bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deciphering Evolutionary Patterns and Multifaceted Drivers of Tibetan Buddhist Monasteries in Amdo's Tibetan Inhabited Area, China
Authors: Yang Yao , Zhao Yaolong , Fang Subin , Liu Xinxin , Li Xueting , Chen Danying
Published: November 2024

Tibetan Buddhism, which has been nurtured and developed within the unique geographical environment of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, represents a religious and cultural phenomenon that exhibits distinct regional and ethnic characteristics. Investigating the spatiotemporal evolution of Tibetan Buddhism is essential for a comprehensive understanding of this religious practice. Traditional research has largely concentrated on qualitative descriptions derived from historical data compilation, neglecting the quantitative analysis of its spatiotemporal evolution and underlying mechanisms. This study seeks to quantitatively explore evolutionary patterns and various factors influencing the historical development of Tibetan Buddhist culture within Amdo Tibetan cultural heartland in China. Utilizing Tibetan Buddhist monasteries as cultural carriers, the research employed spatiotemporal data mining and machine learning methods to uncover these dynamics. The results show that: (1) The quantity of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in the Amdo region has substantially grown over time, exhibiting increasingly noticeable spatial clustering characteristics; (2) Factors such as the concentration of population and economic activities, accessibility to water resources, climate and agricultural production conditions, and convenience of transportation significantly impact the spatiotemporal evolution of Tibetan Buddhism; (3) Under the combined influence of macro‐geographical environment factors and micro‐level religious heritage history, the Amdo Tibetan inhabited area has gradually developed a spatial pattern characterized by clusters of monasteries centered in the Hehuang Valley, with widespread distribution throughout the eastern region. The quantitative research framework proposed in this paper offers an academic reference for exploring the spatiotemporal evolution of complex religious and cultural phenomena across long historical periods.
GhTBL3 is required for fiber secondary cell wall (SCW) formation via maintaining acetylation of xylan in cotton
Authors: Wang Yao , Zou Dan , Cheng Chang‐Hao , Zhang Jie , Zhang Jing‐Bo , Zheng Yong , Li Yang , Li Xue‐Bao
Published: November 2024

TBL family proteins containing the domain of unknown function mainly act as xylan O‐acetyltransferases, but the specific molecular mechanism of their functions remains unclear in plants (especially in cotton) so far. In this study, we characterized the TBL family proteins containing the conserved GDS and DxxH motifs in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Among them, GhTBL3 is highly expressed in fibers at the stage of secondary cell wall (SCW) formation and mainly functions as O‐acetyltransferase to maintain acetylation of xylan in fiber SCW development. Overexpression of GhTBL3 in cotton promoted fiber SCW formation, resulting in increased fiber cell wall thickness. In contrast, suppression of GhTBL3 expression in cotton impaired fiber SCW synthesis, leading to the decreased fiber cell wall thickness, compared with wild type (WT). Furthermore, two fiber SCW‐related transcription factors GhMYBL1 and GhKNL1 were found to directly bind to the promoter of GhTBL3 in cotton. GhMYBL1 enhanced the transcription activity of GhTBL3, whereas GhKNL1 inhibited the expression of GhTBL3 in fibers. The acetylation level of xylan was remarkably decreased in fibers of GhMYBL1 RNAi transgenic cotton, but the acetylation level of xylan was significantly increased in fibers of GhKNL1 RNAi cotton, relative to WT. Given together, the above results suggested that GhTBL3 may be under the dual control of GhMYBL1 and GhKNL1 to maintain the suitable acetylation level of xylan required for fiber SCW formation in cotton. Thus, our data provide an effective clue for potentially improving fiber quality by genetic manipulation of GhTBL3 in cotton breeding.
Detection of quantitative trait loci for rice root systems grown in paddies based on nondestructive phenotyping using X‐ray computed tomography
Authors: Teramoto Shota , Uga Yusaku
Published: November 2024

Plant roots are essential for water and nutrient uptake, as well as resistance to abiotic stresses. While measuring root systems under field conditions is labor‐intensive, most quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to root traits have been detected under artificial conditions. However, QTLs identified under artificial conditions may not always manifest the expected effects that are observed under field conditions. To address this issue, we developed RSApaddy3D, a rapid phenotyping method for rice root systems, using X‐ray computed tomography (CT) volumes of soil blocks collected from paddies. RSApaddy3D employs 2‐dimensional kernel filters tailored to extract disk‐shaped fragments from the CT volumes. Tubular root fragments are expected to exhibit disk‐shaped cross‐sections along the x‐, y‐, or z‐axes. By applying these filters along all three axes and integrating the results, 3‐dimensional root fragments can be accurately extracted. Furthermore, vectorizing the root system enables geometrical removal of the roots of neighboring individuals. We conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of root diameter, number, and growth angle in 133 Japanese rice varieties and detected three QTLs (qNCR1, qNCR2, and qRGA1) that were associated with each trait. This process was completed within 10 person‐days from soil monolith collection in the paddy to the GWAS. Without RSApaddy3D, roots would need to be washed from the soil monolith and measured, which is estimated to require >500 person‐days. Therefore, RSApaddy3D was approximately 50× more labor‐saving. In summary, we have demonstrated that RSApaddy3D is an efficient method for phenotyping rice root systems under field conditions.
Finite subgroups of the profinite completion of good groups
Authors: Boggi Marco , Zalesskii Pavel
Published: November 2024

Let be a residually finite, good group of finite virtual cohomological dimension. We prove that the natural monomorphism induces a bijective correspondence between conjugacy classes of finite ‐subgroups of and those of its profinite completion . Moreover, we prove that the centralizers and normalizers in of finite ‐subgroups of are the closures of the respective centralizers and normalizers in . With somewhat more restrictive hypotheses, we prove the same results for finite solvable subgroups of . In the last section, we give a few applications of this theorem to hyperelliptic mapping class groups and virtually compact special toral relatively hyperbolic groups (these include fundamental groups of 3‐orbifolds and of uniform standard arithmetic hyperbolic orbifolds).
Euroglyphus perico sp. nov., a new pyroglyphid species from a mammal nest in Mexico and the status of the genera Euroglyphus and Gymnoglyphus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae)
Authors: Klimov Pavel B. , OConnor Barry , Vasiliy Kolesnikov
Published: November 2024

Here, we describe Euroglyphus perico sp. nov. from a nest of a mammal, probably Peromyscus sp. (Rodentia: Cricetidae), from Durango, Mexico. As this new species combines features of the genera Euroglyphus and Gymnoglyphus, Gymnoglyphus is proposed as a junior subjective synonym of Euroglyphus. An updated diagnosis of the genus Euroglyphus and a key to species of the World are provided.
“You’re a Real Fighter!”: An Analysis of Mental Health Discourse on an Elite Athlete’s Public Instagram Page
Authors: Beasley Lauren , Johnson-Pack Emily J.
Published: November 2024

This discourse analysis explored how public discourse on ultramarathoner Amelia Boone’s Instagram negotiates the tension between mental health and athlete identities. We used a three-stage discourse analysis of publicly available comments. The first phase was a structural analysis, which examined the purpose of the discourse. The second phase was an interaction analysis, which examined active versus passive engagement. The final stage was a critical discourse analysis, which analyzed how the discourse supports or challenges cultural structures. Findings interpreted through the concepts of stigma resistance and the sport ethic suggest that discourse was positive but also distanced from mental health content while still emphasizing the sport ethic. There is thus an underlying assumption that an athletic identity is incongruent with a mental health identity, reproducing mental health stigma. Implications include applications for mental health communication in sport and theoretical considerations to create a sport culture that destigmatizes mental health.
Systematic analysis of the glucose-PTS in
Streptococcus sanguinis
highlighted its importance in central metabolism and bacterial fitness
Authors: Taylor Zachary A. , Pham Danniel N. , Zeng Lin
Published: November 2024

Previous work reported that deletion of the Enzyme IIAB subunits (EIIAB
Man
and
manL
) of the glucose phosphotransferase system (PTS) (glucose-PTS,
manLMNO
) in
Streptococcus sanguinis
impacted carbon catabolite repression and bacterial fitness. Here, a single-nucleotide polymorphism in ManN, ManNA91E, produced the unusual phenotype of increased excretion of organic acids and H
2
O
2
yet elevated PTS activities. To characterize the contributions of each component of the glucose-PTS to bacterial fitness, we performed genetic analyses by deleting from
S. sanguinis
SK36 the entire operon and each EII
Man
subunit individually; and genes encoding the catabolite control protein A (Δ
ccpA
) and the redox regulator Rex (Δ
rex
) for comparison. Deletion of each subunit incurred a growth defect on glucose partly due to elevated excretion of H
2
O
2
; when supplemented with catalase, this defect was rescued, instead resulting in a significantly higher yield than the parent. All glucose-PTS deletion mutants presented an increased antagonism against the oral pathobiont
Streptococcus mutans
, a phenotype absent in Δ
ccpA
despite increased H
2
O
2
output. A shift in the pyruvate node toward mixed acid fermentation and increased arginine deiminase activity enhanced pH homeostasis in glucose-PTS mutants but not Δ
ccpA
. Despite the purported ability of Rex to regulate central carbon metabolism, deletion of
rex
had no significant impact on most of the phenotypes discussed here. These findings place glucose-PTS in the pivotal position of controlling central carbon flux in streptococci, with critical outcomes impacting acidogenicity, aciduricity, pH homeostasis, and antagonism, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for treating diseases with a dysbiotic microbiome.

IMPORTANCE

Management of carbohydrate metabolism and environmental stress is key to the survival of oral commensal species such as
S. sanguinis
. Antagonism of oral pathobionts and modulation of the environmental pH and oxidative potential by commensals are crucial to the maintenance of microbial homeostasis and prevention of oral diseases including dental caries. It is therefore vital to understand how these species regulate sugar fermentation, production of acids and ammonia, and stress management in an environment known for a feast-and-famine cycle of carbohydrates and similar fluctuations in pH and oxygen tension. Here, we detail that genetic alterations of the glucose-PTS transporter in
S. sanguinis
can significantly affect the regulation of factors required for bacterial fitness and homeostatic ability independent of known catabolic regulators. It is then discussed how these changes may impact the survival of streptococcal species and affect caries onset.
Emergence of terbinafine-resistant
Trichophyton indotineae
in Ontario, Canada, 2014–2023
Authors: McTaggart Lisa R. , Cronin Kirby , Ruscica Sonja , Patel Samir N. , Kus Julianne V.
Published: November 2024

Trichophyton indotineae
is an emerging fungal pathogen capable of causing extensive recalcitrant dermatophytosis exacerbated by frequently retained terbinafine resistance. Cases of dermatophytosis due to
T. indotineae
have increased dramatically in India in recent years. Other countries have reported imported infection cases, causing public health concerns over the potential global spread of this drug-resistant pathogen. We describe
T. indotineae
from 47 clinical cases in Ontario, Canada, from 2014 to 2023, based on 50 isolates received by the provincial public health laboratory. Although detected in Ontario as early as 2014, cases increased sharply in 2022–2023. The majority of cases were found in 20 to 64-year-olds (83.0%). Cases from 2022 to 2023 were noted in only 8 of 34 public health units, clustering in large urban centers. Based on genomic epidemiology, Ontario isolates were genetically similar to isolates from other countries. Neither temporal nor geographic clustering based on country or public health unit was observed, suggesting Ontario cases represented recent introductions from endemic regions, although limited local transmission cannot be ruled out. Genome diversity (4.4 × 10
−6
) was extremely low, consistent with the hypothesized recent emergence and clonal population structure of
T. indotineae
. Most (71.4%) cases were terbinafine-resistant, with isolates exhibiting either the L393F/L393S (
n
= 3) or F397L (
n
= 27) squalene epoxidase substitution. Decreased susceptibility to itraconazole or voriconazole was found among 23.7% of isolates and was frequently associated with
CYP51B
gene duplication. Terbinafine-resistant
T. indotineae
infections are escalating in Ontario, meriting enhanced laboratory detection methods and public health efforts to increase the awareness of recalcitrant dermatophytoses in order to promptly initiate appropriate treatment and control transmission.

IMPORTANCE

Cases of dermatophytosis caused by emerging pathogen
Trichophyton indotineae
are increasing worldwide. Many are resistant to first-line treatment option terbinafine, resulting in difficult-to-treat cases. We describe the emergence of cases of
T. indotineae
infections in Ontario, Canada. The incidence in primarily urban centers increased dramatically in 2022–2023, with a large percentage of isolates resistant to terbinafine. Decreased susceptibility to azoles was also observed for some isolates, raising concern over the potential evolution of multi-drug resistance. Ontario
T. indotineae
isolates were genetically similar to those from disparate locales worldwide, signifying the global nature of this public health concern. Together with other reports, this study serves to raise public health awareness to promote better laboratory detection procedures, prompt appropriate treatment of recalcitrant dermatophytoses, and inform infection prevention and control measures.
Variation in human gut microbiota impacts tamoxifen pharmacokinetics
Authors: Alam Yasmine , Hakopian Sheron , Ortiz de Ora Lizett , Tamburini Ian , Avelar-Barragan Julio , Jung Sunhee , Long Zane , Chao Alina , Whiteson Katrine , Jang Cholsoon , Bess Elizabeth
Published: November 2024

Tamoxifen is the most prescribed drug used to prevent breast cancer recurrence, but patients show variable responses to tamoxifen. Such differential inter-individual response has a significant socioeconomic impact as one in eight women will develop breast cancer and nearly half a million people in the United States are treated with tamoxifen annually. Tamoxifen is orally delivered and must be activated by metabolizing enzymes in the liver; however, clinical studies show that neither genotype nor hepatic metabolic enzymes are sufficient to predict why some patients have sub-therapeutic levels of the drug. Here, using gnotobiotic- and antibiotics-treated mice, we show that tamoxifen pharmacokinetics are heavily influenced by gut bacteria and prolonged exposure to tamoxifen. Interestingly, 16S rRNA gene sequencing shows tamoxifen does not affect overall microbiota composition and abundance. Metabolomics, however, reveals differential metabolic profiles across the microbiomes of different donors cultured with tamoxifen, suggesting an enzymatic diversity within the gut microbiome that influences response to tamoxifen. Consistent with this notion, we found that β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes vary in their hydrolysis activity of glucuronidated tamoxifen metabolites across the gut microbiomes of people. Together, these findings highlight the importance of the gut microbiome in tamoxifen’s pharmacokinetics.

IMPORTANCE

One in eight women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime, and tamoxifen is used to suppress breast cancer recurrence, but nearly 50% of patients are not effectively treated with this drug. Given that tamoxifen is orally administered and, thus, reaches the intestine, this variable patient response to the drug is likely related to the gut microbiota composed of trillions of bacteria, which are remarkably different among individuals. This study aims to understand the impact of the gut microbiome on tamoxifen absorption, metabolism, and recycling. The significance of our research is in defining the role that gut microbes play in tamoxifen pharmacokinetics, thus paving the way for more tailored and effective therapeutic interventions in the prevention of breast cancer recurrence.
Genome-wide quantification of polycistronic transcription in
Leishmania major
Authors: Grünebast Janne , Lorenzen Stephan , Clos Joachim
Published: November 2024

Leishmania major
is a human-pathogenic, obligate parasite and the etiological agent of the most prevalent, cutaneous form of leishmaniasis, which is an important neglected, tropical disease with ~1.2 million new infections per year.
Leishmania
, and the whole order Trypanosomatida, are early eukaryotes with highly diverged gene expression and regulation pathways, setting them apart from their mammalian hosts and from most other eukaryotes. Using precision run-on sequence analysis, we performed a genome-wide mapping and density analysis of RNA polymerases in isolated nuclei of the protozoan parasite
Leishmania major
. We map transcription initiation sites at divergent strand switch regions and head-tail regions within the chromosomes and correlate them with known sites of chromatin modifications. We confirm continuous, polycistronic RNA synthesis in all RNA polymerase II-dependent gene arrays but find small varying RNA polymerase activities in polycistronic transcription units (PTUs), excluding gene-specific transcription regulation, but not PTU-specific variations. Lastly, we find evidence for transcriptional pausing of all three RNA polymerase classes, hinting at a possible mechanism of transcriptional regulation.

IMPORTANCE

Leishmania
spp. are pathogens of humans and animals and cause one of the most important neglected tropical diseases. Regulation of gene expression in
Leishmania
but also in the related
Trypanosoma
is radically different from all eukaryotic model organisms, dispensing with regulated, gene-specific transcription, and relying instead on highly regulated translation. Our work sheds light on the initiation, elongation, and termination of transcription, maps unidirectional, polycistronic transcription units, provides evidence for transcriptional pausing at or near starting points of RNA synthesis, and quantifies the varying transcription rates of the polycistronic transcription units. Our results will further the understanding of these important pathogens and should provide a valuable resource for researchers in the field of eukaryotic microbiology.
p18 encoded by FgGMTV1 is responsible for asymptomatic infection in
Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Zhang Lihang , Li Pengfei , Wang Yanfei , Wang Shuangchao , Guo Lihua
Published: November 2024

The intricate interplay between mycoviruses and their fungal hosts frequently culminates in asymptomatic infections, but the virus-derived factors underlying these infections remain poorly understood. Our study introduces p18, a novel protein encoded by the DNA-C segment of the genomovirus FgGMTV1, which facilitates the transition from virus-induced hypovirulence to asymptomatic infection within
Fusarium graminearum
upon its expression. We have confirmed the expression of p18 during FgGMTV1 infection and observed its presence in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Remarkably, strains with a p18 null mutation show a significant reduction in colony expansion, conidial production, and virulence, leading to a hypovirulent phenotype. Our results also indicate that p18 hinders the accumulation of FgGMTV1, thus determining asymptomatic infection and enabling vertical transmission through conidia. Furthermore, the p18 null mutant virus converts
F. graminearum
from virulent to hypovirulent strains on wheat leaves after horizontal transmission. This work not only expands our knowledge of the genomovirus proteome but also provides insights into the strategies of viral evolution and adaptation. Moreover, we propose an innovative approach for creating hypovirulent strains utilizing engineered mycoviruses for the biocontrol of plant pathogenic fungi.

IMPORTANCE

Mycovirus-fungus interplay often leads to asymptomatic infections. Our study identifies p18, a novel protein from the genomovirus FgGMTV1, as a key determinant of asymptomatic infection in
Fusarium graminearum
. A p18-null mutant exhibits a pronounced hypovirulent phenotype. By modulating viral accumulation, p18 promotes asymptomatic infection and facilitates vertical transmission via conidia. This insight deepens our understanding of mycovirus-fungus interactions and introduces a novel strategy for biocontrol using engineered mycoviruses.
Heavy Quark Contributions in the Bjorken Sum Rule with Analytic Coupling
Authors: Gabdrakhmanov I. R. , Gramotkov N. A. , Kotikov A. V. , Teryaev O. V. , Volkova D. A. , Zemlyakov I. A.
Published: November 2024

We consider heavy quark contributions to the polarized Bjorken sum rule. We found good agreement between the experimental data and the predictions of analytic QCD. To satisfy the limit of photoproduction, we use new representation of the perturbative part of the polarized Bjorken sum rule, recently proposed.
Extreme Fluctuations of Radiation Intensity in a Turbulent Atmosphere
Authors: Kolokolov I. V. , Lebedev V. V.
Published: November 2024

We examine statistics of fluctuations of the light beam intensity at its propagating in a turbulent atmosphere. We are interested in the probability of relatively large values of the beam intensity. The model of a phase screen is considered. We find the tail of the probability density function characterized by the stretched exponent with power 7/12. Conditions of realizing the tail are established. The general picture is discussed.
Two-Loop QED/QCD Corrections for the Polarized γγ → γγ Process in SANCphot
Authors: Bondarenko S. , Issadykov A. , Kalinovskaya L. , Sapronov A. , Seitova D.
Published: November 2024

The new version of the SANCphot integrator has been developed for fast and stable numerical calculations up to two loops for polarized light-by-light scattering. One-loop modules based on the helicity formalism with massive particles and two-loop modules with massless particles inside the loops are used. The presented study is driven by the potential of polarized photon beams to probe the high energy region. This study is a contribution to the research program of the CEPC project being under development in China.
IOC consensus statement: interpersonal violence and safeguarding in sport
Authors: Tuakli-Wosornu Yetsa A , Burrows Kirsty , Fasting Kari , Hartill Mike , Hodge Ken , Kaufman Keith , Kavanagh Emma , Kirby Sandra L , MacLeod Jelena G , Mountjoy Margo , Parent Sylvie , Tak Minhyeok , Vertommen Tine , Rhind Daniel J A
Published: November 2024

Objective

Interpersonal violence (IV) in sport is challenging to define, prevent and remedy due to its subjectivity and complexity. The 2024 International Olympic Committee Consensus on Interpersonal Violence and Safeguarding aimed to synthesise evidence on IV and safeguarding in sport, introduce a new conceptual model of IV in sport and offer more accessible safeguarding guidance to all within the sports ecosystem by merging evidence with insights from Olympic athletes.

Methods

A 15-member expert panel performed a scoping review following Joanna Briggs Institute methodologies. A seminal works-driven approach was used to identify relevant grey literature. Four writing groups were established focusing on: definitions/epidemiology, individual/interpersonal determinants, contextual determinants and solutions. Writing groups developed referenced scientific summaries related to their respective topics, which were discussed by all members at the consensus meeting. Recommendations were then developed by each group, presented as voting statements and circulated for confidential voting following a Delphi protocol with ≥80% agreement defined a priori as reaching consensus.

Results

Of 48 voting statements, 21 reached consensus during first-round voting. Second-round and third-round voting saw 22 statements reach consensus, 5 statements get discontinued and 2 statements receive minority dissension after failing to reach agreement. A total of 43 statements reached consensus, presented as overarching (n=5) and topical (n=33) consensus recommendations, and actionable consensus guidelines (n=5).

Conclusion

This evidence review and consensus process elucidated the characterisation and complexity of IV and safeguarding in sport and demonstrates that a whole-of-system approach is needed to fully comprehend and prevent IV. Sport settings that emphasise mutual care, are athlete centred, promote healthy relationships, embed trauma- and violence-informed care principles, integrate diverse perspectives and measure IV prevention and response effectiveness will exemplify safe sport. A shared responsibility between all within the sports ecosystem is required to advance effective safeguarding through future research, policy and practice.
Changes in peak oxygen consumption in Fabry disease and associations with cardiomyopathy severity
Authors: Roy Ashwin , Thompson Sophie E , Hodson James , van Vliet Jan , Condon Nicola , Alvior Amor Mia , O’Shea Christopher , Vijapurapu Ravi , Nightingale Tom E , Clift Paul F , Townend Jonathan , Geberhiwot Tarekegn , Steeds Richard Paul
Published: November 2024

Background

Fabry disease (FD) causes multiorgan sphingolipid accumulation, with cardiac involvement responsible for the largest burden of morbidity and mortality. Exercise intolerance in FD is prevalent, yet the mechanisms of this are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess exercise intolerance in FD and identify whether this correlates with the phase of cardiomyopathy.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study of adults with FD undergoing cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPEX) between September 2011 and September 2023 at a national referral centre in the UK. The primary outcome measure was peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) used to quantify respiratory impairment. Age-normalised/sex-normalised values were additionally calculated, based on published normal ranges for subgroups of age and sex. The cardiomyopathy phase was classified on a 4-point scale by two FD experts using contemporaneous imaging and biochemistry results.

Results

CPEX was completed by 42 patients, with a median age of 54 years and of whom 62% were male. Patients were approximately equally distributed across the four cardiomyopathy phases. At phase I, the mean (±SD) V̇O2peakwas 28.7±7.7 mL/kg/min, which represented a significant underperformance of 23%, relative to age-normalised and sex-normalised values (expected mean: 37.3±3.2 mL/kg/min, p=0.006). V̇O2peakdeclined significantly across the cardiomyopathy phases (p=0.010), reaching a mean of 21.2±6.1 mL/kg/min at phase IV. Normalised FEV1was not found to show a corresponding significant change with cardiomyopathy phase (p=0.683). Impaired left atrial global longitudinal strain as well as biochemical markers of inflammation were associated with impaired V̇O2peak.

Conclusions

This study identifies significantly impaired aerobic capacity in FD, even in those without phenotypic cardiomyopathy. No corresponding changes in respiratory impairment were observed, suggesting that exercise intolerance may be due to early cardiac sphingolipid accumulation and subsequent atrial and ventricular dysfunction, which increases as cardiomyopathy progresses. As such, peak V̇O2peakholds promise as a therapeutic marker of response to FD-specific therapy.
Examining the lateral positioning and clearance of cyclists and motor vehicles in Christchurch, New Zealand
Authors: Li Yu , van der Walt Jacobus Daniel , Basnet Alan , Acharya Tejaswi , Scheepbouwer Eric , Guo Brian , Patel Tirth
Published: November 2024

The New Zealand government has introduced cycleways on existing narrow roads, leading to disruptions and inconsistencies for both motorists and cyclists. The effect on their behaviour about positioning, however, remains uncertain. This research paper investigated lateral positioning and lateral clearance using multiple Internet of Things prototypes to quantify the relationship between motor vehicles and cyclists. Two methods were used: (1) sensors mounted on the pavement curb to collect positioning data, and (2) sensors mounted on a cyclist to collect lateral clearance data. Results show that heavy vehicles have the highest encroachment rate. Additionally, the cycleway helps steer motorists slightly farther away from cyclists while passing. The lateral clearance between cyclists and motorists on roads with cycle lanes is higher than on roads without cycle lanes. It was found that over 90% of motor vehicles meet the 1 m separation standard, as recommended by the NZ Cycling Safety Panel.
Cutting-edge approaches in remediating soils co-contaminated by heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls: current progress and future directions
Authors: Li Liangjie , Wang Chenxu , Xing Zhilin , Peng Chao
Published: November 2024

Soil contaminated with heavy metals (HMs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) poses significant threats to human health and the ecological environment, attracting widespread attention. Although various methods have been developed to concurrently reduce these pollutants, a critical review of HMs–PCBs co-contaminated soil remediation is still lacking. This study aimed to fill this gap by systematically reviewing the progress made over the past decade. It began with an investigation of the sources and current status of HMs–PCBs co-contaminated soils, summarizing site characteristics and revealing correlation between the concentrations of strongly oxidative/reductive HMs and PCBs. The review then summarized the diverse remediation strategies for soil HMs–PCBs, focusing on the mechanisms of reduction, oxidation, and biological treatments. Particular emphasis was placed on synergistic remediation strategies, including biological, physicchemical-biological and physicchemical complementary approaches, highlighting the advantages of integrated methods, such as combining vegetation and microbial remediation, in minimizing environmental disturbance. Finally, the study identified challenges and future directions, including the development of new materials, the need for practical field applications, and further research into combined technologies and their interactions. This review provides essential insights and technical guidance for addressing the complex issue of HMs–PCBs co-contaminated soil remediation.
Theoretical study on low-lying hidden-bottom and double-bottom tetraquark states
Authors: Jiang Lin-Juan , An Chun-Sheng , Deng Cheng-Rong , Li Gang , Xie Ju-Jun
Published: November 2024

We perform a theoretical study on the spectrum of the low-lying hidden-bottom ($$q\bar{q}b\bar{b}$$

q

q

¯

b

b

¯

with $$q=$$

q
=

u, d and s) and double-bottom ($$q\bar{q}bb$$

q

q

¯

b
b

) tetraquark states within a nonrelativistic quark model, in which the instanton-induced interaction is taken as the residual spin-dependent hyperfine interaction between quarks. All the model parameters are fixed by fitting the spectrum of the ground hadron states. The numerical results indicate that masses of several $$X_{q\bar{q}}$$

X

q

q

¯

, $$Z_{b}$$

Z
b

, and $$Z_{bs}$$

Z

bs

tetraquark states are below and near thresholds of corresponding meson-meson channels, thus these states may form components of exotic meson states with reasonable probabilities. Especially, in present model, masses of several obtained states with quantum number $$I^G(J^P)=1^+(1^{+})$$

I
G

(

J
P

)

=

1
+

(

1
+

)

are close to $$Z_b^\pm (10610)$$

Z
b
±

(
10610
)

, so one may expect these states to be non-negligible components of the experimentally observed $$Z_{b}$$

Z
b

states. Concerning to the double-bottom tetraquark states, the present results are in general consistent with other previous works. Two possible stable $$T_{bb}$$

T

bb

states with quark content $$bb\bar{n}\bar{n}$$

b
b

n

¯

n

¯

($$n=u$$

n
=
u

or d quark) lying at energies 10558 MeV and 10650 MeV are found, and one possible stable $$bb\bar{n}\bar{s}$$

b
b

n

¯

s

¯

state is found, whose energy is $$\sim 10687$$

∼
10687

 MeV.
Neutralino dark matter in the extension of MSSM with two triplets and singlet
Authors: Yang Zhong-Jun , Yang Jin-Lei , Zhao Shu-Min , Wu Xing-Gang , Feng Tai-Fu
Published: November 2024

In an extension of MSSM with two triplets and a singlet, called the TNMSSM, there are seven neutralinos which can enrich the study of cold dark matter if one expects that the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) is responsible for the observation of Planck satellite. Such a model, compared to the MSSM, can naturally offer a solution to the $$\mu $$
μ
problem, and its lightest neutralino, which is bino-like, can also provide a correct relic density by using the coannihilation mechanism due to the newly added triplinos. Taking into account the related experimental measurements, such as the bound on the SM-like Higgs mass, the B meson rare decays, the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon $$a_\mu $$

a
μ

, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) measurements and the latest dark matter direct detection experiment LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ), the TNMSSM parameter space can be strictly limited. In respect to all the constraints mentioned above, we find that a bino-like neutralino with a mass in the region $$[100, 450]~\textrm{GeV}$$

[
100
,
450
]

GeV

can successfully account for the correct dark matter relic density. Additionally, most of the viable parameter space can be tested in the near future experiments such as the Xenon-nT experiment or LHC.
Seeking a coherent explanation of LHC excesses for compressed spectra
Authors: Agin Diyar , Fuks Benjamin , Goodsell Mark D. , Murphy Taylor
Published: November 2024

The most recent searches by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations in final states with soft leptons and missing transverse energy show mild excesses predominantly associated with dilepton invariant masses of about $$10{-}20$$

10
-
20

 GeV, which can result from decays of electroweakinos that are heavier than the lightest neutralino by $$\mathcal {O}(10)$$

O
(
10
)

 GeV. On the other hand, these analyses are insensitive to electroweakino mass splittings smaller than about 5 GeV. In previous work, we demonstrated that while recent searches in the monojet channel can exclude some of the smallest $$\mathcal {O}(1)$$

O
(
1
)

 GeV mass splitting configurations for electroweakinos, they also exhibit excesses that can overlap with the soft-lepton excesses in certain models, including a simplified scenario with pure higgsinos. In this work we dive deeper into these excesses, studying the analyses in detail and exploring an array of models that go beyond the simplified scenarios considered by the experimental collaborations. We show that, in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, the overlapping excesses are not unique to the pure-higgsino limit, instead persisting in realistic parameter space featuring a bino-like lightest supersymmetric particle with some wino admixture. On the other hand, for the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with a singlino-like lightest supersymmetric particle and higgsino-like next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle(s), the excess in the two-lepton channel fits rather well with the parameter space predicting the correct relic abundance through freeze out, but the monojet fit is much poorer. Interestingly, the excesses either do not overlap or do not exist at all for two non-supersymmetric models seemingly capable of producing the correct final states.
On the randomness of time ordered quantum measurements
Authors: Almlöf Jonas , Lettner Thomas , Gyger Samuel , Vall Llosera Gemma , Nilsson Tigge , Zwiller Val
Published: November 2024

A new method for efficient, high-quality randomness extraction is presented. The method relies on quantum processes such as the emission of single photons and their subsequent detection, where each detection event has an associated detection time. By establishing a list of time differences between a fixed number of events, a unique order can be established.

We note that, by utilising the number of ways to order the resulting list of time differences between the quantum events, the efficiency can be increased many-fold compared to current methods. The method delivers fundamentally uniform randomness and therefore, in principle, does not need debiasing.
Evaluation Model of Physical Education Teaching Effect Based on Embedded Neural Network
Authors: Chen Jingsong , Li Shuting
Published: November 2024

In response to the uniqueness of sports learning evaluation, we innovatively chose neural networks as the modeling basis and constructed a sports teaching effectiveness evaluation model based on embedded neural networks. This model achieves intelligent and automated evaluation of physical education teaching through the flexible processing capability of an efficient learning ability logic system embedded with neural networks. Specifically, embedded neural networks can deeply mine complex data during the teaching process. The embedded neural network effectively solves the uncertainty in the evaluation process and significantly improves the accuracy and adaptability of the evaluation system. In the process of model construction, we pay special attention to the adaptive processing capability of data. By introducing an adaptive neural system, the model can dynamically adjust parameters to better adapt to different teaching scenarios and individual differences among students, ensuring the objectivity and impartiality of evaluation results. This adaptability not only enhances the flexibility of the evaluation system, but also provides solid support for its application in practical teaching.
The Promotion Model of Network Language and Chinese Language and Literature Development Based on Quasi-Linear Regression Analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhihui
Published: November 2024

Cyber language is a kind of chatting language that was created to improve the efficiency of chatting at the beginning of its creation. Therefore, the creation of some words does not conform to the grammatical rules of Chinese language and literature. Therefore, this paper puts forward the promotion model of cyber language and Chinese language literature development based on quasi-linear regression analysis. A hierarchical structure analysis model is established to analyze the quantitative characteristics of the hierarchical constraint indicators, and a quantitative table of the status distribution of the evaluation constraint indicators promoted by the development of cyber language and Chinese language and literature is obtained. The quasi-linear regression analysis structure is used to build a clustering model to promote evaluation, and the feature clustering analysis is realized through quantitative index feature analysis. In the quasi-linear regression analysis model, the influence index parameters are configured, and the fuzzy influence characteristic parameters are combined to cluster the parameter configuration results, and the classification prediction and index analysis models are constructed. According to the hierarchical distribution density and grid clustering, the development evaluation and influence model construction of cyber language and Chinese language literature are realized. The results of empirical analysis show that this method has strong quantitative feature analysis ability, accurate and reliable evaluation results, and improves the reliability and confidence level of the evaluation and influence model construction of cyber language and Chinese language literature development.
Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Promising Treatment Option for Intestinal Fibrosis
Authors: Zhou Meng’en , Chen Yan , Jin Wenqi , Li Peng , Hu Jie , Guo Xiutian
Published: November 2024

Intestinal fibrosis, a common complication of inflammatory bowel disease, in particular in Crohn’s disease, arises from chronic inflammation, leading to intestinal narrowing, structural damage, and functional impairment that significantly impact patients’ quality of life. Current treatment options for intestinal fibrosis are limited, with surgery being the primary intervention. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has emerged as a promising approach in preventing and treating intestinal fibrosis. However, there is a scarcity of literature summarizing the mechanisms underlying TCM’s efficacy in this context. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive review, uncovering multiple mechanisms through which TCM mitigates intestinal fibrosis. These mechanisms include immune cell balance regulation, suppression of inflammatory responses, reduction of inflammatory mediators, alleviation of colon tissue damage, restoration of intestinal function, modulation of growth factors to inhibit fibroblast activation, dynamic regulation of TIMPs and MMPs to reduce extracellular matrix deposition, inhibition of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and endothelial–mesenchymal transition, autophagy modulation, maintenance of the intestinal mucosal barrier, prevention of tissue damage by harmful factors, and regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. This study aims to bridge existing knowledge gaps by presenting recent evidence supporting the utilization of TCM in both clinical and experimental research settings.
Application of ACTS for gaseous tracking detectors
Authors: Ai Xiaocong , Huang Xingtao , Li Hao , Li Weidong , Lin Tao , Liu Yi , Wu Linghui
Published: November 2024

ACTS has been used as a tracking toolkit at experiments such as ATLAS, sPHENIX, FASER, ALICE, etc. and has shown very promising tracking performance in terms of both physics performance and time performance. So far, the applications of ACTS are mainly focusing on silicon-based tracking systems. However, its application for the Beijing Spectrometer (BESIII) and gaseous tracking detectors, for example, drift chamber, is very limited. The extension of ACTS for drift chambers and its application for two future electron–positron collision experiments, i.e. Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) and Super Tau Charm Factory (STCF), are presented.
Thermal stability and phase transitions of static magnetic charged black holes in the background of perfect fluid-type dark matter: Analysis of crucial thermodynamic parameters and P–V criticality along with higher-order entropy corrections
Authors: Bhattacharya Arpan , Bandyopadhyay Mayukh
Published: November 2024

This work focuses on the analysis of P–V criticality for several entropy corrections of uncorrected zeroth entropy of the static magnetic charged black hole embedded in perfect fluid-type dark matter. During the study of P–V criticality, critical points up to several orders are found out. However, the critical points for distinct orders are found to occur at distinct values of the radius of the event horizon. We have resolved the physical significance of those critical points. Further, we have observed that P–V curve wise characteristics do not follow Boyle’s law for some corrections of entropy but it pursues Boyle’s law if we modify the zeroth entropy in some different ways. Physical significance of this phenomenon is also discussed. Again, the heat capacity of the charged black hole for corrected entropies is calculated. Significantly, several phase transitions are observed after plotting those data. We have also investigated how these phase transitions affect the structure of the black hole. Besides, study of free energy and Hawking temperature gives different important cuspidal nodes. The physical significance of these cusps is also discussed. Finally, we obtained an explicit scenario of the phase evolution and stability of the concerned investigated black hole embedded in dark matter.
Thermodynamics of charged Lifshitz black holes with scalar hair
Authors: Wu Shan , Qian Kai-Qiang , Yue Rui-Hong , Zhang Ming , Zou De-Cheng
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we discuss the generalized Einstein–Maxwell–Dilaton gravity theory with a nonminimal coupling between the Maxwell field and scalar field. Considering different geometric properties of black hole horizon structure, the charged dilaton Lifshitz black hole solutions are presented in 4-dimensional spacetimes. Later, utilizing the Wald Formalism, we derive the thermodynamic first law of black hole and conserved quantities. According to the relationship between the heat capacity and the local stability of black hole, we study the stability of charged Lifshitz black holes and identify the thermodynamic stable region of black holes that meet the criteria.
An Effective Deep Learning-Based Intrusion Detection System for the Healthcare Environment
Authors: Balaji K. , Kumar S. Satheesh , Vivek D. , Deepak S. Prem Kumar , Sagar K. V. Daya , Khan S. Thabassum
Published: November 2024

In the medical field, Internet of Things (IoT) applications allow for real-time diagnosis and remote patient monitoring, commonly called Internet of Health Things (IoHT). However, cybersecurity attacks may interrupt hospital operations and threaten patients’ health and well-being due to this integration. Hence, developing an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) suited explicitly for healthcare systems is essential to ensure efficiency and accuracy. Nevertheless, it is challenging to integrate anomaly-based IDS frameworks in healthcare systems as they necessitate additional processing time, temporal feature retention, and increased complexity. Therefore, a deep learning system based on SqueezeNet and NasNet is presented in this paper to detect intrusions in a healthcare setting. In this, SqueezeNet is employed to extract more significant features. On the other hand, network breaches while data transmission across distinct locations are detected by the NasNet-based classifier. In addition, the Rider Optimization Algorithm (ROA) is applied to adjust the classifier’s hyperparameters, guaranteeing that it would accurately detect attacks. Moreover, the Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Network (ACGAN) approach is integrated into the proposed framework to avoid data imbalance. Applying different performance constraints, the proposed approach is thoroughly assessed on three publicly available datasets (TON-IoT, ECU-IoHT, and WUSTL-EHMS). The results show that the proposed deep learning-based cybersecurity model outperforms traditional methods and produces better outcomes.