bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREPARATION OF MIXED HYDROGELS BASED ON BIOPOLYMERS AND THE STUDY OF THEIR RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: SALIKOVA Natalya S. , BEKTEMISSOVA Ainash U. , NAZAROVA Valentina D. , BEGENOVA Bahyt E. , OSTAFEICHUK Natalya V.
Published: August 2021

A well-known, affordable, and cheap method of modifying biopolymers is their simple mixing with synthetic and natural polymers. As a result, similar to metal alloys, polymer-polymer complexes with predetermined properties can be obtained. Although interpolymer complexes became a subject of study and application a long time ago, in domestic practice, the study of natural biopolymers is limited. The purpose of this study was to present and study the issue of structuring in solutions of bio- and synthetic polymers, as with a low dry matter content such structures have many properties of a solid. Natural ampholytic polymers are polyelectrolytes, which is also of great importance for their further study. By analyzing the results of studies of complexes formed by a synthetic linear polyelectrolyte with a charged partner – protein, it becomes possible to create new “smart” polyelectrolyte complexes that can undergo phase changes in narrow, controlled pH ranges. The positive effect of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose on the gelation of 5% gelatine hydrogels was established. It was determined that the presence of additives of inorganic salts leads to an increase in the swelling of gelatine gels. It was established that more durable gels are less prone to aging. The practical significance of these studies is determined by the fact that in many industries (food, soap, paint, and varnish), it is necessary to obtain structures with tailor-made properties. Gel formation may also be an undesirable phenomenon that must be prevented, for example, in the production of chemical fibers, glues, and tanning solutions. Furthermore, biological objects themselves in most cases, by their nature, are protein gels with specific mechanical properties. Keywords: structure and dynamics of gelatine mixed hydrogels, adsorption on solid surfaces, collapse of heterogeneous networks, swelling and aging of mixed gelatine hydrogels.
INVESTIGATION OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING ABOUT SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION ON MASS-SPRING SYSTEM
Authors: NUGRAHA Dewanta Arya , CARI C. , SUPARMI A. , SUNARNO Widha
Published: August 2021

Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) is one of a primary physics topic that underlies other concepts and is closely related to everyday life and technology. It is used to understand the phenomena of mechanical motion, sound, light, and quantum theory, in particular, harmonic oscillators. This study aimed at investigating students conceptual understanding of simple harmonic motion on the mass-spring system. Data collection was made using tests and interviews. The research subjects consisted of 49 students at a university in Jakarta. The instruments used were multiple-choice tasks. The results of the investigation showed that most students have not been able to name the basic concepts of simple harmonic motion, determine the magnitude of the acceleration of objects due to oscillation, and find the scope of the oscillation period. The results show that the average achievement of students is less than 50%. Lack of understanding of student conception is caused by students not being able to relate previous insights (such as Newtons law and Hookes Law) with strategies for solving problems.
CHANGE OF THE CHEMICAL, FAT AND ACID COMPOSITION AND PHYSICAL AND TECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF LAMB FAT UNDER INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FODDER BACKGROUND
Authors: MIRONOVA Irina , GALIEVA Zulfiya , GAZEEV Igor , BELOUSOV Alexander , GALIMOVA Venire
Published: August 2021

The role of fats in nutrition is determined by their high-calorie content and participation in the construction of body tissues, together with proteins and carbohydrates. Enriched nutrition is of great importance in the complex of issues that determine its usefulness. Thus, the question of the effect of probiotics and sorbents in the diet on the animal organism has become very relevant. The purpose of the work was a comparative assessment of the composition and properties of adipose tissue of rams, consuming together and separately preparations with sorption and probiotic effect. The studies were carried out in two stages. In the first, during the scientific and economic experiment, 80 newborn rams grew and developed up to a year of age, followed by the slaughter of three animals from each group. In the second stage, samples of internal fat were examined according to some indicators. Sensory analysis revealed that all internal fat samples met the established requirements, while the color and consistency of the experimental samples improved. The dry matter content, including fat in the experimental samples of fat tissue, increased, and moisture decreased. The physical and technical parameters of internal fat also changed in the intergroup aspect. In the control sample, the iodine number decreased, and the saponification number, pour point, and melting point increased. Calculation of energy value indicates that in the first sample, the indicator increased by 0.08 MJ (0.23%); Group II – by 0.16 MJ (0.45%) and group III – by 0.25 MJ (0.70%). According to the sum of monounsaturated fatty acids, young group III was in the lead. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was the opposite. The biological effectiveness of fats is determined by the ratio that was better in the experimental samples. Thus, the inclusion of fodder additives in the diet of the rams of the Romanov breed helps to improve the quality of raw materials.
TOXOPLASMOSIS AND CONGENITAL DISTURBANCE
Authors: QASIM Mohammed Jasim , NAMA Mustafa Adnan
Published: August 2021

Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by intracellular protozoan parasites called Toxoplasma gondii. The animal and human could suffer from infections through different routes involving diets, non-hygienic habit, contacts to soil, as well as blood transfusions and organs grafting. Some people with immune-compromised status are at a high risk of infection; examples of these groups are pregnant women, fetuses, and newborns. This study aimed to evaluate the role of Toxoplasma infection in the manifestation of abortions and other congenital disturbances among married women aged 18 to 45 years in Maysan city (in the south of Iraq). Inclusion criteria include the study group with a history of infection with Toxoplasma gondii (100 females) and for controls, those who were free from toxoplasmosis (100 females). Exclusion criteria were pregnant women, unmarried women, and those suffering from immunosuppressive diseases. The serum samples were tested for IgG and IgM against Toxoplasma gondii antigens by using the Biomerieux Mini VIDAS automated immunoassay system, which depended on the principle of Enzyme-Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) technology. The study revealed that infected non-aborted women were 14 (14%), while non-infected non-aborted women were 24 (24%). Infected women with one case of abortion were sixty (60.0%), while non-infected women with one case of abortion were 40 (40.0%). The infected women who had two abortion cases and those infected ones who had more than two cases of abortions were 26 (26%) and 14 (14%), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between infected and uninfected women regarding abortion (p 0.01). It has been found that there were highly significant differences between infected and non-infected women concerning anomalies and deliveries by cesarean sections (p-value = 0.001). There was a statically significant difference (p-value =0.01) between infected and non-infected women concerning their deliveries with or without premature babies.
NEW MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: JABBAR Adel Ismael , RAWI Rehab Ayal , ABDULHAMEED Jasim Mohammed
Published: August 2021

Liquid crystals are unique in their properties and use and has an essential role in the area of technological applications such as electrical, optical, displayers, temperature maps, and switching materials. This study aimed to synthesize hexaethynylbenzene derivatives starting from 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene benzene as a central core substituted with three aromatic ring and three armed of 2-chloro-4,6-bis((3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-yl) oxy)-1,3,5-triazine. These molecules are formed by the covalent linking of three arms symmetrically to a central core which may be attached to the central core through flexible, semi-flexible or rigid linkers. The substitution occured at the acetylenic periphery on the central benzene ring and was achieved efficiently by Sonogashira coupling. The six-armed compounds based on the benzene core was mixed with the complementary 4-dodecyloxybenzoic acid 1:1 ratio, which already possessed liquid crystal property to increase the formation of these resulting in an organic salt. The obtained organic salts were investigated for their liquid crystal behaviour by polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All the intermediate and final compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry).
ESTIMATION THE FACTORS AFFECTING ON GROWTH OF ALGAE IN UM EL-NAAJ LAKE BY USING REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES
Authors: AL NAQEEB Neran A. , MASHEE Fouad K. , AL HASSANY Jinan S.
Published: August 2021

Epiphytic algae adherent to aquatic plants are an essential link in the composition of the food chain of any ecosystem. Epiphytic algae act as primary producers of the food chain in the aquatic ecosystem and as natural food for herbivorous zooplankton and fish. This study aimed to detect the presence of algae colonies through remote sensing and to analyze factors that affect the growth of algae through field survey and visual interpretation of satellite images in Lake Um El-Naaj. Samples were collected from six locations on Lake Um El-Naaj from November 2018 to June 2019. The algae samples were collected from submerged parts of emerging aquatic plants (aquatic macrophytes Phragmites australis) and stored in plastic bags with little ambient water and solutions for preservation in the field and the laboratory. Water samples were collected to study the nutritional factors that influence the growth of algae, including the concentration of Phosphate, Nitrate, and Silica (silicon dioxide). The results showed that the values of total phosphorus increased by 1.0, 0.9, and 0.8 mg/L, in January, in places 2, 5, and 6, respectively. The highest nitrate value was 11.2 mg/L in December at site 5, while the lowest concentration values were in November (2.2 mg/L at site 6 and 3.7 mg/L at site 4). Besides, the lowest silicate concentration was 0.4 mg/L in November at site 2, while the highest was 2.4 mg/L in June 2019 at site 6. Based on the findings, it is possible to conclude that, during the winter, the water level increased due to the rain. For this reason, nutrient concentrations were low during the last period. Also, with the use of maps and remote sensing techniques, it is possible to determine the expected values around the station's location as future predictive readings that compensate for the difficulty of reaching these areas.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE BAISHESHEK BARLEY GRAIN PROCESSED BY THE ION-OZONE MIXTURE
Authors: IZTAYEV Аuyelbek , BAIBATYROV Torebek , MUKASHEVA Tarbiye , МULDABEKOVA Bayan , YAKIYAYEVA Маdina
Published: August 2021

The article presents the results of an experimental study of Baisheshek barley grain treated with an ion ozone mixture. This study aims to develop an innovative technology for processing barley with an ion-ozone mixture in order to increase their technological parameters, yield, quality, and grain safety. Kazakhstan has sharply increased the export of barley, and all agronomists, producers, and breeders are actively moving to the cultivation of this crop, while increasing production, productivity, improving product quality, reducing their losses and ensuring storage safety are an urgent task. Microorganisms play an important role during storage, they fall into crop production in a variety of ways, and if they fall into unfavorable storage conditions after harvesting, crop production quickly deteriorates, harmful substances such as toxins, mold, and others accumulate in it, which reduces the commodity value. To solve these problems, experimental studies were conducted on barley of the Baisheshek cultivar treated with an ion-ozone mixture with and without using excess pressure (cavitation). The calculated full-factorial design of experiments of the 23 (8 experiments) and 24 (16 experiments) degrees made it possible to obtain regression equations describing the change in the seed, physico-biochemical, and physiological properties of barley of the Baisheshek variety. The solution of a comprehensive model for optimizing programming for different barley indices made it possible to establish optimal technological processing modes and achievable levels of technological qualities of grain. The effect of the proposed technology for ion-ozone and ion-ozone cavitation treatment is the ion-ozone mixture, which produces deodorization, disinfection of grain, following chemical-physical processes, increases biological value, accelerates the processes of grain metabolism. Studies conducted to improve germination, viability, and growth strength show a reasonably clear picture in terms of their ultimate value. Phenological observations showed that the effects of ion-ozone and ion-ozone cavitation treatment is triggered after 25-30 days. It was found that the greatest tendency for superiority is observed with ion-ozone cavitation treatment, followed by ion-ozone, and the control sample is significantly behind.
EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS CAREER INTEREST FOR PRE-SERVICE MATH AND SCIENCE TEACHERS: A CASE OF LAMPUNG UNIVERSITY, INDONESIA
Authors: SUNYONO Sunyono , TANIA Lisa , SAPUTRA Andrian
Published: August 2021

STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) learning approach integrates four disciplines, namely science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, in solving everyday life problems and giving many learning experiences to students. This study aimed to analyze career interest in the field of STEM for prospective Indonesian Mathematics and Natural Sciences (MIPA) teachers, studying the patterns of relationships between factors, preference levels, and what factors influence it. The research sample was 300 prospective MIPA teachers at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Lampung University. This work involved several stages as (1) adapting and transliterating STEM career interests instruments based on literature sources, (2) analyzing content validity based on expert judgment, (3) spreading tools to research samples and (4) evaluating research data results, assessing bivariate correlations, and the level of interest preference. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis techniques, reliability and variance analysis, and Pearson product-moment correlation. The research results showed information regarding the items in the questionnaire were grouped into four factors, namely engineering career attitude, mathematics career attitude, science career attitude, technology career attitude with loading factors ranging from 0.575 to 0.848. All these factors were able to explain the career attitude of STEM to the sum of 62.43%. The science and mathematics career attitude is the dominant preference for prospective students of Mathematics and Natural Sciences teachers to have a career in the future. Furthermore, the instruments used are valid and reliable to be used to analyze STEM career attitudes for Mathematics and Natural Sciences teacher candidates.
SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS TO DETERMINATION OF GEOTHITE IN KAOLINITE
Authors: DE SOUZA Marcelo Kehl; ; ; ; , KLUNK Marcos Antônio , XAVIER Soyane Juceli Siqueira , DAS Mohuli , DASGUPTA Sudipta
Published: August 2021

One of the main contaminants of kaolinite, the iron, directly impacts quality in its commercial value. The spectroscopic monitoring, measured the depth of absorption of kaolinite, is compared with the literature in order to identify possible contaminants. The occurrence of kaolinite is due to the formation of primary minerals after the partial release of cations and silicon. This clay-mineral has a simple shape, with variable crystallographic imperfections, especially in the presence of iron, which replaces aluminum in the mineral chain, causing various structural disorganizations. The extraction of industrial minerals combined with geological studies, allows the development of new sources of energy, such as clay minerals, in particular kaolinite. Depending on the origin of the kaolinites, the presence of iron oxides in its structure, Fe2O3 and FeO(OH), are common. By comparing the results of spectroscopy (X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, RAMAN) and imaging using SEM-EDS, it was possible to identify kaolinite, with a higher determination coefficient, when the proportion of kaolinite reaches 60% or more in the mix. Kaolinite can be identified and quantified with a high correlation in the mixture from the sample absorption. Thus, the method has great potential to assist in quantifying and, consequently, in discriminating the quality of kaolinite.
EFFECT OF ILLUMINATION ON GROWTH AND BEHAVIOUR OF GUPPY, POECILIA RETICULATA
Authors: RUCHIN Alexander B.
Published: August 2021

The guppy, Poecilia reticulata, is a model for many ichthyological studies. The effect of light on juvenile growth has been studied on the Poecilia reticulata. Studies have been conducted in twenty-liter aquariums. For experiments on the fish arbitrary choice of light intensity (light transmission behavior), it was used radiant pans of organic glass 150 x 15 x 15 cm divided by transparent semi-partitions into ten communicating compartments. The specific growth rate has been determined after the experiments. It increases with the light level increasing. The growth rate is minimal at 0 lx in all series of experiments. It was shown that the sharpest increase in the specific growth rate of guppies occurred when the illumination changed from 0 to 200 lx. A further increase in the intensity of illumination practically did not affect the growth of guppies. Also, the guppy juvenile behavior has been studied in special trays at different light from 3200 to 5900 lx. The motor activity of guppies increases by 30% in lightgradient conditions. The frequency (25 sec) and length of guppies stay (28.3 sec) are the highest in the compartment with 4700 lx. The preferential light zone expands if the juveniles are starving. As the period of starvation increased, guppies began to swim almost equally often and linger in different light zones. Thus, high light conditions stimulate the search behavior and activity of guppies. To grow guppies in production conditions, high illumination is necessary.
THE USE OF ECO-FRIENDLY WILD ONION EXTRACT (URGINEA MARITIMA) AS CORROSION INHIBITOR FOR CARBON STEEL IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Authors: ESSA Wafa K. , ISSA Najlaa K. , ABDULQADER Walaa H. , M. KAMAL Ibtesam
Published: August 2021

Even though various synthetic compounds have a well action as anticorrosive, they are not cheap and are toxic to both environment and humans. Nevertheless, in C-steel, there is a vital concern, which is serious corrosion issues happen through exposure to environments of aggressive acidity i.e., descaling, oil well solutions of acidity, and pickling. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the inhibition effect of wild onion (WO) extract as an eco-friendly inhibitor on the behavior of corrosion for C-steel in 0.5 M HCl through the conventional weight loss approach. Various concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) of inhibitor in various times of immersion (2, 4, and 8 h) and at different temperatures (25°C, 35°C and 45°C) were investigated for their C-steel corrosion inhibition in corrosive media. In the presence and absence of the inhibitor, the corrosion rate (CR) was investigated as affected by temperature. The concentration of the inhibitor and temperature-controlled the inhibition efficiency %E of the inhibitor. At the existence of wild onion extract, the ideal efficiency of inhibition for C-steel was 98.95%, 88.99%, and 86.79% at 2.5% inhibitor concentrations at the preceding temperatures, respectively. It was noticed that adsorption was spontaneous and physical as proved through adsorption value of free energy ΔG°ads (‒13.5 kJ/mol) and also fitted Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The surface coverage θ and corrosion current density Icorr data confirmed the previous result where inhibition is due to the adsorption of physical nature for the components of the additive on the C-steel surface.
INTEGRATION OF ROBOTICS DESIGN INTO THE LEARNING PROCESS AT SCHOOL
Authors: KOZHAGUL Aidos , BIDAIBEKOV Yessen , BOSTANOV Bektas , PAK Nikolay , KOZHAGULOVA Zhanar
Published: August 2021

The application of teaching methods to the learning process at school is defined by the fact that every teacher or curriculum developer strives to ensure that his or her concepts of teaching and formation of the educational principles are implemented in the educational environment most effectively. Such forms of interaction cause the fact that every teacher strives to integrate the practical elements of the subject area into the learning process both as the exact structures and as the formalized complicated forms of didactics. This study aimed the revealing of this aspect of the pedagogical problem. The analysis of the previous knowledge and abilities shows that teaching the methods for the design of the robotics’ elements to the senior school students has a significant potential for the active form of the subject competencies. The obtained results of the teaching experiment have generally proved the hypothesis of pedagogical research. If to apply a unique system of didactic conditions, forms and development methods of the senior school students’ robotics design skills to robotic design and solution of tasks and practical assignments based on the construction and research of the sequence of sub-models, then it will contribute to the increase in the effectiveness of the robotic design teaching, the formation of the students’ ideas of the model nature of cognition, and the development of their cognitive and creative abilities. The obtained results show that teaching course ‘Robotics Design as a Method for Solution of Application Tasks’ to students contributes to the increase in the level of the senior school students’ robotics design skills by each particular criteria, which proves the pedagogical rationale of introducing the revealed and theoretically substantiated didactic conditions for the development of the senior school students’ robotics design skills.
STUDY OF THE KINETICS OF THERMAL DEGRADATION OF UNSATURATED POLYESTER AND POLYESTER/ SILICA NANOPARTICLES COMPOSITES BY TGA AND DSC ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
Authors: FARHAN Ahmed Jadah
Published: August 2021

Composites are multi-phase materials that have superior engineering properties; the combination of their constituent phases achieves these properties. Nanoparticle-reinforced polymeric composites (NPCs) are new types of composites that have attracted a lot of attention recently and rapidly emerging as a multidisciplinary research activity whose results could widen the applications of polymers to the benefit of many different industries. The aim of research to analyze the effect of adding different percentages (10, 20, and 30%) of silica nanoparticles into unsaturated polyester (UPE) and identification of the thermal stability and decomposition kinetics for them. In this research, the nanocomposites were prepared from unsaturated polyester (UPE) mixed with different percentages (10, 20, and 30%) of silica nanoparticles. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves were obtained from the thermal degradation computed by using the Coats-Redfern. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were studied for all specimens were presented an excellent linear correlation coefficient close to unity using Minitab 16. Experimental work was showed that the degradation of composites obtained from the thermal gravimetric analysis was slower than the pure UPE. The enhancement of thermal stability was attributed to silica content. Also, the result showed that the decomposition under the oxidative environment for the pure UPE was much faster than the inert environment.
KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF TETRAHYDROFURAN OXIDATION BY CHLORAMINET IN ACIDIC MEDIA
Authors: SAEED Noor Hazim Mohammed Thalji , ABBAS Ahmed Majed
Published: August 2021

The kinetics of tetrahydrofuran oxidation by sodium N-chloro-p-toluene sulfonamide in the hydrochloric acid medium was studied in this work at 308 K. The reaction rate shows a first-order dependence on [CAT] and fractional-order dependence each on [THF] and [H+]. The derivative rate law, which suitable for experimental results, is Equation 24. The first-order rate constant has been evaluated from the relationship of the plot of Log [CAT] versus Time. The variation of the ionic strength by the addition of sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) and chloride ion on the medium showed no significant effect on the reaction. The reaction rate raised with decreasing dielectric constant (D), while the addition of p-toluene sulfonamide retards the rate of reaction. The oxidation reaction of tetrahydrofuran have been studied at a different temperature, The equilibrium constants for the formation of hypochlorous acid, protonated hydrochlorous acid and protonated hydrochlorous acid–THF complex and its decomposition constant have been estimated. Also, the rate constant for the slow (rate-determining step) and the activation parameter have been calculated. A suitable mechanism for the oxidation reaction of tetrahydrofuran was proposed based on the experimental finding. The mechanism includes the reaction of active species (H2OCl) of the oxidizing agent with the tetrahydrofuran in a fast step to give the complex(X). This complex will then transformed into complex (X̅ ) in slow step then to γ-butyrolactone in another fast step.
EVALUATION OF TREATMENT OF TEXTILE EFFLUENT BY ELECTROFLOCULATION WITH MONITORING AND AUTOMATIC CONTROL CONSIDERING A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE USE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION
Authors: COMINOTE Marina , SILVA Gabriel Libardi , HERINGER Netalianne Mitchelle Fagundes , GAZEL Faiçal , OLIVEIRA Renato César de Souza
Published: August 2021

Electroflocculation is a technique for liquid effluent treatment that has been widely used due to simplicity in operation and to the possibility of application in different types of effluents. This study aimed to evaluate the electroflocculation treatment efficiency, monitoring and controlling an effluent automatically from the textile industry, also considering a feasibility study to photovoltaic generation application. The electrofloculation tests were performed with raw effluent, in a batch reactor containing aluminum electrodes and glass vat. Sensors and a microcontroller make up the electronic system, which monitors and controls voltage, temperature, and time variables and also processes and sends the data to the computer. The tests consist of applying 1 and 2A current in a 3 liters volume taking aliquots in 5, 10, 15 min. The parameters analyzed were: pH, conductivity, turbidity, Chemical Oxygen Demand, and absorbance sweep in 200 to 800 nm range. The samples presented in the visible region a band with the maximum absorbance at 670nm; thus, it was decided to evaluate the system at this wavelength. The results of the electroflocculation tests showed that the best removal of turbidity, COD, and absorbance at 670nm occurred in the conditions of 2A / 10min, with average efficiency above 70%. A photovoltaic system was projected to meeting the demand for the energy electroflocculation system, whose analysis found that the best strategy is connecting the photovoltaic system to the electric power grid. Through financial simulation, It was identified as a significant energy-saving which offsets costs related to system installation. in conclusion, the system developed is efficient in textile effluent treatment and that the photovoltaic system meets the demand for energy from the electroflocculation system, ensuring project sustainability.
PREPARATION OF A NEW AZO COMPOUND (HAZM) USED FOR ANALYTICAL SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF GLUCOSE IN BLOOD AND SALIVA
Authors: HALBOOS Mohanad Hazim , HUSSEIN Bayan Jabr , SAYHOOD Aayad Ammar
Published: August 2021

Because health resources are limited, low-income conditions demand affordable technological development. The design and analysis is a low-cost colorimetric method for non-invasive diabetic diagnostic monitoring by glucose detection of the saliva and blood discussed, where a new compound (HAZM) was prepared through a reaction 4-aminoantipyrine with 1-phenyl-2-methyl-5-pyrazolon; FTIR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR diagnosed for this synthetic compound. Samples have been processed and analyzed using the production equipment using glucose oxidase (GO) and peroxidase (PO) enzymes reaction with (HAZM); give the method the ability to calculate glucose level in less than 15 seconds accurately. The slope of the calibration curve is equal to 0.0026, ε = 468.26, and Sandel sensitive equals 0.384 mg/dL, to quantify the glucose salivary concentrations and blood (5-500 mg/dL) at 423 nm. Achieve a detection limit of 0.421 mg/dL where 5 % CV to (n = 3). Because HAZM tests performed according to a kit method, which reflects the mean kit values (101.35 ± 3.647 mg/dL) and the results of HAZM (104.41 ± 4.951 mg/dL) with 3.1 mg/dL positive bias in blood. Comparing the mean kit and HAZM glucose levels in saliva, 99.48 ± 1.26, and 100.97 ± 2.38 mg/dL, respectively, shows 1.5 mg/dL positive bias for the kit process. Results from the use of this method for measuring glucose in blood and saliva samples indicate that it is effective, as it offers accurate, and its cheap results compared to other commercial techniques.
ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS BASED ON POLY (L-PHENYL ALANINE) FILM ON MWCNT FOR DETERMINATION OF TPS
Authors: EMAN A. M. Al-Jawadi , MOHAMMED I. Majeed
Published: August 2021

In this study, cyclic voltammetry (CV) is presented with a sensitive electrochemical technique for the assessment of the anti-cancer medicine Toposar (TPS). The electrode was formed on the surface of a modified glassy carbon electrode with MWCNT using a coating of L-phenyl alanine to become the new electrode in a formula (PPA-MWCNT/GCE). PPA was polymerized at pH 8.0, which showed advanced advantages for the study and estimation of TPS electroanalysis treatment. A group of factors on the bare glassy carbon electrode were studied to enhance the electrode 's work to study TPS, including these factors(Influence of pH, calibration curve, the stability of the electrode, scan rate, deposition potential, voltage step, equilibration time, deposition time). As a result of the electrode development, the stability of the prepared electrode was observed with the PPA layer with the Morphology of the layer by the SEM analysis showing the morphology of PPA/GCE and MWCNTs/PPA/GCE by SEM, respectively. The PPA film width on TPS response has higher sensitivity on the surface of MWCNTs/PPA/GCE compared to GCE and increased redox reversibility with 8 cycles number. The CV of 5.0 nM TPS on GCE with scanning rates of between 50 and 400 mV.s?1 This reaction was predicted for an irrevocable electrode mechanism. A comparison was made between the TPS CVs on the MWCNPs, and the PPA modified electrode with the bare GCE at pH 7.0 with a scan rate of 100 mV.s?1, the oxidation current is 11.18 times higher than the comparable one on the bare GCE.
DETERMINATION OF DEFORMATION IN MESH COMPOSITE STRUCTURE UNDER THE ACTION OF COMPRESSIVE LOADS
Authors: OREKHOV Alexander A. , UTKIN Yuri A. , PRONINA Polina F.
Published: August 2021

One of the significant innovative technologies is the creation of large-sized structures that work for a long time in space and meet stringent restrictions on overall mass characteristics. Among these structures, in the first place, is the section of bearing truss (BT). This article presents the results of experimental studies of sectors of load-bearing trusses of mesh design for compression. Recently, composite mesh cylindrical shells are used as spacecraft housings. The mesh shell is a supporting structure to which the instruments and mechanisms of the spacecraft are attached. The truss section is made of cross-linked polymer composite material with carbon fibers. The objective of the tests is to confirm the possibility of creating a lightweight mesh construction using a carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite material. To achieve this goal, the authors were assigned the following tasks: selection of carbon filler of polymer composite materials (PCM); selection of PCM binder; determination of the degree of carbon fiber reinforcement; choice of the number and orientation paths of spiral ribs, number of ring ribs and the sizes of individual ribs. As a result of the research, the calculated indicators for ensuring the bearing capacity and stiffness under the application of axial compressive load were obtained. At the same time, with the determination of bearing capacity, the deformation characteristics of the structure were twice determined in order to confirm their repeatability, as well as linear nature of the dependence of axial and radial deformations as a result of the applied load.
CAPSULE PRODUCTION PATTERN OF UROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION PATIENTS IN KIRKUK HOSPITALS
Authors: UMRAN May Ali Hussien , AL-KHATEEB Sumaya Najim
Published: August 2021

The bacterium Escherichia coli is one of the best free-living organisms studied in depth. It is a surprisingly diverse species, since some strains of E. coli live in the intestine of animals as harmless commensals, while other distinct genotypes, such as an enteropathogenic or enterohemorrhagic E. coli, for example, cause morbidity and death marked as human intestinal pathogens. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a PCR assay for a known and suspected uropathogenic E. coli virulence factor (kpsMT) gene region to determine the distribution of the gene and its role in the development of clinical diseases of the urinary system. A total of 25 urine samples were collected from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) at Azadi and Kirkuk hospitals in the city of Kirkuk, Iraq. Samples of both genders and different ages were collected from patients with suspected urinary tract infection according to the clinical manifestations and symptoms diagnosed by the examining physician. The samples were cultured and positive samples were subjected to the IMViC test to identify E. coli bacteria and subsequently identified using the Vitek 2 compact system. Among 25 samples, 24 (96%) showed positive results for bacterial cultural growth. Of these, 17 (68%) were identified as Escherichia coli. Of the total of 17 isolates, 14 from patients with mild urinary tract infection, and 3 from patients with Urosepsis. The kpsMT gene was present in 14 isolates (82.3%), including 11 (78.5%) isolates from patients with mild urinary tract infection, and 3 (100%) isolates from patients with Urosepsis. It was concluded that Escherichia coli is the most prevalent in urine tract infection samples. Due to the abundance of the kpsMT gene in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), this gene plays an important role in developing UTI if it is not treated correctly and quickly; mild cases of UTI can turn into Urosepsis.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF SPHERICAL INCLUSIONS ON MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: BABAYTSEV Arseniy V. , KYAW Ye Ko , VAKHNEEV Sergey N. , ZIN HEIN Thant
Published: August 2021

The relevance of the article is due to the stable growth of the composite industry. Due to its high physical and mechanical characteristics, composite materials (CM) play a vital role in many areas of technology, such as aerospace, aviation, automotive, engineering and instrumentation, and the medical industry. When creating materials with the required mechanical and thermal characteristics, various additives and fillers are often used that affect the strength and elasticity of the samples obtained. In this paper, we study the influence of spherical inclusions in epoxy on the mechanical properties of the material. A composite structure of ED-20 epoxy with inclusions in the form of spherical particles of PBS-50 glass was considered. The characteristic particle size was about 50 μm. Within the framework of this study, batches of samples with a specific volumetric inclusion content of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% were produced. Each batch consisted of 6 samples of the same type. To check the distribution of particle volume and inclusion studies, the microstructure of the thin section of the sample and separately the powder were studied. Using methods of modeling the process, the samples were tested for 3-point bending. Based on the results of mechanical tests, the elastic module, strength limit, and ultimate strains were obtained. As part of the study of materials, numerical calculations were performed using Digimat software (MSC Software) to model the structure and obtain effective material properties, as well as strength analysis using the finite element method in Ansys Workbench. The calculation was carried out for the volumetric content of inclusions of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% order and in the absence of inclusions. The obtained numerical results were compared with an experimental study. Based on the numerical calculations, the dependence of the percentage of inclusions on the strength limit and elastic module was obtained.
EXPERIMENTAL SUPPORT OF FIELD TRIAL ON THE POLYMER FLOODING TECHNOLOGY SUBSTANTIATION IN THE OIL FIELD OF WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: MOLDABAYEVA Gulnaz , SULEIMENOVA Raikhan , KARIMOVA Akmaral , AKHMETOV Nurken , MARDANOVA Lyailya
Published: August 2021

One of the chemical methods of stimulating the reservoir to increase the efficiency of the oil field development process is polymer flooding. This article conducted a feasibility study of the effectiveness of the application of polymer flooding technology in one field in Western Kazakhstan. This field is characterized by high viscosity of reservoir oil, water cut, and dynamic heterogeneity of the reservoir. World experience in the application of polymer flooding in analogous fields shows high technological efficiency. Presented results of the analysis of the experience of applying technology in analogous fields, physicochemical studies of polymers, filtration studies on bulk models, hydrodynamic modeling of polymer flooding and the expected cost-effectiveness of introducing the technology, as applied to the conditions of the Karazhanbas oil field with high viscosity of reservoir oil. The analysis based on the experience of applying polymer flooding in high-viscosity oil fields, laboratory studies and estimated calculations of the expected production in the sector geological and hydrodynamic model shows a decrease in water cut, an increase in oil production, and an increase in current and final oil recovery.
DETECTING THE ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES, PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS AND BACILLUS CIRCULANS ON INHIBITION OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER GROWTH ISOLATED FROM MOLDY ORANGE FRUITS
Authors: HASSAN Baydaa Abood , LAWI Zahraa Kamil Kadhim , Banoon Shaima Rabeea
Published: August 2021

The improper packaging and storage of oranges (Citrus sinensis) may result in decay it and growth of microorganisms, including Aspergillus spp. these fungi are omnipresent and growing on post-harvest fruits. Certain species of Aspergillus produce toxins that can affect humans and animals health. This study aimed to isolate Aspergillus niger from moldy oranges, test its ability to produce aflatoxin using the Saito and Machida method, and evaluation of their toxicity of some biochemical parameters in white rat males. Moreover, the inhibition efficiency of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus circulans were assessed against A. niger isolates. The outcome of screening all nine isolates by the Saito and Machida method has shown the capability of one isolate to produce aflatoxins in large amounts. The filtrate of this isolate showed an increase in the level of GPT and GOT enzymes (24.2 U/ml and 18.3 U/ml) respectively, compared to the non-producing aflatoxins isolate and the control (16.6 and 12.2 U/ml) and (8.5 and 8.2 U/ml) respectively. Glucose level was increased to (130.2 mg/dl) in the rats treated with the filtrate of aflatoxins producer isolate compared to (95 mg/dl) and (86.4 mg/dl) treated with the filtrate of the non-producer isolate and the control respectively. Additionally, the LDL-cholesterol level was reduced to 120.2 mg/dl, and 101 mg/dl with the filtrate producer and the non-producer aflatoxins isolates respectively compared to 144.3 mg/dl for the control. AgNPs have shown an inhibitory effect against A. niger growth with the largest inhibition zone of 28.38 mm at a concentration of 100μl was recorded. On the other hand, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus circulans have also shown an excellent inhibition rate (100%) at the concentration of 2 g/L of the fungus filtrate. These results exposed that AgNPs are able to inhibit A. niger, and consequently, AgNPs can be used as an antifungal candidate.
PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL AND THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMER COMPOSITES BASED ON RECYCLED POLYPROPYLENE FILLED WITH RICE HUSK
Authors: SADRITDINOV Aynur R. , KHUSNULLIN Aygiz G. , PSYANCHIN Artur A. , ZAKHAROVA Elena M. , ZAKHAROV Vadim P.
Published: August 2021

The relevance of the study is due to the deterioration of the environmental situation in the world associated with an increase of plastic waste, which determines the feasibility of developing methods for their involvement in recycling for the production of plastic products. Thereby, this article is aimed at studying the patterns of changes in the physical and mechanical and thermophysical properties of polymer composites based on recycled polypropylene filled with rice husk in the absence of compatibilizers. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the determination of the modulus of elasticity in flexure, tensile strength at break, strain-to-failure, and bending strain, bending temperature under load and Vicat softening temperature, Charpy V-notch impact energy and Izod impact strength, as well as the thermophysical parameters of polymer composites. The article shows that with an increase in the content of rice husk in a polymer composite based on recycled polypropylene, an increase in the modulus of elasticity in flexure occurs. Filling polypropylene with rice husk slightly reduces the tensile strength and significantly reduces the elasticity of the polymer. Recycled polypropylene has a higher Charpy V-notch impact energy than Izod impact strength. Filling the polymer with rice husk leads to a decrease in impact strength according to both Charpy and Izod, and with a compound content of more than 5 phr, both of these indicators are almost identical. In this case, there is a slight increase in the onset temperature of the composites, which determines their thermal stability during processing. It was revealed that polymer composites containing 2-10 mass parts of rice husk are characterized by an increased degree of crystallinity of the polymer phase. The materials of the article are of practical value for the processing of recycled thermoplastic polymers, as well as the creation of biodegradable polymer composites.
CREATION AND USE OF MICROORGANISM CONSORTIUM IN MEAT PRODUCTION
Authors: GIZATOV Albert , GIZATOVA Natalia , MIRONOVA Irina , GAZEEV Igor , NIGMATYANOV Azat
Published: August 2021

This research purpose is to develop functional products from biomodified low-grade by-products and waste using microorganism consortia. To create conditions for a balanced diet and improve the health of the population, the technique of using biotechnological methods directed at attracting non-traditional resources was proposed. The object of the study was secondary meat by-products and waste from the meat processing industry. The meat products and waste were processed with such lactic-acid bacteria as Lactobacillus bulgaricus , Bifidumbacterinum siccum, and Staphilococcus carnosus. Lactic-acid bacteria were cultured step- by-step in different combinations: Staphilococcus carnosus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus; Bifidumbacterinum siccum and Staphilococcus carnosus; Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Bifidumbacterinum siccum. Changes in the growth activity of selected species of lactic-acid bacteria in various combinations were carried out in various nutrient media. When growing the studied strains in a medium of meat-and-peptone agar, their complete identification was carried out. The final stage was the analysis of the quality of real objects: horse meat, flank, and standard beef muscle tissue. The dynamics of changes in indicators of functional and technological and organoleptic meat properties proved a positive effect from the use of lactic acid bacteria. Developed races have shown the ability to suppress harmful microflora in meat products actively. Moreover, they softened the secondary meat for processing and positively proved to improve the finished product's organoleptic characteristics. Processing of secondary resources of by-products and waste will allow more economical and rational use of the most essential collagen-containing food reserve of meat and meat products. The insufficient coverage of this issue on the use of a combined strain of these species of microorganisms for the biomodification of secondary collagen-containing by-products and waste in the meat industry indicates the relevance of the chosen topic.
A NUMERICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE DEPENDENCE OF THE THERMALLY STRESSED STATE OF A ROD ON AMBIENT TEMPERATURE WITH THE SIMULTANEOUS PRESENCE OF THERMAL PROCESSES
Authors: MYRZASHEVA Aigul N. , KENZHEGULOV Beket , SHAZHEDEKEEVA Nurgul K. , TULEUOVA Raigul U.
Published: August 2021

Existing methods for studying the thermally stressed and deformed state of a rod of the limited length from a special heat-resistant alloy do not take into account the simultaneous presence of thermal processes, such as heat exchange, axial force, thermal insulation, local temperature, operating conditions of the rod and the fullscale dependence of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material of the rod on temperature. To solve such problems, the authors propose a new numerical method for studying the thermomechanical state of a rod of the limited length from the heat-resistant alloy ANV-300. This rod is of a limited length and rigidly clamped at both ends. The lateral surface of sections (0 x L / 3) e (2 L / 3 x L) of the rod is thermally insulated. At the site (L / 3 x 2 L / 3) of the rod, the local temperature is given, which varies in coordinate by a linear law. The studies were carried out at different ambient temperatures. The laws of the distribution field of elastic displacements of the elastic component of deformation are constructed, respectively, according to Hooke's law, the values of the elastic component of stress, taking into account the field dependence between the coefficient of thermal expansion and temperature. As a result of studies, it was found that a change in the temperature of the surrounding cross-sectional area of the left end of the medium has little effect on the thermally stressed state of the considered rod than the effect of the change.