bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The evaluation of amniotic fluid lactate level in predicting cesarean delivery and early neonatal acidemia
Authors: Karasin Zeynep Toksoy , Çift Tayfur , Karaşin Süleyman Serkan
Published: June 2022

AIM

Evaluate whether lactate increase in amniotic fluid influences cesarean delivery or correlation of this increase with oxytocin induction and early neonatal blood gas parameters.

METHODS

We designed this prospective study of 408 pregnant women. We divided the groups as vaginal delivery (n=184), emergency cesarean (n=46), and planned cesarean delivery (n=178). We evaluated the AFL values in terms of being associated with labor outcomes and neonatal blood gas parameters.

RESULTS

AFL level was different between all three groups. Cord blood pH, lactate values, and maternal age were different between the groups. We analyzed the AFL level and cord blood lactate (CBL) values according to acidemia. The group's lactate levels with a pH
Fatigue relief by aromatherapy use in prenatal and postnatal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Song Ji-Ah , Yang Hyejin
Published: June 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine aromatherapy interventions for prenatal and postnatal women, and to determine the effectiveness of these interventions on fatigue. Methods: Six national and international databases were reviewed to retrieve and collect studies published up to September 7, 2021, describing randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials of aromatherapy interventions for prenatal and postnatal women’s fatigue. Of the 323 articles initially identified, 64 duplicates were excluded and 259 were screened. After further excluding 216 articles not related to PICO framework, 10 were selected for review. Two reviewers independently selected studies and conducted data extraction and quality appraisal using Cochran’s RoB (Risk of Bias) and RoBANS (Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies). Results: The quality of the 10 selected studies was overall satisfactory. A meta-analysis of three studies showed that aromatherapy with lavender oil? produced a 0.75-point reduction in postnatal mothers’ fatigue when compared to control groups. Sleep quality was also analyzed as a secondary outcome of fatigue. A meta-analysis of four studies using lavender and/or orange peel oil found that aromatherapy produced a 0.98-point improvement in postnatal mothers’ quality of sleep. Although a meta-analysis could not be conducted to synthesize the findings for fatigue in pregnant women, inhalation and massage therapy using lavender oil showed positive effects on prenatal fatigue and sleep quality. Conclusion: Aromatherapy using lavender oil and orange peel oil is effective in improving prenatal and postnatal fatigue and sleep quality.
Severe and delayed-onset acneiform eruptions as an adverse reaction to regorafenib
Authors: Otsuka Haruhiko , Fukumoto Takeshi , Kiyota Naomi , Takemori Chihiro , Jimbo Haruki , Nishigori Chikako
Published: June 2022

Regorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor targeting several tyrosine kinase receptors including BRAF and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and is approved as a third-line treatment for metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). While acneiform eruptions have been observed in patients receiving other BRAF and EGFR inhibitors, the commonly reported adverse reactions to regorafenib are fatigue and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia. Herein, we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first case who presented with a severe acneiform eruption 24 months after beginning regorafenib for the treatment of GIST. A 61-year-old woman developed GIST with multiple liver metastases, and she was treated with imatinib and sunitinib. However, these therapies were discontinued, and regorafenib was administered. Twenty-four months after beginning regorafenib, she developed an acneiform eruption on her back. Histopathologic analysis of a skin biopsy from the back revealed neutrophilic suppurative folliculitis. Therefore, she postponed regorafenib administration for 2 months and was treated with topical application of clindamycin phosphate hydrate, which was effective. Consistent with reported evidence that the presence of acneiform eruption and the efficacy of EGFR inhibitors are positively associated, regorafenib had good anticancer activity in our patient. Ultimately, we found that although regorafenib-associated skin toxicities usually appear within 1 month of treatment, patients potentially can present with delayed-onset acneiform eruptions even 24 months later.
Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma of the scalp: dermatosurgical approach with favourable outcome
Authors: Tchernev Georgi , Kandathil Lorraine Joseph , Oliveira Nikhil , Cardoso Jose Carlos , Patterson James W.
Published: June 2022

Although described as early as 1975 as a distinct, rare form of cancer with diverse localization, primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma (PCACC) remains a mystery and challenge for both clinicians and pathologists. The clinical presentation cannot be clearly distinguished from amelanotic melanoma or intradermal nevus, Merkel cell carcinoma, trichofolliculoma, trichoepithelioma or other rare tumors of the adnexa, or dermatofibrosarcoma protuber-ans. The histopathological diagnosis requires not only careful evaluation of standard hematoxylin/eosin preparations, but also immunohistochemical staining with a number of markers such as epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), S-100, SOX-10, Ki-67, CD-117 (c-kit), Vimentin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Ber-EP4 and many others. The surgical approach should consist of excision with margins between 1 and 2 cm, with the choice of margins depending upon the histopathological findings in the primary excisional specimen. We present a 31-year-old patient with an enlarging, ame-lanotic, plaque-like tumor of the scalp with a duration of no more than 18-24 months. Surgical treatment was performed within two surgical sessions with a total resection field of 1.3 cm. A good cosmetic result was achieved.
Metachronous bilateral breast cancer diagnosed with primary breast lymphoma and mucinous carcinoma
Authors: Simsek Melih , Aykas Fatma , Yildirim Ahmet Ozgen
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and 2-11% of the cases are bilateral. Bilateral breast cancer frequently emerges as a second primary cancer. Lymphoma and mucinous carcinoma of breast are very rare. Here we present a case, of bilateral breast cancer with metachronous lymphoma and mucinous carcinoma.

Case History:

57-year old female had received chemotherapy and radiotherapy for stage IA Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) located in right breast. At 14th month of her breast DLBCL diagnosis, a diagnosis of mucinous carcinoma was determined in her left breast. After surgery, adjuvant anastrozole was initiated. The patient is still in follow-up with remission at her sixth year of DLBCL diagnosis and fifth year of mucinous carcinoma diagnosis.

Conclusions:

The evaluation of unilateral breast cancer patients in terms of bilateral breast cancer occurrence risk has become important.
Dosimetric evaluation of hybrid and volumetric-modulated arc therapy plan for left-sided chest wall irradiation in MONACO treatment planning system
Authors: Sathiyaraj P. , Manikandan P. Senthil , Varatharaj C. , Ganesh K. M. , Sathiyan S. , Ravikumar M.
Published: June 2022

Background and Objective:

Radiation induced toxicities in heart and lungs are diminishes the survival rate of cancer patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the dosimetric parameters of hybrid plans for chest wall irradiation of left breast carcinoma patients using Monaco treatment planning system and compare with the volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment plans. Materials and Methods: Fifteen carcinoma left breast patients were randomly selected to evaluate the advantage of hybrid plan over VMAT. Hybrid plans were generated with 70% and 30% dose contribution from forward intensity-modulated radiotherapy and VMAT, respectively, whereas VMAT had been done with full prescription. Conformity and homogeneity indices were evaluated for target coverage between hybrid and VMAT plans.

Results:

Hybrid plan has proved its superiority over VMAT in terms of better organ at risk sparing and lesser low dose spillage and at the same time providing comparable target coverage. In low-dose spectrum, VMAT showed higher dose–volume than the hybrid plan. The maximum variation was found to be 44.75% at 7 Gy and the minimum dose difference was observed at 1 Gy (6.02%). Conclusion: This study suggests that the hybrid plan could be a better option for left-sided chest wall irradiation in regular clinical practice.
Awareness and practice of breast self-examination (BSE) with its socio-demographic associates
Authors: Kumawat Pragya , Gupta Ajay , Gaur Kusum L. , Meena Sadhana , Sisodia Gajendra S. , Jahan Ishrat
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Breast cancer is the most common cancer of women worldwide. Early diagnosis of it has a very important role in its management. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a key to the early diagnosis of breast cancer.

Materials and Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 females of Jaipur city. This study was conducted by a house-to-house survey through a systematic random sampling technique in the field practice area of the Urban Health Training Centre (UHTC) of SMS medical college, Jaipur (Rajasthan), India. A predesigned semi-structured questionnaire containing predesigned questions regarding knowledge and practice of BSE was used to collect data. A Chi-square test was used to find out associations.

Results:

Only 18% of females were aware of BSE and 5.7% of the females were practicing BSE. Health professionals (31.03%) were the main source of knowledge. Only 50% of females who have heard the name of BSE, knew that it is performed by self. Awareness and practice of BSE both were found to be associated with religion, education, socioeconomic status, and occupation and there was no association with age and marital status. Females with higher education and socioeconomic status were more aware of BSE. The most common (94.69%) reason for not practicing BSE was the lack of awareness of steps followed by ‘find it unnecessary’.

Conclusion:

As knowledge and practice of BSE were observed very poor and considering the important role that can be played by BSE in the early diagnosis and management of breast cancer, there is an urgent need to implement and reinforce BSE in the existing cancer awareness and screening programs. IEC activities regarding BSE also motivated proper knowledge of BSE.
Students’ response to implementation of ‘OSPE’ as a tool for assessment of practical skills of undergraduates in the subject of anatomy
Authors: Shinde Smita , Shroff Gautam Ajit , Gulanikar Suvarna , Kadam Savita
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

For evaluating the practical knowledge of the students, objective structured practical examination (OSPE) has been used as a tool several times. The assessment of the student’s potential in different ways is a part of medical education. The practical examination is a typical method of assessment of practical and clinical skills but it lacks an assessment of the psychomotor and communication skills of the student. OSPE formats address these lacunae of the current system. However, it is necessary to assess the OSPE from a student’s perspective. The current study is designed to obtain the student’s opinion regarding OSPE as a tool of assessment in practical examinations.

Aims and Objectives:

To determine the opinion of students about OSPE as a tool among1st-year medical undergraduates to assess the teaching-learning process in anatomy.

Materials and Methods:

150 first-year undergraduates of competency-based medical education (CBME) batch of 2019–20 from the Department of Anatomy of MGM Medical College, Aurangabad, India were chosen for assessing practical skills. A structured questionnaire was designed and distributed among them to collect the required data to assess students’ evaluation of the OSPE.

Results and Observations:

A total of 150 questionnaires were filled by students with a 90% response rate. The majority of the students favored the inclusion of OSPEas as an assessment tool in the final examinations.

Conclusion:

The study reveals that the majority of the students (68%) have found OSPE as an acceptable tool. The OSPE is reliable for formative as well as a summative assessment for undergraduate medical students.
Malakoplakia of the prostate
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Nisha T. , Saldanha Prema , Shamsudeen Bency
Published: June 2022

Prostatic malakoplakia is a rare chronic inflammatory disease with only a few cases reported in the literature. It is believed to be caused by an impaired histiocytic response against bacteria. This is a case report of a 65-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus presenting with complaints of generalized weakness and fever of 4-day duration. Laboratory investigations showed pyuria, and urine culture showed Escherichia coli. An abdominal Computerised Tomography (CT) scan revealed left-sided pyelonephritis and a prostatic abscess. Double-J stenting with Trans-Rectal Ultrasound Scan (TRUS) biopsy was done. The biopsy showed features of malakoplakia of the prostate without any associated malignancy.
Exploring clues for wide variations in COVID-19 fatality rates among countries
Authors: Ghosh Prasanta Kumar
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 flu has been the worst pandemic on earth in more than a century and has thus far claimed more than six million lives worldwide. As of 19th March 2022, there were 57 major countries where one million or more COVID-19cases were registered, and the deaths reported therein constituted 92.3% of the total deaths worldwide. The high mortality rate is associated with comorbid conditions of the infected. Obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, tuberculosis, and a higher percentage of the aged population (more than 65y) were identified as major morbidity conditions among others. Mycobacterium sensitized healthy people were found to resist the disease more efficiently. Prior vaccination with human influenza virus vaccines had considerable protective effects against catching or manifesting severity in COVID-19 flu. Timely vaccination with an approved vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 was considered immensely protective from the disease. All countries should therefore adopt policy measures that ensure adequate vaccination among their population.
Effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation in stroke patients
Authors: Sindwani Priyanka , Chauhan Priya
Published: June 2022

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is normally used for the effects of stroke on corticomotor satisfaction, intracortical function, and interhemispheric interactions. The interhemispheric inhibition model states that the detection of motor function after a stroke is linked to a re-evaluation of asymmetric interhemispheric inhibition and corticomotor excitability. This model creates a reason to use neuromodulation techniques to reduce the excitement of the unaffected motor cortex and to facilitate the excitement of the affected motor cortex. However, the proof base for using neuromodulation strategies to decorate motor recovery after a stroke is not blanketed. Among stroke patients, TMS has become increasingly popular, as variations in neuronal sensitivity generated via modifications in the ionic balance of activated neurons are accountable for the quick-time period consequences of TMS. But, to be effective and accurate in treating sufferers, we gathered information from several sources, including articles with the terms TMS and stroke rehabilitation in the title. The previous research has mostly relied on randomized controlled trials; hence, a review of age studies with carefully determined inclusion criteria is required. The most important findings from this study’s implications and relevance are that TMS is somewhat beneficial, but there are still considerably more advances to be made for accurate and effective results.
A case of subclinical hypothyroidism with cerebellar ataxia
Authors: Sabnis Shwet , Biswas Tushar K.
Published: June 2022

Hypothyroidism is a common condition, the symptoms and signs of which vary with the duration and magnitude of thyroid hormone deficiency. Hypothyroidism can have rare neurologic problems such as reversible cerebellar ataxia. Subclinical hypothyroidism refers to biochemical evidence of thyroid hormone deficiency in patients who have few or no apparent clinical features of hypothyroidism. Here, we present a case of a 70-year-old woman with complaints of giddiness and unsteadiness of 6 months’ duration. Subsequent evaluation revealed titubation, broad-based reeling gait, and dysarthria. A MRI of the brain showed diffuse moderate cerebral atrophy with periventricular ischemic white matter changes and normal cerebellum. Further investigations revealed evidence of subclinical hypothyroidism. The patient was started on oral thyroxine supplements with a relief of symptoms following 3 weeks after the initiation of treatment and a complete recovery from symptoms after about 3 months of the initiation of treatment. The association of cerebellar involvement at the stage of subclinical hypothyroidism is a rare finding, making the case academically interesting.
Treatment outcomes of concurrent weekly cisplatin with intracavitary brachytherapy in patients with cervical carcinoma, pre-treated with concurrent chemo-radiotherapy
Authors: Mallick Swapan K. , Deb Asit R. , Nahid Gufran K.
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Cervical carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. This study evaluates improvement of quality of life, response to treatment, and compliance of concurrent weekly cisplatin with intracavitary brachytherapy (ICRT) in patients with cervical carcinoma, pre-treated with concurrent chemo-radiotherapy.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted in the Department of Radiotherapy, Government Medical College, from October 2018 to March 2020, meeting specified inclusion and exclusion criteria; patients willing to participate in the study were included.

Results:

On analyzing the pattern of response, 91.0% of patients have a complete response. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was observed at grade 1 or 2 in 80.0% of patients, grade 3 in 17.0% of patients, and more than grade 3 in 3.0% of patients. Neutropenia is occurred at less than grade 3 in 30.0% of patients and grade 3 or more in 3.3% of patients. Vaginal mucositis was also observed in 85.0% of the patients in less than grade 3 and 11.6% in grade 3 or more. The incidence of renal dysfunction less than grade 3 was seen in 35.0% of the patients and grade 3 or more in 5.0% of the patients. After 6months, there was cystitis found in less than grade 3 in 10.0% of the patients and more than grade 3 in 3.3% of the patients.

Conclusion:

In locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, the addition of concurrent injection of cisplatin to ICRT significantly improves locoregional response but increases the incidence of hematological and mucosal toxicity, which is manageable.
Prevalence of Obesity in Women of Reproductive Age Group and Related Factors. A Study from Southeastern Turkey
Authors: Şahin T , Borlu A
Published: June 2022

Background:

Obesity is an important public health issue with an increasing prevalence in Turkey as well as throughout the world.

Aims:

The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence of obesity in women of reproductive age group living in Adıyaman which is located in southeastern Turkey and the factors related to it.

Patients and Methods:

This descriptive study was carried out with 1,100 women registered at Family Health Centers in the Adıyaman city center. Data were collected through a face-to-face survey method and evaluated on a computer. Chi-square and logistic regression evaluations were used in comparisons and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The mean age of the women was 32.94 ± 8.65; 78.3% of them were homemakers, and half were elementary school graduates or less educated; 57.6% of the women were overweight with 24.1% being obese. It was observed that women's body mass index increased with their age and decreased with higher levels of education. Also, the study showed that the risk of being overweight increased 3,2 times for married women and 2,0 times for unemployed women. Additionally, the rate of women being overweight was higher among the women with more number of previous pregnancies.

Conclusion:

Prevalence of obesity among women of reproductive age was high in the Adıyaman city center. Specific training should be planned, especially for women with low education levels, for fighting obesity.
Hip Dislocation Based on Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) in a Patient with Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus (GCMN)
Authors: Kaya M , Muratli HH
Published: June 2022

Giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) is a rare congenital benign neoplasm with the potential to become malignant. Various extracutaneous malformations may accompany GCMN. Acetabular dysplasia accompanying GCMN was described in previous studies. To the best of our knowledge, this case report of ours is the first reported case of GCMN diagnosed and treated with hip dislocation based on developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The rare coexistence prompted us to report this case.
Sessile Serrated Adenoma of the Appendix Coexists with Anaplastic Carcinoma Mural Nodules Originating from Ovarian Mucinous Tumors
Authors: Wang P , Wang XJ , Wang XY , Wang CY
Published: June 2022

Sessile serrated adenomas (SSA) of the appendix and anaplastic carcinoma mural nodules arising in the mucinous ovarian tumors (MOT) are rare lesions. We report a case of SSA in the appendix coexisting with an anaplastic carcinoma mural nodule in MOT. No BRAC1/BRAC2 germline mutations were found in the peripheral blood sample. The paraffin-embedded tissue from normal tissue (as a control), MOT, mural nodule, and SSA of the appendix were separately sequenced by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Based on the NGS results, stop-gain, chromosome DEL or TRA in mural nodules and SSA were detected, which were different from those in the mucinous tumors. In conclusion, we reported a case of SSA in the appendix coexisting with a mural nodule in MOT. We describe the morphological characteristics and molecular detection results in this case. There was no clear genetic evidence of a correlation between these two rare pathological types.
Sonographic Measurements of Inferior Vena Cava, Aorta, anda IVC/Aorta Ratio in Healthy Children
Authors: Horoz OO , Yildizdas D , Aslan N , Coban Y , Misirlioglu M , Haytoglu Z , Sertdemir Y , Gundeslioglu OO , Soyupak S
Published: June 2022

Background:

Assessment of intravascular volume status is important in pediatric patients admitted to the emergency departments and pediatric intensive care units. Inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter and collapsibility index are used to evaluate the intravascular volume status in adults. The normal range of IVC diameter is available for adults and the normal range considered for adults is between 1.7 to 2.1 cm, but such normative data is limited for children of all ages.

Aims:

Our aim in this study was to obtain the IVC and the aorta diameter reference values and the mean vena cava collapsibility index in healthy and normovolemic children.

Subjects and Methods:

Vena cava inferior and aorta images in B mode were obtained. IVC diameter in the inspiratory and the largest IVC diameter in the expiratory were recorded, and the vena cava collapsibility index was calculated.

Results:

Ultrasonographic measurements were performed in total on 1938 children. A significant positive correlation was found between IVC and aorta diameters with age. The collapsibility index was found as 37.2% (SD 11.8) in the overall study population. In addition, the reference values for the IVC and aorta diameters obtained from the measurements were also acquired.

Conclusions:

We believe that our IVC and aorta diameter measurements obtained from a large number of participants may be used as reference values in emergency departments and intensive care units.
Evaluation of Color Change Before and After Polymerization of Laminate Veneer Restorations
Authors: Özişçi Ö , Küçükesmen HC
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim:

The purpose of this in vivo study was to investigate the effect of translucent adhesive resin cement on the final color of ceramic laminate veneer restoration before and after polymerization in intraoral conditions.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted in 92 ceramic laminate veneer restorations of 27 patients. The ceramic laminate veneer restorations in standard thickness lithium disilicate ceramic structure (IPS e.max Press HT, Ivoclar Vivadent) were cemented to the tooth with translucent light-polymerized resin cement (Choice 2 Starter Kit, Bisco).

Results:

It was observed a clinically noticeable color change between ΔE values before and after polymerization (ΔE >3.3). There was a statistically significant difference in b* values, ΔL value, and Δb value.

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of this in vivo study, the results suggest that light polymerization of the translucent resin cement (Choice 2, Bisco) used is an important factor for the final color of the restoration and should be considered during shade selection and fabrication.
Simulating Submandibular Area with Everyday-Use Materials in Dental Education
Authors: Geduk G , Geduk SE , Seker C
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim:

The aim of our study is to prepare a head–neck phantom model for ultrasound suitable for submandibular anatomy to be used in the education of research assistants in the department of radiology in dentistry, and to compare different materials for this purpose.

Materials and Methods:

To make the planned phantom model, we used aluminum foil suitable for the curvature of the mandible instead of bone, pasta, or parsley stalk and balloon/glove to mimic the myofascial structure instead of muscles, tube of an infusion system instead of blood vessels, ketchup/mayonnaise/honey instead of gland structures (in a small balloon), and small balloons filled with water or mayonnaise with a tube of an infusion system or pipette instead of lymph nodes.

Results:

After the examinations, it was decided to put ballistic gel for soft tissue, aluminum foil for bone, spaghetti and ketchup in a balloon for muscle, mayonnaise in small balloons for lymph nodes, ketchup in a balloon for submandibular gland, and a tube of an infusion system for the artery.

Conclusion:

The submandibular region phantom can be a useful tool for learning the sonoanatomy of the head, neck, and submandibular region and improving the ability to use ultrasound. The advantage of the prepared model is that it is easy to use, prepare and apply materials accessible to any dentist, and can be used over and over again.
Comparative Evaluation of Retention and Cariostatic Effect of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Resin-Based Sealants
Authors: Alharthy H , Elkhodary HM , Nahdreen A , Al Tuwirqi A , Baghlaf K
Published: June 2022

Background:

Evidence-based information should be provided to clinicians to explain the effectiveness of hydrophilic and hydrophobic forms of resin based sealants (RBSs).

Aim:

To assess and evaluate the retention and cariostatic effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic RBSs in primary and/ or permanent teeth with at least a follow-up period of 3 months.

Materials and Methods:

Five databases were searched up to September 2021 for randomized and non-randomized clinical trials (RCTs and non-RCTs) that evaluated the retention and cariostatic effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic RBSs. Two authors nominated the papers, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias.

Results:

By comparing the retention rate and caries incidence between groups, pooled-effect estimates of included articles were generated. After removing duplicates from the 2,810 titles found, only 1938 remained. Twelve of these were thoroughly examined. A total of 12 papers met the inclusion criteria in qualitative analysis: seven RCTs and five non-RCTs. Only ten studies were included in the meta-analysis: five RCTs and five non-RCTs. After 12 months of follow-up, no significant difference was found in the retention of hydrophilic and hydrophobic RBSs with and without a bonding agent. After 12 months of follow-up, no significant difference was found in the cariostatic effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic RBSs.

Conclusion:

There was no statistically significant difference in retention and the cariostatic impact was found between hydrophilic and hydrophobic RBSs.
Uptake and Usage of Proguanil as Malaria Chemoprophylaxis and the Socio-Economic Determinants of Proguanil Usage in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia in Benin City
Authors: Enato IG , Odunvbun ME
Published: June 2022

Background:

Proguanil is currently the recommended drug used for malaria chemoprophylaxis in children with Sickle cell anaemia (SCA).

Aims:

This study aims to determine the uptake and usage of proguanil as malaria chemoprophylaxis and the socioeconomic determinants of its usage in children aged 6–59 months. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in two major sickle cell clinics in Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria. A total of 420 participants were interviewed using semistructured questionnaires.

Patients and Methods:

Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analysis of quantitative data were done using SPSS version 21.

Results:

The uptake of proguanil among study participants was 67.4%; of these number, 268 (94.7%) reported daily use of proguanil. Only 3 (0.7%) used pyrimethamine as chemoprophylaxis, while 134 (31.9%) used no form of malaria chemoprophylaxis. Having mothers with higher level of education (LOE) (P = 0.013, odds ratio [OR] = 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15–3.17), attending clinic at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) (P = 0.044, OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.02–4.54), older age group (36–59 months) (P = 0.015, OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.11–2.51), and owning insecticide-treated net (ITN) (P = 0.000, OR = 3.11, 95% CI = 1.98–4.88) were significant positive predictors for the usage of proguanil.

Conclusion:

Proguanil uptake was low. Attending sickle-cell clinic at UBTH, having mothers with tertiary LOE, and owning ITN were social factors associated with high usage of proguanil amongst children with SCA. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of the uptake and usage of proguanil in children is important, so as to aid policy implementation and review.
Preferences of Different Breast Reduction Techniques
Authors: Marouf A , Mortada H , Almutairi K
Published: June 2022

Background:

Breast reduction is a common and safe procedure with predicted cosmetic outcomes. Many techniques have evolved over the recent decades.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to determine what type of breast reduction techniques are currently preferred among board certificated Saudi plastic surgeons and assess the surgeons' satisfaction, surgeon-reported patient satisfaction, and complication rates post breast reduction with the preferred techniques.

Materials and Methods:

This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. The questionnaire was adapted from previously published studies and distributed to a small group before full-scale distribution to Saudi plastic surgeons by email and communication groups.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 45.4 (± 8.9). Most participants were males (82%), and the majority held a Saudi board (44%), and 20% held a Canadian board. Significant differences between different board certifications, held fellowship, and years of experience emerged in terms of surgical preferences. The two most common complications reported by surgeons were suture splitting (34%) and excess scarring (24%).

Conclusions:

In Saudi Arabia, inverted T resection patterns with superior or superomedial pedicle designs are the standard techniques used in breast reduction, with higher satisfaction rates and fewer complications. Surgical preferences were significantly different between surgeons based on their training and held fellowships.
Diagnostic Challenge and Surgical Management of Multiple Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors – A Case Report
Authors: Jovanovic S , Tadic B , Knezevic DJ , Ostojic S
Published: June 2022

Insulinoma is the most common functional solitary, benign pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. In this paper, we share our experience of triple pancreatic insulinomas, with an idea to highlight the fact that despite the high frequency of solitary insulinoma, there is the possibility of multiple lesions and point out the need for a systematic and detailed radiographic and clinical examination. A 33-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic due to chronic fatigue, sweating, sporadic episodes of palpitations, unsteady hands, and blurred images, which resolve spontaneously after a few minutes. A comprehensive radiological examination revealed two lesions in the pancreatic tail, highly indicative of neuroendocrine tumor – insulinoma, so we elected for surgical treatment. Intraoperative exploration by manual palpation and ultrasonography revealed two more lesions. In the case of sporadically distributed lesions in the pancreas and if it is not possible to accurately differentiate those that represent the insulinoma for sure, the surgical procedure should be delayed. Additionally, tests such as selective arterial calcium stimulation testing should be carried out, and then, with more information in hands, make a re-plan of the potential surgical treatment which should be made.
Prevalence of Electronic Cigarette Usage Among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia – A Systematic Review
Authors: Patil S , Fageeh HN , Mushtaq S , Ajmal M , Chalikkandy SN , Ashi H , Ahmad ZH , Khan SS , Khanagar S , Varadarajan S , Sarode SC , Sarode GS
Published: June 2022

The systematic review aimed to report the prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) usage among medical students in Saudi Arabia. Electronic databases were searched for scientific research articles published from January 2010 until December 2020. The data search was performed in electronic search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Saudi Digital Library. A total of five research articles that qualified the eligibility criteria were analyzed for qualitative data. The sample size in the included studies ranged from 229 to 1007 participants. The prevalence of e-cigarette usage ranged from 10.6% to 27.7% among medical students in Saudi Arabia. Studies have also reported that the prevalence of e-cigarette usage is higher among the male population in comparison with the female population. The prevalence of e-cigarette usage among medical students in Saudi Arabia is high. Similar to tobacco smoking, e-cigarette usage is a major public health issue and concern among the younger population because they have potential benefits in some and are harmful to some and also it is still unclear whether they are effective for quitting smoking. Regulatory bodies must focus and initiate strict laws and policies to minimize the sales of these products to the younger population. Health promotion strategies need to be developed to reduce the usage of e-cigarettes.
Factors Affecting Routine Medical Screening Among Health Workers in a Tertiary Hospital in Delta State
Authors: Abadom EG , Otene CI
Published: June 2022

Background:

Routine medical screening usually involves periodic history taking, physical examination, and laboratory tests on a regular basis for asymptomatic individuals for continuing self-health care.

Aim:

This study aimed to determine the knowledge, practice, and factors affecting practice of routine medical screening among health workers in Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara.

Subjects and Methods:

The study population comprised all staff of the hospital. The sample size was determined using the Yamane formula; n = N/1 + N (e) = 295. A structured questionnaire was distributed among the various staff of the hospital that consented to participate in the study by agreeing to complete the questionnaire. Permission for the study was obtained from Ethics committee of the hospital. Data analysis was by SPSS version 22 (IBM).

Results:

About 297 participants completed their questionnaires. Female respondents (53.20%) participated more than males (46.80%). Nurses made up 25.5%, 18.8% were doctors, and 16.4% were administrative staff. Among the respondents, knowledge score was good in 58.3%, fair in 25.1%, and poor in 25.1%. The perception score among the respondents was good in 187 and poor in 110. The main reasons for not doing routine medical screening in the last one year were attributed to cost of tests (36.4%). The main reasons for doing a medical test in the past one year were mainly because of illness (60.0%). The practice of routine medical screening score was good in (26.2%) and poor in (73.7%). There was statistically significant association between sex and practice of routine medical screening, females had better practice of routine medical screening compared to men, P = 0.004. The main factors that affected routine medical screening were sex, being managed for a medical condition, and cost of the medical screening.

Conclusion:

The practice of routine medical screening by the health care workers in our region is poor despite the demonstration of a good knowledge. The major factors affecting uptake of routine medical screening were sex, history of being managed for a health condition, and financial constraint. Staff of the hospital should be better enlightened on the use and importance of the Contributory Health Scheme in routine medical screening.
Jucys–Murphy elements and Grothendieck groups for generalized rook monoids
Authors: Mazorchuk Volodymyr , Srivastava Shraddha
Published: June 2022

We consider a tower of generalized rook monoid algebras over the field

\mathbb{C}

of complex numbers and observe that the Bratteli diagram associated to this tower is a simple graph. We construct simple modules and describe Jucys–Murphy elements for generalized rook monoid algebras.

Over an algebraically closed field

\Bbbk

of positive characteristic

p

, utilizing Jucys–Murphy elements of rook monoid algebras, for

0\leq i\leq p-1

we define the corresponding

i

-restriction and

i

-induction functors along with two extra functors. On the direct sum

\mathcal{G}_{\mathbb{C}}

of the Grothendieck groups of module categories over rook monoid algebras over

\Bbbk

, these functors induce an action of the tensor product of the universal enveloping algebra

U(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_p(\mathbb{C}))

and the monoid algebra

\mathbb{C}[\mathcal{B}]

of the bicyclic monoid

\mathcal{B}

. Furthermore, we prove that

\mathcal{G}_{\mathbb{C}}

is isomorphic to the tensor product of the basic representation of

U(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_{p}(\mathbb{C}))

and the unique infinite-dimensional simple module over

\mathbb{C}[\mathcal{B}]

, and also exhibit that

\mathcal{G}_{\mathbb{C}}

is a bialgebra. Under some natural restrictions on the characteristic of

\Bbbk

, we outline the corresponding result for generalized rook monoids.
Office based inferior turbinate coblation treatment: a randomized controlled trial on effectiveness and tolerability of medicinal honey
Authors: Aukema T.W. , Edens M.A. , Rinia A.B.
Published: June 2022

Background: When conservative treatment for nasal obstruction fails, surgery is often applied. Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy (ITH) is a common cause of nasal obstruction, which can be treated by means of radiofrequency coblation. This technique can be administered under local anesthesia (office based coblation; OBC) and if expedient combined with a lateralization (out-fracture) of the inferior turbinate (IT). Ointment based on medical grade honey, is known to have wound healing characteristics. Methodology: Single center, single blinded randomized controlled trial. Fifty-five subjects received bilateral OBC of the IT. Subjects were randomized to postoperative care with either nasal saline irrigations (NSI) or NSI combined with ointment based on honey (NSI+STB). Subjects weekly reported subjectively overall nasal burden, -crusting, -pain, loss of smell by means of VAS-scores and nasal obstruction by means of the NL-NOSE scale. Results: No significant differences between the NSI and NSI+STB groups, though the latter showed less pain. Concerning the study group as a whole, mean nasal burden score and nasal obstruction significantly decreased from 63.4 to 16.0 and 65.3 to 22.0, respectively. Nasal crusting, -pain, and loss of smell largely resolved 3-4 weeks postoperatively and were only mild. Concomitant lateralization showed a tendency to quicker resolution of the nasal obstruction. Conclusions: OBC is a safe, well tolerated and effective treatment for nasal obstruction caused by ITH. Concerning multiple end-points, we found no evidence of a beneficial effect of ointment based on honey as addition to NSI in postoperative care, except a clear tendency in less crusting and pain.
English–Korean speech translation corpus (EnKoST‐C): Construction procedure and evaluation results
Authors: Bang Jeong‐Uk , Maeng Joon‐Gyu , Park Jun , Yun Seung , Kim Sang‐Hun
Published: June 2022

We present an English–Korean speech translation corpus, named EnKoST‐C. End‐to‐end model training for speech translation tasks often suffers from a lack of parallel data, such as speech data in the source language and equivalent text data in the target language. Most available public speech translation corpora were developed for European languages, and there is currently no public corpus for English–Korean end‐to‐end speech translation. Thus, we created an EnKoST‐C centered on TED Talks. In this process, we enhance the sentence alignment approach using the subtitle time information and bilingual sentence embedding information. As a result, we built a 559‐h English–Korean speech translation corpus. The proposed sentence alignment approach showed excellent performance of 0.96 f‐measure score. We also show the baseline performance of an English–Korean speech translation model trained with EnKoST‐C. The EnKoST‐C is freely available on a Korean government open data hub site.
Hierarchical Bayesian Networks for Predicting the Structural Behavior of Coupled Systems
Authors: Hülsebrock Moritz , Schmidt Hendrik , Stoll Georg , Atzrodt Heiko
Published: June 2022

Simulations play an important role in the continuing effort to reduce development time and risks. However, large and complex models are necessary to accurately simulate the dynamic behavior of complex engineering systems. In recent years, the use of data-driven models based on machine learning (ML) algorithms has become popular for predicting the structural dynamic behavior of mechanical systems. Due to their advantages in capturing non-linear behavior and efficient calculation, data-driven models are used in a variety of fields like uncertainty quantification, optimization problems, and structural health monitoring. However, the black box structure of ML models reduces the interpretability of the results and complicates the decision-making process. Hierarchical Bayesian Networks (HBNs) offer a framework to combine expert knowledge with the advantages of ML algorithms. In general, Bayesian Networks (BNs) allow connecting inputs, parameters, outputs, and experimental data of various models to predict the overall system-level dynamic behavior. This characteristic of BNs enables a divide and conquer approach. Hence, complex engineering systems can be split into more easily describable subsystems. HBNs are an extension of BNs that can use knowledge about the structure of the data to introduce a bias that can contribute to improving the modelling result. In this work, an approach to design a HBN is presented where each model in the network can be a parametric reduced finite-element models. The influence of the hierarchical approach is evaluated by comparing a HBN and a BN of the model from the Sandia structural dynamics challenge.
Energy Harvesting for Lightweight Design by Means of Ferroelectret Transmission Mechanisms Arranged in Clusters
Authors: Holzmann Hendrik , Stoll Georg , Atzrodt Heiko
Published: June 2022

Aircraft traffic causes a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions. Since modern aircrafts are highly electrified, the total weight is affected by cables within the components. Piezoelectric energy harvesting appears to be a reasonable option for reducing cables in certain parts of the aircraft and hence reducing fuel consumption. The proposed work covers energy harvesting in lightweight design with transmission mechanisms using so-called ferroelectrets. The energy harvester (EH) design is motivated by a strain-excitation in an aircraft wing caused by a quasi-stationary dynamic pressure. Ferroelectrets are piezoelectric polymers that show a higher ecological compatibility and a much higher structural flexibility than piezoceramics. Furthermore they provide charge constants in the same order of magnitude as piezoceramics. As a novelty compared to previous studies the energy harvesters are arranged in a cluster in the concept presented herein to increase the power output within a certain area. A central research question is, if and to what extent energy harvesting is possible using a cluster of ferroelectret EHs without and with additional seismic masses to increase the power output and the power output per total cluster mass. This question is answered with the help of a numerical simulation of a modally reduced finite element beam structure subject to a force excitation. The applied cluster is simulated using simplified, yet validated EH models. They are coupled to the structure using only a set of node numbers. In this way the suitability of the ferroelectret transmission mechanisms as vibroacoustic metamaterials for energy harvesting in aircrafts is estimated as the final result of the work.
Sensitivity Analysis of NVH Simulations with Stochastic Input Parameters for a Car Body
Authors: Cram Sophie , Luegmair Marinus , Schmid Johannes D. , Marburg Steffen
Published: June 2022

Uncertainties play a major role in vibroacoustics - especially in car body design in the preliminary development because of the overall spread in the production that should be covered with one simulation model. Therefore, we use uncertain input parameters to determine the stochastically distributed admittance of the car body before each part of the car is fully designed. To gain a stochastic result - the stochastically distributed admittance curve - we calculate a deterministic finite element simulation several times with sets of stochastically distributed input parameter values. To reduce simulation time and cost of the car model with many million degrees of freedom we focus on the uncertain parameters that show a significant influence on the admittance curve. It is therefore necessary to be able to accurately estimate for each parameter if its influence on the admittance of the car body plays a major role for the noise vibration harshness simulation. A sensitivity analysis describes the connection between model input and output and the influence of the input on the output. We conduct a two-step global sensitivity analysis which is based on the generalized polynomial chaos expansion to determine the sensitivity of the parameters. Since the less sensitive parameters hardly influence the admittance curve of the car body, we can simulate them as deterministic values. In the further research, we will focus on the most sensitive parameters.