bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smart trash bin level monitoring system
Authors: Malathy N. , Kaviyaadharshani D. , Ashifa S.
Published: May 2022

Solid waste management is still a big issue in cities, causing considerable health and environmental problems. Trash cans are strategically distributed across the city to handle solid waste. These containers have the potential to overflow, contaminating the environment and creating trouble for people. A real-time remote monitoring system that informs a waste management firm or the relevant authorities of the level of rubbish in trash bins is required. The proposed system describes the creation and validation of a self-powered, LoRaIoT-enabled Smart Trash Bin Level Monitoring System for effective solid waste management (IoT-STBLMS). Smart Trash Bin Level Measurement Unit (STBLMU) monitors the unfilled level and geographical position of a trash bin, then analyses and communicates the data to a cloud platform using the MQTT protocol. A dashboard allows users to examine and evaluate the status of each bin as well as its geo-location. The designed system's accuracy, average current consumption and life expectancy, battery charging time, and cost were investigated and published here.
Perspective of nursing students regarding professional services and career
Authors: Raj Nirmal E. V. , Damor Bhagvati , Damor Jaydeep , Darji Roshni , Dhabe Pratibha
Published: May 2022

Purpose of the study was to aseess the Perspective of student nurses towards professional services and Career. This study was done among 88 nursing scholars in selected nursing colleges of Vadodara district, Gujarat, India. About 20.45% of all the selected students were well aware of their profession. The remaining 79.55% of students stands comparatively less aware about their profession. 53.40% of students showed a positive attitude towards the profession.
Exploring intentional and motivational drives that reassure entrepreneurs in business sustainment
Authors: Kumaran Senthil N. , Nandhini M.
Published: May 2022

Exploratory study among entrepreneurs was conducted to reveal their present and future intentions and other motivational drives that make them to sustain their business in long-term. A survey was done among 174 entrepreneurs from retail, manufacturing and service sectors in Virudhunagar District. Structured questionnaire was used to get their opinion on variables like: Behaviour control, Risk tolerance, Attitude towards self-employment, Immediate Term Intentions and Future Intentions to sustain their business. The opinion on their level of the entrepreneurial capacities is also obtained to measure and compare their intentions to sustain the business. It is impressive to know that most of the entrepreneurs have started their business with greater intention to earn more profit and with less intention to create a social impact. 82 per cent of the entrepreneurs never thought of giving-up even when they faced challenges in their business. Cronbach Alpha tests revealed a high level of integrity among the independent variables used for the study. Correlation tests were used to identify relationships among demographic profile of the entrepreneurs and the intention and motivation drive factors. It is identified that entrepreneurs start their career with the motivation to maintain their societal status.
Research on Regional Economic Differences in the Yangtze River Delta Based on Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Haozhi , Gao Fangli
Published: May 2022

The reasons for the differences in economic development in the Yangtze River Delta region are complex and diverse, and are of great research significance. This project uses exploratory spatial data analysis to explore economic differences in the Yangtze River Delta region. First, the per capita GDP data of 41 prefecture-level cities in 4 provincial-level administrative regions in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2003 to 2020 was used to represent the economic development level of each region, and the Theil index was calculated; The differences in economic development in the delta region; finally, it provides suggestions for the in-depth development of economic integration in the Yangtze River Delta region, so as to narrow the economic development gap in the Yangtze River Delta region, promote economic stability and progress, and achieve a higher degree of development.
A note on Graphidaceous Lichens from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh K. , Swarnalatha G.
Published: May 2022

The paper records 61 species of Graphidaceous lichens from Arunachal Pradesh. Of these 3 species viz. Graphis crebra Vain., G. daintreensis (A.W. Archer) A.W. Archer and G. dimidiata Vain. are discovered as new records for India and 36 species marked by an asterisk (*) are new reports for the state of Arunachal Pradesh. Each species is enumerated by its valid name, habit, frequency of occurrence in the area and distribution in India.
Presence of Microplastics and Organic Pollutants in Bangladesh's Freshwater Environment: A Review
Authors: Roy Nirmal Chandra , Akhter Kazi Rabeya
Published: May 2022

Water pollution is an alarming concern in developing nations like Bangladesh, where the majority of people rely on water resources both directly and indirectly. Microplastics (MP) and organic pollutants (OP) have a synergistic effect on the aquatic ecosystem due to the bioaccumulation process. This review determines the most influential aspects of MP and organic pollutants on freshwater environments, which serve as sites of accumulation and habitat for biota, which are important components of food webs and play a critical role in resource management, but are still underplayed. Debris in the environment and improper waste management have harmed ecosystems all over the world. Because MP plays the role of a vector for carrying organic pollutants towards the aquatic environment. These pose a global danger due to their extensive distribution in aquatic habitats and the possible consequences of their ecotoxicological impacts. The study is based on a global critical evaluation of current literature that included 40 research articles, as well as 24 global viewpoints and 16 Bangladesh perspectives (freshwater 2, marine 8, review 4, and other 2 papers). The result showed that very few research has been conducted in Bangladesh and there is no different from the rest of the world. However, there has been a tiny but continuous effort to quantify the amount of MP and OP’s garbage and its repercussions. It has been observed that a high amount of old plastic and organic pollutants is mistreated in Bangladesh, posing a serious environmental and human health risk. Empirical research have been conducted to determine the presence and effects of MPs and OPs in the marine environment. However, the study's aim is to inspire researchers to conduct in-depth investigations into plastic pollution along with organic pollutants in freshwater system in Bangladesh.
Mechatronics Capacity Building in Tanzania
Authors: Dante Carlo
Published: May 2022

The paper deals with a capacity building project carried out by Politecnico di Milano and the three main technical universities of Tanzania aimed at stimulating high education in mechatronics and at giving professors the tools to design new mechatronics courses in the universities of the Country. This work is focused on the activities carried out at Mbeya University of Science and Technology (M.U.S.T.) where, within one week of intensive course, Tanzanian professors had the opportunity to develop a mechatronic system. The approach was aimed not just at teaching main subjects of a mechatronics course, but also at suggesting how these courses could involve university students on topics that will be a challenge for the emerging industry of the country.
PENGARUH SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT TERHADAP OPERASIONAL PERUSAHAAN DAN KENDALA PROCUREMENT SISTEM ERP PADA PT UNILEVER INDONESIA TBK
Authors: Maharani Delby , Haris Haris , Aprillia Novi , Kelly  , Andryanto  , Marthin Ricko , Flowerensia Dionna , Feby  , Cuandra Fendy , Zai Immanuel
Published: May 2022

This research aims to determine the effect of Supply Chain Management and constraints of existing ERP systems in PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk is a company engaged in the household production industry by offering food products, beverages, kitchen needs, to toiletries. In an effort to develop its business operations, it is known that PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk implements its management strategy through ERP and Supply Chain Management systems. The ERP system at PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk functions as an information integration tool for all company stakeholders, while Supply Chain Management functions as a tool for monitoring the flow of goods to consumers and the amount of inventory. Thus, the two strategies are related to the certainty of the performance of Unilever employees. This paper aims to analyze the performance and the relationship between supply chain management, and the effect of the ERP system implemented by Unilever companies on operational performance through interaction and communication of information in order to be efficient in implementing supply chain management strategies and ERP systems. The research method uses a document study approach, as well as primary and secondary data collection techniques. The results of the study reveals that the Supply Chain Management strategy of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk has four components, namely supply chain uncertainty, management of economies of scale, selection of transportation modes, and product inventory control; as well as the ERP and Supply Chain Management systems of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk have a positive and significant impact on the company's performance so as to obtain profits and achieve company goals.
Video Yardımcı Hakem (VAR) Uygulaması ile İlgili Bazı Değerlendirmeler: Netnografi Çalışması Örneği
Authors: ATMACA Davut , TOYGUR Hüseyin , ÇAMURCU Hayri
Published: May 2022

Hakem hatalarını asgariye indirerek futbol sistemine katkı sağlayacağı iddiası ile uygulamaya giren VAR sistemi, uygulamaya geçirildiği andan itibaren tartışmaların odağı haline gelmiştir. Sporseverler, VAR teknolojisinin kullanılmasına karşı farklı görüşler ileri sürmektedir. Bu çalışma sosyal medya kullanıcılarının VAR uygulaması hakkında ne düşündüklerini tespit etmek üzere kurgulanmıştır. Bu bakımdan çalışmada netnografi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada öne çıkan sonuçlara göre sosyal medya kullanıcılarının bir kısmı VAR sisteminin futboldaki hataları azalttığını düşünmektedir. Bazı sosyal medya kullanıcıları VAR’ın revize edilmesi gerektiğini ileri sürmektedir. Ayrıca VAR sisteminin uzun süren pozisyon incelemeleri nedeniyle maç süresini uzatarak futbol heyecanını olumsuz yönde etkilediğine inanılmaktadır. Bunlara ek olarak VAR teknolojisi ile yan hakemlerin etkisinin minimuma indiğine yönelik bir algı bulunmaktadır. Sosyal medyada “VAR” sisteminin işleyişi ile ilgili çok sayıda ironi içerikli mesaj bulunmaktadır. Futbol dünyasındaki Antoine Griezmann ve Brian Moore gibi ünlü isimler futbolda adaleti sağlaması, oyuna güzellik katması ve hakem kararlarına şeffaflık getirmesi bakımından VAR sistemini olumlu bulmaktadır. Futbolseverlerin, VAR sistemi hakkında ne düşündükleri ile ilgili geniş örneklem gruplarıyla anket ve görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak derinlemesine araştırmalar yapılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Anesthesia and breastfeeding
Authors: Ghiringhelli Juan Pablo , Lacassie Hector
Published: May 2022

The importance of breastfeeding with its positive impact on the wellbeing of the mother-infant pair is well established. Anesthesiologists should encourage the promotion of lactation by being willing to give reassurance during the preoperative period and preparing a plan that does not interfere with safe breastfeeding. There is concern regarding the transfer of drugs into breast milk, which may lead to inconsistent advice from many health professionals and to early discontinuation. However, evidence shows that most anesthetic drugs are safe in terms of transfer into breast milk, and hence, compatible with breastfeeding, which should be resumed after anesthesia as soon as the mother is alert and feels well enough to hold her infant, without the need to “pump and dump”. This review provides pharmacokinetic information on commonly used anesthesia drugs and their passage into breast milk, to help practitioners discuss risks and benefits with the mother, emphasizing that anesthesia should not interfere with the benefits of breastfeeding. Four practical clinical scenarios are presented: pregnant women concerned about the effect of epidural analgesia on subsequent breastfeeding, spinal anesthesia for c-section and lactation, patients who will receive general anesthesia during cesarean section, and finally women who are breastfeeding and require anesthesia for elective or urgent surgery. Neuraxial anesthesia allows for better pain control and immediate skin-to-skin contact at the time of childbirth. Also, it interferes the least with the woman’s ability to care for her infant. Regional techniques, opioid-sparing techniques and outpatient surgery are preferred. Drugs such as opioids and longer-acting benzodiazepines should be administered cautiously, particularly in repeat doses.
Historical perspective of two technical standards developed in the 21st century that gave rise to profound changes in Peruvian anesthesiology
Authors: Shiraishi-Zapata Carlos , Niquen-Jimenez Milagros
Published: May 2022

The technical standards in anesthesiology govern the professional practice and allow for the provision of safer anesthesia and surgery. This article gives a historical perspective on the creation, main content, and consequences of the implementation of the Peruvian standards in anesthesiology.
Design de serviços e de experiências em destinos turísticos: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Lincoln Leite de Lacerda Leonardo , Emmendoerfer Luana , Varvakis Gregório
Published: May 2022

ResumoObjetivo do estudo: Analisar na literatura científica como destinos turísticos podem se beneficiar com o conceito de design de serviços e de experiências; além de identificar as relações dessa aplicabilidade.Metodologia/ Abordagem: Utilizou-se de revisão integrativa, com busca sistemática ocorrida no dia sete de agosto de 2019, considerando os termos service design, experience design, tour* destination, destination management e destination organization. O processo de seleção feita nas bases de dados da Scopus, Web of Science e SciELO levantou quatorze textos para análise.Originalidade/Relevância: O trabalho apresenta que o design de serviços e o design de experiências são importantes para a gestão de destinos, uma vez que potencializam projetos relacionados aos seus serviços e experiências de destinos, e melhoram a competitividade, qualidade e valor percebido.Principais resultados: Observou-se que: a) o nível macro é uma preocupação central, enfatizando a visão holística do design de serviços e de experiências; b) existe uma miríade de instrumentos que o design de serviços ou de experiências pode utilizar para melhorar os serviços e experiências em destinos turísticos; c) há pelo menos quatro formas gerais de destinos turísticos se beneficiarem da abordagem do design de serviços e de experiência.Contribuições teóricas/ metodológicas: Esta revisão integrativa de literatura é uma revisão ampla e sistemática, cujos resultados mostram as construções e tendências de como o design de serviços e de experiências podem contribuir com destinos turísticos, trazendo reflexões para o desenvolvimento de teorias. Sua característica de amplitude auxilia pesquisadores que desejam compreender de forma geral a aplicação de tais abordagens de design em um contexto específico. E sua característica sistemática fornece transparência ao processo e possibilita a reprodutibilidade de estudo, podendo ser usado para ampliação da pesquisa ou replicação com outras variáveis à escolha do(s) pesquisador(es).
ANALISIS POTENSI MAKRO SEKTORAL KOTA JAYAPURA DAN ARAH PENGEMBANGANNYA DIMASA MENDATANG
Authors: Hafizrianda Yundi
Published: May 2022

This study generally aims to provide a clear image of the sectoral macro economic potential in Jayapura City. More specific, the objectives are: (a) determine and analyze base sectors in Jayapura City, (b) identify and analyze the performance of economic sectors in Jayapura City in order to know the sectors that have competitive advantage and specialization, (c) establish and analyze the typology of socio-economic potential in Jayapura City and compare it with some other equivalent regency, and (d) establish the direction of the leading commodity based on sectoral development potential. Some analysis tools of macro regional performance indicators are descriptive statistics, LQ, SSA, MRP, Overlay Analysis and Composite Performance Index. Based on the result analysis, it is shown that the economic development Jayapura city has always rested on the potentials that are non-tradable sectors. The non-tradable sectors are hotels, trade, construction, restaurants, transportation, banking, and so on which most of the base is not on the local economy. While tradable sectors that have a very strong local base sectors eg. food crops, fisheries, livestock, micro industrial, become complementary and inferior sectors in Jayapura City economy. Due to the absurd economic development like this, the non-tradable sectors are always dominant over the tradable sectors and never once happened that a fundamental change in the economic structure, causing the distribution of income, employment absorption, and business opportunities, all experiencing high inequality. To improve the conditions of economic performance such as this it is necessary to establish potential development strategy of tradable sectors to lead commodity based that is in an effort to improve the marketing and administration, expanding a partnership in the development of leading commodities, improve the quality of human resources, production, capital and value added commodity, as well as institutional strengthening economic commodity.
Analisis Pertumbuhan Dan Potensi Sektoral Pertanian Dalam Perekonomian Kabupaten Jayawijaya Tahun 2008 - 2012
Authors: Pajeru Achmad Riyadi , Hafizrianda Yundy , Bisai Charley M.
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan sektoral pertanian di Kabupaten Jayawijaya serta mengetahui potensi sektoral pertanian di Kabupaten Jayawijaya. metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Location Question, Shift Share, Model Rasio Pertumbuhan, Tipologi Klassen dan Overlay. Untuk tujuan ananlisis digunakan data sekunder berupa data time series 2008 – 2012, yaitu data PDRB atas dasar harga konstan di Kabupaten Jayawijaya dan Provinsi Papua, pertumbuhan ekonomi, sektor potensial, struktur ekonomi dan shift share.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi sektor pertanian di Kabupaten Jayawijaya adalah sebesar 10,46 persen dan 2,96 persen yaitu sub sektor tanaman bahan makanan dan sub sektor peternakan sedangkan sub sektor lainnya hanya mampu memberikan kontribusinya sebesar 0,14 persen. sektor yang perlu dikembangkan pada sektor pertanian hanya ada dua sub sektor saja yaitu tanaman bahan makanan dan sub sektor peternakan. Kata kunci : Pertumbuhan Sektoral Pertanian, Sektor Basis Ekonomi, Shift Share dan Overlay.
Eksistensi Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi Pedesaan
Authors: Wakarmamu Thobby
Published: May 2022

The empirical study of Micro Finance Institution (MFI) to investigate MFI performance in rural economics development perspective have been conducted in Java and off Java, in the early 2007 through PRA approach with group interview and individual in depth interview, involve the MFI board and customer. By using qualitative descriptive analysis approach of purposive chosen MFI, the result study obtained a following picture: (a) the existence of MFI is strategic role as intermediation of economics activities for the people who didn’t reach of conventional bank services; (b) in fact MFI services have been successful, but it was still bias of non agricultural business activities. The scheme of agricultural loan didn’t priorities, the budget of farming system support relatively small. That is not more then 10 % from total of MFI budget; (c) Critical success factors of agricultural MFI development are: legality of MFI institute, management capability, seed capital support, reasonable farming system, characteristic of farming system, training of MFI management and technical guidance of customer MFI; (d) Human resource evelopment, seed capital support and technical guidance of MFI customer are needed of the initiation and development of agricultural MFI.Key Words: Micro Finance Institution, Rural Economics Development
Analisis Potensi Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Kabupaten Jayapura
Authors: Fahrulman Fahrulman , Suwandi Suwandi , Marit Elisabeth Lenny
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan PDRB dari tahun 2003 – 2013, menganalisis sektor mana yang menjadi basis dan non basis, serta menaganalisis sektor ekonomi yang potensial untuk menunjang pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kabupaten Jayapura. Penulis menggunakan data sekunder (PDRB time series 2003 - 2013) serta alat analisis LQ dan Shift Share dan dengan kontribusi ekonomi, Laju pertumbuhan ekonomi, pertumbuhan sektor ekonomi, Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), sektor-sektor ekonomi, komponen Net Shift, komponen Differential Shift, dan komponen Proportional Shift sebagai variabel. Dari hasil analisis LQ ditemukan bahwa sektor yang menjadi sektor basis di Kabupaten Jayapura adalah sektor Pertanian, sektor Industri Pengolahan, sektor Bangunan, sektor Perdagangan, Hotel dan Restoran, sektor Pengangkutan dan Komunikasi, sektor Keuangan, Persewaan dan Jasa Perusahaan, dan sektor Jasa – jasa. Dari hasil analisis Shift Share  sektor – sektor ekonomi yang potensial untuk menunjang pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kabupten Jayapura adalah sektor pertanian, industri pengolahan, bangunan, perdagangan, hotel dan restoran, pengangkutan dan komunikasi, dan keuangan, persewaan dan jasa perusahaan.Kata kunci: Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, LQ, dan Shift – Share
Analisis Hubungan Realisasi Pendapatan Daerah Dan Realisasi Belanja Daerah Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kota Jayapura Tahun 2003-2013
Authors: Rumbia Nurcahyani , Urip Transna Putra , Indahyani Rachmaeny
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara realisasi pendapatan daerah dengan realisasi belanja daerah, bagaimana pengaruh realisasi belanja daerah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi (PDRB) dan bagaimana pengaruh realisasi belanja daerah terhadap sektor PDRB. Objek yang diteliti adalah data target dan realisasi APBD dan data pertumbuhan pertumbuhan ekonomi (PDRB) Kota Jayapura Tahun 2003-3013. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah korelasi sederhana untuk melihat hubungan antara realisasi belanja daerah dengan realisasi pendapatan daerah dan regresi sederhana untuk melihat pengaruh antara realisasi belanja daerah terhadap PDRB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang positif antara realisasi pendapatan daerah dan realisasi belanja daerah yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai realisasi pendapatan dan realisasi belanja yang meningkat setiap tahunnya, realisasi belanja daerah berpengaruh terhadap total PDRB yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai belanja dan total PDRB yang meningkat setiap tahunnya, realisasi belanja daerah berpengaruh terhadap delapan sektor PDRB ditunjukkan dengan nilai signifikan kurang dari 0.05 dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap satu sektor yang  ditunjukkan dengan nilai signifikan  lebih besar dari 0.05.Kata Kunci : Pendapatan Daerah , Belanja Daerah, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi (PDRB).
Using Karnaugh Maps in Software Requirements Analysis
Authors: Cantone Anthony , Adonsou Yawa
Published: May 2022

Faulty requirements leading to design deficiencies have been shown to be an avoidable root cause of many product failures. This paper is an effort to push the boundaries of system safety by proposing a novel approach for discovering faulty or missing software requirements by adapting a proven methodology heretofore used in circuit analysis. Karnaugh Mapping is employed in Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) design to minimize power consumption, facilitate temperature control, increase functionality and minimize the number of physical logic gates. Karnaugh Maps (K-Maps) are ideally suited to impose order on logical requirements that describe the operation of electronic circuits. With the assumption that software requirements are expressible as logical statements, this paper assesses the ability of Karnaugh Mapping to effectively deconstruct and rationalize developmental requirements in the analysis of software and seeks to demonstrate that K-Maps can be used not only to minimize the number of requirements, but also to detect missing requirements. The analysis conducted in the course of developing this paper indicates that K‑Maps can effectively identify faulty requirements in two examples of varying complexity, provided that sematic conventions are established and observed.
Design-Based Safety
Authors: MacCollum David
Published: May 2022

In the classic nursery rhyme, the skills of the butcher, the baker and the candlestick-maker are clearly defined. Protecting life, limb and property are generally ignored, however, with the belief that most people avoid dangerous hazards and that accidents will not happen. There is a lack of understanding that a hazard is usually dormant until a change of circumstance occurs and the hazard becomes armed and able to cause harm. When a hazard produces harm in terms of death, injury or damage, it is often identified only as an “accident,” and the existence of a hazard is ignored.
President's Message
Authors: Muniak Charles
Published: May 2022

For the past few years there has been a good deal of discussion of a desired future state of the International System Safety Society. This future state which is the “There” I refer to in the title of this article, includes several things: an ISSS-developed standard, system safety integration into engineering curricula, a safety institute, a system safety certification, obtaining external funding for the Society and a paid staff. The present state (i.e., “Here”) has several characteristics: a very small level of paid staffing, a good number of excellent volunteers (most of whom have very limited time) and a fairly limited amount of financial resources. I do not have a detailed roadmap on how to get from here to there (that will hopefully come out of the ongoing strategic plan effort), but I do have some thoughts on some considerations that I hope are useful to the future EC.
System Safety Bookshelf
Authors: Muniak Charles
Published: May 2022

Mathematical Foundations of System Safety Engineering: A Road Map for the Future

By Richard R. Zito
In The News
Authors: Muniak Charles
Published: May 2022

Aircraft Grounded Because of COVID-19 Could Develop Engine Problems; FAA Orders Inspections

Investigator Find Employees of a Florida Nuclear Power Plant Falsified Inspection Reports

Robot with UV Light System Used to Clean Airplanes Between Flights to Combat COVID-19
Failure Interval Probabilistic Analysis for Risk-based Decisions - Concorde Crash Example
Authors: Smith Jan
Published: May 2022

The DC-6, DC-8, DC-10, Concorde, Boeing 787 and Boeing 737 MAX fatal crashes and nearmisses were analyzed with event interval probabilistic analysis methods. Fleet grounding decisions are the epitome of risk-based decisions, and the most important decision is the first opportunity to ground. The “first opportunity to ground” decision is retrospectively judged to be wrong if, in the immediate future, another accident or cause-and-effect findings leads to the original decision being reversed. Using only data available at the time of the significant events, the analysis examines these risk-based decisions as if it they were made at the event’s instant in time.

The event interval method identified five out of six “first opportunity to ground” decisions correctly, including the Concorde. According to these analyses, the FAA and its predecessor organizations made one correct decision out of five. Use of this method based on statistics and probability would have avoided 503 actual fatalities, plus 9.45 expected value fatalities from additional risk exposure due to flying statistically proven unreliable aircraft. In addition to the reversed decision standard for judging whether these decisions were wrong, the data show that a grounding of the DC-8 and a second grounding of the DC-6 would have been statistically appropriate — but these groundings did not occur.

A specific objective of this paper is to lead the FAA and aircraft manufacturers to using event interval probabilistic analysis in grounding decisions and air-worthiness certification. The cause-and-effect data necessary to identify issues and make corrections are often sparse or nonexistent at the time of the event. Cause-and-effect data can take days or months to acquire and analyze, but event interval timing data are simple because system performance data are available at the instant the event occurs.
Sistem Penentuan Lokasi Objek Target Untuk Manipulator Lengan Robot Berbasis Sensor Penglihatan Biaya Rendah
Authors: Budiman Justin S. , Desvabrahma Radifsya L. , Ayega Idham H. , Tamba Tua Agustinus
Published: May 2022

Pengembangan manipulator lengan robot cerdas yang fleksibel dan otonom serta dapat berinteraksi dengan lingkungan ruang kerjanya merupakan tantangan mendasar dalam studi dan penelitian robotika. Agar dapat melakukan tugasnya dengan baik, suatu manipulator lengan robot memerlukan sinyal masukan berupa informasi persepsional terkait lingkungan dan bidang kerjanya yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan berbagai jenis sensor. Sinyal masukan tersebut selanjutnya digunakan dalam skema sistem kontrol umpan balik untuk menghasilkan sinyal kontrol yang dapat memastikan robot bergerak secara tepat dan sesuai dengan tujuan operasionalnya. Makalah ini memaparkan metode deteksi objek target dan desain sistem kontrol umpan balik berbasis sensor penglihatan (kamera) biaya rendah. Proses deteksi dan kontrol ini ditujukan untuk menggerakkan end-effector dari suatu purwarupa lengan robot dari posisi awal ke posisi akhir referensi tertentu. Deteksi objek dilakukan dengan menggunakan kamera Pixy2 Cmucam5 yang dilengkapi dengan modul khusus pengolahan citra yang memungkinkannya untuk mendeteksi pola tertentu pada objek target. Dengan menggunakan analisis dan desain berbasis metode kinematika balik (inverse kinematics), informasi posisi awal objek target yang diperoleh kamera digunakan sebagai umpan balik untuk mengontrol pergerakan end-effector menuju posisi referensi yang diinginkan. Hasil eksperimen metode deteksi dan desain pengontrol dipaparkan pada makalah ini untuk mengilustrasikan keefektifan metode yang dikembangkan.
Prevalence and Co-occurrence of Major Depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorders Among Adolescents in Qatar
Authors: Al-Muhannadi Muneera , Al-Karbi Khalid , Amran Hashed Ahmed Ali , Alsharafi Amr Faisal , Alabbas Omar Taha , Al-Marri Khalid , Salem Mohamed
Published: May 2022

Background: Depression and anxiety are the commonest mental health disorders worldwide (1). In Qatar, a cross-sectional study conducted among Qatari adolescents in secondary schools in 2017 found that 34.5% have depression with female predominance (5), but no study in Qatar has addressed both disorders co-occurrence. Objectives: The main objective is to assess the prevalence and co-occurrence of major depression disorder and generalized anxiety disorder in adolescents in Qatar. Research participants: adolescents aged 12-18 years old. Method: Cross-sectional study. An online questionnaire including Demographic data, PHQ-9 and GAD-7 will be sent to parents or legal guardians to take online consent, then to be filled in by their children in the ages of 12-18 years old. Proposed analysis: Chi-square test will be used to test the significance of association between variables. The significant level for all statistical analysis was set at 0.05. Anticipated result: According to a previous local study in Qatar we expect the prevalence of both disorders in this age group to be around 30% if not more and as per worldwide studies result 25-50% of depressed patient have anxiety also and 10-15% who have anxiety found to have depression as comorbidity, so we expect to have co-occurrences in this range. Key words: Depression, Generalized Anxiety disorders, Adolescents, Qatar, PHQ-9, GAD-7, cross-sectional.
Intertrochanteric Fracture Treated by Dynamic Hip Screw, Aden, Yemen
Authors: Mohsen Abdulsalam Abdullah Hadi
Published: May 2022

Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of intertrochanteric fractures that were treated with Dynamic Hip Screw in Aden Patients and method: This was a retrospective study of patients presenting with intertrochanteric fracture, to the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Algamhoria Teaching Hospital and at two private hospital in Aden, Yemen, during the period January 2018–December 2019. The patients were treated with Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS). All information was obtained from the patient charts. The collected data was tabulated and statistical analysis was done by estimating rates, means and standard deviations. Fisher test was used and p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The statistical software package SPSS version 17 was used. Results: Out of 48 patients, 29 patients were females (60.4%) and 19 patients (39.6%) were males and the mean age was 75.1±7.4 years. The mean age of male patients was 76.4 ± 6.9 years while for females was 74.2±7.7 years. The age ranged between 62 to 90 years. The patients were categorized into 3 age groups: Group (I) 70 years old, (27.1%) were females and (10.4%) were males, Group (II) from 71 – 80 years old, (20.8%) were females and (14.6%) were males. Group (III) from 81 – 90 years old, (12.5%) were females and (14.6%) were males, (p > 0.05). Causes of injury were simple fall in most of the cases (79.1%). The causes of injuries were significantly different among the age groups of patients (P < 0.05). We found (58.3%) of intertrochanteric fractures were in the right side and (41.7%) were in the left side. The stable fractures were (52.1%) while unstable fractures were (47.9%). According to Evan classifications (31.3%) of the intertrochanteric fractures were classified as Type I and (20.8%) were classified as Type II. Type III were predominant with (47.9%). Superficial stitch infection were (4.2%) and (4.2%) were deep infection. Shortening of 1-2cm occurred in (10.4%) of patients. Mal-union occurred in (20.8%) cases. Delayed union occurred in (10.4%) cases. Active physiotherapy is given regularly for delayed union. Deep vein thrombosis developed in (8.4%) of cases and pulmonary thrombosis occurred in (4.2%) of cases. Conclusion: The dynamic hip screw is a modality of choice in patients with intertrochanteric fracture; it is effective, simple, and safe. Further studies are needed to compare between our modality and other modalities. Key words: dynamic hip screw, intertrochanteric fracture, femur, Aden, Yemen
Awareness of General Population of Saudi Arabia toward Diabetic Complications
Authors: Alanazi Mansuor Ahmed , Almutaz Abdullah Ibrahim , Aldhwain Saleh Essa , Alasmari Bassam Ali , Alfarhan Shoug Mohammad , Barakat May Yahya , Almalki Yahya Hassan , ALmousa Reem Abdullah
Published: May 2022

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a medical condition that induces hyperglycemia due to the lack of insulin production or intervention. With high prevalence of DM in Saudi Arabia, it is essential for the population to have adequate information and understanding of DM. We aimed to study the level of awareness among the general population towards diabetic complications and explore the relationship between level of awareness and different socio-demographic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population of Saudi Arabia in different regions between May – July 2021. Total enumeration method was used for including all the adult males and females who agreed to answer the questionnaire in this study. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: A total of 508 participants completed the study of whom 67.5% were males. We found that 91.1% of the participants had good awareness about diabetic complications. The majority of the participants (93.9%) were diagnosed with DM or knew someone diagnosed with it. Approximately 78.4% of the participants thought that DM is a lifestyle disease and a higher percentage of them (84.1%) agreed that DM is a disease which needs to be monitored every 3-6 months. The most common identified complication was retinopathy (41.9%). We found that level of awareness of diabetic complications was significantly related to age (P=0.011), and also it was significantly related to the occupation (P=0.001). Conclusion: This study revealed that the general level of awareness about diabetic complications among the general population of Saudi Arabia was good. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Complications, Saudi Arabia, Awareness
Epley’s Maneuver in Primary Care: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Hameed Muhammad , Shaheen Shabana , Malik M Imran , Qabeel Yousef Essam Hassan
Published: May 2022

Almost all health systems of the world are burning out of budgets, hence, activities need to be developed to save as much money as possible for health services. We chose a simple, effective and proven by research method ‘’Epley’s maneuvre (EM)’’ as a diagnosis and treatment of ‘’Benign Parosxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)’’. We delivered training to primary care physicians and studied the effectiveness of the the treatment and the cost saved in this project. It was found that EM proved both highly effective treatment as well as saved a good sum of money along with other benefits, such as better job satisfaction, convenience for the patients, etc. Key Words Epley’s maneuvre, primary care, cost-effectiveness, ENT in primary care
Das Recht auf Wohnen – Zum Verhältnis von Rendite- und Gemeinwohlorientierung
Authors: Eberhardt-Köster Thomas
Published: May 2022

Der Beitrag stellt die Finanzialisierung und Kommodifizierung des Wohnungssektors in Deutschland in den letzten Jahrzehnten sowie deren Auswirkung auf die Versorgung von Menschen mit geringen und mittleren Einkommen mit angemessenen Wohnungen dar und begründet, warum rein auf Marktmechanismen setzende Politiken im Wohnungssektor strukturelle Defizite erzeugen. Er diskutiert, welche Rolle nicht-gewinnorientierte Organisationen bei der Lösung der Wohnungfrage spielen können und argumentiert, dass jede dauerhafte Lösung die Vergesellschaftung von Boden und großen Immobilienbeständen beinhalten muss.
Targeted Synthesis and Study of Anti-tyrosinase Activity of 2-Substituted Tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]Thieno[2,3-d]Pyrimidine-4(3H)-One
Authors: Chiriapkin Alexey , Kodonidi Ivan , Pozdnyakov Dmitry
Published: May 2022

Background: The high prevalence of skin hyperpigmentation makes it necessary to search for remedies that could hinder this process. Among such substances, tyrosinase inhibitors can be distinguished, which may be pyrimidine derivatives. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate new compounds with anti-tyrosinase activity in 2-substituted tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4(3H)-one by an in vitro analysis and investigating their molecular docking. Methods: A molecular docking was performed using AutoDock 4.0 with the 3-dimensional structure of tyrosinase of the fungus Agaricus bisporus from the Protein Data Bank (PDB; rcsb.org) with identification number 2Y9X. A synthesis of 2-substituted tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4(3H)-one was carried out during the heterocyclization reaction of azomethine derivatives of 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxamide in glacial acetic acid with the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide. Tyrosinase activity was determined in vitro by the spectrophotometric method. Results: Molecular docking data suggest the feasibility of synthesizing 2-substituted tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4(3H)-one as possible tyrosinase inhibitors. Of particular interest are compounds with hydroxy groups in the radical. Next, pharmacological screening showed that the leading compound is 4g. It is likely that metal–ligand interactions are the main interactions in the active site of tyrosinase because kojic acid, hydroquinone, and lactic acid (reference compounds), as well as compounds with only hydroxy groups in phenyl substituents (4b, 4c, and 4g), have the greatest anti-tyrosinase activity. Conclusions: As a result of molecular docking studies, the feasibility of synthesizing 2-substituted tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4(3H)-one as potential tyrosinase inhibitors was justified. 2-Substituted tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4(3H)-one was obtained using new synthesis conditions. The leading compound is 4g containing a fragment of 2,4-dihydroxybenzene.
Diferencias de género en la maratón de Sevilla: ¿Presentan los hombres más exceso de confianza que las mujeres?
Authors: Mogas Amoros Joan
Published: May 2022

Previous studies show that people tend to overestimate their abilities and that men tend to be more overconfident than women. This study aims to analyse whether Spanish male runners overestimate their abilities compared to women. For this, runners’ predictions of their own finish times in the marathon of Seville 209 are used. Overconfidence is measured as the selection of a starting box made by each runner, based on the time they expect to get in the race, which is inferior to the actual time they are going to get. The results indicated that long-distance runners often give biased predictions and that the bias to be optimistic about the time they are going to get is greater in men than in women. The extent of this behaviour to other contexts may help to explain why women tend to be underrepresented in certain education or the gender wage gap and labour market segregation.

Estudios previos muestran que la población tiende a sobreestimar sus habilidades y que los hombres tienden a presentar más exceso de confianza que las mujeres. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar si los corredores españoles hombres sobreestiman sus capacidades en comparación a las mujeres. Para ello, se utilizan las predicciones de los tiempos de los propios corredores en la maratón de Sevilla 2019. El exceso de confianza se mide como la autoselección en un cajón de salida con un tiempo esperado inferior al tiempo real conseguido. Los resultados muestran que los corredores de larga distancia con frecuencia dan predicciones sesgadas y que el sesgo a ser optimista en el tiempo es mayor en los hombres que en las mujeres. La extensión de este comportamiento a otros contextos puede ayudar a explicar por qué las mujeres tienden a estar infrarrepresentadas en ciertos estudios o la brecha salarial y la segregación en el mercado laboral.
uso del ciclo del juego como variable pedagógica en las tareas de entrenamiento en fútbol
Authors: Martín Barrero Alberto , Martínez Cabrera Francisco Ignacio
Published: May 2022

The objective of this research is to know the effect that the introduction, in the design of tasks, of the complete game cycle (constant changes of attack-defense and defense-attack phases) causes on the kinematic behaviors of soccer players. Players (n=20) from an elite Spanish team were used (15.69 ± 1.14 years; 64.84 ± 6.04 kg. of weight; 1.71 ± 0.5 m. height). The different kinematic variables (relative total distance, relative accelerations, relative decelerations, relative player load, maximum speed and relative metabolic power) were compared in two types of tasks: a) task 1: with offensive phase and b) task 2: with offensive phase and defensive. The data showed that there were significant differences (p<.05) in all variables except relative decelerations and maximum speed. It can be concluded that use of training tasks where the attack and defense phases are carried out in a continuous manner increases the external load, being able to approximate more to the demands of the competition.

El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer el efecto que provoca en los comportamientos cinemáticos de los jugadores de fútbol la introducción, en el diseño de tareas, del ciclo completo del juego (cambios constantes de cambios de fases ataque-defensa y defensa-ataque). Se utilizaron jugadores (n=20) de un equipo de élite español (15.69±1.14 años; 64.84±6.04 kg. de peso; 1.71±0.5 m. de altura). Se compararon las diferentes variables cinemáticas (distancia total relativa, aceleraciones relativas, desaceleraciones relativas, carga relativa del jugador, velocidad máxima y potencia metabólica relativa) en dos tipos de tareas: a) tarea 1: con fase ofensiva y b) tarea 2: con fase ofensiva y defensiva. Los datos mostraron que hubo diferencias significativas (p<.05) en todas las variables excepto en las desaceleraciones relativas y la velocidad máxima. Se puede concluir que el uso de tareas de entrenamiento donde se lleven a cabo fases de ataque y defensa incrementa la carga externa, aproximándose más a las demandas de la competición.
The role of the Arctic Council in the management of the Arctic and Russia's activities in it
Authors: Alekseev Yury , Anuchin Sergei , Zamaraikina Liubov , Surguch Sofya
Published: May 2022

The XXI century is the era of the emergence of geopolitical disputes and disagreements between states. Such contradictions are caused by scientific and technological progress and an increasing number of international actors in the struggle for natural resources. Today, one of such spaces of geopolitical contradictions is the Arctic. It is here that the political, legal, economic, military-strategic, environmental and social interests of many powers are concentrated. The authors turn the attention to the international legal regime of the Arctic, the positions of the main participants in Arctic policy and the leading institution in the region - the Arctic Council (AU). The authors analyze the level of influence of the Russian Federation on political processes in the region. The article examines the strategies and concepts of the leading actors in the region: Russia, the USA, Canada, the Scandinavia countries, as well as declarations and conventions of international organizations. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the AU documents adopted both at the ministerial level and at the level of working groups and the Committee of Senior Officials in the period from 1996 to 2019. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that, to date, the AU is the main legal mechanism in the Arctic, which over the history of its existence has shown itself to be a necessary attribute in regulating the activities of states in the region. Despite the fact that the AU has the legal foundations of an intergovernmental international organization, it still retains the status of a high-level forum with limited institutional capacity, remaining a relatively poorly structured organization of the founding States. In addition, the authors come to the conclusion about the high level of Russia's involvement in the political processes of the region. In conclusion, a number of assumptions are made regarding the future political development of the Arctic and the role of the Russian Federation in this process.