bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of human capital and pro-social attitudes of future teachers and university students
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Eroshenkova Elena I. , Isaev Ilya F. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Eroshenkov Nikolay V. ,   Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after I.D. Putilina, Tarasova Svetlana I. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Duplyakina Alina V. ,   Belgorod State National Research University
Published: March 2021

The formation of human capital in various spheres of society is perceived as a special value. The role of a person with his cognitive and non-cognitive abilities is associated with transformations, competitiveness, and the pace of development of society. This is especially true for “helping” professions that involve activities in the dyads “person - person”, “person - team”, “person - society”. These professions include teachers, police officers, etc. The purpose of the article is to identify the opportunities and social practices of higher education institutions aimed at the formation of human capital and pro-social attitudes of university students. Research methods are: content analysis of regulatory sources, analysis of materials in open access databases; a survey among students of two universities: the Belgorod State National Research University (180 people) and the Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after I.V. Putilina (112 people). The object was the pro-social practices of universities in the formation of human capital. As a result of the study, a “cloud” of associations with the terms “human capital”, “pro-social attitude of the personality” and “higher education” was identified, which included “good”, “potential”, “investment”, “competitiveness”, etc. Prosocial legislative initiatives at the level of the state and individual universities. The prevailing levels of student involvement in pro-social practices were identified (average – 43.15%; above average – 15.75%; high – 11.75%), the priority of educational (64.5%) and practice-oriented (64%) microenvironments. the university in the formation of human capital, as well as the degree of participation of students in various types and spheres of social activity, taking into account the influence of the university (by ranks: 1) educational and developmental; 2) public pedagogical (public service); 3) leisure, sports; sociocultural; 4) health oriented; 5) altruistic (unselfish), volunteer; civil, patriotic) of the 13 positions under consideration. In total, the factors influencing the effectiveness of the formation of human capital at the university were formulated (the level of the legal framework; the capabilities of the university; the needs of society and consumers of educational services; the student's attitude); the control effects of the integration of the mission of the university, the competitiveness of its subjects, the corporate value of human resources are proposed. Prospects are associated with the development of an integrative concept for the formation of a pro-social attitude of students of universities.
Development of social activity of a student mastering the teaching profession
Authors:   Bunin Yelets State University, Mezinov Vladimir N. , Zakharova Marina A. ,   Bunin Yelets State University, Karpacheva Irina A. ,   Bunin Yelets State University
Published: March 2021

The problem of the development of social activity of the future teacher is actualized by the fact that for society, the creative activity of a teacher is the most important resource that ensures socially significant changes in society, and for the student himself, the manifestation of his social activity is the opportunity to manifest himself as a subject capable of navigating a complex socio-cultural space, in a political, scientific, sports, social, charitable activities. The assessment of the manifestations of students' social activity was carried out on the basis of a survey, expert assessments and observation. The sample consisted of 200 respondents: 48 males and 152 females aged 18 to 22, the 2nd year students in pedagogical programs at Yelets State University named after I.A. Bunin. It was revealed that all respondents note the importance and activity-based nature of social activity and consciously engage in various types of activities, while social and charitable (82%) and sports and health (64%) are priorities for them. Only 2% of respondents consider social activities useless and unpopular. The leading motives of students' participation in public life were determined: awareness of their pertinence (72%), satisfaction with the benefits brought (66%), additional opportunity for professional growth (55%), meeting interesting people (54%). Methodological recommendations for the development of social activity of students in the university are proposed, aimed at creating and implementing organizational and pedagogical conditions that determine the environment for the development of social activity of future teachers. The research is of practical value for specialists who develop content, technologies, management of professional training and education of a future teacher.
Questionnaire on class management readiness for future teachers
Authors:   Kozma Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University, Ilaltdinova Elena Yu. , Kisova Veronika V. ,   Kozma Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University, Semenov Alexey V. ,   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The relevance of the research is determined by the special role of the class teacher at the present stage of the development of Russian education. The preparation of future teachers at the university for implementing the social and pedagogical function of class management requires the development of new approaches to the educational process, in particular, the provision of informative diagnostic methods. Materials and methods. The study used a method of experimental modeling of the questionnaire on class management readiness. The basis for creating the questionnaire was the idea of the structural organization of readiness for class management: motivational and required, cognitive, activity, and emotional-reflexive components. Statistical methods: Spearman's rank correlation coefficient; cluster analysis. Results. The stimulating materials of the questionnaire were developed, consisting of four subscales, corresponding to the component composition of readiness for class management. The subscales of the questionnaire do not duplicate each other and have independent diagnostic value. Thus, all the rank correlation coefficients are significant at the level of 0.01; at the same time, there are no indicators close in modulus to 1. Significant correlations between the diagnostic results of each subscale and the final result of readiness for class management indicate the internal consistency of the entire questionnaire. Conclusion. The initial psychometric check of the questionnaire of future teachers' readiness for class management showed the admissibility of its use to assess this construct. The questionnaire makes up for the shortage of diagnostic tools for examining the readiness of university students to implement the educational function at school and can also be used to assess the effectiveness of some aspects of the educational process at university.
Efeito da profundidade do nadador no movimento de pernas na ondulação subaquática
Authors: Pinto Marcelo de Oliveira , Pereira Suzana Matheus , Roesler Helio
Published: March 2021

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito das diferenças de profundidade do nadador e sua influência no desempenho do movimento de pernas na ondulação subaquática – MPOS. Participaram da pesquisa vinte e quatro nadadores do sexo masculino (22,2 ± 8,1 anos de idade, 7,3 ± 4,8 anos de prática de natação, 73,1 ± 11,5 kg e massa corporal e 1,77 ± 0,08 metros de estatura), com nível técnico superior a 70% do recorde mundial da prova dos 50 metros Livre e pertencentes a equipes do Estado de Santa Catarina. Eles foram filmados para análise cinemática. Os vídeos de todas as execuções foram digitalizados no programa Ariel Perfomance Analysis Systems – APAS. Foi utilizado a reconstrução Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) do programa APAS da Ariel Dynamics Inc., para obtenção valores numéricos de profundidade. Para os valores de desempenho foram utilizadas quatro câmeras na determinação dos tempos de cada execução. Os resultados sugerem que, para este estudo, a profundidade não foi uma variável determinante no desempenho do MPOS. Concluiu-se que não foram observadas diferenças na variável profundidade com o tempo de cada nadador, portanto não ocorreu a correlação estatística da profundidade com Tempo 5 – 15 m.
Factors Affecting Accumulation of Household Debts in Malaysia
Authors: Lean-Ee Lee Yvonne , Sukhavudh Charun Vanisa , Mohd Zaki Hazmi Hamizan
Published: March 2021

Since 2000, the ratio of debt to income among Malaysian households has been showing an upward trend. This paper examines the factors affecting accumulation of household loansinto two main categories, housing loans and consumption loans. The purpose of this separation is to study the impact of savings on housing loans and consumption loans individually, which has not been researched in a Malaysian context prior to this. By adopting the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), we found that cost of living, house prices and savings impacts accumulation of housing loans and consumption loans differently. There is a positive relationship between savings to housing loans. Cost of living on the other hand has a negative relationship with accumulation of consumption loans. House prices is negatively related to consumption loans. This study fills in the literature gap on the impact of household’s savings on accumulation of both housing and consumption loans. Among the policy implications proposed by this paper is to rectify and influencethe root causes of inflation.
A Roller Coaster Ride
Authors: Mohd Hanafi Hasni Binti , Jantan Azman
Published: March 2021

Fun Extreme Park is a new theme park in town. After a few years in operation, the park is facing a crisis in declining number of visitors. Revenue is greatly affected as the biggest revenue stream comes from the sales of tickets. A few other challenges have been identified that may further contribute to the decline in the visitors’ numbers. The sales of retail products are not promising and there has been an increasing complaint from customers on the quality of food and services at their restaurants. Despite having ten rides in the park, some of the popular rides are not operable due to maintenance issues. These added to the customers’ complaints further. The case dilemma involves getting the best options in improving the park’s performance by way of getting the best strategies in each of the challenges highlighted. Appendices are attached to provide more information for better understanding of the park’s operation
BENTUK DAN FUNGSI SANDUR DI DESA SUKOREJO KECAMATAN PARENGAN KABUPATEN TUBAN
Authors: Tyas Galuh Haryanti Manunggaling , Srihadi Srihadi
Published: March 2021

Sandur in his show tells about the life of people who have a livelihood as a farmer. The problem in this research is how sandur shows form and how Sandur functions. Based on the object studied, this research uses qualitative method. To discuss the form using the concept of Sal Murgiyanto and I Made Bandem which discuss elements of traditional theater which includes dialogue, decorating, dance, accompaniment music, makeup, costumes and dance. Discussing the problem of function using the concept of SD Humardani which belongs to social functions including entertainment functions, educational functions, and solidarity functions. The results showed that Sandur is a folk art in the form of traditional theater. Sandur has 3 innings in the show, namely the opening section, the contents and the closing part. Sandur's performance form can be seen from the elements of the performance consisting of dialogue, decor, costumes, makeup, accompaniment music, singing, and dance. Sandur function is classified into social functions, namely as entertainment, as education, and as community solidarity.  Keywords: Sandur, Shape, Function
Impact of air pollution in Mymensingh city of Bangladesh: focusing peoples’ perception
Authors: Mondol MA , Hossain M , Sultana S , Islam MA , Biswas P
Published: March 2021

The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of air pollution in some selected areas of Mymensingh city. The relationship between independent variables (age, educational qualification, family size and communication exposure) with the basic idea and impact of air pollution (dependent variable) was investigated in this study. To conduct the study, two hundred (200) respondents were selected randomly from four study sites under Mymensingh city. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients were analyzed to examine the relationship between the concerned variables. The findings revealed that 87.5% people have basic idea and 12.5% people have no idea about air pollution. About half (46%) of the peoples had high impact, 34% had medium and 20% had low impact because of air pollution. Out of four independent variables, three variables such as educational qualification and communication exposure had positive and significant relationship, age had negative but significant relationship and family size had non-significant relationship with their perception and awareness of air pollution. Further assessment on different air pollutants in the study area may explore the original status of air pollution and their impact on environment as well as on livelihood.

Progressive Agriculture 31 (3): 154-163, 2020
Evaluation of vermicompost use for cabbage production in two selected areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Tasmin S , Khan MR , Tarafder MA , Rahman MH
Published: March 2021

Vermicompost has various positive effects on soil, particularly soil fertility and productivity. Two experiments were conducted at farmer’s field of Mymensingh and Jamalpur to observe the effect of vermicompost on cabbage production during rabi season 2019. There were seven compost treatments viz: T1:  RCF (N150 P40 K100 S16 Kg ha-1), T2: 85% RCF, T3: 70% RCF, T4: 85% RCF + 3 t ha-1 vermicompost (VC), T5: 85% RCF + 1 t ha-1 VC, T6: 70% RCF + 3 t ha-1 VC and T7: 70% RCF + 1 t ha-1 VC. The experiments were laid out in a RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with three replications. The average fresh yield at Mymensingh ranged from 36.5 to 61.6 t ha-1 with the highest yield of 61.6 t ha-1 from treatment T4 (85% RCF + 3 t ha-1 VC). At Jamalpur, the average yield ranged from 33.5 to 55.2 t ha-1 and the highest yield of 55.2 t ha-1 was recorded from treatment T4 (85% RCF + 3 t ha-1 VC). The lowest yield was obtained from treatment T3 in both the location. The percent fresh yield increased over control (T1), was 22.70 and 20.78 in Mymensingh and Jamalpur, respectively. The highest gross margin is Tk. 829007/-, which is obtained from treatment T4 (85% RCF + 3 t ha-1 VC). The highest MBCR 2.76 (average of two locations) was obtained from the same treatment T4 (85% RCF + 3 t ha-1 VC). Result indicated that application of vermicompost along with 85% recommended dose of chemical fertilizer is more profitable than application of chemical composts only.

Progressive Agriculture 31 (3): 190-194, 2020
Management behavior of indigenous peoples in conserving forest resources
Authors: Rinda Sandayani Karhab
Published: March 2021

The study aims to prove the influence of local wisdom, learning, attitudes on the intentions and behavior of indigenous peoples in behaving sustainably or preserving forest resources in East Kalimantan Province. The population in this study is customary law communities, namely groups of people who have local wisdom in protecting and managing the environment sustainably in the province of East Kalimantan. The purposive sampling method was used to select districts and villages as sample areas, namely the districts of Berau, East Kutai, and West Kutai with a total population of 12,483. The sample of customary law communities was taken using the nonprobability sampling technique, which includes incidental sampling and purposive sampling of 387 indigenous respondents. Subsequently, in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 customary law community leaders as informants to produce more facts, complete the study description of the phenomenon being studied, and strengthen the research analysis. As a result, local wisdom has influenced the intentions and behavior of indigenous and tribal peoples to conserve forest resources. Learning can increase intention and influence community behavior to conserve forest resources. The attitude of the customary law community in supporting the preservation of forest resources has no effect on the intention to conserve forest resources and the stronger the intention to conserve forest resources, the more it will affect the behavior of the customary law community in conserving forest resources. Furthermore, the perception of indigenous and tribal peoples is that they are very supportive of the preservation of forest resources, forests are seen as an inseparable part of life due to their very high dependence on the economy.
Potencial energético dos resíduos da castanha do Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) para produção de carvão ativado
Authors: Souza Cristiane Daliassi Ramos de , Silva Kleyner de Carvalho da
Published: March 2021

Para escolher o processo mais eficiente de geração de energia é necessário conhecer as propriedades químicas e térmicas da biomassa. As cascas e os ouriços da castanha do Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.), geralmente tratados como resíduos, têm despertado interesse de pesquisadores do setor energético devido as suas propriedades carburantes. Este trabalho visa avaliar as propriedades energéticas das cascas da semente e dos ouriços da castanha do Brasil para utilizá-los na produção de adsorventes. Os ensaios físico-químicos e térmicos das biomassas foram investigados pelas técnicas de Análise Imediata (umidade, cinzas, voláteis e carbono fixo), Análise Elementar, Poder Calorífico Superior (PCS), Poder Calorífico Inferior (PCI) e Termogravimetria (TG/DTG). Os adsorventes, CA-1 (cascas) e CA-2 (ouriço), foram produzidos por ativação química com ZnCl2 seguida de carbonização à 500ºC por 90 min. Os resultados da caracterização para as biomassas mostraram umidade entre 8-9%, cinzas abaixo de 2,8%, elevados teores de voláteis (85%), PCI e PCS próximos, na faixa entre 15-17 MJ/kg. O rendimento do processo de obtenção dos carvões ativados (~74%) foram superiores a literatura. A avaliação dos adsorventes quanto ao processo de adsorção do azul de metileno mostrou-se eficiente, sendo que o carvão ativado produzido das cascas apresentou uma maior capacidade adsortiva quando comparado ao adsorvente produzido a partir dos ouriços. Por fim, as biomassas demonstraram um bom potencial energético e como uma alternativa ao carvão ativado comercial, promovendo o aproveitamento dos resíduos e contribuindo como uma possível solução na busca por materiais precursores de baixo custo para a produção de adsorventes.
Ordenamento territorial do Município de Visconde do Rio Branco
Authors: Paula Lucas Pinheiro de , Zaidan Ricardo Tavares , Carrara Angelo Alves
Published: March 2021

O Estado brasileiro enfrentou ao longo do século XIX o desafio de ordenar o território no interior das províncias. A constituição político-administrativa se apresentava de uma forma muito mais complexa como conhecemos atualmente. Se os municípios atualmente são subdivididos apenas em distritos, anteriormente os poderes políticos, judiciários e eclesiásticos participavam do ordenamento territorial e diferentes categorias se sobrepunham gerando um complexo ordenamento territorial. A cidade de Visconde do Rio Branco, localizada no sudeste de Minas Gerais tem seu processo de formação inserido dentro desse contexto. Quando ainda povoado denominava-se Aldeia do Xopotó dos Coroados, e o município foi criado somente em 1839 após ser desmembrado de Pomba com a denominação de Vila de São João Batista do Presídio. O município do Presídio tem um papel importante na consolidação da territorialidade da porção central da zona da mata mineira, do seu território originaram-se 49 municípios. Nesse sentido o objetivo dessa pesquisa é discutir a evolução do ordenamento territorial do município de Visconde do Rio Branco, explicando as diferentes categorias que fizeram parte do ordenamento territorial do município ao longo do século XIX e XX. A metodologia adotada fundamentou-se em pesquisas bibliográficas e geoprocessamento aplicado a cartografia histórica. Espera-se que a pesquisa possa contribuir com informações e materiais cartográficos que enriqueçam a geografia-histórica dos municípios de Visconde do Rio Branco e também dos municípios que se desmembraram de seu território original.
Graphene: A new technology for agriculture
Authors: May André , Coelho Luciana Fontes , Silva Evandro Henrique Figueiredo Moura da , Viana Ronaldo da Silva , Vieira Junior Nilson Aparecido , Ferreira Williams Pinto Marques
Published: March 2021

This article presents a review on the use of graphene in various segments, elucidating that this product can be used in various industrial sectors. These include mainly agriculture (as in large crops of high relevance, such as coffee), the food industry and the environment, as a plant growth stimulator and in fertilizers, nanoencapsulation and smart-release systems, antifungal and antibacterial agents, smart packaging, water treatment and ultrafiltration, contaminant removal, pesticide and insecticide quantitation, detection systems and precision agriculture. However, some challenges can be overcome before the graphene-based nanoparticle is used on a large scale. In this way, before using the product in the environment, it is necessary to determine whether the technology is safe for the soil-plant system and consumers. Furthermore, the cost of its use can also be a limiting factor depending on the level applied. Therefore, this review proposes to examine the diverse literature to explain the effects of the use of graphene in agriculture, plants and soil microorganisms. Accordingly, this article discusses and presents the possibilities of application of graphene in agriculture, plants and soil microorganisms.
Influência de materiais recicláveis e vinhaça da cana de açúcar na resistência mecânica de tijolos ecológicos
Authors: Tosello Maria Eunice Carvalho , Tamashiro Jacqueline Roberta , Silva Lucas Henrique Pereira , Antunes Patricia Alexandra , Simões Rebeca Delatore
Published: March 2021

A indústria da construção civil utiliza abundante matéria-prima não renovável, consome grande quantidade de energia na extração de insumos, na produção dos materiais, no transporte de ambos e gera uma infinidade de entulho na execução das obras. Tijolos ecológicos podem ser fabricados utilizando resíduos urbanos atóxicos, incluindo os da construção civil. Este trabalho objetivou descrever o processo de fabricação e a caracterização estrutural de tijolos ecológicos utilizando como matriz o argissolo e o latossolo, e como aglomerante, materiais recicláveis da coleta seletiva urbana (PET e EPS), reboco descartado pela construção civil e a vinhaça da indústria canavieira. Foram realizados estudos do processo de fabricação de protótipos de tijolos ecológicos e da caracterização mecânica: absorção de água, densidade seca, resistência à compressão mecânica, comportamento tensão/deformação, comportamento massa/resistência à compressão. Os resultados mostraram que a inclusão acima de excessiva de materiais recicláveis na fabricação dos adobes promove o aumento da resistência mecânica, mas também aumenta a absorção de água de forma a não atender a regulamentação da norma brasileira que dispõe sobre o tijolo maciço de solo-cimento. Os tijolos mais promissores foram os fabricados com 55 e 39,5 % de materiais recicláveis para o argissolo e o latossolo respectivamente.
Atuação do enfermeiro no manuseio do cateter venoso central de inserção Periférica em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal
Authors: Leite Airton César , Silva Luiseunice Arraes , Silva Mariana Pereira Barbosa , Silva Marciele de Lima , Alves Rayssa Stéfani Sousa , Gomes Bárbara Pereira , Lima Reilda de Sá , Lima Maria Bianca e Silva , Avelino Juliana Torres , Lima Ana Flávia Gomes de , Assis Débora Alves de , Borges Laryce Steffane de Carvalho , Batista Jocilene Mesquita , Ramos Keyla da Silva , Sousa Mariane Gomes Duarte de , Sousa Neta Raimunda da Silva , Prudêncio Laiana Dias , Silva Karla Cynthia dos Santos e , Moura Layanne Cavalcante de , Apolinário Joelma Maria dos Santos da Silva , Rodrigues Cicera Leiane Sampaio , Ribeiro Filho Moacir Andrade , Santos Jeferson Moreira dos , Silva Geovanna Carey Brabo da
Published: March 2021

Analisar as evidências científicas sobre a atuação do enfermeiro no manuseio do Cateter Venoso Central de Inserção Periférica em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. O presente estudo trata de uma revisão bibliográfica do método revisão integrativa da literatura, realizado nos meses entre outubro de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021. A busca efetuou-se, através da Plataforma da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BVS, utilizando as bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), e por meio da Biblioteca Eletrônica da Saúde - Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). Aderindo-se através dos descritores/palavras chaves: “Cuidados de Enfermagem”, “Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal”, “Cateterismo Venoso Central”, “Cateterismo Periférico”, combinados com o operador booleano “AND”. As principais indicações para uso do PICC são os recém-nascidos que necessitem de terapia intravenosa por um período superior a seis dias, utilização de medicações (principalmente antibióticos, quimioterápicos, soluções vesicantes e hiperosmolares), nutrição parenteral prolongada ou outras terapias intravenosas de longa permanência. A utilização do PICC, é uma inovada tecnologia necessária em neonatalogia, está se tornando um procedimento comum a prática dos enfermeiros nas unidades de alto risco neonatal. Para isto, o manuseio deste dispositivo requer conhecimento, destreza e habilidade, priorizando o cuidado com a manutenção do cateter. Diante desse contexto, destaca-se a necessidade do PICC ser a via de primeira escolha para terapia intravenosa, com vistas à minimização do estresse e dor ao neonato, à diminuição do número de punções venosas e ao estabelecimento de um acesso duradouro e de fácil manuseio, reconhecendo potencialidades acerca do uso do dispositivo.
Characterization of a functional NTPDase in the endoplasmic reticulum of rat submandibular salivary gland
Authors: Ostuni MA , Egido P , Peranzi G , Alonso GL , Lacapere J-J , Gonzalez DA
Published: March 2021

Nucleotidase activity and Ca-uptake were characterized in
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) enriched rat submandibular gland
(SMG) microsomal preparations. (i) Ca-uptake had characteristics
of an ER Ca-ATPase. (ii) Nucleotidase activity was equally
stimulated by calcium, magnesium and manganese, but with
different Km values. (iii) Specific inhibitors of P-type Ca-ATPases
were ineffective on nucleotidase activity, demonstrating that this
activity was not related to calcium uptake and did not correspond
to classical Ca2+ pumps. (iv) ATP and UTP were more efficient
substrates, whereas ADP and UDP were hydrolyzed at
significantly slower rate. (v) Nucleotidase activity was sensitive to
mild detergent solubilization and insensitive to ionophore
addition. (vi) Nucleotidase activity was strongly inhibited by
suramin, a nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase
(NTPDase) inhibitor. (vii) Nucleotidase activity exponentially
diminished as function of time. All these observations are
consistent with a NTPDase identity. The presence of a NTPDase
was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in rat SMG.
Immunoreactivity was stronger in ductal cells than in mucous and
serous acini. Although this enzyme was observed in the plasma
membrane, colocalization with the ER marker calnexin revealed a
specific subcellular localization in this organelle of all three types
of cell. The putative function of this NTPDase activity in salivary
glands is discussed.
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis of the Sertraline Residues Contained in the Tissues of Rainbow Trout Reared in Model Experimental Conditions
Authors: VACLAVIK J , SEHONOVA P , MEDKOVA D , STASTNY K , CHARVATOVA M , FALDYNA M , MARES J , SVOBODOVA Z
Published: March 2021

The growing consumption of pharmaceuticals in the human population and the insufficient efficiency of their elimination in waste water has a long-term negative impact on the environment of aquatic ecosystems, including the organisms that inhabit them. A significant contributor is the consumption of anti-depressants from the SSRI group, which corresponds to their increasing concentration in the environment. The aim of this work was to determine if antidepressant sertraline is able to be stored in fish organisms and to evaluate the content of residues in various body tissues. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchuss mykkis) was selected as the test organism and was artificially exposed to the antidepressant for 1 month (concentrations 0; 4.2; 44 and 400 ng.g-1 sertraline in the feed). Liver, kidney, brain and muscle tissue biopsies samples were taken for analysis. Detection was performed using an Accela 1250 LC pump and an Accela autosampler coupled with a high-performance mass analyzer with a heated electrospray ionization source Q-Exactive Orbitrap, operating in positive ionization mode and in PRM mode (m/z 306.08108→275.03888 and 309.009991→275.03888 for sertraline and internal standard, respectively). The limit of quantification of the method was 0.1 ng.g-1 of sertraline and the calibration curve showed a good linearity up to 20 ng.g-1. From the collected data, amount of residues was found in the liver, kidney and brain. In contrast, the incidence of residues in muscle tissue was not detected in all groups, which is favorable from the point of view of fish meat consumption, by humans.
ILUSTRASI BUKU ENSIKLOPEDIA BURUNG RANGKONG DI INDONESIA
Authors: Pradana Andhika Putra , Masnuna Masnuna
Published: March 2021

AbstrakBurung Rangkong atau Enggang yang dikenal juga sebagai ‘petani hutan’ memiliki peranan penting bagi hutan tropis di Indonesia, sebab kebiasaannya yang gemar menebar biji buah sisa makanannya saat ia terbang. Biji buah yang tersebar tersebut dapat menjadi bibit pohon baru dan dapat meregenerasi hutan secara alami. Namun, keberadaan burung tersebut jarang diketahui oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Padahal populasi burung tersebut di alam liar sangat mengkhawatirkan, hampir semua jenis Burung Rangkong memiliki status satwa yang dilindungi. Sangat disayangkan jika masyarakat khususnya anak-anak Indonesia di masa mendatang tidak mengenal burung yang sangat penting dan eksotis tersebut. Dibutuhkan media yang dapat memuat berbagai informasi dari Burung Rangkong dan menjadi media pengenalan yang menarik bagi anak-anak, maka buku ensiklopedia berilustrasi dipilih sebagai media utama pada penelitian ini. Terdapat 2 tahap yang digunakan dalam penelitian, yaitu tahap persiapan dan tahap penciptaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menghasilkan konsep “Mengenal ‘Petani Hutan’ Indonesia”, yang digunakan sebagai acuan untuk menciptakan media buku ensiklopedia berilustrasi dengan tujuan mengenalkan berbagai hal tentang Burung Rangkong beserta jenisnya tanpa harus bertemu atau melihat langsung burung tersebut di alam maupun di suaka marga satwa. Diharapkan Buku Ensiklopedia tersebut juga dapat menjaga eksistensi Burung Rangkong yang dilindungi. Kata Kunci: Anak, Buku, Burung Rangkong, Ensiklopedia, Ilustrasi AbstractHornbill is also known as 'forest farmers', has an important role in tropical forests in Indonesia, because of its habit of spreading the leftover seeds when it flies. The scattered fruit seeds can become new tree seedlings and can naturally regenerate the forests. However, the existence of these birds is rarely known by Indonesian society. Whereas the population of these birds in the wild is very worrying, almost all types of hornbills have protected animal status. It is unfortunate if society especially future Indonesian children do not recognize this very important and exotic bird. The Media that contain information about Hornbill is needed as an interesting knowledge medium for children, so the illustrated encyclopedia book was chosen as the main media in this research. In this research, there are 2 stages used which are the preparation stage and the stage of creation. The results of this study produced the concept of "Get to know Indonesia's Forest Farmers " which is used as a reference to create an illustrated encyclopedia book media to introduce various things about hornbill and their species without having to meet or see the bird directly in nature or wildlife reserves. It is expected that the encyclopedia book can maintain the existence of the protected hornbill. Keywords: Children, Book, Hornbill, Encyclopedia, Illustration
Redox Property Tuning in Bipyridinium Salts
Authors: Burešová Zuzana , Klikar Milan , Mazúr Petr , Mikešová Michaela , Kvíčala Jaroslav , Bystron Tomas , Bureš Filip
Published: March 2021

Bipyridinium salts are currently very popular due to their perspective applications in redox flow batteries. Hence, we designed and prepared a series of bipyridiniums based on 2,2′-, 3,3′-, and 4,4′-bipyridine and 2,2′-bipyrimidine. The straightforward synthesis utilizes commercially or readily available starting compounds and their direct N-alkylation, mostly using 1,3-propanesultone. All eleven target derivatives with systematically evolved structure were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, which allowed elucidating thorough structure-property relationships. The electrochemical behavior depends primarily on the parent scaffold, type of N-alkylation, number of quaternized nitrogen atoms, planarity, counter ion as well as the used media. Two derivatives featuring quasi-reversible redox processes were further tested on rotating disc electrode and in a flow battery half-cell. 4,4′-Bipyridinium derivative bearing two sultone residues showed better performance and stability in the flow half-cell with small capacity decays of 0.09/0.15% per reduction-oxidation cycle, based on the number of the utilized redox processes (one/two).
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Post-Mature Hydrocarbon Source Rocks Under Deep-Derived Fluids: An Example of Early Cambrian Yurtus Formation, Tarim Basin, NW China
Authors: Xiaowei Huang , Zhijun Jin , Quanyou Liu , Qingqiang Meng , Dongya Zhu , Jiayi Liu , Jinzhong Liu
Published: March 2021

As a link between the internal and external basin, the deep derived fluids play a key role during the processes of hydrocarbon (HC) formation and accumulation in the form of organic-inorganic interaction. Two questions remain to be answered: How do deep-derived fluids affect HC generation in source rocks by carrying a large amount of matter and energy, especially in post-mature source rocks with weak HC generation capability? Can hydrogen and catalysts from deep sources significantly increase the HC generation potential of the source rock? In this study, we selected the post-mature kerogen samples of the early Cambrian Yurtus Formation in the Tarim Basin of China. Under the catalytic environment of ZnCl2 and MoS2, closed system gold tube thermal simulation experiments were conducted to quantitatively verify the contribution of catalytic hydrogenation to "HC promotion" by adding H2. The catalytic hydrogenation increased the kerogen HC generation capacity by 1.4–2.1 times. The catalytic hydrogenation intensity reaction increased with temperature. The drying coefficient of the generated gas decreased significantly as the increasing yield of heavy HC gas. In the simulation experiment, alkane δ13C becomes lighter after the catalytic hydrogenation experiment, while δ13CCO2 becomes heavier. In the process of catalytic hydrogenation, the number of gaseous products catalyzed by ZnCl2 is higher than that catalyzed by MoS2 under the same conditions, indicating that ZnCl2 is a better catalyst for the generation of gaseous yield. Meanwhile, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FFT) reaction was happened in the catalytic hydrogenation process. The simulation experiment demonstrates that hydrogen-rich components and metal elements in deep-derived fluids have significant catalytic hydrogenation effects on organic-rich matter, which improved the HC generation efficiency of post-mature source rocks.
Nocturnal Heart Rate and Cardiac Repolarization in Lowlanders With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at High Altitude: Data From a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy
Authors: Bisang Maya , Latshang Tsogyal D. , Aeschbacher Sayaka S. , Huber Fabienne , Flueck Deborah , Lichtblau Mona , Ulrich Stefanie , Hasler Elisabeth D. , Scheiwiller Philipp M. , Ulrich Silvia , Bloch Konrad E. , Furian Michael
Published: March 2021

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether sleeping at altitude increases nocturnal heart rate (HR) and other markers of cardiovascular risk or arrhythmias in lowlanders with COPD and whether this can be prevented by nocturnal oxygen therapy (NOT).

Methods: Twenty-four COPD patients, with median age of 66 years and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 55% predicted, living <800 m underwent sleep studies at Zurich (490 m) and during 2 sojourns of 2 days each at St. Moritz (2,048 m) separated by 2-week washout at <800 m. During nights at 2,048 m, patients received either NOT (2,048 m NOT) or ambient air (2,048 m placebo) 3 L/min via nasal cannula according to a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Sleep studies comprised ECG and pulse oximetry to measure HR, rhythm, HR-adjusted QT interval (QTc), and mean oxygen saturation (SpO2).

Results: In the first nights at 490 m, 2,048 m placebo, and 2,048 m NOT, medians (quartiles) of SpO2 were 92% (90; 94), 86% (83; 89), and 97% (95; 98) and of HR were 73 (66; 82), 82 (71; 85), and 78 bpm (67; 74) (P < 0.05 all respective comparisons). QTc increased from 417 ms (404; 439) at 490 m to 426 ms (405; 440) at 2,048 m placebo (P < 0.05) and was 420 ms (405; 440) at 2,048 m NOT (P = NS vs. 2,048 m placebo). The number of extrabeats and complex arrhythmias was similar over all conditions.

Conclusions: While staying at 2,048 m, lowlanders with COPD experienced nocturnal hypoxemia in association with an increased HR and prolongation of the QTc interval. NOT significantly improved SpO2 and lowered HR, without changing QTc. Whether oxygen therapy would reduce HR and arrhythmia during longer altitude sojourns remains to be elucidated.
Moving Toward Patient-Tailored Treatment in ALS and FTD: The Potential of Genomic Assessment as a Tool for Biological Discovery and Trial Recruitment
Authors: Broce Iris J. , Castruita Patricia A. , Yokoyama Jennifer S.
Published: March 2021

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are two devastating and intertwined neurodegenerative diseases. Historically, ALS and FTD were considered distinct disorders given differences in presenting clinical symptoms, disease duration, and predicted risk of developing each disease. However, research over recent years has highlighted the considerable clinical, pathological, and genetic overlap of ALS and FTD, and these two syndromes are now thought to represent different manifestations of the same neuropathological disease spectrum. In this review, we discuss the need to shift our focus from studying ALS and FTD in isolation to identifying the biological mechanisms that drive these diseases—both common and distinct—to improve treatment discovery and therapeutic development success. We also emphasize the importance of genomic data to facilitate a “precision medicine” approach for treating ALS and FTD.
Changes in Added Sugar Intake and Body Weight in a Cohort of Older Australians: A Secondary Analysis of the Blue Mountains Eye Study
Authors: Moshtaghian Hanieh , Charlton Karen E. , Louie Jimmy Chun Yu , Probst Yasmine C. , Mitchell Paul , Flood Victoria M.
Published: March 2021

Background: The evidence regarding the association between added sugar (AS) intake and obesity remains inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between changes in the percentage of energy intake from AS (EAS%) and changes in body weight in a cohort study of older Australians during 15 years of follow-up. In addition, associations were assessed according to whether EAS% intake was provided from beverage or non-beverage sources.

Methods: Data were analyzed from the participants of the Blue Mountains Eye Study Cohort. Dietary data were collected at baseline (1992–94) and three five-yearly intervals using a 145-item food frequency questionnaire. Participants' body weight was measured at each time point. Five-yearly changes in EAS% intake and body weight were calculated (n = 1,713 at baseline). A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to examine the relationship between the overall five-yearly changes in EAS% intake and body weight, adjusted for dietary and lifestyle variables.

Results: In each time interval, the EAS% intake decreased by ~5% in the lowest quartile (Q1) and increased by ~5% in the highest quartile (Q4). The mean (SD) body weight change in Q1 and Q4 were 1.24 (8.10) kg and 1.57 (7.50) kg (first time interval), 0.08 (6.86) kg and −0.19 (5.63) kg (second time interval), and −1.22 (5.16) kg and −0.37 (5.47) kg (third time interval), respectively. In GEE analyses, the overall five-yearly change in EAS% intake was not significantly associated with body weight change (Ptrend = 0.837). Furthermore, no significant associations were observed between changes in EAS% intake from either beverage or non-beverage sources and changes in body weight (Ptrend for beverage sources = 0.621 and Ptrend for non-beverage sources = 0.626).

Conclusion: The findings of this older Australian cohort do not support the association between changes in EAS% intake and body weight, regardless of AS food sources (beverage or non-beverage).
Genes That Mediate Starch Metabolism in Developing and Germinated Barley Grain
Authors: Collins Helen M. , Betts Natalie S. , Dockter Christoph , Berkowitz Oliver , Braumann Ilka , Cuesta-Seijo Jose A. , Skadhauge Birgitte , Whelan James , Bulone Vincent , Fincher Geoffrey B.
Published: March 2021

Starch is synthesized in the endosperm of developing barley grain, where it functions as the primary source of stored carbohydrate. In germinated grain these starch reserves are hydrolyzed to small oligosaccharides and glucose, which are transported to the embryo to support the growth of the developing seedling. Some of the mobilized glucose is transiently stored as starch in the scutellum of germinated grain. These processes are crucial for early seedling vigor, which is a key determinant of crop productivity and global food security. Several starch synthases (SS), starch-branching enzymes (SBEs), and starch debranching enzymes (isoamylases, ISA), together with a limit dextrinase (LD), have been implicated in starch synthesis from nucleotide-sugar precursors. Starch synthesis occurs both in the developing endosperm and in the scutellum of germinated grain. For the complete depolymerization of starch to glucose, α-amylase (Amy), β-amylase (Bmy), isoamylase (ISA), limit dextrinase (LD), and α-glucosidase (AGL) are required. Most of these enzymes are encoded by gene families of up to 10 or more members. Here RNA-seq transcription data from isolated tissues of intact developing and germinated barley grain have allowed us to identify the most important, specific gene family members for each of these processes in vivo and, at the same time, we have defined in detail the spatio-temporal coordination of gene expression in different tissues of the grain. A transcript dataset for 81,280 genes is publicly available as a resource for investigations into other cellular and biochemical processes that occur in the developing grain from 6 days after pollination.
Sustainable Behavior Change for Health Supported by Person-Tailored, Adaptive, Risk-Aware Digital Coaching in a Social Context: Study Protocol for the STAR-C Research Programme
Authors: Ng Nawi , Eriksson Malin , Guerrero Esteban , Gustafsson Carina , Kinsman John , Lindberg Jens , Lindgren Helena , Lindvall Kristina , Lundgren Anna Sofia , Lönnberg Göran , Sahlen Klas-Göran , Santosa Ailiana , Richter Sundberg Linda , Weinehall Lars , Wennberg Patrik
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) in the Region Västerbotten Sweden is one of the very few cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention programmes globally that is integrated into routine primary health care. The VIP has been shown as a cost-effective intervention to significantly reduce CVD mortality. However, little is known about the effectiveness of a digital solution to tailor risk communication strategies for supporting behavioral change. STAR-C aims to develop and evaluate a technical platform for personalized digital coaching that will support behavioral change aimed at preventing CVD.

Methods: STAR-C employs a mixed-methods design in seven multidisciplinary projects, which runs in two phases during 2019–2024: (i) a formative intervention design and development phase, and (ii) an intervention implementation and evaluation phase. In the 1st phase, STAR-C will model the trajectories of health behaviors and their impact on CVDs (Project 1), evaluate the role of the social environment and social networks on behavioral change (Project 2) and assess whether and how social media facilitates the spread of health information beyond targeted individuals and stimulates public engagement in health promotion (Project 3). The findings will be utilized in carrying out the iterative, user-centered design, and development of a person-tailored digital coaching platform (Project 4). In the 2nd phase, STAR-C will evaluate the implementation of the coaching programme and its effectiveness for promoting behavioral change and the spreading of health information across social networks and via social media (Project 5). The cost-effectiveness (Project 6) and ethical issues (Project 7) related to the coaching programme intervention will be evaluated.

Discussion: The STAR-C research programme will address the knowledge and practice research gaps in the use of information technologies in health promotion and non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention programmes in order to narrow the health inequality gaps.

Ethics: STAR-C has received approval from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr. 2019-02924;2020-02985).

Dissemination: The collaboration between Umeå University and Region Västerbotten will ensure the feasibility of STAR-C in the service delivery context. Results will be communicated with decision-makers at different levels of society, stakeholders from other regions and healthcare professional organizations, and through NGOs, local and social media platforms.