bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iranian foreign policy and discourse of divine justice
Authors: Koreivaitė Ieva
Published: September 2016

Iran nuclear negotiations, which resulted in an agreement in Vienna on the 14 July 2015 after signing The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, and its aftermath is one of the key topics of inquiry in recent decade. The density of the debate is primarily emanating from concerns related to the security questions of the Middle East and to the sensitivity of Israeli security situation. Moreover, it arises from the complexity of the whole negotiation process. Such issues like Supreme Leader’s Ali Khamene’i’s fatwa designating sinfulness to the nuclear capacity, his after-deal speech, calling for the enmity between Iran and the United States, Iran’s declared aim to implement global justice and other cases are not customary acts of the state and the study of Iranian foreign policy is not substantive using customary instruments of analysis of International Relations. The article refers to the problem of knowledge production on Iran, and suggests that it mainly resulted from the lack of exchange between International Relations and Middle Eastern studies. This article aims to point at the authority of the ideas in Iran’s foreign policy that Islam or Islamic ideologies like Khumaynism produce. Therefore the article focuses on the main narratives of the First Supreme Leader Ruhullah Khumayni’s concept of justice in order to, first, explain the key points in Iran’s position during negotiations and its aftermath and, second, to introduce the study of the concept of justice as a productive source of information and an approach for further analysis of Iranian foreign policy.
The Development of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials Industry in Science and Entrepreneurship: Socioeconomic and Technical Indicators. A Case Study of Latvia (Part One)
Authors: Geipele I. , Geipele S. , Staube T. , Ciemleja G. , Zeltins N.
Published: September 2016

The present scientific paper is the first part of two publications, where the authors obtain results from the scientific research presented in a series of works on the development of the nanotechnologies and advanced materials industry in science and entrepreneurship in Latvia. The study has a focus on finding proper socioeconomic and technical indicators. It provides resume on a scope of the study. The paper contains the developed structure of engineering economic indicator system, determined groups of indicators for assessment of the development of nanotechnologies and advanced materials industry in Latvia and results of the evaluation of the obtained statistics on the economic indicators.
Interleaved DC-DC Converter with Discrete Duty Cycle and Open Loop Control
Authors: Kroics K. , Sokolovs A.
Published: September 2016

The authors present the control principle of the multiphase interleaved DC-DC converter that can be used to vastly reduce output current ripple of the converter. The control algorithm can be easily implemented by using microcontroller without current loop in each phase. The converter works in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) but close to boundary conduction mode (BCM). The DC-DC converter with such a control algorithm is useful in applications that do not require precise current adjustment. The prototype of the converter has been built. The experimental results of the current ripple are presented in the paper.
Distribution of phenols related to self-heating and water washing on coal-waste dumps and in coaly material from the Bierawka river (Poland)
Authors: Nádudvari Ádám , Fabiańska Monika J. , Misz-Kennan Magdalena
Published: September 2016

Several types of coal waste (freshly-dumped waste, self-heated waste and waste eroded by rain water), river sediments and river water were sampled. The aim was to identify the types of phenols present on the dumps together with their relative abundances. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of a large number of samples (234) statistically underpin the phenol distributions in the sample sets. The largest average relative contents (1.17-13.3%) of phenols occur in the self-heated samples. In these, relatively high amounts of phenol, C1- and C2-phenols reflect the thermal destruction of vitrinite. In fresh coal waste, C2- and C3-phenols that originated from the bacterial/fungal degradation and oxidation of vitrinite particles are the most common (0.6 rel.%). Water-washed coal waste and water samples contain lower quantities of phenols. In the river sediments, the phenols present are the result of bacterial- or fungal decay of coaly organic matter or are of industrial origin.
Crystal structure of [tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine-κ3
N](isonicotinate-κO) cobalt(II) [tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine-κ3
N](isonicotinic acid-κO) cobalt(II) triperchlorate, C60H51N16O16Cl3Co2
Authors: Zhang Ting-Ting , Li Guan-Nan , Nie Feng-Mei
Published: September 2016

C60H51N16O16Cl3Co2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 35.652(4) Å, b = 14.1314(16) Å, c = 25.141(3) Å, β = 105.113(2)°, V = 12228(3) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0651, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1663, T = 103(2) K.
Crystal structure of 1,1′-(hexane-1,6-diyl)bis(3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) bis(hexafluoro phosphate), C14H24F12N4P2
Authors: Xu-Liang Nie , Juan-Hua Kong , Jing Chen , Jin-Zhu Chen , Wan-Ming Xiong
Published: September 2016

C14H24F12N4P2, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.8173(12) Å, b = 8.8845(12) Å, c = 9.1494(12) Å, α = 62.2060(10)°, β = 64.2980(10)°, γ = 89.661(2)°, V = 553.72(13) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0746, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.2038, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of dibromido-bis[μ-1-[(2-methyl-1H-benzoimidazol-1-yl)methyl]-1H-benzotriazole-κN]mercury(II), C30H26Br2HgN10
Authors: Wang Xia , Shi Jing-Jing , Zhang Shu-Ling , Li Han-Bing
Published: September 2016

C30H26Br2HgN10, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 15.5262(6) Å, b = 13.2099(7) Å, c = 14.8370(5) Å, β = 95.688(3)°, V = 3028.1(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0329, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0561, T = 291(2) K.
Corporate Governance of Banks in Poland and Slovenia
Authors: Pašić Polona , Bratina Borut , Festić Mejra
Published: September 2016

This paper focuses on the analysis of the characteristics of corporate governance in banks in Poland and Slovenia between 2005 and 2013. It studies the impact of corporate governance in these banks on their performance. The results of our research show that Slovenia achieved lower average scores for the variables and indicators related to the transparency of corporate governance than Poland. The density of banks with the highest corporate governance index scores was higher in Poland than in Slovenia. When examining the impact of corporate governance on bank performance as measured with net interest income, the regression analysis showed that its impact is positive in both countries and that it is statistically significant in Slovenia.
Assessment of the State of Competition in the Banking Market in the Russian Federation
Authors: Rabdanova Anna , Bulatova Vera
Published: September 2016

Competition is one of the factors directly influencing the development of the banking market, the stability of the banking system, and the monetary system as a whole. This article describes the features of banking competition, methods of analysis of banking competition, and an analysis of the current state of competition in the banking market in the Russian Federation. The analysis of banking competition in the Russian Federation was performed using the concentration ratio for the top three companies and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. The research concludes with an assessment of the state of competition in the banking market and identification of the barriers to entering the financial services market.
Direct landfill disposal versus Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT)
Authors: Kulhawik Katarzyna
Published: September 2016

After the implementation of a new waste management system, in which recycling is the most dominating process, landfill disposal still appears to be the most popular method of waste management in Poland, in which waste undergoes gradual decomposition and the influence of climate conditions, for example, air and atmospheric fallout, leads to the production of leachate and biogas emissions, which contribute to continual threats to the natural environment and humans. The above-mentioned threats can be limited by applying suitable techniques of waste treatment before its disposal. A technology that is oriented to these aims is a mechanical biological treatment (MBT) before disposal.

The above-mentioned technology results is waste stabilisation and reduction of pollutant emissions. Additionally, it allows to increase the recovery of materials for recycling and to reduce the mass of waste. Finally, it is environmentally friendly.
Relationships between exchangeable and water-soluble cations in the forest soil
Authors: Porębska Grażyna , Ostrowska Apolonia
Published: September 2016

The aim of this research was to assess the relationships between exchangeable and water-soluble cations in forest soil types. Three dominant soil types were distinguished on studied plots: Haplic Podzol, Dystric Arenosol and Dystric Cambisol. Ca, Mg, K, Na and Al in soil sorption complex and soil water extracts were determined. The differentiation of the ionic composition of soil sorption complex and soil water extracts within a soil type and amongst soil types was presented. The sum of cations in the soil and water extracts was the highest in Dystric Cambisol and the lowest in Haplic Podzol. Ca is a dominant cation in soil and soil water extracts in organic horizon, whilst Al is dominant in mineral soil horizons. The Ca/Al and the base cations to Al (BC/Al) molar ratios increased in the sequence of soils: Haplic Podzol < Dystric Arenosol < Dystric Cambisol. The parent material, soil-forming processes and vegetation cover affected the Ca/Al and BC/Al ratios.
Natural resources as a value important to the development of ecological consciousness of the polish society
Authors: Żeber–Dzikowska Ilona , Chmielewski Jarosław , Lachowski Stanisław
Published: September 2016

The authors examine a very important issue concerning the concept of public consciousness and ecological consciousness of a human. They present ecological consciousness through indicating its level and factors that determine it. They discuss questions connected to shaping ecological consciousness in teachings of Saint John Paul II, sustainable development, eco-philosophy, and pro-ecological attitudes.
Safety of parsley intended for processing depending on the cultivation technology and storage
Authors: Pobereżny Jarosław , Wszelaczyńska Elżbieta , Chmielewski Jarosław , Gorczyca Damian , Kozera Wojciech , Knapowski Tomasz
Published: September 2016

The factors that affect the value of parsley for consumption include its taste, flavour and dietary utility (vitamins C and E, β-carotene, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and iron, raw fibre, proteins) as well as the content of hazardous substances, especially nitrogen compounds. A study was carried out in 2013–2015 to determine the effect of the cultivation technology and storage on the safety of parsley intended for processing. The study material was taken from an experiment where the following fertilisers were applied to the ground: nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120 kg N∙ha−1) and magnesium (0; 30 kg Mg∙ha−1). Parsley roots were stored for six months in a storage room at +1°C and RH 95%. The content of nitrates (V) and (III) was determined by the ion selective method immediately after the harvest and after storage in parsley roots.

The highest levels of nitrates (V) and (III) were found in parsley roots in the cultivation option where nitrogen for fertilisation was applied at the greatest amount, i.e. 120 kg N ha−1 and magnesium at 30 kg Mg∙ha−1. Regardless of the measures applied during the vegetation period, prolonged storage of parsley resulted in a decreased content of nitrates (V) and (III) in its roots. The limit for nitrogen content and the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for nitrates (1.0%) and nitrites (4.5%) were not exceeded in the cultivar under study.
Mineral fertilization as a factor determining technological value of grain of Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.
Authors: Knapowski Tomasz , Kozera Wojciech , Chmielewski Jarosław , Gorczyca Damian , Wszelaczyńska Elżbieta , Pobereżny Jarosław
Published: September 2016

In Poland, in recent years, there has been a great interest in growing spelt wheat. This is dictated not only by an increasing demand for food with higher healthy properties and unique taste, but also by a possibility of attracting farmers’ attention to this cereal as an alternative crop, with smaller requirements regarding the use of fertilization, as compared with common wheat. The aim of this study was to carry out the assessment of value of some technological characters of grain and flour of spelt wheat depending on different fertilizations with nitrogen (I factor, n=3, 25 and 50 kg N∙ha−1 + control treatment) and foliar application of microelements (II factor, n=4, Mn, Cu, combined fertilization with Mn and Cu + control treatment). Based on the performed study, it was found that fertilization with nitrogen, microelements and their interaction had, on average for years, a significant effect on the values of technological characters. Introduction of 25 kg N·ha−1 caused an increase in the value of falling number, whereas total protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value increased as a result of increasing nitrogen rates up to a level of 50 kg·ha−1. Of the variants of fertilization with microelements, the highest values of the analysed baking indices were found in the effects of combined foliar application of copper and manganese.
Approximate solutions to the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation in de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Yazici Muhammet , Şengül Süleyman
Published: September 2016

We consider initial value problems for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation in de Sitter spacetime. We use the differential transform method for the solution of the initial value problem. In order to show the accuracy of results for the solutions, we use the variational iteration method with Adomian’s polynomials for the nonlinearity. We show that the methods are effective and useful.
Evaluation of the usefulness of the electron Monte Carlo algorithm for planning radiotherapy with the use of electron beams
Authors: Łukomska Sandra , Kukołowicz Paweł , Zawadzka Anna , Gruda Mariusz , Giżyńska Marta , Jankowska Anna , Piziorska Maria
Published: September 2016

The aim of the study was to verify the accuracy of calculations of dose distributions for electron beams performed using the electron Monte Carlo (eMC) v.10.0.28 algorithm implemented in the Eclipse treatment planning system (Varian Medical Systems). Implementation of the objective of the study was carried out in two stages. In the first stage the influence of several parameters defined by the user on the calculation accuracy was assessed. After selecting a set of parameters for which the best results were obtained a series of tests were carried. The tests were carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the Polish Society of Medical Physics (PSMP). The calculation and measurement of dose rate under reference conditions for semi quadratic and shaped fields were compared by individual cut-outs. We compared the calculated and measured percent depth doses, profiles and output factors for beams with an energy of 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 MeV, for semi quadratic fields and for three different SSDs 100, 110, and 120 cm. All tests were carried out for beams generated in the Varian 2300CD Clinac linear accelerator. The results obtained during the first stage of the study demonstrated that the highest compliance between the calculations and measurements were obtained for the mean statistical uncertainty equal to 1, and the parameter responsible for smoothing the statistical noise defined as medium. Comparisons were made showing similar compliance calculations and measurements for the calculation grid of 0.1 cm and 0.25 cm and therefore the remaining part of the study was carried out for these two grids. In stage 2 it was demonstrated that the use of calculation grid of 0.1 cm allows for greater compliance of calculations and measurements. For energy 12, 15 and 18 MeV discrepancies between calculations and measurements, in most cases, did not exceed the PSMP action levels. The biggest differences between measurements and calculations were obtained for 6 MeV energy, for smallest fields and large SSD distances. Despite these discrepancies between calculations the model was adopted for clinical use.
Determination of contributions of scatter and distance error to the source strength of 192Ir HDR brachytherapy source
Authors: Bondel Shwetha , Ravikumar Manickam
Published: September 2016

High dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy commonly employs a 192Ir encapsulated source to deliver high dose to the malignant tissues. Calibrations of brachytherapy sources are performed by the manufacturer using a well-type chamber or by in-air measurement using a cylindrical ionization chamber. Calibration using the latter involves measurements to be carried out at several distances and room scatter can also be determined. The aim of the present study is to estimate the scatter contribution from the walls, floor and various materials in the room in order to determine the reference air kerma rate of an 192Ir HDR brachytherapy source by in-air measurements and also to evaluate the error in the setup distance between the source centre and chamber centre. Air kerma measurements were performed at multiple distances from 10 cm to 40 cm between the source and chamber. The room scatter correction factor was determined using the iterative technique. The distance error of −0.094 cm and −0.112 cm was observed for chamber with and without buildup cap respectively. The scatter component ranges from 0.3% to 5.4% for the chamber with buildup cap and 0.3% to 4.6% without buildup cap for distances between 10 to 40 cm respectively. Since the average of the results at multiple distances is considered to obtain the actual air kerma rate of the HDR source, the seven distance method and iterative technique are very effective in determining the scatter contribution and the error in the distance measurements.
Cavitation desulfurization in vulcanized rubber recycling under ultra-high pressure water jet
Authors: Song Shouxu , Zha Hui , Huang Haihong
Published: September 2016

Ultra-high pressure water jet is proposed for recycling of vulcanized waste rubber, and cavitation desulfurization in the recycling process is analyzed. The chemical effects of mechanical shearing, pyrolysis, free radical oxidation, and supercritical oxidation produced by bubble collapse are considered the main causes of desulfurization. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance test, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to determine the performance of rubber powder. Gel fraction of rubber powder is measured to analyze the effect of jet pressure on desulfurization. Results indicate that the vulcanized rubber could achieve partial desulfurization. The glass transition temperature of the rubber powder slightly increases after crushing. With the increase of jet pressure, the gel fraction of rubber powder initially decreases and then increases, as well as achieves a minimum value at the jet pressure of nearly 220 MPa, which is ideal for desulfurization.
Associated intracranial lesions: meningioma and anterior communicating aneurysm
Authors: Chiriac A. , Ion Georgiana , Faiyad Z. , Poeata I.
Published: September 2016

Asymptomatic associated intracranial lesions are more frequently diagnosed with the utilization of high-resolution imaging. The occurrence of brain tumors together with intracranial aneurysms are a very rare situation. This coexistence is still a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge as no consensus concerning imaging that may cover both type of intracranial lesion was established. We report a case of a 62 years old patient with a meningioma and aneurysm treated in one session with good outcome.
Complete 3rd cranial nerve dysfunction postdeflation/ excision of an encasing pituitary macroadenoma intrasellular cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Ng C. S. , Norlela S.
Published: September 2016

Central nervous system injury in particular cranial nerve palsy has been reported to be as high as 2%. Such prevalence of palsy generally attributed to surgical manipulation at the cavernous sinus, especially incurring the abducens nerve. We report the first case of acute oculomotor nerve sequel to the release of cystic fluid wrapping the nerve following a transsphenoidal excision of pituitary macroadenoma in a 57-year-old woman. She attended with the presentation of acute excruciating headache associated with partial drooping of right eye. The computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were consistent with pituitary apoplexy of an underlying pituitary macroadenoma. Urgent transsphenoidal hypophysectomy was done. Intra-operatively, cystic fluid was aspirated during pituitary tumour dissection. At the same time, curettage was employed to removal residual tumour after the tumour biopsy. Immediate post-operative assessment noted complete right eye ptosis, with clinical evidence of complete right third and fourth nerve palsies. MRI was repeated a week later in view of such palsy non-resolution. However, no local compression or edema noted. Observation and monitoring were opted versus surgical revision. Propitiously the aforementioned cranial nerve palsies persist for a month and subsequently subsided. In this case, we highlight the potential deleterious impact of aspirating cystic component and curettaging during pituitary surgery. Likely postulated accounts for such occurrence include sudden release of fluid pressure with resultant cystic traction on its enfolding cranial nerves and subsequent neuropraxia. We aim to invite comments that could enlighten us on this gray area.
Thoracic Cavernoma with Intraosseous and Extradural Component Mimicking Metastasis: Case Presentation
Authors: Kocaman Umit , Ozer Mehmet Haluk , Yilmaz Muhammet Bahadir , Yilmaz Hakan
Published: September 2016

Spinal epidural cavernomas are quite rare lesions and only 5% of all cavernomas are located in the spine. The lesions are most commonly localized in the thoracic region. The differential diagnosis includes neurogenic tumors, lymphoma, schwannoma, meningioma, multiple myeloma, Ewing's sarcoma and metastasis. A 40- year-old male patient presented with paraplegia and MR images revealed an epidural soft tissue constricting the right posterolateral of the cord at the T6 level. Pathology showed cavernous hemangioma. A literature search revealed no other case that so closely mimicked metastasis by invading all components of the thoracic vertebra and also expanding to the epidural distance. We therefore present the case emphasizing these features.
An international based survey about preferences in neurosurgical irrigation fluids in neurotrauma procedures
Authors: Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Agrawal Amit , Calderon- Miranda Willem , Rubiano Andres , Aquino-Matus Jorge
Published: September 2016

Background: Traumatic brain injury surgery is the most frequently performed by neurosurgeons. The use of 0.9% saline solution (normal saline) irrigation and other solutions during neurosurgical procedures has been considered a cause of neural tissue injury. The normal saline has been used for many years, but at cellular level it may cause harmful changes. The emergence of new solutions, such as artificial cerebrospinal fluid and Ringer's lactate, seem to produce less damage effects on brain tissue. The aim of this study is to evaluate the trends in use of irrigation solutions in traumatic brain injury surgeries.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted through a web-based survey sent to 40 neurosurgeons worldwide.

Results: Over the period of the study data was collected from the 40 physicians and the 100% of the respondents used any type of irrigation solution during neurosurgery. Conclusion: The use of normal saline in brain surgery is a widespread practice worldwide, despite the negative effects on neural tissue as it may contribute to further damage. The conception of new irrigation solutions for neurosurgery, especially in traumatic brain injury, may be a useful alternative for future studies and to expand our knowledge on this topic.
Re-alignment of operated anterior odontoid screw displaced Odontoid type 3 without resurgery: an unusual case report with a brief review of literature
Authors: Ansari Ahmed
Published: September 2016

Odontoid fractures are particularly dangerous variety of cervical injury, due primarily to spinal cord trauma. In this article, we describe the re alignment of displaced operated type 3 odontoid # with anterior screw fixation with cervical traction.
Lobster claw sign: a new sign depicting central cervical cord injury at or below that level. Case report
Authors: Ansari Ahmed
Published: September 2016

Traumatic cervical central cord spinal injuries (CSS) are now more readily recognized both clinically and on radiolgical scans. In this article, we introduce a lobster claw sign due to a particular positionin
Rare variant of misme syndrome – a case report with review of literature
Authors: Dwivedi Ashish Kumar , Jain Shashi Kant , Gandhi Ashok
Published: September 2016

MISME syndrome, also known as neurofibromatosis type-2 (NF2), stands for multiple inherited schwannomas, meningiomas, and ependymomas (MISME) in the peripheral and central nervous system. It is a rare disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance due to mutations of a tumor-suppressor gene on the chromosome 22q12. Clinically, it is characterized by multiple benign tumors arising in both the central and the peripheral nervous system, particularly from the bilateral vestibular nerve in more than 90% of the patients and more than two thirds of them develop spinal tumors. Simultaneous occurrence of bilateral vestibular schwanoma with cervical and lumbar ependymoma without neuro cutaneous marker with weakness of limb as initial presentation is rare finding in single patient. Here, we are reporting a rare case of MISME syndrome harbouring bilateral vestibular schwanoma with cervical and lumbar ependymoma tumors in a 45 year old male patient having no other lesion and neurocutaneous marker with weakness of limb as initial presentation without posterior subcapsular cataract.
Spontaneous chronic subdural hematoma development in chronic myeloid leukemia cases at remission phase under maintenance therapy, management strategy - a series with literature review
Authors: Raheja Amol , Satyarthee Guru Dutta
Published: September 2016

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is common squeal of trauma and rarely associated with anticoagulant therapy, antiplatelet, chemotherapeutic drugs, arteriovenous malformation, aneurysms and post-craniotomy. However its occurrence is very unusual with systemic haematological malignancy and mostly reported with acute myeloid leukemia; however incidence of SDH occurrence in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is very rare. CML is a haematological malignancy characterized by chromosomal alteration, pathologically represents increased proliferation of the granulocytic cell line without loss of capacity to differentiate. CML has three phases - remission phase, accelerated phase and blast crisis. About 85 % of patients present in remission phase of disease and carries a favorable prognosis. As intracranial, subdural hematoma usually occur in the accelerated phase or blast crisis phase or extremely uncommon during chronic remission phase, although only those affected, who are neglecting therapeutic medication or discontinued therapy or rarely as an adverse effect of medications. However, important role of neurosurgeon lies in early detection and correction of platelet count and associated hematological abnormality as quite sizeable proportion of cases may not need surgical intervention instead can be managed conservatively under regular supervision in association with oncologist colleague, but few cases may need urgent surgical intervention. So, selecting a subgroup of CML cases in the remission phase requiring surgical intervention, presenting with CSDH is not only challenging, as failure to make an informed and timely precise decision can lead to catastrophic worse outcome and even mortality. So, purpose of current article is to formulate the management therapeutic plan. Authors report three cases of CML in chronic remission phase, receiving treatment under guidance of Haemto-oncologist at our institute presented with spontaneous chronic SDH. The mean age was 36 years (range 29- 44 years), 66% were male, headache was presenting feature in all 100% (n=3), 66% cases were hemiplegic and 33% unconscious each, in 66% cases CSDH were located on right fronto-temporal region and 33% had small left sided thin CSDH. About were 66% cases (n=2) were managed surgically by burr hole placement and drainage drain placement while 33% case (n=1), who had thin CSDH was managed conservatively.Favorable outcome was observed in 100% cases (n=3) Outcome was favorable in all of our cases.
Determinants of Participation in Sport and Physical Activity for Students with Disabilities According to Teachers and School-based Practitioners Specialized in Recreational and Competitive Physical Activity
Authors: Belley-Ranger Emilie , Carbonneau Hélène , Roult Romain , Brunet Isabelle , Duquette Marie-Michèle , Nauroy Estelle
Published: September 2016

Because youth with disabilities participate less in physical activity than young people without disabilities and that schools play an important role in adopting a healthy lifestyle, it is important to deepen our understanding of the elements that foster participation of young people with disabilities in physical activity. The objective of this research is twofold: 1) establish the determinants of participation of youth with disabilities in physical education according to practitioners and 2) document the effects of an initiation and competition program for youth with disabilities on their physical activity. The collection of data using semi-structured interviews was conducted in two phases. The first, among teachers and school-based practitioners (n = 18), aimed to understand their experiences relating to the adoption of healthy lifestyles among their students with disabilities. As for the second, practitioners (n = 12) were interviewed during organized adapted sporting events. Analysis of the interviews shows two categories of determinants, namely determinants relating to school (winning conditions of the environment, the importance of extracurricular activities, and obstacles) as well as determinants relating to the professional competence of teachers (the role of teachers, collaboration between professionals, the benefits of sport and physical activity and obstacles encountered).
Effects of a School-Based Relaxation Intervention on Recovery in Young Elite Athletes in High School
Authors: Wikman Johan Michael , Ryom Knud , Stelter Reinhard , Elbe Anne-Marie
Published: September 2016

This study reports the effects of a recovery intervention in young elite athletes in high school. The scissors model (Kellmann & Kallus, 2001) was used as a theoretical foundation for the intervention. An intervention group (n = 40) participated in 12 weekly intervention sessions, while the control group (n = 58) did not. A Danish version of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes measured recovery levels in the participants, at baseline and at the end of intervention. Qualitative interviews were conducted with four of the participants. Quantitative results did not show an improvement in recovery and stress levels. Qualitative results showed that the intervention had an effect on the participants, and also revealed areas, in which the intervention could be improved. Suggestions for future interventions are given.
Relationships between ego-oriented peer climate, perceived competence and worry about sport performance: A longitudinal study of student-athletes
Authors: Ingrell Joakim , Johnson Urban , Ivarsson Andreas
Published: September 2016

Using a sample of student-athletes’ (N=64) first year (seventh grade) enrolled at a school with a sport profile, the aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate (a) levels and changes as regards to worry about sport performance, perception of peer climate, and perceived competence; and (b) the relationship in levels and changes between these studied variables. The primary results from latent growth models (LGMs) and parallel process LGMs revealed that, during their first year, the student-athletes’ level of worry and perceived ego-oriented peer climate increased, whereas perceived competence decreased. Further, the results showed that perceived competence was negatively associated with worry at the beginning of the students’ first year. The slope of perceived ego-oriented peer climate was positively associated with the slope of worry. Future research in relation to the findings is discussed, and recommendations for future actions are given.
Considerations on the correlation between real body and body image
Authors: Abalașei Beatrice , Trofin Florin
Published: September 2016

Every individual in the society has a representation of it's own body in relation to the spatial cues, postural cues, time cues, etc., considered by specialists the body scheme. Throughout its development, the human being goes through different stages of organization of both the image the and body scheme. We start carrying out this study from the idea that there could be, in male individuals, a link between body representation (own image projected outwardly apparent by reference to an image presented through a questionnaire) and anthropological parameters, such as body fat and body mass index.

The study was conducted on a total of 28 subjects, aged 22.71 ± 2.62 years, height of 177.11 ± 6.76 cm and body weight of 73.56 ± 12.60 kg. For these subjects the body composition has been determined by electromagnetic bioimpendance technique and projection of the self was assesed through a questionnaire.

After analyzing statistical data, our hypothesis was refuted by the lack of mathematical connections between the variables analyzed.
Study regarding the efficiency of the female players from the BCM Danzio Timișoara basketball team
Authors: Ionescu Dan
Published: September 2016

The game of basketball, as well as other sports activities, tends toward an evolution congruent with the gains of science and contemporary techniques. There are more discussions regarding the activity of sport performance about objectification, optimization, standardization, rationalization, modeling and other notions which had no meaning for the coaches and players during the romantical period of the basketball game. Tracking a team’s basketball game means more than just gathering information about the individual or collective style of play. If the statistics about the opponent are made, in general, to exploit their weaknesses, the statistics which are focusing on their own team, help to determine not only if the players are useful or harmful, but it also shows their progress or their setback in a competitive season.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency of the female players from a basketball team during a competitive season, depending on the season period (first half-second half), the training methods of the coaches, the places where the games are being held (home-away) and the opponent’s level.
Sports perception in young people Survey in the Italian primary school and comparison with the Maltese school
Authors: Izzo Riccardo , Gomez Paloma Filippo , Serena Diana , Raiola Gaetano
Published: September 2016

Here below are the results of a comparative study on the perception of the sports practice in primary school by focusing on the possible differences between genders and classes, and assessing the difference of the sociologic aspects and the media. Studying, assessing and analyzing the issues related to physical activities offered to children of school age allows a deeper knowledge of the current psycho-physical condition of the child.

It’s also important to know the cultural and social phenomena concerning young people which always represent, for better or for worse, the time they live in.
Allotwinning and OD-structures – the example of malonamide
Authors: Strand Daniel , Folkers Laura , Lidin Sven
Published: September 2016

Allotwinning, the ordered intergrowth of two different structures may often be seen as a special case of OD-structures. The same structural ambiguity that allows for locally identical but globally different components of an allotwin may also allow the formation of an OD structure. When this is the case, the components of the allotwin often correspond to the MDO-structures of OD theory. Starting from the example of malonamide, we observe that any structure with z′=2 and a pronounced pseudo symmetry is a candidate for allotwinning and/or OD-structuring.
Crystallographic and computational study of t-butyl N-[3-hydroxy-1-phenyl-4-(pyridin- 2-ylsulfanyl)butan-2-yl]carbamate and its pyrimidin-2-yl analogue
Authors: Vellasco Junior Walcimar T. , Gomes Claudia R.B. , Vasconcelos Thatyana R.A. , Wardell James L. , Otero-de-la-Roza Alberto , Jotani Mukesh M. , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: September 2016

The crystal structure analysis of the biologically-relevant title compound (1) shows the carbonyl-O2 and amide-H atoms to be anti, and perpendicular relationships between the carbamate residue and the pyridyl ring [dihedral angle=84.60(10)°] and between the carbamate and aryl ring [74.84(11)°]; the rings are approximately co-planar [12.07(17)°]. An intramolecular hydroxyl-O–H···N(pyridyl) hydrogen bond that closes a S(7) loop is noted. Of interest is the observation that this hydrogen bond is not found in the structure of the pyrimidinyl analogue (2) which was characterised as a monohydrate, i.e. 2·H2O, in an earlier study. Density-functional theory calculations show the observed conformation in 1 is 2.0 kcal/mol more stable than the conformation where the intramolecular hydrogen bond is absent. This energy difference reduces to ca 0.5 kcal/mol in the case of 2. The differences in molecular conformations found for 1 and 2 are therefore ascribed to the dictates of overall molecular packing, in particular due to the influence of lattice water in 2·H2O.
Sonochemical Synthesis of Nanostructured ZnO/Ag Composites in an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Farag Hala K. , El-Shamy Ashraf M. , Sherif Elsayed M. , Zein El Abedin Sherif
Published: September 2016

In the present paper we show that nanocrystalline ZnO/Ag composites can be obtained via an ultrasonic-assisted approach in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethylsulfonate. Different techniques including, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) were utilized to characterize the synthesized materials. The XRD results revealed the formation of ZnO wurtzite structure along with metallic Ag in the ZnO/Ag composite. The particle size was estimated from the XRD results to be about 35 nm. The UV spectrum of ZnO/Ag showed the characteristic absorption band of wurtzite crystal structure of ZnO, and the presence of Ag in the ZnO/Ag composite led to a slight red shift. The employed ionic liquid acts as a template leading to the formation of nanoparticles of ZnO and of ZnO/Ag.
Identification of PPM1D as an essential Ulk1 phosphatase for genotoxic stress‐induced autophagy
Authors: Torii Satoru , Yoshida Tatsushi , Arakawa Satoko , Honda Shinya , Nakanishi Akira , Shimizu Shigeomi
Published: September 2016

Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved process that degrades subcellular constituents. Unlike starvation‐induced autophagy, the molecular mechanism of genotoxic stress‐induced autophagy has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we analyze the molecular mechanism of genotoxic stress‐induced autophagy and identify an essential role of dephosphorylation of the Unc51‐like kinase 1 (Ulk1) at Ser637, which is catalyzed by the protein phosphatase 1D magnesium‐dependent delta isoform (PPM1D). We show that after exposure to genotoxic stress, PPM1D interacts with and dephosphorylates Ulk1 at Ser637 in a p53‐dependent manner. The PPM1D‐dependent Ulk1 dephosphorylation triggers Ulk1 puncta formation and induces autophagy. This happens not only in mouse embryonic fibroblasts but also in primary thymocytes, where the genetic ablation of PPM1D reduces the dephosphorylation of Ulk1 at Ser637, inhibits autophagy, and accelerates apoptosis induced by X‐ray irradiation. This acceleration of apoptosis is caused mainly by the inability of the autophagic machinery to degrade the proapoptotic molecule Noxa. These findings indicate that the PPM1D–Ulk1 axis plays a pivotal role in genotoxic stress‐induced autophagy.
Incidencia del buceo autónomo y capacidad de carga en sitios de buceo del Parque Nacional Jardines de la Reina, Cuba
Authors: Hernández Fernández Leslie , Olivera Espinosa Yunier M. , Figueredo Martín Tamara , Gómez Fernández Raúl , Brizuela Pardo Leander , Pina Amargós Fabián
Published: September 2016

Una de las actividades que más se desarrolla en el Parque Nacional Jardines de la Reina (PNJR), ubicado al sur de las provincias de Sancti Spíritus, Ciego de Ávila y Camagüey, es el buceo autónomo. Sobre esta base se realizó un estudio acerca de la incidencia de dicha actividad sobre los arrecifes de esta región, específicamente, sobre los corales pétreos. Para ello se estudiaron 28 sitios, en 10 días, lo que permitió comparar zonas de alta, media, baja y sin intensidad de buceo en cuanto al porcentaje de cobertura viva de los corales, mediante 220 transectos lineales y con la observación de 51 buceadores. En los sitios con alta intensidad de buceo se identificaron 36 especies de corales, siendo las más abundantes: S. siderea, A. agaricites, P. astreoides, M. alcicornis y O. faveolata. De los 51 buceadores observados, 48 cometieron infracciones: contactos sobre los organismos, resuspensión de sedimentos, y en menor medida, daños mecánicos (rompimiento). Las gorgonias fueron los organismos más contactados, seguidas por los corales. La cantidad de toques por buceador en el PNJR fue de 5.8 toques/min. La capacidad de carga efectiva en el PNJR varió entre 15 y 35 buceadores/sitio/día. Se infiere que los sitios de buceo del PNJR, a pesar de la incidencia del buceo autónomo sobre ellos, no muestran deterioro. No obstante, se recomienda monitorear los organismos afectados para conocer con precisión su evolución ante las incidencias, así como cumplir con el número de buceadores/sitio/día que se sugiere en este estudio.
Ultraschallgesteuerte Nervenblockade des Nervus femoralis und ischiadicus im Vergleich zur Epiduralanästhesie bei orthopädischen Eingriffen am Hund
Authors: Hungerbühler Stephan , Weil Clarissa , Schütter Alexandra , Rohn Karl , Tünsmeyer Julia , Kästner Sabine , Arnholz Mareike
Published: September 2016

Ziel: Vergleich von Epiduralanästhesie und ultraschallgesteuerter Nervenblockade bezüglich analgetischer Effektivität, klinischer Anwendbarkeit sowie Nebenwirkungen bei orthopädischen Eingriffen an der Hintergliedmaße des Hundes. Material und Methoden: In die prospektive, geblindete, randomisierte klinische Studie gingen 22 Hunde der ASA(American Society of Anesthesiologists)-Stufen I und II ein, bei denen ein orthopädischer Eingriff ab dem distalen Drittel des Femurs erfolgte. Den Hunden wurden randomisiert 0,5 mg/kg Bupivacainhydrochlorid (0,5%) und 0,1 mg/kg Morphinsulfat (1%) epidural (EPI) oder unter Ultraschallkontrolle perineural (LA) verabreicht. Intraoperativ wurden Herzfrequenz, Atemfrequenz, mittlerer arterieller Blutdruck (MAP), endexspiratorische Isoflurankonzentration und die Anzahl der zusätzlich benötigten Fentanyl-Boli (5 µg/kg i. v.) als Rescue-Analgesie protokolliert. Präoperativ sowie postoperativ zu Stunde 2, 4, 6, 12 und 24 nach Extubation wurde der Schmerzgrad mittels der Kurzform des Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (GCMPS) bestimmt. Bei einem GCMPS > 6 erhielten die Hunde Methadon (0,2 mg/kg i. v.) als Rescue-Analgesie. Zur statistischen Auswertung dienten Chi-Quadrat-Test, Fisher-Test, Wilcoxon-Test sowie ein- und zweifaktorielle ANOVA mit Signifikanz bei p < 0,05. Ergebnisse: Während der Anästhesie betrug der mittlere MAP in Gruppe EPI 86,6 ± 8,7 mmHg und in Gruppe LA 111,2 ± 11,2 mmHg. Postoperativ lag der MAP in Gruppe EPI bei 95,2 ±13,1 mmHg und in Gruppe LA bei 119,3 ± 18,2 mmHg. Der MAP der Gruppe EPI war durchgehend signifikant niedriger als der der Gruppe LA (p = 0,0421). Weitere signifikante Unterschiede ergaben sich nicht. Urinretention oder motorische Beeinträchtigungen wurden nicht beobachtet. Schlussfolgerung: Die ultraschallgesteuerte Nervenblockade des N. femoralis und des N. ischiadicus garantieren eine zur Epiduralanästhesie vergleichbare perioperative Analgesie. Die Unterschiede des MAP zeigten klinisch keine Relevanz. Unter stationären Bedingungen ergab sich kein Nachteil bezüglich der Gliedmaßen- und Blasenfunktion.
COMMAND – CONTROL AND SIGNALING SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION AND ITS SAFETY
Authors: Kycko M.
Published: September 2016

Purpose. The publication presents the importance and influence of railway traffic control system documentation on its safety. Furthermore, it presents certain selected issues of formal and semi-formal descriptions. Methodology. Development of correct and complete descriptions of the informal, semi-formal and formal becomes important in terms of safety requirements. Background documentation and forms of command-control and signaling system description are the base documents of safety proof. It seems necessary to implement the analysis of the design, manufacture process and operation of safety-related equipment into the work of the Polish railways. Firstly it is applied to traffic control devices. Findings. This publication also shows the importance of risk analysis, which is essential when deciding on the implementation of signaling systems to operate, which are required both in the regulations and making rational decisions about the implementation of the systems. Originality. The presented a problem changes the approach to certain data and makes us aware of their validity. Practical value. The presented problems can help understand certain legal requirements.