bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overcoming COVID-19 to achieve elimination
Authors: Casley Iona
Published: December 2020

Iona Casley, Policy and Parliamentary Adviser, Hepatitis C Trust, discusses the progress that has been made towards eliminating hepatitis C during a pandemic
Femtosecond laser–matter interaction of tungsten carbide
Authors: Meliani Hasnaa , Assoul Mohamed , Fontaine Michael , Malkhasyan Vahan , Gilbin Alexandre , Monteil Guy
Published: December 2020

We investigate the femtosecond laser–matter interaction for a tungsten
carbide with 10% of cobalt. A femtosecond laser (1030 nm) with a pulse
duration of 400 fs was used. For cumulated fluences between 1.4 and

4

J

/

c

m
2

, laser-induced periodic surface
structures (LIPSS) could be produced with a low ablation rate. LIPSS
had a spatial period of 665 nm and an amplitude of 225 nm. The
athermal ablation threshold fluence ranged from 0.35 to

11

J

/

c

m
2

in cumulated fluence for a range
between 1 and 100 pulses. Thus, dimples could be fabricated without
any thermal effects. In addition, the incubation coefficient and
optical penetration depth of tungsten carbide were determined. They
were equal to 0.79 and 19 nm, respectively.
High-precision channel spacing and balanced output multiwavelength laser array with fine tunability
Authors: Feng Yongkang , Zhao Yongbing , Yang Liangliang , Wang Xiaohua , Zhuang Guoce , Guo Renjia
Published: December 2020

The multiwavelength laser array (MLA) with fine wavelength tunability is demonstrated experimentally. The studied MLA has good single-longitudinal-mode performance, and the side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) even reaches 62.1 dB. Meanwhile, the wavelength range of the MLA can be tuned to 25.003 nm with 63 channels of 50 GHz spacing. All lasers are within a wavelength deviation of

±

0.02

n
m

. The output power is almost constant with standard deviation 0.63 dBm. The SMSRs are all above 50 dB.
Geometric attenuation factor based on scattering theory from randomly rough surface
Authors: Sun Linli , Zhao Feng
Published: December 2020

The geometrical attenuation factor (GAF) describes the effect of shadowing and masking on surfaces. The GAF is a crucial factor in achieving a high degree of realism in computer graphics and is important for the evaluation of the accuracy of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). The Smith GAF is a simplified algorithm that is calculated on some assumptions and by using the root mean square. The Sun GAF is a brute-force algorithm that is calculated on the given surface; however, the Sun GAF does not consider the incident wavelength and its interaction with the surface. We propose a GAF algorithm that is designed based on Maxwell’s equations and the scattering. We consider the incident wavelength, the shape of the rough surface, and the scattering, and validated on generated Gaussian surfaces. The results demonstrated that, to a large extent, the proposed algorithm eliminated the undesired behavior of the Cook-Torrance BRDF model near the grazing angle.
Fast optical sampling by electronic repetition-rate tuning using a single mode-locked laser diode
Authors: Bajek D. , Cataluna M. A.
Published: December 2020

This paper demonstrates optical sampling by electronic repetition-rate tuning (OSBERT): a single-laser optical sampling technique capable of fast scan rates and customisable scan ranges. The method has no moving parts and is based on the electronic modulation of the repetition rate of a passively mode-locked laser diode, simply by varying the reverse bias applied directly to the saturable absorber section of the laser. Varying the repetition rate in a system built as a highly imbalanced interferometer results in pairs of (pump, probe) pulses with successive increasing delay. The resulting scan range is proportional to the magnitude of the repetition rate modulation and is scaled by the chosen length of the imbalance. As a first proof of concept, we apply the method to distance measurement, where the displacement of a target across 13.0 mm was detected with ∼0.1 mm standard deviation from an equivalent free-space distance of 36 m and at a real-time scan rate of 1 kHz. The customizable scan range and competitive scan rate of the method paves the way for single ultrafast semiconductor laser diodes to be deployed as fast, low-cost, and compact optical sampling systems in metrology, biomedical microscopy, and sensing applications.
Extruded suspended core fibers from lanthanum-aluminum-silicate glass
Authors: Litzkendorf Doris , Matthes Anne , Schwuchow Anka , Dellith Jan , Wondraczek Katrin , Ebendorff-Heidepriem Heike
Published: December 2020

We report the use of the extrusion technique at highest temperatures to date (975 °C - 1000 °C) for the fabrication of suspended core fibers (SCFs) from glass with molar composition 65 SiO2-20 Al2O3-15 La2O3 (SAL65). Through adjusting die design and fabrication conditions, extruded preforms for fibers with two different core sizes (1.2 µm and 3.1 µm) were successfully produced. Cross-sectional microstructure and material loss of these fibers highlight the potential of the extrusion technique for fabrication of microstructured optical fibers from glasses with high softening temperature and thus high thermal and mechanical stability.
Moistube irrigation (MTI) discharge under variable evaporative demand
Authors: Dirwai Tinashe Lindel , Senzanje Aidan , Mabhaudhi Tafadzwanashe
Published: December 2020

We investigated the conceptual capability of Moistube irrigation (MTI) to discharge under zero applied positive pressure and under varied climatic conditions by inducing an artificial evaporative demand (Ed) or negative pressure around Moistube tubing. This study was premised on the null hypothesis that an artificially induced Ed or negative pressure does not impact MTI discharge. Moistube tubing was enclosed in a 1 m long PVC conduit. A 20 l water reservoir placed on an electronic balance provided a continuous supply of water whilst a three-speed hot air blower facilitated the radiative factor and advection process. The procedure was conducted under varied climatic conditions with three air velocity (ua) treatments namely; 1.2 m.s-1, 2.5 m.s-1, and 3.0 m.s-1 and the experiment run times were 159 h, 134 h and 10 h, respectively. The average temperature (Tave) and relative humidity (RH) data for ua = 1.2 m.s-1 were 53°C and 7.31%, whilst for ua = 2.5 m.s-1, Tave was 56°C and RH = 7.19%, and for ua = 3.0 m.s-1, Tave was 63°C and RH = 6.16%. The experimental data was input into the four variable Penman-Monteith method to compute the evaporative demand (Ed). For each Ed, the instantaneous mass flow rate (m˙) was recorded using an electronic balance and subsequently converted to volumetric flow rates. For each of the air velocities, the respective Ed values obtained were 0.16, 0.31 and 0.36 mm.d-1. The Bowen ratios (r) were well below 1 (r < 1), which suggested a sufficient supply of moisture to evaporate. For Ed = 0.16 mm.d-1 the vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was 113.08 mbars, whilst for Ed = 0.31 mm.d-1 and for Ed = 0.36 mm.d-1 the VPD were 129.93 mbars and 150.14 mbars, respectively. The recorded discharges (q) at normalised time (t*) = 1 h for Ed = 0.16 mm.d-1 was 7.67*10−3 l.hr-1.m-1 length, whilst for Ed = 0.31 mm.d-1 q = 14.5*10−3 l.hr-1.m-1 length, and for Ed = 0.36 mm.d-1 q = 20.8*10−3 l.hr-1.m-1 length. The imposed negative pressure causes an exponential increase in Moistube™ discharge, thus disproving the null hypothesis. The higher the evaporative demand the higher the discharge. This phenomenon allows MTI to be used for deficit irrigation purposes and allows irrigators to capitalize on realistic soil matric potential irrigation scheduling approach.
Rising mean incomes for whom?
Authors: Shao Liang Frank , Krause Melanie
Published: December 2020

Not everybody is benefiting equally from rising mean incomes. We discuss the mean-income population share (MPS), the population percentage of earners below mean income, whose evolution can capture how representative rising mean values are for middle income households. TrackingMPSand its associated income shareMISover time indicates to what extent economic growth is inclusive of both the middle and the bottom of the income distribution. We characterizeMPSandMISanalytically under different growth scenarios and compare their parametric estimation using micro-level and grouped income data. Our empirical application with panel data of 16 high- and middle-income countries shows that in the last decades rising mean incomes have mostly not favored middle income households in relative perspective, while the overall welfare effects of the changes inMPSand the correlation structure with the Gini coefficient are mixed.
Fecal pellets of giant clams as a route for transporting Symbiodiniaceae to corals
Authors: Umeki Masami , Yamashita Hiroshi , Suzuki Go , Sato Taiki , Ohara Shizuka , Koike Kazuhiko
Published: December 2020

Because more than 80% of species of gamete-spawning corals, including most Acroporidae species, do not inherit Symbiodiniaceae from their parents, they must acquire symbiont cells from sources in their environment. To determine whether photosynthetically competent Symbiodiniaceae expelled as fecal pellets from giant clams are capable of colonizing corals, we conducted laboratory experiments in which planula larvae of Acropora tenuis were inoculated with the cells in fecal pellets obtained from Tridacna crocea. T. crocea fecal pellets were administered once a day, and three days later, cells of Symbiodiniaceae from the fecal pellets had been taken up by the coral larvae. T. crocea fecal pellets were not supplied from the 4th day until the 8th day, and the cell densities in the larvae increased until the 8th day, which indicated the successful colonization by Symbiodiniaceae. The control group exhibited the highest mean percentage of larvae (100%) that were successfully colonized by culture strains of Symbiodiniaceae, and larvae inoculated with fecal pellets reached a colonization percentage of 66.7 ~ 96.7% on the 8th day. The highest colonization rate was achieved with the fecal pellets containing cells with high photosynthetic competency (Fv/Fm). Interestingly, the genetic composition of Symbiodiniaceae in the larvae retrieved on the 8th day differed from that in the fecal pellets and showed exclusive domination of the genus Symbiodinium. A minor but significant population of the genus Cladocopium in the fecal pellets was not inherited by the larvae. These experiments provided the first demonstration that the Symbiodiniaceae from tridacnine clams provided via fecal pellets can colonize and even proliferate in coral larvae.
Differences in circulating γδ T cells in patients with primary colon cancer and relation with prognostic factors
Authors: Andreu-Ballester Juan Carlos , Galindo-Regal Lorena , Hidalgo-Coloma Julia , Cuéllar Carmen , García-Ballesteros Carlos , Hurtado Carolina , Uribe Natalia , del Carmen Martín María , Jiménez Ana Isabel , López-Chuliá Francisca , Llombart-Cussac Antonio
Published: December 2020

Downregulation of the T cell system has been proposed as a mechanism to block immunity in colonic cancer (CC). However, little has been studied about circulating αβ and γδ T cells and their immunological status in newly diagnosed patients. The aim of this study was to characterize the αβ and γδ T cell subsets in peripheral blood of patients with CC matched with healthy volunteers. In this prospective case-control study, blood samples were obtained from 96 patients with newly diagnosed treatment-naïve infiltrating colonic adenocarcinoma and 48 healthy volunteers. Pathological report at surgery was obtained from all CC patients. A significant decrease in CD3+ γδ T cells and CD3+CD8+ γδ T cells (p<0.001) were observed in CC patients. Apoptosis was significantly increased in all conventional and both αβ and γδ T cell subsets in patients with CC vs healthy subjects. γδ T cells were decreased in peripheral blood of patients with microscopic infiltration in tissues, history of cancer and synchronous colon cancer (p < 0.05). IFN-γ was significantly reduced in CC patients compared to controls. Cytotoxic effector γδ T cells TEMRA (CD8 and CD56) are the proportionally most abundant T cells in peripheral blood of CC patients. Patients with CC present a deep downregulation in the systemic T-cell immunity. These variations are evident through all tumor stages and suggest that a deficiency in γδ T cell populations could be preventing control of tumor progression. This fact prove the role of immunomodulation on CC carcinogenesis.
Stereotyping in the digital age: Male language is “ingenious”, female language is “beautiful” – and popular
Authors: Meier Tabea , Boyd Ryan L. , Mehl Matthias R. , Milek Anne , Pennebaker James W. , Martin Mike , Wolf Markus , Horn Andrea B.
Published: December 2020

The huge power for social influence of digital media may come with the risk of intensifying common societal biases, such as gender and age stereotypes. Speaker’s gender and age also behaviorally manifest in language use, and language may be a powerful tool to shape impact. The present study took the example of TED, a highly successful knowledge dissemination platform, to study online influence. Our goal was to investigate how gender- and age-linked language styles–beyond chronological age and identified gender–link to talk impact and whether this reflects gender and age stereotypes. In a pre-registered study, we collected transcripts of TED Talks along with their impact measures, i.e., views and ratios of positive and negative talk ratings, from the TED website. We scored TED Speakers’ (N= 1,095) language with gender- and age-morphed language metrics to obtain measures of female versus male, and younger versus more senior language styles. Contrary to our expectations and to the literature on gender stereotypes, more female language was linked to higher impact in terms of quantity, i.e., more talk views, and this was particularly the case among talks with a lot of views. Regarding quality of impact, language signatures of gender and age predicted different types of positive and negative ratings above and beyond main effects of speaker’s gender and age. The differences in ratings seem to reflect common stereotype contents of warmth (e.g., “beautiful” for female, “courageous” for female and senior language) versus competence (e.g., “ingenious”, “informative” for male language). The results shed light on how verbal behavior may contribute to stereotypical evaluations. They also illuminate how, within new digital social contexts, female language might be uniquely rewarded and, thereby, an underappreciated but highly effective tool for social influence.WC = 286 (max.300 words).
The pharmacodynamic and differential gene expression analysis of PPAR α/δ agonist GFT505 in CDAHFD-induced NASH model
Authors: Liu Linfu , Liu Chuang , Zhao Manyu , Zhang Qianru , Lu Ying , Liu Ping , Yang Hua , Yang Jinliang , Chen Xiaoxin , Yao Yuqin
Published: December 2020

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/δ (PPAR α/δ), regulating glucolipid metabolism and immune inflammation, has been identified as an effective therapeutic target in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Dual PPAR α/δ agonist, such as GFT505 (also known as elafibranor), demonstrated potential therapeutic effect for NASH in clinical trials. To profile the regulatory network of PPAR α/δ agonist in NASH, the choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) induced NASH model was used to test the pharmacodynamics and transcriptome regulation of GFT505 in this study. The results showed that GFT505 ameliorated hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in CDAHFD mice model. RNA-sequencing yielded 3995 up-regulated and 3576 down-regulated genes with GFT505 treatment. And the most significant differentialy expressed genes involved in glucolipid metabolism (Pparα, Acox1, Cpt1b, Fabp4, Ehhadh, Fabp3), inflammation (Ccl6, Ccl9, Cxcl14) and fibrosis (Timp1, Lamc3, Timp2, Col3a1, Col1a2, Col1a1, Hapln4, Timp3, Pik3r5, Pdgfα, Pdgfβ, Tgfβ1, Tgfβ2) were confirmed by RT-qPCR. The down-regulated genes were enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway and ECM-receptor interaction pathway, while the up-regulated genes were enriched in PPAR signaling pathway and fatty acid degradation pathway. This study provides clues and basis for further understanding on the mechanism of PPAR α/δ agonist on NASH.
Outcomes of an intermediate respiratory care unit in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Carrillo Hernandez-Rubio Javier , Sanchez-Carpintero Abad Maria , Yordi Leon Andrea , Doblare Higuera Guillermo , Garcia Rodriguez Leticia , Garcia Torrejon Carmen , Mayor Cacho Alejandro , Jimenez Rodriguez Angel , Garcia-Salmones Martin Mercedes
Published: December 2020

Background

15% of COVID-19 patients develop severe pneumonia. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation and high-flow nasal cannula can reduce the rate of endotracheal intubation in adult respiratory distress syndrome, although failure rate is high.

Objective

To describe the rate of endotracheal intubation, the effectiveness of treatment, complications and mortality in patients with severe respiratory failure due to COVID-19.

Methods

Prospective cohort study in a first-level hospital in Madrid. Patients with a positive polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 and admitted to the Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit with tachypnea, use of accessory musculature or SpO2<92% despite FiO2> 0.5 were included. Intubation rate, medical complications, and 28-day mortality were recorded. Statistical analysis through association studies, logistic and Cox regression models and survival analysis was performed.

Results

Seventy patients were included. 37.1% required endotracheal intubation, 58.6% suffered medical complications and 24.3% died. Prone positioning was independently associated with lower need for endotracheal intubation (OR 0.05; 95% CI 0.005 to 0.54, p = 0.001). The adjusted HR for death at 28 days in the group of patients requiring endotracheal intubation was 5.4 (95% CI 1.51 to 19.5; p = 0.009).

Conclusions

The rate of endotracheal intubation in patients with severe respiratory failure from COVID-19 was 37.1%. Complications and mortality were lower in patients in whom endotracheal intubation could be avoided. Prone positioning could reduce the need for endotracheal intubation.
Nem-szokványos gazdaságpolitikai intézkedések figyelembevétele a nemzetgazdasági modellezésben = Incorporating Non-Conventional Economic Policy Measures into Macroeconomic Modeling
Authors: Révész Tamás
Published: December 2020

A nagy pénzügyi válság és a koronavírus-válság kezdete óta sok kormány és az EU maga is számos nem szokványos gazdaságpolitikai intézkedés alkalmazására kényszerült. A cikk először megkísérli tisztázni ezen „nem-szokványos” illetve „unortodox” gazdaságpolitikák mibenlétét, majd azt vizsgálja, hogy az ilyen gazdaságpolitikák hogyan tükröződnek az állami kiadások és bevételek sajátos szerkezetében. Az adónemek nagy száma, valamint a sok ágazatspecifikus adó, adókedvezmény, támogatás már önmagában is utalhat a gazdaságpolitika nem-szokványos jellegére. Az ilyen politikák modellezése kihívást jelentő feladat, részben azért, mert ezek a politikák sok rejtett adót és támogatást alkalmaznak a kereszttámogatásoktól és más, az árakat torzító intézkedésektől - például monopóliumok létrehozásától – kezdve egészen a szabályozókedvezményekig és adósságleírásokig. A magyar esetben az élsportra, az egyházakra, a kormány üzeneteit közvetítő médiára, a határon túli magyarokra, valamint a kormányhoz közeli vállalkozók és külföldi befektetők tulajdonában lévő nagyvállalatok beruházásainak támogatására fordított kiadások magas aránya is tanúskodik az unortodox gazdaságpolitika erős újraelosztó és társadalomátalakító szándékáról. A magyar gazdaságpolitika számos intézkedésének felsorolása és csoportosítása, valamint azok speciális, néha egyedi mechanizmusainak megvilágítása után a cikk felvázolja, hogyan lehet ezeket a mechanizmusokat ábrázolni egy számszerűsíthető általános egyensúlyi modellben
Az informális ellátás költsége krónikus betegségekben: magyarországi kutatások összehasonlító elemzése = Cost of informal care in chronic diseases in Hungary: a comparative analysis
Authors: Beretzky Zsuzsanna
Published: December 2020

Bevezetés: Magyarországon kevéssé ismertek az informális gondozás társadalmi terhei. Célkitűzés: Az informális ellátás költségeinek meghatározása krónikus betegségekben. Módszer: Tizenhárom korábbi hazai kutatás összehasonlító elemzését végeztük el. Eredmények: Az 1986 beteg (nők: 59,9%) átlagos életkora 58,29 (SD=16,62) év volt. Az informális ellátás (maximum 24 óra/nap) költsége átlagosan 7399 (SD=25648) forint/beteg/hét volt, az igénybevevők alcsoportjában 24509 (SD=42281) forint/beteg/hét. A legsúlyosabb állapotúak (EQ-5D-3L index≤0, N=162; 9,1%) közül 51 beteg (31,5%) nem kapott informális ellátást és 15-en egyedül éltek. Következtetések: Magyarországon az informális ellátás költsége jelentős. Számos betegségben azonban nincs adat, pedig ezek alapvetőek lennének a megfelelő egészségpolitikai döntések meghozatalához és a fenntartható finanszírozás kialakításához.
Mariana Mazzucato – The Value of Everything: making and taking in the global economy
Authors: Szabó Dorottya
Published: December 2020

A Rajk Szakkollégium 2020-as Neumann-díjasa Mariana Mazzucato, aki jelenleg a UCL2 professzora, illetve a UCL Institute for Innovation & Public Purpose alapítója és igazgatója. Kutatási területe elsősorban az állam innovációban és ezáltal a gazdasági növekedésben betöltött szerepének megértése és újradefiniálása. Kutatási tevékenységén túl politikai tanácsadóként is működik, nemzetközi szervezetek és kormányfők kérik ki véleményét évek óta. Több nagyhatású könyv szerzője, melyek közül a The Value of Everything: making and taking in the global economy című művének segítségével próbálok a következőkben képet adni munkásságáról.
concessão de uso especial para fins de moradia e a máxima da proporcionalidade
Authors: Pereira Mônani Menine
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo aborda a concessão de uso especial para fins de moradia. Centra-se em analisar a medida de acordo com a "máxima" da proporcionalidade. Através da pesquisa doutrinária e do método indutivo, operacionalizado com as técnicas do referente, das categorias, dos conceitos operacionais e da pesquisa de fontes documentais, constatou-se que a concessão de uso especial para fins de moradia atende a máxima da proporcionalidade, especialmente quando o imóvel público dominical não cumpre a função social.
Prescrição de ações trabalhistas por danos decorrentes de crimes contra a humanidade
Authors: Magalhães Mello Janna T. , Dagash Najwa
Published: December 2020

O presente comentário de jurisprudência versa sobre a decisão da Suprema Corte Argentina no caso María Gimena Ingegnieros vs. Techint SA, sobre a prescrição de ações trabalhistas por danos decorrentes de crimes contra a humanidade. No que diz respeito ao caso em tela, trata-se de busca por indenização por infortúnio desinente de crimes contra a humanidade, neste caso praticado pela empresa Techint SA em face de Enrique Roberto Ingegnieros, pai de María Gimena, fruto de desaparecimento forçado quando trabalhava como engenheiro na referida empresa. A decisão, tomada por maioria, foi no sentido de que a sentença de primeiro grau que reconhecera a prescrição deveria ser revogada, para que o juízo de primeira instância possa se manifestar sobre o mérito, em virtude da natureza dos delitos perpetrados.
Sistemas Sociais, Saúde e Judicialização
Authors: Rorato Crusius Tarsila , Haeberlin Martin
Published: December 2020

O estudo busca compreender como a judicialização pode comprometer a integridade do sistema da saúde na perspectiva da Teoria Geral dos Sistemas Sociais de Niklas Luhmann. Para isso, primeiramente busca conhecer como decisões judiciais atuam como irritações ao sistema da saúde. Em um segundo momento, analisa o impacto destas decisões no sistema, a partir dos dados da judicialização em saúde no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, em 2018. Por fim analisa os riscos à integridade do sistema da saúde representados pela judicialização, bem como as respostas estruturadas pelo sistema político brasileiro. Parte-se da hipótese de que as respostas do sistema da saúde às ameaças representadas pela judicialização da saúde dependem das respostas de outros sistemas sociais. A metodologia é de caráter exploratório, com realização de pesquisa bibliográfica. Conclui-se que a capacidade de resposta dos sistemas sociais a estas irritações definirá a possibilidade de manutenção de sua integridade e diferenciação.
República Federativa do Brasil na Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos
Authors: Guerra Sidney , Leahy Érika
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar alguns casos de violação de direitos humanos que envolveram a República Federativa do Brasil junto à Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e seus desdobramentos no plano doméstico quanto à produção legislativa e criação de políticas públicas, pontualmente os casos (1) Sebastião Camargo Filho (petição n. 12.310), (2) Wallace de Almeida (petição n. 12.440), (3) Manoel Leal de Oliveira (petição n. 12.308) e  (4) Aristeu Guida da Silva e família (petição n. 12.213). O estudo reveste-se de interesse, pois, embora o Estado se comprometa a cumprir normas jurídicas internacionais de proteção de direitos humanos evidencia-se que, em muitas ocasiões, o mesmo acaba por descumpri-las ensejando a apreciação da matéria por órgãos internacionais com reflexos para o sistema normativo interno. Em vista disso, salienta-se o uso do método indutivo de abordagem, seguido pelo modelo descritivo de análise dos referidos casos e os procedimentos documental e bibliográfico quanto à seleção de bibliografia.
Salute pubblica
Authors: Finco Matteo , Bitencourt Daniella
Published: December 2020

L’articolo opera un confronto preliminare dei sistemi sanitari nazionali di Italia e Brasile. Si tratta di una ricerca esplorativa, condotta attraverso l’analisi dei principi costituzionali e delle leggi che istituiscono rispettivamente il Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e il Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN), e il ricorso a dati nazionali e internazionali riguardanti la salute pubblica. Particolare attenzione – con un approfondimento sull’Italia – viene dedicata al finanziamento di tali sistemi sanitari e alle loro criticità. L’obiettivo è quello di definire le caratteristiche essenziali dei due sistemi sanitari nazionali, evidenziandone le somiglianze e le differenze più marcate.
Processo de Construção da Cátedra Sérgio Vieira de Mello na Faculdade de Direito e Relações Internacionais da UFGD
Authors: Silva da Silva Cesar Augusto , Stefanello Pires Julia
Published: December 2020

Visando uma maior atuação acadêmica no atendimento, mapeamento e integração dos migrantes, assim como um aprofundamento nos estudos das questões migratórias, o Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para Refugiados (ACNUR) vem há mais de 17 anos implementando a Cátedra Sérgio Vieira de Mello (CSVM), em cooperações técnico-científica com centros universitários do país e com o Comitê Nacional para Refugiados (CONARE). No Mato Grosso do Sul, a única universidade que mantém tal parceria é a Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), tendo essa história se iniciado com um projeto de pesquisa sobre migração e refúgio e que, atualmente, atende demandas de centenas de migrantes em Dourados e região, englobando vários projetos de distintas áreas de atuação dentro do ambiente acadêmico. Denota-se que a Cátedra está vinculada à Faculdade de Direito e Relações Internacionais (FADIR), de modo que o tema se mostra pertinente à ambos os cursos, atraindo acadêmicos e professores que se envolveram e contribuíram para a expansão do projeto. O artigo busca apresentar a história da Cátedra Sérgio Vieira de Mello na UFGD, revisitando fatos e eventos que marcaram a criação e expansão do projeto na região, através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, utilizando o método indutivo e abordagem histórica da questão dentro da UFGD.
El eco-abuso de derecho cinco años después
Authors: Sozzo Gonzalo
Published: December 2020

Este artículo aborda el problema de la puesta en funcionamiento por los tribunales de la figura del abuso del derecho en relación a los derechos de incidencia colectiva (art. 14 in fine del CCC). El análisis de la jurisprudencia muestra que el empleo aún no se ha consolidado en una verdadera doctrina judicial, pero el proceso de construcción ya se ha iniciado y para su continuidad se requiere una mejor comprensión del perfil de la figura —en el marco del proyecto de las líneas de diseño del CCC—, lo que incluye cuatro puntos clave: la genealogía de la norma, su diferenciación con los supuestos de conflictos de derechos individuales y colectivos, las directrices para su funcionamiento y las pretensiones judiciales a que puede dar lugar.
Un análisis del sistema de capacidad del Código Civil y Comercial, desde la mirada de la jurisprudencia
Authors: Kilgelmann Maria Romina , Sánchez Sabrina
Published: December 2020

En el presente trabajo analizamos cómo la jurisprudencia ha plasmado los cambios operados en materia de capacidad en los cinco años de vigencia del Código Civil y Comercial argentino.
Apuntes sobre los actos jurídicos personalísimos: una categoría necesaria
Authors: Moia Ángel Luis
Published: December 2020

La incorporación legislativa de los derechos personalísimos y la consecuente categoría de las relaciones jurídicas extrapatrimoniales importa un replanteo de la teoría general de institutos como el acto jurídico. Se analiza la normativa vigente proyectándosela sobre los preceptos del acto jurídico, abordando dos emergentes puntuales como lo son la autonomía de la voluntad y la representación.
Revisando los daños punitivos a cinco años del Código Civil y Comercial
Authors: Toniollo Javier Alberto
Published: December 2020

En el presente trabajo se analizan los antecedentes de este instituto «importado», donde el Análisis Económico del Derecho juega un papel importante, además, es ajeno a la tradición jurídica del país. Se observa desde la incorporación al microsistema de la Ley de Defensa del Consumidor que en la doctrina argentina y por reflejo, en la jurisprudencia, se han generado controversias en cuestiones relativas a la denominación, funciones, factor de atribución, destino de los fondos, ámbitos de aplicación entre otros. Con la entrada en vigencia del Código Civil y Comercial, se desata la posibilidad de aplicarse a todo el derecho daños.En este estado de la cuestión es preciso abandonar las posiciones y entender que las soluciones se encuentran en el Código vigente, en constante diálogo con la Constitución Nacional y los microsistemas de protección.
Prevención en los contratos
Authors: Wagner Claudia
Published: December 2020

El CCyCN ha avanzado decididamente en el sentido de la prevención, resultando este prin- cipio preventivo plenamente aplicable al ámbito contractual. Se consagraron así normas de prevención del daño en la regulación general de la responsabilidad (Arts. 1710 y sgtes.) y también en las normas específicamente contractuales (Arts. 1031 y 1032). Este plexo normativo apunta a la prevención del daño y de los conflictos contractuales, confiriendo valiosas herramientas quepueden y deben ser utilizadas por las partes y por los jueces, cuando los conflictos contractuales que se les presenten así lo ameriten. Sin perjuicio de la prudencia con que las medidas preventivas que el CCyCN pone al alcance de los operadores deban ser aplicadas, so pena de conculcar la autonomía privada expresada en el instrumento contractual, la interpretación tampoco debería ser tan restrictiva al punto de privar a las partes de la posibilidad de evitar daños o al menos no profundizarlos y, sobre todo, de mantener con vida al contrato. Creemos que, hasta ahora, en el ámbito contractual no ha sido explotada en profundidad la riqueza del principio preventivo consagrado en el CCyCN.
La regulación del nombre de las personas jurídicas en el artículo 151 del CCCN . Análisis de los requisitos y de los problemas de interpretación y de aplicación
Authors: Romano Rubén
Published: December 2020

La entrada en vigencia del Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación introdujo a través del artículo 151 una serie de requisitos para el reconocimiento y protección del nombre de las personas jurídicas que está generando una serie de problemas de interpretación y aplicación. En el presente trabajo analizamos la norma remarcando los problemas que genera y los argumentos respecto de por qué creemos que es necesaria su revisión.
Conceptualising a Library Chatbot using Open Source Conversational Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Bagchi Mayukh
Published: December 2020

Conversational software, or chatbots in popular parlance, has been in vogue amongst organizations for a few decades now. In sync with the trend, various libraries and knowledge resource centres have also adopted them within their technological fold, with an aim to provide improved services to patrons. The only bottleneck towards such implementation has been the dearth of open source conversational software platforms. The purpose of the paper is to conceptualize a library chatbot using a recently developed, artificial intelligence-powered open source conversational software platform named Rasa Stack. It introduces the essence of chatbot technology and their present day application in libraries, illustrates how the technical underpinnings of Rasa Stack can be leveraged to develop a library chatbot, and reflects on the potential future research in this direction.
Research Collaboration and Authorship Pattern in the field of Semantic Digital Libraries
Authors: Pandey Shriram , Sahoo Sidhartha
Published: December 2020

This study aims to explore research collaborations and authorship patterns in the field of semantic digital libraries(SDL). The data is extracted (N=2075) from the Scopus database using keywords related to semantic digital libraries by considering all types of publications during 1983-2019. The analysis of each document is based on the following scientometrics indicators: author productivity, degree of collaboration, collaboration index, collaboration coefficient and modified collaboration coefficient. Correlation matrices were also calculated and inferences drawn in terms of authors and publications. A network visualisation tool VOSviewer was used to present authorship correlation network strength and keyword mapping for a better insight into the emerging areas in the field of SDL. The resulting average degree of collaboration of 0.898 indicates that a large number of publications are multi-authored and that there is a higher level of collaborative research in the field of semantic digital libraries. Meghini C from the Institute of Information Science and Technologies, Italy has produced the highest number of research paper(n=18) whereas Egenhofer MJ found to be a profoundly impacted author with 851 citations on in the studied domain. Results also reveal that the focus areas of research related to SDL include digital libraries, semantic web, ontology, metadata and information retrieval. However, keywords such as natural language processing system, computational linguistics, linked data are also repeated frequently in the published literature, thus revealing the emerging areas of the future research in the domain of SDL.
Students Perception for Adopting Marketing Tools in University Libraries on the Basis of Their Backgrounds
Authors: Gupta Richa , Kumar Shiv
Published: December 2020

This paper examines the perception range of students belonging to different backgrounds viz. urban, semi-urban and rural, for implementing various tools for marketing library resources and services. It attempts to investigate those marketing tools which according to the users could be most suitable for marketing library resources and services. This is a survey based research study conducted by administering a structured questionnaire designed for the users. The data from eight state university libraries of North Western India was collected from users belonging to different residential backgrounds. The major findings illustrated three types of marketing strategies i.e. ICT/ Web, Web 2.0 and traditional tools may be adopted for making the students aware about library resources and services. The study also revealed the fact that libraries must employ Web 2.0 technologies usually as a great majority of respondents are Web 2.0 savvy and leant towards this form of promotion. Further it was also found that despite varying backgrounds except a few marketing tools there did not exist any major difference in the opinion of the users with regard to adoption of various marketing tools.
Bibliometric Analysis of papers published during 1992 to 2019 in DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology
Authors: Garg K C , Lamba Manika , Singh Rahul Kumar
Published: December 2020

The study analyses papers published in DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology (DJLIT) using bibliometric techniques for the period of 1992-2019 (28 years) and citations received by these papers until 20th March 2020as reflected by Google Scholar. The study examined the pattern of growth, geographical distribution of the articles; identified the prolific authors & institutions, and their output; and the pattern of citations of the papers and identified most cited authors. The findings indicate that the highest number of articles was published during 2012-2015 followed by 2016-2019. The distribution of output by countries indicates that 39 countries contributed 1,698 articles, including India. Indian authors published the highest percentage (86.1 %) of articles followed by USA and had the highest value of CPP and RCI. Authors affiliated to different institutions of Delhi contributed the most (30.7 %) followed by Karnataka (13.1 %) and Maharashtra (10.5 %). Among the institutions, DRDO-DESIDOC and CSIR-NISTADS topped the list. Among the 26 most prolific authors, B.M. Gupta (CSIR-NISTADS) published the maximum number of articles. However, B.R. Babu (University of Madras, Chennai) had the highest value of CPP and RCI. During the studied period, 1,698 papers obtained 15,538 citations, of which 248 (14.6 %) articles did not receive any citation.
Nachhaltige Mobilität befördern: Umweltverträglich, sozial gerecht und ökonomisch tragfähig
Authors: Rasche Barbara , Dreber Niels , Strunk Florian , Tydecks Laura
Published: December 2020

Um große gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen wie den Klimawandel zu bewältigen, braucht es auch eine nachhaltige Mobilitätswende.Deshalb fördert das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung Projekte, in denen Wissenschaft, Kommunen, Wirtschaft und Zivilgesellschaft
gemeinsam Wege in die Mobilität der Zukunft erforschen und in der Praxis erproben. Die Projektteams fragen aktuelle Bedarfe und Bedürfnisse ab, entwickeln Mobilitätskonzepte und starten gemeinsam mit Kommunen deren Umsetzung.
Time for a biodiversity turn in sustainability science
Authors: Kueffer Christoph , Di Giulio Manuela , Hauser Katrin , Wiedmer Caroline
Published: December 2020

For a society to emerge in which people make money through restoration rather than through the destruction of nature, closer dialogue between sustainability science and socially diverse biodiversity conservation is needed.
,,StadtNaturen“ ‐ herrschaftskritische Erkundungen
Authors: Simon Karl-Heinz , Breitenbach Sarah , Nacif Fernanda , Winterfeld Uta von
Published: December 2020

Dem Thema Natur in der Stadt näherten sich die Teilnehmer(innen) eines Seminars zur Politischen Ökologie durch theoretische Beiträge und praktische Erkundungen. Sie richteten einen kritischen Blick auf das Vorfindliche, das als Natur im weiteren Sinne identifiziert werden
kann, um historische und funktionale Bezüge erkennbar zu machen.
Putting a price tag on emissions and resources: An economist’s view on policy interventions for intergenerational fairness and sustainability
Authors: Stephan Gunter
Published: December 2020

Modern economies are confronted with major problems: the exhaustion of natural resources, the degradation of the environment and the financing of the needs of an aging population ‐ all challenge the welfare of both present and future generations. This paper discusses a proposal
which is designed to bring about a double dividend. On the one hand, a virgin resource tax could stimulate the reduction of natural resource use by making sustainable technologies economically profitable. On the other hand, it could provide a way to finance the pension system.
Foreword
Authors: Deardorff Darla K.
Published: December 2020

This publication on virtual exchange is incredibly timely, coming as it
does during the pandemic, when universities are increasingly turning to
virtual exchange as a viable tool for intercultural learning, particularly
when travel and physical exchange are challenging to nearly impossible. The
chapters in this publication provide useful and vetted insights into how to
implement virtual exchange in practical and concrete ways, from using wikis
in online learning to developing mentor/learner relationships in Massive
Open Online Courses (MOOCs) to a web-based virtual exchange project. This
kind of practical information, grounded in research, is needed now more than
ever as universities turn to virtual exchange and online learning as a way
forward even in the post-pandemic world. Moreover, given that so much of the
intercultural literature is published in the Global North, these chapters
provide much-needed insights from uniquely Asia-Pacific
perspectives.
Introduction and overview
Authors: Hagley Eric , Wang Yi’an
Published: December 2020

The year 2020 will more than likely go down in history as a year many
terrible things happened. Yet in the field of education it will also go down
as a year in which educators had to overcome enormous hurdles, which they
did emphatically. Though never going to take the place of educators,
technology came to the fore in the field in 2020 and assisted educators to
carry on the incredible work they do. Schools were closed due to the
pandemic so education had to go online. It was due to this that Virtual
Exchange (VE) started to come of age too. When study abroad programs were so
badly affected by the pandemic, other options had to be entertained. When
language classes had to go online, teachers started to look outside of their
normal boxes. It was then they discovered VE was an option too. As more
people who had not seen it before saw that technology could be beneficial to
education, the options available showed themselves and the ones that were
truly useful flourished. VE was a chief one among them. It is timely then,
that this volume appears now.
Improving interactions between teachers and students in virtual exchanges
– a case of mentor/learner relationships in MOOCs
Authors: Draeger Jr Richard , Kulich Steve J.
Published: December 2020

Shanghai International Studies University has hosted an intercultural
Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) course for several years. Course
facilitators, mentors, and learners from all over the world are invited to
enroll in the class. However, conversations between mentors and learners
revealed that most were superficial. Thus, a pilot study was undertaken to
improve mentor and learner interactions undertaken. The main focus of the
research was to analyze the content of nine sustained conversations in the
MOOC. The threads were selected for analysis from the first, third, and
final week of the intercultural course. Initial analysis indicated responses
made within the same day, and even within the early hours of initial
postings, were conducive to sustained conversations. Within the discussion
section, several suggestions were given to improve online interactions
between mentors and learners. Training and orientation of mentors were
suggested. Mentors could be encouraged to use the MOOC’s notification system
to reply to the learner’s comments. With appropriate training, mentors might
be able to respond to the learner’s comments effectively. In the end, future
suggestions for research were given to assess further and improve
MOOCs.
Hydroponic Effectiveness of Kana Flower, Apu Wood and Coffee Grounds in Domestic Greywater Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Nurhidayanti Nisa , Ardiatma Dodit
Published: December 2020

Pelita Bangsa University is a developing private university in Bekasi Regency with an increasing number of students every year. The problem with the increasing number of students causes the domestic waste water produced to also increase. The purpose of this study was to determine the hydroponic effectiveness of Kana Flower and Apu wood and coffee grounds in reducing BOD, TSS, Oil and Fat of domestic greywater waste. The stages of the research method began with making activated charcoal from coffee grounds, taking wastewater samples, testing wastewater, acclimatizing plants, range finding tests, testing phytoreactors with activated carbon filters, and continuing with data analysis. The results of testing the parameters of domestic greywater waste with an activated carbon filter from coffee grounds for seven days obtained a final value of TSS <2.5 mg/l, BOD 23 mg/l, Oil and Fat of <0.1 mg/l, pH 7.61 and TDS of 286 ppm. The test results have met the quality standards for domestic wastewater according to the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number 68 of 2016. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the effectiveness of reducing the concentration of several parameters from the phytoremediation process with activated carbon filters from coffee grounds was a decrease in TSS of 98.20%, BOD 76.04%, oil and fat 0%, pH 0.39% and TDS 29.03%.
The Potential of Methane Gas as an Alternative Energy Source in Kebon Kongok Landfill
Authors: Abdullah Taufik , Hidayat Nur Rosman , Sholehah Hijriati
Published: December 2020

Waste management in West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Government focuses on two main things, namely the reduction and handling and providing of TPA which is still operated with an open dumping system. Application of an open system in TPA will cause many problems, including air pollution by methane gas and the greenhouse effect. This study aims to determine the potential methane gas content of the Kebon Kongok landfill as an alternative energy source by modelling using LandGEM. The data in this study consisted of the year of the TPA operation plan and the annual data on the waste generation of TPA. The results showed that the potential content of methane gas was 12,999,633.62 m3/year, or equivalent to 14,520.88 MWh/year, in the form of gas as much as 9,966.38 Megagrams of LPG/ year. Therefore, the Kebon Kongok TPA has the potential to be used as a power plant fuelled by methane gas and facilitates electricity connections for the surrounding community because when compared to other existing renewable energy plants in the Lombok Electricity System, the capacity of 1.66 Megawatts was already  equivalent to the power generation  capacity which are already operating commercially.
Языковая игра с именами собственными в газетном заголовке
Authors: Iermachkova Olga
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of language game in journalistic title. Particular attention is paid to proper names (anthroponyms, toponyms, etc.), which have become the material for the formation of game titles in the print media. The purpose of the article is to determine the most productive class of proper nouns, as well as the most popular method for creating a game headline in the Russian printed edition “Kommersant” for 2019-2020.
Комикс в коммуникативной практике современного читателя
Authors: Shirokostup Victoria
Published: December 2020

This article describes the main concepts associated with the study of comics as a modern source of information, examines its specifics, types. The results of the practical part of the research are also summarized.