bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of PTSD symptoms in brazilian police officers: the synergy of negative affect and peritraumatic dissociation
Authors: Maia Deborah B , Marmar Charles R , Henn-Haase Clare , Nóbrega Augusta , Fiszman Adriana , Marques-Portella Carla , Mendlowicz Mauro V , Coutinho Evandro S.F , Figueira Ivan
Published: December 2011

BACKGROUND: Exposure to traumatic events is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Pretrauma, peritrauma and posttrauma factors interact to impact on symptom severity. The aim of the present study is to determine risk factors for PTSD symptoms in Brazilian police officers. METHOD: In a cross-sectional sample of active duty officers (n = 212), participants were asked to complete a socio-demographic questionnaire and self-report scales on affective traits, cumulative critical incident exposure, peritraumatic distress and dissociation, PTSD symptoms, and social support. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to examine predictors of PTSD symptoms. RESULTS: Variables related to negative affect, job duration, frequency of critical incident exposure, peritraumatic dissociation, and lack of social support remained significant in the final model and explained 55% of the variance in PTSD symptoms. When interaction terms were evaluated, a synergistic effect between negative affect and peritraumatic dissociation was found. CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors found in this study provide clues on how to elaborate primary prevention strategies regarding PTSD symptoms in police officers. Such initiatives may lessen the impact of repeated exposure to traumatic events on police officers over the course of their careers.
Therapeutic interventions for vascular depression: a systematic review
Authors: Brunoni Andre Russowsky , Benseñor Isabela Martins , Alves Tania Correa de Toledo Ferraz
Published: December 2011

OBJECTIVE: Vascular depression (VaD) hypothesis supports a bidirectional relationship between cerebrovascular risk factors (CRFs) and depression. We examined whether such concept is appropriate for clinical interventions; i.e., whether treating depressive symptoms has an impact on cerebrovascular risk and vice-versa. METHOD: Systematic review on interventional studies published from October-1997 to April-2010 on MEDLINE and other databases. Search terms were "depressive disorder" (MeSH), "cerebrovascular disorders" (MeSH), and a batch of highly accurate terms to search for experimental and quasi-experimental trials. We used a structured questionnaire to assess the adequacy of the VaD criteria used for vascular, depression, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological features, as well as the main results of each study. RESULTS: Of the 357 retrieved studies, 12 met our eligibility criteria. These studies adequately reported depression criterion, moderately reported neuroimaging and neuropsychological criteria, and showed severe flaws in vascular assessment. Efficacy trials suggested that nimodipine, transcranial magnetic stimulation, carotid stent placement, and citalopram were effective for VaD. Exploratory studies suggested that white-matter hyperintensities and global vascular risk are predictors of poor response. Although the low quality of the studies hinders the findings' generalization, studies of higher validity support the VaD concept for interventions. CONCLUSION: VaD seems to be a useful concept for clinical interventions; however, further trials should refine CRFs criteria to assess its impact on antidepressant efficacy.
Periodontal Disease is Not Associated With Preeclampsia in Canadian Pregnant Women
Authors: Taghzouti Nawel , Xiong Xu , Gornitsky Mervyn , Chandad Fatiha , Voyer René , Gagnon Guy , Leduc Line , Xu Hairong , Tulandi Togas , Wei Bin , Sénécal Julie , Velly Ana M. , Salah Mohammad H. , Fraser William D.
Published: December 2011

Background: The findings from the studies on the relationship between periodontal disease and preeclampsia are inconsistent. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between periodontal disease and preeclampsia.

Methods: A multicenter case‐control study was conducted in Quebec, Canada. Preeclampsia was defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg and ≥1+ proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Periodontitis was defined as the presence of ≥4 sites with a probing depth ≥5 mm and a clinical attachment loss ≥3 mm at the same sites.

Results: A total of 92 preeclamptic women and 245 controls were analyzed. The percentage of periodontal disease was 18.5% in preeclamptic women and 19.2% in normotensive women (crude odds ratio [OR] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.52 to 1.77). After adjusting for confounding variables, periodontitis remained not associated with preeclampsia (adjusted OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.59 to 2.17).

Conclusion: This study does not support the hypothesis of an association between periodontal disease and preeclampsia.
Study of the optimization factors for preparation of heterogeneous reverse osmosis membranes
Authors: Gashi S. T. , Selimi T. , Thaçi B. S. , Dylhasi A.
Published: December 2011

The influence of the preparation factors such as casting solution composition, different methods of coal modification, evaporation time of solvent and their optimization on performance of cellulose acetate heterogeneous reverse osmosis membranes have been studied. Three types of membranes were made from a blend of cellulose acetate (CA) and coal by weight ratios 1:1.5, 1:1.75 and 1:2. The powdered coal was modified with nitric acid and aryl diazonium salts in acetonitrile medium at constant modification time. The membranes were prepared by phase inversion process from a casting solution of cellulose acetate-coal and magnesium perchlorate in acetone water mixture at varying evaporation time of solvent at constant temperature using the same gelation medium. The composition of raw and modified coals was examined by IR spectroscopy. Membranes obtained with a casting solution composition of cellulose acetate-coal in weight ratios of 1:1.5 and 1:1.75, modified coals and longer evaporation time of solvent showed the best performance.
A novel approach to determine a resin's sorption characteristics for the removal of natural organic matter and arsenic from groundwater
Authors: Kukučka Miroslav , Kukučka Nikoleta , Vojinović Miloradov Mirjana , Tomić Željko , Šiljeg Mario
Published: December 2011

The objective of this work was to study the sorption behavior of the strongly basic and macroporous commercial resin IRA 958-Cl for the removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from groundwater in the Melenci settlement located near Zrenjanin (Northern Serbia). The investigation was performed in a pilot plant using native groundwater and the same water after chlorination with sodium hypochlorite. More efficient removal of NOM and arsenic was achieved without the addition of an oxidant under a wide range of working conditions. NOM removal was more efficient with the addition of the oxidizing agent compared with the overall efficiency for 2,900 bed volumes (BV) of treated water only during the initial phase of operation. Arsenic removal from chlorinated water was more efficient up to approximately 700 BV. At higher BV values, arsenic removal was up to two times more efficient with non-chlorinated water. The results obtained for the NOM sorption affinity to the resin indicated that it is possible to achieve a sorption capacity that exceeds the performance quoted by the resin manufacturer on several occasions.
Adsorption of EDCs/PPCPs from drinking water by submicron-sized powdered activated carbon
Authors: Wang Y. , Rao G. Y. , Hu J. Y.
Published: December 2011

For the purpose of enhancing the adsorption of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs) and Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) from drinking water, commercially available powdered activated carbon (PAC, 40 μm) was further ground to produce submicron-sized powdered activated carbon (SPAC, 0.72 μm). Compared with PAC, the surface area and total pore volume of SPAC were improved. Kinetics data showed that the adsorption of EDCs/PPCPs by SPAC was faster than that by PAC. The adsorption processes of two target EDCs/PPCPs on both SPAC and PAC could be fitted by the pseudo-second order kinetics model. The Langmuir equation described the adsorption isotherm well and the maximum adsorption capacity of SPAC for bisphenol A and carbamazepine could be calculated as 320.54 and 133.33 μg/mg respectively.
National monitoring of water utility performance in France
Authors: Canneva G. , Guérin-Schneider L.
Published: December 2011

Performance assessment has recently been applied to water utilities in France. Performance indicators (PIs) were initially developed as an aid to the control of public service delegation by local authorities. After a long process, a group of PIs was integrated into mandatory annual reports on service quality and price, in order to better inform utility users and reinforce the regulation of the sector by local public authorities. As water utilities in France are highly fragmented, this development in isolation may have only limited effects. The additional comparison of performance is likely to improve service quality and efficiency and keep prices affordable. The French national agency for water (ONEMA) – created in 2006 – is in charge of building the monitoring system of water utility performance. This paper presents the objectives of this monitoring system, the methodology used to create it and its shortcomings. Due to the large number of utilities, the data collection process faces difficulties. Some conclusions are drawn on how to obtain stronger involvement of local authorities.
Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Foreigners Detected by Stool Examination in Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Meng-Hsuan , Lin Ya-Yun , Hsu Yu-Kuei , Yang Jeng-Fu , Hsu Yu-Chun , Chen Wu-Cheng , Dai Chia-Yen , Yu Ming-Lung , Ho Chi-Kung
Published: December 2011

Many foreigners enter Taiwan for the purpose of marriage or study, or as dependants or relatives of Taiwanese
citizens. The aim of this study was to investigate the proportions of these immigrants infected with intestinal parasites. A
total of 2875 foreigners from 39 countries or regions underwent stool examination in our hospital within the study period,
and the merthiolate iodine formaldehyde method was used to diagnose intestinal parasite infections. In total, 214
foreigners (7.4%) were found to be infected, and hookworm was identified as the most prevalent intestinal parasite
(2.92%). Infection was most prevalent in the Vietnamese foreigners (46.3%), followed by the Chinese (38.8%), and was
more prevalent in females (92.3%) than in males. Among the intestinal parasites identified, hookworm (2.92%), Trichuris
trichiura (1.18%), and Blastocystis hominis (1.14%) were the three most prevalent. Infection was most prevalent in the
foreign brides group (11.9 %), hookworm and Trichuris trichiura being the two most common species of intestinal
parasite in the foreign brides and foreign dependants/relatives of Taiwanese citizens, while the proportion of foreign
students infected was lower. Most foreigners enter Taiwan for the purpose of marriage or study, or as dependants/relatives
of Taiwanese citizens, and originate from countries or regions in which public health is poorer than in Taiwan. Therefore,
close monitoring and examination of these foreigners continue to be indicated.
Who Needs What? A Case Study of Post‐disaster Damage and Needs Assessment (DANA) in Vietnam
Authors: Hughey Erin , Bell Heather , Chatman Michael
Published: December 2011

Disaster damages and losses cannot be wholly eliminated, and it is essential that communities develop strategies to effectively respond when disaster strikes. Accurate accounting of damage and needs following a disaster can help responders to match existing needs with available resources and assets. The goal of this study was to determine the accuracy and completeness of existing damage and needs assessment (DANA) procedures in Vietnam. Evaluations were made based on a review of available DANA records at the central and provincial government levels, as well as on information collected through semi‐structured interviews with provincial representatives. Provincial level data were collected in five study provinces: Danang, Quang Binh, Quang Nam, Quang Tri, and Thua Thien‐Hue. Results indicate inconsistent DANA templates, procedures, and application. Recommendations include 1) development of a consistent DANA policy; 2) adoption of a standardized methodology for DANA data collection and reporting; and 3) development and implementation of standardized DANA training.
Retraction notice to: Artificial intelligence in pharmaceutical product formulation: Neural computing [Chem. Ind. Chem. Eng. Q. 15(4) (2009) 227-236]
Authors: Ibric Svetlana , Djuric Zorica , Parojcic Jelena , Petrovic Jelena
Published: December 2011

This article has been retracted at the request of the authors. The retraction has been made because the authors admitted that they took the text and rawings from the review article written by R. Rowe and E. Colbourn, Future Medicinal Chemistry 1(4) (2009) 713-726, without their permission and even did not include this article in the list of references. One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication are that authors confirm that their work is entirely originally written, someone else?s data and/or text are appropriately cited or quoted and permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources. Therefore, the retracted article represents a severe improperly usage of the scientific publishing system. Apologies are offered to readers of the Chem. Ind. Chem. Eng. Q. that this abuse was not detected during the submission process.

 Link to the retracted article 10.2298/CICEQ0904227I
Synthesis and spectral properties of novel thiadiazolotriazinone derivatives
Authors: Gürbüz Demet , Tanyolaç Süleyman
Published: December 2011

A series of new 7-substitued-4H-1,3,4-thiadiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]-
triazin-4-oneswere synthesized in good yields by the reaction of 4-amino-3-
mercapto-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one with various aromatic carboxylic acids in
the presence of phosphorus oxychloride. All the synthesized compounds were
confirmed by FT-IR, NMR (1H and 13C), ESI-MS spectroscopic techniques and
analytical methods.
Improvement of thermal homogenization using multiple swirling jets
Authors: Braikia Mohamed , Loukarfi Larbi , Khelil Ali , Naji Hassan
Published: December 2011

The aim of this study is to examine different blowing configurations of
multiple swirling jets for use it in terminal units of ventilation
applications. The influence of several parameters such as the inclined vanes
of diffuser and the sense of rotation of the single or multiple swirling
jets, their number and their arrangement on the flow resulting dynamically
and thermally is experimentally investigated. Flow rate was adjusted at
Reynolds numbers, Re0, ranging from 104 to 30.103. The current study is
carried out under uniform heat flux condition for each diffuser at Reynolds
number of 30.103, the air being the working fluid. Experiences concerning the
fusion of several jets show that the resulting jet is clearly more
homogenized under swirling influence. The findings of this study show that
the gap between the jets and their sense of rotation relative to the central
jet, affects the quality of the homogenization of ambiance. Among the studied
different configuration, the one which consists of a swirling central jet
controlling the behavior of six swirling jets in counter-rotation is shown to
be the most effective in terms of thermal destratification.
Simultaneous effects of water spray and crosswind on performance of natural draft dry cooling tower
Authors: Ahmadikia Hossein , Soleimani Mohsen , Gholami Ehsan
Published: December 2011

To investigate the effect of water spray and crosswind on the effectiveness
of the natural draft dry cooling tower (NDDCT), a three-dimensional model has
been developed. Efficiency of NDDCT is improved by water spray system at the
cooling tower entrance for high ambient temperature condition with and
without crosswind. The natural and forced heat convection flow inside and
around the NDDCT is simulated numerically by solving the full Navier-Stokes
equations in both air and water droplet phases. Comparison of the numerical
results with one-dimensional analytical model and the experimental data
illustrates a well-predicted heat transfer rate in the cooling tower.
Applying water spray system on the cooling tower radiators enhances the
cooling tower efficiency at both no wind and windy conditions. For all values
of water spraying rate, NDDCTs operate most effectively at the crosswind
velocity of 3m/s and as the wind speed continues to rise to more than 3 m/s
up to 12 m/s, the tower efficiency will decrease by approximately 18%, based
on no-wind condition. The heat transfer rate of radiator at wind velocity 10
m/s is 11.5% lower than that of the no wind condition. This value is 7.5% for
water spray rate of 50kg/s.
Analytical treatment of transient temperature and thermal stress distribution in CW end pumped laser rod: Thermal response optimization study
Authors: Shibib Khalid , Tahir Mayada , Mahdi Mohammad
Published: December 2011

The analytical solution of transient temperature distribution and Tresca
failure stress in CW end- pumped laser rod has been derived using integral
transform method. The analytical result is compared with numerical solutions
presented by other works and good agreement has been found. Analytical
solution with its clear physical meaning and its explicit form permits to
predict the influence of various factors on the solution. The optical path
difference which gives a valuable means to quantify the optical properties of
laser material such as designed beam quality, will converge to a constant
value as steady state temperature distribution is reached. One can obtain the
dominate factors which affect the laser response to bring the laser rod to
the thermal equilibrium; it has been found that fast response can be achieved
by reducing pumping power, increasing extracted heat from the rod , choosing
a crystal having high thermal diffusivity and decreasing laser rod radius
while its volume remains constant. One final advantage of the analytical
solution is that a fast result can be obtained where the numerical solution
usually is a time consuming technique.
Heat transfer and flow region characteristics study in a non-annular channel between rotor and stator
Authors: Nili-Ahmadabadi M. , Karrabi H.
Published: December 2011

This paper will present the results of the experimental investigation of heat
transfer in a non-annular channel between rotor and stator similar to a real
generator. Numerous experiments and numerical studies have examined flow and
heat transfer characteristics of a fluid in an annulus with a rotating inner
cylinder. In the current study, turbulent flow region and heat transfer
characteristics have been studied in the air gap between the rotor and
stator of a generator. The test rig has been built in a way which shows a
very good agreement with the geometry of a real generator. The boundary
condition supplies a non-homogenous heat flux through the passing air
channel. The experimental devices and data acquisition method are carefully
described in the paper. Surface-mounted thermocouples are located on the
both stator and rotor surfaces and one slip ring transfers the collected
temperature from rotor to the instrument display. The rotational speed of
rotor is fixed at three under: 300rpm, 900 rpm and 1500 rpm. Based on these
speeds and hydraulic diameter of the air gap, the Reynolds number has been
considered in the range: 4000<Rez<30000. Heat transfer and pressure drop
coefficients are deduced from the obtained data based on a theoretical
investigation and are expressed as a formula containing effective Reynolds
number. To confirm the results, a comparison is presented with Gazley?s
(1985) data report. The presented method and established correlations can be
applied to other electric machines having similar heat flow characteristics.
Squeezed flow and heat transfer in a second grade fluid over a sensor surface
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Hussain Majid , Nadeem Sohail , Obaidat Saleem
Published: December 2011

An analysis has been carried out for the hydromagnetic flow and heat transfer
over a horizontal surface located in an externally squeezed free stream.
Mathematical formulation is developed by using constitutive equations of a
second grade fluid. The resulting problems have been solved by a homotopy
analysis method (HAM). In addition the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt
number are tabulated. The physical quantities of interest are analyzed for
various emerging parameters.
Influence of mixed convection on blood flow of Jeffrey fluid through a tapered stenosed artery
Authors: Akbar Noreen , Hayat T. , Nadeem S. , Hendi Awatif
Published: December 2011

Effect of heat and mass transfer on the blood flow through a tapered artery
with stenosis is examined assuming blood as Jeffrey fluid. The governing
equations have been modelled in cylindrical coordinates. Series solutions are
constructed for the velocity, temperature, concentration, resistance
impedance, wall shear stress and shearing stress at the stenosis throat.
Attention has been mainly focused to the analysis of embedded parameters in
converging, diverging and non-tapered situations.
The Social Construction of Research Advice: The American Accounting Association Plays Miss Lonelyhearts
Authors: Fogarty Timothy J.
Published: December 2011

The control of important outcomes in academic accounting by the faculties of a small set of elite institutions has been well documented through a series of outcomes. Less is known about the processes by which this is sustained over time. This paper considers the advice provided to young scholars as one means whereby the social hierarchy is reproduced. Eight specific mechanisms are analyzed and found to bolster belief in the objective meritocracy of ideas in the discipline. Building upon the faux advice provided by Nathanael West's fictional Miss Lonelyhearts, the paper concludes that the stabilizing point embedded in the system is the necessity of people's acceptance of their own inadequacy.
Leadership in Accounting: The New Face of an Old Profession
Authors: Fogarty Timothy J. , Al-Kazemi Saad A.
Published: December 2011

Recent interest in the accounting profession should translate into an inspection of its leadership. Why certain people are leaders and other people are not is a question that bears upon the chances that the profession can regain its stature in the eyes of the public. Even without crisis, an examination of the portals of power adds to our appreciation for the social organization of the accounting profession. Using Accounting Today's list of the 100 most influential people in the field over the first decade of the 21st century, this paper describes these individuals. In many ways, this array reveals the existence of a profession much different than that broadly appreciated in academic circles.
Eco-Effective Management: An Empirical Link between Firm Value and Corporate Sustainability
Authors: Burnett Royce D. , Skousen Christopher J. , Wright Charlotte J.
Published: December 2011

Achieving corporate sustainability requires the implementation of management practices that create long-term shareholder value by embracing opportunities and managing risks deriving from economic, environmental, and social developments. Corporations that are sustainable create value that, in the long run, exceeds their environmental impact (Figge and Hahn 2004). We examine the extent to which investors incrementally value the long-run benefits accruing from adoption of eco-effective management. We posit that adoption of eco-effective management results in increases in firms' market valuation, and that those increases persist beyond the current accounting period. Our results support this hypothesis. This study has broad public policy implications as accountants, managers, and government policymakers shift their focus toward sustainability and rely on market-based mechanisms to further environmental goals.

Data Availability: All data are available from public sources.
Developing Collective Intentionality and Writing the Rules of the Game for Environmental Reporting: A Content Analysis of SOP 96-1 Comment Letters
Authors: Mobus Janet Luft
Published: December 2011

Financial reporting operates in a changing social landscape. One focus of change in the contemporary social landscape is growing recognition of the impact of human activity on the natural environment, a significant part of which derives from economic activity. Evidence exists that financial statement users want environmental accounting information, yet it remains underdeveloped. This underdevelopment becomes notable because it is increasingly clear that long-term economic viability is wholly dependent on ecological sustainability. This study furthers our understanding of financial reporting, accounting standards, and the standard-setting process as institutional practices in the U.S. by exploring whether voices raising these emerging concerns find receptivity in accounting standards setting. Searle's (1995, 1998) work on constructing institutional reality provides the theoretical frame. Results add a layer of empirical analysis to prior accounting research using this frame to critique the openness of discourse in developing financial reporting.

The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) received 77 comment letters in consideration of SOP 96-1, “Environmental Remediation Liabilities.” These letters are evaluated for rhetorical tone using quantitative content analysis. Sixteen letters take issue with the narrow scope of the proposed treatment of environmental reporting. These 16 are further analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Comparing rhetorical tone and meaning content of the comment letters reveals active discussion of important environmental reporting issues that go beyond the narrow technical standard adopted.

Data Availability: Data used in this study are available by contacting the author.
Near Normalization of Metabolic and Functional Features of the Central Nervous System in Type 1 Diabetic Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease After Kidney-Pancreas Transplantation
Authors: Fiorina Paolo , Vezzulli Paolo , Bassi Roberto , Gremizzi Chiara , Falautano Monica , D’Addio Francesca , Vergani Andrea , Chabtini Lola , Altamura Erica , Mello Alessandra , Caldara Rossana , Scavini Marina , Magnani Giuseppe , Falini Andrea , Secchi Antonio
Published: December 2011

OBJECTIVE

The pathogenesis of brain disorders in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is multifactorial and involves the adverse effects of chronic hyperglycemia and of recurrent hypoglycemia. Kidney-pancreas (KP), but not kidney alone (KD), transplantation is associated with sustained normoglycemia, improvement in quality of life, and reduction of morbidity/mortality in diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The aim of our study was to evaluate with magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) the cerebral morphology and metabolism of 15 ESRD plus T1D patients, 23 patients with ESRD plus T1D after KD (n = 9) and KP (n = 14) transplantation, and 8 age-matched control subjects.

RESULTS

Magnetic resonance imaging showed a higher prevalence of cerebrovascular disease in ESRD plus T1D patients (53% [95% CI 36–69]) compared with healthy subjects (25% [3–6], P = 0.04). Brain 1H MRS showed lower levels of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)-to-choline ratio in ESRD plus T1D, KD, and KP patients compared with control subjects (control subjects vs. all, P < 0.05) and of NAA-to-creatine ratio in ESRD plus T1D compared with KP and control subjects (ESRD plus T1D vs. control and KP subjects, P ≤ 0.01). The evaluation of the most common scores of psychological and neuropsychological function showed a generally better intellectual profile in control and KP subjects compared with ESRD plus T1D and KD patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Diabetes and ESRD are associated with a precocious form of brain impairment, chronic cerebrovascular disease, and cognitive decline. In KP-transplanted patients, most of these features appeared to be near normalized after a 5-year follow-up period of sustained normoglycemia.
A new scapigerous species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) from India
Authors: Narayanan M.K. Ratheesh , Anilkumar N. , Raj R. Meera , Sivadasan M. , Alfarhan A. H.
Published: December 2011

Impatiens minae Ratheesh, Anil Kumar & Sivad. a new scapigerous species of Impatiens from Wayanad district in Kerala, India is described and illustrated. The new species resembles Impatiens denisonii and I. scapiflora by its 3-lobed lateral united petals and lower sepal with a long spur; but differs from the latter in having a curved band of dense fleshy clavate papillae at the base of lateral united petals, and from the former in the absence of a dorsal filiform appendage or auricle at the base of the lateral united petals.Keywords: Balsaminaceae; Impatiens minae; Western Ghats; India; Scapigerous species.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v18i2.9299Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon.18(2): 141-148, 2011 (December)
The Influence of Base Metal (M) Oxidation State in Au-M-O/TiO2 Systems on Their Catalytic Activity in Carbon Monoxide Oxidation
Authors: Mizera Jan , Spiridis Nika , Socha Robert P. , Zimowska Małgorzata , Grabowski Ryszard , Samson Katarzyna , Korecki Józef
Published: December 2011

Base metal promoted gold/titania catalysts were synthesized, characterized and tested in CO oxidation reaction. Catalysts containing dopant metals in higher oxidation states exhibited higher activity than catalysts containing dopants in reduced states. The activity of fresh catalysts promoted by Cu, Fe and Ni was similar to the unpromoted one, but treatment in reducing and oxidizing atmospheres revealed the supremacy of the copper promoted catalyst. The sequential deposition method proved to be better than the co-deposition—precipitation method. An attempt to explain these differences using XPS, FTIR and H2 TPR was performed.
Oral Drug Delivery Systems Comprising Altered Geometric Configurations for Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Moodley Kovanya , Pillay Viness , Choonara Yahya E. , Du Toit Lisa C. , Ndesendo Valence M. K. , Kumar Pradeep , Cooppan Shivaan , Bawa Priya
Published: December 2011

Recent pharmaceutical research has focused on controlled drug delivery having an advantage over conventional methods. Adequate controlled plasma drug levels, reduced side effects as well as improved patient compliance are some of the benefits that these systems may offer. Controlled delivery systems that can provide zero-order drug delivery have the potential for maximizing efficacy while minimizing dose frequency and toxicity. Thus, zero-order drug release is ideal in a large area of drug delivery which has therefore led to the development of various technologies with such drug release patterns. Systems such as multilayered tablets and other geometrically altered devices have been created to perform this function. One of the principles of multilayered tablets involves creating a constant surface area for release. Polymeric materials play an important role in the functioning of these systems. Technologies developed to date include among others: Geomatrix® multilayered tablets, which utilizes specific polymers that may act as barriers to control drug release; Procise®, which has a core with an aperture that can be modified to achieve various types of drug release; core-in-cup tablets, where the core matrix is coated on one surface while the circumference forms a cup around it; donut-shaped devices, which possess a centrally-placed aperture hole and Dome Matrix® as well as “release modules assemblage”, which can offer alternating drug release patterns. This review discusses the novel altered geometric system technologies that have been developed to provide controlled drug release, also focusing on polymers that have been employed in such developments.
Relation Between the Adsorbed Quantity and the Immersion Enthalpy in Catechol Aqueous Solutions on Activated Carbons
Authors: Moreno-Piraján Juan Carlos , Blanco Diego , Giraldo Liliana
Published: December 2011

An activated carbon, CarbochemTM—PS230, was modified by chemical and thermal treatment in flow of H2, in order to evaluate the influence of the activated carbon chemical characteristics in the adsorption of the catechol. The catechol adsorption in aqueous solution was studied along with the effect of the pH solution in the adsorption process of modified activated carbons and the variation of immersion enthalpy of activated carbons in the aqueous solutions of catechol. The interaction solid-solution is characterized by adsorption isotherms analysis, at 298 K and pH 7, 9 and 11 in order to evaluate the adsorption value above and below that of the catechol pKa. The adsorption capacity of carbons increases when the solution pH decreases. The retained amount increases slightly in the reduced carbon to maximum adsorption pH and diminishes in the oxidized carbon. Similar conclusions are obtained from the immersion enthalpies, whose values increase with the solute quantity retained. In granular activated carbon (CAG), the immersion enthalpies obtained are between 21.5 and 45.7 J·g−1 for catechol aqueous solutions in a range of 20 at 1500 mg·L−1.
Sarcophine-Diol, a Skin Cancer Chemopreventive Agent, Inhibits Proliferation and Stimulates Apoptosis in Mouse Melanoma B16F10 Cell Line
Authors: Szymanski Pawel T. , Kuppast Bhimanna , Ahmed Safwat A. , Khalifa Sherief , Fahmy Hesham
Published: December 2011

Sarcodiol (SD) is a semi-synthetic derivative of sarcophine, a marine natural product. In our previous work, we reported the significant chemopreventive effects of SD against non-melanoma skin cancer both in vitro and in vivo mouse models. In this investigation, we extended this work to study the effect of sarcodiol on melanoma development, the more deadly form of skin cancer, using the mouse melanoma B16F10 cell line. In this study we report that SD inhibits the de novo DNA synthesis and enhances fragmentation of DNA. We also evaluated the antitumor effect of SD on melanoma cell viability using several biomarkers for cell proliferation and apoptosis. SD inhibits the expression levels of signal transducers and activators of transcription protein (STAT-3) and cyclin D1, an activator of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4). SD treatment also enhances cellular level of tumor suppressor protein 53 (p53) and stimulates cleavage of the nuclear poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (cleaved-PARP). SD also enhances cellular levels of cleaved Caspase-3, -8, -9 and stimulates enzymatic activities of Caspase-3, -8 and -9. These results, in addition to inhibition of cell viability, suggest that SD inhibits melanoma cell proliferation by arresting the cell-division cycle in a Go quiescent phase and activates programmed cell death (apoptosis) via extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Finally, these studies demonstrate that SD shows a very promising chemopreventive effect in melanoma B16F10 tumor cells.
Displacement Pumping of Liquids Radially Inward on Centrifugal Microfluidic Platforms in Motion
Authors: Kong Matthew C. R. , Bouchard Adam P. , Salin Eric D.
Published: December 2011

We describe two novel centrifugal microfluidic platform designs that enable passive pumping of liquids radially inward while the platform is in motion. The first design uses an immiscible liquid to displace an aqueous solution back towards the center of the platform, while the second design uses an arbitrary pumping liquid with a volume of air between it and the solution being pumped. Both designs demonstrated the ability to effectively pump 55% to 60% of the solution radially inward at rotational frequencies as low as 400 rpm (6.7 Hz) to 700 rpm (11.7 Hz). The pumping operations reached completion within 120 s and 400 s respectively. These platform designs for passive pumping of liquids do not require moving parts or complex fabrication techniques. They offer great potential for increasing the number of sequential operations that can be performed on centrifugal microfluidic platforms, thereby reducing a fundamental limitation often associated with these platforms.
Hybridization vs. Bond Stretching Isomerism in Ru(II) Cyclometalated Complexes of 2-Phenylpyridine
Authors: Molina Bertha , Alexandrova Larissa , LeLagadec Ronan , Sansores Luis E. , Rios-Jara David , Espinosa-Magaña Francisco , Salcedo Roberto
Published: December 2011

The phenomenon of formation of two isomers, yellow and orange, of the cyclometalated Ru(II) complex, [Ru(o-C6H4-py)(MeCN)4]+, was investigated by EELS spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Both forms show very similar structures and spectroscopic properties, but slight differences in X-ray data and absorption between them were noted. No double minimum on the potential energy surface was found and thus these two forms cannot be considered as bond stretching isomers. However, the DFT study revealed the change in the hybridization of the carbon in trans-position of one of acetonitrile ligands. This effect can be responsible for the difference in colour. The results of the theoretical modelling coincide well with the experimental EELS data.
Extract of Lillium candidum L. Can Modulate the Genotoxicity of the Antibiotic Zeocin
Authors: Kopaskova Marcela , Hadjo Lina , Yankulova Bisera , Jovtchev Gabriele , Galova Eliska , Sevcovicova Andrea , Mucaji Pavel , Miadokova Eva , Bryant Peter , Chankova Stephka
Published: December 2011

Lilium candidum L. extract (LE) is well known in folk medicine for the treatment of burns, ulcers, inflammations and for healing wounds. This work aims to clarify whether the genotoxic potential of the radiomimetic antibiotic zeocin (Zeo) could be modulated by LE. Our results indicate that LE exerts no cytotoxic, DNA-damaging and clastogenic activity in in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Pisum sativum L. and Hordeum vulgare L. test systems over a broad concentration range. Weak but statistically significant clastogenic effects due to the induction of micronuclei and chromosome aberrations have been observed in H. vulgare L. after treatment with 200 and 300 μg/mL LE. To discriminate protective from adverse action of LE different experimental designs have been used. Our results demonstrate that the treatment with mixtures of LE and Zeo causes an increase in the level of DNA damage, micronuclei and “metaphases with chromatid aberrations” (MwA). Clear evidence has been also obtained indicating that pretreatment with LE given 4 h before the treatment with Zeo accelerates the rejoining kinetics of Zeo-induced DNA damage in P. sativum L. and C. reinhardtii, and can decrease clastogenic effect of Zeo measured as frequencies of micronuclei and MwA in H. vulgare L. Here, we show for the first time that LE can modulate the genotoxic effects of zeocin. The molecular mode of action strongly depends on the experimental design and varies from synergistic to protective effect (adaptive response–AR). Our results also revealed that LE-induced AR to zeocin involves up-regulation of DSB rejoining in C. reinhardtii and P. sativum L. cells.
An Energy Efficient Cooperative Hierarchical MIMO Clustering Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Nasim Mehwish , Qaisar Saad , Lee Sungyoung
Published: December 2011

In this work, we present an energy efficient hierarchical cooperative clustering scheme for wireless sensor networks. Communication cost is a crucial factor in depleting the energy of sensor nodes. In the proposed scheme, nodes cooperate to form clusters at each level of network hierarchy ensuring maximal coverage and minimal energy expenditure with relatively uniform distribution of load within the network. Performance is enhanced by cooperative multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication ensuring energy efficiency for WSN deployments over large geographical areas. We test our scheme using TOSSIM and compare the proposed scheme with cooperative multiple-input multiple-output (CMIMO) clustering scheme and traditional multihop Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO) routing approach. Performance is evaluated on the basis of number of clusters, number of hops, energy consumption and network lifetime. Experimental results show significant energy conservation and increase in network lifetime as compared to existing schemes.
Un autre ordre du temps. Pour une intensité variable du maintenant
Authors: Garcia Tristan
Published: December 2011

Résumé Ni le présentisme, ni l’éternalisme ne peuvent rendre compte de l’ensemble des modalités du temps. La théorie dite du «  Growing Block Universe  », qui nie la réalité du futur mais concède le même degré de réalité au passé qu’au présent, n’est pas non plus entièrement satisfaisante. Nous proposons donc de distinguer des intensités de présence : l’avenir a une absence maximale et le présent une présence maximale. Il en résulte que, à mesure que le temps passe, nous nous éloignons de l’avenir.
Multi-Access Environments in Next Generation Networks
Authors: Ramraj Rajeshkumar , Ahmad Iftekhar , Habibi Daryoush
Published: December 2011

Wireless heterogeneous environment is becoming increasingly popular because of its ability to support multi access technologies, which keeps the mobile users always connected. The fourth generation (4G) of wireless environment consists of dissimilar technologies like Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A). Coexistence of these standards presents technological challenges. Other challenges towards heterogenous 4G environment include coexistence of third generation (3G) and 4G and coexistence of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and 3G/4G technologies. This chapter presents the technical overview of the 4G (WiMAX and LTE-A) standards and identifies the challenges and research issues (i.e., mobility management, network selection, handover, and Quality of Service [QoS]) toward a multi-access environment that consists of 3G, 4G, and WLAN technologies. The chapter also discusses future directions and some research solutions.
Multiple Attributes Decision Making Algorithms for Vertical Handover in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks
Authors: Stevens-Navarro Enrique , Martínez-Morales José D. , Pineda-Rico Ulises
Published: December 2011

The envisioned heterogeneous wireless systems are expected to integrate multiple access networks over a common IP platform. In such systems, since mobile users expect to achieve the Always Best Connected (ABC) experience, heterogeneous systems have to support the vertical handover of users among different access networks. On the other hand, the field of Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) has proved to be a suitable tool to study the vertical handover process. This chapter presents a survey of MADM algorithms that have been proposed for vertical handover. First, the authors describe the procedures of methods such as SAW, MEW, TOPSIS, ELECTRE, and VIKOR. Then, the chapter compares them by mean of simulations and performance analysis for an heterogeneous system integrated by WLAN, UMTS, and WiMAX networks, when users conduct different applications. The chapter concludes with a summary of open issues and future research directions in the area of vertical handover.
Applying Ontology Similarity Functions to Improve Software Agent Communication
Authors: Francisco de Souza Jairo , Siqueira Sean W.M. , Melo Rubens N.
Published: December 2011

In order to perform its tasks on the Semantic Web, software agents must be able to communicate with other agents using domain ontologies, even when considering different ontologies. Thus, it’s necessary to address the semantic interoperability issue to enable agents to recognize common concepts and misunderstandings. This work proposes the use of GNoSIS, a tool for composing ontology similarity functions, and specific modules in Goddard agent architecture in order for software agents to negotiate meanings of terms not defined in its ontology.
Appropriation of Mobile Cultural Resources for Learning
Authors: Pachler Norbert , Cook John , Bachmair Ben
Published: December 2011

This article proposes appropriation as the key for the recognition of mobile devices—as well as the artefacts accessed through, and produced with them—as cultural resources across different cultural practices of use, in everyday life and formal education. The article analyses the interrelationship of users of mobile devices with the structures, agency and practices of, and in relation to what the authors call the “mobile complex”. Two examples are presented and some curricular options for the assimilation of mobile devices into settings of formal learning are discussed. Also, a typology of appropriation is presented that serves as an explanatory, analytical frame and starting point for a discussion about attendant issues.
Mobile Media, Mobile Texts
Authors: Adami Elisabetta
Published: December 2011

By examining contemporary changes in the mechanisms and practices of representation and communication, this paper focuses on the copy-and-paste affordance fostered by mobile technologies and digital technologies at large. Its widespread use is affecting radically (1) the acceptability standards of (in)coherent patterns of text production, and (2) the criteria defining successful communication, which coherent cooperation to a mutual understanding is sometimes less relevant than the transformation and reinterpretation of texts according to the sign-maker’s interests in participating to multiple communicative networks. In this light, by pinpointing the abilities required and developed in the use of mobile technologies, the paper hypothesizes possible paths for teaching in such a changed semiotic landscape.
Mobile Learning as ’Microlearning’
Authors: Hug Theo
Published: December 2011

This paper presents microlearning as a relational cross-over concept in the context of technological, societal, and cultural transformation. It maps the changing but ultimately convergent meanings of the term ’microlearning’ as they have emerged and developed over the last few years. The author reveals microlearning to be not simply one approach among many, but instead as a perspective that applies to many aspects of education and learning including mobile learning. Furthermore, the question of a need for enhancement of didactic thinking is being presented. The answer is given in terms of four models such as the aggregation model, conglomerate model, emergence model, and the medium/form distinction, which are considered to be useful for the enhancement of didactic thinking.
Mathematics Learning Community Flourishes in the Cellular Phone Environment
Authors: Daher Wajeeh
Published: December 2011

Researchers point at the importance of nourishing learning communities, which do not merely represent congeniality but rather dig deeply into learning. These learning communities are needed in mobile learning environments. In this article, the author examines the building of a community of middle school students who learned mathematics outside the classroom by carrying out real life activities using their cellular phones. The building of the learning community was led by three 3rd year pre-service teachers majoring in mathematics and computers at Al-Qasemi Academic College of Education. The pre-service teachers worked for 12 weeks with 30 8th grade students who then learned mathematics with their cellular phones and were part of a learning community. The research shows that the use of the cellular phone for learning contributed to their learning, their identity, and their sense of community.