bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Proteomics Based on 2D Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry with Validations: Identification of a Biomarker Compendium for Oral Submucous Fibrosis—An Indian Study
Authors: Venugopal Divyambika Catakapatri , Ravindran Soundharya , Shyamsundar Vidyarani , Sankarapandian Sathasivasubramanian , Krishnamurthy Arvind , Sivagnanam Ananthi , Madhavan Yasasve , Ramshankar Vijayalakshmi
Published: February 2022

Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic debilitating disease more frequently found in the South East Asian population. This disease poses a public health priority, as it is grouped under oral potentially malignant disorders, with malignant transformation rates of around 7 to 13%. Hence, early identification of high-risk OSMF patients is of the utmost importance to prevent malignant transformation. Proteomic expression profiling is a promising method for identifying differentially expressed proteins for disease prognosis and risk stratification in OSMF. In this study, overexpressed proteins in OSMF, OSMF transformed into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and normal tissues were evaluated by proteomic analysis using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and mass spectrometry, which revealed 23 upregulated proteins. Validation was done using immunohistochemistry for three secretory proteins, namely 14-3-3ε (n = 130), carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA 1) (n = 125) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) (n = 117), which showed significant overexpression in OSMF, OSCC compared to normal. The present study is the first of its kind in India to the best of our knowledge, assessing the altered expression of proteins in OSMF and OSMF which has undergone malignant transformation, obtaining a better knowledge of the molecular pathways involved in the disease progression. The current study shows that the biomarkers studied can be potentially useful for risk stratification of OSMF to OSCC serving as novel targets for therapeutic intervention. Clinical validation of the targets can further pave way for precision medicine to improve the quality of life in OSMF patients.
Foaming of PCL-Based Composites Using scCO2: Structure and Physical Properties
Authors: Kosowska Katarzyna , Krzysztoforski Jan , Henczka Marek
Published: February 2022

The process of foaming poly(caprolactone)-based composites using supercritical carbon dioxide was analyzed. The impact of the conditions of the solid-foam production process on the process efficiency and properties of porous structures was investigated. The novel application of various types of porogens—hydroxyapatite, nanocellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, and graphene oxide—was tested in order to modify the properties and improve the quality of solid foams, increasing their usefulness in specialized practical applications. The study showed a significant influence of the foaming process conditions on the properties of solid foams. The optimal process parameters were determined to be pressure 18 MPa, temperature 70 °C, and time 1 h in order to obtain structures with appropriate properties for applications in biomedical engineering, and the most promising material for their production was selected: a composite containing 5% hydroxyapatite or 0.2% graphene oxide.
Influence of the Pyrolysis Temperature and TiO2-Incorporation on the Properties of SiOC/SiC Composites for Efficient Wastewater Treatment Applications
Authors: Fontão Natália C. , Ferrari Lucas N. , Sapatieri Joice C. , Rezwan Kurosch , Wilhelm Michaela
Published: February 2022

This study focuses on the development of porous ceramer and SiOC composites which are suitable for microfiltration applications, using a mixture of polysiloxanes as the preceramic precursor. The properties of the membranes—such as their pore size, hydrophilicity, specific surface area, and mechanical resistance—were tailored in a one-step process, according to the choice of pyrolysis temperatures (600–1000 °C) and the incorporation of micro- (SiC) and nanofillers (TiO2). Lower pyrolysis temperatures (<700 °C) allowed the incorporation of TiO2 in its photocatalytically active anatase phase, enabling the study of its photocatalytic decomposition. The produced materials showed low photocatalytic activity; however, a high adsorption capacity for methylene blue was observed, which could be suitable for dye-removal applications. The membrane performance was evaluated in terms of its maximum flexural strength, water permeation, and separation of an oil-in-water emulsion. The mechanical resistance increased with an increase of the pyrolysis temperature, as the preceramic precursor underwent the ceramization process. Water fluxes varying from 2.5 to 370 L/m2·h (2 bar) were obtained according to the membrane pore sizes and surface characteristics. Oil-rejection ratios of 81–98% were obtained at an initial oil concentration of 1000 mg/L, indicating a potential application of the produced PDC membranes in the treatment of oily wastewater.
Platelet Membrane: An Outstanding Factor in Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Durán-Saenz Nazly Z. , Serrano-Puente Alejandra , Gallegos-Flores Perla I. , Mendoza-Almanza Brenda D. , Esparza-Ibarra Edgar L. , Godina-González Susana , González-Curiel Irma E. , Ayala-Luján Jorge L. , Hernández-Barrales Marisa , Cueto-Villalobos Cecilia F. , Frausto-Fierros Sharahy Y. , Burciaga-Hernandez Luis A. , Mendoza-Almanza Gretel
Published: February 2022

In addition to being biological barriers where the internalization or release of biomolecules is decided, cell membranes are contact structures between the interior and exterior of the cell. Here, the processes of cell signaling mediated by receptors, ions, hormones, cytokines, enzymes, growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM), and vesicles begin. They triggering several responses from the cell membrane that include rearranging its components according to the immediate needs of the cell, for example, in the membrane of platelets, the formation of filopodia and lamellipodia as a tissue repair response. In cancer, the cancer cells must adapt to the new tumor microenvironment (TME) and acquire capacities in the cell membrane to transform their shape, such as in the case of epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the metastatic process. The cancer cells must also attract allies in this challenging process, such as platelets, fibroblasts associated with cancer (CAF), stromal cells, adipocytes, and the extracellular matrix itself, which limits tumor growth. The platelets are enucleated cells with fairly interesting growth factors, proangiogenic factors, cytokines, mRNA, and proteins, which support the development of a tumor microenvironment and support the metastatic process. This review will discuss the different actions that platelet membranes and cancer cell membranes carry out during their relationship in the tumor microenvironment and metastasis.
Towards a Physically Consistent Phase-Field Model for Alloy Solidification
Authors: Bollada Peter C. , Jimack Peter K. , Mullis Andrew M.
Published: February 2022

We give an overview of contributions made to the computational phase-field modelling of alloy solidification from the University of Leeds as part of the LiME project (EPSRC Advanced Manufacturing Hub in Liquid Metal Engineering). The broader look at the more salient features from our research allows the individual contributions to be seen in a wider context than can be seen from each contribution separately. We begin with a general introduction to phase-field and then reference the numerical issues that arise from the solution of the model before outlining contributions to phase-field modelling that we found most interesting or significant. These range from controlling and developing interface-width independent modelling; controlling morphology in both single and multiphase settings; generalising from single to multiphase models; and creating a thermodynamically consistent framework for modelling entropy flow and thereby postulating a temperature field consistent with the concepts of, and applicable in, multiphase and density-dependent settings.
Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Unalloyed Tungsten: A Review of Process, Structure, and Properties Relationships
Authors: Seyam Mahmoud S. , Koshy Philip , Elbestawi Mohamed A.
Published: February 2022

Tungsten (W) as a structural component has grown roots in many special applications owing to its radiation-shielding capabilities and its properties at elevated temperatures. The high ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) and the very high melting point of tungsten however have limited its processability to certain technologies such as powder metallurgy. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has been introduced in recent years as an alternative for manufacturing tungsten parts to overcome the design limitations posed by powder metallurgy technology. A review of the literature shows significant improvements in the quality of tungsten components produced by LPBF, implying a strong potential for manufacturing tungsten with this technology and a need for further research on this subject. This review paper presents the current state-of-the-art in LPBF of unalloyed tungsten, with a focus on the effect of process parameters on the developed structure/properties and identifies current knowledge gaps.
Genome-Scale Metabolic Modelling Approach to Understand the Metabolism of the Opportunistic Human Pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A
Authors: Díaz Calvo Teresa , Tejera Noemi , McNamara Iain , Langridge Gemma C. , Wain John , Poolman Mark , Singh Dipali
Published: February 2022

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common commensal of collagen-rich regions of the body, such as the skin, but also represents a threat to patients with medical implants (joints and heart), and to preterm babies. Far less studied than Staphylococcus aureus, the mechanisms behind this increasingly recognised pathogenicity are yet to be fully understood. Improving our knowledge of the metabolic processes that allow S. epidermidis to colonise different body sites is key to defining its pathogenic potential. Thus, we have constructed a fully curated, genome-scale metabolic model for S. epidermidis RP62A, and investigated its metabolic properties with a focus on substrate auxotrophies and its utilisation for energy and biomass production. Our results show that, although glucose is available in the medium, only a small portion of it enters the glycolytic pathways, whils most is utilised for the production of biofilm, storage and the structural components of biomass. Amino acids, proline, valine, alanine, glutamate and arginine, are preferred sources of energy and biomass production. In contrast to previous studies, we have shown that this strain has no real substrate auxotrophies, although removal of proline from the media has the highest impact on the model and the experimental growth characteristics. Further study is needed to determine the significance of proline, an abundant amino acid in collagen, in S. epidermidis colonisation.
Numerical Demonstration of 800 Gbps WDM Silicon Photonic Transmitter with Sub-Decibel Surface-Normal Optical Interfaces
Authors: Zhang Zanyun , Li Meixin , Zhang Kaixin , Liu Tianjun , Huang Beiju , Jiang Hao , Liu Yilin , Wang Qixin , Xing Jiaming , Yuan Bo , Liu Hongwei , Niu Pingjuan
Published: February 2022

We propose and numerically demonstrate an 800 Gbps silicon photonic transmitter with sub-decibel surface-normal optical interfaces. The silicon photonic transmitter is composed of eight silicon Mach–Zehnder optical modulators and an interleaved AMMI WDM device. This WDM device comprises two 1 × 4 angled MMI and a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) optical interleaver with an apodized bidirectional grating which has about −0.5 dB coupling loss. Both the Mach–Zehnder electro-optical modulators and MZI optical interleaver regard the bidirectional grating coupler as vertical optical coupler and 3-dB power splitter/combiner. By importing the S-parameter matrices of all the components which have been carefully designed in simulation software, the circuit-level model of the optical transmitter can be built up. On this basis, the static and dynamic performance characterization were carried out numerically. For NRZ modulation, the optical transmitter exhibits the overall optical loss of 4.86–6.72 dB for eight wavelength channels. For PAM4 modulation, the optical loss is about 0.5 dB larger than that of NRZ modulation, which varies between 5.38–7.27 dB. From the eye diagram test results, the WDM silicon photonic transmitter can achieve single channel data transmission at 100 Gb/s NRZ data or 50 GBaud/s PAM4 symbol rate with acceptable bit error rate.
Occurrence of SiC and Diamond Polytypes, Chromite and Uranophane in Breccia from Nickel Laterites (New Caledonia): Combined Analyses
Authors: El Mendili Yassine , Orberger Beate , Chateigner Daniel , Bardeau Jean-François , Gascoin Stéphanie , Petit Sébastien , Perez Olivier
Published: February 2022

Different techniques have been combined to identify the structure and the chemical composition of siliceous breccia from a drill core of nickel laterites in New Caledonia (Tiebaghi mine). XRD analyses show quartz as a major phase. Micro-Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of reddish microcrystalline quartz as a major phase with inclusion of microparticles of iron oxides and oxyhydroxide. Lithoclasts present in breccia are composed of lizardite, chrysotile, forsterite, hedenbergite and saponite. The veins cutting through the breccia are filled with Ni-bearing talc. Furthermore, for the first time, we discovered the presence of diamond microcrystals accompanied by moissanite polytypes (SiC), chromite (FeCr2O4) and uranophane crystals (Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2.5(H2O)) and lonsdaleite (2H-[C-C]) in the porosities of the breccia. The origin of SiC and diamond polytypes are attributed to ultrahigh-pressure crystallization in the lower mantle. The SiC and diamond polytypes are inherited from serpentinized peridotites having experienced interaction with a boninitic melt. Serpentinization, then weathering of the peridotites into saprolite, did not affect the resistant SiC polytypes, diamond and lonsdaleite. During karstification and brecciation, silica rich aqueous solutions partly digested the saprolite. Again, the SiC polymorph represent stable relicts from this dissolution process being deposited in breccia pores. Uranophane is a neoformed phase having crystallized from the silica rich aqueous solutions. Our study highlights the need of combining chemical and mineralogical analytical technologies to acquire the most comprehensive information on samples, as well as the value of Raman spectroscopy in characterizing structural properties of porous materials.
Nanomolar Nitric Oxide Concentrations in Living Cells Measured by Means of Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Markiewicz Roksana , Litowczenko Jagoda , Gapiński Jacek , Woźniak Anna , Jurga Stefan , Patkowski Adam
Published: February 2022

Measurement of the nitric oxide (NO) concentration in living cells in the physiological nanomolar range is crucial in understanding NO biochemical functions, as well as in characterizing the efficiency and kinetics of NO delivery by NO-releasing drugs. Here, we show that fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is perfectly suited for these purposes, due to its sensitivity, selectivity, and spatial resolution. Using the fluorescent indicators, diaminofluoresceins (DAFs), and FCS, we measured the NO concentrations in NO-producing living human primary endothelial cells, as well as NO delivery kinetics, by an external NO donor to the immortal human epithelial living cells. Due to the high spatial resolution of FCS, the NO concentration in different parts of the cells were also measured. The detection of nitric oxide by means of diaminofluoresceins is much more efficient and faster in living cells than in PBS solutions, even though the conversion to the fluorescent form is a multi-step reaction.
Betulonic Acid, as One of the Active Components of the Celastrus orbiculatus Extract, Inhibits the Invasion and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer Cells by Mediating Cytoskeleton Rearrangement In Vitro
Authors: Chu Zewen , Luo Yuanyuan , Ni Tengyang , Zhu Miao , Feng Xinyi , Liu Yanqing , Wang Haibo
Published: February 2022

Gastric cancer is a type of malignant tumor that seriously threatens human life and health. Invasion and metastasis present difficulties in the treatment of gastric cancer, and the remodeling of the tumor cytoskeleton plays an important role in mediating the ability of tumor cells to achieve invasion and metastasis. Previous experimental results suggest that Celastrus orbiculatus extract can regulate cytoskeletal remodeling in gastric cancer, but the active component has not been determined. Betulonic acid, as an effective component of COE, inhibits the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells by regulating cytoskeletal remodeling in vitro; its specific mechanisms have been studied here. After betulonic acid was dissolved, it was diluted to various working concentrations in RPMI-1640 medium and added to AGS, HGC-27 and GES-1 cell lines. Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Cytoskeleton staining was used to detect changes in cytoskeleton morphology. Functional assays including wound healing assays and transwell assays were used to detect the invasion and migration of cells. The effect of betulonic acid on cell invasion and migration was clearly and precisely observed by high-content imaging technology. Western blotting was used to detect the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-related proteins and epithelial–mesenchymal transformation-related proteins. We found that betulonic acid inhibited the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Therefore, betulonic acid inhibits the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells by mediating cytoskeletal remodeling and regulating epithelial mesenchymal transformation.
Increasing Magnetic Anisotropy in Bimetallic Nanoislands Grown on fcc(111) Metal Surfaces
Authors: Vlaic Sergio , Mousadakos Dimitris , Ouazi Safia , Rusponi Stefano , Brune Harald
Published: February 2022

The magnetic properties and the atomic scale morphology of bimetallic two-dimensional nanoislands, epitaxially grown on fcc(111) metal surfaces, have been studied by means of Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. We investigate the effect on blocking temperature of one-dimensional interlines appearing in core-shell structures, of two-dimensional interfaces created by capping, and of random alloying. The islands are grown on Pt(111) and contain a Co-core, surrounded by Ag, Rh, and Pd shells, or capped by Pd. The largest effect is obtained by Pd capping, increasing the blocking temperature by a factor of three compared to pure Co islands. In addition, for Co-core Fe-shell and Co-core FexCo1−x-shell islands, self-assembled into well ordered superlattices on Au(11,12,12) vicinal surfaces, we find a strong enhancement of the blocking temperature compared to pure Co islands of the same size. These ultra-high-density (15 Tdots/in2) superlattices of CoFe nanodots, only 500 atoms in size, have blocking temperature exceeding 100 K. Our findings open new possibilities to tailor the magnetic properties of nanoislands.
Humidity Sensing Ceria Thin-Films
Authors: Mandić Vilko , Bafti Arijeta , Pavić Luka , Panžić Ivana , Kurajica Stanislav , Pavelić Jakov-Stjepan , Shi Zhen , Mužina Katarina , Ivković Ivana Katarina
Published: February 2022

Lowering the constitutive domains of semiconducting oxides to the nano-range has recently opened up the possibility of added benefit in the research area of sensing materials, in terms both of greater specific surface area and pore volume. Among such nanomaterials, ceria has attracted much attention; therefore, we chemically derived homogeneous ceria nanoparticle slurries. One set of samples was tape-casted onto a conducting glass substrate to form thin-films of various thicknesses, thereby avoiding demanding reaction conditions typical of physical depositions, while the other was pressed into pellets. Structural and microstructural features, along with electrical properties and derivative humidity-sensing performance of ceria thin-films and powders pressed into pellets, were studied in detail. Particular attention was given to solid-state impedance spectroscopy (SS-IS), under controlled relative humidity (RH) from 30%–85%, in a wide temperature and frequency range. Moreover, for the thin-film setup, measurements were performed in surface-mode and cross-section-mode. From the results, we extrapolated the influence of composition on relative humidity, the role of configuration and thin-film thickness on electrical properties, and derivative humidity-sensing performance. The structural analysis and depth profiling both point to monophasic crystalline ceria. Microstructure analysis reveals slightly agglomerated spherical particles and thin-films with low surface roughness. Under controlled humidity, the shape of the conductivity spectrum stays the same along with an increase in RH, and a notable shift to higher conductivity values. The relaxation is slow, as the thickness of the pellet slows the return of conductivity values. The increase in humidity has a positive effect on the overall DC conductivity, similar to the temperature effect for semiconducting behavior. As for the surface measurement setup, the thin-film thickness impacts the shape of the spectra and electrical processes. The surface measurement setup turns out to be more sensitive to relative humidity changes, emphasized with higher RH, along with an increase in thin-film thickness. The moisture directly affects the conductivity spectra in the dispersion part, i.e., on the localized short-range charge carriers. Moisture sensitivity is a reversible process for thin-film samples, in contrast to pellet form samples.
Real-Time On-Site Diagnosis of Quarantine Pathogens in Plant Tissues by Nanopore-Based Sequencing
Authors: Marcolungo Luca , Passera Alessandro , Maestri Simone , Segala Elena , Alfano Massimiliano , Gaffuri Francesca , Marturano Giovanni , Casati Paola , Bianco Piero Attilio , Delledonne Massimo
Published: February 2022

Rapid and sensitive assays for the identification of plant pathogens are necessary for the effective management of crop diseases. The main limitation of current diagnostic testing is the inability to combine broad and sensitive pathogen detection with the identification of key strains, pathovars, and subspecies. Such discrimination is necessary for quarantine pathogens, whose management is strictly dependent on genotype identification. To address these needs, we have established and evaluated a novel all-in-one diagnostic assay based on nanopore sequencing for the detection and simultaneous characterization of quarantine pathogens, using Xylella fastidiosa as a case study. The assay proved to be at least as sensitive as standard diagnostic tests and the quantitative results agreed closely with qPCR-based analysis. The same sequencing results also allowed discrimination between subspecies when present either individually or in combination. Pathogen detection and typing were achieved within 13 min of sequencing owing to the use of an internal control that allowed to stop sequencing when sufficient data had accumulated. These advantages, combined with the use of portable equipment, will facilitate the development of next-generation diagnostic assays for the efficient monitoring of other plant pathogens.
Cross-Reactive Results in Serological Tests for Borreliosis in Patients with Active Viral Infections
Authors: Wojciechowska-Koszko Iwona , Kwiatkowski Paweł , Sienkiewicz Monika , Kowalczyk Mateusz , Kowalczyk Edward , Dołęgowska Barbara
Published: February 2022

Currently, serological tests for Lyme disease (LD), routinely performed in laboratories following the European Concerted Action on Lyme Borreliosis recommendations as part of two-stage diagnostics, are often difficult to interpret. This concerns both the generation of false positive and negative results, which frequently delay the correct diagnosis and implementation of appropriate treatment. The above problems result from both morphological and antigenic variability characteristics for the life strategy of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, a complicated immune response, and imperfections in diagnostic methods. The study aimed to check the reactivity of sera from 69 patients with confirmed infection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and BK virus (BKV) with Borrelia antigens used in serological tests: indirect immunofluorescence (IIFT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) and immunoblot (IB). In the group of patients infected with EBV, the highest percentage of positive/borderline anti-Borrelia IgM and IgG results was obtained in the following tests: IIFT (51.9% for IgM, 63.0% for IgG), ELISA (22.2% for IgM, 29.6% for IgG) and IB (11.1% for IgM, 7.4% for IgG). In the group of CMV-infected patients, the highest percentage of positive/borderline anti-Borrelia IgM results were obtained in the following tests: IB (23.1%), IIFT (15.4%) and ELISA (7.7%), while in the IgG class in the IIFT (15.4%), IB (11.5%) and ELISA (3.9%) tests. In the group of patients infected with BKV, the highest percentage of positive/borderline anti-Borrelia IgM results was obtained in the following tests: IIFT (25.0%), IB (25.0%) and ELISA (3.9%), and in the IgG class in the tests: IB (50.0%), IIFT (6.2%) and ELISA (6.2%). The native flagellin (p41) and OspC proteins were the most frequently detected Borrelia antigens in all studied groups of patients in both classes of antibodies. Similar to other authors, the study confirmed the fact that serological tests used in the diagnosis of LD have a high potential to generate false positive results in patients with active viral infections, which may be related to cross-reacting antibodies appearing during the most common polyclonal activation of T/B lymphocytes, activated by viral superantigens.
The role of local communities in the development of European Union rural areas
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University. Russia, Lomakin Nikolai Ivanovich , Peskova Olyga Sergeevna ,   Volgograd State Technical University. Russia, Mershieva Galina Aleksandrovna ,   Volgograd State Technical University. Russia, Kuzmina Tatiana Ivanovna ,   Russian University of Economics name G. V. Plekhanov, Russia, Moscow, Kovazhenkov Mikhail Aleksandrovich ,   Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (branch) of VolgGTU. Russia, Gorbunova Alina Viktorovna ,   Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (branch) of VolgGTU. Russia, Maksimova Olyga Nikolaevna ,   Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (branch) of VolgGTU. Russia, Chernaya Elena Grigoryevna ,   Volzhsky Institute of Economics, Pedagogy and Law. Russia
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this article is to present the results of the research on the role of local action groups (LAG) in the development of rural areas in the member states of the European Union (EU). The most important postulate of the investigation is the scientifi cally grounded and practice-tested statement that only by relying on rural communities it is possible to objectively determine the pressing problems that need to be solved within the boundaries of various rural areas. Moreover, with the help of rural population (especially its active part, youth, entrepreneurs, farmers) it is advisable to implement the social, economic, environmental projects developed there, in the positive results of which both rural residents and the state are interested. The scientific work uses analytical and review methods of analysis (including the discourse method), which (together with the widespread use of modern statistical information, reporting materials of the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD), the content of the relevant legislation) made it possible to formulate a number of practice-oriented conclusions. Most of them relate to the possibilities of European rural communities (institutionalized in a certain way) to solve such problems of the countryside as rising unemployment, limited fi nancing for rural development, reduced public investment in the development of rural areas, sequestration of state spending on the development of the social sphere within the boundaries of rural areas, poverty and social insulation. In general, the European experience of encouraging local participation in achieving the goals and priorities of rural development put forward by society through the support of the LEADER / CLLD initiatives under the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) not only has many positive consequences, but also includes time-tested practices, worthy of implementation in the modern conditions of the domestic environment.
Place à l’empiètement
Authors: Malbosc-Cantegril Françoise
Published: February 2022

The encroachment appears as an autonomous notion today. Indeed, it is about a very specific situation of conflict for which the case law gradually fixed original solutions which put in check rules allowing generally to resolve the disputes relative to the property (the entry, the abuse of process, the servitude and the common ownership).

So, it’s time to introduce the concept of encroachment into the civil code as proposes it the draft of reform of the properties laws, presented by the association Henri Capitant, and which dedicates it two measures, one of the general reach, the other one aiming at the particular case of the wall built on both sides of the séparative line of two adjoining properties.

The object of the present article is to contribute to loosen(to kick away) a legal regime of the encroachment, guaranteeing the balance between the opposing(conflicting) interests of the nearby owners. This regime can be looked for around two axes : the first one consists in envisaging the circumstances of the encroachment, so as to operate a modulation when the encroachment seems small and involuntary ; the second concerns the penalty of the encroachment : on one hand, to prevent(warn) any abuse on behalf of the owner victim of the encroachment, it seems convenient that this one does not keep(guard) systematically the control(master’s degree) of the penalty ; on the other hand, in the hypothesis of a wall built in “horseshoe”, the equity commands(orders) that the same owner can benefit from a direct acquisition and without counterpart of the common ownership.
Le changement agricole. Transformations culturales et innovation (XIIe-XIXe siècle)
Authors: Moriceau Jean-Marc
Published: February 2022

En dépit de ses continuités apparentes, l'agriculture a donné lieu à une succession de transformations et d’innovations avant la révolution de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle. Modes de culture, structures et paysages agraires, équipement et techniques agricoles en furent affectés, autant du fait des exploitants eux-mêmes que de celui des propriétaires. Pour situer ces changements et les évaluer, on propose ici une méthode d’analyse comparative sur le long terme, en constituant des séries pluriséculaires de baux de domaines ruraux et d'inventaires d'exploitants. Du XIIe au milieu du XIXe siècle, la mise en relation des données qualitatives et quantitatives offertes par ces deux grands types de sources, regroupées en périodes décennales, permet d'en dégager les étapes et la signification. Cette perspective invite à étudier le milieu des artisans agricoles et engage à recourir à des sources complémentaires, sous-utilisées jusqu'ici, comme les plans parcellaires et les livres de raison.
Les plantes américaines et l'Europe. L'innovation dans l'outillage et les techniques agricoles à l'époque moderne
Authors: Trochet Jean-René
Published: February 2022

American Plants in Europe : The Innovation in Tools and Agricultural Techniques in the Modern Era, Jean-René Trochet

To what extent did the cultivation of American plants influenced European agricultural techniques ? First, these techniques are identified and compared with their Andean equivalents, in regions where innovations in technology and implements are related to new methods of cultivation. This parallel raises methodological issues of which the historian must be aware if he is to assess accurately how important the changes brought about in material living conditions. Secondly, it appears that these innovations have, to a certain extent, been determined by preexisting agrarian systems into which new plants have gradually been introduced.
Trois chemins de l'agriculture au marché : capitalisme, proto-industrialisation, co-intégration. Réflexion à partir de l'exemple du Saguenay (Québec)
Authors: Bouchard Gérard
Published: February 2022

Cet article soumet de nouvelles perspectives à propos des paysanneries dites marginales et de leurs relations avec le marché capitaliste. Il est suggéré que, dans la plupart des cas, ces économies paysannes entretiennent des rapports très réguliers avec le marché. Cependant, la nature et les modalités de ces rapports peuvent être telles que, sur une période prolongée, la société locale n'en garde pas moins des traits sociaux et culturels caractéristiques de l'ère précapitaliste. Le modèle de la cointégration est proposé pour rendre compte de l'interaction complexe entre ces économies paysannes et le marché capitaliste.
Robert Laurent, historien des vignerons de la Côte-d'Or au XIXe siècle
Authors: Gavignaud-Fontaine Geneviève
Published: February 2022

Robert Laurent's contribution to the history of wine growers in Côte-d'Or.

Robert Laurent has written important books about the contemporary rural history of Burgundy. In his first work on the agriculture of Côte-d'Or in the nineteenth century (1931), he emphasized new economic and social approaches, which had just been developped by the Annales school in Strasbourg, where he studied. His thesis included as his major field the study of the wine growers of Côte-d'Or in the nineteenth century, while his minor bore on the Octroi de Dijon. He used methods from economic history, studying landownership, production, and prices, and also from social history, with analyses of structural factors, farming practices, and political behavior. This approach is applicable to other countries and other societies, while constituting an innovative view of French rural history.
Paysans et protoindustrie en Bourgogne du Nord à l'époque moderne
Authors: Benoît Serge
Published: February 2022

The peasantry and proto-industry in Northern Burgundy in the Modern Era.

Long kept apart, rural history and industrial history are closely linked by now, especially in Northern Burgundy. Here, the iron industry has long been an indispensable component in the economic and demographic equilibrium of the countryside. Outside laborers constituted a social milieu both differentiated from and symbiotically linked to that of the ironworks. Forward in the process of production, a small metallurgical industry, mostly made up of household producers of nails, had already appeared in the Middle Ages. The closing down of the ironworks finally brough to light the essential place of proto-industry in the economy and society of the countryside on the plateaux of Northern Burgundy.
Élites agricoles et médiateurs politiques. Recherches sur les élus des chambres d’agriculture dans la France du Sud-Est en 1927
Authors: Dumons Bruno
Published: February 2022

Avec la création des chambres départementales d’agriculture par la loi du 3 février 1924, s’est instaurée une nouvelle institution de pouvoir local qui se démarque, par l’étendue du champ de ses compétences, des anciennes sociétés d’agriculture par arrondissement contrôlées par les notables ruraux. Parmi les lieux de la représentation professionnelle agricole, cet organisme, élu au suffrage universel, est rapidement devenu une assemblée déterminante pour la conduite des politiques publiques locales en matière d’agriculture. L’élection à ce type de mandat contribue à la formation d’élites locales assurant la mise en oeuvre de politiques agricoles. Mieux connus pour la période postérieure à 1945, ces nouveaux dirigeants restent pour la plupart ignorés par l’historiographie rurale relative à l’entre-deux-guerres. Grâce à la méthode prosopographique, on se propose d’esquisser un portrait sociologique de ce personnel politique local, d’essence professionnelle, à partir des cent quatre vingt-cinq élus de la première élection (1927) aux dix chambres départementales de l’agriculture de la région septentrionale de la France du Sud-Est. Une connaissance plus poussée du processus d’élaboration du statut d’élite locale, notamment par la voie du corporatisme agricole, permettra ainsi de mieux saisir les conditions de gestation et d’application de l’action publique.
Les rentes en nature : un indicateur des systèmes céréaliers médiévaux ? À travers les campagnes normandes (IXe-XIVe siècle)
Authors: Maneuvrier Christophe
Published: February 2022

Can rents in kind be used as an indicator for medieval grains farming systems ? Exploring the Normandy countryside, 9th-14th century Christophe Maneuvrier

There are few sources medievalists can use to study farming systems before the 15th century. Rents in kind are not considered very useful as a source because of wide differences between landlords’ demands and the actual situation of grains production. Still, can these rents be used to fill this gap in our knowledge, at least in part ? This study, which bears on the Normandy countryside, is an attempt to show that seigniorial land rents do provide a usable, albeit distorted, picture of medieval grains farming systems. Indeed, the geography of these rents reveals a strong spatial coherence ; the grains levied in the 13th century were the same as those grown at the end of the Middle Ages and throughout the Modern era. It can also be shown that the triennial rotation of crops was an early development, widely observable as early as the 13th century, and that oats played a crucial rolein this system. Actually, oats seem to have spread very early in this region, possibly as early as the 10th century. Moreover, this type of source reveals that harrowing increased (as expected), and that draught horses were also increasingly used.
Association of Monocyte Count and Monocyte/Lymphocyte Ratio with the Risk of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with CKD
Authors: Oh Ester S. , You Zhiying , Nowak Kristen L. , Jovanovich Anna J.
Published: February 2022

Background

Emerging evidence suggests an association of higher monocyte count and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals without chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, limited studies have examined if this association translates to the CKD population. This study examined whether monocyte count and MLR are associated with the risk of CVD, CVD death, and all-cause death in patients with nondialysis CKD who participated in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort observational study.

Methods

Baseline monocyte count and MLR were categorized into tertiles and also modeled continuously. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between monocyte count (primary predictor) and MLR (secondary predictor) at baseline and time to a composite of CVD events, including heart failure, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and peripheral artery disease (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes were time to CVD death and all-cause death.

Results

The median follow-up time was 9 years for CVD events and 11.7 years for death. In the fully adjusted model, participants with a higher monocyte count and MLR had a greater risk of CVD events (hazard ratio [HR] per doubling of monocyte count=1.2 [95% CI, 1.1 to 1.31]; HR per doubling of MLR=1.26 [95% CI, 1.16 to 1.36]), CVD death (HR=1.18 [95% CI, 0.99 to 1.41]; HR=1.27 [95% CI, 1.1 to 1.48]), and all-cause death (HR=1.17 [95% CI, 1.06 to 1.3]; HR=1.18 [95% CI, 1.09 to 1.29]).

Conclusions

These results suggest that monocyte count and MLR may have the potential to be cost-effective, clinically available indicators of CVD risk in the CKD population.
Caracterização dos acidentes de transito com ônibus na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte: um olhar da saúde coletiva / Characterization of traffic accidents with buses in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte: a look from the Collective Health
Authors: De Oliveira Maria Beatriz , Volpe Fernando Madalena , Côrtes Maria da Conceição Juste Werneck , Ferreira Ronaro de Andrade , Bando Daniel Hideki , Dias Elizabeth Costa , Gontijo Eliane Dias
Published: February 2022

Introdução: Acidentes de transito no Brasil representam um sério problema de saúde pública e impactam diretamente os serviços de saúde. Objetivo: Analisar os acidentes de trânsito com ônibus da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Método: Estudo transversal com base nos registros das autoridades de trânsito locais entre 2012-2015. Os fatores associados com a gravidade das lesões foram estudados através de regressão logística ordinal. Foram construídos mapas de Kernel georreferenciados e a distribuição temporal foi estudada através de análises de Cosinor. Resultados: Foram avaliados 13499 acidentes de trânsito com ônibus envolvendo 26854 pessoas. 2879 acidentes produziram vítimas, incluindo 49 óbitos. Os acidentes se concentraram nos grandes corredores urbanos e interurbanos, nos dias úteis, entre 15-20h, sendo mais frequentes colisões/abalroamentos e causas ligadas ao condutor. A gravidade das lesões foi maior nos atropelamentos do que em quedas ou choques/capotamentos, nas mulheres e em vítimas de baixa escolaridade. Conclusão: O volume e a gravidade das lesões observadas justificam o desenvolvimento de medidas de saúde pública para a mitigação de riscos.
Aproximações de comportamento teórico e numérico de uma bomba centrífuga / Approximations of theoretical and numerical behavior of a centrifugal pump
Authors: Silva Daniel Oliveira , Da Silva André Carlos , Leite Pedro A. da Costa , Abreu Leilane Rocha , Camacho Ramiro Gustavo Ramirez
Published: February 2022

O trabalho apresenta uma análise teórico e numérico para o levantamento das curvas caraterísticas de uma bomba centrífuga de NqA = 135. Com base nos elementos construtivos como: ângulos de entrada e saída, diâmetros e larguras do rotor, é possível quantificar os trabalhos específicos para número infinito e finito de pás de espessura finita. Por outro lado, mecanismos de perdas hidráulicas são introduzidos com base em correlações semi-empíricas de forma a quantificar as variações reais de energia real da bomba H, em função da vazão sendo representadas por funções quadráticas. Uma segunda abordagem numérica através da simulação 3D em CFD é feita considerando o rotor e a voluta, para determinação da potência de eixo, potência hidráulica, H e eficiência com objetivo de comparação entre as aproximações teóricas e numéricas.
Hepatozoonose em mamíferos silvestres e domésticos: revisão de literatura / Hepatozoonosis in wild and domestic mammals: literature review
Authors: Marques Joysse Wêdja Soares , E Azevedo Roberta Carvalho de Freitas , Fakelmann Thiago , Costa Jaciara de Oliveira Jorge , Nieri-Bastos Fernanda Aparecida , Marcili Arlei
Published: February 2022

O gênero Hepatozoon sp. compreende protozoários intracelulares e sua transmissão ocorre principalmente a partir da ingestão de artrópodes. Os sinais clínicos da hepatozoonose canina são inespecíficos e sua intensidade pode variar e nos mamíferos silvestres são ainda desconhecidos. A presente revisão visa descrever a diversidade, características clínicas e epidemiológicas, vetores, formas de transmissão e diagnóstico desse agente em mamíferos silvestres e domésticos.
O conhecimento teórico-prático do estudante de medicina para o atendimento pré-hospitalar / The medical student's theoretical-practical knowledge of pre-hospital care
Authors: Neto Álvaro Bulhões da Silva , Fachin Laércio Pol , Medeiros Jéssika Lays dos Santos , Resende Ana Laura Mota
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Analisar se estudantes da graduação e internos reconhecem como suficientes as habilidades de medicina de emergências adquiridas em seu currículo acadêmico. Observar como acadêmicos e doutorandos se sentem com suas habilidades em atendimento pré-hospitalar. Verificar como o conteúdo teórico e prático de medicina de emergências foi absorvido frente ao modelo de educação recebido. Atentar para a forma de atuação dos estudantes nas oportunidades de colocar o conhecimento em prática. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional analítico, com base na aplicação de um questionário online entre estudantes de Medicina do 5° ao 12° períodos de uma instituição de ensino superior de Alagoas. Resultados: Notou-se a carência do ensino e da prática contínuos em primeiros socorros e atendimento de emergências. Quando questionados sobre ter segurança para ensinar primeiros socorros a um leigo, 142 pessoas responderam “sim”, 94 responderam “não” e 17 preferiram não responder. No que tange a prática de atendimento pré-hospitalar, 82,21% afirmaram ter algum tipo de capacitação durante a graduação, desses 70% receberam treinamentos do PHTLS, SBV ou ACLS. Ao responder sobre a oportunidade de praticar os conhecimentos adquiridos, 134 deles relataram não ter nenhuma chance de atuar. Esse dado pode explicar o baixo nível de segurança dos futuros médicos. Conclusão: Neste estudo, evidenciou-se a carência do modelo educacional em dar a oportunidade prática de desenvolver os conhecimentos teóricos. Resultando em futuros profissionais pouco seguros quanto às suas habilidades.
Relações familiares: Significados e atribuições para a aprendizagem no ensino fundamental de uma escola pública do Rio Grande do Norte – RN / Family relations: Meanings and attributions for learning in the elementary school of a public school in Rio Grande do Norte – RN
Authors: Pinheiro Annelise Bezerra da Silva , Pordeus Marcel Pereira
Published: February 2022

Este artigo é um recorte da minha dissertação de mestrado em Ciências da Educação, que tem por título: Relações familiares: significados e atribuições para a aprendizagem no Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública do Rio Grande do Norte-RN. A família vem se modificando ao longo dos anos, tendo uma variação em sua composição, contudo, as crianças estão vulneráveis a esse processo, que nem sempre é benéfico a elas. A perspectiva dessa pesquisa é a de demonstrar como as relações familiares podem ajudar ou prejudicar o processo de aprendizagem das crianças, e como refletem na sua vida escolar. Ela conta com um estudo de caso analisado por questionários aplicados com crianças do Ensino Fundamental I – 1º ao 5º ano em uma escola pública da cidade de Pau dos Ferros – RN. Neste estudo foi possível observar a visão do ambiente ao redor da escola, das famílias e o rendimento dos alunos na perspectiva deles. As condições familiares relatadas pelas crianças pesquisadas, nos questionários ministrados, em grande parte e nas séries iniciais, primeiro e segundo anos, pode ser observado que as famílias estão presentes e acompanhando o processo de aprendizagem delas, contudo, devido a incoerência observada nas respostas das crianças observadas nos relatórios individuais, disponibilizados pelos professores, percebe-se a discrepância desses dados com o mencionado pelas crianças. Neste sentido, foi possível considerar que a visão do aluno nesta pesquisa preza mais pelo amor que ele sente por sua família e a vontade de ser acolhido, do que de fato o relatado nos questionários pelos docentes. É preciso que a família caminhe junto com a escola e garanta a criança condições emocionais e sociais para que ela possa construir adequadamente sua aprendizagem e atingir seus objetivos quando adulta.