bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Splenitis in 33 Dogs
Authors: Ferri F. , Zini E. , Auriemma E. , Castagnaro M. , Coppola L. M. , Peano A. , Martella V. , Decaro N. , Kuhnert P. , Ferro S.
Published: June 2016

Splenitis is uncommonly reported in dogs. Herein, the authors describe its prevalence, clinical findings and outcomes, histologic patterns, and causes. Splenic samples of dogs diagnosed with splenitis between 2005 and 2013 were collected and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Gram, green-Gram, Giemsa, periodic acid–Schiff, and Ziehl-Neelsen. Samples were processed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect bacteria, fungi, and protozoa ( Leishmania infantum, Hepatozoon canis). Thirty-three of 660 splenic samples (5%) had splenitis. Clinical findings and outcomes were available in 19 dogs (58%); 49% had weakness, 33% had fever, and 84% survived. The most frequent inflammatory patterns included purulent splenitis (27%), pyogranulomatous splenitis (24%), and neutrophilic perisplenitis (15%). One dog had a putative diagnosis of primary splenitis; in 8 dogs, microorganisms were identified histologically or by PCR in the spleen without obvious comorbidities. Twenty-four dogs (73%) had concurrent diseases; a permissive role in the development of splenitis was suspected in 21 of these cases. Histologic examination identified the cause of splenitis in 10 dogs. Bacteria were identified by PCR in 23 cases, but the bacteria were confirmed histologically in only 6 of these. Leishmania was detected with PCR in 6 dogs. Leishmania was identified in 1 dog and H. canis in another histologically, but both were PCR negative. Fungi were identified in 8 spleens by PCR and in 1 by histology. This study suggests that splenitis is uncommon in dogs and is frequently associated with systemic diseases. Prognosis is favorable in most cases. Identification of bacteria, fungi, and protozoa in the spleens of affected dogs with PCR should be interpreted cautiously, because the findings are not confirmed histologically in many cases.
Student politics, teaching politics, black politics: an interview with Ansel Wong
Authors: Waters Rob
Published: June 2016

Ansel Wong is the quiet man of British black politics, rarely in the limelight and never seeking political office. And yet his ‘career’ here – from Black Power firebrand to managing a multimillion budget as head of the Greater London Council’s Ethnic Minority Unit in the 1980s – spells out some of the most important developments in black educational and cultural projects. In this interview, he discusses his identification with Pan-Africanism, his involvement in student politics, his role in the establishment of youth projects and supplementary schools in the late 1960s and 1970s, and his involvement in black radical politics in London in the same period, all of which took place against the background of revolutionary ferment in the Third World and the world of ideas, and were not without their own internal class and ethnic conflicts.
Striking back against racist violence in the East End of London, 1968–1970
Authors: Ashe Stephen , Virdee Satnam , Brown Laurence
Published: June 2016

This article tells the hitherto untold story of how different Pakistani organisations mobilised in response to racist violence and harassment in the east London Borough of Tower Hamlets (1968–1970). In telling this story, the authors analyse the problematic nature of official and public understandings of, and responses to, racist violence, and how it distorted the lives of racialised minorities. Drawing on original archival research carried out in 2014, this piece identifies the emergence of two distinct political repertoires from within the Pakistani community: the integrationist approach and the autonomous approach. The integrationist approach involving the Pakistani Welfare Association (PWA) and the National Federation of Pakistani Associations (NFPA) tried to address the problem through existing local state ‘race relations’ apparatuses and mainstream political channels, while at the same time re-establishing consent for the police as the agents of law and order. In contrast, a network of Black Power groups, anti-imperialists and socialists led by the Pakistani Progressive Party (PPP) and the Pakistani Workers’ Union (PWU) challenged both the local political leadership and the authority of the police in Tower Hamlets, while also undermining the stereotype of Asian people as ‘weak’ and ‘passive’. In recovering this lost episode of resistance to ‘Paki-bashing’, unleashed in the aftermath of Enoch Powell’s inflammatory speeches, this essay makes a contribution to the history of autonomous anti-racist collective action undertaken by racialised minorities in Britain.
Dockers Against Racism: an interview with Micky Fenn
Authors: Fekete Liz
Published: June 2016

This hitherto unpublished interview with left activist and trade union organiser Micky Fenn (1938–1996) was carried out in 1990. He recalls how he, as a member of the Unofficial Shop Stewards’ Committee in the London Docks, dealt with fellow trade unionists’ racism (even turning the racist vernacular to his own ends). The interview covers the critical episode which reflects the nadir of British trade unionism when, in April 1968, Dockers downed tools and joined the London Smithfield Meat Market porters’ strike and march in support of MP Enoch Powell who had become the mouthpiece of anti-immigrant sentiment, warning of ‘Rivers of Blood’. Fenn describes the quandary this posed militant organisers who believed in collective responsibility: not wanting to strike-break but completely opposed to the basis of the strike, not wanting to put up the usual pickets against strike breakers, but not wanting to cause a precedent. He goes on to show how elements in the unofficial trade union movement learnt from the 1968 debacle and went on to tackle racism on the Docks to ensure that extreme rightwingers never again got a foothold and black workers could. Fenn explains why he later felt the need to take to direct action against growing fascism in East London.
From the street to the state: making anti-fascism anti-racist in 1970s Britain
Authors: Higgs Michael
Published: June 2016

The author examines the origins and rise of the extreme-right National Front in Britain in the mid-1970s and the nature of the community struggles it provoked. In looking at key confrontations in Lewisham (South London) 1977 and Southall (West London) 1979, he discusses the different analytical frameworks and tactics adopted by local anti-racist anti-fascist coalitions, on the one hand, and the more high-profile national Anti-Nazi League (with its principal message: the National Front is a Nazi front) on the other. Street confrontation with fascist thugs was not judged a sufficient response when the state itself was regarded as racist if not fascist and the police especially seen as a constant danger. Drawing on analyses from Black Power onwards, this article shows how black people’s experience of state racism managed to modulate a traditional (class-based) analysis of fascism. It was in this period that the (white) class fight against fascism began to heed the concerns of the (black) ‘immigrant’ fight against racism.
It has to change: an interview with Martha Osamor
Authors: Athwal Harmit , Bourne Jenny
Published: June 2016

Martha Osamor, now 75, is one of the many unsung heroes of Britain’s black community, and has spent almost all her adult life fighting to better the position of people in Tottenham and beyond. She came to Britain in 1963, and has worked in the community, through the unions, in the women’s movement, in the local council and the Labour Party (which, controversially, deselected her from standing for a safe seat in 1989). Undeterred, Martha is still fighting, most recently over the treatment of the family of Mark Duggan, shot dead by police on the street. We met her in a shop-front rented by the African Women’s Welfare Association above Edmonton Green covered market, where she still helps to provide information and advice, to talk over her life and political times.
Black People Against State Harassment (BASH) campaign – a report
Authors: Prescod Colin
Published: June 2016

Originally published in The Black Liberator: theoretical and discussion journal for black revolution (1978), the author reports on the inaugural meeting of the Black People Against State Harassment (BASH) campaign. Arguing that sections of the British Left had conflated anti-racism with anti-fascism, the article describes the widely-felt need for Black self defence campaigns, especially against police incursions into Black communities. The author speaks of the need for a broad alliance of Black and Asian resistance to state violence, and hints at the implications that the formation of specialist policing units will have on the working class as a whole.
When Black was a political colour: a guide to the literature
Authors: Bourne Jenny
Published: June 2016

Unlike in the US, there is no established Black Studies in the UK, black history is officially recognised just in Black History Month. But there is now a resurgence of interest in the era of British Black Power and the way Black became a political colour in the UK. This provides a guide to (non-fiction) literature (in the period 1950s–1980s) on black political agency and the emergence of Black Power in the UK. It concentrates on materials produced during the time under review but also on that produced later which provides retrospective information and analysis, particularly from those who were part of activity at the time.
In Vivo Length Changes of the Anterolateral Ligament and Related Extra-articular Reconstructions
Authors: Van de Velde Samuel K. , Kernkamp William A. , Hosseini Ali , LaPrade Robert F. , van Arkel Ewoud R. , Li Guoan
Published: June 2016

Background:

Both anatomic anterolateral ligament (ALL) and nonanatomic anterolateral reconstructions are performed to improve the stability of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)–deficient patients. However, the in vivo length change patterns and isometry of these anterolateral reconstructions are unknown.

Purpose:

To measure the theoretical length change patterns of the ALL and various anterolateral extra-articular reconstructions in healthy and ACL-deficient knees during in vivo weightbearing flexion.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Ten patients with an ACL injury in 1 knee and the contralateral side intact were included. By use of magnetic resonance and dual fluoroscopic imaging techniques, the changes in length of the ALL, modeled with its femoral attachment either anterior or posterior-proximal to the fibular collateral ligament (FCL) attachment, and nonanatomic extra-articular reconstructions were measured as a function of knee flexion and were compared between the intact and ACL-deficient knees.

Results:

The ALL, with its femoral attachment anterior to the FCL attachment, showed a consistent length increase of approximately 50% from 0° to 90° of knee flexion. The length change of the ALL was 20% ± 6% when its femoral attachment was placed posterior-proximal to the FCL. ACL deficiency did not affect ALL length. Even minor shifts in position around the rotational axis of the femur resulted in contrary ligament kinematic patterns. An extra-articular reconstruction with the femoral attachment proximal to the lateral epicondyle and the tibial attachment on the Gerdy tubercle increased 15% ± 4% in length from 0° to 60° and shortened at 90° of flexion. When the tibial fixation of the anatomic ALL with its femoral attachment posterior to the FCL was moved to the Gerdy tubercle, a 30% ± 4% length increase over 90° occurred, without the decrease in length at 90°. A significant length increase of both theoretical reconstruction grafts was seen at 0° in ACL-deficient knees.

Conclusion:

An anatomic ALL reconstruction as modeled based on recent anatomic studies was not isometric during in vivo knee flexion and was not affected by ACL deficiency. The nonanatomic extra-articular reconstructions demonstrated more biomechanically favorable length change patterns with the smallest percentage increase in elongation during knee flexion.

Clinical Relevance:

This study presents the first in vivo biomechanical data on the ALL, in both healthy and ACL-deficient knees, and provides surgical information that may be valuable for restoring normal anterolateral stability.
Value Arguments in Science Research Articles
Authors: Carter Michael
Published: June 2016

It is in the interest of scholarly journals to publish important research and of researchers to publish in important journals. One key to making the case for the importance of research in a scholarly article is to incorporate value arguments. Yet there has been no rhetorical analysis of value arguments in the literature. In the context of rhetorical situation, stasis theory, and Swales’s linguistic analysis of moves in introductions, this article examines value arguments in introductions of science research articles. Employing a corpus of 60 articles from three science journals, the author analyzes value arguments based on Toulmin’s definition of argument and identifies three classes of value arguments and seven functions of these arguments in introductions. This analysis illuminates the rhetorical construction of value in science articles and provides a foundation for the empirical study of value in scholarship.
Longitudinal Stability of Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Association between Diurnal Preference and Sleep Quality in Young Adult Twins and Siblings
Authors: Barclay Nicola L. , Rowe Richard , O’Leary Rachael , Bream Danielle , Gregory Alice M.
Published: June 2016

Overlapping genetic influences have been implicated in diurnal preference and subjective sleep quality. Our overall aim was to examine overlapping concurrent and longitudinal genetic and environmental effects on diurnal preference and sleep quality over ~5 years. Behavioral genetic analyses were performed on data from the longitudinal British G1219 study of young adult twins and nontwin siblings. A total of 1556 twins and siblings provided data on diurnal preference (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) at time 1 (mean age = 20.30 years, SD = 1.76; 62% female), and 862 participated at time 2 (mean age = 25.30 years, SD = 1.81; 66% female). Preference for eveningness was associated with poorer sleep quality at both time points ( r = 0.25 [95% confidence intervals {CIs} = 0.20-0.30] and r = 0.21 [CI = 0.15-0.28]). There was substantial overlap in the genetic influences on diurnal preference and sleep quality individually, across time (genetic correlations [rAs]: 0.64 [95% CI = 0.59-0.67] and 0.48 [95% CI = 0.42-.053]). There were moderate genetic correlations between diurnal preference and sleep quality concurrently and longitudinally (rAs = 0.29-0.60). Nonshared environmental overlap was substantially smaller for all cross-phenotype associations (nonshared environmental correlations (rEs) = -0.02 to 0.08). All concurrent and longitudinal associations within and between phenotypes were largely accounted for by genetic factors (explaining between 60% and 100% of the associations). All shared environmental effects were nonsignificant. Nonshared environmental influences played a smaller role on the associations between phenotypes (explaining between -0.06% and 40% of the associations). These results suggest that to some extent, similar genes contribute to the stability of diurnal preference and sleep quality throughout young adulthood but also that different genes play a part over this relatively short time frame. While there was evidence of genetic overlap between phenotypes concurrently and longitudinally, the possible emergence of new genetic factors (or decline of previously associated factors) suggests that molecular genetic studies focusing on young adults should consider more tightly specified age groups, given that genetic effects may be time specific.
Circulations d’objets entre étrangers dans l’espace public: une analyse des formes de socialité entre déposeurs et glaneurs
Authors: Roux Dominique , Guillard Valérie
Published: June 2016

L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre comment des objets circulent entre des gens qui les déposent sur les trottoirs, en particulier les jours « d’encombrants » (déposeurs), et ceux qui les récupèrent (glaneurs). L’analyse des représentations de 17 déposeurs et/ou glaneurs dévoile trois formes de socialité : 1) le don charitable (où déposer correspond à un désir de faire passer des objets à autrui) ; 2) la réciprocité équilibrée (dans laquelle déposeurs et glaneurs voient les encombrants comme un système de circulation d’objets entre eux) et 3) la réciprocité généralisée (où un désir de mutualisation des biens est nourri par la volonté de lutter contre le gaspillage). Les résultats montrent en outre que l’anonymat du contexte conduit déposeurs et glaneurs à des interprétations croisées de ce que fait l’autre, (pour qui et pourquoi) qui alimentent et parfois tempèrent ces formes de socialité. Les résultats enrichissent la littérature existante sur le débarrassage/glanage en dévoilant les formes de socialité à l’œuvre entre étrangers dans l’espace public et la circulation d’objets, singulière et anonyme, qui en résulte. Ils informent également les acteurs publics sur les enjeux qui en découlent pour la gestion des déchets.
How to do the history of the self
Authors: Hofman Elwin
Published: June 2016

The history of the self is a flourishing field. Nevertheless, there are some problems that have proven difficult to overcome, mainly concerning teleology, the universality or particularity of the self and the gap between ideas and experiences of the self. In this article, I make two methodological suggestions to address these issues. First, I propose a ‘queering’ of the self, inspired by recent developments in the history of sexuality. By destabilizing the modern self and writing the histories of its different and paradoxical aspects, we can better attend to continuities and discontinuities in the history of the self and break up the idea of a linear and unitary history. I distinguish 4 overlapping and intersecting axes along which discourses of the self present themselves: (1) interiority and outer orientation; (2) stability and flexibility; (3) holism and fragmentation; and (4) self-control and dispossession. Second, I propose studying 4 ‘practices of self’ through which the self is created, namely: (1) techniques of self; (2) self-talk; (3) interpreting the self; and (4) regulating practices. Analysing these practices allows one to go beyond debates about experience versus expression, and to recognize that expressions of self are never just expressions, but make up the self itself.
Predicting the remaining useful life of a cutting tool during turning titanium metal matrix composites
Authors: Shaban Yasser , Yacout Soumaya
Published: June 2016

A cutting tool’s remaining useful life is what is left for a tool, at a particular working age, in order to reach a pre-specified level of acceptable performance. The prediction of remaining useful life is crucial in order to decrease the scrapped products or the unnecessary interruption of the machining process in order to replace the tool. Consequently, the accuracy of its estimation affects the cost of machining, particularly when the product’s material is very expensive. In this article, the remaining useful lifes of 25 identical tools are estimated during turning titanium metal matrix composites. These composites are extensively used in aerospace and aviation industries. Accurate estimation of the remaining useful life has positive impact on product quality in terms of producing the required specifications. In this article, experimental data are gathered, and the proportional hazard model are used in order to model the tool’s reliability and hazard functions with EXAKT software and then the remaining useful life curves are developed for different machining conditions, namely, the cutting speed and the feed rate. The use of the proportional hazard model is validated using a normalization process and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The proportionality assumption is verified using log minus log plot. The final result is the development of the curves that represent the tools’ reliability and the remaining useful life for different machining conditions of the titanium metal matrix composites.
Tool path optimal design for slow tool servo turning of complex optical surface
Authors: Chen Xu , Kang Min , Wang Xingsheng , Hassan Muhammad , Yang Jun
Published: June 2016

In order to increase the machining accuracy of slow tool servo turning of complex optical surface, the optimal design for tool path was studied. A comprehensive tool path generation strategy was proposed to optimize the tool path for machining complex surfaces. A new algorithm was designed for tool nose radius compensation which had less calculation error. Hermite segment interpolation was analyzed based on integrated multi-axes controller, and a new interpolation method referred to as triangle rotary method was put forward and was compared with the area method and three-point method. The machining simulation indicated that the triangle rotary method was significant in error reduction. The interpolation error of toric surface was reduced to 0.0015 µm from 0.06 µm and sinusoidal array surface’s interpolation error decreases to 0.37 µm from 1.5 µm. Finally, a toric surface was machined using optimum tool path generation method to evaluate the proposed tool path generation method.
A numerical method for evaluating effects of installation errors of grinding wheel on rotor profile in screw rotor grinding
Authors: Tao Lijia , Wang Yulin , He Yan , Feng Hutian , Ou Yi , Wang Xiaofeng
Published: June 2016

The profile accuracy of screw rotor affects the performance of screw compressor directly. In precision form grinding, installation errors of grinding wheel are the crucial factors affecting profile accuracy of screw rotors. A numerical method for quantifying profile error of screw rotor was proposed to evaluate effects of installation errors of grinding wheel on rotor profile. Coordinate transformation and engagement theory were applied to generate rotor profile, and the error model of rotor profile was established by comparing the generated rotor profile with the original one. Furthermore, the error evaluation procedure was presented based on the discrete rotor profile points. Three kinds of installation errors of grinding wheel are analyzed including installation angle error, center distance error and axial position error in the numerical cases. By inputting installation errors of grinding wheel, the effects on rotor profile are evaluated considering both single-factor installation errors and coupled-factor installation errors of grinding wheel. The evaluated results provide a theoretical basis for error tracking and error compensation in screw rotor grinding. Grinding experiments were performed for female rotor with different installation errors. The experimental results verify the correctness of the evaluated results.
Dynamic modelling and experimental validation of a skid-steered vehicle in the pivotal steering condition
Authors: Ni Jun , Hu Jibin
Published: June 2016

The pivotal steering ability of a skid-steered vehicle is an important advantage compared with the steering ability of an Ackermann steered vehicle. In the pivotal steering condition, the strong non-linearity of the properties of the tyres makes prediction of the dynamic modelling and the performance difficult. For this purpose, this paper proposes an experimentally validated dynamic model to describe the motion of a skid-steered vehicle in the pivotal steering condition. The mechanical analytical model of the tyres was constructed on the assumption of an ‘elliptical parabolic’ contact pressure distribution. The dynamic model has nine degrees of freedom, including the longitudinal motion, the lateral motion and the yaw motion of the body and also the rotation of the wheels; the motor saturation is also considered. The analysis and experiments were based on a specific 6 × 6 unmanned skid-steered vehicle which is driven by six independent in-wheel motors, and the driving control algorithm of the vehicle was also described. By comparing the results of experiments and simulations, it was shown that the dynamic model provided an accurate prediction of the performance.
Strain gauge analysis of implant-supported, screw-retained metal frameworks: Comparison between different manufacturing technologies
Authors: Degidi Marco , Caligiana Gianni , Francia Daniela , Liverani Alfredo , Olmi Giorgio , Tornabene Francesco
Published: June 2016

Over the past decades, the technological development in the medical field, coupled with the ongoing scientific research, has led to the development and improvement of dental prostheses supported by screw-retained metal frameworks. A key point in the manufacture of the framework is the achievement of a passive fit, intended as the capability of an implant-supported reconstruction to transmit minimum strain to implant components as well as to the surrounding bone, when subject to any load. The fitting of four different kinds of screw-retained metal frameworks was tested in this article. They differ both in materials and manufacturing process: two frameworks are made by casting, one framework is made by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing and one framework is made by electric resistance spot welding (WeldONE, DENTSPLY Implants Manufacturing GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). The passivity of the frameworks was evaluated on the entire system, composed of a resin master cast, the implant analogues embedded in the cast and the frameworks. Strains were recorded by means of an electrical strain gauge connected to a control unit for strain gauge measurements. The experimental tests were carried out in the laboratories of the Department of INdustrial engineering at the University of Bologna. The results of the test campaigns, which compared three samples for each technological process, showed that no significant differences exist between the four framework types. In particular, the frameworks made by the resistance welding approach led to a mechanical response that is well comparable to that of the other tested frameworks.
Analysis of concentric and eccentric contractions in biceps brachii muscles using surface electromyography signals and multifractal analysis
Authors: Marri Kiran , Swaminathan Ramakrishnan
Published: June 2016

Muscle contractions can be categorized into isometric, isotonic (concentric and eccentric) and isokinetic contractions. The eccentric contractions are very effective for promoting muscle hypertrophy and produce larger forces when compared to the concentric or isometric contractions. Surface electromyography signals are widely used for analyzing muscle activities. These signals are nonstationary, nonlinear and exhibit self-similar multifractal behavior. The research on surface electromyography signals using multifractal analysis is not well established for concentric and eccentric contractions. In this study, an attempt has been made to analyze the concentric and eccentric contractions associated with biceps brachii muscles using surface electromyography signals and multifractal detrended moving average algorithm. Surface electromyography signals were recorded from 20 healthy individuals while performing a single curl exercise. The preprocessed signals were divided into concentric and eccentric cycles and in turn divided into phases based on range of motion: lower (0°–90°) and upper (>90°). The segments of surface electromyography signal were subjected to multifractal detrended moving average algorithm, and multifractal features such as strength of multifractality, peak exponent value, maximum exponent and exponent index were extracted in addition to conventional linear features such as root mean square and median frequency. The results show that surface electromyography signals exhibit multifractal behavior in both concentric and eccentric cycles. The mean strength of multifractality increased by 15% in eccentric contraction compared to concentric contraction. The lowest and highest exponent index values are observed in the upper concentric and lower eccentric contractions, respectively. The multifractal features are observed to be helpful in differentiating surface electromyography signals along the range of motion as compared to root mean square and median frequency. It appears that these multifractal features extracted from the concentric and eccentric contractions can be useful in the assessment of surface electromyography signals in sports medicine and training and also in rehabilitation programs.
Strain rate dependent behavior of the porcine spinal cord under transverse dynamic compression
Authors: Fradet Léo , Cliche Francis , Petit Yvan , Mac-Thiong Jean-Marc , Arnoux Pierre-Jean
Published: June 2016

The accurate description of the mechanical properties of spinal cord tissue benefits to clinical evaluation of spinal cord injuries and is a required input for analysis tools such as finite element models. Unfortunately, available data in the literature generally relate mechanical properties of the spinal cord under quasi-static loading conditions, which is not adapted to the study of traumatic behavior, as neurological tissue adopts a viscoelastic behavior. Thus, the objective of this study is to describe mechanical properties of the spinal cord up to mechanical damage, under dynamic loading conditions. A total of 192 porcine cervical to lumbar spinal cord samples were compressed in a transverse direction. Loading conditions included ramp tests at 0.5, 5 or 50 s−1 and cyclic loading at 1, 10 or 20 Hz. Results showed that spinal cord behavior was significantly influenced by strain rate. Mechanical damage occurred at 0.64, 0.68 and 0.73 strains for 0.5, 5 or 50 s−1 loadings, respectively. Variations of behavior between the tested strain rates were explained by cyclic loading results, which revealed behavior more or less viscous depending on strain rate. Also, a parameter (stress multiplication factor) was introduced to allow transcription of a stress–strain behavior curve to different strain rates. This factor was described and was significantly different for cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebral heights, and for the strain rates evaluated in this study.
The Imperial Maritime League: British Navalism, Conflict, and the Radical Right, c.1907–1920
Authors: Fleming N.C.
Published: June 2016

This article revises previous interpretations of the Imperial Maritime League, and adds new detail to our understanding of Edwardian patriotic leagues, by highlighting the relevance of radical right ideology. A product of division in the Navy League, the Imperial Maritime League channelled extra-parliamentary sentiment into specific navalist causes, and worked closely with likeminded newspaper editors and naval officers to challenge the Unionist leadership, Admiralty, and Navy League. The new league was ultimately undermined by British victory in the naval race, and the Navy League’s preparedness to react positively to the challenge of a new navalist league.
Spanish-German Military Collaboration during the Spanish Non-Belligerency: German Advice for the Defence of the Canary Islands in November 1942
Authors: Díaz Benítez Juan José
Published: June 2016

The goal of this article is to study one of the lesser known questions of the Spanish approach to the Axis during the Second World War: German assistance in the defence of the Canary Islands against an Allied attack. To accomplish this objective, a German officer’s visit to these islands to improve their defence after the Anglo-Canadian landing at Dieppe is analysed. The visit proves the maintenance of Spanish-German collaboration at the end of 1942. The report submitted by the officer influenced the reorganization of the defence of the islands in 1943.
Long-Term Outcomes of an Urban Farming Internship Program
Authors: Sonti Nancy Falxa , Campbell Lindsay K. , Johnson Michelle L. , Daftary-Steel Sarita
Published: June 2016

Long-term impacts of an urban farming youth internship were evaluated in Brooklyn, New York. Alumni surveyed 1 to 9 years after program completion were enrolled in college or graduate school at higher rates than their peers and reported connections to the environment and healthy eating. Participants reported learning job skills through the internship, including farming practices, time and money management, teamwork, and public speaking. In addition, participants reported an increased sense of responsibility, high levels of self-confidence, and strong connections with their community. The amount of time spent in the internship positively affected attitudes and behaviors regarding communication and decision-making.
Emerging Developments in Pharmacists’ Scope of Practice to Address Unmet Health Care Needs
Authors: Burns Anne L.
Published: June 2016

Pharmacists’ comprehensive training is being leveraged in emerging patient care service opportunities that include prescriptive authority under collaborative practice agreements (CPAs) with prescribers or through state-based protocols. CPAs and state-based protocols expand pharmacists’ scope of practice to allow the pharmacist to perform designated functions under the terms of the agreement or protocol. For patient-specific CPAs, this often includes initiating, modifying, or discontinuing therapy and ordering laboratory tests. For population-based CPAs and state-based protocols, pharmacists are often authorized to initiate medications to address a public health need. CPAs and state-based protocols are mechanisms to optimally use pharmacists’ education and training.
Impact of Acute Energy Drink Consumption on Blood Pressure Parameters
Authors: Shah Sachin A. , Chu Belinda W. , Lacey Carolyn S. , Riddock Ian C. , Lee Michael , Dargush Anthony E.
Published: June 2016

Objective: Hospitalizations associated with energy drinks have increased in the past decade. Whereas energy drinks are suspected to cause hemodynamic effects, the magnitude of risk remains controversial. We evaluated the effects of acute energy drink consumption on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and heart rate (HR). Data Sources: A search in PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane database through December 31, 2015, was performed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Prospective clinical studies assessing the effects of commercially available energy drinks on BP and HR were included. A weighted mean change from baseline was calculated using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model for all end points. Data Synthesis: In all, 15 studies were included, encompassing a total of 340, 322, and 340 individuals for SBP, DBP, and HR, respectively. SBP and DBP increased significantly by 4.44 mm Hg (95% CI = 2.71 to 6.17; Cochrane Q P = 0.001) and 2.73 mm Hg (95% CI = 1.52 to 3.95; Cochrane Q P = 0.050), respectively. HR changed nonsignificantly by 0.80 beats per minute (95% CI = −1.26 to 2.87; Cochrane Q P < 0.001). The largest change in SBP was seen with drinks administering ≥200 mg of caffeine (6.44 mm Hg, 95% CI = 4.62 to 8.27). Conclusions: Our results indicate that acute consumption of caffeinated energy drinks significantly raises SBP and DBP. Further investigation of the ingredients in energy drinks and the impact of chronic energy drink consumption is warranted.
Neurologic Deficit Associated With Lateralizing Calcaneal Osteotomy for Cavovarus Foot Correction
Authors: VanValkenburg Scott , Hsu Raymond Y. , Palmer Daniel S. , Blankenhorn Brad , Den Hartog Bryan D. , DiGiovanni Christopher W.
Published: June 2016

Background:

Lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy (LCO) is a frequently used technique to correct hindfoot varus deformity. Tibial nerve palsy following this osteotomy has been described in case reports but the incidence has not been quantified.

Methods:

Eighty feet in 72 patients with cavovarus foot deformity were treated over a 6-year span by 2 surgeons at their respective institutions. Variations of the LCO were employed for correction per surgeon choice. A retrospective chart review analyzed osteotomy type, osteotomy location, amount of translation, and addition of a tarsal tunnel release in relation to the presence of any postoperative tibial nerve palsy. Tibial nerve branches affected and the time to resolution of any deficits was also noted.

Results:

The incidence of neurologic deficit following LCO was 34%. With an average follow-up of 19 months, a majority (59%) resolved fully at an average of 3 months. There was a correlation between the development of neurologic deficit and the location of the osteotomy in the middle third as compared to the posterior third of the calcaneal tuber. We found no relationship between the osteotomy type, amount of correction, or addition of a tarsal tunnel release and the incidence of neurologic injury.

Conclusions:

Tibial nerve palsy was not uncommon following LCO. Despite the fact that deficits were found to be transient, physicians should be more aware of this potential problem and counsel patients accordingly. To decrease the risk of this complication, we advocate extra caution when performing the osteotomy in the middle one-third of the calcaneal tuberosity. Although intuitively the addition of a tarsal tunnel release may protect against injury, no protective effect was demonstrated in this retrospective study.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Osteochondral Autograft Transfer Combined With Cancellous Allografts for Large Cystic Osteochondral Defect of the Talus
Authors: Zhu Yuan , Xu Xiangyang
Published: June 2016

Background:

Large cystic osteochondral defects of the talus can be challenging to treat. This retrospective control study looked at the use of osteochondral autograft transfer combined with cancellous allograft in patients with advanced cartilage and subchondral bone damage of the talus.

Methods:

Thirteen patients were treated with large cystic osteochondral defect of the talus between February 2010 and July 2013. All of these cystic osteochondral defects were larger than 15 mm in diameter. The subchondral defects were filled with cancellous allograft and the center of the lesions were sealed with an osteochondral cylinder autograft that was harvested from the ipsilateral medial femoral condyle. The visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain during daily activities, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle and Hindfoot (AOFAS-AH) scores and subjective satisfaction survey rating were obtained. Plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging of the ankle were obtained before and after surgery. In 5 cases, arthroscopy was performed 12 months postoperatively, and the cartilage repair was assessed with the criteria of the International Cartilage Repair Society. Twelve patients were available for follow-up at a mean of 25.4 months (range, 18 to 48 months).

Results:

Average postoperative AOFAS-AH score 12 months after surgery was 88±7 compared with 64±10 preoperatively. The mean VAS score decreased from 6±1 preoperatively to 1±1 at the latest follow-up. Seven patients rated their result as excellent, 5 as good and none as fair. The radiolucent area of the cysts disappeared on the plain radiographs in all cases. The mean International Cartilage Repair Society arthroscopic score from follow-up arthroscopy was 9±1 points.

Conclusions:

The use of osteochondral autograft transfer combined with cancellous allograft was an effective option for the treatment of large cystic talar osteochondral lesions.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Posterior to Anteriorly Directed Screws for Management of Talar Neck Fractures
Authors: Beltran Michael J. , Mitchell Phillip M. , Collinge Cory A.
Published: June 2016

Background:

Screws placed from posterior to anterior have been shown to be biomechanically and anatomically superior in the fixation of talar neck and neck-body fractures, yet most surgeons continue to place screws from an anterior start point. The safety and efficacy of percutaneously applied posterior screws has not been clinically defined, and functional outcomes after their use is lacking.

Methods:

After institutional review board approval, we performed a retrospective review of 24 consecutive talar neck fractures treated by a single surgeon that utilized posterior-to-anterior screw fixation. Clinical, radiographic, and functional outcomes were assessed at a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Functional outcomes including the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot score, Olerud-Molander Scores, and the Short Form 36 (SF-36) measurement were collected and reviewed. Average patient follow-up was 44 months.

Results:

According to the classification system of Canale and Kelly, there were 4 type I fractures, 15 type II fractures, 4 type III fractures, and 1 type IV fracture. Four patients had open fractures. One superficial wound infection occurred, 1 patient reported FHL stiffness, and 6 complained of numbness or paresthesias in the distribution of the sural nerve (5 transient, 1 permanent). One reoperation was required to exchange a screw impinging on the talonavicular joint. Radiographically, 44% developed a positive Hawkins sign, and the specificity of this finding was 100% for talar dome viability. Avascular necrosis developed in 43% of patients, with 33% revascularizing and none going on to collapse. Subtalar arthrosis developed in 62% of patients.

Conclusion:

Screws placed from posterior to anterior are a useful technique in the treatment of talar neck fractures. Functional outcomes following their use appear favorable compared with recent reports with minimal risk to local structures.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
A framework for genomic sequencing on clusters of multicore and manycore processors
Authors: Martínez Héctor , Barrachina Sergio , Castillo Maribel , Tárraga Joaquín , Medina Ignacio , Dopazo Joaquín , Quintana-Ortí Enrique S
Published: June 2016

The advances in genomic sequencing during the past few years have motivated the development of fast and reliable software for DNA/RNA sequencing on current high performance architectures. Most of these efforts target multicore processors, only a few can also exploit graphics processing units, and a much smaller set will run in clusters equipped with any of these multi-threaded architecture technologies. Furthermore, the examples that can be used on clusters today are all strongly coupled with a particular aligner. In this paper we introduce an alignment framework that can be leveraged to coordinately run any “single-node” aligner, taking advantage of the resources of a cluster without having to modify any portion of the original software. The key to our transparent migration lies in hiding the complexity associated with the multi-node execution (such as coordinating the processes running in the cluster nodes) inside the generic-aligner framework. Moreover, following the design and operation in our Message Passing Interface (MPI) version of HPG Aligner RNA BWT, we organize the framework into two stages in order to be able to execute different aligners in each one of them. With this configuration, for example, the first stage can ideally apply a fast aligner to accelerate the process, while the second one can be tuned to act as a refinement stage that further improves the global alignment process with little cost.
The Relationship Between Health-Promoting Behaviors and Metabolic Syndrome in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Wu Tzu-Ting , Chen I-Ju , Cho Shu-Ling , Chiou Ai-Fu
Published: June 2016

Background:

Poor health-promoting behaviors increase the risk of chronic disease and disability in older adults. Nevertheless, the predictors of health-promoting behaviors and their relationship with metabolic syndrome have been poorly characterized in older Taiwanese adults.

Objective:

To explore the determinants of health-promoting behaviors in community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan and the relationship of health-promoting behaviors with metabolic syndrome.

Methods:

A cross-sectional design was used. A convenience sample of 200 community residents aged 60 years and over was recruited from two large communities in New Taipei City, Taiwan. Data collection included physical examination and a structured questionnaire including measures of health status, health-promoting behaviors, self-efficacy, social support, and metabolic syndrome.

Results:

Metabolic syndrome was found in 60% of older Taiwanese adults. These participants had higher scores in interpersonal relationships but lower scores in physical activity. Half of the health-promoting behaviors were explained by behavior-specific cognitions and affect, and 44% of behavior-specific cognitions and affect was explained by the health status of the older adult.

Conclusions:

Physical activity should be promoted in older Taiwanese adults. Positive behavior-specific cognitions and affect and better health status might impact the health-promoting behaviors of these adults.
Identification of galectin-3 as a possible antibody target for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Nishihara Hideaki , Shimizu Fumitaka , Kitagawa Takao , Yamanaka Nanami , Akada Junko , Kuramitsu Yasuhiro , Sano Yasuteru , Takeshita Yukio , Maeda Toshihiko , Abe Masaaki , Koga Michiaki , Nakamura Kazuyuki , Kanda Takashi
Published: June 2016

Background:

Recent studies have revealed that the disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) might contribute to the induction of neurodegeneration in the progressive stage of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective:

We investigated a potential target for the serum auto-antibodies responsible for the BBB impairment in patients with secondary progressive MS (SPMS).

Methods:

We identified undetermined target antigens in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) that reacted with auto-antibodies in sera from SPMS patients using a proteomic approach. In addition, we examined how the identified auto-antibodies compromise the BBB integrity.

Results:

We found that 10 of 11 SPMS sera had auto-antibodies against galectin-3, although the patients with other neurological diseases did not have these antibodies. Downregulation of galectin-3 led to elevated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and phospho-nuclear factor-kappa (NFκ) B p65 expression in the BMECs. Exposure to SPMS patients’ sera also increased the protein levels of ICAM-1 and phospho-NFκB p65 in BMECs, but these effects induced by anti-galectin-3 immunoreactivity were canceled by the downregulation of galectin-3.

Conclusion:

Galectin-3 is a possible immunological target molecule of the pathogenic auto-antibodies and contributes to the persistent BBB breakdown in patients with SPMS. These antibodies may also serve as a novel biomarker for SPMS.