bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thriving from Work Questionnaire: Dimensionality, reliability, and validity of the long and short form questionnaires
Authors: Peters Susan E. , Gundersen Daniel A. , Katz Jeffrey N. , Sorensen Glorian , Wagner Gregory R.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Thriving from Work is defined as the state of positive mental, physical, and social functioning in which workers' experiences of their work and working conditions enable them to thrive in their overall lives, contributing to their ability to achieve their full potential at work, at home, and in the community. The purpose of this study was to develop a psychometrically‐sound questionnaire measuring the positive contribution that work can have on one's well‐being both at, and outside of, their work.

Methods

We used both a qualitative and quantitative approach of item reduction, domain mapping dimensionality testing, development of “long‐” and “short‐” versions of the questionnaire, reliability, and construct and criterion validity testing. This was established in two independent online samples of US based workers (n = 1550, n = 500).

Results

We developed a bi‐factor model 30‐item long‐form and a uni‐factorial 8‐item short‐version. The long‐form measures both the latent construct of Thriving from Work and six domains (psychological/emotional; work‐life integration; social; experience of work; basic needs; health). Both long‐ and short‐ forms were found to have high empirical reliability (0.93  and 0.87 respectively). The short‐form captures 94% of variance of the long‐form. Construct and criterion validity were supported. Test‐retest reliability was high.

Conclusions

The Thriving from Work Questionnaire appears to be a valid and reliable measure of work‐related well‐being in United States workers. Further testing is needed to refine and test the instrument in specific industries, unique worker populations, and across geographic regions.
Anatomical MRI staging of frontotemporal dementia variants
Authors: Planche Vincent , Mansencal Boris , Manjon José V. , Tourdias Thomas , Catheline Gwenaëlle , Coupé Pierrick ,   For the Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Neuroimaging Initiative and the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center cohort
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION

The three clinical variants of frontotemporal dementia (behavioral variant [bvFTD], semantic dementia, and progressive non‐fluent aphasia [PNFA]) are likely to develop over decades, from the preclinical stage to death.

METHODS

To describe the long‐term chronological anatomical progression of FTD variants, we built lifespan brain charts of normal aging and FTD variants by combining 8022 quality‐controlled MRIs from multiple large‐scale data‐bases, including 107 bvFTD, 44 semantic dementia, and 38 PNFA.

RESULTS

We report in this manuscript the anatomical MRI staging schemes of the three FTD variants by describing the sequential divergence of volumetric trajectories between normal aging and FTD variants. Subcortical atrophy precedes focal cortical atrophy in specific behavioral and/or language networks, with a “radiological” prodromal phase lasting 8–10 years (time elapsed between the first structural alteration and canonical cortical atrophy).

DISCUSSION

Amygdalar and striatal atrophy can be candidate biomarkers for future preclinical/prodromal FTD variants definitions.

Highlights

We describe the chronological MRI staging of the most affected structures in the three frontotemporal dementia (FTD) syndromic variants.

In behavioral variant of FTD (bvFTD): bilateral amygdalar, striatal, and insular atrophy precedes fronto‐temporal atrophy.

In semantic dementia: bilateral amygdalar atrophy precedes left temporal and hippocampal atrophy.

In progressive non‐fluent aphasia (PNFA): left striatal, insular, and thalamic atrophy precedes opercular atrophy.
Determinants of Infarct Core Growth During Inter‐hospital Transfer for Thrombectomy
Authors: Seners Pierre , Scheldeman Lauranne , Christensen Soren , Mlynash Michael , Ter Schiphorst Adrien , Arquizan Caroline , Costalat Vincent , Henon Hilde , Bretzner Martin , Heit Jeremy J. , Olivot Jean‐Marc , Lansberg Maarten G. , Albers Gregory W. ,   the Infarct‐Growth Collaborators
Published: February 2023

Objective

Patients with acute ischemic stroke harboring a large vessel occlusion who present to primary stroke centers often require inter‐hospital transfer for thrombectomy. We aimed to determine clinical and imaging factors independently associated with fast infarct growth (IG) during inter‐hospital transfer.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from acute stroke patients with a large vessel occlusion transferred for thrombectomy from a primary stroke center to one of three French comprehensive stroke centers, with an MRI obtained at both the primary and comprehensive center before thrombectomy. Inter‐hospital IG rate was defined as the difference in infarct volumes on diffusion‐weighted imaging between the primary and comprehensive center, divided by the delay between the two MRI scans. The primary outcome was identification of fast progressors, defined as IG rate ≥5 mL/hour. The hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR), a surrogate marker of collateral blood flow, was automatically measured on perfusion imaging.

Results

A total of 233 patients were included, of whom 27% patients were fast progressors. The percentage of fast progressors was 3% among patients with HIR < 0.40 and 71% among those with HIR ≥ 0.40. In multivariable analysis, fast progression was independently associated with HIR, intracranial carotid artery occlusion, and exclusively deep infarct location at the primary center (C‐statistic = 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93–0.98). IG rate was independently associated with good functional outcome (adjusted OR = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83–0.99; P = 0.037).

Interpretation

Our findings show that a HIR > 0.40 is a powerful indicator of fast inter‐hospital IG. These results have implication for neuroprotection trial design, as well as informing triage decisions at primary stroke centers. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:1117–1129
C−N Coupling through Hydroaminoalkylation on a Single‐Atom Rh Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Li Yuting , Tang Yu , Tao Franklin (Feng)
Published: February 2023

C−N coupling is significant for the synthesis of fine chemicals toward various applications. Hydroaminoalkylation of olefins is a tandem reaction of C−N coupling involving first the formation of an aldehyde through hydroformylation of an olefin and then the production of amine through reductive amination of the aldehyde. Here we report a stable, supported catalyst of singly dispersed Rh1 atoms anchored on TiO2 (P25) nanoparticles designated as Rh1/P25. Its high activity for C−N coupling was demonstrated by six hydroaminoalkylations of olefins and amines with selectivity of higher than 90% for producing tertiary amines. The singly dispersed Rh1O4 on P25 exhibit activity and selectivity for hydroaminoalkylation comparable or even higher than some reported molecular catalysts. In contrast to molecular catalysts, the Rh‐based single‐atom Rh heterogeneous catalysis (Rh1/P25) can be readily separated from reactants and products, reused for multiple runs of hydroaminoalkylation, and recycled with a low cost.
Designing Heteroatom‐Codoped Iron Metal–Organic Framework for Promotional Photoreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene
Authors: Guo Fan , Li Rui‐Xia , Yang Sizhuo , Zhang Xiao‐Yu , Yu Hongjian , Urban Jeffrey J. , Sun Wei‐Yin
Published: February 2023

Rational engineering active sites and vantage defects of catalysts are promising but grand challenging task to enhance photoreduction CO2 to high value‐added C2 products. In this study, we designed an N,S‐codoped Fe‐based MIL‐88B catalyst with well‐defined bipyramidal hexagonal prism morphology via a facile and effective process, which was synthesized by addition of appropriate 1,2‐benzisothiazolin‐3‐one (BIT) and acetic acid to the reaction solution. Under simulated solar irradiation, the designed catalyst exhibits high C2H4 evolution yield of 17.7 μmol g−1⋅h, which has been rarely achieved in photocatalytic CO2 reduction process. The synergistic effect of Fe‐N coordinated sites and reasonable defects in the N,S‐codoped photocatalyst can accelerate the migration of photogenerated carriers, resulting in high electron density, and this in turn helps to facilitate the formation and dimerization of C−C coupling intermediates for C2H4 effectively.
A Pair of Interconverting Cages Formed from Achiral Precursors Spontaneously Resolve into Homochiral Conformers
Authors: Zuo Yong , Liu Xiaoning , Fu Enguang , Zhang Shaodong
Published: February 2023

Without chiral induction the emergence of homochirality from achiral molecules is rather serendipitous, as the rationale is somewhat ambiguous. We herein provide a plausible solution. From achiral precursors are formed a pair of interconverting cage conformers that exhibit a C3‐axis as the only symmetry element. When their interconversion is impeded with intramolecular H‐bonding, each conformer self‐sorts into a homochiral crystal, which is driven by a helical network of multivalent intermolecular interactions during the self‐assembly of homochiral cage conformers. As no chiral induction is involved throughout, we believe our study could enlighten the rational design for the emergence of homochirality with several criteria: 1) formation of a molecule without inversion center or mirror plane; 2) suppression of the enantiomeric interconversion, and introduction of multivalent interactions along the helical trajectory of screw symmetry within the resulting superstructure.
Enzyme Engineering for High‐Yielding Amide Formation: Lipase‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐Acyl Glycines in Aqueous Media
Authors: Kua Glen Kai Bin , Nguyen Giang Kien Truc , Li Zhi
Published: February 2023

Amide syntheses remain a key challenging green chemistry reaction. For instance, green synthesis of N‐acyl glycines as biosurfactants and therapeutics is highly desirable to replace chemical pathways using toxic phosgene. Herein, we report a novel concept for enzymatic amidation in an aqueous system via glycerol activation of fatty acids and theirsubsequent aminolysis with glycine to synthesize N‐acyl glycines. We then engineer an enzyme (proRML) by reshaping its catalytic pocket to enhance its aminolysis activity and catalytic efficiency by 103‐fold and 465‐fold, respectively. The evolved proRML (D156S/L258K/L267N/S83D/L58K/R86K/W88V) catalyzed the amidation of a fatty acid with glycine to give N‐lauroylglycine with high yield (80 %). It accepts a broad range of medium‐ to long‐chain fatty acids (C8–C18), giving high yields of N‐decanoyl‐, N‐myristoyl‐, and N‐oleoylglycine. The developed amidation concept may be general, and the engineered enzyme is useful for the green synthesis of N‐acyl glycines.
Correlative Cellular Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Amperometry Show Dose Dependent Changes in Lipid Composition and Exocytosis
Authors: Barut Inci , He Xiulan , Sener Erol , Sämfors Sanna , Ewing Andrew G. , Fletcher John S.
Published: February 2023

Aberrant functioning of the proteasome has been associated with crucial pathologic conditions including neurodegeneration. Yet, the complex underlying causes at the cellular level remain unclear and there are conflicting reports of neuroprotective to neurodegenerative effects of proteasomal inhibitors such as lactacystin that are utilised as models for neurodegenerative diseases. The conflicting results may be associated with different dose regimes of lactacystin and hence we have performed a dose dependent study of the effects of lactacystin to identify concurrent changes in the cell membrane lipid profile and the dynamics of exocytosis using a combination of surface sensitive mass spectrometry and single cell amperometry. Significant changes of negatively charged lipids were associated with different lactacystin doses that showed a weak correlation with exocytosis while changes in PE and PE−O lipids showed dose dependent changes correlated with initial pore formation and total release of vesicle content respectively.
A Quadruply Bridged Non‐Offset Face‐to‐Face Porphyrin Dimer and Cross‐Shaped Pentameric Porphyrin Tapes Based on 2,7,12,17‐Tetrakis(pinacolatoboryl) NiII Porphyrin
Authors: Ye Meng , Deng Fangling , Xu Ling , Rao Yutao , Yin Bangshao , Zhou Mingbo , Kurosaki Ryo , Aratani Naoki , Osuka Atsuhiro , Song Jianxin
Published: February 2023

2,7,12,17‐Tetrakis(pinacolatoboryl) NiII porphyrin 5 Ni was synthesized in 75 % yield by Ir‐catalyzed borylation of porphine followed by NiII metalation and has been demonstrated to be a useful synthon, giving 2,7,12,17‐tetraaryated NiII porphyrins 6 a–d, peripherally octaarylated NiII porphyrins 8 a–d, quadruply bridged face‐to‐face non‐offset NiII‐porphyrin dimer 12, and cross‐shaped β‐meso singly linked porphyrin pentamers and nonamers. Oxidation of cross‐shaped β‐meso singly linked porphyrin pentamers 14 Ni and 14 Zn gave fused pentameric tapes 15 Ni and 15 Zn. The structures of 12, 14 Zn, and 15 Ni have been revealed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Optical separation of 12 has been accomplished, showing a bisignate coupling pattern for exciton‐coupled blue‐shifted Soret band. Pentameric porphyrin tape 15 Zn exhibits a red‐shifted absorption band at 1156 nm and seven reversible redox waves.
Managing Secondary Phase Lead Iodide in Hybrid Perovskites via Surface Reconstruction for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with Robust Environmental Stability
Authors: Ye Linfeng , Guo Pengfei , Su Jie , Zhang Kaiyuan , Liu Chen , Yang Penghui , Zhao Wenhao , Zhao Pengzhen , Liu Zhe , Chang Jingjing , Ye Qian , Wang Hongqiang
Published: February 2023

Rationally managing the secondary‐phase excess lead iodide (PbI2) in hybrid perovskite is of significance for pursuing high performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs), while the challenge remains on its conversion to a homogeneous layer that is robust stable against environmental stimuli. We herein demonstrate an effective strategy of surface reconstruction that converts the excess PbI2 into a gradient lead sulfate‐silica bi‐layer, which substantially stabilizes the perovskite film and reduces interfacial charge transfer barrier in the PSCs device. The perovskite films with such bi‐layer could bear harsh conditions such as soaking in water, light illumination at 70 % relative humidity, and the damp‐thermal (85 °C and 30 % humidity) environment. The resulted PSCs deliver a champion efficiency up to 24.09 %, as well as remarkable environmental stability, e.g., retaining 78 % of their initial efficiency after 5500 h of shelf storage, and 82 % after 1000 h of operational stability testing.
The Directional Crystallization Process of Poly (triazine imide) Single Crystals in Molten Salts
Authors: Liang Xiaocong , Xue Sikang , Yang Can , Ye Xiaoyuan , Wang Yulan , Chen Qidi , Lin Wei , Hou Yidong , Zhang Guigang , Shalom Menny , Yu Zhiyang , Wang Xinchen
Published: February 2023

Poly (triazine imide) photocatalysts prepared via molten salt methods emerge as promising polymer semiconductors with one‐step excitation capacity of overall water splitting. Unveiling the molecular conjugation, nucleation, and crystallization processes of PTI crystals is crucial for their controllable structure design. Herein, microscopy characterization was conducted at the PTI crystallization front from meso to nano scales. The heptazine‐based precursor was found to depolymerize to triazine monomers within molten salts and KCl cubes precipitate as the leading cores that guide the directional stacking of PTI molecular units to form aggregated crystals. Upon this discovery, PTI crystals with improved dispersibility and enhanced photocatalytic performance were obtained by tailoring the crystallization fronts. This study advances insights into the directional assembling of PTI monomers on salt templates, placing a theoretical foundation for the ordered condensation of polymer crystals.
Spectroscopy vs. Electrochemistry: Catalyst Layer Thickness Effects on Operando/In Situ Measurements
Authors: Diercks Justus S. , Herranz Juan , Ebner Kathrin , Diklić Nataša , Georgi Maximilian , Chauhan Piyush , Clark Adam H. , Nachtegaal Maarten , Eychmüller Alexander , Schmidt Thomas J.
Published: February 2023

In recent years, operando/in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has become an important tool in the electrocatalysis community. However, the high catalyst loadings often required to acquire XA‐spectra with a satisfactory signal‐to‐noise ratio frequently imply the use of thick catalyst layers (CLs) with large ion‐ and mass‐transport limitations. To shed light on the impact of this variable on the spectro‐electrochemical results, in this study we investigate Pd‐hydride formation in carbon‐supported Pd‐nanoparticles (Pd/C) and an unsupported Pd‐aerogel with similar Pd surface areas but drastically different morphologies and electrode packing densities. Our in situ XAS and rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements with different loadings unveil that the CL‐thickness largely determines the hydride formation trends inferred from spectro‐electrochemical experiments, therewith calling for the minimization of the CL‐thickness in such experiments and the use of complementary thin‐film control measurements.
The Origin of Solvent Deprotonation in LiI‐added Aprotic Electrolytes for Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Wang Aiping , Wu Xiaohong , Zou Zheyi , Qiao Yu , Wang Da , Xing Lidan , Chen Yuhui , Lin Yuxiao , Avdeev Maxim , Shi Siqi
Published: February 2023

LiI and LiBr have been employed as soluble redox mediators (RMs) in electrolytes to address the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction kinetics during charging in aprotic Li‐O2 batteries. Compared to LiBr, LiI exhibits a redox potential closer to the theoretical one of discharge products, indicating a higher energy efficiency. However, the reason for the occurrence of solvent deprotonation in LiI‐added electrolytes remains unclear. Here, by combining ab initio calculations and experimental validation, we find that it is the nucleophile
that triggers the solvent deprotonation and LiOH formation via nucleophilic attack, rather than the increased solvent acidity or the elongated C−H bond as previously suggested. As a comparison, the formation of
in LiBr‐added electrolytes is found to be thermodynamically unfavorable, explaining the absence of LiOH formation. These findings provide important insight into the solvent deprotonation and pave the way for the practical application of LiI RM in aprotic Li‐O2 batteries.
pH‐Triggered Recovery of Organic Polymer Photocatalytic Particles for the Production of High Value Compounds and Enhanced Recyclability
Authors: Li Rong , Heuer Julian , Kuckhoff Thomas , Landfester Katharina , Ferguson Calum T. J.
Published: February 2023

Pseudo‐homogeneous polymeric photocatalysts are an emerging class of highly efficient and tunable photocatalytic materials, where the photocatalytic centers are easily accessible. The creation of highly efficient photocatalytic materials that can be rapidly separated and recovered is one of the critical challenges in photocatalytic chemistry. Here, we describe pH‐responsive photocatalytic nanoparticles that are active and well‐dispersed under acidic conditions but aggregate instantly upon elevation of pH, enabling easy recovery. These responsive photocatalytic polymers can be used in various photocatalytic transformations, including CrVI reduction and photoredox alkylation of indole derivative. Notably, the cationic nature of the photocatalyst accelerates reaction rate of an anionic substrate compared to uncharged species. These photocatalytic particles could be readily recycled allowing multiple successive photocatalytic reactions with no clear loss in activity.
Carboxylic Acid Salts as Dual‐Function Reagents for Carboxylation and Carbon Isotope Labeling
Authors: Wang Shuo , Larrosa Igor , Yorimitsu Hideki , Perry Gregory J. P.
Published: February 2023

The potassium salts of carboxylic acids are developed as efficient carboxylating agents through CO2 exchange. We describe these carboxylates as dual‐function reagents because they function as a combined source of CO2 and base/metalating agent. By using the salt of a commercially available carboxylic acid, this protocol overcomes difficulties when using CO2 gas or organometallic reagents, such as pressurized containers or strictly inert conditions. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, does not require transition metals or other additives, and shows broad substrate scope. Through the preparation of several biologically important molecules, we show how this strategy provides an opportunity for isotope labeling with low equivalents of labeled CO2.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially ChiralN,N′‐Bisindoles
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Han , Li Tian‐Zhen , Wang Ning‐Yi , Ma Xiao‐Fang , Ni Shao‐Fei , Zhang Yu‐Chen , Shi Feng
Published: February 2023

This study establishes the first organocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of axially chiralN,N′‐bisindoles via chiral phosphoric acid‐catalyzed formal (3+2) cycloadditions of indole‐based enaminones as novel platform molecules with 2,3‐diketoesters, where de novo indole‐ring formation is involved. Using this new strategy, various axially chiralN,N′‐bisindoles were synthesized in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 87 % yield and 96 % ee). More importantly, this class of axially chiralN,N′‐bisindoles exhibited some degree of cytotoxicity toward cancer cells and was derived into axially chiral phosphine ligands with high catalytic activity. This study provides a new strategy for enantioselective synthesis of axially chiralN,N′‐bisindoles using asymmetric organocatalysis and is the first to realize the applications of such scaffolds in medicinal chemistry and asymmetric catalysis.
Engineered Binding Microenvironments in Halogen Bonding Polymers for Enhanced Anion Sensing
Authors: Bąk Krzysztof M. , Patrick Sophie C. , Li Xiaoxiong , Beer Paul D. , Davis Jason J.
Published: February 2023

Mimicking Nature's polymeric protein architectures by designing hosts with binding cavities screened from bulk solvent is a promising approach to achieving anion recognition in competitive media. Accomplishing this, however, can be synthetically demanding. Herein we present a synthetically tractable approach, by directly incorporating potent supramolecular anion‐receptive motifs into a polymeric scaffold, tuneable through a judicious selection of the co‐monomer. A comprehensive analysis of anion recognition and sensing is demonstrated with redox‐active, halogen bonding polymeric hosts. Notably, the polymeric hosts consistently outperform their monomeric analogues, with especially large halide binding enhancements of ca. 50‐fold observed in aqueous‐organic solvent mixtures. These binding enhancements are rationalised by the generation and presentation of low dielectric constant binding microenvironments from which there is appreciable solvent exclusion.
A Photoisomerizable Zinc (II) Complex Inhibits Microtubule Polymerization for Photoactive Therapy
Authors: Cao Fengshu , Wang Haobing , Lu Nong , Zhang Pingyu , Huang Huaiyi
Published: February 2023

The photoisomerization‐induced cytotoxicity in photopharmacology provides a unique pathway for phototherapy because it is independent of endogenous oxygen. In this study, we developed a biosafe photoisomerizable zinc(II) complex (Zn1), which releases its trans ligand (trans‐L1) after being irradiated with blue light. This causes the complex to undergo photoisomerization and produce the toxic cis product (cis‐L1) and generate singlet oxygen (1O2). The resulting series of events caused impressive phototoxicity in hypoxic A431 skin cancer cells, as well as in a tumor model in vivo. Interestingly, Zn1 was able to inhibit tumor microtubule polymerization, while still showing good biocompatibility and biosafety in vivo. This photoisomerizable zinc(II) complex provides a novel strategy for addressing the oxygen‐dependent limitation of traditional photodynamic therapy.
Aminohalogenation of maleimides with alkylamines and XCH2CH2X (X = Cl, Br)
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Xu Yaling , Chen Luya , Ma Yunfei , Wu Ge
Published: February 2023

The nucleophilic substitution of organohalides with alkylamines is one of the most heralded reactions in synthetic chemistry. However, the resulting halide anions are often wasted in routine workup experiments and not fully utilized. Herein, we report a halogen recycling strategy for radical aminohalogenation of maleimides with XCH2CH2X (X = Cl, Br) and alkylamines with excellent functional group compatibility. The strategy's excellent generality is demonstrated by 38 aminohalogenated products, twofold aminochlorination, and late‐stage vinylchlorination of nortriptyline.
Development of ZnO/PANI/Ag nanocomposite for synthesis of bioactive xanthene‐1,8(2H)‐dione derivatives
Authors: Nisha  , Kohli Sahil , Sharma Neera , Chandra Ramesh
Published: February 2023

In this work, we have developed an effective and novel heterogeneous ZnO/polyaniline (PANI)/Ag nanocomposite, which was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDAX), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation method at low temperature. The obtained ZnO nanoparticles were used for its surface functionalization with PANI‐supported silver nanoparticles via self‐assembly redox polymerization method. Further, the high catalytic activity of ZnO/PANI/Ag nanocatalyst was investigated for the one‐pot synthesis of xanthene derivatives via condensation of 5,5‐dimethylcyclohexane‐1,3‐dione and different aromatic aldehydes under neat reaction condition. The advantage of this current work includes short reaction time, easy work‐up, solvent free, high product yield, good chemistry metrices values, easily recoverable and reusable catalyst up to six cycles.
Effect of curing time on the mechanical properties of poly(glycerol sebacate)
Authors: Wu Zebin , Jin Kaixiang , Wang Lizhen , Fan Yubo
Published: February 2023

Biodegradable polymers have been widely used in tissue engineering for their good biocompatibility, controlled mechanical properties and processability. Among them, poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is a promising biodegradable polymer that has been used in diverse tissue engineering applications such as skin, muscle, cornea, nerve, vessel, cartilage, and so on. However, one of the synthesis parameters, curing time on PGS properties is still a confusing problem waiting to be resolved. In this article, PGS was cured for 0, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 h at 130°C and their properties were characterized by a series of techniques. Differential scanning calorimetry results indicated that the melting point, crystallization temperature, melting enthalpy and crystallization enthalpy of PGS decreased with the increase of curing time. Curing time was positively correlated to the degree of crosslinking. Longer curing time not only enhanced Young's modulus of PGS but also reduced its hydrophilicity. The Young's modulus of PGS curing for 96 h was about 5 times higher than that of PGS curing for 36 h. This study suggests that the effect of curing time on PGS properties provides detailed reference for potential applications.
Effects of halloysite nanotubes modified by organic phosphate on the performance improvement for polypropylene
Authors: Deng Zhaopeng , Meng Xin , Li Chenyang , Yao Zhongyang , Gong Weiguang
Published: February 2023

The enhancement of halloysite nanotubes (HNT) for polymer mechanical performance is limited due to the poor compatibility with matrix. In this work, hydrophobic 2,2′‐methylene‐bis‐(4,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl) organic phosphate (MBP) with multiple methyl groups was firstly used for HNT compatibilization modification. The hydrophobicity transition of modified HNT (HNT‐M) and the dispersibility difference in isotactic polypropylene (iPP) matrix were distinguished by water contact angle and SEM analyses, respectively. In addition, the binding energy evaluated the interfacial interaction and compatibility with matrix before and after modification by molecular dynamic simulation. Correspondingly, the iPP performance was optimized after addition of HNT‐M. The onset decomposition temperature of system at 5% and 10% weight loss was increased by 7 and 11°C compared with neat iPP, respectively. Moreover, the flexural modulus and impact strength of iPP/HNT‐M system were 18.9% and 9.6% higher than neat iPP showing simultaneous enhancement. In addition, iPP/HNT‐M system crystallized begin at higher temperature showing enhanced crystallization ability. Furthermore, the faster crystallization process and more uniform spherulite size were obtained. As a result, the enhancement for iPP performance was obtained when the compatibility between HNT and matrix was improved through surface modification.
Co‐catalytic system design for deriving reactive diluent to construct robust benzoxazine resin with microphase‐separated structure
Authors: Li Qing , Xiang Shuangfei , Fu Feiya , Liu Xiangdong , Zhao Shujun
Published: February 2023

Exploitation a facile and effective strategy for preparing benzoxazine resins with outstanding processability and robust mechanical properties still exists a challenge. In this work, a co‐catalytic concept was proposed to fabricate high‐performance benzoxazine resin by employing curing agent to derive reactive diluent to construct microphase‐separated system. Given on the design, the reactive diluent dissolved solid benzoxazine into a low‐viscosity solution, after which the curing agent presented a catalytic effect on diluent and benzoxazine to optimize the curing crosslinking reactions. As a result, it not only increased crosslinking density for a stable mechanical network, but also induced a microphase‐separated structure to effectively dissipate energy for a strong yet tough resin system, as proved by Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analyses measurements. Moreover, the as‐prepared modified benzoxazine resin showed great potential to fabricated composites with glass fiber, in which the values of tensile strength, elongation at break, and toughness presented an improvement of 212.1%, 106.8%, and 75.0% compared to composite with pristine PH‐ddm and glass fiber, respectively. These results suggested an effective path to improve the processability and overall mechanical properties of benzoxazine resins, opening a new strategy to develop high‐performance benzoxazine materials.
A graphite furnace‐atomic absorption spectrometry‐based rubidium efflux assay for screening activators of the Kv7.2/3 channel
Authors: Bartz Frieda‐Marie , Beirow Kristin , Wurm Konrad , Baecker Daniel , Link Andreas , Bednarski Patrick J.
Published: February 2023

For the characterization of Kv7.2/3 channel activators, several analytical methods are available that vary in effort and cost. In addition to the technically elaborate patch‐clamp method, which serves as a reference method, there exist several medium to high‐throughput screening methods including a rubidium efflux flame‐atomic absorption spectrometry (F‐AAS) assay and a commercial thallium uptake fluorescence‐based assay. In this study, the general suitability of a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF‐AAS)‐based rubidium efflux assay as a screening method for Kv7.2/3 channel activators was demonstrated. With flupirtine serving as a reference compound, 16 newly synthesizedcompounds and the known Kv7.2/3 activator retigabine were first classified as either active or inactive by using the GF‐AAS‐based rubidium (Rb) efflux assay. Then, the results were compared with a thallium (Tl) uptake fluorescence‐based fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) potassium assay. Overall, 16 of 17 compounds were classified by the GF‐AAS‐based assay in agreement with their channel‐activating properties determined by the more expensive Tl uptake, fluorescence‐based assay. Thus, the performance of the GF‐AAS‐based Rb assay for primary drug screening of Kv7.2/3‐activating compounds was clearly demonstrated, as documented by the calculated Z’‐factor of the GF‐AAS‐based method. Moreover, method development included optimization of the coating of the microtiter plates and the washing procedure, which extended the range of this assay to poorly adherent cells such as the HEK293 cells used in this study.
Transforming musculoskeletal anatomy learning with haptic surface painting
Authors: Shapiro Leonard , Hobbs Ella , Keenan Iain D.
Published: February 2023

Anatomical body painting has traditionally been utilized to support learner engagement and understanding of surface anatomy. Learners apply two‐dimensional representations of surface markings directly on to the skin, based on the identification of key landmarks. Esthetically satisfying representations of musculature and viscera can also be created. However, established body painting approaches do not typically address three‐dimensional spatial anatomical concepts. Haptic Surface Painting (HSP) is a novel activity, distinct from traditional body painting, and aims to develop learner spatial awareness. The HSP process is underpinned by previous work describing how a Haptico‐visual observation and drawing method can support spatial, holistic, and collaborative anatomy learning. In HSP, superficial and underlying musculoskeletal and vascular structures are located haptically by palpation. Transparent colors are then immediately applied to the skin using purposive and cross‐contour drawing techniques to produce corresponding visual representations of learner observation and cognition. Undergraduate students at a United Kingdom medical school (n = 7) participated in remote HSP workshops and focus groups. A phenomenological study of learner perspectives identified four themes from semantic qualitative analysis of transcripts: Three‐dimensional haptico‐visual exploration relating to learner spatial awareness of their own anatomy; cognitive freedom and accessibility provided by a flexible and empowering learning process; altered perspectives of anatomical detail, relationships, and clinical relevance; and delivery and context, relating to curricular integration, session format, and educator guidance. This work expands the pedagogic repertoire of anatomical body painting and has implications for anatomy educators seeking to integrate innovative, engaging, and effective learning approaches for transforming student learning.
Mechanistic Insights into the Synergistic Effect of Palladium(0) and Copper(I) on the Selective Transformation of Isocyanate to Indole
Authors: Ding Cai‐Yun , Li Man , Liao Rong‐Zhen
Published: February 2023

Density functional theory calculations have been utilized to investigate the synergistic effect of palladium(0) and copper(I) catalyzed selective formation of allylated indole from (2‐alkynyl)‐phenylisocyanate and allyl methyl carbonate. The main competing reaction yielding theN‐allyl carbamate was also considered. Calculated results indicate that using the Pd(0)‐complex alone, the generation of indole is kinetically much less favored than producing theN‐allyl carbamate compound. However, the co‐addition of Cu(I) catalyst can considerably decrease the barrier for the intramolecular cyclization step, leading to the formation of the indole product. Analysis of the cyclization process suggests that Cu(I) complex can act as a Lewis acid to activate the linear alkyne group via a π‐coordination manner prior to the formation of a 5‐membered ring transition state toward indole formation. Altogether, the mechanistic insights revealed in the present study aim at a better understanding of the mechanism and the factors governing the selectivity in synergistic Pd/Cu catalysis.
Photometric BVR observations of comet C/2012 J1 (Catalina) before and after perihelion
Authors: Betzler A. S. , de Sousa O. F.
Published: February 2023

We analyzed the BVR photometry of comet C/2012 J1 (Catalina) taken between March 2013 and May 2014 with telescopes ranging from 0.20 to 2.0 m aperture in Australia, Europe, and the United States. We found an absolute magnitude in the R‐band of H0 = 7.2 ± 0.1 measured with a photometric aperture radius ρ of 42.4 arcsec, corresponding to projected distances in the sky of 7.2 × 104–1.5 × 105 km. Comet C/2012 J1 (Catalina) shows an asymmetric secular light curve, which is typical for comets. The nucleus has a minimum radius of 3.3 km admitting an albedo of 0.04. The inner coma exhibited radial pulsations before perihelion related to the dust rate proxy Afρ. The Afρ parameter was inversely proportional to the photometric aperture radius ρ because the angular diameter of the coma was small compared with the aperture radii used. The comet had three outbursts with brightness variations between 0.2 and 2.99 magnitudes per event. The median normalized reflectivity gradient S′ is 4.4 with an amplitude of 22.9%/100 nm in the spectral range between 440 and 647 nm. The dispersion of the gradient S′ means that 20% of the measurements are bluer than the solar color.
Self‐reported quality of life in symptomatic and asymptomatic women with X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Schäfer Lisa , Roicke Hannes , Bergner Christa‐Caroline , Köhler Wolfgang
Published: February 2023

Background

Up to 80% of women with X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD) develop symptoms of myelopathy and peripheral neuropathy during their lifetime. The study's objective was to compare symptomatic versus asymptomatic women with X‐ALD regarding their physical and mental well‐being and quality of life.

Methods

Data were obtained from a prospective, international, cross‐sectional cohort study of women with X‐ALD recruited both clinically and population based. Symptoms, quality of life, and physical and mental co‐morbidities were assessed by questionnaires. Women were considered symptomatic if they reported any sign of myelopathy or peripheral neuropathy. Group differences between symptomatic versus asymptomatic women and between age groups were examined using χ2 tests for categorical and independent sample t tests or analysis of variance for continuous variables.

Results

Complete data were available from N = 180 women (mean age: 51.2 ± 13.6 years, range: 18–85), of whom 71.7% were classified as symptomatic, with prevalence increasing with age. Symptomatic versus asymptomatic women reported poorer physical and mental health, with 26.4% meeting the criteria for a clinical depression, 73.6% reporting chronic pain, 80.6% sleeping disturbances, 38.2% sexual dysfunction, and 47.3% restless legs syndrome. Large group differences were found on the physical health, but not on the mental health component of quality of life, where symptomatic women only differed when controlling for having a boy affected by X‐ALD (small effect) and treatment frequency (medium effect).

Conclusions

Symptomatic women with X‐ALD present with physical and psychological co‐morbidities significantly reducing individuals’ quality of life. The findings emphasize the need to develop new multi‐disciplinary treatment options tailored to women's specific needs.
The association between HDL‐C and stroke in the middle‐aged and elderly: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hu Yang , Song Min , Wu Dongmei , Zhang Yuqing , Li Gongbo , Luo Haiyan
Published: February 2023

Background

Previous epidemiological studies have indicated that high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) is inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, this issue has aroused controversy in recent years. Besides, the relationship between HDL‐C and the risk of total stroke in sex and race is less clear. Thus, we aimed to examine the association between different ranges of HDL‐C and the risk of total stroke in adults over 40 years old.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted on a sample of 8643 participants (4222 men and 4421 women) aged ≥40 years old from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2016. HDL‐C was an independent variable and stroke was a dependent variable in this study, with the other variables as potential effect modifiers. To examine the associations between them, we used multivariate logistical regression models and smooth curve fittings, as well as subgroup analyses.

Results

HDL‐C was inversely associated with stroke when HDL‐C was less than 1.55 mmol/L (odds ratio [OR] = 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] :0.21–0.62, p < .05). However, above 1.55 mmol/L, the incidence of stroke was not significant (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.79–2.09, p>.05). Stratified by race/ethnicity and sex, the subgroup analyses demonstrated that HDL‐C was inversely associated with stroke in men and Whites, but no significant differences among women, Mexicans, blacks, and other races.

Conclusion

We found a nonlinear relationship between HDL‐C and total stroke. Our study reveals a range of inverse associations between HDL‐C and stroke (HDL‐C<1.55 mmol/L), especially among men and Whites. This finding suggested that maintaining an appropriate HDL‐C range may be beneficial in reducing the incidence of stroke.
Predicted resting metabolic rate and prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Lin Xiaoyu , Cheng Aichun , Pan Yuesong , Wang Mengxing , Meng Xia , Wang Yongjun
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) could represent metabolic health status. This study aims to examine the association of the predicted RMR with 1‐year poor functional outcome and all‐cause mortality in patients with ischemic stroke as a proxy of metabolic profile.

Methods

A total of 15,166 patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) from the Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR‐III) were enrolled in this study. The Harris–Benedict equation based on sex, age, weight, and height was used to predict RMR. The primary endpoints were poor functional outcome defined as ≥3 modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score and all‐cause mortality within 1 year. The association between predicted RMR and prognosis was assessed by multivariable regression analysis. Besides that, subgroup analysis of age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) with predicted RMR was also performed.

Results

12.85% (1657) individuals had poor functional outcome and 2.87% (380) died of whatever causes within 1 year. An inverse association was found between predicted RMR with poor functional outcome and all‐cause mortality. Compared to the lowest quartile, the highest quartile was significantly associated with lower risk of poor functional outcome (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.43 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33–0.56]) and all‐cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.44 [95% CI 0.28–0.71]). No significant interaction was between predicted RMR and specified subgroup.

Conclusions

Predicted RMR by the Harris–Benedict equation seems to be an independent protective predictor of poor functional outcome and all‐cause mortality after ischemic stroke as a metabolic proxy.
Role, race, and place: Prostate cancer disparities in Patients' and Partners' health outcomes and psychosocial factors
Authors: Song Lixin , Keyserling Thomas C. , Chen Ronald C. , Ma Chunxuan , Xu Shenmeng , Shieh Karl , Fuller Gail P. , Nielsen Matthew E. , Northouse Laurel L. , Tan Xianming , Rini Christine
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the effects of participant role (patient vs. partner), race (white vs. non‐white), and place (less vs. more neighborhood deprivation) on health outcomes (quality of life [QOL] and symptoms) and stress‐coping‐related psychosocial factors (appraisals of illness and coping resources).

Methods

This descriptive study included 273 patients and their partners (dyads) who transitioned from PCa treatment to self‐management. We used established, psychometrically sound measures to assess health outcomes and psychosocial factors and conducted multilevel modeling analyses.

Results

Compared to partners, patients reported worse physical QOL; less frequent anxiety; less pain and fatigue; less bothersome hormonal problems; more bothersome urinary and sexual problems; greater self‐efficacy; and more instrumental support. Compared to their white counterparts, non‐white dyads reported better overall, emotional, and functional QOL; less depression; more positive appraisals, and greater self‐efficacy. Compared to dyads in low ADI neighborhoods, dyads in high ADI (more deprived) neighborhoods reported worse social QOL; more bothersome urinary, sexual, and hormonal symptoms; and less interpersonal support. White patients reported the highest emotional support among all groups, while white partners reported the lowest emotional support.

Conclusion

Our findings underscore the need to consider social determinants of health at multiple levels when investigating PCa disparities. Considering neighborhood‐level socioeconomic factors, in addition to race and role, improves our understanding of the PCa disparities in QOL, symptoms, and psychosocial factors among patients and partners. Targeted multilevel supportive care interventions should tailor to the needs of racially diverse PCa patients and partners residing in deprived neighborhoods are needed.
Do young adults with cancer receive information about treatment‐related impact on sex life? Results from a population‐based study
Authors: Bergström Charlotta , Lampic Claudia , Roy Ricky , Hedman Christel , Ahlgren Johan , Ståhl Olof , Smedby Karin E. , Hellman Kristina , Henriksson Roger , Eriksson Lars E. , Wettergren Lena
Published: February 2023

Background

Sexual dysfunction is common following a cancer diagnosis in young adulthood (18–39 years) and problems related to sex life are ranked among the core concerns in this age group. Yet, few studies have investigated to what extent adults younger than 40, receive information from healthcare providers about the potential impact of cancer and its treatment on their sex life.

Methods

A population‐based cross‐sectional survey study was conducted with 1010 young adults 1.5 years after being diagnosed with cancer (response rate 67%). Patients with breast, cervical, ovarian and testicular cancer, lymphoma, and brain tumors were identified in national quality registries. Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with receiving information were examined using multivariable binary logistic regression.

Results

Men to a higher extent than women reported having received information about potential cancer‐related impact on their sex life (68% vs. 54%, p < 0.001). Receipt of information varied across diagnoses; in separate regression models, using lymphoma as reference, both women and men with brain tumors were less likely to receive information (women: OR 0.10, CI = 0.03–0.30; men: OR 0.37, CI = 0.16–0.85). More intensive treatment was associated with higher odds of receiving information in both women (OR 1.89; CI = 1.28–2.79) and men (OR 2.08; CI = 1.09–3.94). None of the sociodemographic factors were associated with receipt of information.

Conclusions

To improve sexual health communication to young adults with cancer, we recommend diagnosis‐specific routines that clarify when in the disease trajectory to discuss these issues with patients and what to address in these conversations.