bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Incisor Index as a Forensic Tool in Gendural Dimorphism – A Study in South Indian Population
Authors: S.Prasanna  , L.S.Makesh Raj  , P.Sai Krishna  , V.Jai Santhosh Manikandan  , Srikant.N
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Forensic odontology plays a vital role in investigation and presenting the dental evidencesto the court of law. The challenges that are encountered by the forensic odontologist are identifying theindividual which includes certain characteristic features to define an individual. Gendural dimorphismmeans systemic difference in form (shape or size) between individual of different genders in the samespecies. Teeth being considered as one of the stable part which can withstand any environmental changeseven after death of an individual in situations where there are minimal supporting evidences. Odontometricsis the field involving measurements of a tooth.Aim and Objective: This study aims in determining the sex of an individual using incisor index of maxillaryand mandibular arches as a tool in forensic investigation with brief review on literature.Material and Method: A total of 1200 permanent maxillary and mandibular teeth from 150 study modelswith an age range of 18 – 25 yrs were measured using manual divider and scale. The Incisor index (Ii) wasanalysed by using the formula as given by Aitchison (1964). The values were noted separately for maxillaryand mandibular dental arches with regards to central and lateral incisor and these data were subjected forstatistical analysis.Result: Maximum mesio-distal dimension of the all the incisors (maxillary and mandibular) were higher inmales than females. Incisor index of maxilla was higher in female when compared to male which was notstatistically significant. The Incisor index of mandible was higher in male when compared to females whichwas also statistically non-significant.
Indonesian National Social Security Management Law Problematics with the Enabling of Law Number 40 of 2004 Concerning a National Social Security System
Authors: Nurrochmah Ihayani I  , Nurul Istiqomah S H  , Sitti Nursanti  , Budi Pramono
Published: September 2021

This study discusses legal problems that occur in the management of Indonesia’s national social securitywith the enactment of Law number 40 of 2004. This research is a normative legal research with a conceptualand statutory approach. This study uses the theory of Laurence M. Friedman as a knife of analysis that theproblem of managing national social security includes institutional structures, substance, the Healthcareand Social Security Agency and The National Social Security regulation and legal culture. It is hoped thatthe management of national social security will accelerate the transfer of management of the Savings Fundand Civil Servant Insurance Company and the Social Insurance of the Armed Forces of the Republic ofIndonesia Company, so that they do not have to wait up to 25 years.
Human Fatalities from Wild Elephant Attacks: A Fiveyear Autopsy-Based Study
Authors: Saptarshi Chatterjee  , Ranjan Biswas  , Tanmay Sardar  , Shobhan Roy
Published: September 2021

Background: Human-Elephant Conflict may take many forms, from crop raiding and infrastructuraldamage, to injury or death of humans or elephants. Conflicts or co-existence between human and wildlife ismostly attributed to the loss, degradation, and fragmentation of wildlife habitats through human activitieslike logging, animal husbandry, agricultural expansion, and development projects. The present study isconducted to study the prevalence of fatal wild elephant attacks, the socio-demographic profiles of thevictims along with their nature of injuries and the risk factors associated with these conflicts.Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, which was conducted by analysing 41 cases of fatalHuman-Elephant Conflicts, which attended to B.S. Medical College Police Mortuary between 2015 to 2019.Conclusion: Authors feel that the blockage of elephant migratory routes, coupled with cultivation ofelephant preferred crops and scarcity of food in the forest in some season, inevitably attracts more humanelephantconflicts.
Delictological Approach to the Classification of Offenses: Theoretical and Legal Analysis Using the Example of Ukrainian Legislation
Authors: Sergey V. Petkov  , Veronika N. Shkabaro  , Oleh H. Bodnarchuk  , Igor E. Ivanov  , Oleksandr D. Kolomoiets
Published: September 2021

The article analyses the problem of the concepts of crime and offense definitions, considers legal issues oftheir set of facts; based on the analysis of constitutional, administrative and criminal legislation, the criteriato differentiate offenses from homogeneous crimes are proposed; scientific views of lawyers are analysed;legislation improvement of the post-Soviet republics in delictology are proposed.
Homesickness, Anxiety and Depression among Pakistani International Students in Indonesia during Covid-19 Outbreak
Authors: Shahzad Shoukat  , Cyuzuzo Callixte  , Theresia Indah Budhy  , Jusak Nugraha  , Tuyishimire Irene
Published: September 2021

Introduction: International students are exposed to multiple mental health crisis due to social, environmentaland culture shocks in foreign lands but it gets worse in presence of life- threatening disease outbreak. Thisresearch was conducted to evaluate the homesickness, anxiety and depression among Pakistani internationalstudents in Indonesia during Covid-19 Outbreak. Methods: This study was conducted on 86 randomstudents that are pursuing their studies in different public and private universities in Indonesia. The datawere collected by distributing google forms via email and social media groups and the responses fromthe respondents were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results: The study findings revealed that thereis a correlation between Covid-19 pandemic and the development of various mental health crisis where33 students (38.37 %) developed homesickness, 11 students (12.79%) developed anxiety and 2 students(2.33 %) manifested low-grade depression. Homesickness was outstandingly observed in females (72.72%) whereas anxiety was highly reported in males (90.90%).The study findings demonstrated that there isa strong negative correlation between student financial statuses and the development of homesickness (r:-0.977, P: 0.023) and anxiety (r: -0.944, P: 0.056).Conclusion: All in all, the fear to contract coronavirus,lockdowns, financial instability, death toll of citizens and medical professionals, run out of medical facilitiesand social media hoaxes are significant risk factors of mental health crisis among Pakistani internationalstudents in Indonesia.
Determination the Relationship between (KLF14 rs972283) Genotype and Type 2 Diabetes in a Sample of Iraqi Patients
Authors: Shaimaa Abbas Dawood  , Mohammed Ibrahim Nader
Published: September 2021

This study was aimed to detect KLF14 gene polymorphism in Iraqi type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM)to found the correlation between the SNP (rs972283) polymorphism in KLF14 gene and lipid metabolismand impact on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The result show high Significant differencewas observed in FBS level (P<0.001) in patient group (172.9 ± 79.73) and in control (81.16 ± 7.18),).Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol and VLDL-Cholesterol mean level value in diabetic patients was significantlyhigher than those of control group (p<0.0001), serum HDL-Cholesterol mean value was significantlydifference (P<0.05) in serum mean level of HDL between T2DM patients and healthy controls. Real timePCR (HRM) RT-PCR were used to detect SNP (rs972283) in KLR14 gene (G>A) by using specific primers,as a related with SNP (rs972283) G>A in KLF14 gene, genotypes and alleles frequencies, odds ratios,95% confidence intervals and P values for the KLF14 gene In this study, statistical analyses of genotypicfrequencies for the KLF14 (rs972283) revealed significant difference between T2DM patients and controlsin the examined population. GG genotype was significantly (P = 0.0006) more frequent in the patient group.The observed G/G, A/G, and A/A genotype frequencies were 50%, 42%, and 8%, respectively.The A (wildtype)and G (variant) allele frequencies were 29% and 71% , respectively in patient group while the observedG/G, A/G, and A/A genotype frequencies were 22%, 48%, and 30, respectivelyand the A (wild-type) , G(variant) allele frequencies were 54% and 46%, respectively in control group (P <0.0003). GG genotype wassignificantly (P = 0.0006) more frequent in the patient group, Conclusion: There was a relationship betweenpolymorphism of KLF14 gene SNP (rs972283) and the incidence of T2DM in sample of Iraqi patients.
Theoretical Study of Cyclohexane -1,2-Diamine-Oxalate- Platinum Metal Complex and Comparing with Experimental Data: DFT Calculations
Authors: Shakir D. Al-Saeedi  , Hamid Ibrahim Abbood  , Wisam ShareefIrzooqi
Published: September 2021

Theoretical studies for calculating the molecular structure and electronic properties of Cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-oxalate- platinum metal complex by using density functional theory (DFT) for get electronicproperties and time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) for get excited state with B3LYP-SDDbasis sets at the Gaussian 09 of programs. The electronic states of the system have been calculated dependon Koopmans’ theorem.The results showed that the excitation energies of oxaliplatinum lie in the UV region of electromagneticradiation with very high biological reactivity, where The absorption spectra of complex recorded withwavelength (344.69nm), oscillator strength (0.0002). From calculations of the HOMO - LUMO energies,energy gap, hardness and softness, all this results showed oxaliplatinum are more soft and can easily interactwith enzymes because the enzymes are big soft molecules. Thus, the optimized geometry shows a goodagreement with the experimental results.
Trend of Sex Related Crimes in Varanasi District
Authors: Shashank Shekhar Jha  , Manoj Kumar Pathak
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Sexual harassment and sexual assault both rely on dehumanizing the intended victims. Sexualviolence is a significant cause of physical and psychological harm and suffering for women and children.The Indian Penal Code (IPC) is the crucial criminal code of India.Material and Method: Consent of the victim and accused was taken prior to examination. In case of minor,the consent from his/her parents or legal guardian was taken. SAFE (Sexual Assault Forensic Evidence) kitwas used for sample collection from sexual assault victims and accused.Observation and Result: This study includes cases 160 victims of sexual assault.Conclusion: The present study, being a pioneer one, is relevant in the context of crime against women ofall age groups in the Eastern U.P., especially of Varanasi district in socio-demographic and medico-legalparadigms. The government must set up a special unit that recruits officers specifically to deal with sexualoffences, and create easy access to doctors, forensic experts, rape survivors and psychologists.
Effect of Ammivisnagawater Extract Compared to Proximol (Halfa Bar Extract) in Treatment of induced Renal Lithiasis in a Mature Female Rabbit
Authors: Shatha Mahdi Younis  , Abdulrazaq N. Khudair  , Asia Selman. Abdullah
Published: September 2021

Nowadays people worldwide uses several medicinal plants especially for curing urinary lithiasis.Ammivisnagais extensively distributed medicinal plant used for management of numerous diseases including urinarylithiasis.Cymbopogonproximus or called Halfa-bar suggested for use in medicine for the ejection of uretericand renal calculi.Ammivisnagaand Halfa-barfound in Asia and several parts of the world. This study aimedat investigating and comparing both Ammivisnaga and Halfa-barextracts for their antiurolithicactivityusing a mature female rabbit. Forty-two rabbits randomly divided into four groups.Group A negativecontrol, group Bpositive control (chemically induced urolithiasis),group Clike group B but treated withAmmivisnaga extract 5 ml orally twice daily for 2 weeks and group Dlike group B but treated with Proximol(Halfa Bar extract) 5 ml twice daily for 2 weeks also.GC-MS analysis of alcoholic extract of AmmiVisnagarevealed the detection of main alkaloids Khellin, Visnagin, adulicin and enidimine, withothercompoundsinlower quantity. The results show that group of induced urinary lithiasis for 14 days and 21 days showedclear body weight loss, higher consumption of drinking water and increased morning urine excretion. Inaddition to significant increase of blood urea, uric acid, serum creatinine and calcium levels.After 14 daysof treatment with AmmiVisnaga extract and proximol we noticed reversed body weight loss and overcomelow blood urea, serum uric acid, creatinine and calcium. Furthermore,urinary lithiasisgroups showed clearcrystallization compared to the control urine samples, but after 14 days treatment with AmmiVisnaga andproximol extracts, there was nearly clearance of the urine and disappearance of the crystals from the urine.In conclusion, AmmiVisnaga and Proximol are safe and good diuretic herbs causes improvement in the bodyweight, high clearance in urine crystals and amelioration in kidney function compared to untreated group.
Evolution of Electronic Root Canal Length Measurement Device -A Literature Review
Authors: Shivangi Shekhar  , P.Laxmish Mallya
Published: September 2021

Summary: An electronic apex locator(EAL) is a device used to measure the working length (WL) of theroot canal space(RCS) and proved to be a great help to the endodontist reducing radiation exposure ofboth patients and clinicians and providing accurate reading for the WL. Evolution of different generationsof EAL helped to eradicate the shortcomings of the previous generations providing precise measurementof the WL. Electronic Apex locators are used to detect any perforations, furcation involvement, also usedto detect horizontal fractures, also to detect internal or external resorption. With so many uses, it is stillcontraindicated in patients with pace makers and inaccurate reading in canals with common irrigants likeEthylenediamine tetraacetic acid and sodium hypochlorite. It requires dry or partially dry canals to givereadings with accuracy. It also gives inaccurate reading in the presence of semi-conductive materials andhence the canals should be free of them. Though it provides almost precise measurement of the WL it cannotbe replaced with radiographs but can be used as an adjunct with it. Pre- and post-operative radiographs arestill necessary for the success of the endodontic treatment as it provides an idea for any periapical lesionand degree of curvature of roots. Acceptance of an electronic apex locator to determine the correct WLhas still not gained approval worldwide. Lack of exposure to the technology by the operator, inadequateknowledge of the root canal anatomy and cost of the instrument are also the factors for it not gainingworldwide acceptance.
Professional Socialization among Nursing Students
Authors: Sruthi M  , Aleena Baiju  , Swathi Krishna T P
Published: September 2021

Objective : The objectives of our study is to determine the professional socialization among nursing students,to find out the association between professional socialization and demographic characteristics and to findthe subgroup comparison of level of professional socialization among outgoing batch students and first yearB.Sc. nursing studentsMethodology: A descriptive study was conducted among all four years of nursing students of a privatenursing college. Nursing students who meet the inclusion criteria (357) were selected using purposivesampling.Results: The majority of the students are ‘Experts’ in maintaining professional socialization. But in thesubgroup comparison of level of Professional socialization among the final year students with first yearshowed a 1.1% less in ‘Expert’ category. The results showed a significant association of level of professionalsocialization with ‘Gender’, ‘Mode of Admission’ and ‘Reason for selecting nursing as a profession’Conclusion: The need for developing professional socialization has to be considered at the most priority.The results of this study shows the need for introducing new plans to make sure that the students level ofsocialization
Management of Urolithiasis in Cat with Special Diets
Authors: Steven Taufic Leo  , Lita Rakhma Yustinasari  , Juliano Mwenda Ntoruru
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The current study is focused on the treatment of a cat with urolithiasis. The main goal is tohelp provide a greater understanding of how to treat the cat with special diets.Case Description: Struvite urolithiasis was found in a 3-year-old female domestic short-haired cat withthe complaint of straining for a week during urination. Ultrasonographs indicated the existence of twocalculi in the bladder that were also detected by radiographic examination (7 mm in diameter each). Bladderstones were getting smaller by dissolution diets therapy. In this case, the cat was treated by melox 1.5 mg/ml (dosage 0.1 mg/kgBW) for 14 days, tramadol for 28 days (2mg/kg BW) and also special diets (struvite).Conclusion: After a month treatment,the stones were almost cannot be seen radiographically. This reportdescribes a cat with urolithiasis case which was successfully treated with special diets for struvite withoutany surgery.
Electro-acupuncture Combined with Medical Treatment for Successful Management of Legs Paralysis in a Dog
Authors: Steven TauficLeo  , LitaRakhma Yustinasari  , Juliano Mwenda Ntoruru
Published: September 2021

A 5-year-old Siberian Husky female dog was referred with concerned maggots and legs paralysis.The dogwas examined clinically and radiographically. Shewas positive of E. canisand Anaplasma. Major clinical signshowed thedog unable to lift the body. Neurological exam was performed, deep pain on all limbs were delayed.The dog got wound treatment and electro-acupuncturethrough perpendicular insertion into acupuncturepoints: BL-23, BL-26, BL-40, BL-60, ST-36, and LIV-3for 20 minutes/day, 70 Hz and 5A,continuously,for 15 daysand then reduce to 3 times/week.Significant improvements were observed,finally the dog beingrecovered.Thiscase showed favorable therapeutic response by alternative treatment.
Screening of Healthy Women Using Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid For Detection of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Suchitra A Rati  , Jayashree Pujari
Published: September 2021

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and second mostcommon cancer in developing and under developing Nations. the higher incidence of cervical cancer indeveloping countries is mainly because of lack of resources ,lack of effective screening technologies andpoorly organized health care delivery in the rural areaObjective: To determine the prevalence of cervical precancerous lesion among healthy womenMaterials and Methods: The study was conducted for 600 Healthy women who were selected by usingpurposive sampling technique .the prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion was assessed by VisualInspection with acetic acid and the data was analyzed by using inferential and descriptive statistical methodsResult: It was also observed that prevalence of cervical Precancerous lesions in healthy women was 5.0%.It means that 30(5.0%) out of 600 healthy women had risk of cervical precancerous lesions in this presentstudy. Among the study samples who suspected to be positive, off them 10(3.3%) had two or less quadrantinvolved, and 5 (1.7%) had three quadrants involved, About action taken 30(5.0%) were referred forconfirmation, 230(38.3%) followed up after 3 years, 340(56.7%) had referred medical treatment and VIAtest after six monthsThe study result shows that Reveals that prevalence of cervical Precancerous lesionswas highly associated with visual examination findings such as cervicitis, white discharge, and abnormalfindings .Conclusion: The study results conclude that VIA test can be used as a alternative screeningtechnique for early diagnosis of precancerous lesion among women at low resource setting
A Study on Patient Satisfactionin a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital Mysore
Authors: Sujay Mugaloremutt Jayadeva  , Harshith.N
Published: September 2021

As it’s effortless to enumerate the physical values of the company’s products, as well asthe services, evenso the perceptions of the customeraresomething that really resolves a company’s brand appraisement in amarketplace.Patient satisfaction finds to be crucial for any hospital it not only brings good image to thehospital,but also gives a strong satisfaction and trust for the patient towards the hospitals,this research wascarried out mainly to assess the perceptions of healthcare satisfaction among the patients.100 patients weretaken as sample size in this study and the study was carried out. The data were obtainedfrom the patients bycollecting their reviews based on the questionnaire.Results suggested that a majority of the patients requiredcustomer services as their first preference and also there were only 6 patients who gave the scale of 10 forsatisfaction. so the study concludes that there should be measures taken by the hospital inorder to increasethe patient satisfaction towards the hospital services
Success Rate of Intact Canal Wall Tympanoplasty in Safe Type of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media’ Patients
Authors: Sukma Nisa Janitra  , Artono
Published: September 2021

Background: Surgical therapy for chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is by tympanoplasty with orwithout mastoidectomy. The purpose of surgery is to eradicate the source of infection. Success indicatorsof tympanoplasty are achieving dry ears without recurrent otorrhea, myringoplasty, and an increase in thehearing threshold.Objectives: is to know the success rate of intact canal wall tympanoplasty in safe type CSOM patients.Methods: Retrospective descriptive was used in this study. All safe-type of CSOM patients undergoing intactcanal wall tympanoplasty surgery from January to December 2018 at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital were usedas the participant data.Results : There were 32 participants, divided into a higher proportion of males than females (ratio 1.1:1). The characteristics of the participants included; the most age group were 21-30 years (37.50%), originoutside Surabaya (59.37%), and high school education level (62.50%). Most perforations were subtotal(40.63%) and hearing loss was conduction (62.50%). Apparently, 56.25% were patent Eustachian tubes,90.63% were sclerotic mastoid Schuller photographs, and 62.50% were granulation tympanic cavity findings.Additionally, 78.13% were performed tympanoplasty type 1. The results of postoperative eradication showeddry ears (84.38%) and successful of myringoplasty (71.88%). The mean increase in the hearing threshold forAC, BC, and ABG after surgery was 15.98 dB, 4.57 dB, and 11.40 dB.Conclusion: The results of eradication after intact canal wall tympanoplasty were mostly dry ears, successfulmyringoplasty, and an increase in the mean hearing threshold of AC, BC, and ABG.
Estimation of Height from Foot Measurement in Kalaburagi District
Authors: Sunilkumar C.A  , Santosh Garampalli
Published: September 2021

Estimation of height of a person plays an important role in identification of a person which is necessary incriminal cases and as well as in mass disasters where only a portion or a part of body may be seen. The presentstudy was carried out on the measurement of foot length and body height of 342 students (170males and172 females) of 05 to 30 years of age. Anthropometric measurements were taken by using anthropometricinstruments in centimeter to the nearest millimeter. All the measurements were taken in a well lighted room.Obtained data was analysed for correlation coefficient and to derive a regression formula betweenfoot length and height of an individual. A medium correlation of height was observed with foot length andit was statistically significant. The present study would be useful for anthropologists and forensic experts
FORMATION OF PATRIOTIC CONCEPTS IN CHILDREN OF PREPARATION AGE THROUGH COMPLEX ACTIVITIES
Authors:   Professor Preschool Education Technology Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan, Babayeva Dono
Published: September 2021

This article discusses the formation of patriotic concepts in children of preparation age through complex activities. A distinctive feature of the development of preschool children's ideas about the homeland is that children may be aware of the fact of the existence of certain objects and events, but can not relate to them, that is, be indifferent to them. The child is not always able to see the moral principle in the environment independently, because many of the objects in it are neutral to the child's emotional life, if they have nothing to do with his life, a clear emotional attitude of adults is manifested. It is important for researchers to conclude that the entire education system should be focused on forming a positive assessment of emotions and attitudes using this knowledge.
PREPARING A TEACHER FOR INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES AS A MECHANISM FOR UPDATING PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION
Authors:   Dsc Nukus State Pedagogical Institute Named After Ajiniyaz, Uzbekistan, Karlibaeva Guljakhon
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the issues of enhancing the learning process, increasing the efficiency of the lesson using innovative methods necessary in the future and professional activities of future physics teachers.
APPLICATION OF NATIONAL MOVEMENT GAMES IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES
Authors:   Lecturer, Scientific And Methodological Provision Of Physical Education And Sports Specialists Under The Ministry Of Physical Training And Sports Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, B.P. Pardayev
Published: September 2021

This article provides a range of information and guides on how to teach movement games to schoolchildren of all ages and ensure their effective and healthy growth. In addition, teachers were instructed to organize different movement games for different classes of students from time to time during the lesson.
THE SYSTEM OF PROTECTION OF STUDENTS FROM INTERNAL THREATS
Authors:   Teacher, Termez State University, Uzbekistan, Jumaeva Hulkarhon Muhammadjanovna , Makhmudov Yusufkhon Ganievich ,   Ph.D., Professor, Termez State University, Uzbekistan
Published: September 2021

The article focuses on the pedagogical system of protecting students from internal threats. Objective information about the social health of students, as well as the need for a qualitatively new approach to solving problems in the field of spiritual support for its comprehensive development and the "cleansing" of the spiritual environment of young people. Today, students are shown the skills, knowledge and competencies to prepare for professional activities, to develop immunity to internal threats. The components of the structure of protection of students from internal threats: purposefulness, initiative, patriotism, conviction, willpower, responsibility and conscientiousness are claimed. The lexical meanings of these components are also covered.
Decreased preparatory activation and inattention to cues suggest lower activation of proactive cognitive control among high procrastinating students
Authors: Wiwatowska Ewa , Czajeczny Dominik , Michałowski Jarosław M.
Published: September 2021

Procrastination is a voluntary delay in completing an important task while being aware that this behavior may lead to negative outcomes. It has been shown that an increased tendency to procrastinate is associated with deficits in some aspects of cognitive control. However, none of the previous studies investigated these dysfunctions through the lenses of the Dual Mechanisms Framework, which differentiates proactive and reactive modes of control. The present study was designed to fill this gap, using behavioral and neurophysiological assessment during the completion of the AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT) by high (HP) and low (LP) procrastinating students (N = 139). Behavioral results indicated that HP (vs. LP) were characterized by increased attentional fluctuations (higher reaction time variability) and reduction in some indices of proactive cognitive control (lower d’-context and A-cue bias, but similar PBIs). Furthermore, the neurophysiological data showed that HP, compared with LP, allocated less attentional resources (lower P3b) to cues that help to predict the correct responses to upcoming probes. They also responded with reduced preparatory activity (smaller CNV) after cues presentation. The two groups did not differ in neural responses linked to conflict detection and inhibition (similar N2 and P3a). Obtained findings indicate that HP might present deficits in some cognitive functions that are essential for effective proactive control engagement, along with preserved levels of reactive cognitive control. In the present paper, we discuss the potential neural and cognitive mechanisms responsible for the observed effects.
Marco de evaluación de los sistemas de información de una organización manufacturera
Authors: Puche Regaliza Julio César , Costas Gual José , De la Fuente García David , Puente García Javier , Fernández Quesada Isabel
Published: September 2021

El propósito de este trabajo es desarrollar un marco de evaluación de los sistemas de información en una organización manufacturera siguiendo el Viable System Model y el paradigma Lean Manufacturing. Desarrollamos los puntos clave para tal evaluación examinando las necesidades de los agentes de la organización, la conversión de tales necesidades en requerimientos para disponer de datos, la transformación de datos en información, la toma de decisiones basada en conocimiento, la evaluación del rendimiento y la orientación de los esfuerzos de cambio.
Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe3O4 nanoparticle clusters
Authors: Wang Xue , Xuan Lili , Pan Ying
Published: September 2021

Melanoma is one of the deadliest forms of cancer, for which therapeutic regimens are usually limited by the development of resistance. Here, we fabricated the Fe3O4 nanoparticle clusters (NPCs) that have drawn widespread attention and investigated their role in the treatment of melanoma by photothermal therapy (PTT). Transmission electron microscopy imaging shows that our synthesized NPCs are spherically shaped with an averaged diameter of 329.2 nm. They are highly absorptive at the near-infrared 808 nm wavelength and efficient at converting light into local heat. In vitro experiments using light-field microscopy and MTT assay showed that Fe3O4 NPCs, in conjunction with near-infrared irradiation, effectively ablated A375 melanoma cells by inducing overt apoptosis. Consistently, in vivo studies using BALB/c mice found that intratumoral administration of Fe3O4 NPCs and concomitant in situ exposure to near-infrared light significantly inhibited growth of implanted tumor xenografts. Finally, we revealed, by experimental approaches including semi-quantitative PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry, the heat shock protein HSP70 to be upregulated in response to PTT, suggesting this chaperone protein could be a plausible underlying mechanism for the observed therapeutic outcome. Altogether, our results highlight the promise of Fe3O4 NPCs as a new PTT option to treat melanoma.
The importance of developing new mannan tests in the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in oncology patients
Authors: Kutsevalova O. Yu. , Kozel Yu. Yu. , Nifantiev N. E. , Antonets A. V. , Krylov V. B.
Published: September 2021

The regimens of anticancer therapy have been intensified and methods of high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) have been introduced for recent years which made it possible to achieve significant progress in the results of tumor treatments. Intensification of chemotherapy regimens in cancer patients leads to the emergence of risk factors of invasive candidiasis (IC) development: agranulocytosis, disruption of the integrity of the mucous membranes, prolonged use of CVC, repeated antibiotic therapy, long-term parenteral nutrition. Thus, intensification of anticancer therapy may be accompanied by an increase in infection-mediated mortality.IC is the most common invasive mycosis in Russia. More than 11 thousand cases of IC occur in our country every year. The frequency IC in Russia is 8.29 per 100 thousand of the population, which corresponds to the results of the LIFE study in European countries where this indicator varies from 2.2 to 11 per 100 thousand of the population. There are no clinical signs or symptoms specific for IC. It develops in patients with concomitant diseases, which significantly complicates the diagnosis. In this regard, an urgent issue is to improve the diagnosis of candidal infectious complications in cancer patients in order to optimize treatment by studying serological markers that have the greatest value in the diagnosis of infectious complications in cancer patients.
Effects of Heavy Metal Toxicity on Anxiety Disorder
Authors: CC Mfem , SA Seriki , SE Oyama
Published: September 2021

Background: Several heavy metals are found naturally in the earth crust and are exploited for various industrial and economic purposes. Among these heavy metals, a few have impact on the human body. Though some of these metals only have effect on human physiology in high doses, others such as cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, silver, and arsenic have delirious effects in the body even in minute quantities, causing acute and chronic toxicities in human. Anxiety is a common psychiatric disorder among men and women. Occasional anxiety may be a normal a part of life. However, people with anxiety disorders frequently have intense, excessive and persistent worry and fear about everyday situations. Often, anxiety disorders involve repeated episodes of sudden feelings of intense anxiety and fear or terror that reach a peak within minutes (panic attacks). This study examined a major environmental risk factor of anxiety disorder and how the adverse impact of anxiety disorder could be ameliorated using zinc and vitamin E. Methods: Animals used for the researched were grouped into four. Group 1 represents control group; Group 2 represents animals exposed a heavy metal (CaCl2); Group 3 represents animals exposed to CaCl2 and then treated with zinc; and Group 4 represents animals exposed to CaCl2 and then treated vit E. Results: Results showed that exposure to heavy metals (CaCl2 in particular) causes severe anxiety disorders. Results also showed zinc and vit E have the capacity to ameliorate anxiety disorder caused by heavy metals. Conclusion: The human body should be adequately protected as man interacts with heavy metals to prevent anxiety disorder, and where a patient becomes a victim of the disorder, zinc and vit E could be used to manage the case.
The Impact of Natural Disasters on Livestock Sector: A Review
Authors: Rasool Sanober , SA Hamdani , Ayman Niha , Fayaz Aaliya , Shubeena Sheikh , Thahaby Namera , Nabi Burhan , Hai Abdul , AH Akand
Published: September 2021

The Livestock sector plays a central role in nature resource based livelihood of the vast majority of population and often considered as the poor people’s ATM. They are kept as a unit of production and provide an important source of revenue, employment and wealth. However this sector is facing a number of problems like bad health, shortage of feed and fodder, increase incidence of emerging and reemerging diseases etc and the most drastic amongst them being the Natural disasters like earthquake, floods, volcanoes etc. This paper gives a brief idea about the ill effects of natural disasters on the health of livestock, thereby effecting their production and productivity along with the various strategies to be kept in mind while dealing with disaster like event.
An Assessment of Metal Contamination Risk in Sediments of the Mohammad Abad River, Northern Iran
Authors: Malvandi Hassan
Published: September 2021

Background: Sediments in the aquatic ecosystems can be used as suitable indicators for monitoring contaminants. Then, objectives of this study were to evaluate the concentration of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Mohammad Abad River, to determine the degree of pollution of heavy metals in sediments using some major contamination indices; to identify the major sources (anthropogenic or natural sources) of the studied metals; and to evaluate the “reference river” of the river under study for ecotoxicology studies. Methods: Samples of sediment were taken from six sites of the river. The present study, eleven heavy metals (chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, selenium, magnesium, silver, aluminum and arsenic) were studied. Results: Comparison of metal concentrations with those of Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) showed no association with harmful biological effects for the heavy metals studied except for Se and As. The results of the contamination factor index showed low pollution levels for most metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Al), moderate pollution levels for As, and very high pollution levels for Se. The degree of contamination (Cd) and modified degree of contamination (mCd), showing the total contamination of elements, demonstrated very high degree contamination status in the study area. According to the index of quantification of contamination, the values of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn and Al were derived mainly from geogenic sources of enrichment, while the values for Se and As were enriched by anthropogenic source of enrichment. Conclusion: These findings suggest that continuous monitoring of Se and As in sediment and organisms of the Mohammad Abad River should be directed to evaluate the threat of these elements to the public health and to the ecology of the river under study.
To Flip or Not to Flip is No Longer the Question - It is How to Flip Effectively
Authors: Ghosh Sarmishtha
Published: September 2021

Technological advancement and change of student attitude towards learning have brought in the necessity of blended learning which is now ubiquitous across medical and allied health sciences education. Flipped classroom forms an increasingly large part of this approach. As the term states, Flipped Classroom means “inverted” classroom. Does that mean a physical inversion? No, it does not. It means the activities that take place within the four walls of a traditional classroom and activities that take place in the personal learning space of a student are reversed. The concept is nothing new, but it has evolved over the years, considering it’s usability and acceptability amongst students and lecturers.
Phytochemical Evaluation and Acute Toxicity Study of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Acalypha wilkesiana
Authors: Iyamu Anthony Osamuyi , Akpamu Uwaifoh , Iyamu Karen Uwarobehi
Published: September 2021

Increased curiosity on natural plant products has been raised due to problems of cost, unavailability, and after-effects of countless synthetic drugs. Worrisome, many plant-derived formulations lack phytochemically or toxicological screening. Hence, this study phytochemical and elemental screened the ethanolic leaf extract of Acalypha wilkesiana and as well as determining acute toxicity in adult male Wistar rats. The leaves were obtained in Benin City, Nigeria. Ethanol extraction was carried out on leaves and the extract was subjected to proximate, qualitative, and quantitative phytochemical screening and elemental analysis. Acute toxicity was determined on 12 adult male Wistar rats following Lork’s method. Proximate analysis revealed a high presence of carbohydrate, ash, fiber, and moisture. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation showed the abundance of alkaloids (68.7 ± 0.120%), flavonoids (34.7 ± 0.001%) and minute (<1mg/g) saponins, tannins, phenol, and terpenes. The extract contain nutritive (vitamin E = 1.184 ± 0.055µg/g; vitamin A = 0.0066 ± 0.003µg/g; vitamin C = 0.046 ± 0.037µg/g) and anti-nutritive (oxalates = 229.780 ± 16.93mg/100g; cyanide=0.162 ± 0.006 mg/100g; phytate = 0.131 ± 0.01mg/100g) elements. The elemental evaluation showed an abundance of potassium, sodium, and chloride with traces of cadmium and lead and the absence of manganese and copper. There was no sign of acute toxicity or mortality at an extract dose of 5000mg/kg. These findings indicate the ethanol leaf extract of A. wilkesiana as a rich source of phytochemicals and major macro elements and high safety at 5000mg/kg dose. Considering the several components in the leaves extract, Acalypha wilkesiana leaf might be pharmacological significant for the biological system.
Breakthrough Infection among Fully Vaccinated Physicians Working in COVID-19 Treatment Centers; Prevalence, Presenting Symptoms, Co-Morbidities and Outcome in the Third Wave of Epidemics in Myanmar
Authors: Pyar Khin Phyu , Hla Sai Aik , Aung Soe Min , Wunn Di , Htet Aung Zar Ni , Maung Nyan Lin , Win Thurein , Aung Linn Htet , Kyaw Aung Phyoe , Ya Kyaw Zay , Tun Thi Han , Kyaw Myo Thant , Oo Zaw Lin , Aung Zay Phyo , Lin Than Naing , Htun Soe Moe
Published: September 2021

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China at the end of 2019, became a major threat to health around the world. Breakthrough infection following COVID-19 vaccine has clinical and public health significance. The highest groups at risk of infection during the COVID-19 pandemic is health care workers; the physicians are the frontline workers. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of breakthrough COVID-19 infection and their clinical presentation, co-morbidities and outcome among physicians who were fully vaccinated, working in COVID-19 treatment centers in Myanmar. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among physicians, at least 14 days after receiving second dose, working at COVID-19 treatment centers in Myanmar, during the third wave from end of May to August 2021. Data were collected by using standardized forms and analysis was done. Results: Among 410 physicians, 98.2% (221/225) received two dose of vaccination: Covaxin 90.0%, Covishield 9.5% and Sputink V 0.5%. They received first dose of vaccine in January/February 2021 and second dose in March/April 2021. In Myanmar, third wave started in end of May; the largest pandemic surge had reached its peak in July, 2021. In the third wave, most of them 72.9% (161/221) did not experience no infection. The prevalence of fully vaccinated break through infection was 27.1% (60/221); the majority 78.3% (47/60) were mild symptomatic infection. Severe infection was seen in 10% of physicians with breakthrough infection who required hospital admission and oxygen therapy. The common presenting symptoms in order of frequency were body aches and pain 62.6%, sneezing 56.6%, headache 53.5%, cough 52.5%, sore throat 45.5%, anosmia 33.3%, runny nose 23.2% and loose motion 27.3%. The uncommon symptoms were dyspnoea 9.1%, vertigo 6.1%, skin rash 5.1%, vomiting 5.1%, petechiae 3.0%, tinnitus 3.0% and silent hypoxia 3.0%, and non-per-os 1%. Most of them did not have any significant comorbidities. One out of six physicians having severe infection had diabetes mellitus and two were obese. The mean duration of hospital stay was 7 days. None of the cases was fatal. Conclusions: In this study, over 98% of physicians were fully vaccinated; majority with Covaxin. One in four physicians had breakthrough infection in third wave; mainly mild form. Nearly half of them had possible delta symptoms; aches and pain, sneezing, runny nose, headache, cough, and sore throat. Awareness of rare but important symptoms like Non-per-Os and vertigo should be highlighted both to public and health care personnel. Ten percent of physicians with breakthrough infection were severe. Mortality rate was zero.
The Myth of Septic Complications of Acute Pneumonia
Authors: Klepikov Igor
Published: September 2021

A new era in the treatment of Acute Pneumonia (AP) began with the introduction of antibiotics into medical practice. The first successes of the use of new drugs were accompanied by a gradual simplification of views on the nature of AP with an emphasis on the characteristics of the pathogen and its suppression. A huge layer of scientific materials that allow us to understand the features of the development and course of inflammatory processes in the lungs, remained unclaimed. The focus on the etiology of the disease has led to a distorted view of its mechanisms and an exaggerated diagnosis of septic complications that do not have a reasoned confirmation. The current pandemic with a large number of COVID-19 pneumonias has radically changed the etiology of AP and deprived practical medicine of conventional treatment regimens. The unpreparedness of modern medicine for such a challenge and the preservation of the previous ideology of the disease are the reason for a radical revision of the AP doctrine.
Sovereign Wealth Funds An Examination of the Rationale
Authors: Sen Swapan
Published: September 2021

This paper describes trends in Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) and examines the rationale of establishing such funds. State capitalist development rather than the pursuit of return appears to be the overriding objective of SWFs. These funds reflect the increasing recognition by the state of the power of finance and their chief attraction remains the balancing of globalization and national sovereignty.
The Allied Social Science Meetings Diversity Versus Inclusivity
Authors: Bartlett Robin ,   Denison University
Published: September 2021

Over the past four decades, the leadership of the American Economic Association (AEA) has increase the number of women and minorities on its program at the annual Allied Social Science Association (ASSA) meetings. There are three reasons to diversifying the participants on the program. First, including women and minorities on the program make the demographic characteristics, or identities, of the meetings’ participants more representative of the demographics of the profession. Second, having more women, people of color and foreign-born economists on the program encourages doubtful members of other minorities to become economists. Third, there is a belief that incorporating a wider range of economists, with different experiences and educational backgrounds, at the meetings will enrich the conversations and spur new ideas. Inclusivity implies an openness and willingness to incorporate different ways of thinking and perspectives. While the ASSA meetings appear to be more diverse with respect to institutional representation and gender, the evidence suggests that there is a structural barrier of hidden beneath the surface of these two demographics that prohibit inclusivity: class as measured by the strength of economists’ top Ph.D. granting institutional connections. To uncover this barrier, this study examines the structure of the ASSA, the diversity of the ASSA Program Committee and the resultant diversity of the AEA program participants over the past 40 years. Findings suggest that increased diversity does not guarantee increased inclusivity.
The Political Economy of Turkish-European Relations and the Macroeconomic Impact of Full Mmebership
Authors: Bekmez Selahattin ,   University of Idaho
Published: September 2021

This research considers the effects of Turkish entry into the European Union by comparing the impacts of different scenarios. To model the impacts of these scenarios we made use of a general equilibrium modeling framework. The model considers the changes in different macroeconomic indicators and has important specifications: imperfect competition in the Turkish manufacturing sector and differntiated factors in the production process. The results indicate that full membership appears to be the most benficial scenario for the Turkish economy. However, the political sensitivities may complicate efforts to employ appropriate economic policies suggested in the research.
THE AMERICAN APOGEE OF CONTRIBUTIONS ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP (1880s – 1920s)
Authors: Karayiannis Anastassios D.
Published: September 2021

The American economists, at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, were more pioneering than their Continental colleagues on the issue of entrepreneurship. Their endeavor was mainly concentrated on explaining the sources of profit and in justifying its economic necessity and merit. The present paper will investigate comparatively with their Continental colleagues, their various ideas and arguments developed regarding the motives, functions and entrepreneurial rewards.