bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Cross-Layer Design in MANETs (Mobile Ad-hoc Networks)
Authors: P. Suwathi  , C. Kanagalakshmi  , O. Sheela
Published: February 2025

Cross-layer design in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) refers to the intercommunication and exchange of information across different protocol layers to improve overall network performance. In a typical networking protocol stack, each layer operates independently, but in MANETs, the traditional layer-by-layer communication model is often not enough due to the dynamic nature of wireless communication, limited resources, and fluctuating network conditions. Therefore, cross-layer design has become a vital research area to optimize the efficiency and performance of MANETs
poesía visual contemporánea de Silvia Piranesi
Authors: Blanco Ramos Roberto
Published: February 2025

La presente investigación parte de la siguiente pregunta: ¿qué tipo de repercusiones socioculturales tiene la puesta en marcha de códigos visuales dentro del lenguaje poético costarricense reciente para con la concepción de arte contemporáneo? La respuesta se pretende resolver mediante el análisis de dos obras poético-visuales de la escritora costarricense Silvia Piranesi:  Many brilliant notions y 52 poem requests, a partir del abordaje de las concepciones teóricas de la sociología del arte, haciendo hincapié en la contextualización de su obra desde el arte contemporáneo, el conceptualismo latinoamericano y la transgresión.
ruta olvidada
Authors: Córdoba M Paul A. , Samudio Keisy , Rujano Montilla César Anel
Published: February 2025

La Ruta del Tapón del Darién, una región selvática entre Panamá y Colombia ha sido un obstáculo significativo para la integración vial de América desde principios del siglo XX. La construcción de una carretera que atraviese esta zona ha sido vista como esencial para el comercio y la conectividad continental. A lo largo de los años, múltiples conferencias y congresos han discutido la viabilidad técnica, económica y ambiental de esta obra, destacando la necesidad de un enfoque integral que considere los impactos sociales y ambientales. A pesar de los avances en planificación y legislación, la construcción de esta carretera sigue siendo un tema de debate. Las preocupaciones sobre los efectos sociales, culturales y ambientales, especialmente en las comunidades locales, han sido una constante. Investigaciones recientes resaltan la importancia de una consulta inclusiva y el respeto a los derechos de estas comunidades para garantizar un desarrollo sostenible. El creciente flujo migratorio a través del Tapón del Darién ha añadido otra capa de complejidad. Más de medio millón de migrantes cruzaron esta ruta en 2023, enfrentando desafíos extremos. Este fenómeno ha generado la necesidad urgente de una política migratoria adecuada y un fortalecimiento institucional en la región. En ese sentido, la apertura de la carretera Panamericana a través del Darién ofrece oportunidades para la integración y el desarrollo, pero también presenta importantes desafíos que deben abordarse mediante un enfoque participativo y respetuoso con las comunidades locales y el medioambiente.
Monotonía y derrotabilidad
Authors: Diaz Montilla Francisco
Published: February 2025

En este trabajo argumentaré que el razonamiento legal es mejor entendido como una instancia de razonamiento derrotable. Es importante distinguir entre regla de inferencia derrotable y regla de inferencia no derrotable. Tal vez el ejemplo paradigmático es el modus ponens. Dada una regla legal R, R tiene la siguiente forma: A ® B, donde A se refiere a una condición factual y B se refiere a una consecuencia legal. Así, si A ocurre, entonces B es el caso. Pero en algunas situaciones podrían surgir excepciones, lo cual quiere decir que B solo ocurre probablemente. Luego, en el derecho hay modus ponens no concluyentes, derrotables.
marketing social desde un enfoque bibliométrico de literatura, sus características e implicaciones prácticas
Authors: Gutiérrez Gutiérrez Ronald Ariel
Published: February 2025

El marketing social comprende actividades que buscan el bienestar de la sociedad erradicando problemas que afectan el entorno social que nos rodea, con esto se ha caracterizado esta disciplina desde sus inicios. El propósito de este estudio es analizar algunas características e implicaciones prácticas sobre la temática del marketing en el campo social desde un análisis de literatura. Para este fin se consultó la base de datos Science Direct en la sección de búsqueda avanzada y se escribió el concepto “social marketing” para recabar la producción científica que contenía este término en el título de los trabajos investigativos. El periodo analizado comprende del año 2010 al 2023. Se obtuvo un total de N= 176 documentos de diferentes tipos, de los cuales se tomó una muestra de n= 89 trabajos distribuidos en artículos de investigación (84) y artículos de revisión (5). Se utilizó el programa VOSviewer para el análisis de datos. Los resultados muestran un total de 336 palabras clave de las cuales se tomaron 25 que presentan como mínimo 2 coocurrencias y se elaboró un mapa temático con estas palabras. Se identificaron 10 clúster de agrupación de términos clave, dónde el clúster 1, consta de 5 palabras clave, el clúster 2, 4 palabras clave, los clúster 3, 4, 5 y 6 contienen 3 palabras clave cada uno y los clúster 7,8, 9 y 10 contienen una palabra cada uno respectivamente. Se concluye que el marketing social es un tipo de mercadotecnia destinado a la comercialización de productos y servicios, pero con un enfoque de conciencia medio ambiental dirigido consumidores. Este tipo de marketing se enfoca en la promoción de la salud para una mejor calidad de vida en las personas, en cuanto a la promoción de una alimentación saludable y motivaciones para la realización de actividades físicas.
entretenimiento de los videojuegos, como factor de manipulación publicitaria
Authors: Galástica R. Iván V.
Published: February 2025

Este artículo brinda una mirada al mundo de los videojuegos, dicha industria incluida en la economía naranja es hoy la que mayor desarrollo a nivel mundial ha tenido en los últimos años y sus cifras en cuanto público espectador y jugadores activos se ve reflejado en millones de dólares que año con año está generando. El principal objetivo de este escrito es proveer información actualizada de cuáles son los factores que se consideran en esta industria del entretenimiento y son utilizados para lograr cambios de comportamientos a través de la manipulación publicitaria. Este manuscrito de revisión bibliográfica empleó el análisis de contenido, con un enfoque cualitativo. La principal conclusión que se obtuvo es que este entretenimiento tecnológico logra hacer que la publicidad dentro de este ámbito, no se vea como publicidad y logre transportar a su público objetivo a una realidad alterna donde su atención es mayor que cualquier otro medio de comunicación.
Comunicación y saloma como valor del léxico del fenómeno cultural en Panamá
Authors: Pinto Rodríguez Roberto Antonio
Published: February 2025

Comunicación y saloma como valor del léxico del fenómeno cultural en Panamá', así se titula este artículo de revisión bibliográfica cuyo objetivo trata de explorar la relación entre la saloma, una expresión folclórica panameña, y la comunicación. La metodología adoptada incluyó una revisión exhaustiva de fuentes bibliográficas que analizan el fenómeno de la saloma desde una perspectiva comunicativa. Los hallazgos revelaron una profunda conexión entre la saloma y la comunicación lo que evidencia que la saloma no solo fue una forma de arte, sino también un medio de comunicación social y cultural. Se descubrió que la saloma tenía raíces en Europa, específicamente en el yodel, con influencias africanas anteriores. Además, se observó un renacimiento contemporáneo de formas similares de saloma, como las salomas marineras, impulsadas por las redes sociales. A nivel local, se estableció una posible conexión entre la saloma panameña y los cantos indígenas Ngöbe-Buglé. Estos descubrimientos reforzaron el valor de la saloma como un elemento clave en la construcción de la identidad y cultura panameña. La investigación concluyó que la saloma, más allá de su función musical, actuó como un vehículo para la expresión cultural, reflejando y moldeando la vida social y las experiencias del pueblo panameño.
Futuras tendencias de la aplicación del control en los procesos aduaneros en Panamá
Authors: Campble Price Ernesto Ariel
Published: February 2025

Al considerar de forma en que los modelos que impulsan el avance económico de la región centroamericana es imposible no ver como la República de Panamá destaca entre el concierto de naciones, es simplemente impensable que un país con tan poca población y tan insipientes indicadores de macroeconomía despunte de forma tan impresionante guardad las proporciones en el concierto internacional. A simples luces llama la atención e invita a una lectura más detallada de la misma, en este ensayo se ha Tomado la decisión de hacer una “pesquisa” profunda en uno de los elementos que han permitido que Este minúsculo país al compáralo con sus vecinos y con los más importantes actores en la región destaque. Este análisis se enfocará en un elemento que representa el treinta por ciento (30%) del PIB del país, hablamos del sector logístico o terciario de la economía, no es sorpresa que Panamá y su majestuosa obra del canal interoceánico sea un aportador de ingresos no tributarios de una envergadura sin precedentes, mayor a las posibilidades del muchas otras naciones, sin embargo este elemento por sí solo aunque es un diferenciador sin lugar a dudas es solo uno de los elementos que formulan el modelo logístico de Panamá. Si consideramos como se pretende en este documento observar con mayor agudeza los componente de éxito en este ámbito descubriremos que tan elegante pieza antes mencionada está acompañada de un entorno de elementos que cual sinfonía de éxito predispones de forma inequívoca lo que hoy muchos nacionales dan por sentado como un capricho del destino, lo que no es, sino más bien el encause de distintas etapas de profesionales que sin claridad desarrollarlo uno de los modelos de gestión más agiles en materia de intermediación aduanera conjugando las necesidades de muchas latitudes con las capacidades individuales de una noble nación que fue orientada para no hablar de forzada a ser un punto de servicio y transito que un punto de producción y desarrollo.
Nulidad de los actos jurídicos en Panamá
Authors: Cuadra Fedee Marcial
Published: February 2025

La Nulidad en un acto jurídico se reconoce en que alguno de sus elementos orgánicos, voluntad, objeto o forma, entre otros, se ha realizado imperfectamente; desde la perspectiva del Derecho, da cuenta de una condición de invalidez que puede llegar a tener una acción de índole jurídica, y genera que dicho acto deje de tener efectos legales, por lo que retrotrae el acto o la norma a la instancia de su presentación. Con el objetivo de explicar, según el rigor de la sanción de invalidez, la nulidad absoluta de los actos jurídicos en Panamá, el estudio se basa en el Código Civil, utilizando autores clásicos y contemporáneos para abordar el tema. Metodológicamente hablando, se trata de un estudio no experimental, de corte documental y transversal, que se basa en la revisión bibliográfica del tema, a partir de la conceptualización de los elementos básicos que conforman el objeto de estudio. Los resultados demuestran que la legislación nacional interpreta a la nulidad como la máxima sanción que otorga el ordenamiento jurídico sobre los actos mal formados, por lo que la validez toma importancia con relación a la deficiencia que se puede encontrar en los elementos, presupuesto o requisitos de su conformación.
SEED 2024 Workshops book
Authors: Scientific Committee SEED
Published: February 2025

This volume presents the main findings from the workshops held in CoVE SEED. The book comprises 13 chapters, authored by contributors from seven countries: The Netherlands, Greece, Switzerland, Ireland, Belgium, Italy, and Spain. These chapters show the collaborative efforts of institutions across sectors, including universities, vocational education and training (VET), Centres of Vocational Excellence (CoVE) within the Erasmus+ program, and industry partners in transnational and regional events.
Fistula between splenic artery aneurysm and colon lumen as an unusual cause of lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding and endovascular treatment
Authors: Kesim Çağrı , Özen Özgür , Yıldırım Erkan
Published: February 2025

The patient, who had undergone a liver transplant 15 years prior due to autoimmune hepatitis and was subsequently followed for chronic portal hypertension, presented to our emergency department in the evening with abdominal pain and melena. This case report aims to present an uncommon cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, which is a fistula between the splenic artery and the colon lumen, as well as the fistula's diagnostic process and endovascular treatment.
Penerapan Prinsip Efisiensi dan Transparansi dalam Pengelolaan Dana BOS: Implikasinya pada Mutu Pendidikan
Authors: Khoirul Anwar  , M. Darul Fathoni  , Hufron
Published: February 2025

Pengelolaan Dana Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) merupakan instrumen strategis untuk meningkatkan akses dan mutu pendidikan, terutama di wilayah pedesaan dengan sumber daya terbatas. Namun, efektivitas program ini seringkali terkendala oleh kurangnya efisiensi dan transparansi dalam pengelolaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi prinsip efisiensi dan transparansi dalam pengelolaan Dana BOS di MIS Miftahul Ulum Taman serta dampaknya terhadap mutu pendidikan. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi dari berbagai pemangku kepentingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan Dana BOS di MIS Miftahul Ulum melibatkan perencanaan terstruktur melalui Rencana Kerja dan Anggaran Madrasah (RKAM), penggunaan aplikasi teknologi, serta monitoring dan evaluasi berkala. Dampak positif meliputi peningkatan fasilitas pendidikan, kompetensi guru, dan prestasi siswa, meskipun masih terdapat kendala teknis seperti gangguan server dan keterbatasan sumber daya. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengelolaan Dana BOS yang efisien dan transparan berkontribusi signifikan terhadap peningkatan mutu pendidikan, serta memberikan wawasan praktis dan teoretis untuk optimalisasi kebijakan pendidikan di madrasah serupa.
Growth of samaras of Acer negundo L. in Tyumen conditions
Authors:   Tyumen State University, Tupicyna Ljudmila , Inozemceva Alina , Tupicyn Sergej
Published: February 2025

The data on the number of samaras in the inflorescence and their morphometric parameters in the ecological conditions of the capital of the Tyumen Oblast were analyzed. It was found that chemical pollution of the atmosphere accelerates the growth of samaras in the initial stages of ontogenesis and slows it down at the end of the period of fruit formation. The proportion of asymmetric samaras and the size differences between their left and right halves increase under pollution.

Keywords: ACER NEGUNDO, VARIABILITY, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, CLIMATE, LENGTH AND WIDTH OF THE SAMARAS
Pleasant Valley Lake Restoration through Floating Treatment Wetland
Authors:   Department of Environmental Science, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, TS-India, Unnisa Syeda Azeem , Kunchavarapu Yeshwitha ,   Department of Environmental Science, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, TS-India, Harika Sripathi ,   Department of Environmental Science, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, TS-India, Praveen V. ,   Department of Environmental Science, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, TS-India
Published: February 2025

The present investigation was undertaken to assess the water quality of thePleasant Valley Lake, Jubilee hillswhich is a man-made lake originally designed for drinking water purposes. But the lake was disappeared from past few years due to dumped garbage, domestic sewage and the release of industrial effluents. In recent years, the lake was being cleaned with an eco-friendly hydroponic floating treatment wetland technique. This study was conducted to examine the efficiency of floating treatment wetland in improving the water quality of the pleasant valley lake. The water samples were collected before (on 2nd February 2020 at 8:00AM) and every 15 days (17th feb 2020, 7th March 2020, 22nd March 2020) after the installation of FTW and analyzed for the Physico-chemical quality, microbiological data and heavy metal concentration with the use of standard analytical techniques for water quality and the results were compared with the prescribed acceptable limits for drinking water. Of the different water quality parameters, the results showed that the pH, TS, TSS, TDS, BOD, alkalinity and Total hardness are within the prescribed limits while COD and DO are above and below the standard limits respectively. Microbiological analysis revealed that 80% of the strains were gram negative and most of the bacterial strains belong to class proteobacter, water is not suitable for human consumption. The heavy metal concentrations indicated the presence of Cu, Cd, Zn and Ni. The average concentration of metals in treated water is less than that of the untreated water. The comparison of heavy metals in the pleasant valley lake with the drinking water standards and those in water used for agriculture suggests that the mean concentration of Cu and Zn lies within the standard where-as Cd and Ni are above the standards. The results indicated that floating treatment wetlands are effective in improving the water quality of the lake.
Automated Solar Charging Station: An Instructional Mock-Up
Authors: Victorino H. Patindol
Published: February 2025

Abstract: The Automated Solar Powered Charging System Device can be charged and located outside of the building and it is environmentally friendly setup. This research developed and designed an automated solar charging station in teaching Elex Tech 111 – Electronic Devices, Instrument and Circuits and the acceptability was evaluated through an instructional mock-up. Quasi-experiment method particularly survey research was employed involving 25 students, 5 instructors of CTU Tuburan Campus, and 10 experts in the said municipality for evaluation. Data were gathered and treated using weighted mean and t-test. From the findings, a conclusion is drawn despite the limitations of the study that included sample size and generalizability. Firstly, the requirements in the construction of the Automated Solar Charging Station included the preparation of the different parts, namely, the right solar panel, charge controller, photovoltaic battery, inverter, electrical load, and solar panel casing safety. These components were assembled following the different processes involved in making electronic products. Secondly, the Effectiveness of the Design and Installation of An Automated Solar Charging Station as an Instructional Mock-up for the respondents was “Moderately Effective” as perceived by the respondent groups. It was a helpful innovation, especially during this time of high electricity rates among the consumers of charging stations. Lastly, the output is very economical and practical. Therefore, it is concluded that it meets the standards and is precise functional in performing each functions to be used in instructions and is recommended to be adopted and produced for the utilization of the campus-wide.
Is there anything Left?: A Global Analysis on Changes in Engagement with Political Content on Twitter in the Musk Era
Authors: Nutakki Brahmani , Navarrete Rosa M. , Carteny Giuseppe , Weber Ingmar
Published: February 2025

Over the past few years, Twitter (now X) has become an influential platform for political discourse. However, prior research suggests that Twitter may be biased towards right-wing content. Following the change in ownership in October 2022, there have been several changes to Twitter’s policies, particularly in content flagging and Twitter Blue Verification. Understanding how any shifts in outcomes vary across different political ideologies is important for comprehending the evolving political discourse, especially given recent developments. To explore this issue, we examine shifts in engagement (characterized by likes and retweets) for political figures before and after November 2022, focusing on describing how engagement has changed over time. We perform a global analysis by collecting tweets from 6550 accounts belonging to political leaders and parties from twelve countries among the ones with the highest user activity on the platform, namely, Argentina, Brazil,Canada, Colombia, France, Germany, India, Japan, Mexico, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States, between June 2021 and June 2023. Our findings indicate that the number of likes on political tweets increased after November 2022. However, we observe that the number of retweets decreased significantly, along with a marginal decrease in the likes-to-retweet ratio, with no statistically significant difference between the Left and the Right. Our study is the first to offera global perspective by examining how platform engagement has shifted during the Musk Era. To support further research, we release the data on politicians and parties used in this study, with their Twitter data available upon request.
Influence of Brand Loyalty, Brand Image and Brand Equity on Attendance Intention in Three Private Universities in Peru: A Quantitative Case Study
Authors: ERAZO-ORDOÑEZ Yessica , GARCÍA-SALIRROSAS Elizabeth Emperatriz , MACHA-HUAMÁN Roberto
Published: February 2025

Higher education services in Peru face increasing competition in attracting and retaining students. Understanding which elements lead students to choose one university over another is fundamental for universities to develop more effective marketing strategies. This study, based on a quantitative approach, seeks to offer a clearer vision of the components that influence the decisions of prospective students, allowing universities to formulate policies and practices that strengthen their image and, therefore, their competitiveness in the educational market. There are several studies on the variables in the business context, however there is a scarcity of research in the educational sector, therein lies the knowledge gap. The objective of this study is to analyze to what extent loyalty, brand image and brand value influence the intention to attend private universities in Peru. The study has a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design and an explanatory level with the use of structural equations. The study sample consisted of 381 students from 3 private universities in the capital of Peru. The results of the theoretical model were accepted because the RMSEA and SRMR values are very close to zero, the CFI =0.974, Chi-square (X^2)= 268 and (df)=144. It was found that brand loyalty influences attendance intention (β=0.39), brand value influences attendance intention (β=0.24) and brand image influences attendance intention (β=0.38). It is concluded that significant brand loyalty, coupled with strong brand image and positive brand equity explain a significant part of the intention to attend Peruvian private universities.
Customer Satisfaction Levels at Logistics Operators: A Quantitative Study of Two Logistics Companies District of Middle Pomerania, Poland
Authors: DYCZKOWSKA Joanna Alicja , OLKIEWICZ Marcin
Published: February 2025

Logistics customer service is a key element in the selection of a logistics operator. To this end, a study of the level of customer satisfaction in the Polish area of two logistics operators was carried out. The aim of this article is to analyse and evaluate the level of logistics customer service and customer satisfaction in the two surveyed logistics companies in the area of Koszalin County. The main research problem is how logistics operators in the area of Koszalin County are perceived in comparison with other companies and how logistics customer service is assessed in the respective company. The research gap is the lack of assessment of the customer satisfaction level of logistics operators in rural areas. The research method was a diagnostic survey using a questionnaire technique, which was completed by customers of both companies in the area of Koszalin County, on the basis of which the customer satisfaction index (CSI) was calculated. The survey showed a good level of customer satisfaction (score 72.35 – 89.32%), which confirms the effectiveness of the current logistics solutions used by the logistics operators.
an I AI? Kidfluencers And Their Impact on The Marketing Ecosystem: A Qualitative Research
Authors: GOTWALD Beata , GREGOR Bogdan , KOWALCZYK Marlena
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the emerging role of “kidfluencers” in shaping the marketing ecosystem, focusing on their significant influence on purchasing decisions and their integration into modern marketing strategies. Drawing on theories of consumer socialization and peer influence, the study highlights how children are increasingly seen as active participants in decision-making processes within families and as impactful content creators in digital spaces. A mixed-methods approach, including a comprehensive review of literature and in-depth interviews with eight kidfluencers, reveals the dual role of these young influencers: as agents of consumer trends and as conduits for brand promotion.

Key findings indicate that kidfluencers navigate complex dynamics, balancing their roles as content creators and peer influencers while leveraging tools like AI to enhance their creative output. However, the phenomenon raises ethical concerns, including issues related to privacy, parental control, and the psychological impact of social media exposure on children. The study underscores the need for regulatory frameworks to address the exploitation and well-being of child influencers while also exploring the potential of AI as a support tool for content creation in this demographic.

These insights contribute to the discourse on marketing ethics, the commodification of childhood, and the transformative impact of kidfluencers on family consumption patterns. Future research is suggested to delve deeper into the financial arrangements of kidfluencers, their long-term influence on consumer behavior, and the evolving role of AI in their content creation strategies.
Peran Advokat dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Penanganan Kasus Penipuan di Pengadilan
Authors: Risma Silviana Zuhriyya  , Trio Ramadani Sasmita
Published: February 2025

Kasus  penipuan merupakan salah satu bentuk kejahatan yang sering terjadi dalam masyarakat. Penanganan kasus penipuan menjadi penting untuk memastikan keadilan bagi para korban dan mencegah terjadinya tindakan serupa di masa depan. Dalam hal ini, peran advokat sangatlah vital dalam memastikan efektivitas penanganan kasus penipuan di pengadilan. Pemberian bantuan hukum terhadap pelaku tindak pidana menjadi penting terkait dengan prinsip equality before the law (setiap orang sama dipandang dihadapan hukum) asas ini menuntut adanya hak bantuan hukum, melalui penyediaan bantuan hukum terdakwa/tersangka pelaku tindak pidana. Artikel ini akan membahas bagaimana advokat dapat berperan dalam meningkatkan efektivitas penanganan kasus penipuan dan memberikan perlindungan kepada korban.
Optimisation of the World Ocean Model of Biogeochemistry and Trophic-dynamics (WOMBAT) using surrogate machine learning methods
Authors: Buchanan Pearse James , Reddy P. Jyoteeshkumar , Matear Richard J. , Chamberlain Matthew A. , Rohr Tyler , Squire Dougal , Shadwick Elizabeth H.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The introduction of new processes in biogeochemical models brings new model parameters that must be set. Optimisation of the model parameters is crucial to ensure model performance based on process representation, rather than poor parameter values. However, for most biogeochemical models, standard optimisation techniques are not viable due to computational cost. Typically, (tens of) thousands of simulations are required to accurately estimate optimal parameter values of complex non-linear models. To overcome this persistent challenge, we apply surrogate machine learning methods to optimise the model parameters of a new version of the World Ocean Model of Biogeochemistry and Trophic dynamics (WOMBAT), which we call WOMBAT-lite. WOMBAT-lite has undergone numerous updates described herein with many new model parameters to prescribe. A computationally inexpensive surrogate machine learning model based on Gaussian Process Regression was trained on a set of 512 simulations with WOMBAT-lite. These simulations explored model fidelity to 8 observation-based target datasets by varying 26 uncertain parameters across their a priori ranges. The surrogate model, trained on these 512 simulations, facilitated a global sensitivity analysis to identify the most important parameters and facilitated Bayesian parameter optimisation. Our approach returned optimal posterior distributions of 13 important parameters that, when input to WOMBAT-lite, ensured excellent fidelity to the target datasets. This process improved the representation of chlorophyll-a concentrations, air-sea carbon dioxide fluxes and patterns of phytoplankton nutrient limitation. We present an optimal parameter set for use by the modelling community. Overall, we show that surrogate-based calibration can deliver optimal parameter values for the biogeochemical components of earth system models and can improve the simulation of key processes in the global carbon cycle.
Large scale climate response of the Southern Ocean and Antarctica to reduced ice sheets
Authors: Power Katherine , Matos Fernanda , Zhang Qiong
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets (AIS and GIS) are critical tipping points in the Earth's climate system. Their potential collapse could trigger cascading effects, significantly alter the global climate patterns, and cause large-scale, long-lasting, and potentially irreversible changes within human timescales. This study investigates the large-scale climate response of the Southern Ocean and Antarctica to the isolated effect of reducing ice sheet extent. Using well-documented paleogeography of the Late Pliocene (LP) from the PRISM4D reconstruction, where the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) and the northwestern GIS were significantly diminished, we conducted 1450-year simulations with the EC-Earth3 model at atmospheric CO2 concentrations of 280 ppmv and 400 ppmv. Our results reveal that the implementation of the LP ice sheet configuration leads to a 9.5 °C rise in surface air temperature, approximately 16 % reduction in sea ice concentration, and a 0.63 mm/day increase in precipitation over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. These changes far exceed those driven by CO2 increase alone, which result in a 2.5 °C warming and a 9.3 % sea ice decline. Throughout the simulations, the positive phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) persists, intensifying westerly winds and contributing to sea ice export and deep ocean warming. The combined effects of ice sheet reduction and CO2 forcing initially weakened Antarctic Bottom Water formation, with major implications for the Global Meridional Overturning Circulation due to stronger water column stratification driven by surface freshening and subsurface warming. By isolating the direct albedo effect of reducing GIS and AIS extents, this study offers critical insights into the mechanisms driving atmospheric and oceanic variability around Antarctica and their broader implications for global climate dynamics. Although the complete Late Pliocene boundary conditions may serve as a valuable analogue for current and future climate change, excluding the orographic changes allows us to specifically assess the primary role of surface reflectivity. This targeted approach lays the groundwork for future research to explore how the combined effects of albedo and paleogeographical changes could influence interhemispheric climate feedbacks under scenarios of future ice sheet collapse or instability.
Global Patterns and Trends in Ground-Level Ozone Chemical Formation Regimes from 1996 to 2022
Authors: Tian Yu , Wang Siyi , Jin Xiaomeng
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Ground-level ozone (O3) formation in urban areas is nonlinearly dependent on the relatively availability of its precursors: oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To mitigate O3 pollution, a crucial question is to identify the O3 formation regime (NOx-limited or VOC-limited). Here we leverage ground-based O3 observations alongside space-based observations of O3 precursors, namely NO2 and formaldehyde (HCHO), to study the long-term shifts in O3 chemical regimes across global source regions. We first derive the regime threshold values for satellite-derived HCHO/NO2 ratio by examining its relationship with the O3 weekend effect. We find that a regime transition from VOC-limited to NOx-limited occurs around 3.5 for HCHO/NO2 with regional variations. By integrating data from four satellite instruments, including GOME, SCIAMACHY, OMI, and TROPOMI, we build a 27-year (1996–2022) satellite HCHO/NO2 record, from which we assess the long-term trends in O3 production regimes. A discernible global trend towards NOx-limited regimes is evident, particularly in developed regions such as North America, Europe, and Japan, with emerging trends in developing countries like China and India over the past two decades. This shift is supported by both increasing HCHO/NO2 ratios and a diminishing O3 weekend effect. Yet, urban areas still hover in the VOC-limited and transitional regime on the basis of annual averages. Our findings stress the importance of adaptive emission control strategies to mitigate O3 pollution.
A 1 km soil organic carbon density dataset with depth of 20cm and 100cm from 1985 to 2020 in China
Authors: Dong Yi , Wang Xinting , Su Wei
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important component of the worldwide carbon cycle as a vital indicator of soil quality and ecosystem health, with significant implications for agricultural production and climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. Although there are some studies on mapping the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon density (SOCD), the long-time series SOCD products in China are still lacking. Therefore, this study proposed a new algorithm with climatic zoning, aiming to improve the accuracy of predicting SOC densities with depths of 0–20 cm and 0–100 cm from 1985 to 2020. The data sources used in this study include Landsat archives, topographic data, meteorological data, and measured SOCD data. The innovation lies in the zoning models by climate regions using a random forest ensemble learning approach for SOCD estimation in China. The predicted results show that our zoning model outperformed the global model without climate zoning in predicting SOCD with R2=0.55 and RMSE=2.19 for 0–20 cm SOCD estimation and R2=0.52 and RMSE=6.50 for 0–100 cm. Comparably, the SOCD estimation using the global model is with R2=0.46 and RMSE=2.36 for 0–20 cm SOCD estimation and R2=0.44 and RMSE=8.09 for 0–100 cm. Moreover, our 0–20 cm SOCD predictions align well with independent samples (R²=0.69, RMSE=2.01) and are further validated with Xu's dataset (R²=0.63, RMSE=1.82). Furthermore, the comparisons with the published SOC content products including HWSD, SoilGrids250m, and GSOCmap have also shown good consistency, too. Comparably, our predicted SOCD is the best fit with SoilGrids250m products with R2=0.72 and RMSE=1.35. Comparisons of model predictions to independent datasets from the 1980s, 2000s, and 2010s in China reveal substantial connections and a trend of increasing forecast accuracy over time. The predicted SOCD is available via the Figshare (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.27290310.v1) (Dong et al., 2024).
HIDRA3: a deep-learning model for multipoint ensemble sea level forecasting in the presence of tide gauge sensor failures
Authors: Rus Marko , Mihanović Hrvoje , Ličer Matjaž , Kristan Matej
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Accurate modeling of sea level and storm surge dynamics with several days of temporal horizons is essential for effective coastal flood responses and the protection of coastal communities and economies. The classical approach to this challenge involves computationally intensive ocean models that typically calculate sea levels relative to the geoid, which must then be correlated with local tide gauge observations of sea surface height (SSH). A recently proposed deep-learning model, HIDRA2 (HIgh-performance Deep tidal Residual estimation method using Atmospheric data, version 2), avoids numerical simulations while delivering competitive forecasts. Its forecast accuracy depends on the availability of a sufficiently long history of recorded SSH observations used in training. This makes HIDRA2 less reliable for locations with less abundant SSH training data. Furthermore, since the inference requires immediate past SSH measurements as input, forecasts cannot be made during temporary tide gauge failures. We address the aforementioned issues using a new architecture, HIDRA3, that considers observations from multiple locations, shares the geophysical encoder across the locations, and constructs a joint latent state that is decoded into forecasts at individual locations. The new architecture brings several benefits: (i) it improves training at locations with scarce historical SSH data, (ii) it enables predictions even at locations with sensor failures, and (iii) it reliably estimates prediction uncertainties. HIDRA3 is evaluated by jointly training on 11 tide gauge locations along the Adriatic. Results show that HIDRA3 outperforms HIDRA2 and the Mediterranean basin Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) setup of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) by ∼ 15 % and ∼ 13 % mean absolute error (MAE) reductions at high SSH values, creating a solid new state of the art. The forecasting skill does not deteriorate even in the case of simultaneous failure of multiple sensors in the basin or when predicting solely from the tide gauges far outside the Rossby radius of a failed sensor. Furthermore, HIDRA3 shows remarkable performance with substantially smaller amounts of training data compared with HIDRA2, making it appropriate for sea level forecasting in basins with high regional variability in the available tide gauge data.
Effect of blade inclination angle for straight-bladed vertical-axis wind turbines
Authors: Morgan Laurence , Amiri Abbas Kazemi , Leithead William , Carroll James
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have received renewed research interest in the offshore environment due to a number of design synergies that have the potential to decrease the cost of energy for offshore wind. Many studies have been completed on the rotor design for straight-bladed rotors (H-rotors); however, there is sparse information on the effect of blade inclination angle on VAWT aerodynamic performance and the optimal blade design of VAWTs with inclined blades (V-rotors) for maximum power capture. This paper presents a systematic study into the effect of blade inclination angle and chord distribution on VAWT performance for different aspect ratios using a 3D implementation of the 2D actuator cylinder model which has been previously validated against higher-fidelity methods. A systematic approach based on a grid search is used to allow the wider design space to be studied and trends identified. In the case of fixed-chord-length blades, it is found that significant power gains are available through blade inclination, between 12 % and 71 % depending on blade length. This is driven by the increase in rotor swept area. Further investigation indicates that despite this, under maximum blade stress limitations the most economical solution for fixed-chord-length blades is H-rotors. Optimal chord distributions, which maximise the rotor power coefficient, are then obtained, and a natural blade taper is observed. For rotors with optimal chord distributions, similar power gains are observed through blade inclination, again between 12 % and 71 % depending on blade length. However, rotor configurations with the largest power gains are found to have significantly increased blade mass. For a given power rating, whilst satisfying limitations on maximum blade root bending stress, it is found that blade volume, a proxy for the blade mass, can be reduced between 16 % and 42 % dependent on blade length, and rotor torque can be reduced between 4 % and 9 %. This indicates the potential of V-rotors to reduce the cost of energy compared to H-rotors in traditional VAWT designs. Additionally, inclined blades are shown to increase the operational tip-speed ratio, demonstrating their applicability to turbines using secondary rotors, such as the X-rotor, where high tip-speed ratios are required for efficient power conversion between primary and secondary rotors.
Analysis of Discounts in Shopeepay Transactions: Perspective of Islamic Law and Sociology of Law
Authors: Fadhilah Salma Nurul , Nurcahyono Arinto
Published: February 2025

The development of digital technology has driven changes in economic transactions, including the increasing use of digital wallets such as shopeepay. Shopeepay offers ease of transactions as well as various promos such as discounts and cashback that attract consumers. However, from the perspective of Islamic law, there is a debate about the validity of this transaction, especially related to the element of riba in the profits obtained by users. In addition, from the perspective of legal sociology, the use of shopeepay reflects how society navigates Islamic legal norms in modern economic practices. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a legal sociology approach. Data is collected through literature studies by analyzing relevant literature, including journals, books, and articles. The analysis was carried out by identifying people’s behavior patterns in the use of shopeepay as well as the influence of social norms and economic interests on compliance with Islamic law. Promos and incentives provided by shopeepay can be categorized as riba nasi’ah because they come from funds saved by users. Despite this, many people continue to use shopeepay because of its economic benefits, showing that economic interests are often more dominant than compliance with Islamic law. Therefore, stricter supervision from regulators and public education regarding digital transactions in accordance with sharia principles is needed.
University Students' Perceptions of Kahoot as a Tool for Structure and Writing Practice in TOEFL Preparation in Indonesia
Authors: Ahyadi  , Ikhsan  , Ridwan
Published: February 2025

This study investigates students' perceptions of Kahoot as a gamified assessment tool for TOEFL Structure and Written Expression. Utilizing a quantitative approach, the study analyzes responses from 19 participants who engaged in Kahoot-based evaluations. Findings reveal that Kahoot's interactive features—leaderboards, real-time feedback, and competitive scoring—significantly enhanced students' motivation, engagement, and enthusiasm during the evaluation process. The majority of participants expressed strong interest in using Kahoot for future evaluations and incorporating it into their teaching practices, citing its user-friendliness and effectiveness in sustaining attention throughout the assessment. Notably, no participants reported disinterest or demotivation, further reinforcing the platform’s potential as an engaging learning tool. This study highlights the transformative potential of gamified tools like Kahoot in creating dynamic learning environments that enhance traditional assessments. The results offer valuable insights for educators and curriculum developers seeking to integrate gamification into educational practices, particularly in high-stakes test preparation contexts. The implications of this research suggest that incorporating gamified tools can not only increase student engagement but also foster deeper learning through interactive and enjoyable assessment experiences. Moreover, such tools can bridge the gap between learning and assessment by making evaluations less intimidating and more accessible. Future research should explore its application across diverse educational settings and its long-term impact on learning outcomes
An Analysis of Assertive and Commissive Speech Acts in Simon Sinek’s Speeches
Authors: Kholid Idham , Hidayat Agus , Triyani Bela
Published: February 2025

This research discusses speech act analysis, focusing on assertive and commissive illocutionary speech acts in Simon Sinek’s speech. The subject of this research is a video of Simon Sinek’s speech. This research aims to identify the types and functions of assertive and commissive speech acts used in Simon Sinek's speeches based on Searle and Vanderveken's theory. The design of this research is qualitative descriptive, using documentation to obtain data. In analyzing the data, the researcher followed steps by Miles and Huberman, which include data collection, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the analysis of Simon Sinek's speech video revealed a total of 56 utterances categorized as assertive and commissive speech acts. Among the assertive acts, there were 1 instance of asserting, 3 of claiming, 6 of affirming, 5 of stating, 5 of reporting, 4 of informing, 5 of notifying, 4 of reminding, 3 of predicting, and 8 of suggesting. Notably, there were no utterances classified as admitting. Among the commissive acts, there were 3 instances of consenting, 4 of refusing, 4 of offering, and 1 of threatening. Based on the findings, assertive illocutionary speech acts were more dominant than commissive speech acts
Antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from various cavities and mucous membranes of animals
Authors: Lunegov A. M. , Lunegova I. V. , Baryshev V. A.
Published: February 2025

The urgency of the problem of microbial resistance to antibacterial drugs is growing every year, although national programs have been developed to curb antibiotic resistance in a number of countries around the world. From May to November 2024, we monitored antibiotic resistance by analyzing the sensitivity of various microorganisms isolated from various cavities and mucous membranes from 93 unproductive animals in a veterinary clinic in St. Petersburg. According to the results of the analysis, data were obtained confirming the growth of resistance of microorganisms to antibacterial agents. Isolated from animals, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was resistant to penicillins, lincosamides, cephalosporins, amphinecols, aminoglycosides, macrolides, Staphylococcus epidermidis was resistant to penicillins, lincosamides, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, macrolides, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamide preparations, Klebsiella pneumoniae to beta-lactam antibiotics, Escherichia coli to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides, Enterococcus faecalis to fluoroquinolones, Enterococcus faecium to penicillins, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. During the monitoring of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms in a veterinary clinic, it can be concluded that irrational antibiotic therapy is a serious problem that leads to an increase in antibiotic resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. Antibacterial drugs play an important role in the treatment of various diseases, which can significantly reduce the risk of complications and improve the quality of life of patients. However, the effectiveness of these drugs directly depends on the dose, frequency and duration of administration.