bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Settling Law of Drill Cuttings in Drilling Fluids
Authors: Hou Zhaokai , Yuan Yuan , Chen Ye , Jiang Enyuan , Wang Huaishan , Zhang Xu
Published: November 2023

During the drilling process, cuttings settle under the action of gravity, which easily results in the formation of a cuttings bed, which then results in wellbore cleaning problems. The settling law of cuttings in drilling fluid is essentially a problem of solid–liquid two-phase settling. This study analyzes and summarizes the effects of the wall effect, the rheology of the fluid, particle shape irregularity, and particle concentration on the settling rate of particles and clarifies the problems faced by current research on the settling rate of particles and the development direction. Studies have shown that walls exert additional blocking effects on particles, thus reducing their settling velocity. The shear thinning effect of non-Newtonian fluids such as power-law fluids and Herschel–Bulkley fluids will reduce the viscosity of the liquid, thus increasing the settling velocity of the particles. Compared with spherical particles, irregular particles will obtain higher resistance in the fluid, leading to a decline in the particle settling velocity. The mutual interference between particles will result in an increase in the drag force on the particles and a decline in the settling velocity. However, when the particles are aggregated, the settling velocity will increase. This study can provide theoretical guidance for predicting the migration law of cuttings during the drilling of horizontal wells, and it has important significance for enriching the theory of solid–liquid two-phase flow.
Advances in Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) Manufacturing: Green Extraction Techniques from Natural Sources
Authors: Susa Francesca , Pisano Roberto
Published: November 2023

Ascorbic acid (AA), or vitamin C, is one of the most important vitamins consumed through the diet due to its critical role in many biological processes. Although the human body cannot synthesize it, AA is essential in maintaining healthy bodily structure, acting as a cofactor of many enzymes involved in collagen synthesis and an efficient immune system. At the same time, AA is used in the cosmetic field for its antioxidant and antipigmentary properties, in the food industry as additive, and in chemical synthesis as reducing agent. AA can be chemically synthesized, produced by the oxidative fermentation of bacteria, or extracted from natural sources. This review addresses the most recent developments in its manufacture, including techniques for extracting vitamin C from plants, fruits, vegetables, algae, and leaves, and focusing on the most commonly used green methods, i.e., ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. These methods are based on mild extraction conditions, environmentally friendly solvents, low time, cost, and energy consumption. In contrast, their extraction yields are comparable to or even higher than those of conventional methods.
Boosting Biodiesel Production from Dairy-Washed Scum Oil Using Beetle Antennae Search Algorithm and Fuzzy Modelling
Authors: Salameh Tareq , Rezk Hegazy , Issa Usama , Kamarudin Siti Kartom , Abdelkareem Mohammad Ali , Olabi Abdul Ghani , Alkasrawi Malek
Published: November 2023

The major goal of this study was to develop a robust fuzzy model to mimic the generation of biodiesel from the transesterification of dairy-washed milk scum (DWMS) oil. Four process parameters were considered: the molar ratio of methanol to oil, the concentration of KOH, the reaction temperature, and the reaction time. The proposed technique was divided into two steps: fuzzy modelling and optimum parameter identification. The capability of fuzzy tools to capture and make use of linguistic variables and fuzzy sets is one of their main benefits. This means that fuzzy logic allows for the representation and manipulation of values that fall across a continuum rather than merely relying on crisp values or binary categories. When dealing with non-linear relationships, this is especially helpful since it gives a more accurate and nuanced depiction of the underlying data. As a result, an accurate fuzzy model was initially built based on collected data to simulate the biodiesel production in terms of the molar ratio of methanol to oil, the concentration of KOH, the temperature of the reaction, and the reaction duration. In the second phase, the beetle antennae search (BAS) algorithm was applied to identify the optimal values of the process parameters to boost the production of biodiesel. The BAS algorithm draws inspiration from beetle behavior, particularly how they navigate using their antennae. It employs a swarm-intelligence method by deploying virtual beetles that swarm over the problem area in search of the best solution. One of its main features is the BAS algorithm’s capacity to balance exploration and exploitation. This is accomplished through the algorithm’s adaptable step-size mechanism during the search phase. As a result, the algorithm can first investigate a large portion of the problem space before gradually moving closer to the ideal answer. Compared with ANOVA, and thanks to fuzzy, the RMSE decreased from 7 using ANOVA to 0.73 using fuzzy (a decrease of 89%). The predicted R2 increased from 0.8934 using ANOVA to 0.9614 using fuzzy (an increase of 7.6). Also, the optimisation results confirmed the superiority of the BAS algorithm. Biodiesel production increased from 92% to 98.16%.
A Deep Learning Framework for Anesthesia Depth Prediction from Drug Infusion History
Authors: Chen Mingjin , He Yongkang , Yang Zhijing
Published: November 2023

In the target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol and remifentanil intravenous anesthesia, accurate prediction of the depth of anesthesia (DOA) is very challenging. Patients with different physiological characteristics have inconsistent pharmacodynamic responses during different stages of anesthesia. For example, in TCI, older adults transition smoothly from the induction period to the maintenance period, while younger adults are more prone to anesthetic awareness, resulting in different DOA data distributions among patients. To address these problems, a deep learning framework that incorporates domain adaptation and knowledge distillation and uses propofol and remifentanil doses at historical moments to continuously predict the bispectral index (BIS) is proposed in this paper. Specifically, a modified adaptive recurrent neural network (AdaRNN) is adopted to address data distribution differences among patients. Moreover, a knowledge distillation pipeline is developed to train the prediction network by enabling it to learn intermediate feature representations of the teacher network. The experimental results show that our method exhibits better performance than existing approaches during all anesthetic phases in the TCI of propofol and remifentanil intravenous anesthesia. In particular, our method outperforms some state-of-the-art methods in terms of root mean square error and mean absolute error by 1 and 0.8, respectively, in the internal dataset as well as in the publicly available dataset.
A Deep Learning Approach for Automatic and Objective Grading of the Motor Impairment Severity in Parkinson’s Disease for Use in Tele-Assessments
Authors: Singh Mehar , Prakash Prithvi , Kaur Rachneet , Sowers Richard , Brašić James Robert , Hernandez Manuel Enrique
Published: November 2023

Wearable sensors provide a tool for at-home monitoring of motor impairment progression in neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study examined the ability of deep learning approaches to grade the motor impairment severity in a modified version of the Movement Disorders Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) using low-cost wearable sensors. We hypothesized that expanding training datasets with motion data from healthy older adults (HOAs) and initializing classifiers with weights learned from unsupervised pre-training would lead to an improvement in performance when classifying lower vs. higher motor impairment relative to a baseline deep learning model (XceptionTime). This study evaluated the change in classification performance after using expanded training datasets with HOAs and transferring weights from unsupervised pre-training compared to a baseline deep learning model (XceptionTime) using both upper extremity (finger tapping, hand movements, and pronation–supination movements of the hands) and lower extremity (toe tapping and leg agility) tasks consistent with the MDS-UPDRS. Overall, we found a 12.2% improvement in accuracy after expanding the training dataset and pre-training using max-vote inference on hand movement tasks. Moreover, we found that the classification performance improves for every task except toe tapping after the addition of HOA training data. These findings suggest that learning from HOA motion data can implicitly improve the representations of PD motion data for the purposes of motor impairment classification. Further, our results suggest that unsupervised pre-training can improve the performance of motor impairment classifiers without any additional annotated PD data, which may provide a viable solution for a widely deployable telemedicine solution.
Automatic Alignment Method for Controlled Free-Space Excitation of Whispering-Gallery Resonances
Authors: D’Ambrosio Davide , Capezzuto Marialuisa , Giorgini Antonio , Malara Pietro , Avino Saverio , Gagliardi Gianluca
Published: November 2023

Whispering-gallery mode microresonators have gained wide popularity as experimental platforms for different applications, ranging from biosensing to nonlinear optics. Typically, the resonant modes of dielectric microresonators are stimulated via evanescent wave coupling, facilitated using tapered optical fibers or coupling prisms. However, this method poses serious shortcomings due to fabrication and access-related limitations, which could be elegantly overcome by implementing a free-space coupling approach; although additional alignment procedures are needed in this case. To address this issue, we have developed a new algorithm to excite the microresonator automatically. Here, we show the working mechanism and the preliminary results of our experimental method applied to a home-made silica microsphere, using a visible laser beam with a spatial light modulator and a software control.
The Correlation of Two Different Real-Time PCR Devices for the Analysis of CYP2C19 Pharmacogenetic Results
Authors: Alonso Llorente Alba , Salgado Garrido Josefa , Teijido Hermida Oscar , González Andrade Fabricio , Valiente Martín Alberto , Fanlo Villacampa Ana , Vicente Romero Jorge
Published: November 2023

CYP2C19 is a highly polymorphic gene responsible for the metabolism of commonly used drugs. CYP2C19*1, the wild-type allele, is associated with normal enzyme activity, whereas CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*17 lead to null and increased enzyme activity, respectively. The use of different instruments to perform the same pharmacogenetic tests should not affect the reliability of the results reported to clinicians, as required by the ISO 15189 standard. Genotyping assays allowed for the identification of gene variants corresponding to the CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*17 haplotypes in 44 selected samples. Each sample was analyzed in duplicate using the Thermo Fisher Taqman Drug Metabolism probes CYP2C19*2: c_25986767_70 (rs4244285) and CYP2C19*17: c_469857_10 (rs12248560). The experiments were performed on two widely used types of real-time PCR analyzers: ABI PRSIM™7500 and QuantStudioTM12KFlex (both from Applied Biosystems, Thermofisher). The data were analyzed in a Thermo Fisher Cloud facility. The analysis was performed independently by two qualified professionals. Both different instruments and analysts’ interpretations were consistent in identifying the native homozygous, heterozygous, and mutant homozygous variants for CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*17. The results provided by both the primary and backup analyzers showed a perfect correlation. This would allow for the use of the backup analyzer in case the main one is not available.
Identification of a One Health Intervention for Brucellosis in Jordan Using System Dynamics Modelling
Authors: Taha Haitham , Smith Carl , Durham Jo , Reid Simon
Published: November 2023

Brucellosis occurs because of a complex multisector system involving the interplay between animal production and human behavior. A better understanding of transmission dynamics helps pinpoint the most effective interventions to reduce human and animal cases. Modeling methodologies have not been applied extensively to brucellosis. This study applies system dynamics modeling to identify the interplay between the different sectors that drive disease transmission and identify One Health interventions to control brucellosis. The study applies a quantitative system dynamics modeling methodology based on a qualitative in-depth analysis of the Brucella transmission system in Jordan. The data are analyzed manually to establish causal pathways to develop a stock and flow (SF) model. The structure is examined and reviewed by key informants. Several intervention scenarios to control Brucella transmission is assessed. Brucella transmission among sheep and between farms and markets are the main drivers of human incidence. Farmers’ visits to veterinary clinics are a critical intervention point for control associated with access to vaccination. The vaccination of sheep and health education activities alone might not be an effective strategy. Testing and culling sheep is the most efficient individual control strategy for animal incidence and a combination of public and animal health strategies (One Health) is the most effective strategy to reduce human incidence. The synthesis of current knowledge through the system dynamics model enables better understanding, visualization, and interpretation of the sectors involved in Brucella transmission. There is a strong synergy between sectors; therefore, greater control might be provided by utilizing multi-sectoral relationships embedded in the system.
Potential Linkage between Heavy Metal Pollution Risk Assessment and Dissolved Organic Matter Spectra in the WWTPs-River Integrated Area-Case Study from Ashi River
Authors: Dai Taoyan , Li Zhijun , Wang Liquan , Li Tienan , Qiu Pengpeng , Wang Jun , Song Haotian
Published: November 2023

Direct sewage discharge can cause severe damage to the water environment of the river. However, the impacts of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the discharge on the original pattern of DOM and the distribution of heavy metals (HMs) in the river are little known. How to monitor such areas in a long-term and systematic manner also needs to be urgently addressed. In this paper, we characterized the DOM of the sediments in the WWTPs (wastewater treatment plants)-river integrated zone by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis), three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) combined with parallel factor (PARAFAC) method. The effects of WWTP on receiving waters were investigated, and the potential link between DOM and HM pollution was explored. Hg (Igeo: 3.94 ± 0.65; EF: 44.83 ± 31.11), Cd (Igeo: 1.81 ± 0.69; EF: 8.02 ± 2.97), Cu (Igeo: 1.61 ± 0.83; EF: 6.85 ± 2.37), Zn (Igeo: 1.55 ± 0.54; EF: 7.24 ± 3.58), and Ni (Igeo: 1.46 ± 0.56; EF: 6.12 ± 1.99) in rivers were the primary risk sources of HM. The combined pollution risk indicates that the WWTPs-river integrated area is in a high pollution risk state. Moreover, α(254) has a significant correlation with pollution indicators and can be used as a proxy indicator. These results help to understand better the impact of WWTPs on receiving water bodies and the potential connection between DOM and HM pollution and provide new ideas for monitoring the water environment in highly polluted areas.
Association between Urinary BPA Substitutes and Precocious Puberty among Girls: A Single-Exposure and Mixed Exposure Approach from a Chinese Case—Control Study
Authors: Bigambo Francis Manyori , Wang Dandan , Sun Jian , Ding Xinliang , Li Xiuzhu , Gao Beibei , Wu Di , Gu Wei , Zhang Mingzhi , Wang Xu
Published: November 2023

There is an argument that BPA substitutes may have the same or more deleterious health effects as BPA due to their structural similarity. This study explored the association between urinary BPA substitutes and precocious puberty among girls by including 120 girls with precocious puberty (cases) aged 2–10 years enrolled at Nanjing Children’s Hospital Department of Endocrinology in China between April 2021 to September 2021 and 145 healthy girls (controls) recruited from a primary school. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of single exposures, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quantile-based g-computation were used for the mixed effect. In the multivariate logistic regression, BPS (bisphenol S), TBBPA (tetrabromobisphenol A), and BPFL (bisphenol-FL) were significantly associated with increased risk of precocious puberty (odds ratio (OR) = 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 2.76, p = 0.014), (OR = 1.46, CI: 1.06, 2.05; p = 0.023), and (OR = 1.47, CI: 1.01, 2.18; p = 0.047), respectively. The BMKR and quantile-based g-computation models revealed consistent associations for single exposures and there was insufficient evidence for the associations of the mixed exposure of bisphenols with precocious puberty. In conclusion, BPA substitutes such as BPS, TBBPA, and BPFL may be associated with an increased risk of precocious puberty in girls.
Mechanism of Interaction between hsa_circ_0002854 and MAPK1 Protein in PM2.5-Induced Apoptosis of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Hong Jinchang , Tan Yi , Wang Yuyu , Wang Hongjie , Li Caixia , Jin Wenjia , Wu Yi , Ni Dechun , Peng Xiaowu
Published: November 2023

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution increases the risk of respiratory diseases and death, and apoptosis is an important factor in the occurrence of respiratory diseases caused by PM2.5 exposure. In addition, circular RNAs (circRNAs) can interact with proteins and widely participate in physiological and pathological processes in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of circRNA and protein interaction on PM2.5-induced apoptosis of human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) in vitro. In this study, we exposed human bronchial epithelial cells to a PM2.5 suspension with different concentration gradients for 24 h. The results showed that apoptosis of 16HBE cells after PM2.5 treatment was accompanied by cell proliferation. After exposure of PM2.5 to 16HBE cells, circRNAs related to apoptosis were abnormally expressed. We further found that the expression of hsa_circ_0002854 increased with the increase in exposure concentration. Functional analysis showed that knocking down the expression of hsa_circ_0002854 could inhibit apoptosis induced by PM2.5 exposure. We then found that hsa_circ_0002854 could interact with MAPK1 protein and inhibit MAPK1 phosphorylation, thus promoting apoptosis. Our results suggest that hsa_circ_0002854 can promote 16HBE apoptosis due to PM2.5 exposure, which may provide a gene therapy target and scientific basis for PM2.5-induced respiratory diseases.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Electronic Cigarette Use among U.S. Young Adults
Authors: Olaniyan Afolakemi C. , Nabors Laura A. , King Keith A. , Merianos Ashley L.
Published: November 2023

(1) Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which are potentially traumatic childhood events, have been associated with increased tobacco product use. Less is known about electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use during young adulthood. This study explored the associations between ACEs and current e-cigarette use among U.S. young adults. (2) Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data including 2537 young adults aged 18–24 years. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were conducted. (3) Results: Of the participants, 19.2% currently used e-cigarettes, and 22.1% reported 1 ACE, 13.0% reported 2 ACEs, 10.7% reported 3 ACEs, and 30.6% reported ≥4 ACEs. Unadjusted results indicated that participants who experienced 1 ACE (odds ratio (OR) = 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–3.07), 2 ACEs (OR = 2.18, 95%CI = 1.24–3.83), 3 ACEs (OR = 2.63, 95%CI = 1.41–4.90), and ≥4 ACEs (OR = 3.69, 95%CI = 2.23–6.09) were at increased odds of reporting current e-cigarette use than participants who experienced 0 ACEs. Adjusted results indicated that participants who experienced 3 ACEs were at 2.20 times higher odds (95%CI = 1.15–4.23) and participants who experienced ≥4 ACEs were at 2.73 times higher odds (95%CI = 1.58–4.71) of reporting current e-cigarette use than participants who experienced 0 ACEs. (4) Conclusions: Young adults exposed to ACEs are at risk of using e-cigarettes.
Effective Use of Sugarcane-Bagasse-Derived KOH-Activated Biochar for Remediating Norfloxacin-Contaminated Water
Authors: Zhou Yan , Lan Yongtao , Short Michael Douglas , Shi Juanjuan , Zhang Qiugui , Xu Junhao , Qian Gujie
Published: November 2023

Bagasse-derived biochar (SCB750) was prepared at 750 °C using Chinese sugarcane bagasse as a carbon source and then modified with KOH for the removal of the antibiotic norfloxacin (NOR) from aqueous solutions. 3K-SCB750, prepared using a solid-to-liquid mass ratio of bagasse:KOH = 1:3, was found to have the best adsorption performance for NOR. Under the conditions of pH 5, 25 °C, 2.4 g L−1 adsorbent, and 300 mg L−1 NOR, its adsorption of NOR reached equilibrium (97.5% removal) after 60 min. The adsorption behaviours were in line with the quasi-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models, respectively. The maximum theoretical adsorption capacity reached up to 157.4 mg·g−1 at 40 °C. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of NOR onto 3K-SCB750 was a spontaneous, endothermic, and physical process. In addition, Brunauer−Emmett−Teller analysis (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy were conducted to investigate the structural and adsorption properties of 3K-SCB750. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was also applied to understand the mechanism of adsorption of NOR onto 3K-SCB750. All of the results indicated that 3K-SCB750 had a large specific surface area of 1038.8 m2·g−1, an average pore size of 1.9 nm, and hierarchical structures with random pores and cracks for efficient removal of NOR. NOR adsorption mechanisms on 3K-SCB750 were related to the pore-filling effect and electrostatic attraction. Therefore, 3K-SCB750 biochar may be used as a promising adsorbent of antibiotics in wastewaters.
Sleep disturbance in people living with dementia or mild cognitive impairment: a realist review of general practice
Authors: Aryankhesal Aidin , Blake Jessica , Wong Geoff , Megson Molly , Briscoe Simon , Allan Louise , Broomfield Niall M , Eastwood Zenahrai , Greene Leanne , Hilton Andrea , Killett Anne , Lazar Alpar S , Litherland Rachael , Livingston Gill , Maidment Ian , Reeve Joanne , Rook George , Scott Sion , Um Jinpil , van Horik Jayden , Fox Chris
Published: November 2023

Background

Sleep disturbance is a prevalent condition among people living with dementia (PLwD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Its assessment and management within primary care is complex because of the comorbidities, older age, and cognitive impairment typical of this patient group.

Aim

To explore how primary care clinicians assess, understand, and manage sleep disturbance for PLwD or MCI; if and why such initiatives work; and how people and their carers experience sleep disturbance and its treatment.

Design and setting

A realist review of existing literature conducted in 2022.

Method

Six bibliographic databases were searched. Context–mechanism–outcome configurations (CMOCs) were developed and refined.

Results

In total, 60 records were included from 1869 retrieved hits and 19 CMOCs were developed. Low awareness of and confidence in the treatment of sleep disturbance among primary care clinicians and patients, combined with time and resource constraints, meant that identifying sleep disturbance was difficult and not prioritised. Medication was perceived by clinicians and patients as the primary management tool, resulting in inappropriate or long-term prescription. Rigid nursing routines in care homes were reportedly not conducive to good-quality sleep.

Conclusion

In primary care, sleep disturbance among PLwD or MCI is not adequately addressed. Over-reliance on medication, underutilisation of non-pharmacological strategies, and inflexible care home routines were reported as a result of low confidence in sleep management and resource constraints. This does not constitute effective and person-centred care. Future work should consider ways to tailor the assessment and management of sleep disturbance to the needs of individuals and their informal carers without overstretching services.
Influencing Purchasing Decisions: The Interplay of Pricing and Product Quality for Garnier Facial Cleanser
Authors: Christianingrum Christianingrum
Published: November 2023

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of price and product quality on purchase decisions for Garnier products. This study is a quantitative descriptive research using multiple linear regression analysis with a sample of 100 respondents from the Pangkalpinang city community, selected through purposive sampling. The research results indicate that price has a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions; product quality has a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions; and both price and product quality have a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. The implications of this research are that companies need to understand that product quality and price are factors influencing purchase decisions. In this context, Garnier Company should develop more efficient and effective ways to compete with other companies, ensuring that purchase decisions are optimized.

Keywords: Pricing; Product Quality; Buying Decision; Garnier; Pangkalpinang
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI DARAH DOMBA DAN WAKTU INKUBASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Kusumawati Mutianingrum , Kurniati Iis , Dermawan Asep , Wahyuni Yeni , Setiaputri Irmawanty
Published: November 2023

Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) secara mikroskopis Gram positif berbentuk kokus berpasangan, mempunyai kapsul polisakarida, bersifat patogen menyebabkan infeksi pneumonia, bakteriemia, meningitis, dan otitis media akut. Pemeriksaan S. pneumoniae tumbuh pada media yang diperkaya seperti agar darah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui konsentrasi darah dan waktu inkubasi yang optimum untuk pertumbuhan S. pneumoniae. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimen dengan membandingkan konsentrasi darah 7%, 9% dan 12% dengan kelompok kontrol 5% yang diinkubasi pada 24 jam dan 48 jam. Diamati jumlah koloni, diameter koloni dan sifat alfa-hemolisis.  Data yang diperoleh diuji statistik dengan ANOVA. Hasil penelitian: Uji homogenitas keseluruhan nilai p ≥ 0.050. Hasil analisis secara statistik perbedaan jumlah S. pneumoniae berdasarkan konsentrasi dan waktu inkubasi diperoleh nilai F hitung 0,194 dan nilai signifikansi 0,900 lebih besar dari taraf signifikansi 0,050, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan Jumlah S. pneumoniae. Perbedaan diameter koloni S. pneumoniae berdasarkan konsentrasi dan waktu inkubasi diperoleh nilai F hitung 5,916 dan nilai signifikansi 0,002 lebih kecil dari taraf signifikansi 0,050, yang artinya dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan diameter koloni S. pneumoniae. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan uji statistik, menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi darah yang optimum untuk pertumbuhan S. pneumoniae adalah 12%, dan waktu inkubasi yang optimum adalah 48 jam.
HUBUNGAN NILAI C-REACTIVE PROTEIN DAN TRIGLISERIDA PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2
Authors: Marliana Nina , Ariko Sandhi Juli , Rohayati Rohayati , Khoirul Abror Yogi
Published: November 2023

Pada tahun 2019, pasien diabetes di seluruh dunia pada usia 20-79 tahun mencapai 463 juta orang, dengan tingkat prevalensi sebesar 9,3%.Prevalensi terbanyak adalah daiabetes tipe 2 sekitar 90%. Diabetes merupakan kondisi gangguan metabolik kronis dengan peningkatan kadar gula darah karena kelainan sekresi insulin sel beta pankreas, ketidaksesuaian kerja insulin. Tingginya insulin dan resistensi insulin pada Diabetes tipe 2 berdampak pada metabolisme lemak menyebabkan ketidaknormalan lipid seperti meningkatnya kadar trigliserida dalam plasma. Pada beberapa pasien diabetes terutama pasien dengan kelainan genetik pada metabolisme lipid, trigliserida akan meningkat secara ekstrim yang mengakibatkan peradangan pada pankreas. C-Reactive Protein yaitu protein fase akut diproduksi oleh hati sebagai respons inflamasi, bahkan pada obesitas menjadi penanda inflamasi kronis. C-Reaktif Protein merupakan penanda sensitif aktivitas inflamasi pada dinding arteri, merupakan prediktor penting terhadap risiko kardiovaskular dan merupakan penanda inflamasi yang paling stabil. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan nilai C-Reactive Protein dengan kadar Trigliserida pada penderita Diabetes tipe 2. Deskriptif observasi secara kuantitatif merupakan jenis penelitian yang digunakan. Desain penelitian ini survei analitik. Populasi adalah seluruh penderita Diabetes tipe 2 yang diperiksa di Laboratorium Klinik Pertama , sampel adalah 30 orang. Hasil penelitian selanjutnya dilakukan uji bivariat dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gambaran C-Reactive Protein 100% tinggi sedangkan, gambaran kadar Trigliserida menunjukkan 8 orang atau 26,7% kadar Trigliserida normal dan 22 orang atau 73,3% kadar Trigliserida tinggi. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman diperoleh nilai p sebesar 0.450 > 0.05, sehingga disimpulkan terdapat hubungan yang sangat lemah antara C-Reactive Protein dengan Trigliserida pada penderita Diabetes Melitus tipe 2.
ASUHAN KEBIDANAN KOMPREHENSIF PADA NY. A DENGAN PENERAPAN PAIN RELIEF METODE COUNTER PRESSURE
Authors: Salma Alifiya , Pulungan Yulinda
Published: November 2023

Asuhan kebidanan komprehensif merupakan asuhan yang berkesinambungan sejak masa kehamilan hingga masa nifas. Saat proses persalinan ibu mengalami rasa nyeri fisiologis, dikarenakan adanya kontraksi uterus. Agar rasa nyeri ini berkurang, bidan dapat memfasilitasi pemberian asuhan pain relief metode counter pressure. Asuhan ini dilakukan dengan penerapan evidence based melalui manajemen Varney, hingga dapat disusun menjadi laporan studi kasus. Asuhan ini di mulai sejak Maret hingga Mei 2023, yaitu ketika klien memiliki usia kehamilan 38 minggu hingga masa nifas. Asuhan ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Balubur Limbangan dan di rumah klien yaitu di Desa Dunguswiru. Ketika masa kehamilan, ibu mengalami ketidaknyamanan fisiologis trimester III yaitu pegal pada bagian pinggang dan kencang pada bagian perut. Lalu, pada masa persalinan penulis melakukan penerapan pain relief metode counter pressure yang dievaluasi menggunakan pengukuran skala nyeri numeric rating scale. Klien merespon baik, juga rasa nyeri yang dirasakannya berkurang dan merasa lebih nyaman. Selanjutnya, pada masa nifas tidak ditemukan masalah dan ibu memlih kontrasepsi suntik DMPA. Lalu pada asuhan bayi baru lahir, bayi mengalami penurunan berat badan sebanyak 200 gram pada minggu pertama, penurunan ini masih dalam batas normal karena bayi beradaptasi dengan dunia luar. Selama asuhan komprehensif dilakukan masih terdapat kesenjangan yang terjadi. Antara lain mengenai edukasi nutrisi yang kurang tepat, juga penulis kurang teliti dalam mengategorikan IMT hingga tidak mendeteksi adanya overweight. Setelah asuhan dilakukan, diharapkan bidan dapat menerapkan pain relief metode counter pressure dalam persalinan. Selain itu, bidan juga diharapkan memberikan edukasi sesuai dengan kebutuhan klien dan mendeteksi dini resiko yang dapat terjadi pada klien.
Evolution of Therapy for ANCA-Associated Vasculitis with Kidney Involvement
Authors: Rajasekaran Arun , Rizk Dana V.
Published: November 2023

ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) belongs to a group of small vessel systemic vasculitides characterized by granulomatous and neutrophilic inflammation of various tissues. Patients often have circulating autoantibodies targeting neutrophilic antigens. Although AAV was once associated with severe end-organ damage and extremely high mortality rates, the use of glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide led to a paradigm change in its treatment. Over the past 20 years, significant progress in understanding the immunopathogenesis of AAV has enabled development of targeted immunotherapies, providing a much better prognosis for patients. This review describes the evolution of treatment of AAV, particularly for patients with kidney involvement.
Misconceptions Towards Department of Education Advisory: A Challenge in the Philippine Education System
Authors: Aguilar Mark Gabriel , Islam Hasibul
Published: November 2023

To ensure teachers can provide quality education, it is essential to continuously enhance their knowledge and skills through professional development opportunities, including seminars and training programs. However, ensuring that teachers only attend quality professional development events is critical to preventing incompetence and promoting actual learning. In the Philippines, the Department of Education (DepEd) provides information about professional development opportunities through DepEd Advisories. Unfortunately, many educators misconstrue these as endorsements for events, publications, and other opportunities, although it is just information dissemination, leading to their vulnerability to predatory practices and the exploitation of the document. Issuance of a DepEd Advisory does not necessarily assure the legitimacy of an event or opportunity, and because of this, educators may invest in activities that are not beneficial to their students or careers.
The purpose of this study is to shed more light on this problem; the study has aimed to determine the knowledge and attitudes of Filipino educators towards DepEd Advisories and provide recommendations to address the misconceptions. It is crucial to correct these misconceptions and ensure that teachers can access quality professional development opportunities to provide the best education possible.
Methodology. The researchers’ employed descriptive research design and a quantitative research approach, involving 200 Filipino educators in various specializations who were randomly selected nationwide. A questionnaire was used as a data gathering tool, while to analyze and interpret data collected, frequencies, percentages, mean scores, T-Test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Pearson R were computed.
Results. The results highlight the lack of understanding among educators regarding DepEd Advisories. Data indicate that teachers often rely on the presence of DepEd Advisories when deciding to participate in professional development opportunities, considering the document as indicator of legitimacy and quality. However, this reliance exposes teachers to potential risks, as they may fall victim to predatory practices, including fraudulent research conferences, contentious awarding ceremonies, and fake publication opportunities, with the researchers’ observation that DepEd Advisories are also getting issued to questionable events or activities.
Conclusion. This research provides information towards the low level of knowledge among educators regarding DepEd Advisories and the misconceptions they hold about its issuance and purpose, which serves as a basis for policy planning and development to ensure that teachers are not deceived and will only access quality learning and development opportunities in the future.
Aphasia Rehabilitation: Decision Support Model
Authors: Claudia Simões Pinto da Cunha Lima  , Jeferson Andris Lima Lopes  , Victor Mascarenhas de Andrade Souza  , Sarah Leite Barros da Silva  , Ingrid Winkler  , Valter de Senna
Published: November 2023

Aphasia impacts functional communication, daily activities, and social relationships. Aphasia is treated with traditional therapeutic methods, which involve repeating language tests and observing the progress of their responses. Technology is being used to investigate the activities of the brain. However, some of these technologies are very robust, have high costs for implementation, and require a team of specialized professionals to handle them. This paper aims to develop an aphasia screening model to support the conventional therapy used by speech-language pathologists in rehabilitation centers. The model was created in the first instance to test the instruments and procedures, focusing on the brain activation of aphasic participants through the criteria of lesion location (affected hemisphere) and hemiparesis (right or left side). Furthermore, secondly, to support conventional therapy in the rehabilitation process of the aphasic. The model used electroencephalography (EEG) as a non-invasive instrument and object naming task as a linguistic test, described in the adult language paradigm proposed in 2017 by the American Society for Functional Neuroradiology. We tested the method with 11 aphasic participants diagnosed with post-stroke aphasia in rehabilitation. We conclude that the results can support the health professional’s decision in conventional therapy to adjust the conduct of language stimulationwith a personalized and monitored approach throughout the rehabilitation process.
3D Bioprinting and Characterization of Bioinks with Different Concentrations of Hyaluronic Acid Methacrylate (AHMA)
Authors: Caio Athayde de Oliva  , Arthur João Reis Lima Rodovalho  , Leonardo Santana Ramos Oliveira  , Lucca Ribeiro Alves  , Willams Teles Barbosa  , Ana Paula Bispo Gonçalves  , Jaqueline Leite Vieira  , Paulo Romano Cruz Correia  , Milena Botelho Pereira Soares  , Josiane Dantas Viana Barbosa
Published: November 2023

The 3D Bioprinting technique for tissue engineering has been constantly developed and generating different results due to the range of applicability of the technique. It is necessary to study and analyze matrices to use this technology, as an example of hydrogels, which are viable for use in conjunction with cells to create the bioink used in bioprinting, verifying their physicochemical properties, cellular reviews, and properties mechanics for the desired application. Based on this, this work aims to analyze these properties, focusing on the hyaluronic acid (HA) matrix in different concentrations during the manufacture of bioink for 3D bioprinting for future application in tissue engineering.
Study on the Technical and Economic Viability of a Polygeneration Energy System Applied to a Hospital Unit in Bahia’s Countryside, Brazil
Authors: Pedro Freire de Carvalho Paes Cardoso  , Turan Dias Oliveira  , Alex Álisson Bandeira Santos
Published: November 2023

The present study aims to propose a polygeneration system model, integrating multiple forms of energy generation, such as photovoltaic systems, heat pumps, and other existing storage models to be used in a small-sized hospital unit in Bahia’s countryside. A polygeneration system was developed through a basic Project of the individual components and their integration as a unified system. The COP value, energy saving, and macro investment predictions were calculated, and financial indicators such as payback time, VPL, and TIR were determined. The results showed that the proposed system can supply the hospital’s energy demands and be considered a stimulating investment.
Application of Generative Autoencoders in the Detection of Anomalies in Hypercompressors
Authors: Zoroastro Fernandes Filho  , Alex Álisson Bandeira Santos
Published: November 2023

Hypercompressors are essential assets that compress high-flow-rates of ethylene to pressures between 100~350 MPa in the LDPE industry. They are sources of essential risks and costs. This work proposes an unsupervised and univariate monitoring method for detecting anomalies in hypercompressors through data collected from an online monitoring system in an actual installation. A variational autoencoder learns the process of generating shapelets associated with vibrational patterns. A combination of matrix profile algorithms automatically selects the training data set. A β-VAE composed of MLP layers is trained and applied on the input space so that a voting operation and a box-cox transformation on the absolute residual errors between the inputs and outputs lead to the upper outlier detection threshold, obtained by the Tukey fence method. The model detected suspicious vibration patterns classified a priori as potential anomalies.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN, PENDIDIKAN, DAN PEKERJAAN DENGAN PEMILIHAN ALAT KONTRASEPSI IUD DI DESA GUNUNG MERAKSA
Authors: Selina Dian , Amlah Amlah , Dhamayanti Reffi , Desmansyah Desmansyah
Published: November 2023

Intra Uterine Device or commonly known as IUD is a contraceptive in the form of a small, silastic, with a sleeve or copper wire around it that is installed in the uterus which provides long-term protection against pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between anxiety levels, education, and work with the choice of IUD contraception in Gunung Meraksa Village, Lubuk Batang OKU District in 2023. This type of research was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional design or approach. The population in this study were all active family planning acceptors, totaling 385 respondents, the total sample being 80 respondents. The type of data uses primary data, the dependent variable is the selection of IUD contraception, the independent variables are anxiety level, education, and occupation. The results of bivariate research on the relationship between anxiety levels, education, and employment with the choice of IUD contraception based on the chi square statistical test anxiety level p-value 0.000 <0.05, education p-value 0.000 <0.05 and employment p-value 0.000 <0, 05 it can be concluded that there is a relationship between anxiety levels, education, and work with the selection of IUD contraception in Gunung Meraksa Village, Lubuk Batang District OKU in 2023. As for suggestions for village midwives in Gunung Meraksa village, it is expected that health workers/staff conduct education regarding IUD contraception both physically and face to face or with media that can be accessed.
THE EFFECT OF YOGA ON REDUCING ANXIETY LEVELS IN PREMENOPAUSE WOMEN AT PMB SUMIYATI
Authors: Apriyani Titin , Rahmadayanti Ade Marlisa , Purwani Rani
Published: November 2023

Premenopause is a transitional period between the reproductive period and the senium period. This period is called climacteric which is about 4 to 5 years before menopause. Premenopause is the entire fertile period before menopause occurs, namely the period from menarche to menopause. Symptoms in premenopausal women are feeling hot flashes, anxiety, insomnia, irritability, often forgetting. Anxiety that occurs in premenopausal women is something that is naturally experienced by every woman. Anxiety occurs because of the physical changes faced by most premenopausal women. One of the sports that can be done in premenopausal women is yoga. Yoga exercises balance the autonomic nervous system and are beneficial for lowering blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of yoga on reducing anxiety levels in premenopausal women at PMB Sumiyati in 2023. This study used a pre-experimental research design with a one group pre-post test design, which did not use a control group. The population in this study were women aged 40-50 years in the PMB Sumiyati area, with a sample of 10 respondents. The instrument used is a questionnaire. The results of the study of 10 respondents who had participated in yoga regularly showed that there was a decrease in anxiety levels compared to before doing yoga. Based on the results of the Chi Square Statistical Test, the p value = 0.002 <α = 0.05. This shows that there is an effect of yoga on reducing anxiety levels in premenopausal women at PMB Sumiyati in 2023.
Evaluation of electrical properties in anodized n-GaN grown on sapphire substrates at different anodization voltages
Authors: Kamio Gaku , Fujioka Hiroshi , Maeda Narihiko
Published: November 2023

n-GaN grown on sapphire substrates was anodized in an electrolyte solution at different voltages (2 and 4 V) for 3600 s, and the electrical properties of the anodized n-GaN were evaluated. The resistivity of the sample anodized at 2 V increased by a factor of 2.4 at RT, and that of the sample anodized at 4 V increased by a factor of 76 at RT The analysis of temperature dependent Hall effect measurements revealed that anodization changes original donor levels and/or generates energy levels depending on anodization voltages. Anodization has a possibility to transform GaN into GaON-like materials.
Photo-induced bending of chalcogenide glass fiber
Authors: Saitoh Akira , Ishibashi Yukihide , Wada Masaki , Mitsui Kazuki , Tanaka Keiji
Published: November 2023

Optical fibers of a typical chalcogenide glass, As2S3, can be sharply bent only by sideward irradiation of polarized light. The bending direction depends on the polarization; the fiber bends in the forward/backward directions of light propagation for bandgap light that is linearly-polarized orthogonal/parallel to the fiber axis. A reciprocity law between the intensity and the exposure time holds, which suggests that thermal effects are irrelevant. Alternatively, the bending appears to arise from photo-induced optomechanical forces and fluidity. This phenomenon could be developed to a photo-manipulation method of chalcogenide-glass fibers, promising for all-optical switching/modulation devices working at infrared wavelengths.
Correlation Between History of Type of Childbirth and Early Initiation of Breastfeeding with Exclusive Breastfeeding
Authors: Emiliana Farica , Hardjito Koekoeh , Titisari Ira , Rahmawati Rahajeng Siti Nur
Published: November 2023

Exclusive breastfeeding means breastfeeding until six months of age with no other additives except vitamins and medicine. Exclusive breastfeeding coverage in Kediri District (34.30%) is still below the national target (45%). Low breastfeeding coverage rates are influenced by many factors, including the history of childbirth and early initiation of breastfeeding. To prevent problems due to the failure of exclusive breastfeeding, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between the history of childbirth and early initiation of breastfeeding with exclusive breastfeeding. The sample size of the research was 49 respondents. The sampling method for this study used simple random sampling. The statistical test of chi square is used for data analysis. The results showed that most respondents had a history of spontaneous labor (69.4%) and early initiation of breastfeeding (69.4%), and also most respondents provided exclusive breastfeeding (51%). Statistical tests showed that there was no correlation between history of childbirth and exclusive breastfeeding (P 0.051) and there was a correlation between and early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding (P 0.010). Therefore, it has been found that mothers who received early initiation of breastfeeding measures had a greater chance of being able to provide exclusive breastfeeding. Through early initiation of breastfeeding, babies were able to learn to suckle and become accustomed to sucking on nipples, and also helping mothers to prepare their bodies to produce breast milk so they could start providing breast milk to their babies as early as possible and increasing the chances of successful exclusive breastfeeding.