bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geochemical Analysis as a Complementary Tool to Estimate the Uplift of Sediments Caused by Shallow Gas Hydrates in Mounds at the Seafloor of Joetsu Basin, Eastern Margin of the Japan Sea
Authors: Freire Antonio Fernando Menezes , Matsumoto Ryo , Akiba Fumio
Published: October 2012

The Holocene sediments of the eastern margin of the Japan Sea are characterized by high total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents, low TOC/TN and TS/TOC values with enriched δ13Corg signatures, as a result of high marine productivity during present oxic highstand. On the other hand, the LGM sediments are characterized by low TOC and TN contents, high TOC/TN and TS/TOC values with depleted δ13Corg signatures, characteristic of C3-derived terrestrial organic matter input during that anoxic lowstand. However, at the top of mounds at the seafloor, where gas hydrate and authigenic carbonate nodules occur, the host sediments have a mixture of both Holocene and LGM geochemical signatures. Both gas hydrate and authigenic carbonate, formed by the anaerobic oxidation of methane, increased the sedimentary volume and caused an uplift of older sediments, inducing mound formation. The thickness of the Holocene sediments over mounds is very small or absent exposing the last glacial maximum (LGM) sediments to the seafloor. The uplift of the LGM sediments within mounds is estimated to be >2 m. We conducted geochemical analysis to detect such sediment movement, using samples collected by shallow cores in the Joetsu Basin, eastern margin of the Japan Sea.
Parents’ Source of Vaccine Information and Impact on Vaccine Attitudes, Beliefs, and Nonmedical Exemptions
Authors: Jones Abbey M. , Omer Saad B. , Bednarczyk Robert A. , Halsey Neal A. , Moulton Lawrence H. , Salmon Daniel A.
Published: October 2012

In recent years, use of the Internet to obtain vaccine information has increased. Historical data are necessary to evaluate current vaccine information seeking trends in context. Between 2002 and 2003, surveys were mailed to 1,630 parents of fully vaccinated children and 815 parents of children with at least one vaccine exemption; 56.1% responded. Respondents were asked about their vaccine information sources, perceptions of these sources accuracy, and their beliefs about vaccination. Parents who did not view their child’s healthcare provider as a reliable vaccine information source were more likely to obtain vaccine information using the Internet. Parents who were younger, more highly educated, and opposed to school immunization requirements were more likely than their counterparts to use the Internet for vaccine information. Compared to parents who did not use the Internet for vaccine information, those who sought vaccine information on the Internet were more likely to have lower perceptions of vaccine safety (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.66; 95% CI, 1.18–2.35), vaccine effectiveness (aOR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.32–2.53), and disease susceptibility (aOR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.49–2.90) and were more likely to have a child with a nonmedical exemption (aOR 3.53, 95% CI, 2.61–4.76). These findings provide context to interpret recent vaccine information seeking research.
Spectral Characterization of Fungal Metabolites in Aqueous Medium with Humus Substances
Authors: Khundzhua D. A. , Patsaeva S. V. , Terekhova V. A. , Yuzhakov V. I.
Published: October 2012

The work is targeted to confirm participation of microscopic fungi in transformation of humus substances in aquatic environments. The research is focused on the spectroscopic study of the collection of fungal strains with different pigmentation of mycelium. Spectral properties of fungal metabolites were measured and compared to that of natural aquatic nonliving organic matter and commercial humus substances in aqueous solutions. The experiments revealed that the effect of microscopic fungi growing in the culture medium with added humate appeared as changes in the humic-type fluorescence: its characteristics became more similar to that of nonliving organic matter in natural waters than to original humate preparation. The experiments demonstrated degradation of coal-originated humate due to microbial activity into compounds of smaller molecular size and increased heterogeneity. We resume that transformation of humus substances by fungal cultures can be monitored and characterized using spectral measurements.
Insulin Resistance Predicts the Effectiveness of Different Glycemic Index Diets on Weight Loss in Non-Obese Women
Authors: Mediano Mauro Felippe Felix , Sichieri Rosely
Published: October 2012

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate whether baseline insulin resistance (IR) modify weight change associated to glycemic index (GI) of the diet. Method: This is a secondary analysis of a randomized GI intervention according to baseline HOMA-IR. Middle-aged (25–45 years), non-obese (BMI 23–29.9 kg/m2) women were randomized to low or high GI diets matched on total energy, macronutrient composition, and fiber content. Both groups received dietary counseling based on a small energy restriction (100–300 kcal/day). Women were classified in two groups according to their baseline HOMA-IR: IR (n = 64) and non-IR (n = 121). Results: At baseline, IR and non-IR groups had similar BMI (26.7 vs. 26.3 kg/m2; p = 0.21), but the IR group presented with higher waist circumference (82.7 vs. 80.8 cm; p = 0.02) and showed greater weight loss after 12 months of follow-up (–1.6 vs. –1.1 kg; p = 0.01), mainly among those in a high-GI diet (–2.1 vs. –1.0 kg; p = 0.005) compared to the non-IR group (–1.4 vs. –0.8 kg; p = 0.04). Conclusions: The high-GI group showed statistically significant higher reduction in body weight, mainly among those women with baseline IR . Low-GI diet did not facilitate weight loss neither in IR women nor in non-IR women.
Evaluation of Intra-Operative Abdominal Wall Perfusion in Post-Bariatric Abdominal Dermolipectomy
Authors: Dragu Adrian , Schnürer Stefan , Horbach Thomas , Unglaub Frank , Arkudas Andreas , Beier Justus P. , Kneser Ulrich , Horch Raymund E.
Published: October 2012

Objective: Abdominal dermolipectomy after massive weight loss has become a standard procedure. However the complication rates such as wound necrosis or secondary healing complications are still high. In this context ischaemia or inadequate micro-perfusion are known as triggers of wound healing complications. Little is known about the regional perfusion patterns before and after post-bariatric abdominal dermolipectomy. This study focuses on assessment of intraoperative micro-perfusion patterns of the abdominal tissue. Methods: The perfusion of the abdominal wall flap was monitored intra-operatively in 17 patients with an average BMI of 29.2 ± 3.7 kg/m2 after bariatric surgery. All patients underwent abdominal post-bariatric dermolipectomy after massive weight loss while applying the non-invasive O2C laser-spectrophotometer. The micro-perfusion parameters oxygen saturation (SO2), relative haemoglobin content (rHB) and relative blood flow (BF) were intra-operatively measured. Results: The results of this study show that the part of the abdominal fat typically resected during dermolipectomy has the lowest SO2 before surgery. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that previously well oxygenated parts in the median line of the abdominal fat undergo a significant decrease in oxygen saturation upon mobilisation and subsequent suturing, while the caudal wound edges show an increase of micro-perfusion parameters. Conclusion: Data show that micro-perfusion is worst in the median line of the cranial wound edge and is significantly altered after mobilisation. In addition an intra-operative increase of micro-perfusion in the caudal part of the wound edge, especially in the mons pubis area, can be measured.
Public Opinion & the Supreme Court: The Puzzling Case of Abortion
Authors: Greenhouse Linda
Published: October 2012

The relationship between the Supreme Court and public opinion remains ambiguous, despite efforts over many years by scholars both of the Court and of mass behavior to decipher it. Certainly Supreme Court Justices live in the world, and are propelled by the political system to their life-tenured positions. And certainly the Court, over time, appears to align itself with the broadly defined public mood. But the mechanism by which this occurs–the process by which the Court and the public engage one another in a highly attenuated dialogue–remains obscure. The Court's 1973 abortion decision, Roe v. Wade, offers a case in point. As the country began to reconsider the wisdom of the nineteenth-century criminalization of abortion, which voices did the Justices hear and to which did they respond? Probing beneath the surface of the public response to Roe serves to highlight rather than solve the puzzle.
Reading Comprehension and Fluency Levels Ranges Across Diverse Classrooms
Authors: Firmender Janine M. , Reis Sally M. , Sweeny Sheelah M.
Published: October 2012

This research examined the range of reading fluency and comprehension scores of 1,149 students in five diverse elementary schools, including a gifted and talented magnet school. Results revealed a range in reading comprehension across all schools of 9.2 grade levels in Grade 3, 11.3 in Grade 4, and 11.6 in Grade 5. A similar wide range of oral reading fluency scores was found across all elementary schools, as students scored from below the 10th percentile to above the 90th percentile. These results demonstrate the wide range of reading achievement in diverse populations of students, including gifted students, and the need for teachers to differentiate both reading content and instruction to enable all students to make continuous progress in reading.
Flow control via instabilities, vortices and steady structures under the action of external microwave energy release
Authors: Azarova Olga , Knight Doyle , Kolesnichenko Yuri
Published: October 2012

The details of flow dynamics during the interaction of a microwave filament (regarded as heated rarefied channel) with an aerodynamic body in supersonic flow are considered. Flow control via the effect on the frontal drag force is discussed. The mechanisms of the drag force reduction for a symmetrically located filament and temporary drag force enhancement for an asymmetrically located filament are established. These mechanisms are attributable to the vortex structures forming via the instabilities in front of the body and inside the shock layer. Three kinds of flow instabilities inside the shock layer are analyzed numerically. These are the Richtmeyer–Meshkov instability, the shear layer instability of Kelvin–Helmholtz type and the instability of a flat-parallel tangential discontinuity. The last instability is shown to be accompanied by generation of steady flow structures. A comparative analysis of the resultant vortices and structures is conducted. Limited length and infinite length filaments are considered. The flowfields are investigated for freestream Mach numbers equal to 1.89 and 3, and a wide range of filament characteristics.
Susceptibility-weighted imaging in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis indicates elevated deoxyhemoglobin, iron deposition and demyelination
Authors: Nathoo Nabeela , Agrawal Smriti , Wu Ying , Haylock-Jacobs Sarah , Yong V Wee , Foniok Tad , Barnes Samuel , Obenaus Andre , Dunn Jeff F
Published: October 2012

Background:

Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is an iron-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method that has shown iron-related lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The contribution of deoxyhemoglobin to the signals seen in SWI has not been well characterized in MS.

Objectives:

To determine if SWI lesions (seen as focal hypointensities) exist in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model of MS, and to determine whether the lesions relate to iron deposits, inflammation, demyelination, and/or deoxyhemoglobin in the vasculature.

Methods:

We performed SWI on the lumbar spinal cord and cerebellum of EAE and control mice (both complete Freund’s adjuvant/pertussis toxin (CFA/PTX)-immunized and naive). We also performed SWI on mice before and after perfusion (to remove blood from vessels). SWI lesions were counted and their locations were compared to histology for iron, myelin and inflammation.

Results:

SWI lesions were found to exist in the EAE model. Many lesions seen by SWI were not present after perfusion, especially at the grey/white matter boundary of the lumbar spinal cord and in the cerebellum, indicating that these lesion signals were associated with deoxyhemoglobin present in the lumen of vessels. We also observed SWI lesions in the white matter of the lumbar spinal cord that corresponded to iron deposition, inflammation and demyelination. In the cerebellum, SWI lesions were present in white matter tracts, where we found histological evidence of inflammatory perivascular cuffs.

Conclusions:

SWI lesions exist in EAE mice. Many lesions seen in SWI were a result of deoxyhemoglobin in the blood, and so may indicate areas of hypoxia. A smaller number of SWI lesions coincided with parenchymal iron, demyelination, and/or inflammation.
Comparative evaluation of flavone from Mucuna pruriens and coumarin from Ionidium suffruticosum for hypolipidemic activity in rats fed with high Fat diet
Authors: Dharmarajan Satheesh Kumar , Arumugam Kottai Muthu
Published: October 2012

The objective of the study is a comparative evaluation of flavone isolated from Mucuna pruriens and coumarin isolated from Ionidium suffruticosum was assessed for the hypolipidemic activity in rats fed with high fat diet. The acute toxicity study was found that flavone (M.pruriens) and coumarin (I.suffruticosum) are safe up to 100mg/kg, so one tenth of this dose (10mg/kg) was consider as a evaluation dose. High fat diet group of rats showed significant (p<0.001) elevation in plasma total and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids. Administration of flavone (M. pruriens) and coumarin isolated from (I.suffruticosum) at the dose of 10mg/kg b.wt/day along with high fat diet significantly (p<0.001) prevented the rise in the plasma total and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids than that of other extracts. However, treatment of coumarin isolated from (I.suffruticosum) had showed more cardio protective effect against hyperlipidemia than that of flavone (M.pruriens).
Trigeminal neuralgia post-styloidectomy in Eagle syndrome: a case report
Authors: Blackett John William , Ferraro Daniel J , Stephens John J , Dowling Joshua L , Jaboin Jerry J
Published: October 2012

Introduction

Eagle syndrome is a condition characterized by an elongated (>3cm) styloid process with associated symptoms of recurrent facial or throat pain. In this report we present a case of Eagle syndrome exhibiting the typical findings of glossopharyngeal nerve involvement, as well as unusual involvement of the trigeminal nerve. Notably, this patient developed a classical trigeminal neuralgia post-styloidectomy.

Case presentation

A 68-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 25-year history of dull pain along the right side of her throat, lateral neck, and jaw. Her symptoms were poorly controlled with medication until 15 years ago when she was diagnosed with Eagle syndrome, and underwent a manual fracture of her styloid process. This provided symptomatic relief until 5 years ago when the pain recurred and progressed. She underwent a styloidectomy via a lateral neck approach, which resolved the pain once again. However, 6 months ago a new onset of triggerable, electric shock-like facial pain began within the right V1 and V2 distributions.

Conclusions

Eagle syndrome is distressing to patients and often difficult to diagnose due to its wide variability in symptoms. It is easily confused with dental pain or temporomandibular joint disorder, leading to missed diagnoses and unnecessary procedures. Pain along the jaw and temple is an unusual but possible consequence of Eagle syndrome. An elongated styloid process should be considered a possible etiology of dull facial pain in the trigeminal distributions, in particular V3.
Isolation of inflammatory cells from rat brain tissue after stroke
Authors: Möller Karoline , Stahl Tobias , Boltze Johannes , Wagner Daniel-Christoph
Published: October 2012

The pathophysiology of sterile inflammation following focal ischemic stroke is complex and not fully understood, but there is growing evidence that it offers several therapeutic options beyond the hitherto existing treatment strategies. The identification and quantification of infiltrating inflammatory cells in animal models of stroke is crucial both for understanding post-stroke inflammation and for drug target identification. Multicolor flow cytometry plays an important role in determining subtypes and quantity of leukocytes that infiltrate the brain tissue after stroke. Until now, most investigations have been performed in mice, most likely due to a significantly broader spectrum of disposable antibodies and available knockout models. Here, we introduce a specific and reproducible method to isolate leukocytes from rat brain specimen in the context of brain ischemia to ultimately allow multi-dimensional flow cytometric characterization and further downstream methods such as cell-subtype sorting and molecular biological approaches.
Longitudinal Changes in Body Mass and Composition in Survivors of Childhood Hematologic Malignancies After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation
Authors: Inaba Hiroto , Yang Jie , Kaste Sue C. , Hartford Christine M. , Motosue Megan S. , Chemaitilly Wassim , Triplett Brandon M. , Shook David R. , Pui Ching-Hon , Leung Wing
Published: October 2012

Purpose

To measure longitudinal changes in body mass and composition in survivors of childhood hematologic malignancies after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT).

Patients and Methods

Body mass index (BMI) was analyzed in 179 survivors by category (underweight, healthy-weight, overweight, and obese) and by z score. Fat and lean body mass measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was analyzed as z scores.

Results

Over a median 6.6 years of follow-up, BMI z scores diminished significantly (0.32 pre-HSCT v −0.60 at 10 years post-HSCT; P < .001). Mean z scores for fat mass stayed within population norms, but those for lean mass remained below normal levels and diminished significantly over time (P = .018). Pre-HSCT BMI category and/or z score were strongly predictive of post-HSCT BMI (P < .001) and of fat and lean mass z scores (both P < .001). Survivors with extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease were more likely than others to have low BMI (P = .004) and low lean mass (P < .001) post-HSCT. Older age at HSCT (P = .015) and T-cell–depleted graft (P = .018) were predictive of lower post-HSCT BMI. Female patients had higher body fat (P = .002) and lower lean mass (P = .013) z scores than male patients, and black patients had higher fat mass z scores than white patients (P = .026).

Conclusion

BMI declines significantly after allogeneic HSCT for childhood hematologic malignancies, reflecting primarily a substantial decrease in lean mass but not fat mass. Monitoring and preservation of BMI and lean mass are vital, especially in those with the identified risk factors.
Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging: The Next Generation
Authors: Bhargava Rohit
Published: October 2012

Infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging seemingly matured as a technology in the mid-2000s, with commercially successful instrumentation and reports in numerous applications. Recent developments, however, have transformed our understanding of the recorded data, provided capability for new instrumentation, and greatly enhanced the ability to extract more useful information in less time. These developments are summarized here in three broad areas—data recording, interpretation of recorded data, and information extraction—and their critical review is employed to project emerging trends. Overall, the convergence of selected components from hardware, theory, algorithms, and applications is one trend. Instead of similar, general-purpose instrumentation, another trend is likely to be diverse and application-targeted designs of instrumentation driven by emerging component technologies. The recent renaissance in both fundamental science and instrumentation will likely spur investigations at the confluence of conventional spectroscopic analyses and optical physics for improved data interpretation. While chemometrics has dominated data processing, a trend will likely lie in the development of signal processing algorithms to optimally extract spectral and spatial information prior to conventional chemometric analyses. Finally, the sum of these recent advances is likely to provide unprecedented capability in measurement and scientific in-sight, which will present new opportunities for the applied spectroscopist.
Last of the Great Movie Moguls
Authors: Barnouw Erik
Published: October 2012

After Asian Cinema published Erik Barnouw's essay about the writing of his book on Indian cinema, he offered us this unpublished manuscript on Sir Run Run Shaw. He included the attached 1979 letter he wrote to the editor of American Film which had rejected this manuscript. He was more
than willing to let us print it also. - Editor.
Animation Film Production in Beijing
Authors: Ying Xu
Published: October 2012

Chinese animation film production started in 1926 with Chaos in the Studio made by the Wan brothers in Shanghai. According to the Chinese Film Year Book of 1927, there were only a few cartoonists in China, such as Qin Lifan, Huang Wennong, Yang Zuotao, and Wan Guchan. Most of them worked
in the south China cities, Guangzhou or Shanghai.
On universal covers in normed planes
Authors: Martini H. , Spirova M.
Published: October 2012

In 1914, Lebesgue posed his famous universal cover problem for the Euclidean plane which is still unsolved. We present the first explicit investigation of this problem for arbitrary normed planes. A convex body K in a finite dimensional real Banach space is called universal cover if any set of diameter 1 can be covered by a congruent copy of K; if ”congruent copy“ is replaced by ”translate”, then K is called strong universal cover. We describe the smallest regular hexagons, the smallest equilateral triangles, and the smallest squares (all these figures defined in the sense of the norm) that are strong universal covers in normed planes. In addition, the paper contains a new characterization of Radon planes. In view of universal covers having ball shape we shortly discuss also Jung constants of real Banach spaces, and a known result on Borsuk’s partition problem is reproved.
Posterior Rib Fractures in a Young Infant Who Received Chiropractic Care
Authors: Wilson Paria Majd , Greiner Mary V. , Duma Elena M.
Published: October 2012

We report on a 21-day-old infant with healing posterior rib fractures that were noted after a chiropractic visit for colic. Chiropractors are the third largest group of health care professionals in the United States, and colic is the leading complaint for pediatric chiropractic care. Rib fractures, specifically when posterior, are traditionally considered to be secondary to nonaccidental trauma. Thorough investigation is necessary to rule out bone fragility and genetic disorders, but patient history is key when evaluating unexplained fractures.
Impact of Neonatal Intensive Care on Late Preterm Infants: Developmental Outcomes at 3 Years
Authors: McGowan Jennifer E. , Alderdice Fiona A. , Doran Jacqueline , Holmes Valerie A. , Jenkins John , Craig Stanley , Johnston Linda
Published: October 2012

BACKGROUND:

Late preterm infants (LPIs) (34–36 weeks’ gestation) account for up to 75% of preterm births and constitute a significant proportion of all neonatal admissions. This study assessed the impact of neonatal intensive or high-dependency care (IC) on developmental outcomes of LPIs at 3 years of age.

METHODS:

This cohort study included 225 children born late preterm in Northern Ireland during 2006. Children born late preterm who received IC were compared with children born late preterm who did not receive IC. Cognitive, motor, and language skills were assessed by using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition. Growth was assessed by using anthropometric measures of height and weight.

RESULTS:

LPIs who received IC were more often less mature (34 weeks’ gestation), with lower birth weight (≤2500 g) and Apgar scores (<7 at 5 minutes) compared with the control group. They were more often born by cesarean delivery and more likely to have received resuscitation at birth. At 3 years of age, children born late preterm who received IC demonstrated similar cognitive, motor, and language skills compared with children in the control group. Measurements of growth also did not differ significantly between groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite having increased maternal, perinatal, and neonatal risk factors, there were no significant differences in early childhood development between LPIs who received IC and those who did not. LPIs do not receive routine follow-up after IC and this study provides useful and reassuring data for parents and clinicians on the longer-term outcome of this infant group.
Incidence of Serious Injuries Due to Physical Abuse in the United States: 1997 to 2009
Authors: Leventhal John M. , Gaither Julie R.
Published: October 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Although US child protective services data showed a 55% decrease in the national incidence of substantiated physical abuse from 1992 to 2009, no study has tracked the occurrence of serious injuries due to physical abuse. This study examined changes in the incidence of serious injuries due to physical abuse in hospitalized children from 1997 to 2009.

METHODS:

The Kids’ Inpatient Database, a sample of discharges from hospitals in the United States, includes International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis and external cause of injury codes; it was prepared every 3 years from 1997 to 2009. Cases of serious physical abuse (eg, abusive head injury) were identified by using injury codes (800–959) and codes for abuse (995.50, 0.54, 0.55, and 0.59), selected assault codes (E960–966, 968), or perpetrator of abuse (E967). The weighted number of hospitalizations due to serious physical abuse was used to calculate the national incidence, and χ2 for linear trend compared over time the incidence for children <18 years and <1 year of age.

RESULTS:

The incidence per 100 000 children <18 years of age increased 4.9%: 6.1 (95% confidence interval = 5.4–6.8) for 1997, 6.0 (5.2–6.7) for 2000, 6.0 (5.3–6.7) for 2003, 6.1 (5.3–6.8) for 2006, and 6.4 (5.7–7.2) for 2009 (P < .01). The incidence for children <1 year of age increased 10.9% (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Over 12 years, when substantiated physical abuse was declining, there was a small increase in the incidence of serious physical abuse in children <18 and <1 year of age.
Do Social Support, Stigma, and Social Problem-Solving Skills Predict Depressive Symptoms in People Living With HIV? A Mediation Analysis
Authors: White Worawan , Grant Joan S. , Pryor Erica R. , Keltner Norman L. , Vance David E. , Raper James L.
Published: October 2012

Social support, stigma, and social problem solving may be mediators of the relationship between sign and symptom severity and depressive symptoms in people living with HIV (PLWH). However, no published studies have examined these individual variables as mediators in PLWH. This cross-sectional, correlational study of 150 PLWH examined whether social support, stigma, and social problem solving were mediators of the relationship between HIV-related sign and symptom severity and depressive symptoms. Participants completed self-report questionnaires during their visits at two HIV outpatient clinics in the Southeastern United States. Using multiple regression analyses as a part of mediation testing, social support, stigma, and social problem solving were found to be partial mediators of the relationship between sign and symptom severity and depressive symptoms, considered individually and as a set.
Vestibuloplasty: Porcine Collagen Matrix Versus Free Gingival Graft: A Clinical and Histologic Study
Authors: Schmitt Christian M. , Tudor Christian , Kiener Katrin , Wehrhan Falk , Schmitt Johannes , Eitner Stefan , Agaimy Abbas , Schlegel Karl A.
Published: October 2012

Background: A free gingival graft (FGG) is currently the gold standard for augmenting small areas of keratinized mucosa. The porcine collagen matrix (CM) represents an alternative to autologous tissue harvesting. This study aims to compare the CM versus FGGs for augmenting keratinized peri‐implant mucosa based on clinical and histologic evaluations.

Methods: The study included 14 patients who underwent a vestibuloplasty with either a FGG from the palate (n = 7) or the CM (n = 7). An implant‐fixed vestibular retention splint was inserted for 30 days. Follow‐up examinations were performed at 4, 10, 30, and 90 days after surgery. Width of keratinized mucosa was measured in the region of each implant (days 10, 30, and 90). After 90 days, a biopsy was harvested for histologic and immunohistologic analyses. To characterize newly formed soft tissue, the authors stained for tissue‐and differentiation‐specific markers, cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, 13, and 14, to detect presence or absence of keratinization.

Results: The groups showed similar healing, with increased peri‐implant keratinized mucosa. The CM group had overall significantly shorter operation times than the FGG group. Both groups showed similar overall shrinkage (32.98% CM versus 28.35% FGG). All biopsies showed a multilayered, keratinized, squamous epithelium. CKs 5/6 and 14 were detected in the basal and suprabasal layers, and spots of CK 13 were detected in the suprabasal layer.

Conclusions: During the whole observation period, both groups showed comparable clinical and histologic outcomes. Within the limitations of the present study, CM seems to be a promising alternative for the regeneration of keratinized mucosa without tissue harvesting. Comparative long‐term studies are needed to investigate changes over time.
‘Not Always a Baker’s Cyst’ – An Unusual Presentation of a Central Voluminous Postero-Medial Meniscal Cyst
Authors: Sivasubramanian Harish , Ee Gerard , Srinivasaiah Manjunatha Ganiga , De Shamal Das , Sing AM
Published: October 2012

Meniscal cysts are rare and often are a result of extrusion of synovial fluid through a tear of the meniscus, resulting in a one-way valve effect of the tear. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy of the meniscus with intra-articular cyst drainage has become the standard of care. We report a case of an unusually large symptomatic medial meniscal cyst, situated postero-medially and pressing on the posterior cruciate ligament, which was initially clinically misdiagnosed as a Baker’s cyst. The patient had difficulty and pain on squatting. He was successfully treated with arthroscopic debridement and needle decompression; a rarity in literature for such a voluminous perilabral cyst tenting the posterior cruciate ligament. This procedure has the advantage of being able to obtain the cystic fluid for histological and cytological analysis before debridement. This case also highlights the importance of the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to accurately diagnose a central, posterior knee swelling.
GLP-1 and GLP-2 as Yin and Yang of Intestinal Lipoprotein Production
Authors: Hein Gustavo J. , Baker Chris , Hsieh Joanne , Farr Sarah , Adeli Khosrow
Published: October 2012

The glucagon-like peptides (GLP-1 and GLP-2) are processed from the proglucagon polypeptide and secreted in equimolar amounts but have opposite effects on chylomicron (CM) production, with GLP-1 significantly reducing and GLP-2 increasing postprandial chylomicronemia. In the current study, we evaluated the apparent paradoxical roles of GLP-1 and GLP-2 under physiological conditions in the Syrian golden hamster, a model with close similarity to humans in terms of lipoprotein metabolism. A short (30-min) intravenous infusion of GLP-2 resulted in a marked increase in postprandial apolipoprotein B48 (apoB48) and triglyceride (TG) levels in the TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) fraction, whereas GLP-1 infusion decreased lipid absorption and levels of TRL-TG and apoB48. GLP-1 and GLP-2 coinfusion resulted in net increased lipid absorption and an increase in TRL-TG and apoB48. However, prolonged (120-min) coinfusion of GLP-1 and GLP-2 decreased postprandial lipemia. Blocking dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity resulted in decreased postprandial lipemia. Interestingly, fructose-fed, insulin-resistant hamsters showed a more pronounced response, including possible hypersensitivity to GLP-2 or reduced sensitivity to GLP-1. In conclusion, under normal physiological conditions, the actions of GLP-2 predominate; however, when GLP-1 activity is sustained, the hypolipidemic action of GLP-1 predominates. Pharmacological inhibition of GLP-1 degradation tips the balance toward an inhibitory effect on intestinal production of atherogenic CM particles.
Does Elevated Plasma Triglyceride Level Independently Predict Impaired Fasting Glucose?
Authors: Lin Susan X. , Berlin Ivan , Younge Richard , Jin Zhezhen , Sibley Christopher T. , Schreiner Pamela , Szklo Moyses , Bertoni Alain G.
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVE

Elevated plasma triglycerides (TGs) have been included in diabetes risk prediction models. This study examined whether elevated TGs predict risk for impaired fasting glucose (IFG).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This study used the baseline and longitudinal follow-up data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). The analysis included non-Hispanic whites, African Americans, Hispanics, and Chinese Americans 45–84 years of age who had fasting glucose <100 mg/dL at baseline and who did not have clinically evident cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Cox proportional regression models were used to examine the association of elevated TGs with incidence of IFG adjusting for central obesity, low HDL cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, baseline fasting glucose, and BMI. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of elevated TGs in predicting IFG were calculated.

RESULTS

The incidence rate of developing IFG was 59.1 per 1,000 person-years during the median 4.75 years of follow-up. African Americans and Hispanics had a higher incidence rate of IFG compared with non-Hispanic whites among people with normal TG concentrations. Elevated TGs (>150 mg/dL) at baseline were independently associated with the incidence of IFG with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.19 (95% CI 1.04–1.37). However, its predictive value for identifying people at risk for IFG was poor, with <57% AUC. Interactions of elevated TGs with race/ethnicity in predicting IFG were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

Elevated TGs were moderately associated with risk for IFG, and it was a poor risk prediction tool for IFG.
Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Persons With Diabetes When First Presenting at a Diabetes Clinic in South Africa
Authors: Thomas Rebecca L. , Distiller Larry , Luzio Stephen D. , Chowdhury Sharmistha Roy , Melville Vanessa J. , Kramer Brian , Owens David R.
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVE

To describe the prevalence and associated risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) within a multiethnic population at presentation to a diabetes clinic in South Africa.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Retinal photography was conducted using a nonmydriatic digital camera without mydriasis and graded by one of three senior graders. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between any DR, referable DR, and clinical risk factors.

RESULTS

A total of 1,537 persons with type 1 and 3,978 with type 2 diabetes were included. Prevalence of any DR in type 1 diabetes was 35.2% (background DR 26% and referable DR 9.2%) and in type 2 diabetes was 20.5% (14.1 and 6.4%, respectively). In type 1 diabetes, there was an increased risk of any DR in Asian Indians, whereas the risk of referable DR was increased for indigenous Africans compared with Caucasians. In type 2 diabetes, the risk was increased for all non-Caucasians compared with Caucasians. Longer duration of diabetes and elevated HbA1c were independently associated with any and referable DR in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, with the addition of hypertension and smoking in type 1 diabetes when adjusted for age at diagnosis of diabetes, sex, and ethnicity.

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of DR in this population from South Africa was similar to that reported globally; however, ethnic differences were observed. Increasing duration of diabetes and poor glycemic control were the strongest risk factors associated with any and referable DR in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Evaluation of the quality of cladding deposited on continuous steel casting rolls
Authors: Viňáš Ján , Brezinová Janette , Guzanová Anna , Balog Peter
Published: October 2012

This paper presents the quality analysis of cladding layers deposited on continuous steel casting rolls made of 41CrMo4 (EN 10083-1-91). The effect of filler used on the tribological properties of claddings was analyzed. There was minimal mixing between the base material and interlayer observed in the process of hard surfacing. The microstructure of the interlayer and the coatings is martensite–ferrite. Dispersed carbides MC, M
7C3, and Cr23C6 were observed in the interlayer. Small amounts of carbides were also observed in the cover layer along with Cr2N and CrN, which was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The highest average hardness, 410 HV30, was measured in the cover layer at a distance of 1 mm from the surface. The lowest hardness was found in the base material, 239 to 243 HV30. The hardness of the interlayer metal is affected by mixing of cladding and cover layer metal. The cladding metal showed a martensite–ferrite structure and fine precipitates in the interlayer, and diffraction spectra of the carbides had the characteristics of MC, M
7C3, and Cr23C6 carbides. Lower abrasive wear has been reported in the reference material (a roll with a surface-hardened layer), which is in line with the contact surface hardness of test samples.
Effect of additive and current density on microstructure and texture characteristics of copper electrodeposits
Authors: Manu R. , Jayakrishnan Sobha
Published: October 2012

Copper was electrodeposited at different current densities with additive modifications of the plating bath. With respect to applied current density there is modification of the microstructure as well as the physical properties of the copper deposit. There is notable change in cathodic potential, as revealed from polarization analysis, with Mw of poly ethylene glycol. The increase in current density increased crystallite size and increased the hardness of the deposit. There is significant change in grain size and shape with respect to applied current density in the case of the same kind of additives. The crystallographic orientation of the deposit has a prominent (220) plane for deposit at high current density and the ratio I
(111)/I
(220) decreased with increase in current density. The observed changes can be envisaged as due to the adsorption nature, nucleation characteristics with respect to various additives and also on the hydrogen evolution rate with applied current density, which influenced the deposit character.
Morphology evolution of γ′ precipitates in GTD-111 Ni-based superalloy with heat treatment parameters
Authors: Berahmand Mohamad , Sajjadi Seyed Abdolkarim
Published: October 2012

GTD-111 is an Ni-based superalloy used in manufacturing of gas turbine blades. The superalloy attains appropriate high temperature strength through precipitation hardening. In this research the effect of isothermal aging on the morphology evolution and characteristics of precipitates was investigated. Two different heat treatment cycles were applied to the specimens. In cycle I all samples were solution-treated at 1 200 °C for 4 h and water quenched to obtain supersaturated solid solution. A microstructure containing fine γ′ precipitates was produced after heat treatment cycle I. The second heat treatment, cycle II, consisted of reheating of the specimens in the precipitate partial dissolution zone at 1 150 °C for 2 h to get coarse primary precipitates, and then water quenching to obtain fine secondary precipitates. The precipitate coarsening in the fine and duplex size precipitate distribution was studied by means of aging of the specimens for various times at 1 000 °C. The results showed that during long-term annealing of the single size distribution (Cycle Ι), precipitates line up to reduce interactive free energy and grow to fairly coarse sizes along a direction. In cycle ΙΙ, the precipitates were split into a group of eight small cuboids or pairs of parallel plates and a large number of γ′ particles were closely aligned along a direction.
Sliding wear performance of Fe-, Ni- and Co-based hardfacing alloys for PTA cladding
Authors: Hsieh Chih-Chun , Chen Jie-Hao , Huang Fa-Te , Wu Weite
Published: October 2012

Stellite 6, Colmonoy 56, and SKS3 tool steel are typically the materials used as weld hardfacing claddings or as-cast to provide the needed wear resistance to a base material with the required mechanical properties. In this study, a series of Co- and Ni-based hardfacing alloys are successfully fabricated on a substrate of S45C carbon steel using the plasma transferred arc process with Stellite 6 and Colmonoy 56 powders. An Fe-based hardfacing alloy is used on commercial SKS3 tool steel for comparison. The microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of the three materials are investigated systematically. The two claddings and the as-cast SKS3 examined belong to the categories of Co-, Ni- and Fe-based hardfacing, respectively, with hard carbides/borides in their microstructures. The two different claddings are not only tested against SKS3 tool steel but also against each other using the ring-on-disk wear test. After the wear test, the worn surfaces are examined using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy to identify the dominant wear mechanisms. The experimental results show adhesive wear is confirmed by metal transfer from a hard surface to a softer one in Stellite 6 against SKS3, and in Colmonoy 56 against the Stellite 6 specimens, while surface deformation testifies to abrasive wear. The transfer layer formed on the surface prevents direct metal-to-metal contact and reduces the wear loss. For Colmonoy 56 against SKS3, adhesion does not occur; instead, Colmonoy 56 causes serious abrasion on SKS3 due to its greater degree of hardness and causes significant wear loss for SKS3.
Ageing and Health : How far Bangladesh is prepared?
Authors: Rowshon AHM
Published: October 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v4i1.11993 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2012;4(1):1-2
Feeding Pattern and Nutritional Status of Under Two Years Slum Children
Authors: Akhtar K , Haque ME , Islam MZ , Yusuf MA , Sharif AR , Ahsan AI
Published: October 2012

Background: Feeding practices play a pivotal role in determining the optimal development of infants. Through this study the information helps to make planning to decrease malnutrition and way of proper feeding in reaching the target of MDG 4. Objective: The aim of the's present study was to assess feeding pattern and nutritional status of under two years children. Methodology: This cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in one slum of Dhaka City Corporation from January to June 2010. The study included 125 apparently healthy children and their mothers as respondents. Result: Among all the mothers 120 (96%) respondents fed their child colostrum; 54 (45.0%) respondents initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth.105 (84%) respondents gave prelacteal feeding. only 20 (16%) respondents practiced exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. It was revealed that 80 (64%) mothers fed their child complementary feeding at the age 6-7 months. Nutritional status of the children was in -<3SD including17.4% stunting, 19.1% wasting and 24.3% underweight. Conclusion: Traditional cultural barriers is still existed with poor practice of exclusive breast feeding while complementary feeding pattern had bizarre pattern. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v4i1.11994 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2012;4(1):3-6
Clinical Profile of Children with Pleural Effusion Admitted In a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan M , Islam MR , Matin A , Khan R , Rahman M , Islam MR , Karim AKMR
Published: October 2012

Background: Pleural effusion is a problem commonly encountered by chest physicians. Objective: This study was an attempt to know the clinical presentation in order to avoid delay in diagnosis that may influence treatment and outcome. Methods: This cross-sectional study of thirty (30) admitted cases with pleural effusion were confirmed by chest radiography and aspiration of pleural fluid from one (1) year to twelve (12) years age of either sex the patientdwere selected purposively, was studied from July 2009 to Feb 2010 in the Department of Pediatrics, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital . All information were recorded in pre tested semi structured questionnaire. Results: Positivity was higher in male children, (66.7%). Completely immunized were 56.7%. One third of cases were severely malnourished. History of respiratory distress & fever was present in 96.7%, cough in 90%. All cases had diminished chest movement, sub costal recession, and diminished breath sound on the affected side. Lobar consolidation was observed in 33.3% cases, patchy opacities in 53.3% cases. Fluid levels were observed in 76.7% cases. Color of pleural fluid was straw in 56.7%, clear in 30.0%, blood stained in 13.3%. Conclusion: History and good clinical examination can diagnose pleural effusion. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v4i1.11995 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2012;4(1):7-9
Seizures in Newborn: An Update
Authors: Begum N , Begum T , Khatoon S
Published: October 2012

Neonatal seizure is the most prominent neurological dysfunction in the neonatal period which constitutes a medical emergency. Seizures result from excessive depolarization of neurons within the nervous system. Tonic, clonic, subtle and myoclonic are the different forms of neonatal seizure. Among the causes hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is the commonest. Jitteriness and benign neonatal sleep myoclonus should be differentiated from the neonatal seizure. Proper history taking and meticulous examination should aimed to identify the seizure and find out the aetiology. Important investigations include blood sugar, serum electrolytes (Na, Ca, Mg), arterial blood gas, anion gap, cerebrospinal fluid examination, ultrasound examination of the head and electroencephalography. Upon identification of common metabolic derangements like hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesemia, they are treated as per recommended protocol. The rest of the symptomatic seizures (nonmetabolic) are treated with phenobarbitone. If seizures failed to respond or recur after Phenobarbitone therapy, Phenytoin, Midozolam are the subsequent options. As the recurrence rate is relatively small and the potential toxicities are high on developing brain, the good practice is to stop anticonvulsant as early as possible. Neonatal seizures have an adverse effect on neurodevelopmental outcome and predispose to cognitive, behavioral, or epileptic complications in later life. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v4i1.12000 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2012;4(1):26-31
Hereditary Multiple Exostoses Complicated By Common Peroneal Nerve Palsy
Authors: Rashid MA , Moonmoon TH , Haque Z , Khan EH , Nessa J
Published: October 2012

Hereditary multiple exostoses is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder. It is characterized by multiple bony prominences and skeletal deformities. It can lead to a series of complications including deformity of the joint, fractures through the tumor pedicle, mechanical block of nearby joints, nerve compression and malignant change. In this case it has been described a rare case of a seventeen-year old male patient with a history of hereditary multiple exostoses presented with foot drop. The management and Physiatric approach are discussed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v4i1.12001 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2012;4(1):32-34