bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rising Election Costs, Dwindling Election Quality: Elections as the Predicament of Democracy in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic
Authors: Adebiyi Oluwashina Moruf , Raheem Toyin Kazeem
Published: February 2022

Since Nigeria’s return to competitive multiparty democracy elections have been held regularly. However, the costs of conducting the elections have been increasing such that Nigeria’s elections have been described as the most expensive in Africa and one of the most expensive in the world. Despite their huge costs, the quality of elections continues to dwindle thus most of the elections have been regarded as flawed. This article examines the paradox of increasing elections cost and the dwindling quality of elections in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. It argues that the rising cost of elections borne out of the desire to conduct quality elections has impacted negatively on the country’s electoral processes. While elections cost keeps increasing, elections quality continues to ebb such that elections held since 1999 have lost their democratic essence. The article further contends that experiences of poorly conducted elections have eroded the trust of the people in the nation’s electoral process which is inimical to democratic sustenance. The article is qualitative and descriptive drawing data from annual reports of INEC, reports of local and international election observers and extant secondary literature.
The International Response to the Situation in Tigray: A Concerted Effort by Both the Humanitarian and Human Rights Communities
Authors: Jimenez-Damary Cecilia
Published: February 2022

This essay is based on detailed observations of the situation in Tigray following the 2019 visit to Ethiopia by the Emergency Relief Coordinator, the UN Special Rapporteur and the Assistant Secretary for Peacebuilding. Ever since the crisis in Tigray came to the attention of the international community, the humanitarian situation there was assessed through a human rights framework as well as the guidance provided by international humanitarian law. The response therefore incorporates a powerful dynamic between the humanitarian community and the human rights community, which worked together in a concerted effort to raise visibility to the situation and built on each other’s work.
The Responsibility to Protect from Terror: The Ethics of Foreign Counter-terrorist Interventions
Authors: Taylor Isaac
Published: February 2022

The use of military force abroad is a significant part of some states’ counter-terrorist efforts. Can these operations be ethically justified? This paper considers whether the underlying principles that philosophers have put forward to justify humanitarian interventions (which may underlie the international norm of the responsibility to protect (R2P)) can also give support for foreign counter-terrorist interventions of this sort. While it finds that the limits to international action that are imposed by the need to respect state sovereignty do not rule out counter-terrorist interventions, it urges caution in supporting an international norm permitting them. Because such a norm would be open to manipulation and abuse, it may be preferable to discourage appealing to it in order to justify military counter-terrorism.
Foreign Fighters, Returnees and a Resurgent Taliban
Authors: Tucker Noah
Published: February 2022

This essay surveys the recent history of Central Asian mobilization to foreign conflicts and insurgencies and offers a discussion potential for a new wave of migration that the fall of the Afghan government and a victorious Taliban insurgency could present for the region. It argues that new developments have increased the importance of understanding the causes of conflict migration from Central Asia to both ensure successful re-integration of returnees and prevent a new wave of conflict migration. This contribution presents evidence that a one-dimensional focus on ideological or theological motivations for past waves of conflict migration is a poor explanatory mechanism for the broader conflict. A complex, localized, and multi-factor approach provides a much better explanatory model for mobilization to both local violence and foreign conflict.
China’s Impact on Democracy and Human Rights in Central Asia
Authors: Peyrouse Sebastien
Published: February 2022

This article analyzes the impact of China’s policy on politics and human rights in Central Asia. First, it discusses how Beijing’s narrative has supported authoritarianism in the region. Second, it analyzes some of the tools of authoritarianism China has exported to support the political legitimacy of Central Asian authorities and their efforts to monitor their citizens. In conclusion, this article argues that although China has had a tangible impact on human rights in Central Asia, other elements also need to be taken into consideration to understand authoritarian tendencies in the region, including the influence of other foreign actors such as Russia as well as the goals of the Central Asian leaders themselves, who are not passive recipients of Chinese policy but rather have embarked on their own on road of authoritarianism since independence.
Scrumptious Functions
Authors: Oddie Graham
Published: February 2022

The taste of this particular chunk of fresh pineapple, the one which I am just now eating, is scrumptious. That taste is something the chunk has in common with other such chunks, like the one I had a few seconds ago and the one I will have in a few seconds time. The taste of this pineapple chunk is thus a feature, a property, which this and various other chunks of pineapple share. Now, intuitively at least, no purely mathematical entity, like a function, is scrumptious. Hence a property, like the taste of this chunk of pineapple, cannot be any such function.

This kind of argument, if sound, would cut a wide swathe through the field of metaphysics. All those theories which attempt to reduce onto logically suspicious types of entities (properties, propositions, persons, medium- sized dry goods) to mathematical entities (like classes or functions) would fall to the blade. This could well help to reduce the impact of contemporary philosophy on the world's dwindling forests. I save contemporary metaphysics by explaining where the argument goes wrong.
Leiden University Resolutions Appendici Corpus (1575–1811)
Authors: van der Meulen Marten S.
Published: February 2022

The Appendici to the Leiden University Resolutions of Curators and Mayors form a rich collection of documents from different genres, including letters, statutes and testimonies. Spanning the period between the founding of Leiden University in 1575 until its temporary dissolution in 1811, these documents are well-suited for historical linguistic research of Dutch in general, and for those interested in the relationships between norm and language in particular, as the period covers a key period in the codification of Dutch (ca. 1550–1804). In this data paper, the author introduces and describes the Leiden University Resolutions Appendici Corpus (lurac), a single-domain (i.e., context of interaction), multi-genre diachronic corpus of 103,451 words, consisting of samples of the Appendici to the Leiden University Resolutions for ten time periods of 25 years between 1575 and 1811. Both raw data and metadata are available.
Populism in East Asian Democracies: Report on the International Lecture Series of the Institute of East Asian Studies, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (Oct 2020–Feb 2021)
Authors: Klein Axel , Krumbein Frédéric , Mosler Hannes
Published: February 2022

Diagnosing a gap in our knowledge on populist phenomena in East Asian democracies, especially the lack of attention paid to the region by comparative studies, the organisers of the online lecture series ‘Populism in East Asian Democracies’ (PinEAD) brought together small but substantial research on East Asia by inviting presentations by nine experts, three each on Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Their findings showed how different phenomena and actors analysed as populists in East Asian democracies are from those in Europe or the Americas. They also highlighted how heterogeneous the group of politicians referred to as ‘East Asian populists’ is. While, on an abstract level, most East Asian populists are similar, in that they appeal to voters discontented with the democratically elected ruling parties and executives and promise to govern in a way more favourable to ‘the people’, they do so in ways that differentiate them from the standard style of political campaigning and rhetoric in their respective country.
Mexico City, Montevideo, and São Paulo: Collective Action by Delivery Platform Workers in Three Different Scenarios
Authors: Márquez Clara , Escoto Ana , Gonsales Marco , Mariatti Alejandro
Published: February 2022

Latin American labor markets are remarked on for their structural heterogeneity, which, over the years, has been the result of a growing labor surplus. Thus, the digital labor platforms in delivery services that have emerged are breaking into a complex labor landscape, imposing new challenges. We intend to describe what forms the workers’ collective actions take and how these collective actions and their forms are linked with the labor institutions’ settings. We use three case studies with a comparative perspective of both national labor institutions and the history of collective action, particularly in the urban labor context. We collected secondary information from news media and academic bibliographies and primary information through interviews with collectives’ representatives. Our results show how the logic of digital platforms challenges collective action, and how the history of labor institutions might contribute to the rise of new forms of organization.
“Performing the Premodern in The Color of Pomegranates, Imagining and Communicating the Past”
Authors: Goshgarian Rachel , Tirnanić Galina , Trépanier Nicolas
Published: February 2022

This exchange between Galina Tirnanić, a Byzantine art historian, and Nicolas Trépanier, a social historian of medieval Anatolia, seeks to continue the conversation on the premodern world started by Sergei Parajanov’s Color of Pomegranates (1969). Here, we hope to re-imagine the film as a potential point of initiation for new approaches to reading, imagining, teaching, and writing about the medieval world, both within and beyond Armenian contexts.
The real Devario browni from the Irrawaddy River basin, and the new Devario ahlanderi from the Salween River basin in Myanmar (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Danioninae)
Authors: KULLANDER SVEN , NORÉN MICHAEL
Published: February 2022

Specimens of Devario from a tributary to the Salween River in Myanmar initially identified as Devario browni but with a different colour pattern, were subjected to a comparative morphological analysis with syntypes and other specimens of D. browni from near its putative type locality. The Salween sample was recognised as representing a distinct species, here named Devario ahlanderi. No significant morphometric differences were found between D. ahlanderi and D. browni. The type series of Devario ahlanderi differed from D. browni and most other species of Devario in the presence of 14 vs 12 circumpeduncular scale rows. Devario ahlanderi, D. browni, and D. fangae shared subadult colour pattern. Adult D. ahlanderi differed from adult D. browni in the trunk colour pattern, consisting of rows of dark blotches or short vertical bars. In D. browni, the flank colour pattern consisted of horizontal dark stripes, the middle of which (the P stripe) frequently diverged anteriorly, enclosing a small light blotch. Specimens previously reported as D. browni from the upper Salween River basin in Yunnan differed slightly in colour pattern, and may represent a distinct species. Devario ahlanderi shared spotted colour pattern with that of one ontogenetic state in D. kysonensis, except that a row of spots marking the P-1 stripe in D. kysonensis was absent in D. ahlanderi. The minimum genetic distance between D. ahlanderi and congeneric species varied from 2.1 to 5% in the mt-coI gene.
Hagenulopsis Ulmer (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae): re-description, morphological notes and a new species from South America, Brazil
Authors: CAMPOS ROGÉRIO , RODRIGUES JACKSON A. O. , LIMA LUCAS R. C. , MARIANO RODOLFO , COSTA VINICIUS , MARULANDA JHON , SALLES FREDERICO F.
Published: February 2022

Hagenulopsis diptera Ulmer, type species of the genus Hagenulopsis, was originally described based on imagos from Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. Misconceptions of H. diptera circumscription led to erroneous attribution of material from Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil, to H. diptera. Despite the increase in the number of species attributed to Hagenulopsis, little attention has been given to the type species. After comparative examination of photographs of the holotype and fresh material of H. diptera from Southeastern Brazil, we conclude that many specimens previously assigned to H. diptera represent a new species. Thus, we redescribe H. diptera and describe a new species Hagenulopsis perere sp. nov. based on eggs, nymphs and imagos. Diagnostic features of Hagenulopsis perere sp. nov. include cross veins between C and RP1 strongly clouded with brown and outer surface of mid femur with a brown spot at midlength. Finally, comments and new records are presented for Hagenulopsis minuta Spieth.
5. The Meanings, Forms and Exercise of ‘Freedom’
Authors: Zecchini Laetitia
Published: February 2022

This chapter builds on the author’s previous work examining modernisms in India through the politics and economics of literary circulation. It concentrates on the struggle for cultural, literary, and critical independence which certain spaces (like the journal Quest) and writers represented or embodied in the 1950s and 1960s. The chapter focuses on two figures: Nissim Ezekiel, who although recognized as a canonical figure of Indian poetry in English is paradoxically often dismissed, and his critical/editorial work largely neglected, and on J. S. Saxena, a writer and Jodhpur University professor whom Arvind Krishna Mehrotra regarded as one of his “heroes” but who died in the 1970s a totally forgotten figure. Ezekiel’s whole quest was to foster a “critical spirit”, to carve a non-conformist, pluralist space mindful of “little truths” and “many voices”: “Again and again, that question: to be free. What did it mean?” he asked at the turn of independence. His question resonates with an article Saxena published in Quest: “How do we stop being somebody else’s image?” where he articulates the poignant need for an “alternative” – beyond images of Europe, Roosevelt’s America, Stalinist Russia – which can be found in the “pure logic of refusal”, for instance produced by “real” blues, whose practitioners also represent a “permanent reserve of misfits” condemned to “perpetual minority”. Saxena’s piece articulates three concerns of this chapter: the question of mimetism (how do we stop writing like…); the question of form; and the question of minor modes and minor cosmopolitanisms. The struggle over the political and aesthetic implications of “freedom”, which is a defining feature of the cultural Cold War, is also a struggle over the meanings of modernism and of the avant-garde, and a struggle over form (art or literature that is “formalist”, individualist or autonomous, versus art that is “progressive”, realist and demotic). Refusing to be straightjacketed by ideology, by the state or state-supported institutions, by foreign patrons, or by models imported from elsewhere, Saxena and Ezekiel, along with other writers of the 1970s, struggled to clear a space and a voice for themselves, and to define what modernism, freedom, and the avant-garde meant to them.
7. The Poetics and Politics of Solidarity
Authors: Goikolea-Amiano Itzea
Published: February 2022

This chapters pivots around Tunisian Bachir Khreyif’s Barg el-Lil (1961), the first Arabic historical novel in which the protagonist is a Central African slave. The chapter situates the novel, set in sixteenth-century Tunisia, within Khreyif’s literary trajectory in the context of the wake of independent Tunisian print culture and state nationalism led by Habib Bourguiba, of debates about ‘committed literature’ and the wave of pan-Africanism that swept through the Maghreb and the rest of the continent in the 1950s and 1960s. The chapter further interrogates the locatedness of the story and the Mediterranean, as well as pan-African, geographical imaginaries it foregrounds, its literary form, and its language use. The last part of the chapter focuses on the interrelation between the poetics and the politics of gender and solidarity, and the work Barg el-Lil does in relation to the gendered modern ideal and state feminism, especially the 1956 Personal Status Code, promoted by Bourguiba.
Afterword
Authors: Kalliney Peter
Published: February 2022

The afterword situates the essays and arguments of the book within the broader field of Cold War Literary Studies. It notes that this collection of essays complicates the simplistic parcelling of Third World print culture into antagonistic, ready-made spheres of influence, with writers from the decolonizing regions pledging allegiance to one ideological bloc or expressing unequivocal preference for one aesthetic doctrine. Without denying or negating the real ideological pressures faced by Third World intellectuals, this volume suggests that intellectuals in the decolonizing world pursued their own agendas with more success than a straightforward conspiracy narrative would suggest. The Afterword also draws attention to non-state initiatives like Présence Africaine and, through the example of the Indonesian writer Pramoedya Ananta Toer, the pressure on Third World intellectuals by their own authoritarian states.
Tropical Cyclone Seeds, Transition Probabilities, and Genesis
Authors: Emanuel Kerry
Published: February 2022

It has been proposed that tropical cyclogenesis rates can be expressed as the product of the frequency of “seeds” and a transition probability that depends on the large-scale environment. Here it is demonstrated that the partitioning between seed frequency and transition probability depends on the seed definition and that the existence of such a partition does not resolve the long-standing issue of whether tropical cyclone frequency is controlled more by environmental conditions or by the statistics of background weather. It is here argued that tropical cyclone climatology is mostly controlled by regional environment and that the response of global tropical cyclone activity to globally uniform radiative forcing may be more controlled by the regionality of the response than by the mean response.
What Use is Freud?
Authors: Shulman Michael E.
Published: February 2022

More than a hundred years into our field’s development, examining Freud’s place in psychoanalytic education is timely. What authority does he hold for psychoanalysts in 2021? Is he still the architect, or overseer, of psychoanalysis? Freud has been a metonym for psychoanalysis, yet the history of Freud’s identification with the totality of psychoanalysis has had important unfortunate consequences. Negative aspects of this identification subtly linger, interfering in our collective appreciation of post-Freudian theoretical innovations. Too much of psychoanalysis has been “bought at the company store” of Freud’s ideas. Though part of this problem is created by idealizations of Freud, much of it stems from Freud’s precocious emphasis on psychoanalytic findings within his tripartite definition of psychoanalysis. As a result, many of his theoretical accounts were taken prematurely as definitive building blocks for a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory, when in fact they were only provisional formulations. Presently, portions of Freud’s theories are silently withering on the psychoanalytic vine. Data from the PEP-Web archive reveal the declining use of a set of once important, closely linked conceptions—Freud’s psychosexual theory and his characterology—and illustrate the kinds of Freudian ideas that have lost their usefulness. The indispensable and enduring elements in his work are identified.
Avoidant and Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: Outcomes for 16 Inpatient Cases to Target Oral Consumption Using a Medical and Behavioral Treatment Model
Authors: Lesser Aaron D. , Mathis Emily S. , Melicosta Michelle E.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Avoidant and restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is characterized by restrictions in oral intake and does not include concerns related to body image. Despite the evidence-based medical and behavioral treatments, there is limited research as they apply to ARFID, but the extant research supports hospital-based behavioral therapy. Individuals with ARFID may have comorbidities that can affect treatment, which requires multidisciplinary treatment to provide effective care. Supplementary sources of nutrition may be required for individuals with this diagnosis to ensure they maintain proper nutritional status (eg, enteral feeding).

Methods

A record review from 2015 to 2019 identified 16 participants admitted to an inpatient hospital. Of the sample, 75% of participants had a psychiatric diagnosis and 88% of participants experienced an acute event that preceded their feeding difficulties. Each participant received medical oversight, and instead of a standard treatment approach, behavioral treatment components were individualized based on each participants’ presentation.

Results

All participants met at least 80% of their admission treatment goals, and 92% of participants who completed their admission consumed 100% of their nutritional needs orally. Follow-up data indicate sustained progress for several months following discharge.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that a multidisciplinary, medical, and behavioral treatment model is effective for a variety of clinical presentations of ARFID. More research is needed on triggering events that precede restricted food and liquid intake. In addition, the extent to which these treatment components are preferred should be assessed in an effort to maintain treatment gains after discharge.
Associations Between the Cause of Loved One’s Death, Mourner’s Psychological Distress and Ongoing Relationship With the Deceased, and Mourner’s Posttraumatic Growth
Authors: Hanetz-Gamliel Keren
Published: February 2022

The current study focused on the associations between the cause of a loved one’s death, mourner’s emotional distress, mourner’s ongoing relationship with the deceased, and posttraumatic growth (PTG). The sample comprised 91 Israeli mourners following death due to traffic accident, military service, or prolonged illness. Participants completed questionnaires assessing psychological distress, ongoing relationship with the deceased, and PTG. Findings showed that in traffic-accident deaths, mourners reported higher psychological distress and preoccupation with the deceased compared to that reported by the other mourner groups. Moreover, psychological distress mediated the association between the cause of death and PTG. The findings emphasize the differences between the mourner groups.
Social Contact and Family Contact for Youth with Disabilities
Authors: Wikle Jocelyn S. , Shandra Carrie L.
Published: February 2022

Youth with disabilities may experience unequal patterns of social contact, compared to youth without disabilities. This study uses a nationally representative sample of youth (ages 15–19; N = 6,803) from the American Time Use Survey (2008–2019) to evaluate if and how social contact—defined as time spent with relatives and nonrelatives—differs by youth disability status. Outside the family context, youth with disabilities spent less time with nonrelatives compared to youth without disabilities. Lower social contact with nonrelatives was offset by increased social contact with relatives. Limited social contact outside a youth’s family context has implications for adolescent development. Social contact, and family social contact specifically, may be important forms of developmental support for youth with disabilities.
Interview with a Psychologist: Representing Marginalized Psychologists and Diversity Science in Psychology Coursework
Authors: Fish Jillian
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Since the 1990’s, psychology has demonstrated a strong commitment to the full spectrum of human diversity (Vera & Speight, 2003).

Statement of the Problem

However, psychologists from underrepresented backgrounds and diversity science (DS) remain marginalized in psychology (Syed & Kathawalla, 2020), which affects the ease with which instructors can integrate diversity into psychology curricula and student learning.

Literature Review

Accordingly, this paper provides instructors with a potential solution for increasing the representation of marginalized psychologists (MP) and DS in psychology courses through the Interview with a Psychologist project. This project was informed by the interdisciplinary psychological literature highlighting the importance of representing marginalized communities and their experiences in the classroom.

Teaching Implications

The Interview with a Psychologist project is adaptable across academic settings. When implementing the project, instructors should be mindful of the minority tax on psychologists, avoid tokenism, and self-educate on diversity-related issues.

Conclusions

As psychology departments pursue institutional efforts to diversify the field of psychology, the Interview with a Psychologist project ensures MP and DS are well-represented in psychology courses.
The job insecurity of others: On the role of perceived national job insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Shoss Mindy , Van Hootegem Anahí , Selenko Eva , De Witte Hans
Published: February 2022

Political scientists and sociologists have highlighted insecure work as a societal ill underlying individuals’ lack of social solidarity (i.e., concern about the welfare of disadvantaged others) and political disruption. In order to provide the psychological underpinnings connecting perceptions of job insecurity with societally-relevant attitudes and behaviors, in this article the authors introduce the idea of perceived national job insecurity. Perceived national job insecurity reflects a person’s perception that job insecurity is more or less prevalent in their society (i.e., country). Across three countries (US, UK, Belgium), the study finds that higher perceptions of the prevalence of job insecurity in one’s country is associated with greater perceptions of government psychological contract breach and poorer perceptions of the government’s handling of the COVID-19 crisis, but at the same time is associated with greater social solidarity and compliance with COVID-19 social regulations. These findings are independent of individuals’ perceptions of threats to their own jobs.
Bilateral Pulsatile Tinnitus Caused by Bilateral Dilated Mastoid Emissary Vein
Authors: Yang Bo , Zhang Fang , Jiang Xuejun
Published: February 2022

Pulsatile tinnitus is a rhythmic type of tinnitus. Most cases are caused by vascular disorders and present as synchronous with the patient’s heartbeat. A dilated mastoid emissary vein may cause pulsatile tinnitus. Here, we report the first case of bilateral pulsatile tinnitus caused by dilated bilateral mastoid emissary vein. The patient suffered from bilateral pulsatile tinnitus for 2 years. His bilateral tinnitus disappeared temporarily when the bilateral mastoid processes were compressed. Temporal bone computed tomographic (CT) showed the bilateral dilated mastoid emissary canals. Cranial Magnetic resonance venograms (MRV) showed the bilateral dilated mastoid emissary veins. We explained the risk of surgery to the patient. Because the patient could tolerate his tinnitus and did not have a hemangioma or tumor, he did not choose to undergo surgery.
Learning strategies of video game music makers: Informal and school-based learning for online publication
Authors: Cayari Christopher
Published: February 2022

Music is an integral part of video games and the cultures that surround them, and the sound of video games enhances the user’s immersive game-play experience. Video game music (VGM) inspires performance and the creation of derivative music in both online and offline contexts. This study was conducted to explore how musicians perceived how helpful various learning strategies were for gaining the skills to publish VGM online. A cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire was conducted at Super Music and Gaming Festival™ (Super MAGFest), an annual convention held near Washington DC, to capture data from respondents ( n = 137) who were adult musicians who published VGM online. The questionnaire captured the perceived helpfulness of learning strategies at school, other educational institutions, and informal approaches. Descriptive and inferential statistics analyses were made. Respondents found music theory courses in school and informal music learning strategies were among the most helpful learning approaches for attaining the skills they needed to publish VGM online. This article provides a starting point for the further exploration of VGM and informal music learning in the age of the Internet.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food and drink consumption and related factors: A scoping review
Authors: Shimpo Misa , Akamatsu Rie , Kojima Yui
Published: February 2022

Background: The lockdown imposed due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused several lifestyle changes. Aim: This scoping review aimed to report the present status of studies conducted on changes and factors related to food and drink consumption worldwide. Methods: Searches were performed in PubMed and EBSCO between August 6 and August 22, 2020 using the following criteria: (1) studies reporting changes in the current individual consumption of specific foods and snacks compared to that before the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) participants aged 18 years or older and without any diagnosable disease; and (3) articles that are peer-reviewed publications available in English. Studies were excluded if they involved an intervention related to diet or investigated the change in COVID-19 incidence. Results: Twelve articles were included in this review. The included studies revealed that there were various changes in food and drink consumption, such as the frequency and amount of consumption of snacks (n = 9), alcohol (n = 7), and vegetables and fruits (n = 5). These changes showed both increasing and decreasing trends. Of the 12 studies, 10 reported factors related to dietary changes, such as age, body mass index, psychological conditions, and residence; however, most of the results regarding these factors were inconsistent. Conclusions: Future studies should investigate long-term dietary changes and examine the factors that influence these changes to determine the pandemic's long-term impact.
Studying Two-Wheeler Usage in the Context of Sustainable and Resilient Urban Mobility Policies in India
Authors: Jindel Jaishree , Chandra Aitichya , Allirani Hemanthini , Verma Ashish
Published: February 2022

The rapid growth of two-wheeler usage in India is a pertinent issue that has not so far received the attention it requires. Two-wheelers serve as a cost-effective transport solution in the Indian scenario; however, this mode is afflicted with several externalities, including congestion, air pollution, and road fatalities. This study extends the existing sustainable policy and planning literature by investigating the possibility of a new policy vision to regulate, monitor, and promote sustainable two-wheeler usage in India. The procedural framework includes assessing the role and attitude of current two-wheeler users (stratified into men and women) through an online questionnaire survey, reviewing the existing policy framework of India and two international cities, examining the critical barriers to sustainable, green, and inclusive urban mobility, and recommending a set of policy interventions and reforms. The proposed reforms and strategies can improve the policymaking processes of governing agencies and the sustainability of Indian urban transport.
Classifying Heart Failure Caregivers as Adequately or Inadequately Resourced to Care: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Graven Lucinda J. , Abbott Laurie , Boel-Studt Shamra , Grant Joan S. , Buck Harleah G.
Published: February 2022

Objectives

To identify classes of heart failure (HF) caregivers based upon indicators of coping resources and stress, and then, to examine the relationships between the identified caregiver classes and depression, caregiver burden, and life changes.

Methods

Cross-sectional data from 530 HF caregivers were analyzed in this secondary analysis using a three-step latent class mixture model to classify caregivers based on level of resources and examine the relationship between the identified classes and depression, caregiver burden, and life changes. Using an online survey, caregivers reported on social support, problem-solving, family function, depression, caregiver burden, and life changes.

Results

Caregivers were 41.39 (± 10.38) years of age, 49.1% women, 78.3% white, 77.6% urban-dwelling, and 61.7% college/postgraduate educated. Three classes of caregivers (42.3% Adequately Resourced, 25.1% At Risk for Decompensation, 32.6% Inadequately Resourced) were identified. Inadequately Resourced caregivers had the lowest levels of social support, problem-solving, and family function and the highest levels of depression and caregiver burden. Caregivers At Risk for Decompensation had the best family function and reported the most positive perceptions of life changes despite low levels of social support and problem-solving.

Conclusion

Social support, problem-solving, and family function are modifiable coping resources which may buffer stress and influence stress indicators. Caregivers with few coping resources may experience higher degrees of depression and burden, and less positive perceptions of life changes. More research is needed to examine the influence of these coping resources on caregiver adaptation to facilitate the development of targeted interventions which support caregiver mental health.
Bi-layered nanofibrous membrane with osteogenic and antibacterial functions for periodontal tissue regeneration
Authors: Zhong Meiling , Lin Jixia , Yang Yudie , Liu Mingzhuo , Guo Guanghua , Ji Dehui , Zhang Richao , Zhang Jiali
Published: February 2022

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have great potential to promote periodontal tissue regeneration and reestablishment. However, the regeneration potential and microbial infection resistance of current GTR membranes still need to be improved. Here, a bi-layered nanofibrous membrane on the basis of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/gelatin with osteogenic and antibacterial functions was fabricated for periodontal tissue regeneration. The antimicrobial layer (AL) of the bi-layered nanofibrous membrane was composed of nanofibrous PLGA/gelatin nanofibers loaded with nano-silver (nAg), while the osteoconductive layer (OL) of the nanofibrous membrane consisted of PLGA/gelatin nanofibers loaded with nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA). The bi-layered nanofibrous membrane was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The results showed that nHA and nAg particles were well evenly loaded or embedded in PLGA/gelatin nanofibers. The cell culture experiments suggested that the bi-layered nanofibrous membrane possessed good cytocompatibility and the OL of the bi-layered nanofibrous membrane possessed an enhanced osteogenic capacity for human osteoblast-like cells (MG63), which was verified by the good cell viability and the increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, respectively. The results of in vitro antimicrobial study displayed that the AL of the bi-layered nanofibrous membrane possessed an effective antibacterial capability. In conclusion, the prepared bi-layered nanofibrous membrane with osteogenic and antibacterial functions may have great potential for periodontal tissue regeneration and reestablishment.

[Formula: see text]
The Impact of Parent-Child Closeness and Romantic Attachment on Dating Violence Perpetration in Adolescence
Authors: Choi Hye Jeong , Cooke Jessica E. , Madigan Sheri , Temple Jeff R.
Published: February 2022

Past research has demonstrated that romantic attachment insecurity is a risk factor for dating violence in adolescence. However, few studies to date have longitudinally examined whether earlier relational experience, such as perceived closeness with parents, may serve as an antecedent of this relationship. To examine longitudinal associations among youths’ perceived closeness with parents, romantic attachment insecurity, and perpetration of dating violence in adolescence. Adolescents ( N = 1016) were recruited from seven public high schools in south Texas and reported on their perceived closeness with parents, romantic attachment styles, and perpetration of physical and psychological dating violence at three assessments between 2010 and 2014. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Adolescents’ romantic attachment anxiety, but not attachment avoidance, significantly mediated the relationship between low perceived closeness with parents and the perpetration of physical and psychological dating violence in late adolescence. Multi-group analyses showed the mediation model only held for females but not males, and for Hispanic youth but not for Non-Hispanic White, African American, and youth of other races and ethnicities. Through its link to romantic attachment anxiety, perceived closeness with parents could play an important role in the perpetration of dating violence in adolescence, especially for girls and Hispanic youth. Findings suggest that dating violence interventions may benefit from targeting aspects of parent–child relationships.
Experimental study on temporary fastening damage of composite structures
Authors: Yan Chen , Lin Yujin , Wang Hua
Published: February 2022

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the form and characteristics of damage that temporary fasteners may cause to the composite hole in the aviation temporary fastening process. According to the shapes of the temporary fastener clamping feet, copying indenters were designed. The similarity between the quasi-static indentation (QSI) experiment and the installation of temporary fasteners was discussed. The QSI experiment was used to investigate the influence of shapes of clamping feet, prepreg category, installation direction, and other factors on the failure of the composite hole, and the displacement-load curves were obtained. The damage morphology was observed with the optical microscope and ultrasonic microscope. The results show that the QSI experiment can simulate the temporary fastening damage well. Due to the expansion of delamination, and the final occurrence of fiber breakage in the composite hole, the bearing capacity is reduced. The temporary fastening damage process can be divided into three stages: in the elastic stage, the laminate does not suffer damage, and the surface resin appears slight dents; in the delamination stage, the layers delaminate at the edge of the contact surface, and expand in the direction of fiber; in the failure stage, sudden damage occurs suddenly under the indenter, and the fiber matrix is crushed into powder. The propagation range of the damage depends on the material properties and installation direction. Compared with T700/3234, T800/X850 has greater energy absorption before the damage. Laminates have the worst anti-intrusion ability out-of-plane in the surface fiber direction. These results increase the understanding of the out-of-plane compression damage of the composite material and provide a theoretical basis and method guidance for the control of the temporary fastening damage of the composite structures. The copying indenter designed in this paper can be used for further research on temporary fastening damage.
Analysis of tangential characteristics of the paraboloidal contact model
Authors: Guo Tieneng , Ji Ruguo , Peng Liwei , Hua Xu
Published: February 2022

A paraboloidal contact model with different axial crossing angles is established. The contact model is subjected to a combined action of normal and tangential loads. Based on the Hertzian theory, the contact states of the model under the action of the normal load are obtained by deriving the equations. The contact states include critical interference values of the elastic phase, elastoplastic phase, and plastic phase. Under the action of the normal preload, the tangential stiffness of the contact model is obtained and verified by finite element simulation. Simulation results indicate that tangential displacements of the contact model in the deformation phase correspond well with analytical solution equations. Stresses and strains on the contact surface are also investigated. By employing the proposed contact model, the effects of axial crossing angle, friction factor, focal length, and normal load on mechanical properties are investigated. The paraboloidal contact model is advantageous to contact analysis for paraboloidal gears and cams.
Bovine coronavirus in the lower respiratory tract of cattle with respiratory disease
Authors: Rahe Michael C. , Magstadt Drew R. , Groeltz-Thrush Jennifer , Gauger Phillip C. , Zhang Jianqiang , Schwartz Kent J. , Siepker Christopher L.
Published: February 2022

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a known cause of enteric disease in cattle; however, its role in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is poorly understood, with a dearth of evidence of the detection of the virus in respiratory tract lesions. We coupled histologic evaluation of tracheal and lower airway tissues from 104 calves with BRD in which BCoV was detected in the lungs via PCR followed by direct detection of BCoV by immunohistochemistry and an RNA in situ hybridization assay (ISH; RNAscope technology). RNAscope ISH detected BCoV in respiratory epithelium in more cases than did IHC. Using both methods of direct detection, tracheal epithelial attenuation and identification of the virus within lesions were observed commonly. Our results confirm a role of BCoV in respiratory tract infection and pathology, and show that the virus likely plays a role in the development of BRD.
Extravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia mimicking soft tissue sarcoma in 2 cats: a potential diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Godizzi Francesco , Caniatti Mario , Treggiari Elisabetta , Romanelli Giorgio , Bonfanti Ugo , Ghisleni Gabriele , Roccabianca Paola
Published: February 2022

Papillary endothelial hyperplasia (PEH) is a rare soft tissue lesion arising from excessive reactive endothelial cell proliferation described in humans, dogs, and horses. PEH is considered a diagnostic challenge in humans, in which it is frequently misdiagnosed as angiosarcoma. We describe here PEH that developed at injection sites in 2 cats that were initially misdiagnosed as feline injection-site sarcoma by cytology and as subcutaneous angiosarcoma by histopathology. Morphologic features included sharp demarcation from surrounding tissues, and a layered microscopic architecture with an outer fibrous capsule from which emerged fibrovascular stalks covered by a monolayer of factor VIII–related antigen and CD31-positive flat-to-plump endothelial cells. Both lesions had a cystic core containing abundant erythrocytes and fibrin. PEH lesions did not recur in either case. Immunohistochemistry for α–smooth muscle actin and desmin demonstrated that the capsule was devoid of smooth muscle cells, excluding an intravascular origin. PEH in these cats was hypothesized to have developed extravascularly following trauma related to injection. We wish to provide awareness of PEH in domestic cats and of the risk of misdiagnoses leading to overtreatment.
Pediatric Cutaneous Hematologic Disorders: Cutaneous Lymphoma and Leukemia Cutis—Experience of a Tertiary-Care Pediatric Institution and Review of the Literature
Authors: Colmant Caroline , Demers Marc-André , Hatami Afshin , Coulombe Jerome , McCuaig Catherine Cameron , Piram Maryam , Marcoux Danielle , Kokta Victor , Powell Julie
Published: February 2022

Background

Cutaneous hematologic malignancies are rare in children, and the literature about them is still sparse.

Objective

The purpose of our study was to report our experience with pediatric cases of cutaneous hematologic disorders and describe their clinical and histological features.

Methods

Data were retrospectively collected from the histopathologic database of the CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada. All patients up to 18 years of age with a diagnosis of a primary cutaneous lymphoma (including lymphomatoid papulosis), secondary cutaneous lymphoma or cutaneous manifestations of leukemia, followed from 1980 to 2019 at our center were reviewed.

Results

Thirty-six patients were included. Age at presentation ranged from birth to 18 years of age (mean 7.83 ± 5.16; median 7.0). Ten different hematologic disorders were identified according to the WHO-EORTC classifications: lymphomatoid papulosis (10 cases), mycosis fungoides (6 cases), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (4 cases), pre-B acute lymphoid leukemia (5 cases), primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (4 cases), primary cutaneous CD4+medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (1 case), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (1 case), hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorder (1 case), B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (1 case) and acute myeloid leukemia (3 cases).

Conclusion

The most common subtype of cutaneous hematologic disease in our single institution study was lymphomatoid papulosis (type A and type C), followed by mycosis fungoides. Recognition of this large clinical and histological spectrum by dermatologists is important because diagnosis is often established by biopsy of skin lesions, even in secondary cutaneous cases. Moreover, the clinicopathological correlation is of utmost importance for the final diagnosis of those pathologies.
Extensor Tendon Injury After Volar Locking Plating for Distal Radius Fractures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kunes Jennifer A. , Hong Daniel Y. , Hellwinkel Justin E. , Tedesco Liana J. , Strauch Robert J.
Published: February 2022

Distal radius fractures are common orthopedic injuries. Treatment has varied historically, but volar locking plating currently predominates. Although flexor tendon injury is a well-studied complication of this operation, extensor tendon injury is less well studied. The purpose of this review is to search the literature and present the epidemiology, presentation, and treatment of this complication. The Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed, and SCOPUS databases were searched for the terms “volar” + “radius” + (“plate” OR “plating”) + “extensor.” Ninety final studies were included for analysis in this review. The incidence of extensor tendon rupture varies from 0% to 12.5%; the extensor pollicis longus is most commonly ruptured. The presentation and management of extensor tendon injury after injury, intraoperatively, and postoperatively are summarized. Radiographic views are described to detect screw prominence and minimize intraoperative risk. Extensor tendon injury after volar locking plate for distal radius fractures is an uncommon injury with several risk factors including dorsal screw prominence and fracture fragments. Removal of hardware and tendon transfers or reconstruction may be necessary to prevent loss of extensor mechanism.