bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of lighting characteristics of pulse discharge in cesium vapor
Authors: Lapshin Vladimir
Published: October 2024

Mathematical modeling of characteristics of intense light source on the basis of high pressure pulse discharge in cesium vapor is performed. The investigated discharge is realized in a long ceramic tube from Al2O3 with an internal diameter of 5 mm. The amount of cesium in the discharge is determined by the value of the saturation pressure at the cold end of the tube. A current pulse with amplitude of 40 A to 250 A is periodically passed through the discharge plasma, with a frequency of 400- 1700 Hz. In the work, a mathematical model based on the equations of radiation gas dynamics is used to simulate discharge. When calculating heat exchange by radiation in plasma and light characteristics of discharge, direct integration of the radiation transfer equation is performed. The model takes into account two mechanisms for heating the walls of the gas discharge tube. Firstly, it is the molecular thermal conductivity of the near wall plasma and secondly, it is the absorption of discharge plasma radiation by walls. As a result of the simulation, the dependencies of plasma pressure and temperature, luminous flux and luminous efficacy of the discharge on the temperature of the cold tube end were investigated for different values of amplitudes of current pulses. It is shown that at all current amplitudes there is a pronounced maximum of luminous efficacy. In all studied modes of discharge combustion color rendering index exceeds Ra > 95. It is shown in particular that if the power embedded per unit of discharge length increases to 400 W/cm, the luminous flux reaches 36000 lm/cm.
Radiation dangers in Iranian ceramic samples in local markets
Authors: Abojassim Ali Abid , Jafer Noor Ali , Azeez Ali Jaafar , Abdulzahra Ali Hussein , jassim Ali Saeed , Jebur Layth Yousif , Abdel-Al Zahraa Riad , Ghani Zahra Jassim
Published: October 2024

This research aims to determine the exact levels of activity for Uranium-238, Thorium-232, and Potassium-40 in Iranian pottery samples acquired from the marketplaces of Al-Najaf governorate. The study also seeks to evaluate possible radiological dangers, such as absorbed dose rate, yearly effective dose (indoors), and the related cancer risk from these samples. The current work used NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectroscopy with a “3× 3” dimension. The mean specific activity levels of Uranium-238, Thorium-232, and Potassium-40 were 30.44±5.22 Bq/kg, 6.35±1.11 Bq/kg, and 278.42±51.83 Bq/kg, respectively. The absorbed radiation rate, yearly effective dose (indoor), and cancer risk×10-3 were measured to be 29.51±4.86 nGy/h, 0.14±0.02 mSv/y, and 0.50±0.08, respectively. The activity levels of Uranium-238, Thorium-232, and Potassium-40 are generally lower than the global average, as reported by UNSCEAR 2008. However, there are a few samples where Uranium-238 activity exceeds the global average. All samples have radiological dangers below acceptable levels, as stated in the radiation protection publications UNSCEAR2000 and ICRP1994. Hence, the research findings are within the internationally accepted permitted limits, ensuring safety.
Determination of tribotechnical properties of composite samples during friction on 40Kh steel
Authors: Biryukov Vladimir
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the results of tribotechnical tests of samples of ornamental textolite (OT), ornamental structural textolite (OST) and oxafen. The influence of the surface roughness of a 40Kh steel counter-tile on the coefficients of friction from sliding speed, friction moments from pressure and jamming load from sliding speed is considered. The tests were performed on a friction machine with a vertical axis of rotation of the spindle according to the “plane-ring” scheme when the friction pair was lubricated with MGE-10A hydraulic oil. The test loads and sliding speeds were changed stepwise. It has been found that with a decrease in the surface roughness of steel counter-tiles, the friction coefficients decrease when friction occurs on polymer composite materials. OST samples had the best indicators for reducing the coefficient of friction from the sliding speed and the moment of friction from pressure, followed by OT and oxafen samples. The bully resistance of OT samples is higher than that of OST and oxafene samples. Oxsofen samples had the highest resistance to abrasive wear by loose grain, followed by OST and OT samples.
Methods for calculating basic parameters of machines for the distribution of chemical and mineral materials on highways
Authors: Khankelov Tavbay , Irisbekova Mavluda , Sabirova Diloram , Kadirov Anvar
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to determining the main parameters of the working body (an implement) of the machine for distributing chemical and mineral materials (sand) ensuring high-quality performance of works. Based on the ranking of forces acting on a sand grain located on the surface of the machine implement and eliminating forces that do not significantly affect its movement, differential equations of a particle motion are obtained. Based on the solution to the differential equation, the following parameters were obtained: the flight range of the grain, the time of movement of the grain on the disk, and the angle of its dumping. In addition, issues related to the requirements for such machines are considered. The methodology developed makes it possible to significantly reduce the time and money spent and the costs of calculating the main parameters and arrange a rational design of the machine for distributing chemical and mineral materials.
Computational and experimental determination of laser hardening zones and tribotechnical characteristics of tool steels
Authors: Biryukov Vladimir
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the results of metallographic studies and tribotechnical tests of samples of Cr12V1 steel with laser hardening. The influence of the processing modes of the edge of the samples on the geometric parameters of the quenching zones and their microhardness was determined using a factor experiment. It was found that the maximum effect on the width and depth of the quenching zones was exerted by the radiation power and the speed of beam movement in the processing direction. The maximum values of microhardness were obtained by laser quenching with transverse beam vibrations at maximum radiation power and minimum processing speed. Tests for the intensity of wear were carried out according to the scheme: “a flat sample (steel Cr12V1) is the end face of the sleeve counter sample (steel 40Cr) when lubricated with industrial oil I20A. The wear resistance of samples hardened by a laser oscillating beam is significantly higher than samples with volumetric hardening.
Topographic analysis of layer erosion in abrasive media
Authors: Yusupov Sardorbek , Fayzullaev Jamshid
Published: October 2024

This article delves into the critical role of abrasive wear on the surface of plates in determining the long-term performance and reliability of pressing equipment utilized in the machinery industry. Operating within environments saturated with abrasive particles, these machines face challenges that impact their durability. The rate of deterioration is intricately linked to factors such as collision error, mechanical properties of materials, abrasive particle pressure, and the magnitude of impact loads. The separation of corrosive particles unfolds on a micro-scale, driven by the decomposition of metals resulting from mechanical fatigue, multi-cycle stresses, and repeated loading. By comprehensively examining these factors, this research aims to provide insights that contribute to the development of strategies for mitigating abrasive wear, thereby enhancing the overall operational longevity and reliability of pressing equipment crucial to the production of various machinery components.
Study of algorithms for tracing connections between pins
Authors: Purchina Olga , Fugarov Dmitry , Smirnova Olga
Published: October 2024

Tracing is mathematically the most complicated problem of choosing the optimal solution from a huge number of variants. The development of methods and algorithms for solving the tracing problem has been carried out for many years, but it is still urgent. It is connected, first of all, with the fact that this problem is NP-complete, and it is difficult to develop a universal algorithm allowing one to find the exact optimal solution for an acceptable time. The emergence of new and more advanced means of computing technology, giving powerful computing resources, as well as increased requirements to the designed devices, all this is an incentive to develop new algorithms for solving the problem of tracing. There are several approaches to solving NP -complete problems. The first class of algorithms includes, explicitly or implicitly providing for the possibility of exponential running time of the algorithm, such methods as the method of complete enumeration, linear and nonlinear programming, etc. The second class includes the so-called heuristic algorithms that allow to obtain good solutions in an acceptable time. The third class includes random-directed search algorithms based on modeling principles (Lebedev, 2012). We propose a swarm algorithm for reallocating connections between leads based on the integration of models of adaptive behavior of an ant colony and collective alternative adaptation. The essence of integration consists of the fact that during the execution of the search procedure, the alternation of separate procedures of the ant algorithm and collective alternative adaptation is performed. Experimental studies were carried out that confirm the effectiveness of the proposed paradigm.
Effect of the surface status on corrosion fatigue of the strained structural materials
Authors: Pachurin German , Kuzmin Nikolay , Fillipov Alexey , Mochalina Mariia , Smirnova Zhanna
Published: October 2024

Fatigue failure of metal structures during operation is a frequent cause of machinery and equipment failure, and sometimes of human losses. This is especially true for operating conditions in the presence of corrosive environment. Reliable and safe operation of metal products and engineering devices during operation is largely determined by the structure and properties of the used materials and is ensured by optimizing the process operating conditions. The analysis of domestic and foreign literature data has shown that systematic theoretical and experimental studies of the impact of corrosive environment on the resistance to alternating loads on strained metals and alloys are practically absent. In this regard, the issue of identifying the patterns of corrosion and fatigue failure seems to be urgent in order to increase the corrosion fatigue life of plastically strained metals and alloys. This paper analyzes the impact of the status of surface layers of structural metals in a thermally treated and plastically strained state. The factors influencing the metals oxidation susceptibility have been established. During cyclic loading all processes related to vacancies’ concentration and fatigue cracks nucleation are ahead of schedule in the surface layers of metal, and all structural damage is concentrated at the surface, especially in case of corrosion fatigue. Plastic deformation increases both the thermodynamic possibility of oxide formation on the metal surface and the speed of this process. An increase in the active sites density on the surface of the strained metal contributes to the emerging of a large number of oxide nuclei, the growth of which leads to a faster formation of a continuous passivating film than on the surface of an unstrained metal.
Selection of machine tool equipment when implementing modular technology
Authors: Sakharov A. V.
Published: October 2024

This article is about choosing the right machine tool equipment when you're introducing modular technology into engineering production. The objective was to analyze possible solutions and choose the optimal option. We will consider two variants: the first is the creation of new machine tools for the production of surface modules, and the second is the use of existing machine tools. The second option should be studied with traditional machine tools because it is associated with lower time and labor costs. Twenty machine tools of different types, commonly found in machine-building plants, were selected as the object of research. We used a special methodology to identify the technology of the machine tools. The work resulted in the determination of the nomenclature of surface modules produced for each machine tool. This proves that traditional machine tools are suitable for use in modular technology. The distribution of the number of types of surface modules by groups of machine tools clearly shows that all twenty-six types of surface modules can be produced on universal machine tools with program control, including 5-axis milling machines and lathe machining centers.
The influence of the dowel mounting scheme in facade systems on the thermal protection properties of the enclosing structure
Authors: Galaeva Natalya
Published: October 2024

The use of hinged facade systems is a common solution that allows, with the right approach, to effectively solve a wide range of tasks: from issues of thermal protection of buildings and structures to the possibility of giving the building a unique architectural and artistic expression. Such facade systems are multilayer structures, which contain thermal engineering heterogeneities that affect the thermal protection properties of the enclosing structure as a whole. The purpose of the study presented in the proposed article is to study the effect of the dowel fastening scheme in facade systems on the thermal protection properties of the enclosing structure. The facade dowels in the considered enclosing structure will be point thermal inhomogeneities. The object of the study is a hinged facade system with a thin plaster layer. As part of the study, various schemes of fastening thermal insulation boards with facade dowels are considered. The efficiency of using facade dowels, the material of the spacer element of which are innovative materials with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, is shown.
Seismic resistance calculation in multi-story structures under vibration forces
Authors: Usarov Makhamatali , Isaev Gulom , Shamsiev Dilshod , Kurbanbaev Makhsut , Toshmatov Elyor
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to developing methods for solving the problem of seismic vibrations using a continuous spatial plate model of a multi-story building developed within the framework of the bi-moment theory of thick plate structures. A method for dynamic spatial calculations for seismic resistance of multi-story buildings under longitudinal seismic influences is proposed. Formulas are given for determining the reduced elastic moduli. The values of eigenfrequencies, displacements, and stresses are determined within the framework of the resonance method.
Dynamic analysis of displacement and stress in multi-story structures under transverse vibrations
Authors: Usarov Makhamatali , Usarov Davronbek , Usanov Furqat , Askarhodjaev Shukhrat , Yarashov Javlon
Published: October 2024

The article provides a brief overview of scientific works on modeling the dynamic behavior of buildings and structures worldwide and presents the results of calculations of displacements, accelerations, and stresses obtained in the numerical study of forced vibrations of multi-story buildings subject to external harmonic impacts, corresponding to an earthquake with an intensity of 9 points in the soil conditions of the republic Uzbekistan within the framework of the plate model.
Porous and heat analysis for foam block used in building wall restoration
Authors: Abdukhamidov D.U. , Nazarova N.M. , Nurmanov S.R. , Nurmatov E.A. , Tulbaev B.B. , Mamajanov T. , Ramazonova F.Y.
Published: October 2024

Using COMSOL Multiphysics software, a thorough porosity and heat analysis is performed to examine the thermal performance and insulating qualities of foam blocks used in building wall restoration. The main goal is to comprehend how the foam block's temperature changes over time, emphasizing both its usefulness as an insulator and its heat transmission properties. The investigation showed that the foam block's exterior layer quickly absorbed heat during the early heating stages, indicating its effectiveness in storing thermal energy. Heat progressively moved within as the heating process went on, demonstrating the material's capacity to efficiently transfer thermal energy from the exterior to the interior. A consistent temperature distribution was seen during the advanced heating phases, highlighting the foam block's superior thermal conductivity and stability.
Creation of an encryption algorithm resistant to attacks through side channels of leakage
Authors: Cherckesova Larissa , Revyakina Elena , Buryakova Olga , Gazizov Andrey
Published: October 2024

The paper is devoted to.the development of an encryption algorithm resistant to leakage through side channels The objectives of the work were the development and computational-experimental justification of the algorithm. Materials and methods. A new algorithm of encryption resistant to attacks through side channels is proposed.The algorithm resistance to attacks on the basis of numerical experiments is analyzed.As a result of analyzing statistical data before and after modifications of the algorithm it was found that the developed algorithm is resistant to time and energy attacks. Results of the study.The main result of the work is the development of an encryption algorithm resistant to attacks through side leakage channels. The resilience of the algorithm to attacks was confirmed by analyzing the statistical data before and after modifications to the algorithm. The comparisons concluded that the developed algorithm is resistant to timing attack and power consumption attack. Discussion and Conclusion. The resulting algorithm can be applied to counter groups of attacks on cryptographic devices, in which the attacker tries to obtain any information useful to him, through the physical features of the implemented cryptosystem.
Testing of magnetoactive composite under extreme compression
Authors: Minaev Andrey
Published: October 2024

This article examines a sample of magnetoactive composite with ferromagnetic fillers. Magnetoactive composites, due to the uniqueness of their physico-mechanical characteristics, can find application in various areas of industrial production. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential for self-recovery of a magnetoactive material sample after the removal of extreme compression loads of 10 kN and 30 kN. The tested sample, with an elastic modulus not exceeding 20 kPa, showed the ability to self-recover, practically without destruction. In this test, the sample had elastic modulus parameters more than twice as high as in previous tests and was subjected to higher extreme loads up to 50 kN. Similar to previous tests, the sample is also evaluated for the possibility of restoring its shape. Compression force changes are established against the values of strain, ranging from zero to exceeding 90% of its initial deformation, on recorded compression diagrams of the sample presented for testing. A sharp increase in compression forces is observed at deformations exceeding 70% of its initial deformation. The tested sample, subjected to extreme loads of 50 kN, partially self-recovered and experienced partial damage.
The possibility of shifting the resonant frequencies magnetically active elastomer
Authors: Minaev Andrey
Published: October 2024

A sample of magnetically active elastomer composite material under the influence of external loads is experimentally studied to determine the possible ranges of resonance frequency shift. To record the experimental dynamic characteristics, a complex of vibration test equipment is used, which includes various types of equipment ensuring the operation of the vibration test bench in a given frequency range. In the investigated range the method of smooth frequency sweep of sinusoidal oscillations is used. Signals received from vibration sensors (piezoelectric accelerometers) installed on the specimen are transformed, recorded, processed by software and displayed on the computer screen. Different methods of loading the specimen are used for the determined ranges of resonance frequency locations. One of the loading methods used is a weight with a mass attached to the specimen. Another variant of loading was the effect of magnetic forces on the sample. According to the results of the conducted tests, after processing the obtained experimental data, the shifts of resonance frequencies were recorded and the amplitude-frequency characteristics were plotted, showing the ranges of shift or displacement of resonance frequencies in the investigated material. Under the influence of the considered external loads applied to the tested material, the oscillograms of acceleration of the specimen show the shift of resonance frequencies to the low-frequency range by more than three times and the shift of resonance frequencies to the high-frequency range by two times. The obtained results show additional possibilities of application of different modes in solving the problem of control of dynamic and antivibration properties of the tested material by shifting of resonance frequencies.
Model study of the earth’s ionosphere electric currents system at high latitudes
Authors: Prokhorov Boris , Shapovalova Yulia , Zolotov Oleg , Romanovskaya Yulia
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a numerical study of the response of high- latitudinal Earth’s ionosphere electric currents system to different magne- tospheric inputs. The ionosphere states were modeled using the Upper At- mosphere Model (UAM). The magnetospheric inputs were specified using two models of field-aligned currents (FACs), namely, the classical Iijima & Potemra model (UAM-IP variant) vs. the MFACE model (UAM- MFACE variant). Model results showed that the UAM-IP variant did not allow specifying FACs independently at each hemisphere while the UAM- MFACE version did. The inclusion of the IMF dependence in the UAM extended the modeling facility. The UAM-MFACE version reproduced the high latitudinal ionosphere currents and the geometry of the auroral oval better than the UAM-IP version. At the same time, UAM-MFACE required an extended list of input parameters, a specific spatial grid, and finer time-steps.
(PS-PMMA-ZnO) nanocomposites fabrication and investigation their electrical properties for piezoelectric application
Authors: Oraibi Falah H. , Oraibi Adnan Hassoon , Jassim Ali Saeed , Abojassim Ali Abid
Published: October 2024

Nanocomposites have a cheap cost and a low weight, making them an attractive option for a variety of applications, including industrial, environmental, and medical. For use in electrical applications, nanocomposites made of polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, and zinc oxide have been processed to produce piezoelectric materials. Various concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles were mixed into a polymer blend composed of (PS-PMMA), with those concentrations being (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8) weight percent. Nanocomposites were investigated both in terms of their structure and their electrical properties. The direct current electrical conductivity for (PS-PMMA-ZnO) nanocomposites increases with both increase at temperature and increase in ZnO nanoparticles concentration, activation energy decreases where concentration of ZnO nanoparticles increase. When applied electric field frequency increase, A.C electrical characteristics showed that both dielectric constant (ε^') and dielectric loss (ε^'') for (PS-PMMA-ZnO) nanocomposites decreased, whereas alternating current electrical conductivity increased. When increase concentration of ZnO nanoparticles, a (PS-PMMA) polymer blend demonstrates an increase in its ε^', ε^'', and σ_(A.C). The findings from the piezoelectric application that the increase in pressure cause decrease in the electrical resistance for (PS-PMMA-ZnO) nanocomposites.
Organic agriculture as a tool for sustainable regional development
Authors: Revunov Roman , Anopchenko Tatiana , Revunov Sergey , Gubachev Vladimir
Published: October 2024

Purpose the study is the study of multidimensionality, multicomponent and multifactor problems of organic farming at the meso- economic level, taking into account natural-climatic, territorial- geographical, social and environmental characteristics of the region. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to solve a number of key tasks: to establish the main attributes of organic agricultural production, to substantiate the socio-ecological-economic tools of adaptation of optimal environ mental practices of agrarian production in the context of the Rostov region of the Russian Federation, to verify the fundamental principles of the effectiveness of territorial-organizational environmental protection measures. Methodological basis is based on the analysis of normative-legal literature in the field of nature management, synthesis of ideological-theoretical and substantive approaches to the problem of organic agricultural production, grouping of attributive features of the agrarian nature management system. Object researches – modern agricultural practice of the Rostov region, which is a region of the Russian Federation with a significant natural-climatic spatial disaggregation of crop growing areas, which determines an ecologically rational choice of territories for organic farming. Subject foreign experience of applying socio-economic and institutional-legal tools to ensure rational environmental management. The factors limiting the development of organic agricultural production in the Rostov region of the Russian Federation were revealed, namely: insufficient efficiency of state support, imperfect mechanisms of certification of organic products, high final cost of organic products, municipal districts of the region with the potential for the development of organic agriculture.
Methodological bases for determining priority territories for the location of renewable energy sources (on the example of Rostov region, Russia)
Authors: Fedorovskaya Albina , Sheina Svetlana
Published: October 2024

The article presents a theoretical and methodological toolkit for determining priority territories for the placement of renewable energy sources in the Rostov region, based on the principles of synergetic approach. in the conditions of “green transition” and decarbonization of the economy in the Russian Federation to support this process it is necessary to have a tool for optimizing the choice of territory for the placement of alternative energy sources as a variant of hybrid decentralized energy supply. At the same time, for different types of alternative energy sources the territory and its characteristics should be different, respectively, the application of a systematic approach and adaptation of the methodology of complex assessment of the territory for prospective planning of RES implementation in the energy complex of the subject of the Russian Federation are justified. The methodology includes the integration of diverse information into the system of criteria for comprehensive assessment of the territory, GIS-project for the analysis of the RF subject, and the list of territories prioritized for RES deployment in the Rostov region.
Legal institutions and their activities in the field of environmental protection
Authors: Shevchenko Dayana , Spektor Ludmila
Published: October 2024

This paper focuses on the problem of the operation of legal institutions in the field of ecology and reveals the significance of the interaction existing between law and environmental science, which manifests itself in the dependence of legal action on scientific judgments and findings. The paper provides an in-depth exploration of environmental offenses, which significantly degrade the environment, and offers specific models for mitigating issues within this domain. It conducts a thorough examination of key elements of environmental law and legal proceedings pertaining to nature conservation. The importance of this discourse arises from the deteriorating state of the environment and the imperative for legal interventions. Furthermore, the paper delves into critical aspects of contemporary environmental law and assesses the effectiveness of legal mechanisms in resource management and conservation. It sheds light on fundamental conceptual challenges pertinent to regulating relations in natural resource management and environmental protection. Highlighting law’s efficacy as a potent instrument for shaping human conduct, the article emphasizes its widespread utilization across nations. Leveraging its capacity to adapt to environmental imperatives and codify them into universally applicable behavioral norms, law is increasingly employed to address environmental safeguarding and promote rational utilization of natural resources on both domestic and international fronts.
Sustainable development and industrial concentration: Case of Russian industrial regions
Authors: Uzhegov Artyom , Pletnev Dmitri , Logacheva Natalia
Published: October 2024

Sustainable development of regions is a key goal of the state policy aimed at ensuring balanced economic, social and environmental growth. An important tool for achieving this goal is the analysis of the industrial structure of regions taking into account the concentration of industries and their environmental impacts. This paper examines the relationship between the localization coefficient, which characterizes the concentration of various industries in the regional economy, and the industrial and environmental profile of industrial regions of Russia. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the industrial specialization of a region, the technological development of industries and their impact on the environment, as well as to formulate recommendations for the formation of effective strategies for sustainable development. The study is aimed at identifying the key factors influencing the sustainability of regions, with an emphasis on the technological development of industries, the level of toxicity of emissions and their role in the environmental stability of territories. The analysis is based on data on the localization coefficient, which allows assessing the degree of concentration of industries in the region and identifying dominant, supporting and promising types of economic activity. Along with this, an assessment of the industrial and environmental profile of the regions is carried out, which takes into account the levels of technological development of industries and their environmental impact. An integrated approach to assessing industrial potential and environmental impacts allows not only to identify key drivers of regional development, but also to identify potential risks to sustainable growth.
The land transport efficiency in Wasit Governorate: Urban and rural settlements
Authors: Salman Sarah Bilal
Published: October 2024

The study of human factors and the extent of their impact on the construction of land transport roads is of great importance because they are variable factors, which are on the contrary natural factors, and the impact of human factors on road construction operations is evident through the study of population distribution and size, and economic activities (agricultural, industrial, tourism). And its direct mutual relationship with the construction and extension of land transport routes and the development of each of them, and then directing them to serve urban and rural human settlements, which leads to their development and improvement of their economic, living and social conditions on the one hand, and contributes to the emergence of new centers for human settlement on the other hand.
A methodological approach to evaluate flexible freight train technologies
Authors: Khujaev Shokhijokhon , Suyunbaev Shinpolat , Rustamjonov Boburjon
Published: October 2024

In a market economy, it is important to transport goods in a resource-efficient manner. The following article examines the reasons why freight trains travel excessive distances when loaded. As a result of these studies, the impact of freight trains on route capacity was determined. The time and cost savings resulting from the comparison of several types of freight train formations are highlighted. In this article, as a result of train processing at Pap station, 15 cars per day were prevented from being empty. In one month, this figure was 462 wagons. As a result of the train processing at the Pap station, the use of the working fleet of wagons necessary to meet the demand was increased by 9%.
Sustainable transport: Main trends in Russia-China cooperation
Authors: Drozdova Maria , Ignatushko Irina
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the main issues of implementing sustainable transport concept in Eurasian region as trend in Russia – China cooperation, especially on railway transport. Digitalization of the transport industry, use of Industry 4.0 technology became main drivers of transport and infrastructure ecosystem development. But at the current stage it is a way to provide for sustainable transport policy realization. Russia – China cooperation in transport and logistics has its issues, especially in the field of legal regulation, it is tough to broaden technologies of Industry 4.0 implementation. Rules of technical exploitation on railway do not provide for safe use of such technology on current intellectual transport ecosystems. Sustainable transport conception needs creation of regional experiment- based type of legal rules, designed in the frames of such integrational unions as EAEU - China. At the current stage of IT services on transport regulation Chinese and European legislation can be used as a model. Without effective legislative framework for sustainable transport cooperation with China transport ecosystems competitiveness of Russian railroad industry could not be grown to provide for national technological sovereignty.
Operational tests of a small-sized farm multi-purpose vehicle
Authors: Didmanidze Otari , Fedotkin Roman , Kryuchkov Vitaliy , Degtiarev Nikita , Dudin Daniil , Alipichev Aleksei
Published: October 2024

The paper deals with the issue of expanding the scope of application of small-sized farm multi-purpose vehicles in the production process. The authors focus on the risks associated with the use of this type of machines. The authors prove that application of small-sized farm multi- purpose vehicles is feasible in agricultural production. To increase the interest of agricultural producers in small-sized farm vehicles it is necessary to develop a system of reliable assessment and verification of their actual consumer properties. For this purpose, the authors have studied the existing normative and technical documentation related to the functioning of this type of machines, varieties of small-sized vehicles and electrically driven trackless vehicles. Based on the available documents, they arranged a list of necessary tests to fully evaluate the main consumer properties. The test set consisted of nine procedures, including both static and dynamic tests. The paper provides data on the developed and manufactured experimental sample of electric cargo tricycle used on farms. The tricycle served as an example for the cycle of tests carried out according to the developed list. The paper summarizes the results obtained. Particular attention is paid to longitudinal and lateral sliding and tipping stability tests, center of mass position and traction tests, as well as dynamic tests to determine speed and braking performance, the mileage on a single battery charge, and vibration loading when operating under various road and climatic conditions.
Biosynthesis and Stabilization of Nanosilver Using Houttuynia Extract for Degradation of Azo Acid and Mordant Dyes
Authors: Zhang Guobin , Alam Mohammad Jahidul , Islam Moyinul , Liu Huihong , Mahmud Sakil
Published: October 2024

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are promising candidates for environmental remediation due to their exceptional catalytic properties. However, their tendency to aggregate during formation undermines their stability, posing challenges for large-scale production. This study presents a one-step biosynthesis method of AgNPs using Houttuynia plant (Houttugniae herba) extract, where the plant biomolecules act as both reducer and stabilizer. The bioreduction kinetics were meticulously optimized using the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach, establishing the ideal synthesis conditions as follows: 1.0 mM AgNO3, 0.1 ml Houttuynia plant extract, heated at 80 °C for 45 minutes, with the medium at pH 9. Morphological characterization revealed the formation of spherical, well separated, and highly crystalline (d-spacing = 0.237 nm) AgNPs with an average particle size of 7.756 ± 2.372 nm. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited remarkable catalytic activity in reducing azo dyes, achieving degradation rates of approximately 98% for both acid red 1 (AR1) and mordant blue 9 (MB9) within 4 and 20 minutes, respectively. This eco-friendly and cost-effective method can be an excellent alternative for treating industrial effluents.
Material Characterization: How Light Interception Affects Cotton Crops’ Mechanical Properties
Authors: Warnekar Priyanka N.
Published: October 2024

This paper is based on the research made on effect of light based on the structure of its canopy, characterized by its substantial form and direction of its stalks and leaves. There are several morphological, physiological in nature, and biochemical reactions brought on by this light interception. The parameters considered are light interception, Light absorption, light efficiency, accumulation of biomass, growth time, and biomass distribution. In cotton farming, optimal light utilization is accomplished via management strategies that guarantee optimal plant densities, which impact canopy formation by altering canopy characteristics. The focus of this research is on the effects of plant distribution and spatial arrangement on intercepting view in cotton fields. Usually, cotton plants are grown in rows to reduce shadowing. Reducing shade and improving light collection are the goals of adjusting canopy components. The study shows that how sunlight act as a greatest measure of leaf area for effective growth.
Re-design and Analysis of 220 KV Multi – Circuit Transmission Tower
Authors: Sakhale Chandrashekhar , Waghmare Subhash , Gajbhiye Trupti , Giripunje Manish , Awatade Shrikant , Dhande Mahindra
Published: October 2024

A transmission tower or power tower is a tall structure, typically a steel lattice tower, which is employed to support an overhead power line. Economic losses will be the consequence of any transmission line system failure that disrupts the energy supply. This article describes the MD (300-600 Dev./D.E.-00) NT +9M body extension redesign and structural analysis for a 220 kV multi-circuit transmission tower. This paper pertains to the failure transmission tower structure and implementation of the failure structure through the use of CAD, ANSYS, and analytical and experimental testing. Experimental testing in 2018 resulted in the failure of this MD type transmission tower. The research conducted in this paper is the first to analyse and track the progression of failure of a segment of a transmission structure, in contrast to previous studies that have examined the behaviour and failure of a single tower. To accomplish this, a distinctive CAD/numerical model is developed in this paper. This article will provide a comprehensive discussion of the formulation and validation of the various components of this CAD/numerical model, which are reported in various sections of paper. This study helps build transmission towers to handle rising voltage and power demands in electrical networks.
Experimental Analysis of Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions with the Integration of Cyclonic Separator Device
Authors: M Venkateswar Reddy , S Irudayaraj , M Sarath Chandra , JM Babu , P Sivamurugan
Published: October 2024

The high population density and demographic dynamics have triggered a boom in the uptake of larger and more fuel-efficient diesel goods vehicles because diesel is cheaper than gasoline. Nevertheless, availability of diesel engines has lead to an increase of pollution especially in the urban area. This research examines whether a cyclonic separator which is an attachment device mounted on the vehicle exhaust system can sufficiently reduce particulate emissions from diesel engines. Thanks, the cyclonic separator is used to gather particles of size from 1μm to 50μm, to control the emission of diesel exhaust pollutants. Although we find that the utilization of the device decreases the pollution emission, our study shows that the installation of the device causes backpressure leading to a marginal reduction in thermal efficiency of between 0.8% to 1.01%. Nevertheless, the cyclonic separator can be considered one of the possible means to solve the problem of reduction of emissions of diesel engines and protect urban environment from pollution.
GRAIL, un rêve de médecine préventive ?
Authors: Jordan Bertrand
Published: October 2024

Multi-Cancer Early Detection is a highly popular topic, bringing the hope of being able to detect very early, non-symptomatic cancers and allowing more successful therapy. A major company in this space is GRAIL, which has attracted very significant financing and launched large-scale tests of its detection systems. However, the real clinical utility of these tests remains to be demonstrated, and fundamental issues are still pending.
Rapid shear zone weakening during subduction initiation
Authors: Li Yida , Gurnis Michael
Published: October 2024

Subduction zones play a pivotal role in the mechanics of plate tectonics by providing the driving force through slab pull and weak megathrusts that facilitate the relative motion between tectonic plates. The initiation of subduction zones is intricately linked to the accumulation of slab pull and development of weakness at plate boundaries and, by consequence, the largest changes in the energetics of mantle convection. However, the transient nature of subduction initiation accompanied by intense subsequent tectonic activity, leaves critical evidence poorly preserved and making subduction initiation difficult to constrain. We overcome these limitations through a comprehensive analysis focused on Puysegur, a well-constrained extant example of subduction initiation offshore South Island, New Zealand. Through time-dependent, three-dimensional thermo-mechanical computations and quantitative comparison to new geophysical and geological observations, including topography, stratigraphy, and seismicity, we demonstrate that subduction initiation develops with a fast strain weakening described with a small characteristic displacement (

Δ
s

≈

4 to 8 km). Potential physical mechanisms contributing to the strain weakening are explored and we find that the observed fast weakening may arise through a combination of grain-size reduction within the lower lithosphere and fluid pressurization at shallower depths. With the shared commonality in the underlying physics of tectonic processes, the rapid strain weakening constrained at Puysegur offers insights into the formation of the first subduction during early Earth and the onset of plate tectonics.
Prediction of Progressive Erosion Characteristics of Centrifugal Pump Blades Based on Dynamic Boundaries
Authors: Shen Xiaobo , Li Rennian , Han Wei , Yang Shiqi , Bai Lu , Yang Tao
Published: October 2024

The conventional method of fixed boundaries for predicting erosion inadequately reflects the erosion characteristics of centrifugal pumps under realistic operating conditions. In this research, we employ the dynamic boundary method, considering the influence of changes in wall morphology due to erosion on the flow field. We utilize the Euler-Lagrange approach and the E/CRC erosion model, incorporating a dynamic boundary geometry reconstruction strategy, to predict the erosion characteristics of the IS80-50-315 single-stage single-suction centrifugal pump. Solid-liquid two-phase flow calculations are conducted on the pump to predict erosion characteristics under varied operating conditions. The results show that the dynamic boundary-based progressive erosion prediction method realistically forecasts the erosion characteristics of the overflow wall and captures the evolution of blade morphology with erosion time. Erosion intensity on the blade suction surface significantly surpasses that on the pressure surface, guided by particle distribution characteristics in the centrifugal pump flow channel. Particle diameter primarily influences the erosion position of centrifugal pump blades; smaller particles induce erosion in the middle region of the blade, while an increase in particle diameter shifts the severe erosion position towards the impeller outlet direction. At a consistent particle diameter, higher particle concentrations correspond to elevated erosion rates in the blade area. We establish a relationship between the blade mass loss rate and erosion time during 2500 hours of pump operation at the design condition, introducing the blade mass loss rate for convenient assessment and prediction of blade damage in the centrifugal pump.
Numerical simulation of rectification and vortex suppression in the inlet sump of a pumping station
Authors: Yu Lei , Yang Weixing , Pan Weifeng , Cheng Li
Published: October 2024

In response to flow irregularities observed within the inlet sump of a pumping station in Taiwan, this study undertook structural optimization of the inlet sump utilizing numerical simulation techniques based on the Reynolds time-averaged Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations and RNG k-ε turbulence model. A comparative examination of the internal flow characteristics of the inlet sump before and after optimization at the designated flow rate was conducted. The findings revealed that prior to optimization, backflow was evident within the inlet sump under the operational conditions of the four units, coupled with the presence of vortices beneath the intake bell mouth of the pumps, resulting in suboptimal intake conditions. Optimization strategies involved the installation of guide walls between the units, adjustment of the back wall shape, and addition of guide cones beneath the intake bell mouth of the pumps. Results indicated that the guide walls effectively redirected flow, encouraging it to follow along the guide walls, thereby enhancing the flow pattern within the inlet sump. Additionally, the guide cones successfully mitigated the formation of vortices beneath the bell mouth, consequently improving the intake conditions for the pumps.
Numerical simulation of miniature high-speed aviation fuel pump using immersed solid method
Authors: Fan Zeyu , Jiang Qifeng , Zhang Weibin , Zhang Yifan , Chen Guangyan
Published: October 2024

Aviation fuel pumps are developing toward lightweight design and high rotational speeds at the same time that vehicles, such as missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), gradually get smaller. To investigate the internal flow field characteristics of a miniature aviation gear pump under conditions of high rotational speed, three-dimensional numerical simulations are conducted using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS CFX. The simulations use the immersed-solid method and employ the SST k-ω turbulence model. The findings reveal that under identical conditions, augmenting the tooth width by 1mm leads to a notable 27.32% increase in the average outlet flow rate and a corresponding enhancement of 7.22% in maximum efficiency. Furthermore, a 2mm increment in tooth width results in a substantial surge of 62.74% in the average outlet flow rate and a significant enhancement of 14.61% in maximum efficiency. Nevertheless, concurrently, the augmentation of tooth width corresponds with a gradual rise in trapped oil pressure and significant deterioration of the internal flow field. The study findings offer valuable insights into the integrated design of the oil supply system and engine components of aerospace engines.