bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prokhorov distance with rates of convergence under sublinear expectations
Authors: Zhou Qianqian , Sakhanenko Aleksandr Ivanovich , Guo Junyi
Published: October 2020

Изучаются расстояния Прохорова относительно сублинейных математических ожиданий в центральной предельной теореме (ЦПТ) и в функциональной ЦПТ; для них с помощью метода Линдеберга устанавливаются скорости сходимости. В частности, полученная оценка в функциональной ЦПТ дает известную оценку Боровкова в классической ЦПТ с константой в явном виде.
Сходимость некоторых классов случайных полетов в метрике Канторовича
Authors: Konakov Valentin Dmitrievich , Falaleev A. R.
Published: October 2020

В этой статье мы рассмотрим случайное блуждание частицы в $\mathbf{R}^d$. Слабая сходимость различных преобразований траекторий случайных полетов с пуассоновскими моментами переключения была изучена в работе [3]. Кроме того, там же была построена диффузионная аппроксимация случайных полетов. Цель настоящей работы - доказать более сильную сходимость в терминах расстояния Канторовича. Рассматриваются три типа преобразований, случаи экспоненциального и сверхэкспоненциального роста функции преобразования моментов переключения достаточно просты, и результат следует из того, что предельные процессы принадлежат единичному шару, а в случае показательного роста функции преобразования факт сходимости следует из комбинаторных рассуждений и свойств метрики Канторовича.
An Efficient Intelligent Power Detection Method for Photovoltaic System
Authors: Mansour Ayman M. , Abdallah Jalal , Obeidat Mohammad A.
Published: October 2020

Jordan has experienced a significant increase in both peak load and annual electricity demand within the last decade due to the growth of the economy and population. Photovoltaic (PV) system is one of the most popular renewable energy source in Jordan. PV system is highly nonlinear with unpredictable behavior since it is always subject to many external factors such as severe weather conditions, irradiance level, sheds, temperature, etc. This makes it difficult to maintain maximum power production around its operation ranges. In this paper, an intelligent technique is used to predict and identify the working ability of the PV system under different weather factors in Tafila Technical University (TTU) in Jordan. It helps in optimizing power productions for different operation points. The PV system in Tafila with size 1 MWp PV generated 5.4 GWh since 2017. It saves about € 1.5 million in three years. A real power data from the PV system and a weather data from world weather online site of TTU location are used in this study. Decision tree technique is employed to identify the relation between the output power and weather factors. The results show that the system accuracy is 82.01% during the training phase and 93.425 % on the validation set.
O romance O vice-rei de Uidá, de Bruce Chatwin, e o filme Cobra verde, de Werner Herzog:
Authors: Cardoso Ribas Maria Cristina , Castro de Alencar Mariana
Published: October 2020

Este artigo tem como proposta compreender a relação entre as obras O Vice-Rei de Uidá (1980), romance do autor inglês Bruce Chatwin, e sua respectiva adaptação cinematográfica, Cobra Verde (1987), do cineasta alemão Werner Herzog, produtos artísticos potentes, resultantes do processo artístico de sujeitos transgressores em suas vidas e em seus modos de operar. E ao observar as escolhas feitas por Herzog no processo de transposição midiática do livro para o filme, analisar as estratégias de ressignificação do texto fonte e também os novos sentidos e ganhos mútuos advindos da relação entre literatura e cinema.
Comunicação organizacional e sustentabilidade
Authors: Sólio Marlene Branca
Published: October 2020

Este artigo pretende refletir sobre o cenário social, político e econômico contemporâneo, relacionando-o ao sensível avanço tecnológico e à crescente influência de empresas/organizações/corporações sobre o comportamento da sociedade. Considera especialmente o período delimitado entre a segunda metade do século XX e os dias atuais, elegendo como objeto de análise o Relatório de Sustentabilidade 2014 e o site da empresa Natura, uma das 0 selecionadas no ranking Maiores e Melhores promovido pela revista Exame. A pesquisa busca, a partir das 10 heurísticas de Nielsen, analisar principalmente aspectos de usabilidade do mencionado relatório, relacionando a presença ou não dessa característica ao esforço da empresa, no sentido de promover interatividade com seus públicos, princípio básico de uma empresa que contempla ações de Sustentabilidade e Responsabilidade Social Empresarial.
Berlin Wall to Mexico Wall: The Drama of Neoliberalism
Authors: Alam Minhaj , T. Ayanie Fikadu
Published: October 2020

This article is meant to analyze the origin, evolution and current status of neoliberalism with special focus on the shift that has been observed in the main-stream political ideology of capitalism. An explanatory research approach was employed by relying on secondary sources of data to explain the rise and fall of neoliberalism and its dynamics and uncertain journey in an allegory of destruction of the Berlin Wall to the construction of Mexico wall. The review revealed that the neoliberal ideology which was once projected as a panacea for the liberation of human dignity, autonomy, choice, voluntary exchange, freedom to compete in markets and personal empowerment is no more relevant and workable as it was during the 1970s. The shreds of evidence further brought out that champions of neoliberalism were more engaged in the arms race, religious polarization, terrorism vs. anti-terrorism, mainstream ideological rivalry, politics of oil under the garb of democracy and market economy. A paradigm shift was also observed as a hallmark in this paper when the messiah of neoliberalism shifted to protectionism which is symbolized by the strong zeal to construct the Mexico Wall. This paradigm shift took place now when free-trade ideology started to signify a trend of integration among the countries of the South and when a significant rise of Emerging Markets has been taking place. It concluded that the holiness of market-oriented ideology proved to be an unholy affair.
Aspectos de incompatibilidade jurídica associados ao dever de imparcialidade e cumulação de funções nos processos administrativos sancionadores nas Procuradorias Gerais dos Estados
Authors: Pereira da Mota Mauricio Jorge , Da Costa Lins Filho Roberto Hugo
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de estabelecer um panorama sobre o desvio de poder e o dever de imparcialidade nos processos administrativos sancionadores, particularmente no que pertine à incompatibilidade jurídica de cumulação da função pública de julgador em processos administrativos sancionadores com a representação de classe. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa do sentido contemporâneo da objetividade do desvio de poder no que concerne ao dever de imparcialidade do julgador nos processos administrativos disciplinares, consistindo em um estudo exploratório sobre matéria, sobre a qual ainda não existem muitas reflexões teóricas. Essa matéria é o conflito de interesses que eventualmente pode surgir entre as funções de representar e julgar um representado em um processo administrativo sancionador. Discute-se a falta de imparcialidade em sentido objetivo, sua delimitação, as análises doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais sobre o assunto e busca-se estabelecer algumas conclusões práticas úteis sobre esse problema teórico.
O princípio da transparência e seus desafios na aplicabilidade orçamentária, e breves considerações sobre o Covid-19
Authors: Cerqueira Reis de Carvalho Vanessa
Published: October 2020

A Sociedade está convivendo com o Covid-19 em toda sua extensão e mazelas. Esse trabalho se divide em três desafios para enfrentar as questões orçamentárias e financeiras da saúde, em decorrência da escassez de recursos, tendo como força motora o princípio da transparência, advindo da moralidade, na única forma de solução do que já enfrentamos e o que ainda está por vir.
Parecer nº. 09/1990 – MJVS: Bondes de Santa Teresa
Authors: Juruena Villela Souto Marcos
Published: October 2020

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A study to observe the effects of physiotherapy with and without manual therapy in the management postural neck pain: a randomized control trial
Authors: Rubab Jawed  , Muhammad Fareed Nasir  , Nabeel Naeem Baig  , Maryam Younus  , Ayesha Arshad  , Aisha Tahir
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: To compare the effects of physiotherapy with and without manual therapy in the management of postural neck pain.

Method: The randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Physiotherapy Department of South City Hospital, Karachi, from September 2017 to July 2018, and comprised subjects with >6 months of neck pain with no related medical dysfunction. The patients were enrolled by non-probability consecutive sampling technique and   randomly divided into Group A and Group B using computer-generated numbers. Group A received physiotherapy along with manual therapy, while Group B only had physiotherapy. Group A was also taught a home exercise programme. A printed exercise sheet was provided with frequency and repetition details. Visual analogue scale for pain intensity level and neck disability index were used to measure outcome at 3rd and 12th week. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.

Results: Of the 60 subjects, there were 30(50%) in each of the two groups. The mean age in Group A was 32.77±7.44 years and it was 32.53±7.9 years in Group B. Overall, there were 21(35%) males and 39(65%) females. Significant reduction in pain intensity and neck disability levels at 3 and 12 weeks was noted compared to baseline (p<0.05). Inter-group comparison at final follow-up showed better Group A results compared to Group B (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Physiotherapy with manual therapy was found to be better compared to physiotherapy alone.

Key Words: Neck pain, Visual analogue scale, Neck disability index, Manual therapy, Exercise. Continuous...
Report Annexes
Authors: Int IWC
Published: October 2020

n/a
Aspects of the reproductive biology, movements and site fidelity of right whales off Australia
Authors: R. Burnell Stephen
Published: October 2020

Between 1991 and 1997 right whales were studied on their wintering grounds on the southern coastline of Australia, predominantly at theHead of the Great Australian Bight, where over 350 individuals have been identified. The observed mean inter-calf interval for females was3.33±0.10 years (±SE, n = 57) at the Head of the Bight and 3.64±0.13 years (±SE, n = 117) in the wider Australian population. Wheninter-calf intervals of six or more years were excluded, the mean intervals became 3.28±0.09 years (±SE, n = 56) and 3.28±0.06 years (±SE,n = 107), respectively. Inter-calf intervals of two years were recorded following the early death of a neonate on two separate occasions andthe implications of these ‘shortened’ intervals and of calvings that were not observed are discussed. The mean age at which yearlings wereobserved to be fully weaned was calculated to be 365±8 days (±SE, n = 18) from the estimated birth dates of individual calves andsubsequent associations, or lack of them, between the yearlings and their cows the following year. A total of 108 movements greater than200km in length were made by individual whales. The mean within-year movement was 730±84 km, made over 34±4 days (±SE, n = 18),whilst the mean between-year movement was 1,036±45km (±SE, n = 87), made over a mean interval of 3.3±0.3 years (±SE, n = 90). Thenumber and direction of coastal movements observed suggest that the right whales off southern Australia comprise a single populationwhich may undertake an almost circular, anti-clockwise migration to the south of the Australian continent. A significantly greaterproportion of females displayed a level of between-year fidelity to the Head of the Bight aggregation area (92%, n = 61) than did males(68%, n = 19) or whales of unknown sex (63%, n = 8).
A note on a prototype system for simple computer-assisted matching of individually identified southern right whales, Eubalaena australis
Authors: Burnell Stephen R. , Shanahan David
Published: October 2020

A system using computer assistance in the matching of the callosity patterns of individual southern right whales is described. Whenprovided with a digitised representation of an individual whale’s callosity pattern, the prototype system produces a hierarchical output ofthe most similar patterns in the database with relatively high accuracy. A trial database of binary images of the callosity patterns of 165individually identified southern right whales was created. A further two replicates each of nine different individual whales within the trialdatabase, were then created by two different operators, producing a test set of 18 images. A software program, utilising a pattern recognitionalgorithm and incorporating a mouse driven user interface, was developed so that when provided with a binary bitmap of an individualwhale from the test set, the program compares it against a trial database of previously saved bitmaps and produces a hierarchical outputof the most similar whales, or nearest ‘matches’. For 15 of the 18 test images (83%), the system returned the correct whale as the top matchout of the 165 in the trial database. For the remaining three test images the correct whale was the second, sixth and sixteenth ranked whalein the trial database containing 165 whales. The program was successful in reducing the number of individuals required for manualcomparison to a small percentage of the total catalogue, with a high degree of accuracy, and with a significant associated time saving. Itis envisaged that the final matching will continue to be done visually by an experienced operator using the original photographs. Furtherrefinement of the system with the aim of streamlining and simplifying the input process and incorporating partial pattern recognition isintended.
A note on an automated system for matching the callosity patterns on aerial photographs of southern right whales
Authors: Hiby Lex , Lovell Phil
Published: October 2020

Photographs showing the callosity patterns of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) are currently compared by eye to identifyindividuals and monitor their occurrence within certain areas. This paper describes software designed to reduce the number of by eyecomparisons required to maintain each of the existing local photo-identification catalogues. The software is used to extract, from eachphotograph, a viewpoint-independent description of the shape and location of each callosity which generates a parallel catalogue of extracts.This is then compared with the description extracted from each new photograph to generate a list of similarity scores and thus highlightlikely matches. The software can also be used to compare the different catalogues of extracts with each other. Using a test set of 67photographs of 23 whales taken from 1974 to 1986, the software reduced the number of by eye comparisons required to identify allindividuals by 93% when compared with a purely random search.
Preliminary estimates of whaling-induced mortality in the 19th century North Pacific right whale (Eubalaena japonicus) fishery, adjusting for struck-but-lost whales and non-American whaling
Authors: Scarff James E.
Published: October 2020

This study develops preliminary estimates of total whaling-induced mortality of northern right whales in the 19th century North Pacificpelagic whale fishery. Best’s (1987) study of American whaling returns resulted in estimates of the total American catch of 14,480 and15,374 northern right whales during the period 1839-1909. The present study offers adjustment factors to estimate total mortality from thesecatch data. Quantitative data from 14 pelagic expeditions for northern right whales in the North Pacific from 1838-1860 and additionalanecdotal information about struck-but-lost animals is reviewed. On 12 voyages, 327 northern right whales were struck with harpoons, butonly 133 landed. Adjusted for the subsequent recovery of struck whales, this implies a ratio of 2.43 whales struck for each whale eventuallysecured and flensed by whaleships. Data from four voyages show that of 148 northern right whales struck with harpoons, 14 sank beforethey could be processed. From a sample of five voyages, 80 northern right whales were landed and 31 carcasses sank without being secured.During the height of pelagic whaling in the North Pacific, approximately 10% of the fleet was non-American, primarily French. Adjustingrecorded catch estimates for struck-but-lost mortality and non-American whaling yields preliminary estimates of total mortality in thisfishery in the range of 26,500-37,000 animals during the period 1839-1909. In the single decade of 1840-49, between 21,000-30,000northern right whales may have been killed in the North Pacific, Sea of Okhotsk and Bering Sea, representing about 80% of the northernright whales killed in this region during the period 1839-1909.
Migration and foraging strategies at varying spatial scales in western North Atlantic right whales: a review of hypotheses
Authors: Kenney Robert D. , Mayo Charles A. , Winn Howard E.
Published: October 2020

Western North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) utilise several important foraging habitats off the northeastern United States andeastern Canada, where they feed on dense patches of zooplankton. At a fundamental level, a right whale’s optimal strategy should be tolocate and exploit the prey patches with the highest net energetic return from foraging. There remain many questions, however, concerningtheir migration and foraging strategies and the environmental cues and sensory modalities involved in migration and foraging, all of whichare likely to vary at different spatial scales. For example, a right whale most likely uses different mechanisms and strategies for locationof primary feeding grounds than those used for detection of optimum prey patches within a feeding area. This paper proposes a multi-scaled,hierarchical, conceptual model of right whale migratory and foraging strategies and presents a variety of hypotheses concerning themechanisms involved. Right whales may return to the general area of their feeding grounds based on prior experience. The locations ofsuccessful foraging in the immediately preceding years are likely to be re-visited, as are habitats to which an animal was exposed whileaccompanying its mother during its first year of life. It is also possible that the whales utilise large- or medium-scale environmental cues,such as currents, temperature discontinuities, or salinity signals indicating coastal plumes, to locate likely areas of high zooplankton patchdensity. Whilst on their feeding grounds, right whales tend to be aggregated, but there are usually outliers which may represent occasionalexcursions in search of other prey patches, though there is currently no evidence to address whether they communicate information aboutprey to other individuals. Their behaviour whilst actively feeding indicates that they can detect differences in patch density and adjust theirbehaviour accordingly. A likely sensory mechanism for quantification of patch density and triggering of feeding behaviour would be thevibrissae around the anterior opening of the mouth.
Sighting heterogeneity of right whales in the western North Atlantic: 1980-1992
Authors: Brown Moira W. , Brault Solange , Hamilton Philip K. , Kenney Robert D. , Knowlton Amy R. , K. Marx Marilyn , A. Mayo Charles , Slay Christopher K. , Kraus Scott D.
Published: October 2020

The population of western North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) is distributed primarily between Florida, USA and NovaScotia, Canada, aggregating seasonally in five geographically distinct, high-use areas. To test the effectiveness of monitoring alldemographic classes (juvenile and adult males and females) of the population in these five habitat areas, an evaluation was carried out ofthe identification records of catalogued right whales collected between 1980 and 1992, for which the age, sex and reproductive status (foradult females) were known. The mean annual identification frequency of adult females was significantly lower than that of adult males,juvenile females and juvenile males. Among adult females, reproductively active females were seen significantly more often than expectedwhen lactating (with a calf) than during their pregnancy or resting years. These data suggest that, while research efforts in the five high-usehabitat areas have had relatively equal success at monitoring juvenile males and females and adult males, many adult females are segregatedat times from the rest of the population. Lower variability in annual identification frequencies of adult females indicates that they may bemore site specific in their distribution than males, particularly during the years when they are pregnant or resting from a previous pregnancy.Re-running these analyses using sighting records updated through 2000 will help determine if the trends continue to be documentedregardless of changes in survey effort and patterns of habitat use of some animals.
Zooplankton filtering efficiency of the baleen of a North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis
Authors: Mayo C.A. , Letcher B.H. , Scott S.
Published: October 2020

In order to define the trophic requirements of the North Atlantic right whale, a series of experiments were designed to examine the foodcapture characteristics of the species. The food filtering efficiency of the baleen of an immature right whale was tested in a flume usinggraded samples of zooplankton, primarily calanoid copepods, collected in the path of surface-feeding whales. The filtering capacitydecreased with decreasing prey organism size, so that greater than 95% of the available caloric content of the zooplankton samples wascaptured in size fractions collected on 333m mesh nets. The experiments demonstrate that the filtering efficiency of the baleen narrowlyfocuses the right whale’s feeding on an energy-rich, yet spatially and temporally variable, portion of the mid-water food resource
Overview of catch history, historic abundance and distribution of right whales in the western North Atlantic and in Cintra Bay, West Africa
Authors: Reeves Randall R.
Published: October 2020

The catch history of the North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) in the western North Atlantic has been studied in a series ofprojects. Data from European archives on early Basque whaling, centred in the Strait of Belle Isle, showed that there were at least a fewthousand right whales in the northern part of the range in the sixteenth century. Data from shore whaling in the eastern United Statessupplemented by British customs data indicated that there were still more than a thousand right whales in the southern part of the range(i.e. south from Nova Scotia) in the late seventeenth century. Right whales were depleted throughout the western North Atlantic by themiddle of the eighteenth century, but small shore whaling enterprises persisted in some areas and pelagic whalers continued to kill rightwhales opportunistically. An increase in alongshore whaling occurred at Long Island (New York) beginning in the 1850s and in North andSouth Carolina, Georgia and northern Florida in the 1870s-1880s. By the start of the twentieth century only a few crews of shore whalersremained active in Long Island and North Carolina, and their whaling efforts were desultory. All evidence points to stock depletion as theprimary reason for the demise of organised whaling for right whales in eastern North America. Recent sightings indicate that some rightwhales travel from the Bay of Fundy and Scotian Shelf far to the north and east, at least occasionally reaching the historic Cape FarewellGround. Areas known to have been used regularly by right whales in the past (e.g. Gulf of St Lawrence, Delaware Bay) are now visitedseasonally by only a few individuals. Recent surveys of Cintra Bay, a historic right whale wintering ground in the eastern North Atlantic,provided no evidence of continued use by right whales.
A note on observations of southern right whales at Campbell Island, New Zealand
Authors: Stewart R , Todd B
Published: October 2020

Southern right whales were observed at Campbell Island, in New Zealand’s sub-Antarctic ocean, over four field seasons (1983, 1994, 1995 and 1997). Whales were present in both the winter and autumn of 1994. An average of 7-21 whales were seen each season, with a maximum of 44 whales per day in July 1995. Individual whales were resighted in the area over periods of several days to two months. A change to shorter residence periods occurred between the early 1980s and 1990s. Some interchange occurs between Campbell Island and the Auckland Islands, with a recent decrease in number at the former and an increase at the latter.
Mortalities of right whales and related anthropogenic factors in South African waters, 1963-1998
Authors: Best Peter B. , Peddemors Victor M. , Cockcroft Victor G. , Rice Nan
Published: October 2020

Between 1963 and 1998, 55 mortalities of southern right whales and a further three ‘possible right whale’ mortalities were recorded on theSouth African coastline. Of the known right whale mortalities, 31 could be classified as ‘calves of the year’, 8 as juveniles and 14 as adults.Relatively few (6.5-16.1%) of the calf mortalities could be attributed to anthropogenic factors, compared to juveniles (25-50%) and adults(35.7-57.1%). Apparent causes of death included ship strikes (4 definite, 7 possible) and entanglement (4 definite, 1 possible), with oneharpooning incident. Five non-fatal ship strikes and 16 instances of non-fatal entanglement were also recorded. Whilst the gear mostcommonly involved in non-fatal entanglement was crayfish trap lines, three of the four entanglement fatalities involved longline gear. Theincidence of scars attributable to previous entanglement remained constant amongst mature females from 1979-1997, at 3-4%. Recordedmortalities increased over the period 1963-1997 at a rate no different from that of population growth over the same period. The current levelof anthropogenic mortality does not seem to be affecting population recovery.
Abundance and survival estimates of the southeastern Pacific humpback whale stock from 1991–2006 photo-identification surveys in Ecuador
Authors: Félix Fernando , Castro Cristina , Laake Jeffrey L.
Published: October 2020

Southeastern Pacific humpback whales (Breeding Stock G) breed along the northwestern coast of South America and farther north up to CostaRica. Photo-identification surveys conducted aboard whalewatching vessels during the migration/breeding season from June to September between1991 and 2006 off the coast of Ecuador (2°S, 81°W) have produced a database of 1,511 individual whales. Comparisons of photographs produced190 between-year re-sightings of 155 individual whales. Closed and open capture-recapture models were used to estimate abundance and survival.The best estimate of abundance in 2006 with the Chapman modified-Petersen was 6,504 (95% CI: 4,270–9,907; CV = 0.21). Abundance estimatesfrom open population models were considerably lower due to heterogeneity in capture probability which produced a ‘transient’ effect. Our bestestimate of true survival was 0.919 (95% CI: 0.850–0.958). Heterogeneity most likely occurred from inter-annual variation in sampling and unknownstructure and variation in the migration timing and corridor. A more extensive collaborative effort including other wintering areas further north aswell as integrating breeding-feeding data will help to reduce heterogeneity and increase precision in abundance and survival estimates.
Absolute and relative abundance estimates of Australian east coast humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)
Authors: J. Noad Michael , A. Dunlop Rebecca , Paton David , H. Cato Douglas
Published: October 2020

The humpback whales that migrate along the east coast of Australia were hunted to near-extinction in the 1950s and early 1960s. Two independentseries of land-based surveys conducted over the last 25 years during the whales’ northward migration along the Australian coastline havedemonstrated a rapid increase in the size of the population. In 2004 we conducted a survey of the migratory population as a continuation of theseseries of surveys. Two methods of data analysis were used in line with the previous surveys, both for calculation of absolute and relative abundance.We consider the best estimates for 2004 to be 7,090±660 (95% CI) whales with an annual rate of increase of 10.6±0.5% (95% CI) for 1987–2004.The rate of increase agrees with those previously obtained for this population and demonstrates the continuation of a strong post-exploitationrecovery. While there are still some uncertainties concerning the absolute abundance estimate and structure of this population, the rate of annualincrease should be independent of these and highly robust.
Exploring the assumptions of multi-stock assessment models for humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Southern Hemisphere: using Breeding Stocks D and E as an example
Authors: Leaper Rebecca , Peel Samantha , Peel David , Gales Nick
Published: October 2020

There is potential value in exploring multi-stock models to address situations where humpback stocks are mixing. However, sensitivity to the assumptions underlying these models has yet to be fully explored. Using a simple simulation approach, the assumptions of a population model that allows for mixing of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) stocks D and E on feeding areas has been explored by relaxing the assumptions of the original Johnston and Butterworth model in a number of plausible ways. First the ability of the model to estimate parameters was checked for a situation where simulated data are generated from an underlying model of exactly the same form for which the actual values of these parameters are known (Scenario 1). Then the ability of the model to estimate these parameters when alternative forms and assumptions were used for the underlying model generating the data was investigated. Specifically, stocks were allowed to mix non-uniformly across each feeding area and catch was non-uniformly distributed across each feeding area (Scenario 2). The consequences of density dependence implemented on feeding rather than breeding areas (Scenario 3) were also examined. The original mixing model was robust to alternate mixing and catch allocation scenarios in all but one of the simulations, but when density dependence acted at the level of the feeding rather than the breeding areas, the model produced estimates that were quite different from the underlying population. It is recommend that the inclusion of density dependence on feeding areas in models that allow for mixing of whales on these grounds be investigated further.
A Bayesian assessment of the conservation status of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the western South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Zerbini Alexandre N. , Ward Eric J. , Kinas Paul G. , Engel Marcia H. , Andriolo Artur
Published: October 2020

The population of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) wintering off the eastern coast of South America is referred to by the International Whaling Commission as ‘Breeding Stock A’ (BSA). This population was heavily exploited in 20th century modern commercial whaling operations. After more than 30 years of protection, its present status remains unknown. A deterministic sex and age-aggregated population dynamics model was used to estimate the pre-exploitation population size (K), the maximum net recruitment rate (rmax), the maximum depletion level (Nmin/K), and other quantities of interest of BSA. Input data included modern whaling catch series, absolute estimates of abundance, observed growth rates and indices of relative abundance. A Bayesian statistical method was used to calculate probability distributions for the model parameters. Prior distributions were set on rmax – an uninformative (Uniform [0, 0.106]) and an informative (Normal [0.067, 0.042]) – and on the population size in 2005 – N2005 (Uniform [500, 22,000]). A total of 10,000 samples were used to compute the joint posterior distribution of the model parameters using the Sampling-Importance-Resampling algorithm. Sensitivity of model outputs to the priors on rmax, a genetic constraint, data inclusion and catch allocation scenarios was investigated. Medians of the posterior probability distributions of quantities of interest for the base case scenario were: rmax = 0.069 (95% probability intervals [PI] = 0.013–0.104), K = 24,558 (95% PI = 22,791–31,118), Nmin/K = 2% (PI = 0.31%–12.5%), N2006/ K = 27.4% (PI = 18.3%–39.5%), N2020/K = 61.8% (PI = 23.8%–88.6%), and N2040/K = 97.3% (PI = 31.6%–99.9%). Despite apparent recovery in the past three decades, the western South Atlantic humpback whale population is still low relative to its pre-exploitation size and requires continued conservation efforts.
Seasonal distribution, abundance, habitat use and population identity of humpback whales in Oman
Authors: Minton Gianna , Collins T. , Findlay K. , Ersts P. , Rosenbaum H. , Berggren P. , Baldwin R.
Published: October 2020

Previously published data on the occurrence of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Arabian Sea suggests that the region hosts anon-migratory population that adheres to a Northern Hemisphere breeding cycle. In order to investigate the distribution and abundance of thispopulation, twelve small boat surveys were conducted in three main locations off the coast of Oman between February 2000 and November 2004.Humpback whales were observed during surveys in Dhofar and Gulf of Masirah on Oman’s Arabian Sea coast, but not during surveys in the Muscatregion in the Gulf of Oman. An even ratio of males to females was observed and sampled during surveys in the Gulf of Masirah, which was surveyedin October and November (n = 38), while almost all whales sampled in Dhofar in February/March were male (n = 28). Song was detected frequentlyin the bay surrounding the Halaniyat Islands (formerly known as the Kuria Muria Bay) in February/March, but observations of mother-calf pairswere sparse, and competitive groups were absent. Feeding was observed in both October/November and February/March, but behavioural andenvironmental observations indicate that the Gulf of Masirah is primarily an important feeding ground, while the Dhofar region, particularly theHalaniyat Bay, may be a breeding area. However, limited survey effort and a lack of recent observations of mother-calf pairs or competitive groupsraises the possibility that the primary mating, calving and nursing areas are yet to be identified. Sixty-four individual whales were identified usingphotographs of dorsal fins or tail flukes. A high rate of re-sightings between years and between survey areas at different times of the year indicatesyear-round residence off the coast of Oman. A Chapman’s modified Petersen estimator was applied to various data pairings to calculate abundance.All pairings yielded estimates of less than 100 individuals, but sample sizes were small and there were various sources of possible bias. Analysisof scarring on the caudal peduncle region of identified individuals in Oman indicates that between 30 and 40% are likely to have been involved inentanglements with fishing gear. Comparison of the Oman photo-identification catalogue with those from Zanzibar, Antongil Bay (Madagascar)and Mayotte and the Geyser Atoll (Comoros Archipelago), yielded no photographic matches. These data are consistent with the hypothesis of adiscrete population. The distribution of fluke pigmentation rankings from the Oman catalogue, which varied significantly from those of Madagascarand Mayotte, provides further evidence for this theory. The evidence presented here provides a strong underpinning for the recent IUCN Red Listclassification of the Arabian Sea sub-population of humpback whales as Endangered. In light of ongoing coastal development and other threats tothis population’s habitat and future survival, urgent research and conservation measures are recommended.
CORPORATE AGGRESSION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PRICE WAR
Authors: Alzoubi Ahlam
Published: October 2020

Purpose: Despite the significance that prices take in companies, it appears that this factor has not researched extensively by academics and marketers. Therefore, this article investigates price war to provide a comprehensive reference about it. 

Methodology: The researcher has conducted an extensive study of the available relevant literature about the price wars. Marketing research and empirical studies from marketing, industrial organizations and economics has provided the framework for this research.

Findings: It is essential to employ appropriate analytic tools for strategic planning of price war. Smart management, along with technical skills, experience and leadership work together for organizational success.

Contribution: This study is significant for compiling a wide range of analytical tests and suggesting their appropriate use on right time. This study is helpful for the companies as it has not only provided step by step strategic planning for price wars but has explained when and how to start price wars.
Desconstruindo mitos O Estado empreendedor: desmascarando o mito do setor público vs. setor privado, de Mariana Mazzucato
Authors: Marques Cristiano Correa de Azevedo
Published: October 2020

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Vital Brazil e o caso da Casa Armbrust, as relações entre a ciência, os cientistas e a gestão em saúde pública
Authors: Acosta Sabrina
Published: October 2020

Este artigo aborda as relações entre cientistas e gestão pública em saúde no Estado de São Paulo, a partir de um estudo de caso – o contexto de um contrato entre o Instituto Butantan e a Casa Armbrust e Cia, uma empresa comerciária especializada em venda e comercio de produtos diversos. O Contrato foi firmado na gestão de Vital Brazil como diretor do Instituto Butantan e Arthur Neiva como Diretor do Serviço Sanitário do Estado de São Paulo no ano de 1917. Nesse período Vital Brazil deixa a direção do Instituto por não concordar com as políticas adotadas por Neiva, esses e outros acontecimentos são analisados neste artigo, procurando demonstrar posturas e entendimentos conflitantes dos dois cientistas que ocupavam lugares diferentes naquele momento, trazendo elementos significativos para a compreensão das relações entre política pública e produção científica. Os desdobramentos do contrato possibilitam a reflexão sobre os jogos de interesses envolvidos entre os cientistas e a gestão em saúde pública.
Possíveis relações entre livros didáticos e mortalidade causada por acidentes ofídicos no Brasil no período 1993-2007: o papel da educação científica na sociedade.
Authors: Bizzo Nelio , Monteiro Paulo Henrique Nico
Published: October 2020

Os métodos de primeiros socorros nos casos de acidentes com serpentes são conteúdos tradicionais dos Livros Didáticos (LD) de Ciências no Brasil. Livros publicados antes de 1996 traziam comumente informações equivocadas a esse respeito, muito provavelmente advindas de uma incorporação acrítica de recomendações norte-americanas do início do século XX. A primeira avaliação do livro didático implementada pelo Ministério da Educação em 1996 apontou diversos erros presentes nos LD que tiveram grande repercussão na mídia, muitos deles relacionados a esses procedimentos. A partir de 1996 houve um importante decréscimo do número de mortes decorrentes de acidentes ofídicos, inclusive em ambiente hospitalar. O número de mortes pode estar associado com a redução de vítimas que desenvolveram algum tipo de complicação decorrente de procedimentos equivocados de primeiros socorros realizados por pessoas não especializadas. Este artigo busca relacionar as  importantes mudanças ocorridas nos livros didáticos de ciências a partir de 1996 e o declínio de mortes causadas por acidentes ofídicos e suas complicações, ressaltando a importância e o papel da educação científica na sociedade.
Férias no Butantan: atividades educativas que exploram a história da instituição
Authors: Acosta Sabrina , Monaco Luciana , Nascimento Bruna E.
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo contextualiza a criação do programa Férias no Butantan – atividades educativas voltadas para o público familiar que visita a instituição nos meses de férias escolares, especificamente janeiro e julho. O programa aproxima o público do instituto de pesquisa, possibilitando uma rica troca de experiências no âmbito da história das ciências, saúde e tecnologia. A área educativa do Instituto Butantan pôde explorar novas atividades e aprofundar seus conhecimentos sobre as necessidades do público, bem como sobre a história do Butantan e de seus pesquisadores, além de promover o trabalho em equipe e trocas entre diferentes profissionais. Apresentamos um breve panorama de como esse trabalho aconteceu e os frutos que deixou para a instituição.
William Harvey e a descoberta da circulação sanguínea
Authors: Ibañez Nelson
Published: October 2020

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Percorrer e possuir o mundo: os atlas de imagens e a experiência epistemológica do olhar
Authors: Castro Teresa
Published: October 2020

Desde Abraham Ortelius e Gerhard Mercator, o fenômeno dos atlas se espalharam progressivamente pelo mundo, alcançando zonas do  conhecimento e da criação, e conhecendo ao longo do século XIX um momento decisivo. Ao reunir o desenvolvimento de técnicas de reprodução gráfica e as novas disciplinas, o atlas científico – botânico, anatômico, antropológico etc. – se multiplica, organizando visualmente elementos gráficos para transmitir um saber, tornando possível uma forma particular de conhecimento articulada à associação de elementos visuais.
Age peculiarities of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medicines
Authors: Kuprash Liana , Gudarenko Svitlana , Kuprash Olena , Gorchakova Nadiya , Khodakivska Olena
Published: October 2020

The drug therapy of elderly and senile patients is characterized by a number of features due to morphological, metabolic and functional disorders that occur in the body during aging at all levels of the body's life activity: the molecular genetic level, cellular level, the organ level, the regulatory level. As a result, the drugs’ pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs change which has a significant impact on the effectiveness and safety of drug therapy in elderly and senile patients.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA CALIDAD ECOLÓGICA DE LA RONDA HÍDRICA DE LA QUEBRADA TARUCA, MUNICIPIO DE MOCOA (PUTUMAYO).
Authors: Pérez Vallejo Ruth Jeanneth
Published: October 2020

En el marco de la salida de campo del curso trabajo de campo, del departamento de Geografía de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, se realizó un diagnostico preliminar de la calidad ecológica del bosque de ribera, en la ronda hídrica de la quebrada Taruca afluente del rio Mocoa, en Putumayo.

Se evaluaron componentes del ecosistema como suelo y vegetación; mediante índices del entorno, como son el Índice de Hábitat Fluvial (IHF), el Indice de Bosque de Ribera, (QBR), Evaluación Visual del suelo, (EV), técnica de interpretación de bloques diagramas.
EFECTO DE LA MICORRIZACIÓN Y LA FERTILIZACIÓN FOSFORICA EN EL RENDIMIENTO DEL MAIZ (Zea mays L.) EN SUELOS ARENOSOS DE MONTERÍA
Authors: Arroyo M Javier , Estrella C German F. , Cabrales H Eliécer
Published: October 2020

La prueba se llevó a cabo en el Corregimiento Buenos Aires, Montería Córdoba, cuyas coordenadas geográficas son 8 ° 28′15’’N y 75 ° 44’56’O, en referencia al meridiano de Greenwich a 15 metros sobre el nivel del mar. El área pertenece a la zona climática cálida-moderada, la formación del Bosque Tropical Seco (BS-T) y la zona agroecológica Cj. Este estudio se llevó a cabo durante el segundo semestre del año 2018. El maíz de la variedad comercial (ICA V 109) se plantó a 0,5 x 0,8 m en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con un arreglo factorial 2x5x3, tres repeticiones. Se evaluaron los parámetros de rendimiento. Se obtuvo que con el uso de micorrizas y dosis bajas de fósforo, se obtienen los mismos resultados que con dosis altas y sin micorrizas. La mejor dosis de P aplicada al suelo en presencia de micorrizas es la de 50 kg / ha. Se concluye que, con el uso de micorrizas, la dosis de fósforo se puede reducir en el cultivo de maíz en condiciones edafoclimáticas de Buenos Aires - Montería y se mantienen los rendimientos, lo que contribuye a minimizar el impacto contaminante mediante el uso de fertilizantes de fósforo.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KREDIT MODAL KERJA TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PEDAGANG KECIL ( Studi Kasus Pada PD. BPR NTB LOBAR CABANG GUNUNGSARI TAHUN 2018 )
Authors: Ansor Suhardi , Andiana Baiq Dewi Lita
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence on the granting of working capital loans to the income of small traders in PD. BPR NTB West Lombok Gunungsari Branch. This type of research is associative research which aims to determine the relationship between two or more variables. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data taken directly from the field, while secondary data is data obtained through intermediary media such as books, records, evidence and archives published or not. Data analysis in this study uses validity test, reliability test, normality test, linearity test , simple linear regression test, correlation test and coefficient of determination. Based on the results of the tests that have been carried out, it can be concluded that the granting of working capital loans has a significant influence on the income level of small traders.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA KECIL MENENGAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT (STUDI KASUS SENTRA PRODUKSI PENGELASAN DI GETAP)
Authors: Ariyani Heni , Halpiah Halpiah
Published: October 2020

This research is entitled "The Strategy of Small and Medium Enterprises to Increase Society Revenue (Case Study of Center for Elimination in Getap)". The purpose of this thesis is to find out the size of the income generated from the Welding in Getap, Cakra Selatan Baru Village, Cakranegara District, knowing what things affecting income, production costs, the quality of the products produced and the ways of marketing.The type of research used in this study is qualitative research with a descriptive approach by utilizing interview activities and direct observation as a technique of data collection, informants from this study consisted of the Welding Owners, Employees and Communities in Getap, South Cakra, New Cakranegara District.The results of this study indicate that the income of the welding is quite large on average - Rp. 20,000,000 per month which also undermines unemployment because workers who work in, work hard and want to take part in training conducted by the government so that they have expertise in the field of welding. On the other hand, with the presence of the welding, it was able to improve the living standards of the people around Getap with the opening of small kiosks of snack vendors, and rice stalls which earned an average daily income of Rp.250,000 to Rp.300,000 perday.