bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El cultivo de las virtudes a través de los episodios de aprendizaje situados (EAS)
Authors: Balduzzi Emanuele
Published: July 2015

En este artículo me propongo aportar una serie de observaciones específicas sobre algunas de las potencialidades educativas propias de la metodología didáctica denominada Episodios de Aprendizaje Situados (Situated learning en inglés, episodi di apprendimento situati en Italiano). Éstos pueden definirse como las pequeñas partes de unidad de enseñanza –o microunidades de enseñanza– que aprovechan las potencialidades ofrecidas por el uso de la tablet y el I-pad en la escuela para desarrollar conocimientos, habilidades y competencias de los alumnos. Esta metodología se centra en el aprendizaje, en el actuar comunicativo a través de la Red, en la producción e intercambio de documentos y «objetos culturales». Si bien resultan relevantes las potencialidades educativas que este escenario puede desarrollar, deben ser vivificadas por el aporte de las virtudes y, en particular, la del compartir.
La percepción del alumnado de educación secundaria sobre la transmisión de valores a través de las TIC
Authors: Hernández Prados M.ª Ángeles , López Vicent Patricia , Bautista Ortuño Verónica
Published: July 2015

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito conocer la percepción del alumnado de Educación Secundaria sobre la transmisión de valores en Internet. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva en la que han participado 94 alumnos de 3.º y 4.º de ESO, en ella se han obtenido resultados respecto a la identificación de valores presentes en la Red, sobre los principales agentes de transmisión de valores, así como sobre los aspectos positivos y negativos que proporcionan las TIC para transmitir dichos valores. Además, se ha analizado la frecuencia con la que el alumnado pone en práctica algunos valores a través de las redes telemáticas y las herramientas que utiliza para hacerlo. Entre sus conclusiones destacan, por un lado, la coherencia entre las prácticas habituales en la Red y los valores más frecuentes en estos contextos (creatividad, diálogo y colaboración) y, por otro, el mayor protagonismo de la familia y el grupo de iguales en la transmisión de valores en la Red.
Información y verdad en el uso de las redes sociales por parte de adolescentes
Authors: Caro Samada M.ª Carmen
Published: July 2015

Uno de los retos más importantes que presenta Internet es el de la veracidad de la información en la Red. Aunque la mentira es una posibilidad inherente en la comunicación humana, Internet ha favorecido que cualquiera pueda crear un contenido falso en la Red. Por otra parte, Internet ha propiciado nuevas formas de sociabilidad y de experimentación en los más jóvenes. En este sentido, las redes sociales permiten el juego con los perfiles virtuales e incluso la creación de falsos perfiles. El presente artículo aborda estos dos temas, además de profundizar en los retos que ello presenta desde el punto de vista moral y educativo, especialmente en los más jóvenes.
Una reflexión plural sobre el aprendizaje ético-cívico mediado tecnológicamente
Authors: Ibáñez-Martín José Antonio , Fuentes Juan Luis
Published: July 2015

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Sentido crítico, gran política y democracia mediática
Authors: Ibáñez-Martín José Antonio
Published: July 2015

Un primer acercamiento a la realidad social actual nos ofrece numerosos motivos para la preocupación. El espectáculo de la violencia y de la inmoralidad puede fácilmente asustarnos. Pero más inquietante todavía es comprobar que el horizonte de convivencia, paz y bienestar que Europa había ido desarrollando desde el Tratado de Roma de 1957 se ha comprometido gravemente por la crisis económica. Hoy estamos ante un ataque a la política democrática, que se califica, por parte de la democracia mediática, como un sistema agotado, que exige ser cambiado por una nueva y gran política. El artículo analiza el concepto de gran política, acudiendo principalmente a Nietzsche, y señalando su unión con la gran filosofía y la gran educación. El estudio de los textos de Nietzsche nos lleva a la conclusión de cómo en ellos encontramos con frecuencia un interesante análisis de los problemas y una equivocada propuesta de soluciones. No cabe pensar en sugerir soluciones para todos los problemas planteados, pero sí se exponen diversas propuestas sobre los cambios del quehacer político que razonablemente se defienden desde la sociedad mediática. Como conclusión, se señala que la gran política exige estadistas capaces de defender modos de vida en común que puedan estructurar la convivencia a largo plazo.
Exploración de nuevas vías de construcción mediática de la ciudadanía en la escuela: de «Antígona» a la narrativa transmedia
Authors: Jover Gonzalo , González Martín María del Rosario , Fuentes Juan Luis
Published: July 2015

Los recientes movimientos de participación ciudadana han encontrado en Internet y en las redes sociales virtuales un entorno propicio para su desarrollo, lo que debe suscitar la reflexión pedagógica sobre sus posibilidades en la educación para la ciudadanía. Este artículo presenta las bases teóricas y puesta en práctica piloto de una propuesta de trabajo escolar que permita avanzar hacia un concepto de alfabetización digital que incluya tanto la competencia digital como la competencia cívica. Partiendo de la obra clásica Antígona, concebida como el primer gesto de desobediencia civil, se exploran las categorías de lo público y lo privado, en cuya narración se perciben como ámbitos enfrentados, y se plantea entender la escuela como un espacio que encarne la experiencia de conversación entre estos dos ámbitos. Para ello, el proyecto propone aunar la capacidad provocadora de la literatura clásica y las potencialidades de las narrativas transmedia, de modo que los estudiantes dejen de ser meros consumidores de recursos tecnológicos para convertirse en autores críticos frente a la realidad que les rodea.
Osteoradionecrosis: Case report
Authors: Silva Rosana Ferreira , Ribeiro Zulene Eveline Abreu , Dos Santos Lúcio Murilo , Nascimento Rodrigo Dias , De Moraes Michelli Bianchi , Raldi Fernando Vagner
Published: July 2015

Patients undergoing radiotherapy alone or as part of the treatment of head and neck cancer are likely to develop osteoradionecrosis (ORN). Dental extractions have been inferred as the main triggering factor of ORN, particularly in mandibular molars. The osteoradionecrosis has been reported in up to 20% of irradiated patients undergoing dental extraction and is recognized as the most severe complication of radiotherapy in the mandible, causing great discomfort and loss of quality of life of patients. The risk of ORN development is related to the dose, technique, and volume of irradiated tissue, and other predisposing factors such as: extraction at peri-radiotherapy period, site of extraction, pre-existing periodontal disease, general trauma, poor oral hygiene, nutritional deficiency, alcohol and smoking, and systemic diseases. The cellular injury and hypoxia caused by decreased blood supply reduce the recoverability of soft tissue and bone, predisposing them to necrosis and osteonecrosis, even spontaneous. Clinical management of osteoradionecrosis is complex and depending on the degree of involvement, it may require analgesics and antibiotics in addition to the adoption of surgical procedures, aiming to eliminate pain, control infection, and prevent or reduce the progression of the lesion. This paper aimed to report a case of osteoradionecrosis treated in the multidisciplinary clinic of the Onco Project - ICT/UNESP (São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil). A female patient aged 65 years with osteoradionecrosis and fistula after radiotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma in gingiva was submitted to tooth extraction, antibiotic therapy and local care with good response and flow interruption through the fistula. During the treatment, the carcinoma relapsed and the patient was referred for oncologic treatment.
What is the best protocol for bonding resin-modified glass ionomer cement to composite resin?
Authors: Barcellos Daphne Camara , Petrucelli Nicolas , Gonçalves Sérgio Eduardo de Paiva , Palazon Milena Traversa , Sobue Bianca Mitsue Goulart , Pucci César Rogério
Published: July 2015

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to composite resin considering the use of conventional and self-etching adhesive systems. Material and Methods: 60 RMGIC blocks (Riva, SDI) measuring 4 x 4 x 4 mm. were constructed. On the blocks, the application of different protocols of adhesive systems (n = 10) was carried out: Group 1 (Control) - without application of adhesive agent; Group 2 - 37% phosphoric acid + conventional adhesive agent Single Bond 2; Group 3 - conventional adhesive agent Single Bond 2; Group 4 – conventional adhesive agent Scotch Bond Multi-Purpose; Group 5 - self-etching adhesive Clearfil SE Bond; Group 6: self-etching adhesive Optibond Allin-One. Next, resin composite blocks measuring 4 x 4 x 4 mm were constructed (Venus, Heraeus Kulzer). The specimens were cut to obtain sticks which were submitted to microtensile bond strength test in a universal testing machine. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (5%). Results: ANOVA showed a value of p < 0.05, which indicated significant differences between the groups (in Mpa): Group 2 - 32.83; Group 5 - 31.2; Group 3 - 25,15b; Group 6 - 22.92; Group 4 - 22.15; Group 1 - 13.84. The analysis of fracture mode demonstrated that there was a predominance of adhesive and mixed fractures for all groups. Conclusion: The protocols of acid etching + conventional adhesive system Single Bond 2 (Group 2) or self-etching adhesive system Clearfil SE Bond (Group 5) increased the bond strength of RMGIC to the composite resin. The presence of an adhesive layer between the two materials tended to improve the bonding of RMGIC to composite resin.
Replacement of fractured amalgam restoration in shallow cavities using a new category of adhesive system: case report
Authors: Marcon Laercio Neves , Gonçalves Rafael Simões , Sundfeld Renato Herman , Shinohara Mirela Sanae
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Several failure have been related in amalgam restorations that requiring repair or replacement. Objective: The aim of this case report was to demonstrate a usual clinical condition found in dental office: fractured in amalgam restorations associated with the esthetic patient desire. Case report: Then, seven fractured amalgam restorations replacements, probably due to improper cavity design, were performed in two patients. The replacements were accomplished by three different operators. It was applied a “multi-mode” adhesive system using the selective enamel etching technique and a nanofilled resin composite with good mechanical proprieties and polishing. At the end, satisfactory esthetic results were achieved for all restorations. However, differences among operators were detected, highlighting the importance of professional training and esthetic desire. Conclusion: Thus, it was conclude that the resistance and retention form of amalgam design was the major concern on the failed amalgam restorations in this study. In addition, amalgam restorations must be replaced carefully to avoid damaging the dental remaining, and the resin composite has been selected as a preferred option for amalgam replacement, since it is more conservative and esthetic.
Photographic assessment of hyperdivergent class II patients
Authors: Gomes Liliane Rosas , Horta Karla , Gandini Júnior Luiz Gonzaga , Gonçalves Marcelo , Gonçalves João Roberto
Published: July 2015

Temporomandibular disorders, sleep disturbances by airway obstruction and craniocervical posture changes constitute some of the problems that have been related to hyperdivergent class II patients. Although cephalometric radiographs represent the gold standard for diagnosing craniofacial morphology in clinical practice, it might not be feasible for large-scale epidemiological research. Objective: The aim of this study was to test the validity of a new photographic method in diagnosing hyperdivergent class II patients for epidemiological research purposes. Material and Methods: Lateral cephalograms and profile photographs were obtained from 123 subjects assigned into two groups. 51 patients comprised the hyperdivergent class II group and the other 72 composed a second group. Discriminant analysis described a mathematical model to better diagnose hyperdivergent class II patients through photographs. Results: A canonical discriminant function composed of two photographic variables correctly classified 85% of the hyperdivergent class II patients during internal validation (p < 0.001). The method showed 83% sensitivity and 73% specificity in external validation procedure. Conclusion: The photographic method may be a feasible and practical alternative for diagnosing the hyperdivergent class II patient, particularly if there is a need for a low-cost and noninvasive method.
Influence of different fermentable carbohydrates on dual-species biofilms of S. mutans and A. naeslundii – a pilot study
Authors: Oliveira Rosa Virginia Dutra de , Albuquerque Yasmin Etienne , Spolidorio Denise Madalena Palomari , Koga-Ito Cristiane Yumi , Brighenti Fernanda Lourenção
Published: July 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of presence of different fermentable carbohydrates in the biomass and acidogenicity of biofilm formed by Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 in association with Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 19039. Material and Methods: Single-specie and dual-species biofilms were grown at the bottom of microtiter plates at equal concentration for 24 h at 37 ºC. Carbohydrates were added at 2%: maltose, sucrose, glucose and lactose and as negative control, BHI Broth (0.2% glucose) was used. The pH of each culture was measured to assess acidogenicity after 24 h, immediately after refreshing the culture medium and for the next 30 min, 1 h and 2 h. Crystal violet assay was used as indicator of the total attached biofilm biomass after 24 h incubation and the absorbance was measured at 590 nm. Tukey Multiple Comparison Test was performed for all the statistical analyses. Results: In general, higher amount of biomass was formed by dual-species than single-specie biofilm in the presence of all carbohydrates, except to glucose. In relation to pH, statistically significant differences were observed in S. mutans biofilm only after 24 h, when all carbohydrates showed higher acidogenicity than control group, whereas in dual-species biofilm the highest acidogenicity were found after 24 h for sucrose, lactose, maltose and the control group. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the type of biofilm (single or dual-species) and the carbohydrate used may influence both amount of biomass formed and rate of the pH fall.
Influence of photoinitiators and light sources on the degree of conversion of experimental resin cements.
Authors: Segreto Dario Raimundo , Naufel Fabiana Scarparo , Brandt William Cunha , Guiraldo Ricardo Danil , Correr-Sobrinho Lourenço , Sinhoreti Mario Alexandre Coelho
Published: July 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) of seven experimental resin cements formulated with different photoinitiators when activated by two light-curing units (LCUs) through ceramic material. Material and Methods: Seven resin blends with different camphorquinone (CQ) and/or phenyl propanedione (PPD) rates were prepared: C5: 0.5% wt CQ; C8: 0.8% wt CQ; P5: 0.5% wt PPD; P8: 0.8% wt PPD; C1P4: 0.1% wt CQ and 0.4% wt PPD; C4P1: 0.4% wt CQ and 0.1% wt PPD; and C4P4: 0.4% wt CQ and 0.4% wt PPD. Each mixture was loaded with 65% wt of silanized filler particles. For photoactivation procedures, two LCUs were used: a quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) and a light emitting diode (LED). Results: Irradiance (mW/cm²) was calculated by the ratio of the output power by the area of the tip. DC was assessed by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. Data were submitted to a two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (5%). DC values do not show significant differences for LCUs regardless of the photoinitiator type. The highest DC was found for experimental cement P8 and the lowest for C5. Conclusion: Intermediate DC values were found for the other cements. However, when QTH was used, P8 exhibited differences among C1P4, C4P1 and C5; whereas when LED was employed, P8 differed only for C4P1 and C5. Thus, PPD is a viable alternative for the manufacture of photoactivated cements, and the PPD/CQ association may also be viable since C4P4 was similar to P8.
Toward a Practical, Civic Piety: Mitt Romney, Barack Obama, and the Race for National Priest
Authors: Crosby Richard Benjamin
Published: July 2015

In 2008, two of the leading presidential candidates emerged from controversial, outsider religious groups—Mormonism and the black church tradition. Dogged by ongoing questions from the media, each candidate produced a high-profile public address. In this article, I argue that Mitt Romney’s “Faith in America” and Barack Obama’s “A More Perfect Union” craft competing visions for American civic piety. Drawing on recent literature in the area of practical piety, I read the speeches as evidence that civic piety may be more than a subordinating, pragmatic agreement between church and state. It may instead be read as a spiritually substantive space of cultural identity formation. I further conclude that the 2008 election reveals a contested piety in the midst of transition, and that this transition points in a relatively well-defined direction for American civil-religious culture.
Assessment of extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases from selected tuberculosis units (TUs) of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Bhardwaj Ashok Kumar , Kumar Dinesh , Raina Sunil Kumar , Sharma Sushant , Chander Vishav
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) gained attention for study its local disease epidemiology for disease control.Objective: To study the distribution and determinants of EPTB in randomly selected tuberculosis units (TUs) of Himachal Pradesh. Methodology: Multistage random sampling was used; four districts were selected randomly from total 12 districts of state and then one TU was selected from each selected district. In addition, two medical colleges were also included as a referral point for EPTB cases. Â Results: Total 463 EPTB cases were studied during one-year study period; pleural (41.9%) and Lymph Node (31.3%) was frequently observed involved sites. Among male's pleural effusion (48.2%) was commonly involved site followed by lymph node (23.5%), whereas, lymph node was involved in 40.6% followed by pleural effusion in 34.4% females. Other common sites for EPTB were abdomen (6.0%), bone (5.6%), meninges (5.2%) and pericardium (3.9%) and for both males and females. Mean duration of diagnosis since appearance of symptoms was 40 days; only 10.0% of patients received antibiotics for the average of two weeks before formulating EPTB diagnosis. About 35.0% patients underwent FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology) to establish diagnosis.Conclusion: Invasive diagnostic facilities at peripheral health institutions will help further to better understand EPTB epidemiology.
ESTUDO DE POTENCIAIS INTERAÇÕES MEDICAMENTOSAS EM PACIENTES HIPERTENSOS
Authors: Moutinho Monteiro Sally Cristina , Belfort Ilka Kassandra Pereira , Rodrigues Sousa Wandson , Da Silva Barros Clemilson , Santos de Campos Karla Valéria
Published: July 2015

Hipertensão arterial é uma elevação crônica da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica e é provavelmente a doença crônica mais comum nos dias de hoje. Os portadores desse agravo necessitam de atenção especial, uma vez que muitos fazem uso de associação de medicamentos, aumentando assim o risco de interações medicamentosas. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar potenciais interações medicamentosas com anti-hipertensivos em usuários hipertensos de uma estratégia de saúde da família, em São Luís. MA. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo observacional de corte transversal com 60 hipertensos do Sistema de Cadastramento e Acompanhamento de Hipertensos e Diabéticos (SIS-HIPERDIA), vinculado a uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) de São Luís, MA. A população estudada foi predominantemente do sexo feminino (71,67%), de cor parda (46,66%), com ensino fundamental incompleto (55%) e renda familiar de até meio salário mínimo (65%). Foram observadas 70 potenciais interações medicamentosas, onde destacaram-se as interações moderadas (84,28%). As classes terapêuticas mais frequentemente envolvidas foram os anti-inflamatórios e as associações mais frequentes ocorreram entre ácido acetilsalicílico com losartana e hidroclorotiazida com captopril. Os resultados mostraram alta prevalência de potenciais interações medicamentosas na população estudada, ratificando dados encontrados na literatura. A busca do trabalho colaborativo entre prescritores e farmacêuticos deve ser constante objetivando a intensificação do processo de cuidados em saúde, o compartilhamento de conhecimentos e a integralidade do cuidado.
OCORRÊNCIA DE COMPLICAÇÕES CRÔNICAS E SEUS FATORES DE RISCO EM PACIENTES DIABÉTICOS ATENDIDOS PELO PROGRAMA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA DE MURIAÉ, MG, BRASIL
Authors: Netto Pedro Paulo Pedrosa , Oliveira Marcelo Santos , Oliveira Ana Paula Rodrigues Brasil
Published: July 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a ocorrência de complicações associadas ao diabetes e identificar seus fatores de risco em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus assistidos pelo Programa Saúde da Família de Muriaé-MG. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, transversal no período de fevereiro a junho de 2009 na unidade do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) do bairro São Gotardo no município de Muriaé, MG. A amostra foi constituída por 50 pacientes. As informações de cada participante foram obtidas por meio de um questionário estruturado. As informações sobre a ocorrência de complicações crônicas do diabetes foram obtidas por meio da análise dos prontuários dos pacientes. Foi observado que 23 (46,0%) pacientes não apresentavam complicação da doença, enquanto 27 (54,0%) apresentavam pelo menos uma complicação, sendo as mais frequentes retinopatia, presente em 18 (66,67%) pacientes, doenças cardiovasculares (14, 51,85%) e neuropatia diabética (11, 40,74%). Os fatores de risco mais prevalentes foram sedentarismo (39, 78,0%), obesidade central (7, 74,0%) e HAS (35, 70,0%). Ainda são necessários grandes esforços na atenção primária ao paciente diabético com relação ao tratamento adequado da doença e à adesão de hábitos de vida saudáveis, pois a presença de complicações associadas ao estado de saúde geral dos pacientes diabéticos diminui significativamente a qualidade de vida desta população.
The Use of Formal Knowledge Representation in Operating on Resources Concerning Cast Iron Processing
Authors: Kluska-Nawarecka S. , Wilk-Kołodziejczyk D. , Rojek G. , Regulski K. , Polek G.
Published: July 2015

The problem of materials selection in terms of their mechanical properties during the design of new products is a key issue of design. The complexity of this process is mainly due to a multitude of variants in the previously produced materials and the possibility of their further processing improving the properties. In everyday practice, the problem is solved basing on expert or designer knowledge. The paper is the proposition of a solution using computer-aided analysis of material experimental data, which may be acquired from external data sources. In both cases, taking into account the rapid growth of data, additional tools become increasingly important, mainly those which offer support for adding, viewing, and simple comparison of different experiments. In this paper, the use of formal knowledge representation in the form of an ontology is proposed as a bridge between physical repositories of data in the form of files and user queries, which are usually formulated in natural language. The number and the sophisticated internal structure of attributes or parameters that could be the criteria of the search for the user are an important issue in the traditional data search tools. Ontology, as a formal representation of knowledge, enables taking into account the known relationships between concepts in the field of cast iron, materials used and processing techniques. This allows the user to receive support by searching the results of experiments that relate to a specific material or processing treatment. Automatic presentation of the results which relate to similar materials or similar processing treatments is also possible, which should make the conducted analysis of the selection of materials or processing treatments more comprehensive by including a wider range of possible solutions.
The Production of Plaster Molds with Patternless Process Technology
Authors: Pastirčák R. , Sládek A. , Kucharčíková E.
Published: July 2015

The work deals with technology Patternless process that combines 3 manufacturing process mold by using rapid prototyping technology, conventional sand formation and 3D milling. It's unconventional technology that has been developed to produce large-sized and heavyduty castings weighing up to several tons. It is used mainly in prototype and small batch production, because eliminating production of models. The work deals with the production of blocks for making molds of gypsum and gypsum drying process technology Thermomold. Into blocks, where were made cavities by milling were casted test castings from AlSi10MgMn alloy by gravity casting. At machining of the mold cavity was varied feed rate of tool of cemented carbide. Evaluated was the surface roughness of test castings, that was to 5 micrometers with feed from 900 to 1300 mm/min. The dimensional accuracy of castings was high at feed rate of 1000 and 1500 mm/min did not exceed 0.025 mm.
Prediction of Properties of Microwave- Hardened Sandmixes Containing Water- Glass with Use of Neural Networks
Authors: Stachowicz M. , Pałyga Ł. , Granat K.
Published: July 2015

Presented are results of a research on the possibility of using artificial neural networks for forecasting mechanical and technological parameters of moulding sands containing water-glass, hardened in the innovative microwave heating process. Trial predictions were confronted with experimental results of examining sandmixes prepared on the base of high-silica sand, containing various grades of sodium water-glass and additions of a wetting agent. It was found on the grounds of obtained values of tensile strength and permeability that, with use of artificial neural networks, it is possible complex forecasting mechanical and technological properties of these materials after microwave heating and the obtained data will be used in further research works on application of modern analytic methods for designing production technology of high-quality casting cores and moulds.
Contribution to Deoxidation of Austenitic Steels in a Vacuum Induction Furnace with Carbon
Authors: Šenberger J. , Pernica V.
Published: July 2015

Deoxidation of steel with carbon under reduced pressure is often used for increasing the steel purity. Suitable units for this purpose in foundries are vacuum induction furnaces. Possibilities of increasing the steel purity by deoxidation with carbon in the vacuum induction furnace were studied for the steel for the petrochemistry of specific composition 25Cr/35Ni. The charge composed of the return material only was melted in the air. During melting the charge oxidized and the oxidizing slag formed. Chemical composition of steel, morphology, chemical composition of inclusions in the steel and chemical composition of slag after vacuuming were studied on the basis of samples taken before and after vacuuming. Temperature and oxygen activity were measured before and after vacuuming. Globular inclusions with dominant content of silicon and manganese were observed in steel before and after vacuuming. Contents of total oxygen in steel didn’t change significantly during vacuuming. On the basis of composition of inclusions and measured oxygen activity the activity of Cr2O3 in inclusions was calculated. A slag sample was taken after vacuuming and equilibrium oxygen activity in steel with regard to the Cr2O3 content in the slag was estimated from the slag composition. Equilibrium oxygen activity in relation to the Cr2O3 content in the slag was higher than equilibrium activity measured in the steel. For this reason it is not possible, under the studied conditions, to decrease oxygen content in steel during vacuuming.
Development of element technologies for EUVL
Authors: Kinoshita Hiroo , Watanabe Takeo , Harada Tetsuo
Published: July 2015

Thirty years have passed since the first report on extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) was presented at the annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Applied Physics in 1986. This technology is now in the manufacturing development stage. The high-volume manufacturing of dynamic-random-access-memory (DRAM) chips with a line width of 15 nm is expected in 2016. However, there are critical development issues that remain: generating a stand-alone EUV source with a higher power and producing a mask inspection tool for obtaining zero-defect masks. The Center for EUVL at the University of Hyogo was established in 2010. At present, it utilizes various types of equipment, such as an EUV mask defect inspection tool, an interference-lithography system, a device for measuring the thickness of carbon contamination film deposited by resist outgassing, and reflectivity measurement systems.
Oenothera Albipercurva – Evening-Primrose Species New To The Flora Of Lithuania
Authors: Woźniak-Chodacka Monika
Published: July 2015

Oenothera albipercurva Hudziok was reported for the first time in the Lithuanian flora. It is tenth Oenothera species noted in Lithuania. It was found in the association Cladonio-Pinetum nearby Merkinė town in the southern part of the country in 2005. According to the early stage of development (June), fully-flowering plants were very sparse. Oenothera albipercurva is of hybridogenous origin (O. biennis L. × O. ammophila Focke), discovered and reported by Renner in 1937 from Germany, currently distributed in Central and Eastern Europe. It resembles O. ammophila by its narrow leaves and divergent sepal tips, but can be easily distinguished mainly by its clearly larger flowers (petal length 15–26 mm instead of 12–18 mm) and red papillae on the underside of leaves. Some examples of significant mistakes found in the descriptions of this species in literature and main diagnostic characters are given.
Review Of Drosera Intermedia Herbarium Specimens And New Data On Its Distribution And Ecology In Lithuania
Authors: Sprainaitytė Sigita
Published: July 2015

Drosera intermedia Hayne is one of four species of the genus Drosera in Lithuania. It has the status of an endangered species, however, relatively little is known about its abundance, population size and habitat preference. Seven localities of the species have been indicated in Lithuania till now. Evidence of herbaria is known from four localities. Revision of herbarium specimens revealed the fact that only one sample consisting of six plants was proved to be Drosera intermedia. It was collected in Kamanos raised bog. Distribution of D. intermedia based on recent findings includes two localities in the northern and the eastern parts of Lithuania.

Detailed investigations of D. intermedia habitat preference and population size were pursued in the Kamanos State Strict Nature Reserve (Akmenė distr.) in 2013–2014 in five sample plots situated in the Rhynchosporion albae W.Koch 1926 community. The highest density of D. intermedia plants was recorded on bare peat in the mosaic microhabitats of Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl and Sphagnum spp. Microhabitats with Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm. were more favourable than that of Sphagnum magellanicum. There were counted 376 (2013) and 322 (2014) individuals in three sample plots. Next year, 83 plants were appended in two additional plots. Vegetative individuals were more abundant in less favourable areas, while up to 30% of the flowering plants were registered in the depressions of bare peat and Rhynchospora alba mosaic.
New And Noteworthy Lichens To Belarus
Authors: Yatsyna Alexander , Motiejūnaitė Jurga
Published: July 2015

Records of 20 species of lichens from Belarus are presented. Of these, 12 species (Bacidina egenula, Dimelaena oreina, Jamesiella anastomosans, Psilolechia clavulifera, Rhizocarpon lecanorinum, Rinodina bischoffii, Steinia geophana, Thelidium zwackhii, Thelocarpon intermediellum, Trapeliopsis pseudogranulosa, Vezdaea aestivalis and V. leprosa) are new to Belarus. Biatora ocelliformis and Dermatocarpon miniatum were known only from literature data in the country. New localities for little known in Belarus species such as Cliostomum corrugatum, Cyphelium tigillare, Fellhanera subtilis, Scytinium lichenoides, Schismatomma pericleum and Umbilicaria deusta are provided. Two of these (Scytinium lichenoides and Umbilicaria deusta) are included in the Red Data Book of Belarus. The records are briefly discussed.
Contribution To The Lichen Flora Of South East Greenland. II. The Tugtilik Area
Authors: Hansen Eric Steen
Published: July 2015

The paper lists 69 lichen taxa from the Tugtilik area, South East Greenland. Of these, 48 lichens were recorded for the first time from the area. Peltigera extenuata is new to Greenland, and Acarospora fuscata is new to East Greenland. Seven lichen taxa are new to South East Greenland, viz. Acarospora rhizobola, Amygdalaria panaeola, Collema undulatum var. granulosum, Hymenelia arctica, Ionaspis lacustris, Megaspora verrucosa and Parmeliella triptophylla.
Agastache Rugosa (Lamiaceae), A New Casual Alien In The Flora Of Poland
Authors: Pliszko Artur
Published: July 2015

In September 2014, the casual occurrence of Agastache rugosa in Poland was confirmed. It was found on a ground heap between fallow and arable fields in Łbiska near Zalesie Górne in the community of Piaseczno, the Masovian Voivodeship (coordinates: 52°1′33.06″ N, 21°0′27.72″ E; the ATPOL cartogram unit: ED46). This rare species of Asian origin is cultivated in bee-plant gardens of some beekeepers in Poland. The map of distribution and mode of introduction with garden waste from horticultural farms were presented.
Determination of the Super-Elliptic Shape of Tire-Soil Contact Area Using Image Processing Method
Authors: Teimourlou R. Farrokhi , Taghavifar H.
Published: July 2015

The present study is aimed at determination of the super-elliptic shape of tire-soil contact area using image processing method. Contact area has a substantial role on determination of soil compaction and tractive parameters of agricultural tractors. A very well-known model in this realm is to describe the contact area with superellipse geometry. A soil bin testing facility equipped with a single-wheel tester was utilized to conduct the needed experiments. The experiments were carried out at three levels of wheel load, three levels of tire inflation pressure with three replicates in a completely randomized block design. Corresponding images were taken for each of the experiments and the images were processed accordingly. The contact length and width were determined using imdistline command in MATLAB commercial software. This experiment was conducted at three levels of wheel load (2, 3, and 4 kN), and three levels of tire inflation pressure (100, 200, and 300 kPa) with three replications. The aforementioned parameters were applied consequently in the superellipse model and the contact area was computed. The obtained results disclosed that increase of wheel load increases the contact area. Contradictory, increment of tire inflation pressure reduces the formed contact area. Additionally, the potential of contact area determination with the proposed model was compared with that of actual values, which denoted coefficient of determination equal to 0.96, which shows the promising ability of the proposed model and the appropriateness of describing contact area with superellipse geometry
Evaluation of Physiological Traits, Yield and Yield Components at Two Growth Stages in 10 Durum Wheat Lines Grown under Rainfed Conditions in Southern Syria
Authors: Almeselmani M. , Saud A. Al-Rzak , Al-Zubi K. , Al-Ghazali S. , Hareri F. , Al-Nassan M. , Ammar M.A. , Kanbar O.Z. , Al-Naseef H. , Al-Nator A. , Al-Gazawy A. , Da Silva J.A. Teixeira
Published: July 2015

Water stress, which limits the distribution and productivity of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) in the Mediterranean region, is also considered to be a major factor reducing yield in semiarid regions. Improving drought resistance is thus an important objective in plant breeding programs for rainfed agriculture. The current study was carried out to identify drought-tolerant durum wheat lines among 10 lines and one variety (Douma1, the control) in the first and second settlement zones in the Southern part of Syria and to recognize the most important physiological parameters associated with drought tolerance. Membrane stability index, chlorophyll (chl) content, relative water content and chl fluorescence were recorded at the vegetative and anthesis stages, as were yield and yield components. Data recorded at vegetative and anthesis stages in both zones showed that there were significant differences between all lines growing in the first and second settlement zones and that all characters in the second zone were significantly lower than those in the first zone. Line 1 was superior to Douma1 in terms of membrane stability index, relative water content, chl content and chl florescence, also showing better yield and higher total plant biomass, tiller number/m2, 1000 grain weight and grain number/ear than the control. The ability of wheat cultivars to perform reasonably well in variable rainfall and water-stressed environments is an important trait since it allows for stable production under drought stress. Moreover, prior to genetic manipulation, it is important to characterize the physiological parameters of known drought-tolerant or drought-sensitive wheat cultivars with the objective of better understanding their physiological responses under drought
Efficacy of Insecticides Against Citrus Psylla (Diaphorina Citri Kuwayama) in Field and Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Qasim M. , Hussian D.
Published: July 2015

The experiments were conducted in a citrus orchard to check the efficacy of insecticides against citrus psylla, and mortality was observed after three days, seven days and then after one month. Four insecticides, Polytrin-C, Talstar, Bifenthrin and Imidacloprid applied, had an almost equal effect on the population reduction of citrus psylla on all citrus plants. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) having five treatments with three replications in a citrus orchard, after three days of spray showed percentage control as 96.91%, 94.33%, 93.83% and 93.06% of following insecticides Polytrin- C, Imidacloprid, Bifenthrin and Actara, respectively, calculated by Minitab 15. Psylla adults were exposed to different concentrations (500, 400, 300, 200 and 100 ppm) of Imidacloprid and Bifenthrin, and two controlled conditions (with leaves and without leaves). Both Imidacloprid and Bifenthrin insecticides proved to be the most effective against D. citri with lethal times (LT50s) of 4 and 5 hours, respectively, at a concentration of 500 ppm, calculated from probability test with Minitab-15
Potential Honey Bee Plants of Egypt
Authors: Abou-Shaara H.F.
Published: July 2015

There are various plants with potential feeding importance to honey bee, Apis mellifera, colonies as source of pollen, nectar or both. Selection of suitable regions for apiaries mainly depends on the availability of honey bee plants in the apiary region. Identifying honey bee plants in specific region is very essential for honey and pollen production from honey bee colonies. Lacking the information about the beneficial plants for honey bees including; plant name, flowering time and potential benefit to honey bee colonies could be considered as a limitation for beekeeping development. So far honey bee plants are not well studied in Egypt. This review paper presents potential honey bee plants in Egypt using the available publications. The studies on honey bee plants in Egypt were also reviewed. This work can be considered as a guide for beekeepers and researchers. Moreover, the presented plants here can be used in comparing honey bee plants of Egypt with other countries to get a better understanding of honey bee flora. More detailed investigations on honey bee plants are strongly required to be done at all Egyptian Governorates
Performance Assessment in Business of Agricultural Companies using Balanced Scorecard Model
Authors: Brezuleanu S. , Brezuleanu Carmen Olguţa , Brad I. , Iancu T. , Ciani A.
Published: July 2015

The performance management is a strategic and integrated approach for long-time success of the activity of agricultural companies, by improving the performance of the organization, teams and individuals. In search of success, the performance management uses a variety of models, techniques and methods, some taken from other systems and improved and others of its own, focusing on strategy and differentiating features that provide a strong competitive advantage. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) model identifies several dimensions of the organization, representing areas where organizations need to achieve results at department, team or individual level. According to the type of the agricultural company, there can be esential financial aspect, customers, internal processes, knowledge and learning, service quality, market share etc. The company under study, S.C. Agrocomplex Lunca Paşcani S.A., is representative in terms of ownership, farm and profile of the agricultural production in Moldavia region. According to the methodology developed, starting from the strategy of S.C. Agrocomplex Lunca Paşcani S.A. we identified the strategic objectives for each situation and the level of reaching the objectives using several indicators. In the second stage of the BSC analysis, the indicators are defined according to the management priorities of S.C. Agrocomplex Lunca Paşcani S.A. in four categories, corresponding to the four dimensions of the classical model: customer perspective, perspective of processes within the company, employee perspective and financial perspective
Kinetic properties of aryldialkylphosphatase immobilised on chitosan myristic acid nanogel
Authors: Mesbah Namini Seyede Maryam , Mohsenifar Afshin , Karami Rezvan , Rahmani-Cherati Tavoos , Shojaei Taha Roodbar , Tabatabaei Meisam
Published: July 2015

Organophosphorus (OP) compounds are extensively used in agricultural practice for pest management. However, their residues have a long half-life in the ecosystem as well as in the agro-products, posing a serious threat to human and animal health. Aryldialkylphosphatase (EC 3.1.8.1) is widely used in detoxification procedures. In the present study, aryldialkylphosphatase was immobilised on synthesised cross-linked nano-sized gel particles, also known as nanogels, in order to enhance the enzyme’s physicochemical properties. Accordingly, a new nanogel consisting of chitosan and myristic acid (CMA nanogel) was synthesised and characterised by way of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The aryldialkylphosphatase-CMA nanogel conjugate was then assayed by FTIR, and its physicochemical characteristics were also investigated. The data obtained from SEM and TEM showed the nanogels to be homogenous spherical particles less than 50 nm in diameter. The proper formation of the nanogel and nanobioconjugate was also confirmed by FTIR spectra. In comparison with the free enzyme, the pH and thermal stability of the aryldialkylphosphatase were enhanced by the covalent immobilisation. Moreover, the immobilised enzyme could maintain approximately half of its activity over more than one month. The kinetic parameters of the aryldialkylphosphatase- CMA nanogel conjugate were also shown to undergo remarkable improvements, hence the synthesised CMA-nanogel could act as a promising support for aryldialkylphosphatase immobilisation. It is suggested that the aryldialkylphosphatase-CMA nanogel could be used for detoxifying paraoxon; a nerve agent. Further clinical experiments are underway.
The extended Bloch group
and algebraic K-theory
Authors: Zickert Christian K.
Published: July 2015

We define an extended Bloch group for an arbitrary field
F, and show that this group is naturally isomorphic to

K
3
ind

(
F
)

$K_3^{\operatorname{ind}}(F)$

if F is a number field.
This gives an explicit description of

K
3
ind

(
F
)

$K_3^{\operatorname{ind}}(F)$

in terms of generators and relations. We give a concrete formula for the regulator, and derive concrete symbol expressions generating the torsion. As an application, we show that a hyperbolic 3-manifold with finite volume and invariant trace field k has a fundamental class

[
M
]

$[M]$

in

K
3
ind

(
k
)

⊗
ℤ

[

1
2

]

$K_3^{\operatorname{ind}}(k)\otimes \mathbb {Z}[\frac{1}{2}]$

. If M is closed,

2
[
M
]

$2[M]$

is well defined in

K
3
ind

(
k
)

$K_3^{\operatorname{ind}}(k)$

, and if M has cusps,

8
[
M
]

$8[M]$

is well defined in

K
3
ind

(
k
)

$K_3^{\operatorname{ind}}(k)$

.
Public transportation accessibility in the Katowice conurbation, Poland
Authors: Soczówka Andrzej
Published: July 2015

The article is devoted to the issue of accessibility of public transportation in the area of the Katowice conurbation. The scope of the research was local mass transit, that is tram, trolleybus and bus transportation. The research area, was established on the basis of the shape created by the transport network, and included 48 communities located in the central part of the Silesian voivodeship. In its model depiction, public transportation accessibility was treated as one of three interconnecting aspects, along with the infrastructural development and the offer level. In research on spatial accessibility, the method of model equidistances that replace the isochrones of distance to a stop was applied. The best accessibility to this service was observed in Siemianowice Śląskie, while the worst was in the community of Wielowieś. The research results have revealed significant discrepancies between public transportation accessibility itself, and the level offered. Research on the time of transit to the centre was performed with the use of an indicator constructed with the help of the point and rank method and this showed that the best accessibility to the centre was observed in Chorzów. The research on the time of transit between community centres was performed for all the communities with the use of direct connections and transfers. The shortest average time of transit was characteristic for Katowice, whereas the longest was in the community of Pilchowice. The research on transportation connections of public transportation completed the picture of accessibility. A measure of these connections was established as an average total number of inter-community connections for all days of the week. Katowice was characteristic of the best spatially developed network of connections whereas the most developed connections were observed between Katowice and Chorzów. The comparison of public transportation accessibility in the system of communities was performed with the quality classification method, on the basis of four previously characterized meters. According to the synthetic indicator, the best accessibility was in Katowice and the worst in the rural community of Bobrowniki. The results of the conducted research have confirmed the presence of dependence between accessibility and population density – the higher the population, the better the accessibility. They also indicate that in the research on accessibility, the role of time is not to be neglected – the research area being an example, where despite the transportation network covering a territory of almost 3 thousand km2, the real possibilities for moving are much lower due to the time of transit.