bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP PERUBAHAN LABA
Authors: Eforis Chermian , Lijaya Setyani Metta
Published: June 2021

Abstract— Profit is one of company’s performance indicator and it will give good signal to investor when it increases. Based on previous studies, there are some financial ratios that have effects toward change in profit such as current ratio, return on asset (ROA), total asset turnover (TATO), and debt to asset ratio (DTA). This research aims to find the effect of current ratio, ROA, TATO and DTA towards change in profit. Manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry which is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) from 2016-2019 is the object of this research and purposive sampling as a sampling method. There are several criterias for sample selection such as published an audited financial statement for 4 years consecutive in 2016-2019; using Rupiah as a currency report in Financial statement; and has profit for 4 years consecutive in 2016-2019. There are 27 companies that meet all the criterias. The result of this research were (1) current ratio and debt to total asset had no significant effect towards changes in profit, (2) return on asset had a positive significant effect towards changes in profit, (3) total asset turnover had a negative significant effect towards changes in profit. Current ratio has no significant effect due to gain of intangible assets, gain of unrealized foreign exchange and financial income. The reason for debt to total asset is because the increase of liability is in line with the increase of asset, especially fixed assets. When fixed assets expand, total sales have increase along with profit change

 

Keywords: Changes in Profit; Current Ratio; Debt to Asset Ratio; Return on Asset; Total Asset Turnover
PENGARUH INTERPERSONAL INFLUENCE, ALTRUISM, DAN ENVIRONMENT KNOWLEDGE TERHADAP GREEN PURCHASING BEHAVIOUR KONSUMEN THE BODY SHOP YANG DIMEDIASI OLEH ENVIRONMENT ATTITUDE
Authors: Kristiyono Yokie Radnan , Felim Caroline
Published: June 2021

Abstract-This research was conducted to determine the relationship between interpersonal influence, altruism, environmental knowledge and green purchasing behaviour mediated by environmental attitudes towards consumers of The Body Shop in the Jakarta, Tangerang, Depok, Bekasi and Bogor areas. This research will focus on consumers of The Body Shop where the researchers conducted this research because the awareness of young consumers towards environmentally friendly products is still low. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach. The data used in this study were collected through an instrument in the form of an electronic questionnaire, namely Google Form that was spread on social media. The findings of this research show that interpersonal influence has a positive and significant effect on environment attitude; altruism has a positive effect on environment attitude; environment knowledge has no positive effect on environment attitude; and environment attitude has a positive effect on green purchasing behaviour. The managerial implication that can be given from this research is that marketers can increase consumer knowledge of the environment so that it can encourage consumers to pay attention to their attitudes towards the environment and can lead to consumer buying behaviour for environmentally friendly products.

Keywords: Interpersonal Influence; Altruism; Environment Knowledge; Green Purchasing Behavior; Environment  Attitude
E-WALLET SERVICE INNOVATION, SERVICE DELIVERY, AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY WITHIN SHOPEEPAY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Valencia Devona , Layman Chrisanty Victoria
Published: June 2021

Abstract- Indonesia's fast-growing digital payment industry is encouraging the emergence of new players. In a highly competitive industry and accompanied by COVID-19, e-wallet service providers compete to attract consumers and seller partners to use their services. This study aims to examine the effect of service innovation (SI), service delivery (SD), and customer satisfaction (CS) on customer loyalty (CL) of ShopeePay e-wallet users in Indonesia, especially during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study uses a quantitative method with non-probability sampling, namely judgment sampling, in which respondents are users of ShopeePay e-wallet service in Indonesia. Samples analyzed was 303 respondents with questionnaire data collection technique. The results shows that SI and SD mediated by CS, and CS itself has a positive and significant effect on CL of ShopeePay users in Indonesia. These findings indicate that ShopeePay Indonesia needs to develop SI and SD that meets customer needs and expectations to achieve CL.

Keywords: Delivery; Indonesian e-wallet; Innovation; Loyalty; Satisfaction
INFLUENCE OF INTEREST, PRICE, PRODUCT QUALITY, PROMOTION, AND BRAND IMAGE ON PURCHASING DECISIONS IN TRAVELOKA APP
Authors: Sihombing Tanggor , Sihombing Dosma
Published: June 2021

Abstract - This research was conducted to test and analyze the influence of interest, price, product quality, promotion, and brand image on purchasing decisions. The method used in this research was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using the SmartPLS application. The population in this study consisted of Traveloka application users with a total of 137 respondents. The study used purposive sampling with 104 respondents. The test results show that interest variable has a positive and significant effect toward purchasing decisions of Traveloka application users, while the price, product quality, promotion, and the variables of brand image have no significant effect toward users purchasing decisions of Traveloka application.

Keywords: Price; Product Quality; Promotion; Brand Image; Interest
STREET FOOD VENDORS’ HYGIENE AND SANITATION PRACTICE IN JAKARTA STREET FOOD COURTS (PUJASERA)
Authors: Harianto Anton , Ardani Edvi Gracia
Published: June 2021

Abstract- The existence of food street vendors in Jakarta Indonesia has been regulated by a Governor regulation for its improved management and arrangement in 2015. The food street vendors were unregulated and uncontrollable that disturb other street users, become organized with infrastructure support and empowerment plan from the government. The support structure from the local government is to construct food street courts to give basic facilities required for such business. The evolution from unregulated street vendors to a more organized locus for street vendors was supposed to be supported by empowerment. The study aims to investigate how food street vendors feels in facing the changes of business situation in general. For this purpose, a qualitative method with descriptive approach using observations and in-depth interview with the food street vendors. The findings of the research show that the food street vendors feel more confident in selling their food product whereas they have not implemented hygiene and sanitation as it is supposed to be. Thus, it is recommended to enhance the empowerment plan by looking at closely on the communication media to develop the capacity of the food street vendors.

Keywords: Food Hygiene; Micro Business; Street Food; Street Vendor Sanitation
Evaluasi Penerimaan Sistem Perencanaan dan Penilaian Anak Didik menggunakan Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Alkaff Muhammad , Maulida Muti'a , Rahmah Syarifah Arina Ihda
Published: June 2021

Most teachers have difficulty in developing Learning Implementation Plans (RPP) due to the large number of instruments in the RPP that need to be made and adapted to the standard format. Likewise, when evaluating students, teachers need to look back at the lesson plan before conducting an assessment. Teacher activities in making lesson plans and assessing according to lesson plans are very time-consuming. Therefore, the Learning Planning and Assessment System for Students (SPADIK) was developed. This new application aimed to ease teacher effort in making learning plans and assessments for students at TK Khalifah Banjarmasin II. The teacher always welcomes the existence of new technology that can help their work. However, if the teacher cannot operate this new technology, they will certainly be in vain. Therefore, evaluation of acceptance of the SPADIK system is required by using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This study uses a qualitative approach by conducting interviews with six kindergarten teachers of Khalifah Banjarmasin II, where this system was implemented. Data from interviews with teachers then reduced to a short description following the variables in the TAM model. From the results of testing with the TAM model, it was concluded that SPADIK could be accepted and used well by the teachers.

 

Index Terms—evaluation; information system; RPP; students assessment; Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Naskah Dinas Elektronik Berbasis Web Menggunakan WDLC
Authors: Febriyani Nur Annisa Kadarwati , Hadiprakoso Raden Budiarto
Published: June 2021

In the modern era of technological development, the application of electronic official script management is a solution to the administrative and communication challenges of agencies during the pandemic, such as today, where administrative work needs to be done from home (work from home). With the condition of a high level of need, the management of official manuscripts in the XYZ organization still uses conventional methods. So, this raises obstructed letter distribution and loss documents problem, and waste of paper use. We propose the Electronic Service Manuscript Management Application to replace the official script management process that previously applied conventional methods to using electronic methods to solve this problem. Besides, we also implement security aspects in the SHA-512 algorithm to fulfill authentication, AES-128 to meet confidentiality, and RSA2048 to meet integrity and non-repudiation. Apart from the security aspect, functionally, the system is built based on the Guidelines for Electronic Service Manuscripts, which are tailored to the organization's needs. The system development uses the Web Development Life Cycle (WDLC) methodology using the Yii2 framework. From the research results, it is concluded that the Electronic Service Manuscript Management Application has been built according to the needs of the organization and can be a security alternative in the official script management process.

 

Index Terms—digital signature; encryption; official script management; WDLC
Pemerolehan Bahasa pada Anak Usia Dini di Desa Hadiwarno Kecamatan Mejobo Kabupaten Kudus
Authors: Nugraheni Luthfa , Ahsin Mohammad Noor
Published: June 2021

Bahasa merupakan sarana yang digunakan untuk berkomunikasi di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Melalui bahasa yang baik dan efektif setiap manusia dapat memahami maksud ujaran yang dituturkan. Pemerolehan bahasa akan terlihat pada anak usia dini. Di usia tersebut anak melalui proses belajar dalam memperoleh bahasa baik dari yang dilihat dan diajarkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pemerolehan bahasa pada anak usia dini di Desa Hadiwarno Kecamatan Mejobo Kabupaten Kudus. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggambarkan data-data yang telah diperoleh. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam artikel ini adalah menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dari kata anggota keluarga, benda dalam rumah, benda di luar rumah, alat transportasi, hewan, warna, nama buah-buahan dan fenomena alam. Pemerolehan data tertinggi adalah menyebutkan nama anggota keluarga. Hal ini dikarenakan, dalam proses pemerolehan bahasa yang terjadi pada anak usia dini, kosa kata akan lebih banyak terbentuk dari keluarga.
Penerapan Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Minat dan Hasil Belajar Managemen Operasional di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Shofwani Siti Aniqoh , Rochmah Siti
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi rendahnya minat dan hasil belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah managemen operasional di masa pandemi covid-19. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan minat dan hasil belajar managemen operasional di masa pandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada mahasiswa di Prodi Managemen STIE Semarang Tahun Akademik 2020/2021. Jenis penelitian ini penelitian tindakan kelas  yang terdiri dari siklus 1 dan siklus 2. Masing-masing siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, angket, dokumentasi dan tes. Teknik analisis data menggunakan triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan minat dan hasil belajar managemen operasional di masa pandemi covid-19 bahwa penggunaan metode PBL dapat meningkatkan minat dan hasil belajar mahasiswa. Pada pembelajaran pra siklus terdapat 41% (9 mahasiswa) memperoleh skor minat belajar ≥30 (standar minimal) dan 54% (12 mahasiswa) memperoleh hasil tes diatas 75,00 (KKM). Pada siklus I mengalami peningkatan, 77% (17 mahasiswa) memperoleh skor minat belajar ≥ 30 dan sebesar 73% (16 mahasiswa) mencapai ketuntasan hasil belajar. Pada siklus 2 kembali mengalami peningkatan, 86% (19 mahasiswa) mencapai ketuntasan skor minat belajar dan sebanyak 90% (20 mahasiswa) mencapai ketuntasan hasil belajar. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode PBL dapat meningkatkan minat dan hasil belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah managemen operasional.
Penerapan Rules and Procedures Untuk Meningkatkan Kedisiplinan Siswa
Authors: Lumbantoruan Lina , Widiastuti Widiastuti , Tangkin Wiyun Philipus
Published: June 2021

Kedisiplinan sangat diperlukan dalam proses pembelajaran, namun kenyataannya masih banyak siswa yang menunjukkan sikap tidak disiplin. Berdasarkan hasil observasi di beberapa kelas di salah satu Sekolah Menengah Pertama Kristen di Medan, di dapati bahawa masih terdapat siswa yang tidak mengumpulkan tugasnya lebih banyak disbanding yang mengumpulkan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pernerapan rules and procedures. Tujuan dari karya tulis ini untuk memaparkan tentang penerapan rules and procedures untuk meningkatkan kedisiplinan siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa guru sebagai penuntun dalam penerapan rules and procedures berperan sebagai pribadi yang berotoritas untuk mengelola kelas serta mengajarkan siswa bertanggung jawab. Siswa yang melanggar rules menerima konsekuensi logis sedangkan siswa yang melanggar procedures akan dinasihati dan dimotivasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan, sebelum penerapan rule and prosedur tingkat kedisiplinan siswa di bawah 50 % tetapi sesudah penerapan rules and procedures didukung pemberian konsekuensi logis, nasihat dan motivasi kedisiplinan siswa meningkat di atas 50 %. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan rules and procedures dapat meningkatkan kedisiplinan siswa. Adapun saran kedepannya adalah penerapan rules and procedures akan lebih baik dijelaskan secara tatap muka (synchronous) saat pembelajaran online agar siswa lebih mudah memahami penjelasan dari guru.
Relevansi Pendidikan Humanis Paulo Freire Dengan Pendidikan Agama Kristen Jenjang Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Manullang Juanda , Maria Renny , Manullang Agustinus
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan Library Research (penelitian kepustakaan). Metode pengumpulan data yang dipakai adalah metode dokumenter, yaitu mencari dan mengumpulkan data mengenai variabel penelitian berupa buku-buku karangan Paulo Freire dan konsep Pendidikan Agama Kristen. Kemudian untuk analisis data, penelitian ini menggunakan analisis isi (Content Analysis). Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan adalah a) pendidikan semestinya menjadi kendaraan revolusioner untuk membantu manusia mencapai kesadaran kritis dan tujuan akhir pendidikan humanis yaitu membebaskan manusia dari belenggu penindasan sehingga memiliki kembali nilai kemanusiaan, b) terdapat relevansi konsep pendidikan humanis Paulo Freire dengan Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam hal peran peserta didik, kesadaran individu dan masyarakat, pendidikan berbasis realitas sosial, serta pendidikan dialogis menuju masyarakat toleran dan demokratis.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Fisik Motorik Halus Anak Kelompok A Melalui Kegiatan Melipat dengan Media Kertas
Authors: Murwani Yennik
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan fisik motorik halus pada anak usia dini dengan menggunakan media melipat kertas.Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak kelompok A yang berjumlah 12 anak. Dengan rincian jumlah anak putra 3 anak dan jumlah putri 9 anak. Objek penelitian ini adalah kegiatan pembelajaran melipat kertas dengan cara mendemontrasikan.Jenis penelitian adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang terdiri dari dua siklus,setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan,observasi, pelaksanaan dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, dokumentasi, wawancara, dan hasil karya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terjadi peningkatan prosentase awalnya pada pra siklus anak sebesar 40%  pada siklus I sebesar 60% pada siklus II prosentase meningkat menjadi 80%. Kesimpulannya kegiatan melipat kertas kelompok A dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar pada anak TK Al Islam 7 surakarta.
Dampak Kepemimpinan, Iklim Sekolah dan Motivasi Berprestasi Dalam Meningkatkan Komitmen Guru
Authors: Lukman Hakim  , Lian Bukman , Putra Alhadi Yan
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of significantly leadership principal, school climate and commitment achievement motivation to teachers at SMK Sub Rayon 04 in Ogan Komering Ulu Timur regency of South Sumatra province either partially or simultaneously. This study was a quantitative descriptive research, the population in this study are all public school teachers in the SMK Sub Rayon 04 in Ogan Komering Ulu Timur regency of South Sumatra province 330 teacher, with a sample of 101 teachers. Data was collected by questionnaire. Analysis of data using path analysis (path analysis) and hypothesis testing. The results of this study indicated that Leadership Principal significantly influence teachers' commitment, school climate significant effect on teacher commitment, achievement motivation significant effect on the school climate of teachers. Leadership principal, school climate, achievement motivation jointly significant effect on commitment of teacher.

Keywords: Motivation, commitment, leadership, climate.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh signifikan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, iklim sekolah dan motivasi berprestasi terhadap komitmen guru di SMK Sub Rayon 04 Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur Provinsi Sumatera Selatan baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif, populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh guru SMK Sub Rayon 04 Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur Provinsi Sumatera Selatan sebanyak 330 guru, dengan sampel 101 guru. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuisioner. Analisis data menggunakan analisis jalur (path analysis) dan pengujian hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan kepala sekolah berpengaruh signifikan terhadap komitmen guru, iklim sekolah berpengaruh signifikan terhadap komitmen guru, motivasi berprestasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap komitmen guru. Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, iklim sekolah, motivasi berprestasi secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap komitmen guru.

Kata Kunci: Iklim, kepemimpinan, komitmen, motivasi,
Analisis Ketercapaian Implementasi Rencana Pengembangan Sekolah Standar Proses Pendidikan di SMK Mandala Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Karsiwan Wawan , Juandi Agi , Leonaldi Leonaldi , Wijaya Rizqika Afthortu , Amelia Dinda
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketercapaian implementasi rencana pengembangan sekolah pada standar proses Pendidikan di SMK Mandala Kabupaten Bogor. Dimana standar proses merupakan ketentuan yang harus dilaksanakan oleh guru dalam menjamin pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif yang didukung dengan alat pengumpulan data berupa angket dalam bentuk google form dalam megukur ketercapaian standar proses dengan fokus pada tiga indikator utama, yaitu: Perencanaan Pembelajaran, Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran, dan Evaluasi pembelajaran dan dituangkan dalam bentuk 25 pertanyaan. Sementara, sampel penelitian yang menjadi sasaran penelitian ini adalah guru-guru SMK Mandala Kabupaten Bogor yang berjumlah sebanyak 27 orang guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara umum ketercapaian Standar Proses Pendidikan mencapai 71.33%, dan secara spesifik pencapaian pada indicator Perencanaan Pembelajaran sebesar 71.53%, Indikator Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran sebesar 71.4%, dan terakhir indikator evaluasi pembelajaran sebesar 71.05%. Dari pencapain tersebut, dapat dimaknai bahwa guru-guru di SMK Mandala telah menjalankan standar proses pendidikan sesuai dengan ketentuan standar proses yang berlaku dengan baik dan berkesinambungan, serta guru-guru telah menjalankan prinsip pembelajaran sesuai yang ditetapkan dalam Rencana Pengembangan Sekolah.
HOW TEXT-BASED TEACHING PROMOTE DIMENSIONS OF LITERACY SKILLS IN EFL CLASS
Authors: Winarsih Dwi , Munir Sirajul
Published: June 2021

This case study aimed to reveal how high school teachers in a municipality of Central Java as participants promoted dimension of literacy in text-based teaching in EFL classrooms because they were responsible to equip students with literacy skills in order to be smart and have critical thinking. The data were collected by recording, structured open-ended interviews, and classroom observations. Teachers whose students’ English proficiency belonged to fair tent to promote linguistic dimensions of literacy. They spent most of the teaching session by discussing elements of language such as structure or vocabulary and aims of text as an effort to promote socio cultural dimension. Teachers whose students had a good English proficiency promoted linguistic, socio cultural, cognitive and developmental dimension of literacy. The practical pedagogical implication is that teachers’ awareness of integrated particular teaching methods in the classroom is needed to promote students’ proficiency of literacy dimensions and equip students with 21st literacy skills.
Projective Synchronization of The Modified Fractional-Order Hyperchaotic R\"{o}ssler System and Its Application in Secure Communication
Authors: KAOUACHE Smail
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we propose a new approach to investigate the chaos projective synchronization of the modified fractional-order hyperchaotic Rossler system and its application in secure communication. The proposed communication system consists of four main elements including: modulation, master system, slave system and demodulation. The main idea of this approach is to inject the bounded or unbounded message into one of the parameters of the proposed system using the exponential function. However, the way of injecting the message in the modulation parameter must not remove the hyperchaotic character of the signal sent to the slave system. The slave system adaptively synchronizes with the master system, and the information signal can be recovered. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, an adaptation laws and adaptive control are designed to achieve projection synchronization of the modified system. Numerical simulations are performed to show the feasibility of the proposed secure communication scheme.
CHROME Criteria and Quality of Life: A Pilot Study from Maria Wolff-Albertia
Authors: Muñiz Ruben , López-Álvarez Jorge , Perea Luis , Rivera Sofía , González Liliana , Olazarán Javier
Published: June 2021

Background:

Over- and potentially inappropriate prescribing of psychotropic medications is a major public health concern among people with dementia.

Objective:

Describe the CHemical Restraints avOidance MEthodology (CHROME) criteria and evaluate its effects on psychotropic prescribing and quality of life (QoL).

Methods:

Observational, prospective, two-wave study conducted in two nursing homes. A multicomponent program to eliminate chemical restraints and attain quality prescription of psychotropic medications was implemented. CHROME’s diagnostic criteria comprise constellations of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia under six primary syndromic diagnoses. Since pharmacologic treatment is aimed at only one syndrome, polypharmacy is avoided. Psychotropic prescription, QoL, neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), and other clinical measurements were collected before and one year after the intervention. Results are presented for all residents ( n = 171) and for completer subjects ( n = 115).

Results:

Mean age (SD) of the residents was 87.8 (5.7), 78.9% were women, and 68.5% suffered advanced dementia. Psychotropic prescriptions decreased from 1.9 (1.1) to 0.9 (1.0) ( p < 0.0005). Substantive reduction in prescribing frequency was observed for antidepressants (76.9% pre-intervention, 33.8% post-intervention) and for atypical neuroleptics (38.8% pre-intervention, 15.1% post-intervention). There was improvement in patient’s response to surroundings ( p < 0.0005) and total NPS ( p < 0.01), but small worsening occurred in social interaction ( p < 0.02, completer subjects). Safety measurements remained stable.

Conclusion:

CHROME criteria appear to optimize psychotropic prescriptions, avoid chemical restraints, and allow external verification of quality prescriptions. Extensive use seems feasible, related to substantial reduction of prescriptions, and of benefit for people with dementia as de-prescriptions are not associated to increased NPS or QoL loss.
Neurocognitive Constructs Underlying Executive Control in Statistically-Determined Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Emrani Sheina , Lamar Melissa , Price Catherine , Baliga Satya , Wasserman Victor , Matusz Emily F. , Saunders Johnathan , Gietka Vaughn , Strate James , Swenson Rod , Baliga Ganesh , Libon David J.
Published: June 2021

Background: The model of executive attention proposes that temporal organization, i.e., the time necessary to bring novel tasks to fruition is an important construct that modulates executive control. Subordinate to temporal organization are the constructs of working memory, preparatory set, and inhibitory control. Objective: The current research operationally-defined the constructs underlying the theory of executive attention using intra-component latencies (i.e., reaction times) from a 5-span backward digit test from patients with suspected mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: An iPad-version of the Backward Digit Span Test (BDT) was administered to memory clinic patients. Patients with (n = 22) and without (n = 36) MCI were classified. Outcome variables included intra-component latencies for all correct 5-span serial order responses. Results: Average total time did not differ. A significant 2-group by 5-serial order latency interaction revealed the existence of distinct time epochs. Non-MCI patients produced slower latencies on initial (position 2-working memory/preparatory set) and latter (position 4-inhibitory control) correct serial order responses. By contrast, patients with MCI produced a slower latency for middle serial order responses (i.e., position 3-preparatory set). No group differences were obtained for incorrect 5-span test trials. Conclusion: The analysis of 5-span BDT serial order latencies found distinct epochs regarding how time was allocated in the context of successful test performance. Intra-component latencies obtained from tests assessing mental re-ordering may constitute useful neurocognitive biomarkers for emergent neurodegenerative illness.
Classifying Non-Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease/Vascular Dementia Patients Using Kinematic, Time-Based, and Visuospatial Parameters: The Digital Clock Drawing Test
Authors: Davoudi Anis , Dion Catherine , Amini Shawna , Tighe Patrick J. , Price Catherine C. , Libon David J. , Rashidi Parisa
Published: June 2021

Background: Advantages of digital clock drawing metrics for dementia subtype classification needs examination. Objective: To assess how well kinematic, time-based, and visuospatial features extracted from the digital Clock Drawing Test (dCDT) can classify a combined group of Alzheimer’s disease/Vascular Dementia patients versus healthy controls (HC), and classify dementia patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus vascular dementia (VaD). Methods: Healthy, community-dwelling control participants (n = 175), patients diagnosed clinically with Alzheimer’s disease (n = 29), and vascular dementia (n = 27) completed the dCDT to command and copy clock drawing conditions. Thirty-seven dCDT command and 37 copy dCDT features were extracted and used with Random Forest classification models. Results: When HC participants were compared to participants with dementia, optimal area under the curve was achieved using models that combined both command and copy dCDT features (AUC = 91.52%). Similarly, when AD versus VaD participants were compared, optimal area under the curve was, achieved with models that combined both command and copy features (AUC = 76.94%). Subsequent follow-up analyses of a corpus of 10 variables of interest determined using a Gini Index found that groups could be dissociated based on kinematic, time-based, and visuospatial features. Conclusion: The dCDT is able to operationally define graphomotor output that cannot be measured using traditional paper and pencil test administration in older health controls and participants with dementia. These data suggest that kinematic, time-based, and visuospatial behavior obtained using the dCDT may provide additional neurocognitive biomarkers that may be able to identify and tract dementia syndromes.
Normative References for Graphomotor and Latency Digital Clock Drawing Metrics for Adults Age 55 and Older: Operationalizing the Production of a Normal Appearing Clock
Authors: Davoudi Anis , Dion Catherine , Formanski Erin , Frank Brandon E. , Amini Shawna , Matusz Emily F. , Wasserman Victor , Penney Dana , Davis Randall , Rashidi Parisa , Tighe Patrick J. , Heilman Kenneth M. , Au Rhoda , Libon David J. , Price Catherine C.
Published: June 2021

Background: Relative to the abundance of publications on dementia and clock drawing, there is limited literature operationalizing ‘normal’ clock production. Objective: To operationalize subtle behavioral patterns seen in normal digital clock drawing to command and copy conditions. Methods: From two research cohorts of cognitively-well participants age 55 plus who completed digital clock drawing to command and copy conditions (n = 430), we examined variables operationalizing clock face construction, digit placement, clock hand construction, and a variety of time-based, latency measures. Data are stratified by age, education, handedness, and number anchoring. Results: Normative data are provided in supplementary tables. Typical errors reported in clock research with dementia were largely absent. Adults age 55 plus produce symmetric clock faces with one stroke, with minimal overshoot and digit misplacement, and hands with expected hour hand to minute hand ratio. Data suggest digitally acquired graphomotor and latency differences based on handedness, age, education, and anchoring. Conclusion: Data provide useful benchmarks from which to assess digital clock drawing performance in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.
Venous Thromboembolism and Risk of Cancer in Patients with Dementia: A Danish Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Fuglsang Cecilia H. , Nagy David , Troelsen Frederikke S. , Farkas Dora K. , Henderson Victor W. , Sørensen Henrik T.
Published: June 2021

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) may be the first manifestation of occult cancer. Dementia has been linked to reduced cancer risk. Objective: We examined the risk of cancer following VTE in people with dementia in comparison to the risk in the general population. Methods: We conducted a population-based Danish registry-based cohort study following patients with a first-time VTE and a previous or concurrent diagnosis of dementia during the period 1 April 1996 –31 December 2017. We followed the study participants from date of VTE until diagnosis of cancer, death, emigration, or end of study period, whichever came first. The absolute risk of cancer within one year after VTE was computed, treating death as a competing risk. We calculated gender, age, and calendar-period standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of cancer based on national cancer rates. Results: We followed 3,552 people with dementia and VTE for a median of 1.3 years. Within the first year after VTE, they had a 90% increased risk of cancer in comparison with the general population [SIR: 1.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.6–2.4)]. During subsequent follow-up years, the SIR fell to 0.7 (95% confidence interval: 0.5–0.8). Findings for Alzheimer’s disease and VTE were similar. Conclusion: People with dementia have an increased risk of a cancer diagnosis during the first year following VTE, perhaps related to increased surveillance, and a lower risk thereafter. Overall risk is similar to that of the general population.
Interaction of Alzheimer’s Disease-Associated Genetic Risk with Indicators of Socioeconomic Position on Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study
Authors: Frank Mirjam , Hensel Jonas , Baak Lisa , Schramm Sara , Dragano Nico , Weimar Christian , Hoffmann Per , Nöthen Markus M. , Erbel Raimund , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Jokisch Martha , Schmidt Börge
Published: June 2021

Background: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele is reported to be a strong genetic risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Additional genetic loci have been detected that influence the risk for late-onset AD. As socioeconomic position (SEP) is also strongly related to cognitive decline, SEP has been suggested to be a possible modifier of the genetic effect on MCI. Objective: To investigate whether APOE ɛ4 and a genetic sum score of AD-associated risk alleles (GRSAD) interact with SEP indicators to affect MCI in a population-based cohort. Methods: Using data of 3,834 participants of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study, APOE ɛ4 and GRSAD by SEP interactions were assessed using logistic regression models, as well as SEP-stratified genetic association analysis. Interaction on additive scale was calculated using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). All analysis were additionally stratified by sex. Results: Indication for interaction on the additive scale was found between APOE ɛ4 and low education on MCI (RERI: 0.52 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01; 1.03]). The strongest genetic effects of the APOE ɛ4 genotype on MCI were observed in groups of low education (Odds ratio (OR): 1.46 [95% CI: 0.79; 2.63] for≤10 years of education versus OR: 1.00 [95% CI: 0.43; 2.14] for≥18 years of education). Sex stratified results showed stronger effects in women. No indication for interaction between the GRSAD and SEP indicators on MCI was observed. Conclusion: Results indicate that low education may have an impact on APOE ɛ4 expression on MCI, especially among women.
Classification, Prediction, and Concordance of Cognitive and Functional Progression in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment in the United States: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Mouchet Julie , Betts Keith A. , Georgieva Mihaela V. , Ionescu-Ittu Raluca , Butler Lesley M. , Teitsma Xavier , Delmar Paul , Kulalert Thomas , Zhu JingJing , Lema Neema , Desai Urvi
Published: June 2021

Background: Progression trajectories of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are currently not well understood. Objective: To classify patients with incident MCI into different latent classes of progression and identify predictors of progression class. Methods: Participants with incident MCI were identified from the US National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set (09/2005-02/2019). Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR®) Dementia Staging Instrument-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score longitudinal trajectories from MCI diagnosis were fitted using growth mixture models. Predictors of progression class were identified using multivariate multinomial logistic regression models; odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Results: In total, 21%, 22%, and 57% of participants (N = 830) experienced fast, slow, and no progression on CDR-SB, respectively; for FAQ, these figures were 14%, 23%, and 64%, respectively. CDR-SB and FAQ class membership was concordant for most participants (77%). Older age (≥86 versus≤70 years, OR [95% CI] = 5.26 [1.78–15.54]), one copy of APOE ɛ4 (1.94 [1.08–3.47]), higher baseline CDR-SB (2.46 [1.56–3.88]), lower baseline MMSE (0.85 [0.75–0.97]), and higher baseline FAQ (1.13 [1.02–1.26]) scores were significant predictors of fast progression versus no progression based on CDR-SB (all p < 0.05). Predictors of FAQ class membership were largely similar. Conclusion: Approximately a third of participants experienced progression based on CDR-SB or FAQ during the  4-year follow-up period. CDR-SB and FAQ class assignment were concordant for the vast majority of participants. Identified predictors may help the selection of patients at higher risk of progression in future trials.
Documentation of Dementia as a Cause of Death Among Mexican-American Decedents Diagnosed with Dementia
Authors: Downer Brian , Chou Lin-Na , Al Snih Soham , Barba Cheyanne , Kuo Yong-Fang , Raji Mukaila , Markides Kyriakos S. , Ottenbacher Kenneth J.
Published: June 2021

Background: Hispanic older adults are a high-risk population for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) but are less likely than non-Hispanic White older adults to have ADRD documented as a cause of death on a death certificate. Objective: To investigate characteristics associated with ADRD as a cause of death among Mexican-American decedents diagnosed with ADRD. Methods: Data came from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly, Medicare claims, and National Death Index. Results: The final sample included 853 decedents diagnosed with ADRD of which 242 had ADRD documented as a cause of death. More health comorbidities (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.28–0.58), older age at death (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.03–1.36), and longer ADRD duration (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.03–1.14) were associated with ADRD as a cause of death. In the last year of life, any ER admission without a hospitalization (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.22–0.92), more physician visits (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93–0.98), and seeing a medical specialist (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.29–0.75) were associated with lower odds for ADRD as a cause of death. In the last 30 days of life, any hospitalization with an ICU stay (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.36–0.82) and ER admission with a hospitalization (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.48–0.94) were associated with lower odds for ADRD as a cause of death. Receiving hospice care in the last 30 days of life was associated with 1.98 (95% CI = 1.37–2.87) higher odds for ADRD as a cause of death. Conclusion: Under-documentation of ADRD as a cause of death may reflect an underestimation of resource needs for Mexican-Americans with ADRD.
Blood CDKN2A Gene Expression in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Mori Hiroaki , Funahashi Yu , Yoshino Yuta , Kumon Hiroshi , Ozaki Yuki , Yamazaki Kiyohiro , Ochi Shinichiro , Tachibana Ayumi , Yoshida Taku , Shimizu Hideaki , Mori Takaaki , Iga Jun-ichi , Ueno Shu-ichi
Published: June 2021

Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) is an important gene in cellular senescence and aging. Objective: This study assessed the utility of blood CDKN2A mRNA expression levels and methylation status as a potential biomarker for aging and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: The correlation between CDKN2A mRNA expression levels and age was examined in 45 healthy subjects, after which mRNA expression levels were compared among 46 AD patients, 20 mild cognitive impairment due to AD patients, 21 Parkinson’s disease patients, 21 dementia with Lewy bodies patients, and 55 older healthy controls. The methylation rates of the second exon of the CDKN2A gene, known to influence its expression levels, was also examined. Results: A significant correlation between CDKN2A mRNA expression levels and age was found (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient: r = 0.407, p = 0.005). CDKN2A mRNA expression levels in blood were significantly decreased in AD patients, although those of healthy controls were significantly increased with age. Further, only in AD patients were CDKN2A mRNA expression levels significantly and positively correlated with methylation rates. Conclusion: Although further research with a larger sample size is needed to elucidate the relationships between CDKN2A gene expression in blood and the development of other neurodegenerative diseases, CDKN2A mRNA expression in blood may be a biomarker for differentiating AD from normal aging and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Representing a probabilistic linguistic term set with an interval type-2 fuzzy set and the application in green supplier selection
Authors: Jiang Le , Liu Hongbin
Published: June 2021

The use of probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) means the process of computing with words. The existing methods computing with PLTSs mainly use symbolic model. To provide a semantic model for computing with PLTSs, we propose to represent a PLTS by using an interval type-2 fuzzy set (IT2FS). The key step is to compute the footprint of uncertainty of the IT2FS. To this aim, the upper membership function is computed by aggregating the membership functions of the linguistic terms contained in the PLTS, and the lower membership function is obtained by moving the upper membership function downward with the step being total entropy of the PLTS. The comparison rules, some operations, and an aggregation operator for PLTSs are introduced. Based on the proposed method of computing with PLTSs, a multi-criteria group decision making model is introduced. The proposed decision making model is then applied in green supplier selection problem to show its feasibility.
Novel multi-criteria decision-making methods with soft rough q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets and q-rung orthopair fuzzy soft rough sets
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Ali Nawazish , Davvaz Bijan , Aslam Muhammad
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper is to introduce the concepts of soft rough q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (SRqROFS) and q-rung orthopair fuzzy soft rough set (qROPFSRS) based on soft rough set and fuzzy soft relation, respectively. We define some fundamental operations on both SRqROFS and qROPFSRS and discuss some key properties of these models by using upper and lower approximation operators. The suggested models are superior than existing soft rough sets, intuitionistic fuzzy soft rough sets and Pythagorean fuzzy soft rough sets. These models are more efficient to deal with vagueness in multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems. We develop Algorithm i (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) for the construction of SRqROFS, construction of qROFSRS, selection of a smart phone, ranking of beautiful public parks, and ranking of government challenges, respectively. The notions of upper reduct and lower reduct based on the upper approximations and lower approximations by variation of the decision attributes are also proposed. The applications of the proposed MCDM methods are demonstrated by respective numerical examples. The idea of core is used to find a unanimous optimal decision which is obtained by taking the intersection of all lower reducts and upper reducts.
A risk assessment method based on Pythagorean fuzzy set and artificial-neuron-like evaluation node
Authors: Rodríguez Antonio
Published: June 2021

Taking concepts from supply management, we developed a specification-assessment-compliance approach to obtain a transparent multi-criteria decision-making method. We designed an artificial-neuron-like node that allows the implementation of networks to represent hierarchies of evaluation criteria. A new graphical model based on functions in the unit segment uses the concept of Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS). The specification PFSs’ entropies modulate the widths of one-sided triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) with positive slopes that become the evaluation nodes’ activation functions. All the specifications refer to the same point to facilitate the evaluation and ensure coherence. One-sided TFNs with negative slopes biunivocally represent the assessment PFSs at the input layer of the network. A risk case study on the options for the outsourcing of an information technology development project shows the proposed method’s implementation. We compare the results with those of the application of two other previous methods.
An improved lightweight network architecture for identifying tobacco leaf maturity based on Deep learning
Authors: Li JX , Zhao H , Zhu S.P , Huang H. , Miao YJ , Jiang ZY
Published: June 2021

The classification of fresh tobacco leaves during the picking process plays an important role in the subsequent roasting. In this paper, a lightweight convolutional neural network is used to detect the maturity of tobacco leaves quickly. Fresh tobacco leaves in the datasets are divided into 3 categories by the picking position, and each category is divided into 4 maturity levels and finally gets 12 types of tobacco leaves with different maturity. To ensure the lightweight of the model, the new network is based on the MobileNetV2 to establish. By utilizing shortcut operation, the shallow network information is preserved, and network degradation is suppressed. In the tobacco leaf datasets we obtained, the improved network has superior performance and compared with other classic networks, the model size and the number of operations have been reduced.
Estimating shopping center visitor numbers based on a new hybrid fuzzy prediction method
Authors: Ozdemir Cagatay , Onar Sezi Cevik , Bagriyanik Selami , Kahraman Cengiz , Akalin Burak Zafer , Öztayşi Başar
Published: June 2021

Companies started to determine their strategies based on intelligent data analysis due to stagey enhance data production. Literature reviews show that the number of resources where demand estimation, location analysis, and decision-making technique applied together with the machine learning method is low in all sectors and almost none in the shopping mall domain. Within this study’s scope, a new hybrid fuzzy prediction method has been developed that will estimate the customer numbers for shopping malls. This new methodology is applied to predict the number of visitors of three shopping malls on the Anatolian side of Istanbul. The forecasting study for corresponding shopping malls is made by using the daily signaling data from indoor base stations of large-scale technology and telecommunications services provider and the features to be used in machine learning models is determined by fuzzy multi criteria decision making method. Output revealed by the application of the fuzzy multi criteria decision making method enables the prioritization of features.