bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proceedings of the 2013 National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium
Authors: Elmore Susan A. , Boyle Michael C. , Boyle Molly H. , Cora Michelle C. , Crabbs Torrie A. , Cummings Connie A. , Gruebbel Margarita M. , Johnson Crystal L. , Malarkey David E. , McInnes Elizabeth F. , Nolte Thomas , Shackelford Cynthia C. , Ward Jerrold M.
Published: December 2013

The 2013 annual National Toxicology Program (NTP) Satellite Symposium, entitled “Pathology Potpourri,” was held in Portland, Oregon, in advance of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology’s 32nd annual meeting. The goal of the NTP Symposium is to present current diagnostic pathology or nomenclature issues to the toxicologic pathology community. This article presents summaries of the speakers’ presentations, including diagnostic or nomenclature issues that were presented, along with select images that were used for audience voting and discussion. Some lesions and topics covered during the symposium included a caudal tail vertebra duplication in mice; nephroblastematosis in rats; ectopic C cell tumor in a hamster; granular cell aggregates/tumor in the uterus of a hamster; Pneumocystis carinii in the lung of a rat; iatrogenic chronic inflammation in the lungs of control rats; hepatoblastoma arising within an adenoma in a mouse; humoral hypercalcemia of benignancy in a transgenic mouse; acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats; electron microscopy images of iatrogenic intraerythrocytic inclusions in transgenic mice; questionable hepatocellular degeneration/cell death/artifact in rats; atypical endometrial hyperplasia in rats; malignant mixed Müllerian tumors/carcinosarcomas in rats; differential diagnoses of proliferative lesions of the intestine of rodents; and finally obstructive nephropathy caused by melamine poisoning in a rat.
Community-Based Case Management, Hospital Utilization, and Patient-Focused Outcomes in Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Joo Jee Young
Published: December 2013

There is limited research about the impact of community-based case management (CBCM) services and its outcomes with longitudinal analysis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a CBCM intervention on patient outcomes in Medicare beneficiaries with chronic illness in a CBCM service in the rural Midwest. A descriptive, repeated-measures design was used, and a secondary analysis of a data set containing longitudinal CBCM data, originally collected from 2002 to 2007, was conducted. Two years of case management (CM) interventions, three health-service utilization outcomes, and three patient-focused outcomes were examined. The study findings showed that a CBCM had significant effect on reducing patients’ number of hospitalizations and increasing patients’ symptom control and quality of life. The impact of CM on length of stay and emergency department visits was indeterminate. Findings suggest that CBCM can be used as an effective intervention program for Medicare beneficiaries.
Microbiological Sampling of the Forgotten Components of a Flexible Fiberoptic Laryngoscope: What Lessons Can We Learn?
Authors: Bhatt Jay M. , Peterson Ellena M. , Verma Sunil P.
Published: December 2013

The effectiveness of a Cidex‐based decontamination protocol was analyzed for its effectiveness in cleaning various components of a flexible fiberoptic laryngoscope (FFL), including the handle, eyepiece, and detachable light cable. A random microbiological sampling and aerobic bacterial culture analysis of 6 FFL eyepieces, 6 FFL driver handles, and 5 light cables prior to patient use was performed. Of 17 samples collected, 7 (41%) were contaminated with bacterial organisms. Organisms recovered represented both environmental organisms from skin and oral flora origin. This study demonstrates that potential contaminants may be present on FFL eyepieces and light cables, which are commonly overlooked in the cleaning protocols of a standard otolaryngology clinic.
Congenital Perilymph Fistula Causing Recurrent Meningitis: Lessons Learnt from a Single‐Institution Case Series
Authors: Rupa Vedantam , Agarwal Indira , Rajshekhar Vedantam
Published: December 2013

Objective

To study the steps involved in definitive evaluation and successful management of patients with congenital perilymph fistula presenting with recurrent meningitis.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary care center.

Subjects and Methods

The case records of 11 patients (12 ears) treated for congenital perilymph fistula presenting with recurrent meningitis were reviewed to ascertain their clinical, radiological, and intraoperative features and outcome following surgery.

Results

Most patients presented after at least 3 episodes of meningitis (range, 2‐10 episodes). Ipsilateral hearing loss was present in 9 of 12 ears, with normal hearing in 3 patients. High‐resolution computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging scanning of the temporal bone contributed to the diagnosis in 75% of cases but was normal in 3 cases (25%). Oval window and round window defects were the most common (66.7% and 63.6%, respectively). Four ears (33.3%) had more than 1 defect. The unusual presentations included 2 patients who presented in adulthood, a patient with a defect in the medial wall of the attic, and 3 patients with normal radiological findings. Follow‐up ranged from 1 to 11 years (median, 2 years). There were 2 failures following simple fistula closure with cessation of symptoms after vestibular obliteration. No patient was readmitted with recurrent meningitis after definitive surgery.

Conclusion

Up to 25% of patients with recurrent meningitis secondary to congenital perilymph fistula may have normal audiological and radiological assessment necessitating exploratory tympanotomy. Vestibular obliteration, rather than simple fistula closure, prevents recurrence.
Transcranial brain photoplethysmography to study the venules of cerebral cortex in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Viola S , Viola P , Fiorelli L , Buongarzone MP , Litterio P
Published: December 2013

Objective

To evaluate the utility of a transcranial brain photoplethysmography parameter as a potential marker for patients with multiple sclerosis.

Methods

We investigated 38 patients affected by multiple sclerosis, according to the revised McDonald criteria (12 males and 26 females, mean age 41.1 ± 8.5 years, Expanded Disability Status Scale mean value 2.6 ± 2.1) and compared them with 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. By means of transcranial brain photoplethysmography, a safe and non-invasive technology, we measured the increase in cerebral blood volume during compression for 10 s of the internal jugular veins of both sides in sitting position.

Results

The cerebral blood volume increase was significantly smaller in the multiple sclerosis patients (left frontal cortex: −58%, p < 0.0001; right frontal cortex: −59%, p < 0.0001) compared with the controls.

Conclusions

Our study reveals that a minor increase in cerebral blood volume on the frontal cortex of both sides in sitting position is associated with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and might be a new marker.
Treatment of severe chronic venous insufficiency with ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy: A two-year series in a single center in Brazil
Authors: Neto F Coelho , de Araújo GR , Kessler I Moraes , de Amorim R Fernandes Batista , Falcão D Pinheiro
Published: December 2013

Objectives

To portray the initial experience at a public health center of the Federal District of Brazil in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency with ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy in patients in advanced stages of the disease.

Method

Eighty-seven reports of patients in C5 and C6 stages, according to CEAP classification, were evaluated for clinical improvements, ulcer-healing rates, and complications of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy. McNemar test was used for statistical analysis with the level of significance set at 5% ( P-value, 0.05).

Results

The results showed high rates of ulcer healing (85%) and significant improvement of symptoms after treatment, such as pain, heaviness, fatigue, burning, paresthesia, and itching ( P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

An outpatient, low-cost and high-resolution technique, without the need for hospitalization and use of the operating room showed to be a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of varicose disease associated with severe chronic venous insufficiency.
Changes in School Connectedness and Deviant Peer Affiliation Among Sixth-Grade Students From High-Poverty Neighborhoods
Authors: Rudasill Kathleen Moritz , Niehaus Kate , Crockett Lisa J. , Rakes Christopher R.
Published: December 2013

This longitudinal study examined associations between changes in School Connectedness and changes in Affiliation With Deviant Peers among students from high-poverty backgrounds during the year immediately following the transition to middle school. Sixth-graders ( N = 328) attending two middle schools in a large school district completed measures of School Connectedness and Affiliation With Deviant Peers at three points across the year. Results from parallel process modeling showed that students’ reports of School Support significantly declined across the school year, School Support and Affiliation With Deviant Peers were negatively associated at the beginning of the school year, and students who reported more declines in School Support were more likely to report growth in Affiliation With Deviant Peers across sixth grade. Gender differences were also found. Findings suggest that School Connectedness may be important for high-poverty students following the transition to middle school.
Global Benchmarking of Marketing Doctoral Program Faculty and Institutions by Subarea
Authors: Elbeck Matt , Vander Schee Brian A.
Published: December 2013

This study benchmarks marketing doctoral programs worldwide in five popular subareas by faculty and institutional scholarly impact. A multi-item approach identifies a collection of top-tier scholarly journals for each subarea, while citation data over the decade 2003 to 2012 identify high scholarly impact marketing faculty by subarea used to benchmark and compare faculty and programs globally. The major findings include top-tier journal collections in five popular doctoral program marketing subareas, the dominance of U.S.-based marketing scholars, and the scholarly inroads of northern European programs. The findings offer insight for a number of stakeholders, including potential doctoral students, faculty recruitment and retention, and institutional image building.
Mycobacterium microti Tuberculosis in Its Maintenance Host, the Field Vole (Microtus agrestis)
Authors: Kipar A. , Burthe S. J. , Hetzel U. , Rokia M. Abo , Telfer S. , Lambin X. , Birtles R. J. , Begon M. , Bennett M.
Published: December 2013

The field vole ( Microtus agrestis) is a known maintenance host of Mycobacterium microti. Previous studies have shown that infected animals develop tuberculosis. However, the disease is also known in cats and is sporadically reported from humans and other mammalian species. We examined trapped field voles from an endemic area, using a range of diagnostic approaches. These confirmed that a combination of gross and histological examination with culture is most appropriate to identify the true prevalence of the disease, which was shown to be more than 13% at times when older animals that have previously been shown to be more likely to develop the disease dominate the population. The thorough pathological examination of diseased animals showed that voles generally develop systemic disease with most frequent involvement of spleen and liver, followed by skin, lymph nodes, and lungs. The morphology of the lesions was consistent with active disease, and their distribution suggested skin wounds or oral and/or aerogenic infection as the main portal of entry. The demonstration of mycobacteria in open skin lesions, airways, and salivary glands indicated bacterial shedding from the skin and with sputum and saliva. This suggests not only the environment but also direct contact and devouring as likely sources of infection.
Hepatic Injury Correlates With Apoptosis, Regeneration, and Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Canine Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Vince A. R. , Hayes M. A. , Jefferson B. J. , Stalker M. J.
Published: December 2013

Assessment of the clinical severity, pathogenesis, and prognosis of canine chronic liver disease poses significant challenges to clinicians and pathologists, relating in part to a lack of standardized terminology and assessment methods and also to a lack of understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease in the dog. This study graded the severity of necroinflammatory activity in chronic liver disease in dogs using a modification of Ishak’s grading scheme for human chronic liver disease and examined the association of grade score with hepatocellular apoptosis, regeneration, nitric oxide synthase isoform expression, copper and iron accumulation, and indicators of oxidative stress. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded hematoxylin and eosin (HE)–stained liver biopsies from 45 dogs with chronic liver disease and 55 healthy control dogs were graded for various morphologic components of liver injury and response. The cumulative score for grade of necroinflammatory activity was strongly and significantly correlated with immunoreactive labels for hepatocellular proliferation (Ki-67); apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3); inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lobular, portal, and septal stromal cells; endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in hepatocytes and lobular, portal, and septal stromal cells; and total stainable hepatic iron. A weaker significant correlation was found between grade and accumulation of hepatocellular copper. No significant correlation was found between grade and immunoreactivity for malondialdehyde-protein adducts. These results document a method for grading of the severity of necroinflammatory disease in canine liver biopsies and show an association with increased iNOS and eNOS expression.
Historical Precedents, Contemporary Manifestations
Authors: Marois Thomas
Published: December 2013

Mexican society has experienced three costly finance-related crises in 1982, 1994-95, and 2008-09. In each case the continuity of capitalist development depended in large part on state authorities drawing the worst financial risks into the state apparatus, that is, on socialization. While most understandings of socialization remain at a largely technical understanding, I argue that the socialization of financial risk in Mexico rests on distinctively class-based material and institutional processes. The processes of socialization have been historically constitutive of neoliberalism and the current phase of financial accumulation in Mexico.
Will we see helping hands? Predicting civil war mediation and likely success
Authors: Clayton Govinda , Gleditsch Kristian Skrede
Published: December 2013

We examine whether features highlighted as important for mediation in existing research allow us to predict when we will see mediation and likely success out-of-sample. We assess to what extent information about the characteristics of the conflicting dyads and conflict history can be evaluated ex ante and improve our ability to predict when conflicts will see mediation as well as when peaceful solutions are more likely to follow from mediation. We justify that the information used to generate predictions through the model can be assessed ex ante, using the ongoing conflict in Syria as an example. Our results suggest that a two-stage model of mediation and success seems to do relatively well overall in predicting when mediation is likely to occur, but notably less well in predicting the outcome of mediation. This may reflect how ex ante observable structural characteristics are likely to influence willingness to mediate, while the outcome of mediation to a large extent will be influenced by unobservable characteristics or private information and how these are influenced by mediation. We discuss the usefulness of out-of-sample evaluation in studying conflict management and suggest future directions for improving our ability to forecast mediation.
The Quotation Theory of Writing
Authors: Olson David R. , Oatley Keith
Published: December 2013

Learning to read and write is seen as both the acquisition of skills useful in a modern society and an introduction to a world increasingly organized around the reading and writing of authoritative texts. While most agree on the importance of writing, insufficient attention has been given to the more basic question of just what writing is, that is, how best to think about writing as both a technology of communication and an instrument of thought. In this article we elaborate and defend the view that writing is distinctive not only as a technology for the visual representation of speech but more basically as a technology for taking language “off-line,” that is, as language enclosed by quotation marks. Writing, like oral quotation, provides a set of objects divorced from the speaker that persist in time and space and that can be considered and reconsidered somewhat independently of the context of expression and the intentions of the original author. Of special relevance are the units of meaning, namely, words and sentences. When writing turns words and sentences into objects of analysis, it facilitates distinctive modes of discourse such as extended prose and distinctive modes of thinking such as formal rationality.
Are Restorative Justice Conferences More Fair Than Criminal Courts? Comparing Levels of Observed Procedural Justice in the Reintegrative Shaming Experiments (RISE)
Authors: Barnes Geoffrey C. , Hyatt Jordan M. , Angel Caroline M. , Strang Heather , Sherman Lawrence W.
Published: December 2013

The reintegrative shaming experiments (RISE) were conducted in Canberra, Australia, between 1995 and 2000. RISE compared the effects of standard court proceedings to restorative justice (RJ)–focused diversionary conferences (DCs) with juvenile, young adult, and adult offenders who had been arrested for personal property, shoplifting, violent, or drunk driving offenses. We evaluated, using observational data, the effect of RJ conferences on objective procedural justice. We find that the DCs produced significantly higher levels of offender engagement within the adjudicative process and higher levels of ethical treatment, and that, when compared with standard trials, conduct within the conferences was attuned to the reintegrative shaming (RIS) process. These results reinforce the previous RISE findings by providing evidence that the conferencing process, as delivered, was in keeping with the overall goals of RJ and supports the prior attribution of RISE’s effectiveness to the RJ process.
Preparation of the modified epoxy resins with flexible diglycidyl ether of diethylene glycol
Authors: Liu Fengdan , Guo Kunkun , Yuan Jianmin
Published: December 2013

Lot of efforts have been devoted to improve the toughness and ductility of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy resin (EP), which limit its wide applications in many industry fields. In this study, reactive modifier diglycidyl ether of diethylene glycol (DGEG) with low viscosity has been synthesized and introduced to the EP by solvent-free processing. The mechanical properties of the modified EPs are studied via the tensile and impact test. The results show that the incorporation of flexible DGEG chains into EPs improves the elongation and impact strength. Interestingly, the tensile strength can be improved by a reasonable content of flexible DGEG. It is concluded that the addition of a selected amount of DGEG, namely 14–28 wt%, can simultaneously strengthen and toughen DGEBA EPs. The subsequent impact-fractured surfaces are observed using scanning electron microscopy, and the results are well consistent with those obtained from the impact test. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the thermal stability slightly decreases with the increase of DGEG. Finally, the differential scanning calorimetry shows that the glass transition temperature ( Tg) decreases slightly with increasing the flexible DGEG content. The presence of a single Tg reveals that the DGEG/epoxy composite has a homogeneous phase structure.
Eliminating singularity of a parallel driving mechanism of axisymmetric vectoring exhaust nozzle
Authors: Li Yu-Tong , Wang Yu-Xin
Published: December 2013

The singularity is the inherent characteristics of parallel manipulators. At near-singular configurations, the parallel manipulator cannot resist externally applied force/torque along certain directions. The axisymmetric vectoring exhaust nozzle is driven by the 3-SPS + 3-PRS parallel manipulator to change its exit area A9 and make the universal vector of its divergent section. Preventing the 3-SPS + 3-PRS parallel manipulator from falling into the singular configuration is very important for the maneuverability and safety of the jet-thrust aircraft equipping with the axisymmetric vectoring exhaust nozzle. In this paper, a methodology to eliminate the singularity of the 3-SPS + 3-PRS parallel manipulator is presented. At first, with the aid of the configuration homotopy-tracing algorithm, the configuration curves relative to the input parameters are figured out. It is found that the singularity-free zone corresponding to the input parameter exists between the left and the right extreme singular positions. Based on the extended equation algorithm, the curves of singular points going with the input parameters are drawn. By selecting the suitable initial working point and letting the input parameters locate within the singularity-free zones of input parameters determined by these curves, the singularity can be eliminated in the design stage. The method to eliminate the singularity presented in this paper is simple, efficient, and easy to be implemented directly through inspecting the lengths of the input parameters.
Stereotyping to Infer Group Membership Creates Plausible Deniability for Prejudice-Based Aggression
Authors: Cox William T. L. , Devine Patricia G.
Published: December 2013

In the present study, participants administered painful electric shocks to an unseen male opponent who was either explicitly labeled as gay or stereotypically implied to be gay. Identifying the opponent with a gay-stereotypic attribute produced a situation in which the target’s group status was privately inferred but plausibly deniable to others. To test the plausible deniability hypothesis, we examined aggression levels as a function of internal (personal) and external (social) motivation to respond without prejudice. Whether plausible deniability was present or absent, participants high in internal motivation aggressed at low levels, and participants low in both internal and external motivation aggressed at high levels. The behavior of participants low in internal and high in external motivation, however, depended on experimental condition. They aggressed at low levels when observers could plausibly attribute their behavior to prejudice and aggressed at high levels when the situation granted plausible deniability. This work has implications for both obstacles to and potential avenues for prejudice-reduction efforts.
Residents of Poor Nations Have a Greater Sense of Meaning in Life Than Residents of Wealthy Nations
Authors: Oishi Shigehiro , Diener Ed
Published: December 2013

Using Gallup World Poll data, we examined the role of societal wealth for meaning in life across 132 nations. Although life satisfaction was substantially higher in wealthy nations than in poor nations, meaning in life was higher in poor nations than in wealthy nations. In part, meaning in life was higher in poor nations because people in those nations were more religious. The mediating role of religiosity remained significant after we controlled for potential third variables, such as education, fertility rate, and individualism. As Frankl (1963) stated in Man’s Search for Meaning, it appears that meaning can be attained even under objectively dire living conditions, and religiosity plays an important role in this search.
Deferred Feedback Sharply Dissociates Implicit and Explicit Category Learning
Authors: Smith J. David , Boomer Joseph , Zakrzewski Alexandria C. , Roeder Jessica L. , Church Barbara A. , Ashby F. Gregory
Published: December 2013

The controversy over multiple category-learning systems is reminiscent of the controversy over multiple memory systems. Researchers continue to seek paradigms to sharply dissociate explicit category-learning processes (featuring category rules that can be verbalized) from implicit category-learning processes (featuring learned stimulus-response associations that lie outside declarative cognition). We contribute a new dissociative paradigm, adapting the technique of deferred-rearranged reinforcement from comparative psychology. Participants learned matched category tasks that had either a one-dimensional, rule-based solution or a multidimensional, information-integration solution. They received feedback either immediately or after each block of trials, with the feedback organized such that positive outcomes were grouped and negative outcomes were grouped (deferred-rearranged reinforcement). Deferred reinforcement qualitatively eliminated implicit, information-integration category learning. It left intact explicit, rule-based category learning. Moreover, implicit-category learners facing deferred-rearranged reinforcement turned by default and information-processing necessity to rule-based strategies that poorly suited their nominal category task. The results represent one of the strongest explicit-implicit dissociations yet seen in the categorization literature.
Reward-Based Transfer From Bottom-Up to Top-Down Search Tasks
Authors: Lee Jeongmi , Shomstein Sarah
Published: December 2013

Recent evidence has suggested that reward modulates bottom-up and top-down attentional selection and that this effect persists within the same task even when reward is no longer offered. It remains unclear whether reward effects transfer across tasks, especially those engaging different modes of attention. We directly investigated whether reward-based contingency learned in a bottom-up search task was transferred to a subsequent top-down search task, and probed the nature of the transfer mechanism. Results showed that a reward-related benefit established in a pop-out-search task was transferred to a conjunction-search task, increasing participants’ efficiency at searching for targets previously associated with a higher level of reward. Reward history influenced search efficiency by enhancing both target salience and distractor filtering, depending on whether the target and distractors shared a critical feature. These results provide evidence for reward-based transfer between different modes of attention and strongly suggest that an integrated priority map based on reward information guides both top-down and bottom-up attention.
Are the “Memory Wars” Over? A Scientist-Practitioner Gap in Beliefs About Repressed Memory
Authors: Patihis Lawrence , Ho Lavina Y. , Tingen Ian W. , Lilienfeld Scott O. , Loftus Elizabeth F.
Published: December 2013

The “memory wars” of the 1990s refers to the controversy between some clinicians and memory scientists about the reliability of repressed memories. To investigate whether such disagreement persists, we compared various groups’ beliefs about memory and compared their current beliefs with beliefs expressed in past studies. In Study 1, we found high rates of belief in repressed memory among undergraduates. We also found that greater critical-thinking ability was associated with more skepticism about repressed memories. In Study 2, we found less belief in repressed memory among mainstream clinicians today compared with the 1990s. Groups that contained research-oriented psychologists and memory experts expressed more skepticism about the validity of repressed memories relative to other groups. Thus, a substantial gap between the memory beliefs of clinical-psychology researchers and those of practitioners persists today. These results hold implications for the potential resolution of the science-practice gap and for the dissemination of memory research in the training of mental-health professionals.
The role of variable pitch in motion blades and variable rotational speed in an industrial fan stall
Authors: Sheard Anthony G , Tortora Cecilia , Corsini Alessandro , Bianchi Stefano
Published: December 2013

Stall-induced vibration places fundamental limitations on industrial fan performance and remains a persistent problem in the development of industrial fans and compressors. In this paper, we present an experimental programme that utilised two strategies to study rotating stall recovery patterns in an industrial fan. The experimental facility incorporated a fan with both variable pitch in motion blades and a variable speed drive. The facility enabled us first, to study the evolution of unsteady pressure signals on the fan casing whilst varying fan blade pitch and then to examine varying fan rotational speed. Consequently, we were able to recover a fan from stall either by varying blade pitch at constant speed, or by varying speed at constant blade pitch. We also studied the physical flow phenomena associated with stall recovery by cross-correlating signals from circumferentially offset high frequency response pressure transducers and then analysed the cross-spectra. This enabled us to gain insight into the transient fluid flow behaviour associated with stall recovery in the studied industrial fan class. The transient fluid flow behaviour associated with stall recovery by varying blade pitch was indicative of both a mild and progressive transition. In contrast, stall recovery by varying fan speed occurred more suddenly. In comparison with the variable pitch transition, the variable speed transition was more indicative of recovery from mild surge. From this we may conclude that stall recovery via variable speed resulted in significantly higher unsteady mechanical stress induced in fan rotating components than recovery via variable pitch. Higher bending stresses in the fan blades are more likely to result in mechanical failure, and therefore we may conclude that the studied fan is more ‘stall tolerant’ when one operates it as a variable pitch fan rather than as a variable speed fan.
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome and intra-abdominal compartment syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Bedaiwi M , Alkubeyyer MA , Arfaj AS Al
Published: December 2013

Gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are common, occurring in about 50% of cases. They are usually mild, in the form of mouth ulcers, nausea, heartburn and mild abdominal pain, but they can be severe in cases of gastrointestinal vasculitis. In this report we describe an unusual combination of SLE complications, namely superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) and reversible acute obstructive renal failure. This was attributed to raised intra-abdominal pressure and hence intra-abdominal compartment syndrome (IACS) following weight loss secondary to an acute presentation of SLE with gastrointestinal vasculitis.
Acceptance and Decision Making in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis From a Life-Course Perspective
Authors: Foley Geraldine , Timonen Virpi , Hardiman Orla
Published: December 2013

Researchers have explored perceptions of health care services among people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but little is known about how and why people with ALS engage with services. We undertook a grounded theory study to identify key psychosocial processes that underpin how and why people with ALS engage with health care services. We conducted in-depth interviews with 34 participants sampled from the Irish ALS population-based register. We found that age and life stage shaped participants’ decision making about care. Participants in later life were more accepting of ALS and of death than young and middle-aged participants. Family was the primary context to how participants engaged with services, and their decisions about care were shaped by parenthood at different life stages. Health care professionals need to be attuned to the impact of life-course trajectories and family relations on the decisions people with ALS make about their care.
Does the Source of a Calling Matter? External Summons, Destiny, and Perfect Fit
Authors: Duffy Ryan D. , Allan Blake A. , Bott Elizabeth M. , Dik Bryan J.
Published: December 2013

This study examined the endorsement of three different sources of a calling—external summons, destiny, and perfect fit—and how the endorsement of these sources related to levels of living a calling, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction. With a sample of 200 employed adults, participants were asked to select a source group that best described where their calling originated. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed no significant differences among the three primary source groups on levels of living a calling, job satisfaction, or life satisfaction. However, group membership was a significant moderator in the relation of living a calling to life satisfaction. Specifically, the relation of living a calling to life satisfaction was more pronounced for participants endorsing a destiny belief than for those endorsing other sources. Overall, results indicate that as long as workers feel they are living out their calling, the source of their calling matters little in terms of how calling links to job and life satisfaction.
The Impact of Work–Family Conflict on Late-Career Workers’ Intentions to Continue Paid Employment
Authors: Garcia Patrick Raymund James M. , Milkovits Michael , Bordia Prashant
Published: December 2013

Drawing from the social cognitive career theory, we examined the relationship between work–family conflict (WFC) and late-career workers’ intentions to continue paid employment. We test the mediating roles of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and preferences to continue paid employment as well as the moderating role of financial satisfaction at the age of 60. Data were collected from 373 working Australians aged 40–60. Results revealed that self-efficacy and outcome expectations partially mediated the negative relationship between WFC and preferences. Family–work conflict (FWC) had a negative indirect effect on preferences via self-efficacy, while outcome expectations did not mediate this relationship. Preferences also partially mediated the positive relationship between self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and intentions. Moreover, financial satisfaction moderated the positive relationship between preferences and intentions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
An Exploratory Examination of Student to Professor Disclosures of Crime Victimization
Authors: Richards Tara N. , Branch Kathryn A. , Hayes Rebecca M.
Published: December 2013

Prior qualitative research has demonstrated that female college students may utilize their professors as support providers when they experience sexual assault and intimate partner violence victimization. To further explore this phenomenon, the present study used a random sampling design on two college campuses to examine the following questions: (a) Are student disclosures of crime victimization a common occurrence for college professors? (b) What is the nature of college professors’ most recent disclosure of crime victimization? and (c) Do professor characteristics predict receiving a student disclosure of victimization? Implications of these findings as well as directions for future research will be discussed.
Website Translation and Destination Image Marketing
Authors: Tang-Taye Jean-Pierre , Standing Craig
Published: December 2013

This study compares the image representations of Reunion Island on the Internet when using original websites in French and their English version. It analyzes the text content of web pages obtained from a list of web information sources providing both French and English versions. Textual data analysis and correspondence analysis based on the most frequent keywords is conducted using the software package Alceste. Results show that the image of Reunion Island is very different between language versions. These differences can be explained by the poor quality of the language translation even though the websites studied were retrieved from the top list of tourism websites providing information on Reunion Island as a destination. This study has strategic implications, as it demonstrates a failure to implement effective and consistent destination marketing by tourism organizations that will confuse the consumer. We make recommendations for future research and practice in terms of improved strategic, tactical, and operational integration.
Invisible visualities
Authors: Gould Amanda Starling
Published: December 2013

Augmented reality (AR) art is a form of artistic expression that complicates traditional notions of the visual arts. A visual AR artist trades in what we might call invisible visualities. In this essay, I consider the questions why does AR art matter as a cultural form of expression? and what does AR art contribute to contemporary technoliterary theoretical discourse? by putting several recent AR artworks into dialogue with some of today’s most important literary-media theorists.
Doing field studies. What is it all about?
Authors: Keizer Kees , Lindenberg Siegwart , Steg Linda
Published: December 2013

Field studies provide much ecological validity but are limited with regard to randomization and control. What can be and what is done about it? Because so few psychologists do field experiments, little is known about it. In our reply to Wicherts and Bakker (in press), we show what goes on behind the scene in doing field research, and we discuss the importance of cumulative results by inclusive replications that cover strict replications, but also replications in different settings, using different paradigms.
Divergent effects of system justification salience on the academic self-assessments of men and women
Authors: Bonnot Virginie , Jost John T.
Published: December 2013

Based on system justification theory, we hypothesized that, when the salience of system justification concerns are high, both men and women would bias estimates of their own and their group’s academic competence so as to make them more congruent with complementary gender stereotypes concerning mathematical and verbal abilities. Results show that, compared to men, women reported lesser competence and recalled lower achievement scores in math following the activation of system justification concerns, while at the same time reporting greater competence in verbal domains, albeit less strongly. Concerning perceptions of their group’s competence, men endorsed complementary gender stereotypes more strongly in the high (vs. low) system justification salience condition. However, women were less prone to endorse abstract gender stereotypes when system justification was made salient, which may suggest reactance rather than acquiescence.
The rule of law, security-development and penal aid: The case of detention in Haiti
Authors: Brisson-Boivin Kara , O’Connor Daniel
Published: December 2013

The combination of flawed penality, crushing poverty and a natural disaster that devastated Haiti’s already fragile criminal justice infrastructure made the country a fitting candidate for a new kind of international aid effort, which we call penal aid. This international aid effort uses rule of law theories and practices to develop credible criminal justice institutions and reform penal practice throughout the world. According to rule of law measures, detention indicates flawed justice and a weak state, whereas trial and transformative punishment promotes global security and poverty reduction. The rule of law is a method for punishing better, a mechanism of international aid, a measure of global security and a means for the recognition of law-abiding states. Rule of law reconstruction is about international state-crafting and remaking Haiti in the image of a global penal state.
China’s welfare reform: An ambiguous road towards a Social Protection Floor
Authors: Hong Liu , Kongshøj Kristian
Published: December 2013

China’s recent efforts in extending social protection resonate with the goals of the Social Protection Floor, even if Chinese policy-makers have not explicitly incorporated the Floor in the reform process. However, as this review of developments in the fields of social assistance, unemployment insurance, pensions, and health insurance suggests, major challenges persist, namely inadequate and declining benefit levels, funding issues, and fragmentation of the system, which to some degree have perpetuated existing inequalities. These challenges reflect a strong institutional heritage from the pre-reform era, which poses the biggest obstacle to the development of a coherent national social protection system.
Teachers’ use of linguistic scaffolding to support the academic language development of first-grade emergent bilingual students
Authors: Lucero Audrey
Published: December 2013

Research suggests that teachers need to scaffold emergent bilingual students as they develop the complex language associated with school success. This may especially be true in dual language settings, where children are learning two languages simultaneously. In this study, therefore, I investigate the linguistic scaffolding practices of first-grade dual language teachers as they support academic language development for their Spanish-dominant students. Academic language is viewed not only as a set of linguistic components but also as a way of accomplishing certain functions and participating in context-reduced communication. Findings indicate that teachers engage in scaffolding both within and across lessons, providing insights into ways teachers can support academic language development for emergent bilingual students in general.
Why justice and injustice have no place outside the Hobbesian State
Authors: Olsthoorn Johan
Published: December 2013

Despite the signpost prominence of Hobbesian positions in theories of international relations and global justice, the ground and nature of Hobbes’s claim that justice and injustice are non-existent outside the State are poorly understood. This paper aims to provide the first comprehensive explanation of this doctrine (Justicial Statism). I argue that Hobbes offers two distinct arguments for Justicial Statism: the Covenant and the Propriety Argument. Each argument is premised on a different conception of justice and stresses different implications of the natural right to all things. The Propriety Argument is based on distributive justice. First introduced in Leviathan, this argument has received little scholarly attention, although it is no trivial addition: the Covenant Argument alone cannot establish Justicial Statism. My reconstruction highlights two further, hitherto ignored presuppositions of Hobbes’s Justicial Statism: his rejection of natural rights governed by justice and his claim that violations of natural law do not wrong non-divine agents.
“Ang Ating Iisang Kuwento” our collective story: Migrant Filipino workers and participatory action research
Authors: Francisco Valerie
Published: December 2013

Studies that utilize participatory action research (PAR) methods in immigrant communities draw on participatory methods to explore immigrant health and incorporation. Many of these studies have used PAR, mainly, to contact “hard-to-reach” immigrant populations who are ofttimes isolated from research and social services on the basis of language, status, and location. In this paper, I argue that PAR methodology and principles can be maximized in immigrant communities if it asserts migrants’ lived experiences as “expertise” on the global institutionalization of migration and low-wage migrant work in the US. I provide data on the Filipino migrant experience and a PAR project with Filipino domestic workers in New York City to show how PAR can capture the systematically organized Philippine labor export policy alongside the individual experience of Filipino immigrants in the US. I discuss kuwentohan, or talk story in Tagalog, and theater as forms of participatory collection and analysis that captures the complex dynamics of migration from macro to micro scales. Lastly, I argue that the political potential of PAR in migrant communities presents itself when migrant workers recount their own experience and begin to understand that those individual stories are part of a larger story of forced migration, labor export policy, and low-wage work. PAR allows for these structural critiques to emerge through the research process.
Implementation and Evaluation of the HEROES Initiative
Authors: King Mindy H. , Lederer Alyssa M. , Sovinski Danielle , Knoblock Heidi M. , Meade Rhonda K. , Seo Dong-Chul , Kim Nayoung
Published: December 2013

This article describes the design, implementation, and evaluative findings of the HEROES (Healthy, Energetic, Ready, Outstanding, Enthusiastic, Schools) Initiative, a school-based multilevel childhood obesity prevention intervention. Based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommended coordinated school health approach, the HEROES Initiative works to alleviate the burden of childhood obesity in Southern Indiana, Northwestern Kentucky, and Southeastern Illinois in the United States. Process evaluation was conducted with the 17 participating schools in spring 2012 based on interviews with school personnel and observation of the school environment. Findings showed that despite some variability, schools were generally able to implement the intervention with fidelity. School-level outcome evaluation was also based on observation of the school environment, and revealed that schools had implemented a number of new practices to encourage physical activity and healthy eating. Assessment of student-level outcomes was based on professionally collected physiological measurements and self-reported behavioral data collected over an 18-month period of time, last collected in spring 2012. Findings demonstrated that the HEROES Initiative has been successful in reducing the percentage of overweight children in participating schools and healthfully modifying their dietary, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors. Strategies that have facilitated success and challenges related to the intervention are discussed.
Investigation of pumice stone powder coating of multilayer surfaces in relation to acoustic and thermal insulation
Authors: Canbolat Seyda , Kut Dilek , Dayioglu Habip
Published: December 2013

In this study, production of multilayer surfaces for acoustic and thermal insulation was investigated. After the optimum textile materials had been chosen to provide acoustic and thermal insulation, surfaces were created using different relative methods in this field. Sublayer nonwoven produced from slotted polyester fiber was combined with two different top layers of fabrics, one of which was the top layer of fabric woven from plain weave obtained from texture yarns, which, in turn, was produced from hollow polypropylene, and the other was plain weave obtained from texture weft yarn, which was produced from conventional polypropylene fibers separately. Subsequently, these two different surfaces were combined with polyurethane-based material. Pumice stone powder in three different concentrations and two different sizes was added to enhance acoustic and thermal insulation, after which the sublayer had been coated with an adhesive material to produce multilayer adhesive force and adherence to the wall. Consequently, air permeability, sound absorption, and thermal conductivity coefficients of multilayer surfaces were researched with regard to the type of top layer of fabrics, concentration, and particle size of pumice stone powder. The results demonstrate that the properties of multilayer surfaces concerning acoustic and thermal insulation increase with the increasing concentration of pumice stone powder and with the decreasing sizes of pumice stone particles. In addition, air permeability of multilayer surfaces was ensued to decrease with the increasing concentration as well as particle size of pumice stone powder.