bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Change and Stability of Subject Well-Being in Middle School Students
Authors: Ha A Yeong , Cho Han Ik
Published: November 2024

This study examined changes and stability of subjective well-being by dividing the state of subjective well-being into occasion factors and trait factors from a state-trait perspective during middle school. The subjects were 1,405 + 1,185 does not equal 2,325. One of the three numbers is incorrect. from the 2018 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS). The results of this study show that the TSO model, which includes trait factors and occasion factors, was more suitable than the SO model for subjective well-being in middle school students. In the TSO model, trait factors explaining subjective well-being were 30.9% to 45.7%, and occasion factors were 54.3% to 69.1%, indicating that occasion factors were higher than trait factors. From this perspective, subjective well-being in the middle school years is a construct greatly influenced by occasions rather than traits. The auto regression coefficient of occasion factors was more stable as the grade level increased. The significance of this study is that it sought ways to increase subjective well-being in the middle school years by examining changes and stability by dividing the state of subjective well-being in the middle school period into traits and occasions.
Analyzing Graduate Students ’ Open-Book Exam Experiences Before and After ChatGPT Based on Activity Theory
Authors: Chae Jiyoon , Cho Ahra , Lee Kyungmee , Lee Minjung
Published: November 2024

This study explored the impact of ChatG PT on the identity formation of graduate students through a qualitative case study of their open-book examination experiences. Using activity theory as a theoretical framework, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six graduate students who had taken op en-book exams before and after the introduction of ChatGPT. The interviews were analyzed to examine changes in the activity system, contradictions that emerged, and strategies for overcoming those contradictions. The findings reveal that the introduction of ChatGPT led to significant changes in the examination experience, such as reducing cognitive demand by delegating simple tasks and enhancing the quality of answers through collaboration with ChatGPT . However, students faced challenges related to fairness, time constraints, and uncertainty about their learning trajectory. Notably, the graduate students began to question their identity as researchers, particularly due to the inaccuracy and incomplete domain-specific knowledge provided by ChatGPT. To address these challenges, students developed new prompting skills and adopted the role of critical reviewers of ChatGPT ’ s output, though issues related to examination rules and their identity as researchers remained unresolved. This study discusses the implications of these findings for the direction of assessments in higher education as well as the evolving epistemological beliefs and researcher identities of graduate students in the age of AI.
Instructional strategies used by K-12 teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chaudhuri Parama
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic began in the late months of 2019 and by Spring of 2020, in an effort to limit transmission of the virus, schools across the globe had closed and transitioned to emergency online teaching which may have disrupted their current learning procedures. In the United States, over 13,000 school districts completely closed down during this time. Schools began to offer multiple types and modes of instruction in order to continue providing instruction for their students. One of these was emergency remote teaching. During the emergency remote teaching environments (ERTE), teachers worked within the ERTE framework to design their online instructional strategies. The purpose of the study is to report instructional strategies teachers used to provide education to their students during the extremely constrained set of circumstances presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, and to examine their contextualized stories regarding why they used these strategies as well as their perspectives on the comparative success of those strategies.
The meaning of cerebrovascular reactivity in the pathogenesis of chronic brain ischemia (review)
Authors: NAHAI D.O. , MELNYK V.S.
Published: November 2024

Chronic cerebral ischemia is considered a syndrome that arises from a slowly progressive, chronic disruption in cerebral circulation, which leads to a gradual accumulation of ischemic and secondary degenerative changes in the brain. This progression contributes to the development of neurological and neuropsychological disorders that worsen over time. Several factors have been identified that may lead to cerebral blood flow insufficiency, contributing to the onset or acceleration of chronic cerebral ischemia. These factors can be categorized as cerebrovascular factors, cardiovascular factors, and systemic diseases. The normal and pathological functioning of the brain is intrinsically connected to the cerebrovascular system’s fundamental ability to align blood flow with the metabolic demands of brain tissue. Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) serves as a critical indicator of the capacity of cerebral blood vessels to increase blood flow in response to vasoactive stimuli. Numerous methods exist to measure cerebrovascular reactivity, with transcranial Doppler ultrasound being among the simplest and most informative options. Research has demonstrated that CVR varies among age groups, may fluctuate with circadian rhythms, and shows distinct characteristics in the presence of vascular risk factors like atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and arterial hypertension. There is evidence supporting the impact of altered cerebrovascular reactivity on cognitive and neuropsychological functions in affected patients. From a literature review, it can be inferred that changes in cerebrovascular reactivity play a crucial role in the development and progression of chronic cerebral ischemia. Further exploration into the nature and mechanisms of CVR changes is likely to broaden therapeutic strategies available for patients with this pathology.
Of Deep Time and Slow Violence: Anthropo-Scenic Timespaces and the Chronotopes of Climate Theatre.
Authors:   University of Salzburg, Austria, Herzog Christopher
Published: November 2024

This article explores how contemporary climate theatre navigates the distorted scales of the Anthropocene and the climate crisis through its unique aesthetics – embodiment, spatiality, temporality, and reciprocity. Previous literature on climate theatre has largely discussed its anthropomorphism and anthropocentrism in relation to global warming. Building on ecodramaturgical frameworks, this article draws on ecocritical appropriations of Mikhail Bakhtin’s chronotope to investigate how theatrical time and space make the abstract nature of climate change tangible. The argument posits that chronotopes of climate theatre are crucial for understanding how contemporary theatre and performance tackle scalar derangement. By drawing on interdisciplinary approaches from environmental humanities, performance and theatre studies, and posthumanism, the study situates itself at the intersections of performance art, political theatre, aesthetic theatre, drama, and environmentalism, examining how different theatrical formats use theatrical ‘timespaces’ to address the spatio-temporal complexities of the Anthropocene. It discusses Ella Hickson’s Oil (2016); April De Angelis’s Extinct (2021); Extinction Rebellion’s “The Sea Is Rising and so Are We” (2019); and Chris Rapley and Duncan Macmillan’s 2071 (2014), showing how each uses theatrical chronotopes to transform deep time, slow violence, and the dispersed nature of climate change into the ‘hyper-present’ of the stage.
Exploring Posturbanism in Annalee Newitz’s The Terraformers
Authors:   University of Cappadocia, Turkey, Bay Hatice
Published: November 2024

Annalee Newitz’s The Terraformers (2023) explores the endeavors of the Environmental Rescue Team (ERT), which consists of diverse humans, uplifted animals, engineered organisms, bots, drones, and AI, and how they strive to construct a sustainable planet, Sask-E, and cities amid Verdance – a Capitalocenic corporate power that shapes the dynamics between humans, nature, and life. Drawing on the concept of the Capitalocene and Donna Haraway’s theories of the Chthulucene, sympoiesis, making kin, and staying with the trouble, this article discusses the significance of multispecies actors and intelligences in urban-making, while also emphasizing the necessity of acknowledging the complexities and uncertainties of this process. Further inspired by the insights of recent urban scholarship, such as smart and AI urbanisms, the article discusses the essential role of technology, engineering, AI, and machine in building democratic cities. By examining the efforts and collaborations between these multifaceted characters, the novel challenges market-driven anthropocentric notions of urbanism and envisions a future where multispecies communities use technology and great care to build equitable and viable posturban landscapes.
“Prominent” Epistemology in Reference Books of Islamic Education at Islamic Higher Education Institutions in Indonesia: Retracing Justificative Reasoning
Authors: Sabarudin Sabarudin , Arif Mahmud , Roqib Moh. , Syarnubi  , Mardeli
Published: November 2024

The reference books used influence academic and learning activities at the university. Consequently, reference books are vital in determining the various types of epistemological content. Accordingly, reference books serve epistemic and authoritative functions for academic actualization and instructional activities. In such cases, reference books are perceived as ideal and influential texts. Through literary research that applies textual analysis and is confirmed by interviews with lecturers who use reference books, it can be known that the selected reference books that Indonesian writers have written are generally still characterized by normative-reproductive nuances. The normative nuances are indicated by textual, analogical, and declarative reasoning, while the reproductive nuances are shown by their poor contextual relevance and justificatory model. Additionally, these books cannot endorse significant intellectual discourses because of their repetitive tendencies. However, in that case, a slight shift was found. Its implication, the concept of Islamic education still tends to remain stagnant or in static motion as there is no firm endorsement made by empirical research, critical paradigms, and progressive formulation. The lecturers also affirm that tendency through their critical evaluation, and they hope that existing reference books can encourage empirical studies, critical reasoning, and contextual response.
Taking Probabilistic Choice Seriously
Authors: Konovalova Elizaveta , Pachur Thorsten
Published: November 2024

Much behaviour and cognition involves choosing between alternatives—whether in the context of consumer decisions, voting, or memory.A fundamental aspect of choice is that it is probabilistic: Anorganism faced with the same evidence will not always make thesame choice. Despite widespread acknowledgement that probabilisticchoice is a necessary element in models of cognition, it has longbeen treated as distracting from the core process driving behaviour.Recently, however, researchers across various fields in the cognitiveand behavioural sciences have started to recognise the vitalrole of probabilistic choice for understanding cognition. This articlereviews and synthesizes these developments, distinguishing threemain origins of probabilistic choice and proposing future researchavenues that integrate probabilistic choice into theories of cognition.
Extending Empirical Benchmarks of Working Memory to Children: Insights from an Adaptive Learning Environment
Authors: Ertekin Şeyma Nur , Hofman Abe Dirk , van der Maas Han , Matzke Dora , Streitberger Carolin , Haaf Julia M.
Published: November 2024

In this study, we explored whether the key benchmarks of working memory processing identified in adults by Oberauer and colleagues (2018) also apply to children, using data from a large adaptive learning environment. Over nine thousand children from Dutch primary schools (age between 6 and 12) played two serial recall tasks (verbal domain and visuospatial domain), providing a means for studying working memory processing in students' regular educational environment. Using Bayesian multilevel modeling, we found that the difficulty of the over 2000 items was affected by characteristics related to response facilitation, spatial grouping, and set size. Set size and spatial grouping also affected the accuracy of students' responses. Furthermore, we investigated primacy and recency effects and found that, as expected, the effect of serial position varies across set size. This result is also in line with previous findings on developmental changes in working memory processing where primacy and recency effects change as children grow older. Finally, key benchmark findings on error categorization were replicated, revealing that children were more prone to omission and intrusion errors than transposition errors. However, as children mature, the proportion of transposition errors increased. Additionally, we found limited evidence for an in-fill effect in transpositions in the verbal working memory tasks and substantial evidence for locality constraints on transpositions in both tasks. Our findings provide an understanding of the development of working memory processing in children and highlight the robustness of classical working memory findings in online educational data.
A Review of Covid-19 Autoimmune and Neurologic Complications
Authors: Fatahi Mansoureh , Refahi Fatemeh , Derakhshan Elham
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has significantly impacted the immune system. COVID-19 is considered to be linked to various autoimmune disorders. Immunologically, SARS-CoV-2 could trigger excessive inflammatory responses, leading to cytokine storms, autoimmune reactions, and dysregulation of B cell and T cell responses. These responses might contribute to different autoimmune disorders affecting different systems. Besides, the virus impacts both the central and peripheral nervous systems through a variety of neurological mechanisms. Numerous case reports and review articles have detailed the complexities arising from infection. Nonetheless, this review aims to thoroughly examine the broad spectrum of neurological and autoimmune complications linked to COVID-19 infection, emphasizing the urgent need for preventive measures and the crucial role of early detection and timely management of the complications.
Study of quantum computer processing offload of specific calculation processing
Authors: Yamato Yoji
Published: November 2024

We have proposed an environment-adaptive software that automatically converts code written by programmers for regular CPUs according to the environment in which it is deployed, enabling high-performance operation. This paper focuses on quantum computers in particular as a part of automatic offloading to new hardware. We achieve automatic offloading by analyzing existing applications to be offloaded, discovering specific computational processes such as the eigenvalue solvers that are suitable for quantum computers, and replacing those parts with processes that use quantum computers. We confirm that the proposed method can be automatically offloaded to a quantum computer and executed by measuring the actual processing time on Microsoft Azure Quantum.
IEICE Technical Report, NS2024-130, Nov. 2024, Copyright(C)2024 IEICE
Promoting Air Quality-Related Awareness and Behavioural Change: A Rapid Review of communication interventions integrating behavioural, science communication and socio-ecological perspectives
Authors: Cibin Roberto , Horgan Laura , Ciolfi Luigina , Dockray Samantha , Murphy Gillian , Venables Dean , Cassarino Marica
Published: November 2024

Background:Air pollution (AP) is a global environmental health threat. Day-to-day behaviours contribute to poor air quality (AQ) but limited public understanding of AQ warrants effective communication strategies to promote awareness and empower positive behavioural change.Objective:Through the integration of behavioural, science communication, and socio-ecological frameworks, this rapid review mapped existing AQ-related communication interventions and their influence on AQ awareness, on protective and/or mitigating behaviours (i.e., avoiding exposure; reducing polluting activities), and on boosting civic engagement.Methods:Building on previous evidence syntheses, we conducted a comprehensive literature search of peer-reviewed and grey literature, including 79 studies for analysis. Findings were synthesised narratively and assessed for quality with the QuADS tool. We followed the Population, Interventions, Comparators, Outcomes, and Study designs (PICOS) criteria and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.Results:Despite high heterogeneity in intervention types, most served a persuasion or enablement function, often utilising dissemination modes such as websites or web applications, and most assessed awareness and/or engagement in protective behaviours. While most interventions focused on individual/household-level actions and interindividual dynamics, only some considered policy-level actions, and very few embedded infrastructural considerations in their communication. Overall, 47 studies reported positive impacts on awareness and/or behaviours, particularly through participatory approaches, although we noted issues associated with promoting meaningful participation and identified influencing psychosocial factors. Evidence of effectiveness for behaviours was often limited by observational designs and the focus on awareness only or self-reported behaviours/intentions.Significance:Our findings highlight that top-down communication intervention can have a positive influence on AQ awareness, while findings on behavioural impact are mixed. We highlight growing attempts to communicate AQ-related risks and behavioural solutions through empowering approaches that are sensitive to individual and local circumstances, but note the need for further work to foster mitigating behaviours and civic engagement.
What is in an Item? Optimizing Dropout and Non-Response Prediction in a German Outpatient Psychotherapy Sample
Authors: Pena Loray Juan Segundo , Hehlmann Miriam Ina , Penedo Juan Martin Gomez , Schöttke Henning , Rubel Julian
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study aims at improving dropout and treatment non-response prevention by optimizing the performance of models for their prediction through the integration of item-level data. Method: Routine data from 1277 patients (M = 36.95, SD = 13.64; 64.77% female) treated at [masked version] was used to train and evaluate 20 machine-learning algorithms. Measures included sociodemographic information, Outcome Questionnaire-30 (OQ-30), Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Psychotherapy (FEP–2), Emotional Well-Being Questionnaire (EMO), Symptom Checklist (SCL–90–R), and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-32). Model training was conducted using nested cross-validation, and five ensemble models were formed to enhance predictions by combining algorithms based on performance and correlation metrics. Final predictions were evaluated in a holdout sample, with predictor scores at total, item, and combined levels. Results: A model using item-level data achieved the highest performance for dropout prediction (F1-score = 0.87, Brier score = 0.0529, balanced accuracy = 0.88) in a holdout sample. For treatment non-response, an ensemble model trained on item-level data provided the best results (F1-score = 0.60, Brier score = 0.1646, balanced accuracy = 0.72). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the clinical value of using item-level data to enhance predictive modeling for dropout and treatment non-response. Integrating such models into clinical feedback systems could help identify at-risk patients and reduce dropout and non–response rates.Keywords: dropout, treatment non-response, prevention, machine learning, prediction.
Editors’ Introduction to Special Issue on Legal Infrastructures
Authors: Byrne William Hamilton , Gammeltoft-Hansen Thomas , Stappert Nora
Published: November 2024

[no abstract applicable]
Bail out the money printer? The impact of fiscal indemnity on central bank profitability
Authors: Yang Dianyi
Published: November 2024

Since 2022, central bank losses have been prevalent in advanced economies due to previous quantitative easing and recent inflationary pressures. This paper focuses on the unique case of the United Kingdom, where the government promised in advance to cover any central bank losses arising from quantitative easing. This promise is known as the indemnity. A game-theoretical model is proposed to explain the causes and effects of such indemnity. The model's predictions about the indemnity's effect on central bank profitability are empirically examined. Using the novel Dynamic Multilevel Latent Factor Model (DM-LFM), the indemnity is found to have significantly boosted the Bank of England's profits in the deflationary environment after 2008, but exacerbated its losses under the recent inflationary pressure since 2022. The theoretical model suggests the pronounced effects are due to the Bank of England's high sensitivity to losses and the UK government's moderate fiscal liberalism. Therefore, the British experience should not be generalised. Nevertheless, the theoretical and empirical lessons can inform policy-makers about future institutional designs concerning the fiscal-monetary interactions and the public finance-price stability trade-off.
Evaluation of Relationship of Vegetation Dynamics with Seasonal Climate Evolution in Sheikh Badin National Park, Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Naheed , Kausar Rukhsana , Ashraf Arshad , Arif Muhammad , Noor Rubina , Uz Zaman Iftikhar
Published: November 2024

Climate change and other biotic factors are causing desertification and degradation of the range resources at an alarming rate especially in the arid and semiarid regions worldwide. The mountain region of Sheikh Badin National Park (SBNP) –famous for its floristic composition and biodiversity, is facing serious consequences of climate and anthropogenic effects in Pakistan. The influential role of extreme climate changes needs to be explored to mitigate growing risk of degradation of natural vegetation and biological resource in this mountain region. In the present study, relationship of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) was investigated with seasonal LST (Land Surface Temperature), and TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission rainfall) rainfall of 2000-2018 period in the SBNP, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan for sustaining ecosystem health. The findings of the study revealed increasing trends in NDVI during winter, spring, summer and autumn with corresponding increase in rainfall in the study area. The correlation coefficient R value between NDVI and LST was found -0.37 for winter, -0.72 for spring, -0.002 for summer and -012 for autumn (significant at p<0.05). The correlation between NDVI and rainfall revealed R values 0.41, 0.79, 0.64 and 0.7 for winter, spring, summer and autumn seasons (significant at p<0.05), respectively. The rainfall appears to be a major determinant of vegetation health and consequent ecosystem sustainability in the study area. However, the seasonal changes in climate and their implications necessitate adoption of integrated management of ecosystem to conserve biological resource on sustainable basis in this region in future.
Rainbow Trout Farming in Helambu, Sindhupalchok through Producer’s Perspective: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Khadka Gopal
Published: November 2024

Rainbow trout farming is a relatively new industry in Nepal. It is possible in Nepal around the year under natural environmental conditions. In terms of social and economic points of view, trout farming is beneficial for farmers due to the availability of a natural cold stream and the existence of a favorable environment. Finding out the opportunities and challenges of rainbow trout farming in Helambu rural Municipality is the main concern of this article. It is based on both primary and secondary sources of data. Primary data were collected through interviews with 3 farmers involved in trout farming. Due to its rich source of nutrition, alternative source of income, and high commercial value, it has high prospects. Due to climate change, lack of experienced labor, and an imperfect market, it has challenges. By expanding aquaculture, generating self-employment opportunities, and maintaining the protocol of sustainable development, trout farming may become a lifeline for rural areas. The concerned authority must be accountable for formulating effective policies for the promotion of trout farming for rural development.
Diaspora Brain Drain among the Gurung Community
Authors: Gurung Dirgha Man
Published: November 2024

From the ancient time, Nepal is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi–religious, and multi-cultural country. This Himalayan country offers the world communities rich cultural heritage, natural beauty and legendary images with historical. It has always already been proven that the brave Nepali people sacrificed their lives for national unity, territorial integrity and the world international peace. Despite its size Nepal is rich with geographical, social, religious, and cultural diversities let alone ethnic variety with the perfect harmony. People celebrate various festivals and jatras (carnivals) during different seasons. The people from various castes and ethnic communities with various feasts and festivals, rites and rituals, and myths and ethnicity have made immense contribute for the nation building. Gurung is one of the rich indigenous ethnic communities in Nepal which in recent decades has suffered severe problem of brain drain because of an increasing trend of globalization as well as their recruitment in foreign armies. Descending from hills of Nepal, Gurungs as mercenary soldiers in foreign armies, including the British, Singapore and Indian have made immense contribution to the formation of Nepali Diaspora in Asia and beyond. Such an increasing trend of formation and expansion of the diaspora has adversely resulted in the brain drain from Nepal, a severe challenge to Nepal’s plan of progress and prosperity.
Valuing Access to Mountain Protected Areas in Nepal: The case of Annapurna Conservation Area
Authors: Adhikari Laxman
Published: November 2024

Tourism is a profound source of foreign earnings all over the world and supports the sustainable management of protected areas as a market-driven solution catering to the increasing number of discriminating travellers seeking to explore and enjoy the natural environment. The financial sustainability of the protected areas is critical for improving their effectiveness in conserving biodiversity. Contingent valuation surveys were administered to 300 non-South Asian foreign visitors (NSAF), South Asian foreign visitors (SAF) and domestic visitors to the Annapurna Conservation Area, during October and November of 2019. The logit regression results suggested that bid amount, income, visitor satisfaction, membership of an environmental organization, education and the environmental concern score are the major determinants affecting the willingness to pay (WTP). The mean willingness to pay for the entrance fee at Annapurna Conservation Area was found to be US$ 28.23 for NSAF, and US$ 18.25 for SAF which aren't significantly more than the present entry charges for Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA). Through this research, it is suggested that the present entry costs remain the same, suggesting that other mountain-protected areas in Nepal should also continue to charge the same amount as the entry fee.
Furia i szlachetniejszy rozum. Próby o "Burzy" Williama Szekspira
Authors:   University of Silesia, Sławek Tadeusz
Published: November 2024

As Stephen Greenblatt claims The Tempest summarizes all major preoccupations of other plays: legitimate power is abolished, civilization is threatened by wilderness, discourse is besieged by the darkness of inarticulate sounds, and theatrical performance looms large as a metaphor of human life. It is the final play of a great master and hence one is tempted to venture a hypothe-sis that, perhaps Shakespeare’s Prospero, like Ulisses in the XI canto of Odysei, speaks to us from the other side, from a dark and mysterious island of the dead, and his theatre is the only way in which we could approach death in the epoch of broken rituals and general disenchantment. Thus, Prospero’s famous line at the end of the play “Our revels now are ended” declares not only the end of the time of performance but refers to a much wider, Kermodian, sense of ending.
Effect of Welding Current and Electrode Movement on HAZ Width and Hardness of TIG Welded 304 Stainless Steel
Authors: Herdianto Albertus Nova Tomy , Suheni Suheni , Rosidah Afira Ainur
Published: November 2024

Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding is a welding technique using an electric arc between a non-consumable tungsten electrode and a shielding gas for the heat formation. This research aims to determine the comparison of the macro structure and hardness (Vickers) of 304 stainless steel in TIG welding with spiral, zig-zag and triangular electrode movements, as well as the welding current variatons of 60, 80, and 100 A. The results show that the welding current and movement affect the hardness and HAZ width of the welded 304 stainless steel using TIG welding process. The greater current leads to higher HAZ width and hardness. Furthermore, the spiral movement provides higher hardness due to its fast movement in welding which leads a faster cooling as well. The highest HAZ width reaches the value of 2.05 mm using the 100 A welding current and triangle movement. Meanwhile, the highest hardness is obtained in the value of 450.5 kgf/mm2 in the same current and movement.
Numerical and Experimental Study of the Hybrid Savonius - Darrieus 3 Blade with NACA 4418 Airfoil
Authors: Kusumadewi Tri Vicca , Mikael William , Setiyawan Atok , Pertiwi Fungky Dian
Published: November 2024

This study presents the design, simulation, and experimental validation of a novel hybrid Savonius-Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) utilizing NACA 4418 airfoil blades. The aim is to investigate the performance characteristics of the turbine under various wind conditions. The turbine design integrates Savonius and Darrieus configurations to harness wind energy efficiently. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are conducted using software [mention the software] to analyze the aerodynamic behavior and predict turbine performance. The NACA 4418 airfoil profile is employed due to its favorable lift-to-drag ratio and widely used characteristics. Simulation’s results demonstrate that the optimal torque is the Darrieus blade 3 by 1.06 Nm at an azimuth angle of 75°, followed by Savonius 1 by 0.96 Nm at an azimuth angle of 285° on wind speed of 5 m/s. The turbine's power output, coefficient of power (CP), and coefficient of moment (Cm) across a range of wind speeds (3 to 5 m/s) on simulation and experimental are compared. The power output of the experimental by 1.54 watts and 13.14 watts for the simulation this also indicated that CP in the simulation was 8 times higher than the experimental. The maximum torque of 0.11 Nm in the experimental, compared to 0.36 Nm for simulation occurs the CM result will be similar. The design, configuration, and environment play a crucial role in determining the performance characteristics.
New Nanocomposite Membranes with blended Sulfonated Poly-Eugenol (S-PE) and Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) as an alternative in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Muliawati Eka Cahya
Published: November 2024

This study fabricated a novel sulfonated poly-eugenol/titanium dioxide nanocomposite membrane as an alternative polymer electrolite membrane (PEM) to direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), addressing the high cost of PEM, a major challenge for fuel cell (FC) commercialization. Sulfonated poly-eugenol (S-PE), synthesized by polymerizing eugenol with sulfuric acid, incorporated sulfonic acid groups to improve proton flows conductivity. Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles were incorporated into the sulfonated polymer matrix, forming a mixed membrane nanocomposite. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed a homogeneous TiO2 distribution in the polymer. The membranes' physicochemical properties, including air absorption, swelling, and methanol absorption, were evaluated and compared to commercial Nafion. The S-PE and TiO2nanocomposite membrane with 25% (S-PE) and 5% TiO2 exhibited higher water and methanol absorption than Nafion, but lower proton conductivity. However, its low methanol permeability can potentially improve fuel efficiency in direct methanol fuel cells. Incorporating TiO2 into sulfonated poly-eugenol represents a promising strategy for developing low-cost, efficient PEM for DMFCs applications.
NDT Testing with Visual Testing Method in the Inside Upper Frame 6015 Area with GMAW Welding Based on 1E0099
Authors: Fajrin Aulia , Putra Lalu Giat Juangsa , Sutrisno Recky
Published: November 2024

The Upper Frame is the most important component of the excavator because it acts as an engine mount or hose holder connected to the main control valve. So for the welding process, special attention is needed for the frame center which aims to avoid weld distortion between the right side and the left and also as a cable holder from the engine.  Therefore, the welding results require special attention starting from the size of the weld and the arrangement of defects in the weld results. The welding process on the Upper Frame uses the GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) process with Lincoln Merit ER70S-6 wire, where the wire size is 1.320 mm and the welding results will be tested using the NDT (Non-Destructive Testing) method, namely Visual Testing. This study aims to determine the results of visual tests in the inside Upper Frame 6015 area using the 1E0099 standard. 1E0099 is the welding procedure used at PT Caterpillar Indonesia Batam. Visual test results from GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) welding are expected to be free of weld defects. If there are still weld defects found, the welding results are still within the acceptance criteria based on internal code 1E0099.
Calculation Study of Double Pipe Type Heat Exchanger in LNG Plant Pre-Design with Capacity 250 tons/hour
Authors: Novianarenti Eky , Ningsih Erlinda , Rahman Nanik Astuti
Published: November 2024

In industrial processes, heat exchangers are very important tools and are always needed. Heat exchangers can be used to increase and decrease the temperature. The most widely used type of heat exchanger is the Double Pipe or DPHE type. The LNG plant is one of the industries that uses a heat exchanger in the process of lowering the initial temperature of the LNG to change the gas phase to liquid. The aim of this study is to obtain better efficiency in the LNG manufacturing process, so it is necessary to carry out a heat exchanger design study. Based on the design calculation results, it was found that Heat Exchanger type 2-4, material Carbon steel, area 2076, 16 m2, Rd 0.005 hr ft2 oF/btu and ΔP of 4.4051 psi. It can be concluded that the heat changer design is feasible to operate safely and without any obstacles.
Lignite Coal Co-combustion Performance with Banana Tree Waste, Tree Leaves and Cow Dung Manure Blends for Emission Reduction During Power Generation
Authors: Siddique Mohammad , Abubakar Abdulhalim Musa , Soomro Suhail Ahmed , Memon Hafeez-ur-Rehman , Zakarya Irnis Azura , Sylvain Tome
Published: November 2024

Biomass blends with lignite coal (LC) normally have better co-combustion property, which in turn improves electricity output and reduces emissions. Given that global warming caused by emissions of CO, NOx, SO2, CO2 and NO from manufacturing industries and power plants is growing, this study seeks to find environmentally friendly alternative fuel to be employed. Here, suitable particle size of LC was combined with tree leaves (TL), cow dung manure (CDM) and banana tree waste (BTW) in the ratio of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40 each to form 16 samples (4 single and 12 blends). Thermal and combustion characteristics studies conducted during their combustion in an electric muffle furnace at 700  helped declare all blends as favorable with higher heating values ranging from 521179-892952 Btu/lb to be used as fuel in coal-powered plants. For moderately low emissions of flue gases, better thermal combustion property, high heating value (i.e., 892952 Btu/lb) and the highest electricity output, LC90 + CDM10 is the best blend discovered by this study. However, LC utilization still defeats the best performing blend in terms of lower emission with LC80 + TL20 having tolerably closer emission level compared to LC and a good substitute if emission must be kept as same level. Due to this shortcoming, further ratio adjustment or optimization and catalyst/additive addition is recommended to bring the emissions to environmentally friendly levels. It is also paramount to analyze the samples for chlorine concentrations to keep at desired composition in order not to risk a high temperature chlorine corrosion during co-combustion.
Evaluation of exhaust emissions of diesel engine using pyrolysis waste plastics fuel
Authors: Sudrajad Agung , Sunardi Sunardi , Rosyadi Imron , Iskandar Deni
Published: November 2024

The increase in the number of vehicles is one of the causes of increasing air pollution. In addition, plastic waste is a type of inorganic waste that has long decomposed, plastic waste can be recycled into fuel oil. But each type of fuel has characteristic properties, this affects the exhaust emissions resulting from the combustion process. The purpose of this study is to determine the exhaust gas emissions (CO, HC, CO2 ) from Single Cylinder R175A type diesel engines with the three kind of fuel such as 100% plastic fuel oil, dexlite, and a mixture of plastic oil fuel and dexlite with a mixture ratio of 30% plastic oil: 70% dexlite (PO30), 50% plastic oil: 50% dexlite (PO50) and 70% plastic oil: 30% dexlite (PO70). The result obtained is that carbon monoxide (CO) exhaust emissions increase with increasing rpm, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions decrease with increasing rpm. The use of plastic fuel oil produces the lowest carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.
Optimization of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Machine Process Parameters for Polylactic Acid (PLA) Surface Roughness Using the Taguchi Approach
Authors: Rosyadi Mochammad Willdan , Prayoga Adimas Dwi , Mukti Abdi Satryo , Mahameru Rolland Darin Khalifah , Lestari Wahyu Dwi
Published: November 2024

The surface quality of 3D printed products greatly influences the performance and aesthetics of the final product. Polyalactid Acid (PLA) is a material commonly used in 3D printing manufacturing because it is environmentally friendly and easy to use. However, the roughness of the printed surface is often a challenge that needs to be overcome to improve product quality. This research aims to optimize surface roughness in the 3D printing process using PLA material by applying the Taguchi method. The 3D printing parameters used in this research are nozzle temperature, infill density, printing speed, layer thickness, infill pattern, and orientation with each parameter having three levels. The research results show thatThe optimal parameter combination that produces the lowest surface roughness is nozzle temperature at level 2, infill density at level 3, printing speed at level 3, layer thickness at level 3, infill pattern at level 3, and orientation at level 3. The use of the Taguchi method also shows that the combination of printing process parameters is the factor that most influences the quality of the printed surface. With this optimization, it is hoped that it can improve the quality of 3D printed products and expand the application of PLA materials in various industries.
Effects of UV Exposure on the Physical, Chemical, and Mechanical Properties of Silica Microballoon Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Authors: Yunus Muhammad , Ardhyananta Hosta , Hidayat Mas Irfan Purbawanto , Rosidah Afira Ainur , Laksmono Joddy Arya , Jayatin Jayatin , Susanti Diah , Wijaya Ade Mundari
Published: November 2024

Epoxy-based composites are widely used in various applications due to their excellent mechanical properties and durability, but their performance under prolonged UV exposure remains a critical concern. This study examines the impact of UV exposure on the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of epoxy-silica microballoon composites over curing periods of 0, 200, and 400 hours. Results indicate that UV treatment increased the density from 1.0073 g/cm³ to 1.0129 g/cm³. SEM images showed a reduction in fragmentation of epoxy microballoons, indicating stronger bonding. EDX results revealed some changes in elemental composition, with a notable decrease in the percentage of sodium from 0.81 wt.% to 0.18 wt.% and silicon from 7.16 wt.% to 0.12 wt.%. FTIR analysis identified a new hydrogen bond formations at 3350 cm⁻¹. Mechanical testing showed that UV treatment significantly increased the flexural stress from 36.83 MPa to 49.98 MPa. Additionally, hardness (Shore D) increased from 78.4 to 80.2 Shore D. These findings highlighted the significant effects of UV exposure on the structural integrity and bonding mechanisms of the composites, offering valuable insights for their use in UV-prone environments.
Intersectionality of Marginalization: A Study of Indian Muslims
Authors: Khan Arfa
Published: November 2024

Marginalisation is the process by which particular communities or individuals are pushed to the perimeter of society, thereby reducing their options for political involvement, social interactions, and economic activities. This process is also known as marginalisation. The concept is convoluted and controversial, and it is frequently connected to the inequalities that marginalised groups are forced to contend with. Inequality and marginalisation commonly interact, and their mutual reinforcement is a common occurrence. Religious minorities, in particular, are susceptible to being excluded from activities, subjected to prejudice, and victimised. Within the context of the oppressed religious community that is the Indian Muslim population, these issues are intricately intertwined. In spite of the fact that there has been a recent uptick in attention paid to marginalisation, it is essential to investigate the historical evolution of this phenomena for communities who are marginalised. There is a considerable body of research suggesting that the marginalisation of minority groups is pervasive across society, and Indian Muslims are affected to varied degrees by this phenomenon. Scholars such as Imtiaz Ahmad and Zoya Hasan have made contributions to the ongoing conversation over the potential existence of a unique category sometimes referred to as "Dalit Muslims" within the social structure of Indian Muslims. It is important to note that many forms of marginalisation frequently overlap, which makes it more difficult to comprehend and effectively address the power dynamics that are currently in place. The purpose of this study is to analyse the systemic mechanisms that are responsible for the marginalisation of Muslims in India across a variety of facets of life. It sheds light on the pervasiveness of this marginalisation, which is maintained by historical and structural factors, policies implemented by the government, and socioeconomic disparities.
Counselling Interventions for Children with Learning Disabilities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rathore Uma
Published: November 2024

Children with learning disabilities (LD) face a range of academic, social, and emotional challenges that significantly impact their overall development. This systematic review aims to synthesize the current research on counselling interventions specifically designed to support children with LD in school settings. We examine two primary therapeutic approaches: cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and person-centred counselling, exploring their frameworks, methodologies, and reported outcomes. The review highlights the various ways in which counselling interventions can positively affect academic performance, emotional well-being, and social skills among children with LD. Research indicates that these interventions can lead to reduced anxiety levels, improved self-esteem, and better social integration. For instance, studies demonstrate that children who receive counselling exhibit increased motivation and engagement in academic activities, which can translate into enhanced academic achievement. Despite the positive effects identified in the literature, our review reveals significant barriers to accessing counselling services, particularly in under-resourced schools. Issues such as a lack of trained professionals, limited funding, and insufficient awareness among educators and parents hinder the availability of these essential services. The review concludes by emphasizing the necessity for specialized training for school counsellors to effectively address the unique needs of children with LD. Furthermore, we advocate for a collaborative approach that involves teachers, parents, and counsellors working together to create supportive environments for these children. We suggest that future research should focus on developing strategies to enhance the accessibility and implementation of counselling interventions in diverse educational settings, ensuring that all children with learning disabilities receive the support they need to succeed academically and socially.
Modern aspects of monochorionic twin pregnancy management
Authors:   Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Vasileva M.Y. ,   Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Botoeva A.O. ,   Almazov National Medical Research Centre; Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Khromova M.I. ,   Almazov National Medical Research Centre; Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: November 2024

Abstract Aim. To systematize the available current scientific data on the complications of monochorionic multiple pregnancy and form a modern view of monochorionic twin pregnancy. Key points. Multiple pregnancies have a high incidence of perinatal complications and mortality, and therefore are a high risk for pregnancy. The most common and determining adverse outcome complication is preterm birth. The outcome of multiple pregnancy directly depends on the type of chorionicity. In monochorionic twins with variegated anastomoses in the common placenta and uneven turnover between fetuses, feto-fetal transfusion syndrome, reverse arterial perfusion syndrome, anemia-polycythemia syndrome, and selective fetal growth restriction syndrome are fundamental for this type of placentation. Maternal morbidity and mortality are caused by more pronounced changes in hemodynamics and a high incidence of preeclampsia, as well as worsening of existing somatic diseases. Despite the use of existing methods for the prevention of premature birth and maternal complications, the improvement of methods for their correction, the incidence of severe perinatal outcomes and mortality still remains high. Conclusion. Twin pregnancies continue to have more adverse outcomes than singleton pregnancies, such as perinatal morbidity and mortality. Moreover, patients with multiple pregnancies are less likely to be included in clinical trials. Many issues of classification and approaches to the management of monochorionic multiple pregnancy and childbirth remain controversial. Efforts to standardize diagnostic criteria, monitoring protocols, management, and outcome reporting are likely to reduce perinatal risks. Reliable randomized and large prospective cohort studies are needed to resolve these controversies. Key words: multiple pregnancy, monochorionic twins, complications of multiple pregnancy, feto-fetal transfusion syndrome, selective fetal growth restriction.