bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Novel Designs of Resistive Plate Chambers
Authors: Bilki B , Onel Y , Repond J , Sahbaz K K , Tosun M , Xia L
Published: December 2022

A novel design of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs), using only a single resistive plate, was developed and tested. Based on this design, prototype chambers of size ranging from 10 cm × 10 cm to 32 cm × 48 cm were constructed and tested with cosmic rays and particle beams. The tests confirmed the viability of this new approach for calorimetric applications where the particle rates do not exceed 1 kHz/cm2, such as CALICE digital calorimeters. The chambers also have improved single-particle response, such as a pad multiplicity close to unity. In addition to this development, we probed a new technique to mitigate limitations associated with common RPC gases compatible with the environment. The technique is based on electron multiplication in a thin layer of high secondary electron yield material coating on the anode plane. Here we report on the construction of various different glass RPC designs, and their performance measurements in laboratory tests and with particle beams.
A Compact TPC for the sPHENIX Experiment
Authors: Klest Henry T.
Published: December 2022

The sPHENIX detector to be installed at RHIC in 2022 is designed to precisely measure jets, jet correlations, and dilepton pairs in heavy-ion collisions. With these measurements in mind, sPHENIX will employ a compact TPC covering 20cm < r < 78 cm and |η| < 1.1 as the central tracker. Utilizing an optimized Ne-CF4 gas mixture, zigzag readout pads, a 1.4 T solenoid, and a modified SAMPA chip for streaming readout, the TPC will provide a position resolution sufficient for measuring target observables in a high event rate environment. The sPHENIX TPC, with some modifications, could be a mid-rapidity tracking component in a day-one Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) detector. The design of the TPC will be discussed, as well as test beam data and applicability to the EIC.
TPC development by the LCTPC collaboration for the ILD detector at ILC
Authors: Kaminski Jochen
Published: December 2022

The International Large Detector (ILD) at the International Linear Collider (ILC) requires significantly improved subdetector systems to comply with the envisioned performance. Its central tracking detector is a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) which is equipped with Micropattern Gaseous Detector (MPGD) readout modules. The LCTPC collaboration was founded in 2007 to design such a MPGD-based TPC and to build and test demonstrator modules. For this an experimental setup at DESY, Hamburg, was built, where four different readout concepts have been studied in many successful test beam campaigns since 2010. It could be demonstrated that the required transverse and longitudinal space point resolutions can be reached. Also, a new gating concept was developed that can effectively eliminate the ion backflow, while marginally degrading the performance of the detector.
CMS RPC data taking during the LHC Run-2 and activities during Long Shutdown 2
Authors: Amarilo Kevin Mota
Published: December 2022

The CMS experiment collected around 150 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at

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TeV during the Run-2 data taking period of LHC. The CMS RPC system provided redundant information for robust muon triggering, reconstruction and identification. To ensure stable data taking, the CMS RPC collaboration has performed detector operation, calibration and performance studies. After the end of Run-2, it was started the second LHC long shutdown period (LS2), an important opportunity for maintenance and preparation for the next data taking period (Run-3) and the installation of services in preparation for the Phase-II upgrade. The activities included maintenance of power, gas and online systems. In this presentation, the overall performance of the CMS RPC system during the Run-2 period is summarized as well as all the activities done in preparation for future data taking periods.
Numerical Evaluation of Electric Field and Dark Current of Resistive Plate Chamber
Authors: Das Subhendu , Datta Jaydeep , Majumdar Nayana , Mukhopadhyay Supratik
Published: December 2022

We have developed a numerical model to simulate the electric field and dark current of RPC from the first principle using finite element method. The effect of the electrical properties of electrode and spacer materials on field configuration and dark current has been systematically investigated for optimization of RPC design using the model.
Reduction of Greenhouse Gases impact in the EEE Project
Authors: Ripoli C , Abbrescia M , Avanzini C , Baldini L , Ferroli R Baldini , Batignani G , Battaglieri M , Boi S , Bossini E , Carnesecchi F , Cicalò C , Cifarelli L , Coccetti F , Coccia E , Corvaglia A , De Gruttola D , De Pasquale S , Fabbri F , Fulci A , Galante L , Garbini M , Gemme G , Gnesi I , Grazzi S , Hatzifotiadou D , La Rocca P , Liu Z , Mandaglio G , Maron G , Mazziotta M N , Mulliri A , Nania R , Noferini F , Nozzoli F , Palmonari F , Panareo M , Panetta M P , Paoletti R , Pellegrino C , Pinazza O , Pinto C , Pisano S , Riggi F , Righini G , Rizzi M , Sartorelli G , Scapparone E , Schioppa M , Scribano A , Selvi M , Serri G , Squarcia S , Taiuti M , Terreni G , Trifirò A , Trimarchi M , Triolo A S , Vistoli C , Votano L , Ungaro M , Williams M C S , Zichichi A , Zuyeuski R
Published: December 2022

The whole Extreme Energy Events (EEE) array is composed of 61 telescopes installed in Italian High Schools, built and operated by students and teachers, constantly supervised by researchers. The muon telescope of the EEE Project is made by 3 Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC). The unconventional working sites are a unique test field for checking the robustness and the low-ageing features of the MRPC technology for particle tracking and timing purposes. The MRPCs are fluxed with a standard mixture (98% C2H2F4 - 2% SF6) of greenhouse gases (GHG) phasing out of production. The EEE Collaboration is currently studying alternative mixtures environmentally and economically sustainable. The EEE Collaboration actions to reduce the Global Warming Potential (GWP) in the MRPC array of the EEE experiment are progressing.
GEM Detectors for the Upgrade of the CMS Muon Spectrometer
Authors: Malhotra Shivali
Published: December 2022

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be upgraded in several phases to allow a significant expansion of its physics program. We are nearing the end of Long Shutdown 2 (LS2, 2019-2021), after which the LHC will initiate its third running period (Run-3) expected to last three years. In Run-3 LHC will collide protons with an instantaneous luminosity of 2-3×1034cm−2s−1 exceeding its design luminosity by a factor of 2-3, allowing the CMS experiment to collect an integrated luminosity of approximately 100 fb−1/year. A subsequent upgrade in 2025-27 (Long Shutdown 3 - LS3) will increase the luminosity up to 5×1034cm−2s−1. The CMS muon system must enable a physics program that maintains sensitivity for electroweak measurements and for Beyond the Standard Model searches, similar to what was achieved in Run-1 and Run-2. To cope with the corresponding increase in trigger rates and to provide additional coordinate measurements in the high background environment, the installation of additional sets of muon detectors, referred to as GE1/1, GE2/1 and ME0, that use Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technology, has been approved. The GE1/1 chambers have already been installed in spring-summer 2020 and are currently being commissioned and tested with cosmic rays. The construction of GE2/1 will start in 2021, while for ME0 the final R&D is in progress and construction is foreseen in 2023. We present an overview of the Muon Spectrometer upgrade using the GEM technology, the performance of the GE1/1 chambers during Quality Control tests and in cosmic ray tests, and the design of the GE2/1 and ME0 chambers.
Hydrodynamic simulation studies on avalanche and streamer formation in GEM detector
Authors: Rout P.K. , Datta J. , Roy P. , Bhattacharya P. , Mukhopadhyay S. , Majumdar N. , Sarkar S.
Published: December 2022

The dynamics of electrons and ions in gaseous ionization detectors have been studied reasonably well with particle simulation models developed using the Garfield++ numerical simulation framework. This is an important area of study since it allows prediction of the detector response in a given experimental situation. In this work, a fluid simulation model has been developed in the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation framework to simulate the avalanche and streamer formation in GEM-based detectors. Possible detector geometries in 2D, 2D axisymmetric and 3D coordinate systems have been explored to find the optimum numerical configuration. Transport of charged fluids has been simulated in the optimized model for various operating voltage ranges suitable for single, double and triple GEM detectors using Ar-CO2 (70-30) as the gas mixture. Simulated gain variations have been compared with experimental observations. Effect of space charge and its relation to streamer formation have been studied.
Development of a fast simulator for GEM-based neutron detectors
Authors: dos Santos R. Felix , Munhoz M. G. , Moralles M. , Filho L. A. Serra , Bregant M. , Souza F. A.
Published: December 2022

Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM)-based detectors using a layer of 10B as a neutron converter is becoming popular for thermal neutron detection. A common strategy to simulate this kind of detector is based on two frameworks: Geant4 and Garfield++. The first one provides the simulation of the nuclear interaction between neutrons and the 10B layer, while the second allows the simulation of the interaction of the reaction products with the detector gas leading to the ionization and excitation of the gas molecules. Given the high ionizing power of these nuclear reaction products, a full simulation is very time consuming and must be optimized to become viable. In this work, we present a strategy to develop a fast simulator based on these two frameworks that will allow us to generate enough data for a proper evaluation of the expected performance and optimization of this kind of detector. We will show the first results obtained with this tool concentrating on its validation and performance.
Study of Light Production With A Fifty Liter Liquid Argon TPC
Authors: Babicz M. , Bilki B. , Boran F. , Dolek F. , Green P. , Kose U. , Nessi M. , Pietropaolo F. , Resnati F. , Szelc A. M. , Zani A.
Published: December 2022

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is the next very large scale neutrino science and proton decay experiment. DUNE will consist of large-scale near and far detectors. The core elements of these detector systems are liquid argon Time Projection Chambers (LAr TPCs) and light readout systems. Two prototype far detectors were built and operated at CERN Neutrino Platform and extensive developments are underway for improved and upgraded detectors. In order to evaluate various design alternatives and validate new concepts of light readout related to large-scale LAr detectors, we have performed several experiments with a fifty liter liquid argon TPC at CERN. Among the long list of configurations we probed, study of various wavelength shifters, operation in dual phase mode and Xe and N2 doping under different scenarios can be listed. Here we report on the details of the various test campaigns and discuss our findings and their impact on the design and operational parameters.
Buried Layer Low Gain Avalanche Diodes
Authors: Apresyan A. , Giacomini G. , Heller R. , Mannelli M. , Islam R. , Lipton Ronald , Tricoli A. , Chen W.
Published: December 2022

We report on the design, simulation and test of Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) which utilize a buried gain layer. The buried layer is formed by patterned implantation of a 50-micron thick float zone substrate wafer-bonded to a low resistivity carrier. This is then followed by epitaxial deposition of a ≈ 3 micron-thick high resistivity amplification region. The topside is then processed with junction edge termination and guard ring structures and incorporates an AC-coupled cathode implant. This design allows for independent adjustment of gain layer depth and density, increasing design flexibility. A higher gain layer dopant density can also be achieved by controlling the process thermal budget, improving radiation hardness. A first set of demonstration devices has been fabricated, including a variety of test structures. We report on TCAD design and simulation, fabrication process flow, and preliminary measurements of prototype devices.
Performance of radiation hard 3D pixel sensors for the upgrade of the ATLAS Inner Tracker
Authors: Terzo Stefano , Carlotto Juan , Grinstein Sebastian , Manna Maria , Pellegrini Giulio , Quirion David
Published: December 2022

The Inner Detector of the ATLAS experiment at CERN will be replaced by a completely new Inner Tracker (ITk) to exploit the performance of the High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC accelerator (HL-LHC). The new detector will have to operate in an unprecedented radiation environment. In particular, the hybrid pixel detectors of the innermost layer of the ITk will be exposed to a particle fluence of about 1.7 × 1016 neq/cm2 before being replaced. A novel 3D pixel sensor technology featuring thin active substrates and small pixel cells has been selected to instrument the innermost barrel layer and rings of the ATLAS ITk. Prototypes of 3D pixel sensors produced at CNM in Barcelona, Spain, including 3D pixelated test structures as well as half-size sensors coupled to the RD53A ASIC prototype for HL-LHC, have been irradiated with protons and neutrons up to the radiation doses expected for the innermost layers of ITk. Their performance in terms of leakage current, power dissipation and hit efficiency of different pixel geometries after irradiation have been investigated and compared to the requirements for ITk.
Test-beam and simulation studies for the CLICTD technology demonstrator - a monolithic CMOS pixel sensor with a small collection diode
Authors: Dort Katharina
Published: December 2022

The CLIC Tracker Detector (CLICTD) is a monolithic pixel sensor featuring pixels of 30 μm × 37.5 μm and a small collection diode. The sensor is fabricated in a 180 nm CMOS imaging process, using two different pixel flavours: the first with a continuous n-type implant for full lateral depletion, and the second with a segmentation in the n-type implant for accelerated charge collection. Moreover, CLICTD features an innovative sub-pixel segmentation scheme that allows the digital footprint to be reduced while maintaining a small sub-pixel pitch. In this contribution, test-beam measurements for the pixel flavour with the segmented n-implant are presented. The performance is evaluated in terms of time and spatial resolution as well as efficiency. Furthermore, the test-beam data is compared to simulation studies using a combination of 3D TCAD and Monte Carlo simulation tools.
Radiation tolerance of diamond detectors
Authors: Bäni L , Artuso M , Bachmair F , Bartosik M , Beck H , Bellini V , Belyaev V , Bentele B , Bergonzo P , Bes A , Brom J-M , Chiodini G , Chren D , Cindro V , Claus G , Collot J , Cumalat J , Curtoni S , Dabrowski A , D’Alessandro R , Dauvergne D , de Boer W , Dorfer C , Dünser M , Eigen G , Eremin V , Forneris J , Gallin-Martel L , Gallin-Martel M-L , Gan K K , Gastal M , Ghimouz A , Goffe M , Goldstein J , Golubev A , Gorišek A , Grigoriev E , Grosse-Knetter J , Grummer A , Hiti B , Hits D , Hoeferkamp M , Hofmann T , Hosselet J , Hügging F , Hutson C , Jackman R , Janssen J , Jennings-Moors R , Kagan H , Kanxheri K , Kis M , Kramberger G , Kuleshov S , Lacoste A , Lagomarsino S , Giudice A Lo , Paz I López , Lukosi E , Maazouzi C , Mandić I , Marcatili S , Marino A , Mathieu C , Menichelli M , Mikuž M , Morozzi A , Moscatelli F , Moss J , Mountain R , Oh A , Olivero P , Pakpour-Tabrizi A , Passeri D , Pernegger H , Perrino R , Picollo F , Pomorski M , Porter A , Potenza R , Quadt A , Rarbi F , Re A , Reichmann M , Roe S , Rossetto O , Becerra D A Sanz , Schmidt C , Schnetzer S , Sciortino S , Scorzoni A , Seidel S , Servoli L , Smith D S , Sopko B , Sopko V , Spagnolo S , Spanier S , Stenson K , Stone R , Stugu B , Sutera C , Traeger M , Trischuk W , Truccato M , Tuvê C , Velthuis J , Wagner S , Wallny R , Wang J C , Welch J , Wermes N , Wickramasinghe J , Yamouni M , Zalieckas J , Zavrtanik M
Published: December 2022

Diamond is used as detector material in high energy physics experiments due to its inherent radiation tolerance. The RD42 collaboration has measured the radiation tolerance of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond against proton, pion, and neutron irradiation. Results of this study are summarized in this article. The radiation tolerance of diamond detectors can be further enhanced by using a 3D electrode geometry. We present preliminary results of a poly-crystalline CVD (pCVD) diamond detector with a 3D electrode geometry after irradiation and compare to planar devices of roughly the same thickness.
Tuning of gain layer doping concentration and Carbon implantation effect on deep gain layer
Authors: Mazza S. M. , Gee C. , Zhao Y. , Padilla R. , Ryan E. , Tournebise N. , Darby B. , McKinney-Martinez F. , Sadrozinski H. F.-W. , Seiden A. , Schumm B. , Cindro V. , Kramberger G. , Mandić I. , Mikuž M. , Zavrtanik M. , Arcidiacono R. , Cartiglia N. , Ferrero M. , Mandurrino M. , Sola V. , Staiano A. , Boscardin M. , Betta G.F. Della , Ficorella F. , Pancheri L. , Paternoster G.
Published: December 2022

Next generation Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGAD) produced by Hamamatsu photonics (HPK) and Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) were tested before and after irradiation with ~1MeV neutrons at the JSI facility in Ljubljana. Sensors were irradiated to a maximum 1-MeV equivalent fluence of 2.5E15 Neq/cm2. The sensors analysed in this paper are an improvement after the lessons learned from previous FBK and HPK productions that were already reported in precedent papers. The gain layer of HPK sensors was fine-tuned to optimize the performance before and after irradiation. FBK sensors instead combined the benefit of Carbon infusion and deep gain layer to further the radiation hardness of the sensors and reduced the bulk thickness to enhance the timing resolution. The sensor performance was measured in charge collection studies using β-particles from a 90Sr source and in capacitance-voltage scans (C-V) to determine the bias to deplete the gain layer. The collected charge and the timing resolution were measured as a function of bias voltage at -30C. Finally a correlation is shown between the bias voltage to deplete the gain layer and the bias voltage needed to reach a certain amount of gain in the sensor. HPK sensors showed a better performance before irradiation while maintaining the radiation hardness of the previous production. FBK sensors showed exceptional radiation hardness allowing a collected charge up to 10 fC and a time resolution of 40 ps at the maximum fluence.
Performance Studies of the ATLASpix HV-MAPS Prototype for Different Substrate Resistivities
Authors: Kröger Jens
Published: December 2022

The ATLASpix high-voltage monolithic active pixel sensor (HV-MAPS) was designed as a technology demonstrator for the ATLAS ITk Upgrade and the CLIC tracking detector. In this contribution new results from laboratory-based energy calibration measurements using fluorescence X-rays are presented for the ATLASpix_Simple matrix. These findings are complemented by new results from test-beam studies with inclined tracks, in which the active charge collection depth is determined.
Instruments and methods for theranostic radioisotope production at the Bern medical cyclotron
Authors: Dellepiane G , Casolaro P , Häffner P D , Mateu I , Scampoli P , Voeten N , Zyaee E , Braccini S
Published: December 2022

Radioisotopes for theranostics are essential for nuclear medicine developments. Their production using solid target stations is challenging and new instruments and methods derived from particle physics are needed. A research program is ongoing at the 18 MeV Bern medical cyclotron, equipped with a solid target station and a 6 m long beam transfer line ending in a separate bunker. To irradiate 6 mm diameter compressed powder pellets, novel target “coins” were conceived and realized together with methods to assess the beam energy and the production cross sections. To measure the activity at End of Beam (EoB) a system based on a CdZnTe detector was installed. To accurately assess the properties of the beam, novel non-destructive one- and two-dimensional beam monitoring detectors were developed. An ultra-compact active irradiation system based on a novel magnetic lens and two-dimensional beam detectors was conceived and tested with the beamline and recently installed in an outport of the cyclotron.
A Proton Computed Tomography Demonstrator for Stopping Power Measurements
Authors: Ulrich-Pur Felix , Bergauer Thomas , Burker Alexander , Hirtl Albert , Irmler Christian , Kaser Stefanie , Pitters Florian
Published: December 2022

Particle therapy is an established method to treat deep-seated tumours using accelerator-produced ion beams. For treatment planning, the precise knowledge of the relative stopping power (RSP) within the patient is vital. Conversion errors from x-ray computed tomography (CT) measurements to RSP introduce uncertainties in the applied dose distribution. Using a proton computed tomography (pCT) system to measure the SP directly could potentially increase the accuracy of treatment planning. A pCT demonstrator, consisting of double-sided silicon strip detectors (DSSD) as tracker and plastic scintillator slabs coupled to silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) as a range telescope, was developed. After a significant hardware upgrade of the range telescope, a 3D tomogram of an aluminium stair phantom was recorded at the MedAustron facility in Wiener Neustadt, Austria. In total, 80 projections with 6.5 × 105 primary events were acquired and used for the reconstruction of the RSP distribution in the phantom. After applying a straight-line approximation for the particle path inside the phantom, the most probable value (MPV) of the RSP distribution could be measured with an accuracy of 0.59%. The RSP resolution inside the phantom was only 9.3% due to a limited amount of projections and measured events per projection.
Stand-alone Low Power Consumption FEE and DAQ for the Readout of Silicon Photomultipliers.
Authors: Cimmino Luigi , Ambrosino Fabio , Bonechi Lorenzo , Ciaranfi Roberto , D’Alessandro Raffaello , D’Errico Mariaelena , Masone Vincenzo , Saracino Giulio , Strolin Paolo
Published: December 2022

We developed a front end electronics (FEE) and data acquisition (DAQ) system with a low power consumption, especially intended for stand-alone applications in unattended environments without standard electricity supply. The system works autonomously thanks to dedicated algorithms that are embedded. The FEE is based on the EASIROC chip, designed for the readout of Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). It digitizes the amplitude of the signals and provides time information with time of flight capability. The trigger logic is programmable and physical and accidental coincidences rates can be measured. The SiPMs temperature is controlled by thermoelectric cells. Thanks to a network of temperature and humidity sensors, a real-time software sets the optimal operating point of the SiPMs depending on external conditions and if necessary halts the system to avoid damage to the electronics. The system has been used in several muon radiography experiments.
Underground muography with portable gaseous detectors
Authors: Hamar G , Surányi G , Varga D , Nyitrai G , Oláh L , Gera Á , Balogh Sz J , Barnaföldi G G
Published: December 2022

Muography is a novel imaging technology based on particle physics instrumentation to reveal density structure of hill-sized objects. The cosmic muon flux is attenuated while penetrating into the ground, thus the differential local flux correlates with the overburden density-length. Underground muography exploits the close-to-zenith flux, while main challenges became portability, low power consumption, and robustness against the out-of-the-laboratory environment. Various fields could benefit from this non-invasive imaging, eg. speleology, mining, archeology, or industry. Portable gaseous tracking detector systems have been designed, built, and successfully used in several underground locations. This paper presents the designed portable muography systems, the main requirements, and measurement campaigns for calibration, natural caves, and cultural heritage.
Simulation Verification and Testing of Dual Circular Polarization Diversity
Authors: Ji Haocong , Chen Ning , Zhao Peng , Tang Guoshun
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a test method of satellite communication based on dual circular polarization diversity. A polarized channel model is established based on two validated models to obtain the bit error rate curve of MIMO system. Moreover, the specific antennas are chosen through the simulation result of the cross-polar discrimination (XPD). Finally, a hardware platform with USRPE310 and polarized-antenna is established to verify the simulation result.
Research on defect detection and sorting device of curved label based on multi-template matching
Authors: Chen Si , Peng Yihang , Yi Ming
Published: December 2022

Label defects will affect word-of-mouth and sales of goods and bring consumers a bad consumption experience, so it is of great significance to detect label defects. In order to quickly and accurately detect the defects of the curved label and sort the defective products with label defects, the mechanical mechanism and control circuit of curved label defect detection and intelligent sorting device and the label defect method based on visual detection are studied. In the aspect of label defect detection, taking the label defect of a curved bottle as the detection target, using the method of multi-template matching, image acquisition is carried out on the curved label from multiple angles, multiple templates are made, the shape of the image is matched and compared with the established multiple templates in turn, and the highest matching score is taken as the final matching score. The statistical results of 600 surface label defect detection experiments show that this method’s accuracy is 96.5%. Using this method to detect the defects of curved bottle labels has a good effect, and the detection accuracy of curved labels with dense characters and patterns is very high.
Adaptive Not-direct-path Identification in UWB Localization
Authors: Lu Ziyu , Zuo Tao
Published: December 2022

In specific ultra-wideband (UWB) localization scenarios, conventional non-line-of-sight (NLOS) identification algorithm cannot detect other not-direct-path conditions. We proposed an adaptive not-direct-path identification method based on machine learning and artificial neural networks. Compared to the artificial division of not-direct-path data sets, we verified the advantages of data set partitioning by the method. The performance of NLOS recognition using different methods in different scenes is also analyzed, and the average identification accuracy in different scenarios can reach 92% or more.
OFDM Spectrum Sensing Analysis and Implementation Method
Authors: Liu Hao , Xia Yufan , Yu Haonan
Published: December 2022

OFDM is a carrier modulation technology, which realizes the parallel transmission of high-speed serial data through frequency division multiplexing. OFDM has an excellent ability to resist multipath fading and is commonly used in wireless communication transmission technology. Spectrum sensing technology is a technology that allows cognitive users to accurately obtain the authorized spectrum usage in wireless networks through signal detection and other processing methods. It is the basis for effectively using different idle channels in different time domains. This paper mainly discusses the OFDM technology, deduces the algorithm of the implementation principle and mathematical characteristics of OFDM, analyses its spectrum characteristics and performance advantages, focuses on the principle and method of OFDM spectrum sensing based on spectrum sensing technology, combs the characteristics of several existing commonly used OFDM spectrum sensing methods, and analyses the implementation cost, hardware requirements, transmission performance The performances of interference factors and other aspects are sorted out, the advantages and disadvantages of several existing OFDM spectrum sensing methods are compared, their respective applicable environments are compared, and their possible problems in the future development prospect of OFDM technology and the direction that needs further research and improvement are put forward.
Research on the Construction Method in Complex Electromagnetic Environment Based on Composite Signal
Authors: Zhu Zhijun , Sun Jiwei , Yang Jian , Li Chenyong , Su Dongchu , Qiang Lu
Published: December 2022

Based on new signal generation technologies such as vector signal modulation and arbitrary waveform editing and playback, the transmitter resources are multiplexed by each signal component at the same time or sharing time to generate flexible and dense composite signals and solve the problem of complex electromagnetic environment construction under the limited hardware.
Construction and Simulation of Lanchester Battle Equations Based on Space-based Information Support
Authors: Liu Yunzheng , Zhang Xiran , Du Hongfeng , Wang Gege , Zeng Dexian
Published: December 2022

Modern warfare is a joint operation supported by space-based information, and space-based information is a “benefit multiplier” for joint combat effectiveness. In order to study the impact of space-based information support on joint operations, this paper improves the classical Lanchester equation [1] by introducing the space-based information support capability index, coordination index, decision-making index, etc. The Lanchester combat model was simulated and a scenario simulation was carried out. The simulation results show that the model can effectively describe the important support of space-based information for joint operations, and provides a theoretical reference for studying the winning mechanism of joint operations.
A Miniaturized Broadband Omnidirectional Monopole Antenna Operating at UHF Band in Wireless Communication
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Zhao Chunqi , Yang Yang , Wang Ren , Zhang Zhaojing , Li Jialei
Published: December 2022

In the paper, a miniaturized broadband omnidirectional monopole antenna is designed. The two bending E-shaped structures are introduced into the common two-strip structure monopole antenna. The radiation patches can be effectively distributed on two sides of the dialectic body by four shorting pins. Thus, the proposed antenna has the function of miniaturization and integration. According to the introduced structures, the whole antenna has a smaller size of 318mm*12.2mm, which can improve a 34.2% integration degree. Finally, the present monopole antenna is manufactured, and the measured data shows that it has stable gains and good omnidirectional patterns from 463MHz to 513MHz.
Research and Simulation of OCDM Switch Layer Based on 2D WDM-Optical Code Switching Structure
Authors: Dong Tengfei , Meng Lin , Wang Jing , Li Kan
Published: December 2022

Optical Communication is widely used in military and civilian backbone network communication, but due to the limitation of “electronic bottleneck”, the ability of network nodes to process information and optical layer data transmission capacity is seriously mismatched, which directly causes optical cross connectors in optical nodes. The number of ports carried has skyrocketed. In order to improve the processing speed of network nodes, this paper studies the four-layer multi-granularity switching system of optical fiber, wavelength band, wavelength, and optical code, and finally builds a complete OCDMA system through simulation software, simulates multi-user simulation, and successfully realizes The encoding and decoding process is analyzed, and the performance simulation and analysis of the core switching module of the four-layer multi-layer optical switching system-OCDM switching module are carried out, and the feasibility and superiority of the selected system are verified.
Electric field characteristics of shared towers and electric field distribution characteristics near 5G base stations
Authors: Huang Huan , Hong Xiao Yan , Li Bin , Liu Lei , Yu Siwu , Mao Xianyin , Peng Chi , Du Hao
Published: December 2022

With the continuous promotion of domestic 4G network construction and the gradual arrival of 5G networks, the requirements of mobile communication networks on capacity and coverage are constantly improving, and the number of communication base stations is also increasing. Therefore, the “shared tower” with the function of a communication base station added to the existing high-voltage transmission line tower is becoming a new resource-sharing mode. There is no systematic study on the installation location of the shared tower base station on the high-voltage tower, which is not conducive to the application and promotion of “shared tower”. In this paper, the finite element simulation model of the tower installed with the base station is built. The electric field distribution near the tower with the base station, the electric field distribution characteristics under different base station installation quantities and different positions of the base station are mainly studied, and the electric field distribution near the surface of the base station is obtained. Combined with the electrical safety distance limit of communication equipment and iron tower, the influence of the installation location and quantity of the base station on the electric field near the base station is evaluated.
User multi-scenario energy storage configuration and operation strategy
Authors: Zhou Bin , Zhou Zhiqiang , Zheng Yunfei , Gong Qing
Published: December 2022

With the transformation of China’s energy consumption side, users’ energy demand will become more diversified and comprehensive, and the coupling degree of energy consumption systems such as cold, heat, and electricity will deepen day by day. Among them, the energy storage system will play an important role in comprehensive energy service. Using energy storage equipment on the users’ side can significantly improve the utilization rate of renewable energy, realize peak shaving and valley filling, and thus reduce the energy cost of the system. User-side residential and commercial scenarios have different load characteristics and face different energy storage configuration requirements. Therefore, this paper studies the operation optimization strategy of multi-scenario energy storage configuration on the user side, studies the definition and constraints of the state of charge of electric energy storage for residential areas, and establishes the configuration and operation model of electric energy storage.
Research on Intelligent Anti-misoperation of Operation Ticket in Urban Distribution Network
Authors: Zhang Peng , Xu Yutao , Yue Xi , Li Changjun , Yang Xiaohui
Published: December 2022

The traditional anti-mischeck mode of regulation and control operation relying on the experience of dispatchers can no longer meet the needs of daily work. To solve the problems of poor actual operation effect and low anti-misoperation efficiency of the traditional anti-misoperation method due to the large number of tasks of the current distribution network, this paper optimizes the traditional anti-misoperation method and takes the distribution network of M power supply company as an example to design a new intelligent anti-misapplication method of operation ticket. First of all, this paper uses intelligent distribution network maintenance technology to overhaul the distribution network operation ticket application server in an all-round way. Based on real-time analytical constraints, combined with the power supply demand of urban distribution networks, this paper designs an intelligent anti-misoperation constraint mechanism for operation tickets. The experimental analysis shows that after the application of the proposed anti-error method, the qualified rate of the operation order scheduling tasks is more than 95. 6% and the error rate is less than 1. 1%, which shows that the anti-error method proposed in this paper has significant advantages and high feasibility.
Application in Dynamic Stabilization System of Matrix Eigenvalue Estimation Based on Iterative Algorithm
Authors: Hu Zhiying
Published: December 2022

The role of matrix eigenvalue in engineering technology and dynamic process and the necessity of eigenvalue estimation are described. Jury criterion and iterative recursion method are used to estimate the magnitude of matrix eigenvalue modulus, at last extending the application of eigenvalue to the discrete dynamic system.
EEG Emotion Classification and Correlation Research Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Li Zhengping , Xia Hongsheng , Wang Lijun
Published: December 2022

In the classification of EEG emotions, the improvement of the generalization performance of deep learning networks is particularly important for the information extraction of EEG raw signals. In this paper, we use label smoothing (LS) as a regularization method to improve the generalization performance of the network by alleviating the overfitting of the network. The method is evaluated on the DEAP (Database for Emotion Analysis using Physiological signals) dataset, and the differences in emotion classification in different brain regions are compared. The experimental results show that our method has improved the generalization performance of the network, increasing the mean accuracy by 1.34% in the arousal dimension and 2.28% in the valence dimension.
Anomaly Detection of Distribution Network Based on Adversarial Dual Autoencoder
Authors: Chen Yu , Luo Wang , Hao Yunhe , Jiang Houming
Published: December 2022

Anomaly detection on attributed graphs aims to identify individuals or groups whose patterns deviate significantly from most samples, which is very important for internet security, power system, and other applications. Especially in the power system, the energy flow pattern of the distribution network is very similar to the graph topological constraints. Taking each equipment and bus as nodes and the relevant electrical measurement data as attributes, the distribution network fault location problem is mapped to the anomaly detection task on the attributed graph. The traditional GNN-based anomaly detection algorithm for distribution networks has some problems, such as over-smoothing and inefficient embedding learning. To solve the problem of anomaly detection in the distribution network, an anomaly detection algorithm based on adversarial dual autoencoder (DGAE_GAN) is proposed, which is composed of a structural encoder and attribute encoder based on residual connection GAT. Through joint learning, the attributed graph is mapped to the low-dimensional space, and the decoders reconstruct the attributed graph. Then, a discriminator is invited to learn the sample similarity, and the game strategy can effectively alleviate the over-smoothing problem. Finally, the anomaly node detection task is realized by calculating the reconstruction errors from both the structure and attribute levels. We conducted multiple experiments on three real-world datasets, and the IEEE standard example shows that our proposed model is superior to the existing methods.
SERs of Different Modulation Systems in 1G-4G
Authors: Chen Zhenxiang , Ding Yining , Ruan Luying
Published: December 2022

The Digital sub-band system is an indispensable technology for the development of modern society, which has a wide range of applications. This work is particularly concerned with developing applications for modulation techniques used in mobile communication. Based on MATLAB, this paper compared the modulation and demodulation of 2ASK, 2FSK, 2PSK, and QPSK horizontally and analysed the practical and theoretical error rates. With the constellation maps of 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, and 256QAM, the relationship between the error rate and the signal-to-noise ratio was studied. In binary modulation systems, 2PSK has the best noise resistance and requires 6dB less SNR than 2ASK when employing the same demodulation approach. In addition, this paper outlined the technologies and modulation standards employed in the development of 1G-4G. To make the comparison clearer, the advantage, disadvantages, and modulation comparisons among 1G-5G are displayed. The analysis and research of digital sub-band modulation technology is the basis for developing new technology in the future.
Conformal Antenna Design for Smart Swimming Goggles Surface
Authors: Wu Qiheng , Chen Wencong , Li Xingyan , Xin Dawei , Wang Shuai , Zhai Baojin
Published: December 2022

Based on the irregular undevelopable surface of the smart swimming goggles, an electric dipole conformal antenna array is proposed in this article. Through the simulation of the conformal antenna, the beam scanning area of the conformal antenna array is studied to achieve a wider radiation range. In addition, the signal strength loss of the conformal antenna in the underwater environment is discussed, and the monitoring method based on the signal strength is proposed, which is helpful for the positioning monitoring of the swimming goggles to achieve risk prevention and control of children drowning.
Heterogeneous communication network planning based on ant colony algorithm in smart grid
Authors: Lu Jiangang , Zheng Wenjie , Zhao Ruifeng , Zeng Kaiwen , Qiu Shuwen , Yang Ting
Published: December 2022

With the development of smart grids, highly automated power systems increasingly rely on communication networks, and research on the reliability, safety, and economy of heterogeneous communication networks is particularly important. Traditional network planning methods do not take into account network load problems, resulting in serious network congestion and long delays. Aiming at the above problems, this paper proposes a heterogeneous communication network planning method for a smart grid based on an improved ant colony algorithm. This method improves the original ant colony algorithm by updating the pheromone concentration of the network node in real time and realizes the planning of heterogeneous communication networks in the smart grid. Simulation results show that the proposed method has the advantages of avoiding local network congestion, reducing the average delay, and improving network stability.
Distribution Network-Oriented Distributed Energy Storage Optimization Planning and Economic Quantitative Evaluation
Authors: Gong Qing , Zhao Lu , Fan Li
Published: December 2022

Distributed energy storage can provide node support for energy consumption, but there are still some shortcomings in the formulation of technical standards and overall development planning. Due to the current cost of electric energy storage, it is difficult to give full play to the advantages of energy storage application under the current electricity price mechanism and favorable policy conditions. From the perspective of external support and technical methods for electric energy storage, this paper studies the typical application mode and comprehensive quantitative evaluation of distributed energy storage in the distribution network and takes the actual operation scheme as a verification case.
Construction of Safety Evaluation Model for Distribution Network with Distributed Generation
Authors: Zhang Xiaojuan , Yu Liangyan , Liu Yue , Du Tong , Li Xuan
Published: December 2022

With the continuous change in urban power demand, many problems in the urban power system are exposed, and distribution network planning is one of the more prominent ones. In the operation of the distribution network, the access of distributed generation will have a certain degree of impact on power quality, relay protection, current protection of the distribution network, and energy consumption loss. Therefore, in order to improve the evaluation accuracy of the distribution network security evaluation model, obtain a more realistic situation evaluation value, and expand the overall evaluation scope, this paper constructs the distribution network operation security evaluation model under distributed generation access. Firstly, the subjective weight of evaluation is determined, and the evaluation index system of the power grid operation security situation is designed under the background of power access. Secondly, the multi-source extension fuzzy evaluation matrix is constructed, and the model is established by comprehensive weighting processing. Finally, the test experiment is carried out. The test results show that compared with the traditional power grid operation security evaluation model, the power grid situation evaluation value obtained by the distribution network operation security evaluation model constructed in this paper is relatively high. This shows that the model has a good evaluation effect on the operation security of the distribution network, with high evaluation authenticity and small error, and has a high practical application value.
Health state prediction of lithium-ion batteries based on XGBoost algorithm
Authors: Bai Ju-qi , Xian Yan-hua
Published: December 2022

The state of health of lithium-ion batteries is an extremely important indicator for the safe operation of electrical equipment. In order to solve the problem that the capacity of Li-ion batteries is difficult to measure online, this paper proposes an online method based on the XGBoost algorithm to estimate the state of health (SOH). First, health characteristics are extracted from the discharge voltage profile to characterise the capacity of the Li-ion battery. XGBoost is then used to predict SOH based on capacity drop. results show that the proposed method is able to estimate SOH with a root mean square error of less than 1.2% respectively. Furthermore, the proposed method was used for model training and prediction in less than 1 second.
Adsorption and Reduction of Heavy Metal Cr (VI) by Enterobacter cloacae SKD and Its Kinetics
Authors: Sui Yewei , Lu Hongsheng , Hu Zhenhua , Zhang Cuijing
Published: December 2022

Chromium contamination is one of the most common heavy metal pollutants. Degradation of highly toxic Cr(VI) by microbial remediation technology can open up a new way for environmentally friendly and efficient chromium pollution control. The adsorption and reduction kinetics of Cr(VI) by Enterobacter cloacae SKD were studied by the adsorption and reduction experiments of Cr(VI) by Enterobacter cloacae SKD. The mechanism of adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI) by Enterobacter cloacae SKD was revealed, and the characteristics of adsorption and reduction were determined. The results showed that the R2 value of the Langmuir model of chromium adsorption by Enterobacter cloacae SKD was 0.989, which was higher than the R2 value of the Freundlich model of 0.656, and the adsorption isotherm model was more consistent with the Langmuir model. Enterobacter cloacae SKD conformed to the second-order adsorption kinetic model, which indicated that the adsorption of Cr(VI) by Enterobacter cloacae was mainly chemical adsorption. The reduction kinetics of Cr(VI) is more in line with the second-order kinetic model. Through the study of the heavy metal chromium adsorption reduction mechanism, the theoretical basis was provided for the practical application of the late heavy metal chromium pollution organism restoration.