bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Mutu Fisik dan Kimia serta Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Teh Cascara dari Kulit Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.) Asal Papua
Authors: Mangiwa Septiani , Abulais Diana M. , Patiung Oktafani , Nisa Qonita A.
Published: July 2023

Several important chemical components are still present in coffee skin, although they have not yet been put to much use. This study aims to determine the physical and chemical quality as well as the antioxidant activities of cascara tea, which is produced from the skin of Papuan arabica coffee. Coffee skins are gathered by The Highland Roastery CafÃ© from several Papuan coffee producers. Cascara is used to make tea, which is packaged in tea bags after being sun-dried. The analysis of physical and chemical quality is in accordance with SNI 3753: 2014. Physical and chemical quality parameters for tea include the condition of the steeping water, moisture content, ash content, crude fiber, phytochemicals, polyphenols, and caffeine levels. It is possible to measure antioxidant activity using the DPPH technique. The physical and chemical characteristics of cascara tea manufactured from Papuan arabica coffee skins are as follows: typical brewing water conditions, moisture content, total ash content, and crude fiber are all 13.00 Â± 0.11%, 10.96 Â± 0.12%, and 40.55 Â± 0.14%, respectively. Phytochemical screening showed that cascara tea contains alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and polyphenols, with a total polyphenol content of 1.33 Â± 0.05% and caffeine of 0.44 Â± 0.05%. Cascara Papua tea exhibits strong levels of antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 13.96 ppm. Therefore, it can be concluded that cascara tea, which is made from arabica coffee skins from Papua and sun-dried, has a physical and chemical quality that complies with the standards. and can be used as an antioxidant beverage to increase endurance.Â Key words: cascara; coffee skin; arabica coffee; physical and chemical quality; antioxidant.
Analisis Polimorfisme Gen dan Aplikasinya Dalam Klinik
Authors: Mahama Corry N. , Suryandari Dwi A.
Published: July 2023

Gene polymorphism refers to a variation in DNA sequence that occurs in a population with a frequency of 1% or higher. Polymorphism may be a variation in single nucleotide (SNP) or a variation in some repetitive DNA sequences (length polymorphism). Several methods can be used to analyze polymorphism, included Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing from the conventional method to more sophisticated method such as Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), fluorescence in situ hybridization, comparative genomic hybridization, and DNA microarrays. Recently, more studies have been carried out to find the relationship between polymorphism and disease severity or prognosis, response to various drugs, susceptibility to environtmental factors such as toxins, susceptibility to infections and cancers.Key words: DNA; gene polymorphism; PCR; clinic.
Karakteristik Morfofungsi Skelet Ekstremitas Kaki Soa Layar (Hydrosaurus amboinensis)
Authors: Simangunsong Yandri R.N. , Novelina Savitri , Supratikno Supratikno , Cahyadi Danang C. , Nisaâ€™ Chairun , Setijanto Heru , Agungpriyono Srihadi , Nurhidayat Nurhidayat
Published: July 2023

The Sailfin lizard is a lizard that has a semi-aquatic life and has a sail fin on its tail. These lizards can be found in habitats close to water such as rivers, lakes, and estuaries of mangrove forests. This study aimed to observe the morphofunctional characteristic of the appendicular skeleton of Sailfin Lizard (Hydrosaurus amboinensis), associated with their function and behavior. The appendicular skeleton of the Sailfin lizard was studied morphofunctional by observing and measuring the bones that make up the extremities. The naming of bones and their parts is based on the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria 2017 and other journals. The clavicle and interclavicle bones are located anterior to the scapula coracoid which has a convex shape. The patella ulnar bone is found at the humeroulnar joint and the radius et ulna bones have a relatively long antebrachial interosseous space. On the hind legs, the coxal bone has a relatively broad acetabulum, two lunula bones and patellar mineralization are found at the craniodorsal of the femorotibiofibular joint, and tibia et fibula bones have a relatively long crural interosseous space. The palmar part of the carpal bone is found in the palmar sesamoid bone, while the tarsi bones have a fused astragalus and calcaneus bones to become astragalocalcaneus bones. The pedis skeleton's size is relatively long compared to the manus skeleton and has a different middle phalanx bone. The extremity skeletal structure allows the Sailfin Lizard to do movements such as walking, running, climbing, running on water, and swimming.Key words: appendicular skeleton; morphofunction; Sailfin lizard.
Keragaman Fenetik Pisang Lokal yang Dimanfaatkan oleh Masyarakat Sentani Kabupaten Jayapura, Papua
Authors: Zebua Lisye I. , Purnamasari Vita , Ondikeleuw Mariana , Lobo Geofani A.
Published: July 2023

Banana plants are a food source that has good prospects. This is because bananas are very popular with all groups, and are easy to grow in tropical areas. There are many varieties of wild and cultivated bananas that grow in Indonesia, one of which grows around Lake Sentani, causing differences in morphological characters between types and between varieties of bananas. The purpose of this study was to determine the phenetic diversity of local Sentani bananas based on morphological characters. The research was conducted in June-October 2022 in five villages around Lake Sentani, namely Ayapo, Yahim, Kampung Harapan, Doyo and Netar using the exploration method and interviewing key informants. For morphological identification using banana descriptor guidelines from the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). Morphological character data were analyzed in a quantitative descriptive manner using the NTSYs 2.01 application program. The results showed that there were 15 local banana cultivars based on the knowledge of the Sentani people. Based on the phenogram, the local Sentani bananas are grouped into two groups based on the character of the shape, size, color, taste, and color of the organs of the leaves, stems, flowers and fruit. The local banana cultivars have wide phenetic diversity with similarity coefficient values ranging from 20-73%. The closest similarity value is found in Hoyombi and Wabulu cultivars with a similarity value of 73%. The furthest similarity value was found in the Rawo and Anakhola cultivars in group A, and the Olukhu and Honggambu cultivars in group B with a value of 53%.Â Â Key words: diversity; characters; morphology; bananas; Sentani.Â
Dampak Konversi Hutan Menjadi Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Kupu-kupu Superfamili Papilionoidea
Authors: Daawia Daawia , Dianingsih Nurlita
Published: July 2023

The research was conducted in June to August 2022 in Ubiyau Village, Yanamaa Village and Yuwanain Village, Arso District, Keerom, Papua. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of forest conversion to oil palm plantations on the diversity and abundance of the Superfamily Papilionoidea butterfly. The line transect count method was used for sampling butterflies with a transect length of 1500 m at each study area. Sampling was carried out along a line transect in an imaginary box measuring 10 x 10 x 10 m which was carried out on sunny days from 09.00 am to 14.00 pm. The highest species diversity of the Superfamily Papilionoidea was found in Secondary Forest (HS), namely 70 species consisting of Papilionidae (8 species), Pieridae (5 species), Lycaenidae (21 species) and Nymphalidae (36 species). There were 42 species of butterflies recorded from Non-Productive Oil palm Plantations consisting of Papilionidae (5 species), Pieridae (4 species), Lycaenidae (11 species) and Nymphalidae (22 species). While the lowest number of butterfly species was encountered in Productive Oil Palm Plantations namely 32 species consisting of Papilionidae (5 species), Pieridae (3 species), Lycaenidae (8 species) and Nymphalidae (16 species). These data indicated that conversion of secondary forest to oil palm plantations reduced butterfly species by around 40-53%. The highest Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H') and Margalef Diversity Index (Dmg) values were found in secondary forest (H'=3.4; Dmg =13.7) followed by Non-Productive Oil Palm Plantations (H'=2.5; Dmg=7.2) and Productive Oil Palm Plantations (H=2.0; Dmg=6.1). The highest species similarity was between Secondary Forest and Productive Oil Palm Plantations with Sorensen Index value IS=60%, followed by Non-Productive Oil Palm Plantations and Productive Oil Palm Plantations (IS=51%) and the lowest species similarity index was between Secondary Forests and Non-Productive Oil Palm Plantations (IS = 46%). In Secondary Forest the composition of the number of individuals per species tends to be more evenly distributed compared to oil palm plantations. Forest conversion to Oil Palm Plantations has a negative impact on butterfly species diversity of the Superfamily Papilionoidea. The lost species that were not found in oil palm plantations were forest specialist species with small range sizes and niches as well as specific diets that were only found in forest.Â Key words: Papilionidae; primary forest; Pieridae; Nymphalidae; Lycaenidae; Keerom.
Status Mutu Kualitas Udara Ambien Pada Beberapa Kota Besar di Papua Menggunakan ArcGIS
Authors: Setyowati Indah D. , Walukow Auldry F. , Rumahorbo Basa T. , Siallagan Johnson , Medyati Novita
Published: July 2023

The increase in population in recent years has affected the utilization of facilities and infrastructure, including the use of vehicles. For the past 10 years, the population in Papua has increased by around 4.13% per year, resulting in the need for daily mobility to increase. The high mobility demand in Papua could affect the increase in pollution, thus affecting the air quality. Exposure to pollutants in ambient air and environmental noise in the long term will have an impact on human health. Therefore, in this study, we analyze the current conditions of air pollution parameters in several major cities in Papua, such as Jayapura, Merauke, Sentani, and Timika. The method used is a survey. Environmental parameters measured were air content of SO2, NO3, PM 10, PM 2.5, HC, O3, CO, dust, Pb, noise, and The Air Pollutant Standard Index (ISPU) value. Observational data obtained were analyzed and displayed using the ArcGIS program. The parameters for determining the location of sampling points are densely packed highway areas, industrial areas, residential areas, and offices. The results of the study indicated that the ambient air quality in all study sites is below the required quality standard. While the results of environmental noise that exceed the highest quality standards located in specifics area on each study site are as follows, Merauke at PLTD Merauke I PT. PLN Persero with 81.24 dB(A), Sentani at Sentani City Square Roads with 70.2 dB (A), Mimika at Perumahan Pemda SP-2 with 65.30 dB(A), and Sentani at Kantor Bupati Jayapura with 64, 54 dB (A). However, the ISPU value for pollutant substances is still in the range of 0-50, which means that the air quality category is very good to carry any outdoor activities, and does not have any negative impact on humans, animals, or plants.Key words: air quality; noice; ISPU; Papua.
Statuty parafii
Authors: Kaleta Paweł
Published: July 2023

Artykuł ten dotyczy statutu parafii. Parafia, ustanowiona zgodnie z prawem, posiada osobowość prawną na mocy samego prawa (ok. 515 § 3). Natomiast zespół osób lub rzeczy może uzyskać osobowość prawną na podstawie statutów wcześniej zatwierdzonych przez kompetentną władzę kościelną. Autor wyjaśnia, że co do zasady, zarządzanie dobrami kościelnymi jest określone zarówno w prawie powszechnym, jak i w statutach. Dlatego w wykonywaniu aktów nadzwyczajnego zarządzania statuty nie mogą być ignorowane (ok. 1281 § 1). Ustawodawca kościelny wyraźnie stanowi o sporządzeniu własnych statutów, na przykład: konferencja biskupów (kan. 451), instytuty życia konsekrowanego nie mają jednak żadnego odniesienia do obowiązku nadania statutów parafii (kan. 586, 587). Posiadanie statutów parafialnych pozwoliłoby na uszczegółowienie zarządu dobrami kościelnymi, zwłaszcza jeśli chodzi o skuteczność prawa kanonicznego w państwowym porządku prawnym. Aby tego dokonać, statut musi opierać się na ustawie (art. 38 k.c.). Jak dotąd ustawa o stosunku Państwa do Kościoła Katolickiego w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej nie posiada takiego przepisu, zatem należy przedstawić postulat de lege ferenda, aby dodać do ustawy następujące sformułowanie: „sposób działania parafii reguluje jej statut”. Oprócz statutów opartych na ustawie, istnieje również problem jawności przepisów prawnych zawartych w rejestrze sądowym. Ustawa z dnia 20 sierpnia 1997 r. o Krajowym Rejestrze Sądowym nie przewiduje rejestru parafii. Stąd pojawia się drugi postulat de lege ferenda, aby ustawodawca określił zasadę jawności statutu w Krajowym Rejestrze Sądowym.
Respektowanie wartości chrześcijańskich w Polsce w procesie integracji europejskiej. Refleksje na kanwie jubileuszu 1050-lecia Chrztu Polski
Authors: Krukowski Józef
Published: July 2023

Przedmiotem rozważań jest wyjaśnienie zagadnień dotyczących respektowania wartości chrześcijańskich w Polsce w procesie transformacji ustrojowych wiodących od totalitaryzmu komunistycznego do demokracji liberalnej oraz integracji Polski z Unią Europejską. Rozważanie to obejmuje dwie części. W pierwszej części jest wyjaśnienie pojęcia wartości chrześcijańskich, którymi kierują się chrześcijanie; należy w nim wyróżnić dwa podzbiory: 1) zbiór wartości specyficznie chrześcijańskich, który obejmuje wartości teologiczne – prawdy wiary i zasady postępowania zawarte w Objawieniu chrześcijańskim; 2) uniwersalne zasady etyczne, będące podstawą porządku społecznego w państwie demokratycznym, mające genezę w wartościach chrześcijańskich i rozumnej naturze ludzkiej. W drugiej części jest scharakteryzowany problem respektowania wartości chrześcijańskich w życiu publicznym Narodu polskiego w pięciu kolejnych okresach jego dziejów: od Chrztu Mieszka I (966 r.) do III Rzeczypospolitej. Na podstawie zasad zawartych w Konstytucji z 1997 r. Autor wykazuje, że współczesne Państwo polskie jest państwem świeckim, które respektuje chrześcijańskie dziedzictwo Narodu. Natomiast Unia Europejska narzuca mu takie regulacje, które zmierzają do eliminacji wartości chrześcijańskich z życia publicznego.
Międzynarodowa Konferencja Naukowa „Zadanie nauczycielskie Kościoła wobec nowych wyzwań” Łomża, 7-9 września 2015 roku
Authors: Słowikowska Anna
Published: July 2023

Zadanie nauczycielskie Kościoła (de Ecclesiae munere docendi) znajduje się w centrum działalności Kościoła. Jest podstawowym zadaniem, jakie Jego Założyciel – Jezus Chrystus – pozostawił do zrealizowania misji Kościoła, czyli zbawienia dusz. Powiedział: „Idźcie więc i nauczajcie wszystkie narody” (Mt 28,19).
Proceedings for Scientific Advancement as a Special Type of Administrative Procedure. Assumptions and Effects of the Administrative Jurisdiction Model
Authors: Sitek Bronisław , Woźniak Artur
Published: July 2023

This article was presented under the same title at the 26th Congress of the Faculties of Law and Administrative Procedure, “Directions for the Development of Administrative Jurisdiction”. It was held in Poznań on 18-20 September 2022. The authors reflect on the currently adopted solutions for the transfer of legal institutions relevant to general administrative proceedings into specific spheres of social relations. They use the example of human resources development in research area. In this context, the authors cover the genesis of the shaping of the models of these procedures, the essence and role of the reference clauses used to achieve the assumed effects, as well as challenges associated with it. As a consequence, an attempt was made to answer the question of whether the effects of the model of administrative jurisdiction adopted thereby corresponds to its assumptions, or whether it becomes necessary to look for other solutions in this regard.
The Realisation of the Principle of Human Dignity in the Actions of Public Administration – Selected Issues
Authors: Smarż Joanna
Published: July 2023

Human dignity is one of the constitutional values in a number of contemporary states, including Poland. Article 30 of the Polish Constitution says that the inherent and inalienable human dignity is a source of human and civic freedoms and rights. It is inviolable and must be respected and protected by public authorities. Respect for human dignity is expressed as a normative principle or a value that public administration must keep in mind in its operations. Given its universal nature, it determines the way in which people are treated by public administration, which must not only consider but also respect human dignity. Therefore, the state administration should not take action that would violate human dignity and should take action where that dignity is at risk. This obligation becomes the source of the public administration’s special duties concerning the respect for and protection of human dignity.
Legal Aspects Concerning the Need to Distinguish Between the Concepts of “Election” and “Voting”. State de lege lata and Postulates de lege ferenda
Authors: Zych Radoslaw
Published: July 2023

The aim of this paper is to prove the thesis that there is a need to distinguish between the terms “election day” and “voting day”. The following research methods will be used in the study: formal and dogmatic – to show the views of representatives of the legal doctrine, historical and legal in order to analyse documents of the National Electoral Commission and judicial decisions. Apart from the literature, the research is based on the sources of law in chronological order, taking into account their hierarchy. On the basis of terminological differences and linguistic inaccuracies in them, the author proposes to amend the law and formulates specific wording of the proposed provisions, expressing the hope that the results of the research will have an impact on the functioning of a legally aware society.
The Conscience Clause of Service Providers from the Perspective of Legal Security
Authors: Potrzeszcz Jadwiga
Published: July 2023

This paper discusses the issue of legal applicability of the conscience clause with respect to service providers. In the Polish legal order, at the statutory level, currently there are no provisions regarding the conscience clause of service providers. When assessing the issue from the perspective of legal security, the implementation of the abovementioned legal provisions into the Polish legal system appears to be a priority, since it would significantly improve the legal security of both service providers and service recipients.
E-justice in Poland – Polish Experiences
Authors: Wrzaszcz Paweł
Published: July 2023

In his research article, “E-justice in Poland: Polish experience,” the author discusses a relatively important subject that members of the society are likely to face, namely the use of modern Internet technologies and electronic devices in courts. At the outset, the author advances a thesis that today’s societies around the world are no longer able to go without the Internet, social networks, electronic documents, and electronic means of remote communication. This is how people do business and maintain contact today. Technology has become embedded in our civilisation as its natural component. This is no different in the court room where modern communication tools serve citizens. The author looks at the technological solutions through the Polish experience, but also through the European experience, in particular CEPEJ operating under the Council of Europe. The author also addresses the important issue of artificial intelligence and indicates areas in the judicial system where it could be applied effectively. The article aims to stimulate a global discussion on e-justice.
Implementation of the Clergy’s Right to Rest According to the Polish Post-Code Synodal Legislation
Authors: Lewandowski Paweł
Published: July 2023

The right to rest is undoubtedly one of the most fundamental rights of every person. The ecclesiastical legislator regulated this right in the following: Canon 283 para. 2; Canon 395 para. 2; Canon 410; Canon 533 para. 2; Canon 550 para. 3 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law. Thirty-three Polish post-CIC synodal legislators recited code dispositions, promulgating detailed regulations on leaves and days off for members of the clergy. The exercise of the right must always take into account the principle of salus animarum suprema lex.
Healthcare as the State’s Responsibility and Freedom of Conscience and Belief during the First Stage of the Pandemic
Authors: Kostecki Dawid
Published: July 2023

Some time has passed since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, which affords an opportunity to reflect on the condition of the law-making process in Poland. The article attempts to assess the legislation made during the first stage of the epidemic, with special emphasis on restrictions pertaining to the freedom of conscience and belief. The procedure of circumscribing basic human rights and freedoms is discussed in detail, pointing out the necessity to restrict the said freedoms only through a legislative act. The text also addresses sanctions levied on citizens for their failure to comply with epidemic regulations. By sharing specific examples, the author presents an array of behaviours that seem difficult to justify from the perspective of the formal requirements of law-making. Extraordinary conditions in which the state operated at that time only partially justify the absence of proper legal mechanisms. For this reason, it seems imperative to reflect on how to design a proper response to similar threats in the future. It should enable an even distribution of restrictions of civil rights in extreme circumstances.
The Council of Europe’s Support for Ukraine in the Face of the Russian Federation’s Aggression
Authors: Dąbrowska Anna
Published: July 2023

A year will have passed on 24 February 2023 since the Russian Federation invaded Ukraine, violating the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the state and some fundamental norms of international law. Europe faced a grave refugee crisis, the largest since the end of the WW2, in connection with forced population movements – around 14 million were forced to leave their homes. Ukraine is still suffering from the bombing and shelling of its civilians and critical infrastructure, death, destruction, resettlements, and suffering on an unprecedented scale, with no end in sight. Since the beginning of the Russian aggression, Ukraine has been receiving diverse support from other countries or international organisations. The Council of Europe, with Ukraine as a member since 1995, has assisted that nation in many fields.
The Profession of Physiotherapy on the Internal Market of the European Union
Authors: Grzegorczyk Michał
Published: July 2023

The basic legal act governing professional qualification in the European Union (and the countries of the European Economic Area and Belgium) is Directive 2005/36/ EC of the European Parliament and of Council of 7 September 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications. To practise a profession outside the country in which it was earned, a citizen must comply with certain legal requirements. The author discusses the Polish Act on the Profession of Physiotherapist. The EU has established a European Professional Card. Its holder is entitled to the same rights and privileges, as well as assuming obligations, across the EU as in the state in which the profession was learned. In Poland, pursuant to Article 5 of the Act on the Profession of Physiotherapist, the term “physiotherapist” may only be used by a person who has the right to practice the profession, and the professional title itself is protected by law.
Changes in the Labour Code – New Challenges for Employers
Authors: Jurewicz-Bakun Katarzyna
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 epidemic affected the labour market in an unprecedented way and forced employers and employees to switch to remote work. The idea of home office garnered many supporters, both among employers and employees. Remote work during the epidemic was, in many cases, a necessity, and now it is becoming an opportunity and a choice. Although existing in the previous legislation, provisions on remote work were adjusted in response to and following the epidemic and lockdowns. The relevant amendment to the Labour Code offers employers an opportunity to control the sobriety of employees and control the presence of substances having a similar effect to alcohol. This legal solution had been awaited and proposed by employers’ organisations for several years. The article aims to discuss the most important changes in the amended Labour Code and to indicate challenges that employers are soon to face.
Construction Waste Handling after Amendments in Waste Regulations
Authors: Górski Marek
Published: July 2023

Amendments to regulations on waste management effective from 1 January 2022 and associated with the implementation of the idea of circular economy, respond to the requirement of transposing relevant EU regulations. The proposed amendments address, for example, construction waste. They define construction waste and introduce new provisions as well as modifying existing measures related to the management of this waste. They highlight the principles of circular economy. This article assesses the practical value and applicability of these regulations in construction waste management from several points of view. First, re-use of such waste is discussed. Second, end-of-waste regulations are analysed, and so is the possibility of their application in the management of construction waste, especially construction rubble. The study closes with conclusions suggesting specific addendums to existing waste regulations.
Urban Prototyping as a Tool to Enhance Public Participation in Territorial Self-Government
Authors: Wacinkiewicz Daniel
Published: July 2023

The main purpose of the article is to discuss the potential and justification of the crucial role that urban prototyping may play in participatory processes. Satisfaction of the needs of residents who create a self-governing community should be the primary axiological milestone and a goal to be pursued by local governments. Thus, effective and modern management tools should be identified and put in place. The idea that guides one of them, i.e. urban prototyping, is to offer residents an opportunity to resort to various variants of change of the public space before they are ultimately applied in the investment process. Dialogue with residents supported by research, analysis, and tests can help stakeholders realise the consequences of spatial changes around them and then, based on the feedback from residents, design guidelines should be created that best reflect their needs. Thus, residents, through real and multifaceted participatory process, should gain a real, decisive influence over transformation of public spaces.
Review of the textbook “Special Administrative Law” under the editorship of Bernd Wieser, Yaroslav Lazur, Tetyana Karabin, and Oleksandr Bilash
Authors: Melnyk Roman
Published: July 2023

The review concerns the textbook “Special administrative law”, published by the author’s team of the Uzhhorod National University (Ukraine) and the University of Graz (Austria). This is the first textbook on Ukrainian Special administrative law. The review indicates that Special administrative law serves as a fairly new term for Ukrainian juridical science. But this is not just about a transformation in terminology; it is about the establishment of a completely new idea of administrative law. The Special Administrative Law is an approach to the final and irreversible rejection of the Soviet heritage in the content of the national administrative-legal doctrine and its irrevocable orientation to the best European practices.
“Retained Profit” or Making an Additional Contribution to the Company and the Possibility to Recognize Tax Deductible Expenses on Account of Notional Interest – Interpretation Difficulties under Article 15cb of the Corporate Income Tax Act
Authors: Mańczyk Paweł
Published: July 2023

The subject of the study is CIT tax relief regulated by Article 15cb of the CIT Act (known as interest relief). This relief provides for additional tax deductible expenses, even though no expenses were incurred in the amount of multiplication result of additional capital contribution made to the company and/or profit contributed to the company’s reserve capital or supplementary capital and NBP’s reference rate applicable on the last working day of the year preceding the fiscal year increased by 1 percentage point. The author presents eleven interpretation doubts that arose during the four years of the relief being in force. Most of the doubts concerned individual tax decisions issued by the Director of the National Tax and Customs Information Office. The author subjects these interpretations to a critical assessment, presenting his own opinion, sometimes different from that of the tax authorities.
The European Standard of Legal Gender Recognition
Authors: Kwiatkowski Paweł
Published: July 2023

The author in his analysis focuses on two subjects. The first one is the history of legal gender recognition as a European standard followed by the analysis of the connections between legal gender recognition and the right to have medical treatment reimbursed by insurance, right to marriage, right to have children and protection against discrimination. The second one is related to the analysis of the margin of appreciation that States-Parties to the Convention enjoy in regulating conditions for the admissibility to request the recognition of one’s gender identity. Presented analysis lead to a conclusion that European standard of legal gender recognition is defined in negative way by limiting the margin of appreciation that States-Parties to the Convention enjoy in regulating conditions for the admissibility to request the recognition of one’s gender identity.
Judge’s Recusal as One of the Guarantees of Fair Criminal Trial. A few Remarks in the Context of Articles 40 and 41 of the Polish Penal Code
Authors: Kruk Ewa
Published: July 2023

The article presents the issue of recusal of a judge as one of the guarantees of a fair criminal trial. The author presented in the first part of the text the question of recusal of a judge under Articles 40 and 41 of the Code of Criminal Procedure in historical perspective. Looking from that perspective, she analysed the fundamental context of recusal of a judge in view of procedural principles, namely the impartiality and independence of the judge, and the function of judge’s recusal. Finally, she presented conclusions for the currently applicable law and proposals for the law as it should stand and the consequences of admitting a judge affected by recusal under Article 40(1) or (3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure.
An Optimized Solution to Multi-Constraint Vehicle Routing Problem
Authors: Nawaz Asif , Rashid Rana Muhammad Rizwan , Mustafa Ghulam
Published: July 2023

A Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a Non-Polynomial Hard Category (NP-hard) problem in which the best set of routes for a convoy of vehicles is traversed to deliver goods or services to a known set of customers. In VRP, some constraints are added to improve performance. Some variations of VRP are Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demands (VRPSD), Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Window (VRPTW), Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem (DVRP), and Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery (VRPSPD) where vehicle and routes have multiple constraints. Swarm intelligence is a well-used approach to solve VRPs. Moreover, different hybrid combinations of global and local optimization techniques are also used to optimize the said problem. In this research, an attempt is made to solve CVRP with VRPSD by using two different hybridized population-based approaches, that is, the Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The experiments showed the accuracy of  the improved CVRP that is superior to one obtained by using other classical versions and better than the results achieved by comparable algorithms. Besides, this improved algorithm can also improve search efficiency.
Feature Based Techniques for a Face Recognition using Supervised Learning Algorithms based on Fixed Monocular Video Camera
Authors: Isra Anwar  , Syed Farooq Ali  , Ahmad Jameel , Sumaira Zafar  , Malik Tahir Hassan
Published: July 2023

Automatic face recognition has ample significance in biometric research. Recent decades have witnessed enormous growth in this research area. Face-based identification is always considered more expedient as compared to other biometric authentications owing to its uniqueness and wide acceptance. The major contribution of this work is twofold; firstly, it comprises an extension of manual thresholding feature-based face recognition approach to an automatic feature-based supervised learning face recognition. Secondly, various new feature sets are proposed and tested on several classifiers for 2, 3, 4, and 5 persons. In addition, the use of slope features of facial components, such as the nose, right eye, left eye, and lips along with other conventional features for face recognition is also a unique contribution of this research. Multiple experiments were performed on the UMT face database. The results demonstrated a comparison of 5 different sets of feature-based approaches on 7 classifiers using the metrics of time efficiency and accuracy. They also depicted that the proposed approaches achieve a percentage accuracy of up to 95.5%.
Comparative Analysis of Breast Cancer Detection using Cutting-edge Machine Learning Algorithms (MLAs)
Authors: Rana Tanzeel Sultan , Saleem Imran , Rao Rabia Naseer , Shabbir Maryam , Chaudhry Laiba Wahid
Published: July 2023

Recently, machine learning techniques have gained popularity for the medical diagnosis. Medical professionals use this approach to learn and detect the abnormalities of life-threatening chronic diseases. The increasing use of ML approaches may be due in part to better disease diagnosis enabled through improved symptom detection. The current study deployed different machine learning algorithms, including Decision Trees (DT), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), classifiers Multilayer Perceptron (MP), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) for early predictions and symptoms of the disease. These models were  capable of differentiating between benign and harmful cancer cells Benign tumours, which were non-cancerous and in most cases, non-lethal  were mostly confined to the area from where they originated, however, it was observed that malignant cancer can start with abnormal cell growth in the human body. This abnormal cell growth can quickly spread to nearby tissues, which can cause infiltration of adjacent cells, resulting in a potentially fatal condition. Thereby, it was observed that Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) model provided the highest accuracy percentage of 86% when compared with all the other techniques in association with the accuracy rate of the models
Impact of Social Media Platforms on the Learning Habits of University Students
Authors: Rana Abdul Shakoor , Farooqi Muhammad Tahir Khan , Ahmad Shehzad
Published: July 2023

The current study aims to find out the effects of social media sites on the academic performance of university students. Social media has been globally the major source of communication between individuals. Social media includes Cell phones, Facebook, Tick-talk, YouTube, Twitter, Myspace, Instagram, Skype, Tumblr, and many other social media platforms. Researchers all over the world have varied findings on the effect of social media on the academic performance of university students. The current study deployed a survey methodology by filling questionnaires from the respondents, regarding the usage of social media and its effects on the academic performance of students. For this purpose, two hundred students of the social sciences department enrolled in the BS program were the sample for the current study. Data were collected using an adapted questionnaire and for the analysis of data, AMOS Software version 24 was applied to develop a model. This model was developed to represent, the effect of social media on student academic achievement at the university level. The finding indicated study found that social networking media significantly affect the academic performance of university students. With this data, it is recommended that the administration must regulate the proper time usage of SMN by the students to save them from the destruction of excessive media usage.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Energy Volatility, and Output Volatility Nexus: A Global Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Arshad Huma , Majeed Muhammad Tariq
Published: July 2023

The current research contributes to the literature by evaluating the influence of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), energy volatility, and output volatility on global economies over the time period 1971-2020. The analysis was based on panel dataset for 154 nations. For empirical analysis, the study used pooled OLS, fixed effects, and random effects models including 2SLS and GMM methods. Moreover, to ensure the stability of the findings, the study ran a series of robustness analyses. The results suggested that ICT mitigates economic instability and output volatility. Energy use volatility, on the other hand, yielded considerable positive and statistically significant outcomes and augmented output volatility. This study provides important policy recommendations for implementing ICT-enabled technologies. Moreover, it is advised that the government should promote ICT technologies which result in lower volatility and protracted development of the economy.
Three Axis Kinematics Study for Motion Capture Using Augmented Reality
Authors: Majid Muhammad Imran , Ali Gauhar  , Aamir Rasool
Published: July 2023

MoCap (Motion Capture) refers to the process of tracking, processing, recording, and translating real-worldmotions into a 3D model. MoCap provides vital realism to animal and human motion not only in entertainmentbut also in other sectors. It is also frequently used in Medical Motion Therapy, robotics, Augmented Reality(AR), and Virtual Reality (VR). In addition to the well-known optical techniques, appropriate systems based onInertial Measurement Unit (IMUs) , the rapid advancement of technology in the manufacture of such IMUsenables the development of compact sensors that may be worn on the body and send motions to a host computer.IMU can estimate the orientation of a rigid body. To compute orientation, IMU technology employs data fromthree sensors: a magnetometer, an accelerometer, and a gyroscope. The movement of any object can bemonitored multiple IMU devices. This study describes the design and execution of a real-time motion capturesystem and a six-degree-of-freedom tracking system using COTS and reduced noise. This includes the generalassembly of the hardware components and the software-side analysis of the obtained motion data and itsimplementation to a 3D model. The proposed design prioritizes flexibility and usability. The results of six DoFs,the overall noise filtration percentages of the system is 10.924 and 40.787 for Gyroscope and Accelerometerrespectively and tracking real-time motion capture reveal that our prototype is competent to collect the valuesof motion parameters and track the motion of objects that can be mated with digital characters on the virtualscreen using AR or VR. Several high-end cameras, as well as unique clothes are required. That makes mocaptechnologies prohibitively expensive. The primary objective for this effort is to investigate a more cost-effectiveand less noisy way to capture movement / postures more accessible to a broader variety of people.
Tirkah Distribution Obligation Rules According to Fiqh Al-Awlawiyyat
Authors: Zainal Muttaqin  , Zubir
Published: July 2023

Fiqh al-awlawiyyat merupakan ilmu untuk meletakkan sesuatu pada posisinya dengan berbagai standar (dhawabith al-awlawiyyat) yang digunakan. Beberapa standar itu dilihat dari berbagai aspek seperti tingkat kemaslahatan, menjauhkan mudharat, dan efisiensi waktu pelaksanaan. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian pustaka dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah studi deskriptif analisis dengan sumber primer berupa literasi mengenai fiqh al-awlawiyyat. Sumber sekunder yang digunakan adalah literasi yang membahas tentang fiqh dan ushul al-fiqh yang relevan dengan variabel penelitian. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa tertib kewajiban distribusi tirkah harus memiliki urutan tertib yaitu; kewajiban distribusi hak harta bersama, kewajiban distribusi biaya pengurusan jenazah, kewajiban distribusi biaya pelunasan utang mayit, kewajiban distribusi wasiat, dan kewajiban distribusi harta warisan.
Implementasi Sistem Pengelolaan Dana Sosial Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Di Baitul Maal As’Adiyah Wonomulyo
Authors: Asia Nur , Anwar Nurfiah , Wardy Putra Trisno
Published: July 2023

Baitul Maal wa Tanwil serves as one of the fund-raisers from the community to be managed as a benefit of its members, among others, by providing credit facilities based on Islamic economic principles. At the practical level, there are several concrete cases related to alleged corruption of social fund assistance caused by acts of abuse of authority, one of which is the corruption case of social fund assistance in West Java involving the regional apparatus. This study aims to find out how the implementation of the social fund management system in the welfare of the community in Baitul Mal As'adiyah Wonomulyo. This article is included in field research with a qualitative approach. The results of the research on the existence of Baitul Maal As'adiyah have a role and benefits in helping to improve the surrounding micro, small and medium enterprises, namely by collecting Zakat, Infaq, and Shodaqoh funds from the community and then distributed to 8 asnaf and those who are entitled to receive them in the context of poverty alleviation efforts. In addition, the existence of Baitul Maal As'adiyah is able to minimize the space for loan sharks whose existence is very detrimental to small businesses
Legal Certainty of P-IRT Through the BPOM Post Market in View of Law Number 8 of 1999 Concerning Consumer Protection
Authors: Yustino Aribawa Muhammad , Octarina Nynda Fatmawati
Published: July 2023

Beredarnya produk olahan dari industri rumah tangga saat ini menjadikan sertifikasi standardisasi produk penting sebagai upaya perlindungan masyarakat. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kepastian hukum P-IRT dan pos pasar BPOM sebagai upaya perlindungan konsumen. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yuridis normatif yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan dengan pendekatan analitis. Spesifikasi yang digunakan adalah deskriptif konseptual. Data yang akan digunakan adalah data sekunder termasuk perundang-undangan dan literatur yang relevan dengan P-IRT dan Post Market BPOM. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh hasil bahwa penerapan P-IRT berdasarkan Peraturan BPOM Nomor 22 Tahun 2018 dapat menjadi perlindungan bagi masyarakat dari produk berbahaya. Sebagai tanggung jawab pengawasan terhadap produk yang telah diberikan sertifikat P-IRT, maka pelaksanaan pengawasan pos pasar oleh BPOM atas dasar pelaksanaan Peraturan BPOM Nomor 9 Tahun 2020 sebagai bentuk perlindungan hak konsumen sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Dalam penerapannya, keduanya menunjukkan kepastian hukum yang jelas bagi konsumen.
Comparison of Notary Deed and Certificate of Relinquishment of Land Rights by The Head of The Land Office in The Process of Releasing Land Rights for Private Interests
Authors: Hariani Hesti , Adjie Habib
Published: July 2023

Permohonan Pelepasan Hak Atas Tanah yang dilakukan oleh pihak swasta kerap kali memunculkan sengketa. Hal tersebut adalah turunan dari perbedaan kekuatan hukum tanda bukti Akta Pelepasan Hak Atas Tanah yang dibuat oleh Kepala Kantor Pertanahan dan Surat Pernyataan Pelepasan Hak Atas Tanah yang dibuat oleh Kepala Kantor Pertanahan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh pengetahuan empiris tentang perbandingan antara akta notaris dengan Surat Keterangan Pelepasan Hak Atas Tanah oleh Kepala Kantor Pertanahan dalam proses pelepasan hak atas tanah untuk kepentingan swasta. Artikel ini tergolong dalam penelitian pustaka dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah studi yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian menerangkan bahwa dalam proses pembuktian pelepasan hak atas tanah untuk kepentingan pribadi digunakan akta notaris yang merupakan Akta Otentik dan pernyataan yang dibuat dihadapan Kepala Kantor Pertanahan.
Tinjauan Ekonomi Syariah Terhadap Penggunaan E-Wakaf Serta Perannya Dalam Mendorong Generasi Muda Berwakaf
Authors: ‘Ula Tajul , Alwin Abdillah Muhammad
Published: July 2023

The potential of waqf as one of the asset instruments of Muslims in Indonesia has a great opportunity in sustainable economic development in the era of rapid technological development. These potentials and opportunities prompted this research to be carried out with the aim of knowing the perspective of Sharia economic law on collecting cash waqf funds through the use of Fintech or what is familiarly called E-Waqf. Furthermore, how this application encourages the interest of the younger generation in waqf and the factors that influence it. This article is classified as a literature research with a qualitative approach as the basis. The methodology used is a juridical-normative study for the review of E-Waqf law, and a qualitative method in mapping the interest of millennials in waqf. The results of this study show that the use of E-Waqf in waqf is allowed with several conditions that must be met. Meanwhile, the interest of the younger generation in waqf through E-Waqf is still relatively low. This is due to the lack of trust of the younger generation in waqf institutions that manage waqf assets
Peramalan Jumlah Wisatawan Mancanegara di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur Menggunakan Fuzzy Backpropagation Neural Network
Authors: Aprilianti Rina , Purnamasari Ika , Prangga Surya
Published: July 2023

Latar   Belakang: Pariwisata merupakan salah satu bidang ekonomi yang menjadi sumber penerimaan devisa bagi negara. Banyaknya wisatawan merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan pariwisata. Sepanjang tahun 2021, jumlah wisatawan mancanegara di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur mengalami penurunan. Penurunan tersebut merupakan dampak dari mewabahnya COVID-19. Peneliti melakukan peramalan jumlah wisatawan mancanegara di Kalimantan Timur menggunakan Fuzzy Backpropagation Neural Network (FBPNN) guna mengantisipasi kenaikan maupun penurunan jumlah wisatawan di masa mendatang. FBPNN adalah metode peramalan Neural Network (NN) yang menggunakan algoritma pembelajaran backpropagation dimana nilai input dan output-nya berupa derajat keanggotaan himpunan fuzzy.
Tujuan: Meramalkan jumlah wisatawan mancanegara di Kalimantan Timur pada bulan Januari 2022 sampai dengan Mei 2022.
Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah Fuzzy Backpropagation Neural Network (FBPNN).
Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil prediksi FBPNN dengan proporsi 80%:20% untuk data training diperoleh Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) sebesar 113,61 sedangkan untuk RMSE data testing dipeoleh adalah sebesar 108,45.
Kesimpulan: Adapun kesimpulan penelitian yaitu metode Fuzzy Backpropagation Neural Network dapat digunakan untuk meramalkan jumlah wisatawan dengan nilai RMSE yang dihasilkan oleh data testing lebih kecil jika dibandingkan dengan nilai RMSE yang dihasilkan oleh data training.