bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of Naval Gun Loading Device Based on Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller
Authors: Wu Zimeng , Xun Panpan , Su Han
Published: April 2021

A fuzzy sliding mode controller was designed to solve uncertainty problems such as nonlinear sea wave disturbance and parameter time variant in the working process of a naval gun loading device. On the basis of building a system dynamics model for this device, the universal approximation property of the fuzzy system was used to realize the adaptive approximation of control parameters, and the Lyapunov analytical method was used to export the fuzzy adaptive laws to prove the stability of this method. Simulation results show that the comprehensive control performance of this control strategy is superior to the control effect of PID method. Specifically, it is able to remain the system with a stability performance under sea wave disturbance and parameter variant, and provides strong capabilities of resisting disturbance and tracking positions.
Application Analysis of E-Commerce Web Design based on Cinema 4D Technology
Authors: Zhang Ziyan , Yang Zhe
Published: April 2021

Due to the limitations of software technology, traditional web design cannot fully realize the construction of three-dimensional graphics of complex real scenes, and cannot meet the needs of users’ visual reality experience. In order to further improve the design efficiency, present the real space scene design, and shorten the distance between the design and the user, it is proposed to build a three-dimensional model based on Cinema4d software, and use the material that comes with C4D to give the model texture maps, rendering from the perspective of light color and light type light. Then it integrates the advantages of Photoshop’s color and synthesis technology, design Taobao shop display effect, and study its application effect through actual case design. Example design effect shows that the layout of the scene in the design renderings is reasonable, the visualization effect is excellent; the lighting is realistic, the light and shadow change significantly, and the details are handled well.
Research on Auto-focusing Method Based on Pulse Coupled Neural Network
Authors: Chen Taoyu , Wang Huawei , Cao Jianzhong
Published: April 2021

The key to automatic focusing method based on image processing is to construct a fast and accurate focus quality evaluation function. The method in this article introduces Pulse Coupled Neural Network processing. Using the characteristics of the network, through the enhanced image, the grayscale sum can be conveniently used to characterize clarity, thereby simplifying calculations and enhancing the real-time performance of focus control.
Monocular gray code 3D shape measurement based on improved Siamese Network
Authors: Li Yangming , Piao Yan , Liu Yuheng
Published: April 2021

As 3D information is widely used in more and more industries, simplification of 3D measurement operations and higher accuracy of measurement results are important development directions in the future. Compared with the binocular measurement system, simple equipment and convenient operation are the advantages of the monocular measurement; the disadvantage is that the measurement accuracy is low and it is greatly affected by the environment. This paper proposes a method that combines deep learning with traditional monocular Gray code 3D shape measurement technology. The space transformation network is used to improve the Siamese Network, and the single-view photos are taken through spatial transformation to obtain dual-view photos, and then matched through the Siamese Network. The purpose is to use monocular measurement equipment and methods to obtain the effect of binocular measurement. The deep learning network in this article has been pre-trained with a self-made data set before use. Compared with the original method, this method has higher accuracy in plane measurement, and has a significant improvement in depth measurement, successfully reducing the depth measurement error to less than 0.1mm.
Analysis of financial product purchases based on logistic regression
Authors: Wang Yuzhen , Qin Jingqiao
Published: April 2021

In order to analyse the different characteristics of different users in the purchase of financial products and improve the accuracy of the identification of potential customers, this paper uses the logistic regression method to mine the data of customer historical transaction based on comparing the performance indexes of various classification methods. By analyzing the internal relationship between product consultants’ communication with customers, personal loans and deposits, and the number of on-site exchanges, we can find potential customers and make accurate predictions on customer purchasing behaviors to help wealth management companies better tap new customers.
Literature Review on Block Chain: Technology, Principle and Development
Authors: He Wang , Zheng Hu
Published: April 2021

The block chain technology enjoys a promising development prospect. As one of the most popular technologies, block chain has been heatedly studied and researched by people from all walks of life. Based on an introduction to the technical background and basic concepts of block chain, by analyzing the technical architecture and working principle of block chain, this paper systematically explains the key technologies of block chain, namely decentralization, proof of work (POW), smart contract and Ethereum, and further discusses the development of the block chain technology, 5G, the Internet of Things and the future wireless network.
Research on Human Action Recognition in Dance Video Images
Authors: He Hua
Published: April 2021

This article mainly researches the recognition technology of dance video in human movement. Image preprocessing, codebook establishment, Zernike moments and support vector machines are used to classify and recognize human movements in dance videos. From the results of simulation experiments, using the recognition method proposed in this paper to recognize dance movements in dance videos in the database can effectively improve the recognition rate of human movements, and then better guide dancers’ dance movements.
Research and Optimization of Nonlinear Damping Vibration Isolator based on Parallelogram Linkage
Authors: Luo Junwen , Zhang Jianrun
Published: April 2021

A method is proposed to analyse and optimize the performance of nonlinear damping vibration isolator based on parallelogram linkage. Establish the vibration differential equation of the system, and perform Taylor expansion of the nonlinear damping coefficient, and then obtain the steady-state response of the system under harmonic excitation through methods such as perturbation method and averaging method. The displacement transfer rate curve of the steady-state response has a high degree of fitting with the curve obtained by the multi-body dynamics software, which proves the accuracy of the method. Taking the resonant peak of the steady-state response as the optimization target, and taking the high-frequency transmission rate as the constraint condition, design and optimize the rod length and damping coefficient of the mechanism. Comparing with traditional damping, the optimized nonlinear damping has a more obvious suppression effect on the resonance peak when both transmission rates of steady-state response are close at high frequencies. The analysis method in this paper is convenient to parameterize and has good programmability, which means that it provides a simple and effective new method for the parameterization and optimization design of the nonlinear damping vibration isolator based on parallelogram linkage.
Research on Structure Design of The Dual Steel Disc in Brake Based on Rigid-Flexible Coupling Simulation Analysis
Authors: Li Changyuan , Zhang Jianrun
Published: April 2021

A research method is proposed to improve the structure of the dual steel disc in wet multi-disc brake based on virtual prototype simulation analysis. The finite element flexible body model of the dual steel disc was established by CAE software, and the accuracy of the flexible body model was verified by the method of identifying natural frequency by near-field acoustic radiation. Based on the dependable finite element flexible body model, the rigid-flexible coupling virtual prototype model of the wet multi-disc brake was established, and the dynamic simulation analysis of brake during the braking period was processed. According to the results of brake dynamics simulation, the time-frequency characteristics of friction pair contact force and the change characteristics of piston spring force during the braking process are analysed. Based on credible dynamic simulation analysis, the mises stress distribution and deformation changes of the steel disc at critical moments are acquired. Depending on the virtual prototype analysis results, it is powerful to guide the structural design and improvement of the dual disc, and some phenomena and problems which are difficult to find through actual measurement can be researched effectively.
Active Control of the Space-borne Antenna Reflector Considering Thermal Load
Authors: Huang Rui , Sun Beibei
Published: April 2021

In order to improve the shape accuracy of the space-borne antenna reflector under the interference of uncertain load, the active control method of the reflector shape was studied. First, a finite element model of the thermal and mechanical coupling of the space-borne antenna reflector was established. Taking the uncertain load into account, the radial basis function (RBF) neural network was used to estimate the error, and the adaptive controller was designed according to the estimation error. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the stability of the controller was analyzed. Finally, the adaptive control of the space-borne antenna reflector was simulated numerically. The simulation results show that the method of RBF neural network adaptive control is effective by reducing the shape error of the reflector in a short time when considering the uncertain load.
Thermomechanical Coupling Simulation and Analysis of Wet Multi-Disc Brakes During Emergency Braking
Authors: Wang Ziyun , Zhang Jianrun
Published: April 2021

The main reason for the thermal failure of wet multi-disc brakes during emergency braking is thermoelastic instability due to thermomechanical coupling. To analyse the phenomena, a three-dimensional finite element model of a wet multi-disc brake friction pair is built and numerical simulation is carried out with thermal-structural coupling method, based on ANSYS software. The contact pressure distribution, temperature and stress field during emergency braking are obtained. The results show that high temperature is located at the outer diameter of friction linings during emergency braking, large temperature gradient and stress gradient are generated at edges of radial grooves, which lead to the friction disc warp. Through simulation and analysis, this paper can provide a basis for engineering application and design research of wet multi-disc brakes.
The Use of Digital Advancement Technology in Protecting the Longmen Grottoes Art
Authors: Li Xiaoshu , Mohd Yusof Mohd Johari , Hiong Ser Wue , Perumal Velu
Published: April 2021

Longmen Grottoes, one of the four major grottoes in China, has been listed on the “World Heritage List” and its excavated time was as long as four hundred years ago, which had gone through six different dynasties. Due to the different excavated times, this Buddha statue in each hole or niche has its unique features in clothing, face, body shape and other aspects. Due to climatic changes of wind, rain, frost, and snow, many of these Buddha statues have lost their original appearance. Hence, this study aims to use modern digital restoration technology to restore these grottoes in order enabling many people to appreciate these type of arts through the internet. This method will not only reduce the secondary destruction, but also may allow people to understand and appreciate better the grotto art through the internet. Furthermore, through this restoration, the complete history from a broken Buddha statue can be learned, and even more the culture of ancient China can be explored. The digital restoration of these grotto Buddha statues mainly adopts the modern technological means and detailed research materials of digital virtual restoration, the solemn dharma images that the real thing cannot be traced back are reproduced by virtual technology. The digital simulation is carried out by analyzing the apparel, face, and figure of the Buddha statues in the representative niches of different dynasties. The digital technology for restoring the Buddha statues not only avoids destruction of the Buddhas but also can be seen as efforts in restoring and protecting the grotto art.
Research on Symbol Color of Automotive Augmented Reality Head-up Display
Authors: Zhou Xingjian , Yin Guodong
Published: April 2021

Complex environmental information and lighting conditions will affect the usability of automotive augmented reality display in the outdoor environment. In this way, users’ recognition and semantic understanding of AR-HUD information may be affected. The driver’s cognitive performance directly affects the driving safety and driving experience, so the color-coding of AR-HUD is very important for the driver to identify information easily, quickly, and accurately. Taken the automotive AR-HUD display as the object, this paper compared the visibility and significance of foreground object colors in different backgrounds in the way of combining both subjective and objective experiment methods. The experimental results show that the color of white, cyan, and green are recommended to be used in automotive AR-HUD display, which has a positive influence to improving the automobile AR-HUD color design.
A Study on the SW Coding Education Method Using Arduino in the Age of Internet of Things
Authors: Chun Hyunjin
Published: April 2021

With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, education suitable for future society is important. In general, the talent required in the future society is a person with problem-solving skills and creativity. In developed countries like the United States, various educational methods are studied to improve these abilities. A typical education is computer software education. In particular, with the development of the Internet of Things, computer coding education using hardware is becoming more and more important. So this paper tries to study the SW coding education method using Arduino, the representative educational hardware. The results of the study are as follows. SW coding education should develop into a problem-solving curriculum. In particular, a curriculum should be developed to solve problems that can be found in our real lives. The results of this study can be basic data for computer software education related to the Internet of Things.
Development of banana in vitro from male bud culture supplemented with some concentration of sucrose and benzyladenine
Authors: Nandariyah  , Endang Y , Yunian T A
Published: April 2021

Conventional techniques of propagating banana plants with corms require a relatively long time (10-18 months) and the amount produced is limited due to deforestation and industrialization. So production and supply of quality products are becoming a great challenge. In addition, there is a need to develop climate-resilient crop to face the consequences of global warming in the near future. Plant tissue culture is a proven technique for producing banana seeds in large quantities, uniformly and in a short time to support good quality banana seeds. The banana flower meristem can be a potential explant. The banana flower meristem offers the opportunity to regenerate plants with agronomic characteristics and results that can be controlled. This study aimed to regenerate banana flowers in vitro with different sucrose and BA (Benzyladenine) concentrations. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), two factorials sucrose concentration with 4 levels (20 g/L, 25 g/L, 30 g/L, and 35 g/L) and BA concentration with 4 levels (2 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm and 8 ppm). The results showed that the combination of BA and sucrose concentration had not directly induced organogenesis in banana flower explants. Growth and development of banana flower explants maximally form Cauliflower-Like Bodies.
Potentials use of leachate for turfgrass irrigation on soil coverage landfill Suwung Bali
Authors: Rahayu
Published: April 2021

Climate change affect water quality and impact water resources and water supply thus using leachate for grass irrigation is hard choice. Suwung landfill is the largest landfill in Bali and was planted with turfrass and arranged as a park. This study aims to determine the potential use of leachate water for irrigation of turfgrass and determine the type of grass that is survive and suitable for landfills cover and irrigated with leachate water. The study was survey of field and observation by purposive sampling to observe the growth of grass and followed by analysis of the characteristics of leachate water and well water and soil. Results showed that using non potable water landfill leachate for irrigation of turfgrass during one year showed local seashore paspalum grew well, local Bermuda and Zoysia matrella showed relatively less growth inhibition than the Bermuda hybrid and Axonopus compressus. Grass growth on top hills is more survival than in slope and foot hill areas.
Characterization on the hybrid of Dendrobium bigibbum from Maluku and Dendrobium lineale from Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Hartati S , Muliawati E S , Syarifah A N F
Published: April 2021

Climate change can potentially lead to reducing biodiversity, including orchids. One of the efforts to increase the biodiversity of orchids is through the crossing. This study aimed to determine the morphological characters of plants resulting from interspecific crosses between Dendrobium bigibbum from Maluku and Dendrobium liniale from Papua, also to compare them with the characters of their parents. In this study, morphological characterization was carried out on 14 accessions, 3 male parent accessions, 3 female parent accessions and 8 F1 offspring accessions. Characterization was carried out based on 30 characters, including stem, leaf, flower, pseudobulb, and root types. The research was conducted in two places, the identification of the parents was carried out at Indonesia Research Institute Botanical Garden Conservation Center in Bogor, Indonesia, while the identification of hybrids was carried out in Karangploso Village, Karanganyar Regency. Cluster analysis was performed using NTSYSpc version 2.02i program with the UPGMA SimQual function method. The results showed differences in leaf and flower morphology between accessions that were observed including size, shape, pattern, and color of the petals and sepals, but the shape and size of the pseudobulbs, color, size and shape. However, leaves tend to resemble one another.
Evaluation of in vitro activity of Ganoderma-antagonistic bacteria from peatland under acidic condition
Authors: Supriyanto  , Purwanto  , Poromarto S H , Supyani
Published: April 2021

As of 2017, 2.05 ha of Indonesia’s total oil palm area has been identified as peatlands. A large-scale peatland has caused oil palm commodities to be a global concern because they are thought to have contributed to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions that have triggered climate change. This research is an effort to resolve the main problems in the cultivation of oil palm on peatlands in a more environmentally friendly way. The main obstacle to oil palm cultivation on peatlands is Ganoderma fungi attacks that cause basal stem rot (BSR) disease, where the attack is higher than in mineral soils. Biological control is a prospective alternative way to control BSR disease. However, its development in peatlands is hampered by extremely low peat pH. The possible approach is to utilize appropriate biological control agents for peatlands. This study aimed to examine antagonistic bacteria’s from peatlands to control Ganoderma under low pH conditions in vitro. The bacterial isolates from peatlands were tested for antagonism against Ganoderma and tested for their growth ability in 2-7 pH situations. The results showed that from the West Kalimantan peatlands, Ganoderma-antagonistic bacteria grew at pH 2-4, even though the growth rate had decreased significantly. The isolates were E4B6, E2B12, E2B13, B3B11, and E2B3. These results indicate that these bacteria can be used in controlling oil palm BSR disease caused by Ganoderma in peatlands.
The effect of Andong (Cordyline terminalis) leave, one of the traditional plants in Bali as antioxidant and antibacterial
Authors: Bogoriani N W , Putra A A B , Wahjuni S , Heltyani W E , Dewi N P P M S , Sadin V Y K
Published: April 2021

Climate change can have a direct effect (e.g. changes in air temperature, increased ultraviolet radiation, and pollution) and indirect effect (such as increased incidence infectious diseases). Infectious diseases are the main cause of high human mortality, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. Andong plant (Cordyline terminalis) is one of Bali’s local plants, which is widely used as a drug for infections due to microbes resulting from climate change. This study aimed to observe the effect of Andong leaf extract as an antioxidant and antibacterial and to identify the compounds. This research design was carried out with sample preparation including cleaning, cutting, drying, grinding and sifting to powder. Extraction was done by maceration method. Phytochemical tests were then performed with color reagents. Antioxidant test was carried out using diphenyl picryl hydrazil hydrate (DPPH) method and antibacterial activity was determined by well diffusion method. Measurement of antioxidant compounds’ levels was determined spectrophotometrically and analysis of antioxidant compounds was carried out by the LC-MS/MS method. The result showed that the Andong leaf extract contained saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, phytosterols, amino acids and alkaloids. In the testing of antioxidant compounds, Andong leaf extract contained tannins was 3324.550±0.821 mg/100 g TAE, phenol was 1398.905±0.812 mg/100 g GAE and flavonoids was 1373.065±1.288 mg/100 g QE. Andong leaf extract reduced free radicals from DPPH with IC50 88.26±0.015 ppm and inhibited the three bacterial test results with significant differences compared to controls (p <0.05).
Morphological characterization of Calophyllum Inophyllum as a biodiesel
Authors: Yuniastuti E , Anjani I , Nandariyah  , Delfianti M N I
Published: April 2021

Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.) is one of the most potential forest plant species to be flourished. C. inophyllum seed can be deformed into oil as biofuel. Biofuel is very important to mitigate climate change impact as it reduces greenhouse gas emission from transportation sector. Mostly C. inophyllum grows along the coastline, especially in Ngombol and Grabag, Purworejo. There are a lot of C. inophyllum plant populations at these sites, but its varieties are not studied yet, therefore it is necessary to study the characterization of its morphology. This study aimed to obtain morphological character data and analyze C. inophyllum plants’ diversity in Purworejo. Samples were selected intentionally (purposive sampling). Thus morphological data elaborated descriptively and the cluster was analyzed by NTSYS (Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System) program. The study showed the diversity and also the similarity of morphological characters. C. inophyllum fruit and seed’s morphological character had its fruit length 2.1 – 3.1 cm, fruit diameter 1.93 – 1.95 cm, fruit weight 3.04 – 12.82 g, fruit shape is spherical/round, and fruit hardness 92.5 – 99.57 N. Moreover, it had seed length 1.16 – 2.22 cm, seed width 1.16 – 1.79 cm, seed weight 0.74 – 3.06 g, seed shape were spheroid, ellipsoid, reniform and the color was yellow. The morphological characters’ variance was 26%, which was categorized as low and Grabag district had more potential for growing and production than Ngombol regency.
Effects of organic fertilizer and water stress on Valerian biomass (Valeriana javanica (BL.) DC.) for domestication
Authors: Pujiasmanto B , Yunindanova M B , Supriyono  , Triharyanto E
Published: April 2021

Valerian (Valeriana javanica BL.) DC.) has the potential to be developed as a medicinal plant. However, this plant is still collected from nature, so this will threaten Valerian germplasm, varying quality and uncertain crop yields. Moreover, the impact of climate change, such as drought and lack of nutrients in the soil, could threaten Valerian’s presence. This research aimed to investigate the tolerance level of Valerian on several water stress levels and influence of organic fertilizer on the plant biomass. This experiment utilized completely randomized design with 2 factors and three repetitions. The first factor was organic fertilizer consisting of no fertilizer (control), cow manure, and goat manure. The second factor was water stress consisting of 100% field capacity, 80% field capacity, 60% field capacity and 40% field capacity. The result depicted that 40% field capacity produced the lowest biomass compared to 60 %, 80 % and 100 % field capacity. In addition, goat manure resulted in higher biomass than cow manure.
Conservation of Diospyros spp. in Purwodadi Botanic Garden, Indonesia with an outlook on carbon storage
Authors: Rindyastuti R
Published: April 2021

Plant conservation was widely implemented to mitigate the global risk of high gas emissions with an important carbon capture ability in this industrial era. Therefore, recognizing and understanding plant species richness could contribute to various environmental problems in the future. Since 1955, Purwodadi Botanic Garden-LIPI (PBG), Indonesia, has been collecting Diospyros spp. (Ebenaceae). The purpose of this study were 1) to record the Diospyros spp. collection including endemic species and determine the taxonomical status of unidentified plants, and 2) discuss the carbon storage of Diospyros species. The study was conducted from May 2016 to February 2020. The method used in this study was morphological characterization to record plant collection, taxonomical literatures and herbarium specimens. Biomass was measured using non-destructive method. Plant reidentification resulted in 28 species with 6 new identified plant species i.e. D. pilosanthera var. Polyalthioides, D. perfida, D. diepenhorstii,
D. amboinensis,
D greshoffiana and D. pilosanthera. Only 0.07 % of the total recorded endemic and threatened species in Indonesia are collected in PBG. Diospyros species showed high biomass and could be promoted in revegetation programs based on carbon storage potentials. Conserving Diospyros is important for climate change mitigation success by implementing plant diversity for carbon capture.
Analysis of key locations as indicators for extreme climate impacts in supporting climate change adaptation in Indonesia
Authors: Estiningtyas W , Syahbuddin H , Harmanto  , Pramudia A , Dermoredjo S K
Published: April 2021

Indonesia has a large tropical archipelago with a complex and dynamic climate. Climate change has a significant impact especially in the agriculture sector where the magnitude of such impact varies from one location to another. Information about the magnitude of the impact and its monitoring in each location is still limited. The research objective was to determine the key locations for Indonesia’s climate variability based on SST Niño 3.4 index in El-Niño and La-Niña conditions. More than 4000 rain-stations data were used in this analysis. Key locations were determined based on a strong and significant correlation between rainfall and SST Niño 3.4 index under El-Niño and La-Niña conditions with a lag of 1 to 4 months. Based on the analysis results, 6 rain stations could be used as key locations on El-Niño and 5 rain stations on La-Nina condition. Key locations can be used as priority locations for impact analysis and monitoring of the impact of extreme climate, especially in the agricultural sector.
Geographical and seasonal characteristics of APHRODITE and GSMaP in Lao P.D.R
Authors: Kawai H , Zaki M K , Noda K
Published: April 2021

Water-related hazards account for 90 percent of all-natural hazards, and their frequency is generally rising, in association with climate change. To combat climate change, real-time and gridded precipitation data is important, especially where no ground observation is operated. Hence, this study aimed to assess the performances of different gridded precipitation datasets, APHRODITE and GSMaP in geographical and climate terms, in Lao P.D.R. For the elevation factor, precipitation at the time of conversion from over to underestimation of GSMaP was found to be dependent on elevation, as the conversions occur with lower precipitation in higher elevation classes. About the climate factor, we also found that the conversion happened at smallest precipitation in the end of rainy season, then beginning of rainy season and then middle of the rainy season.
Long-term trends of diurnal rainfall and hydro-meteorological disaster in the new capital city of Indonesia
Authors: Zaki M K , Noda K , Ito K , Komariah  , Ariyanto D P
Published: April 2021

Understanding how extremes are changing in long-term rainfall conditions is an important first step for planning appropriate adaptation measures of climate change. The purpose of this study is to investigate an uneven precipitation distribution and hydrometeorological events through the long-term trend of precipitation in Penajam Paser Utara, the new capital city of Indonesia. We used gridded precipitation APHRODITE and Mann-Kendall trend test over 60 years (1954-2015). The results showed the number of consecutive wet days (CWD) is higher than consecutive dry days (CDD). It also makes the number of floods larger than the drought. Even, the trend of rainfall was decreased from 1990 to 2015.
Effect of meteorological parameter to variability of Particulate Matter (PM) concentration in urban Jakarta city, Indonesia
Authors: Kusumaningtyas S D A , Khoir A N , Fibriantika E , Heriyanto E
Published: April 2021

Air quality degradation has been reported in Jakarta during 2019. Air pollution in the urban area is attributed to anthropogenic activities and influenced by meteorological parameters. This study attempted to investigate the effect of a meteorological parameter such as Mixing Level Height (MLH) to PM concentration and its seasonal variation in Jakarta during 2019. PM concentrations are obtained from BMKG and United States Embassy; meteorological parameters, as well as radiosonde observation, are derived from Soekarno Hatta Meteorological Office. Seasonal and diurnal variation of PM concentration and its relationship with MLH have been assessed. The study found that PM increased during the dry season (DS) and decreased in the rainy season (RS). During DS, frequency of occurrence of PM10 (PM2.5) concentration that exceeded the national and WHO standard were 2.2% (6.5%) and 96.1% (65%) respectively. Daily variation of PM2.5 mass ranged from 0.05 to 11.72 times of the PM10 and increased during RS. The MLH is negatively correlated with PM concentration. PM monthly concentration is always higher in the morning with the lowest MLH, particularly in DS. Radiation inversion type is the most common with height is quite low at 115.30 m causing high PM concentration of 59.17 µg/m3 (PM2.5) and 122.67 µg/m3 (PM10).
Utilization of solid tapioca waste for bioethanol production by co-fermentation of baker’s and tapai yeast
Authors: Arnata I W , Gunam I B W , Anggreni A A M D , Wijaya I M M , Sartika D
Published: April 2021

Tapioca processing from cassava produces abundant solid wastes. If left untreated, it potentially increases greenhouse gas emissions from the decomposition of organic matter. These gas emissions are known to accelerate global climate change. Tapioca solid waste (TSW) has high starch and cellulose content, making energy recovery possible through conversion to bioethanol. This research aimed to produce bioethanol from TSW by a co-fermentation method of baker’s and local tapai yeast. The research was conducted through multi-stages of enzymatic hydrolysis, followed by fermentation, then distillation. The hydrolysis produces hydrolyzate with a relatively high reducing sugar concentration. The ethanol fermentation results were optimally achieved in 48 h, namely substrate fermented by tapai yeast first for 24 h, followed by the addition of baker’s yeast and fermentation time to 48 h. This proces produced the highest yield and bioethanol concentration, almost 2 times higher than fermentation using baker’s or tapai yeast only. This results suggested that TSW can be used for bioethanol production by co-fermentation of baker’s and tapai yeast method. TSW usage will reduce global warming, bioethanol production can be widely applied in various fields replacing fossil fuel, thus has the potential to reduce global warming and global climate change.
Ecological sustainability of Gerbangkertosusila Region based on ecological footprint approach for the land use controlling
Authors: Santoso E B , Aulia B U , Handayeni K D M E , Aninditya D N
Published: April 2021

Gerbangkertosusila region is a prime mover of regional economic activity within East Java Province and even the national level. The impetus for economic growth has an impact on the carrying capacity of the environment. Thus, to achieve sustainable development goals, it is necessary to conduct a study of environmental carrying capacity which is related to the maximum capacity/entropy that can be utilized by the human being. An ecological footprint approach is an approach of the environmental carrying capacity to identify the components of natural resource consumption, waste, and availability of natural resources in each type of land use. Carbon footprint which is the biggest part of the ecological footprint has a relation with CO2 emission production, which influences climate change mitigation. The purpose of this study was to formulate land use control policies based on the ecological footprint approach. The analysis method consists of three phases. First, the calculation of biological capacity was based on the availability level of natural resources. Second, the calculation of an ecological footprint was based on the consumption level of natural resources. The final phase was sustainability calculation to get the result to accommodate the population consumption within the region. The finding showed that Mojokerto City, Surabaya City, and Sidoarjo Regency were regions which a deficit in terms of ecological sustainability. The rest regions within the Gerbangkertosusila region were considered regions that are experiencing a surplus. It has a surplus of 87,424,615 gha or equal to 9.13 gha/capita.
Application of bridle model in estimating greenhouse gases emissions from three wastewater treatment plants in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Pratama M A , Setiarini J
Published: April 2021

The estimation of Green House Gases (GHGs) plays an important role in reducing emissions to prevent global warming and climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) method is the most commonly used in estimating the emissions from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). However, it is difficult to establish technical strategies in emissions reduction as the method cannot identify which treatment unit contributes to the total emission. In this study, we estimated GHGs from WWTPs using the Bridal Model based on the operations and processes in each treatment plant unit. We applied the model to three WWTPs located in Fukushima, Koriyama, and Nihonmatsu City, Japan. The results were evaluated by comparisons with those estimated by the IPCC method. The bridle model results showed that the average daily GHG emissions in Fukushima, Koriyama, and Nihonmatsu in the 2015-2018 period were 86.4, 55.2 and 6.2 ton CO2 eq/day. Furthermore, emissions from the three WWTPS per m3 of treated wastewater were insignificantly different from those estimated by the IPCC method. Sludge treatment was the most sensitive treatment unit as it contributes to 31.8-70.3% of the total emission, followed by chemical and biological treatment units. The study suggests that utilizing biogases produced from the sludge treatment could reduce 21.4-49% of total emissions from a WWTP.
The carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration potential of conservation plant Aquilaria malaccensis
Authors: Utomo S W , Pambudi P A , Pramudianto A , Sudaryanto
Published: April 2021

Climate change is the challenge provided with the most attention within all circles in the 21st century. This phenomenon allegedly originates due to the increasing concentrations of CO2 gas in the atmosphere. Therefore, efforts are continually designed to slow down or halt the process to avoid significantly impacting life on earth. The common mitigation approach is by encouraging the planting of trees to optimize CO2 sequestration. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the CO2 sequestration capacity of Aquilaria malaccensis in natural forests and plantations. Particularly, Aquilaria malaccensis is an endemic plant of Indonesia’s tropical forests, with critical or endangered status. The allometric method was adopted, with purposive and non-destructive sampling techniques, then a multilevel plot was used during CO2 sequestration analysis. This plant species absorbed the gas at the tree category in natural forests (9.57 tons CO2 eq/year), and similarly with plantation forests (2.35 tons CO2 eq/year). The tree biomass category in natural forests (5.22 tons CO2 eq/year), and plantations (1.28 tons CO2 eq/year), alongside the pole category in natural forests (1.9 x 10-3 tons CO2 eq/year) rank lowest. The carbon content in the tree category ranked highest at the natural (2.61 tons CO2 eq/year), compared to plantation forests (0.64 tons CO2 eq/year), while the carbon composition in pole category at the natural and plantation forests were (9.8 x 10-4 tons CO2 eq/year) and (2.2 x 10-3 tons CO2 eq/year), respectively.
Conflict of norms in Indonesia’s sustainable development policy: Mineral and coal mining sector
Authors: Maskun  , Achmad  , Naswar  , Assidiq H , Bachril S N
Published: April 2021

This study aims to identify the conflict of norms in the mineral and coal sectors particularly after issuing Law No. 3 of 2020. The type of this research is normative-legal research, which analyses the contents of some relevant Indonesian Law and some principles of law on Mineral and Coal. The data are qualified as the primary legal materials and collected through study documents. They are then analysed qualitatively. The main findings show that there is norm conflict post Law No. 3 of 2020 on the Amendment to Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal is enacted. The norm conflict can be seen in Indonesian sustainable development policy and law, such as Indonesian sustainable development the Law No. 16 of 2016 concerning Ratification of the Paris Agreement to the UNFCCC, The Presidential Regulation of No. 59 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, and the Low Carbon Development concept. Both the national policy and the Law will have significant effects on Indonesian commitment to reduce GHGs by 2030 to 29% with business as usual and to 41% with international supports. Relation of it with climate change issues is both the national policy and the law only accommodate the interests of coal industry players. but not the interests of the people in the mining areas and indigenous peoples. It means that the accommodation of mineral and coal industries’ interests will threaten the environment, as it is known that they are one of the worst contributors to GHGs in the world.
Palm oil cultivation on peatlands and its impact on increasing Indonesia’s greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Maskun  , Achmad  , Naswar  , Assidiq H , Bachril S N
Published: April 2021

Peatlands store very high carbon stocks. Damage to peatland ecosystem will have an impact on increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increasing the risk of climate change. Peatlands governance is important to prioritize the principle of conservation over cultivation. The aim of this study is to analyze and elaborate the conflict of interests between the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO). The methods are normative-legal research to diagnose the difference in the application of law between RSPO and ISPO. The findings show that RSPO as one of the world sustainable palm oil management standards has banned palm oil planting on peatlands based on its 2018 Principles and Criteria for the Production of Sustainable Palm Oil (P&C). Unfortunately, the palm management instrument in Indonesia which is ISPO still provides space for palm oil cultivation on peatlands. Relation of this study with climate change issues is that ISPO ideas are counterproductive to Indonesia’s commitment in reducing GHG emissions by 29% in 2030. Indonesia needs to evaluate peatland governance policies to prioritize conservation rather than cultivation.
Environmental reporting, ownership structure and corporate characteristics of Indonesian listed companies
Authors: Ika S R , Rahayu R , Elrifi M Y , Widagdo A K
Published: April 2021

Environmental reporting is a means to communicate the environmental performance information by an organization to its stakeholders. Information on environmental performance among others comprises the impact of the organization’s operation on climate change, the environment, performance in managing those impacts, and contribution to ecological and sustainable development. This study aims to examine the association between environmental reporting, ownership structure, and corporate characteristics, namely financial performance, board gender, and company size. Ownership structure was measured by managerial ownership, while financial performance was measured by liquidity, solvability, and profitability ratios. The study uses one hundred and twenty-eight manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2017 as a sample. Results of multivariate regression analysis indicate that managerial ownership and profitability have a positive association with environmental reporting. These results suggest that the higher the shares owned by the management, and the more profitable the company, the higher the incentives to disclose environmental information in the company’s annual report. The study provides additional insight into the capital market authority agency regarding factors that may influence listed companies to report their environmental awareness under the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) G4 environmental framework.
Symbolic interaction of internal auditor in the implementation of consultation activities
Authors: Nugraheni A A , Nurhaeni I D A , Hastjarjo S
Published: April 2021

Disaster is one of impacts caused by climate change. The Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia conducts an audit of state finances management and responsibility in handling the disaster. The success of The Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia was partly driven by The Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia’s internal audit performance, namely the Inspectorate General which provided consultations to add value for the The Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia work unit. However, The Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia work unit expects that Inspectorate General has more consultative and not impressed as an external auditor in carrying out the consultation. The purpose of this research was to improve and enrich the communication of Inspectorate General internal auditors in carrying out the consultation. This research used symbolic interaction theory by George Herbert Mead. This paper is a compilation of several relevant data sources. They were collected systematically, and then analyzed in-depth and critical evaluation to provide the research finding in narrative. The result showed that management of mind, self, and society can play important role in carrying out the consultation. Besides, the use of symbol and nonverbal communication may increase good relationship in the consultation. Inspectorate General needed to improve its auditors competence to manage symbolic interaction in carrying out the consultation in order to be more consultative.
Tri Hita Karana In Bali Arts Festival
Authors: Wulandari I G A A , Mahagangga G A O
Published: April 2021

Bali as a famous tourist destination in Indonesia has major problems related to the environment and climate change. Garbage until now has been felt by most of the people in Bali but it is still underestimated. A series of regional regulations (Perda) and traditional regulations (awig-awig) have attempted to address the issue. Based on this the environmental preservation movement is now increasingly vigorous, while the Balinese Hindu philosophy of life “Tri Hita Karana” in the life of modern Balinese society appears just like a discourse. The aim of this research is to analyze the role of Bali Arts Festival to environmental preservation. This research was conducted using quantitative and qualitative methods at the largest routine arts and cultural festival in Bali known as the “Bali Arts Festival”. The results show that from the exhibitor`s perspective Bali Arts Festival has played a role in preserving the environment through its craft exhibition.
Analysis of the income and household welfare of organic and non-organic rice farmers in the Sambirejo Sub-Regency of Sragen Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Wardhani V K , Sutrisno J , Khomah Isti
Published: April 2021

Climate change can be caused by various factors, including carbon emissions. The adoption of an organic farming system on a large scale can reduce the use of chemicals in factory production. Therefore, in the long term, it can reduce the operation of chemical factories and reduce carbon emissions. However, the organic system cannot be applied extensively to Indonesian rice farmers. The complexity of the system, certification, the initial decrease in production, and higher cost allocation leads farmers to think that the organic system is not making an impact on their income and welfare. This study aims to determine the farming income, household income, and household welfare of organic and non-organic rice farmers in the Sambirejo sub-district. It uses a descriptive method, and the respondents were determined by the proportional random sampling method. The results show that the organic rice farming income and household income are higher than their non-organic equivalents. There is a very small difference in the price of organic and non-organic rice of only IDR 855.00/kg, so it is understandable that many non-organic farmers are reluctant to switch to the organic system. Based on the comparative test of the Rice Farmer Exchange Rate, the welfare of organic rice farmers is higher than non-organic ones, whereas, based on Food Expenditure Share, the welfare of organic rice farmers is not significantly different to their non-organic compatriots.