bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study protocol of a pilot randomised controlled trial assessing the feasibility and acceptability of RecoverEsupport: a digital health intervention to enhance recovery in women undergoing surgery for breast cancer
Authors: Sansalone Emma , Zucca Alison , Duncan Mitch J , Morris Owen , Smith Stephen Ridley , Robinson Sancha , Chenery Rebecca , Moore Helen , Viana da Silva Priscilla , Riley Lara , Palazzi-Parsons Anna , Reeves Penny , Oldmeadow Christopher , Wyse Rebecca
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Internationally, breast cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer with approximately 2.3 million people diagnosed each year. 40% will require a mastectomy which has an average length of hospital stay of 1–2 days. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) guidelines include the following patient-managed recommendations: early mobilisation, early eating and drinking, opioid minimisation and physiotherapy exercises. Low adherence rates to these recommendations suggest that patients need support to do these things. A digital health intervention (DHI) may provide an effective, cost-effective and scalable solution. This pilot trial aims to assess the feasibility of conducting a trial of RecoverEsupport and the acceptability of the RecoverEsupport intervention to support patients to recover from breast cancer surgery.

Methods and analysis

Participants will be recruited from the perioperative clinic and breast surgery units at a major cancer hospital in New South Wales, Australia and randomised (1:1) to receive (1) control: usual care or (2) intervention: usual care plus RecoverEsupport. The DHI incorporates the following evidence-based behaviour change strategies: education, self-monitoring and feedback and prompts and cues. The primary trial aims are to assess the feasibility of the trial and the acceptability of the RecoverEsupport intervention. The secondary aims are to assess preliminary efficacy and cost-effectiveness regarding the length of hospital stay. Data regarding patient behaviours related to patient-managed ERAS recommendations, Quality of Life, European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), Quality of Recovery (QOR-15), Anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), hospital readmissions, emergency department presentations and health service utilisation postdischarge will also be collected.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committees of the Hunter New England Local Health District (2022/ETH02010), the University of Newcastle (H-2023–0298) and the Calvary Mater Newcastle (2022/STE03757). Trial outcomes will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

Trial registration number

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12624000417583.
Protocol for a systematic review of economic evaluations considering costs and health outcomes of weather and climate-related extreme events in humans
Authors: Babashahi Saeideh , Iwuji Collins , Orievulu Kingsley , Eyita-Okon Ekeminiabasi , Kniveton Dominic
Published: February 2025

Background

Extreme weather and climate-related events are increasing in frequency and intensity, which pose substantial human casualties and economic losses. The healthcare and health-determining sectors require information about how extreme weather events affect the population’s health, healthcare and other sectors’ capacities to prepare for and manage these events and their aftermath. We aim to conduct a systematic review to identify the recent evidence on the costs and health outcomes of extreme weather events in humans.

Methods and analysis

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines were followed for reporting this protocol. A comprehensive search will be conducted using several search engines, for example, PubMed, Scopus and Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science. Peer-reviewed and grey literature published in English that evaluated the health outcomes and costs of extreme climate events will be retrieved without restriction on the publication year or geographical location. Two reviewers will independently assess each study for inclusion. Study quality will be evaluated with the recommended quality assessment tools. Data will be reported using descriptive statistics, graphical plots and a narrative synthesis.

Ethics and dissemination

An ethical assessment was not required. The data generated from the systematic review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal articles and international conferences and will inform our original research study.

PROSPERO registration number

This systematic review has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration ID: CRD42024582635).
Effects of biologic therapy on novel indices of lung inhomogeneity in patients with severe type-2 high asthma
Authors: Alamoudi Asma , Petralia Lorenzo , Smith Nicholas M J , Xu Haopeng , Sandhu Dominic , Richmond Graham , Talbot Nick P , Ritchie Grant AD , Pavord Ian , Robbins Peter A , Petousi Nayia
Published: February 2025

Introduction/Aim

Lung inhomogeneity measures obtained using computed cardiopulmonography (CCP) are sensitive to small-airways disease. Here, we assessed changes in lung inhomogeneity in patients with type-2 high asthma treated with biological therapy and explored the relationship between inhomogeneity measures and conventional asthma disease markers.

Methods

This was an observational study of 91 severe type-2 high asthma patients recruited from a tertiary asthma clinic, of whom 67 subsequently started anti-IL5 or anti-IL5R biologics. Patients were evaluated at baseline and, 54 of those commencing biologics, at their fourth injection with either mepolizumab or benralizumab. Assessments included prebronchodilator and postbronchodilator CCP and spirometry, and measurements of blood eosinophil count (BEC), fractional exhaled nitric oxide and Asthma-Symptom Questionnaire (ACQ-5).

Results

Bronchodilation significantly reduced σlnCl, a novel CCP-derived ventilation inhomogeneity index, (ΔσlnCl−0.08, 95% CI (−0.10 to –0.05), p<0.001). Baseline σlnCl, but not forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % predicted, was significantly associated with BEC (linear mixed-effects (LME) regression coefficient for BEC 0.18, 95% CI (0.04, 0.32), p=0.01). Following biologics, improvements in σlnClwere significantly dependent on BEC (LME regression coefficient +0.19, 95% CI (0.11, 0.27), p<0.001) whereas improvements in FEV1% predicted related to both BEC and ACQ-5 responses (LME coefficients: BEC −10.8 % pred, 95% CI (−16.1,–5.5); ACQ-5 –3.5 % pred, 95% CI (−5.1 to –1.9), p<0.001). Following biologics, the change in σlnClfollowed a bimodal distribution that dichotomised patients into σlnCl-Responders and σlnCl-Non-Responders. Responders, unlike Non-Responders, experienced significant improvements in symptoms and FEV1% predicted (Δ pre-BD FEV115±15% pred, p<0.001) and included a higher proportion of patients in clinical remission at 1 year.

Conclusion

σlnClis strongly associated with systemic eosinophilic inflammation in severe type-2 high asthma. An early σlnClresponse following anti-IL5 biologics identifies patients more likely to experience improvements in symptoms and lung function when systemic eosinophils are depleted. σlnClmay provide a sensitive route for tracking inflammation involving the small airways.
NNLO PDFs driven by top-quark data
Authors: Alekhin S. , Garzelli M. V. , Moch S.-O. , Zenaiev O.
Published: February 2025

We study the impact of state-of-the-art top-quark data collected at the large hadron collider on parton distribution functions (PDFs). Following the ABMP methodology, the fit extracts simultaneously proton PDFs, the strong coupling

$$\alpha _s(M_Z)$$

α
s

(

M
Z

)

and heavy-quark masses at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy in QCD. It includes recent high-statistics data on absolute total inclusive cross sections for   

$$t\bar{t}+X$$

t

t

¯

+
X

, the sum of

$$(t + X)$$

(
t
+
X
)

and

$$(\bar{t} + X)$$

(

t

¯

+
X
)

hadroproduction, and normalized inclusive data double-differential in the invariant mass and rapidity of the

$$t\bar{t}$$

t

t

¯

pair at

$$\sqrt{S}=13$$

S

=
13

 TeV. The gluon PDF at large x and the top-quark mass value derived from these data are well compatible with the previous ABMP16 results, but with significantly smaller uncertainties, reduced by up to a factor of two. At NNLO in QCD we obtain for the strong coupling the value

$$\alpha _s^{(n_f=5)}(M_Z)= 0.1150 \pm 0.0009$$

α
s

(

n
f

=
5
)

(

M
Z

)

=
0.1150
±
0.0009

and for the top-quark mass in the

$${\overline{\text{ MS }}}$$

MS

¯

-scheme

$$m_t(m_t) = 160.6 \pm 0.6$$

m
t

(

m
t

)

=
160.6
±
0.6

 GeV, corresponding to

$$m_t^\textrm{pole} = 170.2 \pm 0.7$$

m
t
pole

=
170.2
±
0.7

 GeV in the on-shell scheme. The new fit, dubbed ABMPtt, is publicly released in grids in LHAPDF format.
Signatures of Routes to Chaos
Authors: Tiwari Ankit , Roy Binoy Krishna
Published: February 2025

Chaos is ubiquitous in nonlinear dynamical systems. It is a hidden state of deterministic disorder in certain regions of parameters and initial conditions of a nonlinear system. The path taken by the system to reach chaos is known as its route to chaos. The state of the system can drastically change from a stable fixed point or a periodic solution to chaos due to the effect of local or global bifurcation. The available tools, such as bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov spectra, Poincaré maps, phase plots, and time series plots, explore the routes for such qualitative changes. These are tiresome procedures. For more efficient verifications, this work offers a guide or catalog for several routes to chaos (RTC) through which a continuous-time dynamical system enters or exits from chaos. Additionally, this review paper highlights various signatures associated with common RTC to make identification easier. The main emphasis is on enabling a reader to assess these RTC by merely observing the explained signatures in the bifurcation diagrams and the Poincaré maps.
An Industrial System for Inspecting Product Quality Based on Machine Vision and Deep Learning
Authors: Nguyen Xuan-Thuan , Mac Thi-Thoa , Nguyen Quang-Dinh , Bui Huy-Anh
Published: February 2025

With the breakthrough development of technology in the 4.0 digitalization era, computer vision and deep learning have emerged as promising technologies for industrial quality inspection. By leveraging the power of machine learning algorithms, computer vision systems can automatically detect and classify defects in industrial products with high precision and efficiency. As the system processes more data and identifies more complicated defects, it can become more accurate and efficient in detecting imperfections and ensuring product quality. This paper proposes an inspection system integrated with the YOLOv8 network to assess the quality of products based on their surface. The data multi-threading mechanism is also applied in the system to ensure real-time processing operations. The experimental results show that the proposed system reaches high detection accuracy among different types of defects, at above 90%. Additionally, the proposed model reveals that the scratch defect is the most difficult error to detect, requiring a long time for decision analysis.
1. Introduction
Authors: Lawrence Ursula , de Freitas Michael , Howarth Claire
Published: February 2025

Chapter 1 introduces the EGSP including the Working Party membership, the remit of the WP, the structure of the book including a summary of the contents. Also key terms and concepts that are developed within the EGSP.
Obfuscated Clone Search in JavaScript based on Reinforcement Subsequence Learning
Authors: Song Leo , Ding Steven H. H. , Tian Yuan , Li Li Tao , Ou Weihan , Charland Philippe , Walenstein Andrew
Published: February 2025

Finding similar code is important for software engineering, defense of intellectual property, and security, and one of the increasingly common ways adversaries use to defeat the detection of similar code is through obfuscations such as code transformation and scattering the code they wish to hide amongst long sequences. Moving code far enough apart poses a specific challenge for solutions with localized features (e.g., n-grams) or attention mechanisms as the code parts are distributed beyond the local context window. We introduce a neural network solution pattern called “Cybertron” that addresses this problem by utilizing reinforcement learning to train a code abstraction and summarization function; this converts arbitrarily long code into fixed-length real vectors in a way that is optimized for similarity search. The key to the design is the smart selection of important elements of the code and abstraction to preserve semantic function while minimizing syntactic feature information. We evaluated the approach on a three-challenge benchmark of obfuscated JavaScript, a scripting language that is commonly obfuscated and for which code-mixing is a rising challenge. The evaluation shows our approach identifies obfuscated code within even large scripts with an AUC of 78%, which outperforms current state-of-the-art sequence models by 7-35%.
WebAssembly for Container Runtime: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Liu Mugeng , Shen Haiyang , Zhang Yixuan , Mei Hong , Ma Yun
Published: February 2025

To pursue more efficient software deployment with containers, WebAssembly (abbreviated as Wasm) has long been regarded as a promising alternative to native container runtime (such as Docker container) due to its features of secure memory sandbox, lightweight isolation, portability, and multi-language support. However, it remains unknown whether and how much Wasm indeed brings benefits for containerized software applications. To fill the knowledge gap, this paper presents the first measurement study on Wasm-based container runtime (i.e., Wasm container) by comparison with the Docker container and native standalone Wasm runtime for execution performance in terms of the startup, computation, system interface access, and resource consumption. Surprisingly, we find that the Wasm container does not achieve better performance versus the Docker container as expected and introduces significant overhead compared to the standalone Wasm runtime. Through comparison, we identify the main causes of performance degradation for Wasm containers. Some stem from the heavy containerization overhead similar to Docker containers, while others are inherently caused by Wasm VMs and the WASI interface. Our findings can help software developers, Wasm container developers and the Wasm community improve the efficiency of utilizing Wasm-based container runtime, ultimately optimizing software performance.
MALACHITE - Enabling Users to Teach GUI-Aware Natural Language Interfaces
Authors: Ruoff Marcel , Myers Brad A. , Maedche Alexander
Published: February 2025

Users can adapt contemporary natural language interfaces (NLIs) by teaching the NLIs how to handle new natural language (NL) inputs. One promising approach is interactive task learning (ITL), which enables users to teach new NL inputs for multi-modal systems. While recent advances enable users to teach the syntactic and semantic level of the NL inputs through ITL, NLIs are still not able to learn how to consider the context, such as the current state of the graphical user interface (GUI). To address this challenge, we designed
MALACHITE
through three formative studies.
MALACHITE
enables users to successfully teach NL inputs on a semantic and syntactic level leveraging the GUI screen of a data visualization tool. With two evaluative studies, we provide evidence that with
MALACHITE
's suggestions users significantly improve their accuracy by a factor of 2.3 in teaching GUI-dependent NL inputs in contrast to those without MALACHITE's suggestions.
Multi-Grained Alignment with Knowledge Distillation for Partially Relevant Video Retrieval
Authors: Zhang Qun , Yang Chao , Jiang Bin , Zhang Bolin
Published: February 2025

Partially Relevant Video Retrieval (PRVR) aims to accurately retrieve the most relevant video in response to a query from untrimmed videos. The analysis of video content can be done at three different granularities: frame-level, clip-level, and video-level. Previous methods have focused on one or two of these levels for alignment, limiting the exploration of the video semantics. Moreover, some methods use video-level alignment and apply a self-attention mechanism to generate video-level features, but this may not be ideal as the entire video may not be relevant to the query. We propose a
M
ulti-
G
rained
A
lignment framework with
K
nowledge
D
istillation (MGAKD), which purifies the cross-modal alignment knowledge from the Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) model and achieves multi-grained alignment. It extracts cross-modal alignment knowledge from CLIP and imparts this knowledge to the designed student model. For the student model, two branches are designed: an inheritance branch and an exploration branch. The inheritance branch absorbs the knowledge of cross-modal alignment from the CLIP. The exploration branch explores visual features at three granularities: frame-level, clip-level, and video-level. Specifically, we directly align the extracted frame features of the video with the query features to achieve frame-level alignment. In clip-level alignment, the use of Gaussian masks allows for the representation of the beginning, climax, and end of an event. By employing Gaussian masks, we are able to implicitly model clip-level features, resulting in clip features that contain a richer set of contextual information. To further enhance video-level feature exploration, we apply clip-guided attention to generate diverse video-level features based on different queries. This strategy effectively prevents irrelevant video moments from affecting the alignment of videos and queries. We conduct extensive experiments on two publicly available datasets, and the experimental results have surpassed those of the state-of-the-art method, showcasing the superior performance of the proposed method.
Supracortical Microstimulation: Advances in Microelectrode Design and In Vivo Validation
Authors: Schmitz Cecilia , Smith J. Evan , Rachinskiy Iakov , Pesaran Bijan , Vitale Flavia , Sommer Marc , Viventi Jonathan
Published: February 2025

Electrical stimulation of the brain is being developed as a treatment for an increasing number of neurological disorders. Technologies for delivering electrical stimulation are advancing rapidly and vary in specificity, coverage, and invasiveness. Supracortical microstimulation (SCMS), characterized by microelectrode contacts placed on the epidural or subdural cortical surface, achieves a balance between the advantages and limitations of other electrical stimulation technologies by delivering spatially precise activation without disrupting the integrity of the cortex. However, in vivo experiments involving SCMS have not been comprehensively summarized. Here, we review the field of SCMS, focusing on recent advances, to guide the development of clinically translatable supracortical microelectrodes. We also highlight the gaps in our understanding of the biophysical effects of this technology. Future work investigating the unique electrochemical properties of supracortical microelectrodes and validating SCMS in nonhuman primate preclinical studies can enable rapid clinical translation of innovative treatments for humans with neurological disorders.
Predicting Extranodal Extension with Preoperative Contrast-enhanced CT in Patients with Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hughes Ryan T. , Lack Christopher M. , Sachs Jeffrey R. , Hiatt Kevin D. , Smith Sydney , Steber Cole R. , Aly Fatima Z. , D’Agostino Ralph B. , Bunch Paul M.
Published: February 2025

In patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing preoperative contrast-enhanced CT, a user-friendly predictive model was developed to identify patients with a high risk of pathologic extranodal extension and to guide oncologic care.
Plasma levels of sTREM2 in chronic heart failure: predictors and prognostic relevance
Authors: Traub Jan , Beyersdorf Niklas , Sell Roxanne , Frantz Stefan , Störk Stefan , Stoll Guido , Frey Anna
Published: February 2025

This study establishes a significant association between elevated plasma sTREM2 levels and cognitive impairment in chronic patients with heart failure (HF), particularly in working memory and attention. Although higher sTREM2 levels correlated with worse survival in unadjusted analyses, they did not emerge as independent predictors of mortality once adjustments had been made for age and heart failure severity. These findings suggest that plasma sTREM2 may serve as a valuable biomarker for detecting HF-related mild cognitive impairment.
Submandibular gland removal decreases avoidance of bitter taste in mice
Authors: Narukawa Masataka , Matsuhara Yukino , Umano Remi , Murata Momo , Watari Ippei , Ono Takashi , Misaka Takumi
Published: February 2025

Using mouse models with surgically removed parotid glands (PGs), submandibular glands (SMGs), or sublingual glands (SLGs), we examined taste preferences. PG- and SLG-removed mice showed no significant changes in preference, but SMG removal notably reduced the avoidance of bitter compounds. Although the salivary protein concentration remained unchanged, its composition was altered by SMG removal, suggesting that these changes may underlie the modified perception of bitter taste.
Fluxomics Combined with Shotgun Proteomics Reveals a Differential Response of Bovine Kidney Cells to Extracellular Palmitic and α-Linolenic Acid
Authors: Beckett Linda M. , Scinto Sara , Shelton Emma , Gouveia Kyrstin M. , Andolino Chaylen , Hill Addison M. , Sunny Nishanth E. , Hilger Susan , Sheeley Madeline P. , Guimarães-Laguna Juliana , Teegarden Dorothy , Casey Theresa M. , Donkin Shawn S.
Published: February 2025

Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) catalyzes the formation of oxaloacetate, a TCA cycle intermediate and gluconeogenic substrate. Altering saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratio alters PC expression, suggesting a central role in mediating carbon flow through metabolic pathways. Herein, we describe changes in metabolic flux of TCA cycle intermediates and proteome in Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells with PC expression knocked-down (PC-KD), overexpressed (PC-OE), unaltered using a Scramble control, or cells pretreated for 21 h with vehicle control bovine serum albumin (BSA) or different ratios of palmitic acid (P) and α-linolenic acid (L) ranging from 1 mM P:0 mM L (1P:0L) to 0P:1L. All cells were collected for proteome analysis and to measure [U-13C] pyruvate flux or oxidation of [1-14C] palmitic acid and [U-14C] lactate. Compared to Scramble, 13C enrichment of all TCA cycle intermediates was greater in PC-OE, but all were reduced in PC-KD except succinate. Proteins greater in abundance in both cell lines included solute transporters, propionyl CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid binding protein 3. Relative to BSA, 1P:0L increased cell death and increased 13C flux to citrate but decreased enrichment of succinate. Abundance of citrate synthase, aconitase, glutamine aminotransferases, and succinyl CoA synthetases was greater in 1P:0L, but not different in other pretreatments. Results indicate preferential utilization of pyruvate and amino acids by 1P:0L cells whereas 0P:1L treated cells show preference for α-linolenic acid metabolism. PC regulates metabolic flux, C18:3n-3 cis prevents lipotoxicity, and both alterations in PC and addition of C18:3n-3 cis promote oxidation of fatty acids.
The Bidirectional Relationship Between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Chronic Headache Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Rohilla Shivam , Bushi Ganesh , Khatib Mahalaqua Nazli , Ballal Suhas , Bansal Pooja , Tomar Balvir S. , Ashraf Ayash , M. Ravi Kumar , Sinha Aashna , Rawat Pramod , Gaidhane Abhay M. , Sah Sanjit , Serhan Hashem Abu , Shabil Muhammed
Published: February 2025

Background and Objective: IDA and chronic headache disorders such as migraines and tension‐type headaches are common conditions that significantly affect quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between these two conditions. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to explore and quantify the association between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and chronic headache disorders, with a focus on understanding the bidirectional nature of this relationship.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies published up until August 10, 2024. Observational studies examining the prevalence, incidence, or association between IDA and chronic headache disorders were included. Data were extracted and assessed for quality using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Meta‐analyses were performed using a random‐effects model to calculate pooled prevalence rates and risk ratios (RRs), with heterogeneity assessed via the I2 statistic and meta‐regression. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using the leave‐one‐out approach, and publication bias was evaluated through a funnel plot.

Results: The meta‐analysis included 13 studies: five studies examined chronic headaches among patients with IDA, and eight studies examined IDA among patients with chronic headaches. The pooled prevalence of chronic headaches among patients with IDA was 38% (95% CI: 15%–69%). In addition, 20% (95% CI: 10%–35%) of patients with chronic headaches were found to have IDA. Anemic patients were found to have a 76% higher risk of developing chronic headaches compared to nonanemic individuals (RR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.22–2.52). Significant heterogeneity was observed across the studies.

Conclusion: This meta‐analysis demonstrates a significant association between IDA and chronic headache disorders, with a pooled prevalence of 38% for chronic headaches in IDA patients and 20% for IDA in chronic headache patients. IDA was associated with a 76% higher risk of chronic headaches. Routine screening for IDA in high‐risk populations may improve headache outcomes, but further longitudinal studies are needed to establish causality and refine management strategies.
Predicting Course Grades Through Comprehensive Modeling of Students’ Learning Behavioral Patterns
Authors: Hooshyar Danial , Yang Yeongwook
Published: February 2025

While modeling students’ learning behavior or preferences has been found to be a crucial indicator for their course achievement, very few studies have considered it in predicting the achievement of students in online courses. This study aims to model students’ online learning behavior and accordingly predict their course achievement. First, feature vectors are developed using their aggregated action logs during a course. Second, some of these feature vectors are quantified into three numeric values that are used to model students’ learning behavior, namely, accessing learning resources (content access), engaging with peers (engagement), and taking assessment tests (assessment). Both students’ feature vectors and behavior models constitute a comprehensive student’s learning behavioral pattern which is later used for the prediction of their course achievement. Lastly, using a multiple‐criteria decision‐making method (i.e., TOPSIS), the best classification methods were identified for courses with different sizes. Our findings revealed that the proposed generalizable approach could successfully predict students’ achievement in courses with different numbers of students and features, showing the stability of the approach. Decision tree and AdaBoost classification methods appeared to outperform other existing methods on different datasets. Moreover, our results provide evidence that it is feasible to predict students’ course achievement with high accuracy through modeling their learning behavior during online courses.
Bilateral Foveal Damage Induced by Indirect Picosecond Nd:YAG Laser Exposure: A Case Report
Authors: Miyake Takahiro , Kimura Naoki , Gomi Fumi
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Accidental retinal injuries caused by lasers without appropriate eye protection are not rare; most cases are unilateral. We report the case of a medical nurse who sustained bilateral foveal damage through indirect exposure to a picosecond dermal laser.

Case Presentation: A 23‐year‐old nurse working in a cosmetic surgery clinic was using a picosecond KTP/Nd:YAG laser for tattoo removal. Because the procedure was complicated, she neglected the use of protective eyewear and experienced dazzle. Thirty minutes after starting the procedure, she developed central scotomas in both eyes. We examined her eyes the next day. Ophthalmologic examination revealed best‐corrected decimal visual acuity (BCVA) of 0.6 in the right eye and 0.3 in the left eye. Spectral domain–optical coherence tomography showed a hyperreflective inner retinal layer with a lamellar defect and focal outer retinal detachment in the right eye; the left eye exhibited intra‐ and subretinal foveal hemorrhages. Injections of sub‐Tenon’s triamcinolone acetonide (12 mg/0.3 mL) in the right eye and intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator (30 μg/0.05 mL) in the left eye were administered on the same day. Two weeks later, a full‐thickness macular hole (FTMH) was identified in the right eye; pars plana vitrectomy was required 6 weeks after initial presentation. Because the FTMH failed to close, a second procedure was performed 2 months later. One year after initial presentation, BCVA in the right eye had improved to 0.4. Although the FTMH remained closed, an outer retinal layer defect persisted. In the left eye, foveal hemorrhage resolved within 1 month of initial presentation. At the 1‐year follow‐up, BCVA in the left eye was 0.4; outer retinal layer disruption was evident at the central fovea.

Conclusions: Continuous Nd:YAG laser exposure during cosmetic procedures likely caused the bilateral foveal damage observed in this case. All individuals using lasers must be aware of the importance of protective goggles.
Sustainable Electric Railway System Integrated With Distributed Energy Resources: Optimal Operation and Smart Energy Management System
Authors: Davoodi Mohsen , Jafari Kaleybar Hamed , Brenna Morris , Zaninelli Dario
Published: February 2025

Global concern about the energy crisis and its environmental impact has focused on sustainable alternatives. The electric railway system (ERS) is a major electrical energy consumer, contributing to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and CO2 pollution. This study introduces railway energy management systems (REMSs) as a green solution to address these challenges. REMS not only mitigates environmental risks but also enables surplus electricity sales to the grid market. This research formulates an AC optimal power flow (AC‐OPF) problem by the utilization of mixed integer linear programming (MILP) for optimization of the railway station electrical system operation cost. In this paper, renewable energy resources (RERs), energy storage systems (ESSs), and regenerative braking energy (RBE) are taken into account, as well as the electrical grid. Additionally, by considering the probabilistic and stochastic behaviors of RERs, ESSs, and RBE, using real‐time data, significant cost reductions in the daily operations of smart railway stations are achieved. With the aid of MATLAB, the model is effectively solved, and the results provide compelling evidence of the suitability and remarkable effectiveness of the proposed model.
The Association of Diet With High Phosphatemic Index With Odds of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Jahromi Mitra Kazemi , Norouzzadeh Mostafa , Teymoori Farshad , Saber Niloufar , Ahmadirad Hamid , Farhadnejad Hossein , Salehi-Sahlabadi Ammar , Mirmiran Parvin
Published: February 2025

Aim: A high intake of dietary phosphorus with an effect on the serum phosphorus level may affect the health status and predict the occurrence of some clinical disorders. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to determine phosphatemic index (PI) according to serum levels of phosphorus after intake of different foods and assess its association with the odds of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: The current study was conducted with case‐control design on 225 newly diagnosed NAFLD cases and 450 controls aged 20–60 years. Dietary intake data were collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire. The PI was calculated as the area under the curve (AUC) of serum phosphorus after eating test food divided by the AUC for the food supply containing an equal quantity of phosphorus. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the NAFLD odds according to tertiles of the PI score.

Results: The median (IQR) of dietary PI in participants of case and control groups was 83.9 (55.8–114.2) and 82.1 (52.6–119.6), respectively. In the age and sex‐adjusted model, there was no statistically significant association between PI and the odds of NAFLD (OR = 1.47; 95% CI: 0.98–2.19, Ptrend = 0.065). However, in fully adjusted model, after controlling the effects of age, sex, waist‐to‐hip ratio, smoking, dietary intake of energy, dietary fiber, physical activity, and socioeconomic status, the odds of NAFLD increased across tertiles of PI (OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.08–3.58, Ptrend = 0.028).

Conclusions: Our results suggested that a diet with a higher PI score may contribute to an increase in the odds of NAFLD independent of common confounders.
Undernutrition Among Pregnant Women in an Urban Municipality in Ghana: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Boateng Agartha Afful , Boakye Dorothy Serwaa , Botchwey Charles Owusu-Aduomi , Boateng Richard , Kumah Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Despite efforts to address malnutrition, it remains prevalent in Ghana and other developing nations. High rates of malnutrition hinder the achievement of the health‐related sustainable development goals. Understanding the factors contributing to undernutrition among pregnant women (PW) is essential for developing targeted interventions. This study, therefore, aims to assess the prevalence of undernutrition, dietary diversity (DD), and predictors of undernutrition among PW in Effutu Municipality in the Central Region of Ghana.

Methods: Two hospitals within the Effutu Municipality were recruited for the study. The study was conducted among 301 PW (15–49 years) recruited through simple random sampling from September 20, 2022, to October 24, 2022. The mid‐upper arm circumference and minimum DD score for women were used as a proxy for undernutrition and DD, respectively. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and binary regression analysis were conducted to describe variables and identify the association between dependent and independent variables.

Results: The majority of the respondents (40.5%) were in the age range of 26–30 years and were single (53.2%). The prevalence of undernutrition was 9.3%, while 7.6% of the respondents had poor DD scores. Factors identified to be associated with undernutrition were DD score (OR = 15.244, 95% CI: 5.399–43.040), employment status (OR = 3.311, 95% CI: 1.075–10.195), and parity (OR = 2.903, 95% CI: 1.125–7.492).

Conclusion: Effutu Municipality in Ghana faces a moderate prevalence of undernutrition among PW, despite generally adequate DD. Targeted interventions focusing on improving DD, particularly among unemployed and multiparous women, are essential for addressing undernutrition and improving maternal and fetal health outcomes in the study area. These findings underscore the importance of context‐specific strategies to combat malnutrition among PW.
Inhibition of SIK1 Alleviates the Pathologies of Psoriasis by Disrupting IL‐17 Signaling
Authors: Huang Dongxuan , Sun Huimin , Su Lianhui , Yang Fan , Huang Dongsheng , Gao Hanchao , Cao Mengtao
Published: February 2025

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease mediated by multiple immune cells, including T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, which exhibit complex pathologies and limited clinical treatment. Here, we found that salt‐inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) was upregulated in the imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriasis mouse model. This increment may be due to a higher level of interleukin‐17, which promoted the expression of SIK1 in keratinocytes. Inhibition of SIK1 kinase activity using a small molecular inhibitor (HG‐9‐91‐01 or YKL‐06‐062) dramatically alleviated IMQ‐induced psoriasis, showing reduced epidermal thickness, inflammation, and hyperproliferative epidermal keratinocytes. Our data demonstrated that SIK1 inhibitors HG‐9‐91‐01 or YKL‐06‐062 blocked the expression of IL‐17‐induced proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including Il6, Kc, and Ccl20. Mechanistically, we found that SIK1 inhibitor HG‐9‐91‐01 or YKL‐06‐062 suppressed the phosphorylation of Iκbα and P38. Consistently, SIK1 overexpression in keratinocytes promoted the activation of Iκbα and P38. Collectively, our results reveal that SIK1 participates to promote IL17‐induced signaling through enhancing activation of NF‐κB and MAPKs and exacerbates psoriasis‐like skin inflammation. Thus, inhibition of SIK1 presents a potential new therapeutic target for psoriasis.
Genetic Variability and Association of Morpho‐Agronomic Traits Among Ethiopian Barley (Hordeum vulgare L) Accessions
Authors: Zewodu Alemayehu , Mohammed Wassu , Shiferaw Eleni
Published: February 2025

Barley is considered to have Ethiopia as its center of diversity, and it is among the most prominent cereal crops cultivated across different agroecology in the country. However, the available germplasm in the country has not been studied much compared to the number of accessions under conservation and the expected diversity of crops in the country. This study was therefore conducted to estimate the phenotypic variability and association of morphoagronomic traits among 49 barley accessions. The experiment was conducted in 2021 using a 7 × 7 simple lattice design. The results of the analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the accessions for all traits. Moreover, with a mean of 4.02 t·ha−1, the variation in accessions for grain yield ranged from 2.18 to 6.89 t·ha−1. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation varied in the range between 7.25% (days to maturity) and 35.18% (weight of kernels per spike) and 6.61% (peduncle length) and 32.25% (weight of kernels per spike), respectively. Broad‐sense heritability and genetic advance as a percentage of mean varied from 43.18 (number of fertile tillers) to 92.5% (days to heading) and 11.87% (peduncle length) to 60.99% (weight of kernel per spike), respectively. Grain yield had positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations with the majority of traits. Moreover, the number of spikelets per spike followed by the number of fertile tillers, thousand kernel weight, and number of kernels per spike had strong positive associations with grain yield and they had a direct, positive genotypic effect on grain yield. Consequently, while selecting accessions for high grain yields, these traits should be considered as well. The Euclidian distances of accessions estimated from quantitative traits ranged from 1.07 to 9.24, and the accessions were clustered into six distinct clusters. Clusters V (32.65%), II (26.5%), VI (24.49%), and IV (12.25%) consisted of the largest proportion of accessions, whereas Clusters I and III consisted of one accession each. From principal components’ analysis, 79.65% of the variance was explained by three main components with eigenvalues greater than one. Thus, the current findings suggest that there is wide genetic variation among accessions which may be used for crop improvement and the information generated could also be utilized for genetic conservation.
Supplementary Table S7 from The UBA1–STUB1 Axis Mediates Cancer Immune Escape and Resistance to Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Bao Yi , Cruz Gabriel , Zhang Yuping , Qiao Yuanyuan , Mannan Rahul , Hu Jing , Yang Fan , Gondal Mahnoor , Shahine Miriam , Kang Sarah , Mahapatra Somnath , Chu Alec , Choi Jae Eun , Yu Jiali , Lin Heng , Miner Stephanie J. , Robinson Dan R. , Wu Yi-Mi , Zheng Yang , Cao Xuhong , Su Fengyun , Wang Rui , Hosseini Noshad , Cieslik Marcin , Kryczek Ilona , Vaishampayan Ulka , Zou Weiping , Chinnaiyan Arul M.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table S7. Data from the mass spectrometry in Myc-CaP cells treated with TAK-243.
Supplementary Table 8 from CTR-FAPI PET Enables Precision Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Kong Ziren , Li Zhu , Cui Xi-Yang , Wang Jian , Xu Mengxin , Liu Yang , Chen Junyi , Ni Song , Zhang Zongmin , Fan Xiaowei , Huang Jiazhao , Lin Yansong , Sun Yuning , He Yuqin , Lin Xinfeng , Meng Tianyu , Li Han , Song Yixuan , Peng Boshizhang , An Changming , Gao Chenyan , Li Nan , Liu Chen , Zhu Yiming , Yang Zhi , Liu Zhibo , Liu Shaoyan
Published: February 2025

Tumor uptake stratified by CEA levels
Supplementary Table S4 from The UBA1–STUB1 Axis Mediates Cancer Immune Escape and Resistance to Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Bao Yi , Cruz Gabriel , Zhang Yuping , Qiao Yuanyuan , Mannan Rahul , Hu Jing , Yang Fan , Gondal Mahnoor , Shahine Miriam , Kang Sarah , Mahapatra Somnath , Chu Alec , Choi Jae Eun , Yu Jiali , Lin Heng , Miner Stephanie J. , Robinson Dan R. , Wu Yi-Mi , Zheng Yang , Cao Xuhong , Su Fengyun , Wang Rui , Hosseini Noshad , Cieslik Marcin , Kryczek Ilona , Vaishampayan Ulka , Zou Weiping , Chinnaiyan Arul M.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table S4. Sequences of primers used in RT-qPCR in this study.
Supplementary Table S2 from The UBA1–STUB1 Axis Mediates Cancer Immune Escape and Resistance to Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Bao Yi , Cruz Gabriel , Zhang Yuping , Qiao Yuanyuan , Mannan Rahul , Hu Jing , Yang Fan , Gondal Mahnoor , Shahine Miriam , Kang Sarah , Mahapatra Somnath , Chu Alec , Choi Jae Eun , Yu Jiali , Lin Heng , Miner Stephanie J. , Robinson Dan R. , Wu Yi-Mi , Zheng Yang , Cao Xuhong , Su Fengyun , Wang Rui , Hosseini Noshad , Cieslik Marcin , Kryczek Ilona , Vaishampayan Ulka , Zou Weiping , Chinnaiyan Arul M.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table S2. Target sequences of the sgRNAs used in this study.
Supplementary Table 3 from CTR-FAPI PET Enables Precision Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Kong Ziren , Li Zhu , Cui Xi-Yang , Wang Jian , Xu Mengxin , Liu Yang , Chen Junyi , Ni Song , Zhang Zongmin , Fan Xiaowei , Huang Jiazhao , Lin Yansong , Sun Yuning , He Yuqin , Lin Xinfeng , Meng Tianyu , Li Han , Song Yixuan , Peng Boshizhang , An Changming , Gao Chenyan , Li Nan , Liu Chen , Zhu Yiming , Yang Zhi , Liu Zhibo , Liu Shaoyan
Published: February 2025

Detection rate of patients with calcitonin 500 to 2000 pg/ml
Supplementary Figure S3 from Copper Drives Remodeling of Metabolic State and Progression of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bischoff Megan E. , Shamsaei Behrouz , Yang Juechen , Secic Dina , Vemuri Bhargav , Reisz Julie A. , D’Alessandro Angelo , Bartolacci Caterina , Adamczak Rafal , Schmidt Lucas , Wang Jiang , Martines Amelia , Venkat Jahnavi , Tcheuyap Vanina Toffessi , Biesiada Jacek , Behrmann Catherine A. , Vest Katherine E. , Brugarolas James , Scaglioni Pier Paolo , Plas David R. , Patra Krushna C. , Gulati Shuchi , Landero Figueroa Julio A. , Meller Jarek , Cunningham John T. , Czyzyk-Krzeska Maria F.
Published: February 2025

Cu induces NRF2-dependent activation of glutathione biosynthesis.
Data from Glioblastoma Cortical Organoids Recapitulate Cell-State Heterogeneity and Intercellular Transfer
Authors: Mangena Vamsi , Chanoch-Myers Rony , Sartore Rafaela , Paulsen Bruna , Gritsch Simon , Weisman Hannah , Hara Toshiro , Breakefield Xandra O. , Breyne Koen , Regev Aviv , Chung Kwanghun , Arlotta Paola , Tirosh Itay , Suvà Mario L.
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by heterogeneous malignant cells that are functionally integrated within the neuroglial microenvironment. In this study, we model this ecosystem by growing GBM into long-term cultured human cortical organoids that contain the major neuroglial cell types found in the cerebral cortex. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis suggests that, compared with matched gliomasphere models, GBM cortical organoids more faithfully recapitulate the diversity and expression programs of malignant cell states found in patient tumors. Additionally, we observe widespread transfer of GBM transcripts and GFP to nonmalignant cells in the organoids. Mechanistically, this transfer involves extracellular vesicles and is biased toward defined GBM cell states and astroglia cell types. These results extend previous GBM organoid modeling efforts and suggest widespread intercellular transfer in the GBM neuroglial microenvironment.

Significance: Models that recapitulate intercellular communications in GBM are limited. In this study, we leverage GBM cortical organoids to characterize widespread mRNA and GFP transfer from malignant to nonmalignant cells in the GBM neuroglial microenvironment. This transfer involves extracellular vesicles, may contribute to reprogramming the microenvironment, and may extend to other cancer types.

See related commentary by Shakya et al., p. 261
Table S1 from Age at First Full-term Pregnancy and Other Reproductive Factors Are Associated with Mammographic Breast Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Study in Flanders, Belgium
Authors: Vandeloo Magda J. , Kellen Eliane , Fang Carolyn Y. , Ross Eric A. , Vancoillie Liesbeth , Bruckers Liesbeth M. , Neven Kristof Y. , Bijnens Esmée M. , Nawrot Tim S. , Van Ongeval Chantal
Published: February 2025

Table S1: Results from the univariate analysis for the glandular tissue (GLAND). For FFTP, we used the proc NLIN procedure, for the others a GLM. Multiplicative estimates provided are calculated according to eβ for the given unit change
Data from Age at First Full-term Pregnancy and Other Reproductive Factors Are Associated with Mammographic Breast Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Study in Flanders, Belgium
Authors: Vandeloo Magda J. , Kellen Eliane , Fang Carolyn Y. , Ross Eric A. , Vancoillie Liesbeth , Bruckers Liesbeth M. , Neven Kristof Y. , Bijnens Esmée M. , Nawrot Tim S. , Van Ongeval Chantal
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study evaluated the association between age at first full-term pregnancy (FFTP) and mammographic breast density (MBD) in postmenopausal women. A total of 1,034 women, ages 50 to 69 years, were recruited from the Flemish (Belgium) population–based breast cancer screening program. Participants completed a questionnaire on lifestyle and reproductive factors. From mammography, we assessed the percentage glandular tissue of the total breast volume (GLAND), the volumetric breast density (VBD), and the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) density classification. For statistical analysis, we used the piecewise linear regression model. The average age at FFTP was 26.1 years. Among women with an FFTP > 25.7 years, an each year increase in FFTP age was associated with a 1.17% increase in GLAND [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.20%–2.46%; P = 0.041] and a 1.45% increase in VBD (95% CI, 0.18%–2.75%; P = 0.026). Similarly, the odds of a higher BI-RADS classification increased by 5.0% (95% CI, 0.0%–11.0%; P = 0.059) for each year increase in FFTP age after 25.7 years. For every year delay in age at menarche, a 2.48% higher GLAND (95% CI, 0.43%–4.57%; P = 0.017) and a 2.45% higher VBD (95% CI, 0.38%–4.56%; P ≤ 0.020) were observed. Ever use of oral contraceptive resulted in a 12.24% decrease in GLAND (95% CI, −20.90% to −2.63%; P = 0.014) and a 13.48% decrease in VBD (95% CI, −22.1% to −3.91%; P = 0.007). MBD is significantly higher when FFTP takes place after 25.7 years. Later age at menarche is associated with higher MBD, whereas ever use of oral contraceptive is associated with lower MBD at postmenopause.
Significance:
We consider our findings to be highly novel, and to the best of our knowledge, our study is one of the first to investigate associations between age at FFTP and three markers of MBD (GLAND, VBD, and BI-RADS), uncovering that MBD is significantly higher when FFTP occurs after 25.7 years.