bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengendalian Tunneling Dalam Asset Utilization: Sebuah Tinjauan Teoritis
Authors: Herdinata Christian
Published: August 2020

Johnson et al. (2000) define tunneling as the transfer of resources out of the

company for the benefit of controlling shareholders. This study will focus on institutional ownership and debt policy which will be further investigated as a control mechanism that occurs in asset utilization and has an impact on company performance.  The  results  of  the  theoretical  review  of  this  study,  namely institutional ownership and debt policy can control tunneling in asset utilization. Control mechanisms through institutional ownership of company performance can occur because institutional shareholders are very interested in company performance because a large portion of institutional shareholders' wealth is directly related to the company's wealth. The control is relevant to the owner because it is related to wealth that is tied to the company it owns, so that through increasing the proportion of institutional ownership it can reduce agency costs that arise, especially in the case of asset utilization of the company through supervision carried out. The control mechanism through debt policy on company performance can occur because the debt policy is carried out by the owner by transferring it to the banks or creditors to conduct supervision so as to maximize the performance of the company. The control becomes relevant because it is related to funds lent by banks or creditors to the company so that the company is expected to be able to pay interest and principal loans when due.
Implementasi Lean Canvas Pada Project Corporate Entrepreneurship
Authors: Harianto Eric
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research is to (1) identify project corporate entrepreneurship

with the application of lean canvas; (2) identify constraints in the application of lean  canvas  in  corporate entrepreneurship  projects;  (3) identify the  benefits contained in the application of lean canvas in corporate entrepreneurship projects. Data is collected from October 2018 to December 2018. The method used is descriptive research method with qualitative approach. The researcher conducted interviews with 5 informants. The analysis tools used are lean start up and lean canvas. The data analysis techniques used is Creswell data analysis techniques (2014). The results of this study are (1) project corporate entrepreneurship can be implemented in nine lean canvas blocks and can easily see the concept of optimization model and linkages between nine blocks in lean canvas; (2) the most difficult constraints experienced are when filling key metric blocks and unfair advantages in the lean canvas; (3) the researcher can easily analyze project corporate entrepreneurship in determining future strategies in order to find out which projects are effective or not to be continued or developed based on the achievement measured in the key metric blocks in one of the lean canvas blocks and the integration of nine blocks in lean canvas.
Analisis Kepemilikan Institusional Tinggi Dan Rendah Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan Di Indonesia
Authors: Herdinata Christian
Published: August 2020

This study examined based on data of companies in Indonesia about the relationship between institutional ownership and corporate performance. In particular, institutional ownership will be distinguished by a high institutional ownership and low institutional ownership in order to determine the specific impact of institutional ownership on the performance of companies in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using different test mean with a sample of 136 companies. This study shows that a high institutional ownership gives a higher impact on the performance of the company compared with a low institutional ownership. Therefore, it reinforces the finding that high institutional ownership impacts in its monitoring compared to low ownership and corporate performance.
Analisis Kepatuhan Laporan Keuangan Koperasi Berdasarkan SAK ETAP
Authors: Yuniarsih Nia
Published: August 2020

The objective of this research is to describe the compliance annual report Koperasi Sekar Melati IBI Kota Surabaya with Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Tanpa Akuntabilitas Publik (SAK ETAP). Operational definition this research to measure compliance are components of Financial Statements, Recognition, Measurement, Balance Sheet Account’s, Income Statement Account’s, Statement of Equity Exchange Account’s, Cash Flow Statement Account’s. The research method using descriptive analysis. The sampling technique used documentation of the Annual Financial Statement of Koperasi Sekar Melati IBI Kota Surabaya ended year 2015. The results of this study indicate that the Financial Statements Koperasi Sekar Melati IBI Kota Surabaya still not comply with the SAK ETAP.
Perlakuan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai Transaksi E-Commerce Di Indonesia
Authors: Lim Setiadi Alim , Indrawati Lilik
Published: August 2020

Developments in science and technology is very rapid at the end of the 20th century, especially information and communication technologies have caused changes in many areas of life, including the business life. One of the benefits of information and communication technologies in the business world is the support of the implementation of bisnis transactions are done online or so-called ecommerce (electronic commerce) through the use of the internet network. Ecommerce transactions are growing very rapidly from year to year. Given the potential tax revenue from this sector, governments around the world must give great attention to the taxation of e-commerce transactions, including the imposition of Value Added Tax. In Indonesia, the taxation of e-commerce transactions are regulated in Circular of the Director General of Tax No. SE-62/PJ/2013 dated December 27, 2013. But what is regulated in Circular of the Director General of Tax No. SE-62/PJ/2013 dated December 27, 2013 is deemed still not enough to regulate all matters relating to the imposition of Value Added Tax on e-commerce transactions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a set of rules comprehensive for the imposition of Value Added Tax on e-commerce transactions.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Di Indonesia
Authors: Lim Setiadi Alim , Indrawati Lilik
Published: August 2020

The success of a country in developing its country depends largely on the success of providing sufficient budget for the financing of development programs. The main sources of development financing budgets generally come from tax revenues. A country will be able to generate maximum revenue in the tax sector, if the country's tax compliance level is high. The results of research from Belkaoui (2004) showed that Indonesia was ranked 22nd out of 30 countries under study of tax compliance, with a tax compliance index of 2.53. This shows that the level of tax compliance in Indonesia is still low. Therefore, Indonesia must make various efforts to improve taxpayer compliance. The efforts undertaken must consider the factors that affect tax compliance.
Risiko Kredit, Likuiditas Dan Kecukupan Modal Terhadap Profitabilitas Berdampak Pada Return Saham
Authors: Kempa Sesilya
Published: August 2020

There are the problem of credit risk, liquidty risk and capital adequacy affecting the level of the bank performance. The study is aimed to find empirical evidence of the relationship of credit risk, liquidity risk and capital adequacy toward profitability and its impact to bank stock returns. This study uses causality approach with path analysis techniques to obtain results. The results showed that credit risk (NPL) has negative effect toward the profitability (ROA and ROE). While liquidity risk (LDR) has positive effect on ROA and capital adequacy (CAR) affects neghatively toward ROE. Furthermore, ROA negatively affects stock returns and ROE has positive effect on stock return.
Kebijakan Dan Strategi Pengelolaan Manajemen Modal Kerja
Authors: Herdinata Christian , Kohardinata Cliff , Kusuma Meidiahna
Published: August 2020

Working capital (capital) ie cash, accounts receivable, inventory. Companies follow a working capital cycle. Some things related to this are: (1) the cash conversion cycle is how much time the funds are tied up in working capital or how much time between the payment for working capital and cash collection from the sale of working capital (Brigham and Houston, 2014 ); (2) the average collection period is the average time required to convert raw materials into finished goods and sell them (Brigham and Houston, 2014); (3) the average collection period is the average time required to change a company's receivables into cash or to collect cash after a sale; (4) the payable period (payables deferral period) is the average time between the purchase of raw materials and labor with cash payments. The results of this study explain the strategies and policies that can be used in medium-sized businesses.
Knowledge Management Sebagai Anteceden Kinerja UMKM
Authors: Inggawati V. Ratna , Hami Bruno
Published: August 2020

MSMEs is a form of business classified as small to medium, from the size of the worker, the total value of net assets, the level of sales and investment is not large. Most MSMEs are owned and managed by individuals, so the most common problem is not being able to maintain performance continuity. One reason is that the owners and managers of MSMEs do not understand the importance of Knowledge Management. Knowledge and expertise are only stored as the thought of its predecessors in the form of tacit knowledge. It should be realized in the form of explicit knowledge. If that does not happen, the performance of MSMEs will be decreased, because the business depends on the memory or habit that occurred. If one day the predecessor retires or dies, then the business falls and eventually goes bankrupt.
Experimental investigation on the correlation between the physicochemical properties and catalytic activity of six DESs in Kabachnik-Fields reaction
Authors: Machingal Shaibuna , Krishnapillai Sreekumar
Published: August 2020

Physicochemical properties of six Type IV- Deep eutectic solvents formed from ZrOCl2.8H2O/ CeCl3.7H2O   with urea, ethylene glycol & glycerol were compared. The study was performed by correlating the properties of DESs with their activity in Kabachnik-Fields reaction. Among the six DESs, lower density, viscosity, higher acidity & thermal stability were observed for DES 1(Deep eutectic solvent developed from ZrOCl2.8H2O and urea at 1: 5 ratio) and is reported as an excellent catalyst and reaction medium for the productive synthesis of α-aminophosphonates within a short period of time. One pot reaction of an aldehyde, dimethyl phosphite and amine (Kabachnik-Fields/ Phospha-Mannich reaction) took place at room temperature to give the corresponding α-aminophosphonates in good yield and the precipitation of these products in to water avoided the regular work up process. Catalyst was recycled up to five times without any loss in its activity.
SYRIAN REFUGEES IN TURKEY:	Implementation of Turkey Open Door Policy in Dealing with Syrian Refugees
Authors: Rizqullah Muhammad Fawwaz Syafiq , Putri Fadhillah Jofianta , Afridita Shania , Purnomo Halim
Published: August 2020

The Syria refugees’ problems in the Middle East with most of the victims are Muslim is the humanitarian cases which still cannot be fixed until nowadays. In order to response that problems Turkey government which has majority society are Muslim and supported by the geographical location because Turkey has located nearby Syria take action and created policy to support Syria refugees in order to help their life. However, the aim of this paper is to puzzle out the Turkey aim in implementing the open-door policy by Turkey government under president Recep Tayyip Erdogan. By using Regime theory by qualitative research method based on journal, book, and other credible resource. This paper find out several if there is some reason behind why Turkey implementing the policy toward Syria refugees there are first, become the reason to enter as the full members of EU, second, in order to gain bargaining position and lifting the name of Turkey as the country who care about humanitarian cases in international scale, and third as the evidence of Turkey if Turkey has ratifying the UN convention on human right. This paper also explains about how Turkey action in facilitating the Syria refugees and try to protect their right and life. And lastly, this paper also gives information about challenging that Turkey dealing in implementing this policy to help the Syria refugees.
KONSTRUKSI STIGMA MISTIS KOTA BANYUWANGI DALAM CERITA KKN DI DESA PENARI
Authors: Hasan Nurul
Published: August 2020

Research objectives: (1) knowing how to reconstruct the values of the thread / story in desa penari, (2) knowing the extent of representing the   dancer's value as Banyuwangi imagery in kkn desa penari. The research object is the thread / KKN story in desa penari. This type of descriptive qualitative research using Gamson and Modigliani framing analysis models. Primary data were obtained from the main data sources in the form of dialogue and narration that collected the figures of dancer in the story. Secondary data obtained from reading material such journals, books, articles on the internet, and various research results. The study results show that Simple Man's perspective influences the reader in interpreting social reality based on its construction. Simple Man summarized Banyuwangi as a city on the eastern tip of java island, known by Gandrung dance as the icon of the city, which is famous for maintaining its traditions and rituals, low-economic society and most of its inhabitants live in forests / remote, and wilderness that is still natural but famous for its haunted so as to build a negative image of Banyuwangi. Simple Man is quite familiar with the meaning of dancers who make the community as the Banyuwangi icon, where the dance is known as the Gandrung dance which is usually staged for festivals and welcoming guests, but imaging the dancer's value is interpreted as a ghostly faceless ghost who brings bad image for Banyuwangi.
KAJIAN SEMIOTIK BUDAYA MASYARAKAT: Nilai Keislaman dalam Tradisi Ter-ater di Lumajang
Authors: Jailani Abdul Kodir , Rachman Rio Febriannur
Published: August 2020

This article examines the Islamic values ​​embodied in the “ter-ater” tradition in Lumajang. “Ter-ater” is a habit of the people in Lumajang, at certain moments, distributing food to neighbors or relatives in the surrounding environment. Before food is distributed, the people pray tohether first. The method used in this study is qualitative with a semiotics approach. The research location is Kalipenggung Village, Randuagung District, Lumajang Regency. Data collection techniques are interviewing, observing, and studying literature. Data analysis are performed by reducing or sorting, presenting, and formulating conclusions. The results of this study state that there are Islamic values ​​in the “ter-ater” tradition, among others, to foster a spirit of charity, strengthen brotherhood among Muslims, and preserve good habits in the community. This research is useful as an addition to the scientific literature in the field of communication, especially the science of semiotics, in connection with the study of the traditions of the Islamic community.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO POLO DE APOIO PRESENCIAL NA EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA (EAD) EM SAÚDE: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Authors: Libera Larisse Silva Dalla , Costa Carla Danielle Dias
Published: August 2020

Introdução: A qualidade da Educação a distância (EAD) em saúde está intrinsecamente relacionada com a estruturação do curso, com seu plano pedagógico e sua regulamentação. Para que isso ocorra, o Polo de Apoio Presencial deve operacionar toda a logística do ensino. Objetivo: Analisar através da literatura a importância de um Polo de Apoio Presencial bem estruturado na qualidade do ensino a distância em saúde. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo narrativo realizado por meio do levantamento bibliográfico e documental de publicações contidas nas bases de dados SCIELO, LILACS, BVS e buscador Google Acadêmico. Resultados e Discussão: O maior uso da EAD em saúde é na educação continuada de profissionais que já atuam nesta área. O Polo é usado principalmente nos momentos presenciais como estágios e nas avaliações, sendo muito importante para validação do aluno da saúde, que necessita desses momentos para se aperfeiçoar e dar legitimidade ao curso. Conclusão: Percebe-se que mesmo com o crescimento da EAD os cursos na área da saúde sofrem com paradigmas vindos do ensino clássico da modalidade presencial, mas um Polo bem estruturado e específico, impacta diretamente na qualidade do ensino a distância, sejam eles da saúde ou não.
Effect of Problem Based Learnig Model on Students Activity and Analytical Skills in Social Studies Project
Authors: . Pramiftasari , Nella Andita , . Rusijono , . Harmanto
Published: August 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of problem-based learning models on the activities of fourth grade elementary school students and analyze the effect of problem-based learning models on the analytical skills of fourth grade elementary school students. Implementation of problem-based learning models requires students to actively work together and analyze the problems being studied so that theoretically the application of this model affects the activities and ability of student analysis. This research is an experimental research design with pretest posttest control group design. The subjects of this study were fourth grade students at SDN Tawangsari 1 Sidoarjo. Data collection techniques through observation of student activity sheets and tests of student analysis skills. The analysis technique used is the t test. In this case the t test was carried out twice, first, to find out the initial conditions of the experimental group and the control group and second to find out the conditions after being treated. The results of the t test activity analysis and the students' analytical skills between the control class and the experimental class before being treated showed no significant difference (tcount 1.222 < ttable 2.011 and sig. 2 tailed value 0.233 > 0.05 student activity; tcount 0.164 < ttable 2.011 and the value of sig.2 tailed 0.871 > 0.05 analytical skills). While the results of the t test after being treated showed that there were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group (tcount 3.689 > ttable 2.011 and sig value 2 tailed 0.001 < 0.05 student activity; tcount 2.558 > ttable 2.011 and sig. 2 tailed value 0.015 < 0.05 analytical skills). In this study, treatment is the only differentiator between the experimental group and the control group, so it can be concluded that there is an effect of the application of problem-based learning models to the students' activity and analytical skills. For teachers who face the problem of low activity and analytical skills students are advised to use problem-based learning models.
2D Retrieval Frameworks for Hot Jupiter Phase Curves
Authors: Feng Y. Katherina , Line Michael R. , Fortney Jonathan J.
Published: August 2020

Spectroscopic phase curves provide unique access to the three-dimensional properties of transiting exoplanet atmospheres. However, a modeling framework must be developed to deliver accurate inferences of atmospheric properties for these complex data sets. Here, we develop an approach to retrieve temperature structures and molecular abundances from phase curve spectra at any orbital phase. In the context of a representative hot Jupiter with a large day–night temperature contrast, we examine the biases in typical one-dimensional (1D) retrievals as a function of orbital phase/geometry, compared to two-dimensional (2D) models that appropriately capture the disk-integrated phase geometry. We guide our intuition by applying our new framework on a simulated Hubble Space Telescope (HST)+Spitzer phase curve data set in which the “truth” is known, followed by an application to the spectroscopic phase curve of the canonical hot Jupiter, WASP-43b. We also demonstrate the retrieval framework on simulated James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) phase curve observations. We apply our new geometric framework to a joint fit of all spectroscopic phases, assuming longitudinal molecular abundance homogeneity, resulting in an a factor of 2 improvement in abundances precision when compared to individual phase constraints. With a 1D retrieval model on simulated HST+Spitzer data, we find strongly biased molecular abundances for CH4 and CO2 at most orbital phases. With 2D, the day and night profiles retrieved from WASP-43b remain consistent throughout the orbit. JWST retrievals show that a 2D model is strongly favored at all orbital phases. Based on our new 2D retrieval implementation, we provide recommendations on when 1D models are appropriate and when more complex phase geometries involving multiple TP profiles are required to obtain an unbiased view of tidally locked planetary atmospheres.
Star-forming Sites IC 446 and IC 447: An Outcome of End-dominated Collapse of Monoceros R1 Filament
Authors: Bhadari N. K. , Dewangan L. K. , Pirogov L. E. , Ojha D. K.
Published: August 2020

We present an analysis of multiwavelength observations of Monoceros R1 (Mon R1) complex (at d ∼760 pc). An elongated filament (length ∼14 pc, mass ∼1465 M
⊙) is investigated in the complex, which is the most prominent structure in the Herschel column density map. An analysis of the FUGIN 12CO(1–0) and 13CO(1–0) line data confirms the existence of the filament traced in a velocity range of [−5, +1] km s−1. The filament is found to host two previously known sites IC 446 and IC 447 at its opposite ends. A massive young stellar object (YSO) is embedded in IC 446, while IC 447 contains several massive B-type stars. The Herschel temperature map reveals the extended warm dust emission (at T
d ∼ 15–21 K) toward both the ends of the filament. The Spitzer ratio map of 4.5 μm/3.6 μm emission suggests the presence of photodissociation regions and signature of outflow activity toward IC 446 and IC 447. Based on the photometric analysis of point-like sources, clusters of YSOs are traced mainly toward the filament ends. The filament is found to be thermally supercritical showing its tendency of fragmentation, which is further confirmed by the detection of a periodic oscillatory pattern (having a period of ∼3–4 pc) in the velocity profile of 13CO. Our outcomes suggest that the fragments distributed toward the filament ends have rapidly collapsed, and had formed the known star-forming sites. Overall, the elongated filament in Mon R1 is a promising sample of the “end-dominated collapse” scenario, as discussed by Pon et al. (2011, 2012).
Probing the Line-locking Signatures within the C iv Broad Absorption Line in Quasar SDSS J092345+512710
Authors: Lin 林樱 Ying-Ru 如 , Lu 陆伟 Wei-Jian 坚
Published: August 2020

Quasar SDSS J092345.19+512710.1 (hereafter J0923+5127) shows two broad absorption line (BAL) systems. The blue one at ∼14,000 km s−1, called BAL system A, has been reported to show a synchronized kinematic shift of its C iv and Si iv BALs. In this paper, we mainly concentrate on the red one at ∼4000 km s−1, called BAL system B, which can be resolved into multiple narrow absorption lines (NALs). We identify 11 NAL systems from BAL system B and find that these blended NALs show complex line-locking phenomena, which offers evidence for the idea that radiation pressure plays an important role in the dynamics of these clumpy outflow clouds.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Tidal Effect in Gravitational Waves and Implication for Cosmology
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhu Zhenyu , Li Ang , Zhao Wen
Published: August 2020

Detection of gravitational waves (GWs) produced by coalescence of compact binaries provides a novel way to measure the luminosity distance of GW events. Combining their redshift, they can act as standard sirens to constrain cosmological parameters. For various GW detector networks in second-generation (2G), 2.5G, and 3G, we comprehensively analyze the method to constrain the equation-of-state (EOS) of binary neutron stars (BNSs) and extract their redshifts through the imprints of tidal effects in GW waveforms. We find for these events that the observations of electromagnetic counterparts in the low-redshift range z < 0.1 are important for constraining the tidal effects. Considering 17 different EOSs of NSs or quark stars, we find GW observations have strong capability to determine the EOS. Applying the events as standard sirens, and considering the constraints of NS’s EOS derived from low-redshift observations as prior, we can constrain the dark energy EOS parameters w
0 and w

a
. In the 3G era, the potential constraints are Δw
0 ∈ (0.0006,0.004) and Δw

a
 ∈ (0.004,0.02), which are 1–3 orders smaller than those from traditional methods, including Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and baryon acoustic oscillations. The constraints are also made 1 order smaller than the method of GW standard siren by fixing the redshifts through short–hard γ-ray bursts, due to more available GW events in this method. Therefore, GW standard sirens, based on the tidal effect measurement, provide a realizable and much more powerful tool in cosmology.
Completing the 3CR Chandra Snapshot Survey: Extragalactic Radio Sources at High Redshift
Authors: Jimenez-Gallardo A. , Massaro F. , Prieto M. A. , Missaglia V. , Stuardi C. , Paggi A. , Ricci F. , Kraft R. P. , Liuzzo E. , Tremblay G. R. , Baum S. A. , O’Dea C. P. , Wilkes B. J. , Kuraszkiewicz J. , Forman W. R. , Harris D. E.
Published: August 2020

We present the analysis of nine radio sources belonging to the Third Cambridge Revised catalog (3CR) observed with Chandra during Cycle 20 in the redshift range between 1.5 and 2.5. This study completes the 3CR Chandra Snapshot Survey thus guaranteeing the X-ray coverage of all 3CR sources identified to date. This sample lists two compact steep spectrum sources, four radio galaxies, and three quasars. We detected X-ray emission from all nuclei, with the only exception of 3C 326.1 and 3C 454.1 and from radio lobes in six out of nine sources at a level of confidence larger than ∼5σ. We measured X-ray fluxes and luminosities for all nuclei and lobes in the soft (0.5–1 keV), medium (1–2 keV), and hard (2–7 keV) X-ray bands. Since the discovered X-ray extended emission is spatially coincident with the radio structure in all cases, its origin could be due to inverse Compton (IC) scattering of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) occurring in radio lobes.
Benzoic Acid as the Preferred Precursor for the Chlorobenzene Detected on Mars: Insights from the Unique Cumberland Analog Investigation
Authors: Freissinet Caroline , Knudson Christine A. , Graham Heather V. , Lewis James M. T. , Lasue Jérémie , McAdam Amy C. , Teinturier Samuel , Szopa Cyril , Dehouck Erwin , Morris Richard V. , Malespin Charles A. , Mahaffy Paul R.
Published: August 2020

The Cumberland drill sample from the Sheepbed mudstone in Gale Crater, Mars, revealed the first evidence of an indigenous Martian organic molecule, chlorobenzene, with the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument on Curiosity. We created in the laboratory a mineralogical analog of the Cumberland sample (CBA) to aid in the understanding of the precursor organic molecule(s) that led to the detection of chlorobenzene. The CBA was analyzed by visible/near-infrared spectrometry, and the results are in accordance with Mastcam multispectral and the Chemical Camera passive analyses of Cumberland on Mars, demonstrating that the CBA is a relevant analog. CBA aliquots were spiked with 0.5 wt. % of benzoic acid and 1–2 wt. % of magnesium perchlorate and were run in SAM Testbed (TB). The TB evolved gas analysis (EGA) showed similarities with the Cumberland EGA on Mars in terms of the major volatiles H2O, CO2, and O2. The TB gas chromatography mass spectrometry displayed the presence of chlorobenzene at 23–28 pmol and dichlorobenzene. CBA aliquots were also analyzed in the laboratory with SAM-like EGA and the results on the laboratory setup confirmed the generation of chlorobenzene by a reaction between the benzoic acid and the magnesium perchlorates. The case for benzoic acid as a potential precursor for the chlorobenzene detected in the Martian regolith is strengthened with this new supporting laboratory data from the CBA. The quantification of chlorobenzene in the TB led to prediction of organic precursor abundance on Mars of hundreds, if not thousands, of parts per millions by weight.
Craters on Charon: Impactors from a Collisional Cascade Among Trans-Neptunian Objects
Authors: Kenyon Scott J. , Bromley Benjamin C.
Published: August 2020

We consider whether equilibrium size distributions from collisional cascades match the frequency of impactors derived from New Horizons crater counts on Charon. Using an analytic model and a suite of numerical simulations, we demonstrate that collisional cascades generate wavy size distributions; the morphology of the waves depends on the binding energy of solids

and the collision velocity v

c
. For an adopted minimum size of solids,

 = 1 μm, and collision velocity v

c
 = 1–3 km s−1, the waves are rather insensitive to the gravitational component of

. If the bulk strength component of

is

for particles with radius r, size distributions with small Q

s
are much wavier than those with large Q

s
; systems with e

s
 ≈ −0.4 have stronger waves than systems with e

s
 ≈ 0. Detailed comparisons with the New Horizons data suggest that a collisional cascade among solids with a bulk strength intermediate between weak ice and normal ice produces size distributions fairly similar to that of impactors on Charon. If the surface density Σ of the protosolar nebula varies with semimajor axis a as Σ ≈ 30 g cm−2 (a/1 au)−3/2, the timescale for a cascade to generate an approximate equilibrium is 100–300 Myr at 45 au and 10–30 Myr at 25 au. Although it is necessary to perform more complete evolutionary calculations of the Kuiper Belt, collisional cascades are a viable model for producing the size distribution of solids that impacted Charon throughout its history.
Barycentric Corrections for Precise Radial Velocity Measurements of Sunlight
Authors: Wright Jason T. , Kanodia Shubham
Published: August 2020

We provide formulae for the calculation of precise Doppler velocities of sunlight, in both the case of direct observations of the Sun and in reflection from the surfaces of solar system objects such as the Moon or asteroids. We discuss the meaning of a “barycentric correction” of measurements of these Doppler velocities, which is a different procedure from the analogous correction for starlight, and provide a formula for reducing such measurements to the component of the Sun’s motion in the direction of Earth or other solar system object. We have implemented this procedure in the public barycorrpy Python package and use it to explore the properties of the barycentric-corrected Doppler velocity of sunlight over 30 yr. When measured directly, we show that it is dominated by nonperiodic motion due to Jupiter and that the signals of the other planets, including Venus, are not discernible in Fourier space. We show that “detecting” Venus in Doppler velocities of sunlight will require either observing sunlight in reflection from an asteroid or modeling their individual contributions to the motion of the Sun in counterfactual kinematic or dynamical simulations of the solar system with and without them.
Oreocharis flavovirens, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Southern Gansu Province, China
Authors: Qin Wei-Hua , Ding Dong-Dong , Li Zhong-Lin , Gao Yun-Feng , Li Shu , Hong Xin
Published: August 2020

Oreocharis flavovirens is a new species of Gesneriaceae from Gansu, China and is described and illustrated here. It is morphologically similar to O. glandulosa, O. humilis and O. farreri, but those congeners of this new taxon can be distinguished by several salient characters. A description of O. flavovirens, together with illustrations and photos, are presented.
Two new species of Paraboea (Gesneriaceae) in Caryota obtusa forests in Southwest China, with compound and simple dichasia, respectively
Authors: Shui Yu-Min , Guo Shi-Wei , Chen Li , Chen Wen-Hong
Published: August 2020

Two new species of Gesneriaceae, Paraboea myrianthasp. nov. and P. brevipedunculatasp. nov. are described and illustrated with photos. They grow in the Caryota obtusa forests from Yunnan Province of China. P. myriantha is closely related to P. glutinosa (Hand.-Mazz.) K.Y.Pan, but differs mainly in corolla outside glandular-puberulent, adaxial corolla lobes semicordate, corolla tube obliquely campanulate, and filaments glandular-puberulent. P. brevipedunculata is closely related to P. crassifolia (Hemsley) B. L. Burtt, but different mainly in simple dichasia with 1 and 2 flowers, peduncles 0.5–2 cm long and capsules slightly twisted. The geographical relationship between the two new species and their similar species has been discussed.
Deinostigma fasciculatum, a new species of Gesneriaceae in Yunnan, China
Authors: Shui Yu-Min , Wu Jian-Yong , Yu Zhi-Yong , Guo Shi-Wei , Chen Li , Wen Fang , Chen Wen-Hong
Published: August 2020

A new species of Deinostigma (Gesneriaceae) from Yunnan, China, Deinostigma fasciculatum W.H.Chen & Y.M.Shui, sp. nov., has been discovered and described. In the genus, the new species is similar to D. cicatricosum (W.T. Wang) D.J. Middleton & Mich. Möller and D. cyrtocarpum (D. Fang & L. Zeng) Mich. Möller & H.J. Atkins in dark purple flowers and falcate fruit, but differs from them mainly in the inflorescences with fasciculate flowers, calyx lobes (reflexed, narrowly lanceolate and 1.2–1.3 cm long), corolla tubes (sharply contracted below middle and white outside and below throat). The above three species grow nearby non-limestone wet cliffs and geographically isolated with different distributions (the new species in Southeast Yunnan, D. cicatricosum in Eastern Guangxi and D. cyrtocarpum in Southern Guangxi and Guangdong, China).
Petrocodon wenshanensis, a new species of Gesneriaceae from southwestern China
Authors: Li Zheng-Long , Qin Wei-Hua , Wen Fang , He De-Ming , Hong Xin
Published: August 2020

A new species of Petrocodon, P. wenshanensis from Yunnan province of southwestern China, is described and illustrated here. P. wenshanensis morphologically closely resembles P. jingxiensis and P. lithophilus, but differs in vegetative and generative characters. Differences between the new species and others Petrocodon species occurring in Yunnan Province are also shown in the identification key.
Care2Caregivers: A Retrospective Examination of Needs Addressed and Services Provided by a Peer Support Helpline
Authors: Zechner Michelle , Lundquist Mary Catherine , Swarbrick Margaret , Wey Arminda
Published: August 2020

Family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (CADRD) provide significant support to their family members but often experience challenges and stress that impact their quality of life. Peer supporters can be an important resource to help alleviate stress associated with caregiving, yet few published studies have examined peer supporters for CADRD. This retrospective cohort study examined data collected from a peer support helpline for CADRD in a middle Atlantic state. Four years of data were reviewed to examine trends across time. Data analysis indicated that the most often reported issues by CADRD callers were related to their own emotional well-being. Results demonstrated that peer supporters have potential to address practical, physical, social, and emotional needs of caregivers who reach out. Nurses are well-positioned to partner with peer support specialists to best address the practical and emotional support needs and self-care challenges faced by CADRD. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58
(10), 13–16.]
Fighting for Relevance
Authors: Shange Nombulelo Tholithemba
Published: August 2020

South Africa's recent higher education protests around fees and decolonizing institutions have shone a spotlight on important issues and have inspired global discussion. We witnessed similar resistance during apartheid, where African languages and ideas were limited. The educational space was the most affected by clashes between languages and ideas; we saw this in the prioritizing of English and Afrikaans over indigenous African languages and the prioritizing of Western medicine, literature, arts, culture, and science over African ones. This chapter will show how formal education and knowledge production in South Africa has been used as a tool to repress Black people, while discrediting their knowledge systems. This discussion will draw from impepho, which is rejected by Christians because its main use is for communicating with ancestors. The herb has many other medicinal uses, but it is still rejected. African practices are used and revitalized by AIC like the Shembe Church and revolutionary movements like FMF.
The Significance of Multicultural Methodologies on African Indigenous Knowledge Research
Authors: Kugara Stewart Lee , Mdhluli Tsetselelani Decide , Daswa Thizwilondi Joanbeth , Matshidze Pfarelo Eva , Ramavhunga Ndidzulafhi Esther
Published: August 2020

Throughout history, African indigenous knowledge has been researched using Western-centred methodologies. From the onset, there was a great deal of resistance from indigenous peoples as most of these researchers used ethical considerations that are foreign to local communities. The African indigenous holders emphasise some cultural concepts that are sacrosanct and indispensable to them. This chapter, therefore, seeks to ferrate the significance of Western-centred methodologies vis-à-vis African-centred (Africa-centred, Afrocentric, Africentric, Afrocentricity, and African-worldview) methodologies in the collection of data among African indigenous communities. The concept of sharing (hybrid methodology) provides a platform of reflection especially on protocol and research tools.
Towards an African-Centered Model of Learning
Authors: Tshifhumulo Rendani , Musvipwa Faith F. , Makhanikhe Tshimangadzo Justice , Tshikukuvhe Livhuwani Daphney
Published: August 2020

This chapter interrogates the current teaching and learning strategies in South African higher institutions of learning in relation to the negligence of cultural aspects. For many years now, the general population in South Africa agitated for the amendment or annulment of the current education system as a means of restoring the African norms and values. The suspension and/or expulsion of some African students from schools due to their adherence to African values is a vivid example of how the education system undermines African cultures and traditions. The chapter deliberated on story telling as one of the methods that is relevant for Indigenous Knowledge Systems. On the central argument of the chapter the authors conversed on colonialisation and its impact on education in South Africa. OBE and the revised national curriculum statement and the crises in South African education system are discussed. The chapter ends by interrogating the possibility of using African Languages in the school curriculum.
The Ancient Wisdom and Resurgence for Yoga
Authors: Radebe Jah-Xolani
Published: August 2020

This chapter aims at connecting ancient wisdom and traditions of yoga by looking at the past with fast-paced, cutting edge natural science that constantly re-invents itself with time. It will unpack and explain both wisdom and experience from the orient against science and experiences from the West. The separation of East and West will give us an opportunity to see connections and boundaries of Western lifestyle as a convenient signpost to why yoga is relevant to society today. Furthermore, the chapter seeks to go beyond spirituality, mythology, and present yoga as a perpetual, evolving practice relevant in today's societies to challenge and engage today's science and medical research.
Decision-Making Support on Energy Management in District Heating
Authors: Shendryk Vira , Parfenenko Yuliia , Aleksenko Olga , Shendryk Sergii , Baranova Iryna
Published: August 2020

The chapter focuses on implementation of Industry 4.0 in energy management of a district heating system. The present objectives for implementation of digital technologies in district heating are analyzed. The barriers for sustainable and flexible district heating systems and challenges to overcome them are discussed. The objectives of energy management in district heating are presented. The realization of energy management stages in district heating tackling the digitalization challenge are presented. The chapter explores approaches and techniques to information support of decision making in energy management under conditions of uncertainty. The chapter describes the decision support system “HeatCAM” as a tool of energy management in district heating. This system will provide real-time monitoring and making decisions on regulation of heat consumption modes of the building on the consumer side in the condition of uncertainty.
Fundamentals for the Challenge of Controlling Risk Through Standardization
Authors: González-Prida Vicente , Zamora Jesús P. , Viveros Gunckel Pablo
Published: August 2020

This chapter is intended to deal with the topic of standardization as a solution for risk control and decision making, mainly in high technologized context. For that purpose, this document starts introducing the reason of controlling risk as well as the uncertainty background that lays in different sectors. After that, the risk management evolution is outlined, defining briefly the risk concept, mentioning some current management models and enumerating the more relevant norms, standards, and guidelines for risk management. From this point, an overview on the standard ISO 31000 about risk management is provided in order to finally summarize some possible future research lines and some conclusions about this groundwork on risk and uncertainty.
A Model for Assessing the Widening of the Predictive Maintenance Strategy
Authors: Carnero María Carmen , Cárcel-Carrasco Francisco Javier
Published: August 2020

The essential aim of Industry 4.0 is to enable industries to be more productive, efficient, and flexible. A predictive maintenance strategy can make a positive contribution to all these things, as it uses industrial IoT technologies to monitor asset health, optimise maintenance schedules, provide real-time alerts about operational risks, and maximise uptime, and can provide digital services to customers based on data from its machines. It improves productivity, improves customer satisfaction, and therefore gives the company a competitive advantage. Nevertheless, decision making in relation to a predictive maintenance strategy is not systematised, and this may lead to some inappropriate decisions, which do not achieve the goal sought. This chapter describes a multicriteria model, designed with the analytic hierarchy process, to systematise decision making with respect to a predictive maintenance strategy.
55000 Implementation Proposal Integrated With a Risk Management System for a Water Utility Case
Authors: Zahera Pablo , Gonzalez-Prida Vicente
Published: August 2020

The main objective of this chapter is to suggest a methodology for the application of ISO 55000 for a water utility in order to obtain all the benefits of asset management from the starting point of application. In addition, risk is an important part of this methodology, so it also complies with the clauses of ISO 31000. The methodology consists of six steps to be carried out: plan (1), implement (2), risk management (3), monitor (4), analyze (5) and make decisions and improvements (6). The application of this methodology is an iterative process in which the information obtained is going to be used in the previous and subsequent steps so that its benefits are greater as time goes by. At each point in the guide, the actions to be taken in compliance with the clauses and sub-clauses of ISO 55001 will be proposed along with some documents so that companies have a clearer idea of how to proceed.
AR Using NUI Based Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Framework with Mobile Decision Support System
Authors: Syed Ali Fathima S. J.  , Shankar S.
Published: August 2020

This article describes how physical therapy rehabilitation promotes functional ability of the disabled people to improve quality of life using Range of Motion exercises. The conventional rehabilitation seems to be effective; however, the efficiency of the treatment sessions is not guaranteed resulting in longer recovery period. Thus, there is a need of self-motivating and engaging training solution to support rehabilitation and enhance continuous assessment of disabled patients. The proposed framework is “AR-NUI-REHAB-MDSS,” augmented reality (AR) using natural user interface (NUI) based physical therapy rehabilitation with personalized exercise rendering and monitoring system for patients and mobile decision support system (MDSS) for therapists leading to a global solution for remote assistance. NUI allows human computer interaction intuitively through human body gestures. AR provides an entertaining environment for treatments with less-assistance. MDSS enables therapist to customize treatment plans at dynamic environments. Upper limb is considered as its functional recovery is significant and more challenging.
Considerations for Setting Up Play Therapy Training Clinics
Authors: Hughes-Brand Nicola Shea , Clifton Julie A. , Brand Columbus Edward
Published: August 2020

When setting up a play therapy training clinic, there are many considerations to explore regarding designing a therapeutic space, selecting toys and other materials, exploring the rationale for the toy selection and examining the cultural considerations in play therapy settings. This chapter will review the different types of play therapy clinics and the specific toys recommended based on the fourteen primary play therapy theoretical orientations. General considerations will be reviewed when utilizing art media and other materials, books and bibliotherapy, puppets and puppet theaters, sandtrays and miniatures, and psychotherapeutic games. Recommendations will be made for establishing community and university-based play therapy training sites offering clinical and mock play therapy services. Suggestions will be made regarding the importance of establishing play therapy laboratories in the classroom setting when providing graduate play therapy instruction. Additional recommendations will be made for the 2019 Play Therapy Best Practices published by the Association for Play Therapy.
Attention Perception and Social Cognition
Authors: Nisha Bobby
Published: August 2020

Perception is the basis of being human. It warrants everything we know and everything there is to be known. This chapter explores the perceptual system that leads to the exploration and interpretation of qualities of urban space. The chapter challenges the disciplinary tradition of regarding perception and cognition as being one and establishes that systems of perception and cognition play an equally important role to enable this construct of ‘place'. By means of an inter-disciplinary review and knowledge transfer, the chapter reimagines the dimension of perceptual simulation in urban design by constructing a process map to understand the complexity of the workflow from subjective perception to social cognition. The chapter further advocates the need for design to incorporate cognitive affordances to better shape physical reality. The process map and framework is intended as a reference for understanding sensory stimuli in urban design practice to aid efficacy and to reinstate the importance in recreating and bridging the physical and perceived realities.