bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Lemongrass Essential Oil as a Natural Preservative Agent for Pineapple Juice
Authors: Celina Amanda , Rahmawati Della , Permana Tabligh
Published: February 2019

Pineapple juice is frequently consumed for its extensive health benefits, but is prone to microbiological degradation. Pasteurization – as a current preservation technique – have been degrading the nutritional qualities of fruit juices, and the use of synthetic preservatives have been perceived negatively by consumers. In this study, lemongrass essential oil was applied for the preservation of pineapple juice. Agar Well Diffusion Method was used for antimicrobial activity screening of lemongrass essential oil against E. coli, S. cerevisiae, and A. niger, while Broth Macrodilution Method was used in determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of lemongrass essential oil, which was evaluated to be 0.1%. Furthermore, the addition of 0.1% lemongrass essential oil into pineapple juice had a negative impact regarding the sensorial acceptability, but was able to significantly suppress the microbial count for bacteria, yeast, and mould during 5 days of storage time in chilling temperature (4oC). Vitamin C content degradation and pH changes during storage were not significantly affected by the addition oflemongrass essential oil. Furthermore, the addition of 0.1% lemongrass essential oil was observed to be not synergistic with the enzyme activity of pineapple juice, and has negatively impacted the enzyme stability of the pineapple juice.
Análisis comparativo y modelación de las situaciones de calidad del aire en una muestra de ciudades del mundo. Comparación con el caso de Medellín
Authors: Posada Enrique , Gómez Miryam , Almanza Johan
Published: February 2019

Para una muestra de 25 ciudades de diversos países del mundo, se recogió información sobre la calidad anual del aire para PM2.5, NO2 y ozono y sobre diversos parámetros de interés en cuanto a su relación potencial con la calidad del aire. Un análisis comparativo de dicha información y un modelo lineal que relaciona la calidad del aire con algunos de los parámetros es elaborado, con base en el nivel de aproximación que se logró entre las calidades reportadas y las predichas por la modelación. Los datos se basan en reportes e información disponible en páginas web y en reportes públicos e informes de investigación propios para los años 2012 y 2015. Se ha logrado plantear una perspectiva novedosa de la situación de la calidad del aire y del tipo de medidas estratégicas que se pudieran emprender para lograr mejorar la situación y llevarla a los límites deseables.
En torno a la evolución de la investigación en contabilidad social y medioambiental
Authors: Larrinaga González Carlos
Published: February 2019

La intención de este documento es caracterizar la evolución de la investigación en contabilidad social y medioambiental, para ofrecer una visión de conjunto –sin ser sistemática ni exhaustiva– sobre este campo académico. Inicialmente se analiza la evolución de este campo de investigación a la luz de diferentes perspectivas teóricas, como el enfoque normativo, el marco conceptual y el paradigma de la utilidad para la toma de decisiones. Luego se exponen las teorías descriptivas aplicadas al reporte de información social y medioambiental de las empresas desde los enfoques de la teoría de los grupos de interés, la teoría de la legitimidad y la teoría institucional. El texto hace precisiones conceptuales que favorecen la comprensión de esta clasificación y advierte las posibilidades de otros enfoques más progresistas para guiar el estudio de la temática.
PENYEBARAN BATUAN ANDESIT DENGAN METODE GEOLISTRIK DI DESA LAKSANAMEKAR BANDUNG
Authors: Saputro Handoyo
Published: February 2019

Penelitian Penyebaran Batuan Andesit dilakukan dengan Metode Geolistrik di Desa Laksanamekar Bandung yang bertujuan menentukan volume batuan andesit dan distribusinya, dengan menggunakan metode resisitivity vertical electrical sounding konfigurasi Wenner. Daerah tersebut terletak di antara kontur 725 dan 758 m. Pelapisan di daerah ini diwakili oleh lapisan lapuk di permukaan, endapan vulkanik muda dan batuan andesit. Pada daerah seluas 225 m x 150 m, dilakukan pengukuran tahanan jenis semu melalui 7 lintasan sounding. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan sofware IPI2Win untuk memperoleh kurva pseudo cross-section dan resistivity section sehingga dapat ditentukan ketebalan lapisan di bawah permukaan. Batuan andesit terletak antara kedalaman (38 – 45) m, dengan variasi tahanan jenis dari (352 – 512) W.m. Volume batuan andesit dihitung dengan metode mapping. Volume batuan andesit terhitung 1.347.866 m3. Hasil penelitian ini dipakai untuk menunjang operasi penambangan batuan andesit demi optimalisasi pemakaian peralatan tambang dan efisiensi waktu kerja.
PETROGENESA BATUAN INTRUSIF GUNUNG BERJO - BUTAK, DAERAH GODEAN BERDASARKAN DATA PETROGRAFINYA
Authors: Verdiansyah Okki
Published: February 2019

Daerah Godean merupakan bagian dari vulkanisme Miosen, yang tersisa pada daerah Yogyakarta bagian tengah. Vukanisme pada daerah Godean, diperkirakan sebagai produk dari busur gunungapi kepulauan dengan diferensiasi yang terbentuk mulai dari andesit basaltik, andesit dasitik, dasit, riodasit, dan kembali menjadi andesit basaltik. Penelitian dilakukan pada batuan beku pada gunung Berjo, gunung Butak, batuan intrusi subvulkanik dengan orientasi sebaran selatan- timurlaut. Analisis data menggunakan petrografi sebanyak 17 sayatan tipis untuk melihat mineralogi dan tekstur khusus yang terdapat dalam batuan. Morfologi daerah penelitian berupa bukit terisolir dengan kelerengan 51 – 56 %, merupakan produk denudasional yang dikelilingi endapan kuarter dari fluvio-vulkanik gunung Merapi. Litologi pada gunung Berjo dan gunung Buthak terdiri dari andesit piroksen, dasit, andesit, basalt piroksen, yang merupakan batuan intrusi dangkal (subvolcanic intrusion) dengan tekstur utama berupa intersitial, mortar, porfiritik  yang diikuti tekstur khusus berupa oscilating zoning, sieve, dan miarolitic cavities terisi epidot-feldspar-kuarsa sebagai indikasi proses magmatic-hydrothermal pada suhu ± 200 - 400ºC diikuti alterasi hidrotermal berupa phyllic dan propylitic alteration yang terbentuk pada pH  4-5 dengan temperatur 200-3000C. Petrogenesa batuan gunung Berjo dan Butak diinterpretasi terbentuk sebagai batuan intrusi dangkal pada kedalaman 500 m dari permukaan purba, afinitas magma kapur alkali busur gunung api kepulauan dengan konten air tinggi, yang diikuti proses fraksinasi kristalisasi dengan pergerakan magma intrusi yang relatif melambat dan menerobos batuan sedimen karbonat. Petrogenesa daerah Godean masih perlu diperkuat dengan riset mineralogi lebih detil dan data lain yang mendukung.
PENGARUH SUDUT KEMIRINGAN TERHADAP KINERJA TURBIN ULIR
Authors: Abdulkadir M.
Published: February 2019

Sumber tenaga air dengan head rendah masih banyak yang belum termanfaatkan sehingga perlu dikembangkan dan dimanfaatkan. Salah satu turbin yang mampu bekerja pada head rendah adalah turbin ulir. Banyak parameter yang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja turbin ulir, di antaranya adalah jumlah sudu, jumlah lilitan, sudut kemiringan, dan debit. Sehubungan dengan hal ini maka perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui kondisi kinerja optimalnya.                Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mngetahui pengaruh sudut kemiringan dan debit masukan terhadap putaran, daya output dan efisiensi turbin ulir. Penelitian dilakukan pada suatu model turbin ulir dengan dengan diameter luar (d0) 10,10 cm, jumlah blade = 15 buah,  jarak pitch (p) = 3 cm dan panjang ulir 43 cm, variasi sudut kemiringan antara 100 sampai 450, dan variasi debit 84 l/men, 95 l/men dan 105 l/men.Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh putaran maksimum 240 rpm pada debit 105 liter/menit dan sudut kemiringan 15 0, daya output maksimum 5,558 W pada debit 105 liter/menit dan sudut kemiringan 20 0, dan efisiensi maksimum sebesar 44,349 pada debit 105 liter/menit dan sudut kemiringan 20 0.
PENDUGAAN KANDUNGAN BIJIH BESI DENGAN METODE GEOLISTRIK RESISTIVITY 2D, IP, DAN GEOMAGNET DI PT. ARIES IRON MINING DESA TUMBANG TILAP, KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Yudanto Valentinus Singgih , P Excelsior T , Wahyudi Luthfi
Published: February 2019

The study was conducted at PT. Aries Iron Mining Tumbang Tilap, District Mentaya Hulu, Kotawaringin Timur, East Kalimantan province.Exploration of the geomagnetic method parameter used to study susceptibility of these methods and geoelectric parameters used to study iron ore with this method is conductive and resistive properties. Geomagnetic data is processed using surfer program, the results of the program are used to determine the retrieval surfer geoelectric. Geoelectric method can provide a snapshot below the soil surface is generally without excavation geophysical methods using methods Geoscan (2D Resistivity and Induced Polarization). IP geoelectric investigation using dipole-dipole configuration, and is limited to the determination of the variation of the subsurface resistivity and chargeability vertically or horizontally
KARAKTERISASI TURBIN ANGIN SUDU FLAT BERBINGKAI DENGAN VARIASI LEBAR SUDU UNTUK PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA ANGIN
Authors: Bono Bono , Suwoto Gatot , Margana Margana , Sunarwo Sunarwo
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bentujuan untuk menghasilkan turbin angin sudu flat berbingkai dengan variasi lebar sudu. Penelitian diawali dengan membuat bingkai sudu sebanyak 6 buah, dengan lebar sudu masing masing sebesar 4 cm, 6 cm, dan 8 cm. Sudu dibuat dari bahan plat galvalum dengan model 4 buah bilah sudu di bingkai menjadi satu. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi uji karakteristik turbin, dimana kecepatan angin dibuat bervariasi antara 5 m/s sampai dengan 8 m/s.  Hasil uji berupa grafik karakteristik turbin untuk masing-masing lebar sudu. Parameter yang diukur dalam pengujian adalah kecepatan angin, putaran turbin, beban.turbin, arus dan tegangan listrik keluaran dari generator. Parameter yang ditentukan dan merupakan variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah lebar sudu 4 cm, 6 cm, dan 8 cm. Beban turbin divariasikan dan setiap variasi dilakukan pencatatan terhadap parameter-parameter diatas. Pengujian dilakukan pada kondisi kecepatan angin konstan, pada sudut sudu 600 dengan 6 buah bingkai sudu, dan lebar sudu 4 cm, pada kondisi tersebut beban generator divariasikan, pada setiap variasi beban dilakukan pencatatan terhadap parameter uji di atas. Selanjutnya dilakukan hal yang sama untuk lebar sudu sama kecepatan angin yang berbeda. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian dengan tahapan yang sama untuk lebar sudu 6 cm dan 8 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya generator tertinggi yang mampu dibangkitkan adalah sebesar 21,44 watt, pada kecepatan angin sebesar 8 m/s dengan putaran 203,14 rpm, sedangkan Efisiensi sistem tertinggi sebesar 33,15 % terjadi pada kecepatan angin 5 m/s  dengan putaran 164,43 rpm
Indicative properties study of Medicago sativa L. culture under the oil-polluted condition
Authors: Gafarova B. , Mammadova A.
Published: February 2019

For indicative properties study of plant culture with Medicago sativa L. was made an effort in oil-polluted areas under the Abcheron condition. With this purpose the sprouting ability of the plant seeds treated by different density 1%; 5%; 10%; 15%; 50%. Crude oil was determined, and the morphometric measurements of the inducted seeds were performed in their ontogenesis first stage.
Combined therapy in children with functional disorders of the biliary tract
Authors: Malevannaya V.
Published: February 2019

The paper presents data on the evaluation of complex treatment of children with biliary dysfunction according to the results of a clinical ultrasound study with the determination of the motor function index of the gall bladder.
Features of the metabolic syndrome in children according to laboratory research in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Ongoeva B.
Published: February 2019

The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Endocrinology of the National Center for the Protection of Motherhood and Childhood. A study of laboratory studies of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents revealed significant changes in the main group, compared with the control group. All indicators of lipid, carbohydrate, electrolyte metabolism, as well as liver and kidney function, were higher in children with metabolic syndrome.
Efficiency in the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Saatova G. , Ganieva A.
Published: February 2019

The medical and economic efficiency of various treatment programs for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is analyzed. The use of tocilizumab is 1.9 times more effective than in the group with traditional treatment. Evaluation of the quality of life of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis on the SF-36 scale can be used to assess the effectiveness of treatment by parameters reflecting the physical, psycho-emotional state and social adaptation of the child. The authors note the smallest amount of costs per unit of quality of life of the patient in the tocilizumab treatment program.
Ecodiagnostic parameters of the characteristic soil types on the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus as an example of Shabran district of Azerbaijan
Authors: Manafova E.
Published: February 2019

The article provides a brief description of the physical–geographical location of the study area. Geomorphological, geological conditions of formation, climatic and hydrological conditions, morphogenetic description of the soil profile of characteristic soil types and analysis of diagnostic indicators of the current state of characteristic types of the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus are given according to the International WRB system.
Ecological problems of interaction of the transport and technological systems with the environment
Authors: Fohakov A. , Kobuliev Z. , Rajabov R. , Khujaev P.
Published: February 2019

The article discusses the environmental problems of the interaction of transport and technological systems with the environment in Tajikistan mountainous regions. The influence of factors on the functioning of the system of rendering transport services by passenger motor transport is revealed. Including the dependence of the solution of these basic tasks on the level of the transport security system and the validity of the transportation process, transport infrastructures, rational use of the transport potential of enterprises, as well as environmental problems in the mountainous region.
Quality of soybean seeds depending on herbicides applied to various plant grounding
Authors: Omarov F. , Aytemirov A. , Magomedova M. , Magomedov U.
Published: February 2019

On meadow–chestnut soils of Dagestan, in irrigated conditions, in a multifactorial experience, the dependence of the quality characteristics of soybean seeds on sowing methods, seeding rates and the systematic use of herbicides has been studied. It was established that physical qualities of seeds were better on variants with the use of herbicides treflan and permethrin, in pure form and in a mixture. A decrease in the physical qualities of soybean seeds is observed during the transition to more thickened, narrow–row seeding. Systemic use of herbicides: bazagran on the background treflan + prometrin increases germination energy, laboratory and field. On the same background of herbicides in thickened crops, these figures are significantly reduced. The herbicides tested did not affect the damage to seeds by pests and diseases and did not have a significant negative effect on the accumulation of protein in soybean seeds.
Experience vegetative propagation Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) in Uzbekistan
Authors: Turdiev S.
Published: February 2019

Conducting the results of the research work on the studies optimal timing of harvesting and planting stem cuttings Russian olive. The formation of adventitious roots on cuttings Russian olive is dependent on callus. The roots are laid in the cambium of the stem cuttings and breaking through the crust near the pillow or sheet between the callus and bark. Cuttings Russian olive autumn harvesting and spring planting at the end of the growing season gave the best gain in height — 166.7±5.35 cm (diameter of 10.2 ± 0.47 mm). Annuals plants from cuttings Russian olive autumn harvesting had 30 cm long and a height of 179.8±5,09 cm (diameter of 11.1 ± 0.69 mm) and save 88%. The best survival was observed in the cuttings, prepared with annual shoots. By the end of vegetative growth leading to escape the majority of seedlings Russian olive reaches 83–166 cm in height. Maximum 160–221 cm.
Soil fertilizer as an antropogenic factor of the increase potential in biological fixation of nitrogen
Authors: Mustafayev Z.
Published: February 2019

An application of mineral fertilizers is considered the main method of provision of agriculture plants with nitrogen. However, the plant need for nitrogen can’t be always wholly satisfied because of the energetic crisis and expensiveness of nitrogen fertilizers. In this regard, biological nitrogen is of great importance. Use of the biological nitrogen creates a favorable background for agriculture and allows to spend economically mineral fertilizers.
Hemiplegia laryngis in sport horses: recent advances and status today
Authors: Ulybina E. , Tsvetkova A. , Lukina D.
Published: February 2019

Laryngeal hemiplegia today is one of the most common pathologies of the upper respiratory tract of large breed sports horses and can greatly affect the performance of an animal and its athletic career. This article reviews the latest research data on the nature of this disease, aetiology, pathogenesis and classification, the genetic susceptibility of large horses to this pathology, the method of minimally invasive diagnosis, and the method of treatment of this disease, which is currently the most effective.
The review of the water mist fire extinguishing technology
Authors: Chen L. , Wang L. , Yankin V. , Neyasov A.
Published: February 2019

Due to the signing of the Montreal Convention, people have been looking for alternatives to the halon fire extinguishing system. The water mist is widely concerned because of its unique advantages. Many scholars have conducted extensive research on water mist fire extinguishing technology. This paper makes a review of the development and research results of the water mist.
Basic principles of the mechanism of ensuring social and economic security
Authors: Shvaiba D.
Published: February 2019

The choice of the hierarchical principle of the structural organization of the mechanism of ensuring socio–economic security is consistent with the presentation of the role of its components in the regulation of financial and economic processes. Thus, in the performance of the functions of defence, the role of the components of the mechanism in the schemes of direct and current relations, information channels, management conclusions and administrative work is inevitable. Apart from this, the inter-element relations of the mechanism of ensuring social and economic security are mediated by financial and economic relations and, first of all, commodity–money, which is based on the coordination and specific subordination of financial and economic interests. This means that the process of ensuring social and economic security must not be strictly subordinate to the hierarchy of public administration, and be one of its intensive components, which plays a dual role. On the one hand, it has the ability to be needed as the 1st of the methods of implementation of the state financial and economic interests. But, on the other hand, the method is intended to act as a “signal link” to adjust the provisions of the financial and economic policy in an environment of large-scale dangers, which to some extent refutes its subordination to the previously adopted management conclusions. For example, the study of the structuring of the mechanism of ensuring social and economic security implemented in the Republic of Belarus shows its obvious subordinate nature in the system of public administration. In particular, the element distribution of the presented mechanism was made in coordination with the hierarchy of the management system of economic entities. This means that its capabilities are used only to some extent due to the level of restrictions in the implementation of socio-economic security. Level limitation of the control system leads to the fact that financial and economic regulators of the state and functioning of mesostructures have all chances to be “included” in an absolute measure at the macro level and only partly — at the micro level.
Developing the regulatory and legislative framework for accounting in the context of structural changes in the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Satyvaldyeva D.
Published: February 2019

This article addresses the issues of proper formation of production costs, by improving the regulatory framework of accounting. And also analyzed some sections, paragraphs and clauses of the Regulation on the composition of costs, where, according to the author, there are flaws and uncertainties. Based on the results of scientific research, opinions, arguments and suggestions for improving the regulatory and legislative documents on the accounting of costs for the organization and management of production are set forth.
Legal policy of the Kyrgyz Republic: main priorities, implementation practice, resulting outcomes
Authors: Djumagulov A.
Published: February 2019

The article analyzes the current problems of the formation and implementation of the legal policy of the Kyrgyz Republic, constitutional and legal reforms and their impact on the legal life of the State. The current legal policy is gradually acquiring clear and clear outlines for the population and the world community, becoming real, theoretically and practically grounded, meeting the interests of the people and the state.
Conflict regulation of the conclusion and dissolution of marriage
Authors: Chibirikova S.
Published: February 2019

The article deals with issues affecting the resolution of disputes in the field of marriage and family relations, which are complicated by a foreign element: the right to be applied to the conclusion, as well as the dissolution of the marriage. The analysis of fundamental acts that regulate marital relations at the international level, as well as national legislation. There are indicated collision bindings at marriage, as well as examples of the rule of law in practice when a marriage is dissolved between Russian and foreign citizens.
Influence of psychodynamic properties to progress in studies of students
Authors: Sotnikov B. , Sologubova T. , Kondrateva E.
Published: February 2019

The dependence between progress in studies of students and their psychodynamic properties (properties of the temperament) was investigated in this exploration. It was found that academic success depends on the speed of psychical reactions. Our investigations indicated that the higher rate, the higher academic success. This dependence extends to female persons. We provided methodological recommendations for improving academic success in this work.
Actualization of mental hygiene in teaching schoolchildren
Authors: Goldman S. , Kakadiy I.
Published: February 2019

This article describes the function of the nervous system of the child on the digestibility of new knowledge in school. Describes the correctness of the construction of the educational process for the best mental work ability. We study the mental hygiene of labor, the protection and strengthening of the mental health of schoolchildren.
Religious-mythological text from the position of precedence
Authors: Galieva M.
Published: February 2019

The article covers the problem of precedency of religious–mythological text and its main characteristics. Religious–mythological text is characterized by permanent axiological value both for universal and national cultures and this fact conditions its belonging to the core of “strong” texts. Religious–mythological texts are cognitively and linguoculturally significant units. Being a source of precedency represented in the literary text on the basis of mechanism of intertextuality with the help of allusion, religious-mythological text activates in a reader’s mind knowledge structures of mythological and religious character. The results of investigation showed that religious and mythological texts possess all characteristics of precedent text: a) notability and universal character; b) frequent use; c) reinterpretation; d) axiological significance; e) symbolical and imagery character; f) national–cultural specifics; g) cognitive significance.
Tamil Takes Centre Stage: Tradition and Modernity in Indian Television
Authors: Chitrapu Sunitha
Published: February 2019

This paper draws attention to the role of language in mediated modernities in India through an analysis of Sirappu Pattimandram (Special Debate), a Tamil-language debate show on the politically-affiliated corporate Sun TV network in the state of Tamil Nadu in southern India. The show provides an opportunity for the articulation of anxieties over how social and economic changes affect the private lives of Tamil speakers. These anxieties are contained through the use of Tamil-language oratory which recasts quotidian everyday problems in an ancient literary idiom that provides reassurance through imagined continuity with a glorious past.
Minorities in Indian Urdu News: Ahmadis, Journalistic Practice and Mediated Muslim Identity
Authors: Amanullah Arshad
Published: February 2019

A case study of a protest campaign against the Ahmadiyya community in Punjab and its coverage in Urdu language news media of India, this paper locates its narrative at the intersection of media, politics and religion. It seeks to advance the field theory project beyond western media systems by applying it to Indian Urdu news. It demonstrates that the religious field is a neighbouring field of Urdu news and the former wields powerful influence over the latter. Moreover, the religious field with the help of news media uses politics to have its voice heard. The paper specifically reads into the manner in which Urdu dailies covered Majlis Ahrar-e Islam Hind’s (a Muslim interest group) protest campaign to cancel Pranab Mukherjee’s (then Finance Minister of India) visit to Qadian, Punjab in 2009. He was set to participate in an annual function of the Ahmadis who are a persecuted minority group among Muslims. The protest campaign, with an active support of Urdu dailies, got transformed into a media campaign against the Ahmadis and was successful in getting the Minister’s visit cancelled.   The paper investigates the dynamics of collaboration between Urdu news and the ulama that made possible transformation of anti-Ahmadi campaign into a media campaign. It attempts to elucidate the uncritical support that Majlis Ahrar-e Islam Hind received from Urdu dailies. For this purpose, it delves into normative structure of Urdu news field and its journalistic practices. It draws attention to their implications for Indian Muslim identity.
Using Breach Experiments to Explore Price Setting in Everyday Economic Locations
Authors: Neyland Daniel , Gasparin Marta , Siu Lucia
Published: February 2019

This paper draws inspiration from the breach experiments of Garfinkel as a basis for exploring the naturally occurring order of price setting in locations without an institutionalised single price rule. We organised two experiments (at a flea market in Copenhagen and boot sale in Oxford) to study price setting. The findings suggest that members of price setting interactions accountably, demonstrably and reflexively accomplish a regularly repeated order to price setting through constitutive expectancies and the congruence of relevances that are made available within interactions. In conclusion we suggest that our experiments proved to have analytic utility in bringing gently structured comparisons to the fore. The experiments provided us with the opportunity to engage with the basis for price setting in different everyday economic locations and we felt that this was the opening to a mode of research that has future potential.
Special Issue “ECO-COMPASS: Ecological and Multifunctional Composites for Application in Aircraft Interior and Secondary Structures”
Authors: Yi Xiaosu , Tserpes Konstantinos
Published: February 2019

Today, composite aircraft structural parts are mainly made of man-made materials, such as carbon and glass fibres and epoxy resin [...]
Research into the E-Learning Model of Agriculture Technology Companies: Analysis by Deep Learning
Authors: Lin Chi-Hsuan , Wang Wei-Chuan , Liu Chun-Yung , Pan Po-Nien , Pan Hou-Ru
Published: February 2019

With the advancement of technology, the traditional e-learning model may expand the realm of knowledge and differentiate learning by means of deep learning (DL) and augmented reality (AR) scenarios. These scenarios make use of interactive interfaces that incorporate various operating methods, angles, perceptions, and experiences, and also draw on multimedia content and active interactive models. Modern education emphasizes that learning should occur in the process of constructing knowledge scenarios and should proceed through learning scenarios and activities. Compared to traditional “spoon-feeding” education, the model learning scenario is initiated with the learner at the center, allowing the person involved in the learning activity to solve problems and further develop their individual capabilities through exploring, thinking and a series of interactions and feedback. This study examined how students in the agriculture technological industry make use of AR digital learning to develop their industry-related knowledge and techniques to become stronger and more mature so that they unconsciously apply these techniques as employees, as well as encouraging innovative thought and methods to create new value for the enterprise.
Ovariectomy Impairs Socio-Cognitive Functions in Dogs
Authors: Scandurra Anna , Alterisio Alessandra , Di Cosmo Anna , D’Ambrosio Antonio , D’Aniello Biagio
Published: February 2019

Recent studies have underlined the effect of ovariectomy on the spatial cognition of female dogs, with ovariectomized dogs showing a clear preference for an egocentric rather than an allocentric navigation strategy whereas intact females did not show preferences. Intact females had better performances than gonadectomized females in solving a learning task in a maze. Ovariectomy also affects socio-cognitive abilities, reducing the dog’s level of attention on the owner. We tested dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in the object choice task paradigm to assess whether an ovariectomy could impair females’ ability to follow human signals. Forty pet dogs (18 intact females (IF) and 22 gonadectomized females (GF)) were tested in the object choice task paradigm using the human proximal pointing gesture. For the analysis, the frequency of correct, wrong and no-choices was collected; moreover, the latency of the correct choices was also considered. The IF group followed the pointing gestures more often than the GF group and with a lower latency, whereas a significantly higher no-choice frequency was recorded for the GF group. These results show a detrimental effect of ovariectomy on dogs’ socio-cognitive skills related to the responsiveness to human pointing gestures.
Milk Yield, Milk Composition, and the Nutritive Value of Feed Accessed Varies with Milking Order for Pasture-Based Dairy Cattle
Authors: Dias Kamila , Garcia Sergio , Islam Mohammed (Rafiq) , Clark Cameron
Published: February 2019

(1) Background: Pasture varies in its chemical composition from the top of the sward to the base and cattle prefer to eat the leaf fraction. In pasture-based dairy systems, cattle predominantly walk back to pasture voluntarily after each milking, with the first cattle arriving to pasture hours before the last. Here we study the impact of pasture composition according to milking order on milk yield and milk composition for dairy cattle offered grazed ryegrass pasture. (2) Methods: In the first experiment, individual cow milk yield data were recorded on six farms over 8 months. The herd was divided into groups of 50 cows for analysis according to milking order. In the second experiment, the impact of milking order on milk composition and pasture composition accessed was determined in addition to milk yield on three farms. (3) Results: After accounting for age and stage of lactation effects, cattle milked first in experiment 1 produced, on average, 4.5 L/cow/day (+18%; range 14 to 29%) more than cattle milked last. In experiment 2, dairy cattle milked first (first 50 cows) in farm 1 had greater milk, protein, and solids non-fat (SNF) yield; and less lactose content than those milked last (last 50 cows). In farm 2, dairy cattle milked first had greater milk yield, SNF yield, lactose yield, and fat yield; but less protein and SNF content than cattle milked last. In farm 3, cattle milked first produced milk with greater fat and protein content than cattle milked last. In line with these differences in milk yield and composition, the composition of pasture across vertical strata differed, particularly for crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content. Conclusion: This work highlights the opportunity to increase herd nutrient use efficiency for improved milk production through strategic pasture allowance and supplementation strategies.
Cellular Spheroids of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Perspectives in Future Healthcare
Authors: Han Hao-Wei , Asano Shigetaka , Hsu Shan-hui
Published: February 2019

Intrinsic cellular properties of several types of cells are dramatically altered as the culture condition shifts from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) environment. Currently, several lines of evidence have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine. MSCs not only replenish the lost cells, they also promote the regeneration of impaired tissues by modulating the immune responses. Following the development of 3D cell culture, the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of spheroid-forming MSCs have been identified in several animal disease models by promoting differentiation or trophic factor secretion, as compared to planar-cultured MSCs. Due to the complicated and multifunctional applications in the medical field, MSCs are recently named as medicinal signaling cells. In this review, we summarize the predominant differences of cell–environment interactions for the MSC spheroids formed by chitosan-based substrates and other scaffold-free approaches. Furthermore, several important physical and chemical factors affecting cell behaviors in the cell spheroids are discussed. Currently, the understanding of MSCs spheroid interactions is continuously expanding. Overall, this article aims to review the broad advantages and perspectives of MSC spheroids in regenerative medicine and in future healthcare.
First-Principles Prediction of Skyrmionic Phase Behavior in GdFe2 Films Capped by 4d and 5d Transition Metals
Authors: Jekal Soyoung , Danilo Andreas , Phuong Dao , Zheng Xiao
Published: February 2019

In atomic GdFe 2 films capped by 4d and 5d transition metals, we show that skyrmions with diameters smaller than 12 nm can emerge. The Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI), exchange energy, and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) energy were investigated based on density functional theory. Since DMI and MCA are caused by spin–orbit coupling (SOC), they are increased with 5d capping layers which exhibit strong SOC strength. We discover a skyrmion phase by using atomistic spin dynamic simulations at small magnetic fields of ∼1 T. In addition, a ground state that a spin spiral phase is remained even at zero magnetic field for both films with 4d and 5d capping layers.
Impact of Texture Information on Crop Classification with Machine Learning and UAV Images
Authors: Kwak Geun-Ho , Park No-Wook
Published: February 2019

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images that can provide thematic information at much higher spatial and temporal resolutions than satellite images have great potential in crop classification. Due to the ultra-high spatial resolution of UAV images, spatial contextual information such as texture is often used for crop classification. From a data availability viewpoint, it is not always possible to acquire time-series UAV images due to limited accessibility to the study area. Thus, it is necessary to improve classification performance for situations when a single or minimum number of UAV images are available for crop classification. In this study, we investigate the potential of gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM)-based texture information for crop classification with time-series UAV images and machine learning classifiers including random forest and support vector machine. In particular, the impact of combining texture and spectral information on the classification performance is evaluated for cases that use only one UAV image or multi-temporal images as input. A case study of crop classification in Anbandegi of Korea was conducted for the above comparisons. The best classification accuracy was achieved when multi-temporal UAV images which can fully account for the growth cycles of crops were combined with GLCM-based texture features. However, the impact of the utilization of texture information was not significant. In contrast, when one August UAV image was used for crop classification, the utilization of texture information significantly affected the classification performance. Classification using texture features extracted from GLCM with larger kernel size significantly improved classification accuracy, an improvement of 7.72%p in overall accuracy for the support vector machine classifier, compared with classification based solely on spectral information. These results indicate the usefulness of texture information for classification of ultra-high-spatial-resolution UAV images, particularly when acquisition of time-series UAV images is difficult and only one UAV image is used for crop classification.
Exhaust Gas Characteristics According to the Injection Conditions in Diesel and DME Engines
Authors: Yang Seamoon , Lee Changhee
Published: February 2019

In this paper, the effect of high-pressure injection pressure on particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions is discussed. Many studies have been conducted by active researchers on high-pressure engines; however, the problem of reducing PM and NOx emissions is still not solved. Therefore, in the existing diesel (compression ignition) engines, the common rail high-pressure injection system has limitations in reducing PM and NOx emissions. Accordingly, to solve the exhaust gas emission problem of a compression ignition engine, a compression ignition engine using an alternative fuel is discussed. This study was conducted to optimize the dimethyl ether (DME) engine system, which can satisfy the emission gas exhaust requirements that cannot be satisfied by the current common rail diesel compression ignition engine in terms of efficiency and exhaust gas using DME common rail compression ignition engine. Based on the results of this study on diesel and DME engines under common rail conditions, the changes in engine performance and emission characteristics of exhaust gases with respect to the injection pressure and injection rate were examined. The emission characteristics of NOx, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were affected by the injection pressure of pilot injection. Under these conditions, the exhaust gas characteristics were optimized when the pilot injection period and needle lift were varied.
A Review of Facial Landmark Extraction in 2D Images and Videos Using Deep Learning
Authors: Bodini Matteo
Published: February 2019

The task of facial landmark extraction is fundamental in several applications which involve facial analysis, such as facial expression analysis, identity and face recognition, facial animation, and 3D face reconstruction. Taking into account the most recent advances resulting from deep-learning techniques, the performance of methods for facial landmark extraction have been substantially improved, even on in-the-wild datasets. Thus, this article presents an updated survey on facial landmark extraction on 2D images and video, focusing on methods that make use of deep-learning techniques. An analysis of many approaches comparing the performances is provided. In summary, an analysis of common datasets, challenges, and future research directions are provided.
Saliva, a Magic Biofluid Available for Multilevel Assessment and a Mirror of General Health—A Systematic Review
Authors: Ilea Aranka , Andrei Vlad , Feurdean Claudia , Băbțan Anida-Maria , Petrescu Nausica , Câmpian Radu , Boșca Adina , Ciui Bianca , Tertiș Mihaela , Săndulescu Robert , Cristea Cecilia
Published: February 2019

Background: Saliva has been recently proposed as an alternative to classic biofluid analyses due to both availability and reliability regarding the evaluation of various biomarkers. Biosensors have been designed for the assessment of a wide spectrum of compounds, aiding in the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of pathologies and treatment efficiency. This literature review aims to present the development in the biosensors research and their utility using salivary assessment. Methods: a comprehensive literature search has been conducted in the PubMed database, using the keywords “saliva” and “sensor”. A two-step paper selection algorithm was devised and applied. Results: The 49 papers selected for the present review focused on assessing the salivary biomarkers used in general diseases, oral pathologies, and pharmacology. The biosensors proved to be reliable tools for measuring the salivary levels of biochemical metabolic compounds such as glucose, proteinases and proteins, heavy metals and various chemical compounds, microorganisms, oncology markers, drugs, and neurotransmitters. Conclusions: Saliva is a biofluid with a significant clinical applicability for the evaluation and monitoring of a patient’s general health. Biosensors designed for assessing a wide range of salivary biomarkers are emerging as promising diagnostic or screening tools for improving the patients’ quality of life.
Corticospinal Excitability to the Biceps Brachii is Not Different When Arm Cycling at a Self-Selected or Fixed Cadence
Authors: Lockyer Evan J. , Nippard Anna P. , Kean Kaitlyn , Hollohan Nicole , Button Duane C. , Power Kevin E.
Published: February 2019

Background: The present study compared corticospinal excitability to the biceps brachii muscle during arm cycling at a self-selected and a fixed cadence (SSC and FC, respectively). We hypothesized that corticospinal excitability would not be different between the two conditions. Methods: The SSC was initially performed and the cycling cadence was recorded every 5 s for one minute. The average cadence of the SSC cycling trial was then used as a target for the FC of cycling that the participants were instructed to maintain. The motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex were recorded from the biceps brachii during each trial of SSC and FC arm cycling. Results: Corticospinal excitability, as assessed via normalized MEP amplitudes (MEPs were made relative to a maximal compound muscle action potential), was not different between groups. Conclusions: Focusing on maintaining a fixed cadence during arm cycling does not influence corticospinal excitability, as assessed via TMS-evoked MEPs.
Integrating Energy Efficiency into the Municipal Procurement Process of Buildings—Whose Responsibility?
Authors: Vinokurov Mihail , Grönman Kaisa , Hammo Simo , Soukka Risto , Luoranen Mika
Published: February 2019

This study addresses the challenges in ensuring energy efficiency and high indoor climate quality with efficient use of public money in the municipal building procurement process. Energy efficient municipal building procurement provides a significant leverage when steering the built environment towards the low-carbon economy targets of the EU. Municipal building department professionals need more skills and knowledge to appropriately define the requirements and identify the energy efficient design options accounting for the building’s changing operational environment. This study presents how to systematically integrate energy efficiency in the municipal procurement process of buildings by presenting the list of energy efficiency factors to be included into the procurement process. This list of factors clarifies how indoor climate quality, energy use, and the life cycle economy are related through technological solutions and how the optimal compromise solution can be determined. Furthermore, this list of factors explains the responsibilities in integrating energy efficiency within the municipal building procurement process. Applied in the design of the municipal building the list of factors contributes to more informed and transparent decision-making process.
Responsive Parametric Building Free Forms Determined by Their Elastically Transformed Steel Shell Roofs
Authors: Prokopska Aleksandra , Abramczyk Jacek
Published: February 2019

The article concerns the unconventional architectural forms of buildings roofed with transformed shells made up of thin-walled steel fold sheets, and a parametric description of how they are shaped. Complicated deformations of flanges and webs, as well as the complex static–strength work of the folds in a shell roof, demand the creation of simplified models regarding the parameterization of such shells and their integration with the general forms of the buildings. To obtain favorable results, it was necessary to write computer applications because of both the complicated problems related to the significant limitations of the transformations, as well as the great possibilities of shaping shell roofs by means of directrices of almost free shape and mutual position. The developed procedures enable the prediction of shapes and states of all the folds in the designed shell. They take account of two basic conditions related to these restrictions, which guarantee that the folds encounter little resistance when matching their transformed forms to the roof directrices, and that their initial effort was as low as possible. The developed procedures required solving a number of issues in the fields of architecture, civil engineering, and structures, and are illustrated with an example of shaping one unconventional architectural form. The interdisciplinary study explains a new insight into shaping such forms.
Fluorinated and Platinized Titania as Effective Materials in the Photocatalytic Treatment of Dyestuffs and Stained Wastewater Coming from Handicrafts Factories
Authors: Murcia Julie Joseane , Cely Ángela Carolina , Rojas Hugo Alfonso , Hidalgo María Carmen , Navío José Antonio
Published: February 2019

In this study, commercial and lab-prepared TiO2 were modified by fluorination and platinum photodeposition; and the effect of these modifications over the physicochemical and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 was evaluated. It was found that F and Pt addition leads to the modification of the optical and textural properties of TiO2. The materials prepared were tested in the photocatalytic degradation of different organic dyestuffs such as methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO); the degradation of commercial anilines employed in the staining of natural fibers was also evaluated. Photocatalysis was also studied in this work as an eco-friendly treatment of wastewater coming from handicrafts factories. In general it was observed that the effectiveness of the photocatalytic treatment strongly depends on the substrate to be degraded, thus, fluorinated and platinized commercial Titania (Pt-F-P25) showed the best photocatalytic performance in the MB and MO photodegradation and in contrast, in the case of the anilines the highest degradation was obtained over commercial TiO2 fluorinated (F-P25). These results can be explained by differences observed in the structure and in the adsorption of these dyestuffs over the photocatalysts surfaces. F-P25 photocatalyst also demonstrated to be the best material for the treatment of real wastewater coming from handicrafts factories.