bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular analyses indicate profuse bacterial diversity in primary and post- treatment endodontic infections within a cohort from the United Arab Emirates-A preliminary study
Authors: B. Abraham Sheela , Al-Marzooq Farah , Samaranayake Lakshman , Hamoudi Rifat Akram , Himratul-Aznita Wan Harun , Aly Ahmed Hany Mohamed
Published: July 2024

Objective

Endodontic microbiota appears to undergo evolutionary changes during disease progression from inflammation to necrosis and post-treatment. The aim of this study was to compare microbiome composition and diversity in primary and post-treatment endodontic infections from a cohort of patients from the UAE.

Design

Intracanal samples were collected from primarily infected (n = 10) and post-treatment infected (n = 10) root canals of human teeth using sterile paper points. Bacterial DNA was amplified from seven hypervariable regions (V2–V4 and V6–V9) of the 16S rRNA gene, then sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology. The data was analyzed using appropriate bioinformatic tools.

Results

Analyses of all the samples revealed eight major bacterial phyla, 112 genera and 260 species. Firmicutes was the most representative phylum in both groups and was significantly more abundant in the post-treatment (54.4%) than in primary (32.2%) infections (p>0.05). A total of 260 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified, of which 126 (48.5%) were shared between the groups, while 83 (31.9%) and 51 (19.6%) disparate species were isolated from primary and post-treatment infections, respectively. A significant difference in beta, but not alpha diversity was noted using several different indices (p< 0.05). Differential abundance analysis indicated that, Prevotella maculosa, Streptococcus constellatus, Novosphigobium sediminicola and Anaerococcus octavius were more abundant in primary infections while Enterrococcus faecalis, Bifidobacterium dentium, Olsenella profusa and Actinomyces dentalis were more abundant in post-treatment infections (p <0.05).

Conclusion

Significant differences in the microbiome composition and diversity in primary and post-treatment endodontic infections were noted in our UAE cohort. Such compositional differences of microbiota at various stages of infection could be due to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors impacting the root canal ecosystem during disease progression, as well as during their therapeutic management. Identification of the key microbiota in primarily and secondarily infected root canals can guide in the management of these infections.
Spatiotemporal information enhanced multi-feature short-term traffic flow prediction
Authors: Huang Deqi , He Jiajia , Tu Yating , Ye Zikuang , Xie Lirong
Published: July 2024

Accurately predicting traffic flow is crucial for optimizing traffic conditions, reducing congestion, and improving travel efficiency. To explore spatiotemporal characteristics of traffic flow in depth, this study proposes the MFSTBiSGAT model. The MFSTBiSGAT model leverages graph attention networks to extract dynamic spatial features from complex road networks, and utilizes bidirectional long short-term memory networks to capture temporal correlations from both past and future time perspectives. Additionally, spatial and temporal information enhancement layers are employed to comprehensively capture traffic flow patterns. The model aims to directly extract original temporal features from traffic flow data, and utilizes the Spearman function to extract hidden spatial matrices of road networks for deeper insights into spatiotemporal characteristics. Historical traffic speed and lane occupancy data are integrated into the prediction model to reduce forecasting errors and enhance robustness. Experimental results on two real-world traffic datasets demonstrate that MFSTBiSGAT successfully extracts and captures spatiotemporal correlations in traffic networks, significantly improving prediction accuracy.
Leveraging textual information for social media news categorization and sentiment analysis
Authors: Hasan Mahmudul , Ahmed Tanver , Islam Md. Rashedul , Uddin Md. Palash
Published: July 2024

The rise of social media has changed how people view connections. Machine Learning (ML)-based sentiment analysis and news categorization help understand emotions and access news. However, most studies focus on complex models requiring heavy resources and slowing inference times, making deployment difficult in resource-limited environments. In this paper, we process both structured and unstructured data, determining the polarity of text using the TextBlob scheme to determine the sentiment of news headlines. We propose a Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)-based Ridge classifier (RC) for blending SGDR with an advanced string processing technique to effectively classify news articles. Additionally, we explore existing supervised and unsupervised ML algorithms to gauge the effectiveness of our SGDR classifier. The scalability and generalization capability of SGD and L2 regularization techniques in RCs to handle overfitting and balance bias and variance provide the proposed SGDR with better classification capability. Experimental results highlight that our string processing pipeline significantly boosts the performance of all ML models. Notably, our ensemble SGDR classifier surpasses all state-of-the-art ML algorithms, achieving an impressive 98.12% accuracy. McNemar’s significance tests reveal that our SGDR classifier achieves a 1% significance level improvement over K-Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree, and AdaBoost and a 5% significance level improvement over other algorithms. These findings underscore the superior proficiency of linear models in news categorization compared to tree-based and nonlinear counterparts. This study contributes valuable insights into the efficacy of the proposed methodology, elucidating its potential for news categorization and sentiment analysis.
Synthesizing perspectives: Crafting an Interdisciplinary view of social media’s impact on young people’s mental health
Authors: Maltby John , Rayes Thooba , Nage Antara , Sharif Sulaimaan , Omar Maryama , Nichani Sanjiv
Published: July 2024

This study explores the intricate relationship between social media usage and the mental health of young individuals by leveraging the insights of 492 UK school headteachers. It adopts a novel multidisciplinary approach, integrating perspectives from psychology, sociology, education studies, political science, philosophy, media studies, linguistics, social work, anthropology, and health sciences. The application of thematic analysis, powered by ChatGPT-4, identifies a predominantly negative perspective on the impact of social media on young people, focusing on key themes across various disciplines, including mental health, identity formation, social interaction and comparison, bullying, digital literacy, and governance policies. These findings culminated in the development of the five-factor Comprehensive Digital Influence Model, suggesting five key themes (Self-Identity and Perception Formation, Social Interaction Skills and Peer Communication, Mental and Emotional Well-Being, Digital Literacy, Critical Thinking, and Information Perception, and Governance, Policy, and Cultural Influence in Digital Spaces) to focus the impacts of social media on young peoples’ mental health across primary and secondary educational stages. This study not only advances academic discourse across multiple disciplines but also provides practical insights for educators, policymakers, and mental health professionals, seeking to navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by social media in the digital era.
Integrating Narrative Characters in Early Childhood Music Learning: A Study of Mozart Mouse and Beethoven Bear Impact on Early Learners
Authors: Dihita Sagala Mastri , Widyatama Putra Zakarias Aria
Published: July 2024

This research explores the implementation of Mozart Mouse and Beethoven Bear characterization methods in the Little Musician class at Favore Music School, Bandung. It assesses their impact on young learners' musical, linguistic, and emotional development. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the study spanned six months and incorporated observations, interviews, and document reviews to gather comprehensive data. The Music for Little Mozarts curriculum, designed specifically for young children, integrates narrative characters to enhance student engagement and learning. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, focusing on data reduction, display, and conclusion to ensure robust, systematically derived findings. Results indicate that preparing and implementing character-based materials and musical instruments effectively engages children. The role-playing exercises using Mozart Mouse and Beethoven Bear deepened the children's understanding of musical concepts, such as pitch and dynamics, and significantly improved their emotional and linguistic skills. This was particularly evident in their enthusiastic participation in end-of-semester musical concerts. The study highlights the potential of incorporating narrative and creativity in early education to enrich learning outcomes. Character-based methods could be particularly beneficial for fostering comprehensive developmental skills in music education. However, the research was limited to a single educational setting and a short observation period, which might affect the generalizability of the results. Future research should expand the study to multiple settings and extend the observation period better to understand the long-term effects of such pedagogical strategies. This could help ascertain the effectiveness and adaptability of characterization methods in a broader educational context.
Early Childhood Education Teachers' Perspectives on Play-Based Learning: A Survey in Yogyakarta
Authors: Ermiyati Ermiyati , Rohmadheny Prima Suci , Rosada Ulfa Danni , Hastuti Dwi
Published: July 2024

This study explores and analyzes the perspectives of early childhood education (ECE) teachers in Yogyakarta regarding Play-Based Learning (PBL) and evaluates the alignment of their perspectives with PBL implementation in early childhood settings. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered via Google Forms to 41 randomly selected ECE teachers, representing 20% of the target population. The survey included 26 closed-ended items on a Likert scale and four semi-open questions for additional insights. Descriptive statistical analysis using SPSS version 26 revealed a mean perspective score of 39.5854 with a standard deviation of 6.70439, categorizing 56.1% of teachers as having a medium alignment with PBL, 26.8% as high, and 17.1% as low. Thematic analysis of qualitative responses highlighted the perceived benefits of PBL for both children and teachers, including enhanced creativity, easier engagement, and improved learning environments. Despite the limited sample size and potential biases, the findings underscore the importance of continuous professional development for ECE teachers. Future research should expand the sample size and explore additional variables influencing teachers' perspectives. These insights are crucial for policymakers and educational institutions aiming to enhance early childhood education quality through effective PBL implementation.
Comunicação digital em pesquisa científica: potencialidades, controvérsias e desafios no processo de consentimento
Authors: Dartel Ferrari Lima , Lirane Elize Defante Ferreto , Gladson Ricardo Flor Bertolini , Souza Dayane Cristina de , Sampaio Adelar Aparecido
Published: July 2024

O texto aborda o impacto da comunicação digital na pesquisa científica, ressaltando sua capacidade de ampliar o alcance e eficiência da investigação. Destaca a crescente utilização de tecnologias da informação e comunicação na coleta de dados, recrutamento de participantes e obtenção de consentimento remoto. Apesar dos benefícios, como acesso facilitado e transparência, são mencionados desafios éticos, como a segurança dos dados e a representatividade da amostra. O recrutamento on-line pode favorecer determinadas regiões geográficas onde o acesso à internet é mais difundido, excluindo indivíduos de áreas menos desenvolvidas. É enfatizada a importância de garantir compreensão e privacidade dos participantes. Propõe-se uma abordagem multifacetada para adaptar as diretrizes éticas à era digital, envolvendo especialistas interdisciplinares e partes interessadas na elaboração de políticas específicas. Essa abordagem visa promover uma pesquisa científica ética, transparente e inclusiva na era digital, contribuindo para avanços significativos na ciência.
Micropropagation of Zuccagnia punctata, an argentine medicinal plant, by means of “in vitro” technology to promove its conservation and the sustainable production of bioactive compounds
Authors: Álvarez María A. , Pedraza Kobak Camila , Enrico Roxana J. , Danert F. Carolina , Zampini Iris C. , ISLA Maria Ines
Published: July 2024

Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (“jarilla poposa”) is a monotypic argentine native medicinal plant used by indigenous communities for the treatment of several pathologies. The pharmacological properties have been scientifically validated and its potential use in phytocosmetic and pharmaceutic industry as antiaged, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, antioxidant, antibacterial and antimicotic has been previously demonstrated. However, the species has a low propagation rate in natural conditions and has been included in the preliminary red list of endangered plants in category 3. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methodologies leading to its conservation and propagation to achieve its sustainable use. The objective of this work is to perform a micropropagation protocol for Z. punctata species for the sustainable use and conservation of this species. Furthermore, the study evaluated also the impact of “in vitro” propagation on the content of bioactive compounds of ethanolic extracts obtained from Z. punctata plants obtained “in vitro” with collected wild plants. Seeds have been used as mother material. The seed germination to obtain explants were performed on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) without plant growth regulators (PGRs) containing sucrose, agar, and ascorbic acid. The same medium was employed for the multiplication of shoots. “In vitro” rooting was achieved in liquid and semisolid medium, and a higher yield was obtained in the latter. The plants were transferred into commercial substrate and acclimatized in a greenhouse. The micropropagated plants (MP) had a high content of total phenolic compounds similar to those obtained from wild adult plants (WAP) collected in the Monte Desert. The flavonoid content of MP was higher than that of WAP. The main chalcones identified in WAP, 2′,4′ dihydroxychalcone (DHC) and 2′,4′-dihydroxy-3′-methoxychalcone (DHMC) were also present in the MP with a rate 1/1, and 1/3 in WAP. The extracts obtained from the MP showed antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antimicrobial activity, similar to WAP. The “in vitro” propagation and acclimatization of Z. punctata constitutes a fundamental tool to achieve large-scale multiplication of this species in the future and the sustainable production of bioactive compounds with commercial applications. Reimplantation in the natural habitat could prevent the loss of this medicinal genetic resource.
Carbon Sequestration and the Enzymic Latch Mechanism in Red, Black and White Mangrove Soils of Florida USA.
Authors: Dasat G. S. ,   Department of Science, Plateau State Polytechnic Barkin Ladi, Plateau State PMB 2023 Jos, Nigeria
Published: July 2024

Mangrove swamps are important habitat types providing vital ecological services, such as protection of coastlines from erosion and extreme weather conditions including hurricanes, recycling of nutrients and sequestration of carbon. Mangrove swamps support a wide range of biodiversity, improve water quality, provide fish for local communities. They are also used as a source of wood fuel, medication as well as for harvesting honey for the local population. Soil samples for laboratory analyses were collected from red (Rhizophora mangle), black (Avicennia germinans) and white (Laguncularia racemose) mangroves in Florida, USA to determine the biogeochemistry processes. Results of analyses indicated that the red mangrove soil is the most efficient for carbon sequestration. It had the lowest phenol oxidase activity (206.15 nmol dicq g-1 h-1), highest phenolic concentration (262.33 µg g-1) and lowest hydrolase enzyme activity (β-glucosidase) (3.04 nmol g-1 min-1) and, as a result, the highest concentration of soil organic matter (SOM) (57.9%). It is believed that the high soil water content (84.2%).) of the red mangrove, due to its proximity to the sea, is a key driver of these observations. The 'enzymic latch' mechanism appears to be prevalent in the red mangrove soil, in particular, allowing these ecosystems to be effective at carbon storage hence, could serve as an important natural tool in mitigating the effect of climate change. Preservation and conservation of mangrove swamps is vital in balancing the effect of global warming.
Mathematical Modelling And Numerical Simulation Of The Behaviour Of The Modified Icaro Dryer Sensor
Authors: Mackpayen Auguste Oscar ,   Laboratoire d’Energétique Carnot (L.E.C) / Université de Bangui, B.P: 908 Bangui (RCA) and Laboratoire sur l’Energie Solaire (L.E.S) /Université de Lomé, B.P: 1515 Lomé-(TOGO), Akata Aloys Martial Ekoe A , Pakouzou Magloire ,   Renewable Energy Systems Technologies Laboratory (L TSER), University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157 Douala, Cameroon,   Laboratoire d’Energétique Carnot (L.E.C) / Université de Bangui, B.P: 908 Bangui (RCA)
Published: July 2024

It has often been observed that traditionally dried coffee has a tainted taste, due to the use of fortune devices. This study was undertaken to provide an approach to solutions. The aim here is to model the modified Icaro solar dryer. This work involves the study of a single-pass solar air collector for drying coffee. The mathematical modelling of the collector is based on the nodal method applied to the electrical analogy to study the thermal exchanges. The results of the temperature profile are obtained for a velocity of 1.5 m.s-1 , an air flow rate of 0.16 kg.m-3 and an absorber surface area of 5.4 m2 . In addition, for surfaces and flow rates varying respectively from 5 m2 to 7 m2 and 0.08 kg.h-1 and 0.35 kg.h-1, we obtained peak temperatures of 72.37 °C and 80 °C respectively. This enabled us to follow the behaviour of these temperatures from top to bottom and along the length of the sensor.
Synthesis of (±)-Glabridin via Formation Isoflavone Using DMS/DMF Adduct
Authors: Yadav Santosh Kumar ,   Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus Department of Chemistry , Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, Nepal, Yadav Shiv Kumar ,   Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus Department of Chemistry , Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, Nepal
Published: July 2024

The objective of this work was to investigate the application of methoxymethylene-N, N-dimethyliminium salts (DMS–DMF adducts) as useful reagents for synthesis of (±)-Glabridin via formation Isoflavone Using DMS/DMF adduct as a key step.
Prelude Before Nobel – Enriching Learning Environment With A Knowledge Concert; Colliding Art And Science. Concept, Origin, And Purpose
Authors: Horwitz Eva Bojner ,   Department of Music, Pedagogy and Society, Royal College of Music, Sweden, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Sweden and Center for Social Sustainability, CSS, Karolinska Institute, Sweden, Thyrén David ,   Department of Music, Pedagogy and Society, Royal College of Music, Sweden
Published: July 2024

The concept of the knowledge concert was developed by researchers at the Royal College of Music and Karolinska Institute in Sweden where live musicians and scientific researchers creates a performance related to an important societal issue. The emotional evocativeness music allows it to act as a facilitator of knowledge acquisition which it is argued enriches the learning environment. In this study, we have built on the idea of the knowledge concert with a novel focus on Nobel prize winners’ work. Knowledge is generated from live musicians and narratives from a cicerone. The two originators will in this study develop the concept of Prelude before Nobel as a knowledge concert. Further knowledge related to the Nobel Prize scientific findings was obtained by listening to live music. In this experience thoughts and feelings were stimulated, which increased the receptivity and understanding of the Nobel Prize in terms of both content and meaning.
The Influence of COVID-19 Infection on Chinese Peoples’ Negative Mood: The Role of Rumination and Social Support
Authors: He Ling-ling ,   School of Education Science, Northwest Normal University, Feng Zhao , Hu Chun-Mei , Pan Qi-lan ,   Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing city, 402160, China,   School of Literature, Journalism and Communication, Xihua University, Chengdu city, Sichuan province，610000，China,   Wenchang Middle School, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
Published: July 2024

Objective: To investigate the Influence of COVID-19 infection on Chinese peoples’ negative mood and the role of rumination and social support, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19 infection. Study design：Cross-sectional study. Methods: Using convenient sampling, 2200 people participated to complete a questionnaire survey. Results: The peoples’ infection rate of COVID-19 was 91.3%, and 89.7% people were infected once. COVID-19 infection could predict peoples’ negative mood positively. Rumination played a partial mediating role between COVID-19 infection and negative mood. Social support not only moderated the predictive effect of COVID-19 infection on rumination, but also moderated the predictive effect of rumination on negative mood. Conclusion: High levels of social support can reduce the impact of COVID-19 infection on rumination and the impact of rumination on negative mood. The whole society should support people in coping with COVID-19 infection in multiple ways, and this can reduce their rumination and negative mood.
Dystrophin S3059 phosphorylation partially attenuates denervation atrophy in mouse tibialis anterior muscles
Authors: Swiderski Kristy , Naim Timur , Trieu Jennifer , Chee Annabel , Herold Marco J. , Kueh Andrew J. , Goodman Craig A. , Gregorevic Paul , Lynch Gordon S.
Published: July 2024

The dystrophin protein has well‐characterized roles in force transmission and maintaining membrane integrity during muscle contraction. Studies have reported decreased expression of dystrophin in atrophying muscles during wasting conditions, and that restoration of dystrophin can attenuate atrophy, suggesting a role in maintaining muscle mass. Phosphorylation of S3059 within the cysteine‐rich region of dystrophin enhances binding between dystrophin and β‐dystroglycan, and mimicking phosphorylation at this site by site‐directed mutagenesis attenuates myotube atrophy in vitro. To determine whether dystrophin phosphorylation can attenuate muscle wasting in vivo, CRISPR‐Cas9 was used to generate mice with whole body mutations of S3059 to either alanine (DmdS3059A) or glutamate (DmdS3059E), to mimic a loss of, or constitutive phosphorylation of S3059, on all endogenous dystrophin isoforms, respectively. Sciatic nerve transection was performed on these mice to determine whether phosphorylation of dystrophin S3059 could attenuate denervation atrophy. At 14 days post denervation, atrophy of tibialis anterior (TA) but not gastrocnemius or soleus muscles, was partially attenuated in DmdS3059E mice relative to WT mice. Attenuation of atrophy was associated with increased expression of β‐dystroglycan in TA muscles of DmdS3059E mice. Dystrophin S3059 phosphorylation can partially attenuate denervation‐induced atrophy, but may have more significant impact in less severe modes of muscle wasting.
The intensity of subacute local biological effects after the implantation of ALBO-OS dental material based on hydroxyapatite and poly(lactide-co-glycolide): in vivo evaluation in rats
Authors: Ilić Veljko , Biočanin Vladimir , Antonijević Đorđe , Petrović Božana , Jokanović Vukoman , Ilić Dragan , Danilović Vesna , Japundžić-Žigon Nina , Paraš Smiljana , Milutinović Jovana , Milutinović-Smiljanić Sanja
Published: July 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the intensity of the subacute local biological effects after implantation and osseoconductive potential of novel hydroxyapatite-based bone substitute coated with poly (lactide-co-glycolide), named ALBO-OS, in comparison to Bio-Oss®.

Methods

Fifteen male Wistar rats, randomly assigned into groups: 10, 20, and 30 days (n꞊5), were subcutaneously implanted with ALBO-OS and Bio-Oss®. Furthermore, artificially made bone defects on both rat’s tibias were implanted with experimental materials. Unimplanted defects represented negative control. After the animals’ euthanizing, tissue samples were prepared and analyzed histologically and histomorphometrically.

Results

Normal healing of the epithelial tissue was observed, with no signs of infection or necrosis. Minimal vascular congestion was noted immediately around the graft, with no signs of tissue oedema, with a minimal capsule thickness. The applied material did not cause an inflammatory response (IR) of significant intensity, and 20 days after implantation, the IR was mainly assessed as minimal. The tibial specimen showed that ALBO-OS has good osseoconductive potential, similar to Bio-Oss®, as well as low levels of acute and subacute inflammation.

Conclusions

The tested material exhibits satisfying biocompatibility, similar to Bio-Oss®.
China’s International Communication to the Arab World in the Era of Integrated Media
Authors: Liu Xinlu , Dong Qi
Published: July 2024

The habits of Arab audiences in using media and the development logic of the media industry in the Arab world have undergone major changes in light of the rapid development of information technology, and integrated development between traditional and modern media has become a general trend and a key in international media competitions between world powers. China’s international communication to the Arab world must actively respond to this change. On the one hand, we must understand and strengthen the importance and urgency of international communication to the Arab world from the strategic height of the rise of a great power. On the other hand, we must make efforts at the tactical level by meeting users’ requirements, focusing on the contents, and applying technological innovation.
Digital Methods to Promote Inclusive and Effective Learning in Schools: A Mixed Methods Research Study
Authors: Stalmach Aleksandra , D’Elia Paola , Di Sano Sergio , Casale Gino
Published: July 2024

This study investigates 14 digitally enhanced learning methods, shedding light on students with special educational needs (SEN) in inclusive digital learning environments. We seek to fill the gap in the literature by specifically investigating methods suitable for students with SEN. A survey among experts has been carried out to assess learning methods that are effectively applicable in inclusive digital learning environments. A mixed method: quantitative and qualitative data analysis with the use of a constant comparative method has been applied to synthesise and compare experts’ answers. Quantitative data analysis showed that cooperative learning, digital problem/project-based learning, and virtual exchange are the most suitable methods for all students, whereas digital problem/project-based learning, cooperative learning, and service-learning were agreed upon as the most appropriate for students with SEN. Answers to open questions, evaluated using a qualitative approach, showed that the effectiveness of digital approaches is heavily reliant on the skills, experience, willingness, confidence, and knowledge of teachers implementing them. Employing cooperative learning and digital problem/project-based learning, particularly by experienced and highly skilled teachers, has the potential to effectively support all students, including those with SEN, in digital learning environments.
The European commitment to human-centered technology: the integral role of HCI in the EU AI Act’s success
Authors: Calero Valdez André , Heine Moreen , Franke Thomas , Jochems Nicole , Jetter Hans-Christian , Schrills Tim
Published: July 2024

The evolution of AI is set to profoundly reshape the future. The European Union, recognizing this impending prominence, has enacted the AI Act, regulating market access for AI-based systems. A salient feature of the Act is to guard democratic and humanistic values by focusing regulation on transparency, explainability, and the human ability to understand and control AI systems. Hereby, the EU AI Act does not merely specify technological requirements for AI systems. The EU issues a democratic call for human-centered AI systems and, in turn, an interdisciplinary research agenda for human-centered innovation in AI development. Without robust methods to assess AI systems and their effect on individuals and society, the EU AI Act may lead to repeating the mistakes of the General Data Protection Regulation of the EU and to rushed, chaotic, ad-hoc, and ambiguous implementation, causing more confusion than lending guidance. Moreover, determined research activities in Human-AI interaction will be pivotal for both regulatory compliance and the advancement of AI in a manner that is both ethical and effective. Such an approach will ensure that AI development aligns with human values and needs, fostering a technology landscape that is innovative, responsible, and an integral part of our society.
Teaching citation to university students
Authors: Gardner Sheena , Whiteside Karin , Yakovchuk Nadya
Published: July 2024

A frequent comment by academic writing tutors is ‘use more citation’, yet this may not be helpful. University students may have difficulty with citation practices for several reasons. Prior to university, students may be encouraged to develop arguments based on personal opinions. At university, the risks of plagiarism are emphasised. Finally, students may be uncertain about challenging ‘expert’ views and how to assert their own voices critically and in ways that are acceptable in the disciplines and genres they are producing. This paper integrates findings from research that reveals the complexity of citation practices which could be presented as an intricate system network that might be practical for research purposes or for teacher education, but is more complicated than most students need. Three sample lessons are presented to show how research findings have been simplified for teaching students about citation. We are therefore able to compare theory that presents many logical possibilities, with research that presents probabilities and findings from specific contexts, with pedagogical practice in sample lessons that condense and often simplify theory and research in order to influence student writing.
Near-infrared indocyanine green angiography in recognizing bowel ischemia in emergency surgery: game changer or overrated?
Authors: Christofi Anastasia , Traska Thilo , Dimitroulis Dimitrios
Published: July 2024

Assessing bowel perfusion in emergency intestinal surgery can prove challenging even for experienced surgeons. The necessity of a technological tool assisting clinicians is undisputed. Near-infrared indocyanine green (NIR-ICG) angiography has been increasingly used in elective colorectal surgery to evaluate intestinal perfusion with promising results. This review aims to answer whether a similar outcome can be observed in acute cases of bowel ischemia. We conducted online research of the literature using keywords such as “indocyanine green”, “bowel”, “emergency” and “ischemia”, to identify articles concerning the use of ICG-angiography in evaluating bowel perfusion during emergency operations. PubMed was the primary database. 11 articles were included in this systematic review with a total of 358 patients. Most papers showed a positive effect after using NIR-ICG-angiography, whereas one study indicated the limitations of the method by exhibiting increased reoperation and mortality rates. Moreover, a significant variation in indocyanine green (ICG) dose and fluorescence identification systems was observed. NIR-ICG-angiography has the potential to become a fundamental tool in emergency intestinal operations. Nevertheless, additional research, especially high-quality, randomized studies, as well as quantification techniques are still needed to support these preliminary observations.
Accelerated biological brain aging in major depressive disorder
Authors: How Eng Han , Chin Shar-Maine , Teo Chuin Hau , Parhar Ishwar S. , Soga Tomoko
Published: July 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients commonly encounter multiple types of functional disabilities, such as social, physical, and role functioning. MDD is related to an accreted risk of brain atrophy, aging-associated brain diseases, and mortality. Based on recently available studies, there are correlations between notable biological brain aging and MDD in adulthood. Despite several clinical and epidemiological studies that associate MDD with aging phenotypes, the underlying mechanisms in the brain remain unknown. The key areas in the study of biological brain aging in MDD are structural brain aging, impairment in functional connectivity, and the impact on cognitive function and age-related disorders. Various measurements have been used to determine the severity of brain aging, such as the brain age gap estimate (BrainAGE) or brain-predicted age difference (BrainPAD). This review summarized the current results of brain imaging data on the similarities between the manifestation of brain structural changes and the age-associated processes in MDD. This review also provided recent evidence of BrainPAD or BrainAGE scores in MDD, brain structural abnormalities, and functional connectivity, which are commonly observed between MDD and age-associated processes. It serves as a basis of current reference for future research on the potential areas of investigation for diagnostic, preventive, and potentially therapeutic purposes for brain aging in MDD.
In vitro and in silico investigations of the pro-apoptotic activity of Opuntia ficus-indica cladode extracts against K562 cells
Authors: Öncül Şule , Becer Eda , Mega Tiber Pınar , Teralı Kerem , Aykac Asli
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) are thought to be an excellent source of bioactive compounds, making them an aspirant for the manufacture of health-promoting compounds. This study aims at exploring the pro-apoptotic effects of spiny and thornless OFI cladode extracts on the human immortalized myelogenous leukemia cell line (K562).

Methods

The ethanol extraction method was used for preparing cladode extract. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assays. Membrane permeability/damage was detected by annexin V-binding assays, and mitochondrial damage/alteration was detected by mitochondrial membrane potential measurements. The protein expression quantities of Bax and Bcl-2 were assessed by western blotting. The pro-apoptotic potentials of the main spiny and thornless OFI extract constituents were investigated structurally and mechanistically using protein–ligand docking and interaction profiling.

Results

Spiny OFI extract displayed a stronger cytotoxic effect than thornless OFI extract on K562 cells. In silico findings agreed with the pro-apoptotic action observed in vitro.

Conclusions

Finally, our findings imply that OFI extracts cause apoptosis in K562 cells in order to have anti-cancer effects.
Introduction
Authors: Hust Christoph , Roth Martin
Published: July 2024

Games as multifaceted cultural artifacts have repeatedly intertwined with music. The article explores this relationship within European culture. Case studies from the tenth to the twentieth century outline the evolution of music’s conceptualizations and their manifestations in games. By examining this, the study not only suggests their influence on cultural and intellectual developments, but also underscores the significance of nondigital games in constructing and disseminating concepts about music as well as for a history of ludomusicology. Vice versa, it suggests that scrutinizing historical and cultural backgrounds and the socio-historical milieus that shaped play cultures enriches the understanding of historical and contemporary music games. Our tentative overview stresses the need for further dedicated studies on the history of music and games both in Western and in global cultures to uncover the ways in which these two domains interact and inform each other, and thus to broaden the scholarly conversation around music and games.
Sport, Play, Games, and Sounds
Authors: Leccia Marinu
Published: July 2024

This article questions the interaction of sport, play, games, and sounds. Its philosophical approach is based on the works of Bernard Suits, especially his description of the ‘tricky triad’ (the overlapping notions of sport, game, and play), and investigates the relation of this triad to music. Subsequently, the notion of gesture is explored as a common denominator to these activities. Then, this article adopts a semiotic approach and considers analogical processes between sport gestures and music gestures (and their corresponding sounds). In addition, this study develops the concept of ‘transitional topic,’ which argues that ‘sport’ does not act as a direct topic in music but is mediated through various other topics (e.g., the march, the fanfare, or the music exercise). Each of these theoretical explorations is grounded in analyses of pieces by Benjamin Britten (“Playful Pizzicato,” Peter Grimes, “Early Morning Bathe,” and Three Divertimenti). Britten’s music is used as a counterpoint to explore the theoretical perspectives of this article, as his music showcases the crossover between sport-like, play-like, and game-like aesthetics.
Avulsão traumática do bulbo ocular: relato de caso e discussão dos aspectos periciais envolvidos
Authors: Do Couto Tauer Jordani Gusmão , Coulart Cristiano Otavio Luciano , De Azevedo Júnior Geraldo Magela , Coelho Polyanna Helena , Bordoni Leonardo Santos
Published: July 2024

A avulsão traumática do bulbo ocular é uma ocorrência rara, tendo sido relatados poucos casos na literatura especializada. Os casos reportados são na maioria autoproduzidos, unilaterais e relacionados a doenças psiquiátricas. A perícia médico legal em um caso de enucleação ocular deve buscar elementos que auxiliem no contexto do ocorrido, bem como na identificação do material examinado. Um componente essencial nesta perícia é a circunstância desta enucleação, se autoprovocada ou produzida por terceiro. Neste trabalho é apresentado um relato de caso envolvendo os principais aspectos técnicos da perícia médico legal de um olho removido traumaticamente por ação cortante durante uma agressão física, com ênfase na integração entre os conhecimentos médico-legais e toxicológicos. Na discussão são confrontados os dados periciais obtidos na perícia do olho enucleado com as informações do contexto do trauma.
Estimativa da velocidade em colisões a partir da rotação do motor em casos de “congelamento” do ponteiro do velocímetro
Authors: Bernardo Fontoura Alexandre Magno , Lopes dos Reis Emerson
Published: July 2024

A perícia em acidente de trânsito busca reconstruir a dinâmica de um determinado evento. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho apresenta uma nova abordagem na análise do “congelamento” do ponteiro do velocímetro de um veículo envolvido em colisão, ampliando os horizontes do conhecimento e da interpretação dos vestígios pelo Perito Criminal. O valor de rotação do motor é um parâmetro valioso, pois permite estimar o valor de velocidade e confrontá-lo com aquele apresentado pelo velocímetro do veículo. Um estudo de caso é apresentado ao leitor, de forma prática, como um guia para relacionar as variáveis cinemáticas do evento, possibilitando o cálculo da velocidade das unidades móveis envolvidas, colaborando, portanto, na elaboração de dinâmicas de extrema complexidade.
Protocolo de atuação do Perito Criminal em locais de acidente de trabalho em espaço confinado
Authors: NUNES DE SOUSA JOÃO VICTOR , Toledo E.A.
Published: July 2024

Um ambiente não projetado para a ocupação humana contínua, que possua meios limitados de entrada e saída e onde possa existir atmosfera perigosa é definido como espaço confinado. Devido aos riscos inerentes às atividades nesses ambientes, é comum que ocorram acidentes, demandando, em muitos casos, uma perícia criminal nestes locais, visando estabelecer o que aconteceu, como aconteceu e quem são os responsáveis pelo sinistro. Entretanto, os peritos criminais que atendem a esse tipo de ocorrência geralmente não estão adequadamente treinados para tal, fato esse agravado pela carência, na literatura nacional, de um documento consultivo simplificado para guiar o trabalho pericial em espaços confinados. Assim, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de produzir um protocolo de atuação do perito criminal em locais de acidente de trabalho em espaços confinados, com foco na segurança da equipe pericial, na avaliação técnica do local e na avaliação documental complementar à cena periciada.
Estudos de caso, protocolos práticos e princípios fundamentais: como aprimorar a Ciência Forense?
Authors: Pinke Rodrigues Caio Henrique , Azambuja Amaral Maria Eduarda , Studart Corrêa Rodrigo , Gomes Juliano de Andrade
Published: July 2024

Chegamos à segunda edição de 2024 da Revista Brasileira de Criminalística (RBC). E, com muita alegria e orgulho do trabalho desenvolvido, entregamos mais uma série de artigos de extrema qualidade e que se propõem a colaborar com o desenvolvimento da Ciência Forense. Esta edição, em especial, nos mostra a importância de estudarmos, a partir da análise de casos, os princípios que permeiam a Criminalística e entender quais as melhores formas de manejo, análise e interpretação dos vestígios. O desenvolvimento de protocolos e controles de qualidade que consideram o todo na produção da prova pericial é o que guia a discussão.
Navigating the ‘Pits and Perils’ of Analgesic Therapy in Advanced Liver Disease and Cirrhosis
Authors: Zacharia George Sarin , Jacob Anu
Published: July 2024

The role of the liver in drug metabolism makes individuals with hepatic dysfunction more susceptible to adverse drug reactions, necessitating careful consideration in analgesic selection and dosing. Acetaminophen, despite being a common cause of liver failure, is considered safe within recommended dosages. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), while effective, pose risks in cirrhosis due to complications like renal failure and gastrointestinal bleeding. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors have limited data, and their use is discouraged due to cardiovascular concerns. Opiates, though potent, require cautious use in cirrhosis due to altered metabolism, potential adverse effects, and the risk of addiction. Tricyclic antidepressants like nortriptyline and desipramine can be utilized for neuropathic pain, while SSRIs and SNRIs are not recommended. Anticonvulsants such as gabapentin and pregabalin are preferred for neuropathic pain, with gabapentin being the first-line choice. Topical analgesics, including NSAIDs, lidocaine, and rubefacients, are deemed safe for use in cirrhosis, offering localized relief with minimal systemic effects. Nonpharmacological approaches addressing medical, psychological, and socio-economic factors are crucial adjuvants to analgesic therapy in advanced liver diseases. Physiotherapy, psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, relaxation techniques, acupuncture, and traditional practices like yoga and massage, as well as novel modalities, contribute to a holistic pain management strategy. This review provides healthcare professionals with valuable insights into the complex landscape of analgesic therapy in cirrhosis. Meticulous consideration of drug metabolism, hepatic safety, and individual patient factors is paramount in optimizing pain management strategies for this challenging patient population.
A WIDE-ANGLE STOKES POLARIMETER FOR THE BOOTES GLOBAL TELESCOPE NETWORK. OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL DESIGN
Authors:   Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, SYNIAVSKYI I. I. , CASTRO-TIRADO A. J. ,   Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), IVANOV Yu. S. ,   Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, GUZIY S. S. ,   Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC),   Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, OBEREMOK Ye. A. ,   Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: July 2024

We describe the imaging polarimeter EDIPO (Efficient & Dedicated wide-field Imaging Polarimeter) as a part of astronomical telescopes of the BOOTES (Burst Observer and Optical Transient Exploring System) network that is intended for the study of polarization features of the rapid processes of the gamma-ray bursts afterglow (Gamma-ray burst — GRB). The design of the polarimeter allows one to be installed on the network telescopes with a diameter of the main mirror up to 1.4 m. The EDIPO is designed to analyze the polarization parameters of linearly polarized light in the spectral range of 450—1000 nm. The polarization analyzer of the polarimeter does not contain moving elements and allows measurements of Stokes parameters I, Q, U of light in a 30'× 30' field of view simultaneously for one spectral band of the working spectral range. The optical part of the polarimeter was assembled and tested on a telescope with a mirror diameter of 1.2 m. The calibration approaches for the polarimeter-telescope system are considered.
Project Spotlight: Grade 80 steel reinforcement a success in Oregon project
Authors: Atkinson William
Published: July 2024

The benefits of Grade 80 reinforcing bar were put to the test in 2016, with the building of the Chehalem Creek Bridge near Newberg, Ore. “The higher strength of Grade 80 bars resulted in a smaller quantity of rebar and less congestion in the rebar cages,” says Tanarat Potisuk, prestressed concrete standards engineer for the Oregon Department of Transportation, which permits its use in drilled shafts and other applications.
Project Spotlight: Precast concrete panels give Navy Yard offices seaworthy aesthetic
Authors: Atkinson William
Published: July 2024

High Concrete Group manufactured the precast concrete panels for the 1200 Intrepid Ave. office building in Philadelphia, Pa. The building was designed to resemble a ship’s hull.
Project Spotlight: Philadelphia museum’s precast concrete blends with historical neighborhood
Authors: Atkinson William
Published: July 2024

For The new Museum of the American Revolution in Philadelphia, Pa., the architectural firm opted for architectural precast concrete panels, a cost-effective, visually appealing, and more easily installed solution that would also achieve the distinctive features desired for the building’s exterior. Universal Concrete Products erected about 320 precast concrete, brick- and limestone-clad wall panels for the exterior of the museum.