bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuevos derroteros en el estudio de la felicidad: el análisis experimental de los tuiteros en México
Authors: Ramos Chávez Alejandro
Published: July 2020

En la actualidad, es cada vez más común encontrarnos con formas alternativas para medir el desarrollo y bienestar de las naciones. Una de esas formas que ha cobrado reciente interés en círculos especializados de análisis y toma de decisión, es el de las mediciones de la felicidad de los pueblos. Por otro lado, el significante aumento en el uso de herramientas tecnológicas, como las redes sociales digitales, en aspectos como la obtención de información, la comunicación social, los intercambios de opiniones sobre los asuntos públicos y la generación en general de opinión pública, hacen que estas herramientas sean muy útiles para el entendimiento de múltiples fenómenos sociales. En este contexto, en México se han llevado a cabo esfuerzos a manera de análisis experimental que intentan conocer el estado de ánimo de la población utilizando como fuente el uso de las redes sociales digitales, de forma específica Twitter, mediante la utilización de los metadatos de esa red social. El presente trabajo pretende realizar un acercamiento teórico a los estudios de la felicidad, para posteriormente dar cuenta del caso específico de la medición de la felicidad de los tuiteros en México. Las conclusiones apuntan a destacar la viabilidad y el futuro promisorio de las mediciones experimentales, en este caso del manejo de los metadatos, para el análisis de diversos aspectos de la fenomenología social.
La literatura de la Región Norte costarricense. un caso paradigmático: Francisco Rodríguez Barrientos
Authors: Arias Adriano Corrales
Published: July 2020

La Región Norte de Costa Rica ha sido poco estudiada en términos socioculturales y aún mucho menos en términos literarios. Sin embargo, a pesar de su escasa edad y desarrollo, es notoria la producción de esa región en cuanto a volumen y variedad literaria. Hay escritores consolidados que irradian ya no solo al resto del país, sino hacia la región centroamericana y de más allá. Dentro de esa producción sobresale la obra del sancarleño Francisco Rodríguez Barrientos, tanto por su amplitud de géneros como por la temática. Rodríguez Barrientos, hasta donde se conoce, es el escritor costarricense y centroamericano que, hasta ahora, ha producido la obra más amplia y profunda en un género poco frecuentado por escritores nacionales y contemporáneos: el aforismo. Además, en los últimos años ha dado a conocer parte de su producción narrativa, misma que asombra no solo por su rigor creativo, sino por su amplitud temática y escritural: dos libros de narraciones, tres novelas y una trilogía inédita. En este atrilulo se pretende analizar esa obra, especialmente la narrativa, privilegiando una novela de características históricas (La sed de los días) en el marco de la literatura norteña, costarricense y centroamericana, como un aporte pionero en algunos géneros y como un planteo estético y de amplio espectro que coloca en el mapa literario nacional a la Región Norte. Es este uno de los aportes más visibles y denodados en cuanto al fortalecimiento de sus identidades y de su devenir sociocultural.
Hacia la transformación de la poesía en acontecimiento: la performance poética
Authors: Lorente Núria
Published: July 2020

El siguiente artículo parte del cruce concreto entre poesía y performance que ha venido desplegándose en los últimos años, y que ha dado lugar a una revolución formal en el campo literario al conformar un registro cultural nuevo y transgresor. Para analizar en qué medida este género experimental está revolucionando los límites del discurso poético y sus espacios de producción nos proponemos, por una parte, abordar el concepto de performance poética, en toda su amplitud, y, por otra, analizar hasta qué punto este cruce artístico, que está redefiniendo, en los últimos años, el campo de la estética y la creatividad, supone un nuevo espacio cultural en el que se dirimen cuestiones sociales, culturales y políticas fundamentales.
The Berriasian–Aptian of the Western Gydan Peninsula (West Siberia): Biofacies and Lithofacies Models
Authors: Vakulenko L.G. , Ershov S.V. , Nikolenko O.D. , Pestchevitskaya E.B. , Popov A.Yu. , Yan P.A.
Published: July 2020

—Well logs and core analyses of Berriasian–Aptian petroliferous sediments from the western Gydan Peninsula are used to model their biofacies and lithofacies and to reconstruct the respective sequence stratigraphy. The sedimentological and palynological data, along with logging results, provide constraints on the history of transgressive and regressive events and make a basis for paleogeographic reconstructions for the Lower Cretaceous deposition of reservoir sand beds.
Manifestation of Induction and Induced Polarization in the Case of Axial and Symmetrical Electrical Arrays
Authors: Ageenkov E.V. , Sitnikov A.A. , Pesterev I.Yu. , Popkov A.V.
Published: July 2020

—The paper considers the manifestation of electromagnetic (EM) signal over the conducting polarizable ground on the measuring lines located on the axis of the source and inside it (for the symmetric Schlumberger installation). The research is based on a numerical experiment. Calculations of the EM response from one-dimensional models were carried out. The polarizability is taken into account by the frequency-dependent resistivity, using the Cole-Cole model. We describe the results of a numerical experiment on calculation of the induction signal over a conductive polarizable medium on grounded 2- and 3-electrode measuring lines located in the axial and equatorial zones of the source. It is shown that the induced polarization and the polarization associated with galvanic and eddy current are manifested in different ways.
ЕНДОГЕНІЗАЦІЯ РОЗВИТКУ ЕКОНОМІКИ У ВИМІРІ РІВНОПРАВНОСТІ ВІДНОСИН ДЕРЖАВИ, БІЗНЕСУ ТА СУБ’ЄКТІВ ГОЛОСУВАННЯ
Authors: ГЕЄЦЬ Валерій
Published: July 2020

В Україні відбувається боротьба між колективізмом минулого та індивідуалізованою активністю сучасності із схильністю до опортуністичної поведінки. Ця глибока суперечність є історично зумовленою, і, власне, це й задало вищий рівень соціального втілення у формування екстрактивних інститутів. Таким чином, і перед суспільством, і перед державою постає завдання гармонізації діяльності державних інститутів, церковних організацій, партій і рухів, оскільки неконтрольовані ринки за своїми наслідками є руйнівними, бо позбавлені морального фундаменту.В останні три роки в Україні, після істотного падіння економіки і реалізації політики жорсткої економії, 51,1% населення мають рівень доходів, нижчий за прожитковий мінімум. Можливості подолання зазначеної деструкції в доходах населення України значно обмежені, оскільки ця негативна тенденція логічно пов’язана з відповідними глобальними процесами, які через 20 років можуть поглибити нерівність як у доходах, так і щодо контролю над власністю. А це буде ще більш несправедливим стосовно людей, і, відповідно, формуватимуться "світи мільярдів бідняків", як нині стверджують фахівці з проблем бідності. І це буде характерною ознакою "нового середньовіччя", на чому вже теж наголошувалося, оскільки загальновизнано, що ті, хто має майно або капітал, багатіють набагато швидше, ніж ті, хто такого майна не має.Нинішні інститути держави і влада, в тому числі і в Україні, в цілому характеризуються низьким рівнем довіри в суспільстві. Отже, без тісної співпраці держави з організаціями громадянського суспільства успішне реформування вітчизняної економіки та проведення активної економічної політики якщо і можливі, то тільки завдяки надто повільному просуванню вперед, та ще й під тиском зовнішніх факторів, які не завжди реалізуються в національних інтересах. Ось чому в Україні мають актуалізуватися засади "розвиваючого протекціонізму" відповідно до національних економічних інтересів, які перебувають під серйозним екзогенним тиском. Саме тому необхідно здійснити перехід на стабільну траєкторію довгострокового економічного зростання на основах ендогенізації, завдяки якій знижуватиметься роль екзогенних чинників в економічному розвитку, які нині домінують.
ОРГАНІЧНЕ ВИРОБНИЦТВО – ОСНОВА ЗДОРОВ’Я ЛЮДЕЙ І ПРИРОДИ
Authors: КУЗНЯК Богдан
Published: July 2020

Розглядається пошук форм і методів сприяння розвитку органічного сільського господарства, споживанню органічної продукції та її поширенню через довготривалу концепцію маркетингу. Тривалість життя в Україні за останні роки зменшилася на 10 років порівняно з європейськими країнами. Природна родючість землі поступово погіршується через надмірне застосування мінеральних добрив, пестицидів, отрутохімікатів та інші негативні чинники. Це призвело до руйнування родючого шару грунту і найціннішої її складової – гумусу, вміст якого знизився за останні 100 років з 13–14% до 3–5%.Це значно погіршило умови життєдіяльності грунтових мікроорганізмів, які забезпечують діяльність органічних речовин, живлення сільськогосподарських рослин, знизило якість вирощеної продукції, що негативно позначається на здоров’ї людей і природі.Виходом з цієї складної ситуації є перехід до органічного ведення сільського господарства, яке на сучасному етапі дедалі більше набуває світового стратегічного напряму.Основними принципами органічного землеробства є: 1) відмова від використання мінеральних добрив і хімічних засобів захисту рослин (отрутохімікатів); 2) використання органічних добрив і сидератів ("зелених добрив", які наповнюють грунт органічною масою і знищують бур’яни); 3) поверхневий обробіток грунту (не глибше 11 см), що є достатнім для розпушування верхнього його шару, захисту від бур’янів, збалансованості мікроформ; 4) забезпечення науково обгрунтованих сівозмін, що забезпечує родючість грунту, боротьбу з бур’янами і збудниками хвороб.
ВІД МІСТА-ПЕРЕХРЕСТЯ ДО МІСТА-ЖЕРТВИ: ЛЬВІВ У РОМАНІ ЮРІЯ ВИННИЧУКА «ТАНҐО СМЕРТІ»
Authors: Монолатій Іван
Published: July 2020

У статті на основі аналізу особливостей роману Юрія Винничука «Танґо смерті» проаналізовано авторські наративні стратегії переосмислення на прикладі Львова сюжетів міської історії у 1930–1940-х роках, реконструкції колективної і персональних пам’ятей містян. Проаналізований письменницький текст є суттєвим прикладом «вписування» Львова у пам’яттєвий дискурс сучасної української літератури, а тому має два часові зрізи – довоєнний/воєнний (міжвоєнний період, роки Другої світової війни) і сучасний.  Досліджувані події вивчаються як історія містян (зокрема взаємин дітей бійців Армії УНР, розстріляних 1921-го під Базаром), які є носіями різних, часто конфліктних національних ідентичностей, виклику щодо можливостей реконструкції пам’яті про «спільний» Львів в умовах військово-політичного конфлікту і радикального загострення міжнаціональних взаємин, а також як відновлення пам’яті про Янівський концентраційний табір. Стверджується, що уявну та справжню поліфонію взаємин у передвоєнному Львові (як і в інших містах Галичини), а також дитинство-юність героїв «історичної» частини роману Ю. Винничука руйнує вересень 1939 року. Події Другої світової війни, описані на прикладі Львова, є важливим компонентом міської пам’яті, а пережиті страждання героїв роману можна назвати одним із потужних детермінантних елементів національної ідентичності. У своєму романі Ю. Винничук вдається до отілеснення музики, інсценізуючи текст роману як «танґо», створюючи тим самим партитуру поліфонічності Львова з міста-перехрестя у місто-жертву з його мешканцями. На прикладі роману Ю. Винничука показано, що «львівська» пам’ять є маркером темпорального горизонту, зокрема комунікативна пам’ять передає історичний досвід міста у межах індивідуальних біографій протагоністів роману за допомогою живих спогадів, безпосереднього досвіду й усної оповіді. Запропоновано розглядати письменника як носія мнемонічного інформаційного ресурсу, того, хто накопичує пам’ять про трагічні сторінки міської історії і ретранслює до своїх сучасників. Аналіз роману Ю. Винничука «Танґо смерті» показує, що, по-перше, Львів є прикладом не так символічного, як цілком реального місця пам’яті, і, по-друге, підтвердженням сучасної тези А. Ассман про місце пам’яті, що «освячене присутністю мертвих».
Care Coordination Program for Children With Complex Chronic Conditions Discharged From a Rural Tertiary-Care Academic Medical Center
Authors: Parker Clayten L. , Wall Bennett , Tumin Dmitry , Stanley Rhonda , Warren Lana , Deal Kathy , Stroud Tara , Crickmore Kim , Ledoux Matthew
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Hospital discharge offers an opportunity to initiate coordination of follow-up care, preventing readmissions or emergency department (ED) recidivism. We evaluated how revisits and costs of care varied in a 12-month period between children in a care coordination program at our center (enrolled after hospital discharge with a tracheostomy or on a ventilator) and children with complex chronic condition discharges who were not enrolled.

METHODS:

Children ages 1 to 17 years were retrospectively included if they had a hospital discharge in 2017 with an International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code meeting complex chronic condition criteria or if they were in active follow-up with the care coordination program. Revisits and total costs of care were compared over 2018 for included patients.

RESULTS:

Seventy patients in the program were compared with 56 patients in the control group. On bivariate analysis, the median combined number of hospitalizations and ED visits in 2018 was lower among program participants (0 vs 1; P = .033), and program participation was associated with lower median total costs of care in 2018 ($700 vs $3200; P = .024). On multivariable analysis, care coordination program participation was associated with 59% fewer hospitalizations in 2018 (incidence rate ratio: 0.41; 95% confidence interval: 0.23 to 0.75; P = .004) but was not significantly associated with reduced ED visits or costs.

CONCLUSIONS:

The care coordination program is a robust service spanning the continuum of patient care. We found program participation to be associated with reduced rehospitalization, which is an important driver of costs for children with medical complexity.
Discharge Communication Practices for Children With Medical Complexity: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Rush Margaret , Herrera Nicole , Melwani Anjna
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Children with medical complexity (CMC) have an increased risk of adverse events after hospital discharge. Authors of previous studies have evaluated discharge communication practices with primary care providers (PCPs) in adults and general pediatric patients. There is a lack of evidence surrounding hospitalist communication practices at discharge for CMC. In this study, we explore hospitalist-to-PCP communication for CMC at hospital discharge.

METHODS:

A retrospective chart review was performed at a single tertiary care children’s hospital. The population included patients with ≥1 complex chronic condition who were discharged from the pediatric hospitalist team. The presence, type, and quality of discharge communication were collected. A descriptive analysis in which we used χ2, t test, Wilcoxon rank testing, and odds ratios was conducted to identify differences in communication practices in CMC.

RESULTS:

We identified 368 eligible patients and reviewed their electronic medical records. Discharge communication was documented for 59% of patient encounters. Communication was less likely to occur for patients with technology dependence (P = .01), older patients (P = .02), and those who were admitted to a teaching service (P = .04). The quality of discharge summaries did not change for patients with technology dependence compared with patients without technology dependence.

CONCLUSIONS:

Communication with the PCP at discharge was less likely to be documented in children with technology dependence. Hospitalists may encounter barriers in completion of appropriate and timely discharge communication with PCPs for CMC. Consistent handoff processes could be used to improve care for our patients with enhanced coordination needs.
Longitudinal Prevalence of Tracheostomized Children in Minnesota
Authors: Muesing Chad , Schimelpfenig Brianna , Hustvet Derek , Maynard Roy , Christensen Eric W.
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES:

To identify the annual prevalence of tracheostomized children over an 11-year span in Minnesota. Secondary objectives included decannulation and mortality rates.

METHODS:

Retrospective review from 2008 to 2018 of a pediatric home care company database that provides home care services for ≥95% of tracheostomized children in Minnesota. The study group was divided into 2 cohorts: tracheostomized children that never required invasive home mechanical ventilation (iHMV) and tracheostomized children that required iHMV. Outcome measures included prevalence rates of tracheostomized children with or without iHMV, primary diagnoses, decannulation, and death rates.

RESULTS:

Prevalence rates for tracheostomized children ≤16 years of age per 100 000 population increased 39% from 12.3 in 2008 to 17.2 in 2018. This upward trend was primarily associated with an increase in tracheostomized children receiving iHMV. This prevalence trend was inversely correlated with age. There was no significant change in the decannulation rate. The annual all-cause death rate declined over the study period and was primarily associated with decreased mortality in children receiving iHMV. If national prevalence rates in 2018 were comparable to Minnesota, the results suggest there were 2839 pediatric home care patients with tracheostomies not requiring iHMV and 9024 children receiving iHMV.

CONCLUSIONS:

The population of tracheostomized children in Minnesota is expanding at a disproportionate rate relative to the population of children at large. This increase is predominantly associated with an increase in iHMV. Although the annual all-cause death rate has declined over the past decade, there was no change in the decannulation rate.
Suspected Neonatal Sepsis: Tenth Clinical Consensus of the Ibero-American Society of Neonatology (SIBEN)
Authors: Sola Augusto , Mir Ramón , Lemus Lourdes , Fariña Diana , Ortiz Javier , Golombek Sergio ,   on behalf of members of the 10th SIBEN Clinical Consensus
Published: July 2020

Suspected neonatal sepsis is one of the most common diagnoses made in newborns (NBs), but very few NBs actually have sepsis. There is no international consensus to clearly define suspected neonatal sepsis, but each time that this suspected diagnosis is assumed, blood samples are taken, venous accesses are used to administer antibiotics, and the mother-child pair is separated, with prolonged hospital stays. X-rays, urine samples, and a lumbar puncture are sometimes taken. This is of concern, as generally <10% and no more than 25%-30% of the NBs in whom sepsis is suspected have proven neonatal sepsis. It seems easy to start antibiotics with suspicion of sepsis, but stopping them is difficult, although there is little or no support to maintain them. Unfortunately, the abuse of antibiotics in inpatient and outpatient NBs is foolish. Its negative impact on neonatal health and the economy is a public health problem of epidemiological and even epidemic proportions. This manuscript is a shortened version of the 10th Clinical Consensus of the Ibero-American Society of Neonatology (SIBEN) on suspected neonatal sepsis at the end of 2018, updated with publications from its completion to February 2020. This manuscript describes useful strategies for everyday neonatal practice when neonatal sepsis is suspected, along with important aspects about the indisputable value of clinical evaluation of the NB and about obtaining and interpreting blood cultures, urine cultures, and other cultures. Likewise, the low value of laboratory tests in suspected neonatal sepsis is demonstrated with evidence and clinical recommendations are made on the appropriate use of antibiotics.
Abuse of Antibiotics in Perinatology: Negative Impact for Health and the Economy
Authors: Sola Augusto
Published: July 2020

To use medications appropriately, patients need to be treated based on their clinical conditions, in doses that are based on their individual requirements, for an adequate amount of time, and at the lowest expense. The perinatal period is characterized by an excessive use of antibiotics. This antibiotic abuse can lead to antibiotic resistance, microbiome alterations, and dysbiosis, which have been associated with serious complications such as infections, abnormal brain development, allergies, autoimmune disorders, obesity, and an increase in mortality as well as an increase in health care expenditures. The need to optimize antibiotic utilization in perinatal medicine has never been more urgent; there is not much more time to wait.
An Organ for My Child: Public Appeals for Limited Resources
Authors: Wightman Aaron , Freeman Michael
Published: July 2020

The case of Jamie Fiske and subsequent public appeals for particular children by President Ronald Reagan represent classic cases in pediatric bioethics in which parents or others publicly appealed for a donor organ for a particular child. These raise questions about the appropriate boundaries for public appeals for a limited resource for a particular child and how the press and medical community should respond to such appeals. Public appeals by parents to advocate for their child to receive a limited resource above others promote rationing by morally irrelevant factors and shift the public focus from the national shortage of organs for transplant to the needs of a particular child. Yet these appeals are understandable and will likely continue. Recognizing this, we consider appropriate responses by the media, transplant community, hospitals, and individual clinicians.
The Suffering Child: Claims of Suffering in Seminal Cases and What To Do About Them
Authors: Friedrich Annie B.
Published: July 2020

In all of medicine, there is perhaps nothing so distressing as bearing witness to a patient’s suffering, especially if that patient is a child. We want to do everything that we can to avoid or alleviate a child’s suffering, yet what do clinicians, ethicists, lawyers, or family members mean when they use the term “suffering,” and how should these claims of suffering factor into pediatric decision-making? This question of suffering and what to do about it has played a key role in several prominent pediatric cases over the past decade, including the cases of Charlie Gard, Alfie Evans, and Baby Joseph. These cases have become seminal cases precisely because there is no clear resolution, and the “suffering child” continues to challenge our moral ideals of what it means to live a good life. In this article, I explore the various ways in which the concept of suffering is used in these cases, and I offer new ways in which parents, providers, and all those who work with sick children can approach the suffering child.
Defining Death: Lessons From the Case of Jahi McMath
Authors: Truog Robert D.
Published: July 2020

Death is defined biologically as the irreversible loss of the functioning of the organism as a whole, which typically occurs after the loss of cardiorespiratory function. In 1968, a Harvard committee proposed that death could also be defined neurologically as the irreversible loss of brain function. Brain death has been considered to be equivalent to cardiorespiratory arrest on the basis of the belief that the brain is required to maintain functioning of the organism as a whole and that without the brain, cardiorespiratory arrest and biological death are both rapid and certain. Over the past 20 years, however, this equivalence has been shown to be false on the basis of numerous cases of patients correctly diagnosed as brain-dead who nevertheless continued to survive for many years. The issue reached national attention with the case of Jahi McMath, a young woman diagnosed as brain-dead after a surgical accident, who survived for almost 5 years, mostly at home, supported with a ventilator and tube feedings. The fact that brain death is not biological death has many implications, notably including the concern that procurement of organs from brain-dead donors may not comply with the so-called dead donor rule, which requires that vital organs be procured from patients only after they are dead. In this article, I conclude with an analysis of options for moving forward and among them advocate for reframing brain death as a “social construct,” with implicit societal acceptance that patients diagnosed as brain-dead may be treated legally and ethically the same as if they were biologically dead.
Dynamics of indices of metabolism in muscle tissue, liver and gonads of Abramis brama in different periods of the annual cycle
Authors: Payuta A. A. , Flerova E. A.
Published: July 2020

The aim of this research was to study the dynamics of metabolism in the body of bream Abramis brama (L.) at different periods of the annual cycle: pre-spawning, spawning, post-spawning and feeding. The object of the study was 55 male and 53 female bream aged 9–13 years, to reduce the effect of age on the studied parameters. Individuals were measured, weighed, gender was determined, gonad maturity stage, age; the condition factor and organ indices were calculated. The content of moisture, dry matter, lipids, proteins, ash and nitrogen-free extracts (NFE) in the muscles, liver and gonads of male and female bream have been analyzed. The lowest coefficients of condition factor were found in bream during the autumn feeding season, the highest in males during spawning, in females before and after spawning. In the muscle tissue of male and female bream the content of metabolic products in the feeding period and before spawning differed slightly. In the spawning period, the muscles of males exceeded the muscle tissue of females in lipid content by more than two times. In the annual cycle of the bream, the ovaries contain more protein than the testes. The bream of different sex revealed differences in the intensity of metabolic processes during the maturation of gonads: in males, energy costs are more pronounced after wintering before spawning, while in females, during spawning. The main energy reserve in the form of lipids in the annual cycle changes more significantly in the body of male bream than in females. Ovarian maturation requires more metabolite reserves than maturation of the testes, however, males have increased expenditure associated with reproductive behaviour during spawning. Therefore, the total energy contribution to reproduction may be the same for female and for male bream. Bream’s liver and muscle tissue can serve as a source of energy during food shortages and during spawning. In the annual cycle, the condition factor of bream increases due to an increase in the moisture content in the muscles.
Are Heteroptera communities able to be bioindicators of urban environments?
Authors: Kunakh O. M. , Fedyay I. O.
Published: July 2020

The Heteroptera is a group of animals associated with the vegetation cover. The conducted analysis indicates that groups of heteropterans in the urban environment have a pattern of reaction to the environmental factors, determined using the phytoindication method. In the study, we considered the following hypotheses: 1) phytoindicational assessments of ecological factors may explain the patterns of variation of the groups of heteropterans; 2) among Heteroptera species, comparatively homogenous ecological groups could be distinguished which are characterized by similar character of response to the effect of certain environmental factors; 3) these groups could be used for bioindication of the conditions of environment in urban ecosystems. Stationary collection of heteropterans was performed during three years from May to October of 2017–2019 on six plots in Kharkiv. The article describes factors which affect the structure of groups of Heteroptera within the ecosystem of the large city and assess the bioindication possibilities. The data presented in the article, as well as the conclusions drawn, are to a large extent associated with stenotopic species, most of which could be used as bioindicators of the condition of one or another biocenosis. According to the results of a taxonomical survey in the territory of Kharkiv, 180 species of Heteroptera were found, belonging to 120 genera and 17 families. The highest species diversity was seen for the family Miridae, accounting for 50 species (27.0% of the total number of counted species). Fewer species were identified as the representatives of families Lygaeidae – 46 species (24.9%) and Pentatomidae – 23 (12.4%). Family Rhopalidae was represented by 11 species (5.9%). Nabidae and Tingidae – 10 species each (5.4%). Families Coreidae – 8 (4.3%), Cydnidae and Scutelleridae – 4 species each (2.2%), Anthocoridae – 3 (1.6%). The families Berytidae, Piesmatidae, Pyrrhocoridae and Reduviidae were represented by only 2 species each (1.1%). Families Acanthosomatidae, Alydidae and Aradidae were represented by 1 species each, in total accounting for 1.5%. The reasonably high level of species and ecological diversities of Heteroptera in the territory of the city allows them to be used in bioindication studies. We determined comparatively homogenous ecological groups of heteropterans which have a similar pattern of response to the impact of certain environmental factors. The study demonstrates that phytoindicatory assessments of the ecological factors can explain the patterns of variation in groups of heteropterans, We determined the factors which have effects on the structure of the group of heteropterans within the metropolitan ecosystem. The level of their effect on groups of heteropterans within the city is different. The most influential were light and humidity. Comparison of potential and realized projections of ecological space allows us, to a certain extent, to generate hypotheses about the orientations of transformation of the group heteropterans.
The Numerical study of the influence of a two-scale pore structure on the dynamic strength of water-saturated concrete
Authors: Konovalenko Ig. S , Shilko E. V , Konovalenko Iv. S
Published: July 2020

Many infrastructural concrete facilities, such as dams, bridge footings, foundations of port facilities and offshore drilling platforms, operate in a permanent contact with water. The permeable fractured-porous structure of concrete determines the water-saturated state of the surface layers of such concrete elements. Under dynamic contact loading, the pore fluid is capable of exerting a significant mechanical influence on the local stress-strain state and strength characteristics of the surface layers of concrete. This has to be taken into account when assessing the wear intensity of surface layers and predicting a concrete element’s service life. The aforesaid determines the relevance of the study aimed at identifying the influence of the pore fluid and characteristics of the concrete pore structure on the strength and fracture pattern under quasistatic and dynamic compressive loading. The present work is devoted to the theoretical study and generalization of the laws of mechanical influence of the pore fluid on the dynamic strength of high-strength concrete with a two-scale pore structure. The emphasis in the study is on analyzing the contributions of each of the pore subsystems to the integral mechanical effect of the fluid. To carry out such an analysis, a coupled hydromechanical model is developed. It takes into account the compositional structure of concrete, the presence of a pore space in a cement stone of two different scales, the interaction of a pore liquid and a solid-phase skeleton based on the Bio poroelasticity model, as well as fluid filtration in a pore space. By using the developed model were performed the numerical studies of the dependence between the compressive strength of the representative concrete volumes of the mesoscopic scale on the strain rate, the sample size, the pore fluid viscosity, and pore structure parameters. The simulation results showed the possibility of combining the obtained dependencies into a generalized (master) curve in terms of a combined dimensionless parameter, which has the meaning similar to the Darcy number. We identified two key factors that control the type and parameters of the concrete master curve of the dynamic strength. The first factor is the mobility of the pore fluid in the network of the capillary pores. It determines the rate of stress equalization in the porous skeleton due to fluid flow. The second factor is the interconnection of large micropores with the network of the small capillary pore channels. It determines the magnitude of the decrease in stress concentration in micropores by filtering the excess pore fluid into the capillary pore network. It is shown that the contributions of these two factors to the amplitude of variation of the dynamic strength of the water-saturated concrete are additive, and their total contribution reaches 25 %.
The current state and tendencies of using rheological models for self-forming wooden structures
Authors: Ponomarev V. S , Kashevarova G. G
Published: July 2020

Wood is a natural and ecological material. Exceptional mechanical properties of wood allow it to be used in building structures subject to chemically active substances. However some changes in mechanical characteristics of wood under the influence of water and temperature, as well as its anisotropy, limit the application areas of this material. Based on the results of the research by S.P. Timoshenko, foreign scientists proposed a method that makes it possible to use these shortcomings of wood to create wooden structures of unique shapes. This article considers the self-forming process of glued layered wooden structures, which is based on various rheological processes taking place in wood. In order to predict the shape of a glued layered wooden structure obtained with the self-forming method, an accurate rheological model is required, which takes into account all wood deformation mechanisms. We analyzed the available rheological models of wood proposed or described both by Russian and foreign scientists, as well as the international experimental studies and numerical modeling results of the self-formed glued layered wooden structures. Based on the analysis results, it was found that the present rheological models do not take into account a number of factors that influence the process of self-forming of glued layered wooden structures. The rheological model, which includes a complete list of factors affecting wood deformation (elastic and plastic deformation, wood shrinkage or swelling, viscous-elastic creep deformation and mechanical and sorption deformation), is the most promising for creating unique architectural objects from glued wood. But it also has a number of shortcomings, mainly due to inconsideration of some factors and few experimental studies. Such factors include the geometric parameters of layers of the glued wooden structures, the surface treatment of layers, temperature, as well as wood species. These factors influence the process of wood shrinkage and swelling, thus the final shape of a wooden structure. It is necessary to have additional experimental and theoretical studies of the mechanical behavior of glued wooden structures which will take into account these factors, as well as to study other species of wood including their combinations.
Issues, problems and potential solutions when simulating continuous, non-normal data in the social sciences
Authors: Olvera Oscar Lorenzo
Published: July 2020

Computer simulations have become one of the most prominent tools for methodologists in the social sciences to evaluate the properties of their statistical techniques and to offer best practice recommendations. Amongst the many uses of computer simulations, evaluating the robustness of methods to their assumptions, particularly univariate or multivariate normality, is crucial to ensure the appropriateness of data analysis. In order to accomplish this, quantitative researchers need to be able to generate data where they have a degree of control over its non-normal properties. Even though great advances have been achieved in statistical theory and computational power, the task of simulating multivariate, non-normal data is not straightforward. There are inherent conceptual and mathematical complexities implied by the phrase "non-normality" which are not always reflected in the simulations studies conduced by social scientists. The present article attempts to offer a summary of some of the issues concerning the simulation of multivariate, non-normal data in the social sciences. An overview of common algorithms is presented as well as some of the characteristics and idiosyncrasies that implied in them which may exert undue influence in the results of simulation studies. A call is made to encourage the meta-scientific study of computer simulations in the social sciences in order to understand how simulation designs frame the teaching, usage and practice of statistical techniques within the social sciences.
The Dragon
Authors: Duma Narjust
Published: July 2020

A young oncologist shares stories of caring for cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, describing both moments of weakness and moments of strength.
Risk factors for postoperative delirium in elderly patients after spinal fusion surgery
Authors: Choi Sijin , Jung Inyoung , Yoo Byunghoon , Lee Sangseok , Kim Mun Cheol
Published: July 2020

Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) has an incidence rate of 9% to 41%. It is directly linked to decreasing cognitive function, increasing length of hospitalization and cost, as well as other complications and mortality. We aimed to assess the risk factors for POD among elderly patients by analyzing data from those who underwent spinal surgery.Methods: This study included 446 patients aged 65 years or older who underwent spinal surgery at our institution between March 2013 and May 2018. Data were collected retrospectively from the patients’ electronic medical records, and logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors associated with POD. The diagnosis of POD was based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and was made through consultation with a psychiatrist during postoperative hospitalization and before discharge.Results: Seventy-eight (78/446, 17.4%) patients were diagnosed with POD. The most relevant risk factor for POD was preoperative cognitive dysfunction (odds ratio [OR], 4.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60 to 11.93; P = 0.004), followed by emergency surgery (OR, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.27 to 5.74; P = 0.01), age (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.26; P < 0.001), and anesthesia time (OR, 1.01; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.01; P = 0.002).Conclusions: Preoperative cognitive dysfunction, emergency surgery, age, and anesthesia time were factors that affected POD occurrence after spinal surgery. Patients with such associated factors may be at a higher risk for POD when undergoing spinal surgery, and hence, careful management may be necessary for these patients.
Advantages and pitfalls of clinical application of sugammadex
Authors: Lee Hyung Young , Jung Ki Tae
Published: July 2020

Sugammadex, a modified γ-cyclodextrin, is one of the drugs focused on in the anesthetic field because it provides rapid and complete reversal from neuromuscular blockade (NMB) by encapsulating rocuronium. Its introduction has revolutionized anesthesia practice because it is a safe, predictable, and reliable neuromuscular antagonist. Hence, its use has increased worldwide. Further, it has been in the spotlight for recovering from deep NMB in laparoscopic surgery and improving the surgical condition. Recently, studies have been conducted on the postoperative outcome after deep NMB and use of sugammadex in various clinical conditions. However, with increase in sugammadex use, reports regarding its complications are increasing. Appropriate dosing of sugammadex with quantitative neuromuscular monitoring is emphasized because under-dosing or over-dosing of sugammadex might be associated with unexperienced complications. Sugammadex is now leaping into an ideal reversal agent, changing the anesthesia practice.
Spinal anesthesia for urgent Cesarean section in a patient with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease - A case report -
Authors: Park Sangyoong , Choi Soron , Jeong Joonho , Kim Jeongho
Published: July 2020

Background: Effective treatment of Graves’ disease during pregnancy is important because uncontrolled hyperthyroidism is associated with increased fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. While there have been case reports of patients with Graves’ disease who failed to achieve euthyroid state during pregnancy, anesthesiologists rarely encounter patients with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism undergoing urgent Cesarean section.Case: A 31-year-old pregnant patient had uncontrolled hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease despite medical treatment. Her signs and symptoms suggested fetal distress and aggravation of the disease, leading to hospitalization. After a failed induction for vaginal delivery, an urgent Cesarean section was performed under spinal anesthesia via an interlaminar approach using 9 mg of 0.5% heavy bupivacaine and 20 μg of fentanyl. It resulted in successful delivery, with no perioperative complications for the mother and neonate. Conclusions: This case demonstrates that spinal anesthesia may provide clinical stability to patients with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism undergoing urgent Cesarean section.
Performance of the MP570T pulse oximeter in volunteers participating in the controlled desaturation study: a comparison of seven probes
Authors: Choi Byung-Moon , Kang Bong Jin , Yun Ho-Yong , Jeon Bokyoung , Bang Ji-Yeon , Noh Gyu-Jeong
Published: July 2020

Background: The performance of the pulse oximeter was evaluated based on the ISO 80601-2-61:2011 (E) guidelines. This study aimed to determine whether the various finger probes of the MP570T pulse oximeter (MEK-ICS Co., Ltd., Korea) would provide clinically reliable peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) readings over a range of 70100% arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) during non-motion conditions.Methods: Each volunteer (n = 12) was connected to a breathing circuit for the administration of a hypoxic gas mixture. For frequent blood sampling, an arterial cannula was placed in a radial artery. The following seven pulse oximeter probes were simultaneously attached to each volunteer’s fingers: (1) WA-100 reusable finger probe (MEDNIS Co., Ltd., Korea), (2) MDNA disposable finger probe (MEDNIS Co., Ltd.), (3) IS-1011 disposable finger probe (Insung Medical Co., Ltd., Korea), (4) CJ340NA disposable finger probe (CHUN JI IN Medical Co., Ltd., Korea), (5) NellcorTM OxiMax DS-100A reusable finger probe (Medtronic, USA), (6) NellcorTM OxiMax MAX-N disposable finger probe (Medtronic), and (7) OXI-PRO DA disposable finger probe (Bio-Protech Inc., Korea). Results: A total of 275 SpO2-SaO2 pairs were included in the analysis. The accuracy of the root mean square (Arms) of each probe was 2.83%, 3.98%, 3.75%, 6.84%, 3.43%, 5.17%, and 3.84%, respectively.Conclusions: The MP570T pulse oximeter with WA-100 reusable, MDNA disposable, IS-1011 disposable, NellcorTM OxiMax DS-100A reusable, and OXI-PRO DA disposable finger probes meets an acceptable standard of SpO2 accuracy under non-motion conditions.
Effect of two-week continuous epidural administration of 2% lidocaine on mechanical allodynia induced by spinal nerve ligation in rats
Authors: Cheong Yuseon , Kim Minsoo , Kim Namyoong , Hwang Byeongmun
Published: July 2020

Background: Lidocaine is an effective against certain types of neuropathic pain. This study aimed to investigate whether timing of initiating continuous epidural infusion of lidocaine affected the glial activation and development of neuropathic pain induced by L5/6 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in rats. Methods: Following L5/6 SNL, rats were epidurally infused 2% lidocaine (drug infusion initiated on days 1, and 7 post SNL model establishment) or saline (saline infusion initiated on day 1 post SNL model establishment) continuously for 14 days. Mechanical allodynia of the hind paw to von Frey filament stimuli was determined prior to surgery, postoperative day 3, and once weekly after SNL model establishment. At 7 days after the infusion of saline or lidocaine ended, spinal activation of proinflammatory cytokines and astrocytes was evaluated immunohistochemically, using antibodies to interleukin-6 (IL-6) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).Results: Continuous epidural administration of 2% lidocaine for 14 days increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold regardless of the difference in timing of initiating lidocaine administration. Epidurally infusing 2% lidocaine inhibited nerve ligation-induced IL-6 and GFAP activation. In the 2% lidocaine infusion group, rats maintained the increased mechanical withdrawal threshold even at 7 days after the discontinuation of 2% lidocaine infusion. Conclusions: Continuous epidural administration of 2% lidocaine inhibited the development of SNL-induced mechanical allodynia and suppressed IL-6 and GFAP activation regardless of the difference in timing of initiating lidocaine administration.
The experience of infection prevention for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during general anesthesia in an epidemic of COVID-19: including unexpected exposure case
- Two cases report -
Authors: Kim Hyunkyum , Oh Jeongmin , Lee Sang-Gon , Shim Kwang-Seok
Published: July 2020

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been an epidemic in the Republic of Korea since the first patient who came in China was confirmed as having the disease on January 19, 2020. Therefore, surgery for COVID-19-related patients is expected to increase.Case: We experienced two cases of COVID-19-related patients who underwent surgery for femur fracture under general anesthesia. In one case, infection control to prevent transmission was achieved, while in the second case, healthcare workers were exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).Conclusions: In areas where there is COVID-19 epidemic, SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR should be performed before surgery in patients with symptoms of respiratory infection such as fever, cough, and sputum, or for those in whom the possibility of COVID-19 cannot be completely excluded. Efforts should be made to prevent healthcare worker’s exposure and the contamination of the operating room.
Relações públicas avançadas: fortalecer uma abordagem reflexiva e educacional
Authors: Ruão Teresa , Fernández-Souto Ana Belén
Published: July 2020

Este volume da revista Comunicação e Sociedade explora uma abordagem aos estudos em relações públicas avançadas. De modo a que o leitor acompanhe a visão das relações públicas (RP) que aqui propomos – recuperando a sugestão do texto, de Fombrun e Shanley (1990), “What’s in a name? Reputation building and corporate strategy” –, esta nota introdutória explicará o sentido que imprimimos à expressão, a partir de um regresso aos fundamentos das RP. Com este fim, recordamos o texto de Hutton, de 1999, para situar a nossa interpretação de relações públicas como “a gestão estratégica das relações” entre as organizações e os seus diferentes stakeholders. Trata-se de uma definição já clássica (Grunig & Todd, 1984), mas que, pela sua visão holística, permite acompanhar os debates mais recentes...