bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chaussures à talons hauts et compensation phallique chez la femme
Authors: Meka Manuela Naud Mvondo
Published: August 2021

Les chaussures à talons hauts étaient réservées aux bouchers, qui les arboraient pour se protéger du sang des animaux. Par la suite, elles deviennent l’apanage des bourgeois aristocrates qui les chaussent pour exprimer leur grandeur. Elles sont à chaque fois liées à l’expression d’une problématique spécifique. Malgré les différents inconforts et pathologies dont elles sont à l’origine, les chaussures à talons hauts sont devenues un élément incontournable de la mode féminine et un symbole de la féminité. L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer la motion pulsionnelle profonde (inconsciente) qui pousse les femmes à arborer des chaussures qui, au-delà de la beauté visuelle dont elles font preuves, sont source d’un malaise physique bien réel. La psychanalyse appliquée a permis de mettre en évidence l’existence d’un sentiment inconscient d’infériorité chez la femme. La recherche d’une compensation phallique de cette infériorité ressentie est ce qui conduit au port des chaussures à talons hauts, en dépit des conséquences néfastes sur le corps. Une femme en talons hauts donne raison à Freud qui estime que toute la vie de la femme est une recherche du phallus.

High-heeled shoes were reserved for butchers, who wore them to protect themselves from the blood of animals. They subsequently became the prerogative of the bourgeois aristocrats who put on their shoes to express their greatness. They are each time linked to the expression of a specific problem. Despite the various discomforts and pathologies they cause, high-heeled shoes have become a staple of women's fashion and a symbol of femininity. The objective of this study is to determine the deep drive (unconscious) motion that prompts women to wear shoes which, beyond the visual beauty they demonstrate, are a source of very real physical discomfort. Applied psychoanalysis has brought to light the existence of an unconscious feeling of inferiority in women. The search for phallic compensation for this perceived inferiority is what leads to wearing high heels, despite the negative consequences on the body. A woman in high heels agrees with Freud who considers that the whole of a woman's life is a search for the phallus.
Activites coopératives et acquisition de compétences sociales par des adolescents auteurs de viol du centre d’observation des Mineurs de Bouake (RCI)
Authors: Sadia Martin Armand
Published: August 2021

En quoi les activités coopératives influent-elles sur l’acquisition de compétences sociales par les adolescents auteurs de viol ? Telle est la question qui a suscité cette étude réalisée au Centre d’Observation des Mineurs (COM) de Bouaké. L’objectif visé est d’évaluer les influences des activités coopératives sur l’acquisition des compétences sociales par les adolescents privés de liberté. L’hypothèse principale postule que « plus les enfants délinquants auteurs de viol ont des activités coopératives, plus ils acquièrent des compétences sociales ». L’ancrage théorique de cette étude est un modèle interactionniste qui s’inspire de l’interactionnisme sociale de Vygotsky et Brunner et de la théorie de l’interdépendance sociale de Deutsch (1949, 1962). Pour collecter les données, l’on a eu recourt à la méthode comparative et aux techniques de l’observation structurée autour de trois grilles et de la recherche documentaire. Les principaux résultats obtenus révèlent que les activités coopératives influent sur les comportements sociaux, l’adoption de comportements responsables et enfin, la capacité de travailler en équipe des sujets d’un temps T1 à un temps T2. Ces résultats confirment ainsi l’hypothèse générale formulée en ce sens qu’ils ont établi que la coopération est un outil de « facilitation sociale pour désigner l’effet positif du groupe, sur les acquisitions des personnes le constituant.

How do cooperative activities affect the acquisition of social skills by adolescent rapists? This is the question that prompted this study conducted at the Centre d'Observation des Mineurs (COM) in Bouaké. The objective is to evaluate the influence of cooperative activities on the acquisition of social skills by adolescents deprived of their liberty. The main hypothesis postulates that "the more delinquent children engage in cooperative activities, the more social skills they acquire''. The theoretical anchor of this study is an interactionist model that draws on Vygotsky and Brunner's social interactionism and the theory of social interdependence of Deutsch's (1949, 1962). To collect the data, we used the comparative method and the techniques of observation structured around three grids and documentary research. The main results obtained reveal that cooperative activities influence social behaviors, the adoption of responsible behaviors and finally, the ability to work in teams of the subjects from time T1 to time T2. These results confirm the general hypothesis formulated in the sense that they established that cooperation is a tool of "social facilitation to designate the positive effect of the group, on the acquisitions of the people constituting it".
Migración Circular, Gestión y Rentabilidad de la Fuerza de Trabajo: El Caso de la Comunidad Agrícola de José Narciso Rovirosa, Quintana Roo
Authors: Méndez Eliana Cárdenas , Cahuich Zuemy M. Cahuich
Published: August 2021

El propósito de este artículo es presentar las dinámicas de las nuevas formas de gestión y de apropiación de la fuerza de trabajo en el capitalismo global, tomando en cuenta la migración circular de los jornaleros agrícolas temporales de la comunidad de José Narciso Rovirosa, del Estado de Quintana Roo, que migran cíclicamente, mediante el programa de empleo temporal PTAT, a trabajar en las granjas de Canadá. Se parte de una presentación general sobre el concepto de migración circular entendida, en este trabajo, como el patrón de desplazamiento característico del capitalismo global para la maximización y rentabilidad de la fuerza de trabajo proveniente de países en desarrollo. Se afirma que los migrantes circulares encuentran en las comunidades de origen entramados económicos, sociales y políticos, que no permiten que las remesas obtenidas mediante condiciones de sobreexplotación en las granjas canadienses, se conviertan en fuente de desarrollo para la comunidad; pone en discusión la justificación para la gestión de la migración como factor de desarrollo en las comunidades de origen, se reafirma en cambio la migración como dinámica causal acumulativa que obliga a los trabajadores a buscar en la migración el único horizonte de sobrevivencia.

This paper focuses on presenting the dynamics of the new forms of management and appropriation of labour power in global capitalism. It takes into account the circular migration of temporary agricultural labourers from the community of José Narciso Rovirosa, in the state of Quintana Roo, who migrate cyclically, through the temporary employment programme PTAT to work on farms in Canada. The paper begins with a general presentation of the concept of circular migration. This study is considered as the pattern of displacement characteristic of global capitalism for the maximization and profitability of the labour force from developing countries. It is affirmed that circular migrants find in their communities of origin economic, social, and political frameworks. These frameworks do not allow remittances obtained through conditions of overexploitation in Canadian farms to become a source of development for the community. It questions the justification for the management of migration as a factor of development in the communities of origin. It also reaffirms migration as an accumulative causal dynamic that forces workers to seek migration as the only horizon of survival.
Centro de Interpretación de la Cultura Cusqueña
Authors:   , Loza Villavicencio Lourdes Emperatriz
Published: August 2021

Un Centro de Interpretación de Cultura es aquel equipamiento arquitectónico que promueve la investigación, conservación, divulgación y puesta en valor del objeto que lo constituye mediante la revelación del significado del legado cultural o histórico a través de la interacción del público con la información expuesta en cada ambiente que lo conforme. Mediante el presente proyecto de tesis se presenta la propuesta del Primer Centro de Interpretación de la Cultura Cusqueña, proyecto que nace de un previo análisis de la problemática y la fijación de objetivos, y del estudio del lugar donde este se emplazará, para lo que se buscaron referentes existentes a nivel mundial y nacional. Posteriormente, se procederá con el análisis técnico del lote, y con la programación arquitectónica del proyecto.
Biblioteca Municipal del Callao
Authors:   , Perich Soto Nathaniel Alonso
Published: August 2021

El Callao cercado es un distrito que ha crecido exponencialmente a nivel poblacional a lo largo de los años. No obstante, la oferta cultural gratuita no fue de la mano con este crecimiento. La biblioteca municipal actual data del año 1943, y desde entonces, no ha sufrido mayor cambio que la adapte a los tiempos presentes. Esta no solo necesitaba de un incremento de área de lectura para atender a la mayor cantidad de población, sino de nuevos usos que la conviertan en un edificio vigente y variado a nivel funcional, características intrínsecas y actuales de la tipología. Era necesario de un edificio flexible espacialmente, que pueda adaptarse a los cambios en el futuro, pero también de un proyecto que, a pesar de su contemporaneidad, se inserte apropiadamente en un marcado contexto histórico. La presente tesis plantea una alternativa de biblioteca municipal actualizada que, desde el uso, es un complemento a la formación y educación en todas sus etapas, y que, desde lo urbano, aporta animación a la zona monumental y al mismo tiempo fortalece sus características morfológicas respetándolas y respetando el patrimonio edificado presente en el terreno, entendiéndolo como parte del proyecto.
Colegio Público en Villa María del Triunfo
Authors:   , Haode Lin
Published: August 2021

El presente documento tiene como finalidad desarrollar el proyecto de un Colegio Público en Villa María del Triunfo. Este busca responder a la problemática actual de esta zona, la cual consiste en la ausencia de infraestructura educativa, con condiciones ideales de escala, programa y equipamiento que además de servir a los alumnos, también contribuye con la población mediante el uso de espacios comunitarios diseñados. El proyecto permite no solamente los alumnos sino también las personas de la comunidad tengan la posibilidad de realizar actividades recreativos y culturales. La investigación está dividida en 6 capítulos: Presentación del Tema, Proyectos Referenciales, Programación Arquitectónica, Estudio del Terreno, Conclusiones y El Proyecto.
Nuevo estadio Alejandro Villanueva
Authors:   , Sánchez Vargas Pedro Antonio
Published: August 2021

La presente investigación desarrolla el contenido guía para el diseño de un nuevo estadio para el Club de Futbol profesional “Alianza Lima”. La investigación contiene 4 partes: la introducción, la cual contiene la motivación y el sustento del porqué es que se toma como iniciativa la investigación acerca del tema; el cuerpo, que contiene la investigación de proyectos referenciales, enfatizando sus respectivas correspondencias locales y cómo influyen en su análisis para usar la información como herramienta de trabajo; el lugar, en donde el edificio se situará, su contexto urbano directo y condiciones de tres terrenos a escoger; y finalmente, los criterios de diseño que son las conclusiones gráficas para tomar en cuenta a la hora de diseño del proyecto de arquitectura.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SCREEN TIME: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN ALIGARH, NORTH INDIA
Authors: Ahmad Sameena , Abedi Ali Jafar , Ansari Mohammad Athar , Khalil Salman , Khan Mohd. Najmul Aqib
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTChildren have been exposed to electronic devices. They grow up thinking that these devices are a part of their daily lives. As they get older, their dependency on such devices grows, even during school days. As a result, their physical activity is hardly handled even until they reach adulthood. This study assessed the frequency of physical activity, duration of screen time, and association between these variables amongst school children. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 800 school-based adolescents aged 12 to 14 years at A.M.U. High Schools, Aligarh, in July 2018 to June 2019. Students were asked about their physical activity and screen habits by disseminating a self- reported questionnaire. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 20.0. The study found that most of the students had adequate physical activities (75.51%), while the reported screen time duration was also adequate for most (59.1%).The association between the two variables was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). For the students with inadequate frequency of physical activity and enough duration of screen time, interventions should be done both at family and school levels to make them more physically active and better at performing studies and reaping the benefits of good health. Keywords: physical activity, school children, adolescents, screen time
THE RELATIONSHIP OF RESPONDENT CHARACTERISTICS, KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND OWNERSHIP OF LATRINES TOWARDS ITS LOW USE OF LATRINES IN GUNUNG ANYAR VILLAGE, SURABAYA CITY
Authors: Laika Anca , Adriyani Retno
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTGunung Anyar Tambak village had the lowest access to latrines. Some residents defecate in rivers or other places. The study was conducted to determine a relationship of factors and low use of latrines in Gunung Anyar Tambak village. It was observational research with a cross sectional design. Samples were selected from the population through simple random sampling. Guided interviews were conducted to 75 respondents in RW 01 Gunung Anyar Tambak village. The research variables were respondent characteristics (education level and income level), knowledge, attitudes, and latrine ownership. Data analysis was done using the Chi-square test with a degree of confidence at 95%. The results showed a significant relationship between respondent characteristics including education level (p = 0.000), income level (p = 0.000), knowledge (p = 0.006), attitude (p = 0.003), and latrine ownership (p = 0.000) on low use of latrines. The variable with the strongest relationship was latrine ownership. Keywords: education, income, knowledge, attitude, latrine ownership
LITERATURE REVIEW: THE ROLE AND EFFECTS OF HOSPITAL HEALTH PROMOTION ON HEALTH POLITICS
Authors: Ramadhani Neula Armyttha Rizki
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTAn applicable health system must be integrated with existing health facilities in the community, such as health facilities at hospitals. One of the efforts made by the hospital is hospital health promotion aimed to enable patients and their families to prevent health problems, improve health more independently, and be active in the healing process, of course while being supported by policy regulations. This study aimed to describe the implementation of hospital health promotion as a health political product that certainly affects the degree of public health. This study was a literature review. Data were collected by library research. Based on the results, making a political decision (especially in the health sector) would affect the health of the community, in addition to politics being influenced by the state of public health. The role of hospitals as health promoters could be realized through hospital health promotion with a new preventive paradigm. Moreover, health promotion could also help improve fair and equal health services while still prioritizing quality and promoting preventive and promotive efforts. More numbers of health personnel both in the curative and preventive treatment should be considered for health policymaking to improve health services, especially in hospital settings. Keywords: health promotion in hospital, health politics
Organic Matter of Domanik Deposits of the Timan–Pechora Basin: the Oil Window Conditions
Authors: Bushnev D.A. , Burdel’naya N.S. , Shadrin A.N. , Fadeeva N.P. , Smirnov M.B.
Published: August 2021

—A comprehensive study of Domanik deposits of the Timan–Pechora Basin has been carried out. The examined composition of hydrocarbon biomarkers, chemical structure of kerogen, carbon isotope composition, and rock lithology, the Rock-Eval pyrolysis data, and the contents of bitumen and Corg in the rocks give an insight into the geochemical processes in the oil window in the Domanik deposits, which took place at Tmax = 435–450 °C. The bitumen coefficient βCB is maximum in this temperature interval, reaching 30%. The obtained data on the distribution of polycyclic biomarkers in the Domanik rocks and the bitumen and Rock-Eval pyrolysis data allowed determining the boundary values of biomarker maturity coefficients in the study of the maturation of organic matter of the rocks. The carbon isotope composition of bitumen fractions in the Domanik rocks is considered, and the bimodal distribution of the δ13C values of the bitumen is shown.
Geochemistry of High-Molecular Weight Dimethylalkanes
Authors: Kashirtsev V.A. , Dzyuba O.S. , Nikitenko B.L. , Kostyreva E.A. , Ivanova I.K. , Shevchenko N.P.
Published: August 2021

—The homologous series of high-molecular weight dimethylalkanes (HMWDMAs) with either odd- or even-numbered carbon chains in the range from C19–20 to C30–31 have been identified in organic matter from recent and partially lithified deposits of Siberia and the Russian Platform by chromatography–mass spectrometry. The first homologous series is represented by even-numbered 3,4-HMWDMAs followed by the alternation of odd-numbered 3,5-HMWDMAs, even-numbered 3,6-HMWDMAs, and odd-numbered 3,7-HMWDMAs. The most abundant are 3,7-dimethylalkanes. The microbial origin of high-molecular weight dimethylalkanes is the most likely explanation for their presence in the fossil organic matter. The precursors of HMWDMAs might have been tetra- and diether lipids of archaea and bacteria. It is assumed that HMWDMAs and other immature hydrocarbons from great depths (SV-27 and SG-6 superdeep boreholes) result from the decomposition of asphaltenes, which occluded the related compounds inside their structure during the early stages of generation and carried them unchanged throughout the “oil window”.
The Vendian–Cambrian Cyclometric Stratigraphic Scale for the Southern and Central Siberian Platform
Authors: Mel’nikov N.V.
Published: August 2021

—The general Vendian stratigraphic scale of Siberia, with the uncertain age of the Vendian base ranging from 600 to 630– 640 Ma in most of recent publications, remains worse constrained than the Cambrian scale, in which the boundaries of epochs and stages have been well defined. However, the imperfect classical stratigraphic division has been compensated by data on the cyclicity of the Vendian–Cambrian sedimentary section. The Vendian stratigraphy of the Siberian Platform and the related deposition history with cycles of sedimentation and gaps, as well as the hierarchy of sedimentation processes, can be inferred from the succession of alternating clastic, carbonate, and salt units. The cyclicity of geologic processes and their recurrence are attributed to periodic oscillatory motions of the crust. The ranks of these motions correlate with the cyclicity of sedimentary strata, including regocyclites, nexocyclites, and halcyclites separated by gaps. Each Vendian long-period oscillatory motion begins with a regocyclite and ends with a regional-scale gap. The Cambrian section includes one pre-Mayan regional gap at the end of the early Cambrian long-period cycle. Cambrian regocyclites are composed of carbonate subformations and formations in the lower part and alternating salt and carbonate beds in the upper part.
Fluid Geodynamics of Deeply Buried Zones of Oil and Gas Accumulation in Sedimentary Basins
Authors: Abukova L.A. , Volozh Yu.A
Published: August 2021

—We substantiate certain ideas concerning the key role of fluid-geodynamic processes in the evolvement of hydrocarbon accumulations at great depths, in the Earth’s crust. The presented geodynamic model of oil and gas accumulation is based on updated ideas of the structure of the Earth’s tectosphere, which includes plate, preplate, and folded complexes, and the model makes clearer the spatial scale of the organic matter transformation into hydrocarbons of the oil series. In the bottom layers of the Earth’s crust, we predict the existence of a special stagnation type of water-drive systems with the following distinguishing features: (a) different scales of manifestation, from local to regional; (b) a limited nature of processes of water exchange with the external environment; (c) absence of persistent drainage horizons (beds and interbeds); (d) alignment of hydrodynamic potentials in terms of depths and laterals; and (e) increasing importance of lithohydrochemical and organic-chemistry factors in the development of the void space of the fluid host medium. In their inner space, systems with difficult water exchange can exercise control over the evolvement and preservation of autoclave hydrocarbon systems for a long time, the key feature of the autoclave systems being spatial coincidence (localization) of the processes of oil and gas generation and accumulation. We assume that, in the settings of all-round compression, hydrodynamic instability, and no drainage, occurrence of productive zones is controlled by foci of low pore (reservoir) pressures rather than by local hypsometric highs. We present results of prediction of the development of water-drive stagnation systems occurring in the subsalt deposits of the Caspian depression within the unpenetrated areas of the subsalt profile. For the sedimentary cover at large (and ultralarge) depths, a prediction of reservoir pressures was made, which can be regarded as a necessary component in any prediction of oil and gas potential, since it makes it possible to contour some new (previously unknown) industrially significant zones of hydrocarbon accumulation.
Getting Your Perforations in a Line Can Mean More-Productive Fracturing
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen
Published: August 2021

Want more production from a shale well? Consider lining up the perforations.

A handful of speakers at the recent SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference talked about improved fracturing results with oriented perforating—shooting the holes at the same place in the casing, often the top.

This breaks from designs that arranged the holes in a helical pattern with each charge angled 60° from the previous one.

“We did see indications we are getting better production from oriented perforating,” said Blake Horton, senior completions engineer for Ovintiv (SPE 204177).

Production gains were also reported by ConocoPhillips which compared production from similar wells with and without oriented perforating. The analysis was designed to filter out differences in the geology, drilling, and completions.

It concluded the value of the added production far exceeded the $20,000-per-well cost of installing the assembly, including a weight bar to tilt the perforating guns into position.

“That’s less than the undiscounted value of 400 barrels of oil. An internal study indicated that ConocoPhillips improved estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) by a minimum of 5% when using high-side-oriented perforating,” said Dave Cramer, senior engineering fellow at ConocoPhillips and an early advocate for the method.

“For an initial choked flow rate of 1,000 B/D, the payout on investment is 10 days or less,” he said.

Ovintiv declined to provide a number, but Horton said ConocoPhillips’ estimate is within Ovintiv’s range based on similar comparisons of wells with and without oriented perforating.

That number is at the low end of the estimates offered in discussions about oriented perforating performance at the conference. Higher estimates are questioned by those who doubt the test results can be sustained when the method is scaled up. What was certain is the number of users is rising and includes names such as Shell and Chevron.

“We found that oriented perforating definitely helps to treat all the clusters,” said Jon Snyder, a staff completion engineer for ConocoPhillips who presented the paper, adding, “by oriented perforating we mean that when we are perforating, we aim for the high side of the wellbore” (SPE 204203).

When Horton polled the audience at a recent talk, more than half of the respondents said they were using gun systems designed to orient the perforating charges at a target angle.

“A year from now, few people will not be doing oriented perforating; the advantages of it are clear,” Cramer said. He has been promoting the idea within the company for years with mixed acceptance.
Technology Focus: Decarbonization (July 2021)
Authors: Jenvey Nigel
Published: August 2021

Have you noticed the change in the oil and gas industry over the past year with its engagement in carbon management, decarbonization, and net-zero-emissions targets?

Policy support and technology advances in alternative energies have delivered massive cost reduction in renewables more quickly, and to a greater degree, than expected. Over the past few years, more of the world’s capital has been spent on electricity than oil and gas sup-ply, and more than half of all new energy-generation capacity is now renewable.

Some elements of society, therefore, have suggested that this is the beginning of the end for the fossil-fuel sector and call for investors to turn away from oil and gas and “leave it in the ground.”

In more than a century of almost continuous change, however, the oil and gas industry has a long track record of innovative thinking, creative solutions, and different business models. SPE papers and events that covered decarbonization during the past year show that a wide variety of solutions already exist that avoid, reduce, replace, offset, or sequester greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It is clear, therefore, that decarbonization technologies will now be as important as 4D seismic, horizontal wells, and hydraulic fracturing. That is why we now bring you this inaugural Technology Focus feature dedicated to decarbonization.

The experience and capability of the entire JPT community in decarbonization is critical. Please enjoy the following summary of three selected papers on the role of natural gas in fuel-switching; carbon capture, use, and storage (CCUS); and hydrogen technologies that deliver the dual challenge of providing more energy with less GHG emission.

There are many ways to engage in the SPE decarbonization efforts in the remainder of 2021. Regional events have addressed CCUS, hydrogen, geothermal, and methane. There is also the new SPE Gaia sustainability program to enable and empower all members who wish to engage in the alignment of the future of energy with sustainable development. The Gaia program has an on-demand library of materials, including an existing series on methane, and upcoming similar events on other energy transition, natural capital and regeneration, and social responsibility priorities. Get involved through your SPE section or chapter or contact your regional Gaia liaison to find out what Gaia programming you can support or lead at www.spe.org/en/gaia.
An Experimental Study of Steam-Solvent Coinjection for Bitumen Recovery Using a Large-Scale Physical Model
Authors: Sheng Kai , Okuno Ryosuke , Al-Gawfi Abdullah , Nakutnyy Petro , Imran Muhammad , Nakagawa Kazunori
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we present a solvent-assisted steam-assisted gravity drainage (SA-SAGD) experiment with multicomponent solvent (i.e., condensate) using a large physical model. The sandpack for the experiment had a porosity of 0.33 and a permeability of 5.6 darcies in the cylindrical pressure vessel that was 1.22 m in length and 0.425 m in internal diameter. The sandpack was initially saturated with 93% Athabasca bitumen and 7% deionized water. The main objective of this research was to study the in-situ thermal/compositional flow and produced bitumen properties in SA-SAGD with condensate.

After the preheating of the sandpack for 24 hours, SA-SAGD with 2.8-mol% condensate was performed at 50 cm3/min (cold-water equivalent) at 3500 kPa for 3 days. The experimental data of production, injection, and temperature distribution were recorded. Also, 10 samples of produced oil were taken and analyzed for density and asphaltene content. The sandpack was excavated after the experiment to analyze the asphaltene content in the remaining oil at different locations. A numerical simulation model was calibrated based on the data of material balance and temperature distribution, and it was validated with properties of the produced and excavated samples. The simulation model used fluid models based on experimental data of viscosities, densities, and bubblepoints for four condensate/bitumen mixtures.

Results showed that SA-SAGD was efficient in bitumen recovery with a cumulative steam-to-oil ratio (SOR) that was two to three times smaller than that in SAGD using the same physical model. Detailed analysis of the calibrated simulation model indicated that SA-SAGD enabled the steam chamber to expand more efficiently with a smaller amount of water throughput than SAGD. Volatile solvent components tended to remain in the chamber, and the condensed solvent components acted as a miscible carrier for bitumen components. The analysis further showed that the more efficient oil recovery in SA-SAGD occurred with predominantly cocurrent flow of oil and water near the chamber edge. SA-SAGD recovered a larger amount of asphaltene components (i.e., less in-situ upgrading) than SAGD likely because of its lower chamber temperature, shorter production period, and enhanced local displacement efficiency.
Deciphering The Molecular Pathogenesis Behind Neurological Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 And Drug Repurposing, A Systems Biology Approach
Authors: mozafar maryam , Mirmotalebisohi Seyed Amir , Sameni Marzieh , Dehghan Zeinab , Khazaei-Poul Yalda , Sepehrizadeh Zargham , Faramarzi Mohammad Ali , Shahverdi Ahmad Reza , zali hakimeh
Published: August 2021

Introduction: As the COVID-19 pandemic spreads worldwide, reports about the neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 are excessively increasing. However, there is still insufficient high-throughput data on neuronal cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 to help predict its neural pathogenesis. HCoV-OC43 is another member of the beta coronavirus family that has confirmed neuro-invasive effects and has available neural omics data. This study predicts the critical genes, biological processes, and pathways mediating in SARS-CoV-2 neurological manifestations using a systems biology approach.Method: We retrieved raw data related to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 infections from gene expression omnibus datasets (GSE147507 and GSE13879 respectively). We constructed gene regulatory networks for both infections, detected significant regulatory motifs by FANMOD software, and created their subnetworks. We also constructed PPI networks and identified the MCODE clusters. In the intersection of merged subnetworks of two viruses, the most critical genes were verified in GRN & PPI networks. We drug-repurposed for the selected target genes and performed the functional enrichment analysis using DAVID and String databases.Results: Some of the top KEGG pathway results included NF-kappa B, Toll-like receptor, NOD-like receptor, MAPK, and Neurotrophin signaling pathways. The most essential identified genes included IL6, TNF, HOXA5, POU2F2, ITGB3, STAT1, YY1, E2F6, ESR1, FOXO3, FOXO1, MEF2A, ATF3, ATF4, DDIT3, TCF4, BCL2L2, and BMP4. These genes were also involved in mechanisms of other viral infections of the nervous system. This study repurposes nine medicines with effects on COVID-19 neurological complications. Some of the repurposed drugs were previously registered in clinical trials for COVID-19 treatment.Conclusion: We recommended some identified crucial genes and medications to investigate further their potential role in treating COVID-19 neurological complications.
Geospatial Analysis of Land Use/Land Cover Dynamics on Lake Abaya-Chamo Wetland in Southern Rift-Valley of Ethiopia
Authors: Zekarias Tariku , Govindu Vanum , Kebede Yechale , Gelaw Abren
Published: August 2021

Wetlands worldwide and in Ethiopia have long been subject to severe degradation due to anthropogenic factors. This study was aimed at analyzing the impact of land use/cover dynamics on Lake Abaya-Chamo wetland in 1990–2019. Data were acquired via Landsat TM of 1990, ETM + of 2000, and OLI of 2010 and 2019 images plus using interview. Unsupervised and supervised classifications (via ERDAS14 and ArcGIS10.5) were applied to detect land use/cover classes. Normalized difference vegetation index, normalized difference water index, change matrix model and Kappa coefficients were used for analysis of the land use/cover dynamics in the lake-wetland. It was found that forest; water, shrub land, agricultural land, settlement and swamp area were the main land use/cover classes. While ‘settlement’ and ‘water body’ of the lake-wetland increased at progressively increasing magnitudes of changes in three periods within 1990–2019, ‘shrub land’ and ‘swamp’ declined at progressively increasing magnitudes of loss in the same periods. The NDWI result revealed that ‘swamp’ area shrank by 48.9% (2,991 ha) due to siltation-led expansion of the lake-water in three decades. Siltation, rapid population growth-led expansion of settlement and irrigation-based farming were the main drivers of the land use/cover dynamics and degradation of the lake-wetland. Thus, consistent mapping and integrated actions should be taken to curb the threats on the sustainability of the lake-wetland in Southern Ethiopia.
Weakening affinity of SUS304 asperities to die surface with TiN coating for preventing delayed cracks in deep-drawn cups
Authors: Tan Chin Joo , Phoo Yoong Hau
Published: August 2021

SUS304 stainless steel has strong affinity to carbon tool steel surfaces. Therefore, the flow of material in the flange portion during the deep drawing process is retarded, leading to increase in amount of wall thicknening along the cup edge and rising risk for delayed cracks. In this paper, TiN coating is applied to the drawing die surface to weaken the affinity. Under elevated blank holding forces (BHF), the experimental results showed that the crack-free BHF range for the TiN coated and the uncoated dies are 5~10 kN and 12 kN, respectively. The entire BHF range for successful drawn cups formed with the coated die are crack-free. The crack-free BHF magnitude is successfully lowered and the range is enlarged with the coating. Crack-free cups having large elongated height and low amount of wall thickening along the cup edge are formed. The weak affinity is evidenced by the low estimated coefficient of friction (COF) obtained from a FE simulation model based on the Coulomb’s law of friction. In contrast, the estimated COF of the uncoated die is high even at the low BHF due to the strong affinity. Therefore, delayed cracks are observed under BHF range of 7~11 kN. At BHF of 12 kN, wear fragments are formed in the boundary layer as a result of the continuous polishing of the SUS304 asperities by the uncoated die asperities. The COF is sharpyly decreased due to the smooth relative movement of contacting surfaces facilitated by the particles and the formation of cracks is prevented. However, the segments tend to penetrate into the SUS304 surface under excessive BHF of 13kN and above. The relative motions of the segments are prohibited, resulting in the reformation of the cracks.
Analytical Solution of 1D Advection-Dispersion Equation In Finite Groundwater Reservoir With Spatially Dependent Dispersivity And Two Inputs Sources With Source-Sink Term Impact
Authors: TJOCK-MBAGA Thomas , Abiama Patrice Ele , Ema'a Jean Marie Ema'a , Ben-Bolie Germain Hubert
Published: August 2021

This study derives an analytical solution of a one-dimensional (1D) advection-dispersion equation (ADE) for solute transport with two contaminant sources that takes into account the source term. For a heterogeneous medium, groundwater velocity is considered as a linear function while the dispersion as a nth-power of linear function of space and analytical solutions are obtained for and . The solution in a heterogeneous finite domain with unsteady coefficients is obtained using the Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT) with a new regular Sturm-Liouville Problem (SLP). The solutions are validated with the numerical solutions obtained using MATLAB pedpe solver and the existing solution from the proposed solutions. We exanimated the influence of the source term, the heterogeneity parameters and the unsteady coefficient on the solute concentration distribution. The results show that the source term produces a solute build-up while the heterogeneity level decreases the concentration level in the medium. As an illustration, model predictions are used to estimate the time histories of the radiological doses of uranium at diﬀerent distances from the sources boundary in order to understand the potential radiological impact on the general public.
MiR-219-5p is Involved In The Proliferation, Migration And Invasion of Oral Cancer Through SOX5 Regulation
Authors: Mao Rui , Zhou Ting , He Ying , Dong Xiao-Han , Xiyang Yan-Bin , Chen Bo , Ton Jun
Published: August 2021

Purpose Oral cancer has the characteristics of rapid progression, wide invasion and poor prognosis, which induces higher mortality in the patients. At present, there are about 300 thousand new cases of oral cell carcinoma worldwide. Particularly, the incidence rate of oral cancer in China is relatively high. Therefore, it urgently needs to understand the pathogenesis of oral cancer and molecular mechanisms underlying. Abnormal regulation of miR-219-5p is present in various types of cancer. However, the relationship between miR-219-5p and its targets in oral cancer has not been well evaluated. Methods Western blotting and Quantitative RT-PCR were used to detect the e CCK8 assay,Conlony formation assay and Transwell assays .The interaction between SOX5 and miR-219-5p and oral cancer was confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter assays.Result This study aims to investigate the possible roles of miR-219-5p and its potential target gene, SOX5, in the progress of oral cancer. Our data showed that the high miR-219-5p and low SOX5 expression levels were associated with improved survival rates in patients. miR-219-5p level was negatively correlated with the expression of SOX5. Genetic analysis and luciferase assay revealed that the miR-291-5p regulated SOX5 expression by targeting the 3'-UTR region of SOX5 mRNA. Functionally, we confirmed that miR-219-5p mimics inhibited SOX5 expression and suppressed the proliferation, colony formation ability, invasion and migration of oral cancer cells, SCC4 and SCC9. In contrast, inhibition of miR-219-5p increased SOX5 levels and promoted the vitality and mobility of oral cancer cells. Furthermore, special siRNA targeting SOX5 partially neutralized the effects of miR-219-5p inhibitor. Conclusions This study demonstrates that miR-219-5p may inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of oral cancer by targeting the expression of SOX5, which provided novel candidates for clinic prognosis and/or therapy.
Inhibiting The xCT Antiporter Sensitizes High Risk DLBCL to Doxorubicin-Containing Therapy
Authors: Wei Xiaolei , Wei Yongqiang , Song Jialin , Mai Yun , Yuan Fei , Zhang Jinghang , Feng Ru , Ye Bihui Hilda
Published: August 2021

Background. Although outcomes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have dramatically improved following the introduction of R-CHOP two decades ago, one-third of the patients fail to attain durable remission and require salvage and additional therapies. Many attempts to improve upon R-CHOP efficacy by incorporating targeted agents have failed, suggesting a need to better understand the mechanisms underlying R-CHOP resistance/responsiveness. We have previously reported that Doxorubicin (Dox), the main cytotoxic ingredient in CHOP, has subtype-specific mechanisms of cytotoxicity in DLBCLs due to differences in its subcellular distribution pattern. Specifically, Dox-induced cytotoxicity in the therapy refractory ABC-DLBCLs is largely dependent on oxidative stress rather than the DNA damage response. These findings suggest that R-CHOP outcome could be modulated by manipulating oxidative stress response in DLBCL cells. This study focuses on xCT, the light chain of the cystine/glutamate antiporter xc` that controls the rate-limiting step for glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. We demonstrate novel roles of the xCT-GSH-ROS axis in maintenance and therapeutic response of high risk DLBCLs. Methods. Prognostic significance of xCT protein expression in a cohort of 87 DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP were evaluated. Dynamic changes of the cellular GSH pool to Dox treatment were examined. xCT inhibition was achieved using a small molecular inhibitor sulfasalazine (SASP) and through shRNA-mediated knock-down. The ability of SASP to sensitize ABC-DLBCL/double-hit lymphomas to Dox-containing therapy was investigated in cell line and NSG-based xenograft models. Results. Dox elicits a rapid antioxidant response characterized by a GSH spike that can be eliminated by suppressing the xCT antiporter function. Mechanistically, xCT inhibition depleted the total GSH pool and markedly enhanced the p38-dependent apoptosis response following Dox treatment. Furthermore, supporting a role of the xCT-GSH axis in clinical response to Dox-containing therapies, xCT expression predicts poor prognosis among ABC-DLBCL but not GCB-DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP. Finally, we demonstrate that combinatorial treatment with Dox and SASP produced marked synergy in xenograft models for ABC-DLBCL/double-hit lymphomas. Conclusions. In ABC-DLBCL, the xCT-GSH-p38 axis plays a critical role in survival response to Dox-containing therapies. xCT inhibition may hold significant promise to improve the first-line treatment outcome of patients with high risk DLBCL.
Menstrual Abnormalities and Their Association With Stress and Quality of Life Among Females Studying Health Sciences
Authors: Alaskar Batool , Alhunaif Sara , Shaheen Mise Alreem , Alkadri Hanan
Published: August 2021

BackgroundMenstrual abnormalities seem to occur more frequently in students studying medicine and health sciences. Menstrual abnormalities have the potential to impact women’s health, their physical and emotional wellbeing as well as social and school functioning, there is a clear need for better understanding of these disease processes, their associations, and impact on quality of life. The present study aims to explore the association between menstrual abnormalities, psychological disturbances and eating disorders among female students studying health sciences subjectsMethodsThis was a cross-sectional study, in which students from all health science colleges at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Saudi Arabia, were asked to partake by answering questions pertaining to their demographic data, menstrual patterns, perceived stress, and quality of life using Perceived Stress Scale (PSS ) and the 20-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-20) respectively. All statistical analyses were done using IBM SPSS Statistics software.ResultsMost respondents had a normal length cycle, duration and flow. Many of our respondents reported some type of premenstrual symptoms with mixed symptoms being the most prevalent 44%. Those who had mixed premenstrual symptoms also had high levels of perceived stress (p<0.001). However, there was no correlation between menstrual cycle length and duration and levels of perceived stress. Regarding the SF-20 quality of life components who had premenstrual symptoms including pain, psychological symptoms , and mixed symptoms did poorly on the physical, social, and mental health aspects of quality of life.DiscussionOur findings are in line with those identified by other authors who demonstrate a strong positive correlation with premenstrual symptoms and perceived stress and also an association between menstrual abnormalities and quality of life and activities of daily living. Due to the cross-sectional nature of the study, causality cannot be determined and prospective studies are recommended in the futureConclusionsWe found that those who had menorrhagia, premenstrual symptoms, or eating disorders reported high levels of stress. We have also demonstrated a link between premenstrual symptoms, menstrual abnormalities, PCOS , and worse quality of life. We hope that this unique study will shed some light on the struggles faced by health science female students and help policy makers enhance mental and reproductive/endocrinological health care access for them
Thermally Induced Reduction of Hot Cracking Susceptibility in Electron Beam Welding of CuCr1Zr: A Numerical Approach
Authors: Chin R. , Effertz P. S. , Pires I. , Enzinger N.
Published: August 2021

Electron Beam Welding (EBW) is a highly effective and accurate welding process that is being increasingly used in industrial work and is of growing importance in manufacturing. In the current study, solidification cracking in EBW of a CuCr1Zr cylindrical geometry was explored. To investigate and prevent occurrence of hot cracking, a thermomechanically coupled numerical model was developed using Finite Element Method (FEM). An additional heat source was considered, in order to influence the resulting residual stress state, namely to minimize tensile stresses in the fusion zone during solidification. Hence, a methodical assessment of relevant parameters, such as the power, the diameter of the additional heat source and the distances between both heat sources was employed using Design of Experiments (DoE). It was found that for a particular parameter configuration, solidification cracking most likely could be averted.
Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Cytokine-Activated CD8+ T Cell Exhibit Broad Anticancer Activity
Authors: Zhang Lin , An Yang , Yang Xuena , Yu Wenwen , Li Baihui , Ji Zhenyu , Meng Shuai , Yang Quanyong , Wang Limei , Wei Feng , Yang Lili , ren xiubao
Published: August 2021

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the nano-sized membrane particles secreted by various cell types, which are involved in many important cellular processes. Recently, EVs originating from immune cells, such as dendritic cells, chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) and natural killer cells, have attracted much attention because of their known direct and indirect antitumor activity. Here, we reported another EV released by cytokine-activated CD8+ T cells (caCD8-EVs) and its phenotype and function. Methods: CaCD8-EVs were purified by ultracentrifugation and phenotypically characterized by flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity induced by caCD8-EVs was assessed using the CellTiter-Glo Viability assay in vitro and xenograft tumor established in vivo. The uptake of caCD8-EVs was detected by a Live Cell Imaging System and flow cytometry. Mass spectrometry and protein bioinformatics analysis, together with western blotting and real-time PCR, were used to investigate the effect of caCD8-EVs on the cancer cells.Results: CaCD8 cells released EVs following stimulation of CD8+ T cells with an anti-CD3 antibody and a cytokines cocktail ex vivo. Phenotype analysis showed that caCD8-EVs carried cytotoxic T cell membrane molecules (CD3, CD8 and TCRs) and partially inherited NKG2D molecule which was inductively expressed on the caCD8 T cells. In contrast, the nano-particles were devoid of checkpoint proteins on their surface. Notably, caCD8-EVs displayed extensive cytotoxicity against cancer cells, but limited effects on non-cancerous cell lines. Uptake assessment showed that actively dividing tumor cells were more likely to capture caCD8-EVs compared with resting cells. Mechanism analysis demonstrated for the first time that caCD8-EVs contained not only typical cytotoxic proteins (i.e., granzyme B and perforin) but also IFNg that participated in EVs-induced cytotoxicity.Conclusion: Our data reveal the characteristics of caCD8-derived EVs and support the use of these EVs as a novel potential approach for cancer therapy.