bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Temperature (In)homogeneity during Hot Stamping on Deformation Behavior, Structure, and Properties of Brass Valves
Authors: Kunčická Lenka , Kocich Radim
Published: December 2021

Herein, assessing the effects of initial temperature (in)homogeneity on a hot‐stamped CuZn40Pb2 medical gas valve (fitting) via numerically and experimentally defining mutual relations of selected deformation parameters and optimizing temperature distribution within the original semi‐product heated via induction are focused. For these purposes, three preheating regimes are simulated, and deformation behaviors are evaluated. The predicted results are validated by experimental stamping and subsequent evaluation of the structure and properties of stamped fittings. The results show that preheating the semi‐product with a certain temperature gradient occurring between the axial and (sub)surface regions is favorable, as homogeneous initial temperature distribution results in rapid surface cooling by the effect of heat transfer from semi‐product to die, which imparts inhomogeneous stress distribution, local changes in structural phases, and possible occurrence of oxides. Too low (sub)surface temperature of the semi‐product can result in a significant (local) increase in flow stress, which consequently results in the danger of occurrence of forming defects. The brass fitting stamped with the optimized preheating procedure features an average grain size of 5.8 μm, uniform grains’ orientations with maximum texture intensity of two times random, and ultimate tensile strength of almost 400 MPa, while maintaining elongation to failure of more than 35%.
Biosensors and Point‐of‐Care Devices for Bacterial Detection: Rapid Diagnostics Informing Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: Gopal Ashna , Yan Li , Kashif Saima , Munshi Tasnim , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Chen Xianfeng
Published: December 2021

With an exponential rise in antimicrobial resistance and stagnant antibiotic development pipeline, there is, more than ever, a crucial need to optimize current infection therapy approaches. One of the most important stages in this process requires rapid and effective identification of pathogenic bacteria responsible for diseases. Current gold standard techniques of bacterial detection include culture methods, polymerase chain reactions, and immunoassays. However, their use is fraught with downsides with high turnaround time and low accuracy being the most prominent. This imposes great limitations on their eventual application as point‐of‐care devices. Over time, innovative detection techniques have been proposed and developed to curb these drawbacks. In this review, a systematic summary of a range of biosensing platforms is provided with a strong focus on technologies conferring high detection sensitivity and specificity. A thorough analysis is performed and the benefits and drawbacks of each type of biosensor are highlighted, the factors influencing their potential as point‐of‐care devices are discussed, and the authors' insights for their translation from proof‐of‐concept systems into commercial medical devices are provided.
Unraveling the Molar Mass Dependence of Shearing‐Induced Aggregation Structure of a High‐Mobility Polymer Semiconductor
Authors: Wang Zhongli , Gao Mengyuan , He Chunyong , Shi Weichao , Deng Yunfeng , Han Yang , Ye Long , Geng Yanhou
Published: December 2021

Aggregation‐structure formation of conjugated polymers is a fundamental problem in the field of organic electronics and remains poorly understood. Herein, the molar mass dependence of the aggregation structure of a high‐mobility conjugated copolymer (TDPP‐Se) comprising thiophene‐flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole and selenophene is thoroughly shown. Five batches of TDPP‐Se are prepared with the number‐average molecular weights (Mn) varied greatly from 21 to 135 kg mol−1. Small‐angle neutron scattering and transmission electron microscopy are combined to probe the solution structure of these polymers, consistently using a deuterated solvent. All the polymers adopt 1D rod‐like aggregation structures and the radius of the 1D rods is not sensitive to the Mn, while the length increases monotonically with Mn. By utilizing the ordered packing of the aggregated structure in solution, a highly aligned and ordered film is prepared and, thereafter, a reliable hole mobility of 13.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 is realized in organic thin‐film transistors with the moderate Mn batch via bar coating. The hole mobility is among the highest values reported for diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based polymers. This work paves the way to visualize the real aggregated structure of polymer semiconductors in solution and sheds light on the microstructure control of high‐performance electronic devices.
Advancing Photoelectrochemical Energy Conversion through Atomic Design of Catalysts
Authors: Zhao Erling , Du Kun , Yin Peng‐Fei , Ran Jingrun , Mao Jing , Ling Tao , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: December 2021

Powered by inexhaustible solar energy, photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen/ammonia production and reduction of carbon dioxide to high added‐value chemicals in eco‐friendly and mild conditions provide a highly attractive solution to carbon neutrality. Recently, substantial advances have been achieved in PEC systems by improving light absorption and charge separation/transfer in PEC devices. However, less attention is given to the atomic design of photoelectrocatalysts to facilitate the final catalytic reactions occurring at photoelectrode surface, which largely limits the overall photo‐to‐energy conversion of PEC system. Fundamental catalytic mechanisms and recent progress in atomic design of PEC materials are comprehensively reviewed by engineering of defect, dopant, facet, strain, and single atom to enhance the activity and selectivity. Finally, the emerging challenges and research directions in design of PEC systems for future photo‐to‐energy conversions are proposed.
Consumer welfare consequences of the California drought conservation mandate
Authors: Buck Steven , Nemati Mehdi , Sunding David
Published: December 2021

We measure consumer welfare losses from reductions in water use following California's conservation mandate in 2015, which imposed utility service area‐specific conservation targets of 4% up to 36%. We document imperfect compliance with the mandate and discuss factors that may explain the pattern of reductions ultimately observed. The basis for calculating welfare losses is an econometric model of residential water demand that yields local demands with elasticities ranging from −0.56 to −0.10. In terms of economic efficiency, we estimate a 20% gain in consumer welfare under the efficient allocation of conservation reductions relative to the observed pattern of reductions.
Inclusion, belonging and intercultural spaces: A narrative policy analysis of playgroups in Australia
Authors: Townley Cris
Published: December 2021

This article employs narrative policy analysis to examine how community playgroups are constructed in the ECEC policy framework, in order to understand what might exclude families, and how more families can be included in community playgroups. Playgroups are a widespread and important component of early childhood education and care (ECEC) provision in Australia, where parents and carers meet weekly with their babies, toddlers and preschool children. They are sites of social support for parents, together with play‐based learning and socialisation activities for the children. Through the lens of intersectionality theory, four narratives are constructed through analysis of interviews with policy elite informants. The classic narrative draws on the enduring model of community playgroups from the 1970s, and the vulnerability narrative centres the supported playgroup model. The belonging narrative and the intercultural narrative indicate possibilities for future policy approaches to community playgroups.
An Iron(III) Superoxide Corrole from Iron(II) and Dioxygen
Authors: Sacramento Jireh Joy D. , Albert Therese , Siegler Maxime , Moënne‐Loccoz Pierre , Goldberg David P.
Published: December 2021

A new structurally characterized ferrous corrole [FeII(ttppc)]− (1) binds one equivalent of dioxygen to form [FeIII(O2−.)(ttppc)]− (2). This complex exhibits a 16/18O2‐isotope sensitive ν(O‐O) stretch at 1128 cm−1 concomitantly with a single ν(Fe‐O2) at 555 cm−1, indicating it is an η1‐superoxo (“end‐on”) iron(III) complex. Complex 2 is the first well characterized Fe‐O2 corrole, and mediates the following biologically relevant oxidation reactions: dioxygenation of an indole derivative, and H‐atom abstraction from an activated O−H bond.
Reversible Photoswitching between Fluorescence and Room Temperature Phosphorescence by Manipulating Excited State Dynamics in Molecular Aggregates
Authors: Wang Xuanhang , Pan Guocui , Ren Haoxuan , Li Jiashu , Xu Bin , Tian Wenjing
Published: December 2021

Regulation of fluorescence–phosphorescence pathways in organic molecular aggregate remains a challenge due to the complicated singlet–triplet excited state dynamics process. Herein, we demonstrated a successful example (o‐BFT) to realize photoreversible fluorescence and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) switching based on an effective strategy of integrating a phosphor (dibenzofuran) with a photoswitch (dithienylbenzothiophene). o‐BFT exhibited dual emission of fluorescence and RTP in both powder and doping polymer film. Notably, the long‐lived RTP of o‐BFT could be repeatedly erased and restored through reversible photocyclization and decyclization under alternate ultraviolet and visible photoirradiation. In‐depth theoretical and spectroscopic investigations revealed that the triplet inactivation was dominated by a photo‐controlled triplet‐to‐singlet Förster resonance energy transfer from light‐activated o‐BFT to photoisomer c‐BFT. Yet, the initial fluorescence could be preserved in this process to afford a photoreversible fluorescence‐RTP switching.
Preparation of an eco‐friendly carbon–silicon dual‐phase rubber filler with humic acid and silica sol
Authors: Yang Shicheng , Tan Jinlong , Xue Xiaoxiao , Zhang Yulong , Sun Qi
Published: December 2021

A new type of carbon–silicon dual‐phase filler (CSDPF) was prepared from highly active and widely available humic acid and low‐cost silica sol as raw materials, which were further used for styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) by ball milling and carbonization methods. The effects of the silica sol content and the bis(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) on the structure and surface properties of the CSDPF were investigated systematically. Silica sol combined with humic acid in the carbon–silicon dual‐phase complexes in the form of SiOC, while the TESPT and carbon–silicon dual‐phase complexes were combined in the form of SiOSi in the CSDPF. As the content of silica sol increased in the dual‐phase complexes, the amount and particle size of silica on the surface of CSDPF increased. A certain amount of silica in the fabricated filler facilitated its subsequent modification and applications. Compared with CB/SBR (SBR filled with carbon black 660), the mechanical properties, thermal stability, wear resistance, and wet skid resistance of SBR filled with the CSDPF were significantly improved. This work provides a new strategy for developing CSDPF.
Evaluating the integration of body donor imaging into anatomical dissection using augmented reality
Authors: McBain Kimberly , Chen Liang , Lee Angela , O'Brien Jeremy , Ventura Nicole M. , Noël Geoffroy P. J. C.
Published: December 2021

Augmented reality (AR) has recently been utilized as an integrative teaching tool in medical curricula given its ability to view virtual objects while interacting with the physical environment. The evidence for AR in medical training, however, is limited. For this reason, the purpose of this mixed method study was to evaluate the implementation of overlaying donor‐specific diagnostic imaging (DSDI) onto corresponding body donors in a fourth‐year, dissection‐based, medical elective course entitled anatomy for surgeons (AFS). Students registered in AFS course were separated into groups, receiving either DSDI displayed on Microsoft HoloLens AR head‐mounted display (n = 12) or DSDI displayed on iPad (n = 15). To test for the change in spatial ability, students completed an anatomical mental rotation test (AMRT) prior to and following the AFS course. Students also participated in a focus group discussion and completed a survey at the end of AFS, analyzed through thematic triangulation and an unpaired, Mann Whitney U test respectively, both addressing dissection experience, DSDI relevancy to dissection, and use of AR in anatomical education. Although statistically significant differences were not found when comparing student group AMRT scores, survey and discussion data suggest that the HoloLens had improved the students' understanding of, and their spatial orientation of, anatomical relationships. Trunk dissection quality grades were significantly higher with students using the HoloLens. Although students mentioned difficulties with HoloLens software, with faculty assistance, training, and enhanced software development, there is potential for this AR tool to contribute to improved dissection quality and an immersive learning experience.
Coronal mass ejections and exoplanets: A numerical perspective
Authors: Alvarado‐Gómez Julián D. , Drake Jeremy J. , Cohen Ofer , Fraschetti Federico , Garraffo Cecilia , Poppenhäger Katja
Published: December 2021

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are more energetic than any other class of solar phenomena. They arise from the rapid release of up to erg of magnetic energy mainly in the form of particle acceleration and bulk plasma motion. Their stellar counterparts, presumably involving much larger energies, are expected to play a fundamental role in shaping the environmental conditions around low‐mass stars, in some cases perhaps with catastrophic consequences for planetary systems due to processes such as atmospheric erosion and depletion. Despite their importance, the direct observational evidence for stellar CMEs is almost non‐existent. In this way, numerical simulations constitute extremely valuable tools to shed some light on eruptive behavior in the stellar regime. Here, we review recent results obtained from realistic modeling of CMEs in active stars, highlighting their key role in the interpretation of currently available observational constraints. We include studies performed on M‐dwarf stars, focusing on how emerging signatures in different wavelengths related to these events vary as a function of the magnetic properties of the star. Finally, the implications and relevance of these numerical results are discussed in the context of future characterization of host star‐exoplanet systems.
Termination points of the facial artery—A meta‐analysis
Authors: Koziej Mateusz , Bonczar Michał , Ostrowski Patryk , Piątek‐Koziej Katarzyna , Bonczar Tomasz , Pasternak Artur , Dziedzic Martyna , Walocha Jerzy
Published: December 2021

The facial artery (FA) is the main artery supplying the anterior face, making this artery a very important structure to consider while performing plastic and reconstructive procedures. The literature shows discrepancies in anatomical classifications and the frequency of occurrence of individual variations. Therefore, the goal of this meta‐analysis is to provide surgeons with helpful knowledge about the variety of the termination of FA. Articles with data about the termination of the FA were found in major online medical databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web Of Science, and Cochrane Library. A total of 1346 articles were initially evaluated by two independent reviewers. Out of those, 24 articles matched the required criteria, and were used in this meta‐analysis. A total of 2119 studied FAs were included in this study. The FA termination patterns were divided into five previously classified types. The data show that the FA terminates most frequently as the lateral nasal or angular artery with the prevalence for this group being 69.81% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 59.83%–78.94%). Authors believe that this is the most accurate and up to date study regarding termination patterns and the prevalence of the FA. The results of this meta‐analysis could provide a helpful tool for surgeons preforming plastic and cosmetic procedures, especially when injecting dermal fillers or choosing and preforming facial flaps. Detailed anatomical knowledge about the FA may prevent potential surgical complications.
The prognostic value of TPM1–4 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tian Zhihui , Zhao Jian , Wang Yusheng
Published: December 2021

Background

Despite advances in multiple disciplinary diagnoses and treatments, the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poor. Some evidence has identified that the aberrant expression of tropomyosins (TPMs) is involved with some cancers development. However, prognostic values of TPMs in HCC have not been thoroughly investigated.

Methods

Original TPM1–4 mRNA expression of TCGA HCC data and GTEx was downloaded from UCSC XENA. Oncomine database and GSE46408 were used for verification. Clinical stages and survival analysis of TPM1–4 in HCC were performed by GEPIA2. cBioPortal was utilized to assess TPM1–4 gene alteration in HCC. TIMER2.0 was used for investigating the relevance of TPM1–4 to tumor‐infiltrating immune cells in HCC. Additionally, we constructed a TPM1–4 prognostic model to explore the value of TPM1–4 for prognostic evaluation in HCC. LinkedOmics was applied to elucidate TPM3 co‐expression networks in HCC.

Results

This present study showed that TPM1–4 was upregulated in all HCC tissues, and TPM3 overexpression was correlated with poor survival outcomes in patients with HCC. Besides, TPM3 amplification was the main altered type in TPM1–4 genetic alteration, which affected the prognosis of HCC patients. The risk model revealed that TPM1, TPM2, and TPM3 were applied to risk assessment of HCC prognosis, among which TPM3 expression was significantly higher in the high‐risk group than that in the low‐risk group. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses indicated that TPM3 may be an independent prognostic factor of HCC prognosis. In addition, TPM3 co‐expression genes mainly participated in the cell cycle by maintaining microtubule cytoskeleton in HCC progression. TPM1–4 was associated with some tumor‐infiltrating immune cells in HCC.

Conclusion

Our study detected that the expression level of TPM1–4 was all remarkably elevated in HCC, suggesting that TPM1–4 may serve an important role in HCC development. High TPM3 expression was found to be correlated with poor overall survival, and TPM3 may be an independent prognostic factor for HCC.
Substrate Enolate Intermediate and Mimic Captured in the Active Site of Streptomyces coelicolor Methylmalonyl‐CoA Epimerase**
Authors: Stunkard Lee M. , Benjamin Aaron B. , Bower James B. , Huth Tyler J. , Lohman Jeremy R.
Published: December 2021

Methylmalonyl‐CoA epimerase (MMCE) is proposed to use general acid‐base catalysis, but the proposed catalytic glutamic acids are highly asymmetrical in the active site unlike many other racemases. To gain insight into the puzzling relationships between catalytic mechanism, structure, and substrate preference, we solved Streptomyces coelicolor MMCE structures with substrate or 2‐nitropropionyl‐CoA, an intermediate/transition state analogue. Both ligand bound structures have a planar methylmalonate/2‐nitropropionyl moiety indicating a deprotonated C2 with ≥4 Å distances to either catalytic acid. Both glutamates interact with the carboxylate/nitro group, either directly or through other residues. This suggests the proposed catalytic acids sequentially catalyze proton shifts between C2 and carboxylate of the substrate with an enolate intermediate. In addition, our structures provide a platform to design mutations for expanding substrate scope to support combinatorial biosynthesis.
Prediction of left circumflex artery impingement after indirect mitral annuloplasty with the carillon device: “There is more to this than meets the eye!”
Authors: Moussa Issam D.
Published: December 2021

Key Points

CT angiography prior to indirect mitral annuloplasty with the Carillon device may provide useful information for prediction of left circumflex artery (LCX) impingement.

Application of coronary sinus to LCX distance, as a predictor of LCX impingement, needs further validation.

Future studies should examine anatomic predictors of LCX impingement within well‐defined pathophysiological subsets of patients with functional mitral regurgitation.
Do we have an ideal bleeding prediction scoring system yet?
Authors: Cilingiroglu Mehmet , Kilic Ismail Dogu
Published: December 2021

Key Points

Major bleeding is a frequent periprocedural complication of peripheral vascular interventions.

An integer scoring system can be used to stratify patients according to their bleeding risk.

Use of risk prediction scores may improve outcomes in PVI procedures; however, further studies are needed.
Left main coronary revascularization strategies in the COVID‐19 era
Authors: Kornowski Ran
Published: December 2021

Key Points

In a UK national analysis of a contemporary procedural cohort, the authors demonstrated that left main (LM) revascularization has significantly declined during the initial wave period of COVID‐19, with a clear shift towards PCI as the preferred revascularization strategy.

Adjusted in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality within each revascularization group was similar in the pre‐COVID and COVID periods, reflecting a maintenance in quality of short‐term outcomes following LM revascularization.

More data are required to explain this phenomenon and to explore the long‐term outcomes and temporal trands data.
When and how to close vessels in the cardiac catheterization laboratory
Authors: Kostantinis Spyridon , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: December 2021

Key Points

Coil embolization can be used to occlude various vessels and structures in the cardiac catheterization laboratory, such as coronary artery fistulas, left internal mammary artery side branches, coronary artery perforations, and coronary artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms.

Coiling can be achieved with high success and low complication rates.

Since coiling is performed infrequently in the cardiac catheterization laboratory, stocking an appropriate, limited selection of 0.014 inch detachable coils and learning how to deliver and deploy them can literally be a “life saver”!
Debulking uncrossable lesions with excimer laser: The interplay between device performance and limitations
Authors: Topaz On
Published: December 2021

Key Points

Excimer laser successfully debulks atherosclerotic plaques, noteworthy lesions that fail to yield (uncrossable) to standard tools.

Severe calcifications serve as an independent predictor of laser failure to recanalize uncrossable lesions, whereby other debulking technologies may better succeed.

Q‐T prolongation during lasing represents dynamic ischemia caused either by impaired flow or distal spasm, leading to development of severe arrhythmias, thus, proper lasing techniques remain essential.
Surgical turndowns are not no option patients
Authors: Vetrovec George W.
Published: December 2021

Key Points

Patients with extensive, high‐risk coronary artery disease (CAD) deemed surgically ineligible who undergo elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have better than predicted surgical 30‐day outcomes.

Risk factors predicting 1‐year PCI outcomes include frailty and STS score.

Future trials are needed to best assess acceptable risk profiles for PCI in surgical turndowns as well as the impact of procedural characteristics such as completeness of revascularization, hemodynamic support, and image‐guided stenting on late outcomes.
Tobacco and Venus may reduce man to ashes, even when Bacchus is on vacation
Authors: Aranzulla Tiziana Claudia , Musumeci Giuseppe
Published: December 2021

Key Points

Mortality after spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is low, and it is related to baseline cardiovascular risk factors as smoking and sex rather than management strategies.

Helping post‐SCAD patients to quit smoking and a greater awareness of the possible occurrence of SCAD in men may improve outcomes.

Wider studies systematically reporting in‐hospital and long‐term mortality after SCAD will enhance our knowledge on this heterogeneous clinical entity.
Myocardial infarction with non obstructive coronary arteries complicated with ventricular septal rupture: A case report and literature review
Authors: Kafkas Nikolaos , Dragasis Stylianos , Mantis Christos , Floros Georgios
Published: December 2021

Ventricular septal rupture represents one of the most serious complications after an acute coronary syndrome. Nowadays this condition is rare due to early revascularization, but is still associated with high mortality rate. In this case report, we present an unusual case of a woman suffering an acute myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries complicated with a ventricular septal rupture, which required surgical correction.
Optimization of soluble dietary fiber extraction from hulless barley grass
Authors: Xu Yijuan , Zhang Chuangchuang , Liao Zhanghua , Li Zijun , Xu Xianming , Sui Zhongquan , Corke Harold
Published: December 2021

Background and objectives

The key factors determining the extraction conditions of soluble dietary fiber from hulless barley grass (HBG) are still unclear. Impact of enzymatic treatment on the yield of soluble fiber of HBG under different reaction conditions was investigated.

Findings

Response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out to establish the optimal combination of reaction conditions based on Box‐Behnken design (BBD), using xylanase concentration (X1: 400–1200 unit/g), cellulase concentration (X2: 200–600 unit/g), and enzymatic hydrolysis time (X3: 1–5 hr). The optimum reaction condition increased soluble dietary fiber (SDF) of HBG from 1.6% to 22.8%, when HBG was subjected to a combination of xylanase (995 unit/g) and cellulase (392 unit/g) for 2.4 hr. The experimental value (22.8%) was close to the theoretically predicted yield (23.0%), indicating that the model could be used to predict the yield of SDF in HBG.

Conclusions

SDF level was correlated to xylanase concentration and cellulase concentration, but the main factor was enzymatic hydrolysis time. Reaction conditions were not significantly related to particle size and water to raw material ratio.

Significance and novelty

This study could provide support for production of SDF‐based functional food products.
Teaching career counseling as a pathway for justice and advocacy work
Authors: Brown Eric. M. , Baraka Mandy
Published: December 2021

The authors conducted a thematic analysis of interviews with nine faculty who teach career counseling with an emphasis on advocacy and social justice. Participants spoke of their motivations for teaching the course, their strategies to engender excitement about this specialty, and barriers in framing the course through an advocacy lens.
Structure‐Activity Studies Reveal Scope for Optimisation of Ebselen‐Type Inhibition of SARS‐CoV‐2 Main Protease
Authors: Thun‐Hohenstein Siegfried T. D. , Suits Timothy F. , Malla Tika R. , Tumber Anthony , Brewitz Lennart , Choudhry Hani , Salah Eidarus , Schofield Christopher J.
Published: December 2021

The reactive organoselenium compound ebselen is being investigated for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and other diseases. We report structure‐activity studies on sulfur analogues of ebselen with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) main protease (Mpro), employing turnover and protein‐observed mass spectrometry‐based assays. The results reveal scope for optimisation of ebselen/ebselen derivative‐ mediated inhibition of Mpro, particularly with respect to improved selectivity.
ESOTP: ECC‐based secure object tracking protocol for IoT communication
Authors: Majumder Suman , Ray Sangram , Sadhukhan Dipanwita , Khan Muhammad Khurram , Dasgupta Mou
Published: December 2021

Objects/tags are generally passes through multiple readers before achieving the final destination within the IoT network. Hence, object identification is a significant issue as some bogus objects may take part for malicious access. Considering this situation, RFID can be used for unique identification and validation of IoT objects. However, it recognizes many objects at the same time and faces limitations like non‐repudiations, injection of fake objects, and unclonability issues. Alternatively, security limitations between tags and readers are analyzed and found that whole communication depends on limited computational resource and simple operations such as hash function, XOR operation, and so forth. Moreover, the communication channel between reader and backend server is secure due to symmetric or asymmetric key encryption algorithms. As the information is exchanged by the tags with readers, a secure path must be maintained among them for safe communication with cloud server. For the development of secure path and verification of objects, ECC‐based Cramer‐Shoup encryption, cryptographic authentication protocol (CAP), and device fingerprinting can be used. To overcome the existing limitations, we are motivated to design an ECC‐based secure object tracking and key exchange protocol that allows the owner device to be offline during communication. This suggested scheme is referred as ESOTP. Several recognized cryptographic attacks are evaluated, the security strength is validated and found that ESOTP is resilient against those attacks. Finally, a comparative study is performed regarding the security features and performance efficiency of ESOTP with other existing schemes and enhanced results are found.
Kraftvoller Fassadenrhythmus – Neubau Bürogebäude im Technologiepark Bremen
Authors: Westphal Jost
Published: December 2021

Das neue Bürogebäude der Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft Emde & Partner mbB steht stellvertretend für einen Generationenwechsel im Technologiepark Bremen. Es bietet im Innenraum moderne Arbeitswelten für kommunikatives und konzentriertes Arbeiten. Die Vielseitigkeit und Flexibilität der Räumlichkeiten findet sich in der äußeren Erscheinung als anthrazitfarbene Klinkerfassade mit variierender Wechsellaibung wieder.
Integratives Ensemble – Neubau Grundschule und Kita mit Sporthalle in Hannover
Authors: Stroman Frauke
Published: December 2021

Am Hannoveraner Welfenplatz ist ein Ensemble aus Schule, Kindertagesstätte und Sporthalle entstanden, das sich harmonisch in die Umgebung integriert, den Kindern einen freundlich gestalteten und geschützten Raum zum Lernen und Toben zur Verfügung stellt und sich zudem durch eine nachhaltige Bauweise auszeichnet. Im Rahmen einer öffentlich‐privaten Partnerschaft mit der Landeshauptstadt Hannover als Auftraggeber hat das Architektur‐ und Ingenieurbüro pbr Planungsbüro Rohling AG die Architekturplanung erbracht.
Fassade vermittelt zwischen Moderne und Tradition – Büroneubau Phoenixwerk in Dortmund‐Hörde
Authors: Stroman Frauke
Published: December 2021

Im Dortmunder Vorort Hörde ist auf dem ehemaligen Gelände des Hochofenwerks Phoenix West das PhoenixWERK, der erste Baukörper eines zukunftsweisenden Büroensembles, entstanden. Mit seiner Architektursprache und der Mauerwerksfassade fügt er sich hervorragend in die zum Teil unter Denkmalschutz stehende Umgebung ein und nimmt damit die Ursprünglichkeit des Ortes auf.
Risk of malignancy associated with the diagnostic categories proposed by the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology for pancreaticobiliary specimens: An institutional experience
Authors: Gonzalez‐Mancera Miguel S. , Ahmadian Saman S. , Gomez‐Fernandez Carmen , Velez‐Torres Jaylou , Jorda Merce , García‐Buitrago Monica T.
Published: December 2021

Background

The guidelines published by the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology (PSC) intend to unify the reporting language in pancreaticobiliary specimens and improve communication between cytopathologists and clinicians. The six categories in the system will determine the best management for patients. However, there is limited evidence regarding the risk of malignancy (ROM) associated with each category.

Methods

A retrospective search was performed for pancreaticobiliary fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) reports with corresponding surgical follow‐up. Cases were reclassified according to the PSC. The ROM, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for each category.

Results

A total of 297 cases were identified and reclassified as: 30 nondiagnostic (category I), 45 negative for malignancy (II), 20 atypical (III), 42 neoplastic: other (IVB), 19 suspicious for malignancy (V), and 141 malignant (VI). The absolute ROM was 10% for category I, 8.9% for category II, 60% for category III, 4.8% for category IV when the neoplasms were not characterized as malignant, and 100% when categorized as malignant; 100% for category V, and 95.7% for category VI. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for neoplasia and malignancy, including categories IV to VI, were 96.6%, 88.4%, 97.5%, and 84.4%, respectively.

Conclusions

The categories developed by the PSC stratify the ROM. Aspirates designated as categories V and VI had the highest ROM. Our rate of atypical category complies with the recommended rate of <10%. This scheme provides valuable information to clinicians treating patients with pancreatic lesions.
Dietary cardenolides enhance growth and change the direction of the fecundity‐longevity trade‐off in milkweed bugs (Heteroptera: Lygaeinae)
Authors: Pokharel Prayan , Steppuhn Anke , Petschenka Georg
Published: December 2021

Sequestration, that is, the accumulation of plant toxins into body tissues for defense, was predicted to incur physiological costs and may require resistance traits different from those of non‐sequestering insects. Alternatively, sequestering species could experience a cost in the absence of toxins due to selection on physiological homeostasis under permanent exposure of sequestered toxins in body tissues. Milkweed bugs (Heteroptera: Lygaeinae) sequester high amounts of plant‐derived cardenolides. Although being potent inhibitors of the ubiquitous animal enzyme Na+/K+‐ATPase, milkweed bugs can tolerate cardenolides by means of resistant Na+/K+‐ATPases. Both adaptations, resistance and sequestration, are ancestral traits of the Lygaeinae. Using four milkweed bug species (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae: Lygaeinae) and the related European firebug (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae: Pyrrhocoris apterus) showing different combinations of the traits “cardenolide resistance” and “cardenolide sequestration,” we tested how the two traits affect larval growth upon exposure to dietary cardenolides in an artificial diet system. While cardenolides impaired the growth of P. apterus nymphs neither possessing a resistant Na+/K+‐ATPase nor sequestering cardenolides, growth was not affected in the non‐sequestering milkweed bug Arocatus longiceps, which possesses a resistant Na+/K+‐ATPase. Remarkably, cardenolides increased growth in the sequestering dietary specialists Caenocoris nerii and Oncopeltus fasciatus but not in the sequestering dietary generalist Spilostethus pandurus, which all possess a resistant Na+/K+‐ATPase. We furthermore assessed the effect of dietary cardenolides on additional life history parameters, including developmental speed, longevity of adults, and reproductive success in O. fasciatus. Unexpectedly, nymphs under cardenolide exposure developed substantially faster and lived longer as adults. However, fecundity of adults was reduced when maintained on cardenolide‐containing diet for their entire lifetime but not when adults were transferred to non‐toxic sunflower seeds. We speculate that the resistant Na+/K+‐ATPase of milkweed bugs is selected for working optimally in a “toxic environment,” that is, when sequestered cardenolides are stored in the body.
Number concentration and size distribution of soot aerosols of heptane fire at low pressures
Authors: Yang Shenlin , Pu Fang , Wang Zhen , Liu Zhaoqi , Li Manhou
Published: December 2021

The number concentration and size distribution of soot aerosols are imperative parameters in fire detection which is closely related to safety management, risk assessment, and fire analysis. The experiment of n‐heptane pool fire is conducted in a pressure chamber which simulates the 101, 90.9, 80.8, 70.7, 60.6, and 50.5 kPa environments. The influence of air pressure on the number concentration and size distribution of soot aerosols is investigated. The DMS500 fast particulate analyzer is used to analyze the number concentration and size distribution of gas samples. Both the geometric mean diameter and count median diameter of smoke particles increases with pressure. A second‐order polynomial equation with correlation coefficient of 0.99 is fitted to the geometric mean diameter of particles against pressure. The particle number concentration is significantly decreased when pressure is reduced according to a linear relationship with correlation coefficient of 0.92. The environmental pressure puts influence on the soot optical properties that affect fire smoke detection technologies used in the regions of different altitudes or air pressures.
The within‐ and between‐laboratories reproducibility and predictive capacity of Amino acid Derivative Reactivity Assay using 4 mM test chemical solution: Results of ring study implemented at five participating laboratories
Authors: Fujita Masaharu , Yamamoto Yusuke , Wanibuchi Sayaka , Watanabe Shinichi , Yamaga Hiroaki , Wakabayashi Koji , Tahara Yu , Horie Nobuyuki , Fujimoto Keiichi , Takeuchi Kazuya , Kamiya Kohei , Kawakami Tsuyoshi , Kojima Kohichi , Sozu Takashi , Kojima Hajime , Kasahara Toshihiko , Ono Atsushi
Published: December 2021

Amino acid derivative reactivity assay (ADRA) for skin sensitization was adopted as an alternative method in the 2019 OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals (OECD TG 442C). The molar ratio of the nucleophilic reagent to the test chemicals in the reaction solution was set to 1:50. Imamura et al. reported that changing this molar ratio from 1:50 to 1:200 reduced in false negatives and improved prediction accuracy. Hence, a ring study using ADRA with 4 mM of a test chemical solution (ADRA, 4 mM) was conducted at five different laboratories to verify within‐ and between‐laboratory reproducibilities (WLR and BLR, respectively). In this study, we investigated the WLR and BLR using 14 test chemicals grouped into three classes: (1) eight proficiency substances, (2) four test chemicals that showed false negatives in the ADRA with 1 mM test chemical solution (ADRA, 1 mM), but correctly positive in ADRA (4 mM), and (3) current positive control (phenylacetaldehyde) and a new additional positive control (squaric acid diethyl ester). The results showed 100% reproducibility and 100% accuracy for skin sensitization. Hence, it is clear that the ADRA (4 mM) is an excellent test method in contrast to the currently used ADRA (1 mM). We plan to resubmit the ADRA (4 mM) test method to the OECD Test Guideline Group in the near future so that OECD TG 442C could be revised for the convenience and benefit of many ADRA users.
Intergenerational transmission of parental neuroticism to emotional problems in 8‐year‐old children: Genetic and environmental influences
Authors: Ask Helga , Eilertsen Espen M. , Gjerde Line C. , Hannigan Laurie J. , Gustavson Kristin , Havdahl Alexandra , Cheesman Rosa , McAdams Tom A. , Hettema John M. , Reichborn‐Kjennerud Ted , Torvik Fartein A. , Ystrom Eivind
Published: December 2021

Background

Children of parents with high levels of neuroticism tend to have high neuroticism themselves as well as increased risk of experiencing symptoms of anxiety and depression. It is not yet clear how much of this link is attributable to a potential effect of parent on child (e.g., via a socializing effect) versus to shared genetic risk. We aimed to determine whether there is an intergenerational association after accounting for genetic transmission and assortative mating.

Methods

We used data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study including 11,088 sibling pairs in the parental generation, their partners (N = 22,176) and their offspring (N = 26,091). Exposures were maternal and paternal neuroticism (self‐reported), and the outcomes were neuroticism, symptoms of depression, and symptoms of anxiety in 8‐year‐old children (mother‐reported).

Results

After accounting for assortative mating in parents (phenotypic r = 0.26) and genetic transmission (explaining 0%–18% of the mother‐offspring correlations), potential maternal effects explained 80% (95% CI = 47–95) of the association with offspring neuroticism (mother‐child r = 0.31), 78% (95% CI = 66–89) of the association with offspring depressive symptoms (r = 0.31), and 98% (95% CI = 45–112) of the association with offspring anxiety symptoms (r = 0.16). Intergenerational transmission of genetic variants associated with paternal neuroticism accounted for ∼40% (CI = 22%–58%) of the father‐offspring correlations with neuroticism and symptoms of depression (r = 0.13 and 0.13, respectively) but none with offspring symptoms of anxiety (r = 0.05). The remaining father‐offspring correlations were explained by maternal influences through assortative mating.

Conclusions

These results are consistent with direct effects between maternal and offspring neuroticism and between maternal neuroticism and offspring symptoms of anxiety and depression. Further understanding of these intergenerational processes will require an adequate model of how these constructs (neuroticism, anxiety and depression) relate to each other within generations.
Measuring women's empowerment in developing countries: A systematic review
Authors: Nahar Shamsun , Mengo Cecilia W.
Published: December 2021

Measurement of women's empowerment has grown over the last few decades, but major challenges still exist for measuring progress in dimensions based on different situational and cultural contexts. This study used a systematic review method to identify quantitative literature related to measures of women's empowerment in developing countries. Features of 17 studies were summarized and compared applying bivariate and text analysis. The most applied dimensions of women's empowerment were household decision making, financial and economic decision making, freedom of movement, self‐esteem, and sexual and reproductive decision making. The results of the study contribute to expanding indicators of women's empowerment in developing countries.
Comparing reliability of ICD‐10‐based COVID‐19 comorbidity data to manual chart review, a retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Schaefer Joseph W. , Riley Joshua M. , Li Michael , Cheney‐Peters Dianna R. , Venkataraman Chantel M. , Li Chris J. , Smaltz Christa M. , Bradley Conor G. , Lee Crystal Y. , Fitzpatrick Danielle M. , Ney David B. , Zaret Dina S. , Chalikonda Divya M. , Mairose Joshua D. , Chauhan Kashyap , Szot Margaret V. , Jones Robert B. , Bashir‐Hamidu Rukaiya , Mitsuhashi Shuji , Kubey Alan A.
Published: December 2021

International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision codes (ICD‐10) are used to characterize cohort comorbidities. Recent literature does not demonstrate standardized extraction methods. Objective: Compare COVID‐19 cohort manual‐chart‐review and ICD‐10‐based comorbidity data; characterize the accuracy of different methods of extracting ICD‐10‐code‐based comorbidity, including the temporal accuracy with respect to critical time points such as day of admission. Design: Retrospective cross‐sectional study. Measurements: ICD‐10‐based‐data performance characteristics relative to manual‐chart‐review. Results: Discharge billing diagnoses had a sensitivity of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79–0.85; comorbidity range: 0.35–0.96). The past medical history table had a sensitivity of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.69–0.76; range: 0.44–0.87). The active problem list had a sensitivity of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.63–0.71; range: 0.47–0.71). On day of admission, the active problem list had a sensitivity of 0.58 (95% CI: 0.54–0.63; range: 0.30–0.68)and past medical history table had a sensitivity of 0.48 (95% CI: 0.43–0.53; range: 0.30–0.56). Conclusions and Relevance: ICD‐10‐based comorbidity data performance varies depending on comorbidity, data source, and time of retrieval; there are notable opportunities for improvement. Future researchers should clearly outline comorbidity data source and validate against manual‐chart‐review.
Vertical variation of tropical cyclone size in the western North Pacific
Authors: Yang Nan , Li Yubin , Chan Johnny C. L. , Cheung Kevin K. W. , Ye Lei , Wu Yujie
Published: December 2021

Based on the ERA5 reanalysis dataset, this paper examines the vertical variation of tropical cyclone (TC) size in the western North Pacific during 1998–2018. The TC size is defined as the distance from the TC centre to the radius at which the azimuthally averaged relative vorticity decreases to 1 × 10−5 s−1 (Rvor). It is found that TCs with similar sizes at the surface can be significantly different in size at higher levels. The Rvor at 10 m height (Rvor10) and that at 200 hPa (Rvor200) are related to TC intensity categories, and Rvor10 and that at 700 hPa (Rvor700) correlate linearly with the relative sea surface temperature (RSST) averaged within a 500‐km radius. Further, a positive correlation is found between the 500‐km radius averaged rain rate and Rvor200, while Rvor10, Rvor700 and Rvor200 all decrease with an increasing vertical wind shear (VWS). The spatial distributions of Rvor10, Rvor700, Rvor200 and Vmax, RSST, and rain rate are all similar to one another, and the spatial correlation coefficient between any pair of variations is larger than 0.91, which is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. The monthly variations of Rvor10, Rvor700 and Rvor200 are generally larger in the months with strong TC activity (May–October) than in the other months, although a peak of Rvor10 during March has been identified for the more recent few TCs. No significant interannual trend is found during 1998–2018 for any of the three variables (Rvor10, Rvor700 and Rvor200). Statistically significant correlations between the ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) index and Rvor10 and Rvor200 are 0.54 and 0.47, respectively, while no statistically significant correlation is found between the ENSO index and Rvor700. The mechanisms that affect the TC size at different heights are complicated and will be explored in later studies.