bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel IoT based Solution for Monitoring and Alerting Bronchial Asthma Patients
Authors: Gundu Sreeja
Published: October 2020

Bronchial Asthma or simply Asthma is a prime concern for people of all the ages. There are many people around the world suffering from asthma. Asthma in a chronic condition where in the patient’s airways inflames and swells with thick mucus. This condition can make difficulty in breathing and trigger with cough and with a whistling sound when patient breathe out. Mainly asthma is a disease where patient feels difficult to breath and sometimes this becomes chronic where nebulization becomes compulsory. Symptoms for asthma are whistling, cough and difficulty in breathing etc. Hence there is an immediate need for some device which not only suggests how many puffs of inhaler has to be taken and at the same time need to warn the patient about severity regarding the surrounding atmosphere with respect to causes of severe illness. There are many IoT based electronic devices developed to detect asthma triggers. The proposed electronic device detects the trigger as well as notifies the patient with an alert to inhale the required amount of dosage. Proposed model continuously senses the atmosphere for different parameters that may cause difficulty in breathing and immediately alerts the patient to move from that place to safe place, thereby saving patient’s life and reducing risk.
The Ambivalent Eclecticism of Contemporary Photography
Authors: Colner Miha
Published: October 2020

The article that aims to analyse the artistic production of photographer Bojan Salaj is based on conversations and reviews of his archive. Among Slovenian photographers, Salaj is the one who has been seen as an embodiment of the decisive shift in perception of the photographic medium that occurred in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He has never worked as documentary photographer or photojournalist; his authorial practice has always been primarily focused on the context of exhibition and against unconventional solutions. Salaj is one of those photographers who are characterized by the deep reflection of the meaning and perception of image from different, mainly philosophical, viewpoints, while at the same time following the objectivistic principles of photography. At a glance, his practice is extremely eclectic and post-modern, which is due to the fact that he is not looking to find an individual and recognizable artistic voice; he dedicates his focus to individual projects, bringing into his work various different references and themes. Nevertheless, a central motive can still be perceived throughout his output. In the past 25 years, Salaj has mostly been attracted to the here and now; this includes the fundamental problems of representation of photography in mass media, iconography of power structures, models of construction of history, and ways of establishing national and cultural identities.
Vital Brazil e as origens da imunologia: a caracterização da especificidade na resposta imune
Authors: Sant’Anna Osvaldo Augusto
Published: October 2020

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O “retorno” do 3D: sobre algumas das lógicas e genealogias da imagem no século XXI
Authors: Elsaesser Thomas
Published: October 2020

As histórias e genealogias das imagens em 3D contêm uma omissão aparentemente pequena, mas significativa: elas não sugerem a extensão do uso das imagens em 3D para propósitos científicos, militares, de segurança e médicos (ultrassom) no passado e no presente. Esse é um campo vasto, ainda pouco explorado. Uma ve z que se determinem alguns desses usos diversos e práticas persistentes, tornando-os parte do desenvolvimento global de sistemas de visão e projeção espacial, o “retorno do 3D” revela que o 3D nunca foi embora. É, portanto, o retorno do3D no cinema comercial e no entretenimento popular que obriga a desviar a atenção para a estreita aliança que sempre existiu entre as indústrias de entretenimento e as outras indústrias de simulação, bem como entre as mídias de observação e registro, e as mídias de vigilância e controle.
O engenheiro e o inquérito: as habitações operárias no Distrito de Santa Ifigênia, São Paulo, 1893.
Authors: Ribeiro Maria Alice Rosa
Published: October 2020

O artigo tem três propósitos: marcar a iniciativa e a participação do engenheiro Theodoro Sampaio no inquérito sobre as habitações de trabalhadores no distrito de Santa Ifigênia; apontar que o relatório final e as 65 fichas do exame e da inspeção das habitações operárias constituíram o documento fundamental para a formulação do primeiro Código Sanitário do Estado de São Paulo, em 1894; conhecer os moradores dos cortiços de Santa Ifigênia na última década do século XIX, com base nas fichas do inquérito.
Phenology of heliconia (Heliconia sp ) in agroecological conditions in ramal de Aspuzana-San Martin-Peru
Authors:   Investigador independiente-Ciencias Agrarias UINHEVAL, Huaranga- Herrera, Gloria Glorinda
Published: October 2020

The phenological stages at Heliconias are presented differently in each area of life. This research was conducted in the city of Ramal de Aspuzana - San Martin, Peru ; assessed the developmental stages of the vegetative phase and the elapsed time for the start of the floral stage five species were quantified: Heliconia wagneriana, Heliconia stricta, Heliconia rostrata, Heliconia bihai and Heliconia ortotricha. H. wagneriana them behaved as with 232.66 days earlier with respect to the vegetative phase and the latter being Heliconia rostrata with 444 days. Also the time for the start of the floral phase in five species of Heliconia time was 424.17 days for Heliconia rostrata, Heliconia stricta to 245.83, 241.33 to Heliconia bihai, 234.33 Heliconia ortotricha and 215 days for to Heliconia wagneriana. Keywords: phenology, floral stage, vegetative stage, Heliconia, early la
Starch concentration of native Andean potato varieties (Solanum spp.)
Authors:   Ciencias Agrarias -INGENIERÍA AGRONOMICA-UNHEVAL, Ignacio-Cardenas Severo , Perez  Trujillo Eugenio , Gonzales Pariona Fernando Jeremias
Published: October 2020

The study consisted of determination the native starch content in the tubers of the seven landraces potato, developed according to the quantitative approach framework. The samplings of tubers were developed by transect technique, in three production places from Quío town. The starch concentration of the tubers was analyzed in the laboratory of the Agricultural Sciences Faculty at UNHEVAL by the decanting method. The data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, contingency and cluster analysis techniques. Starch content variation in landraces potato were from 12.44% in Tarmeña variety to 20.19% in Ishcupuru variety. The results showed that is necessary to be directed towards other bigger studies that approaches alternatives for to promote the human consumption of native potatoes of high nutritional quality food, its use in the food industry; in addition, to developed other research about the genetic improvement of native potatoes for to select varieties that synthesize larger amounts of starch and other industrial value substances. Keywords: Native Potato Starch, Potato Varieties, Transect
Response to the potassic fertilization of three varieties of canary beans (Phaseolus vulgaris l), under the climate conditions of los Anitos- Barranca
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Barranca-Perú, Silver-Pablo Celia
Published: October 2020

The Canario bean Phaseolus vulgaris L, is a food legume of economic importance in the Province of Barranca-Perú. In the last five years, the presence of the "balloon grain" has influenced the low productivity of the crop. The purpose of the present study was to identify which factors limit performance and determine which variety (s) have the best behavior or resilience under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Fundo los Anitos, located in the Barranca district. The experiment was conducted at an altitude of 65 msnm, temperature oscillating between 13.9 to 29 °C and with an annual rainfall of 7-10 mm, FcoA soil, of alluvial origin. 03 Bean varieties were used, applying NPK with three levels of potassium fertilization. The experimental design used was a DBCA with 4 repetitions. The spacing of the culture was 0.8 mt. between grooves and 0.4 mt. between plants, 3 plants / blow. The hypothesis proposed refers to the fact that one or more Canario bean varieties, with balanced fertilization, are determining factors that influence the growth and accumulation of biomass, in addition to increasing the resilience capacity to unfavorable biotic and abiotic factors, caused by climate change. The results indicate that the Canario bean 2000, presented better behavior in biomass accumulation and resistance to rust and nematode attack, as well as better response to the 60N40P2O5-0K2O fertilization dose, compared to the other varieties under study. The centenario and common bean presented a response to fertilization 60N-40P2O5-60K2O and 60N-40P2O5- 120K2O, respectively. The results obtained in the present study are related to the growth habit of the varieties: Type I and II, being the Canario bean 2000, with a growth habit of type II, who presented the greatest accumulation of biomass at flowering, taking advantage of the residual potassium from the soil, resistance to rust and nematode attack. Key words: Potassium, fertilization, beans, variety, biomass, resilience
Effects of combined substance membratonon correction of theindicators of zoo-social behavior of old rats
Authors: Panteleymonova Tetyana , Kuprash Liana , Sharabura Ludmila , Labunets Irina , Sykalo Nina , Olar Vitaliy
Published: October 2020

Brain aging is accompanied by the development of an imbalance of the systems of chemical regulation of cells, a decrease in neurotrophic factors, and disorders of brain plasticity. Important place in the neurotransmitter changes in aging is given to the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), represented in the system of both external and internal neurotransmitters. With aging, the activity of GABA systems changes and the content of GABA in brain structures decreases, which is associated with impaired mental function and the development of pathology, in particular, dementia. Given the prevalence of pathology and the rate of population aging, the search for effective and safe means for the prevention and comprehensive metabolic treatment of age-related cognitive and psycho-emotional disorders remains relevant. In experiments on adult (10 months) and old (24 months) Wistar male rats, we investigated the pharmacological activity and age-specificities of the combination, including GABA and magnesium gluconate in the form of a coordination compound (γ-aminobutyro-Mg(II)–gluconate), and pyridoxine hydrochloride (Membraton). Tests "dark / light camera" and "three-chamber activity" established age differences in the behavior of rats. In older animals, amid increased anxiety, there was a decrease in zoo social interaction, such as communication, novelty preference, and social recognition. Under the influence of the course introduction of Membraton (100 and 500 mg / kg) in old rats, anxiety decreased and social activity increased: motivation and initiation of social contact increased, contact with an unfamiliar partner-stimulus increased, recognition of a familiar and unfamiliar partner was normalized. Under the influence of the remedy, indicators of social behavior of old animals approached the level of young animals. The established effects make it possible to consider Membraton as a promising metabolic therapy for increasing sociality in psycho-emotional disorders associated with age.
The influence of quercetin on the functional state of platelets and the viscosity of blood among the aged people with the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Naskalova Svitlana , Korkushko Oleg , Antonuk-Shchehlova Ivanna , Duzhak Georgij , Bondarenko Olena , Grib Oksana , Shatilo Valeri
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of quercetin on the functional state of platelets and blood viscosity among the aged patients with the metabolic syndrome (MS). 110 patients with MS in the age of 60-75 years were divided equally into the main and control groups. The patients of the main group received quercetin for 3 months (drug "Quertin", chewable tablets produced by private joint stock company scientific-productional centre "Borschagovsky chemical pharmaceutical plant") in dose 80 mg 3 times per day. The examined subjects from the control group were treated with placebo for the same time. Before and after the course of treatment, MS criteria were evaluated, platelet aggregation capacity, blood viscosity, and serum lipid levels were determined. After course treatment with quercetin, the rheological properties of blood were improved: its viscosity, spontaneous and induced aggregation of the platelets were decreased. A statistically significant decrease of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in serum was observed. Correlation analysis showed that the improvement of blood viscosity was due to the favorable changes in the lipid spectrum and a decrease of the aggregation capacity of platelets. Thus, the obtained results indicate that the use of course of quercetin by the aged patients with metabolic syndrome (within 3 months) reduces the manifestation of dyslipidemia, increased spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation, contributes to the increase of erythrocyte deformity index that together lead to a decrease of blood viscosity as one of the risk factors for complications of metabolic syndrome.
PENGARUH KOMPLEKSITAS TUGAS, TINDAKAN SUPERVISI, DUKUNGAN KELOMPOK, DAN TEKANAN WAKTU KERJA TERHADAP KUALITAS HASIL AUDIT
Authors: Tika Rahma
Published: October 2020

The research was aimed to analyze and provide emprical evidences about the impact of task complexity, supervise action, group support, and time pressure on the quality of audit results. Dependent variable in the research is quality of audit results and independent variabel in the research is task complexity, supervise action, group support, and time pressure. The data used in this study contains the perception of the independent auditor who filled out questionnaires. The sample in this study involves an independent auditor at 10 Office of Public Accountants in West Jakarta and South Jakarta. Questionnaires were distributed by 73 questionnaires, of 73 questionnaires were distributed, which can be processed only 58 questionnaires. Processing data using test validity, reliability testing, testing assumptions of clasical, linear regression, and correlation test with SPSS for Windows version 19.0. The result proved that task complexity, supervise action, group support, and time pressure influanced quality of audit results simultaneously. Besides that, this study proved that supervise action and time pressure influenced quality of audit results partially, but task complexity and supervise action didn’t influanced quality of audit results.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan memberikan bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh kompleksitas tugas, tindakan supervisi, dukungan kelompok, dan tekanan waktu kerja terhadap kualitas hasil audit. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitas hasil audit dan variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah kompleksitas tugas, tindakan supervisi, dukungan kelompok, dan tekanan waktu kerja. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berisi persepsi dari auditor independen yang mengisi kuesioner. Sampel dalam penelitian ini melibatkan auditor independen pada 10 Kantor Akuntan Publik di Wilayah Jakarta Barat dan Jakarta Selatan. Kuesioner yang disebarkan sebanyak 73 kuesioner, dari 73 kuesioner yang disebarkan, yang dapat diolah hanya 58 kuesioner. Pengolahan data menggunakan pengujian validitas, pengujian reliabilitas, pengujian asumsi klasik, uji regresi linear, dan uji korelasi melalui program SPSS for Windows Versi 19.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompleksitas tugas, tindakan supervisi, dukungan kelompok, dan tekanan waktu kerja mempengaruhikualitas hasil audit secara simultan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa tindakan supervisi dan tekanan waktu kerja secara parsial mempengaruhi kualitas hasil audit, sedangkan kompleksitas tugas dan dukungan kelompok tidak berpengaruh pada kualitas hasil audit
ANALISIS PENGARUH CITRA MEREK DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK SMARTPHONE OPPO
Authors: Rahmawaty Dian , Nur Adek Rilman
Published: October 2020

The study was backed by the telecommunications industry with a rapid growing became a mirror of tight and the high need for information which is easily accessible by the public. This research aims to know the influence of the brand image and product quality of Oppo smartphone product purchases. This research was conducted against students STIE Haji Agus Salim Bukittinggi majoring in management. After a review of the literature, and the preparation of the hypothesis, the data collected through questionnaire method deployed to 77 people respondents by using random sampling method. Analysis of the method used is descriptive analysis with logistic regression with binary using data processing using SPSS 16.0 for windows ver. Then conducted the analysis with the data using the test of validity, reliability, descriptive variable analysis (TCR), binary logistic regression test, wald test, ekspetasi test, G and nagelkerke so obtained by the equation Y-9.689 0, 292X1 0, 169X2. The results showed that the brand image and product quality positively and significantly to the influential buying decision either by partial and simultaneous. The most influential variables on the purchasing decision is a brand image with a percentage of that factor and 0.292 least affect the purchasing decision variable is the corporate image is by percentage of 0.169. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan  tumbuh pesatnya industri telekomunikasi yang menjadi cermin dari ketat dan tingginya kebutuhan akan  infomasi yang mudah diakses oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh citra merek dan kualitas produk terhadap keputusan pembelian produk smartphone Oppo. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap mahasiswa STIE Haji Agus Salim Bukittinggi Jurusan Manajemen. Setelah dilakukan tinjauan pustaka, dan penyusunan hipotesis, data dikumpulkan melalui metode kuesioner yang disebar kepada 77 orang responden dengan menggunakan metode random sampling. Metode analisis  yang digunakan  adalah  analisis  deskriptif dengan menggunakan binary logistic regression dengan  pengolahan  data  menggunakan  SPSS  ver.16.0  for  windows. Kemudian dilakukan analisis  dengan  data  yang  ada  menggunakan  uji  validitas,  reliabilitas,  analisis deskriptif variabel (TCR), binary logistic regression , uji wald, uji G, uji ekspetasi dan nagelkerke sehingga didapatkan persamaan Y = -9,689+0,292X1+0,169X2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa citra merek dan kualitas produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian baik secara parsial dan simultan. Variabel  yang  paling  berpengaruh besar terhadap keputusan pembelian adalah citra merek dengan presentase sebesar 0,292 dan faktor yang paling kecil mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian adalah variabel kualitas produk adalah dengan presentase sebesar 0,169.
What to Know and Do to Help Your Adopted or Foster Child Succeed in Japanese Schools
Authors: Cook Melodie
Published: October 2020

In this chapter, I begin by giving background information about adoption and fostering in Japan, detail how adopted and foster children feel, and explain seven core issues faced by children in care. I then examine the root cause for such issues, trauma, and how it affects adopted and fostered children’s performance in school. Next, using my own family’s experiences as well as others’ in a similar position to mine that I have studied, I illustrate issues faced by non-Japanese adoptive and foster parents and how we can mitigate against them. It is my hope that this chapter will inform prospective and current adoptive and foster parents and encourage them to work with social workers, case workers, and educators to make our children’s experiences of schooling as good as they can be.
The Teacher Called Me “Okasan”: Experiences of a Non-Japanese Single Father With Bicultural Children and Japanese Education System
Authors: Dujmovich Jon
Published: October 2020

This chapter offers a glimpse into an atypical genre of single-parent family in Japan – a view from the perspective of a single non-Japanese father with young bicultural children. Interactions between the family members and systems of education in Japan can shed new light on cultural gender-based biases and traditionally held stereotypes. The confluence of connections between individual participants, gender role expectations, dominant cultures, and education, are explored in this study through autoethnographic methodology (Ellis et al., 2011; Strauss & Corbin, 1998) and the process of organizational sensemaking-the process by which people give meaning to their collective experiences (Weick, 1995; Weick, Sutcliffe, & Obstfeld, 2005). Educational settings bring together Japan's diversity within one setting, making intercultural encounters routine. Situations where there are perceived microaggressions (Pierce, 1970), cultural bumps (Archer, 1986), as well as examples of ethnocentrism and ethnorelativism (Bennett, M. J., 1998b) are examined and discussed within cultural, gender, and dominant culture privilege (Kimmel & Ferber, 2016; McIntosh, 2003) frameworks. I will make a case that intercultural sensitivity (Bennett, M.J., 1998a), as well as shifting into other perspectives or worldviews, can lead to enhanced intercultural understanding resulting in win-win outcomes. I will make a second case that autoethnography and organizational sensemaking are particularly well-suited methods for initial inquiry into fringe cultures, such as non-Japanese single fathers raising bicultural children.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Operasional pada Ekspedisi Ameng Berbasis Java
Authors: Kasman Hendra
Published: October 2020

Ekspedisi Ameng adalah sebuah perusahaan jasa yang bergerak dibidang jasa pengiriman pupuk jalur darat di Riau. Dalam proses bisnisnya Ekspedisi tidak terlepas dari kendala yang dihadapi, seperti kesalahan dalam hal pengolahan proses informasi, keterlambatan dalam pengantaran pupuk sering terjadi dan lain-lain. Sehubung dengan permasalahan diatas, penulis ingin menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi perusahaan dengan membangun sistem informasi yang berorientasi objek sebagai teknologi informasi untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang ada seperti pengaturan informasi pengangkutan barang dengan memberikan informasi seperti laporan status pengangkutan. Dalam pengembangan ini, penulis akan mengunakan bahasa pemograman Java dan MySql sebagai server. Dengan dibangunnya sistem ini masalah-masalah yang ada diperusahaan dapat diselesaikan, pekerjaan pada setiap bagian juga akan dipermudah dan selain itu proses bisnis perusahaan juga akan menjadi lebih baik.
Penerapan Algoritma C 4.5 Untuk Penentuan Kriteria Anggota Layak Pinjam Berdasarkan AD/ART Koperasi
Authors: Yusti Herawati , Ameliza Kiki
Published: October 2020

Koperasi merupakan wadah yang cukup penting berada dalam sebuah lingkungan instansi. Yang bertujuan untuk mensejahterakan anggotanya. Dalam suatu aturan, koperasi harus memiliki kriteria untuk penentuan anggota layak pinjam, demi keharmonisan sesama anggota koperasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kriteria anggota layak pinjam berdasarkan AD / ART koperasi, menggunakan Data Mining dengan algoritma C 4.5. Atribut masukan kriteria anggota layak pinjam ini mencakup Kepegawaian, Anggota, Peminjam Izin Bendahara dan Kepala Sekolah (PIBK), Peminjam Mengikuti Daftar Antrian (PMDA) dan Simpanan Wajib. Dalam penelitian ini, rules yang dihasilkan merupakan langkah – langkah yang akan dilalui oleh anggota koperasi dalam melakukan peminjaman.
The Israel Factor in Growing Indo-US Strategic Ties
Authors: KHANUM Sadia , MOİZ Muhammad
Published: October 2020

Indo-Israel strategic ties have been growing at a great pace in the last few decades and this growth is stimulating interests and concerns among foreign policymakers as well as in academia. India under Nehru maintained a very strict stance vis-à-vis Israel’s Palestine policy. Being a part of and the leader of the Non-Aligned Movement, Nehru was critical of injustice done to Palestinians and the US role in consolidating the state of Israel. India’s growing intimacy with Israel, starting from the 1990s, is seen as a major divergence from the policy set by the country’s founding fathers. Close diplomatic and defense ties somehow exhibit the geostrategic needs of both the countries as well as the requirement of time where systematic changes have taken place in the post-Cold War period. The disintegration of the Soviet Union left no option for India but to pursue a more pragmatic policy towards the United States, the new hegemon, and its allies. The Jewish lobby in the US Congress was of great support to put forward India’s agendas and to counter opponents. India reciprocated for that goodwill diplomacy by strengthening its ties with Israel. Post-Cold War growth of Indo-US strategic relations has many regional and global dimensions and vested interests. These interests are better served in geostrategic collaboration with Israel or making a mutual interest-based informal alliance (Indo-US-Israel triangle for balancing the threat in Asia) between three countries. The cordial ties between Israel and the US facilitate India forwarding its regional and global agendas from the very platform of friendship. Therefore, the research problem at hand is to dissect and understand the trilateral bond based on its balancing the threat in the region and how it is the source of convergence for all three of them. In brief, this paper is an attempt to understand the very basis of growing Indo-Israel relations and the role that this strategic partnership plays in facilitating the cordial ties between the US and India in the post-Cold War era.
Smart Home Automation System
Authors: ZARO Fouad , TAMİMİ Ali , BARAKAT Anas
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a low cost, flexible and scalable Smart Home Automation System based on Arduino Technology and Wi-Fi connection, in addition to apply specific techniques for reduction of power consumption and load management. The system will be accessible anywhere, anytime for controlling and monitoring. This study relies on Arduino Technology and Node-MCU boards, the electrical appliances are connected to a cloud database that communicates with the user by an android application connected to the internet. A prototype for a specific house has been built, the proposed system is able to control all home electrical units and appliances like: lighting, sockets, HVAC units, fire, gas and intruder siren systems, in addition to monitor the real time power consumption, the house PV system generation and the current room's temperature and humidity. Furthermore, the system is able to reduce power consumption using predefined algorithms.
TOOLS OR SYSTEMS FOR IMPROVING ACCESSIBILITY TO FINANCIAL PRODUCTS AND SERVICES.
Authors: Njue Michael Njeru , Mbogo Marion
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to highlight the need for banks to develop financial products and services for small and medium enterprises.Methodology:The research design was descriptive survey study. The target population was 46 commercial banks .The sampling frame was the list of commercial banks given at the Central bank of Kenya Website. A sample of 17 banks was selected using random sampling. The second stage of sampling involved the selection of the respondents using a stratified sampling approach. The strata were the various departments that interact with SMEs in a bank. The respondents were the head of departments of the respective departments that form the strata. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected using a questionnaire that consisted of both open ended and close ended questions. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS.Results: One of the study objectives was to establish the level of access to financial products and services offered by the banks to SMEs. Results from the bank manager’s perspective indicated that the level of access to finance was high, but the bank clients indicated otherwise, that it was low. The other objective of the study was to determine the factors that hinder the SMEs from accessing the financial products offered by banks. Results indicated that several factors influence access of SMEs to finance. These factors include gender, level of education, size of the business, age of the entrepreneur, collateral, and level of income for the entrepreneurs. All the factors had a negative effect on the access of finances from the banks by SMEs and hence indicate SMEs low access to financial products. Another objective of the study was to establish the tools or systems required to improve accessibility to financial products offered. Results indicated that there are tools and systems put in place by banks to improve accessibility to financial products offered to small and medium enterprises.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy:The study recommended that training be emphasized to SME entrepreneurs on financial matters, all gender to be treated equally, the banks to introduce financial education programs for SMEs to improve their access to credit, banks to further make use of a credit scoring system to assess the credit worthiness of small businesses and to introduce the use of new credit bureau regulations to increase SME finances.
DETERMINANTS OF COMPLIANCE WITH ACCESS TO GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT OPPORTUNITIES REGULATIONS FOR SPECIAL GROUPS AMONG PARASTATALS IN KENYA
Authors: Oyugi Abednego Momanyi , Getuno Dr. Pamela
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The specific objectives of the study were; to assess the effect of prequalification criteria, opportunity awareness and sensitization, capacity of special groups and internal compliance controls on compliance with AGPO regulations for special groups among parastatals in Kenya.Methodology: The study employed a descriptive research design, targeting heads of procurement among parastatals of Kenya. The study preferred this method because it allows an in-depth study of the subject. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. The data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Multiple regression models were used to show the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables. The data generated was keyed in and analyzed by use of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 to generate information which was presented using charts, frequencies and percentages.Results: The F critical at 5% level of significance was 26.5. Since F calculated which can be noted from the ANOVA table above is 81.8 which is greater than the F critical (value= 26.5), this shows that the overall model was significant. The study therefore establishes that; prequalification criteria, opportunity awareness and sensitization, capacity of special groups, internal compliance controls affect compliance with AGPO regulationsConclusion: The findings of the study indicated that prequalification criteria, opportunity awareness and sensitization, capacity of special groups and internal compliance controls have a positive relationship with compliance with AGPO regulations for special groups among parastatals in KenyaContribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that public institutions should embrace prequalification criteria, opportunity awareness and sensitization, capacity of special groups and internal compliance controls so as to improve compliance with AGPO regulations for special groups.
THE INFLUENCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS’ TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION LENDING STRATEGY ON THE GROWTH OF SMES IN KENYA
Authors: Kathuku Dr. Jane Karambu , Ngugi Dr. Patrick Karanja , Muturi Dr. Willy Mwangi
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of commercial banks’ technological innovation lending strategy on the growth of MSEs in Kenya.Methodology: The researcher used purposive sampling to select respondents. The sample size was comprised of 352 respondents. The study used questionnaires to collect data from the field. Both quantitative and qualitative data gathered was coded and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data in frequency distributions and percentages which were presented in tables and figures. Inferential statistics were used to analyze qualitative data.Results: The study found out that commercial banks’ technology and innovation have a positive and significant effect on MSEs growth (r=0.505, p=0.023).Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study also recommended that commercial banks need to adopt technological innovation strategies so as reach more MSEs in terms of credit and thus enhancing its  growth.
TEACHERS' ATTITUDE TOWARDS INTEGRATING ICT IN CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION IN TEACHING AND LEARNING BIOLOGY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN THE SOUTHERN REGION, ERITREA
Authors: Belay Mehari Tesfamariam , Khatete Dr. David Wanyonyi , Mugo Dr. Bernard Chomba
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The research was to establish teachers' attitude towards integrating ICT in classroom instruction Methods: The study was carried out in secondary schools of the southern region, Eritrea. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The study targeted 27 public secondary schools in the region. Stratified random sampling technique was used to get a sample of 12 secondary schools from 12 sub-regions. The sample of respondents of the study was drawn from these 12 secondary schools of 12 sub-regions. The respondents were 12 school directors, 34 Biology teachers and 175 grade eleven students. Questionnaires, interview and observation schedules were used as instruments for data collection. Questionnaire for Biology teachers and students, Interview Schedule for school Directors, were employed. Piloting and consultation were conducted to establish validity and reliability before the instruments were used for the actual data collection. The data collected included both qualitative and quantitative data. The quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The qualitative data obtained from the open-ended questions were analyzed thematically based on research objectives.Results: The study found that majority of Biology teachers who participated in the study had a positive attitude towards the use of ICT in teaching and learning. They liked to use ICT in their Biology lessons; they believed ICT makes learning Biology interesting, understandable and improves learners' performance Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommended that Ministry of Education should provide adequate in-service training on ICT integration skills for teachers
Struktur Corporate Governance, Reputasi Underwriter Dan Initial Public Offering (Ipo) Underpricing Di Indonesia
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto , Cahyaningrum Bambang Nur
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji apakah struktur corporate governance perusahaan dan reputasi underwriter mempengaruhi IPO underpricing perusahaan yang go public dengan menggunakan periode tahun 2010-2016. Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada pengaruh reputasi underwriter dan struktur corporate governance yaitu komposisi dewan komisaris independen, komite audit dan dewan direksi.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ekspost facto dengan menggunakan dimensi waktu cross sectional study. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah

seluruh perusahaan yang melakukan Initial Public Offering (IPO) di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama periode 2010-2016. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 117 perusahaan. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa reputasi underwriter dan dewan direksi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap IPO Underpricing di Indonesia.
Second language perception of English vowels by Portuguese learners: The effect of stimulus type
Authors: Rato Anabela Alves dos Santos , Carlet Angélica
Published: October 2020

The present study investigated L2 English vowel perception and the effect of stimulus type on the identification of vowel segments that present difficulties for Portuguese learners. It also examined the effect of subject factors such as age of acquisition, length of formal instruction, language use and vocabulary size, on the L2 learners’ perceptual performance. Twenty-nine adult Portuguese learners of English were tested on six English vowels (/iː ɪ ɛ æ ɜː ʌ/) with two tasks, differing in stimulus type, i.e., in the lexical status of trials (real words and pseudo words) in which the target vowels were auditorily presented. The testing stimuli consisted of 72 trials with real CVC words and 72 trials with pseudo CVC words, naturally produced by two speakers of standard southern British English (SSBE). The L2 vocabulary size of the participants was measured with two receptive vocabulary size tests and the language background data, viz. age of learning, length of formal instruction and L2 use was collected with a questionnaire. Results confirmed the Portuguese learners’ difficulties in accurately categorizing the target vowels, particularly when identifying the vowel target sounds embedded in pseudo words, which suggests that L2 phonological categories may be established after lexical forms. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between L2 language use and accurate perception of four of the target vowels, which indicates that the more frequently learners use the target language, the more accurate is their L2 English vowel perception.
Rehabilitation of neurogenic bladder and bowel after spinal cord injury
Authors: Kim Jung Hwan , Seo Jeong-Hwan
Published: October 2020

Neurogenic bladder and bowel refers to the dysfunction of bladder and bowel caused by neurogenic etiology. Spinal cord injury is a major cause of this dysfunction, which seriously affects the injured person’s quality of life. The injury causes not only motor weakness of abdominal and perineal muscles, but also sensory changes and autonomic dysfunction of bladder and bowel. Spinal cord injuries involve multiple systems, and thus affect the normal functioning of the bowel and bladder in several ways: difficulty in urination and defecation, frequent or infrequent voiding, decrease of the sensation of fullness, incontinence, autonomic dysreflexia, perineal hygiene, deterioration of renal function, fecal impaction, psychological burden, etc. Thus, this review aims to provide updated practical guidance for the evaluation and management of neurogenic bowel and bladder by the clinicians who want to provide better care for their patients. Management of neurogenic bowel and bladder starts with carefully recording the patient’s history, including their bowel habits prior to the spinal injury. In general, evaluation of the neurogenic bladder requires more clinical tests than for the neurogenic bowel. The patients’ problems can be alleviated by adopting various measures: proper daily water and food intake, simultaneous pharmacologic treatments for the bowel and bladder, physiologic reflexes, bladder catheterization, rectal irrigation, surgical measures, etc. Priority should be given to the management of the neurogenic bladder with clean intermittent catheterization and decompression of the bladder pressure, and management of the neurogenic bowel by pharmacological treatment.
Pharmacotherapy of migraine prevention based on the assessment of headache
Authors: Im Hee-Ji , Cho Soo-Jin
Published: October 2020

Migraine as a recurrent, relapsing, and chronic disease is one of the most disabling disorders globally. Most patients are women in their reproductive age and their migraines are classified as episodic migraine. Although less than half of the episodic and most chronic migraineurs require preventive intervention, early discontinuation rates are high, owing to poor tolerability and insufficient awareness about migraine. This article aims to review the recent update of migraine prevention based on the practice guidelines for the prevention of episodic migraine published by the Korea Headache Society and the position statement of the American Headache Society in 2019. The goal of migraine prevention is to reduce migraine attack frequency by at least 50 %, the number of migraine days, and the attack severity to ultimately improve quality of life. The guidelines recommend considering the initiation of preventive medication when recurring migraines significantly interfere with daily life or when acute treatment is contraindicated or inappropriate. Preventive medications should be determined based on various qualified assessments. Pharmacologic treatments are recommended for migraine prophylaxis include antidepressant (amitriptyline), anti-epileptic drugs (topiramate, divalproex sodium), beta-blockers (propranolol, metoprolol), calcium channel blocker (flunarizine), and intramuscular injection of onabotulinumtoxin A. Furthermore subcutaneous or intravenous injection of calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies was recently approved as a new therapy for migraine prevention. Migraine is a chronic debilitating disorder. The initiation of evidence-based preventive management is necessary and management methods should be individually selected to improve quality of life.
Meassevuring E-Service Quality, Satisfaction and Loyalty of Customer in the Online Channel of the Modern Retail
Authors: Miranda Veloso Cláudia , Magueta Daniel , Barbosa Sousa Bruno , Carvalho José Luís
Published: October 2020

Currently, the Internet has become a fitting channel for the trade of products. Gradually traditional and modern retail are using the online platform to sell their products. In this sense, the central aim of this study is to assess customer satisfaction and loyalty in relation to the e-commerce of the retail Auchan brand by analyzing the dimensions of the quality of the e-service, namely with regard to the placement and delivery of the order. The results obtained show that customers are satisfied with the online services of Auchan Famalicão (Portugal), showing greater preference and satisfaction with the Drive service.
Seasonal analysis of submicron aerosol in Old Delhi using high
resolution aerosol mass spectrometry: Chemical
characterisation, source apportionment and new marker
identification
Authors: Cash James M. , Langford Ben , Di Marco Chiara , Mullinger Neil , Allan James , Reyes-Villegas Ernesto , Joshi Ruthambara , Heal Mathew R. , Acton W. Joe F. , Hewitt Nick , Misztal Pawel , Drysdale Will , Mandal Tuhin K. ,   Shivani, Gadi Ranu , Nemitz Eiko
Published: October 2020

Abstract. We present the first real-time composition of submicron particulate matter (PM1) in Old Delhi using high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry (HR-AMS). Old Delhi is one of the most polluted locations in the world, and PM1 concentrations reached ~ 600 µg m−3 during the most polluted period, the post-monsoon, where PM1 increased by 178 % over the pre-monsoon period. Using positive matrix factorisation (PMF) to perform source apportionment analysis, two burning-related factors contribute the most (35 %) to the post-monsoon increase. The first PMF factor, semi-volatility biomass burning organic aerosol (SVBBOA), shows a high correlation with earth observation fire counts in surrounding states which links its origin to crop residue burning. The second is a solid-fuel OA (SFOA) factor with links to local open burning due to its high composition of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and novel AMS measured marker species for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Two traffic factors were resolved, one hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) factor and another nitrogen-rich HOA (NHOA) factor. The N compounds within NHOA were mainly nitrile species which have not previously been identified within AMS measurements. Their PAH composition suggests that NHOA is linked to diesel, and HOA to compressed natural gas and gasoline. These factors combined make the largest relative contribution to primary PM1 mass during the pre-monsoon and monsoon periods, while contributing the second highest in the post-monsoon. A cooking OA (COA) factor shows strong links to the secondary factor, semi-volatility oxygenated OA (SVOOA). Correlations with co-located volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements and AMS measured organic nitrogen oxides (OrgNO) suggest SVOOA is formed from aged COA. It is also found that a significant increase in chloride concentrations (488 %) from pre-monsoon to post-monsoon correlates well with SVBBOA and SFOA suggesting that crop residue burning and open waste burning are responsible. A reduction in traffic emissions would effectively reduce concentrations across most of the year. In order to reduce the post-monsoon peak, sources such as funeral pyres, solid waste burning and crop residue burning should be considered when developing new air quality policy.
A study of the effect of aerosols on surface ozone through meteorology
feedbacks over China
Authors: Qu Yawei , Voulgarakis Apostolos , Wang Tijian , Kasoar Matthew , Wells Chris , Yuan Cheng , Varma Sunil , Mansfield Laura
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Interactions between aerosols and gases in the atmosphere have been the focus of an increasing number of studies in recent years. Here, we focus on aerosol effects on tropospheric ozone that involve meteorological feedbacks induced by aerosol-radiation interactions. Specifically, we study the effects that involve aerosol influences on the transport of gaseous pollutants and on atmospheric moisture, both of which can impact ozone chemistry. For this purpose, we use the UK Earth System Model (UKESM1) with which we performed sensitivity simulations including and excluding the aerosol direct radiative effect (ADE) on atmospheric chemistry, and focused our analysis on an area with high aerosol presence, namely China. By comparing the simulations, we found that ADE reduced the shortwave radiation by 11 % in China, and consequently led to lower turbulent kinetic energy, weaker horizontal winds and a shallower boundary layer (with a maximum of 102.28 m reduction in north China). On the one hand, the suppressed boundary layer limited the export and diffusion of pollutants, and increased the concentration of CO, SO2, NO, NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 in the aerosol rich regions. The NO / NO2 ratio generally increased and led to more ozone depletion. On the other hand, the boundary layer top acted as a barrier that trapped moisture at lower altitudes and reduced the moisture at higher altitudes (the specific humidity was reduced by 1.69 % at 1493 m averaged in China). Due to reduced water vapor, fewer clouds were formed, and more sunlight reached the surface, so the photolytical production of ozone increased. Under the combined effect of the two meteorology feedback methods, the annual average ozone concentration in China declined by 2.01 ppb (6.2 %), which was found to bring the model in closer agreement with surface ozone measurements from different parts of China.
An Estimate of Global, Regional and Seasonal Cirrus Cloud
Radiative Effects Contributed by Homogeneous Ice Nucleation
Authors: Mitchell David L. , Mejia John , Garnier Anne , Tomii Yuta , Krämer Martina , Hosseinpour Farnaz
Published: October 2020

Abstract. There are two fundamental mechanisms through which cirrus clouds form; homo- and heterogeneous ice nucleation (henceforth hom and het). The relative contribution of each mechanism to ice crystal production often determines the microphysical and radiative properties of a cirrus cloud. This study attempts to estimate the radiative contribution of hom relative to het by constraining the cloud microphysics in a climate model to conform with satellite retrievals of cirrus cloud effective diameter De, where the sampled cirrus cloud base had a temperature T