bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE USE OF COLLABORATIVE PLATFORMS IN ROMANIA AND EU: A COMPARATIVE VIEW
Authors: Ştiubea Elena
Published: October 2020

The term collaborative economy encompasses various activities that have emerged and developed rapidly in recent years through online collaboration platforms. In this article, we will review what the sharing economy means, what are the positive and negative consequences of such a phenomenon, what are the organizations that support the sharing economy. It can be said that the sharing economy is a reconversion of the traditional economy, which supports a society based on sustainability but, at the same time, must be prepared to respond to the challenges and criticisms brought. In the second part, we examine recent trends in the use of collaboration platforms in Romania and in the European Union (EU-28), focusing on general and more specific features regarding the profile of users, the type of services used and the main advantages and disadvantages of the collaborative economy in relation to traditional trade in goods and services. The data used in this analysis comes mainly from the recently published European Commission survey on the use and provision of services through collaborative platforms, as well as from the corresponding survey previously published in 2016 on the same topic.
INFLUENCE OF COLLABORATIVE PLANNING ON PERFORMANCE OF PHARMACEUTICAL FIRMS IN KENYA
Authors: Kiriinya Akwalu Ezekiel , Ngugi Dr. P. Karanja , Mwangangi Dr.  Patrick , Odhiambo Prof. Romanus
Published: October 2020

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Expert assessments of the problems of professional training of doctors
Authors:   Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleksandrova O.A. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation,   State Budgetary Institution «Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department», Yarasheva A.V. ,   Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   State Budgetary Institution «Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department»
Published: October 2020

Background. One of the tasks of the state policy in the field of health care is to improve the quality of medical services for the population, to increase the requirements for the competencies of medical personnel, on the results of whose activities public health depends. In this regard, the efficiency of organizing the processes of basic training and retraining (additional education) of doctors acquires a special role. Purpose. Revealing urgent problems of professional training of doctors for the capital's health care. Materials and methods. Sociological research in the form of a series of expert interviews. Results. On the basis of the systematization of the information obtained by the authors in the course of the study, imperfections in the organization of the educational process in obtaining higher medical education are determined. Discussion. Professional training of doctors is a dynamically developing system, the effectiveness of which ultimately affects the quality of medical services provided to the population. Conclusion. Solving the problems associated with improving the content of curricula in medical universities, organizing the educational process and monitoring knowledge requires careful research and search for approaches that meet modern realities.
Reforming the organizational and legal component of the United States of America donation and transplantation system to increase its effectiveness
Authors:   N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, Pinchuk A.V. ,   A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry,   State Budgetary Institution Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department, Mukhametova M.S. ,   Glovis Rus LLC
Published: October 2020

Background. The demand for transplants leads to an increase in the demand for donor organs and as the result to their shortage all over the world. The United States is one of the world leaders in the number of donors and organ transplants. The article presents the results of an analysis focused on finding ways to improve the efficiency of the American donation and transplantation system. Purpose. The aim of the study is to analyze the organizational and legal components of the United States organ donation and transplantation system and identify possible ways to reform it. Materials and methods. The study carries out informational analysis and assessment of the effectiveness of the US donation and transplantation system based on the available official statistics for the period from 1991 to 2019, the results of the simulation of the application of the presumption of consent to posthumous donation, regulatory legal acts, insurance programs and scientific research of foreign and Russian scientists in the transplantation field. Results. A statistical data comparison showed that, despite the significant success of the United States in the development of donation and transplantation, there is a growing shortage of donor organs in the country, as in the whole world. The results of the analysis identified promising directions for reforming the donation and transplantation system in order to increase its effectiveness. There is great potential for increasing the supply of donor organs by the possible transition of the United States from the model of requested consent to the presumption of consent for posthumous donation. Centers for the procurement of donor organs have the least efficiency in the US organizational model of donation and transplantation. The financial vulnerability of living donors and organ donor recipients requires attention, because insurance programs do not cover their expenses, incl. on immunosuppressive drugs, due to the gap between the standards of care for organ donor recipients and the policies of insurance companies. The ongoing support measures or living donation are clearly insufficient. Conclusion. The directions of the US donation and transplantation system reforming identified in the course of the study require further elaboration and discussion in American society, the adoption of new regulatory legal acts, the development of new rules for the work of the system participants, adjustments to the assessment procedure, funding and support at the state and international level. Only a set of organizational, legal, financial and stimulating measures will help to increase the number of donor organs and the number of transplants.
Малака ошириш тизимида онлайн ўқув курсининг моҳияти ва таснифи
Authors: Сойибназаров Аббосжон
Published: October 2020

Ушбу мақолада ҳозирги кундаги халқ таълими ходимларини малакасини ошириш ва уларни қайта тайёрлашда, анъанавий курслар ўзини тўлиқ оқламаслиги сезилиб бормоқда. Онлайн платформалар ёрдамида уларни малакасини оширишни доимий йўлга қўйиш кераклиги режалаштирилмоқда. Беш йилда бир марта малака ошириш бу эски тизим ҳисобланиб, мактаб ўқитувчиси ўз билимини доимий ошириб бориши керак. Бунинг учун биринчи ўринда педагог онлайн ўқув курсини моҳияти ва таснифини тўлиқ бўлиши зарур.
A trajetória de Lilly Ebstein Lowenstein entre Berlim e São Paulo
Authors: Cytrynowicz Monica Musatti , Cytrynowicz Roney
Published: October 2020

A trajetória de Lilly Ebstein Lowenstein combina diversas perspectivas, a da mulher emancipada, profissional, imigrante e formada em um saber técnico especializado, a das instituições científicas e a da história do desenho e da fotografia científica –, tornando seu percurso emblemático de momentos significativos da história da ciência, entre Alemanha e Brasil, no século 20.
Alberto Federmann, um pioneiro esquecido
Authors: Mendes Adilson
Published: October 2020

A trajetória de Alberto Federmann e suas incursões pelo cinema científico contribuem para desvelar um campo entre a arte e a ciência ainda pouco investigado. Autor de filmes hoje esquecidos, Federmann documentou a formação da pesquisa científica no Brasil, além de ter registrado a cidade de São Paulo nas primeiras décadas do século XX.
Um manual de ilustração zoológica
Authors: Alves Olga Sofia Fabergé
Published: October 2020

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A tísica como martírio e salvação da alma. Relato literário do “mal em si” na literatura de Pernambuco.
Authors: Bezerra Rozélia
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo é resultado de um projeto de pesquisa, cujo objetivo geral consiste no estudo das interpretações e representações das doenças e dos doentes. Para isso, usamos literatura, tratados médicos e crônicas dos viajantes, considerando os diferentes contextos de época. Foi analisada uma obra literária de autor pernambucano, cujo tempo de narrativa é o século XIX. A análise revelou um protagonista como anti-herói que tem a morte causada pela tísica. Sem usar metáforas para a descrição da doença e dos doentes, o enredo revelou uma morte sofrida. O anti-herói, por se sentir com defeitos de caráter, considerou a doença como uma forma de martírio para salvação de sua alma.
O historiador e o médico: George Sarton e a medicina hipocrática como modelo científico
Authors: Magalhães Gildo
Published: October 2020

No início da institucionalização acadêmica da História da Ciência, seu destacado promotor George Sarton apresentou uma visão da medicina grega praticada pela Escola de Hipócrates como sendo atividade pioneira na formação do espírito científico e um modelo para as ciências empíricas que se desenvolveriam sob o primado da razão. Apresenta-se um rápido esboço da obra de Sarton e de como ele entendeu os tratados ditos hipocráticos. Não é intenção examinar aqui as obras atribuídas a Hipócrates em si, seus predecessores ou seguidores, mas sim sublinhar alguns dos aspectos levantados por Sarton a esse respeito, problematizando-os. Isso, todavia, não nos impede de perguntar qual seria a possível relevância atual dos fundamentos dessa antiga técnica médica, à luz das considerações de Sarton.
O Fundo de Construção da Cidade Universitária e o Instituto Butantan Entrevistas com os arquitetos Osmar Antonio Mammini e Carlos Henrique Heck
Authors: Heck Carlos Henrique , Mammini Osmar Antonio
Published: October 2020

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Casos de investigação histórica para o aprendizado da natureza da ciência
Authors: Allchin Douglas
Published: October 2020

A História — quando formulada a partir de uma perspectiva histórica de ciência em construção — pode oferecer oportunidades para investigar e aprender sobre as Ciências Naturais. Este artigo descreve como várias características em narrativas históricas episódicas ajudam a estruturar tal investigação: (1) contextos motivacionais culturais e biográficos; (2) questões que problematizam as Ciências Naturais e promovem investigação sobre essa área; (3) perspectivas históricas que expõem a ciência em construção; (4) um formato narrativo; (5) uma estrutura episódica; (6) encerramento conjunto da investigação e da narrativa; e (7)reflexão final e consolidação dos aspectos das Ciências Naturais.
Cidade, loucura e higiene: questões que se perpetuam na cultura psiquiátrica e social brasileira
Authors: Plantier Ana Paula , Ianni Aurea
Published: October 2020

O presente trabalho analisa e discute o contexto social e histórico de emergência da loucura no século XIX, enquanto um problema social e urbano, bem como a institucionalização da psiquiatria no Brasil.
REMEDIES FOR THE CRISIS AND CORONAVIRUS-INDUCED INSOLVENCY: WHAT LEGAL "WEAPONS" ARE AVAILABLE TO FIGHT THIS "WAR"?
Authors: lazzara margherita
Published: October 2020

This paper aims to define certain rules that may accompany insolvent enterprises and over-indebted households in post-pandemic recovery. At this time, the crucial need to provide entrepreneurs, creditors, debtors, and consumers with certainties cannot be delayed. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, various countries are adopting measures to change the application of their insolvency laws. The Virus was circulating in Italy before spreading to all other European countries, therefore the Italian government had to adopt urgent measures, which drastically impacted insolvency and collective procedures, inter alia.

The paper focuses on the legislative provisions adopted by the Italian government as compared to the recent communication of the European Commission of 19 March 2020 ("The new temporary Framework for State aid measures to support the economy in the current COVID-19 outbreak") and to the Directive (U.E.) 2019/1023 on restructuring and insolvency.

In light of the foregoing, two solutions will be formulated that may be immediately adopted in support of the debt of enterprises and households to ensure the successful recovery of solvency.
Romulus Vuia - om de imagine a României
Authors:   Muzeul Etnografic al Transilvaniei, Pop Laura Cristina
Published: October 2020

Romulus Vuia, the founder of Transylvanian Museum of Ethnography (founded in 1922) is a famous personality of the begining of the 20th century’s in Transylvania. As a museum founder and director, as a university professor, he was very active in academic life. He represented Romania at international congresses and conferences between 1924 and 1944 and his whole activity was, in a way, aimed to create a good image of Romanian traditional culture abroad, fact that is shown also in the German language press from Germany, in 1944.
„Originea jocului de călușari” de Romulus Vuia - un mic studiu de etnologie a dansului
Authors:   Muzeul Etnografic al Transilvaniei, Petac Silvestru
Published: October 2020

Being in an anniversary year (90 years since the National Ethnographic Park was founded that bears the name of its founder: Romulus Vuia) and we consider that a good way to render homage to the Romanian ethnographer's personality is to make some observations on a short study from his youth, published by Romulus Vuia in Dacoromania Magazine in 1922, a study entitled ”The Origin of the Călușari folk dance”. Therefore the lines below try to point out some of the important, relevant and sustainable aspects from Vuia's study, a study that I place among the ethnology studies of the dance that marked the perception of an archaic Romanian ceremonial practice: Căluș.
Muzeul Etnografic al Transilvaniei și regii României
Authors:   Cluj-Napoca, Toșa Ioan
Published: October 2020

The author presents several archive documents regarding the relations between the Transylvanian Museum of Ethnography and the Kings of Romania, providing useful information for knowing the Museum’s history. The first document presented is Decision 7487 of December 21, 1922, signed by Prince Carol; this Decision, by appointing Professor Romulus Vuia as the institution’s director, recognizes all the achievements of the Commission that Professor Vuia had established in the spring of 1922 for the purchase of A. Orosz Collection, in order to set up an ethnographic museum in Cluj. The article presents the List of objects to be collected for the Ethnographic Museum; in this list the first attempt was made to specify the notion of ethnographic object and to establish the field of ethnography as an independent science. In the next part of the paper, there are some documents showing the contribution of the Royal Foundation and of the Ministry of Arts and Religious Affairs to supporting Professor Vuia in the creation and development of ethnographic museography by establishing modern systems of evidence, conservation and valorization of the museum heritage. At the end of the article, the author presents several documents regarding the two visits of King Carol II to the Museum, the first visit in 1930, with the Queen Mother, and the second in 1937, when the Museum was inaugurated in the City Park building; the author also presents two photos taken during the visit of King Michael and Queen Anne at the Museum in 2008.
Komitas – idol al muzicii armene
Authors:   Universitatea „Transilvania” din Brașov, Bodurian Agota
Published: October 2020

Deși aniversarea a 150 de ani de la nașterea marelui compozitor armean, Komitas – sărbătorit cu mult respect în comunitățile armene de pretutindeni – a avut loc anul trecut, considerăm că importanța activității desfășurate de acest idol al muzicii armene merită și chiar trebuie menționat în orice perioadă. Autoarea acestui studiu este preocupată de problematica muzicii armene de o vreme îndelungată. Pe parcursul studiilor aprofundate în domeniu s-a întărit convingerea necesității de a vorbi despre muzica armeană – foarte puțin cunoscută în Europa – și despre reprezentanții de renume ai acesteia, dintre care cel mai de seamă a fost și este Komitas. În același timp, studiind viața și creația acestui mare compozitor, s-a ivit de mai multe ori caracterul asemănător al vieții și carierei sale cu cea a lui Bartók Béla, uneori chiar surprinzătoare, în ciuda distanței geografice mari care le-a despărțit. În cadrul acestui articol vom încerca să prezentăm succint biografia și creația marelui Komitas, precum și unele elemente paralele în ceea ce privește viața, activitatea de cercetare și cea componistică a celor doi compozitori, muzicologi și etnografi. Aparținând aceleiași generații de muzicieni, și-au dedicat viața culegerii, cercetării și prelucrării muzicii populare cu caracter autentic, fiind preocupați nu numai de folclorul propriei națiuni, dar și de muzica popoarelor învecinate. Activitatea și cercetările celor doi arată asemănări deosebite, iar prin activitatea lor componistică, amândoi au reușit să deschidă perspective noi, decisive în ceea ce privește urmașii lor, generațiile de compozitori ai secolului XX.
Elena Boancă. ”Personalități ale artei musicale: Vasile Herman” [Personalities of the musical Art: Vasile Herman] - Review
Authors:   Academia Națională de Muzică „Gh. Dima„ Cluj-Napoca, Banciu Gabriel
Published: October 2020

The monographic volume by Mrs. Elena Boancă, a musicologist showing a particular interest in the investigation of both historical and analytical aspects, represents not only a profound and relevant enterprise, but also a highly necessary one.
Komitas – An Icon in Armenian Music
Authors:   Universitatea „Transilvania” din Brașov, Bodurian Agota
Published: October 2020

Although the 150th anniversary of the birth of the great Armenian composer, Komitas – celebrated with great respect in Armenian communities everywhere – took place last year, we believe that the importance of the work of this icon in Armenian music deserves and must be mentioned in any period. The author of this study has been concerned with the issue of Armenian music for a long time. During the in-depth studies in the field, the conviction of the need to talk about Armenian music – very little known in Europe – and about its famous representatives, of which the most important was and still is Komitas, was strengthened. At the same time, studying the life and work of this outstanding composer, the similarity of his life and career with that of Bartók Béla, sometimes even surprising, arose several times, despite the great geographical distance that separated them. In this article we will try to briefly present the biography and creation of the great Komitas, as well as some parallel elements in terms of life, research and works of the two composers, musicologists and ethnographers. Belonging to the same generation of musicians, they dedicated their lives to collecting, researching and processing authentic folk music, being concerned not only with the folklore of their own nation, but also with the music of neighbouring peoples. The activity and research of the two present remarkable similarities, and through their compositional activity they both succeeded in opening new perspectives, decisive for their descendants, the generations of composers of the twentieth century.
Ridge Regression as Efficient Model Selection and Forecasting of Fish Drying Using V-Groove Hybrid Solar Drier
Authors: Lim Hui Yin , Fam Pei Shan , Javaid Anam , Ali Majid Khan Majahar
Published: October 2020

Application of the Internet of things (IoT) for data collection in solar drying can be very efficient in collecting big data of drying parameters. There are many variables involved so it is hard to find a model to predict the moisture content of the food product during drying. In model building, interaction terms should be incorporated because they also contribute to the model. Eight selection criteria (8SC) is a very useful method in model building. This study applied ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and ridge regression with 8SC in model building to predict the moisture content of drying fish. A total of eighty models were considered in this study. One best model was chosen each from OLS regression and ridge regression. M78.7.3 with a total of eleven independent variables was the best OLS model after conducting multicollinearity and coefficient test. Next, the best ridge model M56.0.0 was obtained after the coefficient test. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was used to measure the accuracy of the prediction model. For OLS model M78.7.3, the MAPE value was 15.7342. The MAPE value for ridge model M56.0.0 was 17.4054. From the MAPE value, OLS model M78.7.3 provided a better estimation than the ridge model M56.0.0. However, OLS model M78.7.3 violated the normality assumptions of residuals. This is highly caused by the outlier problem. So, due to non- normality of the residuals and presence of outliers in the dataset, ridge regression is preferred for the best forecast model.
Development of a Self-regulated Bubble Irrigation System to Control the Size and Shape of Wetting Fronts
Authors: Alrubaye Yasir Layth , Yusuf Badronnisa , Hamad Safaa Noori
Published: October 2020

The main objectives of this study were to introduce a bubble irrigation system, compare the wetting fronts created by the bubble and free-flow systems, and test the viability of a bubble irrigation system. Two laboratory experiments were conducted using 2D flow to measure the wetting fronts. The first experiment measured the free-flow infiltration using an inverted, open plastic bottle. The second experiment tested the bubble-flow technique using an inverted, closed plastic bottle (ICPB). The results showed that the bubble-flow system created a larger width of wetting fronts at the beginning of the infiltration and then expanded less than that of the free-flow system. In contrast, the infiltration depth of the wetting fronts created by the bubble-flow system was much lower than that of the free-flow system. In conclusion, the wetting front width and depth in the bubble-flow system were slightly smaller than those in the free-flow system. In addition, the wetting fronts created by the ICPB were not moved upwards significantly, which proves the ability of specific distribution of the bubble-flow system on the wetting fronts. Therefore, the bubble irrigation system can be used as an alternative for distributing the moisture content in soil profiles.
Food Variety of Lesser Whistling Duck in Malaysian Lakes
Authors: Onwuka Martins Chukwuemeka , Rajpar Muhammad Nawaz , Zakaria Mohamed
Published: October 2020

Food distribution and diversity is a significant factor that determines the habitat and site selection of avian species. Its effects on the health, reproduction, survival rate, diversity indices, population structure and home range of avian species. In wetland ecosystem, bird home range and population structure is influenced by richness and diversity of food resources and availability of suitable foraging sites. The aim of the study was to ascertain the food variety of Lesser Whistling Duck - Dendrocygna javanica in Paya Indah Wetland Reserve (PIWR). A scan method was employed from strategic places or blinds using a spotting scope and binocular to determine the food selection and density by Distance sampling point count method. Food items were categorised into the aquatic plants (AP), aquatic invertebrates (AIV), aquatic vertebrates (AV), terrestrial plants (TP), terrestrial vertebrates (TV) and terrestrial invertebrates (TIV). Distance analysis indicated that PIWR harboured 3.88 ± 0.00 birds per ha (n = 188 individuals). In addition, the results revealed that higher bird relative abundance of Lesser Whistling Duck concentrated in the shallow of Belibis lake that was rich in submerged and emergent vegetation (Eleocharis dulcis, Philydrum lanuginosum, Utricularia vulgaris, and Potamogeton perfoliatus). Kruskal-Wallis H test showed that food items were significantly different. Lesser Whistling Duck showed strong correlationship with AIV (r2 = 1.00, P<0.05) and negative relationship with water TP (r2 = -0.061, P<0.05). The regression model highlighted that Lesser Whistling Duck significantly preferred aquatic invertebrates, r2 = -0.686±0.68; P<0.001 and aquatic vertebrates, -0.459±0.26) than other food items. The results revealed that shallow marshy-based lakes rich in aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates harboured higher population of Lesser Whistling Ducks to utilize it and performed multiple activities than other habitats.
Relating the Land-Use Changes to the Invasion of Pneumatopteris afra in Nigeria Using Remote Sensing
Authors: Akomolafe Gbenga Festus , Rahmad Zakaria
Published: October 2020

The study aimed at using satellite remote sensing in identifying the land-use changes that have occurred in Lafia, Nigeria within the past 35 years, especially in relation to the current and the predicted future invasion of a fern (Pneumatopteris afra). Landsat satellite images OLI/TIRS, ETM+ and TM within the interval of 15 years from 1985 to 2020 were used for the extraction of land-use. Six broad classification systems were used to classify the land-use changes by employing a supervised classification technique. In 1985, the bare land dominated the land-use having an area of 69156 ha while the wetland was the least having an area of 3412 ha. However, in 2020, the built-up area has dominated the land-use of Lafia with an area of 144645 ha (52.21%) while the wetland still remained the least with area of 1477 ha. This is obviously due to the geometric increase in the urbanization of this city. There was a consistent loss of the forests from 1985 to 2020 with an annual rate of loss of 0.46%. This resulted in a loss of 44329 ha of forests in 2020 out of the 47643 ha in 1985. This approximately leads to a total loss of 172,732,045 USD of forest products. The current invasion of Pneumatopteris afra in Lafia was found to fall within the shrub and grasses land-use class. This indicates that the landsat satellite could not detect the wetlands where the plant dominated due to its massive covering. This study calls for immediate conservation of the remaining forests and wetlands in Lafia to prevent further encroachments and invasion by plants.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Sir Yahaya Memorial Hospital, Birnin Kebbi, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Hussaini Shehu Nuhu , Alhaji Magaji Abdullahi , Usman Junaidu Abdulkadir , Abubakar Panti Abubakar , Babazhitsu Makun
Published: October 2020

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a protozoan infection caused by infection with the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Several studies have been reported of high seroprevalence of this parasite from various hospitals in Nigeria. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among the pregnant women receiving antenatal care in Sir Yahaya Memorial Hospital, Birnin Kebbi. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study conducted at SYMH Birnin kebbi in 2015 using indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: The overall seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies was 33.3%. 9.7% seropositivity was found at first trimester, 60.5% from second trimester and 29.8% from third trimester. Using a chi square logistic regression analysis, lack of education, lower age at pregnancy, and frequency of close contacts with cats were significantly associated with the prevalence of IgG antibodies. Conclusion: Most primary infections during pregnancy are asymptomatic, congenital toxoplasmosis can have serious effects on the developing fetus. Screening for primary infection is problematic, primary prevention is the most logical method to lower the risk of congenital infection. There is also a need to educate women on the safe handling of cat litter during pregnancy.
Viabilidade do planeamento por etapas: visão dos estudantes-estagiários
Authors: Andrade João , Cruz André , Patrício Daniel , Correia Raquel , Marques Adilson
Published: October 2020

Planning is a part of teaching-learning processes influencing its effectiveness. The accomplishment of this task is often difficult by the innumerable variants that the practical context of teaching presents. For this reason, it undergoes through several changes during its application. The model of physical education planning recommended in Portugal and defined by the PNEF (guiding document), is the step-by-step planning. This planning model structures the learning throughout the year, in logic of progression and monitoring the student’s development. There is no evidence to support this type of planning to be more effective compared to any other. As an indispensable tool for the teacher, it is important to find out if this type of planning is feasible, meeting the objectives that it proposes. Therefore, the purpose of this document was to investigate the perception of pre-service teachers about the viability of the step-by-step planning in the teaching process of physical education. As a method of data collection, a focus group was formed constituted by four pre-service teachers. The pre-service teachers concluded that this planning model is viable, admitting that its feasibility is dependent on certain factors.
Physical Education Cooperating Teachers’ perspectives on professional ethics
Authors: Ribeiro-Silva Elsa , Amorim Catarina
Published: October 2020

The teaching profession, being a profession that above all requires human interaction, is inseparable from ethics (Castilho, 2018). Initial teacher training is recognised by its impact in professional development of pre-service teachers, and cooperating teachers are fundamental in this stage. The ethical-professional attitude is transversal to all knowledge related to initial education. Therefore, it is important to study the perspective of cooperating teachers regarding professional ethics. This article presents case studies concerning Portuguese physical education cooperating teachers’ perspective of pre-service teachers’ professional ethics. We followed a qualitative methodology and data was collected from a semi-structured interview with 5 questions. It was interviewed 5 cooperating teachers of the master’s degree in Teaching Physical Education in the University of Coimbra. Data was analysed through thematic content analysis (Bardin, 2011) and revealed that cooperating teachers focus mainly on the personal conduct shown by pre-service teachers. These results reveal a reductionist perception of the notion of professional ethics and the association of professional ethics to personal ethics.
Coach-Athletes Communication: Data from the Communication Behaviors Evaluation System
Authors: Gomes A. Rui , Almeida Albino , Resende Rui , Morais Catarina
Published: October 2020

This study analyzes coach-athletes’ communication using the Communication Behaviors Evaluation System (CBES). This system provides a broad and complete perspective regarding the interactions between coaches and athletes by including data from coaches, athletes and from an observer. The CBES was used to monitor the communication between coaches and athletes from four different teams, during one game (observation). Athletes and coaches evaluated their communication behaviors using the Communication Behaviors Questionnaire (CBQ). The study included sixty-four futsal male athletes aged between 13 and 43 years-old (M = 18.98, SD = 7.05) and their coaches, all male and aged between 29 and 43 years-old (M = 35.75, SD = 5.26). Results revealed six important aspects: (1) the CBQ assumed a two-factor structure of positive and negative behaviors but one item has deleted; (2) coaches assumed positive behaviors more frequently than negative behaviors; (3) positive spontaneous behaviors were slightly more frequent than positive reactive behaviors; (4) coaches perceived themselves as displaying more negative reactive behaviors than negative spontaneous behaviors; (5) positive feedback and encouragement after failure were the most frequent positive behaviors; and (6) negative feedback was the most frequent negative behavior. In sum, CBES assumed to be a useful tool to evaluate coaches-athletes’ communication.
GERAKAN DAKWAH JAMA’AH TABLIGH DI KALANGAN WANITA DALAM PEMBINAAN KELUARGA MUSLIM DI KOTA BANDARLAMPUNG
Authors: Muhamad Bisri Mustofa
Published: October 2020

Since the emergence of the Transnational Da'wah Movement such as the TablighiJama'at, it has created contradictions about the Law of Providing both birth and mentalityto the family left in the Khuruj fii sabilillah program (Exiting the Way of Allah) to preachthe ummah from house to house, mosque to mosque, inviting listen to Muslims (religiouslectures) and invite to pray in congregation in the mosque. From the development ofJama'ah Tabligh's missionary movement in Indonesia, this movement has experiencedquite rapid development. Not only is the movement that has a strong community, it ismarked by the presence of da'wah markers (da'wah centers) in each of the Provinces andDistricts of the City. But in the development of the da'wah movement there are severalthings that become contradictions in the family, in this case the provision of income forchildren and wives who are left behind when their head of household implements Khurujfii sabilillah for 3 days, 40 days and 4 months. Therefore, this paper takes the theme of theLaw of Livelihood Against Families in the Tabligh Jama Da'wah Movement in acomprehensive manner.
The Logic of Internal HRM Consistency: The Synergic Effect of the Subfunctions’ Advancement Levels on the Financial Performance Results of MNCs
Authors: STOR Marzena , HAROMSZEKI Łukasz
Published: October 2020

For the last few decades, the relationships between the HRM advancement level and organizational performance results have been studied both theoretically and empirically in many various ways. However, only a few of those studies incorporated the logic and synergy of internal HRM consistency from the Central European (CE) perspective. Hence the main goal of the paper is to determine in what way the coherence of the advancement levels of HRM subfunctions may influence the performance financial results of MNCs headquartered in CE.
Faults Made by Leaders and HR Managers in the Selection of Employees and Opportunities to Prevent Them
Authors: MOSER Martin
Published: October 2020

Executives and HR managers face many challenges today, such as demographic change, shortage of skilled workers, development of the diversity of the staff, pressure to expect service quality, increase in mental stress, etc. Personnel selection is one of the most critical issues for a company because it is an investment in human capital, which can be a decisive competitive advantage for an organization. For many companies and industries, it is becoming increasingly difficult to find suitable staff, since applicants tend to be interested in large corporations or attractive brands.
Drought-induced biomass burning as a source of black carbon to the Central Himalaya since 1781 CE as reconstructed from the Dasuopu Ice Core
Authors: Barker Joel D. , Kaspari Susan , Gabrielli Paolo , Wegner Anna , Beaudon Emilie , Sierra-Hernández M. Roxana , Thompson Lonnie
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Himalayan glaciers are melting due to atmospheric warming with the potential to limit access to water for more than 25 % of the global population that reside in these glacier meltwater catchments. Black carbon has been implicated as a factor that is contributing to Himalayan glacier melt, but its sources and mechanisms of delivery to the Himalayas remain controversial. Here, we provide a 211-year ice core record spanning 1781–1992 CE for refractory black carbon (rBC) deposition from the Dasuopu glacier ice core, that has to date provided the highest elevation ice core record (7200 m). We report an average rBC concentration of 1.5 µg/L (SD = 5.0, n = 1628) over the 211-year period. An increase in the frequency and magnitude of rBC deposition occurs after 1877 CE, accompanied by decreased snow accumulation associated with a shift in the North Atlantic Oscillation Index to a positive phase. Typically, rBC is deposited onto Dasuopu glacier during the non-monsoon season, and short-lived increases in rBC concentration are associated with periods of drought within neighboring regions in north-west India, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Using a combination of spectral and back trajectory analyses, and comparison with a concurrent analysis of trace metals at equivalent depths in the same ice core, we show that biomass burning resulting from dry conditions is a source of rBC to the central Himalaya, and is responsible for deposition that is up to 60 times higher than the average rBC concentration over the time period analyzed. We suggest that biomass burning is a significant source of rBC to the central Himalaya, and that the rBC record can be used to identify periods of drought in nearby regions that are up-wind of Dasuopu glacier.
Modelling the impact of gas-phase pyruvic acid on acetaldehyde and
peroxy radical formation in the boreal forest
Authors: Eger Philipp G. , Schuladen Jan , Sobanski Nicolas , Fischer Horst , Karu Einar , Williams Jonathan , Vakkari Ville , Lelieveld Jos , Crowley John N.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Based on the first measurements of gas-phase pyruvic acid (CH3C(O)C(O)OH) in the boreal forest, we derive effective emission rates of pyruvic acid and compare them with monoterpene emission rates over the diel cycle. Using a data-constrained box-model, we determine the impact of pyruvic acid photolysis on the formation of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) and the peroxy radicals CH3C(O)O2, CH3O2 and HO2 during an autumn (IBAIRN) and summer (HUMPPA) campaign at the same site. The results are dependent on the photodissociation mechanism of pyruvic acid and we examine different scenarios in which the main photolysis products are either acetaldehyde or the CH3C(O)O2 radical, with different overall quantum yields. If CH3CHO is taken to be the main product (as presently recommended by evaluation panels) we find that pyruvic acid photolysis can be a dominant source of this aldehyde in the boreal forest with a contribution of 79 % (IBAIRN) and 94 % (HUMPPA) and may help explain the high acetaldehyde levels observed during HUMPPA. On the other hand, if photolysis leads mainly to the formation of radicals, the emission of pyruvic acid has a profound impact on the rates of formation of peroxy radicals (with a contribution of ~20–50 %) and shifts the onset of radical production to earlier in the morning when actinic flux is dominated by wavelengths that are too long to initiate efficient ozone photolysis but which are absorbed by pyruvic acid.
Nano-hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (nano-HTDMA) for investigating hygroscopic properties of sub-10 nm aerosol nanoparticles
Authors: Lei Ting , Ma Nan , Hong Juan , Tuch Thomas , Wang Xin , Wang Zhibin , Pöhlker Mira , Ge Maofa , Wang Weigang , Mikhailov Eugene , Hoffmann Thorsten , Pöschl Ulrich , Su Hang , Wiedensohler Alfred , Cheng Yafang
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Interactions between water and nanoparticles are relevant for
atmospheric multiphase processes, physical chemistry, and materials science. Current knowledge of the hygroscopic and related physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, however, is restricted by the limitations of the available measurement techniques. Here, we present the design and performance of a nano-hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (nano-HTDMA) apparatus that enables high accuracy and precision in hygroscopic growth measurements of aerosol nanoparticles with diameters less than 10 nm. Detailed methods of calibration and validation are provided. Besides maintaining accurate and stable sheath and aerosol flow rates (±1 %),
high accuracy of the differential mobility analyzer (DMA) voltage (±0.1 %) in the range of
∼0–50 V is crucial for achieving accurate sizing and small sizing offsets between the two DMAs (<1.4 %). To maintain a
stable relative humidity (RH), the humidification system and the second DMA
are placed in a well-insulated and air conditioner housing (±0.1 K).
We also tested and discussed different ways of preventing predeliquescence
in the second DMA. Our measurement results for ammonium sulfate
nanoparticles are in good agreement with Biskos et al. (2006b), with no
significant size effect on the deliquescence and efflorescence relative
humidity (DRH and ERH, respectively) at diameters down to 6 nm. For sodium sulfate nanoparticles, however, we find a pronounced size dependence of DRH and ERH between 20 and 6 nm nanoparticles.
Solar radiometer sensing of multi-year aerosol features over a tropical urban station: direct-Sun and inversion products
Authors: Vijayakumar Katta , Devara Panuganti C. S. , Sonbawne Sunil M. , Giles David M. , Holben Brent N. , Rao Sarangam Vijaya Bhaskara , Jayasankar Chalicheemalapalli K.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is the most developed
ground-based network for aerosol remote sensing and has been playing a
significant role not only in monitoring air quality for protecting human
health but also in assessing the radiative budget of our planet Earth. In
this paper, we report the direct-Sun and inversion products, comprising of
spectral variation of aerosol optical depth (AOD), associated
Ångström exponent (AE), fine- and coarse-mode aerosol fractions,
aerosol size distribution (ASD), refractive index (RI), asymmetry parameter
(AP), single scattering albedo (SSA), aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) and
columnar concentration of gas constituents such as water vapor (H2O),
obtained from a Cimel Sun–sky radiometer, functioning in Pune, India, under
the AERONET program since October 2004. These long-term measurements carried
out from 2005 to 2015 could serve as an urban aerosol optical long-term
average or climatology. The AOD long-term variations at all wavelengths,
considered in the study, exhibited an increasing trend, implying year-to-year
enhancement in aerosol loading. The mean seasonal variations in AOD from
cloud-free days indicated greater values during the monsoon season, revealing dominance
of hygroscopic aerosol particles over the station. Contribution by different
aerosol types to AOD has also been deduced and discussed, and dominance of
a mixed type of aerosols (44.85 %) found, followed by combination of biomass
burning and urban industrial aerosols (22.57 %) compared to other types
of aerosols during the study period. The long-term datasets, derived aerosol
and trace gas products play a significant role in understanding aerosol climate
forcing, trends and evaluation of regional air pollution and validation of
aerosol transport models over the study region.
Validation of wind measurements of two MST radars in northern
Sweden and in Antarctica
Authors: Belova Evgenia , Voelger Peter , Kirkwood Sheila , Hagelin Susanna , Lindskog Magnus , Körnich Heiner , Chatterje Sourav , Satheesan Karathazhiyath
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Two atmospheric VHF radars: ESRAD located near Kiruna in the Swedish Artic and MARA at Indian research station Maitri in Antarctica perform wind measurements in the troposphere and lower stratosphere on a regular basis. We compared horizontal winds at altitudes between about 0.5 km and 14 km derived from the radar data using the full correlation analysis technique with radiosonde observations and models. The comparison with 28 radiosondes launched from January 2017 to August 2019 showed that ESRAD underestimates the zonal and meridional winds by about 8 % and 25 %, respectively. The mean differences between the radar and radiosonde winds are −1.4 m/s and 0.4 m/s. A similar result was found when comparing with the regional NWP model HARMONIE-AROME for the period September 2018–May 2019. The ESRAD random error was estimated to be 2.8 m/s (2.4 m/s) for the zonal (meridional) component. The comparison of MARA with the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis for January–December 2019 reveals good agreement between them with the mean difference between 0.1 m/s and −0.5 m/s depending on the component and season. The MARA random errors are 2.6 m/s and 2.3 m/s for the zonal and meridional winds, respectively.
Transport-limited fluvial erosion – simple formulation and efficient numerical treatment
Authors: Hergarten Stefan
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Most of the recent studies modeling fluvial erosion in the context of tectonic
geomorphology focus on the detachment-limited regime. One reason
for this simplification is the simple relationship of the
constitutive law used here – often called stream-power law – to empirical
results on longitudinal river profiles. Another no less important
reason lies in the numerical effort that is much higher for
transport-limited models than for detachment-limited models.
This study proposes a formulation of transport-limited
erosion where the relationship to empirical results on river profiles is almost as
simple as it is for the stream-power law. As a central point, a direct solver for the
fully implicit scheme is presented. This solver requires no iteration
for the linear version of the model, allows for arbitrarily large time increments,
and is almost as efficient
as the established implicit solver for detachment-limited erosion. The numerical scheme
can also be applied to linear hybrid models that cover the range between the
two end-members of detachment-limited and transport-limited erosion.
Imprints of evaporative conditions and vegetation type in diurnal temperature variations
Authors: Panwar Annu , Renner Maik , Kleidon Axel
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Diurnal temperature variations are strongly shaped by the absorption of solar radiation, but evaporation, or the latent heat flux, also plays an important role. Generally, evaporation cools. Its relation to diurnal temperature variations, however, is unclear. This study investigates the diurnal response of surface and air temperatures to evaporative conditions for different vegetation types. We use the warming rate, defined as the increase in temperature in response to absorbed solar radiation in the morning, and evaluate how it changes with evaporative fraction, which is an indicator of the evaporative conditions. Results for 51 FLUXNET sites show that the warming rate of air temperature carries very weak imprints of evaporative fraction across all vegetation types. However, the warming rate
of surface temperature is highly sensitive to evaporative fraction with a
value of ∼23×10-3 K (W m-2)-1, indicating stronger evaporative cooling for moister conditions. Contrarily, the warming rates of surface and air temperatures are similar at forest sites and carry literally no imprints of evaporative fraction. We explain these contrasting patterns with an analytical surface energy balance model. The derived expressions reproduce the observed warming rates and their sensitivity to evaporative fraction in all vegetation types. Multiplying the warming rate with daily maximum solar radiation gives an approximation for the diurnal surface temperature range (DTsR). We use our model to compare the individual contributions of solar radiation, evaporative conditions, and vegetation (by its aerodynamic conductance) in shaping DTsR and show that the high aerodynamic conductance of forests reduces DTsR substantially more (−56 %) than evaporative cooling (−22 %). We further show that the strong diurnal variation in aerodynamic conductance (∼2.5 times of the mean across vegetation types) reduces DTsR by ∼35 % in short vegetation and savanna but only by ∼22 % in forests. We conclude that diurnal
temperature variations may be useful for predicting evaporation for short
vegetation. In forests, however, the diurnal variations in temperatures are
mainly governed by their high aerodynamic conductance, resulting in negligible imprints of evaporative conditions.