bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are Semantic Annotators Able to Extract Relevant Complexity-Related Concepts from Clinical Notes?
Authors: Redjdal Akram , Bouaud Jacques , Gligorov Joseph , Séroussi Brigitte
Published: November 2021

Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) implementing cancer clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have the potential to improve the compliance of decisions made by multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTB) with CPGs. However, guideline-based CDSSs do not cover complex cases and need time for discussion. We propose to learn how to predict complex cancer cases prior to MTBs from breast cancer patient summaries (BCPSs) resuming clinical notes. BCPSs being unstructured natural language textual documents, we implemented four semantic annotators (ECMT, SIFR, cTAKES, and MetaMap) to assess whether complexity-related concepts could be extracted from clinical notes. On a sample of 24 BCPSs covering 35 complexity reasons, ECMT and MetaMap were the most efficient systems with a performance rate of 60% (21/35) and 49% (17/35), respectively. When using the four annotators in sequence, 69% of complexity reasons were extracted (24/35 reasons).
Research on internal network data security monitoring method based on NB-IoT
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Sha Jidong , Geng Rongna
Published: November 2021

In order to overcome the problems of poor data classification accuracy and effectiveness of traditional data monitoring methods, this paper designs a data security monitoring method based on narrow-band Internet of things. Firstly, the model of network data acquisition and sensor node’s optimal configuration is established to collect intranet data. Based on the analysis of data characteristics, dynamic intranet data analysis indexes are designed from three aspects: establishing security incident quantity index, establishing address entropy index and data diversion. According to the above-mentioned narrow-band data aggregation rate, the security index of the Internet of things is calculated to realize the security of monitoring data. The experimental results show that: whether the network attack exists or not, the accuracy rate of the method is always higher than 90%, the classification time is less than 4 s, and the energy consumption of monitoring process is always less than 150 J, which fully proves that the method achieves the design expectation.
The retrospective comparative analysis of physical development of middle school age children
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Moskviak N.V.
Published: November 2021

Objective: We determined the morphological indicators of 12-year-old schoolchildren in Lviv, established the differences between the anthropometric parameters of the children's population from other large cities of Ukraine, and assessed the trends in physical development changes over a long period. Materials and methods: According to the conventional methods of anthropometry, we examined 348 12-year-old schoolchildren (including 172 boys and 176 girls) studying at Lviv city general education institutions. Results: Gender peculiarities of morpho-functional development of 12-year-old schoolchildren in the large cities of Ukraine were revealed. They reflect the active endocrine remodeling of children, which is primarily inherent in the performance of girls. The values of individual anthropometric parameters, both among boys and girls, were determined to be significantly higher (p <0.05) than the National criteria (2013). At the same time, the height of Kyiv schoolgirls is smaller (p <0.05) against the national norms. During the analyzed period, pronounced accelerative processes were observed in the development of the 12-year-old children’s population in Kharkiv and Odessa, which indicates a certain dependence of the processes of growth and formation of the organism on the climatic and geographical conditions of habitat and the level of industrial development of the territory. The average statistical parameters of the basic indicators of physical development of Lviv schoolchildren are lower than the similar parameters of 12-year-old children in Poland. Conclusions: The obtained results of the study confirm our previous assumptions about the necessity to work out the regional standards for anthropometric indicators of middle age schoolchildren at the regional level and recommend to use them in the assessment of children's health by family doctors and pediatricians. In the future, it is planned to expand the list of major cities in Ukraine selected for our study, and increase the number of sample groups of 12-year-old schoolchildren, which will increase the level of statistical reliability of the results.
Features of the immune response of the organism of the experementel animals to the exposure of the detergents based on anionic surfactans designed for the care of children’s tableware
Authors:   State Institution ", Holichenkov O.M. ,   O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU",   , Kyiv, Hryhorenko L.Yu. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Kyiv, Stepanchuk S.V. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Kyiv, Domaratska Yu.S. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Kyiv, Liashenko 'V.I. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Kyiv, Maistrenko Z.Yu. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Kyiv
Published: November 2021

Objective: We assessed the impact of the detergents, based on anionic surfactants, for the care of the children’s tableware on the indicators of the immune system of the experimental animals. Materials and methods: The effect of aqueous solutions of Alionka, Karapuz, Ushastyi Nian, Frosch Baby detergents on the indicators of the immune system was performed in the experiment with guinea pigs during 21 days. We determined the number of T- and B-lymphocytes, the number of neutrophilic granulocytes and active phagocytes; studied the reaction of the precipitation of circulating immune complexes with a solution of polyethylene glycol 6000. We used the methods of statistical processing of the results of medico-biological research. Results: The obtained results showed that the epicutaneous impact of all studied detergents for the care of children’s tableware could cause the immunomodulatory effects in the organism of guinea pigs. Changes in the largest number of the indicators of the immune system, which affected all links, were observed when exposed to Ushastyi Nian detergent. The least pronounced changes of the immunity were observed when exposed to the Frosch Baby detergent and they concerned only the indices of nonspecific resistance of the organism. The revealed inhibition of the functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes, which was observed in animals of all experimental groups, may indicate a decrease in the protective functions of the organism of guinea pigs.
Determination of histamine in fish and fish products: validation of photometric method
Authors:   State Institution ", Kharchenko O.O. ,   O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU",   , Kyiv, Hulich M.P. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Kyiv, Yashchenko O.V. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Kyiv, Moiseienko I.Ye. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Kyiv, Liubarska L.C. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Kyiv
Published: November 2021

Topicality: The content of histamine in high concentrations causes a number of diseases that even lead to death, it is one of the indicators that characterizes the safety of fish and fish products. Therefore, the choice or development of a simple and inexpensive method for the determination of histamine content in fish and fish products is relevant. Objective: We confirmed the effectiveness of photometric method for the determination of histamine in fish and fish products by obtaining and analyzing validation characteristics. Results: Based on the results of validation, it has been substantiated and experimentally proved that the photometric method of quantitative determination of histamine can be correctly reproduced and is suitable for the quality control of measurements. The most acceptable results were obtained for histamine concentrations in the range from 50.0 ± 0.1 to 200.0 ± 0.5 mg/kg. The lower histamine concentrations are characterized by a higher percentage of total uncertainty, although it is also within acceptable values. Conclusions: Evaluation of the obtained validation characteristics indicates that this technique can be used to quantify the content of histamine in fish and fish products and is not inferior in accuracy and correctness to the method of high performance liquid chromatography.
Transmission of dipolar substituent effects: ionization of a series 3-(7-substituted-1-naphthyl) propynoic acid (E)-3-(7-substituted-1-naphthyl) propenoic acids and their Esterification with Diazodiphenylmethane
Authors: D. F. Ghadir Khalaf , Saadoon Mustafa Sameerah , Neamah Kadhim Ghaidaa , Ahmed Hasan Hadeel
Published: November 2021

Alkaline hydrolysis rates coefficients for the series of methyl 3-(7-substituted-1-naphthyl) propynoate was calculated in 70%v/v dimethylsulphoxide-water at various temperatures (25,30,40, and 50̊ C). The pKa values of 3-(7-substituted-1-naphthyl) propynoic acid and (E)- 3-(7-substituted-1-naphthyl) propenoic acid calculated in 80%w/w 2-methoxyethanol-water at room temperature (25.0̊ C). logk2 of esterification rate coefficients for 3-(7-substituted-1-naphthyl) propynioc acid and (E)-3(7-substituted-1-naphthyl) propenioc acid with DDM have been measured at 30.0̊ C. Reversed substituent dipolar effects were found in the ionization reaction. In the esterification reaction with DDM the result show similar but reduced substituted effects. Rate retardations was found in the alkaline hydrolysis. It could be result from steric effect or reversal of substituent dipolar effect with a combination of steric effect.
PEMBENTUKAN KONSEP DIRI SATUAN PASPAMPRES RI
Authors: Sormin Melani Kurniasih , Prisgunanto Ilham
Published: November 2021

The results showed that individual PASPAMPRES personnel have thoughts and self-assessment of quality and are superior, have a favorable opportunity for promotion compared to other unit personnel. This study aims to determine how the formation of self-concept in the personnel of the PASPAMPRES unit based on the situation and facts where PASPAMPRES is an elite unit containing selected and qualified soldiers who have certain skills and privileges to be able to carry out Presidential VVIP security duties. A strict personnel admission selection where not all TNI soldiers can pass and have the desired qualifications make PASPAMPRES personnel called superior and elected personnel. The reason this research was conducted was to find out how this situation had its own impact on the self-concept of the selected PASPAMPRES personnel. The theory used is the Symbolic Interactionism theory by George Herbert Mead, Self-Concept and Group Thought Theory. This research methodology uses a constructivism paradigm with a qualitative approach and data collection techniques using interviews. The focus of this research focuses on how the mind, self, and society as well as the climate of the PASPAMPRES unit can influence the formation of personnel self-concept.
Living Abroad During COVID-19
Authors: Thorson Allison R , Doohan Eve-Anne M , Clatterbuck Leah Z
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to better understand the uncertainties that international students faced and managed throughout COVID-19 and the impact these uncertainties had on their personal relationships. We conducted interviews with 14 international students and found that they were particularly uncertain about the health of their family members (RQ1a), their health (RQ1b), and where to wait out COVID-19 (RQ1c). Those uncertainties that could be navigated were managed via participants giving informational directives, providing instrumental support, making emotional appeals (RQ2a), engaging in new behaviors and self-care (RQ2b), and increasing communication with and withholding information from family members (RQ2c). Last, we found that COVID-19 impacted international students’ personal relationships in two distinct, positive, ways: they became closer with friends and connected more with family members (RQ3).  Overall, the findings from our study have implications for future research and offer suggestions for supporting international students during times of future uncertainty.
Early intervention of Autism Spectrum Disorder: translating research into practice
Authors: Kandasamy Preeti , Manohar Harshini
Published: November 2021

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, with increasing prevalence globally. Early intervention has been shown to improve the core deficits and result in a favorable outcome in children with ASD. Various interventional methods, novel mechanisms, and approaches are being widely researched. Though accelerating interventional research in ASD is observed globally, evidence from Indian setting is sparse. Given the uniqueness of cultural, socio-economic conditions, population statistics, existing health care and referral system, it is pivotal to develop and test interventional methods that are applicable and acceptable to the indigenous population. This paper reviews the currently available evidence-based treatment modalities in the Indian settings, with a specific focus on the behavioral interventions. Early diagnosis is seldom seen to translate into early intervention. In the background of the existing challenges, strategies to translate research into practice in terms of developing sustainable methods of service delivery, capacity building, training of trainers, need for liaison between experts and role of health care policy makers are discussed. Improving awareness among parents, medical professionals and stakeholders is the first step forward, towards translating research into practice.
Psychosocial issues of antenatal mother with COVID 19: A case report
Authors: S. Sudhakar , M. Nithya H. , P. Kannan P. , A. Balaji
Published: November 2021

We present a case report of an antenatal mother who was diagnosed with COVID- 19. The psycho-social stressors experienced by her and the psychological intervention provided to her through telephone have been documented. The importance of post discharge telephone support or tele-psychiatry during the pandemic is also elucidated in this paper.
Cultural Preservation of Panay Bukidnon-Halawodnons Amidst Emergent Society
Authors: Olapane Elias C. , Ricardo Lalaine E. , Azuelo Jenewel M.
Published: November 2021

Ethnic groups are known as minorities in any society. However, the richness of their culture can never be undermined, rather, it serves as defining stuff of history that is worthy of being upheld and preserved. This ethnographic study was specifically designed to investigate how the Panay Bukidnon-Halawodnons in barangay Agcalaga, Calinog, Iloilo, Philippines upheld their cultural society amidst the influence of the mainstream institutions in their community during the 1st quarter of 2019. The informants were chosen through purposive sampling on the basis of the inclusion criteria set before them. Permission from the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) and the cultural community was secured prior to the conduct of fieldwork in the said area. The researchers performed data triangulation and ground truths for the validity of data and observed data saturation for the reliability of the gathered data. NVivo 12 Plus was used for conceptual analysis while the researchers themselves did the analytic analysis. Barangay Agcalaga is generally on its midway progress. Being a cultural community, the Panay Bukidnon-Halawodnons in this place maintain their cultures such as Council of Elders, "binanog" dance, rituals in farming, house construction, circumcision, dagaan, luy-a luy-a, and batak-dungan; bayanihan; babaylan; and love of nature while their lost cultures include binukot; serenade (harana); traditional IP house; burial rites (embalming); dowry system; primitive costumes (bahag and patadyong).  The Philippine government is called to ratify the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention No. 169 or Convention 169 to fortify the cultures of the Indigenous Peoples not only in Calinog, Iloilo but also in the entire country.
Las ruinas de Belchite: de símbolo de la "barbarie roja" a monumento por la paz
Authors: Beso Ros Adria
Published: November 2021

La Batalla de Belchite (Zaragoza) fue una de las más cruentas de la Guerra Civil Española.  En 1939 se ordenó la conservación de las ruinas provocadas por la guerra, que fueron significadas como un símbolo de la "barbarie roja"en contraposición a un nuevo pueblo levantado como reflejo de un nuevo orden. En 1964 se abandonó definitivamente el pueblo viejo comenzó un proceso de degradación y expolio de sus ruinas acompañado de un nuevo discurso generado por los XXV años de paz que trataba de alejar la mirada a los dramas de la guerra y la postguerra. La llegada de la democracia acaba con la dictadura miltar y posibilita la revisión del relato histórico y una nueva recepción y resignificación de sus vestigios materiales.  De esta manera las ruinas del pueblo viejo de Belchite, desprovistas de su significado simbólico inicial, se han convertido en un monumento por la paz como fruto de una necesidad de recordar los desastres de la guerra para evitar que se repitan.
Efectos del mercado globalizado y nuevos proyectos logísticos para la región de Urabá, Colombia
Authors: Arango Gutiérrez Carlos Roberto , González José Luis , Vélez Moreno Ligia María
Published: November 2021

La región de Urabá, localizada en el extremo noroccidental de Colombia, sobre el mar Cribe y cerca de la frontera con Panamá, presenta unas ventajas de ubicación geográfica destacable, unida a una vocación industrial y agroindustrial importante. Lo anterior, en términos de conceptos logísticos de nodos y redes empresariales dan cuenta del potencial de competitividad para el acceso a mercados globales. Nuevos proyectos de infraestructura en materia portuaria y nuevas capacidades de acceso a la región le imprimen una dinámica muy superior a la que dicha región vivió a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Los efectos económicos, ambientales y sociales de cada uno de esos proyectos han sido analizados de manera independiente por varios autores, pero se requiere una validación de los efectos que representa la implementación simultánea.
Uso de plaquicidas en la agroindustria
Authors: Garcerán Pauline , Castillo Mónica
Published: November 2021

Para el control y eliminación de plagas en las producciones agrícolas, como práctica común a nivel mundial, se hace uso de plaguicidas, y la preocupación sobre el impacto de estas sustancias en cuanto a la salud humana aumenta. Si bien es cierto que estos agentes químicos han traído beneficios para el sector agrícola, existen evidencias que relacionan el creciente padecimiento de enfermedades crónicas, como diferentes tipos de cáncer o diabetes, con la exposición directa e indirecta a estos agrotóxicos.
     Se han tomado medidas internacionales en cuanto a la cantidad de residuos de plaguicidas presentes en los alimentos, además de la introducción de leyes y estándares para el correcto uso de plaguicidas, con el fin de disminuir sus efectos dañinos con relación a la salud humana, por el reporte de incidencia de intoxicaciones agudas en agricultores y usuarios de estas sustancias. Panamá, como productor del sector agro, presenta un alto consumo de estas sustancias, especialmente del ingrediente activo glifosato, últimamente causante de controversia a nivel mundial por evidencias que lo desestiman de su categoría de no peligro agudo, otorgado por la OMS.
La repercusión en el ambiente ha sido factor determinante para encontrar soluciones que respeten la utilización de los recursos naturales, sin disminuir la producción y mantener el control de las pestes. Para lograrlo, se introducen alternativas al uso de agroquímicos y métodos de conservación naturales, como la agricultura orgánica y el manejo integrado de plagas.
The Drama in the Sentence: Sequence as a Crucial Challenge for Literary Translation from and to Korean
Authors: Schirmer Andreas
Published: November 2021

In translation, carefully-crafted sentences are exposed to myriad dangers. This is because translators tend to prioritize syntactical fidelity at the expense of sequence, that is, the order of elements insofar as this relates to calculated progression, gradual disclosure of information, and cumulative development of meaning. But if sequence is turned around for the sake of fluency (conforming to the target language’s ostensibly “natural” word order), the reader’s experience changes as well. Through a set of examples drawn from English translations of Korean fiction, this article demonstrates that the common disregard for sequence is tantamount to a neglect of drama and suspense, of narrative perspectivation, of rhetorical sophistication and cognitive effect. But we also see that by favoring functional equivalence over imitation of grammatical dependencies, it is perfectly possible to allow the reader to process all information at a pace that is analogous to that of the original. Our findings provide insights that are of significance for other language pairings as well.
ІСТОРІЯ РОЗВИТКУ ТА ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ РОЗВІДУВАЛЬНИХ І РОЗВІДУВАЛЬНО-УДАРНИХ БЕЗПІЛОТНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ У ЗБРОЙНИХ КОНФЛІКТАХ СУЧАСНОСТІ
Authors: Туранський Микола Олександрович , Пулим Олександр Вікторович , Корольова Ольга Володимирівна
Published: November 2021

Безпілотні літальні апарати стали невід’ємною частиною сучасних воєн. В історичному аспекті проаналізовано досвід застосування безпілотних авіаційних комплексів (БпАК) під час збройних конфліктів наприкінці ХХ та на початку ХХІ ст. Докладно висвітлено роль безпілотних літальних апаратів у війнах на Близькому Сході, у районі Перської затоки, в Сирії, Афганістані. Показано, як за їх допомогою вирішувалися завдання військової розвідки. Розглянута революція у військовій тактиці збройної боротьби, конструктивні зміни безпілотників від війни у В’єтнамі до подій наших днів.

Аналіз локальних воєнних конфліктів останніх десятиріч, подій на Сході України, в Нагірному Карабаху доводить закономірність збільшення завдань, що виконують безпілотні літальні апарати. Привабливість сучасних БпАК для армії будь-якої країни обумовлена можливістю отримувати в масштабі реального часу розвідувальну інформацію, здійснювати нанесення ударів по противнику без участі людини. Наукову новизну роботи становить дослідження основних тенденцій подальшого розвитку та застосування безпілотної авіації, багатоцільового використання БпАК, їх інтеграції із засобами ураження.
ІСТОРИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНОГО ВИВЧЕННЯ І ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ДОСВІДУ У ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛАХ УКРАЇНИ У «МИРНИЙ ПЕРІОД» (1991 – 2014)
Authors: Пащук Юрій Михайлович
Published: November 2021

У статті досліджено історичні аспекти створення та функціонування Системи узагальнення і поширення досвіду Збройних Сил України у „мирний період” із моменту їх створення у грудні 1991 року по квітень 2014 року, коли розпочалася Антитерористична операція на сході нашої держави.Потреба у дослідженні історії організаційного вивчення та впровадження у Збройних Сил України та особливостей його функціонування зумовлена, насамперед тим, що, починаючи з січня 2019 року, у Збройних Силах України здійснюється формування перспективної Системи вивчення і впровадження досвіду на основі попередньої Системи узагальнення та поширення досвіду.Важливість і актуальність цього науково-практичного завдання визначається також тим, що на сьогодні в українській історіографії відсутні дослідження, присвячені вищезазначеному питанню.Стаття включає аналіз функціонування Системи узагальнення та поширення досвіду упродовж двох із трьох основних етапів свого становлення і розвитку відповідно до геополітичних змін і реформування Збройних Сил – етап „стагнація” (грудень 1991–травень 2013) та етап „реформування” (травень 2013 – квітень 2014).Розглянуто чотири основні компоненти Системи узагальнення та поширення досвіду: організаційна структура, формалізовані процедури, засоби та підготовка особового складу щодо узагальнення та поширення досвіду.Дослідження організаційного вивчення та впровадження у Збройних Сил України здійснювалося за двома головними напрямами: вивчення досвіду підготовки військ, зокрема досвіду військових навчань національного та міжнародного рівня; вивчення досвіду застосування українських контингентів у міжнародних операціях із підтримання миру і безпеки.На підставі цього аналізу зроблено висновок про низьку дієвість функціо-нування Системи узагальнення та поширення досвіду у вищезазначений „мирний період”. Одним із головних наслідків неефективності Системи було те, що у Збройних Силах України вельми повільно впроваджувалися новації за результатами вивчення як свого досвіду, так і досвіду інших держав. У резуль-таті чого не було проведено кардинальних реформ у Збройних Силах для їх адаптації до тодішнього стратегічного середовища, а українські війська (сили) не були готові до ведення сучасних швидкоплинних воєнних операцій (дій).
СТАНОВИЩЕ НАСЕЛЕННЯ ОСТРОЖЧИНИ В 1941–1944 РОКАХ
Authors: Трофимович Лілія Володимирівна , Швайко Тетяна Анатоліївна
Published: November 2021

У статті висвітлено повсякденне життя населення Острожчини у період німецької окупації (1941–1944 рр.). Простежено процес формування районної, міської та сільських управ, які становили невід’ємну частину гітлерівської адміністрації. Виокремлено функції української допоміжної поліції, охарактеризо­вано її особовий склад. З’ясовано економічну політику німецьких загарбників, в основі якої лежала нещадна експлуатація місцевого населення, котре, крім того, було позбавлене громадянських прав і свобод, страждало від дефіциту продовольства, інфляції, жахливих побутових умов тощо. Показано, що масові репресії, примусове вивезення острожан на роботи до Райху стали жахливим повсякденням. Проаналізований стан освіти, культури релігійного життя на Острожчині в умовах «нового порядку».
Goals as Emergent Autopoietic Processes
Authors: Veloz Tomas
Published: November 2021

While the phenomena of reaching a goal is generally represented in the framework of optimization, the phenomena of becoming of a goal is more similar to a “self-organization and emergent” rather than an “optimization and preexisting” process. In this article we provide a modeling framework for the former alternative by representing goals as emergent autopoietic structures. In order to conceptually situate our approach, we first review some of the most remarkable attempts to formally define emergence, and identify that in most cases such definitions rely on a preexisting system to be observed prior and post emergence, being thus inadequate for a formalization of emergent goals corresponding to the becoming of a systems as such (e.g. emergence of life). Next, we review how an implementation of the reaction networks framework, known as Chemical Organization Theory (COT), can be applied to formalize autopoietic structures, providing a basis to operationalize goals as an emergent process. We next revisit the definitions of emergence under the light of our approach, and demonstrate that recent taxonomies developed to classify different forms of emergence can be naturally deduced from recent work aimed to explain the kinds of changes of the organizational structure of a reaction network.
Notoginseng Triterpenes Inhibited Autophagy in Random Flaps via the Beclin-1/VPS34/LC3 Signaling Pathway to Improve Tissue Survival
Authors: Huang Zhiyang , Luo Xiaobin , Zhang Yifan , Ying Yibo , Cai Xiong , Lu Wenjie , Zhao Juan , Wang Yutian , Lin Wenwei , Tu Yurong , Xiang Ziyue , Wu Qiuji , Yang Shengwu , Zhu Sipin , Li Xiaoyang
Published: November 2021

Random flaps are widely used in tissue reconstruction, attributed to the lack of vascular axial limitation. Nevertheless, the distal end of the flap is prone to necrosis due to the lack of blood supply. Notoginseng triterpenes (NTs) are the active components extracted from Panax notoginseng, reducing oxygen consumption and improving the body’s tolerance to hypoxia. However, their role in random flap survival has not been elucidated. In this study, we used a mouse random skin flap model to verify that NT can promote cell proliferation and migration and that increasing blood perfusion can effectively improve the survival area of a skin flap. Our study also showed that the autophagy of random flaps after NT treatment was activated through the Beclin-1/VPS34/LC3 signaling pathway, and the therapeutic effect of NT significantly decreased after VPS34 IN inhibited autophagy. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that NT can significantly improve the survival rate of random flaps through the Beclin-1/VPS34/LC3 signaling pathway, suggesting that it might be a promising clinical treatment option.
Methylation and Expression of Mutant FUS in Motor Neurons Differentiated From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells From ALS Patients
Authors: Hartung T. , Rhein M. , Kalmbach N. , Thau-Habermann N. , Naujock M. , Müschen L. , Frieling H. , Sterneckert J. , Hermann A. , Wegner F. , Petri S.
Published: November 2021

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive disease leading to degeneration of motor neurons (MNs). Epigenetic modification of gene expression is increasingly recognized as potential disease mechanism. In the present study we generated motor neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells from ALS patients carrying a mutation in the fused in sarcoma gene (FUS) and analyzed expression and promoter methylation of the FUS gene and expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) compared to healthy control cell lines. While mutant FUS neural progenitor cells (NPCs) did not show a difference in FUS and DNMT expression compared to healthy controls, differentiated mutant FUS motor neurons showed significantly lower FUS expression, higher DNMT expression and higher methylation of the proximal FUS gene promoter. Immunofluorescence revealed perceived proximity of cytoplasmic FUS aggregates in ALS MNs together with 5-methylcytosin (5-mC). Targeting disturbed methylation in ALS may therefore restore transcriptional alterations and represent a novel therapeutic strategy.
Lipid Droplets Protect Aging Mitochondria and Thus Promote Lifespan in Yeast Cells
Authors: Kovacs Melanie , Geltinger Florian , Verwanger Thomas , Weiss Richard , Richter Klaus , Rinnerthaler Mark
Published: November 2021

Besides their role as a storage for neutral lipids and sterols, there is increasing evidence that lipid droplets (LDs) are involved in cellular detoxification. LDs are in close contact to a broad variety of organelles where protein- and lipid exchange is mediated. Mitochondria as a main driver of the aging process produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage several cellular components. LDs as highly dynamic organelles mediate a potent detoxification mechanism by taking up toxic lipids and proteins. A stimulation of LDs induced by the simultaneously overexpression of Lro1p and Dga1p (both encoding acyltransferases) prolongs the chronological as well as the replicative lifespan of yeast cells. The increased number of LDs reduces mitochondrial fragmentation as well as mitochondrial ROS production, both phenotypes that are signs of aging. Strains with an altered LD content or morphology as in the sei1∆ or lro1∆ mutant lead to a reduced replicative lifespan. In a yeast strain defective for the LON protease Pim1p, which showed an enhanced ROS production, increased doubling time and an altered mitochondrial morphology, a LRO1 overexpression resulted in a partially reversion of this “premature aging” phenotype.
Site-Specific Glycosylation Patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Derived From Recombinant Protein and Viral WA1 and D614G Strains
Authors: Tian Yuan , Parsons Lisa M. , Jankowska Ewa , Cipollo John F.
Published: November 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is heavily glycosylated, having 22 predicted N-glycosylation sites per monomer. It is also O-glycosylated, although the number of O-glycosites is less defined. Recent studies show that spike protein glycans play critical roles in viral entry and infection. The spike monomer has two subdomains, S1 and S2, and a receptor-binding domain (RBD) within the S1 domain. In this study, we have characterized the site-specific glycosylation patterns of the HEK293 recombinant spike RBD and S1 domains as well as the intact spike derived from the whole virus produced in Vero cells. The Vero cell-derived spike from the WA1 strain and a D614G variant was analyzed. All spike proteins, S1, and RBDs were analyzed using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and LC-MS/MS on an Orbitrap Eclipse Tribrid mass spectrometer. N-glycans identified in HEK293-derived S1 were structurally diverse. Those found in the HEK293-derived RBD were highly similar to those in HEK293 S1 where N-glycosites were shared. Comparison of the whole cell-derived WA1 and D614G spike proteins revealed that N-glycosites local to the mutation site appeared to be more readily detected, hinting that these sites are more exposed to glycosylation machinery. Moreover, recombinant HEK293-derived S1 was occupied almost completely with complex glycan, while both WA1 and D614G derived from the Vero E6 cell whole virus were predominantly high-mannose glycans. This stands in stark contrast to glycosylation patterns seen in both CHO- and HEK cell-derived recombinant S1, S2, and the whole spike previously reported. Concerning O-glycosylation, our analyses revealed that HEK293 recombinant proteins possessed a range of O-glycosites with compositions consistent with Core type 1 and 2 glycans. The O-glycosites shared between the S1 and RBD constructs, sites T323 and T523, were occupied by a similar range of Core 1 and 2 type O-glycans. Overall, this study reveals that the sample nature and cell substrate used for production of these proteins can have a dramatic impact on the glycosylation profile. SARS-CoV-2 spike glycans are associated with host ACE2 receptor interaction efficiency. Therefore, understanding such differences will serve to better understand these host–pathogen interactions and inform the choice of cell substrates to suite downstream investigations.
The Interaction of Cellulose Thin Films With Small Organic Molecules—Comparability of Two Inherently Different Methods
Authors: Hoffellner Lisa , Henögl Elias M. , Petschacher Patrick , Schennach Robert , Leitner Erich
Published: November 2021

Paper is the material of choice for a large range of applications because it has many favorable environmental and economic characteristics. Especially in the packaging sector of dry goods and food products, paper has found unique applications. For that purpose, it has to fulfill certain requirements: Primarily it should protect the packaged goods. In order to ensure the compliance of a paper packaging, its interactions with the packaged goods should be investigated. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand how the paper interacts with chemicals of different nature and what factors influence these interactions—be that the nature of the paper or the characteristics of the substances. In this study, we investigated the surface interactions of cellulose thin films with n-decane and deuterated methanol using two different analytical methods: headspace solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography and flame ionization detection (HS-SPME-GC/FID) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). Cellulose thin films were characterized with contact angle and FT-IR measurements and successfully applied as model systems for real paper samples. Regarding the interactions of the cellulose films with the model compounds, the two inherently different methods, HS-SPME-GC/FID and TPD, provide very comparable results. While the nonpolar n-decane was readily released from the cellulose films, the polar model compound deuterated methanol showed a strong interaction with the polar cellulose surface.
Electrochemical Biosensing Interface Based on Carbon Dots-Fe3O4 Nanomaterial for the Determination of Escherichia coli O157:H7
Authors: Lin Xiaofeng , Mei Yanqiu , He Chen , Luo Yan , Yang Min , Kuang Ying , Ma Xiaoming , Zhang Huifang , Huang Qitong
Published: November 2021

Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 can cause many food safety incidents, which seriously affect human health and economic development. Therefore, the sensitive, accurate, and rapid determination of E. coli O157:H7 is of great significance for preventing the outbreak and spread of foodborne diseases. In this study, a carbon dots-Fe3O4 nanomaterial (CDs-Fe3O4)-based sensitive electrochemical biosensor for E. coli O157:H7 detection was developed. The CDs have good electrical conductivity, and the surface of carbon dots contains abundant carboxyl groups, which can be used to immobilize probe DNA. Meanwhile, the CDs can be used as a reducing agent to prepare CDs-Fe3O4 nanomaterial. The Fe3O4 nanomaterial can improve the performance of the electrochemical biosensor; it also can realize the recovery of CDs-Fe3O4 due to its magnetism. As expected, the electrochemical biosensor has excellent specificity of E. coli O157:H7 among other bacteria. The electrochemical biosensor also exhibited good performance for detecting E. coli O157:H7 with the detection range of 10–108 CFU/ml, and the detection limit of this electrochemical biosensor was 6.88 CFU/ml (3S/N). Furthermore, this electrochemical biosensor was successfully used for monitoring E. coli O157:H7 in milk and water samples, indicating that this electrochemical biosensor has good application prospect. More importantly, this research can provide a new idea for the detection of other bacteria and viruses.
Osteogenic Property Regulation of Stem Cells by a Hydroxyapatite 3D-Hybrid Scaffold With Cancellous Bone Structure
Authors: Xia He , Dong Lun , Hao Min , Wei Yuan , Duan Jiazhi , Chen Xin , Yu Liyang , Li Haijun , Sang Yuanhua , Liu Hong
Published: November 2021

Cancellous bone plays an indispensable role in the skeletal system due to its various functions and high porosity. In this work, chitosan and hydroxyapatite nanowires (CS@HAP NWs) hybrid nanostructured scaffolds with suitable mechanical properties, high porosity and a fine porous structure were prepared to simulate the 3-dimensional structure of cancellous bone. The 3D-hybrid scaffolds promote cell adhesion and the migration of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) inside the scaffolds. The cavities in the scaffolds provide space for the hADSCs proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, the various contents of HAP and the induced mechanical property changes regulate the differentiation of hADSCs toward osteoblasts. Overall, cellular fate regulation of hADSCs via rationally engineered HAP-based hybrid scaffolds is a facile and effective approach for bone tissue engineering.
N-Acetylcysteine for Cardiac Protection During Coronary Artery Reperfusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Khan Sher Ali , Campbell Ashley M. , Lu Yingying , An Lingling , Alpert Joseph S. , Chen Qin M.
Published: November 2021

Coronary artery reperfusion is essential for the management of symptoms in the patients with myocardial ischemia. However, the benefit of reperfusion often comes at an expense of paradoxical injury, which contributes to the adverse events, and sometimes heart failure. Reperfusion is known to increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We address whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduces the ROS and alleviates reperfusion injury by improving the clinical outcomes. A literature search for the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was carried out in the five biomedical databases for testing the effects of NAC in patients undergoing coronary artery reperfusion by percutaneous coronary intervention, thrombolysis, or coronary artery bypass graft. Of 787 publications reviewed, 28 RCTs were identified, with a summary of 2,174 patients. A meta-analysis using the random effects model indicated that NAC administration during or prior to the reperfusion procedures resulted in a trend toward a reduction in the level of serum cardiac troponin (cTn) [95% CI, standardized mean difference (SMD) −0.80 (−1.75; 0.15), p = 0.088, n = 262 for control, 277 for NAC group], and in the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation [95% CI, relative risk (RR) 0.57 (0.30; 1.06), p = 0.071, n = 484 for control, 490 for NAC group]. The left ventricular ejection fraction or the measures of length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU) or in hospital displayed a positive trend that was not statistically significant. Among the nine trials that measured ROS, seven showed a correlation between the reduction of lipid peroxidation and improved clinical outcomes. These lines of evidence support the potential benefit of NAC as an adjuvant therapy for cardiac protection against reperfusion injury.
Arterial and Venous Thrombosis Complicated in COVID-19: A Retrospective Single Center Analysis in Japan
Authors: Oba Seiya , Hosoya Tadashi , Amamiya Miki , Mitsumura Takahiro , Kawata Daisuke , Sasaki Hirokazu , Kamiya Mari , Yamamoto Akio , Ando Takahiro , Shimada Sho , Shirai Tsuyoshi , Okamoto Tsukasa , Tateishi Tomoya , Endo Akira , Aiboshi Junichi , Nosaka Nobuyuki , Yamanouchi Hideo , Ugawa Toyomu , Nagaoka Eiki , Oi Keiji , Tao Susumu , Maejima Yasuhiro , Tanaka Yukie , Tanimoto Kousuke , Takeuchi Hiroaki , Tohda Shuji , Hirakawa Akihiro , Sasano Tetsuo , Arai Hirokuni , Otomo Yasuhiro , Miyazaki Yasunari , Yasuda Shinsuke
Published: November 2021

Background: Thrombosis is a characteristic complication in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since coagulopathy has been observed over the entire clinical course, thrombosis might be a clue to understanding the specific pathology in COVID-19. Currently, there is limited epidemiological data of COVID-19-associated thrombosis in the Japanese population and none regarding variant strains of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we elucidate the risk factors and the pattern of thrombosis in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: The patients consecutively admitted to Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital with COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern/interest (VOC/VOI) carrying the spike protein mutants E484K, N501Y, or L452R were identified by PCR-based analysis. All thrombotic events were diagnosed by clinical symptoms, ultrasonography, and/or radiological tests.

Results: Among the 516 patients, 32 patients experienced 42 thromboembolic events. Advanced age, severe respiratory conditions, and several abnormal laboratory markers were associated with the development of thrombosis. While thrombotic events occurred in 13% of the patients with a severe respiratory condition, those events still occurred in 2.5% of the patients who did not require oxygen therapy. Elevated D-dimer and ferritin levels on admission were independent risk factors of thrombosis (adjusted odds ratio 9.39 and 3.11, 95% confidence interval 2.08–42.3, and 1.06–9.17, respectively). Of the thrombotic events, 22 were venous, whereas 20 were arterial. While patients with thrombosis received anticoagulation and antiinflammatory therapies with a higher proportion, the mortality rate, organ dysfunctions, and bleeding complications in these patients were higher than those without thrombosis. The incidence of thrombosis in COVID-19 became less frequent over time, such as during the replacement of the earlier strains of SARS-CoV-2 by VOC/VOI and during increased use of anticoagulatory therapeutics.

Conclusion: This study elucidated that elevated D-dimer and ferritin levels are useful biomarkers of thrombosis in COVID-19 patients. The comparable incidence of arterial thrombosis with venous thrombosis and the development of thrombosis in less severe patients required further considerations for the management of Japanese patients with COVID-19. Further studies would be required to identify high-risk populations and establish appropriate interventions for thrombotic complications in COVID-19.
Anxiety and Cognition in Cre- Collagen Type II Sirt1 K/O Male Mice
Authors: Shtaif Biana , Hornfeld Shay Henry , Yackobovitch-Gavan Michal , Phillip Moshe , Gat-Yablonski Galia
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Using transgenic collagen type II-specific Sirt1 knockout (CKO) mice we studied the role of Sirt1 in nutritional induced catch up growth (CUG) and we found that these mice have a less organized growth plate and reduced efficiency of CUG. In addition, we noted that they weigh more than control (CTL) mice. Studying the reason for the increased weigh, we found differences in activity and brain function.

Methods

Several tests for behavior and activity were used: open field; elevated plus maze, Morris water maze, and home cage running wheels. The level of Glu- osteocalcin, known to connect bone and brain function, was measured by Elisa; brain Sirt1 was analyzed by western blot.

Results

We found that CKO mice had increased anxiety, with less spatial memory, learning capabilities and reduced activity in their home cages. No significant differences were found between CKO and CTL mice in Glu- osteocalcin levels; nor in the level of brain SIRT1.

Discussion/Conclusion

Using transgenic collagen type II-specific Sirt1 knockout (CKO) mice we found a close connection between linear growth and brain function. Using a collagen type II derived system we affected a central regulatory mechanism leading to hypo activity, increased anxiety, and slower learning, without affecting circadian period. As children with idiopathic short stature are more likely to have lower IQ, with substantial deficits in working memory than healthy controls, the results of the current study suggest that SIRT1 may be the underlying factor connecting growth and brain function.
Synergistic and Antagonistic Interactions Between Varroa destructor Mites and Neonicotinoid Insecticides in Male Apis mellifera Honey Bees
Authors: Bruckner Selina , Straub Lars , Neumann Peter , Williams Geoffrey R.
Published: November 2021

Pressures from multiple, sometimes interacting, stressors can have negative consequences to important ecosystem-service providing species like the western honey bee (Apis mellifera). The introduced parasite Varroa destructor and the neonicotinoid class of insecticides each represent important, nearly ubiquitous biotic and abiotic stressors to honey bees, respectively. Previous research demonstrated that they can synergistically interact to negatively affect non-reproductive honey bee female workers, but no data exist on how concurrent exposure may affect reproductive honey bee males (drones). This is important, given that the health of reproductive females (queens), possibly because of poor mating, is frequently cited as a major driver of honey bee colony loss. To address this, known age cohorts of drones were obtained from 12 honey bee colonies—seven were exposed to field-relevant concentrations of two neonicotinoids (4.5 ppb thiamethoxam and 1.5 ppb clothianidin) during development via supplementary pollen patties; five colonies received patties not spiked with neonicotinoids. Artificially emerged drones were assessed for natural V. destructor infestation, weighed, and then allocated to the following treatment groups: 1. Control, 2. V. destructor only, 3. Neonicotinoid only, and 4. Combined (both mites and neonicotinoid). Adult drones were maintained in laboratory cages alongside attendant workers (1 drone: 2 worker ratio) until they have reached sexual maturity after 14 days so sperm concentration and viability could be assessed. The data suggest that V. destructor and neonicotinoids interacted synergistically to negatively affect adult drone survival, but that they interacted antagonistically on emergence mass. Although sample sizes were too low to assess the effects of V. destructor and combined exposure on sperm quality, we observed no influence of neonicotinoids on sperm concentration or viability. Our findings highlight the diverse effects of concurrent exposure to stressors on honey bees, and suggest that V. destructor and neonicotinoids can severely affect the number of sexually mature adult drones available for mating.