bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building Social Cohesion Through Intergroup Contact: Evaluation of a Large-Scale Intervention to Improve Intergroup Relations Among Adolescents
Authors: Reimer Nils Karl , Love Angelika , Wölfer Ralf , Hewstone Miles
Published: February 2021

Past research has found intergroup contact to be a promising intervention to reduce prejudice and has identified adolescence as the developmental period during which intergroup contact is most effective. Few studies, however, have tested whether contact-based interventions can be scaled up to improve intergroup relations at a large scale. The present research evaluated whether and when the National Citizen Service, a large-scale contact-based intervention reaching one in six 15- to 17-year-olds in England and Northern Ireland, builds social cohesion among adolescents from different ethnic backgrounds. In a diverse sample of adolescents (N = 2099; Mage = 16.37, age range: 15–17 years; 58% female), this study used a pretest–posttest design with a double pretest to assess the intervention’s effectiveness. Controlling for test–retest effects, this study found evidence that the intervention decreased intergroup anxiety and increased outgroup perspective-taking—but not that it affected intergroup attitudes, intergroup trust, or perceptions of relative (dis-)advantage. These (small) effects were greater for adolescents who had experienced less positive contact before participating and who talked more about group differences while participating. These findings suggest that the intervention might not immediately improve intergroup relations—but that it has the potential to prepare adolescents, especially those with less positive contact experiences before the intervention, for more positive intergroup interactions in the future.
Application of single-cell sequencing technologies in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Mannarapu Mastan , Dariya Begum , Bandapalli Obul Reddy
Published: February 2021

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the third lethal disease for cancer-related mortalities globally. This is mainly because of the aggressive nature and heterogeneity of the disease that is diagnosed only in their advanced stages. Thus, it is challenging for researchers and clinicians to study the molecular mechanism involved in the development of this aggressive disease. The single-cell sequencing technology enables researchers to study each and every individual cell in a single tumor. It can be used to detect genome, transcriptome, and multi-omics of single cells. The current single-cell sequencing technology is now becoming an important tool for the biological analysis of cells, to find evolutionary relationship between multiple cells and unmask the heterogeneity present in the tumor cells. Moreover, its sensitivity nature is found progressive enabling to detect rare cancer cells, circulating tumor cells, metastatic cells, and analyze the intratumor heterogeneity. Furthermore, these single-cell sequencing technologies also promoted personalized treatment strategies and next-generation sequencing to predict the disease. In this review, we have focused on the applications of single-cell sequencing technology in identifying cancer-associated cells like cancer-associated fibroblast via detecting circulating tumor cells. We also included advanced technologies involved in single-cell sequencing and their advantages. The future research indeed brings the single-cell sequencing into the clinical arena and thus could be beneficial for diagnosis and therapy of PC patients.
A hybridization of SKH and RKFCM clustering optimization algorithm for efficient moving object exploration
Authors: Mahalingam T.
Published: February 2021

Object detection is a really crucial application of image processing. It is of essential value for object active surveillance and various other applications. Hence, the object detection has been extensively investigated. Refined Kernel fuzzy c-means system still carries a couple of downsides, for instance, to reduce the convergence level, obtaining stuck in the regional area minima and problem to initiation level of sensitiveness. To conquer the over problems, the following suggested strategy for stud krill herd Clustering Optimization Algorithm. This paper stands for an optimizing approach to global optimizing utilizing a unique variation of KH (Krill Herd). This approach is termed as Stud Krill Herd (SKH).The stud krill herd Clustering Optimization procedure utilizes to find the optimal centroid. At first, the background and foreground area partition is finished by hybridization of refined kernel fuzzy c means algorithm (RKFCM) with stud krill herd Clustering Optimization procedure. The suggested new strategy is scholarly and furthermore dynamic clustering system for dividing the moving object. This research study performs recommended a reliable object detection making use of hybridization of stud krill herd Clustering optimizing and RKFCM. Moving object tracing is done via the blob detection which happens under the tracing phase. The assessment phase has characteristic abstraction and categorization. High and appearance-based and quality based attributes are mined from fine-tuned frames whichever attended to classification. Considering that categorization we are developing usage of J48 (C4.5) i.e., decision tree based classification. The effectiveness of the advised method is analyzed through prior approaches k-NN and MLP in regard to accuracy, f-measure, ROC and recall.
Data integration by two-sensors in a LEAP-based Virtual Glove for human-system interaction
Authors: Placidi Giuseppe , Avola Danilo , Cinque Luigi , Polsinelli Matteo , Theodoridou Eleni , Tavares João Manuel R. S.
Published: February 2021

Virtual Glove (VG) is a low-cost computer vision system that utilizes two orthogonal LEAP motion sensors to provide detailed 4D hand tracking in real–time. VG can find many applications in the field of human-system interaction, such as remote control of machines or tele-rehabilitation. An innovative and efficient data-integration strategy, based on the velocity calculation, for selecting data from one of the LEAPs at each time, is proposed for VG. The position of each joint of the hand model, when obscured to a LEAP, is guessed and tends to flicker. Since VG uses two LEAP sensors, two spatial representations are available each moment for each joint: the method consists of the selection of the one with the lower velocity at each time instant. Choosing the smoother trajectory leads to VG stabilization and precision optimization, reduces occlusions (parts of the hand or handling objects obscuring other hand parts) and/or, when both sensors are seeing the same joint, reduces the number of outliers produced by hardware instabilities. The strategy is experimentally evaluated, in terms of reduction of outliers with respect to a previously used data selection strategy on VG, and results are reported and discussed. In the future, an objective test set has to be imagined, designed, and realized, also with the help of an external precise positioning equipment, to allow also quantitative and objective evaluation of the gain in precision and, maybe, of the intrinsic limitations of the proposed strategy. Moreover, advanced Artificial Intelligence-based (AI-based) real-time data integration strategies, specific for VG, will be designed and tested on the resulting dataset.
Doubly derivatized poly(lactide)–albumin nanoparticles as blood vessel-targeted transport device for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Authors: Pashkunova-Martic Irena , Kremser Christian , Talasz Heribert , Mistlberger Klaudia , Bechter-Hugl Beate , Pfaller Kristian , Baurecht Dieter , Debbage Paul , Jaschke Werner , Helbich Thomas H. , Keppler Bernhard
Published: February 2021

Molecular imaging using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is expected to play a crucial future role in oncological diagnosis and in monitoring of therapeutic progress. Targeted nanoparticle contrast media (CM) with high relaxivities are required in order to obtain adequate signal-to-noise ratios as well as visualization of a desired pathologic area of the human body. The aims of this study were to synthesize and define certain physicochemical and enhancement properties of new doubly derivatized polylactic acid–bovine serum albumin (PLA-BSA) nanoparticles (NPs) modified by the covalent coupling of glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent. An additional functionalization with endothelial cells (ECs) targeting groups (tomato lectins; LEA) and signal-emitting moieties (DTPA-Gd) enables its use as a macromolecular, biodegradable contrast agent for MRI. The NPs were characterized by different spectroscopies, size exclusion chromatography, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In a human vein model, the dynamics of the nanoparticle interactions with the vein wall were examined in MRI, with correlative imaging in electron microscopy. In vitro studies were conducted to show endothelial binding and persistent enhancement at the apical EC surface. NPs with a diameter between 55 and 75 nm, able to carry simultaneous signal emitting, and targeting motifs on a single construct were successfully prepared. A high Gd payload and endothelial binding to blood vessel walls were observed. The binding affinity and specificity of LEA was preserved, and a strong enhancement at the endothelium was achieved. The stabilized core–shell structure of PLA-NP might allow for further encapsulation of lipophilic drugs or for attachment of other targeting molecules, such as antibodies.

Graphical abstract
Event-triggering $${H}_{\infty }$$-based observer combined with NN for simultaneous estimation of vehicle sideslip and roll angles with network-induced delays
Authors: Boada Maria Jesus L. , Boada Beatriz L. , Zhang Hui
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, vehicles are being fitted with systems that improve their maneuverability, stability, and comfort in order to reduce the number of accidents. Improving these aspects is of particular interest thanks to the incorporation of autonomous vehicles onto the roads. The knowledge of vehicle sideslip and roll angles, which are among the main causes of road accidents, is necessary for a proper design of a lateral stability and roll-over controller system. The problem is that these two variables cannot be measured directly through sensors installed in current series production vehicles due to their high costs. For this reason, their estimation is fundamental. In addition, there is a time delay in the relaying of information between the different vehicle systems, such as, sensors, actuators and controllers, among others. This paper presents the design of an $${H}_{\infty }$$

H
∞

-based observer that simultaneously estimates both the sideslip angle and the roll angle of a vehicle for a networked control system, with networked transmission delay based on an event-triggered communication scheme combined with neural networks (NN). To deal with the vehicle nonlinearities, NN and linear-parameter-varying techniques are considered alongside uncertainties in parameters. Both simulation and experimental results are carried out to prove the performance of observer design.
Investigating modes of being in the world: an introduction to Phenomenologically grounded qualitative research
Authors: Køster Allan , Fernandez Anthony Vincent
Published: February 2021

In this article, we develop a new approach to integrating philosophical phenomenology with qualitative research. The approach uses phenomenology’s concepts, namely existentials, rather than methods such as the epoché or reductions. We here introduce the approach to both philosophers and qualitative researchers, as we believe that these studies are best conducted through interdisciplinary collaboration. In section 1, we review the debate over phenomenology’s role in qualitative research and argue that qualitative theorists have not taken full advantage of what philosophical phenomenology has to offer, thus motivating the need for new approaches. In section 2, we introduce our alternative approach, which we call Phenomenologically Grounded Qualitative Research (PGQR). Drawing parallels with phenomenology’s applications in the cognitive sciences, we explain how phenomenological grounding can be used to conceptually front-load a qualitative study, establishing an explicit focus on one or more structures of human existence, or of our being in the world. In section 3, we illustrate this approach with an example of a qualitative study carried out by one of the authors: a study of the existential impact of early parental bereavement. In section 4, we clarify the kind of knowledge that phenomenologically grounded studies generate and how it may be integrated with existing approaches.
Current status and impending progress for cassava structural genomics
Authors: Lyons Jessica B. , Bredeson Jessen V. , Mansfeld Ben N. , Bauchet Guillaume Jean , Berry Jeffrey , Boyher Adam , Mueller Lukas A. , Rokhsar Daniel S. , Bart Rebecca S.
Published: February 2021

Key message

We demystify recent advances in genome assemblies for the heterozygous staple crop cassava (Manihot esculenta), and highlight key cassava genomic resources.

Cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz, is a crop of societal and agricultural importance in tropical regions around the world. Genomics provides a platform for accelerated improvement of cassava’s nutritional and agronomic traits, as well as for illuminating aspects of cassava’s history including its path towards domestication. The highly heterozygous nature of the cassava genome is widely recognized. However, the full extent and context of this heterozygosity has been difficult to reveal because of technological limitations within genome sequencing. Only recently, with several new long-read sequencing technologies coming online, has the genomics community been able to tackle some similarly difficult genomes. In light of these recent advances, we provide this review to document the current status of the cassava genome and genomic resources and provide a perspective on what to look forward to in the coming years.
A mixed methods approach to the social assessment of transport infrastructure projects
Authors: Lucas Karen , Philips Ian , Verlinghieri Ersilia
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we propose a mixed methods quantitative and qualitative approach to capture fully the measurable and less tangible social impacts of transport projects on local people and communities. The approach was used to assess the potential social impacts of a strategic road by-pass project case study in a deprived region of Wales in the UK. The project specifically aimed to stimulate local economic growth and regeneration in the local areas it serves. In a ‘before and after’ case study, we combined fine-grained, GIS-based spatial analysis of secondary datasets with qualitative participative exercises with the local residents of the five communities living adjacent to the road, and interviews with professional local stakeholders. This mixed methods approach significantly enhanced understanding of both the social benefits and disbenefits of the road project. It helped to reveal local concerns that would not otherwise have been apparent from secondary dataset analysis alone. The qualitative studies were also successful in bringing to the table new ‘hard to reach’ voices that had not been heard through the formal consultation and public engagement process. The study revealed that the social benefits accruing to local people from the project could have been significantly enhanced, whilst a number of its locally occurring negative social impacts could have been avoided had social assessment been employed earlier in the decision processes concerning its routing and design. Recommendations to improve the practice and uptake of social assessments at the option appraisal, project design mitigation and post evaluation stages of transport projects are included in the paper.
Estimating persistence for irregularly spaced historical data
Authors: Franses Philip Hans
Published: February 2021

This paper introduces to the literature on Economic History a measure of persistence which is particularly useful when the data are irregularly spaced. An illustration to ten historical unevenly spaced data series for Holland of 1738 to 1779 shows the merits of the methodology. It is found that the weight of slave-based contribution in that period has grown with a deterministic trend pattern.
Another generalization of Euler’s arithmetic function and Menon’s identity
Authors: Tóth László
Published: February 2021

We define the k-dimensional generalized Euler function $$\varphi _k(n)$$

φ
k

(
n
)

as the number of ordered k-tuples $$(a_1,\ldots ,a_k)\in {\mathbb {N}}^k$$

(

a
1

,
…
,

a
k

)

∈

N

k

such that $$1\le a_1,\ldots ,a_k\le n$$

1
≤

a
1

,
…
,

a
k

≤
n

and both the product $$a_1\cdots a_k$$

a
1

⋯

a
k

and the sum $$a_1+\cdots +a_k$$

a
1

+
⋯
+

a
k

are prime to n. We investigate some of the properties of the function $$\varphi _k(n)$$

φ
k

(
n
)

, and obtain a corresponding Menon-type identity.
Mapping the intellectual structure of GIS-T field (2008–2019): a dynamic co-word analysis
Authors: Hosseini Seyedmohammadreza , Baziyad Hamed , Norouzi Rasoul , Jabbedari Khiabani Sheida , Gidófalvi Győző , Albadvi Amir , Alimohammadi Abbas , Seyedabrishami Seyedehsan
Published: February 2021

Using geographic information systems (GIS) widely for dealing with transportation problems (is well-known as GIS-T), has made it nessasary for researchers to discover the current state-of-the-art and predict the trends of future research. This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of GIS-T research area from a longitudinal perspective, over the period 2008–2019. A co-word analysis was used to illustrate all the underlying subfields of GIS-T based on published papers in the Web of Science (WoS) database service. The main knowledge areas representing the intellectual structure of GIS-T including (a) sustainability, (b) health, (c) planning and management, and (d) methods and tools, were detected. Finally, in order to illustrate the structure and development of the identified clusters, two-dimensional maps and strategic diagrams for each period were drawn. This study is the first attempt to employ a text mining method so as to detect the conceptual structure of GIS-T research area from a complex and interdisciplinary literature.
Mars Mineralogical Spectrometer (MMS) on the Tianwen-1 Mission
Authors: He Zhiping , Xu Rui , Li Chunlai , Yuan Liyin , Liu Chengyu , Lv Gang , Jin Jian , Xie Jianan , Kong Chuifeng , Li Feifei , Chen Xiaowen , Wang Rong , Xu Sheng , Pan Wei , Wu Jincai , Li Changkun , Wang Tianhong , Jin Haijun , Chen Hourui , Qiu Jun , Wang Jianyu
Published: February 2021

The Mars Mineralogical Spectrometer (MMS) is a hyperspectral imager onboard the Mars orbiter of Tianwen-1, China’s first Mars exploration mission. MMS consists of 4 subassemblies: an Optical Sensor Unit (OSU), an Electronics Unit (EU), a Calibration Unit (CU), and a Thermal Control Accessories (TCA). With a 0.5 mrad IFOV and a 416-sample cell array for nadir observation, MMS can map the spectral and spatial information of the Martian surface through push-broom scanning, and it can transmit scientific data by hyperspectral mode or multispectral imaging mode through spatial and spectral combination. MMS can perform multi-sample hyperspectral imaging at full spectral resolution (0.379–1.076 μm with 2.73 nm/band, 1.033–3.425 μm at 7.5 nm/band, both spectral ranges at 2.1 km/pixel at 265 km). For the wavelength region of interest, the multispectral mapping mode provides additional options, a subset of 72 bands that are binned to minimum pixel footprints of 265 m/pixel. The major objective of the MMS is to analyze the compositions and distributions of the minerals on Martian surface, in order to characterize its evolution.
A Review of Indoor Localization Techniques and Wireless Technologies
Authors: Obeidat Huthaifa , Shuaieb Wafa , Obeidat Omar , Abd-Alhameed Raed
Published: February 2021

This paper introduces a review article on indoor localization techniques and technologies. The paper starts with current localization systems and summarizes comparisons between these systems in terms of accuracy, cost, advantages, and disadvantages. Also, the paper presents different detection techniques and compare them in terms of accuracy and cost. Finally, localization methods and algorithms, including angle of arrival (AOA), time of arrival (TOA), and recived signal strength (RSS) are introduced. The study contains concepts, requirements, and specifications for each category of methods presents pros and cons for investigated methods, and conducts comparisons between them.
Using EM Algorithm for Finite Mixtures and Reformed Supplemented EM for MIRT Calibration
Authors: Chen Ping , Wang Chun
Published: February 2021

This study revisits the parameter estimation issues in multidimensional item response theory more thoroughly and investigates some computation details that have seldom been addressed previously when implementing the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for finite mixtures (EM–FM). Two research questions are: Should we rescale after each EM cycle or after the final EM cycle? How to adapt the supplemented EM algorithm to the EM–FM framework to estimate standard errors (SEs) of all unknown parameters? Analytic details of the methods are provided, and a comprehensive simulation study is conducted to provide supporting evidence. Results reveal that rescaling after each EM cycle accelerates convergence without affecting the calibration accuracy. Moreover, the SEs of all model parameters, including item parameters and population mixing proportions, recover well when the sample size is relatively large (e.g., 2000).
Effect of pedogenic iron-oxyhydroxide removal on the metal sorption by soil clay minerals
Authors: Sipos Péter , Kis Viktória Kovács , Balázs Réka , Tóth Adrienn , Németh Tibor
Published: February 2021

Purpose

The close association of Fe-oxyhydroxides and clay minerals might influence the sorption properties of these components. We aimed to study the effect of removing the pedogenic Fe-oxyhydroxides on the sorption of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn by the clay mineral particles in soils with contrasting pH.

Methods

Competitive batch sorption experiments before and after Fe-oxyhydroxide extraction in soils were carried out together with the direct analysis of the metal sorption on individual particles of ferrihydrite, smectite, and illite/smectite by TEM.

Results

Ferrihydrite was a more effective metal sorbent than clay minerals, although its removal resulted in decreased sorption only for Cd, Cu, and Zn. Ferrhydrite coating blocked metals’ access for certain sorption sites on clay surfaces, which were only accessible for Pb as the most efficient competitor after removing the coating. This observation was the most remarkable for the smectite particles in the alkaline soil. Mineral surfaces sorbed higher Cu than Pb concentrations and higher Zn than Cd concentrations despite the former metals’ lower bulk sorption. Thus, organic surfaces and precipitation contributed to Pb and Cd’s retention to a greater extent than for Cu and Zn. The structural Fe of smectite also promoted the metal sorption in both soils.

Conclusion

Removal of iron-oxyhydroxide coatings from the soil affects metal sorption selectively. Direct study of metal sorption on individual soil particles enables us to gain a more in-depth insight into soil minerals’ role in this process.
Applicability of a single camera-based catheter navigation system using teeth arch as an anatomical landmark for superselective intraarterial infusion in advanced oral cancer treatment
Authors: Yanagida Ken , Ohya Takashi , Wang Junchen , Iwai Toshinori , Izumi Toshiharu , Kobayashi Etsuko , Sakuma Ichiro , Mitsudo Kenji
Published: February 2021

Superselective intraarterial infusion chemoradiotherapy is a modality of oral cancer therapy in which the artery feeding the tumor is catheterized. 3D information about the carotid artery is required to enable the surgeon to judge whether to advance, retract, or rotate the catheter. For this purpose, we proposed and conducted a model experiment to assess a new method of catheterization that applies a tracking system using registration with a monocular camera using the maxillary arch as the anatomical landmark. In this method, the preoperative 3D computer tomography angiographic image of the carotid artery that the catheter will be passed through is overlaid on the 2D video image. The mean TRE was 0.96 ± 0.36 mm and 0.88 ± 0.31 mm and 1.12 ± 0.46 mm when images were registered with the anterior and posterior teeth as the landmarks, respectively; the difference was not significant (p = 0.21). This tracking system that enables markerless registration simply by taking images of the maxillary anterior teeth with a single camera was convenient and effective for catheterization. In this study, we propose the new application of this tracking system and a novel method of catheterization for superselective intraarterial infusion chemoradiotherapy for oral cancer.

Graphical abstract
The Role of Cytoplasmic MEX-5/6 Polarity in Asymmetric Cell Division
Authors: Seirin-Lee Sungrim
Published: February 2021

In the process of asymmetric cell division, the mother cell induces polarity in both the membrane and the cytosol by distributing substrates and components asymmetrically. Such polarity formation results from the harmonization of the upstream and downstream polarities between the cell membrane and the cytosol. MEX-5/6 is a well-investigated downstream cytoplasmic protein, which is deeply involved in the membrane polarity of the upstream transmembrane protein PAR in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. In contrast to the extensive exploration of membrane PAR polarity, cytoplasmic polarity is poorly understood, and the precise contribution of cytoplasmic polarity to the membrane PAR polarity remains largely unknown. In this study, we explored the interplay between the cytoplasmic MEX-5/6 polarity and the membrane PAR polarity by developing a mathematical model that integrates the dynamics of PAR and MEX-5/6 and reflects the cell geometry. Our investigations show that the downstream cytoplasmic protein MEX-5/6 plays an indispensable role in causing a robust upstream PAR polarity, and the integrated understanding of their interplay, including the effect of the cell geometry, is essential for the study of polarity formation in asymmetric cell division.
Controlling the Spatial Spread of a Xylella Epidemic
Authors: Aniţa Sebastian , Capasso Vincenzo , Scacchi Simone
Published: February 2021

In a recent paper by one of the authors and collaborators, motivated by the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS) outbreak, which has been ongoing in Southern Italy since 2013, a simple epidemiological model describing this epidemic was presented. Beside the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, the main players considered in the model are its insect vectors, Philaenus spumarius, and the host plants (olive trees and weeds) of the insects and of the bacterium. The model was based on a system of ordinary differential equations, the analysis of which provided interesting results about possible equilibria of the epidemic system and guidelines for its numerical simulations. Although the model presented there was mathematically rather simplified, its analysis has highlighted threshold parameters that could be the target of control strategies within an integrated pest management framework, not requiring the removal of the productive resource represented by the olive trees. Indeed, numerical simulations support the outcomes of the mathematical analysis, according to which the removal of a suitable amount of weed biomass (reservoir of Xylella fastidiosa) from olive orchards and surrounding areas resulted in the most efficient strategy to control the spread of the OQDS. In addition, as expected, the adoption of more resistant olive tree cultivars has been shown to be a good strategy, though less cost-effective, in controlling the pathogen. In this paper for a more realistic description and a clearer interpretation of the proposed control measures, a spatial structure of the epidemic system has been included, but, in order to keep mathematical technicalities to a minimum, only two players have been described in a dynamical way, trees and insects, while the weed biomass is taken to be a given quantity. The control measures have been introduced only on a subregion of the whole habitat, in order to contain costs of intervention. We show that such a practice can lead to the eradication of an epidemic outbreak. Numerical simulations confirm both the results of the previous paper and the theoretical results of the model with a spatial structure, though subject to regional control only.
Gesundheitsbewusstsein und Gesundheitskompetenz von Menschen mit Behinderung
Authors: Rathmann Katharina , Zelfl Loriane , Kleine Anna , Dadaczynski Kevin
Published: February 2021

Hintergrund

Menschen mit Behinderung zählen zu Bevölkerungsgruppen in vulnerabler Lebenslage und wurden in der Forschung zum Gesundheitsbewusstsein und zur Gesundheitskompetenz bisher selten berücksichtigt. Ziel der Studie ist es daher, das Gesundheitsbewusstsein und die Gesundheitskompetenz von Menschen mit Behinderung in Einrichtungen der Eingliederungshilfe in Deutschland erstmals durch Selbstbeurteilung mithilfe eines Fragebogens in Leichter Sprache zu erfassen.

Material und Methoden

Das Datenmaterial wurde in 19 Einrichtungen der Eingliederungs- und Behindertenhilfe bei Menschen mit Lernschwierigkeiten, psychischer, chronischer sowie körperlicher Behinderung in Deutschland erhoben (N = 351). Das Gesundheitsbewusstsein und die Gesundheitskompetenz wurden mittels Fragebogen in Leichter Sprache erfasst. Uni- und bivariate Analysen wurden durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Ein niedriges Gesundheitsbewusstsein geben 38,9 % der Befragten, insbesondere in der Dimension Eigenverantwortung und Achtsamkeit, an. Hinsichtlich der Gesundheitskompetenz berichten knapp 64,0 % Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit gesundheitsbezogenen Informationen, wobei der prozentuale Anteil in den Dimensionen Prävention und Krankheitsbewältigung der Gesundheitskompetenz am höchsten ausfällt. Befragte mit einem niedrigen Gesundheitsbewusstsein geben häufiger Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit Gesundheitsinformationen an.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Studie verdeutlicht einen Bedarf zur Förderung des Gesundheitsbewusstseins und der Gesundheitskompetenz im Setting der Eingliederungs- und Behindertenhilfe. Maßnahmen zur Stärkung des Gesundheitsbewusstseins und der Gesundheitskompetenz sollten zielgruppenspezifisch und unter Beteiligung der Bedarfsgruppen (z. B. partizipative Entwicklung von Informationsmaterialien zu gesundheitsbezogenen Themen) erfolgen.
Five-year fracture risk assessment in postmenopausal women, using both the POL-RISK calculator and the Garvan nomogram: the Silesia Osteo Active Study
Authors: Zagórski Piotr , Tabor Elżbieta , Martela-Tomaszek Katarzyna , Adamczyk Piotr , Pluskiewicz Wojciech
Published: February 2021

Summary

The study project was designed to assess the concordance of clinical results in the assessment of 5-year fracture risk of any fracture, carried out by two methods: the Garvan algorithm and the POL-RISK model. The study group included 389 postmenopausal women of Caucasian race. The concordance of results, obtained by those two models, turned out to be moderate, and the threshold for high fracture risk group was 11% in the POL-RISK model.

Purpose

The goal of the study was to evaluate the concordance of results in fracture risk assessments between the Garvan Fracture Risk Calculator and POL-RISK, a new Polish algorithm, and to define an optimal threshold for intervention.

Methods

The study was a part of the Silesia Osteo Active Study. A group of 389 postmenopausal women, aged 65.2±6.9 years (mean ± SD), was randomly selected from the general population of Zabrze, Poland. All the participants had bone densitometry examination to assess the bone mineral density of the femoral neck. The mean femoral neck T-score was (−0.99) ± 1.05 SD. 6.4% of the women revealed osteoporosis. Five-year risk of any fracture was assessed, using the Garvan and POL-RISK calculators. The performance of each model was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results

The median 5-year risk of any fracture was 7% (range 1–54%) in the Garvan model and 8.8% (range 1.1–45.5%) in the POL-RISK algorithm. There was a significant correlation between the results obtained by both methods (r=0.6, p<0.005). For the thresholds, assumed at 8% and 13% (according to recommendation derived from Garvan tool), the rates of concordance of results between both calculators were 76% and 84%, respectively. In ROC analysis for the POL-RISK method, performed with reference to the Garvan method at two different cut-offs, assumed to be high fracture risk indicators (8% and 13%), the AUC values were 0.865 and 0.884, respectively. The optimal threshold for high fracture risk in the POL-RISK algorithm was ≥ 11%, which yielded a sensitivity of 0.94 and a specificity of 0.71.

Conclusion

The obtained data demonstrate a moderate concordance of results between the POL-RISK algorithm and the Garvan model, illustrated by low and high fracture risk cut-offs, established in ROC analysis. In addition, the threshold of 11% in the POL-RISK method was the optimal level for “high risk”.
A surrogate FRAX model for Pakistan
Authors: Naureen G. , Johansson H. , Iqbal R. , Jafri L. , Khan A. H. , Umer M. , Liu E. , Vandenput L. , Lorentzon M. , Harvey N. C. , McCloskey E. V. , Kanis J. A.
Published: February 2021

Summary

A surrogate FRAX® model for Pakistan has been constructed using age-specific hip fracture rates for Indians living in Singapore and age-specific mortality rates from Pakistan.

Introduction

FRAX models are frequently requested for countries with little or no data on the incidence of hip fracture. In such circumstances, the International Society for Clinical Densitometry and International Osteoporosis Foundation have recommended the development of a surrogate FRAX model, based on country-specific mortality data but using fracture data from a country, usually within the region, where fracture rates are considered to be representative of the index country.

Objective

This paper describes the development and characteristics of a surrogate FRAX model for Pakistan.

Methods

The FRAX model used the ethnic-specific incidence of hip fracture in Indian men and women living in Singapore, combined with the death risk for Pakistan.

Results

The surrogate model gave somewhat lower 10-year fracture probabilities for men and women at all ages compared to the model for Indians from Singapore, reflecting a higher mortality risk in Pakistan. There were very close correlations in fracture probabilities between the surrogate and authentic models (r ≥ 0.998) so that the use of the Pakistan model had little impact on the rank order of risk. It was estimated that 36,524 hip fractures arose in 2015 in individuals over the age of 50 years in Pakistan, with a predicted increase by 214% to 114,820 in 2050.

Conclusion

The surrogate FRAX model for Pakistan provides an opportunity to determine fracture probability within the Pakistan population and help guide decisions about treatment.
Numerical Modeling of the Ladle Flow by a LES-Based Eulerian–Lagrange Approach: A Systematic Survey
Authors: Haas Tim , Schubert Christian , Eickhoff Moritz , Pfeifer Herbert
Published: February 2021

To account for increasing economic and ecological pressure, the steel industry is obligated to continuously optimize all processes. An important optimization approach is numerical modeling although its potential is limited by the accuracy of the mathematical models. In a previous work, a validation database was created and a validation score was derived from this data which allows a comprehensive qualitative accuracy assessment for those models. Here, this system is employed for a systematic optimization of the isothermal flow in the casting ladle. For that, different submodels, namely the turbulence models, subgrid turbulence models, bubble-induced turbulence and interfacial closure models as well as influencing factors, such as the grid resolution or the initial bubble size, are analyzed. It is shown that the large eddy turbulence model is more accurate than the Reynolds-average approach because it is able to reproduce the anisotropy of turbulence in the bubble region. In accordance with the literature, a grid dependency of the lift force is found which can be reduced using an averaged shear field as an additional variable. For the interfacial closure models, the combination of the Tomiyama drag model for fully contaminated systems and the Tomiyama lift correlation showed the best agreement with the experimental data. The results of the survey are summarized to a best-practice guideline with which the validation score can be increased from 38.7 with the Reynolds-average approach to 85.1 on a coarse grid respectively, and 87.8 on a fine grid. However, some upscaling problems of the numerical system from the water model to the real ladle are revealed. There is a need to find accurate yet efficient grid resolutions which make the large eddy turbulence model affordable with the current computational resources. Furthermore, alloying elements or non-metallic inclusions might alter the interfacial forces considerably. However, no studies on their effect have been published yet.
High-Speed Video Analysis of the Process Stability in Plasma Spraying
Authors: Bobzin K. , Öte M. , Knoch M. A. , Alkhasli I. , Heinemann H.
Published: February 2021

In plasma spraying, instabilities and fluctuations of the plasma jet have a significant influence on the particle in-flight temperatures and velocities, thus affecting the coating properties. This work introduces a new method to analyze the stability of plasma jets using high-speed videography. An approach is presented, which digitally examines the images to determine the size of the plasma jet core. By correlating this jet size with the acquisition time, a time-dependent signal of the plasma jet size is generated. In order to evaluate the stability of the plasma jet, this signal is analyzed by calculating its coefficient of variation cv. The method is validated by measuring the known difference in stability between a single-cathode and a cascaded multi-cathode plasma generator. For this purpose, a design of experiment, covering a variety of parameters, is conducted. To identify the cause of the plasma jet fluctuations, the frequency spectra are obtained and subsequently interpreted by means of the fast Fourier transformation. To quantify the significance of the fluctuations on the particle in-flight properties, a new single numerical parameter is introduced. This parameter is based on the fraction of the time-dependent signal of the plasma jet in the relevant frequency range.
Efficient integration process of production data into Augmented Reality based maintenance of machine tools
Authors: Kollatsch Christian , Klimant Philipp
Published: February 2021

With the increasing requirements on machine tools such as higher complexity, individuality and digitization, their maintenance becomes also more complex, which increases time consumption and demands special knowledge. The maintenance engineer can be supported in this process using the Augmented Reality (AR) technology, mobile devices and suitable production data. This requires the integration and adaptation of the maintenance documentation as well as further production systems and their data such as the CAD system, product data management (PDM) system, manufacturing execution system (MES) and CNC. For this purpose, a method is developed that allows an efficient integration process of various production data into an AR supported maintenance documentation. This includes concepts for the integration process of different production systems and data into an AR maintenance system as well as the design of the AR maintenance system architecture. Basis is the analysis of the required production and AR systems, data and processes. The aim of the method is to reduce the high expenditure of the overall planning process and the necessary expertise of the maintenance planner of the AR technology. The developed method is verified with different maintenance scenarios, production systems and data as well as machine tools and AR devices.
Surface topography after deep rolling with milling kinematics
Authors: Denkena Berend , Krödel Alexander , Heikebrügge Steffen , Meyer Kolja , Pillkahn Philipp
Published: February 2021

Deep rolling is a machining process which is used to decrease roughness and to induce compressive residual stresses into component surfaces. A recent publication of this research group showed possibilities to predict the topography during deep rolling of bars in a lathe. Although deep rolling can be used in a milling machine to machine flat specimens, it is still unclear, whether the topography can be predicted to a similar extend using this application. To investigate the influence of the machining parameters on topography, three experimental stages are performed in this paper on cast AlSi10Mg. First, single-track deep rolling experiments are performed under variation of the deep rolling pressure $$p_w$$

p
w

to find the relationship between $$p_w$$

p
w

and the indentation geometry. Here, a logarithmic relationship between deep rolling pressure and the indentation characteristics could be found that achieved a relatively high agreement. In the second stage, surfaces are prepared using multi-track deep rolling. Here, the deep rolling pressure $$p_w$$

p
w

and the lateral displacement $$a_b$$

a
b

are varied. The multi-track rolled surfaces were compared to an analytical model for the calculation of the theoretical roughness that is based on the logarithmic relationship found in the first experimental stage. Here, the limits of the analytical prediction were shown because high similarities between predicted and measured surfaces only occurred for certain deep rolling pressures $$p_w$$

p
w

and lateral displacements $$a_b$$

a
b

. To further investigate the limitations of this procedure, a novel tool concept, which utilizes the rotation of the machine spindle, is used in the third stage. Here, the generated surface can also be interpreted as a periodic sequence of spheric indentations as shown in the second experimental stage, whereas the measured surfaces differed from the expected surfaces. As a result of this paper, the predictability of the surface topography after deep rolling of flat specimens is known (minimum pressure $$p_{w,minAlSi10Mg}$$

p

w
,
m
i
n
A
l
S
i
10
M
g

 = 5 MPa and minimum lateral displacement $$a_{b,minAlSi10Mg}$$

a

b
,
m
i
n
A
l
S
i
10
M
g

 = 0.25 mm) and also first results regarding the final topography after using the novel tool concept are presented.
First observation of true vivipary in Grindelia squarrosa (Asteraceae)
Authors: Pliszko Artur , Górecki Artur
Published: February 2021

In flowering plants, true vivipary is defined as the precocious seed germination and the growth of the embryo to a considerable size before dispersal. True vivipary occurs mostly in mangroves and is very rare in Asteraceae. In this study, we present the first observation of true vivipary in Grindelia squarrosa, a North American member of Asteraceae, from a new locality in Poland. We examined 50 fruiting capitula which were collected in October 2020 in Brzegi, southern Poland. True vivipary occurred in 90% of capitula; however, the number of germinated seeds was low (3.42 on average) and very variable (CV = 106%). Seed germination was found only in fruits developed from disc flowers. We presumed that precocious seed germination in G. squarrosa was induced by prolonged rainfall. The importance of true vivipary in naturalization and invasion of G. squarrosa as well as the involvement of viviparous seedlings in autochory should be further explored.
Negative emotions about climate change are related to insomnia symptoms and mental health: Cross-sectional evidence from 25 countries
Authors: Ogunbode Charles Adedayo , Pallesen Ståle , Böhm Gisela , Doran Rouven , Bhullar Navjot , Aquino Sibele , Marot Tiago , Schermer Julie Aitken , Wlodarczyk Anna , Lu Su , Jiang Feng , Salmela-Aro Katariina , Hanss Daniel , Maran Daniela Acquadro , Ardi Rahkman , Chegeni Razieh , Tahir Hajra , Ghanbarian Elahe , Park Joonha , Tsubakita Takashi , Tan Chee-Seng , van den Broek Karlijn L. , Chukwuorji JohnBosco Chika , Ojewumi Kehinde , Reyes Marc Eric S. , Lins Samuel , Enea Violeta , Volkodav Tatiana , Sollar Tomas , Navarro-Carrillo Ginés , Torres-Marín Jorge , Mbungu Winfred , Onyutha Charles , Lomas Michael J.
Published: February 2021

Climate change threatens mental health via increasing exposure to the social and economic disruptions created by extreme weather and large-scale climatic events, as well as through the anxiety associated with recognising the existential threat posed by the climate crisis. Considering the growing levels of climate change awareness across the world, negative emotions like anxiety and worry about climate-related risks are a potentially pervasive conduit for the adverse impacts of climate change on mental health. In this study, we examined how negative climate-related emotions relate to sleep and mental health among a diverse non-representative sample of individuals recruited from 25 countries, as well as a Norwegian nationally-representative sample. Overall, we found that negative climate-related emotions are positively associated with insomnia symptoms and negatively related to self-rated mental health in most countries. Our findings suggest that climate-related psychological stressors are significantly linked with mental health in many countries and draw attention to the need for cross-disciplinary research aimed at achieving rigorous empirical assessments of the unique challenge posed to mental health by negative emotional responses to climate change.
Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis
Authors: Agis Hermine , Krauth Maria T.
Published: February 2021

Immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare and underdiagnosed life-threatening systemic disease, primarily caused by insoluble depositions of misfolded monoclonal light chains. The monoclonal light chain paraprotein originates from a small clonal B‑cell or a clonal plasma cell population. If left undetected the paraprotein can induce a number of complications based on organ damage. The most dangerous and life-threatening organ dysfunction emerges from cardiac involvement. Thus, patients overall survival depends on early detection. Establishing the correct diagnosis and clear characterization of the amyloid-forming protein, staging, risk assessment and treatment are crucial and depend on a highly experienced interdisciplinary, multiprofessional team.