bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Sanitation, Personal Hygiene, STH Co-infection in TB Patients
Authors: Fitri Nadya Eka , Mufida Diana Chusna , Hermansyah Bagus , Armiyanti Yunita , Agustina Dini , Suswanti Enny
Published: May 2021

Globally, helminthiasis is one of the infectious diseases that are often associated with the incidence of tuberculosis. Helminth co-infection modulates the immune system of TB patients by reducing Th-1 response that functions as protector against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This condition disrupts the process of eliminating bacteria so that its development becomes more progressive. The impact is the activation of latent TB and the success of TB treatment. A Soil-transmitted Helminth (STH) is a group of intestinal worms that often infect humans. Previous studies prove that environmental sanitation and personal hygiene are risk factors associated with STH infection. The study to determine the relationship of environmental sanitation and personal hygiene with the incidence of STH co-infection in TB patients at Puskesmas Puger, Jember in September until December 2019. This study uses a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique uses total sampling. A total of 32 TB patients met the criteria as study sample. The data analysis uses Fisher Test. Results showed the prevalence of STH co-infection was relatively low (18.8%); most of the respondents had good environmental sanitation and personal hygiene conditions. Bivariate analysis showed p-value (0,476) for environmental sanitation and p-value (1,000) for personal hygiene. This study concludes that there is no correlation between environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, and STH co-infection in TB patients at Public health center in Puger.
Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Stunting and Motor Skill Development of Toddlers in Urban and Rural Areas
Authors: Syihab Syifa F , Stephani Mesa Rahmi , Kumalasari Isti , Suherman Adang
Published: May 2021

The development of child motor skills is closely related to nutritional status. Stunted children generally experience delays in motor development. The objective was to determine the relationship between stunting, socioeconomic status, and childrenâ€™s motor skill development. This research was conducted in 2018 using a cross-sectional method. Respondents were 80 children aged 48-60 months in urban and rural areas of West Java. The researcher used a simple random technique data collection on anthropometric, socioeconomic, and motor skills development. Then it was analyzed using chi-square and Fisher exact methods. The researcher used a simple random technique data collection on anthropometric, socioeconomic, and motor skills development. Then it was analyzed using chi-square and Fisher exact methods. We found that stunting prevalence in rural areas was higher than in urban areas. As much as 30 % of children in rural areas and only 12.5 % of children in urban areas were categorized as stunted. There is no significant association between stunting with the familyâ€™s socioeconomic status and motor skill development. The weight for the age variable showed a significant association with stunting. Children who are malnourished have a stunting risk of 10.9 times greater than normal children (OR 10.9 p 0.001).
Chemical Composition and In vitro Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Effect of Nigella sativa L. Seed Extract
Authors: Cyuzuzo Callixte , Arwati Heny , Irene Tuyishimire , Shoukat Shahzad
Published: May 2021

Nigella sativa L. is a plant with high medicinal profile in the treatment of diseases. This study aimed to assess the chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial and cytotoxic effect of Nigella sativa L. seed extract. Seeds were purchased from supermarket and blended into powder using electric blender. The powder was macerated with 96% methanol. The extracts were then qualitatively screened to test the presence of secondary metabolites and agar well diffusion method was employed to study the antibacterial activity of extracts. In this evaluation, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to examine the cytotoxic effect of extract on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). MTT assay was done on different extract concentrations for 3 days and the results were recorded daily. The findings revealed the presence of tannins, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The antibacterial activity was observed with the inhibition zones ranging from 11.3 Â±1.1 to 16.3 Â±1.5mm while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of extract ranged between 0.5 and 1.25 Î¼g/mL. The black seed extracts contain bioactive substances with germicidal activity and in vitro administration of black seed extract up to the dose of 100â€‰Î¼g/mL resulted no cytotoxic effect on PBMCs.
Reflexión histórica sobre el P. Las Casas en la obra de Miguel Ángel Asturias
Authors: Someda Hidefuji
Published: May 2021

Se descubre y analiza el perfil histórico y político de Bartolomé de Las Casas, según la configuración literaria que elabora Miguel Ángel Asturias en su obra teatral La audiencia de los confines. Mediante un cotejo de datos históricos, se examina la interpretación que ofrece el escritor guatemalteco del clérigo sevillano, en cuanto a su papel de reivindicador de los derechos de los indios, y de denunciador de los crímenes de parte de los conquistadores españoles. The historical and political profile of Bartolomé de Las Casas is discovered and analyzed, according to the literary configuration of Miguel Ángel Asturias in his play La audiencia de los confines. By verifying historical data, a description is provided of the interpretation of that Guatemalan author of the Sevillian priest, regarding his role in defending the rights of the indigenous peoples and in denouncing the crimes of the Spanish conquerors.
Elucidating field retting mechanisms of hemp fibres for biocomposites: Effects of microbial actions and interactions on the cellular micro-morphology and ultrastructure of hemp stems and bast fibres
Authors: Fernando Dinesh , Thygesen Anders , Meyer Anne S. , Daniel Geoffrey
Published: May 2021

Field retting is an industrial process for extracting valuable bast fibres from hemp. In this study, molecular, chemical, and scanning electron microscopy studies were employed to understand the field retting mechanisms involving microbiota, including microbial community dynamics, hemp colonization, functions/interactions, and hemp biodegradation. This study for the first time revealed the coexistence of bacterial-fungal interactions during retting and showed progressive microbial breakdown of the stems. Using scanning electron microscopy, evidence for microbial activities/interactions within the stems was obtained, which helped to understand hemp retting mechanisms. The collective findings showed that: a) initially, easily accessible food within the hemp stems attracted and supported microbial invasion and decay, with activities influenced by the stem anatomy, chemistry, and morphology; b) filamentous fungi as key players in the early stages remarkably contributed to efficient fibre defibration; c) extended retting enhanced the bacterial activities, including bacterial-fungal interactions and their dominant role within the community; d) bacterial attraction and activities were promoted by bacterial mycophagy with a set of different phenotypic behaviours for nutrients and fungal highways for transport within the stems; and e) bast fibre degradation leading to inferior quality during prolonged retting was caused by ultrastructural modifications to all of the major fibre cell wall layers.
Influence of silk fibroin content on cellulose blend film using LiBr solution
Authors: Yang Jiwook , Kwon Gu-Joong , Hwang Kyojung , Byeon Jihui , Ghodake Gajanan S. , Shinde Surendra K. , Hyun Seunghun , Kim Dae-Young
Published: May 2021

Cellulose–silk fibroin (CSF) films were prepared by blending cellulose and silk fibroin (SF) in different ratios (10:0, 10:3, 10:6, 10:9, and 10:12 wt%) in 60% LiBr aqueous solution. All of the blend films were transparent, and their coloration gradually increased with increasing SF content. Interestingly, cross-sections of all of the tested films were observed by scanning electron microscopy and exhibited similar morphologies. The silk II structure was not well developed in the CSF; however, regenerated SF affected the crystal structure of the cellulose and formed intermolecular hydrogen bonds with cellulose. EDS mapping showed that cellulose and silk in the film were distributed uniformly. The mechanical properties of the dry-state film was greatly improved with the addition of an appropriate amount of SF. In contrast with the dry-state films, the films in the wet state exhibited smaller tensile strengths and E-modulus as SF content increased; however, the elongation values were higher than those in the dry-state films.
Manufacturing tubular particleboards via multidimensional-interface extrusion and their physiomechanical properties
Authors: Sun Sijia , Liu Lequn
Published: May 2021

Tubular particleboard is made of wood shavings through high-temperature extrusion. It is a particleboard with round thru-holes aligned lengthwise in the board. This paper discussed the development of multidimensional-interface extrusion technology. Process parameters were determined for the production of five different particleboard thicknesses of 24 mm, 28 mm, 35 mm, 40 mm, and 60 mm. The authors also tested the physical and lengthwise mechanical properties of the tubular particleboards. The manufactured tubular particleboards had the following properties, with respect to the above thicknesses: MOR of 4.9 to 2.2 MPa; MOE of 380 to 250 MPa; IB of 0.54 to 0.37 MPa; TS of 1.7 to 0.8%; and LDC of 9.1 to 5.2%. All met the values specified in the standards LY/T 1856 (2009) and GB/T 34717 (2017). MOR was ≥1 and ≥1.7; IB was ≥0.1 and ≥0.17; TS was ≤5; LDC was ≤15. It was concluded that as the thickness of the board increased, the mechanical properties decreased, but the physical properties increased. When compared to traditional extruded tubular particleboards, the multidimensional-interface extruded tubular particleboards had excellent physical and lengthwise mechanical properties. In addition, the lengthwise mechanical properties were similar to flat-pressed tubular particleboard, and ultra-thick particleboard can be produced.
Thermodynamic Mixing Properties of Li–Mg Binary Alloy
Authors: Kumar A.
Published: May 2021

Theoretical calculations of thermodynamic mixing properties viz., Gibbs’ free energy of mixing GM , heat of mixing HM , entropy of mixing SM , as well as the activity and its coeffi cients, are performed using the Bhatia–Hargrove complex formation model. The mixture is assumed to be pseudobinary. The components exhibit a negative deviation from Raoult’s behavior, and the system is weakly interacting in nature.
Longitudinal and Transverse Electrocaloric Effects in Glycinium Phosphite Ferroelectric
Authors: Vdovych A.S.
Published: May 2021

A modified proton ordering model of glycinium phosphite ferroelectric, which involves the piezoelectric coupling of the proton and lattice subsystems, is used for the investigation of the electrocaloric effect. The model also accounts for the dependence of the effective dipole moment on a hydrogen bond on an order parameter, as well as a splitting of parameters of the interaction between pseudospins in the presence of shear stresses. In the two-particle cluster approximation, the influence of longitudinal and transverse electric fields on components of the polarization vector and the dielectric permittivity tensor, as well as on thermal characteristics of the crystal, is calculated. Longitudinal and transverse electrocaloric effects are studied. The calculated electrocaloric temperature change is quite small, about 1K; however, it can change its sign under the influence of a transverse field.
Василь Стефаник у світлі історіографічної та культурної рецепції
Authors: Ясь Олексій Васильович
Published: May 2021

У статті висвітлюються стильові та жанрові риси творчості Василя Стефаника, які потрапили в епіцентр історіографічної й культурної рецепції. Розглянуто основі тенденції та метаморфози, що спричинили кардинальні зміни його сприйняття в українській думці. Проаналізовано причини використання творів В. Стефаника у політичних концептуалізаціях та ідеологічних кампаніях. Обстоюється теза, що кардинальна зміна рецепції пов’язана із загальнолюдськими вимірами творчості В. Стефаника.
Соціальні наслідки пандемії COVID-19 у контексті суспільної трансформації в Україні: соціологічний підхід
Authors: Степаненко Віктор Петрович
Published: May 2021

У статті представлено соціологічні підходи до соціальної проблематики COVID-19 на основі огляду та узагальнення проміжних результатів дослідницького проєкту Інституту соціології НАН України. Обґрунтовано необхідність формування вітчизняної соціології пандемії як актуального напряму в корпусі сучасних епідеміологічних досліджень. Окреслено виклики та можливості нового соціального досвіду в Україні в чотирьох соціальних вимірах: соціально-структурному, суспільно-політичному, соціально-психологічному та соціокультурному. Досліджено актуальні аспекти біополітики, проблематику соціальних та суспільно-психологічних ризиків пандемії. Розглянуто особливості коронавірусної кризи в Україні, зумовлені її поєднанням зі складними викликами суспільної трансформації, а також з гуманітарними наслідками окупації АР Крим і поточного військового конфлікту на Донбасі.
Функціоналізація нанокомпозитів для альтернативної енергетики
Authors: Михайлова Галина Юріївна
Published: May 2021

Досліджено електропровідні властивості системи порошковий титан — багатошарові вуглецеві нанотрубки (БВНТ) у процесах встановлення між її компонентами електричних контактів при деформації стискання. Спостерігається утворення композитів, яке супроводжується зростанням електропровідності матеріалу, що зумовлено переносом електронів з частинок металу до БВНТ. Показано, що використання композитів метал — вуглецеві наноструктури відкриває шлях до створення «холодних» катодів термоемісійних перетворювачів (ТЕП), які можуть працювати від низькотемпературних джерел енергії. Використання катода з композиту Ti — терморозширений графіт при опроміненні ТЕП концентрованим сонячним світлом дозволило вперше спостерігати напругу і постійний струм за температур 170–350°C, що є до 9 разів нижчими за робочі температури традиційних ТЕП, виготовлених з тугоплавких металів. При цьому струм спостерігався в замкненому електричному колі без прикладання додаткової зовнішньої різниці потенціалів. Встановлені механізми генерації струму і напруги у ТЕП з композитним катодом дозволили сформулювати фізичні принципи побудови «холодних» електродів для прямих емісійних перетворювачів концентрованої сонячної енергії на електричну.
The Heart of the Matter: Secondary Hypogammaglobulinemia and Constrictive Pericarditis
Authors: Schmitt Erica G. , Dalal Aarti S. , Kothari Alok , Kitcharoensakkul Maleewan
Published: May 2021

Constrictive pericarditis is the final common result of a number of processes that affect the pericardium. Establishing the diagnosis and determining the underlying etiology of constrictive pericarditis are often a diagnostic rendezvous. Here, we describe a patient who presented to the general practitioner with edema, ascites, and weight gain and was found to have constrictive pericarditis secondary to an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the mediastinum. Interestingly, she had a relative lack of cardiorespiratory complaints, and, aside from the edema and mildly elevated jugular venous pressure, she had an unremarkable cardiac and pulmonary examination. During the diagnostic evaluation for constrictive pericarditis, she was found to have hypogammaglobulinemia and profound lymphocytopenia. A stool α-1-antitrypsin level was sent and was elevated, which confirmed the diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy, a rare but important complication of constrictive pericarditis. This case highlights important diagnostic considerations and management of these complications for the general practitioner.
Thirty-Day Outcomes of Children and Adolescents With COVID-19: An International Experience
Authors: Duarte-Salles Talita , Vizcaya David , Pistillo Andrea , Casajust Paula , Sena Anthony G. , Lai Lana Yin Hui , Prats-Uribe Albert , Ahmed Waheed-Ul-Rahman , Alshammari Thamir M. , Alghoul Heba , Alser Osaid , Burn Edward , You Seng Chan , Areia Carlos , Blacketer Clair , DuVall Scott , Falconer Thomas , Fernandez-Bertolin Sergio , Fortin Stephen , Golozar Asieh , Gong Mengchun , Tan Eng Hooi , Huser Vojtech , Iveli Pablo , Morales Daniel R. , Nyberg Fredrik , Posada Jose D. , Recalde Martina , Roel Elena , Schilling Lisa M. , Shah Nigam H. , Shah Karishma , Suchard Marc A. , Zhang Lin , Zhang Ying , Williams Andrew E. , Reich Christian G. , Hripcsak George , Rijnbeek Peter , Ryan Patrick , Kostka Kristin , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVES

To characterize the demographics, comorbidities, symptoms, in-hospital treatments, and health outcomes among children and adolescents diagnosed or hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to compare them in secondary analyses with patients diagnosed with previous seasonal influenza in 2017–2018.

METHODS

International network cohort using real-world data from European primary care records (France, Germany, and Spain), South Korean claims and US claims, and hospital databases. We included children and adolescents diagnosed and/or hospitalized with COVID-19 at age <18 between January and June 2020. We described baseline demographics, comorbidities, symptoms, 30-day in-hospital treatments, and outcomes including hospitalization, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and death.

RESULTS

A total of 242 158 children and adolescents diagnosed and 9769 hospitalized with COVID-19 and 2 084 180 diagnosed with influenza were studied. Comorbidities including neurodevelopmental disorders, heart disease, and cancer were more common among those hospitalized with versus diagnosed with COVID-19. Dyspnea, bronchiolitis, anosmia, and gastrointestinal symptoms were more common in COVID-19 than influenza. In-hospital prevalent treatments for COVID-19 included repurposed medications (<10%) and adjunctive therapies: systemic corticosteroids (6.8%–7.6%), famotidine (9.0%–28.1%), and antithrombotics such as aspirin (2.0%–21.4%), heparin (2.2%–18.1%), and enoxaparin (2.8%–14.8%). Hospitalization was observed in 0.3% to 1.3% of the cohort diagnosed with COVID-19, with undetectable (n < 5 per database) 30-day fatality. Thirty-day outcomes including pneumonia and hypoxemia were more frequent in COVID-19 than influenza.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite negligible fatality, complications including hospitalization, hypoxemia, and pneumonia were more frequent in children and adolescents with COVID-19 than with influenza. Dyspnea, anosmia, and gastrointestinal symptoms could help differentiate diagnoses. A wide range of medications was used for the inpatient management of pediatric COVID-19.
A globális tudás piaca
Authors: Csepeli György
Published: May 2021

Összefoglaló. A koronavírus-járvány megmutatta, hogy mennyire
törékenyek az emberiség jólétének alapjai. Steven Pinkernek igaza lehet abban,
hogy az emberiség még sosem élt oly jól, mint a 20. és 21. század fordulóján, de
abban senki nem lehet bizonyos, hogy a trend folytatódik. A klímaváltozás, a
migráció, a civilizációk békésnek nem mondható együttélése, a globális
egyenlőtlenségek és a pénzügyi rendszer elszabadulása eredményeképpen planetáris
idiotizmus jelent meg. A világ minden korábbi korszakhoz képest változékonyabb,
bizonytalanabb, kétértelműbb és komplexebb társadalmi-természeti valósággá lett,
melynek megismerése, kikutatása az egyetemeken és a kutatóintézetekben
munkálkodó tudósok dolga. A vírusjárvány nyertese a digitális szféra, ahol a
tudás globális piacterei nyílnak. Az emberiség jövője azon múlik, hogy
visszatalál-e a szolidaritás értékeihez, melyek megtartották a Földön.

Summary. The coronavirus pandemic has shown how fragile are the
grounds of human wellbeing on earth. Steven Pinker can be right stating that
humankind has never lived so well than at the turn of the century but no-one can
be sure that this trend will not end abruptly. Climate change, migration,
increase of global inequalities the belligerent coexistence of civilisations and
the unleash of the financial system have resulted the emergence of planetary
idiotism. The world has never been more volatile, uncertain, ambiguous and
complex than before. Studying and knowing this world is the task to be done by
scholars working in research institutes and universities. The winner of the
coronavirus pandemic has become the digital sphere where the global marketplaces
of the knowledge production and distribution operate. The future of mankind
depends on the willingness to return to the primordial values of solidarity that
helped the human survival.
Learning Alone – a kapcsolati beágyazódás vizsgálata a távolléti oktatás alatt
Authors: Pusztai Gabriella , Győri Krisztina
Published: May 2021

Összefoglaló. A COVID–19-pandémia oktatásra gyakorolt hatását
2020-ban a kutatók rendkívüli gyorsasággal kezdték el vizsgálni. Jelen kutatás
összehasonlította a hallgatói kapcsolatoknak a vészhelyzeti távolléti oktatás
(emergency remote teaching, ERT) előtti és alatti állapotát és ezek
összefüggését a hallgatói eredményesség alakulásával. Kérdőívünket 677 válaszadó
hallgató töltötte ki (172 férfi és 505 nő) összesen 29 magyarországi
felsőoktatási intézményből. Eredményeink rámutattak az oktatók tanítással nem
szorosan összefüggő szerepköreinek nélkülözhetetlenségére, valamint arra, hogy a
hallgatói kapcsolatok gyengülése összefüggésben áll a tanulmányok melletti
kitartással, a tanulmányi aktivitással, a bizalommal és az elégedettséggel.
Mindezt a virtuális egyetem koncepciók kidolgozásánál is szükséges figyelembe
venni.

Summary. Researchers have begun studying with utmost haste the
effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on teaching already in 2020. In the present
study, we compared the states of the student relationships before and after the
emergency remote teaching (henceforth ERT). Our questionnaire was filled by 677
students (172 males, 505 females) from altogether 29 Hungarian higher education
institutes. Our results raise attention to the important dimension of the role
of faculty members which are not in close relation to knowledge transfer,
furthermore, the results point that the strength of the institutional
relationships is in correlation with the persistence related to student
persistence, student engagement, the trust, and the satisfaction. All of this
should be taken into consideration when working out a concept for a virtual
university.
Scientific production about palliative care and communication in online journals: a scoping review
Authors: Andrade Cristiani Garrido de , Costa Isabelle Cristinne Pinto , Freire Maria Eliane Moreira , Dias Thaina Karoline Costa , França Jael Rúbia Figueiredo de Sá , Costa Solange Fátima Geraldo da
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to characterize publications about palliative care and communication, with an emphasis on the approaches addressed, disseminated in online journals. Methods: it is a scope review, in which the mnemonic strategy Problem, Concept and Context was used, based on database research. The sample consisted of 86 publications. Results: most publications were written in the English language, published in the journal BMC Palliative Care, and with level of evidence IV. As for the approaches approached, the following stand out: Importance of communication in palliative care; Breaking the bad news in palliative care; Training professionals/staff to communicate in palliative care; and Communication strategies in palliative care. Final Considerations: the review made it possible to map a significant number of publications on palliative care and communication. It is recommended to produce new studies with better scientific evidence that guide the assistance of health professionals.
Managed clinical protocol: impact of implementation on sepsis treatment quality indicators
Authors: Borguezam Camila Brito , Sanches Caroline Tolentino , Albaneser Silvia Paulino Ribeiro , Moraes Uiara Rodrigues de Oliveira , Grion Cintia Magalhães Carvalho , Kerbauy Gilselena
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess the impact of the implementation of a managed sepsis protocol on quality indicators of treatment for septic patients in an emergency department of a university hospital. Methods: an observational epidemiological study involving septic patients. The study was divided into two phases, pre-intervention and intervention, resulting from the implementation of the managed sepsis protocol. The study variables included sepsis treatment quality indicators. The results were statistically analyzed using the program Epi InfoTM. Results: the study sample included 631 patients, 95 from pre-intervention phase and 536 from intervention phases. Implementing the protocol increased patients’ chances of receiving the recommended treatment by 14 times. Implementing the protocol reduced the hospitalization period by 6 days (p <0.001) and decreased mortality (p <0.001). Conclusions: this study showed that implementing the managed protocol had an impact on the improvement of sepsis treatment quality indicators.
Receiving spontaneous demand in Primary Care: nurses’ learning needs
Authors: Morelato Caroline Silva , Dorneles Letícia Lopes , Martins Vivian do Prado , Goés Fernanda dos Santos Nogueira de , Viana Angelina Lettiere , Brunello Maria Eugenia Firmino , Camargo Rosangela Andrade Aukar de
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: Identify nurse’s learning needs to be related to the reception with risk classification of spontaneous demand in Primary Health Care. Method: Quality study including 15 nurses from Primary Health Care through participatory observation, application of semi-structured instrument, focus group, and of thematic content analysis. Results: 80% of nurses never used the risk classification protocol in Primary Health Care. Knowledge gaps involving clinical aspects of care; protocol management, and the nurse’s role; and the historic, structural and cultural contradictions of the care model were confirmed. Final considerations: The recognition of learning needs for nurses that work in Primary Health Care implies in the construction or improvement of knowledge in order to develop, along with the health team, a risk classification of spontaneous demand, which requires a change in the education and continuity of their qualification for work and at work.
Integrality and comprehensiveness of service provision in Primary Health Care in Brazil (2012-2018)
Authors: Sousa Allan Nuno Alves de , Shimizu Helena Eri
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze comprehensiveness elements in Primary Care in Brazil, between 2012 and 2018, considering preventive and assistance aspects, pointing out advances and obstacles to its improvement in different contexts. Methods: a retrospective longitudinal study using data from the Brazilian National Program for Improving Access and Quality in Primary Care. 15,378 teams were selected that participated in both 1st and 3rd cycles of the program. Results: improvements were found in the prevalence of teams that ensure preventive and assistance care for priority groups, who develop promotion actions, offer essential procedures, including oral health, carry out home visits, receive support from Extended Family Health and Primary Care Center, offer integrative and complementary practices and develop intersectoral actions. Conclusions: there has been an improvement in comprehensiveness in Primary Health services, but problems remain that still need to be faced for their improvement.
Prevalence and severity levels of post-radical prostatectomy incontinence: different assessment instruments
Authors: Mata Luciana Regina Ferreira da , Azevedo Cissa , Izidoro Lívia Cristina de Resende , Ferreira Darkiane Fernandes , Estevam Fabrícia Eduarda Baia , Amaral Fabrícia Moreira Amorim , Chianca Tânia Couto Machado
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze urinary incontinence prevalence and severity in prostatectomized men assessed by three different instruments. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 152 men. The pad test, pad used, and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (self-report) were considered. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation, Kappa index, considering a significance level of 0.05. Results: urinary incontinence prevalence was 41.4%, 46.7% and 80.3% according to pad used, pad test and self-report. Positive correlations and moderate to poor agreement were found between the instruments. As for severity, most participants had mild incontinence. The largest number of cases of mild and severe incontinence was identified by self-report. Conclusions: the self-report showed higher values for prevalence of mild and severe severity levels. Through the identified differences, we propose that the objective assessment (pad used and pad test) be associated with individuals’ perception (self-report) to better estimate prevalence and severity.
Prevalência de diabetes mellitus e suas complicações e caracterização das lacunas na atenção à saúde a partir da triangulação de pesquisas
Authors: Muzy Jéssica , Campos Mônica Rodrigues , Emmerick Isabel , Silva Raulino Sabino da , Schramm Joyce Mendes de Andrade
Published: May 2021

O diabetes mellitus é uma das doenças mundialmente mais prevalentes em adultos e está entre as principais causas de perda de anos de vida saudável, o que se agrava com o acelerado envelhecimento populacional no Brasil. Este estudo visa dimensionar o problema do diabetes mellitus e suas complicações e caracterizar a atenção à saúde do diabético no Brasil, segundo regiões. As prevalências foram estimadas utilizando modelo de regressão multinomial, e a caracterização da atenção à saúde se deu a partir da triangulação entre a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), o Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) e dados da Farmácia Popular. A prevalência de diabetes mellitus no Brasil foi de 9,2%, pelo modelo multinomial, e a prevalência da PNS corrigida (autorreferida + alterada na hemoglobina glicosilada - HbA1c ≥ 6,5) foi de 9,4%. A proporção de subnotificação do diabetes mellitus no país foi de 42,5%, chegando a 72,8% na Região Norte. Dentre os diagnosticados, mais da metade apresentou HbA1c ≥ 6,5. A insuficiente realização de exame de fundo de olho (40%), com ampla variação regional (Norte 25% - Sudeste 52%), reflete-se na alta prevalência de retinopatia. O exame dos pés apresentou baixa realização (30%), podendo levar a mais amputações. Cerca de 80% dos diabéticos usavam medicamentos, o que indica uma alta parcela ainda sem tratamento. Deficiências na atenção à saúde do diabético levam a maior morbidade, internações (15%) e idas a emergências (27% - PMAQ). O cenário apresentado em 2012, apesar de não ser ideal, deu-se num contexto de fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Com a crescente prevalência de diabetes mellitus e cortes no investimento em saúde pública, cabe a reflexão sobre o controle da doença nos próximos anos.
The impact of immigration on tuberculosis and HIV burden between Colombia and Venezuela and across frontier regions
Authors: Arenas-Suarez Nelson Enrique , Cuervo Laura I. , Avila Edier F. , Duitama-Leal Alejandro , Pineda-Peña Andrea Clemencia
Published: May 2021

Abstract: Historically, human migrations have determined the spread of many infectious diseases by promoting the emergence of temporal outbreaks between populations. We aimed to analyze health indicators, expenditure, and disability caused by tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS burden under the Colombian-Venezuelan migration flow focusing on the Northeastern border. A retrospective study was conducted using TB and HIV/AIDS data since 2009. We consolidated a database using official reports from the Colombian Surveillance System, World Health Organization, Indexmundi, the Global Health Observatory, IHME HIV atlas, and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). Disability metrics regarding DALYs (disability adjusted life years) and YLDs (years lived with disability), were compared between countries. Mapping was performed on ArcGIS using official migration data of Venezuelan citizens. Our results indicate that TB profiles from Colombia and Venezuela are identical in terms of disease burden, except for an increase in TB incidence in the Colombian-Venezuelan border departments in recent years, concomitantly with the massive Venezuelan immigration since 2005. We identified a four-fold underfunding for the TB program in Venezuela, which might explain the low-testing rates for cases of multidrug-resistant TB (67%) and HIV/AIDS (60%), as well as extended hospital stays (150 days). We found a significant increase in DALYs of HIV/AIDS patients in Venezuela, specifically, 362.35 compared to 265.37 observed in Colombia during 2017. This study suggests that the Venezuelan massive migration and program underfunding might exacerbate the dual burden of TB and HIV in Colombia, especially towards the Colombian‐Venezuelan border.
WEIGHT-BEARING CONE BEAM CT SCANS AND ITS USES IN ANKLE, FOOT, AND KNEE: AN UPDATE ARTICLE
Authors: LÔBO CARLOS FELIPE TEIXEIRA , BORDALO-RODRIGUES MARCELO , Godoy-Santos Alexandre Leme , Gobbi Riccardo Gomes , Cesar Netto Cesar de , Burssens Arne , Lintz François , Barg Alexej
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Imaging plays a key role in the preoperative diagnosis, surgical planning, and postsurgical assessment of the foot, ankle, and knee pathologies. Interpreting diagnostic imaging accurately is crucial for the clinical practice of orthopedic surgeons. Although among the most used imaging modalities, radiographic assessments are amenable to errors for various technical reasons and superposition of bones. Computed tomography (CT) is a conventional imaging procedure that provides high-resolution images, but fails in considering a truly weight-bearing (WB) condition. In an attempt to overcome this limitation, WB cone beam CT technology has being successfully employed in the clinical practice for the past decade. Besides economically viable and safe, the WB cone beam CT considers WB conditions and provides high-quality scans, thus allowing an equitable and correct interpretation. This review aims to address extensive description and discussion on WBCT, including imaging quality; costs; time consumption; and its applicability in common foot, ankle, and knee, conditions. With this technology increasing popularity, and considering the extensive literature on medical research, radiologists and orthopedic surgeons need to understand its potential applications and use it optimally. Level of Evidence III, Systematic review of level III studies.
Sexualidade e prevenção entre homens que fazem sexo com homens nos contextos das pandemias de AIDS e da Covid-19
Authors: Rios Luís Felipe
Published: May 2021

Resumo Este ensaio reflete sobre práticas sexuais e prevenção nos contextos das pandemias de AIDS e da COVID-19. Analisa dados coletados entre julho e outubro de 2020, por meio de observação participante, no âmbito de uma pesquisa etnográfica sobre vulnerabilidade e prevenção ao HIV entre homens que fazem sexo com homens da Região Metropolitana do Recife. Os resultados apontam para a relevância da aparência corporal e da vinculação afetiva entre os parceiros no engendramento de emoções que medeiam a lida com risco de infecção em ambas as pandemias. Sinaliza para a necessidade de incorporar essas dimensões comunicacionais em materiais informativos, de modo a torná-los mais eficazes.
Predisposição a formas graves de COVID-19 e adesão às medidas de prevenção: o papel do apoio social
Authors: Ygnatios Nair Tavares Milhem , Andrade Fabíola Bof de , Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda , Torres Juliana Lustosa
Published: May 2021

Resumo Objetivou-se verificar a adesão às medidas de prevenção em idosos com maior predisposição a formas graves de COVID-19 e sua associação e interação com o apoio social. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em amostra de 3.477 participantes do inquérito telefônico do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (iniciativa ELSI-COVID-19), que informaram ter saído de casa na semana anterior à realização do inquérito. A adesão foi aferida pela frequência com que saiu de casa, necessidade de sair de casa, uso de máscara e higienização das mãos. As análises basearam-se no modelo Poisson com variância robusta. Idade ≥ 65 anos, hipertensão, diabetes e obesidade foram considerados fatores predisponentes para formas graves de COVID-19. O apoio social incluiu o arranjo domiciliar e a conexão social na pandemia. Aproximadamente 46% apresentaram melhor adesão, que foi associada positivamente ao número de fatores predisponentes para formas graves. O apoio social não foi associado à adesão e não modificou essa associação, após ajustamentos. Conclui-se que a adesão às medidas de prevenção, que deveria ser estendida a todos, está concentrada nos idosos com maior predisposição a formas graves de COVID-19, independentemente do apoio social.
LARIISA: soluções digitais inteligentes para apoio à tomada de decisão na gestão da Estratégia de Saúde da Família
Authors: Costa Filho Raimundo Valter , Souza José Neuman de , Andrade Luiz Odorico Monteiro de , Oliveira Antônio Mauro Barbosa de , Denis Jean-Louis , Ribeiro Luzia Lucélia Saraiva , Ribeiro Kelen Gomes , Andrade Daniel Barreto de , Pereira Silas Santiago Lopes
Published: May 2021

Resumo O grupo de colaboradores do LARIISA realiza pesquisa e desenvolvimento de soluções tecnológicas para apoio à tomada de decisão em sistemas de saúde desde 2009. Dentre as soluções produzidas está o GISSA®, sistema em nuvem resultado da evolução científica e tecnológica do projeto LARIISA. O objetivo do presente artigo é descrever a trajetória de evolução do GISSA®, ferramenta tecnológica que apoia a Estratégia de Saúde da Família no nordeste do Brasil, apontando desafios, caminhos e potencialidades. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, baseado em fontes secundárias do IBGE, INMET, SINAN, SIM e SINASC, com análise quantitativa a partir de modelos de aprendizagem de máquina aplicados na criação de microserviços em saúde digital. Operando nas regiões nordeste e sudeste, o GISSA® disponibiliza informações que qualificam o processo de tomada de decisão de gestores de saúde e, consequentemente, contribui para aperfeiçoar a gestão do sistema de saúde municipal.
O trabalho dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde à luz da Teoria Comunidades de Prática
Authors: Nepomuceno Raquel de Castro Alves , Barreto Ivana Cristina de Holanda Cunha , Frota Amanda Cavalcante , Ribeiro Kelen Gomes , Ellery Ana Ecilda Lima , Loiola Francisco Antonio , Andrade Luiz Odorico Monteiro de
Published: May 2021

Resumo Analisou-se o trabalho dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS), à luz da teoria das Comunidades de Prática (CdP). Estudo qualitativo transversal, realizado em quatro municípios do Ceará. Realizaram-se seis grupos focais e seis entrevistas com 45 ACS, respeitando os aspectos éticos. O corpus de dados foi analisado pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontaram que a participação dos ACS na ESF é marcada pela vivência na comunidade, sendo o foco principal o acompanhamento dos grupos prioritários. As práticas os colocam diante das diversas complexidades sociais e familiares, gerando reflexões e construções de novos significados para si e o processo de trabalho. As CdP dos ACS se engajam e compartilham desafios e aprendizados singulares do trabalho, caracterizado pelo contato e relacionamento íntimo com as famílias do território, que revelam necessidades pouco percebidas pelos demais profissionais da ESF. Quanto aos processos de reificação, evidenciou-se o significado de ser ACS como aquele que escuta e acolhe, além do que, percebe as necessidades das famílias invisíveis aos serviços. Os ACS exercem melhor o papel de articulador da ESF nos territórios, quanto maior forem os espaços de diálogo entre eles, os demais membros da equipe e a gestão.
Complexo industrial e portuário do Pecém: um inquérito epidemiológico
Authors: Nuto Sharmênia de Araújo Soares , Barreira Filho Edenilo Baltazar , Oliveira Beatriz Fátima Alves de , Freitas Roberto Wagner Júnior Freire de , Couto Lucas de Oliveira do , Jacobson Ludmilla da Silva Viana , Hacon Sandra de Souza , Périssé André Reynaldo Santos
Published: May 2021

Resumo Esta pesquisa busca analisar o conhecimento dos moradores sobre o território, Complexo Industrial e Portuário do Pecém (CIPP), qualidade de vida das comunidades que vivem no entorno dos empreendimentos, além da prevalência de hipertensão e excesso de peso. Trata-se de um inquérito epidemiológico, de base domiciliar, envolvendo quatro áreas da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) do Município de São Gonçalo do Amarante e uma de Caucaia, Ceará, Brasil. O estudo foi realizado entre 10/2017 e 03/2018, em que foram realizadas aferições antropométricas e pressão arterial e coletados dados sociodemográficos e o conhecimento sobre comunidade, CIPP e qualidade de vida. Dos 503 adultos entrevistados, 69,8% eram do sexo feminino e a média de idade foi 44 anos. Parada foi a área que relatou o maior percentual de problemas relacionados às partículas aéreas (51,1%), pior conceito em relação ao CIPP (40,1% ruim), maior percentual de piora da qualidade de vida (29,1%) e maior desejo de mudar (31,5%). Pecém apresentou maior percentual de problemas na comunidade relacionados à violência, consumo de drogas ilícitas e prostituição. Conclui-se que se apresenta indícios de impacto na saúde e qualidade de vida das populações locais sem maiores benefícios diretos no trabalho/renda.
Cadê as populações LGBTT na Estratégia Saúde da Família? narrativas de profissionais de saúde em Teresina, Piauí, Brasil
Authors: Ferreira Breno de Oliveira , Bonan Claudia
Published: May 2021

Resumo As populações de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais (LGBTT) não têm tido um lugar na "história oficial" da humanidade, a não ser como atores secundários que desviam, distorcem ou mesmo maculam a memória dos povos, orientada pela cis-heteronormatividade. São esses mesmos sujeitos que frequentemente vivenciam obstáculos na assistência ofertada pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), dentro de um sistema que é universal, integral e equânime. Neste artigo, buscamos analisar experiências narradas por profissionais da atenção básica na assistência à saúde das populações LGBTT em Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 32 profissionais que atuavam em uma unidade básica de saúde. A análise foi pautada em três dimensões - relacional, organizacional e contextual - inspirada na discussão teórica de Giovanella e Fleury. A atenção básica, a qual deveria ser uma das responsáveis pelas ações de saúde comunitária, que prioriza a promoção e a prevenção em saúde, é a mesma que tem ofertado negações, violências, e negligência no cuidado às pessoas LGBTT. Aposta-se, portanto, na escuta como uma das chaves para o respeito à diversidade sexual e de gênero, para que essas pessoas sejam, assim, reconhecidas como usuárias da ESF.
Violência entre parceiros íntimos, oferta de leite materno, substitutos e uso de mamadeiras no primeiro ano de vida
Authors: Mezzavilla Raquel de Souza , Vianna Gabriela Vasconcellos de Barros , Lindsay Ana Cristina , Hasselmann Maria Helena
Published: May 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a relação da violência física entre parceiros íntimos (VFPI) e a oferta de leite materno (LM), os substitutos do leite materno (SLM) e o uso de mamadeiras entre crianças entre 12 e 15 meses. Estudo transversal com mães em unidades de saúde do município do Rio de Janeiro, realizado entre junho de 2005 e dezembro de 2009. A VFPI foi identificada pela versão brasileira da Conflict Tactics Scales 1- Form R e as práticas de alimentação foram identificadas por recordatório de 24 horas. As associações foram verificadas por regressão logística mediante estimativas de razão de chances (RC) e intervalos de confiança de 95%. O leite materno foi ofertado a 58,5% das crianças e os substitutos do leite materno a 88,5%, e 70,5% das crianças usavam mamadeira. A violência física foi observada em 26,7% dos casais. Em lares onde os casais se agridem fisicamente há uma maior chance de não ofertar leite materno, maior chance de ofertar substitutos do leite materno e de usar mamadeira comparado aos lares onde não existe violência física. Os resultados chamam atenção para a necessidade de se investigar as relações intrafamiliares em casos que são identificadas práticas inadequadas de aleitamento, e de capacitar os profissionais de saúde para apoiar as famílias em situações de conflito.
Comparative brain analysis of wild and hatchery reared Mahseer (Tor putitora) relative to their body weight and length
Authors: Ullah N. , Ullah I. , Israr M. , Rasool A. , Akbar F. , Ahmad M. S , Ahmad S. , Mehmood S. A. , Jabeen H. , Saeed K. , Khan W. , Siraj M. , Shah M.
Published: May 2021

Abstract The present study was aimed at comparing the brain size of mahseer (Tor putitora) in relation to their body weight and standard length, to investigate the potential impact of rearing environment on brain development in fish. The weight of the brain and three of its subdivisions cerebellum (CB), optic tectum (OT), and telencephalon (TC) were measured for both wild and hatchery-reared fish. The data was analysed using multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and discriminate function analysis (DFA). We found the fish reared under hatchery conditions exhibit smaller brain size related to body weight, when compared to the wild ones. A significant (p<0.5) difference was observed in the length of CB and OT concerning the standard body length while no significant difference was found in TC of the fish from both the origins. The results of the current study highlight a logical assumption that neural deficiency affects the behaviour of fish, that’s why the captive-reared fish show maladaptive response and face fitness decline when released to the natural environment for wild stock enhancement. The current study concluded that hatchery-reared fish exhibit variations in gross brain morphology as compared to their wild counterpart.
Root deformation affects mineral nutrition but not leaf gas exchange and growth of Genipa americana seedlings during the recovery phase after soil flooding
Authors: Santos C. S. , Dalmolin A. C. , Schilling A. C. , Santos M. S. , Schaffer B. , Mielke M. S.
Published: May 2021

Abstract Root deformation (RD) caused by errors in the pricking out process are irreversible and very difficult to detect in container-grown seedlings at the time of planting in the field. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of RD on leaf gas exchange, growth, biomass allocation and mineral nutrition of G. americana seedlings during the recovery phase after soil flooding. Four-months-old seedlings, with and without RD, were flooded for 42 days and their recovery was evaluated 28 days after soil drainage. There were no significant interactions between RD and soil flooding for all leaf gas exchange, growth and mineral nutrition after soil drainage, with the exception of leaf P concentrations. In plants with no RD, the P concentration in leaves of non-flooded plants was significantly higher than that of plants with RD. Soil flooding and RD did not influence leaf or root N concentrations or whole-plant N content. RD increased the K concentration in the roots, but not in the leaves. Changes in the nutrient concentrations in leaves and roots indicate that RD may affect physiological performance of seedlings after planting in the field.