bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geo-Environmental Factors and the Effectiveness of Mulberry Leaf Extract in Managing Malaria: A Study in Purulia District, West Bengal, India
Authors: Pradhan Sayantan , Hore Samrat , Roy Stabak , Manna Simi , Dam Paulami , Mondal Rittick , Ghati Amit , Biswas Trishanjan , Sharma Supriya , Singh Waikhom Somraj , Maji Suman Kumar , Roy Sankarsan , Basu Aparajita , Pandey Kailash C , Samanta Soumadri , Vashisht Kapil , Dolai Tuphan Kanti , Kundu Pratip Kumar , Mitra Saptarshi , Biswas Debasish , Shokriyan Masuma , Maity Amit Bikram , Mandal Amit Kumar , Ince Ikbal Agah
Published: June 2023

Malaria prevalence has become medically important as well as a socioeconomic impediment for the endemic regions, including Purulia, West Bengal. Geo-environmental variables, humidity, altitude, and land use patterns are responsible for malaria. For surveillance of the endemic nature of Purulia’s blocks, statistical and spatiotemporal factors analysis have been done here. Also, a novel approach for the Pf malaria treatment using methanolic leaf extract of Morus alba S1 has significantly reduced the parasite load. The EC50 value (1.852) of the methanolic extract of M. alba S1 with P. falciparum 3D7 strain is close to the EC50 value (0.998) of the standard drug chloroquine with the same chloroquine-sensitive strain. Further studies with an in-silico model have shown successful interaction between DHFR and the leaf extract. Both 1-octadecyne and oxirane interacted favourably, which was depicted through GC-MS analysis. The predicted binary logistic regression model will help the policy makers for epidemiological surveillance in malaria-prone areas worldwide when substantial climate variables create a circumstance favourable for malaria. From the in vitro and in silico studies, it can be concluded that the methanolic extract of M. alba S1 leaves is promising and may play an influential role in the Pf malaria treatment in the near future.
Association between stress hyperglycemia ratio and short-term mortality in patients with Craniocerebral diseases: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dong Yukang , Huang Rui , Zhang Longjiu , fu Jiangquan
Published: June 2023

Background the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between admission stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) and ICU and in-hospital mortality in patients with craniocerebral diseases and whether it was affected by pre-admission background glycemia compared to admission glucose. Methods In this retrospective study, the clinical data of 709 patients with craniocerebral diseases was drawn from the MIMIC-IV database. The study's main outcome was ICU and in-hospital mortality. All patients were further categorized by SHR tertiles. The associations between SHR and ICU and in-hospital mortality were assessed using multivariate logistic models, smooth curve fitting, and subgroup analysis. Results In multivariable analysis, SHR was positively associated with ICU and in-hospital mortality, with the OR increased stepwise from level 2 (ICU mortality, OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 0.74–3.83; in-hospital mortality, OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 0.99–3.57) to level 3 (ICU mortality, OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.12–5.45; in-hospital mortality, OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.13–4.04), referred to level 1. Based on smooth curve fitting, background blood glucose levels does not affect this relationship, which increased with SHR levels. In contrast, hyperglycemia at admission was only associated with clinical outcomes in patients without pre-admission background hyperglycemia. Conclusion SHR is an independent risk factor of ICU and in-hospital mortality in patients with craniocerebral diseases. Furthermore, compared to hyperglycemia on admission, background glycemia did not affect the relationship between SHR and mortality in the patients.
Material recognition method to enable adaptive drilling of multi-material aerospace stacks
Authors: HAOUA Abdoulaye Affadine , Rey Pierre-andre , Chérif Mehdi , Abisset Emmanuelle , Yousfi wadii
Published: June 2023

Multi-material stacks comprising composite and metallic layers are widely used in aerospace components. For the assembly of structural part high quality holes are required to ensure the performance of the mechanical fastening (rivet/bolt). On the final assembly lines of aircraft structures, these machining operations are often performed using electric Automated Drilling Unit (eADU). When drilling hybrid stacks, the difference in machinability of the materials (CFRP, titanium alloy and aluminum alloy) makes it difficult to avoid delamination, fiber pullout, matrix degradation, burrs, roughness and size defects. Therefore, each material must be drilled with suitable machining conditions to meet the demanding quality requirements. To this end, automated material detection would allow for the adjustment of appropriate cutting parameters for each material. Due to the numerous stack configurations (material, thickness) and the variability of process parameters (tool geometry, cutting conditions, lubrication, etc.), automated material detection is not an easy task. To address this issue in eADU applications, this paper presents a novel approach to identify during the process the drilled material being manufactured using a Random Forest (RF) machine learning model and multi-sensor data fusion. Cutting forces, vibration, micro-lubrication conditions (flow rate and pressure), and eADU spindle and feed motor currents are monitored on a dedicated drilling test rig. Numerous tests were performed on Al7175/CFRP stacks with different cutting conditions to validate the proposed methodology. Advanced signal processing and analysis in the time and frequency domains are used for feature extraction to identify Al7175 from the CFRP. The input features of the RF model were selected using the feature importance measure embedded in the RF model learning process. The knowledge process of drilling multiple material stacks is also considered. The results showed that the features extracted from the frequency domain are more effective in identifying the CFRP Al7175 than those extracted from the time domain. This optimal subset was then used to build the RF model. The proposed methodology resulted in a highly accurate classification allowing the implementation of an adaptive machining process on the eADU for hybrid stack drilling.
Associations between leisure-time physical activity level and peripheral immune cell populations in the US general population, analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 1999-2018
Authors: Lin Dan , Ba Djibril M. , Muscat Johusa E. , Zhou Shouhao , Rogers Connie J. , Sturgeon Kathleen M.
Published: June 2023

Background: Chronic levels of inflammation are associated with higher risk of many chronic diseases. Physical activity (PA) lowers the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and others. One mechanism for PA-induced protection may be through the immune system. We investigated the association between leisure-time PA and peripheral immune cell populations in a large nationally representative sample of the US general population.
Methods: 17,093 participants (mean (SE) age of 41.6 (0.3) years) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018 were included. Self-reported leisure-time PA was converted to metabolic equivalent of task hours per week (MET-hrs/wk). White blood cell (WBC) count, WBC ratios, and platelet count were derived. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to estimate associations between leisure-time PA level and peripheral immune cell populations. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate associations between leisure-time PA and metrics of WBC count and NLR which may predict mortality.
Results: A higher leisure-time PA level was associated with a lower WBC count (>14.0 vs. <1.2 MET-hrs/wk adjusted mean (95% confidence interval [CI]): 7.12 (6.86, 7.38) vs. 7.38 (7.12, 7.64) 1000 cells/μL, Ptrend <0.001) and a lower neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR; >14.0 vs. <1.2 MET-hrs/wk adjusted mean (95% CI): 2.04 (1.90, 2.18) vs. 2.13 (1.99, 2.28), Ptrend=0.007). Leisure-time PA level was not associated with lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR; Ptrend=0.25) or platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR; Ptrend=0.69). Compared to the lowest leisure-time PA level (<1.2 MET-hrs/wk), the highest leisure-time PA level (≥14.0 MET-hrs/wk) was associated with a lower probability of a high WBC count (>8.1×109 cells; odds ratio [OR]=0.76, 95% CI=0.66-0.88) and high NLR (>2.68; OR=0.84, 95% CI=0.72-0.99), which may predict (CVD) and all-cause mortality. Compared to the lowest leisure-time PA level, the highest leisure-time PA level was associated with a lower probability of a high WBC count (≥8.3×109 cells/L; OR=0.76, 95% CI=0.66-0.88), which may predict cancer mortality.
Conclusions: We observed an inverse association between leisure-time PA level, WBC count, and NLR, particularly for neutrophil levels. These results suggest that participants at higher levels of leisure-time PA may have lower levels of inflammation, which may be important for future chronic disease outcomes.
Tri-stable Electrochromism with Passive Radiative Cooling for Year-Round Building Energy Saving
Authors: Cao Xun , Shao Zewei , huang Aibin , Cao Cuicui , Ji Xiaowei , Hu Wei , Luo Hongjie , Bell John , Jin Ping , Yang Ronggui
Published: June 2023

Building energy consumption for heating and cooling is a critical issue that has garnered wide attention due to its significant impact on global warming and sustainability. In particular, windows account for >20% of building energy loss. There is an urgent need for the independent optimization of thermal radiative properties of windows for tri-band radiation, including visible, near-infrared (NIR), and mid-infrared (MIR). Here we develop a new electrochromic structure for thermal management of windows, which is able to maximize the utilization of both solar radiation of visible and NIR light and radiative cooling of MIR light. We propose a tri-stable electrochromic device (ECD) based on the phase transitions of VO2 and WO3 films. The VO2-WO3 based ECD could realize three different optical states to independently regulate visible and NIR transmittance. Due to the decoupled barrier for opaque state in rutile LixVO2, our device also maintains non-volatility and tri-stability (<10% bleaching over 4 hours). Moreover, we introduce a new approach for thermal regulation by optimizing the emissivity of outside (εMIR-O of 0.79) and inside (εMIR-I of 0.33) electrodes to minimize radiative heat exchange between the indoor and outdoor environments. Outside experiments were performed in Sanya, China, realizing continuous all-day cooling of ~2-8 °C compared to low-e windows on a typical clear sunny day at Southern China latitudes. Simulation shows that this new ECD exhibits a higher heating and cooling energy savings than a commercial low-E glass in most climates around the world. Our findings render great opportunities for the innovative energy-saving window designs that can help achieve global carbon neutrality and sustainability.
Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that ABA increases the salt tolerance of rice significantly correlated with jasmonic acid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis
Authors: Han Chunning , Chen Guanjie , Zheng Dianfeng , Feng Naijie
Published: June 2023

Abscisic acid (ABA) has been shown to mitigate the deleterious effects of abiotic stresses and to regulate plant growth and development. Salinity is one of the important abiotic stresses affecting plant cell metabolism and physiology, which causes serious damages to crops. In this study, we investigated the protective role of exogenous ABA on leaves in response to salinity stress using rice seedlings (two leaf-one heart) subjected to three treatments: ZCK (control), ZS (50 mM NaCl), and ZSA (5 mg/L ABA + 50 mM NaCl). We carried out transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to identify the molecular mechanisms by which ABA protects plants against salt stress. Results showed that 1159 differentially expression genes (DEGs) (916 upregulated, 243 downregulated) and 63 differentially expression metabolites (DEMs) (42 upregulated, 21 downregulated) were identified between the ZS and ZSA treatments, respectively. In addition, ABA pretreatment regulated the expression pattern of genes responsible for oxidation redox, starch and sucrose metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that 16 DEGs and 2 DEMs were involved in Flavonoid biosynthesis and 8 DEGs and 2 DEMs were involved alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism which are responsible for salinity stress tolerance through induced by exogenous ABA. Overall, ABA could enhance rice leaves growth and development mainly by regulating flavonoid biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism pathway.
Kinetics of the Xanthophyll Cycle and its Role in the Photoprotective Memory and Response
Authors: Fleming Graham , Short Audrey , Fay Thomas , Crisanto Thien , Mangal Ratul , Niyogi Krishna , Limmer David
Published: June 2023

Efficiently balancing photochemistry and photoprotection is crucial for survival and productivity of photosynthetic organisms in the rapidly fluctuating light levels found in natural environments. The ability to respond quickly to sudden changes in light level is clearly advantageous. In the alga Nannochloropsis oceanica we observed an ability to respond rapidly to sudden increases in light level which occur soon after a previous high-light exposure. This ability implies a kind of memory. In this work, we explore the xanthophyll cycle in N. oceanica as a photoprotective memory system. By combining snapshot fluorescence lifetime measurements with a biochemistry-based quantitative model we show that both short-term and medium-term “memory” arises from the xanthophyll cycle. In addition, the model enables us to characterize the relative quenching abilities of the three xanthophyll cycle components. Given the ubiquity of the xanthophyll cycle in photosynthetic organisms the model described here will be of utility in improving our understanding of vascular plant photoprotection with important implications for crop productivity.
Mental health and other factors associated with the perception of the improvement of the environment after the first months of the pandemic in Latin America
Authors: Mejia Christian R. , Cifuentes-Lívano Harold R. , Vilcahuaman-Oscanoa Waldo B. , Chavez Dennis Arias , Vilela-Estrada Martin A. , Serna-Alarcón Victor , Zambrano Lysien Ivania , Espinoza-Turcios Eleonora , Requena-Pastorelli Tatiana
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Due to the restrictions of mobility during the first months of the pandemic, an improvement in the environment was observed, but this has not been estimated from the perspective of mental health.
Aim: To determine whether mental health and other factors were associated with the perception of the improvement of the environment after the first months of the pandemic in Latin America.
Methodology: Analytical and multicenter cross-sectional study. Four questions were asked about their perception of change in the environment after a quarter of the pandemic, Alpha of Cronbach: 0,96).
Results: Descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. In the multivariate analysis, an association of a greater perception of environmental change was found according to having moderate or severe stress (RPa: 1,16; IC95%: 1,05-1,28; valor p=0,003) and live in Bolivia (RPa: 1,24; IC95%: 1,10-1,40; valor p<0,001); In contrast, there was less perception of change among men. (RPa: 0,84; IC95%: 0,78-0,90; valor p<0,001), among the youngest (RPa: 0,995; IC95%: 0,992-0,998; valor p=0,003), among those living in Mexico (RPa: 0,80; IC95%: 0,69-0,93; valor p=0,003) and other Latin American countries (RPa: 0,64; IC95%: 0,43-0,98; valor p=0,039), adjusted for level of education and having anxiety. Discussion: The environment changed due to the lack of human activity, but this perception was also associated with mental health status.
Conclusion: A greater perception of environmental change was associated with having moderate/severe stress and living in Bolivia; there was less perception of change among men, in younger men, depending on living in Mexico or in other Latin American countries.
Push and pull factors influencing the choice of a health resort by Polish treatment-seekers
Authors: Godlewska Agnieszka , Mazurek-Kusiak Anna , Soroka Andrzej
Published: June 2023

Background
The objective of the study was to indicate social and psychological (inner) motives associated with the desire and needs of travelling to health resorts (push) as well as external motives resulting from destination's attributes, and explaining the choice of the health tourism establishment (pull) by Polish treatment-seekers divided into two social groups: persons in employment and retired persons. The research hypothesis assumed the two groups of people differ very much in terms of preferences motivating them to participate in health resort tourism, destination choices and services offered by health resort establishments.
Methods
Of the 258 health resorts, 154 establishments were selected for research purposes taking into account a proportional distribution of health resorts throughout Poland. An authorial questionnaire was developed and it included three questions with multiple answers, each answer being assessed on a 5-point Likert scale. The research adds new insights by analysing motives associated with health resort tourism in terms of benefits sought by visitors. The main and strongest motive for choosing health resort tourism is concern for health. In addition to old age pensioners, it was legitimate to analyse the group of employed respondents as their stays at a health resort are undertaken to regain not only physical fitness but also work motivation.
Results
The present study has demonstrated that motives and age groups have a significant effect on destination choice. Based on the results, it can be concluded that these groups often have diverse needs, expectations and, as a result, motives for choosing this form of tourism and a given health resort. What follows is a possibility of dividing the visitors to health resorts in terms of push and pull motives.
Conclusions
The research hypothesis assuming the two groups varied considerably in terms of preferences motivating them to participate in health resort tourism, destination selection and choice of services offered by the health resort establishment has been confirmed. The ramifications of the study's findings may also be relevant for health resort/spa tourism outside of Poland because healthy lifestyle promotion is a worldwide trend.
Enantioseparation and modeling study of selected chiral pharmaceuticals on a commercialized phenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin column using polar organic mode
Authors: Dobó Máté , Ádám Márk , Fiser Béla , Papp Lajos Attila , Sekkoum Khaled , Szabó Zoltán-István , Tóth Gergő
Published: June 2023

The chiral separation capability of Chiral-CD-Ph column, containing phenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin as the chiral selector in polar organic mode was investigated. A total of 25 compounds with different structures and acid-base properties were tested, and 20 of them were separated using acetonitrile or methanol as eluent. The effects of various chromatographic parameters, such as the type and proportion of organic modifier, flow rate, and column temperature were analyzed in detail in relation to chromatographic performance. A U-shape retention curve was observed when a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol was used as the eluent, indicating different types of interactions in different solvent mixtures. Van 't Hoff analysis was used for calculation of thermodynamic parameters which revealed that the enantioseparation is mainly enthalpy controlled; however, entropic control was also observed. The enantiomer recognition ability at the atomic level was also investigated through a molecular modeling study, which revealed surface binding in polar organic mode instead of inclusion complexation. Our work proves that the phenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin chiral selector can be effectively used in polar organic mode for the chiral separation of compounds with diverse structures. Furthermore, it is also important to note that it was demonstrated that surface binding is responsible for the formation of supramolecular complexes in certain cyclodextrin derivatives.
Induction of Pre-hospital Emergency Anaesthesia I-Phea: A National Survey of UK Hems Practice
Authors: Hodkinson Mark , Poole Kurtis
Published: June 2023

Background
Pre-hospital emergency anaesthesia is a critical intervention undertaken by helicopter emergency medical teams. Previous studies informed current practice for induction regimes, using a standardized approach of fentanyl, ketamine and rocuronium. There may be a trend towards post-induction hypotension attributed to the induction regime used. Several new combinations of fentanyl, ketamine and rocuronium are emerging in clinical practice. There is currently no consensus on what induction regimes should be used.
Methods
A semi-structured survey was distributed to the medical leads of all UK air ambulance organisations between December 2022 and February 2023. The survey sought to establish provision of pre-hospital emergency anaesthesia and current induction regimes for stable, unstable and post-cardiac arrest patients. Data was extracted from Microsoft Forms into Excel and reported using descriptive statistics. The survey was endorsed by the National HEMS Research and Audit Forum.
Results
19 air ambulance organisations responded (response rate 86%). Most organisations provide over 100 pre-hospital emergency anaesthetics per annum (79%, n = 15/19). A combination of fentanyl, ketamine and rocuronium is used for induction of anaesthesia, with an increasing trend towards practitioner choice as opposed to prescribed drug regimes. There is variability in the dose of rocuronium from 1mg/kg to 2mg/kg.
Conclusion
There is variability in the approach to pre-hospital emergency anaesthesia. There is a growing dataset that would enable development of a registry to better understand induction regimes and the impact on patient physiology. Organisations are increasingly adopting a patient centered, practitioner choice model towards induction of anaesthesia.
Combined metabolomic and lipidomic analysis uncovers metabolic profile and biomarkers for papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zipeng , Yang Yiqin , Xing Yurong , Si Dandan , Wang Suhua , Lin Jiashuo , Li Cai , Zhang Ji , Yin Detao
Published: June 2023

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy with a rapidly increasing incidence. The pathogenesis of PTC is unclear, but metabolic and lipidomic reprogramming may play a role in tumor growth. We applied ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to perform globally targeted metabolomics and lipidomics on plasma samples from 94 patients with PTC and 100 healthy controls (HC). We identified 113 differential metabolites and 236 differential lipids, mainly involved in branched-chain amino acid metabolism, glutamate and glutamine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and lipid metabolism. We also screened three potential metabolite biomarkers: sebacic acid, L-glutamine, and indole-3-carboxaldehyde. These biomarkers showed excellent diagnostic performance for PTC in both discovery and validation cohorts, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.994 and 0.925, respectively. Our findings reveal distinct metabolic and lipidomic features of PTC and provide novel targets for diagnosis and treatment.
Tensile-shear properties of steel-Al adhesively bonded dissimilar joints and the effect of Al plate thickness
Authors: UEMATSU Yoshihiko , OZEKI Yoshihiro , CAIZA Paul Dario TOASA
Published: June 2023

Lap shear dissimilar joints between aluminium (Al) alloy, A6061-T6, and stainless steel, type 304, were fabricated by adhesive bonding. Three Al plates with different thicknesses were used to investigate the effect of the Al plate thickness on the tensile-shear properties, namely the effect of bending stiffness of Al plates. The maximum tensile-shear loads increased with increasing Al plate thicknesses. The fracture through the adherent (cohesive fracture) occurred when the Al plate was the thickest, while the interface fracture between Al plate and adherent appeared on the fracture surface with decreasing Al plate thickness. Fatigue strengths also increased with increasing Al plate thickness. When the fatigue strengths were normalized by the tensile strengths, the effect of the plate thickness became negligible. FEM analyses revealed that the stress concentration at the edge of adhesive on Al side decreased with increasing Al plate thickness, which could be related to the dependence of tensile and fatigue properties on the Al plate thickness.
Examining indicators of complex network vulnerability across diverse attack scenarios
Authors: Musawi Ahmad F. Al , Roy Satyaki , Ghosh Preetam
Published: June 2023

Complex networks capture the structure, dynamics, and relationships among entities in real-world networked systems, encompassing domains like communications, society, chemistry, biology, ecology, politics, etc. Analysis of complex networks lends insight into the critical nodes, key pathways, and potential points of failure that may impact the connectivity and operational integrity of the underlying system. In this work, we investigate the topological properties or indicators, such as shortest path length, modularity, efficiency, graph density, diameter, assortativity, and clustering coefficient, that determine the vulnerability to (or robustness against) diverse attack scenarios. Specifically, we examine how node-and link-based network growth or depletion based on specific attack criteria affect their robustness gauged in terms of the largest connected component (LCC) size and diameter. We employ partial least squares discriminant analysis to quantify the individual contribution of the indicators on LCC preservation while accounting for the collinearity stemming from the possible correlation between indicators. Our analysis of 14 complex network datasets and 5 attack models invariably reveals high modularity and disassortativity to be prime indicators of vulnerability, corroborating prior works that report disassortative modular networks to be particularly susceptible to targeted attacks. We conclude the paper with a discussion of how this work motivates the design of computational models that adaptively and distributively achieve network robustness in the face of changing or unknown attack strategies.
“Pouring their heart out in Sainsbury’s”: qualitative study of young people’s, parents’ and mental health practitioners’ experiences of adapting to remote online mental health appointments during Covid-19
Authors: Biddle Lucy , Derges Jane , Cliffe Bethany , Gooberman-Hill Rachael , Linton Myles-Jay , Moran Paul , Bould Helen
Published: June 2023

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, technologies such as videoconferencing were used to deliver mental health appointments remotely online. For many people, this was a change from previous methods of mental healthcare receipt and delivery. We aimed to explore in-depth how practitioners, young people and parents in the UK experienced this transition.
Methods
We used qualitative methods to collect data, triangulating between free-text online survey data (n = 38), focus groups (n = 5, 3 young adult groups (total n = 11), 2 practitioner groups (total n = 7)) and semi-structured interviews (practitioners n = 8; parents n = 4). Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.
Results
Participants held mixed views. While appointments at home could be regarded as more comfortable, naturalistic and accessible, it was also recognised that remoteness compromised practitioner control with consequences for their ability to monitor patient engagement, manage risk and ensure confidentiality when others were present in the home. This could create an additional burden for parents as they tried to facilitate appointments but felt unsupported in this role. Relatedly, remoteness was seen to hinder interpersonal communication, formation of trust, communication of empathy and opportunities to observe body language, all of which were deemed important to building and maintaining effective therapeutic relationships. Despite this, others thought the anonymity of a remote exchange may allow earlier disclosure. There was disagreement as to whether remote provision narrowed or expanded the scope of practice.
Conclusions
While some had positive views of remote mental health appointments, others found them challenging. Findings highlight key areas requiring attention and mitigation in future offerings of remote provision, namely: risk management, parental burden, and problematic engagement.
Investigation of scatter radiation intensities in the cardiac catheter laboratory: novel versus traditional shielding solutions
Authors: Mirjalili Negar , Tse Jason , Crowhurst James A , Dautov Rustem
Published: June 2023

A manufacturer has released a novel shielding solution (NSS): Rampart M1128 and claimed that the lead aprons can be removed. This study investigates the scatter intensities with the NSS or the traditional shielding solutions (TSS) including the ceiling-suspended screen and the tableside lead drape. Isodose maps were generated by two series of measurements with an anthropomorphic phantom using NSS and TSS. Three survey meters were positioned at different heights to measure the scatter intensities at the eye, chest, and pelvic levels. Additional measurements were made at the primary and secondary operators’ locations to evaluate the scatter intensities with different clinical projections. For the main operators, the isodose maps showed that NSS could result in a scatter dose that was between 80% and 95% lower than those of TSS at the eye and chest levels. The corresponding result at the pelvic level could go down to around 50%. These reductions should be compared to the additional protection by conventional lead protections: up to 80% reduction from lead eyeglasses and up to 95% from lead aprons. At LAO30 and between CRA30 and CAU30, NSS led to lower scatter doses ranging from 76% to 96% than those of TSS to both operators at the eye and chest levels. The range reduced to 25% and 60% at the pelvic level. The protection of NSS is comparable with that of TSS alongside conventional lead protections at the eye but not at the chest and the pelvic levels under the setup of CA.
Enhancing the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder using Phenotypic, Structural, and functional MRI Data
Authors: Yakolli Nivedan , V Anusha , Khan Adnan Ahamed , A Shubhashree , Chatterjee Subarna
Published: June 2023

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties with social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, interests, hobbies, and stereotyped, constrained behavior. In order to automate the identification of brain disorders marked by social deficiencies and repeated behaviors, machine learning and deep learning approaches have become very significant. In the paper, we have proposed and implemented a machine learning models and convolution neural network (CNN) for classifying subjects with ASD. Data is from Autism Brain Imagining Data Exchange (ABIDE) repository by using phenotypic, s-MRI, and fMRI data. For s-MRI image dataset, the accuracy of the neural network is about 87% whereas for fMRI image dataset the accuracy is 88% which is suitable for real-time usage. We implemented a GUI called Gradio for visualizing the s-MRI and fMRI data analysis. The work also interpreted the different Machine Learning (ML) models for the clinical data of ASD Screening of children (toddlers) which was available in the UCI repository, the different ML techniques used are Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Logistic Regression. The proposed methodology can detect and diagnose ASD early. An automated system helps in faster diagnosis and even minute things are identified and observed. Sometimes, humans can fail in identifying such minute things in the sample while diagnosing. To build such a system, deep learning models such as CNN models are trained on the s-MRI and fMRI images to classify them into ASD and non-ASD. The classification capability of the system developed was measured using the performance metrics such as accuracy, ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve, and AUC (Area under the Curve). The automated system can detect whether the given image is ASD or normal. The doctors can use this automated system very easily and do the needful after that. The novelty of our work is that we have considered the 3 modalities, for predicting the diseases. As a future work, we can do a fusion to give more accurate results combining 3 modalities results.
Design and Analysis of Two Ultra-Fast All-Optical Plasmonic Dual- Band OFF-ON and Bi-Directional Switches Based on Nonlinear Kerr Materials
Authors: PAV MOHAMMADREZA , pooretemad siavash , GRANPAYEH NOSRAT
Published: June 2023

In this study, two ultra-fast all-optical plasmonic switches based on metal–insulator–metal (MIM) plasmonic waveguides side-coupled to cavity by stubs are proposed. The cavities are filled with a nonlinear Kerr material and the switching occurs due to the self-phase-modulation (SPM) effect. In the first structure, an OFF-ON switching functionality is achieved either by varying the incident light intensity or using the optical bistability effect at the two telecommunication windows of 1550 nm and 850 nm. In the second structure, by adding another nonlinear cavity a bi-directional switch is designed. The finite-deference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to obtain the simulation results. The proposed ultra-fast switches have significant switching mechanisms and picosecond response time (0.25ps for the OffON switch and 1.5ps for the bi-directional switch). The proposed all-optical switches have potential of significant applications in photonic integrated circuits (PICs).
Fiscal Policy and Inequality in Middle- and High-Income Countries: Redistributive Effects of Tax and Spending Shocks
Authors: Isiaka Abdulaleem , Mihailov Alexander , Razzu Giovanni
Published: June 2023

Motivated by the sharp increases in public spending following the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, we employ the GMM Panel VAR approach at annual frequency between 2004-2014 to investigate the response of alternative income distribution variables to shocks imposed on tax revenues and three key components of social expenditures: social protection, health and education. We confirm the potential of fiscal policy to reduce income inequality, but point to the differential approaches to do so in middle-and high-income countries. We find that the particular expenditure component under consideration matters in terms of the impact on inequality and on different parts of the income distribution, as well as in terms of the implied time profile. In middle-income countries, positive education spending shocks are the most effective in achieving better distributional outcomes. By contrast, in high-income countries, positive health spending and tax shocks have a more pronounced favourable distributional impact.
JEL codes: E62, H53, O15
Molecular mobility in mixed “water-in-salt” solutions of LiOAc and KOAc according to NMR data
Authors: Matveev Vladimir V. , Pestova Olga N. , Tyutyukin Konstantin V. , Chizhik Vladimir I.
Published: June 2023

Diffusion coefficients of ions and water have been measured in two- and three-component concentrated (“water-in-salt”) aqueous solutions of KOAc and LiOAc, which were proposed as new electrolytes for water-based Li-ion batteries. It was demonstrated that the diffusion coefficient for acetate anion is greater than for lithium cation one in the KOAc-containing solutions and the difference grows under increasing concentration of potassium acetate. Water diffusion is also faster comparing with lithium cation and acetate anion in all solutions studied. Temperature dependences of spin-lattice relaxation rates (1/T1) of 1H, 7Li, and 39K nuclei have been measured for both ions and water. The dependences do not reach their maxima for the most samples, and only for acetate anion in sample IV (31.9 moles KOAc – 8.0 moles LiOAc – H2O) it turned out to be possible the reliable calculation of the rotational correlation time τc. Comparison of the translational (via D) and rotational (via τc) mobility of the acetate anion near the eutectic point showed that the Stokes-Einstein relation is valid for this solution only in a small high-temperature part of the studied range, but not for the lower temperatures.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties Of The Nb2O5@rGO For The Degradation Of Methylene Blue
Authors: Al-Marri Abdulhadi Hamad , Janene Fatma , Moulahi Ali , Mogharbel Amal T. , Al-Farraj Eida S. , Al-Mohaimeed Amal M. , Mjejri Issam
Published: June 2023

Mixing the advantages of nano- Nb2O5 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), composite systems offer great potential of exploration. Herein, Nb2O5 nanoparticles (NPs) and Nb2O5 modified reduced graphene oxide (Nb2O5@rGO) urchin-like have been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal process. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic efficiency of the Nb2O5 NPs and Nb2O5/rGO urchin like were evaluated with respect to the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under solar radiation. It is found that the Nb2O5/rGO with porous structure and high specific surface area of ~ 105.25 m2/g shows significantly superior photocatalytic performances for the removal of the MB dye (99% degradation after 1h illumination) than pure Nb2O5 (20% degradation after 1h illumination). The improvement in the photocatalytic properties of the composite material is mainly ascribed to a cooperative effect between the rGO with good electrical conductivity and the unique nano-porous structure of Nb2O5 with abundant catalytic active sites, superior charge transfer efficiency, and stronger oxidation property.
Evaluation of Neck Ultrasound Measurements as a Difficult Airway Predictor
Authors: Köse Elif Özge Çınar , Tekin Murat , Cesur Sevim , Çam İsa , Baykara Zehra Nur
Published: June 2023

Objective
It was aimed to investigate the relationship between cervical measurements and difficult airways using ultrasonographic measurements.
Methods
American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA) grade I to III, male or female, 120 adult patients, undergoing elective surgery were included in the study. The distance of the trachea, cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage, vocal cord anterior commissure, and hyoid bone to the skin was measured by placing the 10–13 MHz linear ultrasound probe in the transverse plane. The length of the cricothyroid and thyrohyoid membranes and their distance from the skin were measured by placing the probe in the sagittal plane. An other experienced anesthesiologist performed mask ventilation and intubation of the patient after the patient's induction of general anesthesia. During this procedure, the patient was evaluated for difficult mask ventilation, difficult laryngoscopy, and difficult intubation.
Results
28 (23.3%) patients had a difficult airway. Considering the measurements with the difficult airway, the best predictor was the epiglottis midline-skin distance (AUC(Area under the curve):0.847 p < 0.0001 Cut-off:>19.9 Sensitivity:78.6% Specificity:79.4%). Hyoid bone to skin distance, thyroid cartilage to skin distance, thyrohyoid membrane to skin distance and vocal cord anterior commissure-skin distance also predicted difficult airway.
Conclusion
The increase in the distance of the epiglottis midline, vocal cord anterior commissure, hyoid bone, thyrohyoid membrane, and thyroid cartilage to the skin at the level of the isthmus measured by ultrasonography is predictive of difficult airways. According to the results of our study, we believe that ultrasonographic evaluation can be used in the prediction of difficult airways.
ClinicalTrials.gov ID and date:
NCT05347121 / 21.04.2022
The relaxed eddy acumulation method
over the Amazon forest: the importance
of flux strength on individual and aggregated flux estimates.
Authors: Dias Nelson Luís , Toro Ivan Mauricio Cely , Dias-Júnior Cléo Quaresma , Mortarini Luca , Brondani Daiane
Published: June 2023

The ability of the Relaxed Eddy Accumulation (REA) method to estimate
the kinematic fluxes of temperature, water vapor and carbon dioxide
was assessed for the dry season (3 months) at the ATTO (Amazon Tall
Tower Observatory) site from turbulence measurements. The
measurements were performed at 50 m above ground within the roughness
sublayer. Non-conformity with inertial sublayer conditions was
confirmed one more time by analyzing dimensionless scalar standard
deviations. Recently found results that the REA method outperforms
Monin-Obukhov-based approaches are confirmed. Over the scale of the
whole dry season, REA and EC (eddy covariance) estimates are essentially
equal. However, we also verify that such results fail to reveal
significant variability and scatter of the REA estimates when the
fluxes are of small magnitude. On the basis of previous studies, we
conjecture that this is caused by a likely imbalance between scalar
gradient production and molecular dissipation. Confirmation of our
results to trace gases, therefore, requires further study.
Reactions to Science Communication: Social Network Topic Using Word Embeddings and Semantic Knowledge
Authors: de Lima Bernardo Cerqueira , Baracho Renata Maria Abrantes , Mandl Thomas , Porto Patricia Baracho
Published: June 2023

Social media platforms that disseminate scientific information to the public during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of the topic of scientific communication. Content creators in the field, as well as researchers who study the impact of scientific information online, are interested in how people react to these information resources. This study aims to gain insights into how the public perceives scientific information, and how their behavior towards science communication (e.g. through videos or texts) during the pandemic is related to their information-seeking behavior. To analyze public reactions to scientific information, the study focused on Twitter users who are doctors, researchers, science communicators, or representatives of research institutes, and analyzed their replies for 2 years from the start of the pandemic. One large challenge consists in sifting through social media data to find comments related to a reaction towards scientific content that might prove useful feedback to a content creator. The study aimed in developing a solution powered by topic modelling enhanced by manual validation and other machine learning techniques, such as word embeddings, that is capable of filtering massive social media datasets in search of documents related to reactions to scientific communication. This architecture can be replicated for finding any documents related to niche topics in social media data.
Novel Optimal Staggered Grid Finite Difference Scheme Based on Gram–Schmidt Procedure for Acoustic Wave Modelling
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhou Liming , Fu Daiguang , Dong Shiqi , Wu Haibo
Published: June 2023

The staggered grid finite difference method is widely used in the numerical simulations of acoustic equations; however, its application is accompanied by numerical dispersion. The most representative traditional method for suppressing the numerical dispersion is the Taylor expansion method, which mainly converts the acoustic equation into a polynomial equation of the trigonometric function and then expands the trigonometric function into a power function polynomial through the Taylor expansion to finally obtain the difference coefficient. However, this traditional method is only applicable to the small wavenumber range. In view of this, we used the Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization method, combined with the binomial theorem and Euler formula, to reverse the polynomial of power function into a polynomial of trigonometric function and finally obtain a new difference coefficient. To highlight the effectiveness of our new method, we compared it with the Taylor expansion and least-squares methods by selecting a small wavenumber, middle wavenumber, and wide wavenumber ranges. First, accuracy and dispersion analyses were conducted, and the results showed that the new difference coefficient generated smaller errors and induced stronger suppression of the numerical dispersion. We conducted a comparative analysis of the uniform and complex models, which further validated the superiority of the proposed staggered grid difference coefficient.
Livestock Breeding, Conservation and Genomics in Brazil: Who, When, Where, and What
Authors: McManus Concepta , Albuquerque Lucia Galvão , Dias Laila Talarico , Paiva Samuel Rezende , Pimentel Daniel , Pimentel Felipe
Published: June 2023

We examined Brazilian animal breeding and genetics publishing patterns to identify the major research groups and where they publish. Data was collected in Scopus and analysed in Vosviewer (version 1.615, 2020). The analyses showed that this area of knowledge is centred on groups in São Paulo state universities. Most research is on classical quantitative genetics published in Brazilian journals with a lower impact (impact factor lower than the world mean of one). Beef cattle are the main species researched, with dairy cattle and sheep also present. Less information is available on goats, poultry, swine, and equines. Research must expand to regions outside São Paulo State and beyond classical quantitative genetics. Publishing should be directed towards international journals and an increase in international collaborations. We also use the data to discuss and suggest new research areas to improve Brazil´s food security and increase sustainable animal production.
EMPOWERING ISLAMIC PHILANTHROPY TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT GOALS YAYASAN DANA SOSIAL AL-FALAH SURABAYA
Authors: Musafa'ah Suqiyah , Arif Mohammad , Mustofa Imron
Published: June 2023

Abstrak: Penelitian ini membincangkan beberapa kondisi masyarakat terkait stabilitas dan keberlangsungan hidup. Berbasis standar Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Peneliti berfokus pada kiprah lembaga pengelola filantropi Islam, Yayasan Dana Sosisa al-Falah (YDSF). Hadirnya penelitian ini membawa dua permasalah utama: sistematika pengelolaan aset umat dan implementasi standar SDGs bidang pemberdayaan manusia. Riset ini merupakan kajian kualitatif berbasis data lapangan dengan pendekatan fenomenologis. Kajian ini sampai pada dua kesimpulan. Pertama, YDSF mengenalkan model fundrasing donatur sebagai pengepul sekaligus agent of branding. Bentuk distribusi bantuannya bervariasi: konsumtif tradisional; konsumtif kreatif; produktif tradisional; dan produktif kreatif. Kedua, YDSF mengimplementasikan sistem mustaḥiq to muzakkī (M-to-M). Pemberdayaan yang dilakukan YDSF berprinsip kreditur harus bisa menjadi debitur untuk masyarakat luas. Bentuk pembedayaannya pun bervariasi sesuai kebutuhan yang dirasa para kreditur paling urgent untuk diimplementasikan.

Abstract: This paper discusses several conditions of society ‘stability and survival’standards-based Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Research focuses on the work of Islamic philanthropic management institutions, Yayasan Dana Sosial al-Falah (YDSF). The research brings two main problems: systematics of asset management and implementation of SDGs standards in the field of human empowerment. This research is a qualitative study, Based on field data with a phenomenological approach. The study came to two conclusions. First, YDSF brings a fundraising model of donors as collectors and agents of branding the forms of distribution: traditional consumptive; creative consumptive; traditional productive; and creatively productive. Second, YDSF implements the system mustaḥiq to muzakkī (M-to-M). The empowerment carried out by YDSF is based on the principle that creditors must be able to become debtors for the wider community. The form of empowerment also varies according to the needs felt by creditors most urgently to implement.