bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on different parts of moringa oleifera for treating wastewater
Authors: Rajalingam S , Alaguraj A , Vijays Siva K , Vanitha S , Malathy A , Rohini K
Published: November 2021

In this study Moringa Oleífera (MO) leaves and pods are utilized for the treatment of Methylene Blue (MB) dye solution. The uptake of pollutants by MO leaves and pods are assessed by varying dosages from 0.01g to 0.1g with different agitation time of 5min to 30 min. From the observed results, the maximum removal (96%) occurs by adding MO leaves at 0.08g dosage at the time period of 15minutes. MO pods removes maximum of 45% at the dosage of 0.1g at 30 minutes. It is found that MO leaves are better in removing organic dye than MO pods. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X Ray (EDX) analysis are carried out to identify the morphological character and elemental composition of the MO leaves and pods. The result shows that the leaves contain more carbon content (33%) than pods (20.3%). Similarly the amount of oxygen is least in leaves thus enhancing the removal of dye particles. The SEM result indicates that the pore development is more in leaves than pods. Finally, Isotherm model was developed for pods and leaves; it is found that MO pods follow Freundlich equation whereas MO leaves follow Langmuir equation.
Studies on Mechanical properties of High Calcium Fly ash based sustainable Geopolymer concrete
Authors: Vijaya Prasad B , Anand N , Arumairaj P D , Sanath Kumar M , Dhilip T , Srikanth G
Published: November 2021

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is a Sustainable construction material, in which cement is completely replaced by Fly ash as binder. To control emission of CO2 during the production of cement, it is advisable to use alternate sustainable Cementitious material. The development of GPC become a major interest to use for in-situ and precast applications. The present study aims to develop High calcium fly ash based GPC with aid of alkaline liquids such as sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). Different molarities i.e 4M, 6M, 8M and 10M are used to develop the GPC under ambient and oven curing process. In the present investigation the Fresh properties of GPC and Mechanical properties such as compressive strength, Tensile strength, Flexural strength and Elastic modulus of GPC are investigated. An increase of alkaline activator in in the mix decreased the workability of GPC. The developed GPC mix of 8M is found to be the optimum for gain in compressive strength. A polynomial relationship is obtained for the mechanical properties of GPC developed under ambient and oven curing. The development cost of GPC can be reduced up to 11.25 to 16.5% as compared with conventional concrete grade of M25.
Geo-environmental analysis of the groundwater quality in the vicinity of textile industrial zone
Authors: Arumugam K , Karthika T , Kartic Kumar M , Sangeetha R K. , Anitha T , Vikashini S
Published: November 2021

The increase in inhabitants and development of advantageous economic behavior undoubtedly leads to escalating water demand for different uses. Improper planning, mismanagement, inappropriate standards and procedure for discharging the industrial effluents are prime causes for deterioration of groundwater quality in industrial zone. The study vicinity is exaggerated by subsurface water quality problem. To evaluate the water quality of aquifer, sixty two samples were collected, analyzed and the results of the data are evaluated according to the standards. Hydro-chemical facies, rock-water process, factor analysis, correlation matrix studies were carried out for assessing the associated hydro-chemical process operating in the progress of salinity concentration. The analysis reveals that water belongs to highly brackish type. In this study zone, groundwater is influenced by water-rock interaction and evaporation process. Factor analysis shows that the groundwater is greatly deteriorated by anthropogenic activities. Based on hyrochemical study, the subsurface water is not fit for domestic purposes.
Effect of reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles as anticorrosion material on mild steel substrate
Authors: Sreelekshmi S , Ananth Kumar M
Published: November 2021

Reduced graphene oxide(rGO) has a lot of potential in the area of corrosion control of metals, because of its excellent barrier properties, dispersion capabilities, and impermeability. The current work hires on the corrosion resistance action of reduced graphene oxide(rGO) as an inhibitor for mild steel in simulated concrete pore solution. Here, three different nano rGO contained epoxy coatings were prepared by varying the percentage of rGO. The anticorrosion behaviour of rGO integrated epoxy composite coating was evaluated using open circuit potential and polarization studies. The results indicated that rGO nanoparticles were properly distributed in the epoxy coating and showed excellent barrier properties. Moreover, anti-corrosion processes for composite coatings improved by the addition of various percentages of rGO were apparently hypothesized, implying that epoxy coating containing 1.0 wt.% rGO showed better corrosion resistant behaviour in concrete pore solution medium containing 0.5M NaCl solution.
Study on notch tensile properties of Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt (MIAB) welded carbon steel tubes
Authors: Sivasankari R , Balusamy V , Buvanashekaran G
Published: November 2021

Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt (MIAB) welding is a pressure welding process that uses the circumferential rotating arc to cause uniform heating of the faying surfaces. In this work, notched tensile testing of MIAB welded Carbon steel was carried out to determine the notch sensitivity of Thermo-Mechanically Affected Zones (TMAZ) and to compare the notch tensile property of these zones with the base metal property. In MIAB welding, after sufficient melting of the faying surface, a short pulse of high current is applied to expel the molten metal and impurities from the interface before welding. Insufficient expulsion and formation of Light Band (LB) zone at weld interface resulted in lower Notch Tensile Strength (NTS). Incomplete expulsion with lower upset current at the weld interface contributes to lower Normalized Notch Strength Ratio. Instead higher upset current contributed to higher NTS due to complete expulsion and stronger acicular ferrite formation. Other TMAZs away from the weld interface showed higher notch tensile strength with Notch Strength Ratio (NSR) and Normalized Notch Tensile Strength Ratio (NTSN) greater than unity.
An Experimental Investigation on Concrete with Basalt Rock Fibers
Authors: Simon Seena , Prathap Arun , Balki Sharanya , Dhilip Kumar R G
Published: November 2021

Basalt fibre is formed from basalt rock when melted at a high temperature making it a non-metallic fibre. Basalt fibre reinforced concrete are good fire resistance, strength and light weight. These properties making it highly advantageous in the future to the construction business. There are many applications of basalt fibre like industrial, bridges, residential and highway etc. Fibres of basalt rock are used to make Basalt fibre, is cheaper and have improved physicomechanical properties which is very similar to the fibre glass and the carbon. They can replace many expensive materials resulting in wide range of applications in the field. The raw materials are available in all countries, making their production very simple. The biggest difficulties of the concrete and cement industry’s can be solved by the usage of basalt fibres. It is also used as composite and in the aerospace, automotive industries and fibre proof textile. Basalt fibres have no hazardous reactions with water or air and are explosion-proof and non-combustible. No chemical reaction will be produced that may damage environment or health when in contact with other chemicals. Reinforced plastics and steel maybe replaced by the basalt base composites. One kg of basalt reinforces equals to 9.6 kg of steel. Differences in compressive strength and split tensile test for concrete with and without basalt fibre by using cubes and cylinders are studied in this paper.
Fixed and Base Isolated Framed Structures: A Comparative Study
Authors: Jose Sajan K , Anjali G S , Nair Aarya S , Adithya D A , Sony Ananya , Arunima A S
Published: November 2021

Necessity of constructing multi-storied buildings is increasing these days. But they are more prone to severe damage due to earthquakes. Base isolation is one of the most powerful tools pertaining to the passive structural vibration control technologies. The structure above the ground, is separated from the effects of earthquake forces by introducing a mechanism that helps the structure to hover. This project deals with analysis of 10 storey RCC, Steel and Composite structures of different shapes with and without base isolation in various seismic zones by Response Spectrum Method using ETABS software. Lead rubber bearings designed as per UBC97 was used for base isolation. Plus shape was found to be most suitable for base isolation for RC structure, whereas for steel and composite structures rectangular and hollow shapes were found suitable. It was also observed that concrete structure performs best when base isolated, compared to other structures.
Autonomous mobile robot for visual inspection of MEP provisions
Authors: Jawad R , Anikesh R , Gayathri G
Published: November 2021

Quality control inspection is an imperative procedure in the construction industry. During construction, to get the plaster clearance of a specified area, the quality control engineer has to validate the mechanical, electrical and, plumbing (MEP) provisions laid out in the construction site with an engineering drawing approved by the consultant. The proposed system illustrates the implementation of an autonomous mobile robot (AMR) for inspecting MEP provisions amidst the construction phase. Power distribution, heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), telecommunications, water supply, and drainage are few examples of MEP engineering subsystems. In this paper, the main focus is on the inspection of plumbing services. These include provisions for washbasin and faucet in washrooms and sink in the kitchen area. The feedback program generated gives the evaluation result on the count of plumbing provisions inspected.
Morphology and wear of high chromium and austempered ductile iron balls as grinding media in ball mills
Authors: Murthy BRN , Rangappa Ravichandra
Published: November 2021

High chromium balls are recognized as better grinding media in terms of wear rates than forged steel balls, which are conventional grinding media in the milling process of iron ore. In this research work, the wear rate of high chromium balls and austempered ductile iron (ADI) balls as crushing media in a ball mill are compared. ADI are prepared by austenitizing the spheroidal graphite (SG) iron balls at 920 °C for one hour, and step austempering heat treatments were given, which includes the first step austenitizing at 300 °C for 15 min, followed by a second step austenitizing at 400 °C for 60 min. The wear rates were estimated when both balls were used separately by maintaining the same machining conditions and when the balls are mixed. The grinding wear conduct of both materials is evaluated for wear loss in wet grinding conditions. The experimental results reveal that the performance of ADI balls is better than high chromium balls when tested separately and mixed. Results also indicate that the wear rates/revolutions will decrease when the operating period increases.
Conversion of internal combustion engine car to semi-autonomous electric car
Authors: Francis Jeffin , Narayamparambil Aby Biju , Johnson Anupama , Mathew Jeswant , Sankar Vishnu , George John M
Published: November 2021

Climate change, Green House Gases (GHG) and global warming are well-known terms in the world today. Global research efforts are focused towards increasing efficiency and reducing GHG emissions from various emitters to deal with climate change. Since the transportation sector accounts for a large share of global GHG emissions it is justifiable that curbing global warming should transpire in this sector. Worldwide there are large number of research taking place in the electrification of transportation sector and autonomous vehicles. In the footsteps of this global trend towards electrification, autonomous driving and automation of the transportation sector, a research to convert an existing internal combustion engine car to an electric car and implementation of few features found in SAE level 1 autonomous vehicles are explored through this project. These features include controlling vehicles remotely, collision detection, parking assistance, etc.
Design and fabrication of solar powered bicycle
Authors: Shashank R , Akshay V , Ramesh Sachin , Nithin B G , Ravi K S , Krishna S A Mohan
Published: November 2021

The paper focuses on the design of an electric driven bicycle that can stimulate power using solar energy and the rear wheel is provided with motor. The vehicle is being designed to house one driver; essentially, there would be need for additional space for other passengers and materials In India, the pollution rate caused by fuel-consuming vehicles is very high. It is necessary to reduce the consumption of fuel/use of fuel consumption vehicle and its hazardous emissions. The sunny weather in India lasts around 9 months, hence solar powered bicycle seems to be appropriate in India. Solar powered bicycle can become an alternative to the fuel consuming bikes and scooters.
Comparative study on Mamdani-Type Fuzzy Inference Systems and Regression model for end milling process using AA 6082T6
Authors: Tamiloli Natarajan , Raman Velpuri Venkat
Published: November 2021

The goal of this observes is to take a look at the effect of machining parameters on surface roughness in end milling. An incipient technique in modelling surface roughness that makes use of synthetic perspicacity implements is defined in this paper. This paper fixates on growing empirical models utilizing fuzzy logic and regression analysis. The values of surface roughness presaged with the aid of using those fashions are then in comparison. The effects confirmed that the proposed gadget can considerably boom the precision of the product profile whilst in comparison to the traditional approaches, like regression analysis. The effects designate that the regression modelling method may be effectively applied for the presage of surface roughness in dry machining.
RETRACTED: Application of Taguchi and RSM Parameters on Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate of AA6082T6
Authors: Mugutkar Harish , Tamiloli N.
Published: November 2021

Taguchi and Response Surface Methodologies (RSM) for Surface Roughness (SR), and Material Removal Rate (MRR) in end processing of AA6082T6 with tungsten carbide Insert. The Experiments have been driven using the Taguchi plan. The cutting boundaries are feed, speed, and profundity of cut. The impact of machining boundaries and to assessed the ideal cuttings condition to surface unpleasantness and material expulsion rate. A second-request model has been work between the cutting limits and the machining limits to recognize out the SR and MRR by using reaction surface strategy. The test outcomes have shown the most basic factor in the surface unpleasantness is speed (31.068%) and in the material evacuation rate is profundity of cut (51.9404%). The anticipated qualities are affirmed by utilizing affirmation tests.
Determination of physico-chemical parameters of coal mines water samples and their correlation establishment with WQI using python programming
Authors: Parida Satyajeet , Tripathi Abhishek Kumar , Tripathy D.P. , Bora Purabi
Published: November 2021

The quality assessment of water is the need of the hour as water pollution has reached to an alarming level. The pollution of natural water bodies due to mine drainage system and mining activities is a major environmental concern worldwide. There are many potential reasons of water pollution such as agricultural, sewage, oil, radioactive materials, dumping & mining activities etc. Mining activities are responsible for the contamination of watercourses with metal and increment of sediment levels in it, however acid mine drainage can be viewed as the most lethal means of polluting watercourse. In this study an analysis was done on the water samples collected from different coal mines of Jharkhand and Telangana State. The WQI for each sample were calculated and correlated with their physico-chemical parameters. The lowest grades of the water samples are mainly due to the presence of the strongest correlated parameters. It was observed that the iron content in the samples has the strongest correlation with a Pearson coefficient of 0.9977 and highest significance with a P value lower than 0.001.
Analysis of Laser beam welding of SS316L butt joints using Design of Experiments
Authors: Krishnaiah Y. , Prasad A.M.K.
Published: November 2021

Process control plays a significant role in increasing customer demand for quality, performance, cost; safety and reliability are essential for continuous growth, securing a process that allows least distortion after the laser welding process by applying with Experimentation Design. In the current experiments, the parameters of Laser power, welding speed, and Argon shielding are being used with L4 orthogonal array. These variables were checked to find the best control level combination of output and its related least distortion and maximum tensile strength. The X-ray radiography has tested the welds’ consistency and found that they are free from the surface and internal defects. The results show that welding speed, weld processes are critical parameter, and a shielding gas are not critical.
Optimization of micro-EDM drilling on titanium alloy (Ti-6AL-4V) using RSM and Neural Network
Authors: Parthiban M , Harinath M
Published: November 2021

In modern manufacturing industries, micro machining technology is widely used to machine micro parts for various applications such as in MEMS, die and tool industries, etc. Micro electric discharge machining (Micro-EDM) is widely used in die and tool making. This paper investigates three different input machining parameters such as pulse on time, pulse off time, and servo voltage of micro electric discharge machining performances of tool wear (TW) and Diametrical accuracy (DA) of a hole on titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) using copper micro electrodes of ϕ 400μm. The experiments ate conducted out with the Box-Behnken design of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The neural network is used for the optimization of multi response by fitting the regression model. ANOVA is also performed to find the significant contribution of the machining parameter. The predicted optimal machining values with the maximum error of 12.72% for tool wear and 8.78% for diametrical accuracy was achieved on comparing with experimental results.
Finite Element Analysis of Porous Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Structures for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ganesh N , Rambabu S
Published: November 2021

In this article, design and finite element simulation of porous Ti-6Al-4V alloy structures was presented. Typically, titanium and titanium alloy implants can be manufactured with required pore size and porosity volume by using powder bed fusion techniques due to advancement in additive manufacturing technologies. However, the mismatch of elastic modulus between human cortical bone and the dense Ti-6Al-4V alloy implant resulted in stress shielding which accelerate the implant failure. The porous implant structures help in reduce the mismatch of elastic modulus between the cortical bone and implant structure and also improve the bone ingrowth. Hence, the present work focuses on design of Ti-6Al-4V alloy porous structures with various porosities ranging from 10% to 70% and simulated to determine the elastic modulus suitable for human cortical bone. The sample with 45% porosity is found to be best suited for replacement of cortical bone with elastic modulus of 74Gpa, preventing stress shielding effect and enhanced chances of bone ingrowth.
Experimental analysis of the behaviour of different types of joints in the steel structure model subjected to earthquake loading
Authors: Jaroszewski T , Falborski T , Jankowski R
Published: November 2021

The present paper reports the results of the experimental study performed to investigate the behaviour of two different types of joints (destroyed and welded ones) in the model of the steel structure under seismic excitations. The structure was subjected to three earthquakes, namely Kobe, Loma Prieta and Northridge, using the shaking table investigation. The results obtained from the study indicate that there is a significant difference between the behaviour of destroyed joints and welded ones. It was concluded that the destroyed joints experience higher acceleration than the welded joints during different earthquakes.
Analysis of parallel flow heat exchanger using SiO2 nanofluids in the laminar flow region
Authors: Chaitanya Lahari M. L.R. , Sesha Talpa Sai P.H.V. , Sharma K.V. , Narayanaswamy K.S. , Bee P.Haseena , Devaraj S.
Published: November 2021

Convective and overall heat transfer coefficients of SiO2 nanofluid flowing in a concentric DTHE are determined experimentally. The tests are carried out in the 800<Re<1900 range using SiO2/22nm nanofluids prepared in 0.2, 0.6 and 1.0% volume concentrations in 30:70 ratio glycerol-water mixture base liquid. The thermal and physical properties of silica nanofluids are determined in the range of 20-80°C. Viscosity, thermal conductivity, and density of nanofluids increased with particle concentration whereas specific heat decreased. Thermal conductivity and specific heat of nanofluids increased with temperature while viscosity and density decreased. Heat transfer experiments are conducted using nanofluids at a bulk temperature of 35°C in a laminar developing flow region. Overall heat transfer coefficient and convective HTC of 1.0% silica nanofluids are increased by 21.2 and 36.3% compared to base liquid.
Stabilization of expansive soil by using industrial waste
Authors: Garg Rishav , Biswas Tinku , Alam MD Danish , Kumar Aniket , Siddharth Anubhav , Singh Divanshu Raj
Published: November 2021

The production of sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), glass fiber (GF) and ceramic dust (CD) in developing countries at very large scale usually poses a severe disposal problem. The purpose of this research is to determine whether these three waste products are suitable for improving the engineering characteristics of expanding soil. The study has been carried out by varying the content of SBA (0-20%), CD (0-20%) and GF (0-4%) in black cotton soil. Optimization was carried out to find out the composition of the ideal quaternary blend. The use of these materials was found to decrease the maximum dry density and swelling of soil with increase in optimum moisture content. In addition, the liquid limit was found to decline with increment in CBR and unconfined compressive strength. The study confirms the use of these waste materials as soil stabilizers in addition to provide a solution for waste reuse.
Effective dielectric properties of Cement/Ba0.06(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94TiO3 composites: A comparative approach
Authors: Subrato  , Kumar Amit , Paswan Manikant , Prasad K.
Published: November 2021

Lead-free ceramic powder of a morphotropic phase boundary composition Ba0.06(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94TiO3 (BNBT) was prepared from a solid-state synthesis route. The cement-ceramic (1−ϕ)cement/ϕBNBT; 0 ≤ ϕ 1.0 composites were fabricated. The filler concentration-dependent values of the bulk density and real part of complex permittivity showed an increasing trend of variation while the apparent porosity and imaginary part of complex permittivity followed a decreasing trend. In order to test the acceptability of dielectric mixture equations of the inclusion material in the mixture, five such equations have been chosen. The Bruggeman, and Rother-Lichtenecker equations showed their coherence with minimal deviation from the experimental results of the real part of complex permittivity for the entire measurement range of volume fractions. Also, a first-order exponential growth/decay type of mathematical model was suggested which could fit the experimental data excellently well (r2 > 0.97).
Lifecycle assessment of alkali activated cement concrete
Authors: Viswanath Angitha K , Anand K B
Published: November 2021

Climate change is one of the most important environmental problems that our planet Earth is facing. This is due to the increased emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. Concrete, the most consumed material in the construction industry is reported to be responsible for about 8% of worldwide carbon dioxide emissions. The manufacturing of ordinary Portland cement is both resource and energy-intensive and is accountable for 1.35 billion tons of carbon dioxide emitted annually. Hence potential alternative to Portland cement widely recognized is the adoption of alkali-activated cement. Alkali-activated cement commonly utilizes industrial by-products such as fly ash, GGBS, etc. along with alkali activators such as sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. The literature review indicates that the environmental impact due to the usage of Portland cement can be reduced by the adoption of alkali-activated cement. However, the manufacture of alkali activators is likely to contribute to the emission to the environment. In addition, the heat curing commonly adopted during the production of concrete to activate the alkalis might also have a bearing. Hence a comparative study using the lifecycle assessment (LCA) method is carried out to assess the impact due to the production of alkali-activated cement concrete using supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) fly ash and GGBS with varying proportions of alkali activators (sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide). Data is extracted from the published literature corresponding to two different compressive strength ranges of OPC concrete and alkali-activated cement concretes that have utilized four varying proportions of alkali activator ratios. It is then analyzed by the ‘cradle to gate’ approach using LCA software SimaPro. The impact assessment is done using the ReCiPe 2016 method. A comparison of results and their interpretation is done based on its compressive strength ranges, the alkali activator ratios, and the effect due to change in the SCMs utilized.
Design and Analysis of Building Diagnostics Robot
Authors: Kumar Yaswanth , Rahul J , Harikrishnan R , Mohan T P Anirudh , Sreedharan Pramod
Published: November 2021

This research paper is based on the designing and analysis of a track-based robot which has the capability of climbing stairs and rough terrain maneuverability with an IR sensor to conduct infrared thermography of buildings. The data generated by this can be used to detect and optimize HVAC systems, moisture damage and Electrical issues. The robot is designed in Solidworks software and motion analysis is done using Adams and structural analysis through Ansys. The Thermal imaging camera was tested in the real world to check the feasibility and accuracy of Infrared Thermography.
Penetration and Strength Analysis of Pervious Concrete
Authors: Kumar Kuldeep , Bansal Manjeet , Garg Rishav , Garg Rajni
Published: November 2021

Porous concrete is an amalgamation of coarse aggregate, Portland cement, and water, which permits rainfall water to permeate through the surface and into the ground before it runs off. Porous concrete encompasses little or no fine aggregates and adequate cementitious fixative to coat the coarse aggregate while keeping the voids interconnected. IRC 44-2017 states that range of permeability for pervious concrete should be from 0.135 cm/second to 1.22 cm/second and array of compressive strength should be 5MPa - 25MPa. In this experimental study, two properties of no fine concrete namely compressive strength and porousness at the curing age of 7th & 28rd days has been targeted. Compressive strength and Infiltration tests were conducted on the pervious concrete of grade M10 and M15 by keeping variation of fine aggregates of 0% - 5%. We observed that fines aggregate help to rise the compressive strength of porous concrete but decrease the permeability. Thus, by careful optimization of the mix, pervious concrete can be obtained for suitable use in low strength load.
Optimization of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor System to Maximize Heat Dissipation
Authors: Mali Pritam V. , Patil Harshvardhan H. , Pawar Girish B. , Ballal Yuvaraj P. , Patil Pradip B.
Published: November 2021

An electric motor, a battery and an inverter are the key components of any hybrid vehicle. The most commonly used switching device in the electric power conversion system is Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) modules. Heat sinks with their fins are optimized to provide the maximum heat flow to the surrounding and Pure copper is used as it has high thermal conductivity with reasonable heat resistance. This helps to decrease the temperature of the IGBT and heat will spread to the fins. Parallel forced air cooling is utilised to give maximum possible heat removal rate. Further experimentation was done on a IGBT using an Inverter circuit and it was analyzed on ANSYS software and it was observed that the results obtained by numerical method and experimental method are approximately same.
COPPER-BASED 3D PRINTER FILAMENT AS PASSIVE Q-SWITCHER
Authors: Zain N. N. A. A. N , Jasni N. A. H. , Nawawi W. M. F. W , Ahmad F.
Published: November 2021

Using a copper-based saturable absorber (SA) and chitin as a biocompatible host polymer, this research effectively demonstrated the production of passive Q-switched in an erbium-doped fibre laser (EDFL). A Q-switched lasing was generated with a 100 kHz repetition rate and a pulse width of 4.60 µs. High pulse energy of 17.19 nJ was generated, with a respective instantaneous peak power of 3.51 mW.
Liquid-Phase Exfoliated Graphene-MoS2 Based Saturable Absorber for Q-switched Erbium Doped Fiber Laser
Authors: Halim S. N. M. , Jasni N. A. H. , Taib M.F.M. , Nawawi W. M. F. W , Ahmad F.
Published: November 2021

Upon exfoliation from the bulk form, two-dimensional materials have shown ubiquitous properties which are suitable for Q-switched pulsed laser generation. In this research, a successful solution process of graphene-MoS2 nanocomposite saturable absorber through liquid phase exfoliation has been carried out. The method offers a low-cost route for simple and scalable production while providing a promising material quality with on-demand properties and integration flexibility. Stable Q-switched laser operation was realized with graphene-MoS2 hybrid saturable absorber. The pulse duration was measured to be 6 µs with repetition rate of 63.92 kHz corresponding to a peak power and pulse energy of 5.05 mW and 30.87 nJ, respectively.
Optical Fiber Sensor for Heavy Chemical Detection: An Overview
Authors: Abdul Ghafar Nurul Athirah Mohamad , Markom Arni Munira , Markom Marni Azira , Muhammad Ahmad Razif
Published: November 2021

Heavy metal contaminations such as mercury, lead, arsenic, cadmium, and zinc are becoming more serious and have become a hazard to human health. Due to their non-biodegradable nature, they can easily accumulate in the environment and cause toxicity even at low concentrations. Therefore, detecting the presence of these metal ions requires a highly sensitive sensing method. Traditional detection methods, such as electrochemical analysis, require complicated sample preparation, are costly, and typically require a lengthy measurement period. These days, optical fiber sensors have been acknowledged due to their unique characteristics such as compact size, high sensitivity, low cost, high flexibility, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. An overview of an optical fiber sensor technology for heavy chemical measurement is discussed in this paper. The sensing mechanisms are summarized, as well as the chemical water quality parameters and sensitivities.
Design of Multiwavelength EDF-Raman Lasers Utilizing Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
Authors: Naim Nani Fadzlina , Awang Azlan Awangku Nur Azree , Ibrahim Muhammad Faiz , Sarnin Suzi Seroja , Ya’acob Norsuzila , Dzulkefly Zan Mohd Saiful
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the design of multiwavelength Erbium Doped Fiber (EDF)-Raman fiber laser utilizing Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) with various cavity structures. A multiwavelength laser employing hybrid gain medium of EDF-Raman amplifier is simulated using OptiSystem software. Three cavity structures of multiwavelength laser such as unidirectional, bidirectional and ring cavity are simulated and analysed. From the simulation result, it is found that ring cavity structure produced the best performance whereas at 1000 mW pump power, up to 19 lasing lines were obtained in the ring cavity, compared to 18, and 16 lasing lines in the unidirectional and bidirectional linear cavity, respectively. All multiwavelength fiber lasers exhibit the same line spacing of 4.9 nm. In addition, at coupling coefficient of 0.9, up to 49.5 dB of side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) were achieved in the ring cavity structure, compared to 49.2 dB, and 30.3 dB of SMSR in the unidirectional and bidirectional linear cavity, respectively. However, bidirectional linear cavity exhibits the highest peak power of 2.07 dBm, compared to -17.4 dBm, and -15.5 dBm of peak power in the unidirectional linear and ring cavity, respectively.
Design of RLC Circuit Parameter and Fault Location Test Device
Authors: Wang Zihao , Wang Rui , Wang Kaiyu
Published: November 2021

In order to improve the quality and performance of electronic equipment, circuit parameters and fault detection technology are also very important. The impedance value, which differs obviously under different input signals in the analog circuit, is also an important parameter. Through the analysis of this parameter, RLC circuit parameters and fault location detection can be realized. In this paper, STM32 is used as the main controller to control the signal source to generate sinusoidal signal. The signal processing is completed by designing the amplifier module, and the signal acquisition is completed by the digital to analog conversion module. In the controller, the impedance analysis, the measurement of component parameters, the detection of load network structure and the measurement of short-circuit point position are completed. Finally, the designed system was used to test different structural loads, and the detection results of component parameters, load network structure and short-circuit point position are accurate and reliable.
Prediction method of Ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse coupling in slotted cavity
Authors: Wang Mingrui , Xu Mei , Wang Jiangfeng , Guo Yingying
Published: November 2021

With the develofpment of UWB electromagnetic pulse radiation systems, people are paying more and more attention to its serious threat to electronic equipment. The effect of UWB electromagnetic pulse has also become an important content in the field of electromagnetic compatibility. In an UWB radiation system, the distance between the device under test and the transmitting antenna is different, and the radiation field received is also different. Therefore, in actual tests, the test body is often placed at different distances from the antenna to perform multiple measurements to obtain test data as required. Based on this, this article takes the cavity as an example, and proposes a method of using the system transfer function to predict the response of the impulse field inside the cavity to simplify the test and quickly obtain the test data. Firstly, the impulse field response of a certain point with and without a cavity is measured respectively, and then the time domain response is inversely Fourier transformed to obtain the frequency domain transfer function of the test body. Finally, using the transfer function to convolute with the field to be measured, the response of the impulse field inside the cavity can be predicted under the condition of the field to be measured. It is verified by experiments that this method can better predict the response of the impulse field inside the cavity under different distance conditions, and has the characteristics of simple calculation and good prediction effect. At the same time, the transfer function obtained by this method can be used to predict the arbitrary impulse field response of the cavity in its frequency range.
Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of Vibration Screen Based on Joint Face Analysis
Authors: Nie Zhiheng
Published: November 2021

Vibrating screens play an important role in industrial production. While the cross beam fracture is the main reason for the shutdown of the screen. In order to solve the problem of fatigue fracture of the beam of the large-scale vibrating screen, the 3.6x7.3 m banana vibrating screen was taken as the research object, and the joint surface analysis was introduced at the joint surface of each part of the beam to simulate the stiffness and stress concentration of the joint surface, so that the nonlinear problems will be transformed into linear problems, and the stress and deformation of the connection area are correctly simulated, thereby this project has given an accurate basis for further optimization and optimizing the structure.
Experimental study on the damage monitoring of a Pi-type pipeline based on ultrasonic guided waves
Authors: Lao Xingsheng , Dai TianQi , Liu Yong , Yao Shiwei
Published: November 2021

Aiming at the damage of the prefabricated counter bore at the elbow of the scribble pressure pipeline, a test system is established based on the ultrasonic guided wave technology, and the end echo interference is eliminated by arranging a multi-channel sensor array to achieve accurate positioning of the pipeline damage and return the measured damage Comparing the wave amplitude value with the 3% DAC curve to calculate the pipe damage cross-sectional loss rate, the test results show that the average relative error between the monitored damage cross-sectional loss rate and the actual cross-sectional loss rate is 3.46%, and the average relative error of damage location is 2.05%.
Modelling the effect of vacuum on the morphology for large format detector arrays
Authors: Huang Yue , Lin Chun
Published: November 2021

Rapid growth in the size and performance of the detector arrays unavoidably faced the morphology concern which was susceptible to peripheral exertions. Ex-situ interferometer characterization was carried out to modelling the effect of vacuum on the morphology whose results, in turn, was used to build the ANSYS model. The modelled total deformation explained the physical phenomena very well.
Corrosion Behavior Research on Austenitic stainless steel in Dynamic Molten Salt
Authors: Che Pengcheng , Wang Fengjun , Xie Min , Li Qi , Zhang Yikun , Cheng Yi
Published: November 2021

In order to identify the corrosion properties of three kinds of austenitic stainless steel used in solar power plant, experiments were conducted to test the weight loss after dynamic immersing in molten salt, the corrosion thickness rates per year was obtained, and the surface morphology by SEM and component of corrosive product by EDS were analyzed. The test result showed that the corrosion resistance of 316L and 347H are outstanding, much better than 304. The corrosion resistance order of the three material is 304 <316L< 347H. 304 and 316L can be considered as the candidate materials of low-temperature molten salt storage tank, and 347H can be used as the materials of high-temperature molten salt storage tank and molten salt heat exchanger.
Half and full cell researches of ternary MoS2/graphene/CNT aerogel compostie for enhanced lithium storage performances
Authors: Yuan Guanghui , Cao Rui , Chen Ye , Ge Xinyu , Xu Qiong , Wang Zhaozhe
Published: November 2021

Without using any templates, a ternary MoS2/graphene/carbon nanotubes (MoS2/GN/CNT) aerogel compostie is prepared by convenient hydrothermal synthesis method. The free-standing MoS2/GN/CNT aerogel can be cut directly as binder free electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. The MoS2/GN/CNT electrodes can hold as high as 695 and 579 mAh g−1 discharge capacities after 200 cycles at 200 mA g−1 in MoS2/GN/CNT//Li half cells and MoS2/GN/CNT//LiCoO2 full-cells, respectively. The strengthened electrochemical properities are owed by the thin GN/CNT layers and their jagged and wrinkled surfaces, which can enhance the composite conductivity and shorten the Li+ diffusion distance, as well as buffer the volume change of electrodes druing the charge-discharge cycles.
Preparation and Performance Research of Magnetic Polymer Microspheres
Authors: Peng Yibing , Li Qiurong
Published: November 2021

In this thesis, polystyrene magnetic polymer microspheres with good monodispersity and carboxyl functional groups were prepared. The adsorption properties of styrene-acrylic acid magnetic polymer microspheres to bovine serum albumin have been studied.. Using Fe3O4 magnetic fluid as the magnetic core and styrene-acrylic acid copolymer as the polymer shell, composite microspheres with very small particle diameters were prepared by the dispersion polymerization method.
Preparation of tetrahedral Ag3PO4 and mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of RB-42
Authors: Wei Xueyu , Xu Xiaoping , Yang Xiaofan , Liu Zhigang
Published: November 2021

In this study, silver nitrate and sodium phosphate were used as raw materials to prepare highly active Ag3PO4 photocatalyst with visible light response. The structure, morphology and composition of the samples of the obtained samples were characterized by XRD, SEM and XPS. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity was also investigated by means of degradation of reactive black-42(RB-42) in water. The effect of solution on photocatalytic degradation of RB-42 was investigated through the analysis of photocatalytic degradation kinetics. The results were showed that the nano Ag3PO4 is tetrahedral crystal. exhibit excellent efficient photocatalytic activity for the degradation of RB-42. when the addition of concentration of RB-42 was 10 mg·L, pH was 5.8 and the amount of catalyst was 50mg·L, the obtained sample removal efficiency was 80.7% under visible light irradiation. In addition, free radical capture experiments showed that •OH− was the main active substance in the reaction system.
Numerical study of combustion and heat transfer in a composite heat carrier generator
Authors: Yu Cong , Shi Ling , Hu Jiaying , Liu Hongjiao
Published: November 2021

To investigate the operational problems of the composite heat carrier generator (CHCG) in actual industrial applications such as overheating and poor safety performance, an integrated analytical model was established. For this model, the commercial software Fluent was first applied to simulate the gas-liquid turbulent flow, diesel vaporization and combustion, and the mixing process between the flue gas and the preheated water. Taking the parameters obtained from the Fluent model as the boundary condition, an indirect contact heat transfer model considering the heat transfer between the hot flue gas and the cold water has been solved. Based on this model, the areas where the phenomena of overheating and high thermal stress are prone to occur have been determined, and the size of the water sleeve has been redesigned.
Design and Analysis of a Laminated Composite Tube
Authors: Ma Zhuqiao , Ren Zheyu , Zhang Yufan , Yang Min
Published: November 2021

Piping is an important material for fluid transportation in modern industry, and well-structured piping can reduce losses due to maintenance and replacement downtime. Therefore it is necessary to design and analyze the pipes in order to optimize their structure. This paper focuses on composite laminated pipes. In this design case, the structural analysis of this pipe will be carried out by applying the laminate theory, and the structural analysis model will be established by using Mathcad software. The stress and strain of each laminate will be calculated by entering the winding angle and the corresponding equations in this software. The final optimal winding Angle can be determined by verifying the winding angles that can be maintained under maximum stress failure criteria using Mathcad contours and detailed tables of winding and torsion angles.
Study on Fire Resistance of Floor Structures in High-speed Train
Authors: Yuan R N , Qin Y R , Lu S X
Published: November 2021

According to the standard EN 45545, fire resistant tests of floor structures in high-speed train were carried out. Two typical floor structures which were placed in the passenger train were tested. Integrity and insulation are main performance criteria to evaluate fire resistance of floor structures. The furnace temperature is in accordance with the requirements in the standard ISO 834. The surface temperature and deflection were recorded with time. Glass wool and aluminium corrugated sandwich structure in two structures were burned through. The experiments were terminated at 30 minutes and 31 minutes respectively for the two structures. A large amount of smoke and the sound of cracking of the exposed surface of the test piece were produced, although the unexposed surface of test pieces did not reach the failure condition.
3D printing-directed flexible strain sensors of accordion-like architecture to achieve ultrastretchability with the assist of ultrasonic cavitation treatment
Authors: Qu Y F , Ma J H , He Y Q , Zhang L , Ren F C , Li B
Published: November 2021

A new class of accordion-like cellular architecture with sinusoidal struts is designed to enhance the planar stretchability of cellular solids, aiming to fabricate flexible strain sensors with ultrastretchability. The combination manufacturing process of fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technique and ultrasonic cavitation-enabled treatment was introduced into the fabrication of flexible strain sensors made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrate and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). A negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) architecture made of TPU was firstly 3D-printed by FDM. The ultrasonic cavitation treatment was then conducted on the soft auxetic structure immersing in CNTs liquid, aiming to embed the CNTs into the surface layer of the flexible TPU substrate with NPR configurations. Instead of 3D printing the TPU matrix composite after hybridization inside the matrix material, the hybrid manufacturing procedure can ensure that the intrinsic excellent mechanical properties of TPU are not embrittled. Besides, the sinusoidal struts in accordion-like cellular architectures offer a design route to extend the material property chart to achieve ultrahigh stretchability in lightweight 3D printable flexible polymers for the applications that require combined stretchability, lightweight, and energy absorption such as soft robotics, stretchable electronics, and wearable protection shields.