bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling radial dependency effects in fiber thermal drawing
Authors: Page Alexis G. , Bechert Mathias , Gallaire François , Sorin Fabien
Published: July 2019

Fiber-based devices with advanced functionalities are emerging as promising solutions for various applications in flexible electronics and bioengineering. Multimaterial thermal drawing, in particular, has attracted strong interest for its ability to generate fibers with complex architectures. Thus far, however, the understanding of its fluid dynamics has only been applied to single material preforms for which higher order effects, such as the radial dependency of the axial velocity, could be neglected. With complex multimaterial preforms, such effects must be taken into account, as they can affect the architecture and the functional properties of the resulting fiber device. Here, we propose a versatile model of the thermal drawing of fibers, which takes into account a radially varying axial velocity. Unlike the commonly used cross section averaged approach, our model is capable of predicting radial variations of functional properties caused by the deformation during drawing. This is demonstrated for two effects observed, namely, by unraveling the deformation of initially straight, transversal lines in the preform and the dependence on the draw ratio and radial position of the in-fiber electrical conductivity of polymer nanocomposites, an important class of materials for emerging fiber devices. This work sets a thus far missing theoretical and practical understanding of multimaterial fiber processing to better engineer advanced fibers and textiles for sensing, health care, robotics, or bioengineering applications.
Deformation and dynamics of erythrocytes govern their traversal through microfluidic devices with a deterministic lateral displacement architecture
Authors: Chien Wei , Zhang Zunmin , Gompper Gerhard , Fedosov Dmitry A.
Published: July 2019

Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) microfluidic devices promise versatile and precise processing of biological samples. However, this prospect has been realized so far only for rigid spherical particles and remains limited for biological cells due to the complexity of cell dynamics and deformation in microfluidic flow. We employ mesoscopic hydrodynamics simulations of red blood cells (RBCs) in DLD devices with circular posts to better understand the interplay between cell behavior in complex microfluidic flow and sorting capabilities of such devices. We construct a mode diagram of RBC behavior (e.g., displacement, zig-zagging, and intermediate modes) and identify several regimes of RBC dynamics (e.g., tumbling, tank-treading, and trilobe motion). Furthermore, we link the complex interaction dynamics of RBCs with the post to their effective cell size and discuss relevant physical mechanisms governing the dynamic cell states. In conclusion, sorting of RBCs in DLD devices based on their shear elasticity is, in general, possible but requires fine-tuning of flow conditions to targeted mechanical properties of the RBCs.
Energy-band alignments at ZnO/Ga2O3 and Ta2O5/Ga2O3 heterointerfaces by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron affinity rule
Authors: Liu Zeng , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Xia , Li Wanjun , Zhi Yusong , Wang Xiaolong , Li Peigang , Tang Weihua
Published: July 2019

Wide bandgap oxide semiconductors have been a hot topic in electronic and optoelectronic technologies. The oxide heterojunctions provide many significant favorable properties in devices. The energy-band alignments at the heterointerfaces between oxides play a key role in the functional electronics. In this work, we studied the band alignments of ZnO/Ga2O3 and Ta2O5/Ga2O3 heterojunctions. The valence band offsets of Ta2O5/Ga2O3 and ZnO/Ga2O3 heterojunctions were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Ta2O5/Ga2O3 heterojunction exhibits a type II band alignment with a valence band offset of −0.24±0.02eV and a conduction band offset of 1.06±0.02eV, while the ZnO/Ga2O3 heterojunction has a type I band alignment accompanied with a valence band offset of 0.14±0.05eV and a conduction band offset of 1.47±0.05eV, which has no obvious difference with results by the electron affinity rule. The investigation for Ta2O5/Ga2O3 and ZnO/Ga2O3 heterojunctions could provide a useful guidance of design and physical analysis of their further applications in corresponding heterogeneous structured devices.
Anisotropic spin-orbit torque generation in epitaxial SrIrO
3
by symmetry design
Authors: Nan T. , Anderson T. J. , Gibbons J. , Hwang K. , Campbell N. , Zhou H. , Dong Y. Q. , Kim G. Y. , Shao D. F. , Paudel T. R. , Reynolds N. , Wang X. J. , Sun N. X. , Tsymbal E. Y. , Choi S. Y. , Rzchowski M. S. , Kim Yong Baek , Ralph D. C. , Eom C. B.
Published: July 2019

Significance

Modern spintronics operate based on the spin-to-charge interconversion, where charge current flowing through materials and interfaces with the strong spin-orbit interaction generates spin current via the spin-Hall effect. Here, we report the discovery of a class of intrinsic spin-Hall materials: 5
d
transition-metal complex oxides. In these materials, a delicate interplay between spin-orbit coupling and electron correlation exists, which can lead to nontrivial spin-related quantum transport phenomena. In particular, we find that epitaxial perovskite SrIrO
3
thin films generate room-temperature spin currents via the spin-Hall effect more efficiently than those previously reported for elemental heavy metals. Furthermore, the efficiency can be modified by epitaxially tailoring the anisotropic SrIrO
3
crystalline symmetry, thus demonstrating a path toward engineering efficient room-temperature spintronics.
Protein engineering of a ubiquitin-variant inhibitor of APC/C identifies a cryptic K48 ubiquitin chain binding site
Authors: Watson Edmond R. , Grace Christy R. R. , Zhang Wei , Miller Darcie J. , Davidson Iain F. , Prabu J. Rajan , Yu Shanshan , Bolhuis Derek L. , Kulko Elizaveta T. , Vollrath Ronnald , Haselbach David , Stark Holger , Peters Jan-Michael , Brown Nicholas G. , Sidhu Sachdev S. , Schulman Brenda A.
Published: July 2019

Ubiquitin (Ub)-mediated proteolysis is a fundamental mechanism used by eukaryotic cells to maintain homeostasis and protein quality, and to control timing in biological processes. Two essential aspects of Ub regulation are conjugation through E1-E2-E3 enzymatic cascades and recognition by Ub-binding domains. An emerging theme in the Ub field is that these 2 properties are often amalgamated in conjugation enzymes. In addition to covalent thioester linkage to Ub’s C terminus for Ub transfer reactions, conjugation enzymes often bind noncovalently and weakly to Ub at “exosites.” However, identification of such sites is typically empirical and particularly challenging in large molecular machines. Here, studying the 1.2-MDa E3 ligase anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), which controls cell division and many aspects of neurobiology, we discover a method for identifying unexpected Ub-binding sites. Using a panel of Ub variants (UbVs), we identify a protein-based inhibitor that blocks Ub ligation to APC/C substrates in vitro and ex vivo. Biochemistry, NMR, and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structurally define the UbV interaction, explain its inhibitory activity through binding the surface on the APC2 subunit that recruits the E2 enzyme UBE2C, and ultimately reveal that this APC2 surface is also a Ub-binding exosite with preference for K48-linked chains. The results provide a tool for probing APC/C activity, have implications for the coordination of K48-linked Ub chain binding by APC/C with the multistep process of substrate polyubiquitylation, and demonstrate the power of UbV technology for identifying cryptic Ub-binding sites within large multiprotein complexes.
In vivo imaging reveals transient microglia recruitment and functional recovery of photoreceptor signaling after injury
Authors: Miller Eric B. , Zhang Pengfei , Ching Karli , Pugh Edward N. , Burns Marie E.
Published: July 2019

Significance

Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, are critical for synaptic pruning and maintenance and for mitigating injury and neurodegeneration. Determining whether microglia–neuron interactions are beneficial in specific instances has been difficult, largely because of the local and transient nature of the interactions. Using simultaneous optical coherence tomography/scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and adaptive optics SLO retinal imaging in mice, we show interactions of microglia and photoreceptors over time scales from seconds to months during injury, degeneration, and repair. In vivo optical assessment of photoreceptor signaling in a large neuronal field encompassing the injured area allows us to relate the time course of these microglia movements to that of the tissue remodeling and functional recovery.
Regulation of
CCL2
expression in human vascular endothelial cells by a neighboring divergently transcribed long noncoding RNA
Authors: Khyzha Nadiya , Khor Melvin , DiStefano Peter V. , Wang Liangxi , Matic Ljubica , Hedin Ulf , Wilson Michael D. , Maegdefessel Lars , Fish Jason E.
Published: July 2019

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is driven, in part, by activation of vascular endothelial cells (ECs). In response to inflammatory stimuli, the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway orchestrates the expression of a network of EC genes that contribute to monocyte recruitment and diapedesis across the endothelium. Although many long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are dysregulated in atherosclerosis, they remain poorly characterized, especially in the context of human vascular inflammation. Prior studies have illustrated that lncRNAs can regulate their neighboring protein-coding genes via interaction with protein complexes. We therefore identified and characterized neighboring interleukin-1β (IL-1β)−regulated messenger RNA (mRNA)−lncRNA pairs in ECs. We found these pairs to be highly correlated in expression, especially when located within the same chromatin territory. Additionally, these pairs were predominantly divergently transcribed and shared common gene regulatory elements, characterized by active histone marks and NF-κB binding. Further analysis was performed on
lncRNA-CCL2
, which is transcribed divergently to the gene,
CCL2
, encoding a proatherosclerotic chemokine.
LncRNA-CCL2
and
CCL2
showed coordinate up-regulation in response to inflammatory stimuli, and their expression was correlated in unstable symptomatic human atherosclerotic plaques. Knock-down experiments revealed that
lncRNA-CCL2
positively regulated
CCL2
mRNA levels in multiple primary ECs and EC cell lines. This regulation appeared to involve the interaction of
lncRNA-CCL2
with RNA binding proteins, including HNRNPU and IGF2BP2. Hence, our approach has uncovered a network of neighboring mRNA−lncRNA pairs in the setting of inflammation and identified the function of an lncRNA,
lncRNA-CCL2
, which may contribute to atherogenesis in humans.
Leptin signaling impairs macrophage defenses against
Salmonella
Typhimurium
Authors: Fischer Julia , Gutièrrez Saray , Ganesan Raja , Calabrese Chiara , Ranjan Rajeev , Cildir Gökhan , Hos Nina Judith , Rybniker Jan , Wolke Martina , Fries Jochen W. U. , Tergaonkar Vinay , Plum Georg , Antebi Adam , Robinson Nirmal
Published: July 2019

Significance

In the present study, we identify and describe an important cross-talk between leptin signaling and macrophage functions in the context of
Salmonella
Typhimurium infection. Genetic ablation of leptin receptor or pharmacological antagonization of leptin augmented lysosomal functions in macrophages, reduced
S.
Typhimurium burden, and diminished inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. Leptin signaling activates mTORC2/Akt pathway through the down-regulation of Phlpp1 phosphatase, thus impairs lysosome-mediated pathogen clearance.
First Lady, Secretary of State and Presidential Candidate
Authors: Ahrens Kathleen
Published: July 2019

While many studies have examined to what extent politicians invoked a particular source domain to advance their ideology, no study to date has focused on the metaphor use of an individual politician across different political roles. This paper fills this gap by analyzing the war metaphors used by Hillary Clinton in her personal speeches in the roles of U.S. First Lady, a U.S. Senator, and as a candidate for the 2008 Democratic nomination for U.S. President and demonstrates that Clinton’s metaphor use reflects a politician who chooses her battles carefully and invokes figurative language to gain support for the causes that are important to her.
Fairies, Christmas miracles and sham marriages
Authors: Heyvaert Pauline
Published: July 2019

This research analyzes the use of potentially deliberate metaphors in Belgian governmental policy statements over a time span of ten years. The analysis of this type of metaphor allows for further investigation into metaphor variation. Our results suggest that one variable that plays a role in the variation of political metaphors is the political situation of a country: the more hectic the political landscape, the more metaphor variation might occur. Throughout this chapter, some of the most striking potentially deliberate metaphors and tendencies are discussed, with the aim of establishing a possible explanation for what drives metaphorical variation in political discourse.
Greek metaphors in the fiscal straightjacket
Authors: Vogiatzis Anastasios
Published: July 2019

This paper examines the use of figurative language in the context of the Greek financial crisis during the period 2010–2011. In particular it examines the use of metaphor as a framing device (Camp 2015) in five speeches delivered by the Greek Prime Minister, George A. Papandreou. These speeches aimed to officially introduce to the public the collapse of the Greek economy, and most importantly, the change in the financial policies of the government which would be, or were, characterized by harsh economic measures such as job cuts, reduction of wages and pensions, as well as cuts on social spending. A close look at these speeches reveals extensive use of metaphoric language, with positively valenced metaphoric frames significantly outnumbering negative ones. The metaphoric language of the speeches appears in clusters and revolves mainly around three core themes: namely, the state of the economy, the process to improve it, and the role of the Greek people in this process. Variation in political metaphor is observed in these three themes and also in a case of a non-linguistic metaphor related to light. A fact that makes the use of metaphoric language of extreme interest in these speeches is that it is placed within a straightjacket, i.e. the fiscal straightjacket.
Introduction: Studying variation in political metaphor
Authors: Reuchamps Min , Thibodeau Paul H. , Perrez Julien
Published: July 2019

The introduction offers an overview of the literature on political metaphors, with Critical Discourse Analysis and Conceptual Metaphor Theory as starting points. It then presents the main objective of the book, viz. to study the variation in political metaphor, based on the analyses of actual data, from diverse corpora, political actors and countries. On this basis, the threefold approach to variation in political metaphor is presented: diachronic, functional and methodological variations.
Mapping translation studies in China based on Holmes/Toury Map
Authors: Zhao Yanfei , Ma Huijuan
Published: July 2019

In the evolution of Translation Studies (TS) in China, one landmark development was its being established as a standalone discipline in 2004 and a seminal publication in this regard isChinese Translators Journal(CTJ). This study, by surveying 1,283 papers published inCTJfrom 2004 to 2016, aims to identify the main features and research trends of TS in China based on the Holmes/Toury map. It reveals that of the three branches of TS, the theoretical branch claimed the largest share, that the number of descriptive studies had been increasing and that the scope of areas covered by applied TS was expanding. Besides, the study also verifies the significant value of Holmes’ framework as a highly serviceable guide and its applicability,mutatis mutandis, to TS in China. This study may arguably shed fresh light on the latest developments of TS in the Chinese context.
Prosodic versatility, hierarchical rank and pragmatic function in
conversational markers
Authors: Navarro Antonio Hidalgo , Hernández Diana Martínez
Published: July 2019

In the framework of the prosody-markers
interface, the present study focuses its attention on a specific
functional aspect: the possible relationship between prosodic
realization and the higher or lower hierarchical rank of a marker in
the discursive structure. We start from the hypothesis that the
prosodic realization of certain markers in a given context,
according to its particular F0 curve, its accentual realization, its
phonic dependence, its position, etc., can condition its
hierarchical-structural range. We have taken as a base the
Val.Es.Co. Group Corpus (Briz
and Val.Es.Co. Group 2002; Cabedo and Pons 2013). The
structural segmentation model of discourse adopted as reference
standard is that by Briz and
Val.Es.Co. Group (2003) and Briz and Val.Es.Co. Group (2014).
Causal relations between discourse and grammar
Authors: Degand Liesbeth
Published: July 2019

The chapter presents a cross-linguistic study of
the subordinating conjunctions parce que in French
and omdat in Dutch (both corresponding to English
because) at the interface between discourse and
grammar. It is argued that causal subordinate conjunctions do not
always mark a causal relation at the discourse level, because they
do not always link two independent utterances or speech-acts. Such
subordinating conjunctions, however, can gain discourse status, when
they are used paratactically; as may be witnessed from accompanying
discourse behavior such as co-occurring discourse markers, filled
pauses, declination reset, etc. Thus, the aim of this study is to
gain deeper insight into the discursive consequences of the
grammatical options of coordination and subordination.
Expectation changes over time
Authors: Gerwien Johannes , Rudka Martha
Published: July 2019

Focus-sensitive particles (FP) are assumed to
guide comprehenders’ attention by focalizing constituents and
contrasting them to a set of alternatives (Blakemore 2002). However, here we show that
the effect the German FP sogar asserts is not
uniform across different sentences. We then present findings from a
visual world study (Huettig
et al. 2011) which show that, when the FP induces a high
degree of expectation change during incremental online
comprehension, visual attention to focalized targets is delayed.
This suggests that (1) the system attempts to integrate the FP into
the situation model immediately, but that (2) a full model update,
including the calculation of new predictions about upcoming
linguistic material is cognitively demanding in high expectation
change contexts.
Task motivation
Authors: Dörnyei Zoltán
Published: July 2019

Any cognitive benefit from an instructional activity requires that the participants engage with the learning process, and yet the study of ‘task motivation’ has not been a featured theme in research on either L2 motivation or on L2 tasks. This chapter begins with a discussion of the possible causes of this limited interest in the topic, followed by an overview of past theorizing on how motivation unfolds in specific behavioural segments such as learning tasks. It is then argued that recent research on ‘directed motivational currents’ (DMCs) offers a new angle for the understanding of task engagement, as it considers in a unified construct a person’s initial motivation (goal/vision) and its manifestation in the individual’s actual action, that is, in task participation. This integration of a motive and the ensuing task behaviour is believed to offer a fruitful framework to explore task motivation afresh, and the chapter concludes by addressing the question of what makes an L2 task engaging.
The effects of task demands on linguistic complexity and accuracy across task types and L1/L2 speakers
Authors: Michel Marije , Révész Andrea , Shi Danni , Li Yanmei
Published: July 2019

The relationship between task variables and linguistic production has been the object of much second language (L2) research. This study contributes to this line of research by investigating the extent to which increasing cognitive task demands affects the syntactic complexity and accuracy of L2 performance across different speaker groups (first and second language) and task types. An additional goal of the study was to explore how various measures of linguistic accuracy and complexity pattern together. The participants were English L1 speakers (N = 16) and German L2 speakers of English (N = 16), who performed cognitively less and more demanding versions of three task types (decision-making, map, and narrative). Syntactic complexity was evaluated in terms of measures of overall, subordination and phrasal complexity, and accuracy was assessed with error-free clause and weighted clause ratios. Reflecting predictions by Skehan (2009, 2015), the results showed that the effects of cognitive task demands on syntactic complexity and accuracy varied according to task type and speaker status. Subordination complexity had a strong positive relationship with overall complexity, but correlated negatively with phrasal complexity. A limited number of trade-offs between the syntactic complexity and accuracy measures was also attested.
Theory of active particle penetration through a planar elastic membrane
Authors: Daddi-Moussa-Ider Abdallah , Liebchen Benno , Menzel Andreas M , Löwen Hartmut
Published: July 2019

With the rapid advent of biomedical and biotechnological innovations, a deep understanding of the nature of interaction between nanomaterials and cell membranes, tissues, and organs, has become increasingly important. Active penetration of nanoparticles through cell membranes is a fascinating phenomenon that may have important implications in various biomedical and clinical applications. Using a fully analytical theory supplemented by particle-based computer simulations, the penetration process of an active particle through a planar two-dimensional elastic membrane is studied. The membrane is modeled as a self-assembled sheet of particles, uniformly arranged on a square lattice. A coarse-grained model is introduced to describe the mutual interactions between the membrane particles. The active penetrating particle is assumed to interact sterically with the membrane particles. State diagrams are presented to fully characterize the system behavior as functions of the relevant control parameters governing the transition between different dynamical states. Three distinct scenarios are identified. These compromise trapping of the active particle, penetration through the membrane with subsequent self-healing, in addition to penetration with permanent disruption of the membrane. The latter scenario may be accompanied by a partial fragmentation of the membrane into bunches of isolated or clustered particles and creation of a hole of a size exceeding the interaction range of the membrane components. It is further demonstrated that the capability of penetration is strongly influenced by the size of the approaching particle relative to that of the membrane particles. Accordingly, active particles with larger size are more likely to remain trapped at the membrane for the same propulsion speed. Such behavior is in line with experimental observations. Our analytical theory is based on a combination of a perturbative expansion technique and a discrete-to-continuum formulation. It well describes the system behavior in the small-deformation regime. Particularly, the theory allows to determine the membrane displacement of the particles in the trapping state. Our approach might be helpful for the prediction of the transition threshold between the trapping and penetration in real-space experiments involving motile swimming bacteria or artificial active particles.
Parallel quantum trajectories via forking for sampling without redundancy
Authors: Park Daniel K , Sinayskiy Ilya , Fingerhuth Mark , Petruccione Francesco , Rhee June-Koo Kevin
Published: July 2019

The computational cost of preparing a quantum state can be substantial depending on the structure of data to be encoded. Many quantum algorithms require repeated sampling to find the answer, mandating reconstruction of the same input state for every execution of an algorithm. Thus, the advantage of quantum computation can diminish due to redundant state initialization. We present a framework based on quantum forking that bypasses this fundamental issue and expedites a family of tasks that require sampling from independent quantum processes. Quantum forking propagates an input state to multiple quantum trajectories in superposition, and a weighted power sum of individual results from each trajectories is obtained in one measurement via quantum interference. The significance of our work is demonstrated via applications to implementing non-unitary quantum channels, studying entanglement and benchmarking quantum control. A proof-of-principle experiment is implemented on the IBM and Rigetti quantum cloud platforms.
Heavy Ion Results from ATLAS and CMS
Authors: Krofcheck David
Published: July 2019

The heavy-ion programmes in the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider aim to probe and characterise properties of the quark-gluon plasma created in relativistic nuclear collisions. This work presents selected results of collective effects, system size effects, and quarkonia production in p-p, p-Pb, Pb-Pb, and Xe-Xe collisions.
LHCb Upgrades
Authors: Steinkamp Olaf
Published: July 2019

During the LHC long shutdown 2, in 2019/2020, the LHCb collaboration is going to perform a major upgrade of the experiment. The upgraded detector is designed to operate at a five times higher instantaneous luminosity than in Run II and can be read out at the full bunch-crossing frequency of the LHC, abolishing the need for a hardware trigger. This talk will present a short overview of the upgrade activities and highlight the physics reach of the upgraded experiment for selected physics topics. Plans for future upgrades will be briefly outlined.
BSM constraints from model-independent measurements: A Contur Update
Authors: Butterworth Jon
Published: July 2019

Particle-level measurements, especially of differential cross-sections, made in fiducial regions of phase-space have a high degree of model-independence and can therefore be used to give information about a wide variety of Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics implemented in Monte Carlo generators, using a broad range of final states. The Contur package is used to make such comparisons. We summarise a snapshot of current results for a number of BSM scenarios; a UV complete model in which the global Baryon-number minus Lepton-number symmetry is gauged; several Dark Matter simplified models, and two generic light scalar models.
Thermal Model Fits in p-p, p-Pb and Pb-Pb Collisions
Authors: Cleymans Jean , Hippolyte Boris , Paradza Masimba , Sharma Natasha
Published: July 2019

Recent work on the particle composition (hadrochemistry) of the final state in proton-proton (p-p), proton-lead (p-Pb) and lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions as a function of the charged particle multiplicity (dN
ch/dη) is reviewed. It is argued that for high multiplicities (at least about 20 charged hadrons in the mid-rapidity interva) consistent results are obtained in the thermal model.
Unification of gauge and Yukawa couplings
Authors: Deandrea Aldo
Published: July 2019

In this talk we describe how unification of gauge and Yukawa couplings can be obtained in gauge-Higgs unification models in extra-dimensions using a toy model. It is usually considered that such unification is difficult to obtain using simple group theory arguments. We consider a toy model based on the SU(3) symmetry and show that including the renormalisation group running at one loop for the couplings improve the result. The gauge couplings unify asymptotically at high energies, and this may result from the presence of an UV fixed point. The Yukawa coupling is enhanced at low energies, showing that a genuine unification of gauge and Yukawa couplings may be achieved. Some other arguments and directions of study are also mentioned to tackle the problem of producing a scalar potential allowing to accommodate the measured Higgs mass at 125 GeV.
Disaster Education Through Local Knowledge in Some Area of Merapi Volcano
Authors: Septiana M E , Wardoyo M A I , Praptiwi N Y , Ashari A N S , Ashari A , Susanti N I , Jainudin  , Latifah F , Nugrahagung P P
Published: July 2019

Merapi volcano in Central Java is one of the most active volcanoes in the world. However, the area of Mount Merapi is still occupied by many inhabitants. Population growth in disaster prone areas is also quite high, even after a major eruption disaster in 2010. To reduce disaster risk, disaster education is necessary, including by utilizing local knowledge about disasters. This paper aims to (1) identify disaster education through local knowledge in the western and southern flank of Merapi Volcano, (2) reveals the influence of physical environmental conditions on disaster education that is formed. The research is done by geography approach that is environmental approach and emphasize on the theme of geography especially location, place, and human- environment interaction. The results show: (1) There are several forms of disaster education through local knowledge among others in the form of advice, philosophy of life, myths, art, and culture. The educational process is done in various activities of community life, both during pre disaster, disaster, and post disaster. village elders and community leaders are the most influential parties in the disaster education process. However, at present the role of local knowledge in disaster education is relatively poor. (2) There is an influence of the physical environmental conditions on the form of disaster education, especially geomorphological conditions. Geomorphological conditions affect the types of volcanic hazards, thus determining the characteristics of disaster education undertaken. This paper presents alternative methods in disaster education, in an effort to support disaster management that has been done by the government.
Enhancing role of elementary school in developing sustainable disaster preparedness: a review with some examples from disaster-prone areas of Merapi
Authors: Pambudi D I , Ashari A
Published: July 2019

Emergencies of natural disasters often occur suddenly. In an effort to reduce disaster risk, good preparedness is needed, especially in the locations that become the center of activities, one of which is elementary school. The school is responsible for ensuring the safety of its citizens in disaster emergencies, especially elementary schools whose students are included in the vulnerable age group. On the other hand, schools as educational institutions should also be able to play a role in increasing students’ knowledge and skills concerning disasters. Students are the fastest agents of knowledge transfer from school to their families and communities. Therefore, early child empowerment to understand disaster risk reduction is very important and useful. In disaster-prone areas of Merapi eruption, there are many elementary schools. With the potential for eruption hazards in the future, it is necessary to increase the role of elementary schools in building preparedness in facing disasters. The purpose of this paper is to identify how to improve the role of elementary schools in building disaster preparedness. Through a systematic literature review of 25 journals and books in range year 2006 to 2018, both in English and Indonesian added by a variety of data. This paper tries to present the existing role of primary schools and what efforts are made in enhancing the role. The review highlights some points to enhance the role of elementary school, namely: (1) school plays a very important role in providing understanding to children. (2) Disaster Risk Management Education and disaster preparedness in schools are very important aspects as part of the daily life of the school community. (3) Schools where most of their citizens are children are often seen as vulnerable people while they can actually play a role in disaster risk reduction. (4) Many elementary schools in the disaster-prone areas of Merapi have developed disaster preparedness schools. (5) The role of primary schools can be further enhanced by increasing the role of principals and teachers, implementing disaster education, empowering the role of schools in critical situations, mapping and determining the location of renewed evacuations.
Landslide Risk Reduction by Using Geographic Information System in District Kaligesing, Purworejo Regency
Authors: Prasastiawati D. , Sumunar D. R. S.
Published: July 2019

Landslide takes a charge about 614 phenomenon with 3,5 milion more victims as long as 2017 in Indonesia. This study aims to: 1) take a measurement of landslide risk level in District Kaligesing, Purworejo Regency, and 2) to arrange alternatives of landslide risk reduction in District Kaligesing, Purworejo Regency. This is a descriptive quantitative research with GIS analysis using Arc.GIS 10.3 application. This study uses spatial and ecological approach. This population study is 147 landuse units. This study using primary data to measure the capacity level of society on disaster and secondary data to measure the vulnerability level. Data collection using observation, documentation, and interview methods. The data analysis techniques is using GIS analysis by scoring and overlay. The results shows that: 1) the variation of landslide risk level in District Kaligesing, Purworejo Regency divided into three classes: high level (9,41 km2), medium level (37,55 km2), and low level (28,94 km2). The percentage of high level is 12.40%, percentage of medium level is 49.47%, and percentage of low level is 38.13%. The highest risk level of landslides is located in Donorejo covering 6.77 km2 or 71.92% of the high-level area and the lowest risk level of landslides is located in Sudorogo covering 0.17 km2 or 0.59% of the low-level areas; 2) the alternatives advice of landslide prevention given through preventive and persuasive methods. The prevention methods such as make any limitation of building plan, and relocation in higher-level areas, infrastructure development at the moderate level, and establishment of sister s and integrated evacuation sites in low-level institutions. Persuasive methods done through grinding functions with disaster management organizations, forming community-based and using social media to give more access information related to landslide disaster.
The role of women in deadling with risk of flood
Authors: Yulianti E. , Hastuti
Published: July 2019

Disaster is a series of events that threaten human life, resulting in damage, loss and loss of life. Women are vulnerable groups in the event of a disaster, when there are more women who die. Women are more likely to be victims when a disaster occurs because they have a domestic role that is to take care of the house and children so that when a disaster occurs it is difficult to carry out rescue. The research method used is descriptive qualitative by conducting in-depth interviews. The purpose of this study is to analyze how women’s participation in dealing with the risk of flood disasters in Kalianda District, South Lampung Regency. The results of this study are that women participate directly in the Disaster Preparedness Village group by conducting counseling and initiating and participating women in Disaster Preparedness Cadets.
Local Wisdom and Public Participation in Landslide Disasters in Girimulyo Kulon Progo
Authors: Asriyani N. , Hastuti
Published: July 2019

This research is about the local wisdom of Girimulyo community in disaster prevention. The purpose of this research is to obtain data and information about local wisdom based on knowledge, understanding, and the way of local wisdom mitigation of landslide disaster in Girimulyo. This type of research is qualitative. There is 5 households selected as sample by using propotional sampling technique. For informants, they were selected using porposive sampling where the people living in Girimulyo were selected as informants were questionnaires analyzed using percentages. Outcomes (1) Local wisdom based on their knowledge can predict it then save themselves elsewhere, (2) Communities have a good understanding to determine what they should do (3) Community mitigation activities are done by preparing all the needs that should be brought. Girimulyo people got information about the disaster from BPBD Kulon Progo government.
MICHARUMI (Minibook Keychain Eruption Mitigation) as a Map Based Eruption Mitigation Guide Book for Senior High School
Authors: Prasetya R. B. , Rahmawati D. , Muliarti R. , Nursa’ban M.
Published: July 2019

One of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia and even in the world is Mount Merapi, which is located in the Special Province of Yogyakarta and Central Java Province. Merapi Volcano eruption has been going on since 1000 AD with a span of once in a period of 1-7 years and a period of inactivity of a maximum of 12 years. Knowledge of disaster mitigation among students is expected to be able to build preparedness. Student preparedness is built to minimize casualties. One effort to build student preparedness is to use a map-based mitigation guide. This study aims to produce MICHARUMI (Minibook Keychain Eruption Mitigation) as a Map-Based Eruption Mitigation Handbook for High School Students. This study uses the RnD (Research and Development) research method which is adapted from the Sugiono development model. The result of this work is a small book that has hangers and contains about eruption mitigation, evacuation steps, and evacuation path maps, so this book can be an easy-to-use guide during critical situations.
Analysis of Earthquake Resistant House Characteristics as Optimization of Earthquake Victims
Authors: Ibrahim Y. , Sumunar D. R. S.
Published: July 2019

An earthquake is a natural disaster that is often found in the world, this is triggered by the movement of plates or the effects of volcanic eruptions. Indonesia is one country that has a high level of earthquake vulnerability because Indonesia is flanked by two of the world’s great oceans (Indian and Pacific oceans), Indonesia is at the confluence of the world’s three main plates (Indo-Australian plate, Eurasian plate, and Pacific plate), and very diverse Indonesian surface conditions (relief). Efforts to mitigate disasters have been carried out for how to minimize casualties and physical losses that have fallen, one of them is by making houses earthquake resistant. This article aims to analyze the characteristics of earthquake resistant homes with the aim of minimizing the impact of an earthquake.
How Literature Delivers Knowledge and Understanding, Illustrated by Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles and Wharton’s Summer
Authors: Peels Rik
Published: July 2019

Some philosophers, like Alex Rosenberg, claim that natural science delivers epistemic values such as knowledge and understanding, whereas, say, literature and, according to some, literary studies, merely have aesthetic value. Many of those working in the field of literary studies oppose this idea. But it is not clear exactly how works of literary art embody knowledge and understanding and how literary studies can bring these to the light. After all, literary works of art are pieces of fiction, which suggests that they are not meant to represent the actual world. How then can they deliver knowledge and understanding? I argue that literature and literary studies confer knowledge and understanding in at least five ways: they give us insight into the work and the world of the work of art in question, they shape our intellectual virtues, they invite us to apply various hypotheses, they deliver moral propositional knowledge, and they increase or bring about full understanding with respect to meaning, virtue, and significance. In the course of my argument, I refer at several junctures to Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles and Edith Wharton’s Summer, in order to illustrate each of these claims.
Influence of Pre-Morbid Migraine History on Baseline Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening and King-Devick Test Performance
Authors: Moran R N , Wallace J , Covassin T
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To examine the effects of premorbid migraine history on baseline Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) and King-Devick (KD) test performance in youth athletes.

Methods

This study implemented a cross-sectional design and was conducted at a series of youth sport venues in a designated research area. Youth athletes between the ages of 8 and 14 years with a diagnosed history of migraine headaches (n=28) and match controls (n=28) were administered a baseline VOMS and KD test. Between-group comparisons for provocation scores on the VOMS (smooth pursuit, saccades, convergence, vestibular-ocular reflex [VOR], and visual motion sensitivity [VMS]), Near-point of convergence [NPC] average distance (cm), and KD time (seconds) were conducted.

Results

Individuals diagnosed with migraine headaches reported greater VOMS scores compared to match controls on smooth pursuit (0.43±1.1 vs. 0.00±0.0; p=.02), convergence (0.46±1.2 vs. 0.04±0.1; p=.04), horizontal VOR (0.89±1.4 vs. 0.07±0.2; p<.001), vertical VOR (0.61±1.1 vs. 0.11±0.3; p=.04), and VMS (0.86±1.5 vs. 0.04±0.1; p=.01). Differences were also observed on the KD test with worse times in the diagnosed migraine group (54.33±11.8s) compared to match controls (47.17±8.9s; p=.02). No differences were reported on NPC distance between the migraine (2.22±3.1cm) and control group (0.83±1.2; p=.06).

Conclusion

Youth athletes with diagnosed migraine history reported higher baseline VOMS scores and worse KD time compared to match controls, further illustrating the influence of premorbid migraine headaches as a risk factor for elevated baseline concussion assessment. Special consideration may be warranted for post-concussion assessment in athletes with diagnosed migraine headaches.
A Four-Factor Symptom Model for Student Athletes with and without Prior Concussions
Authors: Karr J E , Maxwell B A , Zafonte R , Berkner P D , Iverson G L
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This study was designed to determine whether the factor structure of the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) is consistent (i.e., invariant) in subgroups of youth stratified by their history of prior concussions. A four-factor model of the PCSS has empirical support (i.e., cognitive-sensory, sleep-arousal, vestibular-somatic, and affective symptoms), and the current investigation examined (i) whether this model is invariant across athletes with 0, 1, or ≥2 prior concussions and (ii) group differences across symptom clusters.

Methods

Participants included a large sample of adolescent athletes (54.4% boys; 13–18 years-old, M=15.50±1.27 years) with 0 (n=32,668), 1 (n=4,110), or ≥2 prior concussions (n=1,681) administered the 22-item PCSS at pre-season baseline. Measurement invariance was tested (good fit=CFI≥0.95; significant change-in-fit=∆CFI≥0.01) and effect sizes for group differences in symptom clusters were calculated.

Results

The four-factor model showed configural (CFI=0.968) and weak invariance (∆CFI=0.006), but not strong invariance. Comparisons based on concussion history across symptom clusters indicated very small differences between athletes with 0 and 1 prior concussion(s) (d=0.05-0.15), slightly larger differences between athletes with 1 and ≥2 prior concussion(s) (d=0.12-0.24), and modestly larger differences between athletes with 0 and ≥2 prior concussion(s) (d=0.17-0.35).

Conclusion

These findings support partial invariance of the four-factor PCSS model across athletes with and without a history of concussion. The association with prior concussion was greatest for cognitive-sensory symptoms and smallest for vestibular symptoms. Future research should explore whether alternative factor models are invariant across athletes with different numbers of prior concussions.
Differences in Symptom Clusters at Baseline Testing among Student Athletes with ADHD or Migraines
Authors: Karr J E , Maxwell B A , Zafonte R , Berkner P D , Iverson G L
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This study was designed to determine whether the factor structure of the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) is consistent (i.e., invariant) in subgroups of youth with pre-existing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or migraines. A four-factor model of the PCSS has empirical support (i.e., cognitive-sensory, sleep-arousal, vestibular-somatic, and affective symptoms), and the current investigation examined (i) whether this model is invariant across athletes with and without ADHD or migraines and (ii) group differences across symptom clusters.

Methods

Participants included a large sample of adolescent athletes (N=39,242; 54.4% boys; 13–18 years-old, M=15.50±1.27 years), among which 2,543 reported ADHD and 2,638 reported having migraines. The 22-item PCSS was administered at pre-season baseline. Statistical analyses included invariance testing across ADHD and migraine groups. Good fit was defined as CFI≥0.95. Effect sizes for group differences in symptom clusters were calculated.

Results

Configural invariance was established across participants with and without ADHD (CFI=0.967) and with and without migraines (CFI=0.965); however, weak invariance was not established for either diagnostic group. Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) of group differences varied by symptom cluster: cognitive-sensory (ADHD=0.44; migraine=0.38), sleep-arousal (0.33, 0.37), vestibular-somatic (0.17, 0.45), and affective (0.27, 0.28).

Conclusion

Although the four-factor model has been previously published and replicated among healthy student athletes, this model was only partially invariant for participants with ADHD or migraines. The cognitive-sensory factor showed the largest differences based on ADHD, whereas the vestibular-somatic factor showed the largest differences based on migraine history.
Symptoms and Vestibular Screening in Pediatric Concussion
Authors: Fazio Sumrok V , Kegel N , Blaney N , Colorito A , Viggiano K , Kontos A P
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Purpose: Children under age 11 participate in sports with a risk of concussion. Tools are limited for assessment. Clinicians rely on exam for management and return to play. Researchers have started assessment adaptation: Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5 Child (SCAT-5 Child) (Davis et al., 2017) and Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) (Mucha et al., 2014). The purpose of this study was to compare scores on components of the SCAT-5 Child, Pediatric VOMS, and SCAT-5 Parent.

Methods

Method: Participants included 59 children (M-33/26-F) aged 5-10 (7.50±1.17) within 30 days from concussion. Participants completed the SCAT-5 Child, SCAT-5 parent, and Pediatric VOMS at all visits. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate population characteristics. Paired t-tests were used to compare measures.

Results

Results: 42.6% (n=25) reported symptoms on VOMS at first visit. Only 10.0% reported symptom on VOMS (p=.003) at second visit. VOMS scores were improved across visits (p=.003). Participants reported decreases in symptom severity (p<.001) and number (p<.001) on the SCAT-5 Child across visits. Parents reported decreases in symptom severity (p=.009) and number (p=.005). Both children (p=.001) and parents (p=.001) reported significant increases in BTN% across visits. Participants and parent reported similar scores in number of symptoms, severity, and BTN% on the SCAT-5 at both visits.

Conclusion

Conclusions: Results demonstrate the Pediatric VOMS assessment is useful to evaluate vestibular/ocular impairment. The SCAT-5 Child and Parent do not evaluate these areas. Symptom ratings decrease and are similar between parent and child, indicating this measure remains consistent across reporters. Findings highlight needed expansion of clinical assessments and research in pediatrics.