bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of minority status and social context on the development of depression and anxiety: a longitudinal study of Puerto Rican descent youth
Authors: Alegria Margarita , Shrout Patrick E. , Canino Glorisa , Alvarez Kiara , Wang Ye , Bird Hector , Markle Sheri Lapatin , Ramos‐Olazagasti Maria , Rivera Doryliz  Vila , Cook Benjamin Lê , Musa George J. , Falgas‐Bague Irene , NeMoyer Amanda , Dominique Georgina , Duarte Cristiane
Published: September 2019

Few longitudinal studies have explored to date whether minority status in disadvantaged neighborhoods conveys risk for negative mental health outcomes, and the mechanisms possibly leading to such risk. We investigated how minority status influences four developmental mental health outcomes in an ethnically homogeneous sample of Puerto Rican youth. We tested models of risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depressive and anxiety symptoms (DAS), and psychological distress, as Puerto Rican youth (aged 5‐13 years) transitioned to early adulthood (15‐29 years) in two sites, one where they grew up as a majority (the island of Puerto Rico), and another where they were part of a minority group (South Bronx, New York). At baseline, a stratified sample of 2,491 Puerto Rican youth participated from the two sites. After baseline assessment (Wave 1), each youth participant and one caregiver were assessed annually for two years, for a total of three time points (Waves 1‐3). From April 2013 to August 2017, participants were contacted for a Wave 4 interview, and a total of 2,004 young people aged 15 to 29 years participated in the assessment (response rate adjusted for eligibility = 82.8%). Using a quasi‐experimental design, we assessed impacts of minority status on MDD, GAD, DAS and psychological distress. Via mediation analyses, we explored potential mechanisms underlying the observed relationships. Data from 1,863 Puerto Rican youth (after exclusion of those with MDD or GAD during Waves 1‐3) indicated links between minority status and higher rates of lifetime and past‐year GAD, DAS and past 30‐day psychological distress at Wave 4, and a marginal trend for MDD, even after adjustments. Childhood social support and peer relationships partially explained the differences, as did intercultural conflict, neighborhood discrimination, and unfair treatment in young adulthood. The experience of growing up as a minority, as defined by context, seemingly elevates psychiatric risks, with differences in social relationships and increased social stress as mediators of this relationship. Our findings suggest that interventions at the neighborhood context rather than at the individual level might be important levers to reduce risks for the development of mood disorders in minority youth.
Regulation of gap junction intercellular communication by connexin ubiquitination: physiological and pathophysiological implications
Authors: Totland Max Zachrisson , Rasmussen Nikoline Lander , Knudsen Lars Mørland , Leithe Edward
Published: September 2019

Gap junctions consist of arrays of intercellular channels that enable adjacent cells to communicate both electrically and metabolically. Gap junctions have a wide diversity of physiological functions, playing critical roles in both excitable and non-excitable tissues. Gap junction channels are formed by integral membrane proteins called connexins. Inherited or acquired alterations in connexins are associated with numerous diseases, including heart failure, neuropathologies, deafness, skin disorders, cataracts and cancer. Gap junctions are highly dynamic structures and by modulating the turnover rate of connexins, cells can rapidly alter the number of gap junction channels at the plasma membrane in response to extracellular or intracellular cues. Increasing evidence suggests that ubiquitination has important roles in the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of connexins as well as in the modulation of gap junction endocytosis and post-endocytic sorting of connexins to lysosomes. In recent years, researchers have also started to provide insights into the physiological roles of connexin ubiquitination in specific tissue types. This review provides an overview of the advances made in understanding the roles of connexin ubiquitination in the regulation of gap junction intercellular communication and discusses the emerging physiological and pathophysiological implications of these processes.
Radiotherapy in lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin: review of the literature and report of a recurrent and metastatic case
Authors: Mucha-Małecka A. , Urbanek K. , Ambicka A. , Majchrzak P. , Małecki K.
Published: September 2019

Primary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin (LELCS) is a very rare cutaneous neoplasm. Only about 70 cases have been documented in the literature. There are no prospective data regarding treatment methods. Surgical excision is sufficient therapy in the majority of cases. Radiation therapy is sometimes used in case of recurrence or positive margins after surgery. The metastatic potential of LELCS is extremely low and only five previously documented cases of lymph node spread have been reported. We present the case of an 80-year-old male with a tumor primarily located on the lower eyelid, with two regional recurrences and cervical lymph node spread after surgery, treated with concurrent chemoradiation. According to the available data, this is the first case of lymph node spread from an eyelid location and the first nodal recurrence after surgery.
The Effect of Fibrinogen/Thrombin‐Coated Collagen Patch (TachoSil®) Application in Pancreaticojejunostomy for Prevention of Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kwon Jaewoo , Shin Sang Hyun , Lee Sukyung , Park Guisuk , Park Yejong , Lee Seung Jae , Lee Woohyung , Song Ki Byung , Hwang Dae Wook , Kim Song Cheol , Lee Jae Hoon
Published: September 2019

Background

Fibrin sealants and topical glue have been studied to reduce the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPF) after pancreatico‐enteric anastomosis, but a definitive innovation is still needed. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of fibrin sealant patch applied to pancreatico‐enteric anastomosis to reduce postoperative complications, including POPF.

Methods

This study was a single‐center, prospective, randomized, phase IV trial involving three pancreaticobiliary surgeons. The primary outcome was POPF; secondary outcomes included complications, drain removal days, hospital stay, readmission rate, and cost. Risk factors for POPF were identified by logistic regression analysis.

Results

A total of 124 patients were enrolled. Biochemical leakage (BL) or POPF occurred in 16 patients (25.8%) in the intervention group and 23 patients (37.1%) in the control group (no statistical significance). Clinically relevant POPF occurred in 4 patients (6.5%) in both the intervention and control groups (p = 1.000). Hospital stay (11.6 days vs. 12.1 days, p = 0.585) and drain removal days (5.7 days vs. 5.3 days, p = 0.281) were not statistically different between two groups. Complication rates were not different between the two groups (p = 0.506); nor were readmission rates (12.9% vs. 11.3%, p = 1.000) or cost ($13,549 vs. $15,038, p = 0.103). In multivariable analysis, age and soft pancreas texture were independent risk factors for BL or POPF in this study. Applying fibrin sealant patch is not a negative risk factor, but the p value may indicate a likelihood of reducing the incidence of BL (p = 0.084).

Conclusions

Fibrin sealant patches after pancreaticojejunostomy did not reduce the incidence of POPF or other postoperative complications. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03269955).
Paclitaxel-Coated Zilver PTX Drug-Eluting Stent Treatment Does Not Result in Increased Long-Term All-Cause Mortality Compared to Uncoated Devices
Authors: Dake Michael D. , Ansel Gary M. , Bosiers Marc , Holden Andrew , Iida Osamu , Jaff Michael R. , Lottes Aaron E. , O’Leary Erin E. , Saunders Alan T. , Schermerhorn Marc , Yokoi Hiroyoshi , Zeller Thomas
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Patient-level data from two large studies of the Zilver PTX drug-eluting stent (DES) with long-term follow-up and concurrent non-drug comparator groups were analyzed to determine whether there was an increased mortality risk due to paclitaxel.

Methods

Data from the Zilver PTX randomized controlled trial (RCT) and Zilver PTX and bare metal stent (BMS) Japan post-market surveillance studies were analyzed. Five-year follow-up is complete in both DES studies; follow-up for the BMS study was limited to 3 years and is complete. Kaplan–Meier analyses assessed mortality. A Cox proportional hazards model identified significant factors related to mortality.

Results

In the RCT, there were 336 patients treated with the DES and 143 patients treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) or BMS. In Japan, there were 904 DES patients and 190 BMS patients. There was no difference in all-cause mortality for the DES compared to PTA/BMS in the RCT (19.1% DES versus 17.1% PTA/BMS through 5 years, p = 0.60) or Japan (15.8% DES versus 15.3% BMS through 3 years, p = 0.89). Cox proportional hazard models revealed that age, tissue loss, and congestive heart failure were significantly associated with mortality in the RCT, and critical limb ischemia, age, renal failure, and gender were significantly associated with mortality in Japan (all p < 0.05). Neither treatment with Zilver PTX (p = 0.46 RCT, p = 0.49 Japan) nor paclitaxel dose (p = 0.86 RCT, p = 0.07 Japan) was associated with mortality.

Conclusion

Analyses of the Zilver PTX patient-level data demonstrated no increase in long-term all-cause mortality.

Level of Evidence

Zilver PTX RCT: Level 1, randomized controlled trial; Japan PMS studies: Level 3, post-market surveillance study.
Incidence of wound dehiscence after colorectal cancer surgery: results from a national population-based register for colorectal cancer
Authors: Söderbäck Harald , Gunnarsson Ulf , Martling Anna , Hellman Per , Sandblom Gabriel
Published: September 2019

Background

Patient-related risk factors for wound dehiscence after colorectal surgery remain obscure.

Methods

All open abdominal procedures for colorectal cancer registered in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry (SCRCR, 5) 2007–2013 were identified. Potential risk factors for wound dehiscence were identified by cross-matching between the SCRCR and the National Patient Register (NPR). The endpoint in this study was reoperation for wound dehiscence registered in either the SCRCR or NPR and patients not reoperated were considered controls.

Results

A total of 30,050 patients were included in the study. In a multivariable regression analysis, age > 70 years, male gender, BMI > 30, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, history of generalised inflammatory disease, and duration of surgery less than 180 min were independently and significantly associated with increased risk for wound dehiscence. A history of diabetes, chronic renal disease, liver cirrhosis, and distant metastases was not associated with wound dehiscence. The hazard ratio for postoperative death was 1.24 for patients who underwent reoperation for wound dehiscence compared with that for controls.

Discussion

Patients reoperated for wound dehiscence face a significantly higher postoperative mortality than those without. Risk factors include male gender, age > 70 years, obesity, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and history of generalised inflammatory disease. Patients at high risk for developing wound dehiscence may, if identified preoperatively, benefit from active prevention measures implemented in routine surgical practice.
Creatinine, total cysteine and uric acid are associated with serum retinol in patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Olsen Thomas , Vinknes Kathrine J. , Blomhoff Rune , Lysne Vegard , Midttun Øivind , Dhar Indu , Ueland Per M. , Svingen Gard F. T. , Pedersen Eva K. R. , Drevon Christian A. , Refsum Helga , Nygård Ottar K.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

We hypothesized that biomarkers and dietary factors related to cardiovascular disease risk were associated with serum retinol and evaluated these potential associations in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods

We used cross-sectional data from 4116 patients hospitalised for suspected CAD. Dietary data were obtained from a subgroup of 1962 patients using a food frequency questionnaire. Potential biomarkers and dietary factors were explored using linear regression modelling adjusted for age and sex. Regression coefficients and corresponding confidence intervals (CI) are given as  % change in serum retinol per unit change in the predictors. Analyses were performed in the total population and in strata of serum retinol tertiles.

Results

In age- and sex-adjusted models, serum creatinine (standardized β: 0.38, 95% CI [0.35, 0.42]), plasma total cysteine (0.26, [0.23, 0.29]), serum uric acid (0.30, [0.26, 0.33]) and plasma neopterin (0.22, [0.18, 0.25]) were positively associated, whereas plasma serine (− 0.15, [− 0.18, − 0.12]) and serum C-reactive protein (− 0.15, [− 0.18, − 0.12]) were inversely associated with serum retinol. When we included the significant biomarkers in a multivariate model, the model explained 33% of the variability (R2 = 0.33) in serum retinol. The results were similar in the lower and upper tertiles of serum retinol. Weak or no associations were observed for dietary factors.

Conclusions

In patients with suspected CAD, concentrations of creatinine, cysteine and uric acid were positively associated with serum retinol. Future studies should assess whether retinol concentrations are influenced by metabolic alterations in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease.
The Impact of Proximity on Consumer Fair Trade Engagement and Purchasing Behavior: The Moderating Role of Empathic Concern and Hypocrisy
Authors: Gillani Alvina , Kutaula Smirti , Leonidou Leonidas C. , Christodoulides Paul
Published: September 2019

The article reports the findings of an empirical study among consumers, regarding the impact of physical, social, and psychological proximity on their engagement to the fair trade idea and purchasing behavior. Based on a random sample of 211 British and 112 Indian consumers and using structural equation modeling, it was found that high levels of physical, social, and psychological proximity leads to high consumer fair trade engagement. Moreover, consumer fair trade engagement was confirmed to have a positive impact on fair trade purchasing behavior. Furthermore, consumer empathic concern was found to positively moderate the association between proximity and consumer fair trade engagement, while the opposite was true with regard to consumer hypocrisy. Finally, consumer nationality was found to have a control effect on physical, social, and psychological proximity, with the latter felt stronger among Indian, as opposed to British consumers.
Multiple-Partner Fertility and Cohort Change in the Prevalence of Half-Siblings
Authors: Amorim Mariana , Tach Laura M.
Published: September 2019

The transformation of the American family under the second demographic transition has created more opportunities for parents to have children with multiple partners, but data limitations have hampered prevalence estimates of multiple-partner fertility from the perspective of children. This study uses nationally representative data from the 1979 and 1997 cohorts of the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth to examine cohort change in children’s exposure to multiple-partner fertility. We find that one in five children in the 1979 cohort had at least one half-sibling by their 18th birthday, and the prevalence grew to more than one in four children by the 1997 cohort. A strong educational gradient in exposure to half-siblings persists across both cohorts, but large racial/ethnic disparities have narrowed over time. Using demographic decomposition techniques, we find that change in the racial/ethnic and socioeconomic composition of the U.S. population cannot explain the growth in exposure to half-siblings. We conclude by discussing the shifting patterns of fertility and family formation associated with sibling complexity and considering the implications for child development and social stratification.
Nieuwe beeldvormende technieken bij de diagnostiek van het prostaatcarcinoom
Authors: Oprea-Lager Daniela E. , Comans Emile F. I.
Published: September 2019

Samenvatting

In dit artikel worden beeldvormende technieken besproken die worden gebruikt bij de diagnostiek van prostaatkanker en worden toekomstige ontwikkelingen op dit terrein belicht. Nieuwe en op dit moment bij voorkeur gebruikte beeldvormende technieken (prostaatspecifiek membraanantigeen (PSMA), positronemissietomografie met computertomografie (PET/CT) en whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) met diffusiegewogen opname, detecteren metastasen die met de traditionele technieken (botscan en computertomografie (CT)) onopgemerkt zouden zijn gebleven. Gegevens over de daadwerkelijk klinische functionaliteit van deze nieuwe technieken ontbreken echter nog. Dit leidt tot praktische dilemma’s bij de behandeling van patiënten met prostaatkanker, omdat de resultaten van grote klinische studies zijn gebaseerd op oude beeldvormende technieken. Deze dilemma’s kunnen pas worden opgelost als de diagnostische accuratesse van de nieuwe beeldvormende technieken, en de klinische consequenties van vroege detectie van metastasen, bekend zijn.
Active surveillance voor prostaatkanker: vergelijking van uitkomsten tussen patiënten die wel of niet aan de PRIAS-criteria voldoen
Authors: Soeterik Timo F. W. , van Melick Harm H. E. , Dijksman Lea M. , Biesma Douwe H. , Witjes J. A. (Fred) , van Basten Jean-Paul A.
Published: September 2019

Samenvatting

Er is onvoldoende bekend over de prognose van patiënten met prostaatkanker onder active surveillance (AS) die niet aan de PRIAS-inclusiecriteria voldoen. In een cohort van 1.000 patiënten uit zes ziekenhuizen werd onderzocht of ‘PRIAS-ongeschikte’ patiënten onder AS een hogere kans hadden op een ongunstigere PA na radicale prostatectomie (RP) en op metastasen. Van de 1.000 patiënten voldeed circa de helft niet aan de PRIAS-criteria. Zij hadden significant eerder tumorprogressie en een verhoogd risico op een positief snijvlak en ongunstige histologische uitkomsten na uitgestelde RP, vergeleken met patiënten die wél aan de PRIAS-criteria voldeden. In de totale populatie werd verder vastgesteld dat PSA-densiteit ≥ 0,2 een belangrijke individuele predictor is van biochemische progressie na RP en het ontwikkelen van metastasen.
Analysis of EU Regulation 2019/933 on the SPC Manufacturing Waiver Exception
Authors: Vidal-Quadras Miguel
Published: September 2019

At the end of May 2018, the European Commission published a proposal for a Regulation amending the SPC Regulation to introduce a specific new exception that has been called the manufacturing waiver. The objective of this Regulation is to boost the European generic and biosimilar industry and make it competitive in relation to third-country competitors and in other markets. There were three aspects of the initial proposal that could have jeopardised the objective of the new legislation: its application was deferred for up to 15 years, the exception to manufacturing was only for export and not to enter the EU market after the expiry of the SPC, and the existence of safeguards that would have forced the maker to provide sensitive confidential business information. The European Parliament and the Council were sensitive to all these limitations and proposed an important revision of the text which was finally approved as Regulation (EU) 2019/933. This article explains the rationale behind the legislation and the modifications that have been introduced in the final text, which was approved on 20 May 2019 and entered into force on 1 July 2019, to achieve the objectives pursued.
Effective sugar-derived organic gelator for three different types of lubricant oils to improve tribological performance
Authors: Zhang Ruochong , Liu Xuqing , Guo Zhiguang , Cai Meirong , Shi Lei
Published: September 2019

In this study, the gelling ability and lubrication performance of N-octadecyl-D-gluconamides (NOG) in liquid paraffin (LP), pentaerythritol oleate (PE-OA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) oils were systemically investigated. The NOG, which could gelate the investigated oils, was successfully synthesized by a one-step method. The prepared gel lubricants were completely thermoreversible and exhibited improved thermal stability, according to the thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) reports. Rheological tests confirmed that the NOG gelator could effectively regulate the rheological behavior of the base oils. Tribological evaluation suggested that NOG, as an additive in the three types of base oils, could remarkably reduce the friction and wear in steel contacts. A plausible mechanism for the improved performances was proposed based on the mechanical strength of the gels and the formation of the boundary-lubricating film on the worn surface. The results indicated that NOG is a potential gelator for preparing gel lubricants with excellent tribological properties and environment-friendly characteristics.
Comparison of sodium removal in peritoneal dialysis patients treated by continuous ambulatory and automated peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Maharjan Sarju Raj Singh , Davenport Andrew
Published: September 2019

Background

Optimal fluid balance for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients requires both water and sodium removal. Previous studies have variously reported that continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) removes more or equivalent amounts of sodium than automated PD (APD) cyclers. We therefore wished to determine peritoneal dialysate losses with different PD treatments.

Methods

Peritoneal and urinary sodium losses were measured in 24-h collections of urine and PD effluent in patients attending for their first assessment of peritoneal membrane function. We adjusted fluid and sodium losses for CAPD patients for the flush before fill technique.

Results

We reviewed the results from 659 patients, mean age 57 ± 16 years, 56.3% male, 38.9% diabetic, 24.0% treated by CAPD, 22.5% by APD and 53.5% APD with a day-time exchange, with icodextrin prescribed to 72.8% and 22.7 g/L glucose to 31.7%. Ultrafiltration was greatest for CAPD 650 (300–1100) vs 337 (103–598) APD p < 0.001, vs 474 (171–830) mL/day for APD with a day exchange. CAPD removed most sodium 79 (33–132) vs 23 (− 2 to 51) APD p < 0.001, and 51 (9–91) for APD with a day exchange, and after adjustment for the CAPD flush before fill 57 (20–113), p < 0.001 vs APD. APD patients with a day exchanged used more hypertonic glucose dialysates [0 (0–5) vs CAPD 0 (0–1) L], p < 0.001.

Conclusion

CAPD provides greater ultrafiltration and sodium removal than APD cyclers, even after adjusting for the flush-before fill, despite greater hypertonic usage by APD cyclers. Ultrafiltration volume and sodium removal were similar between CAPD and APD with a day fill.
Preparation of a Novel Clay/Dye Composite and its Application in Contaminant Detection
Authors: Wu Limei , Bao Xuyuan , Zhong Haoyu , Pan Yuwei , Lv Guocheng , Liao Libing
Published: September 2019

Although fluorescence detection is a sensitive method in the field of pollutant analysis, its application is restricted due to the fluorescence shown by organic material being quenched after aggregation and to low photo-thermal stability. To address these issues, a novel mineral/dye composite material was prepared by intercalating a fluorescence molecule, Rhodamine (R6G), into the interlayer space of montmorillonite (Mnt). This composite material greatly enhanced the light stability and efficiency of R6G. After enhancement, the fluorescence lifetime of R6G-Mnt was eight times longer than originally and the luminous intensity was 20 times greater. Chromium at the mmol/L (mM) level can be detected by the naked eye when its enhanced fluorescent property is fabricated into a solid test paper, even though a fluorescence spectrophotometer should be used for detection at the 0.01 μmol/L level in the sensing range 0.01 μmol/L to 100 mmol/L. These results can provide new avenues as well as a theoretical and experimental foundation for the development of novel supramolecular luminescent material.
The critical role of co-worker involvement: An extended measure of the workplace environment to support work–life balance
Authors: Bradley Lisa , McDonald Paula , Cox Stephen
Published: September 2019

This paper extends the work of Thompson, Beauvais, and Lyness (1999, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 392–415) on work–family culture by considering the role co-workers play. The proposed extended measure encompasses non-work spheres beyond the family as it has been established that much of the extant research does not include a large part of the workforce – those without childcare responsibilities (Kelliher, Richardson & Boiarintseva [2019, Human Resource Management Journal, 29, 101]). The extended measure constitutes Thompson et al.'s (1999) three original dimensions plus two additional dimensions: co-worker involvement (support and consequences) and gender expectations. Two quantitative studies confirmed that the extended measure is robust for different types of workers (part- and full-time, males and females). The co-worker dimensions were significantly associated with several outcome measures; however, the gender expectation dimensions added little additional variance in relation to employee outcomes. The results support the inclusion of co-workers as an important dimension of the workplace environment that supports work and life balance.
CHAITIN’S Ω AS A CONTINUOUS FUNCTION
Authors: HÖLZL RUPERT , MERKLE WOLFGANG , MILLER JOSEPH , STEPHAN FRANK , YU LIANG
Published: September 2019

We prove that the continuous function${\rm{\hat \Omega }}:2^\omega \to $ that is defined via$X \mapsto \mathop \sum \limits_n 2^{ - K\left( {Xn} \right)} $ for all $X \in {2^\omega }$ is differentiable exactly at the Martin-Löf random reals with the derivative having value 0; that it is nowhere monotonic; and that $\mathop \smallint \nolimits _0^1{\rm{\hat{\Omega }}}\left( X \right)\,{\rm{d}}X$ is a left-c.e. $wtt$-complete real having effective Hausdorff dimension ${1 / 2}$.

We further investigate the algorithmic properties of ${\rm{\hat{\Omega }}}$. For example, we show that the maximal value of ${\rm{\hat{\Omega }}}$ must be random, the minimal value must be Turing complete, and that ${\rm{\hat{\Omega }}}\left( X \right) \oplus X{ \ge _T}\emptyset \prime$ for every X. We also obtain some machine-dependent results, including that for every $\varepsilon > 0$, there is a universal machine V such that ${{\rm{\hat{\Omega }}}_V}$ maps every real X having effective Hausdorff dimension greater than ε to a real of effective Hausdorff dimension 0 with the property that $X{ \le _{tt}}{{\rm{\hat{\Omega }}}_V}\left( X \right)$; and that there is a real X and a universal machine V such that ${{\rm{\Omega }}_V}\left( X \right)$ is rational.
KränkungandErkrankung: Sexual Trauma before 1895
Authors: Janssen Diederik F.
Published: September 2019

A tropology of moral injury and corruption long framed the plight of the sex crime victim. Nineteenth-century psychiatric acknowledgment of adverse sexual experience reflected general trends in etiological thought, especially on ‘epileptic’ and hysteric seizures, but on the whole remained descriptive, guarded and limited. Various experiential threats to the modern sexual self beyond assault and rape were granted etiological significance, however: illegitimate motherhood, masturbatory guilt, sexual enlightenment, ‘homosexual seduction’ and chance encounters leading to fetishistic fixation. These minor early appeals to medical psychology help us appreciate the multiple nuances of ‘sexual trauma’ advanced in Breuer and Freud’sStudies on Hysteria(1895) and Freud’s subsequent work.
Testing sealed-tube Graphitization at the NERC Radiocarbon facility, east Kilbride
Authors: Cisneros-Dozal Luz Maria , Xu Xiaomei , Xu Sheng
Published: September 2019

Graphitization of 0.5–1.5 mg C, and of smaller samples to a lesser extent, is routinely done at our Facility by reduction over zinc. The method yields low background, good accuracy but offers a limited throughput, requires dedicated equipment and considerable operator time. Sealed-tube graphitization is faster, easier and cost-efficient producing as many graphites as CO2 can be purified in one day with low background, good accuracy and precision, provided precise measurements of δ13C values can be attained by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to correct for isotope fractionation (Xu et al. 2007). We tested sealed-tube graphitization on 0.1 to 1.0 mg C samples and found that while we were able to obtain low backgrounds of >57,000 ±1000 yr BP for ∼1.7 mg C and 41,230 ± 430 yr BP for ∼0.09 mg C (0.0008 ± 0.0001 and 0.0059 ± 0.0003 Fraction Modern, respectively), results were variable for sample sizes <0.5 mg C. Measurements of FIRI Belfast Cellulose and TIRI Barleymash showed 0.3–0.6% precision and 1% accuracy for most sample sizes. We found better results in our laboratory by introducing the following modifications: (1) shorter inner tube (2 cm long), (2) short flame-seal length (∼7–8 cm) and (3) keeping the inner tube with iron separate from the outer tube containing zinc and titanium hydride during cleaning.
Radiocarbon Calibration around AD 1900 from Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris) tree rings from Northern Norway
Authors: Svarva Helene , Grootes Pieter , Seiler Martin , Thun Terje , Værnes Einar , Nadeau Marie-Josée
Published: September 2019

To resolve an inconsistency around AD 1895 between radiocarbon (14C) measurements on oak from the British Isles and Douglas fir and Sitka spruce from the Pacific Northwest, USA, we measured the 14C content in single-year tree rings from a Scots pine tree (Pinus sylvestris L.), which grew in a remote location in Saltdal, northern Norway. The dataset covers the period AD 1864–1937 and its results are in agreement with measurements from the US Pacific coast around 1895. The most likely explanation for older ages in British oak in this period seems to be 14C depletion associated with the combustion of fossil fuels.
Predation byEngytatus varians(Distant) (Hemiptera: Miridae) onBactericera cockerelli(Sulcer) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) and twoSpodopteraspecies
Authors: Pineda S. , Hernández-Quintero O. , Velázquez-Rodríguez Y. B. , Viñuela E. , Figueroa J. I. , Morales S. I. , Martínez-Castillo A. M.
Published: September 2019

Predation byEngytatus varians(Distant) adults on different development stages of the prey speciesBactericera cockerelli(Sulcer) (egg, second, and third nymphal instars),Spodoptera exigua(Hübner) andSpodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith) (egg, first, and second larval instars) was evaluated using tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) leaflets or plants. These insects are the primary pest of several agriculturally important crops. The influence ofE. variansage on the predation capacity was also analysed.Engytatus variansfemales consumed significantly moreB. cockerellieggs and nymphs than males. Additionally, female predators consumed significantly more second than third instar prey at two predator ages, while males consumed significantly more the second instar than third instar prey at all predator ages. In most of the cases, females also consumed significantly moreS. exiguaandS. frugiperdaeggs than males; however, in terms of larvae consumption, this difference was observed only in some predator ages. Females consumed more the first than second instarS. exiguathan males, whereas this behaviour was only observed in males when the predators were 15 and 17 days old. No significant differences were observed in the consumption of first and second instar ofS. frugiperdafor both sexes of the predators. Predator age did not cause any systematic effects on the predation rates of any prey species. Based on these results, we confirmed thatE. varianshas potential as a biological control agent forB. cockerelliand also for theSpodopteraspecies bioassayed.
Estimation of natural mortality in two demersal squat lobster species off Chile
Authors: Canales T. Mariella , Wiff Rodrigo , Quiroz Juan Carlos , Queirolo Dante
Published: September 2019

Natural mortality (M) is a key parameter for understanding population dynamics, especially in relation to harvested populations. Direct observations ofMin crustaceans are scarce, due to the moulting process. Indirect methods to estimateMwith easier-to-obtain life history attributes are therefore used routinely. Given their theoretical background, we reviewed the applicability of these methods for crustaceans. We applied the selected methods to two crustacean species harvested in Chilean waters: the yellow squat lobster (Cervimunida johni) and red squat lobster (Pleuroncodes monodon). Uncertainty of eachMestimate was incorporated in the life history parameters that input into the indirect method (trait-error) and parameters defining the indirect method (coefficient-trait-error). Methods based on the relationship between total mortality and maximum age, or with different ages and based on life history theory were the most appropriate for crustaceans since they apply across taxa.Mestimates showed high variability between species, sexes and areas. Estimations ofMforC. johnivaried from 0.13 to 0.28 (year−1) for males and 0.17 to 0.51 (year−1) for females. ForP. monodonvalues for the north varied from 0.26 to 0.37 (year−1) for males and 0.24 to 0.45 (year−1) for females. In the south, values ofMwere higher for both males (0.43–0.68 year−1) and females (0.41–1.06 year−1). High variability in theMestimates was associated with the method and number of parameters, their uncertainty, theoretical background and probability distribution.Mestimates are not comparable, raising the need to propagate the uncertainty ofMinto the stock assessment of Chilean squat lobsters.
Verification of ageing methods for the burrowing shrimp, Neotrypaea californiensis, using extractable lipofuscin and gastric mill cuticular features
Authors: Bosley Katelyn M. , Coleman Natalie , Dumbauld Brett R.
Published: September 2019

The burrowing shrimp Neotrypaea californiensis is an important ecosystem engineer that inhabits estuaries along the US Pacific Northwest coast. This species plays an important role in the estuarine ecosystem but negatively impacts oyster aquaculture through its burrowing activities. Development of population models for burrowing shrimp management requires more detailed life history information and accurate estimates of age. Ageing studies have been limited for crustaceans because it is generally believed that they do not retain structures with annual deposits commonly used to age other marine organisms, when they moult their exoskeletons. A mesocosm growth experiment and field surveys were combined to compare the performance of two ageing techniques, quantification of autofluorescent lipofuscin and gastric mill ossicular lamellae, for estimating age in N. californiensis. Animals of known age were grown in outdoor mesocosms and sampled regularly to correlate age metrics with body size and true age. Lipofuscin concentration increased with time across multiple cohorts at the rate of 1.430 ± 0.060 ng µg−1 year−1. Lamellae counts also increased with time (4.922 ± 0.337 lamellae year−1). While age estimates based on lipofuscin concentration and lamellae counts generally agreed, carapace size did not correlate to either age metric. Lamellae counts from field collections suggest they are added sequentially with age but the relationship can vary by location. When used together, the application of both techniques may provide robust estimates of crustacean age especially when size-based measurements are imprecise.
Of Silk Roads and Global Transformations: China's Rise and its Impact on the Developing World
Authors: Strauss Julia C.
Published: September 2019

On a random Tuesday in May 2019, I found myself in Shanghai's Pudong International Airport, waiting in a fortunately short and quickly moving immigration line prior to a return flight home. Just to the right was an immigration desk with what appeared to be a new sign: a “Belt-and-Road” channel (Yidai yilu tongdao). There was no one behind the BRI desk. I was intrigued by this, but of course did not dare to take a photograph of the sign in a restricted zone. Twenty minutes later I attempted to log on from the airline lounge, and ended with failure. The relevant two-step process now involved a passport scan, the receipt of a registration number that required inputting an (overseas) mobile number and receiving SMS verification with further password. The juxtaposition of the fast-track but empty BRI immigration desk and the clunky double verification procedure to get online at all seemed to encapsulate much China's current position in the world.
Mapping of control measures to prevent secondary transmission of STEC infections in Europe during 2016 and revision of the national guidelines in Norway
Authors: Veneti L. , Lange H. , Brandal L. , Danis K. , Vold L.
Published: September 2019

In 2016, we reviewed preventive control measures for secondary transmission of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in humans in European Union (EU)/European Free Trade Association (EEA) countries to inform the revision of the respective Norwegian guidelines which at that time did not accommodate for the varying pathogenic potential of STEC. We interviewed public health experts from EU/EEA institutes, using a semi-structured questionnaire. We revised the Norwegian guidelines using a risk-based approach informed by the new scientific evidence on risk factors for HUS and the survey results. All 13 (42%) participating countries tested STEC for Shiga toxin (stx) 1, stx2 and eae (encoding intimin). Five countries differentiated their control measures based on clinical and/or microbiological case characteristics, but only Denmark based their measures on routinely conducted stx subtyping. In all countries, but Norway, clearance was obtained with ⩽3 negative STEC specimens. After this review, Norway revised the STEC guidelines and recommended only follow-up of cases infected with high-virulent STEC (determined by microbiological and clinical information); clearance is obtained with three negative specimens. Implementation of the revised Norwegian guidelines will lead to a decrease of STEC cases needing follow-up and clearance, and will reduce the burden of unnecessary public health measures and the socioeconomic impact on cases. This review of guidelines could assist other countries in adapting their STEC control measures.
Subjective Consequentialism and the Unforeseeable
Authors: Jay Christopher
Published: September 2019

As is already well known, subjective consequentialists face a challenge which arises from the fact that many (perhaps even most) of the consequences of an action areunforeseeable: this fact makes trouble for the assignment of expected values. Recently there has been some discussion of the role of ‘indifference’ principles in addressing this challenge. In this article, I argue that adopting a principle of indifference to unforeseeable consequences will not work – not because of familiar worries about the rationality of such indifference principles, but because subjective consequentialist theories which adopt such principles end up entailing either deontic indeterminacy or arbitrary deontic variance. This is because of another well-known fact: that possibilities do not ‘agglomerate’.
Editorial
Authors: Kuske R. , Yurchenko D.
Published: September 2019

The origin of this special issue took place at the 9th European Nonlinear Dynamics Conference (ENOC 2017) in Budapest, Hungary. Specifically, the mini-symposium on Random Dynamical Systems – Recent Advances and New Directions brought together novel perspectives on analyzing stochastic dynamics with applications including biology, structural dynamics, control, energy and mechanics. The expanded use of stochasticity in more realistic models exposes questions related to bifurcations, meta-stability, tipping and early warning signals, multiscale dynamics, and connections between chaos and stochastic dynamics. The observed phenomena in applications drive new methodologies and analyses, needed to understand the interplay between different sources of stochastic effects and nonlinearities, network structure, multi-mode and multi-scale behavior, non-smooth dynamics, energy transfer, and spatio-temporal phenomena. Of course, a single issue cannot hope to cover all of the new topics in stochastic analysis for applications. Nevertheless, we hope that the collection of applications and stochastic models presented in this issue illustrates some of the exciting advances and perspectives relevant for broad classes of stochastic models and demonstrates the need in advancing the theory of stochastic processes.
How to tag non-standard language: Normalisation versus domain adaptation for Slovene historical and user-generated texts
Authors: Zupan Katja , Ljubešić Nikola , Erjavec Tomaž
Published: September 2019

Part-of-speech (PoS) tagging of non-standard language with models developed for standard language is known to suffer from a significant decrease in accuracy. Two methods are typically used to improve it: word normalisation, which decreases the out-of-vocabulary rate of the PoS tagger, and domain adaptation where the tagger is made aware of the non-standard language variation, either through supervision via non-standard data being added to the tagger’s training set, or via distributional information calculated from raw texts. This paper investigates the two approaches, normalisation and domain adaptation, on carefully constructed data sets encompassing historical and user-generated Slovene texts, in particular focusing on the amount of labour necessary to produce the manually annotated data sets for each approach and comparing the resulting PoS accuracy. We give quantitative as well as qualitative analyses of the tagger performance in various settings, showing that on our data set closed and open class words exhibit significantly different behaviours, and that even small inconsistencies in the PoS tags in the data have an impact on the accuracy. We also show that to improve tagging accuracy, it is best to concentrate on obtaining manually annotated normalisation training data for short annotation campaigns, while manually producing in-domain training sets for PoS tagging is better when a more substantial annotation campaign can be undertaken. Finally, unsupervised adaptation via Brown clustering is similarly useful regardless of the size of the training data available, but improvements tend to be bigger when adaptation is performed via in-domain tagging data.
CONTINUITY OF A CONDITION SPECTRUM AND ITS LEVEL SETS
Authors: SUKUMAR D. , VEERAMANI S.
Published: September 2019

Let ${\mathcal{A}}$ be a complex unital Banach algebra, let $a$ be an element in it and let $0<\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}<1$. In this article, we study the upper and lower hemicontinuity and joint continuity of the condition spectrum and its level set maps in appropriate settings. We emphasize that the empty interior of the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}$-level set of a condition spectrum at a given $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D716},a)$ plays a pivotal role in the continuity of the required maps at that point. Further, uniform continuity of the condition spectrum map is obtained in the domain of normal matrices.
THERE MUST HAVE BEEN A FIRST GENERATION
Authors: Maitzen Stephen
Published: September 2019

I argue, from premises accepted by every educated person, that there must have been a first human generation, contrary to what Richard Dawkins and Daniel Dennett have prominently claimed.
WHAT IS ONTOLOGY? A DIALOGUE
Authors: Kriegel Uriah
Published: September 2019

This dialogue presents a substantive account of the nature and aim of ontology.
The impact of a CBT-based bipolar disorder psychoeducation group on views about diagnosis, perceived recovery, self-esteem and stigma
Authors: Richardson Thomas , White Lucy
Published: September 2019

Previous research has shown that psychoeducation for bipolar disorder (BD) improves symptoms and reduces relapse risk, but there is little research on how this impacts stigma, perceived recovery and views about diagnosis. The aim of this study was to explore whether a cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)-based 12-week BD psychoeducation group conducted in a community mental health team for adults impacted perceived stigma, diagnosis-related self-esteem, recovery and views about diagnosis. The case series pre- and post-group had 23 participants across three groups. The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, views on Manic Depression Questionnaire, Bipolar Recovery Questionnaire and author-constructed questions were completed pre and post. Twenty participants completed the group. An intent-to-treat repeated measures multiple analysis of variance showed significantly improved perceived recovery and improvements in sense of control and understanding around their diagnosis. Other specific questions such as understanding of triggers and impact of thinking patterns also improved. However, there was no change in the perceived stigma or self-esteem associated with living with BD. CBT-based psychoeducation groups may help improve perceived recovery and factors such as sense of control in BD. However, there appears to be no impact on stigma and self-esteem, and the role of non-specific factors needs to be examined further.

Key learning aims

(1)

To raise awareness of the impact of stigma and self-esteem in bipolar disorder.

(2)

To understand the content and structure of CBT-based psychoeducation groups.

(3)

To consider the potential benefits of CBT-based psychoeducation groups beyond symptoms and relapse reduction on factors such as perceived recovery.
Meta-heuristic optimization algorithms for simultaneous optimization of sidelobe level and directivity of uniformly excited concentric ring array antennas
Authors: Dutta Kailash Pati , Mahanti G. K.
Published: September 2019

This paper proposes the novel application of three meta-heuristic optimization algorithms namely crow search algorithm, moth flame optimization, and symbiotic organism search algorithm for the synthesis of uniformly excited multiple concentric ring array antennas. The objective of this work is to minimize the sidelobe level (SLL) and maximize the peak directivity simultaneously. Three different cases are demonstrated separately with various constraints such as optimal inter-element spacing and/or optimal ring radii. Comparative study of the algorithms using common parameters such as SLL, directivity, first null beam width, best cost, and run time has been reported. Investigation results prove the superiority of case 3 over other cases in terms of directivity and SLL. This work demonstrates the potential of these algorithms.