bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Antimicrobial Potential of Portuguese Propolis Extracts from Gerês against Pathogenic Microorganisms
Authors: Oliveira Rafaela Dias , Araújo Carina , Almeida-Aguiar Cristina
Published: July 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of humanity’s main health problems today. Despite all the breakthroughs and research over the past few years, the number of microbial illnesses that are resistant to the available antibiotics is increasing at an alarming rate. In this article, we estimated the biomedical potential of Portuguese propolis harvested from the Gerês apiary over five years, evaluating the in vitro antimicrobial effect of five hydroalcoholic extracts prepared from five single propolis samples and of a hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the mixture of all samples. The antimicrobial potential was firstly assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these extracts against a panel of three Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and one Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), as well as two yeasts (Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). As MIC values against each bacterium were consistent across all the evaluated propolis extracts, we decided to further conduct a disk diffusion assay, which included three commercial antibiotics—erythromycin, vancomycin, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid—for comparison purposes. In addition to displaying a concentration-dependent antibacterial effect, the hydroalcoholic extracts prepared with 70% ethanol exhibited stronger antimicrobial capacity than vancomycin against B. subtilis (% of increase ranged between 26 and 59%) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (% of increase ranged between 63 and 77%). Moreover, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) showed susceptibility to the activity of the same extracts and resistance to all tested antibiotics. These findings support that propolis from Gerês is a promising natural product with promising antimicrobial activity, representing a very stimulating result considering the actual problem with AMR.
Isolation, Characterization, and Functional Properties of Antioxidant Peptides from Mulberry Leaf Enzymatic Hydrolysates
Authors: Zhou Yichen , Zhang Rijun , Wang Junyong , Tong Yucui , Zhang Jing , Li Zhenzhen , Zhang Haosen , Abbas Zaheer , Si Dayong , Wei Xubiao
Published: July 2024

Recent evidence suggests that mulberry leaves have good antioxidant activity. However, what the antioxidant ingredient is and how the ingredient works are still not well understood. In this study, we enzymatically hydrolyze mulberry leaf proteins (MLPs) using neutral protease and find that the mulberry leaf protein hydrolysates (MLPHs) have stronger antioxidant activity compared to MLPs. We separate the core antioxidant components in MLPHs by ion-exchange columns and molecular sieves and identify 798 antioxidant peptides by LC-MS/MS. Through bioinformatics analysis and biochemical assays, we screen two previously unreported peptides, P6 and P7, with excellent antioxidant activities. P6 and P7 not only significantly reduce ROS in cells but also improve the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT. In addition, both peptides are found to exert protective effects against H2O2-induced chromatin damage and cell apoptosis. Collectively, these results provide support for the application of mulberry leaf peptides as antioxidants in the medical, food and livestock industries.
Multicriteria Decision Model for Port Evaluation and Ranking: An Analysis of Container Terminals in Latin America and the Caribbean Using PCA-TOPSIS Methodologies
Authors: Pabón-Noguera Adriana , Carrasco-García María Gema , Ruíz-Aguilar Juan Jesús , Rodríguez-García María Inmaculada , Cerbán-Jimenez María , Domínguez Ignacio José Turias
Published: July 2024

In recent years, despite a decline in international trade and disruptions in the supply chain caused by COVID-19, the main container terminals in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have increased their container volumes. This growth has necessitated significant adaptations by seaports and their authorities to meet new demands. Consequently, there has been a focused analysis on the performance, efficiency, and competitiveness, particularly their most relevant logistical aspects. In this paper, a multi-objective hybrid approach was employed. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique was combined with the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to rank LAC container terminals and identify operational criteria affecting efficiency. The analysis considered all input variables (berth/quay length, quay draught, yard area, number of quay cranes (portainer), number of yard cranes (trastainer), reachstacker, multicranes, daily montainer movement capacity, number of station reefer container type, number of terminals, and distance to the Panama Canal) and output variable (port performance expressed in TEUs from 2014 to 2023). The results revealed noteworthy findings for several terminals, particularly Colón, Santos, or Cartagena, which stands out as the main container port in LAC not only in annual TEUs throughput, but also in resource utilization.
Intelligent Surveillance of Airport Apron: Detection and Location of Abnormal Behavior in Typical Non-Cooperative Human Objects
Authors: Li Jun , Dong Xiangqing
Published: July 2024

Most airport surface surveillance systems focus on monitoring and commanding cooperative objects (vehicles) while neglecting the location and detection of non-cooperative objects (humans). Abnormal behavior by non-cooperative objects poses a potential threat to airport security. This study collects surveillance video data from civil aviation airports in several regions of China, and a non-cooperative abnormal behavior localization and detection framework (NC-ABLD) is established. As the focus of this paper, the proposed framework seamlessly integrates a multi-scale non-cooperative object localization module, a human keypoint detection module, and a behavioral classification module. The framework uses a serial structure, with multiple modules working in concert to achieve precise position, human keypoints, and behavioral classification of non-cooperative objects in the airport field. In addition, since there is no publicly available rich dataset of airport aprons, we propose a dataset called IIAR-30, which consists of 1736 images of airport surfaces and 506 video clips in six frequently occurring behavioral categories. The results of experiments conducted on the IIAR-30 dataset show that the framework performs well compared to mainstream behavior recognition methods and achieves fine-grained localization and refined class detection of typical non-cooperative human abnormal behavior on airport apron surfaces.
Outcomes of Biophilic Design for Schools
Authors: Browning William , Determan Jim
Published: July 2024

Biophilia is the theory that humans are innately connected to nature. As a basis for forming built space, biophilic design has been proven to reduce stress, improve cognition and enhance mood—it makes us happier. In the last 20 years, research in learning spaces has shown an association between biophilic design and student mood, calmness and improved standardized test scores. In 2019, a group of architects, scientists and educators led an experiment involving 6th-grade Math students at the Green Street Academy, which found that student stress was significantly reduced and learning significantly improved in a classroom enriched with biophilic strategies. The architects applied these strategies to the design of Bethel Hanberry Elementary School, and after a year of occupancy, an independent assessment found positive perceptions of the biophilic design, fewer behavior referrals, better teacher retention, lower absenteeism and improved test scores. In both a controlled research experiment and real-world application, the design of learning space, using biophilic strategies, has a significant impact.
Developing a Swallow-State Monitoring System Using Nasal Airflow, Surface Electromyography, and Thyroid Cartilage Movement Detection
Authors: Shieh Wann-Yun , Khan Mohammad Anwar , Shieh Ya-Cheng
Published: July 2024

The safe ingestion of food and water requires appropriate coordination between the respiratory and swallowing pathways. This coordination can be disrupted because of aging or various diseases, thereby resulting in swallowing disorders. No comparative research has been conducted on methods for effectively screening swallowing disorders in individuals and providing timely alerts to their caregivers. Therefore, the present study developed a monitoring and alert system for swallowing disorders by using three types of noninvasive sensors, namely those measuring nasal airflow, surface electromyography signals, and thyroid cartilage movement. Two groups of participants, one comprising healthy individuals (58 participants; mean age 49.4 years) and another consisting of individuals with a history of unilateral stroke (21 participants; mean age 54.4 years), were monitored when they swallowed five volumes of water. Through an analysis of the data from both groups, seven indicators of swallowing disorders were identified, and the proposed system characterized the individual’s swallowing state as having a green (safe), yellow (unsafe), or red (highly unsafe) status on the basis of these indicators. The results indicated that the symptoms of swallowing disorders are detectable. Healthcare professionals can then use these data to conduct assessments, perform screening, and provide nutrient intake suggestions.
Quality of Sleep and Mental Symptoms Contribute to Health-Related Quality of Life after COVID-19 Pneumonia, a Follow-Up Study of More than 2 Years
Authors: Jáuregui-Renaud Kathrine , Cooper-Bribiesca Davis , Miguel-Puga José Adán , Alcantara-Calderón Yadira , Roaro-Figueroa María Fernanda , Herrera-Ocampo Mariana , Guzmán-Chacón Melodie Jedid
Published: July 2024

A follow-up study was designed to assess correlations among physical signs, quality of sleep, common mental symptoms, and health-related quality of life after moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Daily changes in dyspnoea and pulse oximetry were recorded (200 days), and four evaluations (in >2 years) were performed on quality of sleep, mental symptoms, cognitive performance, and health-related quality of life. In a single center, 72 adults participated in the study (52.5 ± 13.7 years old), with no psychiatry/neurology/chronic lung/infectious diseases, chronic use of corticosteroids/immunosuppressive therapy, or pregnancy. Daily agendas showed delayed decreases in dyspnoea scores compared to pulse oximetry and heart rate recordings; however, changes in pulse oximetry were minimal. Slight changes in cognitive performance were related to the general characteristics of the participants (obesity and tobacco use) and with the severity of acute disease (MANCOVA, p < 0.001). Health-related quality of life gradually improved (MANCOVA, p < 0.004). During recovery, bad quality of sleep and mental symptoms (mainly attention/concentration) contributed to the subscores on health perception and vitality in the health-related quality of life assessment. Early mental support services including sleep hygiene could be beneficial during rehabilitation after acute COVID-19.
Early Challenges in the Implementation of Automated CranialRebuild Freeware for Generation of Patient-Specific Cranial Implant Using Additive Manufacturing: A Pilot Project in Review
Authors: Strelko Oleksandr , Aryal Manish Raj , Zack Abigail , Alfawares Yara , Remenyi Roland , Bayan Ian Kristopher , Briones Yumi L. , Holovenko Yaroslav , Maksymenko Maksym , Sirko Andrii , Anand Sam , Forbes Jonathan A.
Published: July 2024

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a significant global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where access to medical resources is limited. Decompressive craniectomy (DHC) is a common procedure to alleviate elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) following TBI, but the cost of subsequent cranioplasty can be prohibitive, especially in resource-constrained settings. We describe challenges encountered during the beta-testing phase of CranialRebuild 1.0, an automated software program tasked with creating patient-specific cranial implants (PSCIs) from CT images. Two pilot clinical teams in the Philippines and Ukraine tested the software, providing feedback on its functionality and challenges encountered. The constructive feedback from the Philippine and Ukrainian teams highlighted challenges related to CT scan parameters, DICOM file arrays, software limitations, and the need for further software improvements. CranialRebuild 1.0 shows promise in addressing the need for affordable PSCIs in LMICs. Challenges and improvement suggestions identified throughout the beta-testing phase will shape the development of CranialRebuild 2.0, with the aim of enhancing its functionality and usability. Further research is needed to validate the software’s efficacy in a clinical setting and assess its cost-effectiveness.
From Screen to Table: How Douyin Food Bloggers Stimulate and Convert Viewer Interests
Authors: Guo Ruoqing , Yang Ziqing , Gao Hao
Published: July 2024

In the era of social media, the influence of food exploration bloggers is increasingly apparent. Sharing their culinary experiences stimulates the audience’s interest in visiting and consuming food destinations. This paper seeks to understand how the characteristics of food exploration bloggers on the Douyin platform influence audience perceptions of food and locations and how these perceptions may relate to visiting intentions, using the stimulus–organism–response (SOR) model. A cross-sectional online survey analyzed responses from 437 individuals interested in food exploration videos on Douyin. The results indicate that source credibility is significantly associated with the stimulation of taste desires and the formation of taste awareness. The audience’s taste desire and taste awareness are positively linked to the intention to visit. This study contributes to the expansion of the SOR model’s application in digital media, underscoring the substantial role of social media in influencing audience consumption intentions. It highlights that as an effective communication tool, social media can significantly impact users’ behavioral responses and consumption decisions.
Performance Evaluation of Multiple Aging-Regeneration of SBS-Modified Bitumen Regenerated by a Composite Rejuvenator
Authors: Xu Song , Xu Bingtao , Liulin Shishui , Cai Shaoxu , Tang Guangming , Pan Shilong
Published: July 2024

In this study, compound regeneration of SBS-modified bitumen (SMB) was carried out by a composite rejuvenator composed of furfural extraction oil (FEO) and 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether (HDDGE) in the presence of catalyst triethanolamine (TEOA). SMB was subjected to three aging-regeneration cycles, and the physical and rheological properties, toughness and tenacity, and chemical structures of the SMB after each aging-regeneration cycle were tested to investigate the regeneration effect of the composite rejuvenator on SMB at different numbers of cycles. The ductility decreases and low-temperature properties deteriorate as the number of cycles increased, but the high-temperature properties of the SMB are improved. The complex modulus aging index and phase angle aging index indicate that the viscous behavior of SMB weakens after the second and third aging. The degree of viscoelasticity and toughness recovery decreases with the increase in the number of cycles, and the tenacity of SMB after the third aging-regeneration cycle is basically lost. The results of the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra tests prove that with the increase in the aging–regeneration cycles of SMB, the intensity of FTIR peaks of oxygen-containing functional groups is greater, and the recovery of aged SMB is gradually weakened.
Enhancement of Compressive Strength and Durability of Sulfate-Attacked Concrete
Authors: Han Meiqin , Li Jianguo
Published: July 2024

This experimental study is carried out in order to improve the properties of sulfate-attacked concrete. The concrete specimens were immersed in 15% Na2SO4 solution before being protected with a concrete repairing agent (CRA). The effects of sulfate corrosion time, the curing time after being attacked, and the concrete repairing agent on concrete were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the properties slightly increased after being attacked by sulfate for 60 days than for 30 days. However, they decreased after being attacked by sulfate for 90 days. CRA could effectively improve the properties of sulfate-attacked concrete. After being re-cured for 7 days, the properties of the sulfate-attacked concrete were significantly improved in comparison with those of the specimens taken out from the sulfate solution immediately. When the specimens were attacked for three months, the compressive strength of specimens coated with CRA was increased by 6.1%, 6.4%, and 6.4% compared to that of the specimens without CRA after being cured for 7 to 56 days, respectively. The carbonation depth of concrete specimens with CRA was reduced by 4.6%, 8.3%, and 4.9%, respectively. However, the chloride ion permeation coefficient of concrete with CRA decreased by 20.3%, 28.5%, and 28.7%, respectively, for the concrete immersed in sulfate for one month.
Novel Superhard Tetragonal Hybrid sp3/sp2 Carbon Allotropes Cx (x = 5, 6, 7): Crystal Chemistry and Ab Initio Studies
Authors: Matar Samir F. , Solozhenko Vladimir L.
Published: July 2024

Novel superhard tetragonal carbon allotropes C5, C6, and C7, characterized by the presence of sp3- and sp2-like carbon sites, have been predicted from crystal chemistry and extensively studied by quantum density functional theory (DFT) calculations. All new allotropes were found to be cohesive, with crystal densities and cohesive energies decreasing along the C5-C6-C7 series due to the greater openness of the structures resulting from the presence of C=C ethene and C=C=C propadiene subunits, and they were mechanically stable, with positive sets of elastic constants. The Vickers hardness evaluated by different models qualifies all allotropes as superhard, with Hv values ranging from 90 GPa for C5 to 79 GPa for C7. Phonon band structures confirm that the new allotropes are also dynamically stable. The electronic band structures reveal their metallic-like behavior due to the presence of sp2-hybridized carbon.
Surgical Interventions Following Radiotherapy in Spinal Metastases with Intermediate Instability: A Risk Factor Analysis: The Korean Society of Spinal Tumor Multicenter Study (KSST 2022-02)
Authors: Park Se-Jun , Kim Jin Ho , Ahn Yong Chan , Koom Woong Sub , Byun Hwa Kyung , Kim Young-Hoon , Kim Sang-Il , Kang Dong-Ho ,   on behalf of the Korean Society of Spinal Tumor
Published: July 2024

Background: One important determinant in choosing a treatment modality is spinal instability. Clear management guidelines are suggested for stable and unstable spinal metastatic lesions, but lesions in the intermediate instability category (SINS [spinal instability neoplastic score] score of 7–12) remain a clinical dilemma. This study aims to analyze the risk factors necessitating surgical intervention after radiotherapy (RT) in patients with those lesions. Methods: A multicenter cohort of 469 patients with spinal metastases of intermediate instability who received radiotherapy (RT) as the initial treatment between 2019 and 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. All patients were neurologically intact at the time of RT. According to the performance of surgical intervention after RT, various clinical and radiographic risk factors for surgical intervention were compared between surgery and non-surgery groups using uni- and multivariate analyses. A recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was performed using significant determinants identified in multivariate analysis. Results: The mean age at the time of RT was 59.9 years and there were 198 females. The lung was the most common primary site. During the mean follow-up duration of 18.2 months, surgical treatment was required in 79 (17.9%) of patients. The most common surgical method was decompressive laminectomy with stabilization (62.0%), followed by vertebrectomy with stabilization (22.8%) and stabilization only (15.2%). The mean SINS for the total cohort was 9.0. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that the primary tumor site of the lung, liver, and kidney, higher Bilsky grades of ESCC, lytic bone lesions, and higher EQD210 were significant risk factors for surgical intervention after RT. Among them, Bilsky grade, primary tumor type of the lung, liver, and kidney, and EQD210 were the most important determinants for expecting the probability of surgical intervention on RPA. Conclusions: Surgical intervention was performed in 17.9% of patients with intermediate instability after RT as the initial treatment. The primary tumor site of the lung, liver, and kidney, higher Bilsky grade of ESCC, and EQD210 were the most important determinants for expecting the probability of surgical intervention. Therefore, the optimal treatment strategy needs to be devised by carefully evaluating the risk of surgical intervention.
Post-Synthetically Treated ERI and SSZ-13 Zeolites Modified with Copper as Catalysts for NH3-SCR-DeNOx
Authors: Robles Alejandro Mollá , Deplano Gabriele , Góra-Marek Kinga , Rotko Marek , Wach Anna , Lukman Muhammad Fernadi , Bertmer Marko , Signorile Matteo , Bordiga Silvia , Pöppl Andreas , Gläser Roger , Jabłońska Magdalena
Published: July 2024

ERI and SSZ-13 were subjected to post-synthetic treatments (depending on the zeolite topology) to create micro-/mesoporous materials. The results in terms of NH3-SCR-DeNOx show that the applied treatments improved the catalytic activity of the Cu-containing ERI-based materials; however, the NO conversion did not vary for the different materials treated with NaOH or NaOH/HNO3. For the micro-/mesoporous Cu-containing SSZ-13, a lower NO conversion in NH3-SCR-DeNOx was observed. Thus, our findings challenge the current paradigm of enhanced activity of micro-/mesoporous catalysts in NH3-SCR-DeNOx. The modification of the supports results in the presence of different amounts and kinds of copper species (especially isolated Cu2+ and aggregated Cu species) in the case of ERI- and SSZ-13-based samples. The present copper species further differentiate the formation of reactive reaction intermediates. Our studies show that besides the μ-η2,η2-peroxo dicopper(II) complexes (verified by in situ DR UV-Vis spectroscopy), copper nitrates (evidenced by in situ FT-IR spectroscopy) also act as reactive intermediates in these catalytic systems.
Study of the Effects of Novel Analogs of Calebin-A on Melanogenesis
Authors: Goenka Shilpi , Nagabhushanam Kalyanam , Majeed Muhammed
Published: July 2024

In our previous study, we documented the anti-melanogenic efficacy of calebin-A (CBA), which is a curcuminoid analog. The effects of its newly synthesized analogs, i.e., bisdemethoxy calebin (BD), demethoxycalebin-1 (DA1), demethoxycalebin-2 (DA2), and tetrahydrocalebin-A (THCBA), on melanogenesis have not been examined yet. Herein, we evaluated these four CBA analogs to determine their impacts on the enzymatic activity of mushroom tyrosinase. Additionally, we examined their effects on melanogenesis and the tyrosinase activity in B16F10 mouse and MNT-1 human melanoma cells. The antioxidant activity of the analogs was also assessed. Our results revealed that BD was ineffective, while DA1 and DA2 showed similar antioxidant activities, with THCBA exhibiting the greatest antioxidant activity. Next, the diphenolase activity assay results revealed that DA1 showed the most excellent inhibitory efficacy, DA2 and BD showed similar inhibition profiles, and THCBA was ineffective. In addition, the results of the monophenolase activity showed a similar pattern, except that THCBA suppressed the activity. The four analogs were evaluated for any cytotoxicity over a 48 h duration in B16F10 and HaCaT keratinocytes, where DA1 exerted cytotoxicity at the concentration of 50 µM. Based on this, the analogs were evaluated over a 10–50 µM concentration range, while DA1 was evaluated over 10–35 µM. BD showed the greatest efficacy at multiple concentrations in significantly diminishing melanogenesis in hormone-stimulated B16F10 cells, while DA1 and DA2 suppressed melanin at 35 and 50 µM, respectively, and THCBA stimulated melanogenesis at 50 µM. In addition, BD and DA1 suppressed tyrosinase activity in B16F10 cells, with no effect in the case of DA2 and THCBA analogs. However, in MNT-1 cells, only DA1 showed efficacy in suppressing melanin production while the other three analogs were ineffective. Interestingly, BD and DA1 suppressed MNT-1 cell tyrosinase activity. Collectively, our results indicate that of the four analogs, DA1 merits further investigation as a potential compound for hyperpigmentation skin disorders. Additional research is necessary to delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying the melanogenesis-inhibitory effect of CBA analogs and examine their efficacy in diminishing melanogenesis in normal human melanocytes.
Quality of Life Assessment Using the WHOQOL-BREF Survey in Hospitalized Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder from Romania
Authors: Bratu Melania Lavinia , Sandesc Dorel , Anghel Teodora , Dehelean Liana , Bondrescu Mariana , Bratosin Felix , Tudor Raluca
Published: July 2024

This cross-sectional analysis aimed to assess the quality of life (QoL) among hospitalized patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) in Romania, utilizing the WHOQOL survey. Conducted from January to December 2023 in the Psychiatry Clinic of the “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Clinical Hospital in Timisoara, this study engaged 70 participants, adhering to ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Employing the WHOQOL-BREF instrument, the research hypothesized that AUD patients would show significantly lower QoL scores across its domains compared to general population norms. The study focused on identifying the QoL domains most impacted by AUD, exploring correlations between QoL scores and AUD background characteristics, and pinpointing intervention areas for patient care improvement. Participants were predominantly males (88.57%) with a middle-aged average of 55.51 years. Educational backgrounds varied, with a notable percentage having attended college (44.29%) or university (17.14%). Regarding marital status, 41.43% were married. Comorbidities were present in 52.86% of the sample, with hypertension being the most common (34.29%). Results showed mean QoL scores in the physical (61.84 ± 16.05), psychological (64.11 ± 17.16), social (60.48 ± 24.85), and environmental (68.44 ± 17.34) domains, revealing a significant diversity in satisfaction levels across these areas. Statistical analyses highlighted marital status as significantly associated with a better QoL in the physical domain, with married, co-habiting, and divorced participants reporting higher scores compared to single ones. In conclusion, while AUD significantly affects the QoL of hospitalized patients in Romania, marital status emerges as a critical factor in mitigating these effects, particularly in the physical domain of QoL. These findings underscore the complexity of AUD’s impact on QoL and the importance of considering sociodemographic factors in patient care practices and interventions. The study contributes valuable insights into the nuanced relationship between AUD and QoL, proposing a foundation for enhancing care outcomes for AUD patients in Romania.
Assessing the Volume of the Head of the Mandibular Condyle Using 3T-MRI—A Preliminary Trial
Authors: Mosca Balma Alessandro , Cavagnetto Davide , Pavone Lorenzo , Mussano Federico
Published: July 2024

Due to potentially harmful exposure to X-rays, condylar growth in response to orthodontic treatment is poorly studied. To overcome this limitation, here, the authors have proposed high-resolution MRI as a viable alternative to CBCT for clinical 3D assessment of TMJ. A male subject underwent both MRI and CBCT scans. The obtained three-dimensional reconstructions of the TMJ were segmented and superimposed by a semiautomatic algorithm developed in MATLAB R2022a. The condylar geometries were reconstructed using dedicated software for image segmentation. Two geometrical parameters, i.e., the total volume and surface of the single condyle model, were selected to quantify the intraclass and interclass variability from the mean of each DICOM series (CBCT and MRI). The final comparison between the reference standard model of CBCT and 3T MRI showed that the former was more robust in terms of reproducibility, while the latter reached a higher standard deviation compared to CBCT, but these values were similar between the operators and clinically not significant. Within the inherent limitation of image reconstruction on MRI scans due to the current lower resolution of this technique, the method proposed here could be considered as a nucleus for developing future completely automatic AI algorithms, owing to its great potential and satisfactory consistency among different times and operators.
Framework for Implementing Improvement Science in a School District to Support Institutionalized Improvement
Authors: Anderson Erin , Cunningham Katheleen M. W. , Richardson Jayson W.
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a framework for implementing improvement science in a district or educational organization. Findings from interviews with 17 experienced educational improvers indicate critical elements for a school district to effectively support and build the capacity of individuals and teams situated at multiple levels in the district in organizing, implementing, and sustaining improvement science methods. Utilizing a systems-thinking approach, this study conceptualizes how to institutionalize improvement science across an educational organization. To institutionalize the use of improvement science, district leaders must center schools and integrate the work in existing structures, offer support, and create coaching, growth management, and knowledge management plans.
Young Children’s Play and the Role of Grandparents as Play Partners during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Keary Anne , Garvis Susanne , Slaughter Yvette , Walsh Lucas
Published: July 2024

Play involves diverse meaning-making for young children and grandparents. This paper derives from a larger intergenerational family practices project conducted in Australia during 2021–2022 against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research team undertook intergenerational group interviews and filmed family play activities in addition to collecting videoclips and photos of young children’s play from six families. In this paper, vignettes from two families are described and given meaning. Rogoff’s social learning three planes theory involving the intertwined and interdependent—‘personal’, ‘interpersonal’, and ‘community’—planes is used to analyse the data. Our findings show the important role that grandparents play in facilitating children’s learning including through the creation of linguistic and cultural heritage play spaces. We argue that intergenerational play practices can offer a means to integrate linguistic and cultural experiences in young children’s lives by providing a space and time for social interaction and learning.
Real-Time Deep Learning Framework for Accurate Speed Estimation of Surrounding Vehicles in Autonomous Driving
Authors: García-Aguilar Iván , García-González Jorge , Domínguez Enrique , López-Rubio Ezequiel , Luque-Baena Rafael M.
Published: July 2024

Accurate speed estimation of surrounding vehicles is of paramount importance for autonomous driving to prevent potential hazards. This paper emphasizes the critical role of precise speed estimation and presents a novel real-time framework based on deep learning to achieve this from images captured by an onboard camera. The system detects and tracks vehicles using convolutional neural networks and analyzes their trajectories with a tracking algorithm. Vehicle speeds are then accurately estimated using a regression model based on random sample consensus. A synthetic dataset using the CARLA simulator has been generated to validate the presented methodology. The system can simultaneously estimate the speed of multiple vehicles and can be easily integrated into onboard computer systems, providing a cost-effective solution for real-time speed estimation. This technology holds significant potential for enhancing vehicle safety systems, driver assistance, and autonomous driving.
The Impact of Wide Discharge C-Rates on the Voltage Plateau Performance of Cylindrical Ternary Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Xingxing , Chen Yuhang , Chen Linfei , Liu Shengren , Zhu Yu , Deng Yelin
Published: July 2024

Battery voltage plateau characteristics are crucial for designing and controlling battery management systems. Utilising the plateau period attributes to their fullest extent can enable optimal battery control, enhance battery performance, and prolong battery lifespan. This research aimed to investigate the performance of cylindrical ternary lithium batteries at various discharge rates, focusing on the variations in terminal voltage, capacity, and temperature. The battery performance at different discharge rates was meticulously examined through cyclic charge/discharge experiments. The convexity of the voltage curve was used to analyse the voltage plateau characteristics at different rates. The findings revealed significant differences in battery performance under varying discharge rates. Higher discharge rates resulted in shorter discharge times and lower battery voltages at corresponding residual capacities. The discharge time, capacity, and voltage during the plateau phase decreased as the discharge rate increased. At discharge rates of 1 C, 3 C, 5 C, 7 C, 9 C, and 11 C, the proportion of discharged battery capacity ranged from 86.45% to 78.42%. At the same time, voltage and temperature variations during the plateau period decreased significantly compared to those before and after discharge. This research provides a crucial reference point for advancing battery design and thermal management systems.
Enhancing Metabolic Syndrome Detection through Blood Tests Using Advanced Machine Learning
Authors: Paplomatas Petros , Rigas Dimitris , Sergounioti Athanasia , Vrahatis Aristidis
Published: July 2024

The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a serious condition associated with elevated risks of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and type 2 diabetes, underscores the urgent need for effective diagnostic tools. This research carefully examines the effectiveness of 16 diverse machine learning (ML) models in predicting MetS, a multifaceted health condition linked to increased risks of heart disease and other serious health complications. Utilizing a comprehensive, unpublished dataset of imbalanced blood test results, spanning from 2017 to 2022, from the Laboratory Information System of the General Hospital of Amfissa, Greece, our study embarks on a novel approach to enhance MetS diagnosis. By harnessing the power of advanced ML techniques, we aim to predict MetS with greater accuracy using non-invasive blood test data, thereby reducing the reliance on more invasive diagnostic methods. Central to our methodology is the application of the Borda count method, an innovative technique employed to refine the dataset. This process prioritizes the most relevant variables, as determined by the performance of the leading ML models, ensuring a more focused and effective analysis. Our selection of models, encompassing a wide array of ML techniques, allows for a comprehensive comparison of their individual predictive capabilities in identifying MetS. This study not only illuminates the unique strengths of each ML model in predicting MetS but also reveals the expansive potential of these methods in the broader landscape of health diagnostics. The insights gleaned from our analysis are pivotal in shaping more efficient strategies for the management and prevention of metabolic syndrome, thereby addressing a significant concern in public health.
Correlation Analysis between Young Driver Characteristics and Visual/Physiological Attributes at Expressway Exit Ramp
Authors: Wang Zeng’an , Qi Xinyue , Wang Chenzhu , Easa Said M. , Chen Fei , Cheng Jianchuan
Published: July 2024

More collisions occur at the exit ramps of expressways due to frequent lane-changing behavior and interweaving between vehicles. Young drivers with shorter driving mileage and driving experience, radical driving styles, and worse behavior prediction are likelier to be involved in collisions at the exit ramps. This paper focuses on the correlation analysis between young drivers’ characteristics and their visual and physiological attributes at expressway exit ramps. First, the driver’s gender, driving experience, and mileage are classified. Then, seven expressway exit models are established using the UC/Win road modeling software. The driver’s driving plane vision is divided into four areas using the K-means clustering algorithm. In addition, the driver’s visual and heart rate attributes were analyzed at 500 m, 300 m, 200 m, and 100 m away from an expressway exit. The results show that the visual attributes, gender, and driving mileage of young drivers strongly correlate with the fixation times and average saccade amplitude. In contrast, the driving experience has almost no correlation with the fixation behavior of young drivers. Young drivers’ driving experience and mileage strongly correlate with cardiac physiological attributes, but there is virtually no correlation with gender. The practical implications of these results should be helpful to highway planners and designers.
Awareness about Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination among Undergraduate Female Students at the University of Agadir, Morocco: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study
Authors: Ben El-Fakir Malika , Aimrane Abdelmohcine , Laaradia Mehdi Ait , Ait Taleb Khalid , Issaoune Mohamed Omar , Lahouaoui Hasna , El Khiat Abdelaati , El-Mansoury Bilal , Kahime Kholoud , Elmourid Abdessamad , Ait-El-Mokhtar Mohamed , El Hidan Moulay Abdelmonaim
Published: July 2024

Breast cancer is a pressing public health issue globally and in Morocco, with rising cases among women. This study aims to evaluate breast cancer awareness and self-examination practices among female university students, informing future educational interventions. A cross-sectional study surveyed 437 students at Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, using a questionnaire covering demographics, knowledge of breast cancer, risk factors, symptoms, and breast self-examination (BSE). Results showed high awareness of breast cancer (95.3%), with social networks and media being primary information sources. However, only 48.25% had intermediate knowledge levels, and BSE awareness was moderate (60.8%) with low practical skills (28.0%). Reasons for not performing BSE included lack of knowledge and discomfort. Significant associations were found between knowledge levels and age, year of study, study options, and information sources. Despite high awareness, there is a crucial need to enhance knowledge about breast cancer risk factors, symptoms, and BSE practices among young women in Morocco. Educational programs targeting university students are essential for promoting early detection and improving attitudes toward breast health.
An Evaluation of Pig Type Regarding the Quality of Xuanwei Ham
Authors: Wen Yiling , Wang Ping , Cao Zhiwei , Li Liang , Liu Zhendong
Published: July 2024

To determine the influence of pig type (Landrace, Wujin, or Tibetan fragrant) on the quality of Xuanwei ham, we measured the ham pH, color, fat content, and moisture content; used an E-nose (a device intended to detect odors or flavors); and analyzed flavoring substances using headspace solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography, free amino acids using high-performance liquid chromatography, and microbial diversity using high-throughput sequencing. The ham types differed from each other in these attributes. The moisture and fat contents of Landrace pig ham were significantly lower than those of the other pig types, the brightness values of the Tibetan fragrant pig ham were significantly lower than those of the other pig types, and the redness values of the Landrace and Wujin pig hams were significantly higher than those of the Tibetan fragrant pig ham. The essential amino acid contents, e-wind odor response values, and volatile flavor substances of Wujin pig hams were significantly higher than those of the Tibetan fragrant pig ham, and the relative aldehyde contents of Wujin pig ham were significantly higher than those of the other pig types. The dominant microbial phyla in each ham type were assessed based on the species commonness, composition, and diversity and included taxa such as Actinobacteria and Ascomycetes and thick-walled bacteria such as Orphanomyces, Grass Spirochaetes, and Pseudoalteromonas. The microbial diversity and richness were the greatest in the Wujin pig ham. Of the three pigs, we conclude that the Wujin pig produces the best Xuanwei ham.
Quality Characterization of Honeys from Iraqi Kurdistan and Comparison with Central European Honeys
Authors: Tkáč Matej , Abdullah Fouad Ali Abdullah , Vorlová Lenka , Bartáková Klára , Bursová Šárka , Javůrková Zdeňka
Published: July 2024

The main objective of this work was to determine the significant physicochemical and bioactive parameters of honeys originating from Iraqi Kurdistan. For this purpose, honey samples (n = 16) were taken directly from Kurdish beekeepers from different places of Dohuk and Erbil Governorate in 2018 and 2022. The following parameters were analyzed: moisture content, electrical conductivity, diastase activity, hydroxymethylfurfural content, pH, free acidity, content of saccharides, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, color, color intensity and DPPH, FRAP. Another objective of this work was to compare the properties of Kurdistan honeys with the requirements of European Union law and with the honeys of Central Europe. A total of 48 honey samples were included in the comparison. It was detected that the honeys produced in Iraqi Kurdistan met the strict quality criteria set by European law, which is important information for local beekeepers and experts in relation to honey production and an opportunity to set local limits of honey quality. Despite the different climatic and topographical conditions, the available flora, and the different species of bees, the properties of Iraqi Kurdistan honeys were similar to the properties of honeys from the Czech and Slovak Republics.
Forensic Characterisation of Complex Suicides: A Literature Review
Authors: Pallocci Margherita , Passalacqua Pierluigi , Zanovello Claudia , Coppeta Luca , Ferrari Cristiana , Milano Filippo , Gratteri Santo , Gratteri Nicola , Treglia Michele
Published: July 2024

Complex suicides refer to using two or more suicide modes. In the literature, complex suicides are distinguished into planned and unplanned. Using multiple methods is related to ensuring a fatal result or because the first method appears too painful, time-consuming, or ineffective. The review aims to provide an overview of the critical features of complex suicides in the forensic context. The review was conducted by searching online databases (PubMed Central and Scopus) up to March 2023. We identified 52 articles that met the inclusion criteria, describing 261 cases. Suicides were classified as planned in 136 cases (52.1%); 105 cases (40.2%) were defined as unplanned, while in the remaining 20 cases (7.7%), the authors did not propose any classification. In 2/261 (0.8%) cases, four modes were indicated, three modes were observed in 34/261 cases (13%), and in 224/261 (85.8%) cases the suicides were carried out using a combination of two distinct methods. The method most frequently employed in the first instance in unplanned suicides were sharp-force injuries and stabbing, followed by mechanical asphyxia (hanging, self-strangulation, plastic bag suffocation) and a fall from height. Regarding planned suicide, the most frequent suicide methods were asphyxia, intoxication (drugs, substances of abuse, or alcohol), and poisoning via toxic substances. Complex suicides represent a relatively rare entity in forensic pathology; nevertheless, they can be challenging for the forensic pathologist in terms of differential diagnosis compared to homicides, due to the sometimes multifaceted presentation.
Gas Hydrate Plugging Mechanisms during Transient Shut–In/Restart Operation in Fully Dispersed Systems
Authors: Qu Anqi , Ismail Nur Aminatulmimi , Delgado-Linares Jose G. , Majid Ahmad A. A. , Zerpa Luis E. , Koh Carolyn A.
Published: July 2024

Gas hydrate formation poses a significant challenge in offshore oil and gas production, particularly during cold restarts after extended shut–ins, which can lead to pipeline blockages. Although steady–state models have traditionally been used to predict hydrate formation under continuous production conditions, these models are often inadequate for transient operations due to issues like near–zero fluid flow shear affecting the viscosity calculations of hydrate slurries. This study introduces novel conceptual models for dispersed water–in–crude oil systems specifically designed for cold restart scenarios. The models are supported by direct observations and various experimental approaches, including bottle tests, rheometer measurements, micromechanical force apparatus, and rocking cell studies, which elucidate the underlying mechanisms of hydrate formation. Additionally, this work introduces a modeling approach to represent conceptual pictures, incorporating particle settling and yield stress, to determine whether the system will plug or not upon restart. Validation is provided through transient large–scale flowloop tests, confirming the plugging mechanisms outlined. This comprehensive approach offers insights into conditions that may safely prevent or potentially lead to blockages in the fully dispersed system during field restarts, thereby enhancing the understanding and management of gas hydrate risks in offshore oil and gas operations.
A PLL-Based Doppler Method Using an SDR-Receiver for Investigation of Seismogenic and Man-Made Disturbances in the Ionosphere
Authors: Salikhov Nazyf , Shepetov Alexander , Pak Galina , Saveliev Vladimir , Nurakynov Serik , Ryabov Vladimir , Zhukov Valery
Published: July 2024

The article describes in detail the equipment and method for measuring the Doppler frequency shift (DFS) on an inclined radio path, based on the principle of the phase-locked loop using an SDR receiver for the investigation of seismogenic and man-made disturbances in the ionosphere. During the two M7.8 earthquakes in Nepal (25 April 2015) and Turkey (6 February 2023), a Doppler ionosonde detected co-seismic and pre-seismic effects in the ionosphere, the appearances of which are connected with the various propagation mechanisms of seismogenic disturbance from the lithosphere up to the ionosphere. One day before the earthquake in Nepal and 90 min prior to the main shock, an increase in the intensity of Doppler bursts was detected, which reflected the disturbance of the ionosphere. A channel of geophysical interaction in the system of lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling was traced based on the comprehensive monitoring of the DFS of the ionospheric signal, as well as of the flux of gamma rays in subsoil layers of rocks and in the ground-level atmosphere. The concept of lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling, where the key role is assigned to ionization of the atmospheric boundary layer, was confirmed by a retrospective analysis of the DFS records of an ionospheric signal made during underground nuclear explosions at the Semipalatinsk test site. A simple formula for reconstructing the velocity profile of the acoustic pulse from a Dopplerogram was obtained, which depends on only two parameters, one of which is the dimension of length and the other the dimension of time. The reconstructed profiles of the acoustic pulses from the two underground nuclear explosions, which reached the height of the reflection point of the sounding radio wave, are presented.