bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender Inequality, Bargaining, and Pay in Care Services in the United States
Authors: Folbre Nancy , Gautham Leila , Smith Kristin
Published: April 2022

The authors argue that paid providers of care services in the United States (in health, education, and social service industries) are less able than providers of business services to capture value-added or to extract rents because limited consumer sovereignty, incomplete information regarding quality, and large positive externalities reduce their relative market power. In addition, many care jobs enforce normative responsibility for others and require specific skills that limit cross-industry mobility. Analysis of Current Population Survey data for 2014 to 2019 reveals significant pay penalties in care services relative to business services, controlling for factors such as gender, education, occupation, and public or private employment. Women’s concentration in care services explains a significant proportion of the gender wage gap and raises the possibility of significant potential benefits from industry-level bargaining strategies.
Progress in the development of bead foams – A review
Authors: Kuhnigk Justus , Standau Tobias , Dörr Dominik , Brütting Christian , Altstädt Volker , Ruckdäschel Holger
Published: April 2022

For a long time, the number of available bead foam variants limited to standard polymers which restricted their functionality mainly to packaging, thermal insulation (e.g. in construction) and shock absorption (e.g. in transportation). In particular, standard polymers such as expanded polystyrene, expanded polyethylene and expanded polypropylene were used for components requiring good insulating properties and high energy absorption at low cost. Mainly since the last two decades, new polymer variants have found their way into the world of bead foams and are currently adding further functionalities, such as sustainability, flame retardancy, increased thermal stability and enhanced mechanical performance (e.g. improvements in energy absorption and impact resistance). Versatile fields of application open up, revolutionizing both industry and design sectors. This review article emphasizes the special development progress of new bead foam variants and their processing technologies. Upcoming opportunities of digital methods for modelling and simulation are highlighted.
Exploration of a Psychological Defensive Syndrome Against Depressive Symptomatology in a Community Sample of Indian Women
Authors: Singh Parwinder , Mishra Navneet
Published: April 2022

The prevalence of depressive symptomatology in Indian women and the associated treatment gap are alarming and require interventions at a community level. Such interventions may succeed if the specific risk and protective factors are appropriately identified and addressed. Identifying such factors may suggest a Psychological Defensive Syndrome (PDS) against depressive symptomatology, and inculcating this PDS through specific interventions may help individuals manage depressive symptomatology. For evaluating the feasibility of such an idea, a two-phase research project was initiated, and the current paper presents findings of its first phase. The primary aim of the first phase was to explore the predictive relationship between depressive symptomatology and rumination, reappraisal, resilience, self-efficacy, neuroticism, and extraversion. A total of 671 women (Mage = 23.71) responded to standardized questionnaires in a semi-structured interview setting. The obtained data were subjected to correlational, regression, and path analysis. The findings support all the hypotheses; women, who reported less engagement in rumination and more in reappraisal, who scored low on neuroticism and high on extraversion, resilience and self-efficacy, showed less severe depressive symptoms than their counterparts. This pattern can be thought of as a PDS against depressive symptoms in Indian women. These results highlight the importance of addressing these factors in preventing and assuaging depressive symptomatology in Indian women.
Risk Factors for COVID-19 Positivity and Hospital Admission Among Arab American Adults in Southern California
Authors: Abuelezam Nadia N. , Greenwood Kristina L. , Al-Ani Mawj , Galea Sandro , Al-Naser Raed
Published: April 2022

Objective:

Little is known about risk factors associated with COVID-19 infection among Arab American people. We aimed to understand the predictors of receiving a positive COVID-19 test result and being admitted to the hospital for COVID-19 among Arab American adults using data from a hospital near an Arab ethnic enclave.

Methods:

We used electronic medical record data for Arab American adults aged ≥18 years from March 1, 2020, through January 31, 2021, at Sharp Grossmont Hospital in La Mesa, California. The primary outcomes were receiving a positive COVID-19 test result and being admitted to the hospital for COVID-19. We ran logistic regression models with individual- and population-level risk factors to determine the odds of each primary outcome.

Results:

A total of 2744 Arab American adults were tested for COVID-19, of whom 783 (28.5%) had a positive test result. In the fully adjusted model, women had lower odds of receiving a positive test result than men (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64-0.92), and adults living in high-poverty areas had higher odds of receiving a positive test result than adults in lower-poverty areas (aOR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04-1.51). Of the 783 Arab American adults with data on admission, 131 (16.7%) were admitted. For every 1-unit increase in the Charlson Comorbidity Index, the odds of admission increased by 66% (aOR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.36-2.04).

Conclusion:

The risk of receiving a positive test result for COVID-19 was higher among Arab American adults living in high-poverty areas than in lower-poverty areas. The risk of admission was directly related to overall health status. Future work should aim to understand the barriers to prevention and testing in this population.
Suicide, Homicide, and Other Violent Deaths Among People Experiencing Homelessness in the United States: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kleinman Robert A. , Morris Nathaniel P.
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

Limited information exists about violent deaths among people experiencing homelessness (PEH) across the United States. Using data from a national reporting system, we describe characteristics of suicides, homicides, and other deaths classified as violent among PEH in the United States.

Methods:

We obtained data on demographic characteristics, mechanisms of injury, and circumstances surrounding violent deaths from January 1, 2016, through December 31, 2018, in 31 states from the National Violent Death Reporting System.

Results:

Of 122 113 violent deaths in 31 states during 2016-2018, 1757 (1.4%) occurred among PEH and 3952 (3.2%) occurred among people for whom homelessness status was unknown or missing. Of all violent deaths among PEH, 878 were suicides (1.1% of all suicides), 458 were homicides (1.6% of all homicides), 352 were of undetermined intent (2.8% of all deaths of undetermined intent), and 59 were the result of legal interventions (3.8% of all deaths due to legal interventions). Hanging/suffocation/strangulation was the most common mechanism of suicide among PEH (44.4%), followed by deaths due to firearms (21.6%). Firearms were the most common mechanism of homicide deaths among PEH (48.0%). Black PEH were more likely to die by homicide than by suicide, and White PEH were more likely to die by suicide than by homicide. Among the 843 suicide victims for whom additional information was known, 345 (40.9%) had a history of suicidal thoughts or plans, 245 (29.1%) had disclosed intent to die by suicide, and 183 (21.7%) were receiving treatment for a mental health condition.

Conclusions:

Efforts to reduce mortality and improve health outcomes among PEH should consider the high rates of violent deaths in this population.
The Essential Elements of Customized Employment: Results From a National Survey of Employment Providers
Authors: Inge Katherine J. , Sima Adam P. , Riesen Tim , Wehman Paul , Brooks-Lane Nancy
Published: April 2022

Customized employment (CE) is designed to meet the specific needs and interests of individuals with disabilities as well as the needs of the employer by using flexible strategies at every stage of employment. The objective of this study was to ask U.S. rehabilitation providers who implement these services to describe the current status of CE service delivery. An online survey was administered to employment professionals from agencies within the United States. Participants responded to questions on the unique characteristics of Discovery and job development, current use of CE services, and information on their personal and agency demographics. Results indicate that there is agreement among CE providers on critical Discovery and job development activities, which suggests that providers are regularly accessing information to inform their practice. There appears to be a gap between what respondents identify as critical activities and how well they are being implemented. Recommendations for providing CE training for providers and provisions for individuals with disabilities are explored.
Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Exercise on Anxiety Reduction Among Nursing Students During Their Initial Clinical Training: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Toqan Dalia , Ayed Ahmad , Joudallah Hasan , Amoudi Mosab , Malak Malakeh Z. , Thultheen Imad , Batran Ahmad
Published: April 2022

The study is to examine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercise on anxiety of nursing students during their initial clinical experience. A quasi-experimental, pre-post study was carried out in the Arab American University. A convenience sample consists of 90 first-year nursing students were chosen. A progressive muscle relaxation exercise for five days per week was conducted on one group of nursing students. Students’ anxiety was measured by S-anxiety scale (STAI Form Y-1) at pre and post the intervention. The severity of anxiety reduction was greater post the exercise (t (89) = 30.783, P = .001).
Engaging Community Colleges in Rural Development: A Meta-Synthesis of Doctoral Dissertations
Authors: Harmon Hobart L. , Bergeron Larry J. , Johnson Jerry D.
Published: April 2022

Objective: This project analyzed recent doctoral dissertations addressing the role of community colleges in rural development for the purpose of identifying themes in the reported results and offering recommendations for future research. Methods: A meta-synthesis approach was utilized with 20 doctoral dissertations from the time period 2009 to 2020 investigating the role of community colleges in rural community development, rural economic development, rural workforce development, and collaboration with other entities relative to rural development. Results: Themes derived from the analysis and synthesis are presented, with discussion of the representative studies for each. Building on the results of the thematic analysis, the review offers recommendations for practical steps that rural community colleges can take to contribute to the communities they serve. Additionally, we offer suggestions for a research agenda to produce further insights and understandings that can strengthen and enhance the roles of community colleges in rural development across America. Contributions: Collectively, the reported themes and suggested research agenda speak to both the important role that rural community colleges can play in rural development and to the need for ongoing work in this area of the literature.
Reacting to Black Lives Matter: The discursive construction of racism in UK newspapers
Authors: Bremner Flo
Published: April 2022

In the wake of the police killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis on 25 May 2020, and the international uprisings which followed, racism moved to the forefront of public discourse. Yet, racism has no fixed interpretation and is a term used by different individuals and organisations for various functional and ideological purposes. This study provides an analysis of the ways that racism is discussed in four UK newspapers using a mixed-methods framework incorporating critical race theory, corpus linguistics, and the discourse-historical approach. It is argued that, as the protests were taking place, systemic racism began to be foregrounded over individualised forms of racism in newspaper discourse. However, journalists continued to use strategies of positive self-presentation to place racism outside of themselves and within racist ‘others’, leading them to stand against racism in the abstract, while potentially diminishing possibilities for structural change.
Social representations, media, and iconography: A semiodiscursive analysis of Facebook posts related to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cohen Golda , Bessin Mathieu , Gaymard Sandrine
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to explore the COVID-19 pandemic social representation in the early stages of its development. Following a free association task and a categorical analysis, a corpus of COVID-19-related editorial illustrations from articles posted by leading French newspapers was collected. Iconographic analysis of editorial illustrations revealed 12 iconic patterns that seemed typical of the pandemic iconography. Findings suggest that articles eliciting the greatest engagement (i.e. reactions, comments, and shares) are those that use a stable iconography so that the topic can easily be identified by most Facebook users. Therefore, these images could play an important role in the objectification process development of the COVID-19 social representation. Future studies should therefore explore the impact of the relationship between the news media and their audiences on the visual representation of highly topical issues, in the light of the objectification process of social representation theory.
Effectiveness of Cognitive Orientation to Occupational Performance intervention in improving motor skills of children with developmental coordination disorder: A randomized waitlist-control trial
Authors: Izadi-Najafabadi Sara , Gunton Cassandra , Dureno Zara , Zwicker Jill G
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To determine if Cognitive Orientation to Occupational Performance was effective in improving performance and transfer of motor learning in children with developmental coordination disorder (with/without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder); and whether outcomes were maintained three months post-intervention.

Design

Randomized waitlist-control trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02597751)

Setting

BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada

Subjects

Thirty-seven children with developmental coordination disorder and 41 children with co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (all 8–12 years), randomized to treatment or waitlist groups.

Interventions

One-hour of intervention once weekly for 10 weeks.

Main Measures

(1) Canadian Occupational Performance Measure to measure self-perceived performance of motor goals (10-point scale); (2) Performance Quality Rating Scale to measure therapist-observed movement quality (10-point scale); and (3) Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency – 2nd ed. to measure overall motor skill ability/transfer of motor learning (percentile).

Results

Both groups showed significant improvement ( p < 0.001) in motor performance (developmental coordination disorder: pre: 2.7 ± 2.2, post: 7.0 ± 1.0; developmental coordination disorder with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: pre: 2.3 ± 1.7, post: 7.0 ± 1.5) and movement quality (developmental coordination disorder: pre: 3.0 ± 1.5, post: 6.3 ± 1.7; developmental coordination disorder with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: pre: 3.0 ± 1.9, post: 5.7 ± 2.3). Three months after treatment, children maintained their gains, but only children with developmental coordination disorder showed transfer of learning to overall motor skills (pre:12 ± 15, post:12 ± 12, follow-up:14 ± 20, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Intervention was similarly effective for children with developmental coordination disorder with/without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in achieving and maintaining functional motor goals, but only children with developmental coordination disorder showed transfer of learning to other motor skills.
Different hemodynamics of basal ganglia between moyamoya and non-moyamoya diseases using intravoxel incoherent motion imaging and single-photon emission computed tomography
Authors: Yamashita Koji , Sugimori Hiroshi , Nakamizo Akira , Amano Toshiyuki , Kuwashiro Takahiro , Watanabe Takeharu , Kawamata Keisuke , Furuya Kiyomi , Harada Shino , Kamei Ryotaro , Maehara Junki , Okada Yasushi , Noguchi Tomoyuki
Published: April 2022

Background

Moyamoya disease (MMD) and non-MMD have different pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment policy.

Purpose

To identify differences in hemodynamics between MMD and non-MMD using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

Material and Methods

Patients who had undergone 99mTc-ECD or 123I-IMP SPECT, and IVIM imaging were retrospectively studied. IVIM imaging was acquired using six different b-values. Cerebral blood flow ratio (CBFR) in the basal ganglia was calculated using a standardized volume-of-interest template. The cerebellum was used as a reference region. IVIM perfusion fraction (f) was obtained using a two-step fitting algorithm. Elliptical regions of interest were placed in bilateral basal ganglia on the IVIM f map. Patients were classified into MMD and non-MMD groups. The correlation between CBFR and mean IVIM f (fmean) in the basal ganglia was evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

Results

In total, 20 patients with MMD and 28 non-MMD patients were analyzed. No significant differences in fmean were observed among MMD, affected hemisphere with non-MMD (non-MMDaff), and unaffected hemispheres with non-MMD (non-MMDunaff). A negative correlation was seen between fmean and CBFR in the MMD group (r = –0.40, P = 0.0108), but not in the non-MMD group (non-MMDaff, r = 0.07, P = 0.69; non-MMDunaff, r = –0.22, P = 0.29). No significant differences were found among MMD and non-MMD patients, irrespective of SPECT tracers.

Conclusion

The combination of IVIM MRI and SPECT appears to allow non-invasive identification of differences in hemodynamics between MMD and non-MMD.
Long non-coding RNA DEPDC1-AS1 promotes proliferation and migration of human gastric cancer cells HGC-27 via the human antigen R–F11R pathway
Authors: Xu Wei , Wang Juan , Xu Jinfu , Li Shenyi , Zhang Ranran , Shen Cong , Xie Min , Zheng Bo , Gu Menghui
Published: April 2022

Objective

Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs are critical regulators in carcinogenesis. The novel lncRNA DEPDC1 antisense RNA 1 ( DEPDC1-AS1) was recently associated with poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer and lung adenocarcinoma. However, its role in regulating the malignant progression of gastric cancer (GC) and its molecular mechanism are unclear. We herein explored the functions of DEPDC1-AS1 in GC progression.

Methods

DEPDC1-AS1 expression and prognosis in GC tissues were examined by bioinformatics analysis and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The DEPDC1-AS1 function in GC cells was explored by the cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, Transwell assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine-incorporation, and the xenograft tumor model. The DEPDC1-AS1 and human antigen (Hu)R interaction was determined by RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation.

Results

DEPDC1-AS1 was overexpressed in GC tissues and cell lines, and associated with a worse prognosis in GC patients. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that DEPDC1-AS1 promoted HGC-27 cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, DEPDC1-AS1 served as a scaffold by combining with HuR to target the specific mRNA F11R.

Conclusion

DEPDC1-AS1 plays a crucial role in GC development and progression and is a potential biomarker for the early detection or prognosis of GC.
Association between plasma somatic copy number variations and response to immunotherapy in patients with programmed death-ligand 1-negative non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Xiaochen , Wang Yina , Xiang Jingjing , Zhao Pan , Xun Yanping , Zhang Shirong , Xu Nong
Published: April 2022

Objective

To determine how patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-negative and/or a low tumor mutation burden status benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).

Methods

We determined the plasma cell-free DNA profiles of 25 patients with PD-L1-negative advanced NSCLC before ICI therapy using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing.

Results

Elevated cell-free copy number variations (CNVs) were associated with progressive disease, with a cutoff CNV score of 0.10 evaluated with an area under the curve of 0.790 in PD-L1-negative NSCLC. CNV changes were also correlated with poor survival. Progression-free survival and overall survival were both significantly shorter in CNVhigh compared with CNVlow patients.

Conclusions

Cell-free CNV may be a useful peripheral blood biomarker for predicting the response to ICIs in patients with NSCLC.
Can gentrification theory learn from Airbnb? Airbnbfication and the asset economy in Reykjavík
Authors: Mermet Anne-Cécile
Published: April 2022

Urban studies have predominantly analysed the impact of short-term rental platforms such as Airbnb on cities through the lens of gentrification. However, the concept of gentrification has been applied to this platform-based urban change without considering how platform economy might alter the way scholars think about gentrification. First, this paper shows that short-term rental platforms build on the increasing use of housing by ordinary people to generate income. Second, it explores what this entails for gentrification studies. Contrary to the classical pattern of gentrification, suppliers of short-term rental platforms are not necessarily external investors but may be local homeowners in an area that is appealing to tourists. This puts local homeowners in an ambiguous position regarding gentrification patterns. On the one hand, as stakeholders providing the accommodation supply, they can theoretically benefit from short-term rental platforms by generating income from their housing. On the other hand, as long-term inhabitants, their housing trajectory can also be disrupted by the consequences of Airbnb-driven gentrification that they enable. This paper aims to disentangle the role of local homeowners in Airbnb-driven gentrification by answering the three following questions. (1) Who are the Airbnb hosts? Are they external newcomers or local homeowners? (2) Which host strategies lead to the displacement of long-term inhabitants? (3) What lines of inquiry does the ambiguous position of local hosts (as both driver and victim of Airbnbfication) open for gentrification studies?
When Perceptions of Public Service Harms the Public Servant: Predictors of Burnout and Compassion Fatigue in Government
Authors: Sciepura Brenda , Linos Elizabeth
Published: April 2022

Public servants’ mental health can impact how, how well, and to whom services are delivered. In this article, we extend the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) framework to consider whether employees’ perceptions of themselves, their co-workers, and beneficiaries predict higher psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a survey of state and local public servants ( n = 3,341), we report alarming rates of psychological distress: one in three employees are burnt out and one in five are experiencing compassion fatigue. Those who view government as the place to make a difference, and those who perceive co-workers as competent, are less likely to report distress. Those who attribute poverty to systemic factors, and not to individual flaws of beneficiaries, experience higher distress. These findings suggest an urgent need to prioritize public servant mental health, and show that individual perceptions of self and others can predict variation in psychological distress, even in periods of widespread crisis.
Etonogestrel Implant in the Postpartum Period and its Impact on Biochemical Markers in Secretory Activation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Nilsson Wesley , Myers Eliza , Buta Eugenia , Li Fangyong , Laifer Julie
Published: April 2022

Background:

Secretory activation is characterized biochemically in human milk by a fall in sodium concentration, an increase in potassium concentration, and a decreased sodium to potassium ratio. These markers can be used to identify a delay in secretory activation which can result from hormonal birth control.

Research Aim:

To evaluate if the insertion of the Etonogestrel implant early in the postpartum period would delay the time to secretory activation as measured by biochemical markers.

Methods:

We conducted a prospective, longitudinal, non-randomized, observational cohort study. Women with singleton pregnancies were identified as wanting either no birth control or the Etonogestrel implant in the postpartum period. Human milk samples were collected starting at 12 hours after delivery, and then in 12-hour increments. Samples were tested for sodium and potassium levels.

Results:

As in the unadjusted models, there was evidence of a difference in sodium levels at two days postpartum, with the sodium level higher by 32.29 mM (95% CI [7.39, 57.20], p = .013) in the implant group than in the no birth control method group. A difference at day 2 was observed in the ratio (sodium/potassium) levels, with a higher mean ratio in the implant group by 2.49 (95% CI [0.14, 4.85], p = .039). For potassium levels, the only difference was observed at day 4, with lower values in the implant group ( p = .045).

Conclusion:

The transition from colostrum to copious milk secretion is delayed by the early insertion of the Etonogestrel device. This is evidenced by the delay in biochemical markers normally seen in secretory activation.
Synthesis and characterization of polysulfone-graft-poly(vinylchloride)-graft-2-methylimidazole membranes with Cu2O nanoparticles
Authors: Anbarasan R , Vishnu K Dheepak , Tung Kuo-Lun
Published: April 2022

Poly (sulphone) (PSu) was chemically grafted with PVC via Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction at 85°C for 2 h under N2 atmosphere. Further, it was treated with 2-Methylimidazole (2MI) in the presence of Cu2O nanoparticle catalyst in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) medium for 2 h under nitrogen atmosphere with stirring. Thus synthesized PSu-g-PVC-g-2MI/Cu2O nanocomposite was characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, DSC, TGA, XPS, SEM, EDX, HR-TEM, WCA and mechanical testing. The FT-IR spectrum showed a peak at 534 cm−1 corresponding to the metal-oxide stretching. The methyl proton signal of 2MI from the resultant polymer appeared at 2.40 ppm in the 1H-NMR spectrum. The glass transition (Tg) temperature and degradation temperature (Td) of the PSu-g-PVC-g-2MI/Cu2O nanocomposite system was determined as 169.2°C and 628°C respectively. The surface water contact angle of the resultant polymer nanocomposite system was found to be 48.1° and confirmed the hydrophilic nature of the membrane. The XPS showed the presence of Cu2p at 930.2 eV derived from Cu2O nanocatalyst. The experimental results were deeply analyzed and compared with the results of the other research teams.
Understanding National Nonprofit Data Environments
Authors: Bloodgood Elizabeth A. , Bourns Jesse , Lenczner Michael , Shibaike Takumi , Tabet Jenny , Melvin Amy , Wong Wendy H.
Published: April 2022

We develop the concept of the nonprofit data environment as all data collected and reported in a country resulting from law implemented into practice. We map data environments across 20 countries and propose explanations for differences between the information nongovernmental organizations report (collected) and what is made publicly available (reported). Domestic factors including regime type, civil society autonomy, and regulatory quality increase the amount of information collected and released publicly. Exposure to international political forces, including aid flows and globalization, increases the gap, which runs counter to expectations of greater openness with global engagement. Our findings point to the need for a better understanding of patterns in non-profit organizations (NPOs) data environments; while all governments collect information, countries with similar legal codes have widely varying data environments. This matters for NPOs as their ability to learn and improve depends on access to quality data and coincides with a feared global political backlash.
Effect of perlite on the thermal conductivity, thermal degradation and mechanical properties of epoxy materials
Authors: Kırbaş İbrahim
Published: April 2022

In this study, the thermal conductivity, thermal degradation and mechanical properties of the perlite added epoxy materials were investigated. Perlite was added into the epoxy resin (EP) at the rate of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% compared to the total mass. For the analysis of these epoxy materials, the thermal conductivity, density, hardness, X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile strength, flexural strength, limit oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning tests were carried out. With the added perlite (PER10), a decrease of 24.03% occurred in the thermal conductivity coefficient compared to the pure EP material. A maximum decrease of 6.86% was detected in its density. It gained fire retardant feature as it increased from 6.15% to 28.71% in V-0 and carbon residue as inflammability class. Despite the decrease of tensile stress, tensile modulus increased. The maximum increase PER02 was 36.9%. It did not provide any improvement in terms of other mechanical properties.
Modeling and analysis of axial clearance between the carrier base and horn gear in radial braiding machines
Authors: Du Chengjie , Meng Zhuo , Sun Yize , Yu Jianyong
Published: April 2022

Radial braiding machines are widely used in the preparation of complex preforms of high-performance fibers. However, the structural characteristics of a radial braiding machine inevitably cause axial clearance between the carrier base and horn gear, which affects the running speed of braiding machines and the stability of carrier exchanges. It is easy to create disadvantages of yarn fuzzing and poor continuity of preformed fibers. In order to solve these problems, this study compares and analyzes the coplanar horn gears in the industry and designs a kind of noncoplanar horn gear. Through the study, it is found that the trajectory of a carrier on a horn gear is divided into the linear phase and circular phase, based on which the mathematical model of the axial clearance between the carrier base and horn gear is established. The variation curve of the clearance with the horn gear rotation angle is plotted by using MATLAB software. A simulation model of the axial clearance between the carrier base and horn gear is established by using ABAQUS software, and carrier bases with different clearances are made to run on the braiding machine. The reliability of the theoretical calculation is verified by combining simulation and experiment, and it is proved that the use of the noncoplanar horn gear in radial braiding machines can effectively reduce the clearance and reduce vibration and shock.
Optimization of MWCNTs/Al nanocomposite fabrication process parameters for mass density and hardness
Authors: Hussain Md Zakir , Khan Sabah , Khan Urfi
Published: April 2022

Engineering materials and their development are essential for a civilized society, and they have always played a key role in the industrialization of a country. The performance of materials can be increased by selecting appropriate fabrication process parameters. In this paper, the effect of fabrication processing parameters on multi-responses of lightweight material, namely, functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes-aluminum nanocomposite have been investigated through Taguchi-based grey relational analysis. Ethanol wt. %, milling time, compaction pressure, and sintering temperature were considered controlled parameters. Phase, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the nanocomposite have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray techniques. The scanning electron microscope images revealed that the optimal parameter combination is essential for decreasing void and crack formation during the powder metallurgy process and increasing the material performance index. Grey relational analysis was performed to evaluate optimal sample fabrication processing parameters by using grey relational grade as performance index measurement. The most influential parameter was investigated using main effect plots, interaction plots, contour plots, and analysis of variance. The results show that the optimal combination of sample fabrication parameters is A1B2C3D3. The results also show that the compaction pressure has a stronger correlation to the responses with a 46.92% contribution followed by sintering temperature. The % error between the predicted and experimental grey relational grades at the optimum-level combination is 1.83%. The Monte Carlo simulation data distribution plots show that the ranges of experimental mass density and hardness values are consistent with estimated simulated model values. Further, a regression equation has also been developed to establish the predictive model for the grey relational grade. The model analysis shows that the predictive model is adequate for evaluating grey relational grades. Therefore, this study confirms that the proposed approach can be a useful tool for improving materials’ performance.
Pedagogical Methods of Teaching Social Justice in Social Work: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lee Eunjung , Kourgiantakis Toula , Hu Ran , Greenblatt Andrea , Logan Judith
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Social justice is a foundational social work value, but social work education continues to experience ongoing challenges with how to teach students to embody social justice values. The aim of this scoping review is to map empirical studies on teaching methods that translate social justice value into teachable curricula. Methods: Following Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework, we conducted a rigorous process in which we screened 5953 studies and included a final sample of 35 studies. Results: Our findings identified seven main teaching approaches: intergroup dialogue, online asynchronized discussion board, simulation and role play, group work and presentation, written reflection, community-engaged learning, and social action-oriented learning. In terms of competency development, most of the studies focused on awareness and knowledge versus skill-building. Most teaching methods emphasized students’ affective experiences during the social justice learning activities. Discussion: Challenges, lessons learned, and future recommendations of each teaching method are presented.
Gastric-phenotype Mucinous Carcinoma of the Fallopian Tube with Secondary Ovarian Involvement in a Woman with Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Bronte Anaut Mónica , Arredondo Montero Javier , Fernández Seara Maria Pilar , Guarch Troyas Rosa
Published: April 2022

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by the association of hamartomatous polyps in the digestive tract, mucocutaneous pigmentation, family history, and infrequently tumors of the female genital tract with one of the most characteristic being the gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma. We present the case of a 75-year-old woman with a history of gastrointestinal polyps and cancer of the pancreas and breast, diagnosed with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, who clinically debuted with a primary adnexal tumor. However, on histologic examination it was found to be a gastric-phenotype primary mucinous carcinoma tubal in origin, associated to tubal mucinous metaplasia and secondary ovarian involvement. One of her daughters had a confirmed genetic diagnosis of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and presented with mucinous metaplasia of the tubal mucosa in the pathological study of a prophylactic hysterectomy specimen. Another of her daughters died from an ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumor, she did not have a genetic diagnosis of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. This case intends to highlight the rarity of gastrointestinal-type mucinous carcinomas of the ovary and fallopian tube (similar to gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma) in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and emphasize the importance of genetic counseling of these patients as well as the adequate sampling of surgical specimens for early detection and treatment.
Adaptive control of robot manipulators driven by permanent magnet synchronous motors using orthogonal functions theorem
Authors: Khorashadizadeh Saeed , Zirkohi Majid Moradi , Eliasi Hussein , Gholipour Reza
Published: April 2022

This paper is devoted to designing a simple tracking controller for robot manipulators driven by permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) using orthogonal functions. The whole control system including robot manipulator and PMSMs is formulated in such a way that the voltages along the “d” and “q” axes of the PMSMs are considered as the control inputs. In the core of the proposed approach, uncertainties including external disturbances and system dynamics are estimated and compensated using orthogonal functions. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the unknown coefficients of the basis functions are tuned online using the derived adaptation laws. A performance evaluation is presented to guarantee the satisfactory operation of the proposed controller in the transient state. The case study is a spherical manipulator driven by PMSMs. The comparative simulation results confirm that the proposed control approach shows a superior performance regarding tracking objectives with a less computational burden.
‘It opened my eyes’: Parents’ experiences of their child receiving an anxiety disorder diagnosis
Authors: Davey Emily , Creswell Cathy , Percy Ray , Reardon Tessa
Published: April 2022

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health disorders among children, however there is limited guidance on the process of assessing child anxiety disorders and sharing diagnostic outcomes with families. This study aimed to identify aspects of the diagnostic process that are helpful and/or unhelpful for families, and ways to mitigate any potential negative consequences of receiving a child anxiety disorder diagnosis. A qualitative study was conducted with parents of 11 children (aged 7–12 years) with a primary diagnosis of an anxiety disorder, identified through a child mental health service. We used an inductive thematic analysis approach. Elements of the diagnostic process considered helpful or less helpful for families related to four themes: clarity and insight, being heard, the anxiety label and access to support. Findings illustrate the importance of sharing diagnoses compassionately in the context of ensuing treatment, and the benefits of providing families with personalised verbal and written diagnostic information, that is tailored for both parents and children.
In Pursuit of the “Pink Pound”: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Coombes Philip , Singh Pallavi
Published: April 2022

The visibility of non-heterosexual identities is more prevalent today than ever before, yet there is little research about the consumption behaviors and preferences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, transsexual, queer, 2/two-spirit, questioning, intersex, asexual, ally, and other non-heterosexual (LGBTQ+) consumers—often referred to as the “pink pound”. A rare systematic review of LGBTQ+ literature is presented in this paper with the purpose of offering an argument for a wider adoption by marketing scholars and practitioners for research into LGBTQ+ consumer segments. The results of a longitudinal bibliometric analysis are presented to objectively demonstrate the hitherto limited engagement that consumer researchers have had with the discipline, and the limited degree that the discipline has influenced that literature. The key findings reveal a growing, but formative body of inter- and intra-disciplinary literature that, hitherto, has only just begun to be addressed by present day marketing researchers. A conclusion of the paper is that although the bibliometric analysis identifies the limited engagement with LGBTQ+ consumer research, this limited engagement appears to present a very significant lacuna and just as significant an opportunity for both marketing scholars and practitioners to engage much further with this literature in the future. Building on the analysis, the value of the paper also discusses potential directions for further research in marketing scholarship and practice.
Collaborative autoethnography as a Tool for Research–Practice partnerships: Facilitating Self and School Transformation
Authors: Malorni Angie , Diaz Autumn , Spencer Michael S , Jones Tiffany
Published: April 2022

A research–practice partnership (RPP) is a collaborative, long-term partnership between researchers and practitioners. Autoethnography is a form of qualitative research where researchers recount stories of their personal experience to reflect on and better understand the wider cultural, social, and political world around them. In this paper, we demonstrate a collaborative approach to autoethnography that can serve as a useful tool for studying and transforming school culture with teachers and administrators in a middle school. We identify the key components of our approach and provide a detailed summary of how each element was applied and highlight the ways the inquiry process contributed to self and school-level transformation. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using autoethnography for RPPs in schools and discuss future directions for methodological development
Is catheter-based foam sclerotherapy more effective than direct foam sclerotherapy when combined with high ligation for the treatment of primary great saphenous vein incompetence?
Authors: Yu Shixiong , Li Ruihao , Cheng Junning , He Yuxian , Xiao Yao , Zhang Mingyi , Yu Wu , Qi Xiaotong , Chen Yikuan
Published: April 2022

Background

To retrospectively analyze the short-term outcomes of catheter-based versus direct foam sclerotherapy when combined with high ligation (HL) for the treatment of great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence.

Methods

From July 2018 to October 2019, a total of 82 lower limbs of 70 patients with GSV incompetence received HL combined with catheter-based foam sclerotherapy (CFS group) or direct foam sclerotherapy (DFS group) for GSV proximal trunk. Among them, 40 limbs of 36 patients were treated with CFS, and 42 limbs of 34 patients were treated with DFS. The occlusion of GSV proximal trunk was evaluated with venous duplex ultrasound examinations; Venous Clinical Severity Scores (VCSS) was used to assess clinical improvement; Aberdeen Varicose Veins Questionnaire (AVVQ) was used to assess quality-of-life scores; and Complications was used for the safety evaluation.

Results

At day 7 post-operatively, complete occlusion of proximal trunk of the GSV was achieved in 92.5% legs of the CFS group and 71.4% of the DFS group ( p = 0.014). Additionally, anterograde flow was found in 7.5% legs of the CFS group and 26.2% of the DFS group ( p = 0.025). No significant differences in the occurrence of complications were observed between the two groups. The median follow-up was 285.5 days in the DFS group and 318 days in the CFS group ( p = 0.140). VCSS and AVVQ reduction were significant in both CFS group and DFS group (5.3 ± 2.5, 5.5 ± 2.4, p < 0.001 for VCSS; 15.9 ± 8.0, 16.3 ± 8.6, p < 0.001 for AVVQ), but no significant difference were observed between two groups ( p = 0.655 for VCSS, p = 0.934 for AVVQ).

Conclusions

Although the occlusion of great saphenous vein proximal trunk were different, two modalities result in similar clinical and quality-of-life improvements. DFS is a feasible alternative to CFS when combined with HL.
A ruthenium nanocatalyst for the atmospheric hydrogenation of 1,5-cyclooctadiene
Authors: Liu Chuanchao , Wang Yanhua
Published: April 2022

A ruthenium nanocatalyst is utilized for the first time for the highly efficient and selective hydrogenation of 1,5-cyclooctadiene under atmospheric hydrogen pressure. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the conversion of 1,5-cyclooctadiene and the selectivity for cyclooctene are >99% and 95%, respectively. The turnover frequency is 451 h−1, which is higher than that ever reported for Ru complex catalysts.
Media Use and National Image: How Americans and Chinese Perceive the U.S.–China Trade War
Authors: Willnat Lars , Tang Shuo , Shi Jian , Zhan Ning
Published: April 2022

Grounded in the international image theory ( Herrmann and Fischerkeller, 1995 ), this study argues that individuals maintain general images of foreign nations that shape perceptions of foreign policy issues. Based on two identical national online surveys conducted in the United States ( N = 1250) and China ( N = 1311) in early 2019, the study explores the structure and composition of these national images among American and Chinese citizens and tests whether they influence perceptions of the U.S.–China trade war. The findings suggest that cognitive and affective components of national image are associated with the perceived favorability of the other nation and support for the U.S.–China trade war among the American and Chinese public. While media exposure played a more prominent role among U.S. respondents, personal traits such as cosmopolitanism, patriotism, cultural affinity, and personal contact with people from the other nation were significantly associated with people's overall favorability of the other nation and their support of the U.S.–China trade war.
Effectiveness of the use of a high-flow nasal cannula to treat COVID-19 patients and risk factors for failure: a meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Dong-yang , Dai Bing , Tan Wei , Zhao Hong-wen , Wang Wei , Kang Jian
Published: April 2022

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally, and many patients with severe cases have received oxygen therapy through a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC).

Objectives:

We assessed the efficacy of HFNC for treating patients with COVID-19 and risk factors for HFNC failure.

Methods:

We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of HFNC in patients with COVID-19 published in English from January 1st, 2020 to August 15th, 2021. The primary aim was to assess intubation, mortality, and failure rates in COVID-19 patients supported by HFNC. Secondary aims were to compare HFNC success and failure groups and to describe the risk factors for HFNC failure.

Results:

A total of 25 studies fulfilled selection criteria and included 2851 patients. The intubation, mortality, and failure rates were 0.44 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.38–0.51, I2 = 84%), 0.23 (95% CI: 0.19–0.29, I2 = 88%), and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.42–0.51, I2 = 56%), respectively. Compared to the success group, age, body mass index (BMI), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, D-dimer, lactate, heart rate, and respiratory rate were higher and PaO2, PaO2/FiO2, ROX index (the ratio of SpO2/FiO2 to respiratory rate), ROX index after the initiation of HFNC, and duration of HFNC were lower in the failure group (all Ps < 0.05). There were also more smokers and more comorbidities in the failure group (all Ps < 0.05). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) revealed that older age (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07, P = 0.02, I2 = 88%), a higher white blood cell (WBC) count (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.12, P = 0.02, I2 = 0%), a higher heart rate (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.15–1.76, P < 0.01, I2 = 0%), and a lower ROX index(OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39–0.95, P = 0.03, I2 = 93%) after the initiation of HFNC were all significant risk factors for HFNC failure.

Conclusions:

HFNC is an effective way of providing respiratory support in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Older age, a higher WBC count, a higher heart rate, and a lower ROX index after the initiation of HFNC are associated with an increased risk of HFNC failure.