bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Model-model Blended Learning di Lembaga Pendidikan
Authors: Sari Milya , Asmendri Asmendri
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the study was to analyze the blended learning models used in various educational institutions. These blended models become references for educators who want to apply this model in their learning. The research method uses library research. The results of this research can be seen from many blended learning models used by various educational institutions. There are four MBL developed in US educational institutions, namely: rotation, flex, Self-blend and enriched-virtual models. There are also three possibilities for the development of MBL learning in education, namely web courses, web centric courses, and web enhanced courses. In addition, there are also five levels of ICT use in learning. Each model and type has advantages and disadvantages. Educators can combine or modify these models according to the conditions of their respective educational institutions..
Penelitian Kepustakaan (Library Research) dalam Penelitian Pendidikan IPA
Authors: Sari Milya , Asmendri Asmendri
Published: April 2023

Thesis is a scientific paper compiled by undergraduate students to complete their education. Many methods are used by students to obtain data or information in the preparation of this thesis. This form of activity is often used by students to obtain data by conducting field research. However, this type of research cannot always be carried out, especially in a co-19 pandemic emergency. Literature research is the right way to produce scientific work. But not all students are ready to do this library research. One reason is that there are no guidelines and examples they can guide to conducting this research. So the purpose of this writing is to provide guidelines for students and lecturers to carry out library research in the field of education.
Anauchen (?) kozari n. sp., a new Hypselostomatid species from Laos (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Pupilloidea)
Authors: Páll-Gergely Barna
Published: April 2023

Anauchen (?) kozari n. sp. is described from Luang Prabang province, central Laos. This new species is temporarily placed in the genus Anauchen due to the similarity of its apertural barriers to those of A. messageri (Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1904). Boysidia gereti Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1904 is a junior synonym of Anauchen rochebruni (Mabille, 1887) (originally described as Hypselostoma).
Determination of morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine and noscapine in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Wang Ying , He Yifan , Wang Xianqin , Wen Congcong , Cao Jianbin
Published: April 2023

In this work, a UPLC-MS/MS assay was established for the determination of morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine and noscapine in rat plasma. ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column was employed for chromatographic separation with the mobile phase comprised acetonitrile-10 mmol L−1 ammonium acetate aqueous solution (0.05% aqueous ammonia) using gradient elution. Midazolam was used as internal standard (IS). Electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive-ion mode with reaction monitoring (MRM) was used for quantitative analysis. The calibration curves for morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine and noscapine demonstrated good linearity (r > 0.995) in the range of 5–500 ng mL−1 for morphine and codeine, and 1–100 ng mL−1 for thebaine, papaverine and noscapine. The intra-day and inter-day precisions of morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine and noscapine were within 15%, the intra-day and inter-day accuracies were 89–114%, the recovery was better than 65%, and the matrix effects were 96–112%. The developed UPLC-MS/MS assay was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetics of papaverine and noscapine.
CLL-hez társuló szteroid refrakter AIHA sikeres kezelése bruton tirozin kináz gátlóval
Authors: Balla Evelin , Jakucs János , Orosi Norbert , Hallai Henrietta
Published: April 2023

Absztrakt

A B-CLL-ben szenvedő betegeink közel 20%-a esetében a kórlefolyás során jelentkezik autoimmun betegség, melyek jelentős része jól kezelhető. Jelen esettanulmány kapcsán egy olyan betegünket mutatjuk be, aki nem ebbe a csoportba tartozik. A 2016 óta ismert, „watch and wait” stratégia mentén obszervált beteg 2018-ban gravis, DAT-pozitív haemolitikus anaemia miatt került sürgősséggel felvételre. Parenterális nagy dózisú szteroid lökésterápiát alkalmaztunk B12-és folsavpótlás mellett. Nem szűnő transzfúziós igény miatt terápiáját rituximabbal egészítettük ki. Genetikai vizsgálatok eredményére várva, az elégtelen terápiás válasz miatt R-CVP-terápiát alkalmaztunk, melyre a beteg kiválóan reagált. A várt eredmények megérkeztek: 11q- és mutálatlan IGHV-státusz igazolódott. A hatodik ciklus R-CVP után mintegy egy évvel ismételten gravis hemolízis lépett fel, ekkor – a mutálatlan IGHV-státuszra való tekintettel – ibrutinibterápia mellett döntöttünk. A beteg rapidan romló általános állapota, súlyosbodó hipoxiás tünetei, fokozódó transzfúziós igénye miatt a BTK-hatás kifejlődésére nem várhattunk: intravénás immunglobulin-terápiát alkalmaztunk, valamint a korábban elkezdett ibrutinibet folytattuk. Ezt követően a beteg állapota nagyon gyorsan javult, hemoglobinértéke rapidan emelkedett, transzfúziós igénye megszűnt. A B-CLL terápiájában egyre inkább háttérbe szorulnak a kemoterápiás rezsimek, és teret adnak az innovatív, célzott terápiáknak. Ezek a hatóanyagok a hagyományos kezelésekre nem reagáló szekunder AIHA kezelésében is igen jó eredménnyel alkalmazhatóak.
Covid–19-asszociált autoimmun hemolitikus anémia
Authors: Brúgós Boglárka , Kiss Evelin , Illés Árpád
Published: April 2023

Az autoimmun hemolitikus anémia (AIHA) ritka hematológiai kórkép, amelynek hátterében autoantitest okozta vörösvérsejt-destrukció áll. Az esetek körülbelül 50%-a idiopátiás vagy primer AIHA, míg a szekunder esetek hátterében infekció, szisztémás autoimmun betegség, szolid tumorok, limfoproliferatív betegségek, gyógyszermellékhatás áll. A SARS-CoV-2 vírus okozta Covid-19-pandémia jelentkezése óta megnőtt azon AIHA-s betegek száma, ahol a SARS-CoV-2 vírus okozta infekció szerepel etiológiai tényezőként. Cikkünkben ismertetjük egy Covid–19 indukálta AIHA-s beteg esetét, illetve irodalmi áttekintést nyújtunk a témában.
Comparative study of metaheuristics on optimal design of gravity retaining wall
Authors: Alsamia Shaymaa , Koch Edina , Hamadi Hanaa Shihab
Published: April 2023

Retaining walls are typical geotechnical engineering applications analyzed extensively in the literature. However, the optimal design of these walls is still unsolved due to the optimization problem's complexity and the unrecognized best solver that can be used. Most similar works present a single optimizer for this problem. This work used six metaheuristics to formulate and solve the optimal gravity retaining wall problem design. The comparative study was achieved among particle swarm optimization, grey wolf optimizer, artificial bee colony, dynamic differential annealed optimization, fertilization optimization algorithm, and whale optimization algorithm. The problem and its results were discussed in detail within the respective sections.
Characteristics of Mothers by Source of Payment for the Delivery: United States, 2021
Authors: Valenzuela Claudia , Osterman J.K. Michelle
Published: April 2023

This report describes the principal source of payment for delivery in 2021 overall and by maternal race and Hispanic origin, age, and education.
Studies on haematological changes in GI nematodes in cattle and buffalo in Udaipur, district (Rajasthan)
Authors: Singh Robin , Manzer Hakim
Published: April 2023

A study on prevalence of for gastrointestinal nematode in the infected and non-infected cattle and buffalo of Udaipur district (Rajasthan) from Sept. 2020 to January 2021 by haematological parameters such as haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), total leucocyte Count (TLC) and differential leucocyte count (DLC). The highly significant decrease in haemoglobin concentration innematode infected and non-infected buffalo (8.65±0.2335 and 10.12±0.1077) and (8.63±0.2886 and 09.84±0.1411) in infected and in non-infected cattle, respectively. The packed cell volume showed highly significant decrease in nematode infected and non-infected buffalo (28.98±0.2101 and 32.94±0.2477) and (27.64±0.5337 and 30.65±0.3956) in infected and non-infected cattle, respectively. The highly significant decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate in nematode infected and non-infected buffalo (0.80±0.0245 and 1.00±0.0167) and in cattle was found to be in infected (0.63±0.0287) and in non-infected (0.97±0.0240), respectively.Total leukocyte count (TLC) value significant increase for infected and noninfected buffalo and cattle buffalo (8.53±0.2784 and 10.45±0.2538) and (8.36±0.2582 and 10.49±0.1689), respectively. In the infected buffalo neutrophils (32.96±0.3084), eosinophils (5.50±0.2049).Basophils (0), lymphocytes (62.36±0.2948) and monocytes (5.48±0.1831). However, in non-infected buffalo neutrophils (37.21±0.3701), eosinophils (4.60±0.2196), basophils (0), lymphocytes (57.21±0.2802) and monocytes (4.99±0.2094). Whereas, in infected cattle neutrophils (28.02±0.2914), eosinophils (5.74±0.1942) basophils (0), lymphocytes (67.48±0.2979) and monocytes (5.57±0.1547). However, in non-infected cattle neutrophils (32.15±0.3088), eosinophils (3.88±0.1836) basophils (0), lymphocytes (61.59±0.3475) and monocytes (5.23±0.1832).There is reduction in haemoglobin, packed cell volume and ESR in the GI nematode infected cattle and buffalo. In total leukocyte count in buffalo and cattle lymphocytes, eosinophils and monocyte showed increased in infected group.
Identifying urban consumer behaviour in purchasing of frozen meat and meat products in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Sai M. Mohith , Kishore N.T. Krishna
Published: April 2023

The frozen food products, especially frozen meat products, offer enhanced palatability as compared to their homecooked counterparts, these products are available year-round regardless of the season. A representative sample of 120 meat consumersin three cities of Andhra Pradesh i.e., Vishakhapatnam, Vijayawada and Tirupati were taken for the study. Consumption pattern of majority of respondents reveals that they consume eggs daily, poultry meat once a week, mutton and sea food once in a month and never consumed beef and pork. Average monthly consumption of majority respondents reveals they consume 60-120 eggs, 3-5 kg chicken, upto 1 kg mutton and sea food, respectively.The major reasons for consumer stimuli towards purchasing of meat and meat products were meat is rich source of protein, tasty and easily available. The most considered motives by sample respondents for purchasing and consumption of meat and meat products were ‘Meat is good for healthy lifestyle’ and ‘Consumption of meat is in family/religion culture’, respectively. The major motives for frozen meat and meat products consumption were “Convenience of store and use”, “Pre prepared (readiness)” and “Time saving”, respectively. The majority of the respondents prefer 30-40 per cent frozen fish and sea food in their diet when compared to other categories of meat.
Study on profitability of sunhemp seed production over blackgram in rice follows of Srikakulam district of north coastal AP
Authors: Amarajyoti P. , Naidu D. Chinnam , Mounika B. , Naveenkumar G.
Published: April 2023

The crops like sun hemp, pulses, daincha, pillipesra are used as green manure or cover crops grown primarily for soil incorporation. The green manuring is the easiest and cheapest way to enrich the soil fertility besides adding huge amount of organic carbon to the soil and also which prevents soil erosion. Lake of green manure seed availability precede to paddy is major a constraint at farmer’s level. In the farming system of rice fallow pulse yields are reduced due to climate constraints like low temperature and fog during Rabi, crop constraints like lake of YMV tolerant verities, the yields are reducing so that farmers are unable reap the pulses in rice fallow situations in the present scenario. The study on productivity of seed production of sunhemp crop for seed and profitability was a lacuna in this zone. The present study of productivity of sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) seed production was studied for seed yield in rice fallow situation during Rabi, 2020-21 and Rabi, 2021-22 under rainfed situation by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Amadalavalasa. The Front Line Demonstrations (FLD) were conducted at farmers’ fields in 10 locations randomly covering entire district during this period. Observations were recorded on days to maturity, seed yield, cost of cultivation, B:C ratio and net income. The results were revealed that significantly higher seed yield was observed in sunhemp when compared to black gram in rice fallow situation. The higher seed yield recorded in sun hemp (10.3 q/h) over black gram (5.7 q/h) and net income of sun hemp seed production (Rs.19,500/h) and black gram is (Rs.9,750) While the B:C ratio of sunhemp (1:2.34) and blackgram is (1:1.60) during two consequent years f Rabi, 2020-21 and 2021-22.The study revealed that growing of sun hemp in rice fallows is much remunerative in-terms of higher growth and yield components when compared to blackgram and add more green manure to soil and increased net income to the farmer. The farmers realized that, sunhemp seed production is best suitable after rice in Rabi season under rain fed condition in Srikakulam district of North Coastal Zone of Andhra Pradesh.
Knowledge level of farmers about redgram production technologies of UAS Dharwad
Authors: Mirji Mallikarjun , Aski S.G. , Gotyal S.H.
Published: April 2023

The present study was conducted in Vijayapura and Bagalkot districts of Karnataka state during 2021-22.To study the knowledge level of farmers about redgram production technologies of UAS Dharwad by employing “Ex-post facto” research design and by using simple random sampling technique in Vijayapura and Bagalkot districts constituting a total sample size of 160 farmers. It was depicted that, majority46.25 per cent of red gram growers belonged to medium knowledge level category, whereas, 30.00 per cent and 23.75 per cent of them belonged to low and high-level knowledge category, respectively. Cent per cent redgram growers had knowledge about recommended time of sowing, method of sowing and inter cultivations. Majority of the redgram growers had knowledge about yield (96.88 %), major pests (93.13 %), time of application of FYM (92.50 %), recommended variety (90.62 %), varieties resistant/tolerant to wilt (87.50 %), major diseases (86.25 %), spacing (83.13 %), seed rate for sole crop (78.75 %), soil type (77.50 %) and quantity of FYM (76.25 %). More than half of the redgram growers had knowledge about fertilizer dosage (74.37 %), seed treatment (62.50 %), nipping (57.50 %), inter crops (56.25 %), chemicals to control pest (55.00 %) and seed rate for mixed redgram cultivation (51.25 %).This trend is due to their habitual predisposition to set pattern of redgram cultivation over the years using old practices without any change.Hence, the agriculture department has to conduct training programmes on redgram cultivation, establish demonstration plots in farmer’s field.
Development and performance evaluation of shelling unit of power operated groundnut decorticator
Authors: Lakhani A. L. , Vagadia V. R.
Published: April 2023

Decortication is an operation in which the shells of groundnut are separated with least damage to kernels and it involves a lot of drudgery when done manually. Decortication of groundnut is an essential operation prior to use of kernel in any form. Kernel breakage is an important parameter for developing a suitable groundnut decorticator. As a result, a research to develop a power operated groundnut decorticator as an upgrade to the existing 1 hp power operated commercially available groundnut decorticator was undertaken in the Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, CAET, Junagadh during 2021–2022. To start with, the moisture content and feed rate of existing cast iron blade type groundnut decorticator were optimized for better performance for the variety GJ-21. Thereafter, the performance of rubber padded blade, wooden blade and rasp bar type blade of groundnut decorticator was studied and compared. From the analysis of data, it was found that the optimized moisture content and feed rate of groundnut pods for getting better performance of existing cast iron blade type decorticator were respectively in the range of 9.5 % (w.b.) and 90-95 kg/h. Similarly, power operated groundnut decorticators, it was found that there was 94.0 %, 92.8 % and 90.4 % decorticating efficiency in rubber padded blade, wooden blade and rasp bar type blade, respectively. Breakage per cent was found 3.91 %, 5.66 % and 7.80 % in developed power operated groundnut decorticator for rubber padded blade, wooden blade and rasp bar type blade, respectively.
Effect of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (Salep orchid) on quality and standard of Ice-Cream
Authors: Ali Mohd Nayeem , Kumar Vikrant , Jakhar Anjali
Published: April 2023

The study examined the various quality parameters test of prepared ice-cream and cost analysis. Five Ice-Cream samples were found rich in nutritive value, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, sensory quality and economically cost. The determined and collected data of various parameters were analyzed by Random Block Design and data checked out at p<0.05 level. This study concentrates on Experimental treatment of Ice-Cream manufactured methods which was subjected to organolaptic properties. As per sampling, Dactylorhiza hatagirea powder was added at the rate of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% levels, respectively and determined the physical, chemical, antioxidant, rheological properties and cost increases as added levels was increase in herbal Ice-Cream. The result revealed that best score in sensory characteristics of Dactylorhiza hatagirea powder included Ice- Cream were @ 3% followed by 1%, 2% and 4% used of herbs, respectively in selected Ice-Cream and also control Ice-Cream sample. The study was carried out to find the functional properties quantitative of Dactylorhiza hatagirea powder incorporated Ice-Cream. These herbs were used in making improvement and enhancement of medicinal value in Ice-Cream.
Evaluation of fertigation and drip irirgation on growh, yield and quality parameters of bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]
Authors: Rani A. Selva , Subbulakshmi S.
Published: April 2023

Field experiments were carried out during the Kharif season in 2008 and 2009 at Eastern block farm, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to find out Effect of drip irrigation regimes and fertigation levels on plant growth, yield parameters, quality parameters and water use efficiency of bhendi. The treatment includes two irrigation regimes in main plot and eight fertigation levels in sub plot and replicated thrice. Drip irrigation at 100% PE resulted in higher yield parameters of bhendi viz., fruit length, fruit weight and fruit girth and also significantly higher fruit yield of bhendi (13,606 kg/ha) followed by irrigation at 75% PE (12,454 kg/ha). Drip fertigation at 150% RDF with P through water soluble fertilizer registered significantly higher fruit yield (14,434 and 14,711 kg/ha during 2008 and 2009, respectively). The crude protein, crude fibre, ascorbic acid and mucilage of bhendi was significantly higher under irrigation regime of 100 and fertigation at 150% RDF with P as WSF. In both the years, drip irrigation resulted in considerable saving of irrigation water besides enhancing WUE. Highest net return was realized in bhendi with M2S8 (Drip irrigation at 100% PE with fertigation level of 150% RDF with P as WSF) recorded a net return of Rs.2, 60,082. However, the B: C ratio was higher with drip irrigation at 100% PE along with fertigation schedule of 75% RDF with P as basal (12.88).
Evaluation of weed vermicomposts on maize crop
Authors: Chamle Datta R.
Published: April 2023

A field experiment was conducted on the research farm of Dr. BabasahebAmbedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad to evaluate the performance of weed vermicomposts on the growth of maize crop. The experimental design was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatments and four replicates. The treatments were Achyranthes vermicompost (AV), Cassia vermicompost (CV), Tephrosia vermicompost (TV), mixed vermicompost (MV), fertilizer (FE) and control (CO). The fodder maize (cv. African Tall) was sown at the rate of 100 kg/ha. The fertilizers were applied as N, P and K at the rate of 120, 80 and 40 kg/ha. The observations were recorded at 86 days after sowing (DAS). Based on the results, it is concluded that the combination of Cassia vermicompost (CV) and inorganic fertilizers was more effective in increasing the growth of maize crop as compared to other treatments.
Influence of wheat based intercropping system by irrigation scheduling under limited water conditions
Authors: Meena Harphool , Yadav Rajendra K. , Singh Pratap , Manoj  , Yadav Shankar Lal , Dhakar Uditi , Bairwa R. K.
Published: April 2023

An experiment was conducted during three consecutive years of Rabi (2011-12 to 2013-14) at Agricultural Research Station-Ummedganj, Agriculture University, Kota (Rajasthan) on wheat based intercropping system. The experiment consisted of ten treatment combinations viz., two irrigation regimes (IW/CPE ratio 0.4 and 0.6) and five intercropping system (wheat + gram (6:4), wheat + mustard (6:4), wheat + fenugreek (6:4), wheat + field pea (6:4) and sole wheat) were under taken in split plot design with four replications.It is evident from pooled data the maximum wheat equivalent yield (53.68 q/ha) was observed with irrigation regime at IW/CPE ratio 0.6 over application of IW/CPE ratio 0.4 (45.04 q/ha). Among intercropping, wheat + gram (6:4) intercropping system gave significantly higher wheat equivalent yield (58.50 q/ha) overwheat + mustard (6:4)(50.91 q/ha), wheat + fenugreek (6:4)(46.28 q/ha) and wheat + field pea (6:4)(46.08 q/ha) intercropping system as well as sole wheat (45.04 q/ha), respectively. Significantly higher water use efficiency (23.49kg/ha-cm) was recorded under wheat + gram (6:4) intercropping system over wheat + mustard (6:4), wheat + fenugreek (6:4) and wheat + field pea (6:4) intercropping system as well as sole wheat.The maximum net return (Rs.55810/- ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.6) was observed with irrigation regime at IW/CPE ratio 0.6 as compared to IW/CPE ratio 0.4. Among intercropping, wheat + gram (6:4) intercropping system gave significantly higher net return (Rs.62426/- ha-1) and B:C ratio (4.0) over wheat + mustard (6:4), wheat + fenugreek (6:4) and wheat + field pea (6:4) intercropping system as well as sole wheat.
Supply chain of major fruits in North East India
Authors: Jumi Toko , Saikia Bhaskar
Published: April 2023

India is a land of diversity, whether to be said in terms of religions, topography, languages and food habits. Similar is the case with fruits growing in different parts of our country, from South to North and from East to West. Among these fruit growing regions, the North Eastern region occupies a very significant place. In this paper, an effort has been made to discuss the major fruits grown in North Eastern regions along with the availability of modeof sale in markets in the form of a supply chain of some selected fruit crops.
Rainfall based crop planning of Srikakulam district of A.P. under DAMU project
Authors: Mounika B. , Amarajyoti P. , Naidu D. Chinnam , Naveenkumar G.
Published: April 2023

The District Agromet Unit (DAMU) under Gramin Krishi Mausam Sewa (GKMS) is the flagship programme of Govt. of India for weather related services to the farmers aiding in decision making on day-to-day agricultural operations. This scheme is extended to block level to address weather needs of farmers at micro-level. This is a joint effort of India Meteorological Department (IMD) and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) with multi-organisational collaboration to implement various components and issuing crop and location specific weather based agro advisories for the benefit of farming community on every Tuesday and Friday and occurrence of extreme weather. The aim of the present study is to analyze the mandal wise rainfall data and the mandals were grouped based on the distribution of rainfall. Out of 38 plain mandals, 27 mandals received normal rainfall and 5 mandals received excess rainfall during South west monsoon period. Similarly, 7 agency mandals received normal rainfall and 4 agency mandal received excess rainfall during South West monsoon period as a whole. Month wise data showed that the distribution was either deficit or excess during the months of South West monsoon period i.e., June, July, August and September.
An update on food allergy and potential treatment
Authors: Arora Simran Kaur , Vats Sristi
Published: April 2023

Food allergy, an immune response to foods, is a real-world problem for humans affecting about 6–8% of children and 12% of adults, and their prevalence appears to be increasing. Allergies are caused by several food allergens like milk proteins, cereals, nuts, fish, fruits, and vegetables and cross-allergy is also prevalent which may occur through contact surfaces or emerging allergens through new plant-based food products or novel packaging materials. The reactions in the body due to food allergies show the signs and symptoms in the skin, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts.This article provides an overview of advancement in scientific understanding about theprogression of food allergies, their characteristics and underlying mechanisms, various diagnostic tests and possible treatments.
Evaluation of infiltration and rainfall-runoff attributes by utilizing a rainfall simulator
Authors: Yadav Narendra Kumar , Divyangkumar Nakum , Mehla Mukesh Kumar , Kumar Abhinav
Published: April 2023

The impact of different land management practices on the amount of runoff and infiltration was studied in a laboratory for a period from August to December (2018) by simulating the natural conditions. Special trays were designed to hold a unique soil surface cover and rain was artificially poured onto them from a pre-determined height using a rainfall simulator designed to provide rainfall at a constant rate of 100 mm/h for a duration of 15 minutes with a soil slope of 5%.Five different land covers were studied and the results evaluated signified that concrete surface of urban environment offered more runoff about 99%, while greater sediment loss is found in intensely tilled soil cover (640 g) as compared to minimum tillage (320 g), no-till system (210 g) followed by perennial herb system. In minimum tilled soils having a 30% residue cover, the obstructions in the flow pathway of runoff water increased the infiltration amount to almost 30% for the same rainstorm event. For the compact no-till surface, runoff amount was found to 92% of the incident rainwater with a little infiltration as such the surface was closely an impervious one. However, for such an intense rainstorm, perennial vegetation produced a little runoff and almost 96% of rainwater was either retained in the vegetative canopy or infiltrated below.
Utilization pattern of earnings of women members of selfhelp groups (SHG) and constraints faced by the members in running the SHG
Authors: Gaikwad J. H.
Published: April 2023

The SHG is a group of rural poor who have volunteered to organize themselves into a group for eradication of poverty of the members. They agree to save regularly and convert their savings into a common fund. The members of the group agree to use this common fund and such other funds that they may receive as a group through a common management. SHGs are presently promoted by governments, development banks and voluntary agencies, with focus on social and economic issues, mainly thrift and credit programmes. A list of all the SHGs was obtained from Barshi Tahsil Panchayat Samiti. From these SHGs, 12 SHGs from 12 villages, which are mainly engaged in dairy farming were selected purposively by random sampling method. This study revealed bout 46.19 per cent of the earning were utilized for agri-related enterprises. About 15.56 per cent amount was utilized on daily home needs followed by expenditure on health (14.16 %) and on farm (7.93). The amount utilized for student’s education was 5.54 per cent. About three-fourth (75.00 %) women members were faced the problem of lack of training programme. About half (50.00 %) were faced lack of subsidy for business loan, followed by lack of promotion for starting co-operative business (43.33 %) and irregularity in meetings (41.67 %).
Consumer buying behavior towards online meat and meat products : In tier-I cities of India
Authors: Reddy K.S.V.R. Krishna , Kishore N.T. Krishna
Published: April 2023

Online meat and meat products shopping has become more popular now-a-days. People are willing to spend time and energy on purchasing fresh meat through e-commerce. Most of the existing e-retailers offer their services in metros and major urban centers targeting the urban population.The survey was conducted in Bengaluru city. A representative sample of 120 consumers purchasing meat as well as meat products through online retail outlets like Licious, Zappfresh, Tendercuts, Fipola, Freshmeat, Bigbasket, Amazon, Grofers etc.In comparison to other meat items, chicken meat (broiler/country bird) is chosen by 51.66 per cent of consumers. Eggs account for 41.70 per cent of daily consumer consumption, followed by other meat items. The monthly family consumption of meat and meat products is 43.33 per cent, with 3-5 kg consumed each month. Consumers’ reasons for preferring meat and meat goods on e-commerce websites suggest that 36.70% of the sample consumers prefer buying meat and meat products online due to a wider choice. Customers’ attraction to e-commerce when purchasing meat and meat goods finds that 17.50% of consumers were most drawn to buy online meat and meat products due to ease of use. Consumers who preferred to buy meat and meat products revealed that 51.70 per cent preferred butcher shops, while 32.50 per cent preferred online platform. Consumer preferences for fresh meat and meat products found that 42.50 per cent of sample consumers.
Effect of irrigation scheduling and foliar fertilization on productivity, profitability and water use efficiency of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] under climatic variability of South Eastern Rajasthan
Authors: Meena Harphool , Yadav Rajendra K. , Singh Pratap , Manoj  , Yadav Shankar Lal , Bairwa R. K. , Dhakar Uditi , Kumar Rajesh
Published: April 2023

An experiment conducted during three consecutive years of Kharif (2013 to 2015) at Agricultural Research Station- Ummedganj, Agriculture University, Kota (Rajasthan) on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill].The experiment consisted of twenty treatment combinations viz., four irrigation schedules (one irrigation at flowering, one irrigation at pod development, two irrigations at flowering and pod development and rainfed) and five foliar fertilization spray of N:P: K (5 g/lit. water) spray at 45, 60 and 75 DAS(17:44:00,19:19:19 ,17:44:00 ,19:19:19 and RDF) were under taken in split plot design with four replications. Three years pooled data showed that the maximum seed yield (1286 kg ha-1) obtained under irrigation at flowering and pod development stage over irrigation at flowering stage and rainfed, but it was found at par with irrigation at pod development stagein soybean. The water use efficiency did not significantly influence under various irrigation schedules. Significantly higher net returns (Rs.19452/- ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.84) were observed under irrigation at flowering and pod development stage, but it was found at par with one irrigation at pod development stage. Significantly higher seed yield (1333kg ha-1) was recorded under foliar fertilization 19:19:19 (5 gm/lit) at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAS, but it was found at par with 17:44:00 (5 gm/lit) at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAS over rest of foliar fertilization. The water use efficiency was found maximum (23.46 kg/ha-cm) with foliar spray of 19:19:19 (5 gm/lit) at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAS.The foliar fertilization of 19:19:19 (5 gm/lit) at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAS gave significantly higher net return (Rs. 21081/- ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.92), but it was found at par with foliar spray of 17:44:00 (5 gm/lit) at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAS over rest of the treatments.
Survey and studies on fungal diseases of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and their management in eastern U.P.
Authors: Yadav Drinkal , Kumar Vipin , Pandey Ajay Kumar , Kumar Ravindra
Published: April 2023

Groundnut is one of the important oil seed crop in arid and semi arid area of India. In Uttar Pradesh it is grown as rainfed crop in Eastern U.P.and Bundelkhand. In eastern U.P it is mainly grown in Gorakhpur, Deoria, Balrampur, Shravasti and Bahraich not as a oilseed crop but as a dietary supplement or confectionary. The major constrains in its production are diseases caused by Bacteria, Fungi, Virus and Nematodes. Among these Tikka-leaf spot, Rust, Anthracnose, Wilt, Stem rot, Root rot, Collar rot and Yellow mold is noticed as most destructive diseases for yield loss. Among all these Tikka disease and rust are most common and destructive to reduce the quantity as well as quality of produce. To minimize the loss caused by this pathogen various measures are applied. Among all these measures biological control is most beneficial.
Autophagy and LC3-associated phagocytosis: similarities and differences
Authors: Ibragimov B. R. , Skibo Yu. V. , Abramova Z. I.
Published: April 2023

Previously, autophagy was termed as a mechanism used by the cells with a lack of essential nutrients supporting homeostasis. Over the decade of studies, autophagy proved to be a more complex, ambiguous mechanism. Its activation depends on the nature of stimulus, type of immune cells and the final result. Both canonical and non-canonical autophagy, being similar in molecular events, but showing their own distinctive features, are key processes in protecting the body from penetration of intracellular pathogens, maintaining the required level of nutrients in the cell, and removing damaged organelles and cells. Canonical autophagy probably evolved as a homeostatic response to cellular stress and nutritional deficiencies, whereas non-canonical autophagy emerged as a response to suppression of inflammation. Non-canonical autophagy, hereinafter referred to as LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), combines the molecular mechanism of phagocytosis with an autophagy mechanism characterized by ingestion of exogenous pathogens, formation of phagosomes (laposomes) and enhanced fusion with lysosomes, followed by degradation of their contents.

Significant differences were found between the processes of LAP- and canonical autophagy, which are similar in its mechanism of action. The presence of PI3K complexes in both processes, utilization and intracellular degradation of the “cargo” which is not required for the cells and organism proceeding in the lysosomes, and involvement of almost the same proteins provide similarity of their mechanisms. However, there are differences in the initiation of the processes, e.g., different types of PI3K complexes (in autophagy, PI3K III class 1 and 2 types; in LAP PI3K III, class 3 type), usage of reactive oxygen species in LAP, different types of regulatory proteins involved (ULK1, FIP200, ATG13 , Ambra1, WIPI2, ATG14 in autophagy; and Rubicon and NOX2 in LC3-associated phagocytosis), different number of layers in the membrane structure in which lysis occurs (double-membrane autophagolysosome and single-layer membrane in laposomes) clearly depict the variety of canonical and non-canonical autophagy. The two pathways are directed for different types of biological objects, i.e., intracellular pathogens, dysfunctional proteins and organelles in autophagy, and extracellular pathogens, apoptotic bodies, bacteria, utilized in LAP, thus making these mechanisms completely different in their significance.

Collectively, the new data indicate that autophagy performed via both canonical and non-canonical pathways, has evolved into a host defense mechanism capable of resisting immunological and pathogenic stress and mediating immunological tolerance to both intra- and extracellular threats. The present review discusses fundamental molecular differences between these mechanisms, as well as their role in immunity, based on the latest literature data.
Cellular mechanisms for maintenance of feto-maternal tolerance during pregnancy
Authors: Shevchenko Yu. A. , Nazarov K. V. , Sennikov S. V.
Published: April 2023

Pregnancy is an immunological paradox, since a fetus carrying paternal antigens is a semiallogeneic transplant that should be rejected by the mother’s body. However, the fetus is completely protected from immune attack, thus suggesting some complex mechanisms of feto-maternal interaction. Hormonal, autocrine and paracrine immune signals and neuronal pathways play an important role in the development and maintenance of pregnancy. Pregnancy is considered a dynamic and actively modulated immunological process at each stage of pregnancy, including embryo implantation, placentation, fetal development, and delivery, being represented by a unique immune status. Studying the mechanisms of maintenance of pregnancy is vital to address the problems of miscarriage of unknown etiology. Successful pregnancy is closely related to the ability of the maternal immune system to properly adapt for each distinct stage of gestation. This review considers the main cell populations, such as regulatory subtypes of T and B cells, T helper cells, decidual natural killers, myeloid suppressors, erythroid nucleated cells which provide feto-maternal tolerance via various intercellular and humoral mechanisms. Maternal immune cells in the placenta do not attack fetal cells (trophoblasts) due to the tolerogenic microenvironment created by regulatory T cells and other immune cells. During pregnancy, each subpopulation of T helper cells plays a key role in promotion of fetal development through the production of angiogenic factors, providing immune surveillance and suppressing aberrant effector cell responses against a semi-allogeneic fetus. Accumulation of myeloid suppressor cells is especially relevant, when the immune tolerance is required for survival. Decidual NK cells closely interact with trophoblast cells and secrete cytokines that promote growth, mediate differentiation, trophoblast invasion, and remodeling of the spiral arteries. The favorable tolerogenic state in utero predisposes the newborn to severe infections, especially those caused by intracellular pathogens. Hence, the fetal tolerance may differ from other types of tolerance due to the presence of various immunosuppressive cells, such as erythroid suppressor cells in newborns. In the course of pregnancy, the properties of these cells change dynamically in order to meet the demands that arise during pregnancy in a timely manner. Understanding the immunological changes induced by pregnancy may not only reveal new therapeutic strategies to improve pregnancy outcomes, but also highlight new aspects of how the immune tolerance works being applicable in other physiological and pathological contexts.
Evaluation of the functional activity of CD39 ectonucleotidase in regulatory T cells in children with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Radygina T. V. , Sorokina E. G. , Petrichuk S. V. , Kuptsova D. G. , Kurbatova O. V. , Potapov A. S. , Afanasyeva S. A.
Published: April 2023

In connection with the increasing incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the search for prognostic markers of the effectiveness of therapy is an urgent problem. An imbalance between Th17 lymphocytes and regulatory T cells (Treg) is a major defect in the immune system leading to IBD. Extracellular ATP produced during tissue damage, rebound pro-inflammatory effects, and activates Th17 cell differentiation. Ectonucleotidase CD39 catalyzes the dephosphorylation of ATP to AMP, followed by conversion to adenosine by CD73. CD39 is expressed in various cell types, including Treg. Aim – evaluate the functional activity of CD39+ in Treg in children with IBD using the luciferin-luciferase method.

68 children with IBD were examined. Of these, 28 children were in remission, 40 were in exacerbation. The number of Tregs (CD4+CD25highCD127low) expressing CD39 was estimated by flow cytometry. The ATP concentration in supernatants and cells was determined using the luciferin-luciferase test. Results are presented as median (Me) and quartiles (Q0.25-Q0.75). The significance of differences between groups was assessed using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test.

The relative number of CD39+Treg in patients in remission of IBD was significantly higher than in patients in a state of exacerbation. A decrease in ATP concentration under the influence of CD39+Treg in patients with IBD occurred immediately upon the addition of exogenous ATP. ATP in patients in remission decreased by 44.5% (Me 54.5 (41.5-65.9)), in patients in exacerbation – by 32.5% (Me 67.5 (59.7-71.3)). At the same time, in patients in remission, the decrease in the ATP content after 5 minutes of the reaction was significantly higher than in patients in the state of exacerbation (p = 0.01), after 30 minutes of the reaction, no significant difference was found. It was shown that samples with a smaller number of cells and a lower intensity of CD39 expression in Treg had a higher activity of CD39 ectonucleotidase.

For efficient ATP hydrolysis, in addition to the amount of CD39 in Treg, their functional activity is important. The assessment of the catalytic activity of CD39 in Treg in patients with IBD is most informative in the first minutes after the addition of exogenous ATP. In patients in remission, the catalytic activity of CD39 in Treg was higher than in patients in a state of exacerbation.
Outcome prediction of the measles vaccination in healthcare employees
Authors: Ereshchenko A. A. , Gusyakova O. A. , Migacheva N. B. , Gilmiyarova F. N. , Lyamin A. V.
Published: April 2023

Vaccination is the only guarantee for elimination of measles infection. Healthcare workers have a 13- to 19-fold higher risk for contracting measles than the general population. The number of individuals in the population who did not respond to vaccination is up to 10%, and their accumulation may lead to an outbreak of the infection. The aim of our research was to find potential predictors of arising post-vaccination measles antibodies in the panel of biochemical and immunological serum markers in healthcare workers. The group of healthcare workers (n = 76) aged from 19 to 51 years, with proven absence of pre-existing anti-measles antibodies were twice vaccinated 3 months apart with live measles culture vaccine (SPA “Microgen”, Russia). Measles-specific IgG, total IgG, IgM, IgA, IFNγ, IL-6, CRP, total protein, ALT, AST, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, protein fractions were determined before vaccination, 1 month after vaccination, 1 month following revaccination, 1 year after revaccination. ROC analysis was used to gain access to the diagnostic performance of quantitative variables in predicting a categorical outcome. Development of a predictive probability model for the binary outcome was carried out using logistic regression. IFNγ, total IgG, IgM, total bilirubin, ALT activity at various post-immunization stages may be considered potential laboratory predictors of measles vaccination failures in healthcare workers. Meanwhile, the contents of pre-vaccination IFNγ, and IgG to measles virus after first vaccination proved to be most informative indexes, which formed the basis for the development of regression models predicting the risk of both primary and secondary vaccination failures. These models allowed to develop algorithm for predicting failures of the measles vaccination in healthcare workers that can be used for detection of persons at risk for non-forming specific humoral immunity. This algorithm is primarily focused on search for the persons who have not responded to measles vaccination, including subjects with probable immunodeficiency conditions. We do not exclude that, on the basis of revealed predictors following measles vaccination, it would be possible to build prognostic models of vaccination efficiency for other vaccinemanaged infections.
CALCULATING FIRE RESISTANCE OF NON-STANDARD CROSS-SECTIONS OF ELEMENTSOF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES USING THE ANSYS SOFTWARE COMPLEX
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Mostovskikh D. S. , Belyaeva Z. V. ,   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Published: April 2023

The article considers mainelements of cast-in-placereinforced concrete structures: slabs, beams and columns.Theirbehavior under temperature conditionsof a standard fire has been studied. As an example structures of the International Medical Center in Moscow, Western District, the territory of the Innovation Center "Skolkovo"were considered. The software Ansys Workbenchwas usedfor calculation of structures. According to the results of the thermo technical calculation, graphs of temperature distribution over the section height of the elements as a function of heating time are plotted and an assessment of fire resistance based on the criterion of loss of heat-insulating properties is proposed.
CALCULATION OF SOIL PRESSURE ON SHORING OF EXCAVATION
Authors:   LLC «Effect design», Ekaterinburg, Russia, Borisov N. S.
Published: April 2023

The article provides a comparative analysis of existing methods for calculating soil pressure on fences. The effectiveness of long-existing analytical calculation methods and currently developing numerical methods based on the finite element method is evaluated. The positive and negative sides of both methods are given, recommendations for their application are given. The main attention is paid to numerical methods, practical examples of calculating ground pressure on enclosing structures are given. The influence of various factors on the results of numerical calculations is estimated, including the influence of soil cohesion, the influence of soil stiffness and the rigidity of the enclosing structure. A comparison of the practical calculation of active and passive pressures by analytical and numerical methods and the corresponding conclusions are presented. Some attention is paid to rocky soils and their interaction with the enclosing structure.