bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of ERK1/2 activation in microtubule stabilization and glucose transport in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Asrih Mohamed , Pellieux Corinne , Papageorgiou Irène , Lerch René , Montessuit Christophe
Published: July 2011

We previously demonstrated that microtubule disruption impairs stimulation of glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes and that 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA) treatment preserved both microtubule integrity and stimulated glucose transport. Herein we investigated whether 1) activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) is responsible for microtubule destabilization and 2) ERK1/2 inactivation may explain the positive effects of 9cRA on glucose uptake and microtubule stabilization. Adult rat cardiomyocytes in primary culture showed increased basal ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Cardiomyocytes exposed to inhibitors of the ERK1/2 kinase mitogen/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) 1/2 had preserved microtubular scaffold, including microtubule-organizing centers (MTOC), together with increased insulin and metabolic stress-stimulated glucose transport as well as signaling, thus replicating the effects of 9cRA treatment. Although 9cRA treatment did not significantly reduce global ERK1/2 activation, it markedly reduced perinuclear-activated ERK1/2 at the location of MTOC. 9cRA also triggered relocation of the ERK1/2 phosphatase mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-3 from the cytosol to the nucleus. These results indicate that, in cardiomyocytes, microtubule destabilization, leading to impaired stimulation of glucose transport, is mediated by ERK1/2 activation, impacting on the MTOC. 9cRA acid restores stimulated glucose transport indirectly through compartmentalized inactivation of ERK1/2.
Synchronization of mouse islets of Langerhans by glucose waveforms
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Daou Arij , Truong Tuan M. , Bertram Richard , Roper Michael G.
Published: July 2011

Pancreatic islets secrete insulin in a pulsatile manner, and the individual islets are synchronized, producing in vivo oscillations. In this report, the ability of imposed glucose waveforms to synchronize a population of islets was investigated. A microfluidic system was used to deliver glucose waveforms to ∼20 islets while fura 2 fluorescence was imaged. All islets were entrained to a sinusoidal waveform of glucose (11 mM median, 1 mM amplitude, and a 5-min period), producing synchronized oscillations of fura 2 fluorescence. During perfusion with constant 11 mM glucose, oscillations of fura 2 fluorescence were observed in individual islets, but the average signal was nonoscillatory. Spectral analysis and a synchronization index (λ) were used to measure the period of fura 2 fluorescence oscillations and evaluate synchronization of islets, respectively. During perfusion with glucose waveforms, spectral analysis revealed a dominant frequency at 5 min, and λ, which can range from 0 (unsynchronized) to 1 (perfect synchronization), was 0.78 ± 0.15. In contrast, during perfusion with constant 11 mM glucose, the main peak in the spectral analysis corresponded to a period of 5 min but was substantially smaller than during perfusion with oscillatory glucose, and the average λ was 0.52 ± 0.09, significantly lower than during perfusion with sinusoidal glucose. These results indicated that an oscillatory glucose level synchronized the activity of a heterogeneous islet population, serving as preliminary evidence that islets could be synchronized in vivo through oscillatory glucose levels produced by a liver-pancreas feedback loop.
Spatial heterogeneity in skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow distribution is increased in the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Frisbee Jefferson C. , Wu Fan , Goodwill Adam G. , Butcher Joshua T. , Beard Daniel A.
Published: July 2011

Previous studies have demonstrated that the metabolic syndrome is associated with impaired skeletal muscle arteriolar function, although integrating observations into a conceptual framework for impaired perfusion in peripheral vascular disease (PVD) has been limited. This study builds on previous work to evaluate in situ arteriolar hemodynamics in cremaster muscle of obese Zucker rats (OZR) to integrate existing knowledge into a greater understanding of impaired skeletal muscle perfusion. In OZR cremaster muscle, perfusion distribution at microvascular bifurcations (γ) was consistently more heterogeneous than in controls. However, while consistent, the underlying mechanistic contributors were spatially divergent as altered adrenergic constriction was the major contributor to altered γ at proximal microvascular bifurcations, with a steady decay with distance, while endothelial dysfunction was a stronger contributor in distal bifurcations with no discernible role proximally. Using measured values of γ, we found that simulations predict that successive alterations to γ in OZR caused more heterogeneous perfusion distribution in distal arterioles than in controls, an effect that could only be rectified by combined adrenoreceptor blockade and improvements to endothelial dysfunction. Intravascular 125I-labeled albumin tracer washout from in situ gastrocnemius muscle of OZR provided independent support for these observations, indicating increased perfusion heterogeneity that was corrected only by combined adrenoreceptor blockade and improved endothelial function. These results suggest that a defining element of PVD in the metabolic syndrome may be an altered γ at microvascular bifurcations, that its contributors are heterogeneous and spatially distinct, and that interventions to rectify this negative outcome must take a new conceptual framework into account.
Identification of a microRNA signature in renal fibrosis: role of miR-21
Authors: Zarjou Abolfazl , Yang Shanzhong , Abraham Edward , Agarwal Anupam , Liu Gang
Published: July 2011

Renal fibrosis is a final stage of many forms of kidney disease and leads to impairment of kidney function. The molecular pathogenesis of renal fibrosis is currently not well-understood. microRNAs (miRNAs) are important players in initiation and progression of many pathologic processes including diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. However, the role of miRNAs in kidney injury and repair is not well-characterized. In the present study, we found a unique miRNA signature associated with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis. We found altered expression in UUO kidneys of miRNAs that have been shown to be responsive to stimulation by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 or TNF-α. Among these miRNAs, miR-21 demonstrated the greatest increase in UUO kidneys. The enhanced expression of miR-21 was located mainly in distal tubular epithelial cells. miR-21 expression was upregulated in response to treatment with TGF-β1 or TNF-α in human renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro. Furthermore, we found that blocking miR-21 in vivo attenuated UUO-induced renal fibrosis, presumably through diminishing the expression of profibrotic proteins and reducing infiltration of inflammatory macrophages in UUO kidneys. Our data suggest that targeting specific miRNAs could be a novel therapeutic approach to treat renal fibrosis.
Effect of Cystamine on Blood Pressure and Vascular Characteristics in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Engholm M. , Eftekhari A. , Chwatko G. , Bald E. , Mulvany M.J.
Published: July 2011

Background: Tissue transglutaminase (t-TG) has been implicated in small artery remodelling. The aim of this study was to determine if cystamine, an inhibitor of t-TG, could reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and if so to what extent this is mediated through small arteries. Methods: In vitro inhibition of t-TG, with cystamine, was studied in organ culture and wire myograph setups in small mesenteric arteries obtained from SHR. In vivo treatment with cystamine (80 mg/kg/day) or amlodipine (10 mg/kg/day) was performed with osmotic pumps in adult SHR, and hemodynamic parameters determined with telemetry. Plasma concentrations of cystamine were determined with a liquid chromatography setup. Small arteries were harvested following administration of cystamine, and structural as well as functional characteristics were determined. Results: SHR small arteries showed inward remodelling following in vitro activation. Administration of cystamine caused attenuation of the inward remodelling induced by activation. In vivo administration of cystamine caused a 9 ± 2 mm Hg reduction in blood pressure, but with no detectable alterations in small artery structure. Conclusion: t-TG is potentially involved in vascular remodelling of SHR small arteries and results support a possible role for t-TG in blood pressure control.
Effect of Gap Geometry on Secondary Caries Wall Lesion Development
Authors: Nassar H.M. , González-Cabezas C.
Published: July 2011

Objective: To investigate how the size of the space between restoration and dentinal wall of the tooth affects the development of secondary caries lesions, especially wall lesions. Methods: Tooth-resin composite specimens were mounted on custom-made gap model stages and divided into 4 groups (n = 10): group 1 with a 30-µm gap throughout both enamel and dentin, group 2 with a 30-µm enamel gap and 530-µm dentinal gap, group 3 with 525-µm gaps in both enamel and dentin, and group 4 with 525-µm and 1,025-µm gaps in enamel and dentin, respectively. Specimens were gas sterilized and incubated in a cycling microbial caries model for 8 days and analyzed with confocal microscopy for lesion size at the enamel outer lesion (EOL), enamel wall lesion (EWL), dentin wall lesion A (DWL-A) next to the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) and dentin wall lesion B (DWL-B) at 750 µm from the DEJ. Results: No difference in EOL or EWL size was found between the groups. DWL-A and DWL-B were larger in group 3 than groups 1 and 2. A larger DWL-B was found in group 3 than group 4. Conclusions: The presence of additional space at the dentinal wall area did not affect secondary caries development as long as the enamel gap was small. However, with enamel gaps of approximately 500 µm, the presence of the additional gap space at the dentinal wall led to the development of smaller dentinal wall lesions at the deeper parts of the simulated cavity. In uniform gaps, the size of the interface was positively correlated with the size of the dentinal wall lesions.
Prospective association between self-reported life satisfaction and mortality: Results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg S3 survey cohort study
Authors: Lacruz Maria E , Emeny Rebecca T , Baumert Jens , Ladwig Karl H
Published: July 2011

Background

To identify factors which determine high life satisfaction (LS) and to analyse the prognostic influence of LS on mortality.

Methods

Data collection was conducted on 2,675 participants, age 25-74 years, as part of the MONICA Augsburg Project 1994-95. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with high LS (measured with one item, 6-level Likert scale, where "high" = very satisfied/most of the time very satisfied with ones personal life). After 12 years mean follow-up, a total of 245 deaths occurred. We calculated age- and sex-adjusted incident mortality rates per 10,000. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Independent determinants of LS were income, health-perception, and social support, as well as somatisation, anger or depressive symptoms (all p < 0.05). Participants with higher LS (n = 721, 27%) benefited the most with respect to absolute mortality risk reduction (higher LS = 67; mid = 98; low = 140 per 10,000). The sex-stratified analyses indicated an independent association of higher LS and survival for men (HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.37 - 0.81) but not for women.

Conclusions

Baseline assessment demonstrated that psychological, social and life-style factors, but not somatic co-morbidities, were relevant determinants of LS. Moreover, the analysis showed that men with higher LS have a substantial long-term survival benefit. The observed association between LS and mortality may be attributed to common underlying causes such as social network integration and/or self-rated health.
Mouse maternal systemic inflammation at the zygote stage causes blunted cytokine responsiveness in lipopolysaccharide-challenged adult offspring
Authors: Williams Charlotte L , Teeling Jessica L , Perry V Hugh , Fleming Tom P
Published: July 2011

Background

The preimplantation embryo is sensitive to culture conditions in vitro and poor maternal diet in vivo. Such environmental perturbations can have long-lasting detrimental consequences for offspring health and physiology. However, early embryo susceptibility to other aspects of maternal health and their potential long-term influence into adulthood is relatively unexplored. In this study, we established an in vivo mouse model of maternal periconceptional systemic inflammation by intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration on the day of zygote formation and investigated the consequences into adulthood.

Results

In the short term, maternal LPS challenge induced a transient and typical maternal sickness response (elevated serum proinflammatory cytokines and hypoactive behaviour). Maternal LPS challenge altered preimplantation embryo morphogenesis and cell lineage allocation, resulting in reduced blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM) cell number and a reduced ICM:trophectoderm cell ratio. In the long term, diverse aspects of offspring physiology were affected by maternal LPS treatment. Whilst birthweight, growth and adult blood pressure were unaltered, reduced activity in an open-field behaviour test, increased fat pad:body weight ratio and increased body mass index were observed in male, but not female, offspring. Most importantly, the maternal LPS challenge caused corticosterone-independent blunting of the serum proinflammatory cytokine response to innate immune challenge in both male and female offspring. The suppressed state of innate immunity in challenged offspring was dose-dependent with respect to the maternal LPS concentration administered.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate for the first time that the preimplantation embryo in vivo is sensitive to maternal systemic inflammation, with effects on blastocyst cell lineage allocation and consequences for behaviour, adiposity and innate immune response in adult offspring. Critically, we identify a novel mechanism mediated through maternal-embryonic interactions that confers plasticity in the development of the innate immune system, which is potentially important in setting postnatal tolerance to environmental pathogens. Our study extends the concept of developmental programming of health and disease to include maternal health at the time of conception.
Colorings of lattices based on subgroup orbits
Authors: Walo Ma. Lailani B. , Felix René P.
Published: July 2011

In this paper, orbit colorings of a lattice Λ were considered, extending the idea of obtaining lattice colorings based on cosets of a sublattice. Given a subgroup S of finite index in the symmetry group G of the lattice Λ, if T(S) is the subgroup of translations in G and L is the sublattice of Λ determined by T(S), then a homomorphism f from N = N

G
(T(S)) to the subgroup S

C
of permutations of the cosets of L in Λ is defined. This homomorphism was used to obtain S-orbit colorings of Λ and the corresponding color group H and color fixing group K. Moreover, S ker f ≤ K ≤ H ≤ N.
Periodic Space Partitioners (PSP) and their relations to Crystal Chemistry
Authors: Grin Yuri , Nesper Reinhard
Published: July 2011

We are looking back on 30 years development of periodic space partitioners (PSP) and their relations to their periodic relatives,i.e.minimal surfaces (PMS), zero potential surfaces (P0PS), nodal surfaces (PNS), and exponential scale surfaces. Hans-Georg von Schnering and Sten Andersson have pioneered this field especially in terms of applications to crystal chemistry. This review relates the early attempts to approximate periodic minimal surfaces which established a systematic classification of all PSP in terms space group symmetry and consecutive applications in a variety of different fields. A consistent nomenclature is outlined and different methods for deriving PSP are described. Characteristic structure factor sets which solely define PNS by can be used to discriminate structure types of a given symmetry or even to determine complicated crystal structures. The concept of PSP relates space group symmetry, topology, and chemical bonding in an intriguing way and tessellations on PSP which can be generated in a straight forward way allow to predict new framework types. Through transformation of such continuous topological forms a new entry has been found for understanding and interpreting reconstructive phase transitions. Finally we indicate the importance of PSP models for soft matter science.
Biomechanical and Psychosocial Work Exposures and Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Vineyard Workers
Authors: Bernard Christophe , Courouve Laurène , Bouée Stéphane , Adjémian Annie , Chrétien Jean‐Claude , Niedhammer Isabelle
Published: July 2011

Biomechanical and Psychosocial Work Exposures and Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Vineyard Workers: Christophe Bernard, et al. CCMSA, France—

Objectives

This study explored the associations between biomechanical and psychosocial work factors and musculoskeletal symptoms in vineyard workers.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was based on a random sample of 2,824 male and 1,123 female vineyard workers in France. Data were collected using a self‐administered questionnaire. Neck/shoulder, back and upper and lower extremity symptoms were evaluated using the Nordic questionnaire. Biomechanical exposures included 15 tasks related to vineyard activities. Psychosocial work factors included effort‐reward imbalance and overcommitment, measured using the effort‐reward imbalance model, and low job control and insuficient material means. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis, and the results were adjusted for age, body mass index, educational level, work status and years in vineyard.

Results

Pruning‐related factors increased the risk of upper extremity pain for both genders, of back pain for men and of neck/shoulder and lower extremity pain for women. Driving increased the risk of neck/shoulder and back pain among men. Psychosocial work factors, which were insuficient material means, overcommitment (both genders), effort‐reward imbalance (men) and low job control (women), were associated with musculoskeletal symptoms, back and upper extremity pain for both genders and neck/shoulder and lower extremity pain for men.

Conclusions

These results underlined that both biomechanical and psychosocial work factors may play a role in musculoskeletal pain among vineyard workers. Prevention policies focusing on both biomechanical and psychosocial work exposures may be useful to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms.
Study of Antiobesity Effects of Ethanolic and Water Extracts of Grapes Seeds
Authors: Arora Poonam , Ansari Shahid , Nazish Iram
Published: July 2011

Grapes seeds are rich source of polyphenolic compounds with potent antioxidant and have been reported beneficial for several health ailments. In the present study, the anti-obesity effect of grape seed extract in an animal model of high fat diet-induced obesity was investigated. Analysis of physiological parameters of high fat diet fed rats when treated with ethanol and water grape seeds extracts revealed significant (P<0.01) decrease in weight gain and food intake when compared with high fat diet rats. The results showed that the organ weight of the liver and adipose tissue weights of mesenteric, perirenal and uterine tissues in the HFD + GSAE and HFD + GSWE groups were significantly decreased as compared with the HFD group. Serum TG, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, glucose levels in the HFD + GSAE and HFD + GSWE groups were significantly decreased as compared with the HFD group. Histological study showed that the lipid droplets of heart and liver of rats with HFD + GSAE and HFD + GSWE diets were significantly smaller than those with HFD diets. These results demonstrate that intake of GSE can be beneficial for the suppression of HFD-induced obesity.
Le triomphe africain de 46 et l'idéologie césarienne
Authors: Voisin Jean-Louis
Published: July 2011

The fourfold triumph (over Gaul, Egypt, the Pontus, and Africa) which was celebrated by Cesar during Summer 46 has impressed the collective memory of the Ancients. Particularly, 20 texts emphasize the originality of the african triumph which marks from the three others in four ways. It was decreed even before the beginning of the hostilities. Octave was a party to it when he did not join in the war. Some portraits of roman getting killed generals and memories of citizens dead in Africa appeared in it. At last, an extraordinary pageant came Cesar home on this triumph evening.

Collated with the meaning of the triumph, the politics lead by Cesar, the perception of the suicide by roman society, the african triumph — far be a triumph of civil war — appears as a symbolical political movement. Cesar wants to blot the memories of the past civil war out. He proposes for the present time a peace and reconciliation program. He secures the future by introducing a successor.
Rachats d'entreprise avec endettement (LBO et MBO) : motivations micro-économiques, effets sur l'efficacité des entreprises et risques macro-économiques
Authors: Artus Patrick , Ducos Philippe , Lecointe François
Published: July 2011

Purchasing Firms with borrowed funds (Leveraged Buyouts and Management Buyouts): Micro-Economic Reasons, Effects on the Efficiency of the Firms and Macro-economic Risks,

by Patrick Artus, Philippe Ducos, François Lecointe.

After having summarized the main features of the LBO/MBO movement in the United States, we analyzed the microeconomic reasons behind such operations, comparing them to those involving the choice of the leverage of a high debt level and those of mergers and acquisitions, similar to the former in many respects. The typical LBO model is based on asymmetry in information and conflicts between managers and shareholders and the resulting loss of efficiency, in particular, as far as the choice of an investment programme is concerned. The microeconomic benefit of LBOs can however be offset by the increase in bankruptcy risk resulting from the increase in the debt level. It is not sure that, on the whole and at the macroeconomic level, LBOs have favourable effects. Lastly this point is examined from an empirical point of view using macroeconomic data for the United States.
Offre de travail et fiscalité : une revue de la littérature
Authors: Blundell Richard
Published: July 2011

Arbeitsangebot und Steuerpolitik: ein Überblick über die Fachliteratur,

von Richard Blundell.

In diesem Überblick über die Fachliteratur wird die Bedeutung aufgezeigt, die dem Verhalten des Arbeitsangebotes bei der wirtschaf tlichen Bewertung der Steuerreformen zukommt. Anhand der umfassenden Reformen, die in Großbritannien in den achtziger Jahren durchgeführt wurden, läßt sich die Reaktion der verschiedenen Wirtschaftssubjekte analysieren. Das Verhalten der verheirateten Frauen weist die größte Reagibilität gegenüber steuerrechtlichen Veränderungen auf . Daneben gibt es allerdings noch bestimmte andere Gruppen, die sich ebenfalls durch spürbare Schwankungen des Familieneinkommens und beträchtliche marginale Einkommensänderungen auszeichnen. Manche Reformen veranlassen diejenigen, die bereits über eine Beschaftigung verfugen, noch mehr zu arbeiten, während andere einen Anreiz für die Teilnahme am Arbeitsmarkt darstellen.
À propos de la tarification de l'assurance automobile
Authors: Bressand Claude
Published: July 2011

Die Festlegung der Kraftfahrzeugversicherungstarife,

von Claude Bressand.

Die Kriterien zur Festlegung der Kraftfahrzeugversichemngstarife werden in unterschiedlichen Fällen anhand der Theorie der optimalen Verträge untersucht: Welche Informationen sind verfügbar? Sind sie vollständig? Treten "moral hazard" und "adverse selection" getrennt oder gleichzeitig auf? Die Apriori-Klassifizierung der Versicherten und die erfahmngsmäßige Festlegung der Tarife werden erörtert.
Allocation du capital et chômage technologique d'exclusion
Authors: Blanchet Didier
Published: July 2011

Allocation du capital et chômage technologique d'exclusion,

par Didier Blanchet.

Cet article examine un effet possible des changements technologiques sur l'emploi : si la maîtrise des nouvelles techniques est inégalement répartie dans la population, et s'il y a concurrence pour l'utilisation d'un capital rare, alors l'emploi des actifs les moins productifs implique un coût d'opportunité qui peut être supérieur à leur production apparente, conduisant à leur rejet du marché du travail. Ce résultat tient aussi bien dans un contexte d'optimisation centralisée que d'équilibre concurrentiel.Il correspond dans ce dernier cas à un phénomène de chômage involontaire, que la flexibilité des salaires ne permet pas d'éviter. On étudie rapidement l' application du modèle à diverses questions: exclusion du marché du travail liée à l' âge, partage du travail, politiques redistributrices compensatrices, débouchés offerts par des emplois alternatifs peu capitalistiques.
Un monument dédié aux Proxsumae retrouvé dans la vallée du Rhône
Authors: Buisson André
Published: July 2011

La petit monument signalé par le CIL XII 1251 a pu faire l'objet d'un nouvel examen. Des éléments de l'inscription restent encore obscurs à cause des dégradations des bords de la pierre, mais le décor, très intéressant, permet d'apporter de nouvelles données à la connaissance de l'iconographie des Proxumae, triade de divinités dont le culte se distribue très étroitement dans la basse vallée du Rhône (rive gauche et rive droite).
Les milites Glanici : possibilités et probabilités
Authors: Le Bohec Yann
Published: July 2011

L'inscription AE, 1954, 102, date du IIe siècle. Elle mentionne non pas une unité régulière mais une milice locale, peut- être constituée pour lutter contre les bandes de Maternus. L'Hercule vainqueur qui y est honoré pourrait être l'empereur Commode.
La série de dédicaces julio-claudiennes de Ruscino, Château-Roussillon (Perpignan, Pyrénées-Orientales)
Authors: Rosso Emmanuelle
Published: July 2011

These twenty imperial dedicaces which are consecrated to fifteen members of the Julio-Claudian family at least, may be attributed to three periods: Augustean, Tiberian, perhaps Caligula's reign, according to the remains of inscriptions and colours of marbles used. These groups reflect the evolution of the dynastic propaganda: when Tiberius is reigning, aparticuliar tribute is given to Germanicus' family. The dedicaces went together with portraits-statues of the honoured personnages placed on tall pedestals in the forum of the town. The opistographic inscriptions might show traces of modifications made by the adjunction of new dedicaces. Senator P. Memmius

Regulus whose equestrian statue was in the middle of the forum must have been a very influent person at Ruscino, this fact may explain the presence of such an important collection.
The cognitive structure of Library and Information Science: Analysis of article title words
Authors: Milojević Staša , Sugimoto Cassidy R. , Yan Erjia , Ding Ying
Published: July 2011

This study comprises a suite of analyses of words in article titles in order to reveal the cognitive structure of Library and Information Science (LIS). The use of title words to elucidate the cognitive structure of LIS has been relatively neglected. The present study addresses this gap by performing (a) co‐word analysis and hierarchical clustering, (b) multidimensional scaling, and (c) determination of trends in usage of terms. The study is based on 10,344 articles published between 1988 and 2007 in 16 LIS journals. Methodologically, novel aspects of this study are: (a) its large scale, (b) removal of non‐specific title words based on the “word concentration” measure (c) identification of the most frequent terms that include both single words and phrases, and (d) presentation of the relative frequencies of terms using “heatmaps”. Conceptually, our analysis reveals that LIS consists of three main branches: the traditionally recognized library‐related and information‐related branches, plus an equally distinct bibliometrics/scientometrics branch. The three branches focus on: libraries, information, and science, respectively. In addition, our study identifies substructures within each branch. We also tentatively identify “information seeking behavior” as a branch that is establishing itself separate from the three main branches. Furthermore, we find that cognitive concepts in LIS evolve continuously, with no stasis since 1992. The most rapid development occurred between 1998 and 2001, influenced by the increased focus on the Internet. The change in the cognitive landscape is found to be driven by the emergence of new information technologies, and the retirement of old ones.
Post‐chemiluminescence determination of chloramphenicol based on luminol–potassium periodate system
Authors: Yang Xiao Feng , Li Nian Bing , Luo Hong Qun
Published: July 2011

A post‐chemiluminescence (PCL) phenomenon was observed when chloramphenicol was injected into a mixture of luminol and potassium periodate after the chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of luminol–potassium periodate had finished. The possible reaction mechanism was proposed based on studies of the CL kinetic characteristics, the CL spectra, the fluorescence spectra and the UV‐vis absorption spectra of the related substances. Based on the PCL reaction, a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of chloramphenicol was established. The linear response range was 6.0 × 10−7–1.0 × 10−5 mol/L, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9986. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for 5.0 × 10−6 mol/L chloramphenicol was 2.3% (n = 11). The detection limit was 1.6 × 10−7 mol/L. The method has been applied to the determination of chloramphenicol in pharmaceutical samples with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring the impact and potential of patient navigation
Authors: Esparza Angelina , Calhoun Elizabeth
Published: July 2011

In March 2010, the American Cancer Society hosted the National Patient Navigation Leadership Summit. The Summit organizers invited cancer clinicians, researchers, practicing public health experts, funders, and patient navigators to develop a national consensus on common outcomes of patient navigation. The goal of the Summit was to develop and propose core metrics for navigation programs to measure the impact on individuals and populations across the disease continuum. This article describes the Summit and outlines the need for such an endeavor in the effort to support the growth and sustainability of patient navigation.
Implementation of multi‐echo–based correlated spectroscopic imaging and pilot findings in human brain and calf muscle
Authors: Verma Gaurav , Lipnick Scott , Ramadan Saadallah , Nagarajan Rajakumar , Thomas M. Albert
Published: July 2011

Purpose:

To implement a spatially encoded correlated spectroscopic imaging (COSI) sequence on 3 Tesla (T) MRI/MR spectroscopy scanners incorporating four echoes to collect four phase‐encoded acquisitions per repetition time (TR), and to evaluate the performance and reliability of this four‐dimensional (4D) multi‐echo COSI (ME‐COSI) sequence in brain and calf muscle.

Materials and Methods:

Typical scan parameters for the 4D datasets were as follows: repetition time = 1500 ms, 2000 Hz bandwidth, 8 × 8 spatial encoding, one average, 64 Δt1 increments and the scan duration was 25 min. The performance and test–retest reliability of ME‐COSI were evaluated with phantoms and in the occipitoparietal brain tissues and calf of six healthy volunteers (mean age = 32 years old).

Results:

Regional differences in concentrations of lipids, creatine (Cr), choline (Ch), and carnosine (Car) were observed between spectra from voxels located in tibial marrow, tibialis anterior, and soleus muscle. Diagonal and cross‐peak resonances were identified from several brain metabolites including N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA), Ch, Cr, lactate (Lac), aspartate (Asp), glutathione (GSH), and glutamine\glutamate (Glx). Coefficients of variation (CV) in metabolite ratios across repeated measurements were <15% for diagonal and <25% for cross‐peaks observed in vivo.

Conclusion:

The ME‐COSI sequence reliably acquired spatially resolved 2D Correlated Spectroscopy (COSY) spectra demonstrating the feasibility of differentiating spatial variation of metabolites in different tissues. Multi‐echo acquisition shortens scan duration to clinically feasible times. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relationship between RGS5 expression and cancer differentiation and metastasis in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Huang Guichun , Song Haizhu , Wang Rui , Han Xiaodong , Chen Longbang
Published: July 2011

Background

Regulator of G‐protein signaling 5 (RGS5), a tissue‐specific signal regulating molecular, plays important roles in the development of vasculature. Recently, we have found that the mRNA level of RGS5 was oppositely related with tumor metastasis in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the distribution of RGS5 in NSCLC and its significance need further study. We therefore investigated the expression of RGS5 in NSCLC, as well as its relationship with clinicopathologic parameters.

Methods

Tumor tissues from 51 NSCLC patients were analyzed and expression of RGS5 in tumor tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry. Chi‐square test (or Fisher's exact test), Breslow test and multivariate Cox regression model were performed for statistical analysis.

Results

RGS5 were highly expressed in 47% (24/51) of NSCLC specimens. Expression of RGS5 was associated with tumor cell differentiation in NSCLC and low expression of RGS5 was strongly associated with cancer vasculature invasion and lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. Patients with high RGS5 expression in NSCLC had a prolonged progression free survival (15.0 months (95%CI: 6.1–23.9) vs. 6.0 months (95%CI: 1.3–10.7), P = 0.030).

Conclusion

RGS5 might be involved in cancer differentiation and metastasis in NSCLC. And it might be a candidate prognostic marker for PFS in NSCLC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012;105:420–424. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Atoh1 induces auditory hair cell recovery in mice after ototoxic injury
Authors: Kraft Shannon , Hsu Chi , Brough Douglas E. , Staecker Hinrich
Published: July 2011

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To evaluate the ability of the Ad28.gfap.atoh1 to promote hair cell regeneration and hearing recovery in cochlea injured with kanamycin and furosemide.

Study Design:

In vivo model of hair cell ablation and subsequent treatment with Atoh1.

Methods:

The hair cells of C57BL/6 mice were ablated with systemic administration of kanamycin and furosemide. The left ears were treated with Ad28.gfap.atoh1. The right ears were not treated. Preablation audiograms and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were compared to 1‐ or 2‐month postablation studies. Harvested cochleae were examined for histologic evidence of hair cell regeneration and spiral ganglion cell survival.

Results:

Delivery of Ad28.gfap.atoh1 results in development of auditory hair cells. There was no recovery of DPOAEs at 1 or 2 months post‐treatment. Two months after delivery of Ad28.gfap.atoh1, the left ear exhibited a moderate recovery of hearing at 4 and 8 kHz (P < .01). There was no significant difference at 16 or 32 kHz. One month after treatment, myosin VII‐positive immunohistochemical staining can be seen in both the inner and outer hair cells of the treated ear. In the untreated ear, minimal myosin VII‐positive debris is seen, with no indication of normal hair cells. Two months after ablation, there is evidence of hair cell recovery on the treated side, whereas the untreated cochlea demonstrates a flattened epithelium. Untreated ears showed decreased spiral ganglion cell density at the basal turn compared to treated ears.

Conclusions:

Ad28.gfap.atoh1 promotes hair cell regeneration in cochlea ablated with kanamycin and furosemide resulting in moderate hearing recovery.
Group Modelling and Integration of Multiple Perspectives in the Functional Selection of a New Technology: The Case of a Next‐generation Electronic Portfolio System
Authors: Mu Enrique , Wormer Sallie , Barkon Beverly , Foizey Roberta , Vehec MarK
Published: July 2011

Using a group decision‐making structured approach as the discussion framework, this study focuses on an 18‐month long development of a model for the selection of a next‐generation electronic portfolio at a higher‐education institution. Emphasis is given to the group decision‐making process that led to the development of a next‐generation ePortfolio selection model and how analytic hierarchy process methodology, implemented in the Decision Lens™ software (Decision Lens Inc. 4250 North Fairfax Dr. Suite 1410, Arlington, VA 22203), allowed the development and integration of decision‐making models from the perspective of each of the stakeholders: faculty, administration and students. The group decision‐making process described in this paper can be applied to the functional selection of any new technology where different organizational perspectives are present. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical design of novel triple‐passband microwave filters using frequency transformations method
Authors: Chen Jia , Liang Chang‐Hong , Chen Jian‐Zhong , Wu Bian
Published: July 2011

In this article, a triple‐band filter is presented.This design is based on the suitably defined frequency transformations and uses well‐established prototype synthesis techniques, and the coupling coefficients and the external quality factors can be calculated analytically. In the realization, the triple‐band resonator is utilized to replace each capacitance in the low‐pass prototype circuit as the building block of the triple‐band filter. To validate the synthesis method, a practical triple‐passband filter is designed and fabricated with passbands at 3.3–3.4 GHz, 3.5–3.6 GHz, and 3.7–3.8 GHz, respectively, which has a maximum return loss of 20 dB in each passband. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2199–2201, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26244
Convergence of certain class of enhanced spatial domain decompositions
Authors: Laviada Jaime , R. Pino Marcos , Las‐Heras Fernando
Published: July 2011

The analysis as a stationary method of the spatial domain decomposition (SDD) technique with several enhancements is studied in this article. In particular, we consider two of the most popular modifications of the SDD method: (i) extension of the domains and (ii) introduction of a relaxation parameter. Despite both modifications, we show that the method can still be formulated as a stationary method and, therefore, the convergence study can be derived from the iteration matrix. Several examples for three‐dimensional geometries are considered to check the validity of the formulation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2388–2393, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26245
Multiresonance coplanar waveguide‐fed monopole antennas with meander strips for GSM/GPS/PCS/DCS/WCDMA applications
Authors: Lee Kyunghaeng , Jee Yong
Published: July 2011

A multiband multiresonance coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed monopole antenna is proposed in this article. The antenna consists of various monopole strips of including a meander strip, a w‐shape strip, and an m‐shape strip for the multiresonance operation and miniaturization of antenna. The operation modes are associated with the length and shape of loading strips, in which the lower frequency bands vary along a long meander and the higher bands along an m‐shape. Experimental results showed that the impedance bandwidths of the multiresonant antenna less than −10 dB return loss were 8.4, 2.5, 17.6, and 19.3 % with omni‐directional radiation patterns at 860, 1570, 1860, and 2140 MHz, respectively, and those antenna gains were −2.13, −0.77, 1.25, and 2.45 dBi, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2438–2441, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26276
Theory and experiment on polarization‐dependent loss of magneto‐optical fiber Bragg grating system with a polarization controller
Authors: Chong‐Zhen L. I. , Bao‐Jian W. U.
Published: July 2011

The compensation effect of the fiber‐type polarization controller (FPC) for the intrinsic polarization‐dependent loss (PDL) of the magneto‐optic fiber Bragg grating (MFBG) is experimentally investigated and the experimental results are explained by the theoretical model of MFBG presented in the article. The use of FPC may improve the PDL response of the MFBG system to applied magnetic field. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2224–2228, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26287
Simultaneous investigation of cardiac pyruvate dehydrogenase flux, Krebs cycle metabolism and pH, using hyperpolarized [1,2‐13C2]pyruvate in vivo
Authors: Chen Albert P. , Hurd Ralph E. , Schroeder Marie A. , Lau Angus Z. , Gu Yi‐ping , Lam Wilfred W. , Barry Jennifer , Tropp James , Cunningham Charles H.
Published: July 2011

13C MR spectroscopy studies performed on hearts ex vivo and in vivo following perfusion of prepolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate have shown that changes in pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) flux may be monitored non‐invasively. However, to allow investigation of Krebs cycle metabolism, the 13C label must be placed on the C2 position of pyruvate. Thus, the utilization of either C1 or C2 labeled prepolarized pyruvate as a tracer can only afford a partial view of cardiac pyruvate metabolism in health and disease. If the prepolarized pyruvate molecules were labeled at both C1 and C2 positions, then it would be possible to observe the downstream metabolites that were the results of both PDH flux (13CO2 and H13CO3‐) and Krebs cycle flux ([5‐13C]glutamate) with a single dose of the agent. Cardiac pH could also be monitored in the same experiment, but adequate SNR of the 13CO2 resonance may be difficult to obtain in vivo. Using an interleaved selective RF pulse acquisition scheme to improve 13CO2 detection, the feasibility of using dual‐labeled hyperpolarized [1,2‐13C2]pyruvate as a substrate for dynamic cardiac metabolic MRS studies to allow simultaneous investigation of PDH flux, Krebs cycle flux and pH, was demonstrated in vivo. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen–deuterium exchange in vivo to measure turnover of an ALS‐associated mutant SOD1 protein in spinal cord of mice
Authors: Farr George W. , Ying Zheng , Fenton Wayne A. , Horwich Arthur L.
Published: July 2011

Mutations of cytosolic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in humans and overexpression of mutant human SOD1 genes in transgenic mice are associated with the motor neuron degenerative condition known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; Lou Gehrig's disease). Gain‐of‐function toxicity from the mutant protein expressed in motor neurons, associated with its misfolding and aggregation, leads to dysfunction and cell death, associated with paralyzing disease. Here, using hydrogen–deuterium exchange in intact mice in vivo, we have addressed whether an ALS‐associated mutant protein, G85R SOD1–YFP, is subject to the same rate of turnover in spinal cord both early in the course of the disease and later. We find that the mutant protein turns over about 10‐fold faster than a similarly expressed wild‐type fusion and that there is no significant change in the rate of turnover as animals age and disease progresses.
A vision‐based approach to behavioural animation
Authors: Renault Olivier , Thalmann Nadia Magnenat , Thalmann Daniel
Published: July 2011

This paper presents an innovative way of animating actors at a high level based on the concept of synthetic vision. The objective is simple: to create an animation involving a synthetic actor automatically moving in a corridor avoiding objects and other synthetic actors. To simulate this behaviour, each synthetic actors uses a synthetic vision as its perception of the world and so as the unique input to its behavioural model. This model is based on the concept of displacement local automata (DLA), which is similar to the concept of a script for natural language processing. A DLA is an algorithm that can deal with a specific environment. Two DLAs, called follow‐the‐corridor and avoid‐the‐obstacle, are described in detail.
The Renaissance Notion of Woman
Authors: Maclean Ian
Published: July 2011

This study of the world of scholarship and scholarly texts in the Renaissance, the so-called respublica literaria, affords insights into the intellectual infrastructure and modes of thought of the period by its examination of contemporary attitudes towards women. It addresses the questions: What is the notion of woman to be found in Renaissance texts, and how does it evolve? What is the relationship between the notion of woman and that of sex difference, and how is sex difference related in turn to other differences and to the concept of difference itself? Theology, medicine, ethics, politics, and law are examined in succeeding chapters. The threads of the investigation are then drawn together and Dr Maclean shows how the notion of woman was influenced by both forces of conservatism and forces which fostered change, forces which were to be found both inside the confines of intellectual life and beyond them. The final section offers a context for the understanding of European Renaissance feminism and sketches its connections with social and political evolution, humanist scholarship, religious thought and finally problems of language and expression.
Niels Bohr's Philosophy of Physics
Authors: Murdoch D. R.
Published: July 2011

This book gives a clear and comprehensive exposition of Niels Bohr's philosophy of physics. Bohr's ideas are of major importance, for they are the source of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum physics; yet they are obscure, and call for the sort of close analysis that this book provides. The book describes the historical background of the physics from which Bohr's ideas grew. The core of the book is a detailed analysis of Bohr's arguments for complementarity and of the interpretation which he put upon it. Special emphasis is placed throughout on the contrasting views of Einstein, and the great debate between Bohr and Einstein is thoroughly examined. The book traces the philosophical influences on Bohr, and unravels the realist and anti-realist strands in his thinking. Bohr's philosophy is critically assessed in the light of recent developments in the foundations of quantum physics (the work of Bell and others) and in philosophy (the realism-anti-realism debate) and it is revealed as being much more subtle and sophisticated than it is generally taken to be. While the book will be of interest to specialists, it is written in a style that will make it accessible to those who have no specialist knowledge of the relevant physics and philosophy.
The Elements of Aerofoil and Airscrew Theory
Authors: Glauert H.
Published: July 2011

More than half a century has elapsed since the first edition of The Elements of Aerofoil and Airscrew Theory appeared in 1926, a period in which massive advances have been made in the understanding and description of aerodynamic phenomena. Yet Glauert was an acknowledged master of his subject and his book remains the most lucid and best organised introduction to the fundamental principles of aerodynamics that has ever been written. This new paperback edition reprints the text of the second edition of 1947, with supplementary notes by H. B. Squire.