bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonpolar residues in the presumptive pore‐lining helix of mechanosensitive channel MSL10 influence channel behavior and establish a nonconducting function
Authors: Maksaev Grigory , Shoots Jennette M. , Ohri Simran , Haswell Elizabeth S.
Published: June 2018

Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels provide a universal mechanism for sensing and responding to increased membrane tension. MscS‐like (MSL) 10 is a relatively well‐studied MS ion channel from Arabidopsis thaliana that is implicated in cell death signaling. The relationship between the amino acid sequence of MSL10 and its conductance, gating tension, and opening and closing kinetics remains unstudied. Here, we identify several nonpolar residues in the presumptive pore‐lining transmembrane helix of MSL10 (TM6) that contribute to these basic channel properties. F553 and I554 are essential for wild type channel conductance and the stability of the open state. G556, a glycine residue located at a predicted kink in TM6, is essential for channel conductance. The increased tension sensitivity of MSL10 compared to close homolog MSL8 may be attributed to F563, but other channel characteristics appear to be dictated by more global differences in structure. Finally, MSL10 F553V and MSL10 G556V provided the necessary tools to establish that MSL10's ability to trigger cell death is independent of its ion channel function.
Substituent effects on the UV absorption energy of 2,5‐disubstituted pyrimidines
Authors: Yuan Hua , Li Meng‐Yang , Chen Chun‐Ni , Zhang Yan , Liu Wan‐Qiang
Published: June 2018

Pyrimidine‐containing molecules have been extensively investigated in organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), solar cells, liquid crystals, and so on due to their perfect photoelectric properties. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption is one of the interesting photoelectric properties. Systematical study of the substituent effects on the UV absorption energy of pyrimidine derivatives will guide to design functional molecules with specific photoelectric properties. In this paper, thirty‐seven 2‐X‐5‐Y pyrimidines with various substituents (X/Y=NH2, CH3, OCH3, NMe2, CF3, NO2, Cl, Br, I) were synthesized, and their UV spectra were recorded in anhydrous ethanol. The maximum absorption wavelength λmax(nm) were obtained and converted to wavenumber νmax(cm‐1) (νmax = 1/λmax) for quantitative structure‐property relationship study. Hammett parameters (σ, σF, σR), electronegativity (χ), the excited‐state substituent effect parameter (
), and the heavy atom effect indicator (D) were employed as descriptors characterizing the molecular structure. By stepwise regression, a 5‐descriptor linear regression model was built as νmax = 35 864.8122 + 6743.7901σR(X) + 8587.9937σR(Y) − 2042.7280Δσ2 + 1106.0034D(X) + 1451.8873χ(X) (R = 0.9861, S = 693.70, ARD = 1.49%, F = 218.68, Rcv = 0.9775, Scv = 881.25, ARDcv = 1.82%, n = 37). The model is proved of good stability and predictive performance by leave‐one‐out cross validation. Compared with the benzylideneaniline derivatives with C═N bridge group, the substituent effects on the UV absorption energy of 2,5‐disubstituted pyrimidines are quite different and much more complex.
Intensification of a hydrogenation catalyst activity by nanosecond pulsed discharge treatment
Authors: Delikonstantis Evangelos , Scapinello Marco , Sklari Stella D. , Stefanidis Georgios D.
Published: June 2018

In this work, we report on a Johnson Matthey‐developed palladium (Pd)‐based catalyst activity enhancement using nanosecond pulsed discharge treatment. The impact of treatment energy via pulse voltage, pulse frequency, and treatment time individual variation on acetylene‐to‐ethylene hydrogenation reaction performance is investigated. Up to 11.2% increase in C2H2 conversion is attained after plasma treatment at specific treatment energy of 5340 J gcat−1, while C2H4 selectivity remains constant. To elucidate the effect of plasma on catalyst activity, characterization with SEM, BET, CO chemisorption, ICP‐MS, and XRD is carried out. C2H2 conversion increase is due to the higher active metal surface area attained after the plasma treatment. Other than the improved Pd surface area, not significant increase in specific surface area is observed, while even at high energy inputs no catalyst destruction occurs, as neither metal losses, nor phase changes are induced during plasma treatment.
Predictors of repeated acute hospital attendance for asthma in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ardura‐Garcia Cristina , Stolbrink Marie , Zaidi Seher , Cooper Philip J. , Blakey John D.
Published: June 2018

Background

Asthma attacks are common and have significant physical, psychological, and financial consequences. Improving the assessment of a child's risk of subsequent asthma attacks could support front‐line clinicians’ decisions on augmenting chronic treatment or specialist referral. We aimed to identify predictors for emergency department (ED) or hospital readmission for asthma from the published literature.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, PsycINFO, and CINAHL with no language, location, or time restrictions. We retrieved observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing factors (personal and family history, and biomarkers) associated with the risk of ED re‐attendance or hospital readmission for acute childhood asthma.

Results

Three RCTs and 33 observational studies were included, 31 from Anglophone countries and none from Asia or Africa. There was an unclear or high risk of bias in 14 of the studies, including 2 of the RCTs. Previous history of emergency or hospital admissions for asthma, younger age, African‐American ethnicity, and low socioeconomic status increased risk of subsequent ED and hospital readmissions for acute asthma. Female sex and concomitant allergic diseases also predicted hospital readmission.

Conclusion

Despite the global importance of this issue, there are relatively few high quality studies or studies from outside North America. Factors other than symptoms are associated with the risk of emergency re‐attendance for acute asthma among children. Further research is required to better quantify the risk of future attacks and to assess the role of commonly used biomarkers.
Lung ultrasonography score versus chest X‐ray score to predict surfactant administration in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Perri Alessandro , Riccardi Riccardo , Iannotta Rossella , Di Molfetta Domenico V. , Arena Roberta , Vento Giovanni , Zecca Enrico
Published: June 2018

Objectives

We aim to verify the diagnostic accuracy of a lung ultrasonography (LUS) score to early predict the need for surfactant therapy in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and to compare it with a chest X‐ray score.

Methods

In this prospective diagnostic accuracy study we included all newborns admitted for respiratory distress and initially treated with nasal CPAP. LUS was performed within 2 h from nasal CPAP positioning and in any case before surfactant administration. A chest X‐ray was also performed. A LUS score and an X‐ray score were used and compared. Ability of the scores to predict surfactant administration was evaluated through ROC analysis.

Results

In our population of 56 newborns with mean gestational age of 31 weeks (SD 3) and mean birth weight of 1442 g (SD 520), LUS score showed higher AUC than X‐ray score in early recognition of infants with respiratory distress syndrome requiring surfactant treatment (0.94; 95%CI, 0.89‐0.98; P < 0.001 vs 0.80; 95%CI, 0.74‐0.86; P < 0.001). It showed also higher sensitivity (86% vs 82%), higher specificity (88% vs 76%), better positive (83% vs 69%), and negative (91% vs 87%) predictive values.

Conclusions

LUS is a non‐invasive, bedside and reproducible method that could improve the management of neonatal respiratory distress. It is accurate and reliable to early identify patients who will need treatment with surfactant allowing both an early treatment and a reduction of radiation exposure.
Determination of Ferro‐ and Antiferroelectricity Using the Temperature Dependence of the Pre‐Edge Features in the XANES Spectra: XANES Study of Tetragonal and Cubic ATiO3 (A = Sr, Ba, and Pb) and PbZrO3
Authors: Yoshiasa Akira , Kitahara Ginga , Tobase Tsubasa , Hiratoko Tatsuya , Hongu Hidetomo , Nakatani Tomotaka , Murai Kei‐ichiro
Published: June 2018

The Ti and Zr K‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra of ATiO3 (A = Sr, Ba, and Pb) and PbZrO3 perovskite‐type compounds have been measured in the temperature range 20–900 K. Quantitative comparison is performed in a wide temperature range to clarify how the intensities of the pre‐edge peaks and shoulders change with temperature. In the ferro‐ and antiferroelectric tetragonal phases, the intensities of some of the peaks and shoulders decrease with increasing temperature and the peak‐top energies shift to the higher energy side. The shift can be explained by the position and decrease (increase for SrTiO3) of the D2 peak in the difference spectra. The peak‐top position of the pre‐edge peak in XANES does not always represent the true energy for independent transition to an orbital because several orbitals with similar energies overlap. The tetragonal SrTiO3 phase shows the same behavior as ferroelectric P4mm tetragonal BaTiO3 and PbTiO3 perovskite. The temperature dependence of the shoulder is also an important index. The presence of a phase with local polar tetragonal strain is important in materials and the Earth's constituent solid solutions. The existence of ferro‐ and antiferroelectricity can be determined by temperature‐dependent XANES measurements.
Facile Synthesis of NaBiS2 Nanoribbons as a Promising Visible Light‐Driven Photocatalyst
Authors: Guo Jun , Ge Zhenhua , Hu Mingyu , Qin Peng , Feng Jing
Published: June 2018

NaBiS2 nanoribbons are synthesized by a facile hydrothermal process. They are first tested as visible light‐driven photocatalysts. The dimension of typical nanoribbons is 100–250 nm in width, 10 nm in thickness, and several micrometers in length. The photocatalytic measurement shows that the prepared NaBiS2 nanoribbons are effective in the degradation of the RhB solution under 300–800 nm light. The results indicate that the decomposition efficiency of NaBiS2 for RhB can reach a very high value with the assistance of H2O2, ≈95% after 60 min of irradiation.
Acute pneumonitis following breast silicone liquid injection
Authors: Soeroso Noni Novisari , Rhinsilva Ella , Soeroso Luhur
Published: June 2018

Silicone injections, although well known for their adverse effect, are still widely used around the world. Pneumonitis after an injection of silicone liquid has been reported in several patients. Silicone liquid injection is frequently administered to transgender individuals into the buttocks area but is rarely used for the breasts. We report a case of presumed pneumonitis following breast silicone liquid injection. A 36‐year‐old woman was admitted due to shortness of breath three days after silicone liquid injection. Chest X‐rays (CXR) showed bilateral alveolar patchy infiltrates. Chest computed tomography scan revealed diffuse infiltrates involving mostly peripheral lung fields (suggestive for silicone liquid injection) and multiple isodense soft‐tissue nodules in both breasts. The treatment included antibiotic and steroid administration. After being treated for a week, clinical results and the latest CXR revealed improvement compared with the previous CXR, and the patient was discharged in good condition.
A review of virtual cutting methods and technology in deformable objects
Authors: Wang Monan , Ma Yuzheng
Published: June 2018

Background

Virtual cutting of deformable objects has been a research topic for more than a decade and has been used in many areas, especially in surgery simulation.

Methods

We refer to the relevant literature and briefly describe the related research. The virtual cutting method is introduced, and we discuss the benefits and limitations of these methods and explore possible research directions.

Results

Virtual cutting is a category of object deformation. It needs to represent the deformation of models in real time as accurately, robustly and efficiently as possible. To accurately represent models, the method must be able to: (1) model objects with different material properties; (2) handle collision detection and collision response; and (3) update the geometry and topology of the deformable model that is caused by cutting.

Conclusion

Virtual cutting is widely used in surgery simulation, and research of the cutting method is important to the development of surgery simulation.
A comparative study of restricted randomization procedures for multiarm trials with equal or unequal treatment allocation ratios
Authors: Ryeznik Yevgen , Sverdlov Oleksandr
Published: June 2018

Randomization designs for multiarm clinical trials are increasingly used in practice, especially in phase II dose‐ranging studies. Many new methods have been proposed in the literature; however, there is lack of systematic, head‐to‐head comparison of the competing designs. In this paper, we systematically investigate statistical properties of various restricted randomization procedures for multiarm trials with fixed and possibly unequal allocation ratios. The design operating characteristics include measures of allocation balance, randomness of treatment assignments, variations in the allocation ratio, and statistical characteristics such as type I error rate and power. The results from the current paper should help clinical investigators select an appropriate randomization procedure for their clinical trial. We also provide a web‐based R shiny application that can be used to reproduce all results in this paper and run simulations under additional user‐defined experimental scenarios.
Highly Dispersed DPPF Locked in Knitting Hyper‐Crosslinked Polymers as Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst
Authors: Tang Cheng , Zou Zhijuan , Fu Yufang , Song Kunpeng
Published: June 2018

In this study, a novel catalytic system based on the hyper‐cross‐linked 1,1′‐Bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene (HCP‐DPPF) is prepared for effectively removing Cr (VI) from water. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were employed for the characterization of the catalyst. The surface area of HCP‐DPPF can reach 349.7 m2g−1 and the SEM mapping shows that Fe has a good dispersion on the surface of polymer materials. The resulting HCP‐DPPF exhibited remarkable catalytic activity and excellent durability for the Cr (VI) removal and reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) to 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP) in an aqueous solution. It could reach nearly 100% conversions within several minutes, even when the amount of the catalyst was used as low as 3 mg. Moreover, the HCP‐DPPF can be reused 14 times and still retain high conversion efficiency over 92%. The results illustrate in situ immobilization of DPPF onto hyper‐cross‐linked polymers which improve the stability and electron transfer of the catalyst, while enhancing the activity of HCP‐DPPF toward Cr (VI) removal and reduction of 4‐NP.
Colloidal Gradated Alloyed (Cu)ZnInS/ZnS Core/Shell Nanocrystals with Tunable Optical Properties for Live Cell Optical Imaging
Authors: Selvaraj Joicy , Mahesh Arun , Baskaralingam Vaseeharan , Dhayalan Arunkumar , Paramasivam Thangadurai
Published: June 2018

In this work, Cd‐free, oleophilic (Cu)ZnInS(core)−ZnS(shell) core/shell quantum dots (QDs) with varying Cu content in the core and shell thickness were synthesized by heating‐up method (core) followed by hot‐injection route (shell). Effect of Cu ion doping (in core) and shell growth on the structural and optical properties of (Cu)ZnInS−ZnS core/shell QDs is reported. Incorporation of Cu ions causes the crystalline phase transformation of zinc blende ZnInS ternary alloy to wurtzite Cu−Zn−In−S quaternary alloy. The (Cu)ZnInS alloyed core QDs are encapsulated with a wider bandgap ZnS shell with gradient interface. The photoluminescence of (Cu)ZnInS core QDs exhibits wide tunable multicolor emissions from green (535 nm) to deep red (683 nm) with large Stokes shift. After the growth of ZnS layer, the PL peak position and absorption edge undergo a hypsochromic shift with enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield up to 47.31%, which is due to the partial cation exchange of Cu+ and In3+ with Zn2+, yielding a graded core/shell structure with smooth potential interface. The radiative excited state lifetime is lengthened from 22.91 ns to 291.11 ns. The mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) functionalized QDs have been successfully used for in vitro fluorescence cellular imaging of HEK‐293 and HeLa cells. These QDs are cell permeable and suitable for visible light induced multicolor fluorescence‐based cellular imaging.
Aqueous Suzuki‐Miyaura Reaction with 0.6 Equiv. of Base: Green and Efficient Access to Biaryls and Unsymmetrical Terphenyls
Authors: Li Xinmin , Teng Yong , Feng Fangfang , Hu Qinghong , Yuan Zeli
Published: June 2018

A ligand‐free palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura reaction in water with 0.6 equiv. of base is described. This method enables the preparation of a variety of biaryls in high yields. Additionally, using bromo‐N‐methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) boronates as building block, one‐pot double Suzuki–Miyaura reaction has been achieved by controlling the amount of base, and various unsymmetrical terphenyls were prepared in moderate to good yields.
Expeditious Conversion of Iodoallenes to Iodoenals Mediated by Sodium Azide and Iodine
Authors: Tiwari Vibha , Singh Anand
Published: June 2018

This manuscript describes a mechanistically novel method to generate α‐iodo α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes from iodoallenes. Sodium azide and iodine work in concert to effect this addition‐rearrangement‐elimination cascade under mild conditions without the generation of the explosive IN3 reagent. This transition‐metal‐free method offers an operationally simple protocol to achieve this transformation expeditiously.
A step‐by‐step guide to sonographic evaluation of deep infiltrating endometriosis
Authors: Fang Jing , Piessens Sofie
Published: June 2018

An estimated 5–10% of the general female population is affected by endometriosis, with an even higher prevalence among women with infertility or significant symptoms of endometriosis. Transvaginal ultrasound has been shown to be an accurate and reliable diagnostic tool in detecting ovarian endometrioma and deep infiltrating endometriosis. An accurate ultrasound diagnosis, which describes and documents the location and extent of endometriosis, improves patient care by allowing better preoperative surgical planning. This paper provides practical and illustrated guidance on how to perform a multistep sonographic evaluation of deep infiltrating endometriosis with key reference made to the International Deep Endometriosis Analysis consensus paper published in 2016. A comprehensive sonographic evaluation of endometriosis requires imaging beyond the traditional pelvic ultrasound boundaries. This means extending the assessment into the posterior and anterior pelvic compartments to evaluate structural mobility and look for deep infiltrating endometriotic nodules noting the size, location and distance from the anus if applicable. Sonographers are encouraged to incorporate this multistep endometriosis assessment into their routine pelvic scans. An improvement in sonographic detection of deep infiltrating endometriosis will not only significantly reduce the number of diagnostic laparoscopies, it will guide patient management and enhance patients' quality of life.
Re: Addition of N‐terminal pro‐B natriuretic peptide to soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1/placental growth factor ratio > 38 improves prediction of pre‐eclampsia requiring delivery within 1 week: a longitudinal cohort study. E. Sabriá, P. Lequerica‐Fernández, P. Lafuente‐Ganuza, E. Eguia‐Ángeles, A. I. Escudero, E. Martínez‐Morillo, C. Barceló and F. V. Álvarez. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 51: 758–767.
Authors: Verlohren S.
Published: June 2018

Linked Comment: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 51: 758–767
Integrability in heavy quark effective theory
Authors: Braun Vladimir M. , Ji Yao , Manashov Alexander N.
Published: June 2018

Abstract

It was found that renormalization group equations in the heavy-quark effective theory (HQET) for the operators involving one effective heavy quark and light degrees of freedom are completely integrable in some cases and are related to spin chain models with the Hamiltonian commuting with the nondiagonal entry C(u) of the monodromy matrix. In this work we provide a more complete mathematical treatment of such spin chains in the QISM framework. We also discuss the relation of integrable models that appear in the HQET context with the large-spin limit of integrable models in QCD with light quarks. We find that the conserved charges and the “ground state” wave functions in HQET models can be obtained from the light-quark counterparts in a certain scaling limit.
The Predictors of Microscopic Vessel Invasion Differ Between Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma with a Treatment History
Authors: Okamura Yukiyasu , Sugiura Teiichi , Ito Takaaki , Yamamoto Yusuke , Ashida Ryo , Aramaki Takeshi , Uesaka Katsuhiko
Published: June 2018

Background and aim

Previous studies have shown that microscopic vessel invasion (MVI) occurs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a treatment history due to its poorer malignant behavior in comparison with primary HCC. The aim of the present study was to determine the predictors of MVI and overall survival in HCC patients with a treatment history.

Methods

This retrospective study included 580 patients who underwent hepatectomy and whose preoperative imaging showed no evidence of macroscopic vessel invasion. The patients were classified into two groups: primary HCC (n = 425) and HCC with a treatment history (n = 155). MVI was defined as the presence of either microscopic portal vein invasion or venous invasion, which was invisible on preoperative imaging.

Results

MVI was identified in 34 (21.9%) patients with a treatment history. A multivariate analysis showed that a high des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin (odds ratio [OR] 5.16, P = 0.002) and a large tumor diameter (OR 2.57, P = 0.030) were the significant predictor of MVI in HCC with a treatment history. Moreover, the presence of MVI (hazard ratio [HR] 2.27, P = 0.001) and tumor diameter >27 mm (HR 2.04, P = 0.006) remained significant predictors of the overall survival in HCC with a treatment history. The tumor diameter cutoff value for predicting MVI (27 mm) in HCC with a treatment history was smaller than in primary HCC (37 mm).

Conclusions

The presence of MVI was a significant predictor in the HCC patients with a treatment history. The tumor diameter is an important factor that can be used to predict the presence of MVI, especially in HCC with a treatment history.
Inferring transient dynamics of human populations from matrix non‐normality
Authors: Nicol‐Harper Alex , Dooley Claire , Packman David , Mueller Markus , Bijak Jakub , Hodgson David , Townley Stuart , Ezard Thomas
Published: June 2018

In our increasingly unstable and unpredictable world, population dynamics rarely settle uniformly to long‐term behaviour. However, projecting period‐by‐period through the preceding fluctuations is more data‐intensive and analytically involved than evaluating at equilibrium. To efficiently model populations and best inform policy, we require pragmatic suggestions as to when it is necessary to incorporate short‐term transient dynamics and their effect on eventual projected population size. To estimate this need for matrix population modelling, we adopt a linear algebraic quantity known as non‐normality. Matrix non‐normality is distinct from normality in the Gaussian sense, and indicates the amplificatory potential of the population projection matrix given a particular population vector. In this paper, we compare and contrast three well‐regarded metrics of non‐normality, which were calculated for over 1000 age‐structured human population projection matrices from 42 European countries in the period 1960 to 2014. Non‐normality increased over time, mirroring the indices of transient dynamics that peaked around the millennium. By standardising the matrices to focus on transient dynamics and not changes in the asymptotic growth rate, we show that the damping ratio is an uninformative predictor of whether a population is prone to transient booms or busts in its size. These analyses suggest that population ecology approaches to inferring transient dynamics have too often relied on suboptimal analytical tools focussed on an initial population vector rather than the capacity of the life cycle to amplify or dampen transient fluctuations. Finally, we introduce the engineering technique of pseudospectra analysis to population ecology, which, like matrix non‐normality, provides a more complete description of the transient fluctuations than the damping ratio. Pseudospectra analysis could further support non‐normality assessment to enable a greater understanding of when we might expect transient phases to impact eventual population dynamics.
Patient Satisfaction after Total Knee Replacement: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kahlenberg Cynthia A. , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , McLawhorn Alexander S. , Cross Michael B. , Cornell Charles N. , Padgett Douglas E.
Published: June 2018

Background:

The quality and state of satisfaction reporting after total knee replacement (TKR) is variable.

Questions/Purposes:

The purposes of this systematic review were (1) to examine the available literature on patient satisfaction after TKR, (2) to evaluate the quality of available evidence, and (3) to identify predictors of patient satisfaction after TKR.

Methods:

A systematic review of the MEDLINE database was performed. The initial search yielded 1219 studies. The inclusion criteria were English language, clinical outcome study with primary outcome related to TKR for osteoarthritis, and patient-reported satisfaction included as an outcome measure. Studies were assessed for demographics, methodology for reporting satisfaction, and factors influencing satisfaction.

Results:

Two hundred eight studies, including 95, 560 patients who had undergone TKR, met all inclusion and exclusion criteria; 112 (53.8%) of these studies were published in the past 3 years. Satisfaction was most commonly measured using an ordinal scale. Twenty-seven studies (13%) used a validated satisfaction survey. Eighty-three percent of studies reported more than 80% satisfaction. The most commonly reported predictor of satisfaction was post-operative patient-reported functional outcome. Pre-operative anxiety/depression was the most common pre-operative predictor of dissatisfaction.

Conclusion:

There are numerous studies reporting patient satisfaction after TKR, and publication on the topic has been increasing over the past decade. However, the majority of studies represent lower levels of evidence and use heterogeneous methods for measuring satisfaction, and few studies use validated satisfaction instruments. In general, the majority of studies report satisfaction rates ranging from 80 to 100%, with post-operative functional outcome and relief of pain being paramount determinants for achieving satisfaction.
The Association Between Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor Use and Risk of Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Bing , Zhu Linxin , Zhong Jingxiang , Zeng Guohua , Deng Tuo
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) are first-line drugs for erectile dysfunction. Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) has been linked with PDE5-I use. However, no meta-analysis or conclusive review has explored the association between NAION and PDE5-I use.

Aim

To investigate the association between PDE5-I use and risk of NAION.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using online databases in October 2017 to obtain studies researching the association between PDE5-I application and occurrence of NAION. Summarized unadjusted risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs were calculated for the strength of this association. This study was conducted in accordance to Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines and registered in PROSPERO under number CRD42017080865.

Main Outcome Measures

The strength of association between PDE5-I use and risk of NAION was assessed through pooled unadjusted RRs and 95% CIs.

Results

5 original articles with 6 clinical observations were included in the meta-analysis. No significant higher risk of NAION was observed after the use of PDE5-Is within a 1-month period (RR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.98-1.39, P = .09). Subgroup analyses indicated 2 PDE5-Is were significantly related to NAION (tadalafil: RR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.20–3.84, P = .01; sildenafil: RR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.29–3.94, P = .004).

Conclusions

Although we found no association between NAION and PDE5-I use, our results should be interpreted cautiously because we included only observational studies and could not control for potential confounders. Because NAION is a rare ocular disease and difficult to diagnose, this association should be confirmed in prospective comparative studies with larger samples and more rigorous designs.
Rear Tip Extenders and Penile Prosthesis Rigidity: A Laboratory Study of Coloplast Prostheses
Authors: Thirumavalavan Nannan , Cordon Billy H. , Gross Martin S. , Taylor Jeffrey , Eid Jean-Francois
Published: June 2018

Background

Rear tip extenders (RTEs) are used commonly in penile prostheses, but their effect on erectile rigidity has not been extensively studied.

Aim

To determine whether RTEs affect erectile rigidity in inflatable penile prostheses and determine what length of RTE should be used for a given corporal length—in this case, 22 cm.

Methods

To assess the effect of RTEs on erectile rigidity, we created a penile model simulating 2 corpora cavernosa that accommodated cylinders of varying lengths. Once the cylinders were inflated, a 200-g weight was then uniformly placed on the tip of the cylinders and deflection was measured using a ruler. Measurements were repeated for varying cylinder/RTE lengths to total 22 cm of overall corporal length.

Outcomes

Differences in rigidity and angular deflection based on RTE length were assessed.

Results

Increasing the length of RTEs increased the deflection in our model, indicative of decreased axial rigidity.

Clinical translations

The current work implies that having additional RTEs may decrease penile rigidity and in turn, patient satisfaction.

Strengths and limitations

Though assessing effect of RTEs on erectile rigidity is novel, the exact ability of our model to predict in-vivo behavior is unknown.

Conclusion

An inflatable penile prosthesis represents a heterogeneous beam given that it is composed of a non-inflatable rear combined to an inflatable cylinder. In this model greater bending deflection was associated with more RTE length. Greater RTE length decreases the size of the inflatable device that can be implanted. The erect penis is subject to axial stress and bending deflection. Though further work is needed, these data support the notion that maximizing inflatable length by minimizing RTEs will improve overall erectile rigidity dynamics.
Clinical adverse events in prehospital patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction transported to a percutaneous coronary intervention centre by basic life support paramedics in a rural region
Authors: Bussières Sylvain , Bégin François , Leblanc Pierre-Alexandre , Tanguay Alain , Paradis Jean-Michel , Hébert Denise , Fleet Richard
Published: June 2018

CLINICIAN’S CAPSULE

What is known about the topic?

ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients transported by ambulance are at risk for adverse events.

What did this study ask?

What is the impact of transport time on the occurrence of adverse events in the presence of basic life support paramedics?

What did this study find?

Transport time is not associated with a higher risk of adverse events.

Why does this study matter to clinicians?

Largest investigation of adverse events in a Canadian cohort of STEMI patients transported by ambulance.
Measurement and analysis of K-shell lines of silicon ions in laser plasmas
Authors: Han Bo , Wang Feilu , Zhong Jiayong , Liang Guiyun , Wei Huigang , Yuan Dawei , Zhu Baojun , Li Fang , Liu Chang , Li Yanfei , Zhao Jiarui , Zhang Zhe , Wang Chen , Xiong Jun , Jia Guo , Hua Neng , Zhu Jianqiang , Li Yutong , Zhao Gang , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2018

We present laboratory measurement and theoretical analysis of silicon K-shell lines in plasmas produced by Shenguang II laser facility, and discuss the application of line ratios to diagnose the electron density and temperature of laser plasmas. Two types of shots were carried out to interpret silicon plasma spectra under two conditions, and the spectra from 6.6 Å to 6.85 Å were measured. The radiative-collisional code based on the flexible atomic code (RCF) is used to identify the lines, and it also well simulates the experimental spectra. Satellite lines, which are populated by dielectron capture and large radiative decay rate, influence the spectrum profile significantly. Because of the blending of lines, the traditional $G$ value and $R$ value are not applicable in diagnosing electron temperature and density of plasma. We take the contribution of satellite lines into the calculation of line ratios of He-$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ lines, and discuss their relations with the electron temperature and density.
Intra-cycle depolarization of ultraintense laser pulses focused by off-axis parabolic mirrors
Authors: Labate Luca , Vantaggiato Gianluca , Gizzi Leonida A.
Published: June 2018

A study of the structure of the electric and magnetic fields of ultraintense laser pulses focused by an off-axis parabolic mirror is reported. At first, a theoretical model is laid out, whose final equations integration allows the space and time structure of the fields to be retrieved. The model is then employed to investigate the field patterns at different times within the optical cycle, for off-axis parabola parameters normally employed in the context of ultraintense laser–plasma interaction experiments. The results show that nontrivial, complex electromagnetic field patterns are observed at the time at which the electric and magnetic fields are supposed to vanish. The importance of this effect is then studied for different laser polarizations, $f$ numbers and off-axis angles.
A hydrodynamic analysis of self-similar radiative ablation flows
Authors: Clarisse J.-M. , Pfister J.-L. , Gauthier S. , Boudesocque-Dubois C.
Published: June 2018

Self-similar solutions to the compressible Euler equations with nonlinear conduction are considered as particular instances of unsteady radiative deflagration – or ‘ablation’ – waves with the goal of characterizing the actual hydrodynamic properties that such flows may present. The chosen family of solutions, corresponding to the ablation of an initially quiescent perfectly cold and homogeneous semi-infinite slab of inviscid compressible gas under the action of increasing external pressures and radiation fluxes, is well suited to the description of the early ablation of a target by gas-filled cavity X-rays in experiments of high energy density physics. These solutions are presently computed by means of a highly accurate numerical method for the radiative conduction model of a fully ionized plasma under the approximation of a non-isothermal leading shock wave. The resulting set of solutions is unique for its high fidelity description of the flows down to their finest scales and its extensive exploration of external pressure and radiative flux ranges. Two different dimensionless formulations of the equations of motion are put forth, yielding two classifications of these solutions which are used for carrying out a quantitative hydrodynamic analysis of the corresponding flows. Based on the main flow characteristic lengths and on standard characteristic numbers (Mach, Péclet, stratification and Froude numbers), this analysis points out the compressibility and inhomogeneity of the present ablative waves. This compressibility is further analysed to be too high, whether in terms of flow speed or stratification, for the low Mach number approximation, often used in hydrodynamic stability analyses of ablation fronts in inertial confinement fusion (ICF), to be relevant for describing these waves, and more specifically those with fast expansions which are of interest in ICF. Temperature stratification is also shown to induce, through the nonlinear conductivity, supersonic upstream propagation of heat-flux waves, besides a modified propagation of quasi-isothermal acoustic waves, in the flow conduction regions. This description significantly departs from the commonly admitted depiction of a quasi-isothermal conduction region where wave propagation is exclusively ascribed to isothermal acoustics and temperature fluctuations are only diffused.
Unsteady wave pattern generation by water striders
Authors: Steinmann Thomas , Arutkin Maxence , Cochard Précillia , Raphaël Elie , Casas Jérôme , Benzaquen Michael
Published: June 2018

We perform an experimental and theoretical study of the wave pattern generated by the leg strokes of water striders during a propulsion cycle. Using the synthetic schlieren method, we are able to measure the dynamic response of the free surface accurately. In order to match experimental conditions, we extend Bühler’s theory of impulsive forcing (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 573, 2007, pp. 211–236) to finite depth. We demonstrate the improved ability of this approach to reproduce the experimental findings, once the observed continuous forcing and hence non-zero temporal and spatial extent of the leg strokes is also taken into account.
High-Resolution Dating of a Medieval Multiple Grave
Authors: Rose Helene Agerskov , Meadows John , Bjerregaard Mikael
Published: June 2018

Multiple burial in medieval burial grounds are often interpreted as a result of disease, but it is difficult to test such hypotheses, as most acute infectious diseases leave no visible evidence on skeletal material. Scientific dating can potentially associate multiple burials with historically documented epidemics, but the precision required to exclude alternative explanations would normally be attainable only by dendrochronology. Here, we argue that by combining archaeological, osteological and paleodiet research in a Bayesian framework, we can exploit differences in dietary reservoir effects to refine the dates of multiple burials, and potentially date such events to within a range of <20 years. We present new radiocarbon (14C) and stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N) results from a medieval multiple grave at St Alban’s Odense, on the island of Funen in central Denmark. We show the ca. 150-yr spread in14C ages of the five juveniles is compatible with differences in the amount of fish they consumed. Our chronological model, which combines marine reservoir effect correction with calendar age offsets based on osteological evidence, dates the multiple burial tocal AD 1425–1445(95% probability), an interval in which two plague epidemics took place in Denmark.
REPUBLIC 585B–D: ARGUMENT AND TEXT
Authors: Aufderheide Joachim
Published: June 2018

The so-called ‘Olympian’ proof in Plato's Republic contains one of the first explicit distinctions between the nature of intellectual and bodily pleasures. The argument for the superiority of the former rests on a) identifying pleasure and pain with certain kinds of filling and emptying (583b1–585a7), and b) differentiating between bodily and intellectual pleasures according to the kind of filling:

(i)

Bodily depletions differ from depletions of the soul in the kind of lack and, accordingly, in the kind of thing that fills the lack: hunger and thirst are bodily lacks which food and drink can cure, whereas ignorance and folly are cured by intelligence (585a8–b8).

Thus, (ii), the kind of lack (belonging to the soul vs belonging to the body), together with the kind of filler (‘food’ for the soul vs food for the body), and derivatively the method of filling (eating vs learning) determine the kind of filling.

(iii)

Kinds of filling differ in truth: filling A is truer than filling B if and only if the kind of fillers used in A are more than the kind of fillers used in B and the kind of thing filled via A is more than the kind of thing filled via B (cf. 585d7–10).

(iv)

Fillers of the soul are more than bodily fillers (585b11–d4).

(v)

The soul is more than the body (585d5–6).

Therefore, (vi), filling of the soul is truer than bodily filling, that is, filling of the soul is more really a filling (585d7–10).
VOICE, ORALITY, AND THE PERFORMANCE OF POLITICAL COUNSEL IN EARLY MODERN SPAIN
Authors: MARTÍNEZ BERMEJO SAÚL
Published: June 2018

Orality had an important role in many aspects of early modern experience, and political institutions and counsel are no exceptions. Conversational manners, voice, style of speech, wit, and erudition were all key elements in counselling and for the self-representation of counsellors. Moreover, oral communication was crucial at court and contemporaries aimed to influence and control the distribution of such information to different ends. Scholars have extensively used documentation produced by councils as the basis for minute recreations of political events and administrative changes, but the oral practices of counsel have been largely ignored. This article examines the orality of Habsburg councils and focuses on actual modes of performing counsel. In particular, it reconstructs the complex process of production of written documentation as part of a broader communicative flow and aims to show that notions of style and voice affected the ways in which councils were perceived as instruments for government. Finally, it analyses how conversations were regulated, obstructed, or manipulated and the value attributed to voting procedures, consensus, and dissent within an aristocratic and hierarchical notion of council.
Roman Anglesey: Recent Discoveries
Authors: Hopewell David
Published: June 2018

A series of projects by Gwynedd Archaeological Trust has identified two significant sites on the island of Anglesey. The first is a trading settlement on the shore of the Menai Strait which provides evidence for a hitherto unknown level of Romanisation in the remote west of the province. The second is a late first- to early second-century fortlet on the northern coast of the island that probably functioned as both a navigational aid and a point of strength at a landing place. The presence of a fourth-century watchtower on Carmel Head was also confirmed by excavation and its role in the late Roman coastal defence system is considered.
Factors associated with poor satisfaction with treatment and trial discontinuation in chronic schizophrenia
Authors: Schoemaker Joep H. , Vingerhoets Ad J.J.M. , Emsley Robin A.
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Despite consistently high discontinuation rates due to withdrawal of consent (WOC) and insufficient therapeutic effect (ITE) in schizophrenia trials, insight into the underlying factors contributing to poor satisfaction with treatment and dropout is limited. A better understanding of these factors could help to improve trial design and completion rates.

Methods

Using data from 1,136 trial participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, we explored associations between predictor variables with (1) dropout due to WOC and ITE and (2) satisfaction with treatment among patients and investigators by means of hierarchic multiple regression analyses.

Results

ITE was associated with poor clinical improvement, poor investigator satisfaction with treatment, and poor patient insight into their own disease, whereas WOC only showed a meaningful association with poor patient satisfaction with treatment. Investigator satisfaction with treatment appeared most strongly associated with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive factor endpoint scores, whereas patient satisfaction with treatment was best predicted by the endpoint score on the PANSS emotional distress factor. The occurrence of severe side effects showed no meaningful association to satisfaction with treatment among investigators and patients, and neither did a patient’s experienced psychopathology, nor their self-rating of functional impairment.

Conclusions

Whereas trial discontinuation due to ITE is associated with poor treatment effectiveness, a patient’s decision to withdraw from an antipsychotic trial remains unpredictable and may occur even when the investigator observes a global clinical improvement and is satisfied with the treatment.
The Midlatitude Trough and the Plasmapause in the Nighttime Ionosphere Simultaneously Observed by DEMETER During 2006–2009
Authors: Chen C. Y. , Liu Tiger J. Y. , Lee I. T. , Rothkaehl H. , Przepiorka D. , Chang Loren C. , Matyjasiak B. , Ryu K. , Oyama K.‐I.
Published: June 2018

This paper concurrently investigates the midlatitude trough and the plasmapause positions in the ionosphere by colocated measurements of the electron density, electron temperature, and whistler count probed by DEMETER (Detection of Electro‐Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions) satellite in the nighttime at 2230 LT (local time; 1900–0100 MLT, magnetic local time, mainly in the premidnight period) during the 4‐year period of 2006–2009. More than 13,000 Detection of Electro‐Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions orbits of the electron density and the electron temperature are used to search the trough position, while the same amount of the whistler count is employed to determine the plasmapause position at the satellite altitude. The plasmapause is more sensitive to solar activity, which moves equatorward 1.0–1.2° form the low to high solar activity of the study period. On the other hand, the midlatitude trough is more sensitive to seasonal variation, which shifts poleward 1.7–2.5° from the winter to summer month in the study period. The midlatitude trough usually appears in the poleward side of the plasmapause during the study period. Both of the midlatitude trough and the plasmapause move equatorward during the magnetic disturbed condition. For the magnetic disturbed Kp ≥ 6−, the midlatitude trough can appear in the equatorward side of the plasmapause.
Shear Wave Tomography Beneath the United States Using a Joint Inversion of Surface and Body Waves
Authors: Golos E. M. , Fang H. , Yao H. , Zhang H. , Burdick S. , Vernon F. , Schaeffer A. , Lebedev S. , van der Hilst R. D.
Published: June 2018

Resolving both crustal and shallow‐mantle heterogeneity, which is needed to study processes in and fluxes between crust and mantle, is still a challenge for seismic tomography. Body wave data can constrain deep features but often produce vertical smearing in the crust and upper mantle; in contrast, surface wave data can provide good vertical resolution of lithospheric structure but may lack lateral resolution and are less sensitive to the deeper Earth. These two data types are usually treated and inverted separately, and tomographic models therefore do not, in general, benefit from the complementary nature of sampling by body and surface waves. As a pragmatic alternative to full waveform inversions, we formulate linear equations for teleseismic S wave traveltimes and surface wave phase velocities and solve them simultaneously for variations in shear wave speed anomalies in the crust and upper mantle. We apply this technique to data from USArray and permanent seismic networks and present a model of seismic shear wave speed anomalies beneath the continental United States. Our joint model fits the individual data sets almost as well as separate inversions but provides a better explanation of the combined data set. It is generally consistent with previous models but shows improvements over both body wave‐only and surface wave‐only tomography and can lead to refinements in interpretation of features on the scale of the lithosphere and mantle transition zone.