bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anterior diaphragmatic hernias in children: long-term surgical outcomes
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Morozov D.A. , Khaspekov D.V. ,   St. Vladimir Children's City Clinical Hospital Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation, Okulov E.A. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Masevkin V.G. ,   V.I.Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russian Federation, Morozov K.D. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2021

Anterior diaphragmatic hernia (ADH) is a rare congenital pathology that occurs in children with a frequency of 1:4800 (1–6% of all congenital diaphragmatic hernias). There are many controversial aspects in the surgical treatment of patients with ADH: the choice of surgical approach, the method of diaphragmatic repair and the feasibility of excision of the hernial sac. Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of the surgical treatment of patients with ADH in different clinics, assessing longterm outcomes. Patients and methods. The medical records of 7 children with ADH who underwent surgical repair in different clinics (in time period from 2009 to 2019) were retrospecively reviewed. Evaluating the long-term results of ADH repair was made by telephone and online surveys of the parents of patients and by outpatient examination of children (chest x-ray in two projections). Results. In a ten-year period, 7 patients (4 boys and 3 girls) were operated on with a diagnosis of “anterior diaphragmatic hernia” at the age of 3 months to 12 years. In most children, a hernia was discovered accidentally by chest x-ray. Laparoscopic correction was performed in 5 (71%) cases, thoracoscopic correction – in 2 cases (29%). The main difference in surgical tactics in ADH patients was the manipulation with the hernial sac – the hernial sac was excised in 4 (57%) patients, but it was left in three cases (43%). The defect closure was performed by “full-thickness” separated sutures that fix the diaphragm to the anterior abdominal wall during laparoscopy (5) and to the chest tissue during thoracoscopy (2); in some cases, additional fixation to the rib (4) was performed. Sutures were tied extracorporeally and buried in the subcutaneous layer in 6 (86%) patients. Average follow-up was 7 years. While evaluating long-term outcomes no ADH recurrence were found. Conclusions. There are still many controversial aspects in the surgical treatment of ADH patients. In our opinion, multicenter studies with complex analysis of long-term results are required to standardize the surgical treatment of such patients. Key words: anterior diaphragmatic hernia, Larrey hernia, long-term outcomes, Morgani hernia
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 11.09.2021 г. по 17.09.2021 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Сафронов Валентин , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: September 2021

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19, за неделю с 28.08.2021 г. по 03.09.2021 г.
Management of a Close-Range High-Velocity Gunshot Wound to the Pelvis with Posterior Pelvic Plating
Authors: Row Elliot , Rizkalla James , Holderread Brendan , Fritz Justin K. , Jones Alan
Published: September 2021

Case:

A 31-year-old woman suffered a close-range, high-energy .30-rifle gunshot wound to her right ilium and sacrum resulting in an unstable pelvic ring injury with significant internal soft-tissue damage and bone loss. Given the limited amount of literature for managing this rare clinical scenario in a civilian setting, we described our protocol used on this patient to achieve a safe and effective result.

Conclusions:

We present a civilian-inflicted high-velocity pelvic gunshot injury at close range. Although the patient had extensive pelvic bone loss and soft-tissue damage, she had excellent clinical results at 18-month follow-up after delayed posterior sacral bridge plating. Proper soft-tissue management and posterior sacral plating may yield good results for management of this type of injury.
Median Nerve Mononeuropathy and Meralgia Paresthetica After Prone Positioning in a Patient with COVID-19 ARDS
Authors: Ravella Krishna C. , Redondo Michael L. , Mejia Alfonso , Gonzalez Mark H.
Published: September 2021

Case:

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, prone positioning has decreased mortality in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. We present the unique case of a patient who developed left median nerve mononeuropathy and bilateral meralgia paresthetica after prone positioning while afflicted with COVID-19. These nerve injuries have been rarely reported in the literature and never before in the same patient.

Conclusion:

Our case highlights the importance of increased care when positioning patients prone by padding bony prominences, evenly distributing pressure across known sites of peripheral nerve entrapment, and giving consideration to prone-positioning time intervals when caring for intubated patients.
Surgical Management of Pectoralis Major Tears of the Sternal Origin Because of Seat Belt Trauma
Authors: Orvets Nathan D. , Bhale Rahul , Budge Matthew D.
Published: September 2021

Cases:

Two patients presented with medial chest pain and deformity after high-speed motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) in which they were restrained drivers. Physical examination revealed retraction of the pectoralis major from the sternum on resisted adduction and internal rotation of the arm. MRI confirmed tears of the pectoralis major from the sternal origin. Both patients underwent delayed surgical repair with excellent results.

Conclusion:

Tears of the pectoralis major at the sternal origin are rare injuries that can result in significant deformity and pain. Surgical repair, even in a delayed fashion, can result in excellent patient outcomes.
From Marginality to Possibility: Doing Transgender Studies in Japanese Studies
Authors:   National University of Singapore, Yuen Shu Min
Published: September 2021

Area studies has been described as having lost its significance and legitimacy in the 21st century globalised world. However, research has shown that the strengths of area studies—empirical research and context-sensitive knowledge—remain relevant not only in helping us to understand our contemporary world, but also in challenging the hegemony of theories and concepts developed in Euro-American contexts that have come to dominate both academic and general writing. In this paper, I draw on my research on the transgender community in Japan—an area of study that is relegated to the margins of both Japanese studies and trans studies—to show how the tools of area studies play an important role in expanding the conceptual boundaries of trans studies, and how the lens of transgender can expand or complicate existing knowledge on the culture and society of Japan. I highlight how Japanese transgender identities and cultures are shaped not only by global processes, but also legal, medical, cultural and social conditions specific to Japan. I argue against the assumed universal applicability of Eurocentric conceptualisations of gender/sexual non-conformity, and in doing so I call attention to the ways in which the fields of transgender studies and Japanese studies can enrich each other. More than ever in these precarious times, we need to emphasise the strengths and overcome the weaknesses of our field(s), so that we may be better equipped to turn marginality into possibility.
Reorienting Japanese Studies with Views from the Nan’yō
Authors:   Waseda University, Barriga Maria Cynthia B.
Published: September 2021

This paper describes how Japanese studies can expand its relevance, approached from my perspective as a Philippine postcolonial historian. In the course of my research on the Japanese locals of Davao and Guam, Japanese studies has been essential. Japanese imperial history has provided me with a regional perspective that transcends the limits of Philippine national historiography and has given me access to source materials about the localities under study. As I became invested in Japanese studies, I realised that Philippine historiography has much to contribute back. A Philippine perspective can question the limits of the concept of who is Japanese, particularly in the case of Filipino-Japanese and CHamoru-Japanese mestizos. Moreover, Japanese historiography, which is still in many cases limited to the archives, may source alternative approaches or methodologies from its Philippine postcolonial counterpart, which has for decades been experimenting with methods of writing more inclusive national histories. More broadly, by conversing with specialists of areas with which Japan has been historically connected, I suggest that Japan scholars can not only extend Japanese studies’ relevance beyond its own field but also infuse it with new ideas and approaches.
[REVIEW] Immigrant Japan: Mobility and Belonging in an Ethno-Nationalist Society
Authors:   The University of Queensland, Wilkinson Aoife
Published: September 2021

A review of "Immigrant Japan: Mobility and Belonging in an Ethno-Nationalist Society" by Gracia Liu-Farrer, Cornell University Press (New York), 2020.
[REVIEW] Intimate Disconnections: Divorce and the Romance of Independence in Contemporary Japan
Authors:   The University of Queensland, Clark Laura Emily
Published: September 2021

A review of "Intimate Disconnections: Divorce and the Romance of Independence in Contemporary Japan" by Allison Alexy, The University of Chicago Press (Chicago and London), 2020.
A Laboratory Method for Estimation of Storage Capacity of Rock Samples under Effective Stress
Authors: Aldana Gallego Ivan C. , Santos Laura P. , Yucel Akkutlu I.
Published: September 2021

Fluid storage capacity measurements of core plugs in the laboratory consider pore volume as a function of effective stress. The latter is equal to applied confining pressure – n × applied pore pressure. However, the results are often reported as a function of difference in the applied pressures, because the effective stress coefficient (n) is an unknown. This creates confusion during the interpretation of laboratory data and leads to added uncertainties in the analysis of the storage capacity of the samples under in-situ conditions.

In this paper, we present a new laboratory method that allows simultaneous prediction of the sample pore volume, the coefficient of isothermal pore compressibility, and the effective stress coefficient. These quantities are necessary to predict the fluid storage as a function of effective stress. The method requires two stages of gas (helium) uptake by the sample under confining pressure and pore pressure and measures pressure-volume data. Confining pressure is always kept larger than the equilibrium pore pressure, but their values at each stage are changed arbitrarily. The analysis is simple and includes simultaneous solutions of two algebraic equations including the measured pressure-volume data.

The model is validated by taking the reference pore volume near zero stress. The reference volume predicted matches with that measured independently using the standard helium porosimeter. For sandstone, shale, and carbonate samples, the estimated pore compressibility is, on average, 10−6 psi−1. The effective stress coefficient is higher than unity and is a linear function of the ratio of the applied pressure values. We present a new graphical method that predicts the Biot coefficient (α) of the rock sample, a fundamental quantity used during the strain calculations that indicates the tendency of the rock to deform volumetrically. A new fundamental rule is found between the applied pressure difference and the effective stress: σe/α = pc − pp. Interestingly, the predicted Biot coefficient values for the shale samples show values between 0.46 and 1.0. This indicates that features of the shale sample, such as mineral variability, fine-scale lamination, and fissility, come into play during the fluid storage measurements.
A Comprehensive Investigation into the Effect of a Low Surface Energy Treatment on Gas Hydrate, Asphaltene, and Wax Formation, Deposition, and Adhesion
Authors: Pickarts M. A. , Brown E. , Delgado-Linares J. G. , Veedu V. , Koh C. A.
Published: September 2021

The formation/precipitation and deposition of pipeline solids, such as gas hydrates, asphaltenes, and waxes have long plagued production fields. Given the vast differences in chemistries of these solids, any current prevention or mitigation strategy, particularly for cases in which multiple issues are a concern, is likely to involve an extensive assortment of chemical additives that are both costly and add complexity to the system. Surface treatments (coatings), on the other hand, present a relatively viable option for management strategies. A chemically and physically robust surface treatment with the ability to address deposition issues for multiple pipeline solids could not only decrease the operating expenditures for a field through material cost savings and obviation of downstream separation, but could also simplify produced fluids by eliminating additional chemicals from the mixture.

The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of a particular surface treatment as part of a solids management strategy. This work used an omniphobic surface treatment to probe its effects on gas hydrate, asphaltene, and wax deposition. Specifically, an interfacial tensiometer (IFT) collected contact angle measurements for wettability studies. High-pressure rocking cells studied gas hydrate nucleation and deposition. A bench-scale flow loop quantified the deposition of oil and asphaltenes after a set time period. Finally, a mechanical shear device measured the adhesion force of wax deposits on untreated/treated surfaces.

Static contact angle results showed that the omniphobic surface treatment had reduced surface interaction with water droplets in air, altering from the complete wetting on corroded surfaces to slightly hydrophobic conditions of greater than 100°. In addition, rocking-cell tests indicated that these omniphobic surface treatments may prevent gas hydrate deposition for up to 72 hours. The gas hydrate rocking-cell tests also demonstrated possible increases in induction time and occasional elimination of hydrate nucleation with the surface treatment. Finally, the surface treatment application, which also decreased surface roughness, showed that crude oil and asphaltene particles deposition, as well as the shear required to remove solidified wax deposits, could be reduced by a large factor. Overall, promising results were recorded for all major flow-assurance solids in the presence of the surface treatment.
Domestic Violence in Married Couples: From the Viewpoint of Women
Authors: Areshtanab Hossein Namdar , Vaseai Fariba , Ebrahimi Hossein , Bostanabad Mohammad Arshadi , Hosseinzadeh Mina
Published: September 2021

Background: Domestic violence is one of the most common problems of public health that can be occurred in families and can lead to physical, psychological, and economic consequences individually, family, and social level. The present study was aimed to determine domestic violence of married couples from the Viewpoint of women. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study 547 women referring to health centers of Marand in 2018 were participated. Sampling method was the convenience sampling method. For data collection, Socio-demographic and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) questionnaires were used. Descriptive (mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage of frequency) and inferential statistics, including t-test were used to analyze the data. Results: Results showed that domestic violence against men (98.3%) and women (98.5%) has a high prevalence. Women have experienced more violence in the psychological, physical, and sexual dimensions and men have experienced more violence in the negotiation and injury dimensions. Conclusions: The most important message of study beyond the comparison of the numbers and the operative or the victim of violence is the insecurity of the family environment for women, men, and children, which can have serious consequences for the family and society in the future. According to the importance of family as one of the essential elements of a healthy society, a preventative proceeding is required.
Voluntary Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in Rural Non-Circumcising Provinces of Northern, Muchinga and Luapula, 2018–2020. A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Chirwa Ben , Magwende George , Mwala Philip , Sadoki Ebedy , Chirowa Frank , Kinge Constance Wose , Maotoe Thapelo , Chasela Charles , Mothibi Eula , Sanne Ian M
Published: September 2021

IntroductionWe describe the VMMC uptake across in Rural Non-circumcising provinces of Luapula, Northern and Muchinga 2018 to 2020. Method This was cross sectional analysis of routine programme data targeting males 10 years older (from October 2018 to April 2020), 15 years (from May 2020) and above VMMC was undertaken using both static and outreach activities. A multi-pronged strategy was adopted that included procurement of VMMC kits to supplement the government’s shortfall, training of VMMC providers (doctors, clinical officers and nurses) dedicated space for circumcision in each facility, logistics support ( fuel and allowances) for outreach programs, mapping of catchment areas for community mobilization and demand creation. All circumcisions performed were recorded in MOH VMMC registers. Data collected was verified by Provincial Health Office. Daily Situation Room (DSR) reports were used to monitor performance. Poor performing districts were followed up and challenges addressed to improve performance. ResultsA total of 2,130 focused outreach activities were carried out between 2018 and 2020 across the three provinces and 486,750 participants were reached. Of the 486,750 participants reached, 151, 428 were circumcised; 56136 (37%) from Northern, 49297 (33%) from Muchinga, and 45995 (30%) from Luapula. There was a three-fold increase in circumcision between 2018 and 2019 (14,746 circumcisions in 2018 vs 54,287 circumcisions in 2019) and a 14% increase from 2019 (38%) to 2020 (52%; 58,287 circumcisions). Most (76%) of the circumcision were done in the age group 15 to 29 years. HIV testing was undertaken among 6,319 participants giving a positivity rate of 2.4% (149). Improved results were associated with logistical support such as transport, VMMC commodity supplies, and increased dedicated VMMC providers. ConclusionHealth systems support including training, logistical support, dedicated space and supply of commodities assisted in increase of VMMC uptake in these rural non-traditional circumcision provinces. even amidst the outbreak of COVID19. Health systems strengthening and community outreach programmes are recommended for building health programs resilience in era of the COVID pandemic.
Adherence to Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Obesity Among Iranian Adults: Yazd Health Study-TAMYZ and Shahedieh Cohort Study
Authors: Sarkhosh-Khorasani Sahar , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Mozaffari-Khosravi Hassan , Mirzaei Masoud , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Data demonstrated a relationship between obesity and increasing the risk of mortality and morbidity of chronic diseases. Inconsistent data regarding the association between adherence of Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and obesity is identified. Thus, this study intends to address this relationship among a large sample of both urban and suburb areas of Iranian adults.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by 10693 participants of Shahedieh cohort study (n=3943) and TAghzieh Mardom-e-Yazd (TAMYZ) which was conducted on Yazd Health Study participants, (n=6750) living in urban and suburb areas. Dietary intake was assessed by using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). In all participants, anthropometric indices including body mass index were measured. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to assess the relationship of HEI-2015 with obesity.Results: No significant association was found between adherence to the HEI-2015 diet and odds of general and central obesity. Conclusions: Our findings showed adherence to HEI-2015 might have no protective effect on odds of general obesity. Also, in suburb region and whole population of both urban and suburb regions greater compliance of men to HEI-2015 diet might have a positive effect on odds of central obesity. Moreover, in suburb area participants in the highest quintile significantly were smoker and had higher level of SES. Finally, the casual effect of HEI-2015 on obesity needs to be investigated further in prospective studies and among different populations.
The Effect of Temperature Variance with Different Surface Shapes on Efficiency of Silicon Thin Film Solar Cell
Authors: ElKhamisy Khalil Mahmoud , AbdElhamid Hamdy , Elagooz salah , El-Rabaie El-Sayed
Published: September 2021

In this work, the temperature effects on the PV’s electrical and optical parameters of different surface gratings are studied. A 3D simulation is introduced for studying the PV’s electrical parameters such as short circuit current, open circuit voltage and efficiency at different levels of temperature with and without surface’s gratings. We observed that the efficiency is increased for PV of surface grating by about 4.87% compared to the free grating surface’s PV. The efficiency of the PV efficiency is degraded as we increased the temperature above 300K. The solar cell efficiency of gratings free is aggressively degraded compared to the solar cell that includes gratings by about 4.89% at 360K. The electrical parameters such as the open circuit voltage and short circuit current are enhanced compared to the PV of surface grating free. Also, we observed that the triangle grating geometry of dimensions about 10×10 nm produced a higher efficiency compared to the other PV of other grating geometries of same dimensions.
Ensemble of Small Models As a Tool For Alien Invasive Species Management Planning: Evaluation of Vespa Velutina (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Under Mediterranean Island Conditions
Authors: Herrera Cayetano , Jurado-Rivera José A. , Leza Mar
Published: September 2021

Ecological niche models have proved to be a powerful tool in assessing invasiveness risk of alien species, allowing the optimization of control strategies. Vespa velutina (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) is an invasive species with strong ecological, economical and health impacts in Europe after it first report in France in 2004. It was detected for the first time in a Mediterranean island (Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain) in 2015, where a single nest was found in the northwest of the island. Immediately a control plan was implemented. In this study, we analysed 30 occurrence data in Mallorca island to assess the suitability distribution predicted to Mediterranean island conditions using ensemble of small models. We obtained high values of AUC (0.9165), Somers’ D (0.8331), Boyce (0.7611) and TSS (0.7754) as quality parameters of the final ensembled model. We show for the first time that there are suitable areas where this species can expand and stablish, mainly in steeper slopes and low isothermality zones. Likewise, the distribution suitability of V. velutina for other Mediterranean islands (Ibiza, Formentera, Menorca, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Crete and Cyprus) was also explored, showing potentially suitable zones. This study provides valuable information regarding the areas in the Mediterranean islands under risk of invasion, and it could be used by both scientists and managers for an early detection and control of the invasive species due to its cost-effectiveness in terms of conservation.
Serum Metabolomic And Lipidomic Profiling Identifies Diagnostic Biomarkers For Seropositive And Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Luan Hemi , Gu Wanjian , Li Hua , Wang Zi , Lu Lu , Ke Mengying , Lu Jiawei , Chen Wenjun , Lan Zhangzhang , Xiao Yanlin , Xu Jinyue , Zhang Yi , Cai Zongwei , Liu Shijia , Zhang Wenyong
Published: September 2021

Background: Diagnosing seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be challenging due to complex diagnostic criteria. We sought to discover diagnostic biomarkers for seronegative RA cases by studying metabolomic and lipidomic changes in RA patient serum. Methods: We carried out metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of metabolites and lipids in serum of 225 RA patients and 100 normal controls. These samples were divided into a discovery set (n = 243) and a validation set (n = 82). A machine-learning-based multivariate classification model was constructed using distinctive metabolites and lipids signals. Results: Twenty-six metabolites and lipids were identified from the discovery cohort to construct a RA diagnosis model. The model was subsequently tested on a validation set and achieved accuracy of 90.2%, with sensitivity of 89.7% and specificity of 90.6%. Both seropositive and seronegative patients were identified using this model. A co-occurrence network using serum omics profiles was built and parsed into six modules, showing significant association between the inflammation and immune activity markers and aberrant metabolism of energy metabolism, lipids metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Acyl carnitines (20:3), aspartyl-phenylalanine, pipecolic acid, phosphatidylethanolamine PE (18:1) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine LPE (20:3) were positively correlated with the RA disease activity, while histidine and phosphatidic acid PA (28:0) were negatively correlated with the RA disease activity. Conclusions: A panel of 26 serum markers were selected from omics profiles to build a machine-learning-based prediction model that could aid in diagnosing seronegative RA patients. Potential markers were also identified in stratifying RA cases based on disease activity.
HOMA-IR Mean Values in Healthy Individuals: A Population Based Study in Iranian Subjects
Authors: Masoodian Seyed Mohammad , Omidifar Abolfazl , Moradkhani Sepideh , Asiabanha Majid , Khoshmirsafa Majid
Published: September 2021

Aims

HOMA-IR considers as the valid index for estimation of insulin sensitivity (IS) and insulin resistance (IR) in different pathological conditions. Few studies have evaluated the relation of IR with a broad group of health related-outcomes in population-based human subjects. In this population-based investigation, we sought to report the mean value of HOMA-IR in different subgroups of a large population-based database in Iranian healthy subjects.
Methods

This population-based study recruited adult healthy individuals between the ages of 18 to 70 years old who referred to Massoud Medical Laboratory, Tehran, Iran. Fasting insulin was measured by using the Electro chemiluminescence method using Roche Cobas 6000 e601/602 instrument.
Results

The mean value of HOMA-IR of the entire population was 2.11 ± 0.99. It was observed that the HOMA-IR index tended to be higher in age subgroups of 18–25 (839 individuals), 40–45 (642 individuals) and 35–40 (1179 individuals), HOMA-IR values of 2.17 ± 0.98, 2.19 ± 1.01, and 2.16 ± 1.01 respectively.
Conclusion

Our findings showed the mean value of 2.11 ± 0.99 HOMA-IR in the Iranian healthy population. Considering the large sample size in our study, more clinical investigations in terms of ethnicity should be done to provide a precise standardized HOMA-IR index in the Iranian population.
Self-floating Capsule of Algicidal Bacteria Bacillus sp. HL and its Performance in the Dissolution of Microcystis Aeruginosa
Authors: Huang Jinjie , Zhang Wenyi , Xu Mingchen , Mao Linqiang
Published: September 2021

Algicidal bacteria is known as efficient and environmentally friendly in treating Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa). However, the practical application of algicidal bacteria in the natural water is limited by the interference of external factors and the low reuse capability. In this study, a biodegradation capsule for M. aeruginosa is prepared by biocompatible sodium alginate (SA) compositing with eco-friendly ethyl cellulose (EC). Bacterial strain HL was immobilized and the capsule was obtained under optimal usage concentrations of SA, Calcium chloride (CaCl2) and EC at 2%, 3% and 3%. It has been observed that capsules immobilizing bacteria HL shows considerable advantages over traditional bio-treatment systems (free-living bacteria) and good reusability performance. A better dissolution rate of 77.67% ± 1.14% on the 7th day was obtained with the embedding of algicidal bacteria at 50 mL, which enhanced algae dissolution rate by 11.05% compared with free-living bacteria, and the dissolution rate for M. aeruginosa still reaches 68.57% ± 2.88% after three times repetitive use. Algicidal bacteria capsules were examined on the fluorescence and antioxidant system of M. aeruginosa. It was indicated that photosynthetic mechanisms of M. aeruginosa were destroyed, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) were all significantly induced as antioxidant response, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased. Overall, capsules prepared in this study can provide a desirable environment for algicidal bacteria HL and ensure algicidal bacteria to in-situ work well in the inhibition of algae.
Comparison of Extended Segmentectomy with Traditional Segmentectomy for Stage I Lung Cancer
Authors: Cheng Ya-Fu , Hsieh Yueh-Che , Chang Yu-Jun , Cheng Ching-Yuan , Huang Chang-Lun , Hung Wei-Heng , Wang Bing-Yen
Published: September 2021

Background
For stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), lobectomy and segmentectomy are still controversial operations. Extended segmentectomy was proposed to make larger safe margins than segmentectomy. Image-guided video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (iVATS) is useful to accomplish extended segmentectomy. We aimed to compare the effects of iVATS extended segmentectomy to the effects of traditional segmentectomy for stage I NSCLC.
Methods
This study is a retrospective analysis in a single institute. Patients with stage I NSCLC who received segmentectomy between January 2017 and September 2020 were included. Patients were distributed to iVATS extended segmentectomy (group A), and traditional segmentectomy (group B). The impacts of the different surgical methods on resection margin were assessed.
Results
There were 116 patients enrolled in this study. Sixty-two patients distributed in group A, and the other 54 patients in group B. The resection margin to a staple line was 17.94 mm in group A versus 14.15 mm in group B, p = 0.037. The margin/tumor diameter ratio was 2.08 in group A versus 1.39 in group B, p = 0.003. The enough margin rate was 75.81% and 57.41%, respectively, for group A and group B. The subgroup analysis of iVATS extended segmentectomy showed that T1a lesions had larger margin distances than did T1b lesions (19.85 mm vs. 14.83 mm, p = 0.026).
Conclusions
The iVATS extended segmentectomy can provide more resection margin than traditional segmentectomy. Segmentectomy is more suitable to perform when the nodule’s diameter is less than 10 mm.
Wrist Actimetry Biomarker Development of Paretic Upper Limb Use in Post Stroke Patients for Ecological Monitoring.
Authors: Dusfour Gilles , Mottet Denis , Muthalib Makii , Laffont Isabelle , Bakhti Karima K.A.
Published: September 2021

Background

In post-stroke patients it is unclear which wrist actimetry biomarkers to use to estimate the degree of upper limb hemiparesis. The objective of this study was to develop a general and objective framework for monitoring hemiparetic patients in their home environment via different biomarkers based on 7 days of actimetry data. A secondary objective was to use all of these biomarkers to better understand the mechanism for potential non-use of the paretic upper limb.
Methods

Accelerometers were worn continuously for a period of 7 days on both wrists of 10 post-stroke hemiparetic patients as well as 6 healthy subjects. Various wrist actimetry biomarkers were calculated, including the Jerk ratio 50 (JR50, cumulative probability that the Jerk Ratio is between 0 and 0.5), absolute and relative amounts of functional use of movements of the upper limbs (FuncUse and FuncUseR) and absolute and relative velocities of the upper limbs during functional use (VUL and VULR). For each biomarker, the values of stroke and healthy groups were compared. The correlations between all the biomarkers were studied.
Results

We studied 10 participants with mild-to-moderate chronic hemiparesis and 6 healthy control participants. FuncUse and VUL of the paretic upper limb of stroke patients were significantly lower than in the non-dominant upper limb of healthy subjects. Similarly, FuncUseR (paretic/non-paretic vs non-dominant/dominant), JR and VULR are significantly lower in stroke patients than in healthy subjects. FuncUseR, VULR and JR50 seem to be complementary biomarkers for monitoring patient strokes.
Conclusion

The stroke patients do not seem to compensate for the decrease in functional movement on the paretic side by an increase on the non-paretic side. The speed of execution of functional movements on the paretic side could be the limiting factor to a normal use of the paretic upper limb. A thorough clinical study is needed to identify the limiting factors. In conclusion, this study for the first time has shown actimetry is a robust and non-obtrusive lightweight technology for continuously acquiring objective upper limb data of paretic arm use/ non-use over an extended period in a home environment for monitoring stroke patients.
Characteristic of Weld Bead By Using Flat Wire Electrode In GMAW Inline During The Process: An Experimental And Numerical Analysis
Authors: Sripri K , Ramu M , Thyla P R , Anantharuban K , Karthigha M
Published: September 2021

This paper focusses on effect of flat wire electrode on gas metal arc welding (FW-GMAW) inline during the process to improve quality of weld bead. Since the flat wire electrode perimeter has enlarged, the turbulence of the molten droplet characteristics is altered due to the effect of electromagnetic force. To bring out, butt joint welding are proven with use of the flat wire electrode. The experimental results indicated that, the flat wire electrode and their orientations are significantly factors to improve the weld bead dimensions, due to the increased in steady state temperature and heat density. The end result also evident that the depth-to-width (D/W) ratio was improved on an average by 7.7 % than regular wire electrode used in GMAW. To validate, a comprehensive numerical model was developed, the result confirmed that the initial arc and steady state temperature are high for FW-GMAW. In addition, improvements in metallurgical and mechanical properties are discussed in this paper.
Maturation of Nephrons by Implanting hPSC-Derived Kidney Progenitors Under Kidney Capsules of Unilaterally Nephrectomized Mice
Authors: Yu Xin , Jiang Shan , Li Kailin , Yang Xianzhen , Xu Zhihe , Du Xiaohang , Kong Feng , Zhao Shengtian
Published: September 2021

Background

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSCs)-derived kidney organoids may contribute to disease modeling and generation of kidney replacement tissues. However, realization of such applications requires the induction of hPSCs into functional mature organoids. One of the key questions for this process is whether a specific vascular system exists for nephrogenesis. Our previous study showed that implantation of hPSC-derived organoids below the kidney capsules of unilaterally nephrectomized immunodeficient mice for a short-term (2 weeks) resulted in the enlargement of organoids and production of vascular cells, although signs of maturation were lacking.
Methods

In this study, organoids are induced in vitro during 15 days and then sub-capsularly grafted into kidneys, we used the same unilaterally nephrectomized immunodeficient mice model to examine whether a medium -term (4 weeks) implantation could improve organoid maturation and vascularization, as evaluated by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).
Results

We demonstrate that after 2–4 weeks implantation, implanted renal organoids can form host-derived vascularization and mature in the absence of any exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor. Glomerular filtration barrier maturation was evidenced by glomerular basement membrane deposition, perforated glomerular endothelial cell development, as well as apical to basal podocyte polarization. A polarized monolayer epithelium and extensive brush border were also observed for tubular epithelial cells.
Conclusions

Our results indicate that the in vivo microenvironment is important for the maturation of human kidney organoids. Stromal expansion and a reduction of nephron structures were observed following longer-term (12 weeks) implantation,suggesting effects on off-target cells during the induction process. Accordingly, induction efficiency and transplantation models should be improved in the future.
The Effect of Season of Birth On The Morphometrics of Newborn Belgian Blue Calves
Authors: Tuska Habib Syaiful Arif , Residiwati Gretania , Eetvelde Mieke Van , Verdru Karel , Meesters Maya , Budiono  , Pascottini Osvaldo Bogado , Soom Ann Van , Opsomer Geert
Published: September 2021

Breed type and environmental factors such as breeding season may have a significant impact on neonatal weight loss calf size. We followed a total of 236 elective cesarean sections in Belgian Blue (BB) cattle, in which neonatal calves were morphometrically measured (in cm) in the first 72 hours after delivery of the child using a strictly standardized protocol. The influence of the season of birth on each calf measurement was analyzed using a mixed linear regression models, including farm of origin as a random effect. Calves born in spring had a longer diagonal length (P = 0.05) (69.7 ± 1.24) than those born in autumn (66.9 ± 1.16). The tibial length of calves born in spring (35.8 ± 0.48) was longer (P> 0.02) than those born in autumn (33.1 ± 0.57) or summer (34.1 ± 0.49). Calves born in autumn have a shorter head diameter (P> 0.02) (12.9 ± 0.23) than those born in summer (12.6 ± 0.29) or winter (13.5 ± 0.22). For all other parameters, no differences were found (P> 0.08). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the birth season influences the morphometrics of neonatal BB calves, with a tendency for spring to be associated with the largest body size. The latter is important to know to avoid dystocia when BB cattle are crossed with other breeds.
Analysis and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Soils of Central Urban Area of Chongqing, China
Authors: Chen Wende , Zhu Kun , Cai Yankun , Peng Peihao
Published: September 2021

In megacities, due to frequent human activities, large amounts of metals enter the soil indirectly or directly and eventually flow to people through the food chain. Therefore, the analysis and identification of soil heavy metal sources is an important part of revealing soil heavy metal pollution. The spatial content and potential sources of 11 heavy metals were analyzed from 342 surface soil samples collected from the central city of Chongqing in southwest China. The results showed that the main heavy metal elements under the first principal component loading were copper (Cu), nickel(Ni), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cr), plumbum (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The second principal component (F2) was mainly loaded with molybdenum (Mo), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and antimony (Sb), and the PCA-APCs receptor model of 11 heavy metals was constructed. The PCA-APCs receptor models of 11 heavy metals were constructed. The results of classification regression analysis confirmed the main sources of heavy metals. Population density mainly affected Cu (0.539), soil mainly affected Ni (0.411), Sb (0.493), Zn (0.472) and Mn (0.206), and water quality mainly affected As (0.453) and Mo (0.374). Air quality mainly affects Cd (0.332) and Cr (0.371), traffic activity mainly affects Hg (0.312), and slope mainly affects Pb (0.313). Hot spot analysis showed that heavy metals had a high degree of coincidence with environmental factors such as soil parent material, slope, soil type and traffic activities. The results of this study can be effectively used to make scientific decisions and strategies, and an effective strategy for prevention and control of soil heavy metal pollution should be formulated to protect the urban soil environmental quality.
Comparision Study On The Knowledge and Attitude Between Healthcare Workers Based On Educational materials of Nucleotie Based Vaccines
Authors: Madadha M. Emad Al , Ahmed Khalid E. , Rayyan Rama , Ahram Mamoun , Al-Sanouri Nancy , Demour Saddam Al , Ahmad Muayyad
Published: September 2021

Background
With the implementation of nucleotide-based vaccines (NBVs) in the COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, a wide controversy surrounding NBVs has become a heated subject of debate, and it did not spare healthcare workers (HCW) and staff. HCW have a powerful influence on the acceptance of NBVs by the general public. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of healthcare workers regarding this new vaccine technology.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional study using an online survey involving health workers in Jordan. The survey assessed the participants' socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitude about the safety and efficacy if NBVs. The study population was divided into two groups, educated and uneducated groups, whereby the former received a small educational pamphlet on NBVs. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare between the response of the two groups.
Results
A total of 330 health workers participated in this study. Respondents believed that RNA-based NBVs would be a safer option compared to DNA-based ones, with the educated group showing significant difference. The notion of NBVs being a form of gene therapy was more common among the educated group. The majority of the participants, particularly amongst the uneducated group, were concerned about undiscovered effects of NBVs. Respondents also agreed that NBVs must be reevaluated in phase 1 trials. As for efficacy, our study population agreed that these vaccines would prevent severe illness.
Conclusions
Although healthcare workers have positive knowledge and attitude towards NBVs, misconceptions and skepticism exist and must be addressed with more education efforts.
Preliminary Study of the Significance of Reverberation by IVUS Detection for Patients With Severe Calcified Lesions
Authors: You Wei , Zhang Hong-li , Xu Tian , Meng Pei-na , Zhou Yu-he , Wu Xiang-qi , Wu Zhi-ming , Tao Bi-lin , Guo Ya-jie , Nong Jia-cong , Ye Fei
Published: September 2021

Objectives―To explore the potential significance of the reverberation of calcification by comparing both intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurement post manual coregistration.Background―The reverberation phenomenon is often detected by IVUS for severe calcified lesions post rotational atherectomy (RA), which is thought to be due to the glassy and smooth inner surfaces of calcifications. Because of the poor penetration of IVUS, it is impossible to measure the thickness of calcifications, and the relationship between multiple reverberations and the thickness of calcification lesions has not been reported before.Methods―A total of forty-nine patients with severe calcified coronary lesions that were detected by IVUS and OCT simultaneously were enrolled in our retrospective study. If reverberation phenomena were detected by IVUS, intravascular imaging (IVI) data (including distance between the IVUS catheter center and the inner surface of the reverberation signal, the intervals between all adjacent reverberation signals, the number of layers of reverberation in IVUS, and the thickness of the calcification in OCT) were measured at the same position and same direction (each cross-section had 4 mutually perpendicular directions) at 1-mm intervals. If the observational point (direction) had a reverberation signal, it was an effective observational point that would be enrolled in our study; otherwise, it would be regarded as an invalid observational point and excluded from this study. The correlation between each reverberation observational value and OCT data was the primary target in this retrospective study. Results―Four hundred twenty-eight valid observational points were analyzed simultaneously by IVUS and OCT; among them, 300 points had a single layer of reverberation, 83 had double layers of reverberation and 42 had multiple layers (≥3 layers) of reverberation by IVUS detection post-RA. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of layers of reverberation by IVUS was significantly related to the thickness of calcifications by OCT at the same point and in the same direction (p<0.001). Single, double, and multiple layers of reverberation in IVUS correspond to median calcification thicknesses (interquartile ranges (IQRs)) of 0.620 mm (0.520–0.720), 0.950 mm (0.840–1.040) and 1.185 mm (1.068–1.373), respectively, by OCT detection. No correlation was found between the distance between the IVI catheter center and the inner surface of the reverberation signal or the interval between every adjacent reverberation signal and the thickness of the calcification.Conclusions―The number of layers of reverberation signal detected by IVUS is positively correlated with the thickness of calcifications measured by OCT post-RA.
Molecular Detection and Prevalence of Non-O157 Shiga Toxigenic Escherichia Coli in Selected Chicken Abattoirs and Retail Outlets in Osogbo, Osun State Nigeria
Authors: Ayoade Femi , Oguzie Judith , Akano Kazeem , Olumade Testimony , Eromon Philomena , Odesola Kanyinsola , Alakija Oreoluwa , Folarin Onikepe , Happi Christian
Published: September 2021

Three selected chicken abattoirs and two retail locations were studied to determine the prevalence and profile for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) present in abattoirs and retail (frozen) chicken carcasses in Osun state, Nigeria. Samples were plated on differential and selective media for the presence of E. coli. Multiplex PCR was used to check for specific virulence factors in the isolated E. coli samples. The mean colony count results showed that effluent water samples from the Ikirun slaughter slab type abattoir were the highest at 25 cfu/ml. A post hoc comparison showed that this value was significantly higher than that of the slaughtering table at Oluode-1 (P = 0.04) and retail chicken meat samples at Igbona (P = 0.01). These results suggest inadequate waste management and biological waste disposal systems and guides on best practices to limit the spread of potentially virulent pathogens into the runoff and groundwater.
Longitudinal Axial Flow Rice Thresher Feeding Rate Monitoring Based On Force Sensing Resistors
Authors: Abdeen Mohamed Anwer , Xie Gan , Fu Jianwei , Salem Abouelnadar Elsayed , Zhang Guozhong
Published: September 2021

The threshing unit is the main working unit of the combine harvester and plays an essential role in rice threshing efficiency, seed loss, and seed damage. Every thresher has its limitation for feeding quantity, and when the feeding quantity exceeds the maximum rated amount, the thresher gets blocked, which results in higher losses, low threshing efficiency, more power consumption, and combine overloading, then combine shutting down at the end. In this study, a longitudinal axial flow rice threshing platform has been constructed, and a stress monitoring system for the top cover of the threshing drum was designed using force sensing resistors. The sensors were installed on the thresher top cover inner surface to detect the impact and extrusion forces caused by the threshing process and detect the feeding rate when it exceeds the suitable feeding of the combine. Three feeding rates (0.8, 1.1, and 1.4 kg/s) and three thresher speeds (1100, 1300, and 1500 rpm) were tested. The time of the testing process was calculated using high-speed photography. The obtained results revealed that the force signals collected by thin-film sensors significantly correlated with thresher rotating speed and feeding rate. This study provides a new method for threshing drum real-time feeding quantity monitoring and early warning of thresher blockage.