bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metastatic renal extraskeletal osteosarcoma in a dog: Clinical presentation, CT features and the role of ALP cytochemical staining for diagnosis
Authors: Garcia Mariona R. , Gomes Barbara , Irvine Katherine , Rosa Chantal
Published: July 2023

A 7‐year‐old beagle dog referred for investigations of haematuria was diagnosed with an amorphous mineralised mass of the right kidney and distant metastasis to several muscles, lymph nodes, interventricular septum, diaphragm and pulmonary parenchyma. Cytological examination of ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspirates taken from the right renal mass, right perineum nodule and abdominal wall nodules diagnosed a sarcoma with osteoblastic differentiation. Alkaline phosphatase cytochemical staining was performed on the slides from the renal aspirate and supported the diagnosis of an osteosarcoma. Due to the poor prognosis and extensive metastatic disease, the dog was euthanased. Computed tomography characteristics are described, as well as the use of alkaline phosphatase cytochemical staining, for diagnosis of extraskeletal osteosarcomas in dogs.
The development of a hydrogeological conceptual model of groundwater and surface water flows in the Silala River Basin
Authors: Peach Denis , Taylor Adam
Published: July 2023

From 1999 a dispute between Bolivia and Chile concerning the status and use of the Silala River developed. In 2016 it was taken before the International Court of Justice. Over time, a key disagreement between the parties emerged, concerning artificial channels in the headwater wetlands of the Silala River in Bolivia and their impact on the river and groundwater discharge from Bolivia to Chile. To quantify this, a numerical groundwater model was developed by Chile, requiring a hydrogeological conceptual model of the Silala River Basin, reviewed here. This focussed on understanding the groundwater system and its interactions with the Silala River. The data and information used to gain this understanding included geological mapping, drilling, satellite imagery interpretation, geophysical surveys, hydrogeochemical analyses, groundwater level monitoring, surface flow monitoring, and groundwater pumping tests. These were focussed along the course of the river and wetlands. A three‐dimensional geological model of the Silala Basin was based on these investigations. The groundwater model area covers the topographic catchment, plus three adjacent closed (endorheic) topographical catchments to the northeast, which together form the groundwater catchment of the Silala River. The main deep regional aquifer is found in ignimbrite pyroclastic rocks and an interbedded alluvial deposit, but secondary perched aquifers on the flanks of the Silala River ravine contribute to the complexity. Although uncertainty remains, the hydrogeological conceptual model describes the main observed features of the system in a scientifically sound and coherent manner, with appropriate detail to support a credible numerical model.

This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes

Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
The New Socialist Citizen and ‘Forgetting’ Authoritarianism: Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis, and Revolution in Socialist Yugoslavia
Authors: Antic Ana
Published: July 2023

This chapter explores the importance of revolution and ideas of radical reform for the development of socialist psychiatry, focusing on the case of post-1945 Yugoslavia. It looks at how the experience of social and political revolution transformed the clinical practice and intellectual frameworks of Yugoslavia’s ‘psy’ disciplines but also how the concept of revolution and reform was worked into psychiatric theories and initiatives. Following the Second World War, Yugoslav psychiatrists’ theorisation of the interplay between broader societal influences and individual psyche developed in a direction much more radical than mainstream social psychiatry in western Europe had ever seen. At the same time, in addition to reshaping psychiatry, the revolution became one of its central themes, and Yugoslav psychiatry dedicated significant efforts to describing, interpreting, and treating psychological consequences of the socialist revolution.
Moving Beyond Policy on Digital Transformation: Perceptions of Digital Transformation of Teaching by Academic Staff and Students
Authors: Solberg Espen , Tømte Cathrine E.
Published: July 2023

The Norwegian government has played an active role in promoting digital transformation of higher education institutions (HEI), through national strategies, steering and funding as well as various types of support and coordination. Yet, delays have been observed between national ambitions and the take-up of digital technology in teaching and learning practices. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced a shock and a potential trigger for this transformation. In this chapter, we study the nature of the digital transformation of teaching and learning during the first phase of COVID-19 pandemic (spring 2020). The analysis is based on data from a large-scale survey among students and academic staff in Norwegian HEIs. Findings suggest a steep learning curve among faculty staff, guided by trial and error and a strong element of peer learning. We also observe multiple approaches towards online teaching, in line with the so-called emergency remote online teaching concept. As for the future “post-COVID” development, both students and staff seem to prefer campus-based teaching, yet they are positive towards adding more elements of digital resources to teaching. The implications of the findings are further discussed in relation to the ongoing policy debates on the future direction of digital higher education in Norway.
An assessment of the contact rates between individuals when movement is modelled by a correlated random walk
Authors: Bailey Joseph D.
Published: July 2023

Understanding how individuals come into contact with each other is important in many fields from biology and ecology to robotics and physics. Interaction dynamics are central in understanding how information is spread between agents, how disease spreads through a population, and how group movement or behaviour occurs. However, in many applications, the underlying mode of movement is not considered, and instead, contacts are considered a fraction of all possible contacts amongst a population. This gives rise to the mass-action law which in turn implies a negative quadratic relationship between contacts and individuals. Here we consider how a simple but often used movement model, the correlated random walk, affects the contact rate in a standard Susceptible-Infection (SI) epidemiological model. Via extensive simulation, we show that the contact rate is not always well described by the assumed negative quadratic relationship,$$I(N-I)$$I(N-I)(where$$I$$Iis the number of infected at a given time and$$N$$Nthe total number of individuals). Instead, we find that a contact rate proportional to$${\left[I(N-I)\right]}^{\alpha }$$I(N-I)αwith$$0<\alpha \le 1$$0<α≤1is a better qualitative fit, where$$\alpha$$αdepends upon parameters such as the straightness of the movement and the density of individuals. We highlight that the expected contacts at low densities increase with straight line movement, whereas, at high densities, they increase with more random movement.
Semi-classical Analysis Around Local Maxima and Saddle Points for Degenerate Nonlinear Choquard Equations
Authors: Cingolani Silvia , Tanaka Kazunaga
Published: July 2023

We study existence of semi-classical states for the nonlinear Choquard equation: $$\begin{aligned} -\varepsilon ^2\Delta v+ V(x)v = {1\over \varepsilon ^\alpha }(I_\alpha *F(v))f(v) \quad \text {in}\ {\mathbb {R}}^N, \end{aligned}$$

-

ε
2

Δ
v
+
V

(
x
)

v
=

1

ε
α

(

I
α

∗
F

(
v
)

)

f

(
v
)

in

R

N

,

where $$N\ge 3$$

N
≥
3

, $$\alpha \in (0,N)$$

α
∈
(
0
,
N
)

, $$I_\alpha (x)=A_\alpha /|{x}|^{N-\alpha }$$

I
α

(
x
)

=

A
α

/

|
x
|

N
-
α

is the Riesz potential, $$F\in C^1({\mathbb {R}},{\mathbb {R}})$$

F
∈

C
1

(
R
,
R
)

, $$F'(s)=f(s)$$

F
′

(
s
)

=
f

(
s
)

and $$\varepsilon >0$$

ε
>
0

is a small parameter. We develop a new variational approach, in which our deformation flow is generated through a flow in an augmented space to get a suitable compactness property and to reflect the properties of the potential. Furthermore our flow keeps the size of the tails of the function small and it enables us to find a critical point without introducing a penalization term. We show the existence of a family of solutions concentrating to a local maximum or a saddle point of $$V(x)\in C^N({\mathbb {R}}^N,{\mathbb {R}})$$

V

(
x
)

∈

C
N

(

R

N

,
R
)

under general conditions on F(s). Our results extend the results by Moroz and Van Schaftingen (Calc Var Partial Differ Equ 52:199–235, 2015) for local minima (see also Cingolani and Tanaka (Rev Mat Iberoam 35(6):1885–1924, 2019)) and Wei and Winter (J Math Phys 50:012905, 2009) for non-degenerate critical points of the potential.
Extensions and variations of Andrews–Merca identities
Authors: Nyirenda Darlison , Mugwangwavari Beaullah
Published: July 2023

Recently, Andrews and Merca have given a new combinatorial interpretation of the total number of even parts in all partitions ofninto distinct parts. We generalise this result and consider many more variations of their work. We also highlight some connections with the work of Fu and Tang.
TheFamaof the Theatre of Pompey between Antiquity and Antiquarianism
Authors: Muecke Frances
Published: July 2023

This article shows how, from the time of its construction up until late antiquity and beyond, written sources reflected and perpetuated thefamaof Pompey's theatre. Such was its reputation as the Roman theatrepar excellencethat, even after its absorption into the fabric of medieval Rome, in the earlier fifteenth century Italian proto-antiquarians were prompted by what they had read to attempt to locate it. A key figure in the process of sifting and applying the ancient sources was Biondo Flavio (1392–1463). Roughly contemporary with the early stages of Alberti'sDe re aedificatoria, but probably preceding the blueprint of the Roman theatre in that work, Biondo's pioneering ‘theatre-made-of-words’ in hisRoma instauratapresented a newly accurate understanding of its structure and use (clearly distinguishing it from the amphitheatre) which proved influential in inspiring further topographical and antiquarian interest and research in the early sixteenth century.
Excavations at Sabratha, 1948–1951: the small finds
Authors: Allason-Jones Lindsay , Greep Stephen
Published: July 2023

The small finds discovered during the 1948–1951 excavations by Katherine M. Kenyon and John B. Ward-Perkins at Sabratha were scattered after the 1950s and have taken some time to be re-assembled. The following report on the small objects includes material in silver, copper alloy, iron, lead, glass, semiprecious stones, clay and stone, with a separate report on the substantial bone artefact assemblage. As well as providing the basic data on the objects, some of which are unique to Roman Libya, efforts have been made to put them into their Empire-wide context.
Choice of slavery institutions in Ancient Greece: Athenian chattels and Spartan helots
Authors: Tridimas George
Published: July 2023

The ancient Greek city-states were slave societies, but the institutions of slavery differed across them. The slaves of democratic Athens were foreigners bought as chattels labouring in agriculture, craftsmanship, banking, mining, and domestic services and were often given some limited freedoms and extra pay. On the contrary, the helots, the slaves of oligarchic Sparta, were indigenous of the lands they cultivated for their masters and were treated harshly. The study offers an economic explanation of the different slavery systems. Modelling the slaveholder as a profit maximiser, it attributes the different systems to differences in the probabilities of the slaves running away or revolting, the dependence of output on effort-intensive or care-intensive production technology, which depends on the fertility of the soil and affects whether the slave is treated kindly instead of harshly, and the cost of guarding slaves under different regimes.
Stepwise pathway for early evolutionary assembly of dissimilatory sulfite and sulfate reduction
Authors: Neukirchen Sinje , Pereira Inês A C , Sousa Filipa L
Published: July 2023

Microbial dissimilatory sulfur metabolism utilizing dissimilatory sulfite reductases (Dsr) influenced the biochemical sulfur cycle during Earth’s history and the Dsr pathway is thought to be an ancient metabolic process. Here we performed comparative genomics, phylogenetic, and synteny analyses of several Dsr proteins involved in or associated with the Dsr pathway across over 195,000 prokaryotic metagenomes. The results point to an archaeal origin of the minimal DsrABCMK(N) protein set, having as primordial function sulfite reduction. The acquisition of additional Dsr proteins (DsrJOPT) increased the Dsr pathway complexity. Archaeoglobus would originally possess the archaeal-type Dsr pathway and the archaeal DsrAB proteins were replaced with the bacterial reductive-type version, possibly at the same time as the acquisition of the QmoABC and DsrD proteins. Further inventions of two Qmo complex types, which are more spread than previously thought, allowed microorganisms to use sulfate as electron acceptor. The ability to use the Dsr pathway for sulfur oxidation evolved at least twice, with Chlorobi and Proteobacteria being extant descendants of these two independent adaptations.
Fast gradient algorithm for complex ICA and its application to the MIMO systems
Authors: Mika Dariusz
Published: July 2023

This paper proposes a new gradient-descent algorithm for complex independent component analysis and presents its application to the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output communication systems. Algorithm uses the Lie structure of optimization landscape and toral decomposition of gradient matrix. The theoretical results are validated by computer simulation and compared to several classes of algorithms, gradient descent, quasi-Newton as well as complex JADE. The simulations performed showed excellent results of the algorithm in terms of speed, stability of operation and the quality of separation. A characteristic feature of gradient methods is their quick response to changes in the input signal. The good results of the proposed algorithm indicate potential use in on-line applications.
Segmentation of interconnected power systems considering microgrids and the uncertainty of renewable energy sources
Authors: Amini Badr Arman , Safari Amin , Najafi Ravadanegh Sajad
Published: July 2023

This paper proposes an approach for segmentation of power systems to prevent uncontrolled islanding. With the development of microgrids (MGs) and increased penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in the power system, it is necessary to consider the effect of MGs and the stochastic behaviour of RESs in the controlled islanding process. First, the enormous search space for finding the boundary points is reduced by the clustering of the coherent generators and the buses which are placed in sections that cannot be separated from the coherent groups. Then, linear AC power flow is defined as a sub‐problem and solved by linear programming to satisfy the power system and MG constraints. In this step, an optimization model is defined, and a mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP)‐based model is suggested to find cut‐sets and islands arrangement with reduced load shedding. In view of the fact that the fluctuation of RESs may have the significant effects on the power imbalance, to cover the uncertainties a scenario based stochastic simulation is considered. Finally, the effect of uncertainties on cut‐sets and load curtailment is evaluated. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated by the simulation on the test system.
Multimicrogrid collaborative economic scheduling method based on the FISCO BCOS blockchain
Authors: Wang Guilan , Yang Jingzheng , Di Jian , Zang Qiqi , Zhou Guoliang
Published: July 2023

With the advancement of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, microgrid clusters have attracted widespread attention due to their high stability and energy efficiency. This article proposes a scheduling architecture for microgrid clusters that integrates blockchain smart contracts, consensus mechanisms, and encryption technologies to address the issues of data trust, privacy protection, and security reliability in microgrid clusters. An economic adjustment model for microgrid clusters is constructed that combines economic and environmental objectives. Finally, based on the RPBFT (Rotating Proof of Believability) algorithm and group architecture of FISCO BCOS blockchain technology, an economic scheduling method for microgrid clusters is designed. The authors built a microgrid cluster model on the FISCO BCOS blockchain platform and conducted experiments on the effectiveness, economy, fault tolerance, and scalability of economic scheduling methods. The experimental results showed that the economic scheduling method proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the risk of nodes tampering with data in a microgrid cluster system, ensure the privacy of submicrogrids, and support the deployment of large‐scale microgrid clusters, the realization of multiparty collaborative autonomy and the stable, low‐carbon, economic operation of microgrid clusters.
Improved wavelet prediction superresolution reconstruction based on U‐Net
Authors: Cao Jianfang , Chen Zeyu , Cui Hongyan , Ji Xiaofei , Wang Xianhui , Liang Yunchuan , Tian Yun
Published: July 2023

Deep learning can be used to achieve single‐image superresolution (SR) reconstruction. To address problems encountered during this process, such as the number of network parameters, high training requirements on equipment performance, and inability to downsample certain SR images accurately, an image SR reconstruction algorithm based on deep residual network optimization is proposed. The model introduces wavelet transforms based on the original U‐Net, where the U‐Net is trained to obtain SR wavelet feature images at multiple scales simultaneously. This approach reduces the mapping space for the network to learn low‐ to high‐resolution image mapping, which in turn reduces the training difficulty of the model. In terms of network details, the inverse wavelet transform is used in image upsampling to enhance the sparsity of the reconstruction layer in the original network. The network structure of the U‐Net upsampling is adjusted slightly to enable the network to distinguish wavelet images from feature images, thereby improving the richness of the features extracted by the model. The experimental results show that the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) of the fourfold SR model is 32.35 and 28.68 on the Set5 and Set14 validation sets, respectively. Compared with networks that use wavelet prediction mechanisms, such as the deep wavelet prediction SR (DWSR) and deep wavelet prediction‐based residual SR (DWRSR) models, the PSNR for all the tested public datasets is improved by 0.5. The method yields superior results in terms of both visual effect and PSNR, demonstrating the feasibility of the wavelet prediction mechanism in SR reconstruction and thus offering application value and research significance.
Solving blockchain trilemma using off‐chain storage protocol
Authors: Reno Saha , Haque Md. Mokammel
Published: July 2023

Trilemma in blockchain refers to the infamous problem of simultaneously not delivering the three critical aspects of a ledger: security, scalability, and decentralisation. While security and scalability hinder decentralisation, security is jeopardised if the scalability is escalated. This deficiency of not maintaining a balance among these three crucial factors restricts the broader adoption of blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies in the industries. This paper proposes a solution to the blockchain trilemma by implementing a public ledger using The InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) and a newly introduced strategy called the double‐chain technique. The scalability and decentralisation features are guaranteed by the distributed file system of IPFS and the public nature of the blockchain suggested in this study. Although any consensus can be plugged into our system, the proof‐of‐work consensus is utilised to ensure that the security is not compromised while stabilising scalability and decentralisation.
Distributed dynamic event‐triggered control for resilience‐oriented current sharing in microgrid
Authors: Jing Guoxiu , Liu Junqi , Zhao Tianyang , Huang Bonan , Wang Rui
Published: July 2023

Distributed dynamic event‐triggered control (ETC) method is proposed to solve the stochastic and intermittent problem caused by distributed renewable energy generation unit (DG) in microgrid (MG). It aims at reducing communication cost while achieving proportional current sharing among DGs. Firstly, the state space function model of the MG system is established, considering the unknown disturbance caused by DGs and the uncertainty caused by the constant power load (CPL). Also, the system model is transformed into the standard linear heterogeneous multiagent systems (LHMAS). Subsequently, the distributed dynamic ETC method with consensus algorithm is proposed to achieve proportional current sharing among DGs. Compared with conventional ETC approaches, the authors’ method is based on directed topology, which reduces the controller updating frequency and the communication frequency among DGs. At the same time, the Zeno behaviour can be avoided. Additionally, the authors’ method is much easier to be implemented, which can also handle the uncertain loads and CPLs. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Choice and impact of frequency increment in direct digital synthesiser (DDS)‐based linear FMCW radar
Authors: Brennan Paul Victor , Lok Lai Bun
Published: July 2023

FMCW radar is a popular technique for radar sensors. A Direct Digital Synthesiser (DDS) is commonly used to generate the required linear frequency sweep. DDS devices are widely‐available and easy to configure in terms of the key radar parameters of sweep bandwidth and pulse duration. They generate a step‐approximation to a linear frequency sweep for which the frequency increment parameter also needs to be defined. However, there is little information available in the literature to guide radar designers on the choice of this parameter. As a result, most designs are based on an empirical estimate of the DDS frequency increment. The aim is to provide an analytic basis and design rules for the choice of this parameter. Two principal types of FMCW radar (direct sampling and deramp) are studied to determine the effect on the range profile of the finite DDS frequency increment. It is shown that a set of spurs appears around each target response. Analytic expressions are derived to quantify the amplitude and distribution of these spurs from which simple design rules are presented to allow an informed choice of DDS frequency increment. These analytic results are convincingly validated using numerical simulations and experimental measurements.
Forecasting small-scale dynamics of fluid turbulence using deep neural networks
Authors: Buaria Dhawal , Sreenivasan Katepalli R.
Published: July 2023

Turbulence in fluid flows is characterized by a wide range of interacting scales. Since the scale range increases as some power of the flow Reynolds number, a faithful simulation of the entire scale range is prohibitively expensive at high Reynolds numbers. The most expensive aspect concerns the small-scale motions; thus, major emphasis is placed on understanding and modeling them, taking advantage of their putative universality. In this work, using physics-informed deep learning methods, we present a modeling framework to capture and predict the small-scale dynamics of turbulence, via the velocity gradient tensor. The model is based on obtaining functional closures for the pressure Hessian and viscous Laplacian contributions as functions of velocity gradient tensor. This task is accomplished using deep neural networks that are consistent with physical constraints and explicitly incorporate Reynolds number dependence to account for small-scale intermittency. We then utilize a massive direct numerical simulation database, spanning two orders of magnitude in the large-scale Reynolds number, for training and validation. The model learns from low to moderate Reynolds numbers and successfully predicts velocity gradient statistics at both seen and higher (unseen) Reynolds numbers. The success of our present approach demonstrates the viability of deep learning over traditional modeling approaches in capturing and predicting small-scale features of turbulence.
On
q,ω
-differential transform method
Authors: Hıra Fatma
Published: July 2023

In this study, the differential transform method (DTM) associated with the Hahn difference operator (

D

q
,
ω

)

has been examined. The definitions and theorems of the one and two-dimensional

q
,
ω

-DTM are introduced. Then, the presented

q
,
ω

-DTMs are applied to obtain the analytical or approximation solution of linear or non-linear

q
,
ω

-initial value problems consisting of the

q
,
ω

-ordinary or

q
,
ω

-partial differential equation.
Shor–Laflamme distributions of graph states and noise robustness of entanglement
Authors: Miller Daniel , Loss Daniel , Tavernelli Ivano , Kampermann Hermann , Bruß Dagmar , Wyderka Nikolai
Published: July 2023

The Shor–Laflamme distribution (SLD) of a quantum state is a collection of local unitary invariants that quantify k-body correlations. We show that the SLD of graph states can be derived by solving a graph-theoretical problem. In this way, the mean and variance of the SLD are obtained as simple functions of efficiently computable graph properties. Furthermore, this formulation enables us to derive closed expressions of SLDs for some graph state families. For cluster states, we observe that the SLD is very similar to a binomial distribution, and we argue that this property is typical for graph states in general. Finally, we derive an SLD-based entanglement criterion from the purity criterion and apply it to derive meaningful noise thresholds for entanglement. Our new entanglement criterion is easy to use and also applies to the case of higher-dimensional qudits. In the bigger picture, our results foster the understanding both of quantum error-correcting codes, where a closely related notion of SLDs plays an important role, and of the geometry of quantum states, where SLDs are known as sector length distributions.
Zig-zag-matrix algebras and solvable quasi-Hermitian quantum models
Authors: Znojil Miloslav
Published: July 2023

In quantum mechanics of unitary systems using non-Hermitian (or, more precisely, Θ-quasi-Hermitian) Hamiltonians H such that

H
†

Θ
=
Θ
H

, the exactly solvable M-level bound-state models with arbitrary

M
⩽
∞

are rare. A new class of such models is proposed here, therefore. Its exact algebraic solvability (involving not only the closed formulae for wave functions but also the explicit description of all of the eligible metrics Θ) was achieved due to an extremely sparse (viz., just

(
2
M
−
1
)

-parametric) but still nontrivial ‘zig-zag-matrix’ choice of the form of H.
Extreme value statistics and Arcsine laws of Brownian motion in the presence of a permeable barrier
Authors: Kay Toby , Giuggioli Luca
Published: July 2023

The Arcsine laws of Brownian motion are a collection of results describing three different statistical quantities of one-dimensional Brownian motion: the time at which the process reaches its maximum position, the total time the process spends in the positive half-space and the time at which the process crosses the origin for the last time. Remarkably the cumulative probabilities of these three observables all follow the same distribution, the Arcsine distribution. But in real systems, space is often heterogeneous, and these laws are likely to hold no longer. In this paper we explore such a scenario and study how the presence of a spatial heterogeneity alters these Arcsine laws. Specifically we consider the case of a thin permeable barrier, which is often employed to represent diffusion impeding heterogeneities in physical and biological systems such as multilayer electrodes, electrical gap junctions, cell membranes and fragmentation in the landscape for dispersing animals. Using the Feynman–Kac formalism and path decomposition techniques we are able to find the exact time-dependence of the probability distribution of the three statistical quantities of interest. We show that a permeable barrier has a large impact on these distributions at short times, but this impact is less influential as time becomes long. In particular, the presence of a barrier means that the three distributions are no longer identical with symmetry about their means being broken. We also study a closely related statistical quantity, namely, the distribution of the maximum displacement of a Brownian particle and show that it deviates significantly from the usual half-Gaussian form.
Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Green Roof Slab Under Acid Rain Attack
Authors: Ahmad Irma Aswani , Pertiwi Nurlita , Taufieq Nur Anny Suryaningsih
Published: July 2023

A flat slab is widely used as an alternative form of a house roof. The roof work does not take long. Its simple structure is beautiful to homeowners with a minimalist concept. Because this slab does not use a roof covering, it is very susceptible to the influence of the sea. Damage often occurs. Acid rain causes the concrete to become porous as slab material. This investigation aims to produce a durable roof slab to solve existing problems. The test object used was a reinforced concrete slab of 30cmx60cmx15cm. Three types of compressive strength were used, namely 20 MPa, 30 MPa, and 35 MPa. At the same time, the green concrete concept is used by replacing some of the cement with rice husk ash. The effect of acid rain was carried out by immersing the specimens in an acid solution for 28 days, 90 days, and 120 days. All samples were tested for flexural strength for their mechanical properties and XRD for microstructural properties. The results show that the roof slab with rice husk ash can reduce the damage that occurs due to the influence of acid. At the same time, gypsum and calcium oxide content can show the phenomenon of slab damage.
The Evaluation of Equivalent Axle Load Equation Based on Deflection Value before and after Overlay Flexible Pavement
Authors: Prastyanto Catur Arif , Hidayat Andi Sahrul
Published: July 2023

Some of the factors causing early damage to Indonesia’s flexible pavement system in Indonesia were allegedly caused by several things, including the Equivalent axle load (EAL) equation incompatible with Indonesia’s situation where most heavy vehicles carry overloaded loads. One effort that can be done to avoid severe damage to the road is overlaid pavement. It is suspected that the overlay on the flexible pavement will affect the shape of the EAL equation. This paper will discuss the EAL equation before and after the flexible pavement is overlaid by measuring the pavement deflection’s value using a falling weight deflectometer (FWD). The data obtained in the form of pavement deflection value is then analyzed using the regression analysis method with the permanent deformation theory approach. From the research analysis, it is obtained that the power rank value for applying the maximum load limit regulation and the type tandem axle dual wheel (TADW) shall follow determined EAL before and after overlay to the type single axle dual wheel (SADW).
Factors that Affect Changes in Land Use and its Implications in Spatial Control in the Sungguminasa Urban Area
Authors: Taking Muh. Idris
Published: July 2023

Sungguminasa Urban Area, as the capital of the Gowa Regency, is one of the urban areas included in the Mamminasata national strategic area. It also an urban area that has the same characteristics in the concept of Extended Metropolitan Regions (EMR) in which area a corridor is a path that connects the two major cities, therefore on further developments in the whole hall is experiencing transform spatial, economic, social, and cultural information, resulting in a very significant regional transformation from rural to urban. Research conducted to identify the factors that cause changes in the utilization of space in urban areas Sungguminasa, to assess the implementation of the utilization of space which is associated in the process of controlling the utilization of space in urban areas Sungguminasa, so this research can formulate the implications that need attention in the future to make the product spatial use planning and spatial use control processes can run more effectively. Descriptive analysis is used to describe the study areas related to changes in land use under the data obtained subsequent classified into in the form of tables and maps, while to assess the process of controlling the use of space can be accomplished through a structured interview to evaluate the implementation of the utilization of space-related processes controlling the use of space. The results of this study indicate that factors that cause land-use changes still influenced by economic factors (land prices), social factors (characteristics of the owner of the land), physical factors (accessibility and hydrology), and policy factors (licensing), so it has implications for the process controlling the use of space.
Development of Trivalent Samarium Ion-Doped Barium Fluoroborotellurite Glasses for Solid-State Lighting and Scintillation Material
Authors: Yuliantini L. , Djamal M. , Hidayat R. , Boonin K. , Yasaka P. , Kaewkhao J.
Published: July 2023

In this research we developed Sm3+ ion-doped fluoroborotellurite with formula 30B2O3-(30-x)TeO2-10ZnF2-30BaO-xSm2O3 where x = 0.0; 0.05; 0.1; 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 mol%. They developed using the melt-quenching technique. The raw material is melted at 1150°C for 1 hour 30 minutes and annealed at 500°C for 1 hour 30 minutes. The optimum concentration was found at 1.0 mol% of Sm3+ ion in the glass system. Their physical, optical, photoluminescence properties and lifetime were observed. The absorption spectra show strong absorption peaks at 1232 nm due to 6H5/2→6F7/2 transition. The photoluminescence properties show a strong emission at 600 nm under λex=403 nm because of 4G5/2→6H7/2 transition. The CIE 1931 coordinate confirms the orange emission color with 81% efficiency (η). From all results, we can summarize that our glass sample can be developed as a solid-state lighting source in the orange region.
A Boiler Feed Pump Speed Control to Reduce Its Own Power Consumption According to Pump Affinity Law
Authors: Indrawan Andi Wawan , Purwito  , Ashar AR , Sultan Ahmad Rizal , Imanulloh Setio
Published: July 2023

The change in water flow required at the BFP pump at the Barru Power Plant is only regulated by a valve located on the pressure side, causing excess power consumption and its own power consumption. One effort to save energy usage is to make frequency adjustments that refer to the right pressure and water flow. To determine the effect of frequency adjustments on the expected pump pressure, a simulation of frequency inverter modeling is performed using the SPWM switching method based on the pump affinity law using Matlab application software. The simulation results obtained that by adjusting the frequency range of the inverter from 45.5 Hz to 50 Hz and keeping the pump pressure above the minimum limit of 13.2 MPa, the operating power savings of the BFP motor are obtained from 46 kW to 378 kW.
Jurassic NLR: Conserved and dynamic evolutionary features of the atypically ancient immune receptor ZAR1
Authors: Adachi Hiroaki , Sakai Toshiyuki , Kourelis Jiorgos , Pai Hsuan , Gonzalez Hernandez Jose L , Utsumi Yoshinori , Seki Motoaki , Maqbool Abbas , Kamoun Sophien
Published: July 2023

Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors generally exhibit hallmarks of rapid evolution, even at the intraspecific level. We used iterative sequence similarity searches coupled with phylogenetic analyses to reconstruct the evolutionary history of HOPZ-ACTIVATED RESISTANCE1 (ZAR1), an atypically conserved NLR that traces its origin to early flowering plant lineages ∼220 to 150 million yrs ago (Jurassic period). We discovered 120 ZAR1 orthologs in 88 species, including the monocot Colocasia esculenta, the magnoliid Cinnamomum micranthum, and most eudicots, notably the Ranunculales species Aquilegia coerulea, which is outside the core eudicots. Ortholog sequence analyses revealed highly conserved features of ZAR1, including regions for pathogen effector recognition and cell death activation. We functionally reconstructed the cell death activity of ZAR1 and its partner receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) from distantly related plant species, experimentally validating the hypothesis that ZAR1 evolved to partner with RLCKs early in its evolution. In addition, ZAR1 acquired novel molecular features. In cassava (Manihot esculenta) and cotton (Gossypium spp.), ZAR1 carries a C-terminal thioredoxin-like domain, and in several taxa, ZAR1 duplicated into 2 paralog families, which underwent distinct evolutionary paths. ZAR1 stands out among angiosperm NLR genes for having experienced relatively limited duplication and expansion throughout its deep evolutionary history. Nonetheless, ZAR1 also gave rise to noncanonical NLRs with integrated domains and degenerated molecular features.
Rapid and Visual Detection of Actinidia Chlorotic Ringspot-Associated Virus Using One-Step Reverse-Transcription Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Combined with Lateral Flow Dipstick Assay
Authors: Zhang A-Ling , Shi Xia , Xie Cuijuan , Yu Feng , Gao Zhixiong , Xu Yan , Liu Zhande
Published: July 2023

Actinidia chlorotic ringspot-associated virus (AcCRaV) occurs widely in major kiwifruit producing areas of China and is often accompanied by coinfecting viruses, affecting the growth, yield, and quality of kiwifruit. Therefore, a rapid and sensitive detection method is crucial for diagnosing and developing effective AcCRaV management strategies. In this study, a one-step reverse-transcription recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick (RT-RPA-LFD) assay was developed for rapid detection of AcCRaV. Specific primers and a probe were designed based on the conserved region of the coat protein gene sequence of AcCRaV. The one-step RT-RPA reaction can be performed at 35 and 40°C within 10 to 30 min, and the amplification results can be read directly on the LFD within 5 min. The detection limit of the one-step RT-RPA-LFD assay was 10−8 ng (about 20 viral copies), which was equal with one-step RT-qPCR and 100 times more sensitive than one-step RT-PCR. Moreover, the one-step RT-RPA-LFD assay was successfully applied to detect AcCRaV from crude extracts, and the entire detection process can be completed within 40 min. These results indicate that the RT-RPA-LFD assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive strategy that can be used for accurate diagnosis of AcCRaV-infected kiwifruit plants in the field. To our knowledge, this is the first study applying the one-step RT-RPA-LFD assay to detect a kiwifruit virus.
Population Genetic Structure of the Rubber Tree Powdery Mildew Pathogen (Erysiphe quercicola) from China
Authors: Cao Xueren , Han Qiaohui , Xiao Ying , He Junjun , Chuan Xiangxian , Jiang Guizhi , West Jonathan S. , Xu Xiangming
Published: July 2023

In order to manage agricultural pathogens, it is crucial to understand the population structure underlying epidemics. Rubber tree powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe quercicola, is a serious threat to rubber plantations worldwide, especially in subtropical environments including all rubber tree-growing regions in China. However, the population structure of the pathogen is uncertain. In this study, 16 polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to genotype powdery mildew samples from the main rubber tree-growing regions including Yunnan (YN), Hainan (HN), western Guangdong (WG), and eastern Guangdong (EG). YN had higher genotypic diversity (Simpson’s indices), genotypic evenness, Nei’s gene diversity, allelic richness, and private allelic richness than the other regions. Cluster analysis, discriminant analysis of principal components, pairwise divergence, and shared multilocus genotype analyses all showed that YN differed significantly from the other regions. The genetic differentiation was small among the other three regions (HN, WG, and EG). Analysis of molecular variance indicated that the variability among regions accounted for 22.37% of the total variability. Genetic differentiation was significantly positively correlated (Rxy = 0.772, P = 0.001) with geographic distance. Linkage equilibrium analysis suggested possible occurrence of sexual recombination although asexual reproduction predominates in E. quercicola. The results suggested that although significant genetic differentiation of E. quercicola occurred between YN and the other regions, pathogen populations from the other three regions lacked genetic differentiation.
Colletotrichum nanjingense sp. nov. and C. gloeosporioides s.s. Causing Leaf Tip Blight on Jasminum mesnyi in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Authors: Li Hui , Wan Yu , Li De-Wei , Zhu Li-Hua
Published: July 2023

Jasminum mesnyi Hance is an important medicinal and ornamental plant. This species is native to South Central China and Vietnam and grows primarily in the subtropical biomes. In June 2022, 17 Colletotrichum strains were isolated from leaf tip blight on foliage of J. mesnyi in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. Based on morphological characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analyses of six genomic loci (ITS, CAL, ACT, TUB2, CHS-1, and GAPDH), a new species, namely, C. nanjingense, and a known species, namely, C. gloeosporioides s.s., were described and reported. Pathogenicity tests revealed that both species were pathogens causing leaf tip blight on J. mesnyi. The results provided necessary information for disease control and enhanced our understanding of the diversity of Colletotrichum species in China.
Attempts at anti-racist teaching by white English teachers of black students
Authors: Schuman Josephine G. , Reynolds Dan
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Research has documented how white teachers often fall short of their anti-racist intentions. However, much of this research is done with preservice teachers or teachers across disciplines. The authors investigate stories in which white English teachers who teach substantial proportions of black students and who self-reported anti-racist goals nevertheless fell short of those goals. The purpose of the study is to understand the tensions between racial liberalism and racial literacy in their pedagogy.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors snowball sampled 12 veteran white high school English teachers (3–27 years’ experience) who taught in schools with substantial proportions of black students. The authors used a two-stage interview process to narrow the sample to 7 teachers who confirmed their anti-racist intentions and who wrote narratives of moments when they tried to be anti-racist, but the lesson failed in some way. The authors used a three-stage narrative analysis to analyze how racial liberalism and racial literacy were reflected in the narratives.

Findings

The veteran English teachers, despite their anti-racist intentions, told narratives that reflected racial liberalism, portraying racism as an individual and interpersonal phenomenon. Some narratives showed teachers who had taken steps toward racial literacy, but no narratives showed a fully developed sense of racial literacy, portraying the layers of institutional and structural racism in English education.

Originality/value

The sample suggests that veteran white English teachers are subject to similar limited racial literacies as novice teachers. While the authors found glimmers of racial literacy, they still note the work necessary to equip veteran English teachers with the racial literacies necessary for anti-racist instruction. The authors propose directions for teacher education, systemic support and professional development.
CEO personal characteristics and firms’ risk-taking behaviour: the moderating role of family ownership
Authors: Amin Ali , Ali Rizwan , Ur Rehman Ramiz , Ntim Collins G.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impact of chief executive officers’ (CEOs’) personal characteristics on firms’ risk taking and the moderating role of family ownership on this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used 2,647 firm-year observations of non-financial firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange over the period 2013–2021. To test the hypotheses, the authors used ordinary least squares regression and, to resolve the possible endogeneity problem, the authors used system generalized method of moments technique.

Findings

Drawing insights first from upper echelons theory, the authors report that CEOs with business, economics, finance and/or management educational background and female CEOs reduce firms’ risk-taking behaviour. Further, using insights from social and organizational identity theoretical perspectives, the results indicate that due to strong family affiliation and organizational identity, family owners exhibit risk aversion behaviour and moderate this relationship.

Originality/value

This study provides novel evidence of risk averse behaviour of CEOs with business, economics, finance and/or management educational background and female CEOs along with moderating impact of family ownership on this relationship in an emerging economy. Overall, the results extend empirical support for upper echelons and social identity theories in an emerging market context.
Eyeballing internal auditors’ and the firms’ intention to adopt Metaverse technologies: case study in Indonesia
Authors: Hatane Saarce Elsye , Sondak Livia , Tarigan Josua , Kwistianus Hendri , Sany Sany
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to give broad insights into what components can significantly influence the adoption of Metaverse from the perspective of internal auditors and their firms in Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach

This research used primary data from questionnaires. Relying on the empirical view of 202 internal auditors in Indonesia, this research’s framework is executed using structural equation model. Company’s intention in adopting the Metaverse technology intervenes in the influence of perception of external control and usefulness on the internal auditor’s intention to adopt that technology.

Findings

The perception of external control and perceived usefulness of Metaverse significantly influenced the adoption intention of Metaverse by internal auditors and their firms in Indonesia. This paper is helpful for practitioners who would like to know what factors are needed to make the internal auditors in Indonesia able to adopt Metaverse.

Research limitations/implications

Results might be varied from country to country as each country has different technology development. Therefore, upcoming research can compare similar studies in another country. This paper can contribute to further empirical development for the theory of acceptance model of the third version. Many researchers use the theory to study advanced technology adoption intention.

Practical implications

The paper is also essential for future research and could enhance companies' knowledge about staying updated in the market with the advanced technology that keeps developing.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to an integrated view of the intention of internal auditors and firms in Indonesia to adopt Metaverse. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this topic is relatively new in Indonesia.