bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A robustex vivoexperimental platform for molecular-genetic dissection of adult human neocortical cell types and circuits
Authors: Ting Jonathan T. , Kalmbach Brian , Chong Peter , de Frates Rebecca , Keene C. Dirk , Gwinn Ryder P. , Cobbs Charles , Cobbs Charles , Ko Andrew L. , Ojemann Jeffrey G. , Ellenbogen Richard G. , Koch Christof , Lein Ed
Published: May 2018

The powerful suite of available genetic tools is driving tremendous progress in understanding mouse brain cell types and circuits. However, the degree of conservation in human remains largely unknown in large part due to the lack of such tools and healthy tissue preparations. To close this gap, we describe a robust and stable adult human neurosurgically-derivedex vivoacute and cultured neocortical brain slice system optimized for rapid molecular-genetic manipulation. Surprisingly, acute human brain slices exhibited exceptional viability, and neuronal intrinsic membrane properties could be assayed for at least three days. Maintaining adult human slices in culture under sterile conditions further enabled the application of viral tools to drive rapid expression of exogenous transgenes. Widespread neuron-specific labeling was achieved as early as two days post infection with HSV-1 vectors, with virally-transduced neurons exhibiting membrane properties largely comparable to uninfected neurons over this short timeframe. Finally, we demonstrate the suitability of this culture paradigm for optical manipulation and monitoring of neuronal activity using genetically encoded probes, opening a path for applying modern molecular-genetic tools to study human brain circuit function.
Non-proliferative adult neurogenesis in neural crest-derived stem cells isolated from human periodontal ligament
Authors: Bueno Carlos , Martínez-Morga Marta , Martínez Salvador
Published: May 2018

Self-renewal and lineage regulation of neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain (aNSCs) are still far from been understood. Although previous studies have reported that some aNSCs in neurogenic niches showed irregular nuclei, their functional significance remains elusive. We used neural crest-derived human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) as an in vitro cell model of neurogenesis to investigate the functional significance of nuclear polymorphisms. Here, we show that hPDLSCs-derived neurons are not directly generated through cell division from stem cells. In fact, the cell shape of neural precursors is reset and start their neuronal development as round spheres. The hPDLSCs-derived neurons gradually adopted a complex morphology by forming several processes, that grew and arborized, adquiring dendritic-like and axonal-like identities, giving rise to a variety of neuron-like morphologies. To our knowledge, this article provides the first observation of these morphological events during in vitro neurogenesis and neuron polarization in human aNCSCs, and we have discovered a transient cell nuclei lobulation coincident to in vitro neurogenesis, without being related to cell proliferation. We observed that small DNA containing structures move within the cell to specific directions and temporarily form lobed nuclei. Morphological analysis also reveals that neurogenic niches in the adult mouse brain contains cells with nuclear shapes highly similar to those observed during in vitro neurogenesis from hPDLSCs. Our results provide strong evidence that neuronal differentiation from aNSCs may also occur during in vivo adult mammalian neurogenesis without being related to cell proliferation. In addition, we demonstrate that hPDLSCs-derived neurons display a sequence of morphologic development highly similar to those observed in primary neuronal cultures derived from rodent brains during neurogenesis, providing strong evidence that it is possible to reproduce neurogenic processes and obtain neurons from hPDLSCs. Beyond the central nervous system, the presence of lobed nuclei has been reported in most blood and immune cells, but the functional significance of multilobed nuclear structures is not yet stablished. Our results suggest that multilobed nuclear structures is associated to nuclear movement within the cell.
In silico screening for ERα downmodulators identifies thioridazine as an anti-proliferative agent in primary, 4OH-tamoxifen-resistant and Y537S ERα-expressing breast cancer cells
Authors: Busonero Claudia , Leone Stefano , Bianchi Fabrizio , Acconcia Filippo
Published: May 2018

Purpose

Most breast cancers (BCs) express estrogen receptor α (ERα) and are treated with the endocrine therapy (ET) drugs 4OH-tamoxifen (Tam) and fulvestrant (i.e., ICI182,780-ICI). Unfortunately, a high fraction of ET-treated women relapses and become resistant to ET. Therefore, additional anti-BC drugs are needed. Recently, we proposed that the identification of novel anti-BC drugs can be achieved using the modulation of the ERα intracellular content in BC cells as a pharmacological target. Here, we searched for Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs that potentially modify the ERα content in BC cells.

Methods

We screened in silico more than 60,000 compounds to identify FDA-approved drugs with a gene signature similar to that of ICI. We identified mitoxantrone and thioridazine and tested them in primary, Tam-resistant and genome-edited Y537S ERα-expressing BC cells.

Results

Mitoxantrone and thioridazine induced ERα downmodulation and prevented MCF-7 cell proliferation. Interestingly, while mitoxantrone was toxic for normal breast cells, thioridazine showed preferential activity toward BC cells. Thioridazine also reduced the ERα content and prevented cell proliferation in primary, Tam-resistant and genome-edited Y537S ERα-expressing BC cells.

Conclusions

We suggest that the modulation of the ERα intracellular concentration in BC cells can also be robustly exploited in in silico screenings to identify anti-BC drugs and further demonstrate a re-purposing opportunity for thioridazine in primary and metastatic ET-resistant BC treatment.
Archetypes in human behavior and their brain correlates: An evolutionary trade-off approach
Authors: Cona Giorgia , Koçillari Loren , Palombit Alessandro , Bertoldo Alessandra , Maritan Amos , Corbetta Maurizio
Published: May 2018

Organisms perform multiple tasks and in doing so face critical trade-offs. According to Pareto optimality theory, such trade-offs lead to the evolution of phenotypes that are distributed in a portion of the trait-space resembling a polytope, whose vertices represent the specialists at one of the traits (archetypes).

We applied this theory to the variability of cognitive and behavioral scores measured in 1206 individuals from the Human Connectome Project. Among all possible 300 combinations of pairs of traits, we found the best fit to Pareto optimality when individuals were plotted in the trait-space of time preferences for reward, evaluated with the Delay Discounting task. This task requires choosing either immediate smaller rewards or delayed larger rewards. Time preference for reward identified three archetypes, which accounted for variability on many cognitive, personality, and socio-economic status scores, differences in brain structure, as well as in functional connectivity between prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and amygdala, regions associated with reward and their regulation. There was only a weak association with genetics. In summary, time preference for reward reflects a core variable that biases human phenotypes via natural and cultural selection.
Protective effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on mandibular condylar cartilage exposed to mechanical overloading
Authors: Fujita Mutsumi , Sato-Shigeta Minami , Mori Hiroki , Iwasa Akihiko , Kawai Nobuhiko , Hassan Ali H , Tanaka Eiji
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to examine the role of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) exposure in the onset and early progression of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) induced by mechanical overloading. Fifteen-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into two experimental groups and a control group (n = 5 each). In the experimental groups, both TMJs were subjected to mechanical overloading by forced mouth opening using a jaw-opening device for 3 h/day for 5 continuous days. After mechanical overloading, TMJs in one experimental group were exposed to LIPUS for 20 min/day. After the experiments, mandibles were resected from the rats, and the condyles were processed. The bones were analyzed using high-resolution microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). The resected TMJs were also subjected to histological analysis and immunohistochemical staining. Micro-CT images of the mandibular condyle showed severe subchondral trabecular bone loss in the experimental group with overloading. Treatment with LIPUS after overloading resulted in decreased subchondral trabecular bone resorption. In TMJ sections from the experimental group with overloading, cell-free regions and proteoglycan loss characterized the cartilage degradation; LIPUS exposure restricted these changes in the mandibular condyle. Furthermore, the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts in the mineralized layer of the condylar cartilage increased after mechanical overloading and decreased after LIPUS treatment. Our findings suggest that LIPUS exposure after mechanical TMJ overloading downregulates subchondral trabecular bone resorption and proteoglycan loss in the mandibular condylar cartilage. Thus, it may prove to be protective effects of LIPUS exposure on onset and early progression of TMJ-OA induced by mechanical overloading.
Inference of epistatic effects in a key mitochondrial protein
Authors: Nelson Erik D. , Grishin Nick V.
Published: May 2018

We use Potts model inference to predict pair epistatic effects in a key mitochondrial protein – cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 – for ray–finned fishes. We examine the effect of phylogenetic correlations on our predictions using a simple exact fitness model, and we find that, although epistatic effects are under–predicted, they maintain a roughly linear relationship to their true (model) values. After accounting for these corrections, epistatic effects in the protein are still relatively weak, leading to fitness valleys of depth 2Ns~ −5 in compensatory double mutants. Positive epistasis is more pronounced than negative epistasis, and the strongest positive effects capture nearly all sites subject to positive selection in fishes, similar to virus proteins evolving under selection pressure in the context of drug therapy.
Social innovation in sport: the creation of Santa Cruz as a world surfing reserve
Authors: Ratten Vanessa
Published: May 2018

Purpose

Nature-based sports such as surfing play an important role in the social harmony of regions, as they provide a way to protect the environment while incorporating a business element. The purpose of this paper is to examine how World Surfing Reserves are a form of social innovation in sport, as they are a program of Save the Waves, which aims to protect the cultural and environmental areas associated with surfing.

Design/methodology/approach

The aim of this paper is to focus on a case study of the Santa Cruz, California World Surfing Reserve created in 2012 to analyze the associated social innovation programs.

Findings

Increasingly nature-based and lifestyle sports that incorporate the natural environment have been an innovative way to encourage social issues to progress. This includes programs developed to address water quality at beaches and the development of associated programs around social innovation in terms of surfing as a way to connect people to the environment.

Research limitations/implications

Suggestions for policy development of social innovation programs in sport will be discussed in addition to directions for future research.

Originality/value

Institutional theory will be used as the theoretical framework to understand the effects of the natural environment and surfing culture on social innovation.
The association between controls, performance measures and performance
Authors: Baird Kevin , Su Sophia
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the contingency-based literature examining the effectiveness of the intensity of control, which represents the combined use of Simons’s (1995) four levers of control: beliefs, boundary, diagnostic use of controls and interactive use of controls. Specifically, the study examines the association between the intensity of control with multidimensional performance measures (financial, customer, learning and growth, quality and internal business processes) and organisational performance (cost, delivery and flexibility).

Design/methodology/approach

A survey questionnaire was distributed to either the chief financial officers or financial controller within 645 Australian manufacturing organisations identified in the Onesource online database. Structural Equation Modelling was used to analyse the association between the intensity of control with multidimensional performance measures, and the association between multidimensional performance measures with organisational performance. The mediating effect of multidimensional performance measures on the association between the intensity of control and organisational performance was tested using the bootstrapping with bias-correct confidence intervals method.

Findings

The intensity of control is associated with the extent of use of multidimensional performance measures with the latter found to mediate the association between the intensity of control and performance (cost, delivery and flexibility). Additional analysis suggests that the extent of use of financial and quality measures mediates the association between the intensity of controls and cost performance; the extent of use of internal process and quality measures mediates the association between the intensity of controls and delivery performance; and the extent of use of internal process measures mediates the association between the intensity of controls and flexibility performance.

Practical implications

The findings imply that management should employ a broader perception towards the use of performance measures both as a means of supporting the implementation of controls and facilitating enhanced organisational performance.

Originality/value

The study addresses the concern raised that the existing management control systems (MCSs) literature remains “piecemeal” due to the lack of recognition of the interdependency between different controls and the inability of researchers to examine MCSs as a holistic package. Specifically, this study provides insights into how the combined use of the four levers of controls and multidimensional performance measures can enhance specific aspects of organisational performance.
Translating technological change – implementing technology into a hospital
Authors: Morland Charlotte , Pettersen Inger Johanne
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand how changes in technological devices, implemented to increase productivity and enhance performance are translated by medical professions in their clinical work. As organizations become more technology dependent by digitalization, deeper understanding of change processes will enhance change outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

A case study based on interviews, observations, on site and document analyses is undertaken to study the use of electronic speech recognizer (SR). An actor network theory (ANT) approach is used to address practice.

Findings

Doctors diversely adjust to the new technology. The use of the SR technology was negotiated and translated by the doctors. The technology was continuously re-designed and interacting with the human actors. In the translation process, powerful actors (doctors) influence outcome of changes, and thus, they affect the effectiveness of the change initiatives.

Research limitations/implications

The theoretical approach enables a detailed and rich understanding of the sociology of technology. Future research should go deeper into case studies in other contexts.

Practical implications

Technology is not deterministic entities, and politicians and managers should pay attention to how technology interact with key actors in implementation of system (technology) changes. The design and use phases implicate on the effect of such changes.

Social implications

In order to successfully manage change processes, powerful actors should be motivated to actively participate in the design and the implementation phases in order to design and redesign the functions and roles of technologies.

Originality/value

The theoretical approach (ANT) addresses technology according to the concept of sociomateriality. This approach enables understanding technology, people and organizations as entangled (integrated). The theoretical concepts developed knowledge to gain deeper and wider understanding of the role of technology in managing of performance and productivity initiatives.
Funding profiles of multisector health care alliances and their positioning for sustainability
Authors: Hearld Larry , Alexander Jeffrey A. , Wolf Laura J. , Shi Yunfeng
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between different aspects of alliance funding profiles (e.g. range of sources, dependence on specific sources) and participant’ perceptions of how well the organization is positioned for the future.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed method study in the context of eight alliances participating in the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Aligning Forces for Quality program. Data collection approaches included surveys of alliance participants and semi-structured interviews with alliance leaders.

Findings

The findings indicate that dependence on grant revenues, in particular, may be problematic for how well alliances are positioned for sustainability. While a number of approaches were identified to reduce dependence on grants, implementing these strategies presented more of a challenge for alliances due to the contextual demands of their external environment and a need to strike a balance between pursuing alternative revenue sources and fidelity to the mission and identity of the organization.

Practical implications

Alliance leaders need to have not only a broad and accurate understanding of their external environment, but also an appreciation of the alliance’s identity in that environment. Collectively, the findings can help organizational leaders be more informed about their funding choices and the implications those choices have for the future of their organization.

Originality/value

Collaborative forms of organizations (e.g. alliances, coalitions, networks) are increasingly viewed as an effective means of addressing complex, multifaceted health, and social challenges. For collaborative organizations that depend on the coordinated efforts of volunteers, addressing such complex issues is predicated on sustaining programmatic activities as well as the interest and participation of stakeholders over extended periods of time. This study sheds light on how leaders of these organizations may improve their prospects for sustainability.
Innovative behaviour of knowledge workers and social exchange attributes of financial incentive: implications for knowledge management
Authors: Tsai Shu-pei
Published: May 2018

Purpose

Enhancing the innovative behaviour of knowledge workers is a main task in knowledge management. The pay-for-performance policy is one of the management practices for innovative behaviour enhancement and has been gaining popularity in the knowledge-intensive context. However, it is still uncertain whether such practice really enhances the innovative behaviour of knowledge workers. To address this issue, this paper aims to propose and verify a conceptual framework incorporating kernel notions of social exchange, psychological empowerment and work engagement rooted in the social cognition paradigm.

Design/methodology/approach

The current study conducts a survey on 608 knowledge workers and their supervisors, validating the model structure and causal path pattern of the proposed framework. The causality is delineated from social exchange attributes of financial incentive, psychological empowerment and work engagement to innovative behaviour of knowledge workers.

Findings

Perceived organisational support and perceived pay equity are primary antecedents of symbolic incentive meaning reflected in the financial incentive of the pay-for-performance policy. Symbolic incentive meaning comprising dimensions of relative position, control and personal importance relates positively to innovative behaviour of knowledge workers. Psychological empowerment and work engagement are partial mediators of the positive relationship.

Originality/value

The current study explicates why and how social exchange attributes of the financial incentive provided by the pay-for-performance policy may enhance innovative behaviour of knowledge workers. Implications are supplied to knowledge management scholars and practitioners to optimise the pay-for-performance policy for innovative behaviour enhancement.
Social identities in the field: how fluctuating fieldworker identities shape our research
Authors: Gosovic Anna Kirkebæk Johansson
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to developing the understanding and practice of fieldwork in familiar settings by expanding the literature on fieldworker identities.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on ethnographic fieldwork in a multinational biopharmaceutical corporation, and drawing on anthropological theory of social identities, the paper demonstrates the multiple and fluid identities that we as organizational ethnographers purposefully take on, accidentally acquire, unintentionally are ascribed with and experience during ethnographic fieldwork in familiar settings.

Findings

Building on these insights, and by expanding the literature on researcher identities, the paper develops a critique of the spatial and temporal notions often attached to fieldwork in familiar settings by demonstrating how outsider identities are ascribed even “at home” and how insider identities can be experienced when away. It further reflects on the ways in which these identities shape the data generation and interpretation process.

Originality/value

This paper argues that to properly grasp the multiple identity processes involved in a fieldwork, we must escape the spatial and temporal conceptualization of being either an insider or an outsider. Instead, the paper argues for a relational and situational perspective on being an insider and an outsider in the field and proposes to conceptualize “insider” and “outsider” as ascribed, changing and sometimes volatile social identities.
Online search behaviour of University of Zambia Library and Information Studies students
Authors: Makondo Francina N.S. , Kanyengo Christine Wamunyima , Kakana Fabian
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors that affect web searching behaviour of the students of the University of Zambia (UNZA).

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted a qualitative research approach in order to get an insight into the interactions of the students at the UNZA with the real web situation. A post-search questionnaire was used as a tool to gather information from 65 Library and Information Science students about search techniques used, web experience, and subject knowledge of users.

Findings

This study shows that the main purpose for using the internet by students at the UNZA is for academic work. The findings also show that factors such as experience and topic familiarity had an effect on search behaviour, whereas, age of searcher did not affect the search technique used. Google was preferred for searching more than electronic databases.

Originality/value

This is the first systematic examination of students online search behaviour in Zambia. It allows the researchers to compare with search behaviour of students in a different social economic environment.
Effect of emotional experience on symbolic consumption in Generation Y consumers
Authors: Tangsupwattana Wanrudee , Liu Xiaobing
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between emotional experience and symbolic consumption on brand loyalty. The authors also examine the differences in Generation Y consumer behavior through the comparison of Generation Y consumers’ income sources.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual model was developed to represent the proposed relationships among the related variables. Data from a total of 328 usable surveys were collected from Thai Generation Y consumers. The proposed hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling analyses.

Findings

The study found that emotional experience has a significant and positive effect experience symbolic consumption, symbolic consumption provided a positive effect on brand loyalty.

Research limitations/implications

Time and resources limitation did not allow studying the larger sample. Future research should include more product categories. The sample can be extended to consumers in ASEAN countries to provide more comprehensive insights into consumer perceptions and brand behaviors.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that symbolic consumption is a key motivation to increase brand loyalty when developing marketing strategies for the Generation Y consumers.

Originality/value

This study identifies the components of symbolic consumption in meaning for conspicuous products and provides empirical support for the effect of emotional experience and symbolic consumption on brand loyalty in coffee shop industry.
The neglected fond in university archives
Authors: Garaba Francis
Published: May 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to focus on the need to ascertain harmony in records and archives management practices between the university archives, sports union and the various sport clubs at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) in an endeavor to establish whether these fugitive records are being captured.

Design/methodology/approach

Both quantitative and qualitative methods are used to investigate records and archives management practices in sport clubs on the Pietermaritzburg (PMB) campus, UKZN. Data are thus obtained through a questionnaire, interviews, observation and email correspondence. This triangulation of methods of data collection is designed to increase the validity and reliability of the results.

Findings

This study has established that there was much dissonance with regard to records and archives management practices and recommendations inter alia included their need for overhaul and the need for pro-activeness on the part of archivists to collect this heritage for future reference.

Research limitations/implications

This study is only confined to the UKZN, PMB campus and not the entire university that constitutes a limitation. The findings may assist university authorities as decision and policymakers to ensure that records and archives management practices in universities are overhauled to prevent further loss of records. The study has focused on one genre of records, namely, leisure records, and there is a need for a comprehensive study on the entire university’s record-keeping system.

Practical implications

This paper highlights the plight of university archives and reiterates the need for an urgent review by university authorities with regard to their management.

Originality/value

This paper has used a number of data collection techniques to ensure reliability and validity of the data gathered. Physically checking the collections in the university repository to establish gaps corroborated with the research findings in an effort to establish the underlying cause of poor archival development.
The emerging smart event experience: an interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Bustard John Richard Thomas , Bolan Peter , Devine Adrian , Hutchinson Karise
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The use of “special events” as an attractor for destinations in the smart tourism paradigm has been suggested as one element of an effective destination strategy. This study aims to create new understandings of this potentiality by exploring an event from a participant perspective in smart tourism contexts by creating a model integrating factors impacting the smart event experience.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted five online focus groups by using Facebook secret groups to engage spectators of an international sports event. Discussions focussed on the digital event experience with particular reference to the event app. A subsequent interpretative phenomenological analysis facilitated the examination of how people make sense of this digital phenomenon and the impact on the overall event experience.

Findings

The findings demonstrate an increasing demand for real-time event integrative information, with more immersive and augmented experiences often sought by users. This has significant implications for the management of the digital event experience for all event stakeholders.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited in its analysis of the smart event experience because of the use of a purposive sample from the International NW200 Event in Northern Ireland, which may limit the generalisability of research findings.

Originality/value

The study therefore, meets a critical gap in existent literature by providing the first event experience model in a smart tourism context and presenting the interlocking elements through the 4P’s (people, processes, personalisation and places) and 7R’s (rituals, realms, realities, renewal, review, relational and resourcing) of digital event experience.
New directions in sustainable tourism research
Authors: Ruhanen Lisa , Moyle Char-lee , Moyle Brent
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to expand our understanding of sustainable tourism research given that both researchers and policymakers consistently question the effectiveness of sustainable tourism and its practices, applications and practical adoption.

Design/methodology/approach

The aim of the research was to provide an update on previous studies by examining how sustainable tourism research has progressed in the five intervening years since Ruhanen et al. completed their 25-year bibliometric analysis.

Findings

This paper provides insights into how sustainable tourism research has developed over the 30 years since the publication of the Brundtland report. It shows that over the past five years, the field has matured to place greater emphasis on climate change, modeling, values, behavior and theoretical progression.

Research limitations/implications

Future research in the field should aim to better understand the methods and analysis techniques being used in sustainable tourism, as well as how sustainable tourism and climate change policy and actions translate into policy and practice.

Originality/value

Bibliometrics and text mining shows that 30 years after the Brundtland report, sustainable tourism research continues to grow exponentially, with evidence that the field is starting to mature by broadening its horizons and focusing on more relevant, big-picture and hard-hitting topics, such as climate change.
Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of treatment efficacy and prognosis for brain metastases in lung cancer patients after radiotherapy: A preliminary study
Authors: Liu Yuhui , Liu Xibin , Xu Liang , Liu Liheng , Sun Yuhong , Li Minghuan , Zeng Haiyan , Yuan Shuanghu , Yu Jinming
Published: May 2018

Background

This study used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor changes to brain metastases and investigate the imaging signs used to evaluate treatment efficacy and determine prognosis following radiotherapy for brain metastases from lung cancer.

Methods

A total of 60 non‐small cell lung cancer patients with brain oligometastases were selected. MRI scans were conducted before and 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months after radiotherapy. The tumor and peritumoral edema diameters, Cho/Cr values, elevation of the Lip peak value, and whether the island (yu‐yuan) sign or high‐signal ring were present on T2 fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging were recorded for each metastasis.

Results

The mortality risk was higher the earlier the maximum value of peritumoral edema diameter was reached, when there were fewer island signs, and when brain metastases did not present as tumor progression on imaging. There were significant differences in the average peritumoral edema diameter, apparent diffusion coefficient value, the number of elevated Lip peak values, and the number of T2 FLAIR imaging high‐signal rings in a year after radiotherapy in 14 patients with a survival period < 1 year compared to patients with a survival period > 2 years.

Conclusion

After radiotherapy for brain metastases, patients with the island sign had longer survival periods, high‐signal rings in T2 FLAIR, elevated Lip peaks, and reduced apparent diffusion coefficient values, indicating tumor necrosis. Increased diameter of metastases and Cho/Cr > 2 cannot serve as reliable indicators of brain metastasis progression.
Working with monsters: counting the costs of workplace psychopaths and other toxic employees
Authors: Michalak Rebecca T. , Ashkanasy Neal M.
Published: May 2018

We explore the role of ‘Workplace Monsters’ in the global burden of disease, including the $US1.15 trillion annual cost of depressive and anxiety disorders. We propose the productivity drain created by these individuals is a wicked problem, integrating several disciplines to position workplace monsters as significant corporate governance issues for organisations. Our discussion covers Monster prevalence, impacts on fellow workers and estimates of the costs incurred to business. We classify Monsters as ‘appreciating liabilities’ and call for future research to develop means of accounting for their inherent organisational costs in an effort to prompt action to address their destructive impacts.
Real estate's information and volatility links with stock, bond and money markets
Authors: Mi Lin , Hodgson Allan
Published: May 2018

We examine real estate's information and volatility linkages with stock, bond and money markets. Based on the theory that the volatility of prices directly reflects of the rate at which information flows to the market (Kyle, ; Ross, ), we propose that information linkages across markets are revealed in the correlations of their volatilities, rather than correlations of returns. Applying an implied volatility correlation approach and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation of Fleming et al. () stochastic volatility model, we find strong information and volatility linkages across the four markets.
Matching food security and malnutrition indicators: evidence from Southeast Asia
Authors: Bühler Dorothee , Hartje Rebecca , Grote Ulrike
Published: May 2018

This article aims to understand the relation between household food security and individual undernutrition. The multitude of indicators available raises the question which aspects of food security are captured by the respective indicator. In our analysis, we first assess the relation between the dimensions of food security and households’ socioeconomic characteristics. Second, we examine whether household indicators detect undernutrition in children. Finally, we investigate the role of individual‐specific characteristics for child undernutrition. The analysis is based on a novel data set of 1,200 rural households from Cambodia and Lao PDR, which combines household‐ and individual‐level data. We capture household food security by three indicators including a dietary diversity score, a consumption behavior measure, and an experiential measure. Individual nutrition status is measured via anthropometric indicators. Our results show that different household‐level indicators capture fundamentally different aspects of food security. Moreover, household food security fails to explain stunting for children under five. Dietary diversity indicators, however, explain underweight in children to a small extent. We call for more research on intrahousehold allocation of food and stress the implications of our research for the design and targeting of food and nutrition support programs.
Is migration in later life good for wellbeing? A longitudinal study of ageing and selectivity of internal migration
Authors: Finney Nissa , Marshall Alan
Published: May 2018

Migration scholarship has recently paid attention to lifecourse and non‐economic effects of moving house. Yet consideration of the effects of internal migration in later life has been relatively neglected despite their implications for social and spatial inequalities. Thus we address two questions: how trajectories of wellbeing in later life vary for movers and non‐movers, and how the event of moving affects wellbeing. In both cases we distinguish between “voluntary” and “involuntary” movers. We use 10 years (2002–2012) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) to analyse trends in wellbeing for age cohorts and to examine how wellbeing changes through the event of moving. The Control, Autonomy, Selfrealisation and Pleasure (CASP‐19) measure of wellbeing is used. We find that, after controls for demographic and socio‐economic characteristics, involuntary movers have lower levels of wellbeing than stayers or voluntary movers; and involuntary movers experience a stabilisation in the decline in wellbeing following migration which is not seen for voluntary movers. So, migration in later life is good for wellbeing, maintaining advantageous wellbeing trajectories for voluntary movers and improving wellbeing trajectories for involuntary movers. These findings imply a rich potential of ELSA and similar longitudinal datasets for examining residential mobility; the need for ageing inequalities studies to take more account of residential mobility; the need for internal migration scholarship to pay greater attention to reason for move; and for policy to consider the potentially beneficial effects of residential mobility in later life, particularly for those in adverse circumstances.
Rethinking the Double Movement: Expanding the Frontiers of Polanyian Analysis in the Global South
Authors: Goodwin Geoff
Published: May 2018

Over the last two decades a rich and diverse body of literature has emerged which uses the ‘double movement’ to analyse social, political and economic change in the global South. The main aims of this article are to expand the boundaries of this scholarship and improve our understanding of how to use the concept to analyse capitalist development in the region. It seeks to achieve this by explaining and extending the original formulation of the double movement, creating a dialogue between scholars who follow alternative readings of the concept, and proposing a revised formulation which builds on the existing literature while moving in new directions. The article concludes by signposting potentially fruitful areas of Polanyian analysis.
Incremental one‐class classification on stationary data stream using two‐quarter sphere
Authors: Ghomanjani Mohammad Hadi , Hamidzadeh Javad
Published: May 2018

Data stream is a sequence of data that has unique features. In many data streams, data from one concept is available, and detection of other types of data in data stream is an essential task. One‐class classification is a famous approach to data classification when data from one class is accessible. The principal task of one‐class classification is separating input data in two different parts: target and outlier data. One of the main challenges concerning data classification on the stationary data streams is the response time, which causes negative effects on effective runtime. Most classifiers, that have been proposed on Rd feature space, solve a quadratic problem for classification that leads to extreme runtime increase. In this paper, an incremental one‐class classification on stationary data streams is proposed using two‐quarter sphere (IOCTQ) in order to achieve lower computation cost of classification time, and a linear optimization problem is solved. IOCTQ divides one data classification problem into two data classifiers, and each data point will be individually classified in one‐quarter sphere. The two‐quarter spheres can be run parallel. The results of the experiments have been compared with state‐of‐the‐art methods and show superiority of the IOCTQ method in classification accuracy and time complexity.
Mutations in MARS identified in a specific type of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis alter methionyl‐tRNA synthetase activity
Authors: Comisso Martine , Hadchouel Alice , de Blic Jacques , Mirande Marc
Published: May 2018

Biallelic missense mutations in MARS are responsible for rare but severe cases of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) prevalent on the island of La Réunion. MARS encodes cytosolic methionyl‐tRNA synthetase (MetRS), an essential translation factor. The multisystemic effects observed in patients with this form of PAP are consistent with a loss‐of‐function defect in an ubiquitously expressed enzyme. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in MARS‐related PAP are currently unknown. In this work, we analyzed the effect of the PAP‐related mutations in MARS on the thermal stability and on the catalytic parameters of the MetRS mutants, relative to wild‐type. The effect of these mutations on the structural integrity of the enzyme as a member of the cytosolic multisynthetase complex was also investigated. Our results establish that the PAP‐related substitutions in MetRS impact the tRNAMet‐aminoacylation reaction especially at the level of methionine recognition, and suggest a direct link between the loss of activity of the enzyme and the pathological disorders in PAP.
Subunits of the DNA polymerase alpha‐primase complex promote Notch‐mediated proliferation with discrete and shared functions in C. elegans germline
Authors: Yoon Dong Suk , Cha Dong Seok , Alfhili Mohammad A. , Keiper Brett D. , Lee Myon‐Hee
Published: May 2018

Notch receptor signaling is a highly conserved cell communication system in most multicellular organisms and plays a critical role at several junctures in animal development. In Caenorhabditis elegans,GLP‐1/Notch signaling is essential for both germline stem cell maintenance and germ cell proliferation during gonad development. Here, we show that subunits (POLA‐1, DIV‐1, PRI‐1, and PRI‐2) of the DNA polymerase alpha‐primase complex are required for germ cell proliferation in response to GLP‐1/Notch signaling in different tissues at different developmental stages. Specifically, genetic and functional analyses demonstrated that (a) maternally contributed DIV‐1 (regulatory subunit) is indispensable non‐cell autonomously for GLP‐1/Notch‐mediated germ cell proliferation during early larval development, whereas POLA‐1 (catalytic subunit) and two primase subunits, PRI‐1 and PRI‐2, do not appear to be essential; (b) germline POLA‐1, PRI‐1, and PRI‐2 play a crucial role in GLP‐1/Notch‐mediated maintenance of proliferative cell fate during adulthood, while DIV‐1 is dispensable; and (c) germline POLA‐1, DIV‐1, PRI‐1, and PRI‐2 function in tandem with PUF (Pumilio/FBF) RNA‐binding proteins to maintain germline stem cells in the adult gonad. These findings suggest that the subunits of the DNA polymerase alpha‐primase complex exhibit both discrete and shared functions in GLP‐1/Notch or PUF‐mediated germ cell dynamics in C. elegans. These findings link the biological functions of DNA replication machineries to signals that maintain a stem cell population, and may have further implications for Notch‐dependent tumors.
Pityriasis rotunda. A clinical study in Jordan: experience of 10 years
Authors: Al‐Refu Khitam , Al‐Tarawneh Awad , Odeibat Hussein
Published: May 2018

Background

Pityriasis rotunda is a rare skin disease characterized by the presence of multiple, round or oval, sharply demarcated hyperpigmented scaly patches. It has been described in Japan, South Africa, and in some other countries. The cause of pityriasis rotunda is usually idiopathic but may be associated with certain internal malignancy or systemic diseases.

Objective

The aim of this study is to describe this rare entity in Jordan in a retrospective study during the last 10 years. Jordan, as a Middle Eastern country, had no previous reports about this rare disease. In addition, the intention was to report any systemic association with the disease. Some of the cases were examined by dermoscopy. No previous reports documented dermatoscopic features of the disease.

Results

We could report 23 cases during the last 10 years. Eighteen cases were females and five males, in an age range of 9–38 years. There were three familial cases. The dermatoscopic findings were well demarcated, hyperpigmented with brownish patches with polygonal scales. These scales were more defined, not homogeneous in color, and separated from each other by paler stria.

Conclusions

The cases of the study seem to indicate the rarity of the disease in Jordan. Our case fits neatly into the benign form of the disease with lack of association with any underlying diseases.
An increased percentage of myeloid CD34+ bone marrow cells stratifies intermediate IPSS‐R myelodysplastic syndrome patients into prognostically significant groups
Authors: Chen‐Liang T.‐H. , Casado‐Prieto A. M. , Campos‐Rodríguez V. , Hurtado A. M. , Amigo M. L. , García‐Malo M. D. , Vicente V. , Ortuño F. J. , Jerez A.
Published: May 2018

Introduction

The Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS‐R) for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has established an intermediate category where a disease‐modifying intervention is a matter of debate. Flow cytometry allows us to determine a fraction of immature myeloid cells in a semiautomated procedure. The aim of this study, mirroring IPSS‐R study inclusion criteria, was to test whether bone marrow (BM) CD34+My percentage has independent prognostic value in the MDS setting.

Methods

BM CD34+My cells were quantified, at diagnosis, selecting CD34+/CD45+/CD11b±/CD13+. Patients were excluded when receiving treatment for altering the natural course of the disease and when IPSS‐R could not be calculated due to the lack of metaphases. Finally, Cox analyses were performed, on a series of 260 patients, for overall survival (OS) and time to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) transformation.

Results

By analyzing ROC curves, the most accurate prognostic variable, regarding blasts by cytology and CD34+ by cytometry, was the percentage of blasts by microscopy. The percentage of CD34+My in BM showed an AUC of 0.767 and 0.576 for time to AML transformation and OS, respectively. When performing a multivariate regression including the IPSS‐R and the percentage of BM CD34+My cells >1%, both factors predicted for a shorter time to AML transformation. In addition, CD34+My percentage successfully stratified the intermediate IPSS‐R category into two prognostic groups with a relative risk of 5.73 (95% CI [1.2‐27.8]; P = .03).

Conclusion

We found that BM CD34+My percentage has an independent value concerning the IPSS‐R, especially relevant for the prediction of transformation to AML and within the intermediate group.
‘Failing Forward’ Towards Which Europe? Organized Hypocrisy in the Common European Asylum System
Authors: Lavenex Sandra
Published: May 2018

Exposing the ideological conflicts involved in the creation of a Common European Asylum Policy, this article calls for an extension of classic integration theories to look beyond whether crises result in ‘more’ or ‘less’ Europe and to address the substance of European integration. Drawing on actor‐centered institutionalism and organizational sociology, the ‘refugee crisis’ is interpreted as a manifestation of the growing mismatch between the EU's normative striving towards a ‘Union of values’ and the political and institutional limits imposed. The result is organized hypocrisy: the concurrent reinforcement of protective claims and protectionist policies.