bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Olfactory sensory preconditioning in Drosophila: role of memory forgetting in gating S1/S2 associations
Authors: Phan Anna , Martinez-Cervantes Juan , Cervantes-Sandoval Isaac
Published: November 2021

Learning and memory storage is a complex process that has proven challenging to tackle. It is likely that, in real nature, the instructive value of reinforcing experiences is acquired rather than innate. The association between seemingly neutral stimuli increases the gamut of possibilities to create meaningful associations and increases the predictive power of moment-by-moment experiences. Here we report physiological and behavioral evidence of olfactory unimodal sensory preconditioning in fruit flies. We show that the presentation of a pair of odors (S1 and S2) before one of them (S1) is associated with electric shocks elicits a conditional response not only to the trained odor (S1) but to the odor previously paired with it (S2). This occurs even if the S2 odor was never presented in contiguity with the aversive stimulus. In addition, we show that inhibition of the small G protein and known forgetting regulator Rac1 facilitates the association between S1/S2 odors. These results indicate that flies can infer value to non-paired odor based on the previous associative structure between odors, and inhibition of Rac1 lengthens the time of olfactory “sensory buffer,” allowing linking of neutral odors presented in sequence.
Ubiquitination drives COPI priming and Golgi SNARE localization
Authors: Date Swapneeta S. , Xu Peng , Hepowit Nathaniel L. , Diab Nicholas S. , Best Jordan , Xie Boyang , Du Jiale , Strieter Eric R. , Jackson Lauren Parker , MacGurn Jason A. , Graham Todd R.
Published: November 2021

Deciphering mechanisms controlling SNARE localization within the Golgi complex is crucial to understanding protein trafficking patterns within the secretory pathway. SNAREs are also thought to prime COPI assembly to ensure incorporation of these essential cargoes into vesicles but the regulation of these events is poorly understood. Here we report a roles for ubiquitin recognition by COPI in SNARE trafficking and in stabilizing interactions between Arf, COPI, and Golgi SNAREs. The ability of COPI to bind ubiquitin through its N-terminal WD repeat domain of β’COP or through an unrelated ubiquitin-binding domain (UBD) is essential for the proper localization of Golgi SNAREs Bet1 and Gos1. We find that COPI, the ArfGAP Glo3 and multiple Golgi SNAREs are ubiquitinated. Notably, the binding of Arf and COPI to Gos1 is markedly enhanced by ubiquitination of these components. Glo3 is thought to prime COPI-SNARE interactions; however, Glo3 is not enriched in the ubiquitin-stabilized SNARE-Arf-COPI complex but is instead enriched with COPI complexes that lack SNAREs. These results support a new model for how posttranslational modifications drive COPI priming events crucial for Golgi SNARE localization.
Revisiting the diagnostic criteria for emergence from the minimally conscious state: An empirical investigation
Authors: Golden Katherine , Erler Kimberly S. , Wong John , Giacino Joseph T. , Bodien Yelena G.
Published: November 2021

Objective

To determine whether consistent command-following (CCF) should be added to the diagnostic criteria for emergence from the minimally conscious state (MCS)

Design

Retrospective cohort study

Setting

Inpatient rehabilitation hospital

Participants

Patients with severe acquired brain injury and disorders of consciousness (DoC) admitted to a specialized rehabilitation program

Main Outcome Measure

Difference between time to recovery of CCF and time to recovery of functional object use [FOU] or functional communication [FC] (the two existing criteria for emergence from MCS) as measured by the Coma Recovery Scale – Revised [CRS-R]).

Results

Of 214 patients (median [interquartile range] age: 53 [34, 66] years, male: 134 (62.6%), traumatic etiology: 115 (53.7%), admission CRS-R total score: 10 [7, 13]) admitted to rehabilitation without CCF, FO, or FC, 162 (75.7%) recovered CCF and FOU or FC during the eight-week observation period. On average, recovery of CCF, FOU, and FC was observed within one day of one another, approximately 46 [38.25, 58] days post-injury. One hundred and sixteen patients (71.6%) recovered FOU or FC prior to or at the same time as CCF.

Conclusions

In patients recovering from DoC, CCF reemerges around the same time as FOU and FC. This finding likely reflects the shared dependency of these behaviors on cognitive procecess (e.g., language comprehension, attention, motor control) that are essential for effective interpersonal interaction and social participation. Our results support the addition of CCF to the existing diagnostic criteria for emergence from MCS.
Shifting the paradigms in waqf economics: towards renewed focus on socioeconomic development
Authors: Lamido Abdullahi Abubakar , Haneef Mohamed Aslam
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This paper critically reviews and analyzes the trends in waqf studies within the Islamic economics literature. It analyzes the recent developments and debates in waqf reform and advances the argument for prioritizing research on waqf economics; the waqf dimension that is concerned with modelling how to utilize it to enhance productivity, consumption, redistribution, investment and saving, and generally contribute sustainably towards poverty reduction, economic empowerment and development.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is conceptual in nature, focusing on a systematic historical analytical review of waqf studies in Islamic economics literature.

Findings

Despite the documented historic role of waqf in constructing the Muslim socio-economic architecture as the third economic sector and a mechanism for civilizational development and renewal, it received little attention in the early writings on modern Islamic economics. While the past one decade has witnessed a renewed interest in waqf research, most studies focus on its legal, juristic and administrative aspects in addition to the nostalgic reflections on its past glories. Little attention is comparatively given to the socio-economic aspect, which represents the actual raison d’être for its institutionalization.

Practical implications

An important task ahead of the current generation of Islamic economists is to formulate waqf-based development models that are rooted in proper diagnosis and deep understanding of the current socio-economic realities of the OIC member countries for the purpose of uplifting living standards and stimulating sustainable socio-economic development.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the debate on priorities in waqf studies and practice and can trigger further discourses and research on the future of research in waqf economics.
What influences bank lending in Saudi Arabia?
Authors: Miyajima Ken
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Determinants of credit growth in Saudi Arabia are investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

A panel approach is applied to macroeconomic and bank-level data spanning 2000 ‐15.

Findings

Bank lending is supported by strong bank balance sheet conditions (high capital ratio, and growth of NPL provisioning and deposits), and higher growth of both oil prices and non-oil private sector GDP. Lower bank concentration also helps, likely through greater competition, so does stronger institution. Consistent with the literature, lending by Islamic banks may be more responsive to economic activity. Lending remained robust in 2015 despite oil prices having declined, helped by strong bank balance sheets and as banks reduced their holdings of “excess liquidity”. To support bank lending in the period ahead, bank balance sheets need to remain strong. Fiscal adjustment and a reduced reliance on banks to finance the budget deficit would support credit provision to the private sector.

Originality/value

The paper is first to analyze in detail determinants of bank lending in Saudi Arabia applying a panel approach to bank level data, and draws critical policy implications.
Factors affecting Sharīʿah audit quality in Islamic banking institutions of Pakistan: a theoretical framework
Authors: Rashid Abdul , Ghazi Muhammad Saarim
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The objective of this study is to present a theoretical framework, which helps ascertain the meanings of the Sharīʿah audit quality and identify the factors that affect it.

Design/methodology/approach

The current literature of conventional and Islamic finance on audit quality is critically reviewed to propose the theoretical framework for the quality of Sharīʿah audit.

Findings

The paper suggests that for a better Sharīʿah compliance at Islamic banking institutions (IBIs), the role of audit practitioners is very much indispensable. The competency of the practitioner is one of the important factors that affect the quality of the Sharīʿah audit. Assessment and identification of Sharīʿah risk in different financial arrangements, contracts and transactions require a unique competency on the part of the auditor, that is, gripping Sharīʿah law besides traditional assurance skills and techniques.

Practical implications

The Sharīʿah compliance is one of the primary objectives of IBIs, which works at the conceptual level, product development and implementation level, various business models and governance level. Sharīʿah audit function, internal or external, is an important component of Sharīʿah governance framework and provides an independent assessment of IBIs’ compliance with the Sharīʿah rules and principles and helps in managing the Sharīʿah non-compliance risk and ensuring sound internal Sharīʿah control system.

Originality/value

The paper proposes a theoretical framework for defining the Sharīʿah audit quality and determining the factors that are significant in affecting the Sharīʿah audit quality in the IBIs of Pakistan.
Engaging with technological sustainability
Authors: Seifi Shahla
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This study aims to introduce the journal and its purpose.

Design/methodology/approach

This study reviews a variety of issues to show the kind of research which is relevant to the journal and the approaches which can be used.

Findings

This study shows the great need for research in the ways in which technological development is needed in order to address the issues of sustainability.

Practical implications

These can be many and diverse.

Originality/value

As the introductory chapter for this new journal its purpose is unique.
Metabolism of key atmospheric volatile organic compounds by the marine heterotrophic bacterium Pelagibacter HTCC1062 (SAR11)
Authors: Moore Eric R. , Weaver Alec J. , Davis Edward W. , Giovannoni Stephen J. , Halsey Kimberly H.
Published: November 2021

Plants and phytoplankton are natural sources of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) acetone and isoprene, which are reactive and can alter atmospheric chemistry. In earlier research we reported that, when co‐cultured with a diatom, the marine bacterium Pelagibacter (strain HTCC1062; ‘SAR11 clade’) reduced the concentration of compounds tentatively identified as acetone and isoprene. In this study, experiments with Pelagibacter monocultures confirmed that these cells are capable of metabolizing acetone and isoprene at rates similar to bacterial communities in seawater and high enough to consume substantial fractions of the total marine acetone and isoprene budgets if extrapolated to global SAR11 populations. Homologues of an acetone/cyclohexanone monooxygenase were identified in the HTCC1062 genome and in the genomes of a wide variety of other abundant marine taxa, and were expressed at substantial levels (c. 10−4 of transcripts) across TARA oceans metatranscriptomes from ocean surface samples. The HTCC1062 genome lacks the canonical isoprene degradation pathway, suggesting an unknown alternative biochemical pathway is used by these cells for isoprene uptake. Fosmidomycin, an inhibitor of bacterial isoprenoid biosynthesis, blocked HTCC1062 growth, but the cells were rescued when isoprene was added to the culture, indicating SAR11 cells may be capable of synthesizing isoprenoid compounds from exogenous isoprene.
Range of serum transthyretin levels in hemodialysis patients at a high risk of 1‐year mortality: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kumagai Etsuko , Hosohata Keiko , Furumachi Kazuhiro , Takai Shinji
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Transthyretin (TTR) is a sensitive marker of nutritional status and independent risk factor for mortality in hemodialysis patients. However, its range associated with prognosis in Japanese hemodialysis patients is unknown.

Methods

Maintenance hemodialysis Patients (n = 664) were enrolled, and their TTR levels were measured to assess 1‐year mortality. Patients were assigned to four groups based on TTR levels: <20, 20 to <30 (control), 30 to <40, and ≥40 mg/dl. One‐year mortality at each TTR range was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model after adjustment for prognostic factors.

Results

Seventy‐seven (11.6%) deaths were recorded during follow‐up. The hazard ratio (HR) of TTR <20 mg/dl was significantly higher compared with the control group in terms of all‐causes (HR: 3.14) and non‐cardiovascular mortality (HR: 6.986).

Conclusion

TTR levels were independent and sensitive predictors of mortality in hemodialysis patients. TTR <20 mg/dl is a risk factor for 1‐year mortality in Japanese hemodialysis patients.
Profits, prices and productivity in a common pool fishery
Authors: Walden John B. , Lee Min‐Yang , O'Donnell Christopher J.
Published: November 2021

Profitability change for any firm depends on both price and productivity change. Because most firms have little influence on prices in either output or input markets, oftentimes productivity change is thought to be the most relevant determinant of profitability change. When firms produce a product by harvesting or extracting government‐regulated natural resource stocks, it is important for regulators to understand how their decisions influence firm profitability and its underlying drivers. In this study, we use a recently developed index number decomposition method to identify the drivers of profitability, price, and productivity change for vessels operating in the U.S. northeast scallop fishery. Our main finding is that increases in profitability over the period 1996 to 2015 were primarily due to increases in prices for scallops, combined with favorable biomass change. Fishing vessels were able to get higher prices for their harvest because of an innovative spatial harvest strategy, which resulted in catches of large, premium‐priced scallops. Remarkably, this system resulted in both an increase in vessels harvesting scallops and large increases in profitability.
Prevalence and prognostic importance of lung ultrasound findings in acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Lindner Moritz , Lindsey Anika , Bain Paul A. , Platz Elke
Published: November 2021

Background

Heart failure (HF) complicating acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a herald of adverse outcomes. In this systematic review, we investigated the prevalence of lung ultrasound (LUS) findings and their prognostic utility among patients with ACS.

Methods

We searched the online databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for studies (full‐text articles, published in English) that used LUS in adult patients with ACS [ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina].

Results

Of 462 studies screened, five prospective, observational investigations published between 2010 and 2021 including 1087 patients met our inclusion criteria. Two studies employed 28‐zone imaging protocols whereas three used eight‐zone protocols. The proportion of patients with a prior HF diagnosis was ≤ 5% in all studies. The prevalence of B‐lines was examined prior to or within 12 hours after coronary angiogram and reporting varied between studies due to different imaging protocols or quantification methods. A higher number of B‐lines on admission was associated with an increased risk for developing symptomatic HF during the baseline hospitalization and with a higher in‐hospital mortality rate using either 8 or 28‐zone protocols. A higher number of B‐lines at baseline was also associated with an increased risk of subsequent HF hospitalization or all‐cause death.

Conclusions

Pulmonary congestion by LUS performed on admission appears to be a common finding among patients hospitalized for ACS and is associated with adverse in‐hospital and long‐term outcomes. Further investigations using standardized LUS protocols are warranted and have the potential to improve risk stratification in ACS.
Reversible Takotsubo cardiomyopathy with non‐revascularized concomitant severe coronary artery disease
Authors: Taguchi Yumiko V. , Naqvi Tasneem Z.
Published: November 2021

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a transient cardiac condition commonly triggered by a stressor, presenting with clinical features mimicking acute coronary syndromes. We report an unusual case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a man with severe three‐vessel coronary artery disease awaiting coronary bypass surgery who developed rapid spontaneous recovery of cardiac function before revascularization.
An epi‐evolutionary model for predicting the adaptation of spore‐producing pathogens to quantitative resistance in heterogeneous environments
Authors: Fabre Frédéric , Burie Jean‐Baptiste , Ducrot Arnaud , Lion Sébastien , Richard Quentin , Djidjou‐Demasse Ramsès
Published: November 2021

We have modeled the evolutionary epidemiology of spore‐producing plant pathogens in heterogeneous environments sown with several cultivars carrying quantitative resistances. The model explicitly tracks the infection‐age structure and genetic composition of the pathogen population. Each strain is characterized by pathogenicity traits determining its infection efficiency and a time‐varying sporulation curve taking into account lesion aging. We first derived a general expression of the basic reproduction number for fungal pathogens in heterogeneous environments. We show that the evolutionary attractors of the model coincide with local maxima of only if the infection efficiency is the same on all host types. We then studied the contribution of three basic resistance characteristics (the pathogenicity trait targeted, resistance effectiveness, and adaptation cost), in interaction with the deployment strategy (proportion of fields sown with a resistant cultivar), to (i) pathogen diversification at equilibrium and (ii) the shaping of transient dynamics from evolutionary and epidemiological perspectives. We show that quantitative resistance affecting only the sporulation curve will always lead to a monomorphic population, whereas dimorphism (i.e., pathogen diversification) can occur if resistance alters infection efficiency, notably with high adaptation costs and proportions of the resistant cultivar. Accordingly, the choice of the quantitative resistance genes operated by plant breeders is a driver of pathogen diversification. From an evolutionary perspective, the time to emergence of the evolutionary attractor best adapted to the resistant cultivar tends to be shorter when resistance affects infection efficiency than when it affects sporulation. Conversely, from an epidemiological perspective, epidemiological control is always greater when the resistance affects infection efficiency. This highlights the difficulty of defining deployment strategies for quantitative resistance simultaneously maximizing epidemiological and evolutionary outcomes.
AUCTIONS FOR CHARITY: THE CURSE OF THE FAMILIAR
Authors: Carpenter Jeffrey , Damianov Damian S. , Matthews Peter Hans
Published: November 2021

Auctions and raffles are commonly used to fund public goods. We run fundraising events in the field at the meetings of a well‐known service organization across the United States to examine the fundraising properties of five mechanisms: one that is common in the literature, two that are familiar to practitioners in the field, and two that are new. Consistent with a novel model assuming independent private attachments to the charity, we find large differences in the performance between the two most familiar formats, but these disparities are dwarfed by the differentials achieved using the new and less common formats.
In vitro enzymatic synthesis of a monomeric theaflavin using a polyphenol oxidase isozyme from tea (Camellia sinensis) leaf
Authors: Teng Jie , Liu Yang , Zeng Wen , Zhou Mengzhen , Liu Yafang , Huang Yahui , Chen Qincao
Published: November 2021

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) plays an important role in tea production, and there are many studies on the enzymatic synthesis of theaflavins using PPO; however, using a purified PPO isozyme (PPOI) instead of a crude PPO enzyme to obtain monomeric theaflavin in vitro is a novel approach that has rarely been previously reported. In the present study, a tea PPOI was purified and used for the enzymatic synthesis of theaflavin monomers. Tea leaf PPOI was purified 12.90‐fold, with recovery yield of 1.30% via the sequential use of precipitation with 30%−80% saturated (NH4)2SO4, Q‐Sepharose Fast Flow anion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G‐75 gel filtration chromatography. Subsequently, PPOI was used in the enzymatic synthesis of theaflavins: under various pH, temperatures, reaction times and catechin substrate composition and concentration, only the amount of theaflavin components produced was changed, and no other theaflavin component apart from the theaflavin monomer was produced. These results highlight the importance of monomeric theaflavin synthesis using purified PPOI isozyme and provide insight into PPO in the context of tea production.
Psychophysical burden and lack of support: Reasons for care workers’ intentions to leave their work in the Nordic countries
Authors: Van Aerschot Lina , Mathew Puthenparambil Jiby , Olakivi Antero , Kröger Teppo
Published: November 2021

Long‐term care of older adults is currently suffering from a shortage of trained personnel and high turnover rates. Care work is poorly paid, demanding, increasingly time‐bound and both mentally and physically burdensome. In this study, we examined the individual, organisational and economic factors that predict professional care workers’ intentions to leave their current employment, using the NORDCARE survey data (2015, N = 3801) collected in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The respondents were mainly practical and assistant nurses. The analysis showed that the predictors of intentions to leave were similar in the four countries. The most consistent organisational predictors of leaving intentions were related to psychophysical burden and a lack of supervisor support. Younger age also predicted intentions to leave. To break the vicious circle of burdensome work and high turnover, care workers need sufficient resources and support to conduct their work properly.
A qualitative research on emigration and identity in İzmir–Eşrefpaşa
Authors: Yıldızer Özkan Elif , Zengin Çelik Hayat
Published: November 2021

Eşrefpaşa has been considered as a migration settlement where every emigrant, immigrant or refugee has an opportunity to live freely according to their tradition and culture without any pressure considering the ethnic and social diversity. This article aims to comprehend how the next generations of emigrants in Eşrefpaşa describe their ancestors, identities, cultures and urban environment and highlight the transformations they faced spatially and socially. After conducting an in‐depth interview study of 26 people between the ages of 35 and 85 years, the analysis revealed that second and third generations preserve their culture, while the identity of emigration has substantially decreased for the fourth generation due to the undeniable effects of individualism and globalization on society since the early 2000s. The outcomes obtained in this paper, the most up‐to‐date of the rare oral interviews performed with the emigrants in Eşrefpaşa, can be used as a resource of discussion for developing future research.
Association between pre‐pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus: The Japan Environment and Children's Study
Authors: Saito Yoshihiro , Kobayashi Sumitaka , Ikeda‐Araki Atsuko , Ito Sachiko , Miyashita Chihiro , Kimura Takashi , Hirata Takumi , Tamakoshi Akiko , Mayama Michinori , Noshiro Kiwamu , Nakagawa Kinuko , Umazume Takeshi , Chiba Kentaro , Kawaguchi Satoshi , Morikawa Mamoru , Cho Kazutoshi , Watari Hidemichi , Ito Yoshiya , Saijo Yasuaki , Kishi Reiko ,   the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) group
Published: November 2021

Aims/Introduction

We investigated the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and perinatal outcomes stratified by pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and/or gestational weight gain (GWG).

Materials and Methods

Data from the national birth cohort in the Japan Environment and Children's Study from 2011 to 2014 (n = 85,228) were used. Japan uses the GDM guidelines of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups. The odds ratios (ORs) of perinatal outcomes were compared between women with and those without GDM.

Results

The OR (95% confidence interval) of having a small for gestational age infant in the GDM group with a pre‐pregnancy BMI of ≥25.0 kg/m2 and insufficient GWG (<2.75 kg) was 1.78 (1.02–3.12). The OR of having a large for gestational age infant of the same BMI group with excessive GWG (>7.25 kg) was 2.04 (1.56–2.67). The OR of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was higher in women with a BMI ≥18.5 kg/m2 in the GDM group than in the non‐GDM group.

Conclusions

Large for gestational age and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were associated with pre‐pregnancy BMI and GWG in either normal weight or overweight/obese women, and the relationship was strengthened when GDM was present. Women with GDM and a BMI of ≥25.0 kg/m2 are at risk of having small for gestational age and large for gestational age infants depending on GWG.
Safety and efficacy of mesotherapy in the treatment of melasma: A review article
Authors: Khalili Maryam , Amiri Rezvan , Iranmanesh Behzad , Zartab Hamed , Aflatoonian Mahin
Published: November 2021

Background

Mesotherapy is a popular novel therapeutic modality that is defined as intradermal or subcutaneous microinjection of pharmaceutical compounds. Although this novel treatment method is used commonly in aesthetic dermatology, there is little information about details of injections, efficacy, and side effects of mesotherapy in melasma.

Aim

In this review, we evaluated efficacy and safety of various types of mesotherapy in the treatment of melasma.

Method

We searched Google Scholar, Medline, and PubMed for related articles with keywords “melasma” OR “chloasma” AND “mesotherapy” OR “injection.” Inclusion criteria were articles that evaluated intradermal injection of lightening drugs and published dates between January 2000 and September 2021. Exclusion criteria were articles in languages other than English or non‐human studies.

Results

Thirty‐three articles evaluated efficacy of mesotherapy in melasma, including 28 articles about tranexamic acid, 4 articles about vitamin C, 2 articles about glutathione, and 2 articles about triamcinolone.

Conclusion

Mesotherapy is a good alternative or adjunctive choice in patients who are refractory to first‐line therapy, patients with low compliance with everyday use of topical therapy, patients with contraindication to oral tranexamic acid therapy, or who wish short downtime and fast recovery period. Further studies with large sample sizes are required to determine ideal concentrations of mesotherapy substances and intervals between sessions and to evaluate the efficacy of different substances for mesotherapy as monotherapy compared to combination therapy and other treatment modalities for melasma.
Relationship Between Impulsivity and Binge Eating in Japanese Adult Women: Using a Japanese Version of S‐UPPS‐P Impulsive Behavior Scale
Authors: Suzuki Tomohiro , Yamamiya Yuko , Yazawa Mikako
Published: November 2021

This study investigated the relationship between impulsivity and binge eating in Japanese adult women. In Study 1, we created a Japanese version of a psychological scale named the Short‐Urgency‐Premeditation‐Perseverance‐Sensation Seeking‐Positive Urgency (S‐UPPS‐P) Impulsive Behavior Scale to assess impulsivity in a Japanese sample, and confirmed good reliability and validity. Then, the relationship between impulsivity and binge eating was examined by mediating analyses, regression analyses, and structural equation modeling in Study 2. Results indicated that both negative urgency and positive urgency directly led to binge eating. Moreover, sensation‐seeking led to binge eating via unstructured dieting. Hence, our findings suggest that impulsivity has two routes to binge eating. One is the direct route to binge eating and the other is the indirect route via dieting behavior.
Protein turnover in the developing Triticum aestivum grain
Authors: Cao Hui , Duncan Owen , Millar A. Harvey
Published: November 2021

Protein abundance in cereal grains is determined by the relative rates of protein synthesis and protein degradation during grain development but quantitation of these rates is lacking.

Through combining in vivo stable isotope labelling and in‐depth quantitative proteomics, we have measured the turnover of 1400 different types of proteins during wheat grain development.

We demonstrate that there is a spatiotemporal pattern to protein turnover rates which explain part of the variation in protein abundances that is not attributable to differences in wheat gene expression. We show that c. 20% of total grain adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production is used for grain proteome biogenesis and maintenance, and nearly half of this budget is invested exclusively in storage protein synthesis. We calculate that 25% of newly synthesized storage proteins are turned over during grain development rather than stored.

This approach to measure protein turnover rates at proteome scale reveals how different functional categories of grain proteins accumulate, calculates the costs of protein turnover during wheat grain development and identifies the most and the least stable proteins in the developing wheat grain.
The absence of differential electrodermal responding in the second half of acquisition does not indicate the absence of fear learning
Authors: Lipp Ottmar V. , Luck Camilla C. , Waters Allison M.
Published: November 2021

Many contemporary studies of human fear conditioning exclude participants who fail to show differential electrodermal responding during late stages of acquisition training, deeming them to be non‐Learners. The current study examined whether non‐Learners, defined as those who fail to show larger electrodermal first interval responses to CS+ than to CS− in the second half of acquisition, show differential electrodermal responding early during acquisition or during extinction or evidence of fear‐learning on other measures, including rated CS valence and contingency report. In a sample of 351 participants who completed a standard differential fear‐conditioning paradigm that employed electrodermal first and second interval responses (FIR, SIR), continuous CS evaluations, and post‐experimental contingency reports to assess fear‐learning, 74 participants were identified as non‐Learners. These non‐Learners displayed overall smaller electrodermal responses but showed evidence for differential conditioning during acquisition in electrodermal FIR (block1) and SIR (blocks 2–3) and in CS evaluations during acquisition (blocks 2–4) and extinction (blocks 1–4). Fifty‐nine non‐Learners correctly reported the contingencies. A lack of differential electrodermal first interval responding during the second half of acquisition does not indicate the absence of fear‐learning. Rather, this criterion appears to capture participants who exhibit low physiological arousal and performance decrements toward the end of acquisition. Applying criteria based on “end of acquisition” electrodermal responding to determine “non‐learning” results in the exclusion of participants who display fear‐learning at other experimental stages or in other measures.
Right ventricular dimensions during COPD exacerbations: A matter of low preload versus high afterload?
Authors: Neder J. Alberto , O'Donnell Denis E.
Published: November 2021

See related article
Risk classification and the balance of information in insurance; an alternative interpretation of the evidence
Authors: de Jong Casper H.
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this paper is to enhance understanding of the factors influencing the balance of information between policyholder and insurer. The emphasis is on the effects of risk classification. Starting from a theoretical scenario in which efficient risk classification prevents adverse selection, impediments to such risk classification and the effects of differences between insurers in this respect are being discussed. This approach offers both a more realistic and a simpler explanation for the presence of adverse selection.
CO-DIGESTION OF GREASY WASTE AND MBR SLUDGE USING BIO-AUGMENTED PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA: EFFECT OF BUFFERING AGENTS
Authors: Phommachanh Vongsadet , Chiemchaisri Wilai , Chiemchaisri Chart
Published: November 2021

This study aims to investigate the bio-augmentation of Pseudomonas putida for initializing fat, oil,and grease (FOG) biodegradation in a co-digestion of the greasy waste and the membranebioreactor (MBR) excess sludge. The MBR sludge could be an additional nitrogen sourceconcurrently as a waste matrix fluidizer. Three rounds of a fed-batch of an HRT of 56-71 dayswere carried out. The first (B1) and second (B2) batches using phosphate (Na2HPO4) solution as abuffering system. It showed that the digesters with bio-augmented P. putida could remove moreFOG than that of the control. In the third batch (B3), the buffering solution was changed tobicarbonate (NaHCO3) with the interval bio-augmentation of P. putida in different doses; the 250ml (B3, T-250) and the 1000 ml (B3, T-1000) of P. putida culture every two weeks dosing. Thehighest FOG removal was found in both conditions with the removal efficiency of 79.77%. Thisstudy suggests that bicarbonate was a suitable buffer in the co-digestion process for the intervalbio-augmentation of P. putida. Moreover, it showed that a higher interval dose (B3, T-1000) of P.putida gave a more methane production rate of 981.08 ml/g TVS. d compared to the lower dose ofB3(T-250) with 353.75 ml/g TVS. d.
AN EFFECTIVE IMAGE DEBLURRING SCHEME USING CLUSTER BASED SPARSE REPRESENTATION
Authors: Sankaraiah Yediga Ravi , Varadarajan Sourirajan
Published: November 2021

Sparse based representation is being used extensively for image restoration. The dictionary learningthrough patch extraction is central to the sparse based schemes. In the process of dictionary learning,a large number of patches will be extracted from high quality images and dictionary will be formed.Hence, over-complete dictionaries will be built. To overcome the complexity associated with overcompletedictionaries many schemes were proposed. Of them, the adaptive sparse domain is thepopular one. Many variations of adaptive sparse domain schemes were proposed. Selection of obviouspatches is common to all. In all these schemes, individual patches will be considered as the basic entityand will be used. This is the reason for the complexity involved in sparse representation. In this paper,to avoid the complexity, the patches are grouped according to the similarity among the patches. Inaddition to reduce the complexity the proposed cluster based scheme considers the self-similarity ofthe patches involved. Hence better performance with less complexity is possible with the proposedschemes. In the process of testing, in addition to uniform blur and Gaussian blur, a combination of thetwo blurs is also considered.
THE APPLICATION OF COMPUTER VISION FOR THE ESTIMATION OF SHRINKAGE AND DEFORMATION OF THIN MANGO SLICES DURING AIR DRYING PROCESS
Authors: Trung Nguyen Duc , Huong Pham Thanh , Hoang Nguyen Ngoc , Hieu Dang Minh , Chat Nguyen Nang , Ha Duong Quang
Published: November 2021

Computer vision has been currently a new trend in developing new tools for automatic real-time quality control process in food drying. During drying process, the size and shape of mango slides are critically changed. These changes usually determine the sensorial value of products, as well as which drying conditions would be needed to obtain the highest quality of dried products. In this study, we report on the development of a computer vision tool, requiring a normal digital camera installed, to evaluate the changes in size and shape of mango slides during the drying process. The technique is expected to replace the observation with human eyes to evaluate the changes of food products during the drying process, which might not be able to provide reliable and consistent judgements all the time. Image of drying mango slide is taken by a digital camera, then the feature extraction is implemented. The area of mango slice is determined by the area ratio via the pixel number counting and the comparison to an original sample with predefined reference size. The shrinkage deformation is evaluated by elliptical fitting to develop the automated utility. The utility is built on MATLAB platform. The variations in size and shape of the mango slices during a convective drying process with different processing conditions are examined and acquired by the built software which achieves real-time performance on the personal laptop.
DESIGN OF A 3D-PRINTED THREE-CLAW ROBOTIC GRIPPER END-EFFECTOR
Authors: Ligutan Dino Dominic Forte , Bandala Argel Alejandro , Española Jason Limon , Tan Ai Richard Josiah Calayag , Vicerra Ryan Rhay Ponce , Dadios Elmer Jose Pamisa
Published: November 2021

The development of a novel 3D-printed three-claw robotic gripper shall be described in this paper with the goal of incorporating various design considerations. Such considerations include the grip reliability and stability, grip force maximization, wide object grasping capability. Modularization of its components is another consideration that allows its parts to be easily machined and reusable. The design was realized by 3D printing using a combination of tough polylactic acid (PLA) material and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) material. In practice, additional tolerances were also considered for 3D printing of materials to compensate for possible expansion or shrinkage of the materials used to achieve the required functionality. The aim of the study is to explore the design and eventually deploy the three-claw robotic gripper to an actual robotic arm once its metal work fabrication is finished.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF CONCRETE-REINFORCED FLOATING PLATFORM FOR CANAL AND RIVER-SHORE PROTECTION
Authors: Somkeattikul Kreetha , Areeprasert Chinnathan , Sarabhorn Prysathyrd , Kiatiwat Thanya
Published: November 2021

Erosion of canal and river-shore causes problems on agriculture activities and soil environment. This paper devotes to develop a floating platform to protect the shores. A concrete-reinforced floating platform was designed and fabricated in this study. Mechanical simulation was performed to ensure the design viability. The concrete-reinforced floating platform consists of three main parts: (1) steel structure, (2) foam-cement material, and (3) connecting joints. The dimension of the cement foam floating platform is 1.2 m in width, 3 m in length and 0.4 m in thickness. The cement used in this research is resistant to corrosion of sulfate and chloride from saltwater. Foam with density of 12 kg/m3 is mixed with concrete matrix so that the floating platform can float 60% or 0.16 m above the water surface. The foam cement material has the maximum compression stress of 1,951 kg ± 266.59 kg for the material density of 427.30 kg/m3 ± 19.30 kg/m3. The connecting joint part has the ultimate tensile load of 1,564 kg. The assemble floating platform has the compressive stress of 543.33 kg/m2 with the maximum vertical deformation of samples of 1 mm under the distribution load of 1,571 over the samples. Finally, from simulation with data from the material testing, the designed floating platform had a safety factor 3.46 which was higher than the design criteria of 3.
FEM-PGD BASED TECHNIQUE FOR COLUMN SHAPE OPTIMIZATION AGAINST BUCKLING
Authors: Prasertsri Tosporn , Sartbumrung Supin , Suewongprayoon Suneenut , Sinsamutpadung Natdanai , Rungamornrat Jaroon
Published: November 2021

This paper presents a simple numerical procedure based upon the projected gradient descent (PGD) and finite element method (FEM) for the shape optimization of laterally restrained columns to attain the maximum elastic buckling load under the specified volumetric constraint. The analysis of the buckling load is achieved via the formulation based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, the discretization by the standard finite element technique, and the determination of the least eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector via the power method with Rayleigh quotient. In the optimization, the profile of the cross-sectional area of the column is represented by piecewise polynomial interpolation functions. The gradient information and the projection operator required in PGD iterations are obtained explicitly in a closed form. A selected set of results is reported to demonstrate not only the good convergence behavior and accuracy of numerical solutions, but also the capability of the proposed technique to attain the optimal shape of columns for various scenarios.
NOVEL ELECTRIC FIELD EXPOSURE CONTROL METHODS FOR MULTI-STORY BUILDINGS INSTALLED IN VICINITY OF HIGH-VOLTAGE APPARATUS USING FEM
Authors: Shemshadi Asaad , Khorampour Pourya
Published: November 2021

Facilities and buildings installed nearby high voltage equipment and electric field exposure is always a serious threat to the health of organisms and can have a significant impact on the functioning of sensitive and vital organs such as the heart and brain. Therefore, it is necessary to study the electromagnetic field value in these areas to control the intensity and restrict the induced value regarding to international recommendations. In this paper, the effects of 230KV transmission line electric fields on the environment are examined by proper FEM software.The model under consideration in this project is a four story building adjacent to the 230KV transmission line.At first, the distance between the building and high voltage transmission lines and its relationship to the intensity of the electric field is examined, and then the intensity of the electric field is compared to the standards of the International Commission on Non Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). To continue, in places where the electric field exceeds the standard level value, solutions to reduce the intensity of the electric field to the tolerable value have been proposed.The first solution is to use a metal shield around the building as a Faraday cage, which weakens the potential for electric field value by creating an enclosed surface, the reduction rate is 4700%,both complete cage shape and incomplete cage shapes are considered in this study which reduces the exposure value to 62.5% of its initial value. The second approach to reducing the electric field is to use protective conductor paints against electromagnetic fields. In the following study, the effect of using trees as a barrier against electromagnetic radiation will be examined. Finally, the three proposed solutions are compared in terms of environmental constraints, economic justification, and the reduction in electric field value.
Geodynamic Evolution of the Western Part of the Russian Arctic and Its Diamond Potential
Authors: Sorokhtin N. O. , Kozlov N. E.
Published: November 2021

The study of the geodynamic evolution of the Baltic Shield showed that the melts of diamondiferous kimberlites and related rocks were formed due to the pulling of “heavy” ferruginous sediments of the Early Proterozoic into subduction zones beneath the Archean cratons. Later, during the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic stages of rifting, melts conserved in the lower crust and subcrustal lithosphere were able to penetrate into the near-surface zones of the crust and form magmatic complexes of alkaline–ultramafic and kimberlite magmatism. The authors showed that diamondiferous kimberlite and lamproite explosion pipes, as well as related carbonatite and alkaline–ultramafic intrusions, are mainly located above the subduction zones of the Svecofennian (Karelian) plates, which functioned about 2.0–1.8 Ga ago. At the same time, alkaline ultramafic intrusions and (sodium) carbonatites are located closest to the front of the subduction zone of Proterozoic plates (from 100 to 200–300 km). Then (at a distance of 200 to 400 km), there is a zone of location of calcite carbonatites and melilitites, and sometimes nondiamondiferous kimberlites. Diamondiferous kimberlite and lamproite diatremes are located farther than other similar formations approximately 300 to 600–650 km from its front. Such a regular spatial arrangement of magmatic complexes of a single series unambiguously indicates a change in depth of their origin. The farther from the surface boundary of the paleosubduction zone the magmatic bodies are located, the deeper the facies representing them.
Is cardiac involvement prevalent in highly trained athletes after SARS-CoV-2 infection? A cardiac magnetic resonance study using sex-matched and age-matched controls
Authors: Szabó Liliána , Juhász Vencel , Dohy Zsófia , Fogarasi Csenge , Kovács Attila , Lakatos Bálint Károly , Kiss Orsolya , Sydó Nóra , Csulak Emese , Suhai Ferenc Imre , Hirschberg Kristóf , Becker Dávid , Merkely Béla , Vágó Hajnalka
Published: November 2021

Objectives

To investigate the cardiovascular consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in highly trained, otherwise healthy athletes using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and to compare our results with sex-matched and age-matched athletes and less active controls.

Methods

SARS-CoV-2 infection was diagnosed by PCR on swab tests or serum immunoglobulin G antibody tests prior to a comprehensive CMR examination. The CMR protocol contained sequences to assess structural, functional and tissue-specific data.

Results

One hundred forty-seven athletes (94 male, median 23, IQR 20–28 years) after SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Overall, 4.7% (n=7) of the athletes had alterations in their CMR as follows: late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) showing a non-ischaemic pattern with or without T2 elevation (n=3), slightly elevated native T1 values with or without elevated T2 values without pathological LGE (n=3) and pericardial involvement (n=1). Only two (1.4%) athletes presented with definite signs of myocarditis. We found pronounced sport adaptation in both athletes after SARS-CoV-2 infection and athlete controls. There was no difference between CMR parameters, including native T1 and T2 mapping, between athletes after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the matched athletic groups. Comparing athletes with different symptom severities showed that athletes with moderate symptoms had slightly greater T1 values than athletes with asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic infections (p<0.05). However, T1 mapping values remained below the cut-off point for most patients.

Conclusion

Among 147 highly trained athletes after SARS-CoV-2 infection, cardiac involvement on CMR showed a modest frequency (4.7%), with definite signs of myocarditis present in only 1.4%. Comparing athletes after SARS-CoV-2 infection and healthy sex-matched and age-matched athletes showed no difference between CMR parameters, including native T1 and T2 values.