bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of auto-transplantation of bone marrow on the nerve autography in the dogs
Authors: Al-Hyani O.H.
Published: January 2019

The research was conducted to study the repair of transected sciatic nerve through by grafting sciatic nerve with nerve segment and addition of bone marrow in dogs. Twelve adult dogs from both sexes was used. They was divided into two groups, six animals in each group. The left sciatic nerve was used as a model in this research for monitoring the process of nerve repair. In group one, the sciatic nerve was transected and a piece of nerve about 1cm in length was removed, and the resultant gap was repaired by autotransplantation with a segment of nerve harvested from the median nerve of the forelimb with the consideration that the harvested median nerve segment was slightly longer than the resected sciatic nerve segment. The implanted nerve segment was sutured with sciatic nerve using non absorbable suture (nylon 5\0). In group two, the same surgical procedure was performed as in group one, but a bone marrow that aspirated from the same animal was applied on the nerve transplantation. The assessment of sciatic nerve repair was accomplished by studying the clinical observation of normal physiological function of the operated limb, additionally studying the histological changes on the nerve graft transplantation at 30 and 45 postoperative days. The study was revealed, the application of bone marrow on the nerve graft segment was enhanced the degree of healing of transected sciatic nerve that indicated by improvement the functional use of affect hind limb clinically, with improvement the vasculrization of nerve graft segment and increase proliferation of nerve cells (Schwann and microglial cells) with extension of collagen fibers that aid to bridge the sciatic nerve with grafted nerve segment histologicaly rather than in group one.In conclusion the addition of bone marrow on the nerve graft segment accelerate the degree of healing of transected sciatic nerve with improve the functional use of operated limb.
The effect of acute bleeding response on vital signs and some haematological values in local breed goats in An najaf province-Iraq
Authors: A. G. hassan H. M. Al-Ramahi And
Published: January 2019

The study was carried out in An najaf province to determined the effect of two level haemorrhage(20%) on vital signs and some haematological values in local breed goats in An najaf province. The results showed that the animals of both treated groups had higher rectal temperature ,respiratory rate and heart rate in compared to animals of control group, the responses were more marked in 20% level of haemorrhage. Also the treated groups had lower red blood corpuscles , packed cells volume ,hemoglobin concentration and total leukocytes count in compared with animals in control ; they were significatly lower with 20% level of haemorrhage compared to control. The ratio of neutrophils and lymphocytes was changed in treated group, percentage of neutrophils was high whereas the lymphocytes was lower in compared with control
Immunosuppressive Properties of Infectious Bronchitis Vaccine4/91 strain against different programs and method of vaccination against Newcastle disease in Broilers
Authors: Zahid A.H.
Published: January 2019

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) primarily induces a respiratory disease in broilerscausing important economic losses in poultry industry. The aim of this study was to investigatethe immunosuppressive properties of live IB vaccine on the different programs and method ofvaccination against Newcastle disease (ND) in broilers. A total of 125 one-day-old broilerchicks were assigned into five equal groups. At day one G1 and G2groupswere vaccinated witha live (ND, IB)vaccine by dipping the head in the vaccine and intra-cloacae methodrespectively. Afterward, G3and G4 groups were vaccinated with a live ND vaccine alone by thesame method of G1 and G2. At the same time all these4 groups were vaccinated bysubcutaneous injection (S/C) with inactivated oil based vaccine ND. The G5 group was leftwithout vaccination as a control group. After that, all treated groups were vaccinated with a liveND by spray method at day 10 of the age. The immunosuppressive effects of this IB virus wasevaluated by Haemagglutination inhibition test (HI), and challenged by virulent ND virus.Bursa and Spleen indices were estimated in all groups. The results showed that the antibodytiters against ND was higher (P<0.05) in G3and G4 in compared with G1, G2 and controlgroups at 20 and 30 days of age. However, there was no significant difference of bursa indexand spleen index in all groups. Challenge test showed no mortality in the 3rd group while 10%in the 4th group, 85% in the 1st group and 90% in the 2nd group. In conclusion, it’s revealed thatthe best method and program of vaccination which can protect against ND was applied in the3rd group.
Clinical & therapeutical study on inactive ovaries in Holstein-Friesian cows by using GnRH analogues
Authors: Al-Hamedawi T.M.
Published: January 2019

This study was performed on 45 lactating Holstein – Friesian cows suffered from inactiveovaries for three months post partum and diagnosed clinically by rectal palpation in the form ofthe college of Agriculture / University of Baghdad , their ages 3-5 years during the period from2010-2012. These cows were divided randomly into 4 groups, 1st group (12 cows) were injectedwith 0.021mg (5 ml) Receptal I/M, 2nd group (12 cows) were given 500 μg (5ml) CystorelyinI/M, 3rd group (12 cows) injected with 0.5 mg (5 ml) Fertagil I/M in one dose and 4th group (9cows) without treatment (control group). The response rate was 91.8%, 83.3%, 91.6% and 66.6%for the four groups respectively. While the duration of response (from treatment to oestrusappearance) was 7.43±1.56, 10.66±2.37, 8.44±2.41 and 67.63±9.87 in the 1st ,2nd ,3rd and 4thgroups respectively, but the pregnancy rate recorded 90.9%, 80%, 81.8% and 83.3%. Thestatistical analysis showed that the 1st and 3rd group was recorded significant differences higher(p<0.01) than other groups (2nd and 4th) related with responsive animal and the duration ofresponse also but the pregnancy rate recorded higher significance (p<0.01) compared with 2nd,3rd and 4th groups. The number of services /conception was more than 1.5-2.5 for all groups ¬ significant, the days open recorded higher significant (p<0.01) in 1st, 2nd and 3rd comparedwith 4th group (control group).
Detection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle in Mosul city/ Iraq
Authors: AL- Badrani B. A.
Published: January 2019

The study was conducted on the one hundred sera of local breed cattle in Mosul city, Iraq.All sera were tested for the presence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies byusing indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent kits. Results showed that 30% was positive forToxoplasma gondii while Neospora caninum showed a positive of 20%.Mixed infections werefound in one animal only ( 1 % ). These results indicate that Toxoplasmosis is much morewidespread than neosporosis in cattle living in the Mosul city, Iraq.
Effect of PGF2α injection on semen characters of local bucks
Authors: Daham A. F.
Published: January 2019

The present study was conducted to inspect the effect of PGF2α Injection on semencharacteristics of local bucks . Semen was collected from three local bucks (single ejaculateper week)by artificial vagina. Semen was evaluated for two weeks as pretreatment period (Pr).Then all bucks were injected with (1ml) VeteglanR (0.75Mg PGF2α) i.m (single dose everytwo days) as treatment period (T). semen collection and evaluation was continued for tenweeks as post treatment period (p1,p2,p3,p4,p5).Results show that PGF2α Injection out ofbreeding season cause significant increase in(P<0.05) in sperm concentration during treatmentand post treatment periods, with significant increase (P<0.05) in both mass and individualmotility in post treatment period only. Results also show significant reduction (P<0.05)in bothdead and abnormalities ratio during post treatment period only, with no significant effect onvolume of ejaculate and PH.
Effect of season and month of semen collection on sexuality and semen characters of local bucks
Authors: Daham A. F.
Published: January 2019

This study was conducted to inspect the effect of month of semen collection on physicalcharacteristics (volume of ejaculate, PH, concentration, mass, and individual motility anda ratio of dead and abnormalities) of local buck semen during three months (November,December and January ). The study includes six local bucks (2-3)years old. Results show thatthere is an effect (P<0.05) on some of the characteristics (volume and ratio of dead andabnormalities ) with no effect on the other characteristics.
Comparative study of some indicator bacteria in cows and buffaloes raw milk in Al-Diwaniyah Province
Authors: Abass K. H.
Published: January 2019

The present study was carried out in AL-Diwaniyah city and it's different districts whichincludes (city center, Afak district and their regions, AL-hamza district and their regions, ALShamiadistrict and their regions and AL-Daghara regions and its villages) during a periodNovember 2010 to July 2010. A total of samples used in this study were 120 raw milksamples collected includes 60 samples for each species for (cows and buffaloes) for twodifferent season of the year (Winter and Summer), first start from (beginning November 2009 toend of the January 2010) ,and the second start from (beginning May to July 2010) The resultsof this study revealed the rising the averages of microbes contaminated raw milk samples ineach species of animals included in this study,where raw milk samples for cows recorded210 4.2х CFU/ml , buffaloes 214 12х CFU/ml,The highest averages of total Coliform bacterialcount were found in raw milk samples of cows 214 4.3х CFU/ml and less averages in rawsamples of buffaloes 214 6.1х CFU/ml . While averages of Staphylococcus aureas were highin raw milk samples of buffaloes 0.49 х216CFU/ml and less in raw milk samples of cows0. 214 61х CFU/ ml.While the averages of Streptococcus spp. were 0.37х 216CFU/ml, 0.38 21х6 CFU/ml, for cows and buffaloes respectively. Seasons of the year had an effect on average oftotal bacterial count studied for each sample of raw milk for all species of animals includedin this study.Where shown rising averages of microbes numbers during the summer period(May, Jun, and July), while there are decreasing in an average of microbes during the winter period(November, December, and January).Summer season recorded significant difference ascompared with winter season but averages of total coliform bacteria had no significantdifference between the two seasons.
Partial Hepatectomy Achievement by New Device in Rabbits Model
Authors: Alheani W. A.
Published: January 2019

This study was to evaluate the efficiency of new device (heat gun) for liver surgery. This instrument is firstly introduce to the surgery to control bleeding during tissue dissection.Eighteen rabbits aged between 3-4 months weighted between 1.5- 2 kg from both sex were used in this experiment. The rabbits were divided into three groups. First group (A) underwent partial hepatectomy by heat gun to posterior left lobe of liver and second group (B) underwent partial hepatectomy by using suturing of severed posterior left lobe of liver served as positive control . The third group (C) underwent laprotomy only and served as negative control.Postoperative examination of physiological parameters was measured for 3 postoperative days, The animal were scarified after 7, 15, 21 days after operation for gross and histopathological examination.The results revealed that efficiency of heat gun for partial hepatectomy and it was a fast method and prevented bleeding from the incision site and it is decreased time that needed for suturing hepatic incision in liver surgery.The physiological parameters in all the experimental rabbits were within normal range during the three days following the operations, and they gained their normal body activities and food intake.In gross pathological examination there is no serious complication that recorded except adhesion with omentum that is considered advantage for sealing incision and preventing adhesion with other neighboring viscera and prevent possible bleeding from hepatic incision. In histopathology the rabbits in group (A) show faster regeneration than in group (B).In conclusion, the heat gun is effective device for partial hepatectomy rabbits models and It is the first use for this purpose in this animals
Isolation and characterization of streptococcus bovis from rumencontent of awassi sheep in iraq
Authors: Al emery A. J. A.
Published: January 2019

This is the first study in Iraq aimed to isolate and characterize Streptococcus bovis from rumen of Awassi sheep .Ten sheep with different ages fed on grain base diet for three days were used to collect 20 ruminal fluid samples twice at fourth and fifth days by rumenocentesis method , samples cultured on selective media (Modified membrane-bovis agar(M-BA) ,broth of basal medium and modified blood brain heart infusion) ,the isolates were identified according to their morphological, physiological ,biochemical tests and serological by Lancefield group.Cultural characteristic on the selective medium M-BA showed two types of streptococci :first type (23) comprised the majority of isolates ,this type characterized by high acid producing streptococci formed mucoid ,creamy ,orange –centered colonies and second type (4) characterize by low acid producing formed small white colonies .Morphologically the isolates were identified as gram positive ,the cells were oval or spherical , singles, pairs & short chains of 4 to 8 cells. The organisms were found to full under the Lancefield group D.All isolated bacteria grew on broth of basal medium post incubation at 45C˚ ,but not grew at 10C˚ and 50C˚. Adding of 2% NaCl permit the growth, while in 6.5% NaCl didn’t grow. And did not grew on adding 0.04 % Potassium tellurite .All isolates produced lactic acid but ammonia production from arginine was negative, no hemolysis on blood agar . All isolates ferment starch, lactose, fructose, glucose, raffinose and cellobiose.The results of culturing and Physiological and biochemical tests showed that 27 isolates has the characterictices of Streptococcus bovis in 3 types (S1,S2 &S3) ,first type of colony divided into two strain (S115)(S28)according to difference In arabinose. And (S3) called on the second type white pigmented isolates which did not ferment inulin
Study of the inhibitory effect of Ethanolic extract of( Quercus robur ,Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Thymus vulgaris ) on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical mastitis in cow
Authors: Hatem Z. A.
Published: January 2019

The present study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of three local plant ethanolic extracts (Quercus robur , Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Thymus vulgaris) against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk of cow infected with clinical mastits in culture media by using of agar well diffusion method. For this purpose graduate concentrates for each extract (50 , 100 , 200 , 400 )mg/ml prepared and tested .The result showed that the extract of Quercus robur was more effective followed by Thymus vulgaris and Cinnamomum zeylanicum.The statistical analysis by using ANOVA with LSD at level (p<0.05) showed that there was no significant differences between the effect of the studied concentrations of Quercus robur , Cinnamomum zeylanicum while for Thymus vulgaris we find that the concentration 100 mg\ml had a significant difference with the other studied concentration in inhibition of the growth of the tested bacteria. We also find that between the antibiotics the largest zone of inhibition was given by LOM followed by SPV,PI,NV,RA and CX
The effect of Alcoholic plant (tribulus terrestris) extract on the bacteria isolated from genital tract of infertile cows in vitro
Authors: Qasem M.S.
Published: January 2019

Out of Two hundred swabs collected from genital tract of infertile cows during the period between7/1/2012 to 30/6-2012. Cultured on Blood agar, Nutrient agar, MacConkey agar and Mannitol salt agar. 195 swab represented (97.5%) give positive result and 5 swab (2.5%) give negative result. from the positive culture 78 isolated (39%) mixed bacterial infection. All bacteria isolates were identified by using different biochemical tests and API-20E, the single bacterial isolation in this study were Esherichia coli 41.8%, Staphylococcus aureus36.8%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa17%, Citrobacter braakii1.7%, Providencia rettergi1.7% and Shewanella putrefaciens 0.9%. In mixed bacterial isolation, the highest percentage was 53.8% Staphylococcus + Esherishia coli aureus and the lowest percentage was 1.3% Esherishia coli + Citrobacter braakii + Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotic susceptibility test were carried out on bacterial isolates using 10 single antibiotic discs of commonly used drug, the test showed that most bacterial isolated resist for most antibiotics (Amikacin, Amoxicillin, Nalidix acid, (Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid), Cefixime, Ceftriaxone, Tetracycline, Nitrofurantoin, Norfloxacin and Gentamycin) on the other hand observed sensitive for alcoholic plant tribulus terrestris extract (fruit) in different concentrations
Progesterone and estrogen levels in Awassi ewes treated with vaginal sponges
Authors: Omar A.A.
Published: January 2019

This study was conducted on10 healthy Iraqi Awassi ewes that examined by ultrasonography technique, with ages between 2 to 3 years, presented at the farm of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Anbar University, Fallujah, during the period from the end of the February until the half of the March 2012. Vaginal sponges saturated with 40mg Flurogestone acetate were inserted in the vagina of each tested animals in order to induce estrus For synchronization for 14 days, at day 13of the experiment the animals were injected i.m. by Equine chorionic gonadotropine eCG (500 i.u.) then the sponges were removed and the animals injected i.m. with (200 i. u.) of Human chorionic gonadotropine (HCG). Blood samples were collected from jugular vein with vacutainer tubes each two days until the experiment was complete. Serum was collected after centrifugation with a speed 3000R/m for 10 minutes. Values of estrogen and progesterone hormones in serum were estimated by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Values of the estrogen and progesterone in the treated animals were (1.1932 ± 0.02380), (0.9558 ± 0.3282) respectively, while the levels of the two hormones for the control group was (1.1138 ± 0.02295) for the estrogen and (0.8702 ± 0.0152) for the progesterone. There was a significant different between the level of estrogen and progesterone hormones P < 0.05 in a treated group as a compare with the control group. It was concluded from this study that estrus synchronization of the ewes with vaginal sponge affected the values of estrogen and progesterone hormones in the serum
Inflammatory stress and idiosyncratic drugs hepatotoxicity in rabbit
Authors: Mohamed H. T.
Published: January 2019

Idiosyncratic drug hepatotoxicity is none or time-related, unpredictable, occur infrequently and can be fatal. It was proposed that inflammatory or oxidative stress occurs randomly in patients even after asymptomatic incidence can precipitate drug hepatotoxicity. To measure the hepatotoxicity of diclofenac in rabbit serum following the incidence of inflammatory stress by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and correlate this to various stress parameters as Malondialdehyde (MDA). 24 rabbits were divided into four groups (6 each) according to the type of treatment. Group 1: control (received normal saline). Group 2 received diclofenac sod. (5mg/kg, orally 3times daily for three days). Group 3: received lipopolysaccharide (150μg/kg, i.v, 24 hours before killing. Group 4: received diclofenac sod. + Lipopolysaccharide (5mg/kg orally + 150μg/kg, i.v 24 hours before killing). Then for each animal were measure, liver M D A, liver enzymes. LPS potentiated the hepatotoxic effect of diclofenac sod. The effect is mediated by oxidative and inflammatory reactions as demonstrated by increase in a liver tissue M D A.
Histological Study of the Isthmus Segment of the Oviduct in Female Turkey at Egg-Laying Stage
Authors: Balash Kh. J.
Published: January 2019

The histological pattern of the isthmus segment of the oviduct in laying turkey was conducted on five adult and healthy females. Morphometric measurements were obtained for the thickness of mucosa, height, and thickness of mucosal folds, epithelial height, and thickness of the muscular coat. The result revealed that the mucosa consisted of longitudinal, broad folds carried secondary ones. The epithelial lining was pseudostratified columnar comprised two cell types, ciliated and non-ciliated cells. The glands were tubularly coiled branched showing secretory activity, tunica muscularis was well developed and consisted of two layers.
Isolation and Identification of Salmonella species from the table eggs in Sulaimani province
Authors: Arif E. D.
Published: January 2019

Out of 150 eggs were collected randomly as (local egg 50 and imported egg 100) from different markets of Sulaimani city, during the period from October 2009 to June 2010, Three (3%) of imported eggs were found contaminated with Salmonella. Three different Salmonella serotypes were identified including; Salmonella typhimurium (one strain), Salmonella ohio (one strain) and Salmonella enteritidis (one strain) which represented 1% for each.
Anatomical Study of the Digits of Fore limbs in goat
Authors: Al- Sharoot H. A.
Published: January 2019

The study aim to explain the anatomical description of the digit of fore limb in goat (Capra hircus). Left and right fore limbs of 10 Iraqi healthy male goats aging (6) months, with no history of lameness and without local swelling or joint distension were utilized in this study. The study reveals that the goats have two digits; each digit has three phalanges (pI, p II, p III) and sesamoid bones. The PI longer than the other phalanx while the pII was much shorter than the pI. PIII was uniquely triangular in shape with numerous vascular channels. The proximal sesamoid bones were elongated and each bone have three surfaces while distal sesamoid bones were shuttle in shape and situated palmer to the second interphalangeal joints.
Evaluation the efficacy of volvac® vaccine to Infectious Bronchitis and determine the best rout of administration
Authors: Al-Khafaji M. A. J.
Published: January 2019

Due to Infectious Bronchitis (IB) disease outbreak in Iraq this study was carried out to evaluate the viability of volvac® IB+ND MLV as a mixed vaccine (Newcastle serotype Lasota +infectious bronchitis mass ) which is considered the most common vaccine for IB disease in Iraq and also to determine the most beneficial route of administration.T his study achieved by using 96 chicks and divided into main 3 groups, each group containing 32 birds, tow groups vaccinated with volvac® IB+ND MLV vaccine and the third group controls (-) ,the first tow groups subdivided in to three subgroup each subgroup contain 8 chicks vaccinated with different route . First subgroup(A) vaccinated with dropping route, Second subgroup(B) by spray route and Third subgroup(C) by manual drinking. The antibody of humoral immunity was estimated by using ELISA technique that reveled the vaccine (Newcastle serotype Lasota + infectious bronchitis mass ) is benefit for Newcastle disease rather than for Infectious bronchitis, the antibody titer is higher for Newcastle disease than for Infectious bronchitis, and the most useful route is spray.
Compare between the two methods for diagnosis of coccidia in broiler chicken
Authors: AlJumaili O. A. R.
Published: January 2019

Coccidial infections in broiler cause significant economic losses because of decreased growth and feed utilization. To detect infection, gross evaluation of the intestinal tract and a microscopic evaluation of a wet smear are used as routine diagnostic methods. The aims of this study were to compare qualitative method (fecal floatation) with other methods of diagnosis ( wet smear). 14000 rose broiler breed between 26 and 42 days of age from 2 flocks in Fallujah city were evaluated. 40 fecal specimens were collected and examined by fecal floatation method for each flock. Wet smears, mucosal impressions were obtained from the middle jejunum, ileum, and cecum from each broiler. The result of floatation method give (++)of oocysts in the all sample while the wet smear method give negative result in the same farm and same time. In concluded the floatation fastest and most accurate method for detection of coccidia
Isolation and identification of some genera and species of bacteria and fungi from conjunctiva in cattle in Al-Diwaniya city
Authors: Handool H. H. H.
Published: January 2019

This study was designed to identify some genera and species of bacteria and fungi that infect conjunctiva in cattle, as the studies on this subject are few somewhat, especially those that include isolating fungi that infect the conjunctiva as rare cases and that may be caused by low body immunity after topical corticosteroid and antibacterial therapy to an inflamed eye, This study included examination of (100) eye swabs, from cows from different ages and regions in diwaniya city. This study extended from 1/5/2012 – 27/11/ 2012. The samples were collected from clinically healthy and infected eyes of animals. (7) bacterial species were isolated they included Staphylococcus spp. 26.4% , E. coli 24.8%, Staphylococcus aureus 19% , Moraxella bovis 9.9% , Streptococcus spp. 8.3%, , , Pseudomonas spp. 8.3%, Proteus spp. 3.3%. The isolated bacteria were 121, Gram-positive bacteria were 63 (52.1%) while Gram-negative bacteria 58 (47.9%). Many types of bacteria isolated from healthy swabs 75 (62%) and 46 (38.1%) from infected swabs. The study also included isolation and identification of some species of fungi associated with the mycotic conjunctivitis in cattle, the observed study Aspergillus niger was the most frequent species isolated and was accounted to 37.5% of all isolates, while other fungi included Aspergillus fumigates 25% , Alternaria spp. 25% and Penicillium spp. 12.5%.
Daignosis of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in bovine in Al-Najaf province by using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Authors: Al- Anbagi N. A.
Published: January 2019

This study was conducted to collect 388 milk samples from cows at different villages and townships in Al-Najaf province to examine about Staphylococcus aureus mastitis .CMT was used for subclinical mastitis screening ,212(54.6%) milk samples were mastitic .The molecular method (PCR assay) was used to detected the presence (glpF) gene in classically diagnosed S.aureus, which appeared that 38(92.6%) S.aureus mastitis as 13(32.5%) clinical and 25(14.5%) subclinical mastitis .There was high significant incidence of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in left posterior udder quarter rather than others quarters
Study the causes of growth retardation in pure breed imported calves after theileriosis in Abu-Shaeer cattle Farm /Diyala province
Authors: Jameel Gh.H.
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study is investigated the causes of retardation in growth of purebred calves infected by Theileria annulata.Blood samples of infected group (treatment group) were taken once, and blood samples of the control group (clinically healthy) were taken also .Serum separation was done to two groups to determinate some blood factors levels as ferritin ,phosphorus ,glucose ,growth hormone ,total T3 and total T4.It was detected that mean values of serum Ferritin was significantly higher than the values of the control group and healthy animals.No significant effect of the infection on the phosphorus and T3 levels ,While there were significant depression in serum levels of glucose ,growth hormone and T4.
Pathological study of Braken Fern ( Pteridium aquilinium ) toxicity in Rats
Authors: Youkhana S. O.
Published: January 2019

A pathological study of bracken fern ( Pteridium aquilinium ) toxicity was conducted in rats. Twenty albino rats were randomly divided in to 4 groups. The first three groups were received diet containing 10 %, 20 % and 30 % bracken fern powder respectively. The fourth group was served as control. The experimental rats were sacrificed after one month. Gross and histopathological examination reveal lesions in many organs . Gross lesions revealed congestion of all internal organs, while the histopathological lesions were characterized by spongiosis, perivascular cuffing and astrocytosis in the brain. Swollen hepatocytes accompanied by vacuolation and fatty degeneration in the liver. Suppurative pneumonia with infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lungs. In the intestine, the villi were fused with a proliferation of cryptal enterocytes. Interstitial nephritis associated by degenerative changes in the renal tubular epithelial cells. Acute cystitis with edematous lamina propria and neutrophilic infiltration were seen in the urinary bladder. These lesions were more sever in the group 3 incomparism with group 1 and 2 . No lesions were observed in the control group
Detection of Salmonella typhimurium in chicken meat imported in the local markets of Diwaniya city By using PCR technique
Authors: Saeed A.A.
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study to detected contamination with Salmonella spp. In imported chicken meat in the local markets of Al- Diwaniyia city . to protect health of consumer and Determintion the most contaminated origin with salmonella spp. A toatl of 100 chicken meat samples collected from different origin. The bacteria cultured and isolated in enrichment and selective media . Salmonella isolates were subjected to some biochemical tests show positive productive results H2S .TSI . SIM And its give negative for indole , vo-gs Proskauer and ureas , Biochemical identification was carried out using API 20-E test ..the result showed isolation sample (33\55)60% on bismuth sulphate agar and the results of isolation on chromogenic agar were 87.8 |%(29\33) .according to reading Api20-E system the results of confirmation of isolates 92%(25\26) In this study,( 23) Salmonella isolates were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by using 16s rRNA and invA gene these primers were selected specifically for the detection of Salmonella to amplify a 406bp and 558 bp DNA fragments, respectively. Only 7 isolates out of 23 were identified as S. typhimurium the results of this study showed the highest percent of s.typhimurim isolates was ( 50%) ( 3/6) for India origin and the lowest was Turkish origin
Antibacterial effect of nettle (Urtica dioica)
Authors: Salih N.A.
Published: January 2019

The antibacterial activity of aqueous and 95% ethanol extracts of nettle leaf was tested against some Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients by the agar well diffusion method. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Bacillus Subtillus, Proteus spp. Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were used. The results indicate that both extracts showed different antibacterial activities which were in favor of ethanolic extract because of more solubility of active ingredient in ethanol than in water. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus Subtillus, and Salmonella spp. showed the highest susceptibility to nettle extracts antibacterial effect, while E coli, Pseudomonas and Proteus were less susceptible. The only clear resistant bacteria isolate was Klebsiella spp.
The antimicrobial and wound healing effect of Aloe Vera in induced diabetic rats
Authors: Jawad R. A.M.
Published: January 2019

The study was conducted on sixteen streptozotocin induced diabetic rats to investigate whether the topical application of Aloe Vera gel and alcoholic Aloe Vera leaf extract could improve the wound healing in diabetic rats. The rats were weight, matched, and placed in to four groups 4 rats of each group. Full thickness circular skin wound (2cm in diameter) was experimentally created dorsal to the neck area of each rat. Animals in group (1) left without dressing as a control group. Animals in group (2 and 3) were treated topically with Aloe Vera gel (100%) and alcoholic Aloe Vera leaf extracts (100%) respectively, while the animals of group (4) were treated with povidone iodine (4%). Treated groups were dresses twice daily for 14 successive days. The treated wound in groups 2, and 3 were significantly healed faster in comparison to the wound of control group. The effect produced by the Aloe Vera with reference to the wound contraction, wound closure, decreased in surfaces area of wound, and tissue regeneration at the wound site. Histologically wounds treated with Aloe Vera show increase in macrophages, fibroblast migration, collagen regeneration and epithelialization compared with the control group. The wet, dry granulation tissue weight, and hydroxyproline content increased significantly when compared to control. Aloe Vera was seen exhibited antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic microorganism. In conclusion Aloe Vera have strong wound healing property and effective as topical preparation and formulated as fairly economical therapeutic agent for wound management.
Molecular and serological study by using ELISA and rRT-PCR techniques to detect avian infectious bronchitis virus in chickens in Middle Euphrates
Authors: Aziz Abed A. Abdul
Published: January 2019

The study was conducted to detect Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) in commercial chicken farms of Middle Euphrates, the technique have been used throughout the study protocol, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and histopathological study. (172) serum samples were collected from clinically infected vaccinated broiler farm and (29) serum samples were collected from clinically infected non-vaccinated broiler farm, and screened for the presence of IBV antibodies by ELISA.75serum samples from 172 samples were positive ,(43.6%) distributed as followed 43 (61.4%) from Hella, 23 (36.5%) from Najaf and 9 (23.07%) from Diwaneyah ,29 serum samples collected from clinically infected non-vaccinated broiler flocks, were 5 (17.2%) serum positive samples for IBV. (75) tissue samples from clinically infected vaccinated broilers distributed were submitted for rRT-PCR technique, the results were as followed42 (56%) have been detected IBV, while 30 (71.4%) was positive in ELISA, and (15) samples from clinically infected non-vaccinated broilers showed 8 (53.3%) IBV were detectable while 5 (62.5%) was positive in ELISA. Also the research include study the histopathological changes of trachea, lung and kidney of infected birds which were positive for rRT-PCR.
Clinical and histopathological study of brooder pneumonia in broiler farms
Authors: Abdulrahman N.R.
Published: January 2019

The outbreaks of aspergillosis in broiler chicks (4-15 days old) were observed from January to July, 2011 in five broiler farms. The disease was detected on the basis of clinical signs, gross, histopathological and cultural findings. Infected chicks showed signs of ruffled feathers, green watery diarrhea, anorexia, gasping and dyspnea. On examination, numerous small white yellowish nodules were seen in the lungs, air sacs, kidneys, thoracic wall and abdominal serosa. Microscopically the lungs revealed granulomas with central areas of caseation surrounded by heterophils and giant cells. Aspergillus fumigatus could be isolated in Sabouraud’s dextrose agar from the lesions. Higher morbidity (76 to 100%) and mortality (62.5 to 100%) rates were recorded in the five farms. This is the first record on the occurrence of acute aspergillosis in broiler chicks from Sulaimania/ Iraq.
Anatomical and histological study of thyroid gland in female local donkeys (Eqws africanus asinus) at Basrah city
Authors: Ali S. A.
Published: January 2019

Thyroid gland is an endocrine gland that influences many organs of the body and play an important role in the metabolism of animals and another species. Thyroid gland of female donkeys was situated in the interior part of neck inferior to the larynx. It consist of two lobes were connected by isthmus. The mean and SD of length, width, and thickness in right lobe was 25.66±0.41mm, 21.31±0.59mm, 8.51±0.009mm, while in the left lobe it was 23.15±o.16 mm. 19.65±o.22mm, 8.42±0.19mm respectively. Histologically, the thyroid gland surrounded by connective tissue capsule and contained follicles, follicular epithelium, and parafollicular cells. The follicles filled with colloid.
The relationship between the postpartum uterine prolapse incidence and some macro minerals serum level deficiency in cow in Basra province
Authors: Khamees H. A.
Published: January 2019

The study was performed to investigate macrominerals in the cow’s serum suffering from post-parturient uterine prolapse compared with other cows without incidence of prolapse. In the present study, 30 cows during 72 hours after calving, 15 calving without uterine prolapse (control group), and 15 calving suffer from uterine prolapse (treated group).The results showed a drastic decrease in serum macro minerals levels of treated group animals, so the results show the calcium serum level (5.56±0.19 mg/dl), phosphorus (3.30±o.30 mg/dl) and magnesium (1.42±0.09 mg/dl) compared with levels in control animals that show (10.34±0.44, 5.33±0.21, 3.79±0.37) mg/dl of the calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium successively. It was concluded that deficiency of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium serum level in the last period of pregnancy and at the parturition might be possible causes of postparturient uterine prolapse in these cows.
Effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) on experimentally induced diabetes mellitus in male rabbits
Authors: Salih Nadia Abdulkarim
Published: January 2019

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of orally administered fenugreek on some biochemical parameters in diabetic male rabbits experimentally induced by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate 75 mg/kg. Twenty-five male local breed rabbits were divided into 5 equal groups; G1 normal control group, G2 diabetic non-herb treated, G3 normal rabbit treated with the herb. While each of G4 and G5 was diabetic rabbits treated with 2 and 3g/day single oral dose of fenugreek for 30 consecutive days respectively. A blood sample was taken at zero-day, 2 weeks and 4 weeks for estimation of serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, ALT, and AST. At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed in order to prepare liver tissue homogenate to calculate the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) to explore the role of fenugreek as an antioxidant herb. Results were revealed an increase in serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, ALT, AST, and MDA level and reduced glutathione level in G2. While, oral administration of fenugreek showed a significant reduction in total lipids and serum sugar in diabetic rabbits and have no any adverse effect on the main parameters of the body, the herb play a great role as an antioxidant factor as indicated by increasing GSH level and reduce MDA level.
The hematological and clinical changes in rabbits exposed to powder of dried leaves of (Lantana camara) under experimental conditions
Authors: Al-Khafaj Nazar Jabbar
Published: January 2019

The study was conducted on 10 local breed rabbits, 1-2 years of age, and 1- 1.5 kg body weight. Animals were divided into two equal groups. The first was the treated group which exposed to the dried powder of Lantana camara leaves mixed with the food at a dose rate of 5 g/ animal / day for three weeks, while the second group left without treatment as a control group. Clinically the study was revealed that the body temperature and body weight did not show any changes during the experiment, while the respiratory and heart rate were increased. Hematologically the bleeding time and clotting time were prolonged, the erythrocyte count, Hb concentration, and MCV values were decreased, and the MCH was increased, while the PCV, MCHC, total leucocytes count and the basophiles percentage did not showed any significant changes. The heterophiles and monocytes percentage were increased mean while the lymphocytic and eosinophil percentage were decreased during the study.
Effect of age and sex on the serum biochemical profile of Local dogs
Authors: S. A. Hasso R. K. Muhsen And
Published: January 2019

Biochemical values of sixty clinically healthy dogs of different ages and both sexes weredetermined for the normal activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanineaminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Urea, Creatinine, sodium, potassium,chloride, calcium, phosphorus and glucose. Comparison of the above values between males andfemales revealed that there was no statistical difference between both sexes in all biochemicalparameters. The young dogs had higher concentrations of Creatinine, ALP, and ALT while theadult dogs had higher concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and chloride. Differences in themean value of the remaining values among young and adults were not statistically significant.
The immunogenicity,allerginicity and immunomodulating potentials as well as shared antigenicity of Fasciola hepatica (whole body lectin FHL) with E .coli in rabbit
Authors: M.H. Al-Allak I.M.S .Shnawa, F. G. Abd, and
Published: January 2019

The Fasciola hepatica surface and whole body lectins (FHLs) were separated partially purified and tentatively identified. They are of protein nature and of glucose, lactose, and mannose-binding potentials. As well as they agglutinate sheep red corpuscles 2% suspension. FHLs are T lymphocyte mitogens, but the whole body lectins were more potent than surface lectins. Thus, whole-body lectin was selected for further study.T he whole body lectin stimulates specific antibody formation at both mucosal and systemic level, post to an oral immunization program in rabbits.T he immunodominant epitope can be of B cell or Th2 dependent nature and in combination with E. coli "O" antigen induces mucosal tolerance. E. coli induce significant leukocyte migration inhibitory factor ( LIF ) and the combination of E .coli -FHLs induced both significant macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and LIF in the immunoprimed rabbits.FHLs posses augmenting potential for the tuberculin skin DTH reaction indicating its cellular immunopotentiating ability. Bilateral humoral and cellular shared immunogenicity. Such shared character may be helpful in immunoprotection model of E.coli infection in one hand and source of confusion in immunodiagnosis of Fasciola infection, on the other hand. The conclusion of this study FHL functional epitope mapping, maps the following possible epitope, B or Th2 dependent.Th1, Tdth and or shared immunodominant epitopes.
Study of the protective effect of Nigella sativa against Cimetidine induced reproductive toxicity in male mice
Authors: Ch. Al-Nailey K. G.
Published: January 2019

The present study was designed to investigate some histopathological changes produced by cimetidine on male reproductive organs (testes & epididymis) in mice and extended to examine where there using of an aqueous suspension of powdered Nigella sativa seeds have the ability to reduce this toxicity. Forty male mice were divided into 4 groups. The first group received 25 mg/kg B.W. of cimetidine orally once daily. The second group drenched aqueous suspension of Nigella sativa at a dose of 1000mg/kg B.W. and then received cimetidine. While the third group drenched Nigella sativa aqueous suspension once daily, while the fourth group (control group) received normal saline only and the study was continued for (76 days). Animals which were treated with cimetidine only along the period of the experiment showed severe pathological changes, particularly in testes and epididymis, whereas oral administration of the aqueous suspension of Nigella seeds aqueous suspension significantly reduced these changes which reflected by an obvious increment of spermatogonia and reducing the damage of seminiferous tubules. The protective activity of Nigella sativa has been resumed via diminishing the reproductive histopathological changes associated with long-term treatment with cimetidine.
Comparative study of some Serum Biochemical parameters of cattle and sheep of the marshes in the south of Iraq
Authors: Sh. Ali Kh. G. Al-Fartosi, Y. J. Talib, and
Published: January 2019

This study includes the normal values of biochemical parameters of cattle and sheep lived in Marshes of the south of Iraq. The serum levels of glucose, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, globulin, calcium(ca), potassium(k), Aspartate aminotransferase(AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined.T he results showed there are nonsignificant differences in all parameters of male cattle compared with a female, except the serum glucose which decreased significantly in male compared with female. There is a significant increase in cholesterol and potassium of male sheep compared with a female, whereas the other parameters did not show a significant difference (p<0.05) between them. also, the results indicated a significant increase in TG, cholesterol, AST, ALK, and LDH of male and female cattle compared with male and female sheep. There were no significant differences in other parameters.
Characterization of E coli phage isolated from sewage
Authors: I. H. Al-Yassari G.A. Al-Mola, and
Published: January 2019

Bacteriophage are viruses that infect bacterial cells. as with all viruses, phage are nonliving agents and thus require the use of the host‟s metabolic processes to replicate itself. in this study, the phage of interest are those that infect and lyses E. colt host cells. when phage are released from the ruptured host, distinct zones of clearing (plaques) form. the original E. colt host cells for this experiment came from a sample of raw sewage. in order to obtain the bacteriophage, a procedure of enrichment, isolation, dilution and seeding was followed, the presence of distinct plaques indicated that lytic bacteriophage had been successfully amplified, separated and grown.This study included determination of phage titre, latent period , rise period and the burst size of the phage and effect some of factor on phage titre such as (temperature, ether and chloroform) .for determination ofhage titre used series of dilutions(10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, 10-4, 10-6, 10-7, 10-8, 10-9) the dilution factor gave the best countable number of plaques is(103). this dilution factor was then used for all other experiments, the latent period , rise period and the burst size of the phage are determined by countable number of plaques and phage titre(titer: plaque-forming unit(p.f.u) during 10,20,30,40,50, and 60 minutes . it was (4.7x105 „ 5.3x105 and 6.0x105)during 1O,20and30minutes respectively in the latent period ,but it was (8.5x105 8.9x10‟ 9.3x105)during 40,50,and 60 minutes respectively in the rise period .then the burst size of the phage is counted by the ratio of the phage titer after rise period to that during the latent period it was(1.67).This study also included effect of temperature on phage titre the statistical analysis was significantly increase P<0.05 in phage titre at the temperature37 C° comparing with phage titre at the temperature 50 C° and phage titre at the temperature 65 C°. effects of ether and chloroform on number of plaques and phage titre during 5,10,15 ,20,25 ,30,35 and 40 minutes it was(0.7x105 , 0.3x105 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0, 0 and 0) respectively in ether sensitivity, but the phage titre in chloroform sensitivity was completely inactivated by chloroform treatment, the statistical analysis (freedom degree ( 2,21 ) and F value=52.60 was high] significant increase (P<0.05) in phage titre in normal saline comparing with phage titre in ether and chloroform sensitivity