bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Swelling‐Mediated Mechanical Stimulation Regulates Differentiation of Adipose‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Intervertebral Disc Repair Using Injectable UCST Microgels
Authors: Huang Xianpeng , Chen Di , Liang Chengzhen , Shi Kesi , Zhou Xiaopeng , Zhang Yuang , Li Yi , Chen Jiangjie , Xia Kaishun , Shu Jiawei , Yang Biao , Wang Jingkai , Xu Haibin , Yu Chao , Cheng Feng , Wang Shaoke , Zhang Yongxiang , Wang Chenggui , Ying Liwei , Li Hao , Han Meiling , Li Fangcai , Tao Yiqing , Zhao Qian , Chen Qixin
Published: October 2022

Mechanical stimulation is an effective approach for controlling stem cell differentiation in tissue engineering. However, its realization in in vivo tissue repair remains challenging since this type of stimulation can hardly be applied to injectable seeding systems. Here, it is presented that swelling of injectable microgels can be transformed to in situ mechanical stimulation via stretching the cells adhered on their surface. Poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) microgels with the upper critical solution temperature property are fabricated using inverse emulsion polymerization and further coated with polydopamine to increase cell adhesion. Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) adhered on the microgels can be omnidirectionally stretched along with the responsive swelling of the microgels, which upregulate TRPV4 and Piezo1 channel proteins and enhance nucleus pulposus (NP)‐like differentiation of ADSCs. In vivo experiments reveal that the disc height and extracellular matrix content of NP are promoted after the implantation with the microgels. The findings indicate that swelling‐induced mechanical stimulation has great potential for regulating stem cell differentiation during intervertebral disc repair.
A Bioinspired Orthopedic Biomaterial with Tunable Mechanical Properties Based on Sintered Titanium Fibers
Authors: Rüger Matthias , Seitz Andreas Martin , Nuss Katja , von Rechenberg Brigitte , Seitz Daniel , Kostmann Cris , Quadbeck Peter , Andersen Olaf , Collins Caitlyn
Published: October 2022

Inadequate mechanical compliance of orthopedic implants can result in excessive strain of the bone interface, and ultimately, aseptic loosening. It is hypothesized that a fiber‐based biometal with adjustable anisotropic mechanical properties can reduce interface strain, facilitate continuous remodeling, and improve implant survival under complex loads. The biometal is based on strategically layered sintered titanium fibers. Six different topologies are manufactured. Specimens are tested under compression in three orthogonal axes under 3‐point bending and torsion until failure. Biocompatibility testing involves murine osteoblasts. Osseointegration is investigated by micro‐computed tomography and histomorphometry after implantation in a metaphyseal trepanation model in sheep. The material demonstrates compressive yield strengths of up to 50 MPa and anisotropy correlating closely with fiber layout. Samples with 75% porosity are both stronger and stiffer than those with 85% porosity. The highest bending modulus is found in samples with parallel fiber orientation, while the highest shear modulus is found in cross‐ply layouts. Cell metabolism and morphology indicate uncompromised biocompatibility. Implants demonstrate robust circumferential osseointegration in vivo after 8 weeks. The biometal introduced in this study demonstrates anisotropic mechanical properties similar to bone, and excellent osteoconductivity and feasibility as an orthopedic implant material.
Drug Delivery in Plants Using Silk Microneedles
Authors: Cao Yunteng , Koh Sally Shuxian , Han Yangyang , Tan Javier Jingheng , Kim Doyoon , Chua Nam‐Hai , Urano Daisuke , Marelli Benedetto
Published: October 2022

New systems for agrochemical delivery in plants will foster precise agricultural practices and provide new tools to study plants and design crop traits, as standard spray methods suffer from elevated loss and limited access to remote plant tissues. Silk‐based microneedles can circumvent these limitations by deploying a known amount of payloads directly in plants’ deep tissues. However, plant response to microneedles’ application and microneedles’ efficacy in deploying physiologically relevant biomolecules are unknown. Here, it is shown that gene expression associated with Arabidopsis thaliana wounding response decreases within 24 h post microneedles’ application. Additionally, microinjection of gibberellic acid (GA3) in A. thaliana mutant ft‐10 provides a more effective and efficient mean than spray to activate GA3 pathways, accelerating bolting and inhibiting flower formation. Microneedle efficacy in delivering GA3 is also observed in several monocot and dicot crop species, i.e., tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), rice (Oryza Sativa), maize (Zea mays), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and soybean (Glycine max). The wide range of plants that can be successfully targeted with microinjectors opens the doors to their use in plant science and agriculture.
P‐Type 2D Semiconductors for Future Electronics
Authors: Xiong Yunhai , Xu Duo , Feng Yiping , Zhang Guangjie , Lin Pei , Chen Xiang
Published: October 2022

2D semiconductors represent one of the best candidates to extend Moore's law for their superiorities, such as keeping high carrier mobility and remarkable gate‐control capability at atomic thickness. Complementary transistors and van der Waals junctions are critical in realizing 2D semiconductors‐based integrated circuits suitable for future electronics. N‐type 2D semiconductors have been reported predominantly for the strong electron doping caused by interfacial charge impurities and internal structural defects. By contrast, superior and reliable p‐type 2D semiconductors with holes as majority carriers are still scarce. Not only that, but some critical issues have not been adequately addressed, including their controlled synthesis in wafer size and high quality, defect and carrier modulation, optimization of interface and contact, and application in high‐speed and low‐power integrated devices. Here the material toolkit, synthesis strategies, device basics, and digital electronics closely related to p‐type 2D semiconductors are reviewed. Their opportunities, challenges, and prospects for future electronic applications are also discussed, which would be promising or even shining in the post‐Moore era.
Hygroscopy of Single‐Stranded DNA Nano‐Brushes: Atomic Workings of its Hydration‐Induced Deformation
Authors: Ortega Maria , Vilhena J. G. , Pérez Rubén
Published: October 2022

Hydration control of structure and mechanical properties is a process widely exploited in living organisms for key biological functions and, most recently, also in man‐made smart materials. Here, the challenge of unveiling the underlying atomistic mechanisms of this phenomenon using all‐atom Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to model the hygroscopic properties of polymer‐brushes composed by single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules is faced. The simulations identify three swelling regimes with a markedly different mechanical response. This evolution is produced by the competition between the formation of additional water–ssDNA and water–water hydrogen bonds, in a subtle interplay with the co‐evolving structure of the ssDNA SAM. This cooperative interaction between conformational and hydration degrees of freedom should be applicable to other polymer brushes and related hydrogen‐bonded systems. The results have direct implications for the use of ssDNA SAMs as sequencing devices, explaining the crucial role of the polymer‐brush density in the SAM collective response to hydration, and for the alternative design of hygroscopic materials, that exploit the extreme hygroscopic power of biological polymers like ssDNA brushes.
Densification of Doped Zinc Oxide Nanocrystal Films via Chemical Bath Infiltration
Authors: Wainer Pierce , van Embden Joel , Della Gaspera Enrico
Published: October 2022

Colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) hold great promise for the fabrication of thin film devices due to the ability to precisely control their properties and deposit coatings via solution‐based protocols. The role of interfaces, surface defects, and (electrical) connectivity between NCs is a major bottleneck to achieving the desired performance. Here, a novel method to infiltrate and densify nanocrystalline coatings deposited from doped ZnO Ncs is presented. Reduced porosity, enhanced connectivity, and a reduction in surface defects are observed, culminating in vastly improved electrical conductivity. Doped ZnO NCs are processed into an ink and used for thin film deposition. Bulky native ligands are then removed from the film to promote better electrical contact between neighboring NCs and render their surfaces hydrophilic. Afterward, a modified chemical bath deposition (CBD) is adopted to slowly infill the pores between the NCs with pure ZnO via a controlled heterogeneous nucleation process. The optimized CBD avoids excessive surface growth and premature sealing of the film surface, confirmed by combined spectroscopic and morphological characterizations. The resultant hybrid films demonstrate enhanced electrical properties, with conductivity increasing by two orders of magnitude after pore infiltration. These results pave the way to hybrid functional coatings with enriched interparticle communication.
Ultrasensitive and Self‐Powered SnSe/Ge Heterojunction Photodetector Driven by Spontaneously Interfacial Excitation Transfer of Carriers
Authors: Li Jiao , Zhang Qi , Liu Fangjun , Su Lizhao , Zhang Hongbin
Published: October 2022

Binary chalcogenide semiconductor of SnSe with layer‐by‐layer phase opens up new opportunities for construction of versatile nanoelectronics and optoelectronics devices. The superior crystal properties make the layered SnSe compatible with traditional microfabrication techniques. Although several significant dynamic processes of carriers on 2D SnSe/Ge interface can be responsible for low‐dissipation devices with higher quantum efficiency, the controlled growth and photodetection application of SnSe/Ge heterojunction have rarely been investigated. Herein, the high‐quality 2D SnSe/Ge heterostructure with electronically abrupt interface is designed for the first time. A prominent photoluminescence quenching behavior is observed attributing to spontaneously interlayer transfer of long‐lived carriers under optical excitation. It is confirmed to be attractive for development of self‐powered photodetectors. Then, the ultrasensitive SnSe/Ge photodetector is explored, which shows a higher photocurrent up to 1.22 mA under 1064 nm illumination at 0.0 V. Meanwhile, it presents an obtainable responsivity of 0.51 A W−1, larger detectivity of 1.51 × 1011 Jones, and ultrashort response time of 5.47 µs in self‐driven mode. The study provides a profound understanding of interlayer excitation transfer mechanisms of long‐lived carriers inside SnSe/Ge heterojunction. The newly‐developed photodetector provides an essential step toward meeting the ever‐increasing demand for ultrafast and low‐dissipation optoelectronic devices.
A 3D Printed Compact and Intelligent Power Module Based on Vibration Energy Harvester Integrated with Self‐Powered Triboelectric Sensor for Industry 4.0 IoT Applications
Authors: Maharjan Pukar , Lee Sanghyun , Bhatta Trilochan , Pradhan Gagan Bahadur , Shrestha Kumar , Jeong Seonghoon , Rana SM Sohel , Park Jae Yeong
Published: October 2022

In industry 4.0, continuous condition monitoring is essential to keep the system well maintained and stable. However, current monitoring systems demand periodic replacement/recharging of batteries. Herein, a compact vibration‐driven intelligent power module is proposed with excellent energy harvesting and self‐powered vibration sensing capability for industrial 4.0 IoT applications. By implementing newly designed 3D printed flat‐circular Z‐shaped springs, excellent performance is achieved from electromagnetic vibration energy harvester (VEH), whereas the integrated triboelectric‐based self‐powered vibration sensor (SVS) on springs is used for real‐time detection and monitoring of machinery vibration conditions simultaneously. VEH can deliver a maximum peak power of 1.95 W at 16 Hz and demonstrates excellent performance under a wide range (10‐100 Hz), whereas SVS exhibits an excellent vibration sensitivity (2.85 V Hz–1, 3.41 V s2 m–1). The module is structurally and dimensionally like a standard D‐battery consisting of VEH, SVS, power management circuit (PMC), rechargeable Li‐Ion battery, and universal serial bus type‐c port (USB‐C). The module can sufficiently charge a built‐in battery from industry‐standard air‐pump motor and car engine vibrations such that the harvested energy from automobile engine vibration is successfully utilized to power multiple sensors (temperature, humidity, and pressure) and wireless transmission circuitries to realize a self‐powered smart wireless condition monitoring system.
Multication Tin‐Lead Perovskite Photodiodes with Engineered Lattice Strain for Ultrasensitive Broadband Photodetection
Authors: Zou Can , Zhou Ziren , Liu Xinyi , Zhang Fan , Xie Jin , Su Yonghua , Yang Shuang , Hou Yu
Published: October 2022

Tin‐lead alloyed perovskites with broadband absorption over 1000 nm, are suitable for UV‐vis‐NIR light detection that rivals the crystalline silicon semiconductors. These alloyed perovskites usually experience local lattice distortion and inherent lattice strain, which affect the electronic band structures and introduce detrimental trap states subsequently. To date, the lattice strain and its impact on the physical properties of tin‐lead alloyed perovskites are still less understood. Herein, it is shown that the lattice strain contributes substantially to the band edge electronic structure of multication tin‐lead alloyed perovskites by tilting the metal halide octahedral configuration. It has been found that the release of lattice strain heavily affects the band edge electronic structure of tin‐lead alloyed perovskites by reducing the band tail and shallow trap states as well as narrowing the bandgap simultaneously. Leveraging these insights, the optimized photodetector improves nearly 10‐fold the light detection limit to 0.49 pW cm−2, achieving a record detectivity of >6 × 1012 Jones in the near‐infrared range. The photodetectors on flexible substrates can be further integrated into an amplifier‐free wearable photoplethysmography device for real‐time heart rate and blood oxygen saturation monitoring, showing the promising potential for real applications.
Engineering the Polarization Sensitivity in All‐2D Photodetectors Composed of Semimetal MoTe2 and Semiconductor WS2
Authors: Wu Jing , Luo Dongxiang , Wen Peiting , Han Xiaoning , Wang Chuanglei , Yu He , Gao Wei , Liu Xiao , Konstantatos Gerasimos , Li Jingbo , Huo Nengjie
Published: October 2022

The polarization sensitivity, defined as the photocurrent anisotropic ratio, is of high importance for the polarization‐sensitive photodetectors that determine the resolution and contrast of captured images. Conventional polarized light detectors utilizing optical filters suffer from complex fabrication and calibration processes. 2D materials with in‐plane anisotropic structures can serve to realize the detection of polarized light, yet the polarization sensitivity still remains poor, hampering practical implementations. In this work, highly sensitive polarized photodetectors are achieved by designing an all‐2D device architecture composed of anisotropic semimetal MoTe2 and semiconductor WS2. In MoTe2/WS2 heterojunction, the built‐in electric field at the interface between a semimetal and a semiconductor yields a strong photovoltaic effect, leading to a fast (≈45 µs) and polarization‐sensitive photodetection due to the anisotropic features of MoTe2. It is shown that MoTe2/WS2/MoTe2 devices feature a polarization sensitivity of 13, a nearly five‐fold improvement by aligning the lattice orientation of side MoTe2 from cross to parallel configurations. This work offers a new degree of freedom to engineer the polarization sensitivity and photodetection performance by optimizing crystal orientation in an all‐2D architecture comprising semimetal and semiconducting 2D materials.
Efficient InP Green Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Organic Electron Transport Layer
Authors: Gao Peili , Zhang Yong , Qi Pan , Chen Shuming
Published: October 2022

ZnMgO thin film is commonly used as an electron transport layer (ETL) in quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs); however, it often induces the problems of interface exciton quenching and electron over‐injection in the devices. Herein, an organic molecule 2,4,6‐tris(3‐(diphenylphosphoryl)phenyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (PO‐T2T) is investigated as a ETL material for InP green QLEDs. Due to the high injection barrier and moderate electron mobility, the PO‐T2T can prevent electron over‐injection and accumulation in the InP QLEDs. Besides, with the organic ETL, the interfacial exciton quenching is effectively suppressed. By depositing the PO‐T2T using a solution‐assisted evaporation method, efficient InP green QLEDs are achieved, which exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency of 15.0% and a luminance of 10 010 cd m−2, corresponding to 211% and 237% enhancements, respectively, compared to 7.1% and 4207 cd m−2 of the devices with ZnMgO ETL.
Evidence and Impacts of Nanoplastic Accumulation on Crop Grains
Authors: Jiang Meng , Wang Binqiang , Ye Rui , Yu Ning , Xie Zhenming , Hua Yuejin , Zhou Ruhong , Tian Bing , Dai Shang
Published: October 2022

Nanoplastics are emerging pollutants of global concern. Agricultural soil is becoming a primary sink for nanoplastics generated from plastic debris. The uptake and accumulation of nanoplastics by crops contaminate the food chain and pose unexpected risks to human health. However, whether nanoplastics can enter grains and their impact on the grains of crop grown in contaminated soil is still unknown. Here, the translocation of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS‐NPs) in crops, including peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) is investigated. It is demonstrated PS‐NPs translocation from the root and accumulation in the grains at the maturation stage. The treatment with PS‐NPs (250 mg kg−1) increases the empty‐shell numbers of rice grain by 35.45%, thereby decreasing the seed‐setting rate of rice by 3.02%, and also decreases the average seed weight of peanuts by 3.45%. Moreover, PS‐NPs exerted adverse effects on nutritional quality, such as decreasing the content of mineral elements, amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acids. To the knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of nanoplastics in the grains of crop plants grown in soil containing nanoplastics, and the results highlight the impact of nanoplastics on the yield and nutritional quality of crop grains.
Programmable Photovoltaics of Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor Junction
Authors: Zhang Duan , Xu Shuting , Xu Zheqi , Qi Zhiying , Niu Yue , Yin Jianbo , Guo Yao
Published: October 2022

Programmability, fundamental to the computing of electronic systems, is traditionally achieved in processing and memory modules. Recently, the emergence of in‐sensor computing allows the programmability of the sensing modules and the process of raw data upon the sensor edge, which reduces data transport and energy consumption. Here, a programmable photodetector module with a tunable photoelectric response based on molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) junction for visible detection is reported. The sensor takes advantage of the tunable band alignment at the MOS junction and generates an adjustable or even reversible out‐of‐plane photovoltaic effect with high efficiency. This work provides new device configurations to architect the programmability of the photodetectors, and pave the way toward in‐sensor computing at the application edge.
Halide Diffusion Equilibrium and Its Impact on Efficiency Evolution of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Qing , Zheng Yichu , Wei Zhanpeng , Xie Jin , Zou Can , Liu Xinyi , Liu Da , Zhou Ziren , Yang Hua Gui , Yang Shuang , Hou Yu
Published: October 2022

Understanding the degradation mechanism of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is of particular importance to solve their instability issue, which is one of the major hindrances toward commercialization. Here, it is shown that a halide diffusion equilibrium exists at the heterointerface of perovskite devices, which strongly impacts the evolution of device performance. The combined experimental and theoretical studies reveal that halide components diffuse from perovskite to fullerene layers in a p‐i‐n PSC device and equilibrate with an iodine density of 1018–1019 cm−3 within 80 h under dark aging condition. It is found that there is a strong correction between the device efficiency and halide diffusion equilibrium of PSCs, as the diffused halides can chemically dope the transport layer and result in the nonstoichiometric perovskite surface, leading to both initial enhancement and long‐term loss of the photovoltaic efficiency of solar cells. In response to this issue, a predoping strategy is developed to attain the halide diffusion equilibrium once the device is fabricated, thereby avoiding the further halide migration and initial efficiency variations. As a result, the as‐prepared PSC achieved an efficiency of 23.13% as well as stable power output under continuous one sun illumination.
Comparison of plant proximal sensing approaches for nitrogen supply detection in crops
Authors: Rosso Pablo , Wallor Evelyn , Richter Lars , Wehrhan Marc
Published: October 2022

Nondestructive proximal sensors can be an efficient source of information of N status in crops for localized and rapid adjustment of fertilization applications. The aim of this study was to compare two transmittance/reflectance‐based sensors (SPAD, ASD) and a florescence‐based sensor (Multiplex) in their ability to measure N content in corn (Zea mays L.), spring and winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and rye (Secale cereale L.), both at the leaf and canopy level. Measurements of leaves and canopies from six fertilization field trials in 2019 and 2020 were analyzed to establish relationships between sensor information and laboratory‐determined N content in crops. Analyses included linear regression for single sensor variables and machine learning for multivariate approaches, to assess the relative accuracy of the proximal sensors to measure N. The ASD is time‐intensive and requires post hoc analyses of the spectra. However, the spectral outputs of this device were clearly correlated with the N status of leaves and canopies. At the leaf level, SPAD showed higher accuracy than any of the single Multiplex variables to predict plant N. Multiplex performance could be improved by combining three of its variables. At the canopy level, interpolated SPAD values and the best‐performing Multiplex variables showed similar accuracy. It could be concluded that the relationship sensor‐N status is species specific. Despite the high standard deviation recorded in some raw Multiplex variable, the derived indices showed a comparable low standard deviation. At both, leaf and canopy levels an integrated sensor solution would combine the multidimensionality of Multiplex and ASD, and the accuracy and practicality of SPAD.
Bayesian optimization of dynamic Ce(III) electrooxidation
Authors: Frey Daniel , Shin Ju Hee , Akin Adeola , Zhang Xinshu , Modestino Miguel A.
Published: October 2022

Cerium(III/IV) is a redox couple with promising applications in redox flow batteries and redox‐mediated water electrolyzers, but due to its high oxidation potential, parasitic oxygen evolution can occur and decrease the Faradaic efficiency (FE) of the oxidation reaction. Dynamic potential dosing can help balance the transport limitations and the electrooxidation rates, allowing for control over the cerium(III) concentration near the electrode, enhancing FE. Due to the large number of possible pulsing operating conditions, Bayesian optimization (BO) was used to rapidly identify the optimal potential pulses. With an active pulse voltage of 2.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl, the maximum FE achieved was 0.91 (active pulse time = 5 ms, resting pulse time = 136 ms), underscoring the need for long inactive times for cerium(III) diffusion to the electrode. Furthermore, a multiobjective BO was performed to identify optimal trade‐offs between FE and the partial current density to achieve improvements over constant current operation.
Gas Sensor Array with Pattern Recognition Algorithms for Highly Sensitive and Selective Discrimination of Trimethylamine
Authors: Ren Wenjie , Zhao Changhui , Niu Gaoqiang , Zhuang Yi , Wang Fei
Published: October 2022

Artificial senses like electronic nose, which ameliorates the problem of poor selectivity from single gas sensor, have elicited keen research interest to monitor hazardous gases. Herein, the doping effects of gallium on In2O3 nanotubes (NTs) are investigated and a four‐component sensor array for the detection of trimethylamine (TMA) is reported. All‐gallium‐doped/alloyed In2O3 (Ga‐In2O3) sensors show improved sensitivity and selectivity to TMA at an operating temperature of 240 °C, with 5 mol% Ga‐doped/alloyed one displaying the highest response in the range of 0.5–100 ppm and the lowest detection limit of 13.83 ppb. Based on the gas‐sensing properties, a four‐component sensor array is fabricated, which shows unique response patterns in variable‐gas backgrounds. Herein, back propagation neural network (BPNN), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), and principal component analysis‐based linear regression (PCA‐LR) are trained with the gas‐sensing data to discriminate different gases with high accuracy, as well as to predict the concentrations of target gases in different gases and gas mixtures. Furthermore, accuracies of 92.85% and 99.14% can be achieved for the classification of six gases (three single gases and three binary gas mixtures) and for the prediction of TMA concentrations in the presence of different concentrations of TMA and acetone, respectively.
A Magnetorheological Elastomer‐Based Proportional Valve for Soft Pneumatic Actuators
Authors: Wang Sihan , He Liang , Albini Alessandro , Zhang Peizhi , Maiolino Perla
Published: October 2022

The interest in soft pneumatic actuators has been growing rapidly in robotics, owing to the contact adaptability with the material softness. However, these actuators are mostly controlled by rigid electronic pneumatic valves, which can hardly be integrated into the robot itself, limiting its mobility and adaptability. Recent advances in soft or electronics‐free valve designs provide the potential to achieve an integrated soft robotic system with reduced weight and rigidity. Nevertheless, the challenge in valve response remains open. To enable dynamic control of a soft pneumatic actuator (SPA), a fast‐response proportional valve is needed. Herein, the potential of Ecoflex‐based magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) membrane to create a proportional valve that can be used in the control of a soft robot made from the same silicone material is explored. Experimental characterization shows that the proposed MRE valve (30 mm × 30 mm × 15 mm, 30 grams) can hold pressure up to 41.3 kPa and regulate the airflow in an analog manner. The valve is used to perform closed‐loop proportional–integral–differential (PID) control with 50 Hz on a SPA and is able to control the pressure within the actuator chamber with a root‐mean‐square error of 0.05 kPa.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Vittayawacharin Pongthep , Kongtim Piyanuch , Ciurea Stefan O.
Published: October 2022

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogenous group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell neoplasms primarily affecting older persons, associated with dysplastic changes of bone marrow cells, peripheral cytopenias, and various risk of leukemic transformation. Although treatment with several drugs has shown improved disease control, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) remains the only curative treatment for MDS. The number of patients receiving a transplant, as well as survival, have increased past years because of the use of reduce‐intensity conditioning regimens (RIC) as well as the use of haploidentical donors for transplantation. With treatment‐related mortality as main limitation, pre‐transplant evaluation is essential to assess risks for this older group of patients. In a recent randomized study, allo‐HSCT with RIC for patients >50 years old with higher‐risk MDS demonstrated superiority in survival compared with hypomethylating agents. Genetic mutations have been shown to significantly impact treatment outcomes including after transplant. Recently, a transplant‐specific risk score (which includes age, donor type, performance status, cytogenetic category, recipient's cytomegalovirus status, percentage of blasts, and platelet count) has shown superiority in transplantation outcome prediction, compared with previous scoring systems. Survival remains low for most patients with TP53 mutations and novel treatment strategies are needed, such as administration of natural killer cells post‐transplant, as there is no clear evidence that maintenance therapy after transplantation can improve outcomes.
Prevention of infections including vaccination strategies in multiple myeloma
Authors: Ludwig Heinz , Kumar Shaji
Published: October 2022

Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in multiple myeloma. The increased risk for bacterial and viral infections results mainly from the disease‐inherent and treatment‐induced immunosuppression. Additional risk factors are older age with immune senescence, T cell depletion, polymorbidity, and male gender. Hence, every effort should be taken to reduce the risk for infections by identifying patients at higher risk for these complications and by implementing prophylactic measures, including chemoprophylaxis and immunization against various relevant pathogens. Here, we review the available evidence and provide recommendations for medical prophylaxis and vaccination in clinical practice.
Application of a parallel laser apparatus to measure forearms and flanges of wild Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii)
Authors: Brown Ella R. , Laman Timothy G. , Kane Erin E. , Harwell Faye S. , Susanto Tri W. , Knott Cheryl D.
Published: October 2022

We constructed a parallel laser photogrammetry apparatus constructed from commercially available parts, and measured forearm lengths and flange widths of 16 wild Bornean orangutans. Our objectives were to validate our method and apparatus, discuss issues encountered, and construct preliminary growth curves. For adult males, we also compared flange width to forearm length as a way to investigate the relationship between body size and flange development. We used a camera cage around a DSLR camera, on top of which we attached two parallel green lasers. We estimated error with repeatability, accuracy, and interobserver reliability measures, and measured forearm lengths in three different ways to see which was most consistent. The longest forearm measure was the most repeatable (CV = 1.64%), and was similar to flange repeatability (3.50%). Accuracy measurements of a known object were high (error = 0.25%), and Interobserver discrepancy low (3.74%). Laser spacing increased with distance to the subject, but we corrected for this using calibration photos after each session. We transparently discuss the issues we encountered with the aim that this accessible method can help expand the use of laser photogrammetry. Preliminary measurements show that male flange widths and forearm length do not reliably increase in tandem, and that female growth plateaus at around the age at first birth (15 years old). We conclude with suggested improvements to the apparatus and method to ensure the lasers remain parallel.
Isotropic Anhydrous Superprotonic Conductivity Cooperated with Installed Imidazolium Molecular Motions in a 3D Hydrogen‐Bonded Phosphate Network
Authors: Dekura Shun , Mizuno Motohiro , Mori Hatsumi
Published: October 2022

Utilizing molecular motion is essential for the use of anhydrous superprotonic molecular proton conductors (σ beyond 10−4 S cm−1) as electrolytes in hydrogen fuel cells. However, molecular motion contributing to the improvement of intrinsic proton conduction has been limited and little clarified in relation to the proton conduction mechanism, limiting the development of material design guidelines. Here, a salt with a three‐dimensional (3D) hydrogen‐bonded (H‐bonded) phosphate network with imidazolium cations installed inside was studied, whose components are known to exhibit molecular motions that contribute to proton conduction. Despite its anisotropic H‐bonded network, the salt exhibits isotropic anhydrous superprotonic conductivity exceeding 10−3 S cm−1 at ≈351 K, which is the first example for organic molecular crystal. Variable‐temperature X‐ray structural analysis and solid‐state 2H NMR measurements revealed significant 3D molecular motion of imidazolium cations, which accelerate proton conduction via the 3D H‐bonded phosphate network.
Preparation and characterization of core‐shell structured nanocomposite materials and their adsorption behavior on U (VI) from aqueous solutions
Authors: Elhefnawy Olivea A. , Elabd Amira A.
Published: October 2022

Mixed metal hydroxide nanoparticles SnAlFe (OH)x (SAF) was prepared via a rapid coprecipitation method and used in coating two different cores MnO2 and TiO2 to form MnO2@SAF and TiO2@SAF. The prepared adsorbents were characterized carefully by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscope, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The prepared core‐shell nanocomposites used as new adsorbents for U (VI) removal from aqueous solutions in a series of batch experiments. The effect of pH, contact time, initial U (VI) concentration, and temperature were investigated on U (VI) adsorption process. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacities were 152.9 and 144.7 (mg/g) for MnO2@SAF and TiO2@SAF, respectively, with pH 7 and 293 K. The adsorption kinetics of U (VI) onto both prepared adsorbents followed pseudo‐second order and intra‐particle kinetic models. At the same time, the adsorption isotherms obeyed the Langmuir isotherm model. Thus, the kinetic and the isothermal data reveal the chemisorption of U (VI) on the prepared adsorbents. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG°) were calculated from the temperature‐dependent adsorption data. The U (VI) adsorption process on the prepared adsorbents is endothermic and spontaneous. The results show that the adsorbent materials maintain removal efficiency during the first two cycles of the adsorption‐regeneration cycle and then decrease slightly in the third cycle. The results indicate that the prepared adsorbents are potential and suitable candidates for U (VI) adsorption from aqueous solutions.
Electrospun polymeric membranes: Potential removal of endocrine disrupting compounds using solid membrane extraction and filtration processes
Authors: da Silveira Nectoux Aline , Medeiros Leonardo Ferreira , Leão Mayara Bitencourt , Fernandes Andreia Neves
Published: October 2022

The present study aims to prepare polymeric membranes by electrospinning to apply in the removal of estrone (E1), 17β‐estradiol (E2), and 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2) in aqueous samples. Polymeric membranes of polyamide‐6 (PA6), polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA), and poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) were obtained, characterized, and tested as sorbent material in processes of solid membrane extraction (SME) and membrane filtration. The efficiencies of the membranes after washing and/or conditioning processes were compared. The characterizations showed membranes with nanometer‐diameter threads (between 250 and 1200 nm, on average). The four membranes' morphology, chemical composition, and thermal stability were like previous works. PBAT membranes were considered the most effective SME technique as a differential, with 44%–71% removal. For the membrane filtration process, the highest removal values were obtained for the PBAT membrane (82%–91%), which was also efficient in filtering a surface water sample from River Guaíba. PBAT polymeric membrane effectively removes and recovers the studied hormones, lowering production costs and allowing internal and external modifications. These aspects demonstrate that the obtained membranes offer an efficient material in extracting E1, E2, and EE2, of high simplicity, low cost, and green chemistry.
Integrative Functional Genomics Identifies Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Causal Genetic Variant in the IRF5 Risk Locus
Authors: Hou Guojun , Zhou Tian , Xu Ning , Yin Zhihua , Zhu Xinyi , Zhang Yutong , Cui Yange , Ma Jianyang , Tang Yuanjia , Cheng Zhaorui , Shen Yiwei , Chen Yashuo , Zou Ling‐Hua , Wang Yong‐fei , Yin Zihang , Guo Ya , Ding Huihua , Ye Zhizhong , Shen Nan
Published: October 2022

Objective

IRF5 plays a crucial role in the development of lupus. Genome‐wide association studies have identified several systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) enriched in the IRF5 locus. However, no comprehensive genome editing–based functional analysis exists to establish a direct link between these variants and altered IRF5 expression, particularly for enhancer variants. This study was undertaken to dissect the regulatory function and mechanisms of SLE IRF5 enhancer risk variants and to explore the utilization of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat interference (CRISPRi) to regulate the expression of disease risk gene to intervene in the disease.

Methods

Epigenomic profiles and expression quantitative trait locus analysis were applied to prioritize putative functional variants in the IRF5 locus. CRISPR‐mediated deletion, activation, and interference were performed to investigate the genetic function of rs4728142. Allele‐specific chromatin immunoprecipitation–quantitative polymerase chain reaction and allele‐specific formaldehyde‐assisted isolation of regulatory element–quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to decipher the mechanism of alleles differentially regulating IRF5 expression. The CRISPRi approach was used to evaluate the intervention effect in monocytes from SLE patients.

Results

SLE risk SNP rs4728142 was located in an enhancer region, indicating a disease‐related regulatory function, and risk allele rs4728142‐A was closely associated with increased IRF5 expression. We demonstrated that an rs4728142‐containing region could act as an enhancer to regulate the expression of IRF5. Moreover, rs4728142 affected the binding affinity of zinc finger and BTB domain–containing protein 3 (ZBTB3), a transcription factor involved in regulation. Furthermore, in monocytes from SLE patients, CRISPR‐based interference with the regulation of this enhancer attenuated the production of disease‐associated cytokines.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that the rs4728142‐A allele increases the SLE risk by affecting ZBTB3 binding, chromatin status, and regulating IRF5 expression, establishing a biologic link between genetic variation and lupus pathogenesis.
The role of intellectual disability with autism spectrum disorder and the documented cooccurring conditions: A population‐based study
Authors: Etyemez Semra , Esler Amy , Kini Aniket , Tsai Peng‐Chou , DiRienzo Monica , Maenner Matthew , Lee Li‐Ching
Published: October 2022

Previous research has identified that patterns of cooccurring conditions (CoCs) associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) differ based on the presence of intellectual disability (ID). This study explored the association of documented CoCs among 8‐year‐old children with ASD and ID (ASD+ID, n = 2416) and ASD without ID (ASD‐ID, n = 5372) identified by the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, surveillance years (SYs) 2012 and 2014. After adjusting for demographic variables, record source, surveillance site, and SY, children with ASD+ID, as compared with children with ASD‐ID, were more likely to have histories of nonspecific developmental delays and neurological disorders documented in their records but were less likely to have behavioral and psychiatric disorders. ID plays a key role on how children with ASD would experience other CoCs. Our results emphasize how understanding the pattern of CoCs in ASD+ID and ASD‐ID can inform comprehensive and multidisciplinary approaches in assessment and management of children in order to develop targeted interventions to reduce possible CoCs or CoCs‐related impairments.
Associations between parental psychiatric disorders and autism spectrum disorder in the offspring
Authors: Chien Yi‐Ling , Wu Chi‐Shin , Chang Yen‐Chen , Cheong Mei‐Leng , Yao Tsung‐Chieh , Tsai Hui‐Ju
Published: October 2022

Whether parental psychiatric disorders are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring has remained inconclusive. We examined the associations of parental psychiatric disorders with ASD in offspring. This population‐based case–control study used Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database to identify a cohort of children born from 2004 to 2017 and their parents. A total of 24,279 children with ASD (diagnostic ICD‐9‐CM code: 299.x or ICD‐10 code F84.x) and 97,715 matched controls were included. Parental psychiatric disorders, including depressive disorders, bipolar spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, autism spectrum disorder, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and adjustment disorders were identified. Conditional logistic regressions with covariate adjustment were performed. The results suggest that parental diagnosis with any of the psychiatric disorders is associated with ASD in offspring (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.40–1.51 for mothers; and AOR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.08–1.17 for fathers). ASD in offspring was associated with schizophrenia, depressive disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, adjustment disorders, ADHD and ASD in both parents. The relationship between parental psychiatric disorders and the timing of the child's birth and ASD diagnosis varied across the different psychiatric disorders. The present study provides supportive evidence that parental psychiatric disorders are associated with autistic children. Furthermore, because the associations between parental psychiatric disorders and the timing of child's birth and ASD diagnosis varied across psychiatric disorders, the observed relationships may be affected by both genetic and environmental factors. Future studies are needed to disentangle the potential influence of genetic and environmental factors on the observed associations.
Luminescence investigation of Sm3+,Eu2+‐activated/co‐activated Ba2AlB4O7Cl phosphors: novel red to blue colour tuning in chloroborates
Authors: Bansod Amit R. , Kadam Abhijeet R. , Bokare Prashant S. , Dhoble Sanjay J.
Published: October 2022

Borochlorate phosphors have shown their worth in modern day lighting over the last few years. Colour tunability of the phosphor is a modern techniques used to obtain white‐light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). In the proposed work, Sm3+,Eu2+‐activated/co‐activated Ba2AlB4O7Cl phosphors were investigated for WLED applications as well as display devices. A convectional solid‐state diffusion method was used to synthesize the proposed phosphors. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) of the proposed phosphors confirmed the crystalline nature of the sample. Morphological studies on the samples were carried out using scanning electron microscopy analysis. A photoluminescence study of the colour tunable phosphor showed the characteristic peak of Sm3+ together with one broad peak for Eu2+ ions. Red to blue colour tunability was observed in the proposed phosphor with enhancement of Eu2+ ions. All these results showed the worth of this sample in WLED applications as well as in display devices.
Identification and validation of potential genotoxic impurities, 1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propanol, and 2,3‐dichloro‐1‐propanol, at subtle levels in a bile acid sequestrant, colesevelam hydrochloride, using hyphenated GC–MS technique
Authors: Kumar S. R. Jythesh , Reddy Junuthula Venkata Ramana , Rao Vandavasi Koteswara
Published: October 2022

Potential genotoxic impurities (PGI) and N‐nitrosamine impurities in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their determination at low levels are substantial challenges for cholesterol‐lowering agents in recent years. Herein we developed a robust, reliable, rapid, accurate and validated technique of gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometer (GC–MS) for quantifying subtle levels of 1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propanol (PGI‐I) and 2,3‐dichloro‐1‐propanol (PGI‐II) in colesevelam hydrochloride drug substance (bile acid sequestrant). The separation of colesevelam hydrochloride, PGI‐I and PGI‐II was executed with chromatographic technique using a capillary column, DB‐624 measuring with 30 m × 0.32 mm × 1.8 μm specification of 6% cyanopropylphenyl‐94% dimethylpolysiloxane copolymer and helium carrier gas. This developed technique gave a good intensity peak without any interference and extra masses at the retention times of 11.17 min for PGI‐I and 11.59 min for PGI‐II, which was adequate, with mass spectra (m/z) of 79 and 62, respectively. The method’s sensitivity and linearity are demonstrated by its detection and quantification limits at subtle levels with correlation coefficients of 0.9965 for PGI‐I and 0.9910 for PGI‐II. The determination is mainly focused on improving sensitivity with the limits of detection and quantitation far below the specifications, which can support tighter limits. This results in a cost‐effective and easily adoptable methodology having precise and accurate results in colesevelam hydrochloride API at subtle levels.
Myrciaria Genus: Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities
Authors: Pereira Mariana Toledo Martins , Charret Thiago Sardou , Pascoal Vinicius D'Avila Bitencourt , Machado Ricardo Luiz Dantas , Rocha Leandro Machado , Pascoal Aislan Cristina Rheder Fagundes
Published: October 2022

The Myrtaceae family is of angiosperms, imposing its size and economic, cultural, and scientific importance. The genus Myrciaria, belonging to this family, has 33 species currently accepted, many of which are research targets aimed at elucidating their bioactive compounds and biological activities. Most species of the Myrciaria genus have terpenes in their composition, mainly mono and sesquiterpenes, and phenolic compounds such as tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. Other secondary metabolites are also observed, such as alkaloids, steroids, coumarins, saponins, and naphthoquinones. These bioactive compounds are closely related to these species′ most diverse biological activities: antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, insecticide, metabolic, protective, and nutraceutical. This work aims to provide a review of secondary metabolites and medicinal properties related to the genus Myrciaria, thus stimulating further studies on the species of this genus.
Serendipitous Identification of a Covalent Activator of Liver Pyruvate Kinase
Authors: Battisti Umberto Maria , Gao Chunxia , Nilsson Oscar , Akladios Fady , Lulla Aleksei , Bogucka Agnieszka , Nain‐Perez Amalyn , Håversen Liliana , Kim Woonghee , Boren Jan , Hyvönen Marko , Uhlen Mathias , Mardinoglu Adil , Grøtli Morten
Published: October 2022

Enzymes are effective biological catalysts that accelerate almost all metabolic reactions in living organisms. Synthetic modulators of enzymes are useful tools for the study of enzymatic reactions and can provide starting points for the design of new drugs. Here, we report on the discovery of a class of biologically active compounds that covalently modifies lysine residues in human liver pyruvate kinase (PKL), leading to allosteric activation of the enzyme (EC50=0.29 μM). Surprisingly, the allosteric activation control point resides on the lysine residue K282 present in the catalytic site of PKL. These findings were confirmed by structural data, MS/MS experiments, and molecular modelling studies. Altogether, our study provides a molecular basis for the activation mechanism and establishes a framework for further development of human liver pyruvate kinase covalent activators.