bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymptomatic Inflammatory Bowel Disease Diagnosed During Colorectal Cancer Population Screening in Catalonia: Characteristics and Natural History
Authors: Brunet-Mas Eduard , Selva Anna , Bas-Cutrina Francesc , Brujats Anna , Caballol Berta , Font Rebeca , Gómez Bàrbara , Gonzalez-Muñosa Carlos , Busquets David , Monfort David , Vera Diana Patrícia , Maristany Elisabet , Cirera Gemma , Torres Gisela , Castro-Poceiro Jesús , Lopez Joel , Gonzalez-Gonzalez Laura , Màrquez-Mosquera Lucia , Gallach Marta , Esteve Maria , Tremosa Gemma , Torra Sandra , Robles-Alonso Virginia , Garcia-Iglesias Pilar , Rodríguez-Lago Iago , Calvet Xavier
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is usually diagnosed when symptomatic. Prognosis and evolution of preclinical IBD is largely unknown. However, colorectal cancer screening programs (CRCSP) detect a subset of patients with IBD with no symptoms. The aim of this study was to describe the natural history of asymptomatic IBD diagnosed through CRCSP.

METHODS:

An observational, longitudinal, and retrospective study was performed at 22 centers in Catalonia between January 2010 and December 2019 including patients with asymptomatic IBD detected in the CRCSP. Demographic data and IBD characteristics, evolution, and treatment were recorded. Descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used for the analysis. Data were given separately for IBD, Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and IBD unclassified (IBDU).

RESULTS:

One hundred eighty-eight patients were included: 103 UC (54.8%), 60 CD (31.9%), and 25 IBDU (13.3%). Sixty-six (35.1%) were women, and the average age was 59.9 ± 5.9 years. Sixty-four patients (34.0%) developed symptoms after a median follow-up of 35.6 months. Diarrhea was the most frequent symptom for CD and IBDU (25.4% and 11.5%, respectively) and blood in stools for UC (21.4%). The median time to first symptom was 11.6 months. Treatment was prescribed in 135 patients (72.2%); mesalazine was the most prescribed drug (123 patients; 65.4%). Thirteen patients (6.9%) required biological treatment. None underwent surgery.

DISCUSSION:

Around one-third of asymptomatic patients with IBD developed symptoms after a medium follow-up of 3 years. Only 6.9% required biological treatment, and none required surgery. Overall, prognosis of asymptomatic IBD seems better.
Secondary school students knowledge toward oral health: a cross- sectional study
Authors: Khamees Abdullah Sajida , Yasser Jumaa Zainalabideen
Published: December 2024

Background: Oral health is strongly tied to oral health behaviors and knowledge. It is critical to assess teenagers' oral health information, even if they have received education, with the goal of instilling good lifestyle patterns that will last a lifetime.
Objective: Tzhe objective of the study is to identify level secondary school students knowledge toward oral health
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 384 secondary school students probability selected schools in AL-Qadisiya Governorate, Iraq during the period (October 12th 2023 to March 25th 2024). Data collection through a self-report questionnaire consisting of two Parts: Demographic Data Form (age ,gender ,class ,monthly income and residency ) and questionnaire consist 18 multiple-choice questions secondary school students toward oral care .
Results: The study included 384 students who participated in study, most of the sample reported a poor level regarding oral health (51.04%), while less than a third (28.12%) reported an average level and the remaining percentage (20.83) of those who had knowledge about oral health,with a mean of score (1.32). Furthermore, a statistically significant association was revealed between level knowledge and gender (p = 0.045) and residency (p = 0.000).
Conclusions: The researchers concluded that level of knowledge of secondery school students regarding oral health is unacceptable and below the required level.
Recommendations: The study recommended that allocating professional cadres trained to spread awareness about oral health among school students and the need to involve parents in the health education process directed at school children.
Statistical analysis of the symptoms contributing to the diagnosis of malaria: a case study of federal medical Centre Ilara, Ogun state, Nigeria
Authors: H Abdullahi , G.M Oyeyemi , A . O Kareem
Published: December 2024

Malaria in humans is an acute or sub-acute infectious disease caused by one of six protozoan species of the genus Plasmodium: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale wallikeri, P. ovale curtisi, P. malariae and P. knowlesi, transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria remains one of the most serious global health problems with the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting hundreds of millions of cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths annually, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa. The study aimed at carrying out statistical analysis on patients who presented themselves to the physician on their claim of having malaria, a case study of Federal Polytechnic Ilaro Medical Centre, Ogun state, Nigeria. The participants were 337 patients of which 180 are Female and 157 are Male within the age range of 3-77 years of age. The statistical analysis of symptoms contributing to the diagnosis of malaria highlighted several key findings. Logistic regression was used for the basic analysis of the dataset and it was discovered that people in the age range 38–47 years are mostly affected with malaria and that females are the most infected gender species with headache being the most significant symptom based on its Wald statistic value.
Penafsiran Konsep Kehadiran Tubuh dalam “Fenomenologi Persepsi” karya Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Ayu Noer Afifah
Published: December 2024

Artikel ini membahas penafsiran konsep kehadiran tubuh dalam salah satu karya utama fenomenologi, yaitu "Phenomenology of Perception" oleh Merleau-Ponty, serta mengulas signifikansi pentingnya dalam memahami pengalaman manusia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur, artikel ini mengeksplorasi latar belakang dan konteks historis konsep kehadiran tubuh dalam pemikiran filosofis. Kerangka pemikiran Merleau-Ponty tentang peran sentral konsep kehadiran tubuh, yang memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang pengalaman manusia, termasuk hubungan antara tubuh, pikiran, dan lingkungan, menjadi sorotan utama. Dengan menganalisis teks utama dan pemikiran sekunder yang relevan, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam "Phenomenology of Perception," Merleau-Ponty menyoroti konsep kehadiran tubuh yang memengaruhi pandangan kita terhadap pengalaman manusia. Tubuh dianggap sebagai medium yang memfasilitasi pengalaman langsung terhadap dunia, berperan sebagai jembatan antara subjek dan objek. Penafsiran Merleau-Ponty menunjukkan bahwa tubuh tidak hanya menerima stimulus, tetapi juga bertindak sebagai subjek aktif dalam interaksi dengan lingkungan. Kompleksitas hubungan tubuh dengan ruang, waktu, dan kesadaran ditekankan, dan kehadiran tubuh tak terpisahkan dari norma-norma sosial dan budaya yang membentuk identitas dan persepsi manusia. Konsep kehadiran tubuh memiliki signifikansi filosofis yang mendalam dan dampak pada pemahaman manusia secara menyeluruh. Fokus pada peran penting tubuh dalam pengalaman manusia membantu memperluas wawasan kita terhadap manusia sebagai entitas holistik yang melibatkan dimensi fisik, mental, emosional, dan sosial. Penelitian ini tidak hanya menyoroti kompleksitas manusia sebagai makhluk yang merasakan dunia melalui berbagai dimensi terkait, tetapi juga menekankan pentingnya memahami bagaimana tubuh menjadi pusat dalam membentuk persepsi, emosi, dan identitas.
Effect of bioactive compounds on enzymatic regulation and shelf life of mango during post-harvest
Authors: Balachandran Adarsh , Sivakumar V , Kavitha C , Giridhari V Veeranan Arun , Rajavel M
Published: December 2024

The effects of melatonin, salicylic acid (SA) and brassinosteroids on the post-harvest quality and shelf life of two mango varieties, Alphonso and Sindhura, were investigated with respect to physiological, biochemical and enzymatic changes. The study assessed physiological loss in weight (PLW), Total Soluble Solids (TSS), titratable acidity, sugars, total phenolics, carotenoids, ripening related enzymes (pectin methylesterase, polygalacturonase, amylase and cellulase) and antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase). According to the results, the shelf life of mango was considerably increased by 200 µM melatonin, 2.0 mM salicylic acid and 25 ppm brassinosteroids, which also decreased PLW to 9.81 %, 10.12 % and 9.79 % in Alphonso and 9.48 %, 9.51 % and 9.92 % in Sindhura. These treatments maintained a balance between TSS, sugars and acidity, while preserving higher concentration of total phenolics and carotenoids. Treated fruits exhibited lower ripening enzyme activity, particularly polygalacturonase, which declined by 16.7 %, 11.2 % and 17.0 % in Alphonso and 11.5 %, 10.9 % and 11.2 % in Sindhura with 200 µM melatonin, 2.0 mM salicylic acid and 25 ppm brassinosteroids treatments respectively. Similarly, pectin methyl esterase (PME) was reduced by 12.2 %, 11.6 % and 10.5 % in Alphonso and 12.1 %, 10.3 % and 12.1 % in Sindhura corresponding to these treatments, delaying cell wall degradation and maintaining fruit firmness. Additionally, antioxidant enzymes were upregulated, mitigating oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and preserving fruit quality. These treatments were effective in delaying ripening, enhancing stress resistance and extending the marketability of mangoes during storage. This study highlights the potential of melatonin, salicylic acid and brassinosteroids as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic chemicals for improving post-harvest mango management.
Egzekucja przez zarząd przymusowy według kodeksu postępowania cywilnego z 1930 roku na przykładzie majątków osobistych i fideikomisowych książąt pszczyńskich w latach 1934–1939
Authors: Kucharski Tomasz
Published: December 2024

Artykuł jest poświęcony stosowaniu międzywojennych przepisów kodeksu postępowania cywilnego z 1930 r. o zarządzie przymusowym na przykładzie postępowania egzekucyjnego przeciwko ks. Janowi Henrykowi XV Hochberg von Pless. Postępowanie to było prowadzone względem nieruchomości i licznych przedsiębiorstw przemysłowych księcia pszczyńskiego, należących zarówno do jego majątku osobistego, jak i dóbr fideikomisu familijnego Hochbergów. Autor starał się – metodą case study – pokazać różne problemy praktyczne związane z działalnością zarządców przymusowych majątków księcia pszczyńskiego. Poddał analizie zagadnienie skutków statusu dóbr stanowiących przedmiot egzekucji jako części składowych majątku fideikomisu, a także podjął próbę prezentacji sposobu wykonywania obowiązków przez zarządców w zakresie spłaty wierzyciela głównego i wierzycieli przyłączonych, obowiązków sprawozdawczych oraz „sanacji” dóbr dłużnika i poprawy ich sytuacji ekonomicznej. Część artykułu poświęcił regulaminowi oraz organizacji i funkcjonowaniu administracji zarządu. Poddał także analizie relacje zarządcy z dłużnikiem i jego rodziną.
Sprawozdanie z sympozjum poświęconego pamięci prof. Małgorzaty Materniak-Pawłowskiej „Iustitia civitatis fundamentum – sądy i sędziowie na przestrzeni dziejów”
Authors: Mejri Fatma
Published: December 2024

Sprawozdanie.
Władysław Rozwadowski (1933–2024)
Authors: Dajczak Wojciech
Published: December 2024

Wspomnienie zmarłego 4 sierpnia 2024 r. prof. W. Rozwadowskiego.
Tabliczki B–O praw średnioasyryjskich
Authors: Mikołajczak Tytus
Published: December 2024

Prawa średnioasyryjskie (MAL) to zbiór praw pochodzących z XII wieku p.n.e., znaleziony w Aszur, obecnie Qal’at Sherqat w irackim Kurdystanie. Niniejsza publikacja zawiera drugą część polskiego tłumaczenia i komentarza do praw średnioasyryjskich, tym razem do tabliczek B do O. Tabliczki te obejmują szeroki zakres tematów: prawa dotyczące dziedziczenia, własności, kradzieży, pracy i oszczerstwa. Tabliczka B ma szczególne znaczenie dla zrozumienia własności ziemi w społeczeństwie średnioasyryjskim, szczegółowo opisując prawa dotyczące dziedziczenia, procedur zakupu, granic własności i irygacji.
Hawajski kodeks karny z 1850 roku
Authors: Rakowski Maciej
Published: December 2024

Kodeks karny Królestwa Hawajów z 1850 r. stanowił kodyfikację kompleksową i nowoczesną. Nie był jednak oryginalnym dziełem mieszkańców wysp. Opracował go młody amerykański prawnik William L. Lee na podstawie projektu kodeksu karnego dla stanu Massachusetts. Kodeks wpisywał się w gwałtowne przemiany wyspiarskiego społeczeństwa, dokonujące się pod wpływem białych przybyszów, w tym radykalnych protestanckich misjonarzy, przybywających z USA od 1820 r. Wprowadzał nowe prawo dla tubylców i nie był kodyfikacją, której głównym celem było uporządkowanie i usystematyzowanie wcześniejszych norm. Hawajski kodeks utrwalał nową dla tubylców, chrześcijańską moralność pojmowaną na sposób purytański. Wiele uwagi poświęcono w nim uregulowaniu przestępstw natury seksualnej, a także zachowań związanych z produkcją i sprzedażą alkoholu, zaś ochronę własności oparto na europejskim, a nie tradycyjnym, rozumieniu tego prawa. Nowoczesność kodeksu polegała nie tylko na jasnym sformułowaniu przepisów definiujących typy czynów zabronionych. Mocną stroną aktu z 1850 r. jest część ogólna, z definicją winy i usiłowania, określeniem kontratypów i uregulowaniem problemu udziału z przestępstwie.
Zawarcie kolejnego małżeństwa a utrata dożywocia w polskim prawie ziemskim. Teoria i praktyka
Authors: Głuszak Marcin
Published: December 2024

Celem umowy dożywocia małżeńskiego było zabezpieczenie materialne współmałżonka na wypadek wdowieństwa przez zapewnienie mu prawa użytkowania dóbr zmarłego do końca życia. Jedną z przesłanek utraty tego prawa mogło być wstąpienie przez stronę korzystającą z dożywocia w nowy związek małżeński. Większość badaczy polskiego prawa ziemskiego, opierając się na wypowiedzi Teodora Ostrowskiego, stała na stanowisku, że w prowincjach koronnych ustanie prawa dożywocia wraz z zawarciem małżeństwa następowało jedynie w przypadku umieszczenia w umowie klauzuli zawierającej taki warunek. Natomiast samo wstąpienie w kolejny związek małżeński nie pociągało za sobą utraty dóbr dożywotnich. Aby zweryfikować ten pogląd, w artykule dokonano analizy wybranych dokumentów praktyki: umów małżeńskich i testamentów, w których strony składały oświadczenie dotyczące konsekwencji zawarcia nowego związku małżeńskiego przez współmałżonka mającego korzystać z dożywocia. Przypomniano również regulujące tę kwestię przepisy zawarte w projektach kodyfikacji prawa prywatnego na ziemiach polskich w XVIII i XIX wieku.
Utwór literacki jako instrument wykładni prawa. Rudolf von Jhering, Josef Kohler i Leon Piniński o „wyroku” Porcji w Kupcu weneckim Williama Shakespeare’a
Authors: Jońca Maciej , Jaworska-Biskup Katarzyna
Published: December 2024

Kupiec wenecki Williama Szekspira opowiada historię niespełnionego kontraktu. Jeden z głównych bohaterów dramatu, żydowski lichwiarz Shylock, pożycza obywatelowi Wenecji o imieniu Antonio sumę trzech tysięcy dukatów. Strony umowy ustalają, że jeśli dług nie zostanie w ciągu trzech miesięcy spłacony, Shylock będzie miał prawo wykroić funt mięsa z ciała Antonia. Ponieważ pieniądze nie zostają zwrócone, doża Wenecji zwołuje posiedzenie sądu. Antonio unika śmierci z rąk Shylocka dzięki Porcji przebranej za doktora praw Balthazara. W efekcie Shylock zostaje nie tylko pozbawiony majątku, ale także upokorzony i zmuszony do przyjęcia chrztu w imię prawa. Utwór ten stanowił przyczynek do rozważań prawnych i dyskusji toczonych przez Rudolfa von Jheringa, Josefa Kohlera i Leona Pinińskiego.
Drive for commercial desertification in mountain areas: Evidence from the province of Sondrio (Italy), 2010−2022
Authors: Clerici Maria Antonietta
Published: December 2024

The availability of an adequate network of services of general interest (SGI) is a major issue for the vitality of rural areas, which is very much on the political agendas of different governmental levels. This is also true for the narrow field of food retailing, which is the subject of this paper. Here we focus on the provision of commercial services in the province of Sondrio, a small stretch of land in the Alps on the border between Italy and Switzerland. This paper investigates the rearrangement of the provincial distribution system between 2010 and 2022, focusing on the dynamics of food retail density in terms of shops and available floor area with respect to the resident population. What emerges is a progressive commercial rarefaction that plays a role in reshaping the relationship between the populations of built- up areas at different altitudes and leads to a sharp increase in instances of under-provision and commercial desertification in the strict sense. The way these critical situations affect the different municipalities depends on their individual position within their settlement networks, with residential municipalities being the most affected, even though they are not necessarily isolated or in remote locations. Retail dynamics in disadvantaged rural mountain areas must not be underestimated, as it also contributes to territorial cohesion.
Quaestiones Geographicae: Five decades of geographical excellence
Authors: Kostrzewski Andrzej , Dominiak Joanna , Zwoliński Zbigniew , Rzodkiewicz Monika , Stachowiak Krzysztof , Stryjakiewicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2024

The journal Quaestiones Geographicae, founded by Professor Stefan Kozarski in 1974, has played a key role in the development of geography and related sciences for five decades, promoting both Polish and international scientific research. Initially focused on physical geography, it evolved towards interdisciplinarity, encompassing a broad range of themes within the geographical sciences. Through its collaboration with the Sciendo platform and adoption of the Open Access model, the journal has expanded its international reach, attracting authors from over 40 countries and achieving an Impact Factor of 1 in 2023. Its most influential publications have explored statistical methods, geodiversity, and geomorphological heritage, highlighting the journal’s interdisciplinary character. The 50th anniversary is an opportunity to reflect on its contribution to the advancement of geography and to set new goals in addressing global challenges such as environmental crises, urbanisation, and digital technology development. Quaestiones Geographicae remains an invaluable platform for knowledge exchange, inspiring future researchers and supporting sustainable development at local and global levels.
Grypsy Łukasza Cieplińskiego jako inspiracja w wychowaniu do wartości w świetle Listu do rodzin 'Gratissimam sane' Jana Pawła II
Authors: Gwóźdź Monika , Juroszek Weronika
Published: December 2024

Problematyka artykułu oscyluje wokół biografii Żołnierzy Niezłomnych, które stanowią źródło inspiracji w wychowaniu do wartości. Poddano analizie fragment biografii Łukasza Cieplińskiego, jednego z najbardziej znanych i podziwianych Żołnierzy Niezłomnych, koncentrując się na grypsach pisanych przez niego w ostatnich pięciu miesiącach życia spędzonych w celi śmierci. Celem artykułu jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie badawcze: jak wychowywać potomstwo inspirując się grypsami Łukasza Cieplińskiego w świetle wskazówek zawartych w Liście do rodzin Gratissimam sane Jana Pawła II? Zastosowano metodę biografii historyczno-pedagogicznej. Tłem historycznym przeprowadzonych analiz były lata stalinowskie w powojennej Polsce. Analizę prowadzono w oparciu o wskazówki, dotyczące wychowania do małżeństwa i rodzicielstwa, zawarte w Liście do rodzin Gratissimam sane Jana Pawła II.
Wnioski: Grypsy Łukasza Cieplińskiego dostarczają inspiracji w wychowaniu do wartości w rodzinie. W procesie tym warto kierować się następującymi zasadami: a) należy wspierać potomstwo w postawie szczerej modlitwy zawierzającej samemu Bogu; b) pracować nad kształtowaniem ciepłej i wspierającej relacji z współmałżonkiem pamiętając, że także dziecko najlepiej rozwija się wtedy, gdy jego rodzice darzą się miłością; c) stawiać dziecku ambitne i realistyczne wymagania w duchu miłości i wiary; d) troszczyć się o rozwój dziecka w kontekście rodziny wielopokoleniowej, gdyż to ona właśnie jest w stanie stworzyć odpowiednie środowisko wychowawcze w sytuacji śmierci lub niewydolności wychowawczej rodzica; e) wychowywać dziecko nie tylko dla dobra rodziny, ale również dla dobra całego narodu. Priorytety Łukasza Cieplińskiego są zgodne z późniejszym nauczaniem Jana Pawła II, ujętym w Liście do rodzin Gratissimam sane, w którym papież podkreśla znaczenie wychowywania dziecka w duchu bliskich relacji międzyosobowych oraz współuczestnictwa w dziedzictwie historyczno-kulturowym narodu.
The relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity and serum fatty acid binding protein 4 at rest and during isometric handgrip exercise
Authors: Hirai Tadayuki , Hamaoka Takuto , Murai Hisayoshi , Sugimoto Hiroyuki , Mukai Yusuke , Nomura Ayano , Kusayama Takashi , Ikeda Tatsunori , Takashima Shinichiro , Kato Takeshi , Sakata Kenji , Usui Soichiro , Takata Shigeo , Takamura Masayuki
Published: December 2024

Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is highly expressed in adipocytes. Lipolysis, caused by an elevated adrenergic input, has been suggested to contribute to elevated serum FABP4 levels in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between the serum FABP4 and efferent sympathetic nerve activity remains poorly understood. Twenty‐one healthy subjects (average age, 29.1 years; 15 men) performed an isometric handgrip (HG) exercise at 30% of the maximal voluntary contraction until they were fatigued. The beat‐by‐beat heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were recorded. Blood samples were collected at rest and at the time of peak fatigue. The MSNA, HR, and systolic BP were significantly increased by the HG exercise (all, p < 0.05). MSNA was obtained from 14 patients. The change in the FABP4 on HG exercise was significantly correlated with the change in MSNA (bursts/100 heartbeats) (R = 0.808, p < 0.001) but not with changes in other parameters, which might, in part, reflect an association of efferent sympathetic drive with FABP4. Meanwhile, resting FABP4 levels were not associated with any parameters including MSNA, in healthy individuals. Future studies on patients with elevated sympathetic activity are warranted to examine the relationship further.
Olympic distance duathlon and cardiac performance in highly‐trained triathletes
Authors: Donaldson J. A. , Wiles J. D. , Papadakis M. , Sharma S. , Sharma R. , O'Driscoll J. M.
Published: December 2024

The effects of triathlon exercise on cardiac function are well documented. While Olympic triathlon (swim‐bike‐run) remains the standard format, increasing concerns about water quality in natural waterways present ongoing challenges for open‐water swimming events, highlighting the potential need to consider alternative formats such as duathlon (run‐bike‐run) in some circumstances. An additional run may increase the overall metabolic and cardiovascular demand compared with the swim in triathlon, leading to reduced future performance. Conversely, the majority of EICF research reports reversal of post‐exercise perturbations within 24–7 days of recovery but duathlon has not yet been studied in this context. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the cardiac, autonomic, haemodynamic and biomarker responses during and following two Olympic distance (OD) duathlon separated by 7 days of recovery. Highly‐trained (V O2max >60 mL·kg−1·min−1) male participants (n = 10) completed two lab‐based OD duathlons, either continuous (BD) or with functional measurements after each leg (UD), separated by 7 days of rest. Conventional echocardiography recorded standard and tissue Doppler measures of left ventricular (LV) structure and function. Speckle tracking echocardiography was used to measure global longitudinal strain (GLS). Time and frequency domain analysis of HRV, as well as plasma high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) were measured pre and post exercise. In the broken duathlon trial (BD) cardiac measurements and blood samples were also taken between each leg. In the unbroken duathlon (UD) participants performed each leg sequentially. Duathlon exercise resulted in similar cardiac functional and biomarker alterations as previously reported in triathlon and standalone running and cycling exercise. Cardiac troponins were still elevated following 24 h−1 of recovery. However, functional changes were resolved within 24 h−1 of passive recovery and did not impair subsequent duathlon performance, or pre‐exercise measurements 7 days after the first trial. Whether or not elite or recreational athletes experience the same magnitude and reversibility of these changes remains to be elucidated further.
The Role of the German Armed Forces in the Finnish War of Independence in 1918
Authors: Alenius Kari
Published: December 2024

The Grand Duchy of Finland was the first region to declare independence from the Russian Empire in the final stages of the First World War. However, the declaration of independence in December 1917 was insufficient, and Finland fought a war of independence until the country’s sovereignty and its democratic political system were finally secured. The fiercest phase of the war was in the spring of 1918. The main parties were, on one hand, the Finnish left, which received support from the Russian Bolsheviks, and on the other hand, the non-socialist groups supported by Germany. The German armed forces played a significant role in the fact that the war ended with the victory of the Finnish democratic government. Previous research has investigated thoroughly the details of the military operations by the German forces, but the role and importance of the German armed forces in the overall picture of the war has received relatively little attention. This article analyses in more detail what kind of contribution the German troops made. There are indications that their importance was greater than most scholars have estimated.
The Anti-Soviet Offensive by the German 6th Reserve Corps in the Baltic (March 1919): A Case Study of Mission Command
Authors: Kuzmins Valdis
Published: December 2024

Following the Bolshevik Red Army’s invasion of what it considered to be the ‘western fringes’ of the former Imperial Russia in November 1918, the Latvian Provisional Government, which claimed part of this territory, concluded an agreement with August Winnig, the plenipotentiary of the German government, on 29 December 1918, to provide aid in its defence. After being promised land, volunteers recruited in Germany headed eastwards to reinforce the units that had already begun to be formed there from the forces of the armed Baltic Germans or the remnants of the retreating German army. Major General Rüdiger von der Goltz, who arrived in Liepāja at the beginning of 1919, took command of all anti-Soviet forces in west Latvia and northwest Lithuania, which were merged into the 6th Reserve Corps. In March 1919, the 6th Reserve Corps launched the Tauwetter, Eisgang and Frühlingswind offensive operations. The offensive resulted in the defeat of the 1st Rifle Brigade and the 2nd Rifle Division of the Soviet Latvian Army, and the liberation of Kurzeme (Kurland) up to the River Lielupe. The article discusses the structure and battle strength of the opposing forces, and the plans drawn up by both sides, and describes in detail the course of the fighting. The aim of the research is to analyse the factors that enable one side or another to implement the principles of mission command while executing manoeuvre warfare.
The Baltic Regiment in the Estonian War of Independence, 1918–1920. A Question of Loyalty
Authors: Kopõtin Igor
Published: December 2024

This article examines the Baltic Regiment, a military unit of Baltic Germans that served under the Estonian army in the Estonian War of Independence, fighting against the Bolshevik Red Army. It focuses on issues of loyalty and the complex relationships between the Baltic Regiment, the Estonian military leadership and Estonian society. Before Estonia declared independence in 1918, the Baltic Germans were the ruling class in Estonian society, and centuries of tension between them and the Estonian population created challenges for cooperation during the war. These strained relations led the Estonian military leadership to assign the Baltic Regiment to the Russian White Army, keeping the unit at a distance from Estonia. Despite this, the Baltic Regiment fought courageously as part of the Estonian forces and earned recognition, both locally and internationally, as an elite and highly effective combat unit. After the war, the Estonian commander-in-chief General Laidoner highlighted the Baltic Regiment as an example of successful cooperation between Estonia’s diverse ethnic groups.
The Archaeology and Heritage of the First World War and the Wars of Independence in Lithuania: The State of Research and Future Prospects
Authors: Petrauskas Gediminas
Published: December 2024

The archaeological investigations of First World War sites that began in the United Kingdom at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries expanded the concept of Great War research, laid the foundations for the development of modern conflict archaeology, and shaped its theoretical and methodological approaches. In Lithuania, the sites of the First World War (1914–1918) and the Wars of Independence (1919–1920) have not attracted much interest among researchers, and there are almost no published studies to date. This article focuses on the legacy of the First World War and the Wars of Independence in Lithuania, for the first time providing an overview of the archaeological research carried out up to 2023 in trenches, battlefields, and sites of death and burial, analysing the context of the research and presenting its results. Drawing on the experience of the archaeology of the First World War in other countries, the author discusses the state of the research and its future prospects, and offers a definition of the archaeology of the First World War and the Wars of Independence in Lithuania.
The Latvian Women’s Relief Corps during the Latvian War of Independence, 1919–1920
Authors: Bērziņa-Kite Aiga
Published: December 2024

Significant changes in the social position of women in Europe, including Latvia, began in the 19th century, and peaked during the First World War. In Latvia, however, the momentum intensified during the War of Independence following the Great War, as women became increasingly involved in political, social and even military activities. They not only joined medical services and took on administrative roles, but also actively supported the Latvian army through their work with the Latvian Women’s Relief Corps (LWRC). Established in September 1919, the LWRC quickly became the most prominent and the largest women’s organisation in Latvia, earning recognition as the country’s first mass women’s association. This article discusses the founding and the activities of the LWRC during the Latvian War of Independence, including its contributions to supply, catering, sanitation, soldiers’ entertainment, social work, and more.
TESSITURAS ENTRE A ANTROPOLOGIA E A ARQUEOLOGIA NO BRASIL: ENTREVISTA COM PEDRO PAULO ABREU FUNARI
Authors: Sanches Pedro Luís Machado
Published: December 2024

CLIQUE EM PDF PARA ACESSAR O ARQUIVO
NATO IN THE ARCTIC: INCENTIVES AND IMPEDIMENTS
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Danilov Dmitry
Published: December 2024

The escalating geopolitical confrontation between the Euro-Atlantic and Russia fundamentally determines the Arctic agenda. The security dilemma in the Arctic, which was previously considered in the paradigm of the common interest of non-militarization and cooperation, is becoming rather more acute. The changing approaches of Arctic actors to defining security policy are changing dramatically, primarily in all countries that have formed the Arctic Council (AC), especially after Finland and Sweden joining in NATO. Russia is faced not only with Western Arctic players’ attempts to push it away from planning and implementing a multilateral Arctic policy, but also with growing risks of violating the existing strategic stability and balances in the Northern Arctic area. The article examines the dilemmas of NATO’s activation in the High North. It is shown that the factors that hampered the framing by the alliance of a collective Arctic strategy retain their significant impact. However, the motivation for NATO’s activation there is noticeably increasing, and the NATO/Arctic discourse is becoming increasingly substantive. The U.S. is strengthening military cooperation with its northern allies, including the new ones, on a bilateral basis, but keeps open a window of opportunity to strengthen NATO as an organization in the Arctic.
Cortical Beta Power Reflects the Influence of Pavlovian Cues on Human Decision-Making
Authors: Finotti Gianluca , Degni Luigi A. E. , Badioli Marco , Dalbagno Daniela , Starita Francesca , Bardi Lara , Huang Yulong , Wei Junjie , Sirigu Angela , Gazzola Valeria , di Pellegrino Giuseppe , Garofalo Sara
Published: December 2024

Reward-predictive cues can affect decision-making by enhancing instrumental responses toward the same (specific transfer) or similar (general transfer) rewards. The main theories on cue-guided decision-making consider specific transfer as driven by the activation of previously learned instrumental actions induced by cues sharing the sensory-specific properties of the reward they are associated with. However, to date, such theoretical assumption has never been directly investigated at the neural level. We hypothesize that such reactivation occurs within the premotor system and could be mapped by lateralized beta (12–30 Hz) desynchronization, a widely used marker of action selection and decision-making policy. To test this hypothesis, 42 participants (22 females) performed a pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer paradigm, while electroencephalographic activity was recorded. We anticipated increased beta desynchronization during the transfer phase when cues promoting specific transfer were presented, compared with cues predicting general transfer and neutral cues. The evidence collected confirmed our hypothesis, thus providing the first neural evidence in favor of the theorized reactivation of instrumental actions and corroborating the presence of two dissociable neural pathways underpinning specific and general transfer.
Promjena kulturne ponude splitskih muzeja nakon pandemije virusa COVID-19
Authors: Gandolfo Alessandro , Močić Benetti Irena
Published: December 2024

Cilj. Cilj je istraživanja ispitati dugoročne posljedice pandemije COVID-19 na kulturnu ponudu splitskih muzeja te utvrditi način na koji su marketinške strategije doprinijele pretvaranju dramatičnog razdoblja krize u priliku za poboljšanje usluga i učinkovitijeg upravljanja muzejima.
Metodologija. Rad se temelji na kvalitativnom istraživanju. Nakon prikupljanja sekundarnih podataka o muzejskoj ponudi grada Splita prije i nakon pandemije, provedeno je pet produbljenih intervjua sa stručnjacima iz područja muzeologije. Na koncu su prikupljeni i uspoređeni javno objavljeni podatci vezani za opseg aktivnosti u mrežnom okruženju prije i nakon pandemije.
Rezultati. Nakon početnog šoka izazvanog ograničenjima mobilnosti ljudi tijekom karantene, a koja je drastično smanjila aktivnost muzeja, uslijedila je oštra reakcija uprava muzeja. Potraga za rješenjima za izlazak iz krize pogodovala je rađanju ideja i razvoju strategija koje su dovele do važnih promjena unutar kulturne ponude splitskih muzeja. Istraživanje je posebno istaknulo da je pandemija virusa COVID-19 proširila kulturni sadržaj koji se nudi u mrežnom okruženju, poboljšavajući sposobnost muzeja da dopru do šire publike (osobito u inozemstvu), ali i povećala sklonost javnosti za korištenje digitalnih tehnologija za uživanje u različitim kulturnim sadržajima.
Ograničenja. Iako ispitanici, ravnatelji ustanova s velikim iskustvom, predstavljaju mjerodavan izvor informacija, a uzorak od pet muzeja pokriva značajan dio muzejske ponude grada Splita, uključenje preostalih gradskih muzeja, ali i posjetitelja, zasigurno bi donijelo nove značajne spoznaje.
Praktična primjena. Analiza uspješno uvedenih promjena i inovacija nakon razdoblja pandemije može potaknuti muzeje (ne samo one u gradu Splitu) na proširenje korištenja novih tehnologija. Iskustvo je pandemije, naime, istaknulo važnost koju društveni mediji imaju u poboljšanju sposobnosti muzeja da komuniciraju s javnošću, dosežu nove potencijalne posjetitelje, čineći iskustvo posjeta muzeju bogatijim i zanimljivijim.
Društveni značaj. Ovaj je rad istaknuo kako je marketing podržao reakciju i sposobnost prilagodbe javnosti i uprave muzeja suočenih s ozbiljnom kriznom situacijom. Identificirana rješenja mogu predstavljati smjernice za postupanje u sličnim situacijama i za druge ustanove (primjerice za knjižnice).
Originalnost/vrijednost. Rad donosi rezultate istraživanja jednog od rijetkih pokušaja ispitivanja dugoročnih učinaka pandemije na funkcioniranje informacijskih ustanova, poput muzeja i knjižnica.
Pristup izradi biobibliografskog leksikona uz primjere iz knjige Bakarski zaslužnici u 19. i 20. stoljeću
Authors: Jelušić Srećko , Luzer Josip
Published: December 2024

Cilj. Cilj je rada pružiti uvid u leksikografska načela i teorijska polazišta za izradu biografskih i biobibliografskih leksikona.
Pristup/metodologija/dizajn. Metodološki, rad se temelji na pregledu i vrednovanju relevantne leksikografske literature, te na iskustvima i zaprekama na koje su autori nailazili u pisanju Bakarskih zaslužnika (Bakar: Grad Bakar, 2023). Daju se detaljni primjeri sastavnih dijelova izrađenih natuknica s obrazloženjima. Opisuje se na koji su se način pronalazili i provjeravali podatci koji su korišteni za izradu pojedine natuknice, posebno u suradnji s djelatnicima baštinskih institucija i pojedincima koji su u rodbinskim ili drugim vezama s osobama uvrštenima u knjigu.
Praktična primjena. Osim budućim autorima, rad je namijenjen i studentima informatologije, knjižničarstva i arhivistike, kako bi na jednom mjestu imali uvid u složenost teorijskog okvira i praktičnih postupaka u izradi biografskih leksikona. Budućim autorima lokalnih biografskih leksikona može biti od koristi s obzirom na primijenjenu metodologiju i isticanje zapreka na koje su autori nailazili.
Originalnost/vrijednost. Originalnost rada sastoji se u nastojanju da se problematiziraju dosadašnje teorijske spoznaje iz leksikografske heuristike te da se na osnovi konkretnih primjera ilustrira rad na osmišljavanju i izradi lokalnog biografskog leksikona, s posebnim naglaskom na problematiku strukturiranja leksikografske natuknice.
Potencijal konzervatorsko-restauratorske dokumentacije kao izvora informacija za knjižnični katalog
Authors: Singer Đuro , Milošević Sanda , Štefanac Tamara
Published: December 2024

Cilj. Cilj je rada pokazati kako konzervatorsko-restauratorska dokumentacija može pridonijeti obujmu i vrijednosti informacija koje donosi knjižnični katalog. Konzervatorsko-restauratorska dokumentacija može biti vrijedan izvor informacija pružajući podatke o stanju, povijesti i očuvanju građe. Dostupnost tih informacija promiče transparentnost i posvećenost brizi o kulturnoj baštini.
Pristup/metodologija/dizajn. Istraživanje uključuje analizu pravnog okvira, etičkog kodeksa i smjernica kako bi se pokazala odgovornost stručnjaka koji se bave zaštitom kulturne baštine te izdvojene slučajeve knjižničnih i konzervatorskih zapisa izrađenih u Nacionalnoj i sveučilišnoj knjižnici u Zagrebu. Osim toga, prikazujemo razvoj konzervatorsko-restauratorske dokumentacije kroz primjere iz povijesti, razvoj pisanih obrazaca i tehnologije uz poseban prikaz kontinuiranog razvoja i strukture baze podataka, odnosno dokumentacijske djelatnosti Odjela Zaštita i pohrana u Nacionalnoj i sveučilišnoj knjižnici u Zagrebu.
Rezultati. Rad problematizira čest nesrazmjer raznovrsnosti podataka koji se nude korisnicima kroz kataloge i svih podataka koji bi im mogli biti dostupni kada bi se manje baze podataka koje se koriste u svakodnevnom poslovanju knjižica koristile kao izvor za dopunu kataloga. Takva otvorenost dijeljenjem informacija stvara dodatno povjerenje korisnika, ali i dokazuje da je očuvanje kulturne baštine jedan od osnovnih ciljeva knjižnica.
Originalnost/vrijednost. Rad predstavlja znanja stečena višegodišnjim radom na konzervatorsko-restauratorskoj dokumentaciji i potencijal dostupnih podataka za knjižnične kataloge i slične sustave. Iako ponekad konzervatorsko-restauratorska dokumentacija može sadržavati osjetljive informacije pa posebnu pozornost treba posvetiti tome što može i treba biti javno dostupna informacija, u praktičnom smislu, ne postoje velike zapreke koje bi spriječile da se informacija o postojanju dokumentacije koristi u knjižničnom katalogu koji je korisnicima i istraživačima osnovni izvor informacija o knjižničnoj građi. S obzirom na vrijednost građe koja se čuva u zbirkama posebne vrste Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu i posebnu pozornost koja se posvećuje njezinu čuvanju, originalnost je i vrijednost nastale konzervatorsko-restauratorske dokumentacije neupitna. Rad donosi analizu i usporedbe zapisa o istoj jedinici baštinske građe koje su izradili knjižničari s onima koje su izradili konzervatori te predlaže mogućnosti objedinjavanja informacija. Dodatno, u radu se iznosi povijesni pregled razvoja konzervatorsko-restauratorske dokumentacije u Nacionalnoj i sveučilišnoj knjižnici u Zagrebu što daje uvid budućim istraživačima povijesti konzervacije i restauracije na primjeru nacionalne knjižnice.
Uvodna riječ
Authors: Lakuš Jelena
Published: December 2024

Uvodna riječ za broj 15, 1 (2024).
The uses of imagination directed thoughts in medicine based on the equivalence of mass and information
Authors: Pehlivan Mustafa
Published: December 2024

The simplest evidence that what we do today affects the future is our request and motivation in thinking makes us discover and invent that affects Science, Humanity and the world. The purpose of this article is to introduce theoretical proof that will be useful in improving mental health based on the formulas of Jerzy Achimowicz (2018). These formulas can be well applied to the fields of Brain research, Neurology, Neuropharmacology and for diagnosis, detection, prediction and evidence based Medicine. It is expected that the outlined methods can provide common goals, applicable inventions and practices for Medicine, Pharmacy, Physiology, Pharmacology and Medical and Molecular Biology.
Edema perifisario focal en una adolescente: reporte de un caso
Authors: Navarro Carlos , Sarzosa Santiago , Paternina  Carballo Juan David
Published: December 2024

Las lesiones FOPE (focal periphyseal edema) son hallazgos infrecuentes, descritas, por primera vez, en 2011, por Zbojniewicz y Laor, como áreas de edema en la médula ósea centradas en la fisis de las rodillas de adolescentes que están cerca de la madurez esquelética. Esto es relevante, ya que el dolor de rodilla es un motivo común de consulta de los adolescentes y, en muchos de estos casos, el examen físico y las radiografías no revelan los hallazgos suficientes para dar un diagnóstico específico, y se opta por indicar un tratamiento para resolver los síntomas, sin una etiología clara. Se presenta el caso de una adolescente de 13 años con dolor anterior de rodilla unilateral, sin antecedente de trauma o enfermedades de base, que había sido evaluada en otras oportunidades, sin que se llegara a un diagnóstico. Una resonancia magnética muestra hallazgos específicos y se diagnostica lesión o zona FOPE. Se administra un tratamiento sintomático.
Resolución del caso
Authors: Ramírez Suárez Reynier , Tan Suárez Norys , Pagés Morales Nidhessy
Published: December 2024

Los nódulos calcificados idiopáticos se originan por el acúmulo de material mineralizado en el interior de un trombo por estancamiento vascular. Son poco comunes en la región maxilofacial. Estas calcificaciones pueden pasar inadvertidas durante mucho tiempo, a menos que su crecimiento altere la imagen facial, son evidentes en hallazgos radiográficos que se traducen como cuerpos radiopacos redondeados. La conducta por seguir, en la mayoría de los casos, es el seguimiento por la ausencia de sintomatología.
Dr. Carlos Firpo (1930-2024)
Authors: Varaona Oscar
Published: December 2024

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Primera edición del curso “Fundamentos de la Revisión por Pares”
Authors: Ricciardi Guillermo Alejandro
Published: December 2024

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CRKL Gene Deletion in Familial Zinner (OSVIRA) and OHVIRA Syndromes
Authors: Rhodes Hannah L. , Bownass Lucy , Smithson Sarah F. , Woodward Mark N.
Published: December 2024

We present the first description of a family in which 2 siblings show alternative expression of CRKL gene deletion as the phenotypes of Zinner (OSVIRA, obstructed seminal vesicle and ipsilateral renal agenesis) and OHVIRA (obstructed hemivagina with an ipsilateral renal anomaly) syndromes. The male infant with Zinner syndrome and his sister aged 5 years with OHVIRA syndrome both have a paternally inherited 703-kb deletion at chromosome 22q11.21 that includes CRKL. This observation supports Acien’s hypothesis that the upper vagina has an embryological dual origin and furthermore substantiates the theory that Zinner (OSVIRA) is the male equivalent of OHVIRA in females.
HOW AN EFL TEXTBOOK TEACH LEARNERS’ PRAGMATIC SKILL
Authors: Emiliasari Raynesa Noor , Kailani Ahmad , Lukmana Iwa
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As a language learning resource, an English as a foreign language (EFL) or English as a second language (ESL) textbook plays a pivotal role in students’ pragmatic development. There has been a plethora of studies conducted to evaluate the quality of textbooks across the countries regarding the proportional content of pragmatic uses. However, there is still no evidence of the study in Indonesia. Thus, to fill this void, the study aims to explore types of speech acts included in an EFL coursebook for senior high school students and to what extent those speech acts meet students’ learning needs. This study employs a qualitative content analysis method, with one nationally mandated English textbook for senior high school students chosen and analysed. The analysis included categorizing dialogues in the textbook using Searle's (1976) Speech Act Theory, which comprises directive, commissive, representative/assertive, declarative, and expressive speech acts. The research findings indicate that the pragmatic content in the coursebook is still inadequate. This inadequacy may affect students’ pragmatic development since proportional use of all types of speech acts would help learners use an appropriate speech act in an appropriate social setting. There is a call for more studies on the evaluation of EFL textbooks which use textbooks from all grades at senior high school level.

Keyword: EFL textbook, pragmatics, speech act analysis