bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pain and its Management in Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Long Yi , Jiang Zhengying , Wu Guixin
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Pain is common in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and is associated with the disease severity and outcomes. The management of pain in SAP may not only relieve pain but also improve outcomes. However, pancreatic pain in SAP involves several complicated mechanisms. Poor understanding about the pain mechanism in SAP and lack of enough high-quality data on pharmacological and nonpharmacological intervention lead to a limited analgesia strategy in patients with SAP mainly managed using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids. This makes pain management in SAP challenging and may cause potential harm. This article reviewed the current management of pain in SAP by combining pain mechanisms with animal or clinical studies and proposed an analgesic ladder based on available evidence to improve pain management in patients with SAP.
Advantages, disadvantages and methods of applying mathematical models to evaluate water quality in reservoirs: a systematic review
Authors: Silva Fabio Leandro da , Fushita Ângela Terumi , Cunha-Santino Marcela Bianchessi da , Júnior Irineu Bianchini
Published: April 2022

Human activities are affecting reservoir water quality; consequently, methods are necessary to verify those impacts. Mathematical modeling improves the understanding of the anthropic impact on water quality, changes in limnological data, and helps formulate management strategies. However, it is necessary to consider the (dis)advantages as well as the methods used for water-quality assessment in reservoirs. This study conducted a systematic review in four databases: (i) PubMed/Medline; (ii) Scopus; (iii) Web of Science; and (iv) Wiley Online Library. We combined Boolean operators and words aiming to identify papers linked to the scope. Rayyan software allowed the initial screening of the found papers. Peer-reviewed papers and the use of mathematical models to assess reservoir water quality were the inclusion criteria. Exclusion criteria included articles in languages other than English, grey literature, and inaccessible articles. Our research found 169 articles, of which 39 were selected and only 13 were included in the review. Mathematical modeling has many benefits related to real-world problems, but the main disadvantages are process simplification, specific rules of the model, and lack of information or data monitoring. Kinetic equations, regression models, Monte Carlo analysis, finite segment models, modeling tools, zero-order rate equations, partial differential algebraic equations, and predictive analysis are the methods observed in mathematical modeling. This review provides information for unfamiliar managers who intend to use mathematical models to assess the water quality of reservoirs.

Keywords: limnologic tool, model inventory, water management.
Рекорды и возрастания многомерных экстремумов случайных признаков частиц в надкритических ветвящихся процессах с максимум-линейной наследственностью
Authors: Lebedev Alexey Viktorovich
Published: April 2022

Работа продолжает многолетние исследования автора по экстремумам случайных признаков частиц в ветвящихся процессах. Предполагается, что размножение частиц описывается бессмертным надкритическим ветвящимся процессом с дискретным временем, а признаки частиц зависимы, причем их зависимость обусловлена общей наследственностью и определяется степенью родства. Рассмотрен случай, когда признаки имеют распределения с тяжелыми хвостами. Используется максимум-линейная модель формирования признаков. Найдены предельные вероятности того, что текущее поколение превосходит по максимумам признаков частиц предыдущее или все предыдущие.
MEME VE KARACİĞER DOKULARINDA TEK VE ÇİFT YUVALI ANTEN KULLANILARAK YAPILAN MİKRODALGA KANSER TEDAVİSİNİN NÜMERİK ANALİZİ
Authors: EREN Aykut , AYTAÇ Zeynep , TURGUT Oğuz , TIĞLI Burak
Published: April 2022

Mikrodalga tedavisi, meme ve karaciğer kanseri gibi hastalıklarda, kanserli hücreleri yok etmek için cerrahi müdahale ihtiyacını ortadan kaldırabilen etkili bir yöntemdir. Mevcut çalışma, malign hücrelerin daha geniş bir çevrede, daha kısa sürede yakılırken çevre dokulara en az hasara sebep olmayı amaçlayan bir metodoloji sunmaı hedeflemektedir. Bu çalışma, 2.45 GHz frekans ve 10 W güç değeri kullanılarak sonlu eleman metoduyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Meme ve karaciğer dokularında, eş eksenli tek yuvalı ve çift yuvalı antenler için bir kıyaslama sunulmuştur. Araştırılan parametreler yuva sayısı, doku tipi ve mikrodalga kanser tedavisinin süresi iken sonuçta incelenen parametreler özgül soğrulma oranı ve sıcaklık dağılımıdır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, hem en yüksek özgül soğrulma oranı hem de en yüksek sıcaklık değeri, karaciğerde tek yuvalı antenle elde edilmiştir ve elde edilen sıcaklık dağılımının zamana bağlı olduğu görülmüştür. Karaciğerde elde edilen en yüksek sıcaklık değeri, tek yuvalı antende 93.9oC ve çift yuvalı antende 82.8 oC olmuştur. Aynı değerler meme dokusunda, tek yuvalı antende 93.0 oC ve çift yuvalı antende 69.8 oC olarak kaydedilmiştir. Tek yuvalı anten için, karaciğer ve meme dokularının tedavisinde kullanılmak üzere yeni korelasyonlar sunulmuştur. Yapılan çalışmanın, tıp alanında katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WATER ADDING INTO THE INTAKE AIR ON THE ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS IN A SPARK-IGNITION ENGINE
Authors: SOYSAL Derya , ŞAHİN Zehra , DURGUN Orhan
Published: April 2022

In the present study, the effects of water addition into intake air (WAIA) on the engine performance and exhaust emissions have been investigated experimentally in an automotive spark-ignition engine (SIE) which is used in Renault Clio vehicles. Experiments have been performed for (3, 6, 9 and 12) % (by vol.) water ratios (WRs) at different engine speeds and different loads. Selected engine speeds were (3000, 4000 5000, and 6000) rpms. 6000 rpm is the maximum speed of this engine. Selected loads were (100, 90, 80, 70, 60, and 50) Nm for (3000, 4000, and 5000) rpms and were (80, 75, 70, 65 and 65) Nm for 6000 rpm, respectively. The test results showed that WAIA decreases significantly brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) at (3000, 4000, and 5000) rpms, but it increases BSFC at 6000 rpm. The maximum reduction ratios of BSFC at (3000, 4000, and 5000) rpms have been attained at the levels of 28.27 % for 5.60 % WR, 4.160 for 2.67 % WR and 7.19 % for 9.00 % WR, respectively. WAIA generally decreases nitrogen oxides (NOx) and total hydrocarbon (HC) emissions at all of the selected operating conditions. At (3000, 4000, 5000 and 6000) rpms, the maximum reduction ratios of NOx have been reached at the levels of 37.80 % for 8.67 % WR, 58.21 % for 12.18 WR, 57.80 % for 12.17 WR and 66.17% for 12.12.WR, respectively. Approximately 9.40 % decrement in HC was achieved by WAIA at the selected engine speeds. Carbon monoxide (CO) emission decreases by applying WAIA at 3000 rpm whereas it generally increases at (4000 and 5000) rpms. Unlike other engine speeds, WAIA increases CO emission significantly at 6000 rpm. Approximately 9 % WR yields the best results for engine performance and exhaust emissions at all of the selected operating conditions.
AN ACCELERATED NODAL DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHOD FOR THERMAL CONVECTION ON UNSTRUCTURED MESHES: FORMULATION AND VALIDATION
Authors: KARAKUS Ali
Published: April 2022

We present a GPU-accelerated method for large scale, coupled incompressible fluid flow and heat transfer problems. A high-order, nodal discontinuous Galerkin method is utilized to discretize governing equations on unstructured triangular meshes. A semi-implicit scheme with explicit treatment of the advective terms and implicit treatment of the split Stokes operators are used for time discretization. The pressure system is solved with a conjugate gradient method together with a fully GPU-accelerated multigrid preconditioner. The code is built on scalable libParanumal solver which is a library of high-performance kernels for high-order discretizations. Performance portability is achieved by using the open concurrent compute abstraction, OCCA. A set of numerical experiments including free and mixed convection problems indicate that our approach experimentally reaches design order of accuracy.
Advancing social justice through small grants for the development of open educational resources at the University of Cape Town and the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Authors: Maake-Malatji Mahlatse , Cox Glenda
Published: April 2022

The Department of Higher Education and Training’s (DHET) draft Open Learning Policy Framework (OLPF) for Post-School Education and Training (PSET) situates the creation and sharing of open educational resources (OER) at the heart of the open learning agenda. The OLFP suggests a range of diverse funding strategies to support the development of OER in the PSET sector. This study aims to explore the use of one funding strategy, namely small OER grants, at two higher education institutions in South Africa. This case study employs a qualitative research methodology, and interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of OER grant managers and grant recipients (lecturers and support staff) at the University of Cape Town and the Cape Peninsula University of Technology in order to highlight how these small-scale OER grants have supported the development of OER at their respective institutions. Moving from the premise that DHET’s conception of open learning has a social justice intent, the study uses Nancy Fraser’s (2005) theory of social justice, which includes the economic, cultural, and political dimensions of social justice, to appraise in what ways, if at all, these funding initiatives may be contributing to socially just education. This study found that economic support in the form of small grants alleviated OER development costs, although, in some instances, the funds did not cover the full costs of development. The creation of OER enabled a degree of cultural recognition of marginalized groups through the translation and production of locally contextualised resources. From the standpoint of political representation, most grant recipients collaborated with students and thus, to some extent, incorporated the student voice into the creation of resources. The study is important in that it provides recommendations on how DHET could provide relatively modest, targeted resourcing to support OER development projects so that these resources can be re-used by other institutions or as individual learners.
“Who do you think they are?” Troubling how mental conceptions of TVET lecturers shape lecturer support interventions
Authors: Black Sara
Published: April 2022

Underpinning any intervention to develop, support or capacitate lecturers in the TVET system sits a tacit idea of who TVET lecturers are, as well as an ‘ideal imagined TVET lecturer’ towards which change initiatives strive. This case study examines one lecturer development intervention, the Lecturer Support System (LSS): how it has changed since it was first established, and how it relates to other intended interventions (e.g., the National Open Learning System). It does this through the lens of the ‘imagined ideal TVET lecturer’, i.e., who decision-makers wish lecturers to be. Interviews with key stakeholders within DHET were held to explore their perspectives and motivations for what they felt the LSS was and is (or isn’t) able to achieve, in terms of lecturer development. Deploying the theoretical work of Foucault, the case explores discourses about how to change TVET lecturers’ practices, and what these discourses suggest about how TVET lecturers are imagined by those designing development interventions. By contrasting the different policy ‘ideas’ about who TVET lecturers ‘should’ become underpinning each of these past, present and future interventions, the case offers policymakers tools to consider how to learn from past decisions, as well as a novel framing for how different TVET lecturer support interventions relate and complement each other. Any effective continued professional development programmes, whether credentialled or informal, must reckon with this ‘imagined ideal’ (Jacklin, 2018) and how it relates to the realities and pluralities of lecturers’ own subjectivities and experiences.How change interventions relate to present and future lecturer subjectivities raises some complex questions about core themes in the Cases of Open Learning (COOL) project of which this study forms a part; in particular whether ‘open learning’ is always the path to improved teaching and learning. The question of subjectivities also challenges a Fraserian framework of social justice as used in the COOL project, asking who subjects of justice are and how their sense of self might inhibit engagement with justice-oriented initiatives.
Using a social justice lens to explore the possibilities and limitations of flexible learning provision in a South African TVET college
Authors: Van Wyk Gertrude , Huang Cheng-Wen , Hodgkinson-Williams Cheryl Ann
Published: April 2022

In its preamble, the Department of Higher Education and Training’s (DHET) strategic plan for 2015 to 2020 identified ways to expand access to education and training. However, in South Africa, Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges’ enrolment growth is inhibited by inadequate physical infrastructure and a shortage of additional and relevant human resources (DHET, 2018). The draft Open Learning Policy Framework for the Post-School Education and Training (2017) recommends that the principle of flexibility be applied to increase student access and support their success. This exploratory case study focuses on possibilities and limitations of flexible learning provision at a selected TVET college in the Free State province. It adopts Nancy Fraser’s (1995, 2005) theory of social justice, which emphasizes parity of participation with respect to economic, cultural and political dimensions, to discuss ways in which flexible learning is socially just. COVID-19 lockdowns severely curtailed this study to virtual interviews with two institutional managers only, as students were not readily available. The transcripts were subsequently coded along Fraser’s three dimensions of social justice. The study demonstrates that flexible learning provision responded to the economic dimensions of transport poverty by providing access to curriculum content via online platforms, radio broadcasts and hardcopy materials deposited for collection at selected physical destinations. In relation to cultural parity, it reveals that the college provides a pedagogically responsive intervention programme as a second opportunity for students to succeed. Politically, the study indicates that assessment practices at the college are exclusionary due to national assessment policies that constrain flexibility. This chapter contributes towards understanding the practices and policies that influence flexible learning provision as an aspirational form of open learning as well as the complex ways in which social injustices are entangled in the South African PSET sector.
Online learning at the Durban University of Technology during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zungu Sinethemba , Walji Sukaina
Published: April 2022

Online learning can be seen as a way to broaden educational provision. The South African Department of Higher Education and Training is turning to open learning approaches (such as online learning) to provide cost-effective mass enrolment in post-school education. This study adopts a qualitative approach to explore how online learning may be opening up education at the Durban University of Technology (DUT). The chapter shares the experiences of three staff members and one student, gathered via online interviews and WhatsApp chat discussions undertaken during emergency remote teaching (ERT). Although online learning is a strategic objective at DUT, it was not yet at full-scale implementation before the COVID-19 pandemic struck. The national lockdown thus accelerated the institution’s plans to take teaching and learning online. This research uses Nancy Fraser’s (2005) conception of social justice as parity of participation to examine the extent to which online learning creates ‘participatory parity’ economically, culturally, and politically for students at the DUT’s Steve Biko Campus. The data suggests that economic challenges need to be addressed at national levels, while issues of cultural inclusivity and student and staff representation in decision-making can be addressed at an institutional level. Significantly, this study contributes towards the limited empirical research that exists around examining the extent to which online learning and ERT responded to participatory parity of staff and students at South African higher education institutions.
Exploring how student support services address economic, cultural and political injustices
Authors: Zungu Sinethemba , Hodgkinson-Williams Cheryl Ann
Published: April 2022

South Africa’s legacy of unequal access to learning opportunities and the need to create a conducive technical and vocational education and training (TVET) sector for a diversified student population has exposed a need for comprehensive learner support. The introduction by the Department of Higher Education and Training in 2017 of the Open Learning Policy Framework, which has an explicit social justice ambition, has recognized the salience of student support systems (SSS) at TVET colleges. However, the extent to which the current TVET student support models are designed to encompass open learning practices and the extent to which they are indeed socially just is not yet known. This chapter examines how SSS (as a means of enacting open learning principles) endeavour to create a socially just environment for students to have access to (pre-entry), progress through (on-course), and success (at exit) in a TVET college. The chapter employs Nancy Fraser’s (2005) theory of social justice, understood as ‘parity of participation’, to interrogate the extent to which SSS address the economic, cultural, and political injustices faced by students at Elangeni TVET College in KwaZulu-Natal. This case study adopted a qualitative approach and data was generated via three virtual interviews with the SSS staff and telephonic and WhatsApp discussions with two students. Findings indicate that the institutional structures and activities in place to support students respond affirmatively to the economic inequalities, political injustices, cultural and social diversity at Elangeni College. While the economic, political, and economic issues are interlinked, this research has highlighted that the economic injustices faced by students cannot be settled at an institutional level, but can only be resolved at a national level. Furthermore, the SSS staff have revealed a willingness to address cultural inequities, but some of these affirmative responses are limited by economic resources (underfunding of TVET colleges). This study contributes to an under-researched topic that has potential to strengthen the further development of the OLPF in concert with annual strategic plans for SSS at TVET colleges. Despite the limited sample size, the insights from the chapter illuminates the need for further research in the areas of open learning,student support and social justice.
Insights on OER adoption models to inform ways of opening up learning materials to address economic, cultural and political injustices in South African education
Authors: Dabula Anelisa , Cox Glenda , Hodgkinson-Williams Cheryl Ann
Published: April 2022

This chapter outlines current models of open educational resources (OER) adoption, in order to make recommendations to the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) around which model(s) could be introduced as a means of open learning in the local post-school education and training (PSET) sector in an attempt to respond to economic, cultural, and political injustices. Using the philosophical framework of social justice (Fraser, 2005), this desktop study explores the extent to which models of OER implementation respond to economic, cultural, and political injustices and could potentially provide more socially just access to educational resources in the technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and university sectors. The OER models are classified along the following lines: regional-geographic, the federal government, provincial, inter-institutional, institutional, intra-institutional, community, and commercial. Findings showcase examples of each of these and illustrate how an aggregated model which combines elements of a central model (for national funding), a provincial model (for funding to a managing institution for multi-institutional projects), an institutional model (for OER development with a social justice intent), and a peer-to-peer community model could encourage peer engagement that might optimise the nascent National Open Learning System (NOLS) spearheaded by DHET. This aggregated model is recommended for DHET as it holistically considers economic challenges facing OER creation and use, endeavours to encourage curriculum transformation by addressing aspects of culturalmisrecognition and, where possible, includes student voices to allow for some facets of political representation.
CARACTERÍSTICAS DA PAISAGEM DA MICROBACIA DO RIO TAMANDUÁ, AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL, BRASIL
Authors: Vendruscolo Jhony , Santos Junior Nilson Reinaldo Fernandes dos , Nagao Eduardo Ossamu , Fulan João Ânderson , Macedo Rodrigo Santana , Carneiro Kalline de Almeida Alves , Cavalheiro Wanderson Cleiton Schmidt
Published: April 2022

As informações referentes às características da paisagem nas microbacias hidrográficas são essenciais para a identificação de regiões com potencial agropecuário e com fragilidade ambiental e, consequentemente, auxiliar no planejamento do uso e ocupação da terra e na gestão dos recursos naturais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características hidrogeomorfométricas e a dinâmica da cobertura do solo na microbacia do rio Tamanduá por meio de geotecnologias e equações. A microbacia tem 17,48 km2, perímetro de 25,35 km, forma alongada, altitudes entre 220 e 296 m e predominância dos relevos suave ondulado e ondulado. Também apresenta rede de drenagem de 17,08 km, padrão de drenagem dendrítico de 3ª ordem, baixa densidade de nascentes, média densidade de drenagem, canal principal reto, coeficiente de manutenção de 1.023,4 m2 m-1 e tempo de concentração de 2,99 h. Foi constatado que em 1984 o espaço físico ocupado pela floresta nativa era de 69,22%, e com o avanço da agropecuária foi reduzido para 24,14% em 2021. A microbacia do rio Tamanduá tem potencial agropecuário, inclusive para a adoção de mecanização agrícola na maior parte de sua área (98,11%), contudo, observou-se a presença de atividades agropecuárias em regiões de elevada vulnerabilidade ambiental, com destaque para a utilização de colinas com relevo declivoso e a zona ripária. Portanto, o cenário atual gera uma série de preocupações a respeito dos impactos ambientais, indicando comprometimento do desenvolvimento sustentável da região.
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF MISSING DATA
Authors: GHUGE HARSHANAND K. , REGULWAR D.G.
Published: April 2022

The availability of precipitation data plays important role for analysis of various systems required for design of water resources systems. The perfect measurements are not available always. The scientist/hydrologists come across the problem of missing data due to a variety of reasons. There may be various reasons of unavailability of data. Measurement of hydrologic variables (e.g. rainfall, stream flows, etc.) is prone to various instrumental/systematic, manual and random errors. In the current study, missing rainfall data is evaluated by using Artificial Neural Network Method. Historical precipitation data from 6 rain-gauge stations in the Maharashtra State, India, are used to train and test the ANN method and derive conclusions from the improvements in result given by ANN. Results suggest that ANN model can be work for estimation of missing data.
Assessment of the trust placed by the practices of the Ministry of Health during the coronavirus pandemic process in Turkey
Authors: ALTINTAŞ Mustafa , ÖZATA Musa
Published: April 2022

A This research aims to evaluate the level of Turkish people's trust in the measures taken by the Ministry of Health to contain Covid 19. In the study, which was planned in a quantitative research design, Total of 931 people from 62 provinces in Turkey participated in the study. The data collection tool consisting of 31 questions. The questionnaire form was elaborated by the au-thors of the study and created using the freely available online Google Docs application. The questionnaire was sent to participants via social media networks from February 1, 2021 and February 20, 2021. According to the analysis results obtained from the research, it was concluded that the trust of the participants in the Ministry of Health was at a moderate level.
Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Methyl Orange Removal from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption on Activated Rubber Sawdust
Authors: Shining Vinil Priya T  , Helen D
Published: April 2022

This work investigates the removal of the methyl orange by adsorption using rubber saw dust activated carbon (RSDAC). The application of the adsorbent for methyl orange removal was observed to be influenced by the variation in these parameters like adsorbent dose, contact time and pH .The equilibrium data were analysed based on the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Kinetic data were analysed using the pseudo –first order and pseudo –second order models. The maximum adsorption capacity is 111.11mg/g.
Security Door Lock for Mains Supply and Safety of Electrical Engineer
Authors: Aditya Mhatre  , Chaitanya Jawle  , Vedang More  , Mrs. Roshani Bhaskarwar
Published: April 2022

The main motive of this work is to provide safety to the electrical field engineer who works on the site of main distribution line feeder box. To provide safety to the engineer, the feeder box is equipped with RFID sensor and RFID readers which plays an important role. The engineer will be provided authorized glows and shoes with RFID tags. The reader mounted on the box will check whether the glows are authorized or not. If it gets authorized, then only the main door of the box will open and engineer will do his work. When the door gets opened it will share the details to the main server of the electrical distribution office in the form of message “The door is open”. We have made the provision that it will help engineer to solve the issue after door opens. There will be one-way communication from distribution office to electrical field engineer regrading guidelines for the issues. We have also made an application to record the history of the problems in the data base which would help to identify problems in the future.
Interventions Using Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy Techniques for Caregivers of People With Stroke (January 1, 1999– December 31, 2019)
Authors: Hildebrand Mary , Mack Amanda
Published: April 2022

Systematic Review Briefs provide a summary of the findings from systematic reviews developed in conjunction with the American Occupational Therapy Association’s Evidence-Based Practice Project. Each Systematic Review Brief summarizes the evidence on a theme related to a systematic review topic. This Systematic Review Brief presents findings from the systematic review on stroke and interventions using cognitive–behavioral therapy techniques for caregivers of people with stroke.
Afrika’da Büyük Güç Rekabeti: Çin’in 21. Yüzyılda Artan Nüfuzu ve ABD’nin Tepkisi
Authors: YILDIZ Melih
Published: April 2022

Afrika yüzyıllardır Büyük Güç rekabeti açısından önemli bir bölge olmuştur. Kıta bu özelliğini 21. yüzyılda da korumaktadır. Çin’in son dönemde Afrika’da artan etkisi kıtada Washington-Pekin rekabetinin yaşanmaya başlanmasına neden olmuştur. Çin ile ABD arasında son yıllarda artarak devam eden Afrika’daki rekabet bu iki Büyük Gücün küresel rekabetinin seyrinde de önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Ayrıca Afrika’nın sahip olduğu potansiyel dikkate alındığında kıtadaki bu rekabetin seyrinin küresel mücadeleye etkisinin gelecekte daha büyük olacağını söylemek mümkündür. Bu sebeple bu çalışmada iki ülke arasında Afrika’da gerçekleşen rekabetin analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada Çin’in 21. yüzyılda Afrika’da gelişen nüfuzu ve ABD’nin buna yönelik politikaları incelenmektedir. Pekin’in Afrika’da artan nüfuzu çok büyük oranda kıta ile kurmuş olduğu ekonomik ilişkilere dayanmaktadır. Hızla büyüyen ticaret hacmi, artan yatırımlar, yardımlar ve borçlar Çin’i kıtadaki en etkili aktörlerden birine dönüştürmüştür. Bununla birlikte Pekin’in son yıllarda Afrika ile güvenlik ilişkilerini geliştirmeye ve kıtadaki askeri varlığını artırmaya yönelik attığı adımların rekabetin seyrinde önemli etkisi olmuştur. Bu doğrultuda Pekin’in Afrika’daki nüfuzu özellikle Obama döneminden itibaren Amerikan çıkarlarına ciddi bir tehdit olarak değerlendirilmeye başlanmıştır. Ancak ABD tarafından Çin’in Afrika’daki varlığına yönelik şikâyetler büyük oranda söylem düzeyinde kalmış ve bu sebeple ciddi sonuçlar elde edilememiştir.
Yeni Kamu Diplomasisi, Sosyal Medya ve Devlet Dışı Aktörler
Authors: KARAHAN TOKER Elif , ÇAĞLA Cengiz
Published: April 2022

Siyaset bilimi ve uluslararası ilişkiler alanındaki tartışmaların bir bölümü, bireylerin ve devlet dışı aktörlerin, kamu diplomasisini hangi yollarla ve ne kadar etkilediği noktasında yoğunlaşmaktadır. Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinde yaşanan büyük ve hızlı değişim ve sivil toplumun rolünün giderek artması sonucu, yeni kamu diplomasisi, devlet dışı aktörleri daha fazla içerir hale gelmiştir. Bununla birlikte, kamu diplomasisi alanındaki perspektifler arasındaki farklılıklar nedeniyle, devlet dışı aktörlerin alandaki yerlerinin tam olarak tanımlanması mümkün olamamıştır. Bu çalışma, literatürde söz konusu olan bu belirsizliğe dikkat çekerek, sosyal medyanın kullanımıyla yeni kamu diplomasisinde devlet dışı aktörlerin, özellikle bireylerin aktör rolü üstlenmelerini incelemektedir. Bu çerçevede literatür taraması ve nitel araştırma yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Makalenin ilk bölümünde yeni kamu diplomasisi anlayışında yaşanan değişim ve dönüşüm ile özellikle sosyal medyanın etkisi üzerinde durulmuştur. İkinci bölümde ise; yeni kamu diplomasisinde devlet dışı aktörlerin varlığı, zaman içerisinde değişen ve artan rollerinin önemine dikkat çekilmiştir. Sonuç olarak çalışma, farklı perspektiflerin ortak bir görüşte birleştirilmesi halinde, yeni kamu diplomasisinin hem daha anlaşılır hem de daha doğru işler duruma geleceğini, aksi takdirde -devlet dışı aktörlerin kamu diplomasisi içerisindeki konumu hususundaki belirsizliğin sürmesi durumunda- “yeni bir akademik alanın doğuşunun” mümkün olamayacağını iddia etmektedir.
Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Uluslararası Hukuk Perpektifinden Şehirlerin Artan Önemi
Authors: KILLIOĞLU Mehmet Erkan
Published: April 2022

Şehirler, son yıllarda, uluslararası siyasi alanda her geçen gün daha fazla ön plana çıkmaktadır. Küreselleşme sürecinin de yardımıyla, geleneksel Westphalia uluslararası sistemi ve ulus devletinin dünya siyasetindeki yeri sorgulanır hale gelmiştir. Bu durumun sonucunda sivil toplum örgütleri, çokuluslu şirketler, uluslararası örgütler ve organizasyonlar gibi siyasi yapılar da uluslararası sisteme katılmaya ve kendilerinin uluslararası aktör olarak kabulü için çalışmaktadırlar. Bu sayılan yapılara göre daha fazla bürokratik ve idari yapılanması ve kurumları olan şehirler de uluslararası aktör olarak kabul görmek için girişimlerde bulunmaktadır. Ancak bu noktada, şehirlerin uluslararası hukuk tarafından süje olarak kabul edilmemesi ciddi bir sorun olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır ve şehirler bu durumun üstesinden gelebilmek için girişimlerde bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın ana amacı da şehirlerin, özellikle küreselleşme süreci ile hızlanan değişimini analiz etmektir. Bu kapsamda çalışmayı ortaya çıkarırken tanımlayıcı ve kronolojik bir yöntem kullanılmıştır ancak çalışmanın kapsamı 1990’lı yıllar ve takip eden dönemle sınırlandırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuç uluslararası sistemin yeni paradigmalar sebebiyle bir değişim ve dönüşüm içerisinde olduğudur. Bu değişim sisteme yeni aktörlerin dâhil olmasını dayatmaktadır. Şehirler de bu yeni aktörlerden biridir.
Anion effect on obtaining nano-sized metal particules by reduction reaction
Authors: İLHAN Sebati , BOLAT Melda , EROL Kadir , KÖSE Dursun Ali
Published: April 2022

The word “nano” means; one in a billion of a physical mass. Nanotechnology has been frequently beneficial branch of science in recent years by applying nanoparticules to various fields. Synthesis of particules in nano is size, has increased the covered surface area in unit volume and this made expanding of using nanoparticules in many different areas. Especially the metal nanoparticules have many advantages leading to development of many ways of synthesis. One of these methods of synthesis is “chemical reduction”.
This work makes a research on the anion effects on the size mass nanoparticules of metals Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) after reduction to nano size of sodium bor hidrur which belongs to salt of asetat and chlor, nitrate, sulfate. Depending on the radius ratios and solubility values of metal cations and anions, the nanoparticle obtained from Cu(CH3COO)2 salt has the smallest radius. Nanometal particles with the largest radius were obtained by reduction of Cl- ion salts. Size analyze and passing electrone microscope (SEM) analysis made about the characterization of synthesised nano particules.
Penerapan Metode SQ3RP pada Pembelajaran IPA untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Sudirman Sudirman , Sarmina Saemina , Murniati Murniati , Ramsida Ramsida , Pahenra Pahenra
Published: April 2022

The findings of the International Student Assessment (PISA) show that students' literacy skills, especially science or science in Indonesia, are categorized as low. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to improve student learning outcomes in physics subjects with the material concepts of elements, compounds, mixtures. This classroom action research applies the SQ3RP (Survey Question Read Recite Review and Practice) technique. The research subjects were students of class VII A of Junior High School (SMP) Negeri 2 Kendari, totaling 40 students. Collecting data using observation sheets and learning outcomes tests. The analysis used is descriptive analysis in the form of class averages and percentages and graph tables. The results showed that the increase in student learning outcomes using the SQ3RP method was very good because the pre-test results from 52.5% increased to 90.0% in the third cycle. While student learning activities have increased the average student activity at a degree of 80.0%.
Lignin decomposition of Oil Palm Frond by Pleurotus ostreatus with a variation of corn and rice-husk media
Authors: Gozan Misri , Natasha Nadia Chrisayu , Srinophakun Penjit
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to decompose lignin from oil palm midrib (OPF) bonds using the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus with various substrates (corn and rice husk). Lignin and cellulose levels before and after mushroom culture were tested by the Chesson-Datta method. Substrate variation with corn and husk rice showed that the addition of corn did not play a role in lignin decomposition. After being given treatment, the best degradation was using 0.6 grams of rice bran and 0.4 grams of CaCO3, 22.01% for lignin and 32.74% for cellulose.
An Analysis of the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Air Transport Services in Romania
Authors: MANEA Natalia , , DUMITRESCU Corina Ionela , NICULESCU Nicoleta , DOBRESCU Răzvan Mihai , PUIU Roxana Adriana , SIRBU Simona Ana
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the authors have analysed the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on air transport services in Romania and implicitly on the customers of these companies. The research is a quantitative study conducted on a sample of 408 respondents.
Luonnon spekulatiivinen problematisointi
Authors: Mäkelin Marianne , Hautamäki Lotta
Published: April 2022

Tieteenfilosofi Isabelle Stengers on yksi keskeisistä hahmoista monilajisuuden tutkimuksen teoretisoinneissa. Stengersin ajatteluun, etenkin siltä osin kuin sitä on hyödynnetty monilajisuuden tutkimuksessa, on merkittävällä tavalla vaikuttanut Alfred North Whiteheadin spekulatiivinen filosofia. Jäljitämme Stengersin ja Whiteheadin filosofioiden ja empiirisen monilajisuuden tutkimuksen yhteisiä juonteita. Nämä yhteydet koskevat sitä, kuinka keskenään erilaiset olennot tulevat toistensa huomion ja tiedon kohteiksi ja merkityksellisiksi toisilleen. Artikkeli perustuu kirjallisuuskatsaukseen Stengersin filosofiaa hyödyntävästä monilajisuuden tutkimuksesta. Lisäksi siinä käsitellään omia tutkimuksiamme geeniedioituja hyttysiä malariantorjuntatyökaluksi kehittävien tutkijoiden ja ihmisen mikrobiomia tutkivien mikrobiologien parissa. Tulkitsemme empiiristen esimerkkien avulla Stengersin tieteenfilosofiaa suhteessa kysymyksiin siitä, millä tavoin biotieteiden tieto rakentuu monilajisessa vuorovaikutuksessa ja millä tavoin keskenään erilaisten olentojen tavat elää ja toimia maailmassa ovat yhteydessä toisiinsa. Tähän perustuen ehdotamme tulkintaa monilajisuuden tutkimuksesta vallitsevan ekososiaalisten kriisien määrittämän nykyhetkemme spekulatiivisena problematisointina.
Magiasta ja muista tieteistä
Authors: Blom Sonja
Published: April 2022

Tiede ja magia asetetaan usein vastakkain ja samoin niitä kannattavat ja harjoittavat ihmiset. Isabelle Stengersin mukaan maailma jossa elämme on kyllästetty magialla. Se ilmenee yhteyksinä, joita on muodostettu paikkoihin, joista niitä ei oleteta löytyvän ja joiden voima on suurempi kuin kuvittelemme. Silti arkiajattelussa redusoimme ajatuksen magiasta vain metaforaksi, symboliseksi eleeksi. Se ettemme tunnista magiaa ja sen vaikutusta meihin ja tiedollisiin jäsennyksiimme, voi olla meille haitaksi. Jopa kapitalismin perustana on omanlaisensa magia.
The impact of aerosol fluorescence on water vapor long-term monitoring by Raman lidar and the evaluation of a potential correction method
Authors: Chouza Fernando , Leblanc Thierry , Brewer Mark , Wang Patrick , Martucci Giovanni , Haefele Alexander , Vérèmes Hélène , Duflot Valentin , Payen Guillaume , Keckhut Philippe
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The impact of aerosol fluorescence on the measurement of water vapor by UV (355 nm emission) Raman lidar in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) is investigated using the long-term records of three high-performance Raman lidars contributing to the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). Comparisons with co-located radiosondes and aerosol backscatter profiles indicate that laser-induced aerosol fluorescence in smoke layers injected into the stratosphere by pyrocumulus events can introduce very large and chronic wet biases above 15 km, thus impacting the ability of these systems to accurately estimate long-term water vapor trends in the UTLS. In order to mitigate the fluorescence contamination, a correction method based on the addition of an aerosol fluorescence channel was developed and tested on the water vapor Raman lidar TMWAL located at the JPL Table Mountain Facility, in California. The results of this experiment, conducted between 27 August and 4 November 2021 and involving 22 co-located lidar and radiosonde profiles, suggest that the proposed correction method is able to effectively reduced the fluorescence-induced wet bias. After correction, the average difference between the lidar and co-located radiosonde water vapor measurements was reduced to 5 %, consistent with the difference observed during periods of negligible aerosol fluorescence interference. The present results provide confidence that, after a correction is applied, water vapor long-term trends can be reasonably well estimated in the upper troposphere, but they also call for further refinements, or the use of alternate Raman lidar approaches (e.g., 308 nm or 532 nm emission) to confidently detect long-term trends in the lower stratosphere. These findings may have important implications on NDACC’s water vapor measurements strategy in the years to come.
Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry of organic matter in Swedish forest soils and its relationship with climate, tree species, and soil texture
Authors: Spohn Marie , Stendahl Johan
Published: April 2022

Abstract. While the carbon (C) content of temperate and boreal forest soils
is relatively well studied, much less is known about the ratios of C,
nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) of the soil organic matter, as well as the abiotic
and biotic factors that shape them. Therefore, the aim of this study was to
explore carbon, nitrogen, and organic phosphorus (OP) contents and element
ratios in temperate and boreal forest soils and their relationships with
climate, dominant tree species, and soil texture. For this purpose, we
studied 309 forest soils located all over Sweden between 56 and
68∘ N. The soils are a representative subsample of Swedish forest
soils with a stand age >60 years that were sampled for the
Swedish Forest Soil Inventory. We found that the N stock of the organic
layer increased by a factor of 7.5 from −2.0 to 7.5 ∘C mean annual temperature (MAT), which is almost twice as much as the
increase in the organic layer stock along the MAT gradient. The increase in
the N stock went along with an increase in the N:P ratio of the organic
layer by a factor of 2.1 from −2.0 to 7.5 ∘C MAT
(R2=0.36, p<0.001). Forests dominated by pine had higher C:N
ratios in the organic layer and mineral soil down to a depth of 65 cm than
forests dominated by spruce. Further, also the C:P ratio was increased in
the pine-dominated forests compared to forests dominated by other tree
species in the organic layer, while the C:OP ratio in the mineral soil was not
elevated in pine forests. C, N, and OP contents in the mineral soil were
higher in fine-textured soils than in coarse-textured soils by a factor of
2.3, 3.5, and 4.6, respectively. Thus, the effect of texture was stronger on
OP than on N and C likely because OP adsorbs very rigidly to mineral
surfaces. Further, we found that the P and K concentrations of the organic
layer were inversely related to the organic layer stock, while the N:P
ratio was positively related to the organic layer stock. Taken together, the
results show that the N:P ratio of the organic layer was most strongly
related to MAT. Further, the C:N ratio was most strongly related to dominant
tree species even in the mineral subsoil. In contrast, the C:P ratio was
only affected by dominant tree species in the organic layer, but the C:OP
ratio in the mineral soil was hardly affected by tree species due to the
strong effect of soil texture on the OP concentration.
History of the Tromsø ionosphere heating facility
Authors: Rietveld Michael T. , Stubbe Peter
Published: April 2022

Abstract. We present the historical background of the construction of a major ionospheric heating facility, “Heating”, near Tromsø, Norway, in the 1970s by the Max Planck Institute for Aeronomy; we also detail the facility's subsequent operational history to the present. Heating was built next to the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) incoherent scatter (IS) radar facility and in a region with a multitude of diagnostic instruments used to study the auroral region. The facility was transferred to EISCAT in January 1993 and continues to provide new discoveries in plasma physics and ionospheric and atmospheric science to this day. It is expected that Heating will continue operating along with the new generation of IS radar, called EISCAT_3D, when it is commissioned in the near future.
Efficacy of Cognitive Therapy on the Management of Psychological Distress among Adolescents with Hearing Impairment in Oyo State
Authors: Adeniyi Samuel Olufemi , Olufemi-Adeniyi Olubukola A. , Raheem Abiola Wasiu
Published: April 2022

This study investigated the efficacy of Cognitive Therapy (CT) on the managementof Psychological Distress (PD) among adolescents with hearingimpairment in Oyo State. The pretest-posttest control group, quasi experimentalresearch design was employed. A total of 53 adolescents with hearingimpairment from three integrated secondary schools in two senatorial districtsof Oyo State were purposively selected for the study. Kesler PsychologicalDistress Scale with the index score of 19 and above was the screeningtool used to determine the adolescents with PD. Participants were randomlyassigned to CT (31) and control (22) groups. The treatment lasted 10 weeks.Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (r=0.71), Rosenberg Self-esteem,Rating (r=0.58) and Kesler Psychological Distress (r=0.63) scales were usedfor data collection. Data collected were analysed using Analysis of Covarianceand Bonferronni post-hoc test at 0.05 level of significance. Results showedthat participants in the CT group managed their PD better than those in thecontrol group. Participants with high self-esteem benefitted from the treatmentthan those with moderate and low self-esteem. Based on these findings,special educators, counselling and clinical psychologists and social workersare advised to use the therapy to manage psychological distress among adolescentswith hearing impairment.
COVID-19: Challenges Facing in Online Learning by Students in Rural Areas; The Case Study in Nandurbar District
Authors: Jagadale Anil Ramdas
Published: April 2022

At the beginning of year 2020 and ending of December 2019 an outbreak of a novel Corona virus that is COVID-19 find out in Wuhan City (China). It was propagating fast in few months in all over countries. In this situation Government implemented various phase of lockdown in the country. Very bad impact happened to lockdown on educational institutions, schools and colleges and exams. They could not start their academic year at right time. Maharashtra Government declared their decision on all education departments to start an academic schedule in online mode. Due to this all student in rural areas in Nandurbar district (Maharashtra state, India) are facing unexpected challenges to online learn during the period of lockdown. Against this condition with the help of quantitative analysis in this paper expressed various types of challenges to online learn faced by students in rural areas. Our study mainly focused on difficulties of online learning and analysis their challenges faced by students. So many multiples challenges found in online learning such as Adaptability in online learning, Technical mistake,Virtual engagement, Communication issues, Lack of online learning skill, Students’ feelings, Demotivated during online learning, Lack of literacy about technical skills, Students’ stressful condition in online learning.

Keywords: COVID-19, Rural areas in Nandurbar District, Unexpected Challenges, Lockdown.