bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cover Image, Volume 7, Issue 3
Authors: Lindersson Sara , Brandimarte Luigia , Mård Johanna , Di Baldassarre Giuliano
Published: April 2020

The back cover image is based on the Overview A review of freely accessible global datasets for the study of floods, droughts and their interactions with human societies, by Sara Lindersson et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1424 Supported by: Nightlight data from NASA Black Marble 2012 and 2016. Flood hazard data from JRC Flood Hazard Map of the World, 100–year return period (Dottori et al., 2016).

image
Continuous Monitoring with a Superconducting Gravimeter As a Proxy for Water Storage Changes in a Mountain Catchment
Authors: Chaffaut Quentin , Hinderer Jacques , Masson Frédéric , Viville Daniel , Bernard Jean-Daniel , Cotel Solenn , Pierret Marie-Claire , Lesparre Nolwenn , Jeannot Benjamin
Published: April 2020

In mountainous area, spring water constitutes the only drinking water resource and local economy is highly dependent on forest health and productivity. However, climate change is expected to make extreme water shortage episodes more and more frequent. Forest is therefore more and more exposed to water stress. It appears necessary to quantify the drought induced by water deficit to evaluate forest vulnerability and to plan the future of forest management. In this study we quantified the 2018 water deficit experienced by the forest in the Strengbach catchment, located in the French Vosges mountains. Three methods for estimating catchment water storage changes (WSC) have been compared. The first relies on superconducting gravimeter monitoring while the second relies on catchment water balance. The third one relies on global hydrological model MERRA2. We show that WSC estimated from measured gravity changes correlate well with WSC estimated from catchment water balance while WSC inferred from MERRA2 significantly differs. The Strengbach catchment water cycle is mostly annual but exhibits significant interannual variability associated with the 2018 drought episode: August 2018 has a water deficit of 37 mm (as inferred from catchment water balance) or 76 mm (as seen with superconducting gravimetry) compared to August 2017. We illustrate here the use of superconducting gravimeter monitoring as an independent proxy for WSC in a mountainous catchment while most of hydro-gravimetric studies have been conducted on relatively flat areas. We therefore contribute to expand the area of use of high precision gravity monitoring for the hydrological characterization of the critical zone in mountainous context. This innovative method may help to assess forest vulnerability to drought in the context of climate change.
Covariant hamiltonian for supergravity in d = 3 and d = 4
Authors: Castellani Leonardo
Published: April 2020

Abstract

We extend the covariant canonical formalism recently discussed in ref. [1] to geometric theories coupled to both bosonic and fermionic p-forms. This allows a covariant hamiltonian treatment of supergravity theories. As examples we present the covariant hamiltonian formulation for d = 3 anti-De Sitter supergravity and for the “new minimal” d = 4, N = 1 supergravity (with 1-form and 2-form auxiliary fields). Form-Poisson brackets and form-Dirac brackets are defined, and used to find the form-canonical generators of all gauge symmetries via an algorithmic procedure.
Swampland, gradient flow and infinite distance
Authors: Kehagias Alex , Lüst Dieter , Lüst Severin
Published: April 2020

Abstract

In the first part of this paper we will work out a close and so far not yet noticed correspondence between the swampland approach in quantum gravity and geometric flow equations in general relativity, most notably the Ricci flow. We conjecture that following the gradient flow towards a fixed point, which is at infinite distance in the space of background metrics, is accompanied by an infinite tower of states in quantum gravity. In case of the Ricci flow, this conjecture is in accordance with the generalized distance and AdS distance conjectures, which were recently discussed in the literature, but it should also hold for more general background spaces. We argue that the entropy functionals of gradient flows provide a useful definition of the generalized distance in the space of background fields. In particular we give evidence that for the Ricci flow the distance ∆ can be defined in terms of the mean scalar curvature of the manifold, ∆ ∼ log

$$ \overline{R} $$

R
¯

. For a more general gradient flow, the distance functional also depends on the string coupling constant.

In the second part of the paper we will apply the generalized distance conjecture to gravity theories with higher curvature interactions, like higher derivative R
2 and W
2 terms. We will show that going to the weak coupling limit of the higher derivative terms corresponds to the infinite distance limit in metric space and hence this limit must be accompanied by an infinite tower of light states. For the case of the R
2 or W
2 couplings, this limit corresponds to the limit of a small cosmological constant or, respectively, to a light additional spin-two field in gravity. In general we see that the limit of small higher curvature couplings belongs to the swampland in quantum gravity, just like the limit of a small U(1) gauge coupling belongs to the swampland as well.
Gluing. Part I. Integrals and symmetries
Authors: Dedushenko Mykola
Published: April 2020

Abstract

We review some aspects of the cutting and gluing law in local quantum field theory (QFT) and study it from a new point of view. In particular, we emphasize the description of gluing by a path integral over a space of polarized boundary conditions, which are given by leaves of some Lagrangian foliation in the phase space. We think of this path integral as a non-local (d − 1)-dimensional gluing theory associated to the parent local d-dimensional QFT. This is a novel point of view paving the way for applications of the standard QFT techniques (that do not rely on locality) to the gluing theory. We describe various properties of this procedure and spell out conditions under which symmetries of the parent theory lead to symmetries of the gluing theory. The purpose of this paper is to set up a playground for the companion paper where these techniques are applied to obtain new results in supersymmetric theories.
Determination of Source Models Appropriate for Tsunami Forecasting: Application to Tsunami Earthquakes in Central Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Ratnasari Rinda Nita , Tanioka Yuichiro , Gusman Aditya Riadi
Published: April 2020

In the subduction zone off the west coast of central Sumatra, two great earthquakes, the 2007 great Bengkulu earthquake (Mw8.4) and the 2010 Mentawai tsunami earthquake (Mw7.8), occurred along the plate interface. Although the moment magnitude of the 2010 earthquake was much smaller than that of the 2007 earthquake, the tsunami heights resulting from the former 2010 earthquake were higher than those resulting from the latter 2007 earthquake, indicating that tsunami heights are difficult to forecast. An advanced method for determining appropriate source models that can explain the tsunami heights along coastal areas is needed for tsunami warning purposes. In this study, fault parameters were estimated from the W-phase inversion, and fault length and width were calculated from suitable scaling relations between those and the magnitude for the 2007 and 2010 earthquakes. Tsunami numerical simulations were conducted using various slip amounts or corresponding rigidities. The best slip amount or corresponding rigidity was selected by comparing the measured and computed tsunami heights. For the 2007 Bengkulu earthquake, the measured tsunami heights are well explained using a rigidity of 3.0 × 1010 Nm−2(7.59-m slip amount). For the 2010 Mentawai tsunami earthquake, the measured tsunami heights are well explained using a rigidity of 1.5 × 1010 Nm−2(8.17-m slip amount). From those results, we determined the depth-dependent rigidity relation for Central Sumatra to estimate appropriate source models in our tsunami height forecasting method.
Ruptur des M. soleus als Begleitverletzung einer akuten vorderen Kreuzbandruptur
Authors: Ubl Steffen Timo , Gäbler Christian
Published: April 2020

Die Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbands (VKB) ist eine häufige Verletzung des Kniegelenks und geht oftmals mit Begleitverletzungen einher. Diese können intra- und extraartikuläre Strukturen betreffen. Die Entscheidung zur konservativen oder operativen Versorgung der VKB-Ruptur muss patientenorientiert und unter Beachtung der Begleitverletzungen erfolgen. Der hier vorliegende Fall beschreibt eine 30-jährige Patientin, die sich nach dem Absprung von einer Kletterwand bei der Landung das linke Knie verletzt hat. Die klinische Untersuchung ergab zum positiven Lachman-Test zusätzlich einen Druckschmerz im Bereich des Ursprungs des M. soleus. Die bildgebende Diagnostik mittels Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) bestätigte die VKB-Ruptur und zeigte eine begleitende Ruptur des M. soleus im Bereich des Ursprungs am Fibulakopf. Nach der operativen Therapie der VKB-Ruptur und konservativer Behandlung der Muskelläsion zeigte die Patientin einen beschwerdefreien Verlauf ohne Instabilitätsgefühl, Bewegungseinschränkung oder Kraftgradminderung bei einem Follow-up bis 6 Monate nach der Operation. Diese seltene Verletzung unterstreicht die protektive Aufgabe des M. soleus bei einbeinigen Landungen und die Wichtigkeit, diesen Muskel im diagnostischen Algorithmus zu berücksichtigen.
Artificial intelligence vs COVID-19: limitations, constraints and pitfalls
Authors: Naudé Wim
Published: April 2020

This paper provides an early evaluation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) against COVID-19. The main areas where AI can contribute to the fight against COVID-19 are discussed. It is concluded that AI has not yet been impactful against COVID-19. Its use is hampered by a lack of data, and by too much data. Overcoming these constraints will require a careful balance between data privacy and public health, and rigorous human-AI interaction. It is unlikely that these will be addressed in time to be of much help during the present pandemic. In the meantime, extensive gathering of diagnostic data on who is infectious will be essential to save lives, train AI, and limit economic damages.
Cusp Universality for Random Matrices I: Local Law and the Complex Hermitian Case
Authors: Erdős László , Krüger Torben , Schröder Dominik
Published: April 2020

For complex Wigner-type matrices, i.e. Hermitian random matrices with independent, not necessarily identically distributed entries above the diagonal, we show that at any cusp singularity of the limiting eigenvalue distribution the local eigenvalue statistics are universal and form a Pearcey process. Since the density of states typically exhibits only square root or cubic root cusp singularities, our work complements previous results on the bulk and edge universality and it thus completes the resolution of the Wigner–Dyson–Mehta universality conjecture for the last remaining universality type in the complex Hermitian class. Our analysis holds not only for exact cusps, but approximate cusps as well, where an extended Pearcey process emerges. As a main technical ingredient we prove an optimal local law at the cusp for both symmetry classes. This result is also the key input in the companion paper (Cipolloni et al. in Pure Appl Anal, 2018.arXiv:1811.04055) where the cusp universality for real symmetric Wigner-type matrices is proven. The novel cusp fluctuation mechanism is also essential for the recent results on the spectral radius of non-Hermitian random matrices (Alt et al. in Spectral radius of random matrices with independent entries, 2019.arXiv:1907.13631), and the non-Hermitian edge universality (Cipolloni et al. in Edge universality for non-Hermitian random matrices, 2019.arXiv:1908.00969).
Droplet sizing in spray flame synthesis using wide-angle light scattering (WALS)
Authors: Aßmann Simon , Münsterjohann Bettina , Huber Franz J. T. , Will Stefan
Published: April 2020

In spray flame synthesis the processes of spray formation and evaporation of the single droplets greatly affect the morphology and size of particles formed. An in situ measurement of these parameters is thus essential for process control and development. In this work, wide-angle light scattering (WALS) is applied to measure droplet sizes in a spray flame. The scattering data of the spherical droplets are evaluated by applying Mie-theory. For droplet sizing, the number of characteristic maxima in the scattering pattern and the measured scattering intensities are evaluated. Droplet size distributions and their parameters were determined by repetitive exposures in various heights above the nozzle outlet for two solvents: pure ethanol and a mixture of ethanol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid at a volume ratio of 35/65. While for ethanol the median droplet size decreases with increasing height, it decreases less for the mixture, which in general exhibits increased droplet sizes for all heights compared to pure ethanol. Furthermore, we could show that using air instead of nitrogen as a co-flow barely affects droplet evaporation in the flame.
Short-term memory of temporal information revisited
Authors: Bratzke Daniel , Ulrich Rolf
Published: April 2020

Previous studies provided diverging evidence regarding modality specificity of temporal information in short-term memory. Some authors reported modality-specific interference effects on visual and auditory duration discrimination, whereas others observed crossmodal interference effects. One reason for these diverging results could be different trade-offs between the temporal discrimination task and the interference task in these studies. Therefore, this study re-examined these effects with interference tasks (speeded color/pitch change discrimination) that were especially suited to assess potential trade-offs between the primary and the secondary tasks. The results showed that the auditory interference task selectively impaired discrimination performance for auditory durations, whereas the visual interference task proved to be inefficient as interference task. The present results agree best with an account that suggests a modality-specific representation of temporal information in short-term memory.
Long-term small-fiber neuropathy and pain sensitization in survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia after stem cell transplantation
Authors: Ruscher Victoria , Lieber Sascha , Kühl Jörn-Sven , Schulte Johannes , Blankenburg Markus , Reindl Tobias , Hernáiz Driever Pablo
Published: April 2020

Purpose

We aimed at describing for the first time peripheral small-fiber neurotoxicity and pain sensitization in survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia after stem cell transplantation (SCT).

Methods

In a cross-sectional, retrospective, single-center study, we assessed 25 relapse-free long-term survivors (median age at SCT: 11 ± 4.9 years; median time between SCT and testing: 8.25 years, 19 males) using a reduced version of the pediatric-modified total neuropathy score for clinical assessment and Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST). Inclusion criteria: $$\ge$$
≥
6 years old at testing, $$\le$$
≤
18 years old at time of SCT, $$\ge$$
≥
1 year between SCT and testing.

Results

Nine patients (36%) had peripheral neuropathy as defined by the clinical red-pmTNS (≥ 4). The QST parameters mechanical pain sensitivity, mechanical detection threshold, thermal sensory limen, vibration detection threshold and pressure pain threshold were significantly abnormal in the survivor cohort (p < 0.0038). Except for one, all survivors showed at least one abnormal QST parameter. When using QST, signs of small and large fiber dysfunction were present in 22 (88%) and 17 (68%) survivors, respectively. More than half of all survivors were found to experience pathologic sensitization to pain.

Conclusions and implications for cancer survivors

Survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia after SCT are at high risk for long-term peripheral neuropathy with a dominating small-fiber and pain sensitization pattern.
Correlation of Temporal Parameters of Laryngeal Excursion by Using Force-Sensing Resistor Sensors with Hyoid Motion in Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study
Authors: Wang Chin-Man , Wang Chao-Jan , Shieh Wann-Yun , Chen Yen-Chia , Cheng Wei-Jen , Chang Wei-Han
Published: April 2020

Small flexible force-sensing resistor (FSR) sensors can detect laryngeal excursion during swallowing, but the detected laryngeal excursion has not been correlated with videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) results. Here, we tested the correlation of temporal parameters between the laryngeal excursion recording by FSR sensor and the hyoid motion recording by VFSS under simultaneously swallowing test recordings. Swallowing measurements were recorded in a radiological suite by simultaneously using VFSS and FSR sensors to detect hyoid motion and laryngeal excursion, respectively. Volunteers sat with their head vertical to the Frankfort plane. Two FSR sensors, each for detecting thyroid cartilage excursion and thumb pressing, were placed. VFSS images and FSR sensor signals during single 5-mL barium liquid (30% wt/volume %) bolus swallowing were collected and analyzed for four swallows per participant. In total, 15 men (28.0 ± 4.1 years old); 14 women (28.4 ± 4.2 years old) were recruited. Temporal parameters between VFSS and noninvasive system demonstrated a strong correlation by Pearson’s correlation analysis: in men (R = 0.953–0.999) and in women (R = 0.813–0.982), except for VT1–V1 compared with FT1–F1, which demonstrated a moderate correlation in women (R = 0.648; all p < 0.001). Only VT1–V1 and FT1–F1 in women displayed a significant difference (p = 0.001). Therefore, this is the first study to simultaneous record VFSS and noninvasive signals by FSR sensor. The correlation of temporal parameters between these two tests was strong. This finding is valuable for future applications of this noninvasive swallowing study tool.
Asymmetrizing trees of maximum valence $$2^{\aleph _0}$$
Authors: Imrich Wilfried , Tucker Thomas W.
Published: April 2020

Let T be a finite or infinite tree and m the minimum number of vertices moved by the non-identity automorphisms of T. We give bounds on the maximum valence d of T that assure the existence of a vertex coloring of T with two colors that is preserved only by the identity automorphism. For finite m we obtain the bound $$d\le 2^{m/2}$$d≤2m/2 when T is finite, and $$d\le 2^{(m-2)/2}+2$$d≤2(m-2)/2+2 when T is infinite. For countably infinite m the bound is $$d\le 2^m.$$d≤2m. This relates to a question of Babai, who asked whether there existed a function f(d) such that every connected, locally finite graph G with maximum valence d has a 2-coloring of its vertices that is only preserved by the identity automorphism if the minimum number m of vertices moved by each non-identity automorphisms of G is at least $$m\ge f(d)$$m≥f(d). Our results give a positive answer for trees. The trees need not be locally finite, their maximal valence can be $$2^{\aleph _0}$$2ℵ0. For finite m we also extend our results to asymmetrizing trees by more than two colors.
On the hydrophobic chains effect on critical micelle concentration of cationic gemini surfactants using molecular connectivity indices
Authors: Mozrzymas Anna
Published: April 2020

The influence of the structure of hydrophobic tail chains on the critical micelle concentration of cationic gemini surfactants, using only the molecular connectivity indices, has been investigated in this work. The best model obtained shows that the relationship between the logarithm of critical micelle concentration and the alkyl chains length is parabolic. The formula has been derived for compounds with the same head groups and the same, medium length, spacer but with various hydrocarbon tail chains. Good-quality QSPR model obtained can be used to predict the critical micelle concentration value of structurally similar gemini surfactants as well as to design the structure of the hydrophobic tail chains to obtain new molecules more active in micelle formation.

Graphic abstract
Copper(II) complexes bearing cyclobutanecarboxylate and pyridine ligands: a new series of dinuclear paddle-wheel complexes
Authors: Edelsbacher Philipp , Redhammer Günther , Monkowius Uwe
Published: April 2020

Four members of a new series of paddle-wheel copper(II) complexes bearing cyclobutanecarboxylate as bridging ligand with pyridine derived ligands in axial positions are reported. They have been characterised by FTIR-ATR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The synthesis is straight-forward by combining the carboxylic acid, copper(II) acetate, and a slight excess of a pyridine ligand. The molecular structures of three complexes reveal a coordination mode expected for such type of dinuclear copper(II) carboxylates.

Graphic abstract
Superconductivity of KFe2As2 Under Pressure: Ab Initio Study of Tetragonal and Collapsed Tetragonal Phases
Authors: Ptok Andrzej , Kapcia Konrad Jerzy , Sternik Małgorzata , Piekarz Przemysław
Published: April 2020

KFe2As2 is one of the representatives of iron-based superconductors. Many interesting features distinguish this compound from other iron-based superconductors, e.g., a realization of the Pauli limit or an occurrence of the superconducting gap with nodal lines. Moreover, with increasing pressure, the isostructural phase transition from the tetragonal to collapsed tetragonal phase is experimentally observed. We discuss the structural, electronic, and superconducting properties of the KFe2As2 under pressure using the ab initio density functional theory (DFT) methods. We analyze the untypical properties of this superconductor considering, among others, the Fermi surfaces or the dependence of the anion height from the iron layer on the superconducting critical temperature.
Exposure to the environmental pollutant bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) causes cell over-proliferation in Drosophila
Authors: Williams Michael J. , Cao Hao , Lindkvist Therese , Mothes Tobias J. , Schiöth Helgi B.
Published: April 2020

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), a derivative of bisphenol A (BPA), is widely used in the manufacture of epoxy resins as well as a coating on food containers. Recent studies have demonstrated the adverse effects of BADGE on reproduction and development in rodents and amphibians, but how BADGE affects biological activity is not understood. To gain a better understanding of the biological effects of BADGE exposure during development, we used the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and performed whole transcriptome sequencing. Interestingly, when Drosophila are raised on food containing BADGE, genes having significantly increased transcript numbers are enriched for those involved in regulating cell proliferation, including DNA replication and cell cycle control. Furthermore, raising larvae on BADGE-containing food induces hemocyte (blood cell) over-proliferation. This effect can be stimulated with even lower concentrations of BADGE if the hemocytes are already primed for cell proliferation by the expression of dominant active Ras GTPase. We conclude that chronic exposure to the xenobiotic BADGE throughout development can induce cell proliferation.
respiTrack: Patient-specific real-time respiratory tumor motion prediction using magnetic tracking
Authors: Özbek Yusuf , Bárdosi Zoltán , Freysinger Wolfgang
Published: April 2020

Purpose

An intraoperative real-time respiratory tumor motion prediction system with magnetic tracking technology is presented. Based on respiratory movements in different body regions, it provides patient and single/multiple tumor-specific prediction that facilitates the guiding of treatments.

Methods

A custom-built phantom patient model replicates the respiratory cycles similar to a human body, while the custom-built sensor holder concept is applied on the patient’s surface to find optimum sensor number and their best possible placement locations to use in real-time surgical navigation and motion prediction of internal tumors. Automatic marker localization applied to patient’s 4D-CT data, feature selection and Gaussian process regression algorithms enable off-line prediction in the preoperative phase to increase the accuracy of real-time prediction.

Results

Two evaluation methods with three different registration patterns (at fully/half inhaled and fully exhaled positions) were used quantitatively at all internal target positions in phantom: The statical method evaluates the accuracy by stopping simulated breathing and dynamic with continued breathing patterns. The overall root mean square error (RMS) for both methods was between$$0.32\pm 0.06~\hbox {mm}$$0.32±0.06mmand$$3.71\pm 0.79~\hbox {mm}$$3.71±0.79mm. The overall registration RMS error was$$0.6\pm 0.4~\hbox {mm}$$0.6±0.4mm. The best prediction errors were observed by registrations at half inhaled positions with minimum$$0.27\pm 0.02~\hbox {mm}$$0.27±0.02mm, maximum$$2.90\pm 0.72~\hbox {mm}$$2.90±0.72mm. The resulting accuracy satisfies most radiotherapy treatments or surgeries, e.g., for lung, liver, prostate and spine.

Conclusion

The built system is proposed to predict respiratory motions of internal structures in the body while the patient is breathing freely during treatment. The custom-built sensor holders are compatible with magnetic tracking. Our presented approach reduces known technological and human limitations of commonly used methods for physicians and patients.
Assessing the Eutrophic Susceptibility of New Zealand Estuaries
Authors: Plew David R. , Zeldis John R. , Dudley Bruce D. , Whitehead Amy L. , Stevens Leigh M. , Robertson Barry M. , Robertson Ben P.
Published: April 2020

We developed a method to predict the susceptibility of New Zealand estuaries to eutrophication. This method predicts macroalgae and phytoplankton responses to potential nutrient concentrations and flushing times, obtained nationally from simple dilution models, a GIS land-use model and physical estuary properties. Macroalgal response was based on an empirically derived relationship between potential nitrogen concentrations and an established macroalgal index (EQR) and phytoplankton response using an analytical growth model. Intertidal area was used to determine which primary producer was likely to lead to eutrophic conditions within estuaries. We calculated the eutrophication susceptibility of 399 New Zealand estuaries and assigned them to susceptibility bands A (lowest expected impact) to D (highest expected impact). Twenty-seven percent of New Zealand estuaries have high or very high eutrophication susceptibilities (band C or D), mostly (63% of band C and D) due to macroalgae. The physical properties of estuaries strongly influence susceptibility to macroalgae or phytoplankton blooms, and estuaries with similar physical properties cluster spatially around New Zealand’s coasts. As a result, regional patterns in susceptibility are apparent due to a combination of estuary types and land use patterns. The few areas in New Zealand with consistently low estuary eutrophication susceptibilities are either undeveloped or have estuaries with short flushing times, low intertidal area and/or minimal tidal influx. Estuaries with conditions favourable for macroalgae are most at risk. Our approach provides estuary-integrated susceptibility scores likely to be of use as a regional or national screening tool to prioritise more in-depth estuary assessments, to evaluate likely responses to altered nutrient loading regimes and assist in developing management strategies for estuaries.
Still Life, a Mirror: Phasic memory and re-encounters with artworks
Authors: Mac Cumhaill Clare
Published: April 2020

Re-encountering certain kinds of artworks in the present (re-listening to music, re-reading novels) can often occasion a kind of recollection akin to episodic recollection, but which may be better cast as ‘phasic’, at least insofar as one can be said to remember ‘what it was like’ to be oneself at some earlier stage or phase in one’s personal history. The kinds of works that prompt such recollection, I call ‘still lives’ - they are limited wholes whose formal properties are stable over time. In the first part of the paper, I spell out a way of making sense of the peculiar power that certain artworks have to occasion such recollection – it is, as I explain, a power orductusthat derives from the form of the artwork, though possession of such a power is not limited to art. I then detail three dimensions along which episodic recollection and phasic recollection as occasioned by re-encountering ‘still lives’ differ: metaphysical, phenomenological, and descriptive. In the second half, I explore a challenge for my account of phasic recollection, which in turn helps make more vivid my proposal as well as the spectral analogy at the heart of it: Just as one can see regions behind one by looking in the direction of a mirror located in the same space in which one is, sometimes by re-encountering certain kinds of artworks now, past intervals or phases ‘behind one’ can be ‘made present’ in a way that the paper aims to make plain. I also explain to what extent phasic recollection might be understood as a form of mental time travel, and what the attendant phenomenology of ‘transportation’ involves.
Foam EOR performance in homogeneous porous media: simulation versus experiments
Authors: Zoeir Ahmed , Simjoo Mohammad , Chahardowli Mohammad , Hosseini-Nasab Mojtaba
Published: April 2020

In petroleum industry after primary production, associated gas released from separators or an inert gas from an external resource is injected into reservoir to push the oil toward production wells. The most important issue in injection process is that highly mobile fluids prefer to channel through porous media outgoing the oil phase. To overcome this problem, foam is injected into reservoir to increase sweep efficiency via reducing mobility ratio. Foam EOR performance in porous media depends on several factors including foam texture, media characteristics and injection scenarios. In this work, we used $$ {\text{MATLAB}} $$MATLAB software to numerically simulate foam core flooding and also to fit $$ {\text{STARS}} $$STARS parameters with data achieved from two previously performed foam injection experiments in Bentheimer core samples with lengths of 6.7″ and 15.1″. Then we used $$ {\text{CMG}} $$CMG software to outstretch foam $$ {\text{EOR}} $$EOR simulations to more realistic 2D and 3D geometries which were designed to study override issue in slant formations and also well patterns influence on foam $$ {\text{EOR}} $$EOR performance. Results show that foam $$ {\text{EOR}} $$EOR performance in slant pay zones with severe dip angles highly depends on foam strength, pay zone thickness and injection well location. Results also show that since foam always exhibits shear thinning characteristic, well patterns which use higher number of wider spread injection wells can aid to improve oil extraction efficiency during foam flooding.
Prediction of in situ stresses, mud window and overpressure zone using well logs in South Pars field
Authors: Mousavipour Farshid , Riahi Mohammad Ali , Ghanbarnejad Moghanloo Hamed
Published: April 2020

To analyze the stability of the hydrocarbon wells, it is necessary to determine the exact value of in situ vertical and minimum and maximum horizontal components of the stress. Determination of the in situ stress in well planning is vital in detecting and preventing the occurrence of the instability in the walls of the drilled wells and fluid loss. Evaluation of the magnitude of in situ stress is required for optimizing drilling, well completion and reservoir simulation. Hence, access to the complete information on the in situ stresses while drilling is essential, especially in naturally fractured zones for prospective infill drilling in the field development plans. In this paper, the value of the in situ stress is determined for two wells drilled in the South Pars field, Iran. With information on the in situ stress and the pore pressure, the mud window for different depths of this well is obtained. The appropriate mud density and overpressure zone for safe drilling in the borehole are also determined.
Clinical characteristics of 145 patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
Authors: Chen Qingqing , Zheng Zhencang , Zhang Chao , Zhang Xijiang , Wu Huijuan , Wang Jingdong , Wang Shuwei , Zheng Cheng
Published: April 2020

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of Corona Virus Disease 2019 in Taizhou, China.

Methods

A single center retrospective observational study was performed between Jan 1, 2020 and Mar 11, 2020 at Taizhou Public Health Medical Center, Zhejiang, China. All patients with confirmed Corona Virus Disease 2019 were enrolled, and their clinical data were gathered by reviewing electronic medical records. Outcomes of severely ill patients and non-severely ill patients were compared.

Results

Of 145 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the average age was 47.5 years old (standard deviation, 14.6) and 54.5% were men. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (15.2%), followed by diabetes mellitus (9.7%). Common symptoms included dry cough (81.4%), fever (75.2%), anorexia (42.8%), fatigue (40.7%), chest tightness (32.4%), diarrhea (26.9%) and dizziness (20%). According to imaging examination, 79.3% patients showed bilateral pneumonia, 18.6% showed unilateral pneumonia, 61.4% showed ground-glass opacity, and 2.1% showed no abnormal result. Compared with non-severely ill patients, severely ill patients were older (mean, years, 52.8 vs. 45.3, p < 0.01), had a higher proportion of diabetes mellitus (16.3% vs. 6.9%, p = 0.08), had a higher body mass index (mean, 24.78 vs. 23.20, p = 0.02) and were more likely to have fever (90.7% vs. 68.6%, p = 0.01), anorexia (60.5% vs. 35.3%, p = 0.01), chest tightness (60.5% vs.20.6%, p < 0.01) and dyspnea (7.0% vs. 0%, p = 0.03). Of the 43 severely ill patients, 6 (14%) received high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy, and 1 (2.3%) received invasive mechanical ventilation.

Conclusions

Older patients or patients with comorbidities such as obesity or diabetes mellitus were more likely to have severe condition. Treatments of COVID-19 is still experimental and more clinical trials are needed.
Just the Facts: Diagnosing growth plate fractures in the emergency department
Authors: Woods Rob , Boutis Kathy
Published: April 2020

A 12-year-old male injured his ankle while playing hockey (Figure 1). His dad reports that he was checked into the boards. His ankle is swollen, but does not appear deformed. His distal neurovascular exam is normal. There is bony tenderness over the lateral malleolus in accordance with the Ottawa Ankle Rules.
Antimicrobial stewardship in the outpatient setting: A review and proposed framework
Authors: Marcelin Jasmine R. , Chung Philip , Van Schooneveld Trevor C.
Published: April 2020

Antimicrobial misuse is still a significant problem, and most inappropriate use occurs in the outpatient setting. In this article, we provide a review of available literature on outpatient antimicrobial stewardship in primary care settings, and we propose a novel implementation framework.
Combining labour market and unemployment policies with environmental sustainability? A cross-national study on ecosocial innovations
Authors: Stamm Ingo , Matthies Aila-Leena , Hirvilammi Tuuli , Närhi Kati
Published: April 2020

Labour market and unemployment policies in particular are rarely connected to issues of environmental sustainability. In the present article, the link is examined by focusing on ecosocial innovations in four European countries – Finland, Germany, Belgium and Italy. These innovations are small-scale associations, cooperatives or organizations that create new integrative practices combining both social and environmental goals. By asking how their social practices are linked with labour market and unemployment policies, we explore the scope for new ecosocial policies. The results of this cross-national case study lead to three lessons to be learnt for a future ecosocial welfare state: at the sectoral level, organizational level and individual level. In summary, many valuable ideas, instruments and programmes towards sustainability already exist in the field, but they are not yet integrated in the current labour market and unemployment policies.
BREXIT AND IMPACT ROUTES THROUGH GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS
Authors: Ali-Yrkkö Jyrki , Kuusi Tero
Published: April 2020

We analyse the trade routes between the UK and EU countries. Our results show that the relative importance of the UK as a trading partner in the EU has slightly decreased. We further decompose the total value added into components that quantify the value added that is generated through direct trade with the UK and the indirect trade that is channelled through third countries. Close to one third of the total value added is generated through indirect trade and two thirds through direct trade. Furthermore, 18 per cent of EU countries’ value-added trade to the UK passes through the UK onto other countries.
Association of extent of cannabis use and psychotic like intoxication experiences in a multi-national sample of first episode psychosis patients and controls
Authors: Sami Musa , Quattrone Diego , Ferraro Laura , Tripoli Giada , Cascia Erika La , Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , Selten Jean-Paul , Arango Celso , Bernardo Miguel , Tarricone Ilaria , Tortelli Andrea , Gatto Giusy , del Peschio Simona , Del-Ben Cristina Marta , Rutten Bart P. , Jones Peter B. , van Os Jim , de Haan Lieuwe , Morgan Craig , Lewis Cathryn , Bhattacharyya Sagnik , Freeman Tom P. , Lynskey Michael , Murray Robin M. , Forti Marta Di
Published: April 2020

Background

First episode psychosis (FEP) patients who use cannabis experience more frequent psychotic and euphoric intoxication experiences compared to controls. It is not clear whether this is consequent to patients being more vulnerable to the effects of cannabis use or to their heavier pattern of use. We aimed to determine whether extent of use predicted psychotic-like and euphoric intoxication experiences in patients and controls and whether this differs between groups.

Methods

We analysed data on patients who had ever used cannabis (n = 655) and controls who had ever used cannabis (n = 654) across 15 sites from six countries in the EU-GEI study (2010–2015). We used multiple regression to model predictors of cannabis-induced experiences and to determine if there was an interaction between caseness and extent of use.

Results

Caseness, frequency of cannabis use and money spent on cannabis predicted psychotic-like and euphoric experiences (p ⩽ 0.001). For psychotic-like experiences (PEs) there was a significant interaction for caseness × frequency of use (p < 0.001) and caseness × money spent on cannabis (p = 0.001) such that FEP patients had increased experiences at increased levels of use compared to controls. There was no significant interaction for euphoric experiences (p > 0.5).

Conclusions

FEP patients are particularly sensitive to increased psychotic-like, but not euphoric experiences, at higher levels of cannabis use compared to controls. This suggests a specific psychotomimetic response in FEP patients related to heavy cannabis use. Clinicians should enquire regarding cannabis related PEs and advise that lower levels of cannabis use are associated with less frequent PEs.
Influnce of the beta-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol on plasma catecholamines and lymphocyte beta-receptors
Authors: Bondy B. , Ackenheil M. , Laakmann G. , Munz H.T.
Published: April 2020

The influence of subchronic application of the β-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol on plasma norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and β-receptors on lymphocytes was investigated in 8 male, healthy volunteers. Treatment with clenbuterol (0.04 mg/day) for 6 days induced significant reduction of β-receptor specific binding in 7 of the 8 subjects with a mean decrease of 40% (p < 0.01) with no changes in affinity. Concomitantly an increase in the plasma NE concentration was observed (mean 50%, p < 0.01), but no significant overall alteration of E concentration. Our results suggest that β-adrenergic agonists exercise a similar effect on the peripheral adrenergic system and on the adrenergic system in the brain.
Méthodologie des essais thérapeutiques pour appréhender les posologies optimales des benzodiazépines
Authors: Guelfi J.D.
Published: April 2020

La notion de posologie optimale des benzodiazépines doit être discutée, Elle varie en effet selon les indications thérapeutiques, les malades et les prescripteurs (praticiens généralistes ou spécialistes). Pour ces produits - dont les posologies idéales demeurent individuelles - la moyenne des posologies optimales n’a guère de signification clinique. En revanche, des courbes «d’utilité thérapeutique» doivent être établies dans chaque indication, en identifiant pour différentes posologies l’importance des effets observés (thérapeutiques et indésirables). Cette connaissance des posologies utiles commence dès les essais préciiniques et ceux de pharmacologie humaine (études pharmacocinétiques et électrophysiologiques comme l’E.E.G. quantitatif en laboratoire de sommeil). Elle est utilement complétée par les essais contrôlés ultérieurs. Les posologies particulièrement étudiées au cours de la phase II vont de celles responsables d’un effet supérieur à celui d’un placebo à celle d’un effet considéré comme «maximal». Cette dermère est plus facilement identifiable pour des produits à effet hypnotique prédominant (à des doses généralement bien supportées) que pour celles à visée anxiolytique. Certains plans expérimentaux revêtent dans ces indications un intérêt particulier, notamment certains protocoles intensifs chez un petit nombre de sujets (volontaires sains, insomniaques situationnels ou chroniques).

Au cours des essais de phase III, plusieurs types d’étude peuvent être envisagés : des groupes parallèles homogènes (quant à la nature de l’insomnie ou de l’anxiété) randomisés où plusieurs posologies présumées efficacies sont comparées mais aussi des essais au cours desquels des doses croissantes sont successivement prescrites de façon codifiée à l’ensemble des patients. C’est en fonction de la gravité de la symptomatologie que l’on définit l’intensité d’un effet secondaire ou résiduel «acceptable» (altération des performances, exploration des fonctions mnésiques, etc…).

Lors de la phase IV, la simple étude des posologies couramment utilisées par les praticiens permet d’élaborer des hypothèses quant aux posologies présumées optimales dans des indications particulières comme l’anxiété généralisée, l’alcoolisme, l’anxiété concomitante des psychoses, l’anxiété des attaques de panique voire celle des affections psychosomatiques.

Mais les seules techniques susceptibles de vérifier ces hypothèses restent des études comparatives randomisées de groupes parallèles de patients traités par différentes posologies.
Affective diseases–their course in a longitudinal perspective: the Lundby Study
Authors: Hagnell O.
Published: April 2020

To gain an impression of the course of affective diseases such as Anxiety and Depression in a longitudinal perspective, information was taken from the Lundby Study, Sweden. This is an epidemiological, longitudinal and prospective study of an entire population followed up over 25 years. The first prevalence study was undertaken by Essen-Möller et al. who in 1947 examined every person registered in a geographically delimited area, Lundby, in southern Sweden. They personally interviewed and described every single individual of the 2 550 inhabitants. They were as interested in healthy as in sick people. This is important, since many persons do not consult a psychiatrist, or even another doctor, for their suffering. In this way, the examining psychiatrists saw the whole panorama of mental disease. In 1957 Hagnell carried out a reinvestigation of the same people wherever they then lived, and in 1972 Hagnell and Öjesjö performed a third examination of all the probands of the 1947 cohort. On all three occasions the drop-out rate was negligible: a few percent only. Each time additional information was collected from various outside sources of relevance.

Anxiety and Depression are common diseases. Within the Lundby Study single episodes as well as relapses into the same or another mental illness are described. During the 25-year period, the total number of registered spells of Anxiety was 215 (79 for men and 136 for women), while the number of spells of Depression was 516 (189 for men and 327 for women).

The cumulative probability of contracting an affective illness at least once in a lifetime (lifetime risk) was for “Anxiety proper” in men 2.6 and in women 6.1 percent; for “Anxiety plus other psychiatric symptoms” in men 8.6 and in women 16.8 percent; for “Depression proper” in men 6.8 and in women 15.5 percent; for “Depression plus other psychiatric symptoms” in men 17.3 and in women 32.1 percent.

We found that in “Anxiety proper” relapses, the subsequent episodes contain more complicated syndromes along with the anxiety state. “Anxiety plus other psychiatric symptoms” seems to be a diagnosis that includes many symptoms which, if relapses occur, may develop into various other syndromes.

Many of those who have an initial episode of Depression proper remain within to this diagnosis if they relapse. “Depression plus other psychiatric symptoms”, on the other hand, mostly relapses into other mental diagnoses. It thus seems to be a prodromal syndrome to other mental illnesses.
A multifactorial approach to depression : the inadequacy of pharmacologic
inference and psychosocial hypotheses
Authors: Akiskal H. S.
Published: April 2020

The author has reviewed evidence generated during the past decade at the University of Tennessee and other affective disorders research units in support of a psychobiologic understanding of affective disorders as the final common pathway of various psychologic and biologic factors that impinge on midbrain centers of reward, circadian rhythms, and psychomotor function. In this model, inherited temperamental instability, based on a persistent diencephalic abnormality, provides the fertile soil for the development of major affective episodes. The pathogenesis of full-blown affective episodes is then the product of multiple factors, none of which alone is a necessary or sufficient cause. It is submitted that this unified theory, in bridging psychosocial and biologic factors, provides the most comprehensive etiologic understanding of depressive illness permitted by current data. Clinical implications of the theory are discussed.