bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRESERVACIÓN PAISAJÍSTICA EN LA INTERFASE NATURAL-URBANA DE CIUDADES TURÍSTICAS DE MONTAÑA, EN BARILOCHE, RÍO NEGRO, ARGENTINA Y LAGO TAHOE, CALIFORNIA, EEUU
Authors: Rodríguez Norberto Javier
Published: March 2023

During the last decades, the particular characteristics of the landscape have been analyzed in mixed areas such as rural-urban, here the wildland-urban interface areas are taken into account, foccusing on touristic mountain cities, their potentialsand conditioning factors, particularly due to the risks they entail. This article takes the doctoral thesis approved at FADU-UBA, the applied methodology combines Territorial Intelligence with Landscape Ecology, developing studies of satellite images, mapping and GIS processes, while combining different territorial scales, interviews and secondary sources. The southern zone of Lake Nahuel Huapi in Argentina was compared with the western zone of Lake Tahoe in the USA.

As a result it was possible to observe the different ways of dealing with the complexity of territorial planning, depending on whether the scientific information obtained or the political decision has been prioritized without taking into account academic studies. The comparative spreadsheets have considered, among other data, the NDVI index (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), from the EOS platform with its Land Viewer program. The work concludes with a decalogue of recommendations for planning in similar areas due to their geographical characteristics, and whose main economic activity is tourism due to its attractive landscape.

Keywords: Territorial planning; Turistic cities; wildland urban interface; landscape preservation; Bariloche.

Durante las últimas décadas, se han analizado las características particulares de paisaje en zonas mixtas como las rural-urbanas, aquí se investigan las zonas de interfase natural-urbana, diferenciando el caso de las ciudades turísticas de montaña, atendiendo a sus potencialidades y sus condicionantes, particularmente por los riesgos que conllevan. El artículo toma la tesis doctoral aprobada por FADU-UBA, la metodología aplicada combina la Inteligencia Territorial con la Ecología del Paisaje, desarrollando estudios de imágenes satelitales, mapeos y procesos de GIS combinando distintas escalas territoriales, entrevistas y fuentes secundarias. Se comparó la zona sur del lago Nahuel Huapi en Argentina, con la zona oeste del lago Tahoe en EEUU.

El resultado ha permitido observar las diferentes formas de afrontar la complejidad en la planificación territorial, según la priorización de la información científica o la decisión política sin priorizar los estudios académicos. En planillas comparativas se han considerado entre otros datos el índice NDVI (nivel de densidad de la vegetación por índices), en base a la plataforma EOS con su programa Land Viewer. Concluye el trabajo con un decálogo de recomendaciones para la planificación en zonas similares por sus características geográficas, cuya principal actividad económica sea el turismo apoyado en su paisaje atractor.
ADULTOS MAYORES RESILIENTES EN TERRITORIOS RESILIENTES: ÁREA METROPOLITANA DE GUADALAJARA, MÉXICO
Authors: Barranco Martín María del Carmen , Calonge Reillo Fernando
Published: March 2023

Urban spaces must be adapted to aging citizens’ needs, according to the 2030 Agenda, and the Decade of Healthy Aging. The concept of resilience has been very useful to elucidate such adaptation, as it has been employed to analyse the territorial resilience, and to unveil how aging populations come through diverse physical and cognitive impairments. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the interrelations between the territorial resilience and elderly persons resilience. This article contributes to such understanding, by resorting to desk research to measure the territorial resilience of the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara, Mexico, and through 18 in-depth interviews with senior citizens to calibrate how they adapt to physical and territorial alterations. Our results showed varying degrees of resilience. On the one hand, middle-class districts characterised by single-family developments led to many difficulties for aging populations. Such citizens were no longer autonomous and depended on relatives to meet their daily needs. On the other hand, mixed-land use areas in lower-class neighbourhoods were characterised as more resilient, and they allowed certain elderly persons to find nearby places to carry out their quotidian activities.

En el contexto de la Década del Envejecimiento Saludable 2021-2030, y de la Agenda 2030, se aconseja que las ciudades adecúen sus espacios a las necesidades de unas poblaciones cada vez más envejecidas. En el estudio de estas adecuaciones, ha sido de gran interés la propuesta de investigar al territorio y a los adultos mayores desde la perspectiva de la resiliencia. Ahora bien, son muy escasas las investigaciones que abordan conjuntamente las interacciones entre los distintos niveles de resiliencia del territorio y las respuestas resilientes de los adultos mayores. El objetivo de este artículo es indagar en dichas interacciones, en el caso del Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara México. La investigación documental nos ha permitido determinar los diferentes grados de resiliencia del territorio, y la realización de 18 entrevistas en profundidad nos ha permitido caracterizar las resiliencias de los sujetos. Los resultados nos muestran que los territorios monofuncionales y habitacionales de clase alta son los menos resilientes, y en ellos los adultos mayores ven comprometida su propia resiliencia, con amenaza de pérdida de su autonomía; por el contrario, territorios resilientes de usos mixtos, y de clases bajas, han permitido el ejercicio óptimo de la resiliencia a algunos habitantes mayores.
NIST time and frequency bulletin
Authors: Rodriguez Kelsey
Published: March 2023

The Time and Frequency Bulletin provides information on performance of time scales and a variety of broadcasts (and related information) to users of the NIST services.
Editorial
Authors: Solomon Margot
Published: March 2023

I value Foulkes' notion that we do not exist in isolation. Foulkes (1990) argues for the recognition that inner processes are not separate or independent from the context of the network of people in an individual's life. At the same time I am wary of trying to fit together that which cannot fit together. Matilda in Mister Pip (Jones, 2006) says, "Some areas of life are not meant to overlap" (p. 200). She is talking about the lack of fit between her love of the work of Dickens and her father, a Bougainvillian who had adapted himself to live in a white-man's world in Townsville. I often feel this lack of fit between Pākehā and Māori. If we want true connection between Māori and Pākehā, we must acknowledge differences; otherwise, we can fall into the trap of noticing only what confirms our cherished habitual ways of seeing and understanding our interpersonal world. We humans tend to simply not notice whatever might challenge our unconscious bias, like Simon and Garfunkel's boxer who "sees what he wants to see and disregards the rest."
Dialogues in coloured spaces
Authors: Lambrecht Ingo , Shaw Andrew
Published: March 2023

This paper discusses a specific group of men with enduring psychosis in an art therapy group. Relevant constructs concerning group work and art therapy in specific relation to psychosis are explored before describing the structure of the group. The discovery of certain relevant issues through creative and expressive means of drawing is highlighted by three case studies. In this manner, these men were able to dialogue their concerns in a symbolic manner, enhanced by music and explored in relation to their own narrative, illustrating a possible way of working with men with enduring psychosis.
Cut Calories, Lengthen Life Span? Randomized Trial Uncovers Evidence That Calorie Restriction Might Slow Aging, but Questions Remain
Authors: Rubin Rita
Published: March 2023

This Medical News article discusses a new analysis of CALERIE, a 2-year clinical trial of calorie restriction.
Assessment of Clinical Response to Anifrolumab in Patients With Refractory Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Shaw Katharina , Sanchez-Melendez Stephanie , Taylor Dustin , Barker Julia , LaChance Avery , Shahriari Neda , Vleugels Ruth Ann
Published: March 2023

This case series examines the efficacy of anifrolumab as a therapeutic option for patients with lupus erythematosus.
Association of Surgery With Frailty Status in Older Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Minami Christina A. , Jin Ginger , Freedman Rachel A. , Schonberg Mara A. , King Tari A. , Mittendorf Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2023

This cohort study examines associations between type of breast cancer surgery and changes in frailty status among US women aged 70 years or older with early-stage breast cancer.
Bilingual and Monolingual Language Modes
Authors: Grosjean François
Published: March 2023

Bilinguals change their way of communicating when they are with monolinguals and when they are with bilinguals who share their languages. While they avoid using their other language(s) with monolinguals, they may call upon it (or them) when interacting with bilinguals, either by changing over completely to the other language(s) or by bringing elements of the other language(s) into the language they are speaking. In other words, they change their language mode which, at the cognitive level, implies the change of the state of activation of their languages and language‐processing mechanisms. This entry describes language mode and its impact on language behavior, gives evidence for it, discusses various types of bilinguals affected by it, examines language mode as a confounding or control variable in research, and ends with a few words on models and what needs to be studied further.
Bilingualism and Age
Authors: Singleton David
Published: March 2023

This entry addresses three obvious issues that arise from any consideration of the topic of bilingualism and age. The first has to do with the relationship between maturational age and the characterization of bilingualism—the question of whether or not there is a clear empirical distinction between “early” and “late” bilingualism, relatable to a specific age; the second concerns the vexed question of whether maturational constraints—as the critical period claims—impede progress in bilinguals who begin their second language after their early years toward a very high (“native‐like”) degree of proficiency in both languages; and the third relates to the methodology of investigating maturational constraints, specifically examining the possible desirability of using the proficiency of early bilinguals rather than that of native speakers as the yardstick in the evaluation of the ultimate attainment of later L2 beginners.
Gesture Analysis in Second Language Acquisition
Authors: Gullberg Marianne
Published: March 2023

When we speak, we typically also gesture. Gestures are an integral part of language use in both production and comprehension. They are therefore also vital in second language (L2), foreign language (FL), and bilingualism studies since they can open new windows on cognitive processes, interaction practices, and learning. This entry discusses methods and tools for studying second language users' and bilinguals' gestures while they speak and also examining how they understand gestures around them. The entry outlines some basics concerning what to study and measure, tasks, participants, what to think about in preparing for data collection, transcription, coding, and analysis schemes.
Pragmatic Development in Study‐Abroad Contexts
Authors: Shively Rachel L.
Published: March 2023

Study abroad offers second language (L2) speakers the opportunity to employ the L2 in a wide range of settings, for various purposes, and with different interlocutors. Through participation in everyday activities that involve the L2, study‐abroad students can be exposed to the pragmatic practices of the host community which, in turn, can facilitate L2 pragmatic development. Therefore, study abroad would appear to be an ideal context for pragmatic development, and, indeed, many study‐abroad students do become more native‐like in pragmatics after a stay abroad. However, due to a variety of factors, there is considerable variability in pragmatics learning outcomes. This entry discusses the role of study abroad in pragmatic development, highlighting the aspects of pragmatics that tend to be learned and discussing variables that influence pragmatic development in study‐abroad contexts.
Observer‐based adaptive time‐varying group formation tracking control for nonlinear second‐order multi‐agent systems
Authors: Li Jiacheng , Xiao Bo , Han Tao , Yang Qingsheng , Yan Huaicheng
Published: March 2023

In this article, observer‐based adaptive control of time‐varying group formation tracking (TVGFT) problem for nonlinear second‐order multi‐agent systems is discussed. Follower agents are divided into multiple groups and all agents communicate with each other to exist the spanning tree. The followers of different groups follow the corresponding leaders to accomplish different tasks. The design of the control protocol is based on the observation of agents and the communication between the agents. Sufficient conditions for achieving TVGFT are obtained by solving Riccati inequality. Finally, it is demonstrated from simulation experiments that the TVGFT can be achieved by utilizing the designed control protocol.
Spider‐Inspired, Fully 3D‐Printed Micro‐Hydraulics for Tiny, Soft Robotics
Authors: Smith Gabriel L. , Tyler Joshua B. , Lazarus Nathan , Tsang Harvey , Viornery Luis , Shultz Jeffrey , Bergbreiter Sarah
Published: March 2023

Many arachnids use internal hemolymph pressure to actuate extension in their leg joints. The inherent large foot displacement‐to‐body length ratio that arachnids can achieve through hydraulics relative to muscle‐based actuators is both energy and volumetrically efficient. Until recent advances in nano/microscale 3D printing with two‐photon polymerization (2PP), the physical realization of synthetic complex ‘soft’ joints would have been impossible to replicate and fill with a hydraulic fluid into a sealed sub‐millimeter system. Inspired by nature, the smallest scale 3D‐printed hydraulic actuator (4.9 × 10−4 mm3) by more than an order of magnitude is demonstrated. The use of stiff 2PP polymers with micron‐scale dimensions enable compliant membranes similar to exoskeletons seen in nature without the requirement for low‐modulus materials. The bio‐inspired system is designed to mimic similar hydraulic pressure‐activated mechanisms in arachnid joints utilized for large displacement motions relative to body length. Using variations on this actuator design, the ability to transmit forces with relatively large magnitudes (milliNewtons) in 3D space is demonstrated, as well as the ability to direct motion that is useful towards microrobotics and medical applications. Microscale hydraulic actuation provides a promising approach toward the transmission of large forces and 3D motions at small scales, previously unattainable in wafer‐level 2D microelecromechanical systems (MEMS).
Deterministic Fabrication of Twisted Van Der Waals Structures
Authors: Zhang Yan , Lee Yangjin , Zhang Weifeng , Song Dekui , Lee Kihyun , Zhao Yan , Hao He , Zhao Zihan , Wang Shiyu , Kim Kwanpyo , Liu Nan
Published: March 2023

In 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials, rotational misalignment by a twist angle between adjacent layers can significantly affect their properties, referred as twistronics. Accurate tuning of twist angle of vdW materials in a controllable and efficient way is highly required. Here a thin‐film assisted transfer (TAT) technique that can controllably fabricate vdW structures with deterministic twist angles (accuracy of 0.37°) is developed. The transparent and ultrathin film as transfer medium ensures the visible and intact manipulation of monolayer building blocks, thus constructing vdW architectures with multi‐materials and designated position. Multilayer homo‐/hetero‐architectures in the geometry of series connection, spiral structure and chiral symmetry at deterministic twist angles are for the first time demonstrated. They can be located on various substrates for both structural analysis and device application. The capability of fabricating twisted homo‐/hetero‐ vdW structures in a deterministic, high‐throughput manner will serve as a powerful tool for twistronics.
Surface Defect Engineering in Colored TiO2 Hollow Spheres Toward Efficient Photocatalysis
Authors: Liccardo Letizia , Bordin Matteo , Sheverdyaeva Polina M. , Belli Matteo , Moras Paolo , Vomiero Alberto , Moretti Elisa
Published: March 2023

Nanostructured TiO2 is one of the best materials for photocatalysis, thanks to its high surface area and surface reactivity, but its large energy bandgap (3.2 eV) hinders the use of the entire solar spectrum. Here, it is proposed that defect‐engineered nanostructured TiO2 photocatalysts are obtained by hydrogenation strategy to extend its light absorption up to the near‐infrared region. It is demonstrated that hydrogenated or colored TiO2 hollow spheres (THS) composed of hierarchically assembled nanoparticles result in much broader exploitation of the solar spectrum (up to 1200 nm) and the engineered surface enhances the photogeneration of charges for photocatalytic processes. In turn, when applied for photodegradation of a targeted drug (Ciprofloxacin) this results in 82% degradation after 6 h under simulated sunlight. Valence band analysis by photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the presence of oxygen vacancies, whose surface density increases with the hydrogenation rate. Thus, a tight correlation between degree of hydrogenation and photocatalytic activity is directly established. Further insight comes from electron paramagnetic resonance, which evidences bulk Ti3+ centers only in hydrogenated THS. The results are anticipated to disclose a new path toward highly efficient photocatalytic titania in a series of applications targeting water remediation and solar fuel production.
Large‐Area Freestanding Bi2S3 Nanofibrous Membranes for Fast Photoresponse Flexible IR Imaging Photodetector
Authors: Rong Ping , Gao Shiyong , Ren Shuai , Lu Huiqing , Yan Jun , Li Lin , Zhang Mingyi , Han Yajie , Jiao Shujie , Wang Jinzhong
Published: March 2023

Films with excellent flexibility and mechanical stability are important for flexible and wearable devices. However, most films reported are prepared on substrates, and the synthesis of freestanding flexible films remains a challenge. Herein, a freestanding Bi2S3 nanofibrous membrane (NFM) is successfully prepared via a one‐step hydrothermal method, which is self‐assembled from ultralong Bi2S3 nanowires (NWs) over a length of millimeter‐scale crisscrossing each other. Significantly, the Bi2S3 NFM can be bent or clipped into an arbitrarily desired form. Based on the freestanding Bi2S3 NFM, an IR photodetector is fabricated, depicting a robust responsivity of 2.23 (2.06) µA W−1 under 850 (940) nm illumination. The Bi2S3 NFM photodetector exhibits a relatively fast response time (47.1 ms), which is attributed to high‐speed carrier transport efficiency in the NWs network. Under the bending states, the device still exhibits excellent detection performance, maintaining more than 86% of the initial photocurrent even after 1000 bending‐flattening times. The robust photoresponse of the Bi2S3 NFM photodetector after 2 months of storage in air and after 1 week in the bending state illustrates its excellent air stability and flexible detection ability. Besides, the photodetector can clearly identify the target image, indicating widespread potential applications in flexible and wearable fields.
High‐Efficiency All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells Based on New Molecule Donors with Conjugated Symmetric/Asymmetric Hybrid Cyclopentyl‐Hexyl Side Chains
Authors: Wang Xunchang , Li Zhiya , Zheng Xufan , Xiao Cong , Hu Tianyu , Liao Yuchen , Yang Renqiang
Published: March 2023

All small molecule organic solar cells (ASM‐OSCs) have numerous advantages but lower power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) than their polymer equivalents, which is largely due to the suboptimal nanoscale network structure in a bulk heterojunction (BHJ). Herein, new small molecule donors with symmetric/asymmetric hybrid cyclopentyl‐hexyl side chains are designed, accounting for manipulated intermolecular interactions and BHJ morphology. Theoretical and experimental results reveal that the asymmetric cyclopentyl‐hexyl side chains modification has a significant influence on potential energy surface and intermolecular interaction that can ensure preferable molecular assembly and regulate the D/A interfacial energetics, thus boosting the exciton dissociation and charge transport when pairing with a wide‐used acceptor L8‐BO. Concurrently, a nanoscale bicontinuous interpenetrating network with optimal domain size can be fully evolved in the BHJ layer. As a consequence, the As‐TCp‐based binary device achieves a superior PCE of 16.46% in comparison to that of the controlled symmetric counterparts S‐BF (14.92%) and A‐TCp (15.77%), and ranks one of best performance among ASM‐OSCs. This study demonstrates that precise manipulation of the cyclo‐alkyl chain in combination with the asymmetric 2D side chain strategy is an effective synergistic approach to control intermolecular interaction and nanoscale bicontinuous phase separation for achieving high‐performance ASM‐OSCs.
Lysine‐Based Ionic Liquid Enables Peptides to Reverse Skin Photoaging: From Leaves to Roots
Authors: Liu Tianqi , Zhang Dilong , Pan Zhihao , Yang Huang , Ruan Bo , Bo Yiyang , Xie Lin , Wang Zhenyuan , Zhang Jiaheng
Published: March 2023

Peptides and proteins are pharmacologically active and highly safe; however, their local delivery remains a challenge in the field of drug delivery. Based on this, a novel lysine‐based ionic liquid via proton transfer between lysine and malic acid that can overcome the difficulties in the application of copper peptides is developed. Density functional theory, molecular docking simulations, and experimental validation demonstrate the chemical stability of this ionic liquid. Furthermore, by combining it with a vegetable oil system, a biocompatible lysine‐based ionic liquid microemulsion system is constructed, which perfectly combines the high viscosity of ionic liquids and low viscosity of microemulsions. Multi‐dimensional analysis shows that the system not only leads to a dramatic elevation in the local penetration of copper peptides, but also enables copper peptides to effectively suppress skin aging. In addition, transcriptome sequencing analysis reveals that the system primarily regulates p53, p16, and ECM‐related signaling pathways to combat photoaging in the skin. Overall, a noninvasive, efficient, and convenient anti‐aging system with enormous potential is developed for the clinical prevention and treatment of skin photoaging.
Superelastic and Ultralight Aerogel Assembled from Hemp Microfibers
Authors: Zhu Jiaying , Zhu Yeling , Ye Yuhang , Qiu Zhe , Zhang Yifan , Yu Zhengyang , Sun Xia , Bressler David C. , Jiang Feng
Published: March 2023

Aerogels with both high elastic strain and fast shape recovery after compression have broad application potentials as thermal regulation, absorbents, and electrical devices. However, creating such aerogels from cellulosic materials requires complicated preparation processes. Herein, a simple strategy for scalable production of hemp microfibers using a top‐down method is reported, which can further be assembled into aerogels with interconnected porous structures via ice‐templating technique. With density as low as 2.1 mg cm−3, these aerogels demonstrate isotropic superelasticity, as exhibited by their fast shape restoration from over 80% compressive strain. Due to the high porosity (99.87%) and structural tortuosity, these aerogels show a low thermal conductivity of 0.0215 ± 0.0002 W m−1 K−1, suggesting their potential in thermal insulation application. Certain hydrophobic modification using silane derivative further endows these aerogels with reduced water affinity. Overall, the proposed strategy to prepare bio‐based microfibers using scalable technology, as well as the assembled aerogels, provides new insights into the design and fabrication of multifunctional bio‐based aerogels for value‐added applications.
A Gd‐Film Thermomagnetic Generator in Resonant Self‐Actuation Mode
Authors: Joseph Joel , Fontana Erika , Devillers Thibaut , Dempsey Nora M. , Kohl Manfred
Published: March 2023

Thermomagnetic generation is a promising technology for conversion of low‐grade waste heat into electricity. Key requirements for the development of efficient thermomagnetic generators (TMGs) are tailored thermomagnetic materials as well as innovative designs enabling fast heat transfer. Recently, film‐based thermomagnetic generators are developed that operate in the mode of resonant self‐actuation enabling high frequency and stroke of a movable cantilever and, thus, efficient conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy. Here, the performance of a Gadolinium (Gd)‐film‐based TMG that is optimized for resonant self‐actuation near room temperature is reported. The Gd‐film TMG exhibits large oscillation frequencies up to 106 Hz and large strokes up to 2 mm corresponding to 38% of the oscillating cantilever's length. This performance occurs in a sharply bound range of ambient temperatures with an upper limit near the film's ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition temperature Tc of 20 °C and of heat source temperatures ranging between 40 and 75 °C. The maximum power per footprint is 23.8 µWcm−2, at which the Gd film undergoes a temperature change of only 0.9 °C at ≈10 °C above Tc.
An Edible Rechargeable Battery
Authors: Ilic Ivan K. , Galli Valerio , Lamanna Leonardo , Cataldi Pietro , Pasquale Lea , Annese Valerio F. , Athanassiou Athanassia , Caironi Mario
Published: March 2023

Edible electronics is a growing field that aims to produce digestible devices using only food ingredients and additives, thus addressing many of the shortcomings of ingestible electronic devices. Edible electronic devices will have major implications for gastrointestinal tract monitoring, therapeutics, as well as rapid food quality monitoring. Recent research has demonstrated the feasibility of edible circuits and sensors, but to realize fully edible electronic devices edible power sources are required, of which there have been very few examples. Drawing inspiration from living organisms, which use redox cofactors to power biochemical machines, a rechargeable edible battery formed from materials eaten in everyday life is developed. The battery is realized by immobilizing riboflavin and quercetin, common food ingredients and dietary supplements, on activated carbon, a widespread food additive. Riboflavin is used as the anode, while quercetin is used as the cathode. By encapsulating the electrodes in beeswax, a fully edible battery is fabricated capable of supplying power to small electronic devices. The proof‐of‐concept battery cell operated at 0.65 V, sustaining a current of 48 µA for 12 min. The presented proof‐of‐concept will open the doors to new edible electronic applications, enabling safer and easier medical diagnostics, treatments, and unexplored ways to monitor food quality.
Wide‐Humidity Range Applicable, Anti‐Freezing, and Healable Zwitterionic Hydrogels for Ion‐Leakage‐Free Iontronic Sensors
Authors: Zhao Yiqian , Yang Na , Chu Xu , Sun Fuchang , Ali Muhammad Umair , Zhang Yuan , Yang Biao , Cai Yulu , Liu Manyu , Gasparini Nicola , Zheng Jiaxin , Zhang Chaohong , Guo Chuanfei , Meng Hong
Published: March 2023

Hydrogels have entered the spotlight for applications in soft electronics. It is essential and challenging to obtain hydrogels that can function properly under varying environmental circumstances, that is, 30–90% relative humidity (RH) and −20 to 40 °C due to their intrinsic nature to lose and absorb water upon variations in humidity and temperature. In this work, a green solvent, solketal, is introduced into poly 3‐dimethyl‐2‐(2‐methylprop‐2‐enoyloxy)ethyl azaniumyl propane‐1‐sulfonate (poly(DMAPS)) zwitterionic hydrogels. Compared to glycerol, solketal endows hydrogels with greater possibility for further modification as well as improved water content and mechanical performance consistency over 30–90% RH. Encouragingly, the optimized hydrogel demonstrates its unique merits as a dielectric layer in iontronic sensors, featuring non‐leaky ions, high sensitivity (1100 kPa−1), wide humidity, and temperature range applicability. A wide‐humidity range healable and stretchable electrode is attained by combining the hydrogel substrate with Ag paste. A full‐device healable and highly‐sensitive sensor is developed. This study is a pioneering work that tackles the broad humidity range applicability issue of hydrogels, and demonstrates the ion‐leakage‐free ionic skins with zwitterionic dielectrics. The outcomes of the study will considerably promote advancements in the fields of hydrogel electronics and iontronic sensors.
Selective CO2 Electroreduction from Tuneable Naphthalene‐Based Porous Polyimide Networks
Authors: Narzary Basiram Brahma , Baker Benjamin C. , Faul Charl F. J.
Published: March 2023

A series of porous polyimides (pPIs) are synthesized, and their surface areas and pore sizes are optimized by the previously reported Bristol–X'an‐Jiatong (BXJ) approach. How this approach can be used to tune and optimize the porous network properties to target and tune their ability to capture CO2 is demonstrated. Once optimized, these porous organic frameworks are utilized, for the first time, as electrocatalysts for the conversion of CO2. The excellent Faradaic efficiencies (FEs) for the conversion of CO2 to formate (91%) and methanol (85%) present exciting opportunities for the metal‐free generation of useful fuels and feedstocks from CO2. In addition, the ability to directly address and select the conversion products through tuning of the porous materials’ properties highlights the potential of this approach, and more generally for a wide range of organic frameworks as future metal‐free CO2 reduction catalysts.
Lithium‐Induced Optimization Mechanism for an Ultrathin‐Strut Biodegradable Zn‐Based Vascular Scaffold
Authors: Yang Hongtao , Jin Dawei , Rao Jiancun , Shi Jiahui , Li Guannan , Wang Cheng , Yan Kai , Bai Jing , Bao Guo , Yin Meng , Zheng Yufeng
Published: March 2023

To reduce incidences of in‐stent restenosis and thrombosis, the use of a thinner‐strut stent has been clinically proven to be effective. Therefore, the contemporary trend is toward the use of ultrathin‐strut (≤70 µm) designs for durable stents. However, stents made from biodegradable platforms have failed to achieve intergenerational breakthroughs due to their excessively thick struts. Here, microalloying is used to create an ultrathin‐strut (65 µm) zinc (Zn) scaffold with modified biodegradation behavior and improved biofunction, by adding lithium (Li). The scaffold backbone consists of an ultrafine‐grained Zn matrix (average grain diameter 2.28 µm) with uniformly distributed nanoscale Li‐containing phases. Grain refinement and precipitation strengthening enable it to achieve twice the radial strength with only 40% of the strut thickness of the pure Zn scaffold. Adding Li alters the thermodynamic formation pathways of products during scaffold biodegradation, creating an alkaline microenvironment. Li2CO3 may actively stabilize this microenvironment due to its higher solubility and better buffering capability than Zn products. The co‐release of ionic zinc and lithium enhances the beneficial differential effects on activities of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, resulting in good endothelialization and limited intimal hyperplasia in porcine coronary arteries. The findings here may break the predicament of the next‐generation biodegradable scaffolds.
Molecule‐Electrode Interfaces Controlled by Bulky Long‐Legged Ligands in Organometallic Molecular Wires
Authors: Tanaka Yuya , Bae Yeana , Ogasawara Fumiya , Suzuki Keita , Kobayashi Shuji , Kaneko Satoshi , Fujii Shintaro , Nishino Tomoaki , Akita Munetaka
Published: March 2023

Precise control of molecule‐electrode interface is essential for molecular devices. Herein, new ruthenium acetylide molecular wires with long‐legged phosphine ligands to form a sterically controlled molecule‐electrode interface are designed. The sharpened Raman signals ascribed to acetylene stretching are observed for the self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the molecular wires with the biphenyl‐ (2Au) and tert‐butylbiphenyl‐substituted long‐legged dppe‐type ligands (3Au), suggesting that steric hindrance causes formation of uniform SAMs. Scanning tunneling microscope break‐junction (STM‐BJ) study of 3Au reveals narrow conductance features compared with those of 1Au bearing the parent dppe ligands, indicating formation of a uniform molecular junction. Furthermore, the effective electronic interactions between the molecule and electrodes are unique to the long‐legged derivatives, as revealed by the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering study. Thus, the bulky long‐legged strategy turns out to provide a design concept for a well‐defined molecule‐electrode interface.
Variability in Resistive Memories
Authors: Roldán Juan B. , Miranda Enrique , Maldonado David , Mikhaylov Alexey N. , Agudov Nikolay V. , Dubkov Alexander A. , Koryazhkina Maria N. , González Mireia B. , Villena Marco A. , Poblador Samuel , Saludes-Tapia Mercedes , Picos Rodrigo , Jiménez-Molinos Francisco , Stavrinides Stavros G. , Salvador Emili , Alonso Francisco J. , Campabadal Francesca , Spagnolo Bernardo , Lanza Mario , Chua Leon O.
Published: March 2023

Resistive memories are outstanding electron devices that have displayed a large potential in a plethora of applications such as nonvolatile data storage, neuromorphic computing, hardware cryptography, etc. Their fabrication control and performance have been notably improved in the last few years to cope with the requirements of massive industrial production. However, the most important hurdle to progress in their development is the so‐called cycle‐to‐cycle variability, which is inherently rooted in the resistive switching mechanism behind the operational principle of these devices. In order to achieve the whole picture, variability must be assessed from different viewpoints going from the experimental characterization to the adequation of modeling and simulation techniques. Herein, special emphasis is put on the modeling part because the accurate representation of the phenomenon is critical for circuit designers. In this respect, a number of approaches are used to the date: stochastic, behavioral, mesoscopic..., each of them covering particular aspects of the electron and ion transport mechanisms occurring within the switching material. These subjects are dealt with in this review, with the aim of presenting the most recent advancements in the treatment of variability in resistive memories.
An investigation of the etiology and follow‐up findings in 35 children with overgrowth syndromes, including biallelic SUZ12 variant
Authors: Yüksel Ülker Aylin , Uludağ Alkaya Dilek , Çağlayan Ahmet Okay , Usluer Esra , Aykut Ayça , Aslanger Ayça , Vural Mehmet , Tüysüz Beyhan
Published: March 2023

Overgrowth‐intellectual disability (OGID) syndromes are clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the molecular etiology and long‐term follow‐up findings of Turkish OGID cohort. Thirty‐five children with OGID were included in the study. Single gene sequencing, clinical exome analysis, chromosomal microarray analysis and whole exome sequencing were performed. Five pathogenic copy number variants were detected in the patients; three of them located on chromosome 5q35.2 (encompassing NSD1), others on 9q22.3 and 22q13.31. In 19 of 35 patients; we identified pathogenic variants in OGID genes associated with epigenetic regulation, NSD1 (n = 15), HIST1H1E (n = 1), SETD1B (n = 1), and SUZ12 (n = 2). The pathogenic variants in PIK3CA (n = 2), ABCC9 (n = 1), GPC4 (n = 2), FIBP (n = 1), and TMEM94 (n = 1) which had a role in other growth pathways were detected in seven patients. The diagnostic yield was 31/35(88%). Twelve pathogenic variants were novel. The common facial feature of the patients was prominent forehead. The patients with Sotos syndrome were observed to have milder intellectual disability than patients with other OGID syndromes. In conclusion, this study showed, for the first time, that biallelic variants of SUZ12 caused Imagawa‐Matsumoto syndrome, monoallelic variants in SETDIB resulted in OGID. Besides expanded the phenotypes of very rare OGID syndromes caused by FIBP and TMEM94.
Incidental detection of malignancy on point‐of‐care renal ultrasound: A case series
Authors: Adorno Kristen , Martin Courtney , Blatcher Caroline , Smith Stephanie , Cassidy‐Smith Tara , Sodhi Sarab
Published: March 2023

Renal point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) is an increasingly common initial imaging modality in the diagnostic workup of renal colic. The primary use of renal POCUS is to assess for hydronephrosis; however, other significant findings suggestive of malignancy can also be identified. We present three cases of unexpected findings identified initially on POCUS in the emergency department, which subsequently led to new diagnoses of malignancy. As renal POCUS becomes more frequently used in clinical practice, physicians must be able to recognise abnormal images that indicate possible malignancy and the need for further workup.
Blood‐brain barrier integrity impacts the use of plasma amyloid‐β as a proxy of brain amyloid‐β pathology
Authors: Bellaver Bruna , Puig‐Pijoan Albert , Ferrari‐Souza João Pedro , Leffa Douglas T. , Lussier Firoza Z. , Ferreira Pamela C. L. , Tissot Cécile , Povala Guilherme , Therriault Joseph , Benedet Andréa L. , Ashton Nicholas J. , Servaes Stijn , Chamoun Mira , Stevenson Jenna , Rahmouni Nesrine , Vermeiren Marie , Macedo Arthur C. , Fernández‐Lebrero Aida , García‐Escobar Greta , Navalpotro‐Gómez Irene , Lopez Oscar , Tudorascu Dana L. , Cohen Ann , Villemagne Victor L. , Klunk William E. , Gauthier Serge , Zimmer Eduardo R. , Karikari Thomas K. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Suárez‐Calvet Marc , Rosa‐Neto Pedro , Pascoal Tharick A.
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION

Amyloid‐β (Aβ) and tau can be quantified in blood. However, biological factors can influence the levels of brain‐derived proteins in the blood. The blood‐brain barrier (BBB) regulates protein transport between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. BBB altered permeability might affect the relationship between brain and blood biomarkers.

METHODS

We assessed 224 participants in research (TRIAD, n = 96) and clinical (BIODEGMAR, n = 128) cohorts with plasma and CSF/positron emission tomography Aβ, p‐tau, and albumin measures.

RESULTS

Plasma Aβ42/40 better identified CSF Aβ42/40 and Aβ‐PET positivity in individuals with high BBB permeability. An interaction between plasma Aβ42/40 and BBB permeability on CSF Aβ42/40 was observed. Voxel‐wise models estimated that the association of positron emission tomography (PET), with plasma Aβ was most affected by BBB permeability in AD‐related brain regions. BBB permeability did not significantly impact the relationship between brain and plasma p‐tau levels.

DISCUSSION

These findings suggest that BBB integrity may influence the performance of plasma Aβ, but not p‐tau, biomarkers in research and clinical settings.

HIGHLIGHTS

BBB permeability affects the association between brain and plasma Aβ levels.

BBB integrity does not affect the association between brain and plasma p‐tau levels.

Plasma Aβ was most affected by BBB permeability in AD‐related brain regions.

BBB permeability increases with age but not according to cognitive status.
Mechanically Activated Solid‐State Radical Polymerization and Cross‐Linking via Piezocatalysis
Authors: Nothling Mitchell D. , Daniels John E. , Vo Yen , Johan Ivan , Stenzel Martina H.
Published: March 2023

Piezocatalysis offers a means to transduce mechanical energy into chemical potential, harnessing physical force to drive redox reactions. Working in the solid state, we show here that piezoelectric BaTiO3 nanoparticles can transduce mechanical load into a flux of reactive radical species capable of initiating solid state free radical polymerization. Activation of a BaTiO3 powder by ball milling, striking with a hammer, or repeated compressive loading generates highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH), which readily initiate radical chain growth and crosslinking of solid acrylamide, acrylate, methacrylate and styrenic monomers. Control experiments indicate a critical role for chemisorbed water on the BaTiO3 nanoparticle surface, which is oxidized to ⋅OH via mechanoredox catalysis. The force‐induced production of radicals by compressing dry piezoelectric materials represents a promising new route to harness mechanical energy for solid state radical synthesis.
Understanding the Synthesis Kinetics of Single‐Crystal Co‐Free Ni‐Rich Cathodes
Authors: Liu Jingjie , Yuan Yifei , Zheng Jianhui , Wang Liguang , Ji Jie , Zhang Qing , Yang Lin , Bai Zhengyu , Lu Jun
Published: March 2023

Non‐equilibrium kinetic intermediates are usually preferentially generated instead of thermodynamic stable phases in the solid‐state synthesis of layered oxides. Understanding the inherent complexity between thermodynamics and kinetics is important for designing high cationic ordering cathodes. Single‐crystal strategy is an effective way to solve the intrinsic chemo‐mechanical problems of Ni‐rich cathodes. However, the synthesis of high‐performance single‐crystal is very challenging. Herein, the kinetic reaction path and the formation mechanism of non‐equilibrium intermediates in the synthesis of single‐crystal Co‐free Ni‐rich were explored. We demonstrate that the formation of non‐equilibrium intermediate and the electrochemical‐thermo‐mechanical failure can be effectively inhibited by driving low‐temperature topotactic lithiation. This work provides a basis for designing high‐performance single‐crystal Ni‐rich layered oxides by regulating the defective structures.
Synthesis and application of polyethyleneimine and polyethylene glycol grafted on CoFe2O4/single‐walled carbon nanotubes as a delivery platform for silibinin: Loading experiments, modeling, and in‐vitro release studies
Authors: Shokri Mohanna , Miralinaghi Mahsasadat , Moniri Elham , Jafariazar Zahra
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize a nanohybrid, CoFe2O4/single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) grafted with polyethyleneimine and polyethylene glycol (CoFe2O4/SWCNT–PEI–PEG), for loading silibinin (SB) as an anti‐cancer natural agent to form a drug delivery platform with magnetic targeting capability and pH‐responsive release. The characteristics of the prepared nanocomposite were analyzed by different characterization techniques, confirming a well‐magnetic porous structure consisting of rich amine and hydroxyl functional groups of PEI and PEG, respectively, and CoFe2O4 aggregates on the wire‐like SWCNT wrapped by the polymer. Through the adsorption process, the SB loading was accomplished. The highest adsorption capacity of CoFe2O4/SWCNT–PEI–PEG for SBN was 74.8 mg g−1 with 10 mg of the nanocomposite attained at pH 7 and a solution temperature of 328 K. The experimental data were accurately predicted by the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo‐first‐order kinetic models. The release rate from SB loaded CoFe2O4/SWCNT–PEI–PEG was enhanced to 76% at pH 5.6 compared to pH 7.4 which was 45%, demonstrating that the acidic medium may relatively improve drug release. The SB release kinetic data obeyed the Peppas–Sahlin model. Our results demonstrated the potential of the hybrid nanocarrier as a vehicle for solubilizing and delivering SB to specific sites.
Enhancement of interfacial properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide resin by sulfur treatment
Authors: Yang Shulei , Lu Yonggen , Zhang Chenyang , Yang Luotang , Xu Meng
Published: March 2023

The properties of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced thermoplastic resin composites depend on the physical and chemical interaction between the fibers and the resins. However, surface oxidation is not always necessary. In this study, the interaction between CF and Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is enhanced by using an emulsion of reactive sulfur to treat the CF surface. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of CF/PPS composites is experimentally investigated and found to be up to 79.7 MPa, an increase of 36.1% compared to the untreated CF. The enhancement mechanism of the modification method established is inferred. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that sulfur etching on the surface of CF generated new functional groups, which improved the interfacial effect, and tightened the bond between CF and PPS. This indicates that sulfur treatment along with sizing must be a simpler method than surface oxidation to promote the interfacial bonding between CF and PPS.
Self‐healing polyacrylate coatings with dynamic H‐bonds between urea groups
Authors: Mottoul Marie , Giljean Sylvain , Pac Marie‐José , Landry Véronic , Morin Jean‐François
Published: March 2023

Adding self‐healing properties to coatings is a promising way to increase their lifetime. Despite an increasing popularity, lots of self‐healing polymers are not suited for commercial coatings because they exhibit poor mechanical properties or require expensive products or high healing temperature (> 100°C). One way to obtain self‐healing abilities with good mechanical properties is by using dynamic H‐bonds as they also limit the healing temperature. To do so, urea groups are used since they are well‐known for their bonding capacity and can be readily synthesized. In this study, several methacrylate monomers containing urea groups in their side‐chain were synthesized from easily accessible amines and isocyanates in a one‐step, high‐yield synthesis. They were afterwards used in a copolymer containing methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate monomers. The self‐healing properties of the resulting coatings were evaluated with gloss recovery and optical microscopy and the presence of H‐bonds in the most promising polymer was investigated with FTIR. The mechanical properties of the coatings as a function of time were checked by nanoindentation creep test. We were able to obtain an affordable, easily prepared polymer that suits the requirements for protective coating applications and shows a complete healing after heating at 75°C for 1 h.
Liquefied‐chitin polyurethane foam construction of high‐efficiency solar evaporator for seawater purification
Authors: Wan Lihong , Yan Sitong , Fang Lin , Wang Zhifen , Zhang Yucang
Published: March 2023

As key platforms for efficient photothermal conversion and water evaporation in solar water desalination processes, the design of photothermal interface materials have become an important topic. In this study, we designed an interfacial solar evaporator with liquefied‐chitin PU foams as the base material. In this structure, polyaniline and polypyrrole convert solar energy in thermal energy. After the in‐situ generation of hydrogel in the polyurethane foam to reduce the evaporation enthalpy of water and rapid evaporation of water. Liquefied‐chitin make a PU foam with low thermal conductivity, reduce the heat loss of the water. Notably, the excellent antibacterial property of liquefied‐chitin PU foam can make the photothermal material less likely to grow bacteria in the water and affect the photothermal evaporation efficiency. The water evaporation rates of PANi/PAM and PPy/PAM reached 2.18 and 2.38 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 solar irradiation, with photothermal conversion efficiencies of 136.9% and 149.4%, respectively. This study provides a simple method for converting polymers‐based foam into efficient solar thermal materials for solar‐driven desalination‐related applications.