bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An intelligent cluster optimization algorithm based on Whale Optimization Algorithm for VANETs (WOACNET)
Authors: Husnain Ghassan , Anwar Shahzad
Published: April 2021

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) an important category in networking focuses on many applications, such as safety and intelligent traffic management systems. The high node mobility and sparse vehicle distribution (on the road) compromise VANETs network scalability and rapid topology, hence creating major challenges, such as network physical layout formation, unstable links to enable robust, reliable, and scalable vehicle communication, especially in a dense traffic network. This study discusses a novel optimization approach considering transmission range, node density, speed, direction, and grid size during clustering. Whale Optimization Algorithm for Clustering in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (WOACNET) was introduced to select an optimum cluster head (CH) and was calculated and evaluated based on intelligence and capability. Initially, simulations were performed, Subsequently, rigorous experimentations were conducted on WOACNET. The model was compared and evaluated with state-of-the-art well-established other methods, such as Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO) and Ant Lion Optimization (ALO) employing various performance metrics. The results demonstrate that the developed method performance is well ahead compared to other methods in VANET in terms of cluster head, varying transmission ranges, grid size, and nodes. The developed method results in achieving an overall 46% enhancement in cluster optimization and an F-value of 31.64 compared to other established methods (11.95 and 22.50) consequently, increase in cluster lifetime.
COVID-19 infection with asymptomatic or mild disease severity in young patients: Clinical course and association between prevalence of pneumonia and viral load
Authors: Kim Cherry , Kim Wooil , Jeon Ji Hoon , Seok Hyeri , Kim Sun Bean , Choi Hee Kyoung , Yoon Young Kyung , Song Joon Young , Park Dae Won , Sohn Jang Wook , Choi Won Suk
Published: April 2021

Few studies have focused on clinical courses or viral loads in young asymptomatic or mild patients with COVID-19 infection. We sought to better understand the clinical course and association between viral load and prevalence of pneumonia in young COVID-19 patients with asymptomatic or mild disease severity. In this retrospective study, 106 COVID-19 young patients with asymptomatic or mild disease severity were analyzed for clinical characteristics, clinical course, prevalence of radiologically proven pneumonia and viral load. The cut-off value of viral load for presence of pneumonia was also investigated. The mean age was 28.0±9.3 years. Eleven patients (10.4%) experienced viral remission within one week of diagnosis, but one (0.9%) transferred to the hospital due to aggravation of pneumonia. Patients with pneumonia had significantly higher viral load than those without, and the cut-off value of the Ct value for presence of pneumonia were 31.38. The patients with pneumonia had significantly slower recovery times than those without. Diarrhea was significantly more common in patients with pneumonia than patients without pneumonia. In conclusion, most young asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients showed stable clinical course. There were significant differences in viral load and recovery times between patients with and without pneumonia.
Borrelia peptidoglycan interacting Protein (BpiP) contributes to the fitness of Borrelia burgdorferi against host-derived factors and influences virulence in mouse models of Lyme disease
Authors: Chen Yue , Vargas Sean M. , Smith Trever C. , Karna Sai Lakshmi Rajasekhar , MacMackin Ingle Taylor , Wozniak Karen L. , Wormley Floyd L. , Seshu Janakiram
Published: April 2021

The Peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the Lyme disease (LD) spirochete,Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), contributes to structural and morphological integrity ofBb; is a persistent antigen in LD patients; and has a unique pentapeptide with L-Ornithine as the third amino acid that cross-links its glycan polymers. A borrelial homolog (BB_0167) interacted specifically with borrelilal PG via its peptidoglycan interacting motif (MHELSEKRARAIGNYL); was localized to the protoplasmic cylinder ofBb; and was designated asBorreliapeptidoglycaninteractingProtein (BpiP). AbpiPmutant displayed no defect underin vitrogrowth conditions with similar levels of several virulence-related proteins. However, the burden ofbpiPmutant in C3H/HeN mice at day 14, 28 and 62 post-infection was significantly lower compared to control strains. No viablebpiPmutant was re-isolated from any tissues at day 62 post-infection althoughbpiPmutant was able to colonize immunodeficient SCID at day 28 post-infection. Acquisition or transmission ofbpiPmutant byIxodes scapularislarvae or nymphs respectively, from and to mice, was significantly lower compared to control strains. Further analysis ofbpiPmutant revealed increased sensitivity to vancomycin, osmotic stress, lysosomal extracts, human antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-LL37, complement-dependent killing in the presence of day 14 post-infection mouse serum and increased internalization of CFSC-labeledbpiPmutant by macrophages and dendritic cells compared to control strains. These studies demonstrate the importance of accessory protein/s involved in sustaining integrity of PG and cell envelope during different phases ofBbinfection.
Correspondência - Carolina Michaëlis de Vasconcelos e Ricardo Jorge
Authors: Delille Maria Manuela Gouveia , Ramires Isabel João
Published: April 2021

A presente correspondência michaëliana constitui um exemplo da chamada “correspondência erudita”, que com a criação e desenvolvimento do correio postal se tornou especialmente frequente entre cientistas dos vários ramos de saber na segunda metade de século XIX e no século XX. Trata-se neste caso de uma troca epistolar no âmbito da história da literatura portuguesa, a qual, partindo da vida e obra do escritor Francisco Rodrigues Lobo, abre novas perspetivas não só quanto à época literária seiscentista na Península Ibérica, mas também em relação ao perfil humano, familiar, cultural e científico dos dois correspondentes e respetivo contexto sociopolítico, cultural e literário português nas primeiras décadas do século XX.

O epistolário aqui coligido entre uma filóloga e um médico epidemiologista, ambos celebridades a nível nacional e internacional, destaca-se ainda pelo seu caráter intercultural, revelando-se como precioso testemunho das afinidades existentes entre as Humanidades e as chamadas Ciências Exatas.
Hogyan utazzunk a COVID járvány után? = How can we travel after the COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Felkai Péter
Published: April 2021

A COVID-19 járvány lecsengésével egyidejűleg a nemzetközi utazások is elkezdődnek majd. Azonban sem az utazás megszokott formái, sem az utazók utazással kapcsolatos attitűdjei nem lesznek ugyanazok, mint járvány előtt. Mivel mindenkinek a biztonságos utazás az érdeke, a járványos megbetegedések prevenciója elsődleges fontosságúvá válik. Ennek egyetlen módja az utazás előtti egészségügyi felkészítés. Az orvosi tanácsadással az utazással összefüggő betegségek nagy része megelőzhető. A tanácsadás a COVID járvány után ki kell, hogy terjedjen a vírusfertőzés megelőzésének módjaira, illetve a biztonsági rendszabályok ismertetésére is. Azonban a biztonságos utazás és utaztatás biztosítása nem csak orvosi feladat. A megelőző intézkedések az utazási iparág minden szereplőjének ismeretanyagát kell, hogy képezzék. Ezeket az új ismereteket foglalja össze a tanulmány.
A Projektmenedzsment érettsége
Authors: Deák Csaba
Published: April 2021

A projektmenedzsment egy képesség, amire szervezetnek és minden vezetőnek szüksége van a portfoliójában, több hagyományos eszköz, módszertan mellett. Ez a tanulmány a projektmenedzsment egy strukturált megközelítésével segíti a vezetőket, elemezve a projektek szintjeit és a szervezet felkészültségét a projektek hatékony véghezviteléhez. Két modell ismertetésén keresztül az olvasó képet kaphat az érettségi szintekről. A tanulmány három egyszerű lehetőséget mutat be, melyek támogathatják a szervezetszintű fejlôdést: a minőségbiztosítás, az akció előtti és utáni áttekintések, illetve a projekt iroda létrehozása.
A Microsimulation Model to Determine the Cost-Effectiveness of Treat-to-Target Strategies for Crohn's Disease
Authors: Dulai Parambir S. , Jairath Vipul , Narula Neeraj , Wong Emily , Kochhar Gursimran S. , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Sandborn William J.
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Cost-effectiveness of biomarker- vs endoscopy-based treat-to-target monitoring in Crohn's disease (CD) is unknown.

METHODS:

A microsimulation model for CD was built to simulate biomarker (fecal calprotectin) vs endoscopy-based monitoring in a treat-to-target fashion. Published literature in combination with patient-level data from phase 3 clinical trials and population estimates for therapeutic drug monitoring were used to generate transition probabilities, costs, and utilities. Tracker variables were used to modify downstream probabilities and outcomes based on previous exposures, response patterns, and disease-related complications or surgery history. The primary outcome was cost-effectiveness over a 5-year horizon at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000/quality-adjusted life-year. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses in addition to multiple 1-, 2-, and 3-way microsimulation sensitivity analyses were performed.

RESULTS:

In the base-case model, the endoscopy-based monitoring strategy dominated the biomarker-based monitoring strategy over a 5-year horizon. Over shorter periods of observation, the biomarker-based monitoring strategy became progressively more cost-effective, with cost-effectiveness achieved for this strategy over a 1-year horizon. Therapeutic drug monitoring did not influence short-term cost-effectiveness of biomarker-based monitoring. Once in endoscopic remission, continued biomarker-based vs endoscopy-based monitoring was more cost-effective. A hybrid biomarker-endoscopy–based monitoring strategy dominated the endoscopy-based monitoring strategy over a 5-year horizon. The strongest determinants for cost-effectiveness were cost of colonoscopy and diagnostic performance of fecal calprotectin.

DISCUSSION:

The most cost-effective approach for treat-to-target monitoring in CD is up-front biomarker-based monitoring followed by endoscopy-based monitoring if not in endoscopic remission by 1 year and then returning to biomarker-based monitoring once in endoscopic remission.
Potrzeba rekonceptualizacji wczesnośredniowiecznych pochówków „wampirów” z ziem polskich
Authors: Dec Olga
Published: April 2021

The aim of the article is to outline the need to reconceptualized the early medieval burials of “vampires” from Poland. These burials are understood as the remains of the so-called “anti- vampire” practices resulting from the social perception of bad death. These, in turn, are recognized as a socio-religious phenomenon, the assumption of which was to postpone the evil actions of the ‘vampire’ by means of certain measures. Due to doubts about the term “vampire”, concerning both the linguistic sphere and the cultural and historical realities, it is suggested not to use it. The proposed alternative, more precise terms would therefore be the terms “returning dead” or “(un)dead”. Another issue raised is the setting of ‘anti-vampire’ burials in an atypical framework. “Anti-vampirical” burials meet the criteria of atypicality on a macro scale, however, it is possible to consider them typical, assuming that they functioned in the culture of Western Slavs in the early Middle Ages as belonging to a specific social group.
W poszukiwaniu początków oraz prób zrozumienia „zachowań symbolicznych”. Zarys problematyki
Authors: Józefów-Czerwińska Bożena
Published: April 2021

In academic literature there is a whole range of hypotheses relating to the genesis of the symbolic behavior, which are usually also associated with the beginnings of the development of spirituality. In the nineteenth century, the considerations conducted in this area were often influenced by negative stereotypes (relating, among others, to hunter-gatherers), which were later deconstructed. Although the discussion on this subject has been ongoing since the nineteenth century, even in the light of research and achievements of the modern science, the problem of the origins of symbolic behavior has still not been unequivocally resolved. However, it is assumed that they should be attributed primarily to the changes that were initiated in our ancestors from the Homo Sapiens family. In recent years, however, some ethologists and primatologists believe that the genesis of symbolic behavior should be sought in the animal world. I devote my article to this diversified subject matter.
„Mowa obrończa” metodologii archeologów Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Authors: Mamzer Henryk
Published: April 2021

This text contains an interpretation of the intellectual activity of methodologists of archaeology from the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. The idea they implement is – in my opinion – a way of thinking: from an object to thinking about an object, addressed both to archaeologists who are not convinced of methodology and to representatives of cultural archeology, in order to finally signal their contribution to integrated humanities. I tried to highlight the effects of this activity in such a way that its real benefits for each of the recipients mentioned were visible.
Grody wieloczłonowe, zalążki miast, Seehandelsplätze, miejsca centralne u ujścia Odry w X–XII wieku? – synonimy czy problem definicyjny?
Authors: Sołtysiak Michał
Published: April 2021

Dyskusja na temat definicji „miejskości” grodów w średniowieczu na ziemiach słowiańskich ma długą tradycję. Już we wczesnym średniowieczu mamy do czynienia z tzw. „zalążkami miast”, centrami wielofunkcyjnymi pełniącymi funkcję miast i grodami miejskimi, jak również z licznymi mniejszymi grodami, którym ciężko przypisywać rolę pierwszych miast. Modele zachodnioeuropejskich miast i ich procesów urbanizacyjnych są trudne do porównania ze wspomnianymi formami osadniczymi, jeśli w analizie staramy się podkreślać postrzymskie, zachodnioeuropejskie rozumienie miast, bez podejścia funkcjonalnego, skoncentrowanego na rzeczywistej roli danych ośrodków w swoim regionie, uzyskujemy obraz, gdzie nie ma żadnych miast, a z punktu widzenia archeologii. Pojawiły się liczne koncepcje na temat definiowania różnych stadiów rozwoju grodów, ale brakuje prób uporządkowania obecnie spotykanej terminologii, bo krótko mówiąc, „gród grodowi nierówny”. Bardzo dobrze to widać u ujścia Odry, gdzie mamy nie tylko terminologię wypracowaną przez polskich badaczy, ale również liczne terminy wykorzystywane w niemieckiej i skandynawskiej archeologii (tj. Burgstadt, Seehandelsplaz, emporium itd.). Celem tego artykułu jest podsumowanie i próba korelacji lub rozróżnienia w zależności od charakterystyki obecnie wykorzystywanych terminów dotyczących grodów z północno-zachodnich ziem polskich w okresie od X do XII w. (okresu przedlokacyjnego), celem uporządkowania postulowanych stadiów rozwoju i form grodów, z jakimi mają do czynienia archeolodzy, na przykładzie Pomorza Zachodniego.
Recenzja: Aleksandra Bystry, Dzikie barwy. O naturalnym farbowaniu tkanin roślinami, Wydawnictwo Dzikie Barwy, Łódź 2019
Authors: Wielgus Barbara
Published: April 2021

Recenzja: Aleksandra Bystry, Dzikie barwy. O naturalnym farbowaniu tkanin roślinami, Wydawnictwo Dzikie Barwy, Łódź 2019.
Using Public Well Data Banks to Improve Field Investigations for Excavations
Authors: Chapuis Robert P. , Marefat Vahid , Zhang Lu
Published: April 2021

ASTM D420-18, Standard Guide for Site Characterization for Engineering Design and Construction Purposes, states the need “to identify and locate, both horizontally and vertically, significant soil and rock types and groundwater conditions.” Knowing the hydraulic properties of soils and rock is vital for excavations. The project engineers and contractors should have information about expected pumping rate (Q), hydraulic conductivity (K), drawdown, and risks of instabilities. This information is often limited. Experience shows that many engineers and contractors do not consult public data banks for wells, which contain useful but frequently unused information, such as Q values at existing wells near the project. For soils, there are reliable methods to predict the K value. For rocks, the K value is difficult to predict and field results are often highly variable and poorly related to field conditions in excavations. However, a mean K value may be estimated from the specific capacity (SC) value at each tested pumping well (PW). This article presents new practical findings for local correlations between transmissivity and SC, after making a synthesis of over 100 publications. It explains how to derive useful statistics for the Q values distribution and the relative performance of drilling methods, which is rock-specific. This information is a key addition to a field investigation for all professionals involved in a project, especially contractors who have to install dewatering systems for temporary and permanent excavations.
The United Kingdom’s first NHS EndoBarrier service for long-standing poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and obesity: outcomes one year after EndoBarrier removal
Authors: Ryder Robert E J , Yadagiri Mahi , Burbridge Wyn , Irwin Susan P , Gandhi Hardeep , Bashir Tahira , Allden Rachael A , Wyres Melanie , Cull Melissa , Bleasdale John P , Fogden Edward N , Anderson Mark R , Sen Gupta Piya
Published: April 2021

Aims: EndoBarrier is a 60 cm duodenal–jejunal bypass liner endoscopically implanted for up to one year. It mimics the bypass part of Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery and reduces weight and HbA1c while it is in situ. We aimed to assess the extent to which these improvements are sustained in people with diabetes in the year following removal.Methods: Between October 2014 and November 2017 we implanted 62 EndoBarriers in an NHS service with all removed by November 2018. Outcomes were monitored in a registry.Results: By November 2019, 46/62 (72%) (mean±SD age 51.5±7.7 years, 52% male, 54.3% white ethnicity, median (IQR) diabetes duration 14.5 (8–20) years, 67.4% insulin-treated and mean±SD body mass index (BMI) 41.6±7.1 kg/m2) had attended and 16/62 (28%) did not attend their one-year post-EndoBarrier follow-up appointment. In those who attended, during EndoBarrier implantation mean±SD HbA1c fell by 21.1±19.6 mmol/mol from 77.1±20.0 to 56.0±11.2 mmol/mol (p<0.001) (by 1.9±1.8% from 9.2±1.8% to 7.3±1.0% (p<0.001)), weight fell by 17.2±8.8 kg from 121.9±29.4 kg to 104.7±30.1 kg (p<0.001), BMI fell from 41.6±7.5 to 35.5±7.5 kg/m2 (p<0.001), systolic blood pressure from 139.0±14.0 to 126.0±14.6 mmHg (p<0.001) and serum alanine aminotransferase from 30.0±16.9 to 18.8±11.0 U/L (p<0.001). Median (IQR) total daily insulin dose reduced from 104 (54–162) to 30 (0–62) units (n=31, p<0.001); 10/31 (32%) insulin-treated people with diabetes were able to discontinue insulin. One year post-EndoBarrier, 18/46 (39%) demonstrated fully sustained improvement, 18/46 (39%) partially sustained improvement and 10/46 (22%) reverted to baseline. Of those deteriorating, 9/10 (90%) had depression and/or bereavement; they also had less fall in weight and HbA1c during EndoBarrier treatment. In the 16/62 (28%) who did not attend follow-up, reasons for non-attendance were too far to travel (25%), need to take time off work (6.3%), severe depression (6.3%) and death (6.3%). In 56.3% of cases no reason was given.Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that EndoBarrier is highly effective in people with long-standing poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and obesity, with maintenance of significant improvement one year after removal in 78% of cases for whom data were available. As an endoscopic procedure it is relatively simple and non-invasive and it deserves further investigation.
«Elegir obispos que parezcan bien a Dios y al mundo». Patronato regio y elecciones episcopales durante el viaje de Fernando el Católico a Italia (1506-1507)
Authors: Fernández-de-Córdova Álvaro
Published: April 2021

El presente trabajo analiza las vacantes y los nombramientos episcopales que se produjeron en Castilla entre el fallecimiento de Felipe el Hermoso en septiembre de 1506 y el regreso de Fernando el Católico desde Nápoles en agosto de 1507. Durante aquel año, el Consejo Real y el monarca aragonés arbitraron medidas para defender el patronato regio ante la negativa de la reina Juana a cubrir las sedes vacantes –disputadas por nobles, eclesiásticos y cortesanos–, mientras el papa Julio II reivindicaba el nombramiento de los titulares fallecidos in Curia. Usando nueva documentación, se ilumina esta singular situación de la Iglesia castellana que Fernando debió resolver para retomar la gobernación con la ayuda del arzobispo Cisneros, partidario de elegir obispos “que parezcan bien a Dios y al mundo”.
Religious Memory in a Changing Society: The Case of India and Papua New Guinea
Authors: Lužný Dušan
Published: April 2021

The study analyzes the place of religion in the national collective memory and the changes that have taken place in the field of religion in connection with the modernization and emergence of modern nationstates in India and Papua New Guinea (PNG). In the case of PNG, we look at the place of Christianization in the process of modernization, while in the case of India, we analyze the use of Hinduism in the process of forming national identity. Both cases are analyzed with the use of selected cases of material culture in specific localities and they show the ongoing struggle for the incorporation or segregation of original religious tradition into national identity. Both cases are analyzed on the basis of field research. In the case of India, we look at Bharat Mata Mandir in Haridwar, and in the case of Papua New Guinea, the tambaran building in the village of Kambot in East Sepik Province. While Bharat Mata Mandir demonstrates the modernization of tradition and the incorporation of religion into modern (originally secular) nationalism, the decline in tambaran houses is a result of Christianization and the modernization of PNG. The study shows that if there is a connection between religious memory and national memory (or national identity), the religious tradition is maintained or strengthened, whereas when religious memory and national memory are disconnected, religious memory is weakened in a modernizing society.
Intergenerational Cooperation and Stereotypes in Relation to Age in the Working Environment
Authors: Brečko Danijela
Published: April 2021

The problem of intergenerational cooperation in the workplace is becoming increasingly important, especially because of the ageing workforce. The article presents the issue of companies facing the challenge of changing a work environment that has to be tailored to the characteristics of each individual generation in the workplace. Generational differences and similarities are explained in more detail, especially in relation to work, followed by a consideration of stereotypes and age discrimination in the work environment. The article illustrates the problem of stereotypes related to age at a selected company. In focus groups we found several positive as well as negative stereotypes regarding age in the workplace, which we use in a research questionnaire especially designed for this study. The questionnaire was completed by 394 employees, and the results used to provide answers to the following research questions: Are there stereotypes within the company about the characteristics of different generations? And do different generations have different foundations regarding the company’s expected attitudes towards their work? The results show that in the focal company there are mostly positive stereotypes regarding age. We also found out that there are no significant differences between the different generations regarding the company’s expected attitudes towards their work. The respondents of all ages expected these attitudes to be based on similar foundations.
Black Aesthetics
Authors: Norris Marisol , Williams Britton , Gipson Leah
Published: April 2021

Editorial for Special Issue
China and the first impact of the industrial revolution: initial conditions and a falling-behind trajectory until 1949
Authors: Cerqueira Hugo Eduardo da Gama , Albuquerque Eduardo da Motta e
Published: April 2021

Abstract This paper discusses the specificity of the initial impact of the British Industrial Revolution on China´s economy. This approach is important to a better understanding of the nature of the beginnings of capitalism in that country, a process which was both intentionally and unintentionally influenced by the contacts between UK and China. These early conditions contributed towards defining the subsequent course of the Chinese economy, leading to a low-growth trap experienced between about 1870 and 1950.
Microdochium albescens may affect the physiological quality of irrigated rice cultivar seeds
Authors: Scheidt Bruno Tabarelli , Garcia Jaquelini , Casa Ricardo Trezzi , Coelho Cileide Maria Medeiros
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: Knowledge of the effect of the seedborne inoculum is important for knowing the level of tolerance of the pathogen by the seed. This research evaluated the effect of the incidence of the fungus Microdochium albescens on the physiological quality of the seeds of different cultivars of irrigated rice. The study was carried out in the seed testing laboratory (STL), phytopathology laboratory and in greenhouse, located at the Center of Agroveterinary Sciences of the Santa Catarina State University, Lages, SC, Brazil. Seeds from six irrigated rice cultivars produced in the Alto Vale do Itajaí Region in the 2016/17 harvest, were used. The lots were submitted to the seed health test, identifying four lots per cultivar with a natural incidence of M. albescens, with two lots of each cultivar with an incidence greater than 40% and two lots equal or less than 40%, totaling 24 seed lots. The following evaluations were carried out on the lots: germination, accelerated aging test, emergence in a greenhouse at 14 days, emergence speed index (ESI), emergence speed (ES), shoot length, root length and fresh and dry mass. There was a significant interaction between cultivar and level of incidence only in the variables germination, vigor and root length. Fresh mass, shoot length and ESI were not affected, regardless of cultivar and incidence of fungus in the seed. The irrigated rice cultivars SCS118 Marquês and SCSBRS Tio Taka are susceptible to a high incidence (> 40%) of the fungus M. allbescens.
Parasitism of Meloidogyne exigua races 1 and 2 in coffee plants derived from Timor Hybrid
Authors: Pereira Antonio Alves , Caixeta Larissa de Brito , Fatobene Bárbhara Joana dos Reis , Oliveira Claudio Marcelo Gonçalves , Gonçalves Wallace , Filho Oliveiro Guerreiro
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: To investigate the degree of parasitism of two populations of Meloidogyne exigua, the gall index (GI) and the reproduction factor (RF) of M. exigua races 1 (Est E2) and 2 (Est E1) were analyzed in 47 progenies on F3:4 or F4:5 generation derived from the crossing between Coffea arabica cv. Catuaí Amarelo and Timor Hybrid. C. canephora cv. Apoatã IAC 2258 and C. arabica cv. Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 were used as resistance and susceptibility checks, respectively. The genotypes that were classified as resistant or susceptible by RF were similarly classified by GI, showing a close relationship between both methodologies. The data also indicated no differences in virulence between the nematode populations, since the progenies showed similar resistance reactions to the M. exigua races 1 and 2. According to GI from the 47 mother plants evaluated, 27 progenies (57.4%) were classified as resistant to M. exigua races 1 and 2, with GI ranging from 0.0 to 1.4 and 20 progenies (42.6%) were susceptible with GI from 2.6 to 4.4. These results showed that most of the evaluated germplasm was very promising in relation to the development of new Arabica coffee cultivars with resistance to M. exigua.
Academic achievement and the effects of the student’s learning context: a study on PISA data
Authors: Antonelli-Ponti Mayra , Monticelli Patrícia Ferreira , Versuti Fabiana Maris , Campos Josiane Rosa , Elias Luciana Carla dos Santos
Published: April 2021

Abstract School achievement is under a multiple factorial context related to student, school and family (SSF). Based on 23.141 Brazilians self-reports, obtained from PISA 2015, representative SSF measures were selected, and their impacts measured on school performance scores in mathematics, reading and science. The feeling of belonging to the school (BELONG) and parents’ emotional support (EMOSUPS) were strongly correlated with the three investigated performances. EMOSUPS affected how the student feels at school and when being assessed. And the educational and cultural resources of the home affected EEC three dimensions, increasing EMOSUPS, BELONG and school performance, and decreasing anxiety during assessments. Thus, the importance of the school and family environments on students’ performance is reiterated and calls for public policies in education that considers the three dimensions.
Processo de desenvolvimento de simulações virtuais de experimentos históricos para o Ensino de Física
Authors: Costa Marcia , Camargo Murilo , Pereira Yago , Ortiz Etiane , Batista Irinéa , Brancher Jacques
Published: April 2021

Na busca de alternativas para o Ensino de Física, muitos recursos didáticos são propostos e nem sempre se leva em consideração aspectos teórico-metodológicos para a elaboração e utilização destes recursos. Uma simulação virtual pode ser tão tradicional quanto uma lousa de giz quando não é bem planejada ou quando é mal utilizada. Nesse sentido, este artigo se propõe a apresentar uma abordagem de desenvolvimento de simulações virtuais de experimentos históricos voltadas para o Ensino de Física, considerando aspectos de áreas como a Física, Didática das Ciências, História e Filosofia da Ciência, Design e Ciência da Computação para obter um recurso didático que reflita competências das áreas envolvidas. Além disso, são sugeridos elementos para que o trabalho colaborativo em equipe seja otimizado e produtivo.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS ON COVID-19 AMONG ASSISTANCE NURSES
Authors: Coelho Manuela de Mendonça Figueirêdo , Cavalcante Viviane Mamede Vasconcelos , Cabral Riksberg Leite , Oliveira Roberta Meneses , Araújo Michell Ângelo Marques , Gomes Antônio Marcos Tosoli
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the structure of the social representations on Covid-19 among assistance nurses. Method a study with a qualitative approach, based on the Theory of Social Representations, with structural analysis, conducted with 178 nurses from Ceará, Brazil, from May to June 2020. The evocations were processed with the EVOC 2000® software, creating the four-house chart. IRAMUTEQ® was used to produce the similarity tree. Results the potential central nucleus was composed of “fear” and “isolation”, with “death” constituting the first periphery; “sadness”, “pain”, and “uncertainty” in the second periphery; and “dyspnea”, “anguish”, and “pandemic”, in the contrast zone. Conclusion at the first moment, the representations were constructed around negative feelings and emotions. New studies are indicated, with the adoption of other analysis methods to confront the findings.
Music Education in Training Early Childhood Education Teachers in the Context of Jerome Bruner’s System of Representations. Its Purpose and Teaching Methodology Modification for Remote Work
Authors: Dolski Tomasz
Published: April 2021

The article consists of two parts. The first presents the implications for training early childhood music education teachers which arise from the theory of developmental psychology concerning Jerome Bruner’s system of representations. The author strives to point out that their proper understanding appears to be essential to building a good teaching foundation for working with early childhood education students. With reference to the theory in question, the second part of the article discusses a modification of selected methods of conducting music education at the indicated stage of education in relation to the challenges connected with the necessity to work remotely. The author discusses examples of methodology in detail and suggests modifications. The aim of such treatment of the matter is to demonstrate that it is possible to retain the practical nature of educational efforts in spite of the unfavourable conditions that stem from the need to be isolated and work online.
Interrelation of Attachment and Coping Behavior In Adults
Authors: Kuftyak E.V.
Published: April 2021

Attachment as the ability to form long-term close relationships provides protection and support at all ages, frees from anxiety and tension, and directly affects well-being and health. This study explored the relations between attachment and coping styles and hardiness in adults. The participants — 127 adults aged 18—77 — filled out the Relationships Questionnaire (Bartholomew, Horowitz, 1998), Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire (Fraley, Waller, Brennan, 2000), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (Endler, Parker, 1990), and Hardiness Survey (Leontiev, Rasskazova, 2006; based on Maddi’s Personal Views Survey). The results showed that securely attached adults used coping aimed at problem solving and avoiding anxious thoughts less frequently. Fearful attachment style was related to the reduction of effort to change the situation, it increased the feeling of helplessness and disregard of vigorous activity. As for individuals with avoidant attachment anxiety they experienced in close relationships increased the feelings of rejection and the disposition to security.
The Burnout of Informal Caregivers: Contemporary Perceptions and Research Perspectives
Authors: Bocharov V.V. , Shishkova A.M.
Published: April 2021

The central theme of the paper is the fundamental possibility of using the theoretical construct of burnout in relation to relatives caring for chronically ill patients. Based on the overview of contemporary literature and the results of our empirical studies, we show that the concept of burnout differs from the concept of burden widespread in clinical psychology. One of the most relevant models for studying burnout of relatives taking care of chronically ill patients proves to be the Informal Caregiving Integrative Model (ICIM). ICIM is based on the Model of Career Stress and Burden and Job Demands-Resources Model. Analysis of the main components of ICIM (determinants, mediators, specific outcomes, general outcomes) and their circularity interactions shows the multifaceted nature of informal caregivers’ burnout. We conclude that further development of the conceptual framework and appropriate assessment tools for studying the emotional burnout of informal caregivers is necessary.
Developing a Capacity for Communication in Preschoolers with Autistic Spectrum Disorders in a Face-to-Face Group Communicative Play
Authors: Grashchenkova N.S. , Libling M.M.
Published: April 2021

The article represents research findings covering the opportunities in communication ability development in preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) provided through the “face-to-face” group communicative play original methodology. The article presents a system, stages, and outcomes of play sessions and its theory based on necessity to compensate early stages of communication ontogenesis that autistic children have not acquired in full. Data obtained in two groups — experimental (preschoolers with ASD, participating in communicative play program) and control (preschoolers with ASD that did not participate in the program), in the course of one academic year is compared. Total number of experimental groups participants was 60 children with ASD, aged 4–6. It's been detected that children in the experimental group showed significant reduction of communication disorders, when compared to children in the control group (assessment was based on International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: children and youth version, Activity and Participation chapter domains), as well as significant reduction of autistic manifestations in general (based on the results of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale). The noted correlation between decreased communication problems and reduction of general autistic disorder manifestations provides us with the grounds to claim a priority role of special “face-to-face” play sessions for communication abilities development in preschoolers with ASD.
Existential Foundations of the Clinical and Psychological Picture of Our Time Tragedy
Authors: Ermolaeva M.V. , Lubovsky D.
Published: April 2021

The study presents a model of the clinical and psychological picture of our contemporaries' experience of tragic events related to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is shown that the deformation of everyday life under the influence of threatening circumstances sharpened the features of the clinical and psychological picture of everyday life of our contemporaries. As the most significant features, the authors note experiences of the type of traumatic stress (fear of losing a job, experience of limited movement, concern about the problems of the near and distant future, in connection with the transition to remote work, fear of the lack of clear prospects for the future), as well as experiences that create a risk of reducing social interest (a decrease in the level of direct interpersonal contacts, boredom due to a decrease in social and intellectual activity, feelings of helplessness and impotence, fear of loss of autonomy and independence). It is shown that the psychological characteristics of modern people, especially young people and adolescents (representatives of Y and Z generations), create obstacles to the application of the experience of coping with the difficulties of previous generations due to the widespread postmodern worldview with its characteristic features. The tendency of modern existential psychotherapy and positive psychology to accept suffering as an experience necessary for personal growth is shown. As a metaphor for the spiritual life of a contemporary and the inability to help people in need of help, the authors cite the images of the film "Mirror for the Hero" (1987) because of their special relevance in our time. The directions of psychological assistance that allows to release the resources of coping with the situation are revealed. The prospects of studying the clinical and psychological picture of the mental life of people during the COVID-19 pandemic are considered.
No Choice Is the “Right” Choice: Black Parents’ Educational Decision-Making in Their Search for a “Good” School
Authors: POSEY-MADDOX LINN , de ROYSTON MAXINE MCKINNEY , HOLMAN ALEA R. , RALL RAQUEL M. , JOHNSON RACHEL A.
Published: April 2021

In this article, Linn Posey-Maddox, Maxine McKinney de Royston, Alea R. Holman, Raquel M. Rall, and Rachel A. Johnson examine Black parents’ educational decision-making in the racial and educational contexts of predominantly white suburban districts, majority-Black urban schools with an Afrocentric focus, and racially diverse urban public and private schools. Undertaking a qualitative meta-analysis, they ask, How and why is anti-Black racism salient in Black parents’ educational decision-making around schooling? Their findings reveal that race and anti-Black racism are central to Black parents’ school choice decisions. Specifically, they shape the trade-offs parents made in choosing a school for their child(ren), their ongoing risk assessments regarding the potential for racialized harm in their child(ren)’s schooling, and their continuous decision-making about whether to keep their child enrolled or move them to a different school. Regardless of geography, school type, grade level, and/or social class, race and anti-Black racism shape Black parents’ educational decision-making as they work to ensure that their child(ren) receive a high-quality education within highly racialized schooling contexts.
Shear-Wave Velocity Site Characterization in Oklahoma from Joint Inversion of Multimethod Surface Seismic Measurements: Implications for Central U.S. Ground-Motion Prediction
Authors: Stephenson William J. , Odum Jack K. , Hartzell Steve H. , Leeds Alena L. , Williams Robert A.
Published: April 2021

We analyze multimethod shear (SH)-wave velocity (VS) site characterization data acquired at three permanent and 25 temporary seismograph stations in Oklahoma that recorded M 4+ earthquakes within a 50 km hypocentral distance of at least one of the 2016 M 5.1 Fairview, M 5.8 Pawnee, or M 5.0 Cushing earthquakes to better constrain earthquake ground-motion modeling in the region. We acquired active-source seismic data for time-averaged VS to 30 m depth (VS30) at 28 seismograph stations near the Fairview, Pawnee, and Cushing epicentral areas. The SH-wave refraction travel times coupled with Rayleigh- and Love-wave phase velocity dispersion were extracted and modeled in a nonlinear least-squares (L2) joint inversion to obtain a best-fit 1D VS versus depth profile for each site. At a subset of sites where the preferred L2 inverse model did not optimally fit each of the Love, Rayleigh, and SH travel-time datasets, we explore application of simulated annealing in a joint inversion to find a more global solution. VS30 values range from 262 to 807  m/s for the preferred measured (in situ) VS profiles, or National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site class D to B, and are broadly comparable with estimates from previous data reports in the region. Site amplification estimates were calculated next from 1D SH transfer functions of the preferred VS profiles and then compared against observed horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSRs) from nearby seismograph stations. We generally see good agreement between the predicted in situ model and the observed HVSR resonant frequencies, with nominal amplifications between 2 and 10 within the 2–15 Hz frequency band. Next, using 40 known in situ VS30 measurements in the region, we demonstrate that the in situ VS30 values improve the fit for selected suites of ground-motion models (GMMs) for M 4+ earthquakes within a 50 km hypocentral distance when compared with proxy methods, arguing for future development of GMMs implementing in situ VS profiles.
Geological sketch and the non-karstic caves of the Bakony Mountains in Hungary
Authors: Eszterhás István , Szentes George
Published: April 2021

The about 4000 km2 Bakony Mountains form the most extensive region of the Trans-Danubien Mountains between Lake Balaton and Marcal River. They have a typical medium relief, including plateaux of various heights, and denudated fault blocks interspersed with inter mountain basins. In the southern and western areas of the mountains, basalt cones and basaltic sheets are frequently found. In the central area, the variously sloping landscape is inclined towards the blocks. Limestone and dolomite predominate, and there are extensive karst regions and numerous karst caves. Of course, from the point of view of the non-karstic caves, these regions are insignificant. Significantly smaller is the occurrence of quartziferous (sandstone and conglomerate) and basalt rocks, however 147 non-karstic cave are known in these rocks and, in addition, 35 artificial cavities, considered as caves, are listed. The authors describe the geology, the geomorphology and the non-karstic cave development of the Bakony Mountains. Furthermore, typical examples of the caves have been selected and presented according to the different rock formations and development types.
Geomorphological mapping of granite caves
Authors: Costas Vázquez Reimundo , Suárez Pérez R.M. , Vaqueiro Rodríguez Marcos
Published: April 2021

The aim is to develop a mapping which represents the relief and the form (morphology) of granite caves and associated superficial structures. As such, it is a representation of the forms and microforms present in the volume that forms the cave (wall, floors and ceilings) and defines the underground landscape: Structural elements and forms, gravitational forms, fluvial and associated erosive forms, glacial and periglacial forms, aeolian forms, depositional forms and speleothems, weathering forms, polygenic forms and elements of anthropic and paleontological origins.
The Problems of Teachers Who Have Immigrant Students in their Classes and Solutions
Authors: ÜNSAL Yildiz , BASKAN Gülsün
Published: April 2021

This study aims to reveal the problems faced by teachers with immigrant students in their classes and to identify the solutions teachers find for the problems. The method of case study, which is one of the qualitative research designs, was adopted in this study. The data were gathered from ten teachers. Content analysis technique was used in data analysis of this study. The study was carried out on the basis of two themes which can be listed as the problems faced in the education of immigrant students and solutions for these problems. The sub-themes regarding the problems faced in the education of immigrant students can be listed as language problem, adaptation to peers and tendency to violence, indifference of parents and deficiencies about the education given by the teachers. Solutions for these problems can be categorized under four sub-themes, which are visits to parents, activities to overcome language barrier, changes in the yearly plans and in-service training.
Vagus nerve stimulation in chronic refractory epilepsy: chasing the cardiologist
Authors: Chaudhary Ansh , Chaudhary Bhupendra
Published: April 2021

Epilepsy the second most common chronic neurological disorder after stroke affect 0.5-2% population worldwide. Antiepileptic drugs though remain the corner stone in management of epilepsy in majority of patients but still 30% of patients continues to have seizure or experience unacceptable pharmacological side effect. Electrical stimulation of vagus nerve is an effective and promising neurophysiological treatment for patients with refractory epilepsy who are either unsuitable candidate of surgery or falls in category of surgically refractory epilepsy.
Barriers in utilisation of dental services among older people in South Kerala
Authors: Salim Reethu , V Ramankutty
Published: April 2021

The utilization of dental services among older people is an important parameter in health service planning. Studies show that the utilization of dental services among older people in India is low. This study aims to explore the barriers in the utilization of dental services among older people.

A cross-sectional study was done on 399 older people to examine the barriers in the utilization of dental services among the older population, who are defined as people aged 60 years and above, in South Kerala. Circular systemic random sampling was used to recruit the sample from the district of Kollam in Kerala. All the study participants, as defined by the inclusion criteria were considered for the study.

The mean age of the study population was 65.3±5.5 (n=399). The main barrier that prevented older people from utilizing oral health care was their adaptation to the present health situation 343(86), followed by perceived high expense 309(77.4). The frequency of previous dental visits among participants was highest in the past year 129(33.4). More than half of the participants 244(61) had visited a dentist to extract their teeth and only 7(1.7) had visited the dentist for their routine dental check-ups. A 206(51.4) participants had visited a private clinic to receive dental care and 70(17.7) had visited a government facility to take dental care. The main reasons for visiting a particular centre among the participants were accessibility 168(42.2), and the least reported reason was the familiarity of the dentist 32(8).

To minimize the barriers to utilization of dental services and to address the health needs of the increasing older population, the health system needs to be strengthened especially the primary health care centres with the need to integrate oral health programs and emphasis on health promotion.