bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can the ROX index predict high‐flow nasal cannula failure in children under 2 with lower respiratory tract infection?
Authors: Vasquez‐Hoyos Pablo , Jacome‐Orozco Alvaro L. , Rodriguez‐Mayorga Andrea P. , Sepulveda‐Forero Leidy E. , Escobar‐Serna Diana P. , Barajas Juan S. , Obando‐Belalcazar Evelyn , Salinas‐Jaimes Claudia M. , Peralta‐Palmezano Juan J. , Jimenez‐Chavez Alexandra , Camacho‐Jimenez Rafael E. , Dominguez‐Rojas Jesus A.
Published: February 2024

Objective

This study evaluates the ROX index's accuracy in predicting the success or failure of high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy in children under 2 years with acute respiratory failure (ARF) from lower respiratory tract infections.

Methods

From January 2018 to 2021 we conducted this multicenter retrospective cohort study, which included patients aged 2–24 months. We aimed to assess HFNC therapy outcomes as either success or failure. The analysis covered patient demographics, diagnoses, vital signs, and ROX index values at intervals from 0 to 48 h after initiating HFNC. We used bivariate analysis, repeated measures ANOVA, multivariate logistic regression, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC‐ROC) curve for statistical analysis.

Results

The study involved 529 patients from six centers, with 198 females (37%) and a median age of 9 months (IQR: 3–15 months). HFNC therapy failed in 38% of cases. We observed significant variability in failure rates across different centers and physicians (p < .001). The ROX index was significantly associated with HFNC outcomes at all time points, showing an increasing trend in success cases over time (p < .001), but not in HFNC failure cases. Its predictive ability is limited, with AUC‐ROC values ranging from 0.56 at the start to 0.67 at 48 h.

Conclusion

While the ROX index is associated with HFNC outcomes in children under 2 years, its predictive ability is modest, impacted by significant variability among patients, physicians, and centers. These findings emphasize the need for more reliable predictive tools for HFNC therapy in this patient population.
Responsivity Enhancement of Wafer‐Bonded In0.53Ga0.47As Photo‐Field‐Effect Transistor on Si Substrate via Equivalent Oxide Thickness Scaling
Authors: Jeon Sung‐Han , Ahn Dae‐Hwan , Ko Kyul , Choi Won Jun , Song Jin‐Dong , Choi Woo‐Young , Han Jae‐Hoon
Published: February 2024

A high‐responsivity photo‐field‐effect transistor (photo‐FET) with a metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) structure is a promising technology for low‐intensity light detection with its high gain and low operation voltage. To enhance their responsivity, the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) scaling is one of the effective solutions, which is a common technology to improve the electrical properties of MOSFETs using higher‐k insulators. Herein, the EOT scaling effect on the optoelectrical characteristics of photo‐FETs using Al2O3 and Al2O3/HfO2 gate stacks is investigated. Thanks to the EOT scaling effect introducing Al2O3/HfO2, only the transconductance of the photo‐FET is enhanced without any significant change in the photovoltaic effect and cavity effect. As a result, its responsivity is improved by up to 1.7 times. The results give a basic strategy of the EOT scaling effect for photo‐FETs; thus, the EOT scaling with a higher‐k insulator is a powerful solution for the high‐performance InGaAs photo‐FET requiring high responsivity in the short‐wavelength infrared range.
A novel approach involving reversed placement of endobronchial valves combined with retrograde methylene blue instillation for the localization of multifocal bronchopleural fistula
Authors: Xu Weihua , Chen Ming , Xu Jiagan , Wang Lei , Peng Congbin , Mo Guohong
Published: February 2024

The bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a pathological communication between the bronchus and the pleural space. Diagnosing BPF poses a significant challenge for physicians, particularly when identifying multifocal BPFs. Traditionally, retrograde instillation of methylene blue (MB) into the pleural cavity with simultaneous observation with a bronchoscope has been used to locate a BPF. However, MB instillation is not effective in identifying multifocal BPFs. In this article, we report a new method for locating multifocal BPFs which involves placing the endobronchial valve (EBV) in reverse combined with retrograde MB instillation. First, the thoracic cavity is filled with MB solution. Then, using bronchoscopy, the location of a BPF can be identified as the MB solution flows into the bronchus. Secondly, an EBV is deployed in reverse in the bronchus where the identified BPF is located. Retrograde MB instillation is then repeated to locate any additional BPFs until no new ones are found. Two cases were reported using this novel method to identify multifocal BPFs, and each case was ultimately diagnosed with 2 BPFs. After precisely locating all the BPFs, the EBVs are then removed and placed forward in the target bronchi for treating the BPFs. During the follow‐up period, no recurrence of BPFs was observed. We conclude that reversed placement of EBVs combined with retrograde MB instillation appears to be an effective approach for locating multifocal BPFs.
Wogonin induces apoptosis in macrophages by exhibiting cytotoxic and genotoxic effects
Authors: Tsai Ping‐Kun , Chiang Chen‐Yu , Wang Tzu‐Ching , Yeh Kun‐Lin , Chen Wen‐Ying , Chen Chun‐Jung , Tseng Ching‐Chi , Deng Lie‐Hua , Tzen Jason Tze Cheng , Lu Yin‐Che , Kuan Yu‐Hsiang
Published: February 2024

Macrophages play an important role in defending the body against invading pathogens. In the face of pathogens, macrophages become activated and release toxic materials that disrupt the pathogens. Macrophage overactivation can lead to severe illness and inflammation. Wogonin has several therapeutic effects, including anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. No studies have investigated the cytotoxic effects of wogonin at concentrations of more than 0.1 mM in RAW264.7 cells. In this study, RAW 264.7 cells were treated with wogonin, which, at concentrations of more than 0.1 mM, had cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in the RAW264.7 cells, leading to apoptosis and necrosis. Further, wogonin at concentrations of more than 0.1 mM induced caspase‐3, caspase‐8, and caspase‐9 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction and death receptor expression. These results suggest that wogonin induces apoptosis through upstream intrinsic and extrinsic pathways by exhibiting cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.
Alcaligenes faecalis: A bacterium for sustainable management of environment
Authors: Ray Rina Rani , Pattnaik Smaranika
Published: February 2024

For successful management of pollution problems, the use of bacteria is now a popular and widespread technique. Alcaligenes faecalis, an inhabitant of the natural environment, is equipped with machinery for cleaning up different types of contaminants, including heavy metals and xenobiotics. A. faecalis, a gram‐negative, flagellated, nonfermentive, aerobic member of the subgroup proteobacteria, often shows anaerobic respiration using nitrate or nitrite as terminal electron acceptors. It is also gifted with the power of nitrogen fixation and thereby could be used as a biofertilizer. The bacterium also has the unique ability to act as a probiotic and can often be used as a biocontrol agent due to its antimicrobial properties. Hence, for sustainable management of the environment, various strains of this bacterium as active bio‐remediators, bio‐pesticides, biofertilizers, and probiotics are being increasingly applied.
Quality management and competencies in forensic science
Authors: Neuteboom Wim , Ross Alastair , Bugeja Lyndal , Willis Sheila , Roux Claude , Lothridge Kevin
Published: February 2024

The competencies and attributes of forensic science professionals are a very important pillar of a Quality Management system. However, a recent international survey identified a lack of agreement on the core cognitive competencies required for working in forensic science. The survey also identified the tools for assessing competencies are not necessarily designed to measure cognitive competencies. In this Perspective, we explore further the topic of competencies and in particular, cognitive competencies and attributes with a focus on forensic science professionals. We identify the critical issue and outline a process through which we will seek the views of leaders in the field, both operational and academic, on what the required cognitive competencies and attributes are for forensic science professionals. The tools used will include a questionnaire and direct interviews. Having identified the key competencies and attributes they can then be promoted, and methods developed to assess them within the recruitment process and continuous professional development programs. We argue that further discussion on this topic is warranted as it impacts on forensic science education, training, recruitment, operations, and overall quality.

This article is categorized under:

Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Presentation and Evaluation of Forensic Science Output
In the Quest of a Social Democracy
Authors: Rahman Andaleeb , Pingali Prabhu
Published: February 2024

The introductory chapter of this book highlights the importance of social protection policies against the background of India’s socio-economic transformation and why it ought to be an important part of the development policy. After succinctly putting forward our fundamental argument—the need for a systems approach to social protection and development resilience as the scope of this system—we highlight our contributions to the existing scholarship in this area. We conclude this chapter by laying out the roadmap for the rest of the chapters to follow in this book.
Einleitung
Authors: Merten Moritz
Published: February 2024

Jugendliche sind eine bei der Stadtplanung vernachlässigte Gruppe. Im Gegensatz zur Altersgruppe der Kinder, für die Spielplätze geplant und gebaut werden, gibt es keine öffentlichen Räume, die explizit für die Nutzung durch Jugendliche vorgesehen sind. Dabei sind Jugendliche „freizeitprivilegiert“, besitzen also im Vergleich zu anderen Altersgruppen verhältnismäßig viel Zeit, über die sie frei verfügen können.
Städtische Räume als Kontext adoleszenter Sozialisation
Authors: Merten Moritz
Published: February 2024

Städtische Räume spielen eine wichtige Rolle für die Sozialisationsprozesse von Jugendlichen. In diesem Kapitel wird daher ausführlich die Relevanz städtischer Räume für die jugendliche Sozialisation diskutiert. Dabei wird sowohl die Bedeutung des Wohnquartiers betrachtet als auch vorhandene Forschung aus dem Feld der Nachbarschaftseffektforschung zusammengefasst und kritisch reflektiert. Daran anknüpfend werden Ansätze aus der Aktionsraumforschung vorgestellt, die über das Quartier hinausgehen und die alltäglichen Aktivitäten und ihre räumliche Verteilung in den Blick nehmen. Es folgt die Zusammenfassung wichtiger empirischer Arbeiten aus der Jugend-, Nachbarschaftseffekt- und Aktionsraumforschung. Die wichtigsten Einsichten werden zu Hypothesen ausgearbeitet. Diese werden anschließend anhand der Ergebnisse aus zwei explorativen Vorerhebungen zu Aktivitätsräumen von Jugendlichen in Kassel einer ersten empirischen Prüfung unterzogen.
Ein neuer methodischer Ansatz zur Erfassung von Aktivitätsräumen
Authors: Merten Moritz
Published: February 2024

Im methodischen Teil der Arbeit, dem vierten Kapitel, werden zunächst vorhandene empirischen Ansätze zum räumlichen Freizeitverhalten von Jugendlichen kritisch diskutiert und zur Begründung des Forschungsdesigns dieser Arbeit herangezogen. Anschließend werden alle Schritte der quantitativen Forschungsphase, von der Stichprobenziehung über die Erhebung bis zur Auswertung, detailliert dargestellt. Es folgt die ausführliche Darlegung der qualitativen Forschungsphase, vom Feldzugang über den Ablauf der Interviews bis zu ihrer Auswertung.
Freizeitverhalten und Aktivitätsräume Berliner Jugendlicher
Authors: Merten Moritz
Published: February 2024

Entlang der im zweiten Kapitel herausgearbeiteten und im dritten Kapitel ergänzten Hypothesen werden im fünften Kapitel die Ergebnisse der quantitativen Befragung Berliner Schüler*innen vorgestellt und diskutiert. Dafür werden zunächst Häufigkeiten und bivariate Zusammenhänge zum Freizeitverhalten und der Bedeutung von Stadtstruktur und Mobilität für den jugendlichen Alltag analysiert. Anschließend werden die Ergebnisse der Regressionsanalysen zu Aktivitätsraumgrößen und Freizeitkontexten vorgestellt und erörtert. Abschließend wird ein Fazit mit Bezug zu den Hypothesen und der vorliegenden Literatur gezogen.
Methodology
Authors: Damrau Milena
Published: February 2024

In this chapter, the chosen research approach, the design of the study, the construction of instruments, and the collection and analysis of data are thoroughly described and justified.
Double copy for tree-level form factors. Part I. Foundations
Authors: Lin Guanda , Yang Gang
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The double-copy construction for form factors was reported in our previous work, in which a novel mechanism of turning spurious poles in Yang-Mills theory into physical poles in gravity is observed. This paper is the first of a series of two papers providing the details as well as various generalizations on the double-copy construction of tree-level form factors. In this paper, we establish the generic formalism by focusing on the form factor of tr(ϕ2) in the Yang-Mills-scalar theory. A thorough discussion is given on the emergence of the “spurious”-type poles and various related properties. We also discuss two generalizations: the Higgs amplitudes in QCD, and the tr(ϕ2) form factors with multiple external scalar states.
Holographic a-functions and Boomerang RG flows
Authors: Cáceres Elena , Vásquez Rodrigo Castillo , Landsteiner Karl , Landea Ignacio Salazar
Published: February 2024

Abstract

We use the radial null energy condition to construct a monotonic a-function for a certain type of non-relativistic holographic RG flows. We test our a-function in three different geometries that feature a Boomerang RG flow, characterized by a domain wall between two AdS spaces with the same AdS radius, but with different (and sometimes direction-dependent) speeds of light. We find that the a-function monotonically decreases and goes to a constant in the asymptotic regimes of the geometry. Using the holographic dictionary in this asymptotic AdS spaces, we find that the a-function not only reads the fixed point central charge but also the speed of light, suggesting what the correct RG charge might be for non-relativistic RG flows.
Light scalars at the cosmological collider
Authors: Chakraborty Priyesh , Stout John
Published: February 2024

Abstract

We study the self-energies of weakly interacting scalar fields in de Sitter space with one field much lighter than the Hubble scale. We argue that self-energies drastically simplify in this light limit. We illustrate this in theories with two scalar fields, one heavy and one light, interacting with one another through either cubic or quartic interactions. To regulate infrared divergences, we compute these self-energies in Euclidean de Sitter space and then carefully analytically continue to Lorentzian signature. In particular, we do this for the most general renormalizable theory of two scalar fields with even interactions to leading order in the coupling and the mass of the light field. These self-energies are determined by de Sitter sunset diagrams, whose analytic structure and UV divergences we derive. Even at very weak couplings, the light field can substantially change how the heavy field propagates over long distances. The light field’s existence may then be inferred from how it modifies the heavy field’s oscillatory contribution to the primordial bispectrum in the squeezed limit, i.e. its cosmological collider signal.
Reevaluation des Notarzteinsatzindikationskataloges nach Verkehrsunfällen
Authors: Hetz Michael , Babisch Stefan , Unger Thomas , Schaser Klaus-Dieter , Kleber Christian
Published: February 2024

Hintergrund

Der Notarztindikationskatalog basiert auf veralteten Studien und gibt wenig Anhalt für Alarmierungskriterien nach Verkehrsunfällen. Fortschritte der Fahrzeugsicherheitstechnik und Veränderungen der verfügbaren Ressourcen machen eine Reevaluation der Indikationen notwendig. Ziel dieser retrospektiven Registerstudie ist die Identifizierung von präklinisch erfassbaren Unfallvariablen für schwere Verletzungen nach Verkehrsunfällen.

Methodik

Im Zeitraum 01.01.2000–31.12.2021 wurden 47.145 Verunfallte anhand der GIDAS-Datenbank eingeschlossen. Separate Datensätze für Schwer- (AIS 3+) und Leichtverletzte wurden ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Herausschleudern (PPW 80,6 %), Einklemmung (PPW 75,6 %), brennende Fahrzeuge (PPW 57,1 %), problematische Rettung (PPW 56,3 %), Fahrzeugzerreißung (PPW 51,6 %) und Amnesie (PPW 50,3 %) wiesen auf schwere Verletzungen bei Fahrzeuginsassen hin. Bei ungeschützten Verkehrsteilnehmern (Motorrad‑, Fahrradfahrende, zu Fuß Gehende) wurden auch Helmverlust (PPW 61,1 %), Überrollen/Mitschleifen (PPW 41,9 %), Scheibenbruch am Gegnerfahrzeug (PPW 35,8 %) und Folgeanprall mit Objekten (PPW 31,1 %) identifiziert. Der Chi-Quadrat-Test zeigte signifikante Assoziationen zwischen den Variablen und schweren Verletzungen. Kombinationsvariablen erreichten PPW-Werte über 82 %.

Diskussion

Der Notarztindikationskatalog liefert kaum präklinisch feststellbare Kriterien und sollte anhand der objektiven Registerdaten überarbeitet werden. Abfragemodelle für Leitstellendisponenten sollten getestet werden.
Effect of micro-aeration on syntrophic and methanogenic activity in anaerobic sludge
Authors: Morais Bruno P. , Magalhães Carla P. , Martins Gilberto , Pereira Maria Alcina , Cavaleiro Ana J.
Published: February 2024

Micro-aeration was shown to improve anaerobic digestion (AD) processes, although oxygen is known to inhibit obligate anaerobes, such as syntrophic communities of bacteria and methanogens. The effect of micro-aeration on the activity and microbial interaction in syntrophic communities, as well as on the potential establishment of synergetic relationships with facultative anaerobic bacteria (FAB) or aerobic bacteria (AB), was investigated. Anaerobic sludge was incubated with ethanol and increasing oxygen concentrations (0–5% in the headspace). Assays with acetate or H2/CO2 (direct substrates for methanogens) were also performed. When compared with the controls (0% O2), oxygen significantly decreased substrate consumption and initial methane production rate (MPR) from acetate or H2/CO2. At 0.5% O2, MPR from these substrates was inhibited 30–40%, and close to 100% at 5% O2. With ethanol, significant inhibition (>36%) was only observed for oxygen concentrations higher than 2.5%. Oxygen was consumed in the assays, pointing to the stimulation of AB/FAB by ethanol, which helped to protect the syntrophic consortia under micro-aerobic conditions. This highlights the importance of AB/FAB in maintaining functional and resilient syntrophic communities, which is relevant for real AD systems (in which vestigial O2 amounts are frequently present), as well as for AD systems using micro-aeration as a process strategy.

Key points

•Micro-aeration impacts syntrophic communities of bacteria and methanogens.

•Oxygen stimulates AB/FAB, maintaining functional and resilient consortia.

•Micro-aeration studies are critical for systems using micro-aeration as a process strategy.
Rapid screening of point mutations by mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR
Authors: Zhang Feng , Liu Zhen Yang , Liu Shuai , Zhang Wei Guo , Wang Bing Bing , Li Chang Lon , Xu Jian Zhong
Published: February 2024

Metabolic engineering frequently makes use of point mutation and saturation mutation library creation. At present, sequencing is the only reliable and direct technique to detect point mutation and screen saturation mutation library. In this study, mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA) PCR was used to detect point mutation and screen saturation mutation library. In order to fine-tune the expression of odhA encoding 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component, a saturating mutant library of the RBS of odhA was created in Corynebacterium glutamicum P12 based on the CRISPR-Cas2a genome editing system, which increased the l-proline production by 81.3%. MAMA PCR was used to filter out 42% of the non-mutant transformants in the mutant library, which effectively reduced the workload of the subsequent fermentation test and the number of sequenced samples. The rapid and sensitive MAMA-PCR method established in this study provides a general strategy for detecting point mutations and improving the efficiency of mutation library screening.

Key points

• MAMA PCR was optimized and developed to detect point mutation.

• MAMA PCR greatly improves the screening efficiency of point mutation.

• Attenuation of odhA expression in P12 effectively improves proline production.
Little evidence for color- or size-based mating preferences by male strawberry poison frogs (Oophaga pumilio)
Authors: Lehman Mik R. , González-Santoro Marco , Richards-Zawacki Corinne L.
Published: February 2024

While there are many studies documenting female mating preferences across taxa, male mate choice remains relatively understudied. Male mate choice often develops when there is variation in female quality and thus the fitness benefits of mating with particular females. Specifically, males tend to prefer females with traits that confer direct fitness benefits such as large body size, which may be linked with high fecundity. Prior work has shown that females of the strawberry poison frog, Oophaga pumilio, prefer males bearing certain coloration (most often the female’s own color), and that this preference can be learned through maternal imprinting. Females have been shown to prefer larger males as well. Here we test whether similar mate preferences for color and size exist in males of this species using two-way choice tests on captive bred male O. pumilio. In each test focal males were placed in an arena with two stimulus females: either both of the same size but differing in color, or both of the same color but differing in size. We found only weak evidence for behavioral biases toward particular colors and no evidence for biases toward larger females, suggesting that males of O. pumilio do not predictably choose mates based on these female traits. Despite several aspects of their natural history that suggest males have reasons to be choosy, our findings suggest that the cost of mate rejection may outweigh any fitness benefits derived from being selective of mates. Studies of additional populations, ideally conducted on wild individuals, are needed to better understand the range of conditions under which males may exhibit mate choice and the types of traits on which they base these choices.

Significance statement

To fully understand the fitness landscapes and evolutionary trajectories that result from sexual selection, we need to understand when and how the mate preferences of the two sexes act and interact. While female mate choice has been widely studied, male mate choice remains poorly understood. To help bridge this gap, we studied male mate preferences in the strawberry poison frog Oophaga pumilio, a small brightly colored frog for which female preferences for male color and size have been well-documented. We found no evidence that male O. pumilio exhibit mate preferences based on female size and little evidence for male mate preferences based on female color. This is surprising given that larger females are often more fecund, male O. pumilio are known to exhibit color-based behavioral biases in the context of male-male competition, and both sexes provide parental care.
Neuroinflammatory disease signatures in SPG11-related hereditary spastic paraplegia patients
Authors: Krumm Laura , Pozner Tatyana , Zagha Naime , Coras Roland , Arnold Philipp , Tsaktanis Thanos , Scherpelz Kathryn , Davis Marie Y. , Kaindl Johanna , Stolzer Iris , Süß Patrick , Khundadze Mukhran , Hübner Christian A. , Riemenschneider Markus J. , Baets Jonathan , Günther Claudia , Jayadev Suman , Rothhammer Veit , Krach Florian , Winkler Jürgen , Winner Beate , Regensburger Martin
Published: February 2024

Biallelic loss of SPG11 function constitutes the most frequent cause of complicated autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) with thin corpus callosum, resulting in progressive multisystem neurodegeneration. While the impact of neuroinflammation is an emerging and potentially treatable aspect in neurodegenerative diseases and leukodystrophies, the role of immune cells in SPG11–HSP patients is unknown. Here, we performed a comprehensive immunological characterization of SPG11–HSP, including examination of three human postmortem brain donations, immunophenotyping of patients’ peripheral blood cells and patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia-like cells (iMGL). We delineate a previously unknown role of innate immunity in SPG11–HSP. Neuropathological analysis of SPG11–HSP patient brain tissue revealed profound microgliosis in areas of neurodegeneration, downregulation of homeostatic microglial markers and cell-intrinsic accumulation of lipids and lipofuscin in IBA1+ cells. In a larger cohort of SPG11–HSP patients, the ratio of peripheral classical and intermediate monocytes was increased, along with increased serum levels of IL-6 that correlated with disease severity. Stimulation of patient-specific iMGLs with IFNγ led to increased phagocytic activity compared to control iMGL as well as increased upregulation and release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as CXCL10. On a molecular basis, we identified increased STAT1 phosphorylation as mechanism connecting IFNγ-mediated immune hyperactivation and SPG11 loss of function. STAT1 expression was increased both in human postmortem brain tissue and in an Spg11–/– mouse model. Application of an STAT1 inhibitor decreased CXCL10 production in SPG11 iMGL and rescued their toxic effect on SPG11 neurons. Our data establish neuroinflammation as a novel disease mechanism in SPG11–HSP patients and constitute the first description of myeloid cell/ microglia activation in human SPG11–HSP. IFNγ/ STAT1-mediated neurotoxic effects of hyperreactive microglia upon SPG11 loss of function indicate that immunomodulation strategies may slow down disease progression.
Partitioning of highly siderophile elements between monosulfide solid solution and sulfide melt at high pressures
Authors: Fonseca Raúl O. C. , Beyer Christopher , Bissbort Thilo , Hartmann Rebecca , Schuth Stephan
Published: February 2024

Base metal sulfides (Fe–Ni–Cu–S) are ubiquitous phases in mantle and subduction-related lithologies. Sulfides in the mantle often melt incongruently, which leads to the production of a Cu–Ni-rich sulfide melt and a solid residue called monosulfide solid solution (mss). Even though peridotite-hosted sulfides, which tend to be more Ni-rich, are likely completely molten at mantle potential temperatures, the same is not true for eclogite-hosted Ni-poor, Fe-rich sulfides. Because of this, solid crystalline mss may persist at higher pressures and equilibrate with co-existing sulfide melt along colder geotherms, like those associated with subduction zones. Because highly siderophile elements (HSE—Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Os, Ir, and Re) are known to fractionate as a result of mss/sulfide-melt equilibrium, the persistence of an mss/sulfide-melt assemblage to higher pressures may lead to the fractionation of these elements during the subduction process. In this contribution, we carried out an experimental investigation of the partitioning behavior of the HSE, as well as Cu and Ni, between mss and sulfide melt over a pressure and temperature range relevant to equilibration between Earth’s surface and transition zone depths (0.1 MPa to 14 GPa; 930–1530 $$^{\circ }$$

∘

C), and variable Ni contents in sulfide. Results show that at higher pressures, the HSE are considerably less fractionated as a result of mss and sulfide melt equilibrium compared to lower pressure conditions. This is exemplified by a lowering of the $$D_{i}^\mathrm{mss/melt}$$

D

i

mss
/
melt

for the more compatible HSE (Ru, Os, Ir, Rh and Re) from around 10 at 0.1 MPa to just above or below unity at 14 GPa. Moreover, the higher the Ni content of the bulk sulfide assemblage, the larger the degree of change in the magnitude of HSE fractionation seen over the pressure range studied. The exchange coefficient ($$K_D^{\textrm{Ru}-\textrm{Pt}}$$

K
D

Ru
-
Pt

) between highly compatible HSE (Ru) and less compatible Pt illustrates a notable contrast. In the Ni-poor composition (E1), $$K_D^{\textrm{Ru}-\textrm{Pt}}$$

K
D

Ru
-
Pt

changes from 27 at 0.1 MPa to 6 at 14 GPa. In contrast, the Ni-rich composition exhibits a broader range, with $$K_D^{\textrm{Ru}-\textrm{Pt}}$$

K
D

Ru
-
Pt

ranging from 150 to 17 across the same pressure interval. Our results highlight key differences between experimental data obtained at lower and higher pressure, and how composition, namely the Ni content of sulfide, affects HSE partitioning behavior.
The effectiveness of E-health interventions promoting physical activity in cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Xiao Kangjiao , Tang Li , Chen Yingtong , Zhou Jiahui , Yang Qiaolan , Wang Rui
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify whether E-health interventions effectively improve physical activity (PA) in cancer survivors.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to October 21, 2023. Randomized controlled trials reporting the effect of E-health interventions on PA among cancer survivors were included. Random-effect models were used to calculate standardized mean differences (SMD) and the 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

In total, 15 trials with 2,291 cancer survivors were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that E-health interventions improved moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among cancer survivors (SMD = 0.26, 95% CI 0.08, 0.43, N = 8, p < 0.001, I2 = 37%), as well as moderate physical activity (MPA) (SMD = 0.22, 95% CI 0.05, 0.38, N = 9, p < 0.001, I2 = 28%) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI 0.15, 0.54, N = 6, p < 0.001, I2 = 11%).

Conclusion

E-health interventions are effective at promoting PA among cancer survivors. As current research primarily focuses on immediate post-intervention measurements with limited follow-up data, further investigation is required to explore the long-term effects of E-health interventions on PA.
A subregion-based RadioFusionOmics model discriminates between grade 4 astrocytoma and glioblastoma on multisequence MRI
Authors: Wei Ruili , Lu Songlin , Lai Shengsheng , Liang Fangrong , Zhang Wanli , Jiang Xinqing , Zhen Xin , Yang Ruimeng
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To explore a subregion-based RadioFusionOmics (RFO) model for discrimination between adult-type grade 4 astrocytoma and glioblastoma according to the 2021 WHO CNS5 classification.

Methods

329 patients (40 grade 4 astrocytomas and 289 glioblastomas) with histologic diagnosis was retrospectively collected from our local institution and The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). The volumes of interests (VOIs) were obtained from four multiparametric MRI sequences (T1WI, T1WI + C, T2WI, T2-FLAIR) using (1) manual segmentation of the non-enhanced tumor (nET), enhanced tumor (ET), and peritumoral edema (pTE), and (2) K-means clustering of four habitats (H1: high T1WI + C, high T2-FLAIR; (2) H2: high T1WI + C, low T2-FLAIR; (3) H3: low T1WI + C, high T2-FLAIR; and (4) H4: low T1WI + C, low T2-FLAIR). The optimal VOI and best MRI sequence combination were determined. The performance of the RFO model was evaluated using the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) and the best signatures were identified.

Results

The two best VOIs were manual VOI3 (putative peritumoral edema) and clustering H34 (low T1WI + C, high T2-FLAIR (H3) combined with low T1WI + C and low T2-FLAIR (H4)). Features fused from four MRI sequences ($${F}_{seq}^{\mathrm{1,2},\mathrm{3,4}}$$

F

seq

1
,
2

,

3
,
4

) outperformed those from either a single sequence or other sequence combinations. The RFO model that was trained using fused features $${F}_{seq}^{\mathrm{1,2},\mathrm{3,4}}$$

F

seq

1
,
2

,

3
,
4

achieved the AUPRC of 0.972 (VOI3) and 0.976 (H34) in the primary cohort (p = 0.905), and 0.971 (VOI3) and 0.974 (H34) in the testing cohort (p = 0.402).

Conclusion

The performance of subregions defined by clustering was comparable to that of subregions that were manually defined. Fusion of features from the edematous subregions of multiple MRI sequences by the RFO model resulted in differentiation between grade 4 astrocytoma and glioblastoma.
Structure of putative epidermal sensory receptors in an acoel flatworm, Praesagittifera naikaiensis
Authors: Sakagami Tosuke , Watanabe Kaho , Hamada Mayuko , Sakamoto Tatsuya , Hatabu Toshimitsu , Ando Motonori
Published: February 2024

Acoel flatworms possess epidermal sensory-receptor cells on their body surfaces and exhibit behavioral repertoires such as geotaxis and phototaxis. Acoel epidermal sensory receptors should be mechanical and/or chemical receptors; however, the mechanisms of their sensory reception have not been elucidated. We examined the three-dimensional relationship between epidermal sensory receptors and their innervation in an acoel flatworm, Praesagittifera naikaiensis. The distribution of the sensory receptors was different between the ventral and dorsal sides of worms. The nervous system was mainly composed of a peripheral nerve net, an anterior brain, and three pairs of longitudinal nerve cords. The nerve net was located closer to the body surface than the brain and the nerve cords. The sensory receptors have neural connections with the nerve net in the entire body of worms. We identified five homologs of polycystic kidney disease (PKD): PKD1-1, PKD1-2, PKD1-3, PKD1-4, and, PKD2, from the P. naikaiensis genome. All of these PKD genes were implied to be expressed in the epidermal sensory receptors of P. naikaiensis. PKD1-1 and PKD2 were dispersed across the entire body of worms. PKD1-2, PKD1-3, and PKD1-4 were expressed in the anterior region of worms. PKD1-4 was also expressed around the mouth opening. Our results indicated that P. naikaiensis possessed several types of epidermal sensory receptors to convert various environmental stimuli into electrical signals via the PKD channels and transmit the signals to afferent nerve and/or effector cells.
Robot-assisted surgery in thoracic and visceral indications: an updated systematic review
Authors: Grössmann-Waniek Nicole , Riegelnegg Michaela , Gassner Lucia , Wild Claudia
Published: February 2024

Background

In surgical advancements, robot-assisted surgery (RAS) holds several promises like shorter hospital stays, reduced complications, and improved technical capabilities over standard care. Despite extensive evidence, the actual patient benefits of RAS remain unclear. Thus, our systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of RAS in visceral and thoracic surgery compared to laparoscopic or open surgery.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature search in two databases (Medline via Ovid and The Cochrane Library) in April 2023. The search was restricted to 14 predefined thoracic and visceral procedures and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Synthesis of data on critical outcomes followed the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology, and the risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration’s Tool Version 1.

Results

For five out of 14 procedures, no evidence could be identified. A total of 20 RCTs and five follow-up publications met the inclusion criteria. Overall, most studies had either not reported or measured patient-relevant endpoints. The majority of outcomes showed comparable results between study groups. However, RAS demonstrated potential advantages in specific endpoints (e.g., blood loss), yet these findings relied on a limited number of low-quality studies. Statistically significant RAS benefits were also noted in some outcomes for certain indications—recurrence, quality of life, transfusions, and hospitalisation. Safety outcomes were improved for patients undergoing robot-assisted gastrectomy, as well as rectal and liver resection. Regarding operation time, results were contradicting.

Conclusion

In summary, conclusive assertions on RAS superiority are impeded by inconsistent and insufficient low-quality evidence across various outcomes and procedures. While RAS may offer potential advantages in some surgical areas, healthcare decisions should also take into account the limited quality of evidence, financial implications, and environmental factors. Furthermore, considerations should extend to the ergonomic aspects for maintaining a healthy surgical environment.

Graphical abstract
RSV-Prophylaxe
Authors: Resch Bernhard , Sever-Yildiz Gülsen
Published: February 2024

Händedesinfektion und Mund-Nasen-Schutz sind hocheffektive Prophylaxemaßnahmen, wie die COVID-19-Pandemie gezeigt hat. Nach 25 Jahren medikamentöser Prophylaxe mit dem monoklonalen Antikörper Palivizumab und zahlreichen Schwierigkeiten in der Umsetzung bei Risikokindern (Compliance, saisonale Problematik, monatliche i.m.-Gaben, hohe Kosten, Schwierigkeiten mit der chefärztlichen Bewilligung) gibt es nun erfreuliche Neuentwicklungen. Ein neuer monoklonaler Antikörper mit langer Halbwertszeit (deckt 5 Monate ab) – Nirsevimab – bietet nun erstmals die Chance für alle Kinder, wie ein Impfstoff zur Verfügung zu stehen und die Erkrankung in das 2. Lebensjahr zu verschieben, wo deutlich weniger schwere Verläufe zu erwarten wären. Mit Abrysvo gibt es nun auch einen Impfstoff, der den Schwangeren im letzten Trimenon verabreicht werden kann und über die nachfolgenden Monate durch den passiven maternalen Antikörpertransfer einen respektablen Schutz in den ersten kindlichen Lebensmonaten bietet. Je nach Geburtsmonat stellen sich nun verschiedene Prophylaxemöglichkeiten (Nirsevimab alleine oder in Kombination mit Abrysvo oder am Ender der Saison Abrysvo alleine etc.) dar, die Kinder vor einer frühen und schweren RSV-Infektion zu schützen.
ARGo: augmented reality-based mobile Go stone collision game
Authors: Lee Dohui , Won Sohyun , Kim Jiwon , Kwon Hyuk-Yoon
Published: February 2024

In this study, we present a mobile Go stone collision game based on augmented reality, which we call ARGo, inspired by the traditional Korean board game, Alkkagi. ARGo aims to resolve two main issues: (1) the portability and space constraints of the original Alkkagi and (2) the limited sense of reality due to the touchscreen-based interface of the existing mobile Alkkagi games. To improve a sense of the reality of the game, ARGo provides a gameplay interface similar to the original Alkkagi by recognizing the user‘s hand motion based on AR. Additionally, it provides a customization mechanism for each user to improve the recognition of the hand motion and the strength of the attack considering each user‘s characteristics. Finally, we make the following three main contributions. First, we employ the automata theory to design the game and collision scenarios between stones. Consequently, we can clearly define the complicated states incurred by AR-based motion recognition and collisions between virtual objects. Second, we propose a collision equation based on Continuous Collision Detection tailored to ARGo, i.e., Go stones and their collisions. Through experimental studies, we demonstrate that the collision equation enables the simulation of the exact collision effects. Third, through user experience studies, we verify the effectiveness of ARGo by showing the effects of the functions implemented in ARGo and its superiority over the existing mobile game Alkkagi Mania.
Internalism and Culpable Irrationality
Authors: Bergman Karl Gustav
Published: February 2024

According to internalism about rationality, the ir/rationality of a subject depends only on how things appear from her subjective perspective. According to culpabilism, rationality is a normative standard such that violations of rationality are (at least sometimes) blameworthy. According to a classical line of reasoning, culpabilism entails internalism. I argue that, to the contrary, culpabilism entails that internalism is false. The internalist cannot accommodate the possibility of culpable irrationality.
Characterization and evaluation of the morphological attributes of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) landraces
Authors: Hagos Abraha Rahiel , Shaibu Abdulwahab S. , Liang Jianli , Wu Jian , Lin Runmao , Wang Xiaowu
Published: February 2024

Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) is one of the Brassica leafy vegetables and oilseed crops, which can withstand adverse environmental conditions. This study was conducted to characterize and evaluate the leaf attributes of 313 Ethiopian mustard accessions grown in the greenhouse and field in 2018/19 in Beijing, China. Data on 18 different leaf morphological attributes were collected based on the IBPGR for Brassica and Raphanus descriptor format and Fiji Image J. The collected data were subjected to descriptive statistics using JMP version 14 software. Results indicate that the majority of the accessions had serrated leaf margin, intermediate juvenile development, rounded apex leaf shape, absence of leaf pubescence, number of lobes > 5 and had intermediate number of leaves per plant with frequencies of 101, 213, 223, 244, 183 and 289, respectively. The accessions had also white midrib color, light green leaf color, purple petiole color, purple stem color and purple apex leaf color pigments with frequencies of 168, 165, 104, 113 and 122, respectively. Significant differences were observed among the accessions for leaf size attributes (p < 0.001) indicating their potential as leafy vegetables. Furthermore, there were significant accession × environment effects for the laminal length, total leaf length, leaf area, leaf weight and petiole length. Notably, 71% of the accessions had an average of 81 days flowering time. The multivariate cluster and principal component analyses divided the 313 accessions into eight groups with distinctive information; consisting of 81, 37, 79, 38, 14, 11, 6 and 47 accessions. Thus, this study provides important information about Ethiopian mustard germplasms that is vital for further advancement and genetic improvement of the crop.
Study on the effects of pollen sources on the agronomic, biochemical, mineral, and pomological traits of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv 'Deglet Nour' fruits in Degache Oases (Tunisia)
Authors: Kadri Karim , Jemni Monia , Mesnoua Mohammed , Sharma Shyam Sundar , Malik Anoop Anand , Makhlouf Souhayla , Elsafy Mohammed
Published: February 2024

Given the dioecious nature of date palms, selecting an effective pollinizer bearing a substantial quantity of high-quality pollen is imperative. In this study, we investigated the effects of 11 male date palm cultivars from Tunisia on the production of female trees, fruit sets, and the characteristics of 'Deglet Nour' cultivar dates. The comparison of pollen germination rates showed that ABD1 and P169 pollens exhibited outstanding viability, with 98.7% and 98.3%, respectively. On the other hand, P169 pollen had the highest germination rate, at 86.3%. The most remarkable fruit set (90.7%) and retention rate (69.7%) were observed in response to P13 pollen. In response to the P165 pollinator, the fruit stood out among the resulting fruits for their notable weight, averaging 11.6 g. In addition, pollination with P90 increased total soluble solids (measured at 74.4°Brix in the Tamr stage), whereas P7-pollinated fruits recorded the highest levels of reducing sugars, reaching 41%. Notably, the highest acidity levels were found in P7-pollinated fruits (0.29%), and pollen sources significantly influenced the fruits' mineral content.

Moreover, regarding pomological characteristics, fruits pollinated with P4 attained maximum size, measuring 4.10 cm. Conversely, P7-pollinated fruits had a notable width of 2.02 cm. These findings illustrate the possibility of the selective application of high-value pollinizers and emphasize the direct influence of pollen sources on fruit quantity and quality.
A survey on the state of the art of force myography technique (FMG): analysis and assessment
Authors: Sherif Omar , Bassuoni Mohamed Mahgoub , Mehrez Omar
Published: February 2024

Precise feedback assures precise control commands especially for assistive or rehabilitation devices. Biofeedback systems integrated with assistive or rehabilitative robotic exoskeletons tend to increase its performance and effectiveness. Therefore, there has been plenty of research in the field of biofeedback covering different aspects such as signal acquisition, conditioning, feature extraction and integration with the control system. Among several types of biofeedback systems, Force myography (FMG) technique is a promising one in terms of affordability, high classification accuracies, ease to use, and low computational cost. Compared to traditional biofeedback systems such as electromyography (EMG) which offers some invasive techniques, FMG offers a completely non-invasive solution with much less effort for preprocessing with high accuracies. This work covers the whole aspects of FMG technique in terms of signal acquisition, feature extraction, signal processing, developing the machine learning model, evaluating tools for the performance of the model. Stating the difference between real-time and offline assessment, also highlighting the main uncovered points for further study, and thus enhancing the development of this technique.

Graphical abstract
PLCD3 inhibits apoptosis and promotes proliferation, invasion and migration in gastric cancer
Authors: Yu Yantao , Baral Shantanu , Sun Qiannan , Ding Jianyue , Zhang Qi , Zhao Fanyu , Gao Shuyang , Yao Qing , Yu Haoyue , Liu Bin , Wang Daorong
Published: February 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) is a heterogeneous disease whose development is accompanied by alterations in a variety of pathogenic genes. The phospholipase C Delta 3 enzyme is a member of the phospholipase C family, which controls substance transport between cells in the body. However, its role in gastric cancer has not been discovered. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and mechanism of action of PLCD3 in connection to gastric cancer. By Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, PLCD3 mRNA and protein expression levels were measured, with high PLCD3 expression suggesting poor prognosis. In N87 and HGC-27 cells, the silencing of PLCD3 using small interfering RNA effectively induced apoptosis and inhibited tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Conversely, overexpression of PLCD3 using overexpressed plasmids inhibited apoptosis in AGS and BGC-823 cells and promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion. In order to investigate the underlying mechanisms, we conducted further analysis of PLCD3, which indicates that this protein is closely related to the cell cycle and EMT. Additionally, we found that overexpression of PLCD3 inhibits apoptosis and promotes the development of GC cells through JAK2/STAT3 signaling. In conclusion, PLCD3 inhibits apoptosis and promotes proliferation, invasion, and migration, which indicated that PLCD3 might serve as a therapeutic target for gastric cancer.