bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Study of the Unstable Fracure Propagation in the Injection Well: Numerical and Laboratory Modeling
Authors: Trimonova M. , Baryshnikov N. , Zenchenko E. , Zenchenko P. , Turuntaev S.
Published: October 2017

In the article the results of laboratory studies on unstable fracture propagation in injection well are presented alongside with the verification of previously proposed model [Тримонова, Дубиня] verification using the results of experimental studies. The experimental studies were carried out in accordance with the similarity criterion between the experimentally studied material and the rock properties under the in-situ state. The similarity criterion was chaosen according to the possibilitiesof the experimental complex. The joint study of the possibilities of the experimental complex, mathematical model and similarity theory makes a basis for the application of mathematical model of water-induced hydraulic fracture propagation while modeling the reservoir exploitation process.
Weed Dynamics and Management Strategies for Cropping Systems in the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Derksen Doug A. , Anderson Randy L. , Blackshaw Robert E. , Maxwell Bruce
Published: October 2017

Cropping systems in the northern Great Plains (NGP) have evolved from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–fallow rotations to diversified cropping sequences. Diversification and continuous cropping have largely been a consequence of soil moisture saved through the adoption of conservation tillage. Consequently, weed communities have changed and, in some cases, become resistant to commonly used herbicides, thus increasing the complexity of managing weeds. The sustainability of diverse reduced tillage systems in the NGP depends on the development of economical and effective weed management systems. Utilizing the principle of varying selection pressure to keep weed communities off balance has reduced weed densities, minimized crop yield losses, and inhibited adverse community changes toward difficult‐to‐control species. Varied selection pressure was best achieved with a diverse cropping system where crop seeding date, perennation, and species and herbicide mode of action and use pattern were inherently varied. Novel approaches to cropping systems, including balancing rotations between cereal and broadleaf crops, reducing herbicide inputs, organic production, fall‐seeded dormant canola (Brassica napus and B. rapa), and the use of cover crops and perennial forages, are discussed in light of potential systems‐level benefits for weed management.
Solid‐State Carbon‐13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Humic Acids at High Magnetic Field Strengths
Authors: Dria Karl J. , Sachleben Joseph R. , Hatcher Patrick G.
Published: October 2017

Use of solid‐state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has become commonplace in studies of humic substances in soils and sediments, but when modern high‐field spectrometers are employed, care must be taken to ensure that the data obtained accurately reflect the chemical composition of these complex materials in environmental systems. In an effort to evaluate the quality of solid‐state 13C NMR spectra obtained with modern high‐field spectrometers, we conducted a series of experiments to examine spectra of various humic acids taken under a variety of conditions. We evaluate conditions for obtaining semiquantitative cross polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) 13C NMR spectra of humic acids at high magnetic field and spinning frequency. We examine the cross polarization (CP) dynamics under both traditional and ramp CP conditions on Cedar Creek humic acid. Fitted equilibrium intensities from these CP dynamic studies compare to within 3.4% of the intensities determined from a Bloch decay spectrum of the same sample. With a 1‐ms contact time, ramp CP and traditional CP spectra were acquired on this sample and were found to compare to within 5.4% of the Bloch decay spectrum; however, the signal‐to‐noise ratio per hour of data acquisition was found to double under ramp CP conditions. These results demonstrate the power of applying modern solid‐state NMR techniques at high magnetic field strengths. With these techniques, high‐quality, semiquantitative spectra can be quickly produced, allowing the application of solid‐state NMR techniques to more environmentally relevant samples, especially those where the quantity is limited.
Analysis of Potentially Mobile Phosphorus in Arable Soils Using Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: McDowell R.W. , Condron L.M. , Mahieu N. , Brookes P.C. , Poulton P.R. , Sharpley A.N.
Published: October 2017

In many intensive agroecosystems continued inputs of phosphorus (P) over many years can significantly increase soil P concentrations and the risk of P loss to surface waters. For this study we used solid‐state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high‐power decoupling with magic angle spinning (HPDec–MAS) NMR, and cross polarization with magic angle spinning (CP–MAS) NMR to determine the chemical nature of potentially mobile P associated with aluminum (Al) and calcium (Ca) in selected arable soils. Three soils with a range of bicarbonate‐extractable Olsen P concentrations (40–102 mg P kg−1) were obtained from a long‐term field experiment on continuous root crops at Rothamsted, UK, established in 1843 (sampled 1958). This soil has a threshold or change point at 59 mg Olsen P kg−1, above which potentially mobile P (as determined by extraction with water or 0.01 M CaCl2) increases much more per unit increase in Olsen P than below this point. Results showed that CaCl2 and water preferentially extracted Al‐P and Ca‐P forms, respectively, from the soils. Comparison among the different soils also indicated that potentially mobile P above the threshold was largely present as a combination of soluble and loosely adsorbed (protonated–cross polarized) P forms largely associated with Ca, such as monetite (CaHPO4) and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4·2H2O), and some Al‐associated P as wavellite. The findings of this study demonstrate that solid‐state NMR has the potential to provide accurate information on the chemical nature of soil P species and their potential mobility.
Stray Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Soil Water
Authors: Kinchesh P. , Samoilenko A. A. , Preston A. R. , Randall E. W.
Published: October 2017

Development, characterization, and preliminary results of a recent technique capable of local measurements of pore‐size distribution by a spatially resolved low resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique are described. Potential environmental uses include studying the change in pore‐size distribution caused by surface compaction, which influences surface runoff, and obtaining information on the physical state of non‐aqueous compounds in porous materials, which should aid the selection of appropriate soil remediation methods. Stray field (STRAFI) imaging is an NMR technique that allows distortion‐free imaging of materials with short NMR relaxation times. The sample is placed in the strong axial fringe field gradient of a superconducting NMR magnet. We report on a new, unique, large 5‐cm‐diameter STRAFI probe, and its use for three preliminary test cases: water in ceramics of known pore size, paraffin wax and oil in sandstone rock, and water in soil at different matric potentials. The imaging is confined to one dimension with a spatial resolution of the order of 100 μm for protons. The optimum position for imaging occurs at 2.62 T and a gradient of 12.1 T/m. Water relaxation decay curves can be measured at any position in the 8‐cm‐long sample. These curves are decomposed into a series of terms each corresponding to a different pore size. Preliminary results show continuum fits to decay curves for a soil drained to three different matric potentials. Such information will be useful for interpreting water retention curves and will lead to understanding of the behavior of fluids in the vadose zone.
Modeling Phosphorus Concentrations in Irish Rivers Using Land Use, Soil Type, and Soil Phosphorus Data
Authors: Daly Karen , Mills Paul , Coulter Brian , McGarrigle Martin
Published: October 2017

Modeling diffuse phosphorus (P) loss may indicate management strategies to minimize P loss from agricultural sources. An empirical model predicting flow‐weighted phosphorus concentrations (MRP) was derived using data collected from 35 Irish river catchments. Monitoring records of riverine P and stream flow data were used to calculate MRP values averaged for the years 1991–1994. These data were modeled using land use, soil type, and soil P data. Soil type in catchments was described using soil survey classifications weighted according to their P desorption properties from laboratory results. Soil test P concentrations for the studied watersheds were obtained from a national database. Soil P levels were weighted based on the results of field experiments measuring P losses in overland flow from fields at different soil test P levels. The 35 catchments were statistically clustered into two populations (A and B) based on differences in soil type, specifically, soil hydrology. Catchments in Cluster A had predominantly poorly drained soils and comparatively higher MRP concentrations (0.03–0.17 mgL−1) than Cluster B areas (0.01–0.7 mgL−1) with mostly well‐drained soils. Regression equations derived for A and B type catchments predicted MRP values with 68 and 62% of the variation explained in the models, respectively. Data extracted for the rest of the country were applied to the models to delineate areas at risk on a national scale. While the models were only moderately accurate they highlighted the influence of land management, specifically, high production grassland receiving high P inputs, in conjunction with the effect of soil type and soil hydrology on the transport of P to surface waters.
Temporal and Spatial Variation of Episodic Wind Erosion in Unburned and Burned Semiarid Shrubland
Authors: Whicker Jeffrey J. , Breshears David D. , Wasiolek Piotr T. , Kirchner Thomas B. , Tavani Rebecca A. , Schoep David A. , Rodgers John C.
Published: October 2017

Redistribution of soil, nutrients, and contaminants is often driven by wind erosion in semiarid shrublands. Wind erosion depends on wind velocity (particularly during episodic, high‐velocity winds) and on vegetation, which is generally sparse and spatially heterogeneous in semiarid ecosystems. Further, the vegetation cover can be rapidly and greatly altered due to disturbances, particularly fire. Few studies, however, have evaluated key temporal and spatial components of wind erosion with respect to (i) erosion rates on the scale of weeks as a function of episodic high‐velocity winds, (ii) rates at unburned and burned sites, and (iii) within‐site spatial heterogeneity in erosion. Measuring wind erosion in unburned and recently burned Chihuahuan desert shrubland, we found (i) weekly wind erosion was related more to daily peak wind velocities than to daily average velocities as consistent with our findings of a threshold wind velocity at approximately 7 m s−1; (ii) greater erodibility in burned vs. unburned shrubland as indicated by erosion thresholds, aerodynamic roughness, and near‐ground soil movement; and (iii) burned shrubland lost soil from intercanopy and especially canopy patches in contrast to unburned shrubland, where soil accumulated in canopy patches. Our results are among the first to quantify post‐fire wind erosion and highlight the importance of accounting for finer temporal and spatial variation in shrubland wind erosion. This finer‐scale variation relates to semiarid land degradation, and is particularly relevant for predictions of contaminant resuspension and redistribution, both of which historically ignore finer‐scale temporal and spatial variation in wind erosion.
Adsorption and Degradation of the Weak Acid Mesotrione in Soil and Environmental Fate Implications
Authors: Dyson J.S. , Beulke S. , Brown C. D. , Lane M. C. G.
Published: October 2017

The ability of soils to adsorb and degrade pesticides strongly influences their environmental fate. This paper examines the adsorption and degradation of a weak acid, a new herbicide mesotrione [2‐[4‐(methylsulfonyl)‐2‐nitrobenzoyl]‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione], in 15 different soils from Europe and the USA. Experiments were conducted to understand the influence of soil properties, covering a wide range of soil textures, soil pH values (4.4 to 7.5), and organic carbon contents (0.6 to 3.35%). Mesotrione adsorption (Kdvalues ranged from 0.13 to 5.0 L/kg) was primarily related to soil pH, and to a lesser extent by percent organic carbon (%OC). As soil pH rose, mesotrioneKdvalues got smaller as mesotrione dissociated from the molecular to anionic form. Mesotrione degradation (half‐lives ranged from 4.5 to 32 d) was also related to soil pH, getting shorter as soil pH rose. Simple regression of mesotrione adsorption against soil pH and %OC and against degradation provided a close fit to the data. The correlation between mesotrione adsorption and degradation means thatKdand half‐life values are only relevant for use in environmental fate assessment if these values are “paired” for the same soil pH and %OC. The implications were as illustrated for leaching, raising important issues about combining pesticide adsorption and degradation behavior in environmental fate assessments.
Jack Pine Growth and Elemental Composition Are Affected by Saline Tailings Water
Authors: Franklin Jennifer A. , Renault Sylvie , Croser Clare , Zwiazek Janusz J. , MacKinnon Michael
Published: October 2017

In the processing of oil sands from Alberta's Athabasca formation, large quantities of alkaline, saline tailings and associated process‐affected waters are produced. These waters may have a negative effect on plants used in reclamation of mined areas in this region of the northern boreal forest. In the present study, we examined the effects of process‐affected water on the growth and elemental composition of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings. Seedlings were grown in sand culture, and treated with tailings water to which mineral nutrients had been added. One‐month‐old seedlings were treated for 14 d, and all measured growth parameters were reduced. Growth and shoot elemental composition were also measured in seven‐month‐old seedlings that were treated for 10 wk with process‐affected water. Shoots had significantly elevated levels of Na, Cl, S, P, B, and Sr, and significantly reduced levels of Fe, Mo, Ba, and K. The relationships between elemental composition and seedling growth and injury were examined using multiple regression. Growth rates, dry weights, and carotenoid content were reduced, but were not related to shoot elemental composition. Needle necrosis was positively related to tissue Na and Cl. Results indicate that reclamation planning must consider substrate Na and Cl levels when planting jack pine on tailings‐affected sites.
Phosphorus Leaching from Biosolids‐Amended Sandy Soils
Authors: Elliott H. A. , O'Connor G. A. , Brinton S.
Published: October 2017

Increasing emphasis on phosphorus (P)‐based nutrient management underscores the need to understand P behavior in soils amended with biosolids and manures. Laboratory and greenhouse column studies characterized P forms and leachability of eight biosolids products, chicken manure (CM), and commercial fertilizer (triple superphosphate, TSP). Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatumFlugge) was grown for 4 mo on two acid, P‐deficient Florida sands, representing both moderate (Candler series: hyperthermic, uncoated Typic Quartzipsamments) and very low (Immokalee series: sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Arenic Alaquods) P‐sorbing capacities. Amendments were applied at 56 and 224 kg PTha−1, simulating P‐based and N‐based nutrient loadings, respectively. Column leachate P was dominantly inorganic and lower for biosolids P sources than TSP. For Candler soil, only TSP at the high P rate exhibited P leaching statistically greater (α = 0.05) than control (soil‐only) columns. For the high P rate and low P‐sorbing Immokalee soil, TSP and CM leached 21 and 3.0% of applied P, respectively. Leachate P for six biosolids was <1.0% of applied P and not statistically different from controls. Largo biosolids, generated from a biological P removal process, exhibited significantly greater leachate P in both cake and pelletized forms (11 and 2.5% of applied P, respectively) than other biosolids. Biosolids P leaching was correlated to the phosphorus saturation index (PSI = [Pox]/[Alox+ Feox]) based on oxalate extraction of the pre‐applied biosolids. For biosolids with PSI ≤ approximately 1.1, no appreciable leaching occurred. Only Largo cake (PSI = 1.4) and pellets (PSI = 1.3) exhibited P leaching losses statistically greater than controls. The biosolids PSI appears useful for identifying biosolids with potential to enrich drainage P when applied to low P‐sorbing soils.
Inventory management, cost of capital and firm performance: evidence from manufacturing firms in Jordan
Authors: Mohammad Salem Alrjoub Ashraf , Akram Ahmad Muhannad
Published: October 2017

Several studies have examined the relationship between inventory management and firm performance. However, most of these studies ignore the impact of inventory types on the relationship. Moreover, the relationship is influenced by some factors such as cost of capital which has not been considered. This study examines the moderating effect of cost of capital on the relationship between inventory types and firm performance. The data of 48 firms for the period 2010-2016 which formed 279 firm-year observations were used in this study. With the use of Pearson correlation and panel Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation, the findings show that inventory management with consideration of its types influence firm performance in the long term. In addition, it is also found that cost of capital moderates the relationship between inventory management and firm performance. However, the interaction between cost of capital and inventory types has different implications. It is suggested that firms should consider cost of capital when making decision on inventory types and align their inventory control to fit in to the changes in their business environment.
Shareholders wealth and mergers and acquisitions (M&As)
Authors: Kyei-Mensah Justice , Su Chen , Lael Joseph Nathan
Published: October 2017

We re-examine the abnormal returns (ARs) around merger announcements using a large sample of 8,945 announcements. We estimate the ARs using the Carhart (1997) four-factor model under the standard ordinary least square (OLS) method and the Glosten et al.’s (1993) asymmetric GARCH specification (hereafter, GJR-GARCH). Under the OLS method, acquirers do not generate significant cumulative ARs (CARs) in line with prior work. Our new results, however, show that under the GJR-GARCH estimation, acquirers generate positive and significant cumulative CARs. We attribute the gains to the use of the GJR-GARCH estimation method, as the GJR-GARCH method is more effective in capturing conditional volatility and asymmetry in the excess returns.
Profitability of commercial banks revisited: new evidence from oil and non-oil exporting countries in the MENA region
Authors: Abdullah Nermeen , Tan Yong
Published: October 2017

This paper investigates the determinants of commercial bank profitability in oil and non-oil countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region using data from 11 countries over the period 2004–2014. Since banks are under no obligation to fill reports to Bankscope database, irregular reporting banks are omitted from the sample and the model is re-estimated using only regular reporting banks, and a comparative analysis between total banks’ sample and regular reporting banks’ sample is provided. Using the two-step system GMM and fixed effects models, the results indicate that credit risk is negative and highly significant when irregular reporting banks are omitted from the sample, particularly in the non-oil group, unlike the oil countries case, which indicates that adding irregular reporting banks to the sample could lead to bias in some estimated coefficients if they constitute a considerable percentage of the total banks’ sample. Diversification is a key determinant for profitability in oil countries. No enough evidence to support the impact of financial inclusion and financial openness on bank profitability. In addition, the global financial crisis has significantly affected bank profitability in oil countries. Several policy implications are provided to the bank management to follow based on each country group.
Prospects for the introduction of innovations by agricultural enterprises in Ukraine
Authors: Lipych Lubov , Bortnik Svitlana , Tovsteniuk Oleksandr , Kchilycha Oksana , Kushnir Myroslava
Published: October 2017

Innovative processes in the agriculture of Ukraine have specific characteristics. Most enterprises require substantial investments to finance innovative development. The article highlights the factors that influence the development of innovative investment activity of agricultural companies and analyzes their innovative and investment potential. It systematizes a set of risks and threats inherent in innovative and investment activity of agricultural enterprises using SWOT-analysis, which helps determine its possibilities. It offers a matrix for selecting strategic alternatives of innovative development of agricultural enterprises, which makes it possible to link three vectors of the innovative and investment activity: the level of innovative activity of enterprises, the scope of their activities, the most appropriate strategies for further development.
Market, state and business in coordinates of the new economy
Authors: Kolot Anatoliy , Herasymenko Oksana
Published: October 2017

The formation of the new economy, which is replacing the industrial economy and has a multi-vector dimension1, causes deep transformations in all spheres of social existence, leads to the emergence of new forms and methods for organizing interactions between institutions that function in the area of socio-economic development. The relevance of the study is caused by the necessity of theoretical and applied substantiation of the new subjective composition and network interaction of these institutions. The scientific and practical significance of the research is to substantiate the formation and development of modern institutions and to establish a new format for their interaction within the framework of the new economy. The results of the study are aimed at identifying the latest trends in the modernization of institutes’ functions in the triad “market – state – business”. The subject of the study is the theoretical and applied principles of the social phenomenon “market – state – business”. The methodological basis for achieving this goal is systematic and interdisciplinary approaches to the study of redistribution of roles among these institutions and the improvement of their interaction in the process of ensuring sustainable development. The purpose of the research is a scientific and theoretical substantiation of the new configuration of the social phenomenon “market – state – business”. The principal position of the authors is their belief that a new interpretation should be given if not to all, but to the majority of categories and concepts that reflect the phenomena and processes occurring in the chain “market – state – business”. There is a need for a new, unorthodox, unconventional understanding of most of the phenomena and processes associated with the functioning of the leading institutions of the economy and society. The article presents the authors’ view on the contemporary role of each of the mentioned institutions, their interaction in the process of ensuring sustainable development. Particular attention is paid to the substantiation of the transformation of functions of the state and business under the current conditions. The authors demonstrate that the contemporary role and place of the leading institutions, which have to ensure sustainable development, need a new understanding.
Analyses dynamics of taxpayers behavior fating the influence of social-psychological factors
Authors: Kuzmynchuk Nataliia , Kutsenko Tatyana , Nazarova Tetiana , Druhova Elena
Published: October 2017

In this study, the main attention is paid to the problem of “shadowing” the Ukrainian economy in the crisis period. Theoretical approaches to determining the functions of taxes and factors affecting real tax revenues were studied. A scientific study was carried out which would reveal the motives for the behavior of taxpayers, which are explicitly or implicitly laid in the basis of approaches to the formation of the mechanism of taxation and tax policy of the state. Therefore, we tried to determine the reasons why the behavior of each individual taxpayer is completely determined by his individual rational choice, determined by the desire to maximize his own benefit, i.e. does not depend on the choice of the tax behavior of other agents and the effects that individual taxpayers have on each other. Our results show that the reduction of transaction costs in the legal sector of the economy and the creation of conditions that impede the illegal conduct of transactions are not sufficient conditions for the implementation of formal taxation rules.
EFEITO DO TEMPO DE PASTEURIZAÇÃO DA CERVEJA SOBRE A REDUÇÃO DA CARGA MICROBIOLÓGICA E INATIVAÇÃO DA ENZIMA INVERTASE NA ETAPA DE PASTEURIZAÇÃO DA CERVEJA
Authors: Souza Rosenilda Santos De , Favero Diego Matos
Published: October 2017

A cerveja possui características desfavoráveis à multiplicação de vários microrganismos, devido a fatores que incluem presença de etanol, elevada concentração deO2 e CO2, baixo valor de pH, entre outros. Entretanto, alguns microrganismos denominados deteriorantes multiplicam-se nessas condições, ocasionando mudanças sensoriais, aumento da turbidez, interferindo na qualidade final do produto. Dentre os microrganismos deteriorantes, os mais relatados foram os Gram-positivos dos gêneros Lactobacillus e Pediococcus, os Gram- negativos do gênero Pectinatus e Megasphaera e leveduras selvagens. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo propor uma nova metodologia como forma de avaliação da efetividade da pasteurização. Para isso, avaliou-se a correlação entre o método de inativação enzimática e o método tradicional de contagem de microrganismos em placas, quando a cerveja é submetida a diferentes binômios de tempo/temperatura no processo de pasteurização. A metodologia consistiu na pasteurização a 65°C de amostra de cerveja não pasteurizada realizada em tempos de 0, 1, 3, 5 e 10 minutos. A atividade enzimática foi verificada por meio da quantificação do teor de glicose resultante, após reação da enzima própria da cerveja com a sacarose intencionalmente adicionada. A quantificação de microrganismos deu-se por contagens de colônias visíveis em ágar PCA incubado a 35ºC, em anaerobiose/microaerofilia durante 7 dias. Realizou-se coloração de Gram para verificar os tipos de microrganismos existentes nas amostras. Os dados da pesquisa confirmaram a correlação entre a análise enzimática e microbiológica, demonstrando a inativação total da invertase e a não multiplicação de microrganismos nos tempos de pasteurização de 5 e 10 minutos. Observou-se a presença de bactérias Gram-positivas, possivelmente dos gêneros Lactobacillus e Pediococcus, Gram-negativas, fungos filamentosos e leveduras. Concluiu-se que o melhor tempo determinado para uma pasteurização eficiente a 65°C é a de 5 minutos, a qual foi considerada a mais indicada pelo fato de menor exposição do produto a altas temperaturas, minimizando riscos de alterações no produto final. Também concluiu-se que a metodologia de verificação da eficiência da pasteurização através da análise da atividade enzimática mostrou-se apropriada nos parâmetros deste estudo.
Ontogenia de megaestróbilos de Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze (Araucariaceae)
Authors: Rogge-Renner Gladys Daniela , Steiner Neusa , Schmidt Éder Carlos , Guerra Miguel Pedro , Bouzon Zenilda Laurita , Farias Francine Lunardi , Ortiz Florestal Jacqueline
Published: October 2017

Em vista da escassez de dados sobre o desenvolvimento individual da fase embrionária à fase adulta, este estudo teve como objetivos descrever a ontogenia de megaestróbilos de A. angustifolia, conhecer o rendimento dos megaestróbilos, assim como o número e a localização de plantas masculinas, femininas e juvenis, em uma população nativa localizada em Curitibanos (SC). Forwam realizadas 17 coletas (março 2011 a julho 2012). As plantas foram geolocalizadas. Coletaram-se mensalmente três megaestróbilos maduros, em desenvolvimento e, quando possível, imaturos, de árvores previamente marcadas. Os megaestróbilos foram fotografados, medidos, pesados e tiveram suas brácteas, sementes e sementes chochas separadas e quantificadas. Na população estudada, verificaram-se 176 plantas, das quais 56 eram masculinas, 41 femininas e 79 juvenis. O peso médio dos megaestróbilos (iniciais, em desenvolvimento e maduros) ficou entre 72,83 g e 1.437,39 g; o diâmetro médio entre 15,91 cm e 45,08 cm e o comprimento médio entre 6,95 cm e 22,88 cm. Nos megaestróbilos maduros, 85% do seu rendimento são brácteas estéreis, enquanto as sementes e as sementes chochas equivaleram a aproximadamente 10% cada. Os resultados podem contribuir em operações de coletas de sementes que visem à melhoria reprodutiva, conservação de germoplasma e conservação in situ da população nativa estudada.
Brasil e Argentina o fim da cordialidade oficial sob a ótica das lógicas de anarquia
Authors: Costa dos Santos Ariane , Moreira de Souza Rodrigues Thiago
Published: October 2017

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar as relações bilaterais entre Brasil e Argentina na passagem da década de 1970 para a década de 1980, um período marcado pela mudança de paradigma na relação entre os dois vizinhos, tradicionalmente caracterizada pela cordialidade oficial, com a intermitência entre momentos de cooperação e conflito. Nesta perspectiva, busca-se analisar, à luz da teoria de Alexander Wendt (1999), e a partir do conceito wendtiano de culturas de anarquia, a transformação dessa relação bilateral, com importantes consequências até os dias atuais para as duas maiores economias da América do Sul no século XX.
Coalizões estratégicas para a diplomacia marítima breves considerações
Authors: Villela Marroni Etiene
Published: October 2017

Para entender o processo político-diplomático ocorrido durante os nove anos de negociação que resultou na Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Direito do Mar, é necessário compreender os grupos de interesse que se formaram ao longo desses anos. Os Estados, componentes da Convenção, diferiam tanto na capacidade relacionada com o uso do mar como no conhecimento técnico-científico. Tais diferenças são de particular importância para explicar posicionamentos políticos e os resultados das negociações para o planejamento do espaço oceânico. Além disso, o processo e os resultados foram significativamente afetados pela ação diplomática da Conferência em configurações globais. Esta dinâmica voltou-se para a necessidade de construir e manter coalizões vencedoras e ao método de tomada de decisões. É preciso entender em que medida questões relativas ao mar são influenciadas pela política externa de países pioneiros em tecnologia marinha. Desta forma, este estudo objetiva uma breve compreensão do processo diplomático e estrutural, ou seja, como os Estados alinhavam-se frente a questões complexas, que surgiam no decorrer das negociações. Em um segundo momento, observar-se-á como trabalhavam estes grupos de influência, formados por interesses estratégicos de cada Estado. E, a seguir, estudar-se-á como agiam os grupos de influência durante a Conferência, a partir da perspectiva da representação geográfica para o planejamento do espaço oceânico. Nesse sentido, observou- se que é preciso que se entenda o posicionamento dos países em consonância ao seu grau de influência no processo diplomático na Convenção, para garantir a hegemonia de uso e exploração de recursos naturais advindos do mar.
A importância do choke point de natal no controle aéreo e naval do Atlântico Sul
Authors: Silvestre de Albuquerque Edu
Published: October 2017

O ensaio está divido em duas partes. A primeira visa descrever em traços gerais a presença de potências extracontinentais nos mares do Atlântico Sul, principal fronteira da projeção do poder naval brasileiro. A segunda parte se propõe a arrolar algumas das vantagens e desvantagens do sítio geográfico de Natal, localizado no Saliente Nordestino, e considerado um dos principais choke points para a projeção do poder naval brasileiro.
The Effect of Emotional Intelligence Dimensions on Enhancing Employeesâ€™ Eustress at work
Authors: Almazrouei Sultan Ali Suleiman
Published: October 2017

This paper aims to investigate the effect of dimensions of emotional intelligence which include self-emotions appraisal, other-emotions appraisal, use of emotions, and regulation of emotions on enhancing employeesâ€™ eustress at work. A quantitative survey was applied on 483 employees from ministry of education in Oman. PLS based SEM was utilized for analyzing data. The findings showed a significant positive association between others-emotions appraisal, use of emotions, regulation of emotions and employeesâ€™ eustress. However, self-emotions appraisal does not influence employeesâ€™ eustress significantly. Therefore, managers should foster employeesâ€™ emotional intelligence (others-emotions appraisal, use of emotions, regulation of emotions) to enhance employeesâ€™ eustress which is essential for work success. Some training sessions pertaining emotional intelligence should be held.
The Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on Financial Performance of Banks in the Kingdom of Bahrain during 2004-15
Authors: Abdulwahab Bushra A. , Ganguli Subhadra
Published: October 2017

Following the 2007 global financial crisis, more than 15 M&A transactions took place among financial institutions in the kingdom of Bahrain. This paper evaluates the impact of M&As on the financial performance of four such deals between banks in Bahrain. Data was collected from financial statements of the banks and the Bankscope database during 2004â€“2015. 15 accounting ratios were applied to CAMEL Rating Model approach. Financial modelling with Excel has been applied to test for the significance of changes in the financial performance of the banks three years before and three years after mergers. No significant difference in the financial performance of the local banks between pre and post M&As in the kingdom of Bahrain was observed. No significant difference in the financial performance of the acquirer bank or the target bank was observed except Bahraini Saudi Bank (target bank) which showed significant improvement in the financial performance after the merger with acquirer bank namely Al Salaam Bank. No significant change in the overall CAMEL ratios was observed for all banks involved in the M&As in Bahrain during 2004-15. The study provides an empirical analysis of the M&As before and after the mergers which can serve as a basis for further evaluation of future strategy of the banking sector in the kingdom of Bahrain.
Synthesis, characterization and anthelmintic activity evaluation of pyrimidine derivatives bearing carboxamide and sulphonamide moieties
Authors: Ugwu David , Okoro Uchechukwu , Mishra Narendra
Published: October 2017

Pyrimidines, sulphonamides and carboxamides have shown a large number of pharmacological properties against different types of diseases including helminthiasis. Seventeen new pyrimidine derivatives bearing sulphonamide and carboxamide were synthesized and investigated for their in vitro anthelmintic properties. Substituted benzenesulphonyl chlorides 15a?c were treated with various amino acids (16a?h) to obtain benzenesulphonamide derivatives 17a?l. Compounds 17a?f were subsequently treated with benzoyl chloride to obtain the N-benzoylated derivatives 19a?f. Further reactions of compounds 19a?f and 17g?l with 4- or 2-aminopyrimidine (20) using boric acid as a catalyst gave the required sulphonamide carboxamide derivatives 21a?q in excellent yields. The compounds were isolated in their analytical grade and characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HRMS. The in vitro anthelmintic studies showed that all the synthesized compounds possessed anthelmintic property. Compounds 21a?c, e, g, m and p showed mean paralyzing times of 15, 19, 14, 18, 19, 19 and 18 min, respectively, at 100 mg mL-1 compared to 10 min for albendazole. Compounds 21a?c, g and m had mean death times of 18, 24, 16, 20 and 25 min, respectively, at 100 mg mL-1 compared to 13 min for albendazole.
Brown beer vinegar: A potentially functional product based on its phenolic profile and antioxidant activity
Authors: Mudura Elena , Coldea Teodora , Socaciu Carmen , Ranga Floricuţa , Pop Carmen , Rotar Ancuţa , Pasqualone Antonella
Published: October 2017

The aim of the present study was to create a functional, enriched in polyphenols and free of alcohol product obtained by acetic fermentation of beer. Beer and vinegar were tested first for their phenolic content and antioxidant activity, by the Folin Ciocalteu and the free radical scavenging activity by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free-radical scavenging assay, respectively. Then, the separation and identification of the 30 phenolic compounds was realized by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with positive electrospray ionisation and diode array detection (HPLC-DAD?ESI(+)-MS) analysis. Identification of the phenolic compounds data was realized based on the UV spectra of each compound. Based on a calibration curve (R2 = 0.9985), the amounts of the phenolic compounds, expressed as mg cathechin equivalents (CE)/L, were calculated. The total phenolic content of the beer and vinegar samples determined using Folin?Ciocalteu reagent were of 428.9?1.58 and 661.5?7.69 mg GAE L-1, respectively, which contributed to the high antioxidant activity in the vinegar sample of 82.18 %. Statistically significant differences were observed after acetic fermentation between each parameter (p < 0.05). Brown beer vinegar represents a rich source of polyphenols and phenolic derivatives, compared to beer. By its increased phenolic content and antioxidant activity, brown beer vinegar could be considered another source of valuable compounds to beer, which could also be of interest in special diets.
A comparative analysis of the financial liberalization in Turkey and Brazil
Authors: Tugrul Gover
Published: October 2017

The objective of this study is to explain the financial liberalization processes in Turkey and Brazil, to analyze the external financial liberalization processes and the financial integration indices and to compare the developments in the financial integration indices of Turkey and Brazil during the period 1980-2013. Our analysis revealed that, on the one hand, Brazil has continued its external liberalization process since the 1990s, but on the other hand, Brazil used two main tools to manage the capital flows, namely, capital controls and liberalization of capital outflows. In contrast, Turkey did not employ these tools following liberalization of the capital account.
Vida, poder, política: Foucault e a questão do liberalismo [Life, power, politics: Foucault and the question of liberalism]
Authors: Danner Fernando
Published: October 2017

o problema do liberalismo e de suas condições de emergência surgiram, no pensamento de Foucault, no curso Nascimento da Biopolítica, ministrado nos anos de 1978 e 1979. Neste curso, Foucault demonstra que o liberalismo não deve ser entendido fundamentalmente não como uma teoria econômica ou jurídica, nem como uma ideologia, mas como uma racionalidade política, como uma prática refletida de governo. É no contexto do liberalismo que a biopolítica adquire toda sua especificidade. A preocupação dos Estados com a gestão da população obedece à intenção de consolidar a economia capitalista: a emergência de um Estado gestor e normalizador, a partir de fins do século XVIII, deve ser entendida como um momento no qual a racionalidade econômica, tal qual concebida pelo liberalismo, passa a determinar o âmbito político, a dinâmica social e os fenômenos próprios das populações (criminalidade, sexualidade, natalidade, educação etc.).
Uma arqueologia do mercado: Foucault e o neoliberalismo como dispositivo biopolítico [A market archeology: Foucault and neoliberalism as a biopolitical device]
Authors: Gimbo Fernando Sepe
Published: October 2017

Trata-se de mostrar como a análise que Foucault propõe sobre o neoliberalismo, em O nascimento da biopolítica, pode ser compreendida como uma arqueologia do mercado.  Para tanto, o artigo é dividido em três partes: 1) primeiramente, relacionar a questão sobre o neoliberalismo dentro do problema maior de uma ontologia do presente; 2) acompanhar a leitura que Foucault propõe em o Nascimento da biopolítica, mediado pelas elucidações propostas por Dardot e Laval (2016), focando nas linhas de continuidades e descontinuidades do neoliberalismo com a tradição liberal clássica a partir da transformação das práticas de mercado; 3) propor como conclusão a hipótese do capitalismo como “totalidade aberta” e a necessidade de retomar o caráter negativo da crítica foucaultiana.
Rapport d’étape - Indicateurs géographiques de l’environnement alimentaire de la vente au détail pour l’intervention en santé publique
Authors: Mahendra Ahalya , Polsky Jane Y. , Robitaille Éric , Lefebvre Marc , McBrien Tina , Minaker Leia M.
Published: October 2017

Le groupe de travail sur les indicateurs de base de l’Association des épidémiologistes en
santé publique de l’Ontario (AESPO) a pour mandat d’uniformiser les définitions et les
méthodes de calcul de plus de 120 indicateurs de la santé publique dans le but de fournir
un cadre précis et commun à l’ensemble des bureaux de santé publique de l’Ontario pour
la production de rapports sur l’état de santé des communautés. Le sous-groupe chargé de
l’environnement bâti est une équipe multidisciplinaire composée de planificateurs, de
chercheurs, d’analystes des politiques, de diététistes agréés, d’analystes de système
d’information géographique (SIG) et d’épidémiologistes. Le sous-groupe a sélectionné et
opérationnalisé un certain nombre d’indicateurs objectifs et uniformes en vue d’aider les
bureaux de santé publique et les autorités sanitaires régionales à évaluer les environnements
alimentaires de vente au détail de leur communauté. Le sous-groupe a proposé
trois indicateurs s’appuyant sur des sources de données facilement accessibles et sur des
données obtenues par suite d’analyses SIG pour caractériser l’accessibilité géographique
à divers types de commerces d’alimentation au détail dans des quartiers urbains. Le
présent article propose un rapport d’étape sur la mise au point de ces indicateurs de
l’environnement alimentaire.
At-a-glance - Sentinel surveillance of emergency department presentations for barbecue brush-related injuries: the electronic Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program, 2011 to 2017
Authors: Rao Deepa P. , Do Minh T. , Crain Jennifer , McFaull Steven , Stranberg Rebecca , Mersereau Teresa , Thompson Wendy
Published: October 2017

A barbecue (BBQ) brush is a common household item designed for cleaning grills used
for barbecuing. Data from the electronic Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and
Prevention Program database were analysed to estimate the frequency of injuries related
to BBQ brushes as a proportion of all injuries, as well as to describe characteristics associated
with such injury events. Between April 1, 2011 and July 17, 2017, BBQ brush
injuries were observed at a frequency of 1.5 cases per 100 000 eCHIRPP cases (N = 12).
Findings suggest that in addition to risks associated with the ingestion of loose BBQ
brush bristles attached to foods, loose bristles could also result in injury via other
mechanisms.
Arte y reforma dominicana en el siglo XV: nuevas perspectivas de estudio
Authors: Lucía Gómez-Chacón Diana
Published: October 2017

En el presente trabajo se analizan algunas de las principales consecuencias artísticas del proceso de reforma espiritual al que la Orden de Predicadores se habría visto sometida a fines de la Edad Media, entre las que destacan la creación de espacios arquitectónicos específicos y el empleo recurrente de determinados temas iconográficos.
Applying GIS for Vulnerability Assessment of Coastal Ecosystems in Hai Phong City
Authors: Canh Pham Xuan
Published: October 2017

Abstract: Economic developments in coastal zone in Hai Phong city such as industrial zones, seaports have significant impacts on living space and environment of ecosystems. Especially in climate change theme as the rising of average temperature and global mean sea level, the ecosystems here are at high risk of vulnerability. Vulnerability assesment of ecosystems is very important to detect the risk of future ecosystem degradation, which helps to define the timely measures to preserve and restore them.

Based on the study of natural and socio-economic conditions affecting the environment of ecosystem, the research developed indicators to evaluate the vulnerability of ecosystems which are divided into three groups: sensitivity, exposure, and adaptive capacity. These indicators after normalization are the inputs for mapping vulnerability assessment of ecosystems through GIS tools. The vulnerability are divided into five levels: very low, low, medium, high and very high.
Direct Measurement of Silver Anoparticles Suspended in Aqueous Solution by Liquid Electrode Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Authors: Chiều Lê Văn
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a quantitative measurement of silver nanoparticles in aqueous suspension by liquid electrode plasma atomic emission spectrometry (LEP-AES). The dependence of the LEP-AES signal intensity on voltage-pulse height and duration is investigated. The detection limit and coefficient of variation (CV) are also measured. The CV attains a minimum value of 7% for a pulse height of 1080 V and a pulse duration of 7 ms. The detection limit (3σ) of silver nanoparticles by LEP-AES, under these optimal conditions, was calculated from a calibration curve to be 0.23 µg/g.
Bounded generalized random linear operators
Authors: Nguyen Thinh
Published: October 2017

In this paper we are concerned with bounded generalized random linear operators. It is shown that each bounded generalized random linear operator can be seen as a set-valued random variable. The properties of some special bounded generalized random linear operators are given also. As an application the notion of random resolvent set of a generalized random linear operator is introduced and investigated.
Influence of Confined Optical Phonons and Laser Radiation on the Radioelectric Effect in a Cylindrical Semiconductor Quantum Wire with Parabolic Potential
Authors: Nguyen Quang Bau , Vi Ba Cao Thi , Long Do Tuan
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Based on the quantum kinetic equation method, the influence of confined optical phonons and laser radiation on the Radioelectric effect in a cylindrical semiconductor quantum wire with parabolic potential subjected to a dc electric field and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave has been theoretically studied. The obtained analytical expression of the Radioelectric field (REF) depends on frequencies and amplitudes of the external electromagnetic waves, the quantum wire parameters, the temperature of the system, and especially the quantum numbers (n and m) which characterize the phonon confinement. Numerical calculations for the GaAs/GaAsAl quantum wire show the strongly impact of the confined optical phonons as well as the laser radiation on the REF magnitude and posture. The REF also has more resonance peaks in comparison with that in case of bulk phonon.