bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pesquisa de clima organizacional como impacto na motivação das gerações X e Y
Authors: Alves Jesimar Da Cruz , Do Val Claudenir Pereira , Feijó Rosimere Lavinas
Published: July 2016

Este estudo teve como objetivo principal demonstrar a maneira pela qual a pesquisa de clima organizacional pode impactar os processos motivacionais das gerações X e Y. Nesse sentido, primou-se por analisar os principais fatores que estas gerações consideram como instrumentos motivacionais, e consequentemente, apontar os mecanismos de implementação de uma pesquisa de clima que apresentasse resultados eficazes. Para tanto, foi utilizada como metodologia uma pesquisa bibliográfica através dos principais autores, e para melhor compreensão, foi realizado também um estudo de campo, de caráter exploratório. Pudemos concluir, ao final do estudo, que as gerações X e Y sofrem impactos motivacionais diferentes, e que a pesquisa de clima é um forte instrumento de percepção dos fatores motivacionais, devendo dessa maneira, ter maior aplicabilidade na gestão das organizações modernas.
Resenha do livro “Pesquisa: princípio científico e educativo”
Authors: Henriques Flávio Medeiros
Published: July 2016

A presente resenha busca analisar a obra “Pesquisa:Princípio científico e educativo” de autoria de Pedro Demo que defende a inclusão da teoria e prática da pesquisa nos processos de formação educativa do indivíduo com o objetivo de ampliar o exercício da cidadania.
Avaliação da Abordagem Fisioterapêutica no Tratamento de Paciente Pediátrico Portador de Mielomeningocele
Authors: Santos Fabiana Azevedo
Published: July 2016

Mielomeningocele é uma anomalia congênita complexa da coluna que causa vários graus de malformação da coluna espinal, ou mielodisplasia. É comumente referida como espinha bífida e é classificada como um defeito do tubo neural. Pacientes com essa desordem apresentam-se com um espectro de imperfeições, mas os déficit funcionais primários são a paralisia da coluna lombar e a perda sensorial, disfunção da bexiga e do intestino, e a disfunção cognitiva. Problemas médico-cirúrgicos e de reabilitação surgem no paciente com mielomeningocele desde o nascimento até a idade adulta. Esse trabalho apresentará a avaliação da terapia física adaptada no tratamento de pacientes pediátricos que possuam mielomelingocele.
Relato de Caso: Síndrome de Encefalopatia Posterior Reversível Causada por Hipertensão Arterial
Authors: Abreu C. C. , Lopes M. D.
Published: July 2016

A Encefalopatia Posterior Reversível é uma entidade clínicoradiológica, tratando-se de evento agudo/subagudo que pode ser desencadeado por diversas etiologias. A encefalopatia hipertensiva, pré-eclampsia e eclampsia, neurotoxidade pela ciclosporina-A, encefalopatia urêmica e púrpura trombocitopênica trombótica são fatores desencadeantes desse evento incomum. Caracteriza-se por cefaléia, rebaixamento do nível de consciência, crises epiléticas, cegueira cortical e retrato radiológico característico. A tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética contribuem de forma importante para o diagnóstico e evidenciam edema da substância branca e cinzenta principalmente nas regiões parieto-occipitais.
Efeitos Adversos Metabólicos dos Glicocorticóides no Tratamento da Artrite Idiopática Juvenil: uma Revisão Sistemática
Authors: Castro Tiago Duarte Magalhães , Obana Flávia Keiko , Martins Maria de Fátima Moreira , Andrade Carlos Augusto Ferreira de
Published: July 2016

A artrite idiopática juvenil é uma doença inflamatória crônica das articulações, com início antes dos 16 anos de idade, após exclusão de outras causas. Glicocorticóides são utilizados para seu tratamento, podendo ocasionar eventos adversos metabólicos. Devido ao fato de existirem publicações inconclusivas sobre o tema, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática. Foram pesquisadas as bases Pubmed, LILACS, Scopus e Web of Science. A seleção de resumos e artigos completos e extração de dados com formulário específico foram realizadas de forma independente por dois pares de revisores. As buscas resultaram em 106 resumos dos quais selecionamos 12. Foram incluídos quatro artigos que avaliaram 470 pacientes. Os principais efeitos foram síndrome de Cushing e catarata. Os resultados demonstram que o tratamento da artrite idiopática juvenil com glicocorticóides causa efeitos adversos que devem ser melhor monitorizados. Há necessidade da realização de mais estudos prospectivos sobre os efeitos dos mesmos no tratamento da artrite idiopática juvenil.
Influência do Clima na Recuperação Embrionária em Éguas da Raça Mangalarga Marchador no Município de Vassouras- RJ
Authors: Nogueira Ian V. Nogueira , Gomes Letícia P. M. , Athayde Felipe P. , Dornelas Geovani N. , Gomes Gustavo M.
Published: July 2016

A influência da temperatura ambiente e da incidência de chuva no dia da coleta de embriões sobre a recuperação embrionária em éguas doadoras de embriões da raça Mangalarga Marchador no município de Vassouras (RJ- Brasil) foi avaliada nesse estudo. De acordo com os dados obtidos pode-se concluir que no município de Vassouras (RJ- Brasil) as éguas têm um melhor aproveitamento reprodutivo no que diz respeito à recuperação embrionária quando são observadas temperaturas inferiores a 25°C . Em relação a incidência de chuvas, pode-se concluir que dias chuvosos tendem a ser benéficos no que diz respeito à recuperação embrionária.
O Papel da Mãe nas Relações Incestogênicas
Authors: Pedra Daniella O. , Baptista Marcella S. P. L. , Baptista Marcella S. P. L. , Risman Arnaldo , Risman Arnaldo
Published: July 2016

O abuso sexual intrafamiliar é tão antigo quanto á própria humanidade, mas apenas há algumas décadas ele vem recebendo uma atenção maior. A sociedade, de certa forma, ainda não acredita que na família, considerada por muitos como um verdadeiro santuário, possa ocorrer esse tipo de violência contra a criança e o adolescente. O propósito do presente trabalho é conceituar o abuso sexual, mostrar as conseqüências psicológicas para as vítimas que sofrem esse tipo de violência, mostrar como é a rede de apoio e proteção as crianças e adolescentes, a importância da prevenção, e principalmente as reações maternas diante da suspeita e constatação do abuso sexual contra seus filhos e de que maneira elas vivenciam esse processo.
A Obesidade e seus Efeitos no Diagnóstico do Câncer de Próstata e Níveis Séricos do Antígeno Prostático Específico (PSA)
Authors: Araujo Tales , Nascimento Tatiana Ribeiro , Júnior Alcendino De Almeida , Côrtes Paula Pitta de Resende
Published: July 2016

Estudos recentes sugerem que a obesidade está correlacionada com menores níveis de PSA, o que talvez influencie na recomendação para a realização da biópsia de próstata, explicando, talvez, o pior prognóstico observado entre os homens obesos. Até a presente data, muitos relatos foram discutidos sobre uma suposta relação inversa entre o PSA e índice de massa corporal (IMC) em pacientes com câncer de próstata, e a maioria dos estudos, por sua vez, mostram que os níveis de PSA são menores em homens obesos. Tais achados nos fazem questionar quanto à empregabilidade dessa relação inversa (PSA/IMC) na prática clínica, assim como os possíveis benefícios desta correlação para os pacientes obesos.
Prevalência microbiana em diversas amostras clínicas obtidas de pacientes do CTI de um hospital militar
Authors: Pereira Cecília Santana Bala , Goulart Maria Eduarda , Tupinambá Gleiser , Moraes Saulo Roni
Published: July 2016

Em razão da importância da evolução da resistência microbiana e da urgência de controlar as infecções hospitalares em áreas de grande risco como os Centros de Terapia Intensiva (CTIs), surgiu o interesse em verificar a prevalência microbiana em diversas culturas de amostras clínicas de pacientes internados no Centro de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital da Força Aérea do Galeão – Rio de Janeiro (HFAG), observando também a suscetibilidade dos micro-organismos frente aos antimicrobianos. Foram processados e analisados os resultados de 292 amostras de materiais diversos (urina, ponta de cateter, aspirado endotraqueal e hemocultura) no Laboratório de Análises Clínicas do HFAG/RJ, no período de janeiro a abril de 2012, procedentes de pacientes do CTI, sendo 75 de urina, 37 de ponta de cateter, 87 de aspirado endotraqueal e 93 de hemocultura. Dessas, 139 (47,60%) foram positivas, sendo: urina (31/75); ponta de cateter (9/37); aspirado endotraqueal (72/87); hemocultura (27/93).
Púrpura trombocitopênica trombótica de etiologia neoplásica num paciente do CTI de um hospital militar
Authors: Rodrigues Roméro Bravo , Oliveira Ione Ayala Gualandi de , Oliveira Camila Erben de , Do Nascimento Romualdo
Published: July 2016

A Púrpura Trombocitopênica Trombótica (PTT) é uma doença rara que se manifesta quando há deficiência na enzima ADAMTS-13, sendo as mulheres acometidas duas vezes mais do que os homens. A Leucemia Mielóide Aguda (LMA) é uma doença que atinge mais freqüentemente adultos do sexo masculino. São um grupo heterogêneo de doenças neoplásicas com grande variabilidade no curso clínico e resposta terapêutica. Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico de uma paciente atendida no Hospital de Força Aérea do Galeão (HFAG) que apresentou Púrpura Trombocitopênica Trombótica (PTT) de etiologia paraneoplásica, determinada após diagnóstico de uma Leucemia Mielóide Aguda (LMA). Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema nos principais bancos de dados disponíveis no País utilizando como descritores: Leucemia Mielóide Aguda e Púrpura Trombocitopênica Trombótica. A falta de informações para adequada estratificação de risco dos pacientes, como citogenética por bandas e pesquisa de mutações moleculares, é a principal causa da falência no tratamento de LMA no Brasil. O investimento na área de diagnóstico e a contínua atualização dos profissionais de saúde são primordiais para a melhora no tratamento de LMA no Brasil.
Diabetes: Avaliação do hábito alimentar de escolares
Authors: Pereira Jordana Silva
Published: July 2016

O Diabetes é uma doença cujos índices têm aumentado nos últimos anos. O Diabetes tem sido tratado como um problema de saúde pública, pois acarreta consequências sociais, psicológicas e de saúde que afetam crianças, adolescentes, adultos e idosos e aumenta a cada ano. Objetivos: é analisar os lanches que os alunos levam, comparando os lanches de duas escolas, uma pública e uma privada, a Escola Municipal Condessa do Rio Novo e Colégio Cenecista Sul Paraibano. Materiais e Métodos: foi desenvolvido um questionário algumas perguntas relacionadas à alimentação escolar, foram entrevistados 40 alunos, sendo 20 de cada escola. . Resultados: Os resultados mostram que os alunos, principalmente da escola privada, têm maus hábitos alimentares, levam uma vida sedentária, muitos alunos estão abaixo do peso ideal e alguns estão obesos e diabéticos, resultados de uma alimentação rica em gorduras, sal e alimentos industrializados. Conclusão: este trabalho mostra a importância da alimentação dos alunos, e as consequências da má alimentação, que pode causar diabetes.
Avaliação do uso de corticoide no tratamento da dengue
Authors: Freitas Júnior Avelino José Da Silva , Maleck Marise
Published: July 2016

A Dengue é uma doença febril causada por quatro sorotipos de um vírus do gênero Flavivirus. Ocorre em praticamente todas as regiões tropicais e subtropicais do planeta, atingindo cerca de 100 milhões de casos todos os anos. Sua apresentação clínica se divide em dengue clássica e dengue hemorrágica, sendo esta uma importante causa de óbitos. O uso de corticóide em seu tratamento é freqüentemente estudado, tendo em vista seu efeito antiinflamatório e imunossupressor, o que agiria exatamente na fisiopatogenia da doença. O presente estudo revisou a literatura acerca dos reais benefícios em incluir essa droga no manejo da fase aguda da dengue. Ao término, concluiu-se a partir da literatura, que não houve melhora significativa quando do uso de corticóides, e que seu uso não deve ser rotineiro.
Postura Scanner - Mapeamento e Interpretação da postura humana
Authors: Moraes João Ricardo R. de , Silva Julio César da , Guingo Bruno Clemente , Corrêa Chessman K. F.
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho tem a finalidade de projetar um software capaz de mapear e interpretar a condição clínica da postura humana por meio de imagens, tendo como foco a identificação de patologias que atuam sobre o formato das curvas fisiológicas da coluna vertebral humana. Além disso, será um banco de informações a ser consultado por médicos e pacientes, através de exames que exerceram interações com o software segundo a sua natureza. Neste estudo, relatase como são definidas a postura humana, a coluna vertebral e as medidas das curvas fisiológicas e apresentam-se as técnicas de processamento de imagens que permitem a obtenção dos dados requeridos para o processo. Finalmente, mostra-se a modelagem e implementação do software, bem como a forma de mapeamento e a interpretação da postura humana.
Caracterização e Beneficiamento Primário de Placas de Circuito Impresso (PCI) de Telefones Celulares
Authors: De Jesus Theo Antonio , Casqueira Rui De Goes
Published: July 2016

Devido ao constante avanço tecnológico, uma grande quantidade de aparelhos é descartada por obsolescência tecnológica ou defeitos. Isto acarreta a contaminação do solo e do lençol freático, além de representar perda econômica pois as PCI (placas de circuito impresso) dos telefones celulares são ricas em metais pesados e alguns metais valiosos. Com o objetivo de conhecer melhor a composição e concentração destas PCI de modo a otimizar os processos de reciclagem, foi realizada a caracterização das PCI através da digestão em água régia e da utilização das técnicas de DRx (difração de raios x) e FRx (espectrometria de fluorescência de raios x). Os resultados proporcionaram conhecimento suficiente a respeito da composição e concentração dos principais metais das PCI. A presença de ouro, prata e cobre chama a atenção para o potencial econômico destes resíduos. Estudos são necessários para desenvolver os processos mais adequados com vistas a concentrar estes metais e viabilizar sua reciclagem.
Amianto: a bioética entre o custo e a toxicidade
Authors: Brum Sileno Corrêa , Almeida Bianca De , Pelosi Edson Da Silva , Pacheco Jonas , Guimarães Maria das Graças Ávila
Published: July 2016

O amianto ou asbesto é resistente a ataques químicos de ácidos e álcalis e bacteriológicos, incapaz de combustão, de alto isolamento térmico e durabilidade, encontrado na crosta terrestre. Parte da Europa proibiu o seu uso. O Brasil está entre os maiores produtores e consumidores mundiais. Para a relação entre o amianto e a saúde humana há relativo consenso sobre a toxicidade do amianto. A contaminação ocorre pela: exposição às fibras de amianto em residências próximas às fábricas, minerações ou áreas contaminadas; a frequência em ambientes de amianto degradados; amianto livre na natureza ou em pontos de depósito ou descarte de produtos; tubulações de cimento-amianto na rede de distribuição ou em caixas-d’água; e, telhados de cimento-amianto. As principais doenças causadas são a asbestose, o mesotelioma maligno de pleura e o câncer pulmonar. Os valores éticos direcionam para o questionamento sobre a divulgação dos riscos do amianto sem alarme da população, possibilidades de substituição, alternativas de baixo custo e o custo/benefício ambiental, social, econômico e da saúde.
Stedelijke omgeving: voor hem en haar
Authors: Van Leeuwen Bas , Rijpers Yvonne
Published: July 2016

'Why men don't listen and women can't read maps.’ ‘Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus.’ Het zijn slechts twee voorbeelden van de talloze boeken over mannen en vrouwen die wereldwijd gretig aftrek vinden. Vaak zien we ze opduiken als cadeau voor een verjaardag of een bruiloft. Boeken met een (pseudo-) populair wetenschappelijk sausje over gender verschillen blijven goed verkopen; blijkbaar blijft het verschil tussen man en vrouw ons intrigeren.
Gender gelijkheid in Latijns-Amerikaanse steden
Authors: Mojica Carolina
Published: July 2016

Gender gelijkheid in stedelijke ontwikkeling gaat over het promoten van steden die zowel mannen als vrouwen in gelijke mate aanspreken. Wat zijn de recente kenmerken en bijdragen op dit gebied in Latijns-Amerikaanse steden?
Homo-ontmoetingsplekken, een omstreden ruimtelijk fenomeen
Authors: Bulkens Maartje
Published: July 2016

Overal in Nederland zijn ze te vinden homo-ontmoetingsplekken. Plekken in de publieke ruimte, zoals parken, recreatiegebieden en parkeerplaatsen, waar mannen samenkomen voor seksuele contacten en activiteiten. Een omstreden ruimtelijk fenomeen waarbij niet zelden de zoektocht naar seksuele contacten conflicteert met de normen en waarden van andere gebruikers van dezelfde plek.
Thuis zonder Heimat: de Roma
Authors: Hemelsoet Elias
Published: July 2016

Recentelijk kregen de Roma in Vlaanderen heel wat media-aandacht. Vooral de aanwezigheid van een groep Roemeense Roma die enkele maanden in een geïmproviseerde sloppenwijk in Gent doorbrachten, gaf aanleiding tot maatschappelijk debat. Eerder dan directe politieke oplossingen te bieden, gaat deze bijdrage op zoek naar wat deze mensen drijft.
Tweede verblijven in Zuid-Afrika
Authors: Hoogendoorn Gijsbert
Published: July 2016

Zelfs in een ontwikkelingsland als Zuid-Afrika drukt de opkomst van tweede verblijven op de beschikbare ruimte. De vraag is welke rol specieke vormen van tijd-ruimtegebruik hierbij spelen.
Nauwkeurige methode voor de aanwasbepaling van het grondvlak met behulp van de Pressler-boor
Authors: Goossens R.
Published: July 2016

A precise method for the determination of the increment of the  basal area using the PressIer bore. Refering to  previous research showing that the basal area of the corsica pine could be  characterized by an ellips, we present in this paper a precise method for the  determination of the increment of the basal area. In this method we determine  the direction of the maximum diameter, we measure this diameter and we take a  core in one of the points of tangency of the caliper with the measured tree.  The determination of the diameter perpendicular to the maximum diameter  finishes the work wich is to be done in the forest. From the classical  measurements effectuated on the core and from the measured diameters we can  then determine the form (V) and the excentricity (e). Substituting these two  parameters in the formula 2 or 2', we can also calculate the error of a  radius measured on the core with respect to the representative radius, This  error with them allow us to correct the measured value of the minimum or the  maximum radius and we will be able to do a precise determination of the  increment.
A quantitative determination of the plastid pigments in higher plants
Authors: Thas J.
Published: July 2016

The  pigments or the plastids belong to two groups: the chlorophylls or green  pigments and the carotenoids or yellow pigments. The chlorophyll group can be  divided in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and protochlorophyll and the  carotenoid group in carotenes (principally β-carotene) and different  xanthophylls. In connection with other research work (light quality and  quantity measurements, photosynthesis, ...) it is important to determine the  chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotene and xanthophyll content.    According to this method the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid  content is determined by a spectrophotometric method after extraction with  acetone. The carotenes, after extraction with petroleumether and acetone and  after separating from other pigments by column chromatography, are determined  from preleminary quantitative spectrophotometric calibrations with synthetic  β-carotene. The difference between the carotenoid content and the β-carotene  content gives the amount of xanthophylls.
Étude du rapport entre l'éclairement relatif sous forêt et l'éclairement lumineux incident en phénophase feuillée
Authors: Vyncke G.
Published: July 2016

The relation between the relative light intensity in a forest  stand and the absolute light intensity above the canopy during the growing  period - In the research center of Virelles (mixed  oak forest) the relation between the relative light intensity and the  absolute incident light intensity was studied.     Only for the light intensity values measured on the real noon, a  mathematical relation was found and this for the growing periods 1965 and  1966. With the decrease of the light intensity in the open, the relative  light intensity increases.     For an identical change of the incident light intensity, the variation of  the relative transmission becomes smaller,   as the crown contact becomes more intense.     The relative light intensity under the canopy, during an ideal day of the  clear weather type, is a function of the sun height and at the same time of  the absolute light intensity in the open.    A measure for the mean relative light intensity of some day can be given by  instantaneous measurements of the relative light intensity, only during the  real noon period.     The found relation may be explained by the fact that direct incident light  is more reflected by the canopy than diffuse light.
Die Bestandesbehandlung zur Wertsteigerung
Authors: Van Miegroet M.
Published: July 2016

The increase of value production by stand treatment - In this paper three major items are under discusion : 1. The  aims and possibilities of stand treatment     2. The measurable effects of treatment     3. A proposal for a modified approach to stand treatment     Stand treatment and silviculture in general must go out from a broadened  conception of « value production », taking into account the necessity to  increase the social function of the forest in Europe.     To increase value production and to reduce production costs, each stand element  and each tree must be given a definite function in the stand as soon as  possible. In order to build up stabilized stand structures, showing a maximal  degree of vitality, positive selection on a phenotypical basis and especially  the formation of environment must start shortly after regeneration or  afforestation. The opinion is stated, that, contrary to the views of  Schädelin, genotypical selection has only a reduced signification and is  better done outside of the forest.     A basis for early and positive stand treatment is to be found in the  results of research on treatment effects by different authors.     There is growing evidence that in untreated stands the most vital, but also  the most valuable trees with the highest potential for growth and value  production tend to concentrate the the upper layer of the forest stand.  Treatment has to reckon with this phenomen by making the early dominant trees  the main object of care and growth regulation.     As a consequence it is proposed to consider only two stages in stand  evolution : young stands and old stands, the differentiation between these  stages taking place the moment the growing stand volume becomes measurable.      Early treatment of the young stands aims at reducing all costs, the control  of competition, the consequent selection of the most promising trees and the  building up of a solid frame for the future stand structure.    In the second stage the main objective of treatment should be the  regulation of growth and the concentration of increment in the better  dominant trees.     At this stage positive selection can be only have a restricted  importance.
Die Waldplegezielsetzung in den waldarmen Industriegebieten der E.W.G.
Authors: Van Miegroet M. , De Schuyter J.
Published: July 2016

Le but du traitement des forets dans les pays industrialises de  la C.E.E. - Des circonstances specifiques dominent  la sylviculture et le traitement des forêts dans les pays industrialisés. Il  s’agit avant tout d’une consummation variable et continuellement en hausse  des produits de la forêt d’un côté et de la baisse des prix pour le bois sur  pied et don’t l’augmentation des frais de production est la cause principale  de l’autre.    Dans cette conjuncture l’entreprise forestière doit se reorganiser sur la  base de petites unites techniques autonomes, don’t l’intégration dans des  unites administratives plus grandes reste possible.    Le choix de la mode de regeneration des peuplements doit être faite en  function des conditions locales ou regionals, surtout en ce qui concerne la  disponibilité de main-d’oevre.    Il n’existe pas d’opposition veritable entre la regeneration naturelle et  la regeneration artificielle et leur emploi simultané n’est pas à rejeter  d’advance. Dans les deux cas les problèmes restent les memes : nécessité de  réduire le nombre de pies dès les premières années, orientation du traitement  vers la selection phénotypique, individualisation du traitement dans tous les  stades et concentration de l’activité dans les jeunes peuplements.    La recherché a pour mission d’établir les bases du traitement et doit  élaborer de methods d’appréciation, qui permettront à la pratique de tenir  compte des aspects physiologiques et bio-chimiques de la croissance et du  développement des peuplements.
La définition du but de la sylviculture
Authors: Van Miegroet M.
Published: July 2016

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Die heutige Position des Waldbaues und seine Aufgaben in W. Europa
Authors: Van Miegroet M. , De Schuyter J.
Published: July 2016

La position de Ia forêt et de Ia sylviculture en Europe  Occidentale - Quoique la pénurie du bois devient  plus importante chaque année, les prix du bois sur pied ne cessent pas de  s'abaisser depuis 1955. L'augmentation des salaires et des charges sociales,  mais aussi le manque d'organisation dans l'entreprise forestiere sont les  causes principales de cette situation paradoxale.     L'equilibre entre consommation et production ne peut plus se réaliser sur  le plan purement national mais doit être établi par une veritable  collaboration internationale. Dans Ies pays industrialises le manque de main  d'oeuvre en foret est la cause d'une profonde révision des idées et d'une  reorganisation poussée de I'activité sylvicole. Celle-ci a pour objectif de  faire la liaison entre la fonction sociale de Ia forêt et la production ligneuse,  qui s'oriente d'ailleurs plutôt vers I'amélioration de la qualité du bois.  Cette réorganisation doit s'accompagner d'une meilleure eommercialisation des  produits, ainsi que d'une vue plus large sur les possibilités de la  production.
Enquête sur l'éclaircie
Authors: Van Miegroet M.
Published: July 2016

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La capacité de récupération de frênes suprimés
Authors: Lust N.
Published: July 2016

The capacity of recuperation of suppressed ashes - In the department of Chimay, Belgium, we have found a natural  regeneration of ash with a mean age of 15 years and, however, a mean height  of only 30 cm.     The capacity of recuperation of this regeneration group has been  researched.     The suppressed regeneration is reacting very strongly during the second  year after the liberation : the annual shoot = 14 cm. Different other facts  prove the high capacity of recuperation of these ashes as well.    These ashes react very good, and even better than nursery plants, when they  are cut back.     The results permit to conclude that with trying the natural regeneration of  ash it isn't necessary at all to reject the preregeneration. A qualitative  valuable preregeneration jus, needs a liberation; on the other side, a  qualitative valueless one can be improved by cut back techniques.
Reboisement naturel d'une terre brûlée
Authors: Lust N.
Published: July 2016

Natural reforestation of a burned area. - Ten years after a big fire in a practically homogeneous  stand of Scots pine in Gersau (Switserland), a research has been made of the  situation on the burned area. The stem number, the structure, the growth and  the quality of the regeneration have been analysed.     The burned area has been reafforestated naturally. Pioneer species,  especially the willow, are dominating. The main tree species Scots pine, is  representing 35 % of the stem number, namely 2.100 plants pro ha.     The regeneration started practically immediately and the regeneration  period was rather short (5 years).    The future treatment must chiefly be directed on the willows and on the  Scots pines. Nearly all willows bigger than 50 cm (main stand and middle  crown layer) must be cut. While treating Scots pine the attention shouldn't  only be put on the good plants of the main stand, but also on the moderate  ones of the main stand and on the good and moderate elements of the middle  crown layer.
La structure et la composition de groupes de régénération de hêtre dans la forêt de Soignes. Comm. N° 1 : Nombre de pieds, le diamètre et la hauteur.
Authors: Van Miegroet M. , Réh J.
Published: July 2016

Structure and composition of beech regeneration groups. Comm.  N° 1 : Number of stems, diameter and height. - For  the analysis and subsequent comparison of natural (RN) and artificial (AR)  regeneration of beech, 2 x 7 plots of 1 are each and 16 tot 25 years old,  were established in the Forêt de Soignes near Brussels.     With an average of 5.000/ha the actual number of stems was much lower in  the AR as in the NR with an average of 19.900/ ha. However AR can be  considered as growing more rapidly if mean diameter and mean height of all  trees are judged acceptable as parameters. Eventual differences of this kind  between AR and NR tend to disappear pretty soon as culmination of growth  takes place in AR-groups before the age of 16 years and is not yet evident in  the older NR-groups of 26 years old.    The differences in rate of growth are rather unsignificant if comparison is  limited to dominant and predominant elements, present in greater numbers in  NR ( 40 - 70 dominant trees, 20-35 of which are predominant ) as in AR ( 109  - 30 dominant trees, B - 12 of which are predominant ). The NR have a bigger  material reserve, their structuration is better, the variation in growth is  greater and, as a consequence, social differentiation takes place very early.  The relationship by number of stems between dominant, codominant and  dominated trees can be represented by 1/1/2 for NR and by 3/2/1 for AR.      The presence of a well-developed under-story, with a positive influence on  the stabilisation of microclimatic conditions in the forest, permits more  freedom of intervention in NR, where early concentration of elite-material in  the upperstory takes place. In AR-groups the possibilities of selection and  intervention are limited as each element has to be maintained as long as  possible.     Stand formation and social differentiation are the result of collective  dynamics of development in NR. These phenomena are stimulated by greater  stand density and early competition is the result of early restrictions of  the individual growing space. As a direct consequence a evolutive, structural  and functional link exists between predominant, codominant and dominated  elements.     In the AR, social differentiation follows a different pattern. It is an  individualisation phenomenon directly produced by individual genetic  differences and by accidental variations in growing conditions within a very  restricted area.
A classification-ordination analysis of a Belgian mixed forest in the transition zone of two phytogeographical districts. II. Spring data
Authors: Van Hecke P. , Impens I. , Van Tilborgh T.
Published: July 2016

From  115 quadrats, laid out in the same way and on the same coordinates as  described in a first paper, cover-abundance and height data were collected in  april 1976 on 58 taxa, belonging to the upper and lower herb layer, on the  moss layer as a whole and on the litter. They were submitted to four  classification methods, namely Unweighted pair-group centroid technique  (UPGC), normal Association analysis (NAA) , agglomerative normal and inverse  Information analysis (NIA and IIA), Minimum variance clustering (MVC), and to  four ordination methods, namely Beals' Polar ordination (POS), Simple  ordination (SO), Optimized polar ordination (OPO) and Position vectors  ordination (PVO).     The only divisive method (NAA) produces more than sufficient results: they  are slightly better with the 1%-stopping rule especially when no species  reduction is involved. NAA and NIA give quite similar results. From the three  agglomerative techniques, the greatest number of vegetation- clusters (7),  recognizable in the field, has been obtained with MVC, the poorest picture  however by UPGC. With regard to the forest-structure, the better results are  with NIA, followed by MVC. Moreover. NIA applied in a quantitative way, is  less appropriate. The outcome of species classification is not  interpretable.    The ordination results obtained by OPO and PVO are better as compared to  those from POB and SO, as well in discovering gradients as clusters, the  gradients particularly reflect changes in cover-abundance and height. In the  ordination of vegetation quadrats, the total of the efficiency ratios  extracted for the first three axes in PVO and GPO are respectively four and  three times higher than with SO. Concerning the structure quadrats, the  percentage extraction values are very high and very alike.    Comparing the spring with the summer forest, UPGC distinguishes more  identifiable vegetation types in the summer data, NAA on the contrary in the  spring data.
Influence of x-rays on the fresh weight and the chlorophyll synthesis of spruce seedlings
Authors: Thas J.
Published: July 2016

Since  a few years, many X-ray techniques have been used for the control of forest  tree seeds. The influence of high quantities of X-rays and the enduring  character of these irradiations have been examined. After an imbibition time  of 24 h selected seeds of Picea abies KARST. (provenance Bodensee) were irradiated during different  periods, corresponding with 0 r, 690 r, 1.380 r, 2.590 r, 3.880 r, 5.175 r  and 10.350 r. Determinations of the fresh weight and the chlorophyll content  in different levels of the primary shoot have been done on nine weeks old  seedlings.        1. Influence of X-rays on the fresh weight    a. An irradiation time of 30 min (2.590 r) has a positive influence on the  fresh weight of each considered primary shoot level.    b. The irradiation effect disappears   as the seedlings grow up and the slightest influence has been observed  in the lowest levels of the primary shoot.    c. The influence of the irradiation is not so strongly marked in the  cotyledons because these needles are already present in the seed at the  moment of the applied irradiations.    2. Influence of X-rays on the chlorophyll synthesis    a. An irradiation time of 30 min (2.950 r) has a negative influence on the  chlorophyll synthesis. This quantity of X-rays probably brakes high energetic  reactions, necessary for the formation of chlorophyll. Irradiation times of 8  min (690 r) and 120 min (10.350 r) have a positive influence.    b. This X-ray effect is lost  as the  needles become older and is replaced by a 'formation' effect. This influence  is nothing else than a chlorophyll synthesis taking place in proportion to  the fresh weight.    c. The cotyledons must be considered separately. They are only liable to  the 'formation' effect because a great part of the precursors, necessary for  the formation of chlorophyll, exists before the X-ray treatment.    The influence of the used irradiations (0 r ~ 10.350 r) is in the beginning  of the development of the seedling very high, but disappears when the plant  grows up. It can be expected that on one year old seedlings the consequences  of a X-ray treatment can hardly be discovered anymore.     On the other hand it must be mentioned that an irradiation time of 120 min  (10.350 r) brings on a reduction of the germination percentage. Probably  10.000 r is the lethal limit dose.
Sustained higher yield of humid tropical forest through silvicultural treatment
Authors: Mallants J.
Published: July 2016

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Hunting and nature conservancy
Authors: Van Den Berge K.
Published: July 2016

For  some time now, hunting has grown to be a highly controversial topic.  Generally, scientific papers on this matter only deal with well determined  scientific-ecological aspects. However, many controversies cannot thoroughly  be understood in ignorance of the specific viewpoints of the parties involved  in the discussion. The present study gives an analysis of this  "non-scientific" side of the problem.     First, some particular ethical-philosophical aspects are taken in  consideration, further the translation of the distinct viewpoints into  practice is being examinated.
Use of contaminated dredged sludge as a substratum for forest growth - case study
Authors: De Vos B.
Published: July 2016

Preliminary  research was done to assess the suitability of dredged sludge as a growing  medium. On an experimental sludge site, consolidated and aged during 3 years,  physical, chemical and biological environmental parameters were analysed.      Cuttings of poplar clones were used to evaluate growing response, in  comparison with identical clones on the nursery site.     This study, conducted in order to attempt the potentiality of  afforestation, affirms its intention. Afforestation seems to be possible. As  a consequence, relatively high amounts of heavy metals will be introduced  into the forest ecosystem.
Indirect gradient analysis of the Mangal formation of Gazi bay (Kenya)
Authors: Beeckman H. , Gallin E. , Coppejans E.
Published: July 2016

(1)  Based on vegetation relevés of sample units along transects perpendicular to  the coastline, the mangal ecosystem of Gazi Bay (Kenya) has been  investigated.     (2) An indirect gradient analysis is performed by the ordination method  Detrended Correspondence Analysis.     (3) The first ordination axis can be interpreted in terms of resistance of  the different species to flooding.     (4) A similar zonation pattern is found as described by WALTER &  STEINER (1936).     (5) Zonation is closely connected with morphological and ecophysiological  features of the mangrove species. Therefore stomatal density has been  measured. Sonneratia has by  far the lowest stomatal density, Lumnitzera the highest.
Caractères morphologique, biometrique et analytiques de fourrés de hêtre dans la forêt de Soignes
Authors: Reh J. , Lust N.
Published: July 2016

Des  mesurages des caractères morphologiques, biométriques et analitiques, ainsi  de processus de croissance ont été exécutés dans deux fourrés de hêtre, issus  d’une régénération naturelle dans la forêt de Soignes.     Le but de la recherche était de caractériser les brins de hêtre en fonction  de leur âge et de l’étage social auquel ils appartiennent.     Les résultats permettent de conclure que les fourrés sont d’une bonne  qualité et qu’ils descendent d’une provenance convenable. Ils permettent aussi  de mettre en graphique les arbres modèles de chaque groupe d’âge et de chaque  classe sociale.
Species-environment relationships in three woodlands using canonical correspondence analysis
Authors: Keymeulen R. , Beeckman H.
Published: July 2016

Relations  between plant communities and environment were investigated in an ecological  study in three woodlands in the south of Flanders, Belgium. The vegetation  was sampled and three environmental variables (light penetration, chemical  composition of the soil and species composition of the tree and shrub layer)  were measured. By application of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA),  relations between the vegetation and the environmental variables could be  evaluated. The percentage of Fagus sylvatica in the basal area seemed to be the most decisive environmental  variable determining the presence of plant communities. It could be derived  as well that CCA can be a very useful technique for the determination of the  indicator values of the species for their environment.
Dynamics in maturing Scots pine monoculture in north-east Belgium
Authors: Maddelein D. , Lust N. , Meyen S. , Muys B.
Published: July 2016

The  State Forest Pijnven, created early this century by afforestation with Scots  pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) of  heathland areas is now characterised in most stands by an important ingrowth  of deciduous tree species. Ingrowth is dominated by red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), both  species originating from North America.  Deciduous ingrowth in the pine stands profoundly influences herbal  composition of the stand. Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin., abundant in all older pine stands, disappears when  deciduous trees settle and species diversity, already low in the pine stands,  further diminishes. Important oak and cherry regeneration is depending on the  presence of seed trees in the vicinity; when lacking, a new pine generation  manages to settle. A good red oak regeneration can be useful as a basis for  stand conversion towards a mixed, uneven-aged deciduous forest type, but in  many cases this possibility is hampered by massive invasion of black cherry,  preventing all other species to regenerate.
Les atouts écologiques du bois comme materiau de construction
Authors: Stevens M.
Published: July 2016

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The nature of forest degradation
Authors: Van Miegroet M.
Published: July 2016

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Conflicts caused by afforestations of agricultural land in densely populated areas
Authors: Lust N. , Muys B.
Published: July 2016

In  densely populated areas, such as Flanders, serious conflicts arise due to the  afforestation of agricultural lands. Roughly speaking, three sectors are  involved: agriculture, forestry and nature conservation. These groups do not  always share the same points of view. But even within the different sectors  there are several subgroups with their own interests and approaches.  Generally speaking, agriculture is strongly opposed, forestry has a  relatively diversified meaning, whereas nature conservation is either opposed  or in favour, depending on the region's biological value.     The policy in this matter is not forest friendly. Legislation strongly  hampers the afforestation of agricultural lands. Moreover the subject leads  to a series of ecological problems, which have not really been considered up  to now.
Dendrological composition and forest structure in Nam Bai Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam
Authors: Vandekerkhove K. , De Wulf R. , Chinh N. N.
Published: July 2016

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Regeneration patterns and problems in mixed forests
Authors: Lust N.
Published: July 2016

Knowledge  on natural regeneration in mixed stands is scarce. In natural forests all  kind of interactions lead to an excellent natural regeneration. Two  regeneration strategies appear: gap succession and advance growth succession.      Four critical factors can be distinguished in the process of natural forest  regeneration stand condition, weather situation, soil condition and biotic  factors.     Forestry can significantly contribute to a successful natural regeneration  by creating suitable ecological conditions. Crown density should be reduced  to 60 % and secondary thinnings may only be executed after the establishment  and consolidation of the seedlings. Soil preparation should be done to avoid  soil compaction and raw humus formation as well as improve chemical and  physical soil conditions. At present fencing is practically unavoidable.
Site classification in a mixed hardwood forest (Hallerbos, Belgium) with a homogeneous ground vegetation dominated by Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) Chouard ex. Rothm.
Authors: Maddelein D. , Muys B. , Neirynck J. , Sioen G.
Published: July 2016

The  forest of Halle (560 ha), situated 20 km south of Brussels is covered by a  beech (Fagus sylvatica)  forest, locally mixed with secundary species (Tilia,  Fraxinus, Acer, Quercus,... ). In almost all  stands, herbal vegetation is dominated by bluebell (Hyacinthoides  non-scripta).     The research intended to classify 36 plots of different tree species  composition according to their site quality. Three classification methods  were compared: the first one based on the indicator value of the understorey  vegetation, a second one on the humus morphology and a last one on some  quantitative soil characteristics. According to the plant sociological site  classification, the plots have the same site quality. However, humus forms  differ apparently and significant differences were found in pH value and base  cation saturation of the soil, abundance and biomass of earthworms and  biomass of the ectorganic horizon. Tree species proved to be the main cause  of these differences.     The results illustrate that the herbal vegetation is not always a reliable  indicator of site quality. In the case of a homogeneous vegetation dominated  by one or more indifferent species, classification on humus morphology or  soil analysis are more appropriate. In the forest of Halle, the tree species  is probably the main cause of the observed differences in site quality.
A scientific approach for the application of criteria for setting up multiannual programmes and zonal afforestation plans in the framework of the council regulation No. 2080/92
Authors: Lust N.
Published: July 2016

A  successful and justified multiannual afforestation programme requires a good  insight into the objectives and awareness of the constraints of the new  forests, a planning strategy and a thorough research on the missing aspects.      Socio-economic constraints mainly relate to social aspects of the farmers  involved, who must be assured of a viable income.     Therefore the new forest types and silvicultural systems should produce a  reasonable return, without neglecting however the global multiple use  objective.     Planning has to deal with specific goals, the area of new forests, the  location and size, accompanying measures and a time scale.
The stand concept in today's forest resource management
Authors: Coppin P. , Lust N.
Published: July 2016

The  stand as the inescapable management unit is commonly defined for certain  characteristics such as cover type, ecological site type (or its components),  and proposed use. Examples thereof are given in this paper. Confusion arises,  however, when people use one characteristic, and then they themselves or  others assume that different or additional characteristics apply. This also  happens when the same land parcel is part of several stands because divergent  criteria are used, for example in a tropical environment, logging suitability  versus species composition. The stand must therefore be viewed as dynamic,  whereby change may occur in the temporal as well as in the spatial domain,  incorporating new, or integrating a series of previously competing management  objectives. Better resource management will also result when stands are  delineated according to inherent physical properties, intrinsic biological  potential, and current vegetation status (species, age, etc.). Some  difficulties preventing this at present are described.
From Stockholm to Rio de Janeiro: a review of global forest policy on combating deforestation and enhancing reforestation
Authors: Pratiwi - , Lust N.
Published: July 2016

This  paper gives an overview of the awareness and global policies on deforestation  and reforestation, with attention to biodiversity and sustainable forest  management. As forests have important functions for the human environment,  forest disturbance directly impacts the human and environmental conditions.  Awareness of these conditions result in many initiatives and programmes  dealing with combating deforestation and enhancing reforestation.     These programmes have been highlighted by international organizations and  institutions a longtime before the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro 1992.  Implementation of these global programmes need multilateral cooperation  between international institutions on the one hand and between national  governments, NGO's, local people, and forestry sector on the other hand.      Preparations of the implementation of those programmes have been started  both at international and national levels.
Description anatomique du bois de Protea madiensis Oliv.
Authors: Doutrelepont H. , Vrydaghs L. , De Pauw H. , Beeckman H.
Published: July 2016

The  article describes the anatomical structure of the wood of Protea  madiensis Oliv., belonging to the Proteaceae  family which mainly occupies the African and Australian part of the southern  hemisphere. Specifically, its wide rays are well preserved in archeological  and prehistorical charcoal samples. In addition, it is a strong ecological  indicator for a savanna environment. Together, these two facts make this  species a significant contributor to paleoenvironmental studies.