bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing Business Model Competences in the Enterprise
Authors: Walaszczyk Ludmila
Published: April 2023

Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, 2021 saw a growing interest in starting own business: as per the Census Bureau's Business Formation Statistics, the number of applications to form new businesses filed in the U.S. was the highest compared to any other year on record, reaching the total of 5.4 million (Economic Innovation Group, 2022), while in the EU, after an initial downward trend recorded in the first and second quarters of 2020, the number of new business registrations grew again in the third quarter of that year, and this upward trend continued throughout 2021 (Eurostat, 2022). Of course, as a result of Russia's invasion on Ukraine and related economic crisis, a downward tendency could be observed, but business registration levels in the EU in the first quarter of 2022 were still higher than during the pre-COVID 19 pandemic period (2015–2019) (Eurostat, 2022) and online searches indicating and intent to open a business spiked by 76% from 2018 to 2022 (Search Engine Journal, 2022). This shows that despite many external impediments, people are still tempted to start their own business, and many influencers, motivational speakers and coaches, as well as various popular TV shows broadcast worldwide (like the Apprentice, Dragons’ Den, Shark Tank or Planet of the Apps) encourage them to do so. Becoming an entrepreneur has become a goal many people, especially 20-, 30- and 40-year-olds, strive to achieve. However, many of those people fail to realise that the very entry in the business register does not automatically make them entrepreneurs or their business successful. Neither does a good (or even excellent and innovative) business idea that attracts customers, as it was in Kodak’s, Blockbuster’s, or Ask Jeeves’ case. What is required, is the ability to stay attractive to existing and prospective customers, i.e., the ability to win and retain customers, and to adapt to the changing demands, trends and economic conditions. All this can be achieved thanks to a meticulously designed and regularly reviewed and updated business model.

The aim of this paper is to present and analyse the learning process of acquiring and building competences in the area of business models with the use of different innovative tools. The results presented and discussed in this article come from surveys as well as face-to-face and on-line meetings conducted in the ProBM 2 ERASMUS+ project (Understanding and Developing Business Models in the Era of Globalisation), in which the total of 261 respondents from seven (7) European countries, i.e. Poland, Italy, Greece, Romania, Portugal, Malta, and Switzerland, took part between 2019 and 2022. From the meetings and surveys it follows that much more awareness of business models needs to be encouraged and developed, particularly as regards improving competences helping future business owners and their employees assess profitability and efficiency of their operations and ensure that the business will be a going concern.
Governance of Digital Transformation: As observed in two cases of military transformations
Authors: MATTILA JUHA KAI
Published: April 2023

The transformation of a modern socio-technical system is challenging. Notably, the digital transformation of an enterprise's business or operational model is an arduous journey toward success. Recent studies illustrate that 70% of business enterprise digital transformations fall short of their objectives. Without revenue-based performance indicators, the digital transformations of military organisations are, if possible, even more challenging. However, governance methods should assist in the complex transformation of interrelated features like human behaviour, business processes, information, data, and technology. Are they applied, and how feasible the standard Information and Communications Technology (ICT) governance methods are in supporting digital transformation in the defence sector?

 

The paper studies how feasible the contemporary ICT -governance methods are for military organisations while executing digital transformation. The research implements the action research method since the researcher has participated in two journeys of military transformation. First, a review of these two cases shows the military utilisation of the governance methods and models. Second, the standard methods are reflected against the most challenging transformation problems to see if they could provide support. Third, the methods are challenged by the range of variety in complex system transformations to test their flexibility.

 

Based on the research on two digital transformations, military enterprises seem to fall short in applying central ICT governance standards and methods. Therefore, they are not getting the best available support. Secondly, the contemporary governance methods do not address all the pain points in military transformation. Hence, the utilisation degree and transformation benefits are not well correlated. Thirdly, modern governance tools are inflexible in addressing various situations, transformation goals, and organisational maturity. In summary, the research surfaces some new gaps within the contemporary ICT governance toolbox when applied to the complex socio-technical transformation in the defence sector.
Community-based tourism as an approach to a solidarity economy
Authors: Mora Forero Jorge Alexander , Saavedra Janeth Alejandra
Published: April 2023

Tourism is an activity established as an alternative in the rural territory and there are few investigations that have contributed to the understanding of its development with the solidarity economy. Even tourism as an economic activity is of great importance; for this reason, research must be carried out to allow recognition of the relationship between community tourism and the foundations of the solidarity economy. For the development of this research, two theories of the social sciences were analyzed, on the one hand, the concept of solidarity economy and its main characteristics are reviewed, and on the other, the theories of community-based tourism in a rural context are reviewed. These two elements allow a discussion between the theoretical assumptions, the case study and reality. This allows describing the way in which the community manages tourism and how it incorporates the solidarity economy. The methodological structure used for this research is based on a mixed approach based on a case study. The research analyzes rural community tourism from a local perspective and with a socioeconomic point of view. This case study allows us to recognize the tourism phenomenon and the solidarity economy, delimiting the object of study to a geographical context, in which social and productive relationships are recognized. This study is analyzed from what was found in the Municipality of Gachala, located in the department of Cundinamarca in Colombia. For this, interviews were conducted with the people of the community to recognize the socioeconomic aspects that were raised for this investigation. A diagnosis was made to know the tourist services offered. In the same way, quantitative aspects were examined by means of an instrument for the measurement of community-based tourism. Where, aspects such as: employment, investment, training, value chain and the incorporation of tourism with the community are reviewed. In conclusion, tourism is an opportunity for rural communities to expand their sources of income and publicize their local activities and their territory in general.
Organizational Resilience Factors of Startups: Exploratory Case Study
Authors: Matos Florinda Maria Carreira , Monteiro Maria , Rosa Álvaro , Campino José
Published: April 2023

In an increasingly competitive environment subject to uncontrollable risks, the continuity of organizations can be severely threatened, and the decision-making process takes place under circumstances of great uncertainty. Therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies and competencies that allow the business to thrive. Startups, particularly technology-based ones, are an essential source of innovation. However, several studies indicate that approximately 60% of Startups fail in the first five years of business. To succeed, startups need to develop skills that allow them to rapidly evaluate their decisions and options, and to identify what is vital for the survival of their business. Thus, organizational resilience becomes of paramount importance to those companies. The term resilience is used in different areas of knowledge, but all the definitions share common ground regarding the concept: it describes the ability of an element to return to its normal state after a period of stress and crisis. The main objective of this exploratory research developed in Portugal is to identify the resilience factors of technological Startups. It is also intended to contribute to the design and development of instruments which promote organizational resilience in technological ecosystems. The current research follows the case study methodology based on a sample of 10 technological startups collected from the Startup Leiria ecosystem (Portugal). The Startup Leiria is an incubator of startup ventures which makes it a prime source of data and knowledge. The main findings point out the necessity to develop agility skills in Startup ecosystems. It was concluded that resilient organizations are characterized by having the ability to anticipate, respond, adapt, and recover from a disruptive event. The uniqueness of this study concerns its contribution to stimulate data-driven discussions regarding the necessity to implement programs for the reskilling of Startups in the context of their ecosystems.
Enhancing Employer Branding through corporate Innovation and Web communication
Authors: PANAGIOTIDOU SOFIA
Published: April 2023

The primary purpose of this empirical research is to show how a company's attractiveness can be influenced by its corporate innovative culture, high-quality standards attitude, and web-based communication and interaction with candidates. The research hypotheses were investigated in senior students and young graduates of Greek universities in order to propose an effective pre-recruitment employer branding strategy which causes positive effects in a company's talent pool.

The Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) software was used on a convenient sample of 737 individuals from Greek universities. Overall, the study's findings point to a company's innovative nature and orientation, which are reflected across the full range of its business activity, as a crucial factor for candidates who are interested in learning more about employment opportunities there. This is accomplished through communication media that are popular among young job seekers, such as the corporate website and social media. In this way, based on web info, candidates are able to obtain not only detailed information, but also signs with a strong symbolic effect, thus shaping positive perceptions of the company as a potential employer. Especially in a university setting, at the initial stage of candidate recruitment our results highlight the importance of the dual dimension of relevant communication, i.e. the information about jobs as presented on the corporate website and social media of the company, and the way these media communicate with job seekers.

Furthermore, the findings of our study have significant implications of how a company's HR departments should plan and organize their presence in Greek Universities in order to improve corporate positive image and attractiveness among passive and active candidates. 

Despite methodological and contextual limitations, this paper aims to enrich the pre-recruitment literature by presenting significant theoretical and managerial implications.
Sustainable management based on sustainable knowledge
Authors: Bencsik Andrea
Published: April 2023

The issue of sustainability has been on the minds of professionals for years, as it is on the minds of everyone involved in everyday life. Numerous studies have been carried out on various aspects of organisational operation, nature conservation, environmental protection and climate change. However, little research has been done on the potential for sustainability of organisational knowledge, a factor that fundamentally affects the functioning of organisations. This concerns the steps in the knowledge management process, organisational culture, working conditions, organisational environment, and organisational leadership that provides governance. Among these factors, this paper reviews the criteria for sustainable leadership as an effective channel for strategic decision making. Sustainable management has a significant impact on the organisation and its environment, balancing operations, people, profit, market competition and planetary sustainability. It is necessary to capture, share, incorporate and store valuable organisational knowledge for organisational performance excellence. The expectations of sustainable management that govern the sustainability of knowledge is a little researched topic in both management science and knowledge management literature. This paper aims to fill this gap by highlighting the supporting role of sustainable management for knowledge sustainability. Research to date has identified sustainable management as an alternative style of management that can significantly change organisations and society through a deeper understanding of natural and economic systems and their interdependencies. Accordingly, it ensures market performance in a holistic approach, based on the concept of sustainable knowledge, in the long term, with a focus on the efficient use of the company's internal resources. The cornerstones of these interrelationships and the conditions of the relationships are presented in a theoretical approach in the study.
When power hurts: An explorative study on the relationship between toxic leadership, emotional exhaustion, turnover intention and job satisfaction
Authors: Gravili Ginevra , Manuti Amelia , Meirinhos Viviana
Published: April 2023

The present study is aimed to two related objectives: 1) to make a systematic review of the relationship between toxic leadership, burnout and turnover intentions in the workplace 2) to use this knowledge to investigate if and to what extent a toxic leadership style might negatively impact workers' burnout and turnover intentions. This second objective was pursuedconducting a survey focused on a convenience sample of 156 employees (48% males and 50% females), working in small and medium enterprises across Italy.

The structured questionnaire adopted is composed of validated measures of emotional exhaustion (Sirigatti et al. 1988 ), toxic leadership (Schmidt, 2008), turnover intention (Mobley et al., 1978) and job satisfaction (Wanous et al., 1997). Results showed that all dimensions of burnout and turnover intentions were positively related to toxic leadership. Limitations of the study as well as practical implications for research and practice in HRM are discussed.
Shared Leadership and Learning
Authors: Dočekal Vít
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study is to describe the links between shared leadership and learning. The method of this study is an integrative review that combines the results and findings of chosen studies focusing on the keyword "shared leadership" from the Scopus database and their relations to learning. As a result, this paper presents three basic topics – shared leadership as a stimulus for training and development, shared leadership as an incentive for learning and a summary of conditions supporting the relationship between shared leadership and learning.
Development of Dark Triad Scales for Machiavellianism, Psychopathy and Narcissism from the Hogan Development Survey
Authors: Coleman Brendan , Dulewicz Victor
Published: April 2023

Dark Triad personalities (DT: Psychopathy, narcissism and Machiavellianism) adversely affect organisational functioning. This research was designed to answer three questions: (1) Can DT personality measures be derived from the Hogan Development Survey (HDS)? (2) Will age, tenure, and gender moderate the relationships between the DT personality measures and job performance? (3) What are the relationships between scores on the DT personality measures? Three new DT scales were derived from the HDS. Scales’ scores are discrete and measure independent constructs. Controlling for age, tenure, and gender showed significant negative correlations between the DT and job performance.

 

Four hypotheses, derived from the research questions, were tested based on a sample of 918 managers’ responses to HDS and independent ratings of their job performance. Mapping of HDS scales was based on Ferrell and Gaddis’s (2016) correlations between HDS scales and two widely used independent DT scales.

 

Three new DT scales were produced from the HDS. Six HDS scales map onto Machiavellianism, five onto psychopathy and four onto narcissism. All the new DT scales showed acceptable Alpha reliabilities. The mapping exercise provided evidence of construct validity. An analysis of high scorers on pairings of the three DT scales showed divergent validity. Partial correlation results after controlling for the effect of age, tenure, and gender showed significant negative correlations between psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism and job performance, demonstrating criterion validity. Divergence between the three scales was found.

 

Organisations can use the new DT scale scores for screening applicants and for identifying future management potential and provide developmental feedback to employees.
What does ownership structure tell us about Integrated Reporting of Polish listed companies?
Authors: Fijałkowska Justyna , Hadro Dominika , Bryl Łukasz , Brescia Valerio , Secinaro Silvana
Published: April 2023

This paper aims to link the quantity and quality of information disclosed in Integrated Reports of the Polish listed companies with their ownership structure, through which we explore the manifestation of governance mechanism. Our study investigates two main problems in the literature concerning factors and logical relations explaining companies' disclosure patterns in the information reported to stakeholders; the first concerns measures of the quantity and quality of disclosure, and the second is focused on the explanation of the relations. Our paper addresses both issues by proposing an application of advanced textual analysis tools to assess the quantity and quality of the information disclosed. Second, contrasting to the great majority of existing research-based almost exclusively on correlation methods with linearity assumptions, this study presents a practical implementation of the QCA tool to analyse how the ownership structure influences the company disclosure patterns. The results obtained in this study may be of great importance to the governance of companies, IR prepares and regulators.
The influence of board gender diversity on the sustainable development goals reporting: evidence from Portuguese companies
Authors: Monteiro Sónia , Lemos Kátia , Ribeiro Verónica
Published: April 2023

Aim: The aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of female presence on boards on the level of disclosure about the sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Methodology and Sample: This study used a content analysis of the sustainability/integrated reports published by a sample of the largest Portuguese listed companies. A set of panel data regression analyses on the SDGs disclosure index from 2016 until 2020 was run.

Research Findings: It was expected that there would be higher levels of SDGs-related disclosures in companies with female presence on boards. However, the results do not reveal any significant association with the dependent variable (SDG_IND). Contrary to our expectation, the presence of female on boards does not influence the disclosure about the SDGs in the largest listed companies.

Theoretical/Academic Implications:  Little research has addressed the influence of females on SDGs reporting (Rosati & Faria, 2019b, Pizzi et al., 2021). To the best of our knowledge, this study provides a first insight at the influence of the board gender diversity on SDGs reporting in the Portuguese context.

Practitioner/Policy Implications: This study helps to highlight the importance of women on boards' role by increasing awareness about UN 2030 Agenda and ensuring the transparency of SDGs-related disclosure. Thus, our findings could have implications for policy formulation, to encourage board gender diversity and its effects on SDGs reporting quality.
DIVE Project: Sharing experiences of non-formal education in Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Conceição Oscarina , Dieguez Teresa , Campinho Lúcia
Published: April 2023

The social entrepreneurship approach is presented as a basis for helping to solve problems that exist in society. Social economy activities play a key role as they combine innovation with the execution of solidarity relations between the community and the involved environment, thus highlighting their mission and contribution to sustainable development. This study aims to share the reflection of the European project "DIVE" of non-formal education on social entrepreneurship, presenting editions, main developed activities, and involving partner entities. It also aims to understand its impact on the perceptions of project participants and coordinators, as well as its evaluation and recommendations. Additionally, it tries to understand if changing the world through social entrepreneurship is or is not a utopia of contemporary society. For these purposes, research based on a mixed approach was developed and materialized through 2 surveys: one for the project participants and another one for the coordinators. This study shows the high impact of DIVE, both for the participants and for the coordinators and society. Indeed, the results reveal a great approach by all involved in the community, with a strong connection between the Academy's formal education and non-formal education. The project seems to have provided and developed tools that allowed young people to successfully face the challenges of the labor market, encouraging the creation of social enterprises and a closer look at sustainability issues. Through the involvement and active participation of young people, the promotion of modern European values is strengthened and a more equitable approach towards developing countries and stakeholders is attempted. Important skills are worked on and a more critical and reflective mentality, necessary for building the desired future, is built.
CSR in the retail food industry - An empirical study of sustainability measures
Authors: Peretz Adrian , Strønen Fred
Published: April 2023

Firms face increasing demands from a multitude of stakeholders to behave responsibly, but it is important to recognize that at the very core of sustainability lies compromise. None of the extreme alternatives—either the firm shutting down or the firm disregarding all societal demands—provide optimal solutions. The rational approach to sustainability is to seek 'win-win' solutions, as it clearly mandates achieving two different goals—for at least two different stakeholders, and this leads to goal conflicts and paradoxes. Not surprisingly, reducing costs while bolstering the firm's reputation as an environmentally responsible organization to the increasing number of climate-conscious consumers has become a common strategy for creating shared value. However, firms may face the paradox of choosing between those sustainability measures that are most beneficial to the firm and/or society, versus those measures that are most communicable to key stakeholders and thus most likely to provide reputational gains. There are very few studies on how approaches to food waste management in the retail sector contributes to CSR. The current study provides insight into resolving some of the paradoxes inherent in CSR-motivated strategies by describing how two of the biggest grocery chains in Norway—Coop and Norgesgruppen, seek to create more shared value through handling waste management. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with key informants at these two firms, that combined represent approximately 70% of the Norwegian food retail industry. In addition, data from expert interviews with key members of industry bodies provide further insights into the challenges in CSR issues. Our contribution is twofold, we develop insight into how retail chains handle conflicting goals from different stakeholders, and we show how using theory on paradoxes may contribute to achieving key CSR goals in the retail sector.
Exploring the links between ethical leadership, creativity and the work environment in hospital wards
Authors: Mangion Margaret , Scicluna Katrina
Published: April 2023

The literature indicates that a positive relationship between creativity and ethical leadership exists.  It is critical to explore how this relationship can influence creative mindsets of nurse managers and nurses specifically within their work environment. The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of ethical leadership on creativity and the work environment in hospital wards. Data was collected by means of a qualitative approach.  Staff from three wards in a general hospital was recruited for the study. Three nurse managers and nine nurses from three different wards in a hospital setting consented to hold semi-structured interviews.  Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data from the interview transcripts. Nurses and nurse managers co-exist in a dynamic context provided through their work environment. Most respondents were able to identify creative activities in their daily work. Trust, inclusiveness and altruism facilitated learning and the development of new skills.  This was manifested in environments where most respondents where receptive to alternative methods of addressing issues on the ward demonstrating a creative mindset. Nurses and nurse managers may mutually enhance their work environment by making it more engaging, by nurturing relationships, and facilitating creativity and creative mindsets by practicing ethical leadership. The study supports other research linking creativity and ethical leadership. Nurse managers and their teams have the opportunity to improve the quality of care delivery in hospital settings through their leadership style and openness to creative ideas.

Keywords: ethical leadership, creativity, creative mindset, work environment, interviews, thematic analysis.
Economic Aspects of a Resource Sharing Manufacturing Network under Turbulences
Authors: Szaller Adam
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, manufacturing companies face more difficulties than ever. Unrest in global supply chains triggered by fluctuating customer demand, raw material shortages and crises (Covid pandemic, global warming, wars) complicate the utilization of production resources necessary for economic success. Also, the rapidly changing environment causes existing production plans to be adapted, which results in order changes, causing additional costs for manufacturers. One solution to cope with these problems is cooperation and sharing resources: requesting capacity from partners when having shortages and offering them temporarily in case of excess capacity.

In this paper, a platform-based resource sharing mechanism is investigated from the economic perspective. In the mechanism, requests and offers are matched by a central platform applying a complex matching logic. The platform provides valid alternatives based on the incoming orders that the requesting company can choose from. Companies are rating each other’s performance after each interaction based on delivery accuracy; choosing between resource offers is made based on the cumulated rating about the offeror and the price of the offer.

Within this paper, the aim is to investigate the resource sharing mechanism from the economic point of view based on an approach to the responsiveness of a supply chain structure to turbulence, to support decision-makers trying to cope with unexpected changes. For this purpose, here the mechanism is briefly introduced, and basic concepts about turbulences in supply chains are also presented. Cost types related to resource sharing manufacturing companies are distinguished, and the model is validated with agent-based simulation. A simulation experiment is performed to investigate the use-case of outsourced jobs having different price levels. Based on the experiment, it can be concluded that there is a price level limit in such a resource sharing federation, under which it is worth it to collaborate with partners by outsourcing certain jobs to them.
Psychological Contract Disruptions by Uncivil Behavior
Authors: Brandt Tiina , Ruohonen Anna
Published: April 2023

This research focuses the conceptualization and modeling of psychological contract (PC) dynamics in co-worker communication under the conditions of counterproductive or uncivil behavior acting as a PC disruption. It also studies differences of individual responses when having the exposure of the difficult person behavior. A sample of 98 experienced working professionals responded to an open-ended questionnaire regarding the difficult person behavior in their place of work. The content analysis was used as analyzing method.  Findings indicated that different strategies that people employed in repairing PC following a negative disruption were identified. These included the call to supervisors for mediation, launching a straightforward opposition to contain difficult person behavior, using acquiescence and accommodation as tactics, responding with avoidance and/or praise. According to analyzes the dynamics of PC-model impacted by uncivil disruption is presented.  The results of the research benefit organizational leaders and HR in facilitating the processes of organizational support of supervisors in mitigating negative PC disruptions that are caused by difficult person behavior. This study is among the firsts when studying different individual responses when facing uncivil behavior and this study fulfils this gap. This study extends the psychological contract theory, showing how the uncivil behavior impacts on PC.
Why does talent leave organizations? Talent retention of trainee program graduates
Authors: Král Pavel , Richterová Martina , Králová Věra
Published: April 2023

Organizations fight for talent, and talent management has become an integral part of human resource management. Trainee programs are a part of talent management, which allows organizations to attract primarily university graduates with high potential. Trainee programs are highly selective and require high investment. However, much of the talent successfully finishing trainee programs (i.e. trainee program graduates) leave the organization before they can return the investment to the organization. The literature on talent management is centered around the process of attraction and development of talent but stays silent about talent retention. Thus, this research identifies and explores the reasons why trainee program graduates leave organizations.

The study draws on a qualitative case study of the largest car producer in the Czech Republic with an established and highly developed trainee program. Data comprises of four sources: First, the interviews with the trainee program graduates, both who remained or left the organization after finishing the trainee program. Second, extensive internal talent management documentation related to the trainee program. Third, the consultations with human resource management specialists. Fourth, field notes from employee’s non-participant observation. Grounded theory analysis was used to analyze the data.

The findings reveal three overarching factors that determine the turnover of trainee program graduates: the sense of uniqueness, instantaneity, and privilege. These factors represent expectations that are set by the organization but are not achieved by the trainee program graduates. These factors uncover the underlying paradoxical nature of trainee programs, which is highlighted by two trainee program paradoxes: focus paradox and prestige paradox.

The research has several theoretical contributions. In the first place, the findings expand talent management literature by identifying critical issues that may lead to talent drainage instead of talent retention. This research also contributes to generational cohort theory. Practical implications provide suggestions on how to integrate trainee programs into human resource management practices to achieve expected and desired benefits of talent management for organizations.
Generation Z's expectations of their leaders: A cross-cultural, multi-dimensional investigation of leadership styles.
Authors: Zehetner Andreas , Zehetner Daniela , Lepeyko Tetyana , Blyznyuk Tetyana
Published: April 2023

Gen Z representatives from one Western and one Eastern European country were the subjects of an empirical study investigating leadership style preferences and effects of motivation and performance on leader preferences. Data from 131 Ukrainian and 157 Austrian Gen Z representatives were analyzed. Different dimensions of leadership were examined, including transactional/transformational leadership and production/employee/change orientation of leaders. The results show significant differences in expectations between cultures, and within different leadership styles. Generation Z representatives from collectivist cultures with high power distance, long-term orientation, and high uncertainty avoidance have higher expectations of their future leaders than those from individualistic countries with lower power distance, less long-term orientation, and low uncertainty avoidance. A higher level of work motivation leads to a higher relevance of transformational, transactional pecuniary, and transactional non-pecuniary leadership styles in a collectivist, uncertainty-avoiding country with high power distance (Ukraine), while there is no effect in an individualistic country with low uncertainty avoidance and low power distance (Austria). Also, higher levels of work motivation lead to more appreciation of employee / production / change orientation in Ukraine, but only to higher levels of employee orientation in Austria. High performers in Austria tend to accept transactional sanction-based leadership, while this is not the case in Ukraine. In general, generations that may be described as universally similar have different perceptions depending on the culture they grew up in. For business leaders, the study provides insights into Gen Z employees and their leadership expectations. Managers from different business sectors working with employees from different cultural backgrounds should be aware of their employees’ different expectations. Recruiters will eventually have a better understanding of which arguments regarding leadership their future employees prefer and can adjust their recruitment messages accordingly.
Strategizing Digital Transformations: Sensing Threats and Opportunities with the Digital Disruption Analysis
Authors: Diekmann Malte , Voß Leonhard , Paul Fynn-Hendrik , Asghari Reza
Published: April 2023

Managers need to navigate the increasing complexity of their business environments due to emerging technological developments and digital disruption. Strategic threats and opportunities to their business must constantly be assessed, but organizations often lack the time and resources to develop a structured approach. With the Digital Disruption Analysis, Voß et al. (2020) published a systematic methodology to assess emerging innovations and to derive digital transformation strategies. In this paper, the Digital Disruption Analysis is tested with technology foresight experts of an established enterprise in the energy sector and improved in an iterative approach. In an initial application, opportunities for improvement are identified through participatory observation and direct feedback. Then, the Digital Disruption Analysis is revised and applied again in the same company to assess the improvements, using the same evaluation method and an additional qualitative questionnaire. The main adaptations of the Digital Disruption Analysis are the integration of a weak signal analysis based on data and text mining approach to identify relevant emerging innovations, the integration of a multidimensional digital disruption scoring model, and a new Trajectory Mapping approach. The experts note improved applicability and overall enhanced functionality of the revised Digital Disruption Analysis. Our findings contribute to future research on applicable management tools for digital transformations and serve as a foundation for understanding the nature of digital disruptions and how they can be identified and monitored.
The Convergence of Customer Orientation and Collaborative Health Care Leadership in Lithuania
Authors: Mockeviciene Birute , Servetkienė Vaida , Jankauskienė Danguolė
Published: April 2023

Improving health care quality is a continuous goal that requires constant attention and innovative solutions. One of the sources from which we can learn about what quality changes are needed is patient experience. "Collaboration" is one way to develop instruments and use them to gather knowledge about patient needs related to the patient journey and measures to improve the quality of services, such as service collaboration. The direction, in terms of the identification of patient needs and relatively urgent changes to the system, depends on the organizational culture determined by leadership. Different approaches towards leadership initiate different outcomes and consequences. Collaborative health care leadership comes with the decision to strengthen collaboration between health professionals and patients, thus addressing service quality gaps. Therefore, it becomes important to understand patients’ expectations in terms of such cooperation.

The study aim is to investigate whether patient satisfaction barriers can be linked to shortages in collective leadership.

All three dimensions of collaborative leadership (horizontal collaboration, interorganizational (vertical) collaboration, and collaboration with patients) demonstrate the link between leadership and accepted health care quality.
The Concept and the measurement of Strategic Leadership. The case of Greek Hotel Employees with the use of Exploratory Factor Analysis
Authors: Belias Dimitrios , Trihas Nikoloas
Published: April 2023

Over the past two decades, scholars and practitioners are interested in the term of Strategic Leadership. Strategic Leadership is a leader’s ability to anticipate, envision, being flexible, and enable others to make strategic changes as required. There are several researches connecting strategic leadership with various variables of the Human Resource Management (HRM), such as: work stress, (Baysak and Yener, 2015), work commitment (Chiang & Wang, 2012) and role conflict (Palomino & Frezatti, 2016). Hence, it is very important to develop a reliable measurement tool which will explore the nature of strategic leadership and map its dimensions. Barbara Davies & Brent Davies (2004) have already developed a model which consists of both the organizational abilities and the individual characteristics of strategic leaders. The main purpose of the current paper is to study the application of Davies & Davies model (2004) in the hospitality industry. More thoroughly, the empirical data used on this paper has derived by a research consisted of 372 participants who work on Greek Hotel Companies. The method used to analyze the connections between the items of the strategic leadership was factor analysis. The findings support that Davies & Davies model (2004) can be used as a measurement tool in the hospitality industry. Thus, the current paper aims to contribute to the comprehension of the nature of strategic leadership on the hospitality and tourism industry, and trigger future empirical research in the field.
The Impact of Workers not Returning to the job Market
Authors: Smith Crystal , Guillotin Bertrand
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study is to understand the paradigm shift that unfolded during the “Great Resignation\Reshuffling” (2020-2022) within the minds of workers with respect to not re-engaging in the job market after the pandemic. In early 2022, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), there were approximately 11 million job openings and 6 million unemployed individuals. The convergence of these two data points indicates five million jobs with vacant seats. Therefore, we aim to answer this research question: What obstacles have workers encountered that have prohibited them from re-engaging in the job market after the pandemic within the framework of Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Theory? To investigate this question and the associated unprecedented phenomenon, an inductive qualitative research analysis was conducted to review and code archival data from three sources: Reddit posts, the U.S. government (BLS, White House, Federal Reserve) documents, and press articles. The content from more than 1,000 pages (31 posts and 45 articles) was systematically analysed through first and second cycle coding to extract themes that identify the factors being considered by individuals who have chosen to remain on the job market side lines. This article attempts to magnify the American worker’s voice in an environment where it could feel like “nobody is listening” (Shaw, 2000) The findings indicate that salary, stumbling blocks, steward of care, sense of worth and stress are the leading factors that may prohibit individuals from returning to work. To triangulate these findings, additional press articles, government documents and Reddit posts will be coded to increase the data set (second study). The research limitations include a review of only three document sources, a focus on one country alone (the United States) and only one social media platform. Therefore, it cannot be stated that this list is exhaustive. More research is needed to include other platforms and sources. Nonetheless, the findings could help organizations understand this paradigm shift and formulate recruitment and retention programs that address the factors and needs of employees in a post -pandemic work environment that remains full of uncertainty and disruptions.
The ‘Me-We-All’-Approach for a more Sustainable and Responsible World
Authors: Takács Emőke , Abcouwer Toon
Published: April 2023

It is a fact of life that the world changes. This constant change raises an important question about the role of managers, leaders and organisations in society. Society forms the context for human development. Society, or in a broader sense, the world we live, will always last longer than any individual or organisation. Striving for short-term individual welfare cannot be an objective in the long run. Introducing the ‘Me-We-All’-approach in this opinion paper, we highlight the need to find a balance between individuals and organisations within the ever-changing context of our society. We discuss the role of management and leadership in creating more sustainable organisations and a better world. We analyse the complex relationship between individuals (Me), organisations/communities/networks (We) and society (All). The volatile requirements harm clear objectives/strategies and finding a balance for different perspectives. These stakeholders’ different roles and positions show conflicts of interest, contradicting challenges in a dynamic playing field. Developments within and in the vicinity of organisations demand significantly more attention as they influence organisations with an immense or even disruptive effect on and by individuals. Finally, organisational interactions have emerging impacts on society. Dealing with developments on the three identified levels cannot be elucidated in a single and unified way. We are in the middle of a paradigm shift from a Me-We perspective to a We-All one with attention to sustainability and circularity on a physically finite planet.
Compulsory Citizenship Behavior and Deviant Behavior: A Mediated Moderation Model
Authors: Wei Yu-Chen
Published: April 2023

This study examined how and when compulsory citizenship behaviors (CCB) lead to employees’ workplace deviant behavior (WDB) through psychological entitlement. In addition, this study integrates moral licensing and equity demand perspectives to further understand the psychological entitlement raising process. More specifically, this study verifies the moderating role of leader-member exchange (LMX) on the relationship between CCB and WDB and see if the strong supervisor-subordinate relationship facilitates CCB-workers to increase their entitlement and enhance their willingness to engage in WDB. Based on a sample of 299 elementary school teachers, the results provided supports for the hypotheses. This study found that CCB was directly positive related to WDB. Psychological entitlement was been verified the mediator role of the relationship between CCB and WDB. Moreover, the results also indicated that LMX moderated the mediating effect of psychological entitlement on the relationship between CCB and WDB such that the effect is stronger when LMX is high than when it is low. The effect of CCB on WDB found in this research supports the anticipation that CCB may bring about WDB. Furthermore, by confirming the mediating role of psychological entitlement in the linkage between CCB and WDB, such a finding substantially widens the scope of subordinate behavioral outcomes caused by CCB to include an important but neglected aspect of psychological mechanism, and thus is helpful for us to gain a more complete picture of the negative consequences of CCB. By applying moral licensing theory and focusing on a negative psychological configuration, this research also highlights the self-value inflation and vindictive mentality for explaining the transition process of CCB to WDB. By empirically testing LMX as one moderated mediating mechanism that underlies the influence of CCB on WDB, this research establishes an important theoretical perspective for explaining why high LMX employees are more likely to exhibit WDB, thereby contributing to understanding the “black box” of the transforming processes from CCB to WDB.
Antecedents and outcomes of employee engagement in the hospitality sector: A non-western study
Authors: Zaitouni Michel , Moufakkir Omar , OuakOuak Mohamad
Published: April 2023

Both academics and practitioners increasingly emphasize employee engagement as a means to generate higher levels of job performance and organizational success. While the employee engagement literature is well established not much is known about employee engagement in the Arab region and engagement of the expatriate’s workforce living in these countries is non-existent despite their importance and disproportionate number compared to the local population. This paper focused on the antecedents of employee engagement of expats residing in Kuwait. It examined the relationship between employee engagement, service climate, co-worker support, and psychological capital. On the second level of analysis, we assessed the relationship between employee engagement and organizational citizenship behavior, employee engagement and quit intention. We also examined the extent to which job satisfaction is impacted by OCB.  Results are based on 536 cases. Two software statistical packages (SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 24.0) are used for the analyses. The SEM results revealed that service climate, co-worker support, and psychological capital were positively related to employee engagement. Furthermore, we found that employee engagement has a positive relationship with OCB. However, employee engagement does not have any significant relationship with quit intention. Finally, the results showed that OCB is negatively associated with quit intention. Seven hypotheses were tested and subsequent managerial implications are provided. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings provide detailed and novel insights.