bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Writing Argumentative Essays: Jambi EFL Students' Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Ananda Chairani Resti , Mardiah Radiatan , Fajaryani Nunung
Published: December 2024

Argumentative writing is a genre of writing that is considered difficult by EFL students at the university level. This study aimed to investigate problems faced by EFL students in writing an argumentative essay and to explain their strategies to overcome the problems. The participants of this study were ten fifth-semester students of the 2023-2024 academic year at the English Education Study Program of a public university in Jambi, Indonesia. A qualitative research design with a case study approach was applied. A semi-structured interview was conducted to collect the main data, and document analysis was carried out to support it. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that problems faced by EFL students in writing an argumentative essay include: 1) argument development problems, such as generating and developing arguments, organizing or structuring arguments, creating an argumentative thesis statement, and a lack of counterclaim and refutation knowledge, and 2) research or source integration problems, such as finding supporting evidence and a lack of writing citation knowledge. Meanwhile, strategies used by EFL students to overcome the problems include 1) information acquisition strategies by reading a lot of sources, watching videos, and looking at essay examples, 2) technology utilization strategies by using AI applications, and 3) review and improvement strategies by re-checking and revision and asking for feedback.
Exploring English Literacy Learning at the First Grade of Elementary School
Authors: Razimona Rizka , Silvhiany Sary , Vianty Machdalena
Published: December 2024

Teaching English to first-grade elementary school children presents its own challenges for teachers. This is because children at this age have characteristics such as having a short attention span, enjoying playing, and learning more effectively when they are having fun. On the other hand, children in this group are still learning to read and write in the national language. The purpose of this research is to explore how English literacy learning is implemented, to find out the inhibiting and encouraging factors in implementing English literacy learning in first-grade elementary schools, and to find out strategies that can be used to overcome the factors that hinder the implementation of English literacy learning in the classroom. one elementary school. The design of this research is descriptive qualitative. The data sources in this research are first-grade elementary school English teachers, school students, and learning documents. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. Some of the results of this research are that teachers apply various methods in teaching, such as songs, drills, lectures, reading aloud, memorizing, and games. Among these learning strategies, songs are the most effective strategy for introducing English to children. The challenges faced are that children are very active, get bored quickly, and a small number of children do not read fluently. Factors that can support English literacy learning are adequate learning aids such as the use of pictures and parental involvement at home to repeat English lessons and practice them at home
Portraying Young Learners’ Language Learning Strategies: A Case Study from EFL Teachers’ Voices
Authors: Marsevani Maya , Micheline Slikker Gabriela , Lady Pratiwi Theodesia , Nugraha Hendra
Published: December 2024

This study aims to investigate how EFL teachers decide on and adapt teaching strategies for young learners in ELT classrooms and explore strategies teachers use to encourage independent language learning. The research was conducted as a case study in an academic English course in Batam and involved three experienced EFL teachers. Data collection methods included observation checklists, semi-structured interviews, and analysis of lesson plans. Descriptive analysis was applied to observation checklists and document reviews, while thematic analysis was used for interview data. The findings underscore the importance of flexible teaching methods that emphasize student engagement and align instructional activities with learning goals. They highlight the necessity of customizing teaching strategies to students' backgrounds and interests and efficiently utilizing classroom resources to promote active learning and enhance educational outcomes in EFL contexts, thereby fostering autonomous learning among students. In conclusion, effective EFL teaching involves integrating student engagement, active learning strategies, customized teaching approaches, and adequate classroom resources. The implications stress the importance of a holistic approach to EFL learning that prioritizes student engagement, active and independent learning, effective technology use, and continuous professional development for EFL teachers
THE MEANING OF PALLIATIVE CARE IN NURSING TEAMS :ABOUT DYING
Authors: ALVES DE SOUZA MARILZA
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: analizado el significado de los cuidados paliativos en los equipos de enfermería ,acerca de la muerte.Metodología: descriptivo y transversal con un abordaje cualitativo. Marco teórico: Los cuidados   paliativos (CP) son definidos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (2012), como un abordaje de cuidados que busca mejor calidad de vida parala persona y su familia, frente a los problemas de la enfermedad y del riesgo de vida, por medio de la prevención, minimización y alivio del sufrimiento. Muestra: 30 sujetos (25 mujeres y 5 hombres) integrantes del equipo de enfermería de cuidados paliativos. Se utilizó una estrategia de muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Resultados: Los enfermeros con especialización presentaban mayor fortaleza para cumplir con los cuidados paliativos. La narrativa principal giró en torno a la falta de preparación para esa tarea en particular. Esa falta de capacitación, en especial en los aspectos psicoeducativos      y emocionales redunda en una peor atención y una disminución del confort y calidad de vida del paciente terminal y del equipo de enfermería.
Breve Ensaio Crítico sobre o Sucesso Comercial das Ferramentas de Inteligência Artificial Generativa
Authors: Amado da Silva Valdir
Published: December 2024

A partir do lançamento do ChatGPT para livre utilização em dezembro de 2022, a disseminação de sistemas e aplicativos de Inteligência Artificial Generativa (IAG) ‘explodiu’, com literalmente bilhões de novos usuários dos cada vais mais recentes sistemas de IAG, na forma de chatbots que são incorporados a aplicativos, páginas e plataformas web, e mesmo hardwares voltados a utilizações diversas, que permitem interagir com o usuário na forma de conversas que simulam a interação humana, de uma maneira quase real, levando usuários de IAG tais como ChatGPT, Google, Alexa e outros a atribuir a estas ferramentas a elaboração das mais variadas tarefas de trabalho, residenciais, ou mesmo atividades escolares e acadêmicas. Este breve ensaio crítico tem por objetivo discutir aspectos diversos da Inteligência Artificial, conceituação, desenvolvimento, efeitos positivos, além de riscos, a partir de uma revisão de literatura recente.
WITHDRAWN: Restricted AP based Channel Estimation for Cell-Free Massive MIMO System
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Kumar Avinash , Yadav Ishwar Chandra
Published: December 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors while they make corrections to the work. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Assessing liver and iron markers in steady state paediatric SCD patients to ascertain the hepatic consequences of haemotransfusion: A case-control study in Ghana.
Authors: Sah John Agyemang , Sackey Benedict , Anto Enoch Odame , Ayirebi Allwell Adofo , Twumasi Stephen , Duneeh Richard Vikpebah , Senu Ebenezer , Barnor Veronica , Boakye David , Antonio Daniel Nii Martey , Boadu Wina Ivy Ofori
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims: Between 200,000 and 300,000 children with sickle cell disease are born in Africa every year, with 75–80% of these children living in sub-Saharan Africa. In newborns with sickle cell disease (SCD), significant iron accumulations may develop because of their increased risk of requiring multiple blood transfusions. Limited information is available regarding liver enzyme levels in Ghanaian children with sickle cell disease. This study aimed to assess the hepatic effects of haemotransfusion in paediatric sickle cell disease patients in steady state by measuring liver and iron markers.
Methods: This case-control research enrolled 129 children with SCD and 60 children without SCD from the Asokwa children hospital sickle cell clinic and child welfare clinic. Participants' information sociodemographic information, history of blood transfusion and Sickle cell genotype were thoroughly documented using a structured questionnaire and patient case records. Venous blood was drawn from each participant to evaluate serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05.
Result: Significant elevated serum iron, total iron binding capacity, ALT and GGT levels were observed in children with SCD than children without SCD. Children with “SS” genotype recorded the highest transfusion history, and had significantly elevated levels of serum iron and transferrin saturation than those with genotype “SC” (p < 0.05). Elevated concentration of serum iron and transferrin saturation were also observed in children with SCD who last received haemotransfusion between 0-6 months ago than children who received transfusion between 7-12 months ago (p < 0.01), and more than or equal to 13 months ago (p < 0.05). Similarly, children with SCD who had haemotransfusion history of 0-6 months ago had significantly increased levels of ferritin concentration and ALT concentration than more than or equal to 13 months ago. In a linear regression prediction model, an increase in the number of frequency of haemotransfusion among children with SCD resulted in 2.6 umol/L increase in serum iron levels (β = 2.6, p < 0.05), 40 ng/mL increase in ferritin levels (β = 40, p < 0.05) and 8% increase in transferrin saturation (β= 8, p < 0.05) among children with SCD.
Conclusion: Elevated iron stores and liver enzymes are associated with sickle cell disease in children, especially those with history of transfusion should be routinely monitored for elevated iron stores and liver enzymes for early interventions and managements.
Carbon nanotube fibers provide no measurement contribution when monitoring CNT/epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Shadrov Sergei P. , Butt Hassaan A. , Vildanova Aliya R. , Agafonova Ekaterina E. , Dmitrieva Veronika A. , Kondrashov Vladislav A. , Yan Yaotian , Qi Junlei , Wang Zeyu , Krasnikov Dmitry V. , Nasibulin Albert G.
Published: December 2024

Carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) have recently been shown to be an advanced solution for the monitoring of polymer nanocomposites, addressing both manufacturing and post-manufacturing stages with single step inclusion. However, their structure is inherently susceptible to a number of influences, such as the adsorption of chemicals, matrix shrinkage, and temperature variations, which can introduce measurement errors. Investigating and quantifying the contribution of such factors on the accuracy of CNTF measurements when assessing the properties of multifunctional nanocomposites is vital for their successful application. Here, the wet-pulling of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thin films of various thicknesses (18, 39, and 59 nm) was employed for creating CNTFs. They were embedded within nanocomposites containing single- and multiwalled carbon nanotubes dispersed in epoxy at concentrations of 0.005 and 0.5 wt. %. The inherent change of CNTF properties was compared with the measured changes of the nanocomposites to determine inaccuracy caused by these, and the findings indicate a negligible influence. When measuring nanocomposites with multiwalled CNTs with concentrations of 0.005 and 0.5 wt.%, CNTFs caused less than 10− 6% inaccuracy. When measuring SWCNT-based composites, the inaccuracy caused was less than 10− 1%. Due to contact resistance-free measurements, CNTF sensors show 1–2 orders of magnitude greater accuracy than standard surface-applied electrodes. This research confirms the feasibility of CNTFs to be used as advanced, low-noise, high-sensitivity, real-time fiber sensors for the manufacturing and lifecycle monitoring of multifunctional polymer nanocomposites. Their implementation can potentially improve production efficiency, measurement accuracy, and the quality of nanocomposite materials.
Therapeutic Strategies for Anti-TNF Non-Responsive IBD Patients
Authors: Gu Derick , Yuan Vincent
Published: December 2024

To investigate genetic markers and pathways influencing anti-TNF therapy response in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we analyzed bulk RNA-seq data (GSE186963) from responders and non-responders, identifying 619 significantly altered genes. Key findings included upregulated genes like LCN2, associated with inflammation and tissue injury, and downregulated genes such as CTLA4, an immune checkpoint regulator. Pathway enrichment analyses revealed disruptions in mitochondrial quality control, metabolic reprogramming, and immune modulation, highlighting roles for mTOR signaling and ubiquitination pathways. Gene Ontology analysis pointed to oxidative stress responses, heme metabolism, and protein degradation as critical processes, while cellular component analysis emphasized the cytosol, TORC2 complex, and extracellular exosomes. A protein-protein interaction network identified AHSP and UBA52 as pivotal molecules involved in oxidative stress mitigation and protein homeostasis. These insights informed the identification of 10 therapeutic candidates, including Nifedipine and Nicergoline, offering promising avenues for addressing anti-TNF non-responsiveness and refining treatment strategies for IBD.
A Stacked Machine Learning Framework for Predicting Electrical Power Grid Stability
Authors: V UmaRani , RN Karthika
Published: December 2024

Ensuring the stability of electrical power grids is critical to maintaining reliable energy distribution and mitigating the risk of blackouts, which can lead to substantial economic and safety challenges. Traditional stability prediction methods often rely on physical models constrained by inherent assumptions and limitations, making them less effective in addressing the dynamic and nonlinear characteristics of modern power grids. This study introduces a novel stacked machine learning approach to predict power grid stability by integrating ten distinct classifiers and corresponding regression models. Each model is rigorously evaluated for its predictive performance, contributing to a robust ensemble design that leverages the strengths of individual techniques. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed stacked framework significantly outperforms conventional methods, achieving a remarkable 99% accuracy rate during validation. This high level of accuracy underscores the potential of machine learning ensembles in capturing complex patterns and interactions within power grid data. By employing advanced algorithms, this framework not only enhances prediction reliability but also contributes to proactive grid management strategies, ultimately fostering resilient and sustainable energy systems. The study highlights the practical implications of adopting machine learning-driven solutions to address critical challenges in power grid stability.
Effect of biofertilizers in improving production of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), and tolerating drought stress
Authors: Yaseen Arshad Abdulkhalq , Ahmed Sherwan Jalil , Bakr Triska Dlshad
Published: December 2024

Chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are one of the most widely planted vegetables all over the world since it has several health advantages and add a delicious flavor to a range of recipes. Drought stress is accounted as the most abiotic environmental condition that can negatively impact the quality and production of many crops. In this context, a factorial randomized design study was conducted in open field pots to determine how irrigation deficit affects the plant's agronomic and physiological characteristics. Capsicum spp. was subjected to three drought stress conditions (once every day, once every two days, and once every three days representing light or low, moderate, and severe drought stress). At the same time, biostimulants Alga600, moringa leaf extract (MLE), and homemade fertilizer (H-made) were foliar sprayed to determine whether they might minimize abiotic stress or increase plant susceptibility to drought. The results demonstrate that severe drought stress resulted in a considerable drop in fruit quality and production, followed by moderate and light drought. Whereas, minimum chlorophyll and carotenoids are influenced by deficient irrigation. On the other hand, biostimulants could mitigate the detrimental impact of drought stress on yield, chlorophyll concentration, and other physical characteristics such as leaf area. Among the biostimulants, Alga600 had the greatest impact on increasing chili pepper stress tolerance, followed by 6% MLE and H-made biostimulants when compared to their controls (plants treated with deionized water only). However, the combination of biostimulants with drought stress was more obvious in drought roses. The interaction was less influenced by the drought, which intensified the physical and economic aspects. While some biostimulants, such as MLE and Alga600, may have a greater impact on plant production and pigment content as drought stress increases. The correlation coefficient also indicates that the measured parameters had both positive and negative correlations to each other. Physical parameters like leaf area, number of fruits, fruit diameter, and length have a significant positive correlation to the total yield while chlorophyll content can have a positive and negative correlation to the physical parameters.
Optimized Resource Allocation in Vehicular Fog Computing Environments Using Hybrid MOSP Algorithm
Authors: Nahro Kamal Saeed  , Khalid A. Asaad  , Arkan A. Saffer
Published: December 2024

Due to the appearance of new concepts such as fog computing and rapid progress toward the Internet of Vehicles (IOV), cloud computing becomes faced with the problem of resource allocation. Fog computing offers a solution by providing and offering computing storage and networking facilities near to the end-users and the connected devices. This work mainly focuses on the resource management for parked vehicles in via vehicular fog computing so as to improve resource utilization, QoS, delay, and energy consumption. The algorithm that is called MOSP and implemented the Multi-objective Grey Wolf Optimizer (MOGWO) solves the problem of allocating the resources for the parked and slow-moving vehicles taking into consideration the limitations concerning computation, storage, and mobility of the fog nodes. For the purpose of comparison, the performance of the proposed MOSP algorithm is compared with other approaches available in the literature. The evaluation of the performance has revealed the successful achievement of less energy consumption and considerable elimination of delays, which are critical issues in vehicular fog computing environments. This paper offers an original approach to resource management in V2V fog computing for parked cars through the employment of MOSP algorithm that enhances resource efficiency while enhancing QoS, delay, and energy consumption.
Bio-fortification of Agronomic Attributes and Biochemical Molecules in Black Night Shade as Influenced by Two Forms of Guinea Grass Biochar
Authors: Anthony Wale Ojewumi  , Samuel Ayodotun Ayoola  , Musa Hussaini Abdullahi  , Zubedat Badru Adeola  , Sunday Makinde Olubunmi
Published: December 2024

This experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of Department of Botany, Lagos State University, Ojo, campus, South West, Nigeria in 2024. This study evaluated effects of guinea grass biochar (liquid and solid) on growth and nutritional profile in Black Night Shade (BNS). BNS seeds treated with 150% liquid biochar (LB) emerged 4days earlier, produced highest number of seedlings (8.44) and germination (84.38%) as well as plumule length (4.65 cm) in the seeds treated with 120% LB. Contribution (153.63%) and yield (27.41%) were substantially higher in the seeds treated with 150% LB.  Plant height (42.33 cm) of the vegetable treated with 15g solid biochar (SB) as well as number of leaves (24.67) in the vegetable treated with 15g/L LB showed significant increase. In addition, Leaf area  (51.91 cm²), Specific leaf area (167.81(m2 kg⁻1), leaf area index (0.13 m²/m2), and leaf area ratio (0.25(m2 kg‑1) were improved in BNS treated with15g/L LB .Relative growth rate  (0.24(mgg‑1 day‑1) and net assimilation rate  (0.08 (gm‑2 day‑1) showed similar significant increase in the vegetable treated with 15g SB. Dry matter  fat, ash, crude fiber and carbohydrate were improved by15 g SB as well as most  of the vitamins and minerals. In conclusion, 150% LB enhanced seedling emergence while 15g SB improved morphological traits and nutritional profile of BNS, therefore incorporation of the biochar at 15 g SB and 150% LB are suggested for production of BNS.
Mentor teachers’ and student teachers’ experiences on teaching practice: an influx of teachers in training
Authors: Zondo Sindiswa Silindokuhle , Adu Emmanuel Olusola
Published: December 2024

This study examined mentor teachers' and student teachers’ experiences in teaching practice and examined how student teachers can be prepared to meet mentor teachers’ expectations. This interpretive qualitative case study purposively sampled three secondary schools, and in each research site, two student teachers and two mentor teachers were sampled respectively. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews and focus group interviews with student teachers and mentor teachers were used as data collection methods. The findings reported that participants perceived teaching practice as an important exercise for student teachers and this is where student teachers receive in-service practical in-house training to apply pedagogical theoretical knowledge into practice. Mentor teachers were not pleased by the unprofessional behavior, demonstrated by student teachers, and thus perceived teaching practice value as depreciating. The large number of student teachers, placed in the schools, was overwhelming and mentors felt overcrowded. The findings revealed that mentor teachers felt insufficient as they did not understand their role as mentor teachers. The mentor teachers perceived modules, offered in universities, as rigid and outdated, thus suggested the introduction of coding and robotics subjects in their module packing. Inversely, student teachers were reported discouraged and unhappy as mentor teachers perceived them as a relief, and learner indiscipline emerged as a problem for all student teachers. Quality of learners was a concern for student teachers and remarkably, daunted/killed their love and passion for the teaching profession. The study recommends a relationship between teachers' training institutions, schools, and the Department of Basic Education and workshops for mentor teachers.
Exploring psychometric properties of mathematics unified promotion examination using item response theory
Authors: Ayodeji Titilayo Ibironke , Opesemowo Oluwaseyi Aina Gbolade , Orina Oreayo Catherine
Published: December 2024

This study established the unidimensionality of the Ondo State Mathematics Unified Promotion Examination (MUPE). It examined the difficulty and discrimination indices of the mathematics examination items and determined their reliability and validity. The study population was all 2019/2020 public Senior Secondary School two (SS II) students in Ondo State. The study's descriptive survey research design comprised 609 students, selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure. The instrument for data collection was 2019 Ondo State MUPE items, which comprised 34 multiple-choice test items. Stout’s test of essential unidimensional and reliability tests were used to analyse research questions. The findings revealed that Ondo State MUPE items violated the assumption of unidimensionality because p<0.05; hence, it was multidimensional in nature, implying that the items measured more than a single trait. It was observed that, out of 34 items of Ondo MUPE, 28 items, representing 82 %, were moderately difficult, and they discriminated correctly. Six items, representing 18 %, functioned poorly regarding discrimination and difficulty indices. The study recommended that teachers organize more standardized internal examinations, such as mock examinations, so their students can adequately prepare for external examinations. The Ondo state government should invest in conferences where examination experts are updated on areas of improvement in item construction.
Student experiences with formative assessment feedback in one public university: from COVID-19 lockdown in 2021 to the new normal in 2024
Authors: Pillay Preya
Published: December 2024

First-year university students continue to face challenges in adapting to evolving formative assessment practices, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the evolution of first-year student experiences with formative assessment feedback from the COVID-19 lockdowns in 2021 to the new normal in 2024 at one selected public university in South Africa. Using a mixed-methods comparative case study design, the research involved 200 first-year undergraduate students (100 from each cohort) who completed the Formative Assessment Feedback Questionnaire (FAFQ), with 40 students participating in follow-up interviews. Quantitative findings revealed statistically significant differences between cohorts across all components of feedback experience (p<0.001), with the 2024 cohort reporting higher mean scores in Feedback Delivery, Engagement, Application, and Satisfaction. Factor analysis identified these four components as explaining 42.186% of the cumulative variance in feedback experience. Qualitative analysis highlighted a shift from predominantly text-based feedback in 2021 to diverse, multi-modal approaches in 2024, including video and audio feedback. The 2024 cohort reported enhanced interactivity and personalization in feedback practices, improved feedback literacy, and better integration of technology through AI-assisted feedback and learning management systems. However, some students reported feeling overwhelmed by the diversity of feedback methods and experienced technical challenges. The study concludes that while there has been a significant positive evolution in student experiences with formative assessment feedback from 2021 to 2024, continued support is needed to help first-year students adapt to these new practices. Universities should maintain investment in diverse, interactive, and technology-enhanced feedback methods while supporting feedback literacy development among students and instructors.
A Survey on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Denture Care among Elderly Patients
Authors:   Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Beh Yew Hin , Ho Ting Khee ,   Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: December 2024

As the elderly population grows, removable dentures remain an essential, viable, and economical option for replacing missing teeth. Enhancing patient understanding of denture care is essential for better oral and systemic health. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of denture hygiene care among the geriatric denture users. A paper-based survey study was conducted on denture wearers aged 60 years old and above. Eligible participants, identified via convenience sampling, received a validated self-administered questionnaire about knowledge, attitude and practice of denture care that was translated into several languages. The study included 138 denture wearers, of which 60.9% were female and the remaining 39.1% were male. All participants cleaned their dentures at least once a day using mechanical (50.7%), chemical (25.4%), or combination methods (23.9%). Approximately 29.7% of the participants wore their dentures overnight. The mean knowledge score was relatively poor (46.5%) and was significantly associated with the denture cleaning method used, nocturnal denture use, and frequency of denture cleaning (p < 0.05). No association between a patient’s gender and educational level and their attitudes and practices of denture care was observed (p > 0.05). In conclusion, geriatric denture wearers were showing a low knowledge score and were significantly associated to their denture hygiene protocols and the habit of nocturnal denture use. Enhanced knowledge delivery to elderly patients is essential to ensure a sustenance of good attitude and practices in denture hygiene.
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance in Malaysian Oral Cavity Carcinoma: Treatment, Demographics and Clinical Factors
Authors:   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Singh Kelvinder , Aziz Atiqah ,   Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Abu Bakar MohdZukiflee ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Narayanan Prepageran ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: December 2024

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) is gaining importance as a valuable outcome measure in the field of oral cavity carcinoma (OCC). This study aimed to assess pre- and post-treatment ECOG changes in Malaysian OCC patients undergoing various treatments. We conducted a 12–36 months longitudinal observational study with 63 squamous cell carcinoma patients, evaluating ECOG perfomance, medical history, symptoms, sociodemographics, clinical details, and treatment modalities (surgery, surgery + radiotherapy, or surgery + chemotherapy and radiotherapy [CCRT]). OCC patients aged 50–70 years are at risk for impaired quality of life (QOL) up to several years after diagnosis. The analysis of the association between baseline ECOG Performance Status (ECOG-PS) scores and demographic data revealed a statistically significant correlation only within the age group, demonstrating a p-value of 0.031. CCRT treatment has a more pronounced effect on patient performance status, with significant results in the 3-year overall survival rate and poor ECOG-PS score in patients post-CCRT, as well as radiotherapy. These results highlight the need to provide OCC patients with specialised interventions and support, especially while they are undergoing CCRT, to lessen the potential negative effects on their general well-being and quality of life.
Effect of Change Angulation and Material of Mini-screw Inserted in Retromolar Pad Area on Stress Distribution: A Finite Element Simulation Study
Authors:   Department of Paedodontics, Orthodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul 41002, Iraq, Al-Hafidh Nada Nashee , AlSamak Saeed ,   Department of Paedodontics, Orthodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul 41002, Iraq, Al-Abbood Mohammed T. Sulaiman ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Mosul, Mosul 41002, Iraq, Al-Khatiba Ali R. ,   Department of Paedodontics, Orthodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul 41002, Iraq
Published: December 2024

This study evaluated the influence of angulation and material composition on the stress distribution and displacement of mini-screws placed in the retromolar pad area using finite element analysis; these mini-screws inserted in the retromolar pad area were referred to as MRM. A 3D mandible model was generated from CT scan data using Mimics and 3-Matic software, while the mini-screw was modelled in AutoCAD. Finite element analysis was performed with Inventor Professional software. A 2 N force, parallel to the occlusal reference line (ORL), was applied to MRM at insertion angles of 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° relative to the ORL. Three MRM materials were analysed: stainless steel (SS), titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), and pure titanium (Ti). Results revealed that the lowest Von Mises stresses occurred at a 0° insertion angle, while the highest stresses were observed at 60°. Stress levels were comparable across materials at 0°, 15°, and 30°, but SS MRM generated higher stresses than titanium materials at 45° and 60°. Displacement analysis indicated that SS MRM had the lowest displacement, while Ti MRM exhibited the highest across all angles. Importantly, all stress values remained below the bone’s yield strength, and displacements were clinically insignificant. For optimal stability, a 0° insertion angle is recommended, with 15° and 30° serving as viable alternatives. These findings provide guidance on selecting mini-screw angulation and materials for effective orthodontic anchorage in the retromolar pad area.
Live Attenuated Bacterial Vectors as Vehicles for DNA Vaccine Delivery: A Mini Review
Authors:   Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Kedah, Malaysia, Eng Sze Wei , Muniandy Vilassini ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Kedah, Malaysia, Punniamoorthy Lohshinni ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Kedah, Malaysia, Tew Hui Xian ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Kedah, Malaysia, Norazmi Mohd Nor ,   School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Ravichandran Manickam ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Kedah, Malaysia, Lee Su Yin ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Kedah, Malaysia
Published: December 2024

DNA vaccines are third-generation vaccines composed of plasmids that encode vaccine antigens. Their advantages include fast development, safety, stability, and cost effectiveness, which make them an attractive vaccine platform for genetic and infectious diseases. However, the low transfection efficiency of DNA vaccines results in poor performance in both larger animals and humans, thereby limiting their clinical use. To overcome this issue, live attenuated bacterial vector (LABV) has been proposed as a DNA delivery vehicle. LABV is known to improve DNA vaccine transfection efficiency, thus enhancing the immune response. This article highlights recent advancements in the development of LABV DNA vaccines, the design of shuttle plasmids and adjuvants, and the potential applications of LABV candidates.
Variations of Malay Language in Sintang Raya
Authors: Patriantoro Patriantoro , Rahmani Eka Fajar
Published: December 2024

The research area in this study includes 1) a description of word variations, 2) differences in word variations between locations; (3) a language variation map, 4) language variation isogloss files. There are two methods used, namely descriptive and comparative methods. The descriptive method uses quantitative and qualitative techniques. The comparative method uses synchronous techniques. The comparative method is used to compare word variations in the research location. The calculation of the difference in word variations uses dialectometric formulas. The separation of language variations in the research location uses isogloss files. The results of the data analysis are 1) a description of the variations of the Malay language in 12 research locations; 2) the least difference in word variations in research locations 9-11 = 24 and the most difference in word variations in research locations 1-4 = 59; 3) based on the data analysis, the variations of words in the research locations resulted in different speech, sub-dialects, and dialects; 4) the linguistic distance in percentage is the least 24% in area 9-11 and the linguistic distance in percentage is the most 59% in research locations 1-4; 5) the map of word variations of the Malay language in Sintang Raya has 3 dialects; 6) the isogloss files show the existence of the most language variations as a separator of research has 3 dialects.
Indonesian EFL Learners' Motivation to Learn Second Language Pragmatics
Authors: Sanjaya I Nyoman Suka , Wajdi Majid , Sitawati Anak Agung Raka , Suciani Ni Ketut
Published: December 2024

Despite the significance of motivation and pragmatic competence for L2 learners, surprisingly, research into L2 pragmatics learning motivation is almost non-existent. Drawing on the self-determination theory of human motivation, the present study was carried out to investigate the level and nature of Indonesian EFL learnersâ€™ motivation for L2 pragmatics learning. A total of 76 Indonesian-speaking sophomores studying international business management were asked to fill out a tailor-made, 29-item online questionnaire designed to measure the level and nature of their motivation for L2 pragmatics learning. It was found that (i) Indonesian EFL studentsâ€™ motivation for L2 pragmatics learning was insufficiently high, (ii) their intrinsic motivation was the highest compared to other types of motivation, and (iii) their external motivation was surprisingly low. These findings can be explained in the light of the studentsâ€™ previously instructed foreign language learning experiences which placed undue emphasis on the formal aspects of the target language while marginalizing the social ones. Pedagogically, the findings imply that, owing to the malleability of human motivation, EFL teachers should employ principled instructional methods to promote their studentsâ€™ L2 pragmatics learning motivation. Be that as it may, further studies need to be conducted to (in) validate the above-mentioned findings, taking into consideration the limitations of the present study.
School-related Variables Support toward the Utilization of Language Learning Strategies in a Private Bilingual High School
Authors: Etikasari Anis , Oktavianti Ikmi Nur , Ahmad Badli Esham
Published: December 2024

Learning strategies play significant roles in successful English language learning, especially in the EFL context where inputs are limited. However, the use of learning strategies is highly affected by internal variables, e.g., motivation, learning style, and external variables, e.g., school-related variables. This study aims at exploring the roles of school-related variables in supporting the use of language learning strategies. This study was conducted in a private bilingual high school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and five students who fulfilled the criteria were selected as the participants. The data were collected through semi-structured online interviews and recorded for more accessible analysis. The results of the interview were then analyzed using thematic analysis. The results of the study showed that school-related variables have significant and distinctive roles in supporting the use of language learning strategies. Each variable has its parts, e.g., the curriculum deals with language input, and the learning environment can enhance studentsâ€™ motivation. Thus, teachers and school principals should be aware of their prominent roles and be able to design and create supportive school-related variables for their students.
Syntactic Behavior of Verbs in Bima Language
Authors: Adawiyah Rabiyatul , Lukman Lukman , Muslim Bukhori
Published: December 2024

This research was conducted to determine the syntactic behavior of Verbs in the Bima language. The analytical method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method that describes data in the form of words or sentences containing verbs in the Bima language. The research locations were conducted in several villages in Bima Regency and Bima City. Data collection was carried out using introspection, listening, and speaking methods. The result of the research is that the syntax behavior of the Bima language verbs in this study is adapted to the structural environment. Data found related to how the behavior of verbs in their syntactic construction. The forms of verbs in the syntactic behavior referred to are transitive verbs and intransitive verbs. Intransitive verbs are analyzed based on whether or not there is an object that will follow the verb. If a verb can have a complete meaning without the presence of an object, it is declared as an intransitive verb. On the other hand, if a verb has a complete meaning and must be followed by an object, then it is stated as a transitive verb. In the Bima language, many transitive verbs are dominated by words with affixes. Many intransitive verbs are dominated by prefixes ka, ma, na, ta, da, di, ra and endings ku, mu, na, ta, ja, si, ro, ra, du, ni, pu, and mpa.
Form of Register in Buying and Selling Conversations at Dayun Market in Siak Regency
Authors: Rahayu Endah , Erni Erni
Published: December 2024

The community is not bound by rules when communicating and making buying and selling transactions. The use of registers occurs in various regions, one of which is in the Dayun District, Siak Regency. The research objective is to describe the form of register used by traders and buyers in the Dayun market. The method used in this study is content analysis. Data collection techniques include observation techniques, records, and notes. Data analysis is content analysis. The results showed that there were 16 closed-enclosed registers and 3 open registers. The language used in buying and selling transactions is more specific. This study concludes that the form of registers in buying and selling transactions at the Dayun market in Siak Regency generally uses the form of a limited enclosure with conversations using informal language and spontaneous conversations. The implications of the research results can be used in the development of language teaching materials about the diversity of register variations that develop in society. For the public, its function is to learn the peculiarities of buying and selling registers in a market.
Studentsâ€™ Perceptions of the Challenges of ESP Courses: A Study from an Indonesian University
Authors: Suherman Andri
Published: December 2024

The current study aims to investigate challenges experienced by ESP students. Conducted at the University of Hamzanwadi (East-Lombok, Indonesia), this study employs both quantitative and qualitative methods with two instruments to collect data, questionnaires and interviews. The questionnaire was electronically sent out to 100 ESP students to discover challenges they have been dealing with, which was then statistically analyzed. In addition, semi-structured interviews were carried out with a representative of 20 ESP students to examine their perceptions of the challenges, which were then qualitatively analyzed using a coding system. The results of quantitative data revealed that the students have been experiencing 5 types of challenges in learning ESP with Linguistic Competence and University Support being the two most challenging issues for over 90% of students. Meanwhile, the qualitative data showed that the five challenges were intercorrelated and affected each other. Pedagogical implications gained from this study include university officials should provide support to facilitate ESP students with potential challenges and to help them eradicate the challenges. Despite these, several limitations in this study are found including it recruited a relatively small number of participants, and it missed to explore solutions that students have employed to tackle the challenges as it can provide us with meaningful insight into the general overview of ESP courses from studentsâ€™ perspectives.
The Power of Cooperative Principle and Politeness Strategy in Forming Phatic Speech Acts
Authors: Ambarwati Rosita , Kuncorohadi Panji
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore and describe the role of cooperative principles and politeness strategies in forming phatic speech acts in women's communication on Facebook. This research is qualitative research. This study applies an ethnographic approach. The data type used is qualitative in words, sentences, photographs, documents, journals, and articles. The primary data in this study is the speech of women who are divided into categories, namely adult women and adolescents. The data collection techniques are interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique used the ethnographic analysis model introduced by Spradley. The research results show that adult women implement the cooperative principles of relevance maxims and quality maxims. They also violate the cooperative principles of relevance maxim, quality maxim, and quantity maxim, while the politeness strategy applies positive politeness strategies. Negative politeness strategy, off-record strategy, and bald on-record strategies. The findings that adult women have analyzed tend to apply the maxim of relevance, violate the principle of cooperation of relevance, and use positive politeness strategies. Teenagers use phatic speech acts by applying the principles of relevance and method cooperation, violating the maxims of relevance, quantity, and quality and using positive politeness and bald off-record strategies. Overall, dominant adolescents perform phatic speech acts by applying the maxim of manner, violating the maxim of relevance, and using positive politeness strategies.
EFL Students' Psychological Well-Being in Learning across Different Epistemic Beliefs Levels
Authors: Listyadi Tyara Muffidah , Emaliana Ive , Lintangsari Alies Poetri , Kusumawardani Irene Nany
Published: December 2024

Epistemic beliefs of English language learning (EFL) learners are one of the factors that have increased awareness among people due to their pivotal role in influencing students' success and learning strategies and behaviors. The current study aims to compare the two variables above and thus investigate EFL university students' psychological well-being across different levels of Epistemic Beliefs. This quantitative study uses an independent sample T-test to determine the mean difference between two independent groups, which are the psychological well-being (henceforth, PWB) and epistemic beliefs of EFL students. The data was gathered by delivering online questionnaires via Google Forms to 96 students from a reputable university in East Java, Indonesia, majoring in English language education. The results indicate that there is no difference in the psychological and emotional well-being of students in the study area among different levels of epistemic beliefs (i.e., sophisticated and simple). According to the findings, investigating students' epistemic beliefs can provide insights into their educational engagement and well-being when studying. It is found that the PWB of different epistemic beliefs of Indonesian EFL learners is not that significant, and it is implied that epistemic beliefs are a spectrum that can be influenced by other aspects, such as cultural facets.