bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der Ruhestoffwechsel gesunder und an Samenstauung erkrankter Ziegen
Authors: Wittke G. , Schönherr S.
Published: September 2010

An 5 weiblichen Ziegen, einem gesunden Bock und 2 Böcken mit sogenannter Samenstauung wurden Ruheumsatzmessungen im Douglas‐Haldane‐Verfahren ausgeführt.

Die mittlere Wärmeproduktion pro m2 Oberfläche und Stunde betrug bei dem normalen männlichen Tier 68 ± 3,6 kcal, bei den weiblichen Tieren 54 ± 7,5 und bei den Böcken mit Samenstauung 54 ± 3,8 kcal. Die Zahlen gelten für das stehende Tier, sind also keine Minimalumsatze.

Vergleich der Mittelwerte ergab einen um 26% höheren Umsatz des normalen Bockes gegenüber den weiblichen Tieren.

Die Stoffwechsellage der Böcke mit Samenstauung glich derjenigen der weiblichen Tiere.

Basal metabolism of healthy goats and goats with seminal retention

In five female goats, one healthy billy, and two billies with so‐called “seminal retention” (obstruction of testicular and epididymal ducts by dead sperm) the resting metabolic rate was determined by the Douglas‐Haldane method.

The mean heat production / sq. m./hr. was 68 ± kcal in the normal male, 54 ± 7.5 in the female, and 54 ± 3.8 in males with seminal congestion. The values apply to the standing animal and are thus not minimal ones.

Comparison of the mean values shows the males to be 26% higher than the females.

The B. M. R. of males with seminal retention was the same as that of females.

Le métabolisme de repos chez des chèvres saines et chez des boucs atteints de rétention séminale

Chez 5 chèvres femelles, un bouc sain et deux boucs atteints de rétention séminale, on effectua des mesures du métabolisme au repos par le procédé de Douglas‐Haldane.

La production moyenne de chaleur par m2 de surface corporelle et par heure, se monta chez le bouc normal à 68 ± 3,6 kcal., chez les chèvres à 54 ± 7,5 et chez les boucs atteints de rétention séminale à 54 ± 3,8 kcal. Ces chiffres sont valables pour les animaux en position debout et ne sont donc pas des mesures du métabolisme minimum.

Une comparaison des valeurs moyennes donne un métabolisme normal du bouc supérieur de 26% à celui des chèvres.

Le métabolisme des boucs atteints de rétention séminale se montra égal à celui des chèvres.

El metabolismo de reposo de cabras sanas y enfermas por ligadura de los conductos eyaculadores

En 5 cabras, un bode sano y 2 cabrones con ligadura de los conductos eyaculadores se realizaron medidas del metabolismo de reposo según la técnica de Douglas‐Haldane.

La producción media de calor por m2 de superficie y hora se elevó a 68 ± 3,6 kcal. en el macho normal, a 54 ± 7,5 kcal. en las hembras y a 54 ± 3,8 kcal. en los cabrones con los conductos eyaculadores ligados.

La comparación de los valores medios dió una transformación superior en un 26% en el macho normal frente a la de las hembras.

El nivel metabólico de los bodes con éstasis seminal se asemejaba al de las cabras.
Zur Topographie der Bauchorgane des Schweines unter besonderer Berücksichtigung verschiedener Füllungszustände des Magens
Authors: Graeger Kurt
Published: September 2010

In Anbetracht unterschiedlicher Angaben in der Literatur wird über die Lage von Magen, Darm, Leber und Milz des Schweines berichtet. Als Untersuchungsmaterial standen 20 Tiere im Gewicht von 30–200 kg zur Verfügung. Von diesen Schweinen waren 8 in situ formalinfixiert und wiesen einen unterschiedlichen Füllungszustand des Magens auf, um dessen Einfluß auf den Situs der Bauchorgane festzustellen. Es ergab sich, daß die Lage von Magen, Jejunum, Colon ascendens und Milz in starkem Maße vom Grad der Magenfüllung abhängig ist.

The topography of the abdominal organs in the pig with special reference to variations in the volume of the stomach

Because of disagreement in published accounts the author describes the position of the stomach, intestine, liver and spleen in the pig, after examining 20 animals weighing 30 to 200 kg. Eight of the animals were fixed in situ with formalin and showed varying degrees of gastric filling, which made it possible to study the influence of stomach volume on the position of the abdominal organs. The results showed that the positions of the stomach, jejunum, ascending colon and spleen depend to a large extent on the volume of the stomach.

La topographie des organes abdominaux chez le porc en tenant compte des variations physiologiques du volume de l'estomac

Comme les indications données dans la littérature ne concordent pas, l'auteur décrit la situation de l'estomac, de l'intestin, du foie et de la rate chez le porc. Le matériel d'examen comprenaît 20 animaux pesant de 30 à 200 Kg. Sur ces animaux, 8 furent fixés in situ par le formol et présentaient un contenu gastrique variable permettant de constater l'influence du volume de l'estomac sur la situation des organes abdominaux. On constata que la position de l'estomac, du jéjunum, du colon ascendant et de la rate dépend dans une grande mesure du contenu alimentaire de l'estomac.

Sobre la topografía de los órganos de la cavidad abdominal del cerdo bajo la consideración especial de los diversos estados de replección del estómago

Debido a la discordancia de los datos que se encuentran en la bibliografía se informa sobre la posición del estómago, intestino, hígado y bazo del cerdo. Como material de experimentación se encontraban disponibles 20 animales con pesos comprendidos entre los 30 y 200 kilos.

De estos cerdos se fijaron 8 “in situ” con formalina, presentando un grado diverso de replección del estómago, con el fin de determinar su influencia sobre la situación de las vísceras abdominales. De ello se infiere que la situación del estómago, yeyuno, colon ascendente y bazo dependen en gran parte del grado de replección estomacal.
Ein Beitrag zur Reindarstellung des Psittakose‐Virus durch Behandlung mit Trypsin
Authors: Roots E. , Rott R.
Published: September 2010

Es wird ein Verfahren zur Reinigung des Psittakose ‐ Virus beschrieben, das einwandfreie elektronenmikroskopische Bilder ermöglicht. Die im Unter‐suchungsmaterial (infektiöse Eiflüssigkeiten) vorhandenen groben Beimengungen wurden durch niedertourige Zentrifugation (3 Minuten lang bei 2000 U/min) entfernt, die Überstände mehrmals bei 4200 g gewaschen und die so gewonnenen Sedimente mit Trypsin 3 Stunden lang bei 40° C behandelt. Nach erneutem mehrmaligem Waschen war der für optische Untersuchungen erforderliche Reinigungsgrad erreicht.

An den Viren konnten morphologische Veränderungen, die durch die Art der Behandlung bedingt sein könnten, nicht festgestellt werden.

Für die wertvolle Hilfe beim Arbeiten am Elektronenmikroskop und für die photographische Arbeit danken wir der technischen Assistentin Frl. Inge‐Marie Schultze verbindlichst.

Studies on the purification of the psittacosis virus with trypsin

A method was described of purifying Psittacosis virus for use in the electronmicroscope. The material to be examined (fluid from infected eggs) was centrifuged at low speed (3 minutes at 2000 rpm). The supernatant was washed several times at 4200 g. The resulting precipitate was treated with trypsin for 3 hours at 40° C. After several additional washings the preparation was ready for use. Specimens prepared by this method were found to be free from undesirable background contaminations. No alterations due to this treatment could be detected in the virus.

Recherches sur la purification par la trypsine du virus de la psittacose

Les auteurs décrivent un procédé de purification du virus de la psittacose, permettant une microscopie électronique impeccable. Les impuretés grossières contenues dans le matériel d'examen (liquides infectieux de l'oeuf) sont enlevés par une centrifugation de 3 minutes à 2000 tours/mn. Les suspensions restantes sont lavées plusieurs fois à 4200 g et le sédiment est traité à la trypsine pendant trois heures à 40°C. Après plusieurs lavages successifs on obtient le degré de purification nécessaire pour les examens optiques.

On ne put constater aucune modification morphologique du virus qui puisse être imputée au procédé de purification.

Contribución al aislamiento al estado puro de virus de la psittacosis mediante el tratamiento con tripsina

Se describe una técnica para purificar el virus de la psitacosis, permitiendo la obtención de imágenes perfectas a través del microscopio electrónico. Las impurezas más groseras presentes en el material analizado (líquidos infecciosos del huevo) se separaron mediante la centrifugación a poco velocidad (durante tres minutos a 2.000 r.p.m.), el líquido sobrenadante se lavó varias veces con 4.200 g, y los sedimentos así obtenidos se trataron entonces con tripsina durante 3 horas a 40°C. Después de lavar nuevamente repetidas veces, se había logrado el grado de pureza precisado para las investigaciones ópticas.

En los virus no se pudieron comprobar alteraciones morfológicas que pudieran estar condicionades por este tipo de tratamiento.
Über intrathorakale Eingriffe am Pferd und Rind für physiologische Untersuchungen des Herzens1
Authors: Wintzer H.‐J.
Published: September 2010

Für physiologische Herzuntersuchungen wurden bei 8 Rindern und 5 Pferden der Thorax eröffnet. Die dabei aufgetretenen chirurgischen Fragen über die künstliche Beatmung, die Narkose und den Operationsgang werden geschildert.

Intrathoracic intervention in the horse and ox in physiological studies on the heart

Thoracotomy was carried out on 8 cattle and 5 horses and the author describes the surgical problems encountered, such as artificial respiration, narcosis and surgical technique.

Les interventions intrathoracales chez le cheval et le boeuf pour l'étude physiologique du coeur

Pour étudier la physiologie du coeur, on effectua une thoracotomie chez 8 bovins et 5 chevaux. L'auteur rapporte les problèmes chirurgicaux qui se sont posés, tels que respiration artificielle, narcose et mode opératoire.

Sobre las intervenciones intratorácicas en el caballo y en los bóvidos para realizar estudios fisiológicos en el corazón

Sobre las intervenciones intratorácicas en el caballo y en los bóvidos ra realizar estudios fisiológicos en el corazón.

Para efectuar estudios cardiofisiológicos se abrió el tórax a 8 bóvidos y 5 caballos. Se describen los problemas quirúrgicos referentes a la respiración artificial, la anestesia y la marcha de la operación.
Die Hüftgelenkstopographie des Hundes und der Zugang zum Gelenk
Authors: Künzel Erich
Published: September 2010

Es wird die Topographie des Hüftgelenkes des Hundes dargestellt unter besonderer Berücksichtigung operativer und experimenteller Bedingungen für einen Zugang zum Gelenk.

The topography of the hip joint of the dog

The topography of the hip joint in the dog is described, with special reference to operative and experimental conditions for access to this articulation.

La topographie de l'articulation de la hanche chez le chien

La topographie de l'articulation de la hanche chez le chien fait l'objet d'une description ayant notamment pour but de faciliter les interventions chirurgicales et expérimentales sur cette articulation.

La topografía de la región ilíaca y el acceso a la articulación coxo‐femoral del perro

Se representa topografía de la articulación de la cadera del perro, bajo la consideración especial de las condiciones quirúrgicas y experimentales para el acceso a la articulación.
Electrocardiographic and clinical features of spontaneous auricular fibrillation and flutter (tachycardia) in dogs: Comparison with spontaneous auricular fibrillation and flutter in other species and with experimentally induced arrhythmias in dogs
Authors: Detweiler D. K.
Published: September 2010

Elektrokardiographische und klinische Erscheinungen von spontanem Vorhofflimmern und Vorhofflattern (Tachycardie) bei Hunden

Es wird über 22 spontane Vorhofflimmernfälle, zwei spontane Vorhofflatternfälle bei Hunden berichtet. Die klinischen Zeichen, die Behandlungswirkung, die elektrokardiographischen Kennzeichen und die Zerlegungsbefunde der Fälle werden dargestellt und diskutiert. Die klinische Bedeutung des Vorhofflimmerns und ‐flatterns des Hundes werden nach der experimentellen Literatur und der Befunde bei diesen Fällen erwogen. Es wird auch eine Methode mit Chloralhydrat und Adrenalin besprochen, die das Vorhofflimmern verursacht. Diese wurde jedoch als unzuverlässig befunden. Die elektrokardiographischen Züge des Vorhofflimmerns und ‐flatterns beim Pferd, Rind, Menschen und Hund werden verglichen.

Manifestations électrocardiographiques et cliniques de fibrillation et de flutter auriculaires (tachycardie) spontanés chez le chien

Vingt‐deux cas de fibrillation auriculaire spontanée, deux cas de flutter auriculaire spontanée et deux cas de flutter auriculaire induit par traitement de quinidine sulfate ont été discutés. Les signes cliniques, les effets de traitement, les signes électrocardiographiques et les résultats des nécropsies ont été rapportés. La signifiance clinique de la fibrillation auriculaire spontanée et de la flutter auriculaire du chien a été considerée d'après la literature experimentelle et des résultats de ces cas.

Une autre méthode d'induire la fibrillation auriculaire avec du chloral hydrate et l'adrénaline a été décrite. Mais elle a été trouvée incertaine.

Les traits électrocardiographiques de la fibrillation auriculaire et de la flutter auriculaire du cheval, du boeuf, de l'homme et du chien on été comparés.

Manifestaciones electrocardiográficas y clínicas de la fibrilación y tremulación auriculares (taquicardia) del perro

Se informa sobre 22 casos de fibrilación auricular espontánea y 2 casos de tremulación auricular espontánea en perros. Se exponen y discuten los síntomas clínicos, la acción terapéutica, las características electrocardiográficas y los hallazgos necrópsicos de los casos estudiados. Se considera la importancia clínica de la fibrilación y tremulación auriculares en el perro según la literatura experimental y los hallazgos de estos casos. También se comenta un método con hidrato de cloral y adrenalina, que provoca la fibrilación auricular. Sin embargo, fué considerado como inseguro. Se comparan los rasgos electrocardiográficos de la fibrilación y tremulación auriculares en el caballo, en la vaca, en el hombre y en el perro.
Die Wirkung des Vitamins B12 auf den Lecithin‐Gehalt des Eidotters
Authors: Lenkeit W. , Hoyer E.
Published: September 2010

Nach parenteraler Zufuhr von Vitamin B12 bei legenden Hennen wurde eine Steigerung des Lecithingehaltes des Eidotters beobachtet. Der nicht immer gleichmäßige Einfluß wird u. a. mit dem Umfang der bakteriellen Synthese von B12 in den Blinddärmen in Zusammenhang gebracht.

The effect of vitamin B12 on the lecithin content of the egg yolk

Parenteral administration of vitamin B12 to laying hens was followed by a rise in the lecithin content of the yolk. That the effect was not always constant may be due to microbial synthesis of vitamin B12 in the caeca.

L'action de la vitamine B 12 sur la teneur en lécithine du jaune d'oeuf

Après administration parentérale de la vitamine B12 à des poules pondeuses, on constata une augmentation de la teneur en lécithine du jaune d'oeuf. Cette influence n'est pas constante et semble dépendre de la synthèse microbienne de la vitamine B12 dans les caecums.

La acción de la vitamina B‐12 sobre el contenido en lecitina de la yema

Tras la administración parenteral de vitamina B‐12 a gallinas ponedoras se observó un aumento del contenido en lecitina de la yema. La influencia no siempre uniforme se relaciona entre otras cosas con la magnitud de la síntesis bacteriana de vitamina B‐12 en los intestinos ciegos.
Resorptionsstudien an Nutztieren
Authors: Erkol Macit , Bronsch Kurt
Published: September 2010

Mit Hilfe der vergleichenden Bilanz und unter Benutzung von Darmkanülen konnte die Phosphat‐Resorption im Enddarmabschnitt (Caecum bis Rectum) von Kaninchen mit 46,9 ± 5,1% ermittelt werden. Im Vergleich hierzu zeigte das gesamte Intestinum eine 68,9 ± 7,0%ige PO4‐Resorption, ein Wert, der mit anderen Autoren und auch für andere Tierarten gut übereinstimmt.

Absorption studies on domestic animals. II. Phosphate absorption in large intestine of the rabbit

With the help of comparative balance studies and the use of intestinal cannuli the absorption of phosphate in the terminal intestine (caecum and rectum) of rabbits was found to be 46.9 ± 5.1%. In comparison, absorption of phosphate from the whole intestine was 68.9 ± 7.0%, a value which agrees well with those of other authors for different species.

La résorption des phosphates dans le gros intestin du lapin

Au moyen du bilan comparé et en utilisant des sondes intestinales, la mesure de la résorption du phosphate dans la partie terminale de l'intestin (du coecum au rectum) donna 46,9 ± 5,1%. Par comparaison l'ensemble de l'intestin présenta une résorption de 68,9 ± 7,0%, valeur correspondant aux indications données par d'autres auteurs, même pour des espèces animales différentes.

La resorción de fosfato en el tramo del intestino grueso del conejo

Con ayuda del balance comparado y utilizando cánulas intestinales, se pudo determinar la resorción de fosfato en el segmento final del intestino (desde el ciego hasta el recto) del conejo con 46,9 ± 5,1%. En comparación con esto, el intestino total presentaba una resorción de PO4 de 68,9 ± 7,0%, un valor que coincide bien con los datos de otros autores, así como también con los valores de otras especies animales.
Modified Method for Thymectomy of the Rat
Authors: Papp Eugene , Venzke W. G.
Published: September 2010

Thymectomy was performed on 237 rats at various ages. The modified technique for thymectomy of the rat at the age of 19 to 21 days was found to be successful, simple, and virtually free from surgical complications.

Veränderte Methoden zur Thymektomie bei der Ratte

Bei 237 Ratten wurde in verschiedenem Alter eine Thymektomie ausgeführt. Die veränderte Technik zur Thymektomie bei der Ratte im Alter von 19 bis 21 Tagen zeigte sich als erfolgreich, einfach und tatsächlich frei von chirurgischen Komplikationen.

Une méthode de thymectomie modifiée chez le rat

On effectua chez 237 rats une thymectomie à des ǎges différents. La technique modifiée utilisée chez des rats de 19 à 21 jours se montra efficace, simple et exempte de complications chirurgicales.

Técnica modificada en la timectomía de la rata

En 237 ratas se procedió a la timectomía en diversas edades. La técnica alterada para la timectomía en ratas a la edad comprendida entre 19 y 21 días se mostró efectiva, sencilla y verdaderamente libre de complicaciones quirúrgicas.

Thymectomy was performed on 237 rats of various ages. The ideal age for the operation was found to be 19–21 days. Surgery was performed under moderate depth ether anesthesia. The ventral surfaces of the neck and thorax were shaved after swabbing with merthiolate. A 1–2 cm. skin incision was made along the midline in this area, and the sternum was split from the manubrium sterni to the level of the second or third rib. The incision was spread and the thymus dissected out with forceps. The sternum was reunified with 00 gut suture. Skin closure was accomplished with wound clips. The method was found to be simple and the results excellent. Five figures illustrating the procedures are included.
Entwicklung und Histochemie der Kerneinschlußkörperchen in Gewebekulturen aus Rinderhodenzellen bei der Rhinotracheitis infectiosa des Rindes
Authors: Schimmelpfennig H. , Liess B.
Published: September 2010

Der in Westdeutschland kulturell isolierte Rhinotracheitisvirusstamm B1 verursacht in der Gewebekultur gleichartige Veränderungen wie mehrere von anderer Seite untersuchte amerikanische Rhinotracheitisvirusstämme.

Die Entwicklung der amphophilen, Feulgen‐positiven, im Brachet‐Test, der Perjodsäure‐Schiff‐Reaktion sowie in der Sudan III‐Färbung negativen Kerneinschlußkörperchen (Typ A) verläuft ähnlich wie beim Herpesvirus über mehrere Vorstadien. Das fertige Kerneinschlußkörperchen stellt nur eine fixationsabhängige Darstellungsart des der Viruseinwirkung unterliegenden Zellkerns dar.

The development and histochemistry of nuclear inclusions in tissue cultures of bovine testes produced by the virus of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

The strain of infectious rhinotracheitis B isolated in Western Germany in culture produces similar changes in tissue culture to a variety of other strains of the virus isolated in America.

The formation of amphophile inclusions which are Feulgen‐positive but are negative to the Brachet test, P.A.S. and Sudan III is similar to what happens with herpes virus in the early stages. The final inclusions in the nuclei represent merely the effect of the virus demonstrated by different methods of fixation.

La formation et l'histochimie des inclusions nucléaires dans les cultures de cellules testiculaires bovines dans la rhinotrachéite infectieuse du boeuf

La souche de virus de la rhino‐trachéite infectieuse B1 isolée en Allemagne par culture provoque dans la culture de tissu les mêmes lésions que plusieurs souches étudiées ailleurs du virus américain de la maladie.

La formation des inclusions nucléaires amphophiles se colorant par le Feulgen mais négatifs au test de Brachet, à la réaction acide periodique‐Schiff ainsi qu'au Soudan III n'est qu'une forme de présentation dépendant de la fixation du noyau cellulaire soumis à l'action du virus.

Desarrollo e histoquímica de los corpúsculos de inclusión nuclear en cultivos hísticos de células testiculares bovinas en la rinotraqueitis infecciosa del ganado vacuno

La cepa B1 del virus de la rinotraqueitis, aislada por medio de cultivo en la República Federal Alemana, ocasiona en el cultivo hístico alteraciones similares a varias cepas americanas del virus de la rinotraqueitis estudiadas por otros autores. El desarrollo de los corpusculos de inclusión nuclear amfófilos, Feulgen‐positivos, negativos en la prueba de Brachet, en la reacción del ácido peryódico de Schiff, así como en la coloración con Sudan III, sólo resulta ser una forma representativa dependiente de la fijación del núcleo celular sometido a la acción del virus.
Messungen am Uterus der Katze in den Zyklusphasen*
Authors: FABIAN GERDA , PREUSS FRITZ
Published: September 2010

Am Endometrium der Katze findet sich in den verschiedenen Phasen des Sexualzyklus das größte Schleimhautvolumen im Postoestrum und das geringste im Praeoestrum. Das Oberflächenepithel hat seine größte Höhe im Postoestrum, seine geringste Höhe im Interoestrum. Die Uterindrüsen erreichen ihr Maximum im Postoestrum. Das Verhalten der Flächenwerte sowie die zytomorphologischen Angaben werden diskutiert.

Measurements on the endometrium of the cat in the different phases of the oestrous cycle

The endometrial mucosa reaches its greatest volume in post‐oestrus and its minimum in pre‐oestrus. The surface epithelium is tallest in post‐oestrus and shortest during inter‐oestrus. The uterine glands reach their maximal development in post‐oestrus. The relationship of the changes in area and their cytological significance are discussed.

Mensurations effectuées sur l'endomètre du Chat dans les différentes phases du cycle oestrien

L'endomètre du Chat présente au cours du cycle oestral un volume maximum dans le post‐oestrus et un volume minimum dans le préoestrus. L'épithélium superficiel atteint son épaisseur maximum dans le post‐oestrus, la hauteur minima dans le dioestrus. Les glandes utérines atteignent leur maximum dans le post‐oestrus. Les auteurs discutent les valeurs trouvées pour les superficies ainsi que les aspects cytomorphologiques de la question.

Mediciones en el útero de gata en las fases cíclicas

En el endometrio de la gata se encuentra en las diversas fases del ciclo sexual el mayor volumen de la mucosa en el postoestro y el menor en el pre‐oestro. El epitelio superficial tiene su mayor altura en el postoestro y su menor altura durante el interoestro. Las glándulas uterinas alcanzan su maximo en el postoestro. Se discute el porte de los valores superficiales y los datos citomorfológicos.
Effect of Coli Endotoxin on some Blood Constituents of the Pig
Authors: Muylle E. , Oyaert W.
Published: September 2010

Intravenous administration to pigs of either brutotoxin or an extract of lipopolysaccharides prepared from E. coli cultures produces blood changes similar to those obtained with endotoxins in laboratory animals. A marked leucopenia and hyperglycemia followed by hypoglycemia were observed.

Die Veränderungen, welche im Blut von Schweinen nach intravenöser Injektion von Brutotoxin oder von Extrakt von Lipopolysacchariden aus E. Coli‐Keimen beobachtet werden, sind dieselben, welche bei Laboratoriumsversuchstieren festgestellt werden, nämlich eine deutliche Leukopenie und Hyperglykämie mit darauffolgender Hypoglykämie.

L'effet des endotoxines colibacillaires sur quelques éléments sanguins chez le Porc

Les modifications constatées dans le sang des porcs après l'injection intraveineuse de toxine brute ou d'un extrait de lipo‐polysaccharides d'E. coli sont les mêmes qui ont été constatées chez les animaux de laboratoire, c'est à dire une leucopénie et une hyperglycémie nettes avec hypoglycémie consécutive.

Efecto de la coliendotoxina sobre algunos componentes de la sangre porcina

Las alteraciones que se observaron en la sangre de cerdos tras la inyección intravenosa de brutotoxina o de extracto de lipopolisacáridos de gérmenes E. coli, son las mismas que se comprobaron en animales de ensayo en laboratorio, es decir una clara leucopenia e hiperglucemia con subsiguiente hipoglucemia.
“Atlantic Revolution” or Local Difficulty: Aspects of Revolt in Brazil, 1780–1880
Authors: Geary Dick
Published: September 2010

It has become commonplace to argue that the ideals of the Enlightenment, the American War of Independence and the French Revolution inspired revolutionary struggles on both sides of the Atlantic and even played an increasing role in the inspiration of slave revolts in the Americas. This paper tests this hypothesis against two kinds of upheaval, namely slave revolt in Brazil between 1780 and 1850 and artisan protest in the so‐called Praiera Rising in Brazilian Recife in 1848/9, seen by Hobsbawm and others (including some Brazilian historians) as a South American variant of the Parisian upheavals of the same year. The analysis of slave revolts in this paper, on the other hand, concludes that they were rarely inspired by Western discourse, as they were overwhelmingly the work of African slaves, who relied on African — or to be more precise — Afro‐Brazilian traditions, including local cults and African Islam. In so far as there was an “Atlantic Revolution” in this case, therefore, it came from the South and not the North Atlantic. In the case of the Praiera the paper further demonstrates that the demands of free and freed Brazilian artisans for “work for all Brazilians” and the “nationalisation of the retail trade” were not inspired by the same kind of radical, anti‐merchant ideology as their Parisian counterparts but were primarily driven by hostility to the competition of both slave artisans and an influx of Portuguese craftsmen. This difference it explains by the different meaning of labour in slave and non‐slave society.
Infrastructure Finance and Industrial Takeoff in England
Authors: TREW ALEX
Published: September 2010

That financial matters did not constrain industrial takeoff in the UK is generally accepted in the historical literature; in contrast, contemporary empirical analyses have found evidence that financial development can be a causal determinant of economic growth. We look to reconcile these findings by concentrating on a particular aspect of industrializing UK where inefficiencies in finance could have had bite: the finance of physical infrastructures. We document the historical record and develop the importance of spatial disaggregation and spillovers in both technological and financial development. We develop a simple model that captures the nature of infrastructure finance within a theory of endogenous growth where financial costs are endogenous. We argue that the conception of the finance‐growth nexus as a largely static, aggregative phenomenon misses out a good deal of complexity and we relate that complexity to a number of implications for regulation of both financial systems and the emergence of infrastructures.
Are Financial Constraints Priced? Evidence from Firm Fundamentals and Stock Returns
Authors: CAMPELLO MURILLO , CHEN LONG
Published: September 2010

Using comprehensive firm‐ and aggregate‐level data, this paper studies the real and financial implications of capital market imperfections. We first examine whether financially constrained firms' business fundamentals (capital spending and operating earnings) are more sensitive to macroeconomic movements than unconstrained firms' fundamentals. We then examine whether financial constraint “return factors” respond to macroeconomic shocks in tandem with the responses from business fundamentals. The evidence in this paper points to financial constraints affecting both fundamental quantities and asset returns.
Induction of Heme Oxygenase‐1 by Whisky Congeners in Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Suzuki Keiko , Nemoto Asuka , Tanaka Izumi , Koshimizu Seiichi , Suwa Yoshihide , Ishihara Hiroshi
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  It is expected that the production of the cytoprotective heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) protein in endothelial cells would reduce severity of vascular injuries, while phenolic compounds are known to induce HO‐1 mRNA and protein in various cells. We investigated the activation of HO‐1 by whisky, which contains various phenolic substances. The congeners of whisky stored from 4 to 18 y in oak barrels were shown to induce an increase of HO‐1 protein in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, while those of freshly distilled whisky spirit exhibited no activity. To determine the compounds with potent HO‐1‐inducing activity among the whisky congeners, several chemicals that had been reported to exist in whisky or oak barrels were screened, and coniferyl aldehyde and sinapyl aldehyde showed the activity. Thus, compounds that emerged in whisky during barrel storage induced cytoprotective protein, HO‐1, in human endothelial cells.
Design innovation: A Case for the creative nexus between people and technology
Authors: Walton Thomas
Published: September 2010

AT THE WASHINGTON POST, computer graphics had been around for a while. And certainly, many of the unionized artists, typographers and compositors had enjoyed an even longer tenure at the paper. But when the technology and human talents were creatively brought together in the new Advertising Operations department, the result was an innovative approach to producing ads that improved quality, lifted morale, created more responsive relationships with customers and held the promise of making significant contributions to the company's bottom line.
A DESIGN FRONTIER: Corporate Identity and Design Management at Eurotunnel
Authors: Gorb Peter , Turner Raymond
Published: September 2010

THE EUROTUNNEL LINKING the U.K. and France under the English Channel is the largest civil engineering project in the world. In this vast and intricate undertaking, Peter Gorb and Raymond Turner distill how corporate identity and design have been managed, how they function, and how they are staffed. Among the outcomes of the study are valuable lessons concerning distinctions between identity and design management and their respective positions in an organizational structure.
Purchasing the DESIGN OF SERVICE
Authors: Leinbach Charles
Published: September 2010

AS THE DISTINCTIONS between products and services blur, purchasers of design services are challenged to reassess both what they outsource to external organizations and how they specify the increasingly service‐dominated components of their businesses. Charles Leinbach offers strategies for defining these needs, identifying the mix of design talents required to fulfill them, and evaluating the quality and success of service elements provided by outsiders.
Design Education and Research: A Theoretical Model for the Future
Authors: de Mozota Brigitte Borja
Published: September 2010

HOW CAN THE VALUE of design be better understood and made more accessible to non‐design managers? Brigitte Borja de Mozota's response is to offer two very different options. Her evolutionary path explores how design can enrich the traditional arenas of management decision making and strategy. Her revolutionary path outlines a more radical approach where design thinking doesn't simply enrich but actually takes the lead in addressing management problems.
Industrial Design and the Government
Authors: Mcausland Randy
Published: September 2010

TO CREATE A NATIONAL DESIGN policy in the US would require a strategy for involving US policy makers committed to its establishment. This is no easy task. Existing government agencies can be skeptical and protective of their turf, the conflicting goals of specialinterests can doom even the most noble of ideas, and the legislative process can take years of lobbying and debate. Based on valuable design‐policy‐making experience, Randy McAusland offers his recommendations for establishing an enduring American profile for design.
Concept Development for High‐Technology and Medical Products
Authors: Vogel Brian L.
Published: September 2010

IN THE HIGH‐TECH AREA, when should technology and when should design lead the product‐development process? How can design help convey the value and function of a new high‐tech invention? What impact does regulation have on concept development in the arena of medical products? Citing numerous examples, these are just a few of the issues Brian Vogel analyzes as he outlines how the traditional concept‐development process can be adapted to meet the needs of some special—but increasingly common—product situations.
Information Communication Technology REDEFINES Design Management
Authors: Jennings Mary
Published: September 2010

THE TRADITION IN MANAGING identities has been to put design control in the hands of trained experts. As Mary Jennings writes, however, new computer technologies and the growing diversity of corporate communications issues, schedules, and project types is changing the way identity work is executed. There is a blurring of distinctions among disciplines, and this offers new opportunities and challenges to designers and design managers.
Putting a Hard Edge ON SOFT VALUES: The Higher Order of Cross‐Functional Multidisciplinary Teams
Authors: Beckwith Deanne
Published: September 2010

FOR THE NETHERLANDS‐BASED Philips corporation, one person has made a big difference in its cross‐functional teams. As described in this analysis by Deanne Beckwith, Stefano Marzano's “High Design” strategy exploits a staff trained as facilitators to merge the insights of psychologists, anthropologists, and sociologists with recommendations from specialists in engineering, marketing, ergonomics, design, and materials science. The outcome is a product line with a distinctive cultural profile and a special emphasis on social and environmental responsibility
Making Sense of Making Sense: Frameworks and Organizational Perception
Authors: Robinson Rick E.
Published: September 2010

RICK ROBINSON PERSUASIVELY ARGUES that perception is “more like conversation than it is like vision.” In this dynamic environment, executives responsible for managing organizational perception must understand the elements of the dialogue, if they are to find ways to influence that discussion and the way people construct perceptions. Robinson believes this is possible if managers analyze perceptions based on a combination of individual, social, and cultural frameworks, and then try to modify key features within those frameworks.
Designing for the DECISION POINT
Authors: Hansen James G.
Published: September 2010

IN MARKETING CONSUMER PRODUCTS, one of the more crucial moments occurs when the customer sees the item on the shelf. Here, package design can play a dominant role in the decision to buy. But, as Jim Hansen argues, design can have an even greater impact on sales if it is used as a catalyst to integrate R&D and manufacturing with product development and marketing. He illustrates the power of this cross‐functional strategy with a fascinating case study detailing the evolution of a line of True Temper gardening tools.
CORPORATE VOICE in Relation to Product Brands
Authors: Keefe Linda
Published: September 2010

A CRITICAL BUSINESS CHALLENGE is determining the optimum relationship between the identity of a corporation and the identities of its various products. Based on the concept of “involvement”—the value an audience places on corporate and/or brand identity—Linda Keefe proposes criteria that allow managers to determine when corporate identity should be paramount, when the brand name is all‐important, when a shared identity is useful, and when neither corporate nor brand identity will have much impact on the promotion of a product.
THREELEGS OF THE STOOL: An Interview with Robert J. Saldich, President and CEO, Raychem Corporation
Authors: Ingols Cynthia A.
Published: September 2010

AT RAYCHEM, DESIGN, INNOVATION, and customer service go hand‐in‐hand. In this interview, Cynthia Ingols gets Robert Saldich, the company's president and CEO, to elaborate on these relationships. He explains how the product group is pivotal in exploiting the corporation's global presence and its strengths in material science and process engineering as a strategy for helping customers solve problems and expanding its product line.
Cross Functional Interactions in Product Development and Their Impact on Project Performance
Authors: Ruekert Robert W.
Published: September 2010

MANAGERS MIGHT ASSUME that integrating disciplines on a project team is the key to creatively solving complex problems, stimulating innovation, and improving efficiency What Robert Ruekert points out is that when it comes to marketing, R&D, and operations, sometimes such interaction helps and sometimes it doesn't. His research, based on the in‐depth study of forty‐nine projects, is particularly useful for both managers and designers because it starts to identify more precisely the most effective kinds of interaction in the development process.
CHAOS or CHORUS
Authors: Waters John
Published: September 2010

THE DIGITAL WORLD flattens hierarchy, empowers individuals, and enables networks of those previously unconnected to interact. In this context, a rigid, monolithic identity is impossible. In its place, John Waters posits the “zig zag identity,” an organizational profile hallmarked by values and principles that guide creativity along pathways that balance the corporate message with personal expression. Recent work for The Wall Street Journal and Dow Jones illustrates the isomorphic design strategy that emerges from what Waters dubs “soft controls.”
Corporate Identity: What's Next
Authors: Group Doblin
Published: September 2010

IDENTITY HAS MATURED and is changing still. The recent shift from corporate identity to brands is set to shift again. Interests themselves are becoming paramount, with savvy companies seeking to align their messages around a network of intrinsically compelling activities and ideas. Doblin Group believes this is a whole new identity era, and introduces the notion of “WebArenas” to illustrate.
The Potential, Power, and Challenges of Identity in Digital Communications: A Case Study of Microsoft Info Source
Authors: Carlson Dale
Published: September 2010

THE STRATEGY WAS to enrich Microsoft's identity by amplifying it within an important support product—a database of hardware, software, and service providers aligned with Microsoft. Figuring out how to navigate through over 4,000 entries was one problem. For Dale Carlson and his group, however, the central concern was how to develop a graphic interface that clearly presented the information and information pathways while simultaneously reinforcing Microsoft's identity and key corporate messages.
Beyond Work‐for‐Hire: Results ˜ Based Compensation in the Client—Consultant Relationship
Authors: Cellini Richard J. , Faust William Hull
Published: September 2010

IT IS WELL KNOWN that the efforts of design consultants can add significant value to client businesses. Less well known are approaches to compensation that offer consultants rewards more closely tied to the success (or failure) of their clients. As Richard Cellini and William Faust explain, arrangements such as royalty‐paying licenses, stock options, and joint ventures are among six alternatives to traditional “work‐for‐hire” contracts.
CLIENT READINESS: Cultivating Clients that Support Good Design
Authors: Williamson Jack , Kalmar William J. , Tischler James
Published: September 2010

WHAT CONVINCES AN ORGANIZATION to take those first steps into the design arena and hire a consultant? Jack Williamson gets two executives—one from a nonprofit and one from the public sector—to narrate their respective discoveries of design as a resource and outlines seven readiness factors consultants might watch for and nurture in the never‐ending search for new clients.
DesignAlabama: A State Design Center Responds to CHANGING TIMES
Authors: Setzer Franklin
Published: September 2010

CAN A STATE DESIGN ORGANIZATION survive in lean economic times? DesignAlabama is making plans it believes will not only insure its survival but help it thrive. Frank Setzer points out how this not‐for‐profit agency is building creative partnerships with other design‐related institutions, redefining its publications effort to attract outside sponsors, expanding membership, and reorganizing its community design initiative so that towns will be better prepared to translate design visions into completed projects. It's quite a success story.
DESIGNING FOR COLLECTIVE MEMORY: The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Authors: Appelbaum Ralph
Published: September 2010

IN THIS MUSEUM, the stories of individuals have been woven into the larger saga of a crime against humanity, and we become witnesses to a great human tragedy. Ralph Appelbaum shares the dilemmas he and his associates confronted in developing these exhibits and the design decisions they made to create an experience of extraordinary power, one that carefully balances facts and emotions.
See Me, Feel Me, Touch Me, Peel Me: The Design of Good Grips Kitchen Tools
Authors: Formosa Daniel
Published: September 2010

THERE IS A WONDERFUL STORY behind these award‐winning products. In terms of business, it's a tale about transforming commodities—basic kitchen utensils—into unique, highly desirable and useful kitchen aids. In terms of design management, it's a saga, narrated by insider Daniel Formosa, about focusing on “experiences” as the strategy for adding value to age‐old consumer items. The delightful journey moves from bicycle shops to the shop floor of a factory and ends up with customers peeling carrots in a linen store. Enjoy the odyssey
MEASURING THE DESIGN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Rutter Bryce G.
Published: September 2010

IF MANAGERS ARE RESPONSIBLE for designing consumer experiences, then Bryce Rutter argues that taking advance measurements—real, quantifiable measurements, not notes from focus‐group sessions—is essential to discovering opportunities, avoiding costly mistakes, and assuring the best fit. He is convinced the process is not as difficult as most think and amplifies this assertion with a discussion of several techniques and specific applications.
Design Equity: A Corporate Perspective
Authors: Olson Eric M.
Published: September 2010

HOW CAN EXECUTIVES and managers articulate the value of design? Eric Olson approaches the topic by thoughtfully defining the concept of “design equity.” Tangible components of design equity encompass product, environmental, and communications designs to the degree that these elements create competitive advantages for their corporations. The intangible aspects of design equity include the proprietary talents designers contribute to the core competencies of an organization.
New Media and the Future of Interactive Devices
Authors: Hood Phil
Published: September 2010

AS THE ELECTRONIC evolution continues, we are, according to Phil Hood, moving into a fourth generation of computers. He sees these “picocomputers” —personal, information, computing, and organizing computers—becoming ubiquitous and easily tied to information databases. They'll be in our homes, at our work, and in the technologies we carry with us. For designers, the important issues will be ones of content, quality, and manipulation of the data conveyed on these devices. It's an exciting and challenging scenario.
Logic and Imagery: Integrating the Intuitive and the Rational in Corporate Design
Authors: Bernstein Alec , Robin Laura , Zych Monika
Published: September 2010

THE INTERFACE IS WHERE the interactive dimensions of new technologies actually occur. As user choices become more numerous and as businesses insist on efficient pathways through these options, interface design has emerged as a critical aspect of contemporary product development. Here, Alec Bernstein, Laura Robin, and Monika Zych describe how their Advanced Communications Group makes use of experts in musical composition, painting, and literature, as well as software and electrical engineering, to devise effective interface solutions.
Creating the Conditions of Creativity
Authors: Robinson Rick E. , Hackett James P.
Published: September 2010

HARD WORK—that's what creativity is about. Rick Robinson and James Hackett define precisely what kind of hard work and propose how creative processes can be embedded in organizational culture rather than depend on individual epiphanies. Three ideas essential to their approach are: Understand the domains within which an organization seeks to be creative; articulate the structure and mechanisms operating in domains; and support the search for radical and effective change as a part of everyday business.
Building Strategic Commitment in High‐Performance Teams
Authors: Mathers John G.
Published: September 2010

SUCCESS IN INNOVATING depends on both strategic commitment and effective management. Interestingly, in John G. Mathers' analysis, many firms put management practices in place without simultaneously developing the necessary strategic commitment. That commitment must be to personal, team, and organizational development, to oversight of the innovation planning and implementation processes, and to the regular re‐creation or renewal of the organization.
Design Innovation and Culture in SMEs
Authors: Cawood Gavin
Published: September 2010

BECAUSE SMALL AND medium‐size enterprises are a major component of most economies, it is not surprising that many communities have specific programs to support these businesses. In Wales, this assistance includes design help. Gavin Cawood has positioned the Welsh Design Advisory Service as a strategic resource for SMEs, able to contribute to individual projects but also to promote techniques that build design into the processes organizations use to develop and leverage innovation.
Making Morris Smile: Reinvigorating Packaging While Maintaining Brand Equity
Authors: Kathman Jerome C.
Published: September 2010

PACKAGING IS AN essential brand vehicle—a critical medium for capturing consumer attention, building brand awareness, and sharing important messages. Well‐designed packaging sparks consumer interest and helps grow market share. Over time, however, even the best packaging can benefit from an update. The trouble is, it's easy to go too far. Jerry Kathman offers insights on effecting a package makeover without losing brand equity and highlights changes that work and those that lead to problems.
Buying A Brand: What You Can't See Can Hurt You
Authors: Phillips Peter L.
Published: September 2010

BECAUSE OF THE RISK and enormous investment it takes to create and nurture a new brand, buying companies that already have strong brands is a common growth strategy. The dilemma in these circumstances is how to maintain—let alone improve and expand—the identity, promise, and consumer relationships that come with the acquired brand while integrating the brand within the parent organization. Peter Phillips reflects on problems that can arise and recommends some design management solutions.