bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HMGB1 promotes CXCL12‐dependent egress of murine B cells from Peyer's patches in homeostasis
Authors: Spagnuolo Lorenzo , Puddinu Viola , Boss Noémie , Spinetti Thibaud , Oberson Anne , Widmer Jerome , Mottas Inès , Hotz Christian , Bianchi Marco E. , Uguccioni Mariagrazia , Bourquin Carole
Published: June 2021

High mobility group box‐1 protein (HMGB1) is an alarmin that, once released, promotes inflammatory responses, alone and as a complex with the chemokine CXCL12. Here, we report that the HMGB1–CXCL12 complex plays an essential role also in homeostasis by controlling the migration of B lymphocytes. We show that extracellular HMGB1 is critical for the CXCL12‐dependent egress of B cells from the Peyer's patches (PP). This promigratory function of the complex was restricted to the PPs, since HMGB1 was not required for B‐cell migratory processes in other locations. Accordingly, we detected higher constitutive levels of the HMGB1–CXCL12 complex in PPs than in other lymphoid organs. HMGB1–CXCL12 in vivo inhibition was associated with a reduced basal IgA production in the gut. Collectively, our results demonstrate a role for the HMGB1–CXCL12 complex in orchestrating B‐cell trafficking in homeostasis, and provide a novel target to control lymphocyte migration in mucosal immunity.
Direct C−H Radical Alkylation of 1,4‐Quinones
Authors: Donzel Maxime , Karabiyikli Deniz , Cotos Leandro , Elhabiri Mourad , Davioud‐Charvet Elisabeth
Published: June 2021

1,4‐Quinones display unique redox and biological properties and have multiple applications in a wide array of fields, including health. Synthesis of diversely substituted quinone‐based compounds remains difficult and usually consists of multiple step sequences. Interest in direct C−H radical alkylation of 1,4‐quinones has thus continuously grown over this last decade. These reactions involve addition of carbon‐centered radicals generated from radical precursors through decarboxylative alkylation, hydrogen‐atom abstraction, or by carbon‐halogen bond reduction. Recent progresses in radical chemistry, including photoredox catalysis, have provided useful tools for quinone functionalization. This Minireview describes the recent progress with these methodologies, including the new promising three‐component cascade reactions involving quinones and alkenes, allowing for the preparation of complex substituted 1,4‐quinones in a single step.
Reactivity and Applications of Iodine Monochloride in Synthetic Approaches
Authors: Day David P. , Alsenani Nawaf I. , Alsimaree Abdulrahman A.
Published: June 2021

Over the last half‐decade, routes towards accessing halogenated compounds of value such as bioactive pharmaceuticals, organic building blocks has been of interest to the synthetic community. The demand for new methodologies to access important compounds has surged over the period. Amongst the halogenating agents available in a chemist's toolbox, one reagent in particular, iodine monochloride (ICl), is relatively under employed in comparison to alternatives such as molecular iodine for example. In this Minireview, we document the most recent applications (2015–2020) of ICl in synthetic organic transformations, namely halogenations including iodinations and chlorination reactions, cyclizations, metathesis reactions as well as oxidation processes. Furthermore, its versatile nature and interesting properties will be discussed, through its advantages and downfalls over other halogenating reagents, and discussions where relevant to compare modes of reactivity and mechanistic insights is presented.
Transition‐Metal‐Free, General Construction of Thioamides from Chlorohydrocarbon, Amide and Elemental Sulfur
Authors: Jin Hao , Chen Xinzhi , Qian Chao , Ge Xin , Zhou Shaodong
Published: June 2021

A general method for one‐pot synthesis of thioamides is developed through a three‐component reaction involving chlorohydrocarbon, amide and elemental sulfur. Such a strategy does not only avoid residual transition metal in the product but also prevent the generation of C−N coupling by‐product. The latter is prone to be generated when alkane halide and amine are present. With the protocol proposed in this work, both alkyl and aryl thioamides can be obtained in moderate to excellent yields with a high tolerance of various functional groups. External oxidants are not required in the reaction. In addition, the reaction mechanisms are addressed using a combination of controlling experiments and quantum chemical calculations.
Deriving Human Health and Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria in the United States for Bioaccumulative Substances: A Historical Review and Future Perspective
Authors: Barnhart Brad , Flinders Camille , Ragsdale Renee , Johnson Giffe , Wiegand Paul
Published: June 2021

Methods used to derive water quality regulations for persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances (PBTs) in the United States have evolved substantially over the past 50 yr, leveraging current understandings and assumptions about the nature and magnitude of partitioning and accumulation of substances in water, sediments, and organisms. In the United States and across the world, environmental regulations continue to evolve into more refined water quality criteria protective of aquatic life and human health. The present review provides historical context on the establishment of aquatic life and human health water quality criteria in the United States by compiling information from regulatory agencies and peer-reviewed literature on methods used to characterize and quantify bioaccumulation of substances in aquatic organisms and humans. Primary data needs and assumptions for various methods, as well as their application in setting criteria by the US Environmental Protection Agency over the past half century, are highlighted. Our review offers an important retrospective on the data and methods used to derive water quality criteria for PBTs and provides commentary on the future of US criteria development. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2394–2405. © 2021 SETAC

Abstract

Conceptual depiction of US water quality criteria and their accompanying derivation methods, demonstrating evolution over time with varying levels of complexity, accuracy, and data requirements. AI = artificial intelligence.
Mixed time series approaches for forecasting the daily number of hospital blood collections
Authors: Zhang Xinli , Zhao Xin , Mou Xiaoying , Tan Mingying
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Provide new methods to predict the number of hospital blood collections.

Methods

The registered outpatients and blood collection patients in a large hospital in China in the period from March 2018 to April 2019 were enrolled in the study. Firstly, we analyzed the time series characteristics of the daily blood collection patients and their correlation with the number of daily outpatients. Then, we used the time series ARIMA and linear regression methods to build the periodic trend model of the blood collections number prediction and the regression prediction model with the number of registered outpatients as an independent variable. Finally, we built a combined prediction model considering mixed time series to predict the number of blood collections in the hospital.

Results

The combined prediction model has a higher accuracy and can better explore the characteristics of the number of blood collections compared with other models. It can also give some suggestions for a reasonable blood collection management.

Conclusion

The combined prediction model of mixed time series can reflect the change in the blood collections number due to the influence of internal and external factors and can realize the blood collection prediction with a higher accuracy providing a new method for the prediction of the blood collections number.
A potential pesticides exposure index (PPEI) for developing countries: Applied in a transboundary basin
Authors: Ochoa-Cueva Pablo A. , Arteaga Juan , Arévalo Ana P. , Kolok Alan S.
Published: June 2021

The potential risk of pesticide exposure in developing countries needs further study as data are limited and simple tools to assess the risks on human health and the environment caused by pesticides are lacking. This article introduces a potential pesticides exposure index (PPEI) as a modeling tool to assess the risk of human and environmental pesticide exposure in agricultural basins. The PPEI is based on a number of factors including: human population centers and their proximity to agricultural crops, the toxicological properties of pesticides, and their application frequency. The index was applied to a region in southern Ecuador (approximately 7200 km2) where corn, rice, and sugarcane are the predominant crops, and where hot spots with the highest vulnerability to pesticide residues were identified. Of the total of 5326 neighborhoods for the entire study area, 1030 had high, 1124 had medium, and 1009 had low PPEI scores. Among the practical uses of PPEI are to help to assist regulatory agencies and academics evaluate the effects of land use policies on pesticide vulnerability. Also, it can be easily expanded to include other parameters, such as data from other agricultural crops, or frequency of pesticide application. The PPEI can be a valuable indicator of risk of pesticide exposure, as it is reliable and applicable to developing countries, where data and resources are limited. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:187–197. © 2021 SETAC

KEY POINTS

A simple and reliable model was proposed for surveillance, monitoring, and control of the use of pesticides. The potential risk of exposure to pesticides for developing countries was assessed with the potential pesticides exposure index (PPEI). The factors used in the PPEI were those indicated to assess the potential risk of exposure to pesticides in countries with limited data.
Association between maternal attitude towards female circumcision and daughter’s circumcision status
Authors: Alemu Dawit G. , Haile Zelalem T.
Published: June 2021

Objective

Female genital mutilation is a public health problem resulting in multiple health complications. In Ethiopia, female circumcision is widely practiced, with women taking center stage in the perpetuation of the practice. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior for variable selection, the following study assessed the association between maternal attitude towards female circumcision and daughter's circumcision status.

Methods

From the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, we analyzed a subsample of 6948 women. The outcome variable assessed daughter's circumcision status; the main independent variable assessed participant's opinion towards female circumcision. We conducted univariate, bivariate, and multiple logistic regression analyses.

Results

In the bivariate analysis, none of the variables, except for religion, showed any association with daughter's circumcision status. In the multivariable regression model, several variables showed a significant association with daughter's circumcision status. Older, rural, and circumcised women were more likely to have at least one daughter circumcised, but wanting female circumcision to stop, being a Muslim, and having at least a secondary education were negatively associated with daughter's circumcision status.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that eliminating female circumcision may require changing maternal attitudes towards the practice by targeting rural, circumcised, and older women with no formal education.
lncRNA XIST knockdown suppresses hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‐induced apoptosis of H9C2 cells by regulating miR‐545‐3p/G3BP2
Authors: Xiao Xiaohong , He Zhenzhen , Tong Suiyang , Dai Lixia , Xiao Qiuling , Qin Zhongxin , Lin Tao
Published: June 2021

This study was aimed at determining the roles and functions of lncRNA XIST/miR‐545‐3p/G3BP2 axis during hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‐induced H9C2 cell apoptosis. H9C2 cells were distributed into two groups, the H/R injury and control groups. High‐throughput lncRNA sequencing was applied in the determination of differentially expressed lncRNAs between H/R‐induced H9C2 cells and normal H9C2 cells. Real‐time polymerase chain reactions (RT‐PCR) were used to confirm the expression levels of lncRNA XIST in H/R‐induced H9C2 cells. H9C2 cells were then transfected with lncRNA XIST recombinant plasmid (lncRNA XIST), sh‐LINC XIST, agomiR‐545‐3p, antagomiR‐545‐3p, pcDNA‐G3BP2, sh‐G3BP2, and a corresponding negative control (NC). Bioinformatic analyses revealed that MiR‐545‐3p was a target for lncRNA XIST. This finding was confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. The degree of cell apoptosis was evaluated by a flow cytometer. RT‐PCR and western blot were performed to assess the apoptotic‐related proteins in each group. A total of 859 differentially expressed lncRNAs (up‐regulated = 502, down‐regulated = 357) were identified. LncRNA XIST was found to be down‐regulated in H/R‐induced H9C2 cells while miR‐545‐3p was distinctly up‐regulated. miR‐545‐3p was established to be a direct target for LncRNA XIST. LncRNA XIST significantly enhanced the apoptotic rate, while its inhibition suppressed the apoptotic rate. AgomiR‐545‐3p partially blocked the lncRNA XIST and enhanced the apoptosis of H/R‐induced H9C2 cells. Moreover, miR‐545‐3p was shown to be a direct target for G3BP2. The overexpression of G3BP2 partially reversed the apoptotic effects of miR‐545‐3p on H/R‐induced H9C2 cells. lncRNA XIST/miR‐545‐3p/GBP2 was found to be an apoptotic regulator in H/R‐induced H9C2 cells.
Decellularized kidney scaffold alters the healing response in chronic renal failure
Authors: Wang Fangfang , Liu Xiaolin , Yu Yaling , Zhang Rui , Li Miaozhong , Ding Yuqiang , Xi Shanshan , Jiang Junqun , Chen Chuan , Wang Zhibin , Wei Peng , Mei Jin
Published: June 2021

Decellularized (DC) kidney scaffold shows great potential for renal recovering. Our study explored the effect of the DC kidney scaffolds treating on chronic renal failure (CRF) through grafting them on 5/6 nephrectomized (5/6 Nx) rat kidneys compared with gelatin sponges covered the incision edges. Blood urea nitrogen and angiotensin II were significantly lower in most time in scaffold‐grafted groups. Remnant kidney tumor necrosis factor‐α and fibroblast growth factor in scaffold‐grafted groups significantly reduced in majority of time points compared with controls. But platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB showed a different varied tendency, first higher in scaffold groups on week 2, 4, 6, but lower on week 8, finally no difference on week 12 compared with gelatin‐sponge groups. In addition, the index of glomerular sclerosis was significantly lesser in scaffold‐grafted groups, and, the accumulation of collagen III and collagen IV decreased in scaffold‐grafted groups on week 6, 8, 12 compared with gelatin‐sponge groups. Moreover, DC scaffolds enhanced the expression of CD133 on week 2, 6, 8, 12. In conclusion, DC kidney scaffold altered the healing response after 5/6 nephrectomy and ameliorated renal injury to some degree. Therefore, DC kidney scaffold could be a promising therapeutic method on CRF.
Relative expression of proinflammatory molecules in COVID‐19 patients who manifested disease severities
Authors: Nigar Shireen , Shah SM Tanjil , Setu Md Ali Ahasan , Dip Sourav Dutta , Ibnat Habiba , Islam M. Touhidul , Akter Selina , Jahid Iqbal Kabir , Hossain M. Anwar
Published: June 2021

Aggressive immune response, due to overexpressed proinflammatory molecules, has been characterized in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients. Some of those mediators have a dual and opposite role on immune systems at play behind differential disease severities. We investigated the expression of some cytokines and chemokines in COVID‐19 patients in Bangladesh. We diagnosed the patients by detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA in nasal swab samples by the real‐time RT‐PCR method. Thirty adult patients were preselected based on their disease severities and grouped into mild, moderate, and severe cases. Nine healthy volunteers participated in this study as a control. Relative expression of nine cytokines/chemokine in total leukocytes was semi‐quantified in SYBRgreen‐based real‐time quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We performed statistical tests on transformed log data using SPSS 24.0. At the onset of symptoms (Day 1), angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (p < 0.05) and interleukin (IL)‐6 (p > 0.05) were upregulated in all COVID‐19 groups, although the expression levels did not significantly correlate with disease severities. However, expressions of IL‐6, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1, macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), and ACE2, on Day 14, were positively correlated with disease severities. Relative viral load at Day 1 showed no significant correlation with cytokine expression but had a significant positive correlation with RANTES and ACE2 expression on Day 14 (p < 0.05). Male patients had a higher level of IL‐6 than female patients on Day 1 (p < 0.05). All COVID‐19 patients showed upregulated cytokines and chemokines on Day 14 compared to Day 1 except TNF‐α. Female patients had a higher expression of ACE2 and IL‐12 on Day 14. Upregulated cytokines/chemokines at the convalescent stage, especially IL‐6, may help in targeting anticytokine therapy in post‐COVID‐19 patients' management.
Longitudinal detection of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibody responses with different serological methods
Authors: Emmerich Petra , von Possel Ronald , Hemmer Christoph Josef , Fritzsche Carlos , Geerdes‐Fenge Hilte , Menge Babett , Messing Claudia , Borchardt‐Lohölter Viola , Deschermeier Christina , Steinhagen Katja
Published: June 2021

Serological testing for anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) antibodies is used to detect ongoing or past SARS‐CoV‐2 infections. To study the kinetics of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies and to assess the diagnostic performances of eight serological assays, we used 129 serum samples collected on known days post symptom onset (dpso) from 42 patients with polymerase chain reaction‐confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and 54 serum samples from healthy blood donors, and children infected with seasonal coronaviruses. The sera were analyzed for the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence testing (IIFT) based on SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected cells. They were further tested for antibodies against the S1 domain of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein (IgG, IgA) and against the viral nucleocapsid protein (IgG, IgM) using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. The assay specificities were 94.4%–100%. The sensitivities varied largely between assays, reflecting their respective purposes. The sensitivities of IgA and IgM assays were the highest between 11 and 20 dpso, whereas the sensitivities of IgG assays peaked between 20 and 60 dpso. IIFT showed the highest sensitivities due to the use of the whole SARS‐CoV‐2 as substrate and provided information on whether or not the individual has been infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays provided further information about both the prevalence and concentration of specific antibodies against selected antigens of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Inhibitory effect on SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of neferine by blocking Ca2+‐dependent membrane fusion
Authors: Yang Yang , Yang Peng , Huang Cong , Wu Yuming , Zhou Zhe , Wang Xuejun , Wang Shengqi
Published: June 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has focused attention on the need to develop effective therapeutics against the causative pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), and also against other pathogenic coronaviruses. In this study, we report on a kind of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, neferine, as a pan‐coronavirus entry inhibitor. Neferine effectively protected HEK293/hACE2 and HuH7 cell lines from infection by different coronaviruses pseudovirus particles (SARS‐CoV‐2, SARS‐CoV‐2 [D614G, N501Y/D614G, 501Y.V1, 501Y.V2, 501Y.V3 variants], SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV) in vitro, with median effect concentration (EC50) of 0.13–0.41 μM. Neferine blocked host calcium channels, thus inhibiting Ca2+‐dependent membrane fusion and suppressing virus entry. This study provides experimental data to support the fact that neferine may be a promising lead for pan‐coronaviruses therapeutic drug development.
Sophorolipid Reduces Bitter Taste in Humans In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Ozdener Mehmet Hakan , Spielman Andrew I. , Wise Paul M.
Published: June 2021

Bitter taste warns us against ingesting toxic chemicals but can also discourage consumption of healthful nutrients and prescribed medications. Thus, discovery of ingredients to reduce bitterness is an important research priority. The potential bitter‐taste‐blocking effect of sophorolipids has recently been reported. Sophorolipids are biosurfactant glycolipids normally synthesized via yeast fermentation. In the current experiments, the effect of sophorolipid on bitter taste was evaluated using both cultured human taste papillae (HBO) cells and in vivo sensory experiments with human tasters. Sophorolipids significantly reduced responses of HBO cells to a mixture of diverse bitter compounds. Human participants rated the bitterness of a mixture of diverse bitter compounds as less intensely bitter both after prerinsing with a sophorolipid solution and when sophorolipids were added to the mixture. Taken together, these results suggest that sophorolipids may reduce perceived bitterness in humans, at least in part by acting on peripheral mechanisms. Although further work is needed to confirm these findings and determine the exact mechanism(s) of action, thus far sophorolipids show promise as candidate ingredients to reduce bitterness.
Use of the abrasion technique in minimal processing as an alternative to increase purchase acceptability and minimize browning in yam
Authors: dos Santos Morais Maria Aparecida , Fonseca Kelem Silva , de Medeiros Rosilene Alves , de Andrada Lucas Vinícius Pierre , Saraiva Rogério de Aquino , Ferreira‐Silva Sérgio Luiz , Alves de Lima André Luiz , do Nascimento Simões Adriano
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

The present study investigated the sensory acceptance, oxidative damage and protection, and possible anatomical‐structural damage of cells from the surface of shapes of minimally processed yam. The tubers were minimally processed into thepeeled rondelle,diceand ‘chateau cut’ (chateau) shapes, the latter of which was obtained after performing the abrasion technique. Control treatment corresponded to the rondelle shape with the periderm. The pieces were kept packed at 5 ± 2 °C for 14 days.

RESULTS

Peeled rondelleandchateauwere sensorially the most well‐accepted yam shapes and achieved the highest purchase intention. The enzymes were partially modulated by the detected H2O2levels. Oxidative burst lasted longer in the minimally processed tissues than in the control. Polyphenol oxidase activity showed a clear difference in behavior between the minimally processed pieces and the control. Minimal processing induced transient increases in phenolic compounds, for which the expression was lowest in the abraded pieces. On the other hand, these pieces exhibited greater cell collapse on the surface of the amyliferous parenchyma.

CONCLUSION

Based on the results of the trained panel, the abrasion technique is an alternative to provide shapes that are better accepted and marketable, more resistant to browning, and can be stored for up to 12 days. Resistance to browning may be related to a more efficient modulation of enzymatic antioxidant systems and intense deposition of cell debris on the surface of the amyliferous parenchyma. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Exponential stabilization of a microbeam system with a boundary or distributed time delay
Authors: Feng Baowei , Chentouf Boumediène
Published: June 2021

This paper addresses the stabilization problem of a microscale beam system subject to a delay. Several situations are considered depending whether the delay occurs as a boundary or interior/distributed term. In both cases, the microbeam system is shown to be well posed in the sense of semigroups theory of linear operators. More importantly, using the energy method, the exponential stability is established as long as the parameter of the delay term is small.
On a variational problem due to the B‐Darboux frame in Euclidean 3‐space
Authors: Dede Mustafa , Çimdiker Aslan Muradiye , Ekici Cumali
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we introduce a new frame which is called the B‐Darboux frame on a surface in Euclidean 3‐space. We know that the parallel transport frame is derived from the Frenet frame along a space curve on a surface. Analogously, we derive the B‐Darboux frame from the Darboux frame along a space curve on a surface in Euclidean 3‐space. Then, we obtain the intrinsic equations due to the B‐Darboux frame for a generalized relaxed elastic line on an oriented surface and give some applications of this obtained results in Euclidean 3‐space.
Propionate and Butyrate Produced by Gut Microbiota after Probiotic Supplementation Attenuate Lung Metastasis of Melanoma Cells in Mice
Authors: Chen Lili , Zhou Xinyu , Wang Yawei , Wang Dake , Ke Yueshuang , Zeng Xianlu
Published: June 2021

Scope

The beneficial effects of probiotics in reducing gastrointestinal inflammation and in preventing colorectal cancer have been reported, but the mechanism underlying the immunomodulatory effect of probiotics in inhibiting extra‐intestinal tumor progression remains unclear.

Methods and Results

This study shows that probiotic supplementation attenuate lung metastasis of melanoma cells in mice. Feeding mice with VSL#3 probiotics change the composition and proportion of gut microbiota. The changes in gut bacteria composition, such as in the abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Streptococcus, and Lachnoclostridium, are associated with the production of short‐chain fatty acids in the gut. The concentrations of propionate and butyrate are upregulated in gut and blood after feeding VSL#3, and the increase in propionate and butyrate levels promotes the expression of chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) in lung endothelial cells and the recruitment of T helper 17 (Th17) cells to the lungs via the CCL20/chemokine receptor 6 axis. The recruitment of Th17 cells decreases the number of tumor foci in lungs and attenuates the lung metastasis of melanoma cells in mice.

Conclusions

The results provide new information on the role and mechanisms of action of probiotics in attenuating extra‐intestinal tumor metastasis.
Trendbericht Technische Chemie 2021
Authors: de Haart Bert , Fantz Ursel , Hecimovic Ante , Schulz Andreas , Navarrete Munoz Alexander , Klumpp Michael
Published: June 2021

Um das Energiesystem nachhaltig zu machen, ist mehr erneuerbarer elektrischer Strom nötig. Er muss zudem für bislang stromentkoppelte Energiesektoren technisch nutzbar werden. Dementsprechend gibt es immer mehr Verfahren, die elektrische Energie in andere Energieformen umwandeln. Beispiele sind Hochtemperatur‐Ko‐Elektrolyse, Plasmaprozesse zur Aktivierung von H2O und CO2 sowie daran anschließende Synthesen von CH‐basierten Energieträgern.
Transvesical versus extravesical approach to laparoscopic posthysterectomy vesicovaginal fistula repair: A retrospective study from two medical centers
Authors: Zhou Peng , Deng Wen , Li Junhua , Pan Huixian , Wang Yanbin , Song Chen , Liu Weipeng , Fu Bin
Published: June 2021

Background

The controversy on the best surgical approach for vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) repair remains due to the scarcity of high‐level evidences. We aim to analyze the efficacy and safety of the laparoscopic transvesical (LT) and laparoscopic extravesical (LE) approaches to posthysterectomy VVF (PH‐VVF).

Methods

Data of 64 patients with PH‐VVFs who were laparoscopicly treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University and the Hangzhou Third Hospital from January 2011 to November 2019 were retrospectively collected. The operative time (OT), estimated bleeding volume (EBV), postoperative bladder function and complications, hospital stay length (HSL), surgery success rate, and recurrence were compared between the two groups.

Results

In all, there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between those two arms. Both approaches were successfully performed without open conversion in either group. The LT group was significantly corrected with a shorter mean OT than the LE group (p < 0.001), regardless of the fistula's position. No significant differences existed in the mean EBV and HSL between the two interventions (p = 0.136 and p = 0.210, respectively). The tendency of postoperative complications and success rates of surgery were also comparable in both groups. The patients in the LT group had similar bladder functions to those in LE group. The recurrence occurred in one patient in each arm during the follow‐up periods of 12–36 months.

Conclusions

The LT approach is significantly related to a shorter OT than the LE approach without compromising the safety and success rates in repairing PH‐VVF.
Synthesis, structure, Hirshfeld surface, DFT, and molecular docking studies of a new organic cocrystal: creatinine:2,3‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid
Authors: Matheswari P. Pon , Asha R. Nandini , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Nayagam B. Ravindran Durai
Published: June 2021

A new cocrystal (CR:2,3PDCA) of creatinine (CR) with 2,3‐pyridine dicarboxylic acid (2,3PDCA) was grown by slow evaporation method, and its crystal structure was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis. The cocrystal was found to be triclinic with space group P‐1 and lattice parameters a = 7.3610(7) Å, b = 8.7813(9) Å, and C = 9.4173(10) Å. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds, namely, N‐H…N and C‐O…H‐N interactions, together play a major role in stabilizing the cocrystal. Further, the molecular interactions in the crystal structure were analyzed by considering short contacts and intermolecular contactsusing Hirshfeld surface methods. Furthermore, the coordinates of cocrystal were obtained by DFT calculations using the B3LYP method with a 6‐311++G (d,p) basis set. Besides this, other molecular properties such as frontier molecular orbital, HOMO‐LUMO energies, and Mulliken charge analysis were also reported. Furthermore, a molecular docking study was performed to study the anti‐inflammatory property of the cocrystal using the Auto‐Dock vina program by investigating the binding patterns of the synthesized cocrystal into a 1R35 inhibitor. In vitro anti‐microbial activities against some bacterial and fungal strains were also investigated.
Quality retention and shelf‐life prolongation of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) under different cool storage systems with passive modified atmosphere bulk packaging
Authors: Kaur Preetinder , Devgan Kirandeep , Kumar Nitin , Kaur Amrit , Kumar Mahesh , Sandhu Kanchan
Published: June 2021

Storage plays an important role in maintaining the post‐harvest shelf life of fresh fruits and vegetables. Cool storage of perishables is costly due to higher energy input. So, to reduce the operating cost and minimize the postharvest loss, a low‐cost on‐farm storage structure is required, especially in tropical developing nations. In this study, the effectiveness of different cool storage systems was validated by conducting shelf‐life studies on freshly harvested seedless cucumbers with (LDPE bags; 37.5‐μm thickness) and without packaging (open plastic crates) under ambient (25.0 ± 8°C; 55 ± 14% RH), cool storage (10.0°C; 90 ± 5% RH), and evaporative cool storage (ECS) systems (19 ± 3°C; 82.0 ± 9% RH). The shelf life and quality of cucumbers were determined based on weight loss, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, firmness, and total colour difference. Analysis of the data revealed that the effect of storage conditions and packaging on shelf life and quality was significant (p ≤ 0.05). It was found that the samples packaged in LDPE films had better firmness and lower weight loss as compared with unpackaged samples. Adoption of the evaporative cooling system helped in achieving temperatures of 8–10°C lower than the ambient depending on the environmental parameters. The relative humidity of the evaporative cooling system ranged from 75% to 90%, which is highly suited for the storage of fruits and vegetables. Although the shelf life of cucumbers was longer under cool storage (24 days), ECS could be used as an alternative for low‐cost on‐farm short‐term storage of fresh fruits and vegetables before marketing.
Growth, crystal structure, thermal, spectral studies and density functional theory computational analysis of an organic nonlinear optical crystal: 2‐{3‐[2‐(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)vinyl]‐5,5‐dimethylcyclohex‐2‐enylidene}‐malonitrile
Authors: Boomadevi Shanmugam , Ramachandran Mohanraj , Balamurugan Karuppannan , Nayak Dipali , Thangavel Rajalingam , Pandiyan Krishnamoorthy , Anandan Sambandam , Sastikumar Dilibabu
Published: June 2021

We report on synthesis, growth and characterization of an organic nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal 2‐{3‐[2‐(4‐dimethylaminophenylvinyl]‐5,5‐dimethylcyclohex‐2‐enylidene}‐malonitrile (DAT2). The functional groups are identified by 1H‐NMR. Large size single crystal of DAT2 of size 1.2 × 0.5 × 0.2 cm3 is grown for the first time using solution growth technique. The physicochemical properties of DAT2 crystal such as crystal structure, melting point, optical reflectance and photoluminescence are studied experimentally. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis is employed to study the band structure, optical and electronic properties of DAT2. The theoretical bandgap was compared with the experimental one. LDA approximation has been used to compare the GGA results.
Synthesis and In Vitro Anticancer Activities of New 1,4‐Disubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles Derivatives through Click Approach
Authors: Nipate Amol S. , Jadhav Chetan K. , Chate Asha V. , Deshmukh Tejshri R. , Sarkate Aniket P. , Gill Charansingh. H.
Published: June 2021

The synthesis of a new series 1‐(3‐methoxy‐4‐((1‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐yl)methoxy) phenyl)ethanone via click chemistry approach utilizing azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reactions is reported in this study. The structures of all newly synthesized compounds were analyzed by IR, NMR, and Mass spectral techniques. All the newly synthesized compounds were subjected to cytotoxicity assay against a panel of three human cancer cell lines (HepG2, A549, and MCF‐7) using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazole‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), to check in vitro anticancer activity. Compound 5 b was found to be the most potent anticancer agents with IC50 value 3.42 μM, 1.26 μM, and 5.96 μM against HepG2, A549, and MCF‐7 respectively. Among the tested compounds, 5 a and 5 q have shown notable anticancer activity as compared to the reference drug, Adriamycin
Ag@TiO2 as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for N2 Fixation to NH3 under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Li Xue , Cao Yang , Xu Tong , Luo Yonglan , Li Tingshuai , Zhao Haitao , Lu Siyu , Shi Xifeng , Asiri Abdullah M. , Hu Jianming , Liu Qian , Sun Xuping
Published: June 2021

With the use of traditional Haber‐Bosch N2 fixation, a huge amount of CO2 emission bring a huge burden to the environment. Electrochemical N2 reduction provides an environmental‐friendly and sustainable alternative to NH3 synthesis at ambient conditions. Herein, we report our recent experimental finding that Ag composited with TiO2 can greatly improve the N2 reduction reaction performance of TiO2 toward ambient conversion. In 0.1 M Na2SO4 (pH=7), such electrocatalyst achieves a large NH3 yield rate of 14.88 μg h−1 mg−1cat. with a Faradaic efficiency of 6.2 % at −0.70 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode. Besides, it also demonstrates high electrochemical and structural stability for NH3 generation.
From Single Metal to Bimetallic Sites: Enhanced Higher Hydrocarbons Yield of CO2 Hydrogenation over Bimetallic Catalysts
Authors: Cui Yu , Guo Lisheng , Gao Weizhe , Wang Kangzhou , Zhao Heng , He Yingluo , Zhang Peipei , Yang Guohui , Tsubaki Noritatsu
Published: June 2021

Massive CO2 emission has led to a series of ecological and environmental problems. Sustainable conversion and utilization of CO2 is one of the focuses of today‘s society. However, the inertness of CO2 molecules and weak chain growth ability limit the efficient utilization of CO2. Herein, different from conventional Fe‐based catalysts, a series of bimetallic catalysts (FeCo) were prepared to investigate the effects of cobalt species existence on catalytic yield of CO2 hydrogenation. The existence of cobalt promotes the formation of small‐size iron carbides. Meanwhile, a suitable surface composition of Co (2.4 at. %) and Fe (7.4 at. %) element is helpful to promote the selective generation of C2+ products, thus presenting a high yield (Co/Fe@C‐8). This study can provide a systematic guidance to the utilization of high‐efficiently bimetallic catalysts for higher hydrocarbon formation with high yield from CO2.
Ethynylation of [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidinesUsing Substituted Ethynylmagnesium Bromides
Authors: Rasputin Nikolay A. , Demina Nadezhda S. , Zhilina Ekaterina F. , Averkov Maksim A. , Rusinov Gennady L. , Chupakhin Oleg N. , Charushin Valery N.
Published: June 2021

A series of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐cored push‐pull compounds, bearing ethynyl moieties, was effectively prepared using transition‐metal‐free strategy involving the direct C−H functionalization of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine scaffold with the Grignard‐Iocich reagents (ethynylmagnesium bromides). The basic optical and electrochemical properties of the synthesized derivatives were studied and gave grounds to consider the obtained compounds as promising UV dyes with high quantum yields.
Aqueous‐Phase Photocatalytic Degradation of Emerging Forever Chemical Contaminants
Authors: Kuhn John N. , Sokefun Yetunde Oluwatosin
Published: June 2021

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is an emerging area of catalysis increasingly fraught with pains caused by the battle between hype and real‐ world application. Inspired by abundant yet diffuse solar energy and applications such as clean water and energy, ample motivation has provided the background for this situation. However, substantial fundamental (e. g., charge transfer, recombination), engineering (e. g., observed rates, photon management), and practical barriers (e. g., use of precious metals, competing technologies) have limited implementation. In this review, these are all outlined, in conjunction with typical strategies for improvements, with an emphasis on the use of semiconductor photocatalysts for the degradation of emerging forever chemical contaminants in water. The selected classes of forever chemical contaminants are (micro)‐plastics, per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAs), siloxanes, and dioxanes. Each has been identified as a key or emerging contaminant and often travel widely while accumulating in the atmosphere due to the lack of natural remediation processes. Recommendations to the field and opportunities for contributions are highlighted throughout and as part of the outlook to the future.
Sub‐Thick Electrodes with Enhanced Transport Kinetics via In Situ Epitaxial Heterogeneous Interfaces for High Areal‐Capacity Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Shuhui , Huang Peng , Xiong Tuzhi , Yang Fang , Yang Hao , Huang Yongchao , Li Dong , Deng Jianqiu , Balogun M.‐Sadeeq (Jie Tang)
Published: June 2021

The ever‐growing portable electronics and electric vehicle draws the attention of scaling up of energy storage systems with high areal‐capacity. The concept of thick electrode designs has been used to improve the active mass loading toward achieving high overall energy density. However, the poor rate capabilities of electrode material owing to increasing electrode thickness significantly affect the rapid transportation of ionic and electron diffusion kinetics. Herein, a new concept named “sub‐thick electrodes” is successfully introduced to mitigate the Li‐ion storage performance of electrodes. This is achieved by using commercial nickel foam (NF) to develop a monolithic 3D with rich in situ heterogeneous interfaces anode (Cu3P‐Ni2P‐NiO, denoted NF‐CNNOP) to reinforce the adhesive force of the active materials on NF as well as contribute additional capacity to the electrode. The as‐prepared NF‐CNNOP electrode displays high reversible and rate areal capacities of 6.81 and 1.50 mAh cm−2 at 0.40 and 6.0 mA cm−2, respectively. The enhanced Li‐ion storage capability is attributed to the in situ interfacial engineering within the NiO, Ni2P, and Cu3P and the 3D consecutive electron conductive network. In addition, cyclic voltammetry, charge–discharge curves, and symmetric cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy consistently reveal improved pseudocapacitance with enhanced transports kinetics in this sub‐thick electrodes.
Simple, Economic, Ecofriendly Method to Extract Starch Nanoparticles from Potato Peel Waste for Biological Applications
Authors: Hasanin Mohamed S.
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, global strategies are focusing to decrease environmental waste loading that is developed with reuse or recycle waste products. Moreover, production of the high‐value product from waste is desired especially if these wastes were previously of zero value. In the current work, a green and simple method for extraction of the high‐value product (starch nanoparticles (StNPs)) from zero value waste (potato peel waste (PPW)) the accumulation of which harms the environment. Herein, a new simple method is carried out to prepare StNPs from PPW. The extraction of StNPs is carried out from PPW via simple alkali extraction followed by ultrasonic treatment. The produced StNPs are investigated using various analytical techniques. The antioxidant activity is assessed and shows promising results. In addition, the instrumental analyses confirm that the size of produced StNPs is about 50 nm with regular thin spherical shapes. The thermal stability is notable, as well as the amorphous structure in molecular level as well crystalline on the particle level. The DLS measurements affirm the high stability of StNPs in aqueous solution.
The price of curiosity: information recovery in de Sitter space
Authors: Aalsma Lars , Sybesma Watse
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Recent works have revealed that quantum extremal islands can contribute to the fine-grained entropy of black hole radiation reproducing the unitary Page curve. In this paper, we use these results to assess if an observer in de Sitter space can decode information hidden behind their cosmological horizon. By computing the fine-grained entropy of the Gibbons-Hawking radiation in a region where gravity is weak we find that this is possible, but the observer’s curiosity comes at a price. At the same time the island appears, which happens much earlier than the Page time, a singularity forms which the observer will eventually hit. We arrive at this conclusion by studying de Sitter space in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity. We emphasize the role of the observer collecting radiation, breaking the thermal equilibrium studied so far in the literature. By analytically solving for the backreacted geometry we show how an island appears in this out-of-equilibrium state.
Singular Dirichlet (p, q)-Equations
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Winkert Patrick
Published: June 2021

We consider a nonlinear Dirichlet problem driven by the (p, q)-Laplacian and with a reaction having the combined effects of a singular term and of a parametric$$(p-1)$$(p-1)-superlinear perturbation. We prove a bifurcation-type result describing the changes in the set of positive solutions as the parameter$$\lambda >0$$λ>0varies. Moreover, we prove the existence of a minimal positive solution$$u^*_\lambda $$uλ∗and study the monotonicity and continuity properties of the map$$\lambda \rightarrow u^*_\lambda $$λ→uλ∗.
History of the German-language ENT journals
Authors: Stasche Norbert , Bärmann Michael
Published: June 2021

In 1864, the worldwide oldest journal in an area of the later established specialty of otorhinolaryngology was founded as the German Archiv für Ohrenheilkunde (“Archive of Otology”) by its first editors Anton von Tröltsch (Würzburg), Adam Politzer (Vienna), and Hermann Schwartze (Halle/S.). Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) topics had previously been published in universal medical journals. In the next few decades, numerous journals in the field of ENT were founded, the eventful history of which is presented up to the present day. Particular attention is paid to the historical and personal context of the editors of newly founded magazines and their publishers. The journal landscape, which was changing through acquisitions and mergers of publishers, is described in detail. The merging of the specialties of otology and laryngo-rhinology in Germany, which lasted until the 1920s, had a profound influence on journal titles and contents. An attempt is made to present the most important titles in their historical development. All the important editors of the German ENT journals are mentioned, although it was not possible to include the names of the editors of the current journals, which are becoming more and more numerous. One chapter deals exclusively with the development of journal publishers. The inserted tables and figures will help to resolve some of the confusion caused by repeated similar names of journals by showing their historical development.
Tool wear and spring back analysis in orthogonal machining unidirectional CFRP with respect to tool geometry and fibre orientation
Authors: Seeholzer Lukas , Kneubühler Fabian , Grossenbacher Frank , Wegener Konrad
Published: June 2021

Machining abrasive carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) is characterised by extensive mechanical wear. In consequence, the cutting edge micro-geometry and thus the tool/material contact situation are continuously changing, which affects process forces and machining quality. As a conclusion, a fundamental understanding of the tool wear behaviour and its influencing factors is crucial in order to improve performance and lifetime of cutting tools. This paper focuses on a fundamental tool wear analysis of uncoated tungsten carbide cutting inserts with different combinations of fibre cutting angles and tool geometries. For this purpose, orthogonal machining experiments with unidirectional CFRP material are conducted, where the wear progression of the micro-geometry is investigated by means of five wear parameterslα,lγ,γ*,α*, andbc. For detecting the actual contact zone of the cutting edge and to measure the elastic spring back of the material, the flank face is marked via short pulsed laser processing. Furthermore, the process forces and the wear rate are measured. It is shown that the material loss due to wear clearly varies along the tool’s contact region and is highly dependent on the clearance angle and the fibre cutting angleΦ, while the influence of the tested rake angles is mostly negligible. Especially in machiningΦ=30° andΦ=60°, a strong elastic spring back is identified, which is more intense for smaller clearance angles. For all tested configurations, the material’s elastic spring back increases in intensity as wear progresses which, in combination with the decreasing clearance angle, is the main reason for high thrust forces.
An influence of slag refining on the structure and mechanical properties of the brass CuZn39Pb2
Authors: Jenek Mariusz , Schlafka Paweł
Published: June 2021

The results presented in the dissertation show the influence of a kind and concentration of the flux added during the process of the lead brass smelting on its structure, chemical composition and mechanical properties—hardness and strength. A positive refining, structure, mechanical properties, brass influence of the refining and modification process manifested in an improvement of mechanical properties as well as an increase of the structure, chemical composition and mechanical properties homogeneity in the entire volume of the ingot has been proven. The influence of the flux concentration on the structure and mechanical properties of the alloy was determined. The optimal flux concentration improving the tested properties was established.