bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of A Profile of Needs for Basic Reading Teaching Materials in Riau Province
Authors: Zulfa Mukminati , Asnawi Asnawi
Published: March 2024

This research aims to design a profile of needs for basic reading teaching materials, especially at the tertiary level. This study used a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Research data was collected using a questionnaire. The profile questionnaire for the need for teaching materials for the basics of reading was displayed on the Google form platform. The research data was in the form of questionnaire results distributed based on the needs of students in the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program which was available at 3 leading universities in Riau Province, namely Riau Islamic University, Riau University and Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau State Islamic University. After getting the questionnaire results, data validation was carried out using interviews. Next, the data analysis technique was carried out using reflective techniques with the help of TagCrowd. The results of the research showed that the profile of the need for teaching materials for the basics of reading required by Language and Literature Education Students in Riau Province was based on four factors, namely factors (1) the content needs of students who want to understand the theory of reading skills, of course in accordance with real life and mastery of skills, (2) ) students' linguistic needs want popular vocabulary with complex information using simple sentences to make it easier to understand, (3) students' graphic needs want a book display with Times News Roman letters, 12 and A4 size paper equipped with pictures, audio and video, 21x29 cm using frames, and (4) students' learning media needs require teaching media in the form of printed books/e-books with interactive material containing public facilities such as tourist attractions and entertainment.) in the form of dialogue texts.
Encourage Teacher Innovative Behavior : The Interaction Role of Cognitive Flexibility and Teacher Self-Efficacy
Authors: Dumbi Khairunnisa Syafira , Indrasari Stephanie Yuanita
Published: March 2024

This study aims to analyze the interaction role of cognitive flexibility and teacher self-efficacy in teacher innovative behavior in the context of curriculum change in Indonesian schools. This study used a quantitative survey method. Three instruments were used, namely the Teacher Innovative Behavior Scale, the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, and the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale. Data were collected from 322 teachers from three educational levels in Jabodetabek. Descriptive analyses, correlation analyses, and moderation analyses were conducted. The findings revealed that cognitive flexibility, as a whole construct, and each dimension (the control and alternative dimension), positively predicts teacher innovative behavior. Specifically, only the alternative dimension that significantly interacts with teacher self-efficacy positively predicts teacher innovative behavior. In other words, teacher self-efficacy is significant as a moderator. The findings highlight the importance of addressing cognitive flexibility and teacher self-efficacy, which were not extensively researched before, in enhancing teachers’ innovative behavior. Innovative behavior is crucial for teachers, especially in the current era of change.
Construction of Teaching Materials To Facilitate 21st Century Learning on Critical and Creative Thinking
Authors: Sarjana Ketut , Kurniawan Eka , Lu'luilmaknun Ulfa , Kertiyani Ni Made Intan
Published: March 2024

This research aims to produce teaching materials based on 21st century learning for prospective teacher students that are valid and effective. The method of this research was research and development (R&D) using the Thiagarajan 4D model. This model consists of several stages, namely definition, design, development, and dissemination. The test subjects of this research were 27 third-semester mathematics education students at the University of Mataram. Data was collected using a validation questionnaire for teaching materials for material experts, media, practitioners and lecturer and student response questionnaires. Meanwhile, effectiveness data was obtained from student scores on ability tests at the end of using teaching materials. The data was analyzed descriptively to categorize the classical completeness from the scores. The results of the research showed that the teaching materials for teaching critical and creative thinking skills met the criteria valid according to the assessment of material experts, media experts, practitioner experts, lecturers, and students, and their effectiveness has been tested so that it can be concluded that this module meets the requirements for use in learning to build creative thinking and critical thinking skills. These teaching materials can be references for teachers to study how to stimulate student’s critical and creative thinking.
Connecting the Dots : How Research-Based Teaching Shapes Teacher Self-Efficacy and Elevates Professional Development in Education
Authors: Jaya Fitra
Published: March 2024

This study aims to analyze the perception of implementing research-based teaching and teacher self-efficacy in improving professional teaching and learning. This study used a quantitative approach with the survey as a data collection method. 187 teachers were involved in the study spread across three different provincial regions. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires related to teachers' perceptions and self-assessments of research-based teaching, teacher self-efficacy, and professional teaching and learning. The analysis used a two-step approach involving measurement and structural model using structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. The results showed that research-based teaching has  an assential role  in improving professional teaching and learning. In addition, teacher self-efficacy also affects the development of teaching and learning professionals, indicating that teacher confidence in their teaching ability has a significant impact on the quality of student learning. The use of research-based teaching by teachers not only increases the efficacy of their teaching, but also positively impacts the learning experience of students, enriching and expanding the quality of learning.
THE USE OF GAMIFICATION IN THE PREVENTION OF DYSLEXIA OF CHILDREN IN PRESCHOOL AGE
Authors: Mytsyk Hanna , Babichenko Alona
Published: March 2024

In this article, the use of gamification in the organization of preventive work with children prone to dyslexia is analyzed. The factor that causes dyslexia has been identified, emphasizing the need to promptly identify children at risk and intervene, in order to avoid negative psychosocial consequences during their education. The main achievements of scientists in this field have been summarized. The advantages of using individual elements of gamification for propaedeutic purposes in working with children prone to dyslexia are highlighted, and their description is provided. An algorithm for creating a game mechanism, criteria for selecting digital learning platforms, and developing games based on them are proposed.
Considering the variety of available mobile applications and platforms that contribute to the implementation of propaedeutic and developmental goals in working with children with speech disorders, it is stated that they have some disadvantages. Therefore, the main approaches to developing custom digital games on gamified platforms, with the ability to modify their content and tasks, have been considered in such a way that they contribute to the implementation of the goals of corrective and developmental work with children prone to dyslexia. Several variants of such games are proposed as examples. The identified factors that can hinder the achievement of a positive effect of using digital games by a speech therapist in the classroom are discussed, and ways to solve them are explored. The perspective of using digital games in providing remote corrective and developmental assistance to children in conditions of distance learning is indicated.
The article also emphasizes the need for speech therapists to possess a sufficient level of digital competence as a guarantee of methodologically correct creation and implementation of digital games into their work with children.
Changes in Retinal Hemodynamics in the Optic Nerve Head of Healthy Participants Measured Using Laser Speckle Flowgraphy after a Cold Pressor Test
Authors: Sato Shogo , Hashimoto Yuki , Sakamoto Ami , Nakano Suzuka , Yoshimura Miki , Yamanokuchi Toshitaka , Yoshitomi Takeshi
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Autoregulation of retinal vessels is stronger than that of choroidal vessels. This study aimed to use laser speckle flowgraphy to determine the time course of changes in retinal hemodynamics of healthy eyes after a cold pressor test.Methods: This prospective study included 44 right eyes of 44 healthy volunteers (age, 21.7 ± 5.0 years). The mean blur rate, which is a quantitative index of the relative blood flow velocity in the retina, was measured using laser speckle flowgraphy. The vessel average of mean blur rate at the optic nerve head, intraocular pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure, heart rate, and ocular perfusion pressure were evaluated at baseline, immediately after the cold pressor test, and 10, 20, and 30 minutes after the test.Results: Immediately after the test (0 minutes), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure, and ocular perfusion pressure were significantly increased compared with those at baseline; however, no changes were observed at 10, 20, and 30 minutes after the test. In contrast, intraocular pressure, heart rate, and the vascular mean blur rate values at the optic nerve head did not change throughout the course of the study.Conclusions: Sympathetic hyperactivity induced by the cold pressor test increased systemic circulatory dynamics, but not retinal circulatory hemodynamics, suggesting the involvement of vascular autoregulation.
Intersectality on the Global Stage: How the Multifaceted Identities of Nations Shape International Relations
Authors: Chen Yu
Published: March 2024

This article introduces the concept of "intersectality" as an innovative framework for analyzing international relations, adapted from the social science principle of intersectionality. Intersectality examines how various aspects of a country's identity—such as race, polity, value, religion, language, location, history, economic status, military power, and alliances—interact and overlap, leading to unique positions and behaviors on the global stage. Through a theoretical exploration and diverse case studies, including the United States, Russia, Germany, Singapore, Turkey, and South Africa, this work demonstrates how intersectality influences diplomatic relations, conflict, cooperation, and the functioning of global governance bodies like the UN and WTO. The article highlights both the potential of intersectality to enhance understanding and cooperation among nations and the challenges it poses to traditional international law and policy. It argues for the adoption of intersectality in international relations discourse to foster a more inclusive, equitable, and effective global community.
Early onset of APC/C activity renders SAC inefficient in mouse embryos
Authors: Horakova Adela , Konecna Marketa , Radonova Lenka , Anger Martin
Published: March 2024

Control mechanisms of spindle assembly and chromosome segregation are vital for preventing aneuploidy during cell division. The mammalian germ cells and embryos are prone to chromosome segregation errors, and the resulting aneuploidy is a major cause of termination of development or severe developmental disorders. Here we focused on early mouse embryos, and using combination of methods involving microinjection, immunodetection and confocal live cell imaging, we concentrated on the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) and Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C). These are two important mechanisms cooperating during mitosis to ensure accurate chromosome segregation, and assessed their activity during the first two mitoses after fertilization. Our results showed, that in zygotes and 2-cell embryos, the SAC core protein Mad1 shows very low levels on kinetochores in comparison to oocytes and its interaction with chromosomes is restricted to a short time interval after nuclear membrane disassembly (NEBD). Exposure of 2-cell embryos to low levels of spindle poison does not prevent anaphase, despite the spindle damage induced by the drug. Lastly, the APC/C is activated coincidentally with NEBD before the spindle assembly completion. This early onset of APC/C activity, together with precocious relocalization of Mad1 from chromosomes, prevents proper surveillance of spindle assembly by SAC. The results contribute to the understanding of the origin of aneuploidy in early embryos.
Mechanistic insights on 1-butene polymerization catalyzed by homogeneous single-site catalysts: a DFT computational study
Authors: D’Anania Olga , De Rosa Claudio , Talarico Giovanni
Published: March 2024

Isotactic poly (1-butene) (iPB) is an interesting semi-crystalline thermoplastic material characterized by notable physical and mechanical attributes encompassing superior creep and stress resistance, elevated toughness, stiffness, and thermal endurance. These distinctive features position iPB as a viable candidate for specific applications; however, its widespread utilization is hindered by certain inherent limitations. Indeed, iPB manifests an intricate polymorphic behavior, and the gradual and spontaneous transition of the kinetically favored form II to the thermodynamically favored form I during aging introduces alterations to the material’s properties. Despite its potential, the attainment of iPB with an exceedingly high molecular mass remains elusive, particularly when employing homogeneous catalysts renowned for their efficacy in propene polymerization. In this study we analyze the mechanistic aspects governing 1-butene polymerization by using DFT calculations modelling the regioselectivity of 1-butene insertions and the termination reactions occurring after primary (1,2) and secondary (2,1) insertions. Finally, the isomerization pathways leading to the formation of 4,1 units in iPB samples synthesized by homogenous catalysts is also discussed. All these aspects, furnish a mechanistic picture of the main drawbacks of an “old” but still interesting material.
Vaginal dysbiosis seems associated with hrHPV infection in women attending the Dutch Cervical Cancer Screening Program
Authors: Loonen Anne J. M. , Verhagen Femke , Luijten-de Vrije Ilse , Lentjes-Beer Marjolein , Huijsmans Cornelis J. , van den Brule Adriaan J. C.
Published: March 2024

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus, which infects approximately 80% of all men and women at some time in their lives. Usually, the infection is resolved successfully by the body’s immune system. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV (hrHPV) is necessary but not sufficient for cervical cancer development, and additional factors, such as the vaginal microbiome (vaginome), are thought to be involved. The aim of this study is to investigate whether either vaginal dysbiosis (imbalance in vaginal bacterial composition) or sexually transmitted pathogens, e.g., Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), are possible cofactors for hrHPV infection and HPV-induced cervical dysplasia in asymptomatic women attending the Dutch Cervical Cancer Screening Program. In this study, 492 hrHPV-positive and 500 hrHPV-negative cervical smears from women attending the Screening Program were included. Age and cytology were known for the hrHPV-positive samples. All cervical smears were diluted in Aptima® specimen transfer medium and tested with Aptima® transcription-mediated amplification assays targeting CT, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Candida spp. (CS), C. glabrata (CG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), and bacterial vaginosis (BV). The prevalences of CT, NG, MG, CS, CG, TV, and BV in this cohort were found to be 1.9%, 0.0%, 1.7%, 5.4%, 1.4%, 0.1%, and 27.2%, respectively. When comparing HPV groups, it was found that CT, MG, and BV had a significantly higher prevalence in hrHPV-positive smears as compared with hrHPV-negative samples (for all p < 0.001). No significant differences were found when comparing different age groups and cytology outcomes. In conclusion, vaginal dysbiosis seems associated with hrHPV infection in women attending the Dutch Cervical Cancer Screening Program.
Role and mechanism of miRNA in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Yan Junyuan , Zhong Xinqin , Zhao Yucui , Wang Xiaoying
Published: March 2024

The occurrence and development of myocardial dysfunction are associated with damage in the cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs), which can regulate nutrient exchange and oxy-gen-carbon cycling to protect cardiomyocytes. Interventions targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) can effectively mitigate CMEC injury and thus improve cardiovascular diseases. MiRNAs are a class of noncoding single-strand RNA molecules typically 21–23 nucleotides in length that are encoded by endogenous genes. They are critical regulators of organism development, cell differentiation, metabolism, and apoptosis. Current clinical trials on miRNA drugs indicate that patient-specific miRNA levels are now being used as one of the criteria for predicting heart disease. However, the cellular process of various miRNAs in CMECs in cardiovascular diseases has not been fully elucidated. These mechanisms are a field that immediately requires further investigation. Accordingly, this review summarizes the roles and mechanisms of various miRNAs in CMECs in cardiovascular disease and includes the process of CMEC crosstalk between miRNAs and other cell types in the heart. Our study serves as a theoretical basis for the formal introduction of miRNA use into the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the future.
Supporting autistic communities through parent-led and child/young person-led digital social story interventions: an exploratory study
Authors: Camilleri Louis John , Maras Katie , Brosnan Mark
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Social Stories (SS) is a socially-valid intervention for autistic children and young people (CYP) which is used widely by professionals and parents. Research suggests that whilst parents are in an ideal position to deliver interventions for their autistic CYP, a lack of procedural integrity can result in a great deal of variability in parent-mediated intervention outcomes.

Methods

This exploratory study investigated the extent to which SS can be effectively developed and delivered, through digital mediation, by parents with little to no researcher input (n = 17, sample 1) and the factors that impact effectiveness. Furthermore, the study also investigated the extent to which digitally-mediated SS can support autistic CYP to develop and deliver their own stories, thereby utilising the intervention as a means for self-support and self-management (n = 5, sample 2).

Results

The outcomes of the study indicate that digital mediation can effectively support parent-led SS intervention. Findings also indicate that receptive/expressive language skills of autistic CYP, their level of systemizing, as well as the practice of consulting with the autistic CYP whilst identifying goals and developing stories, are individual and procedural characteristics which positively influence the effectiveness of the parent-led intervention. The study also found that digitally-mediated SS can be utilised as a self-support tool by autistic CYP themselves.

Discussion

The results inform the developing literature on digital interventions and support tools that aim to engage with, and involve further, the autistic community in the setting and authoring of interventions and research.
Filling a gap: initial evidence for reliable and valid measures of students’ self-concept, self-efficacy, and interest in science with elementary students traditionally underrepresented in STEM
Authors: Gagnier Kristin Michod , Holochwost Steven J. , Ceren Melissa , Fisher Kelly R.
Published: March 2024

American students continue to perform poorly on national and international assessments of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) competencies, and achievement gaps spanning racial/ethnic and socioeconomic lines emerge early and widen over time. Scholars and practitioners agree that expanding access to high-quality STEM education has the potential to improve students’ performance and reduce inequalities. Research has elucidated the critical role that students’ self-perceptions play in driving academic achievement, which has spurred the development of many educational programs and initiatives aimed at increasing students’ confidence, self-efficacy, and interest. However, our capacity to determine what programs and initiatives are effective and for whom is limited by our lack of psychometrically sound measures that assess science-related self-perceptions and interests of elementary students from diverse populations. To address this gap, we developed and tested measures of Science Self-Efficacy, Science Self-Concept, Interest in Science Activities, and Attitudes toward STEM careers in a sample of third-grade students (8–9 years) traditionally underrepresented in STEM careers (94% of our sample identified as either African American or Hispanic). We present initial evidence, from a preliminary pilot study, for the reliability and validity of these measures and reveal the multi-dimensional nature of students’ self-perceptions and interests in science. We discuss how such measurement tools will inform our understanding of the nature of young students’ science self-perceptions, how the utilization of such tools can inform educational practice, and highlight the critical importance of conducting measurement development research with diverse populations.
Motilin fluctuations in healthy volunteers determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
Authors: Foreman Rachel E. , Bannon Christopher A. , Kay Richard G. , Reimann Frank , Gribble Fiona M.
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Motilin is a hormone secreted by specialised enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine, and is known to modulate gastrointestinal motility in humans, regulating the migratory motor complex. It is understudied at least in part due to the lack of commercially available immunoassays.

Method

A multiplexed liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was optimised to measure motilin, insulin, C-peptide, GIP (1–42) and GIP (3–42). Corresponding active ghrelin concentrations were determined by immunoassay. Ten healthy volunteers with no prior history of gastroenterological or endocrine condition attended after overnight fast and had blood samples taken every 15 minutes for 4 hours whilst continuing to fast, and then further sampling for 2 hours following a liquid mixed meal. Hunger scores were taken at each time point using a visual analogue scale. Normal bowel habit was confirmed by 1 week stool diary.

Results

Motilin levels fluctuated in the fasting state with an average period between peaks of 109.5 mins (SD:30.0), but with no evidence of a relationship with either ghrelin levels or hunger scores. The mixed meal interrupted cyclical motilin fluctuations, increased concentrations of motilin, insulin, C-peptide, GIP(1-42) and GIP(3-42), and suppressed ghrelin levels.

Discussion

This study highlights the utility of LC-MS/MS for parallel measurement of motilin alongside other peptide hormones, and supports previous reports of the cyclical nature of motilin levels in the fasting state and interruption with feeding. This analytical method has utility for further clinical studies into motilin and gut hormone physiology in human volunteers.
Genetic architecture of body weight, carcass, and internal organs traits of Ghanaian local chickens
Authors: Kanlisi Roland A. , Amuzu-Aweh Esinam N. , Naazie Augustine , Otsyina Hope R. , Kelly Terra R. , Gallardo Rodrigo A. , Lamont Susan J. , Zhou Huaijun , Dekkers Jack , Kayang Boniface B.
Published: March 2024

Information on the genetic architecture of the production traits of indigenous African chicken is limited. We performed a genome-wide association study using imputed Affymetrix Axiom® 600K SNP-chip genotypes on 1,113 chickens from three agroecological zones of Ghana. After quality control, a total of 382,240 SNPs remained. Variance components and heritabilities for some growth, carcass and internal organ traits were estimated. The genetic and phenotypic correlations among these traits were also estimated. The estimated heritabilities of body weight at week 22 (BW22), average daily gain (ADG), dressed weight, breast weight, thigh weight, wing weight, drumstick weight, and neck weight were high and ranged from 0.50 to 0.69. Estimates of heritabilities for head weight, shank weight, and gizzard weight were moderate (0.31–0.35) while those of liver weight, back weight, dressing percentage, and heart weight were low (0.13–0.21). The estimated heritabilities of dressed weight, breast weight, wing weight, drumstick weight, neck weight, shank weight, and gizzard weight, corrected for BW22, were moderate (0.29–0.38), while the remaining traits had low heritability estimates (0.13–0.21). A total of 58 1-Mb SNP windows on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 18, and 33 each explained more than 1% of the genetic variance for at least one of these traits. These genomic regions contained many genes previously reported to have effects on growth, carcass, and internal organ traits of chickens, including EMX2, CALCUL1, ACVR1B, CACNB1, RB1, MLNR, FOXO1, NCARPG, LCORL, LAP3, LDB2, KPNA3, and CAB39L. The moderate to high heritability estimates and high positive genetic correlations suggest that BW22, ADG, dressed weight, breast weight, thigh weight, wing weight, drumstick weight, and neck weight could be improved through selective breeding.
Maternal gut microbiota in the health of mothers and offspring: from the perspective of immunology
Authors: Lu Xiaowen , Shi Zhan , Jiang Lingling , Zhang Songying
Published: March 2024

Due to the physiological alteration during pregnancy, maternal gut microbiota changes following the metabolic processes. Recent studies have revealed that maternal gut microbiota is closely associated with the immune microenvironment in utero during pregnancy and plays a vital role in specific pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm birth and recurrent miscarriages. Some other evidence has also shown that aberrant maternal gut microbiota increases the risk of various diseases in the offspring, such as allergic and neurodevelopmental disorders, through the immune alignment between mother and fetus and the possible intrauterine microbiota. Probiotics and the high-fiber diet are effective inventions to prevent mothers and fetuses from diseases. In this review, we summarize the role of maternal gut microbiota in the development of pregnancy complications and the health condition of future generations from the perspective of immunology, which may provide new therapeutic strategies for the health management of mothers and offspring.
A study of forecast sensitivity to observations in the Bay of Bengal using LETKF
Authors: Paul Biswamoy , Baduru Balaji , Paul Arya
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Assimilating all available observations in numerical models may lead to deterioration of the analysis. Ensemble Forecast Sensitivity to Observations (EFSO) is a method that helps to identify all such observations which benefit the analyses. EFSO has never been tested in an ocean data assimilation system because of a lack of robust formulation of a squared norm against which beneficiality of observations can be estimated.

Methods

Here, we explore the efficacy of EFSO in the ocean data assimilation system that comprises the ocean model, Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), coupled to the assimilation system Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF), collectively called LETKF- ROMS, in the Bay of Bengal by envisaging a novel squared norm. The Bay of Bengal is known for its higher stratification and shallow mixed layer depth. In view of baroclinicity representing the stratification of the ocean, we use the modulus of the baroclinic vector as the squared norm to evaluate forecast errors in EFSO.

Results

Using this approach, we identify beneficial observations. Assimilating only the beneficial observations greatly improves the ocean state. We also show that the improvements are more pronounced in the head of the Bay of Bengal where stratification is much higher compared to the rest of the basin.

Discussion

Though this approach doesn’t degrade the ocean state in other regions of the Indian Ocean, a universal squared norm is needed that can be extended beyond the Bay of Bengal basin.
Measuring coral disease lesions: a comparison of methodologies
Authors: Neely Karen L.
Published: March 2024

The presence of stressors, particularly disease, on corals necessitates assessments of their severity in order to compare threat levels and to plan for impacts. Diseases in particular are often measured via the rate at which a lesion moves across a coral (lesion progression rate) to determine the impact of those lesions and also to compare virulence across species, regions, and disease types. Lesion progression can even be used as a field indicator for disease identification. Many different methodologies have been used to measure lesion progression rates. These may be field-based or photographic measurements, and they include linear progression rates as well as areal progression rates. All methods have pros and cons, including varying levels of accuracy and repeatability, variability with respect to colony and lesion sizes, and time and computational requirements. Additionally, not all metrics can be directly compared, and so experiments done with the intent to compare with previous work must consider methodologies used in former studies. Areal progression rates have high variability, but can provide impressive information on overall tissue loss. Overall, linear lesion progression rates provide more accurate and less variable assessments of loss, and are better used for comparisons. Using the average of multiple linear measurements may further increase precision. Measuring from photographs rather than direct field measurements provides a more permanent and repeatable record, but outside of directly planar surfaces is likely to yield inaccuracies. The emerging use of 3-D photogrammetry can overcome many of these limitations, but the methods require considerable time and computational power. The pros and cons of each methodology should be assessed during experimental design to best answer the hypotheses in question as well as consider whether comparisons to other studies are valid.
A study on the pathways and their interannual variability of the Fukushima-derived tracers in the northwestern Pacific
Authors: Kim Sang-Yeob , Lee Ho Jin , Jung Kyung Tae , Kim Haejin , Kim Kyeong Ok
Published: March 2024

This study investigates that the subsurface pathways, travel time, and its interannual variability of Fukushima-derived tracers subducted with the North Pacific subtropical mode water (NPSTMW) using 22-year-long (1994–2015) eddy-resolving (1/12°) and eddy-permitting (1/4°) ocean reanalysis. The NPSTMW is a thick subsurface layer with low potential vorticity and relatively uniform potential density, making it a key indicator of the North Pacific oceanic conditions. A series of Lagrangian particle tracking simulations quantitatively revealed that the Fukushima-derived particles moved along the Kuroshio Extension (KE) and spread over the majority of the subtropical region in the northwestern Pacific within 4–5 years. Approximately 36% of the particles flowed eastward in the Kuroshio-Oyashio transition zone (KO) and thereafter re-emerged to the sea surface at the remote area (near dateline), and 30% of particles moved along the KE. The remaining 34% subducted into NPSTMW layer and then widely spread out to the subtropical region along the re-circulation gyre (RG), exhibiting a subsurface pathway during entire particle tracking. When the particles were released, their pathway was immediately determined, whether it flowed along the KO (>36°N), KE (30°–36°N), or RG (<30°N). Furthermore, the interannual variability of the pathways was significantly associated with the dynamic states of KE, such as the path length of the Kuroshio jet. This result implies that understanding the subsurface dynamics and its variability of the KE and NPSTMW is crucial for predicting the dispersion of radioactive materials in the subsurface layer and its potential impact.
Rheological and chemical indices to characterize long-term oxidative aging of SBS/rubber composite-modified asphalt binders
Authors: Chen Suhua , Zhuo Shangzhi , Xu Gang , Chen Xianhua , Yu Lin , Xu Qi
Published: March 2024

Oxidative aging of asphalt binders seriously affects the durability of asphalt pavements and causes early damage. Hence, appropriate indices that could track the extent of asphalt binder aging are of great importance to the material selection, design, and maintenance of asphalt pavement. This paper aims to select the applicable rheological and chemical indices to characterize oxidative aging degrees of polymer-modified asphalt binders. Styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt and two kinds of SBS/crumb rubber compound-modified asphalt were subjected to a rolling thin-film oven (RTFO) test and 20 h, 40 h, and 60 h pressure aging vessel (PAV) tests. Various rheological experiments at different temperature ranges were applied to obtain rheological indices, including complex shear modulus (|G*|), G–R parameter, and J′ (derivative of creep compliance). A range of chemical indices were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicate that the carbonyl index is strongly correlated with PAV aging time. |G*| at 52°C and J′ values at −18°C are the two most promising rheological indices to track the oxidative aging of asphalt binders and relate well to the chemical changes induced by PAV aging. In addition, the G–R parameter is problematic in some instances when used as the rheological index because its accuracy depends on the precise fitting of master curves.
Clinical observation of a modified technique for intrascleral fixation of flanged three-piece foldable intraocular lenses through a Hoffman pocket
Authors: Ye Hongfei , Wu Mengxiao , Sun Wan , Lyu Jiao , Xu Yu , Fei Ping , Peng Jie , Jin Haiying , Zhao Peiquan
Published: March 2024

Purpose

To present the outcomes of a new technique for intrascleral fixation of a flanged three-piece foldable intraocular lens (IOL) without a conjunctival incision.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 12 eyes of 12 patients who underwent scleral IOL fixation using this technique.

Results

The follow-up period ranged 3–12 months. There was a significant improvement in best-corrected visual acuity, from 0.8 (1.6) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) preoperatively to 0.45 (0.8) logMAR at the final postoperative follow-up (p = 0.012). Notable complications included one case of pupillary IOL capture and increased intraocular pressure.

Conclusion

Our novel technique is a viable solution for managing secondary IOL fixation, enabling the use of a wider variety of IOLs and simplifying the reposition process for dislocated three-piece IOLs. This approach has the potential to lower complication rates and enhance patients’ recovery.
Exploring the microbial ecosystem of Berchemia polyphylla var. leioclada: a comprehensive analysis of endophytes and rhizospheric soil microorganisms
Authors: Tang Yuanjiang , Zhou Sixuan , Xiao Yuanpin , Zhang Tao , Tao Xiaoyan , Shi Kaizhi , Lu Yuxi , Yang Yueqian , Zhao Yu , Zhao Tian
Published: March 2024

Endophytic and rhizospheric microorganisms associated with plants play a crucial role in plant health, pest and disease defense, and fruit yield by actively participating in the plant’s adaptation to its environment. In this study, high–throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze the community structure and diversity of endophytic and rhizospheric soil microorganisms in Berchemia polyphylla var. leioclada. The results revealed significant differences in microbial diversity and community structure between the soil and plant compartments within the same geographic region. Microbial diversity and species composition varied among different geographic locations. The dominant bacteria in plants were Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria, with dominant genera including Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum, Escherichia-Shigella and Sphingomonas. In contrast, the dominant bacteria in soil were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Actinobacteriota, with dominant genera such as Sphingomonas, Conexibacter and Vicinamibacteraceae, with Sphingomonas was considered core groups present in all plant and soil samples. As for fungi, the dominant phyla in both plants and soil were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota, with different dominant genera between the two compartments, including Fusarium, Septoria, and Mortierella, totaling 59 genera. Linear discriminant analysis at the genus level identified 102 bacterial and 54 fungal indicator taxa associated with plants and soil. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated close interactions among soil bacterial microorganisms. Functional prediction of the top 10 microbial genes revealed three bacterial metabolic pathways shared between soil and plants, while the predominant fungal metabolic types were similar between the two compartments but with varying abundances. This study elucidates the diversity and interplay of endophytic and rhizospheric microorganisms in Berchemia polyphylla var. leioclada across diverse geographical regions, providing insights crucial for the plant’s conservation and development.
Impact of antiplatelet therapy on microvascular thrombosis during ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Khattak Sophia , Townend Jonathan N. , Thomas Mark R.
Published: March 2024

During an acute coronary syndrome, atherosclerotic plaque rupture triggers platelet activation and thrombus formation, which may completely occlude a coronary artery leading to ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Although emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is effective in re-opening the main coronary arteries, the downstream microvasculature can become obstructed by embolised plaque material and thrombus. Dual antiplatelet therapy is recommended by guidelines and used routinely for the management of STEMI to reduce the risk of recurrent atherothrombotic events. However it is unclear to what extent antiplatelet therapy reduces microvascular thrombosis, largely because most tools to assess microvascular thrombosis only became available after antiplatelet therapy was already used in the majority of patients. Platelets play a central role in key aspects of microvascular thrombosis, such as atherosclerotic plaque-induced thrombus development, inflammation and microvascular dysfunction, making them a potential target for novel therapeutic interventions. Currently, more potent antiplatelet agents like GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors may be administered during PCI directly into coronary arteries with high thrombus burden but it is not well-established whether this reduces microvascular thrombosis and they significantly increase the risk of bleeding. In this review article we discuss the role of platelets in microvascular thrombosis, describe how microvascular thrombosis and obstruction can be assessed clinically and explore potential new antiplatelet treatments for this. In particular, we highlight novel antiplatelet drugs targeting the platelet receptor GPVI, as well as PAR4, GPIb-IX-V and 5HT2A receptors. We also discuss the potential benefit of P-selectin inhibitors as they have proven to be effective in reducing microvascular thrombosis in sickle-cell disease which could translate into potential benefits in acute coronary syndrome.
Tackling social anxiety with targeted brain stimulation: investigating the effects of transcranial static magnetic field stimulation on self-focused attention
Authors: Tomita Nozomi , Katayama Hiroki , Kurihara Yuto , Takahashi Toru , Shibata Sumiya , Mima Tatsuya , Osu Rieko , Kumano Hiroaki
Published: March 2024

Previous studies suggested that self-focused attention (SFA), implicated in social anxiety disorder (SAD), correlates with heightened activity in the right frontopolar area (rFPA), which is the right prefrontal cortex just behind the forehead. Transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method capable of temporarily suppressing brain function beneath the magnet. We explored whether tSMS on individuals with tendencies toward SAD elicited (1) suppressing rFPA activation during the resting-state and (2) reducing SFA during a subsequent speech task. Twenty-three university students with social anxiety performed two speech tasks. Between tasks, the tSMS group received neodymium magnet stimulation while the sham group received fake magnet stimulation on the rFPA for 20 min. Resting-state rFPA activities was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), while SFA (body sensations and observer perspective), field perspective, and detached mindfulness (DM) perspective were assessed via questionnaires during both speech tasks. The observer perspective means SFA to self-imagery from others’ viewpoint, while the field and DM perspectives mean appropriately focusing on the external environment. The results indicated that tSMS intervention decreased rFPA activity from pre- to post-intervention rest. Then, tSMS reduced SFA to bodily sensations and increased DM perspective from pre- to post-intervention speech, especially in those with high levels of social anxiety. Furthermore, tSMS enhanced the field perspective regardless of social anxiety tendency. The results suggest that tSMS may suppress overactivity in rFPA, reduce SFA to body sensation, and increase adaptive attention in highly socially anxious individuals. Our study suggests the possibility of the clinical application of tSMS for treating SAD.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for thalamic pain syndrome: case report
Authors: Slade John Benjamin , Kwan Nathan , Lennox Peter , Gray Russell
Published: March 2024

Thalamic pain syndrome is a distressing type of central post-stroke pain (CPSP) that occurs in up to 10% of cases following a cerebrovascular accident, typically with a delayed onset of signs and symptoms, and is often chronic or even life-long. Thalamic pain syndrome, as is the case for other CPSPs, is difficult to treat, and the response is typically moderate at best. Central pain also occurs after vascular insults in parts of the CNS other than the thalamus. Only a few patients present with the classic “Dejerine and Roussy syndrome,” so the term CPSP is preferred for describing neuropathic pain after stroke. There are no pathognomonic features of this syndrome. The thalamus probably has a substantial role in some patients with central pain, either as a pain generator or by abnormal processing of ascending input. Long-term post-stroke pain disorders can reduce the quality of life, affect mood, sleep, and social functioning, and can lead to suicide. Hemi-body pain is common in patients with thalamic lesions. Hyperbaric oxygen has known physiologic and pharmacologic effects with documented benefits in brain-related hemorrhages, acute and chronic stroke, traumatic brain injury, mild cognitive impairment, neurodegenerative diseases, and neuroprotection, but has never been reported as a treatment for thalamic pain syndrome. A 55-year-old man with a history of migraines suffered a right thalamic lacunar infarction following a brain angiogram to investigate a suspected AVM found on prior imaging that resulted in immediate left-sided weakness and numbness, evolving to severe chronic pain and subsequent stiffness. Diagnosed with thalamic pain syndrome, multiple pharmacologic therapies provided only partial relief for a year after the stroke. The patient’s symptoms resolved and quality of life markedly improved with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, as assessed by multiple validated questionnaires, thus it may be a treatment option for thalamic pain syndrome.
Structural volumetric and Periodic Table DTI patterns in Complex Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus—Toward the principles of a translational taxonomy
Authors: Lock Christine , Toh Emma M. S. , Keong Nicole C.
Published: March 2024

Introduction

We previously proposed a novel taxonomic framework to describe the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) profiles of white matter tracts by their diffusivity and neural properties. We have shown the relevance of this strategy toward interpreting brain tissue signatures in Classic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus vs. comparator cohorts of mild traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer’s disease. In this iteration of the Periodic Table of DTI Elements, we examined patterns of tissue distortion in Complex NPH (CoNPH) and validated the methodology against an open-access dataset of healthy subjects, to expand its accessibility to a larger community.

Methods

DTI measures for 12 patients with CoNPH with multiple comorbidities and 45 cognitively normal controls from the ADNI database were derived using the image processing pipeline on the brainlife.io open cloud computing platform. Using the Periodic Table algorithm, DTI profiles for CoNPH vs. controls were mapped according to injury patterns.

Results

Structural volumes in most structures tested were significantly lower and the lateral ventricles higher in CoNPH vs. controls. In CoNPH, significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher mean, axial, and radial diffusivities (MD, L1, and L2 and 3, respectively) were observed in white matter related to the lateral ventricles. Most diffusivity measures across supratentorial and infratentorial structures were significantly higher in CoNPH, with the largest differences in the cerebellum cortex. In subcortical deep gray matter structures, CoNPH and controls differed most significantly in the hippocampus, with the CoNPH group having a significantly lower FA and higher MD, L1, and L2 and 3. Cerebral and cerebellar white matter demonstrated more potential reversibility of injury compared to cerebral and cerebellar cortices.

Discussion

The findings of widespread and significant reductions in subcortical deep gray matter structures, in comparison to healthy controls, support the hypothesis that Complex NPH cohorts retain imaging features associated with Classic NPH. The use of the algorithm of the Periodic Table allowed for greater consistency in the interpretation of DTI results by focusing on patterns of injury rather than an over-reliance on the interrogation of individual measures by statistical significance alone. Our aim is to provide a prototype that could be refined for an approach toward the concept of a “translational taxonomy.”