bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los antiguos en el Nuevo Mundo. Reflexiones de los jesuitas José de Acosta y Alonso de Ovalle sobre el origen de los nativos americanos, siglos XVI-XVII
Authors: Valenzuela Matus Carolina
Published: April 2018

Durante los siglos XVI y XVII, cronistas y evangelizadores europeos defendieron algunas teorí­as de poblamiento que sostení­an que los nativos americanos provení­an de pueblos bí­blicos y grecorromanos. El objetivo de este artí­culo es analizar las reflexiones realizadas sobre esta materia por los jesuitas José de Acosta y Alonso de Ovalle, considerando que hubo un tiempo en que las exploraciones geográficas y un conocimiento más cabal del continente privilegió el valor de la evidencia y la experiencia. Este artí­culo pretende demostrar que los jesuitas aquí­ estudiados tuvieron una postura escéptica sobre estas teorí­as, adhiriendo a un método racional moderno desde el que realizaron sus propuestas sobre poblamiento, prescindiendo de la presencia de las antiguas civilizaciones pero manteniendo la idea del monogenismo bí­blico.Palabras clave: Monogenismo bí­blico, tradición clásica, jesuitas, poblamiento.Ancients in the New World. Reflections by Jesuits José de Acosta and Alonso de Ovalle about the origin of Native Americans, 16th-17th centuriesAbstractDuring the Sixteenth and Seventeenth centuries, European chroniclers and evangelizers defended some settlement theories that held that Native Americans came from Biblical and Greco-Roman people. This article is aimed to analyze the reflections made on this subject by Jesuits José de Acosta and Alonso de Ovalle, considering that there was a time when geographical explorations and a more accurate knowledge of the continent privileged the value of evidence and experience. This article tries to demonstrate that Jesuits here studied had a skeptical position on these theories adhering to a modern rational method from which they made their proposals on settlement, dispensing with the presence of ancient civilizations but maintaining the idea of biblical monogenism.Keywords: Biblical monogenism, classic tradition, Jesuits, settlement.Os antigos no Novo Mundo. Reflexões dos jesuí­tas José de Acosta e Alonso de Ovalle sobre a origem dos nativos americanos, séculos XVI-XVIIResumoDurante os séculos XVI e XVII, cronistas e evangelizadores europeus defenderam algumas teorias de assentamentos que sustentavam que os nativos americanos procediam dos povos bí­blicos e greco-romanos. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as reflexões feitas sobre este assunto pelos jesuí­tas José de Acosta e Alonso de Ovalle, considerando que houve um tempo onde as explorações geográficas e um conhecimento mais preciso do continente privilegiaram o valor da evidência e da experiência. Este artigo pretende demonstrar que os jesuí­tas aqui estudados tiveram uma posição cética sobre essas teorias que aderiram a um método racional moderno a partir do qual eles fizeram suas propostas sobre o assentamento, prescindindo a presença de civilizações antigas, mas mantendo a ideia do monogenismo bí­blico.Palavras-chave: Monogenismo bí­blico, tradição clássica, jesuí­tas, assentamento.
Combate entre pizarristas y almagristas en Paisajes peruanos: La Batalla de Chupas vista por Riva Agí¼ero
Authors: Aparicio Aldana Zhenia
Published: April 2018

ResumenEn 1912 José de la Riva Agí¼ero y Osma realiza un viaje por el Perú que se extendió desde el Cuzco a Huancayo, transformándose en uno de los primeros peruanos que recorrió el territorio nacional. Como resultado de este viaje, Riva Agí¼ero y Osma escribió un interesante texto titulado Paisajes peruanos. Además de contextualizar la importancia de Riva Agí¼ero y Osma para la historia peruana, en este artí­culo se analiza el relato contenido en Paisajes peruanos, destacando tanto su reivindicación del pasado colonial como el protagonismo que el autor le entrega al paisaje. Del mismo modo, se pone especial atención a su apreciación de la brutal Batalla de Chupas, en la cual se enfrentaron a muerte pizarristas y almagristas en su lucha por el control de lo que hoy conocemos como Perú.Palabras clave: Perú, Riva Agí¼ero, Paisajes Peruanos, Batalla de Chupas.The battle between pizarristas and almagristas in Paisajes Peruanos: The battle of Chupas seen by Riva Agí¼eroAbstractIn 1912, José de la Riva Agí¼ero y Osma made a trip through Peru extending from Cuzco to Huancayo, becoming one of the first Peruvians to travel the national territory. As a result of this trip, Riva Agí¼ero y Osma wrote aninteresting text called Peruvian Landscapes. In addition to contextualizing the importance of Riva Agí¼ero and Osma for Peruvian history, this article analyzes the story contained in Peruvian Landscapes, highlighting both its vindication of the colonial past and the importance given by the author to the landscape. Likewise, special attention is given to his opinion about the brutal Battle of Chupas, in which pizarristas and almagristas fought to death in their battle to control the territory that we know as Peru.Keywords: Peru, Riva Agí¼ero, Peruvian landscapes, Battle of Chupas.Combate entre pizarristas e almagristas em Paisagens Peruanas: A Batalha de Chupas vista por Riva Agí¼eroResumo Em 1912, José de la Riva Agí¼ero e Osma faz uma viagem pelo Peru que se estendeu desde o Cuzco a Huancayo, tornando-se num dos primeiros peruanos que percorreu o território nacional. Como resultado desta viagem, Riva Agí¼ero y Osma escreveu um interessante texto chamado Paisagens Peruanas. Além de contextualizar a importí¢ncia de Riva Agí¼ero e Osma para a história peruana, neste artigo analisa-se o relato contido em Paisagens Peruanas, destacando tanto a sua reivindicação do passado colonial como o protagonismo que o autor lhe entrega í  paisagem. Do mesmo modo, se põe especial atenção í  sua apreciação da brutal Batalha de Chupas, na qual enfrentaram-se a morte pizarristas e almagristas na sua luta pelo controle do que hoje conhecemos como Peru.Palavras-chave: Peru, Riva Agí¼ero, Paisagens peruanas, Batalha de Chupas.
Patricio Aylwin Azócar en sus palabras: La oposición "jurí­dica" contra el gobierno de la Unidad Popular y el colapso de la lí­nea del "camino propio" del Partido Demócrata Cristiano (1970-1973)
Authors: Hurtado Torres Diego
Published: April 2018

La presente selección de textos de Patricio Aylwin dista mucho de formar parte de una "historia B" u "oculta" de su actuación en el proceso polí­tico que tuvo a la Unidad Popular (UP) en el gobierno de Chile entre 1970 y 1973. El lector interesado en profundizar sus conocimientos sobre este tema, podrá hallar en el sitio web de la Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile el registro digitalizado de las sesiones del Senado que extractamos aquí­. Junto a la recuperación de estas fuentes parlamentarias –cuya publicación en diarios de circulación nacional, por lo demás, era una práctica común en el Chile de los 1970 y antes– hemos desempolvado de archivos periodí­sticos dos entrevistas que se ubican, respectivamente, en ambos extremos del perí­odo.
El espacio social cubano y el sector económico mixto o privado
Authors: Suárez Conejero Juana Elvira
Published: April 2018

Un artículo similar de la autora fue publicado, en francés, en la Revista Alternatives Sud, editada por Centre Tricontinental de Louvain-la-Neuve, Bélgica y L’Harmattan de París, Francia.
Graffiti,	descolonización	y escrituras en fuga (o el contra-bando de lo minoritario)
Authors: Ganter S. Rodrigo
Published: April 2018

El presente artículo trata sobre el desarrollo que ha tenido el Graffiti como respuesta cultural a conflictos como lo son – estrategias culturales contra/hegemónicas- toda una virulenta operación de deconstrucción del logos-capitalístico-patriarcal. Principalmente este articulo aborda la visión de político/epistemológico, analizando la postura geo/cultural del Graffiti.
Penggunaan Metode Giving Questions And Getting Answer Terhadap Keaktifan Belajar Siswa SMA
Authors: Lissa Lissa
Published: April 2018

Metode pembelajaran di lapangan masih belum variatif dan inovatif serta guru kurang memacu keterlibatan siswa, sehingga berpengaruh terhadap keaktifan belajar siswa. Metode yang dapat melibatkan aktifitas siwa dan membuat siswa aktif yaitu metode Giving Question and Getting Answer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode Giving Question and Getting Answer terhadap keaktifan belajar siswa pada materi ekosistem. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian True-Experimental Desigen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X MIPA di SMA Negeri 1 Krangkeng tahun akademik 2016/2017 yang berjumlah 166 siswa. Sampel 2 kelas yaitu kelas X MIPA 1 (eksperimen) yang berjumlah 30 siswa dan kelas X MIPA 2 (kontrol) yang berjumlah 29 siswa yang diperoleh dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi keaktifan belajar siswa. Dari hasil analisis data yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh rata-rata skor keaktifan belajar siswa kelas eksperimen menggunakan metode Giving Question and Getting Answer adalah 31,97 dan rata-rata skor keaktifan belajar siswa kelas kontrol menggunakan metode konvensional adalah 29,40. Uji hipotesis yang digunakan yaitu uji t dan diperoleh nilai thitung = 4,486 dan ttabel= 1,672. Karena thitung > ttabel, maka HO ditolak. Artinya penggunaan metode Giving Question and Getting Answer berpengaruh terhadap keaktifan belajar siswa.
Inokulum Mikoriza Arbuskula sebagai Pupuk Hayati pada Tanaman Gandum (Triticum Aestivum L.)
Authors: Erwin Erwin
Published: April 2018

Peranan mikoriza arbuskula (MA) dalam bidang pertanian telah terbukti sangat signifikan, namun terkendala dengan ketersediaan inokulum berkualitas untuk diaplikasikan di lapang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik inokulum MA dan pemanfaatannya sebagai pupuk hayati tanaman Gandum (Triticum aestivum L). Parameter yang diuji pada tanaman gandum (T. aestivum L.) ialah pertumbuhan cendawan mikoriza arbuskula yaitu persen kolonisasi, jumlah entry point, hifa internal, arbuskula dan vesikula, dan pertumbuhan tanaman yaitu tinggi tajuk, berat basah dan kering tajuk, dan berat basah akar. Kolonisasi akar dan struktur cendawan yaitu entry point, hifa internal arbuskula dan vesikula menunjukkan hasil meningkat sehingga bisa dijadikan sebagai jumlah inokulum yang akan diinokulasikan ke tanaman gandum. Peningkatan kolonisasi juga berkorelasi positif dengan pertumbuhan gandum yaitu tinggi tajuk, bobot basah, bobot kering tajuk, dan bobot basah akar. Respon terbaik kolonisasi MA untuk pertumbuhan tanaman gandum diperoleh pada gandum galur Oasis dan SBR, sedangkan respon terendah kolonisasi MA pada tanaman gandum galur S03.
Autopropriedade e a Ética Libertária
Authors: Kaesemodel Gustavo Poletti
Published: April 2018

O conceito de autopropriedade está intrinsecamente relacionado ao conceito de liberdade individual e é pedra fundamental da ética libertária. Em tempos em que as liberdades individuais são constantemente violadas por legislações positivistas, este trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar os fundamentos da ética libertária, a sua evolução ao longo dos últimos 50 anos e os motivos que a tornam uma ferramenta importante na proteção destes direitos. Analisados os principais conceitos e fundamentos, a ética libertária é colocada à prova das principais críticas que foram feitas ao longo do tempo,ilustrando como elas contribuíram para o seu desenvolvimento e quais pontos ainda não foram completamente explorados ou validados. Por fim, são discutidos temas do cotidiano das pessoas relacionados à autopropriedade, demonstrando como as liberdades individuais são violadas na maior parte das constituições e apresentando soluções de autores libertários, por meio de propostas que protejam a propriedade privada e evitem a iniciação da agressão.
Coğrafya Öğretmen Adaylarının Öğretmenlik Mesleğine Yönelik Tutum ve Kaygı Düzeyleri (Erzurum Örneği)
Authors: KESKİN Yılmaz
Published: April 2018

Bu araştırma Coğrafya öğretmen
adaylarının öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutum ve kaygı düzeylerini belirlemek
amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Çalışma grubunu 2015-2016 eğitim öğretim yılında
Atatürk Üniversitesi Coğrafya Öğretmenliği Anabilim Dalında öğrenim gören 35
öğrenci ve yine aynı dönemde coğrafya öğretmenliği pedegojik formasyon
sertifikası programında yer alan 45 öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 80 öğrenci oluşturmuştur.
Nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel tarama modelinin kullanıldığı araştırma
verileri SPSS programı kullanılarak frekans ve yüzdeler hesaplanmış, bağımsız
örneklem t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve Scheffe testi
yapılmıştır.

Çalışmadan elde edilen verilere göre öğretmen
adaylarının öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutum düzeylerinin yüksek, kaygı
düzeylerinin orta seviyede olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının
öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutumları fakülteleri ve cinsiyetlerine göre
değişmezken, AGNO’ları ve okudukları bölümü tercih nedenlerine göre
değişmektedir. Ayrıca öğretmen adaylarının öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik kaygı
düzeyleri fakülte, cinsiyet, AGNO ve okudukları bölümleri tercih nedenlerine
göre değişiklik göstermemektedir.
PERANAN DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH KABUPATEN BLITAR DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN DAERAH
Authors: Widiandono Erwin
Published: April 2018

Pelimpahan kewenangan dari Pemerintah Pusat kepada Pemerintah Daerah disertai  dengan pemberian kekuasaan yang lebih besar bagi Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPRD) dalam menjalankan fungsi Legislasi, namun diharapkan dengan “Otonomi Daerah” Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD) mampu meningkatkan peran pembuatan peraturan daerah yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan hukum masyarakat di daerah. Transisi di tingkat daerah seharusnya diprakarsai oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD) melalui penyusunan Peraturan Daerah yang berorientasi terutama untuk melakukan perubahan terhadap sistem penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah yang transparan, akuntabel dan partisipatif serta melindungi potensi dan kearifan lokal (Local Wisdom) yang ada didaerahnya. Rancangan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Blitar lebih banyak berasal dari eksekutif daripada legislatif, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pergeseran tersebut belum dibarengi dengan peningkatan baik kualitas maupun kuantitas peraturan daerah dari inisiatif DPRD. Kata Kunci : Peranan DPRD, Peraturan Daerah
Strategi Kemitraan di PT. DIF Nusantra dan Bali Fresh Female Farmers Group (BFFFG) di Desa Kedisan, Kecamatan Kintamani, Kabupaten Bangli, Bali.
Authors: Anggraini Lina , Yusdiarti Arti , Nahraeni Wini
Published: April 2018

This study was aimed to identify internal and external factors in BFFFG, develope alternative strategies to conduct SWOT analysis. The study was done in Kedisan Village, KintamaniDistrict, Bangli Regency, Bali. Data were collected for 4 months from 12 June to 2 October 2006 through direct interview by using open questionnaires and discussion. IFE, EFE, andSWOT analysis. Based on the results of SWOT analysis, strategies were developed. These included introducing ”Bali Fresh” products to areas outside Bali island, maintaining thecompany’s marketing strategies, and utilizing abandoned vegetables to open new opportunity for the company. Several recommendations given were : the establishment of kindergarten for children of partner farmers, adding more young labors, transparency on harvested product price. For PT DIF Nusantara, it was recommended that new consumers be sought in order to reduce wasted vegetables.Keywords: Strategy, Working time allocation, SWOT
Analisis Nilai Tambah dan Marjin Pemasaran Pisang Menjadi Olahan Pisang (Studi Kasus Pada Industri Kecil “SRIKANDI”) di Kelurahan Dangdeur Kecamatan Subang Kabupaten Subang Jawa Barat
Authors: Aziz Abdul , Miftah Himmatul , Arsyad Apendi
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keragaan pengolahan pisang menjadi Keripik dan Sale Pisang, nilai tambah serta marjin pemasaran. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan diKelurahan Dangdeur Kecamatan Subang dari bulan Agustus 2014 sampai September 2014. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk menjelaskan keragaan pengolahan pisang, analisis nilai tambah menggunakan Analisis Hayami, marjin pemasaran menggunakan analisis marjin pemasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keragaanAgroindustri Sale Pisang Industri Kecil “Srikandi” terdiri dari pengadaan bahan baku pisang dan pengolahan pisang. Nilai tambah dari pengolahan pisang menjadi Keripik Pisang adalahRp2.607,53 per kg dengan rasio 27,04 persen yang tergolong bernilai tambah sedang yaitu 15–40%. Nilai Tambah yang diperoleh dari pengolahan pisang menjadi Sale Pisang adalahRp3.217,91 per kg dengan rasio 42,27 persen, ini menunjukkan nilai tambah usaha pengolahan pisang menjadi Sale Pisang berkategori tinggi, di atas 40%. Harga jual KeripikPisang di tingkat produsen (Industri Kecil “Srikandi”) Rp40.000,00. Pada saluran pemasaran tingkat I didapatkan margin Rp17.542,96. Pada saluran II pengecer tetap membeli Keripik Pisang ke produsen seharga Rp40.000,00, marjin yang didapat adalah Rp10.000,00. Harga jual Sale Pisang di tingkat produsen Rp40.000,00. Pada saluran pemasaran I, marjin yangdidapat Rp24.507,62. Pada saluran II pengecer tetap membeli Sale Pisang ke produsen seharga Rp40.000,00. Marjin yang didapat adalah Rp 10.000,00.Kata kunci: Keragaan, Nilai Tambah, Marjin Pemasaran, Keripik Pisang, Sale Pisang
Marketing Efficiency Analysis Of Leafy Vegetable At Giant Extra Botanical Square, Bogor City
Authors: Khairi Yudri , Yusdiarti Arti , Miftah Himmatul
Published: April 2018

Leaf vegetables are in great demand by the people in Bogor City who are mostly from Sunda tribe. Bogor city residents who buy vegetables at Giant Extra Botani Square willing to pay more than those who buy in traditional markets. The research aimed to analyze marketing efficiency of leaf vegetables especially spinach, chinesse green cabbage (Brassica chinensis var. Parachinensis), kale, lettuce head and chinesse white cabbage (Brassica pekinensia L) at Giant Extra Botany Square in Bogor City . Data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively with marketing margin, farmer's share and R/C Ratio analysis. Primary data collection was taken from interview with Giant Extra’s management by purposive method, while interview to supplier and farmer used snowball sampling method. The results showed that the marketing efficiency of leaf vegetables in Giant Extra Botanical Square Bogor City, based on marketing margin analysis obtained the largest margin value on Chinese White Cabbage (Brassica pekinensia L) commodity amounting to Rp 20.450. Suppliers get the greatest benefits on commodities of spinach, Chinese Green Cabbage and kale. The highest farmer's share was obtained by farmers in lettuce head commodities by 69.6%. The highest R/C ratio was obtained by Chinese White Cabbage commodity at 1.60Keywords: marketing efficiency, leavy vegetables, modern market
Analisis Kinerja Rantai Pasok Sayuran Komersial di Pasar Tradisional Kota Bogor
Authors: Soka Tiara Dewi , Miftah Himmatul , Yusdiarti Arti
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Menganalisis proses rantai pasok produk sayuran komersial dari produsen ke konsumen, menganalisis efisiensi rantai pasok komoditas sayuran komersial, serta menganalisa kinerja rantai pasok sayuran komersial. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pasar Bogor dan Pasar Warung Jambu pemilihan pasar secara purposive. Metode penarikan sampel menggunakan snowball sampling. Jumlah pedagang pengecer sebanyak 14 orang, pedagang grosir sebanyak 9 orang, tengkulak 8 orang, petani bayam sebanyak 10 orang, petani tomat sebanyak 10 orang, petani ketang sebanyak 5 orang, dan petani bawang sebanyak 10 orang.Hasil penelitian ini bahwa aliran informasi, barang, dan uang sangat berpengaruh dalam ketersediaan barang yang akan dipasok ke pasar tradisional, saluran pasokan yang efisien pada tomat yaitu saluran II dengan nilai marjin sebesar Rp 518,8 dan farmer’s share sebesar 27,83%, saluran pasokan tomat yaitu saluran V deang nilai marjin sebsar Rp 4.916,6 dan nilai farmer’s share sebesar 35,86%, kentang saluran pasokan III dengan nilai farmer’s share sebesar 68%, dan bawang saluran pasokan I dengan nilai farmer’s share sebesar 38,96%. Pada kegiatan pasokan sayuran ke pasar tradisional setiap lembaga pasokan melakukan proses kinerja rantai pasok diantaranya perencanaan, pengadaan, pengiriman, dan pengembalian.Kata Kunci: Pasar Bogor, Pasar Warung Jambu, SCOR, Kondisi Rantai.
Disability Critical Race Theory: Exploring the Intersectional Lineage, Emergence, and Potential Futures of DisCrit in Education
Authors: Annamma Subini Ancy , Ferri Beth A. , Connor David J.
Published: April 2018

In this review, we explore how intersectionality has been engaged with through the lens of disability critical race theory (DisCrit) to produce new knowledge. In this chapter, we (1) trace the intellectual lineage for developing DisCrit, (2) review the body of interdisciplinary scholarship incorporating DisCrit to date, and (3) propose the future trajectories of DisCrit, noting challenges and tensions that have arisen. Providing new opportunities to investigate how patterns of oppression uniquely intersect to target students at the margins of Whiteness and ability, DisCrit has been taken up by scholars to expose and dismantle entrenched inequities in education.
(Un)Hidden Figures: A Synthesis of Research Examining the Intersectional Experiences of Black Women and Girls in STEM Education
Authors: Ireland Danyelle T. , Freeman Kimberley Edelin , Winston-Proctor Cynthia E. , DeLaine Kendra D. , McDonald Lowe Stacey , Woodson Kamilah M.
Published: April 2018

In this chapter, we argue that intersectionality is a theoretical and methodological framework by which education researchers can critically examine why and how students in STEM fields who are members of intersecting marginalized groups have distinctive experiences related to their social identities, other psychological processes, and educational outcomes. Taken separately, the bodies of education research focused on the experiences of Black students and female students in STEM fields often render Black women and girls “hidden figures” in that they have not sufficiently addressed their simultaneous racialized and gendered experiences in educational contexts. Additionally, we find that the current discourse on intersectionality is limited in that it does not attend to key psychological processes associated with identity and the intersectional experience in STEM education. We take a theoretical and methodological approach to examining intersectionality in STEM education and provide a new interpretation of the literature on Black women and girls in this social context. A synthesis of ( N = 60) research studies revealed that (1) identity; (2) STEM interest, confidence, and persistence; (3) achievement, ability perceptions, and attributions; and (4) socializers and support systems are key themes within the experiences of Black women and girls in STEM education. Our analysis also highlights the ways that researchers have employed intersectionality to make the experiences of Black women and girls in STEM education more visible, or “unhidden.” We discuss these findings from a psychological perspective and provide insights to guide future research and practice directions in STEM education.
Is the “First-Generation Student” Term Useful for Understanding Inequality? The Role of Intersectionality in Illuminating the Implications of an Accepted—Yet Unchallenged—Term
Authors: Nguyen Thai-Huy , Nguyen Bach Mai Dolly
Published: April 2018

First-generation students (FGSs) have received a great deal of attention in education research, practice, and policy. The difficulty of understanding and subsequently addressing the various and persistent configurations of inequality associated with FGSs lies with the complicated yet obscure state of the FGS term itself. Leaving the term unquestioned limits the capacity to grasp how these students’ backgrounds and identities shape their decisions and relationships to others and to institutions, and risks reproducing the very inequality that education researchers wish to mitigate. This chapter begins to resolve these conflicts by offering a critical analysis and discussion—grounded by the concept of intersectionality—of the empirical literature on FGSs. We identify and discuss the dominant and problematic manner in which the FGS term has been operationalized in research and discuss the implications of their findings. We end with a discussion on emerging topics that extends the consideration of research on FGSs beyond the imaginary, traditional boundaries of college campuses.
(Re)Centering Quality in Early Childhood Education: Toward Intersectional Justice for Minoritized Children
Authors: Souto-Manning Mariana , Rabadi-Raol Ayesha
Published: April 2018

In this chapter, we offer a critical intersectional analysis of quality in early childhood education with the aim of moving away from a singular understanding of “best practice,” thereby interrupting the inequities such a concept fosters. While acknowledging how injustices are intersectionally constructed, we specifically identified critical race theory as a counterstory to White supremacy, culturally relevant and sustaining pedagogies as counterstories to monocultural teaching practices grounded in deficit and inferiority paradigms, and translanguaging as a counterstory to the (over)privileging of dominant American English monolingualism. While each of these counterstories forefronts one particular dimension of oppression, together they account for multiple, intersecting systems of oppressions; combined, they expand the cartography of early childhood education and serve to (re)center the definition of quality on the lives, experiences, voices, and values of multiply minoritized young children, families, and communities. Rejecting oppressive and reductionist notions of quality, through the use of re-mediation, this article offers design principles for intersectionally just early childhood education with the potential to transform the architecture of quality.
Considerações sobre o desenvolvimento no Governo Vargas: industrialização e universidades, construção estatal da rota para o agronegócio
Authors: Chiappin José Raymundo Novaes
Published: April 2018

O artigo tem por escopo fazer algumas considerações sobre o desenvolvimento econômico no governo Vargas e seus potenciais modelos, o de Hamilton, para a transformação do país de agrícola em sociedade industrializada. Consideramos que o modelo de desenvolvimento pode ser pensado como formado de um conjunto de mecanismos de feedback produzindo algumas vezes círculos viciosos cumulativos, outras vezes círculos virtuosos. É assim que entendemos o modelo econômico da primeira república e sua passagem para o modelo do governo Vargas, de um mecanismo de círculo vicioso para um de círculo virtuoso. Além disso, consideramos que as constituições e legislações são as principais causas desses mecanismos. Eventualmente esse modelo de mecanismos dá origem a uma nova concepção de história próxima daquela da evolução por fitness landscapes.
ANALISIS TEMUAN BADAN PEMERIKSA KEUANGAN ATAS PENERIMAAN NEGARA BUKAN PAJAK KEMENTERIAN/LEMBAGA
Authors: Dinarjito Agung
Published: April 2018

Laporan Hasil Pemeriksaan Atas Kepatuhan Terhadap Peraturan Perundangan yang dilakukan oleh Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan selalu menunjukkan permasalahan pengelolaan Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak (PNBP). Temuan berulang selalu didapatkan dalam pemeriksaan Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Pusat dari tahun 2013, 2014 dan 2015.  Kebutuhan pengelolaan PNBP yang optimal saat ini mutlak dibutuhkan dalam membantu negara membiayai seluruh kegiatan pemerintahan yang tidak cukup didanai dengan penerimaan perpajakan dan hibah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan yang sering muncul dalam pengelolaan PNBP yang selalu menjadi temuan Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK).  Selain itu, penelitian ini juga akan membahas rekomendasi yang dapat digunakan untuk menghindari temuan berulang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada beberapa penyebab permasalahan PNBP seperti terlambat/belum disetor ke kas negara, PNBP kurang/tidak dipungut, memungut tanpa dasar hukum dan digunakan langsung, memungut dengan dasar hukum dan digunakan langsung, dan permasalahan lainnya.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KEPENTINGAN DAN TINGKAT KEPUASAN UNIT KERJA ATAS KINERJA PEGAWAI PELAKSANA KEMENTERIAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Prabowo Sakti
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kepentingan dan tingkat kepuasan unit kerja atas kinerja pegawai pelaksana yang bekerja dalam masing-masing unit tersebut di Kementerian Keuangan. Tingkat kepuasan atas kinerja pegawai harusnya sesuai dengan tingkat kepentingannya, sehingga tercapai efisiensi kerja unit organisasi di Kementerian Keuangan. Berdasarkan variabel Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan dan Sikap Perilaku yang terdefinisi dalam penelitian ini, Performance Importance Analysis digunakan untuk membandingkan tingkat kepuasan dengan tingkat kepentingannya. Hasil yang diperoleh, secara umum tingkat kepuasan unit kerja sudah selaras dengan  tingkat kepentingannya. Namun demikian  secara umum, tingkat kepuasan masih berada dibawah tingkat kepentingan. Lebih lanjut terdapat bebrapa variabel yang perlu mendapat perhatian lebih besar udalam peningkatan tingkat kepuasan.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN KAWASAN TANPA ASAP ROKOK DI KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Winengan Winengan
Published: April 2018

Merokok merupakan salah satu kebiasaan buruk masyarakat, yang jumlah konsumennya terus mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Munculnya berbagai masalah kesehatan yang menjangkiti masyarakat akibat kebiasaan merokok, akhirnya mengharuskan Pemerintah Kota Mataram mengeluarkan kebijakan kawasan tanpa rokok, yang diformulasikan dalam bentuk Peraturan Daerah No. 4 Tahun 2013, dalam rangka pembangunan kesehatan masyarakat dan lingkungan. Bertolak dari tujuan kebijakan ini, penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengkaji implementasinya. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan teknik penentuan informannya menggunakan porposive sampling. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, wawancara, dan observasi. Selanjutnya, untuk analisis data menggunakan interaktive model, dan uji keabsahan data menggunakan kriteria kredibilitas data. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan kawasan tanpa asap rokok di Kota Mataram tidak berjalan dengan baik, karena beberapa ketentuan dalam kebijakan tersebut, dalam faktanya di lapangan tidak dilakukan, sehingga masih terlihat banyak masyarakat yang merokok sembarangan. Sedangkan beberapa faktor kendalanya, yaitu kurangnya sosialisasi, kurangnya komitmen pelaksana kebijakan, kurangnya kepatuhan masyarakat, dan tidak ditegakkannya aturan sanksi yang telah ditetapkan. Oleh karena itu, perlu ada peningkatan pengawasan dan kinerja pelaku kebijakan, agar memiliki komitmen untuk mengimplementasikan kebijakan tersebut.
IMPLEMENTASI PENYELENGGARAAN PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH DALAM URUSAN PEMERINTAHAN PADA RPJMD KABUPATEN BANDUNG TAHUN 2010-2015
Authors: Afandi Muhamad Nur
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyelenggaraan urusan pemerintahan daerah Kabupaten Bandung dalam Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah tahun 2010-2015. Meotde yang digunakan dalam peneltian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriftif kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi dan studi dokumen.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa urusan pemerintahan daerah yang dilaksanakan oleh Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Bandung berdasarkan Undang-Undang 32 tahun 2004 tentang pemerintahan daerah yaitu terdapat 26 rusan wajib dan 8 urusan pilihan. Hasil analisis terdapat 14 urusan wajib yang dalam masa periode 2011-2014 mengalami peningkatan dalam realisasi capaian kinerja untuk implementasi belanja langsung dan terdapat 12 urusan wajib yang selama masa periode 2011-2014 mengalami penurunan dalam realisasi capaian kinerja. Urusan pemerintahan yang berkaitan dengan urusan pilihan terdapat 3 urusan pilihan yang mengalami peningkatan pada masa periode 2011-2014 dan terdapat 5 urusan yang mengalami penurunan yang berkaitan dengan realisasi capaian kinerja. Adapun rekomendasi yang dapat dilaksanakan adalah perlu melakukan evaluasi terhadap SDM, kelembagaan dan penguatan organisasi agar pelaksanaan urusan pemerintahan pada masa yang akan datang lebih baik.
REVOLUSI KARAKTER DAN BUDAYA KERJA APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA (ASN) MELALUI PENGUATAN DIMENSI RELIGIUSITAS
Authors: Supriatna Yayat
Published: April 2018

Karakter dan budaya kerja ASN sedang mengalami degradasi berkelanjutan. Perlu sebuah upaya revolutif untuk mengubahnya. Upaya revolutif dianggap sebagai suatu cara paling tepat untuk menjawab segala persoalan yang berkaitan dengan ASN saat ini. Upaya tersebut merupakan salah satu bagian dari pengejawantahan Nawacita Bangsa yaitu melakukan revolusi karakter bangsa. Revolusi karakter ASN berarti perubahan radikal dalam cara berfikir dan merasa yang diterjemahkan dalam perilaku dan tindakan nyata, baik perilaku politik, ekonomi, pendidikan, sosial kemasyarakatan, maupun perilaku kerja dalam menjalankan tugas, fungsi dan kewenangannya. Revolusi ini berpijak pada perubahan mindset sebagai syarat untuk adanya perubahan cultureset. Revolusi budaya kerja ASN merupakan perubahan positif radikal terhadap pemahaman, sikap dan perilaku yang diterapkan oleh ASN ketika melaksanakan pekerjaan dalam suatu institusi. Karakter erat kaitannya dengan budaya kerja. Keduanya saling berkaitan dan saling mempengaruhi satu sama lain. Pernyataan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa revolusi karakter dan budaya kerja dapat terwujud melalui penguatan dimensi religiusitas yang ada dan tumbuh pada setiap diri ASN. Penelitian ini memakai pendekatan qualitative-descriptive research dengan teknik pengumpulan data studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penguatan religiusitas mencakup seluruh penguatan terhadap dimensi keagamaan pada diri manusia yang meliputi keyakinan (belief), praktik (practice), perasaan atau penghayatan (feeling), pengalaman (experience), pengetahuan (knowledge), dan dampak (effects). Pendekatan untuk merevolusi karakter dan budaya kerja ASN melalui: pertama, pembangunan budaya religius pada diri ASN dan pada sistem kerja institusinya; kedua, internalisasi nilai-nilai religiusitas pada diri ASN dengan cara keteladanan (modelling), studi kasus (problem based learning), dan penguatan nilai (values strengthening).
Occlusion rates of intracranial aneurysms treated with the Pipeline embolization device: the role of branches arising from the sac
Authors: Trivelato Felipe Padovani , Salles Rezende Marco Túlio , Ulhôa Alexandre Cordeiro , Henrique de Castro-Afonso Luis , Nakiri Guilherme Seizem , Abud Daniel Giansante
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and angiographic outcomes of intracranial aneurysms with and without branches arising from the sac after Pipeline embolization device (PED) treatment.

METHODS

This retrospective 2-center comparative study included 116 patients with 157 aneurysms that were treated with PEDs. Aneurysms were divided into 2 groups: one group had branches arising from the sac and the other group did not. Study end points included total aneurysm occlusion assessed by angiography at 6 and 12 months, death or stroke, technical complications, in-stent stenosis, patency of covered branches, and transient ischemia.

RESULTS

One hundred fifty-one aneurysms (96%) were located in the internal carotid artery. A branch arising from the sac was observed in 26 aneurysms. Complete occlusion was found in 120 of 156 aneurysms at 6 months (76.92% [95% CI 69.71%–82.84%]) and in 136 of 155 aneurysms at 12 months (87.74% [95% CI 81.28%–92.27%]). Total occlusion was more frequently observed in the group without a branch arising from the sac (84% vs 40% at 6 months, p < 0.001; 93.10% vs 60% at 1 year, p < 0.001). There were 4 (3.45% [95% CI 1.11%–9.12%]) cases of death or major stroke. Amaurosis fugax occurred in 3 patients. One patient experienced worsening of mass effect after treatment. No occlusion of branches arising from the aneurysm was observed. In-stent stenosis greater than 50% was observed in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONS

Aneurysms treated with PEDs are less likely to be totally occluded if they have a branch arising from the sac than are aneurysms without these branches.
Reliability of MRI for predicting characteristics of neurovascular conflicts in trigeminal neuralgia: implications for surgical decision making
Authors: Brînzeu Andrei , Drogba Landry , Sindou Marc
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE

The choice of microvascular decompression (MVD), among the several other surgical options, for treating refractory classical trigeminal neuralgia (TN) relies mostly on preoperative imaging, but the degree of reliability of MRI remains a matter of debate. The authors approached the question of predictability of neurovascular conflict (NVC) in a series of 100 protocolized MRI studies from patients with TN who underwent MVD, by reexamination of MR images, blinded to the clinical data and surgical findings, including the side of the neuralgia.

METHODS

Patients included in the study were those who underwent MVD after surgical indication had been determined based on a protocolized imagery workup (3D high-resolution T2-weighted cisternography centered on the trigeminal nerve, 3D time-of-flight angiography, and 3D gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted imaging) performed at our institution. All MR images were blindly reexamined, and neurovascular relationships were described on both sides, noting the existence of compression, vessels involved, situation along the root, and degree of compression. The results of MRI evaluation were then compared with actual surgical findings. The extent of agreement and quality of the prediction were expressed with Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) statistics.

RESULTS

A conflict had actually been found during surgery in 94 of 100 patients. The sensitivity of MRI to detect a conflict was 97% and the specificity was 50%. Vessel type was identified with high reliability (κ = 0.80), while the grade of the conflict and its situation along the root showed poor to average reliability (κ = 0.38 and κ = 0.40, respectively). The area under the ROC curve for predicting the presence of a conflict according to the grades of conflict seen on MRI was 0.93, which is considered very good. The positive predictive value was differentiated according to the grade of conflict, with a very high value for high grades of vascular conflict.

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows an overall good reliability of MRI to predict the existence of an NVC. The prediction value is excellent for high grades of compression. Some apparent low-grade compressions on MRI may be revealed as false positives in surgical exploration. This raises the question of what other imaging methods might be used to determine not only the existence of a conflict but also its degree of compression. The degree of compression is of paramount importance to predict the probability of long-term pain relief, and therefore in the decision to propose MVD as the first choice of surgical treatment.
Surgical decision-making in the management of childhood tumors of the CNS disseminated at presentation
Authors: Kirkman Matthew A. , Hayward Richard , Phipps Kim , Aquilina Kristian
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE

It is relatively unusual for pediatric CNS tumors to be disseminated at presentation, and the literature on the clinical features, management, and outcomes of this specific group is scarce. Surgical management in this population is often challenging, particularly in the presence of hydrocephalus. The authors present their recent experience of treating pediatric CNS tumors that were disseminated at presentation, and they compare these lesions with focal tumors.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data on children presenting to a tertiary center between 2003 and 2016 inclusive.

RESULTS

Of 361 children with CNS tumors, the authors identified 53 patients with disease dissemination at presentation (male/female ratio 34:19, median age 3.8 years, age range 7 days to 15.6 years) and 308 without dissemination at presentation (male/female ratio 161:147, median age 5.8 years, age range 1 day to 16.9 years). Five tumor groups were studied: medulloblastoma (disseminated n = 29, focal n = 74), other primitive neuroectodermal tumor (n = 8, n = 17), atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (n = 8, n = 22), pilocytic astrocytoma (n = 6, n = 138), and ependymoma (n = 2, n = 57). The median follow-up duration in survivors was not significantly different between those with disease dissemination at presentation (64.0 months, range 5.2–152.0 months) and those without it (74.5 months, range 4.7–170.1 months) (p > 0.05). When combining data from all 5 tumor groups, dissemination status at presentation was significantly associated with a higher risk of requiring CSF diversion, a higher surgical complication rate, and a reduced likelihood of achieving gross-total resection of the targeted lesion (all variables p < 0.05). Differences between the 5 tumor groups were evident. No factors that predicted the need for permanent CSF diversion following temporary external ventricular drainage were identified on multivariate analysis, and there was no clear superiority of either ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery or endoscopic third ventriculostomy as a permanent CSF diversion procedure.

CONCLUSIONS

Tumor type and dissemination status at initial presentation significantly affect outcomes across a range of measures. The management of hydrocephalus in patients with CNS tumors is challenging, and further prospective studies are required to identify the optimal CSF diversion strategy in this population.
Interaction of British Anti-Lewisite (BAL) with Copper(I) and Copper(II) compounds in conjunction with Wilson’s disease
Authors: Ioannou Panayiotis V. , Purchase Rupert
Published: April 2018

The chemistry of British Anti-Lewisite (BAL) and copper in relation to the therapeutic action for the treatment of Wilson’s disease was studied by reacting selected Cu(I) and Cu(II) compounds with a range of thiol compounds. Optimum conditions for the preparation of cuprous mercaptides, CuI–SR, from thiophenol, 3-mercapto-1,2-propanediol (MPDH), cysteine (CysH), and glutathione (GSH), were established. BAL displaced Cu(I) from CuI–MPD giving CuI2–BAL irrespective of stoichiometry, while from CuI–cys and CuI–SG, Cu–BAL were obtained. BAL passivated CuI–SPh. The direct reaction of BAL with either Cu(II) or Cu(I) gave insoluble amorphous solids assumed to be CuI2-(oxidized dimeric BAL) or CuI2–BAL, respectively, that could not be completely analyzed or solubilized under various conditions. Thus, the detection of elevated copper in the urine of Wilson’s disease patients treated with BAL may not be directly due to the solubilization of endogenous copper by BAL. Cuprous mercaptides are easily autoxidized by attack of O2 to CuI to give CuII probably as peroxo complexes.
Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography: Clinical Usefulness
Authors: Khan HI Lutfur Rahman
Published: April 2018

Abstract not availableCardiovasc. j. 2018; 10(2): 111-112
Association of TIMI Risk Score with Angiographic Severity of Coronary Artery Diseases and In-Hospital Outcome in Patient with STEMI Undergoing Primary PCI
Authors: Howlader Anup Kumar , Rahman Afzalur , Momen Abdul , Kundu Samir Kumar , Siddiqui Mohammad Khalilur Rahman , Roy Sharadindu Shekhar , Kawsar ABM Riaz , Dutta Bijoy
Published: April 2018

Background: The Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score was developed as a bedside tool to stratify STEMI patients eligible for reperfusion by their mortality risk. The TIMI risk score has shown to provide good discrimination in predicting mortality at 30 days and even up to 365 days.Methods: By purposive sampling a total of 64 consecutive patients were considered. Coronary artery disease severity was assessed by Vessels Score. The in-hospital adverse outcomes looked for were heart failure, cardiogenic shock, ventricular arrhythmia, re-infarction, stroke and death. Study subject was divided into two groups on the basis of TIMI risk score. In group I - patients with low TIMI risk score (0- 4); in group II - Patients with high TIMI risk score (≥5).Results: Multi vessel involvement were less in low TIMI group 1 (3.1%) but much greater (p<0.05) in high TIMI group 9 (28.1%). Adverse outcome was present 10(31.3%) in high TIMI group and 2(6.3%) in low TIMI group (p=0.01).Conclusion: High TIMI risk score was associated with more adverse in hospital outcome in patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI. This study also demonstrated that the TIMI risk score carried a significant positive correlation with the coronary artery disease severity.Cardiovasc. j. 2018; 10(2): 135-139
Evaluation of Body Mass Index as a Factor of Outcome in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Alam Mohammad Jahangir , Ahmed Imran , Begum Razia , Jamil Kazi Al Hosne , Moinuddin Shahriar
Published: April 2018

Background: Obesity is supposed to be a risk factor for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) increasing risk of in-hospital mortality and postoperative morbidity. So, this study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of CABG in obese patients in Bangladesh.Methods: This prospective clinical trial was undertaken in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2015 to December 2016. A total of 60 consecutive patients were selected for CABG operation and their outcome measured against pre-set variables. Body mass index (BMI) 25kg/m2was considered as cut off value between obese and non-obese patients.Results: Mortality after CABG surgery was 9.5% in obese group and 10.3% in non-obese group (p= 0.976) showing no significant difference but average hospital stay was more in obese group (10.2 + 25 days) than non-obese group (8.3 +3.7 days), p=0.489. Sternal would infection (50.0% &8.69%) and conduit harvest site infection (35.7% &4.34%) is also more in obese group but not significant statistically (p= 0.064 & 0.084 respectively).Conclusion: Patients with a BMI higher than normal are not at greater risk of in-hospital mortality after CABG. But obese patients should be more cared in post operative period for sternal and conduit harvest site infection as infection is more in obese patients.Cardiovasc. j. 2018; 10(2): 150-157
“In looks you resemble exactly one of the daughters of Cadmus” (Euripides, Bacchae, 917). The disguise of Pentheus in Bacchae and in “visual elements”
Authors: Mimidou Evangelia
Published: April 2018

Dans les Bacchantes, Dionysos fait référence à la nécessité de déguiser Penthée en femme afin d’être en mesure de s’approcher du territoire des Ménades sans être remarqué. En particulier, le dieu le pousse à porter un long vêtement de lin et une peau de faon ainsi qu’à tenir un thyrse. En plus, ses cheveux doivent être féminins aussi, c’est-à-dire consister en une longue tresse et une coiffe. Parmi les éléments vestimentaires mentionnés ci-dessus, la coiffe a été identifiée sur un vase peint attique et le long vêtement de Penthée sur deux autres «éléments visuels » (un vase peint sub-italien et un ciste de bronze de Préneste). Après un examen complet, le résultat qui est apparu est que le type iconographique qui prédomine pour la tenue de Penthée dans les peintures de vase de l’époque classique et dans les oeuvres des périodes hellénistique et romaine est le suivant : le jeune homme avec la chlamyde (manteau court).
El gramático Pompeyo y el legado sintáctico de Servio
Authors: Magallón García Ana-Isabel
Published: April 2018

El Comentarium artis Donati escrito por el gramático Pompeyo es el tratado que con mayor fidelidad recoge la doctrina de Servio en materia de sintaxis, especialmente en lo concerniente a la regencia nominal y verbal. Sin embargo, un examen detenido de los textos permiten valorar la aportación personal de Pompeyo en el uso de ciertos términos metalingüísticos comunes, tales como elocutio, conexio, regere, así como un mayor detenimiento en la descripción del octavus casus.