bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a Mobile App for Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Injuries
Authors: Salomé Geraldo Magela , Ferreira Lydia Masako
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE:

This descriptive study describes the planning and development of a mobile application (app) for prevention and treatment of pressure injuries for use by providers in a university research center. The app delineates risk factors for pressure injury development, provides an evaluation of the wound, recommends wound cleansing procedures, performs pressure injury staging, and recommends treatment interventions.

METHODS:

A mobile app was developed using a contextualized instructional design, which involves a constructivist proposal and planning, developing, and applying specific didactic situations, thus incorporating mechanisms that favor contextualization. A literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies for the construction of the mobile app. The development process involved the selection of app tools, definition of the navigation structure, and planning of the environment configuration. The environment for downloading the app software on the Internet and installing it on the mobile device was created.

MAIN RESULTS:

The literature search yielded 18 articles, 2 books, and 1 master’s degree thesis. A mobile app was created with an easy-to-use graphic interface. The app stores the patient’s demographic characteristics and provides an evaluation of his/her wound, a list of risk factors for pressure injury development, wound cleansing procedures, and treatment interventions.

CONCLUSIONS:

The developed app may be useful in clinical practice, helping to prevent pressure injuries and promote select nursing interventions for the treatment of patients with pressure injury.
Interdisciplinary Team Evaluation: An Effective Method for the Diagnostic Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Gerdts Jennifer , Mancini James , Fox Emily , Rhoads Candace , Ward Tracey , Easley Erin , Bernier Raphael A.
Published: January 2018

Objective:

The objective of this research is to assess the feasibility of an interdisciplinary team diagnostic assessment model for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Method:

Medical records from 366 patients evaluated for ASD at the Seattle Children's Autism Center (SCAC) were reviewed. ASD diagnostic outcomes, provider satisfaction, engagement in follow-up care, billed time, and reimbursement amounts were compared in patients evaluated through an interdisciplinary team approach (n = 91) with those seen in multidisciplinary evaluations led by either a psychologist (n = 165) or a physician (n = 110).

Results:

Diagnostic determination was made in 90% of patients evaluated through the interdisciplinary team model in a single day. Rates of ASD diagnosis were similar across the 3 tracks, ranging from 61% to 72%. Demographic characteristics did not impact the likelihood of ASD diagnosis. Rates of patient follow-up care and provider satisfaction were significantly higher in interdisciplinary versus multidisciplinary teams. Interdisciplinary team evaluations billed 1.8 fewer hours yet generated more net hourly clinic income compared with psychology-led multidisciplinary evaluations.

Conclusion:

An interdisciplinary team approach, focusing on ruling-in or ruling-out ASD, was sufficient to determine ASD diagnosis in most patients seen at the SCAC Interdisciplinary teams generated more clinic income and decreased the time spent in evaluation compared with a psychology-led approach. They did so while maintaining consistency in diagnostic rates, demonstrating increased provider satisfaction and an increased likelihood of engagement in follow-up care.
A View From the UK: The UK and Ireland Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths and Morbidity
Authors: KNIGHT MARIAN , TUFFNELL DEREK
Published: January 2018

The UK Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths has been in operation for more than 60 years, during which time maternal mortality rates have fallen 10-fold. The program includes two aspects, surveillance and confidential case review, providing different information to aid quality improvement in maternity care. The enquiry now also reviews the care of women with specific severe morbidities. Recommendations have very clearly led to improved outcomes for women, most notably shown in the very low mortality rate due to hypertensive and related disorders of pregnancy. Maternal cardiac disease and mental health problems remain the major areas still to be addressed.
Validation of Biomarkers for Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Young Matthew R. , Wagner Paul D. , Ghosh Sharmistha , Rinaudo Jo Ann , Baker Stuart G. , Zaret Kenneth S. , Goggins Michael , Srivastava Sudhir
Published: January 2018

Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States, and the 5-year relative survival for patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer is less than 10%. Early intervention is the key to a better survival outcome. Currently, there are no biomarkers that can reliably detect pancreatic cancer at an early stage or identify precursors that are destined to progress to malignancy. The National Cancer Institute in partnership with the Kenner Family Research Fund and the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network convened a Data Jamboree on Biomarkers workshop on December 5, 2016, to discuss and evaluate existing or newly developed biomarkers and imaging methods for early detection of pancreatic cancer. The primary goal of this workshop was to determine if there are any promising biomarkers for early detection of pancreatic cancer that are ready for clinical validation. The Alliance of Pancreatic Cancer Consortia for Biomarkers for Early Detection, formed under the auspices of this workshop, will provide the common platform and the resources necessary for validation. Although none of the biomarkers evaluated seemed ready for a large-scale biomarker validation trial, a number of them had sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity to warrant additional research, especially if combined with other biomarkers to form a panel.
HIV Coinfection Among Persons Diagnosed As Having Sexually Transmitted Diseases, San Francisco, 2007 to 2014
Authors: Chen Miao-Jung , Scheer Susan , Nguyen Trang Q. , Kohn Robert P. , Schwarcz Sandra K.
Published: January 2018

Background

Early syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia but not HIV infections have increased in San Francisco, primarily among men.

Methods

We linked records of persons reported with early syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia to records of persons reported with HIV to measure the proportion and characteristics of San Francisco residents with HIV-sexually transmitted disease (STD) coinfection between 2007 and 2014. We measured trends in HIV coinfection separately for men and women for each STD.

Results

From 2007 to 2014, of the 5745 early syphilis, 18,037 gonorrhea, and 37,224 chlamydia diagnoses that were reported, 66%, 28%, and 15%, respectively, were among persons coinfected with HIV. Men accounted for most persons with early syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia HIV coinfection. For early syphilis and HIV coinfection, among men who have sex with men (MSM), Latinos were more likely and Asian/Pacific Islanders were less likely to have HIV coinfection compared with whites. Older age at diagnosis and history of an STD were both also significantly associated with early syphilis and HIV coinfection. Transgender persons, older ages, Latino MSM compared with white MSM, and those with a history of STD were more likely to have HIV coinfection, whereas Asian/Pacific Islander MSM were less likely to have HIV coinfection for both gonorrhea and chlamydia,

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the high burden of HIV-STD coinfection in San Francisco. To maintain the current declines in HIV incidence and turn the curve in rising STD incidence, there is an urgent need for collaborative HIV and STD prevention and control efforts.
34BetaE12 and Alfa-Methylacyl Coenzyme A Racemase (AMACR) Antibodies Better Than p63 Antibody Distinguish Normal and Neoplastic Glands in Prostatic Tissue With Thermal Artifacts
Authors: Pierconti Francesco , Rossi Esther D. , Martini Maurizio , Sacco Emilio , Bassi Pier F. , Larocca Luigi M.
Published: January 2018

The occurrence of inked margins with crush artifact derived from the electrocauterization in radical prostatectomy and/or the presence of crushed areas with distorted glands in prostatic samples after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) can induce a significant interobserver variability during histopathologic evaluation of specimens. The specific immunostaining for basal cell markers 34BetaE12 and p63 and for alfa-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR) in neoplastic cells is commonly used as an ancillary tool to establish benign and malignant glands. In this study we carried out the immunohistochemical reactions for p63, 34BetaE12, and AMACR on 3 different and successive paraffin sections to discriminate malignant and benign prostatic glands, distorted and crushed by the thermal artifacts in 60 radical prostatectomies and 50 TURP samples. All prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma showed the loss of basal cell markers and expression of AMACR, whereas p63 failed to stain the basal cell layer in benign crushed prostatic glands. The same cauterized glands were steadily positive for 34BetaE12. The high percentage of p63 false negative cases in benign distorted and crushed glands could be explained by the thermal artifacts which might cause lack of p63 antigenicity. In contrast, the antigenicity of 34BetaE12 and AMACR seem not to be affected by cautery artifacts. Thus, in cauterized suspicious prostatic glands an immunohistochemistry panel including, p63, 34BetaE12, and AMACR or only 34BetaE12 is recommended. In addition, after the first evaluation with only p63, we suggest that a separate and confirmatory staining for 34BetaE12 is strongly recommended.
Parasitic Infections of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissues
Authors: Norgan Andrew P. , Pritt Bobbi S.
Published: January 2018

A variety of arthropods, protozoa, and helminths infect the skin and subcutaneous tissues and may be identified by anatomic pathologists in standard cytology and histology preparations. The specific organisms seen vary greatly with the patient’s exposure history, including travel to or residence in endemic countries. Arthropods are the most commonly encountered parasites in the skin and subcutaneous tissues and include Sarcoptes scabei, Demodex species, Tunga penetrans, and myiasis-causing fly larvae. Protozoal parasites such as Leishmania may also be common in some settings. Helminths are less often seen, and include round worms (eg, Dirofilaria spp.), tapeworms (eg, Taenia solium, Spirometra spp.), and flukes (eg, Schistosoma spp.). This review covers the epidemiologic and histopathologic features of common parasitic infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissues.
Posttraumatic Stress in Children After Injury
Authors: Hildenbrand Aimee K. , Kassam-Adams Nancy , Barakat Lamia P. , Kohser Kristen L. , Ciesla Jeffrey A. , Delahanty Douglas L. , Fein Joel A. , Ragsdale Lindsay B. , Marsac Meghan L.
Published: January 2018

Objectives

After injury, many children experience posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) that negatively impact recovery. Acute pain and PTSS share neurobiological pathways, and acute dosage of morphine has been linked to reduced PTSS in naturalistic studies. However, the complex interactions between pain, morphine and other opioid use, and PTSS have yet to be investigated in robust pediatric samples.

This prospective, longitudinal study examined relationships between acute pain, opioid medications, and PTSS after pediatric injury.

Methods

Ninety-six children aged 8 to 13 years (mean = 10.60, SD = 1.71), hospitalized for unintentional injury, completed assessments at baseline (T1) and 12 weeks (T2) later. Pain ratings and opioid administration data were obtained via chart review.

Results

Structural equation modeling revealed that worst pain endorsed during hospitalization was positively associated with concurrent and later PTSS when controlling for evidence-based risk factors (ie, age, sex, prior trauma history, traumatic appraisals of injury event, heart rate). Neither opioid medications overall nor morphine specifically (milligram/kilogram/day) administered during hospitalization mediated the relationship between pain and T2 PTSS.

Conclusions

Pain during hospitalization may increase susceptibility for persistent PTSS above and beyond the influence of other empirical risk factors. Findings suggest that pain assessment may be a useful addition to pediatric PTSS screening tools and highlight the need for additional research on pharmacological secondary prevention approaches. Given that inadequate pain control and persistent PTSS each hinder recovery and long-term functioning, better understanding of interactions between acute pain and PTSS after injury is essential for improving screening, prevention, and early intervention efforts.
Fluid Removal With Ultrasound Guided Protocol Improves the Efficacy and Safety of Dehydration in Post-Resuscitated Critically Ill Patients: A Quasi-Experimental, Before and After Study
Authors: Wang Luhao , Qiu Chunfang , Guan Xiangdong , Chen Minying , Chen Juan , Si Xiang , Du Zhicheng , Liu Yanqiu , Ouyang Bin
Published: January 2018

Fluid overload is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. However, researches rarely study the precise start or end point of fluid removal and no protocol was developed to control the fluid removal process. We hypothesized that individualized fluid removal with ultrasound-guided protocol could improve the efficacy and safety of fluid removal in post-resuscitated critically ill patients. A quasi-experimental, before and after trial was conducted to identify the benefits of ultrasound-guided fluid removal. Fluid removal was performed either following the doctor's experience in Control group, or abiding the ultrasound guided protocol in Ultrasound group. The study end points were the start time, end time, length of fluid removal, and the complications related to fluid removal. A total of 85 subjects were finally analyzed in this study. The fluid removal was started earlier, completed quicker and ended earlier (21.0 ± 14.6 h vs. 35.1 ± 26.5 h, 49.8 ± 32.6 vs. 93.0 ± 42.8 h, 69.0 ± 32.2 h vs. 126.4 ± 52.5 h, P < 0.05) in Ultrasound group than in Control. The subjects had more daily negative fluid balance and urine output (−990.4 ± 636.1 mL vs. −723.6 ± 549.5 mL, 2425.8 ± 886.7 mL vs. 1560.7 ± 1125.3 mL, P < 0.05) in Ultrasound group. The time of lung B-lines to reduce to zero was shorter and B-line at the end point was less (49.5 ± 36.6 h vs. 75.6 ± 58.8 h, 0[1] vs. 0[0], P < 0.05) in Ultrasound group. The length of intensive care unit stay in shock subgroup had a tendency to shorten (96.1 ± 61.5 h vs. 174.6 ± 132.0 h, P > 0.05) in Ultrasound group. We concluded that fluid removal with individualized ultrasound-guided protocol improves the efficacy and safety of dehydration in critically ill patients.
Political Ideology, Confidence in Science, and Participation in Alzheimer Disease Research Studies
Authors: Gabel Matthew , Gooblar Jonathan , Roe Catherine M. , Selsor Natalie J. , Morris John C.
Published: January 2018

Background:

Americans’ confidence in science varies based on their political ideology. This ideological divide has potentially important effects on citizens’ engagement with and participation in clinical studies of Alzheimer disease (AD).

Methods:

A probability sample of 1583 Americans was surveyed about their willingness to participate in longitudinal AD research and about their political attitudes. These survey results were compared with a survey of 382 participants in a longitudinal AD study at the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center.

Results:

Among Americans, more conservative ideology decreases willingness to participate in a hypothetical longitudinal cohort study of AD both directly and through its negative effect on confidence in science. The Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center study participants expressed more liberal ideology and greater confidence in science than Americans in general. Of the survey respondents opposed to participation, over a quarter changed to neutral or positive if the study returned their research results to them.

Conclusions and Relevance:

Clinical studies of AD are likely biased toward participants who are more liberal and have higher confidence in science than the general population. This recruitment bias may be reduced by lowering the trust demanded of participants through measures such as returning research results to participants.
Methionine coordinates a hierarchically organized anabolic program enabling proliferation
Authors: Walvekar Adhish S. , Srinivasan Rajalakshmi , Gupta Ritu , Laxman Sunil
Published: January 2018

Methionine availability during overall amino acid limitation metabolically reprograms cells to support proliferation, the underlying basis for which remains unclear. Here, we construct the organization of this methionine mediated anabolic program, using yeast. Combining comparative transcriptome analysis, biochemical and metabolic flux based approaches, we discover that methionine rewires overall metabolic outputs by increasing the activity of three key regulatory nodes. These are: the pentose phosphate pathway coupled with reductive biosynthesis, and overall transamination capacity, including the synthesis of glutamate/glutamine. These provides the cofactors or substrates that enhance subsequent rate-limiting reactions in the synthesis of costly amino acids, and nucleotides, which are also induced in a methionine dependent manner. This thereby results in a biochemical cascade establishing an overall anabolic program. For this methionine mediated anabolic program leading to proliferation, cells co-opt a “starvation stress response” regulator, Gcn4p. Collectively, our data suggest a hierarchical metabolic framework explaining how methionine mediates an anabolic switch.
Human CCL3L1 copy number variation, gene expression, and the role of the CCL3L1-CCR5 axis in lung function
Authors: Adewoye Adeolu B , Shrine Nick , Odenthal-Hesse Linda , Welsh Samantha , Malarstig Anders , Jelinsky Scott , Kilty Iain , Tobin Martin D , Hollox Edward J , Wain Louise V
Published: January 2018

The CCL3L1-CCR5 signaling axis is important in a number of inflammatory responses, including macrophage function, and T-cell-dependent immune responses. Small molecule CCR5 antagonists exist, including the approved antiretroviral drug maraviroc, and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are in development. Repositioning of drugs and targets into new disease areas can accelerate the availability of new therapies and substantially reduce costs. As it has been shown that drug targets with genetic evidence supporting their involvement in the disease are more likely to be successful in clinical development, using genetic association studies to identify new target repurposing opportunities could be fruitful. Here we investigate the potential of perturbation of the CCL3L1-CCR5 axis as treatment for respiratory disease. Europeans typically carry between 0 and 5 copies of CCL3L1 and this multi-allelic variation is not detected by widely used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism studies. We directly measured the complex structural variation of CCL3L1 using the Paralogue Ratio Test (PRT) and imputed (with validation) CCR5del32 genotypes in 5,000 individuals from UK Biobank, selected from the extremes of the lung function distribution, and analysed DNA and RNAseq data for CCL3L1 from the 1000 Genomes Project. We confirmed the gene dosage effect of CCL3L1 copy number on CCL3L1 mRNA expression levels. We found no evidence for association of CCL3L1 copy number or CCR5del32 genotype with lung function suggesting that repositioning CCR5 antagonists is unlikely to be successful for the treatment of airflow obstruction.
Transcription-dependent DNA methylation at the imprintedZrsr1-DMR
Authors: Joh Keiichiro
Published: January 2018

Zrsr1is a paternally expressed imprinted gene located in the first intron ofCommd1, and theZrsr1promoter resides in a differentially methylated region (DMR) that is maternally methylated in the oocyte. However, a mechanism for the establishment of the methylation has remained obscure.Commd1is transcribed in the opposite direction toZrsr1with predominant maternal expression, especially in the adult brain. In this study, we foundCommed1transcribed through the DMR in the growing oocyte.Zrsr1-DMR methylation was abolished by the prevention ofCommd1transcription. This result indicated that methylation at theZrsr1-DMR was transcription-dependent.
Mutations inBcl9andPygogenes cause congenital heart defects by tissue-specific perturbation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Cantù Claudio , Felker Anastasia , Zimmerli Dario , Chiavacci Elena , Cabello Elena María , Kirchgeorg Lucia , Valenta Tomas , Hausmann George , Ripoll Jorge , Vilain Natalie , Aguet Michel , Basler Konrad , Mosimann Christian
Published: January 2018

Genetic alterations in humanBCL9genes have repeatedly been found in congenital heart disease (CHD) with as-of-yet unclear causality. BCL9 proteins and their Pygopus (Pygo) co-factors can participate in canonical Wnt signaling via binding to β-catenin. Nonetheless, their contributions to vertebrate heart development remain uncharted. Here, combining zebrafish and mouse genetics, we document tissue-specific functions in canonical Wnt signaling for BCL9 and Pygo proteins during heart development. In a CRISPR-Cas9-based genotype-phenotype association screen, we uncovered that zebrafish mutants forbcl9andpygogenes largely retain β-catenin activity, yet develop cardiac malformations. In mouse, both systemic and lineage-specific loss of the Pygo-BCL9-β-catenin complex caused heart defects with outflow tract malformations, aberrant cardiac septation and valve formation, and compact myocardium hypoplasia. Mechanistically, these phenotypes coincide with transcriptional deregulation during heart patterning, and Pygo2 associates with β-catenin atcis-regulatory regions of cardiac genes. Taken together, our results establish BCL9 and Pygo as tissue-specific β-catenin co-factors during vertebrate heart development. Our results further implicate alterations inBCL9andBCL9Lin human CHDs as possibly causative.
Locally coordinated synaptic plasticity shapes cell-wide plasticity of visual cortex neurons in vivo
Authors: El-Boustani Sami , P K Ip Jacque , Breton-Provencher Vincent , Okuno Hiroyuki , Bito Haruhiko , Sur Mriganka
Published: January 2018

Plasticity of cortical responses involves activity-dependent changes at synapses, but the manner in which different forms of synaptic plasticity act together to create functional changes in neuronal responses remains unknown. Here we show that spike-timing induced receptive field plasticity of individual visual cortex neurons in vivo is anchored by increases in synaptic strength of identified spines, and is accompanied by a novel decrease in the strength of adjacent spines on a slower time scale. The locally coordinated potentiation and depression of spines involves prominent AMPA receptor redistribution via targeted expression of the immediate early gene Arc. Similar changes accompany recovery of eye-specific responses following monocular deprivation. These findings demonstrate that Hebbian strengthening of activated synapses and heterosynaptic weakening of adjacent synapses, in dendrites with heterogeneous synaptic inputs, co-operatively orchestrate cell-wide plasticity of functional neuronal responses.

One Sentence Summary

Arc-mediated local synaptic plasticity regulates reorganization of synaptic responses on dendritic stretches to mediate functional plasticity of neuronal responses in vivo.
The discovery of cumulative knowledge
Authors: J. Richardson Alan
Published: January 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance for designing and generating cumulative knowledge based on qualitative research.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on the philosophy of science and specific examples of qualitative studies in accounting that have claimed a cumulative contribution to knowledge to develop a taxonomy of theoretically justified approaches to generating cumulative knowledge from qualitative research.

Findings

The paper argues for a definition of cumulative knowledge that is inclusive of anti-realist research, i.e. knowledge is cumulative if it increases the extent and density of intertextual linkages in a field. It identifies the possibility of cumulative qualitative research based on extensions to the scope of the knowledge and the depth of the knowledge. Extensions to the scope of the knowledge may include expanding the time periods, context, and/or theoretical perspective used to explore a phenomenon. Extensions to the depth of the knowledge may include new empirical knowledge, methodological pluralism, theory elaboration, or analytic generalization. Individual studies can demonstrate their contribution to cumulative knowledge by locating their research within a typology/taxonomy that makes explicit the relationship of current research to past, and potential, research.

Research limitations/implications

The taxonomy may be useful to qualitative researchers designing and reporting research that will have impact on the literature.

Social implications

The increased use of research impact as an evaluation metric has the potential to handicap the development qualitative research which is often thought of as generating non-cumulative knowledge. The taxonomy and the strategies for establishing cumulative impact may provide a means for this approach to research to establish its importance as a contribution to knowledge.

Originality/value

The concept of cumulative knowledge has not been systematically applied to research based on qualitative methods.
The use of optimistic tone by narcissistic CEOs
Authors: Buchholz Frerich , Jaeschke Reemda , Lopatta Kerstin , Maas Karen
Published: January 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine how CEO narcissism can be related to the usage of an abnormal optimistic tone in financial disclosures. Drawing on upper echelons theory, this paper suggests a link between CEO characteristics, such as narcissism, and accounting choices, such as optimistic financial reporting language.

Design/methodology/approach

To measure the narcissistic trait of a CEO, the study builds on a model using a set of 15 archival indicators. The usage of an abnormal optimistic tone is assessed quantitatively when looking at firms’ 10-K filings, where “abnormal” refers to tone that is unrelated to a firm’s performance, risk, and complexity. This approach allows for the use of firm-fixed effects for a sample of US listed firms over the period 1992-2012.

Findings

The results show that CEO narcissism is significantly positively related to abnormal optimistic tone in 10-K filings. If a highly abnormal optimistic tone is present, the level of CEO narcissism is positively related to the likelihood of future seasoned equity offerings and larger future investments in research and development.

Research limitations/implications

The findings are relevant for shareholders and stakeholders as well as auditors and legislators. All stakeholders should be aware of the overly optimistic reporting language resulting from CEO narcissism and need to make allowances for it when assessing firm performance based on financial disclosures.

Originality/value

This study is the first to show in a large-scale sample how CEO narcissism can be related to a firm’s use of optimistic language, and thus contributes to the question of how personality traits affect an organization’s financial reporting strategy.
A theoretical framework for physical asset management practices
Authors: Alhazmi Naief
Published: January 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical framework to improve understanding of physical asset management (AM) practices contained in well-known AM standards and guidelines.

Design/methodology/approach

Textual thematic analysis of physical AM standards and guidelines was carried out after developinga prioritemplate derived from existing theories in management knowledge. Triangulation to validate the developed theoretical framework was used based on a deductive logic of inquiry equipped with semi-structured interview. The interviewees were managers of physical asset departments of 15 out of 24 ministries of Saudi public sector.

Findings

The developed theoretical framework called “systematic asset management practices” (SAMP) explains the logic behind physical AM practices contained in well-known standards and guidelines in terms of the essence of directly related practices for the life cycle of physical assets. SAMP shows that all AM standards and guidelines use a similar logic for managing the life cycles of physical assets.

Practical implications

AM developers can use the SAMP theoretical framework to develop and improve AM guidelines. In addition, the framework enables practitioners to further understand differences among standards and guidelines in addition to their potential future development.

Originality/value

This paper provides an original theory for AM practices, which originally evolved from informal to formal on the basis of practitioners’ logic.
A market-oriented model for the independent-living retirement village industry
Authors: Ma Le , Reed Richard
Published: January 2018

Purpose

As the “baby boomer” generation continues to enter their senior post-retirement years, the provision of affordable retirement housing has become increasingly important for the community, practitioners and policymakers. However, relatively little attention has to date been placed on identifying an effective market mechanism for the industry of the independent-living retirement villages to meet this increased and unprecedented demand. This study aims to develop an innovative and affordable retirement village development model which meets the needs of all stakeholders including seniors, retirement village residents, the retirement village industry and government.

Design/methodology/approach

The attributes of this study are as follows: structure of individual living units, retirement village characteristics, retirement village facilities and services and support mechanisms. The analysis was undertaken based on data relating to independent-living retirement villages in five Australian states. A hedonic pricing model was used where the price distributions relating to these four aspects were estimated.

Findings

The results confirmed the structures of the independent living units and the retirement village characteristics were closely related to pricing, followed by services and supports with a lesser relationship, although the facilities were not significantly related to pricing.

Research limitations/implications

This research is not able to address the entire retirement village market in Australia because the available market data are limited.

Practical implications

This research uses an innovative supply-side approach to assess retirement village attributes and values, which provides stakeholders with up-to-date market information to assist in guiding the performance of the retirement village industry.

Social implications

The market evaluations imply that seniors are reluctant to pay for village attributes that are not regarded as highly sought-after. A cost-effective strategy of new retirement village developments and upgrades can be further induced, which in turn can enhance the market efficiency and affordability of the retirement villages.

Originality/value

This pricing model for retirement village units extends previous studies into retirement villages and presents stakeholders with an innovative and reliable market-oriented model.
Four decades of IMP research – the development of a research network
Authors: Håkansson Håkan , Gadde Lars-Erik
Published: January 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the development of research based on the IMP approach during the four decades since the inauguration in 1976. The paper presents a network analysis of IMP research based on one of the central IMP frameworks: the ARA model.

Design/methodology/approach

The main activity analysed is the annual IMP conference. The development over time is described by comparison of three conferences (1984, 1998 and 2012) with regard to the themes of the papers presented. In addition, some joint research projects are described. The most central resources are the research frameworks and findings presented in books and journals. To illustrate this dimension, the authors have traced all IMP publications that had been cited more than 100 times in 2013. In the actor layer, the authors investigated the development over time of the distribution of publications and conference presentations on research groups.

Findings

The paper shows how IMP has evolved into a research network around common themes of which business relationships and networks are the most significant. The activities of various research groups have become increasingly interlinked through joint research programmes, annual conferences and seminars, a website and a dedicated journal.

Originality/value

The paper provides a detailed illustration of the development of the IMP network. The description of this process is of general relevance as an example of how research ideas can develop and become established in terms of a distinct research network.
Staff perceptions of positive behavioural support in a secure forensic adult mental health setting
Authors: Karger Graeme , Davies Bronwen , Jenkins Rosemary , Samuel Victoria
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Challenging behaviour has been a concern across forensic services. Traditionally these have been managed reactively using medication, seclusion and restraint; however, there is growing evidence that these approaches are ineffective and counter-therapeutic. A number of reports have recommended the use of preventative approaches such as positive behavioural support (PBS). The purpose of this paper is to identify “how staff within a secure forensic mental health setting perceived the application of PBS?”

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 11 multi-disciplinary staff were interviewed and thematic analysis was used to identify themes.

Findings

Five themes were identified: “The Functions”, “Appraising a new Approach”, “Collaborative Challenges”, “Staff Variables” and “Organisational Issues”.

Practical implications

PBS enables staff to understand challenging or risky behaviour. It empowers patients via collaboration, although there can be some challenges to this. Services need to invest in training, support and leadership to ensure the model is embed and promote fidelity. Consideration needs to be given to how quality of life can be improved within the limits of a forensic setting.

Originality/value

No previous studies asking staff about their experiences of PBS within a forensic mental health context.
Guanxi: competitive advantage or necessary evil?
Authors: Wang Chao-Hung , Chen Kuan-Liang
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Guanxi, an invisible aspect of many levels of interaction in economic life, has increased in importance in recent years; however, this subject has been underappreciated in high-tech industries. High-tech firms can choose to use guanxi with their partners as a key component of their competitive advantage or to view guanxi as necessary evil that is required to complete business exchanges. This paper aims to evaluate how guanxi contributes to or impedes a high-tech firm’s innovation performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This study proposes and tests a nonlinear model that explores the positive and negative impact of guanxi on the innovation performance using a sample of 184 high-tech firms located in Taiwan Science Park.

Findings

In contrast to the mainstream of findings in the previous literature, the authors find that guanxi is a competitive advantage in constructing new business networks; however, additional increase of guanxi may even decrease innovation performance. This view opens up new research avenues in the context of high-tech industries and suggests directions for future research and practice.

Research limitations/implications

Academics and practitioners know little about the unfavorable aspects of this variable. Future studies might develop specific measurement scales that capture the negative side of strong guanxi. Beyond the positive side of variables that have been amply studied, such as affection and kindness, other interesting negative side of variables that may be considered in future studies are blood (Tsang, 1998), extortion (Dunfee and Warren, 2001) and favoritism (Hwanget al., 2009).

Originality/value

The authors contribute to the research on guanxi and innovation performance, in that this study extends guanxi literature beyond the intuitive conclusion that innovation performance can be significantly enhanced in Asian countries’ business networks by leveraging guanxi as competitive advantage, and further demonstrating when and how guanxi can be harmful for high-tech firms’ innovation performance.
The role of knowledge in international expansion
Authors: Gulanowski Daniel , Papadopoulos Nicolas , Plante Llynne
Published: January 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to critically review and integrate the literature available on Uppsala (incremental) and Born Global (rapid) internationalization models and propose an integrative model that applies to both the initial and subsequent stages in internationalization.

Design/methodology/approach

This study draws on a systematic review and analysis of the relevant literature, using 87 articles from 28 journals which deal with the Uppsala and/or Born Global conceptualizations.

Findings

To date, the two views of internationalization have been presented as competing and fundamentally different explanations, as past research focuses mostly on the original 1977 Uppsala model without accounting for its five subsequent extensions (1990-2013) and not considering in sufficient depth the critical role of the knowledge construct in both models.

Research limitations/implications

The study focuses on English-only publications dealing expressly with the Born Global and Uppsala models; while some studies which address the focal theme tangentially may have been missed, the systematic approach to identifying the key studies of interest and the focus on a carefully delineated research domain provides confidence that the main studies relevant to the theme have been captured.

Originality/value

The study highlights the important role of knowledge in the internationalization of firms, and it addresses the current divide between the “incremental” and “rapid” conceptualizations which have impeded the development of theory, by positing six research propositions and an integrative model that accounts for both the incremental and rapid approaches.
A multi-period perspective on tourism’s economic contribution – a regional input-output analysis for Sweden
Authors: Kronenberg Kai , Fuchs Matthias , Lexhagen Maria
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Previous studies on tourism input-output (IO) primarily focus on a single year’s snapshot or utilize outdated IO coefficients. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the multi-period development of regional tourism capacities and its influence on the magnitude of the industry’s regional economic contribution. The paper highlights the importance of applying up-to-date IO coefficients to avoid estimation bias typically found in previous studies on tourism’s economic contribution.

Design/methodology/approach

For the period 2008-2014, national IO tables are regionalized to estimate direct and indirect economic effects for output, employment, income and other value-added deffects. A comparison of Leontief inverse matrices is conducted to quantify estimation bias when using outdated models for analyzing tourism’s economic contribution.

Findings

On the one hand, economic linkages strengthened, especially for labour-intensive sectors. On the other hand, sectoral recessions in 2012 and 2014 led to an economy-wide decline of indirect effects, although tourists’ consumption was still increasing. Finally, estimation bias observed after applying an outdated IO model is quantified by approximately US$4.1m output, 986 jobs full-time equivalents, US$24.8m income and US$14.8m other value-added effects.

Research limitations/implications

Prevailing assumptions on IO modelling and regionalization techniques aim for more precise survey-based approaches and computable general equilibrium models to incorporate net changes in economic output. Results should be cross-validated by means of qualitative interviews with industry representatives.

Practical implications

Additional costs for generating IO tables on an annual base clearly pay off when considering the improved accuracy of estimates on tourism’s economic contribution.

Originality/value

This study shows that tourism IO studies should apply up-to-date IO models when estimating the industry’s economic contribution. It provides evidence that applying outdated models involve the risk of estimation biases, because annual changes of multipliers substantially influence the magnitude of effects.
Roles of the three Mycobacterium smegmatis katG genes for peroxide detoxification and isoniazid susceptibility
Authors: Iwao Yasuhisa , Nakata Noboru
Published: January 2018

Three different katG sequences (katGI, katGII and katGIII) were identified in the Mycobacterium smegmatis genome. The contributions of the three katG genes to survival of the bacterium were examined by constructing disruptants of these three genes. The katGIII sequence did not produce a functional catalase‐peroxidase. Analyses of peroxidase activity and mRNA expression revealed that in wild type M. smegmatis, expression dominance between KatGI and KatGII was switched in the exponential and stationary growth phases. Susceptibility of the M. smegmatis gene disruptants to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was tested in two growth phases. In the exponential phase, the katGI‐null strain was more susceptible to H2O2 than the katGII‐null strain, indicating that KatGI plays a more important role in survival than KatGII in this growth phase. In contrast, in the stationary phase, growth of the katGII‐null strain was inhibited at lower concentrations of H2O2. These results suggest that M. smegmatis has two types of catalase‐peroxidases, expressions of which are controlled under different gene regulatory systems. Isoniazid (INH) susceptibilities of the katG‐null strains were also examined and it was found that katGI is a major determinant of M. smegmatis susceptibility to INH.
Surveillance, Technology, and American Conceptions of Freedom
Authors: GRIFFIN MIKE
Published: January 2018

This paper traces the role of ideology in shaping the beliefs and situated knowledge used by information technology and security managers to make sense of and justify systems of surveillance they oversee. In particular, the analysis explores the role of the contested meanings of the ideology of ‘freedom’ as an important resource in this process of meaning construction, providing a ground‐level account of the process of interpellation, described by Louis Althusser as the subjectification of individuals by ideology made available from dominant discourse.
Autonomous Individuals in Autonomous Vehicles: The Multiple Autonomies of Self‐Driving Cars
Authors: STAYTON ERIK , CEFKIN MELISSA , ZHANG JINGYI
Published: January 2018

We take the polysemy at the heart of autonomy as our focus, and explore how changing notions of autonomy are experienced and expressed by users of self‐driving cars. Drawing from work‐practice studies and sociomaterial approaches to understanding technologies, we discuss how driving as a task is destabilized and reconfigured by the introduction of increasingly automated systems for vehicle control. We report on the findings of a hybrid ethnographic experiment performed at Nissan Research Center – Silicon Valley, in which we video recorded interactions of 14 participants inside a simulated autonomous vehicle, and conducted semi‐structured post‐interviews. We look at the responses of our participants in light of three different themes of autonomy, which emerged through the analysis of the study data in the context of a broader program of ethnographically informed research: autonomy as freedom from the task of driving; autonomy as independence and individual labor; and machinic autonomy's ironic opposite, an increasing interdependence with human‐machine systems that raises new issues of trust and control. We argue that AV development will have to address the social dimensions of roadway experience, and that this will require a multi‐perspective approach (speculative work alongside other empirical examinations) to the specific ways human autonomy and sociality is aided, altered, or undercut by these systems.
Five Steps Behind: How Ethnography Based Strategy Can Fuel Ingredient Innovation in the Early Stages of the Value Chain
Authors: MILLARD MARTIN N. , GARGEYA YOSHA
Published: January 2018

Global fast moving consumer goods companies are faced with significant challenges on all fronts as start‐ups challenge brands, retailers’ private labels challenge margins and technology giants like Amazon and Alibaba challenge the entire business model. To survive in this environment, FMCGs must, among other things, grow on the basis of meaningful product innovation — innovation that is often outsourced to their ingredient suppliers. Based on four client engagements, this paper outlines how the existing relationship between ingredient suppliers and their customers further down the value chain is currently defined by a deterministic dynamic that results in incremental and marginal innovation and a risk for said suppliers that their products become mere commodities. We argue that by employing ethnography based innovation strategy, ingredient suppliers can establish their own opinion of the market from the vantage point of their technologies and establish a new, meaningful and human‐centered innovation direction that the whole company can unite behind. The approach helps re‐ignite dried‐up project pipelines through the new insights coming directly from the research, but it also creates more demand, as the combination of technological expertise and end‐consumer insights can make the ingredient supplier a valued advisor to their customers on the end‐consumer problems their technology can help solve. Ethnographic researchers that embark on providing such insights to ingredient suppliers must prepare to argue for the value of this type of data with scientists and practitioners trained in the natural sciences and must expect to play a key role in translating the data into actionable and measurable consumer benefits. Successfully implementing this type of research and its implications can change the relationships between suppliers and customers and eventually be a key to breaking the vicious cycle that often separates human understanding from technological innovation.