bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Neurochemical Changes using Alzheimer’s Disease Biofluid, PET, Postmortem Pathology Biomarkers and APOE Genotype
Authors: KARA FIRAT , Kantarci Kejal
Published: August 2024

In vivo proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful noninvasive method which can measure Alzheimer’s disease (AD) related neuropathological alterations at the molecular level. AD biomarkers include amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau neurofibrillary tangles. These biomarkers can be detected via postmortem analysis, but also in living individuals through positron emission tomography (PET) or biofluid biomarkers of Aβ and tau. This review offers an overview of biochemical abnormalities detected by 1H MRS within the biologically defined AD spectrum. It includes a summary of earlier studies that explored the association of 1H MRS metabolites with biofluid, PET, and postmortem AD biomarkers, and examined how apolipoprotein e4 allele carrier status influences brain biochemistry. Studying these associations is crucial for understanding how AD pathology affects brain homeostasis throughout the AD continuum and may eventually facilitate to develop potential novel therapeutic approaches.
Comparing the Efficiency of Particle Swarm and Harmony Search Algorithms in Optimizing the Muskingum-Cunge Model
Authors: Ahmadi Rahleh , Piri Jamshid , Galavi Hadi , Keikha Mahdi
Published: August 2024

Floods in various regions cause irreparable damage to infrastructure, agricultural lands, and industrial centers. In recent years, due to the effects of climate change and, in particular, the increased activity of the monsoon system in the Balochistan region located in southern Sistan and Baluchestan province, local rivers have overflowed, causing widespread flooding and significant damage. Accurate flood routing not only provides decision-makers with precise information about flood volume and flow behavior but also facilitates planning for effective preventive measures. In this study, the Muskingum-Cunge model was used to simulate floods in eight major rivers of Balochistan, including Kajou, Sarbaz, Nik Shahr, Kehir, Bahu, Sia Jangal, Rapch, and Kamb. The model parameters (K and X) were optimized using two machine learning algorithms: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Harmony Search (HS). The results showed that in most stations, the PSO algorithm outperformed HS. The algorithms were evaluated using the coefficient of residual mass (CRM), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), efficiency (EF), and agreement index (d). For instance, at the Kajou station, PSO improved CRM by 0.017, Ef by 0.921, d by 0.982, and NRMSE by 0.099 compared to HS. At the Kamb station, both algorithms yielded comparable results. Considering the overall better performance of the PSO algorithm in most evaluation indices, it can be concluded that this algorithm is a more suitable option for optimizing the parameters of the Muskingum-Cunge model and simulating flood hydrographs with higher accuracy at most of the studied stations.
A Dynamic Simulation of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System Integrated with a Closed-Loop Voltage Source Converter for Sustainable Power Generation
Authors: Ali Ahmed K , Abdulrazzaq Ali Abdulwahhab , Mohsin Ali H.
Published: August 2024

Finding sustainable renewable energy sources for energy conversion and management is still an obscure topic. This paper presents a model-based simulation for an energy conversion system using piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) technology. A dynamic mathematical model of a PEH device consists of a piezoelectric transducer, a controlled PWM rectifier, and a closed-loop buck boost converter is developed. A piezoelectric transducer converts mechanical vibrations from a wind force into an oscillating train of electrical charges. The sinewave peak-to-peak level relationship describes the changeable values of these charges, which depend on the severity of the wind vibration. The controlled PWM rectifier, in conjunction with a closed-loop buck-boost converter, converts this train of sinewave cycles into DC voltages. The control blocks of the closed-loop buck-boost converter use the perturbation and observation (P&O) algorithm based on maximum power point tracking (MPPT), which adapts the operational voltage of the piezoelectric source to deliver the maximum power to load and improves the PEHS output voltage stability. A simulation program is employed to perform mathematical analysis on various wind vibration scenarios, piezoelectric sources without PWM converters, and piezoelectric vibration sources connected to a closed-loop P&O converter. The crucial results of this paper demonstrate that the proposed dynamic PEHS model effectively feeds low-power electronic loads by directly adjusting the output voltage level to the set voltage, even under different vibration severity levels. As a result, the proposed PEHS dynamic model serves as a guideline for researchers in the development of self-powered sensors, which contributes to understanding sustainable energy alternatives.
Knowledge and Misinformation about Breast cancer risk factors, symptoms, and prevention among healthy and affected women: a study on 2,375 Italian participants
Authors: Conte Luana , Lupo Roberto , Lezzi Alessia , Mieli Matilde , Botti Stefano , Rubbi Ivan , Carvello Maicol , Giotta Francesco , Massafra Raffaella , Vitale Elsa , De Nunzio Giorgio
Published: August 2024

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and remains the leading cause of death among Italian women. Despite increased breast cancer awareness and improved diagnostic techniques, mortality rates remains high globally. In Italy, despite the availability of screening programs by the National Health System (NHS) for all Italian women aged 50-69 every two years, the participation rate remains relatively low. The low uptake of screening may be attributed to a lack of general cancer knowledge among women, including awareness of risk factors, symptoms, and prevention measures. This study investigates the knowledge and misinformation in a population of Italian women regarding breast cancer risk factors, symptoms, and prevention.
Methods: From March 2021 to January 2022, we conducted a survey targeting the female population in Italy, with a total of 2375 participants willingly participating in the study. To investigate factors linked to variations in attitudes toward breast cancer, the participants were categorized into two groups: the general population (Group A, n=2235) and women who have had or currently have breast cancer (Group B, n=140). Statistically significant differences were identified between these two groups.
Results: The findings revealed considerable confusion regarding both the symptoms and causes associated with cancer, as well as prevention measures. This confusion was particularly prominent among women in the general population and those with lower levels of education.
Conclusions: Given these insights, it remains crucial to promote accurate health information concerning risk factors, symptoms, and prevention strategies related to this devastating disease, emphasizing the ongoing importance of disseminating correct health information.
Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Trichoderma asperellum with Antifungal Properties against Colletotrichum acutatum Causal Agent of the Anthracnose Disease
Authors: Chávez-Avilés Mauricio Nahuam , García-Álvarez Margarita , Ávila-Oviedo José Luis , Hernández-Hernández Irving , Bautista-Ortega Paula Itzel , Macías-Rodríguez Lourdes Iveth
Published: August 2024

Managing plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi, like anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species, is a challenge. Different methods are being sought to identify compounds with antibiotic properties. The Trichoderma strains represent a source of novel molecules with antifungal properties, including Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), the production of which is influenced by the medium’s nutrient content. In this study, we assessed the VOCs produced in dual confrontation systems performed in two culture media by Trichoderma strains (T. atroviride IMI206040, T. asperellum T1 and T3, and Trichoderma sp. T2) against Colletotrichum acutatum. We analyze the VOCs profiles using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The Luria Bertani medium (LB) stimulated VOCs production with antifungal properties in most systems. We determined the 2-pentyl furan, dimethyl disulfide, and α-phellandrene antifungal activity in vitro. The equimolar mixture of those VOCs (250 µM) generated 14% C. acutatum diametral growth inhibition. The infective ability and the disease severity caused by the mycelium exposed to the VOCs mixture significantly diminished on strawberry leaves. The application of those VOCs as biofumigants could contribute to managing anthracnose. The use of LB represents a feasible strategy to identify VOCs with antifungal properties even between Trichoderma strains belonging to the same species.
Effect of Boundary Condition on Numerical Study of UAV Composite Skin Panels Under Dynamic Impact Loading
Authors: Wiranto Ilham Bagus , Saraswati Sherly Octavia , Alfikri Iqbal Reza , Chairunnisa Chairunnisa , Megawanto Fadli Cahya , Adhynugraha Muhammad Ilham , Majid Nur Cholis
Published: August 2024

In this study, a dynamic impact loading using Finite Element Analyses (FEA) was applied to an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) composite skin panel. Two types of boundary condition panels were investigated (Fixed and Pinned). The composite UAV skin panel consists of upper panel and stiffener which have a thickness of 3 mm and 2 mm, respectively. The material properties used in this study was referring to Hexcel W3G282-F593 technical data sheet. A hemispherical steel indenter with 70 mm diameter and 120 kg of mass was used to crush the panel with a velocity of 4.43 m/s. The finite element analyses were performed using dynamic explicit solver in ABAQUS 6.23. At the beginning of study, the mesh convergence study was conducted to choose the proper mesh for main analysis. The convergence study was simulated using 20 kg mass to shorten computational time. The mesh size of 10 mm was chosen for the main analysis due to convergent result and short computational time compared to others mesh size. The impact deformation, contact force-displacement plot, and contact force-time plot was used to show the differences of using those boundary condition. The results show that fixed and pinned boundary condition reaches its contact force peak with the value of 29.2 kN and 22.8 kN, respectively.
Enhancing Lubrication System Efficiency in Marine Diesel Engines with Centrifugal Separators - a Case Study Of LPG/C Arimbi: Technical and Cost-Effective Perspectives
Authors: Tuswan Tuswan , Rasyad Muhammad Fuad , Budiarto Untung , Mursid Ocid , Tanzani Andra , Yulianti Serliana , Ismail Abdi , Ariesta Rizky Chandra
Published: August 2024

The lubrication system in an engine is critical for reducing friction between components, preventing wear, reducing heat, protecting components from deposits, and sealing. Maintaining and extending the life of lubricants is crucial for lowering lubricant usage costs. A centrifugal separator is an auxiliary machine that cleans and separates two insoluble liquids with different densities. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of lubricant life, lubricant usage cost savings, and return on investment time for a centrifugal separator. The study uses a case study of LPG/C Arimbi, where a centrifugal separator has helped maintain lubricants, prevent wear, and separate fuel and free water from lubricants. The centrifugal separator can also maintain Total Base Number (TBN) and viscosity values by filtering solid particles or wear elements up to a size of 0.5 µm. The study found that the difference in lubricant life was 11,780 hours, and the cost savings obtained were IDR 186,456,666 per year. The return on investment time for purchasing a centrifugal separator is three years and two months, assuming an average working hours of LPG/C Arimbi every year of 3,660 hours. Therefore, using a centrifugal separator can improve the efficiency of lubricant life and reduce lubricant usage costs, providing a positive return on investment in the long run.
Improving Patient Recall Following Operative Orthopaedic Trauma
Authors: Furdock Ryan , Alejo Andrew , Hoffa Matthew , Vergon Anna , Romeo Nicholas M. , Vallier Heather A.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Orthopaedic trauma patients may experience poor recall regarding their injury and treatment, impairing postoperative outcomes. We sought to evaluate the impact of a standardized postoperative educational protocol on patient recall, adherence to the treatment plan, and satisfaction.

Methods:

Two hundred and twenty adult, English-speaking patients with surgically treated lower-extremity fractures were prospectively included. One hundred and ten patients in the educational intervention cohort met with a non-physician study member after surgery but before hospital discharge. They were given a written questionnaire evaluating knowledge of key aspects of their injury and treatment plan. For incorrectly answered questions, the study team member told the patient the correct answer (e.g., “No, you broke your tibia.”). Immediately after, the patient was verbally asked the question again (e.g., “Which bone did you break?”), repeating the process until the answer was correct. The 110 patients in the control cohort did not receive this “teach-back” protocol. During their first postoperative appointment, all 220 patients completed a follow-up questionnaire assessing recall, adherence to the treatment plan, and satisfaction.

Results:

The control cohort correctly answered 64% of recall-oriented questions versus 89% in the intervention cohort (p < 0.001). Eighty-two percent of control patients versus 89% patients in the intervention cohort adhered to postoperative weight-bearing restrictions (p = 0.09). Eighty-four percent of controls adhered to their deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis regimen versus 99% of the intervention cohort (p < 0.001). On a 5-point Likert scale, controls were less satisfied with their overall orthopaedic care compared with patients in the intervention cohort (mean of 4.38 ± 0.84 versus 4.54 ± 0.63 points; p = 0.02), although this difference was less than the minimal clinically relevant difference of 10% that was defined at study onset. On propensity score-weighted multivariable analysis, receipt of the postoperative educational intervention was the only modifiable factor associated with improvement in patient recall (26% improvement [95% confidence interval, 20% to 31%]; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Some orthopaedic trauma patients’ nonadherence to surgeon recommendations and dissatisfaction with care may be mitigated by postoperative education. This standardized postoperative educational protocol improves orthopaedic trauma patients’ recall, adherence to their treatment plan, and satisfaction in a manner requiring minimal time.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Antibiotic Use and Resistance Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitude among Lebanese Population: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Hanna Venise
Published: August 2024

Objective: This study aims to explore public knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of antibiotic use and resistance in Lebanon.
Methods: A cross sectional analysis was conducted among the entire provinces of Lebanon. Online surveys and face-to-face interviews were carried out by the researcher from October to December 2023.
Results: The sample size was 457, most of which were female 275 (60.2%). Almost all of the participants 435 (95.2%) used an antibiotic at least once in the past year, with self-medication 287 (62.8%) being the major source for antibiotic initiation, used mainly for the treatment of sore throat 208 (45.5%). 341 (74.6%) believed that antibiotics will always kill the same bacteria previously killed if used again. A multivariate logistics regression analysis revealed that age (p value= 0.011), gender (p value= 0.012), education level (p value= 0.000), and medical background (p value= 0.000) were significant.
Conclusion: The findings showed lack of awareness and knowledge regarding the correct use of antibiotics and their resistance among the Lebanese population. This study revealed that younger age, female gender, and higher education along with medical background knowledge had a significant effect on awareness.
Influence of computer parameters on Spaeth Richman Contrast Sensitivity test values using different computers
Authors: Ichhpujani Parul , Singh Drishti , Thakur Sahil , Kumar Suresh
Published: August 2024

BackgroundTo see the influence of various computer parameters on contrast sensitivity values obtained with the web based, Spaeth Richman Contrast Sensitivity (SPARCS) test.MethodThis prospective, observational study enrolled 80 consecutive healthy individuals free of ocular disease. Each patient underwent SPARCS CS testing on both the laptops, Apple Macbook and the Surface Pro. SPARCS scores were identified as the primary outcome variables and other ocular parameters were considered secondary outcome variables.ResultsData of 160 eyes of 80 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria was evaluated. The average age was 26.75 ± 5.75 years (range 18–40 years) and there was a slight female preponderance (61%, n = 49). None of the eyes had history of any ocular pathology. The Bland-Altman (BA) plot highlights a mean difference of 0.694 in measurements between the Macbook Air and Surface Pro indicating a small bias between the two methods. However, the wider limits of agreement (-12.889 to 14.276 ) suggest that the differences between the two can be substantial for some measurements. This variability is supported by the correlation matrix, which shows that while there is a positive relationship between equivalent measurements on the two devices, but they are not close to 1.ConclusionGiven the importance of consistency in contrast sensitivity testing, especially for baseline and follow-up assessments, this data suggests that using different devices may introduce a level of variability that could confound results. Thus, it is essential to use the same device, especially in clinical scenarios, to get precise and reproducible results.
Assessing the influence of KatanaTM Cleaner on the clinical performance of bulk-fill restorations in endodontically treated teeth: study protocol for a randomized clinical study
Authors: Azevedo Jacqueline Vitória do Nascimento , Carvalho Ceci Nunes , Leite Hadda Lyzandra Austriaco , Lima Suellen Nogueira Linares , Mendes Wallace Vieira , Neto Sebastião Marinho Pinheiro , Cardenas Andrés Felipe Millian , Siqueira Fabiana Suellen Figueredo , de Almeida Rossana Aboud Matos , Filho Etevaldo Matos Maia
Published: August 2024

Background
Complete cleaning of the pulp chamber is mandatory prior to restoration. Ethanol is the commonly used cleaning agent; however, studies report its inefficiency in completely removing residues. Although Katana is recommended for prosthetic purposes, studies on its use as a pulp chamber cleaning agent have shown promising results; moreover, it has the potential to improve dentin bonding strength. This study aimed to conduct a prospective, controlled, equivalence trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the Katana™ Cleaner in cleaning the pulp chamber of endodontically treated teeth and to assess its impact on the clinical performance of bulk-fill resin restorations.
Methods
This will be a parallel, randomized, double-blind clinical trial conducted in accordance with the CONSORT guidelines. Based on the type of sealer (epoxy or bioceramic cement) and the cleaning agent used, the patients (n = 224) will be divided into four treatment groups, and the final restoration will be done using bulk-fill resin. The clinical performance of the restorations will be assessed by an experienced, calibrated dentist who is not involved in the restorative procedures. Clinical performance evaluations will be conducted immediately and after 6, 12, and 18 months, using two assessment criteria: World Dental Federation (FDI) and United States Public Health Service (USPHS). Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression analyses will be used to determine the occurrence of failure over time and the risk of failure in both treatment types, respectively. The significance level for all tests will be set at 5%.
Discussion
This study will be the first to examine the clinical effects of a new cleaning protocol for the removal of endodontic cement residue. Moreover, this study will explore whether the use of Katana improves the bonding strength of a self-conditioning adhesive to dentin in teeth restored with composite resin. If clinical studies yield promising results, individuals would benefit from interventions using the proposed protocol, thereby leading to an improved prognosis of endodontically treated tooth restorations, prompting further research.
Trial registration:
REBEC: RBR-86ycwq7 on February 29, 2024.
Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among healthcare professionals in Mogadishu- Somalia.
Authors: ASNHUR YONIS ABDULLAHI
Published: August 2024

Introduction.
Healthcare professionals have always faced significant mental health challenges due to the demanding nature of their work. These challenges include long hours, high-pressure environments, and the emotional toll of patient care. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has amplified these issues, leading to unprecedented levels of stress, anxiety, and depression among healthcare workers (HCWs).
Method.
In a cross-sectional study conducted among healthcare professionals in Mogadishu during April, May, and June of 2024, a sample size of 385 participants was recruited using a convenience sampling approach. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 42 (DASS 42) questionnaire was employed to assess mental health, and the data were collected and administered via KoBoToolbox. data analysis was performed using SPSS software.
Result.
In the study, 69.5% of healthcare professionals scored within the normal range for depression, 7.5% experienced mild depression, 11.8% had moderate depression, 9.2% were classified as having severe depression, and 2.0% were found to have extremely severe depression. For anxiety, 57.0% of healthcare professionals scored in the normal range, 9.2% had mild anxiety, 11.1% showed moderate anxiety, 9.2% were classified as having severe anxiety, and 13.4% experienced extremely severe anxiety. Regarding stress, 70.5% of healthcare professionals scored within the normal range, 8.2% experienced mild stress, 13.1% had moderate stress, 7.2% were classified as having severe stress, and 1.0% were found to have extremely severe stress.
Discussion.
The study on healthcare professionals in Mogadishu, Somalia, found varying levels of psychological distress, with 69.5% showing normal levels for depression, 57.0% for anxiety, and 70.5% for stress. Compared to during the pandemic, normal levels have increased for depression (53.5%) and anxiety (30.7%) but decreased for stress (84.8%). During the pandemic, a significant percentage of healthcare professionals experienced mild depression (24.9%), anxiety (36.2%), and stress (6.9%), with moderate symptoms also prevalent (Ahmed et al., 2022). Post-pandemic, there was a decrease in mild symptoms but persistent moderate levels of depression (11.8%), anxiety (11.1%), and stress (13.1%). During the pandemic, severe anxiety was prevalent at 10.7%, severe depression at 1.8%, and severe stress at 1.1% (Ahmed et al., 2022). Post-pandemic, severe depression rose to 9.2%, severe anxiety remained at 9.2%, and severe stress increased to 7.2%. Additionally, 13.4% experienced extremely severe anxiety, 2.0% extremely severe depression, and 1.0% extremely severe stress.
Surface engineering boron nitride Nanosheets with lithium stearate: Tailoring the electronic, mechanical, and thermal characteristics
Authors: shams shamsiya , Bindhu Baby
Published: August 2024

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a versatile two-dimensional material that has attracted significant attention for energy applications. Surface modification of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanosheets (BNNS) is a crucial aspect of enhancing their properties and expanding their applications. It also enhances the compatibility of h-BN with different matrices and facilitates its integration into various composite materials. The main objective of this research work is to modify the surface of BNNS using Lithium stearate (LiC18H35O2), denoted as LS. Three different combinations of BNNS and LS blends, designated as BNLS1 (BNNS: LS at 1:1), BNLS2 (BNN: LS at 1:2), and BNLS3 (BNNS: LS at 1:3), have been prepared. As a surface modifier, LiC18H35O2 imparts specific characteristics to surfaces or interfaces. The obtained samples underwent characterization techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, and Photoluminescence (PL) analysis. The reduction of the optical bandgap in BNNS following functionalization is examined and discussed. The thermal stability of the surface-modified samples is explored, and the onset degradation temperature of BNLS3 is very high compared to that of pure BNNS. These enhanced properties make the composites an appropriate material for electrochemical storage applications.
Integrated bioinformatic analyses defined ALDH18A1 as key regulators in glutamine metabolism in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ren Hao , Ge Deng-Feng , Yang Zi-Chen , Cheng Zhen-Ting , Zhao Shou-Xiang , Zhang Bin
Published: August 2024

Glutamine metabolism is pivotal in cancer biology, profoundly influencing tumor growth, proliferation, and resistance to therapies. Cancer cells often exhibit an elevated dependence on glutamine for essential functions such as energy production, biosynthesis of macromolecules, and maintenance of redox balance. Moreover, altered glutamine metabolism can contribute to the formation of an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment characterized by reduced immune cell infiltration and activity. In this study on lung adenocarcinoma, we used consensus clustering and applied 101 machine learning methods to systematically identify key genes associated with glutamine metabolism. This comprehensive approach yielded a refined understanding of how these metabolic pathways contribute to cancer progression and patient outcomes. Importantly, a robust risk model was constructed using these identified genes to predict overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients. This model not only enhances our ability to stratify patient risk but also provides potential targets for therapeutic intervention aimed at disrupting glutamine metabolism and sensitizing tumors to existing treatments. Such insights underscore the critical role of glutamine metabolism in cancer and highlight avenues for personalized medicine in oncology research.
Surrogate-Based Optimization Framework for Enhancing SMT Process Quality and Productivity in Electronics Manufacturing Services
Authors: Lee Ching-Hung , Lin Kai-Xiang , Chou Che-Wei
Published: August 2024

The quality of the surface mount technology (SMT) process directly impacts product efficiency and reliability. Solder paste printing and reflow soldering processes are vital for assembling high-quality electronic components. Effectively optimizing these process parameters to ensure product consistency and reliability has become a critical issue in the electronics manufacturing services industry. Motivated by realistic needs to enhance the quality of the SMT process. This study proposes a surrogate-based optimization framework to improve the quality and productivity of the SMT production line. It encompasses five stages: domain knowledge, design of experiment, data collection and analysis, modeling, and optimization. Statistical correlation analysis and experimental design are used to reduce experiment counts. Then neural networks and optimization algorithms are utilized to identify the optimal process parameters in solder paste printing process. Moreover, this study proposes transfer learning methods for cross-product and line parameter optimization, which not only reduces production changeover time but also offers valuable insights for developing the solder paste printing process. A heat transfer model derived from a single experiment is used to identify parameters for reflow soldering. The target function is then optimized to find the optimal reflow recipe. Additionally, a solder joint defect detection system is established using deep learning and image processing techniques, capable of real-time detection and classification of solder joint defects. To evaluate the validity of the proposed framework, the surrogated-based optimization framework was deployed in a leading networking solutions company in Taiwan. Indeed, the developed solution has been implemented in this case company.
Exploring an N-Type Conducting Polymer (BBL) as a Potential Gas Sensing Material for NH3 and H2S Detection: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Sunny Sonu , Shah Shivam , Jena Sushri Soumya , Gopalini Bhavika , Hazra Arnab , Garg Mohit , Ghosh Sarbani
Published: August 2024

Conducting polymers (CPs) have garnered significant interest in being used as an active material in gas sensors mainly because of their structural flexibility, ease of synthesis, and enhanced performance at room temperature. The p-type CPs and their composites are mostly studied in gas sensing, which, unfortunately, exhibit limitations in terms of selectivity, stability, and sensitivity toward reducing gases. This study focuses on one of the widely studied n-type polymers, BBL(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline), as an active material for the detection of two reducing gases, namely, ammonia (NH3)and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), theoretically. Through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and density functional theory (DFT)approach, we understand the adsorption behavior and selectivity of NH3 and H2S in the BBL film. Our results show that BBL displays remarkable adsorption for ammonia gas compared to hydrogen sulfide gas without compromising the π − π stacked crystallites within the polymer film. The DFT calculations show the adsorption energy of -0.32 eV and -0.21 eV for NH3 and H2S, respectively. MD simulations show that adsorption takes place in the free voids within the thin films, helping the polymer films to maintain their crystallinity, which indicates, upon detection of reducing gases, the generated free electrons will be able to be smoothly transported through the π − π stack network. The detailed theoretical insights obtained from this study indicate the suitability of the n-type conducting polymer, BBL, for the detection of reducing gases.
Solving Method of Traveling Salesman Problem Based on Performer Graph Self-attention Mechanism
Authors: Han Li , Duan Qianqian
Published: August 2024

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classic combinatorial optimization problem that seeks to find the shortest possible route for a salesman to visit each city exactly once and return to the starting point. This problem serves as a crucial benchmark for assessing the efficiency of optimization algorithms in real-world scenarios. As an NP-hard problem, solving larger instances of TSP within several minutes is challenging for traditional algorithms. This paper presents a deep learning approach combining Graph Self-Attention (GSA) with the Performer's linear complexity attention mechanism. The GSA module, built on Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs), captures complex node relationships to enhance feature representations and encoding capabilities. The Performer's mechanism in the decoder improves efficiency in solving large-scale TSP instances. Additionally, we introduce a Partial Optimization with Or-opt (POO) method to optimize parts of the solution, avoiding local minima and enhancing accuracy. Experimental results indicate that our method performs comparably to current leading methods. Moreover, comparative experiments validate the significance of the GSA module in enhancing model performance and leveraging graph structural information.
Four new species of Mesobiotus (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Skåne, Sweden with an updated phylogeny of the genus
Authors: Atherton Sarah , Hulterström Jens , Guidetti Roberto , Jönsson K. Ingemar
Published: August 2024

Four new species of Mesobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) are described from Skåne County in the southernmost region of Sweden. All four species are distinguished morphologically and through differences in DNA sequences as supported by PTP and mPTP analyses. With the addition of Mesobiotus bockebodicus sp. nov., M. passim sp. nov., M. pseudoemiliae sp. nov., and M. zelmaesp. nov., the number of nominal species of Macrobiotidae within Sweden is increased to 26, 73% of which have been documented from Skåne. Finally, new morphological details and DNA sequences are presented for Mesobiotus emiliae,and the phylogenetic relationships within the genus is reconstructed using previously published and new 18S and COI gene sequences.
Atom probe study of the composition of second-phase Zr(Fe,Cr) 2 and Zr 2 (Fe, Si) particles in Zircaloy-4
Authors: Huang Siyu , Tegg Levi , Yamini Sima Aminorroaya , Tuli Vidur , Burr Patrick , McCarroll Ingrid , Yang Limei , Moore Katie L. , Cairney Julie M.
Published: August 2024

Zirconium (Zr) alloys, such as Zircaloy-4 (Zy-4), are widely used for cladding in nuclear applications. Zy-4 consists of an α-Zr matrix and various second phase particles (SPPs). These precipitates play a crucial role in determining the overall alloy performance, so understanding their composition is essential for the development of these advanced nuclear materials. We have studied two SPPs in this alloy, Zr(Fe,Cr)2 and Zr2(Si,Fe), using site-specific focused ion-beam lift-out and atom probe tomography, and measured the composition and distribution of alloying elements at the precipitate/matrix interface. Residual Cu and B segregated to the interfaces of both precipitates and the matrix while Sn only segregated to the interface in the Zr2(Fe,Si) precipitate. Hydrogen segregation was observed at the interface of Zr(Fe,Cr)2 and the matrix.
Nursing undergraduates’ perceptions of and readiness for online distance learning: A descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Mudiyanselage Prasanthi Sumudrika Ilankoon Ilankoon , Mudiyanselage Sujatha Kedara Seneviratne Seneviratne
Published: August 2024

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the usual/traditional/regular learning environments of undergraduates. Undergraduates’ perceptions of online distance learning, their online experience, and their perceptions of useful and challenging elements in learning online are important for understanding the potential value of online learning. This study aimed to assess the perceptions of nursing undergraduates regarding their experience with online distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 137 nursing undergraduates in Sri Lanka from May 2021 to December 2021. A pretested validated self-administered questionnaire Google Forms was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed via descriptive and multivariate analysis of variance.
Results
The response rate was 91.3% (n=137). The mean age of the undergraduates was 24.18 (±3.45 SD) years. Nearly half of the participants used a smartphone to log in for online classes (51.8%), and a majority (62.8%) used mobile data to access online classes. The main challenges and barriers identified by the undergraduates were mobility restrictions due to community lockdown (85.4%), a lack of motivation due to the absence of face-to-face contact with friends and lecturers (82.5%), heavy workloads(81%), the need to fulfil responsibilities at home (79.6%), and poor internet connections (78.8%).The mean total online learning readiness score (OLRS) was 13.95 (±4.90). Only the self-directed learning and motivation for learning dimensions had scores ranging from 3.44 to 3.63. The MANOVA tests revealed that female undergraduates had a significant difference in the OLRS (F ¼ 3.932, p < 0.04; Wilks’ Lambda¼ 0.955; partial eta squared ¼ 0.028), and computer internet self-efficacy had significant differences in academic years (F ¼ 6.015, p < 0.001; Wilks’ Lambda¼ 0.808; partial eta squared ¼ 0.119).
Conclusion:
The emergence of the transition to online distance learning has revealed that nursing undergraduate programs need to focus on reforming their curricula while considering undergraduates’ perceptions of different learning strategies and their use of technologies.
Accessibility of methadone treatment via public transit for syringe services program participants in Miami-Dade County, Florida
Authors: Plesons Marina , Malecki Eileen , Ciraldo Katrina , Ashbes Emilie , Suarez Edward , Tookes Hansel E. , Bartholomew Tyler S.
Published: August 2024

Methadone is an opioid receptor agonist medication used in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). Geographic distance to opioid treatment programs (OTPs) is a major barrier to treatment, given requirements for direct observation of dosing and periodic drug screens, and ‘methadone treatment deserts’ are defined as a public transit threshold of 30 minutes. The purpose of this study was to examine public transit access to methadone treatment for participants of a syringe services program (SSP) in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Public transit times were calculated using the R library r5r, which facilitates multi-modal transportation network routing. General Transit Feed Specification data was combined with street network data from OpenStreetMap for Miami-Dade County. Transit times were estimated from the population-weighted centroid of each zip code (n=79) with participants of Miami’s only SSP (n=1597) to the nearest OTP (n=4) using 10 departure windows aligned with OTP service hours. The mean one-way transit time from zip codes with SSP participants in Miami-Dade County to the nearest OTP was 80 minutes. 75 of the 79 (95%) zip codes with SSP participants in Miami-Dade County have a mean transit time to the closest OTP greater than 30 minutes. Transit times differ substantially between zip codes with different numbers of SSP participants, but not between departure windows. Nearly all zip codes with SSP participants in Miami-Dade County can be classified as ‘methadone treatment deserts’. Geographic isolation of methadone treatment from public transit routes represents a significant barrier to equitable OUD treatment.
Innovative Prediction of VEGF Levels and Prognosis in Gastric Cancer through PET/CT-Based Radiomics
Authors: Feng Hao , Zhou Kangneng , Yuan Qingyu , Liu Zhiwei , Zhang Taojun , Chen Hao , Xu Benjamin , Sun Zepang , Han Zhen , Liu Hao , Yu Shitong , Chen Tao , Li Guoxin , Zhou Wenlan , Yu Jiang , Huang Weicai , Jiang Yuming
Published: August 2024

Background
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major challenge in oncology due to its late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Predicting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) levels and survival outcomes accurately can significantly enhance therapeutic decision-making. This study introduces an innovative approach utilizing [18F] FDG PET/CT radiomics to predict VEGF status and survival outcomes, aiming to improve personalized treatment strategies in GC.
Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of gastric cancer patients who underwent [18F] FDG PET/CT scans. Radiomics features were extracted from these scans and subjected to Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression to develop a predictive Radiomics Score (RS). The effectiveness of RS in predicting VEGF status and survival was assessed using ROC curve analysis and Cox regression models, respectively.
Results
The RS demonstrated excellent predictive capabilities with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.861 in the training cohort and 0.857 in the validation cohort for VEGF status. It also significantly predicted overall survival, with patients having higher RS experiencing worse outcomes (Hazard Ratio = 5.063, p < 0.05).
Conclusion
This study successfully develops and validates a radiomics-based model using [18F] FDG PET/CT that predicts both VEGF levels and survival in gastric cancer patients. This model provides a foundation for non-invasive, precision oncology approaches that can significantly impact clinical practice by facilitating targeted treatment plans.
Robust geographic entity matching by maximizing the geometric and semantic similarity of feature arcs
Authors: Yan YuHan , Wu PengDa , Yin Yong , Guo PeiPei
Published: August 2024

Geographic entity matching is an important means for multi-source spatial data fusion and information association and sharing. Corresponding matching methods have been designed by existing studies for different types of entity data characteristics, such as line and area. However, these approaches are often limited in the generalization ability for matching heterogeneous data from multiple sources and the accuracy for complex pattern matching. To resolve these problems, a robust geographic entity matching method by maximizing the geometric and semantic similarity of feature arcs is proposed. First, the entire entity is segmented based on shape features, and the partitioned feature arcs are extracted as matching primitives; Second, feature arcs are grouped into patterns, encompassing three major categories and 14 subcategories; Following this, pattern matching is performed based on spatial similarity metric such as maximum projection distance, etc.; Finally, the spatial matches are detected and refined through semantic similarity calculation. The proposed method is tested using two datasets from a region in southeast China. The experimental results demonstrate that our method can be effectively applied to both area and line entity matching. Specifically, 9 different strategies for matching area entities and 6 for line entities are utilized, and the precision and recall are almost above 90%.
Investigation of Parents With High Risk Infant on Participation in Care, Depression, Quality of Life and Anxiety According to the Infant’s Severity of Neurologic Impact
Authors: ŞEN Müşerref Ebru , YAKUT Hatice
Published: August 2024

Purpose
The study aims to examine the psychological consequences such as anxiety level, quality of life, depression, and the level of participation in care for the parents of high risk infants with different levels of severity of neurologic impact.
Methods
Forty high risk infants and their mothers were included in the study. The pain was evaluated with the neonatal pain scale (NIPS). Infants were divided into 3 groups according to the Dubowitz neurologic assessment scale. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), Quality of Life Short Form 36 (SF-36) and the NICU Care Participation Scale were applied.
Results
While there was a difference in depression and quality of life according to the 5-minute Apgar score (p<0.001), there was no difference in the levels of state and trait anxiety (p=0.300). There was a difference in the mother's anxiety and depression levels (p<0.001) and many parameters of quality of life according to the presence of pain in the infant and the level of severity of neurologic impact. It was determined that the presence of pain and the level of severity of neurologic impact did not affect the participation in care of the mother (p>0.01).
Conclusion
It has been determined that mothers with infants with high severity of neurologic impact have more advanced anxiety and depression and more severe effects on the sub-dimensions of quality of life. It was concluded that the severity of the infant's neurological status did not affect the participation in care of mothers.
Long-Term Chronicity of Work Addiction: The Role of Personality and Work Motivations
Authors: Kun Bernadette , Kökönyei Gyöngyi
Published: August 2024

The current comprehensive study investigated the relationship between work addiction (WA), personality traits, and motivations, focusing on their roles in WA persistence and recovery. The objective was to explore the capacity of personality dimensions and work motivation to predict the chronicity of WA, symptom variation, and gender differences. Over a four-year study of 586 participants (51.4% female), the Bergen Work Addiction Scale was used to assess WA at two time points. Personality and motivation were assessed by Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, short Brief Symptom Inventory, Ruminative Response Scale, and Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale at Time 1. Latent class analysis identified two primary groups in the entire sample: individuals with persistent WA and those without. While females aligned with these groups, males exhibited five distinct latent classes. In females, chronic WA was associated with lower self-esteem, higher self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism, rumination, psychological distress, and increased extrinsic motivation. In males, the chronic WA group exhibited heightened levels of perfectionism, rumination, psychopathological distress, lower self-esteem, and elevated extrinsic and introjected regulations compared to the other WA groups. These findings emphasize the possibility of WA persisting over an extended period, with personality traits and motivations playing a significant role in this endurance. These results not only advance our understanding of WA but also provide valuable insights for future research on protective factors against WA. Furthermore, the findings have significant practical implications, including addressing excessive perfectionism in work environments and offering avenues for future research.
The Ceiling Rate Policy: Redefining Monetary Stability and Consumer Protection in Modern Economies
Authors: Oorkolil By Vijimon
Published: August 2024

This paper presents the Ceiling Rate Policy, a transformative approach to monetary policy that caps borrowing rates while maintaining a fixed interest rate spread for banks. Aimed at bolstering economic stability, safeguarding consumers, and fostering a predictable lending environment, this policy offers a viable alternative to traditional interest rate mechanisms. Through a thorough analysis of its theoretical foundation, practical application, and anticipated effects, we demonstrate how the Ceiling Rate Policy addresses critical issues in credit supply, inflation control, interest rate swaps and economic inequality. This research lays the groundwork for rethinking monetary policy in contemporary economies.
JEL CODES: E42, E52, E58, E63, G21, G28, E31, E51, E61