bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HOW TO CREATE A NATION? VISUALISATIONS OF COMMUNITY AND NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS FROM THE PREMODERN TIMES TO THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION / KAIP SUKURTI TAUTĄ? BENDRUOMENĖS VIZUALIZACIJOS IR TAUTINĖ SĄMONĖ NUO IKIMODERNIŲJŲ LAIKŲ IKI GLOBALIZACIJOS EPOCHOS
Authors: Kovács Gábor
Published: July 2014

National consciousness, under modern circumstances, takes shape as a picture of a territorial unity, encircled by a contiguous red borderline on the political map, in social imaginary. The map delineating a portion of a geographical territory fenced off from other territories is a typical modern pictorial representation of national community. Modern nation, as it has been described by Benedict Anderson in his seminal book, is an imagined community. Visual imagination construing mental pictures of respective community, of course, was alive in archaic times but the pictorial representation of community was personified; it was embodied in rulers. The geographical image of a political unit was indistinct. What happens to the modern mental image of nation as a territorial unit in the age of globalization? It was a widely shared conviction, in the enthusiastic mood of the 1990s, according to which the image of Net was going to prevail the image of territory in national fancy. Having seen the events of the latest decade this optimism seems to be hasty; a hybrid mental image of nation has been emerging in national consciousness blending archaic, modern and postmodern elements. Moderniomis aplinkybėmis socialinėje vaizduotėje tautinė sąmonė susiformavo kaip teritorinės vienybės vaizdas, politiniame žemėlapyje supamas gretimų sienų. Žemėlapiui, atvaizduojančiam geografinės teritorijos dalį, atitvertą nuo kitų teritorijų, būdinga moderni tautinės bendruomenės reprezentacija. Moderni tauta, kaip savo produktyvioje knygoje aprašo Benedictas Andersonas, yra vaizdijama bendruomenė. Žinoma, vizuali vaizduotė, reikalavusi mentalinių atitinkamos bendruomenės vaizdų, gyvavo senovėje, tačiau vaizdinė bendruomenės reprezentacija buvo personifikuota; ją įkūnijo valdovai. Politinio vieneto geografijos atvaizdas buvo neaiškus. Kas globalizacijos epochoje nutinka moderniam mentaliniam tautos kaip teritorinio vieneto atvaizdui? Tai buvo plačiai paplitęs įsitikinimas. XX a. dešimtajame dešimtmetyje vyraujant entuziastingai nuotaikai, jos sąlygomis interneto tautinėje vaizduotėje tinklo atvaizdas grasino nurungti teritorijos atvaizdą. Regint pastarojo dešimtmečio įvykius, šiam optimizmui, rodos, nesama pagrindo. Mišrus mentalinis tautos atvaizdas iškilo tautinėje sąmonėje ir suliejo jo senųjų, moderniųjų ir postmoderniųjų laikų sudėtines dalis.
COMMUNITY ART INITIATIVES AS A FORM OF PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH: THE CASE OF STREET MOSAIC WORKSHOP / BENDRUOMENINIO MENO INICIATYVOS KAIP DALYVAUJAMOJO TYRIMO FORMA: GATVĖS MOZAIKOS DIRBTUVIŲ ATVEJIS
Authors: Lavrinec Jekaterina
Published: July 2014

The paper examines the potential of community art projects as a participatory research method and as a tool for neighbourhood regeneration. A thematisation of everyday micro-processes, which takes place in contemporary urban studies, involves the question about the research tactics, sensitive for urban details and micro-processes, bodily and emotional experiences, the experience of togetherness and the emerging networks of trust and mutual help. By recognising a sensitivity, flexibility and productivity of various art forms used as the research tactics and for the articulation of findings, the urban researchers enrich their toolbox with an “arts-based approach” as an integrated part of participatory action research. This paper explores a case of a community art initiative, developed in the wooden neighbourhood of Snipiskes (Šnipiškės, in Lithuanian) by the residents and a Vilnius-based interdisciplinary group “Laimikis.lt”, which has been working as researchers and art-activists in the neighbourhood since 2012. The community art initiative “Street Mosaic Workshop” works both as an informal communication platform and as an artistic micro-tool for revitalisation of the neighbourhood. Straipsnyje analizuojamas bendruomeninio meno projektų potencialas, organizuojant dalyvaujamąjį meninį tyrimą ir regeneruojant viešąsias kaimynijų erdves. Šiuolaikinėse miesto studijose įvykęs kasdienių procesų tematizavimas įtraukia klausimą apie tyrimo taktikas, jautrias urbanistiniams mikroprocesams ir aplinkos detalėms, taip pat kūniškai bei emocinei patirčiai, bendrabūvio (angl. togetherness) patirčiai ir besiformuojantiems socialiniams ryšiams (pvz., pasitikėjimo tinklams). Atpažindami įvairių meno formų jautrumą minėtųjų miesto gyvenimo aspektų atžvilgiu ir efektyvumą, organizuojant tyrimo lauką bei lankstumą, formuluojant tyrimų rezultatus, miesto tyrinėtojai praplečia savo metodų diapazoną. Šiame straipsnyje susitelkiama ties „meniniu tyrimu“ (angl. arts-based research), kaip integralia „dalyvaujamojo tyrimo“ (angl. participatory research) dalimi. Bendruomeniniai meno projektai šiame straipsnyje pasitelkiami kaip šio tyrimo forma, taip pat atskleidžiamas jų poveikis kaimynijos regeneracijai. Kaip atvejis analizuojama „Gatvės mozaikos dirbtuvių“ iniciatyva, kurią nuo 2012 m. Šnipiškių medinėje kaimynijoje vysto skirtingo amžiaus vietos gyventojai kartu su kūrybine miesto tyrimų ir meninių intervencijų grupe „Laimikis.lt“. Atskleidžiama, kad bendruomeninė meno iniciatyva tarnauja ir kaip neformalios komunikacijos platforma, ir kaip meninis kaimynijos studijų bei gaivinimo įrankis.
Adipose Depots, Not Disease-related Factors, Account for Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity in Established and Treated Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: AbouAssi Hiba , Tune K. Noelle , Gilmore Brian , Bateman Lori A. , McDaniel Gary , Muehlbauer Michael , Huebner Janet L. , Hoenig Helen M. , Kraus Virginia B. , St. Clair E. William , Kraus William E. , Huffman Kim M.
Published: July 2014

Objective.

In prior reports, individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) exhibited increased insulin resistance. However, those studies were limited by either suboptimal assessment methods for insulin sensitivity or a failure to account for important determinants such as adiposity and lack of physical activity. Our objectives were to carefully assess, compare, and determine predictors of skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in RA, accounting for adiposity and physical activity.

Methods.

Thirty-nine individuals with established (seropositive or erosions) and treated RA and 39 controls matched for age, sex, race, body mass index, and physical activity underwent a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test to determine insulin sensitivity. Inflammation, body composition, and physical activity were assessed with systemic cytokine measurements, computed tomography scans, and accelerometry, respectively. Exclusions were diabetes, cardiovascular disease, medication changes within 3 months, and prednisone use over 5 mg/day. This investigation was powered to detect a clinically significant, moderate effect size for insulin sensitivity difference.

Results.

Despite elevated systemic inflammation [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α; p < 0.05 for all], persons with RA were not less insulin sensitive [SIgeometric mean (SD): RA 4.0 (2.4) vs control 4.9 (2.1)*10−5min−1/(pmol/l); p = 0.39]. Except for visceral adiposity being slightly greater in controls (p = 0.03), there were no differences in body composition or physical activity. Lower insulin sensitivity was independently associated with increased abdominal and thigh adiposity, but not with cytokines, disease activity, duration, disability, or disease-modifying medication use.

Conclusion.

In established and treated RA, traditional risk factors, specifically excess adiposity, play more of a role in predicting skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity than do systemic inflammation or other disease-related factors.
Communautarisme en Syrie : lorsque le mythe devient réalité
Authors: Balanche Fabrice
Published: July 2014

Plus le conflit se prolonge et plus la population syrienne se replie sur les structures traditionnelles que sont le clan et la communauté. La défense de la communauté et du clan prime sur les idéologies et les revendications politiques. Les minorités confessionnelles (20 % de la population) soutiennent globalement le régime car leur survie est menacée, en particulier la communauté alaouite qui a beaucoup à perdre. L’opposition armée au régime provient des classes populaires arabes sunnites (65 % de la population), quand la bourgeoisie demeure fidèle au régime. Quant aux Kurdes (15 % de la population), ils travaillent à la construction d’une région autonome, préférant un Bachar el Assad affaibli à une domination arabe sunnite forte. Les minorités confessionnelles et les Kurdes ne croient pas aux promesses de l’opposition de garantir leurs droits. Certes, les minorités, comme tous les Syriens, souhaitent des réformes démocratiques en Syrie, mais pas au prix de leur marginalisation, voire de leur élimination.
Programmes d'échange de seringues en milieu pénitentiaire. Revue internationale des expériences
Authors: Obradovic Ivana
Published: July 2014

Depuis la première initiative en Suisse en 1992, une quinzaine de pays, tous situés en Europe et en Asie centrale, ont expérimenté, de façon plus ou moins durable, des programmes d’échange de seringues en prison (PES). On ne compte pourtant que neuf pays où la possibilité d’accéder à un PES existe aujourd’hui en prison, dix fois moins qu’en milieu libre. Cet article retrace les contextes nationaux de mise en place de cet outil de réduction des risques, les modes d’intervention développés dans les différents pays et les évaluations dont ces programmes ont fait l’objet. Le bilan positif des PES en Europe suggère que des dispositifs similaires pourraient être bénéfiques dans des établissements fermés où le taux d’usagers injecteurs est élevé.
La drogue à la maison : quand parents et enfants consomment « en chœur »
Authors: Monge Julia
Published: July 2014

Cette étude questionne les modalités de socialisation de l’adolescent au sein du domicile familial lorsque celui-ci consomme du cannabis avec ses parents. Elle s’appuie sur la rencontre de familles usagères dans le cadre d’une observation participante entre 2004 et 2007 dans l’Aude, ainsi que sur un corpus de témoignages recueillis lors d’entretiens informels tenus à Montpellier depuis 2009. L’analyse de ces matériaux au spectre de la psychanalyse révèle des liens entre types d’usage et statut des limites dans la structure familiale conduisant à certaines subtilités dans la manière d’appréhender la socialisation. Elle permet par ailleurs de constater et d’interroger l’absence de données bibliographiques quant à une pratique qui pourtant mériterait de retenir notre attention.
Using Social Media to Share the Death Experience: Discussion Points
Authors: Billingsley Luanne , Currie Paula S.
Published: July 2014

Poignant tweets by a well-known journalist led to a national conversation about publicly sharing the death experience. The purpose of this column is to set the stage for a broader discussion among health care providers to understand the perceived benefits and related challenges of using social media to share the death experience.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(10):435–436.
The Flipped Classroom for Professional Development: Part I. Benefits and Strategies
Authors: McDonald Katie , Smith Charlene M.
Published: July 2014

Individualizing the educational encounter is supported by flipping the classroom experience. This column offers an overview and describes the benefits of flipping the classroom. Part II will explore the practicalities and pedagogy of lecture capture using podcasts and videos, a technology strategy used in flipping the classroom.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(10):437–438.
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted MyoRing Implantation in Postoperative LASIK Ectasia
Authors: Jabbarvand Mahmoud , Hashemian Mohammadnaser , Hashemian Hesam , Bazvand Fatemeh , Khodaparast Mehdi
Published: July 2014

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the effect of MyoRing implantations (DIOPTEX GmbH, Linz, Austria) in patients with ectasia after LASIK.

METHODS:

MyoRing implantation was performed in 15 eyes of 14 patients with ectasia after LASIK using a femtosecond laser. Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity, refraction, keratometry, central corneal thickness, corneal biomechanical profile, and corneal aberrometry were evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively.

RESULTS:

Uncorrected distance visual acuity (1.02 ± 0.48 to 0.30 ± 0.18 logMAR), maximum keratometry (50.14 ± 1.82 to 43.80 ± 1.21 diopters), and sphere (−4.4 ± 4.8 to +1.50 ± 0.61 diopters) were significantly improved from preoperative values at 1 month after surgery with no significant change afterward. Corrected distance visual acuity did not improve significantly 1 month after implantation, but between the 1- and 3-month follow-up visits, a significant improvement (0.30 ± 0.1 to 0.17 ± 0.13 logMAR) was observed without any additional improvement thereafter. A nearly significant (
P
= .05) increase in central corneal thickness (439.4 ± 19 to 452.2 ± 20
μ
m) was observed during the 1-month postoperative period. Primary coma, higher-order aberrations, and trefoil showed an insignificant decrease 1 month after surgery and afterward. Spherical aberration significantly increased between the preoperative visit and the first postoperative visit. Corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor showed no significant change between visits.

CONCLUSIONS:

MyoRing is a safe and effective method in patients with ectasia after LASIK. It can improve corrected distance visual acuity and reduce refractive error in these patients.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(7):462–466.]
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Astigmatic Keratotomy for Postoperative Trabeculectomy-Induced Corneal Astigmatism
Authors: Kankariya Vardhaman P. , Diakonis Vasilios F. , Goldberg Jeffrey L. , Kymionis George D. , Yoo Sonia H.
Published: July 2014

PURPOSE:

To describe a case of postoperative trabeculectomy-induced corneal astigmatism treated with femtosecond laser-assisted astigmatic keratotomy.

METHODS:

After trabeculectomy, the patient demonstrated change in manifest refraction from −0.5 diopters preoperatively to mixed astigmatism of −3.5 + 5.25@100 postoperatively and a decrease in uncorrected distance visual acuity from 20/60 preoperatively to 20/200 at 1 month postoperatively. Because the patient was intolerant to spectacle use, she underwent femtosecond laser-assisted astigmatic keratotomy.

RESULTS:

After astigmatic keratotomy there was improvement in corneal topographic astigmatism from 4.15 to 0.81 diopters with uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/60
−2
and manifest refraction of −0.75 + 1.0@90 at 3 months postoperatively. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications.

CONCLUSIONS:

Femtosecond laser-assisted astigmatic keratotomy may be considered in eyes with postoperative trabeculectomy-induced mixed astigmatism.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(7):502–504.]
Visual Outcomes of Eyes Implanted With a Toric Multifocal Intraocular Lens
Authors: Crema Armando S. , Walsh Aileen , Ventura Bruna V. , Santhiago Marcony R.
Published: July 2014

PURPOSE:

To investigate the predictability, efficacy, and safety of a ReSTOR multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX).

METHODS:

This retrospective, noncomparative case study included 70 eyes of 44 patients implanted with a ReSTOR toric multifocal IOL (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX). Patients were examined preoperatively and approximately 3 months postoperatively. Uncorrected and distance-corrected distance and near visual acuities were measured. Refractive and topographic astigmatism were recorded. Improvement, number of lines gained and lost, and correlation of attempted and achieved astigmatic correction values were also investigated as measurements of efficacy, safety, and predictability.

RESULTS:

Mean follow-up time was 2.3 ± 1.2 months. Postoperative values of uncorrected distance and near visual acuity were 0.02 ± 0.05 logMAR (20/21 ± 20/22 Snellen) and 0.01 ± 0.04 logMAR (20/20 ± 20/22 Snellen), respectively. Statistical analyses revealed a significant improvement when comparing preoperative and postoperative values of manifest refraction spherical equivalent (
P
< .0001), uncorrected distance visual acuity (
P
< .0001), and astigmatism (
P
< .0001); 95.7% of eyes were 20/25 or better and 100% of eyes were 20/30 or better. At the last follow-up visit, none of the examined eyes had lost any lines. One hundred percent of the eyes remained unchanged or improved after surgery. Mean postoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent was −0.06 ± 0.27 at the last follow-up visit. The residual manifest astigmatism was 0.22 ± 0.21. There was a highly significant correlation between preoperative attempted topographic astigmatism and postoperative achieved refractive astigmatism.

CONCLUSIONS:

The study provides clinical evidence that the new toric multifocal IOL seems to be predictable, safe, and effective, providing satisfactory visual acuity for far and near and correcting astigmatism.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(7):486–491.]
Being Mexican : Identity, Location, and Rosa Nissán(III)
Authors: Eli Gardner Nathanial
Published: July 2014

Being Mexican is the first book-length attempt to understand the narrative of the Mexican writer Rosa Nissán. Its focus are her first two novels, Novia que te vea and Hisho que te nazca, which are coming-of-age narratives in which the protagonist, Oshinica, attempts to understand her family and community as she grows up during the prosperious years of the Mexican Miracle and the changing society found in Mexico in the 1960s and 1970s. After setting down the groundwork for this study in the first installment, these next two -included in this edition of Amerika- focus on different aspects of male and female identity. While Oshinica forges her identity she does so in several spaces, both public and private. These next two sections analize the public: education and work as well as the private spaces: the home and the sacred, with the purpose of identifying the forces that work to create an identity for the protagonist. The analysis reveals the tensions created as the protagonist tries to resolve the conflict between self and famiily, between the mainstream and the marginal, and between the traditional and the modern; asking important questions regarding how identity is formed and how the spaces one inhabits exercise control over their identity.
Un testimonio a múltiples voces. La rendición de los malbalaes según la Descripción Corográfica del Gran Chaco Gualamba, de Pedro Lozano
Authors: Vitar Beatriz
Published: July 2014

A través del análisis de un fragmento de la crónica de Pedro Lozano, referida a la campaña del ejército colonial en las fronteras del Chaco en 1710, se trata de reflexionar sobre la producción de una fuente “indígena” en un contexto de guerra e interacciones fronterizas. El relato de Lozano sobre las capitulaciones celebradas entre los malbalaes y las huestes coloniales, reproduce una breve frase, escrita por el “cacique” del grupo, por la que este anunciaba su oferta de paz. A lo largo de estas notas, introducimos varios planteamientos que nos llevan a adelantar una primera conclusión: el carácter singular de la fuente, en la que se mezclan tradiciones hispánicas y la agencia indígena. En este sentido, el escrito del cacique puede ser considerado como resultado de los intercambios hispano-indígenas en las fronteras.
Breve relación de las misiones de la Patagonia hecho el 29 setiembre de 1887. El militarismo patagónico. El General Villegas por el salesiano Antonio Ricardi
Authors: Nicoletti María Andrea , Fresia Iván Ariel
Published: July 2014

El documento “Breve relación de las misiones de la Patagonia” de 1887, también ha sido denominado por su autor, el salesiano Antonio Ricardi, como “El militarismo patagónico”. El manuscrito da cuenta de los aberrantes hechos de violencia por parte del ejército argentino entre 1879 y 1883 contra los pueblos originarios de la Patagonia. En este texto, Ricardi acusa al ejército y especialmente al General Villegas de imponer en el territorio patagónico lo que él denomina “militarismo”, es decir, un comportamiento inmoral, impío y anticlerical, que impidió, según su juicio, la conversión de los habitantes y la tarea evangelizadora de la Congregación Salesiana. Utiliza los términos “barbarie y civilización”, identificando al primero con las acciones del ejército y al segundo con la evangelización salesiana, a la que concibe como fuente de la “verdadera civilización”. Los hechos que ilustran las acciones violentas del ejército contra los pueblos originarios y las actitudes difamatorias de los militares contra los miembros de la Congregación, han sido relatados de forma homogénea sin diferenciaciones por su gravedad. Esta selección de sucesos está orientada en el documento a ilustrar quiénes son lo que impiden la tarea “evangelizadora y civilizadora” con los indígenas de la Patagonia.
Historia, Etnicidad y Memoria: el proceso de conformación de la identidad indígena en la tribu amiga de Los Toldos (provincia de Buenos Aires)
Authors: Jong Ingrid de
Published: July 2014

Centrada en la reconstrucción de la trayectoria histórica de la Tribu de Coliqueo en Los Toldos esta tesis pretende aportar al conocimiento de los procesos de conformación de la identidad indígena entre los “indios amigos” que se asentaron en la frontera bonaerense a mediados del siglo XIX en relación a los condicionamientos que el marco socioeconómico pampeano planteó a estos grupos con posterioridad a la “Conquista del Desierto” y a lo largo del último siglo. En este sentido, el análisis se dirigió tanto hacia “el discurso sobre la historia” contenido en las configuraciones de memoria sobre la historia local como hacia “la historia del discurso”, es decir, hacia la reconstrucción de los contextos históricos en que se fueron conformando los límites y sentidos en relación a la diferencia “indígena” y su relación con lo “nacional”, apuntando a encontrar los nexos entre los rasgos del contexto socioeconómico pampeano, las prácticas simbólicas y materiales que articularon las relaciones interétnicas y las formas que adquieren las expresiones y representaciones sobre la identidad y la historia entre las poblaciones indígenas. Concluimos que las recientes expresiones que disputan las representaciones dominantes de la historia local se encuentran vinculadas al impacto de la pérdida del vínculo con la tierra acentuada por los factores que precipitan la migración rural urbana, la nueva realidad común dada por su inserción en barrios periféricos de Los Toldos y la inestabilidad laboral derivada del curso de la economía nacional en la década de 1990, dimensiones que conforman el escenario para una nueva percepción de la situación del conjunto indígena y de su trayectoria histórica.
Application Portfolio Management in Hospitals
Authors: van Angeren Joey , Blijleven Vincent , Batenburg Ronald
Published: July 2014

Application portfolio management concerns the management of all technology and applications, and is a complex task under pressure of increasing collaboration among hospitals. Various approaches to application portfolio management are described in existing literature, but are directed at commercial enterprises rather than health care organizations. Addressing this deficiency, this article presents the results of three case studies conducted at Dutch hospitals surveying current application portfolio management processes. Results show differences between the three hospitals. One hospital implemented a continuous application portfolio management process. The other hospitals perform ad-hoc IT management due to, among others, lacking support from management, decentralized IT governance structures and an increasing need for technical integration. This article can assist IT executives in making better informed decisions, while it provides a step towards a better understanding of the complex application portfolio management process in hospitals for academia.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Residential Soils and Their Health Risk and Hazard in An Industrial City in India
Authors: Kumar Bhupander , Verma Virendra Kumar , Singh Satish Kumar , Kumar Sanjay , Sharma Chandra Shekhar , Akolkar Avinash B.
Published: July 2014

Background

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have never been produced in India, but were used in industrial applications. PCBs have been detected in environmental samples since 1966, and their sources in soils come from depositions of industrial applications, incinerators and biomass combustions. PCBs adsorb to soil particles and persist for long time due to their properties. Their close proximity may also lead to human exposure through ingestion, inhalation, dermal contact, and may exert neurotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic health effects.

Design and Methods

Residential soil from Korba, India, was extracted using pressurized liquid extraction procedure, cleaned on modified silica and quantified for PCBs. Soil ingestion was considered as the main exposure pathways of life-long intake of PCBs. Human health risk in terms of life time average daily dose, incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and non-cancer hazard quotient (HQ) were estimated using established guidelines.

Results

The estimated average ILCR from non dioxin like PCBs for human adults and children was 3.1×10–8 and 1.1×10–7, respectively. ILCR from dioxin like PCBs for human adults and children was 3.1×10–6 and 1.1×10–5, respectively. The HQ for PCBs was 6.3×10–4 and 2.2×10–3, respectively for human adults and children. Study observed that ILCR from non dioxin like PCBs was lower than acceptable guideline range of 10–6-10–4, and ILCR from dioxin like PCBs was within the limit. HQ was lower than safe limit of 1.

Conclusions

Study concluded that human population residing in Korba had low health risk due to PCBs in residential soils.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL OVERVIEW OF HODGKIN LYMPHOMA ACROSS THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN
Authors: Salati Massimiliano , Cesaretti Marina , Macchia Matteo , El Mistiri Mufid , Federico Massimo
Published: July 2014

Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon neoplasm of B-cell origin with an incidence that varies significantly by age, sex, ethnicity, geographic location and socioeconomic status. This complex pattern was also found to be replicated among Mediterranean basin populations. HL incidence rates progressively decreased from industrialized European countries such as France (ASR=2.61) and Italy (ASR=2.39) to less developed nations such as Albania (ASR=1.34) and Bosnia Herzegovina (ASR=1.1). Regarding HL mortality we have found that countries with the lowest incidence rates show the highest number of deaths from this cancer and viceversa. Finally, a wide gap in terms of survival was showed across the Mediterranean basin with survival rates ranged from 82.3% and 85.1% among Italian men and women, to 53.3 % and 59.3% among Libyan men and women, respectively. Factors such as the degree of socio-economic development, the exposure to risk factors westernization-related, the availability of diagnostic practices along with different genetic susceptibilities to HL may explain its variation across Mediterranean countries. Furthermore, the lack of health resources decisively contribute to the poor prognosis recorded in less developed region. In the future, the introduction of appropriate and accessible treatment facilities along with an adequate number of clinical specialists in the treatment of HL and other cancers are warranted in order to improve the outcomes of affected patients and treat a largely curable type of cancer in disadvantaged regions.
A case of iron deficiency anemia with co-existing Hb Fontainebleau.
Authors: Purohit Abhishek HL , Aggarwal Mukul , Colah Roshan B , Nadkarni Anita H , Pati Hara P
Published: July 2014

Hb Fontainebleaue is a rare alpha chain variant in the Indian population which generates an unknown peak on hemoglobin HPLC study and does cause diagnostic difficulty to those who are not acquainted with this entity. We present a case of Hb Fontainebleau, an eighteen year old patient who presented with symptoms related to anemia to our department and unknown peak observed in HPLC plots lead us to family study and molecular characterization for this case.
Blow-Up Solutions and Global Existence for a Kind of Quasilinear Reaction-Diffusion Equations
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Zhang Na , Li Lixiang
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we study the blow-up solutions and global existence for a quasilinear reaction-diffusion equation including a gradient term and nonlinear boundary condition:

\left\{ \begin{alignedat}{2}
(g(u))_{t}&=\nabla\cdot(a(u)\nabla u)+f(x,u,|\nabla u|^{2},t)&\quad &\text{in} \ D\times(0,T)\\ \displaystyle \tfrac{\partial u}{\partial n}&=r(u)& &\rm{on} \ \partial D\times(0,T)\\
u(x,0)&=u_{0}(x)>0& &\rm{in} \ \overline{D},
\end{alignedat} \right.

where

D\subset R^{N}

is a bounded domain with smooth boundary

\partial D

. The sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of a global solution and a blow-up solution. An upper bound for the “blow-up time”, an upper estimate of the “blow-up rate”, and an upper estimate of the global solution are specified under some appropriate assumptions for the nonlinear system functions

f, g, r,a

, and initial value

u_{0}

by constructing suitable auxiliary functions and using maximum principles.
Asymptotic Behaviour of Solutions for $p$-Laplacian Wave Equation with $m$-Laplacian Dissipation
Authors: Mokeddem Soufiane , Mansour Khaled Ben Walid
Published: July 2014

In this paper we study decay properties of solutions to the

p

-Laplacian wave equation with

m

-Laplacian weak dissipation and source term. Meanwhile, we investigate the decay estimate of the energy of the global solutions to this problem by using a different inequalities.
Topological Persistence of the Unit Eigenvectors of a Perturbed Fredholm Operator of Index Zero
Authors: Chiappinelli Raffaele , Furi Massimo , Pera Maria Patrizia
Published: July 2014

Let

A,C\colon E \to F

be two bounded linear operators between real Banach spaces, and denote by

S

the unit sphere of

E

(or, more generally, let

S = g^{-1}(1)

, where

g

is any continuous norm in

E

). Assume that

\mu_0

is an eigenvalue of the problem

Ax = \mu Cx

, that the operator

L = A - \mu_0 C

is Fredholm of index zero, and that

C

satisfies the transversality condition

\operatorname{Img}\, L + C(\operatorname{Ker} L) = F

, which implies that the eigenvalue

\mu_0

is isolated (and when

F=E

and

C

is the identity implies that the geometric and the algebraic multiplicities of

\mu_0

coincide).

We prove the following result about the persistence of the unit eigenvectors: Given an arbitrary

C^1

map

M \colon E \to F

, if the (geometric) multiplicity of

\mu_0

is odd, then for any real

\varepsilon

sufficiently small there exists

x_\varepsilon \in S

and

\mu_\varepsilon

near

\mu_0

such that

Ax_\varepsilon + \varepsilon M(x_\varepsilon) = \mu_\varepsilon Cx_\varepsilon.

This result extends a previous one by the authors in which

E

is a real Hilbert space,

F=E

,

A

is selfadjoint and

C

is the identity. We provide an example showing that the assumption that the multiplicity of

\mu_0

is odd cannot be removed.
Chemistry of new particle growth in mixed urban and biogenic emissions – insights from CARES
Authors: Setyan A. , Song C. , Merkel M. , Knighton W. B. , Onasch T. B. , Canagaratna M. R. , Worsnop D. R. , Wiedensohler A. , Shilling J. E. , Zhang Q.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Regional new particle formation and growth events (NPEs) were observed on most days over the Sacramento and western Sierra foothills area of California in June 2010 during the Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effect Study (CARES). Simultaneous particle measurements at both the T0 (Sacramento, urban site) and the T1 (Cool, rural site located ~40 km northeast of Sacramento) sites of CARES indicate that the NPEs usually occurred in the morning with the appearance of an ultrafine mode at ~15 nm (in mobility diameter, Dm, measured by a mobility particle size spectrometer operating in the range 10-858 nm) followed by the growth of this modal diameter to ~50 nm in the afternoon. These events were generally associated with southwesterly winds bringing urban plumes from Sacramento to the T1 site. The growth rate was on average higher at T0 (7.1 ± 2.7 nm h−1) than at T1 (6.2 ± 2.5 nm h−1), likely due to stronger anthropogenic influences at T0. Using a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), we investigated the evolution of the size-resolved chemical composition of new particles at T1. Our results indicate that the growth of new particles was driven primarily by the condensation of oxygenated organic species and, to a lesser extent, ammonium sulfate. New particles appear to be fully neutralized during growth, consistent with high NH3 concentration in the region. Nitrogen-containing organic ions (i.e., CHN+, CH4N+, C2H3N+, and C2H4N+) that are indicative of the presence of alkyl-amine species in submicrometer particles enhanced significantly during the NPE days, suggesting that amines might have played a role in these events. Our results also indicate that the bulk composition of the ultrafine mode organics during NPEs was very similar to that of anthropogenically influenced secondary organic aerosol (SOA) observed in transported urban plumes. In addition, the concentrations of species representative of urban emissions (e.g., black carbon, CO, NOx, and toluene) were significantly higher whereas the photo-oxidation products of biogenic VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and the biogenically influenced SOA also increased moderately during the NPE days compared to the non-event days. These results indicate that the frequently occurring NPEs over the Sacramento and Sierra Nevada regions were mainly driven by urban plumes from Sacramento and the San Francisco Bay Area, and that the interaction of regional biogenic emissions with the urban plumes has enhanced the new particle growth. This finding has important implications for quantifying the climate impacts of NPEs on global scale.
From emissions to ambient mixing ratios: online seasonal field measurements of volatile organic compounds over a Norway spruce-dominated forest in central Germany
Authors: Bourtsoukidis E. , Williams J. , Kesselmeier J. , Jacobi S. , Bonn B.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are substantial contributors to atmospheric chemistry and physics and demonstrate the close relationship between biosphere and atmosphere. Their emission rates are highly sensitive to meteorological and environmental changes with concomitant impacts on atmospheric chemistry. We have investigated seasonal isoprenoid and oxygenated VOC (oxVOC) fluxes from a Norway spruce (Picea abies) tree in central Germany and explored the emission responses under various atmospheric conditions. Emission rates were quantified by using dynamic branch enclosure and proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) techniques. Additionally, ambient mixing ratios were derived through application of a new box model treatment on the dynamic chamber measurements. These are compared in terms of abundance and origin with the corresponding emissions. Isoprenoids dominate the BVOC emissions from Norway spruce, with monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes accounting for 50.8 ± 7.2% and 19.8 ± 8.1% respectively of the total emissions. Normalizing the VOC emission rates, we have observed a trend of reduction of carbon-containing emissions from April to November, with an enhancement of oxVOC. Highest emission rates were observed in June for all measured species, with the exception of sesquiterpenes, which were emitted most strongly in April. Finally, we evaluate the temperature-dependent algorithm that seems to describe the temperature-dependent emissions of methanol, acetaldehyde and monoterpenes but only with the use of the monthly derived values for emission potential, Es, and temperature dependency, β factor.
The impact of monoaromatic hydrocarbons on OH reactivity in the coastal UK boundary layer and free troposphere
Authors: Lidster R. T. , Hamilton J. F. , Lee J. D. , Lewis A. C. , Hopkins J. R. , Punjabi S. , Rickard A. R. , Young J. C.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Reaction with the hydroxyl radical (OH) is the dominant removal mechanism for virtually all volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere; however, it can be difficult to reconcile measured OH reactivity with known sinks. Unresolved higher molecular weight VOCs contribute to OH sinks, of which monoaromatics are potentially an important sub-class. A method based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS) has been developed that extends the degree with which larger VOCs can be individually speciated from whole air samples (WAS). The technique showed excellent sensitivity, resolution and good agreement with an established gas chromatography–flame ionisation (GC-FID) method, for compounds amenable to analysis on both instruments. Measurements have been made of VOCs within the UK east coast marine boundary layer and free troposphere, using samples collected from five aircraft flights in winter 2011. Ten monoaromatic compounds with an array of different alkyl ring substituents have been quantified, in addition to the simple aromatics, benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and Σm- and p-xylene. These additional compounds were then included in constrained box model simulations of atmospheric chemistry occurring at two UK rural and suburban field sites in order to assess the potential impact of these larger monoaromatics species on OH reactivity; they have been calculated to contribute an additional 2–6% to the overall modelled OH loss rate, providing a maximum additional OH sink of ~0.9 s−1.
Effects of preexisting ice crystals on cirrus clouds and comparison between different ice nucleation parameterizations with the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5)
Authors: Shi X. , Liu X. , Zhang K.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. In order to improve the treatment of ice nucleation in a more realistic manner in the Community Atmospheric Model version 5.3 (CAM5.3), the effects of preexisting ice crystals on ice nucleation in cirrus clouds are considered. In addition, by considering the in-cloud variability in ice saturation ratio, homogeneous nucleation takes place spatially only in a portion of cirrus cloud rather than in the whole area of cirrus cloud. With these improvements, the two unphysical limiters used in the representation of ice nucleation are removed. Compared to observations, the ice number concentrations and the probability distributions of ice number concentration are both improved with the updated treatment. The preexisting ice crystals significantly reduce ice number concentrations in cirrus clouds, especially at mid- to high latitudes in the upper troposphere (by a factor of ~10). Furthermore, the contribution of heterogeneous ice nucleation to cirrus ice crystal number increases considerably. Besides the default ice nucleation parameterization of Liu and Penner (2005, hereafter LP) in CAM5.3, two other ice nucleation parameterizations of Barahona and Nenes (2009, hereafter BN) and Kärcher et al. (2006, hereafter KL) are implemented in CAM5.3 for the comparison. In-cloud ice crystal number concentration, percentage contribution from heterogeneous ice nucleation to total ice crystal number, and preexisting ice effects simulated by the three ice nucleation parameterizations have similar patterns in the simulations with present-day aerosol emissions. However, the change (present-day minus pre-industrial times) in global annual mean column ice number concentration from the KL parameterization (3.24 × 106 m−2) is obviously less than that from the LP (8.46 × 106 m−2) and BN (5.62 × 106 m−2) parameterizations. As a result, experiment using the KL parameterization predicts a much smaller anthropogenic aerosol longwave indirect forcing (0.24 W m−2) than that using the LP (0.46 W m−2) and BN (0.39 W m−2) parameterizations.
Reevaluation of stratospheric ozone trends from SAGE II data using a simultaneous temporal and spatial analysis
Authors: Damadeo R. P. , Zawodny J. M. , Thomason L. W.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. This paper details a new method of regression for sparsely sampled data sets for use with time-series analysis, in particular the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II ozone data set. Non-uniform spatial, temporal, and diurnal sampling present in the data set result in biased values for the long-term trend if not accounted for. This new method is performed close to the native resolution of measurements and is a simultaneous temporal and spatial analysis that accounts for any potential diurnal variation. Results show declines in ozone similar to other studies but very different trends in the recovery period. The regression model allows for a variable turnaround time and reveals a~hemispheric asymmetry in the middle to upper stratosphere. Similar methodology is also applied to SAGE II aerosol optical depth data to create a new volcanic proxy that covers the SAGE II mission period. Ultimately this technique may be extensible towards the inclusion of multiple data sets without the need for homogenization.
Modelling of gaseous dimethylamine in the global atmosphere: impacts of oxidation and aerosol uptake
Authors: Yu F. , Luo G.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Recent laboratory studies indicate that while a dimethylamine concentration ([DMA]) of several pptv can substantially enhance nucleation rates, such an enhancement drops significantly as [DMA] decreases below a few pptv. Here we study global distributions of amines with a chemistry transport model. DMA's lifetime is quite short (1–2 h in some regions) due to aerosol uptake and oxidation. Aerosol uptake is important over regions of high anthropogenic emissions, while the decrease of the uptake coefficient (γ) from 0.03 to 0.001 in these regions increases the modeled amine concentrations by a factor of ~5. Further decrease of γ from 0.001 to 0 has a small (<10%) effect on the predicted amine concentrations. With the estimated global emission flux, from the reference, our simulations indicate that [DMA] in the surface layer is generally less than 1 pptv over major continents and below 0.1 pptv over oceans, decreasing quickly with altitude. Total concentrations of methylamines are about one order of magnitude higher than that of DMA. A comparison of simulated and observed [DMA] shows that the values of the simulated [DMA] are close to the measured values for the various urban sites but are substantially lower (by 1–2 orders of magnitude) than those measured at the rural, coastal, and marine sites.
Analysing the spatio-temporal impacts of the 2003 and 2010 extreme heatwaves on plant productivity in Europe
Authors: Bastos A. , Gouveia C. M. , Trigo R. M. , Running S. W.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. In the last decade, Europe has been stricken by two outstanding heatwaves, the 2003 event in western Europe and the 2010 episode over Russia. Both events were characterized by record-breaking temperatures and widespread socio-economic impacts, including significant increments on human mortality, decreases in crop yields and in hydroelectric production. Previous works have shown that an extreme climatic event does not always imply an extreme response by ecosystems. This work attempts to assess how extreme was the vegetation response to the heatwaves during 2003 and 2010 in Europe, in order to quantify the impacts of the two events on carbon fluxes in plant productivity and to identify the physical drivers of the observed response. Heatwave impacts in vegetation productivity were analysed using MODIS products from 2000 to 2011. Both 2003 and 2010 events led to marked decreases in plant productivity, well below the climatological range of variability, with carbon uptake by vegetation during August reaching negative anomalies of more than 2 standard deviations, although the 2010 event affected a much larger extent. A differentiated response in autotrophic respiration was observed, depending on land-cover types, with forests increasing respiration rates in response to the heatwaves, while in crops respiration rates decreased. The widespread decrease in carbon uptake matched the regions where very high temperature values were also preceded by a long period of below-average precipitation, leading to strong soil moisture deficits. In the case of the 2003 heatwave, results indicate that moisture deficits coupled with high temperatures drove the extreme response of vegetation, while for the 2010 event very high temperatures appear to be the sole driver of very low productivity.
Seasonal variations in concentration and composition of dissolved organic carbon in Tokyo Bay
Authors: Kubo A. , Yamamoto-Kawai M. , Kanda J.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Concentrations of recalcitrant and bioavailable dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and their seasonal variations were investigated at three stations in Tokyo Bay, Japan, and in two freshwater sources flowing into the bay to evaluate the significance of DOC degradation for the carbon budget in coastal waters and carbon export to the open ocean. Recalcitrant DOC (RDOC) was differentiated from bioavailable DOC (BDOC) as a remnant of DOC after 150 days of bottle incubation. On average, RDOC accounted for 78% of the total DOC in Shibaura sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent, 67% in the upper Arakawa River water, 66% in the lower Arakawa River water, and 78% in surface bay water. RDOC concentrations were higher than BDOC at all stations. In freshwater environments, RDOC concentrations were almost constant throughout the year. In the bay, RDOC was higher during spring and summer than during autumn and winter. The relative abundance of RDOC in the bay derived from phytoplankton, terrestrial, and open oceanic waters was estimated to be 9%, 33%, and 58%, respectively, by multiple regression analysis of RDOC, salinity, and chl a. In addition, comparison with previous data from 1972 revealed that concentrations of RDOC and BDOC have decreased by 33% and 74% at freshwater sites and 39% and 76% at Tokyo Bay, while the ratio of RDOC to DOC has increased. The change in DOC concentration and composition was probably due to increased amounts of sewage treatment plant effluent entering the system. Tokyo Bay exported DOC, mostly RDOC, to the open ocean because of remineralization of BDOC.