bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise dos serviços ecossistêmicos em reservatórios da Região Nordeste Semiárida do Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Alisson Medeiros de
Published: November 2021

Historicamente, os reservatórios hídricos representam uma importante estratégia para a permanência de uma sociedade ou povo, em determinado local. Além disso, estes são responsáveis por prover diversos benefícios à sociedade, conhecidos como serviços ecossistêmicos. Nesse contexto, a construção destes reservatórios trata-se de uma importante política pública para o semiárido brasileiro, sendo peça chave para a permanência da sociedade nessa região. A pesquisa em questão tem o intuito de discutir a importância dos reservatórios artificiais, no tocante aos diversos serviços ecossistêmicos prestados por estes. A identificação destes serviços foi realizada, mostrando a importância destes. Em seguida, foi realizada a identificação destes serviços, visando a importância e valorização destes, e posteriormente utilizou-se o quadro DPSIR, como forma de evidenciar a importância destes reservatórios, possibilitando também uma análise os serviços prestados. Concluiu-se que diversos serviços são oferecidos, como abastecimento de água e apreciação da paisagem. Alguns dos serviços de regulação necessitam de análise mais detalhada, como a polinização, para a agricultura tradicional praticada pelos moradores do semiárido.
Geoprocessamento e Sensoriamento remoto aplicados no levantamento e mapeamento da degradação vegetal entre 1987 e 2010 no município de Iati-PE
Authors: Alexandre Fernando da Silva
Published: November 2021

Com a demanda global de recursos naturais para os mais diversos fins, ficou evidente a necessidade de se ter um planejamento prévio para a sua retirada, para que assim o meio não seja alterado de forma drástica, e um dos principais reguladores desse meio é a vegetação, que desempenha grande papel na hidrologia, geologia, geomorfologia, pedologia e climatologia. Para tanto é de grande importância que se faça um estudo da mesma, analisando as mudanças ocorridas, seja pela ação humana ou natural. Este trabalho visa mapear a degradação da vegetação no município de Iati-PE nos anos de 1987, 1994, 2000, 2004 e 2010, utilizando-se do Geoprocessamento e do Sensoriamento remoto para obter resultados mais fidedignos.
Recent Efforts in the Discovery of Urease Inhibitor Identifications
Authors: Song Wan-Qing , Liu Mei-Ling , Li Su-Ya , Xiao Zhu-Ping
Published: November 2021

Urease is an attractive drug target for designing anti-infective agents against pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, Proteus mirabilis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. In the past century, hundreds of medicinal chemists focused their efforts on explorations of urease inhibitors. Despite the FDA’s approval of acetohydroxamic acid as a urease inhibitor for the treatment of struvite nephro-lithiasis and the widespread use of N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide as a soil urease inhibitor as nitrogen fertilizer synergists in agriculture, urease inhibitors with high potency and safety are urgently needed. Exploration of novel urease inhibitors has therefore become a hot research topic recently. Herein, inhibitors identified worldwide from 2016 to 2021 have been reviewed. They structurally belong to more than 20 classes of compounds such as urea/thioure analogues, hydroxamic acids, sul-fonamides, metal complexes, and triazoles. Some inhibitors showed excellent potency with IC50 val-ues lower than 10 nM, having 10000-fold higher potency than the positive control thiourea.
The Effects of Clinical Factors and Neonatal Morbidities on Hearing Screening among Neonatal Admissions
Authors: Nuseir Amjad , Zaitoun Maha , Albalas Hasan , Alomari Ahmad , Khasawneh Waseem , Khamees Almu'tasim
Published: November 2021

Background:

Hearing loss is an important disorder affecting newborns admitted to
NICU. A national hearing screening program using otoacoustic emission testing is an essential tool
to identify hearing loss early in neonates, enabling early intervention to avoid further challenges of
pediatric deafness. On the other hand, a delay of the auditory pathway maturation in preterm babies
compared to term newborns has already been suggested in the literature. Taking this information into
account, in this paper, we aim to identify the best time to perform NICU infant hearing screening
tests.

Objectives:

We aim to study the clinical factors and neonatal morbidities that may affect neonatal
hearing screening results using otoacoustic emission test in order to decrease the false-positive test
results that increase parental anxiety and increase the need for subsequent investigations.

Methods:

This is a prospective cross-sectional study that included 204 infants who were admitted
to a tertiary referral hospital NICU unit between September 2017 and May 2018. Both transients
evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE)
screening tests were performed in order to screen hearing loss.

Results:

Our study included 204 infants, 52.9 % of which were males and 47.1 % females. There
were correlations between both hyperbilirubinemia and ventilation ≥ 5 days and the failure rate of
the first OAE test results among NICU infants where the P-values were (p=0.0133) and
(p=0.0456), respectively. Moreover, 165 babies (80.9 %) passed the first OAE with a mean birth
weight of 2759 gram and mean maternal age of 30.6 years, while 39 babies (19.1 %) failed the test
with a mean birth weight of 2436 gram and a mean maternal age of 32 years. There was no statistically
significant relation between both maternal age and birth weight with failure of the first screening
test.

Conclusion:

Our study suggests a higher failure rate of the first OAE in NICU infants who had hyperbilirubinemia
or ventilation ≥ 5 days. Therefore, our recommendation is to postpone the first
phase of hearing screening for those infants until the first scheduled vaccine appointment to
achieve high compliance to attendance and decrease distress to the family that can be associated
with false-negative results of the test.
Pediatrics for Disability: A Comprehensive Approach to Children with
Syndromic Psychomotor Delay
Authors: Tarani Luigi , Rasio Debora , Tarani Francesca , Parlapiano Giovanni , Valentini Diletta , Dylag Katarzyna Anna , Spalice Alberto , Paparella Roberto , Fiore Marco
Published: November 2021

:

Intellectual disability is the impairment of cognitive, linguistic, motor and social skills
that occurs in the pediatric age and is also described by the term “mental retardation”. Intellectual
disability occurs in 3-28 % of the general population due to a genetic cause, including chromosome
aberrations. Among people with intellectual disabilities, the cause of the disability was identified
as a single gene disorder in up to 12 %, multifactorial disorders in up to 4 %, and genetic disorders
in up to 8.5 %. Children affected by a malformation syndrome associated with mental retardation
or intellectual disability represent a care challenge for the pediatrician. A multidisciplinary team is
essential to manage the patient, thereby controlling the complications of the syndrome and promoting
the correct psychophysical development. This requires continuous follow-up of these children
by the pediatrician, which is essential for both the clinical management of the syndrome and facilitating
the social integration of these children.
Peran E-Government dalam Membangun Society 5.0: Tinjauan Konseptual terhadap Aspek Keberlanjutan Ekonomi, Sosial, dan Lingkungan
Authors: Sugiono Shiddiq
Published: November 2021

Lembaga pemerintah perlu beradaptasi dengan berbagai teknologi yang berkembang pada Revolusi Industri 4.0. Tidak hanya dalam aspek teknis, namun aspek sosial dari pemanfaatan teknologi harus dapat dimunculkan sehingga mampu meningkatkan kualitas hidup manusia yang berkelanjutan. Society 5.0 hadir sebagai konsep yang dinilai mampu memunculkan sisi humanis dari penggunaan teknologi pada Revolusi Industri 4.0. E-government dinilai memiliki relevansi dengan society 5.0 dimana pemanfaatan teknologi ditujukan untuk kemaslahatan warga negara. Penelitian konseptual ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai peran e-government dalam mendukung terciptanya society 5.0 melalui aspek keberlanjutan ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data penelitian adalah tinjauan literatur dan teknik analisis data melalui pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa e-government mampu mendukung keberlanjutan baik dari aspek ekonomi, sosial maupun lingkungan. Dari aspek ekonomi, e-government memunculkan efektivitas dan efisiensi terhadap kinerja organisasi sehingga suatu pekerjaan yang bervolume besar dapat dilakukan secara cepat dengan menggunakan sumber daya yang seminimal mungkin. Adapun dari aspek sosial memungkinkan publik memiliki akses yang sama untuk mendapatkan layanan publik yang berkualitas. Dari aspek lingkungan, e-government dinilai mampu untuk mendukung berbagai program yang berkaitan dengan pelestarian lingkungan. Kerangka konseptual turut dibangun untuk memberikan abstraksi mengenai peran e-government dalam mendukung society 5.0.
Histological and Morphometric Changes in the Femoral Nerve During Lateral Interbody Fusion of the Lumbar Spine: Experimental Study
Authors: Varsegova Tatiana N. , Diuriagina Olga V. , Antonov Nikolai I. , Ryabykh Sergey O.
Published: November 2021

Background. Neuropathies of the lumbar plexus trunks, in particular those of the femoral nerve, are the most common complications of lateral interbody fusion of the lumbar spine. Modeling of this surgical intervention in normal animals experimentally makes it possible to assess the degree of its trauma to the nervous structures, and to understand what is the reason for the persistence or aggravation of neurological symptoms iatrogenic injuries or the existing pathology progression. Purpose to study histological and morphometric changes in the femoral nerve in the long-term periods after the lateral interbody fusion modeling of the canine lumbar spine. Study design an experimental prospective continuous uncontrolled study. Materials and Methods. Discectomy via lateral approach was performed in 18 mongrel dogs (aged 2-3 years, mass 13.2-17.6 kg) at the level of L4-5 и L5-6, interbody titanium implants were mounted, the lumbar spine was stabilized with a wire device for external fixation within 30 days. Clinical and neurological evaluation was performed, as well as histological investigation of the femoral nerves from the side of surgical approach. Results. In the early postoperative period a temporary decrease in the femoral nerve function was observed, which was manifested by the disorder of the support function and muscle weakness of the pelvic limbs, decrease in the knee reflex, the foot support shift to the metatarsal pad. Later, until the end of the study (18 months), the general condition of all animals was satisfactory, there were no disorders of the limb support function and motor reflexes. After six months, in the femoral nerve there was 4-fold decrease in the proportion of large fast-conducting myelin fibers D10 m and 3-fold increase in that of the small ones. The mean axon diameter and myelin thickness were 62% and 53% of the norm. After 12-18 months, the dimensional characteristics of myelin fibers were restored. During the entire experiment, 4-6% of myelin fibers were reactively and destructively altered. Conclusions. The modeling of the lateral interbody fusion of the lumbar spine in normal animals experimentally demonstrated the absence of neurological symptoms after 6-18 months, which indicated low invasiveness of the surgical intervention. Nevertheless, the subclinical reactive and destructive changes in the myelin fibers of the femoral nerve revealed 6 months after the surgery indicated the need for preventive anti-neurotic therapy.
Релятивистская лампа обратной волны с продольно-щелевым дифракционным выходом
Authors: Кладухин В.В. , Храмцов С.П. , Ялов В.Ю.
Published: November 2021

The results of experimental studies evaluating the influence of longitudinal slits in a conical diffraction outlet, combined with an electron collector, of a 10 GHz relativistic BWO (Backward-Wave Oscillator) with an operating mode TM01 are presented. It has been shown experimentally that replacing a solid conical waveguide with a similar longitudinal-slotted waveguide has little effect on the performance of the BWO. The use of a longitudinally slotted diffraction outlet instead of a continuous one makes it possible to reduce the volume of plasma and microparticles formed on the diffraction outlet surface under the action of an electron beam, and to improve their adsorption and removal.
Patient Engagement in the Design of a Mobile Health App That Supports Enhanced Recovery Protocols for Cardiac Surgery: Development Study
Authors: Chudyk Anna M , Ragheb Sandra , Kent David , Duhamel Todd A , Hyra Carole , Dave Mudra G , Arora Rakesh C , Schultz Annette SH
Published: November 2021

Background

Despite the importance of their perspectives, end users (eg, patients, caregivers) are not typically engaged by academic researchers in the development of mobile health (mHealth) apps for perioperative cardiac surgery settings.

Objective

The aim of this study was to describe a process for and the impact of patient engagement in the development of an mHealth app that supports patient and caregiver involvement with enhanced recovery protocols during the perioperative period of cardiac surgery.

Methods

Engagement occurred at the level of consultation and took the form of an advisory panel. Patients who underwent cardiac surgery (2017-2018) at St. Boniface Hospital (Winnipeg, Manitoba) and their caregivers were approached for participation. A qualitative exploration determined the impact of patient engagement on the development (ie, design and content) of the mHealth app. This included a description of (1) the key messages generated by the advisory panel, (2) how key messages were incorporated into the development of the mHealth app, and (3) feedback from the developers of the mHealth app about the key messages generated by the advisory panel.

Results

The advisory panel (N=10) generated 23 key messages to guide the development of the mHealth app. Key design-specific messages (n=7) centered around access, tracking, synchronization, and reminders. Key content-specific messages (n=16) centered around medical terms, professional roles, cardiac surgery procedures and recovery, educational videos, travel, nutrition, medications, resources, and physical activity. This information was directly incorporated into the design of the mHealth app as long as it was supported by the existing functionalities of the underlying platform. For example, the platform did not support the scheduling of reminders by users, identifying drug interactions, or synchronizing with other devices. The developers of the mHealth app noted that key messages resulted in the integration of a vast range and volume of information and resources instead of ones primarily focused on surgical information, content geared toward expectations management, and an expanded focus to include caregivers and other family members, so that these stakeholders may be directly included in the provision of information, allowing them to be better informed, prepare along with the patient, and be involved in recovery planning.

Conclusions

Patient engagement may facilitate the development of a detail-oriented and patient-centered mHealth app whose design and content are driven by the lived experiences of end users.
Social Media and Health Care (Part II): Narrative Review of Social Media Use by Patients
Authors: Farsi Deema , Martinez-Menchaca Hector R , Ahmed Mohammad , Farsi Nada
Published: November 2021

Background

People are now connected in a borderless web-based world. The modern public, especially the younger generation, relies heavily on the internet as the main source of health-related information. In health care, patients can use social media for more tailored uses such as telemedicine, finding a provider, and for peer support.

Objective

The aim of this narrative review is to discuss how social media has been used in the health care industry from the perspective of patients and describe the main issues surrounding its use in health care.

Methods

Between March and June 2020, a review of the literature was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science for English studies that were published since 2007 and discussed the use of social media in health care. In addition to only English publications that discussed the use of social media by patients, publications pertaining to ethical and legal considerations in the use of social media were included. The studies were then categorized as health information, telemedicine, finding a health care provider, peer support and sharing experiences, and influencing positive health behavior. In addition, two more sections were added to the review: issues pertaining to social media use in health care and ethical considerations.

Results

Initially, 75 studies were included. As the study proceeded, more studies were included, and a total of 91 studies were reviewed, complemented by 1 textbook chapter and 13 web references. Approximately half of the studies were reviews. The first study was published in 2009, and the last was published in 2021, with more than half of the studies published in the last 5 years. The studies were mostly from the United States (n=40), followed by Europe (n=13), and the least from India (n=1). WhatsApp or WeChat was the most investigated social media platform.

Conclusions

Social media can be used by the public and patients to improve their health and knowledge. However, due diligence must be practiced to assess the credibility of the information obtained and its source. Health care providers, patients, and the public need not forget the risks associated with the use of social media. The limitations and shortcomings of the use of social media by patients should be understood.
A Deep Residual U-Net Algorithm for Automatic Detection and Quantification of Ascites on Abdominopelvic Computed Tomography Images Acquired in the Emergency Department: Model Development and Validation
Authors: Ko Hoon , Huh Jimi , Kim Kyung Won , Chung Heewon , Ko Yousun , Kim Jai Keun , Lee Jei Hee , Lee Jinseok
Published: November 2021

Background

Detection and quantification of intra-abdominal free fluid (ie, ascites) on computed tomography (CT) images are essential processes for finding emergent or urgent conditions in patients. In an emergency department, automatic detection and quantification of ascites will be beneficial.

Objective

We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for the automatic detection and quantification of ascites simultaneously using a single deep learning model (DLM).

Methods

We developed 2D DLMs based on deep residual U-Net, U-Net, bidirectional U-Net, and recurrent residual U-Net (R2U-Net) algorithms to segment areas of ascites on abdominopelvic CT images. Based on segmentation results, the DLMs detected ascites by classifying CT images into ascites images and nonascites images. The AI algorithms were trained using 6337 CT images from 160 subjects (80 with ascites and 80 without ascites) and tested using 1635 CT images from 40 subjects (20 with ascites and 20 without ascites). The performance of the AI algorithms was evaluated for diagnostic accuracy of ascites detection and for segmentation accuracy of ascites areas. Of these DLMs, we proposed an AI algorithm with the best performance.

Results

The segmentation accuracy was the highest for the deep residual U-Net model with a mean intersection over union (mIoU) value of 0.87, followed by U-Net, bidirectional U-Net, and R2U-Net models (mIoU values of 0.80, 0.77, and 0.67, respectively). The detection accuracy was the highest for the deep residual U-Net model (0.96), followed by U-Net, bidirectional U-Net, and R2U-Net models (0.90, 0.88, and 0.82, respectively). The deep residual U-Net model also achieved high sensitivity (0.96) and high specificity (0.96).

Conclusions

We propose a deep residual U-Net–based AI algorithm for automatic detection and quantification of ascites on abdominopelvic CT scans, which provides excellent performance.
Machine Learning to Early Prediction of Chronic Kidney Disease: Using Imbalanced and Limited Size Data Sets (Preprint)
Authors: C. M. da Silveira Andressa , Sobrinho Álvaro , Dias da Silva Leandro , de Barros Costa Evandro , Perkusich Angelo , Eliete Pinheiro Maria
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem, usually diagnosed in the late stages of the disease, increasing public health costs and mortality rates. The late diagnosis is even more critical in low- and middle-income countries due to the high poverty levels, many hard-to-reach locations, and sometimes lack/precarious primary care. Therefore, to alleviate these issues, investment in early prediction is necessary.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to assist the early prediction of CKD, addressing problems related to imbalanced and limited-size data sets.

METHODS

To address our multi-class problem (low risk, medium risk, high risk, and very high risk), we used data from medical records of 60 Brazilians with or without a diagnosis of CKD, containing the following attributes: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, creatinine, urea, albuminuria, age, gender, and glomerular filtration rate. We used two approaches for oversampling: (1) manual augmentation with data validated by an experienced nephrologist and (2) automated augmentation with the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE), borderline-SMOTE, and Borderline-SMOTE support vector machine. We implemented classification models based on such data sets and the algorithms: decision tree (DT), random forest, and multi-class AdaBoosted DTs. We also applied the overall local accuracy and local class accuracy methods for dynamic classifier selection; and the k-nearest oracles-union, k-nearest oracles-eliminate, and META-DES for dynamic ensemble selection. We analyzed the models' performances using the hold-out validation, multiple stratified cross-validation (CV), and nested CV. We also computed the importance of features using feature selection methods.

RESULTS

The best performance was achieved using the DT and multi-class AdaBoosted DTs classification models, oversampled with SMOTE, and validated with the multiple stratified CV and nested CV methods. The DT model presented the highest accuracy score (98.99%) for both multiple stratified CV and nested CV, followed by multi-class AdaBoosted DTs (97.99% and 98.00%), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The SMOTE and multiple stratified CV or nested CV methods provided reliable results for such an imbalanced and limited size data set. During CKD monitoring, based on the DT model, assuming the previous DM evaluation, the user only needs to perform two blood tests: creatinine and urea. Thus, the DT model can assist in designing systems for the early prediction of CKD, providing easy interpretation and cost reduction.
The Use of a Computerized Cognitive Assessment to Improve the Efficiency of Primary Care Referrals to Memory Services: Protocol for the Accelerating Dementia Pathway Technologies (ADePT) Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kalafatis Chris , Modarres Mohammad Hadi , Apostolou Panos , Tabet Naji , Khaligh-Razavi Seyed-Mahdi
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Existing primary care cognitive assessment tools are crude or time-consuming screening instruments which can only detect cognitive impairment when it is well established. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, memory services have adapted to the new environment by moving to remote patient assessments to continue meeting service user demand. However, the remote use of cognitive assessments has been variable while there has been scant evaluation of the outcome of such a change in clinical practice. Emerging research in remote memory clinics has highlighted computerized cognitive tests, such as the Integrated Cognitive Assessment (ICA), as prominent candidates for adoption in clinical practice both during the pandemic and for post-COVID-19 implementation as part of health care innovation.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the Accelerating Dementia Pathway Technologies (ADePT) study is to develop a real-world evidence basis to support the adoption of ICA as an inexpensive screening tool for the detection of cognitive impairment to improve the efficiency of the dementia care pathway.

METHODS

Patients who have been referred to a memory clinic by a general practitioner (GP) are recruited. Participants complete the ICA either at home or in the clinic along with medical history and usability questionnaires. The GP referral and ICA outcome are compared with the specialist diagnosis obtained at the memory clinic. The clinical outcomes as well as National Health Service reference costing data will be used to assess the potential health and economic benefits of the use of the ICA in the dementia diagnosis pathway.

RESULTS

The ADePT study was funded in January 2020 by Innovate UK (Project Number 105837). As of September 2021, 86 participants have been recruited in the study, with 23 participants also completing a retest visit. Initially, the study was designed for in-person visits at the memory clinic; however, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the study was amended to allow remote as well as face-to-face visits. The study was also expanded from a single site to 4 sites in the United Kingdom. We expect results to be published by the second quarter of 2022.

CONCLUSIONS

The ADePT study aims to improve the efficiency of the dementia care pathway at its very beginning and supports systems integration at the intersection between primary and secondary care. The introduction of a standardized, self-administered, digital assessment tool for the timely detection of neurodegeneration as part of a decision support system that can signpost accordingly can reduce unnecessary referrals, service backlog, and assessment variability.

CLINICALTRIAL

ISRCTN 16596456; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN16596456

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/34475
Impact of COVID-19 Social Distancing Mandates on Gastrointestinal Pathogen Positivity: Secondary Data Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Palmer Tanner , Benson L. Scott , Porucznik Christina , Gren Lisa H.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Acute gastrointestinal illnesses are of the most common problems evaluated by physicians, and some of the most preventable. There is evidence of GI pathogen transmission when people are in close contact. The COVID-19 pandemic led to the sudden implementation of wide spread social distancing measures in the United States. There is strong evidence that social distancing measures impact the spread of SARS-CoV-2, and a growing body of research indicates that these measures also decrease the transmission of other respiratory pathogens.

OBJECTIVE

To our knowledge, there are no peer-reviewed studies examining the impact of social distancing measures on the transmission of GI pathogens. This study aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 social distancing mandates on the GI pathogen positivity rates.

METHODS

De-identified gastrointestinal panel PCR test results from a routinely collected diagnostic database from January 2019 through August 2020 were analyzed for positivity percentage. An interrupted time series was performed, using social distancing mandate issuance dates as the intervention date. Three target organisms were chosen for the final analysis to represent different primary transmission routes: adenovirus F40/41, norovirus GI/GII, and Escherichia coli O157.

RESULTS

In total, 84,223 total test results from nine states were included in the final dataset. With the exception of E. coli O157 in Kansas, Michigan and Nebraska, we observed an immediate decrease in positivity percentage during the week of social distancing mandates for all other targets and states. Norovirus GI/GII showed the most notable drop in positivity, while E. coli O157 appeared to be least impacted by social distancing mandates. While we acknowledge the analysis has a multiple testing problem, the majority of our significant results showed significance even at the 0.01 level.

CONCLUSIONS

This study aimed to investigate the impact of social distancing mandates meant for COVID-19 on GI pathogen positivity, and we discovered that social distancing measures did in fact decrease positivity initially. The use of similar measures may prove useful in GI pathogen outbreaks. The use of a unique diagnostic database in this study exhibits the potential for its use as a public health surveillance tool.
Problematic Internet Use amongst Chinese adolescents: Are relationships with parents important? (Preprint)
Authors: Hayixibayi Alimila , Strodl Esben , Chen Wei-Qing , Kelly Adrian B
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Problematic internet use (PIU) is prevalent amongst Chinese adolescents. There is a need to better understand how parent-adolescent relationship quality is associated with adolescent PIU to guide the development of effective prevention and early intervention programs.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to examine parent-adolescent conflict and parental bonding as potential factors associated with adolescent PIU.

METHODS

A sample of 6552 students (age 10 to 19 years) from 22 schools in Guangdong, China, was recruited. Participants completed questionnaires measuring conflict (involving verbal conflict, emotional abuse, and physical abuse) and parental bonding with parents, and PIU.

RESULTS

Multiple regression analyses found that greater mother-adolescent conflict and father-adolescent conflict, and lower levels of parental bonding were associated with higher levels of PIU. The association of mother-adolescent conflict with PIU was stronger in older students than younger students, while the association of father-adolescent conflict with PIU was stronger in male students than female students. Compared to those who reported no mother-adolescent conflict, participants who experienced verbal conflict and emotional abuse, but not physical abuse from their mothers, reported higher levels of PIU. Compared to those who reported no father-adolescent conflict, participants who experienced verbal conflict, emotional abuse and physical abuse from their fathers were subject to significantly higher levels of PIU.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings point to the value of interventions to reduce parental verbal conflict, emotional abuse and physical abuse and to increase parental bonding to lower the risk of PIU in Chinese adolescents.
Lymph Node Yield in Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery With or Without Prior Neoadjuvant Therapy: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Ronellenfitsch Ulrich , Mathis Nika , Friedrichs Juliane , Kleeff Jörg
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Lymph node yield is the number of lymph nodes retrieved during oncological resection and histopathologically identified in the resection specimen. It is an important surrogate parameter for assessing the oncological radicality of the resection of gastrointestinal carcinomas, as well as a prognostic factor in these diseases. It remains unclear if and to what extent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy, which have become established treatments for carcinoma of the esophagus, stomach, and rectum and are increasingly used in pancreatic carcinoma, affect the lymph node yield.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review with meta-analysis is conducted with the aim of summarizing the available evidence regarding the lymph node yield, an oncological surrogate marker, in patients with gastrointestinal carcinomas undergoing surgery after neoadjuvant therapy compared to those undergoing surgery without neoadjuvant therapy.

METHODS

Randomized and nonrandomized studies comparing oncological resection of esophageal, stomach, pancreatic, and rectal carcinoma with and without prior neoadjuvant therapy are eligible for inclusion regardless of study design. Publications will be identified with a defined search strategy in 2 electronic databases: PubMed and Cochrane Library. The primary endpoint of the analysis is the number of lymph nodes identified in the resected specimen. Secondary endpoints include the number of harvested metastatic lymph nodes, operation time, postoperative complications, pathological TNM staging, and overall and recurrence-free survival time. Using suitable statistical methods, the endpoints between patients with and without neoadjuvant therapy, as well as in defined subgroups (neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy; and patients with esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, or rectal cancer), will be compared.

RESULTS

The literature search and data collection started in October 2021. Results are expected to be published in mid-2022.

CONCLUSIONS

This meta-analysis will provide the most up-to-date and complete summary of the evidence on an association between neoadjuvant therapy and lymph node yield in gastrointestinal cancer surgery. The underlying hypothesis is that neoadjuvant therapy decreases the number and size of lymph nodes through lymphocyte depletion and radiation-induced fibrosis, thus leading to a lower possible lymph node yield. The findings of the meta-analysis will show if this hypothesis is supported by evidence.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD218459; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021218459

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/35243
Utilizing Big Data From Google Trends to Map Population Depression in the United States: Exploratory Infodemiology Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Alex , McCarron Robert , Azzam Daniel , Stehli Annamarie , Xiong Glen , DeMartini Jeremy
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

The epidemiology of mental health disorders has important theoretical and practical implications for health care service and planning. The recent increase in big data storage and subsequent development of analytical tools suggest that mining search databases may yield important trends on mental health, which can be used to support existing population health studies.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to map depression search intent in the United States based on internet-based mental health queries.

METHODS

Weekly data on mental health searches were extracted from Google Trends for an 11-year period (2010-2021) and separated by US state for the following terms: “feeling sad,” “depressed,” “depression,” “empty,” “insomnia,” “fatigue,” “guilty,” “feeling guilty,” and “suicide.” Multivariable regression models were created based on geographic and environmental factors and normalized to the following control terms: “sports,” “news,” “google,” “youtube,” “facebook,” and “netflix.” Heat maps of population depression were generated based on search intent.

RESULTS

Depression search intent grew 67% from January 2010 to March 2021. Depression search intent showed significant seasonal patterns with peak intensity during winter (adjusted P<.001) and early spring months (adjusted P<.001), relative to summer months. Geographic location correlated with depression search intent with states in the Northeast (adjusted P=.01) having higher search intent than states in the South.

CONCLUSIONS

The trends extrapolated from Google Trends successfully correlate with known risk factors for depression, such as seasonality and increasing latitude. These findings suggest that Google Trends may be a valid novel epidemiological tool to map depression prevalence in the United States.
Feminismo interseccional en Argentina: Pluriculturalidad y derechos humanos de las mujeres indígenas
Authors: Bauger Erika Silvina
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo se origina en un interrogante que forma parte del debate académico en Latinoamérica en torno a la vinculación entre feminismos jurídicos y pluriculturalidad. ¿Es el reconocimiento de los derechos culturales de una comunidad un atraso al reconocimiento de los derechos de las mujeres y otras identidades no hegemónicas? La pregunta retoma como disparador el interrogante que se planteara la politóloga Susan Moller Okin respecto a “¿Es el multiculturalismo malo para las mujeres?”. Para ello, me propongo contextualizar y analizar los textos que se posicionaron de un lado y del otro en un caso real sucedido en la República Argentina (“Ruiz”, conocido en la comunidad wichí de Lapacho Mocho como Qa’tu), y que dio lugar a múltiples tensiones y posiciones encontradas en el ámbito jurídico, antropológico y filosófico.
La reciente regulación española del trabajo a distancia y del teletrabajo: flexibilidad laboral y trabajo con derechos
Authors: López Ahumada José Eduardo
Published: November 2021

La nueva ley española del trabajo a distancia y del teletrabajo aborda los problemas presentes en relación al trabajo remoto y virtual, que se han desarrollado especialmente con motivo de la pandemia del Covid-19. Con carácter general, el legislador español ha optado por un régimen jurídico que da respuesta a la situación actual, pero con una clara voluntad de permanencia en el tiempo. Con carácter general, se contempla un régimen amplio y flexible, que intenta solucionar los problemas actuales derivados de la virtualización del trabajo por cuenta ajena. Legalmente se garantizan derechos especiales y se dota a las empresas de un marco normativo suficiente, que proporciona seguridad jurídica, a pesar de los aspectos conflictivos que se pueden presentar en la práctica jurídico-laboral.
Précis de Sobre el análisis
Authors: Barceló Axel
Published: November 2021

La metáfora de la “descomposición” domina aún nuestra manera usual de pensar el análisis conceptual. Se trata de una herramienta muy útil para pensar este proceso tan abstracto, pero tiene limitaciones importantes. Por ejemplo, nos hace pensar que los componentes de un concepto deben estar en algún sentido contenidos en él o que la única manera en que dos conceptos pueden estar relacionados es que uno contenga al otro. Estas limitaciones no nos permiten dar cuenta de conceptos complejos cuya estructura no es tan simple, como los de color o de medida. Por ello es tiempo de superar esta metáfora y pensar al análisis conceptual no sólo como descomposición, sino también como la asignación de diferentes funciones a los componentes de un concepto.
An Approach to Develop Web-Based Application for Simulation and Visualization of Operating System Algorithms
Authors: Garg Kartik
Published: November 2021

Abstract: Learning about algorithms and different system concepts related to programming is a difficult task and often becomes complex for students to grasp. If ever a concept is being learned using visualization techniques it becomes easy to learn and remember. There are many Algorithm visualizers built for it, though students may interpret them in a wrong way and that is why it should be appropriate and correct. Based on the previous works this paper describes an effective way to learn the various complex algorithms of the operating system in which we have considered various levels of interactivity, that includes zero interactivity, partial interactivity, and complete interactivity that will be discussed further in detail.[10] Keywords: Algorithm, Visualization, Operating System, Simulator, Programming, FCFS, SJF, etc
Analysis of Indian Traditional Buildings using Passive Cooling through Natural Ventilation Techniques
Authors: Verma Samiksha
Published: November 2021

Abstract: There is a rapid increase in the use of active cooling strategies for ventilation and air circulation in the recent scenario, and hence an urge of climate-responsive buildings is a need of today. Taking the advantage of local climate and designing buildings that decrease energy use can be achieved by implementing passive cooling strategies in a building. The present study focuses on how various solar passive techniques have helped in designing climate-responsive structures in the past and how its implementation can enhance the structure in modern construction techniques. By analysing structures from the past and studying the science behind them, the passive cooling effect and its development in design implementation can be examined. The paper concludes by having incited on how solar passive strategies can help to create a flexible building, responding to climatic effects and its evolution over a period of time. Keywords: Climate responsive, Hot-dry climate, passive cooling, Traditional buildings
PV based DG Power Quality Improvement Using Integrated D-STATCOM under varying Insolation
Authors: Kanukolanu Lakshmi Sravya
Published: November 2021

Abstract: The standalone grid connected Photovoltaic (PV) systems have been gradually increasing for generation of electrical energy due to ever increasing fuel and coal prices, as well as the environmental issues posed by conventional power plants. In this transition phase, power quality is at its expense, resulting in damage to equipment or appliances and lost in production. Inadequate power quality can be caused by network failures and switching operations, which primarily cause voltage dips, interruptions, transients, and network disturbances from loads which primarily produce flicker i.e., rapid voltage changes, harmonics and phase imbalance. In this paper PV is used as an external DC source for D-STATCOM (Distributed Static Synchronous Compensator) which is a FACTS device that can maintain and repair power quality limitations such as power factor correction, voltage control, load balancing and harmonic reduction. The PV-STATCOM system inverter is implemented by impending MPPT method using P&O algorithm so as to provide DC link voltage control and to improve transient response along with counteracting power quality issues. MATLAB/Simulink based simulation results are presented for the proposed PVSTATCOM model. The simulation results proves that the PV-STATCOM system has better Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and good reactive power compensation at different irradiance levels. Keywords: Photovoltaic (PV) systems, D-STATCOM (Distributed Static Synchronous Compensator), Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking), FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System)
The Pinocchio Disease dan nilai-nilai antikorupsi
Authors: Nugraha Dipa
Published: November 2021

Penggunaan cerita pendek di dalam pembelajaran nilai-nilai antikorupsi di Indonesia masih sangat kurang. Selama ini pembelajaran nilai-nilai antikorupsi lebih banyak menggunakan buku berseri atau buku cerita dalam proses pembelajaran. Artikel ini bertujuan menyingkap potensi cerita pendek “The Pinocchio Disease” karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma sebagai bahan pembelajaran sastra yang terkait dengan pendidikan nilai-nilai antikorupsi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis hermeneutika. Prosedur yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data dan analisis meliputi (1) pembacaan teks di dalam mencari bagian tertentu yang relevan dengan fokus kajian; (2) penautan bagian tertentu di dalam teks dengan konteksnya serta relevansinya sebagai cara komunikasi dialogis antara teks dengan konteks; (3) pemberian makna atas interaksi teks dengan konteks. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, cerpen “The Pinocchio Disease” mengandung sarkasme terhadap nilai-nilai antikorupsi seperti (1) kejujuran, (2) kepedulian, (3) kedisiplinan, (4) tanggung-jawab, (5) kerja keras, (6) sederhana, dan (7) keadilan. Ini berarti bahwa cerita pendek ini cocok untuk dipergunakan di dalam pembelajaran nilai-nilai antikorupsi. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa cerpen “The Pinocchio Disease” dapat dipergunakan untuk mengembangkan Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) dan sebagai materi bacaan sastra dalam pendidikan karakter siswa.
Praktik mistisisme Jawa dalam novel Partikel karya Dewi Lestari
Authors: Setiawan, M.Pd Arif , Musaffak Musaffak
Published: November 2021

Mistisisme dalam tataran masyarakat Jawa menjadi sebuah simbol yang digunakan dalam kehidupan, terutama dalam konteks beragama.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan praktik mistisisme Jawa dalam novel Partikel karya Dewi Lestari. Hal ini didasari oleh realitas bahwa pengarang termasuk ke dalam generasi yang tumbuh dan berkembang di lingkungan modern. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, pendekatan yang digunakan adalah sosiologi sastra. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah novel Partikel karya Dewi Lestari yang diterbitkan oleh PT Bentang Pustaka dengan jumlah 490 halaman pada tahun 2012. Data dalam penelitian ini mencakup satuan cerita yang terwujud dalam dialog, monolog, paragraf, sekuen cerita, bagian kalimat, maupun narasi tokoh yang menggambarkan praktik mistisisme Jawa dalam novel Partikel karya Dewi Lestari. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan langkah (a) membaca sumber data; (b) unitizing (mengambil data yang tepat dengan cara menandai teks; serta (c) mencatat dan menginventarisasi teks yang relevan. Setelah semua data terkumpul, maka data dianalisis berdasarkan fokus penelitian yang lebih menekankan pada praktik mistisisme Jawa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam novel Partikel karya Dewi Lestari menampilkan praktik mistisisme Jawa pada tataran sarengat/syariat dan tarekat. Praktik mistisisme Jawa tokoh utama pada tataran sarengat/syariat dibuktikan dengan (1) percaya terhadap jin & setan dan (2) percaya pada mitos-mitos, sedangkan pada tataran tarekat dibuktikan dengan percaya dan upaya yang dilakukan tokoh untuk menjumpai Tuhan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa praktik mistisisme Jawa dalam novel Partikel karya Dewi Lestari pada tataran syariat dan tarekat.
Leksikon kegulmaan pada masyarakat Jawa di Perkebunan Fajar Agung, Kecamatan Pegajahan, Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai: Kajian ekolinguistik
Authors: Putra Wiradi , Widayati Dwi , Dardanila Dardanila , Amanda Sharina
Published: November 2021

Masyarakat Jawa Fajar Agung merupakan pekerja perkebunan yang sangat akrab dengan leksikon-leksikon kegulmaan. Keakraban ini dapat terlihat dari penggunaan leksikon yang masih bertahan sampai saat ini. Hal ini merupakan salah satu cara dalam pencegahan punahnya istilah Jawa dalam bentuk leksikon kegulmaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat pemahaman masyarakat Jawa terhadap leksikon kegulmaan di Perkebunan Fajar Agung, serta menjelaskan faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat pemahaman masyarakat Jawa terhadap leksikon kegulmaan di Perkebunan Fajar Agung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang didukung berupa perhitungan hasil respondensi secara kuantitatif. Data leksikon kegulmaan diperoleh melalui angket. Angket berisi data daftar leksikon kegulmaan yang sebelumnya diperoleh melalui wawancara kepada informan kunci. Adapun hasil penelitian ini, yaitu Leksikon kegulmaan pada masyarakat Jawa di Perkebunan Fajar Agung berjumlah 75 buah. Berdasarkan pada pembahasan pertama tingkat pemahaman T (tahu) kelompok usia I (25-45 Tahun) yaitu 83,53% dan kelompok usia II (46-60 Tahun) yaitu 83,15% sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa masyarakat Jawa di Perkebunan Fajar Agung masih mengenal dan menggunakan leksikon-leksikon kegulmaan dalam bahasa Jawa. Berdasarkan pembahasan kedua, terdapat dua faktor kebertahanan yang memengaruhi tingkat pemahaman leksikon kegulmaan pada MJFA, yaitu yaitu faktor yang berkaitan dengan linguistik dan non-linguistik. Faktor linguistik yang memengaruhi kebertahanan leksikon kegulmaan pada MJFA, yaitu berhubungan dengan tendensi MJFA terhadap bahasa Jawa. Kemudian faktor non-linguistik, yaitu perilaku konservatif MJFA terhadap gulma, adaptasi fisiologi gulma terhadap herbisida, konsistensi penggunaan peralatan tradisional pengendalian dan pemberantasan gulma, kesejahteraan MJFA, pendidikan MJFA.