bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A BIM-based model checking in the green building maintenance: a review
Authors: Ismail Zul-Atfi Bin
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to identify the different system approach using building information modelling (BIM) technology that is equipped with automated evaluation processes. BIM research has mainly focused on theoretical models of acceptance in the green building (GB) maintenance industry. However, BIM has the potential to the competency’s performance and design knowledge of building control instrument. Realising this potential requires a study of BIM at the maintenance planning level, which is considered to be BIM-based model checking (BMC). BMC and its effect in the maintenance planning have not been sufficiently investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

The aim of this paper is to present a critical review of literature on the theoretical background of BMC practices and the main features of information and communication technology tools and techniques in the GB maintenance projects.

Findings

A theoretical framework of BMC is developed and presented. The proposed model incorporates requirement for maintaining a competency’s performance on maintenance planning schemes of GB projects and the importance of early integration of BMC in the design phase to identify alternative methods to cogenerate, monitor and optimise BMC.

Originality/value

It is found that variables facilitating BMC are integrated at different GB maintenance environments levels and are shaped by the context. Directions for future research are presented.
The rise of collaborative engagement platforms
Authors: Leipämaa-Leskinen Hanna , Närvänen Elina , Makkonen Hannu
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to define and analyse the emergence of collaborative engagement platforms (CEPs) as part of a rising platformisation phenomenon. Contrary to previous literature on engagement platforms (EPs), this study distinguishes between formalised and self-organised EPs and sheds light on collaborative EPs on which heterogeneous actors operate without central control by legislated firm actors.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on institutional work theory, this paper explores the institutional rules, norms and practices involved in the emergence of a new platform. This paper implements a longitudinal case study of a local food network called REKO and explores how engagement practices and institutional work patterns catalysed its emergence during 2013–2020.

Findings

The findings of this study show that actors engaged within the REKO platform participated in institutional work patterns of disruption, creation and maintenance, which drove the development of the platform and ensured its viability.

Research limitations/implications

This paper encourages future research to further explore how different types of EPs emerge and function.

Practical implications

The rise of CEPs pushes the dominant managerial orientation to progress from the management “of” a platform to managing “within” a platform. For managers, this means developing novel practices for engaging and committing a versatile set of actors to nurture open-ended, multi-sided collaboration.

Originality/value

This study contributes by conceptualising different types of platforms with a particular focus on CEPs and explicating the engagement practices and institutional work patterns that catalyse their emergence.
Investigating the role of risk perception in place-based responses: case studies of the 2003 Bam and 2017 Ezgeleh-Sarpol Zahab earthquakes
Authors: Asadi Saeedeh , Sharghi Ali , Mottaki Zoheir , Salehsedghpour Bahram
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to clarify changes in people-place interrelationship and hidden layers of survivors psychological challenges in the reconstructed housing environment, the 2003 Bam and 2017 Ezgeleh-Sarpol Zahab earthquakes occurred in Iran, because perception of earthquake risk in residential dwellings and traumatic experiences during and after its occurrence are among stressful events making communities face with various spectrum of emotional and cognitive consequences. Such events shape memory “traumascapes” and cause changes in mental schemas and as a result, altering decisions and behavioral responses in long-term familiar environments. Because, in the disaster-affected communities, psychological recovery will be greatly influenced by residential experiences.

Design/methodology/approach

The current research was performed with a qualitative and multicase study design, and data were collected using deep and semistructured private interviews and discussions in focus groups with participation of 33 people by narrative technique.

Findings

According to findings, people are facing enduring cognitive disruptions regarding home concept and its location as a safe and secure paradigm. Findings showed that there are a considerable amount of behavioral responses and emotional consequences in the form of protective behaviors, severe sensitivity to environmental stimuli, fears, phobias in residential dwellings and disturbances in place attachments.

Originality/value

It is noteworthy that despite all time and place differences, the two studied communities had significant similarities in earthquake traumatic experiences and perceptions and also resulting conscious and subconscious responses.
The likelihood of using crowdfunding-Waqf model in Malaysia
Authors: Hapsari Meri Indri , Mohd Thas Thaker Mohamed Asmy Bin , Mohammed Mustafa Omar , Duasa Jarita
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This paper investigates the probability that people (prospective donors) would be willing to use the crowdfunding-Waqf model (CWM), depending on certain variables and characteristics. This study aims to develop an alternative financial model to address Malaysia’s Waqf land financing problem.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey study was conducted to assess the probability that people would be willing to use the CWM. This study used descriptive analysis and the logistic regression model as analytical tools. Descriptive analysis was conducted using frequencies, which means the number of respondents for each variable or item, such as demographic variables. The logistic regression model was used to obtain the probability that individuals would be willing to use the CWM, based on certain variables.

Findings

This study found that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, gender and Waqf knowledge positively affected the likelihood that people would willingly use the CWM for developing Waqf land. In contrast, other factors such as age group, marital status, income level, internet usage, perceived risk of crowdfunding and Waqf perception did not affect this likelihood. Further investigation indicated that being of middle-income level and possessing crowdfunding knowledge positively affected the likelihood that people were willing to use the CWM. The highest probability of the willingness to use the CWM was identified among middle-income males who knew about Waqf and perceived the CWM as useful and easy to use.

Research limitations/implications

The results of this study and other key findings are expected to be implemented by Waqf institutions in Malaysia to develop policies related to Waqf land in general or to the CWM in particular. The findings are also expected to benefit individuals, organisations and countries, and they could also be adapted and validated in other nations.

Originality/value

This study focused on developing a better chance of finding people with specific characteristics and factors that lead them to intentionally use the CWM. The probability of willingness to use the CWM based on certain variables has not yet been evaluated. Recognising how higher probabilities can be identified using every factor and characteristic will enable future CWM users to be better mapped, which is expected to increase the effectiveness of developing the CWM.
Discriminatory abuse: time to revive a forgotten form of abuse?
Authors: Mason Karl , Biswas Sasidharan Anusree , Cooper Adi , Shorten Katy , Sutton Jeanette
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Discriminatory abuse has been a distinct category of abuse in safeguarding adults policy since 2000, but it is rarely used in practice, according to recent official statistics. As part of a larger project, the authors undertook a literature review to clarify the concept, explore reasons for low reporting and consider recommendations for practice. The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of this literature review.

Design/methodology/approach

This literature review comprises 35 sources, which were identified using three academic databases, reference harvesting and sector-specific websites. Findings were developed through thematic analysis of the data.

Findings

The literature review demonstrates that definitions of discriminatory abuse stretch from an interpersonal emphasis in policy documents to a more structural approach. There are open questions about the status of discriminatory abuse as a category of abuse due to the complicated interface between discriminatory motivations and the abusive acts through which they are experienced. A range of factors can obscure its identification, particularly the hidden, stigmatised and normalised nature of discriminatory abuse. Some recommendations for practice are identified, but more work is needed to develop the practice vocabulary and required skills.

Originality/value

This study brings together existing research on discriminatory abuse to argue that it is time to revive this understanding of abuse and develop safeguarding practice with adults who have protected characteristics.
Researching the Historical Representations of Andrew Jackson in Trade Books
Authors: Sakowicz Steven K.
Published: February 2022

State and national standards compel teachers to introduce historical topics through multiple diverse texts, emphasizing the use of informational texts. Trade books allow teachers to meet these standards while also meeting the needs of diverse students. Primary sources serve as an additional curricular resource filling the gaps in information not covered by textbooks and trade books and allowing students to gain a more complete and accurate understanding of historical figures and events. Standards leave the selection and implementation of appropriate trade books, primary sources, and other curricular resources to the classroom teacher. In this research, I qualify and quantify how President Andrew Jackson, a very controversial historical figure, is portrayed in trade books. Misrepresentations within trade books concerning Jackson are reported and analyzed. Suggestions and a rationale for trade book and primary source selection and implementation in elementary, middle, and secondary school are addressed.
Idea paper: Controlling trait adaptation to decrease population densities for conservation and management
Authors: Kasada Minoru , Yamamichi Masato
Published: February 2022

Ecologists and evolutionary biologists have revealed that adaptive microevolution (i.e., allele frequency changes through time) and behavioral changes occur rapidly enough to affect contemporary ecological dynamics, and we can consider rapid adaptation for better conservation and management of wild populations. However, previous studies tended to focus on adaptation that increases population densities (e.g., evolutionary rescue), and did not pay attention to adaptation that decreases population densities (e.g., evolutionary suicide). Here, we demonstrate that controlling trait adaptation may be potentially important for decreasing population densities. One possibility is introducing “selfish” genotypes to populations. If the genotypes increase their reproductive success at the expense of population growth (e.g., cheaters in subsocial ants or coercive males in damselflies), we can decrease population densities (intraspecific adaptation load). The other possible option is diverting trait values of animals from the value that maximizes population growth (ecological trap). For example, we may be able to change behavior of a deer population by hunting so that they will not approach the best habitat with ample resources (landscape of fear). Then, we can consider the optimal allocation of our effort to directly decrease their population densities and control their trait values. However, we should carefully conduct controlling trait adaptation because it may result in unintended outcomes through modified genetic compositions and behaviors, such as increasing genetic variation of the focal population that enhances adaptation to changing environments by introducing selfish genotypes or a transient increase of population densities by modified behaviors.
Going Deeper than ‘Emotional Impact’: Heritage, Academic Collaboration and Affective Engagements
Authors: Fielding Anna
Published: February 2022

Organisations such as the National Trust have recently looked to academia to assist them in the telling of their properties’ stories and contexts. Academia has similarly turned to heritage organisations and sites for audiences they can engage in their variously funded projects, and to fulfil the requirements of the REF (Research Excellence Framework) when it comes to research dissemination. However, the benefits of academic and heritage collaboration go much deeper than these initial mutual attractions. Collaboration can change the nature of audience engagement through affect theory and affective interpretation. This can cause a re‐envisioning of what emotional engagement with a historic site means and highlight the affective potential of heritage visits. This article shows, through case studies, arguments taken from the disciplines of history and heritage studies, and personal experience, how using affective interpretation can convey more complex research in longer‐lasting and more meaningful ways when academia and heritage work together.
Automated pneumothorax triaging in chest X‐rays in the New Zealand population using deep‐learning algorithms
Authors: Feng Sijing , Liu Qixiu , Patel Aakash , Bazai Sibghat Ullah , Jin Cheng‐Kai , Kim Ji Soo , Sarrafzadeh Mikal , Azzollini Damian , Yeoh Jason , Kim Eve , Gordon Simon , Jang‐Jaccard Julian , Urschler Martin , Barnard Stuart , Fong Amy , Simmers Cameron , Tarr Gregory P , Wilson Ben
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The primary aim was to develop convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based artificial intelligence (AI) models for pneumothorax classification and segmentation for automated chest X‐ray (CXR) triaging. A secondary aim was to perform interpretability analysis on the best‐performing candidate model to determine whether the model's predictions were susceptible to bias or confounding.

Method

A CANDID‐PTX dataset, that included 19,237 anonymized and manually labelled CXRs, was used for training and testing candidate models for pneumothorax classification and segmentation. Evaluation metrics for classification performance included Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC‐ROC), sensitivity and specificity, whilst segmentation performance was measured using mean Dice and true‐positive (TP)‐Dice coefficients. Interpretability analysis was performed using Grad‐CAM heatmaps. Finally, the best‐performing model was implemented for a triage simulation.

Results

The best‐performing model demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.93, specificity of 0.95 and AUC‐ROC of 0.94 in identifying the presence of pneumothorax. A TP‐Dice coefficient of 0.69 is given for segmentation performance. In triage simulation, mean reporting delay for pneumothorax‐containing CXRs is reduced from 9.8 ± 2 days to 1.0 ± 0.5 days (P‐value < 0.001 at 5% significance level), with sensitivity 0.95 and specificity of 0.95 given for the classification performance. Finally, interpretability analysis demonstrated models employed logic understandable to radiologists, with negligible bias or confounding in predictions.

Conclusion

AI models can automate pneumothorax detection with clinically acceptable accuracy, and potentially reduce reporting delays for urgent findings when implemented as triaging tools.
Financial controller turnover: An early warning sign of deteriorating financial reporting quality
Authors: Lu Junwei , Liu Yaoyao , Krishnan Sudha , Yu Xiaoou
Published: February 2022

This study examines the relation between financial controller turnover and public firms’ financial reporting quality. Exploiting a special institutional setting in China, where financial controllers along with CEOs and CFOs are required to attest to the accuracy and completeness of firms’ annual reports, we find that: (a) financial controller turnover is negatively associated with financial reporting quality, (b) the negative relation between financial controller turnover and financial reporting quality is more pronounced in non‐state‐owned enterprises, in firms with weaker corporate governance, and in areas with higher regulatory enforcement intensity, and (c) financial controller turnover is not related to real earnings management. Further analyses show that financial controller turnover is associated with the incidence of subsequent financial report restatements and enforcement actions by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC). Financial controller turnover also precedes top executive turnover and can be viewed as an early warning sign of deteriorating financial reporting quality. Such information content is incremental to that of top executive turnover. Our analyses also show that firms with financial controller turnover have higher initial stock returns but underperform their counterparts in the long run.
Forced displacement in history: Some recent research
Authors: Becker Sascha O.
Published: February 2022

Forced displacement as a consequence of wars, civil conflicts, or natural disasters does not only have contemporaneous consequences but also long‐run repercussions. This eclectic overview summarises some recent research on forced displacement in economic history. While many of the episodes covered refer to Europe, this survey points to literature across all continents. It highlights new developments, and points to gaps in the literature.
Parameters of long‐term response with CD28‐based CD19 chimaeric antigen receptor‐modified T cells in children and young adults with B‐acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Jacoby Elad , Bielorai Bella , Hutt Daphna , Itzhaki Orit , Adam Etai , Bar Diana , Besser Michal J. , Toren Amos
Published: February 2022

CD28‐based CD19 chimaeric antigen receptor‐modified (CAR‐)Tcells were recently FDA‐approved for adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). We report long‐term outcome of 37 children and young adults treated with autologous CD19 CAR‐T cells. The complete remission rate was 86%, of which 71% were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) minimal residual disease (MRD)‐negative, 14% were MRD‐negative by flow cytometry, and 14% were PCR MRD‐positive. 26 patients proceeded to subsequent haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). 11 patients had a CD19‐postive relapse (eight post HSCT and three without) and one had a CD19‐negative relapse. All relapse events occurred within two years from cell therapy. With a median follow‐up of three years, the median event‐free survival (EFS) is 17 months and the median overall survival (OS) is not reached. The three‐year EFS is 41% and OS is 56%. Patients with >5% blasts in the bone marrow prior to lymphodepletion had an inferior EFS. All patients with a PCR MRD‐positive result at day 28 had relapsed after CAR‐T‐cell therapy. A prior HSCT did not significantly affect outcome, but a consolidative transplant after achieving remission improved long‐term results. Overall, prelymphodepletion disease burden and molecular MRD negativity following CAR‐T cells are predictors of long‐term outcome following CD19 CAR‐T‐cell therapy for ALL.
Changing geographies of aging on a global scale: The knowledge to action gap
Authors: Elliott Susan J.
Published: February 2022

Health geographers have empathy for health inequities as evidenced in their corpus of work. In undertaking this work, we have borrowed theories from (related) disciplines, applied sophisticated spatial analytic quantitative tools, innovative qualitative approaches, kept up with cutting edge research in the areas of immunology and social epigenetics, and made substantial contributions to knowledge. The focus of this piece is the two (in my view) visible gaps remaining: the knowledge to action gap, and the limited (that is, less than global) gaze. These gaps are illustrated through an example from our research on aging in Uganda.
‘Keeping the informal safe’: Strategies for developing peer support initiatives for young people who have experienced sexual violence
Authors: Cody Claire , Bovarnick Silvie , Peace Delphine , Warrington Camille
Published: February 2022

There is increasing recognition of the value of trauma‐informed approaches when working with young people affected by sexual violence. Peer support is a key principle of a trauma‐informed approach; however, there are limited examples of peer support programmes for this group. This paper draws on interviews with 25 respondents with knowledge and experience of peer support initiatives with young people impacted by sexual violence. The article outlines their perspectives on how peer support initiatives – that may be viewed as more ‘risky’ than traditional casework – can be kept ‘safe’. Six strategies are identified together with implications for practice.
Decision‐making challenges: Group dynamics and boundary spanning in the CyberStrike game
Authors: Gibbons Deborah E. , Freeman Michael
Published: February 2022

Multirole online games offer advantages for learning in business schools, as students process information and coordinate with others while pursuing measurable goals. Gaming environments can be complex, and the choices and timing of players’ actions may have long‐term effects on the state of the game. Team members practice communication skills as they exchange information and coordinate actions, and games provide objective feedback about their performance. Despite these advantages, integration of multiplayer online games into business courses can present technical and instructional challenges. This article introduces an online game, CyberStrike, in which student teams play roles of state or nonstate actors attempting to protect their own information systems while selectively attacking competitors’ information systems. The game can be useful in organizational behavior courses because it engages students in decision‐making processes and inter‐group dynamics that highlight relevant principles in action. As student teams try to foster cooperation within a competitive environment, consequences of their decision‐making, strategy development, and boundary‐spanning activities become apparent. Guidelines for teaching with CyberStrike are provided, along with suggestions for incorporating multirole online games into business school classes.
Cognitive economics and the Market Mind Hypothesis: Exploring the final frontier of economics
Authors: Schotanus Patrick
Published: February 2022

Cognitive economics partners cognitive science and economics: cognitive science teaches economics about mentality (present in markets), whereas economics teaches cognitive science about market forces (present in minds). The shared Market Mind principle is intelligent (sometimes conscious) self‐organisation. Specifically, the Market Mind Hypothesis formalises what investors casually refer to as ‘the market's mind’. Prices are its informational signatures while market mood is its phenomenal experience.
VIRTUAL HISTORIOGRAPHY: OPENING HISTORY TOWARD THE FUTURE
Authors: HÖLSCHER LUCIAN
Published: February 2022

This article deals with the conceptual tools of a virtual historiography. This is what I call a historiography that goes beyond factual events to consider the possible alternative interpretations of the course of history without entering the field of counterfactual history. In contrast to counterfactual history, which asks what else could have happened, virtual historiography asks how the past would be seen if it had led to another future. For such a historiographical project, the article offers a set of conceptual tools that allow possible alternative courses of events in the past and present to be brought to the attention of contemporary historians: the concept of time figures for presenting a typology of the temporal directions of historical change (part 1); the concept of the future as a generator of time figures (part 2); the concepts of past futures for developments alternative to the factual course of history and of future pasts for visions of the present state of affairs seen from a future point of view (part 3). In part 4, I outline the significance of these concepts for a virtual historiography, and in part 5, I draw conclusions for the political use and the scale of time implicit in such a design of history.
Douchi ameliorates high‐fat diet‐induced hyperlipidaemia by regulation of intestinal microflora in rats
Authors: An Miaoqing , Xu Ya‐nan , Xiao Nan , Huang Jian‐zhao , Wu Shan‐shan , Zhuo Qianting , Lai Yuping , Chen JianPing , Li Pan , Du Bing
Published: February 2022

Douchi are good food for obesity prevention, but limited information is known about the potential relationship between hyperlipidaemic effect and intestinal microbiological regulation of Douci. To explore the hyperlipidaemic effect of Douchi fermented by Rhizopus chinensis 12 on hyperlipidaemia rats and the correlation between intestinal flora and hyperlipidaemic effect. The intervention with Douchi significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the levels of total cholesterol, total triglyceride and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, increased the level of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and improved liver damage and fat cell hypertrophy caused by high‐fat diet. Douchi also increased the anti‐ atherosclerosis index and reduced the levels of human oxidized low‐density lipoprotein, tumour necrosis factor‐α, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1, C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐1β. Furthermore, Douchi regulated the expression of key proteins and significantly (P < 0.05) reversed the decrease in the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota caused by high‐fat feeding. The correlation analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Romboutsia was positively correlated with four lipids and inflammatory factors, while that of Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, unidentified_Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia, Alcaligenes and unidentified_Clostridiales was negatively correlated. Douchi modulated the activate lipid metabolism and reduced the level of serum inflammatory factors by regulating the balance of the gut microbiota to achieve the anti‐hyperlipidaemic effect.
Genetic parameters estimation and genome‐wide association studies for internal organ traits in an F2 chicken population
Authors: Li Yudong , Liu Xin , Bai Xue , Wang Yuxiang , Leng Li , Zhang Hui , Li Yumao , Cao Zhiping , Luan Peng , Xiao Fan , Gao Haihe , Sun Yuhang , Wang Ning , Li Hui , Wang Shouzhi
Published: February 2022

Chicken internal organs are indispensable parts of the body, but their genetic architectures have not been commonly understood. Herein, we estimated the genetic parameters for heart weight (HW), liver weight (LW), spleen weight (SpW), testis weight (TW), glandular stomach weight (GSW), muscular stomach weight (MSW) and identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and potential candidate genes associated with internal organ weights in an F2 population constructed by crossing broiler cocks derived from Arbor Acres with high abdominal fat content and Baier layer dams (a Chinese native breed). The restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method was applied for genetic parameters estimation of internal organ weights using GCTA software. The results showed that heritabilities of internal organ traits ranged from 0.336 to 0.673 and most of the genetic and phenotypic correlations amongst internal organs weights were positive. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was performed based on a mixed linear model (MLM) in GEMMA software. Genotypic data were produced from the whole genome re‐sequenced (26 F0 individuals were re‐sequenced at 10 × coverage; 519 F2 individuals were re‐sequenced at 3 × coverage). A total of 7,890,258 SNPs remained to be analysed after quality control and genotype imputation. The GWAS results indicated that significant SNPs responsible for internal organ traits were scattered on the different chicken chromosomes 1–5, 8, 11, 14, 16, 18, 19 and 27. Amongst the annotated genes, fibronectin type III domain containing 3A (FNDC3A), LOC101748122, membrane palmitoylated protein 6 (MPP6), LOC107049584 and KAT8 regulatory NSL complex subunit 1 (KANSL1) were the most promising candidates for internal organ traits. The findings will provide instrumental information for understanding the genetic basis of internal organ development.
The needs of families who care for individuals with kidney failure on comprehensive conservative care: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Ania‐González N. , Martín‐Martín J. , Amezqueta‐Goñi P. , Vázquez‐Calatayud M.
Published: February 2022

Background

Integrating the family of patients with kidney failure on comprehensive conservative care could benefit patients, families, and the health care system. However, there is a knowledge gap in this phenomenon since no systematic review has focused on the families' needs who care for individuals with kidney failure on comprehensive conservative care.

Objectives

To understand the primary needs of families who care for people with kidney failure on comprehensive conservative care.

Method

A systematic literature review of qualitative studies, followed by a content analysis was carried out. PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases were used to search for articles published in English and Spanish between 2010 and 2021. The ENTREQ guideline was used for reporting.

Results

Five relevant studies were included in this study. The analysis has allowed identifying key aspects of knowledge, psychological, social and spiritual needs of family members of patients with kidney failure on comprehensive conservative care.

Conclusions

This systematic review has revealed that families experience a lack of information and continuity of care by health care professionals. Added to this is the psychological burden they bear due to the feeling of indefinite care in time and uncertainty about the death of their loved one. All this, without the necessary support from their immediate family environment and social institutions. In light of these data, a paradigm shift in society and the health care received by these families is essential.
Exploring patients' experiences of the impact of dialysis therapies on quality of life and wellbeing
Authors: Antoun Joe , Brown Daniel J. , Jones Daniel J. W. , Clarkson Beth G. , Shepherd Anthony I. , Sangala Nicholas C. , Lewis Robert J. , McNarry Melitta A. , Mackintosh Kelly A. , Mason Laura , Corbett Jo , Saynor Zoe L.
Published: February 2022

Background

When people with chronic kidney disease reach kidney failure, renal replacement therapy is usually required to improve symptoms and maintain life. Although in‐centre haemodialysis is most commonly used for this purpose, other forms of dialysis are available, including home haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

Objectives

We aimed to explore the experiences of adults living with chronic kidney disease who were either approaching the need for dialysis or had reached kidney failure and were receiving a form of dialysis. In particular, we explored how different forms of dialysis affect their quality of life, wellbeing, and physical activity.

Methods

Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with 40 adults with kidney failure, comprising four groups (n = 10 each): those receiving in‐centre haemodialysis, home haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, or predialysis. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, thematically analysed, and then composite vignettes were subsequently developed to present a rich narrative of the collective experiences of each group.

Findings

Compared with adults who were predialysis, quality of life and wellbeing improved upon initiation of their home haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Conversely, minimal improvement was perceived by those receiving in‐centre haemodialysis. Low physical activity was reported across all four groups, although those receiving home haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis reported a greater desire and ability to be physically active than those in‐centre.

Conclusion

These findings highlight that dialysis modalities not requiring regular hospital attendance (i.e., home haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis) improve independence, quality of life, wellbeing, and can facilitate a more physically active lifestyle.
Measuring US regional economic uncertainty
Authors: Pan Wei‐Fong , Reade James , Wang Shixuan
Published: February 2022

This study constructs a set of regional economic uncertainty (EU) indices for the United States based on Internet search volumes. These indices shed light on EU at the regional and local levels along with national EU. Although aggregate state‐level EU is highly synchronized, idiosyncratic state EU nonetheless exhibits large variations. Similar to aggregate state‐level EU, idiosyncratic state EU is generally countercyclical. There is also a spillover effect among EU in US regions. Lastly, we show that idiosyncratic state EU foreshadows declines in local employment and output.
Pharmacokinetics and residue elimination of norfloxacin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Wang Zhuoqun , Yang Yan , Mu Yingchun , Liu Bo , Zhang Pei , Zhang Xin , Sun Huiwu , Song Yi , Cheng Bo
Published: February 2022

We studied the metabolism and elimination of norfloxacin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following a single oral administration of 50 mg/kg at 15 ± 2°C. Norfloxacin was measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry in plasma, muscle, liver, kidney, skin and remainder tissues, and the concentrationtime curve was characterized by a double peak. The drug was absorbed rapidly; the first peak appeared within 4 h, and the second peak appeared within 24 h in all substrates tested. The maximal concentrations in plasma, muscle, liver and kidney were 0.468 mg/L, 14.146 mg/kg, 6.445 mg/kg and 0.977 mg/kg, respectively. The distribution half‐life was 5.814, 9.026, 17.027 and 1.004 h, respectively. The elimination half‐life was 41.205, 41.667, 44.896 and 54.908 h, respectively. Using the kidney as the reference tissue for norfloxacin monitoring in aquaculture and 2 μg/kg as a maximum residue limit standard, it takes 555 temperature‐day (°C days) for norfloxacin to be completely eliminated from rainbow trout.
Exploring New Insights Into Explicit and Implicit Second Language Processing: Event‐Related Potentials Analyzed by Source Attribution
Authors: Morgan‐Short Kara , Finestrat Irene , Luque Alicia , Abugaber David
Published: February 2022

In this exploratory study, we considered the method of combining event‐related potentials (ERPs) and source attributions as a means for examining the explicit or implicit nature of second language (L2) knowledge and processing. We recorded electroencephalograms while L2 Spanish participants judged phrase structure and subject‐verb agreement sentences and provided source attributions—guess, intuition, memory, rule. The participants evidenced above chance performance and anterior P600 effects to the stimuli overall. We examined whether ERPs differed by explicit (memory, rule) or implicit (guess, intuition) source attributions. Mixed‐effects models indicated more positive ERPs when the participants indicated explicit source attributions. Thus, the anterior P600 evidenced in our study seemed to reflect subjectively reported explicit knowledge. Future research will be necessary to reproduce this finding, to understand ERP effects that may be associated with implicit knowledge, and to further explore how ERPs may be triangulated with other types of data to better understand the nature of L2.
Temporal dynamics of auditory bistable perception correlated with fluctuation of baseline pupil size
Authors: Suzuki Yuta , Liao Hsin‐I , Furukawa Shigeto
Published: February 2022

A dynamic neural network change, accompanied by cognitive shifts such as internal perceptual alternation in bistable stimuli, is reconciled by the discharge of noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons. Transient pupil dilation as a consequence of the reconciliation with the neural network in bistable perception has been reported to precede the reported perceptual alternation. Here, we found that baseline pupil size, an index of temporal fluctuation of arousal level over a longer range of timescales than that for the transient pupil changes, relates to the frequency of perceptual alternation in auditory bistability. Baseline pupil size was defined as the mean pupil diameter over a period of 1 s prior to the task requirement (i.e., before the observation period for counting the perceptual alternations in Experiment 1 and reporting whether participants experienced the perceptual alternations in Experiment 2). The results showed that the baseline pupil size monotonically increased with an increasing number of perceptual alternations and its occurrence probability. Furthermore, a cross‐correlation analysis indicates that baseline pupil size predicted perceptual alternation at least 35 s before the behavioral response and that the overall correspondence between pupil size and perceptual alternation was maintained over a sustained time window of 45 s at minimum. The overall results suggest that variability of baseline pupil size reflects the stochastic dynamics of arousal fluctuation in the brain related to bistable perception.
Predictors of mortality in subjects with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Brown Kevin K. , Inoue Yoshikazu , Flaherty Kevin R. , Martinez Fernando J. , Cottin Vincent , Bonella Francesco , Cerri Stefania , Danoff Sonye K. , Jouneau Stephane , Goeldner Rainer‐Georg , Schmidt Martin , Stowasser Susanne , Schlenker‐Herceg Rozsa , Wells Athol U.
Published: February 2022

Background and objective

Demographic and clinical variables, measured at baseline or over time, have been associated with mortality in subjects with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). We used data from the INPULSIS trials in subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and the INBUILD trial in subjects with other progressive fibrosing ILDs to assess relationships between demographic/clinical variables and mortality.

Methods

The relationships between baseline variables and time‐varying covariates and time to death over 52 weeks were analysed using pooled data from the INPULSIS trials and, separately, the INBUILD trial using a Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

Over 52 weeks, 68/1061 (6.4%) and 33/663 (5.0%) subjects died in the INPULSIS and INBUILD trials, respectively. In the INPULSIS trials, a relative decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) >10% predicted within 12 months (hazard ratio [HR] 3.77) and age (HR 1.03 per 1‐year increase) were associated with increased risk of mortality, while baseline FVC % predicted (HR 0.97 per 1‐unit increase) and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) % predicted (HR 0.77 per 1‐unit increase) were associated with lower risk. In the INBUILD trial, a relative decline in FVC >10% predicted within 12 months (HR 2.60) and a usual interstitial pneumonia‐like fibrotic pattern on HRCT (HR 2.98) were associated with increased risk of mortality, while baseline DLCO % predicted (HR 0.95 per 1‐unit increase) was associated with lower risk.

Conclusion

These data support similarity in the course of lung injury between IPF and other progressive fibrosing ILDs and the value of FVC decline as a predictor of mortality.
African Ethics, Respect for Persons, and Moral Dissent
Authors: Jecker Nancy S.
Published: February 2022

This paper examines the ethic of respect for dignity within African relational ethics. Following an introduction to African relational ethics (in Section 1), Section 2 introduces two ways of respecting dignity associated with two strands of African communitarianism: strong and moderate. Section 3 tests each version by considering a challenge case involving an oppressive social structure, the Osu caste system in Igboland (Southeastern Nigeria). It argues that both strong and moderate communitarianism are compatible with respecting the dignity of moral dissenters who oppose the Osu caste system. The result is somewhat surprising: while it is generally held that moderate communitarianism is compatible with respecting dignity, it is often thought that strong communitarianism is not. The final section (Section 4) considers and replies to objections. It concludes that an African relational framework lends strong support to respecting dignity in the case of moral dissent.
A Nominalist Alternative to Reference by Abstraction
Authors: Pearce Gareth Rhys
Published: February 2022

In his recent book Thin Objects, Øystein Linnebo (2018) argues for the existence of a hierarchy of abstract objects, sufficient to model ZFC, via a novel and highly interesting argument that relies on a process called dynamic abstraction. This paper presents a way for a nominalist, someone opposed to the existence of abstract objects, to avoid Linnebo's conclusion by rejecting his claim that certain abstraction principles are sufficient for reference (RBA). Section 1 of the paper explains Linnebo's argument for RBA. It offers a reading of Linnebo's work upon which he has two arguments for RBA: one deductive and one abductive, and argues that whilst the deductive argument is unsound the abductive one is prima facie plausible. The nominalist must therefore find a way to respond to the abductive argument. Section 2 outlines just such a response, by offering an alternative explanation of the cases Linnebo wishes to argue from. Most interestingly, it shows that abstraction in Linnebo's most difficult case (the “reference to ordinary bodies” case) can be achieved using mereological means, rather than relying on RBA.
Anatomy of the nasolacrimal duct in Persian cats determined by computed tomographic dacryocystography
Authors: Fonseca Rogério Lopes da , Santana Marcelo Ismar Silva , Lobo‐Jr Adalfredo Rocha , Martins Bianca da Costa , Galera Paula D.
Published: February 2022

Objective

This study sought to describe the anatomical characteristics of the nasolacrimal duct of Persian cats as observed by computed tomographic dacryocystography.

Animal studied

Ten cats weighing 3–6 kg (three live cats and seven cadaveric specimens).

Procedures

The animals were submitted to bilateral computed tomographic dacryocystography, totaling 20 nasolacrimal ducts. Dorsal, sagittal, and transverse planes were studied. Two additional skulls were also dissected following latex injection into the nasolacrimal duct. The length and width of the nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal canaliculi, and the distance between the nasolacrimal duct and the root of the upper canine tooth at the point of closest proximity were measured.

Results

The nasolacrimal duct followed a convoluted course, particularly in the middle and rostral portions. Duct stenosis (width reduction equal to or >75%) and dilations (width increase equal to or >50%) were also detected, particularly in the rostral portion. Nasolacrimal duct length and width ranged from 1.3 to 1.5 cm and 1.5 to 2.3 mm, respectively. Mean lacrimal canaliculus length and width corresponded to 3.1 mm and 0.4 mm, respectively. Mean distance from the nasolacrimal duct to the canine tooth was 2.4 mm. The root of this tooth interfered with the course of the nasolacrimal duct.

Conclusion

This study provided anatomical information for clinical assessment of the nasolacrimal drainage system in Persian cats.
Deep level defect states in β-, α-, and ɛ-Ga2O3 crystals and films: Impact on device performance
Authors: Polyakov Alexander Y. , Nikolaev Vladimir I. , Yakimov Eugene B. , Ren Fan , Pearton Stephen J. , Kim Jihyun
Published: February 2022

A review is given of reported trap states in the bandgaps of different polymorphs of the emerging ultrawide bandgap semiconductor Ga2O3. The commonly observed defect levels span the entire bandgap range in the three stable (β) or meta-stable polymorphs (α and ɛ) and are assigned either to impurities such as Fe or to native defects and their complexes. In the latter case, the defects can occur during crystal growth or by exposure to radiation. Such crystalline defects can adversely affect material properties critical to device operation of transistors and photodetectors, including gain, optical output, threshold voltage by reducing carrier mobility, and effective carrier concentration. The trapping effects lead to degraded device operating speed and are characterized by long recovery transients. There is still significant work to be done to correlate experimental results based on deep level transient spectroscopy and related optical spectroscopy techniques to density functional theory and the dominant impurities present in the various synthesis methods to understand the microscopic nature of defects in Ga2O3.
A Two-Tiered Strategy to Help Students Assess Their Answers to Physics Problems
Authors: Marx Jeffrey
Published: February 2022

For years there has been an acknowledged interest in having students assess the rationality of their solutions to physics problems. In fact, many textbooks now routinely include end-of-problem assessments as part of the authors’ detailed solutions to examples. Over the past two decades, I have experimented with various forms of end-of-problem assessment strategies for my students in introductory, college-level physics classes. In this note, I will share my observations and recommendations for how this aspect of students’ solutions can be productive and valuable for them, while providing insights into the students’ understanding for the instructor.
A Skateboarding Experiential Learning Activity for Introductory Physics
Authors: Zeng Liang , Zeng Guang , Guerrero Oscar , Garcia George
Published: February 2022

Instructors of introductory college physics courses are in a unique position to explain the physics of skateboarding and its associated risks. A field trip to a skate park to explore the law of conservation of energy and measure the impact forces can enhance student analytical thinking skills and their appreciation of physics in everyday life. Through the measurement of the impact forces and student discussions of their own skateboarding experiences, students are better prepared to protect themselves from skateboarding-related physical injuries.
Demonstrating birefringence using a smartphone camera
Authors: Puttharugsa Chokchai , Bintachitt Patamas , Wicharn Surawut , Plaipichit Suwan
Published: February 2022

Birefringent materials, such as calcite and quartz, are so named because they have two refractive indices. In this article we demonstrate how the optical properties of birefringent materials may be observed and photographed.
Jumping Off a Merry-Go-Round
Authors: Toepker Terrence
Published: February 2022

How many vertical jumps does it take to jump off of a rotating merry-go-round (MGR)? The answer is hidden in the expression: rn = r0 (1 + β2)n/2. When you make a vertical jump on a train moving on a straight line at constant speed (inertial frame), you land on the same spot. Not so on a MGR!
Comment on “Tilting Motion and the Moment of Inertia of the Smartphone”
Authors: Hinrichsen Peter F.
Published: February 2022

The measurement of the moment of inertia of a smartphone using the internal MEMS gyro to record its angular velocity as it topples over from rest in a vertical position ϑ (0) ≈ 0 to a horizontal landing has been described by Kaps and Stallmach (see Fig. 1). The analysis of this experiment is presented in terms of the conservation of energy, with the implicit assumptions that the edge of the smartphone does not slip