bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy, safety, and predictors of response to infliximab therapy for ulcerative colitis: A Korean multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Lee Kang‐Moon , Jeen Yoon Tae , Cho Ju Yeon , Lee Chang Kyun , Koo Ja‐Seol , Park Dong Il , Im Jong Pil , Park Soo Jung , Kim You Sun , Kim Tae Oh , Lee Suck‐Ho , Jang Byung Ik , Kim Ji Won , Park Young Sook , Kim Eun‐Soo , Choi Chang Hwan , Kim Hyo Jong ,   IBD study Group of Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases
Published: July 2013

Background/Aims

Infliximab is currently used for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe ulcerative colitis (UC) with an inadequate response to conventional agents. The efficacy and safety of infliximab in Korean patients with UC were assessed.

Methods

This was a retrospective multicenter study including all adult patients who received at least one infliximab infusion for UC. Short‐ and long‐term clinical outcomes and adverse events of infliximab therapy were evaluated, and predictors of response were identified.

Results

A total of 134 UC patients were included. The indications for infliximab therapy were acute severe UC in 28%, steroid‐dependency in 38%, and steroid‐refractoriness in 33%, respectively. The rates of clinical response and remission were 87% and 45% at week 8. In multivariate analysis, we found significant predictors of clinical remission at week 8: immunomodulator‐naïve (odds ratio [OR] = 4.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44–16.66, P = 0.01), hemoglobin ≥ 11.5 g/dL (OR = 4.47, 95% CI: 1.48–13.45, P = 0.008), C‐reactive protein ≥ 3 mg/dL (OR = 4.77, 95% CI: 1.43–15.94, P = 0.01), and response at week 2 (OR = 20.54, 95% CI: 2.40–175.71, P = 0.006). Long‐term clinical response and remission rates were 71% and 52%, respectively, and mucosal healing was the only factor influencing long‐term response. Adverse events related to infliximab occurred in 15% of patients, and most of them were mild and transient.

Conclusions

Infliximab is effective and safe in the treatment of active UC in Korea. No history of previous immunomodulator use and high baseline C‐reactive protein are independent predictors of good response.
Daily intake of vitamin D‐ or calcium‐vitamin D‐fortified Persian yogurt drink (doogh) attenuates diabetes‐induced oxidative stress: evidence for antioxidative properties of vitamin D
Authors: Nikooyeh B. , Neyestani T. R. , Tayebinejad N. , Alavi‐Majd H. , Shariatzadeh N. , Kalayi A. , Zahedirad M. , Heravifard S. , Salekzamani S.
Published: July 2013

Background

Both poor vitamin D status and oxidative stress (OS) have been independently associated with late diabetic complications, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). The present study aimed to examine the effect of daily intake of vitamin D alone or in combination with calcium as a fortified Persian yogurt drink (doogh) on OS over 12 weeks.

Methods

Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes aged 30–50 years from both sexes were randomly allocated to one of the three groups to receive two 250‐mL bottles of doogh a day, which was either plain (PD; containing 150 mg per 250 mL of calcium and no detectable vitamin D), vitamin D‐fortified (DD; containing 150 mg of calcium + 500 IU vitamin D per 250 mL) or calcium‐vitamin D‐fortified (CDD; 250 mg od calcium + 500 IU vitamin D per 250 mL).

Results

Although mean (SD) serum concentrations of protein carbonyl significantly decreased in both DD and CDD groups [−2.07 (4.39) nm, P = 0.015 and −4.4 (7.64) nm, P = 0.003, respectively], the change in PD group was not significant [−0.54 (6.96) nm, P = 0.674]. A similar pattern was observed for cardiac myeloperoxidase [PD: −19.4 (75.9) μg L−1, P = 0.173; DD: −21.8 (54.2) μg L−1, P = 0.035, CDD: −48.5 (76.9) μg L−1, P = 0.002]. Superoxide dismutase increased significantly only in DD and CDD [56.9 (74.0) U L−1, P < 0.001 and 51.6 (119.9) U L−1, P = 0.025, respectively]. Changes of serum advanced glycation end‐products showed a significant between‐group difference among PD, DD and CDD [239.4 (388.4) U L−1, −58.1 (147.6) U L−1 and −143.7 (475.9) U L−1 × 103, respectively, P = 0.003], which remained significant after controlling for changes of fasting serum glucose (P = 0.013) and glycated haemoglobin (P = 0.015).

Conclusions

The findings of the present study demonstrated an OS attenuating effect of vitamin D. However, extra calcium did not convey additional benefit.
Searching for reintegration: life experiences of people with schizophrenia
Authors: Ko Chen‐Ju , Smith Pam , Liao Hui‐Yen , Chiang Hsien‐Hsien
Published: July 2013

Aims and objectives

This study aimed to understand how people with chronic schizophrenia live with their illness experiences.

Background

Schizophrenic clients in Taiwan have reported ineffective community care. As a long‐term deteriorating disorder, schizophrenia represents an important issue for healthcare providers.

Design

The research was conducted using an interpretative phenomenological approach, which stresses meaning and people's relationships with their surrounding world.

Methods

Purposeful homogeneous sampling was used to recruit 15 participants who were interviewed individually. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was applied to the data.

Results

The superordinate theme that emerged from this study was ‘searching for reintegration’. Reflecting on, living with and learning from illness experiences represented a dynamic process for participants to reintegrate their lives. By reflecting on the suffering associated with their psychological experiences, participants were able to engage in developing different strategies to cope with schizophrenia. This learning process enabled them to believe in, and value, their lives.

Conclusion

Psychological experiences can break down people's inner worlds, but also open up possibilities for self‐renewal. The cultural context exerts a powerful influence on the psychological comfort of people with schizophrenia and is therefore an area of possible concern.

Relevance to clinical practice

This research focused on reintegrating process of people with schizophrenia and developing culturally sensitive nursing care.
Developing a framework for nursing handover in the emergency department: an individualised and systematic approach
Authors: Klim Sharon , Kelly Anne‐Maree , Kerr Debra , Wood Sallie , McCann Terence
Published: July 2013

Aims and objectives

To explore emergency department (ED) nurses' perceptions of current practices and essential components of effective change of shift nursing handover.

Background

Ineffective nursing handover can negatively impact on patient outcomes. Evidence suggests that nursing handover in ED is highly variable. Proposed handover models in the literature are structured for inpatient settings and may not be suitable for ED settings.

Design

A mixed methods study (survey and group interviews) was conducted in a metropolitan ED in Melbourne, Australia.

Methods

During February–June 2011, a survey (n = 63) investigated perceptions of current practices and preferences for handover structure. Analyses are descriptive. In the same period, group interviews (n = 41) explored nurses' opinions about essential features and information of an effective nursing handover in the ED environment. A modified nominal group technique generated data that were analysed using content analysis.

Results

Most nurses (96%) perceived receiving adequate information during handover; however, gaps were identified, including omission of important information regarding medications, vital signs and nursing care needs. Group interviews identified five essential features of effective handover: systematic approach, treatment, appropriate environment, reference to documentation/charts and efficient communication. Essential information included patient details, presenting problem, future care/disposition plan, treatment and nursing observations.

Conclusion

Handover structures in the ED may not provide essential information to ensure adequate continuity of nursing care. ED nurses consider optimal handover to be specific for patients for whom they are caring, conducted at the bedside, structured and containing key elements (patient details, presenting problem, treatment, nursing observations, plan).

Relevance to clinical practice

Provision of a handover framework incorporating key features and essential information has the potential to improve the efficiency of handover. Use of this framework may enhance the transfer of accurate and essential information to enable safe and high standards of nursing care in the ED.
Older people living at home: associations between falls and health complaints in men and women
Authors: Hedman Ann‐Marie Rydholm , Fonad Edit , Sandmark Hélène
Published: July 2013

Aims and objectives

To investigate the associations between self‐reported falls and health complaints, among persons aged 75 years and older living at home, and to investigate gender differences in the associations.

Background

There are several studies concerned with risk factors for falling, and others related to health complaints, but not many with associations between falls and health complaints. There are some inconsistent data of incidence and gender‐related differences in falling.

Design

Case–control community‐based study.

Methods

In total, 1243 persons living in two municipal districts in Sweden answered a questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) and regression models with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to determine the associations between self‐reported falls and different health complaints.

Results

The adjusted (multivariate) linear regression showed that urinary incontinence, self‐rated health and tiredness were significantly associated with falls for both men and women living at home. The gender‐related differences in falling were associated with the variables such as self‐rated health for men and tiredness and pain in the hands, elbows, legs or knees for women.

Conclusion

An association is evident between falls and urinary incontinence, poor self‐rated health and tiredness for older persons living at home. Gender differences in falls show an association with poor self‐rated health, tiredness and pain in the hands, elbows, legs or knees.

Relevance to clinical practice

As older people are expected to live in their own homes as long as possible, more knowledge is required about what determines the risk of falling. Nurses in community care are recommended to use assessment tools that include urinary incontinence in order to detect the risk of falling.
The FORMNET‐B database: monitoring the biomass and dynamics of disturbed and degraded tropical forests
Authors: Cho Percival , Blackburn George A. , Bird Neil M. , Brewer Steven W. , Barlow Jos
Published: July 2013

The biomass and dynamics of disturbed and degraded tropical forests have mostly been ignored in the recent scientific literature, partly because of a spotlight on old‐growth forests but also due to a lack of long‐term data from degraded forests. There is a pressing need to understand the rates and patterns of growth, mortality and recruitment in degraded forests, not only because they are increasing in area relative to old‐growth forests, but also due to their potential capacity to sequester large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This paper introduces a permanent forest plot network and database, FORMNET‐B (GIVD ID# NA‐BZ‐001), designed to study the long‐term dynamics of disturbed and degraded tropical forests in Belize, Central America.
The digital reading path: researching modes and multidirectionality with iPads
Authors: Simpson Alyson , Walsh Maureen , Rowsell Jennifer
Published: July 2013

This paper reports a study that examines the integration of tablet technologies such as iPads into literacy lessons to investigate how reading and meaning‐making occur within this digital medium. Specifically in this paper, we discuss the concept of reading paths as applied to physical and cognitive planes of meaning‐making. The paper reports on data collected as part of a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) funded project involving researchers from Canada, the United States and Australia. The study is currently under way in schools in the three different countries where the researchers are observing students in classrooms in primary and secondary schools. The research is designed with a mixed methods approach coding video footage of dyads to enable close study of their interaction during literacy tasks incorporating iPads. Our findings show that the affordances of touch technology allow for multimodal, multidirectional reading paths. By tracking students' interactions with the digital platform through touch, it is possible to see navigation as evidence of the relationship between material and cognitive processes, which fosters metatextual awareness. These aspects of modes and new literacies construct a dynamic materiality for students' reading and writing. As a result, we propose that current awareness of the mode of gesture needs to be expanded to take into account haptic ways of learning.
Rhamnose biosynthesis in mycoplasmas requires precursor glycans larger than monosaccharide
Authors: Jordan David S. , Daubenspeck James M. , Dybvig Kevin
Published: July 2013

Despite the apparent absence of genes coding for the known pathways for biosynthesis, the monosaccharide rhamnose was detected in the d configuration in Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pulmonis, and in both the d and l configurations in Mycoplasma arthritidis. Surprisingly, the monosaccharide glucose was not a precursor for rhamnose biosynthesis and was not incorporated at detectable levels in glucose‐containing polysaccharides or glycoconjugates. In contrast, carbon atoms from starch, a polymer of glucose, were incorporated into rhamnose in each of the three species examined. When grown in a serum‐free medium supplemented with starch, M. arthritidis synthesized higher levels of rhamnose, with a shift in the relative amounts of the d and l configurations. Our findings suggest the presence of a novel pathway for rhamnose synthesis that is widespread in the genus Mycoplasma.
Genes and functional GI disorders: from casual to causal relationship
Authors: D'Amato Mauro
Published: July 2013

Background

The functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID), and in particular irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), pose a considerable burden on health care and society, and negatively impact quality of life. These are common conditions of unknown etiology, and symptom‐based criteria are currently the sole nosological tools for their clinical classification. Major insight into FGID pathophysiology is therefore needed and, in recent years, increasing hope has been put on genetic research for the identification of causative pathways. This is more advanced in IBS compared with other FGID, but it has still provided often indecipherable results and no unequivocal evidence of a pathogenetic role for any particular gene. Although thousands of genetic variants have been undoubtedly linked to human disease in hundreds of genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), no similar effort has yet even been attempted in FGID. If meaningful, robust, and reproducible results are to be obtained for IBS and other FGID, we must shift gear and adopt these powerful hypothesis‐free approaches through concerted actions and allocation of adequate resources. Provided these are in place, the major challenge will be, inevitably, the choice of the target phenotype(s) beyond a descriptive symptom‐based classification.

Purpose

In view of these much awaited developments, salient results and difficulties inherent to IBS gene discovery are briefly summarized here.
The Binding of Curcuma longa Extract with Bovine Serum Albumin Monitored via Time‐Resolved Fluorescence
Authors: Adília Lemos M. , Hungerford Graham
Published: July 2013

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is obtained from the rhizome of the Zingberaceae family and has a long history as an ingredient in cooking. It has been used as a dye and recently research has concentrated on its possible health benefits, specifically because of its antioxidant activity. The principal compound that is responsible for this activity is curcumin, which is present with the other curcuminoids; demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Curcumin exhibits fluorescence and its photophysics are markedly affected by the polarity, hydrogen bonding and pH. This provides a means to examine its interaction with proteins, which is important if its potential health role is to be fully investigated. In this work, we monitor the binding kinetics using time‐resolved fluorescence measurements, enabled by the use of low dead time electronics coupled with a high repetition rate excitation source and time‐resolved emission spectra of the extracted curcuminoids upon interaction with bovine serum albumin. From these measurements the decay‐associated spectra of the different lifetime components were obtained, which is consistent with reports of more than one binding site. Monitoring changes in these spectra with increasing temperature also allows for the denaturing of the serum albumin to be inferred.
Photochemical and Thermal Stability of Some Dihydroxyacetophenones Used as UV‐MALDI‐MS Matrices
Authors: Tarzi Olga I. , Stéfano Luciano Di , Argüello Juan E. , Oksdath‐Mansilla Gabriela , Erra‐Balsells Rosa
Published: July 2013

2,4‐, 2,5‐, 2,6‐ and 3,5‐dihydroxyacetophenone (DHA) used as matrices in matrix‐assisted ultraviolet laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (UV‐MALDI‐MS) were studied by steady‐state and transient absorption spectroscopy, together with DFT calculations at the B3LYP level of theory. All compounds have low fluorescence quantum yields, possibly due to an efficient excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). Laser flash photolysis (LFP) results showed that, only for 2,4‐DHA, a phototautomer could be detected at λ = 400 nm. Their photochemical stability in solution at different wavelengths and conditions was analyzed by UV–Vis and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐NMR), together with thin layer chromatography and ultraviolet laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (UV‐LDI‐MS). Only 3,5‐DHA showed decomposition when irradiated, probably because phototautomerization is not possible. Thermal stability studies of these compounds in solid state were also conducted.
Species of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. boninense complexes associated with olive anthracnose
Authors: Schena L. , Mosca S. , Cacciola S. O. , Faedda R. , Sanzani S. M. , Agosteo G. E. , Sergeeva V. , Magnano di San Lio G.
Published: July 2013

The taxonomic status of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato (s.l.) associated with olive anthracnose is still undetermined and the pathogenic ability of this species complex is controversial. In the present study, isolates obtained from olive and provisionally identified as C. gloeosporioides s.l. on the basis of morphological and cultural features were reclassified using ITS and TUB2 as DNA barcode markers and referred to seven distinct species, recently separated within C. gloeosporioides (C. aenigma, C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto (s.s.), C. kahawae, C. queenslandicum, C. siamense and C. theobromicola) and C. boninense (C. karstii) species complexes. Furthermore, isolates of C. kahawae were ascribed to the subspecies ciggaro by analysing the GS gene. A single isolate, not in either of these two species complexes, was not identified at the species level. In pathogenicity tests on detached olive drupes some of these species, including C. aenigma, C. kahawae subsp. ciggaro, C. queenslandicum, C. siamense and C. karstii, were shown to be weakly pathogenic. Moreover, they were found very sporadically on olive. In contrast, some isolates of C. gloeosporioides s.s. and isolates of C. theobromicola proved to be virulent on both green and ripening olives. This study gives a better insight into both the aetiology and the epidemiology of olive anthracnose and might have implications for biosecurity and quarantine because C. theobromicola has never been reported in major European olive‐producing countries.
Palinurid lobster aquaculture: nutritional progress and considerations for successful larval rearing
Authors: Francis David S. , Salmon Matt L. , Kenway Matt J. , Hall Michael R.
Published: July 2013

The closed‐cycle rearing of palinurid lobsters in commercially relevant quantities currently represents one of the most difficult challenges facing modern‐day aquaculture. The length and complexity of the larval life cycle exacerbate the problem, comprising the major bottleneck to their successful aquaculture. The general consensus is that developments in the key research area of nutrition will provide the necessary breakthroughs to make the closed‐cycle rearing of lobster a reality. Due to the cryptic nature of feeding preferences and complex larval morphology, a commercially formulated feed for their culture does currently not exist. Nevertheless, there has been a wealth of research conducted to elucidate many of the unknowns concerning larval nutritional requirements. This review presents a synthesis of this information, ranging from investigations of larval morphology and feeding behaviour, hatchery nutrition practices, the elucidation of wild prey items and the nutritional content of wild‐caught larval species. Based on the information available, this review culminates with a ‘best guess’ formulation for a larval spiny lobster diet, taking aspects concerning both the physical and chemical attributes of formulation into consideration. It is concluded that larval spiny lobsters are likely comparatively low in relation to other larval species with respect to their quantitative dietary requirements. Ultimately, the overall success of the larval cycle appears to be dictated by the stockpiling of lipids to fuel an energy‐demanding metamorphosis and a subsequent nonfeeding puerulus phase. These insights provide valuable direction for the formulation of nutritionally complete feeds to permit the closed‐loop culture of spiny lobster species.
Climatic versus halokinetic control on sedimentation in a dryland fluvial succession
Authors: Banham Steven G. , Mountney Nigel P.
Published: July 2013

Fluvial systems and their preserved stratigraphic expression as the fill of evolving basins are controlled by multiple factors, which can vary both spatially and temporally, including prevailing climate, sediment provenance, localized changes in the rates of creation and infill of accommodation in response to subsidence, and diversion by surface topographic features. In basins that develop in response to halokinesis, mobilized salt tends to be displaced by sediment loading to create a series of rapidly subsiding mini‐basins, each separated by growing salt walls. The style and pattern of fluvial sedimentation governs the rate at which accommodation becomes filled, whereas the rate of growth of basin‐bounding salt walls governs whether an emergent surface topography will develop that has the potential to divert and modify fluvial drainage pathways and thereby dictate the resultant fluvial stratigraphic architecture. Discerning the relative roles played by halokinesis and other factors, such as climate‐driven variations in the rate and style of sediment supply, is far from straightforward. Diverse stratigraphic architectures present in temporally equivalent, neighbouring salt‐walled mini‐basins demonstrate the effectiveness of topographically elevated salt walls as agents that partition and guide fluvial pathways, and thereby control the loci of accumulation of fluvial successions in evolving mini‐basins: drainage pathways can be focused into a single mini‐basin to preserve a sand‐prone fill style, whilst leaving adjoining basins relatively sand‐starved. By contrast, over the evolutionary history of a suite of salt‐walled mini‐basins, region‐wide changes in fluvial style can be shown to have been driven by changes in palaeoclimate and sediment‐delivery style. The Triassic Moenkopi Formation of the south‐western USA represents the preserved expression of a dryland fluvial system that accumulated across a broad, low‐relief alluvial plain, in a regressive continental to paralic setting. Within south‐eastern Utah, the Moenkopi Formation accumulated in a series of actively subsiding salt‐walled mini‐basins, ongoing evolution of which exerted a significant control on the style of drainage and resultant pattern of stratigraphic accumulation. Drainage pathways developed axial (parallel) to salt walls, resulting in compartmentalized accumulation of strata whereby neighbouring mini‐basins record significant variations in sedimentary style at the same stratigraphic level. Despite the complexities created by halokinetic controls, the signature of climate‐driven sediment delivery can be deciphered from the preserved succession by comparison with the stratigraphic expression of part of the system that accumulated beyond the influence of halokinesis, and this approach can be used to demonstrate regional variations in climate‐controlled styles of sediment delivery.
Lexical decision and the number of morphemes and affixes
Authors: Muncer Steven J. , Knight David C. , Adams John W.
Published: July 2013

There has been a considerable amount of research looking at the effects of both syllable number and syllable frequency on lexical decision and word naming times. Recently, there has also been an increased interest in morphological variables, but there have been no large scale studies that have examined the role of the number of morphemes in lexical decision for nonwords. This is partly because of the difficulty of identifying morphemes in nonwords. We present a program that identifies the presence of affixes and, therefore, can be used to count the number of morpheme‐like elements in a nonword. We then used the program to measure the importance of affixes/morphemes in predicting lexical decision in nonwords. The results suggested that morphemes have an important role in lexical decision for both words and nonwords.
The end of the Pacific? Effects of sea level rise on Pacific Island livelihoods
Authors: Nunn Patrick D.
Published: July 2013

As in the past, most Pacific Island people live today along island coasts and subsist largely on foods available both onshore and offshore. On at least two occasions in the 3500 years that Pacific Islands have been settled, sea level changes affected coastal bioproductivity to the extent that island societies were transformed in consequence. Over the past 200 years, sea level has been rising along most Pacific Island coasts causing loss of productive land through direct inundation (flooding), shoreline erosion and groundwater salinization. Responses have been largely uninformed, many unsuccessful. By the year 2100, sea level may be 1.2 m higher than today. Together with other climate‐linked changes and unsustainable human pressures on coastal zones, this will pose huge challenges for livelihoods. There is an urgent need for effective and sustainable adaptation of livelihoods to prepare for future sea level rise in the Pacific Islands region. There are also lessons to be learned from past failures, including the need for adaptive solutions that are environmentally and culturally appropriate, and those which appropriate decision makers are empowered to design and implement. Around the middle of the twenty‐first century, traditional coastal livelihoods are likely to be difficult to sustain, so people in the region will need alternative food production systems. Within the next 20–30 years, it is likely that many coastal settlements will need to be relocated, partly or wholly. There are advantages in anticipating these needs and planning for them sooner rather than later. In many ways, the historical and modern Pacific will end within the next few decades. There will be fundamental irreversible changes in island geography, settlement patterns, subsistence systems, societies and economic development, forced by sea level rise and other factors.
ReadingLanyu's tourism landscape: Hybridity and identity onOrchidIsland,Taiwan
Authors: Yorgason Ethan , Ming Hsia Li
Published: July 2013

This article analyses the creation and implications for cultural identity of a hybrid tourism landscape onTaiwan'sOrchidIsland (Lanyu). It particularly argues thatLanyu's nativeTao people have begun to gain a somewhat stronger cultural identity and autonomy through this landscape.OrchidIsland underwent rapid modernization within the past 60 years. The article not only shows how tourism was imposed byTaiwan's government, but also how theTao have made greater use of tourism's landscape over time for their own purposes. Not without sociocultural problems and contradictions,Lanyu's tourism landscape has been polysemic enough to allow for gradually improving relationships betweenTaiwanese andTao and for gradually increasingTao participation in modernity on their own terms.
Unravelling property relations around forest carbon
Authors: Mahanty Sango , Dressler Wolfram , Milne Sarah , Filer Colin
Published: July 2013

Market‐based interventions to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) enable the carbon stored in land and forests to be traded as a new and intangible form of property. Using examples from Cambodia, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea, we examine the property negotiations underpinning this new forest carbon economy. We show that the institutions and land use negotiations needed to ‘produce’ forest carbon interact recursively with existing property claims over land and forests. Even where customary rights are formally recognized (PNG, Philippines), claims to forest carbon are still complicated by ambiguities and complexities surrounding rights to forested land. Meanwhile the new value attached to forest carbon can stimulate efforts to appropriate land and forest resources associated with it, creating new power relations and property dynamics. This interplay between forest carbon and underlying contested property claims in rural forest settings creates an unstable basis for forest carbon markets and raises questions about future access to forested land.
Landforms and landscape evolution in the Mylliem Granite Area, Meghalaya Plateau, Northeast India
Authors: Migoń Piotr , Prokop Paweł
Published: July 2013

The Mylliem granite is one of many igneous bodies within the basement complex of the Meghalaya Plateau, northeast India. Although relatively small in size at c. 90 km2, it is very diverse geomorphologically and shows a range of distinctive landscapes within its limits. Relict flat watershed ridges and topographic basins characterize the northern and eastern part of the pluton, whereas to the southwest the relief becomes higher, with steeper hillslopes and deeply incised valleys. Deep weathering and thick saprolites are abundant, as are residual landforms resulting from stripping of the saprolite: domes, tors and boulders. The major reason behind the diversity of granite landscape of the Mylliem pluton is the progress of headward erosion, initiated at the Dauki fault in the south of the Meghalaya. Headward erosion enhances local relief and hence, weathering systems. Multi‐concave morphology is gradually transformed into multi‐convex one, which is hypothesized to be the specific mode of plateau evolution and scarp retreat in granite bedrock.
Loose threads: The translocal making of public space policy in Hanoi
Authors: Söderström Ola , Geertman Stephanie
Published: July 2013

This paper analyses the recent developments in public space policy in the city of Hanoi, Vietnam. It has three aims. The first is to look at a potentially progressive urban policy in contrast to most work on ‘policies in motion’ that has primarily been concerned with neoliberal policies. The second is to put the process of public space policymaking in Hanoi in historical and cultural perspective. We therefore describe public space in Hanoi as historically constituted by different layers of meaning and physical urban patterns. The paper's third aim is to analyse the translocal connections involved in a policy that is still in the making, and therefore characterized by a series of ‘loose threads’. We show how different types of connections – policy mobility, topological relations and inter‐referencing – relate Hanoi to multiple locales elsewhere. The conclusion reflects on the ‘politics of reception’ showing how analysing a policy in the making develops a critical analysis of policies in motion.
A Physical Education trial improves adolescents' cognitive performance and academic achievement: the EDUFIT study
Authors: Ardoy D. N. , Fernández‐Rodríguez J. M. , Jiménez‐Pavón D. , Castillo R. , Ruiz J. R. , Ortega F. B.
Published: July 2013

To analyze the effects of an intervention focused on increasing the time and intensity of Physical Education (PE), on adolescents' cognitive performance and academic achievement. A 4‐month group‐randomized controlled trial was conducted in 67 adolescents from South‐East Spain, 2007. Three classes were randomly allocated into control group (CG), experimental group 1 (EG1) and experimental group 2 (EG2). CG received usual PE (two sessions/week), EG1 received four PE sessions/week and EG2 received four PE sessions/week of high intensity. Cognitive performance (non‐verbal and verbal ability, abstract reasoning, spatial ability, verbal reasoning and numerical ability) was assessed by the Spanish Overall and Factorial Intelligence Test, and academic achievement by school grades. All the cognitive performance variables, except verbal reasoning, increased more in EG2 than in CG (all P < 0.05). Average school grades (e.g., mathematics) increased more in EG2 than in CG. Overall, EG2 improved more than EG1, without differences between EG1 and CG. Increased PE can benefit cognitive performance and academic achievement. This study contributes to the current knowledge by suggesting that the intensity of PE sessions might play a role in the positive effect of physical activity on cognition and academic success. Future studies involving larger sample sizes should confirm or contrast these preliminary findings.
Social Self‐Control, Externalizing Behavior, and Peer Liking Among Children with ADHD‐CT: A Mediation Model
Authors: Rosen Paul J. , Vaughn Aaron J. , Epstein Jeffery N. , Hoza Betsy , Arnold L. Eugene , Hechtman Lily , Molina Brooke S. G. , Swanson James M.
Published: July 2013

This study investigated the role of externalizing behavior as a mediator of the relation between social self‐control and peer liking among children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder‐combined type (ADHD‐CT). A model was proposed whereby externalizing behavior would fully statistically account for the direct relation of social self‐control to peer liking. One hundred seventy‐two children ages 7.0–9.9 years with ADHD‐CT were rated by their teachers regarding their social self‐control and by their parents and teachers regarding their rates of externalizing behavior. Same‐sex classmates provided ratings of overall liking. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the proposed model. Results supported the proposed model of externalizing behavior as fully statistically accounting for the relation of social self‐control to peer liking. This study demonstrated the crucial role that externalizing behaviors play in the social impairment commonly seen among children with ADHD‐CT.
When Is It Okay to Exclude a Member of the Ingroup? Children's and Adolescents’ Social Reasoning
Authors: Hitti Aline , Mulvey Kelly Lynn , Rutland Adam , Abrams Dominic , Killen Melanie
Published: July 2013

Social exclusion of those who challenge group norms was investigated by asking children and adolescents, adolescents, age 9–13 years (N =381), to evaluate exclusion of group members who deviated from group norms. Testing predictions from social reasoning developmental theories of group‐based exclusion, children and adolescents evaluated exclusion based on group norms involving allocation of resources and group traditions about dress code. Exclusion of deviant members was viewed as increasingly wrong with age, but also varied by the type of norm the deviant challenged. Participants who reported disliking a deviant member who wanted to distribute money unequally also found it acceptable to exclude them. Those who disliked deviants who went against norms about dress codes did not think exclusion was warranted. These findings are discussed in the context of children's social‐cognitive development regarding peer rejection as well as the role played by moral judgment and group dynamics.
A novel HLA‐B*13 allele, B*13:68, was identified by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Chi X.‐Y. , Feng Z.‐H. , Hu B. , Zhao L. , Jiao S.‐X.
Published: July 2013

A novel allele B*13:68 was identified in a Chinese individual by sequence‐based typing method.
Alloimmunisation during pregnancy in Greece: need for nationwide HDFN prevention programme
Authors: Foudoulaki‐Paparizos L. , Valsami S. , Bournas N. , Tsantes A. , Grapsas P. , Mantzios G. , Travlou A. , Politou M.
Published: July 2013

Aim/Objectives

To access the incidence and specificity of maternal red blood cells alloimmunisation and its relevant clinical impact in Greece.

Background

The rate of alloimmunisation in pregnant women in Greece is unknown.

Materials/Methods

We performed a 4‐year study in two tertiary hospitals in Greece. Demographics, transfusion and obstetric history were analysed. Maternal alloimmunisation was detected with indirect anti‐globulin test.

Results

We investigated 4368 pregnant women. Of which 3292 (75·37%) were Greek and 1076 (24·63%) were migrants. In 39 alloimmunised women, 41 alloantibodies were detected (0·89%). The incidence of alloimmunisation was 0·66% (22/3292) in Greeks and 1·76% (17/1076) in migrants (P = 0·01). Anti‐D was the most frequent alloantibody (0·18%). Anti‐D was more frequent in migrants; 5·76% compared to 0·56% in Greek RhD negative women (P = 0·002).

Other antibody specificities in declining frequency rank were anti‐K, anti‐E, anti‐Lea, anti‐M, anti‐c, anti‐Ce, anti‐Jka, anti‐Jkb and anti‐C.

Primiparae vs para >2 and past history of blood transfusion were significantly associated with alloimmunisation during pregnancy (P = 0·0088, P < 0·0001, respectively).

Conclusions

Our results depict differences in the delivery of health care between migrants and Greek women, as well as the heterogeneity in practices for the prevention of haemolytic disease of foetus and newborn in Greece and highlight the need for the implementation of nationwide guidelines.
Acute hemolysis after intravenous immunoglobulin amid host factors of ABO‐mismatched bone marrow transplantation, inflammation, and activated mononuclear phagocytes
Authors: Michelis Fotios V. , Branch Donald R. , Scovell Iain , Bloch Evgenia , Pendergrast Jacob , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine M.
Published: July 2013

Background

Hemolysis may follow intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), with product, dosing, and host factors contributing. The importance of recipient features remains unclear.

Case Report

A 52‐year‐old obese woman, 10 years after ABO‐mismatched (recipient O, donor A) marrow transplantation, presented with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). IVIG at 100 g/day × 2 days was followed by hemoglobinuria and angina and dyspnea, with frank hemoglobinemia and anemia (hemoglobin 12.9 to 8.4 over 24 hr, to a nadir of 6.9 g/dL).

Study Design and Methods

Serologic methods established ABO, A1, Lewis, and Secretor type, while monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) examined erythrophagocytosis with control or patient monocytes, and the implicated IVIG lot to opsonize control (group A1, A2, B, O) or patient red blood cells (RBCs). Baseline, hemolytic, and convalescent markers (including cytokines) were assessed.

Results

Passive anti‐A was identified on reverse type and eluted from sensitized RBCs (immunoglobulin G 1+, C3d–). Le(a–b+) typing and saliva confirmed H Secretor status. MMA revealed significant activity between patient RBCs, monocytes, and IVIG. However, normal A1 cells opsonized with IVIG were not significantly phagocytosed by either normal or patient monocytes. Proinflammatory markers were significantly elevated before and after IVIG.

Conclusions

Synergizing host factors (including obesity‐unadjusted dosing and existing inflammation) marked this severe post‐IVIG hemolytic crisis. Group A antigen restriction to myeloid tissues, with H Secretor phenotype, may have contributed, rendering this bone marrow transplant chimera vulnerable to anti‐A in a manner analogous to the idiosyncratic effect of therapeutic anti‐D in certain D+ ITP recipients. However, MMA suggested a macrophage activation state as contributory, perhaps precipitated by existing inflammation.
Role of preoperative anemia for risk of transfusion and postoperative morbidity in fast‐track hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Jans Øivind , Jørgensen Christoffer , Kehlet Henrik , Johansson Pär I. ,   Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Fast‐track Hip and Knee Replacement Collaborative Group
Published: July 2013

Background

Preoperative anemia has been associated with increased risk of allogeneic blood transfusion and postoperative morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of preoperative anemia and its association with postoperative outcomes has not previously been reported in relation to fast‐track elective total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of preoperative anemia in elective fast‐track THA and TKA and its association with risk of perioperative transfusion, prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS), and postoperative readmission.

Study Design and Methods

This was a prospective observational database study with data obtained from six high‐volume Danish fast‐track surgical centers. Preoperative hemoglobin and patient demographics were collected prospectively using questionnaires while outcome and transfusion data were collected using national databases and patient charts. Adjusted risk estimates for transfusion, prolonged LOS, and all‐cause readmission according to preoperative anemia status were obtained by multivariate logistic regression.

Results

A total of 5.165 THA or TKA procedures were included with a mean patient age of 67 ± 11 years and a median LOS of 2 (interquartile range, 2‐3) days. A total of 662 patients (12.8%) had preoperative anemia according to World Health Organization classification. Preoperative anemia was associated with increased risk of receiving transfusion during admission (odds ratio [OR], 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8‐5.8), increased risk of readmission within 90 days from surgery (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1‐1.9), and increased risk of LOS of more than 5 days (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.9‐3.4) after adjustment for preoperative patient‐related risk factors.

Conclusion

Preoperative anemia in elective fast‐track THA and TKA is independently associated with transfusion and increased postoperative morbidity, supporting the need for preoperative evaluation and treatment.
Efficacy and safety of oclacitinib for the control of pruritus and associated skin lesions in dogs with canine allergic dermatitis
Authors: Cosgrove Sallie B. , Wren Jody A. , Cleaver Dawn M. , Martin David D. , Walsh Kelly F. , Harfst Jessica A. , Follis Stacey L. , King Vickie L. , Boucher Joseph F. , Stegemann Michael R.
Published: July 2013

Background

Oclacitinib (Apoquel®) inhibits the function of a variety of pro‐inflammatory, pro‐allergic and pruritogenic cytokines that are dependent on Janus kinase enzyme activity. Oclacitinib selectively inhibits Janus kinase 1.

Hypothesis/Objectives

We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oclacitinib for the control of pruritus associated with allergic dermatitis in a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial.

Methods

Client‐owned dogs (n = 436) with moderate to severe owner‐assessed pruritus and a presumptive diagnosis of allergic dermatitis were enrolled. Dogs were randomized to either oclacitinib at 0.4–0.6 mg/kg orally twice daily or an excipient‐matched placebo. An enhanced 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS) was used by the owners to assess the severity of pruritus from day 0 to 7 and by veterinarians to assess the severity of dermatitis on days 0 and 7. Dogs could remain on the study for 28 days.

Results

Pretreatment owner and veterinary VAS scores were similar for the two treatment groups. Oclacitinib produced a rapid onset of efficacy within 24 h. Mean oclacitinib Owner Pruritus VAS scores were significantly better than placebo scores (P < 0.0001) on each assessment day. Pruritus scores decreased from 7.58 to 2.59 cm following oclacitinib treatment. The day 7 mean oclacitinib Veterinarian Dermatitis VAS scores were also significantly better (P < 0.0001) than placebo scores. Diarrhoea and vomiting were reported with similar frequency in both groups.

Conclusions and clinical importance

In this study, oclacitinib provided rapid, effective and safe control of pruritus associated with allergic dermatitis, with owners and veterinarians noting substantial improvements in pruritus and dermatitis VAS scores.
Feline trombiculosis: a retrospective study in 72 cats
Authors: Leone Federico , Di Bella Andrea , Vercelli Antonella , Cornegliani Luisa
Published: July 2013

Background

Trombiculosis is the infestation of a host by the larval form of mites belonging to the Trombiculidae family. Few data are available regarding this infestation in cats.

Hypothesis/Objectives

The aim of this retrospective study was to report data, clinical signs, diagnostic and therapeutic features of feline trombiculosis.

Methods

Clinical records of cats presented for dermatological examination or annual vaccination in Italy, from 2002 to 2012, were retrospectively searched using the key words trombiculosis, cat and Neotrombicula.

Results

Seventy‐two indoor/outdoor domestic short‐hair cats with infestation by Neotrombicula autumnalis were enrolled. Pruritus was reported by the owners in 43% of cases, while 57% of cats were asymptomatic. The most common clinical signs included sudden onset of pruritus and the appearance of orange‐coloured granules on the skin. Mites were found incidentally in 12 cats. The larvae were localized in multiple sites in 68% of cases. The most frequently affected area was the ear (80.5% of cases). Mites were more often identified in autumn (41 cases). Eleven cats were diagnosed during winter, 13 in spring and seven in summer.

Conclusions and clinical importance

This retrospective study suggests that feline trombiculosis is probably underestimated as a cause of pruritus and dermatological lesions. Epidemiological data regarding this infestation in cats are still lacking, and it will be interesting to perform a multicentre study to increase knowledge of this disease.