bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Molecular Aspect of Nephrolithiasis Development
Authors: Wigner Paulina , Grębowski Radosław , Bijak Michal , Szemraj Janusz , Saluk-Bijak Joanna
Published: July 2021

Urolithiasis is the third most common urological disease after urinary tract infections and prostate diseases, and it is characterised by an occurrence rate of about 15%, which continues to rise. The increase in the incidence of kidney stones observed in recent decades, is most likely caused by modifications in dietary habits (high content of protein, sodium and sugar diet) and lifestyle (reduced physical activity) in all industrialised countries. Moreover, men are more likely than women to be diagnosed with kidney stones. A growing body of evidence suggests that inflammation, oxidant–antioxidant imbalance, angiogenesis, purine metabolism and urea cycle disorders may play a crucial role in nephrolithiasis development. Patients with urolithiasis were characterised by an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the products of lipid peroxidation, proinflammatory cytokines as well as proangiogenic factors, compared to controls. Furthermore, it has been shown that deficiency and disorders of enzymes involved in purine metabolism and the urea cycle might be causes of deposit formation. ROS generation suggests that the course of kidney stones might be additionally potentiated by inflammation, purine metabolism and the urea cycle. On the other hand, ROS overproduction may induce activation of angiogenesis, and thus, allows deposit aggregation.
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP): The Better Sibling of PCR?
Authors: Soroka Marianna , Wasowicz Barbara , Rymaszewska Anna
Published: July 2021

In 1998, when the PCR technique was already popular, a Japanese company called Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd. designed a method known as the loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA (LAMP). The method can produce up to 109 copies of the amplified DNA within less than an hour. It is also highly specific due to the use of two to three pairs of primers (internal, external, and loop), which recognise up to eight specific locations on the DNA or RNA targets. Furthermore, the Bst DNA polymerase most used in LAMP shows a high strand displacement activity, which eliminates the DNA denaturation stage. One of the most significant advantages of LAMP is that it can be conducted at a stable temperature, for instance, in a dry block heater or an incubator. The products of LAMP can be detected much faster than in standard techniques, sometimes only requiring analysis with the naked eye. The following overview highlights the usefulness of LAMP and its effectiveness in various fields; it also considers the superiority of LAMP over PCR and presents RT-LAMP as a rapid diagnostic tool for SARS-CoV-2.
Etching Characteristics and Changes in Surface Properties of IGZO Thin Films by O2 Addition in CF4/Ar Plasma
Authors: Lee Chea-Young , Joo Young-Hee , Kim Minsoo P. , Um Doo-Seung , Kim Chang-Il
Published: July 2021

Plasma etching processes for multi-atomic oxide thin films have become increasingly important owing to the excellent material properties of such thin films, which can potentially be employed in next-generation displays. To fabricate high-performance and reproducible devices, the etching mechanism and surface properties must be understood. In this study, we investigated the etching characteristics and changes in the surface properties of InGaZnO4 (IGZO) thin films with the addition of O2 gases based on a CF4/Ar high-density-plasma system. A maximum etch rate of 32.7 nm/min for an IGZO thin film was achieved at an O2/CF4/Ar (=20:25:75 sccm) ratio. The etching mechanism was interpreted in detail through plasma analysis via optical emission spectroscopy and surface analysis via X-ray photoelectron microscopy. To determine the performance variation according to the alteration in the surface composition of the IGZO thin films, we investigated the changes in the work function, surface energy, and surface roughness through ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle measurement, and atomic force microscopy, respectively. After the plasma etching process, the change in work function was up to 280 meV, the thin film surface became slightly hydrophilic, and the surface roughness slightly decreased. This work suggests that plasma etching causes various changes in thin-film surfaces, which affects device performance.
An Environmentally Friendly Method for Removing Hg(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Sn(II) Heavy Metals from Wastewater Using Novel Metal–Carbon-Based Composites
Authors: Adam Abdel Majid , Saad Hosam A. , Atta Ahmed A. , Alsawat Mohammed , Hegab Mohamed S. , Altalhi Tariq A. , Refat Moamen S.
Published: July 2021

Rapid economic and industrial development and population growth have made water contamination a serious environmental problem and a major threat to public health worldwide. Heavy metals are extensively used in numerous industrial applications and are some of the most important environmental contaminants. The impacts of heavy metals on the health of humans, animals, and plants make their removal from wastewater and water resources an important and vital issue. In this study, a simple and environmentally friendly method is proposed for the synthesis of a ZnFe2O4-carbon nanotube (CNT) adsorbent material. SEM/EDX analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) are used to characterize the synthesized adsorbent material. We test the synthesized adsorbent material’s ability to recover four heavy metals (Hg(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Sn(II) ions) from an aqueous solution. We show that crushing fullerene CNTs with the ZnFe2O4 composite improves the adsorption properties of free fullerene CNTs towards the investigated heavy metal ions by 25%.
Screening of II-IV-V2 Materials for Photovoltaic Applications Based on Density Functional Theory Calculations
Authors: Jeong Byeong-Hyeon , Jeong Minwoo , Song Youbin , Park Kanghyeon , Park Ji-Sang
Published: July 2021

The relative stability of polymorphs and their electronic structure was investigated for II-IV-V2 materials by using first-principles density functional theory calculations. Our calculation results show that, for Zn-, Cd-, and Be-containing compounds, nitrides favor the 2H polymorph with AB stacking sequence; however, phosphides, arsenides, and antimonides are more stable in the 3C polymorph with the ABC stacking sequence. The electronic band gap of materials was calculated by using hybrid density functional theory methods, and then materials with an ideal band gap for photovoltaic applications were chosen. The experimental synthesis of the screened materials is reported, except for CdSiSb2, which was found to be unstable in our calculation. The absorption coefficient of the screened materials, especially ZnGeAs2, was high enough to make thin-film solar cells. The higher stacking fault energy in ZnGeAs2 than the others is consistent with the larger formation energy difference between the 2H and 3C polymorphs.
Quantitative Assessment of Ciliary Ultrastructure with the Use of Automatic Analysis: PCD Quant
Authors: Felšöová Andrea , Sloboda Tibor , Hudec Lukáš , Koblížek Miroslav , Pohunek Petr , Martinů Vendula , Varényiová Žofia , Kadlecová Simona , Uhlík Jiří
Published: July 2021

The ciliary ultrastructure can be damaged in various situations. Such changes include primary defects found in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and secondary defects developing in secondary ciliary dyskinesia (SCD). PCD is a genetic disease resulting from impaired ciliary motility causing chronic disease of the respiratory tract. SCD is an acquired condition that can be caused, for example, by respiratory infection or exposure to tobacco smoke. The diagnosis of these diseases is a complex process with many diagnostic methods, including the evaluation of ciliary ultrastructure using transmission electron microscopy (the golden standard of examination). Our goal was to create a program capable of automatic quantitative analysis of the ciliary ultrastructure, determining the ratio of primary and secondary defects, as well as analysis of the mutual orientation of cilia in the ciliary border. PCD Quant, a program developed for the automatic quantitative analysis of cilia, cannot yet be used as a stand-alone method for evaluation and provides limited assistance in classifying primary and secondary defect classes and evaluating central pair angle deviations. Nevertheless, we see great potential for the future in automatic analysis of the ciliary ultrastructure.
Pepsinogen and Serum IgG Detection Is a Valuable Diagnostic Method for Helicobacter pylori Infection in a Low-Prevalence Country: A Report from Sri Lanka
Authors: Doohan Dalla , Fauzia Kartika Afrida , Rathnayake Jeewantha , Lamawansa Meegahalande Durage , Waskito Langgeng Agung , Tuan Vo Phuoc , Dashdorj Azzaya , Kabamba Evariste Tshibangu , Phuc Bui Hoang , Ansari Shamshul , Akada Junko , Matsumoto Takashi , Uchida Tomohisa , Matsuhisa Takeshi , Yamaoka Yoshio
Published: July 2021

The use of serum anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG and pepsinogen (PG) detection as a diagnostic method was evaluated in Sri Lanka. Gastric biopsies were performed (353 patients), and the prevalence of H. pylori infection was 1.7% (culture) and 2.0% (histology). IgG serology testing showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.922 (cut-off, 2.95 U/mL; specificity, 91.56%; sensitivity, 88.89%). Histological evaluation showed mild atrophy (34.3%), moderate atrophy (1.7%), metaplasia (1.7%), chronic gastritis (6.2%), and normal tissue (56%). The PGI/PGII ratio was significantly higher in H. pylori-negative patients (p < 0.01). PGII and PGI/PGII levels were lower in patients with metaplasia than in those with normal mucosa (p = 0.049 and p < 0.001, respectively). The PGI/PGII ratio best discriminated metaplasia and moderate atrophy (AUC 0.88 and 0.76, respectively). PGI and PGII alone showed poor discriminative ability, especially in mild atrophy (0.55 and 0.53, respectively) and chronic gastritis (0.55 and 0.53, respectively). The best cut-off to discriminate metaplasia was 3.25 U/mL (95.19% specificity, 83.33% sensitivity). Anti-H. pylori IgG and PG assessment (ABC method) was performed (group B, 2.0%; group A, 92.1%). The new cut-off more accurately identified patients with metaplasia requiring follow-up (group B, 5.4%). Assessment of anti-H. pylori IgG and PG is valuable in countries with a low prevalence of H. pylori infection.
Examination of Entire Gastrointestinal Tract: A Perspective of Mouth to Anus (M2A) Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: Nam Ji Hyung , Lee Kwang Hoon , Lim Yun Jeong
Published: July 2021

Capsule endoscopy (CE) is the only non-invasive diagnostic tool that enables the direct visualization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Even though CE was initially developed for small-bowel investigation, its clinical application is expanding, and technological advances continue. The final iteration of CE will be a mouth to anus (M2A) capsule that investigates the entire GI tract by the ingestion of a single capsule. This narrative review describes the current developmental status of CE and discusses the possibility of realizing an M2A capsule and what needs to be overcome in the future.
Influence of Vertical Equivalent Damping Ratio on Seismic Isolation Effectiveness of Nuclear Reactor Building
Authors: Zhu Xiuyun , Li Jianbo , Lin Gao , Pan Rong
Published: July 2021

This paper aimed at evaluating the influence of different vertical equivalent damping ratios of a 3-dimensional combined isolation bearing (3D-CIB) as regards seismic response and isolation effectiveness. A comparative study of the seismic response in terms of acceleration floor response spectra (FRS), peak acceleration, displacement response of the nuclear reactor building, and dynamic response of the 3D-CIB was carried out. The results showed that: (1) the horizontal FRS is slightly influenced by the vertical equivalent damping ratio of 3D-CIB, whereas the increase of the vertical equivalent damping ratio has a significant effect on reducing the vertical FRS; (2) the peak vertical acceleration increased with the decrease in the vertical equivalent damping ratios of 3D-CIB and the difference of peak accelerations calculated by the damping ratio of 20 and 25% is within 10%; (3) the increase of the vertical equivalent damping ratio is capable of reducing the horizontal displacement and the rocking effect of the superstructure, and effectively controlling the vertical displacement amplitude; and (4) the vertical equivalent damping ratio of 3D-CIB has a slight effect on its axial force. Consequently, it is demonstrated that the increase of the vertical equivalent damping ratio is advantageous for isolation effectiveness. From the view of displacement control, it is suggested that the 3D-CIB with the vertical an equivalent damping ratio of 15~20% is appropriate and acceptable.
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Forest Management Activities from 1990 to 2019 to Demonstrate Additionality for Climate Change Mitigation in the Forest Sector of South Korea
Authors: Lee Seunghyun , Lee Sunjeoung , Han Hee , You Joungwon , Yim Jongsu , Bae Jae Soo
Published: July 2021

Forest management is key to maintaining and increasing carbon sinks in forests. In the context of climate change mitigation, the exact number of carbon sinks associated with forest management is estimated as the additionality of activities, which means net greenhouse gas (GHG) removals or carbon sequestration over and above those that would have arisen even in the absence of a given activity. This study analyzes the spatial and temporal patterns of forest management activities to present the forest management ratio, of managed area to the total forest area, as an indicator of additionality in forest management in South Korea. Forest management activities based on the IPCC guidelines were spatially constructed, and the characteristics of managed and protected forests from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed. The results indicate that between the managed forests and roads, 90% of the management activities in private forests occurred within 214 m of the road, and 70% of the activities in the national forest occurred within 234 m. Management took place in easy-to-access places with gentle slopes and low elevations. The proportion of protected forests above 40 years old is 87.2%, higher than the average of 72% in South Korea, and it is expected that most forests will age and their carbon absorption capacity will decrease by 2050. The area of tree planting and thinning is approximately 290 thousand ha per year, which could potentially increase the forest management ratio by up to 4.5% per year. However, the actual increase was at an average of 1.4%, owing to the omission of exact information on management activities, such as spatial coordinates and overlapping practices in the same management unit. The forest management ratio in South Korea as of 2019 was 53.4%; therefore, the amount of GHG removal in the forest sectors was 53.4% of total absorption per year. Thus, it is necessary to make efforts to increase the ratio to enhance the contribution of forest sectors to climate change mitigation for the country.
Intra-Annual Identification of Local Deforestation Hotspots in the Philippines Using Earth Observation Products
Authors: Araza Arnan B. , Castillo Gem B. , Buduan Eric D. , Hein Lars , Herold Martin , Reiche Johannes , Gou Yaqing , Villaluz Maya Gabriela Q. , Razal Ramon A.
Published: July 2021

Like many other tropical countries, the Philippines has suffered from decades of deforestation and forest degradation during and even after the logging era. Several open access Earth Observation (EO) products are increasingly being used for deforestation analysis in support of national and international initiatives and policymaking on forest conservation and management. Using a combination of annual forest loss and near-real time forest disturbance products, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the deforestation events in three forest frontiers of the Philippines. A space-time pattern mining approach was used to map quarterly deforestation hotspots at 1 km pixel size (100 hectares), where hotspots are classified according to the spatial and temporal variability of the 2000–2020 deforestation in the study area. Our results revealed that 79–81% of the hotspots overlap with primary forests and 27–29% are inside the state-declared protected areas. The intra-annual analysis of deforestation in 2020 revealed an alarming trend, where most deforestation occurred between the 1st and 2nd quarter (92–94% in hotspot forests; 87–89% in non-hotspot forests), highly overlapping within the slash-and-burn farming season. We also found “new” hotspots (2020) formed mostly from landslide scars and partly from selective logging, the latter is believed to be underestimated. Our study paves the way for rapid and regular assessment of the country’s deforestation, useful for the respective environmental institutions who convene several times a year. Moreover, our findings assert the imperative of alternative livelihoods to upland farmers, efficient forest protection activities, and even the mitigation of landslide risks.
Multi-Model Approaches to the Spatialization of Tree Vitality Surveys: Constructing a National Tree Vitality Map
Authors: Choi Yuyoung , Chung Hye In , Lim Chul-Hee , Lee Jun-Hee , Choi Won Il , Jeon Seong Woo
Published: July 2021

It is essential to maintain the health of forests so that they are protected against a diverse range of stressors and show improved resilience. An area-based forest health map is required for efficient forest management on a national scale however, most national forest inventories are based on in-situ observations. This study examined methodologies to establish an area-based map on tree vitality grade using field survey data, particularly that containing information on several trees at one point. The forest health monitoring dataset of the Republic of Korea was used in combination with 37 satellite-based environmental predictors. Four methods were considered: Multinomial logistic regression (MLR), random forest classification (RF), indicator kriging (IK), and multi-model ensemble (MME) approaches using species distribution models. The MLR and RF produced biased results, whereby almost all regions were classified as first grade; the spatialization results of these methods were considered inappropriate for forest management. The maps produced using the IK and MME methods improved the distinctions between the distributions of five grades compared to the previous two methodologies however, the MME method produced better results, reliably reflecting topographical and climatic characteristics. Comparisons with the vegetation condition index and bioclimate vulnerability index also emphasized the usefulness of the MME. This study is particularly relevant to the national forest managers who struggle to find the most effective forest monitoring and management strategies. Suggestions to improve spatialization of field survey data are further discussed.
TWEAKing the Hippocampus: The Effects of TWEAK on the Genomic Fabric of the Hippocampus in a Neuropsychiatric Lupus Mouse Model
Authors: Iacobas Dumitru A. , Wen Jing , Iacobas Sanda , Putterman Chaim , Schwartz Noa
Published: July 2021

Neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), specifically cognitive dysfunction and mood disorders, are widely prevalent in SLE patients, and yet poorly understood. TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) has previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE), and we have recently shown its effects on the transcriptome of the cortex of the lupus-prone mice model MRL/lpr. As the hippocampus is thought to be an important focus of NPSLE processes, we explored the TWEAK-induced transcriptional changes that occur in the hippocampus, and isolated several genes (Dnajc28, Syne2, transthyretin) and pathways (PI3K-AKT, as well as chemokine-signaling and neurotransmission pathways) that are most differentially affected by TWEAK activation. While the functional roles of these genes and pathways within NPSLE need to be further investigated, an interesting link between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration appears to emerge, which may prove to be a promising novel direction in NPSLE research.
Forecasting the Long-Term Trends of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic Using the Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) Model
Authors: Kartono Agus , Karimah Savira Vita , Wahyudi Setyanto Tri , Setiawan Ardian Arif , Sofian Irmansyah
Published: July 2021

A simple model for predicting Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is presented in this study. The prediction model is presented based on the classic Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model, which has been widely used to describe the epidemic time evolution of infectious diseases. The original version of the Kermack and McKendrick model is used in this study. This included the daily rates of infection spread by infected individuals when these individuals interact with a susceptible population, which is denoted by the parameter β, while the recovery rates to determine the number of recovered individuals is expressed by the parameter γ. The parameters estimation of the three-compartment SIR model is determined through using a mathematical sequential reduction process from the logistic growth model equation. As the parameters are the basic characteristics of epidemic time evolution, the model is always tested and applied to the latest actual data of confirmed COVID-19 cases. It seems that this simple model is still reliable enough to describe the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic, not only qualitatively but also quantitatively with a high degree of correlation between actual data and prediction results. Therefore, it is possible to apply this model to predict cases of COVID-19 in several countries. In addition, the parameter characteristics of the classic SIR model can provide information on how these parameters reflect the efforts by each country to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. This is clearly seen from the changes of the parameters shown by the classic SIR model.
An Evaluation of Multilingual Offensive Language Identification Methods for the Languages of India
Authors: Ranasinghe Tharindu , Zampieri Marcos
Published: July 2021

The pervasiveness of offensive content in social media has become an important reason for concern for online platforms. With the aim of improving online safety, a large number of studies applying computational models to identify such content have been published in the last few years, with promising results. The majority of these studies, however, deal with high-resource languages such as English due to the availability of datasets in these languages. Recent work has addressed offensive language identification from a low-resource perspective, exploring data augmentation strategies and trying to take advantage of existing multilingual pretrained models to cope with data scarcity in low-resource scenarios. In this work, we revisit the problem of low-resource offensive language identification by evaluating the performance of multilingual transformers in offensive language identification for languages spoken in India. We investigate languages from different families such as Indo-Aryan (e.g., Bengali, Hindi, and Urdu) and Dravidian (e.g., Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada), creating important new technology for these languages. The results show that multilingual offensive language identification models perform better than monolingual models and that cross-lingual transformers show strong zero-shot and few-shot performance across languages.
Digital Twins: From Personalised Medicine to Precision Public Health
Authors: Kamel Boulos Maged N. , Zhang Peng
Published: July 2021

A digital twin is a virtual model of a physical entity, with dynamic, bi-directional links between the physical entity and its corresponding twin in the digital domain. Digital twins are increasingly used today in different industry sectors. Applied to medicine and public health, digital twin technology can drive a much-needed radical transformation of traditional electronic health/medical records (focusing on individuals) and their aggregates (covering populations) to make them ready for a new era of precision (and accuracy) medicine and public health. Digital twins enable learning and discovering new knowledge, new hypothesis generation and testing, and in silico experiments and comparisons. They are poised to play a key role in formulating highly personalised treatments and interventions in the future. This paper provides an overview of the technology’s history and main concepts. A number of application examples of digital twins for personalised medicine, public health, and smart healthy cities are presented, followed by a brief discussion of the key technical and other challenges involved in such applications, including ethical issues that arise when digital twins are applied to model humans.
Alternative Approach for Specific Tyrosinase Inhibitor Screening: Uncompetitive Inhibition of Tyrosinase by Moringa oleifera
Authors: Hashim Farah J. , Vichitphan Sukanda , Han Jaehong , Vichitphan Kanit
Published: July 2021

Tyrosinase (TYR) is a type III copper oxidase present in fungi, plants and animals. The inhibitor of human TYR plays a vital role in pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields by preventing synthesis of melanin in the skin. To search for an effective TYR inhibitor from various plant extracts, a kinetic study of TYR inhibition was performed with mushroom TYR. Among Panax ginseng, Alpinia galanga, Vitis vinifera and Moringa oleifera, the extracts of V. vinifera seed, A. galanga rhizome and M. oleifera leaf reversibly inhibited TYR diphenolase activity with IC50 values of 94.8 ± 0.2 µg/mL, 105.4 ± 0.2 µg/mL and 121.3 ± 0.4 µg/mL, respectively. Under the same conditions, the IC50 values of the representative TYR inhibitors of ascorbic acid and kojic acid were found at 235.7 ± 1.0 and 192.3 ± 0.4 µg/mL, respectively. An inhibition kinetics study demonstrated mixed-type inhibition of TYR diphenolase by A. galanga and V. vinifera, whereas a rare uncompetitive inhibition pattern was found from M. oleifera with an inhibition constant of Kii 73 µg/mL. Phytochemical investigation by HPLC-MS proposed luteolin as a specific TYR diphenolase ES complex inhibitor, which was confirmed by the inhibition kinetics of luteolin. The results clearly showed that studying TYR inhibition kinetics with plant extract mixtures can be utilized for the screening of specific TYR inhibitors.
Structural Refinement of Carbimazole by NMR Crystallography
Authors: Scarperi Andrea , Barcaro Giovanni , Pajzderska Aleksandra , Martini Francesca , Carignani Elisa , Geppi Marco
Published: July 2021

The characterization of the three-dimensional structure of solids is of major importance, especially in the pharmaceutical field. In the present work, NMR crystallography methods are applied with the aim to refine the crystal structure of carbimazole, an active pharmaceutical ingredient used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism and Grave’s disease. Starting from previously reported X-ray diffraction data, two refined structures were obtained by geometry optimization methods. Experimental 1H and 13C isotropic chemical shift measured by the suitable 1H and 13C high-resolution solid state NMR techniques were compared with DFT-GIPAW calculated values, allowing the quality of the obtained structure to be experimentally checked. The refined structure was further validated through the analysis of 1H-1H and 1H-13C 2D NMR correlation experiments. The final structure differs from that previously obtained from X-ray diffraction data mostly for the position of hydrogen atoms.
The Utility of Pharmacogenetic-Guided Psychotropic Medication Selection for Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ariefdjohan Merlin , Lee Yee Ming , Stutzman Danielle L. , LeNoue Sean , Wamboldt Marianne Z.
Published: July 2021

Background: To describe trends and clinical experiences in applying commercial pharmacogenetic testing among pediatric patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. Methods: Demographic and clinical data of patients receiving GeneSight® testing from January 2015 to November 2016 at an urban pediatric hospital were retrospectively extracted from medical charts. Outcome data included pharmacogenetic test results and medication prescriptions before and after the test. Results: A total of 450 patients (12.1 ± 4.3 years) diagnosed with anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental disorders including autism, and/or a mood disorder received testing, and 435 of them were prescribed medications. Comparing data before and after testing, the total number of psychotropic prescriptions were reduced by 27.2% and the number of prescribed medications with severe gene-drug interactions decreased from 165 to 95 (11.4% to 8.9% of total medications prescribed). Approximately 40% of actionable genetic annotation were related to CYP2CD6 and CYP2C19. Patients of Asian descent had significantly higher likelihood than other races of being classified as poor to intermediate metabolizers of antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics (p = 0.008, 0.007, and 0.001, respectively). Diagnoses, including autism spectrum disorder, were not associated with increased risks of severe gene-drug interactions. Conclusions: Pharmacogenetic testing in child and adolescent psychiatry is currently based on few clinically actionable genes validated by CPIC and/or FDA. Although this approach can be moderately utilized to guide psychotropic medication prescribing for pediatric patients with psychiatric disorders, clinicians should cautiously interpret test results while still relying on clinical experience and judgment to direct the final selection of medication.
Bivariate Frequency of Meteorological Drought in the Upper Minjiang River Based on Copula Function
Authors: Qin Fangling , Ao Tianqi , Chen Ting
Published: July 2021

Based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and copula function, this study analyzed the meteorological drought in the upper Minjiang River basin. The Tyson polygon method is used to divide the research area into four regions based on four meteorological stations. The monthly precipitation data of four meteorological stations from 1966 to 2016 were used for the calculation of SPI. The change trend of SPI1, SPI3 and SPI12 showed the historical dry-wet evolution phenomenon of short-term humidification and long-term aridification in the study area. The major drought events in each region are counted based on SPI3. The results show that the drought lasted the longest in Maoxian region, the occurrence of minor drought events was more frequent than the other regions. Nine distribution functions are used to fit the marginal distribution of drought duration (D), severity (S) and peak (P) estimated based on SPI3, the best marginal distribution is obtained by chi-square test. Five copula functions are used to create a bivariate joint probability distribution, the best copula function is selected through AIC, the univariate and bivariate return periods were calculated. The results of this paper will help the study area to assess the drought risk.
The features of cadastral works for boundarying the single real estate complex
Authors: Feoktistov E.A. , Sokolova L.A. , Slipets A.A. , Vasilyeva V.A.
Published: July 2021

The features of cadastral works for single real estate complex and the formation of a technical plan for such an object are considered in this work.
Development prospects of territory zoning
Authors: Antropov D.V.
Published: July 2021

In the article, the author examines the modern content of the institution of territory zoning in general, gives the classification and grouping of its individual types, zoning units and the reflection of information about them in the Unified state register of real estate. Further prospects for improvement the institution of zoning, strengthening the territorial zoning and the role of agglomerations in the Russian Federation, the development of new systems of macroeconomic zoning of the country, and identification of territories interesting for tourism are considered in this paper.
Integration of the rice field design software with AutoCAD Сivil 3D
Authors: Dmitrieva E.E. , Kalinova E.V.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the use of AutoCAD Civil 3D engineering system with the software for rice fields designing. The article contains the examples of graphic materials (rice field model) created in AutoCAD Civil 3D based on the design results in RIS software.
Support of interdepartmental information interaction in the regulation of land and property relations
Authors: Khametov T.I. , Semenova Yu.K.
Published: July 2021

The topical issues of interdepartmental information interaction in the regulation of land and property relations are considered in this paper. The concept, basic conditions, principles and purpose of creating a single information resource about land and real estate are outlined here as well. The authors proposed the options and the stages of creating a unified information system as well as the performance indicators of its functioning. The implementation of the unified information system will ensure the completeness and reliability of information about land and real estate and, thereby, will have a positive impact on efficiency of interdepartmental information interaction.
The features of land development and construction in the Arctic region, taking into account the dynamics of climatic changes
Authors: Bykova G.I. , Grippas M.A.
Published: July 2021

The article reflects the specifics of land development and construction in the Arctic North. It is necessary to use climate information effectively to select the best solutions and to avoid undue overestimation of the cost of facilities, increased heat loss, low heat resistance and strength affecting overspending. Recent trends in the context of dynamic climate change leading to rising sea levels, and possible flooding of coastal areas of the Arctic Seas are considered in this paper. The authors underline a great danger to infrastructure in result of possible destruction of coastal areas.

English version of the article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/peculiarities-of-land-development-and-construction-in-the-arctic-region-given-the-dynamics-of-climate-change/64263.html
Analysis of socio-economic development of the municipality
Authors: Khabarova I.A. , Khabarov D.A.
Published: July 2021

In this article, the authors make a comprehensive analysis of socio-economic development of the municipality of urban district Zhukovsky, Moscow region. The authors made recommendations for increasing the level of socio-economic development of this urban district, and assessed the effectiveness of the socio-economic development programs of the municipality.
Risks and opportunities of the process "Data management of the university quality management system"
Authors: Shirokorad I.I. , Borisova M.V. , Grigoriev V.M. , Schastlivetskaya E.A.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the results of the analysis and risk assessment of data management in the State University of Land Use Planning. The aim of the work was to manage the risks and opportunities of this process to enhance the impact of favorable events, mitigate unwanted risks and reduce the likelihood of their occurrence. This contributes to the improvement of university performance and increased satisfaction of interested parties. The article is intended for process managers of the quality management system (QMS) of higher education, as well as for specialists involved in managing the risks and capabilities of the QMS processes.
HYDRODYNAMIC CALCULATION OF A WEDGE-SHAPED SYSTEM «SLIDER – GUIDE» OPERATING ON A COMPRESSIBLE LUBRICANT IN THE PRESENCE OF MELT ON THE SURFACE OF THE GUIDE
Authors: AKHVERDIEV K.S. , BOLGOVA E.A. , LAGUNOVA E.O. , KUMANIN S.V.
Published: July 2021

Recently, various methods have been used to ensure the hydrodynamic mode of lubrication, one of the methods is devoted to this scientific article. In the article, on the basis of the equation of motion of a compressible, truly viscous liquid for a "thin layer", the equations of state, the continuity equation, as well as the equations describing the profile of the molten contour of the surface of the support ring, an asymptotic and self-similar solution is found for the zero (without taking into account the melt) and the first (taking into account the melt) approximation, for determining the velocity field and pressure in the lubricating layer. For the profile of the molten contour and the pressure, the solution is found by the method of sequential approximation, for the extreme and non-extreme case. As a result, a refined mathematical calculation model of a wedge-shaped sliding support with a low-melting metal coating on the movable contact surface is developed, which compensates for the emergency lack of lubricant and provides a stable hydrodynamic lubrication mode, which allows determining the bearing capacity and friction force. As a result of numerical analysis, the obtained refined mathematical calculation model of a wedge-shaped sliding support with a low-melting metal coating on the surface of the support ring, taking into account the compressibility of the liquid lubricant and the coating melt, and experimental research, the effectiveness of the obtained complex of refined models that allow performing both pre-design evaluation and design engineering calculations, in a wide range of operational load-speed modes, as well as the mechanism and stages of transition to lubrication with metal sprays is established, providing an increase in the level of the main tribotechnical parameters and the resource of tribosystems.
TRACTION DRIVE OF LOCOMOTIVES WITH HIGH MOMENTUM COLLECTOR TRACTION ELECTRIC MOTOR
Authors: DOROFEEV O.V. , VOROBYEV V.I. , BORZENKOV M.I. , IZMEROV O.V. , ZLOBIN S.N.
Published: July 2021

The issues of development of traction drives of locomotives are considered. It was found that with the existing limitations of the traction force and the speed of continuous operation, asynchronous traction motors do not have clear advantages over collector motors. The possibility of creating collector motors for electric locomotives with a power equal to the used asynchronous ones has been proved, new technical solutions have been proposed for units that ensure the reliability of the latter when using high-torque motors (elastic gearwheel with chevron teeth, two-layer rubber-metal hinge, rubber-cord clutch options), as an optimal solution for the drive with collector motors, it is proposed to use a drive with a support frame motor and an axial gearbox. The directions of research necessary for the practical implementation of drives with a high-torque traction motor are determined, it is proposed to conduct research on the feasibility of creating diesel locomotives with bogies, unified with electric locomotives. The proposed solutions received two patents for inventions, eight patents for utility models, two patent applications were filed.
JOURNAL BEARING WITH VARIABLE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS: SIMULATION RESULTS AND VERIFICATION
Authors: FETISOV A.S. , KORNAEV A.V.
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of a computational experiment on modeling a smooth plain bearing with a controlled axial supply of lubricant. The basic relations of the mathematical model, boundary conditions and parameters of modeling the fluid flow in the gap region of the sliding support are presented. The description of the calculation of the sliding support in the Ansys software package is given. The results of modeling and the results of calculating the static and dynamic parameters of the simulated bearing are presented. Conclusions are drawn on the applicability of computational fluid dynamics programs for calculating sliding supports
THE CALCULATION OF DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BEARINGS RADIAL PETAL MICRO-TURBINES DISTRIBUTED POWER SYSTEMS
Authors: SYTIN A.V. , KIRICHEK А.А. , IVANOV О.А. , VNUYKOV S.S.
Published: July 2021

The paper briefly describes the current state of distributed energy systems, which acts as an advanced supplier of electric and thermal energy to small towns, towns and villages, industrial enterprises, livestock farms, etc. The main working unit of this type of systems are micro turbine installations of low power. For these types of installations, the most critical and critical part is the rotary support unit. The article deals with the issues of modeling dynamic processes in rotor-bearing units in the presence of lobed gas-dynamic bearings with corrugated elements, which are currently promising supports for rotors of high-speed machines. A solution to the complex problem of calculating lobe gas-dynamic bearings based on a joint solution of gas dynamics, thermo physics and the theory of elasticity is presented. On the basis of the dynamics equations, a single-mass model of a rigid symmetric rotor on elastic supports consisting of several elastic-pliable layers: thin-walled lobes and corrugated elements is presented. The determination of the pressure field is based on the solution of the Reynolds equation, generalized to the case of a two-dimensional turbulent flow of a viscous compressible lubricant. Based on the expressions of the theory of elasticity, the problem of calculating the deformations of the lobe and the circular corrugated element of the lobe bearing under the action of gas-dynamic forces in the lubricating layer is considered. By linearization under the assumption of small displacements from the equilibrium position, based on the Taylor series expansion in the vicinity of the stationary position, the dependences of the stiffness and damping coefficients for this type of support are determined. In this case, the stiffness of the system "lubricating gas layer-petal-corrugated element" is represented as the sum of the successively connected: the stiffness of the gas lubricant layer, the stiffness of the elastic petal and the stiffness of the corrugated element. Damping system LGDP is the same way "lubricating air layer – petal – circular corrugated elements", which can be represented as the sum of series-connected dampers: a layer of gas lubrication, damping and damping petal corrugation. The article presents the stiffness and damping coefficients calculated by this method, depending on the ratio of the excitation frequency of the rotor pin to the angular velocity.
A METHOD OF RADAR STATION ALIGNMENT BASED ON REFERENCE DATA OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER LOCATION SERVICE
Authors: KHETCHIKOV D.M. , PANKOV B.B. , BULICHEV S.N. , MALKUTA A.V.
Published: July 2021

The article describes the method of adjusting a ground-based radar station based on reference information received from the quantum-optical devices of the International laser location service and provides calculated relations for processing data of alignment measurements
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS FOR TRAIN STARTING WITH ELASTIC CONNECTIONS
Authors: POPOV I.P.
Published: July 2021

The starting mode for the train is the most difficult. An effective method of pulling is the selection of coupling clearances. In this case, the cars are set in motion sequentially and the inert mass, as well as the static friction force immediately at the moment of starting, are minimal. This method has two significant drawbacks - a small fixed value of the gaps in the couplings and the shock nature of the impulse transfer. These disadvantages can be avoided by using elastically deformable couplings. The aim of this work is to construct a mathematical model of "easy" starting of a train with elastic couplings. The softening of the train start-off mode is essentially due to the replacement of the simultaneous start-off of the sections with alternate ones. To exclude longitudinal vibrations of the composition, after reaching the maximum tension of the coupling, the possibility of its harmonic compression should be mechanically blocked.
CONSTRUCTION OF TECHNOLOGY LINE OPTIMUM MAINTENANCE
Authors: NEMENKO A.V. , NIKITIN M.M.
Published: July 2021

A method for establishing controlled by external influence intervals of control and maintenance of technological line elements on the basis of monitoring their control parameters is proposed. The method uses a complex-valued transformation of a power series, which is reconstructed from a sequence of measured values to obtain the asymptotic value of the sum of the series for the corresponding parameter. A maintenance event is scheduled for the expected time when the predicted parameter value reaches one of the boundaries of its acceptable range. This event is interpreted as a failure of the corresponding element. Algorithms for predicting failure events in the near and far regions are considered, the difference between which is made in relation to the ratio of the characteristic time interval to the available interval of changes in the time series. The results obtained can be used to build an intelligent recovery system for technological lines for various purposes.
ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH OF ADJUSTABILITY OF EQUIPMENT FOR INTERNAL SMALL-SIZED THREADING
Authors: KHARCHENKO A.O. , KHARCHENKO A.A.
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of analysis and theoretical research in the direction of improving equipment for internal threading of parts in a flexible automated production. Methods for assessing the flexibility and readjustability of equipment are considered, which can be used as the basis for the developed methodology for the synthesis of technological elements of modules in conditions of computer-aided design. It is proposed to consider the technological system of the flexible manufacturing module (FMM) of threading, as a system in which transitions from state to state occur under the action of the simplest flows with the parameters of the transition probabilities of a continuous Markov chain. The developed mathematical model, which describes the states of a FMM, taking into account the readjustment of its technological elements, makes it possible to reflect the influence on the operation of the module of the parameters of applications for the changeover of processing modes, a tool, a power threading head, basic elements of a machine tool, a device, a loading device. The structure of the model and the labeled graph of the states of the system can be improved as the number of parameters and characteristics is refined. The solution of the resulting system of equations of final probabilities using the normalization condition allows for given (or experimentally obtained) intensities of arrival and service of changeover requests for FMM of threading, to obtain the values of the probability of non-changeover operation, as well as the probabilities of finding the system in an inoperative state due to the corresponding changeovers. For complete information and an objective assessment of the preferred option for use in FMS conditions, it is also necessary to take into account the stochastic processes occurring in the system under real operating conditions.