bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic analysis and resource use efficiency of carrot production in Chitwan district, Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Bina , Tripathi Kalyani Mishra , Parajuli Sapana , Gautam Samikshya , Adhikari Gaurav , Sharma Bala , Bhandari Subash
Published: November 2020

A study was conducted from February to May 2020 to analyze the cost-benefit economics analysis and resource use efficiency of carrot production in Chitwan, Nepal. Altogether 70 households producing carrot were selected randomly and surveyed through the pre-tested semi-structured interview-based schedule. Data was entered and coded using SPSS 25 and analyzed using STATA 12.1. The study revealed that the total variable cost per hectare for carrot production was US $1803.1 and a benefit-cost ratio of 1.81 was estimated. Cobb-Douglas production function models the relationship between production output and production inputs . Production function analysis including seven explanatory variables, showed a significant positive effect of seed cost, tractor cost and human labor cost (P<0.01), fertilizer and manure cost (P<0.05) on gross return but herbicide cost, packaging cost, vitamin and micronutrients cost were found insignificant. The return to scale was found to be 1.42. According to estimated allocative efficiency indices, it is suggested to increase the seed, fertilizer and manure, tractor labor and  human labor costs by approximately 45%, 74%, 67%, and 79% respectively and reduce the herbicide and packaging costs approximately by 116% and 246% respectively. The adoption of modern technologies with adjustments to resource use should be suggested to maximize the productivity and profit from carrot production.
Effect of plastic mulches on growth and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Dadeldhura, Nepal
Authors: Bhatta Manoj , Shrestha Bhimsen , Devkota Ananta Raj , Joshi Khem Raj , Bhattarai Sabin , Dhakal Umisha
Published: November 2020

A field experiment was conducted from February to June, 2020 at Bhatkanda, Dadeldhura, Nepal to assess the effectiveness of plastic mulches in potato production. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications comprising of five treatments viz: T1: white plastic mulch (white on black colored), T2: silver plastic mulch (silver on black colored), T3: perforated black plastic mulch, T4: black plastic mulch and T5: control (without mulch). Results revealed that the black plastic mulch significantly increased the rate of emergence while perforated black plastic exhibited highest values of all other studied growth parameters, yield components and quality parameters. The highest marketable tuber yield was obtained in perforated black plastic (6.05 kg/m2) followed by silver plastic (5.62 kg/m2), white plastic (5.46 kg/m2), black plastic (5.14 kg/m2) and lowest marketable tuber yield was obtained in control condition (4.07 kg/m2). Similarly, temperature difference between controlled and mulched condition at 15 cm depth of soil was observed up to 2.8°C with its highest value in black plastic mulch and lowest in control condition. The perforated black plastic mulch was found most economical with maximum value of net return (NRs. 1904.31 thousands/ha) and B: C ratio (5.83). This study concludes that the use of perforated black plastic mulch is most economical with optimum plant growth and yield, producing best quality potatoes under climatic condition of Dadeldhura, Nepal.
Application of micro algae in poultry nutrition; a review
Authors: Thapa Puja
Published: November 2020

In this review, we unveil the the use of microalgae as a feed ingredient in poultry nutrition. Microalgae are small-sized algae, unicellular, photosynthetic aquatic plants which have been studied as a natural marine resource for a number of economically applications, including animal feed. They are introduced to poultry diets mainly as a rich source of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, including docohexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid, but they can also serve as a protein, microelement, vitamin and antioxidants source, as well as a pigmentation agent for skin and egg yolks. The majority of experiments have shown that microalgae, mainly Spirulina and Chlorella sourced as a defatted biomass from biofuel production, can be successfully used as a feed ingredient in poultry nutrition. They can have beneﬁcial effects on meat and egg quality, through an increased concentration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids, and in regards to performance indices and immune function. Positive results were obtained when fresh microalgae biomass was used to replace antibiotic growth promoters in poultry diets. Because of their chemical composition, microalgae can be efﬁciently used in poultry nutrition to enhance the pigmentation and nutritional value of meat and eggs, as well as partial replacement of conventional dietary protein sources.
Geostatistical based soil fertility mapping of Horticultural Research Station, Rajikot, Jumla, Nepal
Authors: Khadka Dinesh , Lamichhane Sushil , Giri Raj K. , Chalise Basant , Amgain Rita , Joshi Sushila
Published: November 2020

Geostatistical soil mapping is important for determining spatial distribution of soil parameters. This study was conducted to assess soil spatial distribution of the Horticultural Research Station, Rajikot, Jumla, Nepal. The total 27 samples were collected randomly at a depth of 0-20 cm by using soil sampling auger. A GPS device was used for determination of geographical position of soil sampling points. The collected samples were analyzed following standard analytical methods in the laboratory of National Soil Science Research Centre, Khumaltar. The Arc-GIS 10.1 software was used for the mapping spatial distribution of various soil parameters. The observed data revealed the structure was sub-angular blocky and granular, whereas colour were dark brown to dark grayish brown and dark yellowish brown. The sand, silt and clay content were ranged 24.40-72.10%, 19.40-63.10% and 6.20-14.50%, respectively and categorized loam, sandy loam and silt loam in texture. The soil pH was slightly acidic to moderately alkaline (5.01-8.06), and very low available sulphur (0.59-2.41 mg/kg) and very low to low available boron (0.04-0.87 mg/kg).  Moreover, very low to medium available manganese (2.18-13.46 mg/kg), very low to very high available iron (4.50-138.58 mg/kg), and low to medium available magnesium (7.20-177.60.53 mg/kg) and zinc (0.26-1.66 mg/kg). Similarly, medium total nitrogen (0.09-0.22%), medium to high organic matter (1.71-6.26%) and available calcium (1200-3144 mg/kg), medium to very high available phosphorus (3.71-82.4 mg/kg) and potassium (59.37-173.05 mg/kg). Correspondingly, high to very high available copper (0.78-4.20 mg/kg). The determined soil test data can be used for sustainable soil management as well as developing future research strategy in the farm.
Screening of rice genotypes for leaf blast resistance under field condition
Authors: Sharma Pratiksha , Magar Prem Bahadur , Baidya Suraj , Yadaw Ram Baran
Published: November 2020

Blast, caused by Pyriculariagrisea (Sacc.) is the most destructive disease of rice in Nepal. To identify the sources of leaf blast resistance in rice genotypes, a field experiment was conducted under natural epiphytotic condition at National Plant Pathology Research Centre (NPPRC), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal during summer season in 2018 and 2019.A total of 128 rice genotypes in 2018 and 291during 2019 including resistant check (Sabitri) and susceptible check (Shankharika/Mansuli) were tested. Field experiment was conducted in single rod row design. Leaf blast disease assessment was done according to 0-9 scale. During 2018, 59 entries were highly resistant (Score 0), 34 resistant (Score 1), 26 moderately resistant (Score 2-3), 5 were moderately susceptible (Score 4-5), 4 susceptible (Score 6-7) and none of them were highly susceptible (Score 8-9) to leaf blast. Similarly, in 2019, 6 lines were highly resistant, 70 resistant, 196 moderately resistant, 15 lines were moderately susceptible, 4 susceptible and none of them were highly susceptible to the disease. Only, one genotype NR2179-82-2-4-1-1-1-1 (Score 1) was found resistant in both years. Similarly, genotype NR2182-22-1-3-1-1-1 (Score 2-3) was found moderately resistant. Some of the genotypes were found resistant in 2018 which become moderately resistant in 2019, they were NR2180-20-2-5-1-1-1-1, IR97135-8-3-1-3, IR98786-13-1-2-1, NR2181-139-1-3-1-1-1-1, and IR13F402. So, findings of these resistant and moderately resistant genotypes could be used in resistant source for the development of leaf blast resistant rice varieties through hybridization in future.
In-vitro evaluation of botanicals and fungicides against Bipolaris sorokiniana, causing spot blotch of wheat
Authors: Magar Prem Bahadur , Baidya Suraj , Koju Rabina , Adhikary Sagar
Published: November 2020

Spot blotch disease of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana; is one of the most concerning disease in warm and humid regions of Nepal due to its widespread prevalence and increasing severity. An in-vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different botanicals and fungicides against Bipolaris sorokiniana, in National Plant Pathology Research Centre’s laboratory at Khumaltar, Lalitpur in 2019. The experiment was done in completely randomized design with three replications by poison food technique. Five botanicals viz. neem, garlic, eucalyptus, bojho and asuro at three different concentrations (5%, 10% and 15%) and eight fungicides viz. sectin, curex, bavistin, vacomil plus, saaf, sajha, criptan and tilt at three concentration levels (25 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm) except curex (50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm) were used to evaluate the effect on the radial mycelial growth and mycelial growth inhibition percentage of the pathogen. The different botanical extracts and fungicides in different concentrations inhibited the mycelial growth of fungus significantly (p<0.01). The highest mycelial growth inhibition percentage was found by the application of garlic clove extract (52.85%) at 15% which was followed by bojho (52.48%) at 15% concentration. While tilt was found effective fungicide which completely inhibits the mycelial growth at all concentrations. Also, fungicides viz. sajha (79.78%), saaf (73.59%) and sectin (70%), at 100 ppm were found effective in controlling the pathogen as compare to others. Mycelial growth inhibition of the fungus was found to be increased with the increase in concentrations of botanicals and fungicides.
A survey and assessment of grasshoppers’ population in various sugarcane growing areas of Harion municipality in Sarlahi district, Nepal
Authors: Paudel Kapil , Dangi Naresh , Ansari Anisur Rahman , Regmi Rashmi
Published: November 2020

A small-scale study of grasshopper populations was undertaken in Harion municipality of Sarlahi district to ascertain whether grasshopper population in sugarcane growing areas is changing in consecutive years 2014 and 2015. The regular sugarcane growing areas were randomly selected and the survey was conducted to estimate the population in those consecutive years in 14 different locations where outbreak of Hieroglyphus banian (Fabricius) has occurred. The per square meter population was estimated using a ‘T’ shape which was made by tying 1m long two sticks to estimate one square meter area. The population of two consecutive years was compared to study the relationship between two years populations. The grasshopper infestation by risk category indicated that infestation warranted rating of severe in ward seven, eight and nine for 2015 from the population of 2014 AD. For 2016 AD, the risk was found low as most of the areas was categorized as moderate to light category as the population was found low in 2015 AD. Grasshopper population densities were found higher in some areas of Sarlahi district in the first year as compared to the second year. The population level in the first year was not found to induce population in next year as the population decreased in the second year. The trend of grasshopper population was not so threatening as the population was not found increasing in these years so was risk for next year. This might be due to the management of grasshoppers in nymphal stage in previous year, weather parameters, location, inter-cultural operations, decreasing of the rationing crops or presence of natural enemies. These findings provide guidance for the farmers in relation to grasshopper management and for future survey programs in relation to targeting regions of the district at risk from grasshoppers.
Nutritional requirement and its role on honeybee: a review
Authors: Pudasaini Rameshwor , Dhital Bigya , Chaudhary Smiriti
Published: November 2020

Honey bees play significant role in crop pollination. As, honeybee nutrition is raising global topic in beekeeping, it’s essential nutrients, nutrient sources and  role in honey bees are reviewed in this paper. Like other animals, honeybees also need carbohydrate, protein, vitamins, minerals and water. These nutrients are primarily supplemented by pollen, nectar, royal jelly or water. Adequate supplement of these nutrients play significant role in growth and development in honeybees and also development of immunity in honeybees. Knowledge of bee nutrition helps to manage nutrient in bee colony and prevents them from different diseases and pests.
Effects of integrated nutrient management in early season cauliflower production and its residual effects on soil properties
Authors: Neupane Babita , Aryal Krishna , Chhetri Lal Bahadur , Regmi Shishir
Published: November 2020

This experiment was conducted in the farmer’s field at Khajrauta, Gadhawa-4, Dang, Nepal to evaluate the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of cauliflower as well as their residual effects on soil properties. The cauliflower variety silvercup-60 was grown under eight different treatments; T1: 50% N through RDF + 50% N through FYM; T2: 50% N through RDF + 50% N through PM; T3: 50% N through RDF + 50% N through VC, T4: 50% N through RDF + 25% N through FYM + 25% N through PM; T5: 50% N through RDF + 25% N through VC + 25% N through PM; T6: 50% N through RDF + 25% N through VC + 25% N through FYM; T7: 50% N through RDF + 25% N through  VC +25% N through FYM; T8: 50% N through RDF + 50% N  through FYM,VC and poultry manure. The experiment was laid out in RCB design with three replications. The result revealed that the  highest plant height (36.40 cm), number of leaves (15), plant spread (31.72 cm), leaf area (526.5 cm2), curd weight (207.3g) and curd yield (12.85 t/ha) were found under 50% N through RDF +50% N through VC. The root length, root diameter and root density were better under all INM treatments as compared to 100% N through RDF. INM treatments showed lesser bulk density, lesser particle density, greater infiltration rate and greater organic matter content than application of 100% N through RDF. Soil total nitrogen was increased in all INM treatments while soil available phosphorus decreases in all treatments except 100% N trough RDF and 50% N through RDF +50% N through PM. Thus, farmers are suggested to apply 50% N through VC along with 50% N through RDF to increase cauliflower yield.
Response of pipeline Nepalese maize hybrids to different doses of chemical fertilizers under varying plant densities
Authors: Adhikari Jagat Bandhu , K.C. Govind , Regmi Dhurba
Published: November 2020

Low plant population and inadequate fertilizer application are constraints for maize production among farmers in Nepal. In order to identify the integrated effects of plant density and fertilizer dose for production of hybrid maize, series of on station experiments were carried out at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal using strip plot design with three replications during winter seasons in two consecutive years 2016/17 and 2017/18. Two promising Nepalese hybrids namely RML-95/RML-96 and RML-86/RML-96 were taken as vertical factor whereas five densities viz. 55,555 ha-1(D1), 66,666 ha-1 (D2), 77,519 ha-1 (D3), 87,719 ha-1 (D4) and 98,039 ha-1 (D5) in combination with two doses of NPK fertilizers i.e. recommended and rational as horizontal factor. Recommended dose of NPK for maize was 120:60:40 kg ha-1 and the rational doses for above mentioned densities were calculated based on bench mark of fertilizer recommendation for 53,333 plants ha-1. Derived rational doses of NPK for D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 were 125:63:42, 150:75:50, 174:87:58, 197:99:66, 221:110:74 kg ha-1 respectively. Genotypic variation of two tested hybrids for growth, yield attributes and grain yield were found statistically similar. However, planting the hybrids in various densities and fertilizer doses significantly influenced grain yield ranging from 5.63 to 7.91 t ha-1. Significantly higher grain yield (7.91 t ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.21) were observed when plant population was maintained at 77,519 ha-1 with fertilizer dose 174:87:58 NPK kg ha-1.  Applying fertilizer as rational dose enhanced the yield up to the density of 77519 plants ha-1 then the yield gradually declined as the density increased. Whereas recommended dose of fertilizer with increasing plant density from 55,555 to 87,719 ha-1 had statistically similar yield and declined more at 98039 ha-1.  The present recommended dose of fertilizer application is inadequate for higher plant density to increase the grain yield of hybrid maize
Constructivism over Determinism
Authors: Ritz Cody
Published: November 2020

The literal voice is a principal contributor to identity construction. Consequently, it is a common source of gender dysphoria for transgender females undergoing voice feminisation. Much of the research in this field has primarily viewed this phenomenon from a determinist perspective, equating physiology with vocal identity. Although many approaches to voice feminisation rely on this predominately physiological point of view, objective measures defining voice femininity are not always correlated with transgender client satisfaction (Dacakis et al., 2017: 835–37). This evidence demonstrates the need to look at the voice more constructively—or as a conglomeration of many social, physical and cultural factors—in therapeutic voice interventions. Previously reported clinical outcomes and empirical research concerning the links between the voice and gender identity give credence to this constructivist perspective, which must be more heavily emphasised in transgender voice feminisation approaches moving forward.
Post-exercise hot water immersion elicites heat acclimation responses in endurance and recreational athletes. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Martin Jack Paul
Published: November 2020

Aims 
This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of heat acclimation (HA) via hot water immersion protocols and their effect on time trial (TT) performance, heart rate (HRE, HRM and HRTT), rectal temperature (Tre), Rate of perceived exertion (RPE), psychological stress index (PhSI), thermal comfort (Tcomf), thermal sensation (Tsen) and maximum oxygen uptake (Vo2max). 
Methods 
Pubmed, Scopus, Sportdiscus and Web of Science databases were used alongside the grey matter sites Google Scholar and Researchgate. The databases were then searched for randomised control trials and mixed-method design studies. Two RTCs, six repeated measure design studies and one randomised crossover design study were included after screening a total of 50 titles and 28 full-text articles. Sample sizes range from 1 - 13 with all participants having not participated in any form of heat training 6 months before their inclusion in the study. 
Results 
The mean difference (MD) for Heart rate (HR) was -9.1125 BPM (95% CI p = 0.026) and was considered to be statistically significant. The MD for Rectal temperature (Tre) effect size was -0.3814 Tre (°C) (95% CI; p = 0.05). The MD for sweat rate was 0.085; (96% CI; p = 0.0179)
The changes in RPE, PhSI, Tcomf and Tsen were too small to be considered statistically significant. There was no significant difference between pre and post HA for Vo2max and PV. 
This meta-analysis implies that HA via HWI may improve tolerance to discomfort during heat exposure and thus subsequently improve physical performance during exercise in hot conditions.
Conclusion 
The primary finding of this meta-analysis is that athletic performance is improved with post-exercise hot water immersion heat acclimation training. 
HWI HA protocols should focus on the following guidelines: 
40-50 minutes of submaximal exercise (>65% of Vo2max) should be followed directly (within 10 minutes) by 40 minutes of hot water immersion at 40°C with the individual immersed up to their neck. 
The HA protocol should last between 6-9 days with a single bout of HWI every day for this period.
Pandemic Objects: Photographs
Authors: Sullivan Sarah
Published: November 2020

None.
Exhibition Review: Pandemic Objects: TicToc
Authors: Kunjumon Alice
Published: November 2020

None.
ENERGY SECURITY OF UKRAINE: THE THREAT OF LONG-TERM ENERGY RESOURCES DEPLETION
Authors: Khalatov A.A. , Fialko N.M. , Tymchenko M.P.
Published: November 2020

In the context of the energy transition, the impact on the energy security of Ukraine of the global threat of depletion of the main types of fossils of traditional energy resources is analyzed. The peculiarities of FER consumption in the recent period in the world as a whole, in the EU and in Ukraine are considered. It points to the fundamental difference in the dynamics of consumption of fossil fuels in the world as a whole and in the EU. The data concerning the proved world reserves of traditional energy resources and terms of their exhaustion are given. Estimates of fossil fuels own stocks in Ukraine are presented and prospects of their use are considered. It is indicated that the development of nuclear energy in Ukraine is promising (as one of the directions of decarbonization of energy in the French interpretation) given the significant world geological reserves of various uranium isotopes. At the same time, it is noted that hybrid technologies of nuclear power deserve special attention.
CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN KYIV CITY, UKRAINE
Authors: Sigal O. , Pavliuk N.
Published: November 2020

The aim of this paper is to determine upcoming trends for use of the energy potential of municipal solid waste in Kyiv city, Ukraine. The current state and development prospects of this area of waste management is considered. This article presents the approaches to the use of energy potential of municipal solid waste in Poland.  It is demonstrated that the amount of Waste-to-Energy Plant in Poland has been growing dynamically after 2015. This approach is consistent with the goals set by the National Waste Management Strategy in Ukraine. An analysis of the energy potential of municipal solid waste in Kyiv showed that the energy efficiency of mixed solid waste incineration differs slightly from incineration of RDF combined with biogas. The main factors affecting the economic efficiency of thermal treatment of MSW are capital costs of the construction of plants with a high-quality system for flue-gas cleaning, operating costs of energy production and the cost of raw materials. Combined mixed waste incineration at Waste-to-Energy Plant entails only capital costs. The introduction of the technology of mechanical and biological treatment of MSW requires additional capital costs of the construction of MBT systems. Operating costs of the production of RDF and biogas increase fuel costs. It has been demonstrated that the most appropriate approach for burning of MSW in Kiev is the construction of a Waste-to-Energy Plant. The discrepancy between the amount of MSW produced in Kyiv city and the statistical population of the last is shown, which confirms that a significant number of unregistered residents live in the capital.
DETERMINATION OF DEFECTS SIZES AND THEIR POSITION DURING ULTRASONIC CONTROL BY METHODS OF MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER SIMULATION
Authors: Babak V.P. , Bogachev I.V. , Khaidurov V.V.
Published: November 2020

The use of sound waves to study the integrity of various metal structures is the most relevant method. The relevance is traced, in particular, in the ease of conducting such experiments, as well as its cheapness. The design of various parts requires the use of modern computer technology, which, using a mathematical apparatus that describes the process, allows you to determine the actual characteristics of the material to determine durability. This approach makes it possible to effectively create design solutions in order to create new parts and upgrade existing materials to extend their service life.

The purpose of this work is to build mathematical models of homogeneous wave processes and their analysis in the form of computational experiments to control the passage of sound signals through the surface of the studied materials of objects. This approach is used to determine the influence of geometric parameters of defects in the form of cracks through which the signal passes, on its characteristics, which it describes after passing through these defects to the signal receiver, in particular, is the amplitude and frequency.

For computational experiments, a point exciter of harmonic oscillations and a point receiver were chosen, which are located on different sides relative to the defect of a simple geometric shape. It should be noted that even minor defects affect the amplitude of the received signal, which passed through such defects. When a signal passes through defects of a simple geometric shape, the amplitude of such a signal decreases by 5–8 times and the average frequency decreases by 2–3 times.
MODELING OF POROUS MEDIA BY THE LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD
Authors: Avramenko A.A. , Tyrinov A.I. , Domashev V.E. , Kovalenko A.V.
Published: November 2020

The principles of modeling heat and mass transfer and hydrodynamics of flows in porous media using the lattices Boltzmann method are considered. The methodology for implementing the Darcy law for the lattices Boltzmann method is shown.

In contrast to traditional numerical schemes based on discretization of continuous medium equations, the lattices Boltzmann method is based on microscopic models and mesoscopic kinetic equations. The fundamental idea of the lattices Boltzmann method is to build such simplified kinetic models that include the existing physics of microscopic or mesoscopic processes so that the macroscopic averaged properties correspond to the required macroscopic equations. The main premise of using this simplified method is that the macroscopic dynamics of a fluid is the result of the collective behavior of many microscopic particles of the system.

There are two approaches to modeling porous media using the lattices Boltzmann method. The first of them consists in modeling the spatial structure of the simulated system. Therefore, no additional factors need to be considered. The second approach is that the integrated characteristics of the porous medium (Darcy and Forheimer laws) are used to take into account the effect of porosity on the flow.

The purpose of this paper is to show the realization of the linear law of hydrodynamic drag (Darcy) in porous media for the lattices Boltzmann method. Usually, the main goal of direct modeling is to determine the integral characteristics of a porous medium.

The work considers the flow of fluid through a porous channel, which is formed between two flat walls. A method for implementing the Darcy law in the lattices Boltzmann method is shown.

This work will help to simulate the heat transfer and hydrodynamics of flows in porous media without the use of commercial packages.
HEAT EXCHANGE OF A SINGLE FLAT-OVAL TUBE WITH INCOMPLETE FINNING IN CONDITIONS OF FREE CONVECTION
Authors: Vozniuk M.M. , Kondratiuk V.A. , Pismennyy E. N. , Terekh A.M.
Published: November 2020

The article discusses the relevance of using of recuperative air-coolers for removing heat from the working fluid. It is shown that in order to save electricity on drive of the fans of air-cooled devices, it is advisable to transfer them to a fanless mode for a certain time of the year, while energy savings can be up to 37% per year. To increase the efficiency of air coolers, it is proposed to use flat-oval tubes with incomplete finning as their heat exchange surface. A technique for computer modeling of heat transfer of a single flat-oval tube with incomplete finning under free convection conditions is presented. Varying geometric parameters of a finned tube are substantiated when simulating its heat transfer under free convection conditions. The paper presents the results of computer simulation of the intensity of heat transfer of a single flat-oval tube with incomplete finning. It is shown that the results of CFD modeling of heat transfer of a single flat oval tube with incomplete finning are satisfactorily consistent with experimental data. The analysis of the change in the exponent with the Rayleigh number depending on the geometric characteristics of the finned tube is presented. The studies carried out made it possible to obtain calculated dependences, which, with sufficient accuracy for engineering calculations, describe the intensity of heat transfer of a single flat-oval tube with incomplete finning in a wide range of changes in its basic geometric characteristics. The developed model for calculating the heat transfer of a wide range of flat-oval pipes with incomplete finning makes it possible to select the optimal geometric characteristics of these tubes without expenses for changing and adapting the technology of their production.
ENGAGEMENT OF BIOMASS CHP FOR POWER GRID BALANCING IN UKRAINE
Authors: Geletukha G.G.
Published: November 2020

Work is aimed on determination of possibilities of biomass CHP engagement for power grid balancing in Ukraine. The principal technical possibility for biomass CHP (existing and greenfield construction) engagement for balancing is considered and confirmed. The technical concept for biomass CHP switch from baseload regime into balancing regime has been developed. For effective operation on the peak load market, the existing biomass CHP shall be additionally equipped with boiler and turbine of higher capacity to provide possibility of additional peak electricity supply to the grid. As one of the possible decisions for stimulation of biomass CHP/TPP operation in balancing regime, the mechanism for provision of incentive tariff for peak hours (morning and evening peaks) has been proposed. According to the calculation, the respective incentive tariff to stimulate biomass CHP investor for balancing operation shall be 0.273-0.279 EUR/kWh depending on the electricity supply scheme and for the ratio between balancing and baseload capacities as 6/3. It was demonstrated, that for more large-scale projects and for smaller ratio between balancing and baseload capacities, the respective tariff will be lower.
EXERGIC EFFICIENCY OF THE HEAT RECOVERY UNIT FOR WASTE GASES OF A HEAT ENGINE OF A COGENERATION PLANT
Authors: Fialko N. , Stepanova A. , Navrodskaya R. , Shevchuk S.
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the results of a study of the efficiency of a heat recovery unit for waste gases of a heat engine of a cogeneration plant. The possibilities of using for this purpose the discrete-modular principle and complex methods of analyzing the efficiency of heat recovery systems, which are based on the methods of exergo-dissipative functions and exergic balances, are analyzed. The design features of the heat exchanger are considered and a conclusion is made about the possibility of presenting it as a system of eight discrete modules. The results of calculating the exergy characteristics for each of the eight heat exchanger modules, performed within the framework of the indicated methods, are presented. A regular decrease in exergy losses and heat-exergy criterion of efficiency is observed during the transition from the first to the eighth module of the heat recovery unit. However, exergy characteristics for the third and fourth modules of the heat exchanger are somewhat higher than the indicated dependence suggests. This indicates the thermodynamic imperfection of these modules. The main exergy losses in all heat exchanger modules are associated with losses due to heat transfer from flue gases to the wall. An insignificant discrepancy between the values ​​of the total exergy losses calculated within the framework of the methods used indicates that both methods can be used in various heat recovery schemes. However, in each specific case, it is necessary to choose a methodology with which it is possible to identify individual elements that need optimization or constructive improvement. Particular attention is paid to the comparative analysis of the selected techniques and consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of their use in various cases. It is noted that the technique based on the integral balance method of exergy analysis can be considered effective due to the small number of initial parameters and the simplicity of the analytical and calculation methods. The advantage of the technique using exergo-dissipative functions is that it allows one to differentiate exergy losses in a heat exchanger and establish the causes and areas of their localization.
EXTENSION OF THE RESOURCE OF THE BURNER SWIRL BLADES OF THE BOILER TPP-312
Authors: Kobzar S.G. , Borisov I.I. , Khalatov A.A.
Published: November 2020

Numerical research of high-temperature corrosion of steel blades of the swirler of a pulverized coal burner of the TPP-312 boiler in real conditions of its operation is carried out. Data on the dynamics of oxidation of the blade surface for two steels and different operating conditions of the burners were obtained. The results of the calculation allow a reasonable assessment of the service life of the blades of the burner device. Corrosion rate calculations were performed based on the results of computer simulation of pulverized coal combustion in the boiler volume with subsequent determination of the temperature field on the blade surface.

The corrosion dynamics was determined using the experimental oxidation constants of steel given in the literature. Data were obtained for two types of low-carbon steel, two different modes of burner operation, for the number of blades 8 and 24, and for different distances of burner blades from the embrasure of the boiler furnace, a total of 16 different variants were calculated.

Calculations have shown that with increasing the distance of the blades from the embrasure of the furnace, corrosion is significantly reduced. The highest corrosion, which in its absolute value is comparable to the thickness of the blade, occurs for the disconnected burner with blades from Art. 3. The lowest corrosion occurs for the working burner with blades made from steel 20 (reduction of corrosion by 4 times), and for the disconnected burner this dependence is much smaller (reduction of corrosion by 30… 40%). References 6, Figures 5
A note on the hyperbolic-parabolic identification problem with involution and Dirichlet boundary condition
Authors:   Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey, Ashyraliyev Maksat , Ashyralyyeva Maral A. ,   Turkmen State University, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, Ashyralyev Allaberen ,   Near East University,Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia,   Institute of Mathematics and Mathematical Modeling, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: November 2020

In the present paper, a source identification problem for hyperbolic-parabolic equation with involution and Dirichlet condition is studied. The stability estimates for the solution of the source identification hyperbolicparabolic problem are established. The first order of accuracy stable difference scheme is constructed for the approximate solution of the problem under consideration. Numerical results are given for a simple test problem.
A note on the parabolic identification problem with involution and Dirichlet condition
Authors:   Near East University, Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey, Ashyralyev A. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia,   Institute of Mathematics and Mathematical Modeling, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Erdogan A.S. ,   Palm Beach State College,  FL, USA, Sarsenbi A. ,   M.Auezov SKS University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan,   Silkway International University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
Published: November 2020

A space source of identification problem for parabolic equation with involution and Dirichlet condition is studied. The well-posedness theorem on the differential equation of the source identification parabolic problem is established. The stable difference scheme for the approximate solution of this problem is presented. Furthermore, stability estimates for the difference scheme of the source identification parabolic problem are presented. Numerical results are given.
Existence and uniqueness of solutions for the system ofintegro-differential equations with three-point and nonlinear integral boundary conditions
Authors:   Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, ANAS, Baku, Azerbaijan, Mardanov M.J. , Sharifov Y.A. ,   Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, ANAS, Baku, Azerbaijan,   Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan, Ismayilova K.E. ,   Baku Engineering University, Khirdalan City, Azerbaijan
Published: November 2020

The paper examines a system of nonlinear integro-differential equations with three-point and nonlinear integral boundary conditions. The original problem demonstrated to be equivalent to integral equations by using Green function. Theorems on the existence and uniqueness of a solution to the boundary value problems for the first order nonlinear system of integro- differential equations with three-point and nonlinear integral boundary conditions are proved. A proof of uniqueness theorem of the solution is obtained by Banach fixed point principle, and the existence theorem then follows from Schaefer’s theorem.
Nonlocal boundary value problem with Poissons operator on a rectangle and its difference interpretation
Authors:   Near East University, Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey, Dovletov D.M. ,   Institute of Mathematics, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
Published: November 2020

In the present paper, differential and difference variants of nonlocal boundary value problem (NLBVP) for Poisson’s equation in open rectangular domain are studied. The existence, uniqueness and a priori estimate of classical solution are established. The second order of accuracy difference scheme is presented. The applications with weighted integral condition are provided in differential and difference variants.
Numerical solution to elliptic inverse problem with Neumann-type integral condition and overdetermination
Authors:   Gumushane University, Turkey, Ashyralyyev C. ,   TAU, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, Cay A ,   Netas Head Office, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: November 2020

In modeling various real processes, an important role is played by methods of solution source identification problem for partial differential equation. The current paper is devoted to approximate of elliptic over determined problem with integral condition for derivatives. In the beginning, inverse problem is reduced to some auxiliary nonlocal boundary value problem with integral boundary condition for derivatives. The parameter of equation is defined after solving that auxiliary nonlocal problem. The second order of accuracy difference scheme for approximately solving abstract elliptic overdetermined problem is proposed. By using operator approach existence of solution difference problem is proved. For solution of constructed difference scheme stability and coercive stability estimates are established. Later, obtained abstract results are applied to get stability estimates for solution Neumann-type overdetermined elliptic multidimensional difference problems with integral conditions. Finally, by using MATLAB program, we present numerical results for two dimensional and three dimensional test examples with short explanation on realization on computer.
Stability analysis of an ecoepidemiological model consisting of a prey and tow competing predators with Si-disease in prey and toxicant
Authors:   Near East University, TRNC, Turkey, Hincal Evren , Mohammed Shorsh ,   College of Science, University of Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Kaymakamzade Bilgen ,   Near East University, TRNC, Turkey
Published: November 2020

In the present paper, we study two eco-epidemiological models. The first one consists of a prey and two competing predators with SI-disease in prey species spreading by contacts between susceptible prey and infected prey. This model assumes linear functional response. The second model is the modification of the first one when the effect of toxicant is taken into account. In this paper, we examine the dynamical behavior of non-survival and free equilibrium points of our proposed model.
A remark on elliptic differential equations on manifold
Authors:   Near East University, Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey, Ashyralyev A. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia,   Institute of Mathematics and Mathematical Modeling, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Sozen Y. ,   Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey, Hezenci F. ,   Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
Published: November 2020

For elliptic boundary value problems of nonlocal type in Euclidean space, the well posedness has been studied by several authors and it has been well understood. On the other hand, such kind of problems on manifolds have not been studied yet. Present article considers differential equations on smooth closed manifolds. It establishes the well posedness of nonlocal boundary value problems of elliptic type, namely Neumann-Bitsadze-Samarskii type nonlocal boundary value problem on manifolds and also DirichletBitsadze-Samarskii type nonlocal boundary value problem on manifolds, in H¨older spaces. In addition, in various H¨older norms, it establishes new coercivity inequalities for solutions of such elliptic nonlocal type boundary value problems on smooth manifolds.
Basic reproduction number and effective reproduction number for North Cyprus for fighting Covid-19
Authors:   Near East University, TRNC, Turkey, Hincal Evren , Kaymakamzade Bilgen , Gokbulut Nezihal
Published: November 2020

The aim of this paper is to show how North Cyprus fought with Covid-19 by using R0 and Rt, as herd immunity. For that purpose, we used a SEIR model for basic reproduction number, R0, and calculated Rt values by using R0 values. North Cyprus is the first country in Europe to free from Covid-19 epidemic. One of the most important reasons for this is that the government decided to tackle Covid-19 pandemic by using R0 and Rt daily. For R0, we constructed a new SEIR model by using real data for North Cyprus. From March 11, 2020 to May 15, 2020, R0 varies from 0.65 to 2.38.
A note on well-posedness of source identification elliptic problem in a Banach space
Authors:   Near East University, Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey, Ashyralyev A. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia,   Institute of Mathematics and Mathematical Modeling, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Ashyralyyev C. ,   Gumushane University,Gumushane, Turkey,   TAU, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, Zvyagin V.G. ,   Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
Published: November 2020

We study the source identification problem for an elliptic differential equation in a Banach space. The exact estimates for the solution of source identification problem in H¨older norms are obtained. In applications, four elliptic source identification problems are investigated. Stability and coercive stability estimates for solution of source identification problems for elliptic equations are obtained.
HIGH TEMPERATURES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON PLANTS AND BEES
Authors: Brovarskiy V. D. , Turdaliev A. T. , Mirzakhmedova G. I.
Published: November 2020

The analysis of the effect of high ambient temperatures on entomophilous plants and honey bees is carried out. The research of the species composition of entomophilous plants, the timing of their flowering, of the temperature peaks during the summer was conducted in accordance with the conditions of the Fergana region, Uzbekistan. The ethological behavior of bees at high temperatures was carried out at Holosiivska educational and research apiary of NULES of Ukraine. Trere were used generally accepted methods at experiments. According to the research results, the maximum ambient temperatures for Fergana, Uzbekistan were determined. It is established that according to conditions of the Fergana region of Uzbekistan, honey plants and bees are most exposed to high temperatures during the second half of summer. It was analyzed the species variety of entomophilous plants of the Fergana Valley. The most common species of plants by areas of their dissemination have been identified. Plants are grouped in each zone, subject to influence of high temperatures during their flowering period. The effects of heat on the flight activity of worker bees and their behavior are determined. During the day, under the influence of high temperatures, the bees of the families did not show the same activity to flying. They actively fly off in the morning. As the temperature increased, the number of departures was decreased. This often happened from 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. During this period, the aggressiveness of bees in the colonies increased. They more often visited drinking bowls and brought water. In addition, bees actively ventilated the nests. Some of them opened the nest and hung on the walls of the hive.Under prolonged exposure of high temperatures, worker bees hung in bunches on the walls of the hive even at night. This behavior of bees lasted until the temperature dropped to 28 C and below. Given to the negative impact of global warming on flora and fauna, it is increase the importance of honey bees as part of the biocenosis of wildlife, the likelihood of extinction of many species of plants and animals. It is concluded that it is necessary to improve the ecology, to deep research related to the effects of high temperatures on honey bees and entomophytic plants.