bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Philosophical Problems in Contemporary Art Criticism: Objectivism, Poststructuralism, and the Axiom of Authorship
Authors: Barrowman Kyle
Published: December 2017

This article argues that, propaedeutic to the construction of an Objectivist aesthetics, scholars must refute the irrational/immoral philosophical premises that have been destroying the philosophy of art. Due to the troubling combination of its contemporaneity, extremism, and considerable influence, poststructuralism, which, since the 1960s, has served as the default philosophical foundation for philosophers of art, is the target of this article. This article contends that the road to an Objectivist aesthetics must first be cleared of philosophical debris like poststructuralism before we can hope to go back to the world of art.
When “A Is Not A”: Reflections on a Conversation
Authors: Touchstone Kathleen
Published: December 2017

The author addresses speech restrictions on campuses, the axiom “A is A” as it applies to men and women, Roe v. Wade and its effect on examining the definition of personhood, and how this examination may have contributed to the anti-conceptual mentality that was already under way on campuses and elsewhere.
Igualdad compensatoria y solidaridad: la propuesta de Pablo Latapí Sarre
Authors: Aguilar Sahagún Luis
Published: December 2017

In the following text, which is a chapter of the book Educación, derechos de la infancia y derecho al desarrollo, the author proposes a concept of educative justice, in order to overcome the insufficiencies of the “equal opportunities” discourse and other likewise. Aguilar Sahagún recovers the ideas of the Mexican educator Pablo Latapí Sarre, and in particular, his concept of “compensatory equity”. Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 109, 2006: 389-404
Identidades narrativas, los usos sociales de lo popular y la telenovela
Authors: Alfaro Salvador Orlando
Published: December 2017

Soap operas accomplish social functions that were accomplished in the past by other cultural products that were closely linked to certain social practices. Its functions have a remarked mediatized character and are supported by a media platform that has not been democratized and is free from public regulations. Thus, soap operas are, for this reason, an important source for understanding how our societies are configured.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 109, 2006: 441-453
Ellacuría y la teoría crítica. Una aproximación
Authors: Romero José Manuel
Published: December 2017

Critical theory, proposed by the Franfurt School’s theoreticians, gave insights in many aspects of social life that were not considered before by the sociologic and economic theories en vogue. However, its contributions were not thought for the current historic context. A revitalization of such theory may be found in an author from the “periphery”: Ignacio Ellacuría. His is a critic theory from the reality of poor countries, in which the contradictions of capitalism are crudely expressed.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 109, 2006: 455-471
Quince años de un pronunciamiento
Authors: Editor El
Published: December 2017

No abstract available.
Del libro del Génesis a la Carta de los Derechos Humanos (“La persona humana, corazón de la paz”. Benedicto XVI)
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: December 2017

In the current world crisis, it is important to review the message of Pope Benedict XVI, delivered during the world peace conference, in order to question what is the way toward a more human world. In this sense, the author also resorts to some key elements of the thought of mahatma Ghandi and Saint Francis of Assisi, the Human Rights Declaration and the Millenium Declaration. As the author says, “now we know where we should not go; now we know which are the false solutions. We have the half part of the solution for not being wrong again”.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 111, 2007: 15-45
La teoría de la justicia de Michael Walzer frente al pluralismo y la desigualdad educativa en México
Authors: Aguilar Sahagún José
Published: December 2017

The American philosopher Michael Walzer poses a conception of justice regarding a differentiation on social goods. The educational milieu has peculiar criteria on justice. Walzer’s ideas are particularly interesting, for his theoretical proposal is closely linked to the cultural context and the empirical observation. The author reflects on Walzer’s proposal considering the educational problems in his country.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 111, 2007: 105-120
Racismo hoy: un fruto del irracionalismo ilustrado
Authors: Holztrattner Magdalena M.
Published: December 2017

No abstract available.
AVALIAÇÃO TÉCNICA DE DIFERENTES PROCESSOS DE SEPARAÇÃO PARA PURIFICAÇÃO DO GLICEROL COMO SUBPRODUTO – REVISÃO
Authors: Alves Amanda De Paula , Rodrigues Filho Geraldo Martins , Mendes Marisa Fernandes
Published: December 2017

O excedente de glicerol produzido nas últimas décadas, devido ao aumento global na produção de biodiesel, vem criando uma demanda por novas tecnologias de purificação ou transformação do glicerol bruto em produtos de alto valor agregado, levando à viabilização do custo final do biodiesel. A glicerina bruta obtida como subproduto no processo de transesterificação contém, além de glicerol (45-85%), álcool, água, sais inorgânicos, ácidos graxos livres, mono-, di-, triglicerídeos, outras matérias orgânicas e resíduos em diferentes quantidades. É de extrema importância a purificação do glicerol para sua reutilização, a fim de reduzir problemas ambientais devido ao seu acúmulo e tornar o biodiesel mais rentável. O glicerol oferece uma ampla gama de oportunidades em muitas aplicações devido às suas propriedades únicas e disponibilidade no mercado. Este artigo analisa os avanços recentes nas tecnologias de purificação da glicerina bruta para utilização em produtos alimentícios, cosméticos e farmacêuticos, como purificação por membranas, troca iônica, destilação e adsorção; transformações biológicas e químicas para o processamento do glicerol em produtos químicos de alto valor agregado, como produção de gás hidrogênio, acroleína, éster, acetais, entre outros; e fornece estratégias para enfrentar os desafios de produção. Diante disso, alguns exemplos são dados para sustentar o objetivo do estudo.
Corn Crop Performance in Different Levels of Defoliation
Authors: Gaias Wanderley Lulu , Gibbert Eduardo Rodrigo , Chidichima Lana Paola da Silva , Hendges Camila , Muller Alexandre Luis
Published: December 2017

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the yield and morphological components of the maize crop according to different levels of defoliation in the phenological stages of the crop. The experimental design was a randomized block with 7 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments were: control without defoliation (SD), removal of two leaves (2L-V4) and four leaves (4L-V4) in the V4 stage , removal of the leaves of the lower third (LT-VT), removal of the middle third (MT-VT), removal of the upper third (UT-VT) and total removal (SF-VT) of the leaves in the VT stage. Plant height and spike insertion, number of grains, number of rows, grains per rows, one thousand grain mass and yield were assessed. Plants with total leaf removal had the lowest rates in all aspects evaluated. The number of rows, kernels per row and kernel per spike showed little or no variation in the treatments with partial defoliation. The treatments with removal at the middle and upper third had the lowest values for the analyzed variables when compared to the plants with partial defoliation. The results of this work indicate that the defoliation process can damage the corn yield performance.
Improvement of Versatility and Analytical Range of AOAC Official Method 2015.06 for Selenium
Authors: Hieda Naoto , Nagatoshi Mariko , Ikeuchi Yoshihiro , Iga Yoshinori , Goto Tetsuhisa
Published: December 2017

AOAC Official Method 2015.06 is not applicable for infant formula without selenium addition because of lack of sensitivity. In addition, Method 2015.06 specifies hydrogen gas as the cell gas of inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-MS instruments. There are only a few manufacturers who have formally adopted hydrogen gas. To expand the applicability of Method 2015.06 for infant formulas with lower selenium content and for ICP-MS instruments that do not use hydrogen gas as the cell gas, we modified the conditions of Method 2015.06. The results exhibited a good linearity (coefficient of determination >0.999) when the range of standard concentration was set from 0.4 to 16.0 μg/L and the cell gas was replaced with helium gas. The measurement precision was improved to an intermediate precision RSD value of 3.49%, and the recovery factor was 103.1%. This study demonstrates that helium gas can be used as the cell gas (easing restrictions in selecting an ICP-MS instrument) and expands the applicability of this method to infant formula samples with lower selenium content by modifying the sample preparation method.
(Des) Motivação dos alunos para a prática das aulas de educação física: um estudo empírico com alunos do ensino secundário em Portugal
Authors: Loureiro Júlio Manoel da Silva , Cunha António Camilo Teles Nascimento , Moreira Evando Carlos
Published: December 2017

Tem-se como objetivo identificar se os alunos estão motivados para as aulas de Educação Física, perceber o porquê e saber se as aulas geram reforço do gosto pela prática de atividades físicas. A amostra abrangeu 40 alunos do 12º ano de uma escola secundária de Braga, Portugal. O gosto pelas modalidades e a prática condicionam a motivação pelas aulas. Há preferência por conhecer novas modalidades, pois afirmam praticar sempre as mesmas, aspetos referidos pelo grupo intervencionado. Estas constatações contribuem para pensarmos outra Educação Física, que não uma Educação Física focada no Desporto e na Atividade Física, paradigma dominante em Portugal.
USLOVI I PERSPEKTIVE ZA POVECANJE NATALITETA EVROPSKE UNIJE, BOSNE I HERCGOVINE I MAKEDONIJE
Authors: Stojovska Natasha , Miceski Trajko
Published: December 2017

Svrha ovog rada je da analizira proslost i trenutno kretanje zivorodenih, da predvidi buduce kretanje ove promenljive i da identifikuje faktore uticaja na ciji osnov ce biti predlozene mere koje ce pomoci kreatorima politike u bore da se poveca natalitet, kao cilj svake zemlje.U ovom radu ce biti predstavljene neka empirijska istrazivanja i teorijski aspekti razlicitih ekonomskih, drustvenih, politickih i psiholoskih faktora koji uticu na nataliteta. Takode, kretanje ove promjenjive u EU, Bosni i Hercegovi- ni i Makedoniji za period 1980-2012 godine, i predvidanja njegovog buduceg kretanja ce biti pretstavljeno kroz tabele i grafikone.Analiza ce pokazati da su promene u stopi nataliteta u EU, Bosni i Herce- govini i Makedoniji dovela do smanjenja broja zivorodenih u poslednje tri decenije. Stopa nataliteta u ovim zemljama/zajednica zemaljapokazuje trend postojanogpada, sto je ozbiljan problem.Predstavljene informacije i sprovedena analiza u ovom radu ce pokazati da je situacija sa stopom nataliteta u analiziranim zemljama zabrinjavajuca. Ovom problemu treba dati visepaznje kako bi se sprecio trendpostepenog iz- umiranja stanovnistva.
MODELING OF EGOVERNMENT BUSINESS PROCESSES According TO BPML SPECIFICATION AND ISO 82045 - THE USE CASE OF REQUEST FOR DIGITAL CERTIFICATE
Authors: Latinović Milan
Published: December 2017

Public administration institutions focus on constant implementation of new technologies trough separated ICT projects. In most cases, these projects consider simple implementation of ICT technology on current business process without consideration if these processes needs modification in order to accept new technology. Because of this, result might not satisfy end-user needs. This paper proposes approach where processes are first modelled according to BPMN specification and metadata is defined according ISO 82045 standard. Only after this kind of preparation, we can ensure that implementation of ICT technologies will satisfy end user needs. This paper also provides use cases of modelled processes in order to assist anyone who decides to lead ICT projects in this manner.
TEHNOLOSKE INOVACIJE KAO PODSTREK KOMPANIJAMA ZA DRUSTVENO ODGOVORNO POSLOVANJE
Authors: Gligorijević Jasmin , Bradić Dubravka
Published: December 2017

Uvodenje korporativne drustvene odgovornosti, kao strategije poslovnog ponasanja donosi kompanijama nizprednosti, kao sto su boljepozicioniranje na trzistu, smanjenje operativnih troskova, motivaciju zaposlenih, privlacenje vrhunski obrazovanih strucnjaka, poverenje investitora i finansijskih institu- cija, poboljsanje imidza, primenu tehnoloskih inovacija.Od drugepolovine XX veka kompanije dobijaju nove dimenzije drustvene odgovornosti, koje su izazvane ekonomskim, politickim, tehnoloskim, ekoloskim kao i ukupnima problemima razvoja drustva u celini. Interesovanje za oveprobleme posebno je naglaseno odpojave globalne ekonomske i finansijske krize, kada se i poja- cava znacaj koncepta korporativne drustvene odgovornosti.U tradicionalnom smislu, drustveno odgovorno ponasanje kompanija po- tencijalno predstavlja opterecenje, odnosno trosak za njihovo poslovanje. Medutim, ako kompanija, u duzem vremenskom periodu, u svoju strategiju poslovanja uvede potrebu za stvaranjem novih vrednosti kroz inovaciju onda se takvo ulaganje ne smatra troskom, vec investicijom, aposlovni ciljevi predu- zecapovezuju sa resavanjem socijalnih, ekoloskih i ostalih drustvenihproblema.Inovacije su veoma znacajan faktor drustveno odgovornogposlovanja, koje u danasnjim uslovima ekonomske krize nailaze na niz preprek, koje se mogu prevazici adekvatnom inovativnom politikom drzave.
ODREDIVANJE INTENZITETA BUKE NA TERITORIJI GRADA BANJA LUKA
Authors: Stojanović Bjelić Ljiljana , Bobić Momčilo , Nešković Dragana , Antonić Bogoljub
Published: December 2017

Buka u zivotnoj sredini, ili kako se veoma cesto zove komunalna buka, definite se kao buka koju stvaraju svi izvori buke koji se javljaju u covjekovom okruzenju. Glavni izvori komunalne buke su izvore buke na otvorenom pro- storu i izvori buke u zatvorenom prostoru. Kontrola buke, odnosno zvuka se mjeri raznim velicinama i jedinicama, ali najcesci je intezitet koji se definite kao protok energije u jedinici i vremenu i kroz jedinicu povrsine. Cilj rada je da se na osnovu izvrsenih mjerenja nivoa buke na podrucju grada Banja Luka za petomjesecni period analizira odnos ekvivalentnog i vrsnog nivoa buke u zivotnoj sredini i izvrsiporedenje intenziteta bukeprema zakonskoj regulati- vi.
EKONOMSKA ANALIZA KONKURENCIJE - ANALIZA POREMECAJA
Authors: Čošabić Sandro
Published: December 2017

Pravo konkurencije1 2 u Sjedinjenim Americkim Drzavama (u daljem teks- tu - SAD) potice jos iz devetnaestog vijeka, dok u slucaju Evropske unije (u daljem tekstu - EU) predstavlja jednu od njenih ekskluzivnih nadleznosti.Jacanje uloge ekonomske analize u analizi konkurencije je uprisutno je jos odpolovineproslog vijeka3, a ta svijest je tokom posljednjih decenija dobijala na intenzitetu i u EU4. Premda su se uloga i znacaj ekonomije odnosno kvan- titativnih tehnika mijenjali tokom vremena, a uvazavajuci sporenja koja po tom pitanju i dalje postoje, ekonomska analiza odnosno primjena kvantita- tivnih tehnika danas predstavlja vazan instrument u analizi konkurencije. Uprkos tome tesko je pronaci radove u Bosni i Hercegovini posvecene analizi i zastiti konkurencije, a pogotovo primjeni ekonomske analize u njoj. Spora- zumom o stabilizaciji i pridruzivanju izmedu Evropskih zajednica i Bosne i Hercegovine predvideno je prihvatanje pravne stecevine EU i u oblasti kon- kurencije.lako se u analizi konkurencijeprimjenjuju razlicite kvantitativne tehnike, nije uvijekpotrebno koristenje slozenijih tehnika.Analiza poremecaja, koja jei predmet ovoga rada, moze bitipod odredenim uslovima dobar dodatni alat u analizi konkurencije odnosno definisanja trzista. O kakvoj analizi se radi? Koje su njene prednosti i nedostaci, te kada je primjereno upotrijebiti je - a kada ne, kao i kolika je odgovornost analiticara? Na pocetku rada su u naj- kracim crtama prikazani pojedini bitni koncepti u pravu konkurencije: trzisna moc i trzisno ucesce, da bi sepotom paznja usmjerila na analizuporemecaja, njegovu vezu s prethodno prikazanim pojmovima trzisne moci i ucesca, te prednostima i nedostacima svojstvenim njenoj primjeni.
INTERNAL AND ExTERNAL FACTORS OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Authors: Došenović Dragana
Published: December 2017

Organizational structure is a system of internal relations and links in the organization. Since adequately designed organizational structure is the key to the success of enterprises, efficient operations and achievement of the objectives of each organization, the basic issue of this paper is the process of organizational design, with particular focus on the differentfactors that affect this process.For this reason, the purpose of this paper is to describe the impact of certain internal and external factors on the organizational structure, as well as to point out their importance in the design process.Based on the conducted analysis and research, author has come to many conclusions on the basis of which has been proven that there are many internal and external factors that directly affect the organizational structure. In order to successfully operate in today's turbulent conditions, it is necessary for companies to constantly adjust to a number of factors. A successful response to new changes often requires a process of restructuring through which organizational structure adapts to new needs.
UTICAJ SAVREMENIH TURISTICKIH KRETANJA NA SOCIO-KULTURNI RAZVOJ DESTINACIJE
Authors: Perović Tena , Popović Maria
Published: December 2017

Svaka turisticka destinacija se mjenja pod uticajem turizma. U kom stepe- nu, tj.kojim intenzitetom ce se to sve reflektovati na ekonomski, socioloski, kulturni ili pak ekoloski profil odredenog lokaliteta uslovljeno je i vrstom turi- stickih kretanja koja su prisutna. Komercijalizacija lokalne kulture, standari- zacija usluga, prilagodavanje zeljama „modernog“ turiste, ekonomske nejedna- kosti i iritacije prouzrokovane turistickim ponasanjem, samo su neka od otvorenih pitanja kojima trebaposvetiti vecu paznju.U ovom radu se nastoji da se blize odrede uticaji koje turizam u svojim progresivnim razvojnim etapama i granama stvara na jedno turisticko mjesto. Akcenat je stavljen na sociokulturni razvoj zajednicepod izmjenjenim uslovima potraznje i pritiskom naglo uvecanog trzista. Cilj je istaci u kolikoj mjeri je turisticki proizvod jedne geografski male destinacije, pod pritiskom “agresivnog" razvoja savremenih truristickih kretanja, izlozen brojnim izazovimapopitanju ocuvanja kulturnog i drustvenog identiteta.
FITOCENOLOŠKA ANALIZA MEZOFILNIH ŠUMA PITOMOG KESTENA (Castanea sativa Mill.) U OKOLINI KOSTAJNICE (BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA)
Authors: Stupar Vladimir , Šurlan Mladen , Travar Jovan , Cvjetićanin Rade
Published: December 2017

U radu je prikazana fitocenološka analiza mezofilnih šumapitomog kestena (Castanea sativa Mill.) u Privrednoj jedinici “Pastirevo”kod Kostajnice. Istraživane sastojine su degradirane, izdana
АДАПТИВНОСТ АЛОХТОНИХ ДРВЕНАСТИХ БИЉАКА У ГРАДСКОМ ПАРКУ У ДОБОЈУ (РЕПУБЛИКА СРПСКА, БОСНА И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНА)
Authors: Лукач Љубица
Published: December 2017

У раду су представљени резултати истраживања адаптивности алохтоних врста дрвећа и грмља на услове средине у градском парку у Добоју. Подаци су прикупљени на терену од јуна 2011. до новембра 2012. године. Прикупљани су подаци о таксационим елементима, виталности и декоративности и осталим важним елементима. Резултати показују које су врсте добро, а које лоше адаптиране на услове средине у градском парку у Добоју. На крају су изнешени могући разлози лоше оцјене неких врста, као и приједлог мјера које је потребно спроводити приликом уношења алохтоних дрвенастих врста у будућности.
Features of Speech Reactions to Mental State Concepts
Authors: Alekseeva Ekaterina M. , Gatiyatullina Galiya M.
Published: December 2017

The article is devoted to the problem of mental state associative speech representation. The study involved 31 Russian-speaking subjects (27 females and 4 males) at the age of 18 - 22 years old. The experimental procedure using DMDX program allowed to measure the time of speech response to stimuli - the concepts of 25 mental states. The average reaction time to the concepts of mental states, shown on the computer monitor, made 2114.68 milliseconds. The most rapid associative speech response was the response to the following stimuli: "ecstasy" (1452.54 msec), "meditation" (1569.26 msec), "tranquility" (1685.21 msec), the slowest response is the response to "interest" (2517.5 msec) and "indecision" (2454.63 msec). In total, 448 associations were given to the concepts of 25 mental states by tested subjects - speech reactions, i.e. 17.9 associations per mental state on the average. The greatest number of speech associations (24) was given to the concept of love. The smallest number was given to the concept of ecstasy (11 associations). Associative fields of mental states (meditation, ecstasy, melancholy, tiredness, loneliness) have the most pronounced core. The prospects of the study consist in the performance of a similar associative experiment among the representatives of another culture, as well as in the studying of an estimated and situational associative representation of mental states.
Taxonomy of Values and Anti-Values: the Material of the Russian and German Phraseology
Authors: Andreyeva Elena A. , Nazmieva Elmira I. , Nasrtdinova Valentina M.
Published: December 2017

At present, in terms of intercultural communication, the role of the axiological aspect in teaching foreign languages is growing. When thinking about the values and anti-values in the phraseology of Russian and German it is advisable to take into account their hierarchy which can be presented as the axiological scale. This investigation benefits from the following methods: axiological linguistic method, method of cognitive analysis, comparative method, processing of lexicographical sources. The result of the study is formation of the axiological scale and development on its basis of the taxonomic model of values and anti-values in the phraseology of the Russian and German languages. The taxonomic model of values and anti-values in the phraseology of the language allows submitting axiological hierarchy reflecting the inter-layer differentiation of values and anti-values represented by axiological phraseology. Axiological scale and taxonomic model of values and anti-values in the Russian and German phraseology can be used in linguistic axiological research of different languages. 
The Artist and His Oeuvre in G. K. Chesterton’s Biography: G. F. Watts
Authors: Ayupova Kamilya F. , Kozyreva Maria A. , Akimova Tatyana I.
Published: December 2017

The article offers a close analysis G. K. Chesterton’s largely overlooked biographical essay G. F. Watts (1904). The authors study the genre specifics of the biography of an artist, as well as the problems of biographical theory. In G. F. Watts, which the authors define as the literary portrait of the artist, Chesterton traces his subject’s personality through his art. He views Watts’ creativity through his Victorianism. Analyzing the artist’s oeuvre Chesterton also reveals his own artistic methods, which he would later use in his novels. Being the critic’s early work, the book allows a closer view of the shaping of his philosophical ideas and artistic principles, which would take form in his later writings. The authors come to the conclusion that, for all its undeniable merits, the biography in a whole is rather subjective, and hence, its value lies in Chesterton’s general insights on fine art. 
The Real Picture of Professional Multidimensionality
Authors: Yalalov Farit G. , Bordovsky Gennady A. , Kouznetsov Dennis V.
Published: December 2017

Professional multidimensionality is ability of a specialist to correlate the directions, approaches (integrity) and/or to combine performance of several functions (multifunctionality), to conjoin the simultaneous solution of several tasks (multitasking). The empirical research on identification of a real picture of professional multidimensionality of specialists in three fields of activity was performed by research associates group of the Nizhnekamsk office of UNESCO department at A.I. Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University under the leadership of the authors of this article. In their professional activity specialists most often apply such basic multidimensional competences as multifunctionality, multitasking and integrity. Empirical experiment covered 180 representatives of different spheres of professional activity. On the basis of experimental studies we received the following results. Rather high level of professional multidimensionality is shown by research associates – 27,9% of them possess multifunctionality, 23,3% – multitasking, 18,6% – integrity, 13,8% – the combined multidimensional competences. Among elementary school teachers professional multidimensionality is demonstrated thus: 21,1 % of them show multifunctionality, 24,7% – multitasking, 15,3% – integrity, 7.2% – the combined multidimensional competences. Professional multidimensionality among drivers of buses is demonstrated thus: 15,4 % of them possess multifunctionality, 13,5% – multitasking. Drivers of buses show absence of integrity and the combined multidimensional competences.
Andrei Bely’s Literary Portraits in the Structure of Critical and Memoir Genre
Authors: Afanasyeva Margarita , Krylov Viacheslav , Mikhailova Maria
Published: December 2017

Despite the research boom of recent times and the increased interest in Andrei Bely's personality and creativity, which is reflected in numerous articles, monographs, dissertations, international scientific conferences about him, criticism and memoir remains the least studied part of the largest Russian symbolist creative legacy. Unfortunately, A. Bely's critical texts are not fully collected, we do not even have a complete idea of the volume of what he wrote. In order to comprehend the innovation of A. Bely's critical prose, it is necessary to update the research tools of the criticism itself. The correlation problem between A. Bely's creative method in the context of literary critical and memoir genres, the issues about the role and the uniqueness of portrait characteristics in different types of the discourse and the transformations of Bely's early poetics in late memoir and biography were not the subject of a special study, which determines the purpose and the tasks of the article. The performed analysis showed that the image of writers in the critical and memoir portraits is somewhat similar. This can be explained by the fact that Bely's memoir texts are the continuation of his early work. However, the publicistic nature of the criticism and the polemical origin in the memoir genre are weakened. The portrait in the structure of a memoir book is combined with the experience of the lived life and complicated by the synthesis of previous literary-critical interpretations and later evaluations. 
Personification as the Way of Grammatical Gender Category Expression in Art Context
Authors: Nurullina Guzel M. , Erofeeva Irina V. , Islamova Elvira A. , Yuan Tao
Published: December 2017

The study of grammatical categories in the artistic context from the position of anthropocentrism is a topical issue in modern linguistics. The greatest interest from the point of view of the relationship "language" - "man" is the category of Russian language gender, which has great stylistic resources and can be motivated extra-linguistically. In this paper, the authors analyze personification as the way of gender grammatical category expression in the artistic context of Russian writer and poet works. In the article the authors consider the linguistic picture of the world, in the creation of which the embodiment is important, the semantic-grammatical properties of which are determined by the ambivalence of animacy-inanimation category. Gender denotation occupies a special place in the interpretative structure of gender category, which presupposes a nominative significance of neutral gender nouns as a result of personification, stylization and the expression of symbolic meaning. Thus, extralinguistic possibilities of gender category are expanded, which are realized mainly in artistic speech. The authors of the article conclude that the grammatical personification of gender category as a vivid means of expression, expressiveness, imagery and emotionality is associated with a person's thinking, his worldview, psychological characteristics; and this judgment allows us to consider the category of gender not only as a morphological one, but also as a logical, mental category.

 
Stylistic Features of Comment in Arabic Blogosphere
Authors: Zaynullin Gabdulzyamil G. , Khabibullina Alfiya M.
Published: December 2017

One of the most important issues in the study of the functioning of the Internet language is the definition of the features of each Internet genre presented in online communication, taking into account the linguocultural features of the language in question. This paper studies the genre of the Internet comments of the Arabic-speaking blogosphere and reveals its stylistic features. The most common goal of the comment is gratitude, followed by praise. We created a corpus of comments from blogs of various subjects, and then conducted the tagging, having identified the group to which we attributed a comment, depending on the subject and the communicative goal. With the help of the Lexico 3 software, the most frequent lexical units were identified, the lexical features of the comments were described, the main one being the widespread use of religionyms, and the relationship between the blog subject and the stylistic characteristics of communication was revealed. The article traces the correlation between the literary and colloquial functional style in the comments, and also draws a conclusion that the comments are of a conversational, informal character. The main devices of expressiveness that are characteristic for both network and pre-network communication were revealed, and the tendency of the analysts to observe in the comments a stable three-part composition (greeting, message, final formula). The influence of traditional Arabic rhetoric, as well as the epistolary genre, was preserved. The results of the paper can be used when studying other genres of Internet communication in Arabic and in comparative studies to create the linguistic software.
Characterization of a de novo assembled transcriptome of the Common Blackbird (Turdus merula)
Authors: Koglin Sven , Trense Daronja , Wink Michael , Sauer-Gürth Hedwig , Tietze Dieter Thomas
Published: December 2017

Background

In recent years, next generation high throughput sequencing technologies have proven to be useful tools for investigations concerning the genomics or transcriptomics also of non-model species. Consequently, ornithologists have adopted these technologies and the respective bioinformatics tools to survey the genomes and transcriptomes of a few avian non-model species. The Common Blackbird is one of the most common bird species living in European cities, which has successfully colonized urban areas and for which no reference genome or transcriptome is publicly available. However, to target questions like genome wide gene expression analysis, a reference genome or transcriptome is needed.

Methods

Therefore, in this study two Common Blackbirds were sacrificed, their mRNA was isolated and analyzed by RNA-Seq to de novo assemble a transcriptome and characterize it. Illumina reads (125 bp paired-end) and a Velvet/Oases pipeline led to 162,158 transcripts. For the annotation (using Blast+), an unfiltered protein database was used. SNPs were identified using SAMtools and BCFtools. Furthermore, mRNA from three single tissues (brain, heart and liver) of the same two Common Blackbirds were sequenced by Illumina (75 bp single-end reads). The draft transcriptome and the three single tissues were compared by their BLAST hits with the package VennDiagram in R.

Results

Following the annotation against protein databases, we found evidence for 15,580 genes in the transcriptome (all well characterized hits after annotation). On 18% of the assembled transcripts, 144,742 SNPs were identified which are, consequently, 0.09% of all nucleotides in the assembled transcriptome. In the transcriptome and in the single tissues (brain, heart and liver), 10,182 shared genes were found.

Discussion

Using a next-generation technology and bioinformatics tools, we made a first step towards the genomic investigation of the Common Blackbird. The de novo assembled transcriptome is usable for downstream analyses such as differential gene expression analysis and SNP identification. This study shows the importance of the approach to sequence single tissues to understand functions of tissues, proteins and the phenotype.
Evidence for a hierarchical transcriptional circuit in Drosophila male germline involving testis‐specific TAF and two gene‐specific transcription factors, Mod and Acj6
Authors: Jiang Mei , Gao Zhengliang , Wang Jian , Nurminsky Dmitry I.
Published: December 2017

To analyze transcription factors involved in gene regulation by testis‐specific TAF (tTAF), tTAF‐dependent promoters were mapped and analyzed in silico. Core promoters show decreased AT content, paucity of classical promoter motifs, and enrichment with translation control element CAAAATTY. Scanning of putative regulatory regions for known position frequency matrices identified 19 transcription regulators possibly contributing to tTAF‐driven gene expression. Decreased male fertility associated with mutation in one of the regulators, Acj6, indicates its involvement in male reproduction. Transcriptome study of testes from male mutants for tTAF, Acj6, and previously characterized tTAF‐interacting factor Modulo implies the existence of a regulatory hierarchy of tTAF, Modulo and Acj6, in which Modulo and/or Acj6 regulate one‐third of tTAF‐dependent genes.
Three‐Dimensional Time Domain Simulation of Tsunami‐Generated Electromagnetic Fields: Application to the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami
Authors: Minami Takuto , Toh Hiroaki , Ichihara Hiroshi , Kawashima Issei
Published: December 2017

We present a new finite element simulation approach in time domain for electromagnetic (EM) fields associated with motional induction by tsunamis. Our simulation method allows us to conduct three‐dimensional simulation with realistic smooth bathymetry and to readily obtain broad structures of tsunami‐generated EM fields and their time evolution, benefitting from time domain implementation with efficient unstructured mesh. Highly resolved mesh near observation sites enables us to compare simulation results with observed data and to investigate tsunami properties in terms of EM variations. Furthermore, it makes source separations available for EM data during tsunami events. We applied our simulation approach to the 2011 Tohoku tsunami event with seawater velocity from linear‐long and linear‐Boussinesq approximations. We revealed that inclusion of dispersion effect is necessary to explain magnetic variations at a northwest Pacific seafloor site, ~1,500 km away from the epicenter, while linear‐long approximation is enough at a seafloor site ~200 km east‐northeast of the epicenter. Our simulations provided, for the first time, comprehensive views of spatiotemporal structures of tsunami‐generated EM fields for the 2011 Tohoku tsunami, including large‐scale electric current circuits in the ocean. Finally, subtraction of the simulated magnetic fields from the observed data revealed symmetric magnetic variations on the western and eastern sides of the epicenter for 30 min since the earthquake origin time. These imply a pair of southward and northward electric currents in the ionosphere that exist on the western and eastern sides of the source region, respectively, which was likely to be caused by tsunami‐generated atmospheric acoustic/gravity waves reaching the ionosphere.
A New One‐Equation Model of Fluid Drag for Irregularly Shaped Particles Valid Over a Wide Range of Reynolds Number
Authors: Dioguardi F. , Mele D. , Dellino P.
Published: December 2017

A new drag law for irregularly shaped particles is presented here. Particles are described by a shape factor that takes into account both sphericity and circularity, which can be measured via the most commonly used image particle analysis techniques. By means of the correlation of the drag coefficient versus the particle Reynolds number and the shape factor, a new drag formula, which is valid over a wide range of Reynolds number (0.03–10,000), is obtained. The new model is able to reproduce the drag coefficient of particles measured in terminal velocity experiments with a smaller scatter compared to other laws commonly used in multiphase flow engineering and volcanology. Furthermore, the new formula uses only one equation, whereas previous models, to insure validity over an ample range, made use of a step function that introduces a discontinuity at the switch of equations. Finally, this drag law works in the whole range of variation, from extremely irregular particles to perfect sphere. A code of the iterative algorithm for the drag coefficient calculation and terminal velocity is included in the supporting information both as a Fortran routine and a Matlab function.
Quasi‐Steady Evolution of Hillslopes in Layered Landscapes: An Analytic Approach
Authors: Glade R. C. , Anderson R. S.
Published: December 2017

Landscapes developed in layered sedimentary or igneous rocks are common on Earth, as well as on other planets. Features such as hogbacks, exposed dikes, escarpments, and mesas exhibit resistant rock layers adjoining more erodible rock in tilted, vertical, or horizontal orientations. Hillslopes developed in the erodible rock are typically characterized by steep, linear‐to‐concave slopes or “ramps” mantled with material derived from the resistant layers, often in the form of large blocks. Previous work on hogbacks has shown that feedbacks between weathering and transport of the blocks and underlying soft rock can create relief over time and lead to the development of concave‐up slope profiles in the absence of rilling processes. Here we employ an analytic approach, informed by numerical modeling and field data, to describe the quasi‐steady state behavior of such rocky hillslopes for the full spectrum of resistant layer dip angles. We begin with a simple geometric analysis that relates structural dip to erosion rates. We then explore the mechanisms by which our numerical model of hogback evolution self‐organizes to meet these geometric expectations, including adjustment of soil depth, erosion rates, and block velocities along the ramp. Analytical solutions relate easily measurable field quantities such as ramp length, slope, block size, and resistant layer dip angle to local incision rate, block velocity, and block weathering rate. These equations provide a framework for exploring the evolution of layered landscapes and pinpoint the processes for which we require a more thorough understanding to predict their evolution over time.
Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Woodward Ian
Published: December 2017

Cosmopolitanism is understood as a philosophical ideal and sociocultural process whereby people feel connection not only to local others who are ethnically or culturally like themselves, but to geographically and culturally distant others. Cosmopolitanism is an attitude which favors understanding points of universal human commonality and a political imperative which prioritizes reflexive dialogue and cooperation across nations. As a set of sociocultural practices and institutional priorities, it also comes with political complications and ethical dilemmas. Social scientifically, questions also exist about the best ways to conceptualize, identify, and measure the concept.
Intercultural Communication in the Global Workplace, Critical Approaches
Authors: Holmes Prue
Published: December 2017

The critical intercultural turn in intercultural communication and cross‐cultural management research has begun to question dominating traditional (positivist) approaches. Therefore, preparing people for the global workplace requires understanding of intercultural communication informed by critical scholarship: questioning the theory and practices of the “metropole” (or developed “North”), it also requires complementary research, education, and training that gives voice to those in the “global South” who may be marginalized, disenfranchised, poor, and exploited. Community diversity and interconnectivity, whether through communication technologies or movement of people, have placed new demands on preparing critical intercultural citizens for communication in the global workplace: people who can appreciate similarity and difference; who are capable of taking nonessentialist approaches to cultures, languages, and communities; who understand the role of the intercultural speaker; and who acknowledge the multiple languages and lingua franca Englishes at play, and the translingual, transcultural practices this recognition entails.
Third‐Culture Individuals
Authors: Barker Gina G.
Published: December 2017

This entry provides an overview of third‐culture individuals, defined as men and women who lived in a country other than that of their nationality during their developmental years. Becoming socialized into their home culture and host culture(s) simultaneously, they form a multicultural identity. Since this identity is derived largely from their atypical, mobile upbringing involving multiple transitions as children of corporate employees, military or government personnel, missionaries or aid workers, people with this background generally refer to themselves as
third‐culture kids
. They are also described as
hidden immigrants
,
global nomads
,
cultural chameleons,
and
cultural composites
. A formal theory of third‐culture individuals has yet to emerge, but researchers have recently begun testing assertions made in popular and professional literature about third‐culture individuals' intercultural competence, enhanced adaptability, social sensitivity, open‐mindedness, and cultural marginality. This research has produced evidence that their unique intercultural adaptation allows them to acquire specialized intercultural communication skills.
Intercultural Communication Study in Japan
Authors: Takai Jiro
Published: December 2017

Intercultural communication in Japan as an academic field has often been misunderstood, having been associated more with English language teaching than with research in its own right. Japan does not recognize communication as an independent discipline, and because of this, intercultural majors within Japanese universities are likely to be misconstrued, hence students who wish to pursue a career in the field need to obtain their education overseas. In spite of this, the community of intercultural scholars is active in both research and teaching. This entry briefly describes the history of intercultural communication in Japan, its status as an academic field, its scholarly societies, and research and practice.
Intercultural Communication Study in Latin America
Authors: Medina‐López‐Portillo Adriana
Published: December 2017

This entry makes a distinction between the concepts ofinterculturalidad(interculturality) andintercultural communicationin Latin America. Interculturalidad is the product of the social, economic, political, and cultural challenges that the indigenous communities have encountered since the Europeans arrived to the Americas. Intercultural communication is a term and approach borrowed from the discipline that originated in the United States. In this entry are examples of institutions and academic disciplines offering undergraduate and graduate education, academic professional organizations, publications in which research articles are published, and major research themes and topics in interculturality and intercultural communication in Latin America. The entry includes specific names of authors and publication titles.
Intercultural Communication Study in South Africa
Authors: Bornman Elirea
Published: December 2017

This entry deals with issues related to intercultural communication in South Africa. The focus falls first on the state of the discipline and issues related to teaching and research. Attention is then given to the nature of South African society and the implications of culture and group membership in determining intergroup communication. Issues related to language and identity as well as the extent and nature of contact and interaction between groups are discussed, and attention is given to the African worldview and its emphasis on human connectedness. The entry examines various barriers to intercultural communication such as nonverbal communication and paralinguistics, ethnocentrism, and xenophobia as well as contrasting communication styles, and then concludes with a call to local and international researchers to tackle the largely unexplored terrain of communication within African contexts and to assist in solving the manifold problems associated with intercultural communication in those settings.
Intercultural Communication Study in the United States, Early Beginnings
Authors: Prosser Michael H.
Published: December 2017

In the 1970s, foundational conferences, texts, book chapters, journal articles, and individual scholars, trainers, and practitioners in the United States developed the academic field or discipline of intercultural communication (IC), which has moved toward a mature set of theories and concepts both in the United States and abroad.
Cultural Dimensions, Hofstede
Authors: Taras Vas
Published: December 2017

This entry provides a description and analysis of Hofstede's model of culture. It presents an overview of the dimensions included in the model, describes the process by which the model was developed, and reviews the key features of the model, as well as noting its strengths and weaknesses. The entry will be of interest to students of culture who seek to better understand the origin, content, and limitations of Hofstede's model of culture and its dimensions.
Communication Modes,Arab
Authors: Feghali Ellen Kussman , Braithwaite Charles A.
Published: December 2017

This entry takes the position that understanding important communicative characteristics found across Arab‐speaking communities facilitates effective intercultural interaction. After clarifying the term “Arab,” the entry explicates such pan‐Arab communication modes as the use ofInshallahand other God expressions, the invoking ofwasta, and the pervasiveness ofwejbet.
Communication Modes,Asian
Authors: Chang Hui‐Ching
Published: December 2017

This entry presents results and arguments accompanying studies of Asian communication modes. Three research foci are identified: how philosophical traditions inform Asian communicative practices; how the individualism/collectivism cultural value framework helps situate Asian communication; and how an Asiacentric focus helps us better theorize links between culture and communication. Along these lines, scholars also challenge problematics in classifying “Asian” as an encompassing category; the risk of essentializing Asian culture as endorsing collectivistic values; and the position that the link between culture and individual behavior can be taken for granted. Treating Asian culture as an ever‐changing, open system and Asian modes of communication as situationally negotiated allows better understanding of dynamic Asian modes of communication in global society.
Articulation Theory
Authors: Yin Jing
Published: December 2017

This entry surveys the notion of articulation as an alternative to the conceptualizations of ideology in classical Marxism and poststructuralist and postmodernist theories. This essay also discusses the methodological capacity and theoretical ability offered by articulation theory for intercultural communication studies.