bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective Properties of Photobiomodulation in Retinal Regeneration in Rats: Perspectives From Interaction Levels
Authors: Mansouri Vahid , Razzaghi Mohammadreza , Rostami-Nejad Mohammad , Rezaei-Tavirani Majid , Heidari Mohammad Hossein , Safari Saeed , Arjmand Babak , Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa , Zali Alireza , Hamdieh Mostafa
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Photobiomodulation (PBM) is known as low-level laser (or light) therapy and is applied in different fields of medicine. However, it is required that its molecular and cellular mechanism be investigated. This study aims to assess the neuroprotective properties of PBM in the rat retina. Methods: GSE22818 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the regulation of the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) which are produced by light damage in the rat retina by the pretreatment of PBM application was assessed via network analysis and gene ontology enrichment. Results: The 78 produced DEGs by light-damage in the rat retina were protected via PBM pretreatment action. Among these determined DEGs, 53 individuals were included in the main connected component of the constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Ccl2, Icam1, Cxcl10, Timp1, and Fos were determined as hub nodes. Eight clusters including 26 regulated biochemical pathways by PBM pretreatment were identified. The critical DEGs based on the action maps were introduced. Conclusion: The finding indicates that PBM treatment protects rat retina against light damage via the prevention of Fos, Ccl2, Icam1, Cxcl10, and Myc dysregulation.
Optimized Er: YAG Laser Irradiation Distance to Achieve the Strongest Bond Strength Between Orthodontic Brackets and Zirconia-Ceramics
Authors: Mirhashmi Seyyed Amir Hossein , Ahmad Akhundi Mohammad Sadegh , Pour Ganji Saeed Mehdi , Allahdadi Mehdi , Norouzian Mohammad , Chiniforush Nasim
Published: July 2020

Introduction: In recent decades zirconium oxide has been introduced in the field of dentistry as a high-strength ceramic. Unlike its mechanical advantages, however, due to its inert chemical properties, it bonds poorly to other substrates, so improving bonding strength to an adhesive material is necessary. Methods: In this experimental study, 70 ceramic zirconia blocks were prepared and distributed randomly among 7 groups. Then the shear bond strengths were determined and the samples were examined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and multiple Tukey comparisons. Results: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that laser irradiation distance has a significant effect on orthodontics brackets bond strength to zirconia-ceramics. Based on the Tukey post hoc test, each group was compared with other groups and the contact mode and 2 mm distance groups showed significantly higher bond strength than other groups (P value <0.05). Conclusion: Orthodontic bracket bond strength to zirconia-ceramics will be reduced by increasing Er: YAG laser irradiation distance from samples. The highest bond strength will be achieved when laser irradiation distance is 2 mm or when the laser beam is in contact with samples.
Low-Level Laser Therapy Approach of Bilateral Necrotizing Sialometaplasia of the Hard and Soft Palates
Authors: Leite Milena Gomes Melo , Freitas Eliandro de Souza , de Vasconcelos II Antonio Jorge Araújo , Pinheiro Tiago Novaes
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is a rare locally destructive inflammatory benign disease that commonly affects the minor salivary glands. It is frequently associated with the glands located in the posterior portion of the hard and soft palates. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), also called photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), has been deemed a substantial method for the regenerative wound process. Case Presentation: A 32-year-old male patient was referred with a chief complaint of two asymptomatic crater-like ulcers measuring approximately 1.5 cm wide on the right side of the hard and soft palates, and another measuring 0.3 cm wide on the left side of the hard palate. The lesion had two weeks of evolution followed by a previous infectious "sore throat" event that kept the patient hospitalized for 4 days. A clinical diagnosis of NS was made. LLLT was applied during 2 sessions per week, favoring the total wound healing within 2 weeks. At 3 months of clinical followup, the patient did not present any complication or relapse and was thus released. Conclusion: This is, to our knowledge, the first clinical report of LLLT applied for the management of NS. Large palatal ulcers caused by NS usually have long healing periods. The shortened healing period observed in this case encourages the inclusion of LLLT in any treatment protocol for similar lesions.
The Use of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy to Maintain a Hopeless Tooth With a PeriodonticEndodontic Lesion: A Case Report
Authors: Derikvand Nahid , Hatami Masoud , Chiniforush Nasim , Ghasemi Seyedeh Sara
Published: July 2020

Background: In spite of some advances in periodontal generative methods, it is impossible to stop progressive Loss of supporting alveolar bone in some end-stage periodontitis. The aim of this study is to report a kind of treatment modality which was seemed to be successes full in maintaining teeth. In this case-report, a hopeless tooth was saved by combined non-surgical periodontalendodontal treatment and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Case Report: A 58-year-old male presented with a chief complaint of pain and mobility of tooth number 38. Clinical examinations revealed a periodontic-endodontic lesion with clinical attachment loss exceeding 10 mm and grade III mobility. To preserve the tooth, we operated nonsurgical periodontal treatment including scaling and root planning (SRP) plus root canal therapy (RCT) combined with intra-root canal non-aPDT laser decontamination. Then we applied laser pocket therapy with and without aPDT. Following 6 months of the aPDT treatment, the mobility and pocket depth of the tooth improved from grade III to I and from 10 to 3 millimeters respectively. Conclusion: aPDT is a novel adjunctive therapy that can be used for various conditions with microbial etiology. This case report demonstrated that aPDT might be effective in the treatment of periodontic-endodontic lesions in a hopeless tooth.
Inventing the Past, Reimagining the Future: Remembrance of Irish History in Aisteach
Authors: Diovanni Timothy
Published: July 2020

In January 2015, Jennifer Walshe, a contemporary Irish composer, in collaboration with a handful of Irish artists, musicians, and composers, published Aisteach, a fictional history of an Irish avant-garde. The contemporary artists invented an ‘archive’ of Irish avant-gardists, who allegedly lived in the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first centuries, writing their histories and composing works attributed to them. The creators then built a website that includes articles on the imaginary artists, recordings of their works, and images of their art, among other resources. Aisteach continues to expand as more people contribute to it; the most recent exhibition, which occurred in Sligo, Ireland in September 2018, introduced more imaginary artists into Irish history.

Including many female and LGBTQ figures, Aisteach constructs a more diverse and inclusive history of Irish art and music that in turn casts a new light both on the real historical past and the present musical and political scenes. Through this invented tradition, the Aisteach creators also evoke alternative memories that fill in gaps in their nation’s compositional history, enable future generations of artists in Ireland, and work through their cultural inheritance to reshape and, in some cases, reaffirm conceptions of Irishness.
COMPLEX DIAGNOSTICS OF GIFTED CHILDREN OF PRESCHOOL AGE
Authors: Mazunova Lydia Konstantinovna , Gubaidullin Marat Irecovich , Khalikova Lilia Rashitovna
Published: July 2020

The article describes a set of diagnostic tools to identify the natural potential of a gifted preschooler, it presents the results of diagnosing children and their parents using these tools, as well as their interpretation. The relevance of the formation of a comprehensive diagnosis of giftedness of preschool children is determined by the task of promoting preservation and development of child giftedness, the national gene pool of gifted people in Russia. The novelty of the considered approach to solving the problem of diagnosing children’s giftedness lies in the use of an original set of techniques for determining the profile of the dominant hemispheres of the brain, a psychotype and natural inclinations of the child. The aim of the study is to find an answer to the question concerning the potential of giftedness with which a person is born and the percentage of children endowed with it. Among the research methods employed were such empirical methods as observation and testing with the help of a set of questionnaires and tests, as well as a statistical method for the initial collection and primary processing of quantitative data on natural inclinations, psychotypes, dominant profiles of hemispheric brain activity. The following diagnostic tools were applied: A. I. Savenkov’s questionnaire “Palette of interests” - to determine the natural inclinations of preschoolers,” Psychogeometric test of S. Dellinger (in the adaptation of G. I. Kolesnikova) - to determine a psychotype and the technique of Carla Hannaford - to determine the dominant profile of hemispheric activity of the brain. Among the results obtained, the most significant conclusion is the possibility of identifying a diverse and rich palette of natural inclinations in each child, which will allow individualizing the content aspect of the program and serve as a basic condition for the successful development of natural inclinations of each child. In the total sample of children (1669 questionnaires) more than 82% demonstrated inclinations to 3-4 types of human activity. Also revealed are more poorly developed areas, such as the communicative sphere, which is associated with the lack of live interaction (communication) of the child with adults and peers, and humanitarian, requiring more attention to the speech development of the child. Thus, children of 4-7 years old of both sexes with a dominant profile were characterized by a weak interest in the communicative sphere, the most preferred area for girls was art, and for boys - mathematics and technology
O Direito ao Lazer e as Novas Expressões da “Questão Social” Frente à (Ir)Realidade Brasileira
Authors: Athayde Pedro Fernando Avalone
Published: July 2020

Este artigo é resultado dos estudos e debates da disciplina “Questão Social, Instituições e Serviço Social”, do programa de pós-graduação em Política Social da Universidade de Brasília. O trabalho almeja relacionar o lazer como direito social às novas expressões da “questão social”, considerando as especificidades da realidade nacional, sobretudo aquelas referentes às questões de gênero e étnico-raciais. O delineamento metodológico foi composto por pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, priorizando as referências utilizadas durante a disciplina. A análise epistemológica demonstrou falta de coesão sobre a gênese e natureza da “questão social”. Posteriormente, verificamos que as mudanças societárias contemporâneas e as novas determinações da “questão social” engendram desigualdades de gênero e raciais no âmbito da sociedade brasileira, além de limitar o acesso ao lazer como direito social.
Restrições ao Lazer Feminino
Authors: Barbosa Carla , Liechty Toni , Pedercini Raquel
Published: July 2020

Este artigo de revisão bibliográfica propõe-se a discutir as restrições sofridas por mulheres em seus momentos de lazer, focando particularmente na experiência de lésbicas. Os autores discutem aspectos pertinentes ao tema, tais como expectativas de gênero, lazer em família, homossexualidade feminina, homofobia, interseccionalidade entre fatores de opressão social, utilização de espaços urbanos, além da própria definição do que seja lazer. A intenção deste trabalho é apresentar um panorama sobre o tema e contribuir para futuros estudos.
Entre o “Serve” e o “Significa”
Authors: Stigger Marco Paulo , Thomassim Luis Eduardo
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é sistematizar alguns posicionamentos diante do tema dos projetos sociais esportivos. Buscaremos questionar um conjunto de representações e mitos sobre as relações que os diferentes sujeitos das classes populares estabelecem com esses projetos. Para isso, nos valemos da experiência com pesquisas etnográficas junto a praticantes de esporte e lazer e em projetos sociais esportivos. Partindo da desconstrução de noções que naturalizam atributos ao esporte, passamos ao diálogo com as expectativas de socializações positivas através do esporte. Utilizando resultados de diversas pesquisas, problematizamos as justificativas que se sustentam na “utilidade social” do esporte e reiteramos a validade da análise da dimensão do significado desta prática para os grupos sociais em questão. Concluímos articulando o significado cultural do esporte com os desafios de políticas que busquem enquadrá-lo como um direito social.
O Duelo de Rimas no Rap como Atividade de Lazer de Jovens
Authors: Tejera Daniel Bidia Olmedo , Aguiar Carmen Maria
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho versará sobre a Batalha Central, evento mensal que acontece no centro de Piracicaba/SP em que admiradores da música Rap se reúnem para travar duelos de rimas de uma forma lúdica. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar se o Rap no contexto das batalhas de improviso, pode ou não proporcionar ao participante um momento de lazer que possa contribuir para o seu desenvolvimento, principalmente crítico e criativo, além de verificar a influência de ordem moral e cultural que os preceitos do Hip-hop podem exercer em seus participantes. Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa caracterizada por ser um estudo de caso e exploratório. Através deste estudo, foi possível perceber consideravelmente a influência exercida pelos preceitos do Hip- hop na vida dos jovens que participam desta prática, além de entender especificamente como as batalhas de Mc`s interferem no desenvolvimento da criatividade e criticidade do praticante.
O Futebol e o Início da Diversão Esportivizada em Montes Claros-MG
Authors: Silva Luciano Pereira da
Published: July 2020

As primeiras décadas do século XX no Brasil são marcadas por transformações no modo de vida dos indivíduos, sobretudo os citadinos. Os apelos para a necessidade de um comportamento entendido como moderno são frequentes e passam, entre outros, pelas práticas de diversão. Entre estas, destacam-se as vivências esportivas, símbolos de uma nova sociedade que procura identificar-se com o novo. Este estudo investiga as primeiras manifestações esportivas na cidade norte mineira de Montes Claros a partir do que foi publicado em jornais do início do século XX e das obras de memorialistas. Nesta localidade, no período destacado, o futebol passa a ser visto como um hábito de diversão que aproxima a elite da cidade de um desejado modo de vida moderno.
Jogos de Improviso como Estratégia para o Bem Estar na Educação
Authors: Silva Tiago Aquino da Costa e , Pines Junior Alipio Rodrigues , Schwartz Gisele Maria , Gonçalves Kaoê Giro Ferraz , Leão Junior Cleber Mena
Published: July 2020

O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a maneira como as crianças se envolvem com a proposta de vivências de jogos de improviso, utilizados como estratégia criativa na educação para o bem estar no âmbito do lazer. O estudo, de natureza qualitativa, foi desenvolvido por meio de pesquisas bibliográfica e de campo e utilizou a técnica de observação como instrumento para a coleta de dados. Fez parte do estudo uma amostra intencional composta por 81 crianças com idade média de 7 anos e 10 meses matriculadas no Ensino Fundamental I do Green Book School, São Paulo, Brasil. As atividades foram desenvolvidas durante 6 aulas práticas, sendo dois encontros semanais de 50 minutos, em que as crianças atuaram como jogadores-atores em diversas propostas de improvisações temáticas e com objetos. As informações advindas da observação foram anotadas em diário de campo e foram posteriormente analisadas por categorias, envolvendo os níveis pessoal, coletivo e artístico de envolvimento e ação. Os resultados indicam que as crianças demonstraram grande alegria, bem-estar, motivação e prazer nas atividades de improvisação propostas, apresentando bom rendimento nos três níveis de observação durante as vivências. Os jogos de improviso apresentaram-se como uma estratégia educacional interessante no caminho de construção e reconstrução de ações, por intermédio da criatividade, transpondo elementos do óbvio e do comum, que são catalisadores de novos processos psicológicos, sociológicos e artísticos.
O Lazer nas Conferências e nos Planos Nacionais de Políticas para as Mulheres
Authors: Bonalume Claudia Regina , Isayama Hélder Ferreira
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo trazemos uma análise acerca da relação mulheres e lazer, presente nas conferências e nos planos nacionais de políticas para as mulheres. Até o momento, as cinco conferências nacionais e os três planos delas derivados nos permitem perceber que a temática do lazer se faz timidamente presente nas demandas, quase restrita às situações em que um rol de direitos é reivindicado. No entanto, a participação dos órgãos governamentais responsáveis por políticas que envolvem lazer na elaboração dos planos, a exemplo dos ministérios da Cultura e do Esporte, interfere no resultado, favorecendo a inclusão da temática. O lazer, quando mencionado, é tratado como vivência significativa, humanizada, integrada e contextualizada, sem ênfase ao viés compensatório. Embora não esteja invisível, é possível perceber que esse direito social ainda é pouco demandado pelo segmento mulheres.
Da Participação de Mulheres no Futebol em Barbacena/MG nas Três Primeiras Décadas do Século XX
Authors: Silva Igor Maciel , Rosa Maria Cristina
Published: July 2020

Este artigo busca compreender como mulheres de Barbacena/MG participaram do futebol nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Realizou-se pesquisa documental na Hemeroteca Histórica da Biblioteca Pública Estadual Luiz de Bessa, em Belo Horizonte, no jornal Cidade de Barbacena. O futebol manifestou-se de diferentes formas: times foram organizados, campos inaugurados, jogos realizados e sedes sociais de clubes construídas. As mulheres, sobretudo jovens pertencentes a estratos sociais mais privilegiados economicamente, participaram como assistentes-espectadoras e assistentes-torcedoras responsáveis pelo lance inicial de partidas, pela entrega de premiação à equipe vencedora e como madrinha de time. Essas formas de participação não se opuseram ou se permutaram e podem ter possibilitado, com a presença da mulher em campo, outras configurações para um esporte destinado então apenas aos homens.
Quem Ama o Tradicional, Bonito lhe Parece
Authors: Tenório Jederson Garbin
Published: July 2020

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a percepção discente acerca de aulas de Educação Física (EF), a escola e o lazer. Uma das situações mais comuns percebidas no cotidiano escolar têm sido o desânimo dos alunos frente à maioria das atividades desenvolvidas na escola, independente da disciplina, acentuando esse problema ao final do Ensino Fundamental. Como percurso metodológico, realizamos primeiramente uma pesquisa bibliográfica, sendo este um estudo qualitativo. Na segunda fase da pesquisa, realizamos a pesquisa de campo, de tipo participante, em que foram realizadas ações pedagógicas junto a alunos do Ensino Médio, com foco na educação para o lazer. Como resultado consideramos que os discentes gostariam que as aulas de EF e a escola pudessem modificar seu modelo tradicional minimizando o desânimo e a falta de comprometimento dos alunos principalmente no Ensino Médio.
Prognóstico do Lazer nas Diferentes Agendas Setoriais
Authors: Mendes Ricardo Alves , Pimentel Giuliano Gomes de Assis
Published: July 2020

Com a globalização, a atividade prospectiva se tornou cada vez mais complexa. Nesse sentido, buscamos compreender os sentidos dados ao lazer nas agendas globais setoriais (saúde, meio ambiente, economia). Para tanto, realizamos análise documental de 6 agendas subscritas por agências internacionais, nacionais ou locais. A exegese crítica do material apontou que o lazer é analisado de forma parcial, predominantemente como um campo afetado pelo desenvolvimento tecnológico e econômico ou como meio para promoção da saúde no contexto do desenvolvimento social e ambiental.
Revisión bibliográfica de las recomendaciones de las Guías de Práctica Clínica para la prescripción de Medias de Compresión Médica
Authors: Molina Carrillo Rubén , Rozas Martín José María
Published: July 2020

La terapia de compresión se puede aplicar con diversos dispositivos, entre los que se incluyen vendajes, sistemas de compresión neumática secuencial, dispositivos de velcro autoajustables, medias de compresión y los sistemas 2 en 1 compuestos por dos calcetines. Las principales indicaciones clínicas de las medias de compresión son la prevención y/o el tratamiento de los síntomas de la insuficiencia venosa primaria y el síndrome postrombótico, así como el linfedema y el lipedema. Tan solo a una minoría de los pacientes que necesitaría terapia de compresión a largo plazo se les llegan a prescribir. La inexperiencia, la falta de formación y la gran cantidad de materiales diferentes son consideradas como obstáculos por el profesional para la recomendación de medias. Por otro lado, también existe una escasa adherencia terapéutica por parte de los pacientes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar y analizar las recomendaciones que ofrecen las principales guías y documentos basados en evidencias científicas para ayudar a los profesionales sanitarios a prescribir la media más adecuada para cada persona y conseguir los mejores resultados. Para ello, se han consultado 7 documentos basados en evidencias científicas. Las lagunas de conocimiento detectadas, sumadas a la confusión que se deriva de la variedad de tipos de medias disponibles, de la diversidad de condiciones clínicas que pueden requerir sus uso y de la variabilidad de situaciones personales que puede presentar cada paciente, hacen que las recomendaciones de las guías actualmente vigentes resulten insuficientes para resolver las dudas que surgen a la hora de prescribir medias de compresión.
Blockchain for COVID-19: Review, Opportunites and a Trusted Tracking System
Authors: Marbouh Dounia , Abbasi Tayaba , Maasmi Fatema , Omar Ilhaam , Debe Mazin , Salah Khaled , Jayaraman Raja , Ellahham Samer
Published: July 2020

The sudden development of the COVID-19 pandemic exposed
the limitations in modern healthcare systems to handle public health
emergencies. It is evident that adopting innovative technologies such as
blockchain can help in effective planning operations and resource deployments. Blockchain
technology can play an important role in the healthcare sector such as improved
clinical trial data management by reducing delays in regulatory approvals,
streamline the communication between diverse stakeholders of the supply chain
etc. Moreover, the spread of misinformation has intensely increased during the
outbreak and existing platforms lack the ability to validate the authenticity
of data, causing people to panic and act irrationally. Thus, developing a
blockchain-based tracking system is important to ensure that the information
received by the public and government agencies are reliable and trustworthy. In
this paper, we focus on blockchain abilities to track the COVID-19 data
collected from various sources including news, healthcare professionals,
researchers etc, verify and append them in a secure and trusted distributed
ledger. Thus, we propose a generic framework using Ethereum smart contracts and
oracles to track real-time data related to the number of new cases, deaths and
recovered cases obtained from trusted sources. We present detailed algorithms
that capture the interactions between stakeholders in the network. The smart
contract code was developed and tested in Remix environment. We present the
cost and security analysis incurred by the stakeholders and highlight the
challenges and future directions of our work. Our work demonstrates that the proposed
solution is economically feasible and ensures data integrity, security, transparency,
data traceability among stakeholders.
KONSTRUKSI I`LAN AL-NIKAH DALAM FIQH PANCASILA (Telaah Pencatatan Perkawinan Perspektif Sad Al-Dzariah)
Authors: Rohman Moh Mujibur , Mohsi M
Published: July 2020

The law on marital registration has juridical consequences, that marriage registration is a necessity of continuing legal actions in the form of marriage. Munakahat Fiqh does not know the name of marriage registration. The existence of marriage registration legislation creates a gap (dispute / conflict) between the law of fiqh munakahat with statutory regulations. in fiqh there is no registration of marriage. It's just that, for the sake of benefit and to avoid things muḍarat, then Islam (fiqh) recommends the existence of i'l al-nikâḥ (announcing marriage) which is then manifested in the form of wedding celebrations (walîmah al-shursh). Marriage that is not recorded at the competent authority raises many conditions, so that marriage registration is considered as a preventive measure (prevention) from the government as sadd al-dharî'ah (blocking the road).
The effect of plant density on the growth and yield of three cultivars of barley
Authors: Indoush Abdul Halim Rajab , Elduhere Ibrahim Ali
Published: July 2020

A field experiment was carried out in Bir Arjam area east of Suluq during the agricultural season 2018/2019 in order to know the effect of plant densities on the growth and yield of three cultivars of barley crop. The study was carried out with the design of split plot with four replicates in which cultivars (Rihan, Safet-65, Mebsher-4), were assigned to main plots and Seeding rates (70, 100, 130) kg seeds/ha to sub plots. The experimental unit area was 8 m2. All agricultural operations were carried out according to the regulations used in the region to produce the barley crop. Planting took place in mid-November. As for nitrogen fertilizer, it was added at a rate of 135 kg N/ha in two batches, half the amount when planting and the remaining half at the branching stage. The increase in plant density led to an increase in plant height, the higher density gave the highest height 75.78 cm, and the highest cereal yield was 3.156 t/ha. The highest protein content was 7.911%. While the cultivar (Safet-65) was given the highest number of spikes 308.8 spike/m2 and the highest weight of cereal yield was 3.289 tons/hectare, whereas the highest protein content in cereals for the variety Mebsher-4 was 8.156%.
Marcin Kromer, 'Musicae elementa', ed. and trans. into Polish by Elżbieta Witkowska-Zaremba, English trans. by Calvin M. Bower. Warsaw 2019
Authors: Pirani Giacomo
Published: July 2020

Book Review: 'Marcin Kromer, Musicae elementa', ed. and trans. into Polish by Elżbieta Witkowska-Zaremba, English trans. by Calvin M. Bower. Warsaw 2019
Contagions: Domains, Challenges and Health Devices
Authors: Ferreira Carlos Miguel , Serpa Sandro
Published: July 2020

This article aims to understand the domains and uses of the various conceptual frameworks of contagion, its modalities and effects, in its different acceptations and historical contexts, as an expression of the process of interdependence between the stances and the different viewpoints of diverse actors involved with multiple scientific, moral, social and political challenges. Another objective focuses on understanding the process of collective management of contagion, disease and health, in which prevention is a critical element of its objectives and justifications, its discursive order and its practical activities.
Analysis of the Distribution of Exchange-Rates near the 2008 Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Jun Doobae , Kim Jinsu , Kim Gwangil
Published: July 2020

We search for indicators that might have predicted the 2008 financial crisis, by analyzing the standardized normalized distribution of exchange-rates. We find that this distribution was close to normal during the crisis, but had an exceptionally high kurtosis in the second quarter of 2006, indicating the beginning of long-term USD weakness. Somewhat nearer to the crisis, we can also see suggestive fluctuations in some exchange-rates. Further, we analyze stock-market indices across the crisis, and show that they responded more sensitively than exchange-rates, and that the distribution of stock-market indices also has an exceptional value of kurtosis at Q2 2006, suggesting that the kurtosis of the distribution of exchange-rates might have provided as an early indicator of the crisis.
Models Connecting Points on Pupils’ Achievement in Rational Numbers
Authors: Omoruan Bertha Ese , Osadebe Patrick Uzo
Published: July 2020

The study investigated pupils’ achievement in rational numbers, using constructivist models and traditional approach of instruction as connecting points between pupils’ prior knowledge of whole numbers concept and the new concept. Pre-test post-test non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental research design was adopted. A research question guided the study and was answered using descriptive statistics; and a formulated corresponding null hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance, using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). A sample of 103 pupils was used for the study. A test instrument titled Rational Numbers Achievement Test (RNAT) was developed, validated and used to generate data. The instrument had 0.74 reliability index of internal consistency through the use of Kuder Richardson formula 21. The results showed that different types of representation are central to conceptual understanding, and are able to resolve pupils’ difficulties and misconceptions about rational numbers. Based on these findings, it was recommended that constructivist models of instruction should be part of the main instructional approaches for the teaching-learning of mathematics at the Basic Levels of the Nigerian school system.
Exploring Persistence Factors Of Students in Agricultural Science
Authors: Rashid Abdullah Mat , Ishan Irra Zahira , Mohamed Nurul Farhana
Published: July 2020

The authors employed a qualitative case study design to explore factors of persistence in agricultural science program. Specifically focused on factors that influence participants continue in enroll the agricultural program in tertiary education since previously studied a subject or several subjects related to agriculture in secondary school. All participants had taken agricultural programs in tertiary education and previously had studied subject that related to agriculture during secondary school. Findings show that support from close individual, school environment, exposure to agriculture and personal factor were factors influencing the persistence of students in agriculture. The authors address implications for increasing student’s persistence in agricultural science program.
Al-Qur`an Learning Innovation Based on Blended Cooperative e-Learning in School
Authors: Mujib Ahmad , Marhamah Marhamah
Published: July 2020

Learning Al-Qur'an in schools today still uses the old methods, drill and lecture. So students are not involved in learning, on the other hand, they become the object of learning itself. Al-Qur'an learning innovation is absolutely necessary, in order to stimulate student motivation and create a pleasant atmosphere of learning. Blended Learning Method is the combination of face-to-face and non-face-to-face methods both through offline and online digital learning. This method becomes a solution for learning Al-Qur'an because of the lack of face-to-face hours and it is not achieving the true learning objectives of Al-Qur'an. The purpose of this research is to find out the best solution in learning Al-Qur'an. The object of this research is the method of learning Al-Qur’an in Senior high schools (SMA) Muhammadiyah 16 Jakarta. This study used Research and Development methods. After conducting in-depth research, the results are found that the learning model of Al-Qur’an in SMA Muhammadiyah 16 needs to be developed into blended cooperative learning based e-learning.
Evaluating the Arabic Language Curriculum for the Seventh Grade in Light of the Comprehensive Quality Standards
Authors: AlHussein Eman Basheer
Published: July 2020

The study aimed to evaluate the curriculum of the seventh-grade Arabic language considering the comprehensive quality standards and to achieve the goals of the study a list was prepared that included (49) standards of comprehensive quality distributed to seven areas, namely the goals field (8) standards, and the content field (10) standards, and the field The content was presented (5) criteria, the field of evaluation (8) standards, the field of activities (5) standards, the field of means (6) standards, and the field of output (9) standards. In the light of this list, the Arabic language book for the seventh grade was analyzed, according to the method of analyzing The content, and the idea was the unit of analysis, and the results indicated that the book met the quality standards well, so that the second field (the content) got the first rank by (20.12%) and the fourth field got the evaluation at the second position with a percentage of (16.87%), while the objectives area It came in the last rank with (10.45%) and in the penultimate rank the field of activities came in with a rate of (10.84%). As for the rest of the fields, they were in varying proportions, so the output came out at (16.81%), and the content was presented at (12.90%) and the means (12.0%).
The Academic Supervision of the School Principal: A Case in Indonesia
Authors: Noor Idris HM , Herlinawati  , Sofyaningrum Etty
Published: July 2020

A principal plays a vital role in managing school and improving teacher's quality teaching instruction in the class. This study explores the academic supervision of the principal in helping teachers improve their teaching profession to enhance students’ learning outcomes. Secondary data were collected from the document of basic data of education of the Ministry of Education and Culture. The online survey and FGD as well as  interview are used to collect data about the number of principal's monitoring teacher’s teaching activities in the class, the implementation of the principals’ supervision, and the improvement of teaching activities after supervision. The descriptive technique is used to analyse the data (Strauss dan Corbin, 1990, p. 62). The study reveals that the supervision follows the procedure (planning, implementation, reporting, and follow-up results of the supervision) as a guide  of monitoring. However, in the implementation, all processes in the guidelines are not appropriately followed, due to the heavy burden of the principal’s school task.
The Relationship between Personality and Managerial Ability of School Principals with Work Motivation of Elementary School Teachers
Authors: Paulus Kristo , Marhamah Marhamah
Published: July 2020

This study focuses on examining the relationship between the Principal's Personality and Managerial Ability and the Motivation of Primary School Teacher Work in East Jakarta District. The study was conducted at Elementary School Teachers in the Matraman District, East Jakarta, Academic Year 2018/2019. The research methodology used is the survey methodology with correlational techniques. The population in this study were all elementary school teachers in Matraman District, with a sample of 60 teachers from each village. Sampling with cluster random sampling. Data about the principal's personality, managerial abilities, and work motivation of teachers were collected with instruments in the form of a Likert scale. The results of the study: (1) there is a positive relationship between the principal's personality and the teacher's work motivation, (2) there is a positive relationship between the principal's managerial ability and the teacher's work motivation, (3) there is a positive relationship between the principal's personality and the principal's managerial ability together with the teacher's work motivation. The conclusion that teacher work motivation can be improved by maximizing: (1) the principal's personality, and (2) the managerial ability of the principal.
Deaf People with Wardenberg Syndrome Type II: Jordanian Case Study
Authors: Drei Samer Mohammad Abu
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to identify deaf people with Deaf with Waardenburg Syndrom Type II. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the qualitative method was used for the one case study. The sample included (2) deaf students from all deaf schools in Jordan, who are between the ages of (9-10), and (Wechsler Intelligence Scale ,WISC-IV) was applied in the language of Performance Scales and Audiometry. The results of the study showed the presence of symptoms in Deaf people with Wardenberg syndrome type II in terms of: auditory sensory loss. The presence of a side shift to the inner corner of the eyes. Premature graying of hair on the front of the head in white and some on the eyelashes or on the eyebrow. The eyebrows are connected to each other. Dark blue or brown eyes with black and pigment color differences in the iris. The root of the nose is wide and the presence of the rabbit's lip. The results of the study also showed that there is an intense focus during communication in the sign language at the hands of the speaker due to the fact that the color contrast of the eyes led to a dispersion of the focus in the sign language. They also have a sense of the direction of light, which may adversely affect the process of visual communication of sign language. The results of the study also showed that the average hearing impairment was the highest category. The study recommends further studies and research related to the level of intelligence of deaf people with Type II syndrome, as well as studies related to visual perception in Deaf people with type 2 Wardenburg syndrome and the inclusion of this syndrome as an important part of the categories of hearing impairment.
The Role of the Hashemite Scientific Councils in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in Reflecting the True Image of Islam: Analysis of Content
Authors: Shnaikat Khyriah H.
Published: July 2020

The current study aimed at identifying the role of the Hashemite Scientific Councils in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in reflecting the true image of Islam. Thecurrent study has the descriptive approach due to its suitability to the purposes of the study. The study sample was randomly selected from (48) councils from the Hashemite Scientific Councils held during (1999-2019). In order to collect data, the content exploratory analysis was applied, and it was found that the Hashemite Scientific Councils in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan had concern with religious topics with a percentage of (68%) from the general content of the topics discussed by the Councils, while political topics have ranked second, followed by educational topics, social topics, economic topics, and finally human rights topics. The study recommended the necessity of generalizing the idea of ​​the Hashemite Scientific Councils in the Arab and Islamic world, and activating the role of the Hashemite Scientific Councils by proposing new topics that match the requirements of the age of technology, as well as that the various media and communications shall adopt the message of the Hashemite Scientific Councils in disseminating the true image of Islam.
Scale characteristics and removal
Authors: de Bruijn Jan Maarten
Published: July 2020

Scaling, fouling of heat exchange surfaces, may significantly reduce heat transfer and thus affects the energy-efficiency of a sugar factory. Particularly lime salts and silica are known as the main components of scale, but fouling by deposition of insoluble organic substances may occur too. This paper summarizes the different causes of scaling in both beet and cane factories as well as the average composition of scale found at the different process stages. The process chemicals generally applied for removal of scale from heat exchange surfaces will be briefly discussed.
Evaluación Remota: Consideraciones para Puerto Rico Durante y Después del COVID-19
Authors: Jusino-Aldarondo Oxalis
Published: July 2020

En la época de COVID-19 muchos psicólogos puertorriqueños tuvieron que reinventarse con el uso de la tecnología para poder ofrecer sus servicios. En el artículo se revisa y analiza la literatura histórica sobre la evaluación remota y cómo ha evolucionado. Del mismo modo, resalta la importancia de proporcionar una comprensión del estado actual de esta modalidad antes de comenzar a ejecutar esta práctica. Para poder hacer uso de la evaluación remota es importante conocer sus implicaciones éticas, sus modalidades y el debido proceso de administración. Se discuten las leyes actuales en Puerto Rico y las recomendaciones de varias asociaciones de psicología respecto al tema. Además, se revisan los materiales necesarios como cámaras, monitores y plataformas en línea. También se analizan medidas psicológicas que evidencian la utilización de la evaluación remota y cómo se pueden ajustar para satisfacer necesidades particulares. Algunas pruebas de ejecución, como la Reynold’s Adaptable Intelligence Test, Weschler Intelligence Scales for Children V y la Woodcock Johnson IV, se han estandarizado para su administración de forma remota o se han realizado estudios equivalentes. Se considera cómo el periodo de cuarentena debido al COVID-19 puede afectar de alguna manera a la enseñanza y supervisión del proceso de evaluación y las competencias profesionales. Por último, recomendaciones de cómo se podría utilizar la evaluación remota en el futuro en Puerto Rico.
COVID-19, Infodemia y un Buen Café
Authors: González-Rivera Juan Aníbal , Álvarez-Alatorre Yazmín
Published: July 2020

Editorial Volumen 4, Número 2, 2020
Does Fiscal Decentralization Increases Regional Income Inequality in Indonesia?
Authors: Ashfahany Afief El , Djuuna Rifi Fazrina , Rofiq Nur Fahmi
Published: July 2020

This paper examines the impact of fiscal decentralization on regional income inequality in Indonesia. This study employs dynamic panel data analysis–the two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) on 2008-2017 regional level datasets. This study found that regional income inequality indeed increases during the implementation of fiscal decentralization and appears to be exceptionally high for rich provinces. Essentially, this study suggest that fiscal decentralization appears to increase regional income inequality in Indonesia. The results might be due to low regional fiscal capacity in Indonesia, which induces high dependency of local government that further restraints local competition in public goods provision.

Keywords: fiscal decentralization, regional income inequality, generalized method of moments (GMM).
Government Expenditure and Human Development in Indonesia
Authors: Maharda Johan Beni , Aulia Bunga Zharfa
Published: July 2020

This study aims to estimate the association between government expenditure and human development index (HDI) in Indonesia. Due to inequal HDI attainment, this study focuses on 12 provinces which categorized as provinces with low level of HDI in Indonesia. This study employs fixed effect model (FEM) panel data analysis on provincial level datasets from 2010 to 2018. This study found that the increase of government expenditure on education significantly increases HDI, while government expenditure on health has no significant association with HDI. Major finding of the study highlights the role of gross regional domestic product (GRDP) per capita in increasing HDI on 12 provinces in Indonesia.

Keywords: Government expenditure on education, government expenditure on health, HDI, FEM.
HAMIL DI LUAR NIKAH DAN STATUS NASAB ANAKNYA
Authors: Asman Asman
Published: July 2020

Imam Syafi’i berpendapat bahwa perkawinan akibat hamil diluar nikah adalah sah, perkawinan boleh dilangsungkan ketika seorang wanita dalam keadaan hamil. Baik perkawinan itu dilakuan dengan laki-laki yang menghamilinya ataupun dengan laki-laki yang bukan menghamilinya. Argumen Imam Syafi’i tentang kebolehan perkawinan tersebut adalah karena wanita tersebut bukanlah termasuk golongan wanita yang haram untuk dinikahi. Bayi yang lahir akibat hubungan diluar nikah nasabnya kembali kepadanya. Sedangkan menurut Imam Ahmad Bin Hambal berpendapat bahwa   perkawinan hamil di luar nikah dilakukan dengan laki-laki yang menghamilinya tidak boleh. Sedangkan perkawinan hamil di luar nikah dengan laki-laki yang bukan menghamilinya itu haram hukumnya. Dari pendapat dua tokoh ulama tersebut ada perbedaan pendapat sehingga menarik untuk dibahas. Jenis penelitian ini adalah library research, penelitian yang digunakan penelitian normatif, yaitu penelitian yang diarahkan dan difokuskan terhadap penelitian bahan-bahan pustaka. Fokus kajian ini adalah bagaimana pendapat Imam Syafi’i dan Imam Ahmad bin Hambal tentang hamil di luar nikah dan status nasab anak. Dari fokus kajian menyimpulkan bahwa setiap mazhab khusus mazhab Imam Syafi’i yang digunakan di Indonesia, sepakat bahwa batas minimal kehamilan adalah enam bulan, apabila seorang wanita dan laki-laki kawin lalu melahirkan seorang anak dalam keadaan hidup dan sempurna bentuknya sebelum enam bulan, maka anak tersebut tidak bisa dikaitkan dengan nasab atas nama suaminya.
Tin Whisker Formation on Small Outline Transistors Assembled Using Bismuth-Containing Lead-Free Solder Alloys After Long-Term Ambient Temperature, High Humidity Storage Part 2: Statistical Analysis
Authors: Delhaise André , Meschter Stephan , Snugovsky Polina , Kennedy Jeff , Bagheri Zohreh
Published: July 2020

With the introduction of environmental legislation such as the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS), lead (Pb)-free materials have made their way into the electronics manufacturing industry. One issue that has emerged is that Pb-free solder alloys can initiate and grow tin whiskers under specific conditions. These whiskers are thin, highly conductive filaments which have the potential to grow and can cause field failures in many applications. Most concerning with respect to tin whiskering are high reliability applications such as aerospace, automotive, and medical.

Bismuth (Bi) is being considered for inclusion in solder alloys to replace the current industry standard (SAC 305) and provide improved thermomechanical and vibration reliability. In this paper, we discuss whisker formation of several Bi-bearing alloys after long-term (12,000 hours), ambient high humidity (25°C/85% RH) storage. Three alloys containing Bi, in addition to SAC 305 (Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu), were considered.  These alloys were Violet (Sn-2.25Ag-0.5Cu-6.0Bi), Sunflower (Sn-0.7Cu-7.0Bi), and Senju (Sn-2.0Ag-0.7Cu-3.0Bi). The boards were fabricated with electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) and immersion tin (ImmSn) finishes and populated with parts having Cu and Fe42Ni alloy leads and chip parts, with half of assemblies cleaned and half cleaned and contaminated with low levels of NaCl.

This paper is the second in a series of three in which we share quantitative statistical analysis from the whisker inspection of the small outline transistor (SOT) components. It was found that on ImmSn surface finishes, the longest whiskers were found on SAC, however the longest whiskers were found on Bi-bearing alloys for ENIG. In addition, whiskers were found to generally grow in regions where the tin coverage is thin, and, on ENIG-finished assemblies, near the PCB, likely due to galvanic corrosion between the solder and the finish chemistry.