bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Non-Adaptive Design Doctrine in Evolutionary Thought
Authors: Hunter Cornelius
Published: April 2021

Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution was, to a certain extent, influenced and shaped by external factors, including the milieu of ideas in the early-nineteenth century, regarding how the natural world should be understood. Therefore, these ideas and their influences have received considerable attention. The role of non-adaptive design ideas, however, has not been fully explored. In particular, Darwin’s requirement and rejection of the religious doctrines of adaptive and non-adaptive design, respectively, are important and often unappreciated. Here, I analyze these ideas and how they influenced Darwin’s theory of evolution. I find they played an important role in both his theory development and justification, revealing a core theological belief in Darwin’s theory; namely, that the creator would not create non-adaptive designs. This paper explores this belief and its context.
Electrochemical Detection of Glucose Molecules Using Laser-Induced Graphene Sensors: A Review
Authors: Gao Jingrong , He Shan , Nag Anindya
Published: April 2021

This paper deals with recent progress in the use of laser-induced graphene sensors for the electrochemical detection of glucose molecules. The exponential increase in the exploitation of the laser induction technique to generate porous graphene from polymeric and other naturally occurring materials has provided a podium for researchers to fabricate flexible sensors with high dynamicity. These sensors have been employed largely for electrochemical applications due to their distinct advantages like high customization in their structural dimensions, enhanced characteristics and easy roll-to-roll production. These laser-induced graphene (LIG)-based sensors have been employed for a wide range of sensorial applications, including detection of ions at varying concentrations. Among the many pivotal electrochemical uses in the biomedical sector, the use of these prototypes to monitor the concentration of glucose molecules is constantly increasing due to the essentiality of the presence of these molecules at specific concentrations in the human body. This paper shows a categorical classification of the various uses of these sensors based on the type of materials involved in the fabrication of sensors. The first category constitutes examples where the electrodes have been functionalized with various forms of copper and other types of metallic nanomaterials. The second category includes other miscellaneous forms where the use of both pure and composite forms of LIG-based sensors has been shown. Finally, the paper concludes with some of the possible measures that can be taken to enhance the use of this technique to generate optimized sensing prototypes for a wider range of applications.
The impact of harmful industrial factors on the reproductive health of workers in chemical production
Authors: Vorobyova Alena Alekseevna , Vlasova Elena Mikhailovna , Leshkova I. V.
Published: April 2021

In order to solve the demographic problems of the Russian Federation, the urgent task is to develop medical and preventive technologies for managing the reproductive health risks of chemical workers, and to reduce the risk of male and female infertility. 82 workers of chemical industries were examined. The indicators of specific hormonal status, immunological, genetic, parameters of functional studies, including the reproductive system, were studied. Class of working conditions by chemical factor 3.1 («harmful» with degree of harmfulness 1). In the structure of somatic diseases in women, endocrine pathology predominated (60 % of women in the observation group and 24 % of the comparison group), in men), inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system (41.1 % and 46.6 %, respectively). Gynecological pathology in workers exposed to harmful chemicals was found 2 times more often than in the comparison group. Workers in the observation group revealed polymorphism of genes responsible for reproductive function. When exposed to a chemical factor, immunological disorders are formed in the form of a decrease in activation markers CD95 +, CD25 + (p < 0.05); disorders of neuroendocrine regulation, hormonal dysfunction (decreased FSH in women and decreased testosterone, antisperm antibodies in men); increased content of tumor markers (CA-125 and CA-153); functional changes in the thyroid gland, structural changes in blood vessels, impaired reproductive function. Thus, exposure to production chemical factors of even low intensity contributes to the formation of hormonal and endocrine disorders, is an additional risk factor for miscarriage and the development of secondary infertility.
Occupational diseases of chemical etiology at the enterprises in the Russian Arctic
Authors: Syurin Sergey Alekseevich
Published: April 2021

Chemicals are among the most common harmful production factors causing occupational pathology among workers in various industries. The purpose of the study was to investigate the conditions of development, prevalence and structure of occupational diseases of chemical etiology among employees of enterprises in the Russian Arctic. Materials and methods. The analysis included results of the monitoring study «Working conditions and occupational morbidity» of the population of the Arctic zone of Russia in 2007–2018. Results. It was established that in 2007–2018, at the enterprises in the Arctic, the share of chemicals in the structure of harmful production factors was 8.0 %, and their impact was associated with the development of 7.7 % of cases of occupational pathology mainly among metallurgists of nickel and miners of mining enterprises. The risk of contact with harmful chemicals in 2007 was higher than in 2018: RR = 1.40; CI 1.38–1.43; p < 0.0001. Most often, the development of occupational diseases was caused by water-insoluble nickel compounds (40.6 %) and nickel hydroaerosols (27.2 %). The structure of the pathology of chemical etiology was dominated by chronic bronchitis (43.2 %), intoxication with metals and gases (19.3 %) and bronchial asthma (19.0 %). Acute forms of intoxication occurred mainly in miners exposed to carbon oxides (84.6 %), and chronic ones when in metallurgists exposed to nickel compounds (88.2 %). In 2007–2018, there was a decrease in the number of occupational diseases of chemical etiology. The risk of their development in 2007–2009 was higher than in 2016–2018: RR = 1.49; CI 1.21–1.83; χ2 = 14.7; p = 0.0001. Conclusion. To reduce the risk of occupational intoxications, first of all, it is necessary to reduce exposure to nickel compounds and carbon oxides by means of the technical modernization of production and use of modern personal protective equipment for workers.
Dynamics of change monitoring of sanitary and chemical indicators of water quality in springs in the subarid region by the model of Saratov region
Authors: Savina Ksenia Aleksandrovna , Ivanov Dmitry Evgenievich , Mikerov Anatoly Nikolayevich , Spirin Vladimir Fedorovich , Kosarev Anton Valerievich , Konkova Margarita Nikolaevna , Chekmizov Victor Aleksandrovich , Cherkasskaya Tatyana Sergeevna , Minaeva Margarita Evgenievna
Published: April 2021

Springs on the right Bank of the Saratov region can be considered as a predictive model of changes in the chemical composition of spring water in a warming climate. The 14 sources most demanded by the population were identified. The probable causes of the detected deviations in the investigated sanitaryhygienic indicators are also described. The research period is 2016–2019. The sources are located on the territory of the right Bank of the Saratov region, including the city of Saratov. We determined the flow rate and type of sources, the water temperature in them, the presence of captage and sanitary protection zones, the chemical composition of water in terms of smell, taste, color, turbidity, pH, total hardness, total mineralization, Cl, SO4 2-, NO3 , NO2 , NH3 , Pb2+, Cd2+, Fecom, Mncom, Crcom, Ascom. We found that 35 % of samples do not meet the requirements of sanitary standards. Deviations were detected in terms of color, turbidity, total hardness, manganese, chlorides, nitrates, and cadmium. The dynamics of changes in chemical indicators of water quality in all surveyed sources was studied. In 6 of them, from 2016 to 2019, an increase in the level of hardness and total mineralization was revealed. The highest concentrations of the studied substances were recorded in the spring period (flood). An increase in the concentration of manganese was observed in 6 sources. In one of them, in March 2017, the critical value of this indicator was recorded (22 MPC). The necessity of using springs by the population as alternative sources of water supply for drinking purposes is analyzed. To identify the demand for springs in the city of Saratov, a survey of 535 people was conducted directly at the sampling sites. The conducted survey of the population indicates the confidence of the population in the quality of spring water. The probable causes of the detected excess are described. A comparison of our results with available data from 2009–2016 indicates a deterioration in the water quality of the surveyed sources.
Christianity on the Bosporus in the III–VI centuries
Authors: Vandyshev A.
Published: April 2021

Historically, the Christian archeological monuments discovered in the territory of modern Kerch and the ancient Bosporus state are considered, as well as their significance for the study of the dissemination of Christianity in the Crimea (Tavrida).
Analysis of the evolution of culture
Authors: Petrova S.
Published: April 2021

The paper is devoted to the analysis of determinants and sources of culture. If earlier certain cultural values have not changed for many centuries, determining the existence of more than one generation, now several cultural eras alternate throughout one life. The transition to a post-industrial society leads to a transformation in the spiritual sphere and the emergence of mass culture. It is shown that the starting point for the philosophical reflection of mass culture should be beyond the consideration of this phenomenon only as a phenomenon of artistic life of "people of mass culture" and the definition of its conditionality from the development of culture of society as a whole.
«The exponent of the moral principles of his era, his people»: to the 115th anniversary of the People's artist of the USSR Yuri Vladimirovich Tolubeyev
Authors: Lazarev S.
Published: April 2021

The paper is devoted to the Soviet actor of theater and cinema Yuri Vladimirovich Tolubeyev (1906–1979). His life and career are traced, the most famous works are mentioned. The materials of the Russian state archive of literature and art (Moscow) and the Central state archive of literature and art (St. Petersburg) are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the most interesting of which are letters addressed to the actor from grateful spectators with reviews of his work.
Corruption in the cultural dynamics of society
Authors: Tymoschuk A. , Trofimova N.
Published: April 2021

Corruption is by no means the latest phenomenon inherent only in modern society. In duration, its history is not inferior to the history of all human civilization. Therefore, the study of the features of this phenomenon, as well as centuries of experience in countering this vice, is an indispensable condition for the scientific knowledge of this sociocultural phenomenon.
Fisheries research of the Pyasina river basin
Authors: Zadelenov Vladimir Anatolievich , Forina Yulia Yurievna
Published: April 2021

At the end of April 2020, the largest man — made disaster in the Russian Arctic occurred-a diesel fuel spill in Norilsk. Oil products on the Ambarnaya river got to the lake. Pyasino (source of the river of the same name). To determine the extent of damage to the aquatic ecosystem of the Pyasina basin, it is necessary to know the nature and direction of previous research in the fisheries field. The aim of the work is to analyze the available open source publications in the field of fisheries research in the Pyasina basin. The history of ichthyological and hydrobiological studies of the Pyasina river basin (a large watercourse on the Taimyr Peninsula) is considered. Information is provided that the basin of this river is poorly studied in terms of fisheries due to its location beyond the Arctic circle. The chronology of fisheries research from the Foundation of the Yenisei ichthyological laboratory (Krasnoyarsk) in 1908 to 2020 is given. It is noted that the greatest interest in studying the basin of this river is shown in connection with the development of the Norilsk mining and metallurgical combine and the organization of the Federal state budgetary institution «United Directorate of Taimyr reserves». The role of individual scientific organizations in the study of water ecosystems of the Pyasina river basin is shown. The most significant contribution to the fisheries survey of the river basin was made by the Siberian scientific fisheries station (now the Krasnoyarsk branch of the all-Russian research Institute of fisheries and Oceanography), MSU, TSU. The publications of employees of these organizations contain materials on the study of phytoplankton and zooplankton, zoobenthos, their production characteristics, the biology of a number of species, the Stingray of larvae, features of the development of semi-passable ichthyofauna, materials on the genetic features of individual populations of whitefish, biological and morphological features of whitefish and char fauna, fish Parasitology, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and others. Information is provided on the number of zooplankton species and forms, including 28 forms. It is shown that the composition of the ichthyofauna of the river basin to date, 38 species of fish are known.
Results of ichtiological studies in the deep-water section of the Yellow River — a potentially possible winter pit
Authors: Chekhomov S. P. , Barabanov V. V. , Vasilieva L. M.
Published: April 2021

Wintering pits of semi-passable and river fish on the Lower Volga have historically had a protected status that prohibits any fishing in their waters. The wintering period is important in the life of semi-migratory and river fish, and directly affects the formation of their stocks. The process of pit formation in the Volga Delta is continuous. At the same time, some of the pits lose their fishing significance over time, while others, newly formed, on the contrary, have mass accumulations of fish, especially in the pre-winter and winter periods. The aim of the work was to study the structure of the fish population in the deep-water section of the river-a potential wintering pit. The seasonal and spatial dynamics of the species composition of the fish population, their concentrations in the pit and in the adjacent riverbed are shown. It is noted that the studied area is a typical wintering pit of the Volga river Delta, where common catfish Silurus glanis (Linnaeus, 1758), carp Cyprinus carpio carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) and walleye Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758), which form the basis of research (control) catches (more than 90%), lie for the winter. High indicators of the relative number of fish were observed throughout the study period, which indicates a high productivity of the deep-water object, in terms of the formation of pre-winter and winter concentrations, which is associated with favorable conditions for wintering semi-passable and river fish (depth, flow rates, etc.). The Pit meets the developed ichthyological criterion and is a place of mass concentrations of fish suitable for wintering. In order to preserve and restore the resource potential of the Lower Volga, the winter pit on the Yellow river should be recommended for inclusion in the List of winter pits of the fishing Regulations for the Volga-Caspian fisheries basin (Astrakhan region). The protected status of the site will allow you to remove the winter pit from the fishing zone, including Amateur fishing, preventing its looting in the future
The content of nonspecific immune complexes and the level of oxidative processes in the organs of the goldfish of the Don River
Authors: Mikryakov Daniil Veniaminovich , Moskalenko Nikita Nikolaevich , Sokolova Alexandra Sergeevna
Published: April 2021

The study of the content of immune complexes, products of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in the goldfish Carassius auratus inhabiting the r. Don. Fish were caught in the water area of the city of Kalacha-na-Donu, about 13 lock of the Volga-Don canal and downstream. Analysis of the results showed insignificant differences in size and weight parameters. A visual examination on the body of crucians living downstream revealed reddening of the skin and ulcers near the caudal, abdominal and dorsal fins, indicating symptoms of peptic ulcer disease. Significant differences in the content of nonspecific immune complexes and the level of malondialdehyde between fish caught at different stations were recorded. The high content of immune complexes in the kidney and spleen extracts of the crucian carp inhabiting the area of the 13 gateway indicates a violation of the mechanisms for the elimination of these complexes. An increase in the level of immune complexes indicates the presence of pathological and autoimmune processes in fish. The highest indicators of malondialdehyde were recorded in the organs of fish living in the area of the 13th lock and downstream of the river. The increased content of malondialdehyde indicates a high level of lipid peroxidation processes and a decrease in the level of antioxidants in the studied tissues. However, the low values of the constant of inhibition of substrate oxidation in fish organs from different stations indicates the activity of antioxidant structures in the studied tissues. The study showed that crucians from different parts of the Don River differed in the content of immune complexes and the level of malondialdehyde in the organs.
Method for controlling pollution in machine systems
Authors: Malyshev A. V.
Published: April 2021

In this paper the technique of acoustic emission (hereinafter AE) diagnosis of the phenomenon of crazing in cuff s hydraulic brake cylinder vehicle.
Review of tractor engines of internal combustion production of the Russian Federation
Authors: Ovchinnikov Ye. V. , Uyutov S. YU. , Uyanayev YU. KH. , Ovcharenko A. S.
Published: April 2021

The article provides an overview of tractor internal combustion engines produced by the Russian Federation. Their functional, constructive and general technical characteristics are shown.
Analysis of the state of agricultural equipment in the agroindustrial complex
Authors: Ignatov V. I. , Gerasimov V. S. , Mishina Z. N. , Andreeva D. V.
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of studies aimed at determining the criterion for the further use of agricultural machinery that has reached the limit state: to carry out major repairs or dispose of it, as much as possible to save material resources, as required by the principles of the circular economy. Analysis and review of the works of domestic and foreign scientists, as well as the results of studies to identify the reasons for the lack of an effective mechanism for determining the limit state of a particular agricultural machine and the criterion for the onset of this condition. To solve the tasks, the technical condition and cost of the components included in the equipment supplied to the repair enterprises of the industry in 12 regions of Russia were studied. Was determined based on changes in the structure of parts with different periods of use of agricultural machinery. The results showed that the price of repair of the machine depends on the level of loss of validity of its parts, which were divided into three groups: fit without repair, fit after recovery and scrap, which cannot be restored. Was built based on the prices of capital repair machines and revenue from the sale of components utilized machine when the loss of her life, which allowed to determine the boundaries for further use of the machine, which reached a limit state. It was found that the loss of shelf life of almost all machines now entering the repair facility, is beyond the limits of the state and must be disposed of. The limit state of the machine occurs when the loss of its validity in the range of 0.45 < Г[sub]п∑i[/sub] < 0.5. In this interval, the owner of the machine can choose either of two options for its further use: repair or recycle. When Г[sub]п∑i[/sub] <0,45 preferable overhaul. When Г[sub]п∑i[/sub] > of 0.5 will require disposal, which will provides the greatest possible resource efficiency. An analysis of the research, taking into account past and foreign experience, will justify the direction of the agricultural sector in maintaining high technical readiness of agricultural machinery.
Order and control of emissions of the fulfilled gases of diesels at the new level
Authors: Kazakova V. A. , Shinkevich V. A. , Filippova E. M. , Ivleva I. B.
Published: April 2021

The standard of the organization directed on increase of efficiency and quality of monitoring procedure of emissions of harmful substances of the fulfilled gases of diesels of the capital repaired tractors and self-propelled farm vehicles which are in operation, intended for work and working in the conditions of unlimited and limited air exchange is developed — and establishes norms of emissions of harmful substances with the fulfilled gases, means of their definition, at control and bench tests of tractors and the agricultural cars. Technical characteristics of the fuel and engine oil intended for test of the diesel are defined. Modern control devices are optimized and techniques of tool control of the maintenance of CO, CH and NOx in the fulfilled gases of diesels of page are the agricultural cars.
Simulation of soil cutting blade wear
Authors: Mironov D. A. , Liskin I. V. , Sidorov S. A. , Nagorny V. D. , Afonina I. I. , Kostomakhin M. N.
Published: April 2021

The results of a laboratory study of the wear patterns of blades of tillage parts are presented. To substantiate the model of soil-cutting blade wear in laboratory studies. Applied installation, providing rectilinear movement of the sample, one-time interaction of the blade with the particles of abrasive mass, and reproducing chip separation, inherent in most loamy soils. The dependence of the angle of inclination of the occipital chamfer to the bottom of the furrow, the width of the occipital chamfer and blade wear along the length of the sample from the cutting path, taken in studies for the main parameters of wear, were obtained. It was found that with increasing depth of cut, the intensity of wear increases, but when there are irregularities and undulations of the bottom of the furrow, it decreases due to the increase in the cutting path with lower loads due to the alternation of depressions and protrusions at the bottom of the furrow. With increasing hardness of the abrasive mass, the intensity of wear of the blade increases, at the same time the value of the stabilized angle of the occipital chamfer to the bottom of the furrow decreases, due to changes in the wear mechanism. With increasing cutting speed, the intensity of blade wear increases due to increased soil resistance forces and specific energy expended on its deformation and destruction. It was shown that the abrasive model of the soil corresponds to the real loamy soil for the study of wear of cutting elements. The expansion of the characteristics of the soil model peculiar to «nature» is due to the inclusion of additional components, in particular ceresin and vaseline, in the composition of the base "paraffin + quartz particles".
Tolerance vs intolerance: Latvia's case as an expression of value and institutional ambivalence
Authors:   College of Telecommunication and Informatization of ONAT named after A.S. Popov, Kokoriev Oleksii
Published: April 2021

The article examines Latvia's compliance with the EU's institutional and value strategy for promoting the principle of tolerance. The main manifestations of intolerance in the social and political life of Latvia as a "young" democracy are investigated. The legal gaps, the peculiarities of the political and legal culture of the population and other factors that cause intolerance in Latvia, despite this country's 2004 membership in the EU, have been emphasized. Institutional reforms aimed at strengthening the value of tolerance and preventing destructive intolerant practices are analysed. Providing tolerance for Latvia is called a challenge for this country. It was stressed that countering intolerance remains an important component of the country's still unfinished post- socialist democratization. Attention is paid to maintaining a high percentage of non-citizens in the population structure of Latvia. It is emphasized that in Latvia there is the highest level of sexual minority intolerance in the Baltic countries group, especially the expressed intolerance towards transgender and intersex people. It is noted that the legislation of Latvia is not yet fully consistent with the European Commission's General Policy Recommendation against Racism and Intolerance No. 7 in the fight against racism and racial discrimination. Attention is drawn to the lack of special services in law enforcement agencies to assist victims of hate speech. It has been stated that there is a lack of promotion of counter-speech in response to racist, homo- / transphobic hate speech on the part of high-ranking officials and public activists. This contributes to the fact that those who resort to hate speech do not feel public condemnation and increase their destructive presence in Latvia. Attention was drawn to the problem of preserving the marginalization of Roma, especially in the area of employment, provision of public health and education services. The article states that there are manifestations of anti-Semitism in Latvia, especially in Internet discourse. It is noted that despite the small number of refugees received in recent years by Latvia, there is a high level of intolerance of asylum seekers. At the same time, public opinion is often formed precisely because of the destructive public rhetoric of Latvian politicians. The general problem of Latvia is the high tolerance for violence in general – at home, at school, against certain social groups, etc. It is indicated that in this country there is a high tolerance for various destructive unlawful practices, such as involvement in the shadow economy, the purchase of smuggled goods, and so on. The author of the article argues that the reasons for the mentioned problems of Latvia are not least in the plane of the political and legal culture of the Latvians, in which the intolerance to diversity and the neoliberal-democratic values, on which the EU is oriented, are still quite strong.
Basic stages of history of the underground gethsemane garden monastery in the context of monument protection
Authors:   South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky, Prysiazhniuk Oleksii
Published: April 2021

This research examines and identifies the main stages of the history of an underground monastery in the Gethsemane Garden, from the appearance of the object to the status of a cultural heritage monument. The author draws conclusions about the legal norms enshrined in the regulations that form a system of requirements for procedural actions that turn a cultural heritage object into a monument. The article describes the legal acts that regulate the field of cultural heritage protection and directly influence the process of institutionalization of cultural heritage objects. The process of institutionalization of a monument selected as an example is considered against the background of the history of the object itself in the context of important historical events and historiography of its study. Turning cultural heritage into a monument that is governed by regulations in modern conservation legislation is a complex process. Examples of completing formal procedures and obtaining cultural heritage status are monuments. That is why the author, on the example of cultural heritage – monuments of history, architecture of the underground monastery in the tract «Gethsemane Garden» describes the process of institutionalization of such objects. The institutionalization of cultural heritage means the process of defining and consolidating legal norms, rules, statuses, bringing them into a system capable of acting in the direction of satisfying the need of modern society for the preservation of cultural heritage objects.
THE LEVEL OF CRITICAL THINKING SKILL ON SOLVING TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARITHMETICS PROBLEMS THROUGH RESEARCH-BASED LEARNING
Authors: Suntusia Suntusia , Dafik Dafik , Hobri Hobri
Published: April 2021

Developing critical and collaborative thinking skills among learners was of significant importance in the 21st-century era. In this study, the researcher applied teaching and learning based on Research-Based Learning (RBL) to know the level of students critical thinking skill. The number of research samples was 30 students. This study used a triangulation research method, namely a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The quantitative method was obtained by using a learning outcome test and the qualitative method is obtained using a questionnaire and interview. Then the data that has been collected was analyzed using a t-test. Four students were chosen to represent critical thinking level 4, 13 students were chosen to represent Critical Thinking level 3, and 6 students were chosen to represent critical thinking level 2, 4 students were chosen to represent critical thinking level 1, and 3 students were chosen to represent critical thinking level 0. More subjects would be involved until the data was saturated. Students on low critical thinking were at Level 0. Based on the interpretation result of the t-test value, there was a significant difference between the control class and the experimental class, proved by the 0.000 figure in the statistical analysis. Therefore, it proved a significant difference in learning outcomes. However, the data that we obtained present a significant difference between the control class and the experimental class below 0.05. After we interpreted t-tabel = 2.04 on degrees of freedom 0.025, t-count of 0.000 was evident. Thus, a hypothesis was accepted since it was below 0.025. Qualitative methods show the results of interviews with 2 students.
THE EFFECT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MALAYSIAN PLCs DURING A TRANSITION FROM SST TO GST
Authors: Abdul Rahman Asma Rina , Ibrahim Noor Ayuernie , Abu Basar Suria
Published: April 2021

This study seeks to investigate the effect of capital structure on the corporate performance of Malaysian PLCs during a transition from SST to GST implementation. Especially focuses on the consumer products sector, 60 PLCs were chosen and financial data from 1st April 2014 until 1st April 2017 are observed. The result shows that GST implemented by the Malaysia Government leads to low corporate performance. Further, this study confirms that GST implementation has affected the capital structure and corporate performance of companies. This suggests that short-term debt tends to be less expensive and therefore increasing debt with a relatively low-interest rate will lead to an increase in profit levels. This result is consistent with the Static Trade-off Theory (Myers, 1984) whereby when debt is employed in capital structure, there will be a need for trade-off because firms are faced with the challenges of goods and services tax and bankruptcy cost.
COVID 19: GOVERNMENT RESPONSES TO OIL PRICE
Authors: Keh Chia-Guan , Tan Yan-Teng , Tang Siu-Eng
Published: April 2021

The outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) has aroused global interest and it had a significant impact on the global economy. The majority of the countries have implemented lockdown regulations and social distancing policies to prevent the spread of COVID-19, which has an unprecedented impact on the oil and gas market. Hence, this scenario motivated us to study how government responses aimed at banning the spread of COVID-19 affect oil prices? To answer this question, this study examines the Movement Control Order imposed by the government to responses the oil prices in Malaysia. The study emphasizes the period from the start of January 2020 to July 2020 when the coronavirus began spreading into Malaysia. We empirically investigate the impact of government responses on both BRENT and WTI’s oil prices. The findings report that the additional one-day stay at home requirements cause a reduction of 29% and 37% in the closing price for BRENT and WTI’s oil prices respectively. Workplace closing results in a 5.7% and 14.3% reduction in the closing price for BRENT and WTI correspondingly. In contrast, international travel controls, restrictions on gatherings, and debt or contract relief for households have a positive relationship with both oil prices of BRENT and WTI. The results of this study might assist the government and investors to understand the impact of Malaysia's government responses to COVID-19 on oil prices.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE AND BEHAVIORAL ATTITUDE WITH UNDERGRADUATE FINAL YEAR STUDENT'S ENTREPRENEURSHIP CAREER
Authors: Bantial Ashlynzia , Radin A Rahman Radin Siti Aishah
Published: April 2021

Entrepreneurship careers are increasingly widespread and well-suited for business as they contribute to the country's economic growth. However, studies show that most students think that the entrepreneurship field cannot provide a bright future and prefer to choose salary-based employment. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the relationship between cognitive, affective, and behavioral attitude with the entrepreneurship career choice among undergraduate final year students at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). This study uses a quantitative approach and the survey method involved 336 undergraduate final year students from Bangi main campus and the questionnaire was used as a research instrument adapted from the previous study. Data were processed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) 23.0 software which involved descriptive and inferential analysis. The results of the study show that the level of application of cognitive, affective, and behavioral attitudes as well as the level of the tendency of entrepreneurial career choice of final-year students is moderate and there is no difference in entrepreneurial career choice between male and female students. In addition, the study also shows that there is a strong relationship between cognitive, affective, and behavioral attitudes with entrepreneurial career choice and also found that cognitive, affective, and behavioral attitudes influence the entrepreneurial career choice of undergraduate final year students. The implication of this study shows that final year students have a moderate entrepreneurial career tendency and can be enhanced with an emphasis on developing a positive cognitive attitude, affective attitude, and behavioral attitude. Therefore, entrepreneurship educators should also be committed to exposing students to entrepreneurial activities and strengthening their entrepreneurial education.
FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE USAGE OF E-WALLET AMONG YOUTH: A STUDY AT A PUBLIC INSTITUTION OF HIGHER LEARNING IN SOUTH SARAWAK
Authors: Mastor Hartyni
Published: April 2021

The advancement of finance technology in global marketing has given a big impact on the business ecosystem in this day of age. In the year 2003, around 25 million cell phone users had used their mobile devices to make purchases. However, the usage of e-Wallet still has not gained much interest by Malaysians during the business. In the first term of 2020, the world was hit by the Covid-19 pandemic that had changed the scenario of the global business ecosystem. The usage of e-Wallet has been the medium of the transaction when purchasing items for society since the start of the outbreak. The usage of e-Wallet is very popular among youth. Hence, a study has been conducted at a public institution of higher learning in south Sarawak to find out the factors that affect the usage of e-wallet among youth. The variables of this study are speed, security, social influence, and convenience. In total, 169 youth in the age range of 20-22 years old had participated in this study that was conducted online. The correlation has been analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and Data Analysis for Excel. The finding shows that there is a significant relationship between all factors tested with the use of e-wallet. Overall, e-Wallet usage is moderate among youth.
Información sobre la salud: una revisión de la literatura existente sobre YouTube como fuente de información sanitaria
Authors: Betancourt Alfredo , Campillo Natalia , Mieres Claudia
Published: April 2021

El objeto de esta investigación es evaluar la literatura académica existente sobre el uso de YouTube como fuente de información médica. Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión de la literatura disponible en la base de datos PubMed. Se seleccionaron los artículos publicados entre enero de 2017 y abril de 2020, cuyas técnicas de investigación incluyesen análisis de contenido y revisiones de vídeos de acceso abierto colgados en YouTube. Resultados: el 40% de los artículos revisados tienen como objeto de estudio la información sobre una enfermedad o afección; la mediana de vídeos analizados por artículo es de 94; los criterios de puntuación más empleados son DISCERN (n=16), seguido de JAMA y de escalas GQS; la mayor parte recoge análisis de variables descriptivas intrínsecas a cualquier vídeo de YouTube, complementadas con indicadores propios para determinar su popularidad; en la revisión predominan los contenidos calificados como poco fiables y de baja calidad, particularmente aquellos subidos por canales no especializados. Esta revisión concluye que es necesario mejorar los contenidos médicos y sanitarios en YouTube, especialmente en los que respecta a la calidad, fiabilidad y utilidad de los vídeos, así como la presencia de fuentes profesionales e instituciones médicas en la plataforma.
Marketing de influencia: educación sanitaria online
Authors: García Rivero Ainhoa , Carbonell-Curralo Emma G. , Magán-Álvarez Ana , Barberá-González Rafael
Published: April 2021

Internet y las redes sociales han supuesto un antes y un después en el intercambio de información sanitaria. Este proceso ha generado consecuencias como la pérdida de control sobre la información disponible, así como el riesgo de educar en salud de una manera errónea. En el presente estado de la cuestión se aborda, entre otros temas, el marketing de influencia en la promoción de productos y servicios relacionados con el ámbito de la salud para, a continuación, ofrecer una perspectiva actual de los procesos comunicativos entre la ciudadanía y las figuras influyentes del panorama online. Gracias a una encuesta online, se han podido identificar varios influencers que compartían en Instagram alguna recomendación sobre productos de salud. Con esta muestra, se han analizado diferentes publicaciones y se han obtenido diversas conclusiones. Algunos de los resultados obtenidos en el análisis de estos perfiles es que los influencers obtienen más reconocimiento y repercusión que los perfiles de profesionales y expertos sanitarios. Además, los posts que versan sobre productos relacionados con la salud obtienen grandes datos de engagement a pesar de ser contenido comercial, lo que significa una buena aceptación por parte del público. La clave del éxito de las campañas de marketing de influencia en el sector de la salud reside en la enorme confianza que depositan los seguidores sobre los influencers, lo que supone un verdadero riesgo, pues en la mayoría de los casos no se trata de información veraz y de calidad.
Redes sociales y la adicción al like de la generación z
Authors: Martín Critikián Davinia , Medina Núñez Marta
Published: April 2021

Psicólogos y expertos del mundo de la tecnología vienen advirtiendo, desde hace tiempo, que el uso frecuente y continuado de las redes sociales puede resultar en una adicción, lo que, a su vez, podría derivar en ansiedad, dependencia emocional, pérdida de motivación, falta de autocontrol e irritabilidad. Un estudio realizado por la Chicago Booth School of Business (2012) señalaba que las redes sociales tienen una capacidad de adicción mayor incluso que la del tabaco porque, entre otros motivos, acceder a estas plataformas resulta sencillo y, además, gratuito. Con el presente estudio, planteamos como objetivo principal analizar la importancia e impacto que supone el like en la generación Z, así como estudiar el contexto social de las redes sociales e investigar si el like afecta a esta generación y de qué manera. Para la elaboración de esta investigación se ha realizado, por un lado, una revisión bibliográfica sobre las redes sociales y el uso que los jóvenes hacen de ellas, identificando cuáles son sus favoritas, cuánto tiempo le dedican y las implicaciones que estas tienen sobre el cerebro humano. Por otro lado, se ha realizado un estudio de campo que se ha llevado a cabo en España a una muestra de 500 jóvenes de 18 a 26 años (los correspondientes a la generación Z), con el objetivo de conocer el uso que hacen de las redes sociales y analizar el impacto que tienen los likes sobre ellos. Entre las conclusiones principales destacamos un uso de redes sociales de más de tres horas diarias, siendo Instagram y WhatsApp las redes favoritas por esta generación. Si bien algunos miembros de este grupo social afirman sentirse inseguros, enfadados e incluso tristes si no reciben la respuesta esperada (traducida en likes o comentarios pospublicación) no modifican ni adaptan el tipo de contenido que comparten públicamente en base al número de likes que puedan conseguir. Finalmente, a pesar de que dicen no darle demasiada importancia a la retroalimentación recibida, suelen activar sus notificaciones en las redes sociales para estar a la última de posibles interacciones.
Depoimentos de grandes mestres que fazem parte da história da UFMG
Authors: Coelho Maria de Lourdes
Published: April 2021

Neste artigo, apresentamos os depoimentos de cinco professores aposentados pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Todos eles declararam que o trabalho docente passou a ocupar parte significativa de suas vidas e que não deixaram de ser professores ao se aposentarem. De modo geral, demonstraram-se realizados com a profissão exercida na universidade e destacaram a necessidade de ampliação da discussão sobre a questão da docência como um todo e dos programas de formação de professores universitários.
How COVID-19 Quarantine Influenced Online Exam Cheating: A Case of Bangladesh University Students
Authors: Abdelrahim Yousif
Published: April 2021

This study aims to identify, through qualitative research, the influence of COVID-19 on student online exam cheating, specifically e-cheating, during the COVID-19 quarantine in Bangladesh university online classes in 2020. The researcher obtained the primary data from 23 undergraduate university students (13 males and ten females) who willingly responded to a semi-structured interview via Messenger Interview. Using grounded theory analysis, the author found that quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic has caused and increased levels of anxiety and stress among students, which, in turn, has promoted e-cheating. The stress and anxiety allow students to justify their unethical behavior in online classes and cheating on online exams. The study results also show several factors that have contributed to online exam cheating. These factors include social pressure, peer pressure, academic pressure, not using software programs that monitor e-cheating, finding it easy to cheat, willingness to get grade point averages, and worries about jobs. Besides, this study also develops a conceptual framework for the COVID-19 e-cheating model that explains how COVID-19, stress, and anxiety predict the frequency of dishonest behaviors among students, specifically cheating during online exams, and can be used for further qualitative research studies. Finally, the study results can be used as guidelines for faculty members when considering assignments, homework, exams, and how to monitor online exams.
Developing Integrated Web-based Information System for Land Resources to Support Agricultural Land-use Planning (A Case Study of the Gunung Mas Regency, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia)
Authors: Amelia Vera , Sinaga Soaloon , Bhermana Andy
Published: April 2021

Land use planning is an important topic in the view of spatial land management. One of the significant elements that should be taken into account for land use planning includes the availability of land resource information/data. Well-organized data was then required for planning. In the Gunung Mas regency case, the data was available, but it has not been organized properly for land use planning. Land resources information systems should then be developed for planning purposes such as plan formulation and decision making. The objective of this study was to organize land resources information making the information system integrated within a web-based GIS. The general procedure involved data collection and compilation to be organized into a database system. The information system of land resources integrated into web-based GIS can provide a database system. This system can represent graphical systemic spatial or coordinate information in the form of digital maps. Furthermore, the web-based GIS practically facilitates various database operations such as querying, analyzing, and displaying based on location geographically. It can be accessed anytime and anywhere by the planner and decision-maker. The database system integrated into land units can then be used as basic consideration and analysis for land evaluation and the land-use planning process.
Determinant Factors of Carbon Emission Disclosure in Indonesia
Authors: Andrian Tommy , Kevin
Published: April 2021

Currently, environmental issues are being discussed in various countries, including Indonesia. Erratic climate change greatly affects global warming worldwide, one of erratic climate change related to carbon emissions disclosures. However, there are still inconclusive findings regarding factors that determine the extent of carbon emissions disclosure. Based on comprehensive research, the objective of this paper is to examine a few selected factors and their relationship to the extent of carbon emissions disclosure. Green strategy, corporate social responsibility disclosure, good corporate governance, the board of directors, institutional ownership, and financial performance were analyzed to seek any significant relationships to the extent of carbon emissions disclosure. To this end, this study used a modified carbon emissions disclosure measurement from previous studies and a Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure measurement using a combined corporate social responsibilitymatrix from three countries. Corporate annual reports from the consumer goods industry for the years 2015–2019 were examined to verify carbon emissions disclosure practices by applying content analysis and multiple regression analysis with a quantitative approach. The findings show that green strategy, Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure, good corporate governance, and financial performance were found to have significant positive influences on the extent of carbon emissions disclosure. Meanwhile, the board of directors and institutional ownership had no significant influence on the extent of carbon emissions disclosure. This research can be used as a basis for developing an innovative strategy in environmental protection that can serve as a guideline for internal company regulations and public regulations to consider environmentally friendly products and services.