bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluoride And Caring for Children’s Teeth (FACCT): Clinical Fieldwork Protocol
Authors: James Patrice , Harding Mairead , Beecher Tara , Parnell Carmel , Browne Deirdre , Tuohy Marie , Kavanagh Dympna , O'Mullane Denis , Guiney Helena , Cronin Michael , Whelton Helen
Published: February 2018

Background: The reduction in dental caries seen between Irish national surveys of children’s oral health in 1984 and 2002 was accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of enamel fluorosis.  To minimise the risk of enamel fluorosis in Irish children, in 2007, the level of fluoride in drinking water was reduced from 0.8-1.0 ppm to 0.6-0.8 ppm fluoride. Recommendations on the use of fluoride toothpastes in young children were issued in 2002. Fluoride and Caring for Children’s Teeth (FACCT) is a collaborative project between the Oral Health Services Research Centre, University College Cork and the Health Service Executive dental service, with funding from the Health Research Board.

Aim: FACCT aims to evaluate the impact and the outcome of the change in community water fluoridation (CWF) policy (2007) on dental caries and enamel fluorosis in Irish schoolchildren, while also considering the change in policy on the use of fluoride toothpastes (2002).

Methods/Design: A cross-sectional study with nested longitudinal study will be conducted in school year (SY) 2013-2014 by trained and calibrated dental examiners in primary schools in counties Dublin, Cork and Kerry for a representative sample of children born either prior to or post policy changes; age 12 (born 2001) and age 5, (born 2008). Five-year-olds will be followed-up when they are 8-year-olds (SY 2016-2017). The main explanatory variable will be fluoridation status of the children (lifetime exposure to CWF yes/no). Information about other explanatory variables will be collected via parent (of 5-, 8- and 12-year-olds) and child completed (8- and 12-year-olds only) questionnaires.  The main outcomes will be dental caries (dmf/DMF Index), enamel fluorosis (Dean’s Index) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Multivariate regression analyses will be used to determine the impact and outcome of the change in CWF policy on oral health outcomes controlling for other explanatory variables.
Safety Huddle Intervention for Reducing Physiologic Monitor Alarms: A Hybrid Effectiveness‐Implementation Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Bonafide Christopher P. , Localio A. Russell , Stemler Shannon , Ahumada Luis , Dewan Maya , Ely Elizabeth , Keren Ron
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

Monitor alarms occur frequently but rarely warrant intervention.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine if a safety huddle‐based intervention reduces unit‐level alarm rates or alarm rates of individual patients whose alarms are discussed, as well as evaluate implementation outcomes.

DESIGN

Unit‐level, cluster randomized, hybrid effectiveness‐implementation trial with a secondary patient‐level analysis.

SETTING

Children's hospital.

PATIENTS

Unit‐level: all patients hospitalized on four control (n = 4177) and four intervention (n = 7131) units between June 15, 2015 and May 8, 2016. Patient‐level: 425 patients on randomly selected dates postimplementation.

INTERVENTION

Structured safety huddle review of alarm data from the patients on each unit with the most alarms, with a discussion of ways to reduce alarms.

MEASUREMENTS

Unit‐level: change in unit‐level alarm rates between baseline and postimplementation periods in intervention versus control units. Patient‐level: change in individual patients' alarm rates between the 24 hours leading up to huddles and the 24 hours after huddles in patients who were discussed versus not discussed in huddles.

RESULTS

Alarm data informed 580 huddle discussions. In unit‐level analysis, intervention units had 2 fewer alarms/patient‐day (95% CI: 7 fewer to 6 more, P = .50) compared with control units. In patient‐level analysis, patients discussed in huddles had 97 fewer alarms/patient‐day (95% CI: 52–138 fewer, P < .001) in the posthuddle period compared with patients not discussed in huddles. Implementation outcome analysis revealed a low intervention dose of 0.85 patients/unit/day.

CONCLUSIONS

Safety huddle‐based alarm discussions did not influence unit‐level alarm rates due to low intervention dose but were effective in reducing alarms for individual children.
Efficient Allocation and Pricing of Multifeatured Items
Authors: Candogan Ozan , Pekeč Saša
Published: February 2018

We introduce feature valuations, a new class of valuations that compactly capture preferences of agents who value items based on the features they possess. Such preferences are relevant in many important practical settings, such as Internet advertising markets (where impressions have associated attributes), labor markets (where workers’ skills/titles correspond to features), and long-term bond markets (where coupon payments can be associated with features). We focus on settings where features can be organized in a tree network, and features possessed by items are captured by paths on the tree. In such settings, under appropriate consistency conditions, we establish that Walrasian equilibria exist. In addition, we provide a computationally tractable price update algorithm that terminates with market-clearing prices that support an efficient outcome.

The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2917 .

This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
From fear to maternity
Authors: Richens Yana
Published: February 2018

Much has been writen in recent literature about tocophobia and fear of birth. But, as Yana Richens writes, to further research, we first need to establish universally accepted definitions
Creating a dedicated homebirth service: Results of a 3-year pilot
Authors: Cross-Sudworth Fiona , Hindley Jo , Cheatham Clare , Clarke Paula , McAree Trixie
Published: February 2018

Background

A dedicated homebirth service was established at a large teaching hospital in Birmingham.

Aim

The aim of the 3-year pilot was to increase the homebirth rate from 0.3% to 3% of all Trust births.

Methods

Data were collected on all women referred to the homebirth team and those receiving intrapartum care. This was analysed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets.

Findings

The pilot achieved a 1.4% homebirth rate and 1.9% intrapartum care rate (a five-fold increase in 3 years) but in spite of extensive promotion of the service, it did not meet the target of 3% of all Trust births. The peripartum transfer rate from home to hospital was 54% for primiparous and 14% for multiparous women with no adverse outcomes.

Conclusions

There has been excellent feedback from the families who planned a homebirth, but increasing the homebirth rate requires a longer term change to the culture surrounding place of birth.
Induction of labour at 39 weeks
Authors: Windsor Sophie
Published: February 2018

Last month, US researchers found that caesarean section was less frequent in women who had an elective induction at 39 weeks. Sophie Windsor discusses the results
The lost thread of strategy: Lord Jim, Jacques Rancière and dreaming
Authors: Corcoran Steven
Published: February 2018

This paper discusses Rancière’s recent work The Lost Thread: The Democracy of Modern Fiction. Similar to his directly preceding work, Aisthesis, The Lost Thread explores the transformation of the very paradigm of fiction itself with the advent of modern realism in its break with the conventions of belles lettres. For Rancière, the specific logic of modern fiction, its democracy, consists in a logic of (im)purity that generates what he calls effects of equality. The specificity of modern fiction thus yields a rather different idea of the politics of fiction than that conveyed by modernist readings and epitomized by Roland Barthes’ notion of the reality effect. This paper discusses the logic of this change in fiction implicit within Rancière’s account, a logic the author refers to as ‘creative destruction’ in contradistinction to modernist dialectics; second, it explores the kind of subject implied by this fiction – where subject is understood both as the kind of limit situation that this fiction recounts and the constitution of its characters. Third, the author briefly suggests that Rancière’s reading of the logic of the event, in particular in Joseph Conrad’s Lord Jim, can be seen as sketching an answer to why it is that the key question of ‘how are we to live?’ only ever comes after the event.
Pengaruh Pemberian Amylase Resistant Starch Terhadap Durasi Diare dan Kadar Secretory Immunoglobulin A pada Anak dengan Diare Akut
Authors: Yanti Trisna Resti , Jurnalis Yusri Dianne , Oenzil Fadil , Lubis Gustina
Published: February 2018

Latar belakang. Cairan rehidrasi oral (CRO) merupakan terapi utama dalam tata laksana diare. Berbagai upaya dilakukan untuk penyempurnaan CRO agar menjadi lebih efektif dengan penambahan probiotik, prebiotik, zink, dan protein polimer. Amylase resistant starch adalah polisakarida yang tidak dapat dihidrolisis oleh enzim α-amilase dan berperan sebagai prebiotik. Tujuan. Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian amylase resistant starch terhadap durasi diare dan kadar secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) pada anak dengan diare akut Metode. Studi eksperimental tidak tersamar pre and post-test group design dilakukan pada 24 anak diare akut dehidrasi sedang berumur 6 - 60 bulan yang dirawat di RSUP dr. M. Djamil dan RSUD Rasidin Padang pada bulan Maret 2016 - Juni 2017. Subjek dibagi dalam 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol dan intervensi yang diberikan amylase resistant starch. Uji statistik digunakan t test dan Mann-Whitney test.Hasil. Kelompok intervensi memiliki durasi diare yang lebih pendek (72,67±19,04) jam dibandingkan dengan kontrol (85,08±11,05) jam. Perubahan kadar sIgA lebih tinggi pada kelompok intervensi (8,13 ng/ml) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (4,27 ng/ml).Kesimpulan. Pemberian amylase resistant starch pada anak dengan diare akut akan memperpendek durasi diare meningkatan kadar secretory immunoglobulin A.
Perkembangan diagnosis sepsis pada anak
Authors: Wulandari Anindita , Martuti Sri , Kaswadi Pudjiastuti
Published: February 2018

Sepsis merupakan salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas bayi dan anak di seluruh dunia. Sepsis awalnya didefinisikan sebagai kecurigaan atau infeksi yang terbukti, disertai kondisi klinis SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome), tetapi definisi tersebut kini ditinggalkan. Sesuai konsensus mengenai sepsis terbaru, sepsis didefinisikan sebagai keadaan disfungsi/gagal organ yang mengancam nyawa, disebabkan oleh respon pejamu yang tidak teregulasi terhadap infeksi. Penilaian disfungsi/gagal organ pada anak menggunakan beberapa sistem penilaian, antara lain, Pediatric Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (P-MODS), Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD), Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction–2 (PELOD-2), dan pada konsensus terbaru diperkenalkannya sistem Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) yang diadaptasi dari sistem Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) dengan hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa pSOFA memberikan hasil yang sama baik dengan sistem penilaian yang lain. Di Indonesia saat ini, PELOD-2 merupakan sistem penilaian disfungsi organ yang direkomendasikan oleh Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI) dalam mendiagnosis sepsis pada anak.
Status and Development of Transfer Printing in Textiles—A Review
Authors: Sarkodie Bismark , Tawiah Benjamin , Agbo Christiana , Wizi Jakpa
Published: February 2018

Great developments have been achieved in the field of textile transfer printing. Transfer printing is made possible on natural fiber fabrics using intermediary polymeric agents, mostly thermoplastic agents and reactive dyes that contain α-bromoacrylamido or β-bromoacrylamido groups, to enable the creation of strong bonds between the fabric and the dye not observed with disperse dyes. The thermoplastic polymeric agent is either in the dye or on the substrate. Many processes such as benzoylation, Keratran and Fastran processes have been used for coloration of natural fiber fabrics in transfer printing. This review seeks to highlight developments in transfer printing and the various factors that affect transfer printed product quality besides dyes, and how these factors affect the transfer printing process.
Synthesis and Dyeing Properties of Three Hemicyanine-Based Fluorescent Polymeric Dyes
Authors: Tang Songsong , Qin Chuanxiang , Chen Guoqiang , Bao Zhimin , Hou Xueni
Published: February 2018

This research deals with the synthesis of hemicyanine-based fluorescent polymeric dyes and their use in acrylic dyeing. Three new hemicyanine dyes were synthesized by the Knoevenagel reaction, and grafted to carboxymethylchitosan (O-CMC) to form polymeric dyes. The resulting dyes were characterized using 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy, indicating that these polymeric dyes were successfully synthesized. The practical utility of these polymeric dyes was demonstrated by their successful application on acrylic fabrics to give highly fluorescent colors. The fluorescence, color characteristics, and photostability of these dyed fabrics were tested using a fluorescence spectrometer, a spectrophotometer, and a lightfastness tester. Results showed that acrylic fabrics dyed with these polymeric dyes were fluorescent and had better photostability than the parent dyes.
Rapid and Efficient Cationization of Cotton Cellulose with Girard's Reagent T using Dialdehyde Linkages
Authors: Choi Hyung-Min , Yoon Eun-Ji
Published: February 2018

Cationic cotton was prepared with Girard's Reagent T through interconnecting dialdehyde linkages using glyoxal or glutaraldehyde. The presence of Girard's Reagent T in the treated cotton cellulose was confirmed by various analytical methods. Enhanced dyeability of cationized cotton was confirmed by K/S value evaluation after dyeing with acid and reactive dyes. Crosslinking was corroborated by wrinkle recovery angle measurements. The results verified different reactivities of the two dialdehydes toward cellulose and Girard's Reagent T; glyoxal was a more effective interconnecting linker than glutaraldehyde. Therefore, simultaneous treatment with dialdehyde and Girard's Reagent T provided cationic cotton, resulting in enhanced dyeability, hydrophilicity, antibacterial properties, and resilience. This process was rapid and efficient, and used non-formaldehyde reagents.
A Comparative Analysis of Thermal Comfort Properties for Nurse Scrub Jackets
Authors: Lee Heajoo
Published: February 2018

There is a need for nurse scrub jackets that provide physical safety while being designed for comfort and performance. This study evaluates the optimal thermal comfort value of fabrics for nurse scrub jackets by comparing two fabric structures and four different fiber contents. A sweating guarded hot-plate test was used to determine the best fabric for thermal comfort. The result of this study indicated that a knitted structure provided greater thermal comfort than a woven structure. In addition, cotton and polyester fiber contents were superior to rayon at retaining heat within fabrics. This result could provide the basis for producing optimal fabric structures and choosing the best possible fiber contents for future nurse scrub jackets.
Suggestions of Movement: Voice and Sonic Atmospheres in Mauritian Muslim Devotional Practices
Authors: Eisenlohr Patrick
Published: February 2018

In this essay I make a case for the analytic of atmospheres as a way to understand the seemingly ineffable, yet powerful effects of vocal sound on listeners in an Islamic setting. Focusing on the recitation of devotional poetry in honor of the Prophet Muhammad among Mauritian Muslims, I seek to bring together neo-phenomenological approaches to sonic atmospheres with recent anthropological research on the voice that seeks to overcome the opposition of discursive signification and sonic materiality. Detailed examination of sonic events shows that sonic atmospheres enact suggestions of movement that go beyond the metaphorical. Arguing against theories of sonic affect that take the sonic to be an asignifying material flux, I seek to demonstrate that vocal sound’s meaningfulness is internal to the processual nature of its material forms.
Interscalar Vehicles for an African Anthropocene: On Waste, Temporality, and Violence
Authors: Hecht Gabrielle
Published: February 2018

How can we incorporate humanist critiques of the Anthropocene while harnessing the notion’s potential for challenging political imagination? Placing the Anthropocene offers one way forward; the notion of an African Anthropocene offers a productive paradox that holds planetary temporality and specific human lives in a single frame. Navigating the Anthropocene from Africa requires attending to scale both as an analytic and an actor category. In order to do so, this essay proposes the notion of interscalar vehicles: objects and modes of analysis that permit scholars and their subjects to move simultaneously through deep time and human time, through geological space and political space. This essay discusses the creation and destruction of value/waste and pasts/futures around a uranium mine in Mounana, Gabon, to unpack the political, ethical, epistemological, and affective dimensions of interscalar vehicles and their violent Anthropocenic implications.
Mehr als nur Rohstofflieferant
Authors: Rupp Johannes , Heinbach Katharina , Böhmer Jörg , Wagener Frank
Published: February 2018

Mit der Transformation zu einer biobasierten Wirtschaft bieten sich auch über die Rohstoffbereitstellung hinaus Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten für den ländlichen Raum. Diese in einer nachhaltigen Art und Weise zu fördern, ist eine Zukunftsaufgabe von Politik, Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Zivilgesellschaft.
Biobasierte Kunststoffe als Produkt der Bioökonomie
Authors: Behnsen Hannah , Spierling Sebastian , Endres Hans-Josef
Published: February 2018

Biobasierte Kunststoffe bieten die Chance, Wertschöpfungsketten so zu gestalten, dass einMehrwert für Mensch, Wirtschaft und Umwelt gleichermaßen generiert werden kann. Voraussetzunghierfür ist ein gezieltes Management der Lieferkette und Transparenz in der Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung.
The Sister Village Program: Promoting Community Resilience after Merapi Eruption
Authors: Elysia Vita , Wihadanto Ake
Published: February 2018

Local Government of Magelang Regency initiates the Sister Village Program after Mount Merapi Eruption in 2010. The idea of this program is to connect villages at risk from Merapi eruption to partner villages with less risk in the surrounding regions. This program is part of post-disaster recovery initiatives at the local level which includes planned evacuation routes, shelters, provision of food and other daily essentials. This paper aims to shed light on the role of sister village program in promoting community resilience after the volcanic eruption of Merapi. It is found that the system of sister village program can fulfill many aspects of community resilience components. Considering Indonesia is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world, this program should be regarded as a good example to be replicated in other prone areas in the country.
Yuji Ijiri: On Accountability
Authors: Glover Jonathan
Published: February 2018

This paper discusses Yuji Ijiri’s notion of accountability, the central role it played in his research, and its importance to conceptual frameworks of accounting.
Halimeda incrassata (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) reaches the Canary Islands: mid- and deep-water meadows in the eastern subtropical Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Sangil Carlos , Martín-García Laura , Afonso-Carrillo Julio , Barquín Jacinto , Sansón Marta
Published: February 2018

Extensive offshore meadows of Halimeda incrassata are documented for the first time in sandy bottoms of La Palma, Canary Islands. Halimeda incrassata forms dense sublittoral assemblages between 20 and 55 m, but isolated populations occur down to 65 m depth. This species currently spreads over an area of 9.14 ha. Population coverage varies with depth, with the highest values at 35–40 m and an average cover of 62.34%. The calcified segments of H. incrassata act as a stable substratum in these soft bottoms for the growth of other macroalgae, such as the rhodophytes Lophocladia trichoclados and Cottoniella filamentosa. Specimens reach lengths of up to 10 cm, shorter than individuals from the Caribbean. Although it is difficult to ascertain whether this species is a recent introduction, there is evidence of a correlation between the increase in population coverage and recent ocean warming, constituting another example of the tropicalization of the marine flora of this region.
Reference standards for the detection of anti-mitochondrial and anti-rods/rings autoantibodies
Authors: Calise S. John , Zheng Bing , Hasegawa Tomoko , Satoh Minoru , Isailovic Natasa , Ceribelli Angela , Andrade Luis E.C. , Boylan Katherine , Cavazzana Ilaria , Fritzler Marvin J. , de la Torre Ignacio Garcia , Hiepe Falk , Kohl Kathryn , Selmi Carlo , Shoenfeld Yehuda , Tincani Angela , Chan Edward K.L.
Published: February 2018

Background:

Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are found in >90% of primary biliary cholangitis patients. Anti-rods/rings antibodies (anti-RR) are most commonly associated with interferon-α and ribavirin treatment in hepatitis C patients. Clinical laboratories routinely screen for AMA and anti-RR using indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells (HEp-2-IFA). Therefore, we sought to establish reference materials for use in AMA and anti-RR testing.

Methods:

AMA-positive and anti-RR-positive human plasma samples (AMA-REF and RR-REF), identified as potential reference materials based on preliminary data, were further validated by multiple laboratories using HEp-2-IFA, immunoprecipitation (IP), western blotting, IP-western, line immunoassay (LIA), addressable laser bead immunoassay (ALBIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results:

AMA-REF showed a strong positive cytoplasmic reticular/AMA staining pattern by HEp-2-IFA to ≥1:1280 dilution and positive signal on rodent kidney/stomach/liver tissue. AMA-REF reacted with E2/E3, E3BP, E1α and E1β subunits of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by IP and western blotting and was positive for AMA antigens by LIA, ALBIA and ELISA. RR-REF showed a strong positive rods and rings staining pattern by HEp-2-IFA to ≥1:1280 dilution. RR-REF reacted with inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase by IP, IP-western and ALBIA. RR-REF also produced a nuclear homogenous staining pattern by HEp-2-IFA, immunoprecipitated proteins associated with anti-U1RNP antibody and reacted weakly with histones, nucleosomes, Sm and nRNP/Sm by LIA.

Conclusions:

AMA-REF and RR-REF are useful reference materials for academic or commercial clinical laboratories to calibrate and establish internal reference standards for immunodiagnostic assays. AMA-REF and RR-REF are now available for free distribution to qualified laboratories through Plasma Services Group.
A Simplistic Preliminary Assessment of Ginstling-Brounstein Model for Solid Spherical Particles in the Context of a Diffusion-Controlled Synthesis
Authors: Krauklis Andrey E. , Dreyer Ilo
Published: February 2018

Wet precipitation (WP) is a diffusion-controlled synthesis method, which is often used for synthesizing such compounds as hydroxyapatite (HAp). Since the process is limited by diffusion, the choice of a diffusion model becomes a critical aspect. In this simplistic assessment for a preliminary evaluation of the diffusion model applicability, the Ginstling-Brounstein (GB) equation is chosen and analyzed for the case of spherical particles. The nominal kinetic constant K is a parameter in GB model which describes diffusion and is related to the effective molecular diffusivity. When the value of K is known, it becomes possible to predict the required time to achieve desired conversion and design the synthesis accordingly. The GB model is assessed mathematically using simulations, a parametric study and Yates analysis (2n factorial design). Parameters chosen for a preliminary study are in the range of characteristic values for a laboratory-scale WP synthesis of HAp and are thus representative for the application of the model to practice. It should be noted that the analysis is simplistic and is meant to provide only preliminary information for future research, requiring experimental validation.
Influence of moisture content on the results of penetration and withdrawal resistance measurements on softwoods
Authors: Llana Daniel F. , Hermoso Eva , Bobadilla Ignacio , Iñiguez-Gonzalez Guillermo
Published: February 2018

Needle penetration resistance (NPR) and screw withdrawal resistance (SWR) are widely used techniques for density estimation of woods integrated in timber structures. The moisture content (MC) influences these measurements and correction coefficients are needed to ensure the accuracy of results. The goal of the present paper was to scrutinize the relation between NPR and SWR measurements and MC in case of radiata pine, Scots pine, Salzmann pine, and maritime pine usually used in wood constructions, from which 25 specimens from each species were probed. The specimen’s MC ranged from 65.1 to 8.3%. Results show that NPR depth has a positive linear relationship with MC while the SWR force a negative one below the fiber saturation point (FSP). Above the FSP, the MC influence is less pronounced and less regular. MC correction factors of measurements below the FSP are proposed for the species studied.
Measuring Credit Demand and Supply: A Bayesian Model with an Application to Greece (2003–2011)
Authors: Vouldis Angelos T.
Published: February 2018

Motivated by the linkage between credit and growth in the Greek economy and the deceleration of credit since the financial crisis, this paper studies the evolution of credit demand and supply in Greece during the period 2003M1–2011M3. A model of the credit market is explored which disentangles demand and supply. A Bayesian estimation methodology with data augmentation for the latent variables is proposed. The analysis is carried out separately for each type of loan (short- and long-term business loans, consumer loans and mortgages) enabling the comparative study of the credit rationing and supply constraint effects across loan categories. The results indicate that, for all loan categories, excess demand characterized the boom period. After the intensification of the debt crisis, long-term business loans, consumer loans and mortgages were constrained from the supply side, however, demand for short-term business loans has slowed down more than supply, reflecting businesses’ need for stable funding. Finally, the structural effects of the crisis are investigated. The present paper aims to contribute to the strand of literature investigating the tools to analyse credit developments by formulating an enhanced and flexible version of a model which disentangles credit demand and supply and enables the monitoring of the evolution of financial imbalances.
Merchant Taylors of London’s shift to business English: New insights on the languages of record in their Master and Wardens’ Accounts
Authors: Alcolado Carnicero José Miguel
Published: February 2018

French and Latin used to be the two main languages of record in the Merchant Taylors, as well as other London livery companies, as late as the fifteenth century, at least. From the fourteenth century onwards, English was becoming more and more present in this guild’s business accounts, until it replaced both Romance languages as their new official medium of written communication. Seen the inconsistent dates of adoption of English in the Merchant Taylors’ Master and Wardens’ Accounts suggested in the literature, this article applies two different approaches to language shift in the late medieval period in order to analyse and illustrate when exactly the whole Company is supposed to have substituted French and Latin for English forever. As the search of that permanent and communal shift leads to the necessary consultation of financial manuscripts kept as late as the seventeenth century, it is concluded that the construction of a unitary framework for the study of the different language shifts in the London livery companies at different periods would yield more comprehensive results.
Some Interval-Valued Pythagorean Fuzzy Einstein Weighted Averaging Aggregation Operators and Their Application to Group Decision Making
Authors: Rahman Khaista , Abdullah Saleem , Khan Muhammad Sajjad Ali
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we introduce the notion of Einstein aggregation operators, such as the interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy Einstein weighted averaging aggregation operator and the interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted averaging aggregation operator. We also discuss some desirable properties, such as idempotency, boundedness, commutativity, and monotonicity. The main advantage of using the proposed operators is that these operators give a more complete view of the problem to the decision makers. These operators provide more accurate and precise results as compared the existing method. Finally, we apply these operators to deal with multiple-attribute group decision making under interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy information. For this, we construct an algorithm for multiple-attribute group decision making. Lastly, we also construct a numerical example for multiple-attribute group decision making.
A semianalytical approach for determining the nonclassical mechanical properties of materials
Authors: Zamani Kouhpanji Mohammad Reza , Jafaraghaei Usef
Published: February 2018

In this article, a semianalytical approach for demonstrating elastic waves’ propagation in nanostructures has been presented based on the modified couple-stress theory including acceleration gradients (MCST-AG). Using the experimental results and atomic simulations, the static and dynamic length scales were calculated for several materials, zinc oxide (ZnO), silicon (Si), silicon carbide (SiC), indium antimonide (InSb), and diamond. To evaluate the predicted static and dynamic length scales as well as the presented model, the natural frequencies of a beam in addition to the phase velocity and group velocity of Si were studied and compared with the available static length scales, estimated using strain-gradient theory without considering acceleration gradients (SGT). These three criteria, natural frequency, phase velocity, and group velocity, show that the presented model is dynamically stable even for larger wavevector values. Furthermore, it is explained why the previous works, which all are based on the SGT, predicted very small values for the static length scale in the longitudinal direction comparing the static length scale in the transverse directions.
Philanthropic Foundation Strategies to Advance Systems Reform: Perceptions from Frontline Change Implementers
Authors: Bryan Tara Kolar , Isett Kimberley R.
Published: February 2018

This article examines the strategies and processes pursued by one foundation aimed at accelerating systems change reform efforts in four states. The findings suggest four strategies the Foundation employed in reform efforts: partnering with state policy actors to accelerate systems change efforts, providing technical assistance to support implementation, leveraging the reputation of the Foundation toward systems change goals, and facilitating the dissemination of innovation to states and localities. This study contributes to the literature by documenting the combination of strategies the Foundation applied in their effort to advance systems change, and by exploring the perspective of system professionals on what Foundation activities were viewed as more or less successful. Because systems change entails both policy and operational change, this study suggests foundation strategies need to harness both traditional approaches, such as targeting policy change, as well as approaches less traditionally used that may require new skill sets for foundations, including field building activities that enable system professionals to implement the change effectively.
Achilles from Homer to the Masters of Late Archaic Poetry, or: Frompathosto Splendour
Authors: Peri Annamaria
Published: February 2018

Late archaic lyric poetry tends to obscure all pathetic and tragic elements of Achilles’ destiny present in theIliad. The offence against his honour, his grief for Patroclus, his yearning for native Phthia, and a painful awareness of being ὠκύμορος (“short-lived”) – none of these themes play a role in the passages of Pindar, Bacchylides or Simonides where Achilles is mentioned. Yet each of these three poets operates differently with regard to the epic source, and it is worth investigating how they do so.
Introduction to environmental engineering
Authors: Šalić Anita , Zelić Bruno
Published: February 2018

Nowadays we can easily say that environmental engineering is truly an interdisciplinary science. Combining biology, ecology, geology, geography, mathematics, chemistry, agronomy, medicine, economy, etc. environmental engineering strives to use environmental understanding and advancements in technology to serve mankind by decreasing production of environmental hazards and the effects of those hazards already present in the soil, water, and air. Major activities of environmental engineer involve water supply, waste water and solid management, air and noise pollution control, environmental sustainability, environmental impact assessment, climate changes, etc. And all this with only one main goal – to prevent or reduce undesirable impacts of human activities on the environment. To ensure we all have tomorrow.
Some existence results and stability concepts for partial fractional random integral equations with multiple delay
Authors: Abbas Saïd , Benchohra Mouffak , Darwish Mohamed Abdalla
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we present some results concerning the existence and the stability of solutions for some functional integral equations of Riemann–Liouville
fractional order with random effects and multiple delay, by applying a random fixed point theorem with stochastic domain and the measure of noncompactness.
Evaluation and comparison of NIR multi-product calibration
methods for Brix prediction
Authors: Kopf Michael , Gruna Robin , Längle Thomas , Beyerer Jürgen
Published: February 2018

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a widespread technology for
fruit and vegetable quality assessment. New fields of application of
this technology, like mobile food analysis with handheld low-cost
spectrometers, increase the demand for chemometric calibration models
that are able to deal with multiple products and varieties thereof at
once (so-called multi-product calibration models). While
there are well studied methods for single-product calibration as
partial least squares regression (PLSR), multi-product
calibration is still challenging. Conventional approaches that work
well for single-product calibration can lead to high errors for
multi-product calibration. However, nonlinear methods as local
regression and artificial neural networks were found to be
suitable

E. Micklander, K. Kjeldahl, M. Egebo, and L. Norgaard.
Multi-product calibration models of near-infrared spectra of foods.
Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 14:395–402, 2006.

L. R. Lopez, T. Behrens, K. Schmidt, A. Stevens, J. A. M. Dematte, and
T. Scholten.
The spectrum-based learner: A new local approach for modeling soil
vis-NIR spectra of complex datasets.
Geoderma, 195–196:268–279, 2013.

. Preliminary studies in
multi-product calibration for quantitative analysis of food with
near-infrared spectroscopy showed good results for
memory-based learning (MBL) and a classification
prediction hierarchy (CPH)

M. C. Kopf and R. Gruna.
Examination of multiproduct calibration approaches for quantitative
analysis of food with near infrared spectroscopy.
Bachelor's thesis, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, 2016.

. In this study, three
varieties of apples, pears and tomatoes with known sugar content (in
○Brix) are analysed with NIR hyperspectral imaging
spectroscopy in the range from 900 nm to
2400 nm. Predictive performance of a linear PLSR model, two
nonlinear models (CPH and MBL) and different pre-processing techniques
are tested and evaluated. For error estimation,
leave-one-product-out and leave-one-out
cross-validation are used.
Conformal Cosmology with a Complex Scalar Field and a Gauge-Mediated Supersymmetric Breaking Potential
Authors: El-Nabulsi Rami Ahmad
Published: February 2018

We discuss the implications of a complex scalar field in conformal cosmology in the presence of a gauge-mediated supersymmetric (SUSY) breaking potential. A connection between the cosmological constant, the SUSY mass of the field and the Hubble mass is obtained. The transition from the complex to the real scalar field reveals a number of results in FRW cosmology, which are in agreement with data provided by recent astronomical observations, in particular, the pulsating white dwarf G116-B15A concerning the estimates of the probable range of the gravitational constant.
Synthesis, vibrational spectra and single-crystal structure determination of lithium tricyanomethanide Li[C(CN)3]
Authors: Reckeweg Olaf , Conrad Maurice , Schulz Armin , DiSalvo Francis J. , Schleid Thomas
Published: February 2018

The long-elusive structure of lithium tricyanomethanide Li[C(CN)3] has been determined on the basis of material synthesized via a metathesis reaction of Ag[C(CN)3] with LiCl in water driven by AgCl precipitation and subsequently recrystallization from methanol. Li[C(CN)3] crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric orthorhombic space group Ima2 with the unit-cell parameters a=751.06(4), b=1059.75(6) and c=563.27(3) pm adopting a unique structure with planar [C(CN)3]− anions exhibiting nearly ideal trigonal planar D
3

h
symmetry. The Li+ cations are coordinated by five independent tricyanomethanide anions forming a distorted square pyramid with Li–N distances between 202 and 249 pm. The vibrational frequencies were also determined and along with other properties of Li[C(CN)3] compared with those of related compounds.
Examination of Coach and Player Perceptions of Recovery and Exertion
Authors: Kraft Justin A. , Laurent Matthew C. , Green James M. , Helm Jessica , Roberts Cooper , Holt Swan
Published: February 2018

Kraft, JA, Laurent, ML, Green, JM, Helm, J, Roberts, C, and Holt, S. Examination of coach and player perceptions of recovery and exertion. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1383–1391, 2020—Monitoring training and recovery are essential for exercise programming. Athletes can validly assess training load (TL) via the session rating of perceived exertion (SRPE) technique. However, it is unclear if coaches can successfully use this model. This study compared coach and athlete perceptions of effort and recovery, and it evaluated the efficacy of perceptually based TL monitoring. Participants included 56 athletes (Women's volleyball, soccer, and basketball and Men's basketball) and their coaches (n = 4). Perceived recovery was estimated via the Perceived Recovery Status scale. Scores of TL were calculated using the Edward's heart rate (HR) method and by multiplying SRPE by duration. Coaches provided an intended SRPE (SRPE-CI) before practice. Also, SRPE was independently estimated by coaches (SRPE-CO) and athletes (SRPE-A) ∼15–20 minutes after practice. Paired t-tests and Pearson’s correlations were applied to make comparisons (α ≤ 0.05). Values of SRPE-CI, SRPE-CO, SRPE-A TLs were strongly correlated with Edwards' HR-based TLs (R = 0.74, 0.73, and 0.76, respectively). However, SRPE-CI (5.5 ± 1.9) and SRPE-CO (5.0 ± 1.9) was higher than SRPE-A (4.5 ± 1.9). Coaches estimated recovery higher than athletes (7.1 ± 1.3 vs. 5.8 ± 1.6). Estimates of TL strongly correlated with Edwards' TL regardless of information source (coach or athlete) or time point (SRPE-CI TL or SRPE-CO TL). Results suggest that coaches' perceptions validly indicated TL. Coaches' perceptions provide parallel information (correlated strongly with Edwards TL) but not identical information (demonstrated by differences in SRPE) as athlete perceptions. Differences in perceived recovery indicate that coaches overestimate recovery when compared with athletes' perceptions.
Effects of Combined Balance and Plyometric Training on Athletic Performance in Female Basketball Players
Authors: Bouteraa Ichrak , Negra Yassine , Shephard Roy J. , Chelly Mohamed Souhaiel
Published: February 2018

Bouteraa, I, Negra, Y, Shephard, RJ, and Chelly, MS. Effects of combined balance and plyometric training on athletic performance in female basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 1967–1973, 2020—The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 8 weeks combined balance and plyometric training on the physical fitness of female adolescent basketball players. Twenty-six healthy regional-level players were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (E; n = 16, age = 16.4 ± 0.5) or a control group (C; n = 10, age = 16.5 ± 0.5). C maintained their normal basketball training schedule, whereas for 8 weeks E replaced a part of their standard regimen by biweekly combined training sessions. Testing before and after training included the squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), drop jump (DJ), 5-, 10-, and 20-m sprints, Stork balance test (SBT), Y-balance test (YBT) and modified Illinois change of direction test (MICODT). Results indicated no significant intergroup differences in SJ and CMJ height; however, E increased their DJ height (p < 0.05, Cohens'd = 0.11). No significant intergroup differences were found for sprint performance or SBT, but dynamic YBT tended to a significant group interaction (p = 0.087, d = 0.006). Post hoc analysis also showed a significant increase of MICODT for E (Δ 6.68%, p = 0.041, d = 0.084). In summary, the addition of 8 weeks of balance and plyometric training to regular in-season basketball training proved a safe and feasible intervention that enhanced DJ height, balance, and agility for female adolescent basketball players relative to the standard basketball training regimen.
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection and Mucosal Immunity in Young Ice Hockey Players During the Pretournament Training Period
Authors: Orysiak Joanna , Witek Konrad , Malczewska-Lenczowska Jadwiga , Zembron-Lacny Agnieszka , Pokrywka Andrzej , Sitkowski Dariusz
Published: February 2018

Orysiak, J, Witek, K, Malczewska-Lenczowska, J, Zembron-Lacny, A, Pokrywka, A, and Sitkowski, D. Upper respiratory tract infection and mucosal immunity in young ice hockey players during the pretournament training period. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 3129–3135, 2019—The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 17 days of training during preparation for the Ice Hockey Under 18 World Championship of the Polish ice hockey national team on the mucosal immune function and monitor upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) incidence before, during, and after the competition. Twelve male ice hockey players (age, 17.7 ± 0.5 years) were recruited for this study. The first saliva and blood collection took place at the beginning of the training camp (without training at the training camp), the second one was collected on the 9th day of the training camp immediately after the intensification of training, and the third collection was performed on the 13th day of training (4 days before leaving for the World Championship) in the tapering phase. To assess the mucosal immune function, concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), sIgA1, and sIgA2 were analyzed in saliva. Cortisol concentration and creatine kinase activity were determined in blood, as indicators of stress and muscle damage, respectively. The Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey-21 questionnaire was used to assess URTI symptoms. A significant increase in the sIgA1 and sIgA2 concentrations was observed in the third collection compared with the second time point (114.45 ± 33.00 vs. 77.49 ± 27.29 and 88.97 ± 25.33 vs. 71.65 ± 32.44 U, respectively). There were no statistically significant correlations between the URTI incidence and saliva variables. In conclusion, the tapering period positively affects the mucosal immune function, especially sIgA1 and sIgA2 concentrations, with no significant change in the frequency of URTI in young ice hockey players.
High-Frequency Resistance Training Is Not More Effective Than Low-Frequency Resistance Training in Increasing Muscle Mass and Strength in Well-Trained Men
Authors: Gomes Gederson K. , Franco Cristiane M. , Nunes Paulo Ricardo P. , Orsatti Fábio L.
Published: February 2018

Gomes, GK, Franco, CM, Nunes, PRP, and Orsatti, FL. High-frequency resistance training is not more effective than low-frequency resistance training in increasing muscle mass and strength in well-trained men. J Strength Cond Res 33(7S): S130–S139, 2019—We studied the effects of 2 different weekly frequency resistance training (RT) protocols over 8 weeks on muscle strength and muscle hypertrophy in well-trained men. Twenty-three subjects (age: 26.2 ± 4.2 years; RT experience: 6.9 ± 3.1 years) were randomly allocated into the 2 groups: low-frequency resistance training (LFRT, n = 12) or high-frequency resistance training (HFRT, n = 11). The LFRT performed a split-body routine, training each specific muscle group once a week. The HFRT performed a total-body routine, training all muscle groups every session. Both groups performed the same number of sets (10–15 sets) and exercises (1–2 exercise) per week, 8–12 repetitions maximum (70–80% of 1 repetition maximum [1RM]), 5 times per week. Muscle strength (bench press and squat 1RM) and lean tissue mass (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) were assessed before and at the end of the study. Results showed that both groups improved (p < 0.001) muscle strength {LFRT and HFRT: bench press = 5.6 kg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9–9.4) and 9.7 kg (95% CI: 4.6–14.9) and squat = 8.0 kg (95% CI: 2.7–13.2) and 12.0 kg (95% CI: 5.1–18.1), respectively} and lean tissue mass (p = 0.007) (LFRT and HFRT: total body lean mass = 0.5 kg [95% CI: 0.0–1.1] and 0.8 kg [95% CI: 0.0–1.6], respectively) with no difference between groups (bench press, p = 0.168; squat, p = 0.312, and total body lean mass, p = 0.619). Thus, HFRT and LFRT are similar overload strategies for promoting muscular adaptation in well-trained subjects when the sets and intensity are equated per week.
A Damage Sensor Associated with the Cuticle Coordinates Three Core Environmental Stress Responses inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Dodd William , Tang Lanlan , Lone Jean-Christophe , Wimberly Keon , Wu Cheng-Wei , Consalvo Claudia , Wright Joni E , Pujol Nathalie , Choe Keith P
Published: February 2018

Although extracellular matrices function as protective barriers to many types of environmental insult, their role in sensing stress and regulating adaptive gene induction responses has not been studied carefully...

Extracellular matrix barriers and inducible cytoprotective genes form successive lines of defense against chemical and microbial environmental stressors. The barrier in nematodes is a collagenous extracellular matrix called the cuticle. In Caenorhabditis elegans, disruption of some cuticle collagen genes activates osmolyte and antimicrobial response genes. Physical damage to the epidermis also activates antimicrobial responses. Here, we assayed the effect of knocking down genes required for cuticle and epidermal integrity on diverse cellular stress responses. We found that disruption of specific bands of collagen, called annular furrows, coactivates detoxification, hyperosmotic, and antimicrobial response genes, but not other stress responses. Disruption of other cuticle structures and epidermal integrity does not have the same effect. Several transcription factors act downstream of furrow loss. SKN-1/Nrf and ELT-3/GATA are required for detoxification, SKN-1/Nrf is partially required for the osmolyte response, and STA-2/Stat and ELT-3/GATA for antimicrobial gene expression. Our results are consistent with a cuticle-associated damage sensor that coordinates detoxification, hyperosmotic, and antimicrobial responses through overlapping, but distinct, downstream signaling.