bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dwell-Time Distribution, Long Pausing and Arrest of Single-Ribosome Translation through the mRNA Duplex
Authors: Xie Ping
Published: October 2015

Proteins in the cell are synthesized by a ribosome translating the genetic information encoded on the single-stranded messenger RNA (mRNA). It has been shown that the ribosome can also translate through the duplex region of the mRNA by unwinding the duplex. Here, based on our proposed model of the ribosome translation through the mRNA duplex we study theoretically the distribution of dwell times of the ribosome translation through the mRNA duplex under the effect of a pulling force externally applied to the ends of the mRNA to unzip the duplex. We provide quantitative explanations of the available single molecule experimental data on the distribution of dwell times with both short and long durations, on rescuing of the long paused ribosomes by raising the pulling force to unzip the duplex, on translational arrests induced by the mRNA duplex and Shine-Dalgarno(SD)-like sequence in the mRNA. The functional consequences of the pauses or arrests caused by the mRNA duplex and the SD sequence are discussed and compared with those obtained from other types of pausing, such as those induced by “hungry” codons or interactions of specific sequences in the nascent chain with the ribosomal exit tunnel.
Progress and Challenges in Developing Aptamer-Functionalized Targeted Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Jiang Feng , Liu Biao , Lu Jun , Li Fangfei , Li Defang , Liang Chao , Dang Lei , Liu Jin , He Bing , Badshah Shaikh , Lu Cheng , He Xiaojuan , Guo Baosheng , Zhang Xiao-Bing , Tan Weihong , Lu Aiping , Zhang Ge
Published: October 2015

Aptamers, which can be screened via systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), are superior ligands for molecular recognition due to their high selectivity and affinity. The interest in the use of aptamers as ligands for targeted drug delivery has been increasing due to their unique advantages. Based on their different compositions and preparation methods, aptamer-functionalized targeted drug delivery systems can be divided into two main categories: aptamer-small molecule conjugated systems and aptamer-nanomaterial conjugated systems. In this review, we not only summarize recent progress in aptamer selection and the application of aptamers in these targeted drug delivery systems but also discuss the advantages, challenges and new perspectives associated with these delivery systems.
Effect of Relative Arrangement of Cationic and Lipophilic Moieties on Hemolytic and Antibacterial Activities of PEGylated Polyacrylates
Authors: Punia Ashish , Lee Kevin , He Edward , Mukherjee Sumit , Mancuso Andrew , Banerjee Probal , Yang Nan-Loh
Published: October 2015

Synthetic amphiphilic polymers have been established as potentially efficient agents to combat widespread deadly infections involving antibiotic resistant superbugs. Incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains into amphiphilic copolymers can reduce their hemolytic activity while maintaining high antibacterial activity. Our study found that the incorporation of PEG has substantially different effects on the hemolytic and antibacterial activities of copolymers depending on structural variations in the positions of cationic centers relative to hydrophobic groups. The PEG side chains dramatically reduced the hemolytic activities in copolymers with hydrophobic hexyl and cationic groups on the same repeating unit. However, in case of terpolymers with cationic and lipophilic groups placed on separate repeating units, the presence of PEG has significantly lower effect on hemolytic activities of these copolymers. PEGylated terpolymers displayed substantially lower activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) than Escherichia coli (E. coli) suggesting the deterring effect of S. aureus’ peptidoglycan cell wall against the penetration of PEGylated polymers. Time-kill studies confirmed the bactericidal activity of these copolymers and a 5 log reduction in E. coli colony forming units was observed within 2 h of polymer treatment.
Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Myrcia (Myrtaceae): A Review of an Aromatic and Medicinal Group of Plants
Authors: Cascaes Márcia , Guilhon Giselle , Andrade Eloisa , Zoghbi Maria , Santos Lourivaldo
Published: October 2015

Myrcia is one of the largest genera of the economically important family Myrtaceae. Some of the species are used in folk medicine, such as a group known as “pedra-hume-caá” or “pedra-ume-caá” or “insulina vegetal” (insulin plant) that it is used for the treatment of diabetes. The species are an important source of essential oils, and most of the chemical studies on Myrcia describe the chemical composition of the essential oils, in which mono- and sesquiterpenes are predominant. The non-volatile compounds isolated from Myrcia are usually flavonoids, tannins, acetophenone derivatives and triterpenes. Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities have been described to Myrcia essential oils, while hypoglycemic, anti-hemorrhagic and antioxidant activities were attributed to the extracts. Flavonoid glucosides and acetophenone derivatives showed aldose reductase and α-glucosidase inhibition, and could explain the traditional use of Myrcia species to treat diabetes. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory are some of the activities observed for other isolated compounds from Myrcia.
Influence of Orientation and Radiative Heat Transfer on Aluminum Foams in Buoyancy-Induced Convection
Authors: Billiet Marijn , De Schampheleire Sven , Huisseune Henk , De Paepe Michel
Published: October 2015

Two differently-produced open-cell aluminum foams were compared to a commercially available finned heat sink. Further, an aluminum plate and block were tested as a reference. All heat sinks have the same base plate dimensions of four by six inches. The first foam was made by investment casting of a polyurethane preform and has a porosity of 0.946 and a pore density of 10 pores per linear inch. The second foam is manufactured by casting over a solvable core and has a porosity of 0.85 and a pore density of 2.5 pores per linear inch. The effects of orientation and radiative heat transfer are experimentally investigated. The heat sinks are tested in a vertical and horizontal orientation. The effect of radiative heat transfer is investigated by comparing a painted/anodized heat sink with an untreated one. The heat flux through the heat sink for a certain temperature difference between the environment and the heat sink’s base plate is used as the performance indicator. For temperature differences larger than 30 °C, the finned heat sink outperforms the in-house-made aluminum foam heat sink on average by 17%. Furthermore, the in-house-made aluminum foam dissipates on average 12% less heat than the other aluminum foam for a temperature difference larger than 40 °C. By painting/anodizing the heat sinks, the heat transfer rate increased on average by 10% to 50%. Finally, the thermal performance of the horizontal in-house-made aluminum foam heat sink is up to 18% larger than the one of the vertical aluminum foam heat sink.
Inhibitory Effect of Waste Glass Powder on ASR Expansion Induced by Waste Glass Aggregate
Authors: Liu Shuhua , Wang Shu , Tang Wan , Hu Ningning , Wei Jianpeng
Published: October 2015

Detailed research is carried out to ascertain the inhibitory effect of waste glass powder (WGP) on alkali-silica reaction (ASR) expansion induced by waste glass aggregate in this paper. The alkali reactivity of waste glass aggregate is examined by two methods in accordance with the China Test Code SL352-2006. The potential of WGP to control the ASR expansion is determined in terms of mean diameter, specific surface area, content of WGP and curing temperature. Two mathematical models are developed to estimate the inhibitory efficiency of WGP. These studies show that there is ASR risk with an ASR expansion rate over 0.2% when the sand contains more than 30% glass aggregate. However, WGP can effectively control the ASR expansion and inhibit the expansion rate induced by the glass aggregate to be under 0.1%. The two mathematical models have good simulation results, which can be used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of WGP on ASR risk.
Anti-Inflammatory Constituents from Bidens frondosa
Authors: Le Jiamei , Lu Wenquan , Xiong Xiaojuan , Wu Zhijun , Chen Wansheng
Published: October 2015

A new polyacetylene glucoside (3E,5E,11E)-tridecatriene-7,9-diyne-1,2,13-triol-2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), a new phenylpropanoid glucoside 2′-butoxyethylconiferin (2), and a new flavonoid glycoside 8,3′,4′-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-(6′′-O-p-coumaroyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), have been isolated from Bidens frondosa together with fifty-three known compounds 4–56. The structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic methods. mainly ESIMS, 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic data. and comparison with literature data. Compounds 1–34, 36, 39, 43, 47, 51, and 52 were tested for inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in 293-NF-κB-luciferase report cell line induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and compounds 1, 2, 3, 9, 15, 21, 24 and 51 were tested for the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in RAW 264.7 macrophages induced by LPS. In conclusion, the isolated compounds 1, 2, 3, 9, 15, 21, 24 and 51 exhibited significant activity in anti-inflammatory activity assays.
Highly Stable Tetra-Phenolato Titanium(IV) Agent Formulated into Nanoparticles Demonstrates Anti-Tumoral Activity and Selectivity
Authors: Meker Sigalit , Braitbard Ori , Margulis-Goshen Katrin , Magdassi Shlomo , Hochman Jacob , Tshuva Edit
Published: October 2015

Titanium(IV) complexes exhibit high potential as anti-tumor agents, particularly due to their low intrinsic toxicity and cytotoxicity toward cisplatin resistant cells. Nevertheless, Ti(IV) complexes generally undergo rapid hydrolysis that previously hampered their utilization as anticancer drugs. We recently overcame this difficulty by developing a highly stable Ti(IV) complex that is based on tetra-phenolato, hexadentate ligand, formulated into organic nanoparticles. Herein we investigated the activity of this complex in vitro and in vivo. Although inactive when tested directly due to poor solubility, when formulated, this complex displayed (a) high cytotoxicity toward cisplatin resistant human ovarian cells, A2780-cp, with resistance factor of 1.1; (b) additive behavior in combination with cisplatin toward ovarian and colon cancer cells; (c) selectivity toward cancer cells as implied by its mild activity toward non-cancerous, fibroblast lung cells, MRC-5; (d) high stability and durability as manifested by the ability to maintain cytotoxicity, even following one week of incubation in 100% aquatic medium solution; and (e) in vivo efficacy toward solid tumors of human colon cancer cells, HT-29, in nude mice without any clinical signs of toxicity. These features support the formulated phenolato Ti(IV) complex being an effective and selective anti-tumoral agent.
Controllable Synthesis of Copper Oxide/Carbon Core/Shell Nanowire Arrays and Their Application for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Zhan Jiye , Chen Minghua , Xia Xinhui
Published: October 2015

Rational design/fabrication of integrated porous metal oxide arrays is critical for the construction of advanced electrochemical devices. Herein, we report self-supported CuO/C core/shell nanowire arrays prepared by the combination of electro-deposition and chemical vapor deposition methods. CuO/C nanowires with diameters of ~400 nm grow quasi-vertically to the substrates forming three-dimensional arrays architecture. A thin carbon shell is uniformly coated on the CuO nanowire cores. As an anode of lithium ion batteries, the resultant CuO/C nanowire arrays are demonstrated to have high specific capacity (672 mAh·g−1 at 0.2 C) and good cycle stability (425 mAh·g−1 at 1 C up to 150 cycles). The core/shell arrays structure plays positive roles in the enhancement of Li ion storage due to fast ion/electron transfer path, good strain accommodation and sufficient contact between electrolyte and active materials.
Mapping High-Resolution Soil Moisture over Heterogeneous Cropland Using Multi-Resource Remote Sensing and Ground Observations
Authors: Fan Lei , Xiao Qing , Wen Jianguang , Liu Qiang , Jin Rui , You Dongqing , Li Xiaowen
Published: October 2015

High spatial resolution soil moisture (SM) data are crucial in agricultural applications, river-basin management, and understanding hydrological processes. Merging multi-resource observations is one of the ways to improve the accuracy of high spatial resolution SM data in the heterogeneous cropland. In this paper, the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) methodology is implemented to merge the following four types of observed data to obtain the spatial distribution of SM at 100 m scale: soil moisture observed by wireless sensor network (WSN), Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)-derived soil evaporative efficiency (SEE), irrigation statistics, and Polarimetric L-band Multi-beam Radiometer (PLMR)-derived SM products (~700 m). From the poor BME predictions obtained by merging only WSN and SEE data, we observed that the SM heterogeneity caused by irrigation and the attenuating sensitivity of the SEE data to SM caused by the canopies result in BME prediction errors. By adding irrigation statistics to the merged datasets, the overall RMSD of the BME predictions during the low-vegetated periods can be successively reduced from 0.052 m3·m−3 to 0.033 m3·m−3. The coefficient of determination (R2) and slope between the predicted and in situ measured SM data increased from 0.32 to 0.64 and from 0.38 to 0.82, respectively, but large estimation errors occurred during the moderately vegetated periods (RMSD = 0.041 m3·m−3, R = 0.43 and the slope = 0.41). Further adding the downscaled SM information from PLMR SM products to the merged datasets, the predictions were satisfactorily accurate with an RMSD of 0.034 m3·m−3, R2 of 0.4 and a slope of 0.69 during moderately vegetated periods. Overall, the results demonstrated that merging multi-resource observations into SM estimations can yield improved accuracy in heterogeneous cropland.
Exploring Promising Research Frontiers Based on Knowledge Maps in the Solar Cell Technology Field
Authors: Park Inchae , Lee Keeeun , Yoon Byungun
Published: October 2015

Given the challenging environmental issues in the energy sector, the importance of strategic research and development (R&D) planning has been emphasized to manage a turbulent business situation. This study aims to propose a methodology for exploring promising research frontiers in the energy sector. To this end, first, core documents are collected from scientific documents such as patents and academic papers. Second, the research frontiers are extracted by clustering the core documents based on the bibliographic relations. Third, a knowledge map is generated by mapping the relations between research frontiers. Finally, the promising research frontiers (RFs) are identified by conducting dynamic analyses and the contents of promising RFs are suggested. As an illustration of the method, the field of solar cell technology is chosen and analyzed As a result, the promising research frontiers from the patent knowledge map are related to development (D) themes and promising research frontiers from scientific paper knowledge map are related to the research (R) themes. The proposed method and results can be utilized by researchers, R&D policy makers, and administrations in practice.
Responses of two understory herbs, Maianthemum canadense and Eurybia macrophylla, to experimental forest warming: Early emergence is the key to enhanced reproductive output
Authors: Jacques Marie‐Hélène , Lapointe Line , Rice Karen , Montgomery Rebecca A. , Stefanski Artur , Reich Peter B.
Published: October 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Understory herbs might be the most sensitive plant form to global warming in deciduous forests, yet they have been little studied in the context of climate change.

METHODS:

A field experiment set up in Minnesota, United States simulated global warming in a forest setting and provided the opportunity to study the responses of Maianthemum canadense and Eurybia macrophylla in their natural environment in interaction with other components of the ecosystem. Effects of +1.7° and +3.4°C treatments on growth, reproduction, phenology, and gas exchange were evaluated along with treatment effects on light, water, and nutrient availability, potential drivers of herb responses.

KEY RESULTS:

Overall, growth and gas exchanges of these two species were modestly affected by warming. They emerged up to 16 (E. macrophylla) to 17 d (M. canadense) earlier in the heated plots than in control plots, supporting early‐season carbon gain under high light conditions before canopy closure. This additional carbon gain in spring likely supported reproduction. Eurybia macrophylla only flowered in the heated plots, and both species had some aspect of reproduction that was highest in the +1.7°C treatment. The reduced reproductive effort in the +3.4°C plots was likely due to reduced soil water availability, counteracting positive effects of warming.

CONCLUSIONS:

Global warming might improve fitness of herbaceous species in deciduous forests, mainly by advancing their spring emergence. However, other impacts of global warming such as drier soils in the summer might partly reduce the carbon gain associated with early emergence.
How Semantics is Embodied through Visual Representation: Image Schemas in the Art of Chinese Calligraphy
Authors: Lin Tiffany Ying-Yu , Chen I-Hsuan
Published: October 2015

This study aims to investigate abstract reasoning and embodied cognition through the analysis of image schemas and conceptual metaphors in the interplay of art and language. Chinese calligraphy is noteworthy due to its unique embodied characteristics and image-schematic representations of visual art and language. The art of Chinese calligraphy not only represents the visual forms of Chinese characters but also conveys meanings, emotion, and style, demonstrating the aesthetics of language and art. By analyzing image schemas and metaphors in classical works of art, this paper shows how semantics is conceptualized and embodied through visual representation of Chinese calligraphy. In this study, we examine how semantics is visualized within the topological structure of cognitive mechanisms of a CONTAINER schema, the crucial image schema that structures the conceptualization of spatial relation concepts. This paper proposes that the CONTAINER schema, the BALANCE schema, the FORCE schema, as well as the metaphors SIGNIFICANCE IS SIZE and MIND IS A BODY, which may motivate the calligrapher’s creative process, underlie the art of Chinese calligraphy.
La fabuleuse histoire de l’indice des prix de détail en France
Authors: Touchelay Béatrice
Published: October 2015

La « fabuleuse » histoire de l’indice des prix de détail en France est celle de l’évolution d’un marqueur social et politique témoin de l’augmentation de l’intervention de l’État dans la croissance économique et dans l’organisation sociale de la France contemporaine. Elle reflète aussi le développement de l’appareil public de statistique qui obtient progressivement les moyens de fournir des indicateurs de qualité. Avec la confirmation de l’inflation, apparue au début du siècle précédent puis accentuée par les deux guerres mondiales et par les reconstructions, la demande sociale et politique se porte, entre autres éléments, sur un indicateur pertinent de l’évolution du pouvoir d’achat des ouvriers. L’INSEE met au point cet indicateur et les autorités politiques s’en emparent. Le mécanisme de l’échelle mobile des salaires, le salaire minimum étant indexé sur l’indice des prix de détail de l’INSEE, est mis en œuvre entre la libération et le tournant de la rigueur en 1983. Il fait de l’INSEE et de son indicateur la cible de toutes les pressions et de toutes les critiques, qu’elles soient gouvernementales ou syndicales. La désindexation des salaires sur les prix et l’essoufflement de l’inflation désamorcent les tensions et correspondent aussi à la volonté politique d’assurer une plus forte emprise du secteur privé - sur la production de l’indicateur. Une page de l’histoire économique, sociale et politique de la France est tournée.
De la réparation individuelle à l’élaboration d’une cause collective
Authors: Fillion Emmanuelle , Torny Didier
Published: October 2015

À partir du cas d’un médicament ayant entraîné des dommages sur de vastes populations – le distilbène – cet article propose une analyse sociologique des mobilisations de victimes sur la scène judiciaire. Elle est menée sous deux aspects : d’une part, le travail produit par les victimes avec et sur le droit, d’autre part, les effets en retour du droit sur les victimes, leurs collectifs et leur(s) cause(s), aux différentes étapes de l’engagement judiciaire et de la procédure. Nous mettons en lumière une tension permanente entre une expérience judiciaire singulière, marquée par l’isolement et l’opacité, et l’élaboration d’un « contentieux distilbène » qui joue un rôle déterminant dans la collectivisation et la publicisation d’une cause de santé publique.
La regeneración urbana integrada y la declaración de Toledo
Authors: Martín-Consuegra F. , Alonso C. , Frutos B.
Published: October 2015

La Declaración de Toledo ha significado una aportación importante para la definición del concepto de Regeneración Urbana Integrada. Influenciada por los principios de la estrategia Europa 2020, dibuja una economía social de mercado para el siglo XXI que aprovecha el potencial de las ciudades europeas de cara a la superación de la actual situación de crisis económica. Para lograrlo se definen como prioritarias las políticas de recuperación del patrimonio edificado y la ciudad existente. La intervención debe comprender un enfoque transversal basado en términos de integración medioambiental, social y económica. La presente nota técnica analiza la documentación generada por diferentes actores en torno a este debate vinculado al tejido ciudadano y la vivienda.
Natural Materials for Thermal Insulation and Passive Cooling Application
Authors: Pisello Anna Laura , Rosso Federica
Published: October 2015

In this chapter a critical analysis about natural materials to enhance energy performance and thermal comfort in indoor and outdoor spaces is dealt with. In particular, thermal insulation and passive cooling application in buildings are analyzed. The physical properties permitting to achieve these benefits are presented, as well as the method and the international standards to measure them. Benefits deriving from these materials’ employment as insulation layers or buildings envelope in general of, or in the case of urban paving, are described and then the single materials are illustrated.Experimental and numerical data, as reported in the bibliography, support the dissertation with examples from the most recent research contributions.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia – An economic assessment of fixed combination therapy based on a literature review
Authors: Messina Roberto , Mirone Vincenzo
Published: October 2015

FederAnziani Senior Italia and SIU – Italian Society of Urology – have decided to work together to draft a document focussing on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), and to stress the importance of adherence with pharmacological treatment in this setting, from both a scientific and a patient standpoint. Starting from a literature search, the two associations analysed to what extent an increase in treatment adherence amongst these patients influences hospital savings and to what extent therapy persistence levels are affected by monotherapy rather than free drug combinations. These estimates were performed only on patients taking medicinal products belonging to the 5 α-reductase inhibitors (5ARI) class that, although not indispensable, are the compounds that bring the greatest benefits, especially in the elderly and for which we know that every additional 30 days of therapy reduced the likelihood of acute urinary retention (AUR) and surgery by 14% and 11% respectively *. The results show that the use of fixed combination therapy would involve an increase in persistence due to the lower rate of patients abandoning treatment over time. Each 30 day-increment of 5ARI therapy, i.e. for an expenditure of 10.6 million euros extra per year for 5ARI medication, savings of approximately 24.3 million euros in hospital costs could be achieved.
Improvement of seminal quality and sexual function of men with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia syndrome following supplementation with L-arginine and Pycnogenol®
Authors: Kobori Yoshitomo , Suzuki Keisuke , Iwahata Toshiyuki , Shin Takeshi , Sadaoka Yuko , Sato Ryo , Nishio Kojiro , Yagi Hiroshi , Arai Gaku , Soh Shigehiro , Okada Hiroshi , Strong Jeffry Michael , Rohdewald Peter
Published: October 2015

We evaluated the effectiveness of antioxidant co-supplementation therapy using Larginine and Pycnogenol® in Japanese men with oligoasthenozoospermia and mild erectile dysfunction (ED). A total of forty-seven adult males with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia syndrome (OAT) were eligible for enrollment. The effectiveness of supplementation with a combination of L-arginine 690 mg and French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol®) 60mg for OAT and ED was investigated. The sperm concentration was enhanced significantly after treatment 2 and 4 months (11.79 ± 9.86 to 21.22 ± 28.17 and 20.15 ± 23.99 × 106/ml). Significant improvements in the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) were observed in the total score of IIEF (57.69 ± 11.04 to 59.43 ± 12.57) and domain of Orgasmic Function (9.01 ± 1.92 to 9.34 ± 1.66) after 4 months of treatment. L-arginine acts to increase the production of nitric oxide and Pycnogenol® activates the endothelial nitric oxide synthase and it is a potent antioxidant and inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase. This study suggests that the combination of Pycnogenol® and L-arginine (Edicare®) is helpful for infertile men to ameliorate simultaneously quality of sperms as well as erectile functions.
Once-a-day Tadalafil administration improves the spermogram parameters in fertile patients
Authors: Corvasce Antonio , Albino Giuseppe , Leonetti Teresa , Buonomo Agnese Filomena , Marucco Ettore Cirillo
Published: October 2015

Objectives: We explored the safety of Tadalafil once-daily treatment for 12 week and its effects on semen quality in a clinical subpopulation of men with psychogenic erectile dysfunction (ED). Patients and Methods: Twenty-seven men, between 19 and 35 years, unaware of their fertility status, suffering from psychogenic ED were enrolled. The examination of the seminal fluid was performed twice before administration of Tadalafil and twice after three months of continuous daily administration of Tadalafil 5 mg. The volume of the seminal fluid, the concentration of sperm, the concentration of sperm with type “a+b” motility, the concentration of sperm with type “a” motility, the concentration of normal sperm were taken into consideration. The results before treatment with Tadalafil (T0) and after 3 months of treatment (T3m) were compared. Results: The administration of once-daily Tadalafil 5mg, brings to an average increase of the total number of sperm cells, both total and fast motility (type a) and the percentage of nemasperms, and to an average increase of semen volume of only 0.41 ml. These quantitative and qualitative improvements of the seminal fluid resulted statistically significant as regard motility, nemasperm percentage and seminal fluid volume. No unespected safety findings were observed. Conclusions: Tadalafil administration improves the quality of sperm cells and seminal fluid: in particular motility, percentage of nemasperms and volume of seminal fluid. We emphasize the safety of the once-daily treatment with tadalafil 5mg and the positive effects on spermatogenesis.
500 penile prostheses implanted by a surgeon in Italy in the last 30 years
Authors: Pozza Diego , Pozza Mariangela , Musy Marco , Pozza Carlotta
Published: October 2015

Objectives: The aim of our study was to report our experience with patients affected by Erectile Dysfunction (ED) and undergoing penile prosthetic implantation (PPI) in a single center by a single surgeon. Material and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcome of 500 patients (mean age: 51.5 years, range: 20-86 years) affected by ED and referred to our private andrological center from January 1984 to December 2013 who underwent penile prosthesis implantation, including the reported level of patient satisfaction. Results: 182 silicone, 180 malleable, 18 monocomponent hydraulic and 120 multicomponents hydraulic prostheses were implanted by the same experienced surgeon. All patients were hospitalized for the procedure. All patients were evaluated immediately, 1 month (496 patients) and, for the great majority, every year after implantation. One hundred twenty five patients were lost to follow-up. Twenty two patients underwent revision surgery for complications in the postoperative period. The most serious postoperative complications were mechanical problems (45 patients, 9.0%) and infection (15 patients, 3%). Forty two (8.4%) prostheses were explanted. Overall, 80% (400/500) of patients were able to have sexual intercourse and were fully satisfied with the results. Conclusions: In our experience prosthetic surgery should be considered a good solution for men affected by ED and not responsive to other therapeutic solutions. Prosthetic surgery can be performed not only in large public hospitals but also in smaller private facilities.
A two staged treatment procedure for the difficult to treat bladder neck contractures with concomitant incontinence. In the search of a solution to a complex problem
Authors: Adamakis Ioannis , Fragkiadis Evangelos , Katafigiotis Ioannis , Kousournas Giorgos , Stravodimos Konstantinos , Constantinides Constantinos A.
Published: October 2015

Objective: To examine the efficacy of a two staged treating strategy with the use of a non-permanent urethral ALLIUM® stent for the management of recurrent bladder neck stenosis and subsequently the use of an artificial sphincter AUS800® by AMS for the management of the incontinence. Materials and Methods: We progressively identified patients eligible for the study creating a population of cases with recurrent bladder neck stenosis and concomitant incontinence occurring after the last intervention for the stenosis. Efficacy for the treatment of the stenosis was defined as no recurrence both prior and post to the sphincter placement and efficacy for the treatment of the incontinence was defined as continence (0-1pads) after the sphincter placement. Results and Limitations: 14 white males with a mean age of 66.21, ranging from 59 to 73 years consisted the population of the study. All patients had severe stress incontinence following the last transurethral resection. The efficacy of the treatment of the bladder neck stenosis was 93% (13/14) while the efficacy for the treatment of the incontinence was 100%. A single patient had a recurrent bladder neck stenosis after the artificial sphincter placement and was treated with transurethral resection using a long pediatric 13 F resectoscope at 12 months. Our limitations is the absence of a control group and the small number of patients enrolled, with a relatively short time of follow up. Conclusions: In our series we propose the use of a non-permanent urethral ALLIUM® stent for 6 months in order to control the growth of fibrotic scar tissue, a further 6 months follow up for recurrence, and then placement of an artificial sphincter. The results are very promising both on stabilizing the vesicourethral stenosis, and on patient safety and tolerability.
A new ultrasound and clinical classification for management of prostatic abscess
Authors: Dell’Atti Lucio
Published: October 2015

Objectives: In literature, most of the published data regarding prostatic abscess (PA) are case reports, whereas there is no standardization of the diagnostic and therapeutic routines. The purpose of this study is a new classification of ultrasound imaging of PA with clinical features correlation. Material and Methods: We retrospectively analysed the ultrasound database archives and performed a MEDLINE® research of the peer reviewed literature on diagnosis and case reports of PA using the terms “prostate and abscess”. Results: PA can be classified into five Types: Type I - PA is present focally in a prostate lobe (≤ 10 mm). Type II - PA is present in a prostate lobe (> 10 mm) and/or partially overcrosses the border of the midline prostatic glandular. Type III - PA is present in both glandular lobes form of multifocal areas (≤ 10 mm). Type IV - PA is present in both glandular lobes form of multifocal areas (> 10 mm). Type V - PA involving intra or extraprostatic structures (bladder, urethra, seminal vesicles and prostatic capsule). The different ultrasound imaging and diagnostic criteria are listed for each type and subtype. Conclusions: The sonographic pattern of PA is usually characteristic and easily differentiated from other glandular lesions. The purpose of the study was to associate the use of TRUS to a clinical standardized classification in order to facilitate PA diagnosis and localization directing the clinician treatment to the correct management and adequate therapeutic treatment.
Contralateral tumor seeding of renal cell carcinoma mimicking late metastasis of liver after laparoscopic nephrectomy: A case report with review of the literature
Authors: Yüksel Özgür Haki , Yildirim Caglar , Ürkmez Ahmet , Akan Serkan , Verit Ayhan
Published: October 2015

Laparoscopic surgery has been increasingly used every day in the management of urologic malignancies. Even though it seems as a minimally invasive surgery, during these interventions tumor seeding, as seen in open surgery, confronts us as a rarely seen serious risk. Herein, we have reported a case who demonstrated peritoneal tumor implantation at 12 month postoperative follow up after laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) performed for Furhman grade 1 (T2N0M0) renal cell cancer.
Distal corpus cavernosum fibrosis and erectile dysfunction secondary to non-ischaemic priapism
Authors: Zacharakis Evangelos , Ralph David J. , Walkden Miles , Muneer Asif
Published: October 2015

Non-ischaemic priapism is a rare type of priapism and is associated with penile or perineal trauma. The absence of ischaemia should theoretically prevent smooth muscle necrosis and corporal fibrosis which occurs in ischaemic priapism. The aim of this study was to first report a patient series with non-ischaemic priapism that developed distal corpus cavernosum fibrosis and erectile dysfunction. Over a 5 year period, a cohort of 6 patients diagnosed with non-ischaemic priapism presented to a single centre. The diagnosis was based on a clinical history, penile examination with confirmation using a combination of cavernosal blood gas analysis, colour duplex ultrasonography of the penis and angiography. Patients were followed up in clinic at regular intervals with clinical examination and repeat imaging. Following a median follow up of 4 weeks (range 2-12) the patients reported either the development of erectile dysfunction with distal penile flaccidity. Five patients required the use of PDE-5 inhibitors to achieve full tumescence. The remaining patient eventually underwent insertion of a penile prosthesis due to the failure of pharmacotherapies. Based on these findings we suggest that superselective embolisation of non-ischaemic priapism cases occasionally should be performed after a shorter period of conservative treatment.
Primary myoepithelial carcinoma of rib bone
Authors: Biradar Pramod , Menon Santosh , Patil Asawari , Karimundakal George , Jambhekar Nirmala
Published: October 2015

Myoepithelial tumors are most commonly seen as salivary gland tumors. Tumors of similar morphology and nomenclature are also seen rarely in soft tissue, skin, lungs and breast. Bone is an uncommon anatomical site for occurrence of myoepithelial tumors. Histologically, they have variable admixture of epithelial elements in a gamut of patterns with myxoid matricial background. Most of these are benign with very anecdotal reports of malignant counterpart, myoepithelial carcinoma. Herein we describe an extremely rare case of a malignant myoepithelial tumor arising from the rib which owing to unusual location and immunohistochemical profile was diagnostically challenging.
Vemurafenib-related sterile scrotal abscess in a patient with BRAFV600K-mutant advanced melanoma mimicking distant metastasis
Authors: Marsico Jennifer Gibbons , Rodriguez Regulo , Müller Joachim , Jörger Markus
Published: October 2015

Background:

Vemurafenib is a selective BRAF-inhibitor that has been approved for the use in patients with advanced BRAF-mutant melanoma. Major adverse events include skin rash, photosensitivity, pruritus, cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma or keratoacanthoma.

Observation:

We present the case of a patient experiencing extensive sterile abscess of the scrotum after nine months of treatment with vemurafenib for oligometastatic (liver) BRAF-mutant melanoma. The scrotal lesion mimicked distant metastasis in a first round of clinical and radiological examinations, but was identified as sterile abscess after surgical exploration and complete excision. The patient went on to receive hemihepatectomy for melanoma supposedly confined to the liver, and continues receiving vemurafenib.

Conclusions:

We describe a remarkable case of probably vemurafenib-related sterile abscess. This adverse event is of substantial clinical relevance, as it mimicks metastatic melanoma and requires careful diagnostic evaluation and proper treatment to allow a favorable patient outcome.
Angiomyofibroblastoma
Authors: Mallya Varuna , Sahai Kavita , Rathi K. R. , Prasad Urmila
Published: October 2015

Angiomyofibroblastoma is a very rare benign mesenchymal tumor of the superficial soft-tissues. Most of the cases have been reported in the vulva. It presents usually in the reproductive age group. Histologically it is characterized by alternating hypo and hypercellular areas admixed with thin walled blood vessels with a perivascular concentration of stromal cells. We report a case of this lesion arising in the vagina in a 46-year-old woman.
Metastatic tumors in the duodenum
Authors: Iwamuro Masaya , Uetsuka Hirokazu , Makihata Kiyoshi , Yamamoto Kazuhide
Published: October 2015

Two cases are presented involving a 71-year-old male with adenocarcinoma of the lung and a 57-year-old male with adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon, each with metastatic lesions located in the duodenal bulb. Each lesion appeared as a submucosal tumor with an ulcer at the center. Lymph node swelling in the hepatoduodenal ligament was also found to precede the emergence of each duodenal metastasis. These cases indicate that involvement of the lymph node in the hepatoduodenal ligament may be a forerunner of duodenal metastasis.
Late relapse of testicular cancer
Authors: Akar Emre , Tural Deniz , Arslan Deniz , Başsorgun Cumhur İbrahim , Yıldız Özcan
Published: October 2015

Late relapse of testicular cancer, defined as >2 years interval between initial treatment and recurrence, is a rare disease with the incidence rate of 2.6%. Due to its chemoresistant features, treatment options of late relapses are controversial while surgical approach and cisplatin-based chemotherapies can be considered. We report here a patient with nonseminomatous germ cell tumor who experienced relapse 24 years after his first diagnosis. After detecting left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy and absence of any other malignant lesion in positron emission tomography-computerized tomography, patient was treated with three cycles of VeIP regimen (vinblastine/ifosfamide/cisplatin). Second complete response to this treatment was achieved with chemotherapy alone.
Long-term survival in gliosarcoma with radiation-induced meningeal sarcomas
Authors: Wang Zhen , Kong Qing-Tao , Wu Xin-Hu , Zhu Xi-Xu
Published: October 2015

Gliosarcoma is a rare primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system with poor prognosis. The median survival time of this disease ranges from 6 months to 14.8 months. However, a computer literature search indicated few long-term survivors. We investigated a case of a survivor of gliosarcoma with radiation-induced meningeal sarcomas, who showed no indication of recurrence for more than 9 years. A battery of molecular studies was performed to develop a molecular profile of this unique patient. We also reviewed the distinct clinical and molecular features of the tumor.
Extensive osteolytic skull base amyloidoma simulating malignancy
Authors: Agrawal Meetu , Batra Vineeta V. , Majumdar Kaushik , Upreti Lalendra , Singh Daljit
Published: October 2015

Although amyloidomas are quite well-known, intracranial, and especially skull base lesions have been rarely reported. Extensive lesions in the skull base frequently simulate malignancy clinicoradiologically. Diagnosis of these lesions is important as they offer a favorable prognosis. We describe a large infiltrating osteolytic skull base tumor-like lesion in a 45-year-old male without evidence of associated plasma cell dyscrasia. Squash smears and histopathology revealed a plasma cell-rich lesion with abundant amyloid, confirming amyloidoma. To conclude, amyloidoma of the skull base is a rare tumor-like lesion, with timely diagnosis and management offering a good prognosis.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid gland associated with salivary calculi
Authors: Shenoy Vijendra S. , Kamath M. Panduranga , Sreedharan Suja , Suhas S. S.
Published: October 2015

Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) of the head and neck are relatively rare tumors, consisting of approximately 10-15% of all salivary gland neoplasms. ACC, a slow-growing aggressive malignant tumor of salivary gland commonly seen in the submandibular, sublingual, minor salivary glands is seldom found in the parotid. Calculus, the common cause of salivary gland dysfunction is usually identified in submandibular salivary gland because of its duct anatomy and physiochemical characteristic serous secretion. We report an unusual case of co-existent presentation of ACC with salivary calculi in the parotid gland which is never been reported in the literature. Co-existence of ductal calculi and ACC is rare. Presence of parotid calculus could be due to long standing ductal obstruction by the slow-growing ACC of the parotid or other possibility is that the malignancy could have developed because of chronic irritation by parotid calculi. Confirmatory studies are required to understand its mutual pathological association.
Variant Philadelphia translocations in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Mysorekar Vijaya V. , Subramanian Murali , Kilara Nalini , Sundareshan Tambarahalli S.
Published: October 2015

The t (9;22)(q34;q11) translocation is found in about 90% of the chronic myeloid leukemia patients. About 5 - 10% of these patients have complex variant translocations involving a third chromosome in addition to chromosomes 9 and 22. We describe five male patients in the chronic myeloid leukemia-chronic phase, with rare variant Philadelphia translocations. All of them had the BCR-ABL fusion gene and responded well to treatment with imatinib mesylate. All the patients are on regular follow-up.
Large cell lung carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype
Authors: Bahadur Shalini , Pujani Mukta , Jetley Sujata , Khetrapal Shaan , Raina Prabhat Kumar
Published: October 2015

Large cell lung carcinoma (LCLC), rhabdoid phenotype (RP) is a rare entity, accounting for 0.1-1% of all lung tumors. It is characterized by presence of more than 10% cells with rhabdoid morphology-large cells with abundant cytoplasm, eccentric nuclei, prominent nucleoli and eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions. We report a case of rhabdoid variant of large cell carcinoma in a 65-year-old female. Patient presented with a lump in the right axilla. Computed tomography showed a large mass lesion in right lung with involvement of the chest wall. Tru-cut biopsy from the lung lesion was performed and histopathology was compatible with LCLC. A RP was considered due to the presence of tumor cells with eosinophilic cytoplasmic globules and eccentric nuclei. Cytokeratin and vimentin were diffusely positive while thyroid transcription factor was focally positive. INI-1, desmin, calretinin, HMB-45, and neuroendocrine markers were negative. This case highlights that recognition of large cell carcinoma lung, RP is very important because of its aggressive nature and adverse outcome.
Osseous metaplasia in leiomyoma
Authors: Chander Bal , Shekhar Shashank
Published: October 2015

Being one of the commonest tumors of the female genital tract during the reproductive years, the leiomyoma uteri expectedly demonstrates a wide spectrum of histological variations. However, heterologous tissue differentiation is a rare finding and frank bone formation is even rarer. The factors that lead to heterologous tissue formation in a leiomyoma are subject to speculation. This is a rare case report and possibly the first, on the formation of pure mature bone in a uterine leiomyoma.
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor associated with a dentigerous cyst
Authors: Manjunatha B. S. , Harsh Ashutosh , Purohit Sharad , Naga Mahita V.
Published: October 2015

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a relatively uncommon benign lesion of odontogenic origin mainly affecting females in second decade of life, having a predilection for the anterior region of the maxilla. Histologically, it is composed of odontogenic epithelium in a variety of histopathological patterns in a mature, fibrous connective tissue stroma and characterized by slow but progressive growth. Very few cases of AOT associated with a dentigerous cyst have been reported in the literature. PubMed and Medline data showed a total of 11 cases of AOT associated with a dentigerous cyst in the literature. We present an additional case of an AOT arising from a dentigerous cyst around the crown of an unerupted upper canine in a 20-year-old female, which was clinically diagnosed as a dentigerous cyst. Histologically, the case showed proliferation of odontogenic epithelium in the form of whorls and islands typical of AOT associated with dentigerous cyst appearing thin reduced enamel like epithelium lining the cystic cavity, described previously. However, it is unclear whether this entity has a more aggressive potential.
Carcinoma cervix presenting with clivus metastasis
Authors: Rao Arpitha S. , Nandennavar Manjunath , Narayanan Geeta S.
Published: October 2015

We present an unusual case of a large metastatic lesion from carcinoma cervix located in the clivus. Patient presented with severe headache and vomiting, mimicking an intracranial pathology. Radiological imaging suggested metastatic origin of the lesion and later on investigations revealed primary in the uterine cervix. The anatomic importance of extradural neural axis component in the process of metastasis of carcinoma cervix to the clivus is highlighted in this case report.
A rare case of ALK negative CD30+ primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma in a young adult
Authors: Sridevi H. B. , Shanthala P. R. , Raghuveer C. V. , Prabhu Ananth K. , Akbar Jallaluddin K. C. , Shivaprasad G. S. , Suresh Pooja K. , Navani Sanjay
Published: October 2015

Cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma can present either as a primary disease or as secondary to a pre-existing systemic anaplastic lymphoma. Distinguishing primary cutaneous anaplastic lymphoma (PC-ALCL) from its systemic counterpart requires a complete clinical and laboratory workup. We hereby report a case of PC-ALCL in a young adult, who presented with unusual rapidly progressive ulcerated mass in the neck. Biopsy showed anaplastic large cells, which were strongly positive for CD30 and CD25 but ALK1 gene product was negative. Clinical examination and computed tomography (CT) scan ruled out extracutaneous involvement. Chemotherapy with 6 cycles of CHOP regimen was planned and on follow-up, a complete remission of the lesion was attained.