bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demographic Characteristics and Risk Factors for HIV and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infection in Pregnancy at a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Ochima O , Randawa AJ , Adaji SE , Ogbu GI
Published: July 2020

Hepatitis and TB co-infection in PLWHA is now a major source of co-morbidity and of public health concern. HIV and Hepatitis are two viruses with overlapping epidemics and shared routes of transmission. The clinical course of HCV is accelerated in patients with HIV with resultant end-stage Liver disease as a major cause of death. Most studies in my environment failed to identify significant risk factors for HCV infection thus making intervention difficult. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among consecutive consenting HIV positive pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of ABUTH-Zaria Nigeria. Relevant information was obtained using a structurally administered questionnaire while Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay Biotech Laboratories UK was used for anti Hepatitis C antibodies assay. Twenty four of the 285 samples tested positive for anti HCV antibodies giving a co-infection rate of 8.4%. Lack of formal education was associated with HCV-HIV co-infection (p <0.05), odds ratio (OR) 2.5; 95%CI 0.97-6.97. The possible risk factors analyzed including previous blood transfusion and injecting drug use were not associated with HIV- HCV co-infection (p>0.05). This study revealed a high HCV co-infection with significant association with non-formal educational status. Improving female education may be one important strategy for its prevention.
Correlates of HIV Risky Sexual Behaviours in an Era of Antiretroviral Therapy Scale‐Up: A Cross-Sectional Study among the Adult General Population in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Bako I A , Anyanti J O. , Roca-Feltrer A
Published: July 2020

Analyses of HIV incidence in Nasarawa State Nigeria estimate that most of the new HIV infections occur among persons who reported low HIV risk including couples. The study was aimed at identifying the factors that predict risky sexual behavior among the general population in Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Data analysis was carried on a total of 801 respondents sampled from the general population of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The original sample was obtained through a two-stage cluster sampling technique using probability proportionate to size. The primary outcome variable was risky sexual behavior. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between the outcome and selected Sociodemographic and other independent variables. Females were 54.2% of the total sampled population analysed, the mean age of the respondents was 29.8 years (SD: 10.3). About two-third of the respondents engaged in risky sexual behaviours (65.9%) but only 4.7% considered themselves to be at high risk of HIV. The multivariable regression analysis showed that factors associated with risky sexual behaviour included : been male sex [OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.436-0.915], married [OR: 0.26: 95% CI: 0.163 - 0.419], rural resident [OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.775 to 1.871 ], age 20-24 [OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.113 - 3.360] and 25-29 years [OR: 2.34; 95% CI: 1.267-1.308]; and knowledge of HIV [OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.056-2.108].There is a need to urgently intensify media campaigns, community-based interventions including one on one communications to reduce risky sexual behaviours.
Pattern of Presentation and Diagnostic Profile of Patients Attending a Mental Health Facility in North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Amedu M A , Obekpa I O , Oyigeya M , Iorfa E A , Agbara E A
Published: July 2020

Despite significant advances in the diagnoses and treatment of mental illnesses, it remains shrouded in mystery, myth, and superstition particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This is often reflected in delayed presentations, frequent relapse and non-treatment, with dire consequences on affected individuals, family, and society. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of presentation and diagnoses of psychiatric illness among attendees of a psychiatric facility in a tertiary hospital in North-Central Nigeria. This was a descriptive, explorative, cross-sectional study. A pro forma was designed to obtain information about patients’ socio-demographic variables, diagnoses, duration of untreated illness, GAF Score and other clinical data, from case files, spanning over a three year period. A total of 720 case files were analyzed with 54% of the patients being male. Only 66(9.2%) comprised of children and adolescents with 83% making up the adult population and 7.5% being elderly (60 years and above). While 129(17.9%) were employed (government and self), most (88%) of the patients reside within the state. Only 12.2% were clinically stable at 6 months follow-up assessment even though most (79.3%) of the patients had absconded at 6months follow-up. Mean duration of untreated illness was 117.5 weeks (SD±226.3) (approximately 2.3years) with Psychotic disorders predominating 355(41.8%). Only 13.4% were diagnosed with depression and 0.6 % mental retardation. Mean GAF score at presentation was 43.23(SD±14.87), a reflection of illness severity at presentation. Mental illness is a common occurrence, however, the majority of patients only present when symptoms become severe or when patients become disruptive. Mental disorders of childhood and old age are particularly underrepresented, underscoring the need for more public enlightenment programs that are geared towards detection, early presentation, treatment and stigma reduction.
Invasive Sino-Orbital Aspergillosis in an Immunocompetent Patient
Authors: Okolo OM , Bot GM , Onyedibe IK , Shilong DJ , Alfin DJ , Adoga AS , Dahal AS , Ogbe ME , Egah ZD , Binitie OP
Published: July 2020

Invasive aspergillosis that involves intra-orbital and intracranial extension occurs in immunodeficient and immunocompetent patients resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. We report the case of a 38year old farmer who had recurrent fronto-ethmoidal mucocoele and proptosis of the left eye. She presented with a history of hypertension and no other significant findings on examination. Computer tomography scan of the brain showed a left fronto-orbital uniform contrast-enhancing extra-axial lesion with thickened peripheral capsule and an associated left fronto-orbital skull defect. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis did not show any sign of infection. Intra-operative biopsy sample showed cheesy material which on culture grew Aspergillus species that was identified further using molecular methods. Antifungal agents were used to treat the patient. The present case strongly suggests that it is possible to control intracranial aspergillosis with a combination of surgery and antifungal chemotherapy.
Co -occurring Mental Disorders among In-patients in a Substance use Disorder Treatment Center in Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Makput D M
Published: July 2020

Patients with psychoactive substance use disorders (SUD) often have co- occurring medical and mental disorders. This occurs as a result of a number of factors, for instance, drug abuse may facilitate the full expression of a latent psychiatric disorder; mental disorder may lead to SUD (drugs used for self- medication; or both SUD and mental disorders are caused by the same underlying brain deficit such as genetic vulnerability, neurotransmitter abnormality, structural or functional abnormality, and so on. After obtaining ethical clearance, the case notes of all patients who were admitted in the Centre for Addiction Treatment and Research, (CATR) Vom, Plateau state throughout the first quarter of year 2019 were traced. A systematic random sample of every third consecutive patient was selected beginning with the first patient admitted and relevant data were collected and analyzed. A total of fourty- eight (48) in-patients were analyzed. Ninety -four percent (94%) of the patients were males, the mean age of 23.6 + 5 years with 46% being below 25 years of age. Fourty-six percent (46%) had cannabis as their primary drug followed by alcohol (32%) and opioids (28%). Only 1 % had a history of injecting drug use. Twenty-nine percent (29%) of the SUD patients had co-occurring depression, nine percent (8%) had anxiety disorder, and five percent (4%) had Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in addition to their substance use disorder. In line with sustainable development goals (SDG) goal 3.5 which seeks to “strengthen prevention and treatment of substance abuse including narcotics drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol”; identifying co-occurring mental disorders among patients with substance use disorders is one way of moving closer towards achieving this SDG.
Lipid Profile of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Albino Rats Treated with Aqueous Extracts of Nauclea latifolia
Authors: Ochalefu D O , Adoga G I , Luka L D , Abu H A , Olaniru O B
Published: July 2020

In recent times there has been a steady increase in researches aimed at searching for plant agents that can be used in the management of diabetes mellitus and its complications with minimal side effects compared with the anti-diabetic drugs in the pharmaceutical market. This work is on the effect of aqueous extracts ofNauclea latifolia plant on serum lipid profile in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. Thirty mature male Wistar albino rats were divided into six treatment groups of five rats each. Group A was normal control and group B was streptozotocin-induced diabetic control. Groups C, D and E were streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats treated daily with 500mg / kg. body weight of aqueous extracts of stem-bark, leaves and root-bark of Nauclea latifolia respectively. Group F was streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats treated daily with 5mg / kg. body weight of glibenclamide and the treatment was for 28 days. The serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerol of the rats were determined using assay kits from Agape Diagnostic, Switzerland while very low density lipoprotein cholesterol was determined by calculation according to the method of Burstein and Samaile (1960). The low density lipoprotein cholesterol was estimated using the method of Friedwald, Levy and Fredrickson (1972) which entails differential subtraction of the sum of the cholesterol fractions from the total cholesterol. The parameters were analyzed using One- way Analysis of Variance with the level of significance determined by least significant difference. The streptozotocin-induced diabetic control rats had their serum levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerol significantly elevated compared with the normal control. Nauclea latifolia aqueous extracts brought about significant reduction of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels in the diabetic treated rats. The outcome of this work indicates that Nauclea latifolia aqueous extracts have ameliorating effect on diabetic complications due to high serum lipid profile levels.
Species Composition of Mosquitoes from Boarding School Dormitories in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Omoregie A O , Omoregie M E , Adetimehin A D , Aigbodion F I
Published: July 2020

This study investigated the distribution, species composition, and sex ratio of indoor resting mosquitoes alongside their relationship with climatic conditions in school dormitories located in Egor, Oredo and Ikpoba-okha Local Government Areas (LGAs) respectively in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Indoor resting mosquitoes were collected with the aid of a sweep net and mechanical aspirator from randomly selected school dormitories between 08.00hr and 11.00hr from November (2011) to June (2012). The mosquitoes collected were identified using published morphological identification keys. A total of 766 mosquitoes containing four species: Culex quinquefasciatus (n=724; 94.5%), Anopheles gambiaes.l. (n=37; 4.8%), Culexannulioris (n=4; 0.5%) and Anopheles funestus (n=1; 0.1%) in descending order of importance, were collected. Cx.quinquefasciatus was the most predominant mosquito species in school dormitories across the three LGAs. Cx. annulioris and An. gambiaes.l were most abundant in school dormitories located in Oredo and Ikpoba-okha LGAs respectively. An.funestus occurred only in school dormitories located in Oredo LGA. Analysis of the relationship between meteorological data and species abundance varied significantly (P<0.05) only among An. gambiaes.l with rainfall. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in the sex ratio for all species obtained from the various locations except An. gambiae and Cx. annulioris in dormitories located in Oredo LGA Results of this study revealed the high presence of mosquito-borne disease risk within the school dormitories and environ, and therefore, the urgent need for properly planned, executed and regular evaluation of control measures.
Surveys of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Sus scrofa domesticus (Domestic Pig) in Ushongo Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria.
Authors: Yaji A D , Fayum K T , Onah I E
Published: July 2020

Gastrointestinal parasites are responsible for substantial loss of productivity in livestock production. This study was carried out with the aim of determining the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of pigs in Ushongo LGA of Benue State, Nigeria over a period of three months Four hundred fecal samples were collected from the rectum of pigs and screened using the simple tube floatation and tube sedimentation techniques. An overall prevalence of 33.5% was observed. A total of 9 parasite species were isolated. Ascaris, Fasciola, Taenia solium, Trichuris suis, Hymenolepsis, Isospora suis, Strongyloides, Eimeria Spp and Hookworm had a prevalence of 24.17%,16.48%, 19.78%, 6.59%, 1.09%, 3.29%, 18.69%, 6.59%, 3.29%respectively.This study reveals that gastrointestinal parasites are relatively low in Ushongo L.G.A. Further investigation should be carried out to study the impact of parasitic infestation of pigs on public health in the study area.
KONTRIBUSI KEHARMONISAN KOMUNIKASI DALAM KELUARGA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN MORALITAS REMAJA/PEMUDAvDI GEREJA PANTEKOSTA DI INDONESIA (GPdI) JEMAAT PERJUANGAN MEDAN TAHUN 2018
Authors: Pardede Marioga
Published: July 2020

This study aims at finding out the Contribution of HarmoniousCommunication in the Family to the Development of Youth Morality in the Church of the Pentecostal Church in Indonesia (GPdI) in Perjuangan Medan in 2018.The population of this study is youth community in GPdi –Perjuangan Medan and the total number is 60 peopleconsisting of 23 boys and 37 girls. Sample of study is 30 persons, consisting 12 boys and 18 girls.  The findings of this research show that  : (1) tendency of harmonious communication in family (X) of the youth of GPdI Perjuangan Medan is categorized “good” (40%); (2) tendency of moral development (Y) is also categorized “good” (40%); (3) Significant contribution of harmonious communication in family to the development of morality is rcount: rtable is 0.467 > 0.288. It shows that the hypothesis proposed is received, the harmonious communication in family contributes significantly to the development of youth morality. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant contribution of harmonious communication in family to the development of youth morality of GPdI Perjuangan Medan in 2018.
MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK GURU NON KEPENDIDIKAN
Authors: Pardede Lukman
Published: July 2020

This study aims at improving the pedagogical competence of non-educational background teachers in compiling learning plans through the academic supervision of principals.This research was began on March 2019 and ended on May 2019. The subject of this research is 6 teachers. This research was conducted in SMA N 17 Medan in which themethod used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) referring to F. X. Sudarsono who said that one activity consists of 4 cycles; they are:planning, acting, observing and reflecting. This research covered in two cycles. Data analysis was done by using qualitative method taken by observing during the implementation by using field note, meanwhile the quantitative data was taken by comparing the average score of pre-test and post-test. After pre-cycles, cycle I and cycle II, it canbe concluded that there is significant improvement from cycle I to cycle II. The dimension of the formulation of learning objective indicators for the initial 30% increased to be 65% in cycle I and increased again significantly to 90%. The dimensions of the determination of teaching materials and learning materials were initially 40% increased to 70% in the first cycle and increased again to 90% in the second cycle. The strategy selection dimension and learning method from 30% in the initial data to 60% in the first cycle, increased again to 80% in the second cycle. The dimensions of the method selection and learning tools depict the initial data 35%, but in the first cycle increased to 65% and increased significantly again in the first cycle to 85%. In the learning evaluation planning dimension, the initial data description is 30%, the first cycle becomes 65%, increasing again to 80% in cycle II. The implicationn of this research is that academic supervision activities are very well done to foster teachers in improving their competence. It is recommended that this activity be carried out in a planned and sustainable manner, to measure the teacher's ability in implementingthe learning plan prepared.
POLA KOMUNIKASI KELOMPOK AGAMA DALAM PENCEGAHAN PENYEBARAN UJARAN KEBENCIAN DI KECAMATAN MEDAN POLONIA PADA PEMILIHAN PRESIDEN TAHUN 2019
Authors: Perwirawati Elok , Simamora Prietsaweny Riris T , Sinaga Lestari Victoria
Published: July 2020

This research was inspired by many hate speech cases on social media that massively occurred ahead of the presidential election in 2019. The purpose of this study was to determine the communication patterns of religious groups in preventing the spread of hate speech and the group communication process carried out by religious leaders towards their groups about preventing the spread of hate speech in Medan Polonia District. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The subjects of this study are religious leaders and members of their groups in Medan Polonia District. The sampling technique is by purposive sampling. The results showed that each religious group (Hindu, Protestant Christian, Buddhist and Islamic) had different communication patterns one to another. There are various ways conveyed by the religious leaders in minimalizing their religious members in expressing hate speech in social media. (1) Hindu religious groups tend to have relatively closed network communication networks in terms of politics to avoid the disunity the Hindu’s fellow and also urge their groups to enhance their group mutual respect. (2) The Buddhist group, in its worship process, did not touch the political issues and prefer to discuss issues of security and the economy. (3)Contastively, an open and active communication network is easily found in Christian groups who are oftenly tend to accommodate their group's development with circulation of hate speech on social media, for example by utilizing whatsapp applications, and discussed it in prayer groups. (4) However, religious leader of Islamic religious groups provide themselves as filters in their network communication to avoid any communication containing hate speech so that for his group religious leaders become role models / patrons to behave.
ETNOGRAFI KOMUNIKASI PADA MASYARAKAT BATAK TOBA DI KABUPATEN SAMOSIR PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA MENGENAI ANALISIS TINDAK TUTUR DALAM UPACARA KEMATIAN SAURMATUA
Authors: Hernawaty Hernawaty , Purba Nancy Angelia
Published: July 2020

This research is aimed to know the type of speech act used in the death ceremony of Saurmatua Batak Toba and also defined the culture value in it. Method of research used is descriptive qualitative. The technique of data collection is observation, Interview, and literature. The technique of data analysis is to prepare the object of analysis, identifying and translating the data into Bahasa Indonesia, observing words and sentences, classifying the data, and then taking a conclusion. The research result found that there 41 illocution speech act, which is in the type of (1) directive act requesting, orders, asking, forcing, suggesting in 21 data or 511,22%, (2) representative act such as confessing, reporting, speculating in 16 data or 39,02%, and (3) expressive act such as thanking and criticizing in 4 data or 9,76%. Speech act in death ceremony of Saurmatua in Batak Toba Ethnicity is dominant by directive speech act.
UPAYA PENYELESAIAN KREDIT BERMASALAH PADA LEMBAGA PERBANKAN
Authors: Yasid Muhammad , Ramayanti Risha
Published: July 2020

Impaired credit can cause the disturbance of the continuity of business activities circulation in a Bank and in the end it can cause the disturbance of banking financial liquidity. When a Bank liquidity decreases, it can decrease its credibility level that it can affect people/customer/investor’s trust who will invest in the Bank. Based on this background, the researchers were interested in the problem that encouraged them to do a research entitled “The Efforts on the Recovery of Loss Credit in Banking Institution” This research applied Constructivism Paradigm with descriptive and prescriptive as the nature. The source of data was library study. The data analysis method used by the researchers was descriptive qualitative. The results of the study showed that  in the efforts of the recovery of loss credit, there were three (3) main activities done: through the parties’ agreement as the best way for both parties to recover it, the saving of the loss credit and/or the recovery through legal way. The purpose of recovering the loss credit was to save the bank funds invested in the form of loss credit by paying attention to the debtor’s business condition which still had good prospect. It was hoped that the saving could recover the quality of the credit from “loss” collectability to “doubtful”. From “doubtful” to “bad” , from ‘substandard” to “pass”.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAM ASSISTED INDIVIDUALIZATION (TAI) BERBANTUAN EKSPERIMEN TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS
Authors: Panjaitan Jelita , Simangunsong Ika Trisni , Damanik Dede Parsaoran , Hulu Alpianis
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

This study aims at determining the significant effect of  Team Assisted Individualization learning model with experimental assistance on science process skills on the subject matter of measurement in class X semester I of the Belawan Conscience High School Academic Year  2019/2020. This type of research is a quasi-experimental study to determine whether there is any influence or consequences of something caused by the subject, that is students. The population of this study is all students of class X semester I of SMA Belawan Conscience consisting of 4 classes. Class X-1 is as an Experiment class amounted to 25 people who were taught with the Team Assisted Individualization learning model assisted with experiments and Class X-3 as a control class amounted to 25 people who were taught by direct learning. The instruments in this study amounted to 8 items in the form of essays that have been tested for validity, reliability, difficulty level, and different power. From the results of the study, it was obtained that the sample came from a homogeneous population and was normally distributed. The research results obtained an average value of experimental pretest lower than the average value of the control class pretest. From the results of the two-party t test obtained t count < t table shows that the initial ability of the two classes is the same. Then given a different treatment and then held a post-test. After being tested, the average Team Assisted Individualization score is higher than the average value of Direct Instruction. The results of one-party t test results obtained t count > t table, this shows that there is a significant influence/effect on the use of the Team Assisted Individualization learning model assisted with experiments on science process skills in the subject matter of measurement in class X semester I of SMA Nurani Belawan Academic Year 2019/2020.
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN SAYUR PELENG (Spinacia oleracea) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR PADA BERBAGAI MULSA
Authors: Marpaung Robert G. , Pasaribu Boy
Published: July 2020

This study aims at determing the response of growth and production of peleng vegetables to the application of liquid organic fertilizer in various mulch. The study was conducted on land located in Simalingkar A Medan with a height of ± 32 m above sea level, began from May to August 2017. The research method used a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors. The first factor is the dose of NASA liquid organic fertilizer (P) which consists of 3 levels of treatment, namely: P0 = control, P1 = 3 ml / l water and P2 = 6 ml / l water. The second factor is the provision of mulch (M) which consists of three types, namely: M0: without mulching, M1: rice straw mulch and M2: black silver plastic mulch (MPHP). The results showed that the treatment of NASA liquid organic fertilizer up to 6 ml / l water significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight of plants per sample, fresh weight of plants per plot, dry weight of plants per sample and dry weight of plants per plot, but differed not markedly on the relative growth rate of plants. The treatment of organic mulch and black silver mulch significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight of plants per sample, fresh weight of plants per plot, dry weight of plants per sample and dry weight of plants per plot, but not significantly different to the relative growth rate of plants. The interaction between NASA's liquid organic fertilizer treatment and mulch administration had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, plant fresh weight per sample, plant fresh weight per plot, plant dry weight per sample, plant dry weight per plot and relative plant growth rate
Komunikasi Pembangunan dalam Pendampingan Komunitas Peternak Sapi Perah
Authors: Sakuntalawati L.V. Ratna Devi
Published: July 2020

The assistance of the dairy farmers community in implementing the use of herbal probiotics as an innovation program requires communication. This program is a behavior change program in dairy farming by farmers. The communication needed is intensive between companion and community. This is an interaction between the two because of cooperation. Collaboration because of the same interest, so it must be communicated. It also requires communication that can lead to collective action, because there is participation in the process of change / development. Communication is a feature of development communication. Therefore, the aim of the study is to explain development communication in the assistance of the community of dairy farmers. The method used is qualitative research methods. The study was conducted in the village of Nogosaren, Getasan sub-district, Semarang Regency. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The population is 932 breeders, which are used to attract informants as research samples. The technique of collecting data using in-depth interviews. The results of the study indicate that the interaction between companion and community requires a centralized model of communication to collaborate. There are three main elements in centralized communication, which are contained in mentoring activities. Mentoring activities about program socialization are elements of physical reality. Mentoring activities on identifying community problems, awareness of farmers to improve livestock cultivation, application of herbal probiotic innovations including supporting elements of use and how to procure supporting elements, are elements of psychological reality. Mentoring activities on community agreements in the implementation of procurement of support for the use and use of herbal probiotics are an element of social reality. In social reality, there is a community's interest in engaging in activities that are not separated from their basic needs, namely, increasing milk yields to increase income. Discussion of research results; development communication, which is communication for change, is needed in every assistance. All realities which are the main elements are used to convey information needed by the community, educational efforts for the community, increasing knowledge and increasing skills to be able to implement the program. The four stages carried out by the companion contained communication. The conclusion of the study is development communication or communication for change using a centralized communication model. This model colors the entire farmer community assistance activities, because in the mentoring steps there are elements of a centralized communication model, namely physical, psychological and social reality.
ANOMALI HETERODOKSA DALAM PRAKTIK KOMUNIKASI KELOMPOK MANTONGAN PADA PRODUKSI GARAM RAKYAT DI SURABAYA
Authors: Rosyidi Moch Imron , Guntoro Budi , Raya Alia Bihrajihant , Rasyid Erwin
Published: July 2020

Produksi garam rakyat di Surabaya mengandalkan Mantongan buruh produksi garam asal madura sebagai ujung tombak produksi. Hal tersebut dikarenakan masyarakat asli Surabaya sudah tidak mau bekerja di sektor Agrokompleks (Pertanian, Perikanan dan kelautan, Peternakan). Dalam praktiknya terdapat sebuah relasi sosial antara Mantongan dengan juragannya hingga membentuk struktur sosial. Pierre Bourdieu berpendapat bahwa selalu terdapat Doksa  untuk memperkuat kedudukan dalam struktur sosial. Doksa tersebut akan hilang jika muncul suatu Heterodoksa dalam suatu struktur masyarakat, dengan sayarat struktur tersebut melemah. Dalam relasi komunikasi produksi garam rakyat tersebut perlu dilihat sebuah interaksi dari agen yang didominasi dan mendominasi. Maka dari itu penelitian ini ingin menganalisis bagaimana heterodoksa dan doksa beroperasi dalam habitus relasi komunikasi antara Mantongan dengan Juragannya. Metode penelitian ini adalah Critical Aproach Qualitative dengan informan Mantongan dan Juragannya. Landasan teori yang akan digunakan adalah Paraktik Sosial Pierre Bourdieu dimulai dari bagaimana habitus bisa terbentuk, kemudian penjelasan mengenai heterodoksa dan ortodoksa dan doksa dalam praktik komunikasi kelompok. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berkebalikan dengan konsep Bourdieu tentang Heterodoksa, hanya akan dapat tercapai ketika kondisi struktur sosial melemah. Dalam komunikasi pada arena produksi garam ini, justru mantongan melakukan perlawanan dalam tekanan juragannya. Konsep doksa dan ortodoksa disini tidak berlaku lagi ketika mantongan sudah dalam titik nadir. Hasil tersebut menjadi sebuah anomali dalam sebuah praktik sosial menurut Pierre Bourdieu.
Qual a influência da gestão familiar no custo de financiamento da dívida? Análise em companhias com estrutura de propriedade familiar
Authors: Moura Geovanne Dias de , Lanzarin Jovani , Mazzioni Sady , Macêdo Francisca Francivânia Rodrigues Ribeiro
Published: July 2020

O estudo verificou a influência da gestão familiar no custo de financiamento da dívida de companhias com estrutura de propriedade familiar. Realizou-se pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa e documental, com consulta aos Formulários de Referência, banco de dados Economática e site da B3, utilizando-se de dados de 2012 a 2016. As companhias foram classificadas como familiares quando o último acionista controlador era uma família. Para identificar o tipo de gestão investigou-se a participação das famílias na diretoria executiva e no conselho de administração. O custo da dívida foi calculado pela razão entre despesas financeiras e passivo oneroso médio. Constatou-se que as variáveis que captavam a existência de gestão familiar eram estatisticamente significantes e com coeficientes negativos, denotando que a gestão familiar influenciava para redução do custo de financiamento da dívida. Assim, a pesquisa adiciona contribuições para a literatura com evidências empíricas relativas ao cenário brasileiro, ainda carente de pesquisas dessa natureza.
Would Population Aging Change the Output Effects of Fiscal Policy?
Authors: Honda Jiro , Miyamoto Hiroaki
Published: July 2020

Would population aging affect the effectiveness of fiscal stimulus? Despite the renewed focus on population aging, there are few empirical studies on the output effects of fiscal policy in aging economies. Our study fills this gap by analyzing this issue in OECD countries. We find that, as population ages, the output effects of fiscal spending shocks are weakened. We also find that, while high-debt countries generally face weaker fiscal multipliers, high-debt aging economies face even weaker multipliers. These results point to important policy implications: population aging would call for a larger fiscal stimulus to support aggregate demand during recession and thus require larger fiscal space to allow a wider swing of the fiscal position without creating concerns for fiscal sustainability. Our analysis also suggests that policy measures to promote labor supply could help increase the output effect of fiscal stimulus in aging economies.
Fiscal Resilience Building
Authors: Ouedraogo Rasmané , Tapsoba Rene , Sow Moussé , Compaoré Ali
Published: July 2020

Does the reliance on diversified tax structure enhance resilience to fiscal risks? This paper gives an answer to this question by proposing a new cross-country tax revenue diversification index (RDI). The RDI builds on the Theil index, and unlike the few existing tax diversification indices, which are constructed only at the state level for the US, is computed at the national level, covering a broad panel of 127 countries over the period 2000-15. We find suggestive evidence that tax revenue diversification reduces tax revenue volatility, thus bringing to the data long-held views about the prominence of tax revenue diversification for fiscal resilience strengthening. While exploring the drivers of the RDI, we find that tax revenue diversification is not just a reflection of economic diversification, but also an outcome of macroeconomic, political and institutional factors. Interestingly, a non-monotone relationship is also at play between the RDI and economic development, with countries’ portfolio of tax sources getting more diversified as their economy develops, until a tipping point, where richer countries start finding it harder to diversify further their tax revenue sources.
Who will Bear the Brunt of Lockdown Policies? Evidence from Tele-workability Measures Across Countries
Authors: Brussevich Mariya , Dabla-Norris Era , Khalid Salma
Published: July 2020

Lockdowns imposed around the world to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are
having a differential impact on economic activity and jobs. This paper presents a new index
of the feasibility to work from home to investigate what types of jobs are most at risk. We
estimate that over 97.3 million workers, equivalent to about 15 percent of the workforce, are
at high risk of layoffs and furlough across the 35 advanced and emerging countries in our
sample. Workers least likely to work remotely tend to be young, without a college education,
working for non-standard contracts, employed in smaller firms, and those at the bottom of the
earnings distribution, suggesting that the pandemic could exacerbate inequality. Crosscountry
heterogeneity in the ability to work remotely reflects differential access to and use of
technology, sectoral mix, and labor market selection. Policies should account for
demographic and distributional considerations both during the crisis and in its aftermath.
Montenegro
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic will hit Montenegro hard, as tourism is a key industry. Fiscal space has eroded in recent years due to large public capital outlays, and the COVID-19 crisis is creating new budgetary strains as health spending and other expenditures rise, while the economic contraction lowers revenues.
Home is the new gym: exergame as a potential tool to maintain adequate fitness levels also during quarantine
Authors: Cortis Cristina , Giancotti Giuseppe Francesco , Rodio Angelo , Bianco Antonino , Fusco Andrea
Published: July 2020

Purpose

With the coronavirus outbreak, the preventive measures include staying at home and isolation, increasing sedentary behaviours and risk for worsening of chronic diseases. To explore alternative forms of home-based physical activity, the study aim was to evaluate physiological (heart rate [HR], respiratory exchange ratio [RER], oxygen consumption [V̇O2], Energy expenditure [EE], metabolic equivalent task [MET]) and psychological (session rating of perceived exertion [sRPE], enjoyment) parameters of real (Zumba® class [ZC]) and exergame (Zumba® Fitness Rush [ZFR]) activities in relation to sex.

Methods

Overall, 12 female (age: 24.7 ± 0.9 years) and 8 male (age: 25.3 ± 2.1 years) college students randomly performer 2 experimental 60-min sessions, ZC and ZFR, during which HR (expressed as percentage of individual maximal HR [%HRmax]), V̇O2, RER, MET and EE were measured. After each session, sRPE and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) were used to monitor exercise intensity and enjoyment, respectively.

Results

Main effects for sex (p = 0.02) and modality (p < 0.0001) emerged for %HRmax, with women showing higher values than men and ZC showing higher values than ZFR. EE presented main effects for sex (p < 0.0001) and modality (p = 0.0002), with higher values in men and in ZC. Main effect (p = 0.0001) for modality emerged also for V̇O2 and MET, with higher values
in ZC regardless of sex. No significant differences were observed for RER, sRPE, or PACES.

Conclusions

Although ZC elicited higher cardiovascular and metabolic responses, ZFR, classified as a moderate-to-vigorous activity, could be used to maintain regular physical activity in a safe home environment during the coronavirus crisis.
Shear wave elastography of the uterine cervix under different conditions with inter-operator agreement analysis
Authors: Gemici Aysegul Akdogan , Gulsever Aycan Boluk , Tunca Aysun Fendal , Hocaoglu Elif , Inci Ercan
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a relatively new technique for measuring tissue elasticity. Its implementation for assessing the tissue of the cervix is evolving, and SWE analyses of healthy, nonpregnant cervixes is the first step in understanding other SWE changes related to cervical pathologies; nevertheless, some challenges in the use of the technique still require investigation. We aimed to target the consistency of healthy cervix shear wave elastography measurements and examine the changes induced by patient-related factors.

Material and methods

Elastograms were obtained at the internal and external os in the anterior (IA, EA) and posterior (IP, EP) portions of the cervix using a transvaginal approach in eight postmenopausal and 25 premenopausal women. Measurements with a standard deviation of over 20% and patients who presented with colour loss or heterogeneity were excluded from the study. Shear wave elastography assessments were performed using a Toshiba Aplio 500 version 6. Statistical significance was defined as a p value less than 0.10, due to the small number of patients.

Results

The mean speeds obtained at the external os on the anterior and posterior aspects was 3.17 ± 0.85 m/s and 3.18 ± 0.84 m/s, respectively, and at the internal os, the results on the anterior and posterior aspects were 3.38 ± 0.73 m/s and 3.53 ± 0.81 m/s, respectively. The difference in speed among all regions was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Fifteen patients were also analysed by a second radiologist with a similar experience level as that of the first. Nine measurements for IP, 13 measurements for IA, 11 measurements for EP, and 15 measurements for EA were performed. The correlation coefficients between the two sets of measurements were 0.46, 0.30, 0.67, and 0.51, respectively. There was no difference in the SWE values with respect to age, parity, and gravidity for any of the regions. The SWE values at the IA, IP, and EA regions between the postmenopausal and premenopausal women were significantly different (p = 0.038, p = 0.059, p = 0.065).

Conclusions

The posterior portion of the internal os is most likely to undergo inaccurate SWE measurement among the different anatomical positions. The correlation between radiologists was found to be different for different locations in the cervix. More studies are needed to determine the SWE values of the healthy cervix and the agreement levels between radiologists.
The relationship between FDG PET/CT-defined metabolic parameters and the histopathological subtype of oesophageal carcinomas
Authors: Korkmaz Ulku , Hacioglu Muhammet Bekir , Kostek Osman , Sut Necdet , Kodaz Hilmi , Erdogan Bulent , Ustun Funda , Saynak Mert , Tastekin Ebru , Cicin Irfan , Durmus-Altun Gulay
Published: July 2020

Purpose

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomo­graphy (CT) scan is accepted as a standard tool in the staging of oesophageal cancer (OC). Histological subtype of tumour is known to be a major determinant of prognosis and metabolic behaviour. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of histological subtypes of OC on standard uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumour volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) obtained by PET/CT, and also to compare this effect with prognosis.

Material and methods

Images and clinical course data of 57 patients who were diagnosed with EC and treated in our hospital between 2009 and 2016 were evaluated in a retrospective manner. PET/CT images were re-analysed in terms of metabolic parameters, and observations were compared with histological subtypes.

Results

No significant difference was observed between histological subtypes with SUVmax, overall survival (OS), or progression-free survival (PFS). Thus, MTV was observed to be related with histological subtype; MTV values of adenocancer patients were significantly higher than those of squamous cell cancer patients.

Conclusions

Metabolic tumour volume was related with histological subtype of OC, but clinical staging, TLG, and SUVmax values were not related with histological subtype, which may suggest the use of MTV as a routine parameter for OC and inclusion of MTV observations in prognostic scoring.
Effects of Thermodynamics, Dynamics and Aerosols on Cirrus
Clouds Based on In Situ Observations and NCAR CAM6 Model
Authors: Patnaude Ryan , Diao Minghui , Liu Xiaohong , Chu Suqian
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Cirrus cloud radiative effects are largely affected by ice microphysical properties, including ice water content (IWC), ice crystal number concentration (Ni) and mean diameter (Di). These characteristics vary significantly due to thermodynamic, dynamical and aerosol conditions. In this work, a global-scale observation dataset is used to examine regional variations of cirrus cloud microphysical properties, as well as several key controlling factors, i.e., temperature, relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi), vertical velocity (w), and aerosol number concentrations (Na). Results are compared with simulations from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6). The differences between simulations and observations are found to vary with latitude and temperature. Specifically, simulations are found to underestimate IWC by a factor of 5–30 in all regions. Simulated Ni is overestimated in most regions except Northern Hemisphere midlatitude and polar regions. Simulated Di is underestimated, especially for warmer conditions (−50 °C to −40 °C) and higher Na, possibly due to less effective ice particle growth/sedimentation and weaker aerosol indirect effects, respectively. For RHi effects, the frequency and magnitude of ice supersaturation is underestimated in simulations for clear-sky conditions, and the simulated IWC and Ni show maximum values at 80 % RHi instead of 110 % as observed. For w effects, both observations and simulations show variances of w (σw) decreasing from tropics to polar regions, but simulations show much higher σw for in-cloud condition than clear-sky condition. These findings provide an observation-based guideline for improving simulated ice microphysical properties and their relationships with key controlling factors at various geographical locations.
In situ measurement of CO2 and CH4 from aircraft over northeast China and comparison with OCO-2 data
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , Duan Minzheng , Gao Yang , Han Rui , Ji Denghui , Zhang Wenxing , Chen Nong , Xia Xiangao , Liu Hailei , Huo Yanfeng
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Several satellites have been launched to monitor the
increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, especially CO2 and
CH4 in the atmosphere, through backscattered hyperspectral radiance in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) band. The vertical profiles of greenhouse gases and aerosols could strongly affect the results from these instruments. To investigate the effects of the vertical distribution of CO2 on the uncertainty of SWIR satellite retrieval results, we conducted observations of the vertical profiles of CO2, CH4 and aerosol particles at 0.6–7 km above sea level using a Beechcraft King Air 350ER in Jiansanjiang (46.77∘ N, 131.99∘ E), Heilongjiang Province, northeast China, on 7–12 August 2018. The profiles from this aircraft captured a decrease in CO2 from 2 km to the minimum altitude due to the absorption
of vegetation at the surface in summer. CH4 measurements showed about a
0.2 ppm increase from 2.0 to 0.6 km on 10 August, which may result from
emissions from the large area of paddy fields below, and a constant mole
fraction between 1.951 and 1.976 ppm was recorded at 2 km and above. Comparison of CO2 profiles from a new version of the
carbon cycle data assimilation system Tan-Tracker (v1), retrievals from
OCO-2 and aircraft measurements was conducted. The results from OCO-2 and
the assimilation model system Tan-Tracker captured the vertical structure of CO2 above 3 km, whereas below 3 km the values from OCO-2 and
the Tan-Tracker model were lower than those from in situ measurements.
Column-averaged CO2 volume mole fractions calculated from in situ
measurements showed biases of -4.68±0.44 ppm (-1.18±0.11%) compared to OCO-2 retrievals.
Hysteretic temperature sensitivity of wetland CH4 fluxes explained by substrate availability and microbial activity
Authors: Chang Kuang-Yu , Riley William J. , Crill Patrick M. , Grant Robert F. , Saleska Scott R.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from wetlands are likely increasing and important in global climate change assessments. However, contemporary terrestrial biogeochemical model predictions of CH4 emissions are very uncertain, at least in part due to prescribed temperature sensitivity of CH4 production and emission. While statistically consistent apparent CH4 emission temperature dependencies have been inferred from meta-analyses across microbial to ecosystem scales, year-round ecosystem-scale observations have contradicted that finding. Using flux observations and mechanistic modeling in two heavily studied high-latitude research sites (Stordalen, Sweden, and Utqiaġvik, Alaska, USA), we show here that substrate-mediated hysteretic microbial and abiotic interactions lead to intra-seasonally varying temperature sensitivity of CH4 production and emission. We find that seasonally varying substrate availability drives lower and higher modeled methanogen biomass and activity, and thereby CH4 production, during the earlier and later periods of the thawed season, respectively. Our findings demonstrate the uncertainty of inferring CH4 emission or production from temperature alone, and highlight the need to represent microbial and abiotic interactions in wetland biogeochemical models.