Research Practices of the Text of Culture: A Methodological Aspect
Authors: Логинова М.В. 
Published: May 2022

Цель статьи – определить методологический аспект анализа культуры как сложноорганизованного текста, состоящего из антиномий, формирующих исследовательские практики. Использованы результаты научных изысканий отечественных и зарубежных философов, культурологов и литературоведов. Рассмотрены базовые практики анализа текстов культуры (сдвиг, остранение, деконструкция). Подчеркивается, что антиномичность является одной из основных характеристик текстов культуры. Понятия сдвига, отстранения и деконструкции, разработанные в ХХ в., не утратили значения для анализа текста современной культуры и трансформируются в исследовательские практики работы с ним. Анализ функционирования текстов культуры позволяет определить: методологическое значение, состоящее в диалектике творчества и сотворчества как необходимых условий анализа текстов культуры; мировоззренческий аспект изменения представлений о картине мира, отраженной в текстах культуры; семантический аспект, формирующий новые смыслы культуры.

The aim of the article is to determine the methodological aspect of culture as a complexly organised text consisting of antinomies that shape research practices. The results of research of domestic and foreign philosophers, culturologists and literary critics are used. The work uses a systemic-synergetic approach that denies the understanding of culture as a complete and closed system. The basic practices of analysis of cultural texts (shift, defamiliarisation, deconstruction) are considered; the problems of general cultural aspects of the corresponding concepts at the description and interpretation of modern cultural texts are highlighted. It is emphasised that the antinomy of modern culture has methodological significance for the humanities. Specific features of antinomies are revealed: they divide being into beings of subject and of object; reflect both traditional oppositions (internal – external, form – content, individual – general, etc.) and their modern variants (norm – anomaly, difference – repetition, logical – alogical, etc.); violate the norms established by the classical paradigm and are understood as a different order. The shift’s application levels in the analysis of cultural texts (ontological, semantic, receptive, and aesthetic) are highlighted. It has been established that defamiliarisation is a central concept of culture as it characterises any practical and theoretical activity in which the “optics” of the view on the usual forms of perception or cognition changes. Defamiliarisation as a research practice reveals the inconsistency of cultural texts with the norm; defines the new content of cultural texts; in postmodernism, it is the goal of creativity. It is determined that the significance of the practice of deconstruction for the analysis of the text is not its destruction, but the deconstruction of its linguistic interpretation. The heuristicity of the postmodern methodology of text analysis is to substantiate language through the logic of differences. Shift, defamiliarisation, and deconstruction are transformed into research practices of working with cultural texts. The systemic-synergetic approach determines the meaning of these practices for the analysis of cultural texts as a developing text. The analysis of the functioning of cultural texts allows determining the methodological meaning, consisting in the dialectic of creativity and co-creation as necessary conditions for the analysis of cultural texts; the worldview aspect of changing ideas about the picture of the world reflected in the texts of culture; the semantic aspect, leading to the formation of new meanings of culture.