bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors controlling oxytocin receptor gene expression
Authors: Danoff Joshua S. , Wroblewski Kelly L. , Graves Andrew J. , Quinn Graham C. , Perkeybile Allison M. , Kenkel William M. , Lillard Travis S. , Parikh Hardik I. , Golino Hudson F. , Gregory Simon G. , Carter C. Sue , Bales Karen L. , Connelly Jessica J.
Published: January 2021

Background

The neuropeptide oxytocin regulates mammalian social behavior. Disruptions in oxytocin signaling are a feature of many psychopathologies. One commonly studied biomarker for oxytocin involvement in psychiatric diseases is DNA methylation at the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR). Such studies focus on DNA methylation in two regions ofOXTR, exon 3 and a region termed MT2 which overlaps exon 1 and intron 1. However, the relative contribution of exon 3 and MT2 in regulatingOXTRgene expression in the brain is currently unknown.

Results

Here, we use the prairie vole as a translational animal model to investigate genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors affectingOxtrgene expression in a region of the brain that has been shown to driveOxtrrelated behavior in the vole, the nucleus accumbens. We show that the genetic structure ofOxtrin prairie voles resembles humanOXTR. We then studied the effects of early life experience on DNA methylation in two regions of a CpG island surrounding theOxtrpromoter: MT2 and exon 3. We show that early nurture in the form of parental care results in DNA hypomethylation ofOxtrin both MT2 and exon 3, but only DNA methylation in MT2 is associated withOxtrgene expression. Network analyses indicate that CpG sites in the 3′ portion of MT2 are most highly associated withOxtrgene expression. We also identify two novel SNPs in exon 3 ofOxtrin prairie voles and a novel alternative transcript originating from the third intron of the gene. Expression of the novel alternative transcript is associated with genotype at SNP KLW2.

Conclusions

These results identify putative regulatory features ofOxtrin prairie voles which inform future studies examiningOXTRin human social behaviors and disorders. These studies indicate that in prairie voles, DNA methylation in MT2, particularly in the 3′ portion, is more predictive ofOxtrgene expression than DNA methylation in exon 3. Similarly, in human temporal cortex, we find that DNA methylation in the 3′ portion of MT2 is associated withOXTRexpression. Together, these results suggest that among the CpG sites studied, DNA methylation of MT2 may be the most reliable indicator ofOXTRgene expression. We also identify novel features of prairie voleOxtr, including SNPs and an alternative transcript, which further develop the prairie vole as a translational model for studies ofOXTR.
Cecal dermoid masquerading dermoid cyst of ovary: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mishra Tushar Subhadarshan , Jena Saubhagya Kumar , Kumari Supriya , Purkait Suvendu , Ayyanar Pavithra , Nayak Pallabi
Published: January 2021

Background

The ovary is the most common site of occurrence of mature cystic teratomas (dermoid cysts). These are the most common ovarian germ cell tumor in the reproductive age group, accounting for 10–20% of all ovarian neoplasms, with a 1–2% risk of malignancy. A cecal dermoid cyst is a rare entity with only ten cases having been reported so far, eight of which could be retrieved as the rest were reported in different languages. None of these cases were managed laparoscopically. Here we present the first case of cecal dermoid managed laparoscopically.

Case presentation

A 35-year-old nulliparous Indian Hindu woman presented with complaints of on and off abdominal pain for 10 months. The abdominal examination revealed a well-defined mass of about 10 × 5 cm size, palpable in the right iliac fossa. On sonography, it was suggestive of a right-sided ovarian dermoid cyst. The lesion measured 10 × 7 × 5 cm on a contrast-enhanced computed tomogram (CT) scan. It was well defined and hypodense and located in the right lower abdomen. The ovarian tumor markers were normal. On laparoscopy, the uterus, bilateral tubes, and ovaries were found to be healthy. The cyst was seen arising from the right medial wall of the cecum at the ileocecal junction, which was excised laparoscopically. Histopathological study revealed it to be a mature cystic teratoma.

Conclusion

Ovarian mature cystic teratoma commonly has an indolent course and can present with palpable abdominal mass, pain, or vomiting due to complications like torsion, hemorrhage, or infection. Alternatively, these cysts can be asymptomatic and incidentally detected. Clinicians should be aware of the variety of presentations of dermoid cysts of the bowel as well as mesentery. The exact location of the teratoma eluded us till the laparoscopy despite adequate imaging including a contrast-enhanced CT scan having been performed preoperatively. We are reporting this as it is a rare entity, and this knowledge will help gynecologists and surgeons make an appropriate surgical decision.
Traditional herbal medicine therapy of gallbladder ascariasis: a case report
Authors: Israyil Zordun , Gul Aman , Memtily Nassirhadjy , Abulizi Aierken , Emet Gheni , Niyaz Batur
Published: January 2021

Background

Ascariasis is one of the common intestinal infections in developing countries, including China. Migration of Ascaris lumbricoides into the gallbladder is rare, unlike ascariasis of the bile duct and when it does occur, treatment is generally by endoscopic or surgical extraction.

Case presentation

A 4-year-old Uyghur boy with a history of ascariasis developed intermittent upper abdominal pain for 7 days, was being treated by a local practitioner, and when the pain worsened with yellow sclera for 3 days, he was admitted to our hospital. On physical examination, found out the patient with yellowish skin tone, pale yellow fur on tongue, mild yellow staining of the sclera and tenderness in epigastrium. Laboratory data plus liver function test showed damage of liver function. Abdominal Ultrasonography (USG) and Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed a long, linear, echogenic structure in the gallbladder neck near to the common bile duct. Once the ascariasis diagnosis was established, he was given conservative treatment of magnesium sulfate with herbal medicine. In 4 days, the patient discharged Ascaris through the stool.

Conclusions

Conservative treatment of magnesium sulfate with Uyghur medicine treatment according to syndrome differentiation is proven to have curative effect.
Beneficial effects of a multidomain cognitive rehabilitation program for traumatic brain injury–associated diffuse axonal injury: a case report
Authors: de la Rosa-Arredondo Tania , Choreño-Parra José Alberto , Corona-Ruiz Jessica Amira , Rodríguez-Muñoz Patricia Emilia , Pacheco-Sánchez Francisco Javier , Rodríguez-Nava Alberto Iván , García-Quintero Gabriela , Guadarrama-Ortiz Parménides
Published: January 2021

Background

Neuropsychological rehabilitation is a crucial component of medical care for patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI). However, current cognitive intervention programs directed to favor the training of specific domains individually have shown controversial results. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of a neuropsychological rehabilitation program directed to favor training of attention, memory, visuospatial abilities, and executive functioning together in a patient with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI)-associated DAI.

Case presentation

A 26-year-old Hispanic woman with a recent history of a severe TBI attended our center complaining of memory problems, dysarthria, and difficulty in planning. A comprehensive cognitive assessment revealed dysfunction in sustained, selective, and divided attention, alterations in memory, planning, and organization of executive behavior, as well as impairment of visuospatial cognitive functions. The patient underwent a 24-week neuropsychological rehabilitation program directed to favor attention, memory, visuospatial abilities, and executive functioning together. After the cognitive intervention, we observed a better patient's performance in tasks requiring sustained, selective, and divided attention, improvement of encoding and retrieval memory problems, use of spatial relationships, planning, and organization of behavior skills. We also observed generalization effects on other domains, such as learning, mental flexibility, inhibition functions, and language.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our results suggest that neuropsychological rehabilitation programs favoring multiple domains together are useful in reestablishing cognitive deficits in patients with severe DAI.
Lung organoids, useful tools for investigating epithelial repair after lung injury
Authors: Kong Jing , Wen Shiyuan , Cao Wenjing , Yue Peng , Xu Xin , Zhang Yu , Luo Lisha , Chen Taigui , Li Lianbao , Wang Feng , Tao Jian , Zhou Guozhong , Luo Suyi , Liu Aihua , Bao Fukai
Published: January 2021

Organoids are derived from stem cells or organ-specific progenitors. They display structures and functions consistent with organs in vivo. Multiple types of organoids, including lung organoids, can be generated. Organoids are applied widely in development, disease modelling, regenerative medicine, and other multiple aspects. Various human pulmonary diseases caused by several factors can be induced and lead to different degrees of lung epithelial injury. Epithelial repair involves the participation of multiple cells and signalling pathways. Lung organoids provide an excellent platform to model injury to and repair of lungs. Here, we review the recent methods of cultivating lung organoids, applications of lung organoids in epithelial repair after injury, and understanding the mechanisms of epithelial repair investigated using lung organoids. By using lung organoids, we can discover the regulatory mechanisms related to the repair of lung epithelia. This strategy could provide new insights for more effective management of lung diseases and the development of new drugs.
Genetic and molecular biology of systemic lupus erythematosus among Iranian patients: an overview
Authors: Gachpazan Meisam , Akhlaghipour Iman , Rahimi Hamid Reza , Saburi Ehsan , Mojarrad Majid , Abbaszadegan Mohammad Reza , Moghbeli Meysam
Published: January 2021

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinicopathologically heterogeneous chronic autoimmune disorder affecting different organs and tissues. It has been reported that there is an increasing rate of SLE incidence among Iranian population. Moreover, the Iranian SLE patients have more severe clinical manifestations compared with other countries. Therefore, it is required to introduce novel methods for the early detection of SLE in this population. Various environmental and genetic factors are involved in SLE progression.

Main body

In present review we have summarized all of the reported genes which have been associated with clinicopathological features of SLE among Iranian patients.

Conclusions

Apart from the reported cytokines and chemokines, it was interestingly observed that the apoptosis related genes and non-coding RNAs were the most reported genetic abnormalities associated with SLE progression among Iranians. This review clarifies the genetics and molecular biology of SLE progression among Iranian cases. Moreover, this review paves the way of introducing an efficient panel of genetic markers for the early detection and better management of SLE in this population.
Recovering the space source term for the fractional-diffusion equation with Caputo–Fabrizio derivative
Authors: Huynh Le Nhat , Luc Nguyen Hoang , Baleanu Dumitru , Long Le Dinh
Published: January 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the source function for the Caputo–Fabrizio time fractional diffusion equation. This new definition of the fractional derivative has no singularity. In other words, the new derivative has a smooth kernel. Here, we investigate the existence of the source term. Through an example, we show that this problem is ill-posed (in the sense of Hadamard), and the fractional Landweber method and the modified quasi-boundary value method are used to deal with this inverse problem and the regularized solution is also obtained. The convergence estimates are addressed for the regularized solution to the exact solution by using an a priori regularization parameter choice rule and an a posteriori parameter choice rule. In addition, we give a numerical example to illustrate the proposed method.
New weighted norm inequalities for multilinear Calderón–Zygmund operators with kernels of Dini’s type and their commutators
Authors: Zhao Yichun , Zhou Jiang
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we introduce certain classes of multilinear Calderón–Zygmund operators with kernels of Dini’s type. Applying the sharp method and $A_{\vec{p}}^{\infty }(\varphi )$

A

p
→

∞

(
φ
)
functions, we first establish some weighted norm inequalities for multilinear Calderón–Zygmund operators with kernels of Dini’s type, including pointwise estimates, strong type, and weak endpoint estimates. Furthermore, similar weighted norm inequalities for commutators with $\mathrm{BMO}_{\theta }(\varphi )$

BMO
θ

(
φ
)
functions are also obtained, but the weak endpoint estimate is of $L({\mathrm{log}}L)$
L
(
log
L
)
type.
Positive ground states for nonlinearly coupled Choquard type equations with lower critical exponents
Authors: Wu Huiling
Published: January 2021

We study the coupled Choquard type system with lower critical exponents$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} -\Delta u+\lambda _{1}(x)u=\mu _{1}(I_{\alpha }* \vert u \vert ^{ \frac{N+\alpha }{N}}) \vert u \vert ^{\frac{\alpha }{N}-1}u+\beta (I_{\alpha }* \vert v \vert ^{ \frac{N+\alpha }{N}}) \vert u \vert ^{\frac{\alpha }{N}-1}u,\quad x\in {\mathbb{R}}^{N}, \\ -\Delta v+\lambda _{2}(x)v=\mu _{2}(I_{\alpha }* \vert v \vert ^{ \frac{N+\alpha }{N}}) \vert v \vert ^{\frac{\alpha }{N}-1}v+\beta (I_{\alpha }* \vert u \vert ^{ \frac{N+\alpha }{N}}) \vert v \vert ^{\frac{\alpha }{N}-1}v,\quad x\in {\mathbb{R}}^{N}, \\ u, v\in H^{1}({\mathbb{R}}^{N}), \end{cases} $${−Δu+λ1(x)u=μ1(Iα∗|u|N+αN)|u|αN−1u+β(Iα∗|v|N+αN)|u|αN−1u,x∈RN,−Δv+λ2(x)v=μ2(Iα∗|v|N+αN)|v|αN−1v+β(Iα∗|u|N+αN)|v|αN−1v,x∈RN,u,v∈H1(RN),where$N\ge 3$N≥3,$\mu _{1}, \mu _{2}, \beta >0$μ1,μ2,β>0, and$\lambda _{1}(x)$λ1(x),$\lambda _{2}(x)$λ2(x)are nonnegative functions. The existence of at least one positive ground state of this system is proved under certain assumptions on$\lambda _{1}$λ1,$\lambda _{2}$λ2.
Analysis of fractional multi-dimensional Navier–Stokes equation
Authors: Chu Yu-Ming , Ali Shah Nehad , Agarwal Praveen , Dong Chung Jae
Published: January 2021

In this paper, a hybrid method called variational iteration transform method has been implemented to solve fractional-order Navier–Stokes equation. Caputo operator describes fractional-order derivatives. The solutions of three examples are presented to show the validity of the current method without using Adomian and He’s polynomials. The results of the proposed method are shown and analyzed with the help of figures. It is shown that the proposed method is found to be efficient, reliable, and easy to implement for various related problems of science and engineering.
Optimization of cultivation medium and cyclic fed-batch fermentation strategy for enhanced polyhydroxyalkanoate production by Bacillus thuringiensis using a glucose-rich hydrolyzate
Authors: Singh Sarisha , Sithole Bruce , Lekha Prabashni , Permaul Kugenthiren , Govinden Roshini
Published: January 2021

The accumulation of petrochemical plastic waste is detrimental to the environment. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are bacterial-derived polymers utilized for the production of bioplastics. PHA-plastics exhibit mechanical and thermal properties similar to conventional plastics. However, high production cost and obtaining high PHA yield and productivity impedes the widespread use of bioplastics. This study demonstrates the concept of cyclic fed-batch fermentation (CFBF) for enhanced PHA productivity by Bacillus thuringiensis using a glucose-rich hydrolyzate as the sole carbon source. The statistically optimized fermentation conditions used to obtain high cell density biomass (OD600 of 2.4175) were: 8.77 g L−1 yeast extract; 66.63% hydrolyzate (v/v); a fermentation pH of 7.18; and an incubation time of 27.22 h. The CFBF comprised three cycles of 29 h, 52 h, and 65 h, respectively. After the third cyclic event, cell biomass of 20.99 g L−1, PHA concentration of 14.28 g L−1, PHA yield of 68.03%, and PHA productivity of 0.219 g L−1 h−1 was achieved. This cyclic strategy yielded an almost threefold increase in biomass concentration and a fourfold increase in PHA concentration compared with batch fermentation. FTIR spectra of the extracted PHAs display prominent peaks at the wavelengths unique to PHAs. A copolymer was elucidated after the first cyclic event, whereas, after cycles CFBF 2–4, a terpolymer was noted. The PHAs obtained after CFBF cycle 3 have a slightly higher thermal stability compared with commercial PHB. The cyclic events decreased the melting temperature and degree of crystallinity of the PHAs. The approach used in this study demonstrates the possibility of coupling fermentation strategies with hydrolyzate derived from lignocellulosic waste as an alternative feedstock to obtain high cell density biomass and enhanced PHA productivity.
Association between age and infection in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Algowhary Magdy
Published: January 2021

Background

ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in young patients has a unique risk profile. We aimed to detect bacteria in aspirate of infarct artery in young versus old patients.

Results

Aspirates of consecutive 140 patients who underwent a primary coronary intervention were taken for bacteriological, microscopical, and immunohistochemical (for bacterial pneumolysin) examinations. Their results were calculated in young (≤ 50 years) versus old (> 50 years) patients. Median age (interquartile range) was 45 (38–48) years in young (60 patients) and 59 (55–65) years in old (80 patients) patients, p < 0.0001. Both groups had similar baseline data except age, males, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, family history, lesion length, and ectatic vessel. Different bacteria were cultured in 11.3% of all patients involving 22.6% of young and 2.8% of old patients [hazard ratio 8.03 (95% CI 1.83–51.49), p = 0.002]. By multivariate analyses, age groups and leukocytic count were independent predictors of infection (bacteria and pneumolysin), p = 0.027 and p < 0.0001, respectively. Optimal cutoff value of leukocytic count was 12,250 cells/μl [ROC curve sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 86.4%, and AUC 0.97 (95% CI 0.95–1.0), p < 0.001]. Infection was an independent predictor of STEMI in young versus old patients, p < 0.001. Nevertheless, in-hospital events occurred insignificantly different and neither age groups nor infection was predictor of in-hospital events.

Conclusions

Young patients had significantly higher percentage of bacteria in their infarcted artery than old patients. High leukocytic count in patients below 50 predicts infection that causes acute myocardial infarction. Antibacterial trials directed toward this group are required for secondary prevention.
Vascular Myelopathies
Authors: Zalewski Nicholas L.
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Neurologists should be able to identify clinical and neuroimaging features that distinguish vascular disorders from other causes of myelopathy.

RECENT FINDINGS

Although certain clinical features suggest a vascular etiology in acute and chronic myelopathy settings, accurate MRI interpretation within the clinical context is key. Recent studies have shown vascular myelopathies are frequently misdiagnosed as transverse myelitis, and recognition of this diagnostic pitfall is important. Many different vascular mechanisms can cause myelopathy; this article provides a comprehensive review that simplifies disease categories into arterial ischemia, venous congestion/ischemia, hematomyelia, and extraparenchymal hemorrhage.

It is important to recognize and manage vascular disorders of the spinal cord as significant causes of acute, subacute, and progressive myelopathy.
Neuroimaging of Spinal Cord and Cauda Equina Disorders
Authors: Diehn Felix E. , Krecke Karl N.
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article reviews the neuroimaging of disorders of the spinal cord and cauda equina, with a focus on MRI. An anatomic approach is used; diseases of the extradural, intradural-extramedullary, and intramedullary (parenchymal) compartments are considered, and both neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions are covered. Differentiating imaging features are highlighted.

RECENT FINDINGS

Although T2-hyperintense signal abnormality of the spinal cord can have myriad etiologies, neuroimaging can provide specific diagnoses or considerably narrow the differential diagnosis in many cases. Intradural-extramedullary lesions compressing the spinal cord have a limited differential diagnosis and are usually benign; meningiomas and schwannomas are most common. Extradural lesions can often be specifically diagnosed. Disk herniations are the most commonly encountered mass of the epidural space. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy can cause a characteristic pattern of enhancement, which may be mistaken for an intrinsic myelopathy. A do-not-miss diagnosis of the extradural compartment is idiopathic spinal cord herniation, the appearance of which can overlap with arachnoid cysts and webs. Regarding intrinsic causes of myelopathy, the lesions of multiple sclerosis are characteristically short segment but can be confluent when multiple. Postcontrast MRI can be particularly helpful, including when attempting to differentiate the long-segment myelopathy of neurosarcoidosis and aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG–seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and when characterizing spinal cord tumors such as primary neoplasms and metastases. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula is another do-not-miss diagnosis, with characteristic MRI features both precontrast and postcontrast. Tract-specific white matter involvement can be a clue for diseases such as subacute combined degeneration, paraneoplastic myelopathy, and radiation myelitis, whereas gray matter–specific involvement can suggest conditions such as cord infarct, viral myelitis, or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-IgG associated disorder.

Knowledge of the neuroimaging findings of the many causes of spinal cord and cauda equina dysfunction is critical for both neurologists and neuroradiologists. A structured approach to lesion compartmental location and imaging feature characterization is recommended.
Infectious Myelopathies
Authors: Toledano Michel
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article reviews infectious etiologies of spinal cord dysfunction, emphasizing the importance of recognizing common clinicoradiographic syndromes and interpreting them in the context of exposure risk and individual host susceptibilities.

RECENT FINDINGS

This article discusses the shifting spectrum of neurologic infectious diseases, the growing population of patients who are immunocompromised, and the emergence of effective antiretroviral therapies. In addition, it discusses new molecular and serologic tests that have the potential to enhance our ability to rapidly and accurately diagnose infectious diseases of the spine.

When evaluating patients with suspected infectious myelopathies, it is imperative to narrow the range of pathogens under consideration. The geography, seasonality, and clinicoradiographic presentation and immunocompetence status of the patient define the range of potential pathogens and should guide testing and initial management.
Metabolic and Toxic Myelopathies
Authors: Parks Natalie Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article describes the clinical presentation, relevant diagnostic investigations, and treatment of metabolic and toxic myelopathies.

RECENT FINDINGS

Metabolic myelopathies, including those due to deficiency of vitamin B12, folate, copper, or vitamin E, are preventable and typically respond to supplementation. In metabolic myelopathy, early recognition and treatment are important to reduce morbidity, particularly due to subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. Toxic myelopathies, including those due to medical interventions (eg, methotrexate, radiation), dietary toxins (eg, lathyrism, konzo), and drugs of abuse (eg, heroin), typically result in permanent neurologic deficits. Toxic myelopathy due to hepatic dysfunction may be reversible if patients receive early intervention, whereas nitrous oxide myelopathy responds to vitamin B12 replacement and cessation of exposure. In toxic myelopathy, it is best to avoid the provoking factor when possible or attempt to mitigate risk by identifying risk factors for developing myelopathy.

Metabolic and toxic myelopathies are important causes of morbidity that require a high index of suspicion for diagnosis.
From the history of Polish psychiatry: paragnomen
Authors: Wilemborek Joanna , Jarema Marek
Published: January 2021

Przedstawiamy przypadek 27-letniego mężczyzny, który bez żadnego powodu dokonał skoku z VII piętra, doznając licznych urazów narządowych. To szokujące dla otoczenia i niezrozumiałe dla samego pacjenta wydarzenie stało się przyczyną ciągu hospitalizacji. Przez długie miesiące był leczony w oddziale intensywnej terapii i rehabilitacyjnym. Zaprzeczał tendencjom samobójczym, nie był w stanie wyjaśnić przyczyny tego skoku. Z powodu objawów depresyjnych był leczony przeciwdepresyjnie, rozpoznano epizod depresji umiarkowany. Następnie wystąpiły u niego objawy psychotyczne, z powodu których był hospitalizowany w oddziałach psychiatrycznych, gdzie podejrzewano schizofrenię. Był leczony przeciwpsychotycznie. Wypisany został z rozpoznaniem ostrych wielopostaciowych zaburzeń z objawami schizofrenii. Czyn ten przywodzi na myśl „zachowanie się wbrew oczekiwaniu”, actio preater expectationem – paragnomen - koncepcję ogłoszoną przez polskiego psychiatrę, prof. Eugeniusza Brzezickiego w latach pięćdziesiątych ubiegłego wieku. Jednocześnie przypadek ten przypomina o tym, że zupełnie bezzasadne, niewytłumaczone żadnymi okolicznościami nagłe zdarzenie związane z uczynieniem sobie bardzo poważnych szkód zdrowotnych może być sygnałem rozpoczynających się zaburzeń psychotycznych, ale niekoniecznie prowadzi do stwierdzenia schizofrenii, jak to sugerował autor pojęcia „paragnomen”.
Electrodermal activity and suicide risk assessment in patients with affective disorders
Authors: Wincewicz Karolina , Nasierowski Tadeusz
Published: January 2021

Istnieją wywiady i skale, w tym skale samoopisowe, do oceny ryzyka samobójstwa, znane są też czynniki ryzyka samobójstwa (m.in. wcześniejsze próby samobójcze, zgłaszana gotowość popełnienia samobójstwa, choroby somatyczne, płeć męska). Ich zastosowanie nie daje jednak dostatecznej gwarancji na prawidłowe odróżnienie osób o wysokim ryzyku popełnienia samobójstwa od tych o niskim ryzyku. W 1986 r. Gunnar Edman zaobserwował istnienie związku pomiędzy niską aktywnością elektrodermalną a tendencjami samobójczymi, co zostało potwierdzone w innych badaniach i metaanalizach. Aktywność elektrodermalna (EDA) jest powszechnie uznawana za bardzo dobry wskaźnik reakcji orientacyjnej, która jest reakcją na zawartość informacyjną bodźca i w pewnym sensie fizjologicznym mechanizmem pomagającym przetrwać organizmowi. Ze zjawiskiem tym jest związany proces habituacji, którego tempo jest miarą reaktywności EDA. Hyporeaktywność polega na bardzo szybkim habituowaniu bodźca, nawet już po pierwszej ekspozycji. Zgodnie z koncepcja Larsa Håkana Thorella hyporeaktywność można rozumieć jako specyficzny deficyt uwagi, który wiąże się z niemożnością wywołania ciekawości zwykłymi, codziennymi zdarzeniami na poziomie fizjologicznym. To powoduje większą skłonność do podejmowania prób samobójczych w grupie osób cierpiących na zaburzenia nastroju oraz mniejszy lęk przed zadaniem sobie bólu. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie historii badań nad aktywnością elektrodermalną, związkiem EDA z tendencjami samobójczymi u osób z zaburzeniami afektywnymi oraz omówienie metody EDOR System pozwalającej na zidentyfikowanie osób, u których ryzyko popełnienia samobójstwa jest szczególnie duże.
Paternal perinatal depression: cases
Authors: Sokół-Szawłowska Marlena
Published: January 2021

Wśród psychiatrów od wielu lat toczy się dyskusja na temat czy i w jaki sposób płeć pacjenta modyfikuje obraz psychopatologiczny depresji. Pomimo wieloletnich badań nad mechanizmami spustowych, cechami klinicznymi i konsekwencjami depresji okołoporodowej u kobiet, nadal można odnieść wrażenie, że zbyt mało wiadomo na temat tego zaburzenia psychicznego w okresie okołoporodowym u kobiet. Jeśli zaś chodzi o mężczyzn to istnieją tylko nieliczne doniesienia świadczące o konsekwencjach depresji u ojca dla fizycznego i emocjonalnego rozwoju nowonarodzonego dziecka. W prezentowanym artykule opisano kilka przypadków pacjentów mężczyzn, którzy zmagali się z objawami depresji w okresie okołoporodowym ich partnerek. We wszystkich historiach można doszukać się związku przyczynowo- skutkowego epizodu depresji z okresem okołoporodowym. Pomimo podobnych okoliczności życiowych i cech typowych dla depresji u mężczyzn obserwowano również wiele różnic w przebiegu choroby. Każdy z pacjentów wymagał leczenia farmakologicznego. W zależności od sytuacji klinicznej i życiowej zalecono równoległą psychoterapię, a w jednym przypadku również hospitalizację całodobową. U jednego z mężczyzn istotnym czynnikiem spustowym był epizod depresji poporodowej u partnerki. W stanie depresyjnym wszyscy trzej mężczyźni okresowo musieli zrezygnować z pełnienia roli opiekuńczej w stosunku do partnerki, a potem i dziecka. Zastosowane kompleksowe leczenie u wszystkich trzech ojców przyniosło remisję objawową i funkcjonalną. Dobry stan psychiczny przełożył się na dobrą adaptację do opieki nad małym dzieckiem i satysfakcję w roli ojca. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie depresji okołoporodowej u ojców jako realnego problemu klinicznego, który wymaga dalszych pogłębionych badań.
Risk factors for depression. New evidence on selenium deficiency and depressive disorders
Authors: Czaderny Krzysztof
Published: January 2021

Cel pracy

Celem artykułu jest weryfikacja hipotezy o związku niedoborów selenu z zaburzeniami depresyjnymi przy kontroli zmiennych ubocznych i zakłócających. Na podstawie danych empirycznych porównane zostanie znaczenie niedoborów selenu z innymi czynnikami ryzyka, przy czym nie tylko tymi związanymi z żywieniem.

Metoda

Model równań strukturalnych oszacowano przy zastosowaniu estymatora diagonalnie ważonych najmniejszych kwadratów ze skorygowaną statystyką testową chi-kwadrat (WLSMV). Obliczono wielkość dziennego spożycia selenu i innych składników odżywczych w celu oceny ich ew. związku z subiektywną oceną występowania zaburzeń depresyjnych. Oddziaływanie wzorów żywieniowych oszacowano przy uwzględnieniu w modelu: chorób chronicznych, problemów życiowych, poziomu bólu, aktywności fizycznej oraz dochodów. Analiza została przeprowadzona na próbie 9 354 mężczyzn i kobiet w wieku 45–65 z badania PONS.

Wyniki

Według zaproponowanego modelu istotne jest oddziaływanie na zaburzenia depresyjne niskiego spożycia selenu (standaryzowane oddziaływanie całkowite: 0,133), wysokiego spożycia lipidów (0,102) oraz niskiego spożycia żelaza (0,065). Innych czynników żywieniowych nie cechuje istotny statystycznie związek z występowaniem zaburzeń depresyjnych w modelu (p>0,05). Pośród pozostałych czynników ryzyka problemy w życiu prywatnym (0,181), ból (0,179) oraz niskie dochody (0,178) wykazują najsilniejszy związek z występowaniem depresji. Ból pośredniczy mniejszości całkowitego oddziaływania chorobowości na depresję (0,140). Zaburzenia depresyjne wykazują również związek z trudnościami w pracy zawodowej (0,123) oraz niską aktywnością fizycznej (0,024).

Wnioski

Wielkość spożycia selenu wykazuje najsilniejszy związek z występowaniem depresji pośród analizowanych czynników żywieniowych. Znaczenie zmiennych żywieniowych jest zarazem umiarkowane w porównaniu do pozostałych czynników ryzyka uwzględnionych w modelu. Przewlekły ból, niskie dochody i chorobowość są najważniejszymi korelatami występowania zaburzeń depresyjnych.
The reception of Dr Ludwik Jekels’ “apostolic activity” to promote psychoanalysis in Poland before the outbreak of World War I. Part 1
Authors: Dembińska Edyta , Rutkowski Krzysztof
Published: January 2021

Celem artykułu jest analiza wpływu działalności doktora Ludwika Jekelsa w latach 1909 -1914 na rozwój polskiej psychoanalizy. Ludwik Jekels był pierwszym polskim psychoanalitykiem oraz autorem pierwszych przekładów dzieł Freuda na język polski. Umiejętności psychoanalityczne zdobywał w klasycznej wiedeńskiej szkole psychoanalizy przez wiele lat uczestnicząc w wykładach prowadzonych przez Zygmunta Freuda. W artykule przeanalizowano wiele dotychczas nieznanych i niepublikowanych źródeł historycznych (np. wspomnienia i korespondencję Ludwika Jekelsa, gazety codzienne oraz czasopisma naukowe), co pozwoliło znacząco poszerzyć wiedzę na temat działalności oraz dokonań doktora Jekelsa w początkowym okresie jego aktywności jako psychoanalityka. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono pokrótce rozwój zawodowy oraz przyczyny zainteresowania psychoanalizą. Zrekonstruowano mało znany okres aktywności psychoanalitycznej przed pierwszymi publicznymi wystąpieniami w Krakowie i Warszawie w 1909 roku. Szczegółowo opisano treść pierwszych wykładów Jekelsa dotyczących psychoanalizy, w tym jednego dotychczas całkowicie nieznanego historykom medycyny. Krytycznej analizie poddano zróżnicowane reakcje środowiska polskich neurologów i psychiatrów na propagatorską aktywność Jekelsa, jak i na samą psychoanalizę.
Letter to Editor. Thromboembolic complications in psychiatry from the perspective of legal claims – authors response
Authors: Wilkowska Alina , Kujawska-Danecka Hanna , Hajduk Adam
Published: January 2021

bez streszczenia
Lithium treatment – the state of the art for 2020
Authors: Rybakowski Janusz
Published: January 2021

W artykule przedstawiono aktualny stan wiedzy na temat leczenia litem. Historia terapeutycznego stosowania litu rozpoczęła się w 1859 roku, a jego wprowadzenie do współczesnej psychiatrii miało miejsce 90 lat później. Od początku lat 1960-tych lit stał się prekursorem leków normotymicznych (mood-stabilizing) i obecnie jest lekiem z wyboru dla zapobiegania nawrotom epizodów manii i depresji w chorobach afektywnych. Zachowuje również istotną wartość dla leczenia ostrych epizodów manii i depresji, a zwłaszcza dla potencjalizacji leków przeciwdepresyjnych w depresji lekoopornej. Omówiono czynniki skuteczności profilaktycznej litu, w kontekście tzw. „excellent lithium responders” oraz skuteczności terapeutycznej litu w epizodach afektywnych. Spośrod leków normotymicznych lit wykazuje najsilniejsze działanie zapobiegające zachowaniom samobójczym. Wywiera również efekt przeciwwirusowy (głównie przeciw wirusom opryszczki) i immunomodulacyjny. Ostatnio zgromadzono dowody na neuroprotekcyjne i „przeciwotępienne” działanie litu, co spowodowało próby jego stosowania w chorobach neurodegeneracyjnych. Biochemiczny mechanizm działania litu związany jest głównie z hamowaniem enzymu syntazy kinazy glikogenu beta-3 oraz wpływem na procesy sygnalizacji wewnątrzkomórkowej. W artykule podano również wskazówki postępowania w wypadku pojawienia się objawów niepożądanych, zarówno w początkowym oraz późnym okresie podawania litu oraz stosowanie leku w ciąży i okresie okołoporodowym. Wskazano też na celowość przezwyciężania negatywnych nastawień związanych z wprowadzaniem litu do leczenia tak, aby większa liczba chorych mogła się stać beneficjentami jego stosowania. Zarówno wprowadzenie litu do współczesnej psychiatrii, jak i jego działanie terapeutyczne znalazło odzwierciedlenie w dziełach literackich i sztuce.
Normal automorphisms of the metabelian product of free abelian Lie algebras
Authors:   Çukurova University, Öğüşlü N. Ş.
Published: January 2021

Let M be the metabelian product of free abelian Lie algebras of finite rank. In this study we prove that every normal automorphism of M is an IA-automorphism and acts identically on M′.
Groups whose lattices of normal subgroups are factorial
Authors:   Shaqra University, Rajhi A.
Published: January 2021

We prove that the groups G for which the lattice of normal subgroups N(G) is factorial are exactly the UND-groups, that is the groups for which every normal subgroup have a unique normal complement, with finite length.
On the spectrum of Cayley graphs
Authors:   Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Ghorbani M. , Songhori M. ,   Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University
Published: January 2021

The set of eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of a graph is called the spectrum of it. In the present paper, we introduce the spectrum of Cayley graphs of order pqr in terms of character table, where p,q,r are prime numbers. We also, stablish some properties of Cayley graphs of non-abelian groups with a normal symmetric connected subset.
Soil mesofauna amount and diversity by returning fresh and compost of crops biomass waste in ultisols in-situ
Authors: Barus Junita , MEITHASARI DIAN , LUMBANRAJA JAMALAM , SUDARSONO HAMIM , HIDAYAT KUSWANTA FUTAS , DERMIYATI DERMIYATI
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Barus J, Meithasari D, Lumbanraja J, Sudarsono H, Hidayat KF, Dermiyati. 2021. Soil mesofauna amount and diversity by returning fresh and compost of crops biomass waste in ultisols in-situ. Biodiversitas 21: 92-98. Newly added organic matter to the soil often has no significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. However, the addition of organic matter greatly affects the abundance and diversity of living organisms in the soil, because the addition of organic matter is one of the sources of food. The aim of this research was to study the impact of returning crop biomass waste in fresh or compost forms on the abundance and diversity of soil mesofauna. Three types of crop biomass residues (i.e. maize stover, rice straw, and soybean stover) were used at doses of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 t ha-1. Mesofauna observations were carried out three times, namely at two weeks after biomass waste application (before planting rice), at eight weeks (there were rice plants in the soil), and at fourteen weeks (after rice harvest). The soil sample for mesofauna observation was dry extracted using a Berlese funnel set up, and to calculate and identified using a binocular microscope. The result showed that the number and diversity of mesofauna in the addition of compost was higher than that of fresh biomass waste. Increasing the dose of biomass waste has an effect on increasing the number and diversity of soil mesofauna. The presence of rice plants in the soil at the time of observation also affected the abundance of soil mesofauna.
Development of monospecific polyclonal antibodies against hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Darniati Darniati , Setiyaningsih Surachmi , Agungpriyono Dewi Ratih , Handharyani Ekowati
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Darniati, Setiyaningsih S, Agungpriyono DR, Handharyani E. 2021. Development of monospecific polyclonal antibodies against hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. Biodiversitas 22: 99-105. The aim of the research was to produce monospecific antibodies against Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype K1 and K2. Klebsiella pneumonia isolates were recovered from pneumonic lungs of Aceh cattle. The bacteria were identified by rpoB (RNA polymerase β subunit) PCR amplification specific for K. pneumoniae. The presence of  capsule cluster gene magA  and k2A  was used to characterize capsular serotype K1 and K2, respectively. Antisera were produced using serial immunization of New Zealand White rabbits with K. pneumoniae serotypes K1 and K2. The presence of antibodies was determined by using immunodiffusion test and purification was performed by immunoaffinity purification method. K. pneumoniae antibodies began to appear on the 14th day after the first injection and progressively intensified after the 1st and 2nd booster. The cross-reactivity between the antigen was eliminated by absorbing the antisera with the opposite antigen and several serotypes of non-K1/K2. After purification, serum protein concentrations were substantially decreased from 58.48 µg/µL and 53.99 µg/µL to 2.38 µg / µL and 3.72 µg / µL for K1 and K2, respectively). The SDS-PAGE analysis showed two bands with molecular weight at 54 kDa and 25 kDa representing the heavy and light chains of immunoglobulin G, respectively. Purified polyclonal antiseras against K. pneumoniae serotypes K1 and K2 showed high affinity and specificity for homologous antigens in immunodiffusion and direct agglutination tests, and immunohistochemical staining.
Socio-ecological dimensions of agroforestry called kebun campuran in tropical karst ecosystem of West Java, Indonesia
Authors: PARIKESIT PARIKESIT , WITHANINGSIH SUSANTI , ROZI FAKHRUR
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Parikesit, Withaningsih S, Rozi F. 2021. Socio-ecological dimensions of agroforestry called kebun campuran in tropical karst ecosystem of West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 122-131.  Traditional and modernized systems combining agricultural and forestry production systems-called agroforestry-was developed by humans under the influence of biophysical and social conditions which often result in heterogeneous landscape. The so-called kebun campuran (mixed gardens) is one of the agroforestry forms that can be encountered in the humid tropics of Indonesia. However, socio-ecological information of this man-made vegetation and its multidimensional functions in particular environmental settings like karst is still limited. This paper aims to elucidate socio-ecological dimensions of kebun campuran in karst ecosystem in Pangandaran District, West Java, Indonesia. A vegetation survey was carried out to reveal the bio-ecological dimensions of kebun campuran complemented with socio-economic questionnaires. The results show that kebun campuran played an important role for the owners as the majority of them gained economic benefits from this agroforest. More than 50% of the owners had their main income from kebun campuran, therefore, kebun campuran was considered a valuable family asset. Kebun campuran ownership put the owner in a higher social status, despite the fact that 80.9% of them had only elementary education background. Correlation analysis showed that there was a very significant correlation between the areas of kebun campuran, rice-field, and homegarden ownership. The analysis also indicated that the economic value of kebun campuran derived from its products increased as its area became larger. There were diverse products like timber, fruits, fuelwood and forages extracted from kebun campuran. Among economically important species were Albizia chinensis (silk tree), Cocos nucifera (coconuts), Manilkara zapota (sapodilla), Musa paradisiaca (banana). Despite its beneficial value, kebun campuran was not intensively managed. On the other hand, the structural vegetation pattern of kebun campuran was the result of various practices carried out by the owners through the processes of introduction, domestication, and selection of plant species. Maintaining kebun campuran in the coastal landscape of Pangandaran might ensure the future of karst ecosystem in this southern coastal area of West Java.
Physicochemical and functional properties of spineless, short-spines, and long-spines sago starch
Authors: SANTOSO BUDI , Sarungallo Zita Letviany , PUSPITA ANGELA MYRRA
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Santoso B, Sarungallo ZL, Puspita AM. 2021. Physicochemical and functional properties of spineless, short-spines, and long-spines sago starch. Biodiversitas 22: 137-143. Starch application in the food and non-food industries is influenced by their properties. The aim of this research was to characterize the physicochemical and functional of spineless, short-spines, and long-spine sago starch. Starch morphology for all types had an oval shape with a smooth surface, which was proved by the X-ray diffraction analysis. The proximate composition did not differ for all types of sago, except the protein of spineless sago type was slightly higher but it did not affect the profile and gelatinization process. The amylose content of spineless, short spines and long spine of sago starch was 33.61 %db, 38.47 % db, and 37.59 % db, respectively; categorized as a high in amylose then tends to be stickyless. The value of peak viscosity and setback of spineless sago (7571.0 cP and 1495.0 cP) and long spines sago (7608.0 cP and 923.0 cP) were higher than the short spines sago starch (1271.0 cP and 538.0 cP). Therefore, the spineless and the long spines sago starch are suitable as thickener and fillers, while the short spines sago starch is suggested for cakes and bakery products because it will not harden when the product is cold.
Assessment of mangrove species diversity in Banaybanay, Davao Oriental, Philippines
Authors: Pototan Brian , Capin Neil , Delima Aileen Grace , Novero Annabelle
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Pototan BL, Capin NC, Delima AG, Novero AU. 2021. Assessment of mangrove species diversity in Banaybanay, Davao Oriental, Philippines. Biodiversitas 22: 144-153. This study determined mangrove species diversity and community structure in Banaybanay, Davao Oriental, Philippines. Ten 150m long transects plots were laid out perpendicular through the mangrove forests yielding 30 plots and total sampled area of 3, 000 m2. Individual trees within plots were counted, identified and measured for diameter at breast height (dbh) and tree height. For diversity analysis, Shannon-Weiner Index of Diversity (H’), Pielou’s Index of Evenness (J), Simpson’s Index of Dominance (C), and Effective Number of Species (ENS) were used. Results showed a total of 33 species belonging to 14 families, 31 of which are true mangroves and two associates. Two threatened species, the endangered Camptostemon philippinensis and vulnerable Avicennia rumphiana, and three near-threatened species were recorded. Diversity analysis showed a high diversity index (H’=3.145; ENS=23) and high species evenness (J=0.85) but low dominance (C=0.05). Sonneratia alba attained the greatest importance value (IV=59.79%) due to high relative density, relative frequency, and relative dominance. Also, Rhizophoraceae is the most represented among 14 families. Hence, Banaybanay being highly diverse with the presence of threatened and near-threatened mangrove species calls for immediate protection and conservation measures because of increasing anthropogenic activities and environmental problems observed in the area.
Urbanization level and its effect on the structure and function of homegarden (pekarangan) vegetation in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ali Muhammad Saddam , Arifin Hadi Susilo , NURHAYATI NURHAYATI
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Ali MS, Arifin HS, Nurhayati. 2021. Urbanization level and its effect on the structure and function of homegarden (pekarangan) vegetation in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 173-183. Urbanization occurs in West Java Province, Indonesia is currently reducing the ecological value of Indonesian pekarangan or homegardens by decreasing the average area of ​​homegarden and the diversity and abundance of vegetation in them. One study site was in Bogor District, i.e. Selahuni 2, Ciomas Rahayu Village. Four sites in Bogor City, i.e. Sirnagalih-Pagentongan in Loji Village, Tegal Gundil Lama and Tegal Gundil Baru settlements in Tegal Gundil Village, and Baranangsiang Indah Settlement in Katulampa Village. One study site in Cianjur District, i.e. Cibakung Hamlet in Selajambe Village. The objective of this paper is to show the level of urbanization in each area of studies analyzed by Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and the dynamics of homegarden vegetation by comparing data from 1998, 2007, and 2019. The results showed that the levels of urbanization in the six study sites were moderately urbanized and highly urbanized. Homegarden dynamics occurred in the direction of changing homegarden area and the number of species and individuals of plants there. The dynamics of the homegarden due to urbanization have increased the composition of non-ornamental species, mostly fruit plants in all research sites in 2019.