bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanism Configuration and Innovation Control System Design for Power Cable Line Mobile Maintenance Robot
Authors: Jiang Wei , Ye Gao Cheng , Zou De Hua , Yan Yu
Published: December 2020

High-voltage power cables are important channels for power transmission systems. Their special geographical environment and harsh natural environment can lead to many different faults. At present, such special operations in dangerous and harsh environments are performed manually, which not only has high labor intensity and low work efficiency but also has great personal safety risks. In order to solve such difficult problems, this paper studies the power maintenance robot for insulator string replacement, spacer replacement, damper and drainage plate maintenance; the basic configuration and the operation motion planning have been proposed; and the virtual prototype of the inspection maintenance robots has been developed, and then the mechanical structure of the robots has been optimized by the robot kinematics modeling and analyzed the working space based on the Monte Carlo method. The system platform, operation function, structural characteristics and related key technologies involved in the robot system development were systematically summarized; the deep integration point for the robot technology with big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and ubiquitous power Internet-of-Things technologies was also discussed. Finally, the physical prototype of the insulator replacement, drainage plate tightening, and damper replacement operation robot has been developed; several experimental tests on a 220 V live line have been conducted so as to verify the robot engineering practicality; and the main development and future research direction have also been pointed out at last.
Concerning publicized goods (or, the promiscuity of the public goods argument)
Authors: Baltzly Vaughn Bryan
Published: December 2020

Proponents of thepublic goods argument(‘PGA’) seek to ground the authority of the state on its putative indispensability as a means of providing public goods. But many of the things we take to be public goods – including many of the goods commonly invoked in support of the PGA – are actually what we might termpublicized goods. A publicized good is any whose ‘public’ character results only from a policy decision to make some (otherwise private) good freely and universally available. This fact poses complications for the PGA, insofar as the set of possible publicized goods is quite extensive indeed.
Identity and the Neoclassical Ideal in Martha Graham and Carlos Chávez'sDark Meadow
Authors: GIBSON CHRISTINA TAYLOR
Published: December 2020

If the ideal artistic collaboration is one of shared vision, open communication, and exquisite professionalism then Martha Graham and Carlos Chávez strayed far from it in the making ofDark Meadow(1946). As this article documents, their relationship was full of antagonism, misunderstanding, disdainful gossip, and regret on both sides. Three sources of conflict are examined: 1) a misunderstanding between the two collaborators on the meaning and utility of Greek allusions in art created conflicting aesthetic expectations for a dance with a plot derived from Greek mythology; 2) both artists defied the modernist community's expectations about how each of them should perform their gender identity as artists; and 3) similarly, the press's consistent Othering of Chávez in racist, nationalist terms was contagious, influencing Graham's beliefs about what Mexican music could or should be. Despite significant obstacles, Chávez and Graham produced a work that continues to represent the mid-century Modernist aesthetic.
Internalizing External Goals
Authors: Cheema Sadia E. , Velez John A.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The current study examined environmental contingencies (e.g., badgification) and individual factors (e.g., causality orientation) as a potential avenue for gamification to encourage adoption of issue-relevant behaviors via internalization processes. Drawing on the mini-theories of self-determination theory, we examined whether people’s causality orientation (i.e., autonomy vs. control) determined when different badges (i.e., reward vs. informational) encouraged adoption of issue-relevant behaviors. To examine this, an experiment was conducted with 215 participants using an image annotation task that implicitly addressed the issue of water conservation. The findings indicate that control-oriented people may have internalized the external goal of conserving water when presented with reward badges compared with informational badges. The results show that badgification warrants further examination to account for individual differences in causality orientation.
Do Uranus’s Moons Have Subsurface Oceans?
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: December 2020

Scientists tested whether a classic technique could detect subsurface oceans on the moons of Uranus. In this scenario, the planet’s oddball magnetic field offers a big advantage.
An Ice Core from the Roof of the World
Authors: Blaustein Anna
Published: December 2020

An innovative National Geographic expedition collected the world’s highest ice core from Mount Everest.
The 2019–2020 Australian Drought and Bushfires Altered the Partitioning of Hydrological Fluxes
Authors: Kumar Sujay V. , Holmes Thomas , Andela Niels , Dharssi Imtiaz , Vinodkumar  , Hain Christopher , Peters‐Lidard Christa , Mahanama Sarith P. , Arsenault Kristi R. , Nie Wanshu , Getirana Augusto
Published: December 2020

Though coarse in spatial resolution, the nearly all weather measurements from passive microwave sensors can help in improving the spatio‐temporal coverage of optical and thermal infrared sensors for monitoring vegetation changes on the land surface. This study demonstrates the use of vegetation optical depth (VOD) retrievals from the Soil Moisture Active Passive mission for capturing the vegetation alterations from the recent 2019 to 2020 Australian bushfires and drought. The impact of vegetation disturbances on terrestrial water budget is examined by assimilating the VOD retrievals into a dynamic phenology model. The results demonstrate that assimilating VOD observations lead to improved simulation of evapotranspiration, runoff, and soil moisture states. The study also demonstrates that the vegetation changes from the 2019 to 2020 Australian drought and fires led to significant modifications in the partitioning of evaporative and runoff fluxes, resulting in increased bare soil evaporation, reduced transpiration, and higher runoff.
Intra‐Annual Climate Anomalies in Northwestern North America Following the 1783–1784 CE Laki Eruption
Authors: Edwards Julie , Anchukaitis Kevin J. , Zambri Brian , Andreu‐Hayles Laia , Oelkers Rose , D'Arrigo Rosanne , von Arx Georg
Published: December 2020

The 1783–1784 CE Laki eruption in Iceland was one of the largest, in terms of the mass of SO2 emitted, high‐latitude eruptions in the last millennium, but the seasonal and regional climate response was heterogeneous in space and time. Although the eruption did not begin until early June, tree‐ring maximum latewood density (MXD) reconstructions from Alaska suggest that the entire 1783 summer was extraordinarily cold. We use high‐resolution quantitative wood anatomy, climate model simulations, and proxy systems modeling to resolve the intra‐annual climate effects of the Laki eruption on temperatures over northwestern North America. We measured wood anatomical characteristics of white spruce (Picea glauca) trees from two northern Alaska sites. Earlywood cell characteristics of the 1783 ring are normal, while latewood cell wall thickness is significantly and anomalously reduced compared to non‐eruption years. Combined with complementary evidence from climate model experiments and proxy systems modeling, these features indicate an abrupt and premature cessation of cell wall thickening due to a rapid temperature decrease toward the end of the growing season. Reconstructions using conventional annual resolution MXD likely over‐estimate total growing season cooling in this year, while ring width fails to capture this abrupt late‐summer volcanic signal. Our study has implications not only for the interpretation of the climatic impacts of the Laki eruption in North America, but more broadly demonstrates the importance of timing and internal variability when comparing proxy temperature reconstructions and climate model simulations. It further demonstrates the value of developing cellular‐scale tree‐ring proxy measurements for paleoclimatology.
Comment on Dong and Ochsner (2018): “Soil Texture Often Exerts Stronger Influence Than Precipitation on Mesoscale Soil Moisture Patterns”
Authors: Jakobi J. , Huisman J. A. , Bogena H. R.
Published: December 2020

In their study, Dong and Ochsner (2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021692) used an extensive data set of 18 cosmic‐ray neutron rover surveys along a 150 km long transect on unpaved roads to assess the influence of precipitation and soil texture on mesoscale soil moisture patterns. Based on their analysis, they concluded that soil texture, represented by sand content, exerted a stronger influence on mesoscale soil moisture variability than precipitation, represented by the antecedent precipitation index, on 17 of the 18 survey days. However, we found that Dong and Ochsner (2018) made a mistake in their calculation of volumetric soil moisture. After correction, the validity of the original conclusions of Dong and Ochsner (2018) was considerably weakened, as soil texture exerted a stronger influence on soil moisture than precipitation on 12 of the 18 survey days only.
Loss of a pyoverdine secondary receptor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa results in a fitter strain suitable for population invasion
Authors: González Jaime , Salvador Manuel , Özkaya Özhan , Spick Matt , Reid Kate , Costa Catia , Bailey Melanie J , Rossa Claudio Avignone , Kümmerli Rolf , Jiménez José I
Published: December 2020

The rapid emergence of antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens constitutes a critical problem in healthcare and requires the development of novel treatments. Potential strategies include the exploitation of microbial social interactions based on public goods, which are produced at a fitness cost by cooperative microorganisms, but can be exploited by cheaters that do not produce these goods. Cheater invasion has been proposed as a ‘Trojan horse’ approach to infiltrate pathogen populations with strains deploying built-in weaknesses (e.g., sensitiveness to antibiotics). However, previous attempts have been often unsuccessful because population invasion by cheaters was prevented by various mechanisms including the presence of spatial structure (e.g., growth in biofilms), which limits the diffusion and exploitation of public goods. Here we followed an alternative approach and examined whether the manipulation of public good uptake and not its production could result in potential ‘Trojan horses’ suitable for population invasion. We focused on the siderophore pyoverdine produced by the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa MPAO1 and manipulated its uptake by deleting and/or overexpressing the pyoverdine primary (FpvA) and secondary (FpvB) receptors. We found that receptor synthesis feeds back on pyoverdine production and uptake rates, which led to strains with altered pyoverdine-associated costs and benefits. Moreover, we found that the receptor FpvB was advantageous under iron-limited conditions but revealed hidden costs in the presence of an antibiotic stressor (gentamicin). As a consequence, FpvB mutants became the fittest strain under gentamicin exposure, displacing the wildtype in liquid cultures, and in biofilms and during infections of the wax moth larvae Galleria mellonella, which both represent structured environments. Our findings reveal that an evolutionary trade-off associated with the costs and benefits of a versatile pyoverdine uptake strategy can be harnessed for devising a Trojan-horse candidate for medical interventions.
Sampling insulin in different tissue compartments using microdialysis: methodological aspects
Authors: Högstedt Alexandra , Ghafouri Bijar , Tesselaar Erik , Farnebo Simon
Published: December 2020

Sampling the concentration of insulin in human skin using microdialysis is challenging because of low intracutaneous concentrations and low recovery, presumably due to adsorption of insulin to the microdialysis system. In this study, we aimed to (1) measure how the concentration of insulin varies in three different tissue compartments (intracutaneous, subcutaneous and intravenous) and (2) to study how much insulin is adsorbed to the microdialysis catheter membranes and tubing during a typical microdialysis experiment, both in vivo and in vitro. We hypothesized that (1) the concentration of insulin decreases from the intravenous compartment to the intracutaneous and subcutaneous tissue, and that (2) adsorption of insulin to the microdialysis membrane and tubing impairs the recovery of insulin from the tissue. In this experimental study, microdialysis catheters were inserted intracutaneously, subcutaneously and intravenously in 11 healthy subjects. Systemic endogenous hyperinsulinemia was induced by intake of an oral glucose load. Insulin concentration was measured in the dialysate and in the extracted samples from the catheter membrane and tubings. In vitro microdialysis was performed to investigate the temporal resolution of the adsorption. After an oral glucose load insulin concentration increased intravenously, but not in the intracutaneous or subcutaneous compartments, while glucose, lactate and pyruvate concentrations increased in all compartments. The adsorption of insulin to the microdialysis membrane in vivo was highest in the intravenous compartment (p = 0.01), compared to the intracutaneous and subcutaneous compartments. In vitro, the adsorption to the microdialysis membrane was highest one hour after sampling, then the concentration gradually decreased after three and five hours of sampling. The concentration of insulin in peripheral tissues is low, probably due to decreasing tissue vascularity. Adsorption of insulin to the microdialysis membrane is modest but time-dependent. This finding highlights the importance of a stabilization time for the microdialysis system before sampling tissue analytes.
Rebuild doctor–patient trust in medical service delivery in China
Authors: Du Liang , Xu Jia , Chen Xu , Zhu Xuexue , Zhang Yu , Wu Ruiheng , Ji Haoqiang , Zhou Ling
Published: December 2020

Doctor–patient trust is not strong in China, but studies examining this factor remain insufficient. The present study aimed to explore the effect of doctor–patient communication, medical service quality, and service satisfaction on patient trust in doctors. Five hundred sixty-four patients with tuberculosis participated in this cross-sectional study in Dalian, China. They completed questionnaires assessing socio-demographic characteristics, doctor–patient communication, medical service quality, service satisfaction and patient trust in medical staff. A structural equation model was applied to examine the hypotheses, and all the study hypotheses were supported: (1) doctor–patient communication, medical service quality and service satisfaction were positively associated with building doctor–patient trust; (2) service quality positively mediated the relationship between doctor–patient communication and trust; (3) medical service satisfaction positively mediated the relationship between doctor–patient communication and trust; (4) medical service satisfaction positively mediated the relationship between medical service quality and doctor–patient trust; and (5) medical service quality and service satisfaction were the positively sequential mediators between communication and doctor–patient trust. Based on these findings, improvements in doctor–patient communication, medical service quality, and service satisfaction are the important issues contributing to the rebuilding of doctor–patient trust in medical service delivery.
Selection and validation of experimental condition-specific reference genes for qRT-PCR in Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Li Xinan , Gong Peipan , Wang Bingting , Wang Chao , Li Mengyi , Zhang Yunhui , Li Xiangrui , Gao Haifeng , Ju Jiansong , Zhu Xun
Published: December 2020

Metopolophium dirhodum(Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most common aphid pests of winter cereals. To facilitate accurate gene expression analyses with qRT-PCR assays, the expression stability of candidate reference genes under specific experimental conditions must be verified before they can be used to normalize target gene expression levels. In this study, 10 candidate reference genes inM.dirhodumwere analyzed by qRT-PCR under various experimental conditions. Their expression stability was evaluated with delta Ct, BestKeeper, geNorm, and NormFinder methods, and the final stability ranking was determined with RefFinder. The results indicate that the most appropriate sets of internal controls wereSDHBandRPL8across geographic population;RPL8,Actin, andGAPDHacross developmental stage;SDHBandNADHacross body part;RPL8andActinacross wing dimorphism and temperature;RPL4andEF1Aacross starvation stress;AKandRPL4across insecticide treatments;RPL8andNADHacross antibiotic treatments;RPL8,RPL4,Actin, andNADHacross all samples. The results of this study provide useful insights for establishing a standardized qRT-PCR procedure forM. dirhodumand may be relevant for identifying appropriate reference genes for molecular analyses of related insects.
Simultaneous allergic traits in dogs and their owners are associated with living environment, lifestyle and microbial exposures
Authors: Lehtimäki Jenni , Sinkko Hanna , Hielm-Björkman Anna , Laatikainen Tiina , Ruokolainen Lasse , Lohi Hannes
Published: December 2020

Both humans and pet dogs are more prone to develop allergies in urban than in rural environments, which has been associated with the differing microbial exposures between areas. However, potential similarities in the microbiota, that associate with environmental exposures, in allergic dogs and owners has not been investigated. We evaluated skin and gut microbiota, living environment, and lifestyle in 168 dog-owner pairs. Due to partly different manifestations of allergies between species, we focused on aeroallergen sensitized humans and dogs with owner-reported allergic symptoms. Our results agree with previous studies: dog-owner pairs suffered simultaneously from these allergic traits, higher risk associated with an urban environment, and the skin, but not gut, microbiota was partly shared by dog-owner pairs. We further discovered that urban environment homogenized both dog and human skin microbiota. Notably, certain bacterial taxa, which were associated with living environment and lifestyle, were also related with allergic traits, but these taxa differed between dogs and humans. Thus, we conclude that dogs and humans can be predisposed to allergy in response to same risk factors. However, as shared predisposing or protective bacterial taxa were not discovered, other factors than environmental microbial exposures can mediate the effect or furry dog and furless human skin select different taxa.
Evolution and expansion of the RUNX2 QA repeat corresponds with the emergence of vertebrate complexity
Authors: Newton Axel H. , Pask Andrew J.
Published: December 2020

Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is critical for the development of the vertebrate bony skeleton. Unlike other RUNX family members, RUNX2 possesses a variable poly-glutamine, poly-alanine (QA) repeat domain. Natural variation within this repeat is able to alter the transactivation potential of RUNX2, acting as an evolutionary ‘tuning knob’ suggested to influence mammalian skull shape. However, the broader role of the RUNX2 QA repeat throughout vertebrate evolution is unknown. In this perspective, we examine the role of the RUNX2 QA repeat during skeletal development and discuss how its emergence and expansion may have facilitated the evolution of morphological novelty in vertebrates.
Biomolecular condensates as arbiters of biochemical reactions inside the nucleus
Authors: Laflamme Guillaume , Mekhail Karim
Published: December 2020

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a central player in the assembly of membraneless compartments termed biomolecular condensates. These compartments are dynamic structures that can condense or dissolve under specific conditions to regulate molecular functions. Such properties allow biomolecular condensates to rapidly respond to changing endogenous or environmental conditions. Here, we review emerging roles for LLPS within the nuclear space, with a specific emphasis on genome organization, expression and repair. Our review highlights the emerging notion that biomolecular condensates regulate the sequential engagement of molecules in multistep biological processes.
Experimental reaction rates constrain estimates of ozone response to calcium carbonate geoengineering
Authors: Dai Zhen , Weisenstein Debra K. , Keutsch Frank N. , Keith David W.
Published: December 2020

Stratospheric solar geoengineering (SG) would impact ozone by heterogeneous chemistry. Evaluating these risks and methods to reduce them will require both laboratory and modeling work. Prior model-only work showed that CaCO3 particles would reduce, or even reverse ozone depletion. We reduce uncertainties in ozone response to CaCO3 via experimental determination of uptake coefficients and model evaluation. Specifically, we measure uptake coefficients of HCl and HNO3 on CaCO3 as well as HNO3 and ClONO2 on CaCl2 at stratospheric temperatures using a flow tube setup and a flask experiment that determines cumulative long-term uptake of HCl on CaCO3. We find that particle ageing causes significant decreases in uptake coefficients on CaCO3. We model ozone response incorporating the experimental uptake coefficients in the AER-2D model. With our new empirical reaction model, the global mean ozone column is reduced by up to 3%, whereas the previous work predicted up to 27% increase for the same SG scenario. This result is robust under our experimental uncertainty and many other assumptions. We outline systematic uncertainties that remain and provide three examples of experiments that might further reduce uncertainties of CaCO3 SG. Finally, we highlight the importance of the link between experiments and models in studies of SG.
Gamma-radiation induced synthesis of freestanding nickel nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Yi , Johansson M. , Wiorek A. , Tarakina N. V. , Sayed F. , Mathieu R. , Jonsson M. , Soroka I. L.
Published: December 2020

Freestanding magnetic Ni nanoparticles are obtained by γ-radiation induced synthesis out of aqueous precursor solutions.
Structural analysis of five-coordinate aluminium(salen) complexes and its relationship to their catalytic activity
Authors: Fish Heather , Hart Sam , Lamb Katie J. , North Michael , Quek Sophie C. Z. , Whitwood Adrian C. , Woods Barnaby , Wu Xiao
Published: December 2020

Five-coordinate aluminium(salen) complexes have dynamic structures which interconvert by intramolecular salen ligand rearrangement involving square-based pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal conformations.
Realizing the enhanced cyclability of a cactus-like NiCo2O4nanocrystal anode fabricated by molecular layer deposition
Authors: Fang Jia-Bin , Ren Qiang , Liu Chang , Chen Ji-An , Wu Di , Li Ai-Dong
Published: December 2020

A novel 3D cactus-like core–shell NiCo2O4@Al2O3/carbon composite anode material for LIBs has been successfully fabricated through a MLD-derived route and it delivers an enhanced lithium ion storage performance.
Scalable Gaussian processes for predicting the optical, physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of inorganic glasses with large datasets
Authors: Bishnoi Suresh , Ravinder R. , Grover Hargun Singh , Kodamana Hariprasad , Krishnan N. M. Anoop
Published: December 2020

Scalable Gaussian process for predicting composition–property of glasses with large datasets.
Synthesis and properties of gem-dinitro energetic salts based on 1,2,4-oxadiazole with low impact sensitivity
Authors: Lu Tian , He Yuna , Song Jia , Hou Zhengwen , Yin Hongquan , Fan Guijuan , Chen Fu-Xue
Published: December 2020

The compounds in this study are insensitive to impact and more energetic than TNT, giving new insights into gem-dinitro-derived compounds.
High thermoelectric performance by chemical potential tuning and lattice anharmonicity in GeTe1−xIx compounds
Authors: Back Song Yi , Yun Jae Hyun , Cho Hyunyong , Byeon Seokyeong , Jin Hyungyu , Rhyee Jong-Soo
Published: December 2020

Electronic ZT value with chemical potential for rhombohedral α- (black line) and cubic β-phase (red line) (a) and the temperature-dependent ZT value of GeTe1−xIx compounds with reference data (b).
Surface tensiometry of phase separated protein and polymer droplets by the sessile drop method
Authors: Ijavi Mahdiye , Style Robert W. , Emmanouilidis Leonidas , Kumar Anil , Meier Sandro M. , Torzynski Alexandre L. , Allain Frédéric H. T. , Barral Yves , Steinmetz Michel O. , Dufresne Eric R.
Published: December 2020

Phase separated macromolecules play essential roles in many biological and synthetic systems. We extend sessile droplet tensiometry to work with small quantities of such ultra-low surface tension droplets.
The correlation ofmicroRNA-499rs3746444 T>C locus with the susceptibility of gastric cancer: from a case–control study to a meta-analysis
Authors: Rong Guoxiang , Zhu Yongping , Tang Weifeng , Qiu Hao , Zhang Sheng
Published: December 2020

The relationship between rs3746444 T>C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in microRNA (mir)-499 and risk of gastric cancer (GC) has been widely investigated. However, the association was still unconfirmed. Here, we first recruited 490 GC patients and 1476 controls, and conducted a case-control study. And we did not find any association between rs3746444 T>C SNP polymorphism and risk of GC. Subsequently, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the association of mir-499 rs3746444 polymorphism with GC development. Two authors searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases up to October 15, 2019 independently. Finally, nine literatures involving 12 independent studies were included. In total, 3954 GC cases and 9745 controls were recruited for meta-analysis. The results suggested that allele model, homozygote model and recessive model could increase the risk of overall GC (P = 0.002, 0.009 and 0.013, respectively). When we excluded the studies violated HWE, this association was also found in allele model (P = 0.020) and dominant model (P= 0.044). In subgroup analyses, we identified that rs3746444 SNP in mir-499 increased the risk of GC in Asians and gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (GCA) subgroups. No significant bias of selection was found (all P>0.1). Test of sensitivity analysis indicated that our findings were stable. Additionally, we found that the power value was 0.891 in the allele model, suggesting the reliability of our findings. In summary, our analysis confirmed the association between rs3746444 and the risk of GC, especially in Asians and in patients with GCA.
TRAP: a temporal systematics model for improved direct detection of exoplanets at small angular separations
Authors: Samland M. , Bouwman J. , Hogg D. W. , Brandner W. , Henning T. , Janson M.
Published: December 2020

Context. High-contrast imaging surveys for exoplanet detection have shown that giant planets at large separations are rare. Thus, it is of paramount importance to push towards detections at smaller separations, which is the part of the parameter space containing the greatest number of planets. The performance of traditional methods for the post-processing of pupil-stabilized observations decreases at smaller separations due to the larger field-rotation required to displace a source on the detector in addition to the intrinsic difficulty of higher stellar contamination.

Aims. Our goal is to develop a method of extracting exoplanet signals, which improves performance at small angular separations.

Methods. A data-driven model of the temporal behavior of the systematics for each pixel can be created using reference pixels at a different positions, on the condition that the underlying causes of the systematics are shared across multiple pixels, which is mostly true for the speckle pattern in high-contrast imaging. In our causal regression model, we simultaneously fit the model of a planet signal “transiting” over detector pixels and non-local reference light curves describing the shared temporal trends of the speckle pattern to find the best-fitting temporal model describing the signal.

Results. With our implementation of a spatially non-local, temporal systematics model, called TRAP, we show that it is possible to gain up to a factor of six in contrast at close separations (<3λ∕D), as compared to a model based on spatial correlations between images displaced in time. We show that the temporal sampling has a large impact on the achievable contrast, with better temporal sampling resulting in significantly better contrasts. At short integration times, (4 s) for β Pic data, we increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the planet by a factor of four compared to the spatial systematics model. Finally, we show that the temporal model can be used on unaligned data that has only been dark- and flat-corrected, without the need for further pre-processing.
H II regions and high-mass starless clump candidates
Authors: Zhang S. , Zavagno A. , López-Sepulcre A. , Liu H. , Louvet F. , Figueira M. , Russeil D. , Wu Y. , Yuan J. , Pillai T. G. S.
Published: December 2020

Context. The ionization feedback from H II regions modifies the properties of high-mass starless clumps (HMSCs, of several hundred to a few thousand solar masses with a typical size of 0.1–1 pc), such as dust temperature and turbulence, on the clump scale. The question of whether the presence of H II regions modifies the core-scale (~0.025 pc) fragmentation and star formation in HMSCs remains to be explored.

Aims. We aim to investigate the difference of 0.025 pc-scale fragmentation between candidate HMSCs that are strongly impacted by H II regions and less disturbed ones. We also search for evidence of mass shaping and induced star formation in the impacted candidate HMSCs.

Methods. Using the ALMA 1.3 mm continuum, with a typical angular resolution of 1.3′′, we imaged eight candidate HMSCs, including four impacted by H II regions and another four situated in the quiet environment. The less-impacted candidate HMSCs are selected on the basis of their similar mass and distance compared to the impacted ones to avoid any possible bias linked to these parameters. We carried out a comparison between the two types of candidate HMSCs. We used multi-wavelength data to analyze the interaction between H II regions and the impacted candidate HMSCs.

Results. A total of 51 cores were detected in eight clumps, with three to nine cores for each clump. Within our limited sample, we did not find a clear difference in the ~0.025 pc-scale fragmentation between impacted and non-impacted candidate HMSCs, even though H II regions seem to affect the spatial distribution of the fragmented cores. Both types of candidate HMSCs present a thermal fragmentation with two-level hierarchical features at the clump thermal Jeans length λJ,clumpth and 0.3λJ,clumpth. The ALMA emission morphology of the impacted candidate HMSCs AGAL010.214-00.306 and AGAL018.931-00.029 sheds light on the capacities of H II regions to shape gas and dust in their surroundings and possibly to trigger star formation at ~0.025 pc-scale in candidate HMSCs.

Conclusions. The fragmentation at ~0.025 pc scale for both types of candidate HMSCs is likely to be thermal-dominant, meanwhile H II regions probably have the capacity to assist in the formation of dense structures in the impacted candidate HMSCs. Future ALMA imaging surveys covering a large number of impacted candidate HMSCs with high turbulence levels are needed to confirm the trend of fragmentation indicated in this study.
High-resolution tomography for galaxy spectroscopic surveys with angular redshift fluctuations
Authors: Legrand L. , Hernández-Monteagudo C. , Douspis M. , Aghanim N. , Angulo Raúl E.
Published: December 2020

In the context of next-generation spectroscopic galaxy surveys, new statistics of the distribution of matter are currently being developed. Among these, we investigated the angular redshift fluctuations (ARF), which probe the information contained in the projected redshift distribution of galaxies. Relying on the Fisher formalism, we show how ARF will provide complementary cosmological information compared to traditional angular galaxy clustering. We tested both the standard ΛCDM model and the wCDM extension. We find that the cosmological and galaxy bias parameters express different degeneracies when inferred from ARF or from angular galaxy clustering. As such, combining both observables breaks these degeneracies and greatly decreases the marginalised uncertainties by a factor of at least two on most parameters for the ΛCDM and wCDM models. We find that the ARF combined with angular galaxy clustering provide a great way to probe dark energy by increasing the figure of merit of the w0 − wa parameter set by a factor of more than ten compared to angular galaxy clustering alone. Finally, we compared ARF to the CMB lensing constraints on the galaxy bias parameters. We show that a joint analysis of ARF and angular galaxy clustering improves constraints by ∼40% on galaxy bias compared to a joint analysis of angular galaxy clustering and CMB lensing.
Classification of orbits in three-dimensional exoplanetary systems
Authors: Zotos Euaggelos E. , Érdi Bálint , Saeed Tareq
Published: December 2020

The three-dimensional version of the circular restricted problem of three bodies is utilized to describe a system comprising a host star and an exoplanet. The third body, playing the role of a test particle, can be a comet or an asteroid, or even a small exomoon. Combining the grid classification method with two-dimensional color-coded basin maps, we determine the nature of the motion of the test particle by distinguishing between collision, escaping, and bounded motion. In the case of ordered bounded motion, we also obtain the orientation (retrograde or prograde) as well as the geometry (circulating around one or both of the two main bodies) of the trajectories of the third body, which starts from either the pericenter or apocenter. Following this approach, we are able to systematically explore the dependence of the motion type of the test particle on the initial values of the semimajor axis, eccentricity, and inclination of its orbit.
The outer disc in shambles: Blind detection of Monoceros and the ACS with Gaia’s astrometric sample
Authors: Ramos P. , Antoja T. , Mateu C. , Anders F. , Laporte C. F. P. , Carballo-Bello J. A. , Famaey B. , Ibata R.
Published: December 2020

Context. The Gaia astrometric sample allows us to study the outermost Galactic disc, the halo, and their interface. It is precisely at the very edge of the disc where the effects of external perturbations are expected to be the most noticeable.

Aims. Our goal is to detect the kinematic substructure present in the halo and at the edge of the Milky Way (MW) disc and provide observational constraints on their phase-space distribution.

Methods. We download, one HEALpix at a time, the proper motion histogram of distant stars, to which we apply a wavelet transformation to reveal the significant overdensities. We then analyse the large coherent structures that appear in the sky.

Results. We reveal a sharp yet complex anticentre dominated by Monoceros (MNC) and the Anticentre Stream (ACS) in the north – which we find have intensities comparable to the Magellanic Clouds and the Sagittarius stream – and by MNC South and TriAnd at negative latitudes. Our method allows us to perform a morphological analysis of MNC and the ACS, both of which span more than 100° in longitude, and to provide a high purity sample of giants with which we track MNC down to latitudes as low as ∼5°. Their colour-magnitude diagram is consistent with extended structures at a distance of ∼10−11 kpc that originated in the disc, with a very low ratio of RR Lyrae over M giants, and with kinematics compatible with the rotation curve at those distances or slightly slower.

Conclusions. We present a precise characterisation of MNC and the ACS, two previously known structures that our method reveals naturally, allowing us to detect them without limiting ourselves to a particular stellar type and, for the first time, using only kinematics. Our results will allow future studies to model their chemo-dynamics and evolution, thus constraining some of the most influential processes that shaped the MW.
Phosphine in Venus’ atmosphere: Detection attempts and upper limits above the cloud top assessed from the SOIR/VEx spectra
Authors: Trompet L. , Robert S. , Mahieux A. , Schmidt F. , Erwin J. , Vandaele A. C.
Published: December 2020

Context.Recent detection of phosphine (PH3) was reported fromJames Clerk MaxwellTelescope and Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array observations. The presence of PH3on Venus cannot be easily explained in the Venus atmosphere and a biogenic source located at or within the clouds was proposed.

Aims.We aim to verify if the infrared spectral signature of PH3is present in the spectra of Solar Occultation at Infrared (SOIR). If it is not present, we then seek to derive the upper limits of PH3from SOIR spectra.

Methods.We analyzed the SOIR spectra containing absorption lines of PH3. We searched for the presence of PH3lines. If we did not find any conclusive PH3spectral signatures, we computed the upper limits of PH3.

Results.We report no detection of PH3. Upper limits could be determined for all of the observations, providing strong constraints on the vertical profile of PH3above the clouds.

Conclusions.The SOIR PH3upper limits are almost two orders of magnitude below the announced detection of 20 ppb and provide the lowest known upper limits for PH3in the atmosphere of Venus.
Paiement pour services environnementaux (PSE) et motivations des usagers des terres d’un bassin versant. Cas de l’hydroélectricité à Tolongoina, Madagascar
Authors: Andriamahefazafy Fano , Rakotonirina Albert , Serpantié Georges
Published: December 2020

Un dispositif de paiement pour services environnementaux (PSE) s’appuie sur l’incitation économique directe pour influencer les comportements pro-environnementaux. Nous nous intéressons dans cet article aux facteurs explicatifs des attitudes des usagers des sols impliqués dans un PSE de bassin versant lié à l’hydro-électrification rurale à Madagascar. En effet, malgré des compensations prévisionnelles et effectives largement inférieures aux coûts d’opportunité induits par des restrictions de pratiques agricoles, ainsi que des dysfonctionnements institutionnels en leur défaveur, ces usagers des sols ont signé un contrat PSE de trois ans en 2013 et respecté leurs engagements écologiques et agricoles durant cette période. À travers une approche qualitative, nous montrons que l’interaction entre motivations intrinsèque et extrinsèque liées à l’espérance de meilleures opportunités à venir, aux bénéfices non monétaires et à des considérations sociales et foncières, a comblé la faiblesse de l’incitation économique directe.
Centrifugal pump dynamic simulation experience for waterhammer calculation
Authors: Korelstein Leonid , Tarasevich Vladimir , Yudovina Elena
Published: December 2020

Dynamic model of centrifugal pump with induction motor on the base of Suter curves is described. The model is implemented in surge model of PASS/Hydrosystem software. The ways to provide consistency between transient and steady state flow models are proposed. A rule of thumb is described to preliminarily estimate if pump start-up and shut down can produce significant pressure picks that require detailed simulation.
Computational modelling of flow in a microporous environment of a natural reservoir with consideration of the topological structure
Authors: Filimonov Sergey , Dekterev Alexander , Minakov Andrey
Published: December 2020

The article presents the initial stage of developing a hybrid mathematical model for describing the recovery of oil from a natural sand reservoir. The hybrid model means that part of the computational domain (microchannel structure in the space between particles) is calculated by one- dimensional models is based on the hydraulic circuit theory, and another part (large cracks and caverns) is calculated by computational fluid dynamics methods (CFD). The article also describes a unique algorithm for building a network model based on preliminary CFD calculation. The last section of the article presentation compares of results of calculation CFD and network models.
Problems of Russian heat supply and ways of their solution
Authors: Stennikov Valery , Penkovskii Andrey
Published: December 2020

Heat supply in Russia, most of which is located in a territory with a harsh climate, is the most important social sector of the economy, largely determining the country’s energy security. Over the past period of reforming in the heat supply many problems have accumulated. This is due, first of all, to the lack of effective mechanisms for managing their functioning and development. At the same time, there is every reason to believe that the target model of the heat market adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation not only does not eliminate these problems, but further aggravates the situation
Biological wastewater treatment using regenerated immobilized sludge
Authors: Kulkov Victor N.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this work is to study biological wastewater treatment using air regeneration of immobilized sludge in an aerotank-bioreactor. For the experiment, physical modeling of gas- hydrodynamic processes in aerated wastewater treatment plants was used. An experimental laboratory setup for studying the distribution of activated sludge and the oxidizing capacity of a bioreactor has been developed and installed. Methods for investigating water-air regeneration of synthetic inert loading in a physical model of a bioreactor are described. To determine the concentration of free-floating sludge in the bioreactor, a calibration graph method was used, i.e. the dependence of the concentration of free-floating sludge on the intensity of light passing through the water-sludge mixture was constructed. The kinetics of biological treatment was studied by BOD and oxygen dissolved in wastewater in the presence of two biocenoses of sludge adsorbed on an inert ruff load and floating in a bioreactor. The method of processing the experimental data obtained using luxmeters using a calibration graph allows one to obtain the values of the concentration of free- floating and immobilized sludge in dynamics. It is shown that the periodic regeneration (renewal) of the immobilized sludge makes it possible to increase the rate and depth of wastewater treatment.
Survival durations and behavioural adjustments of two freshwater bivalves (Unio terminalis, Unionida and Corbicula fluminea, Venerida) under two emersion conditions
Authors: Güler Mehmet
Published: December 2020

Freshwater bivalves in shallow waters are often exposed to extended periods of drought and are highly affected due to their limited mobility. Their adaptation to emersion is a key factor for survival, particularly during human-made unnatural water regime fluctuations or short-term droughts. In the current study, survival durations of two freshwater bivalve species (Unio terminalis, Unionidae and Corbicula fluminea, Cyrenidae) were tested under two experimental emersion conditions (presence of water-saturated sediment and without sediment). U. terminalis' mean survival duration more than doubled in the water-saturated sediment treatment (992 h) compared to treatment without sediment (448 h). For C. fluminea, the mean survival duration in the water-saturated sediment treatment (278 h) was over 50% longer than that recorded in the treatment without sediment (174 h). Both species probably made behavioral adjustments according to the environmental conditions to respond to the presence of the water-saturated sediment and maximized their survival chances. In general, U. terminalis survived significantly longer than C. fluminea in both treatments. No effects of size on survival were observed for either species.
Brustkrebs beim Mann – die Sicht der beteiligten Berufsgruppen auf die multiprofessionelle Versorgung einer seltenen Erkrankung
Authors: Ernstmann Nicole , Midding Evamarie , Halbach Sarah , Würstlein Rachel , Weber Rainer , Christmann Sherin , Kowalski Christoph
Published: December 2020

Ziel der Studie Brustkrebs beim Mann ist eine seltene Erkrankung, für die jedoch hochspezialisierte Versorgungsstrukturen zur Therapie des Brustkrebses der Frau zur Verfügung stehen. Bislang ist unbekannt, ob die Ausrichtung der Versorgungsstrukturen auf Frauen zu Defiziten in der Versorgung der betroffenen Männer führt. Daher ist es das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung, mögliche Versorgungsdefizite aus der Perspektive der beteiligten Professionen zu identifizieren.

Methodik Es wurden teilstandardisierte Leitfadeninterviews mit n = 23 Teilnehmer/innen sowie 2 Fokusgruppendiskussionen mit n = 7 bzw. n = 9 Teilnehmer/innen durchgeführt. Die Transkripte der Interviews und Fokusgruppendiskussionen wurden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse mit MAXQDA ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Einige Teilnehmer/innen sehen aufgrund des Erfahrungsmangels eigene Unsicherheiten in der Versorgung von Männern mit Brustkrebs. Häufig wird ein mangelndes Wissen bezüglich der Zuständigkeiten und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten, z. B. bei niedergelassenen Gynäkolog/innen, beklagt. Viele Befragte empfinden eine mangelnde interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit, v. a. in der Nachsorge. Einige Befragte sehen darüber hinaus einen Mangel an spezialisierten Rehabilitationseinrichtungen für Männer mit Brustkrebs.

Schlussfolgerung Männer mit Brustkrebs profitieren trotz der Seltenheit der Erkrankung von den hochentwickelten Strukturen zur Brustkrebsversorgung in Deutschland. Dennoch zeigen sich Versorgungsdefizite aus der Sicht der behandelnden Professionen. Diese Datengrundlage kann in Kombination mit der Perspektive der Betroffenen und weiteren repräsentativen Daten dazu dienen, Praxis-Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung der Versorgungsqualität des männlichen Brustkrebses zu erarbeiten.
Der allumfassende Schmerz und was daraus folgt
Authors: Kloke Marianne
Published: December 2020

Ein im Rahmen einer rasch fortschreitenden und zum Tode führenden Erkrankung auftretendes komplexes Symptomgeschehen indiziert eine spezialisierte Palliativversorgung. Ihre Philosophie basiert auf einer ganzheitlichen Sicht der Menschen und seiner Familie. So kann das multiprofessionelle Team die physische, psychische, soziale und spirituelle Ebene des Leidens gezielt adressieren und für den Patienten ein umfassendes Behandlungs- und Begleitungskonzept erstellen. Wird das bio-psycho-soziale-spirituelle Konzept dessen, was Leiden ausmacht, missachtet, besteht die Gefahr unwirksamer und u.U. sogar gefährlicher Behandlungen. Wie aufwändig und langwierig der Weg zu einer den Bedürfnissen des Patienten entsprechenden Versorgung sein kann und wie viel Empathie und Geduld er seitens der Behandler erfordert, wird an Hand einer Kasuistik einer 57-jährigen Patientin mit einem rasch progredienten Zervixkarzinom dargestellt.