bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrashort Ne+ ion pulses for use in pump–probe experiments: numerical simulations
Authors: Kucharczyk P , Golombek A , Schleberger M , Wucher A , Breuer L
Published: November 2023

A time resolved experiment to investigate the ultrafast dynamics following an ion impact onto a solid surface requires an ultrashort ion pump pulse in combination with a properly synchronized and time resolved probe. In order to realize such an experiment, we have investigated a strategy to use femtosecond laser photoionization of atoms entrained in a pulsed supersonic jet for the production of sufficiently short ion pulses. While the generation of Arq+ ions was targeted in previous work, it has in the meantime been demonstrated that argon is not suitable due to extensive cluster formation in the supersonic expansion. Here, we therefore present numerical simulations investigating the use of neon as a precursor gas and show the feasibility of pulses containing up to ∼1000 Ne+ ions at keV energies and picosecond duration. In the process, we demonstrate that space charge broadening can be significantly reduced by detuning the flight time focusing conditions of an ion bunching system. Moreover, the results show that a controlled variation of the buncher geometry and potentials permits the generation of picosecond pulses at variable ion energy between 1 and 5 keV.
Robustness of entanglement-based discrete- and continuous-variable quantum key distribution against channel noise
Authors: Lasota Mikołaj , Kovalenko Olena , Usenko Vladyslav C
Published: November 2023

Discrete-variable (DV) and continuous-variable (CV) schemes constitute the two major families of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. Unfortunately, since the setup elements required by these schemes are quite different, making a fair comparison of their potential performance in particular applications is often troublesome, limiting the experimenters’ capability to choose an optimal solution. In this work we perform a general comparison of the major entanglement-based DV and CV QKD protocols in terms of their resistance to the channel noise, with the otherwise perfect setup, showing the definite superiority of the DV family. We analytically derive fundamental bounds on the tolerable channel noise and attenuation for entanglement-based CV QKD protocols. We also investigate the influence of DV QKD setup imperfections on the obtained results in order to determine benchmarks for the parameters of realistic photon sources and detectors, allowing the realistic DV protocols to outperform even the ideal CV QKD analogs. Our results indicate the realistic advantage of DV entanglement-based schemes over their CV counterparts and suggests the practical efforts for maximizing this advantage.
A stationary axisymmetric vacuum solution for pure 2 gravity
Authors: Azreg-Aïnou Mustapha , Ky Nguyen Hoang
Published: November 2023

The closed-form expression for pure



2

vacuum solution obtained in Phys. Rev. D
107, 104 008 (2023) lends itself to a generalization to axisymmetric setup via the modified Newman–Janis algorithm. We adopt the procedure put forth in Phys. Rev. D
90, 064 041 (2014) bypassing the complexification of the radial coordinate. The procedure presumes the existence of Boyer-Lindquist coordinates. Using the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration results, we model the central black hole M87* by the thus obtained exact rotating metric, depending on the mass, rotation parameter and a third dimensionless parameter. The latter is constrained upon investigating the shadow angular size assuming mass and rotation parameters are those of M87*. Stability is investigated.
Halo-independent bounds on Inelastic Dark Matter
Authors: Kang Sunghyun , Kar Arpan , Scopel Stefano
Published: November 2023

We discuss halo-independent constraints on the Inelastic Dark Matter (IDM) scenario, in which a Weakly Interaction Massive Particle (WIMP) state χ with mass m
χ interacts with nuclear targets by upscattering to a heavier state χ′ with mass m
χ + δ.
In order to do so we adopt the single-stream method, that exploits the complementarity of Direct Detection (DD) and Capture in the Sun to extend the experimental sensitivity to the full range of incoming WIMP speeds.
We show that a non-vanishing mass splitting δ modifies such range, and that for particular combinations of m
χ and δ the complementarity between the two detection techniques required by the method is lost. In such cases a specific choice of the WIMP speed distribution in our Galaxy is required to obtain a constraint on the WIMP-nucleus cross section or coupling. Specifically, assuming for the escape velocity in our Galaxy u
esc the reference value u
esc
ref = 560 km/s a halo-independent bound is possible when δ ≲ 510 keV for a Spin-Independent interaction and when δ ≲ 245 keV for a Spin-Dependent interaction (with the Spin-Independent value slightly reduced to δ ≲ 490 keV when u
esc > u
esc
ref). In the low WIMP mass regime the bound from capture in the Sun is always more constraining than that for DD and is sufficient alone to provide a halo-independent constraint, while for large WIMP masses the halo-independent bound is given by a combination of capture in the Sun and DD. In this latter case the reduction in sensitivity due to the mass splitting δ is more pronounced for DD than for capture, and capture plays a more important role to determine the halo-independent bound compared to the elastic case. In particular we find that, for u
esc = u
esc
ref, unless the mass of the target used in DD is larger than about four times that of the target driving capture in the Sun, DD does not play any role in the determination of the maximal value of δ for which a halo-independent bound is possible. We also discuss the issue of thermalization of IDM within the Sun and show that its impact on our results is mild.
Investigation of 58Ni (n, p)58Co reaction cross-section with covariance analysis*
Authors: Hingu Akash , Mukherjee S. , Parashari Siddharth , Sangeeta Arora , Gandhi A. , Upadhyay Mahima , Choudhary Mahesh , Bamal Sumit , Singh Namrata , Mishra G. , De Sukanya , Sood Saurav , Prasad Sajin , Saxena G. , Kumar Ajay , Thomas R.G. , Agrawal B.K. , Katovsky K. , Kumar A.
Published: November 2023

The excitation function of the

reaction was measured using the well-established neutron activation technique and γ-ray spectroscopy. Neutrons in the energy range of 1.7 to 2.7

were generated using the

reaction. The neutron flux was measured using the standard

monitor reaction. The results of the neutron spectrum averaged cross-section of

reactions were compared with existing cross-section data available in the EXFOR data library as well as with various evaluated data libraries such as ENDF/B-VIII.0, JEFF-3.3, JENDL-4.0, and CENDL-3.2. Theoretical calculations were performed using the nuclear reaction code TALYS. Various nuclear level density (NLD) models were tested, and their results were compared with the present findings. Realistic NLDs were also obtained through the spectral distribution method (SDM). The cross-section results, along with the absolute errors, were obtained by investigating the uncertainty propagation and using the covariance technique. Corrections for γ-ray true coincidence summing, low-energy background neutrons, and γ-ray self attenuation were performed. The experimental cross-section obtained in the present study is consistent with previously published experimental data, evaluated libraries, and theoretical calculations carried out using the TALYS code.
Variability and selection of tomato Sletr1-2 mutants backcross population to improve yield and fruit quality
Authors: Saadah I R , Wiguna G , Anas  , Mubarok S , Hamdani K K , Soedomo R P
Published: November 2023

Enhancing fruit quality and yield is the goal of creating superior tomato varieties. One area of concern for breeders is fruit shelf life. To produce better offspring, hybridization attempts to combine the traits of two parents, but the results can be unpredictable. Backcrossing can create stable offspring with desired traits and eliminate undesirable characteristics from the parent plants. This study aimed to assess the diversity among advanced backcross strains and to obtain backcross genotypes carrying mutant alleles that have a high level of similarity with the superior parental lines. The study was carried out from April to September 2019 at the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute’s screen house. In this experiment, two populations of backcrossing comprised of commercial parents of ‘Intan’ and ‘Mutiara’ varieties as well as backcross genotypes including MBC3F1 32, MBC3F1 32.2, MBC3F1 32.3, MBC3F1 37.2, MBC3F1 45.3, MBC3F1 37.1, IBC3F1 34.2, IBC3F1 37.2, and IBC3F1 34 were utilized. A variance analysis was used to determine genotype diversity. The genetic similarity between parents and offspring was determined using cluster analysis, and a t-test was used to compare mean performance values. According to the results, the BC3F1 populations of ‘Intan’, and ‘Mutiara’ exhibited a high degree of phenotypic variability. Cluster analysis and a t-test revealed that the IBC3F1.37.2 and IBC3F1.45.3 genotypes resembled ‘Intan’, furthermore MBC3F1.34 and MBC3F1.34.2 had strikingly similar characteristics to ‘Mutiara’. Therefore, several individual plants carrying the Sletr1-2 mutant allele in these four genotypes can further assemble longer tomato fruit shelf life and high-yielding varieties.
Effectivity of liquid organic fertilizer on production of pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)
Authors: Rahmi H , Fardany H R , Bayfurqon F M , Jaman J H
Published: November 2023

The main objective of this research was to obtain the optimal concentration of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) from house waste against the growth and yield of pakcoy. This study used an experimental method with a single-factor randomized design group, with eight treatments. The treatments are: A0 (control), A1 (LOF 100 ml/L), A2 (LOF 200 ml/L), A3 (LOF 300 ml/L), A4 (LOF 400 ml/L), A5 (LOF 500 ml/L), A6 (LOF NASA 6 ml/L), A7 (NPK fertilizer 250 kg/ha). The treatments were repeated four times and tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further tested with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level. The results showed that the application of LOF from house waste significantly affected improving the growth and yield of pakcoy plants. The LOF concentration of 200 ml/L gave the highest contibution to the leaf area: 285 cm2 and fresh weight: 82 gram.
The potential of new hybrid Chrysanthemum as germplasm resource
Authors: Kurniati R , Suryawati  , Utami D W , Pramayufdy M , Purwati R D , Mulyono J , Susilowati M , Supenti  , Syafarina R
Published: November 2023

Many new hybrids of chrysanthemums from Indonesia are adapted to tropical areas. The hybrids were growing well with many characteristics such as consumer preferences and the idiotype of chrysanthemums. The goal of the research was to collect, select and categorize new chrysanthemum hybrids to be the parent’s resource for new breeding. They were Puspita Nusantara, Jayani, Cayapati, Sabiya, Swarna Kencana, Trissa, and Tadasita varieties. There were 2 categories, standard and spray types. Each of the varieties had specific novelty characteristics that could be gen resources as parents in chrysanthemum breeding. The specific and novelty characteristics as gen resources were the vase life period, flower shape, colour, number of petals, and the total number of flowers per plant. The standard type dominated white and yellow colour, and the spray type had more colour, shape, and size variations. Chrysanthemum cultivar (cv.) Swarna Kencana showed the highest plant height in a low area 187.6 meters MASL (meters above sea level). It followed cutting flower standards. Puspita Nusantara variety complied as crossing parents for resistance to Puccinia horianna.
Creation of ten new variety of Begonia through interspecific Hybridization: A Study from Bali Botanic Garden’s Collection
Authors: Hendriyani E , Ardaka I M , Lugrayasa I N , Warseno T , Siregar H M
Published: November 2023

Begonia is one of the plant genera and very popular as an ornamental plant. Bali Botanic Garden has collected and conserved at least 90 species and 241 exotic Begonia. As an ornamental plant, Begonia has unique, special and beautiful characteristic in its leaf, flower and plant features. Interspecific hybridization is commonly used to improve the morphological character of Begonia. The purpose of this study is to define new variety of Begonia from the interspecific hybridization of Bali Botanic Garden Begonia’s collection. From 2014 until 2022, ten new varieties of Begonia obtained from several species: B. acetosa, B. caravan, B. cuculata white, B. fenicis, B. fimbriata red, B. goegoensis, B. incarnate, B. listada, B. longifolia, B. semperflorens, B. silver queen, B. sizemorae, B. sudjanae, B. tuberosa and B. variepeltata. The new variety are: Begonia “Tuti Siregar”, Begonia “Longisilver”, Begonia “Longigreen”, Begonia “Sizequeen”, Begonia “Bedugul”, Begonia “Eka Karya”, Begonia “Vena Red”, Begonia “Ardaka”, Begonia “Lugrayasa” and Begonia “SuGo”. Out of the ten new varieties, eight varieties have been registered with the Center of Plant Variety Protection and two have already granted Plant Protection Variety Right.
The effect of liquid bio-organic fertiizer on the productivity of ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri) leaf biomass
Authors: Laksmita A N , Salam D M , Fernandes A , Maharani R , Saputra S H
Published: November 2023

Ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri) is an endemic species in East Kalimantan known as ulin by the local community. Ironwood is a protected and slow-growing species. It is essential to look for an alternative use in less period. Ironwood young leaves have been used traditionally as a decoction with diuretic and hair-blackening properties. Such usage provides an opportunity to utilize ironwood without cutting down trees. As a reason for leaves sustainability, it is necessary to stimulate the formation of leaves, one of which is to use liquid bio-organic fertilizer. This study aimed to determine the effect of liquid bio-organic fertilizer on increasing the growth and yield of young ironwood leaves in nurseries. Fifty ironwood seedlings were given 5 ml of liquid bio-organic fertilizer every month, and the other 50 seedlings were not given any fertilizer. The number of young leaves was recorded in the third and ninth months, while the young leaves were harvested in the sixth and twelfth months. This research showed that liquid bio-organic fertilizer increased height increments by up to 107.58%, diameter increment by up to 20.36%, the number of iron wood shoots up to 184.62%, and it also increased the weight of young leaves that can be harvested by up to 588.89%. There were any differences effects of liquid bio-organic fertilizer applied with and without bio-organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of young ironwood leaves. Ironwood shoots’ growth and yield by application of liquid bio-organic fertilizer are better than nonliquid bio-organic fertilizer.
Indonesian threatened Zingiberaceae: Exploring their potential traditional and modern uses
Authors: Atmaja M B , Andila P S , Oktavia G A E , Merriansyah H
Published: November 2023

As human populations continue to grow and natural habitats shrink, there is an urgent need to understand and protect plant species that have the potential to benefit both humans and the environment. Zingiberaceae is one such plant family with many species known has traditional and scientific uses. The family is primarily found in tropical regions, with the highest species diversity in Southeast Asia and South America. Indonesia is home to approximately 500 species of Zingiberaceae out of a global total of 1,500 species. However, more than 100 species of Zingiberaceae in Indonesia are threatened with extinction, mainly due to habitat loss by logging and land conversion, putting their potential uses at risk. This review explores the traditional and modern uses of threatened Zingiberaceae species in Indonesia based on their genus. We surveyed the literature and compiled data on the traditional uses of the Indonesian Zingiberaceae species as medicine and any scientific studies investigating their prospective as a drug. There is widespread utilization from a third of Zingiberaceae genera with threatened species, highlighting the substantial untapped potential that requires further investigation on the species facing a considerable risk of extinction. Unfortunately, efforts to conserve the threatened Zingiberaceae species are currently limited, with only less than ten per cent of species being conserved in Indonesian botanic gardens.
Pitcher formation of Nepenthes ampullaria and Nepenthes rafflesiana on modified in vitro media
Authors: Isnaini Y , Novitasari Y
Published: November 2023

Nepenthes, known as pitcher plants, is one of the unique ornamental plants that are highly sought after for their unique shape and color of the pitchers, a modification of the leaves. The pitcher was reportedly formed under nutrient-poor conditions at its growth site. This study aims to investigate the effects of modification of the culture media on the formation of in vitro pitchers of Nepenthes ampullaria and N. rafflesiana. The experimental design in this study used a completely randomized design with two factors (the species of Nepenthes and the media). Nepenthes ampullaria and N. rafflesiana plantlets with a stem height of about 1-2 cm were planted in medium containing half strength of Murashige and Skoog (1/2 MS), in medium containing sugar, agar, and distilled water (SAW), in medium containing agar and distilled water (AW) and medium containing sterile distilled water (W). All media were adjusted to a pH of about 5.7. The filter paper was used as a buffer in a liquid medium to support the plantlets. Each treatment was replicate three times, with each replicate containing ten bottles of culture, each containing one plantlet. Research results were observed for 12 weeks after planting and showed that all cultures could grow well in each medium. The highest average number of pitchers was recorded for the N. ampullaria culture planted in AW medium, with 22 pitchers/plant, followed by the culture in W medium, with 20 pitchers/plant. For N. rafflesiana, on the other hand, the highest number of pitchers was found in W medium with 18 pitchers/plant.
In vitro multiplication of Pothos tener shoots
Authors: Yunita R , Nugraha M F I , Sari L , Rajamuddin M A L
Published: November 2023

South Sulawesi-endemic Pothos tener can be used as a raw material for medicine because it contains antimicrobial compounds. To date, plants have been collected directly from the wild, without any cultivation or propagation measures. This will threaten its continued existence. Micropropagation is an efficient method for propagating plants. Multiplication of shoots is an essential step in micropropagation. Explants can be cultured on media containing cytokinins to increase the number of shoots that serve as new plant material. This study investigated the effect of cytokinins on the in vitro multiplication of Pothos tener shoots. The growth medium utilized was MS media (1962), which was added with BAP, Kinetin, 2iP at concentrations ranging from 0 to 2.5 mg/l. Every treatment was administered 10 times. This research indicates that the rate of shoot multiplication increases as cytokinin concentrations rise. However, the best results were obtained on MS media added with 2 mg/l BA, as shoot height, number of shoots, and number of leaves were all increased. At a concentration of 2.5 mg/l, fewer shoots were produced, and their growth was stunted.
Transcriptome analysis of maize explant for anther culture: comparison of three different RNA extraction methods
Authors: Syafii M , Fatimah S , Rozik M H , Purwoko D , Zulaeha S
Published: November 2023

Breeding is one method to develop better varieties. This method can be accelerated by using haploid technology. The availability of haploid inducer lines in maize makes in-vivo techniques preferred, especially for temperate maize. Developing in-vitro through anther culture in haploid breeding is still needed since haploid inducer lines are still limited in tropical maize. Like many other crops facing recalcitrancy problems, maize also experiences the same, so cracking recalcitrant traits using transcriptomic approaches is necessary. In order to enhance the success of the sequencing, obtaining a high quantity and quality of RNA product is needed since it will affect the data. This study aimed to determine the best RNA extraction methods using three different kits of maize explant for anther culture with high purity and concentrations. RNA extraction in this study was performed using Tripure, RibospinTM, Promega, and Tripure kits. The results showed that all All the kits were able to produce high concetration of RNA, where the Ribospin (Geneall) performed the best (both for the concentration and purity). Meanwhile Tripure kit were only able to produced highest concentration of RNA, but lowest purity.
Development of Polymerase Chain Reaction assay protocol for assessment Salmonella sp. in cow raw milk
Authors: Pertiwi-Koentjoro M , Dilla A , Taufiq-Hidayat M , Nugroho-Prasetyo E
Published: November 2023

Salmonella sp. is a pathogenic bacterium that may associated with acute diarrhoea in human. These bacteria may be transmitted in a variety of ways, including consumption of contaminated cow raw milk. Salmonella sp. is troublesome to assessment due to methodological restrictions. The aim of this study was to development the protocol of Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) assay for Assessment Salmonella sp. in cow raw milk. This method is comprised of (1) biochemical assay and (2) bacterial DNA purification from Selenite Cystine Broth and XLD Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate culture using Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit followed by PCR detection. The biochemical assay is divided into several stages, namely bacterial isolation, Gram staining and conventional biochemical tests. The PCR optimization was done with Salmonella sp. The oligonucleotide primer invasion protein (invA) gene (F: 5’-TCGTCATTCCATTACCTACC-3’; R: 5’-AAACGTTGAAAAACTGAGGA-3’) were used for targeting the diagnosis of Salmonella at the genus level. In biochemical tests, Salmonella sp. results showed posit if result of catalase, oxidase, citrate, TSIA, lactose-sucrose-mannitol fermentation, urea, and methyl-red. Conversely, negative result for Voges-Proskauer. PCR protocol consist of 30 PCR cycles with initial denaturation at 94°C for 45 seconds, denaturation at 94°C for 20 seconds, annealing at 57°C for 15 seconds, extension at 72°C for 15 seconds and finally at 72°C for 2 minutes. The conventional method detection results obtained as many as 9 positive samples Salmonella sp. and the PCR method obtained 7 positive samples Salmonella sp. In conclusion, our results indicate that the developed protocol would be utilized as a routine analysis for monitoring cow raw milk contamination and the protocol of the PCR technique provides results at a handful of time required by the biochemical assay (24 hours compared to 2–3 days).
Effect of Mycorrhizae, Azotobacter and Vermicompost tea on Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium (NPK) Concentrations in Soil and Cucumber Plants (Cucumis sativus)
Authors: Al-Rawi Zainab H. Dawood , Alkobaisy Jamal S.
Published: November 2023

An experiment was carried out inside a greenhouse (sandy loam soil) at the College of Agriculture / University of Anbar to investigate the effect of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizaee, Azotobacterchroococcum and Vermicompost tea on the concentration of NPK macronutrients in soil and cucumber plants. A factorial experiment consisting of two factors was designed for this purpose: the first factor is a combination of mycorrhizae (M) with 35 g plant-1, azotobacter (A) bacteria 16 ml plant-1 with a microbial density of 2.2 x 109 cfu ml-1 and phosphate Rock (R) with 40 g plant-1, added with half of the mineral fertilizer recommendation each individually with its interactions, The second factor is the addition of three concentrations (0, 5, 10%) of vermicompost tea sprayed on the plant. The experiment was designed with a completely randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications. Cucumber seeds were planted on 15/9/2022 and service operations were conducted for the crop and the experiment continued until 15/12/2022. Concentrations of nutrients were measured in the soil after harvesting the crop as well as in the leaves of the plant. The results of the research proved that the use of mycorrhizae, azotobacter bacteria and phosphate Rock with half the mineral recommendation (MAR) and spraying vermicompost tea at a concentration of 10% are the best in increasing the concentration of nutrients in the soil and plant and revealed significant differences compared to mycorrhizae or azotobacter or vermicompost tea individually, so this treatment gave the highest concentration of available nitrogen (AN) (56.37 mg kg-1 soil), the highest available phosphorus (AP) (16.34 mg kg-1 soil), the highest available potassium (230.3 mg kg-1 soil), and gave the highest percentage of nitrogen in the leaves (NIL) (2.80%), The highest percentage of phosphorus in the leaves (PIL) (0.40%), the highest potassium in the leaves (KL) (1.95%), followed by the treatment of adding mycorrhizae with phosphate Rock and half the mineral recommendation (MR) with vermicompost tea at a concentration of 10%, then the treatment of adding mycorrhizae with azotobacter bacteria with half the mineral recommendation (AR) with 10% of vermicompost tea, then the treatment of mycorrhizae with phosphate Rock plus half the fertilizer recommendation (MR) with 10% of vermicompost tea, then the treatment of mycorrhizae with azotobacter plus half of the fertilizer recommendation (MA) with 10% of vermicombe tea. Then the two treatments of mycorrhizae (M) and azotobacter (A) separately, while finally came the treatment of chemical fertilization (S), which gave the lowest values to the mentioned properties in the soil and plants.
Innovative Soil, Water and Plant Management Promoting Sustainable Agriculture and Environments :A Review
Authors: Al-juthery Hayyawi W. A. , Alkhlefawi Akhlass M. K. , Al-Taey Duraid K. A. , Al-Janabi Haider Jawad Kadhim , Al-Jassani Nisreen A. A. , Houria Adem , Al-Salama Yasser
Published: November 2023

There is a lot of pressure on today’s agricultural producers to fulfill the increasing food needs brought on by a growing population and a shrinking supply of land and other resources. In order to meet this challenge, many people are using excessive amounts of fertilizers and other chemicals. The soil health, land quality, and environmental impacts have all suffered as a result of this intense agricultural production that disregards ecological sustainability. So, future attempts to feed the expanding population should strive for higher agricultural productivity within sustainable ecosystems. In this context, creative initiatives are required, since business-as-usual approaches lack the capacity to deal with these issues. Agricultural sustainability is defined, and various soil and crop management strategies that aim to maximize crop yield under environmentally sustainable conditions are discussed. These include, but are not limited to, nutrient management, site-specific nutrient management, fertility management, integrated soil-crop system management, sustainable water management, and water conservation. In addition, nutrient management, fertility management, and integrated soil-crop system management have been shown to improve crop yields. According to this analysis, a sustainable production system may be created by integrating the many initiatives found in SCMS practices with both immediate and long-term preventative actions. Reducing chemicals’ consumption, such as that of fertilizers and pesticides, with improvements in the agricultural input use efficiency might cut greenhouse gases emissions while safeguarding the environment. The future of humanity and Earth depends on the success of sustainable agriculture, which has promise if both rich and developing countries work together to pursue ‘our shared destiny’ in order to increase food production with little impact on the environment.
The Nature of the Effect of the Physiographic Location on the Spectral Behavior of Soil Horizons and the Distribution of Vegetation in Central and Northern Iraq
Authors: Fadhal Fatima Abbas , Ismaeal Ammar S.
Published: November 2023

Three soil sites in central and northern Iraq were chosen to represent the nature of three physiographic units, namely, the mountainous unit, the undulating unit, and the river basin unit, to study the effect of unit variation on the nature of soil pedological properties and its spectral behavior. The results reached a diagnosis of the nature of the variation in the characteristics of the soil represented by the variation of the morphological characteristics represented by the difference of the wavelength if 5YR prevailed for the elevation within the mountainous unit and the soil color was dark reddish-brown, while in the rest of the units it was 10YR and the predominance of the light color was affected by the different physiographic units, which was reflected in the diagnosis of the surface diagnostic horizon Mollic horizon Representing the mountainous unit, and subsurface horizon representing the Argillic horizon, and Ochric horizon, and calcic horizon within the undulating unit, as well as the high content of organic matter and iron oxides in the mountainous unit, and the values reached 34.1 grams.9.02 as well as the variability of the soil separations, as the sand separation increased in the amount representing the unit of the river basin and reached 486 g.kg and The lowest value of the spectral reflectivity was in the region representing the mountainous physiographic unit, and it reached 35% for the subsurface horizon, while the reflectivity in the rest of the units rose to 62%. Absorption bands were diagnosed at wavelengths 1400 and 1900 nm. Near-infrared is represented by wavelengths 1750-2000 and at wavelengths 2000-2500. The values of the natural variation index for plants were 0.30 with an area of 4357 km2.
Effect of NPS Fertilizer, Spraying Nano-NPK+TE and Cerium Oxide NPs on the Qualitative Properties and Bioactive Components of Rice Grains (Oryza Sativa L.)
Authors: Jassim Layth Hamid Naji , Al-Juthery Hayyawi Wewa Attia
Published: November 2023

The aim of this research was to identify the effects of NPS fertilizer with the spraying of Nano-NPK+TE and Cerium Oxide NPs on the active substances in rice grains, amber 33 cultivar. This field study was carried out in the Tali’a region, 41-Husainiya, Hilla city, Babylon province, Iraq, from 14/6/2022 to 25/11/2022, The study treatments were randomly distributed on the experimental units according to a simple and one-way experiment by a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The study treatments consisted of adding NPS fertilizer at four levels (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg ha-1) and spraying with nanomaterials of Nano-NPK+TE and Cerium Oxide NPs at concentrations of (2.5 ml L-1) and (50 mg L-1), respectively, with four sprays for each of them. A total of 16 experimental units were used. The Statistical analysis using the least significant difference test revealed that the process of fertilizing with NPS fertilizer and nanomaterials led to significant differences and an increase in the contents of volatile oils, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids among the dietary components of rice grains, so the findings from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated that soil fertilization with NPS mineral fertilizer at level (300 kg ha-1) achieved the highest level of stearic acid content with a value of (9.460%), as well as the highest improvement in Palmitic acid content (24.240%) recorded by the treatment (NPS 100 kg ha-1). Moreover, the bi-combination of NPS (200 kg ha-1) + Spray CeO2 NPs gave the highest content of Oleic acid content in percentage (10.310%), and Linoleic, another type of unsaturated fatty acid, indicated a content of (10.020%) by the combination of (NPS (300 kg ha-1) + Spray nano-NPK+TE). Additionally, the highest percentage of Volatile oils showed at the foliar spraying combination (Spray nano-NPK+TE + CeO2 NPs), which gave a value of (46.50%).
The Nature of the Pedogenic and Geoinformatics Distribution of Iron Oxides in Different Physiographic Units
Authors: Fadhal Fatima Abbas , Ismaeal Ammar S.
Published: November 2023

The study was conducted within different physiographic units in central and northern Iraq to find out the nature of the effect of these units on the genetic distribution of iron oxides within the soil pedon. Sex Soil pedons representing the nature of the variability of the physiographic units were elected, in addition to taking 34 surface samples representing the nature of the variability of the soil units horizontally within the physiographic units to prepare maps of the spatial distribution of iron oxides based on geospatial technologies, Soil Pedons described the morphology and wavelength 5 YR for Soil pedon located within the mountainous region that was affected by iron oxides The results showed that the highest content of iron oxides was in the mountainous physiographical unit in the surface horizon Mollic horizon while the lowest content of oxides was in the physiographical unit of the river basin. The Geoinformatics distribution maps revealed 3 class of iron oxides, the low class, the medium class, and the high class. The most abundant class was the moderate class, with an estimated area of about 1051.8575.
Optimal Management of Nitrogen Fertilization in some Yield Traits of Corn Plant in Gypsum Soil
Authors: Yassin Muhammad Mustafa , Muhawish Noor Aldean Mohammed
Published: November 2023

A field experiment was conducted in the fields of the College of Agriculture - University of Tikrit during the autumn season for the year (2022) to find out the effect of nitrogen fertilizer fractionation on the growth of corn in gypsum soil.Where the experiment included three factors, the first factor, five dates for nitrogen fertilizer fractionation, symbolized by the letter T (T1, the first appointment / half of the quantity at planting and the other half after (30) days of planting, and T2, the second appointment / one-third of the quantity at planting and two-thirds after (30) days of cultivation and T3 third date / one-third of the quantity at planting and one-third after (30) days of cultivation and a third after the passage of (60) days of cultivation and T4 the fourth date / one-fifth of the quantity when planting, fifty-five after the passage of (30) days of cultivation and fifty after the passage of (60) days of cultivation and T5 the fifth date / two-fifths at planting and fifty after a month of cultivation and one-fifth of the quantity After the passage of (60) of cultivation. The second factor is two levels of nitrogen fertilizer, denoted by the symbol N, namely (N1) (320) kg N ha-1 and (2N) (360) kg N ha-1. The third factor is Adding method, denoted by the symbol M, the BroadcastingM1 method) and the Bands(M2) method. All the results showed that the retail treatment of the fourth appointment, T4, excelled in all traits, and the second level, N2 (360) kg N ha-1, gave the highest significant difference in all traits, and the addition of the second method, M2 (Bands method), also gave excelled in all studied traits.The results showed that the treatment T4N2M2 gave the highest values in the studied traits (the number of rows per ear, the number of grains per ear, the weight of 500 grains, and the total grain yield), as it reached (18.01) row cob-1, (739) grain cob-1, (163.01) gm, and (14.08)) ton ha-1, respectively.
Nano-Fertilization of Phosphorous and Potassium, Spraying Sepehr 4 Nano-Fertilizer and Carbon Nanotubes on some Qualitative Traits and Active Substances in the Grains of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Najm Sahar Hamza , Al-Juthery Hayyawi Wewa Attia
Published: November 2023

The study aimed to investigate the response of rice crop (Oryza satival L.), local variety Anbar 33, to nano-phosphorus and nano-potassium, spraying with carbon nanotubes and synthetic nano fertilizer Sepehr 4 (K+Fe+Zn+Mn). Some indicators of rice grains traits were used to evaluate the response. The field experiment was conducted in Al-Taliaah district 41-Al-Husseiniyah in the southern pater of Babylon Governorate - Iraq. The experiment was carried out according to the Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD), and the treatments were randomly distributed according to a straightforward one-way experiment. Phosphorus nano fertilizer at two levels 0 and 10 kg ha-1 and potassium nano fertilizer at two levels 0 and 10 kg ha-1, and the treatments of nanomaterials of carbon nanotubes 50 mg L-1 and Sepehr 4 fertilizer (K+Fe)+Zn+Mn, 2.5 ml L-1 it was sprayed on the shoots of plants. The applications were conducted four times of nanomaterials with combinations of foliar sprays and ground additives to the soil, so that the number of treatments is sixteen, with three repetitions. The results of the gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) presented that the treatment of N-K + (CNT) + Nano(K + Fe + Zn + Mn) potassium nano fertilizer, carbon nanotubes spraying and Sepehr 4 fertilizer K + Fe + Zn + Mn resulted in the highest percentage of the saturated fatty acid content of rice grains 2.16% and volatile oils 6.82%. The treatment of N-(P+K)+N-(K+Fe+Zn+Mn) phosphorus and potassium nano fertilizer and Sepehr 4 fertilizer resulted in the highest value in the content of palmitic acid, 26.41% in rice grains. The treatment of N-(P+K)+(CNT) +N-(IIII) phosphorus and potassium nano fertilizer and spraying carbon nanotubes fertilizer and Sepehr 4 fertilizer resulted in the highest content of rice grains of unsaturated oleic acid, 3.95%. N-K+ (CNT) Potassium nano fertilizer and carbon nanotube fertilizer spraying resulted in the highest value of rice grains’ unsaturated linoleic acid content, 6.94%.
Ber Bud Response to the Treatments with some Growth Regulators and Optimus Plus Nanofertilizer in Improving some Chemical Characteristics for cv.Tofahi
Authors: Al-Saadi Mohammed Qasim Karim , Al-Tamimi Harith Mahmoud Aziz
Published: November 2023

The study was carried out in one of the private orchards located in Al-Khairat district Karbala Governorate during the growing season 2022, to study the Ber bud response to the treatments with some growth regulators (BA + NAA) in three concentrations (0, 40 + 20, 40 + 80 mg L-1) and its symbol (A0, A1, A2) And Optimus plus Nanofertilizer in three concentrations (0, 20, 40 mL-1) and its symbol (B0, B1, B2) in Improving Some Chemical Characteristics for cv.Tofahi, The experiment was designed with two workers according to the design of complete random sectors (RCBD) and prepared 5 seedlings for the experimental unit and three replicates. The results of the study showed that the dipping of grafting buds with a combination of growth regulators and A1 concentration led to a significant increase in the content of the leaves of total chlorophyll, carbohydrates, N, P, K, which amounted to (57.113 mg 100 g-1, 11.622 %, 1.881%, 1.553 %, 0.398 %). Compared to the control treatment respectively the addition of nanofertilizer Optimus plus at a concentration of B2 gave a significant increase in all the studied traits which amounted to (57.110 mg 100g-1, 11.489%, 1.870%, 1.555%, 0.398%) compared to the control treatment respectively. The bilateral interaction between the two study factors significantly affected all the studied characteristics, especially when the treatment (B2 A1) compared to the control treatment of the interference.
Effect of Corm Size, Aloe Vera Gel and Biofertilizers on the Growth of Freesia Plant Freesia hybrid L.
Authors: Mahmood Sheren Ghazi , Adil Asmaa Mohammed , Al-Taae Huda Hazim
Published: November 2023

The experiment was conducted in the plastic house of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering in the College of Agriculture and Forestry/University of Mosul. During the period from ((10/27/2021) to (7/22/2022) to study the effect of the size of corms, aloe vera gel, and bio fertilizers on the growth of the freesia plant. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design with three factors, which is the cultivation of freesia plants in large and small sizes and the treatment with three concentrations of aloe vera gel (zero - 25% - 50% - 100%) ml / liter, in addition to the comparison treatment, where the corms were immersed in distilled water only, and the two types of biological fertilizers, the first type represented by the fungal bio fertilizer Trichoderma harzinum (T-22) and Bio health, and the data were analyzed statistically using the SAS program, and the results were tested according to Dunkin’s multinomial test under the probability level of 5%. The results showed a significant superiority of the size of the treated corms in each of plant height, leaf area, The length of the main Inflorescence, and the number of florets on the main Inflorescence, which reached 23.08 cm, 79.21 cm2, 13.90 cm, and 9.09 florets, respectively, compared to the treated small corms, which amounted to 20.29 cm, 60.59cm2, 11.43cm, and 8.61 florets, as well as in the content of freesia leaves for each of nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbohydrates, at rates of 3.03%, 0.28%, and 0.57%, respectively, while no significant differences appeared in their content of potassium and chlorophyll compared to the standard treatment. And through the concentrations of the four aloe vera gels used, it became clear that the best one was with a concentration of 100% in each of the plant height, leaf area, The length of the main Inflorescence, and the number of florets on the main Inflorescence, which were 22.51 cm, 74.70 cm2, 13.50 cm, and 9.99 florets, respectively. In addition, the fourth concentration had an effective positive effect on the content of plant leaves of N, K, and P, at rates of 3.00%, 0.28%, and 0.93%, respectively. In each of the plant height and the number of florets on the main Inflorescence It turned out that the positive effect of bio health fertilizer it reached 25.58 cm and 10.13 florets, respectively, which differed significantly with fungal bio fertilizer (T-22), while there were no significant differences in the fertilizer treatments (bio fertilizers and bio health) in each of the leaf areas and the length of the stem.
Effect Add Different Concentrations of Organic, Inorganic, and Nano-Selenium to Diet of Broiler Chickens (Ross 308) that Exposed to Heat Stress on Certain Productive Traits
Authors: Kazem Saad Mohammed Hussein , Al-Khafaji Fadhil R.
Published: November 2023

This study was conducted at Al-Anwar Poultry Station in Babil Governorate Iraq for 35 days, from July 10, 2022 to August 17, 2022, in order to demonstrate the effects of supplementing broiler diets with varying concentrations of organic, inorganic and nano-selenium (Se) on certain production traits and under conditions of heat stress, 560 chicks of one day old (Ross 308) were used without identifying their sex and divided randomly into 7 transactions with 4 replicates for each transaction, and each replicate included 20 chicks. The first transaction, T1, was the control transaction without addition, and organic selenium was added in the second and third transactions (T2 and T3) at a concentration of 1 and 1.5 mg / kg, respectively, while the fourth and fifth transaction (T4 and T5) inorganic selenium was added at a concentration of 1 and 1. 5 mg / kg, respectively, while the sixth and seventh transaction (T6 and T7) included the addition of nano-Se at a concentration of 1 and 1.5 mg / kg, respectively. The results of the study showed the following: (1) Highly significant (P≤0.01) superiority of T2 transaction over all studied transactions in live body weight and overweight. (2) There was a significant (P≤0.01) superiority of the rate of feed consumption for the transactions T2, T5 over the T1, T3, T4, T6, T7. As for the food conversion coefficient, the transaction T4, T6 was more “significant” improvement at a level of (P≤0.01) than the rest of the transactions. The control transaction was the least improved transaction. (3)The data recorded a “significant” decrease for all addition transactions in the percentage of total deaths compared to the control transaction. T5 was similar to T1, but with a lower rate.
Effect of Adding Choline Chloride to the Diet in Milk Production of Holstein Cows
Authors: Mahmoud Eman Qais , Shwayel Mohammed Ahmed
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to show the effect of adding choline chloride to the feed on milk production during the summer in central Iraq. This study was conducted at Al-Khalis cows station in Diyala Governorate during the period from 21/6 to 21/9/2022, where 25 Holstein cows between the ages of 3-5 years used, the cows were divided into five treatments, so that treatment T1 represents the control treatment (without adding Choline chloride), while treatments T2 and T3 add untreated and formaldehyde-treated choline chloride, respectively, to the concentrated feed with an amount of 35 g /cow /day, T4 and T5 add untreated and formaldehyde-treated Choline chloride, respectively, with an amount of 70 g /cow /day, It is noted from the results that there is a significant effect of the treatment of adding Choline chloride treated with formaldehyde T3 during the ninth and thirteenth weeks in the daily milk. In the ninth week, the average milk production was 14.50 kg / cow/day compared to 9.88 kg/cow/day in the control treatment, and the rest of the treatments were T4 and T5 were 11.25 and 10.00 kg/cow/ day respectively. In the thirteenth week milk yield was 12.50 kg/cow/day compared to 7.20 kg/cow/day in the comparison treatment, and the rest of the treatments T2, T4, and T5 were 8.75, 8.50, and 8.60 kg/cow/day, respectively. While the monthly and total milk production and the amount of fat and protein in milk for cows, there were no significant differences between the treatments, we conclude from the current experiment that adding Choline chloride treated with formaldehyde in an amount of 35 g / cow/day to the feed increases the daily milk production in some weeks for this experiment in the season Summer when the average Temperature Humidity Index for this season is 79 and cows are under heat stress.
A First Record of Sphingobacterium thalpophilum Isolated from Coptodon zillii and Oreeochromis aureus in the Al-Diwaniya River/Iraq
Authors: Al-Jubouri Mohanad O. , Obead Walaa F. , Salman Sumod A.
Published: November 2023

This investigation was done to determine whether C. zillii and O. aureus in the Al-Diwaniya Stream included every possibly harmful species of Gram-negative microbes. 100 C. zillii and 100 O. aureus fish samples were taken from the Al-Diwaniya River between Apr 2021 and Mar 2022. bacteria he was found us the VITEK 2 system. Here, we reported the discovery of S. thalpophilum, which was isolated from the intestine, fins, and gills of C. zillii and O. aureus, for the first time in Iraq. S. thalpophilum were found in C. zillii with a different proportion as follows: skin 1%, gills 70%, fins 24%, and intestine 5%; and in O. aureus with a different percentage as follows: skin 1%, gills 49%, fins 30%, and intestine 20%. Additionally, the VITEK 2 system was utilized to antibiotic sensitivity. The findings showed that the bacteria were susceptible to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin (0.25 g/ml), as well as to S. thalpophilum, but resistant to cefazolin (>= 61 g/ml).