bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy transfer in photosynthesis mediated by resonant confinement of exciton-polariton
Authors: Yang Xu-Yun , Chen Yong-Cong , Lu Wen-Bin , Zhu Xiao-Mei , Ao Ping ,   Shanghai Center for Quantitative Life Sciences, Physics Department, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Published: August 2022

The ultra efficiency of energy transfer in photosynthesis has important biological significance. The underlying mechanism of energy transfer has never stopped being explored. Possible roles of quantum mechanics behind the natural phenomenon lead to many explorations in the field. Yet conventional mechanisms based on Förster resonance energy transfer or localized quantum coherence effects face certain challenges in explaining the unusual efficiency. We hereby bring up the attention of the dual properties of wave and particle of quantum mechanics into this context. In a previous research, we attributed the success of a similar efficiency in an artificial photosynthesis experiment to a mechanism mediated by resonant confinement of exciton-polariton. This paper extends the work to biological photosynthesis in higher plants and green sulfur bacteria. We explore specifically whether the exciton-polaritons of light-harvesting pigments, constrained by the optical cavity resonance, can act as intermediate states to mediate energy transfer. Namely, the pigments give a full play to their dual roles, receiving sunlight in the form of particle-like excitons, and rapidly transferring them to the reaction centers in the form of wave-like polaritons for maximal energy utilization. Taking realistic structure and data into account and based on approximate theoretical models, our quantitative estimate shows that such a mechanism is indeed capable of explaining at least partly the efficiency of photosynthesis. With comprehensive discussion, many deficits in the theoretical modeling can be reasonably reduced. Thus the conclusion may be further strengthened by realistic situations. Meanwhile, the underlying approach may also be extended to e.g. photovoltaic applications and neural signal transmissions, offering similar mechanisms for other energy transfer processes.
Multistability of fractional-order memristor-coupled heterogeneous neurons and its hardware realization
Authors: Ding Da-Wei , Lu Xiao-Qi , Hu Yong-Bing , Yang Zong-Li , Wang Wei , Zhang Hong-Wei ,   School of Electronic Information Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
Published: August 2022

There is heterogeneity among different neurons, and the activities of neurons are greatly different, so the coupling between heterogeneous neurons can show richer dynamic phenomena, which is of great significance in understanding the neural function of the human brain. Unfortunately, in many studies of memristive coupled neurons, researchers have considered two adjacent identical neurons, but ignored the heterogeneous neurons. In this paper, two models are chosen, i.e. a Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model and a Hopfield neuron model, which are very different from each other. The proposed fractional-order linear memristor and fractional-order hyperbolic memristor simulated neural synapses are introduced into the two heterogeneous neuron models, considering not only the coupling between the two neurons, but also the coupling between single neurons. The self-coupling of neurons, a five-dimensional fractional memristive coupled heterogeneous neuron model, is established. In the numerical simulation of the new neuron model, the phase diagrams, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent diagrams, and attraction basins are used to demonstrate the changes in coupling strength and other parameters in the memristive coupled heterogeneous neuron model, the new neuron model performance coexistence of different attractors. On the other hand, by changing the initial state of the system while keeping the relevant parameters of the system unchanged, the multistable phenomenon of the coupled heterogeneous neuron model can be observed. Using the phase diagram, the coexistence of different periods, and the phenomenon of period and chaos can be clearly observed. The coexistence of different attractor states can also be observed in the attractor basin. This has many potential implications for studying dynamic memory and information processing in neurons. Uncovering different types of multistable states from a dynamical perspective can provide an insight into the role of multistable states in brain information processing and cognitive function. Finally, the neuron model is implemented based on the micro control unit of the advanced RISC machine, and the phase diagram is observed under some parameters of the coupled neuron model on an oscilloscope. The experimental results show the validity of the theoretical analysis.
Machine learning-assisted discovery of growth decision elements by relating bacterial population dynamics to environmental diversity
Authors: Aida Honoka , Hashizume Takamasa , Ashino Kazuha , Ying Bei-Wen
Published: August 2022

Microorganisms growing in their habitat constitute a complex system. How the individual constituents of the environment contribute to microbial growth remains largely unknown. The present study focused on the contribution of environmental constituents to population dynamics via a high-throughput assay and data-driven analysis of a wild-type Escherichia coli strain. A large dataset constituting a total of 12,828 bacterial growth curves with 966 medium combinations, which were composed of 44 pure chemical compounds, was acquired. Machine learning analysis of the big data relating the growth parameters to the medium combinations revealed that the decision-making components for bacterial growth were distinct among various growth phases, e.g., glucose, sulfate, and serine for maximum growth, growth rate, and growth delay, respectively. Further analyses and simulations indicated that branched-chain amino acids functioned as global coordinators for population dynamics, as well as a survival strategy of risk diversification to prevent the bacterial population from undergoing extinction.
A new species of lotic breeding salamander (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae) from Shikoku, Japan
Authors: Kanamori Sally , Nishikawa Kanto , Matsui Masafumi , Tanabe Shingo
Published: August 2022

Background

Hynobius hirosei is a lotic-breeding salamander endemic to Shikoku Island in western Japan. Significant allozymic and morphological differences have been found among the populations of this species; however, the degree and pattern of intraspecific variation have not been surveyed using a sufficient number of samples.

Methods

For the taxonomic revision of H. hirosei, we conducted genetic and morphological surveys using samples collected throughout the distribution. Phylogenetic analysis using the cytochrome b region of mitochondrial DNA and population structure analysis using single nucleotide polymorphisms were conducted to evaluate the population structure within the species and the degree of genetic differentiation. Subsequently, a morphological survey based on multivariate and univariate analyses was performed to assess the morphological variation.

Results

Genetic analyses revealed three genetic groups (Tsurugi, Central, and Nanyo) within H. hirosei, with the Nanyo group distributed allopatrically from the others, and the Tsurugi and Central groups distributed parapatrically with the formation of a hybrid zone between them. The Nanyo group was morphologically distinguishable from the remaining samples, including the topotype of H. hirosei, based on a smaller body size and several ratio values of characters to snout-vent length, longer axilla-groin distance, shorter tail length, shorter internarial distance, longer upper eyelid length, and larger medial tail width. These results support the notion that the Nanyo group is an undescribed species. However, the remaining genetically differentiated groups could not be divided in the present study. Herein, we described the Nanyo group as a new species.
Expectations and Lived Experiences of Newly Hired Teachers in Public Elementary Schools of Bataraza, Palawan, Philippines
Authors: G. No Janice , U. Abdurakman Sitti Nyfel , Grace A. Robles Kathlene , C. Etom Norlinda , J. Ombao Celeste , M. Arawe Elsie
Published: August 2022

This qualitative study focuses on the expectations and lived experiences of the newly hired teachers in public elementary schools of Bataraza, Palawan, which was conducted between March to August 2022. The data were gathered through unstructured face-to-face interviews and transcribed using Colaizzi's method. Six (6) participants in their first to the third year in service were involved in this study through purposive sampling. The findings revealed that the participants had high and low expectations before they were hired as public school teachers. However, upon entering their working stations as beginning teachers, their experiences somewhat differed from their expectations on school locations, working with colleagues and administrators, relationship with the stakeholders, paperwork, teaching and classroom management, and salary. Therefore, it is recommended that the Department of Education look at the teachers’ well-being and strengthen the existing program that supports newly hired teachers.
Assessing the Implementation of Competency Based Approach in Primary Schools in Cameroon
Authors: Moluayonge Gracemary Eloheneke , Washi Sonnita
Published: August 2022

The objectives of this study were to investigate how CBA is implemented; to ascertain the implementation of CBA and how it affects the pupils’ academic performance; and to find out the challenges teachers face in the implementation of CBA in Primary Schools in Kumba sub division of Cameroon. A survey research design was used and the sample respondents and schools were selected using simple random sampling. This sample was madeup of 60 teachers from 6 schools (GS Fiango group I, GS Fiango group II, GBPS Kosala II, GBPS Kosala group III, GBPS Kosala group IV and GS Ekemba). A questionnaire was used to collect data. For administration of the instrument, the direct delivery method was used. Data collected was analyzed by both qualitative and quantitative methods. This study concluded from its findings that; The CBA is significantly being implemented by the teachers of primary schools in Kumba II sub-division; there is a significant relationship between teachers’ knowledge of the CBA and the effective implementation of the CBA in primary schools of Kumba II sub-division; teachers face several challenges while implementating CBA in primary schools in Kumba II sub-division. Based on these findings some recommendations were made.
Effect of Addition of Soybean Oil, Coconut Oil and Corn Oil to Commercial Feed on the Growth of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: John Ronaldo , Haetami Kiki , Rosidah . , Iskandar .
Published: August 2022

This study aims to determine the appropriate addition of vegetable oil to see the best growth of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) without reducing feed consumption. This study used a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. Treatment A (Control), Treatment B (4% soybean oil), Treatment C (4% coconut oil), and Treatment D (4% corn oil). Parameters observed were Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and water quality (Temperature, pH and DO). The results showed that treatment B (4% soybean oil) gave significantly different results on the parameters of SGR, while treatments C and D increased the fat content of red tilapia compared to the control treatment. The water quality parameter values are in good condition for the growth and survival of Red Tilapia. The highest SGR value in treatment B was 1.51%, treatment D was 1.10%, treatment A was 1.07%, and treatment C was 0.89%.
Icthyofaunal Diversity of Kavvayi Backwaters, Malabar Coast of India: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Jaleel K. Abdul , Mumthaz T. M. V. , Vinayan T. , George Thomas
Published: August 2022

Fish faunal diversity studies are of great importance for the effective utilization of valuable natural resources and to plan different conservation strategies. Studies on the diversity and richness of fish in Kavvayi backwaters are very rare. Hence, this study is aimed at exploring the fish resources, diversity and species richness of the fish fauna of Kavvayi backwaters of the Kerala coast, which has received very little attention hitherto. Monthly sample collections were made from four stations regularly for a period of one year, and the collection was done by netting with cast net and gill net. A total of 65 species under 51 genera, comprising 36 families belonging to 17 orders of fin fish fauna, were recorded from the Kavvayi backwater. Further studies are required to identify other fish species also and to ascertain the reasons for variations in fish faunal diversity in the Kavvayi backwater ecosystem.
Exam Anxiety among Medical Students in Dhaka City and Its Associated Factors-A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bonna Atia Sharmin , M. Sarwar A. S. , Md. Nasrullah Sarker , Bin Razzak Khandaker Sabit , Chowdhury Sharmina Rahman , Rahman Sabrina , Pavel Shahed Rafi
Published: August 2022

Exam anxiety can be term as a mental disorder found in most students. It is a kind of fear and scaredness for which students choose to avoid the feared situations such as exams. A little bit of anxiety is common before and during the examination. Still, it can negatively impact their mental health and academic performances when it is more than the threshold level. The reasons might be expectations and pressure from parents and for competition with other peers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students of Dhaka City in Bangladesh to see the status of examination phobia as they were usually going through lots of exam pressure than any other students. A structured questionnaire was used to conduct this study. WATS (West Side Test Anxiety Scale) was incorporated into the questionnaire to assess the phobia and anxiety levels of the students. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were performed for intensive analysis. Medical students must go through several different kinds of exams such as oral examination (viva), written, objective structured practical examination (OSPE), practical, short case, long case; all these things together play a contributing role in the induction of anxiety. More than 30% of students were suffering from moderate to severe examination anxiety, which compelled them to dropout or avoid the potential exams. The findings of this research can contribute significant impact on public health and mental health studies and the mental health professionals can provide policy guideline to the medical student to reduce exam anxiety. Further study needs to be done on a large scale to see a broad-spectrum scenario to assess the severity level of test anxiety and mental health status in the in the COVID-19 pandemic changing situation.
The Diversity of Medicinal Plants of the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan
Authors: Kr. Nepal Tej , Manita .
Published: August 2022

Most nations depend heavily on plants as economic resources. They can be categorized according to their contribution to economic development thanks to their taxonomic classes. Plant components are used in pharmaceutical research and the creation of novel medications in the healthcare industry. Plant components or herbal concoctions are utilized as herbal medicines in Bhutan and other parts of the world to treat various illnesses. The study aimed to list all the plants possessing medicinal properties from the published sources. The proponents of herbal medicine in Bhutan assert that plant parts contain a variety of phytochemicals that show a range of pharmacological and biological responses. The related data were searched online using various boolean operations. Bhutan is home to around 637 medicinal plant species under 132 families and 418 genera, of which only 229 species are used in Bhutanese traditional medicine. More research and interactions with the local traditional medicinal practitioners can reveal more plants with medicinal properties.
Assessment of Genetic Divergence in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes in Western U.P
Authors: Kumar Rupesh , Singh Bijendra , Tomar Harshit , Singh Sudhanshu , Veersain .
Published: August 2022

The present investigation was carried out with 20 genotypes of pea (Pisum sativum L.) at Horticulture Research Centre (HRC) of SVPUAT, Meerut, U.P, during 2021-22 to identify the nature and magnitude of genetic divergence among genotypes based on phenotypical traits using the multivariate analysis. The experiment was laid down in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The experiment has ten observations based on five randomly selected plants from each replication. D2 analysis grouped all 20 varieties into five clusters revealing the presence of considerable amount of variation among genotypes. Cluster pattern revealed that, clusters I and II had the highest number of 5 genotypes succeeded by cluster III with 4 genotypes, cluster IV and cluster V containing three genotypes each. Maximum intra cluster distances were recorded in cluster I (D2 =2.264) indicating maximum difference among the genotypes within the cluster and minimum intra cluster distance was recorded in cluster V (D2=1.481) whereas, Maximum inter-cluster distance (D2=5.211) was observed between cluster II and IV and the minimum was observed (D2=2.373) was observed between cluster III and V. The cluster means revealed the cluster IV was the best cluster for various characters like plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length, days to maturity and pod yield, providing upon the aim of breeding. Hence the potential genotype can opt from different clusters as parents.
Antibacterial Screening of Jatropha tanjorensis against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Ewa-Udu N. E. , C. Nwanebu F. , Stanley H. O. , W. Okereke I.
Published: August 2022

The crude extracts of Jatropha tanjorensis were investigated with the aim of determining the antibacterial activity, qualitative and quantitative properties, the best solvent used for extraction, the most active ingredients and the organism that is most susceptible to them. Ethanol, petroleum ether and water (warm) were used as solvents. Agar well diffusion method was used for the susceptibility of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the extracts, with streptomycin as positive control and sterile water as negative control. Ethanol extracts of the plant showed most activities, whereas petroleum ether and water (warm) extracts had no activity on the test organisms. The ethanol extracts of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with inhibition zone of 6.0±0.04 mm, 5.5±0.70 mm and 7.5±0.70 mm respectively. This study reveals that the ethanol extracts of Jatropha tanjorensis have antimicrobial effect on three test pathogens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Standardization of Drying Techniques of Dahlia, Larkspur and China Aster
Authors: Zomuansangi . , Singh Devi
Published: August 2022

The present experiment was carried out to standardize drying methods for Dahlia, Larkspur and China Aster and to assess the influence of drying and storage methods on storage quality of the dried flowers. Flowers of Dahlia, Larkspur and China Aster were subjected to seven different drying methods viz., shade drying method without embedding medium (T1), with sand embedding (T2) and with silica gel embedding (T3), microwave oven drying with sand (T4) and silica gel embedding (T5), hot air oven drying at 450C with sand (T6) and silica gel embedding (T7) and stored in cardboard and plastic boxes for three months. Data were statistically analyzed in Completely Randomized Design. The results indicated that in Dahlia, maximum moisture loss (88.25 %) and maximum per cent retention of perimeter (95.28) was observed in T7. In Larkspur, maximum moisture loss (73.43 %) was observed in T1 and maximum percent retention of perimeter (89.62 %) was observed in T4. In China Aster, maximum moisture loss (89.10 %) was observed in T5 and maximum percent retention of perimeter (95.29%) was observed in T6. Time taken for drying was found minimum in silica embedded drying in microwave oven in Dahlia (0.00208 days), Larkspur (0.00139 days) and China Aster (0.00278 days) while, shade dried flowers took maximum time to dry in Dahlia (14.0 days), Larkspur (12.0 days) and in China Aster (15.0 days). Maximum quality score on visual basis of color, appearance, texture and shattering of petals in dried flowers of Dahlia (15.73) was observed in T7, in T4 for Larkspur (15.63) and in T6 for China Aster (15.51). After 90 days of storage, minimum color fading in Dahlia, Larkspur and China aster was observed in flowers stored in plastic boxes while there was no incidence of pests or diseases observed during storage.
Comparative Efficacy of Insecticides, NSKE and Karanj Oil against Shoot and Fruit Borer, Earias vittella (Fabricius.) on Okra
Authors: Lella Nikhil , R. Tayde Anoorag , Sai Kommoji Phani
Published: August 2022

A field trail was conducted at Central Research Farm, SHUATS, Naini, Prayagraj, U.P. during kharif season of 2021. The field was laid in Randomised block Design with seven treatments replicated thrice viz., Neem oil 3%, Indoxacarb 14.5% SC, Lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC, NSKE 5%, Emamectin benzoate 5SG, Karanj oil 2%, Flubendiamide 480 SC along with control plot. The results after first and second spray revealed that among the different treatments, Emamectin benzoate 5SG (10.82% and 11.64%) recorded lowest percent infestation of Earias vittella followed by Flubendiamide 480 SC (15.92% and 17.25%), Indoxacarb 14.5SC (17.06% and 18.45%), Lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC (18.13% and 18.52%), Neem oil 3% (20.44% and 20.69%), NSKE 5% (21.44% and 21.12%) and Karanj oil 2% (24.16% and 23.61) was the least effective among all treatments with percent shoot and fruit infestation respectively. Among all treatments studied, the best and most economical treatment was Emamectin benzoate 5SG (1:5.60), Flubendiamide 480 SC (1:5.44), Indoxacarb 14.5SC (1:5.33), Lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC (1:5.08) followed by Neem oil 3% (1:4.89), NSKE 5% (1:4.81) and the least cost benefit ratio was observed in Karanj oil 2% (1:4.66) when compared to control plot (1:2.82).
Automated Transit Dissected: An Overview of Lawrence J. Fabian’s Writings
Authors: D. Cottrell Wayne
Published: August 2022

Lawrence J. Fabian (1945-2020) shared his expertise in automated public transportation, during a 40-year career, through his voluminous writings.  He defined automated transit as large, driverless vehicles operating on guide ways, with the primary potential benefit of high-frequency service.  One of his products was an annual, worldwide list of automated people movers (APMs).  The first, from the early 1980s, featured 20 operating lines.  By the 2000s, there were over 100 – today, there are over 200.  He introduced three APM classifications: architectural, institutional, and mass transit.  Architectural APMs operate within a single entity, such as an amusement park or airport.  Institutional APMs serve large developments, such as a resort center or district.  Mass transit APMs operate in an urban context. While his early APM lists were 50% architectural, 25% institutional, and 25% mass transit, there was a shift toward mass transit applications, particularly in Europe and Asia.  But, urban APM applications in the U.S. stalled after federal involvement during the 1970s and 1980s.  Fabian bemoaned the U.S. stagnation, while praising innovation and progress worldwide, noting the now-numerous driverless metros.  He suggested that private sector involvement might bring about more urban APMs in the U.S. A case study of the Las Vegas Monorail indicates, though, that it is difficult to keep a transit system afloat in the U.S. without government subsistence.  Another federal boost for driverless transit, now over 40 years since the Downtown People Mover Program, may be needed to bring U.S. urban APM use on par with that overseas. Minus this, the APM industry is nevertheless strong worldwide.
A Inserção da Mão-de-Obra Feminina na Indústria de Confecção no Ceará: O Caso das Cooperativas de Confecções do Maciço de Baturité
Authors: Coelho Maria Vilma
Published: August 2022

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A GLOBALIZAÇÃO E AS NOVAS EXPERIÊNCIAS DOS AGRICULTORES
Authors: Favero Celso Antonio
Published: August 2022

Com este artigo, examinamos as mutações que se operam no nível das experiências de agricultores envolvidos pelas dinâmicas da globalização. O eixo da análise se articula em torno de práticas de atores inseridos em contextos ao mesmo tempo assimétricos e marcados por grandes analogias. De acordo com a nossa hipótese básica, os anos 80 marcam para a agricultura mundial o esgotamento do produtivismo, caracterizado como um modelo pautado pelas idéias de nacional, universal e hierarquia, e a emergência das dinâmicas da globalização, que são ao mesmo tempo de alargamento e estreitamento das fronteiras dos espaços sociais. Para a realização dessa análise, examinamos os casos americano e brasileiro. Em ambos, as realidades são profundamente heterogêneas, favorecendo a emergência de experiências também diversificadas, freqüentemente articuladas em redes, sem sacrificar a originalidade. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Globalização, produtivismo, agricultura, cadeias produtivas, organização de produtores. GLOBALIZATION AND PLANTERS’ NEW EXPERIENCES This paper analyzes the changes fostered by the experiences of planters involved in the globalization dynamics. The main focus of the analysis is the practice of the participants of the contexts, which are at the same time asymmetric and marked by great analogies. According to our basic hypothesis, in terms of agriculture, the 1980s are a landmark of international productiveness depletion, characterized as a model oriented by the ideas of the national, universal and hierarchical aspects, and by the globalization dynamics, representing simultaneously the expansion and restriction of the social space borders. The Brazilian and the American cases were analyzed. Both realities are deeply heterogeneous enabling experiences that are also diversified and frequently articulated into networks, without compromising their original features. KEYWORDS: Globalization, productivity, agriculture, productive chains, organization of producers. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
OS MISERÁVEIS E A OCUPAÇÃO DOS ESPAÇOS PÚBLICOS
Authors: Pessanha Delma
Published: August 2022

A rua, concebida como espaço público, se organiza por referência a instituições e sistema de hierarquias que definem e legitimam os papéis que nela vão sendo construídos e reconhecidos. A coexistência de pluralidade de usos, de interesses e de atividades se torna possível por negociações recorrentes, que objetivam a construção de acordos ou consentimentos forçados. Os indivíduos que a ela acedem, visando se integrar criativamente a um modo de vida e/ou um conjunto de atividades produtivas, devem se inserir numa rede de comunicação, de troca de informação, de apoio e de aliança de interesses. O artigo analisa a rede de formação complexa que tangencia os representantes das múltiplas ordens que investem na gestão do espaço público e os reconhecidos moradores de rua e os trabalhadores de rua. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Espaços coletivos, reterritorialização, fronteira em movimento, população de rua, ordens sociais e negociações. THE MISERABLE ONES AND THE PUBLIC SPACES OCCUPATION When conceived as a public space, the street is organized in terms of institutions and hierarchical systems that define and legitimize the roles being developed and recognized on it. The coexistence of the plurality of uses, interests and activities is made possible by recurring negotiations, whose objective is the construction of agreements or forced consents. The individuals that recur to it, trying to integrate themselves creatively to a way of life and/or to a set of productive activities must be inserted in a system of communications, exchange of information, support and alliance of interests. The article analyzes the system of complex formation that show divergence regarding the representative of multiple orders that invest in the public space management, and the acknowledged street populations and street workers. KEY WORDS: Collective spaces, redefinition of territory, frontier in movement, street population, social orders and negotiations Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
CONTEXTO SOCIAL, CONDIÇÕES DA PESQUISA E POSTURA DOS ENTREVISTADOS
Authors: Pierret Janine
Published: August 2022

Este texto compara duas pesquisas de caráter qualitativo, realizadas num intervalo de seis anos, que tratam da vida citadina de pessoas contaminadas pelo vírus da AIDS. Após re-situar o contexto social e científico específico de cada uma das pesquisas, buscase analisar as condições da pesquisa e o dispositivo1 de coleta dos dados, de forma a compreender-se as diferenças de postura dos entrevistados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Contexto social, pesquisa comparativa, pesquisa qualitativa, postura do entrevistado, AIDS. SOCIAL CONTEXT: RESEARCH CONDITION AND INTERWIEES’ ATTITUDE This text compares researches of two qualitative features, carried out in a six-year interval, dealing with the city life of those infected by the AIDS virus. After redefining the specific social and scientific context of each one of the researches, it tries to analyze the research condition and the collection of data, so as to understand the interviewees' different attitude. KEY WORDS: Social context, comparative research, qualitative research, interviewee's attitude and AIDS Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
PALAVRAS EM BUSCA DE CORPOS E TERRAS: IDENTIDADE, IDENTIFICAÇÃO, POLÍTICAS DE IDENTIDADE - LEITURAS DE ESQUERDA
Authors: Garcia Mary
Published: August 2022

Neste texto discute-se os conceitos de identidades, identificações e políticas de identidades, ressaltando posições de autores marxistas e/ou à esquerda em terreno hoje considerado como “descoberto” por autores pósmodernos. Destaca-se a potencialidade de autores que apostam em “desidentificações” e “políticas de localização”, relaciona-se o debate sobre políticas de identidade aos sujeitos históricos modelados pelas relações de produção as classes sociais. A intenção é indicar, de forma panorâmica, a diversidade de vetores, mesmo à esquerda, nos debates sobre políticas de identidade, ressaltando o caso dos EEUU, as formas de acessar o debate por autoras afro-latinas, frisando a importância de terras e corpos, datações, acompanhamento de processos e localizações. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Identidade, movimentos sociais, esquerda, América Latina, políticas de identidade. WORDS LOOKING FOR BODIES AND LANDS IDENTITY, IDENTIFICATION AND POLITICS OF IDENTITY - A READING FROM THE LEFTMary Garcia CastroThe concepts of identity, identification and politics of identity are mapped, considering contemporary marxists authors and those from cultural studies with a left oriented critics. “Localization theory” or “grounded theory” and the concept of “non identity” or “des-identification” are briefly presented, as well as references to Latinas authors. The US debate on the concept of politics of identity is mentioned, stressing the importance to refer to history and projects on the humanity and political economy. KEYWORDS: Identity, identification, politics of identity. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
O LADO LATINO DA AVENIDA MADISON: A PUBLICIDADE E AS FICÇÕES DA CULTURA LATINA
Authors: Davila Arlene
Published: August 2022

Com o rápido crescimento da chamada população latina em Nova York e em particular com as implicações das migrações cubanas e portoriquenhas, a indústria publicitária hispânica ganha um impulso de desenvolvimento, a partir sobretudo da década de 60. Hoje, os latinos representam um importante segmento do mercado consumidor norte-americano. Diante desse crescimento da indústria de marketing hispânico nos EUA, o texto levanta questões sobre a latinidade como forma de homogeneização de uma população heterogênea e sobre as estratégias de auto-representação comercial e identificação produtor/produto/consumidor, forjadas na noção de autenticidade. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Nova York, migração, latinos, mercado/mídia; autenticidade/auto-representação. MADISON AVENUE LATIN SIDE: ADVERTISING MESSAGE AND LATIN CULTURE FICTIONS Arlene Davila The Hispanic publicity industry had a development burst, mainly in the 60s, with the quick growth of the so called Latino population in New York, especially with the Cuban and Puerto Rican migration implications. Nowadays, the Latinos represent an important segment of the North-American consumer market. The text raises issues on Latinism as a way of homogenizing a heterogeneous population, facing the growth of the Hispanic marketing industry in the United States. It also focus on the commercial selfrepresentation and producer-product/consumer identification forged in the concept ofauthenticity. KEYWORDS: New York, migration, Latinos, market/media, authenticity/self-representation. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
DETERMINANTES DE LA EMIGRACIÓN CUBANA ACTUAL Y SU IMPACTO EM LA REDEFINICIÓN DEL FENÓMENO
Authors: Chávez Ernesto Rodríguez
Published: August 2022

Estúdio sobre las motivaciones y aspiraciones a nivel individual de la masa en riesgo de emigrar de Cuba, partiendo del nuevo contexto en que se encuentra la emigración cubana desde los años 90, teniendo en cuenta un grupo de presupuestos para una comprensión más amplia de las determinantes de la emigración hoy y haciendo un análisis de estas determinantes desde la perspectiva de motivaciones y aspiraciones de los indivíduos que están por convertir en acto su decisión de abandonar el país. PALABRAS-CLAVES: Emigración, Cuba, años 90, determinantes, fenómeno. PRESENT CUBAN EMIGRATION DETERMINANTS AND ITS IMPACT IN REDEFINING THE PHENOMENON Ernesto Rodriguez Chávez Study on the motivations and aspirations of the mass of people that runs the risk of emigrating from Cuba, based on the new context that the Cuban emigration has been facing since the 90s. For a broader understanding of the present emigration determinants, it takes into account a number of pre-suppositions. It analyzes them based on the motivations and aspiration perspective of those who are about to put into practice the decision of abandoning the country. KEYWORDS: Emigration, Cuba, 90s, determinants, phenomenon. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
NUEVA YORK, LA CIUDAD DE LA DIÁSPORA: «LATINOS» AQUÍ Y ALLÁ
Authors: Flores Juan
Published: August 2022

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REPRESENTAÇÕES DAS MULHERES NO IMAGINÁRIO BRASILEIRO: DA COLONIZAÇÃO AO SURGIMENTO DA NAÇÃO
Authors: Arruda Angela
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho discute representações sobre a mulher no imaginário brasileiro, em particular as mulheres índias e negras, detendo-se, particularmente, em dois momentos: a colonização portuguesa e o momento do estabelecimento do Brasil-Nação. A instituição imaginária da sociedade brasileira se desenha, esboçando, ao mesmo tempo, a figura feminina dentro de um molde marcado pelas representações hegemônicas, que hesitam em incorporar outros modelos de mulher existentes em cada período. Aponta para a presença de um padrão de construção desse imaginário apoiado na ambigüidade e indica o interesse de considerar tais aspectos vistos historicamente, para chegarmos a entender representações circulantes na sociedade nos dias de hoje. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Representações sociais, imaginário, mulheres índias, mulheres negras. REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN THE BRAZILIAN IMAGINARY: FROM COLONIZATION TO THE SPRINGING UP OF THE NATION This paper addresses representations of women in the Brazilian imaginary, particularly of Indian and Black women, focusing specifically on two instances: the Portuguese colonization and the establishment of the Nation-Brazil. The imaginary institution of the Brazilian society is drawn, along a simultaneous outlining of the female figure within a pattern marked by hegemonic representations, which hesitate in incorporating other existing female patterns in each period. It points out to the presence of the building up of such pattern supported by ambiguity, and it indicates the interest in considering such aspects through a historical perspective in order to allow an understanding of the representations which are present nowadays. KEYWORDS: Social representations, imaginary, Indian women, Black women. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
TEORIZAÇÃO FEMININA SOBRE NAÇÃO E ESTADO
Authors: Schiller Nina Glick
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é iniciar a tarefa de aproximar a crítica feminista do estado-nação à recente antropologia da migração transnacional. Estamos particularmente interessadas no modo como as categorias de gênero delineiam a relação de migrantes transnacionais com os estados-nação. Depois de explorar os pressupostos teóricos desta pesquisa, explicaremos sua aplicação a partir de um estudo de caso da migração transnacional haitiana para os Estados Unidos. Nossa análise se baseia na voz de 109 homens e mulheres, na sua maioria pobre ou de classe média baixa, que entrevistamos no Haiti em 1996. Também nos fundamentaremos em mais de três décadas de estudos que vimos conduzindo sobre a migração haitiana, incluindo observação participante e entrevistas conduzidas tanto em Nova Iorque, quanto em Port-au-Prince e Aux Cayes no Haiti. Nossa pesquisa, em 1996, teve o objetivo de explorar as relações entre os indivíduos que permaneceram no Haiti e os que fixaram residência no exterior. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Crítica feminista contemporânea, Estado-Nação, migrações transnacionais, imigração haitiana. FEMINIST THEORIZING OF THE NATION AND STATE The purpose of this paper is to begin the task of bringing together the feminist critique of the nation-state and the recent anthropology of transnational migration. We are particularly interested in the way in which categories of gender shape the relationship of transnational migrants to nation-states. After exploring the theoretical underpinnings of this inquiry, we will explicate its utility by drawing from a case study of Haitian transnational migration to the United States. Our analysis draws on the voices of 109 men and women we interviewed in Haiti in 1996, most of whom were either poor or part of the struggling middle class. We also draw on our more than three decades of study of Haitian migration which has included participant observation and structured interviews conducted both in New York City and in Port-au-Prince and Aux Cayes in Haiti. Our 1996 research was designed to explore the relationships between persons in Haiti and those who have settled abroad. KEYWORDS: Contemporary feminist critique, Nation-State, transnational migrations, Hatian immigration. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Adeus ao Trabalho? Ensaio sobre as metamorfoses e a centralidade do mundo do trabalho
Authors: Batista Jair
Published: August 2022

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Cognitive Flexibility and Perceived Social Support as Predictors of Coping Skill with School Burnout
Authors: GÜNDOĞAN Selim
Published: August 2022

Okul tükenmişliği durumu hemen hemen her öğrencinin okul yaşamında belli dönemlerde yaşadığı bir durumdur. Alanyazında okul tükenmişliğinin çok yönlü olarak inceleme konusu yapıldığı, ancak okul tükenmişliğiyle başa çıkma becerisinin sınırlı kaldığı dikkat çekmektedir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmada okul tükenmişliğiyle başa çıkma becerisi üzerinde bilişsel esnekliğin ve algılanan sosyal desteğin yordayıcı rolü incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın verileri araştırmacı tarafından araştırmanın amacı açıklanarak ve katılımın gönüllü olduğu vurgulanarak çeşitli liselerde eğitimine devam eden lise öğrencileri üzerinde toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın katılımcı grubunu 200’i (%56) kız ve 155’i (%44) erkek olan toplam 355 lise öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın verileri “Okul Tükenmişliğiyle Başa Çıkma Becerisi Ölçeği”, “Bilişsel Esneklik Ölçeği” ve “Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın verilerinin analizinde korelasyon ve hiyerarşik regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Hiyerarşik regresyon analizi sonucunda bilişsel esnekliğin ve algılanan sosyal desteğin okul tükenmişliğiyle başa çıkma becerisinin anlamlı birer yordayıcısı olduğu bulunmuştur. Çalışmada ulaşılan sonuçlar alanyazın bağlamında tartışılmış ve sahadaki uygulamacılar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Association Between Medicaid Managed Care Coverage of Substance Use Services and Treatment Utilization
Authors: Auty Samantha G. , Cole Megan B. , Wallace Jacob
Published: August 2022

Importance

Medicaid insures a disproportionate share of adults with substance use disorder (SUD) and is thus uniquely positioned to facilitate access to care. Many enrollees receive coverage through Medicaid managed care (MMC) plans, which receive capitated payments in exchange for coverage of a defined set of benefits. Historically, coverage of substance use services has been carved out of MMC plans and financed fee-for-service (FFS) by state Medicaid programs, but in recent years, many states have opted to carve in this benefit. Little is known about whether MMC coverage of substance use services, relative to FFS coverage, is associated with changes in utilization.

Objective

To examine the association between changes in MMC coverage of substance use services and admissions for substance use treatment.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study examined changes in admissions for substance use treatment in 2 states after coverage of substance use services was either carved into (Nebraska) or carved out of (Maryland) comprehensive MMC coverage. Synthetic control methods were used to compare changes in admissions between states that did and did not alter MMC coverage of substance use services. Data on substance use treatment admissions were obtained from the Treatment Episode Data Set—Admissions from 2010 to 2019.

Exposures

Carve-outs or carve-ins of coverage for both inpatient and outpatient substance use services from comprehensive MMC coverage.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Reported substance use treatment admissions per 100 000 residents and admissions by treatment type (ie, rehabilitation or residential, outpatient, and detoxification) per 100 000 residents.

Results

Maryland’s carve-out was associated with an additional mean 787.1 (95% CI, 624.6-1141.7) substance use admissions per 100 000 residents during 2015 and 2016, a relative increase of 104.4% (95% CI, 64.4%-154.1%) compared with its synthetic control. This increase was concentrated among changes in outpatient services utilization. In Nebraska, the carve-in was associated with a mean decrease of 97.2 (95% CI, −23.4 to 213.6) admissions per 100 000 residents, a relative decrease of 33.2% (95% CI, −54.1% to 29.6%) compared with its synthetic control and was concentrated primarily among admissions for detoxification services.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that carving out coverage of substance use services and financing them through FFS coverage may be associated with overall increases in treatment utilization but with heterogeneous associations across states and treatment types.
Perceptions of Facilitators and Barriers to Implementation of Falls Prevention Programs in Primary Health Care Settings in China
Authors: Ye Pengpeng , Jin Ye , Er Yuliang , Yin Xuejun , Yao Yao , Li Bingqin , Zhang Jing , Ivers Rebecca , Keay Lisa , Duan Leilei , Tian Maoyi
Published: August 2022

Importance

Falls have become a major public health issue in China with population aging. Although falls prevention for older community-dwelling people has been included in the National Essential Public Health Service Package since 2009, there is limited understanding of the implementation of this program.

Objective

To identify the associated factors and provide recommendations to inform the better implementation of falls prevention in the Chinese primary health care system.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This qualitative study was conducted in 3 purposively selected cities in China from March 1 to June 7, 2021. Health administrators from the local health commission or bureau, staff members from local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and primary health care facilities and community-dwelling older people were recruited, using a combination of purposive sampling and snowball sampling.

Main Outcomes and Measures

In-depth interviews were conducted with health administrators and focus groups with other participants. Data analysis followed the guidance of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Study outcomes included facilitators and barriers of implementing falls prevention for older people in the Chinese primary health care settings. A framework with recommendations was developed to inform the future intervention implementation.

Results

Among a total of 130 participants interviewed, 77 (59.2%) were female and the mean (SD) age was 47.4 (16.7) years. Clear recognition of the challenges and benefits of falls prevention, adaptive regionally tailored guidance plans, and continuous governmental policy and financial support were the major facilitators, whereas the major barriers consisted of insufficient confidence in delivering interventions and poor understanding of the falls burden, low recognition of the importance of falls prevention, limited multisectoral collaboration, and weak financial incentives. A 7-strategy embedded framework—including data-driven surveillance, audit and feedback, implementation strategy, workforce strengthening, community empowerment, internal services integration, and external enabling environment—was developed to foster successful implementation.

Conclusions and Relevance

This qualitative study identified major facilitators and barriers to the implementation of falls prevention for older people at the primary care level, which have the potential to contribute to better implementation of falls prevention for older people in the Chinese primary health care system.
Association of hairdressing with cancer and reproductive diseases: A systematic review
Authors: Babić Željka , Macan Marija , Franić Zrinka , Hallmann Sarah , Havmose Martin S , Johansen Jeanne D , John Swen M , Symanzik Cara , Uter Wolfgang , Weinert Patricia , van der Molen Henk F , Kezic Sanja , Turk Rajka , Macan Jelena
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To review recent epidemiological studies investigating carcinogenic or reprotoxic effects among hairdressers who seem to be at greater risk for systemic adverse effects of chemicals released from hair care products than consumers.

Methods

A systematic review according to the PRISMA-P guidelines was performed and included studies published from 2000 to August 2021, in which cancer or adverse reproductive effects were diagnosed in 1995 and onward. Data were synthetized qualitatively due to the small number of studies, heterogeneity of study designs, outcomes, and methods.

Results

Four studies investigating cancer frequencies and six studies investigating effects on reproduction among hairdressers were identified. All were of good quality and with low risk of bias. Only one of the four studies found an increased risk of cancer reporting nine times higher odds for bladder cancer in hairdressers than the population-based controls. Three other studies investigating bladder and lung cancer, and non-Hodgins lymphoma did not find an increased risk in hairdressers. Regarding reprotoxic effects, numerous outcomes were investigated including menstrual disorders, congenital malformations, fetal loss, small-for-gestational age newborns, preterm delivery, and infertility. Increased risk was found for ventricular septal defect in newborns of fathers working as hairdressers. Furthermore, several indices of poor neonatal or maternal health were significantly associated with mothers working as hairdresser.

Conclusions

Despite the scarce evidence that hairdressers are at increased risk of carcinogenic or reprotoxic effects related to their trade, such health risks cannot be ruled out. Therefore, preventive efforts to diminish occupational exposures to hairdressing chemicals should be targeted.