bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Embedding Researcher’s Reflexive Accounts within the Analysis of a Semi-Structured Qualitative Interview
Authors: Ibrahim Nashwa , Edgley Alison
Published: March 2021

This manuscript aims to embed a researcher’s reflexive account within a qualitative interview in an iterative process whereby a self-analytic reflexive exercise was conducted prior to, during the interview, and within the analysis of the interview. This interview was conducted between an overseas PhD student as an interviewer and a native PhD student as interviewee. The researcher’s (interviewer) demonstration of learning about herself is of particular importance in this piece of work. Having the chance to conduct this interview between an overseas PhD student and a native student provided insights about the stereotypes implanted within the researcher which meant that she assumed that a PhD is more stressful for overseas than for home students.
Midcourse Corrections and Life Satisfaction in a Sample of Mid-Career Doctoral Students
Authors: Hiltz-Hymes Catherine , Spicer Susan , Hardy Elizabeth , Waddell Manuela , Hatcher Sherry
Published: March 2021

The focus of this study was to examine motivations and reactions in context of a midlife decision to seek a doctoral degree. Participants were 116 non-traditional age, men and women graduate students and recent alumni from one of three geographically distributed and blended delivery model doctoral programs. Demographic information was collected, including career history and goals, age, gender, and ethnicity. The mean and median ages were between 41 and 50. The research questionnaire featured narrative questions regarding “midcourse corrections,” any experienced trauma, and life satisfactions. Autobiographical material was also analyzed thematically, providing further illustrative examples of the midlife experiences in the course of negotiating a doctoral education. Both the narrative responses and autobiographies were analyzed using content analysis (Ryan & Bernard, 2000). Forty-four percent of the sample reported seeking the doctoral degree as part of a career change plan, while 56% sought to achieve an advanced degree in their current fields. Despite a high rate of reported regret, surprise, and even trauma, considerable life satisfaction (91%) was reported as the result of seeking doctoral education in midlife, by definition a “midcourse correction.”
Do You Like it On The…?: A Case-Study of Reactions to a Facebook Campaign for Breast Cancer Awareness Month
Authors: Hill Myleea , Hayes Marceline
Published: March 2021

Awareness is a common goal of public health campaigns. However, awareness as an end goal may be counter-productive and may lead to slactivism instead of action. The purpose of the present research was to analyze reactions to the Facebook breast cancer “Do You Like it on the …”game via feedback to an article stating that the game is not cute/sexy/informative. Thematic analysis revealed several themes: Support or Disagreement with the author’s points, the Game is Ineffective, the Game Spreads Awareness, and Awareness is the Beginning. The researchers suggested (1) a distinction be made between awareness and attention and awareness and knowledge and (2) campaigns should communicate specific informative messages and move beyond simply gaining attention and creating general awareness.
The Probability of Data’s Inherent Sexiness: A Review of Naked Statistics: Stripping the Dread from the Data
Authors: Swenson Sean
Published: March 2021

Charles Wheelan’s Naked Statistics: Stripping the Dread from the Data (2013) reintroduces the field of statistics to the apathetic reader in an approachable and sympathetic way. By focusing on the acquisition of appreciation for the field over straightforward comprehension, Wheelan is able to achieve what many qualitative researchers have striven for in reintroducing the field to those thought previously lost.
Shut Up and Listen! How Experiences as a Learner and a Culture Shock Shifted my Focus of Teacher Knowledge in a Science Classroom
Authors: Kuhn Mason
Published: March 2021

When pre-service teachers transition into service many revert back to the experiences they had as a learner. This can be an issue if the teacher did not receive "best practice" when they were engaged in the K-12 experience. This autoethnography will take the reader through the experiences of a teacher who did not receive an education where his teachers utilized a pedagogy promoted in Tertiary schooling. He will describe an experience with his poverty-stricken students that made him realize that his didactic style of teaching was not effective.
Exploring Classroom Practices in Collectivist Cultures Through the Lens of Hofstede’s Model
Authors: Kaur Amrita , Noman Mohammad
Published: March 2021

This study explores beliefs and classroom practices of teachers from collectivist nations through the lens of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. In this grounded theory study, an in-depth investigation of the ways in which six teachers from five different collectivist countries described their beliefs and classroom practices was carried out. Through the constant comparative method, the two authors grouped the findings into categories of beliefs and practices which were then examined through the lens of the six dimensions of Hofstede’s model of cultural difference. Six categories of classroom practices, Pedagogy, Interaction, Student Role, Teacher Support, Differential Assessment, and Behavioral Management and three major beliefs, Importance of Teacher-Student Relatedness, Teaching: a Social Responsibility, and Learning for Life Skills emerged from the findings. The comparison revealed a multi-dimensional structure of teachers’ practices with strong evidence of both traditional and constructivist practices. Our findings indicate that collectivist teachers will embrace individualistic practices of teaching which are congruent with their own cultural beliefs. Thus, the findings will add to the literature on cultural beliefs that affect teaching and learning. The findings will have implications for teachers, researchers, and policy makers in refining their perception of collectivist teachers.
Holding Death at Bay vs. Prolonging Life: Indexing Fatalism and Optimism in the Ideology of Health, Genetics, and Family History in the U. S. and South Korean Media
Authors: Hong Soo , Strauss Susan
Published: March 2021

Media discourse creates and shapes views of personhood, of possibilities, of wellness, and at the same time, these views and beliefs, in their turn, shape media discourse. Broadcasts of health-related edutainment programs and advertisements are rich sources for the discovery of stances concerning health and illness. We examine media discourse in the United States and South Korea, and uncover consistent indexical patterns pointing to overall ideologies of fatalism in the U.S. and optimism in South Korea. Specifically, from an indexicality-based perspective, we identify the patterned ways in which the ideologies of fatalism and optimism are indexed with regard to agency and stance. We provide evidence of the culturally distinct patterns of discourse that construct health and illness in the U.S. and South Korean media. In the U.S., heart disease and cancer are threats, medicines are omnipotent, and physicians, omniscient. “Death” is explicit and medicines and physicians hold it at bay. Korean discourse frames “life” as explicit underscoring efforts by doctors and medicines to prolong and enhance it. Implications associated with public health discourses employing diverse discursive strategies are discussed.
Ülkemizde Gerçekleştirilen Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Faaliyetlerine Genel Bir Bakış
Authors: REYHANLIOĞLU Çiğdem , TİRYAKİ İsmet
Published: March 2021

Hızla gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte yetişkin iş gücünden beklenen niteliklerin değişiminin etkilediği en önemli alanlardan biri öğretim programlarıdır. Öğretim programlarının 4 ana öğesi olan hedefler, içerik, öğrenme-öğretme süreci ile ölçme ve değerlendirme süreçlerindeki değişiklikler Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’nın teşkilat yapısında ve bu yapıya bağlı olarak gerçekleştirilen faaliyetlerde önemli değişikliklere neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada eğitim programlarının hedeflerindeki, kazanımlarındaki ve kazandırılması hedeflenen becerilerdeki değişimin ülkemizde uygulanan ölçme ve değerlendirme uygulamaları üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından gerçekleştirilen ölçme ve değerlendirme faaliyetleri mercek altına alınmıştır. Alanyazın incelemesi sonucunda ilk olarak Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk yıllarından Cumhuriyet’in 80. yılına kadar olan süreçteki eğitsel reformların ölçme ve değerlendirme çalışmalarına olan etkisinin araştırıldığı bir çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Ulaşılan bir diğer çalışma ise milattan önceki dönemden 2011 yılına kadar olan Türklerde ölçme ve değerlendirme çalışmalarını kapsamaktadır. Bu çalışma ise 2011 yılından günümüze kadar olan süreçte ülkemizde gerçekleştirilen ölçme ve değerlendirme çalışmaları ile 2011 yılından itibaren merkezi ve taşra teşkilatında olan değişiklikleri merkeze alarak oluşturulmuştur. 2011 yılından itibaren ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde ülkemizde uygulanan ölçme ve değerlendirme faaliyetleri incelendiğinde her bir çalışmanın 21. yy. becerileri ve eğitim programlarının hedefleri doğrultusunda birbirinden farklılaştığı görülmüştür. Daha açık bir ifade ile her bir çalışmanın farklı becerileri ölçmek amacıyla oluşturulduğu görülmektedir. Değişen dünya koşullarının ülkemizde Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından gerçekleştirilen uygulamalar üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak, bu etkiler doğrultusunda bakanlık bünyesinde yaşanan gelişmeler ve değişimler ile ilgili akademisyen, araştırmacı, eğitim yöneticisi ile öğretmenlerde farkındalık oluşturmak ve bundan sonra gerçekleştirilecek çalışmalar ile ilgili ufuk kazandırmak açısından bu çalışmanın alanyazına önemli katkılar getireceği düşünülmektedir.
A cross-sectional study of socio-demographic and clinical profile of HIV patients at ART plus centre, Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur, India
Authors: Jain Charu , Sharma Lokendra , Advani Uma , Kumar Munesh , Tak Amit , Jain Monica
Published: March 2021

Background: This study aimed to understand the regional variation in the socio-demographic and clinical profile of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients at antiretroviral therapy plus centre of Sawai Man Singh (SMS) hospital, Jaipur, India. 

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on HIV patients from January to December 2019. The HIV-positive patients of all age groups and all categories were included in the study. The socio-economic status was assessed by BG Prasad classification-based consumer price index. However, the clinical staging was done according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of HIV/AIDS. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

Results: Among 525 HIV patients 59.16% were males, 40.26% females and 0.57% intersex. About half (51.0%) in the reproductive age group with mean age 36 ±13 years. The commonest mode of HIV transmission was heterosexual (89.77%). Maximum belonged to social class I (57.84%) and class II (26.05 %) of BG Prasad's socioeconomic status. Each of the non-agricultural laborers and semi-skilled workers constitutes 18.0%, and the housewives were 23.6%. At the time of presentation, baseline CD4+Tcell count was <350 /mm3 in 55.0% of HIV patients. Pulmonary tuberculosis and skin involvement were the most predominant secondary opportunistic infections accounting for 24.8% and 7.8%, respectively. More than half (52.09%) of patients were in WHO clinical stage I of HIV disease.

Conclusion: Socio-demographic and clinical profile of study participants reflect an impact of early case detection and timely institution of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Probability of infectious disease in humans during epidemic
Authors: Karmishin AM , Borisevich IV , Skvortsova VI , Goryaev AA , Yudin SM
Published: March 2021

Popular SIR models and their modifications used to generate predictions about epidemics and, specifically, the COVID-19 pandemic, are inadequate. The aim of this study was to find the laws describing the probability of infection in a biological object. Using theoretical methods of research based on the probability theory, we constructed the laws describing the probability of infection in a human depending on the infective dose and considering the temporal characteristics of a given infection. The so-called generalized time-factor law, which factors in the time of onset and the duration of an infectious disease, was found to be the most general. Among its special cases are the law describing the probability of infection developing by some point in time t, depending on the infective dose, and the law that does not factor in the time of onset. The study produced a full list of quantitative characteristics of pathogen virulence. The laws described in the study help to solve practical tasks and should lie at the core of mathematical epidemiological modeling.
La complejidad en ciencias sociales humanas y algunas contribuciones metodológicas
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica Territorial “Alonso Gamero”, Payares Loyo Lesbia Coromoto , Camejo López Lyneth Haymara ,   Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero, Barbera Alvarado Nataliya ,   Universidad del Sinú Elías Bechara Zainúm, Chirinos Araque Yamarú del Valle ,   Universidad Católica Luis Amigó
Published: March 2021

Los estudios y trabajos realizados en complejidad son cada día más extensos. La mayoría de ellos gira en torno a planteamientos teóricos; no obstante, el trabajo que aquí se presenta muestra de manera explícita las implicaciones metodológicas del estudio de y el trabajo con fenómenos de complejidad creciente. La propuesta es iluminada por el paradigma emergente de la complejidad en interface con la tradición fenomenológica. Como resultado, el texto explora el sentido y la posibilidad de cómo se genera el conocimiento en las tres formas de ver la complejidad: método, cosmovisión y ciencia, proponiendo llenar en manera parcial ese vacío. Este artículo argumenta que las posibilidades metodológicas de la complejidad incluyen las hermenéuticas respectivas en cada caso. Tres son los ejes que articulan el argumento: primero, una declaración de lo que es la complejidad como método y sus derivaciones; luego, la consideración de las consecuencias de la complejidad como cosmovisión, y por último, se muestra la complejidad como ciencia a través de la teoría de redes. Al final, se extrae como conclusiones que las ciencias de la complejidad inclinan análisis hacia las matemáticas y la computación, mientras que la complejidad como método y cosmovisión no le dan la misma importancia. Las tres se basan en el trabajo interdisciplinario en beneficio de las ciencias sociales y humanas, cuyos avances, aproximaciones y aplicaciones tienen distintos frentes pero se proponen traspasar las barreras disciplinarias que separan a estos tres campos del saber.
Mejora organizacional basada en la gestión del conocimiento para pymes de base tecnológica: estudio de caso de la Empresa XYZ
Authors:   Universidad de Guanajuato, Tiburcio Sánchez María de Lourdes , Godinez Lopez Roberto ,   Universidad de Guanajuato, Aguilar Mario Jesus ,   Universidad de Guanajuato, Arámburo Pacheco Ana Cristina ,   Universidad del Centro del Bajío
Published: March 2021

La presente investigación es un caso de estudio, en donde se aplicó un enfoque cuantitativo con el propósito de realizar un diagnóstico en la empresa, se utilizó un instrumento documental el cual fue generado considerando las principales variables presentes en la gestión de conocimiento, con la intención de encontrar la categoría o variable que más contribuye o es considerada un problema en la organización, en donde se encontró evidencia estadística que confirma que la estructura organizacional es la categoría o variable que se encuentra en esta situación señalada, posteriormente con ayuda de este diagnóstico se realizó la fase de mejora, en donde se desarrolló e implanto un plan de manual de organización y descripción de puestos. Dicho plan generó exitosos resultados destacando una mejora sustancial en la variable estructura organizacional, se elaboraron los perfiles de puestos, se eliminó la duplicidad de funciones en las áreas de contabilidad, compras y calidad-procesos por lo que los beneficios fueron agilidad en los procesos.
El amor y el amor por la marca desde una perspectiva conceptual
Authors:   Universitaria Uniagustiniana, Ávila Castañeda Ángel Leonardo , Campos Pinzón Mónica Adriana ,   Universitaria Uniagustiniana, Chaparro Guevara Rosa Alexandra ,   Universitaria Uniagustiniana
Published: March 2021

El presente capitulo tiene como objetivo presentar los resultados de la revisión conceptual del amor y el amor por la marca. El personaje central de grandes obras de la literatura ha sido el amor, plasmado desde lo imposible a lo consumado, desde lo terrenal hasta lo fantástico, desde lo sublime a lo pasional, tatuado en el imaginario colectivo a través de escenas emblemáticas del cine, canciones inmortalizadas cuyas letras reafirman: “todo lo que necesitamos es amor” demostrando en este tema su relación con el ser humano. Sin embargo, la polaridad en la que siempre se mueve hace complejo conceptualizarlo, ésta es una de las razones que busca el presente estudio, concerniente a la recopilación de investigaciones realizadas en psicología, antropología y sociología, con el fin de precisar la forma como las personas experimentan este sentimiento. El método utilizado fue una revisión bibliográfica alrededor del concepto del amor y su relación con el amor por la marca; en bases de datos como SCOPUS, Scielo, Latindex y Proquest, estas bases de datos se seleccionan por su reconocimiento y uso en investigación, la selección de artículos y escritos académicos que se han dedicado a describir el concepto desde la psicología, antropología y sociología. Algunos de los resultados encontrados en la psicología se asocian especialmente a sentimientos y emociones. En cuanto a la sociología el concepto está relacionado con la forma de seleccionar a la pareja y el amor a la familia. Desde la antropología se reconoce el amor como pasión del alma, un sentimiento del corazón, un estado, una relación que trasciende. Adicionalmente, se identifica para el caso colombiano y Latinoamericano una oportunidad de estudio el tema de amor y amor a la marca, dado que quienes más investigaciones desarrollan son países como Estados Unidos y el Reino Unido.
Léxico de los estudiantes en el núcleo Costa Oriental del Lago de la Universidad del Zulia
Authors:   Universidad del Zulia, Marcano Lunar José Gregorio , Martínez Yaneth Jaidith ,   Universidad del Zulia, Aguillón Vale Pedro David ,   Universidad del Zulia, Narváez Serra Jellicy ,   Universidad del Zulia
Published: March 2021

El presente estudio analiza el vocabulario empleado por los estudiantes universitarios, a partir de la creación de un glosario mediante estrategias de trabajo cooperativo en el aula virtual de la unidad curricular Comunicación y Lenguaje (Programa Estudios Universitarios Supervisados, EUS), en el Núcleo Costa Oriental del Lago de la Universidad del Zulia (LUZ COL). En su elaboración, 98 estudiantes aportaron 184 términos y expresiones usados en su comunicación cotidiana. Inscrito en el paradigma cuantitativo, esta investigación fue abordada desde dos etapas: la primera, de tipo descriptivo, con un diseño de campo no experimental que permitió validar entre noviembre de 2016 y abril de 2017 los términos incorporados en el glosario por 84 estudiantes de Comunicación y Lenguaje, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario tipo Likert en el aula virtual. La segunda fase, de tipo documental, buscó recuperar, analizar e interpretar la información obtenida, a partir de un análisis matricial, teniendo el glosario en el aula virtual como fuente documental primaria electrónica. Se consideraron las aportaciones teóricas de Hernández (1991), Marimón & Santamaría (2001), Tejera (2007), Chang & Ramírez (2013) y la Real Academia de la Lengua Española (2010, 2011), entre otros, para el análisis lexical de las voces identificadas. Como resultado, se encontraron lemas en los que se combina el habla tradicional zuliana con expresiones propias del occidente venezolano y un amplio uso de la derivación en la formación de palabras para conformar adjetivos calificativos peyorativos. Otros mecanismos lexicográficos, como la composición, la parasíntesis y los préstamos lexicales fueron detectados.
DEVELOPING PRACTICAL SKILLS FOR STUDENTS MAJORING IN SOCIAL WORK AT UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION - UNIVERSITY OF DANANG
Authors: Bui Dinh Tuan
Published: March 2021

The goal of higher education is not only to provide academic knowledge but also to form professional competencies in learners. Social work is a profession based on direct practice with people, requiring professional skills to be improved. In order to develop those skills, we conducted an experiment using the ABCD method applied to 66 third-year students majoring in social work. The experiment lasted 45 days of practice in community. A comparison of the results between the experimental group and the control group showed that the skill performance levels of the control group and the experimental group recorded average scores (x=2.53) and (x=2.92) respectively. Hence, the application of the ABCD method in enhancing social work practice skills for students has proved to be effective.
THE ROLE OF HOI AN TO THE MARITIME SILK ROAD (FROM THE FIRST HALF OF 16TH CENTURY TO THE SECOND HALF OF 18TH CENTURY)
Authors: Tang Chanh Tin , Phan Nguyen Huy Chinh
Published: March 2021

The Maritime Silk Road is considered the beginning of all international maritime trade routes, not only in terms of trade; the Maritime Silk Road is also the foundation for human discoveries and understanding about geography, nature, politics and society of many parts of the world. Thanks to its significantly geopolitical and geo-cultural position; from a very early age, Hoi An trading port (Vietnam) has participated and played an important role on this arterial route. This article will focus on clarifying the birth as well as the role of Hoi An to the Maritime Silk Road from) early 16th century to the end of 18th century.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR MELALUI PENERAPAN METODE EKSPERIMEN
Authors: ROSIDAH DEDAH
Published: March 2021

Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini secara adalah untuk mengetahui  peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran IPA di kelas IV melalui penggunaan metode eksperimen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) atau classroom action research dengan menyajikan data hasil penelitian secara deskriftif kualitatif berupa pemaparan dari data diteliti saat pelaksanaan tindakan pembelajaran. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV SDN 2 Cadassari berjumlah 26 siswa yang terdiri dari 12 laki-laki dan 14 siswa perempuan. Berdasarkan rumusan masalah dan tujuan yang merupakan langkah awal proses penelitian ini, maka beberapa kesimpulan dan saran-saran yang merupakan implikasi praktis hasil penelitian. Berdasarkan temuan dan pembahasan pada setiap tindakan dalam penelitian hasil penelitian ini dapat dihasilkan penelitian sebagai berikut: (1) Pelaksanaan perbaikan pembelajaran IPA dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SDN 2 Cadassari berdasarkan perolehan nilai rata-rata tes hasil belajar siswa pada siklus kesatu mendapat rata-rata 62.31, dan pada siklus kedua nilai rata-rata 74,62. (2) Ketuntasan belajar siswa secara klasikal juga dapat tercapai sesuai indikator keberhasilan penelitian ini berdasarkan siswa yang mencapai KKM pada siklus kedua sebanyak 23 orang siswa (88,46 %).
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN PELATIHAN STANDAR PENILAIAN BERDASAR PEMETAAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN (PMP) PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 BAGI GURU ASN DAN NON ASN SMPN 4 CIBITUNG
Authors: NURCHAYATI SITI NURCHAYATI
Published: March 2021

Pemetaan Mutu adalah memetakan mutu pendidikan pada satuan pendidikan berdasarkan SNP. Pemetaan mutu dilaksanakan melalui kegiatan evaluasi diri sekolah (EDS) berdasarkan Standar Nasional Pendidikan (SNP). Evaluasi Diri Sekolah dimulai dengan penyusunan instrumen, pengumpulan, pengolahan dan analisis data, hingga pembuatan peta mutu. Luaran dari pemetaan mutu adalah: peta capaian standar nasional pendidikan di satuan pendidikan, sebagai baseline, masalah-masalah yang dihadapi, dan rekomendasi perbaikannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan analisis kebutuhan pelatihan standar penilaian bagi guru ASN dan Non ASN di SMPN 4 Cibitung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Penyebaran instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei tipe cross-sectional. Hasil penelitian menunjukan dari 45 guru sebanyak 1 orang (2,2%) masuk dalam kategori menuju SNP 1, lalu 7 orang (15,6%) masuk dalam kategori menuju SNP 2, sebanyak 24 orang (53,3%) masuk dalam kategori menuju SNP 3, dan ada 13 (28,9%) masuk dalam kategori menuju SNP 4 serta tidak ada guru yang masuk dalam kategori SNP. Guru ASN memperoleh nilai 4,49 (menuju SNP 3) dan guru Non ASN 4,34 (menuju SNP 3). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemenuhan standar penilaian pendidikan guru ASN dan Non ASN SMPN 4 Cibitung masih berada pada kategori menuju SNP 3 sehingga masih memerlukan peningkatan capaian Standar Penilaian Pendidikan melalui pelatihan
PENINGKATAN KINERJA GURU DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI KELAS MELALUI SUPERVISI EDUKATIF KOLABORATIF SECARA PERIODIK DI SMP NEGERI 1 SETU KAB. BEKASI
Authors: DIAN NURJANAH RADEN
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif tindakan sekolah yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Siklus I dan siklus II terdiri dari perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Adapun variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah perencanaan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi, dan tindak lanjut dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar di kelas. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan tes dan non tes. Alat yang digunakan dalam pengambilan data berupa instrumen supervisi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada siklus I, kegiatan perencanaan kegiatan belajar mengajar diperoleh data sebesar 89,5%, sedangkan pada tahap pelaksanaan kegiatan belajar mengajar sebesar 65,63%. Pada tahap penilaian hasil belajar diperoleh data sebesar 56,11% dan pada tahap tindak lanjut hasil belajar sebesar 54%. Dari siklus I dapat dilihat bahwa, kemampuan guru dalam tahap pelaksanaan, penilaian dan tindak lanjut masih sangat lemah, di bawah target yang sudah ditetapkan, yaitu sebesar > 75%. Pada siklus II setelah dilakukan tindakan diperoleh data sebesar 92,44% pada tahap perencanaan, 87,27% tahap pelaksanaan, 80,66% pada tahap penilaian, dan 88,8% pada tahap tindak lanjut. Ada peningkatan secara signifikan dari proses yang telah dilakukan, sehingga penelitian ini dihentikan cukup dua siklus karena tingkat ketercapaian yang sudah ditetapkan terlampuai, yaitu > 75%. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut dapat ditarik simpulan bahwa supervisi secara edukatif kaloboratif dapat meningkatkan kinerja guru dalam pembelajaran di kelas
Big data y open data en la administración turística: acceso y reutilización de información
Authors: BAUZÁ MARTORELL Felio José
Published: March 2021

LABURPENA: Turismoaren arloan, harreman juridikoaren paradigma berri baten aurrean gaude, zeina berrikuntza teknologikoan eta datuak irekitzean oinarritzen den. Makro-datuak eta datu irekiak izateko aukerak datu-kategoria berri bat ekarri dute, ohiko datuekin alderatuta ezberdina. Legegileak ez zuen datu horietan pentsatu datuak babesteko arloan indarrean dagoen araubide juridikoa egiteko orduan. Indarrean dauden tresna arautzaileak zaharkituta geratu dira, eta, zalantzarik gabe, erregulatu behar duten gizarte-errealitatetik oso urrun.
Artikulu honetan, indarrean dagoen araudia aztertuko da. Aldi berean, ordea, araudi hori aldatzeko modua iradokiko da, errealitate berrira egokitu dadin.

RESUMEN: Asistimos a un nuevo paradigma de la relación jurídica en materia de turismo basado en la innovación tecnológica y la apertura de datos. Las posibilidades de los macro datos y los datos abiertos dan lugar a una nueva categoría de datos muy distintos a los convencionales y para los que no pensaba el legislador a la hora de elaborar el régimen jurídico vigente de protección de datos. Los instrumentos normativos vigentes han quedado obsoletos y desde luego muy alejados de la realidad social que deben regular.
En este artículo se aborda un análisis de la normativa vigente, al tiempo que se sugiere su reforma y adaptación a la nueva realidad.

ABSTRACT: A new paradigm for the legal relationship regarding tourism based in technological innovation and opening of data is noticed. The possibilities of macro data and open data give rise to a new data category which are very different from conventional data and that were not kept in mind by the legislator when elaborating the current legal regime for data protection. The normative tools in force have become obsolete and they are certainly rather far away from the social reality they are supposed to regulate.
Regulación y uso de las redes de transporte y distribución de electricidad
Authors: LEIVA LÓPEZ Alejandro D.
Published: March 2021

LABURPENA: Garraio-sarearen eta elektrizitate-horniduraren erregulazio juridikoa garrantzi handiko gaia da jardueren banaketa bertikalaren printzipioan inspiratutako merkatu elektriko liberalizatuaren sorreran. Sarearen izaera monopolistak, ezinbesteko baliabidea izanik, erabiltzaileak sare horretara iristeko eta konektatzeko legezko arau batzuk mugatzea ekarri du, objektibotasun-, gardentasuneta diskriminaziorik ezaren irizpideetan oinarrituta. Ikerketa honek, alde batetik, hirugarrenak sarera sartzeko oinarria jorratuko du, eta, ondorioz, sare-kudeatzailem independenteak eratzeko beharra. Bestetik, sarbide-arloan indarrean dagoen araubide juridikoa jorratuko da hemen, gobernuak sareetara iristeko eta konektatzeko baimen-sistema berria arauz garatzen ez duen artean (Sektore Elektrikoari buruzko Legean iragarrita dago erregulazio hori). Era berean, azken urteotan sarbidearen esparruan agertu diren gatazka nagusiak aipatuko dira.

RESUMEN: La regulación jurídica de la red de transporte y distribución de electricidad es un tema trascendental en la creación de un mercado eléctrico liberalizado inspirado en el principio de separación vertical de actividades. El carácter monopolista de la red, por tratarse de un recurso esencial, ha conducido a la delimitación de unas reglas legales de acceso y conexión a ésta por parte de los usuarios, en base a criterios de objetividad, transparencia y no discriminación. El presente estudio aborda, de un lado, el fundamento de este acceso de terceros a la red y, en consecuencia, la necesaria configuración de unos gestores de red independientes y, de otro, el régimen jurídico vigente en materia de acceso en tanto el gobierno no desarrolle reglamentariamente el nuevo sistema de permisos de acceso y conexión a las redes, ya anunciado en la Ley del Sector Eléctrico. Asimismo, se hace mención de los principales conflictos de acceso acaecidos en los últimos años.

ABSTRACT: The legal regulation of the electricity transport and distribution network is a trascendental subject in the creation of a Deregulated Electricity Market inspired by unbundling. The monopolistic structure of the network, as an essential resource, has defined rules of access and connection to the network by the users, based on criteria of objectivity, transparency and non-discrimination. In the present study, on the one hand, we discussed the legal basis of third-party access to the network and, consequently, the necessary configuration of the independent network managers, and, on the other hand, the current legal system with regard to access, whilst the government does not develop the new system of access and connection permits to the networks, already announced by the Electrical Sector Law. Additionally, there is specific mention of the main accessconflicts what has happened in recent years.
Semblante jurídico de la democracia deliberativa local y sus aspectos polémicos
Authors: RUIZ-RICO RUIZ Catalina
Published: March 2021

LABURPENA: Tokian parte hartzeko egungo sistemak deliberazio-demokraziaren itzal juridikoak islatzen ditu, eta konstituzio-esferara iristen dira horiek. Alderdi eztabaidagarrien analisiak (hala nola parte hartzeko eskubideen izaera zalantzagarria, oinarrizko eskubideak udalek erregulatzea, diskriminazio-arriskua, administrazio-prozedurarik egon ezean agertzen diren berme urriak) arazo multzo zabala planteatzen du eraikuntza juridikoan. Konstituzioaren 23. artikuluaren hitzez hitzezkotasunaren eta espirituaren bidez, konstituzio-jurisprudentzia zorrotzaren bidez eta tokiko eskumenen bidez garatzen dira tokian parte hartzeko mugak. Tokiko parte-hartzea politizatzeak eta ordezkaritza politikoaren endemiak deliberazio-demokraziara eramateak tokiko parte-hartze horren zilegitasunean eta sinesgarritasun juridikoan eragiten dute.

RESUMEN: El actual sistema de participación local refleja las sombras jurídicas de la democracia deliberativa, con proyección en la esfera constitucional. El análisis de aspectos controvertidos como la discutible naturaleza de los derechos participativos, la regulación por los municipios de derechos fundamentales, el riesgo de discriminaciones, las deficientes garantías sin un procedimiento administrativo, plantea una extensa problemática en su construcción jurídica. Los límites a la participación local se desarrollan a través de la literalidad y espíritu del artículo 23 de la Constitución, la severa Jurisprudencia constitucional y las competencias locales. La politización de la participación local y la traslación a la democracia deliberativa de las endemias de la representación política interfieren en su legitimidad y credibilidad jurídica.

ABSTRACT: The current system of local participation reflects the legal shadows of deliberative democracy, with projection in the constitutional sphere. The analysis of controversial aspects such as the questionable nature of participatory rights, the regulation by municipalities of fundamental rights, the risk of discrimination, poor guarantees without an administrative procedure, poses an extensive problem to their legal construction. The limits to local participation are developed through the literal and spirit of Article 23 of the Constitution, the severe constitutional jurisprudence and local competencies. The politicization of the local participation and the transfer to the deliberative democracy of the endemics of the political representation Interfere with their legal legitimacy and credibility.
LA RESPUESTA DEL TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL A LOS DECRETOS-LEYES EN MATERIA DE DERECHOS SOCIALES. EL CRITICABLE RETROCESO DE LA JURISPRUDENCIA CONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ RAMOS MARIO
Published: March 2021

Dentro del marco temporal del periodo del 2008 al 2015 en el que
la crisis económica tuvo su apogeo, se han analizado las sentencias del Tribunal
Constitucional sobre Decretos-Leyes en materia de derechos sociales. Se presta
atención a las argumentaciones de las dos posturas enfrentadas en el seno del Tribunal
que ponen de manifiesto la diferente conceptualización sobre los derechos
sociales, su protección y su regulación. Se destaca también la débil argumentación
jurídico constitucional empleada por la mayoría para sustentar sus posiciones.

Joan gaitezen krisi ekonomikoaren aldirik gorenera, 2008-2015
bitartera, eta azter ditzagun Konstituzio Auzitegiak eskubide sozialen inguruko
lege‑dekretuen gainean hartu zituen epaiak. Auzitegi barruan badira bi jarrera
kontrajarri, eta batez ere haien arrazoibideak jo ditugu begiz, erakusten dutelako
badela modu bat baino gehiago eskubide sozialak eta haien babesa eta haien
arauketa kontzeptualizatzeko. Gehiengoak darabilen arrazoiketa juridikoa eskasa
da edonola ere, eta hori ere azpimarratu dugu.

In this article are analysed the judgments of the Constitucional
Court on Decrees-law dealing with social rights within the economic crisis from
2008 to 2015. Attention is paid to the constitutional grounds put forward by the
two opposing positions within the Constitutional Court, which highlights the
different concepts of social rights, their protection and their regulation. It also
becomes clear that the majority used weak constitutional grounds to support its
position.
LOS DERECHOS SOCIALES DE LOS CIUDADANOS DE PAÍSES TERCEROS ENTRE REGIONALISMO Y DERECHO DE LA UNIÓN EUROPEA. EL CASO ITALIANO
Authors: PELACANI GRACY
Published: March 2021

El análisis se concentra en los factores que influenciaron la evolución
y el alcance de los límites al acceso a los derechos sociales por parte de
los ciudadanos de países terceros en el ordenamiento italiano. Se considera, en
primer lugar, el impacto de las reformas constitucionales de 2001 y 2012 sobre
la atribución de competencias entre Estado y Regiones, y la manera en que estas
afectaron la disciplina de la inmigración y la normativa que regula el acceso a los
derechos sociales. En segundo lugar, prestamos atención a la jurisprudencia relevante
de la Corte costituzionale en la que se establece que, en el acceso a los derechos
sociales, aunque se permita el trato diferente con base en el estatuto jurídico
de los individuos, los elementos que lo justifican no podrán ser ni irrazonables ni
arbitrarios, al fin de no originar tratos discriminatorios y, por ende, inconstitucionales.

Joan gaitezen Italiako ordenamendura eta begiratu bat eman hirugarren
herrialdeetako herritarrek eskubide sozialetara iristeko dauzkaten mugei,
ea zerk izan duen zeresana muga horien bilakaeran eta norainokoan. Lehenik eta
behin, saiatuko gara ikusten 2001 eta 2012 bitarteko konstituzio-erreformek zer-nolako
ondorioak izan zituzten estatuaren eta eskualdeen arteko eskumen-banaketan
eta nolako eragina izan zuten immigrazioaren diziplinan eta eskubide sozialetarako
sarbidea antolatzen duen araudian. Bigarrenik, begiratuko dugu Corte Constituzionaleren
jurisprudentzian zer jartzen duen gai honi buruz. Eta, han dionez, eskubide
sozialetara iristeko bidean, ez da ezinezkoa tratua ezberdina izatea norbanakoaren
estatutu juridikoaren arabera, baina irizpideek ezin dute izan ez arrazoi gabeak ez
arbitrarioak, inor ez baztertzearren eta, hortaz, Konstituzioa ez urratzearren.

The contribution focuses on the elements that have influenced
the way in which access to social rights by third-country nationals has been
limited over time in the Italian legal system. It considers, in the first place, how
the 2001 and 2012 amendments of the Constitution impacted on the division
of competences between the State and the Regions, and the way in which they
have affected the body of norms regulating immigration and access to social
rights. Secondly, attention is paid to the relevant constitutional case-law where it
is affirmed that even if in regulating access to social rights a different treatment
based on the legal status of individuals is allowed, it cannot be justified by
arbitrary or no reasonable reasons, because otherwise they would amount to a
discriminatory treatment, thus being unconstitutional.
A review of the footsteps illusion
Authors: Kitaoka Akiyoshi , Anstis Stuart
Published: March 2021

Studies on the footsteps illusion proposed by Anstis (2001) and its variants are reviewed in this article. The footsteps illusion has been explained as a difference in perceived speed depending on edge contrast (Thompson, 1982). In addition to this explanation, it is suggested that the footsteps illusion and its variants can also be attributed to the geometrical illusion presented by Gregory and Heard (1983), to the extinction effect similar to hidden images by Wade (1990), and to subsequent position or motion captures. Related illusions, for example, the kickback illusion (Howe, Thompson, Anstis, Sagreiya, & Livingstone, 2006), the kick-forward illusion, the driving-on-a-bumpy-road illusion, or the footsteps illusion based upon reverse phi motion, are discussed in this article.
Soil Pollution vs. Soil Collembola as a Bioindicator: A review
Authors: Sahana Atreyee
Published: March 2021

Soil is the foundation of all life activities in terrestrial ecosystems. Soil micro arthropod groups (less than 2 mm in size) like Acari and Collembola comprise more than 90% of arthropod fauna in most soil types. They majorly help in soil formation by breaking up the organic matter and mixing it up with inorganic mineral components. Among them, various species of Collembola have been proved to be effective bioindicator tool to measure soil health either it is polluted or not by its several characteristics in temperate countries. Therefore, in today’s world where pollution in soil by various agents is a baffling issue like other environmental pollutions, these natural soil inhabitants can make a hope to measure the natural health of soil.
Carbaryl and Human Health: A Review
Authors: Sahana Atreyee , Agarwal Soumik
Published: March 2021

Carbaryl (1-naphthalenylmethylcarbamate) is one of the most frequently used carbamate insecticides. Carbaryl has elicited some serious carcinogenic activity in the chronic rodent studies and has also been found to cause tumors in the liver. Though carbaryl is relatively safe to mammals, but carbaryl causes damage to hepatocytes. It has other biochemical effects, as it reacts with reduced glutathione and probably directly with other accessible protein hydroxyl and sulphydryl groups or indirectly through reactions involving the glutathione conjugate. In mammals, carbaryl inhibits acetylcholinesterase causing several neural problems. Some recent reports suggest it can bind human melatonin receptors exerting serious implications on human health. Here in this review an attempt has been made to summarise carbaryl’s mode of action and its ill effects on human health.
DIMENSÕES DA AÇÃO E NOVAS TERRITORIALIDADES NO CERRADO BRASILEIRO: PISTAS PARA UMA ANÁLISE TEÓRICA
Authors: Bernardes Júlia Adão
Published: March 2021

Na contemporaneidade a ciência, a tecnologia e a informação constituem a base da reorganização do espaço e da sociedade. Portanto, é fundamental analisar os impactos das inovações tecnológicas na organização territorial das atividades do país, em um momento de transição paradigmática, no qual podem ser observadas as direções assumidas pela penetração da nova frente tecnológica e científica, com conseqüências acentuadas na divisão territorial e social do trabalho. Essas transformações estão sendo acompanhadas mediante a observação de novos processos que geram mudanças espaciais nas regiões de expansão da soja no cerrado de Mato Grosso. Nesse contexto, coloca-se como objetivo mais amplo uma proposta teórica para avaliação das ações na agricultura moderna e seus efeitos econômicos, políticos, sociais e territoriais. O tema em estudo está sendo desenvolvido a partir de suas relações com a economia mundial, a qual se manifesta através das mudanças científico- tecnológicas.
ECONOMÍA REGIONAL Y EMERGENCIA DE MOVIMIENTOS AGRARIOS. LA REGIÓN CHAQUEÑA DE LOS AÑOS SETENTA
Authors: Galafassi Guido
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de esta ponencia es realizar una caracterización de las relaciones de producción y del desarrollo de la actividad agropecuaria en la región chaqueña, para poder establecer así correlaciones con la emergencia de un importante proceso de movilización social de campesinos y medianos productores en los años setenta (Ligas Agrarias). El accionar de este movimiento agrario se definía explícitamente desde una situación tanto de subsunción en términos de clases sociales como de marginalidad y subdesarrollo regional. Como las Ligas Agrarias inscribían su lucha dentro de una acepción que resaltaba las desigualdades sociales y las desigualdades socioeconómicas espacio-territoriales, es importante entonces estudiar las características estructurales e históricas de la economía regional, para poder entender más cabalmente el origen del movimiento social.
CAMPO E CIDADE NO BRASIL: TRANSFORMAÇÕES SOCIOESPACIAIS E DIFICULDADES DE CONCEITUAÇÃO
Authors: Suzuki Júlio Cézar
Published: March 2021

A cidade e o campo, no Brasil, surgem no movimento de expansão da modernidade e do moderno, a partir da expansão ultramarina, constituindo-se em fundamento do processo colonizador. Desde então, seus conteúdos e suas formas foram alteradas, o que demanda a necessidade de re-pensar os seus conceitos. É, então, no contexto de metamorfoses sociais, econômicas e políticas que tentaremos analisar as transformações socioespaciais da cidade e do campo, no Brasil, como fundamento da discussão da importância de sua reconceituação, na contemporaneidade, para dar conta de seus novos conteúdos e novas formas.
BRÉSIL : L’ENJEU DES BIOCARBURANTS
Authors: Droulers Martine
Published: March 2021

Cet article aborde trois questions : comment se pose, dans un pays comme le Brésil, le défi de l’autonomie énergétique à partir d'une ressource renouvelable agricole ? Comment s'opère la progression spatiale et la concentration industrielle et régionale de l’agro-industrie de la canne à sucre dans un pays marqué par des structures de production très différenciées et inégales? Enfin, comment le modèle productiviste qui relance les problèmes écologiques et technologiques répond, en partie, aux défis de la modernisation conservatrice et du développement territorial ?
MUITO ALÉM DE GIZ E LOUSA: ANÁLISE DO LITÍGIO DISCURSIVO EM TORNO DA QUESTÃO AGRÁRIA
Authors: Romão Lucília Maria Souza , Pacífico Soraya Maria Romano
Published: March 2021

Tomar o discurso como objeto de análise, tendo como fundamentação teórica a Análise do Discurso (AD) de Michel Pêcheux, abre-nos um leque de interpretações para os textos, pois segundo a AD, o sentido não está pronto nem predeterminado, assim, sempre pode vir-a-ser outro. Nesse trabalho, analisaremos um corpus de dados colhidos na rede eletrônica e constituído por notícias, artigos e textos institucionais, marcando a emergência de duas formações discursivas. De um lado, o discurso sobre o curso de Direito de uma Universidade Federal e sobre um livro didático de História distribuído pelo MEC; de outro, o discurso de um programa institucional da Associação Brasileira do Agronegócio de Ribeirão Preto para todo o Estado de São Paulo. Buscamos investigar como são produzidos sentidos sobre o que consideramos ser um litígio discursivo que se dá muito além de giz e lousa.
TERRORISMO À BRASILEIRA: A RETÓRICA DA VEZ DA CLASSE DOMINANTE CONTRA O MST
Authors: Villas Bôas Rafael Litvin
Published: March 2021

A tentativa da elite ruralista do país de associar as ações do MST com os atos de grupos terroristas contemporâneos, em sintonia com os meios de comunicação hegemônicos, é o objeto de reflexão do artigo. Essa manobra é evidenciada pela análise de dois documentos – uma reportagem da revista de maior circulação do país e um encaminhamento de projeto de lei no Congresso Nacional – e das conexões existentes entre eles. Mediante desconstrução dessa associação, pretende-se também expor o contraponto do argumento acusatório do caráter violento do MST, por meio da reunião de dados de pesquisas que indicam como áreas violentas aquelas inerentes aos pólos de expansão do agronegócio.
“BOOM” AGRÍCOLA E PERSISTÊNCIA DA POBREZA NA AMÉRICA LATINA: ALGUMAS REFLEXÕES
Authors: Silva José Graziano da , Gómez Sérgio , Castañeda Rodrigo
Published: March 2021

Este artigo está centrado em análises de alguns fatores que estariam ampliando a brecha entre o dinamismo de setores agropecuários e os avanços na redução da pobreza rural. Esta brecha é analisada em relação à capacidade que tiveram os distintos países estudados em avançar estas duas dimensões: pobreza e crescimento. Desse ponto surge a pergunta sobre quais são as formas de criar uma nova agenda de pesquisa e de discussão política, no quadro das atuais tendências do desenvolvimento agropecuário e rural na América Latina. Deste ponto de vista, no artigo fazemos referência à origem da hipótese inicial e apresentamos uma visão do impacto dos modelos de desenvolvimento sobre a pobreza rural que têm predominado na região. Em seguida, fazemos uma síntese dos principais resultados obtidos em cada um dos oito países onde se realizaram os estudos. Em terceiro lugar, apresentamos as principais conclusões. Por último, apresentamos a agenda de políticas públicas com aspectos importantes para superar situações de pobreza rural.