bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-View Low-Rank Analysis with Applications to Outlier Detection
Authors: Li Sheng , Shao Ming , Fu Yun
Published: March 2018

Detecting outliers or anomalies is a fundamental problem in various machine learning and data mining applications. Conventional outlier detection algorithms are mainly designed for single-view data. Nowadays, data can be easily collected from multiple views, and many learning tasks such as clustering and classification have benefited from multi-view data. However, outlier detection from multi-view data is still a very challenging problem, as the data in multiple views usually have more complicated distributions and exhibit inconsistent behaviors. To address this problem, we propose a multi-view low-rank analysis (MLRA) framework for outlier detection in this article. MLRA pursuits outliers from a new perspective, robust data representation. It contains two major components. First, the cross-view low-rank coding is performed to reveal the intrinsic structures of data. In particular, we formulate a regularized rank-minimization problem, which is solved by an efficient optimization algorithm. Second, the outliers are identified through an outlier score estimation procedure. Different from the existing multi-view outlier detection methods, MLRA is able to detect two different types of outliers from multiple views simultaneously. To this end, we design a criterion to estimate the outlier scores by analyzing the obtained representation coefficients. Moreover, we extend MLRA to tackle the multi-view group outlier detection problem. Extensive evaluations on seven UCI datasets, the MovieLens, the USPS-MNIST, and the WebKB datasets demon strate that our approach outperforms several state-of-the-art outlier detection methods.
GPU Performance vs. Thread-Level Parallelism
Authors: Lin Zhen , Mantor Michael , Zhou Huiyang
Published: March 2018

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) leverage massive thread-level parallelism (TLP) to achieve high computation throughput and hide long memory latency. However, recent studies have shown that the GPU performance does not scale with the GPU occupancy or the degrees of TLP that a GPU supports, especially for memory-intensive workloads. The current understanding points to L1 D-cache contention or off-chip memory bandwidth. In this article, we perform a novel scalability analysis from the perspective of throughput utilization of various GPU components, including off-chip DRAM, multiple levels of caches, and the interconnect between L1 D-caches and L2 partitions. We show that the interconnect bandwidth is a critical bound for GPU performance scalability.

For the applications that do not have saturated throughput utilization on a particular resource, their performance scales well with increased TLP. To improve TLP for such applications efficiently, we propose a fast context switching approach. When a warp/thread block (TB) is stalled by a long latency operation, the context of the warp/TB is spilled to spare on-chip resource so that a new warp/TB can be launched. The switched-out warp/TB is switched back when another warp/TB is completed or switched out. With this fine-grain fast context switching, higher TLP can be supported without increasing the sizes of critical resources like the register file. Our experiment shows that the performance can be improved by up to 47% and a geometric mean of 22% for a set of applications with unsaturated throughput utilization. Compared to the state-of-the-art TLP improvement scheme, our proposed scheme achieves 12% higher performance on average and 16% for unsaturated benchmarks.
Twitter Geolocation
Authors: Bakerman Jordan , Pazdernik Karl , Wilson Alyson , Fairchild Geoffrey , Bahran Rian
Published: March 2018

Geotagging Twitter messages is an important tool for event detection and enrichment. Despite the availability of both social media content and user network information, these two features are generally utilized separately in the methodology. In this article, we create a hybrid method that uses Twitter content and network information jointly as model features. We use Gaussian mixture models to map the raw spatial distribution of the model features to a predicted field. This approach is scalable to large datasets and provides a natural representation of model confidence. Our method is tested against other approaches and we achieve greater prediction accuracy. The model also improves both precision and coverage.
Semi-Supervised Co-Analysis of 3D Shape Styles from Projected Lines
Authors: Yu Fenggen , Zhang Yan , Xu Kai , Mahdavi-Amiri Ali , Zhang Hao
Published: March 2018

We present a
semi-supervised co-analysis
method for learning 3D shape styles from
projected feature lines
, achieving style patch
localization
with only weak supervision. Given a collection of 3D shapes spanning multiple object categories and styles, we perform style co-analysis over projected feature lines of each 3D shape and then back-project the learned style features onto the 3D shapes. Our core analysis pipeline starts with mid-level patch sampling and pre-selection of candidate style patches. Projective features are then encoded via patch convolution. Multi-view feature integration and style clustering are carried out under the framework of
partially shared latent factor
(PSLF) learning, a multi-view feature learning scheme. PSLF achieves effective multi-view feature fusion by distilling and exploiting consistent and complementary feature information from multiple views, while also selecting style patches from the candidates. Our style analysis approach supports both unsupervised and semi-supervised analysis. For the latter, our method accepts both user-specified shape labels and style-ranked triplets as clustering constraints. We demonstrate results from 3D shape style analysis and patch localization as well as improvements over state-of-the-art methods. We also present several applications enabled by our style analysis.
QuoteRec
Authors: Tan Jiwei , Wan Xiaojun , Liu Hui , Xiao Jianguo
Published: March 2018

Quote is a language phenomenon of transcribing the statement of someone else, such as a proverb and a famous saying. An appropriate usage of quote usually equips the expression with more elegance and credibility. However, there are times when we are eager to stress our idea by citing a quote, while nothing relevant comes to mind. Therefore, it is exciting to have a recommender system which provides quote recommendations while we are writing. This article extends previous study of quote recommendation, the task that recommends the appropriate quote according to the context (i.e., the content occurring before and after the quote). In this article, a quote recommender system called QuoteRec is presented to tackle the task. We investigate two models to learn the vector representations of quotes and contexts, and then rank the candidate quotes based on the representations. The first model learns the quote representation according to the contexts of a quote. The second model is an extension of the neural network model in previous study, which learns the representation of a quote by concerning both its content and contexts. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the two models in learning the semantic representations of quotes, and the neural network model achieves state-of-the-art results on the quote recommendation task.
Interfacing Cells with Vertical Nanoscale Devices: Applications and Characterization
Authors: McGuire Allister F. , Santoro Francesca , Cui Bianxiao
Published: March 2018

Measurements of the intracellular state of mammalian cells often require probes or molecules to breach the tightly regulated cell membrane. Mammalian cells have been shown to grow well on vertical nanoscale structures in vitro, going out of their way to reach and tightly wrap the structures. A great deal of research has taken advantage of this interaction to bring probes close to the interface or deliver molecules with increased efficiency or ease. In turn, techniques have been developed to characterize this interface. Here, we endeavor to survey this research with an emphasis on the interface as driven by cellular mechanisms.
Human Elongation Factor 4 Regulates Cancer Bioenergetics by Acting as a Mitochondrial Translation Switch
Authors: Zhu Ping , Liu Yongzhang , Zhang Fenglin , Bai Xiufeng , Chen Zilei , Shangguan Fugen , Zhang Bo , Zhang Lingyun , Chen Qianqian , Xie Deyao , Lan Linhua , Xue Xiangdong , Liang Xing-Jie , Lu Bin , Wei Taotao , Qin Yan
Published: March 2018

Mitochondria regulate cellular bioenergetics and redox states and influence multiple signaling pathways required for tumorigenesis. In this study, we determined that the mitochondrial translation elongation factor 4 (EF4) is a critical component of tumor progression. EF4 was ubiquitous in human tissues with localization to the mitochondria (mtEF4) and performed quality control on respiratory chain biogenesis. Knockout of mtEF4 induced respiratory chain complex defects and apoptosis, while its overexpression stimulated cancer development. In multiple cancers, expression of mtEF4 was increased in patient tumor tissues. These findings reveal that mtEF4 expression may promote tumorigenesis via an imbalance in the regulation of mitochondrial activities and subsequent variation of cellular redox. Thus, dysregulated mitochondrial translation may play a vital role in the etiology and development of diverse human cancers.

Significance: Dysregulated mitochondrial translation drives tumor development and progression. Cancer Res; 78(11); 2813–24. ©2018 AACR.
Transition of Mesenchymal and Epithelial Cancer Cells Depends on α1-4 Galactosyltransferase-Mediated Glycosphingolipids
Authors: Jacob Francis , Alam Shahidul , Konantz Martina , Liang Ching-Yeu , Kohler Reto S. , Everest-Dass Arun V. , Huang Yen-Lin , Rimmer Natalie , Fedier Andre , Schötzau Andreas , Lopez Monica Nunez , Packer Nicolle H. , Lengerke Claudia , Heinzelmann-Schwarz Viola
Published: March 2018

The reversible transitions of cancer cells between epithelial and mesenchymal states comprise cellular and molecular processes essential for local tumor growth and respective dissemination. We report here that globoside glycosphingolipid (GSL) glycosyltransferase-encoding genes are elevated in epithelial cells and correlate with characteristic EMT signatures predictive of disease outcome. Depletion of globosides through CRISPR-Cas9–mediated deletion of the key enzyme A4GALT induces EMT, enhances chemoresistance, and increased CD24low/CD44high cells. The cholera toxin–induced mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition occurred only in cells with functional A4GALT. Cells undergoing EMT lost E-cadherin expression through epigenetic silencing at the promoter region of CDH1. However, in ΔA4GALT cells, demethylation was able to rescue E-cadherin–mediated cell–cell adhesion only in the presence of exogenous A4GALT. Overall, our data suggest another class of biomolecules vital for epithelial cancer cells and for maintaining cell integrity and function.

Significance: This study highlights the essential role of glycosphingolipids in the maintenance of epithelial cancer cell properties. Cancer Res; 78(11); 2952–65. ©2018 AACR.
Chromosome Banding in Amphibia. XXXVII. Y-Autosome Translocations in Anura
Authors: Schmid Michael , Steinlein Claus
Published: March 2018

A detailed cytogenetic study on anurans belonging to the unranked taxon Terraranae revealed the existence of microscopically recognizable XY♂/XX♀ or ZZ♂/ZW♀ sex chromosomes in 11 species. Furthermore, in some species Y-autosome translocations were found, of which 5 could be confirmed. The male individuals carrying the Y-autosome translocations still coexist with the males showing the original karyotypes. The present report gives an overview on the mitotic and meiotic structure, staining and banding properties, functional importance, and similarities and differences of these Y-autosome translocations which are very rare in vertebrates. A mathematical model was constructed that calculates the various probabilities of further chromosome rearrangements in these karyotypes with Y-autosome translocations. The localization of the differential segment containing the hypothetical male sex-determining gene in the Y chromosome is discussed.
The Social Construction of Reality (1966) Revisited: Epistemology and Theorizing in the Study of Religion
Authors: Dressler Markus
Published: March 2018

This paper takes the social constructivist approach, formulated by Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann, as a starting point for an investigation into epistemology and theorizing in the contemporary study of religion. It discusses various strands of scholarship in dialogue with social constructivism and questions in particular the reductionism of radical constructivist positions. Exploring the boundaries of the classical social constructivist paradigm, the article argues that students of religion should consider the implication of social, historical, embodied and material structures in the production of knowledge about religion. For that purpose, it draws on various soft realist approaches to stress the importance of remaining attentive to positionality (reflecting on the sites from where we theorize) and contextuality (reflecting on the inter-relation of discourse and materiality) in theorizing “religion”. Finally, the article suggests that soft realist positions can be integrated in a slightly broadened social constructivist framework for the study of religion.
Mare Geneticum: Balancing Governance of Marine Genetic Resources in International Waters
Authors: Broggiato Arianna , Vanagt Thomas , Lallier Laura E. , Jaspars Marcel , Burton Geoff , Muyldermans Dominic
Published: March 2018

A fair and effective regime regulating benefit-sharing of marine genetic resources (mgr) in areas beyond national jurisdiction (abnj) must consider the inclusion of developing states, support scientific research and safeguard investments of the private sector. The present innovative proposal ensures a delicate balance through an approach based on open access, albeit with limitations. Access to mgr in abnj is facilitated, but conditional on the public release of collected samples and raw data. Adoption of the open access principle guarantees a powerful form of non-monetary benefit-sharing. The balance is maintained by the option for an extended embargo period, allowing samples and data to be kept confidential for a certain period, against payment to a biodiversity contribution fund. Monetary benefit-sharing, as a sector-negotiated percentage on revenue, could be imposed at the point of product commercialisation, and would offer a tangible payment system with a low transaction cost.
r2p and the Novel: The Trope of the Abandoned Refugee Child in Stella Leventoyannis Harvey’s The Brink of Freedom
Authors: Glanville Erin Goheen
Published: March 2018

The abandoned refugee child is a powerful yet simplistic cultural trope that can inspire intense, sympathetic reactions to asylum seekers but cannot sustain that sympathy in more complex contexts. In contrast, literary novels unpack the intricacies, details, and nuances of refugee children’s experiences, serving as a reliable representation of reality and a winsome pedagogical tool for increasing curiosity and attention to refugee children. As cultural pedagogy, refugee fiction promotes public discussions around the complex situations of vulnerable children, educates readers about sovereignty as responsibility, and thus mobilises and nuances the political will to fulfill a nation’s responsibility to protect. Literary novels leverage a rhetoric that is concrete, polyphonous, interlocking, and intimate. This paper uses the example of Stella Leventoyannis Harvey’s Canadian novel The Brink of Freedom, which embeds complex, even contradictory, representations of R2P issues into the particular details of a displaced child’s perspective. The pedagogical work of this example of literary fiction is accomplished through the differing perspectives embodied concurrently by sympathetic characters, the concrete details of one child’s deeply intimate moments, the central metonym of the child/caregiver as the citizen/nation, and the contrasting first person child narrator. In a highly polarised global context that appears to be moving towards protectionist policies, this kind of local, creative cultural intervention can feed an alternative social imaginary that prioritises interdependence over independence for the health of everyone.
Ultimate Tests: Children, Rights, and the Politics of Protection
Authors: Marshall Beier J.
Published: March 2018

Whether in the rhetorical strategies of the campaign to ban landlines, appeals for famine relief, or the present historical apex of mass refugee migration, deployed images of abject childhood are central to the visual economies of humanitarian crisis. As the quintessential innocents deemed in need of protection, children are constructed outside of meaningful subjecthood and objectified as the evocative ‘scenery’ of the politics of protection. As such, children’s place in these visual economies together with their relative voicelessness are particularly revealing of how the concept of protection is beset by a paradox it cannot resolve: simultaneously imperative in consequence of diminished political subjecthood and itself demeaning of that same subjecthood. Tracing the problematique of children’s agency and subjecthood through the un Convention on the Rights of the Child and applicable aspects of legal regimes in Canada both beholden to the Convention and charged with care and protection of children, this article offers insights relevant to but perhaps less immediately apparent in the context of the R2P regarding the tricky and fraught intersections of childhood, subjecthood, and protection.
Fallacia californica sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new freshwater diatom species from streams in California, USA
Authors: STANCHEVA ROSALINA , MANOYLOV KALINA M.
Published: March 2018

Small naviculoid diatoms remain largely taxonomically unexplored in the United States, due to the inability for clear differentiation of unique characteristics under light microscope magnification during routine identification. In a recent study of benthic stream diatoms from California and as a part of taxonomy data quality assurance and quality control process it became evident that taxonomic reevaluation of a common Fallacia species is needed. A new small-celled Fallacia species is described here and compared to similar taxa. Nomenclatural and ecological discussions, based on historical and current literature, are presented for each taxon. Type materials were consulted for taxonomic evaluation and comparison. The new taxon is described with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Fallacia californica could be distinguished from other small Fallacia species with coarse areolae by the unique combination of following features: 1) distinct lyre-shaped sternum, 2) asymmetrical central area, and 3) variable central striae with one to four inner areolae absent, and unilateral gap between the central striae on the mantle. The new freshwater species was distributed in warm alkaline waters with medium conductivity and elevated nutrients content.The majority of populations have been recorded in coastal streams, where they could be abundant, but the species could be scattered in other inland running waters as well.
Crotalaria nallamalayana (Fabaceae: Crotalarieae): a new species from Telangana, India
Authors: RASINGAM LADAN , SWAMY JETTI , SANKARA RAO MUDADLA
Published: March 2018

A new species of Crotalaria is described from the Amrabad Tiger Reserve in the Nallamala forest, Telangana, India. It is allied to Crotalaria orixensis Rottl. ex Willd. and Crotalaria senegalensis (Pers.) DC., but differs from both species in leaf, stipule, bract and floral characters.
Palpi aplenty: new species in the Chrysotus longipalpus species group (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)
Authors: RUNYON JUSTIN B. , CAPELLARI RENATO S.
Published: March 2018

Four new Nearctic species belonging to the Chrysotus longipalpus species group are described: Chrysotus keyensis sp. nov. (Florida), Chrysotus mccreadiei sp. nov. (Alabama), Chrysotus mystax sp. nov. (Alabama), and Chrysotus plumarista sp. nov. (Alabama). This brings the number of known species in this group to twelve. A key to species of males of the C. longipalpus species group and new distribution records are provided.
Evaluation of Planetary Boundary Layer Simulation in GFDL Atmospheric General Circulation Models
Authors: Shin Hyeyum Hailey , Ming Yi , Zhao Ming , Golaz Jean-Christophe , Xiang Baoqiang , Guo Huan
Published: March 2018

This study describes the performance of two Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) in simulating the climatologies of planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameters, with a particular focus on the diurnal cycles. The two models differ solely in the PBL parameterization: one uses a prescribed K-profile parameterization (KPP) scheme with an entrainment parameterization, and the other employs a turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) scheme. The models are evaluated through comparison with the reanalysis ensemble, which is generated from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) twentieth-century reanalysis (ERA-20C), ERA-Interim, NCEP CFSR, and NASA MERRA, and the following systematic biases are identified. The models exhibit widespread cold biases in the high latitudes, and the biases are smaller when the KPP scheme is used. The diurnal cycle amplitudes are underestimated in most dry regions, and the model with the TKE scheme simulates larger amplitudes. For the near-surface winds, the models underestimate both the daily means and the diurnal amplitudes; the differences between the models are relatively small compared to the biases. The role of the PBL schemes in simulating the PBL parameters is investigated through the analysis of vertical profiles. The Sahara, which is suitable for focusing on the role of vertical mixing in dry PBLs, is selected for a detailed analysis. It reveals that compared to the KPP scheme, the heat transport is weaker with the TKE scheme in both convective and stable PBLs as a result of weaker vertical mixing, resulting in larger diurnal amplitudes. Lack of nonlocal momentum transport from the nocturnal low-level jets to the surfaces appears to explain the underestimation of the near-surface winds in the models.
Power and Social Control in Settler and Exploitation Colonies: The Experience of New France and French Colonial Africa
Authors: Bigon Liora , Njoh Ambe J
Published: March 2018

This paper analyzes strategies for articulating power and effectuating social control in the built environment by French colonial authorities in New France and colonial Africa. The former was a settler colony while the latter comprised colonies of economic exploitation. Despite their different colonial status, they shared much in common. In this regard, French colonial authorities recycled spatial control strategies they had employed in New France a century earlier for use in Africa. However some changes commensurate with the changing priorities and objectives of the French colonial project were instituted. In particular, recycled policies from New France were made more stringent, less tolerant and ostensibly oppressive in French colonial Africa.
Mandala Project: Modern Mysticism or Madness
Authors: Harmon Cardum
Published: March 2018

A “conversation with God” inspired the author to delve deeper into what’s beyond the veil of ordinary experience. While researching this type of extreme or altered state experience, she was fortunate to locate and interview those who had had similar experiences of a divine encounter. Prior to their intense spiritual experience, they had been in some sort of existential crisis or under emotional duress. She called this research project the Mandala Project because it symbolized a transformative journey back to self. How do you navigate through the chaos of an ecstatic, spiritual, or altered state and then be able to reintegrate back into your life—in a nutshell, as Jack Kornfield asks, “How do you get back to doing the laundry?”
Coping as a Mediator Between Parental Attachment and Resilience: An Examination of Differential Effects Between Chinese Adolescents From Single Parent Families Versus Those From Intact Families
Authors: Guo Xiamei
Published: March 2018

The crude divorce rate has been increasing steadily for over a decade in China. Consequently, more and more children have to face the challenge of growing up in single parent families. The current study investigated the mediating effects of problem-oriented and emotion-oriented coping on the relationship between parental attachment and psychological resilience among a sample of Chinese adolescents from single parent families and intact families. Participants were 975 high school students (44.30% males; aged 15–19 years, M = 16.32 years, SD = 0.74), 871 from intact families and 104 from single parent families. Structural equation modeling showed that security in maternal attachment was positively associated with resilience through the indirect effect of reduced emotion-oriented coping among adolescents from single parent families. Among adolescents from intact families, security in maternal attachment was both directly associated with resilience and indirectly through enhanced problem-oriented and reduced emotion-oriented coping. Security in paternal attachment was associated with resilience both directly and indirectly through enhanced problem-oriented coping as well among those from intact families. Female adolescents exhibited significantly lower levels of resilience than male adolescents did regardless of the marital status of their parents. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Development of a Surveillance Definition for United States–Mexico Binational Cases of Tuberculosis
Authors: Woodruff Rachel S. Yelk , Miner Mark C. , Miramontes Roque
Published: March 2018

Objectives:

Consistently collected binational surveillance data are important in advocating for resources to manage and treat binational cases of tuberculosis (TB). The objective of this study was to develop a surveillance definition for binational (United States–Mexico) cases of TB to assess the burden on US TB program resources.

Methods:

We collaborated with state and local TB program staff members in the United States to identify characteristics associated with binational cases of TB. We collected data on all cases of TB from 9 pilot sites in 5 states (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas) during January 1–June 30, 2014, that had at least 1 binational characteristic (eg, “crossed border while on TB treatment” and “received treatment in another country, coordinated by an established, US-funded, binational TB program”). A workgroup of US state, local, and federal partners reviewed results and used them to develop a practical surveillance definition.

Results:

The pilot sites reported 87 cases of TB with at least 1 binational characteristic during the project period. The workgroup drafted a proposed surveillance definition to include 2 binational characteristics: “crossed border while on TB treatment” (34 of 87 cases, 39%) and “received treatment in another country, coordinated by an established, US-funded, binational TB program” (26 of 87 cases, 30%). Applying the new proposed definition, 39 of 87 pilot cases of TB (45%) met the definition of binational.

Conclusion:

Input from partners who were responsible for the care and treatment of patients who cross the United States–Mexico border was crucial in defining a binational case of TB.
Empirical Research in Technical and Professional Communication: A 5-Year Examination of Research Methods and a Call for Research Sustainability
Authors: Meloncon Lisa , St.Amant Kirk
Published: March 2018

This article presents an examination of research methods used in empirical research over a 5-year period in technical and professional communication. This examination reveals that the most common methods used are surveys, interviews, usability tests, observations, and focus groups. In addition, the field does incorporate research categories of case studies, experiments, and ethnographers. This examination, however, reveals serious shortcomings that need to be addressed for the field to have a sustainable research profile.
A Gateway without a Port: Making and Contesting San Francisco’s Early Waterfront
Authors: Ferguson Laura E.
Published: March 2018

In the mid-nineteenth century, San Franciscans transformed a muddy cove and trading outpost into an American town and then global port. In their rush to build a port and a city, they created a socially, politically, and materially unstable foundation for their rapidly growing urban waterfront. This article argues that the development and growth of early San Francisco cannot be understood apart from its waterfront in general and its role as a port in particular, contributing to a relatively small literature on the relationship between cities and their ports in urban history. Tracing the legal contests over the tidelands, material construction of piers, rise of a vice district, and clashes with vigilante justice, this article examines the creation of San Francisco as a gateway city. It suggests how historians might recover the dynamic, entangled, and at times violent histories hidden beneath the sediments of time along all urban commercial waterfronts.
Incorporating Diversity Content Into Courses and Concerns About Teaching Culturally Diverse Students
Authors: Prieto Loreto R.
Published: March 2018

I examined concerns surrounding teaching culturally diverse students and attitudes toward incorporating diversity content into courses, held by a national sample of psychology educators ( N = 91). Findings indicated that as instructors’ personal acceptance of culturally diverse students increased, instructors’ level of “backlash” attitudes toward those students decreased, and instructors attached a greater level of importance to incorporating diversity issues into their course content. Lower levels of instructor concern surrounding managing cultural differences in the classroom was associated with instructors attaching a greater level of importance to incorporating diversity issues into course content. Instructors of color spent a significantly greater amount of class time teaching about diversity issues in their psychology courses than their European American counterparts. I discuss implications of these findings for established and future psychology educators.
Reasons for sex and relational outcomes in consensually nonmonogamous and monogamous relationships
Authors: Wood Jessica , Desmarais Serge , Burleigh Tyler , Milhausen Robin
Published: March 2018

Approximately 4% of individuals in North America participate in consensually nonmonogamous (CNM) relationships, wherein all partners have agreed to additional sexual and/or emotional partnerships. The CNM relationships are stigmatized and viewed as less stable and satisfying than monogamous relationships, a perception that persists despite research evidence. In our study, we assess the legitimacy of this negative perception by using a self-determination theory (SDT) framework to explore how sexual motivation impacts relational and sexual satisfaction among CNM and monogamous participants in romantic relationships. A total of 348 CNM ( n = 142) and monogamous participants ( n = 206) were recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk. (2016). www.mturk.com ) to complete a cross-sectional survey. Participants reported on their sexual motivations during their most recent sexual event, their level of sexual need fulfillment, and measures of sexual and relational satisfaction with their current (primary) partner. The CNM and monogamous participants reported similar reasons for engaging in sex, though CNM participants were significantly more likely to have sex for personal intrinsic motives. No differences in mean levels of relationship and sexual satisfaction were found between CNM and monogamous individuals. Participants who engaged in sex for more self-determined reasons reported increased relational and sexual satisfaction. This relationship was mediated by sexual need fulfillment; participants who reported more self-determined motives reported higher levels of need fulfillment and, in turn, greater relationship and sexual satisfaction. This study indicates that CNM and monogamous individuals report similar levels of satisfaction within their relationship(s) and that the mechanisms that affect relational and sexual satisfaction are similar for both CNM and monogamous individuals. Our research extends theoretical understandings of motivation within romantic relationships and suggests that SDT is a useful framework for considering the impact of sexual motivation on relational outcomes.
Who is sexually faithful? Own and partner personality traits as predictors of infidelity
Authors: Altgelt Emma E. , Reyes Melanie A. , French Juliana E. , Meltzer Andrea L. , McNulty James K.
Published: March 2018

Infidelity can have harmful consequences for all those involved. Although prior research has demonstrated some reliable associations between certain personality traits and infidelity, the associations between other personality traits and infidelity are less clear. Moreover, prior research has been limited in addressing the role of partner personality and whether any effects are independent of relationship satisfaction. Thus, we pooled data from two 3-year longitudinal studies of newlywed couples to examine the associations between both couple members’ personality (Big Five and narcissism) and infidelity, controlling and not controlling for marital satisfaction. Wives high (versus low) in extraversion and husbands and wives with partners high (versus low) in neuroticism or extraversion were more likely to engage in infidelity regardless of whether we controlled for satisfaction. Husbands with partners high (versus low) in narcissism were more likely to engage in infidelity, though this effect was no longer significant when controlling for satisfaction. These findings demonstrate that even predicting a behavior as self-oriented as infidelity requires considering the qualities of both couple members, highlighting the importance of adopting a dyadic approach to relationships.
Is it me or you? First-time mothers’ attributions for postpartum sexual concerns are associated with sexual and relationship satisfaction in the transition to parenthood
Authors: Vannier Sarah A. , Adare Kaitlyn E. , Rosen Natalie O.
Published: March 2018

Most first-time mothers experience a decline in both their sexual and relationship satisfaction from prepregnancy, which has negative consequences for the couple and their family. Prior studies have begun to identify risk and protective factors (e.g., empathy) for postpartum sexual and relationship satisfaction. Causal attributions for postpartum sexual concerns may be important because a specific cause can be difficult to pinpoint given the wide range of postpartum sexual problems among first-time parents. In the current study, 120 first-time mothers (3–12 months postpartum) completed validated measures assessing attributions for postpartum sexual concerns, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction. Attributions were measured on four dimensions: internal/external (i.e., is the sexual concern due to the self or the situation), stable/unstable (i.e., will the cause of the concern occur again in the future), global/specific (i.e., will the cause of the concern affect other situations), and partner responsibility (i.e., is the partner the cause). When new mothers reported more stable and partner attributions for postpartum sexual concerns, they were less sexually satisfied, and when they attributed greater responsibility for sexual concerns to their partners, they were less satisfied with their overall relationship. These associations remained significant after controlling for potential challenges that may also impact sexual and relationship satisfaction during this period (i.e., breastfeeding, sexual frequency, depressive symptoms, fatigue, sexual functioning). As postpartum sexual concerns are common, attributions for these changes may be a valuable target for interventions aimed at strengthening the intimate relationships of women making the transition to parenthood.
The psychosocial sources of sexual interest in older couples
Authors: Iveniuk James , Waite Linda J.
Published: March 2018

Sexual activity with one’s partner is an important component of well-being and is linked to physical, emotional, and cognitive health. However, it is unclear why some older adults are more interested in sex and some less so. Their own characteristics, those of their partner, and characteristics of the relationship may all be important. We define sexual interest as consisting both of the motivation to seek sex with a partner and willingness to have sex when asked. We measure this construct using data from both members of 953 couples in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. We focus in this article on the impact of psychological and social factors on older adults’ interest in sex, as well as the impact of their partners’ characteristics on their own interest in sex. We find that individuals with high perceived positive marital quality, a more positive and open personality, a large network of family, and better physical health showed greater interest in sex. Characteristics of their partner generally had little association with sexual interest.
The Janus face of precarity – Securitisation of Roma mobility in the UK
Authors: Nagy Veronika
Published: March 2018

Technological developments and the free movement of people within the EU have enabled Member States to implement new geopolitical control measures to increase migration control and social sorting of undesired migrant groups. As part of a securitisation process, these measures are often expanded upon and justified in terms of economic threat that aims to restrain ‘opportunist Central East European migrants’, who are associated with welfare dependence and cheap labour. Although unemployed Roma migrants are exposed to social exclusion due to the stigma of ‘benefit shoppers’, this paper explores how current neoliberal labour market structures facilitate new securitisation processes and fuel the precarity of Roma, even if they are employed in the host country. Based on a multi-sited ethnography completed in The United Kingdom, it will be illustrated how communitarianism of Member States stratifies the moral values of migrants’ labour in a manner that defines the preconditions of social inclusion of newcomers in host societies. In short, this paper argues that even for migrants who are not welfare dependent and who are self-sustaining, their social inclusion is defined by engagement in the sort of labour that is culturally acknowledged by the host society.
Deaths after feeding-tube withdrawal from patients in vegetative and minimally conscious states: A qualitative study of family experience
Authors: Kitzinger Jenny , Kitzinger Celia
Published: March 2018

Background:

Families of patients in vegetative or minimally conscious states are often horrified by the suggestion of withdrawing a feeding tube, even when they believe that their relative would not have wanted to be maintained in their current condition. Very little is known about what it is like to witness such a death.

Aim:

To understand these families’ experience of their relatives’ deaths.

Design:

Qualitative study using in-depth narrative interviews analyzed inductively with thematic analysis.

Participants:

A total of 21 people (from 12 families) whose vegetative or minimally conscious relative died following court-authorized withdrawal of artificial nutrition and hydration. All had supported treatment withdrawal.

Findings:

Interviewees were usually anxious in advance about the nature of the death and had sometimes confronted resistance from, and been provided with misinformation by, healthcare staff in long-term care settings. However, they overwhelmingly described deaths as peaceful and sometimes even as a “good death.” There was (for some) a significant “burden of witness” associated with the length of time it took the person to die and/or distressing changes in their appearance. Most continued to voice ethical objections to the manner of death while considering it “the least worst” option in the circumstances.

Conclusion:

Staff need to be aware of the distinctive issues around care for this patient group and their families. It is important to challenge misinformation and initiate honest discussions about feeding-tube withdrawal and end-of-life care for these patients. Families (and staff) need better support in managing the “burden of witness” associated with these deaths.
68Ga-somatostatin receptor analogs and 18F-FDG PET/CT in the localization of metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas with germline mutations: a meta-analysis
Authors: Kan Ying , Zhang Shuxin , Wang Wei , Liu Jie , Yang Jigang , Wang Zhenchang
Published: March 2018

Background

Metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PCs/PGLs) show high germline mutation, and 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTA peptide positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging are recommended for the diagnosis of metastatic of PCs. However, there has been lack of direct comparison of the two modalities in the diagnosis of metastatic of PCs up to now.

Purpose

To evaluate and compare the value of localization of 68Ga-somatostatin receptor analogs and 18F-FDG in the diagnosis of metastatic PCs/PGLs.

Material and Methods

A comprehensive literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines published in August 2016. We critically reviewed all studies based on the PICOS criteria. QUADAS-2 was used to evaluate the quality of the methodology of the included studies.

Results

This meta-analysis included 17 studies (629 patients, average age [mean ± SD] = 42.7 ± 6.3 years). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of 18F-FDG and 68Ga peptides were 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78–0.91) and 0.55 (95% CI = 0.37–0.73), and 0.95 (95% CI = 0.92–0.97) and 0.87 (95% CI = 0.63–0.96), respectively. The area under the sROC curves of the 18F-FDG and 68Ga peptides were 0.88 (95% CI = 0.85–0.91) and 0.78 (95% CI = 0.74–0.81), respectively. A subgroup analysis demonstrated that the difference at the per-lesion level and gene mutation level was significant.

Conclusion

Compared to 18F-FDG PET/CT, the 68Ga-somatostatin receptor demonstrated good performance in the localization of metastatic PCs/PGLs, especially those with germline mutations. The use of the 68Ga-somatostatin receptor can be a new tool in the diagnosis of metastatic PCs/PGLs.
A Comparison of Intimate Partner Violence Strangulation Between Same-Sex and Different-Sex Couples
Authors: Messing Jill T. , Thomas Kristie A. , Ward-Lasher Allison L. , Brewer Nathan Q.
Published: March 2018

Strangulation is a common and dangerous form of intimate partner violence (IPV). Nonfatal strangulation is a risk factor for homicide; can lead to severe, long-term physical and mental health sequelae; and can be an effective strategy of coercion and control. To date, research has not examined strangulation within same-sex couples. The objective of this cross-sectional, observational research is to identify whether and to what extent the detection of strangulation and coercive control differs between same-sex and different-sex couples in police reports of IPV. Data ( n = 2,207) were obtained from a single police department in the southwest United States (2011-2013). Bivariate analyses examined differences in victim and offender demographics, victim injury, violence, and coercive controlling behaviors between same-sex (male-male and female-female) and different-sex couples (female victim-male offender). Logistic regression was used to examine associations between strangulation, victim and offender demographics, coercive controlling behaviors, and couple configuration. Strangulation was reported significantly more often in different-sex (9.8%) than in female and male same-sex couple cases (5.2% and 5.3%, respectively; p < .05). Injury, however, was reported more frequently in same-sex than in different-sex couples ( p < .05). Couple configuration ( p < .05), coercive control ( p < .05), and injury ( p < .05) significantly predict strangulation. Findings suggest that nonfatal strangulation occurs within at least a minority of same-sex couples; it is possible that underdetection by law enforcement makes it appear less common than it actually is. Regardless of couple configuration, timely identification of strangulation and subsequent referral to medical and social service providers is essential for preventing repeated strangulation, life-threatening injury, and the long-term health effects of strangulation.
Leading-Following: Guiding Care in the Community
Authors: Ortiz Mario R.
Published: March 2018

There are many ways nurses may be leaders and serve others in the community by utilizing a unique knowledge base that is grounded in the extant nursing theories and models. Leading and serving others with nursing knowledge demarks the contributions nurses make in all situations. The purpose of this paper is to illuminate how Parse’s leading-following model and the Rainbow PRISM model (RPM) guide healthcare services in academic nursing health and wellness centers that serve the needs of all persons living in the community. Also, concepts within the RPM are discussed to align with Parse’s current refinements of the humanbecoming paradigm.
Segmental Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis With a Hybrid-Type Distractor in the Management of Wide Alveolar Cleft
Authors: Zhang Jianfei , Zhang Wenbin , Shen Steve Guofang
Published: March 2018

Objective:

To investigate segmental maxillary distraction osteogenesis (DO) with hybrid-type distractor in the management of wide alveolar cleft.

Patients and Methods:

Six patients underwent segmental DO with a hybrid-type distractor. After the success of DO and 3-month consolidation period, removal of the distractor was accompanied by alveolar bone graft with iliac bone. Panoramic radiograph and computed tomography scanning were taken preoperatively (T0) and the day after distractor removal (T1). The crest distance between the long axis of cleft nearby teeth was measured.

Result:

All patients completed the DO period, and the succeeding alveolar bone graft healing was uneventful. The mean cleft distance decrease was 12.05 mm (range: 10.1-13.5 mm). As for the mobility degree record of abutment tooth in the transport segment recorded, 6 patients were grading I° at T0, while 5 patients were grading I° and 1 patient was grading II° at T1.

Conclusion:

Segmental maxillary DO with the hybrid-type distractor is successful to reduce the cleft width in these cases, and it is promising in the treatment of wide dental alveolar cleft, especially for the adult patient.