bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upaya Pemerintahan Desa Dan Kelompok Perlindungan Anak Desa Faennake Dalam Memberikan Perlindungan TerhadapAnak Dari Tindakan Kekerasam
Authors: Kolne Yakobus , Suni Melkianus , Anggraini Tri
Published: March 2022

Setiap anak memiliki haknya sesuai dengan harkat dan martabat kemanusiaan, serta mendapat perlindungan dari kekerasan dan diskriminasi sesuai dengan Undang – Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak. Upaya Perlindungan Anak yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintahan Desa dan Kelompok Perlindungan Anak Desa Faennake merupakan Upaya Kemitraan atau Koordinasi dalam melaksanakan kegiatan – kegiatan Perlindungan Anak sehingga hak–hak anak  di Desa Faennake dapat terpenuhi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan Upaya Pemerintahan Desa dan Kelompok Perlindungan Anak Desa Faennake dalam memberikan perlindungan anak dari tindak kekerasan serta faktor–faktor pendukung dan penghambat kegiatan perlindungan terhadap anak dari tindak kekerasan. Metode Penelitian yaitu deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koordinasi, komunikasi dan konsultasi lintas sektor yang memprioritaskan hak–hak anak dalam perencanaan di desa sudah terlaksana namun belum maksimal karena dalam perencanaan program perlindungan anak belum menjadi prioritas terbukti dengan Belum tersedianya Perda dan Perdes Pelindungan Anak yang diakibatkan oleh rendahnya sumber daya yang dimiliki dan sosialisasi terhadap aturan-aturan yang mengatur tentang perlindungan dan hak-hak anak belum dilakukan secara baik. Peneliti menyarankan bahwa perlu adanya koordinasi yang baik antar stakeholer demi terwujudnya anak-anak yang bebas dari tindak kekerasan.
INSTITUSIONALISASI DEMOKRASI KONSENSUS DALAM PEMILIHAN KEPALA DESA DI DESA TUN’NOE, KECAMATAN MIOMAFFO TIMUR, KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH UTARA
Authors: Usboko Ignasius
Published: March 2022

Pemilihan kepala desa merupakan wujud kedaulatan rakyat dalam aras lokal menyangkut pemosisian penting rakyat dan penentuan pemimpin yang patut dikelola sebagai antisipasi potensi konflik. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui institusionalisasi dan makna demokrasi konsensus bagi desa. dengan cara deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara dan dokumentasi, teknik analisis model interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) adanya model pelembagaan, (a) derajat kesisteman (b) derajat identitas nilai (c) derajat otonomi (d) derajat pengetahuan; 2) terdapat budaya kesepakatan terhadap calon kepala desa dari suku-suku yang ada di Desa Tun’noe  yaitu Suku Nabu, Suku Ukat, Suku Nino Tulak dengan Suku Ulan dan Suku Kefi Subai sebagai suku saudara perempuan dan Suku Nino Saluat, setiap suku memiliki kesempatan untuk menjadi calon secara estafet. Namun ada pertimbangan terhadap calon muda yang diganti dengan calon kalangan tua karena calon muda dianggap belum mampu memimpin. 3). budaya konsensus dimaknai sebagai instrumen penentuan pemimpin secara periodik yang damai dan distribusi perangkat desa yang adil. Rekomendasi: secara kontekstual, perlunya konsistensi dalam penerapan peraturan perundang-undangan, dan secara kultural, perlunya pemeliharaan secara adat melibatkan kalangan tua dan muda agar  demokrasi konsensus berjalan efektif dan beradaptasi dengan perkembangan masyarakat.

Kata Kunci: Pemilihan Kepala Desa, Institusionalisasi dan Demokrasi Konsensus
TUNTUTAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMEKARAN DESA DI DESA WEOE KECAMATAN WEWIKU KABUPATEN MALAKA
Authors: Hoar Engelbertha Rosina , Mael Medan Yonathan , Festianto Dian
Published: March 2022

Masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah Tuntutan Masyarakat Terhadap Pemekaran Desa, sudah sejauh mana tuntutan itu di tindak lanjut. Tujuan penelitian ini, untuk mengetahui tuntutan masyarakat terhadap pemekaran desa di desa Weoe dan proses penghambat tuntutan masyarakat terhadap pemekaran desa belum terlaksana atau tereaslisasi. Metode yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah deskritif kualitatif yaitu menggambarkan dan menjelaskan serta menguraikan data – data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian pada lokasi penelitian dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui hasil wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pelayanan pemerintah desa kepada masyarakat tidak merata, sehingga menimbulkan rasa ketidak adilan   dan rasa ketidak puasan masyarakat atas kinerja aparatur pemerintah desa, sehingga timbulah keinginan masyarakat untuk menuntut agar proses pemekaran desa dapat terlaksana. Jadi peneliti menyimpulkan   bahwa masyarakat Weoe mengharapkan atau berkeinginan untuk menghadirkan sebuah desa baru melalui pemekaran desa yang mana, dapat dilihat dari kinerja aparatur desa atas pelayanan yang tidak merata, jumlah penduduk dan luas wilayah tersebut sudah layak untuk dimekarkan menjadi sebuah desa baru. Selain itu, pemerintah desa perlu meningkatkan kapasitas sumber daya manusia terutama aparatur pemerintah desa, dan pemekaran desa Weoe pada dasarnya untuk meningkatkan rasa keadilan dan menciptakan kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat.
KINERJA APARAT DALAM MEMBERIKAN PELAYANAN DI KANTOR CAMAT SANTIAN KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN
Authors: Tano Bonifasius
Published: March 2022

Masalah yang dilihat dalam penelitian ini adalah Faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi kinerja aparat dalam memberikan pelayanan di Kantor Camat Santian Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif.Dengan sumber data yakni data primer dan data sekunder. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut maka peneliti memberikan kesimpulan bahwa: Faktor yang mempengaruhi pemberian pelayanan aparat di Kantor Camat Santian Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan terkait dengan kualitas sumber daya manusia, sarana dan prasarana, anggaran atau dana dan peralatan yang di gunakan di Kecamatan Santian, masih sangat minim sehingga mempengaruhi pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Sementara indicator lain seperti pelayanan tepat waktu dan prosedur pelayan di Kecamatan Santian juga masih belum sesuai dengan prosedurnya, terkadang ada keterlambatan pelayanan terhadap masyarakat umumnya. Faktor-faktor tersebut di atas, semuanya di pengaruhi karena kurangnya sarana dan prasarana di Kantor Camat Santian Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan. Untuk itu peneliti memberikan saran kepada pemerintah Kecamatan Santian diharapkan untuk dalam melaksanakan pelayanan kepada masyarakat  perlu memperbanyak sarana dan prasarana di kantor Camat Santian kuhususnya sarana dan prasarana yang  berkaitan dengan pelayanan kepada masyarakat, sementara indicator anggaran atau dana,diharapkan kepada aparat Kecamatan Santian agar tidak lagi melakukan pungutan kepada masyarakat namun perlu meningkatkan pengelolaan terhadap anggaran atau dana pemerintah.
Teacher Perceptions on Computer and Media Learning (ICT) in English Language Acquisition in Primary and Secondary Schools in Macedonia
Authors: Skenderi Lindita , Sadiki Sadudin
Published: March 2022

The recent reform of education in the Republic of North Macedonia has brought innovation in the use of technology in the teaching process as well as in the use of computers as a tool, and also as a method and a way to learn. Also, projects and curricula for computer learning have been developed in both primary and secondary schools. In this context, this theoretically-empirical research combines the reality of the use of ICT tools in English language classes in elementary and secondary schools with segments defined in the English language curriculum. With the empirical, descriptive, and conclusive results gained in this research, where 108 English language teachers in the primary and secondary schools of Skopje, Gostivar, and Tetovo were surveyed, a statistical difference (sig = 0.028) was observed in teacher attitudes per city in terms of level and the impact of ICT tools on the productivity of students in English language classes as well as the statistical difference (sig = 0.043) in teachers' attitudes by their age. In the end, the hierarchy of ICT tools was determined according to their level of use and the hierarchy of skills developed by the use of ICT tools in English language classes in elementary and secondary schools.
LEGAL DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBALIZATION: LAW ENFORCEMENT AND DEMOCRACY
Authors: Muhammad Mukmin
Published: March 2022

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Copyright (c) 2020 Meraja journal
THE ROLE OF THE VILLAGE GOVERNMENT TO IMPROVE COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Nurlia
Published: March 2022

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Copyright (c) 2020 Meraja journal
IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL SECURITY GUARANTEE (BPJS) PROGRAM IN THE REGIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL OF BARRU REGENCY
Authors: Hasan Suraiyati
Published: March 2022

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Copyright (c) 2020 Meraja journal
Fuzzy C-Means Dalam Klasifikasi Histori Data Susut Daya Pelanggan AMR Tidak Wajar Pada PT. PLN Distribusi Jakarta Raya
Authors: Suliyanti Widya Nita , Asri Yessy , Yosrita Efy , Ramadani Akh. Farhan
Published: March 2022

Susut daya merupakan masalah yang selalu dihadapi oleh PT. PLN khususnya Distribusi Jakarta Raya. Susut non-teknis banyak menyebabkan kerugian besar bagi PT. PLN Distribusi Jakarta Raya. AMR (Automatic Meter Reading) digunakan untuk pembacaan atau pengambilan data hasil pengukuran energi listrik pada masing-masing konsumen secara lokal maupun jarak jauh. Diperlukan metode dengan keoptimalan yang tinggi agar dapat mengukur susut yang terjadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode clustering Fuzzy C-Means dengan tujuan membandingkan dengan metode K-Means. Keoptimalan suatu cluster ditentukan dengan nilai DBI (Davies-Bouldin index) yang minimum. Semakin kecil nilai DBI, maka suatu cluster dikatakan optimal untuk melakukan clustering data. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa metode Fuzzy C-Means lebih optimal dibandingkan metode K-Means dengan nilai DBI metode Fuzzy C-Means sebesar 0.54532171146831 di set cluster 2 sedangkan nilai DBI metode K-Means sebesar 0.893 di set cluster 4.
European Small Claims Procedure: An Effective Process? A Proposal for an Online Platform
Authors: Mesquita Lurdes Varregoso , Cebola Catia Marques
Published: March 2022

Background: Statistics concerning the use of the European Small Claims Procedure implemented by Regulation 861/2007 (as amended by Regulation 2015/2421) show that this mechanism has not been as successful as expected. When choosing between a domestic and a European instrument, the creditor most often opts for the domestic procedure. They avoid an instrument that is less well known, that they do not fully manage, and that has limited integration in domestic law.
Methods: This article starts with the legislative analysis of the European Regulation 861/2007, using analytical and hermeneutic approaches. Empirical methodologies will also be applied since the practical application of the rules established by the European Regulation will be analysed in order to build the proposal of an online platform for the small claims procedure.
Results and Conclusions: Bearing in mind the weaknesses of the European Small Claims Procedure, we conclude that an online platform incorporating alternative dispute resolution mechanisms is the best option to promote access to justice. A list of arbitrators or judges designated by each member state to decide the cases submitted on the platform could be a solution to overcome lengthy court processes. The decision shall be standardised for all proceedings according to a model incorporated into the platform. Thus, the enforceability will be facilitated, and the process will be more accessible to the parties, ensuring the right of access to justice in this context.
PELATIHAN PENGGUNAAN WEBSITE DESA BAGI PARA STAFF DI DESA BANJARSARI, KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS
Authors: Redy Erliyan , Jupriyadi Jupriyadi , Neneng Neneng , Putra Rio A. M. , FITRI ARNIZA
Published: March 2022

Rapid developments of technology in education, business, office administration, government and information dissemination play an important and large role in human life as a whole. The internet as a supporting tool can be a source of information in finding information related to various activities. Banjarsari village has quite large natural potential such as plantations, agriculture and tourism, but not much is known by people outside the village. The Village Website is expected to be a means of disseminating information, supporting superior village programs and publishing matters related to the potential that exists in Banjarsari village. Until now, the knowledge of the community or sub-district staff in Banjarsari village regarding the use of the website is still very lacking, so that the dissemination of village information through the website has never been implemented. In this PKM activity, the PKM team from the Indonesian Technocrat University helped develop a village website in Banjarsari village. Apart from that, the UTI PKM team also held training for all staff in Banjarsari village in order to be able to manage the website that had been created. With the creation and training of using the website in Banjarsari village, it is hoped that village programs and information about the village can be accessed and socialized properly.
Shell remodeling in response to increased risk of predation in a marine snail
Authors: Charifson DM , Bourdeau PE , Padilla DK
Published: March 2022

Biomineralized structures in animals can undergo remodeling, altering the original construction of the structure. Remodeling such structures could enhance plastic inducible defenses and mitigate some hypothesized limits to adaptive phenotypic plasticity. Predator-induced shell thickening in marine snails, already a model for studies of adaptive plasticity, provides a potentially good system to study the role of hardened structure remodeling for enhancing the adaptive value of phenotypically plastic responses. However, studies on predator-induced shell plasticity tend to examine only recent shell growth, and plastic remodeling of older regions of the shell has been previously unexplored. Therefore, we examined the potential for shell remodeling by the marine snail Nucella lamellosa in response to its major predator, the shell-breaking predatory crab Cancer productus. For snails exposed to chemical cues from C. productus, shell thickness and microstructure in the newest parts of the shell differed from controls. In response to chemical cues from C. productus, snails also remodeled older parts of the shell, producing overall thicker shells toward the apex compared to controls. This predator-induced shell remodeling may provide a new model for examining inducible defenses and the role of reversibility and epi-phenotype limits to adaptive phenotypic plasticity.
The Influence of the Work Environment and Work Discipline on Elementary Teachers’ Performance
Authors: Yusnidar Yusnidar , Azhar Azhar , Sumarno Sumarno
Published: March 2022

This study aims to analyse the effect of the work environment and work discipline on the elementary teachers’ performance. The source of data in this study was elementary teachers from Dumai, Riau province, Indonesia. The data of this study were obtained from the distribution of questionnaires to 166 elementary teachers who were selected using random sampling technique. Data analysis used multiple regression analysis. The results showed that individually and collectively work environment and work discipline had an effect on elementary teachers’ performance. A comfortable work environment and a high level of work discipline will improve teacher performance. Thus, it can be concluded that the variables of work environment and work discipline on teacher performance have a positive influence.
Character Education in Primary Education with the Ethnopedagogical Approach: Exploring the Meaning and Structure of Culture, Beliefs, and Traditions in Madura Society
Authors: Satianingsih Rarasaning , Budiyono Sunu Catur , Subandowo Subandowo , Rahmatullah Reza , Erlinda Sri
Published: March 2022

It is very important to transform cultural values in society so that they are known, accepted and lived up to by the community. The philosophy of Parennialism views the past as a chain of human life that cannot be ignored. The past is an important part of human time travel and has a strong influence on present and future events, therefore the values of the past are valuable must be passed on to today's young generation. Based on the explanation above shows the importance of value education in society. The potential that must be developed in this educational process is the values in local wisdom, especially in the formation of social integration in a society. Character education in primary education with an ethnopedagogical approach through a culture of education based on local wisdom of the Madurese ethnic can function as development: developing the potential of students to become good behavior for students who have attitudes and behaviors that reflect the culture and character of the nation. Improvement: strengthening the work of national education to be responsible for developing the potential of students who are more dignified. Filter: to filter the cultures of one's own nation and the cultures of other nations that are not in accordance with cultural values and national character.
Analysis of Strengthening Character Educationin Gropol Batik in Soendari Batik Gallery
Authors: Regina Belinda Dewi , Wijayaningputri Arinta Rezty
Published: March 2022

Character education is an effort to create a generation that is intelligent and has noble character and has an Indonesian personality. The success of character education in learning does not necessarily come from the perspective of the cognitive domain, but rather how to balance cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains whose estuary is to create a complete human being, likewise with cultural values. Foreign cultural values are growing rapidly along with technological advances, which have significantly shifted local cultural values in Indonesia, one of which is batik, most people, including university students, do not know the uniqueness of local wisdom in their respective regions; this Soendari Gallery has a batik based on strengthening character education. The purpose of this study is how to analyze the content of character education contained in Grombol Batik at the Soendari Gallery. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. The subject of this research is Grompol Batik from Soendari Gallery. In Grompol batik, there is a circle or oval shape, which is one of the five characters, namely mutual cooperation. Besides that kawung is also known as a symbol of strength and justice which is also one of the dai character education. It can be concluded that the Grompol batik contains character education in it. This research is expected to provide many benefits for the community and the artists.
THE APPLICABILITY OF DISTANCE EDUCATION IN HEALTHCARE TECHNICIAN EDUCATION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: TEKEDERE Hakan , GÖKER Hanife
Published: March 2022

In this study, the applicability of distance education in associate degree programs in health services discipline has been discussed. For this purpose, various views and readiness levels of health technician candidates towards distance education have been examined. The sample of the research is consisted of 420 health technician candidates studying in 7 different programs at Gazi University Health Services Vocational School. In the collection of data, 3 questions including demographic characteristics and 5 questions including views on distance education have been asked, and the E-Learning Readiness Scale has been used. Frequency, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test, variance analysis and chi-square tests have been used in the analysis of the data. According to the findings, 70.2% of the students have stated that they did not want to study in any higher education program that provides education through distance education. 21.1% of the students thought that their programs could be done entirely with distance education method and 69.5% of the students have stated that they would still prefer face-to-face education even if there was a distance education alternative. Working students had higher e-learning readiness levels. Finally, no statistically significant difference has been obtained between the programs and the readiness level.
Using the Autofluorescence Finder on the Sony ID7000TM Spectral Cell Analyzer to Identify and Unmix Multiple Highly Autofluorescent Murine Lung Populations
Authors: Wanner Nicholas , Barnhart Jerry , Apostolakis Nicholas , Zlojutro Violetta , Asosingh Kewal
Published: March 2022

Autofluorescence (AF) is a feature of all cell types, though some have more than others. In tissues with complex heterogeneous cellularity, AF is frequently a source of high background, masking faint fluorescent signals and reducing the available dynamic range of detectors for detecting fluorescence signals from markers of interest in a flow cytometry panel. Pulmonary flow cytometry presents unique challenges because lung cells are heterogeneous and contain varying amounts of high AF. The goal of this study was to demonstrate how a novel AF Finder tool on the Sony ID7000™ Spectral Cell Analyzer can be used to identify and screen multiple AF subsets in complex highly AF tissues like murine lungs. In lung single cell suspensions, the AF Finder tool identified four distinct AF spectra from six highly AF subsets. The subtraction of these distinct AF spectra resulted in a resolution increase by several log decades in several fluorescent channels. The major immune and lung tissue resident cells in a murine model of asthma were easily identified in a multi-color panel using AF subtraction. The findings demonstrate the practicality of the AF Finder tool, particularly when analyzing samples with multiple AF populations of varying intensities, in order to reduce fluorescence background and increase signal resolution in spectral flow cytometry.
Raman Spectroscopy: A Novel Technology for Gastric Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Liu Kunxiang , Zhao Qi , Li Bei , Zhao Xia
Published: March 2022

Gastric cancer is usually diagnosed at late stage and has a high mortality rate, whereas early detection of gastric cancer could bring a better prognosis. Conventional gastric cancer diagnostic methods suffer from long diagnostic times, severe trauma, and a high rate of misdiagnosis and rely heavily on doctors’ subjective experience. Raman spectroscopy is a label-free molecular vibrational spectroscopy technique that identifies the molecular fingerprint of various samples based on the inelastic scattering of monochromatic light. Because of its advantages of non-destructive, rapid, and accurate detection, Raman spectroscopy has been widely studied for benign and malignant tumor differentiation, tumor subtype classification, and section pathology diagnosis. This paper reviews the applications of Raman spectroscopy for the in vivo and in vitro diagnosis of gastric cancer, methodology related to the spectroscopy data analysis, and presents the limitations of the technique.
Characterization of Altered Oropharyngeal Microbiota in Hospitalized Patients With Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Shi Yong-Lin , He Mao-Zhang , Han Mao-Zhen , Gui Hong-Ya , Wang Peng , Yu Jun-Ling , Ge Ying-Lu , Sun Yong , Huang Sheng-Hai
Published: March 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a serious emerging global health problem, and little is known about the role of oropharynx commensal microbes in infection susceptibility and severity. Here, we present the oropharyngeal microbiota characteristics identified by full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing through the NANOPORE platform of oropharynx swab specimens from 10 mild COVID-19 patients and 10 healthy controls. Our results revealed a distinct oropharyngeal microbiota composition in mild COVID-19 patients, characterized by enrichment of opportunistic pathogens such as Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Pseudomonas stutzeri and depletion of Sphingomonas yabuuchiae, Agrobacterium sullae, and Pseudomonas veronii. Based on the relative abundance of the oropharyngeal microbiota at the species level, we built a microbial classifier to distinguish COVID-19 patients from healthy controls, in which P. veronii, Pseudomonas fragi, and S. yabuuchiae were identified as the most prominent signatures for their depletion in the COVID-19 group. Several members of the genus Campylobacter, especially Campylobacter fetus and Campylobacter rectus, which were highly enriched in COVID-19 patients with higher severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load and showed a significant correlation with disease status and several routine clinical blood indicators, indicate that several bacteria may transform into opportunistic pathogen in COVID-19 patients when facing the challenges of viral infection. We also found the diver taxa Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus alactolyticus in the network of disease patients, suggesting that these oropharynx microbiota alterations may impact COVID-19 severity by influencing the microbial association patterns. In conclusion, the low sample size of SARS-CoV-2 infection patients (n = 10) here makes these results tentative; however, we have provided the overall characterization that oropharyngeal microbiota alterations and microbial correlation patterns were associated with COVID-19 severity in Anhui Province.
ALB-dNLR Score Predicts Mortality in Coronary Artery Disease Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Xiu Wen-Juan , Yang Hai-Tao , Zheng Ying-Ying , Wu Ting-Ting , Hou Xian-Geng , Jiang Zhi-Hui , Yang Yi , Ma Yi-Tong , Xie Xiang
Published: March 2022

Background

The influence of the albumin/derived neutrophil and lymphocyte ratio (ALB-dNLR) on the outcomes of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not known. Here, we aimed to determine the association between the ALB-dNLR score and post-PCI CAD patient outcomes.

Methods

A total of 6,050 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were enrolled between January 2008 and December 2016. These patients were divided into three groups according to their ALB-dNLR scores (0 points, n = 1,121; 1 point, n = 3,119; 2 points, n = 1,810). Mortality after PCI [all-cause (ACM) and cardiac (CM)] was taken as the primary endpoint. The prognostic value of the ALB-dNLR score was determined with the Cox proportional hazard model after adjustment for covariates.

Results

The ACM and CM rates differed among participants in the three groups (P = 0.007 and P = 0.034, respectively). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the ALB-dNLR score independently predicted both ACM [1 point vs. 0 points, HR = 1.249 (95% CI: 0.79–1.774), P = 0.215; 2 points vs. 0 points, HR = 1.777 (95% CI: 1.239–2.549), P = 0.002] and CM [1 point vs. 0 points, HR = 1.294 (95% CI: 0.871–1.922), P = 0.202; 2 points vs. 0 points, HR = 1.782 (95% CI: 1.185–1.782), P = 0.027]. We also found that among male patients in the three groups, both ACM and CM rates differed (P = 0.006 and P = 0.017, respectively). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the ALB-dNLR score independently predicted both ACM [1 point vs. 0 points, HR = 1.237 (95% CI: 0.806–0.330), P = 0.330; 2 points vs. 0 points, HR = 1.790 (95% CI: 1.159–2.764), P = 0.009] and CM [1 point vs. 0 points HR = 1.472 (95% CI: 0.892–2.430), P = 0.130; 2 points vs. 0 points, HR = 1.792 (95% CI: 1.182–3.289), P = 0.009].

Conclusion

The ALB-dNLR score is a credible predictor for mortality in patients with CAD who have undergone PCI.
Formulation of Dry Powders for Inhalation Comprising High Doses of a Poorly Soluble Hydrophobic Drug
Authors: Tarara Thomas E. , Miller Danforth P. , Weers Audrey E. , Muliadi Ariel , Tso Jerry , Eliahu Avi , Weers Jeffry G.
Published: March 2022

Spray-dried formulations of a hydrophobic, crystalline drug, GDC-A, were prepared using the suspension-PulmoSphere™ technology. Increases in drug loading resulted in decreases in the primary particle size distribution and increases in tapped density. This enabled fine particle doses of up to 25 mg to be achieved with a portable dry powder inhaler from a size three capsule. The powders were physically and chemically stable, with no changes in physical form or degradants observed during processing or on storage in an open configuration at 40°C for 1 month. The potential benefits of the suspension-based spray drying process relative to solution-based spray drying in terms of stability, lung targeting, and safety/tolerability are discussed.
Recognition and Classification for Inter-well Nonlinear Permeability Configuration in Low Permeability Reservoirs Utilizing Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Liu Jinzi , Liu Xinyu
Published: March 2022

Machine learning methods have become the leading research algorithm enjoying popularity for reservoir engineering evaluation. In this paper, one machine learning method is selected and optimized for the recognition and classification of inter-well nonlinear permeability configurations between injection and production wells in the low permeability reservoir. The above configurations are divided into four classes, i.e., homogeneous, linear increment, convexity increasing (logarithmic function), and convex downward increasing (exponential function). According to four kinds of nonlinear permeability distributions in low permeability reservoirs and the increased effect of threshold pressure gradient, the productivity formula is established. Then the decision tree, neural networks (NN) and support vector machines (SVM) are utilized for training dynamic data under the influence of the training model, i.e., the configuration in low-permeability reservoirs. The data set is formed with dynamic production data under different configuration permeability, well spacing, thickness, pressure, and production. The recognition and classification of the permeability configuration are performed using different machine learning models. The results show that compared with NN and decision tree, SVM presents better performance in the accuracy of verification, true positive rate (TPR), false-negative rate (FNR) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Moreover, SVM verification results are placed on the brink of the training methods. This paper provides new insights and methods for the recognition and classification of inter-well nonlinear permeability configuration in low permeability reservoirs. Additionally, the research method can also apply to solve similar theoretical problems in other unconventional reservoirs.
Predictors of Students’ Intrinsic Motivation in a Biotechnological Out-of-School Student Lab
Authors: Röllke Kerstin , Großmann Nadine
Published: March 2022

Out-of-school student labs have been established in the field of STEM (science, technology, engineering, and maths) to support students’ motivation regarding science by giving the opportunity for inquiry-based learning in an authentic learning environment. However, previous research most often lacks to explain and investigate determinants of the reported positive effects of such labs on motivation. Therefore, we investigated predictors of students’ intrinsic motivation during a visit to the out-of-school student lab. 170 secondary school students (58% female; Mage = 16.55 years, SDage = 0.58 years) from 12 courses took part in this study. Our results revealed students’ perceived autonomy and competence as well as their preparation beforehand as predictors of their intrinsic motivation, but not their gender and grade in biology. Out-of-school student labs therefore seem to be an important opportunity to foster intrinsic motivation regardless of individual student characteristics. Since our results show a crucial role of students’ perception of autonomy and competence for their intrinsic motivation in the out-of-school lab, opportunities to implement autonomy and competence support are outlined as practical implications.
Technologies for Type 1 Diabetes and Contact Dermatitis: Therapeutic Tools and Clinical Outcomes in a Cohort of Pediatric Patients
Authors: Passanisi Stefano , Salzano Giuseppina , Galletta Francesca , Aramnejad Sara , Caminiti Lucia , Pajno Giovanni B. , Lombardo Fortunato
Published: March 2022

The increasing use of technological devices for the management of diabetes is related to the prolonged exposure of patients’ skin to chemical and mechanical agents and, consequently, to the increased risk of developing dermatological complications. Among these, contact dermatitis is the most insidious skin disorder. Despite the magnitude of the issue, no universally accepted recommendations on the management of this common complication are currently available. Our observational study aimed to describe all the solutions adopted by patients and their caregivers to treat and prevent the appearance of contact dermatitis and to describe the clinical impact of this cutaneous complication. Twenty-one pediatric patients (mean age 12.1 ± 3.7 years) with type 1 diabetes were recruited in the study. The most common treatment used to treat acute skin lesions was the application of topical corticosteroids, sometimes associated with topical antibiotics (9.5%). In order to prevent the further appearance of dermatitis, the most frequently adopted measure was the use of hydrocolloid and/or silicone-based adhesives, followed by the application of protective barrier films. One patient reported benefit from the off-label use of fluticasone propionate nasal spray. However, only 52.4% of the study participants achieved a definitive resolution of the skin issue, and 38.1% of patients were forced to discontinue insulin pump therapy and/or continuous glucose monitoring. No differences were observed in glycated hemoglobin values between the period before and after the onset of contact dermatitis. Our study confirms the severity of this dermatological complication that may hinder the spread of new technologies for the management of diabetes. Finally, our findings highlight the importance of establishing close collaboration both with pediatric allergy specialists to prescribe the most suitable treatment and with manufacturing companies to ensure that adhesives of technological devices are free of harmful well-known sensitizers.
Whole-Genome Resequencing to Evaluate Life History Variation in Anadromous Migration of Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Collins Erin E. , Romero Nicolas , Zendt Joseph S. , Narum Shawn R.
Published: March 2022

Anadromous fish experience physiological modifications necessary to migrate between vastly different freshwater and marine environments, but some species such as Oncorhynchus mykiss demonstrate variation in life history strategies with some individuals remaining exclusively resident in freshwater, whereas others undergo anadromous migration. Because there is limited understanding of genes involved in this life history variation across populations of this species, we evaluated the genomic difference between known anadromous (n = 39) and resident (n = 78) Oncorhynchus mykiss collected from the Klickitat River, WA, USA, with whole-genome resequencing methods. Sequencing of these collections yielded 5.64 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms that were tested for significant differences between resident and anadromous groups along with previously identified candidate gene regions. Although a few regions of the genome were marginally significant, there was one region on chromosome Omy12 that provided the most consistent signal of association with anadromy near two annotated genes in the reference assembly: COP9 signalosome complex subunit 6 (CSN6) and NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain–containing protein 3 (NLRP3). Previously identified candidate genes for anadromy within the inversion region of chromosome Omy05 in coastal steelhead and rainbow trout were not informative for this population as shown in previous studies. Results indicate that the significant region on chromosome Omy12 may represent a minor effect gene for male anadromy and suggests that this life history variation in Oncorhynchus mykiss is more strongly driven by other mechanisms related to environmental rearing such as epigenetic modification, gene expression, and phenotypic plasticity. Further studies into regulatory mechanisms of this trait are needed to understand drivers of anadromy in populations of this protected species.
Genome-Wide DNA Methylation and Its Effect on Gene Expression During Subclinical Mastitis in Water Buffalo
Authors: Nayan Varij , Singh Kalpana , Iquebal Mir Asif , Jaiswal Sarika , Bhardwaj Anuradha , Singh Chhama , Bhatia Tanvi , Kumar Sunil , Singh Rakshita , Swaroop M. N. , Kumar Rajesh , Phulia S. K. , Bharadwaj Anurag , Datta T. K. , Rai Anil , Kumar Dinesh
Published: March 2022

Subclinical mastitis (SCM) in buffalo is one of the most challenging paradoxes for the dairy sector with very significant milk production losses and poses an imminent danger to milch animal’s milk-producing ability. We present here the genome-wide methylation specific to SCM in water buffalo and its consequential effect on the gene expression landscape for the first time. Whole-genome DNA methylation profiles from peripheral blood lymphocytes and gene expression profiles from milk somatic cells of healthy and SCM cases were catalogued from the MeDIP-Seq and RNA-Seq data. The average methylation in healthy buffaloes was found to be higher than that in the SCM-infected buffaloes. DNA methylation was abundant in the intergenic region followed by the intronic region in both healthy control and SCM groups. A total of 3,950 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified and annotated to 370 differentially methylated genes (DMGs), most of which were enriched in the promoter region. Several important pathways were activated due to hypomethylation and belonged to theStaphylococcus aureusinfection, Th17 cell differentiation, and antigen processing and presentation pathways along with others of defense responses. DNA methylome was compared with transcriptome to understand the regulatory role of DNA methylation on gene expression specific to SCM in buffaloes. A total of 4,778 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted in response to SCM, out of which 67 DMGs were also found to be differentially expressed, suggesting that during SCM, DNA methylation could be one of the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of gene expression. Genes like CSF2RB, LOC102408349, C3 and PZP like, and CPAMD8 were found to be downregulated in our study, which are known to be involved in the immune response to SCM. Association of DNA methylation with transposable elements, miRNAs, and lncRNAs was also studied. The present study reports a buffalo SCM web resource (BSCM2TDb) available athttp://webtom.cabgrid.res.in/BSCM2TDbthat catalogues all the mastitis-related information of the analyses results of this study in a single place. This will be of immense use to buffalo researchers to understand the host–pathogen interaction involving SCM, which is required in endeavors of mastitis control and management.
Different Spatial and Temporal Roles of Monocytes and Monocyte-Derived Cells in the Pathogenesis of an Imiquimod Induced Lupus Model
Authors: Nomura Atsushi , Mizuno Miho , Noto Daisuke , Aoyama Aki , Kuga Taiga , Murayama Goh , Chiba Asako , Miyake Sachiko
Published: March 2022

Mounting evidence indicates the importance of aberrant Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) signaling in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the mechanism of disease progression remains unclear. An imiquimod (IMQ)-induced lupus model was used to analyze the lupus mechanism related to the aberrant TLR7 signals. C57BL/6 mice and NZB/NZW mice were treated with topical IMQ, and peripheral blood, draining lymph nodes, and kidneys were analyzed focusing on monocytes and monocyte-related cells. Monocytes expressed intermediate to high levels of TLR7, and the long-term application of IMQ increased Ly6Clo monocytes in the peripheral blood and Ly6Clo monocyte-like cells in the lymph nodes and kidneys, whereas Ly6Chi monocyte-like cell numbers were increased in lymph nodes. Ly6Clo monocyte-like cells in the kidneys of IMQ-induced lupus mice were supplied by bone marrow-derived cells as demonstrated using a bone marrow chimera. Ly6Clo monocytes obtained from IMQ-induced lupus mice had upregulated adhesion molecule-related genes, and after adoptive transfer, they showed greater infiltration into the kidneys compared with controls. RNA-seq and post hoc PCR analyses revealed Ly6Clo monocyte-like cells in the kidneys of IMQ-induced lupus mice had upregulated macrophage-related genes compared with peripheral blood Ly6Clo monocytes and downregulated genes compared with kidney macrophages (MF). Ly6Clo monocyte-like cells in the kidneys upregulated Il6 and chemoattracting genes including Ccl5 and Cxcl13. The higher expression of Il6 in Ly6Clo monocyte-like cells compared with MF suggested these cells were more inflammatory than MF. However, MF in IMQ-induced lupus mice were characterized by their high expression of Cxcl13. Genes of proinflammatory cytokines in Ly6Chi and Ly6Clo monocytes were upregulated by stimulation with IMQ but only Ly6Chi monocytes upregulated IFN-α genes upon stimulation with 2′3′-cyclic-GMP-AMP, an agonist of stimulator of interferon genes. Ly6Chi and Ly6Clo monocytes in IMQ-induced lupus mice had different features. Ly6Chi monocytes responded in the lymph nodes of locally stimulated sites and had a higher expression of IFN-α upon stimulation, whereas Ly6Clo monocytes were induced slowly and tended to infiltrate into the kidneys. Infiltrated monocytes in the kidneys likely followed a trajectory through inflammatory monocyte-like cells to MF, which were then involved in the development of nephritis.
Inhibition of Histone H3 Lysine-27 Demethylase Activity Relieves Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms via Repression of IL6 Transcription in Macrophages
Authors: Zhao Zhan , Zhang Yazhuo , Gao Danling , Zhang Yidan , Han Wenwei , Xu Ximing , Song Qiaoling , Zhao Chenyang , Yang Jinbo
Published: March 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) occurs in about 5 per 1,000 people and can lead to severe joint damage and disability. However, the knowledge of pathogenesis and treatment for RA remains limited. Here, we found that histone demethylase inhibitor GSK-J4 relieved collagen induced arthritis (CIA) symptom in experimental mice model, and the underlying mechanism is related to epigenetic transcriptional regulation in macrophages. The role of epigenetic regulation has been introduced in the process of macrophage polarization and the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. As a repressive epigenetic marker, tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3) was shown to be important for transcriptional gene expression regulation. Here, we comprehensively analyzed H3K27me3 binding promoter and corresponding genes function by RNA sequencing in two differentially polarized macrophage populations. The results revealed that H3K27me3 binds on the promoter regions of multiple critical cytokine genes and suppressed their transcription, such as IL6, specifically in M-CSF derived macrophages but not GM-CSF derived counterparts. Our results may provide a new approach for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
Melatonin Maintains Inner Blood–Retinal Barrier by Regulating Microglia via Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/Stat3/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Tang Lei , Zhang Chaoyang , Lu Lixia , Tian Haibin , Liu Kun , Luo Dawei , Qiu Qinghua , Xu Guo-Tong , Zhang Jingfa
Published: March 2022

Microglial activation and melatonin protection have been reported in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Whether melatonin could regulate microglia to protect the inner blood–retinal barrier (iBRB) remains unknown. In this study, the role of microglia in iBRB breakdown and the mechanisms of melatonin’s regulation on microglia were explored. In diabetic rat retinas, activated microglia proliferated and migrated from the inner retina to the outer retina, accompanied by the obvious morphological changes. Meanwhile, significant leakage of albumin was evidenced at the site of close interaction between activated microglia and the damaged pericytes and endothelial cells. In vitro, inflammation-related cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-1β, and arginase-1 (Arg-1), were increased significantly in CoCl2-treated BV2 cells. The supernatant derived from CoCl2-treated BV2 cells significantly decreased the cell viability and disrupted the junctional proteins in both pericytes and endothelial cells, resulting in severe leakage. Melatonin suppressed the microglial overactivation, i.e., decreasing the cell number and promoting its anti-inflammatory properties in diabetic rat retinas. Moreover, the leakage of iBRB was alleviated and the pericyte coverage was restored after melatonin treatment. In vitro, when treated with melatonin in CoCl2-treated BV2 cells, the inflammatory factors were decreased, while the anti-inflammatory factors were increased, further reducing the pericyte loss and increasing the tight junctions. Melatonin deactivated microglia via inhibition of PI3K/Akt/Stat3/NF-κB signaling pathways, thus maintaining the integrity of iBRB. The present data support a causal role for activated microglia in iBRB breakdown and highlight the therapeutic potential of melatonin in the treatment of DR by regulating microglia.
Identification of the Fungal Community in Otomycosis by Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequencing
Authors: Gu Xiaona , Cheng Xiangrong , Zhang Jinhua , She Wandong
Published: March 2022

We used internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing to identify the fungal community in otomycosis patients and to evaluate the treatment effects of bifonazole. Ten patients who visited the Department of Otolaryngology of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine from May 2020 to April 2021 were recruited. Otomycosis patients were treated with bifonazole solution once a day for 14 days. Samples collected from the external auditory canal before and after treatment (Pre-treatment, n = 14 ears; Post-treatment, n = 14 ears) were used for microscopic examination, fungal culture, and ITS sequencing. Samples collected from 10 volunteers (Control, n = 20 ears) were used as controls. The symptoms, including ear itching, aural fullness, otalgia, hearing loss, and physical signs were recorded before treatment as well as on the 7th and 14th days after treatment. Aspergillus was identified as a main pathogenic fungus by microscopic examination, fungal culture, and ITS sequencing. At the genus level, Aspergillus was more abundant in the pre-treatment group than the control and post-treatment groups, and Malassezia was more abundant in the control and post-treatment groups than the pre-treatment group. The fungal species richness and diversity reduced significantly in the pre-treatment group compared with the control and post-treatment groups. The effective rate of bifonazole was 64.29% and 100% on the 7th and 14th days after treatment, respectively. In conclusion, the results obtained from morphologic studies and ITS sequencing indicate that Aspergillus is the main pathogenic fungus of otomycosis patients in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Malassezia is the dominant resident fungi in healthy individuals. ITS sequencing provides comprehensive information about fungal community in otomycosis and is helpful in evaluating the efficacy of antifungal agents.