bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of Bivalve Beds on Exposed Intertidal Flats Using Polarimetric SAR Indicators
Authors: Wang Wensheng , Gade Martin , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: October 2017

We propose new indicators for bivalve (oyster and mussel) beds on exposed intertidal flats, derived from dual-copolarization (HH + VV) TerraSAR-X, Radarsat-2, and ALOS-2 images of the German North Sea coast. Our analyses are based upon the Kennaugh element framework, and we show that different targets on exposed intertidal flats exhibit different radar backscattering characteristics, which manifest in different magnitudes of the Kennaugh elements. Namely, the inter-channel correlation’s real (K3) and imaginary (K7) part can be used to distinguish bivalve beds from surrounding sandy sediments, and together with the polarimetric coefficient (i.e., the normalized differential polarization ratio, K0/K4) they can be used as indicators for bivalve beds using multi-frequency dual-copolarization SAR data. Our results show that continuous bivalve bed monitoring is possible using dual-copolarimetric SAR acquisitions at all radar wavelengths.
Agricultural Policies and Their Impact on Poverty Reduction in Developing Countries: Lessons Learned from Three Water Basins in Cape Verde
Authors: Corral Serafin , Díaz Alayde , Monagas Maria , García Eduardo
Published: October 2017

Agriculture is the main driving force of rural economies so there is a need to promote sustainable rural development and hence improve the living conditions of local communities. This article analyses the role of agricultural policies in reducing poverty in rural communities. Two aspects will be analysed: firstly, whether there has been a reduction in poverty in the basins analysed for the period 2006–2013; and secondly, whether that poverty reduction, to the extent that it has occurred, has been due to the agricultural policies applied. The analysis shows that the agricultural policies implemented helped to diversify and enhance agricultural production, so that a reduction in effective poverty occurred. However, these policies need to work jointly and in harmony with other economic sectors.
Quantum Cramer–Rao Bound for a Massless Scalar Field in de Sitter Space
Authors: Rotondo Marcello , Nambu Yasusada
Published: October 2017

How precisely can we estimate cosmological parameters by performing a quantum measurement on a cosmological quantum state? In quantum estimation theory, the variance of an unbiased parameter estimator is bounded from below by the inverse of measurement-dependent Fisher information and ultimately by quantum Fisher information, which is the maximization of the former over all positive operator-valued measurements. Such bound is known as the quantum Cramer –Rao bound. We consider the evolution of a massless scalar field with Bunch–Davies vacuum in a spatially flat FLRW spacetime, which results in a two-mode squeezed vacuum out-state for each field wave number mode. We obtain the expressions of the quantum Fisher information as well as the Fisher informations associated to occupation number measurement and power spectrum measurement, and show the specific results of their evolution for pure de Sitter expansion and de Sitter expansion followed by a radiation-dominated phase as examples. We will discuss these results from the point of view of the quantum-to-classical transition of cosmological perturbations and show quantitatively how this transition and the residual quantum correlations affect the bound on the precision.
Solid-state studies and antioxidant properties of the γ-cyclodextrin·fisetin inclusion compound
Authors: Pais Joana M , Barroca Maria João , Marques Maria Paula M , Almeida Paz Filipe A , Braga Susana S
Published: October 2017

Fisetin is a natural antioxidant with a wide range of nutraceutical properties, including antidiabetic, neuroprotecting, and suppression or prevention of tumors. The present work describes the preparation of a water-soluble, solid inclusion compound of fisetin with gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD), a cyclic oligosaccharide approved for human consumption. A detailed physicochemical analysis of the product is carried out using elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman, infrared and 13C{1H} CP-MAS NMR spectroscopies, and thermal analysis (TGA) to verify fisetin inclusion and to present a hypothetical structural arrangement for the host–guest units. The antioxidant activity of the γ-CD·fisetin inclusion compound is evaluated by the DPPH assay.
Listening Effort: Order Effects and Core Executive Functions
Authors: Brännström K. Jonas , Karlsson Elisabeth , Waechter Sebastian , Kastberg Tobias
Published: October 2017

Background:Listening effort seems to depend on input-related listening demands and several factors internal to the individual listener. Input-related demands may be listening in noise compared with listening in quiet, and internal factors may be cognitive functions.Purpose:The
purpose was to apply measures of listening effort and perceived listening effort in participants with normal hearing, to determine if there are any presentation order effects, and to explore the relationship between listening effort measured as accuracy, response times, efficiency of information
encoding into long-term memory, perceived listening effort, and core executive functions.Research design:A within-subject design with repeated measures was used and a study of relationships between variables was made.Study sample:Thirty-two healthy adults with normal hearing.Data
collection and analysis:Participants were tested individually by a listening task using a dual-task paradigm. The listening task was performed in quiet and in multitalker babble noise at 10 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Perceived listening effort and core executive functions (working
memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility) were also assessed.Results:The measures of listening effort (correct responses, response times, and immediate and delayed listening comprehension) failed to demonstrate increased listening effort in multitalker babble noise (10
dB SNR) compared with quiet, although a significant test order effect was seen for correct responses indicating that participants who first listened in noise did not improve in quiet. Perceived listening effort increased significantly in noise compared with quiet. No relationship was found
between measures of listening effort and ratings of perceived listening effort. Working memory and cognitive flexibility were not related to ratings of perceived listening effort. In contrast, better inhibitory control was related to higher ratings in both quiet and in noise.Conclusions:It
is possible that the SNR and measures used were not as sensitive as required to measure listening effort behaviorally. In the present experimental setup, prior noise exposure impedes the beneficial effects of performing a task in quiet. Self-reports seem to provide a valid measure of perceived
listening effort that is related to the individual’s inhibitory control. The present findings suggest that participants with better inhibitory control are more susceptible to the task demand level both in quiet and in noise.
Solar Spectral Lines with Special Polarization Properties for the Calibration of Instrument Polarization
Authors: Li W. , Casini R. , Alemán T. del Pino , Judge P. G.
Published: October 2017

We investigate atomic transitions that have previously been identified as having zero polarization from the Zeeman effect. Our goal is to identify spectral lines that can be used for the calibration of instrumental polarization of large astronomical and solar telescopes, such as the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope, which is currently under construction on Haleakala. We use a numerical model that takes into account the generation of scattering polarization and its modification by the presence of a magnetic field of arbitrary strength. We adopt values for the Landé factors from spectroscopic measurements or semi-empirical results, thus relaxing the common assumption of LS-coupling previously used in the literature. The mechanisms dominating the polarization of particular transitions are identified, and we summarize groups of various spectral lines useful for the calibration of spectropolarimetric instruments, classified according to their polarization properties.
NuSTAR Hard X-Ray Observation of the Gamma-Ray Binary Candidate HESS J1832–093
Authors: Mori Kaya , Gotthelf E. V. , Hailey Charles J. , Hord Ben J. , Wilhelmi Emma de Oña , Rahoui Farid , Tomsick John A. , Zhang Shuo , Hong Jaesub , Garvin Amani M. , Boggs Steven E. , Christensen Finn E. , Craig William W. , Harrison Fiona A. , Stern Daniel , Zhang William W.
Published: October 2017

We present a hard X-ray observation of the TeV gamma-ray binary candidate HESS J1832−093, which is coincident with the supernova remnant G22.7−0.2, using the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array. Non-thermal X-ray emission from XMMU J183245−0921539, the X-ray source associated with HESS J1832−093, is detected up to ∼30 keV and is well-described by an absorbed power-law model with a best-fit photon index

. A re-analysis of archival Chandra and XMM-Newton data finds that the long-term X-ray flux increase of XMMU J183245−0921539 is

(90% C.L.), much less than previously reported. A search for a pulsar spin period or binary orbit modulation yields no significant signal to a pulse fraction limit of

in the range 4 ms 

ks. No red noise is detected in the FFT power spectrum to suggest active accretion from a binary system. While further evidence is required, we argue that the X-ray and gamma-ray properties of XMMU J183245−0921539 are most consistent with a non-accreting binary generating synchrotron X-rays from particle acceleration in the shock formed as a result of the pulsar and stellar wind collision. We also report on three nearby hard X-ray sources, one of which may be associated with diffuse emission from a fast-moving supernova fragment interacting with a dense molecular cloud.
Collective Properties of Quasar Narrow Associated Absorption Lines
Authors: Chen Zhi-Fu , Pan Da-Sheng
Published: October 2017

This paper statistically investigates the properties of C iv and Mg ii narrow absorption lines (NALs) to look for velocity cuts that can constrain quasar-associated NALs. The coverage fraction (f

c
) is defined as the ratio between the number of quasars exhibiting at least one detected absorber and the total number of quasars that can be used to detect absorptions with given criteria. We find that, for both C iv and Mg ii absorbers, both the number density of absorbers in given velocity intervals (

) and the f

c
show very significant excess at the low-velocity offset from the quasars, relative to the random occurrence that is expected for cosmologically intervening absorbers. These relative excess extensions for Mg ii absorptions are not only evidently related to absorption strength but also to quasar luminosity, while they are mainly constrained within 2000

no matter what quasar luminosity and absorption strength are. In addition, we find that the redshift number density (dn/dz) evolution of Mg ii absorbers with v
abs < 2000

evidently differs from that with v
abs > 2000

. Turning to C iv absorptions, the relative excess extensions of both

and f

c
are mainly limited within v
abs < 4000

, and depend neither on absorption strength nor on quasar luminosity. And also, the absorbers with v
abs < 4000

show obviously different redshift number density evolution from those with v
abs > 4000

. We suggest velocity cuts of 4000

and 2000

to define quasar C iv and Mg ii associated NALs, respectively.
Mapping the Lyα Emission around a z ∼ 6.6 QSO with MUSE: Extended Emission and a Companion at a Close Separation
Authors: Farina Emanuele P. , Venemans Bram P. , Decarli Roberto , Hennawi Joseph F. , Walter Fabian , Bañados Eduardo , Mazzucchelli Chiara , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Arrigoni-Battaia Fabrizio , McGreer Ian D.
Published: October 2017

We utilize the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) on the Very Large Telescope to search for extended Lyα emission around the z ∼ 6.6 QSO J0305−3150. After carefully subtracting the point spread function, we reach a nominal 5σ surface-brightness limit of SB5σ
 = 1.9 × 10−18 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2 over a 1 arcsec2 aperture, collapsing five wavelength slices centered at the expected location of the redshifted Lyα emission (i.e., at 9256 Å). Current data suggest the presence (5σ accounting for systematics) of a Lyα nebula that extends for 9 kpc around the QSO. This emission is displaced and redshifted by 155 km s−1 with respect to the location of the QSO host galaxy traced by the [

] 158 μm emission line. The total luminosity is

 = (3.0 ± 0.4) × 1042 erg s−1. Our analysis suggests that this emission is unlikely to rise from optically thick clouds illuminated by the ionizing radiation of the QSO. It is more plausible that the Lyα emission is due to the fluorescence of the highly ionized optically thin gas. This scenario implies a high hydrogen volume density of

cm−3. In addition, we detect a Lyα emitter (LAE) in the immediate vicinity of the QSO, i.e., with a projected separation of ∼12.5 kpc and a line-of-sight velocity difference of 560 km s−1. The luminosity of the LAE is

 = (2.1 ± 0.2) × 1042 erg s−1 and its inferred star-formation rate is SFR ∼ 1.3 M
⊙ yr−1. The probability of finding such a close LAE is one order of magnitude above the expectations based on the QSO–galaxy cross-correlation function. This discovery is in agreement with a scenario where dissipative interactions favor the rapid build-up of supermassive black holes at early cosmic times.
Dynamic Spectral Imaging of Decimetric Fiber Bursts in an Eruptive Solar Flare
Authors: Wang Zhitao , Chen Bin , Gary Dale E.
Published: October 2017

Fiber bursts are a type of fine structure that is often superposed on type IV radio continuum emission during solar flares. Although studied for many decades, its physical exciter, emission mechanism, and association with the flare energy release remain unclear, partly due to the lack of simultaneous imaging observations. We report the first dynamic spectroscopic imaging observations of decimetric fiber bursts, which occurred during the rise phase of a long-duration eruptive flare on 2012 March 3, as obtained by the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in 1–2 GHz. Our results show that the fiber sources are located near and above one footpoint of the flare loops. The fiber source and the background continuum source are found to be co-spatial and share the same morphology. It is likely that they are associated with nonthermal electrons trapped in the converging magnetic fields near the footpoint, as supported by a persistent coronal hard X-ray source present during the flare rise phase. We analyze three groups of fiber bursts in detail with dynamic imaging spectroscopy and obtain their mean frequency-dependent centroid trajectories in projection. By using a barometric density model and magnetic field based on a potential field extrapolation, we further reconstruct the 3D source trajectories of fiber bursts, for comparison with expectations from the whistler wave model and two MHD-based models. We conclude that the observed fiber burst properties are consistent with an exciter moving at the propagation velocity expected for whistler waves, or models that posit similar exciter velocities.
La différence culturelle et l’étrangeté dans la famille migrante
Authors: Eiguer Alberto
Published: October 2017

Les sentiments d’étrangeté, de non-familier, d’étrange sont connotés de malaise et de souffrance, voire de folie. Trois formes d’éprouvés d’étrangeté seront à analyser : 1) le sentiment d’avoir une partie étrangère en soi ; 2) celui d’être un étranger dans sa propre famille ; et 3) celui d’être une famille étrangère dans un pays d’accueil. On peut estimer que la culture de référence a une origine sociale : chacun se reconnaît comme appartenant à celle-ci. Mais c’est la famille qui prépare le terrain en lui permettant de l’introjecter. Il assume alors sa singularité et la différence entre les autres cultures et la sienne. Toutefois, pourquoi, parmi les migrants, certains sont plus à l’aise que d’autres en pays d’accueil ? Sont-ils les mêmes que ceux qui sont en rupture avec leur sentiment d’appartenance familiale ? Dans la migration, les membres de la famille se vivent en étrangers. Leur intégration au nouvel environnement dépendra pour beaucoup de l’interrogation sur ce que signifie être un étranger dans sa famille. Il y va de la possibilité d’admettre sa différence : exister, penser, rêver autrement. Mettre au travail, voire amadouer, l’étranger en soi, l’étranger dans sa famille et l’étranger dans un pays d’accueil, contribue peut-être à l’adaptation de la famille. Un cas clinique vient appuyer ces idées.
Violence adelphique. Thérapie de deux frères mélanésiens
Authors: Thibouville Grégoire
Published: October 2017

L’auteur partage une expérience de psychothérapie culturelle de deux frères mélanésiens. Le thérapeute en situation allogène reçoit la violence adelphique durant des séances hebdomadaires d’une heure. Les frères se mettent en danger dans une destructivité menaçant leur assise narcissique réciproque en construction. Ils mettent à mal l’institution de la protection de l’enfance qui les accueille. C’est ainsi que l’équipe mobilise le psychologue pour qu’il travaille avec eux, dans un espace intermédiaire culturel. Ce dernier permet à ces frères de mettre un terme à leur rivalité voire leur désir fratricide. Il se révèle donc le moyen de (re) créer une histoire familiale et générationnelle dans un contexte ethnoculturel singulier en Nouvelle-Calédonie.
Le handicap comme support d’une culture familiale
Authors: Maraquin Carine
Published: October 2017

À travers le vécu d’une famille dans le cadre d’une thérapie familiale, l’auteur explore comment le handicap peut remplir une fonction d’étayage narcissique des parents et ainsi s’installer comme support d’une identité groupale familiale. Cette famille fait du handicap une culture. Elle centre ses plaintes sur le traumatisme de la naissance des enfants et construit son roman familial à partir de ce chaos qui les agglutine. Elle l’utilise comme outil de réparation narcissique d’une filiation fragilisée. Le handicap sert à mettre d’autres événements traumatiques en arrière-plan. Élément révélateur et créateur, le handicap permet le développement de mouvements d’affiliation et de différenciation.
L’adoption silencieuse : alliances et pactes inconscients en placement familial
Authors: Cornalba Vincent
Published: October 2017

À partir de la présentation du phénomène d’adoption silencieuse, l’auteur aborde les enjeux inconscients que cette transgression du cadre est susceptible de révéler. Le recours aux notions de contrat narcissique, d’alliances inconscientes et de pactes dénégatifs apparaît comme le passage indispensable afin d’en éclairer la dynamique. L’oubli de cette évidence fait le lit d’un retour de l’étranger à travers la convocation de motions inconscientes.
La fonction de l’obésité comme défense familiale face aux transmissions générationnelles
Authors: Berque Caroline
Published: October 2017

Le processus thérapeutique d’un travail familial lorsque l’un des enfants est en surpoids a mis en évidence la complexité sous-jacente de cette pathologie. Cette dynamique familiale est caractérisée par des mouvements d’indifférenciation entre l’enfant et sa mère, suite à une défaillance de contenance familiale. Cette défaillance de contenance se spécifie par le surgissement d’éléments bruts, traces d’une violence conjugale et d’abus sexuels dans la génération précédente. L’analyse des liens familiaux met en lumière la présence d’un pacte dénégatif. L’objectif de ce travail familial n’est pas tant une approche des événements traumatiques qu’une élaboration groupale des fonctionnements perçus dans l’ici et maintenant de chaque séance. Ces éléments bruts ont fonction de cacher une problématique générationnelle de violence issue probablement d’une transmission transgénérationnelle non dicible. Cette métabolisation d’éléments bruts dans le travail familial permet la mise en place de mouvements de séparation et d’individuation.
Identité et différence
Authors: Granjon Bernard , Granjon Evelyn
Published: October 2017

C’est avec l’arbre qu’on fabrique la pirogue (proverbe mélanésien). À partir de leur expérience dans le cadre de différentes missions de Médecins du Monde, les auteurs proposent une réflexion sur la souffrance psychique des migrants en rapport avec les conditions de « départ » de la migration. Pour ceux dont le départ s’inscrit dans un projet, une continuité psychique et une adaptation paraissent possibles malgré les manifestations dépressives (« malaise »). Mais pour ceux dont le départ fut une rupture, un déracinement, la perte des repères et le désaccordage culturel et historique semblent à l’origine de leur « malêtre », allant jusqu’à la perte d’identité. Certaines « subjectivités reconstruites » ou certaines aliénations à des croyances ou des idéologies correspondent à des tentatives de survie. Les auteurs s’interrogent sur les recours thérapeutiques possibles. Le groupe apparaît comme le lieu d’un métissage culturel et d’un possible réancrage permettant une reprise des processus psychiques individuels.
Une démarche innovante pour favoriser la recherche communautaire et faire vivre la démocratie sanitaire en oncologie : les Seintinelles
Authors: Bauquier Charlotte , Pannard Myriam , Préau Marie
Published: October 2017

La recherche communautaire représente un moteur d’innovations dans des domaines clés de santé publique comme celui du VIH/Sida, le plus emblématique (Demange, Henry & Préau, 2012), et des hépatites. Cependant, il existe des domaines de recherches autour de pathologies spécifiques où ce format de recherches semble avoir davantage de difficultés à se développer, comme dans le champ du cancer (Shankand, Saïas & Friboulet, 2009). Cet article se propose d’apporter quelques pistes de réflexion autour de la mobilisation citoyenne actuelle en lien avec la recherche en cancérologie ainsi que sur les nouveaux leviers potentiels au développement de recherches plus participatives et communautaires en s’appuyant sur la création récente de la plateforme des Seintinelles, dont l’objectif est de rapprocher chercheurs et citoyens concernés par la thématique du cancer. Cette réflexion sera étayée par des questionnements relatifs au cadre plus global qu’est la démocratie sanitaire.
Pratiques et apport des recherches communautaires en éducation thérapeutique : une revue de littérature
Authors: Gross Olivia , de Andrade Vincent , Gagnayre Rémi
Published: October 2017

Introduction : Les recherches communautaires en santé (RC) associent chercheurs et personnes concernées par les résultats de recherches. Elles visent à améliorer le pouvoir d’agir des populations en partant de leur exposition au phénomène étudié. Leur présence dans le champ de l’ETP est à interroger car ces domaines partagent des caractéristiques comme la volonté de promouvoir l’autonomie et la participation des personnes et la culture de l’interdisciplinarité. Objectif : Caractériser les RC dans le champ de l’éducation thérapeutique. Méthode :  : Une recherche bibliographique à partir des mots-clés « Community based (participatory) research » « patient education » « self care » et « self management » sur PUBMED a rapporté 121 articles. L’analyse a porté sur le type de recherche réalisée, les caractéristiques des populations concernées et des co-chercheurs ; les actions collaboratives analysées à partir d’une grille issue de la littérature ; les difficultés dans leur mise en œuvre. Résultats :  : Trente-et-une études ont été retenues. Dix études portent sur des recherches méthodologiques tendant à démontrer la plus-value de la collaboration avec des usagers dans la mise en œuvre d’un programme d’ETP par rapport aux méthodes standards. Pour les 21 articles restants, il s’agit de descriptions de co-conceptions et/ou co-réalisations d’un nouveau programme éducatif. Il a été identifié cinq actions qui renvoient à une phase préparatoire des recherches et 17 actions collaboratives qui renvoient à la priorisation des recherches, à leur réalisation, à leur analyse et à la dissémination des résultats. Des possibles difficultés d’ordre méthodologiques, organisationnelles, éthiques, émotionnelles appellent des mesures préventives. Discussion/Perspectives :  : Le repérage de 22 actions devrait être confirmé par d’autres études. À terme, la grille d’analyse pourrait devenir un outil guidant les chercheurs en ETP souhaitant développer une RC.
Les accidents d’exposition au sang chez les étudiants en médecine de Casablanca (Maroc) : Analyse des connaissances et pratiques
Authors: Berahou Hanan , Serhier Zineb , Housbane Samy , Ajbal Khaoula , Bennani Othmani Mohamed
Published: October 2017

Objectif : Les accidents d’exposition au sang constituent un risque important de transmission des virus véhiculés par le sang aux étudiants en médecine. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer les connaissances et les pratiques des étudiants en médecine de Casablanca en ce qui concerne le respect des mesures préventives des AES et leurs conduites après la survenue d’un accident. Méthodes : Une étude transversale a été réalisée en 2015 au CHU Ibn Rochd de Casablanca à l’aide d’un échantillonnage en grappe stratifié. Les données de cette étude ont été recueillies par le biais d’un questionnaire anonyme auto-administré. Résultats : La moyenne d’âge était de 22,38 ans (ET = 1,69) avec une prédominance féminine (56,0 %). Environ 17,5 % des étudiants étaient victimes d’au moins un AES, et seulement 38,3 % connaissaient les précautions standards indispensables pour prévenir ces accidents. La survenue des AES était significativement associée au recapuchonnage des aiguilles (p = 0,002) et à la méconnaissance des précautions standards (p = 0,028). Conclusion : Ces résultats montrent l’insuffisance des connaissances et le non-respect des mesures de protection des accidents d’exposition au sang, incitant à mettre en place des actions de sensibilisation et de formation auprès des étudiants hospitaliers.
Venise, ville-refuge
Authors: Furri Filippo
Published: October 2017

Résumé Faire vivre le droit d’asile
La politique comme commun
Authors: Krikorian Gaëlle , Sultan Fred
Published: October 2017

Résumé De l’ilot aux réseaux.
Méditations saillansonnes
Authors: Faure Jean-Christophe , Lalande Aude , Vermeersch Laure
Published: October 2017

Résumé Qu’est-ce que la démocratie participative ?
No Direction Home
Authors: Shatz Adam , Saint-Saëns Isabelle , Mayoux Sophie
Published: October 2017

Résumé Fanon humaniste et utopique.
Digital storytelling as a tool for teaching: Perceptions of pre-service teachers
Authors: Publishing Chantyclaire A. Tiba , Condy Janet , Chigona Agnes , Tunjera Nyarai
Published: October 2017

It has been shown that teachers are reluctant to use technology despite the South African (SA) government’s huge expenditure on technological equipment. This might  be the result of teachers being unable to select appropriate technology that will yield positive learning outcomes  as well as being ill-equipped to integrate  technology  into their pedagogy. To this end, pre-service teachers at a University were trained on how to integrate digital storytelling (DST) effectively into their teaching. The aim of this study is to  gain insight  into the  potential benefits of DST  for teaching and learning  and to determine factors that may prevent pre-service teachers’ uptake of DST during in-service practice. This is a qualitative study in which fifty pre-service teachers were divided into five groups for focus group interviews. Data were analysed, and the results show that pre-service teachers perceived DST to be beneficial in the classroom as it has the potential to (i) motivate and engage learners, (ii) promote  voice/self-expression, and  (iii) promote collaborative learning and  acquisition of multiple skills. Pre-service teachers are of the opinion that a lack of resources, self-confidence and time owing to restrictive curricula may prevent uptake of DST during in-service teaching. It was recommended that school stakeholders create a balance between intrinsic and extrinsic factors that will promote the adoption and integration of DST into teaching. Also,  the education institution concerned strives to balance all three strands of knowledge: technology, pedagogy and content.
Analysis and Comparison of Correlation between Camper's Plane and Natural Occlusal Plane in Normal Dentulous Subjects
Authors: Rathod Nirav , Sood Prachi , Pasam Nirmala
Published: October 2017

Background

Orientation of the occlusal plane is one of the most important clinical procedures in the prosthodontic rehabili- tation of edentulous patients but definitions of the ala-tragus line (ATL) causes confusion, because the exact points of reference for this line are not clear.

Aim

The aim of this study was to corroborate a correlation between Camper's plane and natural occlusal plane in normal dentulous subjects and to ascertain the most relevant posterior reference point for establishing Camper's plane.

Materials and methods

In this study, 40 subjects with com- plete natural dentition and Angel's Class I occlusal relationship were selected. The subjects were photographed in sitting erect posture with head unsupported while clenching on a fox plane. The angles between the following lines were measured using digital screen protractor, the occlusal plane and Ala to superior border of tragus, the occlusal plane and Ala to middle border of tragus, as well as occlusal plane and Ala to inferior border of tragus. Descriptive statistics, one sample t-test and, independent t-test were done to analyze the data.

Results

There was no parallelism between the occlusal plane and ATL with three different posterior ends and one sample t-test showed that the angles between them were significantly different from zero (p < 0.001). However, the inferior border of the ATL had the lowest mean angle, 1.99° (4.32) and was almost parallel to the occlusal plane.

Conclusion

Ala-tragus line from Ala of the nose to the inferior border of tragus as a posterior reference point can be considered as a reliable occlusal plane for complete denture fabrication.

How to cite this article

Rathod N, Sood P, Pasam N. Analysis and Comparison of Correlation between Camper's Plane and Natural Occlusal Plane in Normal Dentulous Subjects. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(3):81-85.
Comparison of Various Cold Sterilization Techniques on Routinely used Carbide Burs and Diamond Points
Authors: Ranganathan Suganthi , Manvi Supriya , Gopalakrishna Srivatsa , Renukanath Chaitra Koppal
Published: October 2017

Aim

The aim of this study is to compare the various cold sterilization techniques for sterilizing dental burs and diamond points by assessing the microbial growth in culture media on them before and after sterilization.

Materials and methods

The following four disinfectants were used: 2% glutaraldehyde, 5.2% sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and 70% ethanol. There were two main groups taken as group I-carbide burs and group II-diamond burs. A total of 48 samples were collected, 12 samples per disinfectant. Each sample has two burs collected from same patient. One acts as control group which means only microbial count was deter- mined without disinfection. The other one would be determined as microbial count before and after disinfection. The microbial assessment was done using brain heart infusion (BHI) broth and counted by plating in chocolate blood agar and MacConkey agar.

Results

The obtained results were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and post hoc test. The results revealed that there was statistically significant difference between sodium hypochlorite and surgical spirit, sodium hypochlo- rite and hydrogen peroxide. There was no statistically significant difference between sodium hypochlorite and glutaraldehyde.

Conclusion

The results of this study revealed that sodium hypochlorite and glutaraldehyde are most effective than hydro- gen peroxide, and surgical spirit is the least effective disinfectant. However, there was clinical significance in level of disinfection of all four disinfectants.

How to cite this article

Ranganathan S, Manvi S, Gopalakrishna S, Renukanath CK. Comparison of Various Cold Sterilization Tech- niques on Routinely used Carbide Burs and Diamond Points. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(3):97-102.
Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Fiber-reinforced Composite and Methacrylate-based Composite to Pure Tricalcium-based Cement
Authors: Reddy Ravula A , Basavanna RS
Published: October 2017

Aim

Fracture of restorative composite is reported as a common reason for replacement. Due to failures of this kind, it is still controversial whether restorative composites should be used in large, high-stress-bearing applications, such as in direct posterior restorations. The high brittleness of current composites hinders their use in large stress-bearing areas. Thus, recently short fiber-reinforced composite was introduced as dental restorative composite resin. The aim of the article is to evaluate shear bond strength of fiber-reinforced composite (everX Posterior) and methacrylate-based composite (FILTEK Z250) to pure tricalcium silicate-based cement (biodentine).

Materials and methods

Acrylic blocks (n = 30) with 2 mm high and 5 mm diameter central holes were prepared. The samples were taken and filled with biodentine and were divided into two groups containing 15 in each group. Group I: Fiber-reinforced composite. Group II: Methacrylate-based composite, which are layered over biodentine. The specimens are transferred to the universal testing machine and subjected to shear bond strength analysis at a cross-head speed of 1.0 mm/minute.

Results

The bond strength values were significantly higher in case of fiber-reinforced composite when compared with methacrylate-based composite.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that the fiber-reinforced composite with biodentine had highest bond strength when compared with methacrylate-based composite.

Clinical significance

Fiber-reinforced composite has excellent fatigue resistance because the embedded fibers are bonded to the polymer matrix and allow the stresses to be distributed effectively throughout the restoration. They are most suitable for applications in which the direction of highest stress is predictable. They are used in cavities with three or more surfaces missing and also in large-sized cavities. They are extensively used in cavities where inlays and onlays are prescribed.

How to cite this article

Reddy RA, Basavanna RS. Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Fiber-reinforced Composite and Methacrylate-based Composite to Pure Tricalcium-based Cement. CODS J Dent 2016;8(1):25-27.
An in vitro Comparison of the Effect of Three Different Endodontic Medicaments on the Bond Strength of a Resin-based Endodontic Sealer to the Root Canal Dentin
Authors: Shivanna Vasundhara , Bhargavi Ravi
Published: October 2017

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the effect of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2], 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel, and propolis when used as intracanal medicaments on the bond strength of a resin-based sealer (AH Plus Jet; Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) to the root dentin.

Materials and methods

Sixty freshly extracted single-rooted human teeth were utilized for this study and the crowns were decoronated. The root canals were instrumented and randomized into four groups according to the medicament used: Group I: Control; group II: Ca(OH)2; group III: CHX; group IV: Propolis. The specimens were stored for 10 days in 100% humidity at 37°C, and the intracanal dressings were removed by rinsing with 10 mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid followed by 10 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, then obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus Jet sealer. A push-out test to measure the bond strength between the root canal dentin and the sealer was done. Two-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc pairwise tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results

The use of intracanal medicaments had shown to significantly influence the push-out bond strengths of the resin sealer used (p < 0.05). At coronal and middle thirds, there was no significant difference in bond strengths among all the four groups (p > 0.05). At apical third, the mean bond strength value for propolis group was significantly superior when compared with the other three groups (p < 0.05). The CHX group showed higher bond strength values at apical third compared with Ca(OH)2 and control groups, but it was not significant (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Propolis showed superior push-out bond strength than CHX, Ca(OH)2, and control groups at apical third, while no significant differences were observed among all the groups at coronal and middle thirds.

How to cite this article

Shivanna V, Bhargavi R. An in vitro Comparison of the Effect of Three Different Endodontic Medicaments on the Bond Strength of a Resin-based Endodontic Sealer to the Root Canal Dentin. CODS J Dent 2016;8(1):28-32.
Comparison of Molded and Conventional Orthosis during Ambulation for Adolescent with Myelomeningocele
Authors: Mohanty Rajesh K , Lenka Sipra , Pattanaik Ritikesh , Moharana Srikanta , Mohanty Patitapaban , Das Sakti P
Published: October 2017

Varying diversities of involvement in adolescent with myelomeningocele make orthotic prescription, evaluation, and fitting highly challenging. A school-going 14-year-old boy presented with extensive weakness and kinematic alterations of both lower limbs and spine. Planovalgoid foot, calcaneal deformity of ankle, knee flexion, anterior pelvic tilt, rotation, and frequent hip dislocation of left side were noticed on examination. Gait comparisons were made between walking with bare foot and with conventional and molded orthosis with auxiliary crutches. Kinetic and kinematic parameters were studied in gait lab by force plate (BTS P-6000) and cameras with reflective markers (BTS SMART-DX 6000). Molded orthosis was found to improve all gait parameters except cadence and walking velocity; however, diversity in the results was observed. Though both variants were effective, a follow-up is necessary to finalize the best orthotic solution for the individual subject.

How to cite this article

Mohanty RK, Lenka S, Pattanaik R, Moharana S, Mohanty P, Das SP. Comparison of Molded and Conventional Orthosis during Ambulation for Adolescent with Myelomeningocele. Indian J Phy Med Rehab 2017;28(2):77-83.
Investigating the role of dust in ice nucleation within clouds and further effects on regional weather system over East Asia – Part I: model development and validation
Authors: Su Lin , Fung Jimmy C.H.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The GOCART–Thompson microphysics scheme, which couples the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model and aerosol-aware Thompson microphysics scheme, has been implemented in the Weather Research and Forecast model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), to quantify and evaluate the effect of dust on the ice nucleation process in the atmosphere by serving as ice nuclei. The performance of the GOCART-Thompson microphysics scheme in simulating the effect of dust in atmospheric ice nucleation is then evaluated over East Asia during spring in 2012, a typical dust-intensive season. Based upon the dust emission reasonably reproduced by WRF-Chem, the effect of dust on atmospheric cloud ice water content is well reproduced. With abundant dust particles serving as ice nuclei, the simulated ice water mixing ratio and ice crystal number concentration increases by one order of magnitude over the dust source region and downwind areas during the investigated period. The comparison with ice water path from satellite observations demonstrated that the simulation of cloud ice profile is substantially improved by applying the GOCART–Thompson microphysics scheme in the simulations. Additional sensitivity experiments are carried out to optimize the parameters in the ice nucleation parameterization in the GOCART–Thompson microphysics scheme, and the results suggest that the calibration factor in the ice nucleation scheme should be set to 3 or 4. Lowering the threshold relative humidity with respect to ice to 100 % for the ice nucleation parameterization leads to further improvement in cloud ice simulation.
Investigating the role of dust in ice nucleation within clouds and further effects on the regional weather system over East Asia – Part II: modification of the weather system
Authors: Su Lin , Fung Jimmy C.H.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. An updated version of the Weather Research and Forecast model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) was applied to quantify and discuss the full effects of dust on the meteorological field over East Asia during March and April 2012. The performances of the model in simulating the short-wave and long-wave radiation, surface temperature, and precipitation over East Asia are improved by incorporating the effects of dust in the simulations. The radiative forcing induced by the dust-enhanced cloud radiative effect is over one order of magnitude larger than that induced by the direct effect of dust. The semi-direct and indirect effects of dust result in a substantial increase in mid- to high clouds, and a significant reduction in low clouds, leading to a decrease of near-surface temperature and an increase of temperature at the mid- to upper troposphere over East Asia. The spatial redistribution of atmospheric water vapor and modification of the vertical temperature profile over East Asia lead to an inhibition of atmospheric instability over most land areas, but an enhancement of atmospheric instability over South China and the ocean, resulting in a significant inhibition of convective precipitation in areas from central to East China, and a substantial enhancement of convective precipitation over South China. Meanwhile, non-convective precipitation is also reduced significantly over East Asia, as cloud droplets are hindered from growing large enough to form rain droplets, due to the semi-direct and indirect effects of dust. The total precipitation can be reduced or increased by up to 20 % or more.
Aerosol-fog interaction and the transition to well-mixed radiation
fog
Authors: Boutle Ian , Price Jeremy , Kudzotsa Innocent , Kokkola Harri , Romakkaniemi Sami
Published: October 2017

Abstract. We analyse the development of a radiation fog event and its gradual transition from optically thin fog in a stable boundary layer to well-mixed optically-thick fog. Comparison of observations and a detailed large-eddy simulation demonstrate that aerosol growth and activation is the key process in determining the onset of adiabatic fog. Weak turbulence and low supersaturations lead to the growth of aerosol particles which can significantly affect the visibility, but do not significantly interact with the long-wave radiation, allowing the atmosphere to remain stable. Only when a substantial fraction of the aerosol become activated into cloud droplets can the fog interact with the radiation, becoming optically thick and well-mixed. Modifications to the parametrization of cloud droplet numbers in fog, resulting in lower and more realistic concentrations, are shown to give significant improvements to an NWP model, which initially struggled to accurately simulate the transition. Finally, consequences of this work for common aerosol activation parametrizations used in climate models are discussed, demonstrating that many schemes are reliant on an artificial minimum value when activating aerosol in fog, and adjustment of this minimum can significantly affect the sensitivity of the climate system to aerosol radiative forcing.
Methane oxidizing seawater microbial communities from an Arctic shelf
Authors: Uhlig Christiane , Kirkpatrick John B. , D'Hondt Steve , Loose Brice
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Microbial communities of the ocean can consume methane dissolved in seawater before it has a chance to escape to the atmosphere and contribute to greenhouse warming. Seawater over the shallow Arctic shelf is characterized by excess methane compared to the atmospheric equilibrium originating in sediments, permafrost and hydrates. Particularly high concentrations are found beneath sea ice. We studied the structure and methane oxidation potential of the microbial communities from seawater collected close to Utqiagvik, Alaska, in April 2016. The in situ methane concentrations were 16.3 ± 7.2 nmol L−1, approximately 4.8 times oversaturated compared to the atmospheric equilibrium. The group of methane oxidizing bacteria (MOB) in the natural seawater and seawater incubations was > 97 % dominated by Methylococcacales (γ-Proteobacteria). Incubations of seawater under a range of methane concentrations led to a loss of diversity in the bacterial community. The abundance of MOB was low with maximal fractions of 2.5 % at 200 times elevated methane concentration, while sequence reads of non-MOB methylotrophs were four times more abundant than MOB in most incubations. The abundances of MOB as well as non-MOB methylotrophs correlated tightly with the rate constant (kox) for methane oxidation, indicating that non-MOB methylotrophs might be coupled to MOB and involved in community methane oxidation. In sea ice, where methane concentrations of 82 ± 35.8 nmol kg−1 were found, Methylobacterium (α-Proteobacteria) was the dominant MOB with a relative abundance of 80 %. MOB abundances were very low in sea ice, with maximal fractions found at the ice-snow interface (0.1 %), while non-MOB-methlylotrophs were present in abundances compared to natural seawater communities. The differences in MOB taxa and an offset in methane concentration and stable isotope ratios between the ice and the water column point toward different methane cycling processes in both habitats.
Climatic history of the northeastern United States during the past 3000 years
Authors: Marlon Jennifer R. , Pederson Neil , Nolan Connor , Goring Simon , Shuman Bryan , Robertson Ann , Booth Robert , Bartlein Patrick J. , Berke Melissa A. , Clifford Michael , Cook Edward , Dieffenbacher-Krall Ann , Dietze Michael C. , Hessl Amy , Hubeny J. Bradford , Jackson Stephen T. , Marsicek Jeremiah , McLachlan Jason , Mock Cary J. , Moore David J. P. , Nichols Jonathan , Peteet Dorothy , Schaefer Kevin , Trouet Valerie , Umbanhowar Charles , Williams John W. , Yu Zicheng
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Many ecosystem processes that influence Earth system feedbacks – vegetation growth, water and nutrient cycling, disturbance regimes – are strongly influenced by multidecadal- to millennial-scale climate variations that cannot be directly observed. Paleoclimate records provide information about these variations, forming the basis of our understanding and modeling of them. Fossil pollen records are abundant in the NE US, but cannot simultaneously provide information about paleoclimate and past vegetation in a modeling context because this leads to circular logic. If pollen data are used to constrain past vegetation changes, then the remaining paleoclimate archives in the northeastern US (NE US) are quite limited. Nonetheless, a growing number of diverse reconstructions have been developed but have not yet been examined together. Here we conduct a systematic review, assessment, and comparison of paleotemperature and paleohydrological proxies from the NE US for the last 3000 years. Regional temperature reconstructions (primarily summer) show a long-term cooling trend (1000 BCE–1700 CE) consistent with hemispheric-scale reconstructions, while hydroclimate data show gradually wetter conditions through the present day. Multiple proxies suggest that a prolonged, widespread drought occurred between 550 and 750 CE. Dry conditions are also evident during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, which was warmer and drier than the Little Ice Age and drier than today. There is some evidence for an acceleration of the longer-term wetting trend in the NE US during the past century; coupled with an abrupt shift from decreasing to increasing temperatures in the past century, these changes could have wide-ranging implications for species distributions, ecosystem dynamics, and extreme weather events. More work is needed to gather paleoclimate data in the NE US to make inter-proxy comparisons and to improve estimates of uncertainty in reconstructions.