bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultra-Supercritical Power Unit Steam Temperature Control Based on Model Predictive Control
Authors: Wang Guo Liang , Yan Wei Wu , Chen Shi He , Zhang Xi , Tian Heng Feng , Hu Yong
Published: March 2013

The steam temperature control is important to Ultra-supercritical (USC) unit for safe and efficient operation under load tracking. In this paper, a model predictive control (MPC) method is introduced for reheated steam temperature control of USC unit. Two inputs (i.e. damper, spray attemperator) are employed to control two outputs (i.e. primary reheater outlet temperature and finish reheater outlet temperature). Step response models of the reheater temperature are achieved using the two inputs by two outputs model. In simulation, the reheated steam temperature can be controlled around the setpoint closely in load tracking. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Optimization of Culture Conditions for Biosynthesis of Lipopeptide by Bacillus Subtilis with Starch
Authors: Zheng Zong Ming , Wang Ti Peng , Wu Qin
Published: March 2013

Optimization of culture conditions for lipopeptide production of lipopeptide by Bacillus subtilis NEL-01 was carried out in shaker flask batch fermentations using composite central design of response surface methodology (RSM). A five-level three-factor central composite design was employed to determine the maximum lipopeptide production at optimum levels for culture temperature, initial pH and culture cycle. Culture temperature and culture cycle showed the significant linear main effects, while pH had no significant linear effect. The production was also significantly affected by quadratic effect of culture temperature and initial pH. Optimum fermentation parameters were predicted at temperature, initial pH, and culture cycle of 34.81 °C, 7.33g/l, 49.26 h, respectively. The prediction lipopeptide yield was 1879.56 mg/l. The subsequent experiments confirmed the prediction.
Application of an Improved Immune Algorithm in Generation Expansion Planning
Authors: Xiao Li
Published: March 2013

Proposed one kind of improvement artificial immunization algorithm calculates the electrical power system generation expansion planning, this algorithm maintained the basic immunity algorithm comprehensive search ability, also the concept which is apart from through the introduction vector causes the immunity algorithm theoretically to guarantee the understanding the multiplicity. Through the simulation experiment computed result indicated this algorithm is feasible. And so on compares with the heredity algorithm, this algorithm overall situation search ability strong, the convergence rate is quick.
Simulation Study on Transient Response of UHVDC Transmission Line Fault
Authors: Chen Shi Long , Xie Jia Wei , Zhang Jie , Liu Li
Published: March 2013

The extraction and analysis of fault information is key to making the transmission line protection configuration scheme. This paper analyzes the mechanism of DC line faults, like lightning, mental and non-mental grounding fault, short to AC line. By referring to actual parameters of Yunnan-Guangdong ±800kV UHVDC transmission system, simulation model is established by PSCAD/EMTDC. According to simulation tests of dc transmission line faults: lightning, grounding fault, high resistance grounding fault and short to DC line, the transient responses of UHVDC line faults are summed up.
Electric Power System Low Voltage Risk Assessment Based on the Utility Theory and Node Importance
Authors: Liu Zong Qi , Tan Meng Si , Ji Jie , Shen Yong Tao , Zhang Jian Hua
Published: March 2013

To deal with the power system static voltage security issues, this paper provides a power system low voltage risk assessment model. We constructed a low voltage consequence severity model by combining the utility function and node importance, and set up a low voltage evaluation index based on risk theory. The validity and reasonability of the model are proved by the IEEE14 bus system.
Research on the Frequency Dynamic Characteristics and UFLS Scheme in Shanghai Subzone Power Grid
Authors: Yang Wen Qing , Cao Wei , Ding Zhi Gang
Published: March 2013

Shanghai main power grid is operating in 500 kV ring network and with voltage-grading & district-dividing structure, and its subzone power grids have their own frequency characteristics. The paper has used district-dividing single equivalent model to check the parameters of components in BPA transient simulation program, and the original under frequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme was improved. Then the frequency dynamic characteristics of isolated subzone grid is analyzed, so does the adaptability and frequency safety of power grid under the new UFLS scheme in the condition of peak load in the summer of 2011.
Application of Functionally Graded Materials for Solid Insulator: Fabrication, Optimization Design, and Surface Flashover of Prototype Samples
Authors: Li Nan , Tian Ji Huan , Deng Wei , Sun Hui Gang
Published: March 2013

The applicability of functionally graded materials (FGM) for solid insulator of gas insulated switchgear (GIS) was investigated. First, a new fabrication method based on layer-by-layer casting technique was demonstrated to prepare FGM insulator possessing spatial distribution of dielectric constants. Then, electric field strength in the FGM spacer model was calculated and optimized by using finite element method (FEM). Three types of truncated cone spacers were fabricated according to the optimization results. Finally, surface flashover tests were performed under AC voltage and lightning impulse voltage applications. Results in both circumstances indicated an evident improvement of flashover voltage when FGM insulator was employed. As a result, we verified the fabrication technique and the applicability of FGM insulator for enhancement of insulation performance in GIS device.
Separation Research of Ultrasonic Wave in Transformer Partial Discharge Based on Improved Waveform Matching
Authors: Xie Hong Ling , Wang Fei , Li Yan Qing , Wang Fei Long
Published: March 2013

The use of direct wave to locate the position of the PD source is of better accuracy in transformer partial discharge ultrasound array positioning. For the signal received by ultrasonic sensor is consisted by direct wave, non-direct wave and a variety of noise, a direct wave separation method based on improved waveform matching is proposed in this paper. It is considered that the direct wave first reaches the ultrasonic sensor. A benchmarks triangle is built and then the attenuation coefficient and the signal frequency are both calculated. In order to search the matching wave, the benchmarks triangle is to pan and zoom. Finally, the best matching waveform is selected from a large number of matching waveforms as a direct wave signal. The result of simulation shows that the method can isolate the ultrasonic direct wave signal from the received signal, which provides some theoretical guidance to improve the position accuracy of the PD source.
Risk Assessment of Power Transformer Life Cycle Cost Based on Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Hu Wen Ping , Li Yang , Wang Xiao Wei , Duan Xiao Bo
Published: March 2013

Transformer life cycle cost risk was analyzed systematically and scientifically. Risk evaluation index system of the transformer life cycle cost was established based on AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) . The 1-9 scale of the risk indicators was used to determine the weight of the evaluation index system, thus the combination of expert experience with quantitative and qualitative evaluation results are realized. Application results show that the method have practicality and effectiveness and has theoretical and practical significance for proposed effective cost risk optimization and control strategies for cost risk factors to minimize the risk of transformer life cycle cost.
Power Factor Detection Methods Based on Atmega128
Authors: Jiang Zheng Rong , Ma Dong Ming
Published: March 2013

There are three sampling methods for reactive power compensation controller, including active power factor detecting, reactive power detecting and reactive current detecting. This paper describes the power factor detecting, which use the avr microcontroller to detect load power factor, besides, the principles and characteristics of two different detection methods are presented, the detecting accuracy is compared between the same phase detecting method and using FFT algorithm.
Overview of Ontology-Based Power System Applications
Authors: Wang Ye , Huang Yan Hao , Li Yan Song , Wang Yan Yan
Published: March 2013

With the construction of smart grid, an increasing number of resources of smart grid knowledge base inevitably lead to the information island of power system and low utilization ratio of power system knowledge. Introduced the ontology for knowledge representation of Smart Grid domain and constructed a repository to be shared by each application software system. It can enhance the power system simulation and analysis capabilities of the complex state of the Smart Grid. At present, Smart Grid lacks of researches on knowledge applications based on ontology technology. This paper introduces some typical applications based on ontology, elaborates the application status of the ontology in power system. According to the ontology technology applied to typical domains, it looks forward to the direction of ontology-based applications in power system.
Study of Efficiency Power Plant Based on Benefit Sharing Model
Authors: Liu Hong Yan , Liu Shi Zheng
Published: March 2013

With the rapid development of Chinese economic, environmental pollution, energy shortages and other issues become increasingly prominent. Relying solely on the power construction is difficult to meet the country's rapidly increasing demand for electricity. Energy conservation, rational and efficient use of energy is the effective initiatives to protect the environment and ease the energy shortage. Efficiency Power Plant (EPP) can improve the energy utilization efficiency of the whole society. It is the most new energy-saving mode, many issues need to coordinate and handle during its implementation. Benefit sharing is a key prerequisite for enterprise to implement the EPP. In this paper, we integrate all aspects of EPP’s risk factors during its implementation to build a benefit sharing model of Efficiency Power Plant. And prove the feasibility and accuracy.
The Study and Design of Electric System for Photovoltaic Generation Mix Charging Station
Authors: Ye Bo , He Zhang Zhou , Huang Guo Meng , He Xue Song , Li Hui Quan
Published: March 2013

With the development of electric vehicle industry, it is necessary to construct more electric vehicle charging stations to promote the popularization of electric vehicles. As photovoltaic generation owns flexible installing, convenient power supplying, and environmental protecting characteristics, it is suitable for providing power for electric vehicle charging stations and reducing a network loads. After analyzed electric vehicle charging demand, this paper proposed the designing concept of the electric system for the photovoltaic generation mix charging station, which was based on the battery charging and discharging characteristics as well as its usage. Then, the paper provided a selection of electric equipments for the charging station and an electric wiring diagram after designing the electric system. This study and design may help for promoting construction of electric vehicle charging stations, and development and popularization of electric vehicles.
Early-Warning System for Power Coal Storage and Supply Margin of Henan Province
Authors: Liu Ye Fei , Qi Huan , Sun Su Qin
Published: March 2013

China's needs of energy increased dramatically in these years. In China, Electrical energy are mainly generated by thermal power plants that use coal as fuel, thus electricity supply are linked to the power fuel (coals) storage of power plants. Henan has been changed form an energy exporter province to an energy importer province. Therefore, the fuel storage and supply of power plants are keys to the security of the province's social development, economics and energy supply. Research the margin of power fuel storage and supply can help the policy makers to learn the security conditions and trends of electricity production microscopically, reducing the risks in the power production process, and improving the efficiency of production and the efficiency of energy. Environmental and economic issues brought by the excessive storage can be reduced. This article describes the ideas and development of early warning system for power fuel storage and supply margin of Henan province.
A Biomass Boiler Hybrid Solar Thermal Power System in Computer Aided Design
Authors: Shi Fei , Sun Bao Min
Published: March 2013

Two renewable and environmentally friendly energy sources, biomass and solar sources, are compounded. It is an integrated thermal power system that avoids their respective shortages based on the principle of cascade utilization of energy according to energy level. The PPSD, a computer aided design tool, models and simulates the whole system and provides important parameters for designers. The calculation results present that the biomass fuel consumption saving is about 35,904 tons if the hybrid solar thermal power system works 2200 hours in a year for the 48tph biomass boiler. The dropping of flue gas emission temperature to 123°Cincreases the boiler efficiency to 91.45%.
Reliability Parameters Forecasting for Transmission Lines Based on Principal Component Regression
Authors: Liu Wen Xia , Xu Ji Kai , Jiang Hong Yuan , Shen Yong Tao
Published: March 2013

It is the foundation for evaluating the reliability of transmission lines to obtain and analyze the original reliability parameters. However, these parameters depend on long- term statistic and calculation. In the case of lacking such parameters in a new project , this paper proposes a method of Principal Component Analysis to obtain the principal component of the impacting factors ,in which various factors affecting reliability parameters are taken into account. Through this method, we can use PCR to obtain the failure rate of the unknown transmission lines on the base of the known credible lines’ rates. The simulation results show that the proposed approach possesses higher forecasting accuracy and provides references for the power system dispatching departments and transmission lines maintenance departments.
A Method of Detecting Wave Grade Based on Visual Image Taken by USV
Authors: Liu Kang Ke , Wang Jian Hua
Published: March 2013

Visual perception can provide environmental information for the control strategy of the unmanned surface vehicle, and the detection of wave grade is an important aspect of visual perception. Based on the theory of Fourier transform, this paper analyzes frequency domain characteristics of the wave image in different light and sea state. According to the relationship between different rectangle ring energy percentage, a method of judging wave grade is proposed. Firstly, the characteristic of the wave image is enhanced through histogram equalization; then, the image is transformed to frequency domain by FT; thirdly, the image features are extracted by the method of rectangle ring energy percentage; finally, waves grade are judged by the relationship between the first and the second stage rectangle ring energy percentage. The experimental results show that this method can effectively detect the wave grade and have the advantage that light condition has less effect on it.
Separated-PI Control Strategy and Stability Analysis of a Single-Phase Inverter Connected to the Grid with a LCL Filter
Authors: Hou Dian Li , Zhang Qing Fan , Liu Xiao
Published: March 2013

Because of the powerful filtering ability the third-order LCL filters has been widely used in grid-connected inverters, but there are some problems to be solved on systems stability and control accuracy. A separated-PID control strategy has been proposed according to the PID characteristics and the structural features of a single-phase inverter connected to the grid with a LCL filter. This control strategy has some advantages as a strong dynamic tacking stability, and the system output has a small steady state error. A detailed description is presented on this control strategy applied in the single-phase grid inverter with a LCL filter. According to the Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion, the stability of a grid-connected inverter system based on the proposed control strategy has been analyzed. Finally, waveforms of this inverter have been presented through a simulation to show the steady and dynamic performance of the proposed scheme.
Control Chart Pattern Recognition Based on Wavelet Analysis
Authors: Liu Yu Min , Zhou Hao Fei
Published: March 2013

Automatic recognition of abnormal patterns in control charts has seen increasing demands nowadays in manufacturing processes. In this paper, we have constructed the recognition model for control chart pattern using one-dimensional discrete wavelet transform and BP neural network. Then, using Monte-Carlo method to generate the data, we have compared between the performances of the model using raw data and the model based on wavelet transform. In order to select the optimal wavelet, we have compared the recognition accuracy of different wavelets (DbN, SymN and CoifN) on different levels. The simulation results show that model based on wavelet transform in this paper have higher recognition accuracy and the recognition accuracy using the wavelet of Coif4 on the level 3 is 97.64% and relatively stable for various patterns.
Research on the Steady Voltage of Permanent-Magnet Generator with Pressure Roller on the Vehicle
Authors: Xu Hong Qin
Published: March 2013

The steady voltage theory of permanent-magnet generator with pressure roller is analyzed, permanent-magnet with the high remanence intensity is adopted, generator’s structure is designed with creativity, and output voltage is increased at low rotate speed of generator. Using the parallel electronic voltage stabilizer stabilizes output voltage at high rotate speed, and solves vehicle’s permanent-magnet generator’s problem of generating stable voltage at wide speed and wide load.
Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters in Biodiesel Produced from Pistacia Chinensis Oil by GC
Authors: Liu Xiang Hua , Xing Chao , Ruan Ying , Hu Qiu Long , Shen Wen Hui , Liu Chun Lin
Published: March 2013

An accurate determination method of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in biodiesel produced from pistacia chinensis oil by gas chromatography (GC) was developed, with methyl tridecanoate used as an internal standard. The results show that the standard calibration curves for the FAMEs have good linearity over the concentration range, the linearity correlation coefficients (R2) are more than 0.99 for all the components. The average recoveries are from 95.26% to 99.66%. The method has good precision with the RSD ranging from 1.03% to 3.40%.
Adaptive Multi Path Routing Protocol for Heterogeneous Multi-Hop Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Yang Han Hua
Published: March 2013

Multi path routing protocol plays important part in the multi hop heterogeneous wireless sensor network. To get better performance, adaptive Wireless Senor Network Multi Path Routing Scheme (AMRH) is proposed, which is made up of three phrases: initial setup, route discovery and establishment, route maintenance. In the first phrase, every node gets the initial route table. In the second phrase, source node will find minimum-cost path among multiple paths. In the third phrase, route maintenance is conducted under adaptive mechanism. Simulation shows that AMRH scheme can prolong sensor network lifetime by 19.5%, increase data delivery ratio by 5.6%.
Research on Bi-Directional Inverter of Wind-Solar-Diesel Hybrid Generation System
Authors: Li Xiao Ying , Zhao Zhang , Zhang Li Tao
Published: March 2013

A bi-directional inverter for AC bus wind-solar-diesel hybrid generation system is studied in this paper. Topology of power circuit is optimized. And novel current decoupling deadbeat control strategy is adopted in current loop to improve dynamic performances. Small capacity prototype is implemented based on dsPIC30F3011.The experimental results show that the bi-directional inverter has unity power factor and can realize bi-directional power flowing.
Ultrasonic Flowmeter Based on FPGA
Authors: Sun Bao Jiang , Wang Ke
Published: March 2013

This paper designed a fpga-based ultrasonic flowmeter, and used verilog language design fpga control unit.The microcontroller was the core of the ultrasonic transceiver circuit. Peripheral circuit is designed to be simple and reliable, the fpga advantage in raising the maximum clock frequency, greatly improves the measurement accuracy of the design.
Development of Biodiesel in Japan and its Revelation to China
Authors: Li Xuan Min , Feng Dan , Zhou Shan Dan , Chen Xi
Published: March 2013

Biodiesel is green and renewable energy ,but producing biodiesel must be based on local conditions to avoid competing with edible oil.China is famous for its food , and it produces several millions of waste frying oils every year, which can offer raw material to produce the biodiesel.The biodiesel produced by waste frying oils is practicable and has been put into commercial application in Japan, and it brings important revelations to China the following :First is to promote the acceptance and the participation of the civilians,second is to formulate supporting policies for biodiesel industry, third is to make good use of the by product glycerin.
Stand-Alone Power System for Monitoring and Control of the Temperature
Authors: Dragomir Florin , Dragomir Otilia Elena , Oprea Adrian
Published: March 2013

The main objective of the article is to stimulate interest of the consumers for the green energy considering the environmental and the financial impact (in this case by increasing productivity) of this one. For these arguments, this article proposes a real application, with autonomy in the power supply, for control the temperature in the hive using energy from alternative sources (through a solar panel). The temperature regulation is controlled by a microcontroller. For setting the temperature of the hive some bees are used at the expense of honey production. If there would be no need to adjust the temperature of the hive bees when the hive would increase productivity (worker bees population and honey production).
Chemical, Structural, Mechanical and Intergranular Corrosion Characterization of Welded Pipes Joints Made of TP 347 Steel
Authors: Pascu Romulus , Alexandru Roşu Radu , Doru Fulga , Iuliana Duma
Published: March 2013

The paper presents the experimental results obtained on the pipes welded joints made of TP 347 steel in normal state, NT (welded) and heat-treated state, TT for post-welding stabilization. Heat treatment for stabilization was performed in an electric furnace which provided the process parameters (Theat = 900°C, Vheat = vcooling ≈ 300°C, etc.) and a precision temperature of ±10°C to 1000°C. Chemical compositions of TP 347 steel pipe and of the filler material (ER 347) have values falling within the manufacturing standards (Cr = 17 ... 19% and Ni = 9... 13%). In the specific areas of the welded joints were detected austenitic structures with heterophasic areas of ferrite and complex carbides areas, having the hardness between 162 and 225 HV10. No welding and heat treatment defects were detected, such as cracks and microcracks. The mechanical strength (Rp0,2 and Rm), determined on the base metal and on the welded joints presents high values. Thus, for the base metal were obtained values of Rp0,2 of minimum 212 N/mm2, respectively values of minimum 523 N/mm2 for Rm. For the welded joints, Rm has values between 522 N/mm2 and 527 N/mm2. All the values obtained are higher than those required by ASTM A370standard. The base materials in NT and TT state presents high values of impact energy KV at 20°C, between 72J and 78J, and for the welded joints, the values of KV are between 53J and 60J, with ductile breaking aspect of the specimens’surfaces. The surfaces of the tested specimens for resistance to intergranular corrosion according to ASTM A 262-2010, Method E, presented not specific defects, attesting a corresponding behavior of the intergranular corrosion of TP347 steel and of the welded joints made of the pipes having the dimensions of ø219 x 8.18 mm. The values of the chemical, structural, mechanical and intergranular corrosion characteristics determined on specific samples evidence a high quality of the base material and of the welded joints of TP 347steel pipe, conducted by qualified welding technology, commonly used in the manufacture of components from chemical and petrochemical industries.
Experimental Study on Alkali Decomposition of Low Grade Tungsten Concentrates under Microwave Heating
Authors: Zeng Qing Yun , Zhang Zi Yan , Zhang Xi Qing
Published: March 2013

Decomposition of the low-grade mixed Scheelite and Wolframite concentrate in sodium hydroxide was carried out under microwave and isothermal conditions. Experimental results showed that the leaching rate of tungsten was mainly affected by reaction temperature, reaction time, and tungsten grain size. The experiment was carried out at a temperature of 105 °C, 550 g•L-1 sodium hydroxide concentration, liquid to solid ratio of 30:1, the holding time of 150min, stirring speed of 600rpm, particle size of 0.040-0.054mm, intensified by microwave. As a result, tungsten leaching rate can reach 99.53%. Compared with ordinary electric heating, microwave heating alkali decomposition of tungsten concentrate can save time.
Static Analysis and Structure Optimization Based on Ansys for a Large Chamber of Vacuum Electron Beam Weld
Authors: Zhou Dong Bo , Song Yi Mei , Tang Hai Bin , Yue Wei Wei
Published: March 2013

The 3D model of a large chamber, which is designed for vacuum electron beam welding machine, is established. Then using Ansys software analyzes the vacuum chamber under the condition of vacuum. According to the analysis, the strength of chamber is checked and the structure is optimized. The results support the design of large chamber used for vacuum electron beam welding machine, also provide a theoretical basis for further studying how the deformation of vacuum chamber influence the internal bench accuracy.
In Situ Test on Effective Stress Principle for Ultra Soft Soil
Authors: Li Zhang Ming , Zeng Wen Xiu
Published: March 2013

The effective stress principle for soil is inspected by examining the original concept and derivation of the principle from the perspective of the ultra-soft soil engineering applications; and the existing problems of the principle were discussed in accordance with the general methodology of mechanics, and relative engineering phenomena observed. The changes of pore water pressure and soil pressure with time were obtained based on series of long term in-situ test in a large ultra-soft ground treatment works directed by the first author; and then an important conclusion has acquired from the test, i.e. the effective stress principle is not a self-contained principle and it’s related to the medium constitutive characteristics and loading action mode.
Process Performance Measures of Mould Steel Cr12
Authors: Jin Yuan , Wang Chun Hua , Geng Lian Fu
Published: March 2013

As one of the popular material used in the mould industry, Cr12 is always used as cold working steel. Although Cr12 has excellent hardenability, the hardened depth is definite.During the mould manufacturing, the following phenomena have always been met: the mould blank cracks in the forging process; capillary crack appears when the mould is still in its initial service stage which can lead to the mould discarding; tool heavily wear out or tool tipping in the rough cutting mould blank after preheat treatment. In the light of these problems,analysis of forging properties, heat treatment process performance and cutting performance of the mold steel Cr12 is done and the corresponding solutions is put forward in the manufacturing in order to keep mould quality, reduce reject rate, improve mould life and optimize process performance totally.Favorite application results were obtained and they can give guidance in the mould industry.
Effects of Mixing Parameters on Tensile Strength of TPU/NR Blends
Authors: Ahad Nor Azwin , Hj Ahmad Sahrim , Zain Norazwani Muhammad
Published: March 2013

The blends of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with natural rubber (NR) were prepared via melt mixing technique, at four different blending temperature at range 180°C - 210°C and mixing times of 8, 10, 12, 14 min. The effects of both mixing parameters on tensile strength of the blends were investigated. The blend of 85TPU15NR shows the maximum tensile strength at 180°C and 10 min mixing. The viscosity of the polymer blends will decrease as the temperature increased. The movements of molecules are more worthy because of the poor molecules interaction. The increasing of mixing time will increase the compatibility of the blends and also increase in mechanical properties. Mixing time and mixing temperature are important parameters in acquiring blends having optimum mechanical properties.
Experimental Study of Remolded Unsaturated Soil Subjected to Wetting Load under Constant Compression
Authors: Qiu Xiu Mei , Bian Han Bing
Published: March 2013

The mechanical behavior of a compacted unsaturated clay soil was experimentally investigated. Volume changes were investigated using a conventional odometer cell under a series of constant confining pressures, following a wetting path. The special loading paths were utilized to reflect field conditions associated with the compacted earth structure in earth filled embankment. The soils used in the experiments were taken from an earth dam. The compacted specimens were consolidated under k0-oedometer conditions. The volume change and the water content variation were measured during the tests. The influence of the confining pressure and the initial water saturation were taking into considerations. The experimental results show that the volumetric deformation properties of the remolded unsaturated soil could be expansive and/or contractive, depending on the confining pressure and the initial water saturation. It is also observed that for the mediate confining stress, there volumetric deformation of specimen applied to wetting loads has a transition from dilation to contraction.
Further Reduction of Normal Forms for High Dimensional Nonlinear Systems and Application to a Composite Laminated Piezoelectric Plate
Authors: Chen Shu Ping , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2013

Normal form theory is robust and useful for direct bifurcation and stability analysis of nonlinear differential equations in real engineering problems. This paper develops a new computation method for obtaining a significant refinement of the normal forms for high dimensional nonlinear systems. In the theoretical model for the nonlinear oscillation of a composite laminated piezoelectric plate, the computation method is applied to compute the coefficients of the normal forms for the case of one double zero and a pair of pure imaginary eigenvalues. The algorithm is implemented in Maple V and the normal forms of the averaged equations and their coefficients for nonlinear oscillations of the composite laminated piezoelectric plate under combined parametric and transverse excitations are calculated.
Plastic Deformation Simulation on Compound Twist Extrusion Process for Metal Materials
Authors: Li Yong Zhi , Du Xue Fei
Published: March 2013

Severe plastic deformation（SPD）methods have been the subject of intensive investigation for preparing bulk ultrafine-grained materials in recent years. This paper introduces a new severe plastic deformation (SPD) process named as C-TE process which combines the Twist Extrusion with Extrusion against the asymmetric deformation of TE process. and the distribution of effective strain and stress of the sample and the variation of load with time and its influence on the deformation were investigated by computer simulation with Deform-3D software . The results reveal that C-TE process can significantly slow uniform phenomenon,and a sample of homogeneous deformation can be obtained by the improved process.
Studies on the Modeling Morphology and Development Trend of Volkswagen Golf Cars
Authors: Yu Yong , Liu He Shan , Fan Xiao Hui
Published: March 2013

To create the form of products has a certain regularity as same as the form of nature,and closely linked with social and cultural,ethnic customs and habits.When a car brand after years of development, some of the unique styling characteristics will remain in their models down to become a symbol of the shape of its brand symbol and logos.With the development of the times and technology, hatchback car due in large part to save human resources become the main direction of future automotive development.The object is hatchback sedan of Volkswagen brand golf series,starting from its styling features and make a comparative analysis of the form of body shape,the development of light form and design texture,and combined analysis of the Golf market sales volume sampling and Golf Volkswagen brand sales scale drawing.It shown that automotive styling morphology inextricably linked with the development of accurate market positioning and era.
Design Scheme Evaluation and Sensitivity Analysis of Product Based on Grey Relation
Authors: Liu Jie , Gao Zhong Min , Wang Lei
Published: March 2013

The method was established to evaluate the product design scheme based on the grey relation. Combined with the grey sensitivity analysis the evaluation index sensitivity was researched further. Taking a vibration screen as example, its 4 design schemes were evaluated and the cost sensitivity was analyzed. The results showed that the design scheme uncertainty can be effectively overcome application of the grey relation and sensitivity analysis. The analysis method can provide scientific reference for the product detailed design.
A Human Finite Element Model for Human-Cushion Interface Pressure Research
Authors: Chen Hao , Wang Fang , Zhang Jian Guo , Guo Yan Ping , Song Hai Yan
Published: March 2013

The aim of the present work was to develop a lain-human finite element model for cushion design to prevent bedsore by performing biomechanical analysis on interface pressure. The geometric data of the human was obtained by laser scans. The finite element model was composed of solid hexahedral elements. The material of the bed cushions was obtained according to the mechanical experiment. The human model was validated by comparing the simulation result with the experimental data. The validated finite element model could be used to facilitate, accelerate and economize the process of design of cushion.
The Software Design of Aging Test System for Rechargeable Battery Based on LabVIEW
Authors: Gao Jun Fang , Shao Jian Long
Published: March 2013

Based on the LabVIEW platform, the aging test system of rechargeable communication battery was designed by parallelizing application program framework, and realized the control of programmable power supply, electronic loads, data acquisition card and digital IO card. Multiple threads including human computer interaction, state control, data acquisition, data showing and saving were synchronously processed, which efficiently and steadily finished aging test of twenty batteries. Charge-discharge state test and aging test data acquisition with monitoring acquisition method based on NI DAQmx data acquisition driver of LabVIEW and data acquisition card were detailed.
NPD Management Model Based on Ecological Lifecycle Theory
Authors: Li Guang Yu , Gong Zhao Chao
Published: March 2013

Product innovation is not only one tool to satisfy the demands of the market value in reality but also to meet the current and next-generation environmental requirements. It’s needed to study new technology and management methods. The ecological lifecycle theory has been established by the research on the harmony of the nature, which is one theory to deal with the common challenges for people. This paper presents one model for product innovation based on the ecological lifecycle theory of New Product Design Management Model. Using the new model of product innovation, we can improve production effectiveness and reduce the rejection rate with 3R principles.
The Analysis of Recommendation Method in EC Based on Interest Association Rule
Authors: Wang Yu Zhen
Published: March 2013

Electronic commerce is growing rapidly in popularity because of its high efficiency, convenience and low cost. However, E-businesses need more in-time and correct related information about customer in order to provide the service of specific aim on business process. The service of specific aim is very important for e-business to attract new customer and maintain steady customer. The recommendation method based on interest association rule in EC proposed in this thesis can predict the interest of customer according to the analysis the customer’s interest to do personalized recommendation. The recommendation method can improve recommendation level with the clear aim to get good effect.
Experimental Study on the Co-Firing Power Generation of Municipal Solid Waste and Biomass
Authors: Xie Hai Wei , Zhang Yan
Published: March 2013

Much attention has been paid to municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration power generation and biomass energy. The co-firing power generation tests of MSW and biomass were performed in a MSW incineration power plant in North China. Experimental results showed that the running efficiency of generator unit had achieved the optimum state when the blended ratio was 14% (w%); the concentration of fly ash decreased greatly, and the concentration of SO2 and NOX increased slightly. These contents can be referenced in the running of MSW incineration power plant and the using of biomass energy later.
Optimized Enzymatic Production of Waste Oil to Biodiesel
Authors: Zhang Xue Lin , Li Jun Jun , Tang Xiang Hua , Xie Zhen Rong , Huang Zun Xi
Published: March 2013

This study employed statistically based on experimental designs to optimize transesterification conditions for biodiesel production from waste oil via lipase-catalyzed in homoeothermy. Optimization of different reaction parameters were done by using response surface methodology. Results indicated optimum conditions including: alcohol to oil molar ratio 3:1, lipase concentration 58.38 U each gram of oil, water and n-hexane content were 24.59% and 13.28% respectively, reaction temperature at 20 °C , and reaction time for 24 h. Under these optimal conditions, 98.24% yield of biodiesel was obtained. This study will probably contribute to the development of continuous enzymatic processes, and maybe a suitable method for industrial production of biodiesel.
The Webpage Classification Research of Maximum Entropy Basing on Knowledge Tree
Authors: Jiang Zuo , Tong Li , Liao Hong Zhi , Zhao Na , Fu Zhi Tao
Published: March 2013

Webpage classifier is one of the most important technology in search engine. In this paper，the structural features of webpage have been analyzed. basing on the structure of knowledge Tree, Maximum Entropy Model is applied to the webpage classification. Compared with other approaches, the experimental results show our approach achieve to higher recall and precision.
A New Method of Denoising by Reserving Edges for SAR Image
Authors: Duan Lian Fei , Wei Chuan Ting , Wang Jing , Dai Yuan Wen
Published: March 2013

Aimed at the problem of image blur while denoising in SAR image, a new denoising method by reserving edges based on MSP-ROA operator is presented after analyzing the image edge detection. The SAR image edges are well reserved while denoising for combining denoising with the edge detection. Experiment results show that the method is feasible and effective.
The Comparative Study of Grain-Size Parameter Derived from Graphical and Moment Methods
Authors: Cui Gao Song , Liu Tao , Cui Yang
Published: March 2013

For boosting up the identification and enhancing the utilized effect of the grain-size parameters of sea sediments, the paper analyses the grain-size parameters derived from different methods. First of all, this paper expounds the connotation and sedimentology meaning of the grain-size parameters of sediments, and introduces two basic methods for calculating the grain-size parameter—graphical method and moment method. Aiming at the grain-size analyzing result of some shallow sea area sediments, calculates the grain-size parameter by graphical and moment methods separately, studies the correlation of the grain-size parameter results. At last, this paper analyses the matters of application for the grain-size parameters derived from different methods.
GPS Signal Acquisition Based on an Improved Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Shi Min , Tian Cong Cong , Yi Qing Ming
Published: March 2013

In order to solve the problem of GPS signal acquisition, an acquisition algorithm based on an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) is proposed in this paper. The IGA employs the technologies including the dynamic search range of parameter, the adaptive probabilities of crossover and mutation, and the small section method for generation of an initial population to search Doppler shift and code phase. Simulations and experiment results show that the proposed method can acquire the signal parameters precisely and rapidly. Consequently, the acquisition performance is improved.
The Construction of Informatization Performance Measurement Indicator System for Small-and-Medium Sized Enterprises
Authors: Zhang Jun Ling , Zhou Shu Yi
Published: March 2013

This paper tries to construct a five-dimensional informatization performance measurement indicator system on the basis of BSC and Performance Prism for small-and-medium sized enterprises and combined with AHP and Delphi method proposes the firm performance evaluation steps. in order to present a new approach to evaluate the small-and-medium sized enterprises.
Synthesis of Biodiesel from Castor Oil Catalyzed by Cesium Phosphotungstate with the Assistance of Microwave
Authors: Yuan Hong , Shu Qing
Published: March 2013

Two cesium phosphotungstate-derived solid acid catalysts (Cs2.5H0.5PW12 and Cs0.5H2.5PW12) were prepared. The resulting catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 adsorption and desorption isotherm and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia(NH3-TPD). The Cs2.5H0.5PW12 and Cs0.5H2.5PW12 were respectively used to catalyze the tranesterification of castor oil and methanol for the synthesis of biodiesel with the assistance of microwave. Results shown microwave radiation can greatly enhance the transesterification process when compared with conventional heating method. Cs2.5H0.5PW12 showed better catalyst performance than Cs0.5H2.5PW12. A maximum yield of 90% was obtained from the using of 30:1 molar ratio of methanol to castor oil and 15 wt % mass ratio of catalyst to castor oil at 343 K under microwave radiation after 4h.
Three-Dimensional Decomposition Models for Chinese Manufacturing Subsector over 1996-2008
Authors: Ma Ding , Wang Li Ning , Chen Wen Ying
Published: March 2013

At a time of increased international concern and negotiation for GHG emissions reduction, country studies on the underlying effects of GHG growth gain importance. China experienced continuous, rapid economic growth over the past. At the same time, energy consumption and CO2 emissions increased rapidly while the energy intensity and carbon intensity showed a downward trend at country level. What factors were driving this change What measures can be adopted to ensure the continual decrease of energy intensity and carbon intensity The refined IDA method is employed in this paper to identify the impact of each factor. A year-by-year decomposition is carried out at sector level, and various interesting results on the underlying effects are found. The results yield important hints for the planning of energy and climate policy.
Empirical Analysis of Operational Efficiency of China’s Telecommunication Industry: Based on DEA Approach
Authors: Qi Chang Jian , Lv Ting Jie
Published: March 2013

By combining the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, from the view of time and district, this paper carries out a dynamic evaluation of resource allocation efficiency of China’s telecommunication industry from 1973 to 2008. The results show that technical efficiency indicator and technological progress indicator are the major factors of resources allocation of China’s telecommunication industry. It analyzed and studied all previous reorganization and regulation effects to the telecom with the reference to the efficiency changes of the telecom industry. Based on the non-Archimedean infinite model C2R of the Data Envelopment Analysis, combined with characteristics of inputs and outputs of China’s telecommunication industry, the paper sets up an indicator system of inputs and outputs as well as an overall efficiency evaluation model China’s telecommunication industry.
On the New Model of School-Enterprise Cooperation Implemented by Industry Background Colleges and Universities - A Case of Shanghai Dianji University
Authors: Shen Gen Rong
Published: March 2013

With a case of Shanghai Dianji University, author analyzes the innovative ideas, patterns and mechanisms of school-enterprise cooperation Implemented by industry background colleges and universities in the socio-economic development and changes.
A Discussion on the ‘Engineering + Business’ Inter-Disciplinary Talents Cultivating Model - Taking Zhejiang University City College as an Example
Authors: Pan Ren Jun , Li Xiaoer
Published: March 2013

As the prosperous development of market economy has promoted the growth of business majors, the demand for business talents is increasing. However, the inter-disciplinary talents of economic management with the engineering background are more popular in the market. We are exploring a cultivating model of ‘Engineering + Business’ for the engineering undergraduate students in our college in order to optimize the source of students, improve the training quality and adapt to the socio-economic development.
Washington State Higher Education Coordinating Board's Functions and its Historical Value
Authors: Yang Gui Mei , He Zhen Hai
Published: March 2013

Washington State has a well-developed public higher education system which consists of three types of institutions, the Research Universities, the Comprehensive Universities, and the Community & technical College. These institutions constitute a public higher education system in the state structure. Washington actively explores public higher education in the field of state management, the establishment of a successful coordination mechanism to provide an institutional guarantee for the healthy and orderly development of the State Higher Education.
Multidimensional Scaling and Application in Traffic Jam Prediction
Authors: Wang Bin Hui , Cai Lin , Liu Ming
Published: March 2013

Many methods thus have been proposed to predict traffic conditions. However, it is difficult to accurately predict traffic jam, because it requires a wide range of knowledge such as statistics and informational technology. It is known that the probability of traffic jam can be evaluated by travel times of passing cars in a location of the motorway. In this paper, we restrict our attention to finding more efficient statistical methods through comparing models. For this reason, we used Multidimensional Scaling statistical methods to study the relationship between traffic conditions and travel time in different locations and times. This work aims at applying basic models to forecast traffic conditions.