bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proyecto educativo como fundamento para pensar la subjetividad política desde la cultura escolar
Authors: Mosquera Mosquera Carlos Enrique , Rodriguez Lozano María Nelsy
Published: June 2018

Para hablar del  Proyecto Educativo Institucional y la formación de la subjetividad política en el marco de los procesos formativos es necesario centrarse en tres categorías de análisis: desde las prácticas pedagógicas, donde se exige que estas sean contextualizadas  y rompan las fronteras de la profesionalización, la mera instrucción, la enseñanza sin sentido, la homogenización y la manía de la evaluación; desde el diálogo entre el macro-currículo  y el micro-currículo, donde se recomienda la aceptación de la diversidad epistemológica y procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje rizomáticos, donde las  práctica pedagógicas tienden  a darle respuesta a diferentes problemáticas que invaden la escuela.
Una mirada histórica y socio-ambiental para repensar y renombrar los conflictos entre comunidades étnicas del Alto Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Vélez-Torres Irene
Published: June 2018

Este artículo analiza la conflictividad entre comunidades étnicas del Alto Cauca y sugiere que, antes que diferencias radicales basadas en la identidad étnica o cultural, el origen de estos conflictos se relaciona con empobrecimiento histórico de las comunidades rurales, el despojo de bienes ambientales como la tierra y el oro, y las dificultades irresueltas de la gobernabilidad multicultural en Colombia. Se argumenta que los conflictos del Alto Cauca deben considerarse socio-ambientales y su radio de análisis debe ampliarse más allá de los habitantes rurales pobres hacia otros actores e intereses que median en el despojo de las comunidades étnicas.
Reconocimiento social del docente universitario: subjetividad agobiada, puja por el prestigio académico y reivindicación del acto educativo
Authors: Cuesta Moreno Óscar Julián
Published: June 2018

El reconocimiento docente es configurado desde esquemas de valoración social explícitos e implícitos. Los primeros determinan formas de ser-hacer alienados a los parámetros de la universidad mercantilizada, donde se compite por el prestigio académico. Los segundos operan en el acto pedagógico y esquemas de vigencia social relacionados con entramados afectivos. Las políticas para la educación superior, materializadas en los procesos de acreditación de alta calidad actuales, han incidido en la construcción de dicho reconocimiento de los docentes universitarios, así mismo, se han generado estrategias de resistencia de los docentes para lograr la trasformación de los parámetros de valoración que los subjetivizan como profesionales.
Valoración de la producción científica sobre el pensamiento crítico en los procesos cognitivos de la formación: una revisión desde la teoría de redes
Authors: Brand Monsalve Edinson G , Aristizabal Botero Carlos Andres , Ospina Rave Beatriz Elena
Published: June 2018

Se presenta una medición de la producción de conocimiento teórico y metodológico del Pensamiento Crítico (PC) en la educación bajo la metodología de Análisis de Redes, identificando las líneas y autores que más influyen en la producción existente y que son son retomados en la demás producción científica para redimensionar y generar nuevas definiciones, representando la corriente principal en la materia. Esta condición hace que estas líneas y autores sean de obligatoria revisión para realizar investigación sobre PC; por lo que este trabajo aporta una estructura de conocimiento que posibilita fundar actuales y futuras investigaciones y discusiones en la materia, así como un camino metodológico para la construcción de estados del arte basados en mediciones cienciométricas.
Desarrollo de habilidades para la vida en la prevención del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas: un enfoque crítico al modelo existente
Authors: Díaz-Alzate Magda Victoria , Mejía-Zapata Sandra Isabel
Published: June 2018

El modelo que ofrece la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, desde una perspectiva de salubridad y de productividad, es insuficiente para el desarrollo de estas habilidades como factor protector para la prevención de conductas como el consumo temprano de sustancias psicoactivas, toda vez que, según el análisis realizado de los relatos de los adolescentes participantes de la investigación, muestra que existe la percepción de que el modelo es asistencialista y limitado a la enseñanza de los conceptos; por tanto, se realiza un acercamiento crítico y se propone una mirada desde el enfoque de las capacidades de Martha Nussbaum.
Methods for estimating “Fuel poverty” in public administration and management systems
Authors: Pysar Nadiia , Chornii Viktoriia , Bandura Andriy , Khlobystov Yevgen
Published: June 2018

The Ukrainian energy market has been analyzed region-wise in terms of consumption of fuel and energy resources by household sector. Critical aspects of improving energy security have been reflected in the context of the use of energy resources. The principal directions of the socially responsible market economy system have been offered in the light of the country’s economic security in terms of overcoming “fuel poverty”. Cognitive features of the “fuel poverty” phenomenon have been defined. Mathematical modeling of the “fuel poverty” index has been carried out using the following approaches: “after fuel cost poverty”; energy expenditure above 10% of disposable income; the Low Income – High Costs, where households with relatively high energy costs and low income are emphasized. A model of the final calculation of household energy costs has been developed for the purpose of optimal management. The graphical abstract of the obtained “fuel poverty” index solutions has been presented, with the upper left corner – low income – high costs – serving as a critical zone. The block diagram of improving the socially responsible market economy system in the light of overcoming “fuel poverty” has been offered.
PRZYKŁADY ZASTOWANIA AUTOMATYCZNEGO PLANOWANIA LECZENIA W PRAKTYCE KLINICZNEJ ZAPREZENTOWANE PODCZAS KONFERENCJI ESTRO 35
Authors: Olmińska Maria
Published: June 2018

Celem pracy jest przedstawienie przykładów zastosowania automatycznego planowania leczenia w praktyce klinicznej, zaprezentowanych podczas konferencji ESTRO 35 w Turynie.
Radiobiologia: podstawowe modele matematyczne opisujące przeżywalność komórek
Authors: Suchorska Wiktoria M.
Published: June 2018

Krzywa przeżywalności komórek opisuje zależność pomiędzy dawką promieniowania jonizującego a liczbą komórek, które przeżyły. W przypadku nowotworów, które mają być wyeliminowane z organizmu konieczne jest zabicie komórek w rozumieniu definicji radiobiologicznej, tj. pozbawienie ich zdolności proliferacji, która odpowiada za rozprzestrzenianie się i wzrost agresywności. jakościowy opis krzywych przeżywalności komórek po działaniu promieniowania jonizującego jest stosunkowo prosty, jednak wyjaśnienie odpowiedzi biologicznej w kontekście zjawisk biofizycznych wymaga wprowadzenia modeli teoretycznych, które nie zawsze idealnie odzwierciedlają dane eksperymentalne. Celem niniejszej pracy jest opisanie najczęściej stosowanych modeli matematycznych opisujących kształt krzywej przeżywalności komórek ssaczych.
Epidemiologia nowotworu płuc w Polsce
Authors: Szlitkus Paulina Irena
Published: June 2018

The article deals with the problem of lung and pleural cancer. In order to understand the subject properly, it is important to start with how important the lungs are - they are a part of the system through which we can breathe. Unfortunately, the majority of lung tumors are malignant and are caused by mutations of respiratory epithelial cells. There are many factors that contribute to lung cancer. The most known and influential factor is smoking. In the European Union countries, one in five lung cancers is caused by smoking. Lung cancer is very specific because it can develop for a very long time without giving any symptoms and it's usually diagnosed at a late stage of the disease's advancement. The lack of early symptoms is the reason why screening for lung cancer is not carried out even though it is one of the most common tumors.Only epidemiological studies allow to broaden the scope of knowledge about cancers. It is thanks to them that many factors can be distinguished and understood as to which are responsible for the formation of all kinds of tumors. The incidence of lung cancer in Poland is very high, especially among men. Duration of survival after diagnosis of lung cancer varies according to gender. However, survival ratehas in creased in recent years.
Biomedical Applications of Lectins from Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Singh Senjam Sunil , Wong Jack Ho , Ng Tzi Bun , Singh Wayenbam Sobhachandra , Thangjam Robert
Published: June 2018

Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins of non-immune origin which have at least one noncatalytic
domain that bind reversibly to specific mono or oligosaccharides. Traditional Chinese Medicine
(TCM) involves a broad range of medicinal practices sharing common concepts which have been
developed in China and are based on a tradition of more than thousands of years. Plant materials which
are commonly used in TCM as a complementary or alternative for Western medical treatments contain a
considerable number of important lectins. These lectins have been reported to have various applications
and uses such as cancer treatment, glycoconjugate research, biomarker development, and others. Here,
we summarize the available literature related to lectins from TCM and recent trends in their potential
biomedical applications.
Chinese Medicine Protein and Peptide in Gene and Cell Therapy
Authors: Feng Yinlu , Yin Zifei , Zhang Daniel , Srivastava Arun , Ling Chen
Published: June 2018

The success of gene and cell therapy in clinic during the past two decades as well as our expanding ability to manipulate these biomaterials are leading to new therapeutic options for a wide range of inherited and acquired diseases. Combining conventional therapies with this emerging field is a promising strategy to treat those previously-thought untreatable diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has evolved for thousands of years in China and still plays an important role in human health. As part of the active ingredients of TCM, proteins and peptides have attracted long-term enthusiasm of researchers. More recently, they have been utilized in gene and cell therapy, resulting in promising novel strategies to treat both cancer and non-cancer diseases. This manuscript presents a critical review on this field, accompanied with perspectives on the challenges and new directions for future research in this emerging frontier.
Bioactive Proteins in Panax notoginseng Roots and Other Panax Species
Authors: Chan Yau Sang , Wong Jack Ho , Ng Tzi Bun
Published: June 2018

The genus Panax consists of a group of prized medicinal herbs. Major members of the Panax genus include P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, P. quinquefolius, and P. vietnamensis. They possess various bioactive constituents such as ginsenosides, saponins, polysaccharides and proteins. Many of them were reported to show beneficial effects on human health. Ginsenosides and saponins of ginsengs caught the sight of most researchers. Precise investigations revealed their roles on improvement of the functioning of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and other functions. In contrast, our knowledge of the bioactive Panax proteins is relatively limited. A number of proteins from P. ginseng, the most valuable member of Panax species, have been investigated and proved to be beneficial to our body. Meanwhile, a few bioactive P. notoginseng proteins, such as ribonucleases and antifungal proteins, have been characterized and reported. We summarize herein the proteins present in P. notoginseng that have been identified, and try to compare them with those from other Panax species with a similar structure or bioactivity, and conclude whether the proteins in P. notoginseng have any distinctive features.
Anti-Tumor Effects of Melittin and Its Potential Applications in Clinic
Authors: Lyu Can , Fang Fanfu , Li Bai
Published: June 2018

Melittin, a major component of bee venom, is a water-soluble toxic peptide of which a various biological effects have been identified to be useful in anti-tumor therapy. In addition, Melittin also has anti-parasitic, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, it is a very attractive therapeutic candidate for human diseases. However, melittin induces extensive hemolysis, a severe side effect that dampens its future development and clinical application. Thus, studies of melittin derivatives and new drug delivery systems have been conducted to explore approaches for optimizing the efficacy of this compound, while reducing its toxicity. A number of reviews have focused on each side, respectively. In this review, we summarize the research progress on the anti-tumor effects of melittin and its derivatives, and discuss its future potential clinical applications.
Research Progress of Bioactive Proteins from the Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms
Authors: Zhou Rong , Liu Zhao Kun , Zhang Ye Ni , Wong Jack Ho , Ng Tzi Bun , Liu Fang
Published: June 2018

For centuries, mushrooms have been widely used as traditional Chinese medicine in Asia. Apart from polysaccharides and some small-molecule components, such as flavones, polyphenols and terpenes, mushrooms produce a large number of pharmaceutically active proteins, which have become popular sources of natural antitumor, antimicrobial, immunoenhancing agents. These bioactive proteins include lectins, laccases, Ribosome Inactivating Proteins (RIPs), nucleases, and Fungal Immunomodulatory Proteins (FIPs). The review is to summarize the characterstics of structure and bioactivities involved in antitumor, antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial and immunoenhancing activities of proteins from edible mushrooms, to better understand their mechanisms, and to direct research.
Strategies for Continued Successful Treatment in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: An Overview of Switching Between Pharmacological Agents
Authors: Blesa Rafael , Toriyama Kazuhiro , Ueda Kengo , Knox Sean , Grossberg George
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, characterized
by a progressive decline in cognition and function. Current treatment options for AD include the
cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine, as well as the N-methyl-Daspartate
receptor antagonist memantine. Treatment guidelines recommend the use of ChEIs as the
standard of care first-line therapy. Several randomized clinical studies have demonstrated the benefits of
ChEIs on cognition, global function, behavior and activities of daily living. However, patients may fail
to achieve sustained clinical benefits from ChEIs due to lack/loss of efficacy and/or safety, tolerability
issues, and poor adherence to the treatment. The purpose of this review is to explore the strategies for
continued successful treatment in patients with AD.

Methods:

Literature search was performed for articles published in PubMed and MEDLINE, using prespecified
search terms. Articles were critically evaluated for inclusion based on their titles, abstracts, and
full text of the publication.

Results and Conclusion:

The findings of this review indicate that dose up-titration and switching between
ChEIs may help to improve response to ChEI treatment and also address issues such as lack/loss
of efficacy or safety/tolerability in patients with AD. However, well-designed studies are needed to provide
robust evidence.
Tau Positive Neurons Show Marked Mitochondrial Loss and Nuclear Degradation in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Wee Melissa , Chegini Fariba , Power John H.T. , Majd Shohreh
Published: June 2018

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology consists of intraneuronal neurofibrillary
tangles, made of hyperphosphorylated tau and extracellular accumulation of beta amyloid (Aβ) in Aβ
plaques. There is an extensive debate as to which pathology initiates and is responsible for cellular loss
in AD.

Methods:

Using confocal and light microscopy, post mortem brains from control and AD cases, an antibody
to SOD2 as a marker for mitochondria and an antibody to all forms of tau, we analyzed mitochondrial
density in tau positive neurons along with nuclear degradation by calculating the raw integrative
density.

Results:

Our findings showed an extensive staining of aggregated tau in cell bodies, dystrophic neurites
and neurofilaments in AD with minimal staining in control tissue, along with a marked decrease in mitochondria
in tau positive (tau+) neurons. The control or tau negative (tau-) neurons in AD contained an
even distribution of mitochondria, which was greatly diminished in tau+ neurons by 40%. There were no
significant differences between control and tau- neurons in AD. Tau+ neurons showed marked nuclear
degradation which appeared to progress with the extent of tau aggregation. The aggregated tau infiltrated
and appeared to break the nuclear envelope with progressively more DNA exiting the nucleus and
associating with the aggregated intracellular tau.

Conclusion:

We report that the mitochondrial decrease is likely due to a decrease in the protein synthesis
rather than a redistribution of mitochondria because of the decreased axonal transport. We suggest
that the decrease in mitochondria and nuclear degradation are key mechanisms for the neuronal loss seen
in AD.
GUT Microbiome-GUT Dysbiosis-Arterial Hypertension: New Horizons
Authors: Katsi Vasiliki , Didagelos Matthaios , Skevofilax Stamatios , Armenis Iakovos , Kartalis Athanasios , Vlachopoulos Charalambos , Karvounis Haralambos , Tousoulis Dimitrios
Published: June 2018

Arterial hypertension is a progressive cardiovascular syndrome arising from complex and interrelated etiologies. The human microbiome refers to the community of microorganisms that live in or on the human body. They influence human physiology by interfering in several processes such as providing nutrients and vitamins in Phase I and Phase II drug metabolism. The human gut microbiota is represented mainly by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and to a lesser degree by Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, with each individual harbouring at least 160 such species. Gut microbiota contributes to blood pressure homeostasis and the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension through production, modification, and degradation of a variety of microbial-derived bioactive metabolites. Animal studies and to a lesser degree human research has unmasked relative mechanisms, mainly through the effect of certain microbiome metabolites and their receptors, outlining this relationship. Interventions to utilize these pathways, with probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics and fecal microbiome transplantation have shown promising results. Personalized microbiome-based disease prediction and treatment responsiveness seem futuristic. Undoubtedly, a long way of experimental and clinical research should be pursued to elucidate this novel, intriguing and very promising horizon.
Thermostabilization of BSA in TMAO Water Mixtures by Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Adamo Arianna , Calabrò Emanuele , Magazù Salvatore
Published: June 2018

Background:

Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) is a small organic molecule derived from the metabolism of L-carnitine and choline after ingestion of animal food. TMAO has many functions such as electron acceptor, an osmolyte, stabilizer of macromolecules folding. It seems that TMAO plays an important role in nature but, in humans, it is a remnant of the evolution of the osmolyte system.

Objective:

The present paper is addressed on the study of thermal stability of hydrated Bovine Serum Albumins (BSA) in the presence of water and TMAO water solution by means of InfraRed spectroscopy. In particular, this work has investigated the protein amide I spectral regions, which is sensitive to protein secondary structure, and the intramolecular OH stretching region.

Methods:

The analysis has been performed by different approaches, namely by evaluating the Thermal Spectral Distance (SDT), the spectral shift (Δω), the spectral Fractal Dimension (FD) and the Wavelet Cross Correlation temperature variation (ΔTCXWT).

Results:

The obtained results revealed for BSA in TMAO, in respect to BSA, smaller values of SDT, Δω, FD and ΔTCXWT. Furthermore, the SDT, Δω and ΔTCXWT temperature trends to follow sigmoid trends that have been modeled by means of logistic functions; in all the above three cases BSA in TMAO shows a higher value of the inflection point temperature.

Conclusion:

These results can be interpreted by hypothesizing that TMAO influences the hydrogen bond network of water. In particular, the strengthening of the network intermolecular O-H interactions reduces the protein dynamic fluctuations and in turn leads to the stabilization of the protein tertiary structure.
Current Trends in Phyto-cancer Therapy Using Nanoparticles
Authors: Vohra K. , Dureja H. , Garg V. , Dutt R.
Published: June 2018

Background:

Cancer has been considered as a deadly disease and its appropriate management is still a global challenge. The traditional anticancer therapeutics have been able to combat the disease to some extent but with numerous adverse effects which affect the quality of life of patients.

Method:

The introduction of alternative medicines, especially herbal medicines, has attracted the scientists’ due to low toxicity and high efficacy associated with them. However, their poor solubility and bioavailability decrease their efficacy. This has led to the increased use of targeted drug delivery systems in phyto-cancer therapy.

Results:

Nanoparticles (NPs), a novel drug delivery system has been widely used in the recent years due to their various advantages such as drug targeting, improved solubility, and bioavailability, high efficacy, low toxicity towards normal cells, low drug resistance, high drug loading at tumor site, etc.

Conclusion:

These benefits have also been observed in studies evaluating phytonanotherapy in cancer. The present review highlights current trends followed by phyto-cancer therapy using NPs. The recent studies conducted on herbal NPs for cancer therapy have also been enlisted.
Enhanced Release Kinetics and Stability of Resveratrol Loaded Self Nanoemulsifying Delivery Systems Developed using Experimental Design
Authors: Sharma Monika , Garg Rajeev , Sardana Satish
Published: June 2018

Background:

Resveratrol is a member of the stilbene family emerged as a
leading candidate for improving healthspan through potentially slowing the aging process
and preventing chronic diseases. A number of institutions and scientists specialized in
this field across the world are working to develop a promising Self Emulsifying formulation
to enhance bioavailability of hydrophobic resveratrol using oil.

Objective:

The objective of the current study is to develop self-nano emulsifying drug
delivery systems using long-chain triglycerides of resveratrol to enhance solubility, stability,
release kinetics and to overcome low bioavailability.

Methods:

Solubility studies performed in different lipids, surfactants and cosurfactants.
Phase diagrams constructed to select the areas of nanoemulsion. SNEDDS formulation
was optimized using 33 central composite design considering lipid (X1), surfactant (X2)
and co-surfactant (X3) as critical variables, optimized formulation was located using overlay
plot.

Results:

The nanometer size and high values of zeta potential depicted non-coalescent nature
of SNEDDS. The resulted SNEDDS formulation had improved in vitro release followed
by Hixson Crowell model with higher regression R2value 0. 929. Thermodynamic
stability studies ascertained stable formulation. Mean droplet size in selected nanocarrier
was found to be 83.29 nm. The nanocarriers subjected to 2-8°C (45% RH), 25-30°C (60%
RH) and 45-50°C (75% RH) in glass vials exhibited no significant changes in 3 months.

Conclusion:

The novel approach was developed by selecting optimum blends of lipids,
surfactants and cosurfactant using central composite design. This study not only offers a
good example of augmenting bioavailability of resveratrol but will also provide a promising
oral formulation for clinical application.
Molecular Diagnosis of Fibro-osseous Lesions of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region: A Tale from Africa
Authors: Soyele Olujide O. , Adedapo Adeyinka H. , Adeola Henry A.
Published: June 2018

Fibro-osseous lesions (FOLs) are a poorly defined but pathologically diverse group of lesions affecting the craniofacial bones and jaw. They are mostly characterized by the replacement of bone by a benign connective tissue matrix, which may contain foci of mineralization in the form of woven bone or cementum-like round acellular intensely basophilic structures. These lesions, although diverse, often present similar clinico-pathological and radiographic features. This often leads to difficulty in diagnosis and management. Definitive diagnosis is often reached only by incisional or excisional biopsy in resource-limited settings. Epidemiologically, the incidence and prevalence of different FOLs have been variable depending on the region. Reports from Africa indicated that FOLs make up to 10% of all oral biopsies, while others have given lower figures. A good understanding of the pathogenetic mechanism for FOLs is important, and state of the art molecular approaches are bound to improve the diagnosis and delineation of various entities that fall under the FOL category. Not least, the classification and nomenclature of these lesions by the World Health Organization (WHO) have changed significantly over the years. Hence, we have presented in this review a robust discussion on the pathobiology, emerging molecular markers, diagnostic challenges, future perspectives and recent changes to the classification/nomenclature of FOLs by WHO. In addition, we also discussed the diagnostic bottlenecks encountered during diagnosis of FOL in Africa.
Programmatic Mapping to Estimate Size, Distribution, and Dynamics of Key Populations in Kosovo (Preprint)
Authors: Gexha Bunjaku Dafina , Deva Edona , Gashi Luljeta , Kaçaniku-Gunga Pranvera , Comins Carly A. , Emmanuel Faran
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

The burden of an HIV epidemic in Kosovo lies among the key populations (KPs) of female sex workers (FSWs), men who have sex with men (MSM), and people who inject drugs (PWIDs). The available interventions for KPs are fragmented and lack sufficient and appropriate granularity of information needed to develop large-scale outreach programs.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to estimate the size and distribution of these populations to create evidence for developing action plans for HIV prevention.

METHODS

The programmatic mapping approach was used to collect systematic information from key informants, including geographic and virtual locations in 26 municipalities of Kosovo between February to April 2016. In level 1, information was gathered about KPs’ numbers and locations through 1537 key informant interviews within each municipality. Level 2 involved validating these spots by conducting another 976 interviews with KPs congregating at those spots. Population size estimates were calculated for each spot, and finally a national-level estimate was developed, which was corrected for duplication and overlaps.

RESULTS

Of the estimated 6814 MSM (range: 6445 to 7117), nearly 4940 operate through the internet owing to the large stigma and discrimination against same-sex relationships. Geo-based MSM (who operate through physical spots) congregate at a few spots with large spot sizes (13.3 MSM/spot). Three-fourths of the MSM are distributed in 5 major municipalities. Fridays and Saturdays are the peak days of operation; however, the number only increases by 5%. A significant number are involved in sex work, that is, provide sex to other men for money. PWIDs are largely geo-based; 4973 (range: 3932 to 6015) PWIDs of the total number of 5819 (range: 4777 to 6860) visit geographical spots, with an average spot size of 7.1. In smaller municipalities, they mostly inject in residential locations. The numbers stay stable during the entire week, and there are no peak days. Of the 5037 (range: 4213 to 5860) FSWs, 20% use cell phones, whereas 10% use websites to connect with clients. The number increases by 25% on weekends, especially in larger municipalities where sex work is mostly concentrated. Other than a few street-based spots, most spots are establishments run by pimps, which is reflective of the highly institutionalized, structured, and organized FSW network.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides valuable information about the population size estimates as well as dynamics of each KP, which is the key to developing effective HIV prevention strategies. The information should be utilized to develop microplans and effectively provide HIV prevention services to various KPs.
Health-Related Online Information Seeking and Behavioral Outcomes: Fatalism and Self-Efficacy as Mediators
Authors: Go Eun , You Kyung Han
Published: June 2018

We explored the mediation effect of cognitive factors on the relationship between cancer-related online information seeking and cancer-preventative behaviors. Using data obtained from the National Cancer Institute's 2013 Health Information National Trends Survey (N = 2,896),
we performed structural equation modeling and demonstrated that online information seeking about cancer did not decrease users' cancer fatalism; however it elevated users' level of self-efficacy. Moreover, the findings show that cancer-related information seeking indirectly influenced cancer-preventative
behaviors via self-efficacy, and individuals' level of self-efficacy significantly mediated the association between fatalistic beliefs and cancer-preventative behaviors. The results call for attention to cognitive mediators in explaining the relationship between online information seeking
and related behaviors.
Expatriate Managers' Cross-Cultural Motivation and Host Country National Employees' Attitudes
Authors: Oh Hye , Lee Sangmin , Oh Se Hyung
Published: June 2018

We examined our assumption that expatriate managers' cross-cultural motivation is an important antecedent of host country national employees' organizational identification. We also explored our belief that tertius iungens-oriented coordination (i.e., management behavior that focuses
on building trust and cooperation between headquarters and subsidiaries) partially accounts for the impact of expatriate managers' cross-cultural motivation on host country national employees' organizational identification. Results of our analysis of multilevel data from 76 Korean expatriate
managers and 228 host country national employees working in Chinese subsidiaries, supported our hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Dispositional Optimism and Well-Being in College Students: Self-Efficacy as a Mediator
Authors: Yu Yulan , Luo Jun
Published: June 2018

We used the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Life Orientation Test Revised, and the Revised Oxford Happiness Scale to investigate the correlations among dispositional optimism, self-efficacy, and subjective well-being in 2,578 college students. The results showed that self-efficacy,
dispositional optimism, and well-being were significantly positively correlated with one another. In addition, the influence of dispositional optimism on subjective well-being was partially mediated by self-efficacy, with the mediating effect accounting for 31.6% of the total effect.
Emotional Intelligence and Subjective Well-Being: Altruistic Behavior as a Mediator
Authors: Huang Jiatao , Shi Hongbo , Liu Wei
Published: June 2018

Although an increasing number of studies shed light on the relationship between emotional intelligence and subjective well-being, little is yet known of the mediating effect of altruistic behavior in this relationship. We examined the relationships among emotional intelligence, altruistic
behavior, and subjective well-being. Using structural equation modeling, we conducted an empirical test based on survey data obtained from 412 undergraduates in 2 South China universities. The results showed that emotional intelligence and altruistic behavior led to subjective well-being.
In addition, altruistic behavior partially mediated the relationship between emotional intelligence and subjective well-being. Our findings support the application of an altruistic behavior perspective to gaining a better understanding of the mechanism by which emotional intelligence influences
subjective well-being.
Chinese University Students' Loneliness and Generalized Pathological Internet Use: A Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Analysis
Authors: Jia Zhe , Wang Yingying , Yang Yujuan , Yang Lijun
Published: June 2018

We examined the reciprocal relationship between loneliness and generalized pathological Internet use (GPIU) with a sample of 361 (141 men and 220 women, Mage = 18.47 years) university freshmen in China. A fully cross-lagged panel design was used, in which loneliness
and GPIU were assessed at 3 time points. The results were as follows: (a) GPIU had a higher level of stability than did loneliness, and (b) the relationship between loneliness and GPIU was dynamic and bidirectional. Specifically, loneliness positively predicted GPIU across time, GPIU at Time
2 (3 months after initial measurement) positively predicted loneliness at Time 3 (6 months after initial measurement), and the link between baseline loneliness and Time 3 loneliness was mediated by increased GPIU at Time 2. Our findings have implications for the treatment and prevention of
GPIU in university freshmen.
Avaliação do perfil hidrolítico in vitro e atividade anti proteolítica da fitase produzida por Aspergillus niger em rações de aves e suínos
Authors: Nascimento Júlio César
Published: June 2018

Phytic acid is the largest form of phosphorus storage in plant seeds and is present as a large part of the organic phosphorus found in soil. However, phytate cannot be directly used by plants and some non-ruminant animals, such as pigs, birds and fish. Phytases form a class of phosphatase enzymes that have the activity of hydrolyzing phytate and releasing the orthophosphate ions bound to phytate estrus. Aqueous two-phase system is a method of extraction and purification, which is being considered an effective alternative in reducing steps of the purification processes. The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of pre-purified enzyme extract and post-purified extract on PEG / citrate SDFA on hydrolysis of phytic acid in commercial poultry and pork feeds, as well as to study the anti-proteolytic activity of the enzyme action of pepsin and trypsin. It is observed that the pre-purified enzyme was inhibited at phosphorus concentrations of 6 μmol of PO4-2, however the phytase after purified in PEG / citrate SDFA was inhibited at a lower phosphorus concentration than the pre-purified one. The enzymatic treatment of commercial poultry and pork rations using phytase from A. niger var. phoenicis URM 4924 was very promising, as it proved to be efficient in the phytate hydrolysis, releasing approximately 6 μmol of PO4-2, however with 4 U / mL of enzyme in 8 minutes of incubation. Phytase produced by A. niger var. phoenicis URM 4924 showed good performance in proteolytic resistance, as well as in phytate hydrolysis in commercial poultry and pork feeds, essential biochemical characteristics for an enzyme with potential industrial application.
Prejuízos econômicos por condenação de vísceras vermelhas de suínos abatidos em Santa Catarina
Authors: Bretas Anilce , Bretas Anilce de Araújo , Perdoncini Gustavo , Willemann Micheli
Published: June 2018

The present work has as objective, with data collected in 11 properties that provide a refrigerator of Santa Catarina. A total of 2.691 pigs slaughtered in 2016 were analyzed as the main causes of condemnation of red or edible viscera in slaughter. Encephalic pneumonia 52.08%, blood aspiration 20.28%, fluid aspiration 17.01%, pleural adhesion 3.04%, pulmonary atelectasis 0.89%, pulmonary emphysema 0.18%, pulmonary abscess 0.26%, pleuropneumonia 2.52%, Ascaris suum lesion 16.05%, perihepatitis 1.89%, cirrhosis 3.04% and pericarditis 6.91%. As main condemnations for enzootic pneumonia, blood aspiration, Ascaris suum injury and pericarditis. During the inspection as lesions can be disclosed of different factors, associated with precarious management, absent from a vaccination program and biosafety errors in properties, associated with poor management. In view of this, a reduction in the prevalence of injuries that culminate in condemnation of carcasses can be minimized by training employees to minimize economic losses in industry and to pig producers with strict sanitary control on farms.
OPTIMAL VOLTAGE PROFILE FOR HEMISPHERICAL DEFLECTOR ENERGY ANALYZERS USING GENETIC ALGORITHM
Authors: IŞIK Nimet
Published: June 2018

In this study, the genetic algorithm (GA) method
is used to optimize the hemispherical deflector analyzer, which can analyze
according to the energies of charged particles. The GA inspired by evolutionary
codes consists of the population of individuals. At each step, the GA, selects
the population individuals as parents and uses them to produce children for the
next generation. Thus throughout generations, the population evolves to an
optimal solution. The purpose of this study is to achieve the best voltage
profile for the 180° hemispherical energy analyzers through the voltage
equations of the energy analyzer. The best voltage values ​​for the 180˚
hemispherical deflector analyzer, which is the most used analyzer in
experimental studies, are found with high accuracy in this study. Optimization
of a complex electron optical system, such as an analyzer system with a GA, has
been achieved using voltage equations and has been found to work very well
given the difficulty of the problem. In contrast to other techniques in the
literature, the best voltage profile is obtained in a short time by means of
the proposed GA method.
SYNTHESIS AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE NOVEL Ho(5-SSA), (5-SSA = 5-SULFOSALICYLIC ACID) CAGE STRUCTURE
Authors: DÖNMEZ Adem
Published: June 2018

In recent years,
intensive studies have been made on metal-organic
frameworks (MOFs) which is kind of spongy structures having excellent original
architectures formed by ligands in organic forms and metal centers classified
as binders. The main reason for this condensation is due to the great huge potential for such materials to be
used in many technological application areas such as sensors, gas storage,
photo-catalysis, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), solar cells (SCs) and
luminescent emitting devices. The properties of the metal-organic frameworks
depend on the selected organic ligands and metal ions. Therefore, new research
and technology development (R-T-G) fields can be discovered with these
materials that can be originally synthesized. In this work, Ho(III)-based metal-organic framework (Ho-MOF; [Ho(5-SSA)],
5-SSA = 5-sulfosalicylic acid) was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The
structural characterization has been made
by powder X-ray diffraction, a room
temperature solid-state UV and FT-IR spectroscopy.
In addition, the solid-state
photoluminescence measurements have been taken at room temperature in the UV-visible and near-infrared
region (NIR) and the energy transfer mechanism from 5-SSA ligand to the Ho+3
ion is investigated in detail. Under the excitation of UV light (at 349 nm), 5-SSA ligand exhibited a
broad navy-blue emission while its Ho-MOF complex exhibited several
characteristic emissions of the Ho+3 ion in the UV-Visible and NIR
region. The excellent luminescent performances make this compound very good
candidate for efficient luminescence materials.
Use of semiempirical quantum chemical approaches in computation of molecular dipole moments of tropones and tropolones
Authors: Pankratov Alexei
Published: June 2018

Using the MNDO, AM1 and PM3 methods, the dipole moments (m) of 28 tropones
and 34 tropolones molecules have been computed. The potentials of the above
approaches for the evaluation of m have been revealed. The correlations
mexper = bmtheor have been established.
Characterization and carbon monoxide oxidation activity of La1.ySryCr1.xRuxO3 perovskites
Authors: Terlecki-Baricevic A. , Petrovic S. , Jovanovic D. , Karanovic Lj. , Marinova C.
Published: June 2018

The oxidation of CO over La1-y Sr y Cr1-xRuxO3 perovskite type oxides with
y=0.3 and 0 ?x ?0.100 have been studied. X-ray fluorescence analysis
confirmed that content of elements in the bulk corresponds to the
established nominal perovskite stoichiometry, indicating that no significant
oxidation of ruthenium into volatile polyvalent oxides with their
consequented escape from the sample occurred in air up to the temperature of
1000?C. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, all sampls achieved the
perovskite hexagonal with the presence of some SrCrO4. X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy analysis of ruthenium samples shows higher Ru and Sr surface
concentrations than in the bulk. The binding energy for Ru3p is virtually
the same in all samples and consistent with that of Ru 4+ (463.6.464.3eV).
Kinetic studies were performed in a differential recycle reactor with a
recycling ratio 80. The results show that substitution of Ru 4+ for Cr 3+ in
La1-y Sr y CrO3 leads to a significant increase in both the activity and the
activation energy. The global CO oxidation rate, referred on the BET surface
area, correlates with the surface Ru 4+ atomic concentration. Hence, the
activity reflect the surface enrichment in ruthenium. Moreover, an identical
apparent activation energy E = 93 kJ/mol and the same specific rate per
ruthenium surface ion were obtained for samples with a Ru content x ? 0.05
suggest that exposed Ru 4+ ions mainly participate in the reaction.
Complexes of light lanthanides with 2,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid
Authors: Ferenc Wieslawa , Walków-Dziewulska Agnieszka
Published: June 2018

The complexes of light lanthanides with 2,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid of the
formula: Ln(C9H9O4)3.nH2O where Ln = La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III),
Sm(III), Eu(III), Gd(IIII), and n = 3 for La(III), Gd(III), n = 2 for
Sm(III), Eu(III), and n = 0 for Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III) have been
synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy,
thermogravimetric studies and X-ray diffraction measurements. The complexes
have colours typical for Ln 3+ ions (La, Ce, Eu, Gd-white, Sm-cream,
Pr-green, Nd-violet). The carboxylate group in these complexes is a
symmetrical, bidentate, chelating ligand. They are crystalline compounds
characterized by various symmetry. On heating in air to 1273 K the
2,4-dimethoxybenzoates of the light lanthanides decompose in various ways.
The hydrated complexes decompose in two or three steps while those of
anhydrous ones only in one or two. The trihydrate of lanthanum
2,4-dimethoxybenzoate first dehydrates to form the anhydrous salt, which
then decomposes to La2O3 via the intermediate formation of La2O2CO3. The
hydrates of Sm(III), Eu(III), Gd(III) decompose in two stages. First, they
dehydrate forming the anhydrous salts, which then decompose directly to the
oxides of the respective metals. The anhydrous complexes of Ce(III), Pr(III)
decompose in one step, while that of Nd(III) in two. The solubilities of the
2,4-dimethoxybenzoates of the light lanthanides in water and ethanol at 293
K are in the order of: 10 -3 mol dm -3 and 10 -4.10 -3 mol dm-3,
respectively.
A spectrophotometric study of the protonation processes of some N-[1-(benzimidazol)-1-yl]methylbenzamide derivatives
Authors: Perisic-Janjic Nada , Janjic Jevrem , Lazarevic Marija
Published: June 2018

The protonation of N-[1-(benzimidazol)-1-yl]methylbenzamide derivatives in
aqueous acids (H2SO4) media was investigated, using a spectrophotometric
method. The investigated compounds have two protonation processes. The first
protonation process occurs in weakly acidic aqueous solutions (pH range) and
refers to the protonation of the benzimidazole part of the molecule. The
second protonation process occurs in concentrated sulfuric acid solutions
and refers to protonation of the amide group. The protonation constants of the
second process were calculated by the Hammett and Cox-Yates method. The
effect of chemical structure on the ionisation constants is discussed. A
correlation between the protonation constants and antimicrobial activity was
established.
Electroreduction of cefetamet on mercury platinum and gold electrodes
Authors: Avramov-Ivic M. , Kapetanovic V. , Aleksic M. , Zuman P.
Published: June 2018

The electroreduction of cefetamet (CEF) using gold and platinum electrodes
has been investigated in slightly alkaline medium (pH 8.40) where
adsorption, previously observed at mercury electrode, was pronounced. This
investigation was performed in order to determine whether the adsorption
interfers with the reduction process even at solid electrodes and to compare
with a mercury electrode.
The properties of chromium electrodeposited with programmed currents. Part II. Reversing current
Authors: Petrovic Bisenija , Kostic Tanja
Published: June 2018

The electrodeposition of chromium in programmed reversing current (RC), was
investigated in the regime of high cathodic current density (77 A dm -2)
and anodic current density (55 Adm -2). The ratio of the cathodic and
anodic time (60 : 1) was used. Chromium was deposed on a steel substrate
from a chromic-sulphuric acid solution, during one hour. Anode and cathode
were suited in a system of parallel plates. Basic properties of deposits,
like thickness, morphology, microhardness, brightness were examined. Surface
distribution of the deposits was obtained from the measurements of the
thicknesses of the deposits (between 32 and 67 mm).A ferromagnetic
non-destructive method was used in the measurements. Based on the results,
graphic models of deposit surface distribution were made. Two ranges of the
thickness could be seen on the model (range 1 - average thickness 35.1 mm
and range 2 - average thickness 57.81 mm). These results were statisticaly
analysed by colums, rows and by the whole surface. For the whole specimens,
the average thickness was 45.39 mm with a coefficient of variation of
0.2582. The basic properties of the deposits did not change with a variation
of the thickness. Because of this, the coatings deposited with the reversing
current could be much more considered reliable in wear and corrosion
protection systems than ones deposited by direct current.
Corrosion behaviour of an AlZnSnSrGa alloy in aqueous solutions of NaCl and Na2So4
Authors: Zivkovic P. , Pjescic J. , Mentus S.
Published: June 2018

The alloy composed of Al(95.53%), Zn(2.85%), Sn(0.515%), Ga(0.1%) and
Sr(0.009%), with the weight percents in the parentheses, was prepared by
melting, using Al(99.84%), a product of the Aluminium Plant-Podgorica, as the
base material. The corrosion behaviour of this alloy was tested in relation
to the behaviour of the base metals, by both open curcuit potential and
polarization resistance methods, in aqueous solutions of both NaCl and
Na2SO4, the concentration of which varied within the range 0.00051 - 0.51 mol
dm -3. Over the whole salt concentration ranges, the corrosion parameters
indicate that the corrosion rate of the alloy is significantly higher than
the rate of the base material. For instance, for the concentration range
0.00051 - 0.51 mol dm -3 , the stationary open circuit potentials, related to
SCE, in NaCl solutions were - 1.200 to - 1.460 V for the alloy and - 0.693 to
- 0.920 V for Al, while in Na2SO4 solutions, the stationary open circuit
potentials were - 1.190 to - 1.465V for the alloy and - 0.780 to - 0.860V for
Al. At the same time, the corrosion current density in NaCl solutions varied
within 11-89 mA cm -2 for the alloy and 0.35 - 0.80 for Al, while in Na2SO4
solutions it amounted to 5.7.52 mA cm -2 for the alloy and 0.28 - 0.88 mA cm
-2 for Al.
The synthesis of some unsaturated 4-substituted-g-lactones
Authors: Husinec Suren , Savic Vladimir
Published: June 2018

The synthesis of conjugated and nonconjugated unsaturated 4-substituted
lactones of type 1 and 2 are described. The type 1 lactone was prepared by a
two step procedure employing Bredereck's reagent. The type 2 lactone was
synthesised by combining the Claisen-Ireland rearrangement and
selenolactonisation.