bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bibliometric analysis between globalization, information technology, and economic growth
Authors: Ionascu Alina
Published: April 2024

In the contemporary epoch, globalization, spurred by rapid advancements in information technology (IT), is conjectured to be a significant driver of economic growth. This research embarks on unravelling the nuanced interrelations among globalization, IT, and economic growth through a bibliometric analysis of extant scientific literature. Employing VOSviewer for the bibliometric scrutiny, an exhaustive sample of scholarly articles from Scopus was meticulously examined. The principal objective was to ascertain the thematic nucleus within this academic ambit. The findings accentuate that trade and financial globalization, technological innovations, and economic development are the cardinal themes. Particularly, the analysis sheds light on the convoluted relationships of economic growth intertwined with trade globalization and IT. However, an important observation made is that the dividends of global trade are not equitably distributed across countries globally. As a consequence, while numerous sectors flourish owing to digitization, others wrestle with structural metamorphoses. This inequity, amalgamated with technological progressions like automation and digital transformation, foments escalating sentiments of scepticism, protectionism, and reticence towards globalization among certain scholarly factions, notwithstanding other experts extolling the myriad benefits of the globalization trajectory. The research method's meticulous bibliometric approach, utilizing VOSviewer, has enabled a holistic understanding of the prevalent discourse, thereby providing a robust foundation for future inquiries into this multifaceted interplay.
The impact of artificial intelligence on strategic finance management success
Authors: Özen Ercan , Atasever Mesut
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The main aim of this article is to examine the impact and importance of artificial intelligence on strategic finance management and to provide a perspective on how businesses can use it in their financial decision-making processes. Today, businesses tend to adopt a more data-oriented and rational approach in their financial decisions in order to maintain their competitive advantage and ensure sustainable growth in rapidly changing market conditions. Artificial intelligence has had a great impact in the finance industry and has helped financial managers make more effective and accurate decisions in strategic finance management. Strategic finance management aims to achieve long-term goals by using the resources of companies effectively. The integration of artificial intelligence into financial decision-making processes improves thestrategic planning and risk management processes of financial managers by providing faster and more accurate data analytics. Research methods: This articlewill be a compilation of important sources and research in the literature, and the impact and applications of artificial intelligence in the field of strategic finance management will be emphasized. In addition, its effects on the performance and competitiveness of companies will be examined and the advantages and challenges of artificial intelligence in financial decision-making processes will be discussed. Results: The use of artificial intelligence in the field of financial management is increasing day by day. The contribution of this technology to the strategic financial management of enterprises is supported by the growth and success stories observed in many sectors. The ability of artificial intelligence to analyze and forecast financial data has allowed the acceleration of financial decision-making processes and the adoption of more data-driven strategies. For this reason, experts and researchers in the financial sector are interested in understanding the impact of artificial intelligence on strategic finance management success and determining its future potential.
Fintechs and innovative financial instruments in the context of the digital age
Authors: Manta Otilia
Published: April 2024

We are currently witnessing a reshaping of the financial system, as a result of the challenges and influencing factors generated by the digital era and the multi-crises of recent years, the extent of FinTechs (financial technology) being carefully evaluated and which include new innovative technologies aimed directly at optimizing financial processes and the automation of classic services for both corporate clients and physical personal financial services consumers. The digitization of financial institutions has determined that the attention on FinTechs is increasing, which is why with this paper we propose to contribute to the field of "digital finance" by identifying and presenting bibliometric analyses of the specialized scientific literature related to the topic Fintech. Our analysis is based on the metadata identified both in databases and in certain works from specialized journals, the data processing being through the VOSviewer and Biblioshiny software. The subject of Fintech is analysed both within the present paper, as a result of the fact that for the academic environment itself there is an interest in redefining financial models in the context of the digital age, but also a permanent involvement of us as researchers in future research works.
Impactul crizelor asupra sărăciei în muncă
Authors: Timus Angela , Gutium Tatiana , Timus Andrei
Published: April 2024

Poverty continues to be one of the characteristics of any society. The income gap between the poorest and wealthiest people and countries has widened. This gap is so large that international reports no longer compare the income of the richest 10% of the global population with the revenue of the poorest 10% to hide the veritable situation. An international report published in 2022 compares the income of the wealthiest 10% of the global population with that of the poorest 50%, so every second inhabitant of the planet is classified as one of the poorest people, and comparing the income level of 10% of the population to 50% of the global inhabitants does not give a real-world situation about poverty. Naturally, 50% of the population is not unemployed, so employment does not guarantee an individual escape from poverty. In the Republic of Moldova, in 2022, the level of wage earnings increased, it did not ensure the achievement of a decent wage level and reduce the number of employees receiving low wages because inflation was much higher than wage growth, and as a result, the real wages decreased almost by 10%, and the risk of in-work poverty increased. Therefore, the subject of the study is the workers' risk of poverty. The purpose of the study is to assess poverty among working people in the Republic of Moldova.
The importance given by Romanians to research and innovation in order to ensure future development
Authors: Stefanescu Maria Livia
Published: April 2024

In this paper we will analyze to what extent Romanians are aware of the need to develop the research and innovation domains to promote progress in the coming years for Romania. The study is based on Romanians' answers to questions from a questionnaire attached to a Eurobarometer. Please note that the Eurobarometer used was completed in May 2021 and includes the opinions of 1050 adults from Romania. Basically, will be estimated the trends of Romanians' perceptions regarding the following aspects: SciSoc, NewTech, AreasRI, Explain. We specify below some details regarding the four mentioned fields of our study. So, SciSoc defines the variable attached to the answers to the question: “Do you think that the overall influence of science and technology on society is: very positive, fairly positive, fairly negative, very negative?”. The NewTech variable sets on a four-value scale the intensity of perception for the positive effect of ten new technologies on life orientation over the next 20 years. The variable AreaRI is attached to the Eurobarometer question “In the coming years, which of the following 13 areas do you think will be affected most by research and innovation?”. The answer to the question "Who is the best qualified to explain the impact of scientific and technological developments on society?" is characterized by the variable Explain. There are 15 possible answers. We defined the TREND indicator which is compatible with the classical stochastic ordering relationship between categorical ordinal variables of this study. The application of homogeneity statistical tests revealed perceptible differences of opinions between people belonging to different types of communities.
Новые подходы к исследованию качества жизни сельского населения
Authors: Rojco Anatolii , Heghea Ecaterina
Published: April 2024

The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the problem of the quality of life occupies an important place in the documents that determine the medium and long-term prospects for the development of the Republic of Moldova. The adopted National Development Strategy „European Moldova-2030” (LEGE, 2022) sets strategic goals arising from the modern concept of quality of life. In this context, the problem of the quality of life of rural residents, whose number makes up more than half of the total population, and whose level and conditions of life are significantly inferior to the national average, is of particular importance. The purpose of the study is to assess the quality of life of the rural population and, on this basis, to identify the most acute problems in this area. The following research methods were used: analysis and synthesis, monographic, statistical, comparison, analogues, etc. The information base of the study is the data from the household budget survey conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics, as well as materials from domestic and international organizations. Results of the study - the assessment of the quality of life of the rural population of the Republic of Moldova was carried out according to the following parameters: disposable income, consumer spending, absolute poverty, demographic situation, food consumption, access to quality education, health status, living comfort, self-assessment of their standard of living. The most acute problems of the quality of life of the rural population of the Republic of Moldova have been identified. Научная статья подготовлена и профинансирована в рамках проекта Государственной программы (2020-2023 г.г.), зарегистрированной в Государственном реестре проектов в области науки и инноваций Республики Молдова 20.80009.0807.29 ”Perfecționarea mecanismelor de aplicare a instrumentelor inovaționale orientate spre creșterea durabilă a bunăstării populației Republicii Moldova”.
Conceptual framework for social resilience of the Ukrainian (post)war economy
Authors: Burlai Tetiana
Published: April 2024

The Russian military invasion in February 2022 led to extremely negative demographic, macroeconomic and social consequences for Ukraine, including local humanitarian disasters. As of September 2023, according to UNCHR data, 6.2 million refugees from Ukraine were recorded globally, and more than 5.1 million Ukrainians became internally displaced persons. The urgent need to overcome these consequences, as well as for the effective Ukraine’s post-war recovery, determines the actuality of in-depth research on the social resilience of its national economy. The purpose of our research is to form a conceptual framework for the social resilience of the Ukrainian economy in the war and post-war periods. Achieving this goal involves the use of research methods of analysis, comparative studies, processing of statistical and econometric data, as well as sociological surveys. The results of the study showed that the social resilience of Ukraine's national economy is formed in the contour of social reproduction and should be based on the blocks of (i) employment and labour potential; (ii) solvent consumer demand; (iii) social security, including health and education systems. Other research results, along with the post-war recovery aspect, social resilience has an important instrumental value for Ukraine in terms of European integration and state governance. In 2020, the European Commission identified the resilience concept as "a new compass for EU policy". Adaptive borrowing of the relevant modern approaches of the European Union is an important task for Ukraine, which in June 2022 acquired the official status of a Candidate Country for EU membership. The article presents the results of the research carried out within the Project “Formation of the foundations of nationally rooted stability and security of the economic development of Ukraine in the conditions of the hybrid "peace–war" system” (state registration No. 0123U100965).
IMPACTOS NEGATIVOS DO RACISMO NA EDUCAÇÃO, ACESSO E REPRESENTAÇÃO DAS MULHERES BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Souza Natalia Alves de , Sousa Ana Paula Veloso de Assis , Teodoro Marina
Published: April 2024

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a integração do racismo na estrutura social e suas consequências diretas na vida das mulheres negras, buscando a compreensão dos efeitos concretos dessa situação. O legado histórico da percepção da mulher negra é uma narrativa complexa, profundamente enraizada nas interseções de raça, gênero e classe ao longo da história. Esse legado é caracterizado por desafios, lutas e resiliência, e continua a moldar a experiência das mulheres negras até os dias de hoje. A metodologia selecionada para este Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, é de abordagem descritiva e qualitativa. Conclui-se que é fundamental fortalecer o protagonismo das mulheres negras em todos os aspectos da vida política, social e econômica, garantindo sua participação ativa e influência na formulação de políticas e na tomada de decisões que afetam suas vidas. Acredita-se que somente através de esforços coletivos e sistemáticos é possível superar as injustiças históricas e construir uma sociedade mais justa, igualitária e inclusiva para todas as mulheres, independentemente de sua raça, origem ou classe social.
ANÁLISE DOS INSTRUMENTOS DE IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA LEI DA RESERVA LEGAL: um estudo sobre a sustentabilidade ambiental e a conservação da vegetação nativa
Authors: Nunes Abraão Lima , Mendes Pedro Silva
Published: April 2024

A Lei da Reserva Legal estabelece a obrigatoriedade de manter uma porcentagem mínima de vegetação nativa em cada propriedade, variando de acordo com a região biogeográfica do país. O objetivo do estudo consistiu em analisar os instrumentos de implementação da Lei da Reserva Legal, com foco na sua efetividade para promover a sustentabilidade ambiental e contribuir para a conservação da vegetação nativa em propriedades rurais. E os específicos foram: realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre os principais instrumentos previstos na Lei da Reserva Legal; investigar a aplicação e a efetividade dos instrumentos de implementação da Lei da Reserva Legal em propriedades rurais; avaliar os desafios e as limitações enfrentadas na implementação dos instrumentos da Lei da Reserva Legal; analisar o impacto dos instrumentos de implementação da Lei da Reserva Legal na sustentabilidade ambiental e na conservação da vegetação nativa. A problemática em resumo foi descobrir quais instrumentos estão sendo utilizados e de que forma são adotados para que seja efetivada a implementação da Lei da Reserva Legal no Brasil? A metodologia empregada nesse estudo foi por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica. Portanto, conseguir proporcionar uma manutenção constante de uma área de Reserva Legal na propriedade é algo extremamente importante, além de gerar benefícios para o proprietário rural e para todo o meio ambiente. Por fim, ter a compreensão a respeito da efetividade dos instrumentos de implementação da Lei da Reserva Legal é essencial para identificar lacunas, propor melhorias e promover a conservação dos recursos naturais de forma mais eficiente.
Lavoro, tecnica e società in Platone: uno sguardo d’insieme
Authors: Ferrari Franco
Published: April 2024

During the 5th century B.C., skills (technai), including manual ones, assume an exceptional role in Greek society and culture. Plato's attitude appears to be twofold: on the one hand he credits the possessors of these skills as having objective and efficacious knowledge, on the other hand he devalues, probably for ideological and social reasons, manual techniques.
On the economic and social level, techniques play a fundamental role in the existence of humans, who, due to their lack of self-sufficiency, are inclined to cooperate by sharing their technical and professional skills. Each individual is part of the city to the extent that he possesses and exercises a technique. Plato also attaches great importance to commercial activity and the use of money. In his last work, the Laws, he seems to devalue the role of techniques within the city: membership of the polis is no longer given by the possession of a technique, but by land property.
La sociologia francese tra fordismo e società postindustriale: Georges Friedmann, Pierre Naville e Alain Touraine
Authors: Causarano Pietro
Published: April 2024

The subject at work, in different forms and modalities, is at the center of attention of these three scholars. Labor relations constitute the fulcrum in which the condition and action of workers and their social movements are located. The way these three authors approached the theme of work, the crucial nature and urgency of the questions that had emerged in the transformations of industrial society in the 1900s, the questions that were posed about man, work and technology, the problematic responses that they tried to give starting after the Second World War, ensure that some of their intuitions - even if they remained closely linked to industrial machinism and mechanical automation of the last century - in reality can still speak to today and to the various forms of digital automation of the work.
Frédéric Lordon: il lavoro tra desiderio e servitù
Authors: Valzania Andrea
Published: April 2024

According to Lordon, Spinoza help us to understand the non-rational dimension of social action and, more generally, the ability of capitalism to last over time, despite the continuous creation of inequalities and social injustice. But if Fordism had been able to produce also joyful desires in the workers, neoliberalism is based only on the production of fear, making workers' lives precarious. The main aim of neoliberalism is that the worker comes to love the boss/entrepreneur (or the institution where he works) in a total symbolic, cultural and value identification. To achieve this goal everything that is repressive must be carefully avoided and/or hidden. In fact, neoliberal power does not resort to the use of force but wants its employees in a condition of consensual servitude.
Robert Reich. Tecnologia, lavoro, distribuzione, e rappresentanza: la parabola di un liberal-radicale
Authors: Giannetti Renato
Published: April 2024

In The work of nations: preparing ourselves for 21st-century capitalism Reich considers technological innovation as a close relationship between new technologies and new human capital, to determine the standard of living of workers and a central point is differences between skilled and unskilled workers. In this context the Unions, born as a representation of the homogeneous work of mass production, would lose their centrality in favor of the politics, i. e. of liberal democratic élites. In latest Saving capitalism: for the many not for the few, Reich discovers again the central role of Unions of workers, at company level, both in cooperative and real power terms.
Philippe Van Parijs
Authors: Del Bò Corrado
Published: April 2024

The text presents and discusses Philippe Van Parijs' idea of work and the vision of the labor market starting from his proposal for an unconditional basic income, to be attributed to everyone regardless of economic conditions and without work requirements.
Riproduzione, natura, valore
Authors: Giardini Federica
Published: April 2024

The issue of reproduction has been introduced by feminist movements since the 1970s as the blind spot in the conceptions of work as production. The resumption and updating of the reproduction category allow to grasp the new dynamics of recognition, enhancement, and exploitation of labor in Northern societies, as well as their extension to ecological topics and issues.
La formazione continua negli ecosistemi d’apprendimento e il ruolo delle Academy
Authors: Costa Massimiliano
Published: April 2024

Industrial systems, characterized by robotic devices and the artificial intelligence evolution, have transformed the sense of work by modifying the sense making and skills development processes. The continuous training, provided by Corporate Academy assumes a strategic role for innovation as it combines the corporate professions consolidation with external innovation opportunities. Strategic for corporate Academy success as learning hubs is the eutagogical training models development in learning ecosystem. It allows the worker to direct and generate multi-contextual learning capable of increasing their inclusion, involvement and personal fulfillment.
Libertà, giustizia, lavoro nel socialismo liberale
Authors: Calloni Marina
Published: April 2024

Liberal Socialism was written by Carlo Rosselli during his confinement on the island Lipari, from where he escaped in 1929. In Paris he continued his struggle against fascism until his assassination in 1937 with his brother Nello. Carlo's death impeded the postwar reception of liberal socialism in the affirmation of the communist and catholic parties. Rosselli’s idea of liberty – which referred to the tradition of the Labour Party - was meant as a basic principle for socialism against a centralized conception of the party. For that he was strongly criticized. The paper is aimed at stressing that Rosselli did not undermine the importance of labour towards workers’ struggles. Liberty and labour are not antagonistic principles. They interact in form of moral revolution and social justice. We need to be free to work unexploited.
Il lavoro nell’operaismo italiano
Authors: Mezzadra Sandro
Published: April 2024

The chapter deals with a specific current of Marxist thought that took shape in the 1960s in Italy, Operaismo, also known as autonomist Marxism. Against the background of powerful workers’ struggles in the North of the country, journals like Quaderni rossi and Classe operaia pursued an innovative investigation (“co-research”) of the condition and composition of labor in a conjuncture of accelerated mass industrialization. The chapter discusses the ways in which two leading figures of Operaismo, Mario Tronti and Toni Negri, took stock of the outcomes of that investigation in their reading of Marx, in their theoretical reflections on the concept of labor, and in the politics of “refusal” they proposed with different inflections in the 1960s and in the 1970s. A politics of refusal emerges from the work of both authors, although their conclusions.
L’idea di lavoro di Gino Giugni nello Statuto dei lavoratori
Authors: Speziale Valerio
Published: April 2024

The essay analyses Gino Giugni’s idea of work in the Workers’ Statute (l n. 300/1970). Giugni, who played a fundamental role in preparing the Government Bill, believed that the Statute should rebalance the subordination of workers through the recognition of their rights of freedom in companies and the protection of workers’ dignity. In addition, the Statute, as a law supporting Trade Unions, should favour the presence of the Unions in workplaces, recognising them rights which could transform them in a collective counterpower. These «ideas regarding work» were introduced in the Statute, which, however, together with the Unions’ counterpower, also recognized to workers individual rights claimed before the judge, with a point of view not accepted by this author. However, in spite of these differences, Giugni subsequently always defended a law that even now is a fundamental regulation in Labour Law.
Orizzonte comunista e critica del capitalismo: Pietro Ingrao e il tempo ‘liberato’ dal lavoro
Authors: Del Rossi Maria Paola
Published: April 2024

The author reconstructs, through a long-term look, Pietro Ingrao's idea of work. Considered as an important multifocal point of view on the relationship between politics and society since the immediate postwar period,starting from the changes in the world of production and the struggles between the 1960s and the 1970s, Ingrao emphasizes the need to look at work in the perspective of policies to broaden universal citizenship. This is a change of perspective in which, significantly for Ingrao, he reconnects life times and work times and focuses his analysis on time 'freed' from work, from which also derives his attention to the issue of guaranteed income.
Ezio Tarantelli: il lavoro come partecipazione
Authors: Tronti Leonello
Published: April 2024

Ezio Tarantelli, probably the most important Italian labour economist, dedicated his short life, tragically broken by a terrorist ambush, to a full participation of labour in the management of the economy, in accordance with the Italian Constitution. His studies on the Phillips curve demonstrated the sub-optimality of monetary policy as a tool to combat stagflation, highlighting - on the contrary - the role of the unions in directing expectations and giving credibility to disinflation announcements. His proposal for government-social partners shared targets on inflation and incomes policy, based on international comparative studies of industrial relations systems, profoundly influenced the social pacts which allowed Italy to tame inflation, recover from the 1991-92 crisis, and access the euro since its launch.
Dal lavoro agile alla new way of working
Authors: Butera Federico
Published: April 2024

During the pandemic, in Italy 6 million people worked from home, no longer in the work flow regulated by time and physical presence in the office under the direct control of the hierarchy. A large number of people have been working by results, sharing knowledge, managing communications, participate in remote communities. This process has been an accelerator of changes already underway since the 1970s: the remoteness of work made possible by digitalization and the professionalization of work, coming along the increase of the knowledge workers. A vast experimentation of a new way of working very different from the Taylor Fordist tradition was opened, supported by "designers or architects of the new work" , pursuing objectives of organizational regeneration, extended professionalization, promotion of the quality of working life.
Il lavoro del reddito di base
Authors: Chicchi Federico
Published: April 2024

The recent events that have shaken Europe call for an urgent rethinking of the current development model. Neoliberalism based on the absolute centrality of the market, in fact, no longer seems able to support the realization of a credible social project. In this context, work is increasingly precarious, atomized and shattered. Developing a vision of work capable of connecting technological potentials with an updated vision of social justice is therefore a necessity. For this purpose, it is essential for the author to overcome the conflict between wages and income, to return to interconnect the inclusive and participatory qualities of work with subjective self-realization on the one hand, and with social dignity on the other. A basic income policy is so proposed as the key to move in that direction.
Lavoro giusto e lavoro decente: la sfida del terzo settore
Authors: Zamagni Stefano
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the contribution is to speak in favour of the urgency to harmonize the two dimensions of human labour: the acquisitive dimension and the expressive one. To this end, the paper suggests that an effective way to mantain in harmony these two dimensions is that of revitalizing the role of the third-sector organizations as expression of a community building strategy.
Il lavoro nella tradizione ebraico-cristiana, tra valorizzazione ascetica e civilizzazione
Authors: Faitini Tiziana
Published: April 2024

The chapter provides a longue-durée overview on the theorisations of work, and related practices, in the Judeo-Christian exegetical and theological traditions. In these traditions, a 'perfect conduct' was shaped with a view to, on the one hand, a balance between work time and sacred time, and, on the other, the ascetic valorisation of industriousness and the personal fulfilment of the ‘duty of state’. Notwithstanding the ambiguous representation of work resulting from the Bible, the stigmatisation of idleness and the need to contribute to the common good through one's own professional activity has been emphasized in subsequent interpretations. This overview confirms the importance of the Judeo-Christian sources in order to shed light on the Western work-centered model of socio-political inclusion.
Il valore politico del lavoro
Authors: Antoniazzi Sandro
Published: April 2024

This essay aims to address a topic that nowadays has fallen into disuse, following the decline of the working class: the political value of work. It shows the problems and the tendencies that might constitute elements of unity in the labour market that now appears totally fragmented.
Arti liberali e meccaniche secondo Ugo di san Vittore
Authors: Salvestrini Amalia
Published: April 2024

The contribution explores the valorisation of human labour in the Didascalicon by Hugh of Saint Victor. Following a brief outline of Hugh’s life and main works, one underlines the principal points of interest of his classification of philosophy. 1. For the first time the mechanical arts are part of philosophy, albeit considered in their theoretical aspect. 2. Hugh proposes a parallel between liberal and mechanical arts, according to which the external sphere of the trivium and the internal one of the quadrivium correspond to the seven mechanical arts. 3. The organic nature of the division depends from the idea that humanity lost its perfect condition with original sin, hence the need to repair both the spiritual and the bodily part of man with the liberal and mechanical arts.
Lavoro, professione e ozio nei manuali per la confessione della prima età moderna (XVI-XVII sec.)
Authors: Zampieri Giovanni
Published: April 2024

Between the 16th and the 17th centuries, the production of literature on Sacramental Penance rose. Targeted to priests and penitents, manuals for confession were among the Catholic Church’s strategies to discipline its members and believers. The professional activities of penitents have been one of the dimensions on which the authors of these texts produced interpretive categories that could be used during confessions. Inspecting these sources, this chapter shows some of the research paths through which the entanglement between the ideas of labor and leisure and the religious life in the early modern Italian peninsula can be reconstructed. Having framed this literature, I show how these texts regulated work activities during the Holy days, spread representations of the sins made by professional estates, and circulated a discourse stigmatizing laziness.
Le trasformazioni nel mondo del lavoro come sfida per la giustizia. Prospettive e criteri dell’etica sociale cattolica
Authors: Vogt Markus
Published: April 2024

The transformations of work, which were the starting point for the elaboration of Catholic social teaching in the 19th century, are still a central challenge today. However, precarious work that now seems to prevail is not a destiny. In accordance with the encyclical “Laborem Exercens” (1981), a key document of the Catholic social teaching analysed in this chapter, the dignity of work and the priority of work over capital as well as the right to work and to a fair wage must be respected. The minimum wage as well as the balance between work and leisure through the protection of rest days are among the tools that can transpose these ethical guidelines into the contemporary world of work.
Lavoro e società nel Medioevo: trasformazioni, contraddizioni e nuovi orizzonti
Authors: Ammannati Francesco
Published: April 2024

The medieval approach to work was ambivalent, influenced by conflicting cultural legacies, as seen in the tripartite society and tensions between labour and ascetic ideals. The text explores medieval labour contracts, emphasising nuanced relations between servitude, subordination, and freedom, both in rural and urban context, highlighting evolving worker statuses in guilds. Medieval views on mechanical arts challenged Greco-Roman disdain, with intellectuals reconciling manual arts with divine wisdom, reshaping perceptions of practical skills. Societal changes, including city growth and merchant inclusion, challenged traditional orders: a new human perspective shaped by cities, merchants, rationality, and time, paved the way for ‘new man’ of the Renaissance.
Il lavoro degli ingegneri rinascimentali tra realtà e immaginazione
Authors: Bernardoni Andrea
Published: April 2024

During the fifteenth century in Italy and in Europe, craftsmen and engineers became the protagonists of an important cultural innovation. The growing literacy of technicians and the introduction of rigorous graphic codes to drawing the machines favored the consolidation of a speculative dimension of engineering which gave rise to the publication of treatises on techniques. The "culture of the machine", both military and civilian, became increasingly important in Renaissance society until the conditions were created for the consolidation of a progressive mentality. This propensity for innovation and mechanization of work led to the birth of the first offices for the protection the economic exploitation of inventions.
Il lavoro pratico arriva alla letteratura
Authors: Cherchi Paolo
Published: April 2024

The Sixteenth century gradually overcame the inadequate consideration previously accorded to pratical work. Cornelius Agrippa, De incertitudine scientiarum (1529) treated many menial jobs next to the noble ones, and he had a negative attitude towards the workers who tranformed necessary trades into fake disciplines. The “professors of secrets” dispelled such negativity by publishing the recipes of their products. Vannoccio Biringucci’s Pirotecnia (1540) showed that scientific kowledge goes into the extraction and fusion of metals. Leonardo Fioravanti in his Specchio di tutte le scienze (1563) described humble and noble works. He opened the door to a flood of publications on all sorts of practical works from silk production, to distillation, dancing and tailoring. Finally the work had become a worthy subject for literature.
Il tema del lavoro nell’utopia rinascimentale
Authors: Punzo Luigi
Published: April 2024

In Utopia, an island in the tropics, work is done by all inhabitants, including women and work activity is characterized by social commitment and participation of everybody. The reduced time devoted to daily work and the refusal of private property make other liberal activities possible
Tommaso Campanella’s The City of the Sun proposes an even more radical communist model of society, where women too are in common. A pedagogical and playful vision definitely abolishes the division between intellectual and manual work. In Francis Bacon’s New Atlantis the meeting of “utopia” with the nascent modern scientific thought completes the evolution of the concept and the modalities of work, and the distinction between intellectual and manual work disappears.
La riscoperta dell’ozio nella letteratura inglese di fine Ottocento: Robert Louis Stevenson, Jerome K. Jerome, Oscar Wilde
Authors: Bellini Federico
Published: April 2024

The Victorian era is often considered to have been dominated by the 'Gospel of work', that is, the ideology that identified work as one of the supreme virtues. However, starting from about the 1870s, this ideology started to be more and more radically questioned by several writers who claimed in favour of idleness. In this essay, I analyse and compare three of the most relevant British partisans of idleness of the period – Robert Louis Stevenson, Jerome K. Jerome and Oscar Wilde –, in order to show how idleness played a key role in the development of their poetic and how they contributed to its reevaluation as an alternative value for the modern times.
Bergson di fronte alla seconda rivoluzione industriale: dalla divisione tecnica del lavoro al lavoro intelligente della société ouverte
Authors: Roni Riccardo
Published: April 2024

Bergson’s reflection on labour is significantly present in his courses, public speeches and major published works. During the Second Industrial Revolution, he identifies the technical division of labour as the starting point of a long process of social transformation toward the “open society”. As I show in this article, Bergson, however, does not want the change of labour as such, but only the preservation of the intelligent one. Therefore, it is not possible to extrapolate from his position an alternative proposal to the simple appeal to the utopian dimension of a society that remains divided into classes. A conflict that much of the intellectual class of his time, at least those of liberal orientation, was still unwilling to resolve.
Motivazioni e inconscio nelle organizzazioni lavorative. Percorsi psicoanalitici
Authors: Fornaro Mauro
Published: April 2024

Taking into account the complexity and variety of psychoanalysis today, the author first investigates the subjective motivations for work and the individual ways of living working relationships. Noting, then, that most of the work nowadays takes place within organizations of various types, the author highlights, retracing the 'socio-analytical' and similar orientations, the intriguing emotional dynamics, mostly unconscious, acting in organizations 'below' the formally regulated institutional dimensions. Some attention is also paid to the operational implications of these researches and to 'clinical' attempts to make work within organizations less uncomfortable.
Il fabianesimo. La causa del Minimum nazionale e le sue declinazioni
Authors: Palazzolo Claudio
Published: April 2024

This paper reconstructs the Fabian conception of labor through the comparison of the most mature works by the Webbs on industrial democracy with the scattered references to the Fabian Essays in Socialism contained in contributions by Sidney Webb, Shaw, Besant and Wallas. What characterizes Fabianism is its aim to achieve maximum productive efficiency, and the conviction that it is in the possibilities and purposes of socialism to protect workers through a binding code of conditions regarding labor. However, there is no opportunity for the workers to question corporate hierarchy and have a say in corporate policy decisions. In the conclusions, which contain references to the Guild Movement alternative, I highlight the limits and aporias of Fabian efficiency.
Tra taylorismo e fordismo: il lavoratore nella società industriale
Authors: Seghezzi Francesco
Published: April 2024

Often considered as a whole, Taylorism and Fordism are two concepts that express different realities, with different extensions and practical applications. The chapter explores these two paradigms showing their differences together with their strong connections. The aim is understanding what the underlying vision of work is, from which over time a precise and dominant vision of society and of economic and social relations has arisen which governed the West between 1910 and 1975 and which in part is still present today. A vision that, far from being neutral, implies a specific ideology of the relationship between human beings and work.
Il lavoro come progetto educativo nel pensiero di John Dewey
Authors: Striano Maura
Published: April 2024

The chapter explores the theme of work in John Dewey's pedagogical thought within a cultural, economic and social framework in reference to the historical context of the time and in relation to his idea of emocracy, understood as an ethical project.
Lo studio della struttura di boschi vetusti nell’Appennino meridionale come base per la definizione di approcci selvicolturali sostenibili
Authors: Iovino Francesco
Published: April 2024

Il lavoro, dopo una breve sintesi sull’ importanza e sul significato delle foreste vetuste, riporta un’analisi  delle modalità di gestione che hanno determinato la semplificazione strutturale dei boschi lungo l’Appennino Meridionale.  In base ai risultati  di studi  presenti in letteratura, viene eseguita una  comparazione delle caratteristiche strutturali di faggete e pinete di laricio,  gestite applicando  forme di uso tradizionale, con boschi delle stesse tipologie fisionomiche ma con caratteri di vetustà. Da tali  studi è emerso come in entrambi i casi  la tipologia strutturale è di tipo stratificato a piccoli gruppi. La differenza di età tra i gruppi, nei boschi vetusti è data dall’intervallo di tempo con cui si verificano i crolli delle piante; in quelli nei quali è applicato il «taglio a scelta a piccoli gruppi», è, invece,  dovuta  all’intervallo tra un intervento e il successivo. Il lavoro evidenzia, : a) come la dinamica strutturale indotta da quest’ultima modalità di trattamento  si avvicini a quella che avviene in assenza dell’intervento antropico; b)  in quale misura le forme tradizionali di utilizzo dei boschi riproducano di fatto la dinamica naturale; c)  l’importanza  dello studio delle formazioni vetuste per ricavare  indicazioni sui trattamenti selvicolturali sostenibili.
Pengaruh kerapatan briket campuran tempurung kelapa dan bonggol jagung terhadap kinerja kompor biomassa
Authors: Khusaini Risky , Rahman Jhonni
Published: April 2024

Potensi energi biomassa di Indonesia yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi yakni sebesar 146,7 ton per tahun. Salah satu energi terbarukan dan keberadaanya berlimpah adalah biomassa yaitu dengan pembuatan briket mengunakan kompor biomassa. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepadatan briket tempurung kelapa dan bonggol jagung terhadap performa kompor biomassa. Pengujian ini menggunakan variasi tekanan kempa briket yaitu 1, 3, dan 5 kg. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kerapatan pada tekanan 1, 3, dan 5 kg menghasilkan kerapatan sebesar 0,843 g/cm3, 0,905 g/cm3, dan 1,032 g/cm3. Perbedaan kerapatan berpengaruh terhadap performa kompor biomassa. Tekanan kempa yang terbaik terdapat pada tekanan 5 kg.
Analisis pengaruh sudut blade L terhadap performa turbin angin savonius-darrieus menggunakan computational fluida dynamic (CFD)
Authors: Kurniasandy Bagus
Published: April 2024

Turbin Savonius-Darrieus merupakan salah satu turbin angin sumbu vertikal yang memiliki poros yang disusun tegak lurus sejajar dengan arah angin, sehingga mampu menerima angin dari segala arah. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan memodifikasi sudut blade berbentuk lengkung L dengan variasi sudut kelengkungan blade turbin sebanyak 3 variasi sudut, yaitu masing-masing 10⁰, 20⁰, dan 30⁰, serta menyimulasikan turbin angin mengggunakan metode CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) dengan variabel kecepatan angin 2 m/s, 2,1 m/s , 2,4 m/s, dan 2,5 m/s. Grafik hubungan kecepatan angin terhadap maximum velocity, dan grafik hubungan antara kecepatan angin terhadap maximum pressure dapat diketahui bahwa turbin angin sudut blade 30° memiliki nilai maximum velocity tertinggi dengan nilai 4.387 m/s-1 pada kecepatan angin 2,5 m/s. Turbin angin sudut blade 20° memiliki nilai maximum velocity tertinggi dengan nilai 4.288 m/s-1 pada kecepatan angin 2,5 m/s. Turbin angin sudut blade 10° memiliki nilai maximum velocity tertinggi dengan nilai 4.280 m/s-1 pada kecepatan angin 2,5 m/s. Turbin angin sudut blade 30° memiliki nilai maximum pressure tertinggi dengan nilai 4,111 Pa pada kecepatan angin 2,5 m/s. Turbin angin sudut blade 20° memiliki nilai maximum pressure tertinggi dengan nilai 4,795 Pa pada kecepatan angin 2,5 m/s. Turbin angin sudut blade 10° memiliki nilai maximum pressure tertinggi dengan nilai 4,105 Pa pada kecepatan angin 2,5 m/s.
Rancang bangun mesin pencetak bakso berbasis pneumatik
Authors: Mustika Widya Sinta , Irwan Purnama , Romiyadi  , Ramaddan Arya Imansyah
Published: April 2024

Bakso merupakan salah satu hidangan kuliner yang banyak diminati masyarakat. Namun, proses pencetakan bakso secara konvensional menggunakan tangan dan sendok, dinilai kurang efisien dalam proses produksi baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitas. Adapun, mesin pencetak bakso yang tersedia secara komersil memiliki ukuran yang bulky dan rumit untuk digunakan. Oleh karena itu, perancangan mesin pencetak bakso yang memiliki dimensi lebih kecil dapat dikembangkan dengan harga yang lebih terjangkau. Kajian ini dimulai dengan merancang mesin pencetak bakso menggunakan aplikasi SolidWorks, dengan rancangan rangka yang terbuat dari besi profil U, wadah bakso yang terbuat dari silinder stainless steel, dan serta packaging box untuk sistem listrik dari relay. Dalam pengoperasian mesin pencetak bakso, pneumatik digunakan sebagai sistem penggerak dengan time delay relay sebagai pengontrol waktu pemotongan adonan bakso. Pembuatan mesin ini menghasilkan mesin pencetak bakso berbasis pneumatik dengan tekanan konstan, dengan sistem otomatis menggunakan time delay relay 2 detik pemotong maju dan 0,2 detik pemotong mundur. Dari pengujian mesin, mengaplikasikan massa adonan bakso 2,5 kg, diperoleh 192 butir bakso, dengan lama waktu pengerjaan 7 menit 29 detik, dengan sisa massa adonan sebanyak 4 ons, dan diameter rata-rata bakso 24,95 mm.
Rancang bangun rangka alat uji torsi sederhana berbasis eddy current menggunakan roller conveyor
Authors: Herakarsono Alfianto , Gamayel Adhes , Zaenudin Mohamad
Published: April 2024

Pengujian torsi suatu kendaraan bermotor, terutama kendaraan bermotor roda dua (sepeda motor) sering memerlukan peralatan yang dianggap mahal dan sulit dijangkau pada skala laboratorium yang masih kecil. Namun demikian, uji torsi dianggap penting untuk mengetahui unjuk kerja suatu sepeda motor dengan menggunakan bahan bakar tertentu, misalnya campuran bahan bakar yang dipakai luas seperti bensin dicampurkan dengan minyak nabati tertentu, untuk mencari bahan bakar alternatif. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan suatu alat uji torsi sederhana yang dapat dirancang dan digunakan sebagai studi awal suatu bahan bakar alternatif. Dalam kajian ini, dirancang rangka alat uji torsi sederhana berbasis eddy current dengan sebuah roller conveyor. Sebelum rangka dibentuk, rancangan rangka dianalisis dengan menggunakan piranti lunak ANSYS untuk dipelajari karakteristik pembebanan dan deformasinya. Hasil simulasinya menunjukkan bahwa rancangan rangka dapat digunakan dengan gaya pembebanan sebesar 294 N pada area eddy current dan 981 N pada area roller. Rangka kemudian dibangun dengan menggunakan besi hollow ukuran 4x6 cm dengan jenis material ASTM A500. Kajian ini telah berhasil merancang dan memproduksi rangka alat uji torsi sederhana berbasis eddy current dengan menggunakan roller conveyor.
Sintesis polianilin (PANi) dengan metode polimerisasi interfasial sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan sensor gas amonia (NH3)
Authors: M Aras Neny Rasnyanti , Irwan Muh
Published: April 2024

One of the main components in IoT-based devices is sensors. Polyaniline is a conductive polymer that has great potential to be developed as an active layer for chemical sensors because it has high sensitivity, is easy to synthesize and its electrical conductivity can be adjusted. This study aims to synthesize and characterize polyaniline using the interfacial polymerization method. In this study, polyaniline was synthesized by varying the aniline concentration of 2, 3, and 5 M, then its functional groups were characterized using FTIR and its conductivity and sensitivity were measured with an LCR meter. The result shows that polyaniline is in the form of emeraldine salt which is characterized by the formation of absorption bands at concentrations of 2, 3, and 5 M, respectively, 1,141.86 cm-1, 1,139 cm-1 and 1,139.93 cm-1. The highest conductivity was obtained at a concentration of 2 M, namely 4.9x10-5 and a sensitivity of 82.8% for an ammonia concentration of 100 ppm. So it can be concluded that the polyaniline obtained is a form of semiconducting emeraldine salt.