bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Portable Colorimetric Sensor Array Based on a Porous Single‐Atom Fe Nanozyme with Different Surface Sites for Identifying Artificially Ripened Fruits
Authors: Wu Lifang , Lin Jiayang , Wang Hongsu , Pan Keyan , Shi Xiaomei , Niu Xiaodi
Published: October 2024

Single‐atom nanozyme materials have demonstrated exceptional specific catalytic activity due to the atomic‐level dispersion of their active centers. However, the exploration of catalytic mechanisms for single‐atom catalysts is so far limited to the 2D surfaces of nanozymes. In this study, porous single‐atom Fe nanozyme (psaFeN) is successfully prepared through a straightforward coordination‐assisted polymerization‐assembly strategy. The psaFeN composite nanospheres are uniformly sized, exhibiting excellent dispersibility with well‐organized pore channels extending from the center to the surface. Density functional theory calculations reveal that in the psaFeN nanozyme, the (010) facets serve as the primary active surface, where Fe atoms form tri‐coordinated or tetra‐coordinated structures with doped nitrogen atoms. The (100) facets act as auxiliary reactive surfaces with tetra‐coordinated Fe─N as the active center. psaFeN exhibits excellent POD‐like activity (Km = 1.77 mM; Vmax = 173.53 × 10−⁸ M s−1). Given this exceptional bioactivity, a portable colorimetric biosensor is constructed for distinguishing artificially ripened fruits from naturally ripened ones. The sensor achieves precise discrimination with a detection limit as low as 310 nmol L−1. This study is anticipated to offer valuable insights into understanding the 3D catalytic mechanisms of single‐atom nanozymes, promoting their application in the development of robust biosensors for food safety.
On the Functionalization of C60 with Vinylallenes Generated in situ by Rhodium Catalysis
Authors: Castanyer Cristina , Artigas Albert , Solà Miquel , Pla‐Quintana Anna , Roglans Anna
Published: October 2024

The functionalization of fullerenes is important for several reasons, primarily related to enhancing their chemical reactivity, solubility, and potential of applications in optoelectronics and biomedicine. In this study, we present a novel approach to functionalize C60 through a cascade process encompassing an unprecedented Rh‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1,6‐allenynes to in situ generate a vinylallene that is followed by a Diels‐Alder reaction with pristine fullerene, resulting in the formation of 6,6‐fused bicyclic fullerene derivatives. The mechanism governing this process was elucidated by DFT calculations and confirmed by deuterium labelling and control experiments, demonstrating the critical role of traces of water in the reaction medium to mediate the observed reactivity.
Sub‐Nanometer‐Scale Cu9S5 Enables Efficiently Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Feng Chao , Wu Hanyang , Shao Jiaxin , Huo Qihua , Hassan Afaq , Yang Hengpan , Hu Qi , He Chuanxin
Published: October 2024

The sub‐nanometer is a key feature size in materials science. Unlike single‐atom and nanomaterials, size effects and inter‐component cooperative actions in sub‐nanomaterials will effective on its performance is more significant. Here, 0.95 nm ordered arrangement Cu9S5 sub‐nanowires (Cu9S5 SNWs) are synthesized through the co‐assembly effect of inorganic nuclei (Cu9S5) and clusters (phosphotungstic acid‐PTA), achieving a significant increase in the specific surface area of the sample and ≈100% atomic exposure rate, which is the key to its high catalytic activity. PTA clusters not only act as a “charge transfer station” to accelerate the inter‐component electron transfer process, but also facilitate the dissociation of water and provide more hydrogen protons, thus dramatically facilitating the electrocatalytic process. The experimental results show that the Cu9S5 SNWs exhibited excellent nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR) properties. The Faraday efficiency (FE) of NO3−RR is 90.4% at the optimum potential −0.3 VRHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) and the ammonia production is as high as 0.37 mmol h−1 cm−2, which is superior to most reported electrocatalysts. In addition, the Zn‐NO3− liquid‐flow battery devices assembled using Cu9S5 SNWs as electrode materials show excellent application results. This work provides a reference for the design of highly efficient sub‐nanoscale NO3−RR electrocatalysts.
Insights into management and physiological determinants of lowest pod height in soybean
Authors: Goufo Piebiep , Kluver Robert W. , Cerrudo Aníbal , Naeve Seth L.
Published: October 2024

Harvest losses caused by the low height of the lowest pods (LPH) are a significant issue in soybean cultivation. Minimizing these losses requires identifying management, physiological, and agronomic factors that interactively modulate LPH. Four studies were conducted to examine the relationships among soybean LPH, node and internode features, and light quality under different management practices. These practices included population density (19, 31, and 43 plants m−2) and row width (equidistant, 25, 51, and 76 cm), relative maturity (maturity group [MG] 0.8, MG 2.1, and MG 2.8), mulch color (gray bare soil, red mulch, and white mulch), and timing of stand reduction (V1, R3, R4, and R5 growth stages). An increase in population density from 19 to 43 plants m−2 led to an average increase in LPH of 28%, from 11.9 to 15.3 cm. LPH was not influenced by row width. Later maturing cultivars demonstrated the highest potential for enhancing LPH, with late AG2802 having a higher LPH (18.8 cm) than early AG0803 (12.4 cm). Data indicated that the elongation of internodes 10, 11, and 12, along with changes in the red to far‐red light ratio beneath the canopy, plays a pivotal role in determining the location of the lowest pods. Moreover, LPH is established around the R3 growth stage. Nevertheless, further investigations are warranted to gain a better understanding of how these parameters, individually and collectively, influence LPH in soybean.
Roles of noncoding RNA in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Zhao Xiangkun , Yang Yuteng , Wang Yaqi , Chen Xi , Yao Yisong , Yuan Ting , Li Jiaxuan , Li Yumei , Song Xicheng
Published: October 2024

Background

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common respiratory noninfectious diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases, the incidence of which has been increasing in recent years. The main pathological characteristics of AR are repeated inflammation, airway hyperreactivity, mucus hypersecretion, and reversible airway obstruction due to inflammatory cell response. AR occurrence is associated with various factors, including those of genetic and environmental origins. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a group of RNA molecules that cannot be converted into polypeptides. The three main categories of ncRNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). NcRNAs play a crucial role in controlling gene expression and contribute to the development of numerous human diseases.

Methods

Articles are selected based on Pubmed's literature review and the author's personal knowledge. The largest and highest quality studies were included. The search selection is not standardized. Several recent studies have indicated the relationship of ncRNAs with the development of respiratory allergic diseases. NcRNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, are important gene expression regulatory factors. We review the expression and function of ncRNAs in AR, their role as disease biomarkers, and their prospective applicability in future research and clinically. We also discuss interactions between ncRNAs and their influence on AR comprehensively, these interactions are essential for determining the underlying pathological mechanisms further and discovering new drug therapeutic targets.

Results

NcRNAs can be used as biomarkers for early AR diagnosis, disease surveillance and prognosis assessment. Various categories of ncRNAs play distinct yet interconnected roles and actively contribute to intricate gene regulatory networks. They are also therapeutic targets and biomarkers in other allergic diseases.

Conclusion

This article demonstrates ncRNAs have a wide range of applications in AR treatment. The database covers three key areas: miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. Additionally, potential avenues for future research to facilitate the practical application of ncRNAs as therapeutic targets and biomarkers will be explore. With further research and technological development, ncRNAs may provide additional innovative, effective solutions for AR treatment.
Do images help? The impact of proenvironment photographs and graphs in environmental disclosures on investor perceptions and willingness to invest
Authors: Yang Xiaolan , Meng Wenting , Chen Shu
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the effects of proenvironment photographs and graphs in environmental disclosures on potential investors' perceptions and willingness to invest, considering the moderating role of a company's environmental performance. An online experiment was conducted with experienced investors, where participants evaluated a hypothetical company with varying environmental performance outcomes (negative or positive) presented in different formats (text only, text with photographs, or text with graphs). The results indicate that proenvironment images enhance perceived environmental responsibility for companies with negative environmental performance, whereas processing fluency is improved when the image type aligns with environmental performance. Moreover, perceived environmental responsibility mediates the impact of images on the willingness to invest in negative performance contexts. In contrast, processing fluency mediates this effect for graphs in positive performance contexts. These findings offer guidance for company managers in effectively presenting environmental data and highlight the potential risks for policy‐makers regarding the misuse of images.
Bioactivity‐Based Analysis and Chemical Characterization of Hypoglycemic Components from Helicteres angustifolia L.
Authors: Tian Xiaoli , Zhao Yu , Zhang Ayu , Zhang Dongmei , Ren Jiayi , Bai Yidan , Yang Xi , Jantrawut Pensak , Cheng Delin , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2024

Helicteres angustifolia L. (H. angustifolia), a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine, has been demonstrated to have hypoglycemic activity. We found that the EtOAc extract of H. angustifolia (HAEF) showed stronger α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity than that of positive control. Furthermore, the hypoglycemic activity of HAEF was evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. The results demonstrated that HAEF reduced the drinking quantity, feeding quantity, and controlled weight loss in diabetic rats. Besides, the fasting blood glucose (FBG), viscera index, and the area under time‐blood glucose curve (AUC) were significantly decreased, and the oral glucose tolerance was also improved after 5 weeks. Then, the high‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC−Q‐TOF‐MS/MS) method was performed for qualitative analysis of the chemical constituents in HAEF. Twenty‐one compounds were identified from in HAEF. Four compounds were further isolated from HAEF and subjected to α‐glucosidase inhibition experiments. At the end, molecular docking was empolyed simulate the interaction of three compounds with α‐glucosidase. This is the first report on major hypoglycaemic components has been identified in the roots of H. angustifolia. These findings provide a material basis for the use of H. angustifolia in the treatment of diabetes.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of New Improved Ferrostatin‐1 Derived Ferroptosis Inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Nai‐Yu , Liu Jun‐Yu , Zheng Hui , Wang Kai‐Ming , Zhang Juan , Meng Ning , Jiang Cheng‐Shi
Published: October 2024

Ferrostatin‐1 (Fer‐1), a first potent ferroptosis inhibitor, faces limitations in clinical use due to its low potency and metabolic instability. This study introduces a series of novel Ferrostatin‐1 analogs designed to enhance plasm stability. Our design strategy focused on the modification of the 3‐NH2 of Fer‐1 with benzenesulfonyl groups, resulting in analogs 9–25. Biological evaluation revealed that compound 18, with an EC50 value of 0.57 μM, outperformed Fer‐1 in inhibiting ferroptosis. It reduced intracellular ferrous ion accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and restored glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) levels effectively. Moreover, compound 18 exhibited favorable solubility and remarkable metabolic stability in rat plasma. These results position compound 18 as a promising candidate for developing therapeutics against ferroptosis‐related diseases.
Innovative On‐Resin and in Solution Peptidomimetics Synthesis via Metal‐Free Photocatalytic Approach
Authors: Gandini Tommaso , Vaghi Francesco , Laface Zoe , Macetti Giovanni , Bossi Alberto , Penconi Marta , Luisa Gelmi Maria , Bucci Raffaella
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, peptidomimetics are widely studied, being useful tools in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. The coupling between a carboxylic acid with an amine to form a peptide bond is the most common reaction to obtain peptides/peptidomimetics. In this work, we have investigated an innovative metal‐free photoredox‐catalyzed carbamoylation to form peptidomimetics thanks to the reaction between dihydropyridines functionalized with amino acids (or peptide sequences) and differently functionalized imines. As the organic photocatalyst, we used 4CzIPN, a donor‐acceptor cyanoarene vastly used in photoredox catalysis. By easily modulating the amino acid (or peptide sequence), which is directly attached to the dihydropyridine, we proposed this key‐reaction as new valuable method to obtain peptidomimetics, in situ building the not‐natural portion of the sequence. Moreover, we successfully employed this methodology in solid phase peptide synthesis, both inserting the new photoredox‐generated amino acid at the end or in the middle of the sequence. Peptides with different lengths and secondary structures were prepared, proving the success of this approach, even in sterically hindered environment. Herein, to the best of our knowledge, we describe the first photocatalytic protocol which allows the building of the peptide backbone, with the possibility of simultaneously inserting a non‐coded amino acid in the sequence.
Image enhancement for dichromatic vision by geometric approach in RGB color space
Authors: Azetsu Tadahiro , Fujita Ayaka , Suetake Noriaki
Published: October 2024

The goal of this study is to process digital images to facilitate color discrimination in dichromatic vision without changing their appearances in trichromatic vision as much as possible. Therefore, we propose a simple and effective image enhancement method using the geometric properties of the RGB color space. Concretely, a novel image representation that clarifies the relationship between dichromatic and trichromatic visions in the RGB color space, and an image enhancement method based on this representation are presented. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments using several digital images.
Ionomer and Membrane Designs for Low‐temperature CO2 and CO Electrolysis
Authors: Deng Huiying , Chen Zhuo , Wang Yuhang
Published: October 2024

Low‐temperature electroreduction of CO2 and CO (CO(2)RR) into valuable chemicals and fuels offers a promising pathway to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve carbon neutrality. Today′s low‐temperature CO(2)RR technology relies on the use of ionomers, polymers with ionized groups, primarily as catalyst layer (CL) additives. In the meantime, ionomers can assemble into ion‐exchange membranes (IEMs), serving as important components of electrolyzers. According to the ion‐exchange functions, ionomer additives are classified as cation‐exchange ionomers (CEIs) and anion‐exchange ionomers (AEIs); similarly, IEMs are divided into cation‐exchange membranes (CEMs) and anion‐exchange membranes (AEMs), as well as the multilayer polymer electrolytes (MPEs). Recent studies show that ionomer additives can regulate the catalytic microenvironment and thereby enhance performance towards desired products. This Review discusses the roles of ionomer additives and IEMs in CO2 and CO reduction reactions, highlighting the latest mechanistic insights and performance advances. It outlines challenges in designing ionomer additives and IEMs to improve product selectivity, energy efficiency (EE), and operational lifetime of CO(2)RR electrolyzers, while also providing perspectives on future research directions. The aim is to connect the current status of ionomer and membrane development with performance metrics analysis, offering insights for the advancement of commercially relevant low‐temperature CO(2)RR electrolyzers.
Long‐term efficacy (at and beyond 1 year) of gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy for refractory gastroparesis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mandarino Francesco Vito , Barchi Alberto , Salmeri Noemi , Azzolini Francesco , Fasulo Ernesto , Dell'Anna Giuseppe , Vespa Edoardo , Sinagra Emanuele , Jacques Jeremie , Danese Silvio
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Although gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G‐POEM) has shown substantial efficacy in patients with medically refractory gastroparesis (GP), comprehensive long‐term data on its effectiveness are lacking.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis including observational studies assessing long‐term efficacy after G‐POEM in patients with refractory GP. Our primary outcome was the pooled rate of clinical success 1‐year after G‐POEM. Secondary outcomes included clinical success at 2 and 3 years and the rate of adverse events according to the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy classification.

Results

Thirteen studies, involving 952 patients with refractory GP undergoing G‐POEM, were eligible. The pooled 1 year‐clinical success was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56, 0.85, I2 = 94.9%). The clinical success was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.97, I2 = 95.8%) when considering only studies defining success as 1 point decrease in Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptoms Index score and at least 25% decrease in two subscales. For patients who had 1‐year success, the pooled clinical success at 2 and 3 years were 0.71 (95% CI: 0.45, 0.92, I2 = 94.9%) and 0.58 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.92, I2 = 97.1%), respectively. The pooled rate of adverse events was 0.08 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.10, I2 = 0%).

Conclusion

G‐POEM is associated with successful outcomes in about 70% of treated cases after 1 year, with durable long‐term effects lasting up to 3 years. In the future, new uniform outcome definitions and strict patient selection criteria are warranted to delineate G‐POEM outcomes more accurately.
Principles of designing electrocatalysts to boost C–N coupling reactions for urea synthesis
Authors: Li Jingwei , Li Shengkai , Zhang Yaohao , Liu Zhao‐Qing
Published: October 2024

The electrocatalytic C–N coupling reaction can achieve green and sustainable urea synthesis as well as CO2 conversion and nitrogen fixation. However, the electrocatalytic C–N coupling reaction still faces challenges such as difficult adsorption and activation of reactive species, a large number of reactive intermediates, high reaction energy barriers, and inert reactive kinetics, resulting in the low urea yielding rate and Faradic efficiency. The development of efficient catalysts is key to improve the urea yielding rate and Faradic efficiency. This review covers the development history and basic principles of electrocatalytic C–N coupling for urea production, analyzes the nanostructure–catalytic activity relationship as well as the electronic structure–catalytic activity relationship, and discusses the main reaction mechanism of electrocatalytic C–N coupling for urea production. Based on these analyses, the concept of designing efficient C–N coupling catalysts is derived. Finally, the research status of electrocatalytic C–N coupling for urea synthesis is summarized, and the prospect for developing efficient electrocatalysts and C–N coupling mechanism are proposed.
Tailored Engineering on the Interface Between Lithium Metal Anode and Solid‐State Electrolytes
Authors: Zhou Qi , Xiong Xiaosong , Peng Jun , Wu Wenzhuo , Fan Weijia , Yang Haoyuan , Wang Tao , Ma Yuan , Wang Faxing , Wu Yuping
Published: October 2024

The replacement of non‐aqueous organic electrolytes with solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) in solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SLMBs) is considered a promising strategy to address the constraints of lithium‐ion batteries, especially in terms of energy density and reliability. Nevertheless, few SLMBs can deliver the required cycling performance and long‐term stability for practical use, primarily due to suboptimal interface properties. Given the diverse solidification pathways leading to different interface characteristics, it is crucial to pinpoint the source of interface deterioration and develop appropriate remedies. This review focuses on Li|SSE interface issues between lithium metal anode and SSE, discussing recent advancements in the understanding of (electro)chemistry, the impact of defects, and interface evolutions that vary among different SSE species. The state‐of‐the‐art strategies concerning modified SEI, artificial interlayer, surface architecture, and composite structure are summarized and delved into the internal relationships between interface characteristics and performance enhancements. The current challenges and opportunities in characterizing and modifying the Li|SSE interface are suggested as potential directions for achieving practical SLMBs.
Modernizing Utility Collections through Customer Analytics and AI
Authors: Wigen‐Toccalino Gus , Baids Brian , Hutson‐Comeaux Abby
Published: October 2024

The 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic introduced economic calamity and uncertainty in America that had not been seen since the 2007–2008 financial crisis. What began as an uncertain period for individual well‐being soon translated into broader economic issues for the American economy. Businesses facing months of lost revenue, deficits, and uncertainty began weakening financially and, as a result, were forced to reduce staff. In the years that have followed, industries which have historically been able to count on stable revenue, such as utilities, particularly suffered. Struggling households and small businesses began missing consecutive monthly payments, and customer debt climbed to unprecedented levels. As of March 2023, “one in six households across the country were behind on their electric bills.”1 Additionally, instances of non‐residential customers falling behind on their payments emerged. Historic levels of arrears continue to mount pressure on the industry, and traditional approaches to arrear collection are not working.
Comparable Theta Phase Coding Dynamics Along the Transverse Axis of CA1
Authors: Bishnoi Aditi , Deshmukh Sachin S.
Published: October 2024

Topographical projection patterns from the entorhinal cortex to area CA1 of the hippocampus have led to a hypothesis that proximal CA1 (pCA1, closer to CA2) is spatially more selective than distal CA1 (dCA1, closer to the subiculum). While earlier studies have shown evidence supporting this hypothesis, we recently showed that this difference does not hold true under all experimental conditions. In a complex environment with distinct local texture cues on a circular track and global visual cues, pCA1 and dCA1 display comparable spatial selectivity. Correlated with the spatial selectivity differences, the earlier studies also showed differences in theta phase coding dynamics between pCA1 and dCA1 neurons. Here we show that there are no differences in theta phase coding dynamics between neurons in these two regions under the experimental conditions where pCA1 and dCA1 neurons are equally spatially selective. These findings challenge the established notion of dCA1 being inherently less spatially selective and theta modulated than pCA1 and suggest further experiments to understand theta‐mediated activation of the CA1 sub‐networks to represent space.
Foliar solution hydrophobicity influenced by plant species, product, and concentration
Authors: Bethea Frank G. , Liu Haibo , Bruce Terri , Bridges William , Lou Hong
Published: October 2024

Foliar application of nutrients and pesticides is a popular practice for plant maintenance and weed control. Understanding how different products and adjuvants interact with the intended plant leaf surface will improve uptake and decrease losses. Various fertilizer, adjuvant, and pesticide solutions were tested to determine solution hydrophobicity on St. Augustinegrass, tall fescue, and white clover. A 1 µL droplet of each solution was placed on the adaxial leaf surface and imaged with a stereomicroscope to determine average solution contact angle. For all solutions groups, plant species had the most consistent effect, with white clover having the highest average contact angle followed by St. Augustinegrass and tall fescue, respectively. All product solutions significantly reduced the average contact angle compared to water. The urea solution resulted in the largest decrease for the fertilizer group at 7.6%. The largest decrease was found with the siloxane nonionic surfactant, which resulted in a decrease of 87.5% compared to water alone. Significant interactions were found between plant species and product solutions, indicating product solutions interact differently dependent upon the leaf surface characteristics. The results suggest that plant leaf surface, product solution and concentration, and their combination should be accounted for to increase wettability of a foliar application and improve product absorption.
Non‐clinical safety evaluation of Yongdamsagan‐tang water extract: A 13‐week subchronic oral toxicity study in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Jeon Woo‐Young , Seo Chang‐Seob , Ha Hyekyung , Shin Hyeun‐Kyoo , Cho Jae‐Woo , Lee Mee‐Young
Published: October 2024

Despite the continued clinical application of traditional herbal medicines, scientific evidence such as toxicological safety profile of Yongdamsagan‐tang water extract (YSTW) has not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential toxicity profile of YSTW following a 13‐week repeated oral administration at various concentrations to Sprague Dawley rats. YSTW was administered orally to rats once daily at doses of 0, 1000, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg bw/day for 13 weeks. During the experimental period, there were no significant toxicological changes related to YSTW treatment. These results indicate that the administration of YSTW for 13 weeks in the rat resulted in no signs of toxicity at up to 5000 mg/kg bw/day, which was considered the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level.
Biomimetic bilayer scaffold from Bombyx mori silk materials for small diameter vascular applications in tissue engineering
Authors: Gaviria Castrillon Ana M. , Wray Sandra , Rodríguez Aníbal , Fajardo Sahara Díaz , Machain Victoria A. , Parisi Julieta , Bosio Gabriela N. , Kaplan David L. , Restrepo‐Osorio Adriana , Bosio Valeria E.
Published: October 2024

Enhancing the biocompatibility and mechanical stability of small diameter vascular scaffolds remain significant challenges. To address this challenge, small‐diameter tubular structures were electrospun from silk fibroin (SF) from silk textile industry discarded materials to generate bilayer scaffolds that mimic native blood vessels, but derived from a sustainable natural material resource. The inner layer was obtained by directly dissolving SF in formic acid, while the middle layer (SF‐M) was achieved through aqueous concentration of the protein. Structural and biological properties of each layer as well as the bilayer were evaluated. The inner layer exhibited nano‐scale fiber diameters and 57.9% crystallinity, and degradation rates comparable with the SF‐M layer. The middle layer displayed micrometer‐scale fibers diameters with an ultimate extension of about 274%. Both layers presented contact angles suitable for cell growth and cytocompatibility, while the bilayer material displayed an intermediate mechanical response and a reduced enzymatic degradation rate when compared to each individual layer. The bilayer material emulates many of the characteristics of native small‐diameter vessels, thereby suggesting further studies towards in vivo opportunities.
On the Constructor–Blocker game
Authors: Balogh József , Chen Ce , English Sean
Published: October 2024

In the Constructor–Blocker game, two players, Constructor and Blocker, alternately claim unclaimed edges of the complete graph . For given graphs and , Constructor can only claim edges that leave her graph ‐free, while Blocker has no restrictions. Constructor's goal is to build as many copies of as she can, while Blocker attempts to minimize the number of copies of in Constructor's graph. The game ends once there are no more edges that Constructor can claim. The score of the game is the number of copies of in Constructor's graph at the end of the game when both players play optimally and Constructor plays first. In this paper, we extend results of Patkós, Stojaković and Vizer on to many pairs of and : We determine when and , also when both and are odd cycles, using Szemerédi's Regularity Lemma. We also obtain bounds of when and .
Optimizing the Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Inducible Laryngeal Obstruction
Authors: Alanazi Alaa , Aizouki Carolin , Sloychuk Janelle , Callaghan Amy , Eksteen Eduard , Ennis Sheila , Isaac Andre
Published: October 2024

Background

Pediatric inducible laryngeal obstruction (ILO) is difficult to diagnose and treat. Patients often undergo multiple specialist referrals, and long‐term outcomes are not well reported.

Objectives

To investigate the patterns of presentation, workup, and management of children who were diagnosed with ILO at the Stollery Children's Hospital.

Methods

Retrospective review with a prospective cohort of pediatric patients diagnosed with ILO from 2015 to 2023. We collected the demographic data, diagnostic tests, specialist referrals, time to diagnosis, symptom burden, associated comorbidities and aggravating factors, management, and treatment outcomes. A subset of patients was followed prospectively to determine treatment outcomes. A basic descriptive analysis was performed, and factors associated with time to resolution were studied.

Results

Seventy‐eight patients met the criteria for inclusion, with 22 completing prospective questionnaires. The average age was 14 years old, and 75% were female. The majority required multiple specialist referrals. The majority were associated with exercise. Thirty‐two (41%) patients had a presumed diagnosis of asthma, despite only four pulmonary function tests being consistent with asthma. Abortive breathing exercises were the most commonly employed (95%) and most successful (61%) nonsurgical management technique. Surgery was highly successful in a small cohort of patients. Median time to symptom resolution was 12 months, with 36% reporting symptoms persistent beyond 3 years.

Conclusions

Pediatric ILO often goes undiagnosed for prolonged periods. Exercise‐related symptoms are the most common. Management strategies have varied levels of success and a large proportion of patients have prolonged symptoms despite treatment, as supported by other recent evidence.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 135:1207–1211, 2025
Primary Site Influences the Ability of Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Assess Cartilage Invasion in Advanced Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: Hintze Justin M. , Cleere Eoin , Griffin J. , O'Riordan I. , Timon C. , Kinsella J. , Fitzgerald C. , Lennon P.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Accurate staging of advanced laryngeal cancer is important, as treatment can vary significantly between larynx preservation and total laryngectomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing features of T4a disease in locally advanced laryngeal cancer and determine if primary site played a role in the accuracy of MRI in this setting.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing a total laryngectomy in a tertiary referral center for head and neck cancer over a 10‐year time period was carried out. Patients met inclusion criteria if they underwent a primary total laryngectomy for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx during the study period. Data collected included basic demographic data, primary tumor subsite, and clinical and pathological staging. The predictive ability of MRI on outer thyroid cortex invasion, extralaryngeal extension, and overall T4a stage was analyzed with receiver operating characteristics analysis. Analysis was compared to histological data on outer thyroid cortex invasion, extralaryngeal extension, and histological T4a stage.

Results

A total of 112 patients met inclusion criteria. The mean age of the cohort was 65.1. Glottic primary subsite was associated with a statistically significant elevated risk for histological outer cortex erosion (p = 0.006), but MRI demonstrated worse sensitivity in detecting this outer cortex invasion in glottic primaries(p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Glottic primaries tumors display an increased likelihood of thyroid cartilage invasion, however, MRI demonstrates a poorer sensitivity for detecting these features.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 135:723–728, 2025
Pediatric Huntington Disease Brains Have Distinct Morphologic and Metabolic Traits: the RAREST‐JHD Study
Authors: Caligiuri Maria Eugenia , Tinelli Emanuele , Vizza Patrizia , Giancaterino Giulia , Cicone Francesco , Cascini Giuseppe Lucio , Sabatini Umberto , Squitieri Ferdinando
Published: October 2024

Background

Pediatric‐onset Huntington's disease (POHD) exhibits a phenotype different from adult‐onset HD (AOHD), with hypokinetic movement disorders (eg, rigidity, bradykinesia, and dystonia) rather than chorea typical of AOHD.

Objectives

The aim was to identify pathophysiology‐based biomarkers specific to POHD (≥60 CAG repeats).

Methods

Simultaneous hybrid imaging using [18F]fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography plus magnetic resonance imaging (FDG‐PET/MRI) and clinical assessment using standardized Huntington's disease (HD) scales were employed. Exploratory longitudinal analyses were also performed.

Results

Striatal volume loss was remarkable and more severe in POHD (n = 5) than in AOHD (n = 14). Widespread, significantly altered glucose metabolism occurred in several different POHD cortical areas and thalamus, but not AOHD cortex, consistent with differences in clinical progression.

Conclusions

POHD patients' brains exhibited distinct morphologic and metabolic traits compared to AOHD patients’ brains, with longitudinal changes mirroring clinical progression. Hybrid FDG‐PET/MRI highlighted a variable regional brain dysfunction in vivo, as a biological consequence of highly expanded CAG repeats. Findings provide further evidence that POHD is a distinct disease from AOHD.
Coffee Bioactive N‐Methylpyridinium: Unveiling Its Antilipogenic Effects by Targeting De Novo Lipogenesis in Human Hepatocytes
Authors: Giannotti Laura , Stanca Eleonora , Di Chiara Stanca Benedetta , Spedicato Francesco , Massaro Marika , Quarta Stefano , Del Rio Daniele , Mena Pedro , Siculella Luisa , Damiano Fabrizio
Published: October 2024

Scope

Type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs) are promoted by insulin resistance (IR), which alters lipid homeostasis in the liver. This study aims to investigate the effect of N‐methylpyridinium (NMP), a bioactive alkaloid of coffee brew, on lipid metabolism in hepatocytes.

Methods and results

The effect of NMP in modulating lipid metabolism is evaluated at physiological concentrations in a diabetes cell model represented by HepG2 cells cultured in a high‐glucose medium. Hyperglycemia triggers lipid droplet accumulation in cells and enhances the lipogenic gene expression, which is transactivated by sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1 (SREBP‐1). Lipid droplet accumulation alters the redox status and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to the activation of the unfolded protein response and antioxidative pathways by X‐Box Binding Protein 1(XBP‐1)/eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) Protein Kinase RNA‐Like ER Kinase and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2), respectively. NMP induces the phosphorylation of AMP‐dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase α (ACACA), and improves the redox status and ER homeostasis, essential steps to reduce lipogenesis and lipid droplet accumulation.

Conclusion

These results suggest that NMP may be beneficial for the management of T2D and NAFLD by ameliorating the cell oxidative and ER homeostasis and lipid metabolism.
Whole‐brain T2 mapping with radial sampling and retrospective motion correction at 3T
Authors: Corbin Nadège , Trotier Aurelien J. , Anandra Serge , Kadalie Emile , Dallet Laurence , Miraux Sylvain , Ribot Emeline J.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Several barriers prevent the use of whole‐brain T2 mapping in routine use despite increasing interest in this parameter. One of the main barriers is the long scan time resulting in patient discomfort and motion corrupted data. To address this challenge, a method for accurate whole‐brain T2 mapping with a limited acquisition time and motion correction capabilities is investigated.

Methods

A 3D radial multi‐echo spin‐echo sequence was implemented with optimized sampling trajectory enabling the estimation of intra‐scan motion, subsequently used to correct the raw data. Motion corrected echo images are then reconstructed with linear subspace constrained reconstruction. Experiments were carried out on phantom and volunteers at 3T to evaluate the accuracy of the T2 estimation, the sensitivity to lesions and the efficiency of the correction on motion corrupted data.

Results

Whole‐brain T2 mapping acquired in less than 7 min enabled the depiction of lesions in the white matter with longer T2. Data retrospectively corrupted with typical motion traces of pediatric patients highly benefited from the motion correction by reducing the error in T2 estimates within the lesions. All datasets acquired on seven volunteers, with deliberate motion, also showed that motion corrupted T2 maps could be improved with the retrospective motion correction both at the voxel level and the structure level.

Conclusion

A whole‐brain T2 mapping sequence with retrospective intra‐scan motion correction and reasonable acquisition time is proposed. The method necessitates advanced iterative reconstruction strategies but no additional navigator, external device, or increased scan time is required.
Is it Possible to Regenerate the Underactive Detrusor? Part 2 Electrical Stimulation Therapies, Treatment of Bladder Outlet Obstruction, Constipation, and Pelvic Floor Disorders ICI‐RS 2024
Authors: Sinha Sanjay , Gajewski Jerzy B. , Tarcan Tufan , Van Huele Andries , Cruz Francisco , Martinez Esther M. , Przydacz Mikolaj , Bou Kheir George , Lombardo Riccardo , Wein Alan , Abrams Paul
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Detrusor muscle weakness is commonly noted on urodynamics in patients with refractory voiding difficulty. No clinical therapy has been proven to augment the strength of a detrusor contraction.

Methods

This subject was discussed at a think‐tank at the International Consultation on Incontinence‐Research Society (ICI‐RS) held in Bristol, June 2024. The discussions of the think‐tank are being published in two parts. This second part discusses the role of electrical stimulation therapies, treatment of bladder outlet obstruction, constipation, and pelvic floor disorders, in the enhancement of strength of a detrusor contraction.

Results

Electrical stimulation therapies, specifically sacral neuromodulation, have long been used in the salvage of patients with refractory nonobstructive voiding dysfunction. Clinical improvements can be noted in men following bladder outlet resistance reduction surgery especially, though not limited to those with demonstrable obstruction. Some patients may also show improvement with pelvic floor relaxation therapies and constipation care. However, there is a lack of high‐quality urodynamic data to demonstrate an improvement in the strength of a detrusor contraction with these therapies. The think‐tank recommends standards for future clinical studies examining treatments aimed at improving an underactive detrusor.

Conclusions

Studies need to examine whether clinical improvement following treatment of patients with an underactive detrusor is associated with improvement in strength of the detrusor contraction. New therapeutic options should apply specified standards for assessing and reporting the impact on detrusor contraction.
Evolution of the “Hierarchy of Engagement” Model Over a Decade: Examining Social Media Use to Inform, Activate, and Create Community
Authors: Noor Zeeshan , Hersey Leigh
Published: October 2024

The use and underuse of social media by organizations have garnered significant attention from scholars. The findings indicate that most public and nonprofit organizations primarily use one‐way messaging in their social media communication. In 2012, Lovejoy and Saxton presented a “Hierarchy of Engagement” framework to categorize nonprofits' social media communication into Information, Community, and Action (ICA) messages. Since its publication, more than 100 research articles, reports, etc. have referred to this framework. This study presents a systematic review of 48 published scholarly articles that applied and expanded the ICA typology over 10 years (2012–2021). We find that the messaging strategy has not changed much from how the authors initially framed it. The social media accounts reviewed by this literature average share 51% information, 24% community, and 26% action messages. This study offers practical implications for nonprofit professionals, marketers, digital media managers, and scholars.
Roles of pediatric surgeons in palliative pediatric oncology
Authors: Le Hau D. , Braungart Sarah , Shalkow‐Klincovstein Jaime , Piché Nelson
Published: October 2024

Pediatric surgeons engaged in oncology will inevitably treat patients receiving palliative care, but their role in this context is poorly described. This article identifies some of the challenges and opportunities of surgical involvement in pediatric oncology palliative care, underscoring how the surgeon's expertise can be exploited to significantly benefit children with cancer. Specific examples of skills (procedural, communication, and coordination) that surgeons can provide to the multidisciplinary palliative care teams are described and the importance of collaboration is highlighted.
GABA promotes peroxisome proliferation in Triticum monococcum leaves
Authors: Şahin Yunus , Nazarov Taras , Ünlü Ercan Selçuk , Smertenko Andrei , Zencrici Nusret
Published: October 2024

Although peroxisomes are integral for both primary and secondary metabolism, how developmental changes affect activity of peroxisomes remains poorly understood. Here, we used published RNA‐seq data to analyze the expression patterns of genes encoding 21 peroxisome metabolic pathways at successive developmental stages of Zea mays and Oryza sativa. Photorespiration was the most represented pathway in adult leaf relative to the juvenile stages. Components of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) metabolism, NADPH regeneration, and catabolism of polyamines were also enriched at later stages of leaf differentiation. The most commonly upregulated gene in differentiated leaves across all datasets of both species was BETAINE ALANINE DEHYDROGENASE (BADH). BADH functions in catabolism of polyamines where it converts 4‐aminobutyraldehyde (ABAL) to 4‐aminobutyrate (GABA). We tested the outcome of RNA‐seq analysis by qRT‐PCR in developing Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum (Einkorn) seedlings. Consistent with the outcomes of RNA‐seq analysis, transcription of BADH and CATALASE3 (CAT3) were upregulated in older seedlings. CAT3 is an essential peroxisome biogenesis factor and a key enzyme of ROS homeostasis. Furthermore, exogenous application of GABA resulted in higher peroxisome abundance and transcriptional upregulation of BADH and a gene encoding another peroxisome biogenesis factor responsible for peroxisome fission, PEROXIN11C (PEX11C), in leaves. We propose that GABA contributes to regulation of peroxisome fission machinery during leaf differentiation.
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion to pulmonary artery systolic pressure ratio in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension improves with balloon pulmonary angioplasty
Authors: Yang Jenny Z. , Poch David S. , Ang Lawrence , Mahmud Ehtisham , Bautista Marie Angela , Alotaibi Mona , Fernandes Timothy M. , Kerr Kim M. , Papamatheakis Demosthenes G. , Kim Nick H.
Published: October 2024

Right ventricle (RV)‐to‐pulmonary artery (PA) coupling measured by the ratio of echocardiography‐derived tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) is a meaningful prognostic marker in pulmonary hypertension (PH). It's unclear if balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) alters RV‐PA coupling measured by TAPSE/PASP. We reviewed CTEPH patients treated with BPA at our institution who had a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) before BPA and a follow‐up TTE at any point during BPA. TAPSE was obtained from the initial and lattermost TTE; hemodynamics were obtained before each BPA session. Between March 2015 to October 2023, there were 228 patients treated with BPA. After excluding post‐PTE patients and those without PH, 67 were included. Initial TAPSE/PASP was 0.39 ± 0.21 mm/mmHg. Using previously defined TAPSE/PASP tertiles in PH (<0.19, 0.19–0.32, >0.32 mm/mmHg), there were 6 patients (9%) in low, 30 (45%) in middle, and 31 (46%) in the high tertiles at baseline. The lower TAPSE/PASP tertiles had more severe baseline hemodynamics (p < 0.001) compared to the high TAPSE/PASP cohort. At follow‐up, TAPSE/PASP improved to 0.47 ± 0.20 mm/mmHg (p = 0.023), with 2 (3%), 13 (19%), and 52 (78%) patients in the low, middle, high TAPSE/PASP tertiles, respectively. As patients progress through BPA sessions, the TAPSE/PASP ratio increases, possibly reflecting improved RV mechanics and RV‐PA coupling. TAPSE/PASP ratio as a marker of RV‐PA coupling can improve with BPA treatment and may be an important measure to follow during treatment of CTEPH.
Luteolin‐Loaded Hyaluronidase Nanoparticles with Deep Tissue Penetration Capability for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Treatment
Authors: Pan Bo , Wu Fangping , Lu Shanming , Lu Wenwen , Cao Jiahui , Cheng Fei , Ou Meitong , Chen Youyi , Zhang Fan , Wu Guolin , Mei Lin
Published: October 2024

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by sustained fibrotic lesions. Orally administered drugs usually fail to efficiently penetrate the interstitial tissue and reach the lesions, resulting in low treatment efficiency. Luteolin (Lut) is a natural flavonoid, active metabolites of which possess antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐fibrotic, and anti‐apoptotic properties. In this study, a nano‐formulation is developed by loading Lut into hyaluronidase nanoparticles (Lut@HAase). These Lut@HAase nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit small size and good stability, suitable for noninvasive inhalation and accumulation in the lungs, and hyaluronidase at the site of lesions can degrade hyaluronic acid in the interstitial tissue, enabling efficient penetration of Lut. Lut's therapeutic effect, when administered via NPs, is studied both in vitro (using MRC5 cells) and in vivo (using IPF mice models), and its anti‐fibrotic properties are found to inhibit inflammation and eliminate reactive oxygen species. Conclusively, this study demonstrates that Lut@HAase can improve lung function and enhance survival rates while reducing lung damage with few abnormalities during IPF treatment.