bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of canine osteoarthritis using an owner‐reported questionnaire and treatment monitoring using functional mobility tests
Authors: Wright A. , Amodie D. M. , Cernicchiaro N. , Lascelles B. D. X. , Pavlock A. M. , Roberts C. , Bartram D. J.
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To investigate the diagnostic value of an owner‐completed canine osteoarthritis screening checklist to help identify previously undiagnosed osteoarthritis cases, and assess their response to carprofen treatment by monitoring pain and functional mobility.

Materials and Methods

Dogs (n=500) whose owners reported ≥1 positive response to the osteoarthritis checklist were examined to identify dogs with previously undiagnosed osteoarthritis. Eligible dogs (n=133) were evaluated for pain and video mobility analysis by Helsinki Chronic Pain Index and visual analogue scale scores, respectively, following carprofen treatment, administered for 30 days (n=95) or up to 120 days (n=38). Dogs were filmed at clinics performing activities (walking, jogging, sitting/lying, walking up and down stairs), and scored at days 0, 30 and 120 using visual analogue scale by an independent blinded expert.

Results

A diagnosis of osteoarthritis was confirmed by a veterinarian in 38% (188 of 500) of dogs. Balance of sensitivity and specificity across the original group of nine screening questions was optimised to approximately 88 and 71%, respectively, after elimination of three questions. Pain measured by Helsinki Chronic Pain Index and functional mobility improved over time in response to treatment with carprofen. Mean ability scores for activities significantly improved between days 0 and 30 for walking, jogging, sitting/lying and walking down stairs, and days 0 and 120 for sitting/lying and walking up stairs.

Clinical Significance

More osteoarthritis cases were identified in study dogs than previous prevalence estimates, indicating the screening checklist's potential to help identify for further evaluation cases that could otherwise remain undiagnosed. Improvements in function were demonstrated after carprofen treatment.
The Clinical value of brain‐gut behavioral therapies for functional esophageal disorders and symptoms
Authors: Luo Yuying , Keefer Laurie
Published: April 2022

Functional esophageal disorders (functional chest pain, functional heartburn, reflux hypersensitivity, globus, and functional dysphagia) are the disorders of gut‐brain interactions (DGBI) and present with esophageal symptoms not associated with a structural, major motility or underlying inflammatory condition. Notably, many patients with the latter conditions may still experience esophageal symptoms beyond what could be attributed to their underlying disorders. Esophageal visceral hypersensitivity and hypervigilance are the two pathways which drive functional esophageal disorders and symptoms. These functional esophageal symptoms may be severe, leaving patients with impaired quality of life and inadequate treatment outcomes. Neuromodulators are the foundation of the pharmacologic approach of many of the functional esophageal disorders and symptoms, modulating both peripheral and central hyperalgesia. There is also emerging evidence for brain‐gut behavioral therapies (BGBT) such as gut‐directed hypnotherapy and cognitive behavior therapy for the treatment of a variety of DGBIs. In this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Hurtte et al. add to the literature on the effectiveness of BGBT in treating functional esophageal symptoms, showing multimodal therapy with pharmacologic and non‐pharmacologic approaches led to improvement in health‐related quality of life. In this review, we outline the mechanistic underpinnings of BGBT and review the existing evidence for BGBT for functional esophageal disorders and symptoms. We also highlight the future research directions and challenges for scaling these therapies.
Unveiling environmental justice through open government data: Work in progress for most US states
Authors: Fusi Federica , Zhang Fengxiu , Liang Jiaqi
Published: April 2022

Open government data (OGD) are critical for environmental justice (EJ) policymaking, which is characterized by power and information asymmetries across government agencies, affected populations, and advocacy groups. We contend that not only should state governments provide OGD but also they should remove the burden associated with data access and use it to address the data divide and facilitate the participation of vulnerable populations in policymaking. Applying a user‐oriented approach, this article evaluates the completeness, usability, and accessibility of EJ‐OGD initiatives across the 50 US states. Results show that only one out of five states achieves at least half points on our EJ‐OGD Implementation Score, suggesting that most states do not provide OGD to answer two core EJ questions: “To what extent is my community exposed to environmental harm and health hazards? Is the exposure disproportionately high given my community's socioeconomic characteristics?” We discuss implications for equity and next steps for the government.
Welfare impact of asymmetric price transmission on rice consumers in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Chhiddikur , Pede Valerien O. , Balié Jean
Published: April 2022

This study investigates asymmetric price transmission (APT) in the rice market in Bangladesh using monthly price series at farm, wholesale, and retail levels from October 2005 to June 2017 in a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model (NARDL). The results indicate a significant asymmetric relationship across price at retail, wholesale, and farm levels in the long and short term. While wholesalers/millers benefit from the imperfect price transmission at the expense of farmers, retailers gain over wholesalers/millers. We find that the consumer surplus decreases from a price rise at the wholesale or farm level, but consumers do not enjoy a proportional increase in their surplus from a price reduction. The study reveals that the consumer welfare loss due to APT along the rice value chain of Bangladesh is equivalent to US$89.05 million per month. This estimated aggregate welfare loss requires both the attention of decision‐makers and corrective actions.
What “you” and “we” say about me: How small shifts in language reveal and empower fundamental shifts in perspective
Authors: Orvell Ariana , Gelman Susan A. , Kross Ethan
Published: April 2022

One of the most fundamental, yet often overlooked, components of language is the personal pronoun system. Pronouns reveal and empower different perspectives, providing insight into and even altering how a person is conceptualizing the self. Here, we illustrate how the pronouns “I,” “you,” and “we” can enable shifts in perspective that bring a person further from, or closer to, others. We additionally highlight the implications of these pronoun shifts on the addressee(s). We review a growing body of research that focuses on how these words can function as both windows—providing insight into the thoughts and emotions of a speaker, and levers—that can subtly alter the speaker's and addressee(s)’ thoughts, emotions, and even behaviors, across a range of domains. We conclude by discussing possibilities for future research.
Next‐generation sequencing identifies two novel HLA class II alleles, HLA‐DRB1*01:115 and HLA‐DRB1*14:224
Authors: Abu‐Khader Ahmad , Gareau Alison J. , Burns Caitlyn , Khan Faisal , Berka Noureddine
Published: April 2022

We identified two novel HLA class II alleles by NGS, HLA‐DRB1*01:115 and HLA‐DRB1*14:224.
Genealogía de una utopía
Authors: Vanderborght Yannick
Published: April 2022

La idea de la renta básica de ciudadanía no apareció de manera repentina en los últimos años. Esta se inscribe en una larga historia e inspira, después de mucho tiempo, a aquellas personas que reflexionan sobre los derechos sociales y sobre las formas más eficaces de hacer más justas nuestras sociedades.
Las políticas públicas apícolas del Estado argentino
Authors: MOUTEIRA MARÍA CECILIA , Basso Marilina Ines , Hang Hang
Published: April 2022

Las políticas públicas dirigidas al sector apícola argentino se apoyaron en una serie de regulaciones, como producto de las exigencias de los mercados internacionales, sometiendo a los productores adversas dificultades para alcanzar su cumplimiento. Es así que el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las intervenciones estatales argentinas, y cómo los diversos actores influyeron en los aportes a los contenidos sustanciales de las políticas implementadas. En el estudio de caso sobre las políticas públicas argentinas orientadas al sector apícola, se analizó la información recolectada mediante entrevistas a funcionarios, técnicos y productores responsables y/o partícipes del proceso integral de política. Del análisis se desprende que el Estado adquirió un papel activo en el desarrollo de políticas apícolas, evidenciándose en sus estructuras los condicionamientos ejercido por el proceso de globalización y la adhesión incuestionable a las exigencias internacionales. Esta situación se da en un entramado complejo donde la dominación de los mercados internacionales se articuló con un sector productivo atomizado, de baja capacidad de inversión, y un sistema comercial concentrado en un número reducido de exportadores, lo que asignó a la acción estatal un alto grado de conflicto y complejidad, y donde solo la participación de actores productivos y comerciales propiciaron la legitimidad de las acciones establecidas.
¿Para qué votar? Análisis comparativo de la incidencia de las consultas populares en Bolivia (2016) y Ecuador (2018) sobre el proceso de democratización
Authors: Jaramillo Jassir Mauricio
Published: April 2022

El artículo evidencia que en determinados casos las consultas populares sirven para la profundización de la democracia, a pesar de las críticas que las consideran como mecanismos cuya instrumentalización constituye una amenaza contra el Estado de derecho. Su inusitada frecuencia ha hecho pensar en que se trata de mecanismos de “juego a suma cero” donde los consensos no son posibles y se toman decisiones que, amparadas en el constituyente primario, ponen en entre dicho la democratización. Por el contrario, en el texto se demuestra que, en los casos concretos de Bolivia y Ecuador, como en otros de la zona andina, los referendos constitucionales, han servido para acelerar la democratización. El texto resulta de una investigación descriptiva-exploratoria sobre el correlato entre las consultas populares (variable independiente) y la democratización, así como la construcción inacabada del Estado-nación (variables dependientes).  De esta forma se comprueba que: a. la rigidez con la que se suele identificar a los regímenes presidenciales se debe relativizar en la práctica; b. es posible hallar consensos dentro de este tipo de consultas más allá de su resultado absoluto; y, c. los efectos de dichas consultas sobre la calidad de la democracia merecen una revisión.
Lamellae preparation for atomic-resolution STEM imaging from ion-beam-sensitive topological insulator crystals
Authors: Bake Abdulhakim , Zhao Weiyao , Mitchell David , Wang Xiaolin , Nancarrow Mitchell , Cortie David
Published: April 2022

Good specimen quality is a key factor in achieving successful scanning transmission electron microscope analysis. Thin and damage-free specimens are prerequisites for obtaining atomic-resolution imaging. Topological insulator single crystals and thin films in the chalcogenide family such as Sb2Te3 are sensitive to electron and ion beams. It is, therefore, challenging to prepare a lamella suitable for high-resolution imaging from these topological insulator materials using standard focused ion-beam instruments. We have developed a modified method to fabricate thin focused ion-beam (FIB) lamellae with minimal ion-beam damage and artifacts. The technique described in the current study enables the reliable preparation of high-quality transmission electron microscope (TEM) specimens necessary for studying ultra-thin surface regions. We have successfully demonstrated that the careful selection of FIB milling parameters at each stage minimizes the damage layer without the need for post-treatment.
Tri-branched gels: Rubbery materials with the lowest branching factor approach the ideal elastic limit
Authors: Fujiyabu Takeshi , Sakumichi Naoyuki , Katashima Takuya , Liu Chang , Mayumi Koichi , Chung Ung-il , Sakai Takamasa
Published: April 2022

Unlike hard materials such as metals and ceramics, rubbery materials can endure large deformations due to the large conformational degree of freedom of the cross-linked polymer network. However, the effect of the network’s branching factor on the ultimate mechanical properties has not yet been clarified. This study shows that tri-branching, which entails the lowest branching factor, results in a large elastic deformation near the theoretical upper bound. This ideal elastic limit is realized by reversible strain-induced crystallization, providing on-demand reinforcement. The enhanced reversible strain-induced crystallization is observed in the tri-branched and not in the tetra-branched network. A mathematical theory of structural rigidity is used to explain the difference in the chain orientation. Although tetra-branched polymers have been preferred since the development of vulcanization, these findings highlighting the merits of tri-branching will prompt a paradigm shift in the development of rubbery materials.
Discovery of electric devil’s staircase in perovskite antiferroelectric
Authors: Li Zhenqin , Fu Zhengqian , Cai Henghui , Hu Tengfei , Yu Ziyi , Luo Yue , Zhang Linlin , Yao Heliang , Chen Xuefeng , Zhang Shujun , Wang Genshui , Dong Xianlin , Xu Fangfang
Published: April 2022

The devil’s staircase, describing step-like function for two competing frequencies, is well known over a wide range of dynamic systems including Huyghens’ clocks, Josephson junction, and chemical reaction. In condensed matter physics, the devil’s staircase has been observed in spatially modulated structures, such as magnetic ordering. It draws widespread attentions because it plays a crucial role in the fascinating phenomena including phase-locking behaviors, commensurate-incommensurate phase transition, and spin-valve effect. Here, we report the observation of polymorphic phase transitions consisting of several steps in PbZrO
3
-based system—namely, electric devil’s staircase—originated from competing ferroelectric and antiferroelectric interactions. We fully characterize a specific electric dipole configuration by decomposing this competitive interaction in terms of basic structure and modulation function. Of particular interest is that the occurrence of many degenerate electric dipole configurations in devil’s staircase enables superior energy storage performance. These observations are of great significance for exploring more substantive magnetic-electric correspondence and engineering practical high-power antiferroelectric capacitors.
Did a 3800-year-old
M
w
~9.5 earthquake trigger major social disruption in the Atacama Desert?
Authors: Salazar Diego , Easton Gabriel , Goff James , Guendon Jean L. , González-Alfaro José , Andrade Pedro , Villagrán Ximena , Fuentes Mauricio , León Tomás , Abad Manuel , Izquierdo Tatiana , Power Ximena , Sitzia Luca , Álvarez Gabriel , Villalobos Angelo , Olguín Laura , Yrarrázaval Sebastián , González Gabriel , Flores Carola , Borie César , Castro Victoria , Campos Jaime
Published: April 2022

Early inhabitants along the hyperarid coastal Atacama Desert in northern Chile developed resilience strategies over 12,000 years, allowing these communities to effectively adapt to this extreme environment, including the impact of giant earthquakes and tsunamis. Here, we provide geoarchaeological evidence revealing a major tsunamigenic earthquake that severely affected prehistoric hunter-gatherer-fisher communities ~3800 years ago, causing an exceptional social disruption reflected in contemporary changes in archaeological sites and triggering resilient strategies along these coasts. Together with tsunami modeling results, we suggest that this event resulted from a ~1000-km-long megathrust rupture along the subduction contact of the Nazca and South American plates, highlighting the possibility of
M
w
~9.5 tsunamigenic earthquakes in northern Chile, one of the major seismic gaps of the planet. This emphasizes the necessity to account for long temporal scales to better understand the variability, social effects, and human responses favoring resilience to socionatural disasters.
Ionic communication for implantable bioelectronics
Authors: Zhao Zifang , Spyropoulos George D. , Cea Claudia , Gelinas Jennifer N. , Khodagholy Dion
Published: April 2022

Implanted bioelectronic devices require data transmission through tissue, but ionic conductivity and inhomogeneity of this medium complicate conventional communication approaches. Here, we introduce ionic communication (IC) that uses ions to effectively propagate megahertz-range signals. We demonstrate that IC operates by generating and sensing electrical potential energy within polarizable media. IC was tuned to transmit across a range of biologically relevant tissue depths. The radius of propagation was controlled to enable multiline parallel communication, and it did not interfere with concurrent use of other bioelectronics. We created a fully implantable IC-based neural interface device that acquired and noninvasively transmitted neurophysiologic data from freely moving rodents over a period of weeks with stability sufficient for isolation of action potentials from individual neurons. IC is a biologically based data communication that establishes long-term, high-fidelity interactions across intact tissue.
Ketohexokinase-mediated fructose metabolism is lost in hepatocellular carcinoma and can be leveraged for metabolic imaging
Authors: Tee Sui Seng , Kim Nathaniel , Cullen Quinlan , Eskandari Roozbeh , Mamakhanyan Arsen , Srouji Rami M. , Chirayil Rachel , Jeong Sangmoo , Shakiba Mojdeh , Kastenhuber Edward R. , Chen Shuibing , Sigel Carlie , Lowe Scott W. , Jarnagin William R. , Thompson Craig B. , Schietinger Andrea , Keshari Kayvan R.
Published: April 2022

The ability to break down fructose is dependent on ketohexokinase (KHK) that phosphorylates fructose to fructose-1-phosphate (F1P). We show that KHK expression is tightly controlled and limited to a small number of organs and is down-regulated in liver and intestinal cancer cells. Loss of fructose metabolism is also apparent in hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma (HCC) patient samples. KHK overexpression in liver cancer cells results in decreased fructose flux through glycolysis. We then developed a strategy to detect this metabolic switch in vivo using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Uniformly deuterating [2-
13
C]-fructose and dissolving in D
2
O increased its spin-lattice relaxation time (
T
1
) fivefold, enabling detection of F1P and its loss in models of HCC. In summary, we posit that in the liver, fructolysis to F1P is lost in the development of cancer and can be used as a biomarker of tissue function in the clinic using metabolic imaging.
Responses of the Soil Bacterial Community, Resistome, and Mobilome to a Decade of Annual Exposure to Macrolide Antibiotics
Authors: Brown Liam P. , Murray Roger , Scott Andrew , Tien Yuan-Ching , Lau Calvin Ho-Fung , Tai Vera , Topp Edward
Published: April 2022

Biosolids, produced from the treatment of sewage sludge, are rich in plant nutrients and are a valuable alternative to inorganic fertilizer when applied to agricultural soil. However, the use of biosolids in agriculture, which are frequently contaminated with pharmaceuticals, such as macrolide antibiotics, may pose a risk to human health by selecting for antibiotic resistance genes that could be transferred to plant-based food destined for human consumption.
Hydrazines as Substrates and Inhibitors of the Archaeal Ammonia Oxidation Pathway
Authors: Schatteman Arne , Wright Chloë L. , Crombie Andrew T. , Murrell J. Colin , Lehtovirta-Morley Laura E.
Published: April 2022

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are among the most numerous living organisms on Earth, and they play a pivotal role in the global biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. Despite this, little is known about the physiology and metabolism of AOA.
Keeping Students Connected and Engaged in a Wet-Lab Research Experience during a Time of Social Distancing via Mobile Devices and Video Conferencing Software
Authors: Shamoon-Pour Michel , Light Caitlin J. , Fegley Megan
Published: April 2022

Two major COVID-19 pandemic challenges presented for in-person instruction included adhering to social distancing guidelines and accommodating remote learners who were temporarily isolated or permanently participating from afar. At Binghamton University, our First-year Research Immersion (FRI) program was challenged with providing students with a wet lab course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE), an intense hands-on experience that emphasized student teamwork, lab protocol development, iteration, troubleshooting, and other elements of the scientific process that could not be replicated in a fully remote environment.
Proteome Expression and Survival Strategies of a Proteorhodopsin-ContainingVibrioStrain under Carbon and Nitrogen Limitation
Authors: Gallagher Gwendolyn E. , Waldbauer Jacob R.
Published: April 2022

Understanding the nutrient stress responses of proteorhodopsin-bearing microbes likeVibrio campbelliiyields insights into microbial contributions to nutrient cycling, lifestyles of emerging pathogens in aquatic environments, and protein-level adaptations implemented during times of nutrient limitation. In addition to its broad taxonomic and geographic prevalence, the physiological role of PR is diverse, so we developed a novel proteomics strategy to quantify its expression at the protein level.
Chronology protection implementation in analogue gravity
Authors: Barceló Carlos , Eguia Sánchez Jokin , García-Moreno Gerardo , Jannes Gil
Published: April 2022

Analogue gravity systems offer many insights into gravitational phenomena, both at the classical and at the semiclassical level. The existence of an underlying Minkowskian structure (or Galilean in the non-relativistic limit) in the laboratory has been argued to directly forbid the simulation of geometries with Closed Timelike Curves (CTCs) within analogue systems. We will show that this is not strictly the case. In principle, it is possible to simulate spacetimes with CTCs whenever this does not entail the presence of a chronological horizon separating regions with CTCs from regions that do not have CTCs. We find an Analogue-gravity Chronology protection mechanism very similar in spirit to Hawking’s Chronology Protection hypothesis. We identify the universal behaviour of analogue systems near the formation of such horizons and discuss the further implications that this analysis has from an emergent gravity perspective. Furthermore, we build explicit geometries containing CTCs, for instance spacetimes constructed from two warp-drive configurations, that might be useful for future analysis, both from a theoretical and an experimental point of view.
Disability and Intrahousehold Investment Decisions in Education: Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: LAMICHHANE KAMAL , TAKEDA TAKAKI
Published: April 2022

Investment disparity in the education of persons with disabilities may be larger on the part of parents, in part resulting from predicted lower returns to the investment due to mistaken beliefs about their capabilities, or actual lower returns due to barriers in the labor market. Using a nationally representative dataset from Bangladesh and utilizing the framework of the Engel curve, we investigate intrahousehold investment decisions in education between children with and without disabilities. The results of the hurdle model show the existence of disability bias in enrollment decisions, whereas individual-level analysis suggests that bias exists on educational expenditure after children with disabilities enroll in school. Additionally, though we observe a lower level of bargaining power among household heads on educational investments for their children with disabilities, interaction effects suggest the importance of greater income stability and maternal education status being instrumental to improving the education of persons with disabilities.
Full error analysis for the training of deep neural networks
Authors: Beck Christian , Jentzen Arnulf , Kuckuck Benno
Published: April 2022

Deep learning algorithms have been applied very successfully in recent years to a range of problems out of reach for classical solution paradigms. Nevertheless, there is no completely rigorous mathematical error and convergence analysis which explains the success of deep learning algorithms. The error of a deep learning algorithm can in many situations be decomposed into three parts, the approximation error, the generalization error, and the optimization error. In this work we estimate for a certain deep learning algorithm each of these three errors and combine these three error estimates to obtain an overall error analysis for the deep learning algorithm under consideration. In particular, we thereby establish convergence with a suitable convergence speed for the overall error of the deep learning algorithm under consideration. Our convergence speed analysis is far from optimal and the convergence speed that we establish is rather slow, increases exponentially in the dimensions, and, in particular, suffers from the curse of dimensionality. The main contribution of this work is, instead, to provide a full error analysis (i) which covers each of the three different sources of errors usually emerging in deep learning algorithms and (ii) which merges these three sources of errors into one overall error estimate for the considered deep learning algorithm.
Gradualizing the Calculus of Inductive Constructions
Authors: Lennon-Bertrand Meven , Maillard Kenji , Tabareau Nicolas , Tanter Éric
Published: April 2022

We investigate gradual variations on the Calculus of Inductive Construction (CIC) for swifter prototyping with imprecise types and terms. We observe, with a no-go theorem, a crucial trade-off between graduality and the key properties of normalization and closure of universes under dependent product that CIC enjoys. Beyond this Fire Triangle of Graduality, we explore the gradualization of CIC with three different compromises, each relaxing one edge of the Fire Triangle. We develop a parametrized presentation of Gradual CIC (GCIC) that encompasses all three variations, and develop their metatheory. We first present a bidirectional elaboration of GCIC to a dependently-typed cast calculus, CastCIC, which elucidates the interrelation between typing, conversion, and the gradual guarantees. We use a syntactic model of CastCIC to inform the design of a safe, confluent reduction, and establish, when applicable, normalization. We study the static and dynamic gradual guarantees as well as the stronger notion of graduality with embedding-projection pairs formulated by New and Ahmed, using appropriate semantic model constructions. This work informs and paves the way towards the development of malleable proof assistants and dependently-typed programming languages.
Height Optimized Tries
Authors: Binna Robert , Zangerle Eva , Pichl Martin , Specht Günther , Leis Viktor
Published: April 2022

We present the Height Optimized Trie (HOT), a fast and space-efficient in-memory index structure. The core algorithmic idea of HOT is to dynamically vary the number of bits considered at each node, which enables a consistently high fanout and thereby good cache efficiency. For a fixed maximum node fanout, the overall tree height is minimal and its structure is deterministically defined. Multiple carefully engineered node implementations using SIMD instructions or lightweight compression schemes provide compactness and fast search and optimize HOT structures for different usage scenarios. Our experiments, which use a wide variety of workloads and data sets, show that HOT outperforms other state-of-the-art index structures for string keys both in terms of search performance and memory footprint, while being competitive for integer keys.
Fold2Vec: Towards a Statement-Based Representation of Code for Code Comprehension
Authors: Bertolotti Francesco , Cazzola Walter
Published: April 2022

We introduce a novel approach to source code representation to be used in combination with neural networks. Such a representation is designed to permit the production of a continuous vector for each code statement. In particular, we present how the representation is produced in the case of Java source code. We test our representation for three tasks:code summarization,statement separation, andcode search. We compare with the state-of-the-artnon-autoregressiveandend-to-endmodels for these tasks. We conclude that all tasks benefit from the proposed representation to boost their performance in terms of F1-score, accuracy, and mean reciprocal rank, respectively. Moreover, we show how models trained on code summarization and models trained on statement separation can be combined to address methods with tangled responsibilities, meaning that these models can be used to detect code misconduct.
A Meta-theory for Big-step Semantics
Authors: Dagnino Francesco
Published: April 2022

It is well known that big-step semantics is not able to distinguish stuck and non-terminating computations. This is a strong limitation as it makes it very difficult to reason about properties involving infinite computations, such as type soundness, which cannot even be expressed.

We show that this issue is only apparent: the distinction between stuck and diverging computations is implicit in any big-step semantics and it just needs to be uncovered. To achieve this goal, we develop a systematic study of big-step semantics: we introduce an abstract definition of what a big-step semantics is, we define a notion of computation by formalizing the evaluation algorithm implicitly associated with any big-step semantics, and we show how to canonically extend a big-step semantics to characterize stuck and diverging computations.

Building on these notions, we describe a general proof technique to show that a predicate is sound, that is, it prevents stuck computation, with respect to a big-step semantics. One needs to check three properties relating the predicate and the semantics, and if they hold, the predicate is sound. The extended semantics is essential to establish this meta-logical result but is of no concerns to the user, who only needs to prove the three properties of the initial big-step semantics. Finally, we illustrate the technique by several examples, showing that it is applicable also in cases where subject reduction does not hold, and hence the standard technique for small-step semantics cannot be used.
Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of Tin Doped Copper Bismuthate for the Real Time Electrochemical Determination of Chloramphenicol in Real Samples
Authors: Kaleeswarran Periyannan , Nataraj Nandini , Chen Tse-Wei , Chen Shen-Ming , Arumugam Ayyakannu
Published: April 2022

In the present work, we investigated a one-step hydrothermal synthesis of copper bismuthate (CBO) and Sn doped (SCBO). The properties of CBO have been enriched by doping of Sn, which has been inclined to modify screen printed carbon electrode for the electrochemical determination of chloramphenicol (CMP). The dopant Sn with CBO was varied [(SCBO-1), (SCBO-5), (SCBO-10)] with comparison analysis done to choose highly conducting composite. The doping of Sn over CBO is highly a new strategy in detecting CMP which showed improved electrical conductivity with the dopant variation. Among, the different dopant variations, SCBO-5 demonstrated enhanced electrochemical response towards CMP when compared with the other dopant variations. Highly enriched actives sites at SCBO-5/SPCE resulted with a low detection limit of 0.007 μM and a sensitivity about 5.7 μAμM−1cm−2 with linear range of 0.09 μM to 475.73 μM. The decrease in particle size with improved surface area deliberately influenced the detection range and the sensitivity with improved electrochemical performances. The fabricated hybrid material with cost effective materials is highly significant over other high cost preparation materials. The substitution of Sn substantially increases both the electrical conductivity and electro catalytic activity of CBO which is strongly agreed by the electrochemical performance.
An Online Fully-Automatic High Precision Monitoring System of Steam Dryness Based on Spectral Absorption Characteristics
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang Yongliang , Zhang Jiejian , Guo Xiaoliang
Published: April 2022

Steam dryness detection is crucial in the field of oil exploitation. A steam dryness too high will be dangerous, whereas a low steam dryness too low will affect the efficiency of extraction. Therefore, real-time, high-precision detection of steam dryness is essential. The methods for detecting steam dryness include chemical, thermodynamic, radiometric, and microwave. The manual test method possesses the best detection accuracy. However, the real-time performance is not good, and the detection process is cumbersome. This article uses a silver nitrate solution to titrate chloride ions and combine them with the change in the absorbance of the solution to determine the endpoint of the titration. This article reported that the automatic chloride ion concentration measurement was a rep and that the detection of chloride ion concentration was 15 mg l−1. The detection linearity reached 0.992. Therefore, our titration endpoint judgment method has better anti-interference.
Mitigating Chemo-Mechanical Failure in Li-S Solid State Batteries with Compliant Cathodes
Authors: Ren Yuxun , Hortance Nicholas , Hatzell Kelsey B.
Published: April 2022

Solid-state sulfur cathodes based on inorganic sulfide solid electrolytes can enable energy-dense lithium batteries. However, volume changes and chemical decomposition can drive delamination and degradation during cycling. To overcome these challenges, this paper reports an in situ approach to encapsulate the solid-state sulfur cathode with a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). The GPE is covalently bonded with the sulfide solid electrolyte and acts as a barrier that suppresses chemical decomposition between the sulfide solid electrolyte and cathode active material. The elastic GPE maintains interfacial contact within the sulfur cathode allowing for greater sulfur utilization. The solid-state sulfur cathode with GPE demonstrates capacities nearing 700 mAh g−1 and capacity retention over 100 cycles.
Errors in the Activation Energy and Thermal Quenching Parameters When Evaluated from Quenched Thermoluminescence Glow Peaks Using the Various Heating Rates Method
Authors: Maghrabi Mufeed , Al-Reyahi Anas , Shaheen Adel , Khattari Ziad , Afaneh Feras
Published: April 2022

It is generally observed that the various heating rates (VHR) method overestimates the activation energy (E) when applied to quenched thermoluminescence (TL) peaks. Based on the analysis of numerically computed quenched TL peaks, we introduced an empirical expression that estimates the error in E. The expression correlates the error in E with the width of the peak, the luminescence efficiency and its first derivative at the lowest heating rate evaluated at the temperature of peak maximum. In addition, the expression accurately predicts the temperature shift of the peak maximum as a function of the heating rate. The VHR-based methods used to evaluate the quenching parameters (W and C) result in erroneous values. The source of error in the peak area-based method is the replacement of the unquenched peak area by the quenched peak area at the lowest heating rate as usually practiced in the literature. Accurate values of W and C were obtained when we modified the basic equation to include the luminescence efficiency at the lowest heating rate. On the other hand, we explicitly showed that the maximum intensity-based method used to evaluate these parameters is not suitable due to the lack of a reference point.
Perspective—Emergent Phases in Rare Earth Nickelate Heterostructure
Authors: Chakhalian J. , Middey S.
Published: April 2022

The prediction of high T

c
superconductivity in layers of LaNiO3 through orbital engineering has led to extensive research efforts over the last fifteen years. During this period, a plethora of thin films and heterostructures based rare-earth nickelate family with perovskite structure has been synthesized and explored. In this short perspective, we briefly review the complexity of bulk RENiO3, spotlighting several recent findings of emergent phenomena in heterostructures containing the interface between RENiO3 and another transition metal oxide. Finally, we outline potentially interesting future directions linked to time-domain dynamics to harness new Mott and topological phases in artificial structures of RENiO3.
Emerging role of syndecans in maintaining homeostasis of colon epithelium during inflammation
Authors: Hwang Jisun , Park Eunhye , Choi Yeong-Woo , Min Shinhye , Oh Eok-Soo
Published: April 2022

The syndecans are a family of transmembrane proteoglycans that are widespread in mammalian tissues. Located at the cell surface membrane, they contribute to modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix via glycosaminoglycan chains (GAGs) attached to their extracellular domains. Syndecans can interact with a variety of extracellular ligands through their core proteins and GAGs, and may also transmit signals through their transmembrane domain to regulate intracellular functions. These properties enable syndecan to modulate glycocalyx formation, epithelial cell-to-cell connections for cell barrier formation, and epithelial cell-lamina propria interactions in the colon epithelium, all of which are crucial for the homeostasis of this tissue. Inflammation induces structural alterations of the colon epithelium, and accumulating evidence suggests that syndecan expression might play important regulatory functions during inflammation. This review summarizes the possible roles of syndecans in maintaining tissue homeostasis in the colon epithelium, especially under inflammation.
Genetic connection of carotid atherosclerosis with coat color and body weight in an intercross between hyperlipidemic mouse strains
Authors: Chagari Bilhan , Shi Lisa J. , Dao Evelyn , An Alexander , Chen Mei-Hua , Bao Yongde , Shi Weibin
Published: April 2022

Atherosclerosis in the carotid artery is a major cause of ischemic stroke and has a strong genetic component. The aim of this study was to identify genetic factors contributing to carotid atherosclerosis. One hundred fifty-four female F2 mice were generated from an intercross between LP/J and BALB/cJ Apoe-null ( Apoe−/−) mice and fed 12 wk of Western diet. Atherosclerotic lesions, body weight, and coat color were measured and genotyping was performed using miniMUGA genotyping arrays. A significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome (Chr) 7, named Cath20, and five suggestive QTL on Chr 6, 12, 13, 15, and X were identified for carotid lesions. Three significant QTL, Bwfq2, Bw1n, Bwtq6, on Chr 2, 7, and 15 were identified for body weight. Two significant QTL, Chop2 and Albc2, on Chr 4 and 7 were identified for coat color, with Tyr, encoding tyrosinase, being the causal gene of Albc2. Cath20 overlapped with or was close to QTL Bw1n and Albc2 on Chr7. Carotid lesion sizes were significantly correlated with body weight and graded coat color in F2 mice. Cath20 on Chr7 disappeared after adjustment for coat color but remained after adjustment for body weight. Tyr was abundantly expressed in atherosclerotic lesions. These results demonstrate genetic connections of carotid atherosclerosis with body weight and coat color in hyperlipidemic mice and suggest a potential role for Tyr in carotid atherosclerosis.
Effect of Lactobacillus fermentum HFY06 Combined with Arabinoxylan on Reducing Lipid Accumulation in Mice Fed with High-Fat Diet
Authors: Li Fang , Huang Hui , Zhang Yu , Chen Hongjiang , Zhou Xianrong , He Yongpeng , Meng Xiao , Zhao Xin
Published: April 2022

In this experiment, a high-fat diet was used to induce hyperlipidemia in mice to determine the synergistic effect of AX and L. fermentum HFY06 on the prevention of hyperlipidemia and its potential regulatory mechanism. The results of this study showed that after the AX and L. fermentum HFY06 synergistic intervention, the body weight, epididymal fat index, blood lipid level, and liver function indexes of mice were improved. In addition, the synbiotics comprising AX and L. fermentum HFY06 increased the CAT activity in the serum of mice on a high-fat diet, reduced NO and MDA levels, and improved the body’s oxidative stress. From the perspective of molecular biology, on the one hand, AX and L. fermentum HFY06 synergistic intervention activated the AMPK pathway to regulate body lipid metabolism; up-regulated the mRNA expressions of CPT-1, PPAR-α, CYP7A1, and HSL; and down-regulated the mRNA expressions of ACC, C/EBPα, and LPL. On the other hand, the synergistic effect of AX and HFY06 enhanced the mRNA expressions of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 in the small intestine of mice, increased the strength of the intestinal barrier, and optimized the composition of the intestinal microbiota. From the above results, it can be concluded that AX and L. fermentum HFY06 have a synergistic effect in improving hyperlipidemia. However, this study was only performed using animal models, and the lipid synthesis and metabolism mechanism are complicated; hence, further clinical studies are needed.
A Novel Pathogenic Variant in the RDH5 Gene in a Patient with Fundus Albipunctatus and Severe Macular Atrophy
Authors: You Hyelin , Sierpina David
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To report a novel 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase gene (RDH5) variant discovered in a 57-year-old male with fundus albipunctatus (FA) complicated by severe macular atrophy. Methods. The patient was evaluated with a complete ophthalmic examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), color fundus photography, green wavelength fundus autofluorescence, visual field testing, full-field ERG (ffERG), and multifocal ERG (mfERG). Genetic analysis investigating gene variants involved in inherited retinal disorders was performed. Results. The patient presented with a rapid decline in visual acuity and a history of poor night vision. On fundoscopy, he exhibited a phenotype characteristic of FA accompanied by severe macular atrophy bilaterally. Heterozygous variants in the RDH5 gene were identified, including a novel missense variant, c.814_815del (p.Leu272Aspfs

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63), and a known pathogenic nonsense variant, c.160C > T (p.Arg54

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). Fundus autofluorescence demonstrated bull’s eye maculopathy and hyperautofluorescent perifoveal rings bilaterally. OCT showed foveal atrophy of the outer retina and scattered hyper-reflective lesions in the peripheral macula. The ffERG results showed a severely diminished scotopic and photopic response. The mfERG results demonstrated minimal response in the central macula. Conclusions. Fundus albipunctatus is a rare, congenital form of stationary night blindness caused almost exclusively by the RDH5 gene. This patient’s clinical presentation, diagnostic studies, and genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of FA. Additionally, he exhibited severe macular atrophy, not typically found in FA. Two RDH5 gene variants were identified, one of which is the novel variant, c.814_815del (p.Leu272Aspfs

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63). We suggest that this RDH5 genotype may be associated with a more progressive phenotype of FA contributing to macular atrophy.
A Real-Time Crowd Monitoring and Management System for Social Distance Classification and Healthcare Using Deep Learning
Authors: Yadav Sangeeta , Gulia Preeti , Gill Nasib Singh , Chatterjee Jyotir Moy
Published: April 2022

Coronavirus born COVID-19 disease has spread its roots in the whole world. It is primarily spread by physical contact. As a preventive measure, proper crowd monitoring and management systems are required to be installed in public places to limit sudden outbreaks and impart improved healthcare. The number of new infections can be significantly reduced by adopting social distancing measures earlier. Motivated by this notion, a real-time crowd monitoring and management system for social distance classification is proposed in this research paper. In the proposed system, people are segregated from the background using the YOLO v4 object detection technique, and then the detected people are tracked by bounding boxes using the Deepsort technique. This system significantly helps in COVID-19 prevention by social distance detection and classification in public places using surveillance images and videos captured by the cameras installed in these places. The performance of this system has been assessed using mean average precision (mAP) and frames per second (FPS) metrics. It has also been evaluated by deploying it on Jetson Nano, a low-cost embedded system. The observed results show its suitability for real-time deployment in public places for COVID-19 prevention by social distance monitoring and classification.
Information Reconstruction of Student Management Work Based on Association Rules Mining
Authors: Xiang Yong , Shuai Chun , Li Yin , Zhang Yutong
Published: April 2022

In recent years, as the country has paid more and more attention to the education, informatization of student management has become more and more important. This article aims to study how to reconstruct the informatization of student management which is based on association rule mining. This article mainly introduces association rule mining and student management informationization. Based on data mining, an algorithm for association rules is proposed, and the algorithm is used to mine student management informationization. From the data in the experiment, it can be seen that the efficiency of traditional student management is between 25% and 35%, whereas the efficiency of student management information based on association rules is between 64% and 72%. It can be seen that the efficiency of student management work combined with association rule mining is significantly higher than that of traditional management methods. From the data, we can see that in 2017, the development trend of colleges and universities adopting information management rose from about 5.4% to about 11%, and the development trend of colleges and universities adopting information management rose from about 7.5% to about 33% in 2018. In student management, the simplification of information can effectively improve the efficiency of student management, so the reconstruction of student management information based on association rule mining has become very important.
Routes Choice in the International Intermodal Networks under the Soft Time Window
Authors: Xiao Hong , Gong Hengjuan , Wang Xiaokun , Hang Bo
Published: April 2022

There are many transportation nodes in multimodal transport. It is more in line with the actual transportation situation to reasonably select the transportation mode from the perspective of the elastic constraint of arrival time. Considering the elastic constraint of arrival time, the soft time window factor is brought into the research of multimodal transport route optimization, the route optimization model is established, and the appropriate genetic algorithm is selected and designed to deal with it. So as to obtain the optimal transportation scheme of multimodal transport, multimodal transport system optimization involves many factors such as multimodal transport organization, policy, process, responsibility, coordination, and environment.