bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation, Molecular Detection, and Risk Factors of Campylobacter Infection From Companion Dogs
Authors: Gharibi Darioush , Mosallanejad Bahman , Avizeh Reza , Feyzabadi Mahboobeh
Published: July 2021

Background: Campylobacter is an organism that is usually associated with diarrhea in pet animals and humans, as well as other domestic, wild, and laboratory animals. Objective: The aim of the present survey was the isolation, molecular detection, and risk factors of Campylobacter infection from companion dogs referred to the Veterinary Hospital of Ahvaz district, the South-West of Iran. Materials and Methods: Rectal swabs were examined by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods from 122 companion dogs (52 diarrheic and 70 clinically healthy). Several risk factors were reviewed, including age, gender, breed, nutrition status, and lifestyle. Results: The results showed that only five samples (4.1%) were positive for Campylobacter spp. in the culture method. Campylobacter spp. was detected in 18 out of 122 dogs by the PCR, yielding an overall prevalence of 14.8%. The most prevalent species of Campylobacter among the referred dogs were C. coli (38.89%) and C. jejuni (33.33%). A lower prevalence was found for C. upsaliensis (11.11%) and C. lari (5.55%). Concurrent infections were observed in two cases of C. upsaliensis + C. lari (5.55%) and C. coli + C. lari (5.55%). No significant difference was noted between healthy (11.43%) and diarrheic (19.23%) dogs (P>0.05). Eventually, age, gender, breed, nutrition status, and lifestyle had no significant effect on Campylobacter infection (P>0.05). Conclusion: Although the prevalence of Campylobacter was moderate in the dog population of Ahvaz district, these bacteria can constitute a public health hazard because of the frequent presence of Campylobacter species in the feces.
Local Government Stakeholder Perceptions of Legitimacy and Conflict of Interest: The Alcohol Industry and the "Drink Free Days" Campaign in England
Authors: Walls Helen , Hawkins Benjamin , Durrance-Bagale Anna
Published: July 2021

Background: Industry involvement in alcohol policy is highly contentious. The Drink Free Days (DFD) campaign (2018- 2019) run by Public Health England (PHE), an executive agency of government, and Drinkaware, an industry-funded ‘alcohol education charity’ to encourage middle-aged drinkers to abstain from drinking on some days was criticised for perceived industry involvement. We examine the extent to which the DFD campaign was supported by local-authority Directors of Public Health (DPHs) in England – which have a statutory remit for promoting population health within their locality – and their reasons for this. Methods: Our mixed-methods approach included a stakeholder mapping, online survey, and semi-structured interviews. The stakeholder mapping provided the basis for sampling survey and interview respondents. In total, 25 respondents completed the survey, and we conducted 21 interviews with DPHs and their local authority (LA) representatives. We examined survey responses, and coded free-text survey and interview responses to identify key themes. Results: While some respondents supported the DFD campaign, others did not promote it, or actively opposed it, due mainly to concerns about conflicts of interest and the legitimacy of industry involvement in the campaign. These were considered to undermine PHE’s independence and deflect attention from more important, evidence-based policy interventions such as alcohol pricing while conferring vicarious credibility on Drinkaware. We also found low levels of knowledge about alcohol-related harm, the effectiveness of different policies to address these and the policy-influencing strategies used by the alcohol industry. Conclusion: The findings highlight the dangers of industry partnership and potential conflicts of interest for government agencies and the ineffectiveness of the campaigns they run at local and national levels. They demonstrate the need for caution in engaging with industry-associated bodies at all levels of government and are thus of potential relevance to studies of other health-harming industries and policy contexts.
A Framing Analysis of Consultation Submissions on the WHO Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol: Values and Interests
Authors: Rinaldi Chiara , van Schalkwyk May CI , Egan Matt , Petticrew Mark
Published: July 2021

Background: In response to the magnitude of harms caused by alcohol, the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol (GAS) was endorsed in 2010. We analysed submissions to the 2019 WHO consultation on the implementation of the GAS to identify how different stakeholders frame alcohol use and control; and to assess how stakeholders engage with the consultation process, with possibly harmful consequences for public health policy. Methods: All submissions from WHO Member States, international organisations, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), academic institutions and private sector entities were identified and used as data for an inductive framing analysis. This involved close reading and data familiarisation, thematic coding and identifying emergent framings. Through the analysis of texts, framing analysis can give insights into the values and interests of stakeholders. Because framing influences how issues are conceptualised and addressed, framing analysis is a useful tool to study policy-making processes. Results: We identified 161 unique submissions and seven attachments. Emerging frames were grouped according to their function: defining the problem, assigning causation, proposing solutions, or justifying and persuading. Submissions varied in terms of the framing they deployed and how this was presented, eg, how the problem was defined. Proposed policy solutions also varied. Targeted solutions emphasising individual responsibility tended to be supported by industry and some Member States. Calls for universal regulation and global mobilisation often came from NGOs and academia. Stakeholders drew on evidence and specific value systems to support the adoption of certain problem and solution ideas and to oppose competing framing. Conclusion: Alcohol control is a contested policy field in which different stakeholders use framing to set the agenda and influence what policy solutions are considered legitimate. WHO should consider which interests are served by these different framings and how to weigh different stakeholders in the consultation process.
Protective Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Solanum surattense on Brain Tissue Damage and Oxidative Stress in Adult Rats with Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Ataei Mansour , Khaki Arash
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is caused by a protozoan named Toxoplasma gondii. This protozoan is a parasite of cats that can spread among other animals and birds around the world and cause a disease that varies from mild to severe. The disease is seen in the forms of acquired toxoplasmosis and congenital toxoplasmosis. Many studies have shown that there is a relationship between reproductive function and toxoplasmosis. T. gondii has led to decreased reproductive performance of males and females in many experimental animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Solanum surattense on the brain tissue damage and brain oxidative stress induced by T. gondii in adult rats. Methods: For this purpose, 32 adult female rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. In group 1, 8 healthy rats received IP saline for 3 weeks. In group 2, 8 rats with T. gondii received IP saline for 3 weeks. In group 3, 8 rats with T. gondii received the hydroalcoholic extract of S. surattense for 3 weeks. In group 4, 8 healthy rats received the hydroalcoholic extract of S. surattense for 3 weeks. Then, brain tissue resection was performed to evaluate histological damage and levels of antioxidant enzymes. Results: Histological and biochemical studies showed that T. gondii had a deleterious effect on the brain tissue of rats and increased the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The administration of hydroalcoholic extract of S. surattense improved these effects due to its high antioxidant properties. Conclusion: The administration of the appropriate dose of hydroalcoholic extract of S. surattense for three consecutive weeks had a protective effect on brain tissue exposed to T. gondii.
Entry Screening at Airport as a COVID-19 Surveillance Tool: Evaluation of Thiruvananthapuram International Airport in Kerala, India
Authors: Sujatha Chintha , Krishnankutty Sreejith Lalitha , Khader Khalid , Kanmani Anju K. , Rahul Arya , Suresh Meenu M. , Sudha Reshma Rajan , Indu Pillaveettil Sathyadas
Published: July 2021

Introduction: As part of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control strategies, entry screening was established at International airports. An assessment of the screening system will inform decision-making for improving entry screening for infectious diseases. Methods: Assessment of entry screening at Thiruvananthapuram international airport done during pre and post-lockdown phases. Observation, interviews, and secondary data analysis were the methods employed. The number of passengers screened, their symptom profile, the yield of screening, actions taken, staff pattern, perceptions, training, and infection control practices assessed. Chi-square test and t test were used for testing significance. Results: Out of the 46139 passengers screened pre-lockdown, 297 (0.64%) had symptoms, 23 (0.05%) were positive in thermal screening. Six (2%) among them tested positive for COVID-19. Out of the 44263 passengers screened post lockdown, from May to July 2020, 671 (1.5%) were symptomatic, and 12 (0.03%) were positive in thermal screening. COVID-19 was confirmed in 45 (6.7 %) patients identified through the screening. With the surge in cases, the proportion of passengers opting for institutional quarantine increased significantly (P<0.001). None of the staff contracted the disease. Infection control practices followed by them were optimal. Conclusion: Though the yield of thermal and symptom screening is low, entry screening is an opportunity to identify travelers at risk of COVID-19 infection. In addition, it helps in raising awareness to ensure quarantine and guides public health authorities in preventing disease spread to the community.
Psychological Aspects of COVID-19 in Iran: How the Disease May Affect Mental Health of Medical Staff and General Population?
Authors: Saffari Mohsen , Raei Mehdi , Pourhoseingholi Mohamad Amin , Khosh Fetrat Masoum
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The disease related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now been a pandemic throughout the world. Although the epidemiological studies and clinical trials are utilized to find standard measures and medicines to prevent and control COVID-19, addressing the mental health and psychology of the people who may be at risk of the disease may also be effective to find comprehensive methods to better overcome this pandemic. This study aimed at investigating the mental status of both the general population and healthcare personnel during this pandemic in Iran. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, a sample of 296 medical staff and 532 people living in Tehran city of Iran were included in the study. The assessment was performed by Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale short-form (DASS-21). Two groups were matched in terms of some demographical factors such as age, gender, and marital status. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was utilized to perform comparisons between the two groups. Results: Both samples of the general population and medical staff had high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. The mean score of anxiety and depression among medical staff was higher than that of the general population (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of stress level. Conclusion: It seems both the Iranian general population and healthcare personnel are under mental pressure caused by COVID-19, indicating an urgent need for intervention and using preventive measures to control the negative impacts of the diseases on the psychological well-being of these people. Further studies in other regions affected by the disease may provide more evidence in this regard.
The role of herbal medicines in health care quality and the related challenges
Authors: Mirzaeian Razieh , Sadoughi Farahnaz , Tahmasebian Shahram , Mojahedi Morteza
Published: July 2021

In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the use of herbal medicines. Quality control and safety are two critical principles to be considered in the production process of herbal medicines. This review study aimed to investigate the condition of the countries other than Iran in terms of observing the safety principles, quality control, and meeting the standard of herbal drug use. In this systematic review, references were selected using the search terms "health-care quality" and "challenges of herbal medicine usage" from the databases "Web of Science" and "PubMed" published between 2000 and 2019. To select the resources among the selected literature, confirmation was accomplished by two researchers and Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ). The selected papers were classified based on publication year, journal, country, reference standards, regulation, toxicity evaluation, quality control, efficacy, safety, and adverse effects in herbal medicine. From 1532 retrieved papers, 27 papers with an estimated Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 0.81 were confirmed and included in the study. Based on the analysis, the main findings of the papers were thematically classified into seven subcategories as follows: reference standards in herbal medicine, regulation of herbal medicinal products, toxicity evaluation for herbal products, quality control of herbal medicine, efficacy, adverse effects of herbal medicine, and safety. Given the significance of the effects of herbal medicines on health care quality, it is essential to codify guidelines on the proper use of these drugs.
Sulfoquinovosyl oleoyl palmitoyl glycerol (SQDG) and hexane extract of Sargassum plagyophylum prevent depression induced by dexamethasone or stress in mice
Authors: Yegdaneh Afsaneh , Mesripour Azadeh , Keyvani Marjan
Published: July 2021

Introduction: M Glucocorticoids and stress are a leading cause of depression by dysregulation of hypothalamic hypophyseal adrenal axis. Sargassum plagyophylum hexane extract (HxE) has proven antidepressant-like effects in mice. We aimed at evaluating HxE and sulfoquinovosyl oleoyl palmitoyl glycerol (SQDG) isolated compound antidepressant effects following dexamethasone (Dex) or water avoidance stress (WAS) induced depression in mice. Methods: The HxE was prepared and fractionated by different chromatography methods to isolate active compounds. Depression was induced in male mice by Dex single dose or by four days of WAS. After the locomotor test, depression was assessed by measuring the immobility time during the forced swimming test (FST) and sucrose preference test. Results: 6-Deoxy-6-sulpho-α-D-glucopyranosyl-1,2-O-diacyl-glycerol was isolated and elucidated from the seaweed. The manipulations did not cause important changes in animals’ locomotor activity. During FST, immobility time increased dramatically by Dex (193 ± 13 s vs control 109 ± 7 s) or WAS (189 ± 13 s vs sham 86 ± 14 s), that indicated depression. HxE 40 mg/kg reduced the immobility time when it was administered with Dex (110 ± 28 s, P < 0.01 vs Dex alone) or together with WAS (86 ± 11 s, P < 0.001 vs WAS). SQDG 40 mg/kg reduced the immobility time when co-administered with Dex (22 ± 9 s, P < 0.001 vs Dex alone) and when it was administered along with WAS (68 ± 16 s, P < 0.001 vs WAS). The results of the sucrose preference test were in line with FST results as sucrose preference below 65% was considered for anhedonia. Conclusion: SQDG and probably the steroid content in S. plagyophylum HxE prevented depression in mice; thus, they should be considered for further clinical evaluations.
Spectacular Effect of Massive Facial Angiofibromas Removal With a Carbon Dioxide Laser as a Manifestation of a Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Borzęcki Adam , Chyl-Surdacka Katarzyna , Turska Monika
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare, genetic disease which leads to neurological, cardiological, nephrological, ophthalmic, pulmonary and skin disorders. Case Presentation: Here, we describe a case of a 64-year-old man with the presence of giant angiofibromas located on his chin and nasolabial folds which caused inconvenience and unaesthetic appearance. All angiofibromas were removed with the use of a CO2 laser. The patient was extremely satisfied with the obtained result. No side effects were observed after a 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: Despite the fact that giant facial angiofibromas may be troublesome not only for patients but also for medical doctors, adequate CO2 laser usage with local anesthesia and control of massive bleeding is a promising treatment option for patients with TSC.
The relationship of mindfulness and difficulties in emotion regulation with emotional divorce through sexual satisfaction among married university students in Ahvaz, Iran
Authors: Ghazanfari Shabankare Monavar , Heidari Alireza , Makvandi Behnam , Marashian Fatemeh Sadat
Published: July 2021

Background and aims: Mindfulness is an important marital predictor that can prevent emotional divorce and improve marital relationships. This study aimed to analyze causal relationships of mindfulness and difficulties in emotion regulation with emotional divorce through sexual satisfaction among married students. Methods: The current study was a causal-correlational field research. Using convenience sampling method, a total of 211 married students were selected from Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz, Iran in the academic year 2018-2019. The research instrument included the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Emotional Divorce Questionnaire (EDQ), and Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (SSQ). Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation, and path analysis. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24. Results: A direct and negative relationship was observed between mindfulness and emotional divorce (β= -0.170, P=0.016), between difficulties in emotion regulation and sexual satisfaction (β= -0.378, P=0.001), and between sexual satisfaction and emotional divorce (β= -0.441, P=0.001). There was a direct and positive relationship between mindfulness and sexual satisfaction (β= 0.372, P=0.001). There was no direct and significant relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional divorce (β=0.072, P=0.332). The path analysis results indicated that sexual satisfaction had a mediating role in the relationship between mindfulness and emotional divorce (β= -0.149, P=0.001), as well as the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional divorce (β= -0.080, P=0.002). Conclusion: The proposed model had goodness of fit. Sexual satisfaction plays an important role in the relationship between mindfulness, difficulties in emotion regulation, and emotional divorce.
The effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise with moderate and high intensities on serum irisin and PGC-1α protein levels in obese male Wistar rats
Authors: Attarzadeh Hosseini Seyyed Reza , Fathi Mehrdad , Mosaferi Ziaaldini Mohammad , Hejazi Keyvan
Published: July 2021

Background and aims: Irisin myokine whose secretion is induced by exercise is associated with an increase in thermogenesis. However, the effect of aerobic exercise with different intensities on the production and release of irisin in overweight individuals is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training with different intensities on PGC-1α, FNDC5, UCP1, and irisin in obese male Wistar rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 24 adult obese male Wistar rats (weight: 250-300 g; body mass index [BMI] >30 g/cm2) divided into three groups, including aerobic training with 28 m/min (moderate intensity [MI]), aerobic training with 34 m/min (high intensity [HI]), and control. All training groups exercised for eight weeks walking on a treadmill (five 60-min sessions per week). The paired sample t test and one-way ANOVA were used to determine the intra- and inter-group differences. Furthermore, Tukey’s post hoc test was used. Results: The levels of PGC-1α in muscle tissue in aerobic training groups with MI and HI increased (P=0.001 and F=11.81) compared to control group. The levels of irisin (P=0.006 and F=6.10) and UCP1 (P=0.04) were significantly increased in MI group. On the other hand, FNDC5 increased significantly in both MI and HI groups (P=0.001 and F=12.49). While irisin and UCP1 levels increased in HI group compared to the control group, the change was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The levels of irisin, UCP1, and FNDC5 increased more significantly in MI group than in HI group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both types of aerobic training (MI and HI) had a beneficial effect on changes in irisin, UCP1, FNDC5, and PGC-1α levels. Accordingly, moderate exercise possibly changes the phenotype of white to brown adipose tissue leading to an increase in thermogenesis, body weight loss, and sensitivity to insulin.
Photocatalytic removal of naphthalene (C10H8 ) from aqueous environments using sulfur and nitrogen doped titanium dioxide (TiO2 -N-S) coated on glass microbullets in presence of sunlight
Authors: Jafari Abbas , Sadeghi Mehrban , Tirgir Farhang , Barghaei Mehdi
Published: July 2021

Background and aims: Due to their toxicity and carcinogenic effects, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as naphthalene (C10H8 ) are regarded as hazardous compounds for both humans and the environment, and it is essential to remove these contaminants from the environment. The present study aimed to remove naphthalene from a synthetic aqueous environment using sulfur and nitrogen doped titanium dioxide (TiO2 -N-S) nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on glass microbullets under sunlight. Methods: In this experimental study, TiO2 -N-S NPs were synthesized using sol-gel process. The structure of NPs was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and differential reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). In addition, using statistical analyses, the effects of parameters such as the initial concentration of naphthalene, pH, contact time, and the optimal conditions on naphthalene removal were investigated. Results: XRD patterns and SEM images of the samples confirmed the size of synthesized particles in nanometer. The EDX and DRS spectra analysis showed the presence of two elements (sulfur and nitrogen) and the optical photocatalytic activity in the visible region, respectively. The maximum level of naphthalene removal in the presence of sunlight was obtained to be about 93.55% using a concentration of 0.25 g of thiourea immobilized on glass microbullets at pH=5 and contact time of 90 minutes. Conclusion: The rate of naphthalene removal using the immobilized TiO2 -N-S on glass microbullets was 93.55% in optimal conditions. Therefore, this method has an effective potential for naphthalene removal, and can be used to remove naphthalene from industrial wastewater.
COVID-19 Outbreak and its Burden on a New Wave of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Nozari Neda
Published: July 2021

The current outbreak of COVID-19 infection among humans is strongly impacting global physical and mental health. This outbreak can induce or exacerbate some chronic disorders such as functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) due to stress, anxiety, depression, insomnia, denial, anger, and fear. The current focus on the physical aspects of COVID-19 infection may distract public attention from the psychosocial consequences of this outbreak. The mental disorders related to this outbreak may develop and extend FGIDs in the long term. FGIDs have a significant impact on daily activities and quality of life and also cause high economic burdens through direct medical costs and loss of productivity. The purpose of this mini-review was to emphasize the critical state of old and new cases of FGIDs during the COVID-19 outbreak. Published English papers about mental health disorders related to the COVID19 outbreak or before the infectious outbreak, stress, and FGIDs were considered and reviewed. We selected articles which were current and had the most relevance to FGIDs, psycho-somatization, and infectious outbreak.
Evaluation of maternal factors for the development of retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Eftekhari Amir , Manouchehri Vahideh , Mosavi Farideh , Jahanbani Mohammad Ali
Published: July 2021

Background: Since Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness, the identification of contributed risk factors is crucial. In recent years, great attention has been paid to maternal factors. The reason is that maternal factors can directly affect fetus via intrauterine hypoxia. However, the results of this studies are conflicting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal factors on the development of ROP. Methods: In a prospective study, 150 premature infants with the gestational age of less than 32 weeks and birth weight of less than 1500 grams were examined. They divided into two groups based on ophthalmologic examination; those with ROP and those without ROP. Variables of study including maternal age, injection of corticosteroid in the last week of pregnancy, history of maternal diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, hypertension, anemia, thyroid, renal, cardiovascular and rheumatologic diseases were compared between groups. Results: Forty-seven infants (31.33 %) had ROP. The mean age of gestational age was 27.89 weeks in ROP group and 29.06 weeks in non-ROP group. The mean birth weight was 1180.53 grams in ROP group and 1079.44 grams in non-ROP group. There were no statistically important differences regarding to maternal factors between two groups. Conclusion: The above mentioned maternal factors have no effect on the development of ROP.
The effect of graded knee brace at two angles of 60 and 30 degrees on the frequency spectrum of ground reaction forces in individuals with genu valgum during landing
Authors: Jafarnezhadgero AmirAli , Mokhtari Malek Abadi Arefeh , Yadegar Ali , Ghorbanloo Farshad , Valizadeh Orang Aydin
Published: July 2021

Background: Genu valgum is a postural malalignment in the knee joint. This malalignment is accompanied by altered mechanical forces in the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using a graded knee brace in two angles of 60 and 30 degrees on the frequency spectrum of ground reaction forces in individuals with genu valgum during landing. Methods: The present study was semi-experimental. Twenty non-athlete male students with genu valgus (age range: 20-30 years) were volunteered to participate in the study. The landing task was done during three conditions including without a knee brace, with a brace at two 30 and 60 degrees of flexion from a height of equal to 30 cm. Bertec force plate was used to record ground reaction forces. Fourier transform was used to calculate ground reaction force-frequency content during both landing conditions with and without a knee brace. Results: The results of this study showed a significant reduction in the frequency content with a power of 99.5% in the mediolateral direction (P=0.02; high effect size) and vertical direction (P=0.075; high effect effect) during landing with a knee brace at 60 degrees of flexion angle compared with without knee brace condition. Also, the median frequency component in the mediolateral direction (P=0.019; low effect size) and in the anterior-posterior direction (P=0.019; high effect effect) showed a significant decrease during wearing a knee brace compared with without it. Conclusion: Regarding the decreasing of median frequency after using the knee brace, it might be effective in the reduction of injury rate in individuals with genu valgum. However, further study warranted to better establish this issue.
The effect of cold-water immersion after eccentric exercise on oxidative and inflammatory responses in skeletal muscle
Authors: Hemmatzade Bedovli Tohid , Nourshahi Maryam , Fayaz Milani Rana , Parvarde Siavash
Published: July 2021

Background: Oxidative stress and inflammation increase after eccentric exercise. Cold-water immersion after exercise is common among athletes to accelerate recovery. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cold-water immersion after eccentric exercise on the oxidative and inflammatory responses in skeletal muscle. Methods: One hundred male Wistar rats (weight 285.11 ± 41.65) were randomly divided into control, eccentric exercise, eccentric exercise + normal water, and eccentric exercise + cold water groups. Half, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours after eccentric exercise, EDL muscle was removed in sterile conditions. The eccentric exercise involves 90 minutes of interval running on the treadmill at a speed of 16 m/min and a -16-degree slope. Muscle reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured by DCFDA and immunohistochemical staining. Kolmogorov-Smirnov for normality test and repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey’s post-Hoc tests for compare groups were used with a significance level of P≤0.05. Results: After eccentric exercise, ROS and TNF-α levels significantly (P<0.05) increased in the three experimental groups. The peak of ROS increase in the eccentric exercise, eccentric exercise + normal water, and eccentric exercise + cold water groups were recorded significantly (P<0.001) half, 48, and 72 hours after eccentric exercise, respectively. Also, the peak of TNF-α increase was significantly higher in the eccentric exercise and eccentric exercise + normal water groups were at 48 hours and in the eccentric exercise + cold water groups was at 72 hours after eccentric exercise (P<0.001). Conclusion: Immersion in cold water causes an increase and delays the peak of ROS and TNF-α after eccentric exercise, which is probably related to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, after unaccustomed, eccentric, and damaging exercise, immersion in cold water is not recommended.
Regressão beta e gama na determinação da taxa de germinação de sementes de soja / Beta and gamma regression in the determination of germination percentage of soybean seeds
Authors: González Guido Gustavo Humada , Liska Gilberto Rodrigues , Humada Belén Gaete
Published: July 2021

A soja constitui, atualmente, assunto de intensa atividade de pesquisa dirigida para a obtenção de informações que possibilitem aumentos de produtividade. Nesse contexto, a utilização de sementes de alta qualidade constitui-se em uma ferramenta de extrema importância para o agricultor. Com o objetivo de estimar a taxa de germinação de sementes de soja utilizando os modelos de regressão Beta e Gama foi montado um experimento no laboratorio de sementes de la Facultade de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA -UNA). As sementes de soja da variedade Coodetec 242 RR foram classificadas por tamanho em três lotes, correspondendo aos tratamentos avaliados: T1 = sementes grandes, T2 = sementes médias e T3 = sementes pequenas. As variáveis analisadas no laboratorio foram: porcentagem de germinação, comprimento de plântula (cm), comprimento da raiz (cm), diâmetro da semente (cm) e peso de mil sementes (g). Os testes foram realizados e interpretados de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos na regra internacional de análise de sementes. Para analisar a porcentagem de germinação, foram utilizados os modelos lineares generalizados. Os resultados mostram que o modelo de regressão beta pode ser utilizado para descrever o comportamento da taxa de germinação em testes de qualidade de sementes de soja variedade coodetec 242, uma vez que o ajuste do modelo foi satisfatório. A porcentagem de germinação de sementes de soja é influenciada pelo vigor e longitude de raiz. Sementes com longitude de raiz inferior a 11 cm não podem ser considerados sementes de alta qualidade
Alteração comportamental de animais antes de terremotos e tsunamis / Behavioral change of animals before earthquakes and tsunamis
Authors: Nakagomi Caroline Shigema , Kleftakis Dafne Elias , Paes Luíza Morrone de Oliveira , Santos Marina Carvalho , Santos Pamella de Sousa , Blume Guilherme Reis
Published: July 2021

Estudos relacionados a alterações comportamentais de diversas espécies perante a terremotos e tsunamis vêm sendo documentados. É certo que os animais detectam sinais que seres humanos não percebem, assim, apresentam reações adversas anteriores a esses desastres. Este artigo coletou dados de estudos já publicados para analisar e comparar tais comportamentos anormais das diferentes espécies registradas. As principais Ordens relatadas foram: Primates, Anura, Rodentia, Perissodactyla, Cetartiodactyla, Carnivora, Galliformes, Cingulata e Proboscida. Mais pesquisas precisam ser realizadas para elucidar o efeito dos sinais elétricos emitidos pelos abalos sísmicos na fisiologia dos animais.
Preliminary Investigation of Inorganic and Organic Contaminants in Soils within Wukari Metropolis, Taraba State, Nigeria
Authors: G.G Yebpella , B.N Hikon , A.M Magomya , M Paninga
Published: July 2021

This study aimed at the preliminary investigation of inorganic and organic contaminants in soils within Wukari metropolis and to assess the contamination status and metal bioavailability. Digested soil samples for total metals and fractionation were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations in triplicates using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer while 5 Varian Bond Elu SI SPE cartridges was used for solid phase extraction and the soil sample extracts were analyzed by GC-MS. The percentage bioavailability of metals ranged from Fe: 13.81 – 98.85 %, Ni: 65.01 - 80.93 %, Cr: 34.82 – 77.19 %, Pb: 66.93 - 86.59 % and Co: 70.35 - 99.14 % respectively. The bioavailability of Fe, Ni, Pb and Co station ST3 which is an agricultural area were above 50.00%. This indicates that food crops grown in the area may be contaminated by the metals. Irrespective of sampling points, the distribution of metals in the soil samples generally followed the order Fe: residual > carbonate > exchangeable > oxidizable; Ni: exchangeable > carbonate > oxidizable > residual; Pb: exchangeable > residual > carbonate > oxidizable; Co: exchangeable > carbonate > oxidizable > residual. Organic contaminants such as Halo alkanes; bromodichloromethane (molecular weight 162.0 g/mol) and chloroform (molecular weight 118.0 g/mol) were detected in ST1 while, 1, 1, 2 trichloroethane (molecular weight 132.0 g/mol). Another contaminant phenol d5 was recorded in sample ST2, ST3 and ST4 respectively. BTEX compounds were also contaminants present in ST5 (Fuel station near some automobile workshops).
Achievement in Training: Recorded Video Compared to Face-to-Face Environments
Authors: Quigley Kate
Published: July 2021

During the 2020-2021 years, it has been necessary for organizations to rethink how they conduct their daily operations in light of COVID-19 restrictions. One of the many activities within organizations is to provide new and recurrent training to their employees. In a similar vein, universities also had to make adaptations to instructional methods. This change provided an opportunity to compare student achievement in two different instructional modalities; one with lectures delivered in a full face-to-face format, and the other with recorded video lectures delivered in online platform. Both formats were conducted in morning and afternoon sessions. Three sets of test results were measured to compare the outcomes between two years. This study had mixed results, two of the three test results sets between the years showed no significant difference between face-to-face and recorded video lectures, while one of the three test results provided evidence that the results were different between instructional methods. The results of this study could provide applicable information to organizations and help to provide a roadmap for providing training in different formats. It is noteworthy that providing instruction in recorded video formats could be less expensive to organizations and also provide more flexibility for employees to fit recurrent t into their daily schedules.
Dynamic Strategic and Organizational Capabilities
Authors: Torrez Julian Miranda
Published: July 2021

In the reviewed literature, dispersion was identified in the concepts used in the definition of dynamic capacities (CD), incomplete theories were also observed on which the proposed concepts were based, which has hindered the development of theoretical knowledge and the conduct of research empirical. The effort of the authors to solve this problem has been partial since it was analyzed from the perspective of strategy theory, the theory of organizations and administration (TOA) was not considered, this situation affected the clarity and precision of the CD.
The objective was raised, to build the concept of dynamic strategic and organizational capacities (CDEO) based on the theories of strategy (TE), organizations (TO) and administration (TA), in order to modernize the traditional concept dynamic capabilities (CD) and provide a solution to the concept dispersion problem.
Originality. Integration of theories around the CDEO construct, which will allow the theoretical and empirical development.
Two Mathematical Approaches to Inferring the Internal Structure of Proteins from their Shape
Authors: Morikawa Naoto
Published: July 2021

sing a simple mathematical model, we propose two approaches to externally infer how the amino-acid sequence is folded in a protein. One is the previously proposed differential geometric approach. The other is a new category theoretical approach proposed in this paper. As an example, we consider detecting the presence of internal singularities from the outside. Knowledge of Category theory is not required. Proteins are represented as a loop of triangles. In both approaches, the outer contour of the loop is examined to detect the presence of singular triangles (such as isolated triangles) inside. By considering the interaction between loops, the new approach allows us to detect more singular triangles than the previous approach. We hope that this research will provide a new perspective on protein structure analysis and promote further collaboration between mathematics and biology.
6G на старте
Authors: Devyatkin E.E. , Bochechka G.S. , Tikhvinskiy V.O. , Borodin A.S.
Published: July 2021

The prospects of creating new technologies for 6G mobile communications are considered. The national research projects and the activities of international communications organizations to develop the vision and development trends of technologies and services for 6G mobile networks are analyzed. A comparative analysis of achievements of the worlds largest mobile communication equipment vendors to create and patent solutions according to Standard Essential Patents of mobile technologies is carried out. Conclusions are drawn about the start of the 6G technologies race and the importance of creating intellectual property and mobile technology competency centers in Russia.

Рассмотрены перспективы создания новых технологий мобильной связи поколения 6G. Проанализированы национальные исследовательские проекты, а также деятельность международных организаций связи по разработке облика и тенденций развития технологий и услуг сетей мобильной связи 6G. Выполнен сравнительный анализ деятельности крупнейших мировых поставщиков оборудования по созданию и патентованию решений по основным стандартам технологий мобильной связи. На основании выявленных тенденций сделаны выводы о начале гонки по разработке технологий 6G и важности создания в России интеллектуальной собственности и центров компетенции в области новых технологий мобильной связи.
Анализ беспроводной сети интернета вещей высокой плотности
Authors: Tonkikh E.V. , Paramonov A.I. , Koucheryavy A.E.
Published: July 2021

This article presents the results of IoT network modeling as an ad hoc network. The main attention is paid to the features of the functioning of such a network in highdensity conditions (up to 1 device per square meter). The paper presents the results of evaluations of the basic operating conditions, namely, the level of interference from neighboring network nodes and the signal-noise ratio (SNR). The developed models make it possible to express the dependence of the noise level and SNR on the network density, produced traffic, and transmitter power.

Представлены результаты моделирования сети интернета вещей как ad hoc сети. Основное внимание уделяется особенностям функционирования такой сети в условиях высокой плотности (до 1 устройства на 1 м2). Приводятся результаты оценок главных условий функционирования: помех от соседних узлов сети и отношений сигнал/шум (SNR). Показано, что подобная сеть может сохранять связность, но только при построении относительно длинных маршрутов. Установлено, что разработанные модели позволяют определить зависимость уровня помех и SNR от плотности сети, производимого трафика и мощности передатчиков.
Эффективность активного мониторинга событий сетевой безопасности
Authors: Erokhin S.D. , Petukhov A.N. , Pilyugin P.L.
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the assessment of the level of errors of active monitoring of information security and the task of multi-criteria optimization of the security events used to indicate the incident. The connection of the error level indicators and statistical characteristics of security events is shown. The possibility of using statistical characteristics to optimize the composition of events according to the criteria of the error level of the incident indication is investigated.

Рассмотрены вопросы оценки уровня ошибок активного мониторинга информационной безопасности и задача многокритериальной оптимизации состава событий безопасности, используемых для индикации инцидента. Показана связь показателей уровня ошибок со статистическими характеристиками событий безопасности. Исследована возможность использования статистических характеристик для оптимизации состава событий по критериям уровня ошибок индикации инцидента.
Зигзагообразная антенна повышенной эффективности
Authors: Somov A.M. , Kozhukhov A.B.
Published: July 2021

A new zigzag wire antenna of increased efficiency of the decimeter and centimeter wavelength ranges is presented. Directional characteristics in the orthogonal planes and directivity factors in these ranges are obtained. The results of measurements of directional patterns and the degree of harmonization of the active model of an antenna with the coaxial high-frequency path, as well as the appearance of antennas of 2.5 and 5.0 GHz bands are presented.

Представлена новая зигзагообразная проволочная антенна повышенной эффективности дециметрового и сантиметрового диапазонов волн. Получены характеристики направленности в ортогональных плоскостях, коэффициенты направленного действия в диапазоне. Приведены результаты измерений диаграмм направленности и степень согласованиядействующей модели антенны с коаксиальным высокочастотным трактом, а также внешний вид действующих моделей диапазонов 2,5 и 5,0 ГГц.
Online-based Rubric for Peer Assessment: Effectiveness and Implications
Authors: Lee Kok Yueh , Hassell David , Salleh Shana Mat , Munohsamy Thulasimani
Published: July 2021

This study investigates using technology to promote authentic and meaningful learning in applying a peer assessment rubric for a public speaking assessment in a higher education institution in Brunei Darussalam. Three hundred six undergraduates from Universiti Teknologi Brunei's Schools of Business, Computing, and the Engineering Faculty conducted the assessments in real-time using online-based rubrics accessible via their smartphones or laptops. Comparisons were made between the lecturers' marks and students for each rubric criterion, and a set of questionnaires was distributed to investigate students' perceptions toward the peer assessment after the assessment. The results indicated a variable discrepancy between assessments by the lecturers and students for the rubric criteria. While in some disciplines, peer marking was found to overmark compared to the lecturer by more than 15%, in other cases, the marks were similar. Comparison between peer and lecturer assessment indicated that the level of agreement was sensitive to the lecturer, but less so between student cohort when assessed by the same lecturer. When differences were observed, there was no apparent discrepancy in an agreement between aspects of the rubric which evaluated content or delivery. Studentsâ€™ feedback revealed a positive response towards peer assessment but highlighted issues surrounding the technological aspects of the implementation process.
MANFAAT PEMBERIAN MANUAL TERAPI DAN CODMAN PENDULAR EXERCISE TERHADAP AKTIVITAS FUNGSIONAL PASIEN FROZEN SHOULDER
Authors: Jehaman Isidorus , Berampu Sabirin , Tantangan Redi , Siahaan Timbul , Sinuhaji Simson
Published: July 2021

Background: Frozen shoulder is a joint disorder that causes limited motion of the shoulder joint in all directions of movement, causing both physical and functional problems. This activity aims to see the benefits of manual therapy and pendular codman exercises in increasing the activity of frozen patients at Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital in 2019. Manual therapy methods and codman pendular exercises were given to 24 patients at the Physiotherapy Clinic of Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital. The measuring instrument used to measure the functional activity ability of the shoulder is the index of shoulder pain and disability with the 0% -60% category being improving and 61% -100% being worse. Based on the results obtained during manual therapy and codman pendular exercise, it shows that the ability of the patient's shoulder functional activity has increased. where manual therapy and pendular codman exercise from 16 samples, the ability of shoulder functional activity with a SPADI value of 100% decreased and after manual therapy and pendular codman exercises for 3 times decreased to 12.5% ​​decreased and 87.5% improved. Based on these data it can be neglected that there is an effect of offering manual therapy exercises and pendular codman in increasing the patient's shoulder functional activity by 87.5%
SEMINAR TENTANG EFEKTIVITAS KERASIONALAN PEMBERIAN ANTIDIABETIK PENGOBATAN ORAL PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS PADA USIA 30-50 TAHUN TIPE 2 DI RAWAT INAP PENYAKIT DALAM RSUD DELI SERDANG LUBUK PAKAM TAHUN 2020
Authors: Sebayang Loraetta Brety , Marbun Romauli Anna Teresia , Kartika Dewi
Published: July 2021

Diabetes Mellitus suatu keadaan kronik akibat gangguan pada insulin. Hormon insulin diproduksi di pankreas yang berperan pada metabolisme karbohidrat. Gangguan yang terjadi pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus mengakibatkan komplikasi dengan penyakit lainnya, sehingga proses pengobatan harus dilakukan secara rasional untuk menghindari derajat keparahan penyakit. 

Kerasionalan penggunaan obat untuk penyakit ini dimulai dari diagnosis penyakit, tindakan terapi, pengobatan dan evaluasi pengobatan. Evaluasi teradap pengobatan menjadi jaminan mutu apakah pengobatan yang dilakukan sudah rasional. Pengabdian Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas kerasionalan pemberian antidiabetik pengobatan oral pasien Diabetes Mellitus Pada Usia 30-50 Tahun Tipe 2. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Rawat Inap Penyakit Dalam Rsud Deli Serdang Lubuk Pakam pada bulan April – bulan Juli 2020. Hasil dari kegiatan ini menunjukan bahwa dari 72 responden yang pemberian antidiabetic oral tepat indikasi yakni ada 47 orang (65,3%),Tepat Obat ada 72 orang (100,0%), Tepat Pasien ada 72 orang (100,0%) dan tepat Dosis ada 46 orang (63,9%).