bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching Young EFL Learners New Vocabulary: A Comparison of the Efficiency of Traditional and Personalized TPR Strategies
Authors: Liu Pei-Lin , Chen Chiu-Jung , Chen Hsiao-Chen
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a personalized teaching strategy based on Total Physical Response (TPR) to acquire new words. TPR combines target language items with semantically corresponding gestures conducive to learners understanding and memorizing them by repeatedly executing commands from their teachers. One limitation of TPR is that it does not allow students any freedom to creatively execute an order in ways that seem to be more interesting and meaningful to them. To address these disadvantages, we have integrated the TPR teaching strategy with a personalized teaching strategy. The participants of the experimental group (EG) performed their movements creatively; they integrated the movements with the target words to produce video productions. The participants in the control group (CG) followed the dance video supplied with the textbook. The results of the study demonstrated that the personalized TPR teaching strategy is effective and helpful for recalling the meaning of English vocabulary for higher-level students. The results of this study can benefit K-12 teachers to determine and incorporate best TPR practices for students of different levels.
SPINE20 Recommendations 2024 -Spinal Disability: Social Inclusion as a Key to Prevention and Management
Authors: Menezes Cristiano M. , Tucci Carlos , Tamai Koji , Chhabra Harvinder S. , Alhelal Fahad H. , Bussières André E. , Muehlbauer Eric J. , Roberts Lisa , Alsobayel Hana I. , Barneschi Guido , Campello Marco A. , Côté Pierre , Duchén Rodríguez Luís Miguel , Cristante Alexandre F. , Kamra Komal , Kitamura Kazuya , Meves Robert , Risso-Neto Marcelo I. , Vlok Adriaan J. , Wadhwa Sanjay , Wiechert Karsten , Yurac Ratko , Blattert Thomas , Costanzo Giuseppe , Darwono Bambang , Nordin Margareta , Al Athbah Yahya S. , Alturkistany Ahmed , Chahal Rupinder , Franke Joerg , Ito Manabu , Arand Markus , Pereira Paulo , Ruosi Carlo , Sullivan William J. , Andújar André L. F. , Ribeiro Carlos Henrique , Carelli Luis Eduardo , Sardá Jamir , Machado Ana Lígia G. E. , AlEissa Sami
Published: October 2024

Spine disorders are the leading cause of disability worldwide. To promote social inclusion, it is essential to ensure that people can participate in their societies by improving their ability, opportunities, and dignity, through access to high-quality, evidence-based, and affordable spine services for all.

To achieve this goal, SPINE20 recommends six actions.

- SPINE20 recommends that G20 countries deliver evidence-based education to the community health workers and primary care clinicians to promote best practice for spine health, especially in underserved communities.

- SPINE20 recommends that G20 countries deliver evidence-based, high-quality, cost-effective spine care interventions that are accessible, affordable and beneficial to patients.

- SPINE20 recommends that G20 countries invest in Health Policy and System Research (HPSR) to generate evidence to develop and implement policies aimed at integrating rehabilitation in primary care to improve spine health.

- SPINE20 recommends that G20 countries support ongoing research initiatives on digital technologies including artificial intelligence, regulate digital technologies, and promote evidence-based, ethical digital solutions in all aspects of spine care, to enrich patient care with high value and quality.

- SPINE20 recommends that G20 countries prioritize social inclusion by promoting equitable access to comprehensive spine care through collaborations with healthcare providers, policymakers, and community organizations.

- SPINE20 recommends that G20 countries prioritize spine health to improve the well-being and productivity of their populations. Government health systems are expected to create a healthier, more productive, and equitable society for all through collaborative efforts and sustained investment in evidence-based care and promotion of spine health.
A Bibliometric Analysis and Network Visualization of Financial Inclusion Research Trend in the Last Decade
Authors: Sangma Amit , Das Joy
Published: October 2024

Financial inclusion (FI) is crucial in reducing extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity, and, looking at the importance of FI, researchers around the globe, for a few decades, have been working on different aspects of FI. The current research aims to examine the scholarly literature on FI through the application of bibliometric analysis. The analysis of the research article is based on the search results using keywords associated with the FI in the Scopus database and analyzed using VOSviewer statistical tool. A total of 356 research articles were selected that were published from 2013 to 2022. The article identified Klapper L. as the most prominent researcher, The World Bank as the leading organization, and United States as the leading country as the key contributors to the area. Further, the article depicts that the research trends are centered around economic growth, financial literacy, and poverty. This article provides policymakers and scholars with areas to explore further, such as factors contributing to financial exclusion, issues with digital FI, and issues with microfinance and mobile money in developing nations. Such insights provide a new pathway to the future researchers to address the issues concerning FI.
Comparison of a Novel Modified PLA/HA Bioabsorbable Interference Screw With Conventional PLGA/β-TCP Screw: Effect on 1-Year Postoperative Tibial Tunnel Widening in a Canine ACLR Model
Authors: Jiang Chuan , Peng Huaming , Sun Yang , Xu Sicheng , Li Weiping , Huang Yucheng , Xiang Dong , Fan Xiaoshan , Zhao Jinzhong , He Chaobin , Song Bin
Published: October 2024

Background:

Tibial bone tunnel widening (TW) is a common postoperative phenomenon after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Purpose:

To compare the physical, biomechanical, osteoinductive, and histological characteristics of 2 fabricated bioabsorbable interference screws: (1) a modified poly(l-lactide- co-d, l-lactide) and hydroxyapatite (mPLA/HA) screw and (2) a poly(l-lactide- co-glycolide) and β-tricalcium phosphate (PLGA/β-TCP) screw; and to evaluate the effect of the PLA/HA screw on ameliorating postoperative TW in a canine ACLR model.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

In vitro, the physical and biomechanical properties of the mPLA/HA and PLGA/β-TCP screws were tested. The osteoinductive activity of the screws was studied by cell experiments. In vivo, ACLR was performed on 48 beagle dogs, divided into the mPLA/HA group and the PLGA/β-TCP group. The femoral and tibial ends of the graft were both fixed with screws. Six animals in each group were sacrificed after live computed tomography (CT) scanning at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. For six knee samples of each group, three knee samples underwent biomechanical testing, and 1 of them, along with the other 3 samples, underwent micro-CT and histological examination to evaluate tibial TW.

Results:

The mPLA/HA screw exhibited better particle dispersion, bending strength, desirable self-locking effect, and optimized degradation behavior both in vivo and in vitro. Histologically, the mPLA/HA screw had comparative osteoinductive activity. There was good screw-bone integration using the mPLA/HA screw, while most fibrous scar healing was in the PLGA/β-TCP group. There were significant differences between the mPLA/HA and PLGA/β-TCP groups in tibial bone tunnel diameter at the screw body (6 months postoperatively: 5.09 ± 0.44 vs 7.12 ± 0.67; 12 months postoperatively: 4.83 ± 0.27 vs 6.23 ± 0.56; P < .01 for both) and the screw tail (6 months postoperatively: 4.84 ± 0.28 vs 5.97 ± 0.73; 12 months postoperatively: 4.77 ± 0.29 vs 5.92 ± 0.56; P < .01 for both).

Conclusion:

Compared with the PLGA/β-TCP screw commonly used in clinics at present, the mPLA/HA screw had comparative biosafety and mechanical properties, satisfactory biomechanical properties, and osteoinductive activity in vivo and in vitro. It effectively ameliorated the postoperative tibial TW in a canine ACLR model and increased the quality of screw-bone integration.

Clinical Relevance:

The good mechanical and biological properties of the mPLA/HA screws may provide an option to reduce the incidence of complications after ACLR.
Vision and Goals as the New Editor-in-Chief of Global Pediatric Health
Authors: Chan Kee
Published: October 2024

As the newly appointed Editor-in-Chief (EIC) of Global Pediatric Health (GPH), it is both an honor and a privilege to lead this prestigious journal, building upon the strong foundation established by my predecessor, Dr. Aishat Akere. Under her leadership and that of her predecessors, GPH has grown into a globally recognized platform for clinical studies, case studies, public health research, and health services delivery practices focused on the pediatric population. Dr. Akere’s tenure was marked by significant achievements, including the expansion of the Editorial Board, which strengthened the journal’s editorial team and expanded its global reach. My appointment comes at a time when the landscape of academic publishing is rapidly evolving, particularly with the rise in the number of online journals. Despite these changes, GPH continues to stand out, receiving over 230 submissions and more than 350 000 downloads in the year 2023 alone. These numbers reflect not only the journal’s relevance but also the trust that researchers and clinicians worldwide place in GPH as a reliable source of high-quality pediatric health research. As I step into this role, my vision is to further elevate the journal’s standing and impact by focusing on several key goals that align with the needs of our authors, the global community, and the field of pediatric health at large.
Caretaker’s Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding the Causes, Treatments, and Risks of Diarrhea Among Under-Five Children in North-Eastern Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Liheluka Edwin Adrian , Bali Theodora , Lyimo Eric , Dekker Denise , Gibore Nyasiro Sophia
Published: October 2024

Background. Pediatric diarrhea remains a public health concern. This study explored caretaker’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the causes, treatments, and risks of diarrhea among under-fives in Korogwe and Handeni districts, north-eastern Tanzania. Methods. We conducted a qualitative, cross-sectional study. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, and they were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results. Most participants had good knowledge about the risks of diarrhea among under-fives. However, most participants had poor knowledge of the causes and treatments of diarrhea. A significant proportion of participants had negative attitudes and poor practices about the treatment of diarrhea. A small percentage of participants possessed positive attitudes and appropriate practices for managing diarrhea. Conclusion. To bridge the knowledge gaps among caretakers and promote positive attitudes and behaviors about the management of diarrheal diseases, health authorities are urged to strengthen health education in the study communities.
Nurses’ Perceptions of Support in Cancer Pharmacotherapy at a University Hospital: A Descriptive Quantitative Study
Authors: Saiki Masatoshi , Fujisawa Yoko , Sakai Naoko , Tsukahara Nobuko , Okamoto Yuriko , Sano Motohiro , Kusunoki Junko , Masujima Mariko , Sakai Ikuko , Majima Tomoko
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Advances in treatment have transformed cancer from a fatal to a chronic illness. This requires healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, to have advanced knowledge and collaborative skills. However, challenges persist in implementing patient-centered care in the context of evolving treatment complexity.

Objectives

This study aimed to clarify nurses’ support practices in providing cancer pharmacotherapy at a university hospital in Japan and compare these practices based on nurses’ years of experience.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted from February to April 2023 among 430 nurses involved in provision of cancer pharmacotherapy at a Japanese university hospital. Nurses were asked about the types of support they provided during care for patients undergoing cancer pharmacotherapy. Nurses’ cancer pharmacotherapy support practices were extracted using factor analysis, and differences in support scores by years of experience were examined.

Results

Responses were received from 184 nurses (42.8% response rate). Three support factors were identified: “Providing patient-centered cancer pharmacotherapy,” “Management of continued cancer pharmacotherapy treatment,” and “Assessment of and response to physical symptoms.” Scores for “Providing patient-centered cancer pharmacotherapy” were significantly lower than those for the other two factors ( p < .001). The group with ≥10 years of nursing experience had statistically significantly lower practice scores than those with 4–9 years of experience.

Conclusions

Enhancing nursing education and interprofessional collaboration are crucial to overcome barriers to patient-centered cancer care. Continuous learning opportunities are essential to adapt to evolving cancer treatment protocols and ensure delivery of patient-centered care, particularly for experienced nurses.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Nursing Preceptors’ Perspectives About Preceptorship and Organizational Support
Authors: Ibrahim Rasha , Varghese Manju , Salim Said Saleh
Published: October 2024

Background

A skilled and experienced preceptor enhances nursing candidates’ education. Students can acquire invaluable insights by observing and learning from the preceptor's professional nursing practice. Organizations must furnish sufficient support to guarantee the efficacy of preceptors in their responsibilities.

Objective

To evaluate preceptors’ perceptions of the preceptorship and the relationship between organizational support and preceptor perspective of preceptorship.

Methods

A cross-sectional correlational design was deployed using purposive sampling of 90 nurses in the UAE. Between August 2023 and December 2023, a self-reported questionnaire with 40 items on preceptor perspectives of preceptorship (PPP) was distributed to nurses. The student's t-test, Chi-square, Monte Carlo, Fisher Exact, and Pearson coefficient were used.

Results

The results revealed that most participants were female (71.1%), with 48.9% between 36 and 45 years old. The mean score for the PPP was high (73.81 ± 10.92). There was a significant association between age, years of nursing experience, work area, and overall PPP. A strong correlation was found between self-preparation ( r = .675), preceptorship perception commitment ( r = .762), and the benefits of preceptorship ( r = .830), along with organizational support.

Conclusion

The preceptors in this study had a positive perspective about preceptorship. Their acknowledgment of preceptorship's benefits to the organization shows their optimism and dedication. Future studies should analyze preceptor training programs and devise initiatives to improve clinical teaching.
Benefits of Dental Scaling and Polishing in Adults: A Rapid Review and Evidence Synthesis
Authors: Matthews D.C. , Al-Waeli H.
Published: October 2024

Background:

This rapid review assessed evidence to inform policy on the clinical effectiveness and optimal frequency of dental scaling and polishing (S&P) for adults, including those with low incomes eligible for the Canadian Dental Care Plan.

Methods:

A rapid review was conducted according to Cochrane Recommendations for Rapid Reviews. Populations included all adults, adults with periodontitis, and those with inequitable access to dental care. Primary outcomes included gingival inflammation, probing depths, and tooth loss. Secondary outcomes included oral health–related quality of life and economic impact. Four databases were searched for randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, cohort studies, and practice guidelines. Risk of bias was evaluated using Cochrane Risk of Bias, Newcastle-Ottawa, ROBIS, and AGREE II tools. A qualitative synthesis was planned.

Results:

In total, 3,181 references were retrieved: 4 applied to “all adults” and 4 to those with periodontitis. All reports had low risk of bias. One systematic review and one multicenter trial of adults with regular dental care found no clinical benefit regardless of S&P interval; however, patients valued and were willing to pay for regular scaling. One claims-based study reported regular S&P reduced tooth loss, and 2 clinical practice guidelines found a reduced risk of future attachment and tooth loss, lower overall health care costs for diabetes, and reduced costs for and incidence of acute myocardial infarction in those with regular S&P. There were no studies of underserved populations.

Conclusions:

For adults with no or early periodontal disease and regular access to dental care, routine S&P may have little clinical benefit but reduces tooth loss and some health care expenses. In patients with periodontitis, scaling intervals tailored to individual risk profile and periodontal status can maintain health. There is no evidence on the impact of routine S&P on patients with barriers accessing care.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

In terms of the benefits of routine scaling and polishing in adults, this rapid review found mixed evidence with a high level of certainty due to minimal risk of bias in the appraised studies for “regular dental attenders” and those with a diagnosis of periodontal diseases. Tailored intervals for dental scaling are beneficial for those diagnosed with periodontitis but may not provide the clinical benefits previously expected for adults at low risk. There is no evidence that dental polishing is effective. No evidence was found to support recommendations about the clinical effectiveness of scaling or the most appropriate recall intervals for scaling for low-income Canadians eligible for dental services under the new Canadian Dental Care Plan.
Effect Modification by Obesity on Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment
Authors: Kaye E. , McDonough R. , Singhal A. , Garcia R.I. , Jurasic M.
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Obesity is associated with increased periodontal disease prevalence and incidence. This retrospective cohort study examined whether body mass index (BMI) is an effect modifier of periodontal treatment outcomes in patients attending an urban dental school clinic.

Methods:

Data were extracted from electronic health records of 344 patients at a large urban dental school clinic who had at least 1 tooth with a probing pocket depth (PD) ≥5 mm at baseline and who subsequently received nonsurgical periodontal treatment. BMI was computed from self-reported weight and height and categorized as obese (≥30 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), or healthy (18–24.9 kg/m2). The primary treatment outcome of interest was defined as having no teeth with PD ≥5 mm in a quadrant on follow-up after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. That outcome was considered to represent treatment success in this study. Secondary outcomes included changes in mean PD and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Analyses included 879 treated quadrants among 344 patients (185 males, 159 females; mean age 49 ± 12 y at baseline; mean posttreatment follow-up of 6 ± 2 mo). Clinical outcomes in patients who were overweight or obese were compared to healthy-weight patients using generalized linear models for binary or continuous outcomes, accounting for clustering within patients. Covariates were age, gender, tobacco use, history of diabetes, insurance type, and number of baseline sites ≥5 mm.

Results:

Obesity was associated with a significantly lower likelihood of successful nonsurgical treatment (odds ratio = 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.25–0.88) than healthy weight. Being overweight was not associated with treatment success. Posttreatment reductions in the percentage of sites with pockets ≥5 mm and CAL ≥5 mm were greater in patients with healthy weight as compared to those either overweight or obese. However, posttreatment changes in mean PD and CAL did not differ among the BMI groups.

Conclusions:

Obesity adversely modifies the effectiveness of nonsurgical periodontal treatment among dental school clinic patients.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

The results of this study may be used by dental providers to better understand and manage periodontal therapy in patients with obesity. Furthermore, patients will be better informed about their therapeutic options and outcome success.
Oral Disease and Atherosclerosis May Be Associated with Overlapping Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Bezamat M. , Saeed A. , McKennan C. , Duan J. , Zhou R. , Baxter D.J. , Liu L. , las Fuentes L. de , Foxman B. , Shaffer J.R. , McNeil D.W. , Marazita M. L. , Reis S.E.
Published: October 2024

Objectives:

Dental caries and periodontitis are among the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide and have been associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). This study aimed to determine (1) the independent associations between subclinical ASCVD markers (carotid intima media thickness [CIMT] and coronary artery calcification [CAC]) and quantitative indices of oral disease including the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, gingivitis parameters, periodontal status, and number of teeth lost and (2) the extent to which metabolites altered in individuals with oral disease overlapped with those altered in individuals with ASCVD.

Methods:

We used data from 552 participants recruited through the Dental Strategies Concentrating on Risk Evaluation project. Oral examinations were conducted, and CIMT and CAC were measured. Multiple linear regression models were constructed with CIMT and CAC as dependent variables in the epidemiologic analysis. In the metabolomic analysis, logistic or linear regression was used to test 1,228 metabolites for association with each phenotype adjusted for age, sex, race, blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6.

Results:

None of the oral disease markers were significant predictors of ASCVD markers in the fully adjusted models. However, critical lipid and lipid-signaling pathway metabolites were significantly associated with gingivitis, periodontitis, and DMFT: the lysophospholipid pathway (odds ratio [OR] = 2.29, false discovery rate [FDR]–adjusted P = 0.038) and arachidonate with gingivitis (OR = 2.35, FDR-adjusted P = 0.015), the sphingolipid metabolism pathway with periodontitis (OR = 2.09, FDR-adjusted P = 0.029), and borderline associations between plasmalogen and lysophospholipid pathways and DMFT (P = 0.055). Further, the same metabolite from the sphingolipid metabolism pathway, sphingomyelin (d17:1/14:0, d16:1/15:0), was inversely associated with both CIMT (β = −0.14, FDR-adjusted P = 0.014) and gingivitis (OR = 0.04, FDR-adjusted P = 0.033).

Conclusions:

The discovery of a common sphingomyelin metabolite in both disease processes is a novel finding suggesting that gingivitis and periodontitis may be associated with some overlapping metabolic pathways associated with ASCVD and indicating potential shared mechanisms among these diseases.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

The same metabolites may be altered in atherosclerosis and oral disease. Specifically, a common sphingomyelin metabolite was inversely associated with gingivitis and carotid intima media thickness, a subclinical marker of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These findings can provide valuable insights for future mechanistic studies to establish potential causal relationships, with the hope of influencing disease prevention and targeted early treatment.
Altered Surrogate Markers of Inflammation in Perinatal HIV-Exposed Children with Caries
Authors: Idemudia N.L. , Osagie E. , Akhigbe P. , Obuekwe O. , Omoigberale A. , Richards V. , Coker M.O.
Published: October 2024

Objective:

Dental caries is associated with immunologic response, yet its association with hematologic parameters and inflammatory markers is unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationship between some surrogate markers of inflammation and dental caries in the context of perinatal exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Methods:

This cross-sectional study involved 2 groups of children aged 4 to 11 y who were (1) HIV exposed but uninfected (HEU) and (2) HIV unexposed/uninfected (HUU) and recruited from HIV pediatric and child outpatient clinics, respectively, at a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Medical records were reviewed, and trained dentists conducted oral and dental examinations. Five milliliters of EDTA blood was obtained and used for CD4 and CD8 and complete blood analysis, from which other inflammatory markers such as the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic inflammatory index (SII), CD4/CD8 ratio were calculated using referenced formulas.

Results:

In total, 245 (125 HEU and 120 HUU) children with a mean (standard deviation) age of 7 (2) y were included in this study. No differences in caries experience were observed in both groups of children (38 children [16%] were caries affected; 19 [16%] and 19 [15%] from the HEU and HUU groups, respectively). Examining the relationship between studied inflammatory markers and caries showed that leucocyte counts were slightly lower in caries-affected children compared with their caries-free counterparts ( P = 0.05). Lower levels of neutrophils ( P = 0.04) and higher levels of lymphocytes ( P = 0.02) were associated with caries prevalence. Although not significant, NLR, PLR, and SII were lower in caries-affected children.

Conclusion:

Caries is associated with leucocytes and some of its subsets in both groups of children and independent of perinatal HIV exposure, highlighting the potential of evaluating inflammatory markers in caries prevention, treatment, and research.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

This study provides evidence that a relationship exists between dental caries, HIV exposure, and inflammation using affordable methods and advocates the inclusion of these markers in caries care in resource-limited settings.
Mechanical thrombectomy practices in Europe: Insights from a survey of European neuroradiologists from the ESMINT
Authors: Forestier Géraud , Hanning Uta , Kaesmacher Johannes , Boulouis Grégoire , Zeleňák Kamil , Januel Anne-Christine , Kulcsár Zsolt , Fiehler Jens , Rouchaud Aymeric
Published: October 2024

Background and purpose:

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has revolutionized the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. Indications for MT are constantly expanding across countries, presenting healthcare professionals, and institutions with the challenge of offering MT to the entire population despite geographic constraints, while also training enough interventional neuroradiologists (INR) for this highly technical-level procedure. We aimed to provide an overview of current European MT practices and organizations in 2021.

Materials and methods:

Members of the European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) were invited to complete two different online surveys from March to November 2021 to collect data on MT practice.

Results:

A total of 240 individual responses from INR (from 33 European countries) were received. These included information from 56 thrombectomy-capable stroke centers (TCSC) data (across 26 European countries). The mean number of INR per center was 3.8 ± 1.43, median 4 (IQR, 3–4.5). Half of the centers (28/56, 50.00%) performed less than 150 MT per year. Most INR used a balloon guide catheter in less than 50% of cases (160/240, 66.67%), and limited the number of recanalization attempts to six passes to restore flow (209/240, 87.08%). Additionally, 37.92% of the respondents (91/240, 37.92%) indicated that they already performed MT for distal occlusions (M3, M4) as part of their routine practice. Other details of the MT procedure, anesthetic management, and patient selection are also presented and discussed.

Conclusions:

This European survey emphasizes the differences between TCSC and INR in modern thrombectomy practices. Even if most centers remain understaffed to meet current and future MT needs, most European TCSCs are actively training young INR.
How I Do It: Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty (With Videos)
Authors: Satishchandran Abhishek , Schulman Allison R.
Published: October 2024

Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is an incisionless gastric remodeling procedure for the management of obesity which leads to a reduction in the size of the gastric lumen, prolongs gastric emptying, and changes in hormonal mechanisms that alter satiation. While a variety of suture patterns have been explored and technique may vary between endoscopists, the basic steps of ESG include (1) diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy, (2) consideration of mucosal marking to guide suture placement, (3) placement of running sutures from distal to proximal along the greater curvature with intermittent reinforcement stitches. While this manuscript will predominantly focus on the technical aspects of performing the ESG procedure, knowledge of the cognitive components of bariatric endoscopy are critical to the success of this procedure in clinical practice.
Does Digitization Affect Social and Financial Performance in Microfinance Institutions?
Authors: Umba Deborah N. , Croquet Mélanie , Godfroid Cécile
Published: October 2024

This research aims to explore the effects of the digitization of microfinance institutions (MFIs) on their social and financial performances, and on the trade-off between them given the double mission pursued by these institutions. To reach this objective, we performed ordinary least squares (OLS), logit, and two-stage least squares (2SLS) regressions on a sample of 331 microfinance institutions from the ATLAS database. Findings reveal evidence of significant mixed effects of digitization on social and financial performance indicators. They also show that there is no significant effect of digitization on trade-offs. The novel aspect of this research lies in the approach used to measure social performance which is proxied by the SPI4 -Social Performance Indicators-developed by Cerise and Social Performance Task Force (SPTF), while previous research on the topic have used social mission outcomes indicators. The SPI4 tool allows financial service providers to evaluate the implementation of Universal Standards for Social Performance Management (USSPM). This study also provides evidence on the effect that digitizing MFIs operations may have on trade-off between their social and financial performances. The findings have significant implications for institutions, especially on the way they can implement and interconnect their digitization process, USSPM and financial strategy. Firstly, the significant effect of digitization on social performance reveals synergies between the adoption and use of digital solutions and the implementation of good practices of SPM. Secondly, the mixed effects of adopting digital solutions on financial performance suggest that while this process appears to drive efficiency within institutions, it does not necessarily improve their profitability, since capital expenditure appears to increase more than profits. Finally, since digitization does not appear conducive to trade-off, MFIs should better align their financial and investment strategy with their social objectives when going digital.
Self-organizing orders, urban studies and planning theory
Authors: Moroni Stefano
Published: October 2024

The notion of ‘order’ has been central in 20th-century attempts to explain complex phenomena. The notion of order in the case of complex phenomena has been generally associated with the idea of ‘selforganization’; that is, the spontaneous emergence of coordinating patterns in complex systems. In briefly re-considering the idea of order, this article focuses on ‘self-organizing orders’ and the implication of this issue not only for a theory of the city but also for a theory of intervention on the city (i.e. a theory of planning).
HOT TACK TESTING: A REVIEW
Authors: Soutar Alister M.
Published: October 2024

Hot tack is a primary function of flexible packaging. It has taken on more emphasis with the development of sealant copolymers and ionomers as well as the development of coextrusion to meet the packaging industry’s need for heat seal reliability when running at high speeds with more demanding configurations. As with many new terms, “hot tack” has not been precisely defined as yet. This paper, however, will discuss two important aspects of hot tack testing: the multilayered structure with a “hot tack” sealant and methods for relating test results to actual packaging machine performance, with major emphasis on two popular test methods–the automatic test equipment and the spring test.
AUTOMATIC INSTRUMENT FOR HOT TACK TESTING
Authors: SINKO PENTTI , TORMALA SAULI
Published: October 2024

There have been some earlier efforts to develop a system for testing the hot tack strength of heat sealable materials. However, these test methods were laborious to use, were not fully quantitative, and the user-effect on the test results was high

To overcome these problems, Topwave Instruments developed a completely new model of Hot Tack Tester. Special care focused on versatile and accurate simulation of process conditions, automatic handling of samples and user- friendly operation (software) features, the goal being total user-independence.

The result is equipment which provides values of the following parameters which are user-selectable: sealing temperature, sealing time, sealing pressure, cooling (delay) time, and loading (peeling) speed.
Acetylcholine receptor-β inhibition by interleukin-6 in skeletal muscles contributes to modulating neuromuscular junction during aging
Authors: Zhao Yanling , Yan Han , Liu Ke , Ma Jiangping , Sun Wenlan , Lai Hejin , Li Hongli , Gu Jianbang , Huang He
Published: October 2024

Background

Aging-related strength decline contributes to physiological deterioration and is a good predictor of poor prognosis. However, the mechanisms underlying neuromuscular junction disorders affecting contraction in aging are not well described. We hypothesized that the autocrine effect of interleukin (IL)-6 secreted by skeletal muscle inhibits acetylcholine receptor (AChR) expression, potentially causing aging-related strength decline. Therefore, we investigated IL-6 and AChR β-subunit (AChR-β) expression in the muscles and sera of aging C57BL/6J mice and verified the effect of IL-6 on AChR-β expression.

Methods

Animal experiments, in vitro studies, bioinformatics, gene manipulation, dual luciferase reporter gene assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments were used to explore the role of the transcription cofactor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC1α) and its interacting transcription factors in the IL-6-mediated regulation of AChR-β expression.

Results

IL-6 expression gradually increased during aging, inhibiting AChR-β expression, which was reversed by tocilizumab. Both tocilizumab and the PGC1α agonist reversed the inhibiting effect of IL-6 expression on AChR-β. Compared to inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibition suppressed the effects of IL-6 on AChR-β and PGC1α. In aging mouse muscles and myotubes, myocyte enhancer factor 2 C (MEF2C) was recruited by PGC1α, which directly binds to the AChR-β promoter to regulate its expression.

Conclusions

This study verifies AChR-β regulation by the IL-6/IL-6R-ERK1/2-PGC1α/MEF2C pathway. Hence, evaluating muscle secretion, myokines, and AChRs at an earlier stage to determine pathological progression is important. Moreover, developing intervention strategies for monitoring, maintaining, and improving muscle structure and function is necessary.
Visnagin alleviates rheumatoid arthritis via its potential inhibitory impact on malate dehydrogenase enzyme: in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies
Authors: Khamis Abeer A. , Sharshar Amira H. , Mohamed Tarek M. , Abdelrasoul Elsayed A. , Salem Maha M.
Published: October 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder. The present study aimed to evaluate the in silico, in vitro, and in vivo inhibitory effect of visnagin on malate dehydrogenase activity and elucidate its inflammatory efficacy when combined with methotrexate in the RA rat model. The molecular docking, ADMET simulations, MDH activity, expression, and X-ray imaging were detected. Moreover, CRP, RF, (anti-CCP) antibody, (TNF-α), (IL-6), (IL-17), and (IL-10) were evaluated. The expression levels of MMP3 and FOXP3 genes and CD4, CD25, and CD127 protein levels were assessed. Histological assessment of ankle joints was evaluated. The results revealed that visnagin showed reversible competitive inhibition on MDH with inhibitory constant (Ki) equal to 141 mM with theoretical IC50 equal to 1202.7 mM, LD50 equal to 155.39 mg/kg, and LD25 equal to 77.69 mg/kg. In vivo studies indicated that visnagin exhibited anti-inflammatory effects through decreasing MDH1 activity and expression and induced proliferation of anti-inflammatory CD4+CD25+FOXP3 regulatory T cells with increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels. Moreover, visnagin reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines and the immuno-markers. Our findings elucidate that visnagin exhibits an anti-inflammatory impact against RA through its ability to inhibit the MDH1 enzyme, improve methotrexate efficacy, and reduce oxidative stress.

Graphical Abstract
Identification of key gene networks controlling organic acid and sugar metabolism during star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) development
Authors: Xu Xinyu , Xu Lianhuan , Yang Zirui , Chen Lei , Wang Yiqing , Ren Hui , Zhang Zehuang , El-Kassaby Yousry A. , Wu Shasha
Published: October 2024

The sugar and organic acid content significantly impacts the flavor quality of star fruit, and it undergoes dynamic changes during development. However, the metabolic network and molecular mechanisms governing the formation of sugar and organic acid in star fruit remain unclear. In this study, 23 of 743 components were detected by metabonomic analysis. The highest metabolites contents were organic acids and derivatives. The highest sugar content in the fruit was fructose and glucose, followed by sucrose, which proved that A. carambola is a hexose accumulation type fruit. Genome identification preliminarily screened 141 genes related to glucose metabolism and 67 genes related to acid metabolism. A total of 7,881 unigenes were found in transcriptome data, 6,124 differentially expressed genes were screened, with more up-regulated than down-regulated genes. Transcriptome and metabolome association analysis screened seven core candidate genes related to glucose metabolism and 17 core genes highly related to organic acid pathway, and eight differentially expressed sugar and acid genes were selected for qRT-PCR verification. In addition, 29 bHLHs and eight bZIPs transcription factors were predicted in the glucose metabolism pathway, and 23 MYBs, nine C2H2s transcription factors and one GRAS transcription factor was predicted in the acid metabolism pathway, and transcription factors have both positive and negative regulatory effects on sugar and acid structure genes. This study increased our understanding of A. carambola fruit flavor and provided basic information for further exploring the ornamental and edible values of star fruit.
Comparative efficacy of intrathecal morphine and adductor canal block in the knee arthroplasty population: a retrospective multi-centre cohort study
Authors: Brown Brigid , Cheok Tim Soon , Worsley David , Kroon Hidde M. , Davis Nathan , Jaarsma Ruurd L. , Doornberg Job , Lin D-Yin
Published: October 2024

Background

Finding the balance of good postoperative analgesia while facilitiating mobility is important for a safe and satisfactory patient experience during Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to compare the efficacy of intrathecal morphine, adductor canal block, and their combination in optimizing pain management and postoperative recovery in TKA patients. This retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data evaluated postoperative pain scores, time to mobilisation, and length of hospital stay.

Methods

1006 consecutive patients undergoing elective TKA across two large tertiary centres were included over six years. They were divided into one of four groups according to the type of analgesia received: Group N patients received no neuraxial morphine or regional block. Group B patients received adductor canal block (ACB) only. Group M patients received intrathecal morphine (ITM) but no regional block. Group BM patients received both ACB and ITM.

Results

Patients who received an ACB had faster postoperative mobilization compared to those without (p < 0.001). Patients in Group BM had the lowest pain scores at rest (Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) 2.9) and with movement (VAS 5.3), while Group B patients experienced the highest pain scores at rest (VAS 3.7) and on movement (VAS 6.5) (p = 0.005). Patients who received ITM had the lowest opioid requirements (p < 0.001). There was no significant differences between groups in requirement for rescue pain management strategies (p = 0.06).

Conclusions

The combination of ITM and ACB in patients undergoing TKA provides improved postoperative analgesia with lower postoperative opioid requirement and earlier mobilization compared with ACB or ITM alone.
Emergence of the B.1.214.2 SARS-CoV-2 lineage with an Omicron-like spike insertion and a unique upper airway immune signature
Authors: Holtz Andrew , Van Weyenbergh Johan , Hong Samuel L. , Cuypers Lize , O’Toole Áine , Dudas Gytis , Gerdol Marco , Potter Barney I. , Ntoumi Francine , Mapanguy Claujens Chastel Mfoutou , Vanmechelen Bert , Wawina-Bokalanga Tony , Van Holm Bram , Menezes Soraya Maria , Soubotko Katja , Van Pottelbergh Gijs , Wollants Elke , Vermeersch Pieter , Jacob Ann-Sophie , Maes Brigitte , Obbels Dagmar , Matheeussen Veerle , Martens Geert , Gras Jérémie , Verhasselt Bruno , Laffut Wim , Vael Carl , Goegebuer Truus , van der Kant Rob , Rousseau Frederic , Schymkowitz Joost , Serrano Luis , Delgado Javier , Wenseleers Tom , Bours Vincent , André Emmanuel , Suchard Marc A. , Rambaut Andrew , Dellicour Simon , Maes Piet , Durkin Keith , Baele Guy
Published: October 2024

We investigate the emergence, mutation profile, and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.214.2, first identified in Belgium in January 2021. This variant, featuring a 3-amino acid insertion in the spike protein similar to the Omicron variant, was speculated to enhance transmissibility or immune evasion. Initially detected in international travelers, it substantially transmitted in Central Africa, Belgium, Switzerland, and France, peaking in April 2021. Our travel-aware phylogeographic analysis, incorporating travel history, estimated the origin to the Republic of the Congo, with primary European entry through France and Belgium, and multiple smaller introductions during the epidemic. We correlate its spread with human travel patterns and air passenger data. Further, upon reviewing national reports of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in Belgian nursing homes, we found this strain caused moderately severe outcomes (8.7% case fatality ratio). A distinct nasopharyngeal immune response was observed in elderly patients, characterized by 80% unique signatures, higher B- and T-cell activation, increased type I IFN signaling, and reduced NK, Th17, and complement system activation, compared to similar outbreaks. This unique immune response may explain the variant's epidemiological behavior and underscores the need for nasal vaccine strategies against emerging variants.
Investigation of the distribution of inguinal lymph nodes and delineation of the inguinal clinical target volume using 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Han Jia-Li , Qi Yan-Ge , Liu Jia-Ling , Yan Xia , Zhang Wan-Chun , Yuan Ling , Hao Xin-Zhong , Song Jian-Bo , Li Si-Jin
Published: October 2024

Objective

Radiotherapy is a crucial treatment modality for pelvic cancers, but uncertainties persist in defining the clinical target volume (CTV) for the inguinal lymphatic drainage region. Suboptimal CTV delineation may compromise treatment efficacy and result in subpar disease control. This study aimed to investigate and map the distribution of lymph node metastases (LNM) in the groin area to facilitate an improved and detailed CTV definition using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT).

Methods

Inguinal LNM in patients with biopsy-proven pelvic malignancies were identified using 18F-FDG PET/CT scan. The longitudinally nearest axial plane was determined based on six typical bony landmarks, and the axial direction relative to the femoral artery of LNM was recorded. The distances from the LNM to the nearest edge of the femoral artery were measured on the axial plane. An optimal margin to cover 95% of LNM was estimated to develop contouring recommendations.

Results

In this study, 500 positive LNM were identified by 18F-FDG PET/CT among 185 patients with primary pelvic malignancies. Relative to the femoral artery, lymph nodes were distributed laterally (10:00–11:00, n = 35), anteriorly (12:00–1:00, n = 213), and medially (2:00–4: 00, n = 252). For CTV delineation, the recommended distances from the femoral artery on the SFH were lateral 19 mm, anterior 19 mm, and medial 25 mm; on the SGT were lateral 26 mm, anterior 20 mm, and medial 25 mm; on the SPS were lateral 28 mm, anterior 29 mm, and medial 26 mm; on the IPS were anterior 29 mm and medial 28 mm; on the IIT were anterior 27 mm and medial 27 mm; on the ILT were anterior 25 mm and medial 23 mm. Use interpolation to contour the area between six axial slices, including any radiographically suspicious LNM.

Conclusions

Using 18F-FDG PET/CT, we investigated the distribution pattern of inguinal LNM and propose a more comprehensive guideline for inguinal CTV delineation.
The relationship between the ages and stages questionnaire, 3rd edition scores in early childhood and future cognitive abilities in young Nepalese children
Authors: Shrestha Merina , Kvestad Ingrid , Hysing Mari , Ranjitkar Suman , Ulak Manjeswori , Chandyo Ram K. , Strand Tor A.
Published: October 2024

Background

The Ages and Stages Questionnaire 3rd edition (ASQ-3) could be a feasible tool in resource-poor settings. Little is known on the relationship between scores on the ASQ-3 and later intellectual abilities in these settings.

Aims

To examine the relationship between ASQ-3 scores during the first and second year of life and intellectual abilities at 4 years of age in Nepalese children.

Methods

In a cohort of 600 children at-risk of stunting, the ASQ-3 was performed at 6–11 and 18–23 months, and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence, fourth edition (WPPSI-IV) at 4 years. We examined the relationship between the ASQ-3 scores and WPPSI-IV full scale IQ (FSIQ) using Spearman correlation coefficients and linear regression models.

Results

Correlations between ASQ-3 total scores and FSIQ was 0.17 (95% CI 0.07, 0.27) at 6–11 and 0.34 (95% CI 0.26, 0.44) at 18–23 months explaining 2 and 12% of the variance respectively. Except for the communication subscale at 18–23 months with moderate correlations, correlations between the ASQ-3 subscales and FSIQ were weak.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest a modest relationship between ASQ-3 scores in early childhood and intellectual abilities at 4 years.