bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cationic Diruthenium Amidinate, [(η5‐C5Me5)Ru (μ2‐i‐PrN=C(Me)Ni‐Pr)Ru (η5‐C5Me5)]+, as an Efficient Catalyst for the Atom‐Transfer Radical Reactions.
Authors: Motoyama Yukihiro , Gondo Mitsuru , Masuda Satoshi , Iwashita Yuya , Nagashima Hideo
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Photocytotoxicity of Nitroxyl Radical‐Substituted Porphyrin.
Authors: Wu Jian , Shi Weimin , Wu Di
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1‐Acetyl‐3‐(2‐acetoxy‐3‐substituted propyloximino)indol‐2(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Padhy A. K. , Sahu S. K. , Panda P. K. , Kar D. M. , Misro P. K.
Published: August 2004

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Angularly Substituted Octahydroindoles, Decahydroquinolines, Octahydropyrindines, and Octahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrroles by Bruylants Reaction.
Authors: Reimann Eberhard , Ettmayr Christian , Polborn Kurt
Published: August 2004

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One‐Pot Synthesis of 5‐(Substituted‐amino)pyrazoles.
Authors: Dodd Dharmpal S. , Martinez Rogelio L.
Published: August 2004

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A Solvent‐Free Method for Substituted Imidazolidin‐4‐ones Synthesis.
Authors: Pospisil Jiri , Potacek Milan
Published: August 2004

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Efficient Synthesis in Three Steps and Spectral Determination of Methyl‐5‐[(o‐, m‐, and p‐substituted)‐phenylthio]‐2‐benzimidazolecarbamates.
Authors: Cortes Cortes Eduardo , Mendoza Rafael Sosa , Santibanez Gutierrez Maximiliano , Garcia‐Mellado de Cortes Olivia
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Indole Isoxazolines and Isoxazole Derivatives.
Authors: Joseph Maddirala Shambabu , Totagi R. S. , Basanagoudar L. D.
Published: August 2004

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Chiral Lewis Acid Catalysis in Nitrile Oxide Cycloadditions.
Authors: Sibi Mukund P. , Itoh Kennosuke , Jasperse Craig P.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Thiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Pini Elena , Nava Donatella , Stradi Riccardo
Published: August 2004

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Syntheses of 5‐Alkylthio‐1,3‐diaryl‐1,2,4‐triazoles.
Authors: Navidpour Latifeh , Karimi Leila , Amini Mohsen , Vosooghi Mohssen , Shafiee Abbas
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazoles.
Authors: Dolly Dolly , Batanero Belen , Barba Fructuoso
Published: August 2004

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A New Class of NO‐Donor H3‐Antagonists.
Authors: Tosco Paolo , Bertinaria Massimo , Di Stilo Antonella , Marini Elisabetta , Rolando Barbara , Sorba Giovanni , Fruttero Roberta , Gasco Alberto
Published: August 2004

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The Synthesis of 2‐Methyl‐5‐phenacyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles.
Authors: Kantlehner Willi , Haug Erwin , Kinzy Willy , Scherr Oliver , Ivanov Ivo C.
Published: August 2004

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2,3‐Diarylpyran‐4‐ones: A New Series of Selective Cyclooxygenase‐2 Inhibitors.
Authors: Joo Yung Hyup , Kim Jin Kwan , Kang Seon‐Hwa , Noh Min‐Soo , Ha Jun‐Yong , Choi Jin Kyu , Lim Kyung Min , Chung Shin
Published: August 2004

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Stereoselective Synthesis of 3a,7a‐Dihydro‐3H,4H‐furo[3,4‐c]pyran‐1‐ones via Intramolecular hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Fuhrer Cyril , Messer Roland , Haener Robert
Published: August 2004

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Study of Differences in the Reactivity of Alkyl and Aryl Nitrones Derived from 4‐Oxo‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐3‐carboxaldehyde.
Authors: Ghosh Tarun , Patra Ranjan , Bandyopadhyay Chandrakanta
Published: August 2004

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Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular 1,4‐Oxyacyloxylation of Conjugated Dienes. A Stereocontrolled Route to Fused Six‐Membered Lactones and Pyrans.
Authors: Verboom Renzo C. , Persson B. Anders , Baeckvall Jan‐E.
Published: August 2004

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The Coupling‐Isomerization Approach to Enimines and the First Sequential Three‐Component Access to 2‐Ethoxy Pyridines.
Authors: Dediu Oana G. , Yehia Nasser A. M. , Mueller Thomas J. J.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of Phenylene 1,3‐ and 1,4‐bis(Methylene)‐3‐carbamoylpyridinium Bromides.
Authors: Zhou Feng , Wang Chi‐Hua , Warner John C.
Published: August 2004

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Efficient Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Pyridines.
Authors: Glorius Frank , Spielkamp Nick , Holle Sigrid , Goddard Richard , Lehmann Christian W.
Published: August 2004

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An Imino‐Diels—Alder Route to meso‐2,6‐Disubstituted‐4‐piperidones.
Authors: Garcia Ana‐Belen , Valdes Carlos , Cabal Maria‐Paz
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of Pyridothienopyridines and Arylazothienopyridines.
Authors: Moneam Maisa I. Abdel , El‐Dean Adel M. Kamal
Published: August 2004

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Diazoniapentaphenes. Synthesis from Pyridine‐2‐carboxaldehyde and Structural Verifications.
Authors: Krapcho A. Paul , Cadamuro Sergio A.
Published: August 2004

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Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Fluorescent Benzothieno[2,3:c]quinoline.
Authors: Bhatti Harjinder Singh , Seshadri Sambamurthy
Published: August 2004

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A New Application of Diphenylphosphorylazide (DPPA) Reagent: Convenient Transformations of Quinolin‐4‐one, Pyridin‐4‐one and Quinazolin‐4‐one Derivatives into the 4‐Azido and 4‐Amino Counterparts.
Authors: Aizikovich Alexander , Kuznetsov Vladimir , Gorohovsky Sofia , Levy Amalia , Meir Simha , Byk Gerardo , Gellerman Garry
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis and Structure of Cycloalkane‐ and Norbornane‐Condensed 6‐Aryl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrahydropyridazinones.
Authors: Csende Ferenc , Hetenyi Anasztazia , Stajer Geza , Fueloep Ferenc
Published: August 2004

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Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines. Part 2. SAR and Optimization of a Potent and Selective Class of Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Byth Kate F. , Culshaw Janet D. , Green Stephen , Oakes Sandra E. , Thomas Andrew P.
Published: August 2004

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A New Biginelli Reaction Procedure Using Potassium Hydrogen Sulfate as the Promoter for an Efficient Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one.
Authors: Tu Shujiang , Fang Fang , Zhu Songlei , Li Tuanjie , Zhang Xiaojing , Zhuang Qiya
Published: August 2004

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Reactions of 3‐Chloropropeniminium Salts with Aminopyridines. Synthesis of N‐Pyridylpyridinium and Pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidinium Salts.
Authors: Girreser Ulrich , Heber Dieter , Rostaie‐Gerylow Mojgan , Schuett Martin
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of Pyrazolotriazolopyrimidine Tri‐Fused Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Liu Ying , Ren Jun , Jin Gui‐Yu
Published: August 2004

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The Synthesis of 8‐Hydroxyquinazoline Derivatives and Their Acid—Base Interactions.
Authors: Kudelko Agnieszka , Zielinski Wojciech
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Fluorescent (E)‐2‐Stilbenyloxyalkylthiouracils and Isomer Differentiation Using EIMS.
Authors: Wyrzykiewicz Elzbieta , Wendzonka Monika
Published: August 2004

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Dichotomy in Regioselective Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 6,8‐Dichloropurines with Phenylboronic Acid and Methylmagnesium Chloride: Synthesis of 6,8‐Disubstituted Purines.
Authors: Hocek Michal , Hockova Dana , Dvorakova Hana
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis and Serotonergic Activity of Variously Substituted (3‐Amido)phenylpiperazine Derivatives and Benzothiophene‐4‐piperazine Derivatives: Novel Antagonists for the Vascular 5‐HT1B Receptor.
Authors: Moloney Gerard P. , Garavelas Agatha , Martin Craeme R. , Maxwell Miles , Glen Robert C.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of Original Benzo[g]quinoxaline‐5,10‐diones by Bis‐SRN1 Methodology.
Authors: Remusat Vincent , Terme Thierry , Gellis Armand , Rathelot Pascal , Vanelle Patrice
Published: August 2004

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Novel Pyrrole‐Containing Progesterone Receptor Modulators.
Authors: Wrobel Jay , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

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KF‐Alumina Immobilized in Ionic Liquids: A Novel Heterogeneous Base for Heterocyclization of Alkylsulfanylphenylamines into 1,4‐Benzothiazine.
Authors: Chhikara Bhupender S. , Mishra Anil K. , Tandon Vibha
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Some Novel Substituted Phenothiazines.
Authors: Pandey V. K. , Saxena S. K. , Joshi M. N. , Bajpai S. K.
Published: August 2004

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Efficient Synthesis and Spectral Determination of 11‐[(o‐; m‐; and p‐Substituted)‐phenyl] ‐8‐chloro‐3,3‐dimethyl‐2,3,4,5,10,11‐hexahydro‐1H‐dibenzo[b,e] [1,4]diazepin‐1‐ones.
Authors: Cortes Cortes Eduardo , Banos Miryan Adaya , Garcia‐Mellado de Cortes Olivia
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of Substituted 1,4‐Benzoxazepin‐3‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Davion Yann , Guillaumet Gerald , Leger Jean‐Michel , Jarry Christian , Lesur Brigitte , Merour Jean‐Yves
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of New Medium Ring Aromatic Lactones via Halocyclization of 2‐Hydroxyphenylalkanoic Acid Allylic Esters.
Authors: Brown David P. , Krishnamurthy Lalitha
Published: August 2004

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A Convenient Synthesis of Some New 1,3,4‐Benzothiadiazepin‐5‐ones.
Authors: Zahra Jalal A. , Abu Thaher Bassam A. , El‐Abadelah Mustafa , Boese Roland
Published: August 2004

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Titanium(II)‐Mediated Cyclization of (Silyloxy)enynes: A Synthesis of the C9—C19 Subunit of Dictyostatin‐1.
Authors: O'Neil Gregory W. , Phillips Andrew J.
Published: August 2004

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Highly Diastereoselective 7‐endo Radical Cyclization of Ethyl α‐Methylene‐γ‐(bromomethyl)dimethylsiloxycarboxylates.
Authors: Nagano Hajime , Hara Saori
Published: August 2004

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A Phosphorimidate Rearrangement for the Facile and Selective Preparation of Allylic Amines.
Authors: Chen Bin , Mapp Anna K.
Published: August 2004

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New Approach to Preparation of N‐Acylphosphoramido(thio)(seleno)ates.
Authors: Baraniak Janina , Kaczmarek Renata , Wasilewska Ewa , Korczynski Dariusz , Stec Wojciech J.
Published: August 2004

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Addition of Amine Derivatives to Phosphorylated 1,2‐Diaza‐1,3‐butadienes: Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates.
Authors: Palacios Francisco , Aparicio Domitila , Lopez Yago , de los Santos Jesus M.
Published: August 2004

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Facile Synthesis of 4H‐1,3‐Benzoselenazines by the Aryne Reaction.
Authors: Rao U. Narasimha , Sathunuru Ramadas , Biehl Edward R.
Published: August 2004

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Studies on Tellurium‐Containing Heterocycles. Part 22. Tellurazepine Ring System: Preparation of 1,5‐Benzotellurazepin‐4‐ones and Their Conversion into Fully Unsaturated 1,5‐Benzotellurazepines.
Authors: Sashida Haruki , Satoh Hirohito
Published: August 2004

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Water‐Soluble pH‐Sensitive 2,6‐Bis(substituted ethylidene)cyclohexanone/Hydroxy Cyanine Dyes that Absorb in the Visible/Near‐Infrared Regions.
Authors: Strekowski Lucjan , Mason J. Christian , Lee Hyeran , Say Martial , Patonay Gabor
Published: August 2004

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Structures of Grixazone A and B, A‐Factor‐Dependent Yellow Pigments Produced under Phosphate Depletion by Streptomyces griseus.
Authors: Ohnishi Yasuo , Furusho Yasuhide , Higashi Tatsuichiro , Chun Hyo‐Kon , Furihata Kazuo , Sakuda Shohei , Horinouchi Sueharu
Published: August 2004

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Studies Toward Synthesis of Bioactive Labdanes: Efficient Synthesis of 9β‐Carbomethoxy‐4α,4β,10β‐trimethyl‐ (trans)‐decahydronaphthalen‐8‐one.
Authors: Suryawanshi S. N. , Chandra Naveen
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Iridoid Glucoside from Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth.
Authors: Mandal Suparna , Mukhopadhyay Sibabrata
Published: August 2004

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Palladium‐Mediated C—H Activation in the Field of Terpenoids: Synthesis of Rostratone.
Authors: Justicia Jose , Oltra J. Enrique , Cuerva Juan M.
Published: August 2004

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Foetidissimosides C—F, Novel Glycosides from the Roots of Cucurbita foetidissima.
Authors: Gaidi Ghezala , Miyamoto Tomofumi , Lerche Holger , Lacaille‐Dubois Marie‐Aleth
Published: August 2004

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Potent Small Molecule CCR1 Antagonists.
Authors: Kath John C. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
SN2 vs. E2 on Quaternary Centers: An Application to the Synthesis of Enantiopure β2,2‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Avenoza Alberto , Busto Jesus H. , Corzana Francisco , Jimenez‐Oses Gonzalo , Peregrina Jesus M.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Novel Conformationally Restricted β‐ and γ‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Gnad Frieder , Poleschak Marko , Reiser Oliver
Published: August 2004

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Application of the Four‐Component Ugi Condensation for the Preparation of Sulfated Glycoconjugate Libraries.
Authors: Liu Ligong , Li Cai Ping , Cochran Siska , Ferro Vito
Published: August 2004

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Two New Bacterial DNA Primase Inhibitors from the Plant Polygonum cuspidatum.
Authors: Hegde Vinod R. , Pu Haiyan , Patel Mahesh , Black Todd , Soriano Aileen , Zhao Wenjun , Gullo Vincent P. , Chan Tze‐Ming
Published: August 2004

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Versatile Use of Bis‐cyclic Thionocarbonates of Polyols as Bis‐electrophilic Intermediates. Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Thioanhydropentitols with D,L‐arabino, L‐ribo and L‐xylo, and Thioanhydroaldoses with D‐lyxo, L‐ribo, D‐xylo, D‐allo, D‐gulo and D‐altro Configurations.
Authors: Danquigny Alain , Benazza Mohammed , Protois Sylvain , Demailly Gilles
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of Model Compound Containing an Indole Spiro‐β‐lactam Moiety with Vinylchloride in Chartellines.
Authors: Nishikawa Toshio , Kajii Shigeo , Isobe Minoru
Published: August 2004

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Tomato Steroidal Alkaloid Glycosides, Esculeosides A and B, from Ripe Fruits
Authors: Fujiwara Yukio , Takaki Ayumi , Uehara Yukie , Ikeda Tsuyoshi , Okawa Masafumi , Yamauchi Ken , Ono Masateru , Yoshimitsu Hitoshi , Nohara Toshihiro
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of Racemic 2‐Hydroxy‐4‐ and 2‐Hydroxy‐5‐(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane Pyrimidine C‐Nucleoside Analogues.
Authors: Sala Michal , Hrebabecky Hubert , Masojidkova Milena , Holy Antonin
Published: August 2004

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DBU‐Assisted 1,3,2‐Oxathiaphospholane Ring‐Opening Condensation with Selected O‐, S‐, N‐ and C‐Nucleophiles.
Authors: Misiura Konrad , Szymanowicz Daria , Olesiak Magdalena , Stec Wojciech J.
Published: August 2004

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Practical Synthesis of KRN7000 from Phytosphingosine.
Authors: Kim Sanghee , Song Soyoung , Lee Taeho , Jung Sungkyu , Kim Deukjoon
Published: August 2004

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A Novel Secondary Metabolite from Lethariella sernanderi
Authors: Kinoshita Kaoru , Takatori Kazuhiko , Narui Takao , Culberson Chicita F. , Hasumi Masahiro , Nishino Yuuichi , Koyama Kiyotaka , Takahashi Kunio
Published: August 2004

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Radical Carboxyarylation Approach to Lignans. Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Arctigenin (Ia), (‐)‐Matairesinol (IIa), and Related Natural Products.
Authors: Fischer Joshua , Reynolds Aaron J. , Sharp Lisa A. , Sherburn Michael S.
Published: August 2004

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Gliocladins A—C and Glioperazine: Cytotoxic Dioxo‐ or Trioxopiperazine Metabolites from a Gliocladium sp. Separated from a Sea Hare.
Authors: Usami Yoshihide , Yamaguchi Junko , Numata Atsushi
Published: August 2004

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Hygrophorones A—G: Fungicidal Cyclopentenones from Hygrophorus Species (Basidiomycetes).
Authors: Luebken Tilo , Schmidt Juergen , Porzel Andrea , Arnold Norbert , Wessjohann Ludger
Published: August 2004

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New Aminocoumarin Antibiotics from a cloQ‐Defective Mutant of the Clorobiocin Producer Streptomyces roseochromogenes DS12.976.
Authors: Freitag Anja , Galm Ute , Li Shu‐Ming , Heide Lutz
Published: August 2004

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Antibiotics GE23077, Novel Inhibitors of Bacterial RNA Polymerase. Part 1. Taxonomy, Isolation and Characterization.
Authors: Ciciliato Ismaela , Corti Emiliana , Sarubbi Edoardo , Stefanelli Stefania , Gastaldo Luciano , Montanini Nicoletta , Kurz Michael , Losi Daniele , Marinelli Flavia , Selva Enrico
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis and Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Activities of Some Benzo[l]khellactone Derivatives and Analogues.
Authors: Nicolaides Demetrios N. , Gautam Daman R. , Litinas Konstantinos E. , Hadjipavlou‐Litina Dimitra J. , Fylaktakidou Konstantina C.
Published: August 2004

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Pladienolides, New Substances from Culture of Streptomyces platensis Mer‐11107. Part 1. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation and Screening.
Authors: Sakai Takashi , Sameshima Tomohiro , Matsufuji Motoko , Kawamura Naoto , Dobashi Kazuyuki , Mizui Yoshiharu
Published: August 2004

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PP2A Inhibitors, Harzianic Acid and Related Compounds Produced by Fungus Strain F‐1531.
Authors: Kawada Manabu , Yoshimoto Yuya , Kumagai Hiroyuki , Someno Tetsuya , Momose Isao , Kawamura Naoto , Isshiki Kunio , Ikeda Daishiro
Published: August 2004

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Discovery and Structure—Activity Relationship of Coumarin Derivatives as TNF‐α Inhibitors.
Authors: Cheng Jie‐Fei , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

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Growth of Self‐Aligned Crystalline Cobalt Silicide Nanostructures from Co Nanoparticles.
Authors: Carter Joshua D. , Cheng Guangjun , Guo Ting
Published: August 2004

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Deposition of Silver Oxysalts and Their Antimicrobial Properties.
Authors: Djokic Stojan S.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis and Antitumor Evaluation of Benzoylphenylurea Analogues.
Authors: Gurulingappa Hallur , Amador Maria L. , Zhao Ming , Rudek Michelle A. , Hidalgo Manuel , Khan Saeed R.
Published: August 2004

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Probes of Structural and Electronic Environments of Phosphor Activators: Moessbauer and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Silver Jack , Withnall Robert
Published: August 2004

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Crystal Chemistry, Properties and Synthesis of Microporous Silicates Containing Transition Elements
Authors: Chukanov N. V. , Pekov I. V. , Rastsvetaeva R. K.
Published: August 2004

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Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth
Authors: Burrows Andrew D.
Published: August 2004

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Halogens and Noble Gases
Authors: Brisdon A. K.
Published: August 2004

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New Compounds and Structures in the Solid State
Authors: Attfield Martin P.
Published: August 2004

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Ag Doped Chalcogenide Glasses and Their Applications
Authors: Frumar Miloslav , Wagner Tomas
Published: August 2004

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Graphitic Nanofilaments: A Superior Support of Ru—Ba Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Liang C. H. , Li Z. L. , Qiu J. S. , Wei Z. B. , Xin Q. , Li C.
Published: August 2004

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NMR in Ferromagnetic Manganites
Authors: Novak P.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Grid‐Type Metal Ion Architectures: Functional Metallosupramolecular Arrays
Authors: Ruben Mario , Rojo Javier , Romero‐Salguero Francisco J. , Uppadine Lindsay H. , Lehn Jean‐Marie
Published: August 2004

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From the Design of a Chiral Lewis Acid Catalyst to Metal‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions
Authors: Fu Gregory C.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Combinatorial Chemistry: Libraries from Libraries, the Art of the Diversity‐Oriented Transformation of Resin‐Bound Peptides and Chiral Polyamides to Low Molecular Weight Acyclic and Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Nefzi Adel , Ostresh John M. , Yu Jongping , Houghten Richard A.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Reactions of N‐Ethynyl‐heterocycles
Authors: Katritzky Alan R. , Jiang Rong , Singh Sandeep K.
Published: August 2004

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Naturally Occurring Cyclohexane Epoxides: Sources, Biological Activities, and Synthesis
Authors: Marco‐Contelles Jose , Molina Maria Teresa , Anjum Shazia
Published: August 2004

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Bolaamphiphiles
Authors: Fuhrhop Juergen‐Hinrich , Wang Tianyu
Published: August 2004

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Oxidation of Alcohols with Molecular Oxygen on Solid Catalysts
Authors: Mallat Tamas , Baiker Alfons
Published: August 2004

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Coumarins in Polymers: From Light Harvesting to Photo‐Cross‐Linkable Tissue Scaffolds
Authors: Trenor Scott R. , Shultz Allan R. , Love Brian J. , Long Timothy E.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Addition of Heteroatom—Hydrogen Bonds to Alkynes
Authors: Alonso Francisco , Beletskaya Irina P. , Yus Miguel
Published: August 2004

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Ligands Derived from Carbohydrates for Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Dieguez Montserrat , Pamies Oscar , Claver Carmen
Published: August 2004

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Synthetic Ion Channels
Authors: Koert Ulrich , Al‐Momani Lo'ay , Pfeifer Jochen R.
Published: August 2004

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Scope and Limitations of the Scandium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of Chiral Allylboronates to Aldehydes
Authors: Gravel Michel , Lachance Hugo , Lu Xiaosong , Hall Dennis G.
Published: August 2004

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New Pathways Towards Pyridazino‐Fused Ring Systems
Authors: Matyus Peter , Maes Bert U. W. , Riedl Zsuzsanna , Hajos Gyoergy , Lemiere Guy L. F. , Tapolcsanyi Pal , Monsieurs Katrien , Elias Oliver , Dommisse Roger A. , Krajsovszky Gabor
Published: August 2004

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Carbon—Carbon Bond Construction Based on Radical Addition to C=N Bond
Authors: Miyabe Hideto , Ueda Masafumi , Naito Takeaki
Published: August 2004

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Ruthenium‐Mediated C—C Coupling Reactions of Alkynes — The Key Role of Ruthenacyclopentatriene Complexes
Authors: Schmid Roland , Kirchner Karl
Published: August 2004

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Enzymatic Catalysis of the Diels—Alder Reaction in the Biosynthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Oikawa Hideaki , Tokiwano Tetsuo
Published: August 2004

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Enzymes in Preparative Mono‐ and Oligo‐Saccharide Synthesis
Authors: Hamilton Chris J.
Published: August 2004

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β‐Phenylethylamines and the Isoquinoline Alkaloids
Authors: Bentley Kenneth W.
Published: August 2004

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Fluorinated Macrocycles: A New Donor (C—F) for Cations
Authors: Takemura Hiroyuki
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Selected Groups of Coordination Compounds
Authors: Kharisov Boris I. , Jerez Leonor M. Blanco , Mendez‐Rojas Miguel A.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Coordination Compounds with Programmed Properties
Authors: Garnovskii Alexander D. , Vasilchenko Igor S. , Garnovskii Dmitry A.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Main Methods of the Synthesis of Coordination Compounds
Authors: Garnovskii Alexander D. , Vasilchenko Igor S. , Garnovskii Dmitry A. , Kharisov Boris I.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Spontaneous Generation and Propagation of Chiral Asymmetry
Authors: Kondepudi Dilip K.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Acids and Other Products of Oxidation of Sugars
Authors: De Lederkremer Rosa M. , Marino Carla
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemistry of Anhydro Sugars
Authors: Cerny Miloslav
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Reactions of Unsaturated Sugars
Authors: Ferrier Robert J. , Hoberg John O.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Organosilicon Reagents: Synthesis and Application to Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Denmark Scott E. , Ober Michael H.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Boranes in Organic Chemistry. Part 3. α‐, β‐ and γ‐Haloalkylboranes: The Perspective Vehicles for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Dembitsky V. M. , Tolstikov G. A. , Srebnik M.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Supported Organic Synthesis: Applications. Part 22.
Authors: Keller Walter E.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclooxygenase and 5‐Lipoxygenase Pathways in the Vessel Wall: Role in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Vila Luis
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of Cell Model with Specific Functions and Its Application to the Study of Global Gene Expression
Authors: Tabuchi Yoshiaki
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Quantum Dynamics of Gas‐Phase SN2 Reactions
Authors: Schmatz Stefan
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydrogen‐Bonding Templated Assemblies
Authors: Vilar Ramon
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Catalysis: An Enabling Science
Authors: Trost Barry M.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Spectroscopic Imaging in the Mid‐Infrared Applied to High‐Throughput Studies of Supported Catalyst Libraries
Authors: Lasko Steven S. , Hendershot Reed J. , Fu Yu , Fellmann Mark‐Florian , Oskarsdottir Gudbjorg , Snively Christopher M. , Lauterbach Jochen
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Laser‐Induced Fluorescence Detection in High‐Throughput Screening of Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Su Hui , Yeung Edward S.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Decentralization of breast cancer surgery in the United States
Authors: Neuner Joan M. , Gilligan Mary Ann , Sparapani Rodney , Laud Purushottam W. , Haggstrom David , Nattinger Ann B.
Published: August 2004

BACKGROUND

Physician volume of at least 15–30 annual breast cancer operations has been associated with higher 5‐year survival rates. The authors sought to determine whether surgical volumes for breast cancer in the United States frequently reach this threshold.

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of 987 surgeons who operated on 8105 Medicare patients with breast cancer during 1994–1995 in 6 areas in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results tumor registry. The 2‐year physician volume of breast cancer operations was estimated among Medicare patients (approximating the on‐average annual volumes for patients of all ages) and its association was examined with physician characteristics and with 3 measures of surgical care.

RESULTS

The median 2‐year Medicare volume for breast cancer surgeons was 6, and 79% of physicians performed ≤ 12 operations. Approximately 50% of patients were cared for by physicians who performed ≤ 12 operations over 2 years, and 10% of patients were cared for by physicians who performed ≥ 30 operations. Surgeon characteristics of age, female gender, general surgery board certification, and academic affiliation were associated with modestly higher volumes of breast cancer surgery. Higher surgeon volumes were associated with higher patient receipt of breast‐conserving surgery, testing for hormone receptors, and lymph node dissection during mastectomy.

CONCLUSIONS

Most physicians who perform breast cancer surgery perform few annual operations in Medicare patients, and lower volumes are associated with differences in surgical processes of care. Because patients in the Medicare age group comprise almost 50% of all incident breast cancer cases, surgical volumes for patients of all ages also are likely to be low. It is likely that only approximately 10% of patients in the United States are treated by surgeons who performing at least 30 annual operations. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Augmenting LZ‐77 with authentication and integrity assurance capabilities
Authors: Atallah Mikhail J. , Lonardi Stefano
Published: August 2004

The formidable dissemination capability allowed by the current network technology makes it increasingly important to devise new methods to ensure authenticity and integrity. Nowadays it is common practice to distribute documents in compressed form. In this paper, we propose a simple variation on the classic LZ‐77 algorithm that allows one to hide, within the compressed document, enough information to warrant its authenticity and integrity. The design is based on the unpredictability of a certain class of pseudo‐random number generators, in such a way that the hidden data cannot be retrieved in a reasonable amount of time by an attacker (unless the secret bit‐string key is known). Since it can still be decompressed by the original LZ‐77 algorithm, the embedding is completely ‘transparent’ and backward‐compatible, making it possible to deploy it without disrupting service. Experiments show that the degradation in compression due to the embedding is almost negligible. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and authentication of integrated circuits
Authors: Gassend Blaise , Lim Daihyun , Clarke Dwaine , van Dijk Marten , Devadas Srinivas
Published: August 2004

This paper describes a technique to reliably and securely identify individual integrated circuits (ICs) based on the precise measurement of circuit delays and a simple challenge–response protocol. This technique could be used to produce key‐cards that are more difficult to clone than ones involving digital keys on the IC. We consider potential venues of attack against our system, and present candidate implementations. Experiments on Field Programmable Gate Arrays show that the technique is viable, but that our current implementations could require some strengthening before it can be considered as secure. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of fluorescent and nonfluorescent tracing methods on lymphocyte migration in vivo
Authors: Nolte Martijn A. , Kraal Georg , Mebius Reina E.
Published: August 2004

Background

The use of fluorescent dyes to monitor in vivo cellular migration and proliferation has greatly expanded, but little is known about their potential influence on cell migration.

Methods

Adoptive transfer studies of lymphocytes labeled with various dyes were performed, and their in vivo homing was compared with that of coinjected unlabeled control cells. In addition, in vitro migration and binding studies were performed to analyze the various steps of transmigration separately.

Results

These data showed that the intracellular fluorescent dyes calcein acetoxymethyl ester, 2′,7′‐bis‐(2‐carboxyethyl)‐5‐(and‐6)‐carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester, 5‐chloromethylfluorescein diacetate, 5‐(and‐6)‐carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester, and fluorescein isothiocyanate affect in vivo homing of especially B lymphocytes to lymphoid organs, without any direct effect on in vitro chemotactic or adhesive activity. The only label that did not affect migration was the extracellular and nonfluorescent molecule biotin, provided that the labeling was performed at room temperature. Interestingly, by using the highly versatile congenic Ly5.1‐Ly5.2 system, we also demonstrated intrinsic differences in lymphocyte migration based on allelic differences.

Conclusions

Our data showed that fluorescent labeling of lymphocytes has a severe effect on their homing capacity in vivo. Labeling of cells with biotin appeared to be a good alternative for this purpose; however, if direct fluorescence is required, the negative effects on cell migration should be considered. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sphedgehog is expressed by pigment cell precursors during early gastrulation in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Authors: Egaña Ana L. , Ernst Susan G.
Published: August 2004

We have sequenced the Sphedgehog (Sphh) gene from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Sphh transcripts are detected first at the mesenchyme blastula stage, and they accumulate throughout early embryogenesis. The Sphh protein is produced by precursor pigment cells during early and midgastrulation. NiCl2 inhibits pigment cell differentiation in sea urchins. Here, we show that, in S. purpuratus, nickel affects a process(es) between 17 and 24 hr of development, corresponding to the time period when Sphh mRNA is first detected. However, nickel treatment does not alter the early expression of Sphh. Developmental Dynamics 231:370–378, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of transient surge transmission characteristics of electronic circuits due to arc discharge generated with disconnector on/off in GIS
Authors: Saito Seiichi , Shimomura Tetsuro , Fujita Shigeto , Niita Shuichi
Published: August 2004

In gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS), the arc discharge due to a disconnector on/off generates fast transient surges, which can be the cause of malfunction and damage to electronic devices such as microprocessors and AD converters, if the fast transient surge exceeds a specified level. In this paper, it is shown that the comparison and evaluation are realized between the measured results and the calculated ones of fast transient surges generated due to a disconnector on/off in 300 kV GIS by adopting the evaluation index. The calculation is carried out by applying the authors' proposed equivalent circuits using distributed constant lines in consideration of the structure of GIS and a newly developed divided‐type voltage sensor. Also, it is found by using the evaluation index that the measured results and the calculated results are in good agreement with each other. Furthermore, the cause of the occurrence of the peak of the evaluation index is clarified by analyzing the equivalent circuit. And the signal conditioning using a low‐pass filter for electronics circuits connecting the divided‐type voltage sensor is designed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 149(2): 34–42, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10360
High‐quality multilevel error diffusion method employing variable threshold
Authors: Suetake Noriaki , Togashi Masanori
Published: August 2004

We propose a new multilevel error diffusion method employing a variable threshold, which realizes half toning with high quality. In the proposed method, dissimilar textures around quantization levels, which are the cause of the low image quality obtained by conventional methods, are decreased by using the variable threshold. In this paper, we apply the proposed method to various standard digital images. Simulation results show that the method is superior to other multilevel error diffusion methods. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 149(2): 25–33, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10373
Vertical‐ and lateral‐type organic FET using pentacene evaporated films
Authors: Tanaka Satoshi , Yanagisawa Hirotomo , Iizuka Masaaki , Nakamura Masakazu , Kudo Kazuhiro
Published: August 2004

Organic semiconductor transistors are expected for flexible displays, information tags, and the like. However, organic transistors have some disadvantages of current density and speed of operation, because of their high resistivity and low carrier mobility. To improve their performance, it is valuable to analyze the mechanism of operation. We have compared characteristics of lateral‐ and vertical‐type transistors using pentacene evaporated films. The pentacene lateral‐type FET characteristics showed large variation due to fabrication parameters such as deposition rate, substrate temperature, and film thickness. It was found that evaporated pentacene thin films have large grain gaps, which disturb carrier flow along the channel formed pentacene film/SiO2 interface direction and make FET characteristics unstable. It is assumed that pentacene films are not suitable lateral‐type transistors. Accordingly, we have fabricated vertical‐type organic static induction transistors (SITs) using pentacene evaporated films. The pentacene SITs show high‐speed operation (cutoff frequency of 7.5 kHz) at relatively low voltages. Further optimization of SIT structure will improve the device performance. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 149(2): 43–48, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10500
Strain–magnetization properties and domain structures of silicon steel sheets
Authors: Notoji Atsushi , Saito Akihiko , Hayakawa Motozo
Published: August 2004

The effects of tensile stress and strain on magnetization and magnetic domains in silicon steel sheets were investigated. In the elastic deformation region, magnetization decreased with an increase in strain, while in the plastic deformation region, strain–magnetization properties under stress showed a peculiar characteristic, namely, an increase of magnetization when strain was decreased. We observed lancet and other domains in the specimens after removing the stress applied in the plastic deformation region, especially near grain boundaries. This phenomenon can be explained by changes in the domain structures, which were observed in this study. The features observed in this investigation can be applied to the nondestructive detection of fatigue in metal magnetic materials. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 149(2): 10–17, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20002
The promotion of green electricity in Europe: present and future
Authors: del Río Pablo , Gual Miguel
Published: August 2004

Public support schemes for electricity from renewable energy sources (RES‐E) are undergoing a period of change. Two interrelated processes can be discerned at both the EU and member state (MS) levels. On the one hand, the RES‐E Directive sets targets for consumption of renewable electricity for the year 2010 and opens the possibility that the European Commission sets a community support framework for RES‐E promotion in the future. On the other hand, different types of support scheme have been and are used by countries in order to promote the deployment of renewable electricity. A move from tendering/bidding systems and feed‐in tariffs to tradable green certificates can be observed in some MSs. This move may take place in the future in some other MSs while others will certainly continue to rely on their current scheme. This paper provides an overview and assessment of the instruments currently used to promote renewable electricity in Europe and considers some possible trends in the choice of support schemes in the future. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
‘You can criticize because you care’: identity attachment, constructiveness, and the intergroup sensitivity effect
Authors: Hornsey Matthew J. , Trembath Mark , Gunthorpe Sasha
Published: August 2004

Criticism of one's group (e.g. nation, gender, or organization) is typically received in a less defensive way when it stems from another ingroup member than when it stems from an outsider (the intergroup sensitivity effect). We present two experiments demonstrating that this effect is driven not by group membership per se, but by the extent to which critics are perceived to be psychologically invested in the group they are criticizing. In Experiment 1 (N = 117), Australian participants were exposed to criticisms of their country from either other Australians (ingroup critics) or non‐Australians (outgroup critics). Furthermore, the ingroup critics were described as having either strong or weak attachment to their Australian identity. Ingroup critics were only received more positively than outgroup critics when they appeared to have a psychological investment in the group. In Experiment 2 (N = 96) we show how outgroup critics (Asian‐Australians) can overcome defensiveness among Anglo‐Australians by locating themselves within a shared, superordinate identity (Australian). Implications for communication within and between groups are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manipulating subcategory salience: exploring the link between skin tone and social perception of Blacks
Authors: Maddox Keith B. , Chase Stephanie Gray
Published: August 2004

Guided by the model of social category salience proposed by M. Blanz (1999), the present paper explores factors affecting the salience of skin tone‐based subcategories among Blacks in the United States. Adapting the group discussion paradigm developed by S.E. Taylor and colleagues (1978), Experiment 1 demonstrated that a manipulation of issue relevance enhanced the category salience of skin tone. Participants made more within‐ than between‐category errors when the topic of conversation was related to perceiver's skin tone‐based beliefs. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the influence of the issue relevance manipulation was independent of the presence of structural and/or normative fit. Merely discussing the topic of race relations was sufficient to increase encoding and use of skin tone. These studies provide evidence linking skin tone and social beliefs in memory. In addition, they demonstrate support for a category‐based perspective in the study of skin tone bias. Additional factors affecting the salience of skin tone are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interstitial deletions including chromosome 3 common eliminated region 1 (C3CER1) prevail in human solid tumors from 10 different tissues
Authors: Petursdottir Thorgunnur Eyfjord , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Jonasson Jon Gunnlaugur , Moller Pall Helgi , Huiping Chen , Bjornsson Johannes , Egilsson Valgardur , Imreh Stefan , Ingvarsson Sigurdur
Published: August 2004

A human chromosomal segment regularly lost during tumor formation of microcell hybrids in SCID mice has been mapped to 3p21.3. This segment, called chromosome 3 common eliminated region 1 (C3CER1, also referred to as CER1), may harbor multiple tumor‐suppressor genes. Because it was found that similar regions were eliminated in an inter‐ and intraspecies system and in two tumor types (mouse fibrosarcoma and human renal cell carcinoma), we hypothesized that the importance of C3CER1 would transgress tissue specificity, that is, it could occur in tumors derived from multiple tissues. To evaluate the loss of C3CER1 in various human tumor types, we conducted loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis of 576 human solid tumors from 10 different tissues and compared the frequency of deletion in the C3CER1 area to that in two other regions on 3p: the FHIT/FRA3B region, at 3p14.2, and the VHL region, at 3p25.3. Deletions were detected in the C3CER1 region in 83% of informative tumors. Half (47%) the LOH‐positive tumors showed LOH at all informative markers, indicating a large deletion. The other half (53%) had a discontinuous LOH pattern, suggesting interstitial deletions or breakpoints. The proportion of tumors with C3CER1 deletions was high in all tumor types investigated, ranging from 70% to 94%, except for the soft‐tissue sarcomas (40%). In the VHL and FHIT regions, deletions were observed in 73% and 43%, respectively, of the tumors. Of the three 3p regions analyzed, the highest deletion frequency was observed in the C3CER1 region. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the interstitial deletions including C3CER1 prevail over 3p14.2–pter losses in solid tumors. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of genomic breakpoints in MLL and CBP in leukemia patients with t(11;16)
Authors: Zhang Yanming , Zeleznik‐Le Nancy , Emmanuel Neelmini , Jayathilaka Nimanthi , Chen Jianjun , Strissel Pamela , Strick Reiner , Li Loretta , Neilly Mary Beth , Taki Tomohiko , Hayashi Yasuhide , Kaneko Yasuhiko , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Rowley Janet D.
Published: August 2004

The recurring chromosome translocation t(11;16)(q23;p13) is detected in leukemia patients, virtually all of whom have received previous chemotherapy with topoisomerase (topo) II inhibitors. In the t(11;16), 3′ CBP, on 16p13, is fused to 5′ MLL, on 11q23, resulting in an MLL–CBP fusion gene that plays an important role in leukemogenesis. In this study, we cloned genomic breakpoints of the MLL and CBP genes in the t(11;16) in the SN‐1 cell line and in five patients with therapy‐related leukemia, all of whom had received topo II inhibitors for previous tumors. In all patients except one, both the genomic MLL–CBP and the reciprocal fusions were cloned. Genomic breakpoints in MLL occurred in the 8.3‐kb breakpoint cluster region in all patients, whereas the breakpoints in CBP clustered in an 8.2‐kb region of intron 3 in four patients. Genomic breakpoints in MLL occurred in intron 11 near the topo II cleavage site in the SN‐1 cell line and in one patient, and they were close to LINE repetitive sequences in two other patients. In the remaining two patients, genomic breakpoints were in intron 9 in Alu repeats. Genomic breakpoints in CBP occurred in and around Alu repeats in one and two patients, respectively. In two patients, the breaks were near LINE repetitive sequences, suggesting that repetitive DNA sequences may play a role. No specific recombination motifs were identified at or near the breakpoint junctions. No topo II cleavage sites were detected in introns 2 and 3 of CBP. However, there were deletions and duplications at the breakpoints in both MLL and CBP and microhomologies or nontemplated nucleotides at most of the genomic fusion junctions, suggesting that a nonhomologous end‐joining repair mechanism was involved in the t(11;16). © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.