bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ПРАВОРОЗУМІННЯ В СУЧАСНІЙ УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ШКОЛІ
Authors: Камаралі С. Є. , Старостюк А. В.
Published: December 2023

У статті розглядаються питання теоретико-методологічних підходів праворозуміння в українській школі. Підкреслюється, що в процесі вивчення питань праворозуміння в загальноосвітній школі необхідно звернути увагу насамперед на те, що право – це складне явище соціальної дійсності. На противагу довготривалому розумінню права як атрибута держави сучасна загальнотеоретична юридична наука стоїть на позиціях усвідомлення необхідності розуміння права як самостійного явища життя суспільства, що не залежить від волевиявлення держави.

Сутність природно-правової теорії полягає в тому, що, крім об’єктивного права, яке створюється державою, існують природні невід’ємні права, які стоять над ним, що належать людині від народження. Природне право як правові ідеї, принципи, ідеали, вимоги не є правом в юридичному значенні, а являє собою найближчу і необхідну передумову позитивного права.

У межах соціологічної теорії права право – це система правовідносин, реальна поведінка людей, урегульована правом.

Третій підхід праворозуміння – нормативний. Сутність нормативного підходу щодо праворозуміння зводиться до того, що право визначається як ієрархія норм, як нормативний регулятор суспільних відносин.

Доведено, що право – це комплексна системна категорія, яка включає такі складові, як правові цінності, правовий досвід, правову традицію, правову доктрину, правову догму і правову емпірику. Первинним елементом, який покладений в основу розуміння права, є правові цінності, які створюють своєрідну ідеальну модель права.

Усвідомлене розуміння ціннісних аспектів сучасних підходів праворозуміння має важливе значення для формування цілісного уявлення про право як багатогранний феномен соціальної дійсності. Завданням інтегративної юриспруденції є утвердження комплексного, багатоаспектного і широкого підходу до розуміння права шляхом виділення тих елементів у правових концепціях, які допомагають краще усвідомити основні ознаки права.
ДІЯ ЗАПОБІЖНИХ ЗАХОДІВ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: Бондаренко А. М. , Лугіна Н. А. , Лугін С. В.
Published: December 2023

У статті досліджено особливості застосування запобіжних заходів в умовах воєнного стану, виняткову увагу приділено саме такому запобіжному заходу, як тримання під вартою. У процесі викладу основного матеріалу зазначено, що у період воєнного стану підлягає унормуванню процедура звільнення затриманої особи у зв’язку із закінченням максимальних строків обмеження свободи; недоставлянням затриманої особи у визначений термін до суб’єкта, який має вирішити питання про застосування запобіжного заходу. Акцентовано увагу на тому, що за відсутності нормативної вимоги «безпосередності» («щойності») затримання суб’єкти органів досудового розслідування в умовах воєнного стану зможуть затримувати підозрювану особу незалежно від пройденого часу після вчинення кримінального правопорушення. Не менш важливим, під час постановки проблеми є те, що для оптимального застосування заходів процесуального примусу до підозрюваних осіб необхідно привести процесуальні норми у відповідність до реальної обстановки на лінії фронту, врахувати також інтенсивність бойових дій та інших факторів. Для цього досліджено законодавство, позиції вчених та судову практику з такого питання та виокремлено критерії визначення та класифікації підстав застосування запобіжних заходів, зокрема запобіжний захід у вигляді тримання під вартою.

24 лютого 2022 року Указом Президента України № 64/2022 у зв’язку з військовою агресією Російської Федерації проти України введено воєнний стан на всій території України, строк дії якого продовжено. З моменту введення воєнного стану сфери застосування запобіжних заходів у кримінальному провадженні торкнулися вже чимало законодавчих змін, зокрема виникла гостра необхідність внесення змін до Кримінального процесуального кодексу України (далі – КПК України), зокрема до глави 18 розділу ІІ «Запобіжні заходи, затримання особи» та розділу IX1 «Особливий режим досудового розслідування, судового розгляду в умовах воєнного стану». Не менш актуальним є питання співпраці з ворогом під час окупації: які обставини виключають кримінальну протиправність або ж запобіжні заходи, які відкориговані війною. У статті робиться загальний висновок про наявність проблем у сфері правого регулювання застосування даних превентивних заходів на практиці, які зі свого боку потребують визначення шляхів вирішення.
ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ В БАНКАХ
Authors: Швайко І. Є.
Published: December 2023

Актуальність цієї теми є безперечною, оскільки забезпечення інформаційної безпеки в банках є однією із складових національної безпеки. Забезпечення захисту інформації в банках на сьогодні є зміцнення самої української держави. У зв’язку з цим є потреба у попередженні та протидії загрозам інформаційної безпеки в банках, пошуку принципово нових, нестандартних форм діяльності, удосконаленні всіх засобів, спрямованих на забезпечення процесу управління загрозами та небезпеками.

Визначено, що забезпечення інформаційної безпеки України ґрунтується на принципах верховенства права, законності та пріоритету додержання прав і свобод людини та громадянина; своєчасності й адекватності заходів захисту національних інтересів України від зовнішніх і внутрішніх загроз в інформаційній сфері; невідворотності відповідальності за вчинення злочинів та правопорушень; комплекс­ності і безперервності заходів у сфері забезпечення інформаційної безпеки і захисту інформації; пріоритетності запобіжних заходів; взаємодії органів державної влади та чіткого розмежування їх повноважень; дієвості, комплексності і постійності заходів із захисту інформації та інформаційних ресурсів в інформаційному просторі; пріоритетності національної інформаційної продукції; зниження рівня технічної анонімності з одночасним підвищенням захисту персональних даних.

У статті проаналізовано генезис наукових думок про сутність та понятійний апарат «інформаційної безпеки». Особлива увага зверталася на особливості, принципи та цілі, аналіз, способи, засоби щодо забезпечення інформаційної безпеки в банках. Отже, розвиток України як суверенної, демократичної, правової, економічні та стабільної держави можливий тільки за умови забезпечення належного рівня її інформаційної безпеки в усіх сферах суспільного життя.
Failure of Locoregional Anaesthesia in Dental Practice: Frequency, Causes and Replacement Strategies
Authors: Etoundi Paul Owono , Nokam Taguemne Marie Elvire , G Gouag , Kamga Michele , Akoa Armandine Beyene , Jacqueline Ze Minkande
Published: December 2023

Background: Locoregional anaesthesia (LRA) is frequently practiced in odontostomatology. Our aim was to determine the frequency and causes of LRA failures and to evaluate replacement strategies in two peripheral hospitals in Cameroon. Methodology: A prospective and descriptive study was carried out in the department of odonto-stomatology of the Ebolowa Regional Hospital and Efoulan District hospital of Cameroon from the 1st of January to the 31st of August 31st 2022. Were included, patients presenting an oral pathology requiring LRA. The variables studied were: failure rate of LRA, the reasons of failure, the strategies used after failure and their efficiency. Data analysis was performed using Epi Info 3.5.4 software. The chi-square test was used, the p-value being considered significant if < 0.05. Results: The study sample consisted of 301 patients. The mean age was 29.9 ± 17.7 years and the sex ratio 1.3. The main pathologies were pulpopathies (47.8%). The most practiced nerve block was the truncal spina Spix anaesthesia (51.8%) with lidocaine and epinephrine. The failure rate of anaesthesia procedure was 73.4% due to the technique used. The strategies employed in case of failure were efficient in 81.4% of cases. Intra-pulpal and intra-septal anaesthesia were particularly mastered. Conclusion: Failures of LRA in odontostomatology in peripheral hospitals are very recurrent. It’s due to the lack of qualified experienced personnel. Strategies employed in the event of failure are efficient particularly intra-pulpal and intra-septal anaesthesia.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: análise bibliométrica na Web of Science
Authors: Barros Laércio de Jesus , Tomé Thais Melega
Published: December 2023

Essa obra tenciona fazer uma investigação quantitativa da produção acadêmica mundial em educação  ambiental, na base WEB OF SCIENCE/ISI. Os resultados encontrados indicam que: foram publicados um total de 3.998 documentos; num universo de 8.305 autores, quase 90% produziram apenas um artigo e Krasny ME, com 17 artigos, foi o autor que mais publicou; e o periódico com maior número de pesquisas publicadas é o ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION RESEARCH, com 266 obras. Espera-se que trabalhos futuros, compreendam um maior número de bases de dados ou incluam outros veículos de publicação, possibilitando um maior delineamento da temática em estudo.
RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIOAMBIENTAL CORPORATIVA: uma análise bibliométrica da produção científica na base Web of Science
Authors: Barros Laércio de Jesus , Tomé Thais Melega
Published: December 2023

Nas últimas décadas tem-se discutido qual deve ser o papel das empresas no contexto da Responsabilidade Social e o Meio Ambiente. Nesse sentido surge a temática referente à Responsabilidade Social Corporativa. Essa obra fez uma análise das publicações científicas dentro da base de dados WEB OF SCIENCE. Dentro do período compreendido entre os anos 1992 e 2022, foram localizados 4.012 artigos, escritos por 8.831 autores, vinculados a 3.154 instituições, localizadas em 120 países. Os resultados mostraram que essa literatura foi iniciada  em 1992 com a publicação de apenas 01 artigo e, em 2022, até meados de setembro foram produzidos 401 artigos, verificando-se um contínuo e crescente crescimento na elaboração de pesquisas sobre a temática analisada. Entre outros, foram identificados os periódicos com mais artigos publicados, os autores com mais citações e quais foram as universidades mais importantes dentro da temática em estudo. Por fim, declara-se que os resultados encontrados nessa obra ficam restritos à amostra analisada, composta por 4.012 artigos encontrados. Com o intuito de encontrar novas tendências e verificar algumas lacunas que ficaram pendentes, sugere-se que novos trabalhos realizem análises qualitativas que possam realizar um maior delineamento do perfil dos artigos.
MONTAGEM DO PAINEL DE AUTOMAÇÃO INDUSTRIAL: segurança em instalações elétricas
Authors: ARAÚJO Ademir Rufino de , CORDEIRO Charles Mateus , BOVÉRIO Maria Aparecida , SILVA Dejaime Pereira da
Published: December 2023

Os painéis de automação são projetados para alojarem todos os dispositivos utilizados em sua montagem. Os recursos tecnológicos nos painéis e acionamentos elétricos possibilitam a integração que permite a gestão de dados, geração de relatórios e controles detalhados de toda a operação, soluções para atender as demandas dentro da planta industrial, nos conceitos da Indústria 4.0. Considerando-se a importância dessa automação, o tema-problema de pesquisa foi “como deve ser a montagem de um painel de automação industrial que envolva segurança na instalação elétrica?” Partiu-se da hipótese de que, para isso, se faz necessário seguir as normas regulamentadoras. O objetivo desse trabalho foi pesquisar como se faz a montagem do painel de automação industrial com segurança na instalação elétrica, por meio de um estudo de caso e pesquisa aplicada, na empresa Átomos Serviços Ltda. Como resultado foi possível fazer a montagem de um painel de automação industrial, com segurança em instalações elétricas e concluir que, para isso, se faz necessário seguir as normas que regulamentam essa instalação, confirmando-se a hipótese inicial. Concluiu-se que as normas existem para preservar a segurança de todos, pois é por meio delas que se garante a qualidade e a segurança do painel desenvolvido.
AVALIAÇÃO DE PROGRAMAS DE TREINAMENTO EM TECNOLOGIAS BIOLÓGICAS EM UMA EMPRESA DO AGRONEGÓCIO
Authors: Godoy Andrey Mocelin de , Lima Gustavo Barbieri
Published: December 2023

Treinamentos e capacitações são importantes instrumentos para o aprimoramento das equipes e que podem acarretar o incremento das vendas das empresas. Assim sendo, o objetivo central da presente pesquisa é avaliar os impactos de programas de treinamento, voltados para o segmento de produtos biológicos direcionado para a equipe comercial, com base em um diagnóstico estruturado de necessidades, em uma empresa de insumos agrícolas estabelecida no Paraguai. Para tal, realizaram-se dois Focus Groups ou Grupos de Foco com 09 participantes da equipe comercial. As atividades foram realizadas nos dias 15 e 16 de novembro de 2022. Os principais resultados apontaram que: a) Treinamentos são ferramentas essenciais trazendo mais informação e segurança para a equipe, resultando em uma melhor assistência técnica e reflexo nas vendas; b) Os entrevistados, em sua grande maioria, estão satisfeitos com os programas e consideram essencial abordagens frequentes, com novas informações e profissionais capacitados.; c) Constatou-se que a equipe quer ser mais escutada, criar oportunidades para discutir e modular os programas quanto à conteúdo, metodologia e época seria importante para eles. Fornecer informações dos concorrentes e sempre diversificar as abordagens faria com que a empresa pudesse atingir um nível de excelência.
MANUTENÇÃO PREVENTIVA EM CENTROS DE USINAGEM: proposta para implementação
Authors: FERREIRA Aloisio Junio , ALVES Danilo Aparecido Truguilo , Bovério Maria Aparecida , SILVA Dejaime Pereira da
Published: December 2023

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de fazer uma proposta de implementação da manutenção preventiva em centros de usinagens do modelo ROMI da linha DISCOVERY em uma empresa da região de Ribeirão Preto – SP – Brasil. A metodologia adotada foi a pesquisa documental, por meio da consulta ao manual de manutenção da empresa fornecedora do equipamento, seguida de uma pesquisa aplicada. Como resultados foi feita a proposta, por meio de um cronograma completo, com períodos diários, semanais, mensais, trimestrais e anuais. Pôde-se concluir que a implementação da manutenção preventiva depende, principalmente, de dois fatores, o recurso para profissionais competentes e o tempo para realizá-la.
AGRICULTURA DE PRECISÃO:
Authors: Amado Rodrigues Monique , Carlos Geron Luis
Published: December 2023

Diante do desenvolvimento das tecnologias atuais, a agricultura tem recebido grandes investimentos para sua otimização e precisão. A automação se destaca pela sua capacidade de criar sistemas autônomos com pouca intervenção humana, com isso facilita os processos produtivos, devido sua maior precisão e segurança. Dentro desse contexto, o setor agrícola também tem se desenvolvido, se destacando pelo desenvolvimento de tecnologias presentes na Agricultura 4.0 e na Agricultura de Precisão. No Brasil, o setor sucroenergético existe em grande escala e, com o auxílio da automação e da Agricultura de Precisão, é possível desenvolver maquinários agrícolas automatizados e com o sistema Autopilot, voltados para a plantação de cana-de-açúcar, minimizando a fadiga do operador e, consequentemente, diminuindo acidentes e erros de trabalho, além de obter maior produtividade.
ANÁLISE DO PERFIL DO INVESTIDOR: um estudo na região de Sertãozinho
Authors: Rosa Lara João Victor , Tainá Paulin Iara , Aparecida Martins Ferreira Valéria , Souza Assis Ferreira Gabriela
Published: December 2023

Este artigo busca identificar e analisar o perfil do investidor na região de Sertãozinho. Por meio de uma pesquisa mercadológica realizada com a população regional foram coletados dados e informações relevantes sobre o comportamento e as atitudes em relação ao investimento. A partir desses resultados, é possível identificar os principais fatores que influenciam na decisão sobre investimentos. O estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para o desenvolvimento econômico local, fornecendo subsídios para a criação de políticas públicas e ações educacionais que promovam a conscientização financeira e o acesso aos instrumentos de investimento.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL II: análise das metodologias utilizadas em sala de aula
Authors: Barros Laércio de Jesus , Tomé Thais Melega
Published: December 2023

Essa obra visa analisar quais são as metodologias usadas pelos professores para efetuar a temática do meio ambiente em suas aulas. O procedimento metodológico é baseado na revisão bibliográfica, além da pesquisa de campo, que foi realizada por meio de questionário direcionado a professores e alunos do Ensino Fundamental em escolas públicas estaduais no município de Mogi das Cruzes. Os resultados encontrados mostram que: os profissionais que tratam da temática ambiental, tratam do assunto com iniciativas individuais na maioria das vezes desprovidas de fundamentação teórica e metodológica; apenas tentam reproduzir o discurso midiático e empresarial; têm uma percepção de que a Educação Ambiental é apenas uma transmissão de conscientização sobre a degradação do meio ambiente. Sugere-se que trabalhos futuros, incluam análises e outros tipos de pesquisas, a fim de possibilitar um maior delineamento do perfil dos entrevistados.
DESAFIOS E BENEFÍCIOS DA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA ABNT NBR ISO 9001:2015 EM UMA EMPRESA DE SOLUÇÕES TECNOLÓGICAS NA CIDADE DE SERTÃOZINHO-SP
Authors: Munutte Claudino Milena , Ataíde da Silva Tainara , Lucas Leone Edmar , Leandro Taguchi Renato
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar os desafios e os benefícios da implementação da norma ABNT NBR ISO 9001:2015 em uma empresa de soluções tecnológicas na cidade de Sertãozinho-SP, utilizando um estudo de caso como metodologia de pesquisa. A ISO 9001 é uma norma reconhecida internacionalmente que estabelece requisitos para um sistema de gestão da qualidade. Através de uma revisão bibliográfica e entrevistas com os colaboradores da empresa em estudo, foram identificados os principais desafios e benefícios da implementação da ISO 9001:2015. Os resultados obtidos contribuem para uma melhor compreensão dos benefícios da implementação da ISO 9001:2015 e podem auxiliar outras empresas na decisão de adotar esse sistema de gestão da qualidade.
Innovation of Population Administration Services During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Saputra Trio , Herlinda Dwi , Fauzan Farah
Published: December 2023

Abstract

 

This research aims to analyze the innovation in population administration services during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify the obstacles faced by the Pekanbaru City Population and Civil Registration Service. These challenges include disruption to the server network, limited processing quotas, and a lack of public awareness regarding the innovation of the SIPENDUDUK website. The research adopts a qualitative method involving descriptive analysis, as well as data collection through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results show that innovation in the SIPENDUK Administration Services during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Pekanbaru City Population and Civil Registration Service has been successful. Meanwhile, network disruptions, limited process service quotas, and lack of socialization are obstacles to the SIPENDUDUK website as an innovation in population administration services during the pandemic.

 

Keywords: Innovation; Population Administration Services; COVID-19

 

 

Abstrak

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan  menganalisis tentang bagaimana inovasi pelayanan administrasi kependudukan di masa pandemi Covid-19 serta apa saja yang menjadi kendala dalam  inovasi pelayanan di Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kota Pekanbaru. Hal ini karena adanya gangguan terhadap jaringan server, keterbatasan  kuota proses serta kurangnya sosialisasi terhadap masyarakat tentang inovasi website SIPENDUDUK.  Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Inovasi Pelayanan Administrasi SIPENDUDUK di Masa  Pandemi Covid-19 di Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kota Pekanbaru sudah berjalan dengan baik. Gangguan pada jaringan, keterbatasan kuota layanan proses dan kurangnya sosialisasi menjadi kendala pada website SIPENDUDUK sebagai inovasi pelayanan administrasi kependudukan di masa pandemi.

 

Kata kunci: Inovasi; Pelayanan Administrasi Kependudukan; Covid-19
Cleanthes Socraticus I: The Textual Background to SVF I.558-562 and Their Meaning
Authors: Demetracopoulos John A.
Published: December 2023

Re-examining Cleanthes’ SVF I.557-62 by means of establishing textual relations of them to their sources, I show that: (i) I.557-8, unlike how H. von Arnim construed them, have nothing to do with moral philosophy, but are simply two versions of exhortation to “philosophy”, taken as freedom of thought and application of reason to practical life, and (ii) Fr. I.558- 62 are directly and verbatim traceable back to Socrates’ moral thought as known via the corpus Platonicum plus Xenophon (1.558) and via bare Plato (1.559-62) as well as to Aristotle’s Protrepticus (Düring B53).
La integración de Portugal en la monarquía católica española en «El Bernardo» de Balbuena
Authors: Zulaica López Martín
Published: December 2023

Monarquía Católica española empleadas por Bernardo de Balbuena en El Bernardo o victoria de Roncesvalles (1624). Con este fin se analiza: la introducción de Portugal en las descripciones de la península ibérica como uno más de los reinos hispánicos, dos lances proféticos presentados por boca de la ninfa Iberia y del mago Tlascalán, y un episodio que transforma al pecador rey godo Rodrigo, por intercesión del mártir san Vicente, en un nuevo miembro del santoral godo.
Applications and advancements of CRISPR-Cas in the treatment of lung cancer
Authors: Lei Pan , Ju Yixin , Peng Fenfen , Luo Jie
Published: December 2023

Lung cancer is one of the most malignant diseases and a major contributor to cancer-related deaths worldwide due to the deficiency of early diagnosis and effective therapy that are of great importance for patient prognosis and quality of life. Over the past decade, the advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) system has significantly propelled the progress of both fundamental research and clinical trials of lung cancer. In this review, we review the current applications of the CRISPR/Cas system in diagnosis, target identification, and treatment resistance of lung cancer. Furthermore, we summarize the development of lung cancer animal models and delivery methods based on CRISPR system, providing novel insights into clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies of lung cancer.
Research on the correlation between the processing technology of conjugated nanomaterials and the design of sports equipment
Authors: Miao Yaguo
Published: December 2023

The processing technology of conjugated nanomaterials and the design of sports equipment are often regarded as two independent fields, resulting in poor performance in sports equipment design. Analyze the characteristics, preparation methods, and potential applications of conjugated nanomaterials, and use the unique properties of conjugated nanomaterials to improve the performance of sports equipment. Graphene conducts electricity very well and is the hardest among nanomaterials. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit good thermal conductivity. Therefore, this paper proposes to use CNT and graphene materials in Natural Rubber (NR) composites in sports equipment, and explores the relationship between the two. The experimental results showed that after 1,200 cycles, the CNT capacitances of M-120//GO, M-160//GO, and M-180//GO reached 43.3%, 87.3%, and 46.5% of the initial specific capacitance, respectively, indicating that the electrochemical storage performance of M-160//GO capacitor is good and the stability is high. The application in sports equipment can improve the battery capacity and enhance the practicability of the equipment.
Entomopathogenic fungi based microbial insecticides and their physiological and biochemical effects on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)
Authors: Vivekanandhan Perumal , Swathy Kannan , Lucy Alford , Sarayut Pittarate , Patcharin Krutmuang
Published: December 2023

Background

‘The fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda’, represents a significant threat to maize production, a major staple crop in Asian countries.

Methods

In pursuit of more effective control of this insect pest, our study assessed the physiological and biochemical effects of the entomopathogenic fungusMetarhizium anisopliaeagainst the larvae ofS. frugiperda.

Results

Results revealed that, following nine days of treatment, a high concentration of conidia (1.5x107conidia/mL-1) was toxic to all stages of larvae (second to fifth instar), resulting in 97% mortality of the second instar, 89% mortality of the third instar, 77% mortality of the fourth instar, and 72% mortality of fifth instar. All larval instars were found to have dose-dependent mortality effects. TreatedS. frugiperdalarvae further displayed significant physiological, morphological, and behavioral changes. Here, treated larvae displayed significantly lower levels of acetylcholinesterase, α-carboxylesterase, and β-carboxylesterase enzyme activity when compared to control groups. Treated larvae underwent an outward morphological change as the result of a decrease in the exterior cuticle of the anal papillae and a demelanization of the interior cuticle. Treated larvae also exhibited abnormal feeding behaviors as a consequence of the negative impact of conidia treatment on the neuromuscular system. Investigation into the effect ofM. anisopliaeon the non-target organism, the earthwormEudrilus eugeniae, revealed thatM. anisopliaeconidia did not produce significant pathogenicity following three days of treatment. Furthermore, histological analysis revealed no significant effect of the entomopathogenic fungi on the gut tissue of the non-target organism.

Conclusion

This study highlights the potential ofM. anisopliaein the control ofS. frugiperda.
Bridging disciplinary aesthetics: when mathematics meets art through educational technology
Authors: Karavakou Myrto , Kynigos Chronis , Sinclair Nathalie
Published: December 2023

In this article, we discuss the way students’ aesthetic experiences can shape the learning of mathematics at higher school levels. We designed a learning environment based on three main design principles: (1) Mathematics as Artistic, where mathematics is used for open artistic creation; (2) Aesthetically rich mathematical experiences, that enable students to appreciate mathematical beauty and aesthetic experiences of wondering, imagining, conjecturing, testing, discovering, making connections, problem posing and solving; (3) Constructionism, where mathematical sense making is interwoven with constructing a personally meaningful digital artefact. Two students of the 11th grade participated in a case study, where they used expressive digital resources for representing, manipulating and exploring periodic functions in order to create an animated artefact based on a piece of music. The collected data fed the formation of a theoretical model for analysing students’ aesthetically driven mathematical meaning making, in an attempt to structure existing theoretical concepts around mathematical aesthetics in education. A part of the analysis of students’ aesthetic experiences based on this model is presented and further reflectively discussed with respect to the prospect of an aesthetically oriented curriculum reform.
Clinical feature and genetic analysis of HMBS gene in Chinese patients with acute intermittent porphyria: a systematic review
Authors: Ren Yi , Li Shuang , Lei Jia-Jia , Li Ru , Dong Bai-Xue , Yang Jing
Published: December 2023

Background: Early detection and diagnosis are important crucial to prevent life-threatening acute attacks in patients with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). We aim to provide comprehensive data on the clinical and hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) gene variant characteristics and genotype-phenotype association of Chinese patients with AIP in order to improve clinicians’ knowledge of AIP and reduce misdiagnosis and mistaken treatment.

Methods: We searched the literature on Chinese patients with AIP in PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect and Chinese literature databases up to August 2023 in our analysis to explore the clinical and HMBS gene variant characteristics of Chinese patients with AIP.

Results: A total of 41 original articles associated with Chinese AIP patients were included for analysis: 97 variants were detected in 160 unrelated families, including 35 missense, 29 frameshift, 24 splicing and 9 nonsense variants, with c.517C>T being the most common variant. Clinical data were reported in 77 of 160 patients: Most of them were female (67/77) and the age was 28.8 ± 9.9 years. The most common symptom was abdominal pain (73/77, 94.8%), followed by central nervous system symptoms (45/77, 58.4%). 13.0% (10/77) of patients experienced psychiatric symptoms. Hyponatremia was the most common electrolyte abnormality (42/77). 31 patients received carbohydrate loading therapy, and 30 of them were improved. 6 patients were treated with carbohydrate loading combined with hemin therapy and 5 eventually improved. All variants causing premature stop codons, frameshifts or enzyme activity center may experience more severe clinical phenotypes such as seizures, respiratory paralysis, intracranial hemorrhage disorder or respiratory failure.

Conclusion: The most common presenting symptom in Chinese AIP patients was abdominal pain, followed by central nervous system symptoms. The HMBS gene analysis in Chinese AIP patients revealed that the heterogeneity is strong and the most common variant was missense mutation, with c.517C>T being the most common variant. The genotype-phenotype association helps guide clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, the treatment for AIP in China is limited and monolithic, and more attention needs to be paid to the treatment.
Inducing enhanced neutralizing antibodies against broad SARS-CoV-2 variants through glycan-shielding multiple non-neutralizing epitopes of RBD
Authors: Zhang Qingyun , Yang Yi , Lan Jun , Wang Ziyi , Gao Yan , Li Xiao , Mao Weidong , Xie Jing , Mi Li-Zhi , Zhang Xiangyang , Wang Xinquan , Mu Xin , Mei Kunrong
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, vaccines have demonstrated their effectiveness in resisting virus infection, reducing severity, and lowering the mortality rate in infected individuals. However, due to the rapid and ongoing mutations of SARS-CoV-2, the protective ability of many available vaccines has been challenged. Therefore, there is an urgent need for vaccines capable of eliciting potent broadly neutralizing antibodies against various SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Methods

In this study, we developed a novel subunit vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 by introducing a series of shielding glycans to the Fc-fused receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the prototypic spike protein. This approach aims to mask non-neutralizing epitopes and focus the immune response on crucial neutralizing epitopes.

Results

All modified sites were confirmed to be highly glycosylated through mass spectrometry analysis. The binding affinity of the glycan-shielded RBD (gsRBD) to the human ACE2 receptor was comparable to that of the wildtype RBD (wtRBD). Immunizing mice with gsRBD when combined with either Freund’s adjuvant or aluminum adjuvant demonstrated that the introduction of the glycan shield did not compromise the antibody-inducing ability of RBD. Importantly, the gsRBD significantly enhanced the generation of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses compared to the wtRBD. Notably, it exhibited remarkable protective activity against Beta (B.1.351), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529), approximately 3-fold, 7- fold, and 17-fold higher than wtRBD, respectively.

Discussion

Our data proved this multiple-epitope masking strategy as an effective approach for highly active vaccine production.
Polychaete (Alitta virens) meal inclusion as a dietary strategy for modulating gut microbiota of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Authors: Monteiro Marta , Rimoldi Simona , Costa Rafaela S. , Kousoulaki Katerina , Hasan Imam , Valente Luisa M. P. , Terova Genciana
Published: December 2023

Recent research has revealed the significant impact of novel feed ingredients on fish gut microbiota, affecting both the immune status and digestive performance. As a result, analyzing the microbiota modulatory capabilities may be a useful method for assessing the potential functionality of novel ingredients. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary polychaete meal (PM) from Alitta virens on the autochthonous and allochthonous gut microbiota of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Two diets were compared: a control diet with 25% fishmeal (FM) and a diet replacing 40% of fishmeal with PM, in a 13-week feeding trial with juvenile fish (initial weight of 14.5 ± 1.0 g). The feed, digesta, and mucosa-associated microbial communities in fish intestines were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The results of feed microbiota analyses showed that the PM10 feed exhibited a higher microbial diversity than the FM diet. However, these feed-associated microbiota differences were not mirrored in the composition of digesta and mucosal communities. Regardless of the diet, the digesta samples consistently exhibited higher species richness and diversity than the mucosa samples. Overall, digesta samples were characterized by a higher abundance of Firmicutes in PM-fed fish. In contrast, at the gut mucosa level, the relative abundances of Mycobacterium, Taeseokella and Clostridium genera were lower in the group fed the PM10 diet. Significant differences in metabolic pathways were also observed between the FM and PM10 groups in both mucosa and digesta samples. In particular, the mucosal pathways of caffeine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and sulfur relay system were significantly altered by PM inclusion. The same trend was observed in the digesta valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation and secretion pathways. These findings highlight the potential of PM as an alternative functional ingredient in aquafeeds with microbiota modulatory properties that should be further explored in the future.
The roles of short-chain fatty acids derived from colonic bacteria fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates and exogenous forms in ameliorating intestinal mucosal immunity of young ruminants
Authors: He Zhiyuan , Dong Hong
Published: December 2023

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are a class of organic fatty acids that consist of 1 to 6 carbons in length. They are primary end-products which arise from non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) fermentation of colonic bacteria. They are the fundamental energy sources for post-weaning ruminants. SCFA represent the major carbon flux of diet through the gut microbiota to the host. They also play a vital role in regulating cell expansion and gene expression of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Recently, remarkable progresses have been made in understanding the immunomodulatory effects of SCFA and their interactions with the host. The processes involved in this study encompassed inflammasome activation, proliferation of lymphocytes, and maturation of intestinal mucosal immunity maturation. It is important to note that the establishment and maturation of intestinal mucosal immune system are intricately connected to the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and the homeostasis of gut microbiota. Thus, insights into the role of SCFA in enteric mucosal immunoreaction of calves will enhance our understanding of their various regulatory functions. This review aims to analyze recent evidence on the role of SCFA as essential signaling molecules between gut microbiota and animal health. Additionally, we provide a summary of current literature on SCFA in intestinal mucosal immune responses of dairy calves.
Case Report: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy rather than hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis—the initial phenotype of PRF1 gene mutation
Authors: Hu Lin-Yan , Wan Lin , Wang Qiu-Hong , Shi Xiu-Yu , Meng Yan , Yang Xiao-Fan , Yang Guang , Zou Li-Ping
Published: December 2023

Perforin is essentially involved in the granule-dependent killing activities of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells. Monoallelic PRF1 mutation increases the risk of autoimmune diseases, and biallelic PRF1 mutation causes familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-2. Here, we report a case of a 12-year-old girl with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), followed by a rapidly progressive onset of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) 9 months later, alongside manifestations of demyelinating encephalopathy. Genetic sequencing revealed a heterozygous nonsense mutation in the PRF1 gene (c.984G>A; p.W328*) and a heterozygous missense mutation in the PRF1 gene (c.1349C>T; p.T450M). Eventually, she died because of no suitable allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell available in time. Our observations suggest that CIPD might represent the initial phenotype of biallelic PRF1 mutation and could serve as an early sign of subsequent HLH. A comprehensive understanding of this condition is paramount for timely diagnosis, treatment, and ultimately improved patient outcomes.
The KIR repertoire of a West African chimpanzee population is characterized by limited gene, allele, and haplotype variation
Authors: de Groot Natasja G. , Heijmans Corrine M.C. , van der Wiel Marit K.H. , Bruijnesteijn Jesse , Bontrop Ronald E.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) play a pivotal role in modulating the NK cell responses, for instance, through interaction with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Both gene systems map to different chromosomes but co-evolved during evolution. The human KIR gene family is characterized by abundant allelic polymorphism and copy number variation. In contrast, our knowledge of the KIR repertoire in chimpanzees is limited to 39 reported alleles, with no available population data. Only three genomic KIR region configurations have been mapped, and seventeen additional ones were deduced by genotyping.

Methods

Previously, we documented that the chimpanzee MHC class I repertoire has been skewed due to an ancient selective sweep. To understand the depth of the sweep, we set out to determine the full-length KIR transcriptome – in our MHC characterized pedigreed West African chimpanzee cohort – using SMRT sequencing (PacBio). In addition, the genomic organization of 14 KIR haplotypes was characterized by applying a Cas9-mediated enrichment approach in concert with long-read sequencing by Oxford Nanopore Technologies.

Results

In the cohort, we discovered 35 undescribed and 15 already recorded Patr-KIR alleles, and a novel hybrid KIR gene. Some KIR transcripts are subject to evolutionary conserved alternative splicing events. A detailed insight on the KIR region dynamics (location and order of genes) was obtained, however, only five new KIR region configurations were detected. The population data allowed to investigate the distribution of the MHC-C1 and C2-epitope specificity of the inhibitory lineage III KIR repertoire, and appears to be skewed towards C2.

Discussion

Although the KIR region is known to evolve fast, as observed in other primate species, our overall conclusion is that the genomic architecture and repertoire in West African chimpanzees exhibit only limited to moderate levels of variation. Hence, the ancient selective sweep that affected the chimpanzee MHC class I region may also have impacted the KIR system.
Residual strain measurement based on longitudinal to shear wave velocity ratio with a dual-mode EMAT
Authors: Dang Geng , Pei Cuixiang , Yang Zhanfeng , Zhou Haiqiang
Published: December 2023

In this paper, a new and noncontact method with measuring longitudinal to shear wave velocity ratio by a dual-mode electromagnetic acoustic transducer is proposed for residual strain measurement in a metal structure without knowing its thickness. Firstly, the theoretical derivation of the ratio of longitudinal and shear wave velocities in electromagnetic ultrasound was conducted, and based on this, the effectiveness of the dual-mode bulk wave electromagnetic acoustic transducer was simulated. Secondly, the longitudinal and shear wave velocities of uniaxial stretched aluminum plates with different residual strains were measured using the established electromagnetic ultrasound experimental system. Finally, the ratio of longitudinal and shear wave velocities of specimens with different plastic deformations was analyzed, achieving quantitative non-destructive testing of residual strain in uniaxial tensile aluminum plates.
MASLD treatment—a shift in the paradigm is imminent
Authors: Machado Mariana Verdelho
Published: December 2023

MASLD prevalence is growing towards the leading cause of end-stage liver disease. Up to today, the most effective treatment is weight loss. Weight loss interventions are moving from lifestyle changes to bariatric surgery or endoscopy, and, more recently, to a new wave of anti-obesity drugs that can compete with bariatric surgery. Liver-targeted therapy is a necessity for those patients who already present liver fibrosis. The field is moving fast, and in the near future, we will testify to a disruptive change in MASLD treatment, similar to the paradigm-shift that occurred for hepatitis C almost one decade ago with direct antiviral agents.
The mediatory role of inflammatory markers on the relationship between the NOVA classification system and obesity phenotypes among obese and overweight adult women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hajmir Mahya Mehri , Shiraseb Farideh , Hosseininasab Dorsa , Aali Yasaman , Hosseini Shabnam , Mirzaei Khadijeh
Published: December 2023

Background

Diet and inflammation both play important roles in the occurrence of obesity. We aimed to investigate the role of inflammation in the development of both metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO) individuals.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 221 overweight and obese women aged 18–56 years. The study assessed the metabolic health phenotypes of the participants using the Karelis criterion score. Additionally, dietary intakes were evaluated using a 147-item semi-quantitative questionnaire and the NOVA classification system (comprising 37 food groups and beverages). The study also collected and analyzed the blood parameters, as well as biochemical and anthropometric indices, for all participants.

Results

Among the women included in the study, 22.9% had MHO phenotypes but 77.1% had MUHO phenotypes. A significant association between the third quartile of the NOVA classification system and the increased likelihood of having the MUHO phenotype was observed (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.09–4.92, p = 0.04). Regarding the potential role of inflammatory markers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (p = 0.84), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) (p = 0.50), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (p = 0.49), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (p = 0.97), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.92) were found to be mediators.

Conclusion

We observed a significant positive association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the MUHO phenotype in overweight and obese women. This association appeared to be mediated by some inflammatory markers, such as hs-CRP, TGF-β, MCP-1, PAI-1, and HOMA-IR. Additional studies are needed to validate these findings.
Case Report: Leiomyosarcoma of the right external iliac artery: a diagnostic-based study on a rare case
Authors: Olivier Mpano , Ryash Ahmed Abu , Yin Weiwei , Bao YuHui , Zhou Qiangyong , Wang Xi , Chen Guorong , Yan Xiaojian
Published: December 2023

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is an uncommon and aggressive form of cancer that originates in the smooth muscles. It possesses the capacity for rapid growth and often manifests with general, nonspecific symptoms arising from the displacement of nearby structures rather than direct invasion. In this particular instance, an 81-year-old woman presented with right lower abdominal pain, leading to the discovery of a mass adjacent to the right external iliac artery. In this case, the patient was misdiagnosed initially because of her nonspecific and poorly distinguished clinical symptoms. The laboratory results were within normal ranges. A well-defined tumor was detected through laparoscopic operation and subsequently surgically excised. The histopathological analysis of the tumor revealed the presence of malignant spindle cells, nuclear pleomorphism, and tumor giant cells. Immunohistochemistry tests indicated positive results for CD34 and Desmin, while CD117 and DOG1 showed adverse effects. It is worth noting that LMS of the right external iliac artery is an infrequent occurrence, potentially resulting in delayed diagnosis and misidentification. To enhance our comprehension of this uncommon cancer, more cases with detailed information are essential.
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) elevation in children with newly diagnosed cancer
Authors: Runco Daniel V. , DiMeglio Linda A. , Vanderpool Charles P. , Han Yan , Daggy Joanne , Kelley Mary M. , Mikesell Raya , Zimmers Teresa A.
Published: December 2023

Background

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), an inflammatory marker and mediator of adult cancer cachexia, remains largely unexplored in children. GDF15 increases nausea, vomiting, and anorexia in cancer and contributes to malnutrition, with the potential to be a cachexia therapeutic target. No studies have examined GDF15 in children with newly diagnosed cancer. Our pilot study compares GDF15 in children with newly diagnosed cancer to age- and sex-matched controls and correlates levels with anthropometric measurements and quality of life (QOL).

Methods

Children with newly diagnosed cancer aged 2-21 years were enrolled with serum GDF15 ELISA, anthropometric measures [height, weight, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC)], and QOL assessments (using PedsQL™ Core and Gastrointestinal Modules), which were collected at baseline and repeated 3 months later. Serum GDF15 levels were obtained from age- and sex-matched controls for comparison.

Results

A total of 57 participants enrolled (N=30, cancer group; N=27, control group) with a median age of 8.8 years (IQR 5.6-15.9 years). The participants were primarily male (54.4%), white (82.5%), and non-Hispanic (82.5%). Cancer diagnoses included acute lymphoblastic leukemia (N=8), lymphoma (N=8), neuroblastoma (N=5), soft tissue tumors (N=4), acute myeloid leukemia (N=2), and single participants with brain, kidney, and bone tumors. Baseline GDF15 was higher in the cancer cohort compared to the control cohort (median=614.6pg/mL and 320.5pg/mL, respectively; p<0.001). When examining participants with evaluable baseline and 3-month follow-up GDF15 levels (N=18), GDF15 was not statistically different (median=657.1pg/mL and 675.3pg/mL, respectively; p=0.702). A total of 13 of the 30 participants and 21 caregivers completed the PedsQL™ Core and Gastrointestinal symptom modules. QOL scores did not differ significantly at 3-month follow-up compared to baseline, but diarrhea worsened (p=0.017). Median participant response for diarrhea at baseline was 92.9 (IQR=92.9-96.4; N=13), which was significantly better than the follow-up (median=78.6; IQR= 71.4-92.9; p=0.017). There were no correlations between change in height, weight, or MUAC and change in GDF15 levels (p=0.351, 0.920, and 0.269 respectively).

Conclusion

GDF15 was elevated in children with cancer at diagnosis compared to controls but did not correlate with anthropometric measurements or QOL. This pilot study will inform future prospective studies to better describe the natural history of GDF15 and its role in cachexia and as a potential therapeutic target.