bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zeolite A powder and beads from sugarcane bagasse fly ash modified with iron(III) oxide-hydroxide for lead adsorption
Authors: Praipipat Pornsawai , Ngamsurach Pimploy , Roopkhan Naritsara
Published: February 2023

The discharging of lead-contaminated wastewater is a concern because of its toxicity to living organisms and water quality resulting in dangerous water consumption, so it is highly recommended to remove lead from wastewater to be below water quality standards for a safe environment. Zeolite A sugarcane bagasse fly ash powder (ZB), zeolite A sugarcane bagasse fly ash powder mixed iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (ZBF), zeolite A sugarcane bagasse fly ash beads (ZBB), zeolite A sugarcane bagasse fly ash powder mixed iron(III) oxide-hydroxide beads (ZBFB), and zeolite A sugarcane bagasse fly ash beads coated iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (ZBBF) were synthesized and characterized in various techniques. Their lead removal efficiencies were investigated by batch experiments, adsorption isotherms, and kinetics. The specific surface area, pore volume, and pore size of ZB were close values to zeolite A standard (STD), and ZBF had the highest specific surface area and the smallest pore size than others. ZB and ZBF demonstrated crystalline phases whereas ZBB, ZBFB, and ZBBF were amorphous phases. The surface morphology of ZB was a cubic shape similar to STD. ZBF demonstrated an agglomerated formation of ZB and iron(III) oxide-hydroxide whereas ZBFB and ZBBF had sphere shapes with coarse surfaces. Si, Al, O, Fe, Na, Ca, O–H, (Si, Al)–O, H2O, and D4R were detected in all materials. The surface charges of all zeolite A materials had negatively charged at all pH values, and their surfaces increased more negatively charged with increasing pH value which pH 5 illustrated as the highest negatively charged in all materials. Their lead removal efficiencies were higher than 82%. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were well explained for their adsorption patterns and mechanisms. Finally, ZBBF is a good offer for applying in industrial wastewater treatment systems because of its easy operation and saving costs than ZBF.
Co-infection by multiple vector-borne agents in wild ring-tailed coatis (Nasua nasua) from Iguaçu National Park, southern Brazil
Authors: Perles L. , Moraes M. F. , Xavier da Silva M. , Vieira R. F. C. , Machado R. Z. , Lux Hoppe E. G. , André M. R.
Published: February 2023

The present study aimed to detect molecularly the presence of co-infections by vector-borne agents (VBA) in ring-tailed coatis’ (Nasua nasua) blood samples from Iguaçu National Park (INP), southern Brazil, and assess the phylogenetic positioning of the detected agents. DNA blood samples were submitted to molecular screening and characterization for Anaplasmataceae agents, Piroplasmids, Hepatozoon sp., hemotropic mycoplasmas, and Bartonella spp. In total, 42 (85.7%) coatis were positive for hemotropic Mycoplasma sp., 12 (24.5%) for Bartonella machadoae, 7 (14.3%) for Anaplasma sp. closely related to ‘Candidatus Anaplasma brasiliensis’, and 3 (6%) for Hepatozoon procyonis. The most prevalent co-infections observed was from bacterial VBA: while 18.3% were co-infected by hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. and Bartonella sp., 12.2% were co-infected by Anaplasma sp. and hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. Only two animals (4%) presented co-infections by three VBA (Bartonella sp., Anaplasma sp. and hemotropic Mycoplasma sp.). The coati is a wild carnivore found in INP, mainly in areas visited by tourists. These animals are frequently seen searching for food in garbage dumps or in tourists’ belongings. The present study expands the host specificity range of B. machadoae, which has been isolated only from rodents until the present moment. Since the zoonotic potential and transmission routes of the detected VBA are not yet known, surveillance in this area is much needed.
Effects of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on ponderal and linear growth in severely malnourished young infants in a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Nuzhat Sharika , Hasan S. M. Tafsir , Palit Parag , Islam Md Ridwan , Mahfuz Mustafa , Islam M. Munirul , Alam Md Ashraful , Flannery Robin L. , Kyle David J. , Sarker Shafiqul A. , Ahmed Tahmeed
Published: February 2023

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a major global public health problem. We aimed to assess the effects of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on rate of weight gain and change in length in young SAM infants. This study was substudy of a single-blind randomized clinical trial (NCT0366657). During nutritional rehabilitation, 67 <6 months old SAM infants were enrolled and randomized to receive either probiotic (Bifidobacterium. infantis EVC001) or synbiotic (B. infantis EVC001 + Lacto-N-neotetraose [LNnT]) or placebo (Lactose) for four weeks and were followed for four more weeks after supplementation. In multivariable linear regression model, the mean rate of weight gain in the probiotic arm compared to placebo was higher by 2.03 unit (P < 0.001), and 1.13 unit (P = 0.030) in the synbiotic arm. In linear mixed-effects model, mean WAZ was higher by 0.57 unit (P = 0.018) in probiotic arm compared to placebo. Although not statistically significant, delta length for age z score (LAZ) trended to be higher among children in probiotc (β = 0.25) and synbiotic (β = 0.26) arms compared to placebo in multivariable linear regression model. Our study describes that young SAM infants had a higher rate of weight gain when supplemented with probiotic alone, compared to their counterparts with either synbiotic or placebo.
Digital health interventions for non-communicable disease management in primary health care in low-and middle-income countries
Authors: Xiong Shangzhi , Lu Hongsheng , Peoples Nicholas , Duman Ege K. , Najarro Alberto , Ni Zhao , Gong Enying , Yin Ruoyu , Ostbye Truls , Palileo-Villanueva Lia M. , Doma Rinchen , Kafle Sweta , Tian Maoyi , Yan Lijing L.
Published: February 2023

Current evidence on digital health interventions is disproportionately concerned with high-income countries and hospital settings. This scoping review evaluates the extent of use and effectiveness of digital health interventions for non-communicable disease (NCD) management in primary healthcare settings of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and identifies factors influencing digital health interventions’ uptake. We use PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science search results from January 2010 to 2021. Of 8866 results, 52 met eligibility criteria (31 reviews, 21 trials). Benchmarked against World Health Organization’s digital health classifications, only 14 out of 28 digital health intervention categories are found, suggesting critical under-use and lagging innovation. Digital health interventions’ effectiveness vary across outcomes: clinical (mixed), behavioral (positively inclined), and service implementation outcomes (clear effectiveness). We further identify multiple factors influencing digital health intervention uptake, including political commitment, interactivity, user-centered design, and integration with existing systems, which points to future research and practices to invigorate digital health interventions for NCD management in primary health care of LMICs.
Urban agriculture in walkable neighborhoods bore fruit for health and food system resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Iida Akiko , Yamazaki Takahiro , Hino Kimihiro , Yokohari Makoto
Published: February 2023

Urban agriculture is the key to creating healthy cities and developing resilient urban food systems in uncertain times. However, relevant empirical evidence is limited. This study quantitatively verified the association of access to local food through urban agriculture with subjective well-being, physical activity, and food security concerns of neighborhood communities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The target was Tokyo, Japan, where small-scale local food systems are widespread in walkable neighborhoods. We found that diversity in local food access, ranging from self-cultivation to direct-to-consumer sales, was significantly associated with health and food security variables. In particular, the use of allotment farms was more strongly associated with subjective well-being than the use of urban parks, and it was more strongly associated with the mitigation of food security concerns than the use of food retailers. These findings provide robust evidence for the effectiveness of integrating urban agriculture into walkable neighborhoods.
Good Enough to Eat? Next Generation GM Crops
Authors: Godwin Ian D
Published: February 2023

So long as you have food in your mouth, you have solved all questions for the time being.

So begins Good Enough to Eat?, which challenges Kafka’s culinary sentiments and proceeds to unravel our complex and deeply personal relationship with food.

Including interviews from both sides of the (farmyard) fence; from biologists to farmers and nutritionists to activists, Good Enough to Eat? charts the history of GM foods from the laboratory to the global dinner plate. Equally informative and entertaining, Godwin chronicles the social, political and philosophical arguments for and against GM crops, and the science and knowledge behind the battle for global food security and sustainability.
The Horse Who Came to Dinner: The First Criminal Case of Food Fraud
Authors: Taylor Glenn
Published: February 2023

Food fraudsters be warned!

Sophisticated science was at the centre of detecting and prosecuting this new crime of food fraud. The ground-breaking case, a first of its kind, needed new sentencing guidelines for judges, new working arrangements for prosecutors and police and an EU-wide agreement on techniques and standards used for prosecution, which were agreed on the hoof in response to a crime detected in over 40 countries.

In 2013 thousands of consumers, retailers and food businesses were ripped-off by insiders - thieves who substituted and sold horse-meat in place of beef. They used a web of deception that involved unwitting suppliers passing off their fraudulent produce to some of Britain’s largest retailers and international food business. Following so-called Horsegate, the enforcement world had to change. There is now a team focussing on food fraud and a desire to put the perpetrators behind bars. Much tougher sanctions have been introduced with the aim of discouraging such crimes.

This book is a timely look at the web of deception and how it can be stopped. Aimed at food enforcement professionals, lay readers with an interest in crime, students studying food fraud, criminology or forensics and anyone who eats food.

Once again, life emulated art, this deception mirrors the story of the thief who came to dinner, gained inside knowledge and stole priceless artefacts from the host. So, who will come to dinner next time?

This is the second book by the author, a scientist sharing his inside knowledge on this food crime.
Slow magnetic relaxation in two mononuclear Mn(ii) complexes not governed by the over-barrier Orbach process
Authors: Mičová Romana , Rajnák Cyril , Titiš Ján , Samoľová Erika , Zalibera Michal , Bieńko Alina , Boča Roman
Published: February 2023

AC susceptibility confirms a field supported slow magnetic relaxation in which the over-barrier Orbach relaxation process does not play a role. Both systems possess two or three slow relaxation channels.
In-gap states and strain-tuned band convergence in layered structure trivalent iridate K0.75Na0.25IrO2
Authors: Gong Xujia , Autieri Carmine , Zhou Huanfu , Ma Jiafeng , Tang Xin , Zheng Xiaojun , Ming Xing
Published: February 2023

K0.75Na0.25IrO2 crystallizes in a triangular lattice with edge-sharing IrO6 octahedra and [IrO2]− layers, shows intrinsic in-gap states, nearly-free-electron feature, enhanced band-convergence under uniaxial strain and promising application prospect.
Role of electron localisation in H adsorption and hydride formation in the Mg basal plane under aqueous corrosion: a first-principles study
Authors: Li Bingxin , Xiao Chengcheng , Harrison Nicholas M. , Fogarty Richard M. , Horsfield Andrew P.
Published: February 2023

We provide new insights into H adsorption and hydride formation at Mg surfaces, with Electron Localisation Function being a good indicator of favourable H absorption sites. The sub-surface hydride formation is also dominated by electron localisation.
Development of bioactive 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives using an MnOx/HT nanocomposite catalyst
Authors: Kumar Loveneesh , Verma Nishant , Tomar Ravi , Sehrawat Hitesh , Kumar Rupesh , Chandra Ramesh
Published: February 2023

Green synthesis of highly functional 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives using various assorted benzaldehydes and o-phenylenediamine using an MnOx/HT nanocomposite catalyst.
A new advance in the pollution profile, transformation process, and contribution to aerosol formation and aging of atmospheric amines
Authors: Shen Xinlin , Chen Jiangyao , Li Guiying , An Taicheng
Published: February 2023

Atmospheric amines from various sources undergo a variety of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions to contribute to the overall process of aerosol particle formation and further affect the climate.
Depolymerisation–hydrogenation of condensed tannins as a strategy for generating flavan-3-ol monomers
Authors: Vangeel Thijs , Smets Ruben , Van Der Borght Mik , Sels Bert
Published: February 2023

A one-pot depolymerisation–hydrogenation xataltic process enables flavan-3-ol monomer production from condensed tannins.
Electrochemical CO2reduction with ionic liquids: review and evaluation
Authors: Li Yangshuo , Li Fangfang , Laaksonen Aatto , Wang Chuan , Cobden Paul , Boden Per , Liu Yanrong , Zhang Xiangping , Ji Xiaoyan
Published: February 2023

Evaluation for electrochemical CO2reduction to C1 with Ionic liquids.
Constructing amorphous/amorphous heterointerfaces in nickel borate/boride composites for efficient electrocatalytic methanol oxidation
Authors: Chen Ping , Zhang Sai , Fan Yu , Yang Wenlong , Luo Xiliang
Published: February 2023

A facile room-temperature strategy was put forward for the preparation of an a-Ni-Bi/NixB hybrid catalyst, which was used as an ideal model to clarify the efficacy of an amorphous/amorphous heterostructure in the electrocatalytic MOR activity.
Seven-photon absorption from Na+/Bi3+-alloyed Cs2AgInCl6perovskites
Authors: Jin Shiling , Li Renfu , Zhu Jiwen , Pang Tao , Wu Tianmin , Zhan Hongbing , Zheng Yuanhui , Huang Feng , Chen Xueyuan , Chen Daqin
Published: February 2023

Up-converted self-trapped exciton luminescenceviaseven-phonon absorption in the Na/Bi-alloyed Cs2AgInCl6lead-free double perovskite is reported.
In situphosphoselenization induced heterointerface engineering endow NiSe2/Ni2P/FeSe2hollow nanocages with efficient water oxidation electrocatalysis performance
Authors: Yin Jiongting , Wang Cheng , Li Jie , Zhang Kewang , Wu Zhengying , Wang Ning , Du Yukou
Published: February 2023

Anin situphosphoselenization method was proposed for the synthesis of NiFePSe nanocages. Remarkably, the highly open 3D nanostructure, well-defined heterointerface, and super-hydrophilic surface endow the NiFePSe with excellent OER performance.
Fascinating isomeric covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Ren Xitong , Wang Xinyuan , Song Wen , Bai Feng , Li Yusen
Published: February 2023

The design principles and structure–property relationship of isomeric covalent organic frameworks are summarized and recommended to accelerate their further development.
Construction of a NiFe-LDH catalyst with a three-dimensional unified gas diffusion layer structure via a facile acid etching route for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Shi Dong , Ji Yajun , Lu Faxue , Yao Junnan , Pei Lijun
Published: February 2023

A simple acid etching method is proposed to prepare a three-dimensional unified NiFe-LDH gas diffusion layer. Moreover, the experiment proved that the electrode followed the lattice oxygen mechanism and exhibited high electrocatalytic activity.
Responses of aquatic vegetables to biochar amended soil and water environments: a critical review
Authors: Wang Xiangjun , Zhao Yaming , Yao Guangwei , Lin Zhizhong , Xu Laiyuan , Jiang Yunli , Jin Zewen , Shan Shengdao , Ping Lifeng
Published: February 2023

The effects of biochars on aquatic vegetables and soil/water environments.
Room temperature synthesis of flower-like hollow covalent organic framework for efficient enrichment of microcystins
Authors: Yu Zhenli , Chen Hui , Zhang Wenming , Ding Qingqing , Yu Qidong , Fang Min , Zhang Lan
Published: February 2023

Preparation of HFH-COF and its application for HPLC-MS/MS of MCs.
The impact of electrolytic pH on photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Biswas Neeraj Kumar , Srivastav Anupam , Saxena Sakshi , Verma Anuradha , Dutta Runjhun , Srivastava Manju , Upadhyay Sumant , Satsangi Vibha Rani , Shrivastav Rohit , Dass Sahab
Published: February 2023

Harnessing solar energy for clean and sustainable fuel production by photoelectrochemical water oxidation over different timescales has been extensively investigated.
Influence of time dependent laser-irradiation for tuning the linear–nonlinear optical response of quaternary Ag10In15S15Se60 films for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Parida Abinash , Alagarasan D. , Ganesan R. , Bisoyi Sagar , Naik R.
Published: February 2023

The influence of 532 nm laser irradiation for different times on the optical changes of Ag10In15S15Se60 thin films. The irradiation influenced the structural, linear and the nonlinear optical parameters.
Single-atom catalysis enabled by high-energy metastable structures
Authors: Xia Zhaoming , Yin Yue , Li Jun , Xiao Hai
Published: February 2023

A high-energy metastable structure in an extremely small proportion that is difficult to identify can play a key role in delivering single-atom catalysis. This shakes the common assumption adopted in studies of single-atom catalysis.
Operando X-ray scattering study of segmented thermoelectric Zn4Sb3
Authors: Thorup Peter Skjøtt , Christensen Rasmus Stubkjær , Roelsgaard Martin , Iversen Bo Brummerstedt
Published: February 2023

Operando X-ray scattering shows that segmentation of Zn4Sb3 with ion-blocking interfaces significantly reduces its decomposition rates under thermoelectric working conditions.
Controllable fabrication of a Cs2AgBiBr6 nanocrystal/mesoporous black TiO2 hollow sphere composite for photocatalytic benzyl alcohol oxidation
Authors: Yu Menghan , Wang Nan , Lin Kuo , Song Dongxue , Chen Jie , Liang Teng , Sun Jianhui , Pan Kai , Fu Honggang
Published: February 2023

Photocatalytic selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde at normal temperature and pressure is one of the important topics in the catalysis field.
Chiral hybrid manganese(ii) halide clusters with circularly polarized luminescence for X-ray imaging
Authors: Wang Mengzhu , Wang Xiaoming , Zhang Bintao , Li Feiyang , Meng Haixing , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang
Published: February 2023

Two pairs of enantiomorphic organic–inorganic hybrid manganese(ii) halide clusters show excellent CPL properties and work as scintillators in X-ray detection and imaging.
The emergence of microplastics: charting the path from research to regulations
Authors: Coffin Scott
Published: February 2023

This paper summarizes recent groundbreaking research and regulations for microplastics and provides critical recommendations to overcome additional barriers.
Analysis of micro- and nanoscale heterogeneities within environmentally relevant thin films containing biological components, oxyanions and minerals using AFM-PTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Deborah , Grassian Vicki H.
Published: February 2023

Minerals in groundwater interact with various chemical and biological species including organic matter, proteins, and prevalent oxyanions, resulting in surface coatings and thin films of these different components.
Carbene-controlled regioselectivity in photochemical cascades
Authors: Di Filippo Mara , Baumann Marcus
Published: February 2023

The discovery of an efficient regioselective photochemical flow process towards complex polycyclic scaffolds is reported.
The tail of imidazole regulated the assembly of two robust sandwich-type polyoxotungstate-based open frameworks with efficient visible-white-light-driven catalytic oxidation of sulfides
Authors: Huang Xianqiang , Liu Sen , Zhou Zhen , Zhang Haizhen , Gao Zongyin , Shen Guodong , Wang Huaiwei , Wang Zhi , Yao Qingxia , Sun Di
Published: February 2023

The tail of imidazole regulated the assembly of fascinating 2Dsqltopology and 3D 2-fold interpenetratedlvtstructure polyoxotungstate-based open frameworks with efficient visible-white-light-driven aerobic catalytic oxidation of sulfides.
Prediction of end-point LF refining furnace based on wavelet transform based weighted optimized twin support vector machine algorithm
Authors: Shi Chunyang , Yin Xinxin , Chen Ren , Zhong Ruxin , Sun Peng , Wang Baoshuai , Guo Shiyu , Li Shengdong , Ma Zhicai
Published: February 2023

During the LF refining process, the end-point temperature and carbon content changes at the end of refining are relatively lagging. And most of the traditional prediction models suffer from weak operational generalization ability, long computation time, and the existence of multiple polarization points, which greatly affect the prediction accuracy of the models. In this paper, a wavelet transform based weighted algorithm (WTW) optimized twin support vector machine algorithm (WTWTSVR) prediction model for refining end-point temperature and carbon content is proposed. WTW is introduced into the objective function on the basis of TSVR, and the objective function is converted into an unconstrained optimization solution problem, and then a mathematical model of LF refiner end-point temperature and carbon content is established to complete the prediction of these parameters. The production practice shows that the forecast accuracy of the model for 400 furnace times is 91.5%, 90.2%; 95.6%, 95.5% for refining end-point temperature error and carbon content error within ±5% and ±10%, respectively. The double hit rate within different error ranges (within 10 °C for the temperature model and within 0.005% for the carbon content model) reached 86.5%. The results indicate that the method can provide theoretical guidance for the LF refining production process.
The quantitative model of hearth activity based on data mining and characteristics of deadman
Authors: Deng Yong , Liu Ran , Li Tao , Jiao Ke-xin , Meng Sai , Guo Zi-yu
Published: February 2023

In order to obtain the quantitative model of hearth activity, the key control parameters of hearth activity were mined based on big data technology, the distribution characteristics of slag-iron-coke in deadman and the change of voidage in deadman were analyzed, and then the quantitative model of hearth activity was constructed. The results show that a temperature ratio was selected as the characterization parameter of hearth activity combined with some manifestations when the hearth activity became poor, through data sensitivity analysis. Blast speed, average particle size of coke, binary basicity of slag and Ti in iron were preliminarily selected as the key control parameters based on data correlation. The distribution of slag-iron-coke in hearth showed that the average particle size, CSR of coke and the fluidity of slag iron were very important for hearth activity. The coke particle size and the blast momentum should be given priority consideration according to the voidage of deadman in hearth. Finally, the quantitative model of hearth activity was constructed, the accuracy of the model was verified through the data of a commercial BF, so the hearth activity of any BF can be calculated by substituting the known production data of BF.
Bilateral Digital Extensor Hypoplasia Correction: A Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Aivaz Marudeen , Mantilla-Rivas Esperanza , Brennan Ashleigh , Thomas John , Malphrus Elizabeth L. , Manrique Monica , Oh Albert K. , Rogers Gary F.
Published: February 2023

Digital extensor hypoplasia (DEH) is a rare malformation that presents with loss of active finger extension at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. Descriptions of optimal treatment and outcomes in this population are sparse. We describe successful operative treatment of a child with DEH involving the extensor digitorum communis, extensor digiti minimi, and the extensor indicis proprius tendons. The 5-year-old male patient was referred for severe limitation on bilateral finger extension since birth. He had been previously diagnosed with arthrogryposis and managed conservatively. Due to lack of improvement, magnetic resonance imaging was done evidencing hypoplasia/aplasia of the extensor tendons. The patient underwent successful tendon transfers using extensor carpi radialis longus to the common extensor tendons, and one hand required an additional tenolysis procedure. 2 years postoperatively, his MCP position and finger extension are markedly improved, and he is able to grip objects without limitation or difficulty. The patient returned to full activity without restriction.
Emergence of Online Teaching for Plastic Surgery and the Quest for Best Virtual Conferencing Platform: A Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Dash Suvashis , Tiwari Raja , Singh Amiteshwar , Singhal Maneesh
Published: February 2023

Background As the coronavirus disease 2019 virus made its way throughout the world, there was a complete overhaul of our day-to-day personal and professional lives. All aspects of health care were affected including academics. During the pandemic, teaching opportunities for resident training were drastically reduced. Consequently, medical universities in many parts across the globe implemented online learning, in which students are taught remotely and via digital platforms. Given these developments, evaluating the existing mode of teaching via digital platforms as well as incorporation of new models is critical to improve and implement.

Methods We reviewed different online learning platforms used to continue regular academic teaching of the plastic surgery residency curriculum. This study compares the four popular Web conferencing platforms used for online learning and evaluated their suitability for providing plastic surgery education.

Results In this study with a response rate of 59.9%, we found a 64% agreement rate to online classes being more convenient than normal classroom teaching.

Conclusion Zoom was the most user-friendly, with a simple and intuitive interface that was ideal for online instruction. With a better understanding of factors related to online teaching and learning, we will be able to deliver quality education in residency programs in the future.
Mechanical behaviors and applications of shape memory polymer and its composites
Authors: Zhao Wei , Li Nan , Liu Liwu , Leng Jinsong , Liu Yanju
Published: February 2023

Shape memory polymer (SMP) and SMP composites (SMPC) can memorize the permanent shape and recover from the temporary shape to the permanent shape when stimulated by the appropriate stimuli. Because of the unique shape memory effect, coupled with its low cost, low density, high specific strength, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and other characteristics, SMP and SMPC have become possible materials to solve the problems currently faced by space deployable structures, biomedical devices, mold manufacturing, release devices, etc. This work reviews the research and developments of SMP and SMPC, including the achievements in constitutive theory, the applications, and prospects in aerospace, biomedical medicine, intelligent mold, and release devices.
A data-driven physics-informed neural network for predicting the viscosity of nanofluids
Authors: Chiniforooshan Esfahani Ilia
Published: February 2023

Nanofluids have been applied in various fields, such as solar collectors, petroleum engineering, and chemical engineering, due to their superior properties compared to traditional fluids. Among the various thermophysical properties of nanofluids, viscosity plays a critical role in thermal applications involving heat transfer and fluid flow. While several conventional machine learning (ML) techniques have been proposed to predict viscosity, these conventional models require many experimental measurements to be optimized and make accurate predictions. This study reports a novel ML method using a multi-fidelity neural network (MFNN) to accurately predict the viscosity of nanofluids by incorporating the physical laws into the model. The MFNN correlates a low-fidelity dataset derived from the prediction of the theoretical model with a high-fidelity dataset, which consists of experimental measurements. It is shown that the MFNN can recover the rheology of nanofluids and outperforms the conventional artificial neural network due to incorporating the underlying physics of nanofluids into a model.
Underlying mechanism of the driving force for generating spin currents thermally in a ferrimagnetic insulator due to a temperature gradient
Authors: Imamura Masaaki , Asada Hironori , Kano Yuya , Matsuda Ryota , Tashima Daisuke , Kitagawa Jiro
Published: February 2023

We previously proposed the idea that the effective thermal-energy transfer from the phonon system to the spin system in liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) films of Bi-substituted yttrium iron garnet (Bi:YIG), a ferrimagnetic insulator, takes place through enhanced spin-orbit coupling (SOC) with local 3d-electron spins in Fe3+ ions, and that the spin-thermoelectric (STE) generation in a paramagnetic platinum (Pt) layer is raised by increased spin pumping to the Pt layer from the Bi:YIG film. However, we could not specifically relate the underlying mechanism to the driving force for the generation of spin currents due to nonequilibrium dynamics of magnons driven by the temperature gradient ∇T in a magnetic insulator. In this paper, we discuss the origin of the driving force for generating spin currents, which are increased through enhanced SOC in LPE yttrium iron garnet films.
Hall coefficient of (Cr100−xAlx)95Mo5 alloy system
Authors: Muchono B. , Sheppard C. J. , Prinsloo A. R. E.
Published: February 2023

The temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient, RH, for the (Cr100−xAlx)95Mo5 alloy system with 0 ≤ x ≤ 8.6, in the temperature range 2 K ≤ T ≤ 380 K and in a magnetic field of 4.5 T is reported. Anomalies in the form of an upturn were observed just below the Néel transition temperature, TN, for the incommensurate (I) spin density wave (SDW) alloys with x ≤ 1.3 and commensurate (C) spin density wave (SDW) alloys with x ≥ 5.3. In addition to these anomalies, alloys with x = 0, 0.5, 0.9 and 8.6 show a peculiar behaviour below TN, in which RH increases and then decreases depicting a hump on further cooling. Remarkably RH for the alloy with x = 0 shows a sign reversal of majority charge carriers from holes to electrons on cooling below 120 K. The crossover of majority charge carriers disappears by the addition of just 0.5 at.% Al into the base alloy with x = 0. The behaviour of the Hall coefficient for the alloys with x = 0, 0.5, 0.9 and 8.6, is explained in terms of the simple two band model in which both charge carriers contribute to magneto-transport properties. The relative magnetic contribution to the Hall coefficient, ΔRH(2K)/RH(2K), indicate a suppression of antiferromagnetism in the concentration range 1.7 ≤ x ≤ 4.7.
Effect of grain size on the core loss of nanocrystalline Fe86B13Cu1 prepared by ultra-rapid annealing
Authors: Huang H. , Parsons R. , Tsukahara H. , Yano M. , Shoji T. , Kato A. , Ono K. , Suzuki K.
Published: February 2023

Nanocrystalline alloy samples with the same chemistry (Fe86B13Cu1) but with a range of mean grain sizes were prepared in order to investigate the effect of the grain size (D) on the core losses in nanocrystalline alloys. The core loss was measured on an Epstein frame in a frequency range between 10 Hz and 30 kHz. The measured core loss was separated into 3 parts, i.e. the hysteresis loss, classical eddy current loss and the excess loss. The classical eddy current loss is only a minor component due to the small thickness and moderately high electrical resistivity of the samples. Both the coercivity and the cycle hysteresis loss are found to follow roughly a D3 dependence. The excess loss at the maximum polarization (Jm) between 0.6 and 1.0 T is described universally by a simple power dependence of (Jm·f)n with an exponent of about 1.4 over a wide frequency (f) range between 10 Hz to 30 kHz. The excess loss at low frequencies appears almost independent of the grain size. Thus, the grain size effect on the total loss at low frequencies is attributable to the change in the hysteresis loss which reflects the static coercivity. However, the excess loss at 30 kHz shows a clear increase with an increase in D, indicating that the excess loss also becomes influential to the grain size dependence of the total core loss at high frequencies.
Reprogrammable liquid-metal/NdFeB/silicone composite magnetic elastomer
Authors: Zhao Ran , Dai Houde , Zhou Guopeng , Yao Hanchen , Zhang Bing
Published: February 2023

Programming the patterned magnetization profile on the magnetic elastomer can enable the magnetic soft robot to produce controlled deformation. But the magnetization profiles are usually unchangeable, which leads to the single function of magnetic soft robot. This paper presents a reprogrammable mangetic elastomer based on liquid-metal/NdFeB/Silicone composites. Liquid-metal/NdFeB functional groups wrapped in silicone matrix can realize repeated magnetization through thermal-assisted magnetic programming. By using several liquid metals (melting points <60 °C), we have manufactured composite magnetic elastomer with regulate-temperature at 15.7, 29.7, 41.5 and 47 °C, respectively. SEM and EDS results exhibits the elastomer’s micromorphology and element content. The elstomer’s magnetic properties are tested by the comprehensive physical property measurement system (PPMS). The moment–temperature (M–T) curve shows the material’s moment jumps at the melt point of the liquid metal. And the moment–magnetic field (M–H) curves indicate that the elastomer exhibit hard and soft magnetic characteristics. At last, a hexagon-shape robot is manufactured and then programmed to two modals of grasping and standing. The experimental results verify the reprogrammability of the proposed composite elastomer. The elastomer is expected to be utilized to manufacture multi-modal magnetic soft robot.
A loosely coordinated interaction site for arachidonic acid on ASICs
Authors: Klipp Robert C. , Bankston John R.
Published: February 2023

Molecular dynamics simulations reveal a putative interaction surface for PUFAs on TM1 of ASICs that is not tightly conserved between isoforms.
Analysis of ozone generation in a planar atmospheric pressure air dielectric barrier discharge reactor
Authors: Lin Kun-Mo , Liao Tzu-Yi , Lin Jyun-Yu , Abrar Muntazir , Chen Yu-Xuan
Published: February 2023

This work investigates O3 production in a planar atmospheric pressure air dielectric barrier discharge reactor numerically and experimentally. The surface temperature of the reactor is measured by an infrared (IR) thermal imager, and the O3 densities of cases in the reactive zone are measured by ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. The 1.5D plasma fluid model (PFM) with transverse convection is employed to capture the average properties of a single microdischarge (MD) generated in the reactor. The concept of equivalent reaction is proposed to calculate spatial-cyclic average species sources obtained by the 1.5D PFM and provided to the chemical model of a 3D gas flow model (GFM) for obtaining density distributions of reactive species generated by MDs in the reactive zone. The simulated temperature distribution of the reactor surface is validated by that measured with the IR thermal imager since the gas temperature was reported as a critical discharge parameter for O3 generation. The simulated O3 densities show the same trend as the flow rate changes, which demonstrates the proposed model captures the average discharge dynamics in different operating conditions. In the 1.5D PFM, the simulated results show that the O3 molecules produced in the case of 4 SLM are much more than those produced in the case of 1 SLM though the O atoms produced in the case of 1 SLM are around 20% more than those produced in the case of 4 SLM. In the case of 1 SLM, more than 48% of O3 molecular generated are destructed, while only around 14% of O3 molecules are destructed in the case of 4 SLM. The analysis shows that around 73% of O atoms generated in the 1.5D PFM are consumed in the formation of O3 molecules in the case of 4 SLM, while only 18% of O atoms generated in the case of 1 SLM are consumed in the formation of O3 molecules. In the 3D GFM, the O3 destructed is around 24% of that destructed in the 1.5D PFM in the case of 4 SLM due to the oxidation reaction of NO, while only 11% of O3 molecules destructed as that destructed in the 1.5D PFM in the case of 1 SLM. The amounts of O3 molecules generated in the 3D GFM are minor if they are compared with those generated in the 1.5D PFM in all cases. The overall O3 yield efficiency reaches 97 g kWh−1 with the O3 concentration increasing up to 2700 ppm in the case of 4 SLM, while the O3 yield efficiency decreases to 10 g kWh−1 and O3 concentration drops to 1400 ppm in the case of 1 SLM.
Z
3 scalar dark matter with strong positron fluxes
Authors: Díaz Sáez Bastián , Ghorbani Karim
Published: February 2023

We explore a class of simplified extensions to the Standard Model containing a complex singlet scalar as a
dark matter candidate accompanied by a vector-like lepton as a mediator, both charged under a new Z
3 symmetry. In
its simplest form, the new physics couples only to right-handed electrons, and the model is able to accommodate
the correct dark matter relic abundance around the electroweak scale up to several TeV evading the strongest
constraints from perturbativity, collider and dark matter searches. Furthermore, the model is capable to enhance
naturally positron fluxes by several orders of magnitude presenting a box-shape spectra. This framework opens up a lot of phenomenological possibilities depending on the quantum charge assignments of the new fields.
Significant intensity dependence of anisotropic two-photon absorption in ZnSe and GaP
Authors: Ye Jianpeng , Huang Min
Published: February 2023

Using polarized femtosecond laser transmission measurements toward (100), (110), (111) ZnSe, and (100) GaP, we show that in a wide laser irradiation intensity range over two orders of magnitude before the laser damage threshold, a periodic amplitude modulation always appears clearly in the angle-dependent two-photon absorption (TPA) curves for (100), (110) ZnSe, and (100) GaP. It also exhibits a close connection between the orientation-dependent TPA and the ionic bonding symmetrical characteristics of specific crystal plane, thus revealing the origin of the orientation dependence of nonlinear absorption in the strong field laser-solid interaction. Interestingly, the modulation amplitudes of orientation-dependent TPA exhibit significant intensity dependence, with the maxima occurring around 1011 W cm−2. For the orientation-dependent nonlinear absorption in solids, such a nonmonotonic relationship between the irradiation intensity and the modulation amplitude has not been revealed previously in the near-damage-threshold regime by direct transmission measurements. In particular, with the intensity approaching the laser damage threshold, the significant descending trend of modulation amplitude confirms the consistent characteristics of saturation or even attenuation for the orientation dependence of TPA in the two crystals, which might be considered as a product of absorption saturation phenomenon of TPA at high irradiation intensity and would provide new understanding about the orientation-dependent TPA in the near-damage-threshold regime.
Note on rare Z-boson decays to double heavy quarkonia*
Authors: Gao Dao-Neng , Gong Xi
Published: February 2023

Within the standard model, we have investigated rare Z-boson decays into double heavy quarkonia,

and

, with V and P denoting vector and pseudoscalar quarkonia, respectively. It is assumed that the leading-order QCD diagrams would give the dominant contributions to these processes, and the corresponding branching fractions, for instance,

, have been estimated to be approximately

in literature. However, these decays could also happen through electromagnetic transitions

and

, with the virtual photon transforming into V. Interestingly, the smallness of the vector quarkonium mass can give rise to a large factor

relative to the QCD contributions, which thus counteracts the suppression from the electromagnetic coupling. We systematically include these two types of contributions in our calculation to predict branching fractions for these decays. Particularly, owing to the virtual photon effects, it is found that

will be significantly enhanced, up to

.
Influence of Diffuser Vane Thickness on Centrifugal Compressor Performance
Authors: Yang Chuanlei , Liu Zhaoling , Liu Yang , Wang Hechun , Wang Yinyan , Hu Deng , Wang Binbin , Yang Jingzhong , Chen Yuanping
Published: February 2023

The structure of diffuser vanes has a significant influence on the performance of centrifugal compressors. To research the influence of diffuser vane thickness on the overall performance and internal flow condition of the centrifugal compressor. This paper takes a centrifugal compressor as the research object. By changing the diffuser vane thickness, and using three-dimensional fluid simulation technology to carry out simulation research. The results show that the thinner diffuser vanes can greatly improve the efficiency, flow rate and outlet temperature of the centrifugal compressor. For internal local fluid characteristics, thin diffuser blades have lower internal heat load. However, the local flow of fluid is not consistent with the change of vane thickness.
Gas Leakage Evaluation of Metallic Sealing Surfaces with Annular Morphology
Authors: Lin Ying , Zhang Jiang , Yu Xinhai , Chen Shijian , Guo Yongning
Published: February 2023

The metallic seal has been widely used in many industries, and its seal performance is the guarantee of effective and safe applications. Therefore, it needs to clarify the efforts of sealing surface morphology and leak flow on seals. Aiming at the surface of annular morphology, this paper proposes a theoretical gas leakage evaluation of metallic sealing surfaces. The anisotropic rough surfaces were used to carry out the contact analysis. From the contact model, the leak channels were extracted and then applied to the gas slip nanofluidic simulation to quantitatively evaluate the leakage. The evaluation was finally validated by leakage experiments. This provides a valuable approach to explore the influence of the surface microscopic topology and the gas leak nanofluidic flow on the sealing performances.
Influence of Foreign Body Blockage in Water Cooling Wall on Flow and Heat Transfer
Authors: Yang Xianbiao , Wang Shutao , Liang Shaohua , Zhang Xidong
Published: February 2023

The ultra (super) critical units, as mainstream thermal power units, often need to participate in deep peak shaving. The variable load and high frequency peak regulation will lead to the partial increase of the temperature of the water-cooled wall and the phenomenon of local over-temperature. Aiming at this situation, the numerical investigation on the water-cooled wall of the #5 boiler in She-yang-gang was performed. The results show that the welding nodules and the foreign bodies in the water-cooled tube have a significant effect on the wall temperature. Moreover, with the increase of the blocking ratio (β), the mass flow in the tube decreases significantly, and the mass flow in the adjacent tubes rising. Further the increase of the mass flow is noteworthy in the nearest tubes. When the β of the target tube is higher than 0.4 the possibility of exceeding the maximum temperature limit of water-cooled wall tube material increases. The deposition of foreign body on the inner wall of the tube weakens the convective heat transfer between the inner wall and the fluid, which makes the wall temperature rise faster than other places. The more serious the deposition, the more obvious this phenomenon is.
Mixing Characteristics and Flow Fields Optimization of Primary Air for Coal Mill
Authors: Sheng Ranran
Published: February 2023

This paper mainly focuses on the problems of inaccurate measurement of the primary air flow rate in a coal-fired power plant. The feasibility of improving the uniformity of flow fields and temperature fields by installing double-layer arch cool air distributor and mixed flow matrix was analyzed by the method of numerical simulation. The results show that, the relative standard deviation of the wind speed measurement section of optimization model decreased from 18.7%~18.4% to 9%~9.1%, compared with the original model. Similarly, the relative standard deviation of temperature measurement section also decreased from 15%~14.6% to 1.3%~1.4%. The study suggests that this mixed flow fields equalization solution can effectively enhance the mixing of cool and hot primary air, and can improve the uniformity of the mixed air flow fields, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of primary air measurement.
Degradation of Methyl Orange by Flower-like ZnO Synergistically with H2O2
Authors: Cai Yungao , Dong Yinghong , Sun Dejuan
Published: February 2023

Flower-like ZnO was prepared by a simple microwave method, and characterized by XRD and SEM, PL. The photocatalytic analysis of methyl orange degradation by the flower-like ZnO was carried out, and the experiment was repeated. The XRD patterns confirmed that the product was wurtzite structured ZnO. Mercury lamp of 20 W was used to degrade methyl orange, the degradation efficiency was only about 4% after 320 min. Researched the effect of H2O2on photocatalytic performance, found degradation efficiency was more than 82% after 3 min, illustrated that H2O2had a strong role in promoting photocatalysis, organic compounds can be degraded by cooperative effort between flower-like ZnO and H2O2. The experimental results of the degradation of Methyl Orange by ZnO synergistically with H2O2show that the the degradation rat degradation of methyl orange by flower-like ZnO synergistically with H2O2is increased about 27 times, H2O2has a very good promoting effect on ZnO photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. Finally, the mechanism of H2O2synergistic with flower-like ZnO degradation of methyl orange was analyzed.
Study on the Preparation of Special Wettability Nanofiber Membranes and Its Application in Oil-water Separation
Authors: Gao Di , Xin Binjie , Zhang Zhihao , Wang Yingwen , Yu WenJie , Hou Chao , Jiang Yuchen , Huang Peijun , Xu Wenjun
Published: February 2023

The effective separation of oily wastewater not only effectively avoids the environmental pollution problems caused by direct discharge, but also enables the recycling of oil and water resources, so the research of materials for separating oily wastewater is particularly important for saving resources and protecting the environment. Membrane separation technology is considered to be the most promising method for effective treatment of oily wastewater due to its flexible operation and high efficiency. Special wettability nanofiber membrane materials have superhydrophobic/superoleophilic or superhydrophilic/superoleophobic properties, which have led to widespread interest in the research of oil-water separation applications. This paper summarizes and concludes the application of different types of special infiltrative nanofiber membrane materials in the field of oil-water separation, points out the problems in the separation process, and finally gives an outlook on its future development direction.