bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parentalité et pérennité des relations intimes hypogamiques en termes d’âge1
Authors: Alarie Milaine
Published: February 2019

Les enjeux relatifs à la parentalité – telles les capacités reproductives de la femme ou la capacité de l’homme à assurer le confort matériel de sa famille – sont fréquemment présentés comme des facteurs influençant les individus à choisir une relation intime où l’homme est plus âgé que la femme. Toutefois, peu de chercheurs se sont intéressés aux expériences vécues des individus entretenant des relations intimes hypogamiques en termes d’âge – soit les relations où la femme est plus âgée que son partenaire – et on ignore, à ce jour, si ces thèmes affectent la durabilité de ce genre de relation et, si tel est le cas, de quelle façon. À l’aide de 55 entrevues semi-dirigées menées auprès de femmes âgées de 30 à 60 ans qui ont un (ou des) partenaire(s) intime(s) plus jeune(s) qu’elles, j’explore dans cet article la perspective des femmes quant à la façon dont la question des enfants influence le développement de leur(s) relation(s) hypogamique(s) en termes d’âge. Ces entrevues révèlent que dans le contexte de développement initial des relations hypogamiques en termes d’âge, les enjeux associés à la parentalité influencent les choix conjugaux des femmes et ceux-ci sont principalement perçus comme des obstacles au développement et à la pérennité de leurs relation(s). Précisément, les limites biologiques à la fertilité féminine ainsi que le rapport (perçu) que les hommes plus jeunes entretiennent avec la conjugalité et parentalité s’imposent aux yeux des femmes comme des éléments nuisant à leur capacité de développer des relations durables avec des hommes plus jeunes. Cependant, peu de femmes décrivent l’(in)capacité des hommes plus jeunes à assurer le confort matériel de leur famille comme un obstacle au développement de ce type de relation intime.
Analisis Kesiapan Pembiayaan Hipertensi, Diabetes Melitus dan Gangguan Jiwa dalam Mendukung Program Indonesia Sehat dengan Pendekatan Keluarga (PIS PK) Tahun 2018-2020
Authors: Astuti Trihardini Sri Rejeki , Soewondo Prastuti
Published: February 2019

Program Indonesia Sehat dengan Pendekatan Keluarga (PIS PK) merupakan cara Puskesmas untuk meningkatkan jangkauan sasaran dan akses pelayanan kesehatan dengan mendatangi keluarga. Skala prioritas nasional dalam mencapai Indonesia Sehat salah satunya adalah menanggulangi penyakit tidak menular termasuk hipertensi, Diabetes Melitus dan Gangguan Jiwa yang prevalensinya semakin meningkat. Hipertensi, Diabetes Melitus dan Gangguan Jiwa merupakan salah satu indikator keluarga sehat dalam PIS PK untuk mencapai SPM. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara mendalam dan telaah dokumen. Kesiapan pembiayaan Hipertensi, Diabetes Melitus dan Gangguan Jiwa dihitung dengan menggunakan metode costing SPM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belanja kesehatan untuk PIS PK digunakan untuk sosialisasi, edukasi dan pendataan. Mengacu pada perhitungan costing SPM, Kota Depok mampu melaksanakan SPM untuk Pelayanan Dasar Hipertensi, Diabetes Melitus dan Gangguan Jiwa karena hanya menggunakan 1,38% APBD Kesehatan Belanja Langsung (Non Gaji). Akan tetapi, Kota Depok belum siap dalam melaksanakan PIS PK dalam hal komitmen, SDM, dan anggaran. Kota Depok sudah memahami PIS PK namun pelaksanaannya tergantung pada ketersediaan pembiayaan yang berasal dari pencairan anggaran DAK Non Fisik. Hal ini disebabkan karena terdapat jeda waktu antara proses pengusulan dan realisasi pencairan anggaran sementara SDM terbatas. Diperlukan proses perencanaan yang lebih optimal serta pengalokasian SDM sesuai kebutuhan.
US Pediatric Inpatient Care Loss Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: França Urbano L. , McManus Michael L.
Published: November 2024

This cross-sectional study compares the number of hospitals admitting children in 2021 compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic.
Disparities by Race and Urbanicity in Online Health Care Facility Reviews
Authors: Sehgal Neil K. R. , Agarwal Anish K. , Southwick Lauren , Pelullo Arthur P. , Ungar Lyle , Merchant Raina M. , Guntuku Sharath Chandra
Published: November 2024

Importance

Online review platforms offer valuable insights into patient satisfaction and the quality of health care services, capturing content and trends that traditional metrics might miss. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted health care services, influencing patient experiences.

Objective

To examine health care facility numerical ratings and patient experience reported on an online platform by facility type and area demographic characteristics after the COVID-19 pandemic (ie, post-COVID).

Design, Setting, and Participants

All reviews of US health care facilities posted on one online platform from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2023, were obtained for this cross-sectional study. Analyses focused on facilities providing essential health benefits, which are service categories that health insurance plans must cover under the Affordable Care Act. Facility zip code tabulation area level demographic data were obtained from US census and rural-urban commuting area codes.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the change in the percentage of positive reviews (defined as reviews with ≥4 of 5 stars) before and post-COVID. Secondary outcomes included the association between positive ratings and facility demographic characteristics (race and ethnicity and urbanicity), and thematic analysis of review content using latent Dirichlet allocation.

Results

A total of 1 445 706 reviews across 151 307 facilities were included. The percent of positive reviews decreased from 54.3% to 47.9% (P < .001) after March 2020. Rural areas, areas with a higher proportion of Black residents, and areas with a higher proportion of White residents experienced lower positive ratings post-COVID, while reviews in areas with a higher proportion of Hispanic residents were less negatively impacted (P < .001 for all comparisons). For example, logistic regression showed that rural areas had significantly lower odds of positive reviews post-COVID compared with urban areas (odds ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.72-0.83). Latent Dirichlet allocation identified themes such as billing issues, poor customer service, and insurance handling that increased post-COVID among certain communities. For instance, areas with a higher proportion of Black residents and areas with a higher proportion of Hispanic residents reported increases in insurance and billing issues, while areas with a higher proportion of White residents reported increases in wait time among negative reviews.

Conclusions and Relevance

This serial cross-sectional study observed a significant decrease in positive reviews for health care facilities post-COVID. These findings underscore a disparity in patient experience, particularly in rural areas and areas with the highest proportions of Black and White residents.
Lithium Batteries Operating at Wide Temperatures: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Chen Qian , Yang Zhilin , Zhai Pengbo , Luo Wenlei , Gong Yongji
Published: November 2024

The development of rechargeable lithium batteries (RLBs) has made a great contribution in solving the problems in the current era, such as energy shortage and climate change. With the expanding of application field of RLBs from portable device to large‐scale electric equipment, it is an urgent demand for RLBs to operate in a wide range of temperature. More and more attention has been paid to the design of wide‐temperature RLBs. Therefore, a timely and critical overview of the latest development in the field of RLBs operating at wide temperatures is needed. In this review, an in‐depth understanding on how the temperature affects the thermodynamics of lithium‐ion transport at electrodes, electrolytes, and electrode/electrolyte interfaces is emphasized. Recent progress in probing the temperature effects on electrochemical performance fading is comprehensively discussed. Different strategies to widen the working temperature of RLBs, including regulating the electrode degradation, interface evolution, and electrolyte solvation chemistry are also reviewed. Finally, an outlook of potential future research directions is also proposed, which sheds light on the design of novel electrodes and electrolytes for next‐generation RLBs operating at wide temperatures.
Wax‐Casted Macroporous Polyamidoxime Hydrogel Particles Encapsulated in Alginate‐Polyacrylic Acid Beads for Highly Efficient Uranium Capture from Seawater
Authors: Yang Jiajia , Geng Ningbo , Li Yun , Wu Lidong , Chang Tao , Shi Haitao , Ahmad Zia , Jiang Maojun , Qu Jian , Zhang Haijun , Chen Jiping , Huang Yanqiang
Published: November 2024

Extracting uranium from the ocean is considered a promising solution for meeting nuclear fuel consumption. To date, porous adsorbents fabricated with polyamidoxime (PAO), particularly macroporous PAO hydrogels, have demonstrated exceptional potential for uranium capture from natural seawater. Herein, a novel macroporous PAO hydrogel is developed via a well‐designed wax‐casting method. The developed wax‐casted macroporous PAO (WMPAO) hydrogel particles are subsequently encapsulated in alginate‐polyacrylic acid (A‐PAA) beads. The obtained A‐PAA@WMPAO beads exhibit a high qmax of 687.4 mg‐U/g‐Ads. and show a good adsorption capacity of 8.23 mg g−1 toward uranium in simulated seawater. Additionally, A‐PAA@WMPAO shows good reusability with a 31.2% reduction in uranium adsorption capacity after five consecutive adsorption‐desorption cycles. Furthermore, A‐PAA@WMPAO displays satisfactory extraction efficiencies of 95.9–99.5% for U‐spiked coastal seawater after 10 days of adsorption, achieving adsorption capacities ranging from 207.5 to 3963.2 µg g−1. Particularly, with the utilization of 4 mg of A‐PAA@WMPAO beads, a high adsorption capacity of 4.79 mg g−1 for uranium from 10 L of coastal seawater within 15 days is achieved. These obtained results comprehensively demonstrate the significant potential of the fabricated A‐PAA@WMPAO beads for uranium capture from natural seawater.
Optimization of the Rheological Properties of Fumed‐Silica‐Based Supporting Baths for Embedded Printing and Reduction of the Effect of Crevasse Formation
Authors: Vera Grace , Tisato Silvio , Nekoonam Niloofar , Shakeel Ahmad , Garfias Stephanie , Helmer Dorothea
Published: November 2024

In embedded 3D printing, the supporting gel must provide the right rheological properties to keep the ink in place. It has previously been shown that a strong and stable 3D network can be formed by particle–particle interactions of hydrophobic fumed silicas suspended in a polar solvent. Here, the rheological properties of fumed silica gels in polyethylene glycol (PEG) are investigated. The recovery properties like storage modulus, yield stress, and recovery time of the gels made of fumed silica with alkyl‐chains of different lengths are studied. A very fast recovery time (0.2 s) is achieved by increasing the length of the alkyl chains on the silica surface, leading to embedded printing results with high shape accuracy. However, with the engineered supporting gel, the formation of crevasses affects the shape of the filament. Previous approaches to reduce crevasse formation include the introduction of liquid fillers to avoid such distortions, which, however, prevents the reuse of the gels and leads to increasing waste production in embedded printing. Here, it is shown that by adjusting the rheology of the inks to fit the rheology of the supporting gel, high‐shape accuracy prints with ideally round‐shaped filaments can be achieved without the need for liquid fillers.
Soft Sensors via Conductive Textile Stitching: Enabling Strain, Tactile, and Volumetric Sensing
Authors: Seong Jihun , Lee Ju‐Hee , Han Min‐Woo
Published: November 2024

In fields such as wearable technology and soft robotics, sensors that detect bending and pressure using flexible materials are becoming essential. This study aims to develop textile sensors using stitching methods with conductive yarn. Four types of sensors introduced: tensile and tactile sensors with rubber bands, flex sensors with films, and volumetric sensors with balloons. High sewing density and multi‐layer design improve performance. Experiments reveale a gauge factor (GF) of 1.52 for the multi‐layered tensile sensor under 11% strain, indicating a 20% improvement over single‐layer sensors. Flex sensors effectively detect resistance changes due to curvature, varying with bending velocity. Volumetric sensors demonstrate their adaptability in many shapes and materials with response times under 1 s. There is significant potential for these flexible and adaptable soft sensors in the healthcare and medical industries, especially due to their easy integration with wearable devices.
Soft Elastic, Thermally Conductive, Electrically Insulating h‐BN@EGaIn/Ecoflex Composites as Encapsulation and Thermal Interface Materials Applicated in Wearable Electronics
Authors: Fu Qi‐Qi , An Zijian , Dong Ailing , Zhang Shenglin , Zhou Weixin , Chu Ruoning , Qi Yizhou , Ai Jun , Liu Qingjun
Published: November 2024

Thermal management is crucial in advanced wearable electronics, especially those with high integration and miniaturization, or incorporating self‐powered systems utilizing body heat. However, the low thermal conductivity of traditional silicone rubber encapsulation presents a major challenge to thermal management in wearable electronics. In this study, hexagonal boron nitride@Eutectic Gallium‐Indium/Ecoflex (h‐BN@EGaIn/Ecoflex) composites, a soft elastic material is developed that is thermally conductive yet electrically insulating, capable of serving as encapsulation and thermal interface materials in wearable devices. The key of successfully designing h‐BN@EGaIn/Ecoflex composites with such thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties is the anchoring of EGaIn on the h‐BN surface. Also, there exists a trade‐off in thermal‐electrical and thermal‐mechanical properties of the composites during the preparation of h‐BN@EGaIn hybrid fillers and their incorporation into the Ecoflex elastomer. In application demonstrations, through replacing the polydimethylsiloxane supporting layer with h‐BN@EGaIn/Ecoflex composites, a 20 K operation temperature decrease is observed in a wearable light‐emitting diode lamp. In addition, the output of a wearable thermoelectric generator encapsulated with h‐BN@EGaIn/Ecoflex composites increases by 100% compared to that encapsulated by Ecoflex. These results clearly show the benefits of substituting h‐BN@EGaIn/Ecoflex for silicon rubber encapsulation in wearable electronics.
Magnetic Field‐Based Non‐Destructive Testing Techniques for Battery Diagnostics
Authors: Zhao Kun , Wan Xuanhong , Lin Yenchen , Wu Hongbo , Tan Xiang , Zou Shuhao , Zhu Min , Liu Jun
Published: November 2024

With the widespread application of batteries in modern society, ensuring their safety and performance has become crucial. Traditional diagnostic methods, while providing valuable insights into battery performance, often require destructive sampling, making it difficult to achieve non‐destructive and real‐time monitoring. As a result, magnetic field‐based non‐destructive testing techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic field imaging (MFI), have emerged as powerful tools for battery diagnostics. These techniques have garnered significant attention due to their non‐invasive nature and real‐time detection capabilities, allowing for the identification of defects and malfunctions under normal operating conditions without disassembling the battery or interrupting its use. This paper reviews recent advancements in the application of magnetic field‐based non‐destructive testing technologies for battery diagnostics, analyzing both their strengths and limitations. Through a comprehensive assessment of current research findings, this work provides researchers and engineers with a systematic reference to promote the application and development of magnetic field technologies in the battery field. Additionally, this review discusses the challenges and limitations encountered by magnetic field technologies in battery diagnostics and provides recommendations for their future development. The objective is to offer insights and foster continued innovation and advancement in this field.
Single Crystal Sodium Layered Oxide Achieves Superior Cyclability at High Voltage
Authors: Yang Dongrun , Long Yutong , Gao Xuan‐Wen , Zhao Zhiwei , Chen Hong , Lai Qinsong , Li Cheng , Niu Runze , Liu Zhaomeng , Gu Qinfen , Luo Wen‐Bin
Published: November 2024

High‐energy density and long‐lifespan have been a long‐standing target toward the high‐voltage sodium batteries requirement. It is important and essential to explore cathode materials, which can realize high voltage stability. Large‐sized single‐crystal O3‐typed Na[Ni0.3Mn0.35Cu0.1Ti0.25]O2 is thus designed and successfully synthesized by molten salt‐assist calcination method. The high‐orientation crystal lattice without grain boundaries cannot only accelerate the ion diffusion rate and electronic conductivity, but also minimize the occurrence of phase transitions and mechanical stress to address the crystal oxygen loss. Meanwhile, the large‐exposed stable (003) crystal plane can alleviate the electrolyte attacking and corrosions, forming a stable interface structure. The obtained material exhibits capacity retention rates of 84.4% and 90.1% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C and 1 C, respectively. Once coupled with hard carbon as anode, the full‐cell retains a high 81.5% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 2 C.
The Annexin A1 Protein Mimetic Peptide Ac2‐26 prevents cellular senescence of CHON‐001 chondrocytes against tumor necrosis factor‐α via the Nrf2/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Yang Lei , Gong Kaijian , Ren Guoxing , Chen Bo
Published: November 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder characterized by progressive cartilage degradation. Excessive oxidative stress (OS), inflammatory responses, extracellular matrix breakdown, and cellular senescence of chondrocytes play crucial roles in the pathological development of OA. Currently, curing OA remains a significant challenge. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the protective effects of Annexin A1 protein Mimetic Peptide (Ac2‐26) against tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)‐induced damage in CHON‐001 chondrocytes by assessing cellular senescence, OS, and the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)‐4. Our results show that Ac2‐26 mitigated the reduction of telomerase activity and the exacerbation of cellular senescence induced by TNF‐α in CHON‐001 chondrocytes. Treatment with TNF‐α led to decreased expression of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene and increased expression of the telomeric repeat‐binding factor 2 gene, which were reversed by Ac2‐26 treatment. The TNF‐α‐induced increases in the gene and protein expressions of p53 and p16 were restored by Ac2‐26 in a dose‐dependent manner. Additionally, we found that TNF‐α caused elevations in the mRNA and protein levels of MMP‐13 and ADAMTS‐4, which were reduced by Ac2‐26 in a dose‐dependent fashion. Furthermore, TNF‐α triggered the activation of nuclear factor κ‐B (NF‐κB) by increasing the levels of phosphorylated NF‐κB p65 and the luciferase activity of NF‐κB. Notably, Ac2‐26 alleviated OS by reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels and promoting the activation of NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) in TNF‐α‐challenged CHON‐001 chondrocytes. Silencing Nrf2 abolished the Ac2‐26‐induced activation of NF‐κB and cellular senescence in CHON‐001 chondrocytes. Collectively, these findings offer new insights into the potential therapeutic use of Ac2‐26 for treating OA.
A simple approach to biophysical profiling of blood cells in extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma patients using deep learning‐integrated image cytometry
Authors: Park Seongcheol , Yoon Sang Eun , Song Youngho , Tian Changyu , Baek Changi , Cho Hyunji , Kim Won Seog , Kim Seok Jin , Cho Soo‐Yeon
Published: November 2024

Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) poses significant challenges in efficient treatment processes due to its aggressive nature and high recurrence rates. There is a critical need to develop a robust statistical model to predict treatment efficacy by dynamically quantifying biomarkers tailored to various stages of lymphoma. Recent analytics such as sequencing and microbiome tests have only been utilized to understand lymphoma progression and treatment response in clinical settings. However, these methods are limited by their quantitative analysis capabilities, long turnaround times, and lack of single‐cell resolution, which are essential for understanding the heterogeneous nature of lymphoma. In this study, we developed a deep learning‐enhanced image cytometry (DLIC) to investigate biophysical heterogeneities in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from newly diagnosed (ND) ENKTL patients. We established a substantial cohort of 23 ND ENKTL patients, categorizing them into interim of treatment (n = 21) and end of treatment (n = 19) stages along their serial treatment timelines. Using a basic optical microscope and a commercial microchip, we analyzed over 270,000 single PBMCs in high‐throughput, profiling their size, eccentricity, and refractive index in a completely label‐free and quantified manner through AI‐based nanophotonic computation. We observed distinct heterogeneity variations in these three biophysical indicators across treatment stages and relapse statuses, revealing solid mechanistic correlations among the phenotypes. We established a three‐dimensional single‐cell distribution map for ENKTL patients and created a standard for quantifying the change in occupational volume. Leveraging this extensive database, DLIC offers on‐site analytics in clinical settings, facilitating treatment assessment and prognosis prediction through label‐free biophysical analysis of patient PBMCs, extracted directly without additional sample preparation.
The Impact of Flipped Learning and Digital Laboratory in Basic Electronics Coursework
Authors: Portillo Francisco , Soler‐Ortiz Manuel , Sanchez‐Cruzado Cristina , Garcia Rosa M. , Novas Nuria
Published: November 2024

Advancements in electronics and the rapid evolution of technology necessitate that higher education institutions continuously adapt their curricula to accommodate new teaching methodologies and emergent tools. This paper examines the impact of integrating flipped learning and digital laboratories into practical sessions of a Basic Electronics course by analyzing 5 years of data. Using an action research methodology, the research was conducted through three phases: traditional in‐person teaching, fully online instruction during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and a hybrid model combining flipped classrooms, digital laboratories, and in‐person sessions. The findings reveal that the hybrid model, blending digital and traditional methods, significantly enhanced student performance, particularly in practical tasks. Furthermore, digital laboratories provide students with a risk‐free environment to simulate real‐world electronic scenarios, fostering deeper cognitive engagement and reducing the cognitive load during in‐person sessions. The flipped classroom structure encouraged active learning and peer collaboration, which led to greater student motivation, lower absenteeism, and improved learning outcomes. Additionally, students demonstrated a marked increase in their ability to apply theoretical knowledge to practical problems, highlighting the effectiveness of this approach in bridging the gap between theory and practice. This model enhances cognitive and motivational learning dimensions, providing a balanced, effective approach to modern engineering education. The results can potentially contribute to the understanding of effective pedagogical strategies in adapting engineering education to meet the challenges of the digital age.
Chemical Warfare in the Environment—Secondary Metabolites From Starfish (Asterias amurensis) Induce Teratogenicity in Medaka Embryos (Oryzias melastigma)
Authors: Lu Zhen , Wang Derui , Li Xiaodong , Yan Zhi , Yin Xiuli , Xu Youhou , Wang Song , Li Ke
Published: November 2024

Starfish saponins, known for their role as feeding deterrents against predators like crabs and fish, have been extensively studied for their antifeedant and cytolytic effects. Recent research suggests that starfish secondary metabolites possess antifouling and antifeedant properties and play a role in biological interactions and various ecological functions. Previous research demonstrated that saponins from starfish exert their toxic effects on fish by interacting with cholesterol in the blood cell membrane. This study investigated the hypothesis that secondary metabolites, other than saponins, from the starfish Asterias amurensis may be harmful to fish eggs, particularly marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) eggs, which share starfish habitat. We systematically separated the secondary metabolites of A. amurensis by a variety of chromatographic methods. Two oligoglycosides related to embryonic teratogenicity were identified, including one previously undescribed tetrasaccharide (1) and one known pyrrole oligoglycoside (2). Their structures were established mainly on the basis of detailed analysis of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited strong lethality and significantly reduced voluntary movements in medaka embryos, with compound 2 showing more pronounced effects on teratogenicity and heart rates. The main morphological abnormalities observed included delayed head development (DHD), tiny spines (TS), incomplete absorption of oil balls (OB), cardiac abnormalities (CA), and shrunken yolk sacs (SYS). Our findings imply that starfish secondary metabolites may have broader ecological effects, influencing habitat‐sharing species in subtle but crucial ways.
Diagnostic Dilemma: Investigating Respiratory Symptoms in a Middle‐Aged Smoker
Authors: Nezhad Nazanin Zeinali , Fekri Mitra Samareh , Shahpar Amirhossein , Nakhaie Mohsen , Khazaeli Mana , Farrokhnia Mehrdad , Salajegheh Faranak
Published: November 2024

This case report presents a diagnostic challenge encountered in a 65‐year‐old male admitted with fever, dyspnea, chest pain, and hemoptysis, alongside constitutional symptoms including weight loss, night sweats, and fatigue. Despite initial suspicion for pulmonary thromboembolism and empirical antibiotic therapy for pneumonia, subsequent bronchoscopic evaluation revealed acute necrotizing granulomatous bronchitis, strongly indicative of endobronchial tuberculosis (TB). This diagnosis emphasizes the importance of considering TB in patients with chronic respiratory symptoms, particularly in high‐risk populations. Management involves initiating multidrug antitubercular therapy, close monitoring, infection control measures, and patient education. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial in optimizing outcomes and reducing disease burden in TB.
Plastic recycling: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Sambyal Pradeep , Najmi Parisa , Sharma Devansh , Khoshbakhti Ehsan , Hosseini Hadi , Milani Abbas S. , Arjmand Mohammad
Published: November 2024

This review offers an in‐depth exploration of current strategies for recycling plastic waste, focusing on mechanical, chemical, and energy recovery methods. It situates these strategies within the context of modern practices by examining ongoing research methodologies and specific case studies related to various types of plastic waste. The global crisis of plastic waste, along with various pre‐treatment methods, is thoroughly discussed. The section on mechanical recycling details the processes applicable to different plastics, highlighting key challenges such as thermo‐mechanical issues, the use of fillers to enhance certain properties, and material degradation over time. This discussion includes polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). Chemical recycling is analyzed through advanced techniques like pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis, solvolysis, and gasification, presenting the state‐of‐the‐art in this field. Additionally, the review touches upon energy recovery and the challenges associated with it. Conclusively, the study delves into the applications of recycled plastics and outlines future challenges. Overall, this review aims to provide a thorough overview and practical guidance on the recycling of plastic waste, offering essential insights for further development in this area.
Numerical simulation of a three‐dimensional passive micromixer with flexible and designable baffle modules
Authors: Zou Jixu , Chen Xinkun , Chen Xueye , Cui Yuming
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a new type of three‐dimensional variable‐angle electro‐osmotic micromixer. By introducing the electric field effect into it, the voltage, baffle structure, and electrode structure in the mixing process are studied. The results show that when the voltage value is close to 1 V and the baffles are alternately placed at an angle of 30°, the micromixer performs best. At low Reynolds numbers (Re), the electric field is closely related to the mixing efficiency, which proves that the alternating placement of microelectrodes can effectively improve the mixing efficiency. This study provides a new method for improving the mixing efficiency of micromixers and has broad application prospects in many fields such as chemical analysis, drug delivery, and biological detection.
Eating‐Specific Interpersonal Difficulties: Changes and Impacts on Outcomes During Ten‐Session Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders (CBT‐T)
Authors: Arai Mia , Tonta Kate E. , Erceg‐Hurn David M. , Raykos Bronwyn C. , Waller Glenn , McEvoy Peter M.
Published: November 2024

Objective

The relationship between self‐reported interpersonal difficulties and eating disorder symptoms is well‐established. The Interpersonal Relationships in Eating Disorders (IR‐ED) is a new measure of eating‐specific interpersonal difficulties (food‐related isolation, avoidance of body evaluation, foot‐related interpersonal tension). This study aims to (1) explore changes in IR‐ED scores, eating disorder symptoms, and psychosocial impairment during ten‐session cognitive behavioral therapy for eating disorders (CBT‐T), (2) assess whether pre‐treatment IR‐ED scores moderate the trajectory of change in eating disorder symptoms and psychosocial impairment during CBT‐T and (3) investigate the relationship between changes in the IR‐ED and changes in eating disorder symptoms and psychosocial impairment.

Method

Individuals with eating disorders (N = 126, Mage = 26.08) received CBT‐T and completed questionnaires at pre‐, mid‐, and post‐treatment.

Results

Eating‐specific interpersonal difficulties, eating disorder symptoms, and psychosocial impairment reduced during CBT‐T. Severity of pre‐treatment eating‐specific interpersonal difficulties was unrelated to change in eating disorder symptoms or psychosocial impairment, irrespective of diagnosis or body mass index. Changes in interpersonal difficulties were associated with concurrent changes in eating disorder symptoms and psychosocial impairment. Early change in interpersonal difficulties did not predict later change in eating disorder symptoms or psychosocial impairment, and early changes in symptoms or psychosocial impairment did not predict later changes in interpersonal difficulties.

Conclusions

Eating‐specific interpersonal difficulties improve during CBT‐T, and individuals benefit from treatment regardless of their pre‐treatment interpersonal difficulties. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Analysis of the usefulness and benefits of ultrafiltration in cardiorenal syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Guerrero Cervera Borja , López‐Vilella Raquel , Donoso Trenado Víctor , Peris‐Fernández María , Carmona Paula , Soldevila Amparo , Tormo Sergi , Devesa Ramón , Montero Hernández María Jesús , Martínez Dolz Luis , Hernández Jaras Julio , Sánchez‐Pérez Pilar , Almenar‐Bonet Luis
Published: November 2024

Aims

Cardiac decompensation in cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) results in systemic congestion usually treated with diuretics. When despite high doses of diuretics, response is poor, ultrafiltration (UF) appears to be a useful and safe technique. The aim of the study was to analyse, by means of a systematic review, the efficacy and safety of UF versus conventional diuretic treatment.

Methods and results

Search of the main databases (Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) identifying comparative studies of UF versus diuretic therapy, from 2000 to the present. After screening the studies, 13 studies were analysed; 1100 patients (UF: 532, diuretic treatment: 568). Renal function: UF showed a trend to lower creatinine at discharge (SME = −0.68; 95% CI −1.50 to 0.13; I2 = 97%) with no difference in glomerular filtration rate (SME = 0.05; 95% CI −0.17 to 0.27; I2 = 0%). Diuretic response: With UF, there was a trend towards greater weight loss (SME = 1.82; 95% CI −0.79 to 4.42; I2 = 99.7%) and greater volume removed (SME = 3.04; 95% CI −2.13 to 8.20; I2 = 99.8%). Morbidity and mortality: No difference in days of hospital stay (LogOR = −0.14; 95% CI −0.52 to 0.23; I2 = 66.9%) and mortality at 1 month (LogOR = −0.04; 95% CI −0.34 to 0.44; I2 = 0%) but reduction in readmissions in patients with UF (LogOR = −0.60; 95% CI −0.94 to −0.26; I2 = 40.5%).

Conclusions

In decompensated HF and CRS with inadequate diuretic response, UF versus diuretic intensification is an effective and safe option; it reduces readmissions with a tendency to decrease weight, creatinine levels and increase volume depletion without affecting mortality. Prospective randomised studies with a sufficient number of patients are needed to corroborate these results.
Trametinib alters contractility of paediatric Noonan syndrome‐associated hypertrophic myocardial tissue slices
Authors: Hamers Jules , Sen Payel , Murthi Sarala Raj , Papanakli Laura , von Stumm Maria , Baessato Francesca , Cleuziou Julie , Meierhofer Christian , Ewert Peter , Dendorfer Andreas , Merkus Daphne , Wolf Cordula M.
Published: November 2024

Aims

No curative treatment is available for RASopathy‐associated childhood‐onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (RAS‐CM). Preclinical data and individual reports suggest a beneficial effect of small molecules targeting the RAS–mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase (MAPK) pathway in severely affected RAS‐CM patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biophysical effects of trametinib, rapamycin and dasatinib on cultivated myocardial tissue slices of a paediatric RAS‐CM patient using biomimetic cultivation chambers (BMCCs) and to correlate the findings with clinical data.

Methods

Contracting right ventricular (RV) tissue slices were prepared from resected myocardium, cultivated in BMCCs and treated with distinct molecules directly and indirectly targeting the RAS–MAPK pathway (trametinib, rapamycin and dasatinib) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Tissue biophysical properties were assessed using electrical stimulation protocols. Contractile function, force–frequency relationship and post‐pause potentiation were compared before and after treatment. These parameters correlated to L‐type Ca2+ channel function and sarcoplasmic Ca2+ loading.

Results

In vivo, off‐label treatment with MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitor trametinib of a child with severe RAS‐CM resulted in a modest reduction of RV outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction (RVOT 151 to 122 mmHg after 11 weeks) and improved diastolic function (E/A 0.68 to 1.09 after 11 weeks) and myocardial strain [RV global radial strain (RV‐GRS) 25.94 to 42.76; RV global circumferential strain (RV‐GCS) −15.26 to −18.61; and RV global longitudinal strain (RV‐GLS) −10.31 to −16.78 at 11 weeks], as determined by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance tomography. In cultivated RV myocardial tissue slices, contraction force decreased after addition of trametinib and rapamycin but not after addition of DMSO and dasatinib. Improvement of Ca2+ handling, as depicted by a more positive force–frequency relationship and enhanced post‐pause potentiation (31.2%), was noted in the trametinib‐treated slice. The increase in post‐pause potentiation was less pronounced in rapamycin‐treated (26%) and absent in dasatinib‐treated (<1%) slices.

Conclusions

Ex vivo analysis of cultivated and electrically stimulated RV myocardial tissue slices of a patient with RAS‐CM showed decreased contractility and improved sarcoplasmic reticulum function after addition of trametinib and in part after addition of rapamycin, but not after addition of dasatinib.
An Experimental Study on the Effects of Sediment Particle Characteristics on the Flow Velocity Correction Factor for Runoff in Steep Nonerodible Rills
Authors: Zhang Zhenggang , Tao Changwu , Ha Fang , Wang Hua , Shen Haoming , Zhang Yue , Lin Jinshi , Huang Yanhe , Jiang Fangshi
Published: November 2024

Flow velocity is a key hydraulic variable in the exploration of rill erosion and is usually estimated by multiplying the surface flow velocity of runoff (measured with the dye tracer method) by the flow correction factor (a). However, there are differences among different experimental conditions, and the selection of the right value of a has become critical for accurately estimating the mean flow velocity. There has been little research on velocity correction factors for hyperconcentrated flows on steep slopes. In this study, gravel‐laden sediment (mass fraction of gravel in the sample ranging from 0% to 70%, corresponding to a median diameter of 0.08–2.95 mm) was used as the test material, and different slopes (18%–84%) and unit flow discharges (1.11–4.44 × 10−3 m2 s−1) were considered to investigate the effects of gravel‐laden sediment particle characteristics on runoff a and to elucidate the mechanism of the effects of different hydrodynamic parameters on runoff a. Under the experimental conditions, the value of a ranged from 0.285 to 0.690. a increases with increasing flow discharge and slope, with flow discharge having a greater effect than slope. With increasing gravel content and median diameter (d50), a decreased initially but then stabilised. Additionally, a decreased with increasing sediment content but increased with increasing Reynolds number (Re). Based on the results of this experiment, 0.37, 0.49 and 0.60 are recommended as the correction factors of surface flow velocity for laminar flow (Re ≤ 500), transitional flow (500 < Re ≤ 2000) and turbulent flow (Re > 2000), respectively. Equation (16), which is based on the hydraulic parameters and sediment particle characteristics, has the best accuracy (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient [NSE] > 0.9). The research results quantified the impact of sediment particle characteristics on a, contributing to the advancement of hydrodynamic studies on rill flow.
Uromodulin and the study of urinary extracellular vesicles
Authors: Harding Michael A. , Yavuz Hayrettin , Gathmann Annika , Upson Samantha , Swiatecka‐Urban Agnieszka , Erdbrügger Uta
Published: November 2024

Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are a promising substrate for discovering new biomarkers. In order to investigate the origin of uEVs and the cargo they carry, some types of downstream analysis of uEVs may require concentration and enrichment as well as removal of contaminating substances. Co‐isolation of the abundant urinary protein uromodulin with uEVs can be a problem, and may interfere with some techniques, in particular with proteomic analysis tools. Methods of separating out uromodulin and its removal have also not been standardized. This review highlights aspects of uromodulin structure that makes it recalcitrant to separation from uEVs, summarizes frequently used techniques for uEV enrichment and how they affect uromodulin separation, and specific methods for uromodulin removal during preparation of uEVs. The necessity of uromodulin removal for various study endpoints is also examined.
The State of Infrastructure in the Proclaimed Small Harbours in Enhancing Livelihoods in South Africa
Authors: Maphumulo Mashimane Njabulo , Masuku Mfundo Mandla
Published: November 2024

The South African small harbours development is rooted in the colonial era, but over centuries, their conditions have depreciated. This paper argues that proclaimed small harbours face significant infrastructural challenges and their impact on enhancing livelihoods. Secondary data were extracted from peer‐reviewed scholarly, media articles and government documents. Three phases of comprehensive literature review were employed to elucidate the phenomenon under study. The findings propound small harbours are characterised by infrastructural decay and inequalities that render them incompatible with inclusive development. The study recommends that the government develop a small harbours regulation framework to ensure inclusivity and sustainability of livelihoods.
Impact of parenteral nutrition on quality of life, the family and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with intestinal failure
Authors: Thomassen Rut Anne , Kvammen Janne Anita , Bentsen Beint S. , Solheim Anna , Størdal Ketil , Henriksen Christine , Brun Anne Charlotte
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Intestinal failure (IF) and dependency on parenteral nutrition (PN) are risk factors for lower health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in children. Weaning from PN is a major goal of paediatric IF treatment, however, its impact on HRQOL remains unclear. This study aimed to assess HRQOL, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and family impact in children with IF in relation to their need for PN.

Method

Data were collected in a cross‐sectional study from children with IF and a reference group of healthy children using electronic versions of Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ forms.

Results

The study included 56 children with IF and 48 healthy children. Parents of children with IF reported significantly lower HRQOL than healthy children (−8.7, p = 0.001). PN dependency did not influence HRQOL scores, but families with children dependent on PN had a lower family impact score than children weaned from PN (49.9 vs. 73.6, p < 0.001). Parents of children in the PN group reported more GI problems than those in the weaned group (−8.1, p = 0.04), and diarrhoea, gas and bloating were common symptoms of IF. GI symptoms varied according to PN dependency and IF aetiology. Multivariate analysis found a significant association between HRQOL and total GI symptom score (parent scores: 0.34, p = 0.02, self‐score 0.48, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

Children with IF had lower parent‐reported HRQOL than healthy children. PN dependency did not affect HRQOL, however, the need for PN had a significant negative impact on family well‐being. GI symptoms may negatively impact HRQOL in the IF population.
PROTAC and Molecular Glue Degraders of the Oncogenic RNA Binding Protein Lin28
Authors: Kashkush Aseel , Furth‐Lavi Judith , Hodon Jiri , Benhamou Raphael I.
Published: November 2024

The interaction between proteins and RNA is crucial for regulating gene expression, with dysregulation often linked to diseases such as cancer. The RNA‐binding protein (RBP) Lin28 inhibits the tumor suppressor microRNA (miRNA) let‐7, making it a significant oncogenic factor in tumor progression and metastasis. In this study, a small molecule is used that binds Lin28 and blocks its inhibition of let‐7. To enhance its efficay, the inhibitor is transformed into degraders via two degradation approaches: Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) and molecular glue. A series of PROTAC bifunctional molecules and molecular glues capable of degrading Lin28 in cells.is developed Both strategies significantly reduce overexpressed Lin28 and alleviate cancer cellular phenotypes. Notably, the molecular glue approach demonstrates exceptional potency, surpassing PROTAC in several aspects. This outcome underscores the superior efficiency of the molecular glue approach for targeted Lin28 degradation and highlights its potential for addressing associated diseases with small molecules. Innovative small molecule strategies such as molecular glue and PROTAC technology for targeted RBP degradation, hold promise for opening new avenues in RNA modulation and addressing related diseases.
Low‐Cost Lightweight Quartz Fiber‐Reinforced Hybrid Aerogel Nanocomposite for High‐Temperature Oxidation Thermal Protection
Authors: Wang Jinming , Hu Honglin , Yang Yunhua , Li Junning , Geng Qiong , Zhu Shipeng , Yan Jiao
Published: November 2024

Aerogels are used to achieve lightweight heat insulation in composites. To minimize cost and ensure safety, nanocomposites must be prepared without flammable or explosive solvents at room temperature and ambient‐pressure drying. However, fabricating resin aerogel nanocomposites is challenging due to the tendency of porous structures to collapse owing to the complex surface tension in the multiphase system of fibers, resin particles, and solvent. A novel quartz fiber‐reinforced hybrid aerogel nanocomposite is successfully prepared using the sol–gel method with self‐assembly template polymerization. Two key factors in preventing aerogel collapse include the use of a cationic surfactant as a stabilizer for the initial template and as a surface tension improver during drying. The nanocomposite, with a density of 0.52 g·cm−3 and thermal conductivity of 0.046 W·m−1·K−1, exhibited a back‐face temperature rise of ≈96.4 °C after a 1500 s arc‐wind tunnel ablation test. The maximum ablation retreat is ≈0.26 mm. This novel nanocomposite shows potential for high‐temperature protection systems in extreme oxidation environments.
A General Bipenalty Formulation for Explicit Contact‐Impact Analysis With a Parameter Selection Criterion
Authors: Kwon Yun‐Jae , Kim Jin‐Gyun , Cho Sang Soon , González José A.
Published: November 2024

A general bipenalty formulation with a parameter selection criterion is proposed for explicit contact‐impact finite element analysis. In order to model the contact phenomenon using penalties, it is necessary to introduce an artificial contact stiffness that can increase the maximum natural frequency of the system. When a large stiffness penalty parameter is used, the stability condition forces to reduce the time step size, increasing at the same time the computational demands. A solution to avoid the small time step size requirement and possible instabilities is to include a mass penalty in addition to the stiffness penalty term, using a technique known as the bipenalty method. However, this method presents some other challenges, mainly related to the parameter selection criterion and its final accuracy. In this work, two important improvements for the bipenalty method are presented. (i) An element‐type and dimension‐independent criterion for the selection of penalty mass and stiffness parameters. (ii) A modified predictor‐corrector scheme, specifically designed for the bipenalty method, that improves the accuracy of contact‐impact problems. Different 1D, 2D, and 3D contact‐impact examples are used to illustrate the stability, applicability to general contact cases, and reduction of the zigzag effect and spurious oscillations exhibited by the proposed methods.