bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Influence of Additive Manufacturing and Ultrasonic Coating Parameters on Biopolymeric Scaffold Performance Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Sharma Shrutika , Mishra Abhinav , Jain Vivek , Gupta Vishal
Published: September 2024

Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) scaffolds have gained attention in additive manufacturing due to their unique porous structures, which are useful in biomedical applications. Unlike metallic implants that can cause stress shielding, polymeric scaffolds offer a safer alternative. This study is focused on enhancing the compressive strength of additive‐manufactured polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds with a diamond structure. The response surface methodology (RSM)‐based experimental design was developed to study the influence of printing parameters. The fused deposition modeling (FDM) process parameters were optimized, achieving a compressive strength of 56.2 MPa. Subsequently, the scaffolds were fabricated at optimized parameters and underwent ultrasonic‐assisted polydopamine coating. With the utilization of the RSM approach, the study examined the effects of ultrasonic vibration power, coating solution concentration, and submersion time on compressive strength. The optimal coating conditions led to a maximum compressive strength of 92.77 MPa—a 65.1% improvement over the uncoated scaffold. This enhancement is attributed to the scaffold's porous structure, which enables uniform coating deposition. Energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy confirmed the successful polydopamine coating, with 10.64 wt% nitrogen content. These findings demonstrate the potential of ultrasonic‐assisted coating in improving the mechanical properties of PLA scaffolds, making them suitable for biomedical applications.
Covalent organic frameworks and related innovative materials in chiral separation and recognition
Authors: Qin Yuxin , Li Dan , Yao Tian , Ali Ahmad , Wu Jieyu , Yao Shun
Published: September 2024

Chiral recognition and enantioseparation are of paramount importance in various fields, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and material science. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising materials for chiral separation due to their unique structural features and tunable properties. This review provided a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the application of COFs and related innovative materials for chiral separation and recognition. Various strategies were analyzed for the design and synthesis of chiral COFs, including the incorporation of chiral building blocks, post‐synthetic modification, and the integration of chiral selectors. The applications of chiral COFs in chromatographic techniques, membrane separations, and other emerging methods were critically evaluated with the emphasis on their advantages and limitations. Additionally, the review summarized the potential of combining COFs with other nanomaterials, such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and nanoparticles, to enhance chiral recognition and separation performance. The fundamental principles and mechanisms of chiral recognition were discussed, highlighting the role of chiral selectors and their interactions with enantiomers. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives in this field were discussed, providing insights into the development of more efficient and versatile chiral separation systems based on COFs and related materials.
Exploring the link between empathy, stress, altruism, and loneliness in university students during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Larrabee Sonderlund Anders , Wehberg Sonja , Assing Hvidt Elisabeth
Published: September 2024

Background

Empathy has been associated with a range of positive outcomes, including social connection, pro‐social behavior, and mental health. Nonetheless, acknowledging the multidimensional aspects of empathy, budding research indicates that sometimes empathy may precipitate negative health outcomes.

Aim

In the present paper, we explore the extent to which the multidimensional aspects of empathy—as measured by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index—may relate to the experience of increased stress during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We also examine potential behavioral moderators (altruism) and social mediators (loneliness) of any such effect.

Method

We conducted a cross‐sectional survey study of 2595 Danish university students and implemented linear regression analyses to determine the relationships between our key variables.

Results

In both crude and adjusted regression models, our findings indicate positive associations between the IRI subscales Fantasy, Empathic Concern, and Personal Distress on self‐reported stress and loneliness. Perspective Taking was marginally and inversely associated with stress but not loneliness. Altruism did not moderate these associations, but loneliness did mediate the effects of Fantasy, Empathic Concern, and Personal Distress on stress.

Discussion

Our results emphasize the importance of conceptualizing empathy in multi‐dimensional terms. Further, our study highlights the potential negative health consequences of empathy in certain settings. These results may help focus future research in this area and feed into mental health interventions.
Impact of corporate social responsibility on sustainable agriculture and livelihood of farmers
Authors: Misra Shuchi Benara , Kumari Sneha , Miglani Varun
Published: September 2024

Rural areas have low levels of advancement and access to resources compared to urban regions, and elevating these regions is fundamental for accomplishing balanced and sustainable development. Rural uplifting typically includes a range of interventions, and by drawing in local stakeholders, rural uplifting projects can make sustainable arrangements that are custom‐made for each community's unique difficulties and opportunities. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) can contribute to and aid the government's efforts in rural development. CybageAsha's (CSR department of Cybage Software) flagship programs seek to improve rural communities through sustainable solutions. These encompass income‐generating interventions using contemporary agricultural methods as well as infrastructure development. This article analyses the impact of agricultural interventions on the farmers' livelihoods carried out by CybageAsha in 19 villages across the Pune district (India) by using the t‐test and difference‐in‐difference approach. Findings reveal that the shift from traditional farming methods to adopting new farming methods among beneficiaries has added value in improving the beneficiaries' yields, incomes, skills, and livelihood. CybageAsha's interventions positively impacted the beneficiaries, contributing to agricultural development, livelihood improvement, income generation, and a decline in migration. However, there is a need for continuous support and improvement to sustain the benefits for farmers. The article provides a new understanding for researchers and practitioners about the CSR approaches towards agricultural development. Addressing the challenges and concerns identified in the data analysis will further enhance the effectiveness of rural uplifting initiatives.
The formation of a sustainable organizational identity: Insights from Brazilian coffee producers
Authors: Kyrdoda Yuliia , Balzano Marco , Vianelli Donata
Published: September 2024

Organizations craft their identities to define their character and effectively communicate their values to stakeholders. In the contemporary quest for sustainability, building an identity that genuinely reflects their awareness and attention to these issues is increasingly salient. Over the years, research on organizational identity exhibited constant growth, witnessing the power of organizational identities exerted over organizational behavior. Prior research has emphasized the importance of organizational identity for an array of positive organizational outcomes. Still, much less is known about the levers behind the identity formation process. Against this backdrop, the present study explores the pathways to the formation of a sustainable organizational identity. By drawing on organizational identity and sensemaking literature, we build up a narrative inquiry, analyzing the experiences and perspectives of executives from 25 Brazilian coffee producers through in‐depth interviews. The findings underline that the process of formation involves three phases, namely, orienting toward sustainability, acting sustainably, and forging a sustainable identity, which are also shaped by contextual factors. We emphasize the key role of leadership in building a sustainable identity, as their motivations and sustainability‐oriented commitments could serve as catalysts for triggering organizational change.
The longitudinal reciprocal relationship between depressive symptoms and life satisfaction among middle‐aged women
Authors: Wang Juanjuan , Hoe Maanse
Published: September 2024

Several cross‐sectional studies have confirmed the negative correlation between depressive symptoms and life satisfaction; however, there exists limited research on this longitudinal relationship. This study employed the random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel model (RI‐CLPM) to examine the longitudinal reciprocal relationship between depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. For this purpose, a nationally representative sample of middle‐aged women (N = 2,054 at baseline, aged 40–60 years) from the Korean Welfare Panel Data (KoWePS) was analysed. The results of the RI‐CLPM indicate that at the within‐person level, an individual's life satisfaction levels negatively predicted depressive symptoms, and vice versa. This finding indicates that interventions to reduce depressive symptoms may help improve life satisfaction. Conversely, interventions to increase life satisfaction may help to reduce or prevent depressive symptoms. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Naturally Occurring Polyhydroxylated Spirostanol Saponins, A Review of the Classification, Sources, Biosynthesis, Biological Activities, and Toxicity
Authors: Wang Yue‐Hu
Published: September 2024

Polyhydroxylated spirostanol saponins, characterized by three or more hydroxy substitutions in the aglycone, have various interesting biological activities. In the present study, “steroids”, “saponins”, “polyhydroxylated”, “spirostanol saponins”, and “steroidal saponins” were used as search terms to screen the literature. Cited references were collected between 1950 and 2023 from the Web of Science, SciFinder, and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI). A total of 407 polyhydroxylated spirostanol saponins were included in this review. These saponins were classified into three types, α, β, and γ. Polyhydroxylated spirostanol saponins have potential benefits, primarily anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitory activities. These compounds were found in 11 plant families and 36 genera. The top three families containing the most saponins were Asparagaceae, Melanthiaceae, and Amaryllidaceae, and the top five genera were Trillium, Helleborus, Allium, Dracaena, and Paris. The top five plants were Trillium tschonoskii Maxim., Ypsilandra thibetica Franch., Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (Franch.)Hand.‐Mazz., Helleborus thibetanus Franch., and Helleborus foetidus L. On the basis of their diverse biological activities, these saponins and related plant resources are worthy of further development and utilization.
New Sulfurated Butyrolactones from the Fungus Penicillium janthinellum
Authors: Yang Lu‐Jia , Han Zhuang , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Shao Chang‐Lun , Wang Chang‐Yun
Published: September 2024

Deep‐sea derived fungi are considered as significant resources to discovery structurally diverse and biologically active natural compounds. In this study, four new sulfurated butyrolactones, penijanthiones A–D (1–4), together with four known analogues (5–8), were isolated from a Mariana Trench‐derived fungus Penicillium janthinellum SH0301. Compounds 1–4 were the undescribed examples for natural butyrolactones coupling with a mercaptolactate moiety. Their structures including the absolute configurations of these new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data, and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD). The plausible biosynthetic pathway of sulfur‐incorporation of 1–4 was proposed. All of these isolated compounds were evaluated their cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antiviral activities.
Seasonal Study Chemical Profiles and Bioactivities of Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig Essential Oils: Nematicidal, Insecticidal, Phytotoxic, Antifungal Potentials, and Molecular Docking Insights
Authors: Arya Sushila , Kumar Ravendra , Karakoti Himani , Kumar Mahawer Sonu , Prakash Om , Kumar Satya , Latwal Mamta , Panday Ganesh , Santana de Oliveira Mozaniel
Published: September 2024

Hedychium coronarium plant has attracted considerable attention from researchers due to its diverse phytochemical composition and potential therapeutic applications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile and biological attributes of H. coronarium essential oils collected during different seasons in the Kumaun region of Uttarakhand. The essential oils were extracted from the rhizomes using hydrodistillation with a Clevenger‐type apparatus yielding between 0.07 % to 0.38 % (w/w). The major compounds identified by GC‐MS analysis exhibited seasonal variations and included 1,8‐cineole (26.6–38.5 %), coronarin E (11.9–18.8 %), α‐pinene (5.00–14.9 %), α‐terpineol (4.2–9.3 %), (E)‐β‐caryophyllene (1.2–9.7 %), and linalool (0.4–2.9 %). To illustrate the variations in oil composition, visualization techniques such as heat map and PCA were employed. The essential oils demonstrated potential biological activity in all tests conducted. The molecular modeling study indicated that the potential mechanism may be associated with acetylcholinesterase. Consequently, this study contributes to the development of novel natural pesticides.
Role of low‐density cholesterol and Interleukin‐17 interaction in breast cancer pathogenesis and treatment
Authors: Liu Qingqing , Yang Rongyuan , Wang Dawei , Liu Qing
Published: September 2024

Breast cancer (BC) has become the most prevalent cancer worldwide, and further research is being conducted to deepen our understanding of its pathogenesis and treatment. Lipid metabolism disorder is a significant alteration in cancer cells, and the investigation into the role of Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) in malignant tumors has emerged as a research focus in recent years. Thus, exploring changes in lipid metabolism and inflammatory factors in BC cells is crucial in identifying potential therapeutic targets. This article summarizes the progress made in the research on the main low‐density cholesterol (LDL) transporter and IL‐17 in lipid metabolism, and their potential involvement in the development of BC. The article aims to establish a theoretical foundation for the development of BC‐related therapies.
Potential of Innovative Concepts STEM Education for Industry 4.0: CrossLab an Example
Authors: Aubel Ines , Zug Sebastian , Bertau Martin
Published: September 2024

The integration of practical, laboratory‐based training in STEM education is of paramount importance. However, traditional methods may prove inadequate in addressing the evolving demands of Industry 4.0. The CrossLab project represents a transformative approach, whereby a modular, interdisciplinary, and cross‐institutional digital laboratory environment is created. This initiative enhances the flexibility, scalability, and collaborative potential of laboratory experiences, thereby equipping students with essential skills in digital literacy, data analysis, and interdisciplinary collaboration. The CrossLab framework represents a novel approach that effectively integrates traditional and digital methods, thereby preparing students for the complexities of Industry 4.0.
The Role of Protein Disulfide Isomerase Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Nie Qiuying , Yang Junwei , Zhou Xiedong , Li Na , Zhang Junmin
Published: September 2024

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a member of the mercaptan isomerase family, primarily located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). At least 21 PDI family members have been identified. PDI plays a key role in protein folding, correcting misfolded proteins, and catalyzing disulfide bond formation, rearrangement, and breaking. It also acts as a molecular chaperone. Dysregulation of PDI activity is thus linked to diseases such as cancer, infections, immune disorders, thrombosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. In particular, elevated intracellular PDI levels can enhance cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion, making it a potential cancer marker. Cancer cells require extensive protein synthesis, with disulfide bond formation by PDI being a critical producer. Thus, cancer cells have higher PDI levels than normal cells. Targeting PDI can induce ER stress and activate the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) pathway, leading to cancer cell apoptosis. This review discusses the structure and function of PDI, PDI inhibitors in cancer therapy, and the limitations of current inhibitors, proposing especially future directions for developing new PDI inhibitors.
Kinetics and Dynamics of Cyclopentanone Thermal Decomposition in Gas Phase
Authors: Priya Himani , Halder Ripan , Paranjothy Manikandan
Published: September 2024

Cyclopentanone is a potential bio‐fuel which can be produced from bio‐mass. Its gas phase dissociation chemistry has attracted several experimental and theoretical investigations. In the photochemical and thermal decomposition studies of cyclopentanone, ethylene and carbon monoxide were found to be dominant reaction products along with several other compounds in smaller quantities. For the formation of ethylene and carbon monoxide, a concerted mechanism has been proposed as the primary reaction pathway. In addition, a step‐wise mechanism involving ring‐opened radical intermediate has also been considered. The present work reports gas phase thermal decomposition of cyclopentanone at high temperatures investigated using electronic structure theory methods, Rice‐Ramsperger‐Kassel‐Marcus (RRKM) rate constant calculations, and Born‐Oppenheimer direct classical trajectory simulations. The trajectory calculations were performed on density functional PBE96/6‐31+G* potential energy surface using initial conditions selected from fixed energy normal mode distributions. Simulations showed that ethylene and carbon monoxide formed primarily via the concerted mechanism confirming the earlier predictions. In addition, step‐wise pathways were also observed for the same products in lower fraction of trajectories. Furthermore, several other reaction products in smaller quantities and new mechanistic pathways were observed. The computed RRKM rate constants and simulation data are in agreement with experimental results and detailed atomic level dissociation mechanisms presented.
Towards Portable Kits for On‐Site Colorimetric Detection of Aqueous Hydrazine Using Piperidine‐Thiophene‐Barbituric Acid Push‐Pull Probe
Authors: Fernandes Rikitha S , Paul Suvendu , Klikar Milan , Bureš Filip , Dey Nilanjan
Published: September 2024

Owing to the carcinogenicity and environmental risks as well as the wide industrial use of hydrazine, we report herein a colorimetric probe for its ratiometric detection in pure water. The developed probe possesses push‐pull architecture with 2‐(piperidyn‐1‐yl) thiophene as the donor, N,N’‐dibutylbarbituric as the acceptor, and butadiene as the spacer. In contrast to weak solvatochromic behavior in organic solvents, the probe showed distinct optical photophysical properties in water resulting from the formation of nanoscopic aggregates. The probe underwent pronounced spectral changes upon the addition of hydrazine including an 11.5‐fold decrease in absorbance and ~2.4‐fold fluorescence quenching. The mechanistic investigation revealed the rapid formation of hydrazone upon the interaction of the probe with hydrazine via retro‐Knoevenagel reaction as confirmed experimentally and corroborated with DFT calculations. The induced colorimetric and fluorometric changes were utilized in hydrazine sensing with excellent selectivity over other biologically relevant analytes with a detection limit of 0.76 μM in aqueous media. The practical utility of the probe was assessed in real‐life natural water samples, while we have also developed a cost‐effective portable kit for the on‐site hydrazine detection both in the solution and vapor phases.
Exciplex Emission in the POSS Possessing Two Kinds of Luminophores
Authors: Narikiyo Hayato , Kato Taichi , Gon Masayuki , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: September 2024

Here we report the synthesis and luminescent properties of the modified polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) that possesses two types of luminophores, cyanobenzene and N,N‐diethylaniline for inducing significant emission not only from each dye but also from molecular interactions on the POSS core. From the optical measurements in the diluted solution, we observed both locally‐excited emission and excimer emission originating from intramolecular interactions assisted by POSS. Moreover, highly‐efficient exciplex emission was observed from the thin film, indicating that the interaction between luminophores easily occurs in the solid state by accumulating two kinds of molecules in the single POSS molecule. Finally, we also found that the modified POSS showed a unique acid responsiveness which can be caused by protonation at two types of amino moieties. In this manuscript, it is shown that POSS is able to play various roles at the same time: recruiting excited molecules to form exciplexes, suppressing concentration quenching in the solid state, and imparting stimulus responsiveness to exciplexes.
Nudging towards sustainability: Exploring the role of behavioral interventions in circular bio‐economy development for the fashion industry
Authors: Falcone Pasquale Marcello , Fiorentino Raffaele
Published: September 2024

The fashion and food industries are major contributors to waste generation, making sustainability management a priority for both practitioners and scholars. This study examines how nudging can promote the development of a circular bioeconomy within the fashion industry, specifically investigating whether nudging techniques can facilitate the market adoption of fashion products made from sustainable textiles derived from food waste. Using a dataset of 2112 participants from four European countries, we employ regression and clustering analyses to identify consumer profiles based on psychological and behavioral characteristics. Our econometric analysis reveals that gender, education, and psychological factors such as environmental responsibility and awareness significantly impact sustainable behaviors. Additionally, a left‐leaning political orientation is positively associated with engagement in sustainable practices and willingness to pay for eco‐friendly products. Clustering analysis identifies distinct consumer profiles: “enthusiastic” individuals demonstrate high commitment to sustainability, while “skeptics” shows low engagement and responsiveness to environmental issues. The study offers key policy implications on the effectiveness of nudging interventions in enhancing the sustainability of the fashion industry.
Lignocellulose Treatment Using a Flow‐Through Variant of OrganoCat Process
Authors: Schoofs Leonie , Weidener Dennis , Leitner Walter , Klose Holger , Grande Philipp M.
Published: September 2024

This study adapts the biphasic OrganoCat system into a flow‐through (FT) reactor, using a heated tubular setup where a mixture of oxalic acid and 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MTHF) is pumped through beech wood biomass. This method minimizes solvent‐biomass contact time, facilitating rapid product removal and reducing the risk of secondary reactions. A comparative analysis with traditional batch processes reveals that the FT system, especially under severe conditions, significantly enhances extraction efficiency, yielding higher amounts of lignin and sugars with reduced solid residue. Notably, the FT system shows partial hydrolysis of the cellulose, which increases with temperature while not producing significant amounts of furfural or 5‐HMF, indicating more efficient depolymerization of polysaccharides without substantial sugar degradation. A statistical design of experiments (DOE) using a Box‐Behnken design elucidates the influence of process variables (time, solvent flow rate, temperature) on the yield. Key findings highlight reactor temperature as the dominant factor affecting yields, with process time showing a significant but less pronounced impact. This study demonstrates the potential of the FT OrganoCat system for efficient lignocellulosic biomass fractionation and represents an advancement towards continuous lignocellulose processing, contributing to our knowledge of process optimization for improved biorefinery applications.
Mono‐/Bimetallic Doped and Heterostructure Engineering for Electrochemical Energy Applications
Authors: Chu Dawei , Liang Zhongwang , Cheng Yi , Chai Dong‐Feng , Li Meijia
Published: September 2024

Designing efficient materials is crucial to meeting specific requirements in various electrochemical energy applications. Mono‐/bimetallic doped and heterostructure engineering have attracted considerable research interest due to their unique functionalities and potential for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. However, addressing material imperfections such as low conductivity and poor active sites requires a strategic approach to design. This review explores the latest advancements in materials modified by mono‐/bimetallic doped and heterojunction strategies for electrochemical energy applications. It can be subdivided into three key points: (i) the regulatory mechanisms of metal doping and heterostructure engineering for materials; (ii) the preparation methods of materials with various engineering strategies; and (iii) the synergistic effects of two engineering approaches, further highlighting their applications in supercapacitors, alkaline ion batteries, and electrocatalysis. Finally, the review concludes with perspectives and recommendations for further research to advance these technologies.
A review on daidzein as food supplement: Exploring its phytopharmacological and preclinical status
Authors: Ahmad Sana , Ahsan Farogh , Ansari Javed Akhtar , Mahmood Tarique , Shamim Arshiya , Bano Shahzadi , Tiwari Reshu , Ansari Vaseem Ahamad , Shafiurrahman  , Kesari Mithilesh
Published: September 2024

A natural product is a compound or substance originating from a living organism and found in nature. Daidzein belongs to the class of bioflavonoids, which are plant‐derived compounds with various biological activities. Predominantly exists in soybeans and several legumes in either glycoside or aglycone forms. Its primary chemical constituents include metabolites like equol and trihydroxy isoflavone, generated through the influence of intestinal bacteria. Daidzein has exhibited pharmacological impacts on different ailments, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, skin disorders, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Daidzein's mechanisms of action involve interactions with estrogen receptors, as well as its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, along with its ability to regulate apoptosis and the cell cycle. In efforts to enhance its solubility, stability, bioavailability, and targeting, daidzein has been innovatively formulated into novel dosage forms, including nanoparticles, liposomes, microemulsions, and nanosuspensions. As a promising nutraceutical, daidzein presents multiple health benefits and holds potential for various clinical applications. Additional investigation is required to comprehend the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon and assess its safety. The purpose of this review is to provide a short description of the therapeutic properties, chemical composition, traditional use, toxicology profile, new insights on the dosage form, and future prospects of daidzein.
Effects of live transport methods on the survivability, physiological responses, and flesh quality of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
Authors: Liu Chune , Lin Aiqi , Li Zixuan , Ma Zheng , Liu Feng
Published: September 2024

Waterless transport is an alternative method for live aquatic products. However, the changes that occur in the fish body after transportation are not known. Herein, the effects of different transport methods on quality of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were investigated. Fish were divided into four groups: Group A (water, 17°C), Group B (waterless, 3°C), Group C (water, 3°C), and Group D (control, 17°C). In the case of 100% survival, the maximum transport time was 40 h for Group A, 55 h for Group B, and 90 h for Group C. Both crude protein and crude fat decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the treatment groups compared with the control group. Compared with control group, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lactic acid (LA), and serum cortisol (COR) increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all treatment groups. After fish recovered, LDH, LA, and COR values were all significantly (p < 0.05) lower than their corresponding non‐recovered group. Compared with the control group, the expression of proteins related to muscle motility and stress capacity both decreased in the low‐temperature, waterless group. Together, obvious damage may occur to flesh quality, liver, and heart of turbot when the transport time is >40 h, regardless of the transport method.
The chronic heart failure evolutions: Different fates and routes
Authors: Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Chiesa Mattia , Salvioni Elisabetta , Emdin Michele , Piepoli Massimo , Sinagra Gianfranco , Senni Michele , Bonomi Alice , Adamopoulos Stamatis , Miliopoulos Dimitris , Mapelli Massimo , Campodonico Jeness , Attanasio Umberto , Apostolo Anna , Pestrin Emanuele , Rossoni Agostino , Magrì Damiano , Paolillo Stefania , Corrà Ugo , Raimondo Rosa , Cittadini Antonio , Iorio Annamaria , Salzano Andrea , Lagioia Rocco , Vignati Carlo , Badagliacca Roberto , Filardi Pasquale Perrone , Correale Michele , Perna Enrico , Metra Marco , Cattadori Gaia , Guazzi Marco , Limongelli Giuseppe , Parati Gianfranco , De Martino Fabiana , Matassini Maria Vittoria , Bandera Francesco , Bussotti Maurizio , Re Federica , Lombardi Carlo M. , Scardovi Angela B. , Sciomer Susanna , Passantino Andrea , Santolamazza Caterina , Girola Davide , Passino Claudio , Karsten Marlus , Nodari Savina , Pompilio Giulio ,   MECKI score research group
Published: September 2024

Aims

Individual prognostic assessment and disease evolution pathways are undefined in chronic heart failure (HF). The application of unsupervised learning methodologies could help to identify patient phenotypes and the progression in each phenotype as well as to assess adverse event risk.

Methods and results

From a bulk of 7948 HF patients included in the MECKI registry, we selected patients with a minimum 2‐year follow‐up. We implemented a topological data analysis (TDA), based on 43 variables derived from clinical, biochemical, cardiac ultrasound, and exercise evaluations, to identify several patients' clusters. Thereafter, we used the trajectory analysis to describe the evolution of HF states, which is able to identify bifurcation points, characterized by different follow‐up paths, as well as specific end‐stages conditions of the disease. Finally, we conducted a 5‐year survival analysis (composite of cardiovascular death, left ventricular assist device, or urgent heart transplant). Findings were validated on internal (n = 527) and external (n = 777) populations. We analyzed 4876 patients (age = 63 [53–71], male gender n = 3973 (81.5%), NYHA class I–II n = 3576 (73.3%), III–IV n = 1300 (26.7%), LVEF = 33 [25.5–39.9], atrial fibrillation n = 791 (16.2%), peak VO2% pred = 54.8 [43.8–67.2]), with a minimum 2‐year follow‐up. Nineteen patient clusters were identified by TDA. Trajectory analysis revealed a path characterized by 3 bifurcation and 4 end‐stage points. Clusters survival rate varied from 44% to 100% at 2 years and from 20% to 100% at 5 years, respectively. The event frequency at 5‐year follow‐up for each study cohort cluster was successfully compared with those in the validation cohorts (R = 0.94 and R = 0.84, P < 0.001, for internal and external cohort, respectively). Finally, we conducted a 5‐year survival analysis (composite of cardiovascular death, left ventricular assist device, or urgent heart transplant observed in 22% of cases).

Conclusions

Each HF phenotype has a specific disease progression and prognosis. These findings allow to individualize HF patient evolutions and to tailor assessment.
Evaluating depression in Indonesian adolescents with epilepsy: Comprehensive validation and reliability assessment of the neurological disorders depression inventory‐epilepsy for youth Indonesian version (NDDI‐E‐Y[ID])
Authors: Handryastuti Setyo , Wiguna Tjhin , Chozie Novie Amelia , Medise Bernie Endyarni , Indawati Wahyuni , Hafifah Cut Nurul , Winarta Widdy
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder in pediatrics. Depression is an often underdetected comorbidity in childhood epilepsy. This study aimed to adapt the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory‐Epilepsy for Youth (NDDI‐E‐Y) to the Indonesian language and population, as well as to validate the Indonesian version of NDDI‐E‐Y (NDDI‐E‐Y[ID]).

Methods

This three‐stage study comprised instrument translation, cultural verification, and content validity testing (first stage), pilot testing (second stage), followed by concurrent validity and reliability testing (third stage) of the NDDI‐E‐Y(ID). Validation was done against the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale – Revised (CESD‐R). Content validity, assessed by six experts, was quantified using the content validity index for items (I‐CVI) and scale (S‐CVI). Participants were adolescents aged 12–17 years diagnosed with any type of epilepsy who completed both instruments. Concurrent validity was evaluated using Spearman's correlation and reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha.

Results

The first stage produced a culturally appropriate NDDI‐E‐Y(ID). Thirty healthy adolescents and 10 adolescents with epilepsy participated in the second stage. In the third stage, another group of 30 adolescents with epilepsy took part. We obtained I‐CVI and S‐CVI values averaging 1. The NDDI‐E‐Y(ID) showed a positive and significant correlation with CESD‐R (Spearman's rho = 0.671, p < 0.001). A Cronbach's alpha of 0.928 reflected a high internal consistency.

Significance

Based on the results, the NDDI‐E‐Y(ID) was found to be a valid and reliable screening instrument for detecting depression in youth with epilepsy.

Plain Language Summary

Depression is an under‐recognized problem in youth with epilepsy. Currently available depression screening tools are in English, making it less suitable for detection purposes in Indonesia. This study developed and validated the Indonesian version of the NDDI‐E‐Y, a depression screening tool for youth with epilepsy.
Real‐time hybrid simulation of structural systems with soil‐foundation interaction effects using neural networks
Authors: Al‐Subaihawi Safwan , Ricles James , Quiel Spencer , Marullo Thomas , Malik Faisal
Published: September 2024

Real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) involves dividing a structural system into numerical and experimental substructures. The experimental substructure is challenging to model analytically and is therefore modeled physically in the laboratory. Analytical substructures are conventionally modeled using the finite element method. The two substructures are kinematically linked, and the governing equations of motion are solved in real‐time. Thus, the state determination of the analytical substructure needs to occur within the timestep, which is of the order of a few milliseconds. All structural systems are supported by a soil‐foundation system and any evaluation of the efficacy of response modification devices placed in the structure should consider soil‐foundation structure interaction (SFSI) effects. SFSI adds compliance to a structural system, thereby altering the natural frequencies. Additionally, nonlinear behavior in the soil can result in residual deformations in the foundation and structure, as well as provide added damping. These effects can occur under both wind and earthquake loading. To overcome the barrier of the large computational effort required to model SFSI effects in real‐time using the conventional finite element approach, a neural network (NN) model is combined with an explicit‐based analytical substructure and experimental substructure with dampers to create a framework for performing RTHS with SFSI effects. The framework includes a block of long‐short term memory (LSTM) layers that is combined with a parallel rectified linear unit (ReLU) to form a NN model of the soil‐foundation system. RTHS of a tall 40‐story steel building equipped with nonlinear viscous dampers and subjected to a windstorm are performed to illustrate the framework. It was found that a number of factors have an effect on the quality of RTHS results. These include: (i) the discretization of the wind loading into bins of basic wind speed; (ii) the extent of the NN model training as determined by the root mean square error (RMSE); (iii) noise in the restoring forces produced by the NN model and its interaction with the integration algorithm; and, (iv) the bounding of outliers of the NN model's output. Guidelines for extending the framework for the RTHS of structures subjected to seismic loading are provided.
Direct loss‐based seismic design of low‐rise base‐isolated reinforced concrete buildings
Authors: Suarez Diego , Calvi Gian Michele , Gentile Roberto
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a procedure to design low‐rise base‐isolated structures achieving a specific target level of earthquake‐induced loss (e.g., dollars, downtime) while complying with a predefined minimum level of structural reliability. The procedure is “direct” since the target loss is specified at the first step of the process, and virtually no design iterations are required. Direct loss‐based design (DLBD) is enabled by a simplified loss assessment module involving: (1) surrogate probabilistic seismic demand models representing the probability distribution of peak horizontal displacements and accelerations on top of the isolation layer conditional on different ground‐motion intensity levels; (2) approximations of the superstructure response; (3) simplified consequence models for isolation system and superstructure based on damage‐to‐loss ratios (economic loss or repair time); (4) simplified consequence models for acceleration‐ and drift‐sensitive non‐structural components, based on storey loss functions of a potential inventory of components. Given some basic geometrical parameters of the superstructure, DLBD provides the isolation system's force‐displacement curve and the required superstructure's strength complying with a selected loss target. The members' structural detailing follows the principles of direct displacement‐based design, sectional analysis, and the general theory of base isolation. The procedure is illustrated by designing six reinforced concrete wall buildings (two‐, three‐, and four‐storeys) base isolated with lead rubber bearings, to achieve predefined targets of expected repair time. Repair time is benchmarked against a more refined method adopting a cloud‐based non‐linear time history analysis, finding a maximum underestimation of 17%, thus confirming the dependability of DLBD. Such error is almost entirely attributable to the simplified estimation of peak floor accelerations, and it could be potentially eliminated by refining such estimation.
Shear behavior of reinforced concrete walls under variable axial tension‐compression and cyclic lateral loads
Authors: Cheng Xiaowei , Huang Jiankang , Xu Nuo , Li Yi , Ji Xiaodong , Du Xiuli
Published: September 2024

Under a strong earthquake, the axial force of shear walls in tall buildings may vary from compression to tension, but few studies have been conducted on this. Three low‐aspect‐ratio reinforced concrete (RC) wall specimens subjected to coupled variable axial tension‐compression and lateral load were tested in this study, to investigate the effect of the fluctuating range of axial force and loading histories on the shear behavior of RC walls. The test results indicated that shear‐compression failure occurred under the compressive‐shear loading for all test wall specimens, and no obvious post‐peak strength degradation in tension‐shear loading. The hysteretic curves of test wall specimens were strongly affected by the loading histories; the shear strength and deformation capacity were mainly affected by the fluctuation of axial forces, especially for tension‐shear strength. The equation of ACI 318‐19 and JGJ 3‐2010 conservatively predicted the shear strength of RC walls under the variable axial force, while the equation of ASCE/SEI 43‐05 accurately predicted the shear strength with the mean values of the VTest/VASCE of 0.97 and 0.94 for compression‐shear and tension‐shear strength, respectively. Comparison with an RC wall under constant axial tension revealed that the failure modes of RC walls were strongly dependent on the initial cracking patterns. Finally, a finite element (FE) model was developed, and parametric analyses were carried out to further estimate the effect of variable axial force on the cyclic shear behavior of RC walls.
Heat Transfer Analysis of Aqueous Suspensions of CNTs in Microchannel Radiators
Authors: Tetik Tugba , Karagoz Yasin
Published: September 2024

With advances in technology and the increasing use of nanomaterials, ongoing research is focused on improving the performance of thermal systems. This study investigates the thermal conductance (UA) of a radiator using aqueous suspensions of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are among the nanomaterials with the highest heat transfer coefficient. For this purpose, three different nanofluids were prepared, each with varying concentrations of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The heat transfer performance of three hybrid nanocoolant fluids (NF), namely, NF1 (0.8 wt% MWCNT + 0.4 wt% SWCNT), NF2 (0.4 wt% MWCNT + 0.4 wt% SWCNT), and NF3 (0.4 wt% MWCNT + 0.8 wt% SWCNT), was experimentally examined and compared with water. The results show that CNT suspensions can enhance heat transfer by up to 16.9% compared with the base fluid, and SWCNTs were observed to have better thermophysical qualities than MWCNTs.
Machine learning solutions for mobile internet of things security: A literature review and research agenda
Authors: Messabih Hadjer , Kerrache Chaker Abdelaziz , Cheriguene Youssra , Amadeo Marica , Ahmad Farhan
Published: September 2024

In recent years, the advancements in wireless technologies and sensor networks have promoted the Mobile Internet of Things (MIoT) paradigm. However, the unique characteristics of MIoT networks expose them to significant security vulnerabilities and threats, necessitating robust cybersecurity measures, including effective attack detection and mitigation techniques. Among these strategies, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and particularly Machine Learning‐ (ML) based approaches, emerge as a pivotal method for bolstering MIoT security. In this paper, we present a comprehensive literature survey regarding the utilization of ML for enhancing security in MIoT. Through an exhaustive review of existing research articles, we analyze the diverse array of ML‐based approaches employed to safeguard MIoT ecosystems and provide a holistic understanding of the current landscape, elucidating the strengths and limitations of prevailing methodologies. We propose a structured taxonomy to categorize recent works in this domain, by distinguishing approaches based on Shallow Supervised Learning (SSL), Shallow Unsupervised Learning (SUL), Deep Learning (DL), and Reinforcement Learning (RL). By delineating existing challenges and potential future directions for cybersecurity in MIoT, we aim to stimulate discourse and inspire novel approaches towards more resilient and secure MIoT ecosystems.
Cardioprotective action of apocynin in isoproterenol‐induced cardiac damage is mediated through Nrf‐2/HO‐1 signaling pathway
Authors: Rahman Md. Mizanur , Alimullah Mirza , Yasmin Tahmina , Akhter Nasrin , Ahmed Iqbal , Khan Ferdous , Saha Mousumi , Halim Mohammad A. , Subhan Nusrat , Haque Md. Areeful , Alam Md. Ashraful
Published: September 2024

This investigation evaluated the therapeutic benefit of apocynin in isoproterenol (ISO)‐induced cardiac damage in rats. ISO‐administered male Wistar rats were treated with apocynin for 2 weeks. Blood plasma and left ventricle of heart tissues were collected and analyzed for oxidative stress‐related parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP), and nitric oxide (NO). The activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were also measured. The gene expressions of oxidative stress‐related proteins such as Nrf‐2, HO‐1, and HO‐2 in cardiac tissues were also measured. In silico studies like molecular docking and molecular dynamics were also performed to detect how apocynin interacts with NADPH and nitric oxide synthase at the molecular level. This investigation revealed significant elevation of serum transferase enzymes and creatinine kinase‐Muscle Brain (CK‐MB) activities in ISO‐administered rats compared to the control. Apocynin effectively normalized the serum transferases and CK‐MB activities in the blood of ISO‐stressed rats. Moreover, ISO‐induced elevations of MDA, NO, and AOPP levels were also suppressed by apocynin treatment. Consistently, apocynin restored the reduced SOD and catalase activities in ISO‐administered rats. This restoration of enzyme activity might be due to the increased expression of Nrf‐2 and HO‐1 and reduced expression of iNOS and TNF‐α in ISO‐administered rats. Histological analysis revealed that apocynin treatment ameliorated the mononuclear cell adherence and fibrosis in the cardiac tissue of ISO‐administered rats. Computational studies also support the experimental findings. This study demonstrates that apocynin prevents ISO‐induced cardiac injury not only by preventing inflammation but also by empowering the antioxidant defense system.
Street vendors as actors of a sustainable food system—The case of Mexico City
Authors: Guibrunet Louise , Ortega‐Avila Ana G. , Valerino‐Perea Selene , Correa Campos José Manuel , Pozos Espinosa Valeria Itzel
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we explore the role of street vendors in enhancing access to sustainable food, using Mexico City as a case study. Through observational fieldwork, we quantify and spatialize the street food offer of two municipalities, which we compare to food offer in outlets (shops and restaurants). We use Mexican traditional food as a proxy for a sustainable diet. Street vendors represent 55% of the food retailers present in the study area. Over half of street vendors only sell traditional food (against 45% of food outlets), but most sell food to be consumed in moderation (e.g. tacos). A weak statistical correlation suggests that street vendors and food outlets tend to cluster in mixed‐use areas; as such, street vendors' role in the urban food system is mainly to provide an alternative food offer in well‐served areas, rather than providing a food offer in neighbourhoods where the formal offer is scarce. We conclude that street vending is a significant element of Mexico City's urban food environment and increases the availability of traditional food, thus enhancing food sovereignty and contributing to a sustainable food system. Street vending, as an unplanned, traditional daily practice that inadvertently contributes to a sustainable food system, is an example of ‘already existing sustainabilities’, which exploration can provide crucial insights to achieve sustainability transitions.