bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEPP Deficiency Contributes to Browning of White Adipose Tissue
Authors: Guo Fusheng , Zhu Yanlin , Han Yaping , Feng Xuhui , Pan Zhifu , He Ying , Li Yong , Jin Lihua
Published: June 2022

Decidual protein induced by progesterone (DEPP) was originally identified as a modulator in the process of decidualization in the endometrium. Here, we define that DEPP is involved in adipose tissue thermogenesis, which contributes to metabolic regulation. Knockdown of DEPP suppressed adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, induced expression of brown adipose tissue (BAT) markers in primary brown adipocyte and induced mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) differentiation to brown adipocytes. Moreover, DEPP deficiency in mice induced white adipocyte browning and enhanced BAT activity. Cold exposure stimulated more browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and maintained higher body temperature in DEPP knockout mice compared to that in wild-type control mice. DEPP deficiency also protected mice against high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that DEPP competitively binds SIRT1, inhibiting the interaction between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Collectively, these findings suggest that DEPP plays a crucial role in orchestrating thermogenesis through regulating adipocyte programs and thus might be a potential target for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
Functional Allele Validation by Gene Editing to Leverage the Wealth of Genetic Resources for Crop Improvement
Authors: Thomson Michael J. , Biswas Sudip , Tsakirpaloglou Nikolaos , Septiningsih Endang M.
Published: June 2022

Advances in molecular technologies over the past few decades, such as high-throughput DNA marker genotyping, have provided more powerful plant breeding approaches, including marker-assisted selection and genomic selection. At the same time, massive investments in plant genetics and genomics, led by whole genome sequencing, have led to greater knowledge of genes and genetic pathways across plant genomes. However, there remains a gap between approaches focused on forward genetics, which start with a phenotype to map a mutant locus or QTL with the goal of cloning the causal gene, and approaches using reverse genetics, which start with large-scale sequence data and work back to the gene function. The recent establishment of efficient CRISPR-Cas-based gene editing promises to bridge this gap and provide a rapid method to functionally validate genes and alleles identified through studies of natural variation. CRISPR-Cas techniques can be used to knock out single or multiple genes, precisely modify genes through base and prime editing, and replace alleles. Moreover, technologies such as protoplast isolation, in planta transformation, and the use of developmental regulatory genes promise to enable high-throughput gene editing to accelerate crop improvement.
Studies on the Effect of Graphene Oxide Deposited on Gold and Nickel Microsieves on Prostate Cancer Cells DU 145
Authors: Nasiłowska Barbara , Bogdanowicz Zdzisław , Kasprzycka Wiktoria , Bombalska Aneta , Mierczyk Zygmunt
Published: June 2022

This work shows the effect of graphene oxide deposition on microsieves’ surfaces of gold and nickel foils, on DU 145 tumor cells of the prostate gland. The sieves were made by a laser ablation process. The graphene oxide (GO) deposition process was characterized by the complete covering of the inner edges of the microholes and the flat surface between the holes with GO. Electron microscanning studies have shown that due to the deposition method applied, graphene oxide flakes line the interior of the microholes, reducing the unevenness of the downstream surfaces during the laser ablation process. The presence of graphene oxide was confirmed by Fourier infrared spectroscopy. During the screening (sieving) process, the microsieves were placed in a sieve column. Gold foil is proven to be a very good material for the screening of cancer cells, but even more so after screening as a substrate for re-culture of the DU 145. This allows a potential recovery of the cells and the development of a targeted therapy. The sieved cells were successfully grown on the microsieves used in the experiment. Graphene oxide remaining on the surface of the nickel sieve has been observed to increase the sieving effect. Although graphene oxide improved separation efficiency by 9.7%, the nickel substrate is not suitable for re-culturing of the Du 145 cells and the development of a targeted therapy compared to the gold one.
Arsenic Trioxide and Venetoclax Synergize against AML Progenitors by ROS Induction and Inhibition of Nrf2 Activation
Authors: Hoang Dinh Hoa , Buettner Ralf , Valerio Melissa , Ghoda Lucy , Zhang Bin , Kuo Ya-Huei , Rosen Steven T. , Burnett John , Marcucci Guido , Pullarkat Vinod , Nguyen Le Xuan Truong
Published: June 2022

Venetoclax (VEN) in combination with hypomethylating agents induces disease remission in patients with de novo AML, however, most patients eventually relapse. AML relapse is attributed to the persistence of drug-resistant leukemia stem cells (LSCs). LSCs need to maintain low intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Arsenic trioxide (ATO) induces apoptosis via upregulation of ROS-induced stress to DNA-repair mechanisms. Elevated ROS levels can trigger the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway to counteract the effects of high ROS levels. We hypothesized that ATO and VEN synergize in targeting LSCs through ROS induction by ATO and the known inhibitory effect of VEN on the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Using cell fractionation, immunoprecipitation, RNA-knockdown, and fluorescence assays we found that ATO activated nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and increased transcription of antioxidant enzymes, thereby attenuating the induction of ROS by ATO. VEN disrupted ATO-induced Nrf2 translocation and augmented ATO-induced ROS, thus enhancing apoptosis in LSCs. Using metabolic assays and electron microscopy, we found that the ATO+VEN combination decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondria size, fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation, all of which enhanced apoptosis of LSCs derived from both VEN-sensitive and VEN-resistant AML primary cells. Our results indicate that ATO and VEN cooperate in inducing apoptosis of LSCs through potentiation of ROS induction, suggesting ATO+VEN is a promising regimen for treatment of VEN-sensitive and -resistant AML.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Genes Involved in the GA Signal Transduction Pathway in ‘duli’ Pear (Pyrus betulifolia Bunge)
Authors: Song Pingli , Li Gang , Xu Jianfeng , Ma Qingcui , Qi Baoxiu , Zhang Yuxing
Published: June 2022

Gibberellic acid (GA) is an important phytohormone that regulates every aspect of plant growth and development. While elements involved in GA signaling have been identified and, hence, their functions have been well studied in model plants, such as Arabidopsis and rice, very little is known in pear. We, therefore, analyzed the genes related to GA signaling from the recently sequenced genome of the wildtype ‘duli’ pear (Pyrus betulifolia Bunge), a widely used rootstock for grafting in pear cultivation in China due to its vigorous growth and resistance to abiotic and biotic stress. In total, 15 genes were identified, including five GA receptors PbGID1s (GA-INSENSTIVE DWARF 1), six GA negative regulators, PbDELLAs, and four GA positive regulators, PbSLYs. Exogenous application of GA could promote the expression of PbGID1s but inhibit that of PbDELLAs and PbSLYs in tissue culture ‘duli’ pear seedlings. The expression profiles of these genes in field-grown trees under normal growth conditions, as well as in tissue-cultured seedlings treated with auxin (IAA), GA, paclobutrazol (PAC), abscisic acid (ABA), and sodium chloride (NaCl), were also studied, providing further evidence of the involvement of these genes in GA signaling in ‘duli’ pear plants. The preliminary results obtained in this report lay a good foundation for future research into GA signaling pathways in pear. Importantly, the identification and preliminary functional verification of these genes could guide molecular breeding in order to obtain the highly desired dwarf pear rootstocks for high-density plantation to aid easy orchard management and high yielding of pear fruits.
Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids for Guidance of Personalized Drug Therapies in Recurrent Glioblastoma
Authors: Ratliff Miriam , Kim Hichul , Qi Hao , Kim Minsung , Ku Bosung , Azorin Daniel Dominguez , Hausmann David , Khajuria Rajiv K. , Patel Areeba , Maier Elena , Cousin Loic , Ogier Arnaud , Sahm Felix , Etminan Nima , Bunse Lukas , Winkler Frank , El-Khoury Victoria , Platten Michael , Kwon Yong-Jun
Published: June 2022

An obstacle to effective uniform treatment of glioblastoma, especially at recurrence, is genetic and cellular intertumoral heterogeneity. Hence, personalized strategies are necessary, as are means to stratify potential targeted therapies in a clinically relevant timeframe. Functional profiling of drug candidates against patient-derived glioblastoma organoids (PD-GBO) holds promise as an empirical method to preclinically discover potentially effective treatments of individual tumors. Here, we describe our establishment of a PD-GBO-based functional profiling platform and the results of its application to four patient tumors. We show that our PD-GBO model system preserves key features of individual patient glioblastomas in vivo. As proof of concept, we tested a panel of 41 FDA-approved drugs and were able to identify potential treatment options for three out of four patients; the turnaround from tumor resection to discovery of treatment option was 13, 14, and 15 days, respectively. These results demonstrate that this approach is a complement and, potentially, an alternative to current molecular profiling efforts in the pursuit of effective personalized treatment discovery in a clinically relevant time period. Furthermore, these results warrant the use of PD-GBO platforms for preclinical identification of new drugs against defined morphological glioblastoma features.
Effects of Early Life Exposure to Sex Hormones on Neurochemical and Behavioral Responses to Psychostimulants in Adulthood: Implications in Drug Addiction
Authors: Elgueta-Reyes Maximiliano , Velásquez Victoria B. , Espinosa Pedro , Riquelme Raúl , Dib Tatiana , Sanguinetti Nicole K. , Escobar Angélica P. , Martínez-Pinto Jonathan , Renard Georgina M. , Sotomayor-Zárate Ramón
Published: June 2022

Early life exposure to sex hormones affects several brain areas involved in regulating locomotor and motivation behaviors. Our group has shown that neonatal exposure to testosterone propionate (TP) or estradiol valerate (EV) affected the brain dopamine (DA) system in adulthood. Here, we studied the long-lasting effects of neonatal exposure to sex hormones on behavioral and neurochemical responses to amphetamine (AMPH) and methylphenidate (MPD). Our results show that AMPH-induced locomotor activity was higher in female than male control rats. The conditioned place preference (CPP) to AMPH was only observed in EV male rats. In EV female rats, AMPH did not increase locomotor activity, but MPD-induced CPP was observed in control, EV and TP female rats. Using in vivo brain microdialysis, we observed that AMPH-induced extracellular DA levels were lower in nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of EV and TP female rats than control rats. In addition, MPD did not increase NAcc extracellular DA levels in EV rats. Using in vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in striatum, MPD-induced DA reuptake was higher in EV than control rats. In summary, our results show that early life exposure to sex hormones modulates mesolimbic and nigrostriatal DA neurons producing opposite neurochemical effects induced by psychostimulant drugs in NAcc or striatum.
HATS5m as an Example of GETAWAY Molecular Descriptor in Assessing the Similarity/Diversity of the Structural Features of 4-Thiazolidinone
Authors: Zapadka Mariusz , Dekowski Przemysław , Kupcewicz Bogumiła
Published: June 2022

Among the various methods for drug design, the approach using molecular descriptors for quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) bears promise for the prediction of innovative molecular structures with bespoke pharmacological activity. Despite the growing number of successful potential applications, the QSAR models often remain hard to interpret. The difficulty arises from the use of advanced chemometric or machine learning methods on the one hand, and the complexity of molecular descriptors on the other hand. Thus, there is a need to interpret molecular descriptors for identifying the features of molecules crucial for desirable activity. For example, the development of structure–activity modeling of different molecule endpoints confirmed the usefulness of H-GETAWAY (H-GEometry, Topology, and Atom-Weights AssemblY) descriptors in molecular sciences. However, compared with other 3D molecular descriptors, H-GETAWAY interpretation is much more complicated. The present study provides insights into the interpretation of the HATS5m descriptor (H-GETAWAY) concerning the molecular structures of the 4-thiazolidinone derivatives with antitrypanosomal activity. According to the published study, an increase in antitrypanosomal activity is associated with both a decrease and an increase in HATS5m (leverage-weighted autocorrelation with lag 5, weighted by atomic masses) values. The substructure-based method explored how the changes in molecular features affect the HATS5m value. Based on this approach, we proposed substituents that translate into low and high HATS5m. The detailed interpretation of H-GETAWAY descriptors requires the consideration of three elements: weighting scheme, leverages, and the Dirac delta function. Particular attention should be paid to the impact of chemical compounds’ size and shape and the leverage values of individual atoms.
A Near-Infrared BODIPY-Based Rhomboidal Metallacycle for Imaging-Guided Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Zhang Jinjin , Yu Jialin , Li Wen , Fan Yiqi , Li Yang , Sun Yan , Yin Shouchun , Stang Peter J.
Published: June 2022

Although boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based metallacycles are expected to be promising candidates for imaging probes and therapeutic agents, their biomedical applications are restricted by their short absorption/emission wavelengths. In this work, we report a rhombic metallacycle M with broad absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) range and emissions at wavelengths >800 nm, which exhibits an efficient photothermal conversion capacity. Metallacycle M was encapsulated via Pluronic F127 to fit the biotic environment, resulting in the generation of F127/M nanoparticles (NPs) with high hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. In vitro studies demonstrated that the F127/M NPs underwent efficient cellular uptake and exhibited satisfactory photothermal therapeutic activity. Furthermore, in vivo experiments revealed that tumor growth was effectively inhibited, and the degree of undesirable biological damage was minimal in treatment with F127/M NPs and laser irradiation. Finally, the F127/M NPs could be visualized through NIR fluorescence imaging in living mice, thereby allowing their distribution to be monitored in order to enhance treatment accuracy during photothermal therapy. We envision that such BODIPY-based metallacycles will provide emerging opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic agents for biomedical applications.
Colour Response in Western Flower Thrips Varies Intraspecifically
Authors: Lopez-Reyes Karla , Armstrong Karen F. , Teulon David A. J. , Butler Ruth C. , van Dooremalen Coby , Roher Monika , van Tol Robert W. H. M.
Published: June 2022

Discrepancies in the published research as to the attraction of the economically important pest western flower thrips (WFT) to different colours confounds the optimisation of field traps for pest management purposes. We considered whether the different experimental conditions of independent studies could have contributed to this. Therefore, the behavioural response (i.e., landings) to different colour cues of two WFT laboratory populations from Germany (DE) and The Netherlands (NL), which had previously been independently shown to have different colour preferences, were tested in the same place, and under the same experimental conditions. Single-choice wind tunnel bioassays supported previous independent findings, with more of a NL population landing on the yellow LED lamp (588 nm) than the blue (470 nm) (p = 0.022), and a not-statistically significant trend observed in a DE population landing more on blue compared to yellow (p = 0.104). To account for potential original host rearing influences, both populations were subsequently established on bean for ~20 weeks, then yellow chrysanthemum for 4–8 and 12–14 weeks and tested in wind tunnel choice bioassays. Laboratory of origin, irrespective of the host plant rearing regime, remained a significant effect (p < 0.001), with 65% of the NL WFT landing on yellow compared to blue (35%), while 66% of the DE WFT landed on blue compared to yellow (34%). There was also a significant host plant effect (p < 0.001), with increased response to yellow independent of laboratory of origin after rearing on chrysanthemum for 12–14 weeks. Results suggest that differing responses of WFT populations to colour is, in this case, independent of the experimental situation. Long-term separate isolation from the wild cannot be excluded as a cause, and the implications of this for optimising the trap colour is discussed.
A LAMP Assay for the Detection of Thecodiplosis japonensis, an Alien Gall Midge Species Pest of Pine Trees
Authors: Jiao Jipeng , Ren Lili , Chen Rumin , Tao Jing , Luo Youqing
Published: June 2022

Pine needle gall midge (T. japonensis), native to Japan, has become a serious invasive pest in South Korea and, more recently in 2006, in China. It was first discovered in Qingdao, Shandong Province, and has caused serious damage to local Pinus thunbergii. The insect’s small size makes morphological-based identification difficult; therefore, molecular detection techniques are urgently needed for monitoring and preventing its further spread. At present, there is no simple and accurate field molecular identification tool. To solve this problem, a LAMP-based molecular diagnosis technology of T. japonensis was developed. Four LAMP primers were designed to specifically amplify T. japonensis DNA. Positive LAMP reactions usually produce amplification in one hour. The optimal incubation conditions for LAMP detection were determined with 4 LAMP primers for 60 min at 61 °C. The LAMP detection range of gDNA concentrations is wide, with a minimum detectable gDNA concentration of 300 fg. A non-destructive DNA-releasing procedure, HotSHOT “HS6”, which could extract “crude DNA” for LAMP assay in 10 min, was used for larval and adult samples. Therefore, we established a LAMP-based rapid molecular identification method that can be applied in the monitoring and management of T. japonensis.
The Use of Radioactive Tracers to Detect and Correct Feed Flowrate Imbalances in Parallel Flotation Banks
Authors: Henríquez Felipe , Maldonado Luis , Yianatos Juan , Vallejos Paulina , Díaz Francisco , Vinnett Luis
Published: June 2022

This work presents the application of radioactive tracers to detect and correct feed flowrate imbalances in parallel rougher flotation banks. Several surveys were conducted at Minera Los Pelambres concentrator, in banks consisting of 250 m3 mechanical flotation cells. The feed pulp distribution was estimated from the mean residence times, which were obtained from residence time distribution measurements. The tracer was injected in the feed distributor and the inlet and outlet tracer signals of cells 1 and 2 were measured by on-stream sensors. The baseline condition for the pulp distribution was defined by the valve settings in the feed distributor, which led to an unbalanced condition for two parallel rougher banks, with 34% of the pulp being fed to bank A and 66% to bank B. New valve configurations were evaluated, with a fraction of the feed being directed to the rougher bank C, which was not initially fed from the same distributor. The feed distribution was finally balanced with 49% of the pulp being fed to bank A versus 51% to bank B. Thus, the radioactive traces proved to be a powerful tool to industrially detect and improve feed distributions in parallel flotation circuits.
Physical Activity Energy Expenditure Predicts Quality of Life in Ambulatory School-Age Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Lee Jinuk , Suk Min-Hwa , Yoo Soojin , Kwon Jeong-Yi
Published: June 2022

Background: Participation in physical activities is positively associated with better quality of life in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The objective of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the intensity of habitual physical activity (HPA) measured with an accelerometer and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in school-age children with CP. Method: A secondary analysis of the cross-sectional data of 46 ambulatory children with CP was conducted. The participants wore an accelerometer for seven days to measure HPA: activity counts (counts/min) and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE, kcal/kg/day), as well as %moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (%MVPA), %light intensity physical activity (%LPA), and %sedentary physical activity (%SPA) were measured. Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 Generic Core Scales and Child Health Questionnaire Parent Form 50 Questions (CHQ-PF50) were used to measure HRQOL. A Pearson analysis and a hierarchical regression analysis were performed. Results: PAEE significantly predicted the results of the PedsQL(child) physical domain (β = 0.579, p = 0.030), PedsQL(child) emotional domain (β = 0.570, p = 0.037), PedsQL(child) social domain (β = 0.527, p = 0.043), and PedsQL(child) total (β = 0.626, p = 0.017). However, other HPA parameters could not predict any other HRQOL. Conclusions: PAEE could be used as a biomarker in studies on HRQOL and HPA in ambulatory school-age children with CP.
A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Zinellu Angelo , Zinellu Elisabetta , Pau Maria Carmina , Carru Ciriaco , Pirina Pietro , Fois Alessandro G. , Mangoni Arduino A.
Published: June 2022

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) predicts adverse outcomes in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, its prognostic role in acute exacerbations (AECOPD) is less clear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between the NLR on admission and adverse outcomes (mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, transfer to the intensive care unit, length of stay, pulmonary hypertension, or their combination) in AECOPD by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to April 2022. Risk of bias and certainty of evidence were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist and the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, respectively. In 15 studies (n = 10,038 patients), the NLR was significantly associated with the risk of adverse outcomes (odds ratio = 1.054, 95% CI 1.016 to 1.093, p = 0.005; low certainty of evidence; standard mean difference = 0.82, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.06, p < 0.001; high certainty of evidence). Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were 0.71 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.77), 0.73 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.80), and 0.78 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.81), respectively. In our study, the NLR on admission was significantly associated with adverse outcomes in AECOPD patients, suggesting the potential utility of this biomarker for early risk stratification and management in this group.
The Impacts of the Clinical and Genetic Factors on Chronic Damage in Caucasian Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
Authors: Ceccarelli Fulvia , Olivieri Giulio , Pirone Carmelo , Ciccacci Cinzia , Picciariello Licia , Natalucci Francesco , Perricone Carlo , Spinelli Francesca Romana , Alessandri Cristiano , Borgiani Paola , Conti Fabrizio
Published: June 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of organ damage in a cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and to evaluate the roles of clinical and genetic factors in determining the development of chronic damage. Methods: Organ damage was assessed by the SLICC Damage Index (SDI). We analyzed a panel of 17 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of genes already associated with SLE, and we performed a phenotype–genotype correlation analysis by evaluating specific domains of the SDI. Results: Among 175 Caucasian SLE patients, 105 (60%) exhibited damage (SDI ≥1), with a median value of 1.0 (IQR 3.0). The musculoskeletal (26.2%), neuropsychiatric (24.6%) and ocular domains (20.6%) were involved most frequently. The presence of damage was associated with higher age, longer disease duration, neuropsychiatric (NP) manifestations, anti-phospholipid syndrome and the positivity of anti-dsDNA. Concerning therapies, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil and glucocorticoids were associated with the development of damage. The genotype–phenotype correlation analysis showed an association between renal damage, identified in 6.9% of patients, and rs2205960 of TNFSF4 (p = 0.001; OR 17.0). This SNP was significantly associated with end-stage renal disease (p = 0.018, OR 9.68) and estimated GFR < 50% (p = 0.025, OR 1.06). The rs1463335 of MIR1279 gene was associated with the development of NP damage (p = 0.029; OR 2.783). The multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed the associations between TNFSF4 rs2205960 SNP and renal damage (p = 0.027, B = 2.47) and between NP damage and rs1463335 of MIR1279 gene (p = 0.014, B = 1.29). Conclusions: Our study could provide new insights into the role of genetic background in the development of renal and NP damage.
Key Advances in Intensive Care and the Coronavirus Disease-19 Research and Practice Boost
Authors: Mentzelopoulos Spyros D. , Adamos George
Published: June 2022

Components of intensive care include resuscitation, cardiorespiratory stabilization, reversal of organ/system dysfunction or failure, treatment of the underlying pathology, weaning from external support of vital organs, and supportive interventions (e [...]
Changes in the Choroidal Thickness following Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Chung Yoo-Ri , Lee Su Jeong , Song Ji Hun
Published: June 2022

We evaluated the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB) on choroidal thickness, and studied its association with the therapeutic response in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). The clinical features of 78 eyes with chronic CSC treated with IVB from October 2014 to June 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Visual acuity (VA), central retinal thickness (CRT), and sub-foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) were analyzed at baseline, 1 month following initial IVB, and the last follow-up examination. Cases showing complete recovery (resolved eyes; n = 60) were compared with those with persistent subretinal fluid (refractory eyes; n = 18). The relationship between the potential risk factors and subretinal fluid resolution was examined using logistic regression. SFCT was significantly decreased along with the CRT following IVB at the resolved state. SFCT reduction following 1 month of IVB was notably greater in the resolved eyes. The association of refractory eyes with hypertension (p = 0.003) and a thinner baseline SFCT (p = 0.024) was significant. In most of the patients with chronic CSC, VA and CRT remarkably improved following treatment with IVB. Early changes in the SFCT following IVB were associated with the therapeutic response. Patients with hypertension and a thinner baseline SFCT could be unresponsive to IVB.
Comment on Ceruti et al. Temporal Changes in the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 788
Authors: Böning Dieter , Bloch Wilhelm , Kuebler Wolfgang M.
Published: June 2022

Ceruti et al. describe in their article very low standard half saturation pressures (P50) in COVID-19 patients, calculated with the Dash et al. equations. By using the Hill equation and Severinghaus‘ coefficients we obtained normal values. The authors who do not present a pathophysiological cause for their results should explain this discrepancy. Independent of the absolute values a continuous moderate decrease of P50 in the surviving patients might be of clinical importance.
Reliability-Based Criterion for Evaluating Explicit Approximations of Colebrook Equation
Authors: Easa Said M. , Lamri Ahmed A. , Brkić Dejan
Published: June 2022

Numerous explicit approximations of the Colebrook equation have been developed and evaluated based on two criteria: prediction accuracy and computational efficiency. This paper introduces a new evaluation criterion based on the reliability of each equation. The reliability is defined by the coefficient of variation (CV) of the explicit friction factor that is a function of the variabilities of component random variables (roughness height of the internal pipe surface and kinematic viscosity of the fluid). The coefficient of variation of the friction factor depends on its first derivative for roughness height of the inner pipe surface and kinematic viscosity of the fluid and their correlation. Seven explicit approximations were evaluated using the new reliability-based criterion. The results show that all explicit approximations are very reliable, but variations exist regarding the reliability level. The reliabilities of the seven approximations is very close for the rough-flow regime and when the CV of the viscosity is minimal. However, for the smooth-flow regime, and when the CV of the roughness is minimal, various approximations showed substantially different reliabilities. The novelty of the proposed criterion is that it addresses an evaluation dimension that complements the accuracy and efficiency criteria.
Advances in Modelling and Analysis of Strength of Corroded Ship Structures
Authors: Woloszyk Krzysztof , Garbatov Yordan
Published: June 2022

The present study reviews the recent advances in modelling and analyses the strength of corroded ship structures. Firstly, the time-variant methodologies that consider only the mean structural element thickness loss due to corrosion degradation are identified. Corrosion degradation is regarded as the phenomenon that causes uneven thinning of specimens. This has been captured by various researchers as the loss of mechanical properties of structural steel components. A review of the existing experimental and numerical studies shows significant interest in this field of study. The advances in modelling and analysis of structural behaviours of different ship structural components of larger sizes (including plates, stiffened plates and panels, and entire hull girders) are outlined. Research on the impact of general and pitting corrosion degradation is reviewed separately since the phenomena are different in terms of modelling and analysis. Additionally, recent advances concerning the reliability analysis of corroded ship structural components have also been reviewed. Finally, the general conclusions are drawn and future research topics are outlined.
Polyphasic Characterization of Four Aspergillus Species as Potential Biocontrol Agents for White Mold Disease of Bean
Authors: Atallah Osama O. , Mazrou Yasser S. A. , Atia Mahmoud M. , Nehela Yasser , Abdelrhim Abdelrazek S. , Nader Maha M.
Published: June 2022

The genus Aspergillus comprises several species that play pivotal roles in agriculture. Herein, we morphologically and physiologically characterized four genetically distinct Aspergillus spp., namely A. japonicus, A. niger, A. flavus, and A. pseudoelegans, and examined their ability to suppress the white mold disease of bean caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro and under greenhouse conditions. Seriation type of Aspergillus spp. correlates with conidiospores discharge as detected on the Petri glass lid. Members of Nigri section cover their conidial heads with hard shells after prolonged incubation. In addition, sporulation of the tested Aspergillus isolates is temperature sensitive as it becomes inhibited at low temperatures and the colonies become white. Examined Aspergillus spp. were neither infectious to legumes nor aflatoxigenic as confirmed by HPLC except for A. flavus and A. pseudoelegans which, secreted 5 and 1 ppm of aflatoxin B1, respectively. Co-inoculations of Sclerotinia’s mycelium or sclerotia with a spore suspension of Aspergillus spp. inhibited their germination on PDA at 18 °C and 28 °C, and halted disease onset on detached common bean and soybean leaves. Similarly, plants treated with A. japonicus and A. niger showed the highest survival rates compared to untreated plants. In conclusion, black Aspergillus spp. are efficient biocides and safe alternatives for the management of plant diseases, particularly in organic farms.
Prognostic Significance of Perineural Invasion in Patients with Stage II/III Gastric Cancer Undergoing Radical Surgery
Authors: Chen Yi-Fu , Wang Shan-Yu , Le Puo-Hsien , Chen Tsung-Hsing , Kuo Chia-Jung , Lin Chun-Jung , Chou Wen-Chi , Yeh Ta-Sen , Hsu Jun-Te
Published: June 2022

The prognostic significance of perineural invasion in patients with gastric cancer (GC) is controversial. This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of perineural invasion in patients with stage II/III GC undergoing radical surgery. A total of 1913 patients with stage II/III GC who underwent curative resection between 1994 and 2015 were recruited. Clinicopathological factors, tumor recurrence patterns, disease-free survival, and cancer-specific survival were compared in terms of perineural invasion. The prognostic factors of disease-free survival and cancer-specific survival were determined using univariate and multivariate analyses. Perineural invasion was found in 57.1% of the patients. Age of <65 years, female sex, large tumor size, upper tumor location, total gastrectomy, advanced tumor invasion depth and nodal involvement, greater metastatic to examined lymph node ratio, undifferentiated tumor, and presence of lymphatic or vascular invasion were significantly associated with perineural invasion. The patients with perineural invasion had higher locoregional/peritoneal recurrence rates than those without. Perineural invasion was independently associated with disease-free survival and cancer-specific survival. In conclusion, perineural invasion positivity is associated with aggressive tumor behaviors and higher locoregional/peritoneal recurrence rates in patients with stage II/III GC undergoing curative surgery. It is an independent unfavorable prognostic factor of disease recurrence and cancer-specific survival.
Spatial Distribution of Optimal Plant Cover and Its Influencing Factors for Populus simonii Carr. on the Bashang Plateau, China
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Wei , Li Shaodan , Xie Baoni , Shi Fangzhong , Zhao Jianxia
Published: June 2022

The Bashang Plateau is the core zone of the agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China and represents an ecological barrier for preventing the invasion of wind-blown sand in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. Increasing plant cover to control soil erosion is an effective measure to address land degradation; however, plant cover is different from climatic conditions. In this study, we determined the optimal spatial distribution of Populus simonii Carr., which is a widely planted species used for revegetation on the Bashang Plateau. A modified Biome-BGC model was used to simulate the dynamics of the net primary productivity (NPP), actual evapotranspiration (AET), and leaf-area index (LAI). The model was validated using field-observed tree-ring and MODIS AET and NPP data. The dynamics of AET, NPP and LAI for P. simonii at 122 representative sites in the study area for the period 1980–2019 were simulated by the validated model. The results showed that the spatial distributions of mean AET, NPP, and LAI generally decreased from southeast to northwest. The ranges of optimal plant cover in terms of maximum LAI for P. simonii were 3.3 in the Fengning–Weichang area, 1.9 in the Shangyi–Zhangbei–Guyuan area and 1.3 in the Kangbao area. Mean annual precipitation (MAP), elevation, soil texture and mean annual temperature were the main factors influencing the distribution of AET, NPP and LAI. As the MAP decreased, the correlations between AET, NPP, LAI and precipitation gradually decreased. In different subregions, the factors influencing optimal-plant-cover distribution varied significantly. These quantitative findings provide the optimal plant cover for the dominant tree in different subregions and provide useful information for land degradation management on the Bashang Plateau.
The Spatiotemporal Evolution of Ecological Security in Border Areas: A Case Study of Southwest China
Authors: Hu Zheneng , Qian Meijun , Teng Xianghe , Zhang Zhuoya , Zhong Fanglei , Cheng Qingping , Wen Chuanhao
Published: June 2022

Fewer studies on ecological security (ES) in border areas limit the synergistic development of border areas in the context of rapid globalization. The study of ES in border areas of southwest China can enrich the evaluation methods, summarize the knowledge related to ES in border areas, and provide references for similar areas in the world. Therefore, twenty-five international border counties in Yunnan Province were selected to establish a system to evaluate ES; an entropy weight TOPSIS model was used to evaluate the changes in ES from 2004 to 2019. Then, an obstacle degree model was used to diagnose the factors affecting ES. The state of ES was predicted by a gray prediction model (GM) (1,1) in 2025 and 2030. The results show that an improving ES situation presented a spatial distribution pattern of high to low from the southwest to the west and east. Various factors, including fixed assets investment, per-capita fiscal revenue, per-capita GDP, food production, and water regulation, created obstacles to a desirable ES in the study area. Although the ES of border areas will maintain an upward trend under the existing development model, the number of counties that will reach a secure state of ES in 2025 and 2030 is predicted to only be 1 and 2, respectively.
Land Use Multi-Functionality and Zoning Governance Strategy of Densely Populated Areas in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River: A Case Study of the Lanzhou–Xining Region, China
Authors: Luo Jun , Zhang Xuebing , Shi Peiji
Published: June 2022

With rapid urbanization, the interactions between human and land are becoming more and more intense, which leads to increasingly diversified land use and intensifies the conflicts among land use functions (LUFs). However, land use multi-functionality (LUMF) of densely populated areas (DPAs) in less developed regions has not been studied in depth. The objective of our study is to build a multi-functional conceptual framework for land use, and establish a comprehensive evaluation indicator system to assess LUMF. We took the Lanzhou–Xining Region (LXR) as a case area, which is a DPA in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. We established 36 indicators from the dimensions of status and trend of agricultural, economic, social, and ecological functions, to perform analysis on the LUMF using the entropy weight method (EWM) and the coupling degree method (CDM). The results show that land use in the LXR is multi-functional, that LUFs are developing in an uneven manner, and that the spatial distribution of LUFs differs greatly. We find that the multi-functional level of land use in the LXR is low. There are no dominant functions in 12 counties and districts. There are spatial conflicts among LUFs. To maintain sustainable land use, we proposed a functional zoning scheme and put forward corresponding governance strategies.
4D-Dynamic Representation of DNA/RNA Sequences: Studies on Genetic Diversity of Echinococcus multilocularis in Red Foxes in Poland
Authors: Bielińska-Wąż Dorota , Wąż Piotr , Lass Anna , Karamon Jacek
Published: June 2022

The 4D-Dynamic Representation of DNA/RNA Sequences, an alignment-free bioinformatics method recently developed by us, has been used to study the genetic diversity of Echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes in Poland. Sequences of three mitochondrial genes, i.e., NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (nad2), cytochrome b (cob), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), are analyzed. The sequences are represented by sets of material points in a 4D space, i.e., 4D-dynamic graphs. As a visualization of the sequences, projections of the graphs into 3D space are shown. The differences between 3D graphs corresponding to European, Asian, and American haplotypes are small. Numerical characteristics (sequence descriptors) applied in the studies can recognize the differences. The concept of creating descriptors of 4D-dynamic graphs has been borrowed from classical dynamics; these are coordinates of the centers or mass and moments of inertia of 4D-dynamic graphs. Based on these descriptors, classification maps are constructed. The concentrations of points in the maps indicate one Polish haplotype (EmPL9) of Asian origin.
Chromatographic Profile and Redox-Modulating Capacity of Methanol Extract from Seeds of Ginkgo biloba L. Originating from Plovdiv Region in Bulgaria
Authors: Petrov Lubomir , Alexandrova Albena , Argirova Mariana , Tomova Teodora , Georgieva Almira , Tsvetanova Elina , Mileva Milka
Published: June 2022

Oxidative stress underlies the pathogenesis of many diseases, which determines the interest in natural substances with antioxidant properties. Ginkgo biloba L. leaves are well known and widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, but the therapeutic properties of the seeds are less studied. This study aimed to identify the chromatographic profile and to evaluate the antioxidant properties of methanol extract from seeds of G. biloba (GBSE). In the GBSE, flavonoids and terpenes were found as terpenes predominated. The GBSE antioxidant capacity determined by 2,2 azino-bis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods were equal to 1.34% and 0.58% of the activity of reference substance Trolox, respectively. The results of the ferric reducing antioxidant power method showed that the effect of concentration 1 mg/mL (w/v) GBSE was equal to 7.418 mM FeSO4 used as a standard. The cupric reducing antioxidant capacity activity of the GBSE was found to be 215.39 µmol Trolox/g GBSE and is presented as Trolox equivalent. The metal chelation effect of 1 mg/mL (w/v) GBSE was equal to that obtained for 0.018 mM EDTA. In conclusion, GBSE showed a good ability to neutralize ABTS and DPPH radicals and could have a beneficial effect in pathological conditions with oxidative stress etiology.
Towards a Standard Approach for the Twin Disc Testing of Top-Of Rail Friction Management Products
Authors: White Ben , Lee Zing Siang , Lewis Roger
Published: June 2022

A wheel/rail friction coefficient that is too low can result in damage to the wheel and rail due to slips and slides, delays and safety concerns. A friction coefficient that is too high can result in excessive wear, noise and rolling contact fatigue. Changing contact and environmental conditions cause variations in wheel/rail friction, so friction management products, applied via wayside or on-board applicators, are used to either increase or decrease the friction coefficient so that an improved level is reached. They can be split into three classes; traction enhancers, lubricants and top-of-rail products (including water-based, oil/grease-based and hybrid products). This paper focuses on top-of-rail products and describes the different apparatus, contact conditions, product application methods and result interpretation that have been used to test these products and highlights the requirement for a more standardised test method. A proposed test method is outlined, which uses a twin disc test rig to collect “effective level of friction” and “retentivity” data to assess product effectiveness. More comparable and standardised data will ensure that maximum benefit is obtained from each set of results and help both product development and the approvals process.
2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-d-xylofuranose
Authors: Taffoureau Baptiste , Gillaizeau Isabelle , Retailleau Pascal , Nicolas Cyril
Published: June 2022

The synthesis and crystallization of 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-d-xylofuranose permitted us to isolate the alpha anomer with a small contamination of the beta form (ca 10%), whose first crystallographic structure obtained in the P212121 space group was determined at 100 K up to a resolution of sin θmax/λ = 0.71 Å−1 and refined to an R1 value of 0.0171 with a Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR) approach.
Oxidation Damage Evolution in Low-Cycle Fatigue Life of Niobium-Stabilized Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Choi Wan-Kyu , Ha Sangyul , Kim Jong-Cheon , Park Jong-Cheon , Gong Aokai , Kim Tae-Won
Published: June 2022

Austenitic stainless steel is a vital material in various industries, with excellent heat and corrosion resistance, and is widely used in high-temperature environments as a component for internal combustion engines of transportation vehicles or power plant piping. These components or structures are required to be durable against severe load conditions and oxidation damage in high-temperature environments during their service life. In this regard, in particular, oxidation damage and fatigue life are very important influencing factors, while existing studies have focused on materials and fracture behavior. In order to ensure the fatigue life of austenitic stainless steel, therefore, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of the fracture process with microstructural change including oxidation damage according to the temperature condition. In this work, low-cycle fatigue tests were performed at various temperatures to determine the oxidation damage together with the fatigue life of austenitic stainless steel containing niobium. The characteristics of oxidation damage were analyzed through microstructure observations including scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the X-ray diffraction patterns. In addition, a unified low-cycle fatigue life model coupled with the fracture mechanism-based lifetime and the Neu-Sehitoglu model for considering the influence of damage by oxidation was proposed. After the low-cycle fatigue tests at temperatures of 200–800 °C and strain amplitudes of 0.4% and 0.5%, the accuracy of the proposed model was verified by comparing the test results with the predicted fatigue life, and the validity by using the oxidation damage parameters for Mar-M247 was confirmed through sensitivity analysis of the parameters applied in the oxidation damage model. As a result, the average thickness of the oxide layer and the penetration length of the oxide intrusion were predicted with a mean error range of 14.7% and 13%, respectively, and the low-cycle fatigue life was predicted with a ±2 factor accuracy at the measurement temperatures under all experimental conditions.