bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of curcumin on lipid peroxidation and selected antioxidants in irradiated rats
Authors: Ozcelik Mehtap , Erişir Mine , Guler Osman , Baykara Murat , Kirman Esra
Published: January 2019

The effect of irradiation on oxidants and antioxidants in selected tissues and a possible protective effect of curcumin on these indices were investigated. A total of 28 rats were divided into 3 groups; group 1 was control; group 2 was the irradiation group, saline was administered intraperiotenally (i.p.) for three days and then, 9 Gy gamma irradiation was applied; group 3 was the irradiation + curcumin group: curcumin was given i.p. for three days at 200 mg/kg body weight and then the same dose of irradiation was applied. A significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) was detected in the liver, kidney, and brain tissues of the rats as a result of irradiation (P< 0.01). Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in all the tissues (except for kidneys) decreased (P< 0.01), liver SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity decreased (P< 0.05), and GSH (glutathione) levels in kidney and ovary tissues (P< 0.001) significantly increased. While curcumin administration returned the increased MDA levels in the kidneys and brain in result of irradiation to normal (P< 0.01), it did not return the increased MDA levels in the liver tissue to normal (P< 0.001) despite significantly reducing them. While decreased GSH-Px and SOD activity in the liver in result of irradiation increased with the addition of curcumin (P< 0.05), increased GSH levels in the kidneys and ovaries returned to control levels (P< 0.001). When MDA values were examined, it was found that the addition of curcumin protected the liver, kidneys and brain from the oxidative damage caused by irradiation.
Antibacterial effect of Czech and Mānuka honey on selected mastitis pathogens
Authors: Klimešová Marcela , Němečková Irena , Vondrušková Eva , Nejeschlebová Ludmila
Published: January 2019

The work is focused on the antibacterial effect of four types of blossom honey, one honeydew and two Mānuka honey (MAN100+ and MAN400+) on selected pathogenic microorganisms isolated from cow’s milk (Staphylococcus aureus 51 and S. aureus 428), sheep’s milk (S. aureus 627), and from the Czech Collection of Microorganisms (Streptococcus uberis CCM 4617, Streptococcus agalactiae CCM 6187, Enterococcus faecalis CCM 4224 and Escherichia coli CCM 4787). The concentrations of honey samples were 20% and 30%. The obtained results showed a 100% inhibitory effect of MAN400+ on all tested bacterial strains even at a concentration of 20% and also a comparable inhibitory effect of Mānuka honey with Czech honeydew. The results indicate that honey had an inhibitory effect against the tested bacterial species which may cause mastitis.
The individual effect of different production systems, age and sex on the chemical composition of wild boar meat
Authors: Tesařová Simona , Ježek František , Hulánková Radka , Plhal Radim , Drimaj Jakub , Steinhauserová Iva , Bořilová Gabriela
Published: January 2019

Meat from wild boar (musculus teres major, n = 160) originating from two localities with different production systems was analysed. The contents of crude protein, pure protein, fat, collagen, dry matter and ash were determined in each sample. The effect of locality, age and sex on the chemical properties of the wild boar meat was studied with the use of statistical analysis. The values obtained for the chemical composition of the muscle tissue of the wild boar from localities A and B corresponded to the results obtained in other countries. The protein content fell within the range of 20.49–21.26% at locality A and 18.77–20.34% at locality B. The fat content fell within the wide range of 0.83–2.38% (0.83–1.67% at locality A and 1.51–2.38% at locality B). It is clear from the statistical evaluation that wild boar hunted in the enclosed locality had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) fat content and a lower content of crude (P < 0.05) and pure (P < 0.05) protein in comparison with wild boar from the unenclosed locality. A significant difference in the fat content was also demonstrated between localities in animals aged 0–12 months (P < 0.05), though only in females (P < 0.05) when younger animals (0–12 months) were divided by sex, and also in females aged 12–24 months (P < 0.05). The results confirm that the composition of wild boar meat in the Czech Republic is very variable and influenced by multiple factors.
TITUS BURCKHARDT: İSLAM SANATINA AŞK(IN)CI BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: SAZ Süleyman , ÖZGÜR YILDIZ Şenay
Published: January 2019

Titus Burckhardt, 1908 yılında Floransa’da  dünyaya gelen Alman asıllı İsviçreli bir sanat
tarihçisi ve akademisyendir. Basel'e yerleşen aristokrat bir ailenin mensubu
olarak kültür ve sanat çevrelerinin içinde yer almıştır. Heykeltıraş bir
babanın ve ressam bir annenin çocuğu olması onu erken yaşlardan itibaren resim
ve yontu çalışmalarına sevk etmiştir. Yirmili yaşlarında ilgi duyduğu doğu
kültürü ve sanatları üzerine araştırmalar yapmak üzere Fas'a gitmiş ve uzun bir
süre bu ülkede yaşamıştır. Bu tecrübe nihayetinde ihtida ile sonuçlanmıştır.
İslâm  kültür ve sanatını yakından tanıma
imkanı bulan Burckhardt, sanatların özünde bulunan kadim ilkelerin vahiyle olan
bağlantısını ortaya koymaya çalışmıştır. Elbette yalnızca Doğu ve İslam
sanatlarına değil aynı zamanda Batı'nın geleneksel sanatlarının incelenmesine de
önem veren yazar, çalışmalarının temeline kutsal sanat kavramını
yerleştirmiştir. Sanata holistik bir bakış açısı olan yazar, eserlerinde kutsal
ve aşkın olanın peşindedir. Kutsal olanı Gelenekselci Ekol çatısı altında
arayan Burckhardt, ekolün diğer kurucuları olan René Guenon, Ananda K. Coomaraswamy
ve Frithjof Schuon gibi önemli isimlerle fikir birliği içerisindedir.
Çalışmalarında sanatın evrensel ve aşkın yönüne vurgu yapan yazar, tüm
geleneksel sanatların kutsal olanın mesajını ilettiğini savunmaktadır. Bu
makalede Titus Burckhardt'ın, eserlerinde kutsal sanatı, özellikle İslâm  sanatını aşk(ın)cı bir bakışla nasıl
tanımladığı ve ele aldığı tartışılacaktır.
MADDE BAĞIMLIĞI TEDAVİSİNDE MANEVİ DESTEĞİN EKİP ÇALIŞMASI İLE YÜRÜTÜLMESİ
Authors: ALTUNTAŞ Murat , ÖZTÜRK Elif , ARIKIN Selin
Published: January 2019

Madde bağımlılığı, kullanılan
maddeye karşı madde kullanımından dolayı zarar görülse dahi irade işlerliğinin
yitirildiği, tolerans geliştirildiği ve yoksunluk belirtilerinin ortaya çıktığı
kronik bir beyin hastalığıdır. Bu çalışma; madde bağımlısı olan bireyin, tedavi
süresi içerisinde "tedavi verimliliğinin ve etkinliğinin" en üst
seviyeye çıkarılması üzerine kalitatif bir araştırma örneği sunmaktadır.
Türkiye’deki tedavi yöntemlerine bakıldığında daha çok bağımlılık tedavi
merkezlerince verilen tıbbi tedavi hizmeti karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Son yıllarda
hastane merkezli müdahale yöntemlerinden toplum temelli müdahale modeline
geçilmiş ancak henüz istenilen aşamaya ulaşılamamıştır. Bu çalışmada batı
toplumlarına bakıldığında; Almanya spesifiği ele alınarak, madde bağımlılığında
ekip çalışması  incelenmiştir. Ele alınan
bu çalışmanın amacı; <> ekip
çalışması odağında manevi hizmetin gerekliliğine dikkat çekmektir. Çalışmanın
bulgularında manevi destek hizmeti veren bireylerin, madde bağımlılığı
tedavisinde farklı bir bakış açısı kazanmasına destekleyici olduğu
gözlemlenmiştir. Madde bağımlılığı tedavisinde biyopsikososyal desteğin tek
başına yeterli olmadığı, bağımlılığın tedavisinde manevi destek hizmetli
yaklaşımların etkisi olduğu saptanmıştır.
Differing Impact of Liberalisation: The Case of Vertically
Integrated Clothing Firms
Authors: Liaqat Zara
Published: January 2019

This paper compares the productivity and other characteristics
of vertically integrated and non-integrated firms to investigate whether
efficiency gains associated with a given liberalisation episode vary
across firms, depending on their organisation. A theoretical setting of
vertical integration in the textile and clothing industry is developed,
to reveal that trade expansion triggers a change in the relative factor
cost of these two types of firms, and consequently, a change in product
range produced by them. The results are further backed by using a sample
of clothing firms in Pakistan for the years 1992-2010 to analyse the
effect of the phasing out of U.S. textile and clothing quotas on
firm-level efficiency. The empirical findings illustrate that an
increase in the level of quotas brings about a significant growth in the
mean productivity of vertically integrated clothing firms. The
diminishing efficiency of non-integrated firms points to the lack of
ability of these firms to benefit from tighter quality control, timely
revision of production policies and guarantee of supplies. JEL
Classification: F13, F14, D24, L23 Keywords: Trade Liberalisation,
Productivity, Vertical Integration, Firm Heterogeneity, Multi-Fibre
Arrangement
Paul Collier. The Future of Capitalism: Facing the New Anxieties.
London, UK: Allen Lane. 2018. 256 pages. Price UK £ 20.00
(Hardback).
Authors: Siddique Omer
Published: January 2019

The Future of Capitalism by Paul Collier is an insightful
book. In this book the author has highlighted the things that are wrong
with capitalism. He has also highlighted not only the problems created
by capitalism but also the problems being faced by capitalism today. The
author has made a cogent case to show that deep economic rifts in the UK
and the USA are “tearing apart the fabric of our societies” (p. 3).
Collier has, in a nutshell, shown in the book how to save the capitalism
from itself. The book is different from the books written with either
the conservative or with the liberal perspective in that rather than
relying on mere rhetoric, Collier has tried to present pragmatic
solutions to the socioeconomic problems that are so rampant today. He
has argued that in these times when there are deep political divisions,
no new economic theory can work the magic. Instead he has made a case
for policies that are not only pragmatic but are communitarian in
nature. What is unique about the book is that ethics and moral
philosophy are at the centre stage of Collier’s narrative. George
Akerloff, a Nobel laureate in Economics, has termed the book as the most
revolutionary work since Keynes.
Bantuan Dana Bank Dunia Dalam Perspektif Pemenuhan Hak-hak Ekosob: Studi Kasus Pada Sektor Pendidikan di Indonesia
Authors: Prakasa Satria Unggul Wicaksana
Published: January 2019

The World Bank assistance in the education sector in Indonesia as a developing country faced with an interest in the fulfillment of the right to education in the perspective of Economy, Social, and Culture (ESC) rights for the society. For Indonesia, World Bank assitance must be in line with the national regulation, therefore harmonization into national law is necessary. The World Bank assistance is aimed at accelerating free trade, and the achievement of global education standards for the recipient countries. Thus, the alignment of the education sector with the interests of the economy and the free market may threaten the education rights of Indonesian citizen. This article will focus on the fulfillment of education right in Indonesia. Seeing the facts from the background, the formulation of the problems raised in this legal research are: (1). characteristics of educational assistance by the World Bank for developing countries. (2). Compatibility between World Bank assistance standards with the fulfillment of ESC rights in education in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to analyze the characteristics of educational assistance by the World Bank for the third world countries and the suitability of the World Bank assistance to the fulfillment of ESC rights in education in Indonesia. This article based on the normative legal research method, and employs the statute and conceptual approach. It is found two results. First, the World Bank assistance to the education sector has been implemented in several countries, including Indonesia. The fulfillment of the right to education in developing countries have been experiencing an intervention and support from the World Bank. The World Bank asisstence is aim at achieving the goal of education, and to ensure the aid has been allocated for education projects, and to provide students with global education standards. Second, by employing the SABER standard with 4-a method to measure the suitability of the World Bank assistance in the fulfillment of the right to education in Indonesia, it is found that there remain a problem in the ‘acceptability’ standard. The World Bank should give more weights to the local wisdoms when providing asisstence in the recipient country.
Dilematis Hukum Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Perspektif Putusan
Authors: Rubaie Achmad
Published: January 2019

Dalam perkembangannya, tuntutan amandemen  atau perubahan UUD NRI 1945 pada akhirnya menjadi kebutuhan bersama bangsa Indonesia. Selanjutnya, tuntutan itu diwujudkan secara komprehensif, bertahap dan sistematis dalam empat kali perubahan UUD NRI 1945 melalui mekanisme empat kali sidang Mejelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR) sejak tahun 1999 sampai dengan tahun 2002. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif, yaitu penelitian hukum yang menitikberatkan pada telaah atau kajian hukum positif. Sesuai dengan karakter keilmuan hukum normatif, maka telaah hukum positif tersebut meliputi telaah dogmatika hukum, telaah teori hukum, dan telaah filsafat hukum. Dari telaah beberapa putusan MK bersifat ultra petita, ditemukan  bahwa  dalam  pengambilan putusan atas perkara yang diajukan kepada MK, baik berkaitan dengan judicial review maupun  penyelesaian perselisihan Pemilkada, secara teoritis Hakim MK dalam pertimbangannya, lebih condong menggunakan jenis penafsiran Kontekstualisasi nilai-nilai dasar (non original intent ) daripada jenis penafsiran tekstual atau penafsiran originalisme (original intent), sehingga  terbuka ruang diskresi hakim MK begitu luas, yang berakibat  mendistorsi kewenangan legislatif, terutama dalam hal hakim menciptakan dan merumuskan norma baru.
Identitas Nasional Di Tinjau dari Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2009
Authors: Afifah Tatu
Published: January 2019

Identitas nasional adalah suatu ciri yang dimiliki oleh suatu bangsa sebagai pengenalan dan penjelas kepribadian dari satu negara ke negara lain. Adapun Identitas nasional Indonesia dapat dirumuskan pembidangannya dalam tiga bidang sebagai berikut: Pertama, identitas fundamental, yakni pancasila sebagai filsafat bangsa, hukum dasar, pandangan hidup, etika politik, paradigma pembangunan. Kedua, identitas instrumental, yang meliputi UUD 1945 sebagai konstitusi negara, bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa persatuan, Garuda Pancasila sebagai lambang negara, Sang Saka Merah Putih sebagai bendera negara, Bhineka Tunggal Ika sebagai semboyan negara, dan Indonesia Raya sebagai lagu kebangsaan. Ketiga, identitas alamiah yang meliputi Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan dan kemajemukan terhadap sukunya, budayanya, agamanya. Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 mengatur tentang Identitas nasional dalam bab 15 yang sudah mendapat amandemen atau perubahan sebanyak dua kali. Bab 15 ini memiliki 5 (lima) pasal yang mengatur simbol jati diri bangsa. Pasal-pasal tersebut membahas tentang Bendera, bahasa dan lambang negara, serta lagu kebangsaan yang terdiri dari pasal 35, 36, 36a, 36b, dan 36c. AdapunUndang-undang nomor 24 tahun 2009 tentang bendera, bahasa, dan lambang negara serta lagu kebangsaan. Undang-undang ini disahkan pada 9 Juli 2009. UU 24/2009 ini secara umum memiliki 9 Bab dan 74 pasal yang pada pokoknya mengatur tentang praktik penetapan dan tata cara penggunaan bendera, bahasa dan lambang negara, serta lagu kebangsaan berikut ketentuan – ketentuan pidananya. Setidaknya ada tiga hal tujuan dari dibentuknya UU no. 24 Tahun 2009 ini adalah untuk :a)      memperkuat persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa dan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia;b)      menjaga kehormatan yang menunjukkan kedaulatan bangsa dan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia; danc)       menciptakan ketertiban, kepastian, dan standarisasi penggunaan bendera, bahasa, dan lambang negara, serta lagu kebangsaan.
Makro Ekonomik Değişkenler Açısından Türkiye’de Sanayi Sektörünün Gelişimi ve İmalat Sanayinin Teknolojik Yapısı
Authors: ŞANLI Orhan , PETEK Ali
Published: January 2019

Türkiye’de imalat
sanayi, Cumhuriyet’in ilanından sonra hızla gelişmeye başlamıştır. Fakat
küresel anlamda Türk imalat sanayinin rekabet gücü zayıf kalmaktadır. İmalat
sanayi içerisinde yüksek teknolojili ürünlerin payının çok düşük kalması,
sektörün gelişimini ve rekabet şansını azaltmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 1923-2018
dönemleri arasında sanayi sektörünün gelişimi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada
özellikle 2003-2018 yılları arasında imalat sanayinin teknolojik yapısında
meydana gelen değişmeler üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmada kullanılan veriler
Dünya Bankası, TUİK ve TCMB veri dağıtım sisteminden elde edilmiştir. Yapılan
analiz sonuçlarına göre Türkiye’de imalat sanayi üretimi daha çok düşük ve orta
düşük teknolojiye dayanmaktadır. Türkiye’de, 2017 yılında İmalat sanayi
ihracatı içerisinde yüksek teknolojili ürünlerin payı sadece %3,8 iken, yüksek
teknolojili ürünlerin imalat sanayi ithalatı içerisindeki payı %15
civarındadır. Son 17 yılda imalat sanayi üretiminde yüksek teknolojili üretimin
payı giderek azalmaktadır. Ayrıca imalat sanayinin fiyatlama yapısı
incelendiğinde imalat sanayinde en büyük maliyet kaleminin ara girdi ithalatı
olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Dolayısıyla, Türkiye'de imalat sanayinin ithalata
bağımlılığı çok yüksektir.
Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sistemine Geçişte 24 Haziran 2018 Seçimi Adaylarının Tweetlerinin Analizi
Authors: ÖZAY Mustafa Ali
Published: January 2019

24 Haziran 2018
seçimleri Türkiye’nin yönetim sistemine yenilik getiren önemli bir dönüm
noktasıdır. Yeni sistemle birlikte yürütmenin başı Cumhurbaşkanı olacak ve
sistemin adı da Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sistemi olacak. Bundan dolayı bu seçimde
adayların ne yaptıkları, nelerin üzerinde daha çok durdukları seçmenler ve
seçmenlerin kararları açısından önemlidir. Bu doğrultuda seçime katılmış olan
adayların yapmış oldukları twitter paylaşımları bu araştırmada analiz
edilmiştir. Sosyal medya olarak twitter’ın seçilmesinin nedeni ise burada
yapılan paylaşımların kitlelere ulaşma süresinin daha hızlı ve kolay olduğunun
düşünülmesidir. Adayların duygu ve düşüncelerine tercüman olan tweetler nitel
veri analizine tabi tutulmuş ve sınıflandırılmıştır. 8 Ana Kod ve 13 Alt Kod
ile yapılan bu sınıflandırma sonuçları bu çalışmada değerlendirilmiştir.
Kemer-Edremit (Burhaniye) Kazası ve Osmanlı Devleti’nin Zahire İaşesine Katkısı
Authors: GÖKÇE Evren
Published: January 2019

XIX. yüzyılın
ilk yarısında yürürlüğe konulan yeni uygulamalara kadar Osmanlı
İmparatorluğu’nda başkent İstanbul’un iaşe gereksinimi ülkenin çeşitli bölgelerinden
tedarik edilmekteydi. Bu bölgeler ürettikleri ürünlerden belli bir miktarı
devlet tarafından yapılan alım için ayırmak zorundaydılar. Devletin talep
ettiği iaşe maddeleri arasında zahire maddeleri önemli bir yer tutmaktaydı.
Batı Anadolu bölgesinde yer alan Karesi Sancağı İstanbul’un ihtiyacı için
zahire alımının yapıldığı yerlerden birisiydi. Sancağın merkez kazası olan
Balıkesir ile birlikte diğer kazaları devlet tarafından yapılan talepleri
karşılıyorlardı. Bu kazalardan birisi olan Kemer-Edremit (Burhaniye), Edremit
ile birlikte devletin zahire iaşesinde sancak çapında öne çıkmaktaydı.
Makalede, Kemer-Edremit üzerinden küçük ölçekli bir kıyı kazasının devletin
zahire iaşesine yaptığı katkı incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Religiusitas, Dukungan Sosial dan Resiliensi Korban Lumpur Lapindo Sidoarjo
Authors: Setiawan Aris , Pratitis Niken Titi
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The purpose of this study to examine the relation between religiosity and socialsupport to the resilience of Lapindo Sidoarjo Mudflow victims. Research variables weremeasured using resilience scale, scale of religiosity and social support scale. Subjectswere 60 victims of Lapindo mudflow that are married, age 20-40, and as a native. Datawere analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results of multiple regressionanalysis showed that the variables religiosity and social support significantly associatedwith resilience (F = 22.863 at p = 0.000). Both variables contributed 44.5% towardsresilience. Separately, religiosity has a positive relationship with resilience (t = 2.439 to p= 0.018). Social support has a significant positive correlation with resilience (t = 4.952 atp = 0.000).Keywords: Religiosity, Social support, Resilience.
Kematangan Emosi, Efikasi Diri dan Perilaku Merokok Remaja Laki-Laki Usia 12-15 Tahun
Authors: . Supeno , . Suroso
Published: January 2019

Emotional maturity, self-efficacy, and Smoking Behavior examined in acorrelational quantitative research. Subjects were 131 Adolescence on 12 â€“ 15 Yearof Ages. Researcher developed two research instrument of measurement, namely thescale of smoking behavior and the scale of emotional maturity. Data of studyvariables were analyzed with the multiple regression analysis. The results of theanalysis are: 1) R = 0,181, F = 2,179, p = 0,177 (p > 0,05) showed no correlationof emotional maturity and self-efficacy with smoking behavior on 12 â€“ 15 Year ofAges simultaneously, 2) r partial = - 0,173, p = 0,049 (p < 0,05) shows thecorrelation of emotional maturity with smoking behavior is a negative direction andlinear; 3) r partial = - 0,055, p = 0,534 (p > 0,05) shows no correlation self-efficacywith smoking behaviorKeywords : emotional maturity, self-efficacy, smoking behavior
Hubungan Efikasi Diri Dan Dukungan Sosial Dengan Burnout Pada Perawat
Authors: Harnida Hanna
Published: January 2019

The purpose of thid study is to test the relationship between self efficacy and social support by burnout to nurses. The variables of the the study are measured by using self efficacy scale , social support scale and burnout scale. The subjects of the study are 60 employed nurses, aged between 20 â€“ 40. The input data is analyzed by using Spearmann Rho. The result show that shows that self efficacy doesnâ€™t have relation with burnout , showing Rhoo = 0,002 and p = 0,986. Social support doesnâ€™t have relationship doesnâ€™t have relationship with burnout , where are Rhoo = 0,089 to p = 0.498. On different study by mannwhitney = 444,500 and p = 0,946 show that self efficacy difference between senior and medior. Social support of Mann Whitney U test = 211,500 and p = 0,000 show that there is significant different between senior and medior. Burnout with mann whitney =449,500 and p =0,994 (p>0,055)showsno relation between senior and medior.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHMS: HOLDOUTS AS ACCURACY ESTIMATION
Authors: Sondakh Debby Erce
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur dan membandingkan kinerja lima algoritma klasifikasi teks berbasis pembelajaran mesin, yaitu decision rules, decision tree, k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), naïve Bayes, dan Support Vector Machine (SVM), menggunakan dokumen teks multi-class. Perbandingan dilakukan pada efektifiatas algoritma, yaitu kemampuan untuk mengklasifikasi dokumen pada kategori yang tepat, menggunakan metode holdout atau percentage split. Ukuran efektifitas yang digunakan adalah precision, recall, F-measure, dan akurasi. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa untuk algoritma naïve Bayes, semakin besar persentase dokumen pelatihan semakin tinggi akurasi model yang dihasilkan. Akurasi tertinggi naïve Bayes pada persentase 90/10, SVM pada 80/20, dan decision tree pada 70/30. Hasil eksperimen juga menunjukkan, algoritma naïve Bayes memiliki nilai efektifitas tertinggi di antara lima algoritma yang diuji, dan waktu membangun model klasiifikasi yang tercepat, yaitu 0.02 detik. Algoritma decision tree dapat mengklasifikasi dokumen teks dengan nilai akurasi yang lebih tinggi dibanding SVM, namun waktu membangun modelnya lebih lambat. Dalam hal waktu membangun model, k-NN adalah yang tercepat namun nilai akurasinya kurang.
Aplikasi Simulasi Public Speaking Berbasis Virtual Reality
Authors: Mambu Joe Yuan , Wahyudi Andria Kusuma , Posumah Feraldo
Published: January 2019

Public speaking adalah proses menyampaikan suatu informasi di depan publik yang membutuhkan keterampilan berbahasa yang baik dan teratur agar para pendengar dapat mengerti apa maksud dari materi yang kita sampaikan. Walaupun kita bisa berlatih di mana saja namun, salah satu masalah yang sering muncul ketika melakukan public speaking adalah karena pembicara belum familiar dengan tempat dimana dia melakukan public speaking tersebut sehingga dapat menimbulkan rasa kurang percaya diri atau sering disebut demam panggung. Solusi untuk masalah ini adalah memperbanyak jam terbang. Namun solusi ini kadang sulit dilaksanakan karena kurangnya akses ke tempat berbicara.Dengan sudut putar 360 derajat dan penggunaan suara, VR bisa digunakan untuk mengsimulasi sebuah lingkungan secara virtual. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti memanfaatkan teknologi Virtual Reality untuk sebuah aplikasi yang dapat mengvisualisasi tempat public speaking. Peneliti memilih tempat-tempat tersebut diambil dari kampus Universitas Klabat. Dengan aplikasi ini yang terinstall di smartphone Android dan VR headset, pengguna bisa berlatih berbicara kapan saja dan dimana saja. Aplikasi yang dibuat memiliki empat video 360 derajat atau disebut scene dengan suara ambience layaknya sebua ruangan yang dipenuhi penonton dalam format virtual reality. Kata Kunci – Virtual Reality, public speaking, 360° video, Unity Engine, demam panggung
Accentuation of i-verbs in the Sixteenth-century Chronograph from the E. V. Barsov Collection
Authors: Polivanova Anastasia K.
Published: January 2019

The present article describes the accentual system of the verbs featuring the thematic vowel -i- in the late 16th-century Chronograph from the E. V. Barsov collection, held in the State Historical Museum in Moscow, catalogue number 1695. One of the tasks of this article is to show the distribution of the i-verbs in the Barsov Chronograph into three accentual paradigms. A table is presented that renders evident the differentiation in particular sub-paradigms of stress in verbs relating to various accentual paradigms. Particular attention is given to accented word forms of the n-participle.

This research project has shown that the i-verbs of the Barsov Chronograph exhibit stress patterns typical for the late sixteenth century, with the exception of three important features, two of which constitute innovations, while the third is an archaism. Firstly, the first-person Present for the accentual paradigm c in the Barsov Chronograph has stress on the ending, like other word forms of the Present tense (in early Old Russian, first person forms are defined as enclinomena, and their transformation into stress-bearing word forms happened in various dialects at various times). Secondly, the l-participle for the accentual paradigm c in the Barsov Chronograph has stress on the suffix (in contrast to the mobile stress that was still broadly present in other texts at that time). Thirdly, the stress in n‑participles of the accentual paradigm b has the same distribution that was reconstructed by A. A. Zaliznyak for early Old Russian, although it has not been observed in a single russian manuscript before.
“Diatriba de Europaeorum linguis” by Joseph Justus Scaliger and the Church Slavonic Translation of the 17th century
Authors: Nikolenkova Natalia V.
Published: January 2019

The article contains a linguistic analysis of the Church Slavonic translation of a short fragment of one of the chapters from the Latin-language geographical atlas compiled by the Dutch cartographers Willem and Joan Blaeu in the first half of the 17th century. The fragment we’re interested in is the Diatriba de Europaeorum linguis (Diatribe on the Languages of the Europeans) by Joseph Justus Scaliger, written in 1599 and published in 1610. Joan and Willem Blaeu include the complete text in their chapter on Europe. The translation of the first part of the Atlas, which contained this chapter, was carried out by Epiphanius Slavinetsky in 1650s in Moscow, and is preserved in the author’s draft, as well as in the clean copy made by a Moscow scribe, both of which are located today in the State Historical Museum manuscript collection. The language of this translation provides a vivid example of the “scholarly” register of Church Slavonic, which was developing at the time, indeed, amongst Slavinetsky’s circle of companions. The article is mainly concerned with the lexical structure of the translation; creation of new words, expanding meanings of lexemes and use of rare Church Slavonic words are characteristic for the Atlas’ translation as a whole, and they have been found in the analysed fragment in particular. We are also inspecting some graphical and orthographic specifics of the translation, mainly the ways of interpreting personal names, which are fairly frequent in a geographical text. The article includes the full text of Scaliger’s Diatribe according to the 1645 edition of the Blaeu’s Atlas, with marked differences from the original edition of 1610, as well as Slavinetsky’s Church Slavonic translation according to the manuscript kept in the State Historical Museum (Moscow).
Historicodogmatic Treatise by Elias Meniates and its 18th-century Serbian Translators from Greek
Authors: Ramazanova Dzhamilia N.
Published: January 2019

The article discusses the history of translation by the 18th-century Serbian translators of the Greek treatise “Πέτρα σκανδάλου” (“Rock of Offence”) written by the theologian and preacher Elias Meniates (1667–1714) in which he deals with the causes of interconfessional polemic between the Orthodox and the Catholic Churches. The history of these translations is placed within the context of interest in Meniates’ works, evidenced in Europe and in the Christian East throughout the 18th century. The vivid style and argumentation of Meniates inspired Stefan Pisarev, inter alia, to translate “Πέτρα σκανδάλου” into Russian, which he did in 1744. In the focus of our research are manuscripts stored in several Serbian libraries and archive collections, namely, manuscripts of “Πέτρα σκανδάλου” translations made by Jovan Mladenović (in 1742) and Vićentije Rakić (in 1797/98). In the study we present, the biographies of the two authors of these unpublished translations are traced and defined more accurately. At the final stage of the study, we correlate the historical settings and probable reasons motivating Mladenović and Rakić to make the Serbian translations of the Greek treatise “Πέτρα σκανδάλου”, on the one hand, and the factors leading to the emergence of a Russian translation of the same treatise by Pisarev, on the other. As believed by the author of this article, the aforementioned translations will serve as a valuable linguistic source for historians of Slavic languages and letters in their comparative studies.
Kliniğimize Gelen Koyun ve Keçi Dystocia Olgularının Değerlendirilmesi: Etiyoloji, Klinik Yaklaşım ve Sonuçlar
Authors: KORKMAZ Ömer , ÇETİN Hayrettin , ATLI Mehmet Osman , ZONTURLU Abuzer Kafar
Published: January 2019

In this study, etiology, causes, treatment and results of treatment of

sheep and goat dystocias seen in and around Şanlıurfa between 2003 and 2010

were evaluated. The study material consisted of 87 cases of which 57 were goats

and 30 sheep brought to our clinic with dystocia complaints. All cases were

divided into two groups: maternal (n=39, 44.83%) and fetal (n=48, 55.17%).

Prolapsus vagina, inadequate cervical dilatation (ringwomb) and uterine inertia

were observed in maternal dystocia cases while multiple pregnancy and fetal

disturbances were detected in fetal dystocia cases. Cesarean operation

conducted in 43 cases, extraction force in 40 cases and laparotomy in one case

were performed in the treatment. As a result of caesarean operation were

obtained 53 live, 27 dead fetus. With the extraction force, 25 live and 27 dead

fetus were removed.
Ratlarda Parasetamol ile Oluşturulan Hepatotoksisite Üzerine Taraxacum officinale Etanol Ekstraktının Etkisi
Authors: AKTAŞ ŞENOCAK Esra , APAYDIN YILDIRIM Betül
Published: January 2019

Ratlarda parasetamol ile

oluşturulan hepatotoksisite üzerine Taraxacum

officinale etanol ekstraktının kan ve karaciğer dokusundaki bazı

biyokimyasal parametrelere ve karaciğer dokusunun histopatolojisi üzerine etkileri

araştırıldı. Bu çalışmada, 5 aylık yaşta 36 adet Sprague Dawley rat kullanıldı.

Sprague Dawley ratlar rastgele her grupta 6 rat olacak şekilde 6 gruba ayrıldı.

Parasetamol (PARA) verilecek gruplardaki hayvanlar 24 saat aç bırakılıp

ekstrakt verildikten 1 saat sonra 2 g/kg oral olarak (p.o.) PARA verildi.

1.Grup (Kontrol Grubu), %5’lik DMSO intraperitoneal (i.p.), 2.Grup (TOE1

Grubu), 200 mg/kg/gün/i.p. Taraxacum

officinale ekstraktı (TOE) %5’lik DMSO’da çözülerek i.p, 3.Grup (TOE2

Grubu), 250 mg/kg/gün/i.p. Taraxacum

officinale ekstraktı, 4.Grup (PARA Grubu), 2 g/kg/p.o. Parasetamol, 5.Grup

(PTOE1 Grubu), Parasetamol 2 g/kg/gün/p.o. + TOE 200 mg/kg/gün/i.p, 6.Grup

(PTOE2 Grubu), Parasetamol 2 g/kg/gün/p.o. + TOE 250 mg/kg/gün/i.p 8 gün

boyunca uygulandı. Çalışma sonunda ratlardan alınan kan ve karaciğer dokusundan

biyokimyasal ve histopatolojik analizler yapıldı. Parasetamol grubunda plazma AST, ALT, ALP, MDA, CAT ve nitrit

düzeyleri; karaciğer MDA, nitrit ve nitrat düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre

artarken (P<0.001); plazma GSH (P<0.001), SOD (P<0.001) ve GPx

(P<0.05) düzeyleri; karaciğer GSH, CAT ve SOD (P<0.001) düzeyleri anlamlı

olarak azaldı. Parasetamolün ratlarda oluşturduğu hepatotoksisiteyi Taraxacum officinale bitkisinin toprak

üstü aksamlarından yapılan etanol ekstraktının 200 mg/kg uygulanan miktarının

hepatotoksisiteyi anlamlı olarak azalttığı ve lipid peroksidasyonu önlediği,

TOE 250 mg/kg uygulanan hayvanlarda toksik etki yaptığı tespit edildi. Elde

edilen ekstraktın hepatotoksisite üzerine ve plazma ve karaciğer biyokimyasal

parametreleri üzerine olumlu etkilerinin olduğu saptansa bile karaciğerde

oluşan hasarı düzeltmek için zamana gereksinim duyulduğu kanaatine varıldı.
Koç Spermasının Dondurulmasında Bireysel Farklılıkların Etkisi
Authors: ÇEBİ ŞEN Çiğdem , KULAKSIZ Recai , DAŞKIN Ali , AKÇAY Ergun
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışma, koç spermasının dondurulmasında

bireysel farklılıkları ortaya koymak ve bu farklılık üzerine sulandırıcı etkisini

belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Ejakulatlar 5 Karayaka koçundan sezon içi

dönemde suni vajina yardımıyla haftada bir kez alındı. Sperma örnekleri bireysel olarak 4 farklı sperma sulandırıcısı (Yağsız süt tozu, Tris, Andromed, Bioxcell) ile

sulandırıldı. Sulandırılmış sperma

örneklerini içeren payetler +4 °C’de 2 saat süreyle ekilibre edildikten sonra sıvı azot

buharında (-120 °C) 15 dakika süreyle donduruldu ve sıvı azot (-196 °C) içinde saklandı. Tüm gruplardaki payetler 37 °C’de 30 saniye süreyle çözdürüldü. Her bir koça

ait çözdürülmüş sperma örneklerinde spermatozoa motilitesi (%), canlı spermatozoa

(%) ve anormal spermatozoa (%) yönünden değerlendirildi.

Yağsız süt tozu sulandırıcısı ile dondurulan

sperma örneklerinde çözüm sonu daha yüksek motilite elde edilirken, en düşük

motilite oranı Bioxcell sulandırıcısından elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, sunulan çalışmada elde edilen in vitro sperma kalitesi

bulgularına göre yağsız süt tozu sulandırıcısının diğer sulandırıcılardan daha

üstün olduğu ve koçlar arası bireysel farkı azalttığı

bulunmuştur.
Nöroprotektif Etkili Bir Flavonoid: Nobiletin
Authors: YARIM Gül Fatma , ÇENESİZ Metin , YARIM Murat , KAZAK Filiz
Published: January 2019

The use of

flavonoids promises new approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative

diseases. Nobiletine is a polymethoxy flavonoid found in the citrus peel. The

neuroprotective effect of nobiletin has been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro.

Nobiletine affects the signaling cascades associated with learning and memory,

alleviates neurodegeneration by modulating inflammatory mediators, inhibits

motor and cognitive dysfunction by increasing dopamine release and enhances

memory and recognition of emotions and innovations. Recent studies suggest that

nobiletine has the potential to be a new drug for the treatment of

neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the neuroprotective effects of

nobiletin was emphasized and the results obtained from the literature were

summarized.
Viral Enfeksiyonlarda Telomeraz Aktivitesi
Authors: BAYRAM Elif , ÇENESİZ Metin , OKUR GÜMÜŞOVA Semra
Published: January 2019

Lineer kromozomların uçlarında yer

alan telomer adı verilen yapılar kromozomların bütünlüğünü sağlar. Kısa

telomerler, DNA hasarında oluşan sinyale benzer bir sinyal üreterek, gerek

yaşlanmayı gerekse de programlı hücre ölümünü tetikler. Telomeraz enzimi de kısalan

telomerleri onararak telomer zincirlerinin uzun kalmasını sağlar. Böylece

hücrelerin bölünme kapasitesinde artış sağlanmış olur. İnsan ve hayvan

onkojenik viruslarının, geliştirdikleri mekanizmalarla telomeraz enzimini

yeniden aktive edebildikleri ispatlanmıştır.  Bu derleme viral enfeksiyonlar ile telomeraz

aktivitesi arasındaki ilişkinin incelendiği bir dizi çalışmadan hazırlanmıştır.
Diyarbakır İlinde Sokak Köpeklerinde Görülen Mide Bağırsak Helmintleri
Authors: SAYIN İPEK Duygu Neval , KOÇHAN Akın
Published: January 2019

Bu
çalışma Nisan 2011- Mart 2012 tarihleri arasında Diyarbakır ilinde sokak köpeklerinde
mide bağırsak helmintlerinin prevalansını belirlemek için 104 köpek üzerinde
yürütülmüştür. Dışkı örnekleri Diyarbakır Büyükşehir Belediyesi Hayvan Bakımevi
ve Rehabilitasyon Merkezi’nde bulunan köpeklerinin rektumundan toplanmıştır. Laboratuara
getirilen dışkı örnekleri önce makroskobik olarak muayene edilmiş daha sonra
Fulloborn yüzdürme ve Benedek çöktürme yöntemi ile helmint yumurtaları yönünden
incelenmiştir. Dışkı bakı sonuçlarına göre 104 köpeğin 34’ünün (%32.7) çeşitli
helmint türleri ile enfekte olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Enfeksiyondan sorumlu
parazitlerin sırasıyla; Toxocara canis
(%15.3), Ancylostomacaninum (%8.6), Toxascaris leonina (%4.8), Taenia spp. (%3.8), Dipylidium caninum (%2.8), Alaria
spp. (%1.9) olduğu görülmüştür. Dişi köpeklerde enfeksiyon oranı %32.8
erkeklerde ise %32.5 olarak belirlenmiştir. Mide bağırsak helmintleri ile
enfeksiyon oranının yaşa göre dağılımı incelendiğinde en yüksek enfeksiyon
oranı 3-6 yaş aralığındakilerde (%38.6) görülmüştür. Bunu 0.5-3 (%32.1) ve 7-9
(%11.1) yaş aralıklarındakiler izlemiştir. Sonuç olarak; Diyarbakır illindeki
sokak köpeklerinin insan sağlığını tehlikeye sokabilecek helmintlerle enfekte
olduğu ortaya konmuş ve bu tehlikeye karşı önlem alınması gerektiği kanısına
varılmıştır.
Deneysel Diabetes Mellitus ve Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Oluşturulan Ratlarda Kefirin Koruyucu Etkilerinin Araştırılması
Authors: ÖZSOY Bülent , KÜÇÜKGÜL Altuğ , YURDAGÜL ÖZSOY Şule , YUMUŞAK Nihat
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışmada kefirin

deneysel olarak oluşturulan Tip 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) ve Nonalkolik

Karaciğer Yağlanmasında (NAFLD) karaciğer dokusunda oluşan hasara karşı

koruyucu etkileri araştırıldı.Toplam 30 adet Wistar albino ırkı dişi rat

kullanıldı. Ratlar her grupta 6 adet olmak üzere 5 gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubu

hayvanlara herhangi bir uygulama yapılmadı. T2DM oluşturmak amacıyla hayvanlara

tek doz 80 mg/kg intraperiteonal Streptozotocin,  NAFLD oluşturmak için de hayvanlara yüksek

yağlı rat yemi deneme boyunca verildi. Deneme grubundaki hayvanlara sırasıyla

yüksek yağlı rat yemi, yüksek yağlı rat yemi+30 ml/kg kefir (oral gavaj),

yüksek yağlı rat yemi+Streptozotocin 80 mg/kg intraperiteonal (İP), yüksek

yağlı rat yemi+30 ml/kg kefir (oral gavaj)+ Streptozotocin 80 mg/kg (İP)

verildi. T2DM oluşturulan gruba kıyasla kan glikoz düzeylerinde kefir eklenmesi

ile düşme gözlendi. Ayrıca T2DM ve NAFLD grubunda serumda artan AST, ALT, total

protein, kolesterol, trigliserit değerlerinin kefir eklenmesi ile azaldığı

gözlendi. Histopatolojik bulgular da biyokimyasal sonuçları desteklemektedir.

Kefir eklenen grubun karaciğerlerinde normale yakın histolojik yapı gözlendi.

Sonuç olarak karaciğer dokusunda ciddi hasarlara neden olan T2DM ve NAFLD ye

karşı kefir içeceğinin tüketilmesinin yararlı olacağı kanısına varıldı.
PEMBUATAN FULL PROTHESA PADA RAHANG NORMAL DAN PADA RAHANG CROSSBITE
Authors: Thressia Merry
Published: January 2019

Complete removable dentures or full dentures pothesa is to replace all the original teeth along the gum tissue section is missing, a person who has lost all molars, will be able to inhibit the function of mastication, phonetics function, aesthetic function and affect the psychological state. Crossbite is a disorder that leads to a deterioration of the jaw teeth have a better position on the buccal or lingual tooth appropriate antagonist diarcade up or down.The design of this study is the study of literature, where the author collects various studies relating to the manufacture keperpustakaan full prothesis in normal jaw and jaw crossbite.This study aims to determine the process of making a complete removable denture in normal and crossbite jaw. Results of research on the manufacture of full prothesis in normal jaw and the jaw crossbite is through the process of making the same and, where there is a difference in the preparation of the teeth to be adjusted to shape the conditions or circumstances jaw models.
Episodic memory: mental time travel or a quantum `memory wave' function?
Authors: Manning Jeremy R.
Published: January 2019

Where do we "go" when we recollect our past? When remembering a past event, it is intuitive to imagine some part of ourselves mentally "jumping back in time" to when the event occurred. I propose an alternative view, inspired by recent evidence from my lab and others, as well as by re-examining existing models of episodic recall, that suggests that this notion of mentally revisiting any specific moment of our past is at best incomplete and at worst misleading. Instead, I suggest that we retrieve information from our past by mentally casting ourselves back simultaneously to many time points from our past, much like a quantum wave function spreading its probability mass over many possible states. This revised conceptual model makes important behavioral and neural predictions about how we retrieve information about our past, and has implications for how we study episodic memory experimentally.
Kin terms and fitness interdependence
Authors: Cronk Lee , Steklis Dieter , Steklis Netzin , Van den Akker Olmo , Aktipis Athena
Published: January 2019

Although genetic relatedness has been shown to be an important determinant of helping and other forms of cooperation among kin, it does not correspond well to the different types of kin designated by the kin terminologies used in human societies. This mismatch between genetic relatedness and kin terms has led some anthropologists to reject the idea that kin terms have anything to do with genetic relatedness or anything else biological. The evolutionary and cultural anthropological approaches can be reconciled through an appreciation of the concept of fitness interdependence, defined as the degree to which two or more organisms positively or negatively influence each other's success in replicating their genes. Fitness interdependence may arise for a variety of reasons, including not only genetic relatedness but also mating and marriage, risk-pooling, mutual aid, and common group membership. The major kin term systems correspond to cross-culturally variable but recurrent patterns of fitness interdependence among different types of kin. In addition, changes from one kin term system to another are associated with corresponding changes in recurrent patterns of fitness interdependence among kin, and kin terms are often used metaphorically in situations in which fitness interdependence has arisen among non-kin
Flexible decision-strategy improvements in children
Authors: Schuck Nicolas W , Wenke Dorit , Ay Destina S. , Loewe Anika , Gaschler Robert , Shing Yee Lee
Published: January 2019

Children often perform worse than adults on tasks that require focused attention. While this is commonly regarded as a sign of incomplete cognitive development, a broader attentional focus could also endow children with the ability to find novel solutions to a given task. To test this idea, we investigated children's ability to discover and use novel aspects of the environment that allowed them to improve their decision-making strategy. Participants were given a simple choice task in which the possibility of strategy improvement was neither mentioned by instructions nor encouraged by explicit error feedback. In two experiments, 39 adults executed the instructed strategy well, but only 28.2\% of participants improved their task strategy with time. Children (n = 47, 8 -- 10 years of age) made approximately twice as many errors in executing the instructed choice rule, but were as likely as adults to improve their strategy (27.5\% of participants). A task difficulty manipulation did not affect results. The lack of age differences in flexible strategy updating was contrasted not only by substantial differences in task-execution, but also by reduced working memory and inhibitory control in children relative to adults. Our results suggest that children have adult-level abilities to find alternative task solutions. This capacity does not depend on adult-level cognitive control.
Learning Whether to Cooperate in Novel Social Interactions
Authors: McAuliffe William H.B. , McCullough Michael E. , Burton-Chellew Maxwell
Published: January 2019

Human social life is rife with uncertainty. In any given social interaction, one can wonder: Is cooperating with this person in my long-term best interest? Many people resolve to play it safe by cooperating rather than behaving selfishly, likely because (a) most social interactions in everyday life have long-term consequences and (b) the costs of alienating oneself from long-term social partners often outweighs the short-term benefits of cheating them. However, since trusting and sharing with others does not always advance self-interest, people might also learn through experience whether cooperation benefits them in any particular situation. Here, we review several lines of evidence suggesting that people initially decide when to share and trust based on the incentives that are present in their daily lives, but that they can also learn through experience to adjust their cooperation decisions to match the incentives of novel situations.
Individual differences in the effects of priors: a multi-paradigm approach
Authors: Tulver Kadi , Aru Jaan , Rutiku Renate , Bachmann Talis
Published: January 2019

The present study investigated individual differences in how much subjects rely on prior information, such as expectations or knowledge, when faced with perceptual ambiguity. The behavioural performance of forty-four participants was measured on four different visual paradigms (Mooney face recognition, illusory contours, blur detection and representational momentum) in which priors have been shown to affect perception. In addition, questionnaires were used to measure autistic and schizotypal traits in the non-clinical population. We hypothesized that someone who in the face of ambiguous or noisy perceptual input relies heavily on priors, would exhibit this tendency across a variety of tasks. This general pattern would then be reflected in high pairwise correlations between the behavioural measures and an emerging common factor. On the contrary, our results imply that there is no single factor that explains the individual differences present in the aforementioned tasks, as further evidenced by the overall lack of robust correlations between the separate paradigms. Instead, a two-factor structure reflecting differences in the hierarchy of perceptual processing was the best fit for explaining the individual variance in these tasks. This lends support to the notion that mechanisms underlying the effects of priors likely originate from several independent sources and that it is important to consider the role of specific tasks and stimuli more carefully when reporting effects of priors on perception.