bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mass Conserving Analysis of Steadily Loaded, Oscillating Partial Arc Journal Bearings Using a Generalized Warner Bearing Formulation
Authors: Boedo S.
Published: April 2022

This paper presents the first numerical study of self-acting grooveless, partial arc bearings under steady load and sinusoidal journal oscillation accounting for mass-conserving cavitation, with the objective of determining a range of bearing loads, oscillation speeds, and dimensional specifications under which a fully hydrodynamic lubrication regime can be achieved. A generalized Warner bearing (GWB) formulation is introduced to address the long computation times associated with this bearing application and to account for local flattening of the pressure region expected in very thin films. The computational speed of the GWB formulation is approximately 80 times faster than the complete formulation with comparable accuracy for the examples provided in the paper. Mixed or boundary lubrication is predicted for oscillation amplitudes less than π/4 radians regardless of load number, which concurs with experimental trends. Fully hydrodynamic lubrication is predicted over a large range of load numbers for minimum oscillation amplitudes of approximately π/2 radians.
Reviews of Acoustical Patents
Authors: Fulop Sean A.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of these acoustical patent reviews is to provide enough information for a Journal reader to decide whether to seek more information from the patent itself. Any opinions expressed here are those of the reviewers as individuals and are not legal opinions. Patents are available via the internet at the USPTO website.
Implementation of a Vancomycin Dose-Optimization Protocol in Neonates: Impact on Vancomycin Exposure, Biological Parameters, and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Gomez Laura , Boegler Diane , Epiard Chloé , Alin Layli , Arata-Bardet Julie , Caspar Yvan , Debillon Thierry , Stanke-Labesque Françoise , Gautier-Veyret Elodie
Published: April 2022

Vancomycin dosing used in neonates results frequently in insufficient concentrations. A vancomycin dose-optimization protocol consisting of an individualization of loading and maintenance doses (administered during continuous infusion) through a previously validated pharmacokinetic model was implemented in our center.
Engineering Novel (
R
)-Selective Transaminase for Efficient Symmetric Synthesis of
d
-Alanine
Authors: Jia Dong-Xu , Wang Fan , Zhao Rui , Gu Bo-Di , Peng Chen , Jin Li-Qun , Liu Zhi-Qiang , Zheng Yu-Guo
Published: April 2022

d
-Alanine is an important compound with many valuable applications. Its asymmetric synthesis employing (
R
)-ω-TA is considered an attractive choice.
PerR-Regulated Manganese Import Contributes to Oxidative Stress Defense in Streptococcus suis
Authors: Peng Wei , Yang Xia , Wang Ningning , Gao Ting , Liu Zewen , Liu Wei , Zhou Danna , Yang Keli , Guo Rui , Liang Wan , Chen Huanchun , Tian Yongxiang , Yuan Fangyan , Bei Weicheng
Published: April 2022

During infection, it is extremely important for bacteria to defend against oxidative stress. While manganese plays an important role in this process, its role is unclear in
S. suis
.
Inactivation Mechanism and Efficacy of Grape Seed Extract for Human Norovirus Surrogate
Authors: Oh Chamteut , Chowdhury Ratul , Samineni Laxmicharan , Shisler Joanna L. , Kumar Manish , Nguyen Thanh H.
Published: April 2022

Human noroviruses are major food- and waterborne pathogens, causing approximately 20% of all cases of acute gastroenteritis cases in developing and developed countries. Proper sanitation or disinfection are critical strategies to minimize human norovirus-caused disease until a reliable vaccine is created.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Initiates a Rapid and Specific Transcriptional Response during Surface Attachment
Authors: Jones Christopher J. , Grotewold Nikolas , Wozniak Daniel J. , Gloag Erin S.
Published: April 2022

Bacterial biofilms are a significant concern in many aspects of life, including chronic infections of airways, wounds, and indwelling medical devices; biofouling of industrial surfaces relevant for food production and marine surfaces; and nosocomial infections. The effects of understanding surface adhesion could impact many areas of life.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Adapts Antiviral Innate Immunity via Manipulating MALT1
Authors: Gu Han , Zheng Suya , Han Guangwei , Yang Haotian , Deng Zhuofan , Liu Zehui , He Fang
Published: April 2022

PRRSV is a major swine pathogen, suppresses innate immunity, and causes persistent infection and coinfection with other pathogens. As a central immune mediator, MALT1 plays essential roles in regulating immunity and inflammation.
A Chemogenomic Toolkit to Evaluate the “Ins and Outs” of Yeast Plasma Membrane Transporters
Authors: Prasad Rajendra , Banerjee Atanu
Published: April 2022

Over the years, there has been a lot of emphasis on the development of high-throughput platforms that help identify transporters of drugs and xenobiotics. However, major hinderances in these approaches include substrate promiscuity and functional redundancy of membrane transporters.
The Phenylacetic Acid Catabolic Pathway Regulates Antibiotic and Oxidative Stress Responses in Acinetobacter
Authors: Hooppaw Anna J. , McGuffey Jenna C. , Di Venanzio Gisela , Ortiz-Marquez Juan C. , Weber Brent S. , Lightly Tasia Joy , van Opijnen Tim , Scott Nichollas E. , Cardona Silvia T. , Feldman Mario F.
Published: April 2022

Acinetobacter baumannii
causes a wide range of infections that are difficult to treat due to increasing rates of multidrug resistance; however, the mechanisms that this pathogen uses to respond to stress are poorly understood. Here, we describe a new mechanism of stress signaling in
Acinetobacter
that is mediated by the metabolite phenylacetic acid (PAA).
Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPE51 Inhibits Autophagy by Suppressing Toll-Like Receptor 2-Dependent Signaling
Authors: Strong Emily J. , Wang Jia , Ng Tony W. , Porcelli Steven A. , Lee Sunhee
Published: April 2022

Tuberculosis is a significant global infectious disease caused by infection of the lungs with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, which resides and replicates mainly within host phagocytic cells. During coevolution with humans, Mtb has acquired various mechanisms to inhibit host cellular processes, including autophagy.
Characteristics of False-Positive Alarms in the BacT/Alert 3D System
Authors: Amano Misato , Matsumoto Mami , Sano Shigeru , Oyama Mayumi , Nagumo Hideto , Watanabe-Okochi Naoko , Tsuno Nelson H. , Nakajima Kazunori , Muroi Kazuo
Published: April 2022

In clinical settings, false-positive results are treated as positive until bacterial identification. It may result in the discarding of blood products in blood centers or affect clinical decisions in hospitals or testing facilities. Moreover, the management of these samples is usually time- and labor-consuming. The results of our study may help clinicians and laboratory staff in making a more precise evaluation of positive reactions in BacT/Alert.
Within-Host Genetic Variation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae over the Course of Infection
Authors: de Korne-Elenbaas Jolinda , Bruisten Sylvia M. , de Vries Henry J. C. , van Dam Alje P.
Published: April 2022

Understanding transmission dynamics of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(
Ng
) is based on the identification of transmission events. These can be identified by assessing genetic relatedness between
Ng
isolates, expressed as core genome SNP distances.
Electrostatic Interaction with the Bacterial Cell Envelope Tunes the Lytic Activity of Two Novel Peptidoglycan Hydrolases
Authors: Wysocka Alicja , Łężniak Łukasz , Jagielska Elżbieta , Sabała Izabela
Published: April 2022

This study shows direct relationship between the surface charge of two recently described enzymes, SpM23_A and SpM23_B, and bacterial cell walls. We demonstrate that by (i) surface charge probing of bacterial strains collection, (ii) reduction of the net charge of the positively charged enzyme, and (iii) altering the net charge of the bacterial surface by modifying the content and composition of teichoic acids.
Recent Genetic Changes Affecting Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Causing Recurrent Outbreaks
Authors: Cherry Joshua L.
Published: April 2022

Food-borne bacterial infections cause substantial illness and death. Understanding how bacteria contaminate food and cause disease is important for combating the problem.
Construction and Analysis of the Complete Genome Sequence of Leprosy Agent Mycobacterium lepromatosis
Authors: Silva Francisco J. , Santos-Garcia Diego , Zheng Xiaofeng , Zhang Li , Han Xiang Y.
Published: April 2022

Leprosy is a dreaded infection that still affects millions of people worldwide.Mycobacteriumlepromatosisis a recently recognized cause in addition to the well-knownMycobacterium leprae.M. lepromatosisis likely specific for diffuse lepromatous leprosy, a severe form of the infection and endemic in Mexico. This study constructed and annotated the complete genome sequence ofM. lepromatosisFJ924 and performed comparative genomic analyses with related mycobacteria.
In Streptococcus thermophilus, Ammonia from Urea Hydrolysis Paradoxically Boosts Acidification and Reveals a New Regulatory Mechanism of Glycolysis
Authors: Arioli Stefania , Della Scala Giulia , Martinović Anđela , Scaglioni Leonardo , Mazzini Stefania , Volonté Federica , Pedersen Martin Bastian , Mora Diego
Published: April 2022

Finding that ammonia-generating enzymes, such as urease, and exogenous ammonia act on phosphofructokinase activity shed new light on the regulatory mechanisms that govern glycolysis. Phosphofructokinase is the key enzyme known to exert a regulatory role on glycolytic flux and, therefore, ammonia as an effector of phosphofructokinase acts, in cascade, modulating the glycolytic pathway.
Spectroscopic properties of the low-lying states of the HeH radical
Authors: Cui Qi , He Xiaohu , Zhou Weiqi , Qiu Xuanbing , Guo Guqing , Gong Ting , Li Chuanliang
Published: April 2022

Four lowest electronic states ( X2Σ+, A2Σ+, B2Π, and C2Σ+) of the HeH radical are investigated by performing high-precision ab initio calculations. Potential energy curves of HeH are calculated using the multireference configuration interaction method and the basis set of aug-cc-pV6Z. Additional Rydberg basis functions and the Pople correction are included in the calculations. The spectral parameters are evaluated and compared with literature data. The spin–orbit coupling effect of B2Π is taken into account by using the Breit–Pauli operator. Transition dipole moments between those four electronic states are also derived to obtain their emission spectra and radiative lifetimes. Radiative and predissociation lifetimes of several vibrational levels are also calculated, including the bound–continuum and bound–bound systems. Especially, the predissociation lifetimes are elaborated in detail. The results are in good agreement with the reported ones. Additionally, the emission spectra of bound A2Σ+, B2Π, and C2Σ+ states to continuum X2Σ+ state are simulated at different temperatures.
Charged radiation collapse in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Brassel Byron P. , Maharaj Sunil D. , Goswami Rituparno
Published: April 2022

We generalise the continual gravitational collapse of a spherically symmetric radiation shell of matter in five dimensional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity to include the electromagnetic field. The presence of charge has a significant effect in the collapse dynamics. We note that there exists a maximal charge contribution for which the metric functions in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity remain real, which is not the case in general relativity. Beyond this maximal charge the spacetime metric is complex. The final fate of collapse for the uncharged matter field, with positive mass, is an extended, weak and initially naked central conical singularity. With the presence of an electromagnetic field, collapse terminates with the emergence of a branch singularity separating the physical spacetime from the complex region. We show that this marked difference in singularity formation is only prevalent in five dimensions. We extend our analysis to higher dimensions and show that for all dimensions $$N\ge 5$$

N
≥
5

, charged collapse ceases with the above mentioned branch singularity. This is significantly different than the uncharged scenario where a strong curvature singularity forms post collapse for all $$N\ge 6$$

N
≥
6

and a weak conical singularity forms when $$N=5$$

N
=
5

. A comparison with charged radiation collapse in general relativity is also given.
The skein algebra of the Borromean rings complement
Authors: Miura Go , Suzuki Sakie
Published: April 2022

The skein algebra of an oriented three-manifold is a classical limit of the Kauffman bracket skein module and gives the coordinate ring of the [Formula: see text]-character variety. In this paper, we determine the quotient of a polynomial ring which is isomorphic to the skein algebra of a group with three generators and two relators. As an application, we give an explicit formula for the skein algebra of the Borromean rings complement in [Formula: see text].
Twisted Jacobian algebras as endomorphism algebras of equivariant matrix factorizations
Authors: Lee Sangwook
Published: April 2022

For a polynomial [Formula: see text] with an isolated singularity, we can consider the Jacobian ring as an invariant of the singularity. If in addition we have a group action on the polynomial ring with [Formula: see text] fixed, we are led to consider the twisted Jacobian ring which reflects the equivariant structure as well. Our main result is to show that the twisted Jacobian ring is isomorphic to an endomorphism ring of the “twisted diagonal”matrix factorization. As an application, we suggest a way to investigate Floer theory of Lagrangian submanifolds which represent homological mirror functors.
HIGH-SPEED RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION, INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT AND CORPORATE COST STICKINESS: THE CASE OF CHINA
Authors: ZHOU LINZI , PENG YUANHUAI , HU JUN , YANG LU
Published: April 2022

Infrastructure constructions promote the flow of production factors across regions and improve the information environment of the region. This paper investigates the impact of infrastructure construction, proxy as the opening of high-speed railway (HSR), on corporate cost stickiness. The results show that the opening of HSR is beneficial to decreasing corporate cost stickiness, and this positive impact is robust after IV estimations and placebo test. Moreover, we find some evidence that the opening of HSR can promote the frequency and quality of analysts’ survey, and improved the corporate information environment. Further analyses show that the positive impact of HSR on corporate cost stickiness is more pronounced for firms with serious information asymmetry and weaker corporate governance. Then after the effect of the HSR on stickiness of different type corporate cost was tested, the results showed that the impact of the opening of HSR on corporate cost stickiness mainly exists in manager perks and salary-welfare. Based on the introduction of HSR, our findings clarify and highlight the role of infrastructure construction on corporate asymmetric cost management behavior.
Random Interference Signal Decomposition and the Normalized Filtering Method of an Optical Fiber Current Transducer
Authors: Pang Fubin , Wang Lihui , Wan Long
Published: April 2022

Focusing on the problem of characteristic decomposition and filtering of random interference information measured by an optical fiber current transducer (OFCT), a signal filtering algorithm by combing complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) with normalized autocorrelation function, is proposed. The CEEMD feature decomposition model of the OFCT signal is established and multiple eigenmode functions of the measured signal are extracted. The normalized autocorrelation function models of different types of intrinsic mode function (IMF) are established. By extracting the characteristics of the autocorrelation function, high-weight IMFs are selected. After the mean filtering process is performed on other IMFs, the signal reconstruction is performed together with the effective modal components. With the premise of signal statistical learning and structural risk minimization principles, a support vector regression model is established to classify the data by linear fitting. The more reliable current information after filtered is obtained. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed signal filtering algorithm by combining the advantages of CEEMD and normalized autocorrelation function decomposes the signal according to the time-scale characteristics of OFCT data itself, without pre-setting any basis functions. The root mean square error of optimized data is reduced by 39.3%, and the signal quality is greatly improved.
Black holes and their horizons in semiclassical and modified theories of gravity
Authors: Mann Robert B. , Murk Sebastian , Terno Daniel R.
Published: April 2022

For distant observers, black holes are trapped spacetime domains bounded by apparent horizons. We review properties of the near-horizon geometry emphasizing the consequences of two common implicit assumptions of semiclassical physics. The first is a consequence of the cosmic censorship conjecture, namely, that curvature scalars are finite at apparent horizons. The second is that horizons form in finite asymptotic time (i.e. according to distant observers), a property implicitly assumed in conventional descriptions of black hole formation and evaporation. Taking these as the only requirements within the semiclassical framework, we find that in spherical symmetry only two classes of dynamic solutions are admissible, both describing evaporating black holes and expanding white holes. We review their properties and present the implications. The null energy condition is violated in the vicinity of the outer horizon and satisfied in the vicinity of the inner apparent/anti-trapping horizon. Apparent and anti-trapping horizons are timelike surfaces of intermediately singular behavior, which manifests itself in negative energy density firewalls. These and other properties are also present in axially symmetric solutions. Different generalizations of surface gravity to dynamic spacetimes are discordant and do not match the semiclassical results. We conclude by discussing signatures of these models and implications for the identification of observed ultra-compact objects.
On the quantum gravastar
Authors: Moti Raihaneh , Shojai Ali
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we show that it is possible to have pure quantum gravastar solution to the quantum improved Einstein equations. Such an object is essentially a gravastar in which the thin layer of matter is replaced by quantum effects. The metric of a pure quantum gravastar is obtained and its stability is discussed.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTRONIC STRUCTURES ON THE ADSORPTION BEHAVIORS OF MERCAPTOPURINE ANTICANCER DRUG FROM SURFACE MACROMOLECULE CALIX[4]AREN AS ADSORBENT BY SPECTRAL STUDIES AND DFT CALCULATIONS
Authors: KARAMJAVAN MAHSA MAHMOUDI , ZARE KARIM , SEFIDAN ALIREZA MONADI , NOEI MAZIAR , FARAJTABAR ALI
Published: April 2022

Calix[4]aren/mercaptopurine complex, scientifically called 1,7-dihydro-6h-purine-6-thione/calix[4]aren, is classified in the category of anticancer drugs. The stability properties structure of mercaptopurine complex with calix[4]aren was studied in dimethyl formamide, butanol, and butil eter solvents. Accordingly, these were investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G (d) level and the degree of coverage of the atoms at the side effect C[Formula: see text] S[Formula: see text] of pure and the complex mercaptopurine drugs. The main peak in the IR spectrum appeared in the 2149–2859[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] range. The molecular stability and no decay of structures were calculated and compared with each other by conducting both natural band orbital (NBO) and NMR calculations. Next, in the experimental section, the effect of drug complexation on its solubility rate in different solvents was investigated using the UV–Vis and solubility of the complex was higher in the dimethyl formamide solvent and its absorption intensity was 0.785. The changes in the intensity of the absorption peak in the XRD spectrum of both the pure and complex drug are in the range of 130 to 950.
OPTIMIZATION OF EROSION–CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF NICHROME COATED 2205 DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL USING GREY RELATIONAL ANALYSIS
Authors: KURUVILA ROSHAN , KUMARAN S. THIRUMALAI , KHAN M. ADAM
Published: April 2022

Erosion–corrosion is a common mechanism in the degradation of systems in the mining, chemical, and petrochemical industries. Surface modification can help to reduce the detrimental effects of erosion–corrosion. This study uses the plasma spray process for coating nichrome on duplex stainless steel (DSS2205) to improve the surface characteristics. Erosion tests were performed to analyze the effect of parameters such as impact velocity (150, 175 and 200[Formula: see text]m/s), impact angle (30∘, 60∘and 90∘), and erodent particle discharge rate (2.5, 3.75 and 5[Formula: see text]g/min). According to the findings, the maximum erosion rate ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/g) was found at a flow velocity of 200[Formula: see text]m/s and 30∘impact angle with a discharge rate of 2.5[Formula: see text]g/min. While the minimal erosion rate was observed at a low velocity of 150[Formula: see text]m/s, 90∘impact angle, and 5[Formula: see text]g/min discharge rate. Electrochemical polarization studies were carried out on the eroded specimens using a corrosive solution containing 3.5% NaCl. Corrosion potentials and current densities were estimated from polarization graphs using the Tafel extrapolation method. The erosion–corrosion properties of the samples were subjected to metallurgical characterization to evaluate the influence of nichrome plasma coatings to assess the potential causes of failure. The grey relational analysis (GRA) was further used for improving the erosion–corrosion process parameters and found the optimum solution as flow velocity of 150[Formula: see text]m/s, 30∘impact angle with a discharge rate of 5[Formula: see text]g/min. The validation test confirmed an increase of 20–30% in grade when using the optimum process parameters.
Vortex-Induced Force Model and Reliability Analysis of a Steel Box Girder with Projecting Slab in a Cable-Stayed Bridge
Authors: Hu Peng , Hu Guangde , Han Yan , Zhang Fei , Tang Yongjian
Published: April 2022

To study the vortex-induced force (VIF) model of a steel box girder with projecting slab, a cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 160 m was taken as the research object in this study. First, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation method was used to calculate the amplitude characteristics of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of the steel box girder with projecting slab, and the calculated results were compared with those of wind tunnel tests. Then, the time–history of VIF of the bridge girder was extracted based on the validated numerical simulation results, and a new mathematical model of VIF for the steel box girder with projecting slab was established according to the residual values between the reconstructed and target values. On such a basis, the steady VIV amplitude expression of the bridge girder was deduced according to the principle of the work done by the damping terms in the VIF model. Finally, the performance function of the maximum VIV amplitude was established with six random variables. Furthermore, the failure probability of VIV was calculated by the maximum entropy principle combined with the multiplicative dimensional reduction method, and the sensitivity of each random variable was analyzed as well. The results show that the lock-in region, VIV amplitudes and vibration frequency of the bridge girder calculated from the numerical simulations agree well with those from the wind tunnel tests, and the maximum amplitude occurs at the oncoming wind speed of 7.2 m/s. In addition to the most important fundamental-frequency component, there also exist double- and triple-frequency components in the time–history of VIF of the bridge girder, which implies the VIF exhibits certain nonlinear characteristics. According to the proposed expression of the steady VIV amplitude of the bridge girder, the steady amplitude decreases as the absolute value of parameter [Formula: see text] increases, but it increases with the increase of the parameter [Formula: see text]. The failure probability of VIV of the bridge girder is calculated to be 0.9616 based on the performance function with six random variables. Besides, it is found that the damping ratio [Formula: see text] has great effects on the reliability of VIV, while the vertical bending frequency [Formula: see text] exerts less effects.
Mathematical Modeling of Anisotropic Hyperelastic Cylindrical Thick Shells by Incorporating Thickness Deformation and Compressibility with Application to Arterial Walls
Authors: Borjalilou Vahid , Asghari Mohsen
Published: April 2022

This paper is devoted to mathematical modeling of anisotropic hyperelastic thick cylindrical shells like arteries by taking into account the volume compressibility and through-the-thickness deformation. To describe the hyperelastic behavior of this kind of shells and extract their constitutive relations, the modified anisotropic (MA) model is employed, which is able to characterize compressible behavior of hyperelastic materials like soft tissues. By considering the arterial segment as a thick cylindrical shell, the higher order thickness deformation shell theory together with nonlinear Green’s strains are exploited to express its deformations and capture the thickness stretching effect. The shell is then discretized via Lagrange equations of motion to achieve the responses of the arterial wall. Numerical results are given in two sections. First, the presented formulation is validated by conducting a comparative study on a single-layer compressible pressurized shell. Close agreement between the outcomes of the developed model with those provided by finite element (FE) simulation signifies the necessity of incorporating thickness deformation in the higher order shell theory. In the next step, by considering the artery as a two-layer cylindrical shell comprising the media (the middle layer of the artery) and the adventitia (the outer layer), mechanical responses of an arterial wall subjected to an internal pressure are appraised through a number of parametric studies.
Inert type extensions and related factorization properties
Authors: Anderson D. D. , Chun Sangmin
Published: April 2022

An extension [Formula: see text] of commutative rings is strongly inert (respectively, inert) if for nonzero [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] implies [Formula: see text] (respectively, there exists a unit [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]). We investigate strongly inert and inert extensions and various related extensions, where we either require the product [Formula: see text] to be nonzero or that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be nonzerodivisors. Special emphasis is given to the relationship between factorization properties of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Nonlinear subspace clustering using non-convex Schatten-p norm regularization
Authors: Bai Yunqing , Pei Jihong , Li Min
Published: April 2022

Subspace clustering aims to seek a multi-subspace representation that is best suitable for data points taken from a high-dimensional space. Sparse representation and low-rank approximation-based methods have become one of the main melodies for subspace clustering. In the existing methods, nuclear norm is used to approximate rank minimization. However, the common deficiency still exists for nuclear norm, which always over-penalizes large singular values and results in a biased solution. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear subspace clustering model that exploits sparsity and low-rank of data in high dimensional feature space by using Schatten-p norm surrogate ([Formula: see text]) with learned low-rank kernel. By this manner, the model guarantees that the data mapped in the high-dimensional feature spaces is lower rank and self-expressive. And we show the alternating direction method of multipliers (abbreviated as ADMM) for the corresponding problem in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. Various experiments on motion segmentation and image clustering display that the proposed model has potentiality in outperforming most of state-of-the-art models in current literature.
New Venture Value Creation in Syndicates Between Independent and Corporate Investors
Authors: Balz Frank P. , Bugl Benjamin M. , Kanbach Dominik K.
Published: April 2022

Consistent with the resource-based view research on investment syndicates indicates relative performance advantages of syndicate-backed ventures. However, in line with agency theory, the literature shows that heterogeneous syndicates between independent venture capital (IVC) and corporate venture capital (CVC) produce portfolio firms that exert only marginal growth and are less likely to exit successfully. These contrasting views motivate this study, which aims to shed light on the determinants of value creation for new venture firms in IVC–CVC co-investing. Our qualitative research builds on a cross-industry sample of 35 interviewees identifying a distinctive set of value drivers comprising shareholder relationships, corporate setup, venture life cycle, and deal terms.
Biomedical microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging
Authors: Liu Qiang , Liang Xiao , Qi Weizhi , Gong Yubin , Jiang Huabei , Xi Lei
Published: April 2022

Microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging (MTAI) has emerged as a potential biomedical imaging modality with over 20-year growth. MTAI typically employs pulsed microwave as the pumping source, and detects the microwave-induced ultrasound wave via acoustic transducers. Therefore, it features high acoustic resolution, rich electromagnetic contrast, and large imaging depth. Benefiting from these unique advantages, MTAI has been extensively applied to various fields including pathology, biology, material and medicine. Till now, MTAI has been deployed for a wide range of biomedical applications, including cancer diagnosis, joint evaluation, brain investigation and endoscopy. This paper provides a comprehensive review on (1) essential physics (endogenous/exogenous contrast mechanisms, penetration depth and resolution), (2) hardware configurations and software implementations (excitation source, antenna, ultrasound detector and image recovery algorithm), (3) animal studies and clinical applications, and (4) future directions.
Immune response induced by hematoporphyrin derivatives mediated photodynamic therapy: Immunogenic cell death and elevated costimulatory molecules
Authors: Long Shan , Zhao Yibing , Xu Yuanyuan , Li Hui , Zhao Hongyou , Chen Defu , Zeng Jing , Qiu Haixia , Li Xiaosong , Gu Ying
Published: April 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) not only destroys tumor cells directly but also induced anti-tumor immune response through damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). It is reported that anti-tumor response was associated with light dose and photosensitizer used in PDT. In this study, 4T1 tumor cells were implanted on both the right and left flanks of mice. Only the right tumor was treated by HpD-PDT, while the left tumor was not irradiated. The anti-tumor immune response induced by HpD-PDT was investigated. The expression of DAMPs and co-stimulatory molecules induced by HpD-PDT were tested by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry in vivo. Different light doses of PDT were designed to treat 4T1 cells. The killing effect was assessed by CCK-8 kit and apoptosis kit. The expression of DAMPs on 4T1 cells after HpD-PDT were evaluated by flow cytometry, western blot and ATP kit. This study showed that CD4[Formula: see text]T, CD8[Formula: see text]T and the production of IFN-[Formula: see text] were increased significantly on day 10 in right-tumor after PDT treatment compared with control group. HpD-PDT enhanced the expression of calreticulin (CRT) on tumor tissue. Importantly, co-stimulatory molecular OX-40 and 4-1BB were elevated on CD8[Formula: see text]T cells. In vitro, immunogenic death of 4T1 cells was induced after PDT. Besides, the expression of DAMPs increased with the increasing of energy density. This study indicates that anti-tumor immune effect was induced by HpD-PDT. The knowledge of the involvement of CRT, ATP and co-stimulatory molecules uncovers important mechanistic insight into the anti-tumor immunogenicity. It was the first time that co-stimulatory molecules were investigated and found to elevate after PDT.
Parameters estimation approaches of the Moore and Bilikam family with reliability analysis under progressively type-II censoring
Authors: Bazyar Mehdi , Deiri Einolah , Baloui Jamkhaneh Ezzatallah
Published: April 2022

The precise investigation of the Moore and Bilikam (MB) family of distributions is essential since they cover several distributions as special cases. We evaluate different estimation procedures for parameters of MB family comprehensively. Moreover, the confidence interval and highest posterior density interval estimators of parameters are provided. The different estimation methods of the parameters of two certain cases of the MB family are compared via the simulation data. Based on the simulation approach, we realized the estimates are convergent to the real values of the parameters and the root mean squared error (RMSE) values derived by the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm are less than Newton–Raphson (NR), stochastic EM (SEM) and Bayes estimators. Also, the higher values of the sample size lead to better estimates in the sense close to true parameter values and having smaller RMSE values. The reliability analysis of MB family is another topic in this paper, with simulation discussion. The Monte Carlo simulations are provided to assess the performances of estimation methods. We concluded the Bayesian shrinkage estimators are better than other methods of the reliability function, which have the smallest values of the RMSE. The analysis of real dataset has been presented for illustrative purposes, which confirmed simulation results.
A mathematical model for the novel coronavirus with effect of lockdown
Authors: Verma Vinay , Agarwal Manju , Verma Ashish
Published: April 2022

This paper delineates the mathematical modeling and dynamics of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) an outbreak, and it is a control measurement; the effect of lockdown in terms of lakhs of cases and deaths. The lockdown effect is studied with a different lockdown success rate and also describes the multiple transmission route in the infection dynamics, and pushes the role of the environmental reservoir in the transmission and the spread of this disease. In this situation, mathematical models are an important tool to assign an impressive strategy in order to fight against this pandemic. We exhibit the boundedness of the system, the local stability analysis and global stability analysis of the equilibrium to examine its epidemiological relevance. We have also carried out numerical simulations to validate the analytical results.
Index Design: Hedging and Manipulation
Authors: Jarrow Robert , Li Siguang
Published: April 2022

This paper studies optimal index design to facilitate both hedging and alleviate illegal manipulation in a competitive equilibrium paradigm, modified to deal with manipulation. Specifically, a large trader is trading both derivatives and assets that effectively hides her trades behind the competitive market clearing mechanism. Unlike the strategic game paradigm, a volume-weighted average pricing (VWAP) index introduces basis risk and encourages manipulation because of the additional randomness in volume weight and the greater price impact enjoyed by the large trader. In contrast, an equal-weighted average pricing (EWAP) index preserves market completeness and discourages manipulation.
The partition function of log-gases with multiple odd charges
Authors: Wolff Elisha D. , Wells Jonathan M.
Published: April 2022

We use techniques in the shuffle algebra to present a formula for the partition function of a one-dimensional log-gas comprised of particles of (possibly) different integer charges at certain inverse temperature [Formula: see text] in terms of the Berezin integral of an associated non-homogeneous alternating tensor. This generalizes previously known results by removing the restriction on the number of species of odd charge. Our methods provide a unified framework extending the de Bruijn integral identities from classical [Formula: see text]-ensembles ([Formula: see text]) to multicomponent ensembles, as well as to iterated integrals of more general determinantal integrands.
Framework and Evaluation Methodology for Autonomous Drone Racing
Authors: Fernández-Cortizas Miguel , Pérez-Saura David , Santamaría Pablo , Rodríguez-Vázquez Javier , Molina Martín , Campoy Pascual
Published: April 2022

In recent years, autonomous drone races have become increasingly popular in the aerial robotics research community due to challenges in perception, localization, navigation, and control at high speeds, pushing forward the state-of-the-art every year. However, autonomous racing drones are still far from reaching human pilot performance, and a lot of research has to be done to accomplish that. In this work, a complete architecture system and an evaluation method for autonomous drone racing research are proposed, based on the Aerostack 5.0 open-source framework. To evaluate the performance of the whole system and of each algorithm used separately, this framework is validated not only with simulated flights, but also through real flights in an indoor drone race circuit using different configurations.
Affine Formation Control of General Linear Multi-Agent Systems with Delays
Authors: Wang Jianan , Ding Xiangjun , Wang Chunyan , Zuo Zongyu , Ding Zhengtao
Published: April 2022

This paper studies affine formation control problem of general linear multi-agent systems (MASs) over undirected graph in the presence of time delays. Different delay conditions are considered and predictive observers are designed for the followers to predict the states in the future. Then, affine formation control laws are designed based on the predicted states, and sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the convergence of the formation errors. With an adaptive mechanism, the proposed control laws can be implemented without the usage of global information. Under the proposed protocols, the MASs can form a target formation shape and realize time-varying geometric transformations continuously. Finally, simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Minerals for future technologies: how Germany copes with challenges
Authors: Watzel Ralph
Published: April 2022

Energy transition, de-carbonization and the future of manufacturing will not end the import dependency of Germany's national economy, but it will most probably result in a shift to new and different dependencies. The need for new raw materials is rapidly increasing. Domestic resources may contribute to but not entirely meet the evolving demand. The supply of new raw materials requires new approaches in exploration supported by sound science. Here, we report in a summarized way on recent results of scientific research projects on critical minerals. Mineral commodities that have important uses and no viable substitutes, yet face potential disruption in supply, are defined as critical to a nation's economic and national security. The main topics are the assessment of critical mineral potential in primary ore deposits and mining waste, exploration of the deep subsurface and thermal brines, bioleaching and deep sea mineral deposits. Raw material development and extraction are affected by environmental concerns, especially groundwater and soil, and societal aspects, such as fair trade in supply chains.
It takes a community---
Authors: Xin Reynold , McKinney Wes , Gates Alan , McCubbin Chris
Published: April 2022

A discussion with Reynold Xin, Wes McKinney, Alan Gates, and Chris McCubbin.
Agent provocateur
Authors: Clegg Brian
Published: April 2022

From the intersection of computational science and technological speculation, with boundaries limited only by our ability to imagine what could be.

FBI agents Saskia Lipcott and Dinah Carter have one last chance to evade Dupin's corrupt AI.
Set the configuration for the heart of the OS
Authors: Kuo Hsuan-Chi , Chen Jianyan , Mohan Sibin , Xu Tianyin
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a study on the practicality of operating system (OS) kernel debloating, that is, reducing kernel code that is not needed by the target applications. Despite their significant benefits regarding security (attack surface reduction) and performance (fast boot time and reduced memory footprints), the state-of-the-art OS kernel debloating techniques are not widely adopted in practice, especially in production environments. We identify the limitations of existing kernel debloating techniques that hinder their practical adoption, such as both accidental and essential ones. To understand these limitations, we build an advanced debloating framework named Cozart that enables us to conduct a number of experiments on different types of OS kernels (such as Linux and the L4 microkernel) with a wide variety of applications (such as HTTPD, Memcached, MySQL, NGINX, PHP, and Redis). Our experimental results reveal the challenges and opportunities in making OS kernel debloating practical. We share these insights and our experience to shed light on addressing the limitations of kernel debloating techniques in future research and development efforts.
Model-bounded Monitoring of Hybrid Systems
Authors: Waga Masaki , André Étienne , Hasuo Ichiro
Published: April 2022

Monitoring of hybrid systems attracts both scientific and practical attention. However, monitoring algorithms suffer from the methodological difficulty of only observing sampled discrete-time signals, while real behaviors are continuous-time signals. To mitigate this problem of sampling uncertainties, we introduce a
model-bounded monitoring
scheme, where we use prior knowledge about the target system to prune interpolation candidates. Technically, we express such prior knowledge by linear hybrid automata (LHAs)—the LHAs are called
bounding models
. We introduce a novel notion of
monitored language
of LHAs, and we reduce the monitoring problem to the membership problem of the monitored language. We present two partial algorithms—one is via reduction to reachability in LHAs and the other is a direct one using polyhedra—and show that these methods, and thus the proposed model-bounded monitoring scheme, are efficient and practically relevant.
Ionomer Optimization for Hydroxide-Exchange-Membrane Water Electrolyzers Operated with Distilled Water: A Modeling Study
Authors: Liu Jiangjin , Weber Adam Z.
Published: April 2022

The hydroxide-exchange-membrane water electrolyzer (HEMWE) is a promising means to store intermittent renewable energy in the form of hydrogen chemical energy. The hydroxide-exchange ionomer (HEI) in the gas-evolving electrodes and the hydroxide-exchange membrane (HEM) are key components of HEMWE. In this work, we simulate the cell and examine explicitly the impact of HEI and HEM properties with a focus on improving HEMWE performance when operated with distilled water (i.e., no supporting electrolyte). The tradeoff between the ionic conductivity gain and electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) loss is studied. For a constant catalyst loading, distributing more catalyst next to the HEM or making thinner but denser catalyst layer is beneficial for HEMWE performance. The results demonstrate that a higher water diffusion coefficient is desired for HEM to supply reactant water to the cathode. In contrast, a lower water diffusion coefficient is preferred for the cathode HEI to retain the water in the regions with high reaction rates. Overall, the findings provide important insights to optimizing HEI/HEM materials for improved HEMWE performance.
Electrochemical Determination of Manganese in Whole Blood with Indium Tin Oxide Electrode
Authors: Wu Zhizhen , Heineman William R. , Haynes Erin N. , Papautsky Ian
Published: April 2022

In this work, we demonstrate accurate and precise measurement of manganese (Mn) concentration in human whole blood with indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode using square wave stripping voltammetry. While an essential trace metal for human health, elevated levels of Mn due to environmental or occupational exposure have been associated with severe neuromotor dysfunction characterized by parkinsonism and cognitive dysfunction making the monitoring of Mn in whole blood necessary. Pediatric populations are particularly susceptible to Mn given their developing brain and potential long-term impacts on neurodevelopment. The current gold standard for whole blood Mn measurements is by ICP-MS, which is costly and time consuming. The electrochemical detection with ITO working electrode in this work showed a limit of detection of 0.5 μg l−1 and a linear range of 5 to 500 μg l−1, which encompasses the physiological Mn levels in human whole blood (5–18 μg l−1). Our results of Mn measurement in whole blood show an average precision of 96.5% and an average accuracy of 90.3% compared to ICP-MS for both the normal range (5–18 μg l−1) and the elevated levels (>36 μg l−1) that require medical intervention. These results demonstrate the feasibility of Mn measurements in human blood with electrochemical sensors.
High-Efficient Hydrogen Generation Study by a Reverse Tailing Pulsed-Plasma Water Dissociation Applying Wet Electrode Method
Authors: Shimizu Naohiro , Borude Ranjit R. , Tanaka Reiko , Oda Osamu , Hosoe Hiroki , Ino Satoshi , Inoue Yosuke , Hori Masaru
Published: April 2022

A pulsed power water dissociation method applying a couple of a porous-ceramic electrode, wetted with water, and an opposite dry electrode in the atmospheric air was studied. The basic concept for this study is composed of “pulsed power activation of high water particle density liquid state at the porous electrode creepage” and “subsequent non-thermal equilibrium plasma reactions of these particles diffusing into the low water particle density gas state.” The deionized water (DIW) dissociation experiments were performed by applying the Reverse Tailing Pulse (RTP) method, where the forward pulse voltage of 10 kV level with the rising up ratio (dV/dt) of 1011 V s−1 level is applied. To examine the electric polarity contribution, four kinds of reactors were studied. H2 was detected in one reactor which is composed of an anode electrode made by porous-ceramic, wetted with DIW, and a cathode electrode made from a dry fine-ceramic. The H2 generation efficiency, close to the theoretical prediction, was obtained when “Tanzanite” colored plasma was detected. These features may be due to the “RTP” reformation of the high water particle density liquid state in the wetted porous-electrode creepage and their continuous diffusion into the gas plasma space with the help of “Fick’s law of diffusion” and “pulsed ion wind.”