bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetoresponsive biocomposite hydrogels comprising gelatin and valine based magnetic ionic liquid surfactant as controlled release nanocarrier for drug delivery
Authors: Kulshrestha Akshay , Sharma Sanjay , Singh Kuldeep , Kumar Arvind
Published: November 2021

A strategic nanoparticle-free approach towards construction of magnetoresponsive biocomposite hydrogels is presented.
External complexation of BODIPYs by CB[7] improves in-cell fluorescence imaging
Authors: Ayhan Mehmet Menaf , Özcan Emrah , Alkan Fahri , Çetin Metin , Ün İlker , Bardelang David , Çoşut Bünyemin
Published: November 2021

The nonradiative decay processes of BODIPYs can be considerably prevented by complexation with CB[7] to making utmost absorbed excitation energy used for high emission which plays a crucial role in fluorescence labelling and optoelectronic devices.
Effect of different molecular coatings on the heating properties of maghemite nanoparticles
Authors: Sanna Angotzi Marco , Mameli Valentina , Khanal Shankar , Veverka Miroslav , Vejpravova Jana , Cannas Carla
Published: November 2021

The heating abilities of maghemite NPs as a function of molecular coating by varying the frequency and amplitude of the applied magnetic field.
Complex nanoemulsion for vitamin delivery: droplet organization and interaction with skin membranes
Authors: Machado Neila , Bruininks Bart M. H. , Singh Priyanka , dos Santos Laurita , Dal Pizzol Carine , Dieamant Gustavo de C. , Kruger Odivania , Martin Airton A. , Marrink Siewert J. , Souza Paulo C. T. , Favero Priscila P.
Published: November 2021

The first view on the onion-like organization of a complex nanoemulsion droplet with 15 components and its interaction with skin membranes.
Exploring the mechanical properties of nanometer-thick elastic films through micro-drop impinging on large-area suspended graphene
Authors: Liao Yu-Tzu , Peng Shiuan-Ying , Chuang Kai-Wen , Liao Ying-Chih , Kuramitsu Yasuhiro , Woon Wei-Yen
Published: November 2021

Effective Young's modulus on the thickness of suspended graphene was measured through a drop impingement method akin to the inkjet printer setup.
Quantifying the photocatalytic role and activity at the edge and surface of Pd co-catalysts using N2 fixation as a case
Authors: Wu Shijie , Zhang Jiafei , Chen Wenbin , Xing Pingxing , Liu Xingchen , Teng Botao , Zhao Leihong , Bai Song
Published: November 2021

A protocol to quantitatively determine the atom-specific catalytic activities of the edge and surface atoms on metal co-catalysts toward photocatalytic N2 fixation was presented, and the higher catalytic activity of the edge atoms was proved.
Plasmolysis-inspired yolk–shell hydrogel-core@void@MXene-shell microspheres with strong electromagnetic interference shielding performance
Authors: Li Chenxi , Ni Xingxing , Lei Yang , Li Shangyang , Jin Lei , You Bo
Published: November 2021

A high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding film contains PNIPAM@void@PS@Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite microspheres, whose maximum EMI SE value of the film reaches 72 dB at 9.5 GHz with a thickness of 25 μm.
An overview of the materials and methodologies for CO2 capture under humid conditions
Authors: Ray Bitan , Churipard Sathyapal R. , Peter Sebastian C.
Published: November 2021

This review presents recent trends, advances, and innovations in the field of CO2 capture from humid streams. The critical challenges in the field and potential solutions to overcome these issues are discussed in detail.
Static and Seismic Performance of Buried Pipelines: A review
Authors: Yousife Dhuha F. , Aldefae Asad H. , Zubaidi Salah L. , Humaish Wissam H. , Sinichenko Evgeny K.
Published: November 2021

Today, buried pipes can be considered one of the main substantial infrastructures which has significant role with human life. Such projects serve purposes, including, drain lines, water mains, sewage lines, telephone and electrical conduits, highway and railway culverts, gas and liquid-petroleum lines, coal slurry lines, subway tunnels and various other special functions. This paper focuses on reviewing, describing and understanding the static and dynamic behavior of underground pipes during earthquake events and at rest condition involving seismic vulnerability causes, failure modes of pipelines and loads subjected on pipes. A quick glance on the assisting factors that reduce the pipes breakage due to earthquakes is presented. Also, this paper reviews some previous studies about performance of underground pipes under seismic loads. It was concluded that the soil density has a significant impact on the displacements corresponding to the maximum force. For shallow pipes to obtain the minimum lateral displacement value, it is recommended to use soil density medium to dense state. It was observed also there is a relationship between the spacing of pipes and its displacement so; to obtain the minimum displacement the spacing between the pipes must be at least equal to the pipe diameter.
Analysis of the plasma transport in numerical simulations of helicon plasma thrusters
Authors: Souhair N. , Magarotto M. , Ponti F. , Pavarin D.
Published: November 2021

The accurate simulation of the plasma transport in helicon sources is a key aspect to improve the design of Helicon Plasma Thrusters (HPTs). Specifically, the 3D-VIRTUS code was proven to provide satisfactory estimations of the propulsive performance of realistic HPTs (difference between measures and numerical estimations of the thrust <30%). Nonetheless, further investigations are needed to deepen the influence that the plasma chemistry model, the formulation of the energy equation, and the definition of the diffusion coefficients have on the results of the simulation. First, a quantitative analysis has been conducted on a simplified configuration of HPT to study each phenomenon separately. Second, the generalized fluid model has been benchmarked against measures of plasma density performed on a helicon source. The radiative decay reactions affect the estimation of the performance (e.g., thrust) up to 40%. The quasi-isotherm formulation of the energy equation affects results (e.g., electron density) up to 30%. Accounting for anomalous transport or defining diffusion coefficients classically does not have a major effect on the simulation (e.g., thrust varies less than 20%). The generalized formulation of the fluid model provides estimations of the plasma density, which are within the uncertainty band of the measures (i.e., differences <20%).
Changing social inequality from first farmers to early states in Southeast Asia
Authors: Fochesato Mattia , Higham Charles , Bogaard Amy , Castillo Cristina Cobo
Published: November 2021

Significance

This is an exploration of social change, measured by means of the Gini coefficient, that has been applied to a 2,500-y cultural sequence in Southeast Asia. The results indicate pulses of elevated social inequality from different stimuli, some transient but the last, due to an agricultural revolution consequent to climate change, enduring.
Digitalization of the breeding process of clonal apple rootstocks
Authors: Verzilin A V , Fedulova Yu A , Pimkin M Yu
Published: November 2021

The paper shows the results of many years of experience in breeding low-growing clonal apple rootstocks at Michurinsky State Agrarian University. The relevance of the introduction of digital technologies at all stages of the breeding process from the formation of a data bank for the selection of parental pairs to research in the garden of the competitive study of rootstock-varietal combinations is shown. The apparatus and software for specific research stages are proposed. It is found that the developed methodology and digital technologies make it possible to significantly reduce the time of the breeding process, achieve the intended results faster and more efficiently and most fully reveal the genetic potential of breeding achievements.
The morphobiological specificities of the growth and development of promising hawthorn seedlings with different crown shapes in the conditions of the Central Black Earth Region
Authors: Bessonova A V , Grigoreva L V , Zhidekhina T V , Shchukin R A
Published: November 2021

In the literature there is very little information about fruiting, growth activity of various hawthorn species. Therefore, a comprehensive study of hawthorns is necessary in order to improve the health and living conditions in cities, as well as to obtain the highest quality harvest of fruits with valuable traits. The article presents data on the development of phases of vegetation of elite hawthorn seedlings using natural, improved vase-like and sparse-tiered crown forms in the Central Black Earth Region. It was found that the greatest annual growth of shoots was observed in the elite seedling Michurinsky Dessertniy with an improved vase-like crown shape. The largest fruits were obtained from an improved vase-like crown shape of hawthorn trees, (Karamelka, 3.7 g; Tambovskiy Volk, 3.4 g).
Bonitet assessment of graft-rootstock combinations of apple tree varieties in the conditions of the Central Chernozem region
Authors: Tarova Z N , Bobrovich L V , Krivolapov I P , Korotkov A A , Borisova O A
Published: November 2021

The study and analysis of the condition of garden plantings is the most important stage in assessing their profitability and determining the feasibility of further production. Bonitet assessment and inventory are one of the options for such an assessment. The paper presents various methods of assessing graft-rootstock combinations of apple trees in the conditions of the Central Chernozem region. The bonitet class of garden plantings has been determined, the growth characteristics of trees and their relationship with the sub-tree inventory and bonitet assessment of graft-rootstock combinations have been analyzed.
Variability of the effects of combining ability in the breeding of F1 radish hybrids
Authors: Mironov A A , Ushanov A A , Voronina A V , Vorobyev M V
Published: November 2021

Based on homozygous lines, three sterile and seven fertile, radishes were crossed by the method of two groups of genotypes. The resulting offspring and parental lines were tested when growing in soil, in a film greenhouse, using traditional techniques. The experiment was repeated twice to identify hybrid combinations showing consistent performance. The grown plants were evaluated according to economically valuable traits: the weight of the root crop and the aboveground vegetative part, the length, and diameter of the root crop. In the method proposed by V.K. Savchenko, statistical indicators of the combining ability of lines were calculated, including the effects of GCA. When tested at different times, we identified lines that changed the direction of the action of genes on the manifestation of quantitative traits. For the selection of lines for future breeding programs, lines were selected that showed stable performance. The test took the indicators of the inbred lines themselves, which made it possible to assess the relationship of the phenotypic manifestation of the trait with the effects of GCA of the same lines. The presence of close relationships allows simplifying the work of breeders, namely, to assess the manifestation of a trait in plants, without evaluating the offspring. For the same purpose, the presence of relationships between quantitative signs was assessed; during the test, close correlations were found in the first period, while in the second period they were absent. The data obtained indicate the unreliability of even close correlations obtained from the results of single tests. The indicators of the GCA effects of the studied lines are applicable for the selection of only a specific breeding institution, while the comparison of indicators for two or more test periods helps to identify patterns in the control of the inheritance of the studied quantitative traits.
Influence of complex feed additives on the meat productivity of young cattle in the conditions of Yakutia
Authors: Grigoreva A I , Grigorev M F , Stepanova D I , Stepanova S I
Published: November 2021

The paper presents the results of fattening young cattle in the conditions of Yakutia with the use of complex feed additives from local natural raw materials in their diets. One of the ways to increase the meat productivity of livestock is to optimize feeding by inserting complex feed additives into their diets. Therefore, studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of complex feed additives in the fattening of young cattle in the conditions of Yakutia. At the beginning of the experiment, the live weight of the animals in the groups did not differ much, but starting from the age of 12 months, the superiority of the animals from the experimental groups is noted. In the period of 12-15 months of age, the animals from the experimental groups exceeded the growth rate of the control group by 6.70% and 4.76%. In the period of 15-18 months old, the animals of the control group were inferior to the experimental groups by 28.31% and 16.54%. On average, the animals of the experimental groups grew more intensively in comparison with the control group by 12.73% and 8.66 %. Analysis of animal slaughter data showed that the experimental groups were superior to the control group in a number of indicators, such as the mass of the steam carcass by 8.04% and 4.43 %, the mass of visceral fat by 18.59% and 7.39%. The organoleptic evaluation of meat products also confirmed the superiority of the experimental groups over the control group. Thus, the use of complex feed additives in the feeding of young cattle on fattening showed its effectiveness.
Influence of laser irradiation on state of chlorophyll-containing tissues of apple trees infected with pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Maslova M V , Grosheva E V
Published: November 2021

The study of the laser radiation impact on the functional state of the tissues of the apple-tree of the Antonovka ordinary variety showed that the use of coherent light enables to increase the level of photosynthetic activity. It is worth noting that the greatest effect of laser stimulation was observed in variants with artificial infection with the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall (the causative agent of bacterial necrosis of fruit trees). This fact testifies to the activation of plant defense reactions against the pathogen. In this regard, the use of coherent light to increase plant resistance to pathogens is a promising direction for the development of organic farming.
Efficient use of water resources to increase agricultural production of rice
Authors: Bandurin M A , Yurchenko I F , Bandurina I P , Bandurin A P
Published: November 2021

The construction of the Krasnodar reservoir has significantly increased the volume of replenished reserves of pressure underground water, which contributes to improving the efficiency of the use of water resources in the Kuban River basin. Relevance in improving the efficiency of water resources in the basin of the river Kuban to develop new solutions to the agricultural production of rice ensures the quality of products and crop stability. The problem of water quality is very acute. In the Kuban River basin, the annual runoff is subject to vertical zoning, and there is a regular decrease in the annual runoff modulus with a decrease in the average height of the catchment area and along the length of the watercourse. The most effective control is the construction of treatment facilities and the biological method of control in areas of reservoirs with low water exchange. Phosphates are pollutants of artificial origin. The content of phosphates in the reservoir on average exceeds the MPC 1.5-2.0 times. The analysis of available data on bacteriological and parasitological studies gives an idea of the current state of water resources. The results of laboratory tests showed that no parasitological contamination of the water was detected. Bacteriological contamination is present in all parts of the reservoir. The main type of contamination is the excess content of coliform bacteria.
The influence of microbiological preparations on the quality of winter wheat in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region
Authors: Moiseeva K V , Volkova N A
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the research is to study the effect of microbiological preparations on the quality of winter wheat in the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region. The article provides the study of the following microbiological preparations: “Double roots” (Healthy roots)” “Organic”, as well as their combined use. The largest increase in the thousand kernel weight was noted in option 1 “Double roots” (Healthy roots)” and in option 3 “Double roots (Healthy roots) + Organic” by 4.2-2.5 g, which was 7.8-13.3% from the control variant. The highest protein content in winter wheat grain was found in option 1 “Double roots” (Healthy roots) – 13.3%. The rest of the studied options of the experiment were almost at the control level – 12.6-12.7%. According to the grain vitreousness indicator, option 1 “Double roots” (Healthy roots) and option 2 “Organic” dominated – 75 and 72%, respectively. All the studied options exceeded the control in the amount of gluten by 1-4%. The highest amount of gluten in our experiment was noted in option 2 “Organic” – 28.0% and in the first option “Double roots” (Healthy roots)” - 27.0%. According to the gluten quality in the units of the gluten deformation index, 1 quality group is marked – good. Microbiological preparations in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region showed a positive effect on improving the quality of winter wheat grain. Grain quality indicators were steadily formed within the standards for food grains of 2-3 classes.
The influence of bioregulating adaptogens on the growth processes, development and decorative qualities of an orchid
Authors: Varfolomeeva N I , Kazakova V V , Dinkova V S , Yu Manilova O
Published: November 2021

At present, plant biostimulating adaptogens used in the process of growing a wide range of cultivated plants are artificial analogs of natural stimulants, the chemical composition of which contains phytohormones, amino acids and a vitamin complex, which enhance the growth and development of the root system of plants by several times. The effectiveness of these agents is explained by the creation of a mutually beneficial symbiosis of the mycelium of mycorrhizal fungi and the root system of the plant, thereby providing the roots of the orchid with biologically active elements: mineral salts, enzymes, hormones and vitamins. Mycorrhizal fungi, in turn, receive carbohydrates necessary for their growth and development. Due to the fact that indoor plants contain a small amount of growth regulators in their chemical composition, their synthetic analogs are necessary for the productive growth and development of the orchid, which determines the relevance of the research carried out. The article presents the results of experiments on the effect of biostimulating adaptogens Ribav-extra, Ecopin and Epin-extra on the process of root formation of cuttings and morphological features in the studied species of dendrobium orchid. The studied plants were propagated in three ways: by dividing the bush, pseudobulbs and cuttings. The cuttings were soaked for 18 h before planting in drug solutions at a concentration of 1 ml/10 L of water. Also, vegetative plants were sprayed twice with biostimulants: in the phase of regrowth of the first leaf and two weeks later at a concentration of 0.5 ml/10 L of water. The results obtained showed differences in the experimental variants in terms of the onset of phenological phases: the beginning of the formation and regrowth of roots, leaves and peduncles, as well as the flowering period. The reaction of dendrobium to treatment with Ribav-extra, Ecopin and Epin-extra was revealed. In plants in all variants, the preparations used stimulated the development of the root system, leaf apparatus, and the appearance of peduncles. The phenophase data in the tested plants occurred 7-28 days earlier in comparison with the control variant (without the use of bioregulators). The treatment of the test plants with the growth regulator Ribav-extra promoted earlier regrowth of the first and second roots and leaves (by 20-28 days). Ekopin turned out to be the most passive and did not significantly affect the rate of development of the tested plants. The phenophases of regrowth of the 1st root and 1st leaf began 3-5 days earlier than the plants of the control variant. Ribav-extra and Epin-extra stimulated the appearance of peduncles in plants by the age of 3 years.
Development of the composition and technology of a probiotic fermented milk product with the addition of a plant ingredient
Authors: Bocharov V A , Mansurov A P , Bugrova I S , Lazutina A L , Nikolenko P G
Published: November 2021

The research work reflects the problems of baby food at the present stage, arising from the low prevalence of high-grade specialized products. The expediency and possibilities of using microwave-drying vegetable powders for enriching fermented milk products for baby food with vitamins and dietary fiber are considered. A new fermented milk probiotic product with unique nutritional properties has been proposed, the optimal composition and features of its manufacture have been developed.
Preservation of the quality of Actinidia kolomikta berries using a modified atmosphere
Authors: Blinnikova O M , Novikova I M , Ilinsky A S , Eliseeva L G , Blinnikova D A
Published: November 2021

Actinidia berries are a unique natural source of ascorbic acid and many other important physiologically valuable nutrients, but they have a short shelf life. A modified atmosphere is of particular importance for preserving the quality of Actinidia berries during storage. The research was implemented in the laboratory of progressive technologies for storing fruits and vegetables of the research center of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Michurinsky State Agrarian University on Actinidia berries of the Soroka variety. 600-700 g of freshly picked berries were placed in perforated plastic containers. The storage technology provided for the cooling of Actinidia to a temperature of + 0.5 ° C, the installation of perforated plastic containers with berries in the Xtend package, and packaging. The packages had two mini-cranes each, designed to connect the gas-analyzer inlet pneumatic line and return the medium. Storage was carried out in a refrigerator at a constant temperature of + 0.5 ° C and relative humidity of 90%. During the storage period, the concentration of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ethylene in the bag was regularly measured, and the berries were examined, and their appearance was assessed. It was found that after three days of storage, the level of gas concentrations inside the package stabilized and over the next 28 days was in the range of 3.1-3.5% for carbon dioxide and 17.8-18.8% for oxygen. The intensity of ethylene release increased sharply on the 28th day of storage, which led to a significant decrease in the commercial quality of the berries. The studies have shown that to preserve the quality and extend the storage period of Actinidia berries, it is possible to recommend using a modified atmosphere, which ensures the preservation of the original quality of fresh berries. The optimal storage period is 24 days, with the yield of standard berries 94.4%, which is 2.3 times higher than the control. The duration of storage in a modified atmosphere is increased from 3 days to 24 days.
Study of fatty acid esters obtained from the biomass of Hermetia illucens larvae and the prospects of their use in the food industry
Authors: K Yu Smirnova , Karmeeva Yu S , Bannikova A V , Smutnev P V , Shpul S V , Krasnikova E S
Published: November 2021

In this study we carried out a physicochemical analysis of fatty acid esters (FFA) obtained from the biomass of larvae, which can be used as ingredients in the food industry and for the manufacture of feed. The acute toxicity of fatty acid esters obtained from the biomass of Hermetia illucens larvae was determined. It was revealed that the acid and peroxide values of the fat fraction obtained from the biomass of Hermetia illucens larvae are within the limits established by the norm, which indicates the high quality of this product. The fatty acid composition is represented mainly by lauric, palmitic, oleic and myristic acids. It was shown that the differences in fatty acid composition of the samples, obtained from the biomass of Hermetia illucens larvae manually and using the Soxhlet extraction apparatus, were insignificant and within the acceptable values. In the study of presence of toxic elements in fat fractions, lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, iron were not detected or they did not exceed the established values.
Systematic analysis of the succulent extraction process to improve bakery technology
Authors: Belokurova E V , Alekseeva T V , Malakova L A , Sargsyan M A , Sotnikov N V
Published: November 2021

To improve the technology and extend the assortment of bakery products of preventive and functional orientation by introducing extracts of succulent plants, in particular aloe and kalanchoe, the authors have analyzed the process of extraction of vegetable materials and selected optimal conditions: process temperature - 100 °C, duration - 24 hours, the nature of the extractant - water, both for the aloe and kalanchoe extract. The study revealed that by adding the extracts to the semi-finished buns the quality of the products in organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters is not inferior to the control (without adding the plant extracts), and in some cases it becomes better, the optimum dosage is 8% of plant extracts of the amount of water in the dough. Based on the microstructure of the buns’ crumb it was found that the crumb with the addition of 8 % of plant extract in place of the amount of water in the recipe has a uniform structure, which was expressed in an increase in the pore diameter compared to other samples and a stable structure of micro-bridges between them. Such a micro pattern characterises the finished product, which has excellent quality parameters.
Particular qualities of formation of sensory characteristics of jam made from the fruits from musky squash
Authors: Piskunova N A , Osmolovskiy P D , Nemenushchaya L A , Dorozhkina A A , Vorobyova N N
Published: November 2021

The goal of the research is to study particular qualities of formation of sensory characteristics of jam made from the fruits from musky squash (synthetic varieties of Tsukatnaya and Moskovskaya aromatnaya produced by LLC «N.N. Timofeev plant breeding station»). The authors conducted biometrical observation and identified descriptors that described technological properties of fruits and maturation dynamics. The jam was made with the addition of fruit raw materials and the replacement part of the water in the sugar syrups with apple juice and a sensory assessment of the quality of the finished product was carried out. The studied varieties of musky squash during the growing seasons of different weather conditions showed high stability in the formation of the yield of the raw material, leveled by the maturity degree. Storing the fruits of the studied varieties of musky squash after harvesting for at least 2-3 months improves the technological properties of the raw material, which has a positive effect on the formation of the sensory characteristics of the finished product. The bright orange pulp of the studied pumpkin varieties with an average carotene content from 10.13 (Moskovskaya aromatnaya) to 13.3 mg% (Tsukatnaya variety) has a pronounced sweet taste and a pleasant aroma. This allows getting the highest quality jam by replacing 25% of the water in the sugar syrup with apple juice or adding 25% apples to the squash fruit. The fruits of musky squash varieties of Tsukatnaya and Moskovskaya aromatnaya produced by LLC «N.N. Timofeev plant breeding station» used in the jam production were grown in the Moscow region. This results in the formation of sensory characteristics representative of a high-quality product.
Functional meat and vegetable pate with spirulina
Authors: Voloschenko L V , Baidina I A , Shevchenko N P , Trubchaninova N C
Published: November 2021

Fundamental research has extensively described the various biological and medical effects of consuming the microalgae spirulina or its constituents. A number of studies indicate an increase in the immune response when they are used for the manifestation of anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and other important properties. The composition of spirulina and its biological effects make it a unique dietary supplement, the inclusion of which in food products will provide them with functional properties. It has been proven that spirulina has a number of important functional and technological properties for its use as a component in recipes for meat products. In the study of the functional and technological properties of spirulina, it was found that the water absorption capacity was 117.8%, fat absorption was 117.0% and the swelling degree was 177.6%. At the same time, spirulina had low emulsifying and gelling properties. The introduction of spirulina paste into the recipe in a dosage of 1 to 2.5% can increase the quality indicators of the finished product. Results of organoleptic and physicochemical indicators, the most optimal level of spirulina administration was established, which was 2%. Analysis of the results of changes in the peroxide value in the pate samples during storage showed the presence of a high antioxidant activity of spirulina, which will extend the shelf life of the finished product.
Justification of the rotary working body for soil cultivation when fertilizing in the garden
Authors: Alyokhin A V , Gorshenin V I , Koldin M S , Drobyshev I A
Published: November 2021

The paper considers the effect of milling the soil for fertilizing with the ability to obtain a soil structure, in which there will be a uniform distribution of fertilizers for their more active assimilation. The device of the rotary working body for the implementation of this technological process is presented. The theoretical substantiation of the curvilinear working surface of the knife is carried out to obtain the optimal structure of the soil. The dependence of the shape of the knife working surface on the parameter of the parabola p is plotted. The results of experimental studies are given. It was concluded that the quality of soil cultivation required by agricultural technology by this working body with a knife working surface made in a parabola was obtained with a parameter p = 2.5.
Application of the alveograph device for the development of requirements for the quality of flour for the production of a wafer sheet
Authors: Meleshkina E P , Kolomiets S N , Bundina O I , Cheskidova A S
Published: November 2021

Due to the constantly growing demand for flour confectionery and culinary products, it became necessary to develop specialized requirements for the quality of wheat flour as a raw material. To date, there are no such requirements in our country, and for the production of these products, bakery flour obtained according to the traditional wheat grind scheme was used, the quality of which had to be leveled depending on the range of confectionery products. One way to solve this problem is to differentiate the properties of wheat flour according to its intended purpose and their rationing. The purpose of the study is to develop quality requirements for Russian wheat flour for the production of wafer sheets according to objectively and reliably determined indicators of the dough rheological properties using an alveograph device to create, in the future, a system for classifying wheat flour by its intended purpose. Flour quality assessment was carried out using domestic devices and laboratory equipment (MOK system, Falling-number value, etc.); the dough rheological properties were evaluated by an alveograph device (company Chopin, France), wafer sheets were baked and evaluated using methods previously developed by the authors. The analysis of the interdependence of standardized quality indicators, as well as newly developed ones, was conducted to identify indicators that differentiate the quality of wheat flour by its intended purpose, i.e. by finished products. For this, methods of mathematical statistics were applied.
Features of technological processing of seeds with an electromagnetic field of microwave before sowing
Authors: Vendin S V
Published: November 2021

To increase the efficiency of crop production in the arsenal of the agronomic service there is a number of techniques, methods and technologies that reveal the potential of agricultural plants for all stages of production, starting with soil preparation, selection and preparation of seeds for sowing, agrotechnological measures during the growing season, harvesting technologies, storage and processing of products. The article presents the results of experimental studies on the use of the energy of ultra-high frequency electromagnetic fields for pre-sowing treatment of lupine seeds in order to increase their germination. Revealed the relationship between the parameters of microwave exposure and seed germination. The areas of modes where microwave treatment allows to increase germination, as well as areas of modes in which the impact does not reach the planned effect, or has a negative (depressing) effect, have been determined. Recommendations are given for ensuring the optimal modes of microwave processing and ensuring control of the parameters of the technological process. Based on the results obtained, it can be reliably asserted that the region of microwave treatment of lupine seeds, with a result exceeding the control values, is observed at exposure in the range from 50 to 60 s and at a specific microwave power of exposure from 1.0 to 1.17 kW/kg. The best result of an increase in germination by 1.5% was obtained at 60 s and 1.17 kW/kg. When treating seeds, it is recommended to maintain an average microwave heating rate of 0.50 °C/s until an average microwave heating temperature of 51.5 °C is reached.
The analysis of the suitability of using waste from the production of planting material for apple trees to obtain natural anthocyanin dyes
Authors: Tarova Z N , Dubrovsky M L , Churikova N L , Temnov M S , Ustinskaya Ya V , Dvoretsky D S
Published: November 2021

The analysis of the content of pigments in the stems of clonal apple rootstocks bred by Michurinsky State Agrarian University showed a high content of anthocyanins (more than 200 mg/100 g for rootstock 54-118). When determining the qualitative composition, it was revealed that anthocyanins in the stems of the rootstocks are represented by three groups, while there are differences in the shape of the rootstocks. As a source of pigment production, it is necessary to select rootstocks with a high endogenous synthesis of anthocyanins (i.e. red-leaved forms 54-118, 57-491, 98-7-77, etc.), during the cultivation of which, in addition to the main product—detachable rooted cuttings-one can additionally receive from 3 to 10 kg of anthocyanin dyes from 1 hectare of mother plant.
Food security as a result of the effective use of agricultural land in the agricultural region
Authors: Zhidkov S A , Ananskikh A A , Kuzicheva N Yu , Trunova S N , Kalyakin E V
Published: November 2021

The level of land use in agricultural regions has a major impact on the degree of ensuring their food security. The result of thirty years of land reforms is the creation of a system of multi-layered economy in rural areas. The studies were conducted on the basis of data from the Tambov Region, a region with a soil cover mainly represented by leached chernozems. The most effective use of land resources was carried out in 2015-2019 in the households of the population, which have a major role in ensuring food security in the region. In general, in the Tambov region, the level of full self-provision for milk, eggs, fruits, and vegetables has not been reached. The solution of this problem lies in the restoration and improvement of soil fertility in farms of all categories of management. The article outlines its main methods that allow the greatest use of the biological potential of agricultural production.
Bioenergetics’ potential of the poultry and swine wastes in Belgorod region of Russia
Authors: Miroshnichenko I V , Lomazov V A , Petrosov D A , Oskina A S
Published: November 2021

Studies of biogas productivity of broiler chicken manure and fattening pig manure collected at the enterprises of Belgorod region of Russia were carried out. The specific yield of biogas from broiler chicken manure was 0,449±0,014 m3/kg of organic matter (oDM), methane specific yield – 0,256±0,008 m3/kg of oDM, from pig manure – 0,300±0,006 and 0,185±0,005 m3/kg oDM, respectively. The annual yield of these substrates in the region was calculated. The energy potential of substrates conversion into biogas was determined: the total yield of electric energy will be 9.339 billion kWh, heat energy - 10.322 billion kWh per year, or 25.585 and 28.279 million kWh per day, respectively.
Digital control of the application efficiency of agricultural land and the involvement of retired territories into circulation
Authors: Golubev I G , Apatenko A S , Sevryugina N S , Kozhukhova N I
Published: November 2021

The economic instability of recent decades has various social consequences. One of which is the emergence of abandoned agricultural areas. Analytical studies have shown that geolocation, aimed at creating a digital image of agricultural areas, reveals exclusion zones. The government has set the task of developing programs to involve the agricultural turnover of unused land. It is proposed to carry out a system-architectural design of the target zoning of territories. The selection of the basic model within the architecture of the Database of agricultural lands in circulation is supplemented by a block of a digital image for recognizing resource opportunities. The problem of developing a formalized set of typed commands that structure knowledge about the state of territories and their functionality for expert programming systems is solved. The database is formed from declarative (factual), procedural, and control knowledge. To form the database, the state of unused agricultural land in the country was shown. A forecast was given by the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia for the involvement of fallow lands in the turnover by the end of 2030. The concept of the efficiency of involving unused agricultural land into circulation was presented. A mathematical description of the risks and a graphical presentation of ways to achieve the efficiency of returning unused land by a set of indicators of risk restrictions were given. The key advantage of the developed concept is the creation of a modular-type production infrastructure, which is modernized and filled according to the current needs of economic activity, which is flexible to changes in internal factors and does not require external resources.
Automated leveling systems for development and cleaning of reclamation channels in the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Mironov A V , Apatenko A S , Sevryugina N S , Stupin O A
Published: November 2021

Reclamation complexes, the key element of which are bypass canals, are actively used for effective agricultural work. For the development of reclamation canals. as a rule, excavator equipment is used, which subsequently ensures their effective functioning. The analysis of the impact of the efficiency of the functioning of amelioration systems on the agro-industrial complex (AIC) sectors revealed a significant dependence on obtaining high-quality crops or pastures. Factors were identified that reduce the quality of reclamation work. Among them, the indicator of positioning accuracy of the profile of the soil during clearing or arrangement of channels is highlighted as the main one. It was proved that the installation of automated leveling systems will provide technological improvement to the excavator. Modernization of excavators by introducing automatic leveling systems (ALS), allows you to increase the speed and accuracy of work, and therefore productivity. There are three main ALS solutions for excavator operation: ALS 2 D control system; ALS satellite monitoring system; ALS AUTO satellite leveling system. It was determined that for using ALS AUTO, the quality of the work performed does not depend on the human factor. Field tests were carried out at the test site with quality control of the construction embankments with JCB JS 205 excavator modernized with ALS. The data obtained were compared with the results of grading with a JCB JS 205 excavator without ALS. Based on the results of the data analysis, it was found that with the introduction of automatic leveling systems, the productivity of the equipment increases by 200%, and the accuracy of the work performed has increased 2 times.
Processing technology and electrical decontamination of bedding manure and litter in ground trenches and bioreactors
Authors: Guryanov D V , Khmyrov V D , Guryanova Yu V , Trufanov B S , Kudenko V B
Published: November 2021

The paper presents data on the effect of electric current on the quantitative index of Mucor and Bacillus fungal colonies in bedding litter. It was found that with an increase in direct current to 3A, the quantitative index (%) of Mucor fungal colonies sharply decreases from 45 to 3 (by 42%), and the quantitative index (%) of Bacillus fungal colonies decreases from 70 to 50 (by 20%). Fresh litter has high acidity, and it cannot be used without preliminary processing and electrical decontamination in ground trenches and bioreactors.
Bone segmentation in contrast enhanced whole-body computed tomography
Authors: Leydon Patrick , O’Connell Martin , Greene Derek , Curran Kathleen M
Published: November 2021

Segmentation of bone regions allows for enhanced diagnostics, disease characterisation and treatment monitoring in CT imaging. In contrast enhanced whole-body scans accurate automatic segmentation is particularly difficult as low dose whole body protocols reduce image quality and make contrast enhanced regions more difficult to separate when relying on differences in pixel intensities. This paper outlines a U-net architecture with novel preprocessing techniques, based on the windowing of training data and the modification of sigmoid activation threshold selection to successfully segment bone-bone marrow regions from low dose contrast enhanced whole-body CT scans. The proposed method achieved mean Dice coefficients of 0.979 ± 0.02, 0.965 ± 0.03, and 0.934 ± 0.06 on two internal datasets and one external test dataset respectively. We have demonstrated that appropriate preprocessing is important for differentiating between bone and contrast dye, and that excellent results can be achieved with limited data.
Ecological assessment of water quality in an urban river replenished with reclaimed water: the phytoplankton functional groups approach
Authors: Zhu Liying , Chen Yuanyuan , Wang Yawei , Wang Chunrong , Wei Yuansong
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive water quality assessment plays a vital role in decision making for the sustainable management of urban rivers, and thus the exploration of integrated ecological assessment methods for water quality has become a major requirement. This study assessed the water quality of the North Canal River on the basis of its ecological status using the phytoplankton functional groups (PFGs) approach. The river runs through the megacities of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in China, and is mainly replenished with reclaimed water. The results showed that the PFGs approach is much better for evaluating the water quality of urban rivers than the conventional physicochemical index method and phytoplankton diversity metrics, because the PFGs approach is more sensitive to the spatiotemporal variations in the water quality of urban rivers. The average Q

r
index, for ecological status estimation in rivers, based on the PFGs of the North Canal River was 3.30, indicating ‘good’ water quality. In the dry season, the dominant PFG upstream was group D (Cyclotella spp.), whereas the major downstream PFGs had changed to group Y (Glenodinium spp., Cryptomonas ovata, and Cryptomonas erosa) and W1 (Euglena spp. and Gonium pectoral). While the dominant PFG throughout the river changed to TB: Melosira spp. in the wet season. The Q

r
at each site was one to two grades lower during the wet season than the dry season, indicating that water quality was worse in the wet than the dry season.
Study of thermoplasmonic properties of gold nanodimer in visible -infrared region of electromagnetic spectrum
Authors: Pathak Nilesh Kumar , Sarathi Partha
Published: November 2021

In the present study, the heat generation in gold nanodimer when irradiated at their localized surface plasmon resonances is investigated numerically. The theoretical calculations are performed employing the first principal approach to obtain the absorption cross-section of gold nanodimer for different parameter ranges. The heating mechanism is enumerated in terms of its temperature by solving the steady-state heat transfer equation which depends on the absorption cross-section and surface plasmon resonance wavelength. These surface plasmon resonances are quite sensitive to the distance between the dimer and have been tuned from visible to IR range by managing the distance between spheres from 0 to 6 nm. The computation of normalized electric field distribution of gold nanodimer under the plasmon resonance has been mapped using boundary element method(BEM) which enables visualization of the local hot spot that plays a significant role in optical heating applications. The work furnishes the basic understanding of the heating mechanism of gold nanodimer which can find application as plasmonic nanoheaters in several branches of science in visible and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Nanostructured steels for advanced structural applications
Authors: Kong H J , Yang T , Zhang T L , Cao B X , Liu C T
Published: November 2021

This vision summarizes the recent advancement of nanostructured steels for advanced structural applications, foresees possible challenges and pinpoints future directions as well as opportunities in this new era of industrial revolution 4.0.
Cardiac magnetic resonance in the assessment of pericardial abnormalities: a case series
Authors: Mano T Branco , Santos H , Rosa S Aguiar , Thomas B , Baquero L
Published: November 2021

Background

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has a unique role in evaluating pericardial disease, permitting non-invasive tissue analysis, and haemodynamic assessment.

Case summary

In Case 1 of recurrent pericarditis, CMR confirmed reactivation of inflammation with late gadolinium enhancement and native T1/T2 mapping techniques, prompting therapeutic changes. In constrictive pericarditis, CMR is the only modality capable of differentiating a subacute potentially reversible form (Case 2), from a chronic, burnt out irreversible phase characterized by constrictive physiology (Case 3).

Discussion

Cardiac magnetic resonance is an effective tool to tailor individual therapy, particularly in cases of recurrent and constrictive pericarditis. Late gadolinium enhancement provides diagnostic and prognostic information, and multiparametric mapping has emerged as a promising tool with incremental diagnostic value.