bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Programação de computadores para alunos do ensino fundamental: A Escola de Hackers
Authors: Teixeira Adriano Canabarro , Oro Neuza Terezinha , Batistela Fernanda , Martins João Alberto Ramos , Pazinato Ariane Mileidi
Published: November 2015

A programação de computadores vêm sendo utilizada como ferramenta nos laboratórios de informática e nas práticas educacionais em instituições escolares de Passo Fundo/RS através do projeto Escola de Hackers, que teve sua primeira edição em 2014, oferecendo oficinas durante o período de maio a dezembro nos laboratórios de informática de vinte e uma Escolas Municipais. As turmas foram formadas por alunos do 6º ao 9º anos do Ensino Fundamental, utilizando o ambiente de programação Scratch. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o projeto Escola de Hackers, sua organização, metodologia e os resultados obtidos na primeira edição.
Tecnologias Computacionais na Educação: Desafios na Prática Docente
Authors: Figueiredo Gislaine Lourenço Rocha , Nobre Isaura Alcina Martins , Passos Marize Lyra Silva
Published: November 2015

Esta pesquisa buscou analisar, a partir da percepção dos professores, os desafios na prática docente diante da utilização de tecnologias computacionais na Educação. A metodologia consiste em pesquisa de campo de caráter exploratório descritivo, com a utilização de questionário como instrumento de coleta de dados. O estudo mostrou que as tecnologias mais utilizadas pelos professores são: internet, email, editor de texto, software de apresentação, redes sociais, projetor, kit multimídia e impressora/scanner/multifuncional. Os desafios enfrentados pelos professores são: explorar as potencialidades dos recursos disponíveis, falta de profissionais para a gestão e manutenção dos laboratórios, infraestrutura física e tecnológica dos laboratórios etc.
O Uso do Jogo Migrando e do Google Earth no Ensino de Geografia para alunos do Ensino Médio
Authors: Jesus Rafael Justino de , Passos Marize Lyra Silva , Nobre Isaura Alcina Martins
Published: November 2015

Novas propostas metodológicas e didáticas devem ser objetos de preocupação entre todos os docentes no sentido de pensar e repensar sua prática profissional. Esta foi uma pesquisa aplicada, qualitativa e quantitativa e exploratória e teve como procedimento técnico o estudo de caso. Seus dados foram levantados por um questionário aplicado a alunos do primeiro e segundo ano do ensino médio de uma escola pública com o objetivo de verificar a sua percepção sobre a utilização do jogo Migrando aplicado ao software Google Earth. Os resultados evidenciaram que o recurso e a atividade possibilitam melhor assimilação do conteúdo e interação entre professor-aluno e aluno-aluno, validando sua utilização no contexto proposto.
Uma Experiência de Uso de Jogos Digitais como Ferramentas de Apoio para Aprendizagem de Inglês por Crianças
Authors: Levay Paula Basto , Falcão Taciana Pontual , Diniz Juliana R. B. , Souza Rodrigo de
Published: November 2015

Este artigo apresenta um relato sobre a utilização de jogos digitais em dispositivos móveis no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Inglês para crianças entre 4 e 6 anos. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar como esses jogos podem estimular situações pedagógicas relevantes para a aprendizagem. Foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa de campo qualitativa em que os dados foram coletados através de registros e observações de aulas e interpretados através do confronto com a teoria. Os resultados apontaram que os jogos digitais apresentaram-se como elemento motivacional e possibilitaram aos alunos revisitar palavras e assimilar inconscientemente vocábulos.
Significação da Aprendizagem Através do Pensamento Computacional no Ensino Médio: uma Experiência com Scratch
Authors: Ramos Fellipe Oliveira , Teixeira Lilian da Silva
Published: November 2015

Este trabalho é resultado da análise de um minicurso intitulado Scratch e Desenvolvimento de Jogos oferecido a alunos de classes do Ensino Médio da Educação Básica. A problemática central apresentada é: em que termos estudantes de Ensino Médio de uma escola pública podem desenvolver atividades de linguagem de programação que exploram o Pensamento Computacional mediante uma ferramenta que promove a aprendizagem significativa? O objetivo principal foi analisar o desempenho de práticas que exploram o Pensamento Computacional com o Scratch. A metodologia que orientou o trabalho foi pesquisa-ação. Conclui-se que os referidos alunos são capazes de interagir e produzir objetos digitais num ambiente de linguagem de programação com êxito e apresentando especificidades
Big Bang: Uma Ferramenta para Ensino-Aprendizado da Classificação Periódica dos Elementos Químicos
Authors: Andrade Breno A. L. , Matos Pablo F. , Santos Daiana F. L. , Santos Wdson C.
Published: November 2015

O software educacional Big Bang visa modernizar e agir como ferramenta facilitadora no ambiente de ensino, possibilitando a fácil interação e aprendizagem dos estudantes sobre a classificação periódica dos elementos através de dicas contextualizadas que promovem o raciocínio, fazendo com que os mesmos aprendam de maneira dinâmica e lúdica. Uma vez que o ambiente da sala de aula necessita se adaptar as novas formas de ensino, constata-se que o Big Bang é uma aplicação promissora. Aplicou-se um questionário com o intuito de classificar os elementos químicos por níveis.
Utilizando o KTouch como uma ferramenta de apoio ao reconhecimento das letras do alfabeto: Um relato de experiência com a turma do EJA
Authors: Santos Ana Katarine de Freitas S. , Pessoa Maérico dos Santos
Published: November 2015

Este artigo aborda o uso do software educacional Ktouch (Touch Typing Tutor) como ferramenta para auxiliar no processo de alfabetização. Os sujeitos da pesquisa são estudantes da 1º Fase da modalidade Educação de Jovens e Adulto (EJA) de uma escola Municipal situada na cidade de Petrolina-PE. Esse trabalho trás uma análise sobre a utilização de um software de digitação como uma prática escolar que pode auxiliar no processo de memorização e reconhecimento das letras do alfabeto.
Brinquedos de Programar na Educação Infantil: Um estudo de Caso
Authors: Raabe André , Rodrigues Alzira Josiane , Santana André , Vieira Marli V. , do Rosário Tatiane , Carneiro Ana Carolina
Published: November 2015

O artigo relata a experiência de uso de brinquedos de programar na Educação Infantil em um estudo de caso com 15 crianças de 4 e 5 anos de idade. Brinquedos de programar realizam ações programadas pelas crianças e proporcionam uma forma lúdica de trabalhar conceitos matemáticos e de resolução de problemas neste público. As atividades realizadas são relatadas no artigo seguidas de reflexões apoiadas nos registros das observações de campo. As conclusões indicam a validade do brinquedo de programar enquanto instrumento pedagógico e discutem a dificuldade de compreensão do movimento de rotação do brinquedo pelas crianças.
Aprendendo sobre o uso de Jogos Digitais na Educação
Authors: Victal Enza Rafaela de Nadai , Pereira Junior Heraclito Amancio , Rios Patricia Teodoro Gaudio , Menezes Crediné Silva de
Published: November 2015

Este artigo relata aprendizagens e experiências ocorridas em disciplinas sobre jogos digitais aplicados à Educação de programa de pós-graduação em informática, além de diretrizes que podem auxiliar professores interessados em ensinar utilizando os jogos digitais como ferramentas pedagógicas ou mesmo ministrar disciplinas sobre jogos digitais aplicados à Educação. Além das vantagens da utilização dos jogos digitais em relação aos métodos e ferramentas educacionais tradicionais, destacam-se aqui outros aspectos tais como: as formas de sua utilização, a integração com os conteúdos dos programas de disciplinas e o papel do professor como mediador das aprendizagens.
Formação Inicial Docente para as TDIC: Análise a Partir do Curso de Pedagogia do Campus Central da UFRN
Authors: Monteiro Jales A. A. , Maia Dennys Leite , Lima Dilberto C. , Pires Glice R. , Rego Lilian K. F. do
Published: November 2015

Abordamos no presente artigo a questão da formação inicial de professores para o uso das TDIC na educação no âmbito dos cursos presenciais de pedagogia do campus central da UFRN. Por meio da análise das disciplinas a estes ofertadas no período de 2011 até o presente, pudemos perceber nos mesmos que ainda há um déficit na inserção das TDIC com enfoque pedagógico.
O uso da ferramenta cognitiva Fórum no processo de ensino-aprendizagem na modalidade a distância
Authors: Sondermann Danielli Veiga Carneiro , Baldo Yvina Pavan
Published: November 2015

Este artigo de cunho qualitativo, apresenta um recorte de uma pesquisa-ação na área de Design Educacional Inclusivo sobre as configurações da ferramenta cognitiva Fórum e os impactos causados na interação do aluno-aluno, aluno-tutor e aluno-professor. A pesquisa foi realizada em um curso de formação para Educação a Distância em uma instituição pública de ensino. A pesquisa-ação foi organizada com três grupos focais: Grupo 1 - equipe de produção, Grupo 2 - Professores; Grupo 3 - Alunos, dentre os alunos um com deficiência visual e três surdos. Os resultados reforçam a importância da forma de mediação como fator de sucesso para a construção do conhecimento.
Criando Jogos Digitais para a aprendizagem de matemática no ensino fundamental I
Authors: Shimohara Cintia , Sobreira Elaine Silva Rocha
Published: November 2015

Atualmente há uma reflexão e discussão sobre o uso de jogos integrados ao conteúdo curricular, aliando a ludicidade daqueles à aprendizagem. Com as novas formas de pensar a integração das tecnologias para um uso de criação e não apenas de consumo, práticas de produção de jogos estão sendo desenvolvidas a fim de expandir o potencial criativo dos alunos para a produção de tecnologias. Este artigo descreve o trabalho desenvolvido no ano de 2015 em uma instituição escolar, com 4 turmas do 5º ano do ensino fundamental I, cujos alunos desenvolveram jogos digitais com desafios de matemática, aliando o poder motivador dos jogos à criação de desafios.
Clinical relevance of genomic signatures of type 2 inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Vorster Morné
Published: November 2015

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Enseigner une « gymnastique d’ouverture à l’autre » : pour la transmission d’un art vivant
Authors: Villeneuve Lucie
Published: November 2015

Cet article expose les principes fondamentaux sur lesquels s’appuie mon enseignement. La pédagogie du théâtre commande que le futur enseignant possède des qualités pédagogiques intrinsèquement liées à la pratique artistique, dont la principale est de s’appuyer sur « une gymnastique d’ouverture à l’autre », une condition sine qua non pour qu’émerge le jeu. L’enseignement de l’art dramatique exige donc un travail sur le climat de la classe, tout autant qu’un travail d’entraîneur et un travail sur le matériau de la langue, afin d’aider le jeune du milieu scolaire à accéder à l’espace fictionnel. Par la médiation du personnage, l’élève découvre son identité et s’ouvre à l’altérité; il s’ensuit une série de rencontres qui sont sources de transformation.
L’enseignement du théâtre social à l’école : réflexions sur la mobilisation des élèves en tant que citoyens créateurs
Authors: Wendell Ney
Published: November 2015

Cet article montre l’importance de l’enseignement du théâtre social dans les cours d’art dramatique à l’école secondaire. Ce type de théâtre suit les orientations actuelles pour l’éducation civique. Dans chaque production théâtrale, l’élève est vu et engagé en tant que citoyen créateur qui se mobilise pour transformer l’école et la communauté. Pour expliciter cette démarche, l’article est constitué de trois parties. La première présente les concepts généraux du théâtre social à l’école dans une perspective pédagogique et esthétique du processus d’enseignement en classe. La seconde affirme que cette création théâtrale mobilise les élèves en tant qu’investigateurs, citoyens engagés et créateurs interculturels. Pour conclure, quelques exemples d’activités sont proposés, lesquels valorisent les approches pratiques afin que les enseignants puissent les appliquer en classe. Cet article pose un regard sur l’école actuelle qui commande de nouvelles façons d’amener les jeunes à l’action citoyenne à travers le théâtre social.
L’envers du décor du Temps sauvage d’Anne Hébert
Authors: Tanguay Annie
Published: November 2015

Dans cet article, l’auteure présente la genèse de la pièce Le temps sauvage d’Anne Hébert, oeuvre phare de sa production dramatique composée sur plus de sept ans. S’intéressant d’abord aux brouillons des années 1950, elle dégage les variantes d’écriture les plus significatives qui touchent au traitement des personnages féminins et du paysage. Elle montre ensuite l’important changement de dynamique qui s’opère, en mars 1960, par l’ajout d’un personnage de curé : le traitement critique de la question religieuse sera dès lors de plus en plus affirmé.
Nanocrystallized layer formed by sliding wear under high stress for pure Cu
Authors: Sato Hisashi , Tsuzuki Ryo , Kaneko Yuya , Watanabe Yoshimi
Published: November 2015

When metallic materials become worn, a nanocrystallized layer is often observed under the worn surface. This layer is called the wear-induced layer (WIL). In this study, the mechanism behind the formation of the WIL by sliding wear under high stress for pure Cu is investigated. The microstructure around the worn surface changes discontinuously between the WIL and the plastically deformed region (PDR). The grain size in the WIL is much smaller than that in the PDR, whereas grains in the PDR underneath the WIL are refined by huge strain due to wear. From the results of crystallographic texture analysis, the WIL has recrystallization texture, whereas deformation texture with a 〈110〉 fiber is observed in the PDR. Hence, in the WIL, frictional heat causes recrystallization, which induces further grain refinement. It is concluded that the WIL is formed by both severe plastic deformation (SPD) due to wear and the recrystallization due to frictional heat.
Effect of the filtration of PbI2 solution for zinc oxide nanowire based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Rahman Md. Mijanur , Uekawa Naofumi , Shiba Fumiyuki , Okawa Yusuke , Sakai Masatoshi , Yamamoto Kazunuki , Kudo Kazuhiro , Konishi Takehisa
Published: November 2015

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) are grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates via a simple reactive evaporation method without the presence of any catalysts or additives. The ZnO NWs show high crystallinity and preferential elongation along the c-axis of the hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. The highly crystalline NWs as electron transporting layer have been used to fabricate the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells and their photovoltaic performance were investigated. In this report, we studied the effect of filtration of PbI2-solution on surface morphology of CH3NH3PbI3 layer. Spin-coating of the filtered PbI2-solution leads to a better crystallization and relatively homogenous coverage of the CH3NH3PbI3 film, resulting in an enhancement of the solar cell efficiency compared to the cell fabricated using non-filtrated PbI2-solution. By synthesizing the CH3NH3PbI3 film using filtrated PbI2-solution, we achieved the best power conversion efficiency of 4.8% with a current density of 7.6 mA cm−2, the open circuit voltage of 0.79 V and fill factor of 0.63.
Effects of conductivity perturbations in time‐dependent global electric circuit model
Authors: Jánský Jaroslav , Pasko Victor P.
Published: November 2015

This paper contributes to the understanding of the influence of conductivity perturbations on the ionospheric potential in the Earth's global electric circuit (GEC). The conductivity perturbations appearing in the middle atmosphere produced by γ ray bursts from magnetars are studied first. The transient response of the ionospheric potential is modeled in this case, and timescales of interest are identified (0.01–10s). In this case modification of ionospheric potential is small. Additionally, the principal effects of topography and reduction of conductivity inside the thundercloud are studied. Both of these factors effectively increase the ionospheric potential for a classic source in the GEC represented by a current dipole leading to formation of two main charge centers of the thunderstorm. On the other hand, for GEC including topography and conductivity reduction in thunderclouds the contribution of sequence of negative cloud‐to‐ground lightning discharges to the ionospheric potential is decreased. Simulation results show a very good agreement with equivalent circuit models for conductivity perturbations with horizontal dimensions exceeding 20 km.
Hydration of marginal basins and compositional variations within the continental lithospheric mantle inferred from a new global model of shear and compressional velocity
Authors: Tesoniero Andrea , Auer Ludwig , Boschi Lapo , Cammarano Fabio
Published: November 2015

We present a new global model of shear and compressional wave speeds for the entire mantle, partly based on the data set employed for the shear velocity model savani. We invert Rayleigh and Love surface waves up to the sixth overtone in combination with major P and S body wave phases. Mineral physics data on the isotropic δlnVS/δlnVP ratio are taken into account in the form of a regularization constraint. The relationship between VP and VS that we observe in the top 300 km of the mantle has important thermochemical implications. Back‐arc basins in the Western Pacific are characterized by large VP/VS and not extremely low VS at ∼150 km depth, consistently with presence of water. Most pronounced anomalies are located in the Sea of Japan, in the back‐arc region of the Philippine Sea, and in the South China Sea. Our results indicate the effectiveness of slab‐related processes to hydrate the mantle and suggest an important role of Pacific plate subduction also for the evolution of the South China Sea. We detect lateral variations in composition within the continental lithospheric mantle. Regions that have been subjected to rifting, collisions, and flood basalt events are underlain by relatively large VP/VS ratio compared to undeformed Precambrian regions, consistently with a lower degree of chemical depletion. Compositional variations are also observed in deep lithosphere. At ∼200 km depth, mantle beneath Australia and African cratons has comparable positive VS anomalies with other continental regions, but VP is ∼1% higher.
Forcing mechanisms governing diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variability in the boundary layer depths: Five years of continuous lidar observations over a suburban site near Paris
Authors: Pal Sandip , Haeffelin Martial
Published: November 2015

The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) depth, zi, is a fundamental variable of ABL and a climatologically important quantity. The exchange of energy between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere is governed by turbulent mixing processes in the daytime ABL, and thus, zi is important for scaling turbulence and diffusion in both meteorological and air quality models. A long‐term data set of zi was derived at the Site Instrumental de Recherche par Télédétection Atmosphérique (SIRTA) observatory near Paris, using measurements obtained from a ground‐based vertically pointing aerosol lidar and an autonomous algorithm STRAT+. Using multiparameter observational data sets covering a 5 year period (October 2008 to September 2013), this study aims to explore two interconnected ABL research topics: brief climatology involving multiscale temporal zi variability (diurnal, seasonal, annual, and interannual) and the relationship between zi and near‐surface thermodynamic parameters to determine meteorological processes governing zi variability. Both the zi and the growth rate over SIRTA showed large seasonal variability with higher mean values in spring (1633 m and 225 m h−1) and summer (1947 m and 247 m h−1) than in autumn (1439 m and 196 m h−1) and winter (1033 m and 149 m h−1). Seasonal variability of daytime maximum zi is found to be strongly and linearly correlated with downwelling solar radiation at the surface (r = 0.92), while the dependence between daytime maximum zi and sensible heat flux (SHF) at seasonal scales is not fully linear, in particular, for summer months. Interannual variability is studied using deseasonalized monthly‐mean anomalies of each variable. Conditional sampling and linear regression analyses between the anomalies of deseasonalized SHF and daytime maximum zi, show (1) stronger correlation between the two parameters for the soil conditions compared to the wet soil conditions, (2) that zi anomalies were more dependent on SHF anomalies for negative than for positive boundary layer wind speed anomalies, and (3) in the summer season, zi anomalies varied more consistently with SHF anomalies for conditions with negative cloud cover anomalies than in conditions with positive cloud cover anomalies.
Dynamics of surge‐type glaciers in West Kunlun Shan, Northwestern Tibet
Authors: Yasuda Takatoshi , Furuya Masato
Published: November 2015

Here we examine 31 glaciers in the West Kunlun Shan of the northwestern Tibetan Plateau and identify 9 as surge type. The method is based on satellite synthetic aperture radar and Landsat optical images, the former going back to 1992, the latter to 1972. To identify surge‐type glaciers, we consider temporal changes in velocity, changes in glacier terminus position, propagation of a surge bulge, presence of looped and/or contoured medial moraines, and extensive crevassing. Other than the nine surge‐type glaciers, we identify two that have likely surged, and six that may be surge type. But no glacier surges more than once during the observation period, meaning that the recurrence interval exceeds 42 years. In addition, we examine the evolution of the surface velocities at two surging glaciers with the unprecedented temporal resolution of down to 11 days over ∼7 years. The results show clear seasonal modulations by as much as ∼200% in early winter against those in early summer. This seasonal modulation in surface velocity suggests the presence of surface meltwater that reroutes through the englacial and subglacial drainage systems. Thus, our findings suggest that the hydrological processes originating in the surface meltwater play an important role in maintaining the yearlong active surging phase.
The elusive nature of the Rheic Ocean suture in SW Iberia
Authors: Pérez‐Cáceres I. , Martínez Poyatos D. , Simancas J. F. , Azor A.
Published: November 2015

The Rheic Ocean suture resulted from pre‐Carboniferous oceanic subduction followed by Late Devonian‐Carboniferous Variscan collision. In SW Iberia, this suture has been classically located along the boundary between the Ossa‐Morena and South Portuguese Zones based on the presence of three units: (i) a conspicuous metamafic unit (Beja‐Acebuches) that crops out along this boundary and has been interpreted as a pre‐Carboniferous Rheic Ocean ophiolite; (ii) a low‐grade metasedimentary unit with minor mid‐ocean ridge basalt‐like lithologies (Pulo do Lobo unit), thought to represent a Rheic Ocean subduction‐related accretionary prism; and (iii) the allochthonous Cubito‐Moura unit that contains high‐pressure and ophiolitic‐like rocks. We report new structural and geochronological data that allow us to reinterpret the origin and internal structure of the Beja‐Acebuches and the Pulo do Lobo units. Thus, both the Beja‐Acebuches protoliths and the Pulo do Lobo metabasalts would have been formed in the context of an intracollisional extensional stage that interrupted the Variscan collision at early Carboniferous time, after the Rheic Ocean consumption, and the first continental collision. Later on, collision was resumed in an oblique left‐lateral regime that gave way to coeval frontal (folds and thrusts) and lateral (shear zones and strike‐slip faults) structures, with variable pressure‐temperature conditions and space distribution along time. As a consequence of the superposition of transtension and complex transpression, the Rheic suture in SW Iberia has an obscure nearly cryptic appearance.
Quantified CSF antibody reactivity against myelin in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sun Xingwen , Bakhti Mostafa , Fitzner Dirk , Schnaars Mareike , Kruse Niels , Coskun Ünal , Kremser Christiane , Willecke Klaus , Kappos Ludwig , Kuhle Jens , Simons Mikael
Published: November 2015

Background

Synthesis of clonal IgG is a consistent feature of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Whether oligoclonal bands (OCBs) represent unspecific disease bystanders or active components in MS pathology is an open question. The aim of this study was to develop a method to quantify and compare the reactivity of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antibodies from patients with and without MS.

Methods

We collected CSF from 262 patients from two different cohorts, which included 148 patients with MS and 114 with other neurological diseases (OND). We established a highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL)‐based assay to measure CSF antibody reactivity against purified myelin particles and biotin anchored liposomes. The diagnostic value of the ECL score against myelin particles was assessed with receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results

CSF from patients with MS have higher reactivity toward purified myelin particles as compared to those with OND with OCBs. Using liposomes with defined lipid compositions and myelin particles from ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2) knockout mice, we find that some of the CSF antibody reactivity is directed against cerebrosides.

Conclusion

The ECL‐based assay system expands the currently available toolbox for the detection of autoantibodies in MS and related diseases.
Wave Band Adjustable Infrared Filtering via Mott Transition of Nano Ti2O3
Authors: Yan Weiwei , Zhang Lide , Zhang Junxi , Fei Guangtao
Published: November 2015

The Mott transition of Ti2O3 nano powders is systematically investigated. It is found that in the Mott transition of Ti2O3 nano powders, the infrared transmittance declines gradually with temperature rising. The curves of the infrared transmittance at the highest and lowest temperature present a “trumpet” shape ranging from 13.3 to 5.9 µm in wavelength. The “trumpet” feature of nano Ti2O3 can be applied to realize the large and adjustable wave band in infrared filtering. The filtering band covers from short to long wavelengths with temperature rising. The big difference in infrared transmittance at 13.3 µm is determined by grain size distribution.
Stimuli‐Directing Self‐Organized 3D Liquid‐Crystalline Nanostructures: From Materials Design to Photonic Applications
Authors: Wang Ling , Li Quan
Published: November 2015

3D photonic nanostructures with desirable functionalities in the visible light region and beyond have been recently given vast and increasing attentions because of the ability to control or confine electromagnetic waves in all three dimensions. Although substantial progress has been made in fabricating 3D nanostructures by means of lithography and nanotechnology, various bottlenecks still need to be overcome, and developing soft 3D stimuli‐directed nanostructures with tailored properties remains a challenging but exciting work. In this context, soft nanotechnology—i.e., exploiting self‐organized soft materials in nanotechnology—is emerging as a vibrant and burgeoning field of research in the bottom‐up nanofabrication of intelligent stimuli‐driven 3D photonic materials and devices. Liquid‐crystalline materials undoubtedly represent such a marvelous dynamic system that combines the liquid‐like fluidity and crystal‐like ordering from molecular to macroscopic material levels. Importantly, being “soft” makes the materials responsive to various stimuli such as temperature, light, mechanical force, and electric and magnetic fields as well as chemical and electrochemical reactions, resulting in a fascinating tunability of dynamic photonic bandgaps in the 3D nanostructure that provides numerous opportunities in all‐optical integrated circuits and next‐generation communication systems. Here, the development of 3D photonic nanostructures is reviewed, culminating with perspectives for the future scope and challenges of these emerging soft 3D photonic nanostructures towards device applications.
High‐Performance Supercapacitor Applications of NiO‐Nanoparticle‐Decorated Millimeter‐Long Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays via an Effective Supercritical CO2‐Assisted Method
Authors: Cheng Junye , Zhao Bin , Zhang Wenkang , Shi Feng , Zheng Guangping , Zhang Deqing , Yang Junhe
Published: November 2015

Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles are distributed uniformly in the vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays (VACNTs) with millimeter thickness by an effective supercritical carbon dioxide‐assisted method. The as‐prepared VACNT/NiO hybrid structures are used as electrodes without binders and conducting additives for supercapacitor applications. Due to the synergetic effects of NiO and VACNTs with nanoporous structures and parallel 1D conductive paths for electrons, the supercapacitors exhibit a high capacitance of 1088.44 F g−1. Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor is assembled using the as‐synthesized VACNTs/NiO hybrids as the positive electrode and the VACNTs as the negative electrode. Remarkably, the energy density of the asymmetric supercapacitor is as high as 90.9 Wh kg−1 at 3.2 kW kg−1 and the maximum power density reaches 25.6 kW kg−1 at 24.9 Wh kg−1, which are superior to those of the NiO or VACNTs‐based asymmetric supercapacitors. More importantly, the asymmetric supercapacitors exhibit capacitance retention of 87.1% after 2000 cycles at 5 A g−1. The work provides a novel approach in decorating highly dense and long VACNTs with active materials, which are promising electrodes for supercapacitors with ultrahigh power density and energy density.
Water‐Powered Cell‐Mimicking Janus Micromotor
Authors: Wu Zhiguang , Li Jinxing , de Ávila Berta Esteban‐Fernández , Li Tianlong , Gao Weiwei , He Qiang , Zhang Liangfang , Wang Joseph
Published: November 2015

Cell derivatives have received increasing attention due to their unique ability to mimic many of the natural properties displayed by their source cells. Integration of cell‐derived natural materials with synthetic subjects can be applied toward the development of novel biomedical nano/microscale devices for a wide range of applications, including drug delivery and biodetoxification. Herein, a cell membrane functionalized magnesium‐based Janus micromotor, powered by water, that mimics natural motile cells is reported. The new cell‐mimicking Janus micromotor is constructed by integrating red blood cell (RBC) membranes, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and alginate (ALG) onto the exposed surface areas of magnesium microparticles that are partially embedded in Parafilm. The resulting RBC membrane‐coated magnesium (RBC‐Mg) Janus micromotors display an efficient and guided propulsion in water without any external fuel, as well as in biological (albumin‐rich) media with no apparent biofouling, mimicking the movement of natural motile cells. The effective RBC membrane coating bestows the RBC‐Mg Janus micromotors with unique capability for absorbing and neutralizing both biological protein toxins and nerve agent simulants. Such detoxification ability is facilitated greatly by the water‐driven motion of the motors. The RBC‐Mg Janus micromotors represent an exciting progress toward cell‐mimicking microscale motors that hold great promise for diverse biomedical and biodefense applications.
Recent Progress in Cobalt‐Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Jiahai , Cui Wei , Liu Qian , Xing Zhicai , Asiri Abdullah M. , Sun Xuping
Published: November 2015

Water electrolysis is considered as the most promising technology for hydrogen production. Much research has been devoted to developing efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen production via the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen production via the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The optimum electrocatalysts can drive down the energy costs needed for water splitting via lowering the overpotential. A number of cobalt (Co)‐based materials have been developed over past years as non‐noble‐metal heterogeneous electrocatalysts for HER and OER. Recent progress in this field is summarized here, especially highlighting several important bifunctional catalysts. Various approaches to improve or optimize the electrocatalysts are introduced. Finally, the current existing challenges and the future working directions for enhancing the performance of Co‐implicated electrocatalysts are proposed.
Multiferroic Heterostructures Integrating Ferroelectric and Magnetic Materials
Authors: Hu Jia‐Mian , Chen Long‐Qing , Nan Ce‐Wen
Published: November 2015

Multiferroic heterostructures can be synthesized by integrating monolithic ferroelectric and magnetic materials, with interfacial coupling between electric polarization and magnetization, through the exchange of elastic, electric, and magnetic energy. Although the nature of the interfaces remains to be unraveled, such cross coupling can be utilized to manipulate the magnetization (or polarization) with an electric (or magnetic) field, known as a converse (or direct) magnetoelectric effect. It can be exploited to significantly improve the performance of or/and add new functionalities to many existing or emerging devices such as memory devices, tunable microwave devices, sensors, etc. The exciting technological potential, along with the rich physical phenomena at the interface, has sparked intensive research on multiferroic heterostructures for more than a decade. Here, we summarize the most recent progresses in the fundamental principles and potential applications of the interface‐based magnetoelectric effect in multiferroic heterostructures, and present our perspectives on some key issues that require further study in order to realize their practical device applications.
Toxizität von Graphenoxid: Endoperoxide als Ursache
Authors: Pieper Hanna , Chercheja Serghei , Eigler Siegfried , Halbig Christian E. , Filipovic Milos R. , Mokhir Andriy
Published: November 2015

Potentielle biomedizinische Anwendungen von Graphenoxid (GO), z. B. als Träger von Biomolekülen, Reagentien für die photothermische Therapie oder Biosensoren, werden durch die Zytotoxizität und Mutagenität dieses Materials eingeschränkt. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass diese Eigenschaften zumindest zum Teil auf eine von GO verursachte Erhöhung des oxidativen Stresses in Zellen zurückzuführen ist. Es ist jedoch nicht bekannt, auf welchen chemischen Fragmenten dieser ungünstige Effekt beruht. In dieser Arbeit wurden vier GOs entwickelt, welche verschiedene redoxaktive Gruppen wie Mn2+, C‐zentrierte Radikale sowie Endoperoxide (EPs) auf der Oberfläche besitzen. Der Vergleich der Fähigkeit der Materialien, reaktive Sauerstoffspezies in humanen Gebärmutterhalskrebszellen zu generieren, zeigt, dass EPs eine entscheidende Rolle im GO‐induzierten oxidativen Stress spielen. Diese Ergebnisse können für die gezielte Entwicklung von biokompatiblem und nicht‐toxischem GO für biomedizinische Anwendungen verwendet werden.
Semiconductive Nanotube Array Constructed from Giant [PbII18I54(I2)9] Wheel Clusters
Authors: Wang Guan‐E , Xu Gang , Liu Bin‐Wen , Wang Ming‐Sheng , Yao Ming‐Shui , Guo Guo‐Cong
Published: November 2015

Crystalline nanotube array would create great opportunity for novel electrical application. Herein we report the first example of a metal halide based crystalline nanotube array which is constructed from an unprecedented giant [PbII18I54(I2)9] wheel cluster, as determined by synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. The electrical properties of the single crystal were studied and the present compound shows typical semiconductivity and highly anisotropic conductivity.
Stufenweise Bildung eines 1,3‐Butadien‐Analogons aus gemischten schwereren Elementen der Gruppe 15
Authors: Seidl Michael , Balázs Gábor , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Scheer Manfred
Published: November 2015

Die Reaktion des Phosphinidenkomplexes [Cp*P{W(CO)5}2] (1 a) mit Di‐tert‐butylcarboimidophosphen führt zur P‐C‐Käfigverbindung 6 und dem Lewis Säure‐Base‐Addukt [Cp*P{W(CO)5}2(CNtBu)] (2 a). Der analoge Arsinidenkomplex bildet dagegen bei tiefen Temperaturen den Arsaphosphenkomplex [{W(CO)5}{η2‐(Cp*)AsP(tBu)}{W(CO)5}] (3), der bei diesen Temperaturen mit einem zweiten Äquivalent an Carboimidophosphen zu [{W(CO)5}{η2‐{(Cp*)(tBu)P}AsP(tBu)}{W(CO)5}] (5) reagiert, wahrscheinlich durch Insertion einer Phosphiniden‐Einheit (tBuP) in eine As‐C‐Bindung. Bei Raumtemperatur führt eine Radikalreaktion von 3 zu [{(tBu)PAsAsP(tBu)}{W(CO)5}4] (4), dem ersten neutralen 1,3‐Butadien‐Analogon, das ausschließlich gemischte schwerere Elemente der Gruppe 15 enthält. Verbindung 4 setzt sich aus zwei P‐As‐Doppelbindungen zusammen, die über die Arsenatome verbunden sind.
Borane‐Catalyzed Reductive α‐Silylation of Conjugated Esters and Amides Leaving Carbonyl Groups Intact
Authors: Kim Youngchan , Chang Sukbok
Published: November 2015

Described herein is the development of the B(C6F5)3‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of α,β‐unsaturated esters and amides to afford synthetically valuable α‐silyl carbonyl products. The α‐silylation occurs chemoselectively, thus leaving the labile carbonyl groups intact. The reaction features a broad scope of both acyclic and cyclic substrates, and the synthetic utility of the obtained α‐silyl carbonyl products is also demonstrated. Mechanistic studies revealed two operative steps: fast 1,4‐hydrosilylation of conjugated carbonyls and then slow silyl group migration of a silyl ether intermediate.
Stepwise Formation of a 1,3‐Butadiene Analogue of Mixed Heavier Group 15 Elements
Authors: Seidl Michael , Balázs Gábor , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Scheer Manfred
Published: November 2015

The reaction of the phosphinidene complex [Cp*P{W(CO)5}2] (1 a) with di‐tert‐butylcarboimidophosphene leads to the PC cage compound 6 and the Lewis acid–base adduct [Cp*P{W(CO)5}2(CNtBu)] (2 a). In contrast, the arsinidene complex shows a different reactivity. At low temperatures, the arsaphosphene complex [{W(CO)5}{η2‐(Cp*)AsP(tBu)}{W(CO)5}] (3) is formed. At these temperatures, 3 reacts further with a second equivalent of carboimidophosphene to form [{W(CO)5}{η2‐{(Cp*)(tBu)P}AsP(tBu)}{W(CO)5}] (5), probably by the insertion of a phosphinidene unit (tBuP) into an AsC bond. In contrast, at room temperature 3 reacts further by a radical‐type reaction to form [{(tBu)PAsAsP(tBu)}{W(CO)5}4] (4). Compound 4 is the first example of a neutral, 1,3‐butadiene analogue containing only mixed heavier Group 15 elements. It consists of two PAs double bonds connected by arsenic atoms.
Methyl‐, Ethenyl‐, and Ethynyl‐Bridged Cationic Digold Complexes Stabilized by Coordination to a Bulky Terphenylphosphine Ligand
Authors: Espada María F. , Campos Jesús , López‐Serrano Joaquín , Poveda Manuel L. , Carmona Ernesto
Published: November 2015

Reactions of the gold(I) triflimide complex [Au(NTf2)(PMe2Ar)] (1) with the gold(I) hydrocarbyl species [AuR(PMe2Ar)] (2 a–2 c) enable the isolation of hydrocarbyl‐bridged cationic digold complexes with the general composition [Au2(μ‐R)(PMe2Ar)2][NTf2], where Ar=C6H3‐2,6‐(C6H3‐2,6‐iPr2)2 and R=Me (3), CHCH2 (4), or CCH (5). Compound 3 is the first alkyl‐bridged digold complex to be reported and features a symmetric [Au(μ‐CH3)Au]+ core. Complexes 4 and 5 are the first species of their kind that contain simple, unsubstituted vinyl and acetylide units, respectively. In the series of complexes 3–5, the bridging carbon atom systematically changes its hybridization from sp3 to sp2 and sp. Concomitant with this change, and owing to variations in the nature of the bonding within the [Au(μ‐R)Au]+ unit, there is a gradual decrease in aurophilicity, that is, the strength of the Au⋅⋅⋅Au bonding interaction decreases. This change is illustrated by a monotonic increase in the Au–Au distance by approximately 0.3 Å from R=CH3 (2.71 Å) to CHCH2 (3.07 Å) and CCH (3.31 Å).
1,8‐Naphthyridine Derivatives: A Review of Multiple Biological Activities
Authors: Madaan Alka , Verma Ritu , Kumar Vivek , Singh Anu T. , Jain Swatantra K. , Jaggi Manu
Published: November 2015

The 1,8‐naphthyridine group of compounds have gained special attention of researchers on account of their demonstrating a variety of interesting biological activities. A wide range of biological properties establishes them as potent scaffolds in therapeutic and medicinal research. The broad spectrum of activities primarily includes antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, and analgesic activities. 1,8‐Naphthyridine derivatives have also exhibited potential applications in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and depression. In addition, these synthetic derivatives have been found to possess activities such as anti‐osteoporotic (α(v)β(3) antagonists), anti‐allergic, antimalarial, gastric antisecretory, bronchodilator, anticonvulsant, anti‐hypertensive, platelet aggregation inhibition, anti‐oxidant, EGFR inhibition, protein kinase inhibition, ionotropic agent, β‐3 antagonist, MDR modulator, adenosine receptor agonist, adrenoceptor antagonist, and pesticide activities. In spite of the widespread application of the 1,8‐naphythyridine scaffolds, only a limited number of review articles are available till date. In this review, we attempt to compile and discuss the key data available in the literature for the multiple biological activities of 1,8‐naphthyridine derivatives, in a chronological manner. This review compilation (with 199 references) may be helpful in understanding the diverse biological properties of 1,8‐naphthyridines and provide insights into their mechanism of action. This may direct future research in the synthesis of new derivatives and exploring this scaffold for other possible biological activities.
Defect‐Controlled Preparation of UiO‐66 Metal–Organic Framework Thin Films with Molecular Sieving Capability
Authors: Zhang Caiqin , Zhao Yajing , Li Yali , Zhang Xuetong , Chi Lifeng , Lu Guang
Published: November 2015

Metal–organic framework (MOF) UiO‐66 thin films are solvothermally grown on conducting substrates. The as‐synthesized MOF thin films are subsequently dried by a supercritical process or treated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The obtained UiO‐66 thin films show excellent molecular sieving capability as confirmed by the electrochemical studies for redox‐active species with different sizes.
Pentannulation of Heterocycles by Virtue of Precious Metal Catalysis
Authors: Petrović Martina , Occhiato Ernesto G.
Published: November 2015

Pentannulated heterocycles are the key structural subunit of many natural and biologically active compounds. Over the last decades, many precious metal‐assisted pentannulations have been described as a consequence of an extensive research. This Focus Review gives an overview of precious metal‐catalyzed reactions applied to the synthesis of cyclopenta‐fused heterocycles in the last five years.
Improved strategy for recombinant production and purification of antimicrobial peptide tachyplesin I and its analogs with high cell selectivity
Authors: Panteleev Pavel V. , Ovchinnikova Tatiana V.
Published: November 2015

Here, we report an efficient procedure for recombinant production and purification of tachyplesin I (THI) with a final yield of 17 mg/L of the culture medium. The peptide was expressed in Escherichia coli as a part of the thioredoxin fusion protein. With the use of soluble expression followed by immobilized metal–ion affinity chromatography, the recombinant protein cleavage and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography, a yield of THI did not exceed 6.5 mg/L of the culture medium. Further optimization studies were carried out to improve the protein expression level and simplify purification procedure of the target peptide. To achieve better yield of the peptide, we used high‐cell‐density bacterial expression. The formed inclusion bodies were highly enriched with the fusion protein, which allowed us to perform direct chemical cleavage of the inclusion bodies solubilized in 6 M guanidine–HCl with subsequent selective precipitation of proteins with trifluoroacetic acid. This enabled us to avoid an extra step of purification by immobilized metal–ion affinity chromatography. The developed procedure has made it possible to obtain biologically active THI and was used for screening a number of its mutant analogs. As a result, several selective and nonhemolytic analogs were developed. Significant reduction in hemolytic activity without losing antimicrobial activity was achieved by substitution of tyrosine or isoleucine residue in the β‐turn region of the molecule with hydrophilic serine. The present study affords further insight into molecular mechanism of antimicrobial action of tachyplesin and gains a better understanding of structure–activity relationships in its analogs. This is aimed at searching for novel antibiotics on the basis of antimicrobial peptides with reduced cytotoxicity.
Efficient kinetic resolution of (±)‐menthol by a lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus
Authors: De Yan Hong , Li Qin , Wang Zhao
Published: November 2015

A lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipozyme TL IM) exhibited high enantioselectivity for kinetic resolution of (±)‐menthol in organic solvent. The various reaction parameters affecting the conversion and enantioselectivity were studied. The optimum reaction conditions for the transesterification reaction were found with vinyl acetate in the solvent of methyl tert‐butyl ether with a vinyl acetate:(±)‐menthol molar ratio of 5:1 and an enzyme concentration of 200 g/L at 30 °C. In these conditions, (−)‐menthyl acetate with 99.3% enantiomeric excess was obtained, whereas the conversion was 34.7% with the reaction time of 12 H at the substrate concentration of 0.5 M. In addition, the enzyme allowed the substrate loading to be increased up to 1.5 M without the decrease of the enantioselectivity. These results indicated that Lipozyme TL IM was a promising biocatalyst in the resolution of (±)‐menthol.
Exposure Duration‐Dependent Ovarian Recovery in Methoxychlor‐Treated Mice
Authors: Tannenbaum Lawrence V. , Flaws Jodi A.
Published: November 2015

The pesticide methoxychlor (MXC) is known to target ovarian antral follicles in the mouse. In previous in vivo studies, MXC administration for 20 days increased atresia, but did not affect female fertility immediately after dosing. Thus, we hypothesized that perhaps not enough time had elapsed between the onset of MXC‐induced atresia and actual follicle loss to result in reduced fertility. The current study was undertaken to determine whether MXC treatment for 20 days results in reduced antral follicle numbers and fertility at 30 and 60 days after dosing. To test this hypothesis, adult CD‐1 female mice were dosed with vehicle control or MXC (64 mg/kg/day) for 20 days. At 30 and 60 days postdosing, the mice were either subjected to fertility tests or their ovaries were collected and subjected to histological evaluation of follicle numbers and atresia. The results indicate that at 30 days after the completion of dosing, MXC significantly increased atresia and reduced primordial and total follicle numbers, but did not affect fertility compared to controls. At 60 days after completion of dosing, MXC did not significantly affect fertility, follicle numbers, or atresia compared to controls. Collectively, these data indicate that the ovary may be able to recover from MXC treatment for 20 days