bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Vision for CIAV. Addressing the challenges facing the ICOMOS International Scientific Committee on Vernacular Architecture
Authors: Mahdy Hossam
Published: September 2022

While the debate continues on what exactly is vernacular architecture, what are its values and significance, how could it be conserved and revitalized, Some pressing questions must be addressed without delay. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), climate change, the pandemic, armed conflicts, displacements and other disasters such as fires, floods and earthquackes are some of the main challenges that have been recently escalating and must be addressed collectively by all humanity without any delay. These challenges that do impact the cultural heritage greatly. On the other hand, cultural heritage should play a key role in addressing these challenges. ICOMOS, as the leading international organization in the field has an important role to play. The ICOMOS International Scientific Committee on Vernacular Architecture (CIAV) endeavours to fulfil its duty in addressing these pressing issues and their impact on the protection, conservation and management of the built vernacular heritage. The specificity of vernacular architecture raises particular challenges as well as offers opportunities that are particular to CIAV. This paper proposes a vision for CIAV that aims to include its new duties, which were not as urgent in the initial vision at the time of its foundation and during the drafting of the Charter on the Built Vernacular Heritage, 1999 in Mexico. The ideas expressed in the paper aim to raise discussions not only among the members of CIAV and ICOMOS but also for all those who are interested in the built vernacular heritage. As a result, CIAV may need to revisit its charter or issue a declaration to include the proposed new vision in its activities and discourse through its newsletter, conferences, publicaitons, webinars and other events.
Bazaars between documentation and conservation. Case studies in Albania and Macedonia.
Authors: Trematerra Adriana , Mirra Enrico
Published: September 2022

The subject of vernacular architecture, as is well known, is a vast concept embracing different fields of investigation. It is a type of art created to suit specific lifestyles of single communities, such as the Islamic community. Bazaars, characteristic markets in Eastern countries, are a significant example in this context. The proposed contribution intends to analyse these architectural and urban environments in Albania and Macedonia, through the discipline of restoration aimed at knowledge, documentation and conservation. The proposed case studies represent a significant example of how the restoration of these areas is of fundamental importance for the urban regeneration of historic cities. The Bazaar in Skopjie has always been regarded as the cultural, spiritual, economic and historical centre of the capital. This site, from an architectural point of view, has managed to create an image of the old city in the new city, preserving its original identity features over the centuries. In Tirana, on the other hand, the new Bazaar is a genuine urban regeneration project that aims to preserve the Albanian cultural tradition. If the Bazaar in Skopjie is in a precarious state of conservation, while maintaining its original character, the recently rebuilt Albanian market is an important example of not only architectural but also urban regeneration. The proposed research has foreseen different operational phases: an initial analysis of the historical transformations of the areas under investigation; an identification on a territorial scale and a subsequent analysis on an architectural scale using the restoration discipline. The aim of the investigation is to identify the level of use and conservation of both Bazaars, in order to elaborate digital documents on a cognitive basis for the identification of guidelines for the conservation and enhancement project of the case studies taken as a model for the proposed research.
Rigour, methodology and use, success in heritage conservation: The tower of the St. Mary Magdalene`s church.
Authors: Rodríguez Cantalapiedra Pedro
Published: September 2022

The church of Santa María Magdalena of Matapozuelos (Valladolid) from the sixteenth century, made of Mudejar masonry brickwork combines late Gothic with Renaissance elements, is a Cultural Interest Asset. Its prominent tower is the object of this project. It was proposed the tower is restored to its original monumental value and condition, giving it a new life. The most significant change has been the installation of a fixed staircase extending the existing one to access the bell tower and upper levels, allowing controlled access for visitors and creating a more open and bright interior space, giving it a more functional sense, without losing the permeability of the bell tower. The research begins with the previous studies: historical, archaeological, petrological, photogrammetric and architectural, justifying the action theoretically. This led to the use of traditional methods and materials from the surrounding area in order to  preserve the vernacular heritage: the tejar brickwork, the wood in the floorboards and woodwork (specifically  elm wood), the vault cladding and the lime rendering of the walls, are highlighted. The problems were identified by classifying them according to their degree of complexity and a project diagnosis was made that served to take the necessary measures for their restoration. Three levels of intervention are established according to their volume of affection, three action groups are proposed according to the nature of the objective to fulfil, and three actions are qualified according to the contribution to the building to be preserved: repair, replacement or addition. This time of methodological study makes us achieve an exhaustive knowledge and a sensory closeness to the building, which makes us "feel it inside": History in architecture is important when it becomes blood. (Ignazio Gardella. Verona 1991. Conference: "My first 90 years in Architecture").
Adobe Constructions – Colonial Chilean House
Authors: Jofré Troncoso Maria Graciela
Published: September 2022

This article presents part of the doctoral research carried out on raw earth constructions in the central zone of Chile between the 16th and 19th centuries, especifically in the so-called Chilean Colonial House, or Casa Patronal. The origin of this building typology is attributed to construction models and systems from Spain, such as the case of the Andalusian House, which was inserted in the construction culture of Chile since the foundation of the first cities of the country. Thus, the cities were continously evolving, firstly characterized by a large number of constructions of defense, but later after, diverse types of constructions were introduced, such as houses, churches and enclosure walls. Currently, more than fifty of these houses are preserved, which have resisted the historical seismic action recorded since the 16th Century, and whose last major event occurred on February 27, 2010, magnitude of 8.8 Mw, which revealed the precariousness and abandonment of the country's built heritage, especially of these types constructions. The methodology used for the study includes four stages. Firstly, the research and bibliographic review; secondly, field researches and collection of records in various Houses in the central zone of Chile; thirdly, the Systemic Method was applied in order to develop a diagnosis of the current situation of the case studies. This stage includes the application of the Chilean regulation for Constructions of Raw Earth NCh3332 of the year 2013. Finally, the fourth stage is focused on the analysis and discussion of the results, including conclusions regarding this matter. This document includes the progress of the study carried out up to the third stage of the doctoral research, which is the first part of the "Initial cycle of knowledge of buildings.” This study aimes to provide and expand the range of tools for the diagnosis of the current situation of buildings, based on the analyses performed in three cases studies.
The Role of University in Local Cultural Development Through Vernacular Architectural Conservation Education: The Case of Havran, Turkey
Authors: Alatli H. Ilke , Binan Demet Ulusoy
Published: September 2022

Since the beginning of 20th century, vernacular settlements are under severe threats of losing authen-ticity and ruin due to changes in human lifestyles, forms of production and worldwide economic devel-opments. Especially in small rural towns, lack of care and abandonment related to loss of young popu-lation is causing rapid deterioration of the vernacular heritage. In such towns, safeguarding is possible through initiatives of local authorities. However, as visionary as the authorities may be, knowledge on sustainable conservation of vernacular architecture is a very specific topic of expertise. At this point, the academic knowledge and experience of universities take on a new significance. Furthermore, col-laboration between academia and local authorities carry great potential for each party. A similar cooperation between Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University and the Local Municipality of Havran, which was inscribed as an urban protected area in the national register in 1995, started with a protocol signed in November 2011. Between 2012 and 2019, extensive surveys were carried out in urban protect-ed area and restoration projects of over 30 traditional buildings were completed by the graduate stu-dents. Some of these buildings are approved by the local council for the conservation of cultural prop-erty and one of which was restored to be used as a town and memory museum. The aim of this study is to discuss the outcome of experiences acquired from the collaboration between universities and local authorities in the past 10 years. Moreover, mutual benefit of interaction between academia, local community, and the municipality will be emphasized. The cultural heritage preserva-tion activities in Havran have an impact on local cultural development in terms of safeguarding the architectural heritage and creating awareness in the community, as well as making a significant contri-bution to the vernacular heritage conservation education.
At the roots of sustainability: Mediterranean vernacular architecture
Authors: Teodosio Annarita , Talenti Simona
Published: September 2022

As numerous examples show, bioclimatic architecture is an historical, ancestral design practice. The whole history of architecture is marked by the search for living comfort resulting from the link with the land and the correct use of natural resources. In vernacular architecture, we also find this ‘holistic’ conception of living in which design choices (compositional, constructive, material, and technological) are deeply connected to climatic and functional issues. However, until now, studies on these typologies have usually focused more on formal aspects, leaving out sustainability ones. The spontaneous constructions of the Mediterranean area – the Sicilian dammusi, the trulli of Val d'Itria, the Sassi of Matera, the Scirocco rooms in Sicily or the houses on the Amalfi coast – are sincere, rational, and logical, and have always sought living comfort through energy and economic efficiency, even without pre-established rules or standards. For example, the absence of wood and clay, the abundance of limestone and sand, led to design the Amalfi Coast dwellings essentially of stone, abandoning tiles, bricks, and wooden floors. The structure without sharp corners results from the limestone which was not tender enough to allow a good squaring. The dammusi were built with the same stones used to reclaim the land to form the terraces on which they stood. Their domed roofs were made of stone covered with a layer of earth and a mixture of volcanic pumice as insulation, and a layer of red tuff and milk of lime as waterproofing. The paper aims to investigate these peculiar vernacular typologies to trace the remote origins of sustainability in their morphological and technological characters. This study could also trigger a reflection on strategies for the contemporary design of sustainable architecture inspired by the tradition of these climatic regions.
Vernacular architecture and archeological remains: Direct links in the Phlegraean Fields in Campania (Italy)
Authors: Picone Renata
Published: September 2022

The paper analyze some vernacular architecture typologies in the italian region of Campania which are intimately linked to the archaeological remains of the architectures that preceded them.. These vernacular architectures have been poles for many centuries for the organization and management of the territory and have contributed to the definition of the historical landscape of the Phlegraean area.The economic and political importance of the Phlegraean territory in Roman times is amply evidenced not only by ancient literary sources, but also by the wide presence of archaeological remains. Alongside the major Roman monuments of Pozzuoli, Cuma and Baia, noble villas, cisterns and funeral buildings are developed throughout the area of the Phlegraean fields, specially along the Via consularis Puteoli Capuam which connected the flourishing port of Pozzuoli to the city of Capua.It is on these remains that, starting from the sixteenth century, rural farms have been developed often re-using the archeological rests, as foundations for the new buildings or employing archaeological materials inside the building.This heritage, which is in a state of disuse and abandonment, is not yet fully known and catalogued and constitute an important example of local built heritage for the values of construction tradition, materials and techniques that they preserve. The study is characterized by an interdisciplinary approach and will address the close relationship with the landscape of these settlements, continuity of use and bioclimatic characteristics and materials which make this heritage a good reference for sustainability and ecological way to built and live. The essay will address some emblematic case studies that illustrate the characteristic values of this vernacular architecture, their state of conservation analyzed with respect to the structural instability and degradation in order to identify guidelines for the conservation and enhancement of this rural heritage.
Lessons from the past, architecture for the future. Coupling historic preservation with sustainable architecture
Authors: Vitti Paolo
Published: September 2022

Restoration of built heritage can serve not only to preserve historical documents of the past but also to provide models for new sustainable architecture. Vernacular and, more generally, historic architecture is by its nature sustainabile and resilient. It is largely the result of experience and acquired knowledge, and shows how local resources can be used in a thoughtful and rational way in new construction. For this reason, it can inspire low-energy solutions necessary to address the current climate crisis. Conservation projects, in their turn, allow us to analyze the fabric of historic buildings, to understand which materials were used, how they were transformed and assembled, and how they offered the best response to the needs of use and resistance to the elements and natural hazards. In this paper, conservation of traditionaly-built architecture and new sustainable architecture are discussed as two partners pursuing the common goal of reducing the effects of climate change. The author investigates the way conservation and analysis of historic buildings allows us to interpret the complex and articulated reality of regional architecture. By retrieving the  analysis of historic construction as a fundamental component for understanding architecture and adopting manual graphic records as a tool for expressing the complexity of the fabric of a building, it is possible to identify local building traditions and inspire new sustainable architecture.
Strategies for the recognition and the enhancement of the cultural heritage in Sant'Antioco
Authors: Achenza Maddalena , Blečić Ivan , Dipasquale Letizia , Mecca Saverio , Merlo Alessandro
Published: September 2022

Sant'Antioco es una pequeña isla situada en el suroeste de Cerdeña (Italia). Históricamente ha estado ocupado por fenicios que inicialmente fundaron la ciudad de Sulki a lo largo de su costa sureste, luego cartagineses y romanos más tarde. Finalmente, durante las primeras décadas de 1700, Sant'Antioco fue ocupada por una comunidad de pescadores de origen genovés procedente de Tabarka, Túnez. Estas múltiples influencias culturales han determinado a lo largo de los siglos un patrimonio cultural muy peculiar en un territorio bastante pequeño donde aún hoy en día conviven diferentes costumbres e incluso diferentes idiomas.La historia, la arqueología, la artesanía tradicional, la comida y la música son un rico patrimonio aún vivo, pero aún poco reconocido por los propios habitantes de Sant'Antioco.In this frame, and with the goal of raising awareness on the richness of the local heritage, the Departments of Architecture DIDA (Florence) and DICAAR (Cagliari) have planned several coordinated activities and integrated strategies. These include a first joint seminar opened to university students of both Faculties finalized to the documentation of the local tangible and intangible resources; the involvement of the younger population (secondary school students) with regular meetings finalized to attract and empower them toward their heritage; develop new digital tools, including serious games, in order to better spread the acquired data and reach the biggest number of people. Se espera que el compromiso comunitario inicial prepare el terreno para una futura mejora de todos los recursos locales que giran en torno al patrimonio cultural de la isla que podría conducir al desarrollo de un turismo más responsable y sostenible.
METHODOLOGY FOR MAPPING INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE THROUGH WEBGIS INTEGRAL PLATFORMS. LA FONTANALLA NEIGHBOURHOOD AS A CASE STUDY
Authors: Conejo-Arrabal Francisco , Chamizo-Nieto Francisco José , Nebot-Gómez de Salazar Nuria , Rosa-Jiménez Carlos
Published: September 2022

The identification and cataloguing of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) was defined in Paris Convention by UNESCO (2003). However, it is difficult to identify and map this type of heritage in the territory due to the lack of consensus to establish a common representation methodology. Similar technological platforms identify and geolocate the stakeholders concerned about the safeguarding and transmission of this kind of heritage, with the aim of putting together memories from each heritage item, but not the direct relationship with the specific site. This research focuses on a methodology for mapping ICH through webGIS platforms on a local scale, taking into account the following issue: the intangible elements as an attribute related with other heritage categories. This is achieved by collecting the memories of each resource generated by agents involved —citizenship and associations— and its relationship with the physical environment —tangible cultural heritage: architecture, landscape...—. In this way, the sum of related items allows to identify the connection between ICH and territory. This method has been tested in La Fontanalla neighbourhood through Malaka_net webGIS: a comprehensive platform which shows data sheets about every cultural heritage item from Malaga city. This tool allows cultural heritage to be categorized into different material heritage types —architecture, landscape, archaeology, street furniture and urban pattern— and immaterial ones. The holistic meaning between these categories makes possible to link them through the same attribute: intangible value.
The town of Collodi: the vernacular heritage
Authors: Pisani Francesco
Published: September 2022

The town of Collodi consists mainly of two parts, the ancient village perched on the hill and a settlement in the valley. The ancient castle, of which we have accurate information only after the twelfth century, still retains many of the characteristics of a medieval village. The planimetric development of this small settlement is highly interesting: both the main roads and the building aggregates follow the lines of the maximum slope of the hill, giving the entire skyline a cascading pattern. In the past two centuries, the castle of Collodi has not seen significant expansions beyond the perimeter of its ancient walls. Only the external roads have been adapted to the traffic of cars while movement inside the walls has remained exclusively pedestrian. For this reason, the structure still retains, for the most part, the vernacular features of the small settlements of northern Tuscany. These characteristics can be traced back using both the construction techniques and the typological elements. Through a careful study and an in-depth analysis of the buildings that characterize its typical elements, the vernacular architecture of the town can be both safeguarded and valorised. This paper means to illustrate the first results of the study on the entire vernacular heritage of Collodi, both the materials used and the architecture, which resulted in the identification of the unchanged parts of the buildings and the distinctive features that have been preserved, as well as the definition of the necessary guidelines for their restoration
A taxonomy of vernacular heritage in the mid-Adriatic. Landscape relations and architectural characteristics of the farmhouses in Tronto Valley (Italy).
Authors: Cipolletti Sara
Published: September 2022

The hilly area of Central Italy represents one of the most original characteristics of Italian agrarian system distinguished by a particular form and technique of land management, la Mezzadria (sharecropping), which was a contract stipulated between a landowner and the farmer, reflected in the construction of open space as well as artifacts. The structure of rural settlements typical of sharecropping is a mosaic of terrains with scattered farmhouses (case coloniche), connected by a dense road network. The architecture of these structures is always the same with only slight variations articulated by the form of the terrain and in relationship with their use and the road pathways, and is characterised by a rectangular plan with the rooms dispersed on two floors and an external staircase which is the prevalent distinguishing trait. Sharecropping rural heritage represents an important case study for the analysis and cataloguing of vernacular architecture since artifacts come from precise needs linked to the social and cultural life of the farming family. This paper investigates vernacular rural architecture in Central Italy, particularly in the mid-Adriatic in the southern Marche Region, by building up an investigative and categorization method: selecting precise geographical areas where the original farmhouses have first been identified by studying historical maps of the 19th century before moving on to in situ exploration. Photography has also been a useful instrument for constructing the taxonomy of rural ruins which today are in a state of total abandonment; showing the photographs next to each other allows us to more clearly identify and understand subtle differences and suggest a reuse of the buildings.
Ghadames, Libya A traditional Earthen Settlement, Resilient to Crises and Environmental Challenges
Authors: ABDULAC Samir
Published: September 2022

Ghadames, a World Heritage property, is an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, representative of a traditional culture and human interaction with its environment.  The old town has a symbiotic relationship with its surrounding oasis. Its earthen housing design is extremely original and climatically adapted. Serious human and environmental challenges increased recently. The community of Ghadames has however always been, responsible for the exceptional qualities of this site, from its inception to its conservation. An active local convenient authority was purposefully set up for conservation. Fortunately, the present crisis in Libya only caused indirect damage. . Our paper aims at better inform about Ghadames little known heritage features, encountered challenges and conservation achievements. Through this particular case study, our multi-faceted paper aims to demonstrate how a comprehensive approach, in construction, architecture, urbanism, landscaping, irrigation, climate, law and institutions, is important for understanding and planning conservation issues. @
Knowledge and conservation of Mediterranean spontaneous architecture: some of the villages of the northern Tyrrhenian coast of Calabria
Authors: Bilotta Francesca , Canonaco Brunella
Published: September 2022

The paper proposes a reading of the rural architectures of the northern Tyrrhenian coast of Calabria, where structures linked to the agricultural activities and residential buildings coexist side by side. Knowledge about local constructive culture and the conservation of rural emergencies allows to highlight variations of base principles of Mediterranean architecture, in which specific typologies are created spontaneously as a solution to constructive problems and in which anthropic and geomorphologic values are entwined creating deep relationships with the environment and the identity of local communities. The paper analyses the residential types that, through the variety of architectural responses, reveal a sensitivity that can be reconnected to an attitude common to the entire geographical area, related to the place, to its morphological and environmental characters, produced by plans based on rational and geometric principles. All this finds validation in a landscape designed by almost spontaneous buildings that are placed in a scattered but rational way among the territory. Therefore, the paper proposes the understanding of rural architectures, nowadays often abandoned, that can give birth to actions of recovery and to the conservation of ancient knowledge.
FROM INTANGIBLE TO TANGIBLE Artisan Skills and Traditional Crafts for Preserving Venice’s Built Heritage
Authors: Squassina Angela
Published: September 2022

Venice can be regarded as a test bed for any preservation strategy. From its very origins, the city has always had to withstand hostile environmental conditions, such as unstable soil, overflowing tides, and  rising damp. Hence traditional materials and techniques are the result of a thousand-year-old selection aimed at improving their durability. Since the end of the nineteenth century, however, historical surfaces have been progressively replaced by new short-lasting plasters, following the trend of systematic refurbishment meant to maximize economic output with disregard for good practices. As tourism became the driving force of a social, cultural, and architectural transformation, a sharp decrease in local population and craftsmanship has caused the loss of traditional know-how, leading to irreversible decline and low-quality interventions. All this makes it necessary to reconsider the use of traditional materials and building skills, trusting, once again, in the Venetian craftsmen who are the repositories of local material culture and in the intangible know-how that can be crucial in protecting the city’s tangible built heritage. Joint efforts between the Iuav and local craftsmen are now underway in this regard. This synergy is making it possible to readdress an operational approach in which preservation is understood as the broadest possible care-for practice capable of providing continuous maintenance and control over architectural variances. Urgent too is the need to transfer traditional know-how from the elder custodians to the younger generations who will have the cultural and operational task of safeguarding Venice’s future. Finally, fostering traditional good practices may also help develop local, cost-effective, site-specific efforts capable of promoting positive economic-and-social reversion. Reintroducing traditional high-quality materials and artisan skills, together with controlled, compatible innovation, should be regarded as a sort of living idea of tradition, connecting past and future in protecting Venice’s material authenticity – its main tangible resource and a specific requisite for a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The appropriation of traditional houses in Imbros/Gökçeada
Authors: Dinccag Kahveci Aysegül
Published: September 2022

This paper explores the transformation of locality in relation to vernacular architecture on the former Greek island of Imbros (Gökçeada) in Turkey. The people of Imbros were forced to leave their homeland due to a state-initiated policy of Turkification that started in the early 1960s. The structural evolution of the traditional Imbriotic House came to a halt due to the forced immigration of the Imbrian people. Today, the material remains of houses in villages contribute to heritage capital, while allowing returnees a chance to critically reflect on their tangible heritage. The paper aims to understand changes in the built environment and its cultural and historical contexts and records the contemporary architectural applications of the social transition of a rural community in a global age. The study shows how traditional houses are ‘modernized’ by 2nd and 3rd generation returnees of the Imbrian community, in line with the changing needs of their inhabitants, and questions how the local identity is reproduced by the heritage community. By analysing the spatial modifications of the typologies and the construction adaptation of the buildings, the study examines which architectural components are kept and/or changed in order to preserve the “local identity” in everyday life on the island today. The paper compiles preliminary findings based on ethnographic field research conducted in 2018-2019, which yielded qualitative data from oral narratives and participatory observations, and also uses the data obtained from architectural research tools. Focusing on the reconstruction of old houses by returnees from the Imbrian community, this paper showcases the appropriation of vernacular architecture in a contested area in relation to locality.
Mapping Spatial Social Aspects of Urban Recovery in contested cities: A Case of The Historic Commercial Center of The Ancient City of Aleppo
Authors: Ibrahim Sonia
Published: September 2022

Cultural heritage can initiate pride in one’s own identity. Therefore, in wars, the destruction of cul-tural heritage is weaponized as a tool aspired at disabling communities and demoralizing them. At the same time, reconstruction is a sensitive matter, and the process of post-conflict reconstruction has the potential either to advance social recovery or to hinder it. Consequently, the inclusion of all the affected communities is crucial. The old city of Aleppo is a classic case as rehabilitation pro-jects in the historic commercial center have started to emerge. Those projects focus on the physical destruction of the city, neglecting the social damage, and failing to engage and reflect on the locals' needs and ambition on how to rebuild their heritage. Due to this neglect, this paper is seeking to bring the social dimension of the rehabilitation process to the discussion and promote a people-centered approach in the decision-making of the post-conflict rehabilitation process in the ancient city of Aleppo. This paper is seeking to create a framework so reconstruction decisions will be based on people's aspirations and vision. A collection of research methods was used to examine the above-mentioned points. These methods included: onsite field observation to collect data, (specifi-cally, the Souk area) conducting interviews with shop owners, local people who lives in Aleppo and from the diaspora (in summer 2020 and winter 2021), and setting an online questionnaire survey (June and July 2021). Findings were outlined in a base conceptual map for the post-conflict rehabil-itation.
Instigated Incivility, Guilt Expression, and Performance: Moderating Role of Religiosity
Authors: Ul Haq Inam , De Clercq Dirk , Azeem Muhammad Umer
Published: September 2022

With a theoretical grounding in conservation of resources theory, this study examines how instigated incivility may boost instigators' job performance, in a process that might be explained by the instigators' expressions of guilt and moderated by their religious faith. The hypotheses
tests rely on multisource, three-wave data collected from employees and their supervisors in Pakistani organizations. The findings, generated with the Process macro, affirm that (1) an important reason that instigated incivility translates into enhanced in-role and extra-role job performance
is the instigators' desire to express guilty feelings and (2) this mediating role is especially prominent among employees who hold strong religious beliefs. For management scholars, this study's focus on incivility perpetrators provides an important complement to traditional considerations
of incivility victims. For practitioners, it reveals how employees' own uncivil behaviors, somewhat counterintuitively, lead to enhanced performance outcomes and how religious faith serves as a catalyst of this process.
Using Software Applications To Enhance E-Government Service Delivery In Botswana
Authors: Esiefarienrhe Bukohwo Michael , Mokeresete Malebogo
Published: September 2022

Scholars, the ICT community, and policy experts argue that ICT benefits have not been harnessed by most citizens in developing countries, particularly Botswana, due to lack of indigenous software applications for e-commerce, health, customer services, and mismanagement of the ICT infrastructures. Considering the huge investment of public funds on broadband fibre hub, acquization of ICT infrastructures, various committees and sub-committees setup for the management of these infrastructures, it should be expected the the country is well equipped to become the centre for ICT hub in Africa, which unfortunately is not so. Thus, researchers and the media have decried the lack of ICT infrastructure utilization and lack of software applications to utilize the vast infrastructures. To ascertain these reports and better understand the situation, there is a need to holistically research into the ICT project's activities. The mixed research methodology was used in this research which comprised qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection and analysis to gain an in-depth understanding of the broadband development services and users' experiences in Botswana. Also used is the Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) methodology with a specific method known as Rapid Application Development (RAD), which enables the researchers to develop software prototypes for Children quickly -Parents Immunisation Alert, License Examination Booking System, and End-user query register as a consequent of the survey conducted that identified these applications as urgently needed to turn around the service delivery and improve on ICT access across the country. The local software developed in this research is expected to boost economic activities and provides a platform for users to adequately utilize the facilities and thus turn the ICT project of Botswana into the type that benefits its populace and creates employment for its youth.
Electronic Nutrition (e-Gizi) Application Development on RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Using the Rapid Application Development Method
Authors: Saputra Muhammad Haykal Alfariz , Mirza Ahmad Haidar
Published: September 2022

Regional General Hospital Dr Mohammad Hoesin Palembang is one of the types A vertical hospitals in Palembang. Patients who come are not only from South Sumatra but also from outside the region. Dr Mohammad Hoesin Hospital has inpatient services. One of the inpatient facilities is providing food which will be divided into 3 shifts. Currently, data gathering on the patient diet is performed manually, which indicates that many patients have returned home but somehow the food has been made, and the natural ingredients at the nutrition establishment do not match what would be in it. A solution that can facilitate the distribution of food at Dr Mohammad Hoesin Hospital and make it easier to record the patient's diet is to build a website-based Electronic Nutrition (e-Gizi) application.
The Implementation of the Black Box Method for Testing Smart Hajj Application Ministry of Religion
Authors: Kusuma Alan Budi , Hadinata Novri
Published: September 2022

This research was conducted to assist the Ministry of Religious Affairs in testing the quality and accuracy of the Haji Pintar application. The main purpose of testing is to design tests that systematically uncover types of errors that have not been detected before. The Haji Pintar application will be tested using the Black Box method thoroughly with respect to application functionality, interfaces , data structures or external database access, performance, initiation and termination errors, usage, benefits, and results obtained from the use of the application. In testing the Haji Smart application, there are 5 types of testing from the Black Box method. The value of the overall effectiveness of the Haji Pintar application is 83.75%. With this value, the Haji Pintar application has been running according to the expected functionality but there are still errors in the application that must be updated immediately regarding the cancellation information menu and the payment information menu, which experienced problems when checking the status of the cancellation process that the congregation submitted and checking the congregation portion. Hajj includes the right to pay off or not.
Trilogía de Sísifo
Authors:   Facultad de Artes y Humanidades, Universidad de los Andes, Carmelo Luís
Published: September 2022

La Trilogía de Sísifo se compone de tres novelas que pueden leerse de manera independiente, pero que juntas forman un paisaje narrativo común: Gneis (2015), En propia mano (2016) y Sísifo (2017). Luís Carmelo, su autor, es poeta, ensayista y animador cultural. Los protagonistas de su trilogía llevan cuesta arriba el peso de sus propias vidas, como sísifos modernos. A pesar de su destino, sus personajes celebran los caminos del redescubrimiento y la redención, dos sendas que comparten con quien lee, con quien siente. La narración de cada ficción, con sus propios destellos, fascinará a quien viaje por ellas.
El sastre de dos mundos. Luigi Bazzani y la ópera en América – Tomo II
Authors:   Facultad de Artes y Humanidades, Universidad de los Andes, Klein Alexander
Published: September 2022

Entre 1807 y 1867, un sastre boloñés realizó más viajes, recorrió más continentes y países, y llevó el arte lírico italiano a más rincones de América que cualquier otro empresario de ópera en la historia de la humanidad. Aún así, cuando falleció a mediados del siglo XIX, nadie registró el suceso y el nombre de Luigi Bazzani cayó en un largo olvido. La investigación sobre la vida y obra de Bazzani implicó recorrer los archivos y bibliotecas de diez países, y su fruto es la primera historia comparativa de la ópera en América, así como la primera historia del continente que rescata la perspectiva de los artistas italianos que trajeron sus oficios y contribuyeron a la construcción de la identidad y la nación en nuestros países. Con un enfoque interdisciplinario, y reuniendo fuentes primarias inéditas, esta extraña joya biográfica se constituye como un importante aporte a campos tan diversos como los estudios culturales, los estudios latinoamericanos, los estudios de migración y, desde luego, la musicología.
Influence of air mass origin on microphysical properties of low-level clouds in a subarctic environment
Authors: Doulgeris Konstantinos Matthaios , Vakkari Ville , O'Connor Ewan J. , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Lihavainen Heikki , Brus David
Published: September 2022

Abstract. In this work, an analysis was performed to investigate how different long-range transport air masses can affect the occurrence and the microphysical properties of low-level clouds in a clean subarctic environment. The cloud measurements comprised in-situ and ground-based and were conducted during eight Pallas Cloud Experiments (PaCE) held in the autumn between 2004 and 2019. Each PaCE was carried out at the Pallas Atmosphere – Ecosystem Supersite, located in the Finnish subarctic region. Two cloud spectrometer ground setups were installed on the roof of the station to measure cloud microphysical properties: the Cloud, Aerosol and Precipitation Spectrometer probe (CAPS) and the Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP). Air mass histories were analyzed using the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART in order to investigate the differences between five distinct source regions (Arctic, Eastern, Southern, Western and Local). The results showed that there was a connection between the microphysical properties of the clouds we sampled during PaCEs and the air mass source region. The occurrence of clouds at the measuring station was mainly connected with air masses coming from the continental regions. Higher values of cloud droplet number concentrations (Nc) were related to air masses coming from the Southern and Eastern regions (continental), whereas the lowest values of Nc were related to Arctic and Western air masses (marine). In addition, the marine air masses were characterized by larger cloud droplets (median volume diameter approximately from 15 to 20 µm), in comparison to continental air masses that were mainly characterized by cloud droplets with median volume diameters of approximately from 8 to 12 µm. Finally, there was an indication that cloud droplets were more prone to grow in warm liquid clouds.
Measurement report: Ambient volatile organic compound (VOC) pollution in urban Beijing: characteristics, sources, and implications for pollution control
Authors: Cui Lulu , Wu Di , Wang Shuxiao , Xu Qingcheng , Hu Ruolan , Hao Jiming
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The increasing ozone (O3) pollution and high fraction of secondary
organic aerosols (SOA) in fine particle mass has highlighted the importance of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air pollution control. In this work,
four intensive field measurements of VOCs during winter of 2018 (from 1 December 2018 to 17 January 2019), spring (15 April to 27 May), summer
(17 June to 13 July), and autumn (22 September to 27 November) of 2019 were
conducted at an urban site in Beijing to characterize VOC sources and their
contributions to air pollution. The total mixing ratio of the 95 quantified
VOCs (TVOC) observed in this study ranged from 5.5–118.7 ppbv with the mean
value of 34.9 ppbv. Alkanes, OVOCs, and halocarbons were the dominant
chemical groups, accounting for 75 %–81 % of the TVOC across the sampling
months. The molar ratios of VOCs to NOx indicated that O3
formation was limited by VOCs during the whole sampling period. Positive
matrix factorization (PMF) analysis showed that diesel vehicle exhaust,
gasoline vehicle exhaust, and industrial emissions were the main VOC sources
during both the O3-polluted and PM2.5-polluted months. On the basis
of O3 formation impact, VOCs from fuel evaporation and diesel exhaust,
particularly toluene, xylenes, trans-2-butene, acrolein, methyl
methacrylate, vinyl acetate, 1-butene, and 1-hexene, were the main
contributors, illustrating the necessity of conducting emission controls on
these pollution sources and species to alleviate O3 pollution.
Instead, VOCs from diesel exhaust as well as coal and biomass combustion were found to
be the dominant contributors to secondary organic aerosol formation
potential (SOAFP), particularly the VOC species of toluene, 1-hexene,
xylenes, ethylbenzene, and styrene, and top priority should be given to these
for the alleviation of haze pollution. This study provides insights for the
government to formulate effective VOC control measures for air pollution in
Beijing.
Nudging allows direct evaluation of coupled climate models with in-situ observations: A case study from the MOSAiC expedition
Authors: Pithan Felix , Athanase Marylou , Dahlke Sandro , Sánchez-Benítez Antonio , Shupe Matthew D. , Sledd Anne , Streffing Jan , Svensson Gunilla , Jung Thomas
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Comparing the output of general circulation models to observations is essential for assessing and improving the quality of models. While numerical weather prediction models are routinely assessed against a large array of observations, comparing climate models and observations usually requires long time series to build robust statistics. Here, we show that by nudging the large-scale atmospheric circulation in coupled climate models, model output can be compared to local observations for individual days. We illustrate this for three climate models during a period in April 2020 when a warm air intrusion reached the MOSAiC expedition in the central Arctic. Radiosondes, cloud remote sensing and surface flux observations from the MOSAiC expedition serve as reference observations. The climate models AWI-CM1/ECHAM and AWI-CM3/IFS miss the diurnal cycle of surface temperature in spring, likely because both models assume the snow pack on ice to have a uniform temperature. CAM6, a model that uses three layers to represent snow temperature, represents the diurnal cycle more realistically. During a cold and dry period with pervasive thin mixed-phase clouds, AWI-CM1/ECHAM only produces partial cloud cover and overestimates downwelling shortwave radiation at the surface. AWI-CM3/IFS produces a closed cloud cover but misses cloud liquid water. Our results show that nudging the large-scale circulation to the observed state allows a meaningful comparison of climate model output even to short-term observational campaigns. We suggest that nudging can simplify and accelerate the pathway from observations to climate model improvements and substantially extends the range of observations suitable for model evaluation.
Declining, seasonal-varying emissions of sulfur hexafluoride from the United States point to a new mitigation opportunity
Authors: Hu Lei , Ottinger Deborah , Bogle Stephanie , Montzka Stephen , DeCola Phil , Dlugokencky Ed , Andrews Arlyn , Thoning Kirk , Sweeney Colm , Dutton Geoff , Aepli Lauren , Crotwell Andrew
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is the most potent greenhouse gas and its atmospheric abundance, albeit small, has been increasing rapidly. Although SF6 is used to assess atmospheric transport modeling and influences the climate for millennia, SF6 emission magnitudes and distributions have substantial uncertainties. In this study, we used NOAA’s ground-based and airborne measurements of SF6 to estimate SF6 emissions from the U.S. between 2007 and 2018. The substantial decline in U.S. SF6 emissions derived from atmospheric observations agrees with the reported trend in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s national inventory submitted under the United Nations Framework on Climate Change, suggesting mitigation efforts have had some success. However, the magnitudes of derived annual emissions are 40–250 % higher than the EPA national inventory and substantially lower than the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research inventory. The regional discrepancies between atmosphere-based estimate and EPA’s inventory suggest that emissions from electric power transmission and distribution (ETD) facilities and an SF6 production plant that did not or do not report to EPA may be underestimated in the national inventory. Furthermore, the atmosphere-based estimates show higher winter than summer emissions of SF6. These enhanced wintertime emissions may result from increased maintenance of ETD equipment in southern states and increased leakage through aging brittle seals in ETD in northern states in winter. These results demonstrate the success of past U.S. SF6 emission mitigations, and suggest substantial additional emission reductions might be achieved through efforts to minimize emissions during servicing or through improving sealing materials in ETD.