bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of microstructure and mechanical properties of biodegradable polymer blends of poly(L‐lactic acid) and poly(butylene succinate‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) with lysine triisocyanate
Authors: Vannaladsaysy Vilay , Todo Mitsugu , Jaafar Mariatti , Ahmad Zulkifli , Pasomsouk Korakanh
Published: April 2010

Effect of lysine triisocyanate (LTI) as an additive on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of biodegradable polymer blends of poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(butylene succinate‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (PBSC) were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM), and bending and mode I fracture testing techniques. It was found that the addition of LTI dramatically improves the phase‐separation morphology of the PLLA/PBSC blends. FTIR analysis suggested that the NCO groups of LTI were acted as compatibilizer by attributing secondary process between the two polymers PLLA and PBSC, resulting lower peak intensity of ACI samples, understood as secondary process is polar interaction and hydrophobic process. DSC and FE‐SEM results also supported such improvement of immiscibility between PLLA and PBSC. Macroscopic mechanical properties such as the bending fracture energy and the mode I fracture properties are also effectively improved by the LTI addition. Void formation is suppressed due to such morphological change in PLLA/PBSC/LTI blends, and, as a result, energy dissipation in the notch‐tip region of the blends becomes higher than in that of PLLA/PBSC where localized stress concentration due to voids tends to accelerate fracture initiation and, therefore, lowers the fracture energy. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of nanoparticles on the performance of thermally conductive epoxy adhesives
Authors: Fu Jifang , Shi Liyi , Zhang Dengsong , Zhong Qingdong , Chen Yi
Published: April 2010

Microsized or nanosized α‐alumina (Al2O3) and boron nitride (BN) were effectively treated by silanes or diisocyanate, and then filled into the epoxy to prepare thermally conductive adhesives. The effects of surface modification and particle size on the performance of thermally conductive epoxy adhesives were investigated. It was revealed that epoxy adhesives filled with nanosized particles performed higher thermal conductivity, electrical insulation, and mechanical strength than those filled with microsized ones. It was also indicated that surface modification of the particles was beneficial for improving thermal conductivity of the epoxy composites, which was due to the decrease of thermal contact resistance of the filler‐matrix through the improvement of the interface between filler and matrix by surface treatment. A synergic effect was found when epoxy adhesives were filled with combination of Al2O3 nanoparticles and microsized BN platelets, that is, the thermal conductivity was higher than that of any sole particles filled epoxy composites at a constant loading content. The heat conductive mechanism was proposed that conductive networks easily formed among nano‐Al2O3 particles and micro‐BN platelets and the thermal resistance decreased due to the contact between the nano‐Al2O3 and BN, which resulted in improving the thermal conductivity. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1809–1819, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Rheology and morphology of polytrimethylene terephthalate/ethylene propylene diene monomer blends in the presence and absence of a reactive compatibilizer
Authors: Aravind Indose , Jose Seno , Ahn Kyung Hyun , Thomas Sabu
Published: April 2010

The dynamic rheological behavior and phase morphology of Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) uncompatibilized blends and those compatibilized with maleic anhydride grafted EPM (EPM‐g‐MA) were investigated. Effects of blend ratio and reactive compatibilization on the morphology and rheological properties of compatibilized and uncompatibilized blends have been analyzed. The viscosity ratio between the polymers was found to be sensitive to frequency which gave an indirect idea about the unstable morphology. The complex viscosity and dynamic modulus increased with increase in compatibilizer addition up to critical micelle concentration. Palierne and Choi‐Schowalter models were used to calculate the interfacial tension between the polymers. The interfacial tension decreased with the addition of compatibilizer up to CMC. It was also found that the minimum value of interfacial tension was found at CMC beyond that a levelling off is observed. The rheological properties of both compatibilized and uncompatibilized blends are found to be closely related to their phase morphology. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1945–1955, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation and characterization of hybrid thiol‐ene/epoxy UV–thermal dual‐cured systems
Authors: Sangermano Marco , Cerrone Monica , Colucci Giovanna , Roppolo Ignazio , Acosta Ortiz Ricardo
Published: April 2010

Hybrid thiol‐ene/epoxy coatings were prepared by combining thiol‐ene photo‐curable formulations with epoxy monomers, through a dual UV–thermal curing process. An increase in glass transition temperature and in storage modulus was observed for the hybrid thiol‐ene/epoxy coatings when compared with the pristine thiol‐ene UV‐cured system. Also, the bisphenol A moieties introduced into the hybrid networks during the dual‐curing process induced an increase in thermal stability of the cured materials. It has been demonstrated that the addition of epoxy monomer to the thiol‐ene photo‐curable system is a good strategy to follow in order to improve the final properties of thiol‐ene‐based coatings leading to a wide range of possible applications for the hybrid materials. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of various alumina nano‐fillers on the thermal and mechanical behaviour of low‐density polyethylene–Al2O3 composites
Authors: Malucelli Giulio , Palmero Paola , Ronchetti Silvia , Delmastro Alessandro , Montanaro Laura
Published: April 2010

Two different alumina powders were dispersed in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) to evaluate if any role can be ascribed to the crystalline phase, size and morphology of the alumina filler. In particular a submicrometric α‐alumina and a nanocrystalline transition (γ/δ) alumina were added to the polymer at 5 wt% concentration, using a Brabender mixing unit. Both the neat inorganic fillers showed a good dispersibility in the polyolefin. The thermal and mechanical properties of the composites obtained were evaluated. As expected, a significant increase of the stiffness and abrasion resistance of LDPE was achieved in both cases. Furthermore, the composites showed a higher thermo‐oxidative stability with respect to neat LDPE. Independent of their crystalline phase, size and morphology, both fillers gave a similar enhancement of composite features. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Response ofAlvinella pompejanato variable oxygen stress: A proteomic approach
Authors: Mary Jean , Rogniaux Hélène , Rees Jean‐François , Zal Franck
Published: April 2010

Alvinella pompejanais one of the most emblematic species of the animal communities colonizing the deep‐sea hydrothermal vents of the East Pacific Rise. This extreme environment is characterized by high temporal variability of its physical–chemical parameters. Among these, the variation in concentration of available oxygen should lead to a specific physiological adaptive response of the animal. To evaluate the mechanisms of this response at a molecular level, a classical 2‐DE‐based proteomic approach has been implemented. After collection (Garrett‐18S and ‐17S vent sites) animals were reconditioned in a high‐pressure chamber pressurized at 260 bar and then the oxygen concentration was regulated to a constant value corresponding to hypoxia, normoxia or hyperoxia for 7 h. The soluble proteins from gills were then analyzed by 2‐DE. The protein content of spots showing specific changes following oxygen concentration variation was determined based on comparison of MS/MS sequence data with a recently establishedA. pompejanaESTs database. Fifteen proteins, belonging mainly to three families, cytoskeleton protein, enzymes of energetic metabolism and heat shock proteins, have been identified as potentially involved in the response to the change in oxygen concentration. The significance of the relatively small set of proteins modulated by oxygen variations is discussed in the context of a potential universal cellular response to stress.
Determination of OH Groups at Plasma Oxidised Poly(propylene) by TFAA Chemical Derivatisation XPS: An Inter‐laboratory Comparison
Authors: Gross Thomas , Pippig Falko , Merz Birgit , Merz Rolf , Vohrer Uwe , Mix Renate , Steffen Hartmut , Bremser Wolfram , Unger Wolfgang E. S.
Published: April 2010

A first inter‐laboratory comparison was conducted to demonstrate and document the capability of interested laboratories to measure the fraction of COH species on a plasma oxidised poly(propylene) sample by using a chemical derivatisation XPS approach. This report presents the results from that inter‐laboratory comparison and includes the data received for the measured values and their associated standard deviations of laboratory means, at a 95% confidence level. The measurements were guided by a protocol developed within the group before and summarised shortly in the paper. Standard deviations that may characterise the state‐of‐the‐art for the nominally simple and rather often practised case of TFAA chemical derivatisation XPS of COH species on a plasma oxidised polyolefin surface are calculated following ISO 5725‐2:1994. The main conclusion is that the associated degree of equivalence reached by the participating laboratories in this comparison is still low. Further research to improve chemical derivatisation XPS protocols is mandatory.

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Plasma proteome profiling reveals biomarker patterns associated with prognosis and therapy selection in glioblastoma multiforme patients
Authors: Carlsson Anders , Persson Oscar , Ingvarsson Johan , Widegren Bengt , Salford Leif , Borrebaeck Carl A. K. , Wingren Christer
Published: April 2010

Purpose: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a frequent and aggressive type of primary brain tumor with a heterogeneous origin. GBM is highly therapy resistant and carries a dismal prognosis for the patient. The purpose of this discovery study was to define candidate plasma biomarker signatures for improved classification and novel means for selecting patients for refined individualized therapy.

Experimental design: Here, we have for the first time investigated the applicability of large‐scale recombinant antibody‐based microarrays, targeting mainly immunoregulatory analytes, for sensitive and selective plasma protein profiling of GBM patients undergoing immunotherapy with autologous IFN‐γtransfected glioma cells.

Results: This proof‐of‐concept study showed that candidate plasma protein signatures associated with GBM were outlined that could be used for GBM classification, monitoring the effects of the immunotherapy as well as for stratifying patients according to the beneficial effect of the adopted immunotherapy. Further, central key cytokines that could be utilized for optimization and/or refinement of the immunotherapeutic regime were indicated.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: Candidate plasma proteins signatures associated with GBM was outlined, that could be used for GBM classification and for pre‐operatively stratifying patients according to the beneficial effect of the adopted immunotherapy.
Probing CP violation with kinematic reconstruction at the LHC
Authors: Rolbiecki K. , Moortgat‐Pick G. , Tattersall J. , Wienemann P.
Published: April 2010

We discuss the potential of observing effects of CP‐violation phases in squark decay chains at the LHC [1]. As the CP‐odd observable, we use the asymmetry composed by triple products of final state momenta. There are good prospects of observing these effects using the method of kinematic reconstruction for the final and intermediate state particles. We also discuss the main experimental factors and the expected sensitivity.
Mineralisation of the herbicide linuron by Variovorax sp. strain RA8 isolated from Japanese river sediment using an ecosystem model (microcosm)
Authors: Satsuma Koji
Published: April 2010

BACKGROUND: Linuron is a globally used phenylurea herbicide, and a large number of studies have been made on the microbial degradation of the herbicide. However, to date, the few bacteria able individually to mineralise linuron have been isolated only from European agricultural soils. An attempt was made to isolate linuron‐mineralising bacteria from Japanese river sediment using a uniquely designed river ecosystem model (microcosm) treated with 14C‐ring‐labelled linuron (approximately 1 mg L−1).

RESULTS: A linuron‐mineralising bacterium that inhabits river sediment was successfully isolated. The isolate belongs to the genera Variovorax and was designated as strain RA8. Strain RA8 gradually used linuron in basal salt medium (5.2 mg L−1) with slight growth. In 15 days, approximately 25% of 14C‐linuron was mineralised to 14CO2, with 3,4‐dichloroaniline as an intermediate. Conversely, in 100‐fold diluted R2A broth, strain RA8 rapidly mineralised 14C‐linuron (5.5 mg L−1) and more than 70% of the applied radioactivity was released as 14CO2 within 3 days, and a trace amount of 3,4‐dichloroaniline was detected. Additionally, the isolate also degraded monolinuron, metobromuron and chlorobromuron, but not diuron, monuron or isoproturon.

CONCLUSION: Although strain RA8 can grow on linuron, some elements in the R2A broth seemed significantly to stimulate its growth and ability to degrade. The isolate strictly recognised the structural difference between N‐methoxy‐N‐methyl and N,N‐dimethyl substitution of various phenylurea herbicides. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Protein immobilization on liposomes and lipid‐coated nanoparticles by protein trans‐splicing
Authors: Chu Nam Ky , Olschewski Diana , Seidel Ralf , Winklhofer Konstanze F. , Tatzelt Jörg , Engelhard Martin , Becker Christian F. W.
Published: April 2010

A plethora of methods exist to link proteins to surfaces in order to generate functionalized materials. However, general tools that lead to functional immobilization of recombinantly expressed proteins on membranes such as liposomes or lipid‐coated nanoparticles are rare. Here we present an approach that takes advantage of a double‐palmitoylated peptide that mediates stable membrane anchoring in combination with protein trans‐splicing for efficient immobilization of recombinant proteins fused to split intein segments. Two different DnaE split inteins from Synechocystis and Nostoc punctiforme are tested and compared to immobilization via direct native chemical ligation using a protein thioester. Protein trans‐splicing proceeds at low protein concentrations and leads to functionalized vesicles and membrane‐coated silica nanoparticles. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on structure and assembly of the third transmembrane domain of Slc11a1
Authors: Xiao Shuyan , Wang Yuxia , Yang Lei , Qi Haiyan , Wang Chunyu , Li Fei
Published: April 2010

The structure and self‐assembly of the peptide corresponding to the third transmembrane domain (TMD3) of Slc11a1 and its E139A mutant are studied in 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) aqueous solution by NMR and CD experiments. Slc11a1 is an integral membrane protein with 12 putative TMDs and functions as a pH‐coupled divalent metal cation transporter. Glu139 of Slc11a1 is highly conserved within predicted TMD3 of the Slc11 protein family and function‐associated. Here, we provide the first direct experimental evidence for the structural features of two 24‐residue peptides corresponding to TMD3 of Slc11a1 and its E139A mutant in 60% HFIP‐d2 aqueous solution using CD and NMR spectroscopies. Our study shows that the membrane‐spanning peptide folds as a typical amphipathic α‐helix structure from Ile5 to Met20 with hydrophilic residues Glu12 (Glu139 in Slc11a1) and Asp19 lying on the same side of the helix. The substitution of Glu139 by an alanine residue has little effect on the structure of the peptide, but increases hydrophobicity and facilitates self‐assembly of the peptide. Although the wildtype peptide is monomeric in HFIP aqueous solution, the E139A mutant forms a dimer. The increase in hydrophobicity of the membrane‐spanning peptide and/or change in the interactions between transmembrane segments induced by E139A mutation may affect the metal ion transport of the protein. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface photovoltage of Ag nanoparticles and Au chains on Si(111)
Authors: Sell Kristian , Barke Ingo , Polei Stefan , Schumann Christian , von Oeynhausen Viola , Meiwes‐Broer Karl‐Heinz
Published: April 2010

We present surface photovoltage (SPV) measurements of metal nanostructures on Si(111)‐(7 × 7) using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS). Quantitative results are obtained from spatially resolved I(V) spectra under laser illumination. The SPV data of Ag nanoparticles deposited on Si(111)‐(7 × 7) are compared to results of a Si(111) surface partially covered by the quasi one‐dimensional Si(111)‐(5 × 2)‐Au structure. On the latter we determine the SPV as a function of laser power at different locations. An accurate value for the Fermi‐level pinning position of Si(111)‐(5 × 2)‐Au atomic chains is obtained. Based on these results we establish and discuss a simple model for the band topology. It is confirmed by spatially resolved local work function measurements utilizing the image‐state derived field‐emission resonances.
Stability of disubstituted copper complexes in the gas phase analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Starke Ines , Kammer Stefan , Holdt Hans‐Jürgen , Kleinpeter Erich
Published: April 2010

A series of nitrogen ligand (L)/copper complexes of the type [CuIL]+, [CuIIL(X)]+ and [CuIL2]+ (X = Cl–, BF, acac–, CH3COO– and SO3CF) was studied in the gas phase by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The following ligands (L) were employed: 1,12‐diazaperylene (dap), 1,1′‐bisisoquinoline (bis), 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy), 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen), 2,11‐disubstituted 1,12‐diazaperylenes (dap), 3,3′‐disubstituted 1,1′‐ bisisoquinoline (bis), 5,8‐dimethoxy‐substituted diazaperylene (meodap), 6,6′‐ dimethoxy‐substituted bisisoquinoline (meobis) and 2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (dmphen). Collision‐induced decomposition measurements were applied to evaluate the relative stabilities of the different copper complexes. The influence of the spatial arrangement of the ligands, of the type of substituents and of the counter ion of the copper salts employed for the complexation was examined. Correlations were found between the binding constants of the [ML2]+ complexes in solution and the relative stabilities of the analogous complexes in the gas phase. Furthermore, complexation with the ligands 2,11‐dialkylated 1,12‐diazaperylenes [alkyl = ethyl (dedap) and isopropyl (dipdap)] was studied in the solvents CH3OH and CH3CN. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly sensitive and positively charged precolumn derivatization reagent for amines and amino acids in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Inagaki Shinsuke , Tano Yuma , Yamakata Yusuke , Higashi Tatsuya , Min Jun Zhe , Toyo'oka Toshimasa
Published: April 2010

We have developed a highly sensitive and positively charged precolumn derivatization reagent, (5‐N‐succinimidoxy‐5‐oxopentyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (SPTPP), for amines and amino acids in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS). The handling of the derivatization reaction is quite simple and the reagent reacts with the analytes rapidly and with high efficiency. The derivatized analytes were observed to form regular and intense product ions upon MS/MS analysis; thus, highly sensitive and selective detection was possible in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. The limits of detection of the SPTPP‐derivatized analytes were less than sub‐femtomole levels. The sensitivities of the derivatized analytes increased about 500‐fold compared to those of underivatized analytes. Since the hydrophobicities of the samples increased after their derivatization, the resolution of the analytes improved dramatically when a reversed‐phase system was used. The relative standard deviations of intra‐day and inter‐day variations were below 10.6% and 13.3%, respectively. The accuracy ranged between 86.6–113% and 83.4–113%, respectively. Furthermore, the developed reagent was used for the analysis of the neurotransmitter 4‐aminobutanoic acid (GABA) and oxidative stress markers such as oxidized, nitrated, and halogenated tyrosines in rat serum. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fingerprinting of yogurt products by laser desorption spray post‐ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Jia , Qiu Bo , Luo Hai
Published: April 2010

Yogurt and related products have been directly analyzed using laser desorption spray post‐ionization mass spectrometry (LDSPI‐MS) in positive ion mode. Assignments are made for some of the abundant diagnostic peaks through LDSPI‐MS/MS analysis in comparison with authentic compounds. It is demonstrated that different yogurt products can be reliably differentiated according to their LDSPI‐MS spectra. Principal component analysis (PCA) is further used to clearly show the capability of LDSPI‐MS fingerprinting for rapid sorting of yogurt products. We believe that this sample‐preparation‐free technique can be a very useful product screening tool in the dairy industry because of its simplicity, reliability and high throughput. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of regulated releases on periphyton and macroinvertebrate communities: The dynamic relationship between hydrology and geomorphology in frequently flooded rivers.
Authors: Fuller R. L. , Doyle S. , Levy L. , Owens J. , Shope E. , Vo L. , Wolyniak E. , Small M. J. , Doyle M. W.
Published: April 2010

Flood‐type disturbances affect both periphyton and macroinvertebrate communities depending on their frequency, magnitude and duration, but some impacts can be mitigated by geomorphic constraints. We studied four rivers in the Adirondack Mountains; the Indian River experienced regulated flow releases creating bank‐full floods four times/week whereas other study sites provided a continuum of control conditions for comparison. We sampled periphyton and macroinvertebrate communities in each river along with channel hydrology, hydraulics and geomorphology. Periphyton abundance varied seasonally and among rivers depending on nitrate concentrations and scour. Flow releases created a static mosaic of patches consisting of heavily scoured bed sediment in the thalweg (high shear stress areas—HSS) which had very low periphyton abundance; boulders and rocky shoals created low shear stress areas (LSS) supporting mats of filamentous algae. Macroinvertebrate densities were highest in HSS areas whereas LSS areas had lower macroinvertebrate densities that were more similar to reference rivers, although both LSS and HSS areas had the lowest species diversity and richness. Macroinvertebrate composition in HSS areas was dominated by filter‐feeders, whereas LSS areas had more gatherers and scrapers. While all rivers had high boulder densities, the Indian River could be considered geomorphically moribund—its substrate was immobile and the channel experienced no adjustments in spite of high flood frequencies. These physical characteristics help mitigate the severe hydrologic conditions that releases create because the static mosaic of low and HSS patches allow certain macroinvertebrates adapted to this level of disturbance to persist. This static mosaic is different from the shifting mosaic pattern often observed in streams following flood‐type disturbances. Geomorphically moribund rivers may lack ecological sensitivity to hydrologic disturbances, and decisions to limit flow modification (e.g. recreational flow releases, hydropower generation) should consider whether assumed ecological impacts are likely to occur given local geomorphic conditions and constraints. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large wood aids spawning Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in marginal habitat on a regulated river in California
Authors: Senter A. E. , Pasternack G. B.
Published: April 2010

To determine whether large wood (LW, ≥1‐m length, ≥10‐cm diameter) plays a role in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) redd (i.e. egg nest) placements in a regulated, Mediterranean‐climate, medium‐sized river (where channel width is less than the upper quartile of length of potential instream wood pieces), characteristics of 527 large wood pieces, locations of 650 redds, and mesohabitat delineations (riffle, run, glide, pool) were collected during a spawning season along a 7.7 km reach directly below Camanche Dam on the Mokelumne River, CA. LW was regularly distributed across the study reach an average 70 LW pieces km‐1. Some LW clustering was evident at islands and meander bends. Spawners built 85% of redds within one average channel width (31 m) of LW. Spawners utilized LW within a 10 m radius 36% of the time in the upper 3 km rehabilitated reach, and 44% of the time in the lower 4.7 km marginal habitat reach. A greater percentage of LW was utilized in riffles in the upper 3 km reach where 90% of redds were built, while a larger percentage of spawners used LW in riffles in the lower 4.7 km reach. LW‐redd interactions occurred at greater rates than by random chance alone in the lower 4.7 km reach, which implies that LW aids spawning in marginal habitats. River managers and salmonid spawning habitat rehabilitation (SHR) projects should take LW additions into consideration as an important component of river rehabilitation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Worst‐case execution time analysis for a Java processor
Authors: Schoeberl Martin , Puffitsch Wolfgang , Pedersen Rasmus Ulslev , Huber Benedikt
Published: April 2010

In this paper, we propose a solution for a worst‐case execution time (WCET) analyzable Java system: a combination of a time‐predictable Java processor and a tool that performs WCET analysis at Java bytecode level. We present a Java processor, called JOP, designed for time‐predictable execution of real‐time tasks. The execution time of bytecodes, the instructions of the Java virtual machine, is known to cycle accuracy for JOP. Therefore, JOP simplifies the low‐level WCET analysis. A method cache, which fills whole Java methods into the cache, simplifies cache analysis. The WCET analysis tool is based on integer linear programming. The tool performs the low‐level analysis at the bytecode level and integrates the method cache analysis. An integrated data‐flow analysis performs receiver‐type analysis for dynamic method dispatches and loop‐bound analysis. Furthermore, a model checking approach to WCET analysis is presented where the method cache can be exactly simulated. The combination of the time‐predictable Java processor and the WCET analysis tool is evaluated with standard WCET benchmarks and three real‐time applications. The WCET friendly architecture of JOP and the integrated method cache analysis yield tight WCET bounds. Comparing the exact, but expensive, model checking‐based analysis of the method cache with the static approach demonstrates that the static approximation of the method cache is sufficiently tight for practical purposes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Refutation of Kira & van Eijnatten's critique of the Emery's open systems theory
Authors: Emery Merrelyn
Published: April 2010

This paper refutes the paper “Socially sustainable work organizations: a chaordic systems approach” by Mari Kira & Frans van Eijnatten. These authors make some serious criticisms of sociotechnical systems theory but in so doing misrepresent the work of Fred and Merrelyn Emery, two of the main developers of sociotechnical systems and open systems theory more generally. Each of their criticisms is contrasted with the original work of the Emerys and their colleagues. Kira & van Eijnatten also claim that sociotechnical systems theory and practice cannot achieve many of the great benefits to be expected from their own chaordic approach. Again the abundant evidence shows that their claims and criticisms lack credibility. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterizations and magnetic properties of magnetic cross‐linked high amylose cornstarch
Authors: Hu Fei , Qiu Liping , He Yanke , Wen Qibiao
Published: April 2010

The purpose of this work was to study the characterizations and magnetic properties of magnetic cross‐linked high amylose cornstarch synthesized by different processes, and then obtain the adequate magnetic biological material for wide applications. The iron oxides were bound to the polymer matrix via oxidation, co‐precipitation, and embedded processes, respectively. The obtained samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometer, and Guoy magnetic balance. Meanwhile, the influence of other relevant critical factors on magnetic effect, such as amylose content and modification method, was also revealed. The results indicated that all samples had introduced iron oxide particles into the matrix, which mainly present Fe3O4 particles inside co‐precipitation and embedded magnetic starch, and Fe2O3 particles inside the oxidation magnetic one. By comparison, oxidation magnetization method was preferable for preparation because magnetic particles had more uniform size and lesser breakage. On the other hand, superparamagnetic starch with nanometer grade (11.16−17.86 nm) could be produced. The magnetic susceptibility of products prepared by oxidation and co‐precipitation processes were both increased rapidly to maximum and then maintained stable with increasing iron content; while that of products synthesized by embedded method owned linear relationship between magnetic susceptibility and iron content. Magnetic cross‐linked starch containing 70% amylose had more advantages on magnetic susceptibility compared with those containing 50% amylose. And magnetic susceptibility got increased after cross‐linked cornstarch was carboxymethylated.
Chemometric analysis of cooked rice texture in relation to starch fine structure and leaching characteristics
Authors: Patindol James , Gu Xiaofang , Wang Ya‐Jane
Published: April 2010

Cluster, correlation, and multivariate regression analyses were used to rationalize the effects of grain composition, starch fine structure, and leaching characteristics on cooked rice texture (hardness and stickiness). The head rice grain composition of 23 U.S. long‐grain cultivars was evaluated in terms of apparent amylose content, crude protein, and surface lipids. Starch samples were prepared by extraction with dilute alkali and amylopectin fine structure was characterized by high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Hardness and stickiness of head rice samples cooked in optimum water were measured with a texture analyzer. The amylose–amylopectin ratio (AAR) of the material that leached out of the grains on cooking was evaluated by high‐performance size‐exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Simple correlation and multivariate linear regression analyses pointed to AAR as the main indicator of cooked rice hardness and stickiness. Cluster analysis showed that the leached starch from soft‐cooking, high‐amylose cultivars (e.g., Jodon and L‐202) generally had a higher proportion of amylopectin than amylose (AAR<1). In contrast, dry‐cooking, high‐amylose cultivars (e.g., Newrex and L‐205) leached out starch with a higher proportion of amylose than amylopectin (AAR>1) during cooking. The amount of leached materials itself was also higher for the soft‐cooking cultivars than the dry‐cooking counterparts. Cultivar differences in leaching characteristics were attributed to variations in apparent amylose content, crude protein, and amylopectin chain‐length distribution.
Organic catalyst for ring opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone in bulk. Route to starch‐graft‐polycaprolactone
Authors: Najemi Loubna , Jeanmaire Thomas , Zerroukhi Amar , Raihane Mustapha
Published: April 2010

The graft copolymers of starch with polycaprolactone (PCL) were prepared through ring opening polymerization of ε‐CL in bulk using N‐methylimidazole (NMI) as catalyst. The graft reaction was detected by FTIR, NMR, and the resultant starch‐g‐PCL copolymers were characterized by DSC, MEB, and XRD. Homopolymerization of CL monomer did not occur during the grafting polymerization and hydrophobicity of the resulting material was highlighted by solvent test and water contact angle measurement.
Characteristics of pores in native and hydrolyzed starch granules
Authors: Sujka Monika , Jamroz Jerzy
Published: April 2010

Low‐temperature nitrogen adsorption and mercury porosimetry were applied for analyzing effect of α‐amylolysis upon the porosity of granules of native corn, wheat, rice, and potato starches. Specific surface area (SBET), porosity, pore size distribution, total pore area, and mean pore radius were determined for native and digested granules. It was found that native starch granules are macroporous materials with a small participation of mesopores. In the case of native starches, the highest value of SBET was obtained for rice starch (1.27 m2/g) and the lowest – for potato starch (0.14 m2/g). Pore size distribution curves obtained by nitrogen adsorption showed peaks in the range of diameters 2–3 nm (for all starches) and 100–200 nm (for corn and rice starches). After 60 min of enzyme action, surface area of all starches doubled in comparison to native ones. Arising of the new pores was also noted. The results of mercury porosimetry measurements showed that rice starch had the highest total area of pores and porosity but the lowest mean pore radius among all native starches. The pore size distribution curves for all starches exhibited solely one peak corresponding to the dominant group of pores of the radii in the range 0.5–8 µm, dependent on the starch source. There were also much smaller peaks situated within the range of 3–30 µm. After α‐amylolysis of corn and rice starches, the average radius of the dominant group of pores diminished. No substantial changes in the pore radii could be noted for potato starch.
Endothelial Progenitor Cells Homing and Renal Repair in Experimental Renovascular Disease
Authors: Chade Alejandro R. , Zhu Xiang-Yang , Krier James D. , Jordan Kyra L. , Textor Stephen C. , Grande Joseph P. , Lerman Amir , Lerman Lilach O.
Published: April 2010

Tissue injury triggers reparative processes that often involve endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) recruitment. We hypothesized that atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) activates homing signals that would be detectable in both the kidney and EPCs, and attenuated on renal repair using selective cell-based therapy. Pigs were treated with intrarenal autologous EPC after 6 weeks of ARAS. Four weeks later, expression of homing-related signals in EPC and kidney, single kidney function, microvascular (MV) density, and morphology were compared with untreated ARAS and normal control pigs (n = 7 each). Compared with normal EPC, EPC from ARAS pigs showed increased stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1, angiopoietin-1, Tie-2, and c-kit expression, but downregulation of erythropoietin (EPO) and its receptor. The ARAS kidney released the c-kit-ligand stem cell factor, uric acid, and EPO, and upregulated integrin β2, suggesting activation of corresponding homing signaling. However, angiopoietin-1 and SDF-1/CXCR4 were not elevated. Administration of EPC into the stenotic kidney restored angiogenic activity, improved MV density, renal hemodynamics and function, decreased fibrosis and oxidative stress, and attenuated endogenous injury signals. The ARAS kidney releases specific homing signals corresponding to cognate receptors expressed by EPC. EPC show plasticity for organ-specific recruitment strategies, which are upregulated in early atherosclerosis. EPC are renoprotective as they attenuated renal dysfunction and damage in chronic ARAS, and consequently decreased the injury signals. Importantly, manipulation of homing signals may potentially allow therapeutic opportunities to increase endogenous EPC recruitment.
Unterdrückung des Defektwachstums
Authors: Kaulfuß Frank , Zimmer Otmar
Published: April 2010

Klassische Hartstoffschichten, wie z. B. Metallnitride, ‐oxide oder hartamorphe Kohlenstoffschichten werden gewöhnlich in Schichtdicken bis ca. 10 μm angewendet.

Die Herstellung solcher Schichten wird industriell sehr gut beherrscht, weshalb sie zum Verschleißschutz auf Werkzeugen und Komponenten eingesetzt werden.

Die Herstellung dickerer Schichten (>10 μm) mit PVd‐Verfahren ist eine Herausforderung. Neben störenden Eigenspannungszuständen bilden sich bei dickeren Schichten oft inhomogene Schichtstrukturen aus, die durch Wachstumsdefekte oder eingelagerte Partikel hervorgerufen werden. Deren Bildung oder zumindest deren weiteres Wachstum muss beim Beschichtungsprozess verhindert werden. Dies kann beispielsweise durch einen geeigneten Lagenaufbau der Schichten oder durch eine optimierte Prozessführung erreicht werden. über eine nachträgliche Schleifbearbeitung dieser Schichten konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass sie für eine Strukturierung ausreichend homogen sind. Damit ergeben sich zahlreiche neue Einsatzmöglichkeiten.
Nicht‐thermische Plasmen zum Emissionsschutz
Authors: Brandenburg Ronny , Basner Ralf , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter
Published: April 2010

Die Reduzierung der Schadstoffemission aus Abgasen und Abluft wird mehr und mehr zu einer existenziellen Aufgabe in der hochentwickelten Industriegesellschaft. In Folge der Wirkung auf die Luft, den Boden und die Gewässer beeinflussen Verunreinigungen die gesamte Umwelt und damit die menschliche Gesundheit. Aus diesem Grund unterliegen Umweltnormen und –standards einer ständigen Verschärfung seitens nationaler und internationaler Behörden. Möglichkeiten zur Eindämmung der Luftverschmutzung mit Hilfe von nichtthermischen Plasmen sind bereits gut bekannt. Plasmen enthalten aktive und äußerst reaktive Komponenten wie Elektronen, Ionen, Atome, Moleküle und Radikale, die Schadstoffmoleküle und Aerosole abbauen können. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zu den Möglichkeiten der Schadstoffbeseitigung mittels nichtthermischer Plasmen. Kommerziell verfügbare und nahezu kommerzialisierte plasmabasierende und plasmaunterstützte Prozesse zur Abgasbehandlung und Geruchsbeseitigung werden vorgestellt. Die gegenwärtigen Trends und Konzepte werden diskutiert.
Kolmogorov–Zurbenko filters
Authors: Yang Wei , Zurbenko Igor
Published: April 2010

We reviewed the properties of the Kolmogorov–Zurbenko (KZ) filter and its extensions with applications in high resolution signal and image processing. The KZ filter is defined as an iteration of a moving average (MA) filter. The impulse response function of the KZ filter is a convolution of the rectangular window being used in a MA filter. Zero derivatives at the edges of the impulse response function make it a sharply declining function, providing high frequency resolution. The KZ Fourier transform (KZFT) is derived from the KZ filter by applying it to Fourier transform. Extensions of the KZ filter and the KZFT are demonstrated with examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Signal and Image Processing and Coding
Statistical methods in seismology
Authors: Anderson Dale N. , Shumway Robert H. , Blandford Robert R. , Taylor Steven R.
Published: April 2010

On July 16, 1945 the first nuclear weapon test (code named Trinity) began an evolution in warfare that led to the cold war where mutually assured destruction (MAD) prevented nuclear conflict between nations. The generation that fought the cold war understood the destructive power of a nuclear weapon—many had observed first hand the ruins of Nagasaki and Hiroshima. The modern nuclear weapon has the potential to kill over 1,000,000 people in seconds if detonated in a large metropolitan city. In contrast to the man‐made threat of nuclear weapons, there are an estimated 230,000 people dead or presumed so as a result of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Seismology is the core science in monitoring for nuclear weapon tests worldwide—an essential function in global efforts to eliminate nuclear weapons. Equally important, seismology provides the theory and methods to monitor and warn for natural threats such as the Indian Ocean tsunami. Today, many scientists continue research and development efforts to more effectively monitor natural seismic activity and eliminate nuclear weapons from the globe. This article reviews an important aspect of that research—mathematical statistics contributions to seismic monitoring with emphasis on underground nuclear weapon test monitoring. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Physics and Computational Geophysics
Systems biology of pro‐angiogenic therapies targeting the VEGF system
Authors: Mac Gabhann Feilim , Qutub Amina A. , Annex Brian H. , Popel Aleksander S.
Published: April 2010

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a family of cytokines for which the dysregulation of expression is involved in many diseases; for some, excess VEGF causes pathological hypervascularization, while for others VEGF‐induced vascular remodeling may alleviate ischemia and/or hypoxia. Anti‐angiogenic therapies attacking the VEGF pathway have begun to live up to their promise for treatment of certain cancers and of age‐related macular degeneration. However, the corollary is not yet true: in coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease, clinical trials of pro‐angiogenic VEGF delivery have not, so far, proven successful. The VEGF and VEGF‐receptor system is complex, with at least five ligand genes, some encoding multiple protein isoforms and five receptor genes. A systems biology approach for designing pro‐angiogenic therapies, using a combination of quantitative experimental approaches and detailed computational models, is essential to deal with this complexity and to understand the effects of drugs targeting the system. This approach allows us to learn from unsuccessful clinical trials and to design and test novel single therapeutics or combinations of therapeutics. Among the parameters that can be varied in order to determine optimal strategy are dosage, timing of multiple doses, route of administration, and the molecular target. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods

Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine
Recurrence and Treatment Pattern in Long‐Term Survivors with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comparison between Radiofrequency Ablation and Surgery as a First‐line Treatment
Authors: Kim Hyojin , Rhim Hyunchul , Choi Dongil , Lim Hyo K. , Kim Young‐sun , Lee Won Jae , Joh Jae Won
Published: April 2010

Background

We compare the recurrence and treatment pattern in long‐term survivors after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and surgery for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

This retrospective study included 121 patients who survived for more than 5 years [RFA (n = 61) vs. surgery (n = 60)]. All patients underwent follow‐up CT at a 3–4‐month interval after the first‐line treatment. The mean overall and disease‐free survival duration was analyzed. The pattern of recurrence and treatment modalities for recurrence was compared between the patients who received RFA or surgery.

Results

Disease‐free survivors were found in 30% (18/61) of the RFA group and 60% (36/60) of the surgery group, respectively (P = 0.001). The mean disease‐free survival duration were 35.4 months for the RFA group and 60.2 months for the surgery group, respectively (P = 0.018). Recurrence after initial treatment was more frequent in RFA group than for surgery group (mean number, 3.3 vs. 1.2; P = 0.000). There were no significant differences in the recurrence pattern and the treatment pattern for the recurrence between the both groups.

Conclusions

Surgery is superior to RFA for the treatment of HCC in terms of disease‐free survival and frequency of recurrence, although the overall survival duration, pattern of recurrence, and treatment pattern were similar between the both groups.
Endobronchial Ultrasound‐Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration of Undiagnosed Chest Tumors
Authors: Eckardt Jens , Olsen Karen E. , Licht Peter B.
Published: April 2010

Background

A number of patients with radiologically suspicious chest tumors remain undiagnosed despite bronchoscopy or CT‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (CT‐FNA). Such patients are often referred for mediastinoscopy, which is an invasive surgical procedure that poses a small but significant risk to the patient. Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS) is a well‐established method for mediastinal staging of lung cancer but may also be used as a diagnostic tool in patients with undiagnosed intrathoracic lesions.

Methods

During a 36‐month period (January 2006 to December 2008), 601 patients underwent EBUS under general anesthesia. Two hundred ninety‐three (293) patients had an established diagnosis of lung cancer and were referred to us for mediastinal staging. The remaining 308 patients had a radiologically suspicious lesion and had been investigated previously by CT and bronchoscopy, including brush cytology, but remained undiagnosed.

Results

Overall, EBUS was able to diagnose 55% of the 308 patients. Diagnostic yield was significantly higher in central parenchymal lesions (72%) compared with enlarged lymph nodes (54%) or peripheral lesions (43%) (P < 0.05). All patients were examined as outpatients and there was not a single complication in any patient.

Conclusions

EBUS is a valuable tool to diagnose chest lesions and yield depends on the anatomical location. We believe that EBUS should be the first choice for further workup in patients who remain undiagnosed after conventional CT and bronchoscopy because it is very safe, fast, and minimally invasive.