bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Access Network Sharing and Its Role in 5G Networks
Authors: Afraz Nima , Slyne Frank , Gill Harleen , Ruffini Marco
Published: September 2019

This paper details the evolution of access network sharing models from legacy DSL to the most recent fibre-based technology and the main challenges faced from a technical and business perspectives. We first give an overview of existing access sharing models, that span physical local loop unbundling and virtual unbundled local access. We then describe different types of optical access technologies and highlight how they support network sharing. Next, we examine how the concept of SDN and network virtualization has been pivotal in enabling the idea of “true multi-tenancy”, through the use of programmability, flexible architecture and resource isolation. We give examples of recent developments of cloud central office and OLT virtualization. Finally, we provide an insight into the role that novel business models, such as blockchain and smart contract technology, could play in 5G networks. We discuss how these might evolve, to provide flexibility and dynamic operations that are needed in the data and control planes.
ARSA-16S: A New and Conceptually Different Approach for 16S-based Taxonomic Profiling
Authors: Pareja-Tobes Eduardo , Tobes Raquel
Published: September 2019

Here we describe ARSA-16S, a tool and accompanying reference database for the analysis of bacterial 16S amplicons. Among other features, ARSA-16S is based on a new model, approach, and algorithm for sequence-level assignment of reads understood as probability distributions, assigns reads individually, and is designed with non-overlapping amplicons covering two non-contiguous regions. A new set of primers for the amplification and sequencing of the V4 and V6 regions is also provided.
Amplicon Analysis I
Authors: Pareja-Tobes Eduardo , Tobes Raquel
Published: September 2019

Here we present 1. a model for amplicon sequencing 2. a definition of the best assignment of a read to a set of reference sequences 3. strategies and structures for indexing reference sequences and computing the best assign- ments of a set of reads efficiently, based on (ultra)metric spaces and their geometry The models, techniques, and ideas are particularly relevant to scenarios akin to 16S taxonomic profiling, where both the number of reference sequences and the read diversity is considerable.
Fixed-time Stabilization for Uncertain Chained Systems with Sliding Mode and RBF Neural Network
Authors: Pengfei Guo , Zhenying Liang , Xi Wang , Zengke Jin
Published: September 2019

In this paper, the fixed-time stabilization problem for a class of uncertain chained system is addressed by using a novel nonsingular recursive terminal sliding mode control approach. A fixed-time controller and an adaptive law are designed to guarantee the uncertain chained form system both Lyapunov stable and fixed-time convergent within the settling time. The advantage of the controller based on the sliding mode is that the settling time does not depend on the system initial state. Furthermore, we use RBF neural network to estimate the uncertainty of the system. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the performance of the control laws.
Decentralized Water Purification Using Novel Membrane Filtration Technology Approach to Improve Community Health
Authors: Raimann Jochen G. , Marfo Boaheng Joseph , Narh Phillip , Johnson Seth , Donald Linda , Zhang Hongbin , Port Friedrich , Levin Nathan W.
Published: September 2019

Introduction: In rural communities in regions with limited resources the provision of clean water remains challenging. Fecal contamination of water is very common and results in a high incidence of diarrhea, subsequent acute kidney injury and mortality particularly in the very young and old. Membrane filtration is a practical solution to this problem and recent innovation allows membrane filtration using recycled hemodialyzers. We, Easy Water for Everyone, have quantified the systematic effect on health outcomes. Material and Methods: Between 02/2018 and 12/2018, 4 communities in rural Ghana (in the Greater-Accra region) were each provided with a high-volume membrane filtration devices (NUF 500; NuFiltration using recycled hemodialyzers). Health data from montly household surveys and chart review in local healthcare facilities were collected with approval from Ghana Health Services. Specifically, data was collected on gastrointestinal disease, acute kidney injury and therapeutic interventions. Incidence rates for a five-months period before and after implementation of the device were calculated and compared to rates during the same months from 4 neighboring communities that were not yet provided with the device. Results: Acceptance of the devices and the purified water in the studied villages was good and self-reported data of 1130 villagers over 10 months from 9 studied communities in rural Ghana (11% younger than 5 years and 14 % older than 65 years) were included in this analysis. The overall monthly incidence rate of diarrhea showed a decline following the implementation of the device in the 4 study villages from a mean of 0.18 to 0.05 cases per person-month for a reduction in rates by 72% (rate ratio = 0.27). By contrast, the control group of 4 villages in the same region showed no decline in mean rates during the same months as the study period with mean rates changing not significantly from 0.11 to 0.08 cases per person-month. Discussion: Provision of a hemodialyzer membrane filtration device markedly improves health outcomes as measured by diarrhea incidence within rural communities. While our data awaits confirmation in a larger population and further statistical analyses accounting for village characteristics, seasonality and subject demographics, the obvious decline in incidence rates supports widespread use of hemodialyzer membrane filtration devices, particularly in rural regions. Rollout of the device in further sites will likely increase our understanding in terms of risk and other preventive factors modifying the incidence of diarrhea and subsequent acute kidney injury.
HEATING AND QUENCHING PROCEDURE ON THE MAKING OF TRADITIONAL BLACKSMITH STEEL WITH HIGH QUALITY
Authors: Arkundato Artoto , Misto Misto , Paramu Hadi , Jatisukamto Gaguk , Sugihartono Iwan
Published: September 2019

Blacksmith is a people's business that has been going on for a long time in Indonesia. Based on the experience that has been obtained from time to time and hereditary, the blacksmith industry has been done by the community to meet the needs of agricultural and household utensils. However, observe to this people's business, now it decreases with various causal factors, such as the ease of imported goods on the market with lower prices. Many creative efforts need to be carried out so that these people's businesses remain and increasingly develop, among others by improving the quality of the process of a blacksmith so that their products are quite competitive. This article describes the results of the research in the laboratory regarding the physical processes of heating and quenching under blacksmith, which the results have been applied to community service activities at the Suger Kidul villages in Jember Regency. The study aimed to find the most appropriate procedure for steel tool manufacturing processes so that the blacksmith products have high quality as high hardness. The physical process for blacksmith process is heating and quenching. This study analyzes the proper heat (temperature), proper processing time, and proper media for heating and quenching to produce good harness quality of the product.
FRUIT SWEETNESS CHARACTERIZATION USING IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY METHOD
Authors: Setiadi Rahmondia N , Umar Lazuardi
Published: September 2019

This paper presents fruit sweetness characterization using impedance spectroscopy method. Agricultural product processing requires technology implementation to increase its production. The fruit sweetness component is composed of a mixture of fructose, glucose, and sucrose. The measurements of these molecules are usually done with a four-point probe and use DC (direct current). In this study, a fruit sweetness characterization using impedance spectroscopy method has been developed, which uses an AC (alternating current). By using this method, the fruit sweetness level can be characterized based on the impedance measurement on the flesh of fruit. The obtained characterization results show the fruit sweetness level; it can be measured by the impedance measurement. This method could characterize the fruit sweetness well and agrees with the calibration result.
Mathematical modeling and comparative analysis of the Ebola epidemic reveal effective control measures
Authors: Li Junlong , Song Caiping , Yang Jingya , Zheng Jingmin , Zhou Lina , Zhang Zhujun , Pu Jie , Luo Yang , Zhang Hongyan , Wang Yungui , Wen Luosheng , Wu Hao
Published: September 2019

The Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a highly contagious disease which is caused by the Ebola virus . Various measures were used to prevent and control the spread of EVD. The aim of this study was to find out the most critical measures to prevent and control the spread of EVD. Both mathematical modeling and comparative analysis were used to explore the development process of EVD outbreak in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. The results of comparative analysis showed quarantined individuals before infection (R 2 = 0.848, ε = 1.012), safe burial teams (R 2 = 0.772, ε = 0.385), and the Ebola treatment units (ETU) bed (R 2 = 0.690, ε = 0.432) could significantly influence the incidence of EVD which were consistent with the results of mathematical modeling. These findings indicted that a timely and effective quarantine played a significant role in preventing and controlling the spread of EVD, and the findings would help us prevent and control the epidemic outbreak of new infectious disease in the future.
Recognition-behavioral stress-coping humoral glycolipids produced by medicated major psychoses patients
Authors: Masuda Yutaka
Published: September 2019

Background Mammalians have the recognition-behavioral stress-coping system regulated via the neuronal modules followed by some humoral glycolipids. A sulfated Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-lipid promotes the serotonergic module. GalNAcalpha1-3GalNAc-lipid promotes the adrenergic module. A Fucalpha1-2Glc-lipid protects the cholinergic module. Sialalpha2-3Gal-lipid promotes the dopaminergic module. Methods Major psychoses patients show the emotional and recognition-behavioral symptoms, and long-time medication does not completely delete the symptoms. I examined the recognition-behavioral stress-coping humoral glycolipids produced by medicated major psychoses patients. Results The major depression patients produced the sulfated Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-lipid and the sulfated Fucalpha1-2Glc-lipid, but deduced the GalNAcalpha1-3GalNAc-lipid. The mania patients produced the sulfated Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-lipid. The schizophrenia patients produced the sulfated Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-lipid, and remarkably produced the Sialalpha2-3Gal-lipid. Ruled out the medication-effects, the major depression patients decreased the serotonergic module function and the adrenergic module function, but increased the cholinergic module function. The mania patients increased the serotonergic module function and the adrenergic module function. The schizophrenia patients increased the serotonergic module function, and particularly increased the dopaminergic module function. Conclusion These suggest the stress-coping humoral glycolipids produced by the patients corresponded to the symptoms. Furthermore, I understood the humoral Sialalpha2-3Gal-lipid would be considered as another biomarker identifying schizophrenia.
Awareness on legal aspect of physical restraining among nurses in National Institute of Mental Health in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dasanayake Navodya Sewwandi , Nethmini Virangi Indrachapa , Kumari Nishanthi Manjula , Peiris Kumudumali Hansika , Vijayachithra Ganeshmurthi , Gunarathna Susil Menaka , Galgamuwa Lahiru Sandaruwan , Kumara Chandima , Fernando Neil
Published: September 2019

Background Physical restrain was one of the ancient interventions used to control psychiatric patients. It should be used for a short period, and a registered nurse is responsible to protect rights, treat with dignity and provide high quality care during patient restraining. The objective of the study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices on physical restraining among nurses in psychiatric wards and units in Sri Lanka.Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the National Institute of Mental Health in Sri Lanka and a pretested self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The associations among the knowledge, attitudes, practices and socio-demographic factors were assessed.Results Knowledge of nursing officers’ regarding physical restraining was at a satisfactory level and increasing with working experience, getting formal education of physical restraining. However, there is no significant association between the knowledge on physical restraining and working experience, formal education of physical restraining and working places. In addition, most of attitudes and practices regarding physical restraining among nurses were not significantly associated with working experience, formal education of physical restraining and working places.Conclusions Participants had satisfactory knowledges, positive attitudes and favorable practices regarding physical restraining. Continuous in-service education programs important to improve the knowledge, attitudes and practices on physical restraining among nurses.
Associations between Apolipoprotein E(APOE) polymorphisms and Cerebral Palsy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Hongyan Chen , Yan Hua , Chen Chao , Cao Ying , Zhang Xinwen
Published: September 2019

Background Apolipoprotein E (APOE ) is one of the main apolipoproteins playing important roles in the central neuronal system. The relationship between polymorphisms and cerebral palsy (CP) is contradictory.Methods The overall experimental studies of APOE polymorphisms and CP risk were researched. We conducted eligible studies identified from Elsevier Science Direct, PubMed, Springer Link, WEB OF SCIENCE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and WanFang Data up to February 2019 to make a systematic review.Results Totally 10 eligible studies were used to meta-analysis (1570 CP cases and 1982 subjects). Significant associations with CP were observed for APOE polymorphisms in allele (ε4: P < 0.001, OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.40 to 2.99; ε2: P = 0.04, OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.96) and dominant (E4 carriers: P = 0.004, OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.92) models in overall analyses. Interestingly, subgroup analysis indicated a significant increased risk for CP in Chinese patients of CP with APOE ε4 (P<0.00001, OR 3.71, 95% CI 2.37 to 5.78) and E4 carriers(P<0.00001, OR 3.95, 95% CI 2.38 to 6.53), but not with APOE ε2 (P=0.69, OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.65).Conclusions Combined with the results of our analysis, we concluded that the risk of CP was significantly increased in ε4 individuals. But meta-analysis yielded an incongruent result for the APOE ε2 allele between in multi-ethnic samples and in Chinese subgroup. These conclusions should be confirmed through further studies.
FORMATION ANALYSIS OF MULTI-FREQUENCY SIGNALS OF LASER INFORMATION MEASURING SYSTEM
Authors: Herasimov Sergey , Tymochko Oleksandr , Kolomiitsev Oleksii , Aloshin Gennadiy , Kriukov Oleksandr , Morozov Oleksandr , Aleksiyev Volodymyr
Published: September 2019

Improving the accuracy of measuring motion parameters and the volume of information exchange with aircraft requires the modern development of multifunctional radio systems that allow the combination of information and measuring channels due to frequency (time) signal selection. However, radio systems have limitations on the number and accuracy of the measurement of aircraft motion parameters, as well as information transfer rates. These restrictions will make it possible to remove laser systems for measuring with high accuracy the parameters of motion of aircraft. Similar laser systems are widely used in transmitting information to stationary or quasi-stationary objects. As a result, there was a need to overcome the contradiction between the requirements for the technical characteristics of radio systems and the capabilities of the existing scientific and methodological apparatus for synthesizing the signals of laser information-measuring systems for monitoring the parameters of aircraft motion. The theoretical foundations of the formation and selection of laser signals for combining the information and measuring channels of laser information-measuring systems are proposed and investigated. A comparison is made with known methods of combining (combining) the information and measuring channels of radio engineering systems and the features of using a spectrum of laser radiation formed by pairs of longitudinal modes that “color” each channel signal for their selection at reception. When receiving optical pairs of longitudinal modes, the intermode beat frequencies turn into radio engineering subcarriers that are well filtered and selectable. Based on the results of mathematical modeling and combinations of longitudinal modes, the choice of elements of a modified selector of longitudinal modes of laser information-measuring systems is substantiated. This determines the importance and usefulness of work for applied systems for measuring the parameters of movement of aircraft.
TOPICALITY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF MOBILE MEDICAL APPLICATIONS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF ELECTRONIC HEALTH IN UKRAINE: THE EXPERIENCE OF LEADING COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
Authors: Nemchenko Alla , Nazarkina Viktoriya , Kurylenko Yuliia , Teterych Nataliia , Tereschenko Lyubov
Published: September 2019

Today, in the field of healthcare of the leading countries of the world there is a technological breakthrough due to the use of modern electronic systems. Thanks to the use of medical electronic technologies, it is possible to improve the quality of medical and pharmaceutical care for all segments of the population. The eHealth system provides opportunities for direct participation of patients in their health, which involves organization of a healthy lifestyle and disease prevention.

The aim of the study was to analyze the experience of implementation of mobile medical applications and electronic medical systems within eHealth in the healthcare systems of the leading countries of the world and Ukraine.

Materials and Methods of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, FDA, WHO, NHS, ABI Research and other open information databases and statistical agencies were used in the work. The analytical, comparative and generalization of scientific information methods were chosen for the research.

Results and Discussion. Modern reformation and further development of the healthcare system of Ukraine provides for the introduction of not only government programs of reimbursement, but also the introduction of electronic information systems, mobile applications for medical, pharmaceutical workers and patients at all stages of medical and pharmaceutical care. The integrated implementation of eHealth determines availability of the necessary healthcare management information system, which should have the following components: registers of medical institutions, services, doctors, patients, diagnosis coding system and electronic medical documentation (electronic medical records and prescriptions). Currently, 1472 medical institutions, 24506 doctors and 21068249 patients have joined eHealth in Ukraine.

Conclusions. It has been determined that information electronic technologies allow not only to reduce government spending on the healthcare, but also to achieve a reduction in the number of errors in prescriptions, visits to doctors without the necessary needs and decrease the total number of deaths. The introduction of electronic technologies, in particular mobile applications for the national healthcare system in Ukraine should be controlled by state authorities and independent international organizations on the control and development of information electronic systems.
Impact of diffusion and dispersion of contaminants in water distribution networks modelling and monitoring
Authors: Piazza Stefania , Blokker E. J. Mirjam , Freni Gabriele , Puleo Valeria , Sambito Mariacrocetta
Published: September 2019

In recent years, there has been a need to seek adequate preventive measures to deal with contamination in water distribution networks that may be related to the accidental contamination and the deliberate injection of toxic agents. Therefore, it is very important to create a sensor system that detects contamination events in real time, maintains the reliability and efficiency of measurements, and limits the cost of the instrumentation. To this aim, two problems have to be faced: practical difficulties connected to the experimental verification of the optimal sensor configuration efficiency on real operating systems and challenges related to the reliability of the network modelling approaches, which usually neglect the dispersion and diffusion phenomena. The present study applies a numerical optimization approach using the NSGA-II genetic algorithm that was coupled with a new diffusive-dispersive hydraulic simulator. The results are compared with those of an experimental campaign on a laboratory network (Enna, Italy) equipped with a real-time water quality monitoring system and those of a full-scale real distribution network (Zandvoort, Netherlands). The results showed the importance of diffusive processes when flow velocity in the network is low. Neglecting diffusion can negatively influence the water quality sensor positioning, leading to inefficient monitoring networks.
Perioperative Management of Patients Receiving New Anticoagulants
Authors: Lamperti Massimo , Khozenko Andrey , Kumar Arun
Published: September 2019

There is an increased use of oral anticoagulants for the prevention of venous and arterial thrombosis. Vitamin-K antagonists have been used for decades as the main oral anticoagulants but they have the draback a complex therapeutic management, slow onset of action and by a different oral intake caused by dietary vitamin K intake. New non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been developed to overcome the limitations of warfarin. Their management is easier as it requires a fixed daily dose without coagulation monitoring. Although their therapeutic profile is safe, proper attention should be paid in case of unexpected need for the reversal of their coagulation effect and in case a patient needs to have a scheduled surgery. For non-acute cardiac surgery, discontinuation of NOACs should start at least 48 hours prior surgery. Intracranial bleedings associated with NOACs are less dangerous comparing to those warfarin-induced. NOACs need to be stopped ≥24 hours in case of elective surgery for low bleeding-risk procedures and ≥48 hours for high bleeding-risk surgery in patients with normal renal function and 72 hours in case of reduced CrCl < 80. The therapy with NOACs should be resumed from 48 to 72 hours after the procedure depending on the perceived bleeding, type of surgery and thrombotic risks. There are some available NOAC reversal agents acting within 5 to 20 minutes. In case of lack of reversal agent, adequate diuresis, renal replacement therapy and activated charcoal in case of recent ingestion should be considered.
Protein Engineering for Improved Health: Technological Perspectives
Authors: Mandeep  , Sinha Rajeshwari , Shukla Pratyoosh
Published: September 2019

Protein engineering has enabled development of novel proteins aimed at disease diagnosis, alleviation and improved
health attributes. The present article provides an overview of recent approaches and techniques used to modify
proteins at diverse levels, which find therapeutically relevant applications. There is immense interest among researchers to
discover new and increasingly valuable solutions for various health related issues and protein engineering could be a possible
venue to sort out such problems. In this mini review we have tried to decipher some of the novel aspects of protein
engineering in terms of protein-based therapeutics and diagnostics, in-silico tools and related approaches. A special emphasis
has been given for some innovative aspects of protein-nanoparticle conjugates; use of artificial intelligence (AI)-
based tools and post-translational modifications. Utilization of such approaches in protein engineering might be ground
breaking in future research endeavor of researchers across the world.
Glutathione, an Antioxidant Tripeptide: Dual Roles in Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention
Authors: Narayanankutty Arunaksharan , Job Joice Tom , Narayanankutty Vinayak
Published: September 2019

Glutathione (GSH or reduced glutathione) is a tripeptide of gamma-Glutamyl-cysteinylglycine and the predominant intracellular antioxidant in many organisms including humans. GSH and associated enzymes are controlled by a transcription factor-nuclear factor-2 related erythroid factor-2 (Nrf2). In cellular milieu, GSH protects the cells essentially against a wide variety of free radicals including reactive oxygen species, lipid hydroperoxides, xenobiotic toxicants, and heavy metals. It has two forms, the reduced form or reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized form (GSSG), where two GSH moieties combine by sulfhydryl bonds. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) essentially perform the detoxification reactions using GSH, converting it into GSSG. Glutathione reductase (GR) operates the salvage pathway by converting GSSG to GSH with the expense of NADPH and restores the cellular GSH pool. Hence, GSH and GSH-dependent enzymes are necessary for maintaining the normal redox balance in the body and help in cell survival under stress conditions. In addition, GST removes various carcinogenic compounds offering a chemopreventive property, whereas the GSH system plays a significant role in regulating the cellular survival by offering redox stability in a variety of cancers including prostate, lung, breast, and colon cancer. Studies have also indicated that GSH inhibitors, such as buthionine sulfoximine, improve the chemo-sensitivity in cancer cells. In addition, GSH and dependent enzymes provide a survival advantage for cancer cells against chemotherapeutic drugs and radiotherapy.
Regulatory Roles of GADD45α in Skeletal Muscle and Adipocyte
Authors: You Wenjing , Xu Ziye , Shan Tizhong
Published: September 2019

GADD45α, a member of the GADD45 family proteins, is involved in various cellular processes
including the maintenance of genomic integrity, growth arrest, apoptosis, senescence, and signal
transduction. In skeletal muscle, GADD45α plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis
and muscle atrophy. In adipocytes, GADD45α regulates preadipocyte differentiation, lipid accumulation,
and thermogenesis metabolism. Moreover, it has been recently demonstrated that
GADD45α promotes gene activation by inducing DNA demethylation. The epigenetic function of
GADD45α is important for preadipocyte differentiation and transcriptional regulation during development.
This article mainly reviews and discusses the regulatory roles of GADD45α in skeletal muscle
development, adipocyte progenitor differentiation, and DNA demethylation.
The Effects of Cholesterol Metabolism on Follicular Development and Ovarian Function
Authors: Huang Qin , Liu Yannan , Yang Zhen , Xie Yuanjie , Mo Zhongcheng
Published: September 2019

:

Cholesterol is an important substrate for the synthesis of ovarian sex hormones and has an important influence on follicular development. The cholesterol in follicular fluid is mainly derived from plasma. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) play important roles in ovarian cholesterol transport. The knockout of related receptors in the mammalian HDL and LDL pathways results in the reduction or absence of fertility, leading us to support the importance of cholesterol homeostasis in the ovary. However, little is known about ovarian cholesterol metabolism and the complex regulation of its homeostasis. Here, we reviewed the cholesterol metabolism in the ovary and speculated that regardless of the functioning of cholesterol metabolism in the system or the ovarian microenvironment, an imbalance in cholesterol homeostasis is likely to have an adverse effect on ovarian structure and function.
Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activity of Lavandula stoechas Aerial Parts Fractions against HepG2 Cell Lines
Authors: Siddiqui Mohd. A. , Siddiqui Hefazat H. , Mishra Anuradha , Usmani Afreen
Published: September 2019

Background:

Lavandula stoechas is the main member of Labiatae (Lamiaceae) family. People
use this medicinal plant in the treatment of several diseases around the world. The purpose of this
work was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of different fractions like ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane
from methanol extract of Lavandula stoechas aerial parts on HepG2 cell line and analysis of chemical
composition of the most active fraction of the Lavandula stoechas aerial parts.

Methods:

Methanolic extract was prepared by cold maceration. Fractions from extract were prepared in
solvents of increasing polarity i.e. n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. In order to evaluate the cytotoxic
effect of Lavandula stoechas, MTT assay method was used. For this purpose, HepG2 cells line were
treated with the above mentioned Lavandula stoechas aerial parts fractions with different concentrations
10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 μg/ml. The cells without treatment were served as a control.

Results:

The result of this study showed that ethanolic fraction showed major reduction in % cell survival
compared to other fractions. These results showed that Lavandula stoechas Ethanolic fraction was
highly inhibitory. Further, phyto chemical analysis of ethanolic fraction was carried out using GC-MS
technique and the reports showed Lupeol, Phytol, α-Cadinol, Lup-20(29)-en-3-one, hydrocoumarin,
Lup-20(29)-en-3-one. Other compounds included fatty acids and their esters. Some of these compounds
are being first time reported here from this plant.

Conclusion:

MTT assay showed morphological changes, which clearly support Lavandula stoecha
ethanolic fraction possesses anticancer effect which may be due to the presence of phytosterols.
Cholesterol and Dementia: A Long and Complicated Relationship
Authors: McFarlane Oliwia , Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia
Published: September 2019

Background:

There is a huge demand for efficient strategies for maintaining cognitive wellbeing with age, especially in the context of population aging. Dementia constitutes the main reason for disability and dependency in the elderly. Identification of potential risk and protective factors, as well as determinants of conversion from MCI to dementia, is therefore crucial. In case of Alzheimer’s disease, the most prevalent dementia syndrome amongst the members of modern societies, neurodegenerative processes in the brain can begin many years before first clinical symptoms appear. First functional changes typically mean advanced neuron loss, therefore, the earliest possible diagnosis is critical for implementation of promising early pharmaceutical interventions.

Objective:

The study aimed to discuss the relationships between both circulating and brain cholesterol with cognition, and explore its potential role in early diagnosis of cognitive disorders.

Methods:

Literature review.

Results:

The causal role of high cholesterol levels in AD or MCI has not been confirmed. It has been postulated that plasma levels of 24(S)-OHC can potentially be used as an early biochemical marker of altered cholesterol homeostasis in the CNS. Some studies brought conflicting results, finding normal or lowered levels of 24(S)-OHC in dementia patients compared to controls. In spite of decades of research on the relationship between cholesterol and dementia, so far, no single trusted indicator of an early cognitive deterioration has been identified.

Conclusion:

The current state of knowledge makes the use of cholesterol markers of cognitive decline in clinical practice impossible
Manufacturing of Submicrofluidic Channels Based on Near-field Electrospinning with PEO
Authors: Zhang Jiarong , Wang Han , Wang Zhifeng , Yao Honghui , Xu Guojie , Yan Shengyong , Zeng Jun , Zhu Xiangyou , Deng Jiannan , Zhuo Shaomu , Zeng Jinghua
Published: September 2019

Background:

Microfluidic channels have been widely applied in biomedicine and microelectronics.
However, the manufacturing methods of microfluidic channel devices, such as photolithography,
three-dimensional printing and Melt-electrospinning direct writing (MEDW), have the problem
of high cost and complex process, which still can't reach a sub-micron scale stably.

Method:

To improve the resolution of microfluidic channels, we developed a simple and flexible
method to fabricate polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) submicrofluidic channels. It depends on the following
steps: (1) Direct Writing Polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofiber by Near-field Electrospinning
(NFES). (2) Packaging the nanofiber with PDMS. (3) Obtaining the PDMS submicrofluidic channel
by inverted mode of PEO nanofiber.

Results:

According to the result of the experiment, nanofiber can be stably prepared under the following
conditions, the electrode-to-collector distance of 3.0 mm, the voltage of 1.7 KV, the collector
moving speed of 80mm/s and the mixed solutions of ethanol and deionized water (1:1). Finally, the
PDMS submicrofluidic channel was manufactured by NFES and PDMS molding technique, and the
diameter of the channel was 0.84±0.08 μm.

Conclusion:

The result verified the rationality of that method. In addition, the method can be easily
integrated with high resolution channels for various usages, such as microelectronics, micro electro
mechanical systems, and biomedical.
Transcriptomic Analysis of the Aquaporin Gene Family and Associated Interactors in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Magouliotis Dimitrios E. , Tasiopoulou Vasiliki S. , Baloyiannis Ioannis , Mamaloudis Ioannis , Tzovaras George
Published: September 2019

Background:

Rectal Cancer (RC) is a common type of cancer with poor prognosis. The
identification of biomarkers regarding RC diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis is crucial.

Objectives:

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the differential expression of the Aquaporin
(AQP) gene family network in RC, and the effect of Radiotherapy (RT) on their expression
profile, to indicate novel biomarkers and prognostic factors.

Methods:

We used data mining techniques to construct the network of the AQP-associated genes to
determine the Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in RC and in irradiated as compared to nonirradiated
RC patients. Furthermore, survival data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analysed
to assess the prognostic role of the DEGs, along with the functional enrichment of gene ontologies
and miRNAs related to the DEGs in RC.

Results:

Microarray data of one PubMed GEO dataset was extracted, incorporating 22 RC and 20
normal rectal tissue samples. Eight DEGs were reported. Four DEGs were up-regulated and four
downregulated in RC. Correlations were identified among the DEGs. Deming regression analysis
was performed in order to demonstrate the equations describing these correlations. One gene (Aquaporin
3) was downregulated in irradiated RC samples compared with non-irradiated samples. The
most significantly affected biological pathways and miRNAs were identified by functional enrichment
analysis.

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrates an eight-gene molecular panel that could facilitate as
biomarkers regarding RC patients, which are potential targets of five miRNA families. Finally, our
results highlight the effect of radiotherapy on AQPs and the associated pathways in RC.
Recent Patents on Radiotherapy Bed
Authors: Zhang Yongde , Dai Xuesong , Jiang Jingang , Yang Zhikang , Qin Peiwang
Published: September 2019

Background:

In order to increase the accuracy of radiotherapy and to improve the patient's
comfort, diverse structures of radiotherapy bed have been designed and improved constantly.

Objective:

To provide an overview of recent patents about radiotherapy bed and to introduce their characteristics
and development.

Methods:

In this study, various representative patents related to the radiotherapy bed were reviewed.
Additionally, the structural characteristics and applications of the typical radiotherapy bed were introduced.

Results:

The characteristics of different radiotherapy beds were analyzed and concluded. Moreover, the
main problems concerning their development were analyzed, and the current and future developments
of patents on radiotherapy bed were also discussed.

Conclusion:

Radiotherapy bed is an important part of radiotherapy system, which also determines the
therapeutic outcomes of radiotherapy. Further improvements are required in the aspects of accuracy,
comfort, flexibility and result stability of the radiotherapy bed. More invention should be laid on more
patents on radiotherapy beds.
The Real Era of the Art of Medicine Begins with Artificial Intelligence (Preprint)
Authors: Meskó Bertalan
Published: September 2019

UNSTRUCTURED

Physicians have been performing the art of medicine for hundreds of years, and since the ancient era, patients have turned to physicians for help, advice, and cures. When the fathers of medicine started writing down their experience, knowledge, and observations, treating medical conditions became a structured process, with textbooks and professors sharing their methods over generations. After evidence-based medicine was established as the new form of medical science, the art and science of medicine had to be connected. As a result, by the end of the 20th century, health care had become highly dependent on technology. From electronic medical records, telemedicine, three-dimensional printing, algorithms, and sensors, technology has started to influence medical decisions and the lives of patients. While digital health technologies might be considered a threat to the art of medicine, I argue that advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, will initiate the real era of the art of medicine. Through the use of reinforcement learning, artificial intelligence could become the stethoscope of the 21st century. If we embrace these tools, the real art of medicine will begin now with the era of artificial intelligence.
MEDICINAL PLANTS OF SELECTED WETLANDS IN ARIYANNUR, THRISSUR DISTRICT, KERALA–A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: ATHIRA K. R.
Published: September 2019

Objective: Wetlands are a vital ecosystem which provides livelihoods for millions of people who live within around them. The main aim of this study is to identify the wetland medicinal plants, medicinal values of wetland medicinal plants, to evaluate the current status of the medicinal plant diversity in wetlands of Ariyannoor area, importance of wetlands, to build awareness.

Methods: Frequent field visits were carried out from September 2018 to January 2019 to collect different Wetland medicinal plants in Ariyannur area, Kandanassery Panchayath, Thrissur district. Plants were collected carefully with hand and identified by using the standard literature such as Flora of the Presidency of Madras by J. S. Gamble, 1915-1936. The collected plants were authenticated by a plant Taxonomist Dr. Udayan. P. S. A total of 10 plant species was collected and identified during the investigation with potential medicinal value.

Results: These plants are used for curing more than 20 diseases, including Blood dysentery, cough and cold, skin diseases, anemia etc. Herbs have been called part of “nature’s pharmacy”. Although their action can in some ways be similar to modern drugs, herbal remedies are generally gentler and safer. Many of the drugs used in conventional medicine are derived from herbs [1].

Conclusion: Slight alteration of the wetland may result in the disappearance or the extinction of these plants2. This will ultimately result in large scale economic loss in terms of the medicinal product. Apart from the loss of plants, this will also result in the loss of local knowledge on the medicinal properties of these plants which very often can't be retrieved. An attempt has been made to document some of the little known medicinal properties of wetland plants used by local community.
ASSESSMENT OF MEDICATION ADHERENCE AMONG ELDERLY PATIENTS IN MYSURU CITY
Authors: KUMAR JAIDEV , MAHENDRAPPA  , KUMAR PRAMOD
Published: September 2019

Objective: To assess medication adherence among patients with chronic diseases.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out over period of one year in mysuru city. The subjects who meet study criteria were enrolled in this research study. The enrolled subjects were administered with simplified medication adherence questionnaire. The criteria to establish adherent and non-adherent were calculated as per simplified medication adherence questionnaire directions.

Results: The gender distribution of this research study was reflected with male accountable for 45.63 % followed by female 54.36%. Asper simplified medication adherence questionnaire88% were adherent and remaining 12% were non-adherent in this research study.

Conclusion: Patients with good adherence in this research study showed that they have good literacy status as well as better awareness about the existing medical condition and more consciousness may be there among these patients, what will be going to happen if their medical condition is left untreated.46.29 % males and 59.58 % females were adherent in this research study followed by 59.24% were adherent in the age range of 60-70 y as they were more conscious and less forgetfulness about medications as per the directions given by patient consultant which was oral feedback taken by research investigators during medication review in subjects home.
DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF IBUPROFEN FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS EMPLOYING STARCH PHTHALATE-A NOVEL SUPERDISINTEGRANT
Authors: KUMAR R. SANTOSH , ANNU KUMARI , LATHA B. KUSUMA , MALLIKA T.
Published: September 2019

Objective: The objective of the present research was to prepare starch phthalate (a novel super disintegrant) and to optimize and formulate ibuprofen fast dissolving tablets employing 23factorial design using starch phthalate as super disintegrant.

Methods: Drug excipient compatibility studies like Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) studies were carried out to check the drug interaction between ibuprofen and starch phthalate. Direct compression method was used for tablet preparation. Prepared tablets were then evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content, disintegration time, water absorption and wetting time, in vitro dissolution studies. Response surface plots and contour plots were also plotted to know the main effects and interaction effects of independent variables (starch phthalate (A), croscarmellose sodium (B) and crospovidone (C)) on dependent variables (disintegration time and drug dissolution efficiency in 1 minute) and stability studies were also done.

Results: Tablets of all formulations were of good quality concerning drug content (100±5%), hardness (3-6 kg/cm2), and friability (less than 0.16%). In all formulations, formulation F5 found to be optimized formulation with least disintegration time 20±0.28 seconds, less wetting time 09±0.12 seconds and enhanced dissolution rate in one minute, i.e., 91.95±0.22 as compared to other formulation.

Conclusion: From the research, it was concluded that on combination with crospovidone, starch phthalate enhanced the dissolution efficiency of the drug. Hence, starch phthalate can be used as a novel disintegrant in the manufacturing of fast dissolving tablets.
DRUG INDUCED DERMATOLOGICAL REACTION OF THE 100 MOST COMMONLY PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS IN UK HOSPITALS
Authors: AL-ABADIE MOHAMMED , OUMEISH FARIS , AL-RUBAYE MOHAMMED , AL-ABADIE DINA , BALL PATRICK ANTHONY , MORRISSEY HANA
Published: September 2019

Objective: It is commonly reported that medicines have side effects related to dermatological practice. However, it is extremely difficult to establish how commonly, or rarely skin-related medication side effects occur. Common dermatological side effects include rash, pruritus, and photosensitivity.

Objective: To demonstrate the dermatological side-effects of the most commonly prescribed medications in the United Kingdom.

Methods: This paper discusses dermatological side-effects of the commonly prescribed medications, including uncommon or rare manifestations such as angioedema and Stevens - Johnson syndrome (SJS). The list used for the most frequently prescribed drugs in the United Kingdom was created by nurses. This list was compared to the British National Formulary to demonstrate the reported frequency of occurrence of dermatological side-effects or complications.

Conclusion: The top 100 prescribed medication cause a number of dermatological side effects that need to be considered when they are prescribed to patients who have pre-existing skin conditions. Additionally, when confronted with a common dermatological problem in any patient, clinicians should always consider the possibility of a drug adverse reaction.
IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS TURMERIC, CHINNAMON, AND CLOVE AGAINST GM (+VE) AND GM (-VE) BACTERIA
Authors: MD ARIFUL ISLAM  , ISLAM MD SIDDIQUL , HOSSAIN MD ANWAR , AHMED SULTAN , AKTARUZZAMAN MD , AKANDA MD RASHEDUNNABI , HASAN TALHA MD MOWDUDUL , AL ZABIR ABDULLAH
Published: September 2019

Objective: Various diseases are caused by different pathogenic microorganisms. Antibiotics are being used for treatment of these infectious diseases, yet unpredictable utilization of it leads towards antibacterial resistance. It is required to discover better approaches to battle against antibacterial resistance. Therefore, the study aimed to detect antibacterial sensitivity of ethanol extracts of Curcuma longa (turmeric), Cinnamomumzeylanicum (clove) and Syzygiumaromaticum (cinnamon) against Syaphylococcus aureus and E coli.

Methods: Prior to sensitivity testing, ethanol oils were extracted by an electric blender and each of the bacteria strains were cultured onto blood agar plate. Antibacterial activity was tested by agar well diffusion method where three different concentrations (50 μl, 75 μl and 100 μl) of selected plants extract were used so far as to measure the inhibition zone. Inhibition zone of the ethanol extract of these plants were calculated where three were found to be sensitive against Syaphylococcus aureus and E coli.

Results: Greater inhibition zone 14.5 mm, 18.25 mm, 21.5 mm at100 μl against Syaphylococcus aureus in case of cinnamon whereas the least inhibition zone was showed by turmeric and it was 9.00 mm, 11.00 mm, and 12.75 mm at 100 μl extract against E. coli.

Conclusion: Overall, all the ethanol extracts were found to effective against these two bacteria but cinnamon can be used as more effective antibacterial agent in both human and veterinary field after the toxicological test.