bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A ferroptosis-related gene signature for overall survival prediction and immune infiltration in lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Miao Ti-wei , Yang De-qing , Chen Fang-ying , Zhu Qi , Chen Xin
Published: July 2022

Background: Ferroptosis is associated with cancer initiation and progression. However, the molecular mechanism and prognostic value of ferroptosis-related genes in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) are poorly understood.

Methods: The mRNA expression profiles, methylation data, and clinical information of patients with LUSC were downloaded from TCGA and GEO database. Ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between cancerous and non-cancerous tissues, and their prognostic value was systemically investigated by bioinformatic analyses.

Results: A ferroptosis-related gene signature (ALOX5, TFRC, PHKG2, FADS2, NOX1) was constructed using multivariate Cox regression analysis and represented as a risk score. Overall survival (OS) probability was significantly lower in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group (P<0.001), and receiver operating characteristic curve showed a good predictive capacity (AUC = 0.739). The risk score was an independent prognostic factor for LUSC. A nomogram was constructed to predict the OS probabilities at 1, 3, and 5 years. High-risk score was associated with increased immune infiltration, lower methylation levels, higher immune checkpoint genes expression levels, and better chemotherapy response. Cell adhesion molecules, focal adhesion, and extracellular matrix receptor interaction were the main pathways in the high-risk group. The signature was validated using the TCGA test cohort, entire TCGA cohort, GSE30219, GSE157010, GSE73403, and GSE4573 datasets. The gene disorders in patients with LUSC were validated using real-time PCR and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis.

Conclusions: A ferroptosis-related gene signature was constructed to predict OS probability in LUSC. This could facilitate novel therapeutic methods and guide individualized therapy.
Long Covid – komplexe Problematik anhand einer
Fallpräsentation
Authors: Takacs Michael
Published: July 2022

Anhand eines komplexen Long-Covid-Falles werden 2 seltene homöopathische
Arzneien vorgestellt, die sich bei Long-Covid-Erkrankungen bewährt
haben. Der Fall zeigt, wie wichtig es sein kann, den Heilungsverlauf nach den
Gesetzen der Homöopathie richtig zu interpretieren, um
schließlich die passende Arznei zu finden.
A eficácia da infiltração periarticular anestésica na analgesia pós-operatória de artroplastia total do quadril
Authors: Chang Rafael Wei Min Leal , Nunes Juscimar Carneiro , Batista Bruno Bellaguarda , Borborema Thiago Couto Valle Bomfim de
Published: July 2022

Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a eficácia da técnica de infiltração periarticular do quadril no pós-operatório de artroplastia total do quadril.

Métodos Estudo clínico randomizado duplo-cego controlado. O estudo foi realizado nos pacientes com fratura de colo femoral ou osteoartrose de quadril, submetidos ao procedimento cirúrgico de artroplastia total do quadril em nossa instituição. A técnica de infiltração periarticular consistiu na aplicação da combinação de um anestésico (levobupivacaína) com um corticosteroide (dexametasona) nos tecidos ricos em nociceptores do quadril, após a colocação dos implantes ortopédicos. No grupo controle, foi realizada infiltração de soro fisiológico 0,9% nos mesmos tecidos. Após 24 e 48 horas do procedimento, foram avaliados os quesitos de dor, amplitude de movimentos, uso de analgésicos opióides, presença de efeitos adversos, período do início da deambulação e o tempo total de hospitalização.

Resultados Trinta e quatro pacientes foram estatisticamente avaliados no estudo. Foi observada uma redução no consumo de opioides entre 24 e 48 h no grupo experimental. Uma redução maior da pontuação de dor foi observada no grupo placebo.

Conclusão A infiltração periarticular anestésica como método de analgesia pós-operatória de artroplastia total do quadril, neste estudo, reduziu as taxas de consumo de opioides quando comparamos a evolução entre 24 e 48h. Não houve benefícios quanto às taxas de dor, mobilidade, tempo de internação ou intercorrências com este método.
Tradução e adaptação cultural à língua portuguesa do Long Head Biceps Score
Authors: Godinho André Couto , Almeida Felipe Santiago de , Ayres João César Zakur , Godinho Pedro Couto , Godinho Glaydson Gomes , Sugawara Marcel Jun Tamaoki
Published: July 2022

Objetivo Realizar a tradução e adaptação cultural à língua portuguesa do Long Head of Biceps Tendon (LHB).

Métodos O processo envolveu a produção de traduções por indivíduos com domínio da língua-alvo, retrotraduções de maneira independente, criação de um comitê para comparar as versões original e traduzida, realização de pré-teste com a versão final, e elaboração da versão final.

Resultados O questionário foi traduzido e adaptado conforme a metodologia proposta. Na primeira versão em português (VP1), houve divergências na tradução de doze termos. A retrotradução da VP1 apresentou, quando comparada à versão original, divergência em oito termos. A segunda versão em português (VP2), elaborada por um comitê, foi aplicada a um grupo pré-teste constituído por 30 participantes, e ao final chegou-se à terceira versão em português, denominada LHB-pt.

Conclusão A tradução e adaptação do LHB foram concluídas com sucesso.
A critical review for Cairo’s green open spaces dynamics as a prospect to act as placemaking anchors
Authors: Keleg Merham M. , Butina Watson Georgia , Salheen Mohamed A.
Published: July 2022

In recent decades, the integration of nature into cities has witnessed a wave of progressive advancement due to the environmental and anthropological disciplines. However, cities still face numerous challenges in terms of providing and maintaining green spaces. Thus, collaboration and partnerships between various stakeholders are being promoted as a possible solution to such a dilemma with a specific focus on community engagement and placemaking. This research examines the gaps triggering the scarce green open space challenge in Cairo, Egypt, as an example of a rapidly urbanising city in the Global South. In contrast to previous research on green spaces in Cairo, the current study investigates the cascade of the different scales and hierarchical levels of strategies as well as stakeholders concerned with green spaces. The results demonstrate the importance of understanding the dynamics and activating stronger networks between different stakeholders, especially on the community scale. The current research also highlights the importance of determining the actual value of green open spaces for various stakeholders as an essential entry point for placemaking. In addition, it is urging considering the multifunctionality of green spaces as a basis for formulating and negotiating an urban greening policy and strategy in Cairo.
Assessing hydrokinetic energy conversion for rivers across the world
Authors: Green Leigh Ann
Published: July 2022

Energy extraction opportunities may exist at locations undesirable for conventional hydropower plants.
Measurement of neutral gas temperature in inductively coupled Ar and Ar/O2 plasmas
Authors: Du Peng-Cheng , Zhou Fang-Jie , Zhao Kai , Liu Yong-Xin , Gao Fei , Wang You-Nian
Published: July 2022

In low-temperature inductively coupled radio frequency (rf) plasmas, electrons and ions that gain energy from the electric field can transfer a portion of energy to neutral particles. The resulting radial variation of the neutral gas temperature Tg can significantly influence the radial distributions of reaction rates and radical densities on the substrate, thus affecting the etching/film deposition uniformity. In this work, we perform an experimental study on the dependence of the neutral gas temperature Tg on external parameters (i.e., rf power, pressure, and gas component) in inductively coupled Ar and Ar/O2 plasmas by using a fiber Bragg grating sensor. To analyze the correlation between Tg and the plasma characteristics, a Langmuir probe is used to measure the electron density ne, effective electron temperature Te, and ion density ni under the same discharge conditions. It is found that in both Ar and Ar/O2 plasmas, neutral gas heating is sensitive to plasma density. As the plasma density increases with the pressure/power, the collisions of ions and electrons with neutral particles are enhanced so that Tg increases monotonically. With the increase of O2 content, ne and ni are observed to decrease due to enhanced dissociation and excitation of O2, leading to a decrease in Tg. The radial profile of Tg exhibits a parabolic distribution in pure Ar discharges, whereas it evolves through a center-flat shape into a saddle shape with the increase of O2 content. The variation of Tg with rf power during the E-to-H mode transition is also presented and discussed.
Modeling of thin-film transistor device characteristics based on fundamental charge transport physics
Authors: Wang Xiao , Dodabalapur Ananth
Published: July 2022

A model is described that enables the calculation of thin-film transistor (TFT) characteristics starting from fundamental considerations of charge transport. Starting from scattering mechanisms and trap distribution in a semiconductor, electric field and charge density distributions are calculated along the channel length direction. Output and transfer characteristics of a TFT can be calculated at any temperature. The model is quasi-two-dimensional and is based on multiple trap and release transport in the semiconductor active layer. Importantly, the charge transport models that constitute the basis of this paper are very sophisticated and operate at a level of depth and detail that go beyond most other studies on thin-film transistors. Contact resistance effects, often very important in TFTs, are included in the model. Simulation results are presented for several representative TFT dimensions and parameter sets. The model is designed for convenient use by the research community, and the source code as well as instructions are publicly available. The modular nature of the models allows for ease in changing the semiconductor parameters, transport mechanisms, contact barriers, etc.
Thermal diffusivity in ion-irradiated single-crystal iron, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten measured using transient grating spectroscopy
Authors: Wylie A. P. C. , Woller K. B. , Al Dajani S. A. A. , Dacus B. R. , Pickering E. J. , Preuss M. , Short M. P.
Published: July 2022

The speed-up of radiation science development with the advent of ion-irradiation experiments has, until recently, been omitted in the post-irradiation examination technique. This paper reports the results of transient grating spectroscopy—a rapid, non-destructive, in situ photothermal surface technique—of ion-irradiated single-crystals of iron, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten at room temperature. Thermal diffusivity was used to track damage development throughout irradiation, with 5 MeV self-ion irradiated iron, chromium, and vanadium showing little to no change up to damages of the order of 1 dpa. 5 MeV Si3+-ion irradiated tungsten exhibits a reduction of thermal diffusivity from 0.78(7) to 0.29(2) cm2 s−1 with logarithmically increasing dose over a similar damage range. A comparison to literature of transient grating spectroscopy thermal diffusivity values past and present shows good agreement; radiation-induced change can be clearly distinguished from differences between mono- and poly-crystalline tungsten.
Numerical study of the influence of O2 admixture on the propagation and F-containing species distribution of He/CF4 atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Liu Jie , Wang Lijun , Zhang Runming , Lian Zhuoxi , Wang Zhiwei
Published: July 2022

O2 impurity in the working gas of an He/CF4 atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) can affect the discharge dynamics and the density of reactive species. Therefore, a two-dimensional (2D) fluid model is built in order to explore the influence of an O2 admixture on the propagation and F-containing species distribution of He/CF4 APPJ. The addition of 0.1% O2 accelerates the ionization rates of APPJ due to the increase of Penning ionization reactions of O2, resulting in the increases of axial speed and F-containing reactive species (CF4+, CF3+, CF2+, CF+, F+, CF3, F, CF3−) when APPJ approaches the dielectric surface. The addition of O2 has the inhibitory effect on the rise of some F-containing reactive species (CF3+ and F). As O2 concentration increases to 2%, the concentration of F-containing reactive species shows a downward trend due to the increase of excitation energy loss and an electron attachment reaction of O2. Different from the axial speed, the radial speed decreases continuously with the increase of O2 because of the high O2 concentration on the dielectric surface when APPJ propagates radially. This also results in a reduced distribution of reactive species fluxes. The excitation energy loss and electronegativity of O2 and CF4 in the case of He + 0.5% CF4 + 0.5% O2 have been presented in this paper. It is discovered that excitation energy loss of O2 is stronger than that of CF4, but the electronegativity of CF4 is stronger than that of O2.
Dynamic adhesion of 2D materials to mixed-phase BiFeO3 structural phase transitions
Authors: Watson Carla , Peña Tara , Abdin Marah , Khan Tasneem , Wu Stephen M.
Published: July 2022

Two-dimensional materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, have generated much interest due to their strain-sensitive electronic, optical, magnetic, superconducting, or topological properties. Harnessing control over their strain state may enable new technologies that operate by controlling these materials’ properties in devices such as straintronic transistors. Piezoelectric oxides have been proposed as one method to control such strain states on the device scale. However, there are few studies of how conformal 2D materials remain on oxide materials with respect to dynamic applications of the strain. Non-conformality may lead to non-optimal strain transfer. In this work, we explore this aspect of oxide-2D adhesion in the nanoscale switching of the substrate structural phase in thin 1T′-MoTe2 attached to a mixed-phase thin-film BiFeO3 (BFO), a multiferroic oxide with an electric-field induced structural phase transition that can generate mechanical strains of up to 2%. We observe that flake thickness impacts the conformality of 1T′-MoTe2 to structural changes in BFO, but below four layers, 1T′-MoTe2 fully conforms to the nanoscale BFO structural changes. The conformality of few-layer 1T′-MoTe2 suggests that BFO is an excellent candidate for deterministic, nanoscale strain control for 2D materials.
On the properties of Alfvénic switchbacks in the expanding solar wind: Three-dimensional numerical simulations
Authors: Johnston Zade , Squire Jonathan , Mallet Alfred , Meyrand Romain
Published: July 2022

Switchbacks—abrupt reversals of the magnetic field within the solar wind—have been ubiquitously observed by Parker Solar Probe (PSP). Their origin, whether from processes near the solar surface or within the solar wind itself, remains under debate and likely has key implications for solar wind heating and acceleration. Here, using three-dimensional expanding box simulations, we examine the properties of switchbacks arising from the evolution of outwards-propagating Alfvén waves in the expanding solar wind in detail. Our goal is to provide testable predictions that can be used to differentiate between properties arising from solar surface processes and those from the in situ evolution of Alfvén waves in switchback observations by PSP. We show how the inclusion of the Parker spiral causes magnetic field deflections within switchbacks to become asymmetric, preferentially deflecting in the plane of the Parker spiral and rotating in one direction toward the radial component of the mean field. The direction of the peak of the magnetic field distribution is also shown to be different from the mean field direction due to its highly skewed nature. Compressible properties of switchbacks are also explored, with magnetic-field-strength and density fluctuations being either correlated or anticorrelated depending on the value of β, agreeing with predictions from theory. We also measure dropouts in magnetic-field strength and density spikes at the boundaries of these synthetic switchbacks, both of which have been observed by PSP. The agreement of these properties with observations provides further support for the Alfvén wave model of switchbacks.
Atomic insights into the size effect of glassy domain on the propagation of plastic deformation carriers in crystal-glass nanocomposite
Authors: Gan Kefu , Yan Dingshun
Published: July 2022

Crystal-glass nanocomposites with the synergy of high strength and exceptional ductility are promising for future applications in micro-electromechanical systems. Deformation behaviors of crystal-glass nanocomposites are governed by the formation and propagation of their plastic deformation carriers, namely, dislocations in the crystalline phase and strain-activated atomic clusters (e.g., shear transformation zones and shear bands) in the glassy phase. Yet, it is challenging to unveil the size effect of a glassy domain on the propagation of plastic deformation carriers in crystal-glass nanocomposites. To clarify the above issue, in this work, we perform molecular dynamics simulation on simple configurations fabricated by embedding a series of cylinder glass domains with different radii into the single-crystal matrix. Their stress–strain response and microstructures, especially the deformation carriers in the two phases evolving with the applied compressive strain, are quantitively analyzed. The average shear strain of glassy atoms is found to significantly decrease with the increased glassy domain volume, accordingly alleviating the strain localization in the glassy phase. The formation and propagation of strain-activated atomic clusters are also suppressed by enlarging the glassy domain volume due to the lowered shear strains sustained by glassy atoms. Moreover, dislocation densities in the crystalline matrix also decrease in the configuration with a larger-volume glassy domain, which can be ascribed to the enhanced dislocation absorption effect from the amorphous-crystal interfaces. This work indicates that the mechanical properties of multi-phase nanocomposites can be improved by rationally optimizing the phase contents and provides new knowledge on designing high-performance nanocomposites.
Frequency capture phenomenon in tandem cylinders with different diameters undergoing flow-induced vibration
Authors: Fu Xuepeng , Fu Shixiao , Zhang Mengmeng , Han Zhaolong , Ren Haojie , Xu Yuwang , Zhao Bing
Published: July 2022

A frequency capture phenomenon in which the dominant response frequency of the downstream cylinder is the same as that of the upstream cylinder despite the differences in their physical characteristics was recently experimentally identified. The mechanism of this phenomenon is investigated by flow around two cylinders with unequal diameters undergoing flow-induced vibrations (FIV) using the open-source code OpenFOAM. Two FIV systems, a large stationary/vibrating upstream cylinder and vibrating downstream cylinder, are used for the simulation. The cylinders are free to vibrate in both the in-line and cross-flow directions. The forgetting factor least squares algorithm is applied for the time-varying excitation mechanism analysis. Simulation results show that the response of the downstream cylinder has a larger amplitude and contains multi-frequency components than the vortex-induced vibration of an isolated cylinder, making its trajectory more complicated. Simulations confirm that the frequency capture phenomenon is induced by the action of the upstream shedding vortex on the downstream cylinder. The energy transfers from vorticity to the structure when the frequency capture phenomenon occurs. The response of the downstream cylinder comprises a significant component of the vortex shedding frequency of the upstream cylinder.
Contact angle hysteresis and lateral adhesion strength on random rough surfaces
Authors: Song Qingrui , Liu Kun , Sun Wei , Jiao Yunlong , Wang Zhaochang , Liu Xiaojun , Ye Jiaxin
Published: July 2022

Based on the classical Robbins–Joanny model of contact angle hysteresis, a new dimensionless parameter (q0/q2) sensitive to roughness power spectrum is proposed to be linearly related to (1) contact angle hysteresis caused by roughness heterogeneity and (2) lateral adhesion strength of a sliding water bridge. Both hypotheses were validated using liquid bridge sliding experiments on random rough surfaces. q0/q2 qualitatively reflects the decay rate of any two points on the surface from mutually independent to correlated with diminishing separation distance.
C-terminal glutamine acts as a C-degron targeted by E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM7
Authors: Ru Yawei , Yan Xiaojie , Zhang Bing , Song Lili , Feng Qiqi , Ye Chen , Zhou Zhili , Yang Zhenzhen , Li Yao , Zhang Zhenjian , Li Qianqian , Mi Wenyi , Dong Cheng
Published: July 2022

The exposed N-terminal or C-terminal residues of proteins can act, in cognate sequence contexts, as degradation signals (degrons) that are targeted by specific E3 ubiquitin ligases for proteasome-dependent degradation byN-degron or C-degron pathways. Here, we discovered a distinct C-degron pathway, termed the Gln/C-degron pathway, in which the B30.2 domain of E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM7 (TRIM7B30.2) mediates the recognition of proteins bearing a C-terminal glutamine. By determining crystal structures of TRIM7B30.2in complexes with various peptides, we show that TRIM7B30.2forms a positively charged binding pocket to engage the “U”-shaped Gln/C-degron. The four C-terminal residues of a substrate play an important role in C-degron recognition, with C-terminal glutamine as the principal determinant. In vitro biochemical and cellular experiments were used to further analyze the substrate specificity and selective degradation of the Gln/C-degron by TRIM7.
Female sexual behavior is disrupted in a preclinical mouse model of PCOS via an attenuated hypothalamic nitric oxide pathway
Authors: Silva Mauro S. B. , Decoster Laurine , Trova Sara , Mimouni Nour E.H. , Delli Virginia , Chachlaki Konstantina , Yu Qiang , Boehm Ulrich , Prevot Vincent , Giacobini Paolo
Published: July 2022

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) frequently experience decreased sexual arousal, desire, and sexual satisfaction. While the hypothalamus is known to regulate sexual behavior, the specific neuronal pathways affected in patients with PCOS are not known. To dissect the underlying neural circuitry, we capitalized on a robust preclinical animal model that reliably recapitulates all cardinal PCOS features. We discovered that female mice prenatally treated with anti-Müllerian hormone (PAMH) display impaired sexual behavior and sexual partner preference over the reproductive age. Blunted female sexual behavior was associated with increased sexual rejection and independent of sex steroid hormone status. Structurally, sexual dysfunction was associated with a substantial loss of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-expressing neurons in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) and other areas of hypothalamic nuclei involved in social behaviors. Using in vivo chemogenetic manipulation, we show that nNOS
VMH
neurons are required for the display of normal sexual behavior in female mice and that pharmacological replenishment of nitric oxide restores normal sexual performance in PAMH mice. Our data provide a framework to investigate facets of hypothalamic nNOS neuron biology with implications for sexual disturbances in PCOS.
The reschematization of face in Chinese overseas students’ intercultural experience
Authors: Hou Min
Published: July 2022

There has been little longitudinal research on the relationship between how sojourners define their personal face and how this influences their use of the host language in intercultural settings. This study employs the Cultural Linguistic Perspective developed by Sharifian (2011,2017), using repeated episodic interviews to explore the process of reschematization of face among three Chinese overseas students in Australia. The students’ schemas of face gradually moved away from the Chinese ideals of sociality and indirectness towards Australian norms of individual autonomy and directness in both English use and social relationships. This study points to the need to examine the contribution of personal, situational, and cultural factors to this process.
Asymmetric two-dimensional electromagnetically induced grating controlled by a vortex field
Authors: Zhang Duo , Xia Hongming , Wang Ke , Li Yaqian , Sun Zhaoyu , Wang Mei
Published: July 2022

A new theoretical scheme for two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) is proposed in a three-level Ξ-type atomic system. The system is driven by a weak probe field and two position-dependent coupling fields—a 2D standing-wave field and a vortex field. Due to lopsided spatial modulation of the vortex Laguerre–Gaussian field, the weak probe light could be diffracted into different domains and asymmetric 2D EIG is formed. The result shows that the diffraction patterns and efficiency could be effectively modulated by the azimuthal parameter of the vortex field. Also, the system parameters such as the probe field detuning, the intensity of the vortex field, and the interaction length could be used to regulate the diffraction properties of the 2D EIG effectively. The scheme of asymmetric 2D EIG may have some potential application in all-optical information processing and the design of quantum devices.
Regulative control and enhancement of multi-color upconversion luminescence with DBR cavities
Authors: Luo Wen , Li Aihua , Wang Yuying , Xu Feng , Abudula Aibibula , Sun Zhijun
Published: July 2022

Upconversion luminescence (UCL) of lanthanide-doped materials (e.g. NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+) involves multi-step, multi-channel transitions (corresponding to multi-color emissions) in a multi-level system, and is a low-efficiency nonlinear process. Usually, the UCL is enhanced by local enhancement of the excited field or one of its multi-color emissions is promoted by matching with a resonance cavity mode based on Purcell effect. Here, we propose to regulatively control and enhance the UCL by fostering one color of the UCL emissions with a resonance mode and inhibiting the other with an anti-resonance or nonresonance mode in forbidden band in an optical cavity, so that excited-state ions (e.g. Er3+) transit to the ground state more via the fostered UCL emission channel, rather than the inhibited one. As such, high-contrast single-color UCL emission can be achieved with an enhancement beyond that of Purcell effect. For the purpose, superior mode properties of distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) cavities can be applied, whose forbidden band of the DBR layers and resonance cavity mode in the forbidden band can be independently tuned in positions to match with the UCL emissions for them to be inhibited and fostered respectively. In experimental implementation, multi-color UCL (e.g. red and green) of NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles embedded in such DBR cavities are studied. And high-contrast single-color UCL emissions are demonstrated with enhancements factors beyond Purcell factors calculated in numerical simulations. A hypothesis on modifications of intermediate transitions in the UCL processes, as feedbacks to influences of mode characteristics in the DBR cavities for regulative control, is also proposed to explain the phenomena. The work suggests a way to regulatively control multi-channel photon emissions in multi-level systems for enhanced single-channel photon emission.
Freezing in two-length-scale systems: complexity, universality and prediction
Authors: Ryltsev R E , Chtchelkatchev N M
Published: July 2022

Two-length-scale pair potentials arise ubiquitously in condensed matter theory as effective interparticle interactions in molecular, metallic and soft matter systems. The existence of two different bond lengths generated by the shape of potential causes complicated behavior in even one-component systems: polymorphism in solid and liquid states, water-like anomalies, the formation of quasicrystals and high stability against crystallization. Here we address general properties of freezing in one-component two-length-scale systems and argue that solidification of a liquid during cooling is essentially determined by the radial distribution function (RDF) of the liquid. We show that different two-length-scale systems having similar RDFs freeze into the same solid phases. In some cases, the similarity between RDFs can be expressed by the proximity of two dimensionless effective parameters: the ratio between effective bond lengths, λ, and the fraction of short-bonded particles φ. We validate this idea by studying the formation of different solid phases in different two-length-scale systems. The method proposed allows predicting effectively the formation of solid phases in both numerical simulations and self-assembling experiments in soft matter systems with tunable interactions.
Two-dimensional antiferromagnetic semiconductor T’-MoTeI from first principles
Authors: Zhang Michang , Li Fei , Ren Yulu , Hu Tengfei , Wan Wenhui , Liu Yong , Ge Yanfeng
Published: July 2022

Two-dimensional intrinsic antiferromagnetic semiconductors are expected to stand out in the spintronic field. The present work finds the monolayer T’-MoTeI is intrinsically an antiferromagnetic semiconductor by using first-principles calculation. Firstly, the dimerized distortion of the Mo atoms causes T’-MoTeI to have dynamic stability, which is different from the small imaginary frequency in the phonon spectrum of T-MoTeI. Secondly, T’-MoTeI is an indirect-bandgap semiconductor with 1.35 eV. Finally, in the systematic study of strain effects, there are significant changes in the electronic structure as well as the bandgap, but the antiferromagnetic ground state is not affected. Monte Carlo simulations predict that the Néel temperature of T’-MoTeI is 95 K. The results suggest that the monolayer T’-MoTeI can be a potential candidate for spintronics applications.
A circuit model for predicting the shielding effectiveness of cylindrical enclosure
Authors: Chen Kaibai , Gao Min , Liu Shaohua , Wang Yi , Zhou Xiaodong , Chen Tianyu
Published: July 2022

This paper presents a precise circuit model for predicting the shielding effectiveness (SE) and resonances of the cylindrical enclosure. In this model, the waveguide theory is combined with the Robinson model to deal with the influence of the high-order modes and the arbitrary position. The transmission line theory is applied to calculate the enclosure equipped with symmetric apertures or a dielectric layer. The results show that the proposed model can accurately calculate the orthogonal components of voltage response and predict the SE of the monitor point over a wide frequency range. Compared with traditional numerical methods, the proposed model costs less computing time and resources to operate because of employing analytical formulations. The effectiveness of this model is verified by the three-dimensional full-wave transmission line method.
Gravity-driven granular flows in pipes: teaching experimental skills in the context of granular flows
Authors: Williams Hollis
Published: July 2022

Granular flows appear frequently in the natural world and in civil engineering applications. These flows can exhibit features which are surprising and counter-intuitive and are often used to test the limits of the classical continuum approximation for modelling of fluid flows. An important sub-class of the granular flows are the gravity-driven granular flows, which include the granular column collapse and the flow of granular material down through a vertical pipe. In this article, quantitative analysis is performed of the flow using video analysis software. The utility and relevance of the experiment for development of experimental skills in physics students and modelling of unexpected phenomena is discussed.
Advances and potential of optical surface imaging in radiotherapy
Authors: Li Guang
Published: July 2022

This article reviews the recent advancements and future potential of optical surface imaging (OSI) in clinical applications as a four-dimensional (4D) imaging modality for surface-guided radiotherapy (SGRT), including OSI systems, clinical SGRT applications, and OSI-based clinical research. The OSI is a non-ionizing radiation imaging modality, offering real-time 3D surface imaging with a large field of view (FOV), suitable for in-room interactive patient setup, and real-time motion monitoring at any couch rotation during radiotherapy. So far, most clinical SGRT applications have focused on treating superficial breast cancer or deep-seated brain cancer in rigid anatomy, because the skin surface can serve as tumor surrogates in these two clinical scenarios, and the procedures for breast treatments in free-breathing (FB) or at deep-inspiration breath-hold (DIBH), and for cranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and radiotherapy (SRT) are well developed. When using the skin surface as a body-position surrogate, SGRT promises to replace the traditional tattoo/laser-based setup. However, this requires new SGRT procedures for all anatomical sites and new workflows from treatment simulation to delivery. SGRT studies in other anatomical sites have shown slightly higher accuracy and better performance than a tattoo/laser-based setup. In addition, radiographical image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) is still necessary, especially for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). To go beyond the external body surface and infer an internal tumor motion, recent studies have shown the clinical potential of OSI-based spirometry to measure dynamic tidal volume as a tumor motion surrogate, and Cherenkov surface imaging to guide and assess treatment delivery. As OSI provides complete datasets of body position, deformation, and motion, it offers an opportunity to replace fiducial-based optical tracking systems. After all, SGRT has great potential for further clinical applications. In this review, OSI technology, applications, and potential are discussed since its first introduction to radiotherapy in 2005, including technical characterization, different commercial systems, and major clinical applications, including conventional SGRT on top of tattoo/laser-based alignment and new SGRT techniques attempting to replace tattoo/laser-based setup. The clinical research for OSI-based tumor tracking is reviewed, including OSI-based spirometry and OSI-guided tumor tracking models. Ongoing clinical research has created more SGRT opportunities for clinical applications beyond the current scope.
Modeling and adaptive pseudo-inverse control for dielectric elastomer actuated motion control systems
Authors: Zhang Xiuyu , Guo Fu , Xu Hongzhi , Li Zhi , Shu Feng , Chen Xinkai
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we propose a neural network approximator-based proportional-derivative pseudo-inverse control scheme. The purpose is to precisely control a motion control platform actuated by a dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA). Our main contributions are as follows: (1) a new butterfly asymmetric shift Prandtl–Ishlinskii (BASPI) model that can describe the butterfly hysteresis behavior in a DEA; (2) the butterfly hysteresis pseudo-inverse compensation algorithm to effectively mitigate the butterfly hysteresis, instead of the explicit butterfly hysteresis inverse compensator. The algorithm searches for the practical control signal from the hysteresis temporary controller; (3) a DEA motion control platform is constructed. Finally, we conducted the open-loop and closed-loop experiments to verify the effectiveness of the proposed BASPI model and the proposed control scheme.
Linear stochastic thermodynamics
Authors: Forastiere Danilo , Rao Riccardo , Esposito Massimiliano
Published: July 2022

We study the thermodynamics of open systems weakly driven out-of-equilibrium by nonconservative and time-dependent forces using the linear regime of stochastic thermodynamics. We make use of conservation laws to identify the potential and nonconservative components of the forces. This allows us to formulate a unified near-equilibrium thermodynamics. For nonequilibrium steady states, we obtain an Onsager theory ensuring nonsingular response matrices that is consistent with phenomenological linear irreversible thermodynamics. For time-dependent driving protocols that do not produce nonconservative forces, we identify the equilibrium ensemble from which Green–Kubo relations are recovered. For arbitrary periodic drivings, the averaged entropy production (EP) is expressed as an independent sum over each driving frequency of non-negative contributions. These contributions are bilinear in the nonconservative and conservative forces and involve a novel generalized Onsager matrix that is symmetric. In the most general case of arbitrary time-dependent drivings, we advance a novel decomposition of the EP rate into two non-negative contributions—one solely due to nonconservative forces and the other solely due to deviation from the instantaneous steady-state—directly implying a minimum EP principle close to equilibrium. This setting reveals the geometric structure of near-equilibrium thermodynamics and generalizes previous approaches to cases with nonconservative forces.
A theoretical study of fragmentation dynamics of water dimer by proton impact
Authors: Wang Zhi-Ping , Xu Xue-Fen , Zhang Feng-Shou , Wang Xu
Published: July 2022

To investigate the collision processes of proton with the water dimer (H2O)2 at 50 eV, the time-dependent density functional theory coupled with molecular dynamics nonadiabatically is applied. Six specific collision orientations with various impact parameters are considered. The reaction channels, the mass distribution and the fragmentation mass spectrum are explored. Among all launched samples, the probability of the channel of non-charge transfer scattering and charge transfer scattering is about 80%, hinting that the probability of fragmentation is about 20%. The reaction channel of proton exchange process 2 is taken as an example to exhibit the detailed microscopic dynamics of the collision process by inspecting the positions, the respective distance, the number of loss of electrons and the evolution of the electron density. The study of the mass distribution and the fragmentation mass spectrum shows that among all possible fragments, the fragment with mass 36 has the highest relative abundance of 65%. The relative abundances of fragments with masses 1, 35, and 34 are 20%, 13%, and 1.5%, respectively. For the total electron capture cross section, the present calculations agree with the available measurements and calculations over the energy range from 50 eV to 12 keV.
Measurements of Majorana transition frequency shift in caesium atomic fountain clocks
Authors: Shi Jun-Ru , Wang Xin-Liang , Yang Fan , Bai Yang , Guan Yong , Fan Si-Chen , Liu Dan-Dan , Ruan Jun , Zhang Shou-Gang
Published: July 2022

The caesium atomic fountain clock is a primary frequency standard. During its operation, a Majorana transition frequency shift will occur once a magnetic field at some special locations along the atomic trajectory is singular. In this study, by developing a physical model, we analyzed the magnetic field requirements for atomic adiabatic transition and calculated the influence of the Majorana atomic transition on the atomic state via a quantum method. Based on the simulation results for the magnetic field in the fountain clock, we applied the Monte Carlo method to simulate the relationship between the Majorana transition frequency shift and the magnetic field at the entrance of the magnetic shielding, as well as the initial atomic population. Measurement of the Majorana transition frequency shift was realized by state-selecting asymmetrically populated atoms. The relationship between the Majorana transition frequency shift and the axial magnetic field at the entrance of the magnetic shielding was obtained. The measured results were essentially consistent with the calculated results. Thus, the magnetic field at the entrance of the magnetic shielding was configured, and the Majorana transition frequency shift of the fountain clock was calculated to be 4.57 × 10−18.
Atomistic insights into early stage corrosion of bcc Fe surfaces in oxygen dissolved liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE-O)
Authors: Zhou Ting , Gao Xing , Ma Zhiwei , Chang Hailong , Shen Tielong , Cui Minghuan , Wang Zhiguang
Published: July 2022

Classical molecular dynamics simulations with global neural network machine learning potential are used to study early stage oxidation and dissolution behaviors of bcc Fe surfaces contacting with stagnant oxygen dissolved liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE-O). Both static and dynamic simulation results indicate that the early stage oxidation and dissolution behaviors of bcc Fe show strong orientation dependence under the liquid LBE environments, which may explain the experimental observations of uneven interface between iron-based materials and liquid LBE. Our investigations show that it is the delicate balance between the oxide growth and metal dissolution that leads to the observed corrosion anisotropy for bcc Fe contacting with liquid LBE-O.
Molecule opacity study on low-lying states of CS
Authors: Li Rui , Sang Jiqun , Lin Xiaohe , Li Jianjun , Liang Guiying , Wu Yong
Published: July 2022

CS molecule, which plays a key role in atmospheric and astrophysical circumstances, has drawn great attention for long time. Owing to its large state density, the detailed information of the electronic structure of CS is still lacking. In this work, the high-level MRCI+Q method is used to compute the potential energy curves, dipole moments and transition dipole moments of singlet and triplet states correlated with the lowest dissociation limit of CS, based on which high accurate vibration–rotation levels and spectroscopic constants of bound states are evaluated. The opacity of CS relevant to atmospheric circumstance is computed at a pressure of 100 atms for different temperatures. With the increase of temperature, band systems from different transitions mingle with each other, and band boundaries become blurred, which are originated from the increased population on vibrational excited states and electronic excited states at high temperature.
To purchase or lease: Investigating the finance decision of plug-in electric vehicle owners in California
Authors: Hoogland Kelly , Chakraborty Debapriya , Hardman Scott
Published: July 2022

In this paper we explore the factors that influence plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) buyers’ decision to lease or purchase a PEV. We estimate a binary logistic regression model using survey data of 9,472 PEV owners in California, surveyed between 2015 and 2018. Several factors influencing the purchase versus lease decision are identified; battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are more likely to be leased over plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Results show a positive association between electric range and likelihood of purchasing BEVs, but a negative association for PHEVs. Sociodemographic factors such as living in a single-family home, homeownership, and having at home solar panels are associated with purchasing. An increase in the stated importance of high occupancy vehicle/carpool lane access is associated with the decision to lease, but an increase in state rebate importance is associated with the decision to purchase. The results highlight different factors that influence the decision to purchase or lease a PEV, both of which will be important strategies for growing the PEV market.
Diversity and novel mutations in membrane transporters ofMycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Khan Muhammad Tahir , Khan Taj Ali , Ahmad Irshad , Muhammad Shabbir , Wei Dong-Qing
Published: July 2022

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), encodes a family of membrane proteins belonging to Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division (RND) permeases also called multidrug resistance pumps. Mycobacterial membrane protein Large (MmpL) transporters represent a subclass of RND transporters known to participate in exporting of lipid components across the cell envelope. These proteins perform an essential role in MTB survival; however, there are no data regarding mutations in MmpL, polyketide synthase (PKS) and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase FadE proteins from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This study aimed to screen mutations in transmembrane transporter proteins including MmpL, PKS and Fad through whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in local isolates of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Fourteen samples were collected from TB patients and drug susceptibility testing was performed. However, only three samples were completely sequenced. Moreover, 209 whole-genome sequences of the same geography were also retrieved from NCBI GenBank to analyze the diversity of mutations in MmpL, PKS and Fad proteins. Among the 212 WGS (Accession ID: PRJNA629298, PRJNA629388, and ERR2510337-ERR2510345, ERR2510546-ERR2510645), numerous mutations in Fad (n = 756), PKS (n = 479), and MmpL (n = 306) have been detected. Some novel mutations were also detected in MmpL, PKS and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase Fad. Novel mutations including Asn576Ser in MmpL8, Val943Gly in MmpL9 and Asn145Asp have been detected in MmpL3. The presence of a large number of mutations in the MTB membrane may have functional consequences on proteins. However, further experimental studies are needed to elucidate the variants’ effect on MmpL, PKS and FadE functions.
An improved residual network using deep fusion for identifying RNA 5-methylcytosine sites
Authors: Li Xinjie , Zhang Shengli , Shi Hongyan
Published: July 2022

Motivation

5-Methylcytosine (m5C) is a crucial post-transcriptional modification. With the development of technology, it is widely found in various RNAs. Numerous studies have indicated that m5C plays an essential role in various activities of organisms, such as tRNA recognition, stabilization of RNA structure, RNA metabolism and so on. Traditional identification is costly and time-consuming by wet biological experiments. Therefore, computational models are commonly used to identify the m5C sites. Due to the vast computing advantages of deep learning, it is feasible to construct the predictive model through deep learning algorithms.

Results

In this study, we construct a model to identify m5C based on a deep fusion approach with an improved residual network. First, sequence features are extracted from the RNA sequences using Kmer, K-tuple nucleotide frequency component (KNFC), Pseudo dinucleotide composition (PseDNC) and Physical and chemical property (PCP). Kmer and KNFC extract information from a statistical point of view. PseDNC and PCP extract information from the physicochemical properties of RNA sequences. Then, two parts of information are fused with new features using bidirectional long- and short-term memory and attention mechanisms, respectively. Immediately after, the fused features are fed into the improved residual network for classification. Finally, 10-fold cross-validation and independent set testing are used to verify the credibility of the model. The results show that the accuracy reaches 91.87%, 95.55%, 92.27% and 95.60% on the training sets and independent test sets of Arabidopsis thaliana and M.musculus, respectively. This is a considerable improvement compared to previous studies and demonstrates the robust performance of our model.

Availability and implementation

The data and code related to the study are available at https://github.com/alivelxj/m5c-DFRESG.