bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burden of disease: A scoping review of HIV/AIDS and TB in occupational noise-induced hearing loss
Authors: Khoza-Shangase Katijah
Published: March 2020

Background: Occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL) does not occur in isolation from other influencing factors such as health conditions and illnesses like human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV and AIDS), as well as tuberculosis (TB). How the burden of disease influences the occurrence and/or management of ONIHL becomes a key if the goal of hearing conservation programmes (HCPs) is to be achieved within these contexts.Objectives: The purpose of this scoping review was to conduct an investigation on how the burden of disease’s influence on ONIHL is reported in literature, with a specific focus on the most prevalent diseases in South African mines – HIV and AIDS and TB.Method: A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. A search was conducted in five electronic bibliographic databases and the grey literature.Results: The search procured 10 publications, with two specific to ONIHL within the South African context. In addition to the two publications specific to TB and ONIHL, findings revealed a serious gap in the evidence around the scoping review question globally. This obvious lack of investigations into the influence of these two conditions in the South African mining context raises serious implications about the responsiveness, and proactive nature of HCPs within this population.Conclusion: Considering the burden of diseases on otology and audiology is critical as certain diseases cause hearing impairment either as a primary effect, as a secondary/opportunistic effect or as a side effect of treatment options for that disease. An employee suffering from any such disease with concomitant exposure to hazardous noise levels presents an even bigger challenge to HCPs if such is not taken into consideration in the conception, implementation and monitoring of HCPs.
Factors Influencing the Sustainability of Neglected Tropical Disease Elimination Programs: A Multi-Case Study of the Kenya National Program for Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis
Authors: Thuo Irene Wangeci , Ndiaye Khadidiatou , Mookherji Sangeeta
Published: March 2020

Elimination of a disease is the holy grail in global health. The pathology of several neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) such as lymphatic filariasis (LF) makes elimination a reality. However, successful elimination requires that NTD programs be sustainable—the ability to confirm that the disease has been eliminated and the capacity to ensure that it does not return. The WHO’s guidelines on NTDs thoroughly detail how to reach elimination. Notwithstanding, comprehensive guidance regarding contextual and programmatic factors that influence sustainability is lacking. Moreover, a comprehensive NTD sustainability framework that includes these factors is nonexistent. This research aimed to develop a framework that identified the critical programmatic and contextual factors influencing sustainability of NTD elimination programs. The methodology included a literature review and a multiple case study. The literature review had two objectives: the first was to identify unique attributes of NTD elimination programs that should be considered when planning for sustainability and the second was to identify an existing sustainability framework that could be adapted to NTD elimination programs. The literature review resulted in a draft sustainability framework that was then tested, using a multi-case study methodology, on the Kenya National Program for Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis. The result is the first comprehensive NTD sustainability framework that identifies key contextual and programmatic factors that influence NTD sustainability. This framework is an invaluable resource for practitioners and policy makers alike as many countries start to eliminate NTDs.
Cytokine Expression in Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Patients with Bleeding and Severe Hepatitis
Authors: Imad Hisham Ahmed , Phumratanaprapin Weerapong , Phonrat Benjaluck , Chotivanich Kesinee , Charunwatthana Prakaykaew , Muangnoicharoen Sant , Khusmith Srisin , Tantawichien Terapong , Phadungsombat Juthamas , Nakayama Emi , Konishi Eiji , Shioda Tatsuo
Published: March 2020

Dengue is the most common mosquito-borne flaviviral infection in the world today. Several factors contribute and act synergistically to cause severe infection. One of these is dysregulated host immunological mediators that cause transient pathophysiology during infection. These mediators act on the endothelium to increase vascular permeability, which leads to plasma leakage compromising hemodynamics and coagulopathy. We conducted a prospective study to explore the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and how they relate to clinical dengue manifestations, by assessing their dynamics through acute dengue infection in adults admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand. We performed cytokine analysis at three phases of infection for 96 hospitalized adults together with serotyping of confirmed dengue infection during the outbreaks of 2015 and 2016. The serum concentrations of seven cytokines (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma) were measured in duplicate using a commercial kit (Bio-Plex Human Cytokine Assay). In this study, the cytokine profile was suggestive of a T-helper 2 response. Most patients had secondary infection, and the levels of viremia were higher in patients with plasma leakage than those without plasma leakage. In addition, we observed that bleeding and hepatitis were associated with significantly higher levels of IL-8 during the early phases of infection. Furthermore, IL-6 levels in the early phase of infection were also elevated in bleeding patients with plasma leakage. These results suggest that IL-6 and IL-8 may act in synergy to cause bleeding in patients with plasma leakage.
MiRNA-146a Polymorphism Was Not Associated with Malaria in Southern India
Authors: van Loon Welmoed , Gai Prabhanjan P. , Kulkarni Suyamindra S. , Rasalkar Rashmi , Siegert Konrad , Wedam Jakob , Boloor Archith , Baliga Shantaram , Kumar Arun , Jain Animesh , Mahabala Chakrapani , Shenoy Damodara , Devi Rajeshwari , Gai Pramod , Mockenhaupt Frank P.
Published: March 2020

Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in immune regulation, and a common miRNA-146a polymorphism (rs2910164) increased the odds of falciparum malaria in pregnant African women. Here, we examined whether this association holds true in a different population, that is, 449 mainly male and adult malaria patients and 666 community controls in southwestern India. Plasmodium vivax malaria (67%) predominated over falciparum malaria (11%) and mixed species infections (22%). Overall, 59% of the study participants carried the miRNA-146a polymorphism. However, it was not associated with the odds of malaria, irrespective of parasite species. This underlines the importance of considering the complexities of clinical manifestations of malaria, genetic background, and parasite species when disentangling the role of human genetic variation, including those of miRNAs in malaria.
La cíborg de Rosa Montero como utopía de la redención social
Authors: Tejera-Garcia de la Concha Mercedes
Published: March 2020

Este artículo abarca los temas de la memoria histórica colectiva y la redención social en las dos primeras novelas de la trilogía de Rosa Montero, Lágrimas en la lluvia (2011) y El peso del corazón (2015). El análisis pone el foco en la cíborg, Bruna Husky, principalmente por su lucha en la conquista de derechos civiles. Se sostiene la premisa de Bruna como un doble novum, indagando en su agencia como vehículo de esperanza social, noción de Ernst Bloch, así como en su potencia en tanto novedad técnica y política, postulado de Darko Suvin. Un costado fundamental de esta aproximación reside en la perspectiva feminista: la cruzada ontológica de Husky pasa por exigir reconocimiento de su valor en un ambiente de prejuicio y opresión. Simultáneamente, busca alternativas al modelo harawayesco al establecer lazos familiares y afectivos con humanos, tecnohumanos, alienígenas y refugiados. Con base en estudios de Anne L. Walsh en torno a la historia española, así como en el análisis poscolonial de Frankenstein, de Gayatri Spivak, se examina el legado de la Guerra Civil y la historia colonial, recurriendo también a los marcos interpretativos que proveen algunas teorías de la memoria y el trauma colectivo e individual. A lo largo de su trayectoria vital, las experiencias de Bruna Husky—determinadas precisamente por el desafío de su Otredad— plantean opciones a complejos temas que impactan a las comunidades a nivel planetario, como es el caso de la marginación socio-étnica, las masivas olas migratorias y la injusticia ambiental y socioeconómica.
Portable calibrator for NO based on the photolysis of N2O and a combined NO2∕NO∕O3 source for field calibrations of air pollution monitors
Authors: Birks John W. , Turnipseed Andrew A. , Andersen Peter C. , Williford Craig J. , Strunk Stanley , Carpenter Brian , Ennis Christine A.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. A highly portable calibration source of nitric oxide (NO) based on
the photolysis of nitrous oxide (N2O) supplied by 8 or 16 g disposable
cartridges is demonstrated to serve as an accurate and reliable transfer
standard for the calibration of NO monitors in the field. The instrument
provides output mixing ratios in the range 0–1000 ppb with a precision and
accuracy better than the greater of 3 ppb or 3 % of the target NO
mixing ratio over a wide range of environmental conditions of ambient
temperature (8.5–35.0 ∘C), pressure (745–1015 mbar corresponding
to 2.7–0.0 km of elevation), and relative humidity (0 %–100 % RH). The combination
of the NO calibration source with a previously described ozone calibration
source based on the photolysis of oxygen in air provides a new instrument
capable of outputting calibrated mixing ratios of NO, ozone (O3), and
nitrogen dioxide (NO2), where the NO2 is produced by the
stoichiometric gas-phase reaction of NO with O3. The portable
NO2/NO/O3 calibration source requires no external gas cylinders
and can be used for calibrations of NO, NO2, and O3 instruments for
mixing ratios up to 1000, 500, and 1000 ppb, respectively. This portable
calibrator may serve as a convenient transfer standard for field
calibrations of ozone and NOx air pollution monitors.
Atmospheric condition identification in multivariate data through a metric for total variation
Authors: Hamilton Nicholas
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Identification of atmospheric conditions within a multivariable atmospheric data set is a necessary step in the validation of emerging and existing high-fidelity models used to simulate wind plant flows and operation.
Atmospheric conditions relevant for wind energy research include stationary conditions, given the need for well-converged statistics for model validation, as well as conditions observed less frequently, such as extreme atmospheric events, which are used in wind turbine and wind plant design.
Aggregation of observations without regard to covariance between time series discounts the dynamical nature of the atmosphere and is not sufficiently representative of atmospheric conditions.
Identification and characterization of continuous time periods with atmospheric conditions that have a high value for analysis or simulation set the stage for more advanced model validation and the development of real-time control and operational strategies.
The current work explores a single metric for variation in a multivariate data sample that quantifies variability within each channel as well as covariance between channels.
The total variation is used to identify conditions of interest that conform to desired objective functions, such as stationary conditions, ramps or waves of wind speed, and changes in wind direction.
Total variation is somewhat sensitive to the presence of outliers in the input data, and the method is best complemented by quality-control procedures to ensure reliable results.
The direct detection and classification of events or conditions of interest within atmospheric data sets is vital to developing our understanding of wind plant response and to the formulation of forecasting and control models.
From fibrous plant residues to mineral-associated organic carbon – the fate of organic matter in Arctic permafrost soils
Authors: Prater Isabel , Zubrzycki Sebastian , Buegger Franz , Zoor-Füllgraff Lena C. , Angst Gerrit , Dannenmann Michael , Mueller Carsten W.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Permafrost-affected soils of the Arctic account for 70 % or 727 Pg of the soil organic carbon (C) stored in the permafrost region and therefore play a major role in the global C cycle. Most studies on the budgeting of C storage and the quality of soil organic matter (SOM) in the northern circumpolar region focus on bulk soils. Thus, although there is a plethora of assumptions regarding differences in terms of C turnover or stability, only little knowledge is available on the mechanisms stabilizing organic C in Arctic soils besides impaired decomposition due to low temperatures. To gain such knowledge, we investigated soils from Samoylov Island in the Lena River Delta with respect to the composition and distribution of organic C among differently stabilized SOM fractions. The soils were fractionated according to density and particle size to obtain differently stabilized SOM fractions differing in chemical composition and thus bioavailability. To better understand the chemical alterations from plant-derived organic particles in these soils rich in fibrous plant residues to mineral-associated SOM, we analysed the elemental, isotopic and chemical composition of particulate OM (POM) and clay-sized mineral-associated OM (MAOM). We demonstrate that the SOM fractions that contribute with about 17 kg C m−3 for more than 60 % of the C stock are highly bioaccessible and that most of this labile C can be assumed to be prone to mineralization under warming conditions. Thus, the amount of relatively stable, small occluded POM and clay-sized MAOM that account currently with about 10 kg C m−3 for about 40 % of the C stock will most probably be crucial for the quantity of C protected from mineralization in these Arctic soils in a warmer future. Using δ15N as proxy for nitrogen (N) balances indicated an important role of N inputs by biological N fixation, while gaseous N losses appeared less important. However, this could change, as with about 0.4 kg N m−3 one third of the N is present in bioaccessible SOM fractions, which could lead to increases in mineral N cycling and associated N losses under global warming. Our results highlight the vulnerability of SOM in Arctic permafrost-affected soils under rising temperatures, potentially leading to unparalleled greenhouse gas emissions from these soils.
Rescue and quality control of sub-daily meteorological data collected at Montevergine Observatory (Southern Apennines), 1884–1963
Authors: Capozzi Vincenzo , Cotroneo Yuri , Castagno Pasquale , De Vivo Carmela , Budillon Giorgio
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Here we present the rescue of sub-daily meteorological observations collected from 1884 to 1963 at Montevergine Observatory, located on the Italian Southern Apennines. The recovered dataset consists of three daily observations of the following atmospheric variables: dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, water vapour pressure, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, cloud type, cloud cover, rainfall, snowfall and precipitation type. The data, originally available only as paper-based records, have been digitized following the World Meteorological Organization standard practices. After a cross-check, the digitized data went through three different automatic quality control tests: the gross error test which verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits; the tolerance test that flags if values are above or below monthly climatological limits which are defined in accordance with a probability distribution model specific for each variable; and the temporal coherency test that checks the rate of change flagging unrealistic jumps in consecutive values. The result of this process is the publication of a new historical dataset that includes, for the first time, digitized and quality-controlled sub-daily meteorological observations collected since the late 19th century in the Mediterranean region north of the 37th parallel. These data are critical to enhance and complement previously rescued sub-daily historical datasets in central and northern Mediterranean regions, currently limited to the atmospheric pressure observations only. Furthermore, MVOBS dataset can enrich the understanding of high altitude weather and climate variability and contributes to improve the accuracy of reanalysis products prior the 1950s. Data are available on the NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) public repository and are associated to a DOI (https://doi.org/10.25921/cx3g-rj98) (Capozzi et al., 2019).
Ethical Assumptions and Implications of Hermeneutic Practice as Practical Wisdom
Authors: Rohden Luiz
Published: March 2020

The goal of this paper is to justify the view that hermeneutical practice as a philosophical proposal cannot be reduced to the extraction of hidden meanings or the explication of text structures but instead contains ethical assumptions and implications. Following Ricœur’s work, I will show that literary texts are part of ethics insofar as they create different mental experiments about ideas and values. I will show that the interpretation of literary texts, woven by the free play of imagination, constitutes a practice in which readers have the possibility of reconfiguring their way of looking at the world and acting. The reading of literature is an exercise of practical wisdom by enabling readers to rehearse and enable the implementation of the good life in just institutions. To achieve the paper’s goal, I initially discuss ethical assumptions present in literary texts. I then develop Ricœur’s notion of hermeneutics as used for the interpretation of literature. Finally, I propose several ethical implications resulting from the hermeneutical practice that is related to literary texts.
Introduction
Authors: Nascimento Fernando
Published: March 2020

Introduction to ERRS 2019 10 2 “Practical Wisdom”
The Excellence Award at the Fonds Ricœur’s Summer Workshop 2019
Authors: Amalric Jean-Luc
Published: March 2020

Presentation of the Excellence Award at the Fonds Ricœur’s Summer Workshop 2019
Histórias de uma professora de língua inglesa e seus alunos no facebook: o papel do professor em ambiente online
Authors: Ferreira Geralda do Santos
Published: March 2020

Apresento, neste artigo, uma experiência que vivenciei com meus alunos em um grupo no Facebook, criado para a prática de língua inglesa. Acostumada a um ensino tradicional tendo o professor como o centro, pensei que poderia ter uma prática diferente no ambiente online, uma vez que a internet oferece várias ferramentas para a busca do conhecimento. Assim sendo, meu objetivo foi descrever e analisar o papel do professor no ambiente online. A metodologia que utilizei foi a abordagem teórico-metodológica da pesquisa narrativa, segundo Clandinin e Connelly (2015) que apontam a necessidade de estudar as experiências de professores para compreender várias questões envolvendo a educação. Como referencial teórico, apoiei-me em alguns conceitos sobre o papel do professor em ambiente online (Bohn, 2010; Barbosa, 2006; Fonseca, 2009; Berge, 2000) e aprendizagem colaborativa (Panitz, 1997; Wiersema, 2002). Para compreender a experiência, utilizei a composição de sentidos segundo Ely, Vinz, Downing e Anzul (2001) que enfatizam a necessidade de um trabalho exaustivo de escrita, reescrita, leitura, e releitura para que se possa compreender os textos de pesquisa. Assim sendo, considerando minha compreensão da experiência, compreendi que não é fácil mudar de prática apenas porque se muda de ambiente de ensino. Observei, também, que como professora em um grupo de uma rede social, tive que assumir uma postura diferente da sala de aula tradicional.
Literatura ficcional no Ensino Superior Tecnológico!? Por quê (não)?
Authors: Balzan Carina Fior Postingher
Published: March 2020

Este artigo aborda a importância da literatura ficcional na formação acadêmica do estudante, problematizando o espaço da literatura Ensino Superior, em especial no Ensino Superior Tecnológico. Entende-se que, por sua função humanizadora, a literatura contribui para a formação de profissionais autônomos, críticos e reflexivos, preparados para compreender o mundo e as relações que os cercam e capazes de exercer efetivamente a cidadania. Analisam-se dados de uma pesquisa realizada com estudantes de Cursos Superiores de Tecnologia a fim de mostrar a atividade de leitura desses estudantes, como também revelar suas concepções a respeito da literatura. Os resultados revelam que a grande maioria dos estudantes pesquisados não costumam ler literatura ficcional, e os que leem, não incluem obras clássicas em seus repertórios, restringindo-se à leitura de best sellers. Essa constatação permite, ainda, fazer uma breve reflexão sobre a questão do cânone. Por fim, apontam-se alternativas para promover o contato dos acadêmicos com o texto literário nas próprias instituições de Ensino Superior.
Platão e a Batcaverna
Authors: Ribeiro Lúcia Helena Marques
Published: March 2020

A palavra grega Paideia nos remete à essência do que a educação deve representar naquilo que precisa proporcionar como formação humanística para que forme cidadãos éticos que poderão exercer um papel positivo na sociedade, e a educação literária é parte disso. A Literatura, desde os seus primórdios, cumpre o seu papel de criar mitos como forma de representar as ações humanas, de recriar perspectivas históricas por meio das ações dos heróis e suas impossíveis trajetórias, para mostrar aos homens as diversas possibilidades de transcender o cotidiano. O ensino da Literatura, para cumprir o seu papel, deve empreender uma caminhada de resgate de leitores, assim como fizemos a nossa própria caminhada desde o primeiro gibi, ou do primeiro conto de fadas. É objetivo deste trabalho buscar uma reflexão sobre o resgate da leitura a partir da importância dos mitos no reforço do imaginário, na motivação afetiva, para a construção de sentido.
 
Palavras-chave: Literatura, leitura, mito, herói.
Human Resource Management, Total Quality Management and Competitive Advantages: Evidence from Pakistani Banking Industry
Authors: Ahmed Syed Waqar , Siddiqui Danish Ahmed
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between human resource management (HRM) practices, total quality management (TQM) practices and competitive advantages in banking industry of Pakistan. HRM practices included Recruitment & Selection, Training & Development, Performance Appraisal, and Compensation & Reward. TQM practices consist of Leadership, Continuous Improvement, Customer Satisfaction, Employee Empowerment, and Strategic Planning. And lastly, competitive advantages is represented by Cost Leadership, and Differentiation. We applied (Obeidat, Yousef, Tawalbeh, & Masa'deh, 2018) model to banking sector of Pakistan. An Adopted questionnaire was designed and distributed over a sample of 300 employees. The research hypotheses were tested by using structured equation modeling. The result shows that Compensation & Reward positively and significantly affect all TQM practices as well as cost leadership. Similarly, Performance Appraisal also produce a significant positive impact on Strategic Planning, and Leadership dimensions of TQM, Hoverer, negatively affect cost leadership. Recruitment & Selection positively affect cost leadership. Strategic planning an importance factor, significantly affect both competitive advantage factors. Interestingly, Training & Development have a significant but negative effect on TQM factors namely Continuous Improvement, Leadership, and Strategic Planning. The findings imply that in banking industry, the effect on HRM factors on TQM is not equal, some are even negative, hence should be used diligently with the prospective of both TQM and competitive advantages.
Understanding Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies in Schools of Developing Urban Settlement: Study on Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Mostafizur , Nabila Irtifa Alam , Islam Farhana , Tasnim Farah
Published: March 2020

The study investigates the existing scenario of disaster risk reduction (DRR) principles and practices in the schools of developing urban settlement. Bangladesh, being vulnerable due to disaster, has severe condition in some coastal areas due to climate change. People migrate to the capital city, Dhaka for better opportunity. In the last few years, DRR agenda is included in education programs to decrease the number of casualties and distressed people and reduce disaster losses. Increasing susceptibility begets higher risk; hence the study has been conducted focusing on urban disasters, especially Earthquake and Fire hazard. This study follows comprehensive global school safety framework (GADRRRES, 2017) to find out the school safety plan of schools in Dhaka city. It apprehended the viewpoints of children, teachers and local people about the situation of DRR education, plan and practices in schools by conducting FGD, Questionnaire survey. It has been observed although all respondents understand the importance of DRR, they lack interest of implementing it. Some schools run by the Government are following Drill, their condition are better than private schools considering DRR practices. Several strategic recommendations have been made at the end of the study to improve DRR preparedness in schools of Dhaka.
Providing Community-Based Effective e-Health Services in Bangladesh: An Analysis on Sylhet Sadar Upazila
Authors: Ara Jobayda Gulshan , Amin S. M. Rafid , Sheuli Khadiza Zannat
Published: March 2020

E-Health is the new component of e-governance which can give cost-effective, efficient, less time-consuming services and a key strategy to meet people health related needs by using different electronic devices. The aim of this study is to identify the effectiveness of e-health services provided by community clinics situated in Sylhet sadar upazila and also discover the major challenges faced by community clinics to provide e-health services. In order to explain and exploring the effectiveness of e-health services provided by Community Clinics social survey method has been used in this study. E-health initiative through community clinics are creating a great opportunity for the rural backward people to access primary treatment and helping them to connect with specialized doctors using electronic devices. For these purpose laptops, modems and others electronic devices are provided in every community clinic but the majority of service providers said the standards of these are not satisfactory. Service receivers (68.00%) said there has a limited access to consult with specialized doctors in their CC’s means telemedicine facilities are not available. Inadequate ICT infrastructure, insufficient training program and other instruments create difficulty in terms of ensuring safe and effective health services in rural area. The government should provide sufficient training facility for the service providers, ensure sound development of ICT infrastructures and arrange different program to inform the public about the available facilities of community clinics can create a more effectual system of health care service delivery.
Demographics influence reproductive output in queen conch (Lobatus gigas): implications for fishery management
Authors: Delgado Gabriel A , Glazer Robert A
Published: March 2020

The queen conch (Lobatus gigas) is harvested intensively throughout most of the tropical western Atlantic for its meat, shell, and pearls. If sustainable harvest is to be achieved, fishery managers will have to incorporate into management strategies the species' biology and demography.
However, no long-term information exists that links reproductive behavior with age structure in queen conch. As such, we examined queen conch demographics across large spatial and temporal scales in the Florida Keys, where queen conch fishing has been banned since 1986. Our results corroborate
earlier reports showing density-dependent reproductive behavior. We never observed mating when aggregation densities fell below 204 adults ha–1; spawning was not observed at aggregation densities less than 90 adults ha–1. Evaluating reproductive behavior by
age class, based on lip thickness (i.e., young adult, >10–15 mm; adult, >15–25 mm; very old adult, >25 mm), showed that young adults mated and spawned less often than adults and very old adults. However, the number of eggs in an egg mass showed no significant association
with lip thickness. So, while age did not seem to affect the number of eggs in an egg mass, young adults as a group would have lower reproductive output because they do not engage in reproductive activities as often as older queen conch, probably because some of the younger, thinner-lipped
conch were not yet sexually mature. Our results indicate that the maintenance of age structure and density is crucial to the stability of queen conch populations and thus sustainable harvest. Therefore, the soundest management approaches are those that maximize reproductive output from aggregations
of mature queen conch whose densities exceed minimum thresholds to avoid depensatory effects.
La Educación Infantil en Nicaragua, antes y después de los años 80
Authors: Rayo Pérez Aura Hilda
Published: March 2020

En Nicaragua antes de los años ochenta, la educación era privada, habían muy pocos centros de atención a la niñez, no se contaba con especialistas para atender la primera infancia, generalmente se atendía en casas de habitación donde había una maestra que tenía la vocación, el amor y el interés de enseñar. A estos hogares asistían solo los que tenían posibilidades económicas, porque tenían que pagar. Después del triunfo de la Revolución Popular Sandinista (RPS), se crea el departamento de Educación Preescolar en el Ministerio de Educación Central (Managua-Nicaragua), el gobierno central asigna recursos económicos para profesionalizar a maestros/as, y construir centros para atender a la niñez, tanto en áreas urbanas como rurales. Esto como parte de un proyecto revolucionario que se ha venido fortaleciendo y concientizando en las familias y comunidad en general con la participación activa de las comunidades mismas, y el trabajo realizado por las instituciones y organismos encargados de la educación. El interés fundamental en los diferentes tiempos y actores, ha sido estimular el desarrollo integral que prepare al individuo para la vida.
Herramientas económicas para la toma de decisiones empresariales desde la asignatura de Economía Empresarial
Authors: Alonso Valenzuela Samaria Ilú
Published: March 2020

En el presente ensayo, se abordan las herramientas económicas que se pueden utilizar para la toma de decisiones empresariales. La economía es la ciencia que estudia cómo se administran los escasos recursos, esta ciencia puede ser aplicada para el análisis macroeconómico y microeconómico, esto último relacionado a la dinámica económica de los agentes económicos en el mercado, estos fundamentalmente son las empresas y los consumidores. Para la toma de decisiones empresariales existen un sinnúmero de herramientas económicas que pueden ser utilizados por los empresarios para la formulación de su política de negocios, tales como análisis de oferta y demanda, análisis marginal para la determinación del punto óptimo de producción y maximización de beneficios, determinación de tipos de mercado dependiente de los números de compradores y vendedores, número de empresas participantes en el mercado, barreras de entrada y salida a los mercados, entre otros.
Los cereales como fuente de alimentación primaria para la humanidad
Authors: Espinoza Vanegas Walter Lenín
Published: March 2020

En el presente ensayo se abordan de forma sintetizada algunos aspectos relacionados con el hambre, la sequía y la importancia de la producción y consumo de cereales, una de las principales fuentes de alimentos para la población mundial, indistintamente de la posición social o económica que éstos ocupen.
(Un-)bedingte Gleichheit nichtstaatlicher Gewaltakteure im Völkerrecht
Authors: Finke Jonas
Published: March 2020

This analysis takes all relevant violent non-state actors into consideration instead of restricting the examination to just one. It takes a comparative angle to discuss whether terrorists, pirates, private security companies and civil war parties are treated coherently under public international law. Are civil war parties and private security companies treated similarly under international humanitarian law? How is the state’s right of self-defense affected if the aggressors are terrorists? What is the rationale behind the criminalisation of piracy? It concludes that all non-state actors should be subject to the same rules and regulations whenever they are engaged in military action with states. Whenever the objective is to vanquish a group of actors completely, a different treatment is warranted.
Einführung in die Soziale Arbeit
Authors: Mennemann Hugo , Dummann Jörn
Published: March 2020

This book, now in its third, completely updated and extended edition, introduces first-semester students to the science of social work. It answers basic questions on the profession and the academic discipline as well as on its identity-building ‘core’ in intelligible and explanatory language, while its various exercises, targeted references to further reading and its index will stimulate self-study. Its content was developed and successfully executed together with students at two universities, where the authors offered an introduction to the fundamentals of social work during lectures, tutorials and seminars. Each of the chapters covers the content of a two-hour lecture. The chapters may be used as a basis for discussions in tutorials and for examinations.

Hugo Mennemann and Jörn Dummann are professors of social work at Münster University of Applied Sciences.
Democratic Potentialities and Toxic Actualities
Authors: Gertz Nolen ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2020

In this paper I argue that while Feenberg’s critical constructivism can help us to see the political potential of technologies, it cannot help us to understand the political actuality of technologies without the help of postphenomenology. In part 2, I examine Feenberg’s attempt to merge Frankfurt School critical theory and SCOT into “critical constructivism.” In part 3, I focus on Feenberg’s analyses of the internet in order to highlight a blind spot in critical constructivism when it comes to threats to democracy that come from out of the demos itself. In part 4, I show how critical constructivism would benefit from adopting the theory of technological mediation found in postphenomenology by presenting a postphenomenological investigation of trolling and other forms of destructive behavior unaccounted for by Feenberg’s investigation of the internet. In part 5, I conclude by turning to the work of Hannah Arendt in order to show why, just as critical constructivism could benefit from becoming more postphenomenological, postphenomenology could benefit from becoming more critical.
He’s ready for his closeup: Peter the Anteater’s guide to the library
Authors: Arnold Nicole , Brinkman Stacy , Correa Lily , Downey Carolyn
Published: March 2020

The scene opens with a laptop kiosk. In the foreground, a furry head comes into focus with the text: “With an essay to write, a laptop would come in handy!” Meet Peter, the anteater puppet who discovers a laptop kiosk in the library and learns to check one out and return it. In the past year, the libraries at the University of California-Irvine have created several videos with Peter to raise awareness of library services and resources.
Saber geográfico e educação para cidadania: experiências de uma oficina sobre a questão indígena
Authors: Marques Amanda Christinne Nascimento , Sousa Vivianne De
Published: March 2020

O artigo objetiva discutir a questão indígena por intermédio de uma oficina realizada para estudantes da disciplina Prática de Ensino I e II do curso de licenciatura em Geografia da Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, assim como indicar textos de autores que podem subsidiar o professor em sua prática docente. Partimos para uma reflexão pautada em questionamentos: por que as sociedades não têm os mesmos traços culturais? Não veem o mundo da mesma maneira? Por que é tão difícil descolar a imagem do índio daquela anunciada no período de contato? Por intermédio da concepção de cultura demonstramos que ela é transmitida por gerações, mas também é ressignificada através do espaço-tempo. Discutir a questão indígena na sala de aula se coloca como desafio para o professor, tendo em vista que estamos lidando com um conteúdo envolto de muitos juízos de valor. Geralmente, eles são reproduzidos via livros didáticos e no próprio imaginário social que se construiu acerca do indígena ao longo do tempo. Nesta perspectiva, território e cultura passam a ser os temas fundamentais para o entendimento da questão indígena no Brasil.
Análise do ângulo de visada no comportamento espectral de imagens modis em áreas de floresta amazônica e cerrado
Authors: Santana Níckolas Castro , Carvalho Júnior Osmar Abílio de , Gomes Roberto Arnaldo Trancoso , Guimarães Renato Fontes
Published: March 2020

As variações da geometria de aquisição de imagens de sensoriamento remoto influenciam a resposta espectral dos alvos superficiais. O sensor Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), contendo uma das maiores coleções de dados de superfície da terra da última década, é profundamente influenciado pela geometria de aquisição devido a sua larga faixa de imageamento e alta periodicidade. A presente pesquisa possui como objetivo avaliar a influência dos ângulos de visada no comportamento espectral das diferentes bandas espectrais MODIS e índices de vegetação nas regiões da Amazônia e do Cerrado. As faixas espectrais do infravermelho de ondas curtas e infravermelho próximo apresentaram alta dependência do ângulo de aquisição. As áreas da Amazônia apresentaram maior interferência do ângulo de aquisição em comparação com o Cerrado. A aplicação do índice NDVI atenua as alterações espectrais a longo prazo.
A perspectiva decolonial e a (re)leitura dos conceitos geográficos no ensino de geografia
Authors: Suess Rodrigo Capelle , Silva Alcinéia De Souza
Published: March 2020

O modo de colonização da América deixou marcas que refletem nas estruturas econômica, de poder e nos modos de ser, saber e pensar, sobretudo dos países latino-americanos. No Brasil, a imposição eurocêntrica na produção de conhecimentos reflete até hoje na educação, de modo geral, e na Geografia Escolar, de modo específico, pois ainda se encontram permeadas pelo colonialismo do saber.  Partindo desse contexto e na busca de uma descolonização da Geografia enquanto disciplina escolar, o objetivo desse artigo é analisar como a perspectiva decolonial pode contribuir para uma educação crítica e humanista em Geografia, especialmente por meio da (re)leitura dos conceitos geográficos. Construído a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, esses conceitos foram (re)elaborados a partir de temáticas decoloniais como o papel da América no sistema-mundo, o eurocentrismo, a ideia de raça associada a um projeto de dominação, a constituição do Estado-nação moderno, a crítica ao desenvolvimento e ao modelo civilizatório, a colonialidade do poder, colonialidade do ser, colonialidade do saber, e a interculturalidade e a transculturalidade como ferramentas críticas e de transformação. Tal (re)leitura se configura como via de descolonização da Geografia Escolar e de construção de um novo modelo civilizatório que considere diversos saberes, diversas vozes, identidades, maneiras de ser, e novas formas de se constituir e organizar a sociedade.
Violência contra o docente em escola estadual de ensino médio em Leópolis, norte do Paraná
Authors: Fernandes Pedro Henrique Carnevalli , Prado Patrícia Aparecida Albini
Published: March 2020

Este artigo aborda a violência no contexto escolar, especialmente contra o docente, e os movimentos de enfrentamento da violência contra os docentes em uma escola estadual de ensino médio em Leópolis, no Norte do Estado do Paraná. O objetivo principal consistiu em compreender a violência no ambiente escolar de uma escola estadual de ensino médio, a partir da percepção dos docentes, na pequena cidade de Leópolis, localizada no Norte Pioneiro do Estado do Paraná. A metodologia utilizada foi baseada em pesquisas bibliográficas, levantamento de dados secundários acerca do município e da escola e aplicação de questionário nos docentes da referida escola. Os resultados sinalizaram que os docentes sofrem, diariamente, com a violência no ambiente escolar. Além disso, como consequência, a violência tem causado síndromes e influenciando na saúde desses docentes, causando desânimo, pânico, depressão e até a desistência da profissão. Portanto, observou-se que as escolas de pequenas cidades como espaços seguros têm se tornado uma realidade cada vez mais nostálgica.
Bzmaps: aplicativo desenvolvido para realização de estudos de gerenciamento de áreas de risco à inundação
Authors: Prina Bruno Zucuni , Trentin Romario
Published: March 2020

Inúmeros assuntos que estão em destaque atualmente, tanto na mídia como na comunidade científica referem-se aos desastres naturais, com foco às inundações urbanas. Assim sendo, esse trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar um aplicativo, denominado como BZMAPS, que realiza a síntese de informações acerca do mapeamento de áreas de risco à inundação. Assim, dividiram-se as etapas metodológicas junto a construção das bases cartográficas, organização do banco de dados, sistematização do aplicativo e análise dos dados. Com a utilização do aplicativo é possível dispor de dados organizados e sintetizados, podendo ser realizado consultas textuais ou numéricas dos dados armazenados. Além disso, a partir das seleções de informações, é possível realizar análises junto ao Google Earth. Dessa forma, verifica-se a importância do BZMAPS dentro da análise de áreas de risco à inundação, sendo uma ferramenta de grande importância para o gerenciamento urbano, podendo ser amplamente utilizada dentro de órgãos públicos.
Proposta metodológica de leitura da paisagem geográfica para o ensino fundamental II
Authors: Pichiteli Milaine Aparecida , Lopes Claudivan Sanches
Published: March 2020

Neste artigo, apresenta-se parte dos resultados obtidos por meio do desenvolvimento e implementação de uma proposta metodológica de leitura e análise da paisagem geográfica para o Ensino Fundamental II. Com intenção de permitir ao aluno a apropriação/desenvolvimento e uso consciente do conceito científico de paisagem, essa pesquisa orientou-se pela abordagem colaborativa, sendo assim, duas professoras da rede básica de ensino do Núcleo Regional de Educação de Maringá- PR, foram convidadas a contribuir durante todas as etapas de desenvolvimento da proposta metodológica, como também na implementação e análise dos resultados. Por meio dessa proposta deseja-se contribuir no ensino-aprendizagem dos conteúdos geográficos e que por meio destes, o aluno se torne cada vez mais crítico e engajados na sociedade a qual está inserido.
Evasão no curso de licenciatura em geografia da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE): indagações e complexidades
Authors: Wilhelm Marileni Francieli , Szumilo Schlosser Marli Terezinha
Published: March 2020

A evasão escolar no ensino superior é um tema que apresenta indagações e complexidades. A necessidade de ampliar e aprofundar o estudo sobre a evasão universitária remeteu este trabalho, de modo a compreender a questão da evasão no Curso de Licenciatura em Geografia da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Campus Marechal Cândido Rondon. O enfoque temporal ficou limitado aos anos de 2012 a 2015, desenvolveram-se levantamentos de dados e possíveis hipóteses da evasão, a fim de caracterizar as dificuldades encontradas pelos discentes na conclusão do curso. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo, optou-se pela pesquisa qualitativa, através da técnica de estudo de caso, com a participação de discentes evadidos do Curso de Licenciatura em Geografia, por meio de entrevista/questionário semiestruturado. Nesse contexto, o número de ingressantes no curso supracitado totalizou em 146 discentes. Destes, 53% se evadiram do curso. Dos 73 discentes evadidos relativos ao enfoque temporal, 53 discentes concordaram em contribuir com a pesquisa. Uma das razões mais fortes para o abandono do curso, segundo os retornos, é a dificuldade de conciliar trabalho e universidade, pois 85% dos evadidos desenvolviam atividades remuneradas ao desistirem do curso. Outro fator é que se verifica participação reduzida dos ex-alunos na vida interna da universidade, seja por falta de tempo, seja por falta de informações sobre seu funcionamento e espaços de atuação dos alunos na instituição.
Uso e ocupação das áreas de preservação permanente e o perigo de inundações no alto curso da bacia hidrográfica do rio Anil, São Luís - Maranhão
Authors: Costa Cristiane Mouzinho , França Danyella Vale Barros , Silva Quésia Duarte da , Santana Ricardo Gonçalves , Teixeira Estevânia Cruz
Published: March 2020

As inundações são fenômenos naturais que fazem parte da dinâmica hidrológica dos rios. Os fenômenos em questão podem ser agravados por fatores antrópicos, como o uso e ocupação inadequados e consequente descumprimento da legislação ambiental. O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a ocupação das áreas de preservação permanente e o perigo de inundações no alto curso da bacia hidrográfica do rio Anil, São Luís – MA. Para isto, realizou-se trabalhos de campo, mapeamento do uso e cobertura da terra,  delimitação das áreas de preservação permanente de acordo com a Lei nº 12.651, de 25 de maio de 2012, e delimitação das manchas de perigo de inundação. Desta forma mapeou-se sete manchas de perigo de inundação, todas localizadas em APPs, o que constata que estas não cumprem a função ambiental prevista na Lei no que se refere às inundações, acarretando perigo para a população exposta, devido ao uso e ocupação inadequados.
Da tolerância festiva às intolerâncias contemporâneas: sagrados desafios do patrimônio religioso no urbano
Authors: Silva Rômulo Artur Alves da , Soares Larisse Freitas , Oliveira Christian Dennys Monteiro de
Published: March 2020

Este trabalho propõe uma discussão sobre as representações da tolerância cultural diante da promoção das festas religiosas como bens patrimoniais nas cidades. Dessa forma o patrimônio, em escala estadual, ganha aparato jurídico das políticas públicas de fortalecimento da cultura de diversidade. Entretanto, essas políticas também sofrem por iniciativas limitadas e posturas de intolerância no uso do espaço público. A pesquisa apresentada desenvolveu-se como estudo qualitativo e documental, complementado por observações de campo, na cidade de Fortaleza (CE) e suas festividades de 15 de agosto.   O patrimônio imaterial religioso, objeto central do estudo, foi demarcado pelas representações midiáticas dos grupos direta e indiretamente envolvidos nos festejos de capitais do Norte, Sul e Centro-Oeste do país. O que completou um levantamento já realizado sobre grandes cidades do nordeste e sudeste do Brasil em outra etapa do estudo patrimônio festivo das festas marianas. Como resultado desse percurso, observa-se as fragilidades do reconhecimento da festa religiosas como patrimônio. E confirma-se a percepção de que as estratégias da tolerância religiosa, diante das intolerâncias institucionais e culturais, ampliam-se conforme se efetivam os registros de salvaguarda.