bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visualization and Control System for a Wastewater Laboratory Plant with Biological Treatment
Authors: Ramírez-Jiménez Diego Fernando , Bedoya-Benítez Paula Andrea , Munoz-Gutierrez Pablo A.
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a novel real-time control and electronic instrumentation system (RTC\andEIS) for a prototype plant that uses activated sludge for wastewater treatment. The main contribution in this research was oriented to work on an experimental design with small dimensions and low cost. This design was carried out using two continuous flow storage tanks in which an identification process was carried out with the MATLAB system identification toolbox to know a mathematical model. The mathematical representation obtained is presented as a continuous and a discrete transfer function. To evaluate the performance of the temperature control and instrumentation system, we implemented a simulation of the closed-loop control system and then implemented it using a DAQ, LabVIEW software, electronic devices and the wastewater treatment plant prototype to compare both results. Finally, the secondary treatment effluent was analyzed in a certified water laboratory to have a detailed analysis compared to the initial influent.
SIL Setup for Motor Controller Testing in Virtual Vehicle Environments
Authors: Soni Jatin
Published: July 2024

This research paper explores the implementation and benefits of Software-in-the-Loop (SIL) setups for testing motor controllers within virtual vehicle environments. SIL testing offers significant advantages in terms of cost, efficiency, and safety compared to traditional hardware-based testing methods. This paper discusses the key components of SIL setups, their implementation strategies, and case studies demonstrating their effectiveness in real-world applications. Additionally, challenges and future research directions in SIL testing for motor controllers are also addressed.
Development Strategy for Seaweed Agroindustry on Household Scale in Mataram City
Authors: Purnamasari Ratih , Sudjatmiko Dwi Praptomo , Suparmin
Published: July 2024

The research objectives are (1) Analyzing alternative strategies for developing agro-industry made from seaweed in Mataram City; and (2) Analyzing the strategic options that are prioritized in the development of seaweed agro-industry in Mataram City. The research method uses descriptive methods. Determining the research location was carried out using the Purposive Sampling technique. The main respondents in the research were seaweed agro-industry entrepreneurs. To strengthen data related to product quality and price instruments, data was added by interviewing buyers/consumers as additional respondents, so the assessment was more objective. Producer respondents were determined using the census method, while consumer respondents were determined using the Accidental Sampling method. The results of the research show (1) Alternative development strategies using SWOT, obtained by micro-businesses in quadrant Ⅲ (WO Strategy) include utilizing coaching for access to capital, modern technology, good packaging, expanding the market through social media, increasing the number of human resources, and promotions to overcome less strategic location. For small businesses in quadrant Ⅰ (SO Strategy) by utilizing experience and business permits to create employment opportunities, process agricultural products, promote quality products without preservatives, and use guidance from related agencies, (2) QSPM matrix analysis produces priority strategies for Micro business is expanding the market and promoting through social media to meet high product demand, while for small business it is increasing the added value of products with available raw materials and utilizing guidance from related agencies.
Road Safety Services of a Transport Service Provider: Basis for an Operational Manual
Authors: Manangan Arci V.
Published: July 2024

For all users of the road, road safety is crucial. Everyone is concerned about it because of the dramatic increase in the number of vehicles on the road in recent years, road safety has become even more crucial. According to a 2014 World Health Organization research, motorcycle riders account for more than half of all fatalities in traffic incidents. At 19%, pedestrians make up the second-highest percentage of road user fatalities, after four-wheeled vehicle drivers (14%), and their passengers (11%).   If there are road safety services in place and followed to reduce the high risk of accidents on most Philippine highways and roads, then accidents may be prevented.  Many traffic incidents that occur these days include trucks, buses, and motorcyclists. Even when they are not in the official motorcycle lanes, most motorbikes would overtake as often as possible to escape heavy traffic because these vehicles tend to travel through even the steepest parts of the road. This situation may result in a collision between a motorcycle and a high-wheeled vehicle.
This study employed the descriptive developmental method of research using the questionnaire in gathering the respondents’ assessment on the road safety services of a transport safety provider.
The Customs System of the Russian Federation and Problems of Assurance of Economic Sovereignty of the Country in the 1990s
Authors: Koloshinskaya Natalya V. ,   Head of the Department of the Humanities of the V.B. Bobkov Saint Petersburg Branch of the Russian Customs Academy
Published: July 2024

The issues of ensuring the economic sovereignty of the Russian Federation are among the most discussed in recent years. The country’s customs authorities, directly involved in this process, are not ignored either. At the same time, certain key problems in their activities have not received sufficient coverage. The article analyzes some of them. Measures of a regulatory, organizational and managerial nature, the complexity and inconsistency of both the process of strengthening the cus
Historical and Economic Prerequisites for the Development of the Law of Monetary Circulation Before the 19th Century
Authors: Krylov Oleg M. ,   Head of the Department of Financial and Administrative Law of the Law Institute of the Ufa University of Science and Technology
Published: July 2024

Large-scale changes occurring in the monetary circulation of the Russian state (the emergence of a new type of money, a system of fast payments, the transition between states to payments in national currencies, the formation of monetary unions, etc.) led to the intensive development of the institution of monetary circulation law, determining the relevance of scientific research into its formation, status and development trends. This article is devoted to the prerequisites for the formation of the institution of the law of monetary circulation, within the framework of which the formation of the fundamental principles and attributive sub-institutions of the institution of the law of monetary circulation in different periods of Russian statehood is examined.
The Death Penalty Institution as an Indicator of the Interaction Between the State, Law and Individual
Authors: Arkhipkin Igor V. ,   Professor of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Baikal State University, Doctor of Economics
Published: July 2024

The article examines the problems concerning the institution of the death penalty from the perspective of the state performing its protective function to protect human rights. The genesis of this punitive institution in Russian legislation is being investigated. The ambiguity of the attitude of the public and the legislator towards the death penalty is noted, as well as the uncertainty of the latter remaining to this day regarding its availability in the arsenal of criminal penalties. Doubts are expressed about the effectiveness of the death penalty as a deterrent and crime prevention measure.
On Special Aspects of Implementation of the State Anti-Corruption Policy in Countries of Central Asia
Authors: Shorokhov Vyacheslav E. ,   Head of the Research Project of Anti-Corruption Compliance within the Framework of Contemporary State Anti-Corruption Policy Models, Shorokhova Alisa A. , Vlasov Vyacheslav V. ,   Academic Secretary of the Research Project of Anti-Corruption Compliance within the Framework of Contemporary State Anti-Corruption Policy,   Participant of the Research Project of Anti-Corruption Compliance within the Framework of Contemporary State Anti-Corruption Policy Models
Published: July 2024

This article reveals the features of modern state anti-corruption policy in a separate group of countries of the post-Soviet space. The study presents an analysis of the specifics of the main approaches to combating corruption in the Central Asian states and the implementation of the existing anti-corruption model from the point of view of international and regional recommendations in this area. Particular attention in the work is paid to the commonality of cultural factors, the state-political structure of the countries under consideration and the relevance of individual anti-corruption mechanisms for the Russian anti-corruption model.
Dakwah Irsyad: Paradigma Dakwah Bimbingan Konseling Islam
Authors: Ramadhani Fadila Elma , Halwati Umi
Published: July 2024

Da'wah irsyad represents a specific form of da'wah that places particular emphasis on the provision of spiritual guidance and direction. It plays a pivotal role in the formation of a society that is based on Islamic moral and ethical values. The objective of irsyad da'wah is to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of religious teachings, encompassing not only intellectual comprehension but also the capacity to apply these teachings in one's daily life. This research project aims to explore the paradigm of irsyad da'wah, which represents the paradigm of da'wah in Islamic counselling guidance. This research is qualitative in nature, employing a library research method to explore the existing literature on the subject matter and to contribute to the accumulation of scientific knowledge in the field of da'wah and Islamic counselling guidance. The findings of this study indicate that irsyad da'wah is a crucial element in the development of an individual Muslim's mental, spiritual, and moral wellbeing. It has the potential to enhance the quality and solemnity of The implementation of Irsyad da'wah facilitates the worship of every Muslim in accordance with Islamic law. This, in turn, contributes to the improvement of social conditions in society at large. The early mental and spiritual development of individuals can prevent the emergence of various social problems in Muslim society. The method of irsyad da'wah encompasses the following techniques: khitobah (discourse), daras (teaching), tamsil (parable), uswah shalihah (exemplary good behaviour), and kitabah (writing). It is implemented through education in schools and services.
Aplikasi Konsep Religious Marketing dalam Praktek Komunikasi dan Dakwah Islam
Authors: Mabrur Muhammad , Satriawan Lalu Agus , Yuliarto Udi
Published: July 2024

The accelerated pace of technological advancement has facilitated the acquisition of information by a multitude of entities. Furthermore, it has altered the behavioural patterns of individuals, enabling the modern person to exercise greater autonomy in determining their own behavioural choices. This development necessitates that da'wah activists adopt innovative approaches to the dissemination of religious teachings. It is not within the power of religious leaders to impose their teachings on society. One such method is the utilisation of marketing concepts in the process of socialising religious teachings, which is commonly referred to as religious marketing. This study was conducted using the library research method with the objective of investigating the potential applications of marketing concepts in the context of da'wah activities. In practice, the marketing mix concept, as applied in commercial marketing activities, can be applied to activities aimed at socialising religious teachings. However, it is important to note that there are several key differences that must be taken into account when implementing the religious marketing concept in the context of promotional activities for religious teachings. One area in which the religious marketing concept is particularly prevalent is in the promotion of zakat funds. It is crucial for zakat fund management institutions to comprehend the tenets of religious marketing, as they must devise innovative strategies to attract donors and encourage them to entrust their zakat funds to these institutions.
Persinggungan Agama, Pengasuhan Anak, dan Media Sosial: Penelusuran Dunia Digital Perempuan Muda
Authors: Supriansyah Supriansyah , Hasan Alfin Nor
Published: July 2024

Artikel ini berfokus pada proses berbagi, distribusi, hingga pembentukan pengetahuan terkait agama dan pola asuh anak di kalangan perempuan muda. Kemunculan internet, khususnya media sosial, jelas memberikan pengaruh pada bagaimana penerimaan dan persebaran pengetahuan. Agama dan pola asuh anak adalah diskursus paling populer di kalangan perempuan muda hari in. Menariknya, para perempuan muda, populer hari ini dengan sebutan Mahmud (Mamah Muda) ini memiliki cara mendapatkan, membentuk, hingga mengonsumsi pengetahuan dengan generasi sebelumnya. Artikel ini berbasis pada pengamatan atas aktifitas media sosial para perempuan muda terkait tema agama dan pola asuh anak. Pertanyaan utama artikel ini adalah bagaimana proses pengumpulan, distribusi, berbagi, pembentukan, hingga konsumsi pengetahuan agama dan pola asuh anak di kalangan perempuan muda? Dengan menggunakan etnografi digital, artikel ini mengamati seluruh aktifitas media sosial sepuluh perempuan muda yang baru saja menjadi ibu. Artikel ini mendapati bahwa perempuan muda ini sudah lebih banyak menyeleksi atau meninggalkan pola asuh anak, yang mereka dapatkan dari para perempuan dari generasi sebelumnya. Selain itu, mereka juga memiliki sumber-sumber pengetahuan lain yang dianggap lebih otoritatif dalam menjelaskan tema agama dan pola asuh anak. Terakhir, para perempuan muda ini juga lebih banyak menolak atau meninggalkan beragam tradisi keagamaan yang berkelindan dengan Islam lokal, karena beragam alasan.
Prólogo
Authors: Knop Fabiola , García de la Cárcova Alejo
Published: July 2024

Si bien se puede trazar los albores de las disciplinas del diseño en el campo de las artesanías, la historia y muchos de sus protagonistas se han empecinado en separar dicho vínculo –tal como ocurre en relación al arte–, desestimando, muchas veces, los valores intrínsecos del rol del artesano en la historia de la humanidad.
Prácticas y experiencias difusas de los profesionales del diseño. Entre el mandato industrial, el emergente y la realidad contextual
Authors: Franco María Belén
Published: July 2024

En el marco de un estudio etnográfico sobre los sentidos que construyen los profesionales del diseño sobre sus experiencias formativas y sus prácticas laborales se identificó una diversidad de espacios laborales en que los profesionales se desempeñan.
Uso y nuevas tecnologías
Authors: Goldes Enrique Alejandro
Published: July 2024

Resulta conveniente realizar una reflexión de la historia cercana en la evolución ºdel diseño y con relación a los cambios en el contexto global que la afectan.
Revisión sistemática de literatura sobre la relación entre diseño industrial y ecología integral
Authors: Escobar Guillén Gloria Carolina
Published: July 2024

Este artículo busca descubrir los conceptos y teorías que se interrelacionan entre diseño industrial y ecología integral.
Technogenic gold deposits of the Trans-Baikal Territory
Authors: Abramov Bair N.
Published: July 2024

Relevance. The need to expand the mineral resource base of the Trans-Baikal Territory. Aim. To study the geochemical composition of technozems of tailings dumps of gold deposits of the Trans-Baikal Territory, their correspondence, in terms of gold content, to technogenic deposits, to calculate the exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations of toxic elements in technozems of tailings dumps. Objects. Technozems of tailings dumps of gold deposits of the Trans-Baikal Territory. Methods. Silicate, X-ray fluorescence ISP-AES methods in analytical laboratories of the Geological Institute of the SB RAS (Ulan-Ude) and JSC "SGS Vostok Limited" (Chita). Results. It was found that in terms of gold content (Au>0.4 g/t), the technozems of the tailings of the gold deposits of the Trans-Baikal Territory, in general, correspond to technogenic gold deposits. The largest volumes and contents of gold (1.2 g/t) are characterized by technozems of the Baleysky tailings dam deposits with insignificant gold contents are technozems of Darasunsky (0.36 g/t) and Kariysky (0.35 g/t) deposits. It is determined that the chemical composition of the technozems of the tailings depends on the composition of the host rocks developed in the areas of deposits. They correspond to the rocks of both basic and medium compositions. The distinctive features of the content of impurity elements in the technozems of tailings are due to the different compositions of the initial ores of gold deposits. These differences are reflected in the values of exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations relative to soils. Among the toxic elements, arsenic is characterized by maximum exceedances of the maximum permissible concentrations. In the technozems of the Lyubavinsky deposit, the excess of the maximum permissible concentrations of arsenic relative to the soil is 933 times, and the Baley deposit is 397 times.
Accounting for a capillary pressure jump in a saturated porous medium for a more correct calculation of hydrocarbon reserves
Authors: Raikovsky Maksim I. , Demyanov Alexander Yu. , Dinariev Oleg Yu. , Rudenko Denis V.
Published: July 2024

Relevance. The correct calculation of hydrocarbon reserves in various fields (oil, gas, gas condensate) is an important state task, because it allows you to properly organize field development in the future and ensure the rational use of natural resources of the state. In particular, the values of geological and recoverable reserves are assigned to a specific subsurface user and are recorded in departmental documents. Aim. To describe the effect associated with the calculations of the thermodynamic equilibrium of the mixture of hydrocarbons of the Karachaganak oil and gas condensate field at various formation depths with the capillary pressure jump taken into account. This makes it possible to clarify the value of the potential condensate-gas factor of reservoir gas and, as a result, to give a more accurate assessment of the geological reserves of hydrocarbon raw materials. Object. Analysis of the thermodynamic equilibrium of the hydrocarbon mixture of Karachaganak oil and gas condensate field, taking into account the capillary pressure jump, which takes place in a porous medium under reservoir conditions. Methods. Numerical modeling, analytical research. Results. Based on the previously developed methodology for calculating the phase equilibrium with the capillary pressure jump the correction of the potential condensate-gas factor of the formation gas of the Karachaganak oil and gas condensate field was carried out at various formation depths. The range of values of the condensate-gas factor difference for calculations both with and without capillary pressure jump was from 7,04 g/m3, with a condensate-gas factor value equal to 393 g/m3 for formation depth of 4000 m, to 64,47 g/m3, with a condensate-gas factor value equal to 547 g/m3 for formation depth of 4600 m. Based on the updated condensate-gas factor estimate, it is possible to clarify the condensate recovery coefficient during the development of a field without maintaining reservoir pressure or with partial maintaining reservoir pressure.
Energy potential of plant and animal biomass using in relation to its thermal processing
Authors: Astafiev Alexander V. , Ibraeva Kanipa T. , Dimitryuk Igor D. , Arbuzova Ekaterina A.
Published: July 2024

Relevance. The need for effective utilization of biomass waste generated in significant quantities. Pyrolysis, accompanied by exothermic reactions, is a promising way of biomass processing. Aim. Assessment of the possibility of covering the thermal costs of plant and animal biomass pyrolysis due to heat release during decomposition. Methods. Proximate and ultimate analysis of biomass are determined according to certified methods. Thermal analysis of the studied raw materials was carried out on a Netzsch STA 449 F5 Jupiter synchronous thermal analyzer with an integrated gas analyzer QMS 403 Aeolos; quantitative yield of pyrolysis products was determined according to GOST 3168-93, gas composition was established using the gas analyzer TEST-1 (БОНЭР, Russia). Results and conclusions. According to the results of thermal analysis, it was found that pyrolysis of plant (pine nut shells) and animal (cattle manure) biomass is accompanied by exothermic reactions associated with the organic part decomposition in the temperature range 240–700°C. The value of heat release of exothermic reactions during pine nut shell destruction is 1.39 MJ/kg, a similar value during manure decomposition is 0.31 MJ/kg. This amount of heat allows you to fully cover the thermal costs of pine nut shell pyrolytic processing, the share of covering the thermal costs of manure pyrolysis is ∼30%. An additional source of heat is pyrolysis gaseous products with energy potential equal to 3.28 and 1.58 MJ of thermal energy per 1 kg of processed pine nut shells and manure, respectively.
Fragmentation of water-coal fuel droplets in the air flow
Authors: Syrodoy Semen V. , Zamaltdinov Roman R. , Poznakharev Andrey S. , Akimov Vladislav S.
Published: July 2024

Relevance. An analysis of the current state of the global energy agenda shows that the problem of anthropogenic impact on the planet’s atmosphere by thermal energy facilities is one of the most important for humanity. At the same time, the growth in electricity consumption stimulates the introduction of ever new power generating capacities. For a long time, it was believed that the solution to this problem was the large-scale introduction of non-traditional renewable energy sources (wind generators and solar panels) into the overall balance of electricity generation. However, it is now becoming obvious that renewable energy sources cannot fully cover all electricity needs. The latter creates incentives for the commissioning of new thermal power plants, usually operating on coal fuel. But the main problem of coal energy – its anthropogenic impact – still remains unresolved. This situation creates the prerequisites for the development of new “clean” coal technologies with a full cycle of sequestration of combustion products. One of the most promising technologies for burning coal with low emissions is the combustion of coal in the composition of coal-water fuel. However, coal-water fuel technology has a number of disadvantages. One of the most significant is the high ignition delays of typical (with a characteristic size of 3–5 mm) droplets of coal-water fuel. One of the most promising methods for solving this problem is spraying coal-water fuel in an ultra-fine state (with a characteristic droplet size of 0.1–1 mm). Aim. Experimental study of the conditions and characteristics of crushing droplets of coal-water fuel in a high-speed air flow. Object. Coal-water fuel prepared on the basis of lean coal. Method. Special experimental stand to establish the main characteristics and conditions of dispersion of coal-water fuel droplets. Results. The results of experimental studies show that for stable fragmentation of typical droplets of coal-water fuel, the speed of the latter (during the spraying process) must be at least 40 m/s.
Lithium capacity of Kazakhstan mineral resource base
Authors: Absametov Malis K. , Boyarko Grigory Yu. , Dutova Ekaterina M. , Bolsunovskaya Liudmila M. , Itemen Nurbol M. , Chenzybaev Daniyar B.
Published: July 2024

Relevance. Weak knowledge of the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan on lithium raw materials previously mined in the East Kazakhstan region. Aim. To study lithium raw material base in the Republic of Kazakhstan and prospects for the extraction of lithium raw materials. Methods. Content analysis of all information on the subject of the mineral resource base of lithium in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Results. Within the Republic of Kazakhstan, ore deposits of scapolite pegmatites and lithium-bearing greisens-hydrothermal growths are known along alkaline granites. Residual lithium reserves from previously developed rare metal deposits that are equivalent to 36.3 thousand tons of Li2O, predicted resources of known lithium occurrences are estimated at 140 thousand tons of Li2O. It is possible to develop known rare metal deposits with the extraction of tantalum, niobium, beryllium and associated extraction of spodumene concentrate. GRK «Ognevsky Mining and Processing Plant» is already planning to put back to mining of tantalum and beryl (with the associated extraction of spodumene concentrate – up to 2.5 thousand tons/year) at the Bakennoe deposit and processing the resulting ore concentrates at the operating Ulba metallurgical plant of Kazatomprom. With regard to lithium-bearing hydro-mineral resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the situation is more complicated, due to the data limitations on the completeness of formation water testing and the reliability of data on surface waters of stagnant lakes. Such oil and gas fields as Karachaganak (up to 196 mg/l Li2O), Kolkuduk (up to 130 mg/l Li2O), Teplovskoe (up to 82.5 mg/l), Urikhtau (up to 52 mg/l) and Western Opak (up to 45 mg/l) are known for high concentration of lithium in formation waters. First two deposits are ready for oil and gas development and production with an annual extraction of up to 1 thousand tons of lithium carbonate. With regard to the lithium content of stagnant lakes of the Republic of Kazakhstan, it should be noted almost total lack of reliable information on sampling their surface waters. Given the fact of finding industrially significant lithium-bearing hydro-mineral lake deposits in adjacent regions of China and Mongolia, it is necessary to intensify the thematic works to assess the lithium content of endorheic lakes throughout the Republic of Kazakhstan, with sampling not only of surface waters, but also of natural brine, lake mud, saline clayey rocks of solonchaks and takyrs.
Assessment of Physiological and Qualitative Traits of Cucumber Genotypes under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Tripathi Vishal , Singh Vijay Kumar , Bhardwaj Ajay , Kumari Amrita , Goutam Etalesh
Published: July 2024

Background: With the advancement of storage period the crispness or firmness of greenhouse cucumber gradually decreased and usually had a shelf life counting from only 3 to 5 days at the ambient conditions. Methods: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the status of quality deterioration during post-harvest handling of different genotypes of greenhouse cucumber under ambient conditions. The basis of evaluation was based on the analysis of several physiological and qualitative traits including, physiological loss in weight (%), firmness (Newton), total soluble solids (°Brix), titratable acidity (%), total chlorophyll and total carotenoid content (mg/100 mg fresh weight). Result: Among cucumber inbred lines, the genotype, BRGCU-4 was observed with minimum moisture loss and highest firmness values, while the BRPCU-8 found to be best in retaining highest TSS and acidity and BRPCU-3 exhibited highest chlorophyll content during the storage period of a week. Moreover, hybrids of BRGCU-4 × BRPCU-6, followed by BRGCU-4 × BRPCU-8 were much better in retaining moistures and firmness, while the BRPCU-3 × BRPCU-6 hybrids recorded for highest chlorophyll andcarotenoid content. Therefore, these genotypes were found to be suitable for transportation, marketing and storage at ambient conditions.
Forecasting Oligochaeta Abundance using the Apparent Electrical Conductivity of Irrigated Soils with Reclaimed Wastewater: Evidence from Corso, Algeria
Authors: Ouradi Linda , Iddir Mohamed El-Amine , Zerrouki Hacene , Hartani Tarik , Baha Mounia
Published: July 2024

Background: The main objective of this paper is to study the possibility of using the measurement of apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) to estimate Oligochaeta (earthworm) density in irrigated soils treated with reclaimed wastewater. Additionally, the study sought to analyze the impact of using reclaimed wastewater for irrigation on earthworm density in the study area. Methods: Earthworm sampling was carried out at thirty emplacements within the study area during two measurement campaigns. Soil ECa was measured by (EM38). Result: The results showed that irrigation with reclaimed wastewater promotes the abundance of earthworms (earthworm density). Indeed, sites irrigated with reclaimed wastewater have higher earthworm densities compared to sites irrigated with conventional water. The results also show a strong correlation between ECa and earthworm density (R2 greater than 0.7). The Wilcoxon test indicates a non-significant difference between measured earthworm densities and those predicted by ECa (p greater than 0.5). This result confirms the effectiveness of the EMI technique as a tool to evaluate the spatial variability of soil biological parameters. These results collectively suggest that ECa represents a real possibility of reducing the number of earthworm samplings, whil ensuring the reliability of the estimates of real values of earthworm density and their surface spatial distribution. ECa could therefore be a useful tool to spatialize and predict the presence of earthworms in soil irrigated by reclaimed wastewater.
Public Health Significance of Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli: An Overview
Authors: Bairi Navya Sri , Savalia C.V. , Ram Noone Sai
Published: July 2024

Meat is a global vital protein source catering to diverse diets. By 2050, world’s population may rise to 9 billion and the demand for meat will exceed supply, necessitating a doubling of meat production. Nutritionally rich composition makes meat, a fertile ground for numerous microbes, leading to spoilage and foodborne illnesses, impacting human health. External factors like poor hygiene, inadequate post-production storage, mishandling and more contribute to meat contamination. The zoonotic strains of E. coli can cause severe food poisoning, with over 700 identified serotypes, hence it is crucial to identify, monitor and control E. coli to ensure food safety. Among E. coli pathotypes, Verocytotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) stands out as major cause of food poisoning. The VTEC toxin (Shiga toxin), can induce mild diarrhea to severe form of illness like Hemorrhagic Uremic Syndrome and Hemorrhagic Colitis, posing a severe public health risk. The Cattle is a primary reservoir for VTEC, which, by faecal shedding, can pollute food, water and the environment. Furthermore, E. coli can spread through contaminated meat, raw milk and milk products. This bacterium is commonly found in the immediate surroundings of animal reservoir, including soil, grass and manure, leading to potential contamination of milk. E. coli infections not only impact humans but also animals, with cattle, sheep and poultry acting as reservoirs for different E. coli strains. Cattle populations frequently harbor E. coli O157:H7 asymptomatic carriers, contributing to faecal contamination of food and water sources. Educating the public about the risks associated with improper meat handling and contamination is essential to reduce foodborne illnesses. Monitoring and surveillance of meat quality in local markets, as are crucial steps towards ensuring food safety. This underscores the importance of understanding and managing E. coli contamination in meat to safeguard public health and ensure the safety of meat products in the global food supply chain.
Survival and Growth of Food Borne Harmful Fungi during Storage of Vietnamese Ramie Leaf Rice Cake
Authors: Vo Thi Trong Hoa , Nguyen Thi Tho , Nguyen Thi Minh Nguyet , Nguyen Thi Mong Diep
Published: July 2024

Background: Ramie leaf rice cake is a traditional dessert in Vietnam. To date, there are no data regarding the nature of mycotoxins that may contaminate this product in this country. This study was conducted to find out if harmful fungal strains were present in traditional ramie leaf rice cake in Binh Dinh province, Vietnam. Method: The ramie leaf rice cake samples were collected at traditional cake production facilities in Binh Dinh province, transported to the laboratoryand then kept at room temperature. After 3 to 5 days, the cake began to mold, with a slimy surface and a rancid smell. We then carried out microbial analyses. The genetic correlation between the fungal strains discovered was then determined. Results: The isolation process and preliminary identification through morphological characteristics revealed the presence of four harmful fungal strains. After PCR identification and ITS sequencing, the results showed that the four fungal strains belong to the genus Aspergillus: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus tamariiand Aspergillus fumigatus. The traditional Binh Dinh ramie leaf rice cake in Vietnam is very perishable due to Aspergillus fungus if not consumed quickly. Producers and consumers should pay attention to storage methods, especially during transportation to other areas.
Dietary Inclusion of Triticale and Bentonite Enhances Productive Performance and Carcass Meat Characteristics of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Chaima Belhocine , Mohamed Belabbes , Kaddour Bouderoua , Abdelkarim Larbaoui , Readh Chaib Eddour Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Background: Poultry production quality could be adjusted or improved through the introduction of local plant resources into the diet. The current study evaluated the effects of total corn substitution with triticale and bentonite supplementation on broiler performance, carcass meat characteristics and blood profiles. Methods: Ninety one-day old broiler Cobb 500 chicks were allocated in a completely randomized experimental design, with three dietary treatments totaling 30 birds per treatment. The treatments contained either corn as a control group (BD), triticale (TRT) as a sole grain source, or triticale + 2% bentonite (TRT2%). The diets were provided from 14 to 47 days of age. Growth performance, carcass and breast meat quality and serum components were measured. Result: The chicks fed a triticale-based diet (TRT2%) had a higher final body weight and weight gain (P less than 0.05), while the FCR increased in the birds fed a triticale-bentonite-based diet (TRT2%). The data obtained indicated that total replacement of triticale for corn and dietary supplementation with bentonite resulted in better growth performance and an increase in breast yield (P less than 0.05). Moreover, the dietary supplementation of bentonite and triticale had a significant influence (P less than 0.05) on the serum levels of triglycerides and calcium. The chicks fed a basal diet had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher triglycerides and lower calcium blood serum levels than those fed experimental diets. However, there was no significant effect on breast meat traits (P greater than 0.05).
The essence of motivation in learning English as a foreign or second language
Authors: Hamimed Nadia
Published: July 2024

This research paper investigates recent studies on the role of motivation in second or foreign language acquisition. Motivation is identified as a critical determinant of success or failure in complex tasks. The paper offers academic definitions of motivation, categorizes different types of motivation, and revisits prior research on its significance in language learning. It also outlines the essential requirements and key aspects of motivation. The literature review underscores the pivotal role of motivation in learning English as a second or foreign language, revealing that motivation significantly enhances language learning outcomes. The findings emphasize that fostering motivation is essential for achieving effective and successful language acquisition. This comprehensive examination provides valuable insights into how motivation can be leveraged to improve language learning processes and outcomes.
Keywords: English as a foreign language; impact; motivation; second language.
Considérations clés : Communication des risques et engagement communautaire pour la vaccination contre la mpox dans l’est de la République démocratique du Congo
Authors: Hrynick Tabitha , Muzalia Godefroid , James Myfanwy
Published: July 2024

Cette note stratégique présente des considérations sociales et politiques pour la conception et la mise en œuvre de stratégies de communication des risques et d’engagement communautaire (CREC) liées à la vaccination contre la mpox en République démocratique du Congo (RDC). Une flambée épidémique de mpox (clade I) à l’échelle nationale a été déclarée fin 2022 et touche désormais 23 de ses 26 provinces. En particulier, la flambée épidémique est caractérisée par une transmission interhumaine généralisée, contrairement aux précédentes, qui impliquaient principalement un contact animal-humain. Tandis que des foyers de mpox émergent dans tout le pays, cette note stratégique se concentre sur l’est de la RDC. Cette région est caractérisée par des défis importants, tels que des antécédents politiques complexes et un conflit armé en cours, – ainsi que par un manque d’infrastructures et par l’isolement rural de nombreuses communautés. Ces défis exigent des stratégies conçues et adaptées avec précaution. En outre, une souche du virus de la mpox mutée et plus virulente est également apparue dans la province orientale du Sud-Kivu. Bien que de manière générale, il reste peu de choses à savoir sur la dynamique de transmission de l’épidémie, la transmission par voie sexuelle de la nouvelle souche est préoccupante, et fait courir un risque aux populations stigmatisées telles que les travailleurs du sexe, ainsi qu’à d’autres groupes. Toutefois, dans l’ensemble, les enfants sont la population la plus touchée, la transmission étant associée à un contact physique étroit. Au même titre que les femmes enceintes et les personnes immunodéprimées (p. ex., les personnes atteintes du VIH/SIDA), les enfants sont également exposés à un risque accru de complications et de décès. L’Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) recommande des approches de vaccination ciblées dans le contexte des flambées épidémiques de mpox, y compris en tant que prophylaxie post-exposition pour ces populations. Le ministère de la Santé publique de la RDC a annoncé son intention de vacciner les enfants et les adultes avec les vaccins contre la mpox LC16 et MVA-BN, respectivement, par le biais d’une autorisation d’utilisation d’urgence temporaire, étant donné que ces vaccins ne sont pas encore approuvés dans le pays. Actuellement, les efforts se mobilisent pour concevoir des vaccins et des interventions de CREC connexes. Cette note stratégique s’appuie sur une Table ronde de la SSHAP sur la mpox en RDC (mai 2024), une consultation avec des spécialistes des sciences sociales, des professionnels de la santé et des intervenants de l’aide humanitaire actifs au sein de la région, ou bien informés sur la région et la flambée épidémique, ainsi que sur des publications universitaires et la littérature grise.
Understanding and optimizing the use of amino acids in pig nutrition
Authors: Kim Sung Woo ,   North Carolina State University, Choi Hyunjun , Garavito Duarte Yesid , Gormley Alexa R. ,   North Carolina State University,   North Carolina State University,   North Carolina State University
Published: July 2024

This chapter discusses the principles and practical aspects of meeting amino acid requirements and the use of functional amino acids in pig nutrition. The authors begin by exploring protein and amino acid metabolism, then the principles of amino acid needs, including maintenance and growth. They next describe the estimation of amino acid requirements, covering empirical and mechanistic approaches, and the availability and use of supplemental amino acids. Following this, the authors outline the concept and application of functional amino acids, such as arginine, methionine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, and glutamine. Finally they discuss the practical aspects of feed formulation meeting amino acid needs.
High protein corn fermentation products for swine derived from corn ethanol production
Authors: Willimans Peter E. V. ,   FluidQuipTechnologies
Published: July 2024

Corn Fermented Protein (CFP) is the first commercially viable new source of high level (>50%), high quality vegetable protein, developed in the past twenty years and available for feeding to livestock, aquaculture, and companion animals. The protein product is derived from the sustainable fuel bioethanol production process and as a derivative of an industrial process is not in direct competition with food production. CFP has a low carbon index compared with a range of traditional protein products. This chapter describes the application of corn fermented protein in feed formulations for pigs.
Niñez y vulnerabilidad en la novela mexicana del siglo XXI
Authors: Grillo Biagio
Published: July 2024

Se analiza, en el marco de la llamada narconovela mexicana, la presencia textual de protagonistas infantiles que parecen vehicular una nueva definición del concepto de ‘vulnerabilidad’ en línea con las recientes propuestas éticas de filósofos como MacIntyre, Nussbaum y Fineman. En las novelas Fiesta en la madriguera (2010) y Toda la soledad del centro de la Tierra (2019), de Juan Pablo Villalobos y Luis Jorge Boone, los niños protagonistas ponen énfasis en la animalidad y en la vulnerabilidad que sus cuerpos inscriben, más allá de su condición particular de orfandad, apelando al valor de la reciprocidad y de la dependencia, en el nombre de la condición antropológica de todo animal humano.
Determination of Reducing Sugar Groups from Hydrolysis of Arthrospira platensis Microalgae using Microwaves
Authors: Ma'mun Sholeh , Rochmaningsih Nur Ariffa , Nabila Riqqah , Sumalyani Aisyah
Published: July 2024

The depletion of fossil fuel sources and increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have encouraged research into renewable energy sources. Bioethanol is an environmentally friendly energy source with considerable potential for reducing dependence on gasoline. Bioethanol is produced from the fermentation process of monosaccharides. The first and second generations of bioethanol are derived from food crops, agricultural waste, and plantation waste, whereas the third generation is produced from microalgae. Arthrospira platensis is a carbohydrate-rich microalgae. This study attempts to determine the content of reducing sugar groups which are monosaccharides formed from a hydrolysis with microwaves. A total of 10 g of microalgae powder was added to 100 mL of 0.3 M H2SO4 solution. The hydrolysis process was carried out in a microwave reactor at a temperature of 100°C for 90 minutes. The hydrolysate obtained was then fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae anaerobically in a shaking water bath. The High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) test was performed to identify reducing sugar groups in the hydrolysate, and the Gas Chromatography (GC) test was performed to determine the concentration of bioethanol produced during the fermentation process. Meanwhile, the solid content of biochar that remained after hydrolysis was analyzed using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectoscopy (FTIR). The HPLC test findings showed that the glucose concentrations before and after fermentation were 10.52 and 1.91 g/L, respectively, indicating that 81.8% of the glucose was converted to bioethanol. Furthermore, the distillation results from the fermented hydrolysate were analyzed using GC, yielding a bioethanol content of 3.90 g/L.
Principles of Reasoning Dynamics
Authors: Yang Yingrui
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a new dynamic analysis of reasoning. It makes the following contributions. First, the current states of the psychology of reasoning are critically reviewed from theoretical and empirical perspectives. The long-standing controversies between logicians and psychologists are clarified by introducing the gauge theoretic structure. The debates between the mental logic theory and the mental models theory are carefully reviewed by identifying the problem types used in the empirical studies. Certain mental fluctuations are found and a quantum theoretic solution is examined. Second, it solves the measurement problem within the Hamiltonian framework. The modeling structure underlying reasoning dynamics is the electrodynamics. They are both the single-charge dynamic systems sharing the U(1) symmetry. The mental logic theory and the mental models theory are now characterized as wavefunctions in a unified account of the dynamic analysis with the yes/no measurements. The stochastic sampling method is introduced to solve the measurement problem, which has a wide range of applications in social sciences. Third, a novel metatheoretic framework of reasoning dynamics within Lagrangian framework is proposed. It solves the “Man vs. Men” problem via gauge theoretic modeling, by making the distinction between the global level and the local level. At each level, the gauge transformations are applied to achieve the global symmetry and the local gauge symmetry. It explains the meanings of the gauge principle and the Nether theorem. Fourth, the special theory of relativity is applied to address the “Man vs. Men” problem. It explains how to draw the global language cone and the individualized local language cones. Finally, it points out that borrowing modeling methods from physics has a long tradition in psychology. The present work utilizes the conceptual and modeling methods found in modern theoretical physics.
Data Obfuscation for Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning using Quantum Symmetry Properties
Authors: Raubitzek Sebastian , Schatten Alexander , Schrittwieser Sebastian , Mallinger Kevin
Published: July 2024

This study introduces a data obfuscation technique, leveraging the exponential map associated with the generators of Lie groups. Originating from quantum machine learning frameworks, our method illustrates the practical application of quantum mechanics principles in data processing. Specifically, it employs the exponential map of a generator algebra to introduce controlled noise into the data, achieving obfuscated data while preserving its utility for machine learning tasks. This strategy is shown to safeguard privacy in sensitive datasets, such as discussed medical records, and to enhance dataset volume and diversity through augmentation. Our empirical analysis, benchmarked against standard machine learning approaches, demonstrates that our method can maintain or even improve the predictive accuracy of the original data. This research highlights the potential of Lie group theory for advancing data privacy in medicine, marking a significant contribution to machine learning methodologies by offering the dual benefits of data obfuscation and enrichment. Through this synthesis of algebraic structures and machine learning, we propose new pathways for the secure and effective use of data in sensitive areas.