bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Experiences of Virtual Support for Grief and Bereavement
Authors: Crowley Andrea , Kirst Maritt
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic forced many mental health service providers to switch to virtual methods of service provision. Grief and bereavement supports are no exception, with both peer and professional supports being offered online. A goal of this study was to examine grievers experiences with online peer or professional support. Grounded in social support theory, this research implemented a qualitative design involving semistructured interviews with 25 participants who received professional and/or peer grief support in Midwestern Ontario, Canada. Ten participants received professional support, seven received peer support, eight received both support types, and all experienced virtual support. Analysis methods included a hybrid of inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Participants highlighted advantages and disadvantages of virtual support, including advantages of support at home and disadvantages of no in-person environment to facilitate bonding. Implications for this project include informing the social support sector of strengths and limitations within virtual support services for grief.
The relationship between spiritual wellbeing, pain catastrophizing, and pain perception: An exploration of pain perception in individuals with chronic pain
Authors: Luedtke Daniel , Wachholtz Amy
Published: February 2025

Spiritual wellbeing correlates with improved pain perception. We hypothesize that pain catastrophizing, which correlates with worsened pain, partially explains this relationship. In this cross-sectional, human laboratory-based study, 120 US Americans with chronic pain completed self-report measures of spiritual wellbeing, pain catastrophizing, and their subconstructs. A cold pressor task measured pain perception (i.e. pain sensitivity and pain tolerance). Multiple regressions evaluated the relationship between spiritual wellbeing (and its subconstructs) and pain perception with and without the inclusion of pain catastrophizing (and its subconstructs). No direct relationships were found between spiritual wellbeing or its subconstructs and pain sensitivity, although helplessness significantly altered regression coefficients. Spiritual wellbeing, meaning, and peace associated less strongly with pain tolerance controlling for pain catastrophizing, helplessness, and (for peace) magnification. This shows that many of the links between spiritual wellbeing and pain perception are indirect, through pain catastrophizing and especially helplessness.
Application of collaborative filtering based on deep learning in college students’ entrepreneurship project recommendation system
Authors: Xu Mei , Yang Ling , Zheng Jun
Published: February 2025

With the increasing entrepreneurial activities of college students, building an effective entrepreneurial project recommendation system is crucial to stimulate innovation and improve the success rate of entrepreneurship. Traditional collaborative filtering methods have achieved some success in recommender systems. However, with the increase of data scale and the complexity of entrepreneurial projects, the effect of traditional methods is gradually limited. This study uses a data set containing a large number of entrepreneurial project data and compares the collaborative filtering model based on deep learning with traditional methods. Experimental results show that compared with traditional methods, the new model improves the recommendation accuracy by about 15% and the personalization by about 20%. This shows that deep learning has obvious advantages in processing data of large-scale entrepreneurial projects. Further data analysis also shows the training effect and generalization ability of the model. The effectiveness and robustness of the model are verified by analyzing the change trend of training loss and verification loss. Through the survey of user satisfaction, users’ satisfaction with the recommendation system based on deep learning is significantly higher than that of traditional methods.
Paulo Freire’s contributions to 21st century teacher education: Inspirations for (re)discovering humanization
Authors: Rodríguez Milagros Elena , Fortunato Ivan
Published: February 2025

Paulo Freire’s legacy remains a cornerstone of our liberating practice, where educating is synonymous with liberation. In this investigation, we emphasize Freire’s contributions to teacher education in the 21st century as inspirations for (re)finding humanization. We employ a transmethodical, decolonial, and complex research approach, utilizing rhizomatic deconstruction for intertwined analyses of deconstruction and reconstruction. This paper, authored by scholars from Brazil and Venezuela, critically examines the crisis of teacher education in their respective countries. Our reconstruction reveals that the humanization of education, inspired by Freire, is imperative in the 21st century. We must reject banking education and narratives of oppression in our classrooms. Teachers must act as agents of liberation, fostering an inclusive environment that transforms lives and contributes to a more just and humane world.
Open Data Learning Designs in Elementary School: Defining the Essential Elements for Developing Open Data Competencies
Authors: Vargas Alejandra Celis , Magnussen Rikke , Larsen Birger , Mulder Ingrid
Published: February 2025

Although schools are recognised as relevant actors in addressing the lack of skills of citizens for participating in Open Data ecosystems, educational approaches have not been clearly defined. In this paper, a design-based research methodological framework has been used to iteratively develop a learning design grounded in data literacy and real-world problem-solving to build Open Data competencies in elementary school. We conducted three cycles including five interventions in Danish schools with 117 pupils and nine teachers in 7th to 9th-grade. The first exploratory cycle provided contextual insights. The second cycle focused on designing an authentic game. The third cycle focused on supporting the Open Data competencies. We have iteratively developed The Open Data Newsroom, a role-playing game that immerses students in a data journalism process to solve a local environmental mystery with data. The results show how central design elements such as an authentic Open Data practice, local open data, physical and digital elements, and real-world complex problems support the development of Open Data skills, keeping students engaged, and creating an authentic experience in Open Data learning designs. The discussion section elaborates on how game-based and authentic learning approaches are central for integrating Open Data in elementary school education.
EXPRESS: HEaring and LIstening eXperience (HELIX): Evaluation of a co-designed serious game for auditory-cognitive training.
Authors: Frost Emily , Malhotra Paresh , Porat Talya , Poole Katarina , Menon Aarya , Picinali Lorenzo
Published: February 2025

Introduction: In the dementia field, a number of applications are being developed aimed at boosting functional abilities. There is an interesting gap as to how utilising serious games can further the knowledge on the potential relationship between hearing and cognitive health in mid-life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the auditory-cognitive training application HELIX, against outcome measures for speech-in-noise, cognitive tasks, communication confidence, quality of life and usability. Methods: A randomised-controlled trial was completed for 43 participants with subjective hearing loss and/or cognitive impairment, over a play period of 4-weeks and a follow-up period of another 4-weeks. Outcome measures included an new online implementation of the Digit-Triplet-Test, a battery of online cognitive tests and quality of life questionnaires. Paired semi-structured interviews and usability measures were completed to assess HELIX’s impact on quality of life and usability. Results:An improvement in the performance of the Digit-Triplet-Test, measured four and eight weeks after the baseline, was found within the training group, however this improvement was not significant between the training and control groups. No significant improvements were found in any other outcome measures. Thematic analysis suggested HELIX prompted realisation of difficulties and actions required, improved listening and positive behaviour change. Discussion: Employing a participatory design approach has ensured HELIX is relevant and useful for participants that may be at risk of developing age-related hearing loss and cognitive decline. Whilst an improvement in the Digit-Triplet-Test was seen, it is not possible to conclude whether this was as a result of playing HELIX.
Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A Case Series
Authors: Lupini Francesca , Moore Hailey , Basch Molly , Vagadori Jack , Cooke Frances , Kelly Katherine Patterson , Streisand Randi , Shomaker Lauren , Dagnachew Mesgana , Cooper Daniel K. , Mackey Eleanor R.
Published: February 2025

Objective: Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have risk for elevated negative affect, and mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) may be effective interventions. The aim of this case series was to (1) highlight individual changes in negative affect (depression, anxiety, and stress), mindfulness, and diabetes outcomes (diabetes distress, diabetes self-management, and HbA1c) after participating in an MBI and (2) highlight the utility of MBI in historically marginalized populations. Methods: Cases were chosen from a sample of adolescents with T1D and elevated negative affect who took part in a pilot randomized controlled trial of an MBI. Individuals were selected due to adherence to study protocol, similar baseline scores on target outcomes, and demographic similarities that indicate historical marginalization. The participants were two 12–14-year-old girls with T1D, one identifying as Black/African American, “Jayla,” and one identifying as biracial Latinx/Hispanic, “Valerie” who participated in a 6–7 session virtual group MBI. Participants completed surveys at baseline, post-intervention, and three months post-intervention. Results: Jayla and Valerie demonstrated improvements in multiple domains including depression, anxiety, stress, mindfulness, diabetes distress, and diabetes self-management. We observed small improvements in HbA1c and disordered eating in Valerie, but not in Jayla. Conclusions: This case series demonstrates the potential utility of MBI in adolescents with T1D and negative affect, particularly those experiencing increased burden of SDOH.
DLAT activates EMT to promote HCC metastasis by regulating GLUT1-mediated aerobic glycolysis
Authors: Yin Qian , Yao Yinye , Ni Jiaojiao , Zhang Yiwen , Wu Jia , Zeng Hui , Wu Wei , Zhuo Wei , Ying Jieer , Li Jingjing
Published: February 2025

Background

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, driving aberrant cellular processes in response to pathological stimuli. While dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (DLAT) has been implicated in the development of various cancers, its specific role and underlying mechanisms in HCC remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression, function, and mechanistic impact of DLAT in HCC.

Methods

A comprehensive analysis was conducted using RNA sequencing data, tissue microarrays, in vitro and in vivo functional assays, and mechanistic studies to evaluate DLAT expression, its functional role in tumor progression, and associated molecular pathways in HCC.

Results

Our study revealed a significant upregulation of DLAT expression in HCC, which was linked to a poor prognosis. Furthermore, we discovered that DLAT facilitated tumor metastasis by driving metabolic reprogramming in HCC cells. Mechanistically, DLAT was found to enhance glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression via H3K18 acetylation, thereby promoting aerobic glycolysis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which subsequently augmented metastasis of HCC both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we confirmed a positive correlation between DLAT and GLUT1 expression in HCC tissues.

Conclusions

These findings establish DLAT as a key regulator in HCC progression and suggest its potential as a promising predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for improving HCC diagnosis and treatment.
Higher nonunion rates with locking plates compared to dynamic compression plates in forearm diaphyseal fractures: a multicenter study
Authors: Tseng Tzu-Hao , Hung Chih-Chien , Yen Hung-Kuan , Chen Ho-Min , Wang Chen-Yu , Tzeng Shi-Chien , Fu Shau-Huai
Published: February 2025

Background

Dynamic compression plate (DCP) osteosynthesis is the gold standard for treating forearm diaphyseal fractures, providing stability and promoting healing. Locking plates (LPs) are increasingly used in modern fracture management but may increase the risk of nonunion if applied with excessive rigidity and without proper fracture site compression. The purpose of this study is to compare the nonunion rate between LPs and DCPs.

Materials and methods

We conducted a retrospective study by reviewing the medical records and radiographs of 515 patients diagnosed with radial and/or ulnar shaft fractures at three trauma centers between 2014 and 2019. Inclusion criteria were patients treated with locking plates (LPs), locking compression plates (LCPs), or dynamic compression plates (DCPs) who had at least 9 months of outpatient follow-up and imaging assessments. Exclusion criteria included treatment with other methods, hospitalization for pathological fractures or implant removal, or incomplete surgical records. Data on patient demographics, injury details, and surgical outcomes were collected to compare nonunion rates, as well as early and late complications, between the LP and DCP groups.

Results

A total of 368 patients were included in the analysis. Among them, 132 (35.9%) had isolated radial shaft fractures, 116 (31.5%) had isolated ulnar shaft fractures, and 120 (32.6%) had both-bone fractures. Of these, 124 patients received LP implants, 98 were treated with LCPs, and 146 were treated with DCPs. Early complications were comparable among the groups; however, the nonunion rate was significantly higher in the LP group (18.5% versus 11.2% versus 6.2%, p < 0.007). Logistic regression identified LP use [odds ratio (OR): 3.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–7.53] as a significant predictor of nonunion. Notably, LPs lacking dynamic compression functionality were associated with markedly higher odds of nonunion in radial shaft fractures (OR: 26.94, 95% CI 3.52–206.15). These findings collectively indicate that LPs increase the nonunion rate in forearm fractures.

Conclusions

Using LPs without compression functionality to treat forearm diaphyseal fractures increases the nonunion rate, particularly in radial shaft fractures. Therefore, we recommend using LCPs or DCPs for forearm diaphyseal fractures to ensure adequate compression at the fracture site during fixation, thereby promoting optimal bone healing rates.

Level of evidence: Level III: retrospective comparative therapeutic study.
Therapeutic potential of a newly isolated bacteriophage against multi-drug resistant Enterococcus faecalis infections: in vitro and in vivo characterization
Authors: Ali Zienab , Abdelkader Karim , Abdel-Fattah Maha M. , Azmy Ahmed Farag , El-Gendy Ahmed O. , Dishisha Tarek
Published: February 2025

Background

In nosocomial settings, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis is a major health threat leading to increased morbidities, mortalities, and treatment costs. Nowadays, several approaches are under investigation to enhance the activity of or replace the traditional antibiotics. Bacteriophage therapy was sought as a potential approach for combating E. faecalis infections. The present study focuses on isolating and characterizing bacteriophage against clinical multi-drug resistant (MDR) E. faecalis strain Lb-1492. The phage stability, lytic activity, host-range, latent period, burst size, the ability to detach the pre-formed biofilm and destroy entrapped cells were investigated. The phage genome was purified, sequenced, and subjected to bioinformatics analysis for identifying and characterizing its features, as well as, the suitability for clinical application. Finally, the ability of the phage to rescue mice from deadly, experimentally induced E. faecalis bacteremia was evaluated.

Results

A virulent phage was isolated from sewage water against a clinical MDR E. faecalis isolate. Morphological and genomic studies indicated that the phage belongs to the Efquatrovirus genus, with a long tail, icosahedral head and a linear double-stranded DNA genome of approximately 42.9 kbp. The phage was named vB_Efa_ZAT1 (shortly ZAT1). It demonstrated a shorter latent period and larger burst size than regular-tailed phages, and a characteristic stability over a wide range of pH and temperatures, with the optimum activity at pH 7.4 and 37 °C, respectively. Phage ZAT1 showed a narrow spectrum of activity and a characteristic biofilm disruption ability. The phage managed successfully to control E. faecalis-induced bacteremia in mice models, which was lethal within 48 h in the control group. An intraperitoneal injection of 3 × 108 PFU of the phage solution given 1 h after the bacterial challenge was sufficient to save all the animals, completely reversing the trend of 100% mortality caused by this bacterium.

Conclusions

Phage therapy can be a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics in the post-antibiotic era with a significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against MDR E. faecalis.
Casual effect of ulcerative colitis on chronic heart failure: results from a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chu Yuzhou , Li Jianhua , Gong Li , Shao Sheng , Chen Hao , He Pengfei , Yan Juntao
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to detect the causal effect of ulcerative colitis (UC) on heart failure. A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed. The causal impact of UC on heart failure was determined via MR by performing a genome-wide association study in which 4 UCs descending from European ancestors were set as individual exposures. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main method, and 4 other methods were set as assistant parameters. Susbequently, the MR results were combined with meta-analysis results. The MR Egger method was employed to investigate pleiotropy. The leave-one-out method was utilized for sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, a reverse-directional study was conducted. There was evidence of the causal effect of UC on heart failure in MR estimates using 4 UC datasets. The IVW method revealed that the odds ratio (OR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–1.06, P = 0.0441 when the first UC dataset was used; OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.05, P = 0.0445 when the second UC dataset was used; OR = 2046, 95% CI = 1.37-3.05E + 06, P = 0.0409 when the third UC dataset was used; and OR = 8.12E + 04, 95% CI = 29.09-2.27E + 08, P = 0.0052 when the fourth UC dataset was used. A meta-analysis of 4 MR studies revealed that UC had a statistically significant causal effect on heart failure (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.05; P = 0.0074). Reverse MR analysis revealed that heart failure did not have a causal effect on UC. There was no pleiotropy. This MR study demonstrated that UC had a causal effect on heart failure and that there was no reverse causal effect.
The impact of functional MDM2-polymorphisms on neutrophil counts in breast cancer patients during neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Hatletvedt Nora D. , Engebrethsen Christina , Geisler Jürgen , Geisler Stephanie , Aas Turid , Lønning Per E. , Gansmo Liv B. , Knappskog Stian
Published: February 2025

Background

Functional polymorphisms in the MDM2 promoters have been linked to cancer risk and several non-malignant conditions. Their potential role in bone marrow function during chemotherapy is largely unknown.

Methods

We investigated the potential associations between genotypes of MDM2 SNP309 (rs2279744), SNP285 (rs117039649) and del1518 (rs3730485) and neutrophil counts in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant sequential epirubicin and docetaxel, with additional G-CSF, in the DDP-trial (NCT00496795). We applied longitudinal ratios, post vs. pre-treatment, of neutrophil counts as our main measure. Differences by genotypes were tested by Jonckheere-Terpstra test for ranked alternatives, while dominant and recessive models were tested by Mann–Whitney U test, and additional sub-analyses were performed for genotype combinations.

Results

The SNP309 reference T-allele was associated with a better sustained neutrophil count (p = 0.035). A similar association was observed for the alternative del-allele of the del1518 (p = 0.049). Additionally, in combined genotype-analyses, patients with the SNP309 TT genotype and at least one copy of the del1518 del-allele had particularly favorable sustained neutrophil counts during chemotherapy treatment (p = 0.005).

Conclusions

Our study provides evidence that MDM2 promoter polymorphisms may be associated with neutrophil counts and bone marrow recovery during chemotherapy treatment in breast cancer patients.

Trial registration

The DDP-trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00496795; registration date 2007–07-04).
Effectiveness of topical application with dexamethasone during sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible in minimising clinical symptoms of postoperative neurosensory disorders
Authors: Logvynenko Iryna , Dakhno Larysa , Bursova Valeriia
Published: February 2025

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of topical application with dexamethasone during BSSO due to its anti-inflammatory effect and decreasing of postoperative nerve oedema in minimising clinical symptoms of NSD associated with inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury in postoperative period, based on the results of sensory diagnostic tests, such as light touch test and its modifications.

Methods

Through randomisation, 2 groups were selected from 22 patients: the experimental– where topical application with solution of dexamethasone phosphate 0.4% (4 mg/1 ml ampules) during sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible was used, and the control– where the classical technique of BSSO was held.

Results

Authors performed diagnostics of NSD using Light Touch test on 1st day, 1st week, 1st month, 3rd month and 6th month postoperatively. The experimental group showed improvements in sensory recovery compared to the control group, particularly from 1 week to 3 months post-surgery. By 6 months, both groups achieved similar levels of sensitivity restoration.

Conclusions

This confirms the effectiveness of proposed method and opens up further prospects for the updated function of the IAN following the BSSO.

Clinical trial number

Not applicable.
Intracranial stenosis prediction using a small set of risk factors in the Tromsø Study
Authors: Bernecker Luca , Johnsen Liv-Hege , Vangberg Torgil Riise
Published: February 2025

Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) refers to a narrowing of intracranial arteries due to plaque buildup on the inside of the vessel walls restricting blood flow. Early detection of ICAS is crucial to prevent serious consequences such as stroke. Here we apply three different machine learning methods, such as support vector machines, multi-layer perceptrons and Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks to predict ICAS according to sparse risk factors from blood lipids and demographic data, including smoking habits, age, sex, diabetes, blood pressure lowering and cholesterol-lowering drugs and high-density lipoprotein. We achieved similar performance on classification compared to modern detection algorithms for ICAS in TOF-MRA (time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography). The prevalence of ICAS in the population is relatively low, which is often case in medicine. While in the medical research community, the issue of low prevalence is established, machine learning-based research in medicine often does not take into account a critical viewpoint of the prevalence in clinical settings of their methods. We showed that with a balanced training/test set an accuracy up to 81% was achievable, while with the inclusion of prevalence, the positive predictive value was at 19% to the prevalence data, changes the performance metrics. Therefore, we highlighted the discrepancy that can arise between the results reported by the models and their clinical relevance. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the predictive potential of limited risk factors, highlighting its potential contribution to a multi-modular classification algorithm based on MRAs.
Unraveling the role of satellite DNAs in the evolution of the giant XY sex chromosomes of the flea beetle Omophoita octoguttata (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Vidal Jhon Alex Dziechciarz , Charlesworth Deborah , Utsunomia Ricardo , Garrido-Ramos Manuel A. , dos Santos Rodrigo Zeni , Porto-Foresti Fábio , Artoni Roberto Ferreira , Liehr Thomas , de Almeida Mara Cristina , de Bello Cioffi Marcelo
Published: February 2025

Background

The flea beetle Omophoita octoguttata (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) is a member of a group in which the males completely lack meiotic recombination (male-specific achiasmy) and that have extraordinarily large X and Y chromosomes. We combined genome sequencing, including microdissected Y and X chromosomes, and cytogenetic in situ hybridization studies, to evaluate the potential role of satellite DNAs (satDNAs) in the differentiation of those gigantic sex chromosomes.

Results

We report flow cytometry results showing that this species has a very large genome size (estimated to be 4.61 and 5.47 pg, or roughly 4.6 and 5.5 gigabases, for males and females, respectively), higher than the estimates from two other Alticinae species without giant sex chromosomes, suggesting that these sequences have greatly expanded on both the sex chromosomes, and that the Y has not greatly shrunk like the ones of other insects such as Drosophila with male achiasmy. About 68% of this large genome is made up of repetitive DNAs. Satellite DNAs (OocSatDNAs) form ~ 8–9% of their genomes, and we estimate how much of the sex chromosome expansions occurred due to differential amplification of different satellite classes. Analysis of divergence between sequences in the X and Y chromosomes suggests that, during the past roughly 20 mya, different OocSatDNAs amplified independently, leading to different representations. Some are specific to the Y or X chromosome, as expected when males are achiasmate, completely preventing genetic exchanges between the Y and X.
Measuring the quality of life of patients with diabetic retinopathy in northern India: a comparison of generic and vision specific instruments
Authors: Purohit Neha , Goyal Aarti , Gupta Vishali , Gupta Parul Chawla , Singh Prakash , Prinja Shankar
Published: February 2025

Background

Estimation of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients is important to assess the impact of disease, to monitor the treatment outcomes, and conduct health technology assessments. The study aimed to measure the HRQoL in DR patients using the generic as well as disease specific instruments, identify the determinants of HRQoL, empirically investigate the concurrent validity between the QoL instruments, and to develop statistical approaches to map NEI-VFQ-25 (National Eye Institute- Visual Function Questionnaire- 25) composite score based on EQ-5D-5 L (EuroQol 5-dimensions 5-levels) utility values.

Methods

A facility based cross-sectional study was carried out to measure the HRQoL of 300 DR patients using EQ-5D-5 L, EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS), and NEI-VFQ-25 instruments. Mean HRQoL scores, along with DR state specific and visual acuity specific utility values were analysed. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to ascertain concurrent validity between NEI-VFQ-25 composite score and its sub-scale scores, EQ-5D-5L index value, and EQ-VAS score. Lastly, we evaluated statistical models using predictor sets based on the EQ-5D-5 L utility scores to estimate NEI-VFQ-25 scores.

Results

The mean EQ-5D-5 L utility value for DR patients was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.65–0.73). The mean NEI-VFQ-25 composite score and EQ-VAS score were 61.1 (95% CI: 57.5–64.5), and 67.6 (95% CI: 65.6–69.5), respectively. Both EQ-5D-5 L and EQ-VAS had a strong concurrent validity with NEI-VFQ-25 composite score. ‘Tobit regression with log of composite score’ was assessed to the preferred model to predict the NEI-VFQ-25 composite score using EQ-5D-5L utility values.

Conclusion

Diabetic retinopathy has a decremental impact on quality of life, which increases with severity in vision loss. Both generic as well as disease-specific outcome measures are equally reliable to determine quality of life of patients with DR. The EQ-5D-5 L can be utilized for measurement of HRQoL in DR in clinical settings to optimize time of clinicians, with further derivation of NEI-VFQ-25 values through application of the crosswalk algorithm for predicting vision- related QoL.
Co-designing an intervention for cardiovascular disease risk assessment and management after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in primary care
Authors: Slater Kaylee , Taylor Rachael , McLaughlin Karen , Pennell Craig E. , Forbes Karyn , Marcetic Milena , Collins Clare E. , Hutchesson Melinda
Published: February 2025

Background

Women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Although clinical practice guidelines for management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy recommend involvement of a general practitioner for ongoing cardiovascular disease preventative care, there are no intervention strategies embedded within primary care aimed at improving risk assessment or management for women after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The study aim was to co-design an intervention to improve implementation of cardiovascular disease risk assessment and management following hypertensive disorders of pregnancy for primary care settings in a local health district in New South Wales, Australia.

Method

Using the Integrated Knowledge Translation framework, a series of five co-design meetings with the investigative team and end users were conducted online. Meetings were informed by the Behaviour Change Wheel framework for intervention development and incorporated research findings from a systematic review and meta-analysis, surveys and an online discussion. Data from activities and audio recordings following each meeting were analysed thematically using inductive–deductive thematic analysis. Results were summarized after each meeting, and findings used to inform ongoing intervention development.

Results

The 18 end users included women with lived experience of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (n = 8), obstetricians (n = 2), midwives (n = 5) and general practitioners (n = 3). Target priorities were to improve communication between hospital staff and general practitioners following the occurrence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and increase the knowledge of general practitioners and women regarding cardiovascular disease prevention after cardiometabolic pregnancy complications. Part 1 of the intervention is set within the hospital setting and delivered via physical resources to address the communication gap between hospital and primary care providers about the occurrence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Part 2 is delivered via an update to an existing general practice education platform and through resources for use within consultations to provide education for women and general practitioners about cardiovascular disease prevention after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Conclusion

The Integrated Knowledge Translation and Behaviour Change Wheel frameworks aided in the development of a targeted intervention to improve implementation of cardiovascular risk assessment and management for women after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, based on gaps identified in current primary care practice.
Peripheral and central neuroimmune mechanisms in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Gao Yue , Zhao Yini , Huang Timothy Y. , Zheng Qiuyang , Wang Xin
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) poses a growing global health challenge as populations age. Recent research highlights the crucial role of peripheral immunity in AD pathogenesis. This review explores how blood-brain barrier disruption allows peripheral immune cells to infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS), worsening neuroinflammation and disease progression. We examine recent findings on interactions between peripheral immune cells and CNS-resident microglia, forming a self-perpetuating inflammatory cycle leading to neuronal dysfunction. Moreover, this review emphasizes recent developments in the dysregulation of immune factors from both the periphery and CNS, and their impact on AD progression. With ongoing research and development of new therapeutic strategies, this review underscores the importance of modulating interactions between the peripheral immune system and CNS in AD therapy.
Sustainable management of tick infestations in cattle: a tropical perspective
Authors: Mollong Eyabana , Lébri Marius , Marie-Magdeleine Carine , Lagou Stéphanie Marianne , Naves Michel , Bambou Jean-Christophe
Published: February 2025

The increasing challenge of tick infestations in cattle production systems calls for innovative and sustainable solutions. This article explores the diverse ethnoveterinary practices and livestock farming systems prevalent in tropical regions, capitalizing on the characteristic biodiversity, to provide valuable insights and lessons for tick management at a global scale. Additionally, leveraging the genetic diversity of indigenous cattle breeds presents a promising approach for reducing reliance on chemical acaricides and fostering eco-friendly practices. While genomic selection is the cornerstone for addressing the polygenic nature of tick resistance, complementary genomic tools such as marker-assisted selection (MAS) can still play a valuable role. Integrating MAS and genomic tools could facilitate the development of tick-resistant cattle breeds, benefiting both tropical and temperate regions. Addressing challenges such as limited genomic resources, region-specific phenotyping methods, and the need for robust data infrastructure is essential for achieving tick management through genetic selection. Thus, tropical countries can contribute not only to their own livestock agriculture but also to global efforts in sustainable tick management. While some integrated approaches exist, further research is needed to objectively evaluate and optimize the combination of these different management strategies to effectively address tick challenges.

Graphical Abstract
Sex-specific effects of gastrointestinal microbiome disruptions on Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis in INS-GAS mice
Authors: Peng Chao , Li Xin , Li Yu , Xu Xinbo , Ouyang Yaobin , Li Nianshuang , Lu Nonghua , Zhu Yin , He Cong
Published: February 2025

Background

Accumulating evidence indicates that the dysbiosis of gastrointestinal microbiota is associated with the development of gastric carcinogenesis. However, the sex-specific traits of gastrointestinal microbiota and their correlation with the sexually dimorphic response to gastric cancer remain poorly understood.

Methods

Male and female transgenic FVB/N insulin-gastrin (INS-GAS) mice as a model of gastric cancer were randomly administered Brucella Broth or Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Stomachs were evaluated by histopathology. The gastric inflammation was examined by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Gastric mucosal and fecal samples were collected for microbiota analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Results

Following H. pylori infection, male mice showed heightened inflammatory infiltration and notably greater intestinal metaplasia compared to female mice. The structure of gastrointestinal microbiota was different between male and female mice, with relative higher diversity in females than males. Notably, we found gender disparities in the alterations of gastric and intestinal microbiota in mice post H. pylori infection. While the enrichment of Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae was observed in female mice, Escherichia_Shigella and Akkermansia were more abundant in males. Furthermore, the microbial profile was distinct in estrogen-deficient ovariectomized (OVX) mice, including the overgrowth of Akkermansia and the loss of Butyricicoccus. Infected OVX females developed significantly more severe gastric lesions, which was normalized through co-housing with intact females.

Conclusions

We have identified a novel microbiome-based mechanism that provides insight into the sexual dimorphism in the development of H. pylori-associated gastric cancer.
Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of cell-free DNA unveils age-dependent and ALS-associated methylation alterations
Authors: Jin Yulin , Conneely Karen N , Ma Wenjing , Naviaux Robert K. , Siddique Teepu , Allen Emily G. , Guingrich Sandra , Pascuzzi Robert M. , Jin Peng
Published: February 2025

Background

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma carries epigenetic signatures specific to tissue or cell of origin. Aberrant methylation patterns in circulating cfDNA have emerged as valuable tools for noninvasive cancer detection, prenatal diagnostics, and organ transplant assessment. Such epigenetic changes also hold significant promise for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, which often progresses slowly and has a lengthy asymptomatic period. However, genome-wide cfDNA methylation changes in neurodegenerative diseases remain poorly understood.

Results

We used whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) to profile age-dependent and ALS-associated methylation signatures in cfDNA from 30 individuals, including young and middle-aged controls, as well as ALS patients with matched controls. We identified 5,223 age-related differentially methylated loci (DMLs) (FDR < 0.05), with 51.6% showing hypomethylation in older individuals. Our results significantly overlapped with age-associated CpGs identified in a large blood-based epigenome-wide association study (EWAS). Comparing ALS patients to controls, we detected 1,045 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in gene bodies, promoters, and intergenic regions. Notably, these DMRs were linked to key ALS-associated pathways, including endocytosis and cell adhesion. Integration with spinal cord transcriptomics revealed that 31% of DMR-associated genes exhibited differential expression in ALS patients compared to controls, with over 20 genes significantly correlating with disease duration. Furthermore, comparison with published single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-Seq) data of ALS demonstrated that cfDNA methylation changes reflects cell-type-specific gene dysregulation in the brain of ALS patients, particularly in excitatory neurons and astrocytes. Deconvolution of cfDNA methylation profiles suggested altered proportions of immune and liver-derived cfDNA in ALS patients.

Conclusions

cfDNA methylation is a powerful tool for assessing age-related changes and ALS-specific molecular dysregulation by revealing perturbed locus, genes, and the proportional contributions of different tissues/cells to the plasma. This technique holds promise for clinical application in biomarker discovery across a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders.
[18F]FDG PET/CT identifies infectious and inflammatory foci in persistent critical illness
Authors: van Leer Bram , Haitsma Mulier Jelle L. G. , van Stee Cornelis P. , Demenaga Kiki M. , Slart Riemer H. J. A. , van Meurs Matijs , Glaudemans Andor W. J. M. , Nijsten Maarten W. N. , Derde Lennie P. G. , Pillay Janesh
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Some ICU patients remain critically ill despite reversal of the original admission diagnosis, driven by a cascade of events resulting in new and persistent organ failure. Secondary infections and systemic inflammation are important components of this cascade and may be visualised using [18F]FDG PET/CT. The aim of this dual centre retrospective study was to assess the ability of [18F]FDG PET/CT to identify infectious and inflammatory foci in patients with persistent critical illness and to evaluate its impact on subsequent therapy management.

Methods

We included patients admitted to the ICU between 2017 and 2024, in whom a [18F]FDG PET/CT scan was performed ten days or more after ICU admission. [18F]FDG PET/CT reports were reviewed for diagnoses, and clinical records were reviewed to determine if this diagnosis was new, which diagnostics were performed before the PET/CT, and which therapeutic changes were made directly after the PET/CT. The relation between inflammatory parameters and [18F]FDG PET/CT findings were studied using t-test or ANOVA.

Results

Forty-seven patients with persistent critical illness were included from two university medical centres. The median interval between admission and PET/CT was 21 days (IQR 14–28). In 43 patients (91%) a potential infectious or inflammatory focus was detected, of which 34 (72%) were previously unknown. The [18F]FDG PET/CT was utilized late in the diagnostic work-up since a median of 7 (IQR 6.0–8.0) diagnostic procedures were performed prior to the PET/CT. In 26 (55%) patients therapy change was reported within 48 h after the PET/CT.

Conclusion

[18F]FDG PET/CT detected a considerable number of (new) infectious and inflammatory foci in patients with persistent critical illness, often followed by a change in therapy. Further research is needed to establish the role of [18F]FDG PET/CT in these patients.
Societies at risk: the correlation between intensity of armed conflict and child health during the civil war in South Sudan
Authors: de Groot Caroline , Alhaffar MHD Bahaa Aldin , Eriksson Anneli
Published: February 2025

Background

Armed conflict severely impacts children's health, leading to malnutrition and increased child mortality. The republic of South Sudan gained independence from Sudan in 2011 and suffered from seven-years civil war between December 2013–2021. The war led to mass population displacement both internally and externally and worsened the health status of the population, especially the children.

Aim

To investigate the effect of conflict intensity on global acute malnutrition and under-five crude mortality rate in South Sudan during the civil war between 2014–2021.

Methods

The study used an ecological panel data analysis of armed conflict data from Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) and child health data from Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions surveys conducted in 2014–2021. Child health is evaluated as global acute malnutrition (GAM) and under-five crude mortality rate (U5CMR). The study analyzed the correlation between the intensity of conflict and the prevalence of malnutrition and under-five crude mortality on a state level. Internal displacement and food prices were used as indirect effects of conflict. One year lag effect regressions were used to estimate potential correlation between child health and armed conflict.

Results

Total number of conflict related deaths between 2014–2021 was on best estimate (9,577), and on high estimate (13,178). The average GAM rate for the same period was (15.29%), and U5CMR was (0.77). Data analysis showed a significant correlation between the high estimate of conflict intensity with GAM (.047), and with U5CMR (.043). Internal displacement and food prices had a significant correlation with GAM (P = .048, P = .016), but no significant correlation was noticed with U5CMR. Best estimate of conflict intensity did not show a significant effect on children health variables.

Conclusion

The effect of conflict on children’s health outcome is complex and multifactorial. The high estimate of conflict intensity from UCDP showed significant correlation with the health outcome, while best estimate did not have significant correlation, this could be due to limited child health data, underreporting of conflict-related deaths, and a small sample size. The study suggests that other factors such as food prices and displacement might play an additional factor that increases the effect of conflict intensity on child health outcomes. The study underscores the challenge of data scarcity in researching health determinants in South Sudan.
The value of social networks for men: concurrent and prospective associations with psychological wellbeing
Authors: Mansour Kayla , Greenwood Christopher J , Francis Lauren M , Misuraca Gessica , Marabel-Whitburn Khya , Olsson Craig A , Macdonald Jacqui A
Published: February 2025

Background

There is increased attention on psychological wellbeing as a public health priority. Here, we examine concurrent and prospective associations between social network connections and psychological wellbeing in a community sample of Australian men (n = 528).

Methods

In regressions, using generalised estimating equations (GEEs), we assessed associations between men’s social network connections and psychological wellbeing across five annual timepoints. Social network connections were indicated by time spent with friends, close and extended network size, and activities with friends (physical activity, drinking alcohol, helping with a task, and sharing a meal). Psychological wellbeing was indicated by Ryff’s scales of environmental mastery and purpose in life.

Results

Modelled concurrently, and longitudinally after adjusting for prior psychological wellbeing, time spent with friends and size of close and extended networks were positively associated with environmental mastery and purpose in life. In concurrent analyses, all activities except drinking with friends were positively associated with psychological wellbeing. Activities were not predictive longitudinally. Results did not differ by fatherhood or relationship status.

Conclusions

Given concurrent and future effects of social network connections on men’s wellbeing, public health investment in opportunities that improve men’s social connectedness are recommended.
Nursing students’ attitudes and intentions towards seeking professional psychological help: the mediating role of emotional intelligence
Authors: Alqhtani Samirh Said , Aldhafeeri Nouf Afit , Alotaibi Lina , Alanzi Huda , Alshamrani Wafa , Alqhtani Norah , Selim Abeer
Published: February 2025

Background

It has been proposed that nursing students experience emotional and mental issues due to their educational demands, which influence their academic success. This study aims to explore the relationship between students’ attitudes and intentions toward seeking professional psychological help and focus on exploring a mediating role of emotional intelligence.

Methods

This study used a descriptive correlational design. A convenience sample was used to recruit 514 undergraduate nursing students in the central region of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using self-administered tools from three nursing colleges. Data were analyzed using both descriptive, inferential, and structural equation modeling statistics.

Results

The current study results indicate that university students had moderate positive attitudes, moderate positive intentions toward seeking help for mental health concerns, and a positive level of emotional intelligence. Attitudes toward seeking help and emotional intelligence had a significant positive relationship on professional mental help-seeking intentions. Other factors that predict students’ intention to seek help include the history of consulting a mental health professional and students who were unsure of the availability of the on-campus counseling center (p <.001). Emotional intelligence has a significant mediation effect on the relationship between mental help-seeking intention and mental help-seeking attitudes toward professional psychological help.

Conclusions

Based on the results, students with emotional intelligence and positive attitudes toward seeking mental help were significantly correlated to their intentions of seeking professional mental help. This study proposes the importance of implementing interventional programs to increase nursing students’ intentions to use the university counseling center for optimum mental health and well-being.