bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous monitoring system for safe managements of CO2 storage and geothermal reservoirs
Authors: Tsuji Takeshi , Ikeda Tatsunori , Matsuura Ryosuke , Mukumoto Kota , Hutapea Fernando Lawrens , Kimura Tsunehisa , Yamaoka Koshun , Shinohara Masanao
Published: September 2021

We have developed a new continuous monitoring system based on small seismic sources and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). The source system generates continuous waveforms with a wide frequency range. Because the signal timing is accurately controlled, stacking the continuous waveforms enhances the signal-to-noise ratio, allowing the use of a small seismic source to monitor extensive areas (multi-reservoir). Our field experiments demonstrated that the monitoring signal was detected at a distance of ~ 80 km, and temporal variations of the monitoring signal (i.e., seismic velocity) were identified with an error of < 0.01%. Through the monitoring, we identified pore pressure variations due to geothermal operations and rains. When we used seafloor cable for DAS measurements, we identified the monitoring signals at > 10 km far from the source in high-spatial resolution. This study demonstrates that multi-reservoir in an extensive area can be continuously monitored at a relatively low cost by combining our seismic source and DAS.
Short-term transcriptomic response to plasma membrane injury
Authors: Häger Swantje Christin , Dias Catarina , Sønder Stine Lauritzen , Olsen André Vidas , da Piedade Isabelle , Heitmann Anne Sofie Busk , Papaleo Elena , Nylandsted Jesper
Published: September 2021

Plasma membrane repair mechanisms are activated within seconds post-injury to promote rapid membrane resealing in eukaryotic cells and prevent cell death. However, less is known about the regeneration phase that follows and how cells respond to injury in the short-term. Here, we provide a genome-wide study into the mRNA expression profile of MCF-7 breast cancer cells exposed to injury by digitonin, a mild non-ionic detergent that permeabilizes the plasma membrane. We focused on the early transcriptional signature and found a time-dependent increase in the number of differentially expressed (> twofold, P < 0.05) genes (34, 114 and 236 genes at 20-, 40- and 60-min post-injury, respectively). Pathway analysis highlighted a robust and gradual three-part transcriptional response: (1) prompt activation of immediate-early response genes, (2) activation of specific MAPK cascades and (3) induction of inflammatory and immune pathways. Therefore, plasma membrane injury triggers a rapid and strong stress and immunogenic response. Our meta-analysis suggests that this is a conserved transcriptome response to plasma membrane injury across different cell and injury types. Taken together, our study shows that injury has profound effects on the transcriptome of wounded cells in the regeneration phase (subsequent to membrane resealing), which is likely to influence cellular status and has been previously overlooked.
Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Phoenix dactylifera and their effect on biomass and phytochemical compounds in Juniperus procera
Authors: Salih Abdalrhaman M. , Al-Qurainy Fahad , Khan Salim , Tarroum Mohamed , Nadeem Mohammad , Shaikhaldein Hassan O. , Gaafar Abdel-Rhman Zakaria , Alfarraj Norah S.
Published: September 2021

Biosynthesized nanoparticles have played vital role recently, as suggested to be alternative to physical and chemical methods. In this study, biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were carried out using leaf extracts of Phoenix dactylifera L. and Zinc nitrate. The effect of ZnO nanoparticles on biomass and biochemical parameters was investigated. Biosynthesized ZnO nanostructure was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–visible spectrophotometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Which resulted in spherical shape with size ranging between 16 to 35 nm of Biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles and UV absorption beak at 370.5 nm with clear peaks of functional groups. The impact of different concentrations (0.0 mg/L, 80 mg/L and 160 mg/L) of biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles on biomass and bioactive compounds production of Juniperus procera in vitro was investigated. The results showed that, biosynthesized ZnO NPs (80 mg/L and 160 mg/L) concentrations were boosted the growth of J. Procera with significantly compared to non-treated plants in vitro. The highest concentration (160 mg/L) of ZnO NPs was enhanced the growth of plant at beginning period, one month later shoots became yellow and callus turned to be brownish. Moreover, the influence of ZnO NPs on phytochemical compounds in callus of Juniperus procera was examined using GC–MS analysis. The differences among treatments were recoded. Overall, zinc oxide nanoparticles substantially improved the growth of shoots and callus with increasing of biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll a, total phenolic and flavonoids contents, besides the total protein and, SOD, CAT and APX activity. ZnO NPs might be induced some phytochemical compounds as well as inhibit.
Sarcopenia-derived exosomal micro-RNA 16-5p disturbs cardio-repair via a pro-apoptotic mechanism in myocardial infarction in mice
Authors: Hayasaka Taiki , Takehara Naofumi , Aonuma Tatsuya , Kano Kohei , Horiuchi Kiwamu , Nakagawa Naoki , Tanaka Hiroki , Kawabe Jun-ichi , Hasebe Naoyuki
Published: September 2021

Sarcopenia is a pathophysiological malfunction induced by skeletal muscle atrophy. Several studies reported an association between sarcopenia-induced cardiac cachexia and poor prognosis in heart disease. However, due to lack of an established animal models, the underlying mechanism of disturbed cardiac repair accompanied with sarcopenia remains poorly understood. Here, we developed a novel sarcopenia-induced cardiac repair disturbance mouse model induced by tail suspension (TS) after cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Importantly, we identified a specific exosomal-microRNA marker, miR-16-5p, in the circulating exosomes of I/R-TS mice. Of note, sarcopenia after I/R disturbed cardiac repair and raised the level of circulating-exosomal-miR-16-5p secreting from both the atrophic limbs and heart of TS mice. Likewise, miR-16-5p mimic plasmid disturbed cardiac repair in I/R mice directly. Additionally, in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) cultured in vitro under hypoxic conditions in the presence of a miR-16-5p mimic, we observed increased apoptosis through p53 and Caspase3 upregulation, and also clarified that autophagosomes were decreased in NRVMs via SESN1 transcript interference-mediated mTOR activation. In conclusion, we show the pro-apoptotic effect of sarcopenia-derived miR-16-5p, which may be behind the exacerbation of myocardial infarction. Therefore, miR-16-5p can be a novel therapeutic target in the context of cardiac repair disturbances in sarcopenia–cachexia.
Genetic variants associated with platelet count are predictive of human disease and physiological markers
Authors: Mikaelsdottir Evgenia , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Stefansdottir Lilja , Halldorsson Gisli , Sigurdsson Jon K. , Lund Sigrun H. , Tragante Vinicius , Melsted Pall , Rognvaldsson Solvi , Norland Kristjan , Helgadottir Anna , Magnusson Magnus K. , Ragnarsson Gunnar B. , Kristinsson Sigurdur Y. , Reykdal Sigrun , Vidarsson Brynjar , Gudmundsdottir Ingibjorg J. , Olafsson Isleifur , Onundarson Pall T. , Sigurdardottir Olof , Sigurdsson Emil L. , Grondal Gerdur , Geirsson Arni J. , Geirsson Gudmundur , Gudmundsson Julius , Holm Hilma , Saevarsdottir Saedis , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Thorgeirsson Gudmundur , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Rafnar Thorunn , Stefansson Kari
Published: September 2021

Platelets play an important role in hemostasis and other aspects of vascular biology. We conducted a meta-analysis of platelet count GWAS using data on 536,974 Europeans and identified 577 independent associations. To search for mechanisms through which these variants affect platelets, we applied cis-expression quantitative trait locus, DEPICT and IPA analyses and assessed genetic sharing between platelet count and various traits using polygenic risk scoring. We found genetic sharing between platelet count and counts of other blood cells (except red blood cells), in addition to several other quantitative traits, including markers of cardiovascular, liver and kidney functions, height, and weight. Platelet count polygenic risk score was predictive of myeloproliferative neoplasms, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, hypertension, and benign prostate hyperplasia. Taken together, these results advance understanding of diverse aspects of platelet biology and how they affect biological processes in health and disease.
Direct tissue-sensing reprograms TLR4+ Tfh-like cells inflammatory profile in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Amaral-Silva Daniela , Gonçalves Rute , Torrão Rita C. , Torres Rita , Falcão Sandra , Gonçalves Maria João , Araújo Maria Paula , Martins Maria José , Lopes Carina , Neto Agna , Marona José , Costa Tiago , Castelão Walter , Silva Ana Bento , Silva Inês , Lourenço Maria Helena , Mateus Margarida , Gonçalves Nuno Pina , Manica Santiago , Costa Manuela , Pimentel-Santos Fernando M. , Mourão Ana Filipa , Branco Jaime C. , Soares Helena
Published: September 2021

CD4+ T cells mediate rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis through both antibody-dependent and independent mechanisms. It remains unclear how synovial microenvironment impinges on CD4+ T cells pathogenic functions. Here, we identified a TLR4+ follicular helper T (Tfh) cell-like population present in the blood and expanded in synovial fluid. TLR4+ T cells possess a two-pronged pathogenic activity whereby direct TLR4+ engagement by endogenous ligands in the arthritic joint reprograms them from an IL-21 response, known to sponsor antibody production towards an IL-17 inflammatory program recognized to fuel tissue damage. Ex vivo, synovial fluid TLR4+ T cells produced IL-17, but not IL-21. Blocking TLR4 signaling with a specific inhibitor impaired IL-17 production in response to synovial fluid recognition. Mechanistically, we unveiled that T-cell HLA-DR regulates their TLR4 expression. TLR4+ T cells appear to uniquely reconcile an ability to promote systemic antibody production with a local synovial driven tissue damage program.
Direct alkylation of N,N-dialkyl benzamides with methyl sulfides under transition metal-free conditions
Authors: Bao Can-Can , Du Hui-Zhen , Luo Yan-Long , Guan Bing-Tao
Published: September 2021

Amides are a fundamental and widespread functional group, and are usually considered as poor electrophiles owing to resonance stabilization of the amide bond. Various approaches have been developed to address challenges in amide transformations. Nonetheless, most methods use activated amides, organometallic reagents or transition metal catalysts. Here, we report the direct alkylation of N,N-dialkyl benzamides with methyl sulfides promoted by the readily available base LDA (lithium diisopropylamide). This approach successfully achieves an efficient and selective synthesis of α-sulfenylated ketones without using transition-metal catalysts or organometallic reagents. Preliminary mechanism studies reveal that the deprotonative aroylation of methyl sulfides is promoted by the directed ortho-lithiation of the tertiary benzamide with LDA.
A boron-transfer mechanism mediating the thermally induced revival of frustrated carbene–borane pairs from their shelf-stable adducts
Authors: Hoshimoto Yoichi , Sakuraba Mahiro , Kinoshita Takuya , Ohbo Masaki , Ratanasak Manussada , Hasegawa Jun-ya , Ogoshi Sensuke
Published: September 2021

Chemists have designed strategies that trigger the conformational isomerization of molecules in response to external stimuli, which can be further applied to regulate the complexation between Lewis acids and bases. We have recently developed a system in which frustrated carbene–borane pairs are revived from shelf-stable but external-stimuli-responsive carbene–borane adducts comprised ofN-phosphine-oxide-substituted imidazolylidenes (PoxIms) and triarylboranes. Herein, we report the detailed mechanism on this revival process. A thermally induced borane-transfer process from the carbene carbon atom to theN-phosphinoyl oxygen atom initiates the transformation of the carbene–borane adduct. Subsequent conformational isomerization via the rotation of theN-phosphinoyl group in PoxIm moieties eventually leads to the revival of frustrated carbene–borane pairs that can cleave H2. We believe that this work illustrates an essential role of dynamic conformational isomerization in the regulation of the reactivity of external-stimuli-responsive Lewis acid-base adducts that contain multifunctional substituents.
Detecting microstructural deviations in individuals with deep diffusion MRI tractometry
Authors: Chamberland Maxime , Genc Sila , Tax Chantal M. W. , Shastin Dmitri , Koller Kristin , Raven Erika P. , Cunningham Adam , Doherty Joanne , van den Bree Marianne B. M. , Parker Greg D. , Hamandi Khalid , Gray William P. , Jones Derek K.
Published: September 2021

Most diffusion magnetic resonance imaging studies of disease rely on statistical comparisons between large groups of patients and healthy participants to infer altered tissue states in the brain; however, clinical heterogeneity can greatly challenge their discriminative power. There is currently an unmet need to move away from the current approach of group-wise comparisons to methods with the sensitivity to detect altered tissue states at the individual level. This would ultimately enable the early detection and interpretation of microstructural abnormalities in individual patients, an important step towards personalized medicine in translational imaging. To this end, Detect was developed to advance diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractometry towards single-patient analysis. By operating on the manifold of white-matter pathways and learning normative microstructural features, our framework captures idiosyncrasies in patterns along white-matter pathways. Our approach paves the way from traditional group-based comparisons to true personalized radiology, taking microstructural imaging from the bench to the bedside.
Are lanthanide-transition metal direct bonds a route to achieving new generation {3d–4f} SMMs?
Authors: Swain Abinash , Sen Asmita , Rajaraman Gopalan
Published: September 2021

3d–4f metal–metal bonds are utilised to enhance exchange coupling to the order of several hundred wavenumbers.
Design of trimetallic sulfide hollow nanocages from metal–organic frameworks as electrode materials for supercapacitors
Authors: Zhao Xueyan , Bi Qiong , Yang Cui , Tao Kai , Han Lei
Published: September 2021

Trimetallic sulfide hollow nanocages were prepared by sequential nickel nitrate etching, co-precipitation and vulcanization of a bimetallic ZIF, and the as-prepared Ni–Zn–Co–S exhibits excellent electrochemical performance in supercapacitors.
Design considerations for multi-terawatt scale manufacturing of existing and future photovoltaic technologies: challenges and opportunities related to silver, indium and bismuth consumption
Authors: Zhang Yuchao , Kim Moonyong , Wang Li , Verlinden Pierre , Hallam Brett
Published: September 2021

As the photovoltaic (PV) industry heading towards the multi-TW scale, PV technologies need to be carefully evaluated based on material consumption rather than just efficiency or cost to ensure sustainable growth of the industry.
Particle formation mechanisms supported by in situ synchrotron XAFS and SAXS studies: a review of metal, metal-oxide, semiconductor and selected other nanoparticle formation reactions
Authors: Whitehead Christopher B. , Finke Richard G.
Published: September 2021

Following the definition of and four primary criteria for obtaining reliable, disproof-based mechanisms of particle formation, 74 literature papers utilizing synchrotron XASF and SAXS are analyzed with an emphasis on 8 case studies.
Carbon-MEMS based rectangular channel microarrays embedded pencil trace for high rate and high-performance lithium-ion battery application
Authors: Gangadharan Ananya , Kali Suresh , Mamidi Suresh , Pathak Anil D. , Sharma Chandra S.
Published: September 2021

C-MEMS based rectangular channel microarrays anode for high performance Li-ion battery.
Charge trapping with α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles accompanied by human hair towards an enriched triboelectric series and a sustainable circular bioeconomy
Authors: Chakraborty Ishita , Lai Sz-Nian , Wu Ming-Chung , Lin Hsun-Yen , Li Chuan , Wu Jyh Ming , Lai Chao-Sung
Published: September 2021

The PDMS@α-Fe2O3 NP film and human hair-based high performance TENG harvests mechanical energy while expanding waste hair utilization, initiating a rising approach toward the circular bio economy that will play a key role in avoiding climate crisis.
Copper-catalyzed selective oxidation of hydrazones through C(sp3)–H functionalization
Authors: Shen Jiabin , Jiang Xiaoying , Wu Haifeng , Xu Jun , Zhu Qing , Zhang Pengfei
Published: September 2021

A simple and mild protocol for copper-catalyzed oxidation of hydrazones at the α-position has been reported. Various substrates are compatible, providing the corresponding products in moderate to good yields.
An environmentally benign regioselective synthesis of 2-benzyl-4-arylquinoline derivatives using aryl amines, styrene oxides and aryl acetylenes
Authors: Ali Saghir , Khan Abu T.
Published: September 2021

2-Benzyl-4-aryl/heteroaryl quinolines.
Diastereodivergent synthesis of fully disubstituted spiro[indoline-3,2′-pyrrolidin]-2-ones via tuneable Lewis base/Brønsted base-promoted (3 + 2) cycloadditions
Authors: Li Ke , Zhang Zhipeng , Zhu Jiahui , Wang Yuxin , Zhao Jing , Li Er-Qing , Duan Zheng
Published: September 2021

We have developed unique base-promoted diastereoselective (3 + 2) cycloadditions. A diastereodivergent synthesis of fully disubstituted spiro[indoline-3,2′-pyrrolidin]-2-ones was realized by tuning a Lewis base/Brønsted base.
Structural, optical and dielectric properties of tellurium-based double perovskite Sr2Ni1−xZnxTeO6
Authors: Alias Fatasya Izreen Hanim , Rajmi Rozilah , Maulud Mohd Fauzi , Mohamed Zakiah
Published: September 2021

In this paper, Sr2Ni1−xZnxTeO6(x= 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) double perovskite compounds were synthesised by the conventional solid-state method, and the structural, optical and dielectric properties were investigated.
Efficacy and safety of scleral crosslinking using poly(ethylene glycol)ether tetrasuccinimidyl glutarate for form-deprivation myopia progression in rabbits
Authors: Wang Yanbing , Wu Zhenquan , Liu Bingqian , Lu Jiang , Tanumiharjo Silvia , Huang Jianbing , Zhao Xiujuan , Lu Lin
Published: September 2021

Poly(ethylene glycol)ether tetrasuccinimidyl glutarate (4S-PEG) can induce type I collagen crosslinking to control the progression of form-deprivation myopia in rabbits.
Self-induced cobalt-derived hollow structure Prussian blue as a cathode for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Luo Yu , Peng Jiayu , Yan Youwei
Published: September 2021

By using Fe3[Co(CN)6]2 as a precursor, hollow structured Prussian blue can be synthesized via anion exchange methods without any other additive.
The impact of molecular orientation on carrier transfer characteristics at a phthalocyanine and halide perovskite interface
Authors: Javaid Saqib , Lee Geunsik
Published: September 2021

Our work reports the impact of MPc orientation upon perovskite solar cell efficiency.
Ultrafast Fenton-like reaction route to FeOOH/NiFe-LDH heterojunction electrode for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Liang Yan , Wang Jun , Liu Depei , Wu Lin , Li Taozhu , Yan Shicheng , Fan Qi , Zhu Kai , Zou Zhigang
Published: September 2021

An industrial-scale time- and cost-effective route to produce a highly efficient and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrode is desirable and highly challenging.
Defective Ag–In–S/ZnS quantum dots: an oxygen-derived free radical scavenger for mitigating macrophage inflammation
Authors: Gao Na , Jing Jing , Zhao Hengzhi , Liu Yazhou , Yang Chunlei , Gao Mengxu , Chen Bingkun , Zhang Rubo , Zhang Xiaoling
Published: September 2021

The as-prepared defective AIS/ZnS QDs have favorable oxygen-derived free radical scavenging abilities in vitro and exhibit benign anti-inflammatory activities in the model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in macrophages.
Improving the performance of photovoltaic cells based on nanocomposites with contorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon additive in bulk heterojunction
Authors: Lee Jaehyeon , Shim Jaeho , Lee Joo Song , Choi Chel-Jong , Yim Sang-Youp , Jin Yeonghoon , Yu Kyoungsik , Park Young Jae , Ahn Seokhoon , Son Dong Ick
Published: September 2021

Cocrystal formation due to a combination between 4Cl-cHBC and bulk heterojunction for improving the efficiency. The power conversion efficiency of a device using the 4Cl-cHBC additives is 9.46%, which is 20.6% higher than that of a reference device.
Rational arrangement of multiple exciplex hosts for highly efficient white organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Sun Shuang-Qiao , Liu Han , Feng Dan-Dan , Huang Chen-Chao , Wang Tong-Tong , He Wei , Zhang Yi-Jie , Luo Wei , Sun Qi , Fung Man-Keung
Published: September 2021

Designing a novel exciplex host and arranging rational multiple-exciplex hosts in emissive layers.Two and three color WOLEDs based on multiple exciplex hosts exhibited maximum EQEs of 30.9% and 27.0%, respectively. Remarkedly, their EQEs remained at 22.1% and 21.3% at a high luminance of 5000 cd m−2.
Imatinib protects against human beta-cell death via inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and activation of AMPK
Authors: Elksnis Andris , Schiffer Tomas A , Palm Fredrik , Wang Yun , Cen Jing , Turpaev Kyril , Ngamjariyawat Anongnad , Younis Shady , Huang Suling , Shen Yu , Leng Ying , Bergsten Peter , Karlsborn Tony , Welsh Nils , Wang Xuan
Published: September 2021

The protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib is used in the treatment of various malignancies but may also promote beneficial effects in the treatment of diabetes. The aim of the present investigation was to characterize the mechanisms by which imatinib protects insulin producing cells. Treatment of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with imatinib resulted in increased beta-cell AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. Imatinib activated AMPK also in vitro, resulting in decreased ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation and protection against islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)-aggregation, thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) up-regulation and beta-cell death. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) mimicked and compound C counteracted the effect of imatinib on beta-cell survival. Imatinib-induced AMPK activation was preceded by reduced glucose/pyruvate-dependent respiration, increased glycolysis rates, and a lowered ATP/AMP ratio. Imatinib augmented the fractional oxidation of fatty acids/malate, possibly via a direct interaction with the beta-oxidation enzyme enoyl coenzyme A hydratase, short chain, 1, mitochondrial (ECHS1). In non-beta cells, imatinib reduced respiratory chain complex I and II-mediated respiration and acyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation, suggesting that mitochondrial effects of imatinib are not beta-cell specific. In conclusion, tyrosine kinase inhibitors modestly inhibit mitochondrial respiration, leading to AMPK activation and TXNIP down-regulation, which in turn protects against beta-cell death.
Photometric survey of 55 near-earth asteroids
Authors: Hromakina T. , Birlan M. , Barucci M. A. , Fulchignoni M. , Colas F. , Fornasier S. , Merlin F. , Sonka A. , Petrescu E. , Perna D. , Dotto E. ,   the NEOROCKS Team
Published: September 2021

Context. Near-earth objects (NEOs), thanks to their proximity, provide a unique opportunity to investigate asteroids with diameters down to dozens of meters. The study of NEOs is also important because of their potential hazard to the Earth. The investigation of small NEOs is challenging from Earth as they are observable only for a short time following their discovery and can sometimes only be reached again years or decades later.

Aims. We aim to derive the visible colors of NEOs and perform an initial taxonomic classification with a main focus on smaller objects and recent discoveries.

Methods. Photometric observations were performed using the 1.2 m telescope at the Haute-Provence observatory and the 1.0 m telescope at the Pic du Midi observatory in broadband Johnson-Cousins and Sloan photometric systems.

Results. We present new photometric observations for 55 NEOs. Our taxonomic classification shows that almost half (43%) of the objects in our sample are classified as S+Q-complex members, 19% as X-complex, 16% as C-complex, 12% as D-types, and finally 6% and 4% as A- and V-types, respectively. The distribution of the observed objects with H > 19 and H ≤ 19 remains almost the same. However, the majority of the objects in our dataset with D < 500 m belong to the “silicate” group, which is probably a result of an observational bias towards brighter and more accessible objects. “Carbonaceous” objects are predominant among those with a Jovian Tisserand parameter of Tj < 3. These bodies could be dormant or extinct comets. The median values of the absolute magnitude for “carbonaceous” and “silicate” groups are H = 18.10 ± 0.95 and H = 19.50 ± 1.20, whereas the estimated median diameters are D = 1219 ± 729 m and D = 344 ± 226 m, respectively. “Silicate” objects have a much lower median Earth’s minimum orbit intersection distance (MOID) and a somewhat lower orbital inclination in comparison to “carbonaceous” objects. About half of the observed objects are potentially hazardous asteroids and are mostly (almost 65%) represented by “silicate” objects.
Exploring deep and hot adiabats as a potential solution to the radius inflation problem in brown dwarfs
Authors: Sainsbury-Martinez F. , Casewell S. L. , Lothringer J. D. , Phillips M. W. , Tremblin P.
Published: September 2021

Aims. The anomalously large radii of highly irradiated gaseous exoplanets has remained a mystery for some time. One mechanism that has been suggested as a solution for hot Jupiters is the heating of the deep atmosphere via the vertical advection of potential temperature, resulting in increased internal entropy. In this work, we intend to explore whether this mechanism can also explain the observed brown dwarf radii trend: a general increase in the observed radius with irradiation, with an exception, however, for highly irradiated brown dwarfs orbiting white dwarfs.

Methods. We used a 3D global circulation model (GCM) known as DYNAMICO to run a series of long-timescale models of the deep atmospheres of Kepler-13Ab, KELT-1b, and SDSS1411B. These models allowed us to explore not only whether a stable advective adiabat can develop in this context, but also to consider the associated dynamics.

Results. We find that our brown dwarf models fall into two distinct regimes. First, Kepler-13Ab and KELT-1b both show signs of significant deep heating and, hence, are able to maintain adiabats that are hotter than 1D models predict. On the other hand, SDSS1411B exhibits a much weaker downward heating profile that not only struggles to heat the interior under ideal conditions, but is highly sensitive to the presence of deep radiative dynamics.

Conclusions. We conclude that the vertical advection of potential temperature by large-scale atmospheric circulations constitutes a robust mechanism to explain the trend of increasing inflation with irradiation. This includes an exception for highly irradiated brown dwarfs orbiting white dwarfs, which can be understood as occurring due to the role that increasing rotational influence plays in the context of mid-to-high latitude advective dynamics. Furthermore, when paired with a suitable parametrisation of the outer atmosphere irradiation profile, this mechanism alone could potentially provide a complete explanation for the observed levels of radius inflation in our brown dwarf sample. Finally, in order to confirm the validity of this explanation, we suggest that this work should be followed by future studies of brown dwarfs atmospheres using next-generation, fully radiative GCMs.
The Tensor-Core Correlator
Authors: Romein John W.
Published: September 2021

Correlators are key components of radio telescopes as they combine the data from all receivers. They are characterized by high data rates, impressive compute loads, and the necessity to process data in real time. Often, these instruments use graphics processing units (GPUs) to correlate the incoming data streams as GPUs are fast, energy efficient, flexible, and programmable with a reasonable programming effort. Recent GPUs are equipped with a new technology, called “tensor cores”, to perform specific (typically artificial intelligence) workloads an order of magnitude more efficiently than regular GPU cores. This paper introduces the Tensor-Core Correlator, a GPU library that exploits this technology for signal processing and allows a GPU to correlate signals five to ten times faster and more energy efficiently than traditional state-of-the-art GPU correlators. The library hides the complexity of the use of tensor cores and can be easily integrated into the GPU pipelines of existing and future instruments, leading to a significant reduction in costs and energy consumption.
Based on the carbon footprint, how much waste does takeout produce compared with the traditional way
Authors: Zhang Guiling , Shi Kai
Published: September 2021

With the development of the Internet and the expansion of online to offline delivery services, takeaway food becomes a part of food consumption. This paper examined the difference between the dine-in and take-out food with a carbon footprint of food waste among 346 people in Jiangsu Province, China, by using the online questionnaire to figure out how much food they may waste in daily meals. Three aspects were researched in the questionnaire: food classification, the quantity of waste food, the waste of takeaway food packaging. The result showed that the waste caused by takeaway is one-third more than the waste caused by dine-in. People might waste more due to the sale promotion strategy of merchants and the discounts they offered. The result also showed that the diversity of food was relative to the waste of rice. The higher the variety was, the more rice people might waste. The environment is damaged by sophisticated packaging due to its difficulty to degrade.
Trends and progress in Microalgae-based wastewater treatment technologies: A review
Authors: Wan Yujia , Yan Ning , Zhao Jiaqi , Zhi Hegang , Wang Wenmin
Published: September 2021

A transformative change is underway in wastewater treatment as the world aims at meeting Sustainable Development Goal 6 in 2030, and the conventional wastewater treatment processes have high energy consumption and greenhouse emissions. Microalgae-based wastewater treatment process has emerged as an innovative technology that can reach the demand for lowering energy consumption, mitigating climate change, and recycling resources. This review provides an overview of the basic theories of microalgae-based wastewater treatment processes, microalgae species commonly used, impact factors of microalgae cultivation, the conventional and hybrid microalgae-based wastewater treatment systems. Moreover, suggestions are proposed for further research and development.
Fleets of commercial vehicles
Authors: Geng Fanshu , Li Yifan , Sun Zhanpeng , Tao Jiashu
Published: September 2021

Global warming has become a significant issue in the world today. Although several other gases contribute a more substantial proportion to global warming, carbon emissions are the hottest focus of global warming due to their large volume and prevalence in everyday life. The development of new energy vehicles has been given a significant boost to address and control the severe pollution problems associated with carbon emissions. In describing China’s 14th Five-Year Plan, the construction of an ecological civilization is proposed to be continuously improved. In particular, there are specific targets for the technological transformation of vehicles and the proportion of new energy vehicles and energy-efficient vehicles, which will contribute to a low-carbon development model and environmental protection. The purpose of this report is to compare the carbon emissions of three types of vehicles to estimate the effects of low-carbon technological transformation and promote technological progress in new energy vehicles while providing data to support the formulation of future relevant policies.
The Risk Mitigation Measures Implemented in China
Authors: Sun Peiyao , Meng Sichong , Zhou Yan
Published: September 2021

To present essential and pragmatic lessons for other countries which are still in pandemic and to prepare for future affections diseases, risk mitigation measures took by Chinese government during the COVID-19 pandemic period were assorted and included. Pertinent information was arranged in three parts, pre-pandemic, during-pandemic and after-pandemic. In the first period, stockpile building, public health workforce training and simulation training in China may account for the in-time mitigation. Although these resources could be insufficient in some severely afflicted areas, resources in other places were concentrated to relieve local stress and prevent further expansion of the disease, and the overall training was in an escalating trend. In the second period, advanced technology to detect the virus and timely risk communications in China were of great importance to go through the obstacle, although initial risk communications were not proper in Wuhan, the first outbreak place in China. In the third period, specific vaccine administration, quarantine policies and contact tracing method were timely and effective to depress the risk in China. Measures took in the spread period are of potential use for the infected countries to stop the disease in a shorter time. And the actions in the first two periods instruct all nations to build up a more solid public health network and to develop the assessment of pathogens in advance to prepare for future threats from some unknown or similar infectious diseases.
Impact and Potential Solutions toward Ocean Acidification
Authors: Cui Zhehao , Huang Siqi , Liu Jiarui , Zhu Junde
Published: September 2021

Ocean acidification is a new problem for humans that rose recently. It has been drawing attention from people. It is getting more serious and important with the continuous carbon emission to the atmosphere. The threatens from ocean acidification are affecting multiple characters, especially organisms like marine animals and marine plants. Researches show the change in the pH will affect the lifespan and the reproduction process of marine organisms. Besides the impact on organisms, ocean acidification is also likely to impact the global climate. For places located around the tropical area, ocean acidification will bring more frequent storms and hurricanes. Focused on the problem, we want to seek solutions. However, currently, there are no direct ways to address the problem of ocean acidification. Some hypotheses have been made, such as managing the seaweed and the precipitation method, but these approaches are immature and currently inapplicable. The most practical method to slow down ocean acidification is to make agreements and regulations to directly control carbon emission. Future agreements should increase the collaboration internationally and apply the most suitable measures locally. This research aims to provide background knowledge for future studies about the ocean.
Evaluation of MODIS-based Vegetation Restoration After the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
Authors: Jin Cheng , Yu Kai , Zhang Ke
Published: September 2021

Mountainous vegetation recovery after major earthquakes has been significant for preventing post-seismic soil erosion and geo-hazards. Magnitude 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake struck western Sichuan, China in 2008, caused salient number of geological hazards and caused major vegetation damage. This recovery process could be a very long and fluctuating. And Remote sensing has been an important method of vegetation restoration monitoring. This study aims to use remote sensing technology data to analyze the post-seismic vegetation damage and recovery situation of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake over years to 2020, and find the relevant factors affecting the restoration of ecological vegetation. This paper examined the vegetation recovery processes following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using 16-day interval MODIS normalized difference vegetation index time series from 2000 to 2020. It has been found that the vegetation recovery rate generally increased by years, the entire study area has recovered 49.89% by 2020. In addition, by combining remote sensing imagery and geographic information data, we also found that the heavily affected vegetation areas are mainly located along the southern part of the earthquake surface rupture, where have a very high slope which mainly over 60 degrees. It makes this part having higher probabilities to experiences secondary natural hazards and a fluctuating vegetation recovery rate. Through this research, it can be concluded that remote sensing is an effective method for monitoring vegetation dynamics in a long series. For soil and soil retention and ecological vegetation protection of landslides after the earthquake, it should be more concerned about the areas where have steep slope that over 60 degrees.
Measuring Quality Development of Innovation Ecosystem in Yellow River Basin
Authors: huang Kaidi
Published: September 2021

Promoting ecological environmental protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin is an important measure and an inevitable choice to achieve sustainable social development. Based on the data of 48 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin during 2003-2018, a high-quality development evaluation system was constructed to measure the high-quality development of the innovation ecosystem in the Yellow River Basin. The results of the study show that the Yellow River Basin ecosystem has a high quality development level, with a distribution pattern of “middlestream disadvantage, downstream advantage, and upstream stability”.
MDM2 inhibitors: Targeting p53-MDM2 interaction to anti-cancer
Authors: Zhang Xulin
Published: September 2021

P53 is a recognized tumor suppressor gene, which mainly depends on the activity of its transfer factor to realize the tumor suppressor effect. Mouse two-minute 2 (MDM2) is an important inhibitor of p53. When combined with MDM2, the activity of p53 will be reduced, and the anti-cancer effect will be weakened. According to the mechanism between p53 and MDM2, researchers focus on the inhibitors to inhibit their binding. Through a large number of drug screening methods and means, this article has found many new inhibitors of p53-MDM2 interaction, most of which are still in the clinical research stage. Specifically, we classify the drugs based on their different action mechanisms. Firstly, some drugs combine with MDM2 to inhibit the p53-MDM2 interaction. They are Siremadlin (NVP-HDM201), RG7112, and NVP-CGM09. While some act on p53, they rely on their induction of p53 signalling and inhibition of tumour cell proliferation in p53 wild-type tumor cell lines, like MK-8242 and KRT-232(AMG-232). What’s more, one inhibitor’s action bases on P53 and MDM2 in T cells is APG-115. And last but not least, there are also several drugs that stable tumor suppressor TP53, leading to p53 activation and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, they are Idasanutlin (RG7388) and Milademetan (DS-3032/RAIN-32). Furthermore, clinical studies are finding that monotherapy does not deliver a powerful therapeutic effect. Various combination strategies are being explored with MDM2 inhibitors preclinically and in the clinic. This article will talk about some specific combinations: APG-115 combine with immune checkpoint inhibitor PD-1/PD-L1, MDM2 inhibitors combine with BCL-2 inhibitors, anti-CD20 therapeutic antibodies, and the last, combine with alkylating agents.
A brief research progress of breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Chenxi
Published: September 2021

Breast cancer is distributed worldwide, and its number accounts for 23% of all cancer patients. This article will first start with the background of breast cancer, including its types and population. Then there are the pathogenic factors, signals, pathology, and cancer stages of the disease itself. Finally, the most important treatment in this article. With the rapid development of the modern medical system, the treatment options that people can choose have increased a lot, and the safety and success rate of surgery have also increased. There are even non-invasive cancer drug treatments. However, whether it is surgery or drug treatment, both have their advantages and disadvantages. Later in the article, these will be introduced to enable readers to understand various methods and make the best choice. The purpose of this article is also to review the current technology of breast cancer people so that they can have a better idea of the future development direction.
The aeolian desertification process and driving mechanism of Qinghai Lake basin from 2004 to 2019
Authors: Xu Haoran , Luo Zhewen , Chen Zhiyi
Published: September 2021

We calculated the area of seven ecosystems, used the NDVI index to analyze the temporal-change of vegetation-covered land in the Qinghai Lake basin from 2004 to 2019, and the principal component analysis to analyze the driving mechanism of desertification. The results showed that grasslands are the dominant ecosystem, and the desert ecosystem had an area of 32 km2, accounting for only 0.1% of the total area. The evolution of desertification was in the reversal stage. The vegetation cover increased from 54% in 2004 to 66% in 2019, showing a change process of mild destruction-slow restoration: 2004-2008, high degree vegetation-covered land dominated the declination of vegetation with the dynamic trend of -5.67%; 2009-2013, medium degree vegetation-covered land dominated the restoration of vegetation with the dynamic trend of 2.45%; 2014-2019, medium and high degree vegetation-covered land showed an increasing trend with the dynamic trend of 0.86% and 1.17% respectively. Natural and human factors, which were manifested as the domination of human activities and the exacerbation effect of natural factors, influenced desertification. The first principal component integrated both anthropogenic and natural factors accounted for 52.27% of the contribution rate, while the second principal component included only natural factors that accounted for 23.77%.
Basic convergence theory for the network element method
Authors: Coatléven Julien
Published: September 2021

A recent paper introduced the network element method (NEM) where the usual mesh was replaced by a discretization network. Using the associated network geometric coefficients and following the virtual element framework, a consistent and stable numerical scheme was proposed. The aim of the present paper is to derive a convergence theory for the NEM under mild assumptions on the exact problem. We also derive basic error estimates, which are sub-optimal in the sense that we have to assume more regularity than usual.
Threshold dynamics for a class of stochastic SIRS epidemic models with nonlinear incidence and Markovian switching
Authors: El Koufi A. , Bennar A. , Yousfi N. , Pitchaimani M.
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we consider a stochastic SIRS epidemic model with nonlinear incidence and Markovian switching. By using the stochastic calculus background, we establish that the stochastic threshold ℜswt can be used to determine the compartment dynamics of the stochastic system. Some examples and numerical simulations are presented to confirm the theoretical results established in this paper.
Artemisinin derivative-containing therapies and abnormal hemoglobin: Do we need to adapt the treatment?
Authors: Gbessi Eric A. , Toure Offianan A. , Gnondjui Albert , Koui Tossea S. , Coulibaly Baba , Ako Berenger A. , Tiacoh Nguessan L. , Assi Serge-Brice , Sanogo Ibrahima , Sokouri Didier-Paulin , Jambou Ronan
Published: September 2021

Background: Artemisinin-based treatment in malaria patients with abnormal hemoglobin may be ineffective because of their genetic particularity, which could lead to resistance. The main purpose of this study was to assess the effect of artemisinin derivatives on in vivo parasite clearance according to erythrocyte variants. In vivo response was investigated through retrospective data obtained over a 42-day artemether-lumefantrine/artesunate amodiaquine efficacy protocol conducted from 2012 to 2016. Results: A total of 770 patients in Côte d’Ivoire attending the hospitals of Anonkoua-koute (Abidjan), Petit Paris (Korhogo), Libreville (Man), Dar es salam (Bouaké), Ayamé and Yamoussoukro with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria were selected for successful hemoglobin typing. HbAS, HbSS, HbAC, and HbSC genotypes were found. Parasite clearance time was obtained for 414 patients. In the population with abnormal hemoglobin, parasite densities on admission and parasite clearance rates were significantly lower in the HbSC group compared to HbAA (p = 0.02 and p = 0.007, respectively). After PCR correction on day 42, the acute treatment rate was 100% for each group. Parasite half-life and time for initial parasitaemia to decline by 50 and 99% were longer for the HbSC group (p < 0.05). The study also investigated the prevalence of K13-propeller polymorphisms across different hemoglobin genotype groups. A total of 185 and 63 samples were sequenced in the HbAA group and patients with abnormal Hb, respectively. Only two nonsynonymous mutations D559N and V510M were found in the HbAA group. Conclusion: Although this study proved good efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate amodiaquine in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in patients with abnormal hemoglobin, the increased delay of parasite clearance may represent a threat to health in these patients in relation with sickle cell crisis, which could support selection of parasites resistant to artemisinin.
L’impact différentiel des dimensions de la littératie en santé sur l’adhésion au traitement des patients diabétiques
Authors: Leemans Charlotte , Van den Broucke Stephan , Philippe Marie-France
Published: September 2021

Des études de l’impact de la littératie en santé sur l’adhésion au traitement mesurent typiquement la littératie en santé de manière générale, sans faire de distinction entre les compétences spécifiques. Cette étude examinait l’impact des quatre dimensions de littératie en santé (comprendre, évaluer, accéder, appliquer) sur l’autogestion et le bien-être de patients diabétiques.Méthode :107 patients diabétiques consultant dans un hôpital belge remplient le HLS_EU_47, le DSMQ_16, et deux questions mesurant l’adhésion aux recommandations et la difficulté perçue de l’autogestion. Des régressions multiples testaient la contribution de la littératie en santé et de ses sous-dimensions sur l’autogestion, l’adhésion au traitement et la difficulté perçue, en plus des prédicteurs démographiques et médicaux (âge au moment du diagnostic, complications, comorbidités, formation à l’autogestion).Résultats :Outre la formation à l’autogestion et les complications, les 4 sous-dimensions de la littératie en santé expliquent significativement l’adhésion au traitement et l’autogestion. Parmi les sous-dimensions, l’évaluation des informations sur la santé contribue le plus à l’adhésion au traitement et l’autogestion.Conclusion :Parmi les sous-dimensions de la littératie en santé, l’évaluation des informations impacte le plus fort l’adhésion aux recommandations médicales et l’autogestion.