bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specific and Long‐Term Luminescent Monitoring of Hydrogen Peroxide in Tumor Metastasis
Authors: Wang Xindong , Fu Ji , Jiang Chang , Liao Xiaohui , Chen Yiju , Jia Tao , Chen Guanying , Feng Xue
Published: February 2023

Luminescent monitoring of endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumors is conducive to understanding metastasis and developing novel therapeutics. The clinical transformation is obstructed by the limited light penetration depth, toxicity of nano‐probes, and lack of long‐term monitoring modes of up to days or months. New monitoring modes are introduced via specific probes and implantable devices, which can achieve real‐time monitoring with a readout frequency of 0.01 s or long‐term monitoring for months to years. Near‐infrared dye‐sensitized upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are fabricated as the luminescent probes, and the specificity to reactive oxygen species is subtly regulated by the self‐assembled monolayers on the surfaces of UCNPs. Combined with the passive implanted system, a 20‐day monitoring of H2O2 in the rat model of ovarian cancer with peritoneal metastasis is achieved, in which the limited light penetration depth and toxicity of nano‐probes are circumvented. The developed monitoring modes show great potential in accelerating the clinical transformation of nano‐probes and biochemical detection methods.
Walking Ferroelectric Liquid Droplets with Light
Authors: Marni Stefano , Nava Giovanni , Barboza Raouf , Bellini Tommaso Giovanni , Lucchetti Liana
Published: February 2023

The motion of ferroelectric liquid sessile droplets deposited on a ferroelectric lithium niobate substrate can be controlled by a light beam of moderate intensity irradiating the substrate at a distance of several droplet diameters from the droplet itself. The ferroelectric liquid is a nematic liquid crystal, in which almost complete polar ordering of the molecular dipoles generates an internal macroscopic polarization locally collinear to the mean molecular long axis. Upon entering the ferroelectric phase, droplets are either attracted toward the center of the beam or repelled, depending on the side of the lithium niobate exposed to light irradiation. Moreover, moving the beam results in walking the ferroelectric droplet over long distances on the substrate. This behavior is understood as due to the coupling between the polarization of the ferroelectric droplet and the polarization photoinduced in the irradiated region of the lithium niobate substrate. Indeed, the effect is not observed in the conventional nematic phase, suggesting the crucial role of the ferroelectric liquid crystal polarization.
Atomically Thin Twisted Heterostructure Optoelectronics Enhanced via vdW Interface Engineering
Authors: Li Ling , Fu Xiang , Zhang Liang , Ullah Salman , Gao Xingjun , Wang Yixiu , Wu Wenzhuo , Xiang Yuan , Yang Qing
Published: February 2023

Two‐dimensional (2D) heterostructures have sparked widespread interest in physics and device applications. The interfacial band alignment engineering of 2D heterostructures opens promising routes for high‐performance electronics and optoelectronics. In this study, a 2D Te/MoS2 interface is engineered by tailoring the lattice mismatch and distance, which changed the band alignment. The photocurrent is significantly increased by optimizing the interface alignment. The corresponding device is designed to function as an ultrasensitive photodetector with a light on/off ratio of 104, responsivity of ≈1047 A W−1, and detectivity of >5 × 1012 Jones, as well as a spectral detection capability of up to 1550 nm. The proposed methods are robust and versatile and can be used to produce desired electronics; hence, this study may broaden the scope of 2D heterostructure optoelectronics.
A Long‐Range and Nearly Passive RFID‐Controlled Information Metasurface
Authors: Wang Zheng Xing , Shen Chuan Kui , Wu Jun Wei , Xu Hui , Cheng Qiang , Ye Terry Tao , Cui Tie Jun
Published: February 2023

Information metasurfaces (IMSs) have been considered to be a revolutionary technology for improving the spectral efficiency of sixth‐generation (6G) wireless communications due to their superior ability to manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves. However, there are still problems to be solved before the widespread application of IMSs. The first is to reduce power consumption, and the second is to achieve a long‐range remote control. In this paper, a long‐range and nearly passive radio frequency identification (RFID)‐controlled IMS is proposed. The proposed IMS comprises four RFID tags and 8 × 8 elements, each of which is integrated with a single‐pole‐double‐throw switch chip to achieve 1‐bit phase reconfigurability. With the remote control of the RFID system, the IMS can be programmed to switch between three functionalities, including beam splitting, beamforming, and EM‐wave absorption. Experiments are performed and the beam‐splitting functionality is demonstrated. The measurement results indicate that the wireless communication between the RFID reader and the IMS is robust within 21.7 m. Additionally, the power consumption of the IMS is as low as 0.576 mW, which can be negligible. The scheme presented in this paper paves the way for the large‐scale applications of IMSs in 6G wireless communications.
Multiple Charge Transfer Processes Enable Blue Emitter for Highly Efficient OLEDs
Authors: Wang Zhichuan , Li Deli , Li Wei , Zhang Jiasen , Luo Ming , Du Songyu , Zhang Xiaoli , Xu Shengang , Ge Ziyi
Published: February 2023

Solely through‐space charge transfer (TSCT)‐type thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters exhibit low radiative decay rates (), while solely through‐bond charge transfer (TBCT) type TADF emitters generally suffer from low reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rates (kRISC). Here, PhCzSpiroS‐TRZ with versatile spiro‐heterocyclic architecture and an extra donor of 9‐phenyl‐9H‐carbazole are developed as emitter and ideal host for TADF‐ and TADF‐sensitized fluorescence (TSF) organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) in detail. Abandoning solely TSCT or TBCT process, PhCzSpiroS‐TRZ with multiple charge transfer characteristic exhibits photoluminescence quantum yield of 96.3% and of 2.2 × 107 s−1, which is considerably higher among all the reported TSCT‐TADF molecules. Noticeably, state‐of‐the‐art blue OLEDs using PhCzSpiroS‐TRZ as emitter and sensitizer show maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 33.6% and 32.8%, ranking among TADF materials for achieving EQEs >30% in both TADF‐ and TSF‐OLEDs.
Ultrafast Laser Welding of Silicon
Authors: Chambonneau Maxime , Li Qingfeng , Blothe Markus , Arumugam Stree Vithya , Nolte Stefan
Published: February 2023

While ultrafast laser welding is an appealing technique for bonding transparent workpieces, it is not applicable for joining silicon samples due to nonlinear propagation effects which dramatically diminish the possible energy deposition at the interface. It is demonstrated that these limitations can be circumvented by local absorption enhancement at the interface thanks to metallic nanolayer deposition. By combining the resulting exalted absorption with filament relocation during ultrafast laser irradiation, silicon samples can be efficiently joined. Shear joining strengths >4 MPa are obtained for 21 nm gold nanolayers without laser‐induced alteration of the transmittance. Such remarkable strength values hold promise for applications in microelectronics, optics, and astronomy.
Recent Advances in Wearable Tactile Sensors Based on Electrospun Nanofiber Platform
Authors: Wang Peng , Liu Jun , Li Yurui , Li Guoxian , Yu Wei , Zhang Yanxi , Meng Chuizhou , Guo Shijie
Published: February 2023

Wearable electronics have triggered the great development of flexible tactile sensors for promising applications such as healthcare monitoring, motion detection, and human‐machine interaction. However, most of the flexible sensors are constructed on compact and airtight polymer films with inferior flexibility and no breathability, hindering the wearability and comfortability for long‐time continuous operation usage. To address such challenges, flexible sensors based on the electrospun polymer platform with comprehensive advantages of ultrathin thickness, superior flexibility, excellent stretchability, high porosity, low density, and surface functionality are emerging. It has become a hot research direction, and considerable progress has been made. Therefore, it is necessary to timely review the latest findings on the rapidly developing electrospun nanofiber‐based tactile sensors. Firstly, the principle of the electrospinning technique, the factors affecting the nanofiber morphology, and the engineering of the nanofibers are briefly introduced, and the key material and structural factors affecting the sensing performance are analyzed. Secondly, representative work on the electrospun nanofiber‐based tactile sensors is discussed in detail according to the sensing mechanism. Thirdly, unique properties of electrospun nanofibers, such as superior flexibility, breathability, hydrophobicity, anti‐bacterial, and self‐cleaning, are highlighted. Finally, the remaining challenges and future development trends are outlined.
Advanced Bioinspired Organic Sensors for Future‐Oriented Intelligent Applications
Authors: Lu Kuakua , Li Longfei , Jiang Sai , Chen Xu , Chang Qiong , Shi Yi , Li Yun
Published: February 2023

Bioinspired organic sensors with excellent flexibility, biocompatibility, sensing performance, and self‐adaptability have attracted considerable attention due to their fundamental role in next‐generation intelligent sensory systems with simultaneous sensing and processing functions, such as advanced robots, disease diagnosis, Internet of Things, human–robot interaction systems, and beyond. The design of advanced bioinspired organic sensors requires a deep understanding of the interplay between the unique material property, sensing mechanism as well as intelligent functionality. Here, the recent progress of bioinspired organic sensors for artificial perceptron covering visual, tactile, and other bionic sensors from the view of materials, sensing mechanisms, and functionality, is summarized. Furthermore, the intelligent applications of bioinspired organic sensors, including associative learning, information security, electronic skin, and integrated artificial sensory systems, are presented. Finally, the potential challenges and prospects of bioinspired organic sensors are discussed, providing a promising avenue toward advanced bioinspired organic sensors for future‐oriented intelligent applications.
A novel de novo pathogenic variant in TBL1XR1 as a new proposed cause of Pierpont syndrome
Authors: Tamma Poornima L. , Streff Haley , Murali Chaya N.
Published: February 2023

TBL1XR1, which encodes transducing β‐like 1 X‐linked receptor 1, is implicated in both Pierpont syndrome and intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal dominant‐41 (MRD‐41, OMIM #616944). While both conditions are autosomal dominant, variants associated with Pierpont syndrome are believed to behave in a dominant negative fashion, whereas those causing MRD‐41 result in haploinsufficiency. Here, we present a patient with a de novo novel variant in TBL1XR1 (c.977G > A,p.S326N) identified by trio exome sequencing. Though a different variant at this same residue has previously been associated with MRD‐41, our patient's presentation is suggestive of Pierpont syndrome. The patient's clinical phenotype, which includes short stature, developmental delay, dysmorphic craniofacial features, and plantar fat pads, more closely resembles that of known patients with Pierpont syndrome than MRD‐41. Furthermore, this missense variant is directly adjacent to one previously associated with Pierpont syndrome and exists in the same region as all variants associated with Pierpont, on the inner surface of a WD40 ring. We propose this variant is a newly identified cause of Pierpont syndrome.
Prenatal household size and composition are associated with infant fecal bacterial diversity in Cebu, Philippines
Authors: Manus Melissa B. , Watson Elijah , Kuthyar Sahana , Carba Delia , Belarmino Nikola M. , McDade Thomas W. , Kuzawa Christopher W. , Amato Katherine R.
Published: February 2023

Objectives

The gut microbiome (GM) connects physical and social environments to infant health. Since the infant GM affects immune system development, there is interest in understanding how infants acquire microbes from mothers and other household members.

Materials and Methods

As a part of the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS), we paired fecal samples (proxy for the GM) collected from infants living in Metro Cebu, Philippines at 2 weeks (N = 39) and 6 months (N = 36) with maternal interviews about prenatal household composition. We hypothesized that relationships between prenatal household size and composition and infant GM bacterial diversity (as measured in fecal samples) would vary by infant age, as well as by household member age and sex. We also hypothesized that infant GM bacterial abundances would differ by prenatal household size and composition.

Results

Data from 16 S rRNA bacterial gene sequencing show that prenatal household size was the most precise estimator of infant GM bacterial diversity, and that the direction of the association between this variable and infant GM bacterial diversity changed between the two time points. The abundances of bacterial families in the infant GM varied by prenatal household variables.

Conclusions

Results highlight the contributions of various household sources to the bacterial diversity of the infant GM, and suggest that prenatal household size is a useful measure for estimating infant GM bacterial diversity in this cohort. Future research should measure the effect of specific sources of household bacterial exposures, including social interactions with caregivers, on the infant GM.
Change in Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau Microtubule Binding Region Detects Symptom Onset, Cognitive Decline, Tangles, and Atrophy in Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Horie Kanta , Li Yan , Barthélemy Nicolas R. , Gordon Brian , Hassenstab Jason , Benzinger Tammie L.S. , Fagan Anne M. , Morris John C. , Karch Celeste M. , Xiong Chengjie , Allegri Ricardo , Mendez Patricio Chrem , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Kasuga Kensaku , Noble James , Farlow Martin , Chhatwal Jasmeer , Day Gregory , Schofield Peter R. , Masters Colin L. , Levin Johannes , Jucker Mathias , Lee Jae‐Hong , Roh Jee Hoon , Sato Chihiro , Sachdev Pallavi , Koyama Akihiko , Reyderman Larisa , Bateman Randall J. , McDade Eric ,   and the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network
Published: February 2023

Objective

Identifying cerebrospinal fluid measures of the microtubule binding region of tau (MTBR‐tau) species that reflect tau aggregation could provide fluid biomarkers that track Alzheimer's disease related neurofibrillary tau pathological changes. We examined the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) MTBR‐tau species in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease (DIAD) mutation carriers to assess the association with Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers and clinical symptoms.

Methods

Cross‐sectional and longitudinal CSF from 229 DIAD mutation carriers and 130 mutation non‐carriers had sequential characterization of N‐terminal/mid‐domain phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) followed by MTBR‐tau species and tau positron emission tomography (tau PET), other soluble tau and amyloid biomarkers, comprehensive clinical and cognitive assessments, and brain magnetic resonance imaging of atrophy.

Results

CSF MTBR‐tau species located within the putative “border” region and one species corresponding to the “core” region of aggregates in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) increased during the presymptomatic stage and decreased during the symptomatic stage. The “border” MTBR‐tau species were associated with amyloid pathology and CSF p‐tau; whereas the “core” MTBR‐tau species were associated stronger with tau PET and CSF measures of neurodegeneration. The ratio of the border to the core species provided a continuous measure of increasing amounts that tracked clinical progression and NFTs.

Interpretation

Changes in CSF soluble MTBR‐tau species preceded the onset of dementia, tau tangle increase, and atrophy in DIAD. The ratio of 4R‐specific MTBR‐tau (border) to the NFT (core) MTBR‐tau species corresponds to the pathology of NFTs in DIAD and change with disease progression. The dynamics between different MTBR‐tau species in the CSF may serve as a marker of tau‐related disease progression and target engagement of anti‐tau therapeutics. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:1158–1172
Biological Age Acceleration and Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome
Authors: Sathyan Sanish , Ayers Emmeline , Adhikari Dristi , Gao Tina , Milman Sofiya , Barzilai Nir , Verghese Joe
Published: February 2023

Objective

Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome, a predementia syndrome characterized by slow gait and subjective cognitive concerns, is associated with multiple age‐related risk factors. We hypothesized that MCR is associated with biological age acceleration. We examined the associations of biological age acceleration with MCR, and mortality risk in MCR cases.

Methods

Biological age was determined using proteomic and epigenetic clocks in participants aged 65 years and older in the LonGenity study (N = 700, females = 57.9%) and Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 1,043, females = 57.1%) cohorts. Age acceleration (AgeAccel) was operationally defined as the residual from regressing predicted biological age (from both clocks separately) on chronological age. Association of AgeAccel with incident MCR in the overall sample as well as with mortality risk in MCR cases was examined using Cox models and reported as hazard ratios (HRs).

Results

AgeAccel scores derived from a proteomic clock were associated with prevalent MCR (odds ratio adjusted for age, gender, education years, and chronic illnesses [aOR] = 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–1.71) as well as predicted incident MCR (HR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.00–1.41) in the LonGenity cohort. In HRS, the association of AgeAccel using an epigenetic clock with prevalent MCR was confirmed (aOR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.16–1.85). Participants with MCR and accelerated aging (positive AgeAccel score) were at the highest risk for mortality in both LonGenity (HR = 3.38, 95% CI = 2.01–5.69) and HRS (HR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.20–5.10).

Interpretation

Accelerated aging predicts risk for MCR, and is associated with higher mortality in MCR patients. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:1187–1197
Time series model for GLWB with surrender benefit and stochastic interest rate: Dynamic withdrawal approach
Authors: Singh Shakti , Arunachalam Viswanathan , Selvamuthu Dharmaraja
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the pricing problem of a variable annuity (VA) contract embedded with a guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefit (GLWB) rider. VAs are annuities in which the value is linked to a bond and equity sub‐account fund. The guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefit rider regularly provides a series of payments to the policyholder for the term of the policy while he/she is alive, regardless of portfolio performance. At the time of the policyholder's death, the remaining fund value is given to his nominee. Therefore, proper fund modeling is critical in the pricing of VA products. Several writers in the literature used a GBM model in which variance is considered to be constant to represent the fund value in a variable annuity contract. However, on the other hand, the returns on financial assets are non‐normally distributed in real life. A bit much Kurtosis, leverage effect, and Non‐zero Skewness characterize the returns. The generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (GARCH) models are also used for presenting a discrete framework for the pricing of GLWB. Still, the interest rate was kept constant without including the surrender benefit and the static withdrawal approach, which keeps the model far from the real scenario. Thus, in this research, the generalized GARCH models are used with surrender benefit and dynamic withdrawal strategy to develop a time series model for the pricing of annuity that overcomes the constraints of previous models. A numerical illustration and sensitivity analysis are used to examine the suggested model.
Detection of cancer‐associated miRNA using a fluorescence switch of AgNC@NA and guanine‐rich overhang sequences
Authors: Fredrick Dylan , Yourston Liam , Krasnoslobodtsev Alexey V.
Published: February 2023

DNA‐templated silver nanoclusters (AgNC@DNA) are a novel type of nanomaterial with advantageous optical properties. Only a few atoms in size, the fluorescence of nanoclusters can be tuned using DNA overhangs. In this study, we explored the properties of AgNCs manufactured on a short single‐stranded (dC)12 when adjacent G‐rich sequences (dGN, with N = 3–15) were added. The ‘red’ emission of AgNC@dC12 with λMAX = 660 nm dramatically changed upon the addition of a G‐rich overhang with NG = 15. The pattern of the emission–excitation matrix (EEM) suggested the emergence of two new emissive states at λMAX = 575 nm and λMAX = 710 nm. The appearance of these peaks provides an effective way to design biosensors capable of detecting specific nucleic acid sequences with low fluorescence backgrounds. We used this property to construct an NA‐based switch that brings AgNC and the G overhang near one another, turning ‘ON’ the new fluorescence peaks only when a specific miRNA sequence is present. Next, we tested this detection switch on miR‐371, which is overexpressed in prostate cancer. The results presented provide evidence that this novel fluorescent switch is both sensitive and specific with a limit of detection close to 22 picomoles of the target miR‐371 molecule.
Response of peer relations and social activities to treatment with viloxazine extended‐release capsules (Qelbree®): A post hoc analysis of four randomized clinical trials of children and adolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Faraone Stephen V. , Gomeni Roberto , Hull Joseph T. , Busse Gregory D. , Lujan Brendan , Rubin Jonathan , Nasser Azmi
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with impairments related to peer relations (PR) and social activities (SA). The objective of this post hoc analysis was to assess the degree to which viloxazine extended‐release (viloxazine ER; viloxazine extended‐release capsules; Qelbree®) improves clinical assessments of PR and SA in children and adolescents with ADHD.

Methods

Data were used from four Phase III placebo‐controlled trials of 100 to 600 mg/day of viloxazine ER (N = 1354; 6–17 years of age). PR and SA were measured with the Peer Relations content scale of the Conners 3rd Edition Parent Short Form's Peer Relation content scale (C3PS‐PR) and the Social Activities domain of the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale‐Parent Report's (WFIRS‐P‐SA) at baseline and end of study. ADHD symptoms were assessed weekly with the ADHD Rating Scale, 5th Edition. The analyses relied on the general linear mixed model with the subject as a random effect.

Results

Improvement in C3PS‐PR (p = .0035) and WFIRS‐P‐SA (p = .0029) scores were significantly greater in subjects treated with viloxazine ER compared with placebo. When using measures of clinically meaningful response, the C3PS‐PR responder rate was significantly higher for viloxazine ER (19.2%) compared with placebo (14.1%) and the difference was statistically significant (p = .0311); the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) was 19.6. The WFIRS‐P‐SA responder rate was significantly higher for viloxazine ER (43.2%) compared with placebo (28.5%) and the difference was statistically significant (p < .0001); the NNT was 6.8. The standardized mean difference effect size for both PR and SA was 0.09.

Conclusions

Viloxazine ER significantly reduces the impairment of PR and SA in children and adolescents with ADHD. Although its effects on PR and SA are modest, many ADHD patients can be expected to achieve clinically meaningful improvements in PR and SA with viloxazine ER treatment for longer than 6 weeks.
Strategies and practices to reduce the ecological impact of product returns: An environmental sustainability framework for multichannel retail
Authors: Zhang Danni , Frei Regina , Wills Gary , Gerding Enrico , Bayer Steffen , Senyo Prince Kwame
Published: February 2023

Product returns in retail are inherently wasteful and have considerable negative environmental impacts. Besides the monetary costs, they lead to increased transportation, packaging and processing, and the returned items are often discarded. We present strategies and practices retailers can adopt to manage their product returns in a way that reduces environmental impacts. With eCommerce flourishing, product returns have increased significantly. Whilst highest for online sales, they are a challenge across all channels. The importance of developing sustainability management in operations and supply chains is evident from the growing body of literature, but there is a gap regarding the management of product returns in a more environmentally sustainable manner. To address this gap, we interviewed multichannel retailers, retail experts and return service providers operating in the UK and North America. The findings reveal that although retailers have started paying attention to the financial impact of returns, there is little awareness of the scale of environmental impacts. In addition, retailers lack a comprehensive approach to addressing the environmental impact of product returns. Based on our findings, we (1) unpack the barriers inhibiting retailers from developing environmental sustainability plans in returns management, (2) present a set of strategies for retailers to reduce the environmental impact of returns and (3) develop a framework for environmental sustainability in returns management. Our findings and proposed framework have implications for research and practice on addressing the environmental impact of product returns.
An ultralow power wearable vital sign sensor using an electromagnetically reactive near field
Authors: Seo Seoktae , Jo Hyunkyeong , Kim Jungho , Lee Bonyoung , Bien Franklin
Published: February 2023

Despite coronavirus disease 2019, cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of global death, requires timely detection and treatment for a high survival rate, underscoring the 24 h monitoring of vital signs. Therefore, telehealth using wearable devices with vital sign sensors is not only a fundamental response against the pandemic but a solution to provide prompt healthcare for the patients in remote sites. Former technologies which measured a couple of vital signs had features that disturbed practical applications to wearable devices, such as heavy power consumption. Here, we suggest an ultralow power (100 μW) sensor that collects all cardiopulmonary vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, and the respiration signal. The small and lightweight (2 g) sensor designed to be easily embedded in the flexible wristband generates an electromagnetically reactive near field to monitor the contraction and relaxation of the radial artery. The proposed ultralow power sensor measuring noninvasively continuous and accurate cardiopulmonary vital signs at once will be one of the most promising sensors for wearable devices to bring telehealth to our lives.
Dynamics of oral human papillomavirus infection in healthy population and head and neck cancer
Authors: Vani N. V. , Madhanagopal R. , Swaminathan R. , Ganesan T. S.
Published: February 2023

The recent increase in high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV)‐associated oral and oropharyngeal cancers has gained considerable importance due to their distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. However, the natural history of oral HPV from acquisition to persistence and malignant transformation is still unclear. The global prevalence of oral HPV infection in healthy individuals ranges from 0.67% to 35%, while 31%–38.5% in head and neck cancer (HNC). The persistence rate of oral HR‐HPV infection is 5.5% –12.8% globally. India has the highest HNC burden due to apparent differences in predisposing factors compared with the West. The prevalence of oral HPV in healthy individuals and its contribution to HNC is less evident in Indian studies. HR‐HPV‐associated HNC in this region accounts for 26%, with an active infection in 8%–15% of these tumors. There is a lack of concordance in the expression of p16 as a surrogate marker for HPV detection in HNC because of differences in behavioral risk factors. Due to a lack of evidence, treatment de‐escalation cannot be implemented despite the improved outcome of HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancers. This review critically analyzes the existing literature on the dynamics of oral HPV infection and HPV‐associated HNC, identifying potential avenues for future research. A better understanding of the oncogenic role of HR‐HPV in HNC will help to formulate novel therapeutic approaches and is expected to have a significant public health impact as preventive strategies can be implemented.
Race and socioeconomic status interact with HPV to influence survival disparities in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yan Emily Z. , Wahle Benjamin M. , Massa Sean T. , Zolkind Paul , Paniello Randal C. , Pipkorn Patrik , Jackson Ryan S. , Rich Jason T. , Puram Sidharth V. , Mazul Angela L.
Published: February 2023

Background

HPV‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is associated with a favorable prognosis, yet patients of color and low socioeconomic status (SES) continue to experience inferior outcomes. We aim to understand how the emergence of HPV has impacted race and SES survival disparities in OPSCC.

Methods

A retrospective cohort of 18,362 OPSCC cases from 2010 to 2017 was assembled using the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database. Cox proportional regression and Fine and Gray regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) adjusting for race, SES, age, subsite, stage, and treatment.

Results

Black patients had lower overall survival than patients of other races in HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative OPSCC (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.13–1.53 and HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.09–1.39, respectively). Higher SES was associated with improved survival in all patients. Race had a diminished association with survival among high SES patients. Low SES Black patients had considerably worse survival than low SES patients of other races.

Conclusion

Race and SES interact variably across cohorts. High SES was protective of the negative effects of race, although there remains a disparity in outcomes among Black and non‐Black patients, even in high SES populations. The persistence of survival disparities suggests that the HPV epidemic has not improved outcomes equally across all demographic groups.
Group identification moderates the effect of historical trauma availability on historical trauma symptoms and conspiracy beliefs
Authors: Skrodzka Magdalena , Stefaniak Anna , Bilewicz Michał
Published: February 2023

Historical trauma may cast a shadow over the lives of subsequent generations of victimised groups. We examine the buffering role of victimised group identification on the association between the cognitive availability of historical trauma, historical trauma symptoms, and conspiracy beliefs. Two studies conducted in Poland (Study 1: Ukrainian minority, N = 92; Study 2: ethnic Poles; N = 227) revealed that among highly identified group members (compared to those with low levels of group identification), the relation between the cognitive availability of historical trauma and historical trauma symptoms was weaker. Study 2 additionally showed that the consequences of historical trauma are detectable among members of historically victimised groups, regardless of their own family history of victimisation, and that the cognitive availability of historical trauma correlates positively with conspiracy beliefs.
A severe case of PLOD1‐related kyphoscoliotic Ehlers–Danlos syndrome associated with several arterial and venous complications: A case report
Authors: Foy Malika , Métay Corinne , Frank Michael , Denarié Nicolas , Adham Salma , Billon Clarisse , Legrand Anne , Jeunemaitre Xavier , Gillas Fabrice , Gaudon Karen , De Mazancourt Philippe , Mekki Ahmed , Carlier Robert , Benistan Karelle
Published: February 2023

Kyphoscoliotic Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (kEDS) is a rare genetic disorder combining congenital hypotonia, congenital/early onset and progressive kyphoscoliosis, and generalized joint hypermobility. Vascular fragility is another characteristic of the disease rarely described. We report a severe case of kEDS‐PLOD1 with several vascular complications leading to difficulties in disease management.
In situ Reaction Monitoring in Photocatalytic Organic Synthesis
Authors: Madani Amiera , Pieber Bartholomäus
Published: February 2023

Visible‐light photocatalysis provides numerous useful methodologies for synthetic organic chemistry. However, the mechanisms of these reactions are often not fully understood. Common mechanistic experiments mainly aim to characterize excited state properties of photocatalysts and their interaction with other species. Recently, in situ reaction monitoring using dedicated techniques was shown to be well‐suited for the identification of intermediates and to obtain kinetic insights, thereby providing more holistic pictures of the reactions of interest. This minireview surveys these technologies and discusses selected examples where reaction monitoring was used to elucidate the mechanism of photocatalytic reactions.
Structural Analysis of PtPd Core‐Shell Bimetallic Nanoparticles and their Enhanced Catalytic Performance for Ethanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Higareda América , Mares Fabian , Bahena Daniel , Esparza Rodrigo
Published: February 2023

Direct alcohol fuel cells are claiming to be one of the primary clean power sources to attain a sustainable future. In the present study, PtPd core‐shell bimetallic nanoparticles (CSNPs) were synthesized by the polyol method. The shell was adjusted by adding an increased amount of Pd precursor on pre‐synthesized Pt nanoparticles. The morphology and atomic structure of the PtPd CSNPs were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. PtPd CSNPs were successfully supported on Vulcan XC‐72 carbon and verified by scanning electron microscopy. The electrocatalysts were tested by cyclic voltammetry in an alkaline medium for the activity performance to ethanol oxidation reaction. The stability along with the presence of poisoning carbonaceous species was investigated by chronoamperometry and voltammetry cycles. Also, the cyclic durability was analysed. The results confirmed that the catalytic performance depends on the elemental composition of PtPd CSNPs, showing the optimum catalytic properties to PtPd (1 : 0.5)/C than commercial Pt/C.
Nickel‐Based Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction Under Alkaline Electrolytes
Authors: Jin Yiming , Su Lixin , Jia Hongnan , Men Yana , Luo Wei
Published: February 2023

Developing highly efficient and cost effective electrocatalysts towards hydrogen oxidation reaction under alkaline electrolyte is essential for the commercial application of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Nickel‐based materials showed great performance for alkaline HOR which have been regarded as promising alternatives for Pt‐group metals. In this review, several effective strategies which can successfully optimize the interaction with intermediates and promote the HOR kinetics of Ni under alkaline medium are discussed, including heteroatom doping, forming alloys and compounds, decorating with supports and constructing heterointerfaces. Meanwhile, based on the structural adjustment, the durabilities of Ni‐based materials are enhanced significantly. We believe this paper might provide guidance for future catalysts design and mechanism investigation for alkaline HOR.
An Ultralong Low‐Temperature Phosphorescent Pentagonal‐Prismatic Organometallic Cylinder Featuring Pentaphenylpyrrole‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Li Man , Li Yang , Li Xin , Wang Fang , Han Ying‐Feng
Published: February 2023

Comprehensive Summary

A pentagonal‐prismatic cylinder [Ag5(L)2](PF6)5 obtained from the pentaphenylpyrrole‐bridged pentaimidazolium salt H5‐L(PF6)5 and AgI ions was determined by X‐ray diffraction analyses. The target organometallic cylinder not only exhibited enhanced fluorescence emission in dilute solution at room temperature but also showed an improved phosphorescence ratio compared with the free precursor and maintained a long lifetime (1.39 s) in the solid state at 77 K. Furthermore, the experimental results and DFT calculations confirmed that the formation of the organometallic cylinder promoted intersystem crossing. Meanwhile, the frontier orbitals of [Ag5(L)2](PF6)5 showed the main contribution of building block PPP as the luminescence source of [Ag5(L)2](PF6)5 by a modest heavy‐atom effect. These results provide a strategy for constructing enhanced phosphorescent emission and long lifetime organometallic supramolecular phosphorescent materials.
Mechanical influence of periacetabular osteotomy on late total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Ma Yunqing , Chen Songhao , Chen Duanduan
Published: February 2023

Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is an effective technique to treat symptomatic hip dysplasia. However, following PAO, some patients still experience persistent pain or development of hip arthritis, requiring total hip arthroplasty (THA). Issues such as whether patients with PAO are necessarily at increased risk of post‐THA complications and revision of the prosthesis remain debatable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical influence of PAO on the acetabulum after THA by finite element analysis. Eight patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) diagnosed in the Fourth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital were enrolled in this research. Patient‐specific hip joint models were reconstructed from computed tomography scans, and the hip prosthesises, were established via computer‐aided design (CAD) modeling technology. The finite element analysis was conducted to compare the surface and internal stress through the process mapping of the model due to the THA. Compared with the THA after PAO, the position of the high‐stress area of the acetabular fossa of patients without PAO decreased, and the high‐stress area developed toward the lower edge of the acetabulum. Although the high‐stress area of the suprapubic branch did not change significantly, the peak stress was higher (t = .00237). The analysis of the section plane showed that the high‐stress area of cancellous bone had a large distribution. The acetabular size and vertical distance of rotation center (VDRC) were significantly correlated with the maximum postoperative acetabular equivalent stress (p = .011, p = .001). In the Post group, both the horizontal distance of rotation center (HDRC) and A‐ASA were significantly correlated with postoperative maximal acetabular equivalent stress, with a significance of 0.014 and 0.035, respectively. The risk of postoperative prosthetic revision following THA is not increased by PAO, although the risk of postoperative suprapubic branch fracture is increased.
Optimal design of VHF resonant boost converter considering the nonlinear characteristic of parasitic capacitance
Authors: Zeng Libin , Chen Yanfeng , Zhang Bo , Qiu Dongyuan
Published: February 2023

Very‐high‐frequency (VHF) resonant converters have the advantages of small volume, light weight, and high power density. However, under the operating frequency of tens of megahertz, the nonlinear characteristics of the power semiconductor devices intrinsic capacitances will affect the analysis accuracy of VHF converters and increase the difficulty of parameter design of these converters. Thus, this paper proposes a method to obtain the equivalent capacitances of power semiconductor devices. Taking the VHF resonant boost converter as an example, the process of obtaining the equivalent capacitances of power semiconductor devices is elaborated first. And then a prototype with operating frequency 17.30 MHz, input voltage 3–6 V, and output voltage 9–18 V is built to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
A low settling time switching scheme for SAR ADCs with reset‐free regenerative comparator
Authors: Pahlavanzadeh Hadi , Karami Mohammad Azim
Published: February 2023

This paper presents an energy‐efficient fully differential switching scheme for successive approximation register (SAR) analog‐to‐digital converters (ADCs). During the sampling phase, the top and bottom plates of all capacitors except most significant bit (MSB) capacitors are grounded in digital‐to‐analog converter (DAC) arrays. The input signals are bottom plate sampled on MSB capacitors. This technique can reduce the settling time by more than 87.5% in comparison with the conventional switching scheme. Furthermore, a novel reset‐free regenerative comparator is unveiled in this paper. The proposed comparator is armed to amplify its inputs both during the reset and evaluation phases. In comparison with a conventional single‐ended comparator, the proposed comparator can reduce power consumption above 90% for the almost same input‐referred offset voltage. The proposed scheme is designed with a resolution of 8‐bit and a sampling rate of 90 MS/s in a standard 65‐nm CMOS technology. The simulation results certify that the ADC dissipates 363‐μW power with a 1.2‐V supply voltage and achieves a 7.13 effective number of bits (ENOBs), yielding a 28.8 fJ/conversion step Nyquist rate Walden FOM.
Using passive acoustic monitoring to estimate northern spotted owl landscape use and pair occupancy
Authors: Appel Cara L. , Lesmeister Damon B. , Duarte Adam , Davis Raymond J. , Weldy Matthew J. , Levi Taal
Published: February 2023

Managing forests for biodiversity conservation while maintaining economic output is a major challenge globally and requires accurate and timely monitoring of imperiled species. In the Pacific Northwest, USA, forest management is heavily influenced by the status of northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina), which have been in continued population decline for the past four decades. The monitoring program for northern spotted owls is transitioning from mark–resight surveys to a passive acoustic framework, requiring development of alternative analysis approaches. To maintain relevance for conservation and management, these analyses must accurately track underlying population changes, identify responses to disturbance, and estimate occupancy of owl pairs. We randomly selected and surveyed 5‐km2 hexagons for 6 weeks using passive acoustic monitoring in the Olympic Peninsula of Washington and the Oregon Coast Range during the 2018 spotted owl breeding season. We used a convolutional neural network to identify spotted owl calls, followed by logistic regression to determine the sex of vocalizing owls to assign pair status. We implemented multistate occupancy models to estimate probabilities of detection, species‐level landscape use, and pair occupancy of spotted owls. We also quantified detections of barred owls (Strix varia), a congeneric competitor and important driver of spotted owl population declines. The overall rate of hexagon use by spotted owls was estimated at 0.21 (SD 0.04) after adjusting for imperfect detection, and pair occupancy was 0.07 (SD 0.02). The probability of detecting a pair (i.e., both female and male) during a weekly occasion was relatively low (0.03, SD 0.01), indicating that true pair occupancy was between 1.3 and 4.1 times greater than the proportion of hexagons with observed pair detections. Barred owls were ubiquitous, with a naïve occupancy rate of 0.97. The intensity of calling by barred owls had a weak, negative effect on the probability of spotted owls being paired when present but had little measurable effect on their detectability. This work establishes a framework that may be effective for spotted owl population monitoring and illustrates that pairs have very low detection probability, which—combined with increasingly low numbers of spotted owl pairs—is an important consideration for conservation and management.
Mycorrhizal fungal and tree root functional traits: Strategies for integration and future directions
Authors: Schaffer‐Morrison Samuel A. Z. , Zak Donald R.
Published: February 2023

Plant functional traits offer ecologists quantifiable characteristics that may be used to determine the underlying mechanisms and drivers of processes at scales ranging from individual plants to entire ecosystems. While research on belowground functional traits has increased in recent years, most of this work has not fully considered the traits of mycorrhizal fungi, key symbionts responsible for much nutrient uptake and soil exploration in trees. We argue that, because of the important role of mycorrhizae in resource uptake, the measurement of belowground plant traits without the inclusion of mycorrhizal fungal traits potentially misses key mechanistic factors affecting plant performance, which has implications across ecological scales. In doing so, we provide a synopsis of current and past work on plant root traits and mycorrhizal fungal traits. Finally, we suggest potential key fungal traits to be measured and possible methods for measurement as ways to address the current gaps in our knowledge.
4D Physics-Based Pore Pressure Monitoring Using Passive Image Interferometry
Authors: Fokker Eldert , Ruigrok Elmer , Hawkins Rhys , Trampert Jeannot
Published: February 2023

This study introduces a technique for four-dimensional pore pressure
monitoring using passive image interferometry. Surface-wave velocity
changes as a function of frequency are directly linked to depth
variations of pore pressure changes through sensitivity kernels. We
demonstrate that these kernels can be used to invert time-lapse seismic
velocity changes, retrieved with passive image interferometry, for
hydrological pore pressure variations as a function of time, depth and
region. This new approach is applied in the Groningen region of the
Netherlands. We show good recovery of pore pressure variations in the
upper 200 m of the subsurface from passive seismic velocity
observations. This depth range is primarily limited by the reliable
frequency range of the seismic data.
Characterization of Seismicity from Different Glacial Bed Types: Machine Learning Classification of Laboratory Stick-Slip Acoustic Emissions
Authors: Saltiel Seth , Groebner Nathan , Sawi Theresa , McCarthy Christine , Holtzman Benjamin Kamine
Published: February 2023

Subglacial seismicity provides the opportunity to monitor inaccessible
glacial beds at the epicentral location and time. Glaciers can be
underlain by rock or till, which determines the mechanics of slip and,
if unstable, characteristics of resulting seismicity. Utilizing a double
direct shear apparatus, we found conditions for instability at freezing
temperatures and high slip rates for both bed types, although with very
different frictional evolution. During stick-slip stress-drops, we
recorded acoustic emissions with piezoelectric transducers frozen into
the ice. Supervised machine learning can classify recorded waveforms and
spectra as coming from rock or till beds. The Random Forest Classifier
is interpretable, with the prediction based on the initial oscillation
peaks and high frequency energy. Till events are generally higher
stress-drop, with more impulsive first arrivals compared to rock
waveforms. These seismic signatures of mechanical slip processes and
associated bed conditions can potentially greatly enhance interpretation
of subglacial seismic data.