bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Interleukin 6 with Positive Immunohistochemical staining of Estrogen Receptor in Breast Cancer Patients.
Authors: Hana Dalya Basil
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is the evaluation of concentration levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in breast cancer patients and it's relation to estrogen receptor(ER) expression on tumor cells. The expression of IL-6 and estrogen receptor , were studied on 30 patients (positive breast cancer ) and 30 controls (negativebreast cancer).Serum of studied groups were examined using Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) for IL-6 and breast biopsy specimens wereexamined using immunohistochemical staining for estrogen receptor. The serum level of IL-6 was significantly higher in patients with breast cancer comparedwith control (p<0.05). The number of positive ER expression in patients with breast cancer was higher than the negative expression (p<0.05). The current study found a positive significant correlation (r = 249; P<0.05) between serum levels of IL-6 and estrogen receptors (ER). The results of this study suggest that elevated IL-6 serum concentration are associated with breast cancer and found that high levels of IL-6 in breast cancer patients are associated with positiveestrogen receptor.
A new preparation of colloidal 99mTc-Tin phosphate stabilized with CMC as lyophilized kit for bone Marrow Scintigraphy
Authors: Jabbar Alaa K. , Abdul-Kareem Husham M.
Published: April 2022

The new preparation of colloidal Tin phosphate labeled with technisum- 99m for bone marrow studies. The method was applied with heating sodium bihydrogen phosphate with carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) as stabilizer in neutral medium then cooed at room temperature, followed by adding stannouschloride as stannite. The chemical analysis indicates that the radiochemical purity is greater than 99% with suitable particle size distribution.The results of biodistribution indicate that the preparative agent was accumulated with higher concentration in bone marrow reach to 30% of total injected dose and negligible percent in non target organs. The results meaning that the new preparative agent is a good agent for using as bone marrow scintigraphy compared with others.
The role of chloroquine phosphate on tumor necrosis factor - alpha and interleukin-one in knee osteoarthritic patients
Authors: S. S. Eman , M. T. Kismet , H. M. Mohammed
Published: April 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a condition characterized by a series of inflammatory processes. Various pro inflammatory cytokines like interleukin– one (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor–alpha (TNF-α) are present in synovium and tissue of rheumatic patients, so these agents play an essential role in pathogenesis of joint diseases. Chloroquine phosphate (CQP) interferes the cellular function of acid microenvironments such as lysosome, endosome and Golgi's complex, as well as affects pathways of inflammation, immune cascade and enzyme activity which ultimately resulted in cartilage destruction in knee joint with OA.
Association of Breast Cancer and In situ expression of Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10.
Authors: Amal Salman H.
Published: April 2022

Estimation of the in situ hybridization expression of IL-4and IL-10 in patients with malignant breast cancer.A technique utilizing in situ hybridization (ISH) was performed to detect and determine the in situ expression of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA using paraffin embedded sections .Samples obtained from archive of department of pathology of two hospitals in Baghdad for 60 patients, who were divided into two groups:30 with malignant breast cancer (group-1) and 30 woman with nonmalignant as a control group (group-2).The levels of the in situ expression of both IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA were found to be a highly significant increased in group 1 as compared with group 2 (p<0.001), with no significant correlation between IL-4 and IL-10 (p>0.05) in all studied group.The increasing expression of IL-4 and IL-10 in malignant breast cancer tissue might be influence in the pathogenesis of malignant breast cancer.
Evaluation ofAaspirin, Clopidogrel or Their Combination In Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Al-hamdani Fadia Y. , Al-mefraji Maitham M.
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of aspirin, clopidogrel or their combination on different parameters in hypertensive patients.Platelets adhesion, activation, and aggregation are central to thrombus formation, which follows atherosclerotic plaque disruption and causes acute coronary syndromes. Aspirin and clopidogrel exert their antiplatelet effects by inhibiting thromboxane A2 production and adenosine diphosphate–induced platelet aggregation pathways, respectively. This study was designed to evaluate the possible effects of aspirin and clopidogrel given either alone or in combination in patients with essential hypertension on blood pressure and other parameters in addition to lipid profile using a randomized double blind, crossover clinical study.The study includes 78 hypertensive patients received aspirin 100mg, clopidogrel 75mg or their combination (75mg aspirin &75mg clopidogrel) prior randomization schedule. Systolic, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate,respiratory rate and SPO2 were recorded at weekly intervals while, serum levels of LDL-C, HDL-C and platelets count were recorded at monthly intervals.Significant decline in SBP, DBP in all treatment groups (p<0.05) was recorded, but for pulse rate, there was significant decrease in aspirin group and combination group while for clopidogrel group there was significant increase, also we noticed significant decrease in respiratory rate with aspirin and clopidogrel but this decrease was absent with combination, LDL-C levels were significantly increased during treatment with aspirin or clopidogrel, while theircombination did not show significant changes, HDL-C levels were significantly increased during treatment with aspirin or combination, while clopidogrel didnot show significant changes. We concluded that aspirin, clopidogrel or their combination were effective in decreasing SBP & DBP in hypertensive patients.Secondly, in susceptible individual, combination is better than aspirin and clopidogrel, since no changes observed with combination on respiratory rate.Finally, according to the limits of this study, there was no significant effect of aspirin, clopidogrel or their combination on lipid profile and platelets count.
Activity of Meropenem and Ciprofloxacin in vitro Against Oxacillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Al-Mugdadi Suhad Faisal Hatem
Published: April 2022

A total of 150 clinical specimens were collected from patients attending Medical city Hospital in Baghdad to isolation and identification Staphylococcus aureus on species level by Api staph 20 system (Biomereux , france). 33 (22%) isolates were isolated from Staphylococcus aureus, this isolates divided according to source of isolate: 15 (37.5%) isolate from wounds, 10 (20%) isolate from bone infection, 7 (50%) isolate from nasal and throat swabs, one (2%) isolate from urine.

Thirteen antibiotics were used for sensitivity test; all isolate were resistance to Pencillin (100%), Ampicillin (100%), and while Erythromycin (75.8%). Among the various antimicrobial Oxacillin showed high resisance (69.6%), most effective antibiotics on S. aureus were Vancomycin (100%), Meropenem (100%), while Amikacin and Ciprofloxacin in Percentage 79%, 76% recpectively.In vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Meropenem and Ciprofloxacin were done to determined inhibition effect against all isolates of S.aureus Which is resist to Oxacillin( 23 isolate ) in Serial concentration (4-1024) μg / ml, S. aureus was resistant to Meropenem in percentage 70% in break point≥ 16, while Ciprofloxacim was resistant in percentage 74% in berak point ≥4.
Formulation and evaluation of ciprofloxacin as a topical gel
Authors: Al-Khashab Yasir E. N. , Al-Mulla Hummadi Yassir M. K. , Hamadi Salim A. , Al-Waiz Makram M.
Published: April 2022

Ciprofloxacin is an antibacterial agent belong to floroquinolones group, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram positive and Gram negaitive bacteria.Ciprofloxacin – HCl was formulated as a gel dosage form using two different bases, a 5% methylcellulose and 5% sodium croboxy-methyl-cellulose gel base.The concentration of (1% w/w) of the drug in each base was prepared.

In vitro availability of ciprofloxacin – HCl from these bases was studied, in addition the diffusion of the drug using excised mouse skin technique were alsoevaluated.The results indicated that the extent of ciprofloxacin – HCl release was higher from methylcellulose gel base than that from sodium caroboxy-methylcellulosegel base. While the data revealed that the diffusion of the ciprofloxacin through the excised mouse skin was higher from sodium croboxy-methyl-cellulosegel base than that from methylcellulose. According to these results, 5% methylcellulose gel base was selected for further studies. The influence of storagetime and temperature on the stability of the drug, as well as physical properties and pH, for the selected formula over a period of 45 days was studied. Theconcentration of ciprofloxacin was found to decrease with time and temperature and no changes in the physical properties were noticed. The shelf life of the drug in the selected gel base was determined using exaggerated temperature techinque and it was equal to 2.5 years.The overall results of this study suggest that the selected formula could be used in the preparation of ciprofloxacin gel as a topical dosage form to be used inthe treatment of some dermatological infections.
Significance Changes in Phagocytes Chemotoxine in Pregnant Women
Authors: AL-Araji Mohammed K.
Published: April 2022

Pregnant Women have an increased risk for some infections, particularly during the last trimester. Phagocyte emigration from the circulation into tissues is animportant aspect of the initial immune response. There for, circulating phagocytes of 42 pregnant and 15 post partum patients were studied in vitro for random and chemotactic (or directional) migration by agarose gel. Random migration of phagocytes for all 42 pregnant patients studied in each trimester was with in normal limits, chemotactic migration of 25 patients who were between 6 and 33 weeks of pregnancy was also similar to values obtained with control leucocytes (20 non- pregnant normal female). However phagocytes of 17 other women studied between week 34 of pregnancy and term showed marked depressions in chemotoxis during labor and with in 3 days delivery, chemotactic migration increased to supernormal levels in 14 of 15 women studied. Sera from 6 pregnant patients with proven chemotactic defects did not reduce migration when incubated with normal phagocytes. These chemotactic defects appear to be intrinsic and may be important in predisposing to infections during late pregnancy.
Relationship Between Helicobacter pylori Infection Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration Bordering
Authors: Jasem Meroj A. , Alwan Ali H. , Mahdi Fatin M.
Published: April 2022

Helicobacter pylori gastritis results in an increased secretion of basal and meal-stimulated gastrin, which is also a physiologic amplifier of insulin release.Aim of the study: To detect the relationship between H. pylori infection and fasting blood glucose concentration.The study was performed on 209 patients (112 females and 97 males) and 22 control subjects were referring to Immunology Dep. in Central Public HealthLaboratories for the period from August 2007 to June 2008, where H.pylori was diagnosed serologically. Fasting serum glucose concentrations had beenmeasured by the glucose oxidase procedure.

The fasting plasma glucose was significantly lower in H. pylori infected patients than non-infected ones. Seropositive anti-H.pylori IgG antibodies were detected in 36.6% of women participants (41/112) and in 37.1% of men participants (36/97).The research findings indicate a positive association between H. pylori infection and fasting serum glucose concentrations, indicating that H. pylori infection and related gastrointestinal disorder may be related to glycaemic status.
A Study of Microbiological Contamination in Cosmetics and Toiletries in Iraq. Contamination of Talcum Powder and Body Lotion
Authors: Razooki Raghad A.
Published: April 2022

One hundred items of 60 talcum powders and 40 body lotions were examined for their total aerobic bacterial, coliform and fungal counts. We also carried out anaerobic bacterial counts for talcum powder as well as tests to detect some potentially hazardous bacteria in all tested samples. Talcum powders were more heavily contaminated with bacteria than body lotions. More than 60% of the tested body lotions contained no viable bacteria or less than 100 C.F.U./gm, while 35% of the talcum powders contained this level. Five per percent of the talcum powder were contaminated with 104 C.F.U. /gm and none of the body lotions were contaminated to that extent. No coliforms were recovered from any of the body lotions, while 3.3% of the talcum powder examined contained coliforms in the range of 250-300 C.F.U/gm.Staphylococcus Spp. were detected in one sample of both talcum powders and body lotions. Two samples of talcum powder contained E. coli. Neither talcumpowder nor body lotions showed fungal counts. Also no talcum powder showed the presence of anaerobic bacterial counts.
The Effect of ElectromagneticWaves Produces by Power Plant Station of South Baghdad on the Blood Viscosity of Workers
Authors: Wadi Kassim Mahdi
Published: April 2022

The aim of study is identifying the effect of electromagnetic waves resulted from the electric power station of south Baghdad on the blood viscosity of its workers. The study included the following:

The blood of 70 healthy and non smoker workers, working in the operation and maintenance of electrical power generating systems of South Baghdad thermal station at different operating ages and periods, was examined. After analyzing the results obtained from laboratory tests like (Hb, ESR and PCV) done at the general central health laboratories and comparing them with the standard normal measures specified internationally.The comparison results showed high significant difference at the level P<0.01 for all ages examined by Hb test, while the comparison results did not show significant differences in PCV and ESR tests at the level P>0.05. On the other hand, the comparison results registered a confidence level not lower than20% in the presence of a difference among the recorded results at the age (35 and over) and the standard value of ESR test too which indicated the influenceof those ages within the variable. The comparison results also showed high significant differences at the level P>0.01 for all ages among the researched indicators’ results at all periods of exposure at both indicators (PCV and ESR) with the level P>0.05 at PCV indicator.The study recommended decreasing the exposure hours basing on international measures taken by WHO and also relying on the operating age with the internationally depended limits as well as retesting annually to follow up the recorded limit levels.
Treatment of Edentulous Patients Having Exaggerated Gag Reflex with Palateless Upper Denture
Authors: Al-azzawi Sundus Ismail , Salal Raya Hatim , Ali Azhar Ahmed Mohammed
Published: April 2022

Gag reflex is one of the major problems that may face some complete denture wearer. This clinical study was conducted on twenty patients suffering from gagging reflex selected from hundreds attending teaching clinic of medical technical institute in Baghdad, each patient received a palateless upper denture.The results showed that the palateless dentures were retentive, comfortable and permit good taste for eighteen of them after six months follow up, while two patients cannot accommodate to their dentures. It was concluded that such a reflex can be overcomed by constructing such dentures.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Aspirin in Pure Form and Pharmaceutical Formulations using Oxidation–reduction reaction
Authors: Raauf Ayad M.R. , Mohammed Huda , Ajil Ali Wathiq Alwan
Published: April 2022

A simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric method of determination of aspirin in pure form and pharmaceutical formulation.The method is based on the formation of Prussian blue (PB) complex. The reaction between the acidic hydrolysis product of the aspirin with the mixture ofFeCl3 and potassium hexacyanoferrate (ΙΙΙ) was evaluated for the spectrophotometric determination of the aspirin. The maximum absorbance of the colored complex occurred at λ=765nm. Reaction conditions have been optimized to obtain PB complex of high sensitivity and longer stability. Under optimum conditions the absorbance of the PB complex where found to increase linearly with increase in concentration of the aspirin, which corroborated with correlation coefficient value. The concentration ranges are 0.5-7μg mL-1 with detection limit 0,2267μg mL-1 and relative standard deviation 0,025%. Theproposed method was successfully applied to determine of the selected aspirin in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations with good precision and accuracy compared to standard method as revealed by t- and F- values and the results obtained agree well with the labeled contents.
Medical check-up of Biochemical Parameters for Polycythemic Patients Aimed to Improving Smoking Cessation
Authors: Moustafa Mayada M.
Published: April 2022

Smoking should be considered at an early stage in the differential diagnosis of unexplained polycythemia and to avoid inappropriate treatment and also to motivate the patient to stop.Fourty two patients with secondary polycythemia seen in the outpatient clinic of Baghdad teaching hospital, Medical City over the period from Jan.2008 to Jan. 2010. Total number of patients was 42 patients; follow up was done only to 30 patients with secondary polycythemia who managed to reduce theircigarette consumption. Many results were significantly different between heavy smokers and reduced smokers. The hematocrit, leukocyte count and levels oftotal cholesterol, hemoglobin and triglyceride were significantly higher in heavy smokers, than light smokers, while the level of high-density lipoprotein cholestrol was significantly lower. The weight of the patients and their blood pressure were not changed befor and after reduce smoking. Secondary polycythemia and all related measurments are smoking-related abnormal finding; physicians should know the effects of smoking on medical check-up to improve their disease, prevention and health promotion activities.
Quick Pharmaceutical steps for preliminary evaluation of a compund as a possible oral prodrug
Authors: Khazaal Nidhal , Taha Mazen , Basim Masar , Amer Hasanain
Published: April 2022

A mutual prodrug is the association in a unique molecule of two, usually synergetic drugs attached to each other. Mutual prodrug of aspirin with paracetamol as a model oral prodrug was prepared and identified and many pharmaceutical steps were applied including: solubility studies, hydrolysis of the prodrug in different pH from 1 to 9 to simulate the pH of the GIT and hydrolysis of the prodrug by human plasma. The results showed that the stability of the compound in the GIT should be more than its transient time in the GIT in order to be absorbed before it is hydrolyzed, and the compound should be hydrolyzed after it is absorbed from the GIT with in suitable time in comparison to its elimination half life. These studies can be considered as quick pharmaceutical studies for preliminary evaluation of any suggested prodrug, if the compound passes these steps successfully then further pharmaceutical studies is suggested for the final recommendation.
Detection of Diethylene Glycol in Toothpaste
Authors: Essa Almosawi Bahaa Nidham , Saleh Alobaidi Dhifaf Mohammed
Published: April 2022

Toothpaste products are permanently used by consumers of different age groups for preventive, curative and aesthetic aspects to ensure the health andsafety of the teeth. This encouraged valuable diversity in their production and commodity supply. The investigation results of DEG through laboratory tests of22 brands showed that three samples, coded D3, D10 and D11, lacked using the gas chromatography GC technology, whereas other trademarks showed that they contain this toxic contaminants with concentration range between 101 - 839 ppm and were distributed on different origin, of which the German brand Crest2 topped the list and the unknown origin Colgate2 came at the bottom. Six Chinese-made sample pastes contain high concentrations of this toxic substance, despite doubts about the credibility of the origins included in the cards, which requires attention from competent control bodies to examine samples, especially with the current wave of fraud and the inclusion of the Chinese-made toothpaste with the DEG substance.
Comparing the clinical efficacy and safety of high doses of beclomethasone inhaler with medium doses of beclomethasone inhaler combined with oral aminophylline or montelukast tablets in persistent asthmatic Iraqi patients.
Authors: Jassim Ali L. , Al-shamma Kassim J. , Kadhum Zaid M. , AL-Salami Falah H.
Published: April 2022

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. The treatment guidelines recommend theuse of a second controller drug in addition to medium doses of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) rather than the use of high doses ICS alone in the treatment of moderate-severe persistent asthma. This study was conducted to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of three treatment regimens in Iraqi patients with moderate-severe persistent asthma.The study included three groups; each group included 15 patients. Patients were administered beclomethasone inhaler alone 1500-2000 μg/day, beclomethasone inhaler 750-1000 μg/day plus oral controlled release aminophylline tablets 450 mg/day or beclomethasone inhaler 750-1000 μg/dayplus oral montelukast tablets 10 mg/day for 4-5 weeks. Patients were followed 2 weeks and 4-5 weeks after the baseline visit. In all of the three groups,significant improvements were noticed in pulmonary function test parameters (FEV1, FVC, FEF50%) and the asthma symptom records (day-time symptoms,night-time symptoms, number of salbutamol puffs per 24 hours), while there were no significant differences among the groups. Regarding side effects, onlythe group of inhaled steroid plus aminophylline tablets showed discontinuation of drug therapy in some patients which could be attributed to the development of serious side effects.It was concluded that the administration of a second controller agent was important to use lower doses of inhaled beclomethasone. It was concluded alsothat montelukast was associated with a lower incidence of serious side effects than aminophylline which could make aminophylline an alternative to montelukast as combination therapy with medium doses ICS in the treatment of moderate-severe persistent asthma
New Technique uses to Evaluate Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactic Acid as an Aid Differential Diagnosis of Bacterial and Viral Meningitis
Authors: Al-Araji Mohammed Kadum
Published: April 2022

The level of lactic acid in cerebrospinal fluid has been suggested as useful diagnostic. Parameter to differentiate between bacterial and viral meningitis,especially in patients partially treated before admission to hospital. A concentration of> (35 mgm/dl) determined by an enzymatic methods has been considered in several studies to provide definite evidence of meningitis of bacterial origin,whereas lower level indicates no bacterial involvement, over past (20) months we had analyzed by the enzymatic methods, the lactate level in (302) cerebrospinal fluids submitted from adults patients with various conditionsinvolving in central nervous system. Fifty fluids had lactate levels of> (35 mg/dl) of which (162) were cases of infective meningitis of varying etiology.In this adults study the lactate level in the cerebrospinal fluid did provide equivocal evidence of bacterial infection and provide assistance to any greater degree than the standard parameters of leucocytes counts, protein and glucose contents in the differential diagnosis of bacterial meningitis from that of any other etiology.
Effect of propylene glycol, poly ethylene glycol 400 and pH on the release and diffusion of Ibuprofen from different topical bases
Authors: Mehsen Masar B.
Published: April 2022

This study was carried out to find the effect of propylene glycol (PG), poly ethylene glycol 400(PEG 400) and pH on the release and diffusion of Ibuprofen from different topical bases. 5% Ibuprofen was incorporated in the following bases and the release rate from these bases as in the following order:NaCMC formula-4> methyl cellulose formula -3 > carbomer gel formula-1 > emulsion base formula-2.The effect of propylene glycol concentrations 10%, 30% and 40% applied as in formulas 5, 6 and 7 which 40% gave the highest release, in the same time40% of propylene glycol added as in formulas 8, 9 and 10 and only formula 10 gave significant effect and in addition to formula 7 while others had no change in Ibuprofen release. In addition to that, poly ethylene glycol 400 has been added as in formulas 11 and 12 and this combination increased the Ibuprofen release. Formula -1 has been chosen to study the effect of pH change ( 6.5 and 8) on the release process, since pH 8 gave the highest release leading to select the formulas 11, 12 and formula with pH 8 and applied them to the diffusion test by using excised mouse skin. On the other hand, preliminary clinical study wascarried out with 20 patients and the result revealed 65% of the patients gave good positive response.
Effect of Plant extract of Nigilla Sativa on the effectiveness of the Parasite Entamoeba histolytica in Patients from Al-Hammar Marsh Iraq .Al-Nasiriyah.
Authors: Shariff Hussain Ahmed , Ajmi Reyam Naji , Jaryan Bd-Aljabar Jasim
Published: April 2022

Stool samples from people which were suffering from acute diarrhea had been chosen At Al-Hammar Marsh and from reviewers of a clinic in the city of Al-Nasiriyah Chibaach during the month of June 2009 .Stool examination results showed that the proportion of total parasite infection was 49% Entamoeba histolytica Infections were higher in Males ,reaching 54,8 % compared with 54,2 % for females .To investigate the possibility of parasitic Amoeba growth Semi Solid Medium was very successful as a good media for that purpose .Using the oily extract of the black seed had an a good effect on amoebic Parasite killing for a short period in compare with Metronidazole drug ,especially with the dose of (0.04) ml ,results from using a mixture of a black seed oil and the enzyme of Cystein proteinase, Metronidazole and Tinodazole showed a great inhibition for the parasite enzymic activity to (34,48,50)ml,respectively. .As a conclusion the results showed that black seed oil extract and these three drugs were very effective factors on the trophozoits phases of Entamoebahistolytica Parasite and the most effectiveness can be gaine from the black seed oil extract.
Synthesis of New Heterocyclic compounds derived from Pyrazoline-5-one compound
Authors: Al-Smaisim Rafah F. , Al-Bayati Redha E. , Sharba Abdul Hussain K.
Published: April 2022

In this work new heterocyclic pyrazolin derivatives have been synthesized from diazonium chloride salt of 4-aminobenzoic acid: firstly, Azo compounds were prepared from the reaction of an ethanolic solution of sodium acetate and calculated amount of active methylene compound namely, (ethyl acetoacetate)obtain the corresponding hydrazono derivative (1). Secondly, Cyclocondensation reaction of compound (1) with hydrazine hydrate (2) in boiling ethanol affording the corresponding pyrazoline-5-one. Then compound (2) reacted with thionyl chloride to give the corresponding acid chloride derivative(3), followed by conversion into the corresponding carboxylic acid thiosemicarbazide (4), esters (7-9), thioesters (10), (11), and amides (12-14), when treated hydrazine hydrate, thiosemicarbazide, alcohols, alkylthiol and secondary amines in dry refluxing benzene; respectively. Furthermore, 1,2,4- triazole heterocyclic ring, which might result in biologically active agents, have been prepared by refluxing thiosemicarbazide derivative (4) with sodium hydroxide solution (4%) followed acidification of the result using (10%)HCl solution. Moreover, 1, 3, 4, - thiadiazole heterocyclic ring (6) has been prepared by treatment of thiosemicarbazide derivative with concentrated sulfuric acid as cyclization agent. Finally, derivative (15) has prepared by reflux (1) with phydroxybenzaldehydethen the product reflux with 5-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2- thiol to product (16) derivative. All structures of newly synthesized compounds have been characterized and identified via of their physical properties and spectral data analysis (IR, UV.)
Microbial Contamination due to Malpractice during Administration of Intravenous Fluids in Baghdad Hospitals
Authors: A. A. Ali , A. M. Maysoon , J. M. Huda , H.S. Mohammed
Published: April 2022

The present study was designed to investigate the suspected bacterial and/or fungal contamination in intravenous (IV) fluids due to malpractice of administration in Baghdad hospitals. The study was conducted during the period from May to August 2010. One hundred and thirteen intravenous fluid samples were collected from different wards in Baghdad teaching hospital, Ibn Al- Nafees teaching hospital and AL Khadhemia teaching hospital in district ofBaghdad. These samples were classified into 2 main groups: Group 1 (test group), include I.V. fluids with inappropriate position puncture in the bag; andgroup 2 (control), include I.V. fluids free from inappropriate puncture in the bag.Then group 1 samples were sub-classified into 2 groups; Group 1A: includes 73 I.V fluid bags with needle puncture by staff nurses in which the needle was leftduring the use to ease flow; group 1B: includes 12 I.V fluid bags in which a puncture was made in the bag during inappropriate I.V admixture and the needlewas removed; and group 2: 28 I.V fluid bags (control) free from any inappropriate puncture. Samples from all I.V fluid bags (113) were cultured immediately after collection in a proper media for bacteriological examination.Results of cultures showed that a 79.45% contamination was present in I.V fluid bags samples from group 1A (n =73), while 100% contamination was reportedin I.V fluid bags samples from group 1B (n=12) and 28.57% contamination in the group 2 (n=28). In the our study, the most common three microbescontribute for contamination of infusate are Candida albicans , Stapylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli.In conclusion, the widely followed improper practice for preparing and administration of I.V. fluids in some of Baghdad hospitals may predispose to fatal bacterial contamination
Evaluation of Lipid Profile as Indicators for Patients with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Abed Hayder Hamed , Al-Ezzi Muthanna I.
Published: April 2022

Patients with cardiovascular diseases or erectile dysfunction initially present to primary care physicians, who have an opportunity to intervene early andfavorably affect the clinical course of either condition. Recognition and aggressive treatment of cardiovascular disease risk factors has a major role in management of cardiovascular disease and erectile dysfunction.Twenty Iraqi patients with age range of 45-50 years were considered in this study. The evaluation of erectile dysfunction was according to NIH ConsensusDevelopment Panel on Impotence Procedure. The NIH provided complete information about severity of erectile dysfunction by using its questionnaire. Thelipid profile was performed individually. The obtained results predicted elevation of all lipid profile parameters. The results were as follow: Cholesterol 6.65±0.27 mmol/L, triacylglyceral 5.93±0.22 mmol/L, LDL-cholesterol 4.424 ± 0.28 mmol/L,VLDL 1.19 ±0.18 mmol/L and HDL 1.04 mmol/L.All collected results showed strong evidence between increased on serum lipids and erectile dysfunction and laboratory evaluation of lipid showed performedto patients with erectile dysfunction.
Determination of sialic acid and biochemical parameters level in β-thalassemic patients
Authors: Murtadha Muna Khalil
Published: April 2022

This research was concerned with the biochemical changes that might occur in patients with β-thalassemia major, multiple determinations were obtained 20 subjects: - 13 children with β-thalassemia major and 7 normal children (as normal healthy control).The parameters deduced from this study includes:- serum total sialic acid (TSA), erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) and seromucoid total protein (TP).From the data obtained for these parameters investigate the decrease in serumTSA and TP of thalassemic patients compared to normal individuals, while the ESR levels increase for patients as compared to other individuals.
Treatment of Bruxism and Tempro mandibular Disorders
Authors: Ali Azhar A.M.
Published: April 2022

Bruxism with myofacial pain and clicking of T.M.J is a condition which includes grinding or clenching of teeth and its one of the oldest dental problemin human beings.Studying the condition on 35 Iraqi patients (21 males and 14 females) through the year (2007-2008) showed that males are more affected and the mostaffected group is the (30-40 year) age, and also the Tempromandibular joint dysfunction showed highest results in male, while traumatic occlusion infemales is more obvious.Treatment with muscle relaxant and using night guards with the aid of physiotherapy improve the condition through three months dramatically.
KIRIM SAVAŞI’NIN (1853-1856) BALKANLAR’DAKİ MİLLİYETÇİLİK HAREKETLERİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: SANNAV Sabri Can
Published: April 2022

Kırım Savaşı, Rusya’nın Eflak ve Boğdan’ı işgali sonrasında Osmanlı kuvvetlerinin Ekim 1853’te Rus ileri karakoluna saldırılarıyla başlamış ve Avrupa’nın Büyük Devletleri arasında 30 Mart 1856 tarihinde Paris’te bir genel barış antlaşmasının imzalanması ile sonuçlanmıştır. Bu savaş Osmanlı topraklarının paylaşılması için önemli görüşmelerin yapıldığı bir dönemin sonucunda ortaya çıkmıştır. Savaşın görünen nedeni Kudüs’te bulunan “Kutsal Yerler” ile ilgili Ortodokslar ve Katolikler arasındaki anlaşmazlıklardan kaynaklanan sorunlar olmuştur. Ancak bir süre sonra bu sorun sadece bir neden olarak kalmış ve Kırım Savaşı Avrupalı devletlerin çıkar mücadeleleri haline gelmiştir. Bu süreçte Rusya’nın Slavizm politikası ile hâkimiyet kurmak istediği topraklardan birisi de Balkanlar olmuştur. Bu kapsamda İngiltere, Fransa ve savaşın sonlarında Piomente Osmanlı Devleti’nin yanında Rusya’nın yayılmacı politikalarına engel olmak için savaşa katılmışlardır. Böylece Müttefik devletler Rus ordularına karşı başarı kazanmış ve Paris Antlaşması ile savaş son bulmuştur. Bu savaşın ardından Rusya Slavcılık politikasını planlı ve sistematik bir şekilde devam ettirmiş ve Balkanlar üzerinde milliyetçi hareketlerin hız kazanmasına sebep olmuştur.
Ecosystem Services to Support the Diversification of Agricultural Production
Authors:   Department of Economy, Entrepreneurship, Trade and Exchange Activities, Podillia State University, st. Shevchenko, 13, Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine 32300. E-mail: dom.alla@meta.ua, Pecheniuk Alla , Borkovska Valentyna ,   Department of Accounting, Taxation & E-Business Technologies, Podillia State University, st. Shevchenko, 13 Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine 32300. E-mail: valentinaborkovska@gmail.com, Pecheniuk Andrii ,   Department of Finance, Banking, Insurance & Electronic Payment Systems, Podillia State University, st. Shevchenko, 13, Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine 32300. E-mail: anvaspe@meta.ua, Iryna Mushenyk ,   Department of Mathematics, Informatics & Academic Writing, Podillia State University, st. Shevchenko, 13 Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine 32300. E-mail: mushenik77@ukr.net
Published: April 2022

The issue of diversification of the agricultural sector in the context of providing environmental, social and economic components is on the agenda of governments of many countries. Ecosystem services can form a powerful direction of agricultural development inculcating the sustainable development. A significant problem lies in the lack of ecosystem conservation, the lack of realization of ecosystem services, limited understanding of the nature of ecosystem services, and the lack of available statistics. Current research focuses on assessing the contribution of ecosystem services to entire cycle of a product and how it overcomes the business risks. As a result, new sources of income are foregone. That is why effective environmental management must take into account new income opportunities flowing in from various ecosystem services if conserved properly. This article is to identify possible areas for diversification of the agricultural sector in the context of ecosystem services. Some factors that determine ecosystem services are suggested. Correlation models are used to understand the relationship between ecosystem services and the agricultural productivity. Based on secondary data, the optimal directions of diversification of agricultural producers are determined. Some organizational aspects of opening new avenues in given legislation framework are identified.
DEMONSTRASI PEMBUATAN MINUMAN SEGAR DAN SEHAT BERBAHAN DASAR TANAMAN OBAT KELUARGA JENIS RIMPANG
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi , Dewi Novita , Maemunah Neni , Endra Cita Errick , Ma’sum Zuhdi
Published: April 2022

The implementation of community service aims to increase the knowledge and skills of participants in processing rhizomes into a fresh and healthy drink, rhizome types are believed to have benefits and efficacy to help improve health. Improving the knowledge and skills of participants can be done by providing training through demonstrations and mentoring by giving participants the opportunity to try making fresh and healthy drinks made from rhizomes. The implementation of this community service activity was attended by PKK members in Sidorejo Village, Jabung District, Malang Regency with a total of 31 participants. This activity takes place for 2 days, starting from 04 to 05 September 2021 at the DEWISRI Tourist Location (Desa Wisata Sidorejo Indah). The first day of community service activities; participants were given a pre-test before the presentation of the material, the results of the pre-test showed that most of the participants' knowledge of making fresh and healthy drinks made from rhizomes was still lacking. Then after the pre-test presentation of the material and demonstration from the video. second day activities; participants were given a post-test and participants were given the opportunity to practice making fresh and healthy drinks made from rhizomes, in practice the participants were evaluated by the presenters with a check list sheet. Based on the results of the post-test and practice, it was shown that the knowledge, skills and abilities of the participants had increased. After the community service activities take place, it is hoped that participants can process rhizome ingredients into a fresh and healthy drink to increase family immunity, besides that participants can also produce these drinks and sell them.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DARING APRESIASI SENI BERBASIS ANDROID SMARTPHONE
Authors: Yunianti Esterica , Kurniadi Edi
Published: April 2022

This service aims to provide knowledge and practice of making online art appreciation learning media during the COVID-19 pandemic based on Android smartphones. The use of android smartphones as a tool for making learning media is based on the consideration that android smartphones have increasingly diverse uses because they are supported by the availability of various applications. The training was conducted for middle school art and culture teachers in Karanganyar. Implementation of the training using the lecture method to convey theoretical material about learning media, discussions to determine the concept of learning media to be made, and assistance in making learning media based on Android smartphones. The results of the training in the form of learning media are then carried out field trials to determine the success and shortcomings. After the learning media is improved, the learning media can be used in online art appreciation learning.

Keywords: learning media, art appreciation, android smartphone
MEASUREMENT OF SOME CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN NORMAL HUMAN BREAST TISSUE BY NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS
Authors:   A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Obninsk, Russia, Zaichick V. , Davydov G.A. ,   A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Obninsk, Russia
Published: April 2022

Purpose: To develop the method of chemical element (ChE) content measurement in samples of breast tissue (BT) using the activation by neutrons of nuclear reactor combined with the high-resolution spectrometry of gamma-radiation of short-lived radionuclides (INAA-SLR), and to investigate ChE contents in normal human mammary gland. Material and methods: In the samples of BT taken from female with intact mammary glands (mostly died from trauma, n = 38) the contents of calcium (Ca), chlorine (Cl), iodine (I), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), and strontium (Sr) were measured. To determine these element contents, the method of INAA-SLR was developed. Results: The accuracy of the developed method and the reliability of the results obtained in the study were confirmed by the measurements of international certified reference material IAEA H-4 Animal Muscles and the good agreement with data of its certificate. The main statistic parameters, including, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, standard error of mean, minimum and maximum values, median, percentiles with 0.025 and 0.975 levels was calculated for ChE contents in the normal BT. It was shown, for example, that means of mass fractions ± standard errors of means (M±SEM, mg/kg dry tissue) in normal human mammary gland were: Ca 128±14, Cl 1014±146, I 0,82±0,11, K 196±20, Mg 80,0±9,4, Mn 0,27±0,04, Na 665±71 и Sr 5,20±0,75. It was found that the Ca, Cl, I, K, Mg, Mn, Na и Sr contents in human mammary gland very differ from the normal level of these elements in whole blood, muscle and adipose tissue, particularly in contents of I and Sr. Conclusion: The method of INAA-SLR allow to obtain the representative data on Ca, Cl, I, K, Mg, Mn, Na и Sr contents in human BT specimen. It was shown, that such trace elements as I and Sr may be directly involved in the mammary gland function.
Perbaikan Metode Kerja pada Proses Pengemasan Lilin Spiral di CV. Taruna Jaya Berdasarkan Studi Gerak
Authors: Hidayat Ma’ruf , Cahyadi Ujang
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkecil waktu penyelesaian proses pengemasan dengan cara memperbaiki metode kerjanya. Perbaikan ini menggunakan pendekatan studi gerak dengan menggunakan alat bantu peta tangan kiri tangan kanan. Dari hasil pengamatan, diketahui bahwa pada stasiun pengemasan lilin spiral terdapat beberapa gerakan yang tidak efektif dan gerakan tangan kanan dan tangan kiri yang tidak seimbang. Setelah dilakukan analisa dan perbaikan terhadap metode kerja dengan berdasarkan studi gerakan dan ekonomi gerakan yaitu dengan mengurangi atau mengeliminasi gerakan yang tidak efektif, menggabungkan elemen kerja menjadi satu gerakan dan melakukan perubahan pada layout lingkungan kerja stasiun pengemasan, dihasilkan penurunan waktu penyelesaian proses pengemasan menjadi 18,65 detik untuk pengemasan 1 dan 39,2 detik untuk pengemasan 2 dan setelah melakukan standarisasi waktu dihasilkan bahwa waktu baku untuk pengemasan 1 yaitu 23,84 detik dan waktu baku untuk pengemasan 2 yaitu 48,54 detik.
Kepraktisan Media Pembelajaran Komik Matematika pada Materi Himpunan Kelas VII SMP/MTs
Authors: Irawan Ardy , Hakim M. Arif Rahman
Published: April 2022

Media pembelajaran memiliki kontribusi dalam proses belajar mengajar, tidak saja membantu pengajar menyampaikan pelajaran tetapi juga memberikan nilai tambah dalam pembelajaran. Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media dalam proses belajar mengajar memiliki dua peranan penting, yaitu: (1) media sebagai alat bantu mengajar atau disebut sebagai dependent media karena posisi di sini sebagai alat bantu (efektivitas), (2) media sebagai sumber belajar yang digunakan sendiri oleh para peserta secara mandiri atau disebut dengan independent media. Salah satu media yang dapat dijadikan solusi sebagai media pembelajaran yang menarik adalah komik matematika. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kepraktisan dari media yang dikembangkan yaitu komik matematika. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian pengembangan atau research and development (R&D). Model pengembangan yang digunakan adalah ADDIE yang diadaptasi dari Branch (2009) meliputi tahap analysis (analisis), design (perancangan), development (pengembangan), implementation (implementasi), evaluation (evaluasi). Teknik pengumpulan data kepraktisan dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket uji kepraktisan media pembelajaran oleh guru pada uji perorangan dan pengumpulan data kepraktisan oleh pada uji lapangan skala lecil dengan menggunakan angket persepsi siswa. Data pada instrumen angket uji kepraktisan yang telah diisi kemudian dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan melakukan perhitungan skor total untuk seluruh indikator yang kemudian dianalisis dengan rumus untuk mengetahui nilai kepraktisannya. Berdasarkan hasil uji kepraktisan dapat diketahui bahwa media yang dikembangkan termasuk dalam kategori sangat praktis yaitu dengan persentase uji coba perorangan (guru) 91,4% dan uji kelompok kecil (siswa) 93,8%. Jika dilihat berdasarkan penilaian dari guru maupun siswa menunjukan bahwa ada pertimbangkan mengenai media pembelajaran sehingga memenuhi kriteria kepraktisan.

Kata kunci: Media pembelajaran, Komik Matematika
Por uma outra comunicação? A mídia livre e a busca pela efetivação dos Direitos Humanos – Uma Análise de Discursos do coletivo brasileiro Intervozes
Authors: Silva Mayara da Costa e
Published: April 2022

Pesquisa feita em 2017 intitulada Monitor de Propriedade de Mídia (MOM) e organizada pela Repórteres Sem Fronteiras mostra que o Brasil apresenta os piores indicadores para a pluralidade na mídia entre 12 países em desenvolvimento. Quatro das principais redes de TV brasileiras somam mais de 71% de toda a audiência do país. Em contramão a estes conglomerados midiáticos existe o conceito de mídia livre caracterizada por ser uma mídia alternativa aos modelos de comunicação oligárquicos que compõem o cenário midiático brasileiro. Diante deste contexto o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar os discursos que o coletivo brasileiro Intervozes faz sobre si mesmo ao se denominar como uma mídia livre e democrática. O corpus deste estudo compreende quatro textos do site oficial do Intervozes a saber: Quem somos, Carta de Princípios, Áreas de Atuação Direitos Humanos e Comunicação Pública e Popular. Ancorados sobre o pressuposto teórico metodológico da Análise do Discurso (AD) que entende que todo discurso é uma construção social com o intuito de gerar sentidos, este estudo recorre aos teóricos Benetti (2008),  Ferreira (2010), Foucault (1995), Orlandi (1999), Paulillo (1997),  Pinto (2002), entre outros, para abordar sobre condições de produção e formação discursiva. Também abordamos sobre comunicação e democracia a partir da visão de Chauí (2018), Kucinsky (2003), Vilela (2018) e outros. Os resultados apontam para um discurso com caráter auto afirmativo no sentido que o Intervozes se entende como um agente transformador enquanto novo meio de comunicação e deseja reforçar no leitor esse sentido.