bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance and Emission Analysis of a CI Engine Using Various Blends of Diesel and Prosopis Juliflora Seed Oil-Derived Biodiesel
Authors: Duraisamy Boopathi , Stanley Martin Jerome , Thiyagarajan Prakash , Rajendran Silambarasan , Marutholi Mubarak , John Godwin
Published: February 2025

The rising demand for fossil fuels and the exploration of renewable energy sources from plants have gained significant attention due to their role in reducing emissions and enhancing energy security. Prosopis juliflora, abundantly available in India, offers a viable source for biodiesel production. This study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a 5.2 kW, 1500 rpm, four-stroke single-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine using blends of diesel, vegetable oil, and biodiesel derived from Prosopis juliflora seeds. The engine was tested with pure diesel, vegetable oil (PJO), biodiesel (B100), and biodiesel-diesel blends at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% by volume, designated as B20, B40, B60, and B80, respectively. Key performance metrics, including brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), were measured, along with emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), smoke, hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NO). Results indicated that BTE for B20 was comparable to diesel, with values of 30.52% and 30.68%, respectively, at 5.2 kW. The BSEC for B20 was recorded at 11.79 MJ/kWh compared to 11.74 MJ/kWh for diesel. Emission analysis revealed that HC and smoke emissions were lower for all biodiesel blends compared to diesel. At 5.2 kW, HC emissions were 74 ppm for B20 versus 75 ppm for diesel, and smoke emissions were 67.7% for B20 compared to 69.1% for diesel. However, NO and CO emissions were slightly higher for biodiesel blends. This study suggests that Prosopis juliflora-derived biodiesel can effectively reduce HC and smoke emissions while maintaining performance, highlighting B20 as a promising alternative to conventional diesel fuel.
Cutting-Edge Coating Materials for Dual Fuel Diesel Engines Using Acetylene Aspiration
Authors: Sagaya Raj Gnana , Natarajan Manikandan , Pasupuleti Thejasree
Published: February 2025

A diesel engine with a Yttria Stabilised Zirconium (YSZ) thermal barrier layer (TBL) on the piston crown was used in an experiment. The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the influence of the thermal barrier layer on the efficiency and pollution levels of a diesel engine. The selection of YSZ as the coating material was based on its desirable physical properties including a high coefficient of expansion when exposed to heat, low degree of thermal conductivity, and a high Poisson's number. These characteristics make it a suitable material for use in coatings applied to engine components. In addition to their current research, the scientists are also focusing on identifying sustainable substitutes for conventional petroleum fuels. This is because of the growing concern over environmental impacts and the limited availability of fossil fuel resources. The researchers are seeking new options that are both environmentally friendly and capable of meeting the world's energy demands. By exploring alternative energy sources, the team aims to develop more sustainable and efficient solutions for the future. Studies report that an acetylene gas derived from the process of hydrolysis of calcium carbide which in turn being produced from lime stone and coke has similar property to that of hydrogen. As hydrogen implementation in use of internal combustion engine fuel seems to be a mirage. Acetylene could compete the hydrogen in all aspects, in usage of automotive fuel. In the present work, acetylene properties were analysed for being used as a fuel in automotive engine with all safety aspects. A test experiment has been conducted on a modified single cylinder, zirconium coated piston of diesel engine run on two different fuel. The primary energy source was diesel while acetylene gas was introduced as a secondary energy source at varying fixed flow rates. Due to acetylene aspiration, it is revealed from this test analysis that it increases thermal efficiency by 2 – 4 % for diesel fuel and increases NOx emissions by 3.51 – 4.23% as compared to acetylene induction. As compared to baseline diesel operation, the smoke intensity is dropped by 2.8% at 0.25 kg/hr, 8.8% at 0.35 kg/hr, and 18% at 0.45 kg/hr of gas flow rate at maximum load.
Optimization and Regression Modeling of Fused Deposition Modeling for TPU Material Used in Automotive Instrument Panels
Authors: Pasupuleti Thejasree , Natarajan Manikandan , Sagaya Raj Gnana , Silambarasan R , Kiruthika Jothi
Published: February 2025

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a widely recognized additive manufacturing method that is highly regarded for its ability to create complex structures using thermoplastic materials. Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) is a highly versatile material known for its flexibility and durability. TPU has several applications, including automobile instrument panels, caster wheels, power tools, sports goods, medical equipment, drive belts, footwear, inflatable rafts, fire hoses, buffer weight tips, and a wide range of extruded film, sheet, and profile applications.. The primary objective of this study is to enhance the FDM parameters for TPU material and construct regression models that can accurately forecast printing performance. The study involved conducting experimental trials to examine the impact of key FDM parameters, such as layer thickness, infill density, printing speed, and nozzle temperature, on critical responses, including dimensional accuracy, surface quality, and mechanical properties. The utilization of design of experiments (DOE) methodology enabled a methodical exploration of parameters. Statistical techniques were employed to develop regression models that establish relationships between process parameters and performance indicators. These models offer a prognostic instrument for optimizing FDM parameters and attaining desired printing results. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the regression models in accurately forecasting the printing performance for TPU material. The models provide valuable insights into the optimal parameter configurations for maximizing printing efficiency, quality, and mechanical robustness. This study enhances the comprehension of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) for Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) material and provides useful techniques for optimizing the manufacturing process. Manufacturers can improve printing productivity and quality by utilizing regression models, thereby promoting the wider use of FDM technology in industries that need flexible and durable components.
Optimization and Regression Modeling of Additive Manufacturing (Fused Deposition Modeling) of PETG Material for Automobile Applications
Authors: Natarajan Manikandan , Pasupuleti Thejasree , Shanmugam Loganayagan , Katta Lakshmi Narasimhamu , Silambarasan R , Kiruthika Jothi
Published: February 2025

In recent years, Additive Manufacturing (AM), more especially Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), has emerged as a very promising technique for the production of complicated forms while using a variety of materials. Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol, sometimes known as PETG, is a thermoplastic material that is widely used and is renowned for its remarkable strength, resilience to chemicals, and ease of processing. Through the use of Taguchi Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), the purpose of this investigation is to improve the process parameters of the FDM technology for PETG material. In order to investigate the influence that several FDM process parameters, such as layer thickness, infill density, printing speed, and nozzle temperature, have on significant outcome variables, such as dimensional accuracy, surface quality, and mechanical qualities, an empirical research was conducted. For the purpose of constructing the regression prediction model, the obtained dataset is used to make predictions about printing characteristics by means of the study of input process components. Statistical methods are used by the regression model in order to investigate the dynamics of the connection between the process variables. It is shown that the model is capable of properly predicting printing characteristics, which enables the identification of optimum process parameter settings for the purpose of improving FDM performance when PETG material is used. In additive manufacturing operations that make use of PETG material, this model serves as an essential tool for businesses to help them improve the efficiency of their operations and the quality of the items they produce. This research contributes to a better knowledge of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) processes and provides ideas that may be used to enhance Additive Manufacturing (AM) procedures in a variety of industries.
Taguchi Based Grey Approach for Optimizing the Advanced Machining of Nickel Alloys in Manufacturing of Automotive Parts
Authors: Natarajan Manikandan , Pasupuleti Thejasree , Sagaya Raj Gnana , Silambarasan R , Somsole Lakshmi Narayana
Published: February 2025

The aspiration of this exploration is to evolve an optimization technique for the Electrochemical Drilling process on Haste alloy material, considering various performance factors. The Taguchi approach, along with Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), forms the basis for optimization. Haste alloy has a wider range of uses in industries such as aerospace, nuclear, and marine, especially in harsh environments. The experimental trials conducted in accordance with Taguchi's approach have utilized three machining variables: feed rate, electrolyte flow rate, and electrolyte concentration. When doing this examination, we analyze not only the rate at which material is removed and the roughness of the surface, but also other characteristics that indicate performance, such as overcut, shape, and orientation tolerance. The analytical findings indicate that the feed rate is the primary factor that directly impacts the required performance standards. Regression models are constructed to make predictions, and performance measures are established to assess their effectiveness. The test results unequivocally showed that the new procedure is markedly superior to the prior one.
Vibration-Based Cutting Tool Condition Monitoring in Face Milling Process Using Wavelet Features and Machine Learning Algorithms – A Comparative Study
Authors: D Pradeep Kumar , Syed Shaul , V Muralidharan , S Ravikumar
Published: February 2025

In automotive applications, most of the engineering components come across the material removal process in manufacturing. Face milling is one of the prominent material removal processes wherein a multi-point cutter is used to machine the flat workpiece to bring it to its required dimension. In the material removal process, the cost of the cutting tool occupies the major part of the total manufacturing cost of a product. Also, the continuous usage of the cutting tool results in tool wear. The usage of the cutting tool after the threshold value of the tool wear deteriorates the surface finish of the workpiece which leads to product rejection. Hence, optimal tool usage is inevitable. The continuous monitoring of the cutting tool condition will ensure optimal tool usage. In the present work, four real-time tool conditions are considered, namely, fresh tool (G), tool flank wear (FW), tool flaking on rake surface (FL) and tool with broken tip (B). Vibration signals are acquired while milling mild steel workpiece with cutting tools of considered conditions. From the vibration signal, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) features are extracted and the top-ranked wavelet member in terms of classification accuracy of the tool condition is selected using the Decision Tree (DT) algorithm. The Mean Squared Energy (MSE) of the detailed coefficients of the selected wavelet member is computed and that forms the features set. Then the classifying ability of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Naïve Bayes (NB) are analysed using the feature set. The results show that the NB outperformed the SVM with the MSE of selected wavelet members derived from DWT.
Optimization of Fused Deposition Modeling Using Taguchi-Based Grey Relational Analysis for TPU Used in Auto Parts
Authors: Pasupuleti Thejasree , Natarajan Manikandan , Ramesh Naik Mude , Silambarasan R , D Palanisamy
Published: February 2025

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a highly adaptable additive manufacturing method that is extensively employed for creating intricate structures using a range of materials. Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) is a highly versatile material known for its flexibility and durability, making it well-suited for use in industries such as footwear, automotive, and consumer goods. Hoses, gaskets, seals, external trim, and interior components are just a few of the many uses for thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) in the automobile industry. The objective of this study is to enhance the performance of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) by optimizing the parameters specifically for Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) material. This will be achieved by employing a Taguchi-based Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) method. The researchers conducted experimental trials to examine the impact of key FDM parameters, such as layer thickness, infill density, printing speed, and nozzle temperature, on critical responses like dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and mechanical properties. The Taguchi method enabled the systematic exploration of parameters through the design of experiments (DOE). The experimental data was analyzed using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) to determine the optimal parameter settings. The GRA methodology offers a comprehensive approach to assess and prioritize various performance criteria, taking into account the inherent uncertainties in the manufacturing process. The results demonstrated the efficacy of the Taguchi-based GRA method in pinpointing the optimal parameter combinations for improving the printing quality and efficiency of TPU components. This study enhances the comprehension of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) for Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) material and provides a useful framework for optimizing the manufacturing process. Manufacturers can enhance printing productivity, quality, and reliability by utilizing Taguchi-based GRA. This, in turn, promotes the wider use of FDM technology in various industrial applications that demand flexible and long-lasting components.
Material Augmentation for Coaxial Propellers of Titan’s Unmanned Airship: Implementation of Advanced Composites for the Propulsive System under Unconventional Loading Conditions with Incorporation of Structural Integrity Examinations
Authors: Baskar Sundhar , Vinayagam Gopinath , Pisharam Akhila Ajith , Gnanasekaran Raj Kumar , Raji Arul Prakash , Stanislaus Arputharaj Beena , L Natrayan , Ganesan Balaji , Raja Vijayanandh
Published: February 2025

Exploration vehicles on Titan are to be developed with considerations on the atmosphere present, especially the abundance of Nitrogen. This study focuses on identification of optimum materials for the propellers supporting an airship specifically created for Titan exploration. The base airship is designed to accommodate the coaxial propeller. The base of this airship is to be developed with four weather stations for collection of data samples. The stations are installed on inflatable platforms and have storage devices for recording and transmitting data collected by the aerobot. The airship will operate in Titan's atmosphere and atmospheric conditions, focusing on its design and computational analysis of structural effects and fluid dynamics. The Titan aerobot is built with a co-axial 4-blade propeller, horizontal and vertical fins, and a reaction wheel for yaw maneuvers. The co-axial propulsive system is capable of overcoming drag during steady level flight in the Titan atmosphere. Structural parameter research is conducted during the material selection process for the propeller, examining materials from common materials to isotropic and orthotropic composites, metal alloys, and various composites. Two-way coupling fluid structural interaction is the foundation of computational structural analysis, transferring loads from transient flow analysis to the structure. The best performing materials for each scenario are determined based on the combined results for gust loads. By importing the aerodynamic load created from the gust effects, the structural integrity incorporated with material data is determined on the basis of Equivalent stress, strain, strain energy and deformation. From the analysis conducted, it is inferred that the material GY-70 fiber-based composite, belonging to Carbon fiber category, is seen to be providing the most favorable results with comparatively less deformation, hence providing optimum materials for the unconventional conditions provided.
Optimization of Vibrational Characteristics Using Taguchi Method for CNT Reinforced Composite Plates
Authors: B Srivatsan , Balakrishna Sriganth Pranav , Bhaskara Rao Lokavarapu , Biswas Sayan
Published: February 2025

The integration of carbon nanotubes (CNT) into composite materials has revolutionized various high-performance industries, including aerospace, marine, and defense, for their exceptional thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. The critical nature of these applications demands precise control over the manufacturing process to ensure the optimal performance of the CNT-reinforced composites. This study employs the Taguchi approach to systematically investigate and determine the optimal proportion of CNT volume fraction, fiber volume fraction, and stacking sequence in composite materials to achieve the optimal fundamental frequency. The Taguchi method, known for its efficiency in optimizing design parameters with a minimal number of experiments, enables the identification of the most influential factors and their optimal levels for enhancing material properties. Our findings demonstrate that the proper arrangement and proportioning of these components significantly improve the composite's strength, durability, and overall performance. The optimized parameters derived from this study provide a robust framework for manufacturing superior CNT-reinforced composites, advancing their application in critical sectors where performance and reliability are paramount. To ascertain the material properties of the required combination of glass fiber and CNT, Ansys Material Designer was used. A unidirectional fiber in a hexagonal lattice was considered for the material, where the matrix consisted of CNT reinforcement and epoxy resin. To conduct the vibrational analysis of the study, Ansys software was used to model the rectangular composite plate and find the frequencies of the first 6 modes of each variation of factors. The rectangular plate was modeled in Ansys ACP and the frequency analysis was conducted on Ansys Modal. The plate was subjected to clamped boundary conditions and different volume fractions of glass fiber, CNT reinforcement and stacking sequence for the analysis. The results of this study show that out of the three factors considered, the fiber volume fraction is the most influential and the stacking sequence is the next most influential. This gives us an idea on the considerations needed while manufacturing composite plates and most importantly, the applications which they can and cannot be used for due to their fundamental frequency.
Cloud-Based Monitoring of Lithium-Ion Battery Management Systems for Health Estimation in Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Zeeshan Mohammad , Akre Vineet
Published: February 2025

The increasing reliance on lithium-ion batteries in manufacturing necessitates advanced monitoring techniques to ensure their longevity and reliability. Cloud technology offers a solution by enabling real-time data collection, analysis, and accessibility, facilitating thorough monitoring and predictive maintenance. Digital twin technology, creating a virtual replica of the physical battery system, provides a platform for simulating real-world conditions and predicting potential issues before they arise. By integrating sensor data and historical usage patterns, the digital twin model can accurately predict battery degradation, aiding in timely maintenance strategies. This proactive approach enhances battery operational efficiency and extends lifespan, leading to cost savings and improved safety. The paper explores using cloud-based monitoring systems to enhance the health estimation and management of lithium-ion batteries. A comprehensive feasibility study on adopting battery digital twin technology for electric two-wheeler and three-wheeler manufacturers examines creating a digital twin model for batteries and validating corresponding tests. Furthermore, the research discusses the technical challenges and solutions associated with implementing digital twin technology in manufacturing. Key metrics such as state of charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH) are analyzed to showcase the effectiveness of the digital twin model in real-world applications.
Powering Precision: Ensemble Learning for Superior Battery Health Estimation
Authors: Joshi Umita , Mandhana Abhishek
Published: February 2025

Due to energy competition and scarcity of natural gas resources in recent years, fossil fuels have been significantly replaced by renewable energy sources. Because of this, battery electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are getting adopted instead of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. The main component of electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles is the battery management system (BMS), which is necessary to ensure that the battery pack operates efficiently, reliably, and effectively. The battery should not degrade its performance by charging and discharging too much, which can lead to serious failures if the battery is left to its end of life. This paper aims to present a novel Machine learning-based battery health estimation algorithm by mitigating risks associated with real-time battery data. This study used proprietary data collected from nickel-cobalt-aluminum (NCA) chemistry battery cells in electric vehicles. Machine learning models are trained to estimate the battery pack's state of health (SoH) using ensemble learning algorithms. With this method, we can achieve maximum error margin of 7.8% for real time battery data, indicating high accuracy.
Assessment of phenotypic diversity of Ñuña, a local common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from the northern Andes in Peru
Authors: Santa Cruz Padilla Angel Esteban , Vásquez-Orrillo Jorge Luis , Bardales-Lozano Ricardo Manuel , Murga-Orrillo Hipolito
Published: February 2025

Ñuña is a local type of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivated in the Andean region of Peru. It stands out for its ability to expand and burst when roasted; however, its phenotypic diversity has not yet been fully explored. This study determined the phenotypic variability of Ñuña conserved in the Germplasm Bank of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation of Peru. The analysis considered qualitative and quantitative traits, using multivariate statistics and comparison of means. Results revealed high phenotypic variability in both qualitative and quantitative traits. In qualitative traits, Multiple Correspondence Analysis found that the dark and light colours of the seed heads contributed most significantly to the variability of the accessions. Phylogenetic hierarchical analysis formed four clusters, representing 37% (I), 4% (II), 7% (III), and 52% (IV) of the accessions, respectively. For quantitative traits, Principal Component Analysis showed no discrimination between regions of origin but indicated a highly positive correlation between leaf length and width, and between pod length and width, as well as seed length, width, thickness and weight. Hierarchical analysis of quantitative characters also formed four clusters, representing 22% (A), 16% (B), 30% (C), and 31% (D) of the accessions, respectively. These clusters, analyzed for means comparison, showed significant differences (p < 0.05) with higher values in cluster B for pod length and width, and seed length, width, thickness and weight. Understanding the variability of the qualitative and quantitative traits of Ñuña is crucial for future genetic improvement studies aimed at achieving cultivars with desirable characteristics.
INVERSIONES EN TELECOMUNICACIONES Y SU IMPACTO EN EL PBI DEL PERÚ, PERÍODO 2000 - 2021
Authors: Montoya Francia César Alfonso , Vinces Mena Heylin Angie
Published: February 2025

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar, qué tan significativo ha sido el impacto de las inversiones en telecomunicaciones (banda ancha y telefonía móvil) sobre el crecimiento económico del Perú, durante los años 2000 – 2021, para ello se utilizó un modelo con diseño no experimental – correlacional, con un enfoque cuantitativo, tomando como muestra data de 21 años de la evolución del PBI y de las inversiones en telecomunicaciones (banda ancha y telefonía móvil). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que el nivel de correlación entre las variables es altamente significativa y positiva.
Improving attitude and self confidence of pharmacy students through the purposive non-technical skills training
Authors: Phetmanee Thidarat , Sangkapat Sirima , Duangrithi Duangjai
Published: February 2025

Objective: To determine the influence of purposive non-technical skill training on pharmacy students’ attitudes and self-confidence regarding their performances.
Methods: The research was conducted with fourth-year PharmD students eligible for compulsory pharmacy professional practice. The non-technical skill training comprised of a three-hour session led by two psychologists and included two segments: learning from seniors’ experiences and instructor-led training. An anonymous online pre and post-test questionnaire was administered both before and after the training.
Results: A significant increase in self-confidence in most non-technical skills was observed following the purposive training. The training significantly increased the mean confidence ratings of most non-technical skills among students in the pharmaceutical science programme, while it also raised the mean confidence ratings of non-technical skills related to patient care among students in the pharmaceutical care programme. Additionally, the training significantly enhanced the mean confidence ratings of all non-technical skills, particularly teamwork, among students who did not adhere to the study plan. Conversely, there was an increase in the mean confidence ratings of non-technical skills related to interpersonal skills among students who adhered to the study plan. Interestingly, training significantly increased the mean confidence ratings of non-technical skills only in female students.
Conclusion: Adaptable and inclusive training approaches are important to meet the diverse needs of pharmacy students and ensure their preparedness for professional practice.
Fostering student agency and confidence through problem-based learning and cognitive reflection in the pharmaceutics laboratory
Authors: Raddum Aase , Le Quynh Bao Truong , Herfindal Lars , Wang Wei , Mc Cormack Emmet , Kjome Reidun Lisbet Skeide , Holst Lone , Alfarah Mirey
Published: February 2025

Background: Pharmaceutics is a pivotal subject in pharmacy education, and among the learning outcomes of pharmaceutics laboratory courses is the ability to instil practical skills in compounding, with a focus on quality control. Student feedback reveals that strict passing criteria cause apprehension, ultimately acting as barriers to learning.    
Objective: To foster meaningful learning, increase student confidence, and promote student agency through problem-based learning in the pharmaceutics course at the University of Bergen.    
Method: The three-part educational intervention included a pre-lab workshop, practical laboratory work, and a post-lab workshop. Student groups were tasked to compound different Captopril oral mixtures, and their stabilities after storage were analysed. The data were discussed with the students. A mixed-methods approach was adopted to assess the educational intervention, incorporating a pre- and post-survey on meaningful learning, observations, and focus group interviews.    
Results: The results showed that the learning activity was received positively and fostered a meaningful learning experience. The focus groups reported increased confidence, positive effects from a supportive group, reflection, and reduced apprehension.    
Conclusion: This study represents a novel approach to student learning in a pharmaceutics laboratory course, which resulted in an enhanced laboratory learning experience.
Ways and practices to develop interest in and love of reading: a basis for reading enhancement program
Authors: Bermudez Sheen Lor , Cristobal Michaela , Jarabelo Jackelou , Pereulo Christine , Solis Dama Cynheal
Published: February 2025

Reading skills are vital to daily activities. It is a passport to entering academia and a key to progress. Despite its benefits, many failed to develop an interest in and love of reading. As observed, many prefer playing mobile games and scrolling social media posts rather than picking a book and reading. Since reading is an indispensable skill, students must fall in love with reading.  This study aimed to propose a reading program to develop an interest in and love of reading after discovering the bibliophiles’ ways and practices. This is a qualitative descriptive case study. It describes the bibliophiles’ ways and practices of how they love reading. It involved nine bibliophiles who read one book every month and spent vacant time for pleasure reading. The interview responses were recorded, transcribed, and coded to draw themes.  The study discovered that interest in and love of reading is developed at home and reinforced at school. Their parents and teachers exposed them to and reinforced the reading experiences, created reading opportunities, established family reading routines, recommended and provided appropriate materials, and practiced pleasure reading. Besides previewing reading materials and setting the context before reading, they note details and develop mental connections while reading.  After reading, they extract values, visualize the story, recreate narratives, and learn from each other. Consequently, bibliophiles develop an interest in and love of reading through reading routines, significant persons, and self-motivation. This study proposes a ten-day reading program applying the bibliophiles' ways and practices. Parents are given detailed instructions on how to reinforce ways and practices at school.
Exploring the Potential of Spirulina Algae in Green Facades for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Architecture: A Theoretical Approach for Energy Optimization and Environmental Improvement in Tropical Climates
Authors: Golkarian Shabnam , Golkarian Mina
Published: February 2025

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the emotional experiences of EFL teacher candidates during practicum, as well as the factors that influence their positive and negative feelings and the coping strategies within the concern of sustainable development goals (SDGs).
 
Theoretical Framework: Teachers’ emotions can be uncovered through a variety of theoretical perspectives. In this study, positive psychology was adopted as a theoretical lens for understanding and analyzing emotional experiences and emotions of teacher candidates.
 
Method: The present study, which intends to investigate EFL teacher candidates’ emotional experiences during practicum in addition to uncovering the factors affecting their positive and negative emotions and coping strategies that they utilize in the face of any adverse or unpleasant situations while practicing their teaching, adopted a qualitative research study as the research design. To achieve the purpose of the study, data were collected through open-ended interview forms and reflection papers.
 
Results and Discussion: Research findings reveal that participating teacher candidates experienced both positive and negative emotions during their teaching practices. Such emotions were mostly triggered by teacher candidates’ lack of practices, their dilemmas, teaching context, supervisor, and mentor roles. Moreover, findings indicate that teacher candidates employ several strategies to regulate their emotions during practicum. In this sense, teacher candidates’ emotional stories and coping strategies that they applied in the face of negative experiences are crucial on their wellbeing and problem-solving skills as well as identity construction, which in turn ensures sustainability in teacher education.
 
Research Implications: Teacher educators as supervisors and mentor teachers at practicum schools need to consider that teacher candidates experience emotional ups and downs, and such emotional experiences affect their teaching performances as well as their teacher identity construction.
SDG6: The Interplay of Strategic Resources, Awareness, and Policy in Enhancing Water Quality and Health Outcomes
Authors: Campos Josephine Diana S. , Campos Jofrey R.
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study examines the influence of strategic resources, planning, and public awareness on water quality and public health outcomes. It specifically focus on SDG6 which is the ensure access to water and sanitation for all. It also emphasizes the roles of human and financial resources, strategic planning, and public awareness as mediating factors in enhancing water management systems.
 
Theoretical Framework: The research draws on resource-based and stakeholder theories, emphasizing the importance of resource allocation, strategic alignment, and community participation in addressing water quality and public health challenges. The mediating role of strategic planning and public awareness in optimizing resource effectiveness is central to the framework.
 
Method: Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze data collected from stakeholders in Metro Manila, Cebu City, Davao City, and the Laguna Lake Region. Respondents included government officials, NGOs, private sector representatives, and community leaders.
 
Results and Discussion: Skilled personnel and financial investments enhance strategic planning and wastewater treatment, improving water management and infrastructure. Strategic planning optimizes resource use for water protection, while public awareness fosters community support. Key barriers include regional variability and challenges in measuring public awareness.
 
Research Implications: It recommends targeted training programs, increased financial investments, and integration of advanced monitoring technologies to improve water management systems. Collaboration among governments, private sectors, NGOs, and international organizations is crucial for resource optimization and knowledge sharing. Sustainable technologies, regular monitoring, and active community engagement are identified as essential for long-term improvements.
 
Originality/Value: This research integrates strategic planning, public awareness as mediators between resources and public health, highlighting the link between resource allocation, community participation, and strategic planning to improve water quality and public health.
Enhancing Teacher Competencies for SDG 4: The Impact of Akmi Follow-Up Training on MI Teachers In Indonesia
Authors: Fauyan Muchamad , Efendi Anwar , Wahyono Sugeng Bayu
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study evaluates the impact of follow-up training on the Indonesian Madrasah Competency Assessment (AKMI) results for Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) teachers in Depok City, focusing on how the training enhances teachers' understanding and integration of AKMI results into learning plans.
 
Theoretical Framework: Grounded in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 4: Quality Education, the AKMI follow-up training emphasizes literacy competencies across reading, numeracy, science, and socio-cultural domains to foster inclusive and equitable education.
 
Method: This qualitative descriptive study involved 41 MI teachers participating in the training. Data collection included pre-tests, post-tests, assignments, questionnaires, observations, and interviews to assess cognitive and practical improvements.
 
Results and Discussion: The training significantly enhanced teachers' competencies, particularly in designing literacy-rich lesson plans and addressing diverse student needs. Participants reported improved skills in integrating AKMI results into learning designs, aligned with SDG 4 targets. Challenges such as limited resources, network constraints, and varying student competencies were noted, highlighting areas for improvement. The findings contextualize these results within the theoretical framework, demonstrating alignment with global education goals.
 
Research Implications: The study underscores the importance of sustained capacity-building initiatives for teachers. Practical implications include fostering collaboration among educators and school leaders, while theoretical implications emphasize the integration of SDG-oriented frameworks in teacher training programs.
 
Originality/Value: This research highlights the benefits of AKMI follow-up training in achieving SDG 4 targets. Its originality lies in linking diagnostic assessments with structured teacher capacity-building efforts, contributing to sustainable improvements in education quality.
Study of Liver Development in Laboratory Mice Embryos mus musculus
Authors:   Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq, A.Al-ibrahimi Lubna , Hussein Zainab Muhammad ,   Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
Published: February 2025

The current study aimed to follow up some embryonic developments in the Swiss white mice Mus musculus to identify the nature of these developments in order to increase scientific knowledge from this aspect as well as the importance of mice as a model for experimental studies.The liver is the largest internal organ that provides essential metabolic and endocrine functions, these include the production of bile, metabolism of nutritional compounds, detoxification, regulation of glucose levels through glycogen storage and control of blood balance by secreting clotting factors and serum proteins.Hepatocytes are the main cell type in the liver, accounting for about 70% of adult organ mass, hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells are derived from the embryonic endoderm while visceral cells, astrocytes, kupffer cells and vascular cells are of mesoderm origin.After the occurrence of internal fertilization, the fertilized egg begins to divide until the blastomeres divide into the trophectoderm, which forms the placenta in the future, and the mass of internal cells that later form the embryo.
Analysing Consumer Behaviour and Demand Dynamics of Poultry Based Fast Food in Faisalabad, Pakistan
Authors:   Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, Jl. Airlangga No. 4, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia., Mateen Abdul , Arifianti Novalina ,   Accounting Department, Faculty of Business Economic and digital technology Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya Indonesia 3University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan., Muhammad  Ubaidullah Hafiz ,   University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan., Sari Dyah Wulan ,   Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, Jl. Airlangga No. 4, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia., Adtuti Sari Irum Diah ,   Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, Jl. Airlangga No. 4, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia., Fatimah Nuzulul ,   Management Department, Faculty of Business Economic and Digital Technology Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya
Published: February 2025

Fast food consumption among young people is growing rapidly worldwide, driven by convenience, affordability, and marketing strategies. This has led to notable dietary changes in South Asia, including Pakistan. This study uses demand theory and analysing participant survey data to understand the factors influencing fast food consumption in Faisalabad, a city experiencing rapid urbanization. The analysis reveals that younger, educated, and higher-income individuals are the primary consumers of fast food. Food quality plays a significant role in driving spending, while price sensitivity is relatively low. For example, a 1% increase in price results in only a 0.14% decrease in consumption. On the other hand, income elasticity shows that a 1% increase in income leads to a 15.88% rise in consumption. The study also highlights how popular fast food items like burgers, pizza, and shawarma have substitutive and complementary relationships. These findings offer businesses, policymakers, and health experts valuable insights to address fast-food trends’ social, economic, and health effects.
Compliance of Juvenile Justice Administration in Cameroon with the Human Rights Based Approach
Authors:   Lecturer, Department of French Private Law Faculty of Laws and Political Science, University of Buea, Cameroon, NZOUEDJA, PhD TCHANA Anthony
Published: February 2025

Juvenile delinquency is an age long problem, and the problem still occurs till present date. The world at large and Cameroon in particular has promulgated laws which govern the conducts of its citizens so as to keep order across the country and protect the public from danger which might be inflicted on them by the wrongdoer. However, there are some offenders who due to their vulnerability occupy a special place in the administration of justice and one of them is juvenile offenders. Institutions involved in juvenile justice administration are expected to be child-friendly and upon administration of justice, they are to accord special treatment to juvenile offenders in accordance with the law and to also ensure the protection of juvenile’s rights. This article seeks to demonstrate that despite the existing legislation regulating the administration of juvenile justice in Cameroon, the protection of juvenile’s rights is still questionable due to poor implementation of those laws. The ultimate objectives of juvenile justice administration are rehabilitation and reintegration of juvenile offenders into the society. The article seeks to establish that there are operational problems associated in achieving these objectives. Juvenile offenders still experience severe and physical abuses during pre-trial, trial and post-trial proceedings. The article acknowledges the quest of juvenile justice administration to promote and protect the rights of juveniles through the ratification of international treaties which reinforces the existing national laws but maintains that there is poor observance of the law in the English-speaking Regions of Cameroon. This paper adopts a qualitative research methodology. Qualitative research methodology involves collecting data and analysing non-numerical data (text, video or audio) to understand concepts, opinions or experiences. It has been used to gather in-depths insight into a problem or generate new ideas for research.

The article among other things determines whether from a practitioner perspective, a Cameroonian child resident in the English-speaking Regions of Cameroon and in conflict with the law is actually treated in such a way that it promotes the child sense of dignity and worthiness. Proposals are made for an improved mechanism for the protection of the rights of juveniles.
The Development and Exploration of Western Music History in Chinese Higher Education from the Perspective of Multicultural Integration
Authors:   Graduate School Student Emilio Aguinaldo College Manila, Philippines, Dong Zhou
Published: February 2025

In today's context of deepening globalization, exchanges and integration between different cultures have become an irreversible trend. The field of education, especially higher education, as an important position for cultural inheritance and innovation, is experiencing unprecedented changes and challenges. The history of Western music, as a bridge connecting the past and present, the East and the West, plays a pivotal role in Chinese higher education. This article aims to explore the development and exploration of Western music history in Chinese higher education from the perspective of multicultural integration, with a view to providing reference and inspiration for relevant educators.
Rationale to Why Brazil Proposal to G20 Is Right Taxing the Billionaires (Super-Rich Individuals) in Rawlsian Theory of Justice
Authors:   Student Jordan University College (JUCo), Mwanilwa Ezra Gerald
Published: February 2025

As global governance efforts strive to tackle international inequalities, Brazil's G20 presidency has introduced a proposal aimed at narrowing the gap between wealthy and vulnerable populations. This proposal advocates for a 2% increase in the tax rate on the incomes of the ultra-rich individuals and corporations, intended to enhance public services and support climate change funding. The theory of justice as fairness, articulated by John Rawls in his influential works, provides a framework for justifying the redistribution of social benefits. An impartial understanding offers a rationale for how taxation measures can foster a more equitable society. Nonetheless, this proposal may face challenges due to the intricate nature of taxation systems that intersect across different nations.
The Effect of Implementing the Team Game Tournament (TGT) Type Cooperative Learning Model on Increasing the Activeness of Grade V Elementary School Students
Authors:   Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, Saputri Dwi Yuniasih , Lestari Yuli Puji ,   Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of the implementation of the Team Games Tournament (TGT) type cooperative learning model on increasing the activeness of 5th grade students at State Elementary Schools. Banyuagung III , Surakarta. The approach used is an experiment with data collection methods in the form of observation, documentation, and data analysis. From the research that has been conducted, it shows that the level of active participation of students in learning using the cooperative learning model of the Team Games Tournament (TGT) type is higher than the conventional model used previously. Based on observations and data obtained , the results of the study at SD Negeri Banyuagung III showed an increase in student participation activity from 50% before the implementation of TGT to 100% after the implementation of TGT . This model has proven effective in increasing student activity, especially in PPKN learning with the material of life norms. Thus, the TGT cooperative learning model can be concluded as a method that has a positive influence in increasing the activeness of grade 5 students at SDN Banyuagung III, Surakarta. The TGT type cooperative approach can be used to maximize the participation of each student in the learning process . The results of this study can be used as a reference or input for both teachers and educators to improve the quality of effective learning by considering the right learning model. The TGT learning model can be used as an alternative in an effort to increase the active participation of students in learning activities.