bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method of analytical modeling and simulation of technological processes subject to the influence of external factors
Authors: Denisova L A , Komarov V A , Meshcheryakov V A
Published: March 2022

The method of analytical modeling and simulation of technological processes is presented, which makes it possible to assess the influence of external factors on the operation of information and control systems. The application of this method to study the process of detecting pipeline defects by vibroacoustic control systems is considered. A mathematical model with automatic selection of the parameters of autocorrelation functions of random disturbances is proposed, which makes it possible to take into account the influence of natural and man-made noises on the detection process. The possibility of modeling the influence of random disturbances on the working processes of technological machines is also considered. The proposed simulation models are of practical value, since they allow one to study virtual prototypes of construction and road-building machinery in various modes and reduce the cost of performing expensive field experiments.
Kinematic model of the parallel convergence method in space
Authors: Dubanov A A
Published: March 2022

In this article, the implementation of the method of parallel convergence in space in a computer mathematics system is considered and discussed. In this method, the pursuer’s velocity vector is directed arbitrarily. The pursuer’s trajectory gradually approaches movement in the plane formed by the line connecting the initial positions of the pursuer and the target, and the velocity vector. In this task, the target moves uniformly and rectilinearly. The pursuer moves evenly. The points of the pursuer’s trajectory are calculated sequentially. They are being the result of the intersection of the plane containing the line of sight, sphere and cone. As we approach the plane where the target is moving, the algorithm for calculating the trajectory points changes. Now the point of the pursuer’s trajectory is the result of the intersection of the sphere, the plane of movement of the target and the plane containing the line of sight.
System for determining the state of the object surface based on fuzzy output rules
Authors: Lapteva U V , Kuzyakov O N , Andreeva M A
Published: March 2022

The article provides information on hydrocarbon production in the Russian Federation, accidents at facilities supervised by Rostekhnadzor, and also presents a statistical analysis of the causes of accidents at high-risk facilities. Typical issues of studying the condition of the surface of an oil and gas object are considered on the basis of the electron-projection method that simulates the moiré effect and evaluates the surface topology by a system of of fuzzy inference rules implemented in the structure of a neural network.
Indicators for the preliminary assessment of magnetotelluric data sufficiency
Authors: Lavrukhin A A , Turkin S N , Onufriev A S , Lobov K V
Published: March 2022

The study was aimed at determining the sufficiency of the data obtained as a result of recording signals in the magnetotelluric sounding method. Based on the analysis of statistical methods and approaches to data processing and the characteristic properties of signals containing correlated and uncorrelated noise, a set of numerical indicators is proposed. These values can be used to assess the sufficiency of the data amount that will be used to obtain geoelectric structure. The key indicator is the coefficient describing the physical compliance of the apparent resistance, depending on the confidence intervals calculated at adjacent frequencies. The confidence intervals and the proposed coefficient can be used to make a decision about the statistical consistency of the gathered data and can be calculated in the data acquisition equipment.
Features of an acousto-optical two-channel laser displacement interferometer with multi-frequency photodetectors with subpycometer resolution
Authors: Leun E V
Published: March 2022

The article discusses the issues of improving acousto-optical (AO) heterodyne laser displacement interferometers (LDI) by using two independent multi-frequency photodetectors: high- frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) low-noise, working with "fast inaccurate" and "slow accurate" measuring channels, respectively. The "fast inaccurate" channel allows you to measure displacements with high velocity peed movements. The scheme of the "slow accurate" channel is based on the joint operation of a phase-locked frequency system and a small-range phase meter, providing high resolution for low velocity. Such a scheme of AO LDI most fully implements its capabilities in the control of start-stop cyclic movements of objects, providing high resolution at the initial and final stages of movements with low velocity. A metrological analysis of the "slow accurate" channel is carried out, the possibilities and conditions for achieving AO LDI at low velocity of subpicometer resolution are shown.
Spectrophotometric method for contamination control of gas media filters
Authors: Litunov S N , Nemirova L F , Sysuev I A , Tashpulatov S Sh , Kochkorbaeva Ch T , Bezzateeva E G
Published: March 2022

The possibility of measuring air filter contamination by colourimetry methods is investigated. It is found that the optical density Drel, measured relative to a clean filter surface can be used to assess filter contamination with coloured contaminant. This indicator is convenient for the specific weight of the contaminant in the range of 5-50 g/m2 for substances with a density ρ < 1 g/cm3, and for the specific weight of the contaminant 10-250 g/m2 for ρ > 1. It is shown that in case of a colour dust contaminated filter, the most reliable indicator is the colour difference ΔE of the contaminated surface relative to the clean one. The analysis of colour charts a*b*, a*L* and b*L* constructed in the CIE L*a*b*-1976 system shows that the lightness value ΔL* is appropriate to measure dark contaminants, and the value ΔE is acceptable for light contaminants.
Automation of the control process of a gas pipeline network with a complex topological structure
Authors: Shtykov R A
Published: March 2022

The reliability of the gas pipeline network is determined by the perfection of the structures, the precise fullfilament of the conditions of its operation, ensuring the coordination of the flow parameters in the pipe with the parameters of the blowers. Deviation from the established mode of operation in gas pipelines can affect the stability of the system. With a significant deviation from the operating mode, various features arise, both kinematic and dynamic deviations in the flow, which leads to unstable operation of the system. Therefore, it is necessary to automate the control processes of the pipeline gas network during gas transportation, which will be based on the results of mathematical modelling of mass transfer processes in pipes to determine the main flow parameters. It is also known that the main losses and changes in flow parameters in pipelines occur along the entire length of the linear sections of the network. Therefore, to adapt these changes to specific objects, it is necessary to use more accurate mathematical models that allow to adequately control the processes in the network based on automated control systems.
Modeling and study of properties of surfaces equidistant to a sphere and a plane
Authors: Vyshnepolsky V I , Efremov A V , Zavarikhina E V
Published: March 2022

In the present paper geometric locus of points (GLP) equidistant to a sphere and a plane is considered; the properties of the acquired surfaces are studied. Four possible cases of mutual location of a sphere and a plane are considered: the plane passing through the center of the sphere, the plane intersecting the sphere, the plane tangent to the sphere and the plane passing outside the sphere. GLP equidistant to a sphere and a plane constitutes two co-axial co-focused paraboloids of revolution. General properties of the acquired paraboloids were studied: the location of foci, vertices, axis and directing planes, distance between the sphere center and the vertices, the distance between the vertices. GLP for each case of mutual location of a plane and a sphere constitutes: in case one passes through the center of other, two co-axial co-focused oppositely directed paraboloids of revolution symmetrical with respect to the given plane; in case they intersect each other, two co-axial co-focused oppositely directed non-symmetrical paraboloids; in case they are tangent to each other, a paraboloid and a straight line passing through the tangency point; in case they have no common points, a pair of co-axial co-focused mutually directed paraboloids of revolution.
Geometric modeling and study of properties of surfaces equidistant to two spheres
Authors: Vyshnepolsky V I , Kadykova N S , Peh D S
Published: March 2022

The paper considers the geometric locus of points equidistant to two spheres of different diameters. If these spheres are concentric, the sought multitude constitutes a single surface – a sphere of diameter equal to arithmetic mean of the diameters of the given spheres. In other cases the geometric locus of points equidistant to two spheres of different diameters constitutes two surfaces. In case the spheres intersect, are tangent or distant to each other, the first of these surfaces is a two-sheet hyperboloid of revolution that degenerates into a plane in case the spheres are equal. In case the spheres intersect, the second of the surfaces is an ellipsoid of revolution that degenerates into a straight line if the spheres are tangent to each other. In the case of distant spheres, the second of the surfaces is a two-sheet hyperboloid of revolution. In case the spheres contain one another, the sough geometric locus constitutes two co-axial co-focused ellipsoids of revolution. The equations defining the mentioned surfaces are presented. The regularities in shape and location of these surfaces were studied; the formulas for the major and the minor axes of the ellipsoids and the vertices of the two-sheet hyperboloids of revolution were derived.
Construction of a window function for estimating the parameters of sinusoidal signals with non-harmonic frequencies
Authors: Altman E A , Vaseeva T V
Published: March 2022

Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) allows you to determine the discrete spectrum of a signal. Due to the presence of its high-speed implementation, called Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), this transform is widely used in digital signal processing (DSP). Most DSP tasks that deal with analogy signal and spectrum adapt the DFT to find the signal spectrum between harmonics. One of the most commonly used ways of such adaptation – the use of window functions. The analysis of standard window functions (Kaiser, etc.) showed that their direct application to solving the problem of estimating the parameters (frequency, amplitude, and phase) of nonharmonic sinusoidal components of signals leads both to the need for additional corrections of the estimation results and to additional errors in determining the phase of the signal. The paper proposes a method that allows building a window function without the indicated drawbacks based on standard window functions. The essence of the method is to transform the standard window function so that its spectrum does not contain imaginary components, and the amplitude of the fundamental harmonic would be equal to 1. The results of modeling the proposed method on the example of the Kaiser window showed that the phase estimate of the nonharmonic components of the spectrum using the obtained window function, in contrast to the estimate using standard window functions, is not displaced.
Image processing for automatic road inventory
Authors: Belim S V , Khiryanov E V , Kvashnina P A , Ostrinskaya L I
Published: March 2022

Road image analysis is an important task for automatic road inventory. The determination geometric dimensions for the road and the identification road objects are subprocess of constructing a road digital image. In this article, two algorithms for solving different subtasks of automatic road image inventory are proposed. The first algorithm identifies road signs. A convolutional artificial neural network is used in this algorithm. The training set for the neural network is prepared. A computer experiment to determine the recognition effectiveness of road signs has been conducted. The second algorithm defines the edges of the pavement. The algorithm consists five stages. The edges of the road are modeled as straight lines. The result allows you to automatically determine the width of the road.
Development of a medical expert system: disease staging by a fuzzy classifier
Authors: Serobabov A S , Denisova L A
Published: March 2022

The article considers an approach to the processing and analysis of biomedical data from clinical examination. An automated diagnosis system is presented to be applied in liver disease diagnosis by the results of the initial examination of patients using a classifier based on fuzzy inference. The research is carried out by modeling the proposed system in the environment MATLAB FuzzyLogic. The regularities are revealed making it possible to normalize the results of laboratory tests depending on gender characteristics and to increase the percentage of correctly determined disease stages.
Recognition of the MNIST dataset with defective rows
Authors: Shevlyakov A N , Berezin A A
Published: March 2022

One of the well-known classification problems in machine learning is the problem of recognizing handwritten numbers. This task is solved, since there are different neural networks that determine with fairly high accuracy which number is shown in the picture. In this paper, we will consider the recognition of handwritten digits subjected to certain deformations.
A Cascadic Multigrid Algorithm on the Shishkin Mesh for a Singularly Perturbed Elliptic Problem with regular layers
Authors: Tikhovskaya S V
Published: March 2022

A two-dimensional linear elliptic equation with regular boundary layers is considered in the unit square. It is solved by using an upwind difference scheme on the Shishkin mesh which converges uniformly with respect to a small perturbation parameter. The scheme is resolved based on an iterative method. It is known that the application of multigrid methods leads to essential reduction of arithmetical operations amount. Earlier we investigated the cascadic two-grid method with the application of Richardson extrapolation to increase accuracy of the difference scheme by an order uniform with respect to a perturbation parameter, using an interpolation formula uniform with respect to a perturbation parameter. In this paper a cascadic multigrid algorithm of the same structure is studied. We construct an extrapolation of initial guess using numerical solutions on two coarse meshes to reduce the arithmetical operations amount. The application of the Richardson extrapolation method based on numerical solutions on the last three meshes leads to increase accuracy of the difference scheme by two orders uniformly with respect to a perturbation parameter. We compare the proposed cascadic multigrid method with a multigrid method with V-cycle. The results of some numerical experiments are discussed.
Designing an information system for the electronic document management of a university: automatic classification of documents
Authors: Tkachenko A L , Denisova L A
Published: March 2022

To ensure the effective functioning of the university educational environment, document flow processes automation, which includes the task of documents automatic classification, is of great importance. The article considers the task of classifying university documents by machine learning methods in order to improve the quality of classification. Documents preprocessing was carried out, which made it possible to distinguish significant words in documents, due to which the accuracy of documents classification increased. Described are methods of extracting features from text TF and TF-IDF, which determine keywords by words frequency included in document. A modification of the TF-IDF method is proposed, which consists in calculating the words importance depending on their part of speech. This made it possible to improve the classification quality by highlighting only important and significant words in documents. Suggested is a classification algorithm using a method of support vectors to reduce the documents number involved in classification and a method of k-nearest neighbor for classification. The advantage of this algorithm over the described analogues is shown, which is expressed in the number of mistakenly classified documents decrease.
Approaches to constructing two-dimensional interpolation formulas in the presence of boundary layers
Authors: Zadorin A I
Published: March 2022

An overview of approaches to the construction of two-dimensional interpolation formulas for a function of two variables with large gradients in the boundary layer regions is given. The problem is that the use of polynomial interpolation formulas on a uniform grid can lead to errors of the order of O(1). It is shown that the use of polynomial interpolation formulas on the Shishkin and Bakhvalov grids leads to the fact that the error becomes uniform in a small parameter. More accurate results are obtained by using the Bakhvalov grid. It is shown that on a uniform grid it is possible to successfully apply interpolation formulas that are exact on the singular components responsible for large function gradients in boundary layers. Numerical results are given.
Generalization of the Fourier Problem on Fluctuations in the Temperature of the Earth’s Crust
Authors: Afanas’ev Anatoliy , Bakhracheva Yulia
Published: March 2022

The problem of asymptotic fluctuations of temperature and moisture content in a half-space is solved by the method of complex amplitudes. The material filling the half-space consists of a solid base (capillary-porous body) and water. The well-known Fourier solution for temperature fluctuations in half-space in the absence of moisture and under the boundary conditions of heat exchange of the first kind is generalized to the case of a wet material under the boundary conditions of Newton for temperature and Dalton for moisture content. The results of the work can be used in geocryology to model seasonal fluctuations in the thermophysical characteristics of frozen rocks and soils.
Development and research of an induction heating system for a long pipeline
Authors: Aflyatunov R R , Khazieva R T , Vasilyev P I
Published: March 2022

The authors proposed an induction heating system for an extended pipeline, which implements the technology of local-associated heating, using the methods of functional integration. The authors carried out a study of the technology of local-associated thermal effect on an extended pipeline. We have developed a technical solution for a system of local-associated induction heating of a long pipeline using functional integration methods. We also developed a computer model of the system in the ELCUT 6.4 software package. The authors evaluated the efficiency of the heating process and obtained the characteristics of the magnetic field of the system as a result of modeling. We have solved a thermal problem that demonstrates the efficiency of the local heating technology.
Numerical simulation of moisture extraction under the influence of an acousto-convective flow from a thin cavern
Authors: Bedarev I A , Zhilin A A , Lavruk S A , Trushlyakov V I
Published: March 2022

With using the mechanics of multiphase media, the process of extraction of moisture from a dead pore is considered. The study was carried out by numerical simulation. Two-dimensional approach of interaction of the air flow with droplets without taking into account the processes of heat and mass transfer was considered.
Justification of parameters of the process of injecting compressed air into the piston air spring in the boom machine working equipment
Authors: Boyarkina I V , Boyarkin G N
Published: March 2022

While lifting a payload, boom machines perform a useless job to overcome gravitational forces of the working equipment gravity force. The piston spring, injected with compressed air to a pressure of pw
=10-15 MPa, ensures balancing gravitational forces of gravity during vertical movements and eliminates the indicated disadvantage. The piston air spring, independently mounted in the boom machine working equipment, represents an energy saving unit. A detailed analysis of physical processes of obtaining high-pressure compressed air for the injection into the air spring has been conducted, new solutions have been obtained, connected with the technology of air compression to high pressure, satisfying definite design requirements.
The design and technological provision of strength and wear resistance of aeroponic installation elements
Authors: Derkach V V , Churankin V G , Sevoyan V A , Kirgizova I V
Published: March 2022

The use of modern resource and energy-saving technologies in multifactor technological processes is a promising direction that allows improving the design and technological support of the manufacturing sector in most developed countries. The use of an electrochemical installation - aeroponic installation with automatic control system in industrial processes allows to reduce the consumption of the working solution. It is a more energy efficient process compared to traditional production technologies. The article describes the results of the development and creation of an automatic control system for technological processes in an aeroponic installation. The results of research on ensuring the strength and wear resistance of the elements of the system for supplying the working solution in the form of an aerosol using nozzles are presented.
Development and investigation of a supercapacitor based on an aqueous electrolyte
Authors: Fedyanin V V , Fedorov V K
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the development and research of a supercapacitor based on an aqueous electrolyte. The review of the current state in the field of energy storage is carried out. The processes occurring in the supercapacitor are considered. Sheets of paper with different carbon concentrations have been created. The design of the housing has been developed with the possibility of replacing the plates and electrolyte. This is an advantage in the process of conducting experiments. According to the results of the study, a prototype supercapacitor based on NaCl electrolyte with a capacity of 9F and a maximum output voltage of 1.2 V is presented.
Experimental studies of thermodynamic combustion processes of combustible demonstrators
Authors: Iordan Yu
Published: March 2022

The description of experimental benches for combustion of demonstration elements of material samples - combustion demonstrators (CD) is given. CD for investigating thermodynamic processes during combustion on experimental benches are developed. The results of experimental studies of combustion of CD made of different materials (existing and synthesized) are presented. A new direction of research is formulated - the development of combustible materials and structures made of them, providing the specified characteristics at all stages of operation.
Justifying calculations of people warning and evacuation algorithms in case of fire in accordance with its source location variants and combustion development dynamic
Authors: Khrapskii S F , Bedrina E A
Published: March 2022

Modern warning and people evacuation management systems in case of fire are able to implement different notification options (with a start evacuation delay) and different people groups routing, which reduces their flows density and the critical congestions formation probability on the evacuation routes. For these systems potential technical capabilities practical realization, warning and evacuation algorithms are required in accordance with the fire source location, the combustion development dynamic, the characteristic parameters of the object and the evacuating people. Such algorithms generation is possible on the basis of information about the current values and fire hazards increase dynamic in the premises and on the evacuation routes. The necessary information can be obtained as a result of numerical studies using software tools that implement mathematical models of heat and mass transfer and gas dynamic processes, as well as the evacuating people flows movement processes in case of fire. One of the algorithms examples for alerting and evacuating people for the educational institution building is presented. The calculated data make it possible to predict and evaluate the people safe evacuation fundamental possibility in case of fire and to propose space-planning, technical and organizational solutions and measures for its successful implementation.
Ductile barrier deformation mechanism
Authors: Proskuryakov N E , Lopa I V , Pasko A N
Published: March 2022

Impact loading of a barrier from ductile material is considered. It is postulated that deformation process can be modeled two independent interfaced tasks: deformation of a barrier as plate of final thickness from elastic and viscous-plastic material the hard puncher and evaluation of energy loss of the puncher on material deformation under it and overcoming force of front resistance. It is shown that on the one hand, losses of energy of the puncher on barrier material deformation by longitudinal waves of tension both on formation, and on a stopper cut, and with another are most significant, process of promotion of the created stopper is longest and determines generally time of breaking through the barrier.
Determination of the strain rate effect in electromagnetic forming processes
Authors: Proskuryakov N E , Lopa I V , Zverev I V
Published: March 2022

Effect of strain rate, quantity of plastic deformation and temperature of material on characteristics of material at electromagnetic forming is considered. It is shown that strength characteristics increase with growth of strain rate, and the plasticity increases with an increase in the value of plastic deformation and temperature. The variant of writing of the constitutive equation considering these changes is offered, and its use in calculations can significantly increase efficiency of calculations of operations of electromagnetic forming.
Dynamic characteristics modeling of rotary platform installed on board of a small spacecraft
Authors: Sedelnikov A V , Taneeva A S
Published: March 2022

The paper analyzes the capabilities of an automatic rotary platform of the "Flyuger" type to reduce micro-accelerations in a protected area when it is installed on a small spacecraft of the "Aist-2" type. The micro-accelerations field of the working volume of scientific equipment of the "Growth installation" type has been modeled. The comparison with flight test data is made. The results of the work can be used in the design of small technological spacecraft.
On application of rubber-metal seismic isolating supports of a ball tank under seismic load
Authors: Sergaeva M Yu , Lyubykh A M
Published: March 2022

This article considers the possibility of using seismic supports in seismic protection systems for ball tanks for storing liquefied hydrocarbon gases in seismically unstable operating conditions. Attention is paid to the study of support structures, which include rubber-metal vibration isolators. Based on the theory of long-term strength, the issues of the operability of rubber-metal seismic-insulating supports (RMSS) are considered. The use of RMSS reduces seismic loads in the supports of the tank by 1.5-2.0 times. At the same time, the analysis of the stress-strain state (SSS) of the tank body showed that the structural elements retain their operational characteristics under seismic load and meet the strength conditions in accordance with the requirements of the current standard technical documentation.
Methodology improvement for assessing the traction electric motors collector’s surface
Authors: Shkodun P K
Published: March 2022

The results of experimental studies of the rolling stock traction electric motors collector profile are presented. A technique is shown for combining collector’s profilograms in the cold and hot state for non-synchronized values of the origin. A new diagnostic parameter is proposed for assessing the state of the traction electric motors collector profile - the root-mean-square value of the difference in the relative heights of the collector plates in cold and hot states. The changes comparison results in the proposed diagnostic parameter for traction electric motors after repair in a locomotive repair depot are presented. The analysis of the influence of the collector formation on the state of the rolling stock traction electric motors collector profile is carried out. It is shown, that the change in the collector profile can be caused by two reasons - poor-quality forming, as well as poor-quality repairs.
Investigation of the dynamic stability of pressure regulators when taking into account the inertial forces of the hydraulic fluid flow
Authors: Syrkin V V , Galuza Yu F , Abramova I A , Treyer V A
Published: March 2022

The dynamic stability of pressure regulators in hydraulic systems of technological machines is considered, in which additional hydrodynamic forces arise in unsteady modes. The magnitude of these hydrodynamic forces is determined mainly by the first derivative of the flow rate through the throttle slot of the regulator in time. Experimental studies of pressure regulators have shown that hydrodynamic forces, depending on the switching scheme and the design dimensions of these devices, can affect their stability in various ways.
Determination of the parameters of the microwave ion thruster by the calorimetric method
Authors: Vavilov I S , Fedyanin V V , Yachmenev P S , Zharikov K I , Lukyanchik A I , Stepen’ P V
Published: March 2022

The paper presents the results of research to determine the dynamic component of the force of the jet stream of a microwave ion engine. The dynamic component was determined by an adiabatic calorimeter based on a heat flux density sensor. Experimental studies have shown that with a working fluid consumption (nitrogen) from 0.01 to 0.08 mg/s, the thrust of the micro-motor was from 1.45 to 13 μN. The calorimetric method gives inflated thrust values presumably due to ohmic heating in a DC glow discharge.
Determination of the thrust of an ion thruster by the resonant aerodynamic method (RAM-method)
Authors: Vavilov I S , Yachmenev P S , Fedyanin V V , Stepen’ P V , Lukyanchik A I , Zharikov K I
Published: March 2022

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the jet thrust of ionized nitrogen flowing from the working chamber of an experimental sample of an accelerator ion thruster into a vacuum space. The resonant aerodynamic method (RAM-method) was chosen as the main research method. A method for determining low thrust and the design of a stand for implementing the RAM- method are proposed. The object of research is a prototype of an accelerator two-gap ion thruster with a solid-state microwave plasma generator and a toroidal resonator. The study showed that a 2.5 W microwave generator together with a 2.5 W accelerating potential difference voltage source at a nitrogen consumption of 0.1 mg/s creates an ion jet, the speed of which reaches 100 km/s. The current of the ion jet was 5.5-6 μA. The jet thrust was 0.141-0.188 μN.
Change the state of 2D nanofilms under the substrate influence
Authors: Belim S V , Tikhomirov I V
Published: March 2022

2D films deformations under action of ferroelectric substrate by computer modeling method are performed in article. The film has a square lattice. We use harmonic law for the energy of interatomic interaction. The substrate effect on the film is simulated by the 2D Frenkel-Kontorova potential. The orientation of the film and the substrate do not match. Different cases for periods of film and substrate are considered. The Monte Carlo method is used for computer modeling. If the period of the film and the substrate coincide, the film atoms are placed at the minimum points of the substrate. The film on the substrate has a square crystal lattice. If the period of the substrate is less than the period of the film, the continuous film is converted into a film 2D nanoparticles. The substrate potential amplitude affects the filling of the space between particles. If the period of the substrate is longer than the period of the film, a superstructure in the form of a periodic lattice with an increased particle concentration is formed in the film. The distribution of atoms in the superstructure is determined by the substrate potential amplitude of the substrate potential.
Structure and phase composition of electrically conductive carbon black
Authors: Kropotin O V , Nesov S N , Polonyankin D A , Drozdova E A
Published: March 2022

A comprehensive study of the structure and phase composition of a promising brand of electrically conductive carbon black was carried out. It is shown that the material under study has a complex phase composition, which, along with carbon, includes other elements and compounds, such as sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen, and vanadium oxides. The structural state of carbon black can be defined as amorphous. The presence of functional oxygen-containing groups in the material, presumably attached to the edge carbon atoms of graphene layers, has been proved. The interrelation of some characteristics of the structure and phase composition of the material and the properties of polymer composites is discussed.
Optimal parameters for selective laser melting of various steel powders
Authors: Shakirov I V , Markova Yu M , Anisimov D M
Published: March 2022

The data of mechanical testing of samples manufactured by selective laser melting of powders using the EOSINT M270 unit is systematized. Used powder raw materials of a different chemical composition close to common stainless-steel brands. Melting parameters found to obtain a complex of mechanical properties exceeding the characteristics of monolithic samples.
Microstructure of spherical granules based on hydroxyapatite and wollastonite
Authors: Solonenko A P , Chikanova E S , Shevchenko A E , Polonyankin D A
Published: March 2022

Spherical granules are one of the preferred forms of biomaterials for bone defects healing. Chemical composition and microstructure of these materials are largely determines their behavior in vivo. Synthesis and properties investigation of polydispersed porous composite granular materials containing several bioactive components are the important task of modern biomedical chemistry. In this work, the microstructure of organomineral granules based on hydroxyapatite, wollastonite, and gelatine, and the products of their calcination were studied. It was found that as a result of removal of the polymer binder from the ceramic particles surface, nanopores were disclosed, and the subsequent crystallites sintering provide the granules shape stability.
Structural studies of samples manufactured by selective laser melting of the Fe-based powder
Authors: Zhukov A S , Vasilyeva E A , Staritsyn M V , Lebedeva N V , Barakhtin B K
Published: March 2022

In the structure of the samples manufactured by the additive method of selective laser melting (SLM) of the Fe-based powder, particles were detected with a minimum size of 0.15 ± 0.05 μm, which were interpreted as germ objects of solidification. The model of additive samples hardening by nanoparticles was proposed, which were formed in the process of desublimations (condensation of metal vapors + crystallization) in the sequence: Metastable state to Segregation to Cluster to Nano-object.
Improved method for measuring the electric field strength by the mean value of double sensors and devices for its application
Authors: Biryukov S V , Tyukin A V , Tyukina L V , Kolmogorova S S
Published: March 2022

The article reviews the method of measuring the electric field strength by the average value. Its advantages and disadvantages are discovered. Taking into account the identified disadvantages an improved method using a dual sensor and a built-in measuring and computing device, which allows to directly obtain the result of measuring the electric field strength, is proposed. To carry out the improved method of measurement in the devices for measuring the electric field strength, various types of electric induction sensors are considered from the position of minimum error and suitability for the improved method, of which dual sensors are selected. The use of dual sensors and the improved method in the proposed devices for measuring the electric field strength makes it possible to reduce the measurement error to +- (2-5) %. The designed devices for measuring the electric field strength allow obtaining the measurement result in the form of an equivalent of the electric field strength of a point charge.
The best sensitive single-coordinate interference jet-drop measurement of electric field strength
Authors: Leun E V
Published: March 2022

The article discusses the features of the implementation of highly sensitive single-coordinate measurements of electric field strength (EFS) by using of jet-drop optical measuring systems (JDOMS). The use of moving monodisperse charged droplets of a jet-drop coherent flow, which acquire a displacement depending on the directions of movement, the level of the EFS and of the droplet charge, is discussed. The issues of implementation of stroboscopic interference measurements of droplet displacements under impulsed illumination of their surfaces, used as curved reflectors, are considered in JDOMS. It is shown that measuring the displacements of the reflected oh drop of the laser beam makes it possible to determine the displacements of the reflecting drop and the value of the EFS at the selected coordinate, respectively. The features of the use of liquids with pigments and additives in the form of nanopowders of highly reflective metals, liquid metals (or their alloys) with a low melting point are considered in the JDOMS.
Steganalysis for DCT inserts with the Koch-Zhao steganographic method in low stego-payload images
Authors: Vilkhovskiy D E
Published: March 2022

This study focuses on the problem of detecting and locating secret data embedded using the Koch-Zhao steganographic method with discrete embedding. The proposed method of steganalysis is based on discrete cosine transform and enables to control and verify JPEG and MPEG images of stego-payload not exceeding 25%. Mid-frequency components are considered as the components targeted by the Koch-Zhao steganographic method. The proposed method of steganalysis delivers strong detection and locating accuracy and performs in 10-% stego-payload cases with sufficient reliability. Both gray-scale and color images can be verified on being a carrier or not being when using the detecting method proposed in the study.
Advances of the Research Department on Physicochemical and Electrical Measurements of FSUE "VNIIFTRI"
Authors: Dobrovolskiy V I , Oganyan N G
Published: March 2022

It is hard to imagine the development of the country's economy without constant development and improvement of its base of standards in order to ensure the uniformity of measurements both in a particular country and at the global level. For this purpose, there are four state metrological institutes with branches in Russia.

The Research Department on Physicochemical and Electrical Measurements is a structural subdivision of The Federal State Unitary Enterprise «Russian Metrological Institute of Technical Physics and Radio Engineering». The activity of the Research Department is related to the measurement of pH, pX, inorganic components in liquids, with measurements of the parameters of particles in various matrices, gases dissolved in a liquid, such as oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, measurements of the parameters of air ions, etc. Scientists of the Research Department conducting research to develop the certified reference materials in order to establish the measurement traceability to the Russian Primary Standards, to the calibration and measurement capabilities of metrology institutes at the database of key comparisons of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures.

The Research Department is constantly working to expand its capabilities for metrological support of industry and scientific research in the Russian Federation on the topics assigned to the institute, is actively working to improve its reference base, participates in technical committees and working groups of regional and international organizations related to metrology. Takes an active part in international and Russian conferences and seminars, round tables and discussions.

This paper describes the achievements of the Research Department over the past two years.
International comparisons on organic analysis. The main achievements and development perspectives
Authors: Mikheeva Alena Yu , Krylov Anatoliy I
Published: March 2022

International comparisons in organic analysis (OA) are organized and coordinated by the Organic Analysis Working Group (OAWG) of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM). OAWG also performs strategic planning and highlights the focus areas and challenges in OA. Realizing well that the amount of organic compounds and potential combinations of analyte-matrix is numerous, the OAWG has developed a systematic approach to the comparisons organizing. This approach allows to comprehensively describe the specifics of each comparison and appropriate features combination allows to cover all relevant aspects of OA. In terms of CMCs submission, recently the new concept has been created suggesting a broader view on the NMIs competence – it is the concept of “Broad Scope Claims” (BCs). BCs allow NMIs to submit CMCs for a wider range of analytes and matrices. In 2021 the OAWG has highlighted the priority areas for activities and promising methods and technologies for the OA for the period up to 2030.

In international comparisons on OA Russia is represented by VNIIM. Since 1998 VNIIM has been taking part in more than 35 comparisons covering various aspects of OA. Each successful comparison is a real and documented confirmation of Russia competence in the relevant OA area. At the moment 89 CMCs are presented in the Database, including 25 BCs.
Bottom-up evaluation of complex measurements in chemistry by the Monte Carlo simulation of sample preparation
Authors: Bettencourt da Silva R , Morgado V , Palma C
Published: March 2022

The measurement uncertainty is required for the objective and sound interpretation of the measurement result. However, the evaluation of the uncertainty of complex measurements in chemistry, such as for the analysis of trace levels of analytes in environmental or biological samples after complex sample preparation, is not trivial. Some examples of complex sample preparations are acid digestions of the sample for the elemental analysis or the solvent extraction of organic analytes. This communication presents a novel approach for the “subanalytical” evaluation of complex sample preparation that involves the isolation and the Monte Carlo Method simulation of the precision and trueness of the analytical steps. The simulation is based on observed experimental performance since the analytical efficiency frequently varies with uncontrolled characteristics of the analysed item.
Metrological Assurance of Infrared Transillumination of Biological Tissues
Authors: Kolpakov Alexander V , Muravskaya Natalya P
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the urgent scientific and technical problem of developing metrological assurance for hardware and software infrared transillumination systems designed to visualize the internal structure of biological tissues in order to detect early stages, measure and control the dynamics of pathological processes. As part of solving this problem, at the Department of Biomedical Technical Systems of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University a set of measures that simulate the optical properties of biological tissues, containing local optical in homogeneities was developed. Experimental studies were carried out using the developed measures, as a result of which the possibility of visualizing the structural in homogeneities of biological tissues using the method of infrared transillumination was shown. The approved method for the manufacture of measures can be used to simulate the optical properties of biological tissues in the course of subsequent studies and further stages of the development of metrological assurance for hardware and software complexes of infrared transillumination.
Metrology of cellular analysis: problems and solutions
Authors: Runov A L , Shevchenko N N , Goryachaya T S , Kurchakova E V , Vonsky M S
Published: March 2022

Cellular analysis is one of the perspective developing areas of metrology. The complexity of the measuring object requires novel approaches and correct metrological support for the quantitative methods of cellular analysis. Definition of the quantitative parameters and nominal properties of the cell, standardization of methodology – these are main tasks of the Cellular Analysis Working Group of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance: Metrology in Chemistry and Biology. The results of a number of pilot studies carried out by Working Group can be used as a first step establishing metrological traceability of the cell measurements. Development of the stable reference materials for cell quantification is a challenging problem. One of the promising solutions seems to apply synthetic cell-mimicking particles. Currently we are in the process of developing candidate synthetic reference materials for cell measurements.
Improvement of methods and means of measuring the content of toxicants in biological objects
Authors: Vikhrova S V , Rutenberg O L , Smirnov A V , Petukhov A E , Barinskaya T O
Published: March 2022

The results of the development of a reference procedure for measuring the content of toxicants in biological objects are considered. To ensure traceability to the state primary standard, two types of certified reference materials of aqueous solutions of propanol-1 and propanol-2 have been developed, manufactured and approved. The mass spectra of narcotic psychotropic and psychoactive medicinal substances with fixed retention times were investigated. Mass spectra tables have been approval as standard reference data.
Risks of false decisions on conformity of a sausage with a mass balance constraint
Authors: Kuselman I. , Pennecchi F.R. , Hibbert D.B. , Semenova A.A.
Published: March 2022

A technique for evaluation of risks in a sausage conformity assessment is developed. Measurement uncertainty, correlation and mass balance constraint are considered. A multivariate Bayesian approach and a Monte Carlo method are applied. Risks in assessment of sausage "Braunschweigskaya" are evaluated as a case study. R code for the risk evaluation is provided as electronic supplementary material.
Application of the electronic paramagnetic resonance method for detecting radiation-processed food products
Authors: Kuvykina Maria , Pryadka Alexey , Tenishev Vladimir , Gorskiy Andrey , Aprelev Alexey
Published: March 2022

This paper presents the results of work on studying the capabilities of EPR spectroscopy for identifying certain types of food products treated with ionizing radiation at various doses, determining the dose and time elapsed since the product was treated with ionizing radiation. The samples were examined for 270 days. For the prepared samples, the post-effect of irradiation with ionizing radiation was studied, which manifested itself in a change in the number of paramagnetic centers in the sample.