bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NCBI submission protocol for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater data: SRA, BioSample, and BioProject v1
Authors: Timme Ruth , Balkey Maria
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE: This method was developed at the FDA’s Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition for GenomeTrakr’s pandemic response project, monitoring SARS-CoV-2 variants in wastewater. Protocols developed for this project cover wastewater collection, concentration, RNA extraction, RT-qPCR, library prep, genome sequencing, quality control checks, and data submission to NCBI. This protocol covers the last step of making your data public at NCBI. Specifically, it provides the steps to establish a new NCBI submission environment for your laboratory, including the creation of new BioProject(s) and submission groups. Once these are step up, the protocol then walks through the process for submitting raw reads to SRA and sample metadata to BioSample through the Submission portal. For new submitters, there's quite a bit of groundwork that needs to be established before a laboratory can start its first data submission. We recommend that one person in the laboratory take a few days to get everything set up in advance of when you expect to do your first data submission. If you need a pipeline for frequent or large volume submissions, follow Step 1 in this protocol to get your NCBI submission environment established, then contact gb-admin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov to set up an account for submitting through the API.
Sepiolite - Chitosan Biocompatible Foams v1
Authors: not provided celiamm
Published: November 2021

The foams are biohybrid, resistant, biocompatible, biodegradable materials that allow cyanobacteria to survive inside them and produce the desired biofuel. It is a macroporous material with high porosity. Its synthesis is relatively simple, and can be classified into three main steps: formation of the chitosan and sepiolite solutions, freeze-drying them and finally the introduction of the cells inside. This will result in a material with many possibilities, which, despite having some disadvantages such as its low resistance to liquids after synthesis, could be a good option by applying different modifications to suit the needs of the cells.
Co‐Design and the Collective Creativity Processes in Care Systems and Places
Authors: Campagnaro Cristian , Di Prima Nicolò , Ceraolo Sara
Published: November 2021

This article examines the topic of participatory design processes (co‐design, co‐creativity, co‐creation, and co‐production) as tools to promote models of inclusion that benefit people experiencing marginality, and as means to solicit the public dimension of the spaces in which they live and where they have access to their health and welfare services. The topic is addressed through four case studies drawn from the experience of participatory action research aiming at social inclusion and cohesion through an approach based on design anthropology. Following Jones and VanPatter’s (2009) four design domains (DD), the projects discussed in this article are the following: participatory design of devices for people with multiple sclerosis (DD 1.0); participatory renovation of shelters for homeless people (DD 2.0); design and craft led lab aiming at social inclusion (DD 3.0); and innovation of public services for a city homeless population (DD 4.0). All these projects are driven by stakeholders’ demands for a transformation that improves the quality of users’ lives, the quality of caring services, and that they modify, temporarily or permanently, the venues where they take place. In order to support and facilitate this “desire for change,” the projects are based on wide participation and collaboration between many different stakeholders in every phase of their design processes. Methods, tools, and results will be analysed from the points of view of both users (beneficiaries and social operators/caregivers) and designers. Furthermore, the interaction between spaces, co‐design processes, and attendees will be investigated to determine how they contribute to turning those venues into citizenship environments, permeated with greater care and attention.
Meanings of Interdisciplinarity Attributed by Mathematics Teachers’ Educators and Teachers of the Municipal Schools of São Paulo
Authors: Silva Wanusa Rodrigues da , Comelli Felipe Augusto Mesquita , Manrique Ana Lúcia
Published: November 2021

Background: within the scope of public educational policies, the research focuses on the recontextualisation of the principle of interdisciplinarity of the Programa Mais Educação São Paulo (More Education Programme) for mathematics teachers’ pedagogical practices. Objective: to discuss the meanings attributed to interdisciplinarity by mathematics teachers’ educators and teachers. Design: we used Basil Bernstein’s curriculum theories and the theory of the pedagogic device, exploring the concepts of pedagogical recontextualisation and pedagogical practice. We conducted qualitative research of a deductive-interpretative nature. Settings and Participants: the subjects are mathematics teachers’ educators involved in implementing the programme and mathematics teachers working in the Interdisciplinary Cycle in the municipality of São Paulo. Data collection and analysis: we used semi-structured interviews, as they allow the production of singular meanings of the subjects’ perspectives on the process of recontextualisation of the principle of interdisciplinarity. Data analysis was performed by theme/category-based content analysis. Results: as the discourse of interdisciplinarity is moved to pedagogical practice, educators and teachers reveal conceptual and methodological gaps to carry out interdisciplinary work in schools. When working from an interdisciplinary perspective, they opt for integrative projects, which has already been carried out through the methodology of the generating themes. Conclusions: we clarify the need to invest in an interdisciplinary teacher education model to change the logic of a fragmented school disconnected from contemporary issues. We argue that in this globalised world we live in, permeated by complex issues, we can no longer be restricted by the boundaries of an area of knowledge.
The analysis of statistical graphs constructed by primary school teachers
Authors: Martins Maria Maria Pereira , Carvalho Carolina Fernandes de , Monteiro Carlos Eduardo Ferreira
Published: November 2021

Background: Statistical graphs are widely used in society and are important in presenting data related to different topics. Statistics education aims improve the teaching and learning of statistics, which include the approaches to statistics graphs. Objectives: This article analyses the construction of statistical graphs by in-service teachers and their reasons for choosing these graphs. Design: It was conducted an empirical study from a qualitative perspective which investigated teachers’ choices and constructions of statistical graphs. Setting and Participants: The participants were 22 primary school teachers from public schools located in Recife Metropolitan Area, Brazil. They expressed their intention to be interviewed when they responded to a questionnaire applied among a larger number of teachers. Data collection and analysis: The interviews were composed of two tasks comprised of statistical data in which participants had to choose a type of graph, justify the choice, and construct a graph of a chosen type. It was carried out a content analysis of speech protocols. Results: The reasons for participants’ choices seemed to be related to their familiarity with the type of graph, and they constructed graphs with high levels of complexity. Conclusions: The results of this study emphasised the importance of primary school teachers developing specific knowledge about graphs through pre-service and in-service elementary school teacher education. The results from this research study offer new questions concerning the construction and the choice for statistical graphs, which include the influence of new technologies and the use of textbooks.
Intensification of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Mamedli Z. Z. , Polynovskiy A. V. , Kuzmichev D. V. , Tkachev S. I. , Aniskin A. A.
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study: to increase the frequency of achieving pathologic complete response and increase disease-free survival in the investigational group of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer T3(MRF+)–4N0–2M0 by developing a new strategy for neoadjuvant therapy.Materials and methods. In total, 414 patients were assigned to treatment. Control group I included 89 patients who underwent radiotherapy (RT) 52–56 Gy/26–28 fractions with concurrent capecitabine twice daily 5 days per week. Control group II included 160 patients who underwent RT 52–56 Gy/26–28 fractions with concurrent capecitabine twice daily 5 days per week and oxaliplatin once a week, during the course of RT. Study group III consisted of 165 patients. This group combined RT 52–56 Gy/26–28 fractions with concurrent capecitabine twice daily 5 days per week and additional consecutive CapOx cycles. This group was divided into 2 subgroups: subgroup IIIa included 106 patients with consolidating chemotherapy (after CRT); subgroup IIIb included 59 patients who underwent “sandwich” treatment. Therapy consisted of conducting from 1 to 2 cycles of induction CapOx (up to CRT) and from 1 to 2 cycles of consolidating CapOx with an interval of 7 days. In the interval between the courses of drug therapy, RT 52–56 Gy/26–28 fractions was performed. According to the results of the control examination, further treatment tactics were determined. The primary end points were 5-year disease-free survival and the achievement of a pathologic complete response.Results. Pathologic complete response was significantly more often recorded in patients in the investigational group III (17.48 %; p = 0.021) compared with control groups (7.95 % in the I group and 8.28 % in the II group). 5-year disease-free survival in patients in the study groups was: 71.5 % in the III group, 65.6 % in the II group and 56.9 % in the I group.Conclusion. The shift in emphasis on strengthening the neoadjuvant effect on the tumor and improving approaches to drug therapy regimens have significantly improved disease-free survival of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
Spectral index in the radio continuum 140 MHz – 1.4 GHz emission for compact star-forming galaxies
Authors: Parnovsky S. , Izotova I.
Published: November 2021

The sample of compact star-forming galaxies (CSFGs) has been identified with sources in the catalogues of radio sources. It includes only galaxies with active star formation without objects with spectral signs of active galactic nuclei. For CSFGs with known flux densities in radiocontinuum at frequencies of 1.4 GHz from the FIRST or the NVSS and in the range of 120–168 MHz from the LOFAR, as well as in hydrogen emission lines from the SDSS, the spectral index and the spectral index of non-thermal emission component for these frequencies have been estimated. Note that obtaining the spectral index of nonthermal emission component is a much more difficult task than determining the spectral index of total emission. It is shown that the approximation by the model dependence using the least squares method can lead to unreliable estimates of the fraction of thermal (free-free) emission. Therefore, the flux densities of the thermal component are derived from the extinction- and aperture corrected fluxes of the Hα emission line. This method of estimation without using a fitting is more reliable. It is shown that the fact that derived spectra in radio range are quite flat is due, in particular, to the influence of selection effects caused by limited sensitivity of radio telescopes. For the same reason, only galaxies with a small fraction of thermal emission were included in the sample. Therefore, the spectral index is not much different from the spectral index of non-thermal emission.
PROSPECTIVE APPROACHES TO ASSESSING FOREIGN ECONOMIC OPERATIONS OF COMPANIES THROUGH THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Karaseva O. V.
Published: November 2021

The article discusses some aspects of interaction between companies engaged in foreign economic operations and customs authorities. In particular, the main attention is paid to the development of digitalization processes of interaction between participants in foreign economic activity and customs authorities through the introduction of self-verification systems for the company's foreign economic operations and customs monitoring. The article has developed an automated model for assessing the company's foreign economic activity, and also investigated the main aspects of the institution of customs monitoring. Particular attention is paid to the use of the customs monitoring system as a tool for automating control over the activities of authorized economic operators.
Use of magnetic resonance imaging features as radiomic markers in pre-operative evaluation of extra-axial tumor grade
Authors: Bergen Tatyana A. , Soynov Ilya A. , Pustovetova Mariya G.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Extra-axial tumors are one of the tumor groups with difficult primary differential diagnostics. Detection and standardization of radiomic markers are one of the main problems of our time.
AIM: To detect radiomic markers for preoperative assessment of extra-axial tumor grade.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study retrospective analyzed the magnetic resonance imaging (1.5 T) data of 156 patients with extra-axial tumors. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (n=106) with perifocal changes and Group 2 (n=50) with extra-axial tumors without perifocal changes. Diffusion and perfusion sequences were included in the scanning protocol. The areas of interest include (1) the lesion and (2) the area of perifocal changes. Measurements were made from the lesion and the area of perifocal changes on ACD and DSС maps, DCE was analyzed.
RESULTS: The maximum lesion size in Group 1 was 2.2 cm (1.4; 4.3), whereas in 1.2 cm in Group 2 (0.9; 3.5). In Group 1, the diffusion restriction from the lesion was detected in 42 patients (39.6%), whereas 7 (14%) in Group 2. The maximum size of perifocal changes in Group 1 was 2.85 cm (1.5; 4.7). Diffusion restriction was detected in 52 (49.1%) cases. In Group 1, patients with verified meningioma multivariable linear regression analysis showed 3.3-times increase of rCBF of the maximum size of the lesion from the area of perifocal changes (coef. 3.3, CI: 1.27; 5.28), p=0.003; however, it demonstrated a 4-time decrease of rCBF (coef. 4 CI: -7.46; -0.71), p=0.02.
CONCLUSIONS: Perfusion and diffusion methods combined with anatomical sequences show potential use as radiomic markers for diagnostic assessment and treatment of extra-axial tumors. Further detection of radiomic functional markers from the area of perifocal changes has potential.
General and particular problems of ecological reproduction
Authors: Ailamazyan E. K. , Beljaeva T. V.
Published: November 2021

The position of the unity of the human body and the environment was obvious already in the "pre-scientific" antique period, when a holistic, harmonious perception of the world prevailed. In the future, in full accordance with the evolution of human knowledge and the predominance of the elementary approach to the study of biological phenomena (primarily, the dominance of morphological and functional analysis of cells, organs and tissues of the body) and individual environmental factors (physical, chemical, mechanical, biological, social), the principle of unity organism and environment for a long time left the field of vision of researchers.
Risk factors of genital-urinary infection in women
Authors: Grinenko G. V. , Shalepo K. V. , Savitcheva А. M. , Ailamazyan Е. K. , Chipitsyna Е. V. , Domeika M.
Published: November 2021

The article represents the data of screening carried out on 905 women attended the outpatient departments of gynecologic clinics of Saint Petersburg and Leningrad region.

Infectious diseases of genital-urinary system were diagnosed in 65.5% of the women, 53.5% having asymptomatic course, which must be important in epidemiological respect. Risk factors and characteristic symptoms of the diseases were taken into account while analyzing the questionnaires. The valuable risk factors were young age, early debut of sexual intercourse and occasional sexual contacts, the history of STI as well as the pregnancy.
Pregnancy-associated papp-a / prombp protein complex. Physicochemical properties, molecular structure and physiological role
Authors: Khokhlov P. P. , Selkov S. A.
Published: November 2021

Presented review is a accumulation of published data concerning discovery and investigations of pregnancyassociated protein complex PAPP-A/proMBR. Pregnancy-associated protein complex PAPP-A/proMBR belongs to pregnancy- associated protein sensu stricto but not to pregnancy specific. It is produced mainly into maternal blood circulation in the course of gestation. Certain experimental investigations suggested circulated complex PAPP-A/pro MBR to have a double origin: trophblastic and endometrial one. Nowadays molecular structure of monomers and subunits and amino-acid sequence is almost fully investigated. In spite of plentful information concerting structure and chemical properties the mechanisms of interaction with maternal immune system is not clear. Digest of available data suggested РАРР-А/ proMBR to play a rile in immunomodulation during pregnancy.
El principìo de publicidad registral y sus manifestaciones: especial atención a su dimensión formal y a la incidencia de los derechos fundamentales en su configuración
Authors: Ortiz Fernández Manuel
Published: November 2021

El Registro de la Propiedad es un organismo público en el que se inscriben los actos y contratos relativos al dominio y demás derechos reales sobre bienes inmuebles. Su función principal es ofrecer seguridad jurídica al tráfico inmobiliario y viene expresada en las dos manifestaciones del principio de publicidad registral, a saber, la vertiente material y la vertiente formal. No obstante, las normas reguladoras del ámbito registral han de ser interpretadas desde una perspectiva constitucional, ya que algunas medidas aprobadas a su amparo pueden suponer una conculcación de ciertos derechos fundamentales. En particular, este aspecto puede producirse cuando nos referimos a la dimensión formal del Registro y a algunos de los derechos previstos en el art. 18 de la Constitución española: el honor, la intimidad y la protección de datos.
Derecho fundamental a la propiedad intelectual en el art. 17.2 CDFUE y remuneración de los artistas musicales
Authors: Rubí Puig Antoni
Published: November 2021

La sentencia dictada por el Tribunal de Justicia el 8 de septiembre de 2020 en el asunto RAAP c. PPI resuelve, entre otros aspectos, que una eventual regulación que limitara el derecho de algunos artistas o productores a recibir una remunera- ción equitativa por el uso de sus fonogramas deberá respetar el derecho fundamental de propiedad intelectual reconocido en el art. 17.2 CDFUE. Este trabajo tiene por objeto presentar el entendimiento de este derecho fundamental, examinar las salvaguardas de su protección y discutir cómo estas pueden afectar a las capacidades normativas del legislador europeo en el ámbito de los derechos de autor y afines y, en especial, para regular la remuneración equitativa y única compartida por artistas y productores de fonogramas.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut pada Lansia dengan Promosi Kesehatan Metode Demonstrasi
Authors: Sari Morita , Permata Putri Nendia Intan
Published: November 2021

Penyakit mulut menyebabkan gangguan rasa sakit, fungsi menelan, makan, mencicipi, tersenyum dan komunikasi. Penyakit ini merupakan masalah utama masyarakat, khususnya di kalangan orang miskin, orang yang tinggal di pinggiran, dan lansia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas promosi kesehatan dengan metode demonstrasi terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan perilaku kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada lansia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pre-eksperimental dengan teknik total sampling. Pengukuran pengetahuan menggunakan kuisioner dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan perlakuan yaitu demonstrasi cara melakukan sikat gigi yang baik dan benar. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 45 subjek di ambil dari Panti Wredha, Dharma Bakti, Surakarta. Hasil penelitian dengan uji paired t-test menunjukkan perbedaan antara sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan dengan signifikansi p0.05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa promosi kesehatan metode demonstrasi terbukti efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan lansia terhadap perilaku kesehatan gigi dan mulut.
Hubungan Status Obesitas Sentral dengan Pengalaman Karies (Indeks DMFT) pada Individu Dewasa Muda
Authors: Rahmawan Dzanuar , Irawan Rudi , Muga Ige Frameski Radila , Septommy Catur
Published: November 2021

Karies dan obesitas merupakan permasalahan yang sering dihadapi pada bidang kesehatan masyarakat terutama pada individu dewasa muda dan prevalensi kondisi tersebut terus meningkat di seluruh dunia. Status obesitas sentral telah dilaporkan memiliki korelasi dengan pengalaman karies, hal tersebut belum bayak dipelajari di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara pengalaman karies dan status obesitas sentral pada mahasiswa dengan kondisi sehat usia 18-22 tahun. Penelitian cross-sectional ini dilakukan di Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata Kediri dengan jumlah sampel 120. Pengalaman karies dinilai dengan indeks decayed missing filled teeth index (DMFT) dan status obesitas sentral dinilai dengan waist hip ratio (WHR) yang merupakan rasio dari lingkar pinggang (waist circumference) dan lingkar pangggul (hip circumference). Data dianalisa menggunakan SPSS 17 dengan tingkat signifikansi p0,05. Terdapat korelasi antara WHR dan waist circumference (WC) dengan indeks DMFT (p=0,028, r= 0,201; p=0,025, r=0,204). Pada pemerikasaan indeks DMFT didapatkan persentase individu dengan pengalaman karies kategori sangat rendah 14,2% (n=17), kategori rendah 17,5% (n=21) kategori sedang 23,3% (n=28), kategori tinggi 29,1% (n=35) dan kategori sangat tinggi 15,8% (n=19). Pengukuran antropometri didapatkan rerata WC=78,6, hip circumference (HC)=97,3 dan WHR=0,81. Persentase individu yang mengalami obesitas sentral pada laki-laki sebesar 13,3% (n=8) dan pada perempuan 28,3% (n=17). Pada penelitian ini status obesitas sentral memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap indeks DMFT.
Determination of Total Protein and Calcium in Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium
Authors: Kusumawardani Banun , Purnamasari Intan Julita , Suendi Dea Ajeng Pravita
Published: November 2021

Gingival mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (GMSC-CM) is a conditioned medium obtained from cultured gingival mesenchymal stem cells. GMSCs are easily isolated from gingival tissue, whereas gingival tissue is easily obtained by minimally invasive techniques. On the other hand, CM contains proteins, cytokines, chemokines and growth factors that play an important role in osteogenic differentiation.This study aims to determine the total protein and calcium levels in GMSC-CM.GMSCs were grown in culture media with 10% of FBS. CM of GMSC was obtained from the media collection process with a 0.22 µm filter and concentrated with a centrifugal filter to obtain a concentrated GMSC-CM. The concentration of total protein was performed by bicinchoninic acid protein assay on GMSC-CM and concentrated GMSC-CM. Calcium level was performed by atomic absorption spectroscopy method. The results arethat GMSC-CM had a total protein concentration of 2502±0.06 µg/ml, and the concentratedGMSC-CM was 1.912±0.08 μg/ml.The calcium level of GMSC-CM was 0.009% and concentratedGMSC-CM was 0.009%. It can be concluded thatGMSC-CM had a high concentration of total protein and calcium. These parameters were used to develop bioprocesses to enhance the production of GMSC-CM, which will support the implementation of cell-free therapy for tissue regeneration.
Perawatan Brown Tumor pada Mandibula Pasien dengan Hiperparatiroid (HPT) Tersier
Authors: Purnamasari Agatha Tunggadewi , Waskitoaji Arsa Hadiyatama , Riyadi Wisnu , Hartomo Bambang Tri
Published: November 2021

Hiperparatiroidisme (HPT) merupakan kondisi yang disebabkan oleh meningkatnya produksi dan sekresi hormon paratiroid (PTH). Tipe HPT diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga dan HPT tersier merupakan yang paling jarang terjadi. Kerusakan tulang merupakan komplikasi yang paling sering terjadi pada HPT tersier yaitu sebesar 25% dari total pasien HPT dan brown tumor merupakan salah satu bagian dari komplikasi tersebut. Lesi ini sering terjadi pada tulang kortikal, termasuk mandibula. Pemeriksaan klinis, radiografis, histopatologi, dan biokimia serum dilakukan dalam upaya diagnosis brown tumor. Perawatan brown tumor dilakukan melalui dua pendekatan yaitu bedah dan non-bedah. Tujuan dari penulisan telaah pustaka ini adalah menjelaskan pentingnya diagnosis dan perawatan yang tepat pada kondisi brown tumor pada mandibula oleh dokter gigi sehingga kerusakan yang lebih parah dapat dicegah. Pemilihan jenis perawatan lesi brown tumor yang tepat didapatkan melalui pemeriksaan yang komprehensif sehingga didapatkan hasil perawatan yang memuaskan. Telaah pustaka ini berjenis telaah pustaka naratif. Pencarian pustaka dilakukan melalui sumber elektronik seperti PubMed, Google Scholar, dan Clinical Key dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi tertentu. Kesimpulan dari telaah pustaka ini adalah pemeriksaan klinis, laboratoris, histologis, serta radiografis yang baik menghasilkan diagnosis yang tepat sehingga dapat mencegah keparahan dan mengurangi kerusakan akibat lesi tersebut.
“Fighters-Dzhigits, Having Drawn Blades and Daggers, Shook Them in the Air...”: the Combat History of the 115th Cavalry Division in the Light of New Sources
Authors: Bezugolniy Aleksej
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the short combat path of one of the national formations formed during the Great Patriotic War — the 115th Kabardino-Balkar Cavalry Division. Finding itself at the forefront of the enemy offensive at the end of July 1942, the division was able to withstand virtually only a few heavy battles with tank formations of the Wehrmacht. The whole drama of the Red Army was reflected in the tragic fate of the division. The article is based on the archival material of the Russian archives (first of all, the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation), as well as German operational documents, which was introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
Adats and Rituals Related to Blood Feuds the Peoples of Mountainous Dagestan (19th — Early 20th Century)
Authors: Madina Gimbatova
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to one of the most common, and currently almost disappeared custom of blood feud. The authors aim to characterize the adats and rituals associated with blood feuds among the peoples of mountainous Dagestan in the 19th — early 20th century. The research is based on historical-comparative, historical-typological methods and the principle of historical-cultural reconstruction. The chronological framework of the study covers the 19th — early 20th century. This is the period of legal pluralism in Dagestan, when the norms of customary law (adats), Sharia and the laws of the Russian Empire were in force in the mountains.The reasons for the occurrence of blood feuds, adats regulating the legal consequences of murder, as well as the rites of reconciliation of blood relatives are identified and investigated. It is established that in Dagestan, due to the specific features of the socio-economic and political system, such types of criminal punishment as deprivation of liberty, execution, corporal and degrading measures of influence did not arise for the murder of a person. The results of the study can be used by employees of education and culture to familiarize the younger generation with the legal experience of their ancestors.
Avar Linguistics in the Novocherkassk Gymnasium in the 1850s — 1860s: the Experience of the Incorporation of the Caucasian Highlanders into the Imperial Cultural Space
Authors: Peretyatko Artyom
Published: November 2021

The presented article is devoted to one of the little-known historical plots related to the scientific and educational practices of the Department of Oriental Languages of the Novocherkassk Military Gymnasium in the middle of the 19th century. The consistent creation of methodological manuals on the Avar language and specialized training in the “native dialect” of future officers are considered as an important element of the administrative and cultural incorporation of the Caucasus into the Russian imperial space, which was not limited to the well-known Russification. The empirical basis of the article under consideration was formed as a result of a comprehensive study of differentiated documentary and narrative sources, some of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The author's reflections are determined by the established historiographical tradition devoted to the systemic interaction of the Russian Empire and mountain communities, an organic element of which were specialized educational practices.
Transformation of Adyghe Society in the 19th Century as Shown by the Subethnos of the Abadzekhs
Authors: Cheucheva Anzhela
Published: November 2021

This article discusses the transformation of the life of Adyghe society throughout the 19th century. The object of the study is the Adyghe Abadzekhs, who lived in the historical region of the North-West Caucasus, called Abadzekhia. In the 19th century, these people turned to be at the center of the conquest policy of the Russian Empire. The publication attempts to analyze the changes that occurred with part of the Adyghe ethnic group — the Abadzekhs, as well as the influence of the Caucasian War. The research shows that constant military operations contributed to a change in the life of Adyghe society, having a destructive influence on it. At the end of the Caucasian War, part of the Adyghe population died, part emigrated, and the remaining part moved to other regions of the North Caucasus. The Russian administration established new rules and restrictions that related to the organization of management, land allocation. The introduction of new rules caused protests that were suppressed, which complicated the integration of part of the Adyghes into the Russian Empire. Gradually experience was developed that contributed to the regulation of the behavior of the Adyghes through the introduction of new rules and norms of life within the framework of the Russian Empire.
Special Session of the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences at the 13th RISA Convention: Changes in the Research Field of the History of the Cold War
Authors: Lipkin Mikhail
Published: November 2021

The article makes a review of the 8 academic papers presented at the special session of the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences conducted as part of the 13th RISA Convention in Moscow “The World System of Socialism” and global economics in 1950s — 1970s: discussion in historiography and the recent archival evidences”. The session summed up results of 5 years of research work of scientific team at the Institute of World History financed by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation 17-18-01728 in 2017—2021. The author specifies main publications and reviews in press on the published book series “The World System of Socialism” and global economics” established in the “Ves’ Mir” publishing company as part of the project, and analyses its merit in comparison with analogоus book series which appeared in the world. The key talking points of presented papers are represented threw the lense of a search for alternative development in 1950s — 1970s, alternative to the capitalist system. The comparative analysis of modernization efforts in the countries of the Eastern Bloc, institutional reforms in COMECON and UN (creation of UNCTAD), collective answer to technological challenges of the colour TV (SECAM) is displayed around discussion on the struggle between political and economic concerns of policymakers in this period of time. The author comes to conclusion that the trend line in the world historiography of the last 5 years becomes a study of the global Cold War from the angle of “East — South” relations. The interdisciplinary research conducted by Russian historians answers this new challenge in research field of the Cold War history.
Image Based Classification of Rumor Information from the Social Network Platform
Authors: Sreenivasulu Vallamchetty , Wajeed Mohammed Abdul
Published: November 2021

Spam emails based on images readily evade text-based spam email filters. More and more spammers are adopting the technology. The essence of email is necessary in order to recognize image content. Web-based social networking is a method of communication between the information owner and end users for online exchanges that use social network data in the form of images and text. Nowadays, information is passed on to users in shorter time using social networks, and the spread of fraudulent material on social networks has become a major issue. It is critical to assess and decide which features the filters require to combat spammers. Spammers also insert text into photographs, causing text filters to fail. The detection of visual garbage material has become a hotspot study on spam filters on the Internet. The suggested approach includes a supplementary detection engine that uses visuals as well as text input. This paper proposed a system for the assessment of information, the detection of information on fraud-based mails and the avoidance of distribution to end users for the purpose of enhancing data protection and preventing safety problems. The proposed model utilizes Machine Learning and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) methods to recognize and prevent fraud information being transmitted to end users.
Концепция информационной системы анализа данных об обучающихся в условиях цифровизации
Authors: Адамова Ю.С.
Published: November 2021

В данной статье рассматривается концепция построения информационной системы для анализа данных об обучающихся на основе клиентской аналитики в условиях цифровизации.
To the 175th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding Russian obstetriciangynecologist V.A. Vasten
Authors: Berdimuradova B.B. , Odinaev S.R. , Dolgov G.V.
Published: November 2021

The article presents biographical information about Vladimir Alexandrovich Vasten (1846-1910), a domestic obstetrician-gynecologist, a member of the St. Petersburg obstetricgynecological society, the founder of the obstetric school of doctors.
Новые грани в понимании сущности современного школьного обучения
Authors: Селиверстова Е.Н.
Published: November 2021

На основе анализа инновационной образовательной практики автором предпринята попытка выявления тенденций, отражающих обновление подходов к пониманию сущностных характеристик современного обучения в сравнении с классическими подходами. Внимание сосредоточено на раскрытии специфики познавательной деятельности обучающихся, реализующейся в современной практике обучения в учебном, игровом и проектном форматах. Это позволило сделать вывод о накоплении массива эмпирических данных, создающих основу для раскрытия новых сторон сущности обучения, отличных только от его учебно-познавательного предназначения.
Педагогический потенциал клубной деятельности подростков Оренбуржья: история и современность
Authors: Торшина А.В.
Published: November 2021

В статье раскрывается педагогический потенциал клубной деятельности подростков Оренбуржья в 1930 – 1950-е годы для современной практики дополнительного образования, заключающиеся в образовательных, личностно- ориентированных и социально-педагогических позициях.
Economic Feasibility Study on PV/Wind Hybrid Microgrids for Indonesia Remote Island Application
Authors: Syafii Syafii , Anugrah Pinto , Dibyo Laksono Heru , Yamashika Herris
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the economic feasibility of hybrid microgrid power system for three remote islands of Sumatra, Indonesia. The microgrid system simulated and analysed using Homer Pro software. Optimization results showed that the combination of photovoltaic (PV), diesel generation (G) and batteries (Batt) for microgrid power system in Mandeh and Lagundri Island area were the most economical configuration. Meanwhile, for Mentawai area, the combination of PV, Wind Turbine (WT), G, Batt was the most optimal since it has higher wind speed then the other two areas. The Mandeh area has the highest solar radiation compared to the other two areas, resulting in the lowest CoE of $0.096/kWh as well as the lowest investment and operational costs. For the fixed PV 100 kW scenario, the optimal configuration is obtained with 86 kW supplied by WT for the Lagundri location, and 67 kW supplied by WT for the Mentawai area, while the WT installation area is not recommended for Mandeh location. The power management analysis showed that the average and patterns of weather parameters including solar radiation and wind speed effect both PV and Wind electrical power production.
Chronic Toxoplasma gondii Infection Potentiates Parkinson’s Disease Course in Mice Model
Authors: Firouzeh Nima , Ziaali Naser , Sheibani Vahid , Doustimotlagh Amir Hossein , Afgar Ali , Zamanpour Maryam , Keshavarz Hossein , Shojaee Saeideh , Shafiei Reza , Esmaeilpour Khadijeh , Babaei Zahra
Published: November 2021

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a neuroinvasive protozoa pathogen that could manipulate its intermediate host's behavior. However, the possible link between T. gondii infection and the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been proposed, we tested the hypothesis that in chronic toxoplasmosis neuroinflammation, and molecular mediators potentiate behavioral-cognitive impairments in BALB/c mice with PD.
Methods: To establish chronic toxoplasmosis by Tehran strain, cysts of T. gondii were injected intraperitoneally into BALB/c mice in Kerman, Iran in 2019. To induce the PD model, mice (BALB/c) were treated with Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The behavioral experiments such as anxiety and motor coordination were performed using the Open field and Rotarod tests. Additionally, we investigated the contribution of Toxoplasma-induced neuroinflammation, and behavioral-cognitive impairments in the PD mice model.
Results: Chronic toxoplasmosis caused PD-like symptoms and induced various behavioral changes in infected BALB/c mice. In T. gondii infected+MPTP treated group, T. gondii infection could potentiate PD in infected mice receiving MPTP and caused remarkable dysfunction in motor coordination and change in anxiety and depression-like behaviors similar or more severe than PD group.
Conclusion: Chronic T. gondii infection exacerbates pathological progression of PD in BALB/c mice brain by promoting neuroinflammation, and behavioral changes establishing.
Toxoplasma gondii in Milk of Human and Goat from the Desert Area in Central Iran
Authors: Mohammadi Khamsian Esmat , Hajimohammadi Bahador , Eslami Gilda , Fallahzadeh Mohammad Hossein , Hosseini Saeede Sadat
Published: November 2021

Background: Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan, causes toxoplasmosis. The aim of this study was molecular detection of T. gondii in breast and goat milk samples by the molecular method in the central Iran.
Methods: Totally, 300 human' and 200 goats' milk samples were collected randomly from different regions of central Iran in 2018. DNA extraction was performed by the salting-out method. Molecular detection of the parasite was done by nested-PCR using the specific primer pairs. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 23 using descriptive and Chi-square tests.
Results: Out of 300 human milk samples, 1 sample (0.3%) was infected with T. gondii. Out of 200 samples of goat milk, 11 samples (5.5%) showed infection with T. gondii. The frequency of infection in goat's milk samples was 4.36% in the south and west, 1.9% in northern regions, and 2% in eastern regions of the province. The statistical analysis showed no significant difference between toxoplasmosis and different geographical regions in the province.
Conclusion: Because of the popularity of the goat milk and the transfection probability with the milk to humans, it is recommended to boil milk prior to use. Furthermore, case contamination of T. gondii in the human milk sample showed one of the important paths for infection transmission, which requires further studies.
Main Pathways and Ion Channels Differentially Expressed in the Transcriptome of Male and Female Adult Angiostrongylus can-tonensis using a Deep Sequencing Approach
Authors: Guo Yue , Zhou Hong Chang , Dong Hai Yan , Yao Yun Liang , Xu Bo Ying , Zhao Yu
Published: November 2021

Background: The adult stage is an important period in the life cycle of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, as it is at this stage that male and female worms produce thousands of fertilized eggs daily.
Methods: To explore the transcriptional details of adult male and female A. cantonensis, three groups of male and female adult worms were collected, and their transcriptome profiles were analyzed using an Illumina next-generation sequencing platform. A total of 283,910,174 clean reads were obtained, and 137,626 unigenes and 237,059 transcripts were then generated. Unigenes were successfully annotated by querying the Gene Ontology (GO), the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), NCBI non-redundant protein sequences (NR), PFAM, STRING, and SWISS-PROT databases. Then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the 2 genders were identified. The GO and KEGG databases were used for DEG annotation, and a number of DEG annotations were enriched.
Results: The results obtained from querying DEGs using the GO and KEGG databases revealed that male and female adult worms exhibited differences in metabolism and production. Protein phosphorylation, ion transport, and calcium transport were all significantly enriched according to GO annotation. A number of other pathways were also enriched according to KEGG enrichment annotation, including the pentose phosphate pathway, nitrogen metabolism, oocyte meiosis pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, calcium signaling pathway, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway etc.
Conclusion: We hypothesized that the nervous system of the worm plays a key role in the physiological regulation of adult A. cantonensis, and based on this, the function of the calcium-signaling pathway should be investigated.
Investigating in Vivo and in Vitro Effects of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Myrtle (Myrtus communis) on Leishmania major
Authors: Hesami Delshad , Ghaffarifar Fatemeh , Dalimi Abdolhossein , Dayer Mohammad Saaid , Nasiri Vahid , Sheikh Shagayegh
Published: November 2021

Background: The extract of myrtle plant contains polyphenolic compounds that show antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-parasitic properties. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of aqueous and ethanolic myrtle extract against leishmaniasis caused by L. major in vivo and in vitro conditions.
Methods: This study was carried out in Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran in 2018. Aqueous and ethanolic extract of myrtle plant at 6.25 to 400 mg/ml concentrations were tested on Leishmania major promastigotes, non-infected macrophages, and macrophages infected with amastigotes in vitro using counting, MTT and flow cytometry techniques. Then, BALB/c mice were treated with ethanolic, aqueous and a mixture of both extracts of myrtle plant. The treatment was carried out for four weeks. Then, the effectiveness of the herbal medicine was assessed by measuring wounds diameters, mice weights and their mortality rate on weekly basis.
Results: The IC50 values of aqueous and ethanolic extracts for promastigotes were 7.86 and 11.66 μg/mL respectively. The IC50 values of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts for amastigotes were 12.5 and 47.2 μg/mL respectively. Flow cytometry indicates 62.88% and 60.16% apoptosis induced by ethanolic and aqueous extract of myrtle plant respectively. The lowest parasitic load was seen in the group treated with ethanolic extract.
Conclusion: The lesion sizes for treated groups with extracts were similar to those treated with glucantime. Oral administration instead of injection is another advantage of myrtle plant over glucantime, which makes the herb easy and more practical.
Safety and Efficacy of Prosopis juliflora Leaf Extract as a Potential Treatment against Visceral Leishmaniasis in Balb/c Mice
Authors: Mutile Muendo Charity , Muli Mutiso Joshua , Muita Gicheru Michael
Published: November 2021

Background: Visceral Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani is a major health problem in the tropics and sub-tropic regions where it is endemic. We aimed in testing the leishmanicidal activity and toxicity of Prosopis juliflora leaf extract in BALB/c mice and in vitro test systems respectively.
Methods: In the year 2017 until 2019, BALB/c mice of mixed sexes aged between 6 and 8 weeks in groups of 8 were used. Group I treated with 100 mg/kg of P. juliflora extract, Group II -1 mg/kg of Sodium stibogluconate (SSG) and Group III treated with normal saline. All mice were anaesthized and sacrificed to obtain blood, spleen samples for antibody measurements, and determination of parasite loads.
Results: There was significant inhibitory effect (P<0.05) exhibited by P. juliflora leaf extract on promastigote growth during the in vitro test whereby up to 98% parasites were killed at the highest concentrations of 100 µg/Ml of the extract as compared to SSG, which showed less inhibitory effect on promastigotes. P. juliflora exhibited a higher splenic antiamastigote effect after 21 days of administration as compared to SSG. P. juliflora methanolic leaf extract induced a higher total IgG level as compared to the reference drug which could be attributed to higher titer in IgG2a subtype in mice treated with the extract, which was not induced in mice, treated with SSG.
Conclusion: P. juliflora exhibited higher inhibitory effects against L. donovani promastigotes as well as amastigotes and induced significantly higher IgG antibody levels as compared to SSG (P<0.05). Furthermore, it was safer than SSG on Vero E6 cells.
Gendered Division of Domestic Labour and Childbearing Intentions in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Modiri Fatemeh , Sadeghi Rasoul
Published: November 2021

Objective: Changes in the gendered division of domestic labour are often assumed to influence childbearing intention, but existing evidence is varied and less examined in the Asian context. This paper aims to investigate the association between the gendered division of domestic labour and the intention to have another child.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Tehran on 455 married women aged 18-40 years who were selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling.
Results: Domestic labour is still a feminine role and the majority of women are satisfied with the division of domestic labour. Women’s satisfaction with the division of domestic labour is a predictor of their tendency to have another child, but the actual division of domestic labour has not a significant effect on women’s desire to childbearing, in the multivariate model.
Conclusion: Women’s desire for having another child is positively impacted by their satisfaction with the gendered division of labour in their household. To achieve more fertility, gender equality in the family and identifying the factors affecting women's satisfaction with the division of domestic labour is suggested.