bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yogurt Products Fortified with Microwave-Extracted Peach Polyphenols
Authors: Theocharidou Athina , Psomas Evdoxios , Koliouskas Antonios , Ritzoulis Christos
Published: March 2023

Pectin and polyphenols have been obtained from choice peach flesh using microwave extraction, with the resulting extracts used in functionalizing strained yogurt gels. A Box-Behnken design was utilized in order to co-optimize the extraction process. Soluble solid content, total phenolic content, and particle size distributions were measured in the extracts. Extraction at pH 1 yielded the highest phenolic content, while increases in the liquid-to-solid ratio resulted in a decrease in soluble solids and an increase in particle diameter. Selected extracts were then incorporated into strained yogurt, and the resulting gel products were assessed for color and texture over a two-week period. All samples were darker and had more red tones than the control set yogurt, while exhibiting less yellow tones. The cohesiveness of all samples remained stable over the gels’ aging of two weeks (break-up times always remaining within 6 s and 9 s), which is close to the expected shelf-life of such products. The work required for the deformation of most samples increases with time, indicating that the products became firmer due to the macromolecular rearrangements in the gel matrix. The extracts obtained with the highest microwave power (700 W) give less firm samples. This was due to the microwave-induced loss of conformation and self-assembly of the extracted pectins. The hardness of all samples increased over time, gaining from 20 to 50% of the initial hardness due to the rearrangement of the pectin and yogurt proteins over time. The products with pectin extracted at 700 W were again exceptions, losing hardness or remaining stable after some time. Overall, this work combines the sourcing of polyphenols and pectin from choice fruit; it uses MAE for isolating the materials of interest; it mechanically examines the resulting gels; and it performs all the above under a specifically-set experimental design aiming towards optimizing the overall process.
Investigation of Polymer Gel Reinforced by Oxygen Scavengers and Nano-SiO2 for Flue Gas Flooding Reservoir
Authors: Qiao Wenli , Zhang Guicai , Jiang Ping , Pei Haihua
Published: March 2023

Polymer gel plugging is an effective technique for gas mobility control in flue gas flooding reservoirs. However, the performance of polymer gels is extremely susceptible to the injected flue gas. A reinforced chromium acetate/partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) gel, using thiourea as the oxygen scavenger and nano-SiO2 as the stabilizer, was formulated. The related properties were evaluated systematically, including gelation time, gel strength, and long-term stability. The results indicated that the degradation of polymers was effectively suppressed by oxygen scavengers and nano-SiO2. The gel strength would be increased by 40% and the gel kept desirable stability after aging for 180 days at elevated flue gas pressures. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis and Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM) revealed that nano-SiO2 was adsorbed on polymer chains by hydrogen bonding, which improved the homogeneity of gel structure and thus enhanced the gel strength. Besides, the compression resistance of gels was studied by creep and creep recovery tests. The failure stress of gel with the addition of thiourea and nanoparticles could reach up to 35 Pa. The gel retained a robust structure despite extensive deformation. Moreover, the flow experiment indicated that the plugging rate of reinforced gel still maintained up to 93% after flue gas flooding. It is concluded that the reinforced gel is applicable for flue gas flooding reservoirs.
Redox-Based Strategies against Infections by Eukaryotic Pathogens
Authors: Vallières Cindy , Golinelli-Cohen Marie-Pierre , Guittet Olivier , Lepoivre Michel , Huang Meng-Er , Vernis Laurence
Published: March 2023

Redox homeostasis is an equilibrium between reducing and oxidizing reactions within cells. It is an essential, dynamic process, which allows proper cellular reactions and regulates biological responses. Unbalanced redox homeostasis is the hallmark of many diseases, including cancer or inflammatory responses, and can eventually lead to cell death. Specifically, disrupting redox balance, essentially by increasing pro-oxidative molecules and favouring hyperoxidation, is a smart strategy to eliminate cells and has been used for cancer treatment, for example. Selectivity between cancer and normal cells thus appears crucial to avoid toxicity as much as possible. Redox-based approaches are also employed in the case of infectious diseases to tackle the pathogens specifically, with limited impacts on host cells. In this review, we focus on recent advances in redox-based strategies to fight eukaryotic pathogens, especially fungi and eukaryotic parasites. We report molecules recently described for causing or being associated with compromising redox homeostasis in pathogens and discuss therapeutic possibilities.
Children with Early-Onset Psychosis Have Increased Burden of Rare GRIN2A Variants
Authors: Hojlo Margaret A. , Ghebrelul Merhawi , Genetti Casie A. , Smith Richard , Rockowitz Shira , Deaso Emma , Beggs Alan H. , Agrawal Pankaj B. , Glahn David C. , Gonzalez-Heydrich Joseph , Brownstein Catherine A.
Published: March 2023

Background: Children and adolescents with early-onset psychosis (EOP) have more rare genetic variants than individuals with adult-onset forms of the illness, implying that fewer EOP participants are needed for genetic discovery. The Schizophrenia Exome Sequencing Meta-analysis (SCHEMA) study predicted that 10 genes with ultra-rare variation were linked to adult-onset schizophrenia. We hypothesized that rare variants predicted “High” and “Moderate” by the Variant Effect Predictor Algorithm (abbreviated as VEPHMI) in these 10 genes would be enriched in our EOP cohort. Methods: We compared rare VEPHMI variants in individuals with EOP (N = 34) with race- and sex-matched controls (N = 34) using the sequence kernel association test (SKAT). Results: GRIN2A variants were significantly increased in the EOP cohort (p = 0.004), with seven individuals (20% of the EOP cohort) carrying a rare VEPHMI variant. The EOP cohort was then compared to three additional control cohorts. GRIN2A variants were significantly increased in the EOP cohort for two of the additional control sets (p = 0.02 and p = 0.02), and trending towards significance for the third (p = 0.06). Conclusion: Despite a small sample size, GRIN2A VEPHMI variant burden was increased in a cohort of individuals with EOP in comparison to controls. GRIN2A variants have been associated with a range of neuropsychiatric disorders including adult-onset psychotic spectrum disorder and childhood-onset schizophrenia. This study supports the role of GRIN2A in EOP and emphasizes its role in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Correlation between Dietary Intake of Vitamins and Oral Health Behaviors: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ariizumi Moeka , Izumi Maya , Akifusa Sumio
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to investigate whether oral health behaviors were related to the dietary intake of vitamins. In this cross-sectional study, we included respondents of the 2016 national health and nutrition examination survey, and dental diseases from Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, findings of blood tests related to metabolic syndrome, dietary intake, oral health status, and behaviors were collected. Participants were divided into two groups based on their oral health behavior: the yes group (performed interdental cleaning or tongue brushing) and the no group (did not perform the behaviors). The study included 218 participants (male: 107, female: 111) aged 64.5 (range, 22–93) years. There were 133 (61.0%) and 85 (39.0%) participants in the yes and no groups, respectively. The daily intake of vitamins A, B2, B6, E, and K, folic acid, and niacin in the yes group was significantly higher than that in the no group. Oral health behavior correlated with the intake of vitamin B2 (p = 0.029), folic acid (p = 0.006), and vitamin K (p = 0.043) after adjusting for possible confounders. Oral health behavior (interdental cleaning or tongue brushing) correlated with the daily intake of vitamins B2, K, and folic acid.
Family Bonds with Pets and Mental Health during COVID-19 in Australia: A Complex Picture
Authors: Bennetts Shannon K. , Howell Tiffani , Crawford Sharinne , Burgemeister Fiona , Burke Kylie , Nicholson Jan M.
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn attention to the health-promoting features of human-animal relationships, particularly for families with children. Despite this, the World Health Organization’s (1986) Ottawa Charter remains human-centric. Given the reciprocal health impacts of human-animal relationships, this paper aims to (i) describe perceived pet-related benefits, worries, and family activities; and to (ii) examine differences in perceived benefits, worries, and activities for parents and children with and without clinical mental health symptoms. We recruited 1034 Australian parents with a child < 18 years and a cat or dog via a national online survey between July and October 2020. Most parents reported their pet was helpful for their own (78%) and their child’s mental health (80%). Adjusted logistic regression revealed parents with clinical psychological distress were 2.5 times more likely to be worried about their pet’s care, well-being, and behaviour (OR = 2.56, p < 0.001). Clinically anxious children were almost twice as likely to live in a family who engages frequently in pet-related activities (e.g., cooked treats, taught tricks, OR = 1.82, p < 0.01). Mental health and perceived benefits of having a pet were not strongly associated. Data support re-framing the Ottawa Charter to encompass human-animal relationships, which is an often-neglected aspect of a socioecological approach to health.
The Importance of a Distance between the Lines Encircling Pulmonary Veins in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation on First-Pass Isolation Ratio and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Krzyżanowski Krystian , Kiliszek Marek , Uziębło-Życzkowska Beata , Smalc-Stasiak Magdalena , Winkler Aleksandra , Krzesiński Paweł
Published: March 2023

Introduction: How wide the encircling line is made may influence the outcomes of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). In the present study we hypothesised that the distance between the lines encircling the pulmonary veins may correspond with the extent of wide antral circumferential ablation (WACA). The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the distance and the area between the lines on the posterior wall of the left atrium on first-pass isolation rate and 12-month freedom from atrial arrhythmia in patients undergoing PVI ablation. Methods and results: One hundred sixteen patients underwent circumferential ablation index (AI)-guided PVI. The distance between the encircling ablation lines was measured off-line between the uppermost points (right and left) and the lowest points and as the area between the encircling lines on the posterior wall. The first-pass isolation rate and 12-month freedom from atrial arrhythmia were 59% and 73%, respectively. Distance between the encircling lines measured linearly or as the area of the posterior wall, assessed as direct values or indexed to left atrial dimensions, did not differ between patients with and without first-pass isolation or between patients with and without recurrences of atrial arrhythmia. Conclusions: The distance between the ablation lines did not influence the rate of first-pass isolation and arrhythmia recurrence in the long-term follow-up after PVI procedures incorporating the ablation index protocol.
The Impact of Mode of Birth, and Episiotomy, on Postpartum Sexual Function in the Medium- and Longer-Term: An Integrative Systematic Review
Authors: Fanshawe Anne-Marie , De Jonge Ank , Ginter Nicole , Takács Lea , Dahlen Hannah G. , Swertz Morris A. , Peters Lilian L.
Published: March 2023

(1) Background: Sexual function can be affected up to and beyond 18 months postpartum, with some studies suggesting that spontaneous vaginal birth results in less sexual dysfunction. This review examined the impact of mode of birth on sexual function in the medium- (≥6 months and <12 months postpartum) and longer-term (≥12 months postpartum). (2) Methods: Literature published after January 2000 were identified in PubMed, Embase and CINAHL. Studies that compared at least two modes of birth and used valid sexual function measures were included. Systematic reviews, unpublished articles, protocols and articles not written in English were excluded. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. (3) Results: In the medium-term, assisted vaginal birth and vaginal birth with episiotomy were associated with worse sexual function, compared to caesarean section. In the longer-term, assisted vaginal birth was associated with worse sexual function, compared with spontaneous vaginal birth and caesarean section; and planned caesarean section was associated with worse sexual function in several domains, compared to spontaneous vaginal birth. (4) Conclusions: Sexual function, in the medium- and longer-term, can be affected by mode of birth. Women should be encouraged to seek support should their sexual function be affected after birth.
NHANES 2011–2014 Reveals Decreased Cognitive Performance in U.S. Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome Combinations
Authors: Díaz-Camargo Edgar , Hernández-Lalinde Juan , Sánchez-Rubio María , Chaparro-Suárez Yudy , Álvarez-Caicedo Liseth , Fierro-Zarate Alexandra , Gravini-Donado Marbel , García-Pacheco Henry , Rojas-Quintero Joselyn , Bermúdez Valmore
Published: March 2023

A relationship between metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment has been evidenced across research; however, conflicting results have been observed. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 3179 adults older than 60 from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to analyze the relationship between metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment. In our results, we found that adults with abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol had 4.39 fewer points in the CERAD immediate recall test than adults without any metabolic syndrome factors [Beta = −4.39, SE = 1.32, 17.75 (1.36) vs. 22.14 (0.76)]. In addition, people with this metabolic syndrome combination exhibited 2.39 fewer points in the CERAD delayed recall test than those without metabolic syndrome criteria [Beta = −2.39, SE = 0.46, 4.32 (0.49) vs. 6.71 (0.30)]. It was also found that persons with high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and low HDL–cholesterol levels reached 4.11 points less in the animal fluency test than people with no factors [Beta = −4.11, SE = 1.55, 12.67 (2.12) vs. 16.79 (1.35)]. These findings suggest that specific metabolic syndrome combinations are essential predictors of cognitive impairment. In this study, metabolic syndrome combinations that included obesity, fasting hyperglycemia, high triglycerides, and low HDL–cholesterol were among the most frequent criteria observed.
Function of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Periodontal Tissue Homeostasis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ma Zhiyu , Wang Jinsong , Hu Lei , Wang Songlin
Published: March 2023

Periodontitis is an irreversible inflammatory response that occurs in periodontal tissues. Given the size and diversity of natural flora in the oral mucosa, host immunity must strike a balance between pathogen identification and a complicated system of tolerance. The innate immune system, which includes innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), certainly plays a crucial role in regulating this homeostasis because pathogens are quickly recognized and responded to. ILCs are a recently discovered category of tissue-resident lymphocytes that lack adaptive antigen receptors. ILCs are found in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs and are particularly prevalent at mucosal barrier surfaces, where they control inflammatory response and homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that ILCs are important players in periodontitis; however, the mechanisms that govern the innate immune response in periodontitis still require further investigation. This review focuses on the intricate crosstalk between ILCs and the microenvironment in periodontal tissue homeostasis, with the purpose of regulating or improving immune responses in periodontitis prevention and therapy.
Photobiomodulation Reduces the Cytokine Storm Syndrome Associated with COVID-19 in the Zebrafish Model
Authors: Rosa Ivana F. , Peçanha Ana P. B. , Carvalho Tábata R. B. , Alexandre Leonardo S. , Ferreira Vinícius G. , Doretto Lucas B. , Souza Beatriz M. , Nakajima Rafael T. , da Silva Patrick , Barbosa Ana P. , Gomes-de-Pontes Leticia , Bomfim Camila G. , Machado-Santelli Glaucia M. , Condino-Neto Antonio , Guzzo Cristiane R. , Peron Jean P. S. , Andrade-Silva Magaiver , Câmara Niels O. S. , Garnique Anali M. B. , Medeiros Renata J. , Ferraris Fausto K. , Barcellos Leonardo J. G. , Correia-Junior Jose D. , Galindo-Villegas Jorge , Machado Mônica F. R. , Castoldi Angela , Oliveira Susana L. , Costa Camila C. , Belo Marco A. A. , Galdino Giovane , Sgro Germán G. , Bueno Natalia F. , Eto Silas F. , Veras Flávio P. , Fernandes Bianca H. V. , Sanches Paulo R. S. , Cilli Eduardo M. , Malafaia Guilherme , Nóbrega Rafael H. , Garcez Aguinaldo S. , Carrilho Emanuel , Charlie-Silva Ives
Published: March 2023

Although the exact mechanism of the pathogenesis of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is not fully understood, oxidative stress and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been highlighted as playing a vital role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this sense, alternative treatments are needed to reduce the level of inflammation caused by COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential effect of red photobiomodulation (PBM) as an attractive therapy to downregulate the cytokine storm caused by COVID-19 in a zebrafish model. RT-qPCR analyses and protein–protein interaction prediction among SARS-CoV-2 and Danio rerio proteins showed that recombinant Spike protein (rSpike) was responsible for generating systemic inflammatory processes with significantly increased levels of pro-inflammatory (il1b, il6, tnfa, and nfkbiab), oxidative stress (romo1) and energy metabolism (slc2a1a and coa1) mRNA markers, with a pattern similar to those observed in COVID-19 cases in humans. On the other hand, PBM treatment was able to decrease the mRNA levels of these pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers compared with rSpike in various tissues, promoting an anti-inflammatory response. Conversely, PBM promotes cellular and tissue repair of injured tissues and significantly increases the survival rate of rSpike-inoculated individuals. Additionally, metabolomics analysis showed that the most-impacted metabolic pathways between PBM and the rSpike treated groups were related to steroid metabolism, immune system, and lipid metabolism. Together, our findings suggest that the inflammatory process is an incisive feature of COVID-19 and red PBM can be used as a novel therapeutic agent for COVID-19 by regulating the inflammatory response. Nevertheless, the need for more clinical trials remains, and there is a significant gap to overcome before clinical trials can commence.
Methylene Blue Induces Antioxidant Defense and Reparation of Mitochondrial DNA in a Nrf2-Dependent Manner during Cisplatin-Induced Renal Toxicity
Authors: Samoylova Natalia A. , Gureev Artem P. , Popov Vasily N.
Published: March 2023

Cisplatin is a platinum-based cytostatic drug that is widely used for cancer treatment. Mitochondria and mtDNA are important targets for platinum-based cytostatics, which mediates its nephrotoxicity. It is important to develop therapeutic approaches to protect the kidneys from cisplatin during chemotherapy. We showed that the exposure of mitochondria to cisplatin increased the level of lipid peroxidation products in the in vitro experiment. Cisplatin caused strong damage to renal mtDNA, both in the in vivo and in vitro experiments. Cisplatin injections induced oxidative stress by depleting renal antioxidants at the transcriptome level but did not increase the rate of H2O2 production in isolated mitochondria. Methylene blue, on the contrary, induced mitochondrial H2O2 production. We supposed that methylene blue-induced H2O2 production led to activation of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. The consequences of activation of this signaling pathway were manifested in an increase in the expression of some antioxidant genes, which likely caused a decrease in the amount of mtDNA damage. Methylene blue treatment induced an increase in the expression of genes that were involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway: the main pathway for mtDNA reparation. It is known that the expression of these genes can also be regulated by the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. We can assume that the protective effect of methylene blue is related to the activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways, which can activate the expression of genes related to antioxidant defense and mtDNA reparation. Thus, the protection of kidney mitochondria from cisplatin-induced damage using methylene blue can significantly expand its application in medicine.
A Cross-Sectional Survey of Pediatric Infectious Disease Physicians’ Approach to Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Hoki Chieko , White Michelle , Pesch Megan H. , Melvin Ann J. , Park Albert H.
Published: March 2023

Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) continues to be a major public health care issue due to its high prevalence throughout the world. However, there is a paucity of studies evaluating how providers manage this infection. This study surveyed North American Pediatric Infectious Disease (PID) physicians to elicit their approach towards the evaluation and treatment of this condition. Thirty-two PID physicians responded to this survey. Institutional testing and screening for cCMV were infrequently reported. The respondents in general agreed upon most laboratory and diagnostic testing except for neuroimaging. For those tests, there was a disparity in indications for head ultrasound versus brain MRI imaging. Most (68.8%) agreed with the clinical practice of starting valganciclovir in an infant less than 1 month of age with one sign or symptom of disease, and 62.5% would do so for an infant with isolated sensorineural hearing loss. However, only 28.1% would treat cCMV-infected infants older than 1 month of age. In conclusion, few healthcare institutions represented by PID physicians in this cohort had a cCMV screening or testing initiative, yet most respondents would test at a much higher level based on their clinical practice. While there is general consensus in evaluation and treatment of these children, there are disparities in practices regarding neuroimaging and indications for antiviral treatment with respect to age and severity of disease. There is a great need for an evidence based policy statement to standardize cCMV workup and treatment.
Mimicry of Tumour-Associated Carbohydrates: Is It a Promising Option for Cancer Treatment?
Authors: Segatori Valeria Inés , Ferreira Gretel Magalí , Rojo Selene , Nogueira Aylen Camila , Castillo Jeremías Omar , Gulino Cynthia Antonella , Gabri Mariano Rolando
Published: March 2023

Modulation of the immune system has been demonstrated as a powerful approach to treating cancer. Immunotherapies are generally classified as active or passive according to their ability to trigger the immune system. During the last decades, information regarding the relevance of aberrant glycosylation as a major player in tumour biology encouraged expectations for the development of new therapeutic strategies directed at glycans. Several tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) have been identified and validated as suitable immunotherapeutic targets, leading to promising therapeutic developments. It is known that TACAs are poorly immunogenic since they are unable to trigger a proper immune response. Given that they are not presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and that they induce immune tolerance, the development of active immunotherapeutic strategies against TACAs is a real challenge. However, antitumor strategies based on mimetics of TACAs have been developed and show promising results. Active immunotherapies based on TACAs mimicry can currently be grouped into strategies based on the use of mimetic peptides and anti-idiotype (Id) antibodies. In this review, we discussed the scientific basis on which these strategies are based and the available therapeutic options that have shown the best results in preclinical studies and in clinical practice.
The Potential of Fluralaner as a Bait Toxicant to Control Pest Yellowjackets in California
Authors: Rust Michael K. , Lee Chow-Yang , Park Ho Eun , Campbell Kathleen , Choe Dong-Hwan , Sorensen Mary , Sutherland Andrew , Hubble Casey , Nobua-Behrmann Beatriz , Kabashima John , Tseng Shu-Ping , Post Linda
Published: March 2023

The western yellowjacket, Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure), is an important seasonal pest of recreational and outdoor venues in the western United States. Its propensity to scavenge food increases the likelihood of stinging incidences. Control measures are limited to intensive trapping and treating subterranean nests. The only toxicant registered for baiting in the US is esfenvalerate, which is ineffective. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of the isoxazoline fluralaner as a bait toxicant. With microsatellite genotyping, a minimum of 27 different colonies were shown to forage at a single monitoring site. Some colonies disappeared after baiting, and new colonies were detected. The implications for baiting and monitoring are discussed. Minced chicken and hydrogel baits containing 0.022% and 0.045% fluralaner significantly reduced foraging yellowjackets. Several bait applications covering large areas will be necessary to provide long-term control.
Honeybees Use Multiple Invariants to Control Their Altitude
Authors: Berger Dauxère Aimie , Montagne Gilles , Serres Julien R.
Published: March 2023

How do bees perceive altitude changes so as to produce safe displacements within their environment? It has been proved that humans use invariants, but this concept remains little-known within the entomology community. The use of a single invariant, the optical speed rate of change, has been extensively demonstrated in bees in a ground-following task. Recently, it has been demonstrated that another invariant, the splay angle rate of change, could also be used by bees to adjust their altitude. This study aims to understand how bees use these invariants when they are available simultaneously. This issue has been addressed using an experimental setup providing discordant information to bees. We have shown that when the two invariants were available, bees performed ground-following tasks relying primarily on optical speed rate of change. Conversely, when optical speed rate of change was less easily accessible, splay angle rate of change was prioritized, unless the bees perceive danger. Taken together, these results illustrate how the joint use of several invariants allows bees to produce adaptive behaviors.
Low Plasma Levels of Irisin Predict Acutely Decompensated Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Berezin Alexander A. , Obradovic Anica Babic , Fushtey Ivan M. , Berezina Tetiana A , Lichtenauer Michael , Berezin Alexander E
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the discriminative value of irisin for acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with chronic HF. We included 480 T2DM patients with any phenotype of HF and followed them for 52 weeks. Hemodynamic performances and the serum levels of biomarkers were detected at the study entry. The primary clinical end-point was ADHF that led to urgent hospitalization. We found that the serum levels of N-terminal natriuretic pro-peptide (NT-proBNP) were higher (1719 [980–2457] pmol/mL vs. 1057 [570–2607] pmol/mL, respectively) and the levels of irisin were lower (4.96 [3.14–6.85] ng/mL vs. 7.95 [5.73–9.16] ng/mL) in ADHF patients than in those without ADHF. The ROC curve analysis showed that the estimated cut-off point for serum irisin levels (ADHF versus non-ADHF) was 7.85 ng/mL (area under curve [AUC] = 0.869 (95% CI = 0.800–0.937), sensitivity = 82.7%, specificity = 73.5%; p = 0.0001). The multivariate logistic regression yielded that the serum levels of irisin < 7.85 ng/mL (OR = 1.20; p = 0.001) and NT-proBNP > 1215 pmol/mL (OR = 1.18; p = 0.001) retained the predictors for ADHF. Kaplan–Meier plots showed a significant difference of clinical end-point accumulations in patients with HF depending on irisin levels (<7.85 ng/mL versus ≥7.85 ng/mL). In conclusion, we established that decreased levels of irisin were associated with ADHF presentation in chronic HF patients with T2DM independently from NT-proBNP.
The Effect of Tailored Short Message Service (SMS) on Physical Activity: Results from a Three-Component Randomized Controlled Lifestyle Intervention in Women with PCOS
Authors: Dietz de Loos Alexandra , Jiskoot Geranne , van den Berg-Emons Rita , Louwers Yvonne , Beerthuizen Annemerle , van Busschbach Jan , Laven Joop
Published: March 2023

This analysis of secondary outcome measures of a randomized controlled trial was conducted to study the effect of a one-year three-component (cognitive behavioural therapy, diet, exercise) lifestyle intervention (LSI), with or without additional Short Message Service (SMS) support, on physical activity and aerobic capacity in overweight or obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Women diagnosed with PCOS and a BMI > 25 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to LSI with SMS support (SMS+, n = 60), LSI without SMS support (SMS−, n = 63) or care as usual (CAU, n = 60) in order to lose weight. Based on results from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), we found a significant within-group increase after one year for SMS+ in the high physical activity category (+31%, p < 0.01) and sitting behaviour decreased (Δ −871 min/week, p < 0.01). Moreover, the peak cycle ergometer workload increased within SMS+ (Δ +10 watts, p < 0.01). The SMS+ group also demonstrated a significantly different increase in walking metabolic equivalent of task minutes (METmin)/week compared with CAU after one year (Δ 1106 METmin/week, p < 0.05). Apart from this increase in walking activity, no other between-group differences were found in this trial. Overall, based on within-group results, SMS support seemed to help with improving physical activity and aerobic capacity and decreasing sedentary behaviour.
Efficacy of Endodontic Disinfection Protocols in an E. faecalis Biofilm Model—Using DAPI Staining and SEM
Authors: Dede Maria , Basche Sabine , Neunzehn Jörg , Dannemann Martin , Hannig Christian , Kühne Marie-Theres
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of different disinfection protocols in a novel Enterococcus faecalis biofilm model based on a visualization method and to evaluate the potential alteration of dentinal surface. A total of 120 extracted human premolars were allocated to 6 groups with different irrigation protocols. The assessment of the effectiveness of each protocol and the alteration of dentinal surface were visualized by using SEM and fluorescence microscopy (DAPI). A dense E. faecalis biofilm with a penetration depth of 289 μm (medial part of the root canal) and 93 μm (apical part) validated that the biofilm model had been successfully implemented. A significant difference between the 3% NaOCl groups and all the other groups in both observed parts of the root canal (p < 0.05) was detected. However, the SEM analysis revealed that the dentinal surface in the 3% NaOCl groups was severely altered. The established biofilm model and the visualization method based on DAPI are appropriate for bacterial quantification and evaluation of the depth effect of different disinfection protocols in the root canal system. The combination of 3% NaOCl with 20% EDTA or MTAD with PUI allows the decontamination of deeper dentine zones within the root canal but simultaneously alters the dentinal surface.
Nanoscale Polishing Technique of Biomedical Grade NiTi Wire by Advanced MAF Process: Relationship between Surface Roughness and Bacterial Adhesion
Authors: Jang Se Rim , Suh Il Won , Heng Lida
Published: March 2023

Nitinol (NiTi), an alloy of nickel and titanium, wires are an important biomedical material that has been used in catheter tubes, guidewires, stents, and other surgical instruments. As such wires are temporarily or permanently inserted inside the human body, their surfaces need to be smoothed and cleaned in order to prevent wear, friction, and adhesion of bacteria. In this study, NiTi wire samples of micro-scale diameters (i.e., Ø 200 μm and Ø 400 μm) were polished by an advanced magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) process using a nanoscale polishing method. Furthermore, bacterial adhesion (i.e., Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)) to the initial and final surfaces of NiTi wires were investigated and compared in order to assess the impact of surface roughness on bacterial adhesion to the surfaces of NiTi wires. The finding revealed that the surfaces of NiTi wires were clean and smooth with a lack of particle impurities and toxic components on the final surface polished using the advanced MAF process. The surface roughness Ra values of the Ø 200 μm and Ø 400 μm NiTi wires were smoothly enhanced to 20 nm and 30 nm from the 140 nm and 280 nm initial surface roughness values. Importantly, polishing the surfaces of a biomedical material such as NiTi wire to nano-level roughness can significantly reduce bacterial adhesion on the surface by more than 83.48% in the case of S. aureus, while in the case of E. coli was more than 70.67%.
Vasari Scoring System in Discerning between Different Degrees of Glioma and IDH Status Prediction: A Possible Machine Learning Application?
Authors: Gemini Laura , Tortora Mario , Giordano Pasqualina , Prudente Maria Evelina , Villa Alessandro , Vargas Ottavia , Giugliano Maria Francesca , Somma Francesco , Marchello Giulia , Chiaramonte Carmela , Gaetano Marcella , Frio Federico , Di Giorgio Eugenio , D’Avino Alfredo , Tortora Fabio , D’Agostino Vincenzo , Negro Alberto
Published: March 2023

(1) The aim of our study is to evaluate the capacity of the Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images (VASARI) scoring system in discerning between the different degrees of glioma and Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) status predictions, with a possible application in machine learning. (2) A retrospective study was conducted on 126 patients with gliomas (M/F = 75/51; mean age: 55.30), from which we obtained their histological grade and molecular status. Each patient was analyzed with all 25 features of VASARI, blinded by two residents and three neuroradiologists. The interobserver agreement was assessed. A statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the distribution of the observations using a box plot and a bar plot. We then performed univariate and multivariate logistic regressions and a Wald test. We also calculated the odds ratios and confidence intervals for each variable and the evaluation matrices with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in order to identify cut-off values that are predictive of a diagnosis. Finally, we did the Pearson correlation test to see if the variables grade and IDH were correlated. (3) An excellent ICC estimate was obtained. For the grade and IDH status prediction, there were statistically significant results by evaluation of the degree of post-contrast impregnation (F4) and the percentage of impregnated area (F5), not impregnated area (F6), and necrotic (F7) tissue. These models showed good performances according to the area under the curve (AUC) values (>70%). (4) Specific MRI features can be used to predict the grade and IDH status of gliomas, with important prognostic implications. The standardization and improvement of these data (aim: AUC > 80%) can be used for programming machine learning software.
Variability of the Primary Productivity in the Yellow and Bohai Seas from 2003 to 2020 Based on the Estimate of Satellite Remote Sensing
Authors: Fu Qingjun , Yan Xiao , Hong Qingchao , Lin Lei , Zhang Yujie
Published: March 2023

Monitoring marine primary productivity (PP) is crucial for understanding changes in the marine ecosystem. Based on satellite data and the vertically generalized production model (VGPM), this study investigated the spatiotemporal distribution and long-term trend of PP in the Yellow and Bohai Seas (YBSs) from 2003 to 2020. By using the calibrated satellite data and optimized parameterization scheme, the accuracy of the PP results in the YBSs was significantly improved compared to online PP products. The annual mean PP in the YBSs from 2003 to 2020 was 523.8 mgC/(m2·d), with significant seasonal and interannual differences. Seasonally, PP in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea exhibited bimodal (two peaks in May and October) and unimodal (one peak in June) variation, respectively. The magnitude of mean PP in the YBSs was ranked as spring > summer > autumn > winter, with spring PP (~1000 mgC/(m2·d)) contributing more than 40% of the annual PP. The annual mean PP in the YBSs showed an overall decrease from 2003 to 2020, with a decrease rate of 5–6 mgC/(m2·d)/y. The interannual variation of the PP was mainly related to the variability of the chlorophyll-a concentration and was essentially inverse to the phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation.
A CFD-Based Data-Driven Reduced Order Modeling Method for Damaged Ship Motion in Waves
Authors: Sun Zhe , Sun Lu-yu , Xu Li-xin , Hu Yu-long , Zhang Gui-yong , Zong Zhi
Published: March 2023

A simple CFD-based data-driven reduced order modeling method was proposed for the study of damaged ship motion in waves. It consists of low-order modeling of the whole concerned parameter range and high-order modeling for selected key scenarios identified with the help of low-order results. The difference between the low and high-order results for the whole parameter range, where the main trend of the physics behind the problem is expected to be captured, is then modeled by some commonly used machine learning or data regression methods based on the data from key scenarios which is chosen as Piecewise Cubic Hermite Interpolating Polynomial (PCHIP) in this study. The final prediction is obtained by adding the results from the low-order model and the difference. The low and high-order modeling were conducted through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with coarse and refined meshes. Taking the roll Response Amplitude Operator (RAO) of a DTMB-5415 ship model with a damaged cabin as an example, the proposed physics-informed data-driven model was shown to have the same level of accuracy as pure high-order modeling, whilst the computational time can be reduced by 22~55% for the studied cases. This simple reduced order modeling approach is also expected to be applicable to other ship hydrodynamic problems.
A Motion Planning Method for Unmanned Surface Vehicle Based on Improved RRT Algorithm
Authors: Mao Shouqi , Yang Ping , Gao Diju , Bao Chunteng , Wang Zhenyang
Published: March 2023

Aiming at the problem that the path search rules in the traditional path planning methods are divorced from the actual maneuverability of an unmanned surface vehicle (USV), a motion planning method of state prediction rapidly exploring random tree (spRRT) is proposed. This method retains the discrete search of the original rules of RRT while adding the continuity of the motion of USV. Firstly, the state information for each movement (position, yaw angle, velocity, etc.), is calculated based on the mathematical model of USV’s motion which takes into account the complete dynamic constraints. Secondly, this information is added to the RRT path search rules to predict the state points that can be reached by the USV. Furthermore, in order to improve search efficiency and reduce cost, spRRT is enhanced by an elliptic sampling domain (spRRT-Informed). The simulation results indicate that spRRT can effectively plan smooth paths for smoothly navigating USV. The inclusion of the USV motion model has improved steering performance by an average of over 40%. Additionally, the spRRT-Informed enhanced with sampling optimization strategy improves performance by at least 10% over spRRT in terms of sailing time and distance of the path. The results of the simulation conducted in a realistic scenario validate that spRRT-Informed can be used as a reference for practical applications.
Chestnut Brown Rot and Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi: Characterization of the Causal Agent in Portugal
Authors: Possamai Guilherme , Dallemole-Giaretta Rosangela , Gomes-Laranjo José , Sampaio Ana , Rodrigues Paula
Published: March 2023

Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller) is a nutritious food with high social and economic impacts in Portugal. The fungus Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi (syn. Gnomoniopsis castaneae) is the causal agent of chestnut brown rot, and is currently considered one of the major threats to the chestnut production chain worldwide. Considering the lack of knowledge on both the disease and the causal agent in Portugal, studies were conducted in an attempt to develop the necessary control strategies towards the mitigation of the disease in a timely way. Isolates of G. smithogilvyi were selected from three varieties of chestnut from the northeast of Portugal, and were characterized at the morphological, ecophysiological and molecular levels. Tests of pathogenicity and virulence were also developed. Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi was confirmed as the causal agent of brown rot disease in Portuguese chestnut varieties, which showed high susceptibility. The fungus showed high adaptability to chestnut substrates. The Portuguese isolates of G. smithogilvyi are morphologically and genetically similar to those from other countries, even though some physiological variability was observed among them.
Neofusicoccum cryptomeriae sp. nov. and N. parvum Cause Stem Basal Canker of Cryptomeria japonica in China
Authors: Si Yuan-Zhi , Sun Jian-Wei , Wan Yu , Chen Yi-Na , He Jiao , Li Wei-Zheng , Li De-Wei , Zhu Li-Hua
Published: March 2023

Cryptomeria japonica D. Don is a coniferous tree species widely grown in southern China for its high ornamental value. Recently, during disease surveys in China, a symptom of dieback occurred on C. japonica in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 130 trees were surveyed and more than 90% showed the same symptom. The crowns of affected trees were brown when viewing from a distance, and the bark showed no difference from the healthy ones. In this study, 157 isolates were isolated from the 3 affected plants of C. japonica, and based on the living culture on PDA, the fungal isolates were preliminarily divided into 6 groups. Thirteen representative isolates were selected for the pathogenicity test, and seven of them showed obvious pathogenicity on C. japonica, causing stem basal canker. These isolates were identified based on comparisons of the DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), β-tubulin (tub2), and DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2) and combined with their morphological characteristics. Results showed that these seven isolates belong to two taxa in Neofusicoccum, including a species new to science. The new species, Neofusicoccum cryptomeriae, was hereby described and illustrated. The other species was N. parvum. Both species were pathogens of stem basal canker of Cryptomeria japonica.
Government Intervention on Cooperative Development in Poor Areas of Rural China: A Case Study of XM Beekeeping Cooperative in Sichuan
Authors: Zhang Shemei , Wu Bin , Chen Rui , Liang Jingzhi , Khan Nawab , Ray Ram L.
Published: March 2023

The relationship between government intervention and cooperative development has always been a source of controversy in the developing world. This paper aims to examine the rationale and successful conditions of government intervention to promote cooperative development in poor areas of rural China. In the context of the “targeted poverty alleviation” program (2015–2020), a government-led campaign covering all poverty-stricken villages in west China, cooperative development was listed by the central government as a criterion for evaluating successful intervention at the county government level. Accordingly, the central questions of this paper are: why is government intervention necessary to initiate a process of cooperative development in poor areas of China; and under what conditions can government intervention be successful, leading to sustainable cooperative development? Bearing in mind the complexity of government intervention with mixed results, both successful and failed, the above questions are addressed through a case study of XM Beekeeping Cooperative, representing one type of successful government intervention in poverty-stricken and ethnic-minority-dominated regions of China. Overall, government intervention is crucial in building cooperative ecosystems in poor regions of China. However, government intervention is not invariable because the approaches can be modified to accommodate the effect of the intervention.
Zoning for Spatial Conservation and Restoration Based on Ecosystem Services in Highly Urbanized Region: A Case Study in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, China
Authors: Zhou Wen , Xi Yantao , Zhai Liang , Li Cheng , Li Jingyang , Hou Wei
Published: March 2023

Ecosystem services are highly affected by human activities, especially in the fast-urbanizing regions. It is important that the regional development or urbanization strategy be implemented by maintaining or protecting the long-term provision ability of multiple ecosystem services. The spatial pattern of ecosystem services and zoning for spatial conservation and restoration are the preconditions of sustainable development. With the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region as the research area, an approach for spatial zoning was proposed on the basis of the modeling results of key ecosystem services (water retention, soil retention, heat mitigation, and carbon storage). Our results show that the hot spots of ecosystem services are mainly in the north and the west at high altitudes and with large vegetation coverage, while the cold spots are mainly in the plain area of the southeast in the BTH region. In addition, the whole region is divided into five ecological zones: the ecological restoration zone, ecological transition zone, coastal ecological protection zone, soil and water retention zone, and ecological security shelter. Each zone has applied different strategies for ecological restoration and conservation. The results represent the spatial heterogeneity and major functions in different zones, and they can provide planning guidance for supporting the coordinated development of the BTH region.