bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periorbital Filling With The MD Codes™ Algorithm: A Narrative Review and a Practical Guide
Authors: Borba André , Rodrigues Matheus
Published: October 2021

Introduction

The hyaluronic acid dermal fillers are employed to bring balance and facial harmony, improving the proportions and asymmetries of the structures, besides acting to reverse the signs of facial aging. The periorbital region is one of the first to show the signs of aging with periocular wrinkles, deepening of the nasojugal and palpebromalar folds, prolapse of the fat bags, excess palpebral skin, ptosis of the eyelashes, disappearance of the upper eyelid crease due to excess skin and hollowing of the upper eyelid.

Aims

To describe the lines and grooves of the periorbital region and present a practical guide to the MD CODES™ algorithm for filling this region based on a narrative review of the literature.

Methods

The literature research considered published journal articles (clinical trials or scientific reviews). Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE and PubMed) and reference lists of respective articles.

Results

MD CODES™ algorithm maps anatomical points of the face (anatomical codes) that, when treated with fillers, promote instantaneous lifting and rejuvenation. In addition to defining the points for treatment, this method identified the order of the points to be treated, that is, which points should be prioritized to cause greater aesthetic impact. The MD CODES aim to standardize facial rejuvenation and is of particular interest for young as well as more experienced physicians.

Conclusion

Was presented in detail the regions, the aesthetic effects of the application, the technique, the volume, and the target structure undertaken in the remodeling of the tear trough, periorbital, temporal, brow, and frontal regions.
When discordant work selves yield workplace creativity: The roles of creative process engagement and relational identification with the supervisor
Authors: Akkan Eren , Guzman Felipe A.
Published: October 2021

While research has so far focused on role identity conflict’s adverse consequences at work, we know little about how it may contribute positively to organizational functioning. To address this gap, we present and empirically test a theoretical model that explains how and when employees’ work role identity conflict triggers their workplace creativity in hierarchical organizations. Drawing on the symbolic interactionism perspective of identity theory, we hypothesize that creative process engagement mediates the relationship between work role identity conflict and workplace creativity. We further suggest that this mediation effect is stronger when employees have high levels of relational identification with their supervisors. We test our hypotheses via a multi‐source dataset from employees and their direct supervisors. We discuss how unveiling mechanisms behind the constructive side of work role identity conflict inform theory and practice.

Practitioner points

When employees perceive that their multiple work roles are fundamentally in conflict with one another they enter a problem‐solving mode to reconcile these conflicts.

It is crucial for organizations to ensure that employees feel identified with their supervisors so that when they attempt to generate ideas to improve the workplace, the ideas they come up with will indeed be creative.
The Dahl Concept: Best Evidence Consensus Statement
Authors: Goldstein Gary , Campbell Stephen
Published: October 2021

Purpose

In a series of publications, Dahl and Krogstad promoted an orthodontic technique for the treatment of severe wear of the anterior teeth that reportedly could induce intrusion of the anteriors and extrusion of the posterior teeth to allow space to restore the worn anterior teeth. The purpose of this Best Evidence Consensus Statement was to evaluate the existing dental literature related to the Dahl Concept.

Methods

A PubMed search limited to clinical studies, clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta analyses, and journal articles, using the key words Orthodontics, Dahl appliance, Dahl concept and adult, revealed 11 citations, 9 of which were related. An additional 9 citations were culled from the reference lists in the aforementioned articles.

Results

The 20 articles that met the initial search criteria were evaluated and rated. The literature largely focused on the restorative materials that are commonly used to apply the Dahl technique.

Conclusions

While there is low‐level evidence from a few case series that demonstrated the ability to achieve enough space in the anterior region for the restoration of lost anterior tooth structure, there is no compelling evidence to support any theories as to how that space was achieved. In addition, there is no evidence to support the long‐term stability of that position and the restorations. Negative position and restorative outcomes have been reported.
The influence of family socioeconomic status on toothbrushing practices in Australian children
Authors: Trinh Van Anh , Tarbit Emiri , Do Loc , Ha Diep , Tadakamadla Santosh Kumar
Published: October 2021

Objective

To assess the relationship between toothbrushing behavior and socio‐demographic characteristics in Australian children.

Methods

Data were collected through the 2012–2014 Australian National Child Oral Health Survey (NCOHS). NCOHS was a cross‐sectional survey of representative school children aged 5–14 years of Australia with a total sample size of 24,664 children.

Results

Two‐thirds (69%) of Australian children brushed twice or more times a day and the mean age of starting toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpaste was 24 months. Males were less consistent with toothbrushing than females (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74–0.97) and the likelihood of brushing twice or more a day improved with the increase in age (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02–1.08). Children with university educated (OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.44–2.26), vocational trained parents'/guardians' (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.11–1.90), living in families with an income of >AU$120,000 (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.08–1.89) and having an overseas born parent (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.07–1.58) were more likely to brush their teeth twice or more a day than their comparative counterparts. Children in households with two children (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.07–1.64) were more likely to brush twice or more than single‐child households. Children with a health welfare card tended to delay the start of toothbrushing by 1.4 months in comparison to those without a welfare card. Children with one of the caregivers born overseas started brushing later than those with Australia born caregivers (B = 1.04; SE = 0.46). Children living in high income and educated families and households with two or more children tended to start toothbrushing at an earlier age.

Conclusions

Several family socio‐demographic factors influenced toothbrushing habits in Australian children.
Oregano essential oil showed limited effects on pigs' carcass quality and haematology whereas a transcriptome analysis revealed significant modulations in the jejunum and the ileum
Authors: Hofmann Haiko Hendrik , Heusler Katharina , Roth Katharina , Pröll‐Cornelissen Maren Julia , Große‐Brinkhaus Christine , Schellander Karl , Neuhoff Christiane
Published: October 2021

Pig production depends on a health and performance balance. An approach to improve intestinal health is the oregano essential oil (OEO) supplementation within a conventional diet. Intestinal integrity regulating effects, for example gene expression, of some feed ingredients are important key factors for that balance. We hypothesized that OEO affects the expression of genes associated with pigs’ intestinal integrity. In four trials, a total of 86 pigs have been used. From weaning, the ‘treated’ group (n = 42) was additionally fed an oregano flavour additive [1500 mg/kg (7.5% pure OEO)] within the basal diet. The ‘control’ group (n = 44) was kept under identical environmental conditions, except the OEO. At age of 6 months, pigs were slaughtered with an average weight of 111.1 ± 10.9 kg. In addition to automatically generated ‘Fat‐o‐Meter’ (AutoFOM) data, carcass quality factors have been measured manually. Valuable cuts of meat, such as ham and belly, were significantly reduced in the OEO group. Effects of OEO on pigs' haematologic parameters were very limited. For transcriptome analysis, the most interesting microarray expression results have been listed in a table (topTable). Selected genes were technically validated by qPCR. As a result, few significant differences in animal development and meat quality have been found between the OEO treated and the control group. Depending on OEO supplementation, we found 93 differently regulated genes in the jejunal tissue (70 up, 23 down) and 60 in the ileal tissue (48 up, 12 down). Just three genes (GRIN3B [glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3B], TJP1/ZO‐1 [tight junction protein ZO‐1] and one uncharacterized gene) were affected by OEO both in jejunum and ileum. qPCR validation revealed AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 (AKT3), Interferon (IFN) ‐ε, ‐ω, tight junction protein (TJP1)/ZO‐1 (ZO‐1) to be upregulated in the jejunum and C‐C motif chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) was upregulated in the ileum of pigs that were supplemented with OEO. OEO supplementation had limited effects on pigs’ performance traits. However, we were able to demonstrate that OEO alters the expression of genes associated with adaptive immune response in pigs’ small intestine. These findings help to explain OEOs’ beneficial impact on pigs’ intestinal integrity.
Spirituality in Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit: An analysis in the wake of Foucault
Authors: Voogt Ariën
Published: October 2021

Ancient philosophy is often distinguished from modern philosophy regarding its affinity to spirituality. In antiquity, philosophy meant a way of life rather than a body of knowledge. Yet according to Michel Foucault, Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit constitutes an important exception to modern philosophy’s break with spirituality, as it integrates structures of spirituality into modern forms and ideals of philosophy. This article builds on Foucault’s analysis by revealing the structures of spirituality that are present within the Phenomenology of Spirit. It argues that in Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit the exercise of reason is itself understood as a spiritual exercise. The case of Hegel shows that modern philosophy is not as a whole opposed to the conception of philosophy as a way of life but contains strands that are in line with the ancient tradition.
Fatty acids can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus SaeS activity at the membrane independent of alterations in respiration
Authors: DeMars Zachary R. , Krute Christina N. , Ridder Miranda J. , Gilchrist Aubrey K. , Menjivar Cindy , Bose Jeffrey L.
Published: October 2021

In Staphylococcus aureus, the two‐component system SaeRS is responsible for regulating various virulence factors essential for the success of this pathogen. SaeRS can be stimulated by neutrophil‐derived products but has also recently been shown to be inactivated by the presence of free fatty acids. A mechanism for how fatty acids negatively impacts SaeRS has not been described. We found that unsaturated fatty acids, as well as fatty acids not commonly found in Staphylococcal membranes, prevent the activation of SaeRS at a lower concentration than their saturated counterparts. These fatty acids can negatively impact SaeRS without altering the respiratory capacity of the bacterium. To uncover a potential mechanism for how fatty acids impact SaeRS function/activity, we utilized a naturally occurring point mutation found in S. aureus as well as chimeric SaeS proteins. Using these tools, we identified that the native transmembrane domains of SaeS dictate the transcriptional response to fatty acids in S. aureus. Our data support a model where free fatty acids alter the activity of the two‐component system SaeRS directly through the sensor kinase SaeS and is dependent on the transmembrane domains of the protein.
Oviposition dynamics of Aedes aegypti in Central Argentina
Authors: Sánchez‐Díaz E. , Gleiser R. M. , Lopez L. R. , Guzman C. , Contigiani M. S. , Spinsanti L. , Gardenal C. N. , Gorla D. E.
Published: October 2021

Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is the vector of multiple arboviruses. To evaluate the association between environmental factors and the oviposition activity of Ae. aegypti in Argentina, data on the presence and abundance of eggs were collected using ovitraps, between September of 2018 and May of 2019, in the cities of Villa María, Río Cuarto and Salsipuedes (Córdoba province, Argentina). We analysed the relationships between oviposition and five environmental factors: Temperature, precipitation, vegetation cover, human population density and distance to sites with a potential high density of larval habitats, like cemeteries and trash dumps. Environmental factors' data were collected using satellite image products. The oviposition activity was randomly distributed in three cities. Using generalized linear mixed models, we show that the house where each ovitrap was placed was a source of variability in oviposition, suggesting the relevance of microsite factors and the importance of domestic control actions. Ae. aegypti oviposition was positively correlated with night‐time temperature of the previous 3 weeks, and in a context‐dependent manner, it was positively correlated with human population density, vegetation cover and precipitation. The consistency and magnitude of these relationships varied between cities, indicating that oviposition is related to a complex system of environmental variables.
Plasma xanthine oxidoreductase is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in stable kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Oki Rikako , Hamasaki Yoshifumi , Komaru Yohei , Miyamoto Yoshihisa , Matsuura Ryo , Akari Seigo , Nakamura Takashi , Murase Takayo , Doi Kent , Nangaku Masaomi
Published: October 2021

Aim

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is known as an enzyme related to purine metabolism, catalysing the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid. We investigated the relationship between plasma XOR activity in stable kidney transplantation (KT) recipients and carotid artery lesions.

Methods

A total of 42 KT patients visiting our outpatient clinic on regular basis were recruited. Associations between plasma XOR activity and the existence of plaque in the common carotid artery (CCA) or internal carotid artery (ICA) and maximum intima‐medial thickness (IMT) of CCA (max‐CIMT) > 0.9 mm were examined using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

At blood sampling, the mean and SD patient age was 52.7 ± 13.8 years old. Plasma XOR(pmol/h/ml) activity was significantly higher in patients with CCA/ICA plaque or max‐CIMT >0.9 mm than those without. [23.9 (11.8, 38.3) vs. 8.29 (6.67, 17.5), p < .01, 23.9 (16.9, 71.2) vs. 9.16 (6.67, 28.2), p = .01] Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed age and plasma XOR activity as independent predictors of CCA/ICA plaque or max‐CIMT >0.9 mm. Receiver operator characteristic curve analyses revealed that the cutoff value of plasma XOR activity for the diagnosis of CCA/ICA plaque or CCA‐IMT > 0.9 mm was 16.3 pmol/h/ml.

Conclusion

Plasma XOR activity is associated independently with atherosclerotic changes in the carotid artery of stable post‐KT patients.
Primula longistyla (Primulaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China
Authors: Ma Xing‐Da , Wang Wen‐Guang , Shi Ji‐Pu , Shen Jian‐Yong
Published: October 2021

Primula longistyla, a new species of Primulaceae from Cangyuan County, Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to P. densa, but differs clearly in that its leaves are densely white villous on both sides, homostylous flowers, exannulate corollas, longer corolla tube (2.5–2.8 cm long, ca 4 times as long as the calyx) and styles often obviously protruding from corolla tube. A comparison table of related species is provided.
microRNA‐491‐5p regulates osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wang Lingxiao , Liang Chao , Lin Xiao , Liu Changying , Li Jun
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Osseointegration of oral implants has a low success rate in patients with type 2 diabetes. This is because of the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation in the jawbone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, in which the expression of microRNA(miR)‐491‐5p is significantly downregulated, as ascertained through gene chip screening. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we aimed to clarify the mechanisms involved in the influence of miR‐491‐5p on osteogenic differentiation.

Subjects and methods: Jawbone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from jawbones of patients with type 2 diabetes and subjected to bioinformatics and functional analyses. Osteogenesis experiments were conducted using the isolated cells and an in vivo model.

Results

Knockdown and overexpression experiments revealed the positive effects of miR‐491‐5p expression on osteogenic differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, a dual‐luciferase assay revealed that miR‐491‐5p targeted the SMAD/RUNX2 pathway by inhibiting the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor.

Conclusions

miR‐491‐5p is vital in osteogenic differentiation of jawbone mesenchymal stem cells; its downregulation in type 2 diabetes could be a major cause of decreased osteogenic differentiation. Regulation of miR‐491‐5p expression could improve osteogenic differentiation of jawbone mesenchymal stem cells in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Etio‐histomorphogenesis of styloid enlargement—A novel and extensive light microscopic analysis of 10 cases of Eagle’s syndrome
Authors: Jeyaraj Priya
Published: October 2021

Aim & Objectives

To carry out detailed light microscopic analysis of excised specimen of elongated styloid processes (ESPs) from patients suffering from Eagle's syndrome (ES). To thus gain a clear and precise insight into the aetiology, origin, development and progression of styloid enlargement, and to accurately hypothesize the underlying histopathological mechanisms bringing about their thickening and elongation.

Study Design & Setting

This 3‐year study was conducted in 10 patients of ES, who were treated by transoral styloidectomy. The excised ESPs were subjected to a systematic and comprehensive histological analysis of sections from their base, mid and apical thirds.

Material & Methods

Imaging and diagnostic workup, operative procedure, postsurgical protocols and regimen, tissue processing and analysis of excised specimen were the same in all patients.

Results

Immature woven bone trabeculae and dystrophic calcifications were found within fibrocollagenous mesenchymal condensations of the stylohyoid ligament (SL) at the apical region of the ESPs, and in the tendinous insertions of the styloid group of muscles into the ESPs, indicative of their osseous metaplasia as a form of reactive response.

Conclusion

Repetitive stress, traction or traumatic stimuli brought to bear upon the apices and lateral surfaces of styloid processes via tendinous insertions of the SL and styloid group of muscles, as a result of neck and hyoid movements, are likely to serve as triggering factors, stimulating an osseous metaplasia of connective cells within these mesenchymal structures as well as in the periosteal fibrous tissue, into osteoblasts and osteocytes. This reactive response is followed by osteogenesis and laying down of woven bone at these sites, resulting in increase in length and circumference of the SPs and their attendant, associated clinical sequelae.
Biphasic clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: An aggressive metastatic neoplasm
Authors: Titinchi Fadi , Ebrahim AK , Mahomed Naeem , Afrogheh Amir
Published: October 2021

Introduction

The recent classification of odontogenic tumours includes the entities clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) and clear cell ameloblastoma (CCAM) under the unifying name CCOC. The lack of ameloblastic differentiation in many cases of CCOC, its more aggressive behaviour and unique molecular profile suggest a distinct entity which merits its own standing in the classification of odontogenic carcinomas.

Case report

A 53‐year‐old male presented with excessive hyperplastic tissue in the anterior maxilla. Microscopic examination disclosed a biphasic clear cell neoplasm with nests of polygonal clear cells, surrounded by intensely eosinophilic flattened cells. The tumour cells were immunoreactive for MNF 116, CK 14, CK 19, CK 5 and EMA. The proliferation index, Ki67, was low and its expression, similar to the basal‐cell‐specific cytokeratins (CK 14 and CK5), was confined to the peripheral cells. Molecular studies confirmed EWSR1 gene rearrangements. An anterior maxillectomy was performed, supplemented with radiotherapy. Three years after resection, multiple metastatic bodies were detected in the lung and the patient passed away 1 year later.

Conclusion

This case further supports the notion that CCOC with biphasic histomorphology appears to have a high mortality rate, and it may be wise to treat and monitor these patients more aggressively.
Predictors of shoulder limitations and disability in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: Importance of device size
Authors: Cosgun Muharrem Said , Cosgun Cansu
Published: October 2021

Background

Generator‐induced shoulder impairment is a common complication of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation. Although implantable cardioverter–defibrillators (ICDs) have become smaller in size, they are still bigger than pacemakers (PMs). This study aimed to investigate the effects of single‐chamber PM and ICD sizes on shoulder function.

Methods

This retrospective study included 200 consecutive patients, of whom 123 had PMs and 77 had ICDs. The CIED implantation effects on shoulder function, pain, disability, and quality of life (QoL) were evaluated. The range of motion (ROM), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH), and Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) Health Survey (Physical and Mental Component Summary [PCS and MCS]) were used.

Results

The flexion and abduction range limitation rates were significantly higher in the ICD group than in the PM group (16.9% vs. 7.3%, p = .035 and 19.5% vs. 8.9%, p = .031, respectively). The two groups had similar VAS scores. The median QuickDASH score was significantly higher in the ICD group than in the PM group (8.2 [3.6–19.6] vs. 4.6 [2.6–17.9], p = .034). There were no significant differences in SF‐36 components between the two groups. ICD implantation (OR: 1.642, 95% CI: 1.293–2.776; p = .001) and incision length (OR: 1.343, 95% CI: 1.194–2.064; p = .01) were independent predictors of shoulder ROM limitations.

Conclusions

Reduced device sizes with advancing technology can decrease shoulder functional limitations and disability after implantation. Healthcare professionals should not neglect shoulder evaluations during the pre‐ and postimplantation periods.
Are depressed patients’ coping strategies associated with psychotherapy treatment outcomes?
Authors: Tait James , Edmeade Laura , Delgadillo Jaime
Published: October 2021

Background

In theory, depression is thought to be associated with deficits in adaptive and excesses in maladaptive coping strategies. This study aimed to investigate associations between coping strategies and depression treatment outcomes.

Method

Participants (N = 126) completed measures of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies before and after accessing evidence‐based psychotherapies for depression. The primary outcome was self‐reported depression severity measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9). Hierarchical regression was used to investigate associations between coping strategies and post‐treatment depression symptoms, controlling for therapeutic alliance and relevant demographics.

Results

Lower pre‐treatment engagement coping and higher rumination predicted higher post‐treatment depression, but both of these effects became non‐significant after controlling for baseline depression severity. Similarly, correlations between change in rumination and change in depression were no longer significant after controlling for baseline severity.

Conclusions

Deficits in adaptive (engagement) and excesses in maladaptive (rumination) coping strategies may simply be proxy indicators (epiphenomena) of depression severity.

Practitioner points

Lower pre‐treatment engagement coping predicted higher post‐treatment depression

Higher pre‐treatment rumination predicted higher post‐treatment depression

Change in rumination during treatment correlated with change in depression symptoms

However, none of the above associations remained statistically significant after controlling for baseline depression severity
Variation in nectar quality across 34 grassland plant species
Authors: Venjakob C. , Ruedenauer F. A. , Klein A.‐M. , Leonhardt S. D.
Published: October 2021

Floral nectar is considered the most important floral reward for attracting pollinators. It contains large amounts of carbohydrates besides variable concentrations of amino acids and thus represents an important food source for many pollinators. Its nutrient content and composition can, however, strongly vary within and between plant species. The factors driving this variation in nectar quality are still largely unclear.

We investigated factors underlying interspecific variation in macronutrient composition of floral nectar in 34 different grassland plant species. Specifically, we tested for correlations between the phylogenetic relatedness and morphology of plants and the carbohydrate (C) and total amino acid (AA) composition and C:AA ratios of nectar.

We found that compositions of carbohydrates and (essential) amino acids as well as C:AA ratios in nectar varied significantly within and between plant species. They showed no clear phylogenetic signal. Moreover, variation in carbohydrate composition was related to family‐specific structural characteristics and combinations of morphological traits. Plants with nectar‐exposing flowers, bowl‐ or parabolic‐shaped flowers, as often found in the Apiaceae and Asteraceae, had nectar with higher proportions of hexoses, indicating a selective pressure to decelerate evaporation by increasing nectar osmolality.

Our study suggests that variation in nectar nutrient composition is, among others, affected by family‐specific combinations of morphological traits. However, even within species, variation in nectar quality is high. As nectar quality can strongly affect visitation patterns of pollinators and thus pollination success, this intra‐ and interspecific variation requires more studies to fully elucidate the underlying causes and the consequences for pollinator behaviour.
Rising to the Top: Motivational Forces Influencing Status Conflict in Sourcing Teams
Authors: Franke Henrik , Eckerd Stephanie , Foerstl Kai
Published: October 2021

Organizations often use cross‐functional teams to make key Operations and Supply Chain Management decisions, but doing so risks instigating conflict between team members since cross‐functional delegates often have opposing functional goals. While previous work has explored the effect of functional goals (i.e., external motivation) in cross‐functional team performance, we extend research in this area to incorporate individual team members' psychological needs (i.e., internal motivation). Specifically, we consider how the interplay of these motivational mechanisms can lead to status conflict within the team, and the ensuing implications on team performance. We conduct an experiment of 136 ad hoc team‐based sourcing decisions, complemented with a sequential qualitative study involving interviews with 37 practicing managers. The results show that functional goal misalignment leads to status conflict, as expected. Yet, counterintuitively, this effect can be mitigated with the team's composition in individual psychological needs for dominance, specifically with heterogeneously dominant individuals. Our study contributes to the behavioral operations management literature on sourcing teams and to the team motivation literature. We provide guidance on how managers can compose cross‐functional teams to improve decision outcomes considering the interplay of external and internal motivational mechanisms.
Stocking Under Random Demand and Product Variety: Exact Models and Heuristics
Authors: Ghosh Vashkar , Paul Anand , Zhu Lingjiong
Published: October 2021

Efficient inventory management in the face of product variety is an important part of retail operations management. In this study, we analyze the optimal stocking policy for a retailer, in a setup with a single horizontally differentiated product with an arbitrary number of product variants, stochastic demand, and two‐level consumer choice. The demands for individual product variants are negatively correlated conditional on the total demand. We assume that each customer will purchase one unit of a preferred product variant, if it is in stock, and will seek to buy a second choice product, if the former is not in stock. We formulate an exact model, with Poisson customer arrivals. In order to maintain tractability and characterize an optimal policy analytically, we develop a benchmark model which does not explicitly account for the stochastic nature of customer arrival times. In this model, which is a heuristic approximation of the exact model, we find simple conditions under which the objective of maximizing expected profit is jointly concave in the stocking levels of the product variants; under these conditions we prove that the optimal stocking levels are simply scaled versions of the optimal newsvendor quantities. We then analytically establish a connection between the exact and benchmark models. We develop a dynamic Monte Carlo simulation experiment to gain further insights on the impact of different performance measures on the effectiveness of the optimal policy in the benchmark model and its performance in reference to the exact optimal policy.
Crying Wolf and a Knowing Wink: A Behavioral Study of Order Inflation and Discounting in Supply Chains
Authors: Niranjan Tarikere T. , Ghosalya Narendra K. , Gavirneni Srinagesh
Published: October 2021

Two field case studies uncover information discounting in supply chains, which manifests in the form of schedule padding and order inflation. Buyers often exaggerate the urgency and quantity of their needs (“crying wolf”). However, both buyers and suppliers eliminate old, inflated orders from their behavioral ordering/supply system implicitly (“knowing wink”) even though they exist in the hyper‐rational ordering system represented by the ERP system. This behavior results in (and from) low credibility of information exchanged between the buyers and suppliers and their subsequent actions, and settles in a suboptimal equilibrium. Eye tracking experiments based on these case studies unpack the psychophysiological mechanisms behind this behavior, specifically, how decision makers consider past UnFilled Orders under different experimental conditions. We find that merely improving the supplier behavior does not help: information discounting reduces only when we sensitize the buyer to the improvement in the supplier behavior. However, this comes with no financial performance improvements; performance improves by further educating the buyers of the optimal target inventory.
Extended longevity of Erwinia amylovora vectored by honeybees under in vitro conditions and its capacity for dissemination
Authors: Choi Hyun Ju , Kim Yeon Ju , Park Duck Hwan
Published: October 2021

Fire blight outbreaks in Korea were first reported in 2015. Regular outbreaks have occurred since, indicating a continuous cycle of the fire blight pathogen in Korea. We determined the role of Apis mellifera (honeybee) as a vector of Erwinia amylovora by verifying the following: (a) E. amylovora longevity in/on honeybees; (b) the most common body parts that carry the bacteria; (c) the rate of bacterial spread to healthy host organs; and (d) the relationship between dispersal of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) and virulent bacterial cells. E. amylovora survived for 15 days on the exterior of honeybee bodies and was most abundant on the abdomen in comparison to other areas such as the labellum, wings, and hind legs. In the digestive system of honeybees, E. amylovora survived for 7 days, and bacteria were found in faeces for 3 days after exposure. The bacteria are likely to be VBNC on honeybees. Honeybees that were contaminated with bacteria transferred E. amylovora to healthy immature apple fruit, shoots, and flowers for 10 days after exposure. E. amylovora was also transferred from inoculated plant parts to uncontaminated honeybees. In addition, bacteria moved from inoculated plant tissues to unexposed honeybees and then from these honeybees to healthy plant tissues. Therefore, E. amylovora can survive in/on honeybees for extended amounts of time, which contradicts previous reports. The bacteria moved to host tissues via honeybees, suggesting that honeybees are the vectors of E. amylovora and play a role in the development of new outbreaks of fire blight disease in the central regions of Korea.
Initial steps on mapping differentially expressed proteins in bovine preantral follicles and ovarian tissue: An approach using single‐follicle MALDI‐MS and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) analysis
Authors: Paulini Fernanda , Araujo Michelle Silva , Silva Luciano Paulino , Lucci Carolina Madeira
Published: October 2021

The molecular mechanisms regulating follicular development and ensuring primordial follicle activation remain undefined. To help elucidate these mechanisms, this proteomic study of bovine ovarian tissue identified the differential molecular profiles of preantral follicles together with the spatial distribution of the most abundant molecular components in the tissue. Isolated primordial, primary and secondary follicles were individually placed on a MALDI target plate for mass spectral acquisitions, with detection of different m/z ranges. Ovarian tissue was sectioned and analysed in the m/z 400–2,000 range. Results of the first analysis indicated a similarity pattern in the molecular protein profile among different follicular classes in the m/z ranges of 100–1000 and 25,000–200,000, but in the m/z ranges of 800–4000, 4000–20,000 and 15,000–70,000, primary and secondary follicles shared similar clustering profiles which were different from primordial follicles (p < .05). In the second analysis, it was possible to correlate some intense molecular components in the tissue from global mass spectrum with the ions detected in the first analysis. Molecular components at m/z 11,325 (±230) were also detected in primary and secondary follicles in the experiment with isolated follicles, in addition to ions at m/z 4,029 (±120), 13,799 (±70), 5,547 (±9), 15,313 (±200), 7,018 (±40) and 7,663 (±90) which were also intensely detected in primary and secondary follicles. The present proteomic approaches evaluated different mass ranges of preantral follicles in bovine ovarian tissue and also indicated the spatial distribution of the most abundant molecular components. This study hopes to pave the way for future research identifying and characterizing specific proteins involved in follicle activation in bovine follicles, in order to better understand folliculogenesis and potentially improve mammalian follicle culture systems.
Assessing Hail Risk for Property Insurers with a Dependent Marked Point Process
Authors: Shi Peng , Fung Glenn M. , Dickinson Daniel
Published: October 2021

Hail risk is among the most challenging perils to insure and property damage due to hailstones has been on the top of the list of annual claims for most non-life insurers. In this article, we present a simple yet flexible statistical model for insurers to assess and manage hail risks from two aspects: analysing the insurance claims arrival pattern upon occurrence of a hailstorm and quantifying the subsequent financial impact of the hailstorm. We formulate the problem using a marked point process where the reporting of insurance claims due to a hailstorm is treated as recurrent events and the claim amounts are viewed as associated marks. Three complications are addressed in model building: the unobserved heterogeneity in claim arrival, the dependence between the event time and the mark and the complex distribution in claim amount. Using a unique data that combine the exposure data from a major US insurer and the radar data from a third-party vendor, we show the proposed method help improve predictive analytics for post-hailstorm claims volume, arrival rate and severity, and thus claim management decisions for the insurer.
Over 55 years of critical power: Fact or artifact?
Authors: Gorostiaga Esteban M. , Sánchez‐Medina Luis , Garcia‐Tabar Ibai
Published: October 2021

This report aims to generate an evidence‐based debate of the Critical Power (CP), or its analogous Critical Speed (CS), concept. Race times of top Spanish runners were utilized to calculate CS based on three (1500‐m to 5000‐m; CS1.5‐5km) and four (1500‐m to 10000‐m; CS1.5‐10km) distance performances. Male running world records from 1000 to 5000‐m (CS1‐5km), 1000 to 10,000‐m (CS1‐10km), 1000‐m to half marathon (CS1km‐half marathon), and 1000‐m to marathon (CS1km‐marathon) distance races were also utilized for CS calculations. CS1.5‐5km (19.62 km h−1) and CS1.5‐10km (18.68 km h−1) were different (p < 0.01), but both approached the average race speed of the longest distance chosen in the model, and were remarkably homogeneous among subjects (97% ±1% and 98% ±1%, respectively). Similar results were obtained using the world records. CS values progressively declined, until reaching a CS1km‐marathon value of 20.77 km h−1 (10% lower than CS1‐5km). Each CS value approached the average speed of the longest distance chosen in the model (96.4%–99.8%). A power function better fitted the speed‐time relationship compared with the standardized hyperbolic function. However, the horizontal asymptote of a power function is zero. This better approaches the classical definition of CP: the power output that can be maintained almost indefinitely without exhaustion. Beyond any sophisticated mathematical calculation, CS corresponds to 95%–99% of the average speed of the longest distance chosen as an exercise trial. CP could be considered a mathematical artifact rather than an important endurance performance marker. In such a case, the consideration of CP as a physiological “gold‐standard” should be reevaluated.
Dissecting the molecular mechanism of russeting in sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) by metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics
Authors: Shi Chun‐Hui , Wang Xiao‐Qing , Xu Jian‐Feng , Zhang Yu‐Xing , Qi Baoxiu , Jun Luo
Published: October 2021

Brown coloration and a rough appearance as russet and semi‐russet (partial russet) are features unique to the popular Asian sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai). The degree of russeting is different between different genotypes. Russeting is sensitive to water fluctuations, where excessive rainwater can trigger/stimulate its development. However, the molecular mechanism of russeting is currently unclear. Here, we employed multi‐omics, i.e., metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, and analyzed the effect of different sand pear genotypes and artificial rainfall on russeting of pear fruits. This led to the identification of 79, 64, and 29 differentially produced/expressed metabolites, transcripts, and proteins that are involved in the biosynthesis of suberin, phenylpropane, cutin, and waxes. Further analysis of these differentially expressed genes and their encoded proteins revealed that four of them exhibited high expression at both transcript and protein levels. Transient expression of one such gene, PbHHT1 (accession number 103966555), which encodes ω‐hydroxypalmitate‐O‐feruloyl transferase, in young green non‐russet fruits triggered premature suberization in the russeting pear genotypes. This coincided with increased production of 16‐feruloyloxypalmitic acid, a conjugated compound between phenols and esters during the polymerization for suberin formation. Collectively, our data from the combined three omics demonstrate that russeting in sand pear is a complex process involving the biosynthesis and transport of suberin and many other secondary metabolites.
A novel LRR‐RLK (CTLK) confers cold tolerance through regulation on the C‐repeat‐binding factor pathway, antioxidants, and proline accumulation
Authors: Geng Bohao , Wang Qi , Huang Risheng , Liu Yajie , Guo Zhenfei , Lu Shaoyun
Published: October 2021

Leucine‐rich repeat‐receptor‐like kinase (LRR‐RLK) is a large subfamily of plant RLKs; however, its role in cold tolerance is still unknown. A novel cold tolerance LRR‐RLK gene (MtCTLK1) in Medicago truncatula was identified using the transgenic lines overexpressing MtCTLK1 (MtCTLK1‐OE) and mtctlk1 lines with Tnt1 retrotransposon insertion. Compared with the wild‐type, MtCTLK1‐OE lines had increased cold tolerance and mtctlk1 showed decreased cold tolerance. The impaired cold tolerance in mtctlk1 could be complemented by the transgenic expression of MtCTLK1 or its homolog MfCTLK1 from Medicago falcata. Antioxidant enzyme activities and proline accumulation as well as transcript levels of the associated genes were increased in response to cold, with higher levels in MtCTLK1‐OE or lower levels in mtctlk1 lines as compared with wild type. C‐Repeat‐Binding Factors (CBFs) and CBF‐dependent cold‐responsive genes were also induced in response to cold, and higher transcript levels of CBFs and CBF‐dependent cold‐responsive genes were observed in MtCTLK1‐OE lines whereas lower levels in mtctlk1 mutants. The results validate the role of MtCTLK1 or MfCTLK1 in the regulation of cold tolerance through the CBF pathway, antioxidant defense system and proline accumulation. It also provides a valuable gene for the molecular breeding program to improve cold tolerance in crops.
Visits to general practitioners after iron‐related deferrals from blood donation in middle‐aged and older Australian blood donors
Authors: Karki Surendra , Davison Tanya E. , Liu Bette , Bell Katy , Olynyk John K. , Hayen Andrew , Irving David O.
Published: October 2021

Background

Australian Red Cross Lifeblood (Lifeblood) advises donors to visit their general practitioner (GP) for medical follow‐up if they are deferred from donating due to having a lower than acceptable level of hemoglobin (Hb) and/or serum ferritin (iron‐related deferrals).

Methods

We used the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study data linked to Lifeblood's donor datasets and other health administrative datasets. We examined the rate of visits to a GP after iron‐related deferral from donation, and investigated whether an early visit to a GP (within 30 days following the deferral) had an impact on return to make successful donation within 12, 18, and 24 months compared to a delayed or no GP visit.

Results

A total of 1928 donors underwent iron‐related deferral. The rate of visits to a GP in the first month after deferral was double the rate observed a month prior. However, only 52.4% of those deferred visited a GP early with slightly more than half of those receiving an iron‐monitoring test. Return to donate over the 24 months was lower in donors visiting their GP early (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] 0.86, 95% CI 0.77–0.97). Early GP visitors were likely to have a relatively poorer health than the delayed or no GP visit group.

Conclusions

Only half of the donors with an iron‐related deferral followed advice from Lifeblood and visited their GP within 30 days of deferral, and these donors have a significantly reduced likelihood of future successful blood donation which may be due to their relatively poorer health status.
Novel insights into negative pressure wound healing from an in situ porcine perspective
Authors: Hodge Jacob G. , Pistorio Ashley L. , Neal Christopher A. , Dai Hongyan , Nelson‐Brantley Jennifer G. , Steed Molly E. , Korentager Richard A. , Zamierowski David S. , Mellott Adam J.
Published: October 2021

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is used clinically to promote tissue formation and wound closure. In this study, a porcine wound model was used to further investigate the mechanisms as to how NPWT modulates wound healing via utilization of a form of NPWT called the vacuum‐assisted closure. To observe the effect of NPWT more accurately, non‐NPWT control wounds containing GranuFoam™ dressings, without vacuum exposure, were utilized. In situ histological analysis revealed that NPWT enhanced plasma protein adsorption throughout the GranuFoam™, resulting in increased cellular colonization and tissue ingrowth. Gram staining revealed that NPWT decreased bacterial dissemination to adjacent tissue with greater bacterial localization within the GranuFoam™. Genomic analysis demonstrated the significant changes in gene expression across a number of genes between wounds treated with non‐NPWT and NPWT when compared against baseline tissue. However, minimal differences were noted between non‐NPWT and NPWT wounds, including no significant differences in expression of collagen, angiogenic, or key inflammatory genes. Similarly, significant increases in immune cell populations were observed from day 0 to day 9 for both non‐NPWT and NPWT wounds, though no differences were noted between non‐NPWT and NPWT wounds. Furthermore, histological analysis demonstrated the presence of a foreign body response (FBR), with giant cell formation and encapsulation of GranuFoam™ particles. The unique in situ histological evaluation and genomic comparison of non‐NPWT and NPWT wounds in this pilot study provided a never‐before‐shown perspective, offering novel insights into the physiological processes of NPWT and the potential role of a FBR in NPWT clinical outcomes.
Multiplexing implementation of rubbing-induced site-selective growth of MoS2 feature arrays
Authors: Chen Mingze , Ki Seung , Liang Xiaogan
Published: October 2021

Two-dimensional layered transition-metal dichalcogenides have drawn enormous interest because of their desired electrical and mechanical properties for making various devices with attractive functions. However, the device fabrication process typically introduces lithography-induced contamination and damage to such fragile and sensitive atomically layered materials. Here, we present a multiplexing lithography process system capable of directly generating few-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) feature arrays with no need of additional lithographic or etching steps. This process combines a site-selective growth scheme based on mechanically generated triboelectric charge patterns and programmable actuation of rubbing templates bearing 2D feature arrays. To achieve a good processing uniformity, we have systematically investigated the effects of implementation of an air cushion on the rubbing template, various interfacing layers on the rubbing features, as well as mechanical load on rubbing templates and substrates. Using this process, we have demonstrated the growth of “L” shaped few-layer MoS2 arrays on SiO2/Si substrates with a good yield.
Additive manufacturing of channeled acoustic topological insulators
Authors: Kliewer Emily , Darabi Amir , Leamy Michael J.
Published: October 2021

We propose and fabricate an acoustic topological insulator to channel sound along statically reconfigurable pathways. The proposed topological insulator exploits additive manufacturing to create unit cells with complex geometry designed to introduce topological behavior while reducing attenuation. We break spatial symmetry in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice structure composed of a unit cell with two rounded cylindrical chambers by altering the volume of each chamber, and thus, observe the quantum valley Hall effect when the Dirac cone at the K-point lifts to form a topologically protected bandgap. Moderately protected edge states arise at the boundary between two regions with opposite orientations. The resulting propagation of a topologically protected wave along the interface is predicted computationally and validated experimentally. This represents a first step towards creating reconfigurable, airborne topological insulators that can lead to promising applications, such as four-dimensional sound projection, acoustic filtering devices, or multiplexing in harsh environments.