bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sticking to it: testing passive pull-off forces in waterfall-climbing fishes across challenging substrates
Authors: Palecek A. M. , Schoenfuss H. L. , Blob R. W.
Published: December 2020

The pelvic sucker of Hawaiian waterfall climbing gobies allows these fishes to attach to substrates while climbing waterfalls 10s-100s of meters tall. Climbing ability varies by species and may be further modulated by the physical characteristics of the waterfall substrate. In this study, we investigated the influence of surface wettability (hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic surface charges) and substrate roughness on the passive adhesive system of four species of gobies with different climbing abilities. Overall, passive adhesive performance varied by species and substrate with the strongest climbers showing the highest shear pull-off forces, particularly on rough surfaces. Thus, differences in passive adhesive performance may help to explain the ability of some species to migrate further upstream than others and contribute to their ability to invade new habitats.
Genomic and physiological mechanisms underlying skin plasticity during water to air transition in an amphibious fish
Authors: Dong Yun-wei , Blanchard Tessa S. , Noll Angela , Vasquez Picasso , Schmitz Juergen , Kelly Scott P. , Wright Patricia A. , Whitehead Andrew
Published: December 2020

The terrestrial radiation of vertebrates required changes in skin that resolved the dual demands of maintaining a mechanical and physiological barrier while also facilitating ion and gas transport. Using the amphibious killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus, we found that transcriptional regulation of skin morphogenesis was quickly activated upon air exposure (1h). Rapid regulation of cell-cell adhesion complexes and pathways that regulate stratum corneum formation was consistent with barrier function and mechanical reinforcement. Unique blood vessel architecture and regulation of angiogenesis likely supported cutaneous respiration. Differences in ionoregulatory transcripts and ionocyte morphology were correlated with differences in salinity acclimation and resilience to air exposure. Evolutionary analyses reinforced the adaptive importance of these mechanisms. We conclude that rapid plasticity of barrier, respiratory, and ionoregulatory functions in skin evolved to support K. marmoratus’ amphibious lifestyle; similar processes may have facilitated the terrestrial radiation of other contemporary and ancient fishes.
Industrial Case Study: Identification of Important Substructures and Exploration of Monomers for the Rapid Design of Novel Network Polymers with Distributed Representation
Authors: Shibayama Shojiro , Funatsu Kimito
Published: December 2020

Designing polymers experimentally is a time-consuming task. Quantitative structure-property relationship analysis can help speed the development of new polymers. The authors hypothesized the ideal mixture model, with which polymers are represented by composition-weighted descriptors of monomers. In this study, we pursued a new polymer that had the desired properties from an industrial dataset. We first constructed a partial least squares (PLS) model and random forest with five descriptor sets. The PLS model with fragment counts, which was the most appropriate model for prediction, was used to optimize the compositions. Subsequently, the authors identified the important substructures of monomers using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). The important substructures were used to select seed structures of monomers for structure generation. Another PLS model with distributed representation, called mol2vec, was constructed, because the ordinary fragment counts are unavailable for extrapolation. The PLS model estimated the polymer target property for screening novel structures. The major novelties of this study are to identify important substructures to the polymer target property and to apply mol2vec to design of network polymers. Eventually, we found a novel desired polymer through the composition optimization and demonstrated that virtual screening of monomers with distributed representation worked.
Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility profile in children under five in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Hussen Siraj , Asnake Solomon , Wachamo Demelash , Tadesse Birkneh Tilahun
Published: December 2020

Background: Streptococcus pneumonia causes high morbidity and mortality, particularly in children under five. Nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage predisposes individuals to pneumococcal infection and horizontal spread within the community. Overuse of antibiotics has been linked to increased risk of antimicrobial resistance to S. pneumonia. We investigated NP carriage rate and resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics in under-five children visiting a public referral center in southern Ethiopia.

Methods: In total, 413 under 5 children who visited the outpatient department for a health check-up, immunization or acute mild illnesses underwent NP sampling. Parent/caregiver surveys were administered at the clinic. Sterile plastic applicator rayon tipped swabs were used for NP sampling. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using modified the disk diffusion method.

Results: S. pneumonia NP carriage was observed in 39% [95% confidence interval (CI): 34.4–43.8]. Living with one or more sibling (AOR (adjusted odds ratio) 1.95: 95% CI: 1.01, 3.76), age group of 3-23 months (AOR 2.31: 95% CI: 1.07, 4.98), co-sleeping with family (AOR 2.09, 95% CI: 1.16, 3.79), attendance at kindergarten/day-care (AOR 1.84: 95% CI: 1.09, 3.11) and malnutrition independently increased S. pneumonia carriage at the individual level. S. pneumonia was highly resistant to Oxacillin (38.5%), Tetracycline (37.3%), and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (34.2%). Multi-drug resistance was observed in 42.2% of isolates.

Conclusions: A high streptococcal NP carriage rate was observed in under-five children. The high level of resistance to commonly used antibiotics calls for enhancing national surveillance of resistance patterns and enforce antibiotic stewardship efforts.
Substantive-methodological concept of the formation of a special course on Markov processes applications
Authors: Suhorukova Irina , Chistyakova Natal'ya
Published: December 2020

The concept of the formation of a special course on economic applications of Markov processes for students of economic universities is proposed. Methodical recommendations are given for teaching such a discipline, introducing students to the applied aspects of the mathematical theory of Markov processes. On the basis of many years of generalized experience in teaching the discipline in REU, the structure of the course construction, its relationship with other disciplines is described. The goals and objectives of the discipline are formulated. A detailed description of the topics under consideration is given and concrete examples of characteristic problems having both a theoretical and a computational focus are proposed. An algorithm for the implementation and control of students' independent work is proposed. Samples of individual analytical work are shown. Criteria for assessing the knowledge of students are formulated, a list of theoretical questions of the final certification is given. The practical orientation of illustrative examples even with serious theoretical foundations allows students to be interested in a wide range of areas of study. The developed approach allows expanding the professional and general cultural competencies of students aimed at the application of mathematical methods of analysis in economic applications, and also forms a scientific worldview and helps establish causal relationships in applied research. The practice of teaching a discipline in REU in the form of an elective discipline has shown its relevance by students and has consistently demonstrated interest in the tasks of this direction. Computer support for training significantly complements the methods of independent work of students, diversifies it, develops the skills of modern work with data, saves time and makes you interested in quickly getting results.
Technical Note—Global Robust Stability in a General Price and Assortment Competition Model
Authors: Federgruen Awi , Hu Ming
Published: December 2020

We analyze a general but parsimonious price competition model for an oligopoly in which each firm offers any number of products. The demand volumes are general piecewise affine functions of the full price vector, generated as the “regular” extension of a base set of affine functions. The model specifies a product assortment, along with their prices and demand volumes, in contrast to most commonly used demand models, such as the multinomial logit model or any of its variants. We show that a special equilibrium in this model has global robust stability. This means that, from any starting point, the market converges to this equilibrium when firms use a particular response mapping to dynamically adjust their own prices in response to their competitors’ prices. The mapping requires each firm to only know the demand function and cost structure for its own products (but not for other firms’ products).
From novel to routine: new oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in primary care in Ireland
Authors: Kirby Ann , Murphy Aileen , Bradley Colin
Published: December 2020

New treatments for atrial fibrillation provide promising opportunities to increase the efficiency of healthcare services while optimising the patient experience. However, research shows that current prescribing practice for this patient group is inconsistent and at odds with international guidelines.
Assisting military families
Authors: Noakes Amy
Published: December 2020

Last month, Remembrance Day provided an opportunity to pay tribute to the armed forces. Health visitors have a crucial role in identifying children of military families, and helping to improve health outcomes, particularly health and emotional wellbeing
Evaluation of SWAT Soil Water Estimation Accuracy Using Data from Indiana, Colorado, and Texas
Authors: Hashem Ahmed A. , Engel Bernard A. , Marek Gary W. , Moorhead Jerry E. , Flanagan Dennis C. , Rashad Mohamed , Radwan Sherif , Bralts Vincent F. , Gowda Prasanna H.
Published: December 2020

Highlights

SWAT soil water assessment was performed using soil water measurements.

Dryland SWAT model soil water content was greater than the irrigated SWAT model.

Using SWAT soil water estimates for real-time (daily) irrigation management purposes with the existing SWAT soil water subroutines and available soils data is considered risky.

The surface layer showed the greatest soil water variability compared to deeper layers.

Abstract. Soil water content (SWC) is a challenging measurement at the field, watershed, and regional scales. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) soil water estimates were evaluated at three locations: the St. Joseph River watershed (SJRW) in northeast Indiana, the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory (CPRL) at Bushland, Texas, and the USDA-ARS Limited Irrigation Research Farm (LIFR) at Greeley, Colorado. The soil water estimates were evaluated under two scenarios: (1) for the defined soil profile, and (2) by individual layer. Each site’s soil water assessment was performed based on the existing management conditions during each experiment, whether dryland or irrigated, and for various periods depending on SWC measurement availability at each site. The SWAT soil water was evaluated as follows: the Indiana site was evaluated under dryland conditions using daily soil water observations for one year; the Texas site was evaluated for a ten-year period under irrigated and dryland conditions using weekly soil water observations from four lysimeters; and the Colorado site was evaluated under irrigated conditions for a four-year period. The simulated soil water was evaluated by comparing the model simulations with observed daily and weekly soil water measurements at the three sites. Based on the results, even though all the SWAT models were considered to perform as good models following calibration (streamflow, ET, etc.), the soil water simulations were unacceptable for the defined soil profile and for individual layers at the three sites. Deeper soil layers had observations greater than field capacity values, indicating poor soil parameterization. The dryland model had greater water content than the irrigated model, contradicting the soil water measurements. This greater soil water simulation with the dryland model is a result of SWAT model uncertainties with ET reduction under dryland conditions due to water stress. This study indicated that soil water estimation using the default SWAT soil water equations has many sources of uncertainties. Two apparent sources resulted in the SWAT model’s poor performance: (1) SWAT soil water routines that do not fully represent soil water moving between layers to meet plant demand and (2) uncertainty in soil parameterization. Keywords: Hydrologic modeling, Soil moisture, Soil moisture sensor, Soil water, Soil and Water Assessment Tool.
Criminalisation of human error in health care: How and why legal accountability can crowd out professional accountability and undermine patient safety
Authors: Sigurgeirsdóttir Sigurbjörg
Published: December 2020

This research is about accountability in health care. Theoretically it aims to shed light on two types of public accountability, how these types interact and relate to the aim of learning to improve patient safety. The study addresses the theoretical questions how and why legal accountability can crowd out professional accountability. It seeks to answer the empirical question what is the impact of criminal charges against health professionals by presenting two sets of data: First, a case study of an event, first of its kind in Iceland, in which a nurse in an intensive care unit was charged for manslaughter by negligence in May 2014. The court case material is examined and specialised in-depth and semistructured interviews conducted to describe the experience at the level of the individual and to account for organisational responses. Second, explorative focus groups were carried out in preparation of an internet survey conducted among all practising nurses in Iceland measuring the impact of the prosecution. The narrative highlights the complexities and risks of error involved in health care. Survey results show that the prosecution has increased the level of insecurity among nurses and raised awareness of the risk involved to themselves in their job. This court case established a precedent and constitutes a defining moment in the health care system. While accountability mechanisms were in their infancies in the system, health professionals in Iceland lost their immunity with a possible setback for the fostering of effective professional accountability mechanisms and devastating consequences for patient safety.
Áhrif orðalags á svör við spurningum Stjórnlagaráðs
Authors: Vésteinsdóttir Vaka , Ásgeirsdóttir Ragnhildur Lilja , Óðinsdóttir Vera , Björgvinsdóttir Snæfríður Birta , Ólafsdóttir Helena , Gunnarsdóttir Eyney Ösp , Þórsdóttir Fanney
Published: December 2020

Rannsóknin sneri að því að meta eiginleika spurninga Stjórnlagaráðs sem lagðar voru fyrir í þjóðaratkvæðagreiðslu þann 20. október 2012. Skilningur fólks á innihaldi spurninganna var kannaður með ítarviðtölum við 60 viðmælendur. Einnig var kannað með spurningakannanatilraun hvort mismunandi orðalag spurninga hefði áhrif á svör þátttakenda. Þar var kannað a) hvaða áhrif það hefði á svörun að breyta spurningunum á þann hátt að þær fælu í sér óbreytt ástand í stað breytinga (og öfugt í einu tilfelli) og b) hvaða áhrif það hefði að breyta forskeyti spurninganna í „ert þú mótfallin(n)“ í stað „vilt þú“. Netkönnun með báðum útgáfum spurninganna auk upprunalegs orðalags var send á háskólanema (n=209) og deilt á samfélagsmiðlum (n=528). Tilgátur rannsóknarinnar voru tvær, fyrsta tilgátan var sú að fólk væri líklegra til þess að vera samþykkt óbreyttu ástandi þegar spurningin fól ekki í sér breytingar. Önnur tilgátan var sú að fólk væri ólíklegra til þess að láta í ljós samþykki á málefni spurningar með því að vera ósamþykkt neikvætt orðaðri spurningu heldur en að vera samþykkt jákvætt orðaðri spurningu. Niðurstöður sýndu að munur fannst á svörum þátttakenda í tveimur spurningum Stjórnlagaráðs í úrtaki háskólanema og þremur spurningum í samfélagsmiðlaúrtaki þegar áhrif þess að spurningin fæli í sér óbreytt ástand voru skoðuð. Áhrif þess að nota neikvætt orðað forskeyti fannst í tveimur spurningum Stjórnlagaráðs í samfélagsmiðlaúrtaki en ekki í úrtaki háskólanema.
GLS-Se optical fibre from extruded glass structured preforms and rods for the IR region
Authors: Guzman Fernando , Craig Christopher , Moog Bruno , Ravagli Andrea , Hewak Daniel W.
Published: December 2020

Depending on composition, chalcogenide glasses have been proven as a reliable medium to transmit light in the range from the visible to the long-wave infrared (LWIR), specialty glasses based on gallium lanthanum sulfide (GLS) with a selenium (Se) addition. This family of glasses offers a broad transparency window depending on the composition. Their optical, mechanical, and thermal properties have been exploited in their bulk form. In this paper, we demonstrate the fabrication of optical fibres from extruded structured (core-clad) preforms and rods, with an emphasis on maintaining the intrinsic characteristics of the glass and exploiting the optical fibre geometry for light delivery.
Population dynamics in pre-Inca human groups from the Osmore Valley, the Azapa Valley and the coast of the South Central Andes
Authors: Coppa Alfredo , Candilio Francesca , Arganini Claudia , de la Vega Machicao Edmundo , Moreno Terrazas Edmundo G. , Lucci Michaela , Cucina Andrea
Published: December 2020

The present study applies a dental morphological perspective to the understanding of the complex pre-contact population history of the South Central Andes, through the detection of the underlying dynamics, and the assessment of the biological ties among groups. It presents an analysis of 1591 individuals from 66 sites that date from the Archaic to the Late Intermediate phases from Bolivia, Chile and Peru. The results suggest this area is characterized by significant movement of people and cultures and, at the same time, by long standing population continuity, and highlight the need for wider perspectives capable of taking into account both the different micro-regional realities and the region in its entirety.
A comparison of the prevalence of and modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment among community-dwelling Canadian seniors over two decades, 1991–2009
Authors: Chireh Batholomew , D’Arcy Carl
Published: December 2020

Background

The prevalence of cognitive impairment or dementia is of public health concern globally. Accurate estimates of this debilitating condition are needed for future public health policy planning. In this study, we estimate prevalence and modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment by sex over approximately 16 years.

Methods

Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) baseline data conducted between 1991–1992 were used to measure the prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia among adults aged 65+ years. The standard Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) was used for the screening test for cognitive impairment. We compared the CSHA data with Canadian Community Health Survey–Healthy Aging (CCHS-HA) conducted between 2008–2009. The CCHS-HA used a four-dimension cognitive module to screen for cognitive impairment. Only survey community-dwelling respondents were included in the final sample. After applying exclusion criteria, final samples of (N = 8504) respondents in the CSHA sample and (N = 7764) respondents for CCHS–HA sample were analyzed. To account for changes in the age structure of the Canadian population, prevalence estimates were calculated using age-sex standardization to the 2001 population census of Canada. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine predictors of cognitive impairment. A sex stratified analysis was used to examine risk factors for cognitive impairment in the survey samples.

Results

We found that prevalence of cognitive impairment among respondents in CSHA sample was 15.5% in 1991 while a prevalence of 10.8% was reported in the CCHS–HA sample in 2009, a 4.7% reduction [15.5% (CI = 14.8–16.3), CSHA vs 10.8% (CI = 10.1–11.5), CCHS–HA]. Men reported higher prevalence of cognitive impairment in CSHA study (16.0%) while women reported higher prevalence of cognitive impairment in CCHS–HA (11.6%). In the multivariable analyses, risk factors such as age, poor self-rated health, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and hearing problems were common to both cohorts. Sex differences in risk factors were also noted.

Conclusions

This study provides suggestive evidence of a potential reduction in the occurrence of cognitive impairment among community-dwelling Canadian seniors despite the aging of the Canadian population. The moderating roles of improved prevention and treatment of vascular morbidity and improvements in the levels of education of the Canadian population are possible explanations for this decrease in the cognitive impairment.
A novel technique for olfactory bulb measurements
Authors: Joshi Akshita , Thaploo Divesh , Yan Xiaoguang , Herrmann Theresa , Khabour Hudaa Alrahman , Hummel Thomas
Published: December 2020

Background

To introduce new ways to calculate OB volumes, checking their validity and comparing them to already established technique i.e. OB volumetric based on manual segmentation of OB boundaries.

Methods

Two approaches were used to calculate OB volumes (1) Manual Segmentation using planimetric manual contouring; (2) Box-frame method, calculating the parameters based on a box placed around the OB.

Results

We calculated OB volumes using both techniques and found comparable outcomes. High inter-observer reliability was found for volumes calculated by both observers. For manual segmentation, Cronbach’s alpha (α) was 0.91 and 0.93 for right and left OB volume, respectively, whereas for the box-frame method α was 0.94 and 0.90 for right and left OB, respectively.

Conclusions

The simple box-frame method of OB volume calculation appears reliable. Its results are comparable to an established technique.
Impact of medication adherence to dual antiplatelet therapy on the long-term outcome of drug-eluting or bare-metal stents
Authors: Choi Jung Min , Lee Seung-Hwa , Kang Mira , Choi Jin-Ho
Published: December 2020

Background

In percutaneous coronary intervention, drug-eluting stent (DES) showed better clinical outcome compared to bare-metal stent (BMS) but mostly with different DAPT durations.

Hypothesis

The clinical superiority of DES over BMS may depend on the medication adherence to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled all Koreans PCI patients in year 2011 (n = 47,291). Medication adherence to DAPT was assessed by proportion of days covered (PDC) per 6 months. Analysis adjusted with the clinical propensity for receiving DES or BMS and DAPT PDC of the first 6 month was performed. Primary outcome was the 5-year major adverse clinical event (MACE) risk consisting all-cause death, revascularization, shock, or stroke.

Results

Patients with DES (n = 46,356) showed higher PDC (78% versus 60%, p<0.001) and lower MACE risk (39% versus 56%, p<0.001) compared to patients with BMS (n = 935). In the propensity-matched 1,868 patients, MACE risk was lower with DES than BMS (46% versus 54%, HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.70–0.91, p<0.001). In both DES and BMS, patients with good medication adherence (PDC ≥80%) showed much lower MACE risk compared to patients with PDC <80% (HR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.30–0.44; HR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.33–0.48, p<0.001, all). Patients with DES and PDC <80% showed higher MACE risk compared to BMS with and PDC ≥80% (HR = 1.30, 95%CI = 1.03–1.64, p = 0.027).

Conclusions

Good medication adherence to DAPT in the first 6 month was prerequisite for better clinical outcome in both DES and BMS. DES with poor adherence to DAPT showed worse outcome compared with BMS with good adherence.
The art of daydreaming: How Ernst Bloch and Mariette Lydis defied Freud and transformed their daydreams through writing and art
Authors: Zipes Jack
Published: December 2020

We all dream. Even my dog dreams; he whines when he dreams, perhaps because his dreams are as filled with anxiety as my own sometimes are. Dreams – bad dreams and nightmares, particularly – can be profoundly unsettling and disturbing. They can shock and terrify us because they cannot be controlled: they are their own narrators, and the only way we can resolve their penetrating stories is by attempting to interrupt them. Only by jolting ourselves and waking up, we can enlighten ourselves and come to light, and only by generating daydreams, we can counteract the malign influences of bad dreams and nightmares and take charge of our lives. Bad dreams and nightmares can bring dread and devastating realizations: they can leave us marooned in our past. Daydreams, by contrast, can generate options, and perhaps a renewed joy in life as well: they demand that, despite obstacles and despair, we move onwards into the future. They are artful stories; they are the art of utopia and are filled with our wishes and anticipatory illumination. They appeal to us to become artists and narrators of our lives. Participating in the creative arts – writing, painting, acting and making music – is to envision dream-like visions of where we want to go with our lives. Without the arts, without writing especially, and without our conscious picturing the ideal other life, there is little possibility that our desires will be fulfilled. We need hope, and we need daydreams to map our destiny. I believe we need to act on our daydreams, and not slumber into nocturnal nightmares. These beliefs and ideas have been informed by studying the work of Ernst Bloch and his notions about daydreams (not nocturnal dreams). He is a neglected, iconoclastic philosopher, and I believe brilliant. In this article, I propose to discuss his theories about daydreams and then turn to the neglected, Austrian-Jewish painter Mariette Lydis, who in her various works offers proof that daydreams play an immense and important role in our creative lives. Contemporaries, both Bloch (1885–1977) and Lydis (1887–1970) wrote and/or painted during the same century as Freud (1856–1939) and Jung (1875–1961). Both were of Jewish origin. Both survived the First World War, the Nazis and the Second World War. Both kept realizing their desires for a better world through writing and picturing their writing.
Why are there still too few women in forestry and science?
Authors: Sjølie Hanne
Published: December 2020

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„A kollégák itt vannak, a hagyományok élnek, az iskolák működnek”: Interjú Dr. Jakab Lászlóval, a Műegyetem professzorával
Authors: Jakab László , Baranyi Dániel , Bonyhády Elek , Trautmann László
Published: December 2020

A Magyar Közgazdasági Társaság Fejlődésgazdaságtani Szakosztálya interjúsorozatot indított azzal a céllal, hogy erősítse a mérnökök és a közgazdászok közötti párbeszédet, közös gondolkodást indítson el a technológiapolitikáról. Az alábbi interjúban Dr. Jakab Lászlóval, a BME Elektronikai Technológia Tanszékének professzorával beszélgetünk. Az interjút Baranyi Dániel, Bonyhády Elek és Trautmann László készítette.
At a higher degree of abstraction, there is the question of common characteristics of the two systems Bernard Chavance’s lecture at the launch of the new book titled Systems, Institutions and Values in East and West Engaging with János Kornai’s Scholarship
Authors: Chavance Bernard
Published: December 2020

It is a pleasure to introduce the discussion about the book ‘Engaging with János Kornai’s Scholarship’, which gives a glimpse of the variety of topics in his extensive life work. I shall focus on a theme that is underlined in the title and runs across most contributions, the system paradigm. Kornai’s contribution is essential and unique here. It combines history and theory, in the perspective of ‘histoire raisonnée’ that Schumpeter saw in Marx. It is centered on economic systems, but the question of the role of polity in these economic systems has been broadened in recent works. (...)
János Kornai’s Evaluation of the Transitional Path: Recent trends in the economies and societies of hungary and some western balkans countries based on János Kornai’s insights
Authors: Plakalovic Novo
Published: December 2020

In this essay, we are trying to focus on and review Kornai’s reflections and observations regarding to the achievements of former socialist economies and their progress on the transitional path. Kornai was a witness to dramatic events that accompanied the collapse of socialism from its very beginnings. Therefore, he is very much competent to evaluate the outcomes of the “Great Transformation”, the process in which many hopes and expectations were invested. As a brave, honest and ever-present scientist, Kornai strives to objectively present and critically evaluate the achievements of Eastern European transitional economies. He does not limit his analysis of transition solely to the economic sphere, but critically considers the overall changes in the society, politics and economy. This paper relies on his insights and observations while studying Serbia and Bosnia & Herzegovina, in particular. It turns out that his assessments are absolutely relevant for those countries, the results of their transition being significantly lower than in other former socialist countries he analyzes, primarily because of the traumatic break-up of former Yugoslavia and continuous political instability that followed in its newly established states. Key words: János Kornai, transition, Great Transformation, transitional path, building capitalism , consequences of transition.
Afghanistan and Pakistan between the US new Strategy and Eurasian Great Powers
Authors: Samay M. Ali
Published: December 2020

One of the most intricate matters when it comes to fighting against terrorism in Afghanistan and South Asia is the perpetual conflict between Afghanistan and Pakistan. The role of Pakistan is a central debate in all security, political and economic subjects of discussion in Afghanistan since its dawn of existence as a country. Mohammad Ashraf Ghani, as the President of Afghanistan, believes his country is in a state of an undeclared war with Pakistan. The reason for this is that Pakistan plays a double-standard policy towards Afghanistan by having diplomatic relations with Kabul while actively supports the Taliban and terrorist groups who fight against the Afghan government and conduct terrorist attacks and bombings in the country. India shares the same point of view about Pakistan, thus becoming the most important strategic partner of Afghanistan in the region. Both countries are actively trying to turn the international community and international and Eurasian powers against Pakistan. Recently, the USA’s President has accepted its lobby and diplomacy. Today, America, Afghanistan, and India have a common voice in the fight against terrorism and its regional roots, which are in Pakistan. The practical result of this common voice is the newly shaped America-India-Afghan (AIA) strategic trinity against terrorism and Pakistan. In this article, we focus on: – The US new strategy towards Afghanistan and Pakistan – Afghanistan’s new position in the US foreign policy – The reaction and response of Pakistan, China, and Russia to the US new strategy – The fragmentation and lack of common initiatives among Eurasian large powers as far as the fight against terrorism and other trans-regional threats is concerned – The practical and possible outcome of the newly AIA strategical trinity or shift for the USA, Afghanistan, and Pakistan considering the policies of the regional or Eurasian great powers.
Az önző gazdaság kudarca - Recenzió Patrick J. Deneen „A liberalizmus kudarca” és Samuel Bowles „Az etikus gazdaság” című könyveiről = The failure of the economy of selfishness
Authors: Csontos Tamás Tibor
Published: December 2020

Hogyan is vezethetett a szabadság kiteljesedése önmaga felszámolásához? Hogyan is válhatott a gazdaság etikamentes területté? A recenziómban ilyen és ehhez hasonló kérdésekre keresem a választ Patrick J. Deneen „A liberalizmus kudarca” és Samuel Bowles „Az etikus gazdaság” című könyveinek bemutatásával. Ezek a művek habár más nézőpontból vizsgálódnak, míg Deneen főként politikai, addig Bowles gazdasági irányból közelít, de mindketten valójában a válságban lévő neoliberális világrend kritikájára vállalkoznak. A művek ismertetése során és azok tanulságait szintetizálva egyértelművé válik, hogyan is vezet a felvilágosodásban gyökerező hamis szabadságeszmény és torzult emberkép az önzésre épülő világrend kialakulásához. Emellett arra is kapunk támpontokat, hogyan lehet beemelni az erényt és az etikát a gazdaság világába.
Genetic and Non-Genetic Effects on Semen Characteristics of Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus)
Authors: Sitanggang Gunawan , Arifiantini Raden Iis , Jakaria J
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate effect of genetic and non-genetic factors on semen characteristics including ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total sperm number and sperm moetility of Bali cattle. Semen data were collected from the National Centre of Artificial Insemination at Singosari, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. A total of 3,847 ejaculates of 17 Bali bulls from 2014 to 2016 were collected and evaluated. Data were analyzed by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method using mixed models which the bull was a random effect, while age of bull, season of collection, frequency of ejaculation and collection intervals were the fixed effects. Results showed that age significantly affected all semen characteristics (P<0.01). Season affected only on sperm motility (P<0.01). Effect of frequency of ejaculation and collection intervals was significant on all studied variables (P<0.01), except sperm motility. Repeatability of ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total sperm number and sperm motility was 0.43; 0.35; 0.32 and 0.31, respectively. It is concluded that age, frequency of ejaculation and collection intervals were the most factors affected semen characteristics of Bali cattle. Repeatability estimations of semen characteristics were moderate to high.
Percepção de estudantes do ensino médio de uma escola pública do Espírito Santo sobre o ensino de Biologia
Authors: Tesch Coelho Fernanda , Duarte Silva Érica , Castro Monteiro Pirovani Juliana
Published: December 2020

O objetivo foi analisar as percepções dos estudantes do Ensino Médio em relação ao ensino de Biologia. A pesquisa contou com a participação de 147 alunos de uma escola pública localizada no norte do Espírito Santo. Os dados foram obtidos através de questionário semiestruturado. Observou-se que a disciplina de Biologia é apreciada por 56,8% dos estudantes devido ao interesse em conhecer os seres vivos, porém considerada complicada por apresentar termos complexos e não se sentirem estimulados pela didática do professor. Os conteúdos de maior interesse pelos alunos na disciplina de Biologia são corpo humano, zoologia e genética e os de menor são células e plantas; e os recursos didáticos mais utilizados são aparelho multimídia, quadro branco e livro didático, porém os estudantes afirmaram que gostariam que as aulas de Biologia tivessem cunho prático com atividades de laboratório, uso de microscópio, aula de campo e visita a museus. Conclui-se que a biologia, apesar de ser apreciada pela maior parte dos estudantes, seu ensino ainda se encontra limitado pelo tradicionalismo metodológico e conceitual, carecendo de práticas que valorizam o conhecimento científico e a contextualização dos saberes com o cotidiano do aluno.
Influência da violência doméstica contra criança e adolescente no seu aproveitamento escolar em Moçambique
Authors: Leão Cezerilo Fernanda Amélia dos Santos , Franze José Joaquim
Published: December 2020

A violência doméstica contra a criança e adolescente é uma realidade inegável em todo o mundo, mormente em países africanos como Moçambique, com imensurável impacto social nefasto para as suas vítimas, quer físico, quer psicológico, podendo manifestar-se a curto, médio e longo prazos. A motivação pelo estudo se deu devido ao fato destas vítimas serem na sua maioria crianças e jovens adolescentes em idade escolar e aventa-se a possibilidade deste impacto influenciar direta ou indiretamente no seu processo ensino e aprendizagem, comprometendo o alcance das atribuições do ministério da educação em termos de erradicação do analfabetismo. O presente estudo visa identificar e analisar as percepções e o sentimento dos professores, encarregados de educação e gestores escolares sobre o tipo de violência maioritariamente praticado e qual tem sido as consequências desta sobre o ensino e aprendizagem dessas petizes vítimas, para além de entender qual tem sido os procedimentos por si tomados após detectar crianças com indícios desta violência supostamente infligida por pais e encarregados de educação. Para a operacionalização desta pesquisa recorreu-se a pesquisa bibliográfica, análise documental e conversas informais com alguns atores sociais que dia a dia lidam e intervêm no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, coletando ideias, opiniões e percepções sobre o impacto desta violência. Acredita-se que o histórico violento da criança não acompanhada psicologicamente, leva-a a desenvolver futuramente condutas violentas e difícil inserção social.
El tratamiento de la persona endeudada en la jurisprudencia post Código Civil y Comercial (2015–2020)
Authors: Bailo Gonzalo L.
Published: December 2020

La persona endeudada es aquella persona humana que no puede hacer efectivo su derecho a liberarse de una o varias deudas, que no solo pesan sobre su patrimonio, sino que también ponen en riesgo otros bienes que integran su personalidad. En este trabajo haremos un análisis de algunas decisiones judiciales post Código Civil y Comercial (2015–2020) que han aplicado distintas herramientas del derecho privado para tutelar a las personas endeudadas.
La cuantificación de los daños por incapacidad y extrapatrimoniales en el Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación (a propósito de los cinco años de su vigencia)
Authors: Pita Enrique Máximo , Depetris Carlos Emilio
Published: December 2020

El artículo repasa algunos de los problemas interpretativos generados con la entrada en vigencia de los Artículos 1741 y 1746 del Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación.
Vers une intégration efficace du numérique en classe : croisement d'expériences et pistes de réflexion
Authors: Van de Vyver Julie , Delforge Carole
Published: December 2020

Dans le cadre du Pacte pour un Enseignement d’Excellence, les consortiums Langues Modernes et Numérique ont analysé plusieurs dispositifs didactiques numériques dans neuf classes de langues modernes et de français-informatique. Les résultats des expérimentations ont mis en avant plusieurs difficultés techniques rencontrées par les élèves quant à l’utilisation d’outils numériques en classe. Par ailleurs, une série de facteurs ont été identifiés comme jouant un rôle sur la qualité de la production des élèves en matière de contenu disciplinaire. Le croisement des données permet dès lors de proposer certaines pistes de réflexion pour une intégration efficace d’un nouvel outil numérique dans une activité scolaire. Une combinaison réfléchie de l’expertise disciplinaire, pédagogique et technologique de l’enseignant est au cœur des suggestions tout comme, pour l’élève, une combinaison entre le contenu à produire, les activités pédagogiques dont il doit bénéficier pour le produire, et les outils à utiliser pour réaliser la tâche.
Oral Healthcare Information Seeking Behaviour of Pondicherry University Students
Authors: K Haritha , Ramaiah Chennupati K , Prakash Gulla Surya , Deepti Chennupati
Published: December 2020

Oral health information provides knowledge about oral diseases and develops awareness among the public to implement preventive measures for oral related diseases. Oral health information (OHI) also needs support in terms of public health policy, education, the provision of professional monitoring and therapeutic interventions as and when necessary. In this context, a survey was conducted with the help of questionnaire to know the oral health information seeking behaviour of Pondicherry University students and those results are presented here. The study also assessed the various channels through which these students receive oral health information, identified their oral health information needs, awareness on oral health and preferred modes of delivering oral health information. The purpose of this study is to understand the importance of oral health to students and also to find out the role of Libraries and Information Centres (LICs) in providing the oral health information in Pondicherry. LICs should act as promoting agencies to deliver health care information to all the needy students. Dissemination of oral healthcare information can be made available in written, spoken or electronic form. The information could be available in the form of books, pamphlets, audio-visual or web-based forms and should be easily accessible to students and the general public.
Uporaba in učinkovitost glasbene terapije v enoti intenzivne terapije
Authors: Zadravec Tanja , Mekiš Dušan , Kmetec Sergej , Vrbnjak Dominika
Published: December 2020

Uvod: Uporaba glasbe v terapevtske namene je neinvazivna intervencija, ki v bolnišničnem okolju lahko ugodno vpliva na pacientovo psihofizično stanje, vendar v vsakdanji obravnavi pacientov ni uveljavljena. Zato je bil namen raziskave preučiti uporabo in učinkovitost glasbene terapije glede na doživljanje bolečine ali stresa pri pacientih, hospitaliziranih v enotah intenzivne terapije.Metode: Izveden je bil sistematični pregled znanstvene literature v mednarodnih podatkovnih bazah: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library z uporabo ključnih besed v angleškem jeziku »music therapy«, »intensive care unit«, »stress«, »anxiety«, »pain« ter upoštevanjem vključitvenihin izključitvenih kriterijev. Potek pregleda literature je prikazan s pomočjo diagrama PRISMA. Kakovost raziskav, vključenih v končno analizo, je bila ocenjena s pomočjo orodja Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Rezultati so sintetizirani z uporabo metode analize vsebine.Rezultati: Izmed 749 identificiranih zadetkov je bilo v končno analizo vključenih 13 raziskav. Raziskave kažejo učinkovitost glasbene terapije pri lajšanju bolečin, poglobitvi sedacije, uravnavanju fizioloških parametrov ter zmanjšanju strahu in anksioznosti pri hospitaliziranih pacientih v enotah intenzivne terapije.Diskusija in zaključek: Glasbena terapija je v medsebojnem dopolnjevanju s farmakološkimi ukrepi primerna intervencija za obvladovanje bolečine in stresa. Primanjkuje dokazov o optimalnem trajanju, zvrsti glasbe in načinu izvajanja glasbene terapije za doseganje najboljših rezultatov.
Impact Analysis in Addition of Amylase Enzyme and Cellulose Enzyme Mixture toward Biogas Production from Rice Husk Waste using Solid State Anaerobic Digestion (SS-AD) Method
Authors: Larasati Dyanung , Hardyanti Nurandani , Sumiyati Sri , Nugraha Winardi Dwi , Syafrudin Syafrudin
Published: December 2020

This research intend to analyze effect of concentrated amylase enzyme and cellulose enzyme, production rate and quality of biogas produced from rice husk waste. The rice husk was given chemical pretreatment by soaking it into NaOH 6 % for 24 hours. Then washed using water so that the pH became normal then dried under the sun before put it inside the reactor with the other enzyme, rumen and urea. The reactor that used has volume of 200ml and has total of 18 reactor with each variable has 2 reactor. Variance of concentrated enzyme that used are 9%, 12%, 15% and 18%. Biogas measurement done every 2 days for 60 days. Result from this research show that addition mixture of amylase enzyme and cellulose enzyme increase yield of biogas that produced. Because yield that produce from reactor with addition of 9%, 12%, 15%, 18% enzyme consecutively are 604 ml, 935 ml, 1041,5 ml and 2922,5 ml. whereas the reactor that not given enzyme only has biogas yield of 115 ml. the highest production rate occur on reactor that were given 18% of enzyme mixture with the production constant rate of 5,39 ml/(grTS day), maximum biogas production amount of 68,53 ml/grTS and the minimum time for biogas to formed is 0,92 days
Opportunities for Application of Cleaner Production in the Sago Flour Industry
Authors: Maulidia Vera , Jati Dian Rahayu , Apriani Isna , Bhaskara Renaldi Surya , Firmansyah Muhammad
Published: December 2020

Increased demand for processed sago has an impact on increasing sago starch production. The opportunity to produce sago flour is then used by some entrepreneurs to produce on a factory scale. Increasing competitiveness among entrepreneurs causes many aspects to be needed to improve marketing quality, including efforts to reduce waste generated from each production process. This study aims to identify the production process of sago starch and provide recommendations for waste minimization and clean technology in the sago flour industry. Interview methods and field observations were carried out in this study. The volume of waste generated in the production process of sago flour includes 10 kg of used sacks, 10 kg of spilled lamantak, 100 kg of sago dregs, 60 kg of spilled sago flour, 20 kg of burning ash and 50 kg of coarse sago flour. Liquid waste in the form of used water is 36,042 liters. Clean production methods that can be done are reducing the use of washing water, reselling used sacks into handicrafts, returning spilled flour and coarse sago flour to the demolition and dispensing basins, selling burning ashes, selling sago dregs for duck livestock feed and processing production liquid waste. using IPAL with a minimum capacity of 5,000 liters. The method offered can reduce the use of clean water by 2,358 liters of the total water requirement of 38,400 liters once produced
Drying Bed Volume Design Analysis for Reducing Environmental Impact of WTP Residuals
Authors: Sari Deasy Ambar , Kamulyan Budi , Triatmodjo Bambang
Published: December 2020

Sand Drying Bed (SDB) is designed for reducing the potential environmental impact caused by Water Treatment Plants – WTP residuals. Currently, the technical document of SNI (Indonesian National Standard) is still difficult to be applied by the engineer in determining required SDB’s volume based on WTP’s capacity and raw water conditions. The purpose of this research is to analyze WTP’s sludge production for designing SDB’s volume. The research was taken place at Pajangan WTP (50 l/s capacity) and Bantar System of Kartamantul WTP (400 l/s capacity) in Yogyakarta Special Province, which use Progo River as raw water source. The data used in the analysis is raw water turbidity compilation data, TSS (Total Suspended Solid) fluctuations rate of raw water, coagulant dosage used, specific gravity range of dried sludge and imhoff settling ratio based on laboratory tests. The results obtained show that one-year production of dry sludge on Pajangan WTP Unit is estimated to reach 244.55 m3/year from the total number of WTP residual (water and sludge) produced of around 43,158.52 m3/year. Meanwhile, the dry sludge produced on Kartamantul WTP Unit is estimated to reach 1,550.49 m3/year from the total number of WTP residual produced of around 273,635.22 m3/year. Then, each of Pajangan and Kartamantul WTP unit produced about 2.365 m3/day and 1.874 m3/day sludge for every 1 liter/second of raw water. This large amount of sludge leads the SDB has to be better designed.
К вопросу о видах драматургического перевода
Authors: Malek Maciej
Published: December 2020

The article brings arguments in favour of the ways of drama translation. Author analysed all available stage realisations of dramatic texts. On their example distinguished few ways of translation taking into account the translation techniques. Each of these ways was described and illustrated by relevant examples from world’s stages: Polish, Russian, Czech, Canadian etc. Author draw also attention to challenges faced by the translators.