bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perturbative approach to time-dependent quantum solitons
Authors: Ogundipe Kehinde , Evslin Jarah
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Recently we have introduced a lightweight, perturbative approach to quantum solitons. Thus far, our approach has been largely limited to configurations consisting of a single soliton plus a finite number of mesons, whose classical limit is an isolated stationary or rigidly moving soliton. In this paper, with an eye to soliton collisions and oscillons, we generalize this approach to quantum states whose classical limits are genuinely time-dependent. More precisely, we use a unitary operator, inspired by the coherent state approach to solitons, to factor out the nonperturbative part of the state, which includes the classical motion. The solution for the quantum state and its evolution is then reduced to an entirely perturbative problem.
Effective field theories on subspaces of the Bruhat-Tits tree
Authors: Qu Feng
Published: June 2024

Abstract

On two subspaces of the Bruhat-Tits tree, effective actions are calculated. The limits of these effective field theories are found to be the same conformal field theory over p-adic numbers when subspaces are taken to the boundary of the tree. Their relations to the p-adic version of AdS/CFT are also discussed.
Influencing factors for delayed diagnosed injuries in multiple trauma patients – introducing the ‘Risk for Delayed Diagnoses Score’ (RIDD-Score)
Authors: Gümbel Denis , Matthes Gerrit , Ekkernkamp Axel , Laue Fabian , Lefering Rolf ,   The TraumaRegister DGU
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Delayed diagnosed injuries (DDI) in severely injured patients are an essential problem faced by emergency staff. Aim of the current study was to analyse incidence and type of DDI in a large trauma cohort. Furthermore, factors predicting DDI were investigated to create a score to identify patients at risk for DDI.

Methods

Multiply injured patients admitted between 2011 and 2020 and documented in the TraumaRegister DGU® were analysed. Primary admitted patients with severe injuries and/or intensive care who survived at least 24 h were included. The prevalence, type and severity of DDI were described. Through multivariate logistic regression analysis, risk factors for DDI were identified. Results were used to create a ‘Risk for Delayed Diagnoses’ (RIDD) score.

Results

Of 99,754 multiply injured patients, 9,175 (9.2%) had 13,226 injuries first diagnosed on ICU. Most common DDI were head injuries (35.8%), extremity injuries (33.3%) and thoracic injuries (19.7%). Patients with DDI had a higher ISS, were more frequently unconscious, in shock, required more blood transfusions, and stayed longer on ICU and in hospital. Multivariate analysis identified seven factors indicating a higher risk for DDI (OR from 1.2 to 1.9). The sum of these factors gives the RIDD score, which expresses the individual risk for a DDI ranging from 3.6% (0 points) to 24.8% (6 + points).

Conclusion

DDI are present in a sounding number of trauma patients. The reported results highlight the importance of a highly suspicious and thorough physical examination in the trauma room. The introduced RIDD score might help to identify patients at high risk for DDI. A tertiary survey should be implemented to minimise delayed diagnosed or even missed injuries.
Major cardiovascular events and death in parents of children with type 1 diabetes: a register-based matched cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Kennedy Beatrice , Wernroth Mona-Lisa , Batra Gorav , Hammar Ulf , Linroth Cecilia , Grönberg Annika , Byberg Liisa , Fall Tove
Published: June 2024

Aims/hypothesis

Parenting a child with type 1 diabetes has been associated with stress-related symptoms. This study aimed to elucidate the potential impact on parental risk of major cardiovascular events (MCE) and death.

Methods

In this register-based study, we included the parents of 18,871 children, born 1987–2020 and diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in Sweden at <18 years. The median parental age at the child's diagnosis was 39.0 and 41.0 years for mothers and fathers, respectively. The cohort also encompassed 714,970 population-based matched parental control participants and 12,497 parental siblings. Cox proportional hazard regression models were employed to investigate the associations between having a child with type 1 diabetes and incident MCE and all-cause death, and, as secondary outcomes, acute coronary syndrome and ischaemic heart disease (IHD). We adjusted for potential confounders including parental type 1 diabetes and country of birth.

Results

During follow-up (median 12 years, range 0–35), we detected no associations between parenting a child with type 1 diabetes and MCE in mothers (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.02; 95% CI 0.90, 1.15) or in fathers (aHR 1.01; 95% CI 0.94, 1.08). We noted an increased hazard of IHD in exposed mothers (aHR 1.21; 95% CI 1.05, 1.41) with no corresponding signal in fathers (aHR 0.97; 95% CI 0.89, 1.05). Parental sibling analysis did not confirm the association in exposed mothers (aHR 1.01; 95% CI 0.73, 1.41). We further observed a slightly increased hazard of all-cause death in exposed fathers (aHR 1.09; 95% CI 1.01, 1.18), with a similar but non-significant estimate noted in exposed mothers (aHR 1.07; 95% CI 0.96, 1.20). The estimates from the sibling analyses of all-cause death in fathers and mothers were 1.12 (95% CI 0.90, 1.38) and 0.73 (95% CI 0.55, 0.96), respectively.

Conclusions/interpretation

Having a child diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in Sweden was not associated with MCE, but possibly with all-cause mortality. Further studies are needed to disentangle potential underlying mechanisms, and to investigate parental health outcomes across the full lifespan.

Graphical Abstract
Associations between diabetes-related genetic risk scores and residual beta cell function in type 1 diabetes: the GUTDM1 study
Authors: Fuhri Snethlage Coco M. , Balvers Manon , Ferwerda Bart , Rampanelli Elena , de Groen Pleun , Roep Bart O. , Herrema Hilde , McDonald Timothy J. , van Raalte Daniël H. , Weedon Michael N. , Oram Richard A. , Nieuwdorp Max , Hanssen Nordin M. J.
Published: June 2024

Aims/hypothesis

Use of genetic risk scores (GRS) may help to distinguish between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, but less is known about whether GRS are associated with disease severity or progression after diagnosis. Therefore, we tested whether GRS are associated with residual beta cell function and glycaemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

Immunochip arrays and TOPMed were used to genotype a cross-sectional cohort (n=479, age 41.7 ± 14.9 years, duration of diabetes 16.0 years [IQR 6.0–29.0], HbA1c 55.6 ± 12.2 mmol/mol). Several GRS, which were originally developed to assess genetic risk of type 1 diabetes (GRS-1, GRS-2) and type 2 diabetes (GRS-T2D), were calculated. GRS-C1 and GRS-C2 were based on SNPs that have previously been shown to be associated with residual beta cell function. Regression models were used to investigate the association between GRS and residual beta cell function, assessed using the urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratio, and the association between GRS and continuous glucose monitor metrics.

Results

Higher GRS-1 and higher GRS-2 both showed a significant association with undetectable UCPCR (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.69, 0.89 and OR 0.84: 95% CI 0.75, 0.93, respectively), which were attenuated after correction for sex and age of onset (GRS-2) and disease duration (GRS-1). Higher GRS-C2 was associated with detectable urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratio (≥0.01 nmol/mmol) after correction for sex and age of onset (OR 6.95; 95% CI 1.19, 40.75). A higher GRS-T2D was associated with less time below range (TBR) (OR for TBR<4% 1.41; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.96) and lower glucose coefficient of variance (β −1.53; 95% CI −2.76, −0.29).

Conclusions/interpretation

Diabetes-related GRS are associated with residual beta cell function in individuals with type 1 diabetes. These findings suggest some genetic contribution to preservation of beta cell function.

Graphical Abstract
Micron-to-nanoscale investigation of Cu-Fe-Ni sulfide inclusions within laurite (Ru, Os)S2 from chromitites
Authors: González-Jiménez José María , González-Pérez Igor , Plissart Gaëlle , Ferreira Amira R. , Schettino Erwin , Yesares Lola , Schilling Manuel E. , Corgne Alexandre , Gervilla Fernando
Published: June 2024

This paper provides a top-down nanoscale analysis of Cu-Ni-Fe sulfide inclusions in laurite from the Taitao ophiolite (Chile) and the Kevitsa mafic-ultramafic igneous intrusion (Finland). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) reveal that Cu-Ni-Fe sulfide inclusions are euhedral to (sub)-anhedral (i.e., droplet-like) and form single, biphasic or polyphasic grains, made up of different polymorphs, polytypes and polysomes even within a single sulfide crystal. Tetragonal (I4
$$\stackrel{-}{2}$$
d) and cubic (F
$$\stackrel{-}{4}$$
3m) chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) host frequent fringes of bornite (Cu5FeS4; cubic F
$$\stackrel{-}{4}$$
3m and/or orthorhombic Pbca) ± talnakhite (Cu9(Fe, Ni)8S16; cubic I
$$\stackrel{-}{4}$$
3m) ± pyrrhotite (Fe1 − xS; monoclinic C2/c polytype 4C and orthorhombic Cmca polytype 11C) ± pentlandite ((Ni, Fe)9S8; cubic Fm3m). Pentlandite hosts fringes of pyrrhotite, bornite and/or talnakhite. Laurite and Cu-Fe-Ni sulfide inclusions display coherent, semi-coherent and incoherent crystallographic orientation relationships (COR), defined by perfect edge-to-edge matching, as well as slight (2–4º) to significant (45º) lattice misfit. These COR suggest diverse mechanisms of crystal growth of Cu-Fe-Ni sulfide melt mechanically trapped by growing laurite. Meanwhile, the mutual COR within the sulfide inclusions discloses: (1) Fe-Ni-S melt solidified into MSS re-equilibrated after cooling into pyrrhotite ± pentlandite, (2) Cu-Ni-Fe-S melts crystallized into the quaternary solid solution spanning the compositional range between heazlewoodite [(Ni, Fe)3±xS2] (Hzss) and ISS [(Cu1±x, Fe1±y)S2]. Additionally, nanocrystallites (50–100 nm) of Pt-S and iridarsenite (IrAsS) accompanying the sulfide inclusions spotlight the segregation of PGE-rich sulfide and arsenide melt earlier and/or contemporarily to laurite crystallization from the silicate magmas. Cobaltite (CoAsS)-gersdorffite (NiAsS) epitaxially overgrown on laurite further supports the segregation of arsenide melts at early stages of chromitite formation.
Sexual harassment, sexual violence and subsequent depression and anxiety symptoms among Swedish university students: a cohort study
Authors: Johansson Fred , Edlund Klara , Sundgot-Borgen Jorunn , Björklund Christina , Côté Pierre , Onell Clara , Sundberg Tobias , Skillgate Eva
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To determine the gender-specific impact of recent exposure to different forms of sexual harassment and sexual violence (SHV) on depression and anxiety symptoms three, six, and nine months later.

Methods

We recruited 2229 women and 1274 men studying at Swedish universities and followed them with web-surveys every three months over one year. We estimated mean differences (MDs) of depression and anxiety symptoms between exposed and unexposed at each follow-up, adjusting for prior SHV, prior depression and anxiety symptoms and potential confounders.

Results

For women, sexual harassment (wide subjective definition) was associated with higher symptom levels of depression (MD 1.0 [95% CI: 0.3; 1.7]) and anxiety (MD 0.8 [95% CI: 0.3; 1.4]) three months later. Unwanted sexual attention was associated with higher symptom levels of anxiety three (MD 0.5 [95% CI: 0.1; 0.8]) and six months later (MD 0.4 [95% CI: 0.0; 0.7]). Exposure to sex against ones will was associated with higher depression symptoms three (MD 1.7 [95% CI: 0.1;3.4]), and six months later (MD 3.1 [95% CI: 1.0; 5.2]). Trends indicated that associations with subsequent mental health differed between forms of SHV among women, and that most associations were more pronounced in temporal proximity to the exposures. For men, we refrain from interpreting the results since they showed high variability and were not robust to sensitivity analyses using multiple imputation to account for missing outcome data.

Conclusions

Among women, several forms of SHV were associated with higher subsequent depression and anxiety symptoms.
Preliminary experimental investigation on hemming of curved edge parts by means of incremental sheet forming
Authors: Steinfels Dennis , Reitmaier Lisa-Marie , Bailly David B.
Published: June 2024

In the context of versatile and environmentally friendly joining techniques, joining by forming has proven to be a very useful tool. From this category, hemming is widely used for sheet metal parts like car body panels. Still, hemming of concave and convex geometries represents a challenge for conventional hemming as well as for the more flexible roller hemming. Especially for smaller radii and greater flange lengths, these methods can reach their limits. In the present work, incremental sheet forming (ISF), a flexible forming process without dedicated tools and high formability, is utilized to implement the hemming process. Due to its local and incremental deformation characteristics, a favorable material flow in the flange area is expected, which might prevent cracking and wrinkling. Therefore, the material flow in ISF-hemming will be investigated. Closed circular specimens with radii of 50 mm and 200 mm and varying flange lengths are analyzed. Conclusions about the material flow are drawn by measuring the change in sheet thickness and elongation of the flange. The results show that, for stretch hemming, considerable thinning and elongation of the flange takes place and no cracking is detected. For shrink hemming, significant thickening of the flange and elongation in radial direction is observed, which suppresses wrinkling.
Real-world evaluation of a QCM-based biosensor for exhaled air
Authors: Juste-Dolz Augusto , Teixeira William , Pallás-Tamarit Yeray , Carballido-Fernández Mario , Carrascosa Javier , Morán-Porcar Ángela , Redón-Badenas María Ángeles , Pla-Roses María Gracia , Tirado-Balaguer María Dolores , Remolar-Quintana María José , Ortiz-Carrera Jon , Ibañez-Echevarría Ethel , Maquieira Angel , Giménez-Romero David
Published: June 2024

The biosensor, named “virusmeter” in this study, integrates quartz crystal microbalance technology with an immune-functionalized chip to distinguish between symptomatic patients with respiratory diseases and healthy individuals by analyzing exhaled air samples. Renowned for its compact design, rapidity, and noninvasive nature, this device yields results within a 5-min timeframe. Evaluated under controlled conditions with 54 hospitalized symptomatic COVID-19 patients and 128 control subjects, the biosensor demonstrated good overall sensitivity (98.15%, 95% CI 90.1–100.0) and specificity (96.87%, 95% CI 92.2–99.1). This proof-of-concept presents an innovative approach with significant potential for leveraging piezoelectric sensors to diagnose respiratory diseases.

Graphical abstract
The Role of Selection and Migration in the Evolution of (Auto)Immunity Genes
Authors: Voskarides Konstantinos
Published: June 2024

The genetic architecture of multiple sclerosis is complicated. Additionally, the disease incidence varies per population or per geographical region. A recent study gives convincing explanations about the north–south incidence gradient of multiple sclerosis in Europe, by analyzing ancient and modern human genomes. Interestingly, the evidence shows that multiple sclerosis associated immunogenetic variants underwent positive selection in Asian and European populations. Lifestyle and pathogen infections probably shaped the overall multiple sclerosis risk. These results complete the findings of previous studies that showed that a high percentage of the autoimmunity associated genetic variants are under selection pressure.
Baseline [18F]FDG PET/CT and MRI first-order breast tumor features do not improve pathological complete response prediction to neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Oliveira Carla , Oliveira Francisco , Constantino Cláudia , Alves Celeste , Brito Maria José , Cardoso Fátima , Costa Durval C.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To verify the ability of pretreatment [18F]FDG PET/CT and T1-weighed dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to predict pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer (BC) patients.

Methods

This retrospective study includes patients with BC of no special type submitted to baseline [18F]FDG PET/CT, NAC and surgery. [18F]FDG PET-based features reflecting intensity and heterogeneity of tracer uptake were extracted from the primary BC and suspicious axillary lymph nodes (ALN), for comparative analysis related to NAC response (pCR vs. non-pCR). Multivariate logistic regression was performed for response prediction combining the breast tumor-extracted PET-based features and clinicopathological features. A subanalysis was performed in a patients’ subsample by adding breast tumor-extracted first-order MRI-based features to the multivariate logistic regression.

Results

A total of 170 tumors from 168 patients were included. pCR was observed in 60/170 tumors (20/107 luminal B-like, 25/45 triple-negative and 15/18 HER2-enriched surrogate molecular subtypes). Higher intensity and higher heterogeneity of [18F]FDG uptake in the primary BC were associated with NAC response in HER2-negative tumors (immunohistochemistry score 0, 1 + or 2 + non-amplified by in situ hybridization). Also, higher intensity of tracer uptake was observed in ALN in the pCR group among HER2-negative tumors. No [18F]FDG PET-based features were associated with pCR in the other subgroup analyses. A subsample of 103 tumors was also submitted to extraction of MRI-based features. When combined with clinicopathological features, neither [18F]FDG PET nor MRI-based features had additional value for pCR prediction. The only significant predictors were estrogen receptor status, HER2 expression and grade.

Conclusion

Pretreatment [18F]FDG PET-based features from primary BC and ALN are not associated with response to NAC, except in HER2-negative tumors. As compared with pathological features, no breast tumor-extracted PET or MRI-based feature improved response prediction.
Zellverlust bei retinaler Ischämie ist assoziiert mit vermehrter Nekroptose
Authors: Tsai Teresa , Deppe Leonie , Dick H. Burkhard , Joachim Stephanie C.
Published: June 2024

Hintergrund

Retinale Ischämie spielt bei zahlreichen Augenerkrankungen wie beispielsweise dem Glaukom eine zentrale pathophysiologische Rolle. Neben der Apoptose zählen Autophagie, Nekroptose und Ferroptose zu den Zelltodmechanismen, die der Ischämie nachgeschaltet sind. Ihre Rolle ist jedoch nicht eindeutig geklärt und wird kontrovers diskutiert.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ziel dieser Studie ist es, ein verbessertes Verständnis über die Rolle alternativer Zelltodmechanismen wie Autophagie und Nekroptose im Tiermodell der Ischämie-Reperfusion zu erhalten. Diese Erkenntnisse könnten als Basis für einen autophagie- oder nekroptosebasierten Therapieansatz dienen.

Material und Methoden

Die retinale Ischämie wurde bei 6 bis 8 Wochen alten Ratten in einem Auge durch das vorrübergehende Erhöhen des Augeninnendrucks auf 140 mm Hg induziert (60 min), gefolgt von der Reperfusion. Das unbehandelte kontralaterale Auge diente als Kontrolle. Die Retinae wurden 7 Tage nach Ischämie-Reperfusion immunhistochemisch mit Markern für retinale Ganglienzellen (RGZ), Makroglia (GFAP) sowie einem Autophagiemarker (LAMP1) und einem Nekroptosemarker (RIPK3) untersucht (n = 6/Gruppe).

Ergebnisse

Die Ischämie-Reperfusion führte nach 7 Tagen sowohl zu einem signifikanten RGZ-Verlust (p ≤ 0,001) als auch zu einer signifikanten Zunahme der Astrozytenfläche (p = 0,026). Interessanterweise war die Anzahl autophagischer LAMP1-positiver Zellen 7 Tage nach Ischämie unverändert (p = 0,272), wohingegen die Anzahl nekroptotischer RIPK3-positiver Zellen signifikant erhöht vorlag (p ≤ 0,001).

Diskussion

Sieben Tage nach Ischämie-Reperfusion scheinen nekroptotische Prozesse aktiviert zu sein und so zum retinalen Zelltod und zur Aktivierung der Astrozyten beizutragen. Späte autophagische Prozesse sind 7 Tage nach Ischämie nicht aktiviert. Nekroptose-assoziierte Parameter könnten daher als frühzeitiger therapeutischer Ansatz nach Ischämie in Betracht gezogen werden.
Role of robot-assisted laparoscopy in deep infiltrating endometriosis with bowel involvement: a systematic review and application of the IDEAL framework
Authors: Ong Hwa Ian , Shulman Nastassia , Nugraha Patrick , Wrenn Stephen , Nally Deirdre , Peirce Colin , Mahmood Uzma , McCormick Jacob , Proud David , Warrier Satish , Fleming Christina , Mohan Helen
Published: June 2024

Aims

This review aims to evaluate the feasibility of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) as an alternative to standard laparoscopic surgery (SLS) for the treatment of bowel deep-infiltrative endometriosis. Additionally, it aims to provide guidance for future study design, by gaining insight into the current state of research, in accordance with the IDEAL framework.

Method

A systematic review was conducted to identify relevant studies on RALS for bowel deep infiltrating endometriosis in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and PubMed databases up to August 2023 and reported in keeping with PRISMA guidelines. The study was registered with PROSPERO Registration: CRD42022308611

Results

Eleven primary studies were identified, encompassing 364 RALS patients and 83 SLS patients, from which surgical details, operative and postoperative outcomes were extracted. In the RALS group, mean operating time was longer (235 ± 112 min) than in the standard laparoscopy group (171 ± 76 min) (p < 0.01). Patients in the RALS group experienced a shorter hospital stay (5.3 ± 3.5 days vs. 7.3 ± 4.1 days) (p < 0.01), and appeared to have fewer postoperative complications compared to standard laparoscopy. Research evidence for RALS in bowel DE is at an IDEAL Stage 2B of development.

Conclusion

RALS is a safe and feasible alternative to standard laparoscopy for bowel endometriosis treatment, with a shorter overall length of stay despite longer operating times. Further robust randomized trials recommended to delineate other potential advantages of RALS.
Analysis of tumor microenvironment alterations in partially responsive rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Chen Hong , Zhang Ji-Hong , Hao Qin , Wu Xin-Lin , Guo Jia-Xing , Huang Cong-Xiu , Zhang Jun , Xing Guo-Sheng , An Zhi-Lin , Ling Yu , Zhao Jian-Guo , Bao Ying-Na
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Achieving a pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) remains a challenge for most patients with rectal cancer. Exploring the potential of combining NCRT with immunotherapy or targeted therapy for those achieving a partial response (PR) offers a promising avenue to enhance treatment efficacy. This study investigated the impact of NCRT on the tumor microenvironment in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients who exhibited a PR.

Methods

This was a retrospective, observational study. Five patients demonstrating a PR after neoadjuvant treatment for LARC were enrolled in the study. Biopsy samples before treatment and resected specimens after treatment were stained with a panel of 26 antibodies targeting various immune and tumor-related markers, each labeled with distinct metal tags. The labeled samples were then analyzed using the Hyperion imaging system.

Results

Heterogeneity within the tumor microenvironment was observed both before and after NCRT. Notably, tumor-associated macrophages, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, CD56 + natural killer cells, tumor-associated neutrophils, cytokeratin, and E-cadherin exhibited slight increase in abundance within the tumor microenvironment following treatment (change ratios = 0.78, 0.2, 0.27, 0.32, 0.17, 0.46, 0.32, respectively). Conversely, the number of CD14 + monocytes, CD19 + B cells, CD45 + CD4 + T cells, collagen I, α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and β-catenin proteins displayed significant decreases post-treatment (change ratios = 1.73, 1.92, 1.52, 1.25, 1.52, 1.12, 2.66, respectively). Meanwhile, Foxp3 + regulatory cells demonstrated no significant change (change ratio = 0.001).

Conclusions

NCRT has diverse effects on various components of the tumor microenvironment in LARC patients who achieve a PR after treatment. Leveraging combination therapies may optimize treatment outcomes in this patient population.
Increased [18F]FDG uptake in the infarcted myocardial area displayed by combined PET/CMR correlates with snRNA-seq-detected inflammatory cell invasion
Authors: Lukovic Dominika , Gyöngyösi Mariann , Pavo Imre J. , Mester-Tonczar Julia , Einzinger Patrick , Zlabinger Katrin , Kastner Nina , Spannbauer Andreas , Traxler Denise , Pavo Noemi , Goliasch Georg , Pils Dietmar , Jakab Andras , Szankai Zsuzsanna , Michel-Behnke Ina , Zhang Lu , Devaux Yvan , Graf Senta , Beitzke Dietrich , Winkler Johannes
Published: June 2024

Combined [18F]FDG PET-cardiac MRI imaging (PET/CMR) is a useful tool to assess myocardial viability and cardiac function in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Here, we evaluated the prognostic value of PET/CMR in a porcine closed-chest reperfused AMI (rAMI) model. Late gadolinium enhancement by PET/CMR imaging displayed tracer uptake defect at the infarction site by 3 days after the rAMI in the majority of the animals (group Match, n = 28). Increased [18F]FDG uptake at the infarcted area (metabolism/contractility mismatch) with reduced tracer uptake in the remote viable myocardium (group Mismatch, n = 12) 3 days after rAMI was observed in the animals with larger infarct size and worse left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (34 ± 8.7 vs 42.0 ± 5.2%), with lower LVEF also at the 1-month follow-up (35.8 ± 9.5 vs 43.0 ± 6.3%). Transcriptome analyses by bulk and single-nuclei RNA sequencing of the infarcted myocardium and border zones (n = 3 of each group, and 3 sham-operated controls) revealed a strong inflammatory response with infiltration of monocytes and macrophages in the infarcted and border areas in Mismatch animals. Our data indicate a high prognostic relevance of combined PET/MRI in the subacute phase of rAMI for subsequent impairment of heart function and underline the adverse effects of an excessive activation of the innate immune system in the initial phase after rAMI.
Clinical characteristics and perinatal outcome of fetuses with ventriculomegaly
Authors: Davutoglu Ebru Alici , Arica Gorkem , Sahin Nazli Ece , Ucar Ayse Kalyoncu , Adaletli Ibrahim , Vural Zekeriyya Mehmet , Madazli Riza
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To assess the incidence of associated structural anomalies, chromosomal/genetic abnormalities, infections, and perinatal outcomes of fetuses with ventriculomegaly (VM), also to evaluate the role of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting associated intracranial anomalies.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of 149 prenatally diagnosed pregnancies with fetal VM. VM was classified as mild (Vp = 10–12 mm), moderate (Vp = 12.1–15 mm), and severe (Vp > 15 mm). Fetal MRI was performed to 97 pregnancies.

Results

The incidences of an associated CNS, non-CNS, chromosomal anomaly, genetic abnormality and fetal infection were 42.3%, 11.4%, 6.1%, 2.1% and 1.3%, respectively. Fetal MRI identified additional CNS anomalies in 6.7% of cases, particularly in severe VM. The incidences of perinatal outcomes were 18.8% termination of pregnancy, 4% intrauterine and 8.1% neonatal or infant death. The rates of fetuses alive at > 12 months of age with neurological morbidity were 2.6%, 11.1% and 76.9% for mild, moderate and severe isolated VM, respectively.

Conclusion

The prognosis of fetuses with VM mostly depends on the severity and the associated anomalies. Mild to moderate isolated VM generally have favorable outcomes. Fetal MRI is particularly valuable in fetuses with isolated severe VM.
Enhancing ultrasound education in obstetrics and gynecology in Germany: insights and innovations from postgraduate training
Authors: Schlapp Marie-Sovie , Wittek Agnes , Neubauer Ricarda , Geipel Annegret , Gembruch Ulrich , Strizek Brigitte , Recker Florian
Published: June 2024

Background

Ultrasound (US) has become integral to obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn), necessitating proficient training during residency. Despite its clinical importance, there is a perceived gap in the quality and structure of postgraduate ultrasound education in Germany.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Ob/Gyn residents in Germany from October 2023 to March 2024, using the LimeSurvey platform. The survey, distributed via email, social media, and physical flyers, garnered 211 participants, with 115 completing all sections. The questionnaire covered demographic details, US training experiences, and the perceived importance of US in clinical practice.

Results

Although US was highly valued by respondents, with an average of 26.1% of their clinical activity devoted to it, there was significant dissatisfaction with the training quality. Key issues included inadequate supervision, the necessity of self-training, and low participation in certification courses. Despite 93.0% awareness of professional US organizations like the German Society for Ultrasound in Medicine (DEGUM), engagement with structured training programs was minimal.

Discussion

The study highlights a critical need for standardized US training protocols and curricular reform in Ob/Gyn residencies in Germany. The discrepancy between the recognized importance of US and the quality of training indicates a pressing need for improvements. Addressing these gaps through comprehensive, structured educational reforms could significantly enhance the proficiency and confidence of future Ob/Gyn specialists, ultimately improving patient care.
From the mantle source to the crustal sink: magmatic differentiation and sulfide saturation of the Paleoproterozoic komatiites of the Central Lapland Greenstone Belt, Finland
Authors: Virtanen Ville J. , Höytiä Henri M.A. , Iacono-Marziano Giada , Yang Shenghong , Moilanen Marko , Törmänen Tuomo
Published: June 2024

Paleoproterozoic (2.05 Ga) komatiites are widespread in the Central Lapland Greenstone Belt (CLGB), northern Finland. Close association with sulfur (S)-rich country rocks and spatiotemporal connection with the Cu-Ni(-PGE) deposits of Kevitsa and Sakatti make these komatiites interesting targets for sulfide deposit exploration. We provide whole-rock geochemical data from Sattasvaara komatiites and combine it with literature data to form a geochemical database for the CLGB komatiites. We construct a model for the komatiites from adiabatic melting of the mantle source to fractional crystallization at crustal conditions. Using MELTS, we calculate three parental melts (MgO = 20.6–25.7 wt%) in equilibrium with Fo92, Fo93, and Fo94 olivine for the CLGB komatiites. Based on REEBOX PRO simulations, these parental melts can form from a single mantle source by different pressures and degrees of melting when the potential temperature is 1575–1700 °C. We calculate ranges of S contents for the parental melts based on the different mantle melting conditions and degrees of melting. We use Magma Chamber Simulator to fractionally crystallize the parental melt at crustal conditions. These simulations reproduce the major element oxide, Ni, Cu, and S contents from our komatiite database. Simulated Ni contents in olivine are compatible with literature data from Kevitsa and Sakatti, hence providing a baseline to identify Ni-depleted olivine in CLGB komatiites and related intrusive rocks. We show that fractional crystallization of the komatiitic parental melt can form either Ni-rich or Cu-rich sulfide melt, depending on the initial Ni and S content of the parental melt.
Full Hill-type muscle model of the I1/I3 retractor muscle complex in Aplysia californica
Authors: Sukhnandan Ravesh , Chen Qianxue , Shen Jiayi , Pao Samantha , Huan Yu , Sutton Gregory P. , Gill Jeffrey P. , Chiel Hillel J. , Webster-Wood Victoria A.
Published: June 2024

The coordination of complex behavior requires knowledge of both neural dynamics and the mechanics of the periphery. The feeding system of Aplysia californica is an excellent model for investigating questions in soft body systems’ neuromechanics because of its experimental tractability. Prior work has attempted to elucidate the mechanical properties of the periphery by using a Hill-type muscle model to characterize the force generation capabilities of the key protractor muscle responsible for moving Aplysia’s grasper anteriorly, the I2 muscle. However, the I1/I3 muscle, which is the main driver of retractions of Aplysia’s grasper, has not been characterized. Because of the importance of the musculature’s properties in generating functional behavior, understanding the properties of muscles like the I1/I3 complex may help to create more realistic simulations of the feeding behavior of Aplysia, which can aid in greater understanding of the neuromechanics of soft-bodied systems. To bridge this gap, in this work, the I1/I3 muscle complex was characterized using force-frequency, length-tension, and force-velocity experiments and showed that a Hill-type model can accurately predict its force-generation properties. Furthermore, the muscle’s peak isometric force and stiffness were found to exceed those of the I2 muscle, and these results were analyzed in the context of prior studies on the I1/I3 complex’s kinematics in vivo.
Impact of aging on crossmodal attention switching
Authors: Schils Ludivine A. P. , Koch Iring , Huang Pi-Chun , Hsieh Shulan , Stephan Denise N.
Published: June 2024

Previous studies on crossmodal visual-auditory attention switching using a spatial discrimination task showed performance costs when the target modality changed relative to when it repeated. The present study (n = 42 for each age group) examined age-related changes in crossmodal attention switching by asking young (age range 19 to 30 years old) and older (age range 64 to 80 years old) participants to respond to unimodal central cues and bimodal lateralized stimuli. The participants’ task was to indicate the location of the target in the relevant modality using button presses. Results showed general attention switch costs. Additionally, we found no specific age-related increase of attention switch costs (no difference in performance between switch and repetition of target modality), but age-related increased mixing costs (decreased performance for repetition in modality-mixed condition compared to single target modality). Moreover, spatial distraction produced a crossmodal congruency effect, which was only slightly larger in older adults. Taken together, age-related increased mixing costs suggest a general difficulty with maintaining more than one task, but no specific age-related crossmodal impairment in crossmodal attention switching.
Loss of insulin-expressing extra-islet cells in type 1 diabetes is accompanied with increased number of glucagon-expressing extra-islet cells
Authors: Granlund Louise , Lundberg Marcus
Published: June 2024

The presence of remaining insulin-positive cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is well-known. These cells are part of islets or appear as extra-islet insulin-positive cells scattered in the exocrine parenchyma. The latter are poorly described, and the presence of scattered endocrine cells expressing other islet hormones than insulin has not been explored. This study aimed to compare the extra-islet insulin- or glucagon-positive cells concerning their frequency, transcription-factor expression, and mitotic activity in subjects with and without T1D. Multispectral imaging was used to examine extra-islet cells by staining for insulin, glucagon, ARX, PDX1, and Ki67. This was done in well-preserved pancreatic tissue obtained from heart-beating organ donors with or without T1D. In three T1D donors, lobes with insulin-containing islets (ICI) were found. Within these, a higher frequency of extra-islet insulin-positive cells was observed compared to lobes with insulin-deficient islets (IDI). Increased frequency of glucagon-positive extra-islet cells was observed in donors with T1D (median 53 cells/mm2) when compared with non-diabetic donors (11 cells/mm2, p = 0.004). Proliferating endocrine cells were present in donors with, and without T1D, as demonstrated by Ki67-positive staining (0–3% of the cells expressing insulin or glucagon). The reduced frequency of extra-islet insulin-positive cells in lobes with IDI in donors with T1D suggests that the pathological mechanism causing beta cell demise in T1D affects entire lobes. The presence of an increased frequency of glucagon-positive extra-islet cells supports the notion of a preserved capacity to regenerate the endocrine pancreas in donors with T1D.
Can blood-based markers predict RECIST progression in non-small cell lung cancer treated with immunotherapy?
Authors: Yeghaian Melda , Tareco Bucho Teresa M. , de Bruin Melissa , Schmitz Alexander , Bodalal Zuhir , Smit Egbert F. , Beets-Tan Regina G. H. , van den Broek Daan , Trebeschi Stefano
Published: June 2024

Purpose

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of routine blood markers, serum tumour markers and their combination in predicting RECIST-defined progression in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Methods

We employed time-varying statistical models and machine learning classifiers in a Monte Carlo cross-validation approach to investigate the association between RECIST-defined progression and blood markers, serum tumour markers and their combination, in a retrospective cohort of 164 patients with NSCLC.

Results

The performance of the routine blood markers in the prediction of progression free survival was moderate. Serum tumour markers and their combination with routine blood markers generally improved performance compared to routine blood markers alone. Elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ranked as the top predictive routine blood markers, and CYFRA 21.1 was consistently among the most predictive serum tumour markers. Using these classifiers to predict overall survival yielded moderate to high performance, even when cases of death-defined progression were excluded. Performance varied across the treatment journey.

Conclusion

Routine blood tests, especially when combined with serum tumour markers, show moderate predictive value  of RECIST-defined progression in NSCLC patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. The relationship between overall survival and RECIST-defined progression may be influenced by confounding factors.
Hyperparasitism in bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae): new records and interaction networks in the Neotropics
Authors: López-Rivera Camila , Robayo-Sánchez Laura Natalia , Ramírez-Hernández Alejandro , Cortés-Vecino Jesús Alfredo , Cuéllar-Sáenz Jerson Andrés , Villar Juan Diego , Rivera-Páez Fredy Arvey , Ossa-López Paula Andrea , Henao-Osorio José Jaime , Cardona-Giraldo Alexandra , Ospina-Pérez Erika Mayerly , Hidalgo Marylin , Ramírez-Chaves Héctor E.
Published: June 2024

Hyperparasitism is defined as the interaction where one parasite is infected by another parasite. In bat flies (Streblidae and Nycteribiidae), both hyperparasites and microparasites (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and arthropods such as mites) have been documented. Fungi belonging to the order Laboulbeniales are microscopic parasites of a wide diversity of arthropod hosts. Three genera exclusively target bat flies: Arthrorhynchus, which parasitizes species within Nycteribiidae in the Eastern Hemisphere, while genus Gloeandromyces and Nycteromyces parasitize Streblidae in the Western Hemisphere. Among the hyperparasitic arthropods, mites of family Neothrombidiidae, particularly the monospecific genus Monunguis, are known to parasitize bat flies. Here we present the first records of the hyperparasites Monunguis streblida and Gloeandromyces pageanus f. polymorphus parasitizing Streblidae bat flies in Colombia and a summary of these hyperparasitic interactions in the Neotropics. We detected fungi and mites parasitizing bat flies that were collected in the Magdalena River Basin, Colombia, in field expeditions in 2018, 2022, and 2023. We identified 17 bat flies and two species of hyperparasites, specifically M. streblida and the fungi Gloeandromyces. Our search for reports of these interactions in the Neotropics revealed that seven species of Trichobius (Streblidae) are parasitized by M. streblida, whereas Paratrichobius longicrus (Streblidae) is parasitized by Gloeandromyces pageanus f. polymorphus. These interactions have been reported in 11 countries, but our records are the first of M. streblida and Laboulbeniales fungi parasitizing bat flies in Colombia. So far, a total of 14 species of fungi and one species of mite have been associated with 19 species of bat flies, which in turn, are linked to 15 species of Neotropical bats.
Clinical results of two different three-dimensional plate types for the treatment of mandibular angle fractures: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Pfister Jelena , Shazwani Farah Nur , Müller Martin , Burkhard John-Patrik
Published: June 2024

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to compare two different designs of three-dimensional osteosynthesis plates for their suitability in the treatment of mandibular angle fractures in terms of sufficient fracture healing and concomitant complications.

Materials and methods

Retrospectively a total of 54 patients with 56 mandibular angle fractures were evaluated. Two different types of three-dimensional plates from the Medartis Trilock system were analyzed: (A) Square design plate (☐-plate) with a thickness of 1.0 mm, and (B) triangular-shaped 3D-plate (△-plate) with a thickness of 1.3 mm. Patient demographics, fracture mechanism and intraoperative details were recorded during an average follow-up period of 1 year.

Results

The utilization of △-plates was observed to entail a considerably lengthier surgical time in contrast to ☐-plate systems (P = 0.037). The application of △-plate showed a tendency of higher incidence of major complications than ☐-plate (P = 0.06), as evidenced by the occurrence of non-union in 2 out of 22 cases, resulting in higher surgical revision rate for △-plate (P = 0.027).

Conclusion

Sufficient treatment of mandibular angle fractures is feasible by using 1.0 mm thick, square shaped three-dimensional plate systems. The use of thicker three-dimensional osteosynthesis plates seems to significantly increase the operating time and complication rates, whereby the geometry of the plate seems to have an influence.

Clinical relevance

The plate design could have an impact on treatment outcomes of mandibular angle fractures.

Trial registration number

Not applicable.
The impact of family involvement on students’ social-emotional development: the mediational role of school engagement
Authors: Martinez-Yarza Nerea , Solabarrieta-Eizaguirre Josu , Santibáñez-Gruber Rosa
Published: June 2024

Family involvement has been identified as a mechanism that explains the differences in academic performance and well-being between students from different socioeconomic backgrounds. The implications of family involvement in students' non-academic outcomes have often been overshadowed by a focus on the academic domain. This study focuses on one type of non-academic attributes which is currently most critical to navigate in school and beyond: social-emotional development. In addition to that, the potential mediating role of school engagement in the association between family involvement and students' social-emotional development remains to be explored. This study aimed to investigate whether family involvement was associated with students' school engagement and social-emotional development and to clarify the underlying mechanism in the relationship. The sample consisted of 170 students from 8 to 17 years old and their parents who live in economically vulnerable situations and experience social exclusion. The analyses were performed using Jamovi statistical software and a GLM Mediation Model module. To address the research objectives, a series of mediation analysis were performed to fit the hypothesized relations among the study variables. The mediational analysis suggested that home-based family involvement could not predict students' social-emotional development, and that the effect of home-based family involvement on students' social-emotional development was fully mediated by school engagement, a variable not included in previous research. The results suggest that families who are actively engaged in their child's education at home positively influence students' level of participation in school, which, in turn, promotes the development of students' social-emotional competences.
Who is really an excellent university student and how to identify them? A development of a comprehensive framework of excellence in higher education
Authors: Mašková Ivana , Kučera Dalibor , Nohavová Alena
Published: June 2024

This paper addresses the need for a more comprehensive framework of excellence in higher education, which goes beyond academic achievement alone, placing emphasis on its integration with personal characteristics, and acknowledging the diversity in the student population. Two research studies were conducted to establish this comprehensive framework. The pilot study aimed to offer a conceptual definition of the excellent university student according to the perceptions of the academic community. The study, which involved 26 teachers and 159 students, was informed by teacher interviews, student essays, and focus group discussions. The established conceptual framework of excellence was based on a subset of essential attributes that could be embodied by a real student. The conceptual framework comprises facets of expertness, proactive learning, and being a good person organised within the dimensions of educational and personal excellence. It is complemented by academic achievement and underpinned by genuine study motivation. Building upon the findings of the pilot study, the main study aimed to develop and implement a systematic procedure for identifying excellent students. The study, which involved 53 teachers and 112 students, was based on a multisource assessment of multiple contextually relevant criteria of excellence. The identification procedure involved three phases: teacher nomination and assessment, academic achievement assessment, and peer assessment. As a result, 10 excellent students were identified who met all the conceptual criteria of excellence. In conclusion, this paper presents a comprehensive conceptual and methodological framework for defining and identifying excellent university students, grounded in both theoretical principles and empirical findings.
Assimilating human feedback from autonomous vehicle interaction in reinforcement learning models
Authors: Fox Richard , Ludvig Elliot A.
Published: June 2024

A significant challenge for real-world automated vehicles (AVs) is their interaction with human pedestrians. This paper develops a methodology to directly elicit the AV behaviour pedestrians find suitable by collecting quantitative data that can be used to measure and improve an algorithm's performance. Starting with a Deep Q Network (DQN) trained on a simple Pygame/Python-based pedestrian crossing environment, the reward structure was adapted to allow adjustment by human feedback. Feedback was collected by eliciting behavioural judgements collected from people in a controlled environment. The reward was shaped by the inter-action vector, decomposed into feature aspects for relevant behaviours, thereby facilitating both implicit preference selection and explicit task discovery in tandem. Using computational RL and behavioural-science techniques, we harness a formal iterative feedback loop where the rewards were repeatedly adapted based on human behavioural judgments. Experiments were conducted with 124 participants that showed strong initial improvement in the judgement of AV behaviours with the adaptive reward structure. The results indicate that the primary avenue for enhancing vehicle behaviour lies in the predictability of its movements when introduced. More broadly, recognising AV behaviours that receive favourable human judgments can pave the way for enhanced performance.