bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rhythms and Drives
Authors: Meechan John ,   The Center for Process Studies
Published: June 2020

In this article, I draw attention to some important points of intersection in the work of Henri Bergson and Friedrich Nietzsche. In particular I focus on the overlapping nature of their naturalisms. This proves enlightening for an overall appreciation of their respective philosophical projects but also allows those projects to be inscribed within a broader set of naturalistic traditions to which I think they contribute in interesting ways. I begin by assessing how Bergson's and Nietzsche's general problematics are shaped by the antinaturalistic character of their targets, more specifically the appeals to the immobile and the unconditional that they expose in their critical approaches. I move on to examine the core components of their naturalistic responses, highlighting how both thinkers extend introspective insights about the psyche and the body to make claims regarding broader activity patterns across nature and ground these new monistic continua in their concepts of rhythms (Bergson) and drives (Nietzsche). Lastly; I draw out three important consequences on which these moves jointly converge, with particular emphasis on the “quantal” nature of the ontologies they outline. Moving beyond the comparative perspective, I conclude by using these points to situate Bergson and Nietzsche among three different lineages of naturalism: metaphysical antireductionist, and Epicurean.
Collaboration and Integration
Authors: Murray Jennifer , Feinberg Daniel
Published: June 2020

The University of North Florida (UNF) transitioned to Canvas as its Learning Management System (LMS) in summer 2017. This implementation brought on opportunities that allowed for a more user-friendly learning environment for students. Working with students in courses which were in-person, hybrid, or online, brought about the need for the library to have a place in the Canvas LMS. Students needed to remember how to access and locate library resources and services outside of Canvas. During this time, the Thomas G. Carpenter Library’s online presence was enhanced, yet still not visible in Canvas. It became apparent that the library needed to be integrated into Canvas courses. This would enable students to easily transition between their coursework and finding resources and services to support their studies. In addition, librarians who worked with students, looked for ways for students to easily find library resources and services online. After much discussion, it became clear to the Online Learning Librarian (OLL) and the Director of Technical Services and Library Systems (Library Director) that the library needed to explore ways to integrate more with Canvas.
Seeing through Vocabularies
Authors: Ford Kevin M
Published: June 2020

Ontologies and vocabularies are common when working with RDF (Resource Description Framework). Well-known “vocabularies” include FOAF and SKOS. Well-known “ontologies,” specific to the library community, are Bibframe and FRBR. Interestingly, even though FOAF is expressed formally as an ontology, it presents itself and is generally regarded as a vocabulary. Conversely, Bibframe and FRBR, while also expressed formally as ontologies, present themselves up front as vocabularies but are nevertheless perceived as ontologies. That’s because the decision to create an RDF “vocabulary” or an “ontology” is a technical one and a political one, both of which must be in alignment. This essay explores the technical distinction alongside the more subtle political distinction at work and how librarians seem to gravitate to the more formal comforts of OWL even though it may not be in their long-term interests.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 3D-PRINTED BLOOD VESSELS
Authors: WANG JIYAN , KRISHNAMOORTHY SRIKUMAR , SONG HONGTAO , MA CHANGHONG
Published: June 2020

The demand for vascular substitutes in clinical practice has increased, and 3D-printed blood vessels could be advantageous alternatives. Determining the mechanical properties of 3D-printed blood vessels is important to further improve the technology and clinical application. Here, dogbone test samples with and without cells were generated by 3D printing with combined UV curing and hydrogel ion curing. Tensile tests were performed to measure the mechanical parameters of the dogbones and build two kinds of fluid–solid interaction models. In accordance with hydrodynamics and momentum theorems, the velocities in accelerated ejection period, ejection peak, reduced ejection period, and early diastolic period were selected as inlet velocities. Velocity distribution on the symmetry surface of the fluid and the stress and strain of the solid tube under different velocities were analyzed. Results reveal that the velocity decreases gradually from the fluid center to the wall. At a high inlet velocity, the fluid velocity is high, while the stress and strain of the wall increase. During cardiac ejection peak, the stress on the wall reaches the maximum value of 2018 Pa, which is much lower than the ultimate stress. In addition, the strength and stiffness decrease for the vessels added with cells. This work provides a feasible method for measuring the mechanical properties of 3D-printed blood vessels.

Keywords: 3D printing, mechanical properties, fluid–solid interaction
On Polynomial-Time Combinatorial Algorithms for Maximum $L$-Bounded Flow
Authors: Altmanová Kateřina , Kolman Petr , Voborník Jan
Published: June 2020

Given a graph $G=(V,E)$ with two distinguished vertices $s,t\in V$ and an
integer $L$, an $L$-bounded flow is a flow between $s$ and $t$ that can
be decomposed into paths of length at most $L$. In the maximum
$L$-bounded flow problem the task is to find a maximum $L$-bounded flow
between a given pair of vertices in the input graph.

For networks with unit edge lengths
(or, more generally, with polynomially
bounded edge lengths, with respect to the number of vertices),
the problem can
be solved in polynomial time using linear programming. However, as far as we
know, no polynomial-time combinatorial algorithm1 for the $L$-bounded flow is known.
For general edge lengths, the problem is NP-hard.
The only attempt, that we are aware of, to describe a combinatorial
algorithm
for the maximum $L$-bounded flow problem was done by Koubek and Říha in
1981. Unfortunately, their paper contains substantial flaws and the
algorithm does not work; in the first part of this paper, we describe these
problems.

In the second part of this paper we describe a combinatorial
algorithm based on the exponential length method that finds
a $(1+\varepsilon)$-approximation of the maximum $L$-bounded flow in
time $\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon^{-2}m^2L\log L)$ where $m$ is the number of edges in the
graph.
Moreover, we show that this approach works even for the
NP-hard generalization of the maximum $L$-bounded flow problem in which
each edge has a length.

1Combinatorial in the sense that it does not explicitly use linear programming methods or methods from linear algebra or convex geometry.
Las alhajas y ornamentos litúrgicos de la capilla de los duques de Montemar en la basílica del Pilar de Zaragoza
Authors: Tarifa Castilla Maria Josefa
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo aborda el estudio del ajuar litúrgico proporcionado por María Magdalena Carrillo de Albornoz, II duquesa de Montemar, para la capilla de patronato que poseía desde 1761 en la Basílica del Pilar de Zaragoza bajo la titularidad de San Joaquín. Esta aristócrata dotó la capilla con los ornamentos textiles y piezas de orfebrería necesarios para el servicio del culto, como refieren los inventarios de 1789, 1804 y 1873. Entre las alhajas de plata destacaban un cáliz renacentista y un relicario barroco con las armas de los Montemar, que han sido localizados en la sacristía mayor del mismo templo del Pilar.
El arte intelectual en la Bienal de Venecia: componente ucraniano
Authors: Rohotchenko Oleksii
Published: June 2020

Anotación. Uno de los foros artísticos más prestigiosos del mundo fue y sigue siendo el de la Bienal de Venecia. A lo largo de ciento veintitrés años, los principios democráticos han liderado procesos artísticos en la costa de la ciudad fantástica. El lema: “Mostrar el nuevo” sigue vivo, empujando a los artistas a mostrar el arte contemporáneo o el más avanzado de los países participantes. Arsenal y Giardini son dos de las carreras artísticas más grandes, así como cientos de callejones, iglesias y galerías en Venecia, donde durante dos años hay otra bienal, donde artistas y comisarios de todo el planeta compiten para el León de Oro, el principal premio de la exposición. La Bienal de Venecia es un fenómeno absolutamente único en el sistema de coordenadas de las bellas artes. En la muestra de obras, que dura medio año, existe su propio patrón y su propia intriga. Además de presentar las innovaciones culturales de los países participantes, se identifican líderes artísticos explícitos y está surgiendo la tendencia principal en arte contemporáneo para los próximos dos años. En el artículo propuesto, discutiremos la participación de Ucrania en la Bienal de Venecia. Este texto cubre la opinión del autor sobre los problemas de la participación de los artistas ucranianos en la bienal.
Estudio de una pequeña y desconocida colección: los Kyôdo-gangu de Joan Miró
Authors: Gomez Pradas Muriel
Published: June 2020

En este artículo abordamos el estudio de unos singulares objetos japoneses que Joan Miró atesoró tanto en su taller como en su residencia mallorquina. Se trata de unos kyôdo-gangu o juguetes tradicionales y populares japoneses, unos objetos de pequeño tamaño, que tanto pueden ser figuras antropomorfas como zoomorfas, de materiales sencillos y cotidianos, de carácter tradicional y de consumo popular y que solían tener usos y significados muy variados. El objetivo de este artículo es trazar la biografía de estos objetos, analizando su simbología, procedencia y uso social, e intentando establecer cómo llegaron a manos del artista.
Relaciones visuales entre la Prudencia y las Virtudes que la componen
Authors: Montesinos Castañeda María
Published: June 2020

La Prudencia, como una de las Virtudes Cardinales, ha sido dividida por los pensadores en diferentes partes, las cuales exponen y especifican los objetivos y funciones de esta virtud. La imagen de la Prudencia se traduce en una alegoría portadora de diferentes atributos que constituyen la propia visualización de sus partes. Asimismo, la propia visualización de sus partes muestra conexiones visuales con la imagen de la Prudencia.
Atienza Macías, Elena y Rodríguez Ayuso, Juan Francisco (directores). Las respuestas del Derecho a las crisis de Salud Pública. Dykinson, Madrid, 2020.
Authors: Insanguine Mingarro Ferdinando A.
Published: June 2020

Atienza Macías, Elena y Rodríguez Ayuso, Juan Francisco (directores). Las respuestas del Derecho a las crisis de Salud Pública. Dykinson, Madrid, 2020, 332 pp.
Hepatitis C virus exploits cyclophilin A to evade PKR
Authors: Colpitts Che C , Ridewood Sophie , Schneiderman Bethany , Warne Justin , Tabata Keisuke , Ng Caitlin F , Bartenschlager Ralf , Selwood David L , Towers Greg J
Published: June 2020

Counteracting innate immunity is essential for successful viral replication. Host cyclophilins (Cyps) have been implicated in viral evasion of host antiviral responses, although the mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we show that hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-opts the host protein CypA to aid evasion of antiviral responses dependent on the effector protein kinase R (PKR). Pharmacological inhibition of CypA rescues PKR from antagonism by HCV NS5A, leading to activation of an interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF1)-driven cell intrinsic antiviral program that inhibits viral replication. These findings further the understanding of the complexity of Cyp-virus interactions, provide mechanistic insight into the remarkably broad antiviral spectrum of Cyp inhibitors, and uncover novel aspects of PKR activity and regulation. Collectively, our study identifies a novel antiviral mechanism that harnesses cellular antiviral immunity to suppress viral replication.
Dietary sugar inhibits satiation by decreasing the central processing of sweet taste
Authors: May Christina E , Rosander Julia , Gottfried Jennifer , Dennis Evan , Dus Monica
Published: June 2020

From humans to vinegar flies, exposure to diets rich in sugar and fat lowers taste sensation, changes food choices, and promotes feeding. However, how these peripheral alterations influence eating is unknown. Here we used the genetically tractable organism D. melanogaster to define the neural mechanisms through which this occurs. We characterized a population of protocerebral anterior medial dopaminergic neurons (PAM DANs) that innervates the β’2 compartment of the mushroom body and responds to sweet taste. In animals fed a high sugar diet, the response of PAM-β’2 to sweet stimuli was reduced and delayed, and sensitive to the strength of the signal transmission out of the sensory neurons. We found that PAM-β’2 DANs activity controls feeding rate and satiation: closed-loop optogenetic activation of β’2 DANs restored normal eating in animals fed high sucrose. These data argue that diet-dependent alterations in taste weaken satiation by impairing the central processing of sensory signals.
Nucleosome-CHD4 chromatin remodeler structure maps human disease mutations
Authors: Farnung Lucas , Ochmann Moritz , Cramer Patrick
Published: June 2020

Chromatin remodeling plays important roles in gene regulation during development, differentiation and in disease. The chromatin remodeling enzyme CHD4 is a component of the NuRD and ChAHP complexes that are involved in gene repression. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of Homo sapiens CHD4 engaged with a nucleosome core particle in the presence of the non-hydrolysable ATP analogue AMP-PNP at an overall resolution of 3.1 Å. The ATPase motor of CHD4 binds and distorts nucleosomal DNA at superhelical location (SHL) +2, supporting the ‘twist defect’ model of chromatin remodeling. CHD4 does not induce unwrapping of terminal DNA, in contrast to its homologue Chd1, which functions in gene activation. Our structure also maps CHD4 mutations that are associated with human cancer or the intellectual disability disorder Sifrim-Hitz-Weiss syndrome.
Vessel noise levels drive behavioural responses of humpback whales with implications for whale-watching
Authors: Sprogis Kate R , Videsen Simone , Madsen Peter T
Published: June 2020

Disturbance from whale-watching can cause significant behavioural changes with fitness consequences for targeted whale populations. However, the sensory stimuli triggering these responses are unknown, preventing effective mitigation. Here, we test the hypothesis that vessel noise level is a driver of disturbance, using humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) as a model species. We conducted controlled exposure experiments (n = 42) on resting mother-calf pairs on a resting ground off Australia, by simulating whale-watch scenarios with a research vessel (range 100 m, speed 1.5 knts) playing back vessel noise at control/low (124/148 dB), medium (160 dB) or high (172 dB) low frequency-weighted source levels (re 1 μPa RMS@1 m). Compared to control/low treatments, during high noise playbacks the mother’s proportion of time resting decreased by 30%, respiration rate doubled and swim speed increased by 37%. We therefore conclude that vessel noise is an adequate driver of behavioural disturbance in whales and that regulations to mitigate the impact of whale-watching should include noise emission standards.
The roles of online and offline replay in planning
Authors: Eldar Eran , Lièvre Gaëlle , Dayan Peter , Dolan Raymond J
Published: June 2020

Animals and humans replay neural patterns encoding trajectories through their environment, both whilst they solve decision-making tasks and during rest. Both on-task and off-task replay are believed to contribute to flexible decision making, though how their relative contributions differ remains unclear. We investigated this question by using magnetoencephalography (MEG) to study human subjects while they performed a decision-making task that was designed to reveal the decision algorithms employed. We characterised subjects in terms of how flexibly each adjusted their choices to changes in temporal, spatial and reward structure. The more flexible a subject, the more they replayed trajectories during task performance, and this replay was coupled with re-planning of the encoded trajectories. The less flexible a subject, the more they replayed previously preferred trajectories during rest periods between task epochs. The data suggest that online and offline replay both participate in planning but support distinct decision strategies.
Droplet-based high-throughput cultivation for accurate screening of antibiotic resistant gut microbes
Authors: Watterson William J , Tanyeri Melikhan , Watson Andrea R , Cham Candace M , Shan Yue , Chang Eugene B , Eren A Murat , Tay Savaş
Published: June 2020

Traditional cultivation approaches in microbiology are labor-intensive, low-throughput, and yield biased sampling of environmental microbes due to ecological and evolutionary factors. New strategies are needed for ample representation of rare taxa and slow-growers that are often outcompeted by fast-growers in cultivation experiments. Here we describe a microfluidic platform that anaerobically isolates and cultivates microbial cells in millions of picoliter droplets and automatically sorts them based on colony density to enhance slow-growing organisms. We applied our strategy to a fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) donor stool using multiple growth media, and found significant increase in taxonomic richness and larger representation of rare and clinically relevant taxa among droplet-grown cells compared to conventional plates. Furthermore, screening the FMT donor stool for antibiotic resistance revealed 21 populations that evaded detection in plate-based assessment of antibiotic resistance. Our method improves cultivation-based surveys of diverse microbiomes to gain deeper insights into microbial functioning and lifestyles.
Topologically correct synthetic reconstruction of pathogen social behavior found during Yersinia growth in deep tissue sites
Authors: Clark Stacie A , Thibault Derek , Shull Lauren M , Davis Kimberly M , Aunins Emily , van Opijnen Tim , Isberg Ralph
Published: June 2020

Within deep tissue sites, extracellular bacterial pathogens often replicate in clusters that are surrounded by immune cells. Disease is modulated by interbacterial interactions as well as bacterial-host cell interactions resulting in microbial growth, phagocytic attack and secretion of host antimicrobial factors. To overcome the limited ability to manipulate these infection sites, we established a system for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Yptb) growth in microfluidics-driven microdroplets that regenerates microbial social behavior in tissues. Chemical generation of nitric oxide (NO) in the absence of immune cells was sufficient to reconstruct microbial social behavior, as witnessed by expression of the NO-inactivating protein Hmp on the extreme periphery of microcolonies, mimicking spatial regulation in tissues. Similarly, activated macrophages that expressed inducible NO synthase (iNOS) drove peripheral expression of Hmp, allowing regeneration of social behavior observed in tissues. These results argue that topologically correct microbial tissue growth and associated social behavior can be reconstructed in culture.
CRISPR 2 PCR and high resolution melting profiling for identification and characterization of clinically-relevant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica
Authors: Wisittipanit Nuttachat , Pulsrikarn Chaiwat , Srisong Sudarat , Srimora Rungthiwa , Kittiwan Nattinee , Poonchareon Kritchai
Published: June 2020

Background

Nontyphoidal Salmonella spp. constitute a major bacterial cause of food poisoning. Each Salmonella serotype causes distinct virulence to humans.

Method

A small cohort study was conducted to characterize several aspects of Salmonella isolates obtained from stool of diarrheal patients (n = 26) admitted to Phayao Ram Hospital, Phayao province, Thailand. A simple CRISPR 2 molecular analysis was developed to rapidly type Salmonella isolates employing both uniplex and high resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis.

Results

CRISPR 2 monoplex PCR generated a single Salmonella serotype-specific amplicon, showing S. 4,[5],12:i:- with highest frequency (42%), S. Enteritidis (15%) and S. Stanley (11%); S. Typhimurium was not detected. CRISPR 2 HRM-PCR allowed further classification of S. 4,[5],12:i:- isolates based on their specific CRISPR 2 signature sequences. The highest prevalence of Salmonella infection was during the summer season (April to August). Additional studies were conducted using standard multiplex HRM-PCR typing, which confirmed CRISPR 2 PCR results and, using a machine-learning algorithm, clustered the majority of Salmonella serotypes into six clades; repetitive element-based (ERIC) PCR, which clustered the serotypes into three clades only; antibiogram profiling, which revealed the majority resistant to ampicillin (69%); and test for extended spectrum β-lactamase production (two isolates) and PCR-based detection of bla alleles.

Conclusion

CRISPR 2 PCR provided a simple assay for detection and identification of clinically-relevant Salmonella serotypes. In conjunction with antibiogram profiling and rapid assay for β-lactamase producers, this approach should facilitate detection and appropriate treatment of Salmonellosis in a local hospital setting. In addition, CRISPR 2 HRM-PCR profiling enabled clustering of S. 4,[5],12:i:-isolates according to CRISPR 2 locus signature sequences, indicative of their different evolutionary trajectories, thereby providing a powerful tool for future epidemiological studies of virulent Salmonella serotypes.
Combination of ferric ammonium citrate with cytokines involved in apoptosis and insulin secretion of human pancreatic beta cells related to diabetes in thalassemia
Authors: Rattanaporn Patchara , Tongsima Sissades , Mandrup-Poulsen Thomas , Svasti Saovaros , Tanyong Dalina
Published: June 2020

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common complication found in β-thalassemia patients. The mechanism of DM in β-thalassemia patients is still unclear, but it could be from an iron overload and increase of some cytokines, such as interleukin1-β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The objective of this study was to study the effect of interaction between ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) and cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, on 1.1B4 human pancreatic β-cell line.

Methods

The effect of the combination of FAC and cytokines on cell viability was studied by MTT assay. Insulin secretion was assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell apoptosis in normal and high glucose condition were determined by flow cytometer. In addition, gene expression of apoptosis, antioxidant; glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and insulin secretory function were studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR).

Results

The findings revealed that FAC exposure resulted in the decrease of cell viability and insulin-release, and the induction of ROS and apoptosis in pancreatic cells. Interestingly, a combination of FAC and cytokines had an additive effect on SOD2 antioxidants’ genes expression and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In addition, it reduced the insulin secretion genes expression; insulin (INS), glucose kinase (GCK), protein convertase 1 (PSCK1), and protein convertase 2 (PSCK2). Moreover, the highest ROS and the lowest insulin secretion were found in FAC combined with IL-1β and TNF-α in the high-glucose condition of human pancreatic beta cell, which could be involved in the mechanism of DM development in β-thalassemia patients.
A retrospective study on the prognostic value of preoperative C-reactive protein to albumin ratio in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Fang Ku-Hao , Lai Chia-Hsuan , Hsu Cheng-Ming , Huang Ethan , Tsai Ming-Shao , Chang Geng-He , Lee Yi-Chan , Tsai Yao-Te
Published: June 2020

Background

Although the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) can predict poor outcomes in assorted cancers, its prognostic value in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. We explored the value of preoperative CAR in predicting clinical outcomes in OSCC patients treated with radical surgery.

Methods

All the recommended cutoff values were defined analyzing receiver operating characteristic curves or overall survival (OS). Dichotomization was performed on the basis of optimal CAR cutoff, and we compared the clinicopathological features between groups. Kaplan–Meier analysis was also performed to compare OS curves between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazards model were conducted to find the clinical characteristics that were most closely correlated with disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). A nomogram incorporated CAR and several clinicopathological factors was established to predict prognosis and its accuracy was evaluated using concordance index (c-index).

Results

In this retrospective study, a total of 326 patients with newly diagnosis of OSCC and received primary surgery between 2008 and 2017 were enrolled. Through the executed ROC curve analyses, the optimal CAR cutoff derived was 0.195 (area under the curve = 0.718, p < 0.001), with this cutoff exhibiting a discrimination ability superior to that of other inflammation-based prognostic scores after comparing the area under curves. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CAR (≥0.195/<0.195) was associated with OS (hazard ratio 3.614; 95% CI [1.629–8.018]; p = 0.002) and DFS (hazard ratio 1.917; 95% CI [1.051–3.863]; p = 0.029). Kaplan–Meier analysis and log rank test revealed a significant difference in DFS and OS curves between patients with low CAR (<0.195) and those with high CAR (≥0.195; both p < 0.001). The c-index of the nomogram based on TNM system alone was 0.684 and could be increased to 0.801 if CAR and other clinicopathological factors were included.

Conclusions

Preoperative CAR could constitute an independent prognostic indicator for OS and DFS prediction in OSCC patients treated with curative surgery. The established nomogram that incorporated CAR and prognostic factors might increase the accuracy of prognostic prediction for patients with OSCC.
State-space modeling of the dynamics of temporal plant cover using visually determined class data
Authors: Itô Hiroki
Published: June 2020

A lot of vegetation-related data have been collected as an ordered plant cover class that can be determined visually. However, they are difficult to analyze numerically as they are in an ordinal scale and have uncertainty in their classification. Here, I constructed a state-space model to estimate unobserved plant cover proportions (ranging from zero to one) from such cover class data. The model assumed that the data were measured longitudinally, so that the autocorrelations in the time-series could be utilized to estimate the unobserved cover proportion. The model also assumed that the quadrats where the data were collected were arranged sequentially, so that the spatial autocorrelations also could be utilized to estimate the proportion. Assuming a beta distribution as the probability distribution of the cover proportion, the model was implemented with a regularized incomplete beta function, which is the cumulative density function of the beta distribution. A simulated dataset and real datasets, with one-dimensional spatial structure and longitudinal survey, were fit to the model, and the parameters were estimated using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. Then, the validity was examined using posterior predictive checks. As a result of the fitting, the Markov chain successfully converged to the stationary distribution, and the posterior predictive checks did not show large discrepancies. For the simulated dataset, the estimated values were close to the values used for the data generation. The estimated values for the real datasets also seemed to be reasonable. These results suggest that the proposed state-space model was able to successfully estimate the unobserved cover proportion. The present model is applicable to similar types of plant cover class data, and has the possibility to be expanded, for example, to incorporate a two-dimensional spatial structure and/or zero-inflation.
La consolidación de los dispositivos móviles para el consumo de información en España
Authors:   Universidad Loyola Andalucía (España), Herrero-Diz Paula , Tapia-Frade Alejandro ,   Universidad Loyola Andalucía (España), Varona-Aramburu David ,   Universidad Loyola Andalucía (España)
Published: June 2020

Los medios de comunicación viven en una adaptación constante para hacer frente a un consumo de información cada vez mayor desde dispositivos móviles. Esta demanda ha dado origen al periodismo móvil, pensado y adaptado específicamente para esta tecnología, y ha propiciado la aparición de nuevos formatos publicitarios para fidelizar a nueva audiencia, también móvil. Para conocer cuáles son los hábitos de los usuarios respecto del consumo de noticias desde estos dispositivos, sus formatos periodísticos preferidos y cómo interactúan con la información, esta investigación diseñó un estudio de encuesta que se administró en España, a consumidores de entre 16 y 65 años (N=555). Los resultados reflejaron la consolidación de los dispositivos móviles para el consumo de información –84,8% consultaba noticias o contenidos periodísticos en el móvil a diario, frecuentemente en el lugar de trabajo y en los tiempos muertos o de espera–, la adaptación de los medios a esta tecnología, y una predilección por las apps de redes sociales para encontrar noticias, en detrimento de las webs de los medios. También pusieron de manifiesto que el video informativo es el formato de mayor éxito entre los consumidores, aunque desde aplicaciones nativas de video, como YouTube o Vimeo. Es aquí donde los medios tienen un reto: ofrecer experiencias de consumo de video más atractivas para que el público consuma este formato en sus páginas y, por lo tanto, recurra a fuentes de información de primera mano
Imaginarios sobre la frontera norte en el discurso de la prensa nacional argentina
Authors:   Universidad de Talca (Chile), Navarro-Conticello Jose , Benedetti Alejandro ,   Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Published: June 2020

Este artículo estudia los imaginarios asociados a la frontera norte de la Argentina en el discurso de su prensa nacional durante la transición presidencial entre el kirchnerismo, de ideología nacional-popular, y el macrismo, conservador-neoliberal (2015-2016). En el norte, la Argentina comparte fronteras internacionales con todos sus países limítrofes: toda la frontera con Bolivia, Paraguay y Brasil, y parte con Uruguay y Chile. Sin embargo, la denominación frontera norte no ha alcanzado mayor precisión en el discurso académico y oficial. Pese a ello, en el discurso periodístico se fue asociando empíricamente, con frecuencia, a la frontera internacional que la Argentina comparte con Bolivia y Paraguay. Se aplicó un análisis crítico de discurso a 47 artículos periodísticos que mencionan la frontera norte de la Argentina publicados en La Nación, de línea editorial conservadora, y Página/12, de línea editorial progresista, diarios de circulación nacional con base en el centro político-administrativo del país, la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Los resultados muestran que estos difieren en el tratamiento del tema, consistentemente con sus respectivas líneas editoriales, aunque coinciden en representar a la frontera norte de la Argentina como un territorio lejano, degradado y desfavorecido.
Targeted Program in an Academic Rheumatology Practice to Improve Compliance With Opioid Prescribing Guidelines for the Treatment of Chronic Pain
Authors: Wang Eric J. , Helgesen Rebecca , Johr Chadwick R. , Lacko Hannah S. , Ashburn Michael A. , Merkel Peter A.
Published: June 2020

Objective

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and many state governments have issued guidelines for opioid prescribing for the treatment of chronic noncancer‐associated pain. We sought to decrease practice variation and increase compliance with these guidelines in a tertiary academic rheumatology practice by developing an interdisciplinary opioid working group and using electronic health record (EHR)–integrated data feedback.

Methods

Division leadership and providers established shared goals at interdisciplinary meetings involving rheumatology, pain medicine, nursing, and pharmacy. Interventions included educational sessions on opioid prescribing guidelines and the sharing of individual de‐identified prescribing patterns. An opioid dashboard page within the EHR allowed every provider to see individualized and division‐wide data that tracked process measures based on CDC and state‐specific guidelines. Baseline data from June to August 2017 were compared with monthly data through December 2018.

Results

At baseline, 40% of patients had an active opioid agreement (a Pennsylvania guideline and a New Jersey law), 25% had a urine drug screen result within 12 months of their most recent opioid prescription, and 24% had a concurrent benzodiazepine prescription. After 16 months, these percentages improved to 88%, 66%, and 16%, respectively. The average number of opioid tablets prescribed per month decreased from 59,733 to 48,966 (–18%; P = 0.02).

Conclusion

Shared goals developed through interdisciplinary input and readily accessible data feedback can markedly increase provider compliance with national and state‐specific guidelines for opioid prescribing for the treatment of chronic noncancer‐associated pain in rheumatology.
Twofold Interpenetrated 2D MOF Nanosheets Generated by an Instant In Situ Exfoliation Method: Morphology Control and Fluorescent Sensing
Authors: Liu Qiang , Li Xiaofang , Wen Yuehong , Xu Qingdou , Wu Xin‐Tao , Zhu Qi‐Long
Published: June 2020

Metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets, an emerging family of 2D materials, have gained significant attention due to their thin thickness, large surface areas, abundant exposed accessible active sites, etc. However, it is still a big challenge to fabricate high‐quality 2D MOF nanosheets in high yields. Herein, a novel and facile synthetic strategy, named as instant in situ exfoliation method, is developed to prepare 2D MOF nanosheets with large lateral dimension, which combines the characteristics and advantages of the popular top‐down and bottom‐up approaches. Employing such methodology, the large MOF nanosheets with twofold interpenetrated 2D structure and unique fluorescent properties are massively obtained from the precursors in a high overall yield of 67%, of which the minimum thickness is ≈14.0 nm. Owing to their unique interpenetrated structure, lamellar morphology, and high fluorescent emission, the resultant MOF nanosheets are capable of functioning as an efficient fluorescent sensor to selectively and sensitively detect the Fe3+ and Al3+ ions, exhibiting much better detection limitation compared with the corresponding bulk MOF.
Rational Design of Nanocatalysts with Nonmetal Species Modification for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wu Yunzhen , Cao Shuyan , Hou Jungang , Li Zhuwei , Zhang Bo , Zhai Panlong , Zhang Yanting , Sun Licheng
Published: June 2020

Converting CO2 to valuable carbonaceous fuels and chemicals via electrochemical CO2 reduction by using renewable energy sources is considered to be a scalable strategy with substantial environmental and economic benefits. One of the challenges in this field is to develop nanocatalysts with superior electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for targeted products. Nonmetal species modification of nanocatalysts is of great significance for the construction of distinctive active sites to overcome the kinetic limitations of CO2 reduction. These types of modification enable the efficient control of the selectivity and significantly decrease the reaction overpotential. Herein, a comprehensive review of the recent progress of nonmetal species modification of nanocatalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction is presented. After discussing some fundamental parameters and the basic principles of CO2 reduction, including possible reaction pathways in light of theoretical modeling and experiments, the identification of active sites and elucidation of reaction mechanisms are emphasized for unraveling the role of nonmetal species modification, such as heteroatom incorporation, organic molecule decoration, electrolyte engineering, and single‐atom engineering. In the final section, future challenges and constructive perspectives are provided, facilitating the accelerated advancement of mechanism research and practical applications of green carbon cycling.
Adaptive functioning in children and adolescents with Trisomy X: An exploratory analysis
Authors: Wigby Kristen , Cordeiro Lisa , Wilson Rebecca , Angkustsiri Kathleen , Simon Tony J. , Tartaglia Nicole
Published: June 2020

Identifying the factors related to adaptive functioning will improve the information available to families and providers of females with Trisomy X. Cognitive and behavioral features were assessed in 50 females ages 12.2 ± 3.6 years using the Behavior Assessment System for Children Second Edition (BASC‐2) and Wechsler Scales of Intelligence. Executive functioning, social skills, and autistic traits were evaluated in a subset. Adaptive functioning was assessed using the BASC‐2 adaptive skills composite score (ASC). Participants were classified as average adaptive skills (ASC T‐score > 40) or deficits (ASC T‐score < 40). Group comparisons were conducted. Multiple linear regression examined which factors contributed to ASC score. Twenty‐eight females (55.6%) had adaptive skills deficits with functional communication being the most commonly affected adaptive domain. The group with ASC in the average range had higher verbal IQ (VIQ) and lower rates of numerous behavioral concerns. Internalizing behavior composite, DSM‐IV inattentive symptoms score, and VIQ were significant predictors of ASC. Prenatally diagnosed females comprised over 70% of those with average adaptive skills. In this study, internalizing behaviors, inattentive ADHD symptoms, and VIQ were associated with poorer adaptive functioning. Early interventions targeting internalizing behaviors, attention/executive functioning, and communication skills may improve adaptive skills and deserve further study.
Cerebral oxygenation monitoring during resuscitation by emergency medical technicians: a prospective multicenter observational study
Authors: Hamanaka Kunio , Shimoto Manabu , Hitosugi Masahito , Beppu Satoru , Terashima Mariko , Sasahashi Nozomu , Nishiyama Kei
Published: June 2020

Aim

To assess the feasibility and predictive ability of regional cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation by emergency medical technicians.

Methods

This prospective observational study included 33 cardiac arrest patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a prehospital setting. Patients were connected to a near‐infrared spectrometer through two disposable probes immediately after entering the ambulance. The monitor, which showed regional cerebral oxygen saturation readings, was obscured by covering it with a sheet of paper. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation was measured continuously until hospital arrival. Outcome variables included the prehospital return of spontaneous circulation, survival to hospital admission, and survival at 90 days.

Results

For patients who survived >90 days after hospital admission (n = 2), the mean regional cerebral oxygen saturation values upon ambulance and hospital arrival were 24% and 60%, respectively; for patients who did not survive (n = 31), the mean regional cerebral oxygen saturation values were 15% and 17%, respectively. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation values increased to a greater extent between ambulance arrival and hospital arrival in patients who survived >90 days (median, 36%; interquartile range, 32–40%) than in those who did not survive (0; 0–6%; P = 0.07). Additionally, regional cerebral oxygen saturation values were not related to the prehospital return of spontaneous circulation or survival to hospital admission.

Conclusion

Regional cerebral oxygen saturation could be monitored during resuscitation by emergency medical technicians, and it can be used during physiological monitor‐guided cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Classification of Facial Expressions for Intended Display of Emotions Using Brain–Computer Interfaces
Authors: Salari Efraïm , Freudenburg Zachary V. , Vansteensel Mariska J. , Ramsey Nick F.
Published: June 2020

Facial expressions are important for intentional display of emotions in social interaction. For people with severe paralysis, the ability to display emotions intentionally can be impaired. Current brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) allow for linguistic communication but are cumbersome for expressing emotions. Here, we investigated the feasibility of a BCI to display emotions by decoding facial expressions. We used electrocorticographic recordings from the sensorimotor cortex of people with refractory epilepsy and classified five facial expressions, based on neural activity. The mean classification accuracy was 72%. This approach could be a promising avenue for development of BCI‐based solutions for fast communication of emotions. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:631–636
Regeneration of Burnt Bridges on a DNA Catenane Walker
Authors: Valero Julián , Famulok Michael
Published: June 2020

DNA walkers are molecular machines that can move with high precision onthe nanoscale due to their structural and functional programmability. Despite recent advances in the field that allow exploring different energy sources, stimuli, and mechanisms of action for these nanomachines, the continuous operation and reusability of DNA walkers remains challenging because in most cases the steps, once taken by the walker, cannot be taken again. Herein we report the path regeneration of a burnt‐bridges DNA catenane walker using RNase A. This walker uses a T7RNA polymerase that produces long RNA transcripts to hybridize to the path and move forward while the RNA remains hybridized to the path and blocks it for an additional walking cycle. We show that RNA degradation triggered by RNase A restores the path and returns the walker to the initial position. RNase inhibition restarts the function of the walker.
A Complex Comprising a Cyanine Dye Rotaxane and a Porphyrin Nanoring as a Model Light‐Harvesting System
Authors: Pruchyathamkorn Jiratheep , Kendrick William J. , Frawley Andrew T. , Mattioni Andrea , Caycedo‐Soler Felipe , Huelga Susana F. , Plenio Martin B. , Anderson Harry L.
Published: June 2020

A nanoring‐rotaxane supramolecular assembly with a Cy7 cyanine dye (hexamethylindotricarbocyanine) threaded along the axis of the nanoring was synthesized as a model for the energy transfer between the light‐harvesting complex LH1 and the reaction center in purple bacteria photosynthesis. The complex displays efficient energy transfer from the central cyanine dye to the surrounding zinc porphyrin nanoring. We present a theoretical model that reproduces the absorption spectrum of the nanoring and quantifies the excitonic coupling between the nanoring and the central dye, thereby explaining the efficient energy transfer and demonstrating similarity with structurally related natural light‐harvesting systems.
Bilayer‐Templated Two‐Dimensional RAFT Polymerization for Directed Assembly of Polymer Nanostructures
Authors: Dergunov Sergey A. , Pinkhassik Eugene
Published: June 2020

Co‐localization of monomers, crosslinkers, and chain‐transfer agents (CTA) within self‐assembled bilayers in an aqueous suspension enabled the successful directed assembly of nanocapsules using a reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process without compromising the polymerization kinetics. This study uncovered substantial influence of the organized medium on the course of the reaction, including differential reactivity based on placement and mobility of monomers, crosslinkers, and CTAs within the bilayer.
NIR‐NIR‐Aufkonvertierung in molekularen Chrom‐Ytterbium‐Salzen
Authors: Kalmbach Jens , Wang Cui , You Yi , Förster Christoph , Schubert Hartmut , Heinze Katja , Resch‐Genger Ute , Seitz Michael
Published: June 2020

Photonen‐Aufkonvertierung in hetero‐oligonuklearen, Metallkomplex‐Architekturen mit organischen Liganden ist ein interessantes, aber bisher selten beobachtetes Phänomen, trotz des großen Potentials sowohl aus Sicht der Grundlagenforschung als auch aus der Anwendungsperspektive. Nun wurde ein neues photonisches Material aus molekularen Chrom(III)‐ und Ytterbium(III)‐Komplexionen entwickelt. Dieses zeigt im Festkörper bei Raumtemperatur abhängig von der Anregungsleistungsdichte nach Anregung des 2F7/2→2F5/2‐Überganges des Ytterbiums bei ca. 980 nm eine kooperative Sensibilisierung der Chrom(III)‐zentrierten 2E/2T1‐Phosphoreszenz bei ca. 775 nm. Der Aufkonvertierungsprozess ist unempfindlich gegenüber Luftsauerstoff und kann in Gegenwart von Wassermolekülen im Kristallgitter beobachtet werden.
Fusion‐Induced Structural and Functional Evolution in Binary Emulsion Communities
Authors: Chen Haixu , Li Weiran , Lin Youping , Wang Lei , Liu Xiaoman , Huang Xin
Published: June 2020

The biomimetic dynamic behaviours of emulsions are receiving increasing attention from the broad scientific community; however, the spatiotemporal control and functionalization of emulsions based on simple fusion‐induced method is rarely mentioned. A design for protein‐stabilized oil‐in‐water droplets and phospholipid‐stabilized oil‐in‐water droplets is described and a substance‐diffusion‐mediated fusion mechanism proposed within these two different emulsion communities. Significantly, a range of fusion‐induced high‐order behaviours were successfully demonstrated including competitive fusion, fusion‐induced evolution in membrane complexity, and diversified structures with the formation of Janus or various patchy morphologies, fusion‐induced membrane maturation, as well as fusion‐induced multifunctionalization with a directional motility behaviour. These results highlight the fusion‐induced diverse dynamic behaviours in complex emulsions communities and provide a platform for advancing versatile applications of emulsions.
Synthetic Organic Design for Solar Fuel Systems
Authors: Warnan Julien , Reisner Erwin
Published: June 2020

From the understanding of biological processes and metalloenzymes to the development of inorganic catalysts, electro‐ and photocatalytic systems for fuel generation have evolved considerably during the last decades. Recently, organic and hybrid organic systems have emerged to challenge the classical inorganic structures through their enormous chemical diversity and modularity that led earlier to their success in organic (opto)electronics. This Minireview describes recent advances in the design of synthetic organic architectures and promising strategies toward (solar) fuel synthesis, highlighting progress on materials from organic ligands and chromophores to conjugated polymers and covalent organic frameworks.