bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Textemas’ vs. ‘repertoremas’ en la traducción
Authors: Even-Zohar Itamar
Published: March 2024

Este artículo formaba parte de un proyecto iniciado en 1970 para desarrollar un análisis textemático de textos literarios traducidos. Este tipo de análisis está basado en la distinción entre unidades establecidas, que constituyen componentes aceptados del repertorio —repertoremas— y unidades textuales locales, que surgen de coyunturas textuales únicas —textemas. La historia de la traducción muestra que hay una fuerte tendencia a sustituir las unidades textuales locales por unidades establecidas. Las condiciones para esta tendencia y sus varias probabilidades son tratadas, sin embargo, en otros trabajos del autor.
Poetas como traductólogos: el caso de los Premios Nobel griegos Yorgos Seferis y Odysseus Elitys
Authors: Connolly David
Published: March 2024

Siempre ha habido una estrecha relación entre escribir poesía y traducirla. Es más bien la regla y no tanto la excepción que los más grandes poetas sean también traductores y que, a menudo, estén muy comprometidos con las problemáticas teóricas que surgen de las traducciones de textos poéticos. En este artículo se intenta destacar los puntos teóricos claves referentes a la traducción poética de dos Premios Nobel griegos: Yorgos Seferis (1900-1971) y Odysseus Elytis (1911-1996) que están mencionados principalmente en los prólogos de sus trabajos de traducciones o en entrevistas periodísticas, y también se analiza sus puntos de vista en el contexto de las reflexiones actuales en torno a la traducción poética. Asimismo, se examina hasta qué grado, basándose en sus puntos de vista y en sus opiniones acerca del trabajo de traducción poética, ellos influyeron en los traductores extranjeros de sus propios poemas.
Sentidos de la lentitud en un régimen de aceleración
Authors: Murillo Gudiño Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2024

La lentitud es un rasgo inherente o impuesto al movimiento consustancial al universo habitado por ritmos múltiples; la histórica emancipación humana ha transitado de un fuerte apego a lo natural hacia su artificialidad, lo que conlleva alteraciones rítmicas dominadas hoy por la velocidad de las tecnologías de la comunicación, especialmente, por un conjunto de símbolos pertenecientes a la noosfera en donde se enarbola el valor de la celeridad como emblema omnipresente en todos los niveles de la vida humana, que se traduce en una cosmovisión dromofílica. Desde este marco axiológico, la lentitud es significada a la vez como oposición y como una especie de contracultura, al mismo tiempo que se subraya su riqueza semiótica y metafórica en formas de subjetivación ancladas en lo despacio, el sosiego, el afán propio y el acompasamiento en la “pérdida” de tiempo, todo ello como contribución estética de un multiverso.
‌طَلَاقُ ‌الْمُكْرَهِ في المذهب المالكي مقارنة بقانوني الأحوال الـشخصـية الأردني والكويتي
Authors: Omar Bassam Mohammad
Published: March 2024

الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان حكم طلاق المُكْرَه عند المالكية، وتحديد مفهوم الإكراه عندهم، والأدلة التي استندوا إليها للوصول إلى حكمهم، ومن وافقهم من الفقهاء، ومن خالفهم. كما تهدف الدراسة إلى بيان وجوه الإكراه ووسائله عند المالكية، والوسائل التي عدّها المالكية إكراهًا، والوسائل التي لا تُعد عندهم إكراهًا. وتهدف الدراسة أيضًا إلى معرفة ما أخذ به قانونا الأحوال الشخصية الأردني والكويتي، وعرض نماذج من وقائع المحاكم الشرعية فيما يتعلق بطلاق المُكْرَه.
المنهجية: تم استخدام المنهج المقارن والمنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج التحليلي. أما المنهج المقارن فقد تم بمقارنة أقوال الفقهاء في مسألة حكم طلاق المكره، ومقارنة قانوني الأحوال الـشخصـية الأردني والكويتي برأي الفقهاء في وقوع طلاق المكره، أو عدمه. فالمنهج الاستقرائي كان باستقراء أقوال الفقهاء في المسألة المطروحة، أمّا المنهج التحليلي فكان عبر تحليل نصوص الفقهاء، ومعرفة أوجه الاستدلال في المسألة المطروحة.
النتائج: إن طلاق المكره عند المالكية لا أثر له ولا تُبان منه زوجته، عدّ المالكية مجموعة من الوسائل إكراهًا لا يقع فيها الطلاق وهي: الإكراه على اليمين، والقتل، والتَّخْوِيف بقتل الولد، و‌قَطْعِ ‌عُضْوٍ. أما الوسائل التي لم يعدّها المالكية إكراهًا ويقع فيها الطلاق فهي: القول بالكفر، وقذف المسلم. كما بينت النتائج أنّ قانوني الأحوال الـشخصـية الأردني والكويتي أخذا برأي الجمهور في عدم وقوع طلاق المكره.
الخلاصة: إنّ طلاق المكره عند المالكية لا يقع ولا يترتب عليه أثر؛ ولذلك في حالة وقوع هذه الحالات فإنّ المحاكم الشرعية لا تُوقع الطلاق على الزوجين، ويبقى عقد الزواج بين الزوحين صحيحًا.
الدفع بشرط تسوِية المنازعات متعدد الوسائل وتطبيقاته في الأردن
Authors: Alqhaiwi Jalal , Rayyan Ihab , Alhasan Tariq
Published: March 2024

الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان مفهوم شرط تسوية المنازعات متعدد الوسائل، ومعرفة تطبيقاته ومدى إلزاميته. من المعلوم أن المنازعات، لا سيما المنازعات الهندسية، يتم فضها من خلال هذا الشرط ضمن عدد واسع من العقود النموذجية الهندسية، ومنها عقد الكتاب الأحمر من عقود فيديك المطبق في مشاريع وزارة الأشغال العامة والإسكان الأردنية.
المنهجية: لقد اتبعت الدراسة المنهج التحليلي المقارن، من خلال تحليل النصوص القانونية ذات العلاقة في الدراسة مستعينين بذلك بآراء الفقه على المستوى العربي والأجنبي وكذلك أحكام القضاء. 
النتائج: توصلت الدراسة إلى أن شرط تسوية المنازعات متعدد الوسائل يعد شرطاً ملزماً إعمالاً لمبدأ سلطان إرادة الأطراف، على أن يراعى في تطبيقه التسلسل الوارد فيه والذي يقودنا إلى تسوية النزاع بعيداً عن أروقة القضاء شرط تسوية المنازعات متعدد الوسائل، شرط ملزم وبالترتيب الوارد فيه. الأمر الذي يعني ضرورة تدخل المشرع الأردني بإضافة فقرة لنص المادة (109) من قانون أصول المحاكمات المدنية على أن يكون هذا الدفع من الدفوع الشكلية الواجب التطرق إليها قبل الدخول في الموضوع ولو لم يتضمن الشرط مستوى التحكيم؛ استجابة لإرادة الأطراف حتى لا تكون الدعوى سابقة لأوانها.
الخلاصة: إن شرط تسوية المنازعات متعدد الوسائل شرط ملزم وبالترتيب الوارد فيه، حتى وإن لم يتضمن شرط التحكيم، مما يعني وجوب إثارته من قبل أحد الأطراف ابتداءً قبل الدخول بموضوع الدعوى.
Adherence of Public Officials to the Disclosure of Conflict of Interest While Performing Their Job Responsibilities: A Comparative Study between French and Jordanian Law
Authors: Al-Zu’bi Hadeel Tayseer Mahmoud
Published: March 2024

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the legal framework regarding the duty of public officials to disclose conflicts of interest and draw lessons from the French experience. It identifies legislative gaps in Jordanian laws concerning the duties of public officials, the nature of conflicts of interest, and the mechanisms for disclosure during and after service.
Methods: This study utilized a descriptive, analytical, and comparative approach. It presented relevant legal texts defining the responsibilities of public officials, clarified the nature of conflicts of interest and their cases, analyzed and interpreted their content, and compared them with French law.
Results: The prevalence of conflicts of interest can be attributed to the lack of awareness among public officials due to the omission of a mechanism for mandatory disclosure and effective methods to confront these conflicts in Jordanian legislation. Furthermore, administrative control over public officials has not been adequately activated.
Conclusions: Legislative frameworks, both preventive and precautionary, are necessary to regulate the disclosure of conflicts of interest in public service. The study recommends adopting the French approach by establishing an independent administrative authority dedicated to public transparency. This authority would declare and publish employees' interests, prevent conflicts of interest, disclose, and mitigate their cases, and enhance transparency between citizens and the administration.
السياسة الشرعية في جريمة الابتزاز: دراسة فقهية
Authors: Ghidan Huda Yousef Ali
Published: March 2024

الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان أهمية السياسة الشرعية في معالجة المستجدات الفقهية. كما تهدف إلى معرفة أهم القواعد الفقهية المرتبطة بالعقوبات التعزيرية في جريمة الابتزاز، وإلى بيان خصائص جريمة الابتزاز، والمصطلحات المرادفة لها، والأدلة على تحريمها.
المنهجية: اعتمدت هذه الدراسة على المنهج الاستقرائي: وذلك من خلال استقراء النصوص الشرعية في الكتاب والسنة، ومن ثم بيان المنهج الشرعي في حفظ الضرورات الخمس. كما اعتمدت على المنهج التحليلي، وذلك من خلال دراسة ما جاء في النصوص الشرعية، وتحليلها وتفسيرها لاستنباط القواعد العامة المتعلقة بجريمة الابتزاز للحفاظ على أمن المجتمع واستقراره.
النتائج: توصلت الدراسة إلى أنّ الشريعة الإسلامية قادرة على معالجة المستجدات الفقهية، حيث أعطت السياسة الشرعية الحاكم صلاحية تقدير العقوبة المناسبة لجريمة الابتزاز بما ينسجم مع أحكام الشرع, ويحقق العدالة، من خلال تطبيق بعض القواعد الفقهية التي تهدف إلى جلب المصالح ودرء المفاسد ومنها: تصرف الإمام على الرعية منوط بالمصلحة، وقاعدة سدّ الذرائع، وقاعدة لا ينكر تغير الأحكام بتغير الزمان, وقاعدة لا ضرر ولا ضرار. ولم يكن الابتزاز بالصورة الحالية موجوداً في كتب قدامى الفقهاء، بالرغم من وجود بعض المصطلحات المرادفة له كالتهديد، والإكراه، وانتهاك الخصوصية، والتجسس وغيرها. وتمتاز جريمة الابتزاز بأنّها من الجرائم الناعمة, والعابرة للحدود، وتنفذ بسرعة عالية, ويصعب إثباتها في بعض الأحيان.
الخلاصة: إنّ جريمة الابتزاز من الجرائم غير محددة العقوبة، وترك أمر ذلك للحاكم بما يحقق المصلحة، ومن أهم مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية حفظ النفس، وتحريم الاعتداء عليها, فإذا كان التجسس والاطلاع على أسرار الآخرين محرماً، فكيف بمن يسطو عليها. وتوصي الدراسة بتشديد العقوبة التعزيرية على جريمة الابتزاز، لخطورتها على المجتمع بشكل عام، وتقنين العقوبات المناسبة لهذه الجريمة.
تعليق على قرار المحكمة الإدارية السورية: رقم /351/ لعام 2019
Authors: Saeed Tareeq Shawkt , Shabat Youssef , Al-Mohammed Khaled
Published: March 2024

الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدّراسة إلى التعليق على قرار المحكمة الإدارية السورية رقم /351/ لعام 2019، وتحديد أوجه القوة والضعف فيه لجهة النقاط التي أثارها القرار، وبيان مدى توافقه مع الاجتهاد الفقهي والقضائي.
المنهجية: اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الاستنباطي بعد مراجعة عدد من القرارات القضائية المتصلة بالقرار محل التعليق.
النتائج: توصلّت الدراسة إلى أنّ الاختصاص الأصيل في تحديد نطاق أعمال السيادة يعود للقضاء، وضرورة عدّ هذه الأعمال كاستثناء من أصل عام يقوم على اختصاص القضاء بالنظر في جميع المنازعات الإدارية. كما توصّلت الدراسة إلى أنّ سلطة التقدير الإدارية تَرِد على عناصر محددة في القرار، ولا يمكن أنْ تكون هذه السلطة دون قيود أو رقابة قضائية، وإنَّ الأعمال الإدارية التي تكون مُناطةً بلجانٍ فنيّةٍ متخصصةٍ وما تتوصل إليه من نتائج يُمثّل مساهمةً رئيسيةً منها في اتحاذ القرار النهائي.
الخلاصة: خلصت الدراسة إلى ضرورة مواكبة التطورات القضائية لأعمال السيادة، وحرية التقدير التي تتمتّع بها الإدارة، من خلال إعمال رقابة الخطأ البيّن التي من شأنها إدخال جميع التصرّفات التقديرية في الرقابة القضائية.
تفسير آیة الإكراه من سورة النحل: دراسة تحليلية
Authors: Abdul Rahman Ibtihaj Radi
Published: March 2024

الأهداف: يهدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة حكم النطق بكلمة الكفر من حيث الاختيار والإكراه والعزيمة والرخصة، وحدّ الإكراه المعتبر، مع ذكر أمثلة على ذلك في واقعنا المعاصر.
المنهجية: اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الاستقرائي؛ حيث تناولت آية الإكراه من سورة النحل بشكل مفصل حسب ورودها في القرءان، والمنهج التحليلي في تفسيرها، والمنهج الاستدلالي في عرض أقوال الفقهاء من أجل الوقوف على أرجح الأقوال وأوفقها بحال المكلّفين.
النتائج: توصلت الدراسة إلى حكم المسلم في الظروف التي قد يواجهها في واقعنا المعاصر، والتي قد تضطره إلى أن يقول أو يفعل أشياء لا تصل إلى درجة الكفر، أو قد تصل به أن يخرج عن إطار مألوفه، أو يزيغ قليلاً عن مبدئه دون رضى منه: مثل: التعذيب في المعتقلات والسجون، والتهديد بالقتل على الحواجز العسكرية، كما هو الحال في فلسطين والعراق وغير ذلك من بقاع الأرض. فللإنسان إن وقع تحت هذه الظروف أن ينحي نفسه بفعل ما يريده عدوه، وعليه أن يراعي حجم الضرورة وتقديرها قدرها.
الخلاصة: إن آية الإكراه من سورة النحل تنطبق على واقعنا المعاصر من خلال الظروف التي قد يخضع لها المسلمون؛ بأن يكره على كلمة الكفر، أو فعل الكفر: كأن يقوم بالتصليب أو الانحناء للصليب، أو يرضى به ظاهرًا بحيث يتم إهانة القرآن – مثلا- ولا يُظهر هذا المسلم امتعاضًا لذلك، كي لا يُقتل – مثلا-.
التجديد في علم أصول الفقه في العصر الحديث بين النظرية والتطبيق - تأليف: محمد فتحي محمـد العتربي
Authors: البرزنجي صباح
Published: March 2024

الكتاب الذي بين أيدينا، الذي نودُّ إلقاء الضوء عليه، هو كتاب "التجديد في عِلْم أصول الفِقْه في العصر الحديث بين النظرية والتطبيق" للدكتور محمد فتحي محمد العتربي؛ وهو باحثٌ جادٌّ من مصر، لديه خبرات تربوية وأكاديمية شرعية، وحاصلٌ على شهادات الليسانس والماجستير والدكتوراه في تخصُّص الشريعة الإسلامية، وقد صدرت له مُؤلَّفات قيِّمة، منها: "فِقْه النص الشرعي"، و"فِقْه المستقبل"، و"فِقْه المصارف الإسلامية"، و"فِقْه الشركات"؛ ما جعله أهلاً ليكون عضواً في المجلس الأعلى للشؤون الإسلامية، وفي عدد من المنتديات الثقافية والأهلية.
Lesiones de la vía biliar
Authors: Burgos San Juan Luis Alfonso , Hirsh Soto Michael , Klein Díaz Marcelo
Published: March 2024

La finalidad de esta revisión es mostrar el estado actual de las lesiones de vía biliar (LVB), producidas especialmente durante la colecistectomía laparoscópica. Revisaremos la etiopatogenia, los grados de compromiso biliar, las lesiones vasculares asociadas, las clasificaciones utilizadas y los factores de riesgo. Además la forma como evaluar oportunamente la magnitud de la lesión, tanto en la misma cirugía como en el postoperatorio. Igualmente se muestran las diversas alternativas terapéuticas empleadas. Todo con la finalidad de evitar graves complicaciones.
Extensa neumatosis venosa asociada a isquemia colónica transmural
Authors: Contreras Bertolo Caterina , Vela Ulloa Javier , Bellolio Roth Felipe
Published: March 2024

Infrecuente hallazgo de la neumatosis venosa y portal intrahepática extensa asociado a un cuadro de isquemia mesentérica en un paciente estable, donde a pesar de la clínica favorable se decidió hacer una exploración laparoscópica dado los hallazgos catastróficos en la tomografía.
Seis meses de entrenamiento en Colangiografía Endoscópica Retrograda en centro formador de alto volumen ¿es suficiente? Experiencia inicial en un hospital de la Araucanía.
Authors: Ross Reyes Gonzalo David , Pineda Etcheber Cristóbal Andrés , Diaz Diaz Italo Fabián
Published: March 2024

Introducción: La colangiopancreatografía endoscópica retrógrada (CPRE) es un procedimiento terapéutico para diversas patologías biliopancreáticas. Existen diversos centros de formación con una variedad de tiempos de practica para la realización de CPRE. Objetivo: Evaluar resultados iniciales post entrenamiento en endoscopia terapéutica en el Instituto Chileno-Japonés del Hospital San Borja Arriarán, analizando 150 CPRE consecutivas, describiendo aspectos técnicos, morbilidad y mortalidad, realizadas entre noviembre de 2017 a enero de 2019 por un único operador en un hospital de la Araucanía. Método: Análisis retrospectivo del registro prospectivo de los 150 primeros casos consecutivos de CPRE realizados en el hospital San José de Victoria (HSJV). Se midieron variables clínicas, técnicas y de laboratorio. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva con medidas de tendencia central, dispersión y tendencia extrema. Resultados: Serie de 150 pacientes sometidos a CPRE: Edad promedio 60,1 años, mediana de 65 y edades extremas 16-98 años. Sexo femenino 69,3%. Indicaciones CPRE: 67,3% coledocolitiasis sin colangitis, 16,7% colangitis aguda, 6% estenosis de vía biliar benigna, 3.3% tumor periampular. Todos apoyados por anestesista, 50.7% propofol y 49.3% anestesia general. Tasa de canulación biliar 96.7%. Precorte 19.3%. Complicaciones reportadas alcanzaron el 4.67%, sin mortalidad por el procedimiento en la serie.Conclusiones: Los resultados de esta serie muestran que la formación obtenida por el profesional logró los estándares sugeridos para un procedimiento efectivo y seguro, destacando una tasa de canulación del 96.7%, siendo superior a lo que las guías internacionales describen como exitosa. La morbilidad asociada a CPER es comparable a cifras nacionales e internacionales.
Lesión pancreática que esconde una transformación quística acinar
Authors: Forneiro Pérez Rocío , Dabán López Pablo , Moreno Cortés Clotilde
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: La transformación quística acinar del páncreas es una patología poco frecuente y que afecta en su mayoría a mujeres de mediana edad. Material y métodos: Presentamos el caso de dicha patología en un varón joven que debutó con dolor en hipocondrio izquierdo y en la pruebas de imagen se evidenció una lesión quística en cola pancreática de 50x45mm, con calcificaciones lineales. Se realizó pancreatectomía distal. Resultados: El diagnóstico anatomopatológico informó de transformación quística acinar. Discusión: Dada la dificultad de un diagnóstico preoperatorio, es frecuente someter al paciente a una intervención quirúrgica con una elevada morbilidad, a pesar de tratarse de una lesión benigna, ya que se siguen las indicaciones quirúrgicas para otras patologías quísticas pancreáticas. La presencia de mutaciones y el hecho de que algunos de ellos también presentan cambios epiteliales mucinosos, justificaría el debatir la posibilidad de mantener a estos pacientes bajo vigilancia a largo plazo.
Resultados funcionales en el tratamiento del prolapso rectal
Authors: Cortes Fuentes Victor Julio Alejandro , Azolas Marcos Rodrigo , Abedrapo Moreira Mario Antonio , Sanguineti Montalva Antonella Geovanna , Diaz Beneventi Mauricio Javier , Llanos Bravo Jose Luis
Published: March 2024

Introducción: El prolapso rectal es una entidad clínica poco frecuente, habitualmente acompañada de otras alteraciones del piso pélvico, con un impacto negativo en la calidad de vida. Existen pocos modelos de calidad de vida adaptados a nuestra realidad. Uno de ellos es el EQ-D5, adaptada por Olivares-Tirado.Objetivos: evaluar la calidad de vida y los resultados funcionales de la cirugía de prolapso entre 2015 y 2021 y correlacionarlos con las distintas técnicas abdominales.Material y Métodos: Este es un estudio retrospectivo, observacional, transversal y de cohorte. Se pesquisaron 84 pacientes, se incluyeron 59. Para el análisis de la calidad de vida se utilizó la Encuesta EQ-D5. Para complementar el estudio se midió el Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score y el Constipation Scoring System.Resultados: Hubo cambios significativos en todas las encuestas aplicadas a la mejoría en pre y postoperatorio, sin existir diferencias entre técnicas quirúrgicas, pero con menor índice de estadía postoperatoria en el grupo laparoscópico.Discusión: Existe una mejoría en la calidad de vida postoperatoria que se refleja en los índices obtenidos, independiente de la técnica quirúrgica, no obstante, esta se ve atenuada en pacientes recidivados, lo que se relaciona con la literatura, también sin encontrar diferencias entre las técnicas. Existe menos constipación postoperatoria en la técnica de rectopexia ventral.Conclusiones: Existe mejoría en la calidad de vida independiente de la técnica quirúrgica, sin cambios en pacientes recidivados. Ante ello, se debiera elegir la técnica más rápida y sencilla para el manejo, idealmente laparoscópica.
Hernia de la linea arcuata, una patologia poco difundida.
Authors: Gámez del Mauro Brenda Andrea , Carrasco Toledo Jaime , Rappoport Stramwasser Jaime
Published: March 2024

La hernia de la línea arcuata (HLA), es una entidad claramente reconocida, sin embargo, existen escasas publicaciones al respecto. Corresponde a un defecto en la vaina posterior del músculo recto del abdomen, separándose la línea arcuata del musculo, formando un bolsillo, lo que corresponde a un defecto interparietal y no una verdadera hernia. Probablemente este subdiagnosticado y sub reportado. Su relevancia es que puede constituir una parte relevante de las consultas en servicio de urgencia por dolor abdominal sin etiología demostrada1. El diagnóstico debe sospecharse ante la presencia de dolor abdominal de tipo orgánico, sin otra etiología demostrada. Se confirma con imágenes, especialmente la tomografía computada. El tratamiento, apoyándose en lo reportado en la literatura, sugiere que la vía laparoscópica, sería de elección.A continuación, analizamos la anatomía de la linea arcuata, la presentación clínica de esta afección, sus hallazgos imagenológicos, quirúrgicos, y las diferentes alternativas de tratamiento que se han propuesto en la literatura.
Escola, educação básica e analfabetismo estrutural no Brasil: a negação da escola aos trabalhadores
Authors: Silva dos Santos José Ronaldo , Batista Lima Sobrinho Tenório
Published: March 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a trajetória e a construção histórica do analfabetismo no Brasil, com vistas a debater sobre os programas e políticas de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Utilizamos como metodologia o levantamento bibliográfico e documental, com base nos principais indicadores socioeducacionais do país. O artigo traz como problema central a ausência de políticas públicas efetivas de EJA, também como reflexo de toda uma estrutura educacional que continua produzindo analfabetos funcionais e absolutos. Consideramos que esse tema precisa ser encarado com mais efetividade pelo poder público e pelo estado brasileiro no intuito de assegurar a inclusão desses sujeitos analfabetos e semianalfabetos nos processos educativos. A negação da educação escolar para as classes populares/classe trabalhadora vem se constituindo como o modus operandi das elites em manter o controle hegemônico das massas, ora negando a escola ora oferecendo-a de forma precária, o que acaba fatalmente contribuindo para o deserto educacional que assola o país com índices de analfabetismo funcional e absoluto que ainda persistem. É nessa perspectiva que o presente artigo vem trazer provocações ao leitor acerca desses processos de dominação histórica através da educação. De outro modo, consideramos que só a educação de base, de qualidade e na idade certa, somada a um processo massivo de alfabetização, é que se constitui como determinante nesse processo de mudanças e inserção educacional.
Kelayakan Usaha Produk Agroindustri Kentang Dari Aspek Pemasaran Di Desa Pinasungkulan Kecamatan Modoinding Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan
Authors: Soputan Angelia , Lolowang Tommy Ferdy , Baroleh Jenny
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the study was to analyze and determine the amount of production costs, revenue, profit and business feasibility of potato agro-industry in Pinasungkulan Village, Modoinding District, South Minahasa Regency. The research lasted for 2 months from September to October 2023. The data collected was obtained through primary data by conducting direct interviews at the research location to the leader (owner) of the Tanding Agroindustry company in Pinasungkulan Village, Modoinding District, and secondary data obtained from business bookkeeping records, literature/internet and journals related to the research. The method used in this research is the case study method. The results showed that the profit from the sparring potato product business in Pinasungkulan Village, Modoinding Subdistrict, South Minahasa Regency was IDR1.810.833 per week, in a month amounting to IDR7.243.332. The non-financial feasibility of tanding agro-industry business in market and marketing aspects and technical aspects is feasible. The financial feasibility of this agro-industry business is feasible with an R/C Ratio of 1,55 > 1.
Technical Condition Assessment and Remaining Useful Life Estimation of Choke Valves subject to Erosion
Authors: H. Nystad Bent , Gola Giulio , E. Hulsund John , Roverso Davide
Published: March 2024

Components that are part of an industrial process are normally degraded after some time in use. Efficient maintenance is of fundamental importance to the safety and economics of the plant operation. Predicting the future evolution of the degradation of components and estimating their remaining useful life are central elements for the implementation of optimal maintenance strategies. To achieve this, one must first identify the parameters providing a reliable indication of component performance or technical condition and then develop models for predicting their future trend. This paper presents an approach to tackle a practical problem concerning the estimation of remaining useful life of choke valves located topside at wells on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. Choke valves suffer from erosion due to sand production in mature fields and eventually need to be replaced. One indicator of the erosion process is the increase of the difference between the theoretical and estimated valve flow coefficients. To achieve a reliable estimate of this parameter an empirical model-based approach is used accounting also for the historical well test measures collected during the choke valve life. A gamma process is then devised to model the temporal variability trend of the erosion. Finally, the choke valve remaining useful file is estimated based on an erosion threshold established by expert judgment..
Bayesian Approach for Parameter Estimation in the Structural Analysis and Prognosis
Authors: Choi Jooho , An Dawn , Gang Jinhyuk , Joo Jinwon , Ho Kim Nam
Published: March 2024

In this study, a Bayesian framework is outlined for the parameter estimation that arises during the uncertainty quantification in the numerical simulation as well as in the prognosis of the structural performance. In the framework, the parameters are estimated in the form of posterior distribution conditional on the provided data. Several case studies that implement the estimation are presented to illustrate the concept. First one is an inverse estimation, in which the unknown input parameters are inversely estimated based on a finite number of measured response data. Next one is a metamodel uncertainty problem that arises when the original response function is approximated by a metamodel using a finite set of response values. Third and fourth one are a prognostics problem, in which the unknown parameters of the degradation model are estimated based on the monitored data. During the numerical implementation, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is employed, which is a modern computational technique for the efficient and straightforward estimation of parameters. Once the samples are obtained, one can proceed to the posterior predictive inference on the response at the unobserved points or at the future time in the form of confidence interval.
Integrated Software Platform for Fleet Data Analysis, Enhanced Diagnostics, and Safe Transition to Prognostics for Helicopter Component CBM
Authors: Patrick Romano , J. Smith Matthew , S. Byington Carl , J. Vachtsevanos George , Tom Kwok , Ly Canh
Published: March 2024

Although typical Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS) intend to support a transition from scheduled part replacements to performing maintenance upon evidence of need, they generally exhibit a limited ability to diagnose component faults early and accurately in complex systems such as a helicopter drive train. Consequently, the traditional approach to implementing Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) programs is slow, requires substantial amounts of human supervision (including case-by-case data analysis and results verification), and ultimately shuns prognostic activities. Causes of these limitations, which ultimately lead to an underrepresentation of prognostics in fielded CBM systems, include: (i) the sensitivity of sensors and condition indicators to signal noise and operating modes; (ii) use of empirical condition indicators not fully understood at the fleet-wide level; (iii) uncertainty in damage progression tracking; (iv) the inherent risk of condition prognosis; and (v) the lack diagnostic and prognostic validation with known fault cases.

To improve the performance of CBM systems and facilitate transition from scheduled maintenance to reliable implementation of diagnostics and prognostics, a team of developers from Impact Technologies, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the Georgia Institute of Technology, with support from the U.S. Army have been working over the past 21⁄2 years to develop a methodology that is capable of addressing the challenges listed. This work has been a part of the Air Vehicle Diagnostics and Prognostics Improvement

Program (A VDPIP), a collaborative agreement to develop, test and evaluate modular software components that provide enhancements to diagnostic systems already in service, as well as add failure prognosis capabilities for critical Army aircraft components. This paper presents the integrated diagnostic enhancement and prognostic architecture, as well as the software suite developed under the collaborative program, and discusses how a hybrid and systematic approach to sensing, data processing, fault feature extraction, fault diagnosis, and parallel health- based and usage-based failure prognosis can be used to improve the performance of a wide variety of HUMS and CBM activities in support of implementing prognostics. The software architecture contains generic components and algorithms building on model based and data driven methodologies that are applicable to a variety of critical components in complex systems such as those found in a helicopter drive train
Forecasting Spacecraft Telemetry Using Modified Physical Predictions
Authors: Mackey Ryan , Kulikov Igor
Published: March 2024

Among systems that provide sensor data of their performance, one approach to prognostic estimation is forecasting, i.e. prediction of measurable parameters and comparison of predicted values against established operational limits. Forecasting can be attempted statistically, or can be based on rigorous physical simulation. However, combining these approaches is difficult where system mode behavior or timing of system activities is uncertain, limiting the accuracy or applicability of a forecast.

In this paper we describe a method to modify simulation outputs to better match current telemetry. We begin with a familiar autoregressive approach to model residuals between predicted spacecraft performance, provided by physics-based modeling tools, and up-to-date spacecraft telemetry. This result is then improved by transforming the simulation result to better fit recent data, and the transformation is applied to generate more accurate future predictions. The method is suitable for real-time signal prediction. We will motivate this approach and characterize its performance using example telemetry from the NASA Mars Exploration Rover spacecraft.
Airborne Electro-Mechanical Actuator Test Stand for Development of Prognostic Health Management Systems
Authors: Balaban Edward , Saxena Abhinav , Narasimhan Sriram , Roychoudhury Indranil , F. Goebel Kai , T. Koopmans Michael
Published: March 2024

With the advent of the next generation of aerospace systems equipped with fly-by-wire controls, electromechanical actuators (EMA) are quickly becoming components critical to safety of aerospace vehicles. Being relatively new to the field, however, EMA lack the knowledge base compared to what is accumulated for the more traditional actuator types, especially when it comes to fault detection and prognosis. Scarcity of health monitoring data from fielded systems and prohibitive costs of carrying out real flight tests create the need to build high-fidelity system models and design affordable yet realistic experimental setups. The objective of this work is to build an EMA test stand that, unlike current laboratory stands typically weighing in excess of one metric ton, is portable enough to be easily placed aboard a wide variety of aircraft. This stand, named the FLEA (for Flyable Electromechanical Actuator test stand), allows testing EMA fault detection and prognosis technologies in flight environment, thus substantially increasing their technology readiness level – all without the expense of dedicated flights, as the stand is designed to function as a non-intrusive secondary payload. No aircraft modifications are required and data can be collected during any available flight opportunity: pilot currency flights, ferry flights, or flights dedicated to other experiments. The stand is currently equipped with a prototype version of NASA Ames developed prognostic health management system with models aimed at detecting and tracking several fault types. At this point the team has completed test flights of the stand on US Air Force C-17 aircraft and US Army UH-60 helicopters and more experiments, both laboratory and airborne, are planned for the coming months.
Fault Adaptive Control of Overactuated Systems Using Prognostic Estimation
Authors: M. Bole Brian , W. Brown Douglas , Pei Hai-Long , Goebel Kai , Tang Liang , Vachtsevanos George
Published: March 2024

Most fault adaptive control research addresses the preservation of system stability or functionality in the presence of a specific failure (fault). This paper ex- amines the fault adaptive control problem for a generic class of incipient failure modes, which do not initially affect system stability, but will eventually cause a catas- trophic failure to occur. This risk of catastrophic failure due a component fault mode is some monotonically in- creasing function of the load on the component. Assum- ing that a probabilistic prognostic model is available to evaluate the risk of incipient fault modes growing into catastrophic failure conditions, then fundamentally the fault adaptive control problem is to adjust component loads to minimize risk of failure, while not overly de- grading nominal performance. A methodology is pro- posed for posing this problem as a finite horizon con- strained optimization, where constraints correspond to maximum risk of failure and maximum deviation from nominal performance. Development of the methodol- ogy to handle a general class of overactuated systems is given. Also, the fault adaptive control methodology is demonstrated on an application example of practical significance, an electro-mechanical actuator (EMA) con- sisting of three DC motors geared to the same output shaft. Similar actuator systems are commonly used in aerospace, transportation, and industrial processes to ac- tuate critical loads, such as aircraft control surfaces. The fault mode simulated in the system is a temperature de- pendent motor winding insulation degradation.
Structural fatigue prognosis using limited sensor data
Authors: He Jingjing , Liu Yongming
Published: March 2024

In this paper, a general framework for concurrent structural fatigue prognosis using limited sensor data is developed. The Empirical Mode Decomposition method is employed to reconstruct the structural dynamical response for the critical spot susceptible to fatigue damage. The sensor data available at limited locations measured from the usage monitor system are decoupled into several Intrinsic Mode Functions using the Empirical Mode Decomposition method. Those IMFs are applied to extrapolate the dynamic response for the critical spot where the direct response measurements are unavailable. The extrapolated dynamic response time series for the critical spot is then integrated with a physical fatigue crack growth model for fatigue damage prognosis. The proposed procedure is demonstrated using a multi degree-of-freedom (MDOF) cantilever beam example. The proposed method has great potential for the real-time decision making in the vehicle health management framework due to its ability for the concurrent damage prognosis.
The Use of Prognostic Health Management for Autonomous Unmanned Air Systems
Authors: Glover William , Cross Joshua , Lucas Andrew , Stecki Chris , Stecki Jacek
Published: March 2024

Unmanned Air Systems (UAS) show great promise for a range of civilian applications, especially „dull, dirty or dangerous‟ missions such as air-sea rescue, coastal and border surveillance, fisheries protection and disaster relief. As the demand for autonomy increases, the importance of correctly identifying and responding to faults becomes more apparent, as fully autonomous systems must base their decisions solely upon the sensors readings they receive – as there is no human on board. A UAS must be capable of performing all the functions that would be expected from a human pilot, including reasoning about faults and making decisions about how to best mitigate their consequences, given the larger context of the overall mission. As these autonomous techniques are developed their benefits can also be realised in non-autonomous systems, as realtime aids to human operators or crew. This paper proposes a novel approach to PHM that combines advanced Functional Failure Mode Analysis with a reasoning system, to provide effective PHM for autonomous systems and improved diagnosis capability for manned aircraft.
Turn-off Time as a Precursor for Gate Bipolar Transistor Latch-up Faults in Electric Motor Drives
Authors: Brown Douglas , Abbas Manzar , Ginart Antonio , Ali Irfan , Kalgren Patrick , Vachtsevanos George
Published: March 2024

In this paper, effects preceding a latch-up fault in insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are studied as they manifest within an electric motor drive system. Primary failure modes associated with IGBT latch-up faults are reviewed. Precursors to latch-up, primarily an increase in turn-off time and junction temperature, are examined for the IGBT. In addition, the relationship between junction temperature and turn-off time is explained by examining the semiconductor properties of an IGBT. To evaluate the effects preceding latch-up, seeded fault testing is conducted using aged transistors induced with a fault located in the die-attach solder layer. Since junction temperature cannot be directly measured, the transistor turn-off time is used as a measured system parameter to correlate between healthy and fault conditions. The experimental results provide statistically signiﬁcant evidence (within 99% conﬁdence) that an IGBT latchup event, caused by elevated junction temperatures, can be detected by monitoring the transistor turn-off time insitu.
Identification of Equivalent Damage Growth Parameters for General Crack Geometry
Authors: Coppe Alexandra , J. Pais Matthew , Kim Nam-Ho , T.Haftka Raphael
Published: March 2024

Analytical damage growth equations, such as Paris law, need the stress intensity factor for predicting damage growth. Analytical expressions for the stress intensity factor are available only for simple crack locations, geometries and loading conditions. Therefore, actual damage growth requires numerical solution, such as by finite elements. However, for estimating the uncertainty in remaining useful life (RUL), thousands of simulations of crack growth must be undertaken, which is computationally expensive. Here, an estimate of the error associated with RUL estimation based on an analytical stress intensity factor that does not consider the effects of boundary conditions, crack location or complex geometry is introduced. An effective damage parameter is identified which, although different from the true value, results in accurate damage growth prediction. Actual damage growth is simulated using the extended finite element method (XFEM) to model the effects of crack location and geometry on the relationship between crack size and stress intensity factor. The XFEM data are then perturbed with noise to simulate measurements. The damage growth parameter is then identified using least square filtered Bayesian (LSFB) method. The identified parameter can then be used with the model to estimate the RUL. Examples include center and edge cracks in a plate that experiences both horizontal and vertical finite effects and stress concentration caused by the presence of holes. For these examples, it is found that the RUL estimates are accurate even when an inaccurate stress intensity factor model is used.
Prognostics and Health Monitoring in the Presence of Heterogeneous Information
Authors: Bartram Gregory , Mahadevan Sankaran
Published: March 2024

Diagnosis and prognosis methodologies have used dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) to fuse many types of information. These methodologies, however, fuse problem- specific information and focus only on a subset of information types. By using only a subset of information, the interactions between or individual behaviors of subsystems, components, and faults may not be fully realized. In this paper, a general framework for system level diagnosis and prognosis of a mechanical system in the presence of heterogeneous information using dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) is proposed. Due to their ability to fuse heterogeneous information — information in a variety of formats from various sources — and give a probabilistic representation of a system, DBNs provide a platform naturally suited for diagnosis and uncertainty quantification. In the proposed methodology, a DBN is first constructed via an established machine learning algorithm from heterogeneous information. The DBN is then used to track the system and detect faults by monitoring the Bayes’ factor of the system state estimate. When a fault occurs, the underlying system model changes, and the Bayes’ factor of the DBN system model decreases. The state estimate provided by tracking indicates the most likely fault scenario and quantifies the diagnosis uncertainty. Estimation of remaining useful life and quantification of uncertainty in prognosis can then proceed based upon the diagnosis results. The proposed methodology is then demonstrated using a cantilever beam example with a possible loose bolt at the connection or a crack in the middle of the span.
An Evidential Evolving Prognostic Approach and its Application to PRONOSTIA’s Data Streams
Authors: Serir Lisa , Ramasso Emmanuel , Zerhouni Noureddine
Published: March 2024

The research activity in the PHM community is in full bloom and many efforts are being made to develop more realistic and reliable methodologies. However, there still exist very few real-world applications due to the complexity of the systems of interest. Nonlinear dynamical systems identification and behavior prediction are difficult problems encountered in prognosis. The difficulty in switching from theory to practice can partially be explained by the existence of different kinds of uncertainty at each step of the implementation that must be taken into account with the appropriate tools. In this paper, we propose an evolving multi-modeling approach for the detection, the adaptation and the combination of local models in order to analyze complex systems behavior. It relies on belief functions in order to take into consideration the uncertainty related to the available data describing the system as well as the uncertainty generated by the nonlinearity of the system. The information of doubt explicitly represented in the belief functions framework is exploited to properly segment the data and take into account the uncertainty related to the transitions between the operating regions. The proposed algorithm is validated on a data provided by PRONOSTIA platform.
An Unscented Kalman Filter Based Approach for the HealthMonitoring and Prognostics of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cel
Authors: Zhang Xian , Pisu Pierluigi
Published: March 2024

Poor long-term performance and durability combined with high production and maintenance costs remain the main obstacles for the commercialization of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). While on-line diagnosis and operating condition optimization play an important role in addressing the durability issue of the fuel cell, health-monitoring and prognosis (or PHM) techniques are of equally great significance in terms of scheduling condition-based maintenance (CBM) to minimize repair and maintenance costs, the associated operational disruptions, and also the risk of unscheduled downtime for the fuel cell systems.

In this paper, an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) approach is proposed for the purpose of damage tracking and remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of a PEMFC. To implement this model-based PHM framework, a physics-based, prognostic-oriented catalyst degradation model is developed to characterize the fuel cell damage that establishes the relationship between the operating conditions and the degradation rate of the electro-chemical surface area (ECSA). The model complexity is kept minimal for on-line prognostic purpose. Simulation is carried out for validation of the proposed algorithm, using a more detailed catalyst degradation model.
Remaining Useful Life Prognostics for Lithium-ion Battery Based on Gaussian Processing Regression Combined with the Empirical Model
Authors: Yin Shan , Pang Jingyue , Liu Datong , Peng Yu
Published: March 2024

Data-driven techniques based on Bayesian framework like Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) can not only predict the lithium-ion battery Remaining Useful Life (RUL), but also provide the uncertainty representation. However, it is always difficult to choose the covariance function of GPR and the confidence bound is usually large if the training data are not enough. In order to solve this problem, a combining method is proposed, it is a prognostic framework based on GPR model combined with Empirical Model (EMGPR) to realize the lithium-ion battery RUL prediction. EMGPR has the advantages of predicting the tendency and uncertainty management for RUL estimation. The modeling process of EMGPR consists of two steps. The self-deterministic part, which reflects the real physical process of battery degradation, is approximated by the empirical model. And the disturbance part, which is caused by random noise such as measurement and environment noise, is expressed by the GPR model. In application, two key factors of EMGPR are focused. Firstly, the prediction result is not accurate enough if the training data are not very reliable. In this case, more reliable training data should be selected optimized. Secondly, the characteristic of the disturbance is involved to determine the kernel function of GPR model. With this EMGPR framework, the RUL result is estimated with uncertainty representation, as well, the covariance function of GPR is easy to choose. Experiments with NASA PCoE and CALCE battery data show the satisfactory result can be obtained with the EMGPR approach.
Learning Diagnoser and Supervision Pattern in Discrete Event System: Application to Crisis Management
Authors: Traore Moussa , Sayed-Mouchaweh Moamar , Billaudel Patrice
Published: March 2024

The increase of natural, industrial disasters and diverse crisis has stimulated more research interest in the world. A crisis can be industrial accident, train accident, earthquake, and etc. However, the crisis management is currently an important challenge for medical service and research, to develop new technical of decision support system to guide the decision makers. Crisis management is a special type of collaboration, therefore several aspects must be considered. The more important aspect or problem in a crisis management, is the coordination (and communication) between different ac- tors and groups involved in the management. In this paper the focus is how to handle the coordination and interaction between these different actors and groups involved in crisis management by using a finite state automaton. The representation of the crisis management as a set of couple of states and events allows to optimize the crisis management by having real time the evolution of the situation and the prediction of their evolution at their earliest.
On Optimizing Anomaly Detection Rules for Gas Turbine Health Monitoring
Authors: Yan Weizhong , Yu Lijie , Sherbahn Jim , Brahmakshatriya Umang
Published: March 2024

Gas turbine health monitoring is a critical process in preventing costly unplanned maintenance and secondary damage. To monitor gas turbine health, control signals are typically collected and analyzed using anomaly detection rules and models to assess failure likelihood based on observed data patterns. An analytic designer will often deal with rule optimization tasks in order to maximize failure detection and reduce false alarms. Manual tradeoff analysis is typically time consuming and suboptimal. In this paper, we attempt to address this issue by introducing a strategy for automatic and efficient rule optimization. By focusing on optimizing rule parameters while keeping rule structure intact, we maximize the rule performance by integrating domain knowledge with data driven optimization techniques. Realizing that automated rule tuning can be computationally expensive and infeasible to complete in reasonable time, we will leverage our recently-developed scalable learning framework - iScale that allows for automatically distributing rule tuning tasks to a large number of cloud computers, which not only dramatically speeds up tuning process, but also enables us to handle big size of historical data for tuning. We also explore different search methods to make rule tuning more efficient and effective and finally demonstrate our rule optimization strategy by a real-world application.