bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aortic stiffness in hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Alatas Emine Tugba , Biteker Murat , Alataş Ömer Doğan
Published: November 2021

Background:

Although increased aortic stiffness has been observed in chronic inflammatory skin diseases, it has not been examined in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS).

Objectives:

This study aimed to compare aortic stiffness among HS patients and non-HS controls and to investigate the relation between aortic stiffness and disease severity in HS.

Methods:

Thirty-eight HS patients, and 76 age- and sex-matched controls were studied. Patients who had diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, or other inflammatory conditions were excluded. Aortic stiffness was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. Disease severity and activity were assessed using Hurley stage, and physician global assessment (PGA) score, respectively. Severe disease was defined as Hurley stage III, or PGA scores ≥3.

Results:

The patients with HS had increased aortic stiffness determined by decreased strain and distensibility compared to control group patients. A significant negative correlation was found between aortic stiffness indices and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, duration of the disease, Hurley stage, and PGA score. Multivariate analysis revealed the aortic strain and aortic distensibility were predictors of severe disease for Hurley stage III.

Conclusion:

Aortic stiffness is increased and associated with the severity of the disease in patients with HS.
Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: You Huaxuan , Hu Juan , Liu Ying , Luo Biru , Lei Anjiang
Published: November 2021

Background &objectives:

Women with gestational diabetes are at an increased risk of being diagnosed as type 2 diabetes, but the postpartum screening rate is low. To provide evidence-based data for health providers and promote postpartum screening, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to access the risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) diagnosis after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in different demographic and maternal subgroups.

Methods:

MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched systematically. Unadjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95 per cent confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and pooled using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed with Cochrane’s Q text and by calculating I
2 values. Subgroup analyses were conducted to address the disparities of type 2 diabetes conversion after gestational diabetes in different demographic and maternal subgroups.

Results:

1809 publications were screened and 39 cohort studies including 2,847,596 women were selected. In these studies, 78,893 women were diagnosed as T2DM at six weeks or later after delivery. The unadjusted RRs of women diagnosed T2DM at six weeks or later after delivery ranged from 1.32 (95% CI, 0.46-3.37) to 47.25 (95% CI, 2.95-758.01) with a pooled unadjusted RR of 8.92 (95% CI, 7.84-10.14). Older women, women with a family history of diabetes, Black and non-Hispanic White women and women living in Europe and South-East Asia had a higher risk of developing T2DM after GDM.

Interpretation & conclusions:

It is suggested that healthcare providers may focus on older women with GDM and women with GDM and a family history of diabetes. Black and non-Hispanic White women with GDM may receive more attention, and healthcare providers, especially those in Europe and South-East Asia, may pay more attention to preventive measures for postpartum T2DM.
Multimodal Imaging of an Atherosclerotic Splenic Artery Aneurysm Enables Endovascular Treatment of a Potentially Lethal Entity
Authors: Sivakumar Kothandam , Mohanty Sandeep
Published: November 2021

Splenic artery aneurysms (SAAs) are the third most frequent site of intraabdominal aneurysm and the most frequent splanchnic artery aneurysm. Surgery may be morbid and may include splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy. True aneurysm needs differentiation from a pseudoaneurysm caused by pancreatic enzymatic destruction. A giant SAA was diagnosed in an elderly atherosclerotic male with chronic calcific pancreatitis. Layered thrombus on multimodal imaging ruled out enzyme action and excluded possibility of a pseudoaneurysm. The distal splenic artery beyond the aneurysm was collateralized by left gastric artery. The aneurysm was closed with multiple coils and a vascular plug. Imaging after 6 months confirmed complete closure. Endovascular closure of SAA needs strategies to avoid an endoleak from the distal splenic artery. Pseudoaneurysm of splenic artery should be excluded, as they do not respond to the same strategies applied for true atherosclerotic aneurysms.
The Effectiveness of Hyaluronic Acid Injection in the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis among Adults
Authors: Calupitan Roberto F. , Leochico Carl Froilan D. , Senolos Gilmore C. , Rey-Matias Reynaldo R.
Published: November 2021

Background:

Lateral epicondylitis is common and may negatively impact activities of daily living. Currently, various conservative treatments are available including physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and interventional physiatry. Among the interventional procedures, periarticular hyaluronic acid (HA) injection is an emerging treatment option, but it lacks firm evidence to support its use.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of HA in reducing pain and improving function of patients with lateral epicondylitis.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review in January 2020. Randomized controlled trials identified from various electronic databases were included if they involved the following: Adults with lateral epicondylitis, periarticular injection of HA with or without other medications, and reported outcomes on pain, function, and adverse effects. Assessment of risk of bias was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool. Pertinent data were extracted from the eligible studies for data analysis.

Results:

Among the 42 studies identified, we included two trials with a total of 388 participants followed up within 6–12 months. The trials employed similar techniques in administering HA, although they used different doses and preparations. The control groups used either normal saline or corticosteroid. In both trials, there were statistically significant improvements in pain and function in favor of HA. No serious adverse event was reported.

Conclusion:

Albeit with promising intermediate and long-term effects for lateral epicondylitis, HA remains to have limited evidence regarding its effectiveness and safety. We recommend further research to determine the most optimal HA preparation, dosage, and technique for lateral epicondylitis that will help standardize our procedures.
The effect of continuous supportive care on birth pain, birth fear, midwifery care perception, oxytocin use, and delivery time during the intrapartum period
Authors: Çankaya S , Can R
Published: November 2021

Background:

Intrapartum professional midwifery support can improve the coping skills with the fear of childbirth and birth pain, increase the perception of the woman, and prevent negative experiences. However, there are relatively few studies supporting this postulation.

Aims:

To investigate the effects of supportive care given during labor on birth pain, birth fear, perception of midwifery care, oxytocin use, and delivery time.

Patients and Methods:

This is a quasi-experimental study. We collected the data between January and June 2019 in a province in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Primiparous 102 pregnant women were included in the study. However, we excluded five pregnant women from the intervention group and four pregnant women from the control group as emergency cesarean section developed. In total, 93 pregnant women, 46 in the continuous supportive care intervention group, and 47 in the usual intrapartum care control group were evaluated. The following tools were used to collect data: The Delivery Fear Scale, a Visual Analog Scale for perceived pain, the Scale of Women's Perception for Supportive Care Given During Labor, and labor outcomes information form.

Results:

The participants in the intervention group receiving continuous intrapartum supportive care had less fear of birth and lower birth pain in the active and transitional stages of labor, their midwifery care perception increased, and the duration of labor was shorter (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in oxytocin use between the two groups at 95% confidence interval (-0.265-0.091) (p > 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.2).

Conclusion:

Pregnant women who received continuous intrapartum supportive care had less fear of birth and reduced labor pain in active and transitional stages of labor. In addition, with the continuous supportive care provided, the perception of midwifery care of the pregnant women increased and the duration of labor decreased. Therefore, midwifery care support should be provided to women throughout their labor and delivery process.
Predictors of early elbow function following paediatric humeral supracondylar fractures
Authors: Ekwedigwe HC , Anyaehie UE , Ede O , Anikwe IA , Eyichukwu GO , Anieze JK
Published: November 2021

Background:

Supracondylar fracture usually occurs as a result of fall on an outstretched hand. Prompt management is essential to prevent complications. Functional outcome after management of this fracture may be predicted by some factors.

Aims:

The study aimed to review the management of supracondylar fractures and determine what factors have an impact on the functional outcome of the elbow using MEPS score in the early post-operative period.

Patients and Methods:

This study was a retrospective study of all patients with supracondylar fractures that presented at the accident and emergency department of a tertiary institution over a 2-year period. Their relevant data were retrieved from their folders and analysis done using SPSS 20. The MEPS score at 6 months was calculated. Multiple linear regressions were used to determine factors that can predict early elbow function using the MEPS score at 6 months.

Results:

In the study, 61.4% (35) patients were males and 38.6% (22) females. The commonest mechanism of injury was fall on the outstretched hand (FOOSH), 70.2%. The mean duration of presentation to the hospital was 38 h (SD = 56.9). Among treatment offered to the patients, a higher number had open reduction with pinning. The mean postoperative Mayo elbow score was 87.6. Age of patients, Gartland type and the duration of cast immobilization were significant predictors of the MEPS at 6 months after treatment.

Conclusion:

The Gartland type and duration of cast immobilization are the most important predictors of the MEPS score at 6 months in this study.
Changes in stroke volume variation and cardiac index during open major bowel surgery
Authors: Prabhu SP , Nileshwar A , Krishna HM , Prabhu M
Published: November 2021

Background:

Stroke volume variation (SVV) is a dynamic indicator of preload, which is a determinant of cardiac output. Aims: Aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between changes in SVV and cardiac index (CI) in patients with normal left ventricular function undergoing major open abdominal surgery.

Patients and Methods:

Patients undergoing major open abdominal surgery were monitored continuously with FloTrac® to measure SVV and CI along with standard monitoring. Both SVV and CI were noted at baseline and every 10 min thereafter till the end of surgery and were observed for concurrence between the measurements.

Results:

1800 pairs of measurement of SVV and CI were obtained from 60 patients. Mean SVV and CI (of all patients) measured at different time points of measurement showed that as SVV increased with time, the CI dropped correspondingly. When individual readings of CI and SVV were plotted against each other, the scatter was found to be wide, reiterating the lack of agreement between the two parameters (R2 = 0.035). SVV >13% suggesting hypovolemia was found at 207 time points. Of these, 175 had a CI >2.5 L/min/m2 and only 32 patients had a CI <2.5 L/min/m2.

Conclusion:

SVV, a dynamic index of fluid responsiveness can be used to monitor patients expected to have large fluid shifts during major abdominal surgery. It is very specific and has a high negative predictive value. When SVV increases, CI is usually maintained. Since many factors affect SVV and CI, any increase in SVV >13%, must be correlated with other parameters before administration of the fluid challenge.
Analysis of patients undergoing surgical treatment for primary spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Cakmak M , Durkan A
Published: November 2021

Background:

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (psp) results from spontaneous rupture of bleb or bulla. Aims: We planned to discuss the etiologic factors, clinical and radiological findings, and treatment results of psp cases.

Materials and Methods:

402 patients were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups as patients receiving positive results with thoracostomy and patients who received positive results thoracotomy/video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (vats). Groups were compared. Results were evaluated using Chi-square or Fishers' exact test. P < 0.05 was considered as significant.

Results:

Gender difference (P: 1.00) and localization of disease (P: 0.45) were not significant for psp. Smoking and being subtotal or total compared to partial had a substantial effect on the implementation of thoracotomy/vats (P < 0.05). Furthermore, psp was most frequently seen in August and September.

Discussion:

Risk factors of psp are described as genetic predisposition, being tall, smoking, and autosomal dominant heredity. The main determinant factor in the treatment of psp is the degree of pneumothorax.

Conclusion:

Psp was frequently observed in smokers. The preferred method for overall psp is tube thoracostomy. Thoracotomy/vats is more commonly performed for subtotal or total psp compared to partial psp.
Inappropriate drug use rates of geriatric patients attending to a university hospital cardiology policlinic
Authors: Sarı YE , Ünlüoğlu İ , Çavuşoğlu Y , Bilge U
Published: November 2021

Background:

The interest in risks related to inappropriate drug use (IDU) and polypharmacy among the elderly has increased in recent years.

Aims:

We aimed to determine the frequency of IDU and multiple drug use in elderly patients in the cardiology outpatient clinic.

Patients and Methods:

In this prospective, cross-sectional study, a total of 513 patients aged 65 years and above who were admitted to the Cardiology Policlinic between December 2017 and January 2018 were included. To determine the prevalence of IDU, we investigated the suitability of the drugs used by the patients (according to the criteria of Beers 2015 and Screening Tool of Older People's Prescriptions [STOPP] version 2), the number of violated criteria in both the guidelines and which criterion was violated by the inappropriate drugs.

Results:

The 513 patients (mean age: 73.18 ± 5.99) in this study included females (n = 235; 45.8%) and males (n = 278; 54.2%). A total of 2,910 drugs were used by the 513 patients (mean per patient: 5.67 ± 2.51); 52.8% of the patients were using more than five drugs. The Beers criteria revealed that 304 IDUs were detected among the drugs and showed that 38.6% (n = 198) of the patients had IDU. According to the STOPP criteria, 366 IDUs were identified among the drugs used, and 45.6% (n = 234) of the patients had IDU.

Conclusion:

IDU frequencies of the elderly patients are similar to the world literature in our study. As the number of chronic illnesses the patients had increases, the frequency of IDU increases according to Beers and STOPP criteria in our study.
The effectiveness of ethylenediaminetetraacetic, etidronic, and peracetic acids activated with ultrasonics or diode laser on calcium hydroxide removal from root canal walls
Authors: Savur İG , Ulusoy Öİ
Published: November 2021

Background:

To assess the efficiency of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), etidronic (HEBP), and peracetic (PAA) acids agitated with ultrasonic energy or diode laser on removing calcium hydroxide (CH) dressings from root canal walls.

Material and Methods:

Single root canals of eighty extracted human teeth were chemomechanically instrumented and filled with CH. Sixty teeth were divided into six experimental groups (n = 10) according to the applied irrigation regimens for the removal of CH: Group 1: 5.25% NaOCl—17% EDTA, Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI); Group 2: 5.25% NaOCl + 9% HEBP, PUI; Group 3: 5.25% NaOCl—2% PAA, PUI; Group 4: 5.25% NaOCl—17% EDTA, Diode laser-activated irrigation (LAI); Group 5: 5.25% NaOCl + 9% HEBP, LAI; Group 6: 5.25% NaOCl—2% PAA, LAI. The other 20 teeth were served as negative (n = 10) and positive controls (n = 10). The residuary amount of CH was scored in coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root canals by using scanning electron microscope. The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis H with Bonferroni adjusted Mann-Whitney U test with a significance level of 0.05.

Results:

Etidronic acid activated with ultrasonics or diode laser removed the highest amount of CH from the middle third of root canals, compared to the other irrigation regimens (P < 0.001). Although the residual CH scores of PAA-PUI, PAA-LAI, and EDTA-PUI, EDTA-LAI groups were not statistically different from each other (P > 0.05), lower amount of CH was observed in the PAA-PUI and PAA-LAI groups.

Conclusions:

Use of etidronic acid activated with ultrasonics or diode laser can be an appropriate irrigation regimen for CH removal from root canal system.
The investigation of biochemical and microbiological properties of four different honey types produced in turkey and the comparison of their effects with silver sulfadiazine on wound healing in a rat model of burn injury
Authors: Bulut S Pamak , Gurbuzel M , Karabela SN , Pence HH , Aksaray S , Topal U
Published: November 2021

Background:

To determine and compare the effects of different honey types on wound healing in an animal model, with silver sulfadiazine as the standard treatment.

Materials and Methods:

Five different groups were created with eight rats in each group. Partial-depth burns were created, and different types of honey and silver sulfadiazine were applied to the respective groups. Rats were monitored for 21 days, and wound cultures were obtained. Histopathological evaluation and cytokine analysis of final tissue samples were performed. In addition, the biochemical and microbiological analyses of the four types of honey used in the study were performed.

Results:

Wound shrinkage comparisons showed that all four honey-treated groups (Bingöl, Konya, cotton, and citrus) performed better than the silver sulfadiazine group (honey groups, respectively, 86.86%, 84.72%, 89.61%, and 95.33% vs. control 82.90%). However, only citrus honey caused a significant difference in wound shrinkage rate when compared with other groups as well with control group (95.34% vs. 82.9%, P < 0.05). In tissues, all honey groups had higher cytokine (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1B, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) values compared with controls (P < 0.001). Honey analysis showed a significant inverse relationship between Fe (iron) and the number of diastases.

Conclusions:

The results of this study support the role of honey in wound healing, due to its antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects. More studies are needed to identify the role of honey composition in wound healing.
Prevalence of apical periodontitis between root canal-treated and non-treated teeth and between genders
Authors: Mashyakhy M , Alkahtany M
Published: November 2021

Background:

Apical periodontitis (AP) is one of the most important prognostic factors in almost all endodontic outcome studies. The high prevalence of AP has been reported in different populations.

Aims:

The aim of the present study was to investigate (a) the overall prevalence of AP among all permanent teeth, (b) the differences between root canal-treated (RCT) and non-treated teeth in association with AP, and (c) the influence of gender on AP in a Saudi Arabian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 208 CBCT radiographs (including 5,504 permanent teeth) were investigated. The CBCT machine used in this study was a 3D Accuitomo 170 (Morita, Japan) with the following features: 90 kV, 5–8 mA, 17.5 s exposure time, and 0.25 mm voxel size. The radiographs of the axial, coronal, and sagittal segments of each tooth were acquired to evaluate the presence or absence of RCT teeth and AP. The data were presented as frequencies and percentages. Z test was used to analyze the differences in proportions at the significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:

The overall prevalence of AP was 4.5% (264 out of 5,504 permanent teeth). AP had the highest frequencies in the mandibular and maxillary first molars (18.4 and 9.3%, respectively) with a higher prevalence in the maxillary teeth. AP was associated with endodontically treated teeth more than the untreated ones (66.3% compared with 33.7%) with a highly significant difference (P < 0.001). AP was more prevalent in females than in males but with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

AP had a low prevalence (4.5%) in all permanent teeth and was highly associated with RCT teeth (66.3%). First molars had the highest prevalence of AP. Care must be taken when examining patient radiographs to avoid missing AP, particularly in RCT teeth.
Association of blood pressure with dietary intake, physical activity, and anthropometric measurements in Turkish adolescents
Authors: Firat S , Nogay NH
Published: November 2021

Background:

Determining high blood pressure in childhood is an important step to reduce the risk of occurrence of high blood pressure–related diseases in adulthood.

Aims:

This study aimed to assess the association of blood pressure with dietary intake, physical activity, and anthropometric measurements in Turkish adolescents.

Patients and Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 370 students (202 females, 168 males) aged 14 to 18 years from one private and one public school in Kayseri, Turkey. Some anthropometric measurements and 24-hour dietary recall of the students were obtained. Their blood pressures were measured, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) were used.

Results:

The body mass index (BMI) mean and waist/height ratio of the hypertensive group were significantly higher than those of the prehypertensive group, whereas their daily potassium, calcium, and magnesium intakes were significantly lower than those of the normotensive group. The percentage of individuals with very low diet quality was higher in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive group (P > 0.05). The percentage of participants with sufficient physical activity was higher in the normotensive group than in the prehypertensive and hypertensive groups.

Conclusion:

Factors such as high BMI and waist/height rates; low calcium, magnesium, and potassium intakes with diet; insufficient physical activity; and low quality of diet might cause an increase in the blood pressure.
Lumbar-peritoneal shunt for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Liao Chia-Lin , Tseng Pao-Hui , Huang Hsin-Yi , Chiu Tsung-Lang , Lin Shinn-Zong , Tsai Sheng-Tzung
Published: November 2021

Objectives:

Normal-pressure hydrocephalus is a clinical syndrome consisting of dilated cerebral ventricles with the clinical triad of gait disturbance, cognitive impairment and/or urinary dysfunction. Lumbar-peritoneal (LP) shunt could improve idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) while its effectiveness on secondary NPH (sNPH) is elusive. We compared the clinical results of the patients who received LP shunt surgery between iNPH and sNPH.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed the patients who received LP shunt surgery in a single center from January 1, 2017, to June 30, 2017. Patients selected for LP shunt placement had at least two of three cardinal symptoms of iNPH. The symptoms should persist for more than 3 months with compatible brain magnetic resonance imaging findings. All patients were followed up with iNPH grading scale (iNPHGS) and Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) for evaluation.

Results:

Thirty-three patients (23 male and 10 female patients) with mean age 76-year-old completed follow-up in this study, and 17 patients received lumbar drainage tests and intracranial pressure measurements. Both iNPH (n = 22) and sNPH (n = 11) groups did not have major complications such as infection, nerve root injury, or shunt failure. Both groups have significant improvement in iNPHGS and MRS. Interestingly, we found the correlation between both opening intracranial pressure and pressure gradient difference to the improvement percentage from LP shunt.

Conclusion:

The safety and effectiveness for sNPH patients who received LP shunt placement are equivalent to the iNPH patients. Lumbar drainage test provides prerequisite outcome prediction and should be considered to identify NPH patients planned to receive LP shunt.
Knowledge of genetic eye diseases and genetic services and attitudes toward genetic testing and gene therapy
Authors: Ganne Pratyusha , Damagatla Manikanta , Naidu Navya Krishna
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE:

Genetic eye diseases are among the top ten causes of ocular health burden. Asia accounts for nearly two-thirds of the global burden of genetic eye diseases. A great deal of resources is being invested in genetic research and development of genetic services including gene testing laboratories and genetic counseling in India. These efforts will be meaningful only if the public and clinicians are aware of their existence. This study aimed to understand the level of knowledge about genetic eye diseases and genetic services and attitudes toward genetic testing and gene therapy in four groups of participants (undergraduate medical students, paramedical staff, non-ophthalmologist doctors, and the general public).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a cross-sectional survey in India. Four hundred questionnaires were analyzed from the four groups of participants. Knowledge score was calculated for the different questions. To bring out the differences across the groups, Chi-square test was done with a post hoc Mann–Whitney U-test and Kruskal–Wallis test. P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

RESULTS:

The level of awareness about genetic eye diseases was better among undergraduate students, doctors, and paramedical staff compared to the general public (P < 0.001). The majority across all three groups had a positive attitude toward genetic testing and gene therapy. However, most of the participants across all groups were not aware of the genetic facilities available in our country.

CONCLUSION:

This study shows a positive attitude toward genetic medicine. However, there is a need to improve public awareness about genetic eye diseases and facilities available for genetic testing and gene therapy.
$C^*$ exponential length of commutators unitaries in AH-algebras
Authors: Li Chun Guang , Li Liangqing , Velázquez Ruiz Iván
Published: November 2021

For each unital

C^*

-algebra

A

, we denote

\operatorname{cel}_{\operatorname{CU}}(A)=\sup\{\operatorname{cel}(u):u\in\operatorname{CU}(A)\}

, where

\operatorname{cel}(u)

is the exponential length of

u

and

\operatorname{CU}(A)

is the closure of the commutator subgroup of

U_0(A)

. In this paper, we prove that

\operatorname{cel}_{\operatorname{CU}}(A)\geq2\pi

provided that

A

is an AH-algebra with slow dimension growth whose real rank is not zero. On the other hand, we prove that

\operatorname{cel}_{\operatorname{CU}}(A)\leq 2\pi

when

A

is an AH-algebra with ideal property and of no dimension growth (if we further assume that

A

is not of real rank zero, we have

\operatorname{cel}_{\operatorname{CU}}(A)=2\pi

).
Variation of the uncentered maximal characteristic function
Authors: Weigt Julian
Published: November 2021

Let

\mathrm{M}

be the uncentered Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator, or the dyadic maximal operator, and let

d\geq 1

. We prove that for a set

E\subset\mathbb{R}^d

of finite perimeter, the bound

\operatorname{var}\mathrm{M} 1_E\leq C_d \operatorname{var} 1_E

holds. We also prove this for the local maximal operator.
Convocatoria de protesta a través de Instagram, un análisis socio cognitivo de estrategias discursivas en el contexto del movimiento social en Chile (2019-2020)
Authors: Alarcón Silva Mauricio , Cárdenas Neira Camila
Published: November 2021

Introducción: El artículo presenta resultados preliminares de estudio piloto enmarcado en una investigación sobre estrategias discursivas en la construcción de textos de convocatoria a jornadas de protesta, propagadas en redes sociales, en el transcurso de la movilización social en Chile (2019-2020). Desde una dimensión sociocognitiva, se abordan los recursos ideológicos y metafóricos desplegados discursivamente a través de Instagram, una plataforma emergente en el campo de la comunicación política. Metodología: Con un diseño cualitativo de alcance descriptivo, se analiza un corpus de textos multimodales, seleccionados desde una cuenta de base ciudadana, de carácter contra informativa, que durante el estallido social (entre el 18 de octubre de 2019 y 18 de marzo de 2020), contaba con mayor número de seguidores. Resultados: Se identifican categorías que definen en el discurso ideológico del movimiento, así como las formas de entender los procesos y actores políticos partícipes del movimiento a partir del uso de ciertas metáforas conceptuales. Discusión y conclusiones: Los resultados, junto con caracterizar una dimensión cognitiva del género convocatoria de protesta, permite una aproximación a la configuración de unos discursos resistentes que trascienden la mera convocatoria, para articular otros marcos de interpretación colectiva vinculados a los procesos de cambio social. Las categorías discursivas analizadas relevan la persistencia de una lucha callejera y solidaria, que posiciona al movimiento como un actor clave en el debate político, cuyos valores y principios tensionan y disputan la supremacía de la estructura valórica política hegemónica.
El estrés laboral en docentes de Educación Básica y el teletrabajo en Ecuador
Authors: González-Palma Karina , Alarcón-Chávez Betty
Published: November 2021

El objetivo del trabajo es establecer el nivel de estrés de laboral que pudieren estar experimentando los docentes de educación básica a partir del teletrabajo realizado por la llegada de la pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 a Ecuador y el mundo. Se realizó un estudio investigativo en la Escuela Teniente Hugo Ortiz de la ciudad de Portoviejo mediante un método deductivo de tipo cualitativo, se aplicaron técnicas de recolección de información como la entrevista para conocer la condición del teletrabajo y un cuestionario basado en Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), a fin de poder medir el nivel de estrés laboral de los docentes. Entre los principales resultados se puede mencionar que los docentes en un 58% se sienten estresados en un nivel medio alto al momento de brindar sus clases y el 42% mantiene un nivel medio de estrés al realizar las diversas actividades a través de la plataforma digital. De igual forma, se pudo conocer que no todos están insatisfechos por esta nueva modalidad educativa, puesto que el teletrabajo les brinda ventajas como reducción de gastos de movilización y permanencia con sus familiares. Por lo que se pudo concluir, que los docentes se encuentran en un nivel de estrés medio a causa del uso de la plataforma digital y en especial por la tensión que se vive por la pandemia; sumándole a esto la falta de aceptación de los temas proporcionados en clases por la escasa conectividad existente, hace que la información entregada sea repetitiva para algunos estudiantes originando insatisfacción del nivel educativo actual.

Palabras clave: Estrés, teletrabajo, tecnología, eficacia, aceptación.
SMALL-SIZE DIRECT-ACTION ELECTRON ACCELERATOR WITH A HIGH-EFFICIENCY NANOSECOND PLASMA-CURRENT SWITCH
Authors: Skibenko E.I. , Yuferov V.B.
Published: November 2021

The paper presents the results of a study undertaken to determine operating modes for a small-size direct-action electron accelerator with a high-efficiency nanosecond plasma-current switch (PCS). The investigations have shown that using PCS as a base it is possible to develop small-size nanosecond pulsed high-current electron accelerators with a voltage pulse sharpening coefficient of about 12, beam (flow) electron energy of 300…400 keV and current of 100 kA for pulse duration of 30 ns. The ways for improving the PCS and accelerator operating parameter stability, increasing the switching current and maximum accessible switching frequency are proposed.
ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION INTO A SYSTEM OF THE FIRST ORDER EQUATIONS
Authors: Ayzatsky M.I.
Published: November 2021

The generalization of the transformation of the linear differential equation into a system of the first order equations is presented. The proposed transformation gives possibility to get new forms of the N-dimensional system of first order equations that can be useful for analysis of the solutions of the N-th-order differential equations. In particular, for the third-order linear equation the nonlinear second-order equation that plays the same role as the Riccati equation for second-order linear equation is obtained.
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF GLOW DISCHARGE IN ARGON WITH HOLLOW CATHODE
Authors: Lisovskiy V.A. , Osmayev R.O. , Khilko D.I. , Yegorenkov V.D.
Published: November 2021

This paper deals with studying into the modes of burning and structure of the glow discharge with a hollow cathode and a flat anode in argon. We have demonstrated that the electron beam usually leaving the cathode cavity in a high voltage (glow mode) disappears when the anode approaches the edge of the hollow cathode. In this case the discharge is burning only on the outer surface of the cathode plates forming the cavity. The anode motion does not affect essentially the properties of the discharge burning in the hollow mode. We have obtained the axial intensity profiles of the emission lines of argon atoms and ions in the hollow and glow modes for various gas pressure and discharge current values. We have also shown that the brightest lines correspond to the transitions from 3p54p to 3p54s levels. The lines corresponding to the transitions from higher levels as well as the emission lines of argon ions possess a rather low intensity.
Peranan Kualitas Pelayanan dan Harga Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Pengguna E-commerce Shopee Di Politeknik Cendana
Authors: Lonardi Sanny , Lan Wong Pong , Hutabarat Fauzi Akbar Maulana , Nugroho Ngajudin , Supriyanto Supriyanto
Published: November 2021

The aim of this research is to prove the effect of service quality and price on Shopee e-commerce customer satisfaction at Cendana Polytechnic, either partially or simultaneously. The research method used is associative quantitative method through online questionnaires. The number of respondents/sample as many as 35 students of the Cendana Polytechnic from a population of 408 people with the Accidental Sampling technique. The results showed: (1) Service quality has an influence on Shopee e-commerce customer satisfaction at Cendana Polytechnic, where the T test results, the significant value is 0.005 or less 0.05. (2) price has no effect on Shopee e-commerce customer satisfaction at Cendana Polytechnic, with T-test results, a significant value of 0.105 or greater 0.05. (3) Service quality and price have an influence on Shopee e-commerce customer satisfaction at Cendana Polytechnic with F test results, Fcount 11.488 with F significance of 0.000 or F significance value less than 0.05
Analisis Tingkat Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Pada PT Centradist Partsindo Utama Cabang Medan
Authors: Venny Venny , Wilinny Wilinny , Lan Wong Pong , Weny Weny , Sulaiman Fahmi
Published: November 2021

Job satisfaction is a very important thing to note so that all activities within the company can be run smoothly. Research on the level of job satisfaction at PT. Centradist Partsindo Utama Medan Branch started from the high level of employee absenteeism. Main Branch Medan. This study uses descriptive quantitative methods that aim to determine the level of job satisfaction of employees at PT. Centradist Partsindo Utama Medan Branch based on data obtained from questionnaires. The sampling technique used by the researcher is purposive sampling where the subjects in this study are all employees. who have worked for more than 2 years at PT. Centradist Partsindo Utama Medan Branch, as many as 21 people. research subjects where as many as 3 employees (14.3%) have a high level of job satisfaction, 15 employees (71.4%) have a moderate level of job satisfaction, and 3 employees (14.3%) have low job satisfaction
KNOWLEDGE REGARDING ALCOHOLISM AND ITS ILL EFFECTS AMONG FINAL YEAR DMLT (DIPLOMA IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY) STUDENTS IN A SELECTED COLLEGE OF PARAMEDICAL SCIENCES
Authors: Sr. Ansamma Sebastian Sr. Ansamma Sebastian , rani Dr. S. Rajina Rani
Published: November 2021

Background of the study: Alcoholism is a disease in which an individual has an intense urge to ingest alcoholic
beverages and causes personal and social deteriorations. It disrupts the entire life of the alcoholic and the areas of
life of everyone associated with him. Awareness regarding the dangers posed by alcohol helps the younger
generation to prevent it. Aim: To determine the level of knowledge regarding alcoholism and its ill effects among
final year DMLT (Diploma in Medical Technology) students and to associate the knowledge level with baseline
proforma. Methods and materials: A quantitative research design was adopted. This non-experimental descriptive
study was conducted in St. John’s College of Paramedical Sciences in Idukki, Kerala. Thirty final year DMLT students
were included in the study by using convenient sampling technique. A self-structured knowledge questionnaire was
used to assess their knowledge on alcoholism and its ill effects. Results: Majority of students (83.3%) scored
moderate level of knowledge, 10% of them had adequate knowledge level and 6.7% of the participants had
inadequate knowledge on alcoholism.
YOGA FOR MENOPAUSE
Authors: Ms. Kumareswari Kandasamy Ms. Kumareswari Kandasamy , Ms. Kumareswari Kandasamy Ms. Kumareswari Kandasamy
Published: November 2021

Yoga has recognized as a major role in modern society since it provides a healthy lifestyle for all age groups but it is
more important for menopausal women. Natural menopause can occur between 45-55 years of women’s midlife
and most women spend their life with symptoms after they reach menopause. Therapeutic yoga consists of
breathing techniques (Pranayama), hand gestures (Mudra), vocal tones (Mandra), gentle movements (Asana) and
different forms of meditation. Hatha yoga focuses on pranayama’s (breath-controlled exercises) which followed by
a series of asanas (Yoga Postures), which end with savasana (a resting period). As many research has showed
positive effects of yoga on menopausal symptoms. While therapeutic yoga can help to handle the women in
stressful situations gracefully and adopt well to change and keep moving forward in their midlife after attain
menopause.
Association of body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and theirs correlates among female physical therapy students in Multan
Authors: Perwasha Perwasha , Khan Imran Ahmad , Kanwal Noshaba , Gul-E- Mizgan  , Khalid Khan Maliha , Iram Batool Hafiza
Published: November 2021

Objective: To explore the correlates directly associated with body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness among undergraduate female physiotherapists.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2020 at Ali-Ul-Murtaza Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Muhammad Institute of Medical and Allied Sciences, Multan, Pakistan, and comprised undergraduate female physiotherapists aged17-25 years. The subjects were assessed on the basis of Physical Activity Readiness Questioner, body mass index and standard criteria of cardiorespiratory fitness. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
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Advanced technology of growing fodder beet seeds in the Central Forest Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Balahura O. V. , Balan V. M. , Doronin V. A. , Volokha M. P.
Published: November 2021

Goal. To improve the technology of growing fodder beets in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine based on the study of agro-climatic indicators, patterns of plant growth and development.

Methods. Laboratory and field, analytical, statistical.

Results. The article is devoted to the theoretical and experimental substantiation of the parameters of the advanced technology of growing fodder beet seeds by spring sowing under the cover of corn. With this technology, seed bearing plants acquire new biological characteristics: before the onset of stable cooling, slightly larger woody roots with a high content of dry matter (20–22%) and sugar (16–17%) are formed with a well-developed leaf apparatus; due to the remaining stubble after harvesting cover crops (corn) increases the safety of plants in winter, which over the years of research was 89–96%, which provided a plant stand density at harvest of 177–180 thousand/ha, seed yield of 1.6–2.2 t/ha with a germination of 90–94%. Production testing of advanced technology has fully confirmed the field research. On average for two years the seed yield was 1.9 t/ha (control 1.5 t/ha), its cost decreased by 2.3 times compared to the control, the profit from the sale of seeds amounted to 7963 UAH/ha (control 2337 UAH/ha). The total profit on advanced technology, including due to the profit from the green mass of corn, amounted to 9133 UAH/ha, which is 3.9 times higher than in the control.

Conclusions. In the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, it is expedient to grow fodder beet seeds according to an advanced technology, which stipulates row spacing of 60 cm, seeding rate of beet seeds per 1 m of a row 50–60 and corn 8–12; 2) harvesting corn before wintering at the time recommended for this area and depending on the purpose of use; 3) at the onset of stable cooling — hilling plants with simultaneous feeding (N40–50 P60–90 K30–50 kg/ha etc.) with paws-hillers of row cultivators (УСМК‑5.4Б, КОЗР‑5.4, etc.); 4) after overwintering — local application of nitrogen fertilizers (N80–120 kg/ha, etc.) + harrowing with heavy or medium harrows across the rows or diagonally; 5) in the stage of a well-developed rosette — application of inter-row (local) nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers (N20–30, P40–60 kg/ha, etc.) using МТЗ‑1025+УСМК‑5.4Б (КРН 56–02); 6) in the stage of mass stalking — removing of top foliage using МТЗ‑1025+КС‑2,1; 7) during flowering — two or three additional pollination.
The inﬂuence of nitrogen fertilizers on the productivity of energy biomass of willow
Authors: Vokalchuk B. M. , Fuchylo Ya. D.
Published: November 2021

Purpose. Determine the optimal rate of nitrogen fertilizers for fertilizing energy plantations of willow  before the start of the second three-year cultivation cycle in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

Research methods. Field, analytical, statistical.

Results and discussion. Appling of ammonium nitrate contributed to the active beginning of the growing season and the increase in the plant mass in hight. At the end of the first year of vegetation, the tallest plants were formed in variety ‘Tora’ using N70 – 4.67 m, which is more than in the control version (without fertilizer) by 0.71 m, or 16%. For N35, the average plant height was 4.32 m, which is 8% more than the control. The formation of more tall plants to restore more nitrogen was found in the variety’Ternopilska’. Hight of annual plant of this variety in control was 3.68 m, for application N35 – 4.08 m, and for dose N70 – 4.24 m. At the end of the second growing cycle, the average height of plants of the variety ‘Tora’ in  control variant was 6.29 m. The highest plants with the distribution of ammonium nitrate in the maximum dose (N70) were 6.78 m, which is more than in control variant by 8%. For the application of N35, the height of plants of the plantation was 6.52 m and 5.79 m. In this case, the decrease in the share affects the height of plants up to 15.4%, and the share affects the varietal characteristics of growth up to 82.9%. Also nitrogen had a positive effect on biomass growth. The yield of dry biomass of three-year-old energy willow plantation in the other part of cyclic production under control (without fertilizers) was 65.3  t/ha (21.8 t/ ha/year) of dry biomass in ‘Tora’ variety, and 55.6 t/ha (18.5 t/ha/year) in ‘Ternopilska’ variety. In the variants with the use of ammonium nitrate in the dose of N35, the indicator increased due to the control in variety ’Tora’ by 2.8 t/ha and by 3.7 t/ha in the variety ’Ternopilska’. Increasing the nitrogen dose to N70 increases the yield of dry biomass in the varieties’Tora’ and ’Ternopilska’ by 8.8 t/ha and 9.3 t/ha, respectively, compared to the control.

Conclusions. The application of ammonium nitrate and varietal characteristics have a significant impact on the yield of energy biomass of willow. Of the two studied varieties of willow on chernozem soil of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the variety’Tora’ was noted for more intensive growth and higher productivity during the second three-year growing cycle. Plants of both varieties are characterized by higher yields for nitrogen application at a dose of 70 kg/ha a.i.
Prospects of using pine in agriculture on agricultural land in Polissia of Ukraine
Authors: Fuchylo Ya. D. , Ivaniuk I. D. , Makukh Ya. P. , Yukhnovskyi V. Yu. , Remeniuk S. O. , Kusik V. M.
Published: November 2021

Goal. Study of peculiarities of growing pine stands and prospects of their use in agroforestry of Zhytomyr Polissia on the example of agricultural lands of Malyn Vocational College.

Methods. Field, laboratory, analytical, statistical.

Results. On sod-podzolic sandy soils of Zhytomyr Polissia pine seedlings after three years of cultivation were 55.7 ± 3.43 cm in height. The maximum increase in height was observed during the third year of cultivation of the plantation, when at the beginning of the growing season with herbicide Targon Plus the impact of cereal vegetation reduced to a minimum, resulting in improved seedling growth conditions. The high preservation of pine plants and their intensive growth allow us to make optimistic forecasts about the feasibility of growing them as a forest component of agricultural landscapes, especially given the presence of biotically stable 15-year-old pine plantations created by similar agricultural techniques. They were laid at an initial density of 7.1 thousand seedlings per 1 ha, and later thinned to 2982 and 1691 plants/ha, respectively. With almost the same productivity indicators, higher tree height (by 17.0%) and larger average diameter (by 23.8%) allow thinner plantations to have a more positive impact on adjacent agricultural lands, grow more intensively and have higher productivity in the future. This indicates the expediency of pine plantations in the region of research as a forestry component of agrolandscapes a density at the age of 15 years of about 1700 trees per 1 ha.