bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Youth Restiveness and Industrial Disruption in the Niger Delta
Authors: Snapps Oboreh J. , Hamilton Donald I.
Published: September 2021

We examine the incidence of youth restiveness in the Niger Delta and how this restiveness has affected industrial productivity. It is our opinion that the high rate of unemployment, environmental degradation, dislocation of the traditional economy and unfair revenue allocation are some of the factors that have given rise to youth restiveness in the Niger Delta. Government needs to pay special attention to the developmental needs of the Niger Delta through job creation and the enactment of environmentally friendly policies that will preserve its fragile ecology.
Dynamics of Poverty among Niger Delta Women An Empirical Assessment
Authors: Snapps Oboreh J.
Published: September 2021

This study examines the dynamics of poverty among the Niger Delta women of Nigeria with particular reference to the Isoko’s, Ijaws, and the Itsekeri ethnic nationalities. The data for the study were obtained from field survey of 450 households from three Local Government Areas of the study. The results obtained from the study shows that there is the existence of a widespread of poverty among the women of the area even when there is obvious oil companies’ economic activities. The study also shows that despite the various government policies and programs aimed at alleviating poverty, a greater proportion of women in the area do not benefit from such programs. The paper concluded by suggesting that the government should pursue a policy aimed at targeting the women of the study area and that the establishment of empowerment programs/ skill acquisition centers for women will be of immense benefit.
Effects of Warri Refinery Effluents on Water Quality from the Iffie River, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Atubi Augustus O.
Published: September 2021

This study examines the effects of Warri refinery effluent on the Iffie river and its environs. It asserts the nature of effluent released into the water body and also the effect of effluent on water quality. The data that were used in this research where generated from direct field measurement of pH, Conductivity, Total Hardness, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Turbidity, and heavy metal profiles (Mg, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cl, Cu, H2S, P) from the Iffie, Ubeji and Ughoton Rivers respectively. However, the Turbidity, Hydrogen Sulphide, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Copper, Chromium records in Iffie and Ubeji Rivers were found to be higher than the WHO and FEPA standards, thereby making the water in these areas not suitable for consumption. Based on the findings, recommendations were proffered.
Towards Real Pluralism in Economics An Introduction to the Proceedings Issue of the 2017 ICAPE Conference
Authors: Schneider Geoffrey E.
Published: September 2021

This paper describes the contributions made by the nine articles constituting this proceedings issue for the 2017 conference of the International Confederation of Associations for Pluralism in Economics (ICAPE). Following the descriptions of the articles, the paper identifies some common themes as a first step in finding the essence of modern pluralistic economics. Drawing on these papers and other key materials, the paper then offers an initial attempt at constructing 10 principles of pluralistic economics, and 2 principles regarding the economics profession. The paper concludes with a call for unity among pluralistic economists.
Developing Heterodox Economics Curriculum The case of John Jay College
Authors: Dhondt Geert L. ,   Université du Québec en Outaouais,   John Jay College, CUNY
Published: September 2021

This article seeks to be a contribution to heterodox teaching initiatives by focusing on curriculum building and institutional opportunities and constraints at John Jay College, the City University of New York. The article first focuses on the need for alternative curriculums in the context of the global crisis and the crisis of economics as a discipline. Then, after some historical context to John Jay College in which opportunities arose to develop a heterodox program, the focus is on the core of the current economics curriculum and its contrasts with the mainstream. Finally, there is a discussion of institutional constraints.
Marx’s Theory: Evolutionary or Revolutionary? An update of Gouldner’s statement on the distinction between Scientific Marxism and Critical Marxism
Authors: Muñoz Jesús
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this article in the field of the history of economic thought is to investigate from a scientific viewpoint whether Marx’s theory is evolutionary or revolutionary by analyzing some main texts of Marx such as The Capital, The German Ideology and The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. The idea to be hereby updated was first seen by this author in the book of Alvin Gouldner, The Two Marxisms. Contradictions and Anomalies in the Development of Theory (Gouldner, 1980). Gouldner confronts Scientific Marxism with its emphasis upon the laws of development against Critical Marxism stressing practice and critiques. This question has been addressed in some realms of non-Marxian economics as a critique of the scientific research programme of Marx and Engels. This is due to this is a fundamental Marx’s topic related to his method and to his use of dialectics in his quest for the overcoming of capitalism and ultimately for human emancipation. The result is that the ambiguity between both Marxist theories is related to the fastness of change and method, whereby Critical Marxism is nowadays more relevant. Section 1 is an introduction on the scientific problem at hand. Section 2 is about related problems. Section 3 is a brief analysis of key Marx’s texts. Section 4 updates Goldner’s insights. Section 5 gives open conclusions. References are listed at the end of the article.
Anatomy of Economic Activity There are Two Main Flows
Authors: Quinn Terrance
Published: September 2021

I draw attention to an economic theory discovered in the 1930’s by the Canadian scholar Bernard Lonergan (1904-1984). At the time, Lonergan was unable to find an economist to read his manuscripts. Eventually, however, his results were published in For a New Political Economy (Lonergan 1998); and Macroeconomic Dynamics: An Essay in Circulation Analysis (Lonergan, 1999), volumes 21 and 15 of the Collected Works of Bernard Lonergan. Volume 21 contains almost all of Lonergan’s typewritten work on economics prior to and including the 1944 Essay in Circulation Analysis. Lonergan’s theory, however, remains largely unknown to both orthodox and heterodox economics. Within the contemporary ethos, economic models typically are remote from actual economic activities in cities, towns and people’s lives. Lonergan’s theory, by contrast, begins with economic activities. It builds on a key observation that there are not just “firms and households” but two functionally distinct types of firm. Businesses can and often do function in both ways, depending on transactions. Orthodox economics has been causing great damage to world cultures and ecosystems. Attempts to merely adjust mainstream models have proven ineffective. Within heterodox economics there has been a growing interest in finding a viable alternative. This paper gives a brief introduction to the alternative provided by Bernard Lonergan’s two-flow theory. It is a theory that will ground the possibility of effective and humane strategies for local and global economies. Elements of this paper were originally presented at the International Confederation of Associations for Pluralism in Economics (ICAPE), January 4th, 2018, Drexel University in Philadelphia.
Keeping Class in the Conversation in the Age of the 1%
Authors: Dhondt Geert L. , Dufour Mathieu , Seda-Irizarry Ian J.
Published: September 2021

Ten years after the crisis and six after “we are the 99%” resounded in Zuccotti Park, income inequality is still a political issue in North America. However, the way inequality is conceptualised tends to blur important distinctions amongst the people concerned, notably distinctions based on class. As professors, we feel it is important to have class be part of the conversation about inequality. This article focuses on different ways we integrate class into introductory economics courses through discussion and exercises pertaining to the teaching of inequality, as well as intergenerational mobility, poverty, exploitation, alienation, and ultimately, the American Dream.
Extending the Harrod-Domar Model
Authors: Vandenberg Hendrik ,   Warren Wilson College
Published: September 2021

Warranted Growth with Immigration, Natural Environmental Constraints, and Technological Change
John Elliot: In Memory of a Classic Scholar
Authors: Day Richard H.
Published: September 2021

This tribute to John Elliott was given at a memorial service held at the University of Southern California in 2002.
Toward a Non-capitalist Market System: Practical Suggestions for Curing the Ills of Our Economic System
Authors: Fusari Angelo
Published: September 2021

The paper focuses on the reform of economic institutions –those of the market mechanism and the financial system, in particular. After introducing the analysis with an historical excursus on the development of economic institutions, the intent here is to propose significant modifications of the present market and financial establishments, which despite their radical flavour, will be shown to be, in fact, no less pragmatic than indispensable to cure the economic maladies of our age. Throughout the modern times, all spokesmen of powerful institutions –e.g., churches, governments and economic elites—have always been keen to recognize in principle that these bodies are never perfect, and that societies assuredly need to take a step back, so to speak, ponder things over and eventually improve them. This is exactly what we set out to do in these pages: namely, we wish to lay the foundation for such an analysis of market developments, and thereafter suggest the remedies
Understanding Global Capitalism Passive Revolution and Double Movement In the Era of Globalization
Authors: Xing Li ,   Aabourg University
Published: September 2021

This paper attempts to provide a framework for understanding the way globalization has reshaped the terrain and parameters of social, economic and political relations both at the national and global levels, and exerted pressure on the resiliency capacities of capitalism. It proposes to examine the ways social relations of domination and subordination are produced, reproduced and maintained while continuously undergoing transformations. Through conceptualizing the evolution of the capitalist world order in a historical perspective and by exploring the changes of relations brought about by the intensification of globalization since the 1990s, the objective is to generate a perspective for understanding such a process based on the application of Gramscian and Polanyian theoretical and analytical categories. The conclusion aims to convey that the process is contingent on both structures and agencies and it also produces the opposite result: i.e. reducing the legitimacy of capitalism’s hegemony and especially limiting its resilient capacities.
Professional Commitment and Work Life Quality Levels of Nurses
Authors: PEKEREN Merve , BAŞDAŞ Öznur
Published: September 2021

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the levels of and relationship between professional commitment and quality of work life of the nurses.

Method: 270 nurses, who worked at a university hospital and accepted to participate, were recruited to the study. The data were collected using the Introductory Characteristics Form, the Quality of Nursing Work Life Scale (QNWLS) and the Nursing Professional Commitment Scale (NPCS) during September-December 2017. Descriptive statistics, Independent t, Mann-Whitney U, One Way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis tests and Pearson Correlation analysis were used for the data analysis.

Results: It was found that total mean score of the Nursing Professional Commitment Scale was 69.93±12.54, and total mean score of the Quality of Nursing Work Life Scale was 104.53±17.38. It was determined that there was a positive correlation between the Nursing Professional Commitment Scale subscale and total scale scores and the Quality of Nursing Work Life Scale subscale and total scale scores (p
Hemşirelerin Sosyotropik Otonomik Kişilik Özellikleri ile Klinik Karar Vermeleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: AY Eda , KARAKURT Nurgül , KAVURAN Esin
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı hemşirelerin sosyotropik-otonomik kişilik özellikleri ve klinik karar verme düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir.

Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı türde olan bu araştırma Mayıs 2015- Temmuz 2015 tarihleri arası ülkenin doğusunda bulunan bir üniversite hastanesinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, ilgili hastanede belirtilen tarihler arasında görev yapan hemşireler oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 171 hemşire oluşturmuştur. Veriler “Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu” ve “Sosyotropi-Otonomi Ölçeği” ve “Hemşirelikte Klinik Karar Verme Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde yüzde, aritmetik ortalama ve korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Hemşirelerin sosyotropi ölçeğinden aldıkları puan ortalaması 55.2±16.1, otonomi ölçeğinden aldıkları puan ortalaması ise 67.6±19.5 olarak belirlenmiştir. Hemşirelikte Klinik Karar Verme Ölçeği puan ortalaması ise 125.1±21.8 olarak saptanmıştır. Hemşirelerin Hemşirelikte Klinik Karar Verme Ölçeği ile otonomi ölçeği ile pozitif yönde, onaylanmama kaygısı alt ölçeği arasında ise negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p
Analysis of Polarimetry Data with Angular Uncertainties
Authors: Marshall Herman L.
Published: September 2021

For a track based polarimeter, such as the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), the sensitivity to polarization depends on the modulation factor, which is a strong function of energy. In previous work, a likelihood method was developed that would account for this variation in order to estimate the minimum detectable polarization (MDP). That method essentially required that the position angles of individual events should be known precisely. In a separate work, however, it was shown that using a machine-learning method for measuring event tracks can generate track angle uncertainties, which can be used in the analysis. Here, the maximum likelihood method is used as a basis for revising the estimate of the MDP in a general way that can include uncertainties in event track position angles. The resultant MDP depends solely upon the distribution of track angle uncertainties present in the input data. Due to the physics of the IXPE detectors, it is possible to derive a simple relationship between these angular uncertainties and the energy-dependent modulation function as a step in the process.
What Determines the H i Gas Content in Galaxies? Morphological Dependence of the H i Gas Fraction across the M
*–SFR Plane
Authors: Namiki Shgieru V. , Koyama Yusei , Koyama Shuhei , Yamashita Takuji , Hayashi Masao , Haynes Martha P. , Shimakawa Rhythm , Onodera Masato
Published: September 2021

We perform a stacking analysis of the H i spectra from the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA survey for optically selected local galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to study the average gas fraction of galaxies at fixed stellar mass (M
*) and star formation rate (SFR). We first confirm that the average gas fraction strongly depends on the stellar mass and SFR of host galaxies; massive galaxies tend to have a lower gas fraction, and actively star-forming galaxies show a higher gas fraction, which is consistent with many previous studies. Then we investigate the morphological dependence of the H i gas mass fraction at fixed M
* and SFR to minimize the effects of these parameters. We use three morphological classifications based on parametric indicator (Sérsic index), nonparametric indicator (C-index), and visual inspection (smoothness from the Galaxy Zoo 2 project) on the optical image. We find that there is no significant morphological dependence of the H i gas mass fraction at fixed M
* and SFR when we use the C-index. In comparison, there exists a hint of diminishment in the H i gas mass fraction for “smooth” galaxies compared with “nonsmooth” galaxies. We find that the visual smoothness is sensitive to the existence of small-scale structures in a galaxy. Our result suggests that even at fixed M
* and SFR, the presence of such small-scale structures (seen in the optical image) is linked to their total H i gas content.
X-Ray Observations of 1ES 1959+650 in Its High-activity State in 2016–2017 with AstroSat and Swift
Authors: Chandra Sunil , Boettcher Markus , Goswami Pranjupriya , Singh Kulinder Pal , Zacharias Michael , Kaur Navpreet , Bhattacharyya Sudip , Ganesh Shashikiran , Dorner Daniela
Published: September 2021

We present a comprehensive multifrequency study of the high-frequency-peaked BL Lac object 1ES 1959+650 using data from various facilities during the period 2016–2017, including X-ray data from AstroSat and Swift during the historically high X-ray flux state of the source observed until 2021 February. The unprecedented quality of X-ray data from high-cadence monitoring with AstroSat during 2016–2017 enables us to establish a detailed description of X-ray flares in 1ES 1959+650. The synchrotron peak shifts significantly between different flux states, in a manner consistent with a geometric (changing Doppler factor) interpretation. A time-dependent leptonic diffusive shock acceleration and radiation transfer model is used to reproduce the spectral energy distributions and X-ray light curves, to provide insight into the particle acceleration during the major activity periods observed in 2016 and 2017. The extensive data of Swift-XRT from 2015 December to 2021 February (exp. = 411.3 ks) reveals a positive correlation between flux and peak position.
An Archival Search for Neutron-star Mergers in Gravitational Waves and Very-high-energy Gamma Rays
Authors: Adams C. B. , Benbow W. , Brill A. , Buckley J. H. , Capasso M. , Christiansen J. L. , Chromey A. J. , Daniel M. K. , Errando M. , Falcone A. , Farrell K. A. , Feng Q. , Finley J. P. , Fortson L. , Furniss A. , Gent A. , Giuri C. , Hanna D. , Hassan T. , Hervet O. , Holder J. , Hughes G. , Humensky T. B. , Jin W. , Kaaret P. , Kertzman M. , Kieda D. , Kumar S. , Lang M. J. , Lundy M. , Maier G. , McGrath C. E , Moriarty P. , Mukherjee R. , Nieto D. , Nievas-Rosillo M. , O’Brien S. , Ong R. A. , Otte A. N. , Park N. , Patel S. , Pfrang K. , Pohl M. , Prado R. R. , Pueschel E. , Quinn J. , Ragan K. , Reynolds P. T. , Ribeiro D. , Roache E. , Ryan J. L. , Santander M. , Sembroski G. H. , Shang R. , Weinstein A. , Williams D. A. , Williamson T. J. ,   (VERITAS Collaboration), Bartos I. , Corley K. R. , Márka S. , Márka Z. , Veske D. ,   (Columbia Experimental Gravity Group (GECo))
Published: September 2021

The recent discovery of electromagnetic signals in coincidence with neutron-star mergers has solidified the importance of multimessenger campaigns in studying the most energetic astrophysical events. Pioneering multimessenger observatories, such as LIGO/Virgo and IceCube, record many candidate signals below the detection significance threshold. These sub-threshold event candidates are promising targets for multimessenger studies, as the information provided by them may, when combined with contemporaneous gamma-ray observations, lead to significant detections. Here we describe a new method that uses such candidates to search for transient events using archival very-high-energy gamma-ray data from imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). We demonstrate the application of this method to sub-threshold binary neutron star (BNS) merger candidates identified in Advanced LIGO’s first observing run. We identify eight hours of archival VERITAS observations coincident with seven BNS merger candidates and search them for TeV emission. No gamma-ray emission is detected; we calculate upper limits on the integral flux and compare them to a short gamma-ray burst model. We anticipate this search method to serve as a starting point for IACT searches with future LIGO/Virgo data releases as well as in other sub-threshold studies for multimessenger transients, such as IceCube neutrinos. Furthermore, it can be deployed immediately with other current-generation IACTs, and has the potential for real-time use that places a minimal burden on experimental operations. Lastly, this method may serve as a pilot for studies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array, which has the potential to observe even larger fields of view in its divergent pointing mode.
Ionized Gas Outflows in Low-excitation Radio Galaxies Are Radiation Driven
Authors: Singha M. , O’Dea C. P. , Gordon Y. A. , Lawlor-Forsyth C. , Baum S. A.
Published: September 2021

Low-excitation radio galaxies (LERGs) are weakly accreting active galactic nuclei (AGNs) believed to be fueled by radiatively inefficient accretion processes. Despite this, recent works have shown evidence for ionized and neutral hydrogen gas outflows in these galaxies. To investigate the potential drivers of such outflows, we select a sample of 802 LERGs using the Best & Heckman (2012) catalog of radio galaxies. By modeling the [O iii] λ5007 profile in Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectra of a sample of 802 LERGs, we determine that the ionized outflows are present in ∼1.5% of the population. Using 1.4 GHz imaging from the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters survey we analyze the radio morphology of LERGs with outflows and find these to be consistent with the parent LERG population. However, we note that unlike the majority of the LERG population, those LERGs showing outflows have Eddington-scaled accretion rates close to 1%. This is indicative that ionized outflows in LERGs are driven by the radiation pressure from the accretion disk of the AGN rather than the radio jets. We report specific star formation rates in the range of 10−12 < sSFR < 10−9 yr−1. Moreover, we observe higher mass outflow rates, 7–150 M
☉ yr−1, for these LERGs than luminous quasars for a given bolometric luminosity, which could possibly be due to the radio source in LERGs boosting the mass loading. This scenario could indicate that these outflows could potentially drive feedback in LERGs.
Fast-transient Searches in Real Time with ZTFReST: Identification of Three Optically Discovered Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows and New Constraints on the Kilonova Rate
Authors: Andreoni Igor , Coughlin Michael W. , Kool Erik C. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Kumar Harsh , Bhalerao Varun , Carracedo Ana Sagués , Ho Anna Y. Q. , Pang Peter T. H. , Saraogi Divita , Sharma Kritti , Shenoy Vedant , Burns Eric , Ahumada Tomás , Anand Shreya , Singer Leo P. , Perley Daniel A. , De Kishalay , Fremling U. C. , Bellm Eric C. , Bulla Mattia , Crellin-Quick Arien , Dietrich Tim , Drake Andrew , Duev Dmitry A. , Goobar Ariel , Graham Matthew J. , Kaplan David L. , Kulkarni S. R. , Laher Russ R. , Mahabal Ashish A. , Shupe David L. , Sollerman Jesper , Walters Richard , Yao Yuhan
Published: September 2021

The most common way to discover extragalactic fast transients, which fade within a few nights in the optical, is via follow-up of gamma-ray burst and gravitational-wave triggers. However, wide-field surveys have the potential to identify rapidly fading transients independently of such external triggers. The volumetric survey speed of the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) makes it sensitive to objects as faint and fast fading as kilonovae, the optical counterparts to binary neutron star mergers, out to almost 200 Mpc. We introduce an open-source software infrastructure, the ZTF REaltime Search and Triggering, ZTFReST, designed to identify kilonovae and fast transients in ZTF data. Using the ZTF alert stream combined with forced point-spread-function photometry, we have implemented automated candidate ranking based on their photometric evolution and fitting to kilonova models. Automated triggering, with a human in the loop for monitoring, of follow-up systems has also been implemented. In 13 months of science validation, we found several extragalactic fast transients independently of any external trigger, including two supernovae with post-shock cooling emission, two known afterglows with an associated gamma-ray burst (ZTF20abbiixp, ZTF20abwysqy), two known afterglows without any known gamma-ray counterpart (ZTF20aajnksq, ZTF21aaeyldq), and three new fast-declining sources (ZTF20abtxwfx, ZTF20acozryr, ZTF21aagwbjr) that are likely associated with GRB200817A, GRB201103B, and GRB210204A. However, we have not found any objects that appear to be kilonovae. We constrain the rate of GW170817-like kilonovae to R < 900 Gpc−3 yr−1 (95% confidence). A framework such as ZTFReST could become a prime tool for kilonova and fast-transient discovery with the Vera Rubin Observatory.
Wind-powered Ultraluminous X-ray Sources
Authors: Wiktorowicz Grzegorz , Lasota Jean-Pierre , Belczynski Krzysztof , Lu Youjun , Liu Jifeng , Iłkiewicz Krystian
Published: September 2021

Although ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULX) are important for astrophysics because of their extreme apparent super-Eddington luminosities, their nature is still poorly known. Theoretical and observational studies suggest that ULXs could be a diversified group of objects that are composed of low-mass X-ray binaries, high-mass X-ray binaries and marginally also systems containing intermediate-mass black holes. Observational data on the ULX donors could significantly boost our understanding of these systems, but only a few have been detected. There are several candidates, mostly red supergiants (RSGs), but surveys are typically biased toward luminous near-infrared objects. In ULXs harbouring RSGs matter accreted onto the compact body would have to be provided by the stellar wind of the companion because a Roche-lobe overflow could be unstable for relevant mass-ratios. We present a comprehensive study of the evolution and population of wind-fed ULXs, and we provide a theoretical support for the link between RSGs and ULXs. Assuming a minimal model of stellar-wind emission, our estimated upper limit on contribution of wind-fed ULX to the overall ULX population is ∼75%–96% for young (<100 Myr) star-forming environments, ∼49%–87% for prolonged constant star formation (e.g., disk of Milky Way), and ≲1% for environments in which star formation ceased long time (>2 Gyr) ago. We show also that some wind-fed ULXs (up to 6%) may evolve into merging double compact objects (DCOs). We demonstrate that the exclusion of wind-fed ULXs from population studies of ULXs might have lead to systematic errors in their conclusions.
Observations of Bright Pulses from Pulsar B0031–07 at 4.82 GHz
Authors: Wen Z. G. , Yuen R. , Wang N. , Tu Z. Y. , Yan Z. , Yuan J. P. , Yan W. M. , Chen J. L. , Wang H. G. , Shen Z. Q. , Wang Z. , Yang W. J. , Duan X. F. , Zhang Y. F. , Wang Y. B. , Mao J. W.
Published: September 2021

We report on the detection of 146 (0.96%) bright pulses with a peak flux density >0.86 Jy from PSR B0031–07 in 4 hr of continuous observations made at 4.82 GHz, with a bandwidth of 1 GHz, using the Shanghai Tian Ma 65 m radio telescope. We find that the peak flux density distribution follows a power law with index α = −3.6 ± 0.2, while the pulse energy appears to follow a logarithmic normal distribution. The bright pulses from PSR B0031–07 were observed to repeat in an irregular fashion. The intervals between bright pulses can be described with an exponentiated Weibull distribution. Furthermore, the sensitive observations at higher frequency with a short time resolution of 65.54 μs form a reliable basis for detailed microstructure studies. Close inspection of the detected bright pulses reveals that 38 pulses exhibit well-defined quasi-periodicities. No unanimous period for the quasi-periodicities is found, and the peak flux density is independent of the micropulse width. Finally, possible physical mechanisms are discussed.
NICER Detection of Thermal X-Ray Pulsations from the Massive Millisecond Pulsars PSR J0740+6620 and PSR J1614–2230
Authors: Wolff Michael T. , Guillot Sebastien , Bogdanov Slavko , Ray Paul S. , Kerr Matthew , Arzoumanian Zaven , Gendreau Keith C. , Miller M. Coleman , Dittmann Alexander J. , Ho Wynn C. G. , Guillemot Lucas , Cognard Ismael , Theureau Gilles , Wood Kent S.
Published: September 2021

We report the detection of X-ray pulsations from the rotation-powered millisecond-period pulsars PSR J0740+6620 and PSR J1614−2230, two of the most massive neutron stars known, using observations with the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER). We also analyze X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton) data for both pulsars to obtain their time-averaged fluxes and study their respective X-ray fields. PSR J0740+6620 exhibits a broad double-peaked profile with a separation of ∼0.4 in phase. PSR J1614−2230, on the other hand, has a broad single-peak profile. We show the NICER detections of X-ray pulsations for both pulsars and also discuss the phase relationship to their radio pulsations. The XMM-Newton X-ray spectra of both pulsars shows they are thermally dominated but in the case of PSR J1614−2230 a weak nonthermal high energy tail appears to be present in the spectrum. The thermally dominated spectra along with broad modulations for both pulsars are indicative of thermal radiation from one or more small regions of the stellar surface. For PSR J0740+6620, this paper documents the data reduction performed to obtain the pulsation detection and prepare for pulse light curve modeling analysis.
Healthcare Workers Infection Rate in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019 - in Tertiary Teaching Hospital
Authors: Mohiedden Mona , Said Aml M. , Ali Ahmed M. , Abdel Razik Mohammed M. , Gad Maha Ali
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the frontline defense against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

AIM: The study aimed to describe the characteristics and appraise potential risk factors of COVID-19 transmission among HCWs who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in one of Cairo University Hospitals.

METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive analysis of confirmed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive versus negative cases for COVID-19.

RESULTS: Through March–June 2020, (145/846; 17%) suspected HCWs were tested for COVID-19 by PCR; out of them (70/145; 48.3%) were confirmed as positive, these positive cases represented (70/846; 8.3%) of all HCWs of the hospital. About 33% of confirmed COVID-19 positive HCWs acquired the infection from the healthcare while only (13/70; 19%) from community settings, and no clear exposure data were identified in (34/70; 48%) of cases. Most of symptomatic cases showed a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 versus asymptomatic cases, p < 0.001. There was no statistical significance regarding gender, age, presence of comorbidity, workload or the type of acquisition.

CONCLUSION: HCWs are at an increased risk of COVID-19 infection at the workplace. Strict implementation of infection control measures is of crucial role in preventing transmission of COVID-19 infection in health-care settings.
The Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) of the Comoros and Mayotte
Authors: Kaltenbach Thomas , Mary Nathalie , Gattolliat Jean-Luc
Published: September 2021

Material collected in 1974 during the Austrian Hydrobiological Mission of F. Starmühlner to the Comoros and during recent years by one of the authors (NM) in the course of an ongoing freshwater monitoring program in Mayotte is the basis of this first larger study of the mayfly family Baetidae in the Comoros Archipelago (Comoros, Mayotte). We identified eight different species using morphological characters, four species on both the Comoros and Mayotte, three species on the Comoros only and one species on Mayotte only. Two species, Dabulamanzia mayottensis sp. nov. and Nigrobaetis richardi sp. nov., are new to science; they are described and illustrated based on their nymphs. The nymph of Afroptilum bicorne (Ulmer, 1909) is described for the first time and its assignment to this species is discussed. The description of the previously endemic Malagasy species Potamocloeon (Aquaediva) freitagae (Gattolliat, 2001), is complemented based on the additional material from the Comoros and re-examination of the type material. A key to the nymphs of all species of Baetidae in the Comoros and Mayotte is provided and the biogeography of the family in this region is discussed.
Algorithms for connecting scientific names with literature in the Biodiversity Heritage Library via the Global Names Project and Catalogue of Life
Authors: Ower Geoffrey , Mozzherin Dmitry
Published: September 2021

Being able to quickly find and access original species descriptions is essential for efficiently conducting taxonomic research. Linking scientific name queries to the original species description is challenging and requires taxonomic intelligence because on average there are an estimated three scientific names associated with each currently accepted species, and many historical scientific names have fallen into disuse from being synonymized or forgotten. Additionally, non-standard usage of journal abbreviations can make it difficult to automatically disambiguate bibliographic citations and ascribe them to the correct publication. The largest open access resource for biodiversity literature is the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL), which was built by a consortium of natural history institutions and contains over 200,000 digitized volumes of natural history publications spanning hundreds of years of biological research. Catalogue of Life (CoL) is the largest aggregator of scientific names globally, publishing an annual checklist of currently accepted scientific names and their historical synonyms. TaxonWorks is an integrative web-based workbench that facilitates collaboration on biodiversity informatics research between scientists and developers. The Global Names project has been collaborating with BHL, TaxonWorks, and CoL to develop a Global Names Index that links all of these services together by finding scientific names in BHL and using the taxonomic intelligence provided by CoL to conveniently link directly to the page referenced in BHL. The Global Names Index is continuously updated as metadata is improved and digitization technologies advance to provide more accurate optical character recognition (OCR) of scanned texts. We developed an open source tool, “BHLnames,” and launched a restful application programming interface (API) service with a freely available Javascript widget that can be embedded on any website to link scientific names to literature citations in BHL. If no bibliographic citation is provided, the widget will link to the oldest name usage in BHL, which often is the original species description. The BHLnames widget can also be used to browse all mentions of a scientific name and its synonyms in BHL, which could make the tool more broadly useful for studying the natural history of any species.
Genomes on a Tree (GoaT): A centralized resource for eukaryotic genome sequencing initiatives
Authors: Sotero-Caio Cibele , Challis Richard , Kumar Sujai , Blaxter Mark
Published: September 2021

Genomic data are transforming our understanding of biodiversity and, under the umbrella of the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP - https://www.earthbiogenome.org), many initiatives seek to generate large numbers of reference genome sequences. The distributed nature of this work makes coordination essential to ensure optimal synergy between projects and to prevent duplication of effort. While public sequence databases hold data describing completed projects, there is currently no global source of information about projects in progress or planned. In addition, the scoping and delivery of sequencing projects benefits from prior estimates of genome size and karyotype, but existing data are scattered in the literature. To address these issues, the Tree of Life programme (https://www.sanger.ac.uk/programme/tree-of-life/) has developed Genomes on a Tree (GoaT), an ElasticSearch-powered, taxon-centred database that collates observed and estimated genome-relevant metadata—including genome sizes and karyotypes—for eukaryotic species. Missing values for individual species are estimated from phylogenetic comparison. GoaT also holds declarations of actual and planned activity, from priority lists and in-progress status, to submissions to the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC https://www.insdc.org/), across genome sequencing consortia. GoaT can be queried through a mature API (application programming interface), and we have developed a web front-end that includes data summary visualisations (see https://goat.genomehubs.org/). We are currently transitioning this service into the Tree of Life production pipeline. GoaT currently reports priority lists from the Darwin Tree of Life project (focussed on the biodiversity of Britain and Ireland). We are actively soliciting additional data concerning progress and intent from other projects so that GoaT displays a real-time summary of the state of play in reference genome sequencing, and thus facilitates collaboration and cooperation among projects. We are developing standard formats and procedures so that any project can make explicit its intent and progress. Cross referencing to other data systems such as the INSDC sequence databases, the BOLD DNA barcodes resource and Global Biodiversity Information Facility- and Open Tree of Life-related taxonomic and distribution databases will further enhance the system’s utility. We also seek to incorporate additional kinds of metadata, such as sex chromosome systems, to augment the utility of GoaT in supporting the global genome sequencing effort.
The role of resistin and its relation to other pathogenetic factors of the chronic kidney disease development
Authors: Gubina Nataliia , Kupnovytska Irina , Mishchuk Vasil , Hladka Nataliia
Published: September 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the leading cause of death from non-communicable diseases, and its prevalence in 2017 ranged from 8.5 to 9.8%. Depending on the stage of CKD, stage 1 was diagnosed in 3.5%, stage 2 in 3.2% and stage 3 in 7.6%, while stages 4 and 5 took place in 0.4 and 0.1% of the world’s population respectively. Obesity also contributes to the increase in the prevalence and severity of CKD, and their combination occurs in 3.1% of patients. Kidney damage and their structural and functional changes in patients with obesity are associated with high metabolic activity of adipose tissue, due to the synthesis of adipocytokines, including resistin.

The purpose of the work: to study changes of resistin level in the blood in patients with early stages of chronic kidney disease, its relation to the level of endothelin, markers of lipid metabolism and inflammation.

Materials and methods: 70 patients with stage 1 and 88 patients with stage 2 of CKD with different stages of obesity were examined. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated by the formula CKD-EPI based on creatinine, cystatin C and their combination (CKD-EPIcysC / cr). The levels of cystatin C, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and endothelin-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Determination of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood serum was performed by colorimetric method. Statistical analysis of the results was performed with the help of Statistica 6.0 statistical software package using Student’s t-test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.

Results: an increase of the resistin level in the blood by 1.3 times in the patients with stage 1 CKD and by 1.6 times in the patients with stage 2 CKD and obesity was determined (p1.2 < 0.05), and there was a weak correlation between its concentration in the blood and body mass index. A significant average negative correlation between resistin and GFR was detected. Increased serum resistin level correlates with increased TNF-α. In patients of both groups, the level of resistin and LDL increases simultaneously, and the correlation between them increases as CKD progresses. Similar changes are observed with respect to increasing concentrations of resistin and endothelin-1. Thus, an increase of resistin level in the blood in patients with the early stages of CKD initiates a number of pathological changes, such as systemic inflammation, hyperlipidemia and endothelial dysfunction.
The effect of intranasal administration of an IL-1b antagonist (RAIL) on the state of the nitroxydergic system of the brain during modeling of acute cerebrovascular accident
Authors: Burlaka Bogdan S. , Belenichev Igor F. , Ryzhenko Olga I. , Ryzhenko Victor P. , Aliyeva Olena G. , Makyeyeva Lyudmyla V. , Popazova Olena O. , Bak Pavlo G.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: This study was designed to evaluate the effect activity of RAIL-gel in comparison with Citicoline on nitroxydergic system during acute cerebrovascular accident.

Methods: In this study, 80 white nonlinear rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (20 rats in each): 1) intact; 2) control - untreated with acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA), examined on the 4th day; 3) animals with ACVA, receiving RAIL, examined on the 18th day; 4) animals with ACVA, treated with Citicoline, examined on the 4th day. The expression of inducible NOS was determined by Western blotting. The nitrosative stress marker, nitrotyrosine, was determined using the ELISE kit NITROTYROSINE (kit no. HK501-02, series 12825k1212-k). To assess the state of iNOS mRNA expression, we used the method of polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription in real time (RT-PCR).

Results: Our research demonstrated that course administration of the RAIL and Citicoline to animals with ACVA for 4 days leads to the stabilization of the parameters of the brain nitroxydergic system. However, Citicoline does not provide a full effect on the shifts of the NO system in the brain. It does not have the proper effect on such an important link in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain damage as nitrosative stress. RAIL leads to a significant decrease in NOS activity due to its inducible form (decrease in the expression of iNOS and iNOS mRNA) and a decrease in NO metabolits, and inhibition of nitrosative stress (decrease in nitrotyrosine).

Conclusion: IL-1b antagonist RAIL (Intranal Gel) significantly exceeds Citicoline in terms of the severity of the effect on the nitroxydergic system indicators.
Policing & big data . La mise en algorithmes d’une politique internationale
Authors: Amicelle Anthony
Published: September 2021

Le concept de policing renvoie à une dimension spécifique du contrôle social, et désigne l’existence d’opérations de surveillance couplées à la menace de sanctions en cas de déviance. En appelant à surveiller les transactions financières pour lutter contre la criminalité et le terrorisme, l’action publique internationale contre l’argent sale a légitimé et généralisé au cours de ces dernières décennies une nouvelle forme de policing . Celle-ci implique des acteurs majeurs du capitalisme qui ne sont pas à proprement parler des entreprises de sécurité privée. À l’instar d’initiatives du même ordre plus récentes, elle repose sur l’articulation d’univers relevant, d’une part, de l’économie et de la finance, d’autre part, du pénal et de la sécurité. Comment cette articulation s’opère-t-elle, et avec quels effets, tant sur le fonctionnement de ces univers sociaux que sur l’exercice du policing contemporain ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous situons l’analyse sur un plan sociotechnique, en étudiant la mise en algorithmes des opérations de surveillance. Figure montante dans le domaine de la sécurité, les algorithmes sont omniprésents au sein du policing financier. En tant qu’objets-frontières, ils constituent un point d’entrée crucial pour étudier les relations entre « économie » et « sécurité » sur lesquelles repose une partie croissante du policing à l’heure des big data .
A tale of two socialist enterprises: production and decision-making at Škoda Auto and AvtoVAZ, 1960-1980
Authors: Fava Valentina
Published: September 2021

Cet article reconstruit les récits organisationnels et techniques qui ont accompagné les grandes étapes stratégiques – la mise en place de nouvelles technologies de produits et de process – de l’histoire des firmes automobiles Škoda (AZNP) de Mladá Boleslav, en Tchécoslovaquie, et Avtovaz (VAZ) de Togliatti, en Union soviétique, lors de la construction et de la modernisation de leurs usines entre les années 1960 et la chute des régimes communistes. Il montre que les trajectoires des deux constructeurs étaient déjà divergentes sous ces régimes, malgré les similitudes de leurs systèmes macro-économiques et politiques (économie planifiée, socialisme d’État) et l’homogénéité structurelle des entreprises socialistes. Ces divergences trouvent leur origine dans les différentes interprétations données par les experts dès les années 1920 à la technologie et aux savoirs managériaux étrangers dans la construction automobile – une industrie qui avait une signification hautement symbolique tant pour la modernisation socialiste que pour l’identité nationale. L’article est fondé sur une recherche de première main menée par l’autrice en République tchèque, en Italie et en Russie de 2009 à 2018 dans les archives d’entreprises et les archives nationales d’État. L’article s’appuie en particulier sur des sources primaires conservées à l’Archivio Storico Fiat, à Turin, et des documents provenant des fonds URSS, COMAU, Agnelli, Fiat Allis, Pedrana et Škoda des Archives historiques Škoda de Mladá Boleslav, en République tchèque, pour les sociétés AZNP et ASAP. D’autres documents ont été recueillis dans les Archives d’État russes de l’économie, à Moscou, et, à Prague, dans les Archives centrales d’État et les dossiers du Bureau du Premier ministre, pour les années 1954-1959 et 1960-1990. Outre ces archives, l’article s’appuie sur des entretiens semi-directifs menés avec des cadres et des experts de Fiat ayant participé aux missions de l’entreprise en URSS.
Laclos après Laclos
Authors: McCallam David
Published: September 2021

Lors de la parution de Dangerous Connections (1784), première traduction anglaise du roman de Laclos, deux visions contrastées du texte se font jour, dues respectivement à Jacques-Pierre Brissot et à François-Joseph de Kentzinger. Cette étude explore les implications tant rhétoriques que philosophiques de ces lectures contemporaines négligées des Liaisons dangereuses .
Laclos après Laclos
Authors: Nannoni Catia
Published: September 2021

Cette étude porte sur les moments saillants de la réception de Laclos et de son roman en Italie, de la réticence initiale à la réhabilitation progressive de l’auteur et à la graduelle découverte des Liaisons de la part des éditeurs et des critiques. Ce processus, qui s’achève au XX e  siècle, montre le rôle militant des premières traductions italiennes, cautionnées par des initiatives éditoriales et des péritextes qui contribuent à la légitimation d’une œuvre longtemps reléguée au second rayon.
Laclos après Laclos
Authors: Altachina Veronika
Published: September 2021

L’histoire des traductions des Liaisons dangereuses est instructive. Connu dans le texte aux XVIII e et XIX e  siècles, le roman fut édité en russe quatre fois avant les années 1990 à partir desquelles il connut une grande vogue. Pouchkine, qui le cite et y fait de nombreuses allusions, puis Lermontov dans son Héros de notre temps (1840), Boborikine dans La Victime du soir (1868) et enfin Filatov, qui écrit une farce tragique en vers, Dangereux, dangereux, très dangereux (1999), comptent parmi les lecteurs russes de Laclos .
Laclos après Laclos
Authors: Ionescu Christina
Published: September 2021

Dans cet article, il s’agit d’examiner la genèse, la présentation et la réception de la traduction des Liaisons dangereuses publiée par Leonard Smithers en 1898. Ce libraire-éditeur anglais chargea Ernest Dowson, poète décadent, de la traduction du texte, et Aubrey Beardsley, artiste associé à l’Art nouveau, de l’illustration, mais ce dernier ne put l’achever. Cette étude s’inscrit dans le sillage des travaux sur l’histoire du livre et sur la réception à l’étranger du roman de Laclos.