bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Substance, History, and Politics
Authors: Black Candace J. , Figueredo Aurelio José , Jacobs W. Jake
Published: February 2017

The aim of this article is to examine the relations between two approaches to the measurement of life history (LH) strategies: A traditional approach, termed here the biodemographic approach, measures developmental characteristics like birthweight, gestation length, interbirth intervals, pubertal timing, and sexual debut, and a psychological approach measures a suite of cognitive and behavioral traits such as altruism, sociosexual orientation, personality, mutualism, familial relationships, and religiosity. The biodemographic approach also tends not to invoke latent variables, whereas the psychological approach typically relies heavily upon them. Although a large body of literature supports both approaches, they are largely separate. This review examines the history and relations between biodemographic and psychological measures of LH, which remain murky at best. In doing so, we consider basic questions about the nature of LH strategies: What constitutes LH strategy (or perhaps more importantly, what does not constitute LH strategy)? What is gained or lost by including psychological measures in LH research? Must these measures remain independent or should they be used in conjunction as complementary tools to test tenets of LH theory? Although definitive answers will linger, we hope to catalyze an explicit discussion among LH researchers and to provoke novel research avenues that combine the strengths each approach brings to this burgeoning field.
The K-SF-42
Authors: Figueredo Aurelio José , Garcia Rafael Antonio , Menke J. Michael , Jacobs W. Jake , Gladden Paul Robert , Bianchi JeanMarie , Patch Emily Anne , Beck Connie J. A. , Kavanagh Phillip S. , Sotomayor-Peterson Marcela , Jiang Yunfan , Li Norman P.
Published: February 2017

The purpose of the present article is to propose an alternative short form for the 199-item Arizona Life History Battery (ALHB), which we are calling the K-SF-42, as it contains 42 items as compared with the 20 items of the Mini-K, the short form that has been in greatest use for the past decade. These 42 items were selected from the ALHB, unlike those of the Mini-K, making direct comparisons of the relative psychometric performance of the two alternative short forms a valid and instructive exercise. A series of secondary data analyses were performed upon a recently completed five-nation cross-cultural survey, which was originally designed to assess the role of life history strategy in the etiology of interpersonal aggression. Only data from the ALHB that were collected in all five cross-cultural replications were used for the present analyses. The single immediate objective of this secondary data analysis was producing the K-SF-42 such that it would perform optimally across all five cultures sampled, and perhaps even generalize well to other modern industrial societies not currently sampled as a result of the geographic breadth of those included in the present study. A novel method, based on the use of the Cross-Sample Geometric Mean as a criterion for item selection, was used for generating such a cross-culturally valid short form.
Evidence-Based and Values-Based Practices for People With Severe Disabilities
Authors: Singer George H. S. , Agran Martin , Spooner Fred
Published: February 2017

This article discusses the relationship between evidence-based practices (EBPs) and values in research and practice pertaining to people with severe disabilities. The importance of basing educational and habilitation practices on substantial scientific evidence for practical, moral, and legal reasons is acknowledged given the prevalence of unsubstantiated fads in this arena and the manifest success of many empirically established EBPs. It also addresses the complexity of issues surrounding the identification and use of EBPs in relation to quality of life and rights-based advocacy for this population. EBPs are discussed in a set of five different relationships with values-based practices (VBPs). In the best of cases, EBPs are consistent with and support VBPs as has often been the case in the recent history of research, practice, and social change. In other cases, the relationship between EBPs and VBPs are more complex and require thoughtful discussion in moving ahead with the important work of establishing and implementing EBPs at scale. The differences between efficacy and effectiveness are discussed in the context of the much needed work on implementing EBPs at a national scale. Examples of necessary information to aid implementation are presented. The necessity of ongoing data collection and implementation of EBPs with fidelity are highlighted.
Intraoperative Localization of Rectal Tumors Using Liposomal Indocyanine Green
Authors: Magdassi Shlomo , Bar-David Shoshi , Friedman-Levi Yael , Zigmond Ehud , Varol Chen , Lahat Guy , Klausner Joseph , Eyal Sara , Nizri Eran
Published: February 2017

Background: Tumor localization may pose a significant challenge during minimally invasive rectal resection. Near-infrared (NIR) imaging can penetrate biological tissue and afford tumor localization from the external surface of the rectum. Our aim was to develop an NIR-based tool for rectal tumor imaging that can be administered intravenously. Methods: We prepared indocyanine-green (ICG)–loaded liposomes by sonication. Liposomes were evaluated for their size and morphology. We then used an endoscopically induced rectal cancer in mice as a model for rectal cancer. After intravenous administration, tumors were evaluated for their fluorescence intensity. Tumor intensity was expressed in relation to the background signal, that is, tumor to background ratio (TBR). Results: Liposomes in various sizes could be prepared by adjusting sonication time. We selected 100-nm-sized liposomes for further experiments. Transmission electron microscopy showed spherical particles and confirmed the size measurements. The liposomes could be lyophilized and then rehydrated again before use without compromising their structure or signal. Fluorescence intensity was kept for 24 hours after solubilization. Testing the optimal time course for rectal tumor imaging revealed that early time course (up to 3 hours) yielded nonspecific imaging, whereas after long time course (24 hours), a very weak signal remained in the tissue. The optimal time window for imaging was after 12 hours from injection, with TBR = 8.1 ± 3.6 ( P = .002). Free ICG could not achieve similar results. Conclusions: The liposomal ICG can be reproducibly prepared and kept in lyophilized form. Liposomal ICG could serve as a tool for intraoperative tumor localization.
The Rebirth: Can We Live?
Authors: Beachum Floyd D. , Watson Terri N.
Published: February 2017

Nathaniel Stone, the principal of Lakeshore Community High School, was summoned to a meeting in the city. The gathering included more than a dozen influential leaders. The conversation that unfolded was, literally, unreal. Mr. Smith, a government official of sorts, called for the destruction of a social movement that was having a positive effect on the academic achievement and life chances of Black and Hispanic youth throughout the country. This narrative is constructed in the spirit of Derrick Bell’s chronicles and acknowledges the systemic nature of racism, its presence in the nation’s public schools, and its aim to disenfranchise people of color. Furthermore, it is intended to make this reality palpable to aspiring school leaders and to thwart color-blind school leadership.
Construction of an in vivo carotid siphon model for testing endovascular devices for neuro-interventions
Authors: Gao Bu-Lang , Wang Yong-Li , Zhang Xue-Jing , Fan Qiong-Ying , Hao Wei-Li , Zhang Dong-Hai
Published: February 2017

Objective

The aim of this study was to construct an in vivo carotid siphon model for testing neurovascular devices for endovascular interventions.

Methods

A model of a human carotid siphon was pre-shaped using a glass tube from a human cadaver and used to confine a segment of one side of the common carotid artery (CCA) in canines. This segment of CCA with the glass carotid siphon on was interposed end-to-end onto the contralateral CCA so as to simulate a human carotid artery siphon in vivo. Two weeks later, the siphon model was evaluated using computed tomography angiography and digital subtraction angiography, and the covered stent specially designed for intracranial vasculature was navigated through the siphon model for a longitudinal flexibility test.

Results

All dogs tolerated the procedures well, and the artificial siphon model in vivo provided realistic conditions for device testing. Two weeks later, the in vivo carotid siphon model remained patent with no thrombosis. Five covered stents were navigated to pass through five siphon models successfully, with vasospasm occurring in two siphons.

Conclusion

Construction of an in vivo siphon model in dogs with a glass tube is feasible and useful for the test of endovascular devices for treating neurovascular diseases.
An approach to the dynamic modeling and sliding mode control of the constrained robot
Authors: Shi Heng , Liang Yanbing , Liu Zhaohui
Published: February 2017

An approach to the dynamic modeling and sliding mode control of the constrained robot is proposed in this article. On the basis of the Udwadia–Kalaba approach, the explicit equation of the constrained robot system is obtained first. This equation is applicable to systems with either holonomic or non-holonomic constraints, as well as with either ideal or non-ideal constraint forces. Second, fully considering the uncertainty of the non-ideal force, that is, the dynamic friction in the constrained robot system, the sliding mode control algorithm is put forward to trajectory tracking of the end-effector on a vertical constrained surface to obtain actual values of the unknown constraint force. Moreover, model order reduction method is innovatively used in the Udwadia–Kalaba approach and sliding mode controller to reduce variables and simplify the complexity of the calculation. Based on the demonstration of this novel method, a detailed robot system example is finally presented.
Geometry and parameter design of novel circular arc helical gears for parallel-axis transmission
Authors: Chen Zhen , Ding Huafeng , Li Bo , Luo Linbo , Zhang Liang , Yang Jing
Published: February 2017

Based on the space curve meshing equation, in this article, a geometry design of a novel circular arc helical gear mechanism with pure rolling for parallel transmission was presented. Different from conventional circular arc gears, the meshing points of circular arc helical gears were limited at the instantaneous centre of rotation. The parameter equations describing the contact curves for both the driving gear and the driven gear were deduced from the space curve meshing equation, and parameter equations of the concave–convex circular arc profiles were established both for internal meshing and external meshing. Furthermore, a formula for the contact ratio was presented, and the impact factors influencing the contact ratio were discussed. Then, the parameter design was presented for the geometry parameters of tooth profiles, such as normal pitch, tooth height and tooth thickness. Using the deduced equations, several numerical examples were then considered, and prototype samples were produced to experimentally validate the contact ratio equation and the theoretical kinematic performance. The circular arc helical gear mechanism investigated in this study showed a high gear transmission performance such as a pure rolling meshing, a high contact ratio and a large comprehensive strength, when considering engineering applications.
Flight dynamic simulation of helicopter forward flight through microburst wind field
Authors: Liu Tong , Dai Yuting , Hong Guanxin
Published: February 2017

A nonlinear dynamic model of a helicopter flying through a variable microburst wind field is developed. Equivalent wind field models are established based on the Soesman and gust models to analyze quantitatively the abrupt change when a helicopter enters and leaves the wind field. The comparison of the simulation results with and without the equivalent model shows that the equivalent model has good accuracy for flight dynamic simulation of a helicopter under atmospheric disturbance. Real-time simulation of helicopter forward flight through the microburst wind field is also conducted at different positions and heights to analyze the influence of wind at the side direction and the downward flow on helicopter flight performance. The results indicate that wind at the side direction enables the helicopter to carry out complicated lateral movements with different yaw characteristics. Furthermore, with the increase in flight height, the downward flow leads to faster rate of descent and stronger vertical overload, both of which will affect the flight safety of the helicopter.
Development of a partition panel of an Al6061 sheet metal part for the improvement of formability and mechanical properties by hot forming quenching
Authors: Ko Dae-Cheol , Ko Dae-Hoon , Kim Jae-Hong , Park Joon-Hong
Published: February 2017

In this study, the hot forming quenching process was investigated to improve the deficiencies that arise in materials subjected to conventional cold stamping, such as low formability and undesirable mechanical properties. The hot forming quenching process was mainly discussed in terms of formability and mechanical properties in this study and was first evaluated by preliminary tests. To examine formability, an evaluation was conducted using hot-tensile and hemispherical-dome stretching tests at temperatures of 350°C and 450°C, respectively. In addition, the mechanical properties of the formed part were predicted using quench factor analysis, which was based on the cooling temperature during the die quenching process. These preliminary test results were then used to predict the formability and hardness of the partition panel of an automotive part, where the analytical results indicated high performance of the hot forming quenching process, in contrast to conventional forming. Finally, the hot forming quenching experiment of the partition panel was carried out to validate the predicted results and the obtained formability and hardness values were compared with conventional forming at room temperature using T4 and T6 heat-treated sheets. The analytical and experimental results indicate that the hot forming quenching process is a very effective method for obtaining desirable formability and mechanical properties in the forming of aluminum sheets.
Underwater acoustic beacon signal extraction based on dislocation superimposed method
Authors: Zhang Zengmeng , Cheng Xing , Ning Dayong , Hou Jiaoyi , Gong Yongjun
Published: February 2017

Flight data are recorded in an acoustic beacon. A new signal extraction method led by random decrement technique is proposed to detect sound signals from thousands of meters under the sea. This method involves dislocation superimposed method and cross-correlation function to extract acoustic beacon signals with noise interference. First, the starting point is selected and the length of each segment is determined via two superposition ways. Second, the signal segment for linear superposition is intercepted to complete acoustic beacon signal extraction. Finally, the signals are subjected to cross-correlation and energy analyses to determine the accuracy of interception signals. During the experiment, the collected acoustic beacon signal is used as the test signal, and the signal is obtained as the simulation signal on the basis of the parameters of acoustic beacons. Results show that the correlation between the synthetic and concerned signals is more than 80% after a number of superposition are performed and the extraction effect is remarkable. Dislocation superimposed method is simple and easily operated, and the extracted signal waveform yields a high accuracy.
Attenuation of hyperalgesia responses via the modulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine signalings in the rostral ventromedial medulla and spinal cord in a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced rat model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wang Chen-Tao , Mao Cheng-Jie , Zhang Xiao-Qi , Zhang Cai-Yi , Lv Dong-Jun , Yang Ya-Ping , Xia Kai-Lin , Liu Jun-Yi , Wang Fen , Hu Li-Fang , Xu Guang-Yin , Liu Chun-Feng
Published: February 2017

Background

Although pain is one of the most distressing non-motor symptoms among patients with Parkinson’s disease, the underlying mechanisms of pain in Parkinson’s disease remain elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) and spinal cord in pain sensory abnormalities in a 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rat model of Parkinson’s disease.

Methods

The rotarod test was used to evaluate motor function. The radiant heat test and von Frey test were conducted to evaluate thermal and mechanical pain thresholds, respectively. Immunofluorescence was used to examine 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons and fibers in the rostral ventromedial medulla and spinal cord. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels.

Results

The duration of running time on the rotarod test was significantly reduced in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats. Nociceptive thresholds of both mechanical and heat pain were reduced compared to sham-treated rats. In addition to the degeneration of cell bodies and fibers in the substantia nigra pars compacta, the number of rostral ventromedial medulla 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons and 5-hydroxytryptamine fibers in the spinal dorsal horn was dramatically decreased. 5-Hydroxytryptamine concentrations in both the rostral ventromedial medulla and spinal cord were reduced. Furthermore, the administration of citalopram significantly attenuated pain hypersensitivity. Interestingly, Intra-rostral ventromedial medulla (intra-RVM) microinjection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine partially reversed pain hypersensitivity of 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the decreased 5-hydroxytryptamine contents in the rostral ventromedial medulla and spinal dorsal horn may be involved in hyperalgesia in the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced rat model of Parkinson’s disease.
‘The Manly Art’: The Burlesque Boxing Match in Nineteenth-Century Knockabout Comedy
Authors: Babiak Paul Michael
Published: February 2017

This article maintains that the knockabout comedy of the nineteenth-century circus, music hall and concert saloon constituted a unique form of physical performance, possessing a physical technique distinct from those of both the ballet-pantomime that had preceded and the cinematic ‘rough-house’ and ‘slap-stick’ comedy that succeeded it. The argument focuses on the analysis of a common physical ‘trope’ central to both: the burlesque boxing (or sometimes wrestling) act, which emerges during the 1850s in tandem with the international spread of pugilism itself, and which remained a core motif of popular physical comedy performance from the 1850s until the decline of slapstick in the decade preceding the outbreak of the Second World War.
PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer: evidence, experience and clinical potential
Authors: Evans Tarra , Matulonis Ursula
Published: February 2017

Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) are considered one of the most active and exciting new therapies for the treatment of ovarian cancer. The anticancer activity of PARP inhibitors is based on the DNA repair vulnerability of many ovarian cancer cells, and multiple mechanisms of action of PARP inhibitors have been identified. As single agents, PARP inhibitors have demonstrated their greatest activity in ovarian cancer cells that harbor mutations in BRCA genes. Additionally, recent phase III studies have shown that single-agent PARP inhibitor activity extends beyond BRCA-related cancers and can benefit patients with ovarian cancers that do not have known BRCA mutations, especially when clinical characteristics such as platinum sensitivity and high-grade serous histology are present. PARP inhibitors have also been combined with chemotherapy, however, overlapping myelosuppression observed with PARP inhibitor and chemotherapy combinations has hampered development of these combinations. Contrariwise, PARP inhibitor and biologic agent combinations, specifically antiangiogenic agents, appear well tolerated and show promising activity in both BRCA mutated ( BRCAm) and BRCA wild-type ( BRCAwt) cancers. Currently, multiple clinical trials are underway examining the antitumor activity of PARP inhibitor combination therapy.
Oral Insulin Delivery in a Physiologic Context: Review
Authors: Arbit Ehud , Kidron Miriam
Published: February 2017

Insulin remains indispensable to the treatment of diabetes, but its availability in injectable form only has hampered its timely and broader use. The development of an oral insulin remains an ultimate goal to both enhance ease of use, and to provide therapeutic advantages rooted in its direct delivery to the portal vein and liver. By mimicking the physiological path taken by pancreatic insulin, oral insulin is expected to have a distinct effect on the hepatic aspect of carbohydrate metabolism, hepatic insulin resistance, and, at the same time, avoid hyperinsulinemia and minimize the risk of hypoglycemia. With oral insulin approaching late stages of development, the goal of this review is to examine oral insulin in a physiological context and report on recent progress in its development.
Invasive tracheal neoplasia in eight cats: descriptive cases and review of the current literature
Authors: Howard James , Fisher Jade , Tolbert M Katherine
Published: February 2017

Case series summary

This case series describes eight cases of invasive tracheal neoplasia that were recognized between the years 1989 and 2014 from a single tertiary referral hospital. This is a disproportionately high number of cases compared with the total number of reports in the current literature.

Relevance and novel information

Invasive tracheal neoplasia is uncommonly diagnosed in domestic cats. Feline tracheal tumors mimic other upper respiratory diseases making diagnosis challenging. Prognosis is guarded to grave, with most cats surviving less than 1 month after beginning treatment. Severe respiratory distress in cats often warrants humane euthanasia. Appropriate clinical suspicion and awareness can expedite diagnoses leading to prolonged survival rates with appropriate treatments. This case series represents the largest number of feline tracheal tumors reported and also describes the first unique histological presentation of what the authors believe to be a poorly differentiated tracheal carcinoma.
Building Oral Health Research Capacity in India: Identifying Barriers and Enablers Using Mixed Methods
Authors: Masood M. , Newton T. , Kharbanda O.P. , Masood Y. , Feine J. , Gussy M. , Lahti S.
Published: February 2017

Knowledge Transfer Statement: This article will provide a brief overview of the methods in finding barriers and enablers in doing oral health research in India. This mixed-methods approach can be used by researchers in finding barriers and enablers in doing oral health research in other developing countries and building oral health research capacities.
Maryknoll China Symposium: Celebrating the Pastoral Renewal and Development of the Catholic Church in China
Authors: Carroll Janet
Published: February 2017

An account of an academic symposium held at Maryknoll, NY, on the occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the China Educators and Formators Project, sponsored by Maryknoll Society. This project brings to the United States young leaders of the Catholic Church in China, chiefly women religious and priests, for graduate studies in US colleges and universities. Selected by their local bishops and superiors, they are to equip themselves with requisite skills and capacities that, upon their return to China, resource the life of dioceses, parishes, communities, and ecclesial programs for the flourishing of the faith of the people and upbuilding of the church.
Neuroplastic changes in patients with schizophrenia undergoing cognitive remediation: Triple-blind trial
Authors: Ramsay Ian S. , Nienow Tasha M. , Marggraf Matthew P. , MacDonald Angus W.
Published: February 2017

Background

Patients with schizophrenia have shown cognitive improvements following cognitive remediation, but the neuroplastic changes that support these processes are not fully understood.

Aims

To use a triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial to examine neural activation before and after cognitive remediation or a computer skills training (CST) placebo (trial registration: NCT00995553)).

Method

Twenty-seven participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after being randomised to either cognitive remediation intervention or CST. Participants completed two variants of the N-back task during scanning and were assessed on measures of cognition, functional capacity, community functioning and symptoms.

Results

We observed a group × time interaction in the left prefrontal cortex, wherein the cognitive remediation group showed increased activation. These changes correlated with improved task accuracy within the cognitive remediation group, whereas there was no relationship between changes in activation in untrained cognitive measures. Significant changes were not observed in other hypothesised areas for the cognitive remediation group.

Conclusions

We replicated the finding that cognitive remediation increases left lateral prefrontal activation during a working memory task in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting this may be an important neural target for these types of interventions.
Psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in young survivors of mass violence in low- and middle-income countries: Meta-analysis
Authors: Morina Nexhmedin , Malek Mina , Nickerson Angela , Bryant Richard A.
Published: February 2017

Background

The majority of survivors of mass violence live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Aims

To synthesise empirical findings for psychological interventions for children and adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or depression in LMICs affected by mass violence.

Method

Randomised controlled trials with children and adolescents with symptoms of PTSD and/or depression in LMICs were identified. Overall, 21812 records were found through July 2016 in the Medline, PsycINFO and PILOTS databases; 21 met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed according to recommended guidelines.

Results

Twenty-one studies were included. Active treatments for PTSD yielded large pre-treatment to post-treatment changes (g= 1.15) and a medium controlled effect size (g= 0.57). Effect sizes were similar at follow-up. Active treatments for depression produced small to medium effect sizes. Finally, after adjustment for publication bias, the imputed uncontrolled and controlled effect sizes for PTSD were medium and small respectively.

Conclusions

Psychological interventions may be effective in treating paediatric PTSD in LMICs. It appears that more targeted approaches are needed for depressive responses.
A feasibility randomised controlled trial of the DECIDE intervention: Dementia carers making informed decisions
Authors: Lord Kathryn , Livingston Gill , Cooper Claudia
Published: February 2017

Family carers report high levels of decisional conflict when deciding whether their relative with dementia can continue to be cared for in their own home. We tested, in a feasibility randomised controlled trial, the first decision aid (the DECIDE manual) aiming to reduce such conflict. Twenty family carers received the DECIDE intervention, and 21 received usual treatment. The intervention group had reduced decisional conflict compared with controls (mean difference −11.96, 95% confidence interval −20.10 to −3.83, P=0.005). All carers receiving the intervention completed and valued it, despite some still reporting difficulties with family conflict and problems negotiating services.
Struktur komunitas mangrove di Pulau Mare, Kota Tidore Kepulauan, Provinsi Maluku Utara (Community structure of mangrove in Mare Island, Tidore City, Maluka Utara Province
Authors: Akbar Nebuchadnezzar , Baksir Abdurrachman , Tahir Irmalita , Arafat Dondy
Published: February 2017

This study aimed to obtain information mangrove ecological index in Mare Island, Tidore Kepulauan, North Maluku. Collecting data in 2015, divided into three locations were determined based representation and the representation of mangrove. The sampling of mangrove using "line transect quadrant". The results obtained by mangrove thickness between 85-150 meters with 5 types of 3 families mangrove. Rhizophora mangrove species are found most dominating every station. Mangrove ecological index categories density, frequency, cover and species diversity is highest at the station I. While important value criteria at each station are 300. Analysis of vegetation mangrove species at each station obtained density, frequency, species diversity and the importance of the highest species is Rhizophora apicullata, then cover the highest species is Sonneratia alba. Overall results of observation and analysis, illustrating that the condition of mangroves on the island of Mare in the category of low/sparse.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi indeks ekologi mangrove di Pulau Mare, Tidore Kepulauan, Maluku Utara. Pengambilan data pada tahun 2015 yang terbagi atas tiga lokasi yang ditetapkan berdasarkan keterwakilan dan reprsentasi mangrove. Pengambilan contoh mangrove, di lakukan dengan menggunakan metode “line transect quadrant”. Hasil penelitian diperoleh ketebalan mangrove diantara 85-150 meter  dengan 5 jenis dari 3 famili mangrove. Jenis mangrove Rhizophora ditemukan paling mendominasi disetiap stasiun. Indeks ekologi mangrove kategori kerapatan, frekuensi, tutupan dan keanekaragaman jenis paling tinggi terdapat di stasiun satu. Sedangkan kriteria nilai penting pada setiap stasiun adalah 300. Analisis vegetasi jenis mangrove pada setiap stasiun diperoleh kerapatan, frekuensi, keanekaragaman jenis dan nilai penting jenis tertinggi adalah Rhizophora apicullata, kemudian tutupan jenis tertinggi adalah Sonneratia alba. Keseluruhan hasil pengamatan dan analisis, menggambarkan bahwa kondisi mangrove di pulau Mare masuk dalam kategori rendah.
AVALIAÇÃO SENSORIAL DE AMOSTRAS COMERCIAIS DE LEITE CONDENSADO
Authors: Gaspardi Ana Laís Andrade , Michelli Jéssika , Pontes Clara Gonçalves de , Oliveira Lara De Andrade , Brandão Natali Alcântara , Borges de Lima Dutra Mariana
Published: February 2017

O Brasil se destaca pela grande produção e consumo de leite condensado. As indústrias nacionais possuem alta tecnologia de fabricação, oferecendo produtos com alto valor agregado e possibilitando ao consumidor diversas opções de marcas, preços e qualidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se existe diferença sensorial (ao nível de 5% de significância) quanto à aceitação de 6 amostras de leite condensado comerciais. As amostras foram avaliadas por 120 consumidores, recrutados voluntariamente, pelo teste de aceitação. Os resultados da ANOVA mostraram que as amostras C, D, E e F apresentaram aceitação significativamente superior (p ≤ 0,05) às demais na escala hedônica, enquanto a amostra A obteve menor aceitação em relação a todos os atributos relacionados na escala hedônica. O teste de intenção de compra demonstrou que as amostras C e F obtiveram as maiores frequências de intenção de compra positiva. O Mapa de Preferência Interno confirmou os resultados da ANOVA e do teste de intenção de compra indicando uma maior preferência dos provadores pelas amostras C e F. As amostras adquiridas foram fabricadas com os mesmos ingredientes, no entanto, pressupõe-se que as diferenças sensoriais ocorreram devido a qualidade das matérias-primas utilizadas e devido aos diversos processos de elaboração do produto de cada empresa. Este fato prova que é necessário controlar a qualidade da matéria-prima e o tipo de processo utilizado para a obtenção do produto, pois estes parâmetros podem influenciar a aceitação sensorial dos consumidores. A qualidade e a padronização do produto final é um fator primordial para manter a produtividade e a competitividade de mercado.
Evaluation of Hypoplastic Clay Model for Deep Excavation Modelling
Authors: Mitew-Czajewska M.
Published: February 2017

This paper presents an evaluation of the Hypoplastic Clay constitutive model for finite element analysis of deep excavations and displacements induced by excavations in the influence zone. A detailed description and formulation of the Hypoplastic Clay soil model is included. A parametric case study of a deep excavation executed in Pliocene clays is presented. FE analysis was performed using several soil models (Mohr-Coulomb, Modified Mohr-Coulomb, Drucker-Prager, Modified Cam-Clay, Hypoplastic Clay) and the results were compared to in-situ displacements measurements taken during construction. Final conclusions concerning the suitability of the Hypoplastic Clay model for deep excavation modelling in terms of accurate determination of horizontal displacements of the excavation wall, the uplift of the bottom of excavation, and, most importantly, vertical displacements of the terrain in the vicinity of the excavation are presented.
The Market Value of R&D in Emerging Economies: Evidence from India
Authors: Kanwar Sunil , Hall Bronwyn H.
Published: February 2017

We revisit the relationship between market value and innovation in the context of manufacturing firms in a developing country, using data for Indian firms from 2001 through 2010. Surprisingly, we find that financial markets value the R&D investment of Indian firms the same or higher than it values such investment in developed economies such as the United States and European countries, suggesting some degree of underinvestment. The paper explores the use of a proxy for the option value of R&D and finds that this can account for a very small part of the R&D valuation (about 10 %). We also find that the market value–R&D relationship does not vary significantly across industry groups, although these results are rather imprecise.
Variant peptide detection utilizing mass spectrometry: laying the foundations for proteogenomic identification and validation
Authors: Dimitrakopoulos Lampros , Prassas Ioannis , Berns Els M.J.J. , Foekens John A. , Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Charames George S.
Published: February 2017

Background:

Proteogenomics is an emerging field at the intersection of genomics and proteomics. Many variant peptides corresponding to single nucleotide variations (SNVs) are associated with specific diseases. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of proteogenomic-based variant peptide detection in disease models and clinical specimens.

Methods:

We sought to detect p53 single amino acid variant (SAAV) peptides in breast cancer tumor samples that have been previously subjected to sequencing analysis. Initially, two cancer cell lines having a cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) mutation and one wild type for TP53 were analyzed by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assays as controls. One pool of wild type and one pool of mutated for TP53 cytosolic extracts were assayed with a shotgun proteogenomic workflow. Furthermore, 18 individual samples having a mutation in TP53 were assayed by SRM.

Results:

Two mutant p53 peptides were successfully detected in two cancer cell lines as expected from their DNA sequence. Wild type p53 peptides were detected in both cytosolic pools, however, none of the mutant p53 peptides were identified. Mutations at the protein level were detected in two cytosolic extracts and whole tumor lysates from the same patients by SRM analysis. Six thousand and six hundred and twenty eight non-redundant proteins were identified in the two cytosolic pools, thus greatly improving a previously reported cytosolic proteome.

Conclusions:

In the current study we show the great potential of using proteogenomics for the direct identification of cancer-associated mutations in clinical samples and we discuss current limitations and future perspectives.
Game Performance and Length of Rally in Professional Padel Players
Authors: Courel-Ibáñez Javier , Sánchez-Alcaraz Martínez Bernardino Javier , Cañas Jerónimo
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyse differences in rally length considering attack effectiveness, a players’ location and a game outcome in professional padel players. A total of 1527 rallies from 10 male matches of the 2013 Masters Finals of the World Padel Tour were registered through systematic observation. Data treatment included non-parametric mean comparisons (Mann-Withney and Kruskal-Wallis tests), and association analyses (crosstabs and Chi square analysis). In overall, 40% of unforced errors were made within the first 4 s of the rally, over 50% of points were scored between the 5th and 11th s, and 30% of forced errors occurred after the 11th –s of the rally. Hence, the ability to score in rallies of over 11 s duration and not making unforced errors within the first 4 s contributed to the rally outcome. More specifically, winners played longer rallies compared to losers (10.42 ± 7.77 s vs. 8.42 ± 6.43 s); particularly at the net, when scoring from the baseline (11.04 ± 7.64 s vs. 8.90 ± 5.41 s) and making forced (8.86 ± 7.44 s vs. 6.86 ± 6.24 s) and unforced errors (11.91 ± 9.47 s vs. 8.33 ± 6.92 s). Such knowledge may have implications in the design and structure of specific training programmes for padel players according to competition requirements.
Anger Management - Evaluation of a Cognitive-Behavioral Training Program for Table Tennis Players
Authors: Steffgen Georges
Published: February 2017

Based on a systematic review of the literature on anger and anger management in sport, there is evidence that anger might be dysfunctional, especially in sports requiring selective attention and fine-tuned motor skills. The research literature suggests that cognitive-behavioral intervention programs can be fruitful in helping athletes to understand and control dysfunctional anger. Therefore, the main goal of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief training program for table tennis players in cognitive-behavioral anger management that aimed at changing their noneffective anger reactions. The sample comprised 18 young competitive table tennis players (age range from 16 to 22 years) divided randomly into a treatment (n = 10) and a control group (n = 8). A trained group leader instructed the treatment group. Six sessions were held over a period of two months. Cognitive-relaxation coping skills associated with social skills of subjects from the treatment group were compared to no-treatment controls. Psychological measurements (i.e., self-reports on anger) were applied before, during and after treatment as well as in a follow-up session. The one-year follow-up session revealed that, in contrast to the control group, the treatment group showed a significant reduction in outwardly negative anger expression as well as anger reactions specific to table tennis. Despite limitations inherent in the research design, the training program was deemed effective.
The Relationship Between Stress and Coping in Table Tennis
Authors: Kurimay Dora , Pope-Rhodius Alison , Kondric Miran
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between cognitive competitive anxiety intensity and coping strategies in table tennis players. One hundred and two (102) US competitive table tennis players of age range from 10 to 60 filled out a Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2R, Cox et al., 2003) at least 30 minutes before the start of their tournament match and a Modified Cope questionnaire (MCOPE; Crocker and Graham, 1995) 15 minutes after they finished their match. Our study found significant differences between low and high cognitive competitive anxiety groups with regard to the use of coping strategies. The high cognitive competitive anxiety intensity group used significantly more behavioral disengagement (avoidance coping, p ≤ 0.05), denial coping strategies (emotion focused coping, p ≤ 0.01) compared to the low cognitive anxiety intensity group. Our results suggest that there is some connection between anxiety intensity and coping strategies. If the cognitive anxiety intensity (for example, intensity from worrying) is very high, an athlete might be more likely to use avoidance coping (such as behavioral disengagement) and emotion-focused coping (such as denial and venting of emotions) compared to athletes who have low cognitive competitive anxiety. Furthermore, gender differences in cognitive anxiety and direction were found. Confidence management techniques such as positive self-talk, breathing techniques and visualization should be taught to athletes to assist them in coping with their competitive anxiety better and to enhance their performance.
A Comparison of Serve Speed and Motor Coordination between Elite and Club Level Tennis Players
Authors: Söğüt Mustafa
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare the serve speed and motor coordination of elite and club level junior tennis players aged 11-14 years. Participants (n=35) were assigned to one of the two groups according to their experience, weekly training volume and competition level. Serve speed was assessed with a sports radar gun. Motor coordination was evaluated by means of the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder. The main results revealed that serve speed and motor coordination performance levels of the elite group were significantly higher than those of the club group. This study emphasized the importance of early participation and training intensity, which can play an important role in enhancement of serve speed and motor coordination.
Teachers’ experiences with immigrant children in Czech elementary schools
Authors: Leix Alicja , Záleská Klára
Published: February 2017

The paper deals with Czech teachers’ experiences of teaching immigrant children in Czech schools at the primary and lower secondary level. Upon introducing the theoretical context the paper presents the results of empirical research based on semi-structured interviews with teachers. The survey demonstrates teachers’ attitudes to the current state of integration of immigrant children and the extent to which they are prepared for teaching this group of children. Teachers have a wide variety of opinion on different measures for improving the education of immigrants. Their attitudes towards immigrant children are largely influenced by the amount of previous experience with teaching immigrant children. An individualized teacher approach to immigrants plays an essential role in the successful integration of immigrant children in schools, as do the quality of interaction with immigrant parents, the similarity of the immigrant family culture to Czech culture and the range of measures designed to improve integration.
Quality Improvement of Canned Fish with the Use of Cinnamon Oil Extract
Authors: Shulgin Yuriy Pavlovich , Lazhentseva Lubov Yurievna , Shulgina Lidiya Vasilievna , Kalenik Tatyana Kusminichna , Matveeva Victoriya Aleksandrovna , Piekoszewski Wojciech
Published: February 2017

The content of histamine in canned fish increases during storage, because the activity of enzymes involved the enzymatic decarboxylation of free histidine is restored with time after their thermal denaturation. In order to reduce the activity of decarboxylases and the rate of histamine formation in canned fish, we propose to use cinnamon oil extract, which contains a set of fat-soluble substances with a distinct antimicrobial and enzymatic inhibition activity. Cinnamon oil extract was obtained by extraction of powdered cinnamon bark with soybean oil for 48 h followed by separation of liquid part and dense precipitate. Cinnamon oil extract was added to the canned fish instead of vegetable oil in amount of 15 % of the net weight. The histamine was determined in the canned fish immediately after canning and repeatedly storage. The analysis showed that the histamine content in the fish canned with cinnamon oil extract did not exceed 35 mg/kg after two years of storage. The control samples of the fish canned with soybean oil were characterized by accumulation of histamine up to 50 mg/kg and above. Cinnamon oil extract is recommended for use in the process of fish canning to reduce the intensity of histamine formation and to ensure safety of the product during storage.
Models for Predicting Development Effort of Small-Scale Visualization Projects
Authors: Jayaram M.A. , Kiran Kumar T.M. , Raghavendra H.V.
Published: February 2017

Software project effort estimation is one of the important aspects of software engineering. Researchers in this area are still striving hard to come out with the best predictive model that has befallen as a greatest challenge. In this work, the effort estimation for small-scale visualization projects all rendered on engineering, general science, and other allied areas developed by 60 postgraduate students in a supervised academic setting is modeled by three approaches, namely, linear regression, quadratic regression, and neural network. Seven unique parameters, namely, number of lines of code (LOC), new and change code (N&C), reuse code (R), cumulative grade point average (CGPA), cyclomatic complexity (CC), algorithmic complexity (AC), and function points (FP), which are considered to be influential in software development effort, are elicited along with actual effort. The three models are compared with respect to their prediction accuracy via the magnitude of error relative to the estimate (MER) for each project and also its mean MER (MMER) in all the projects in both the verification and validation phases. Evaluations of the models have shown MMER of 0.002, 0.006, and 0.009 during verification and 0.006, 0.002, and 0.002 during validation for the multiple linear regression, nonlinear regression, and neural network models, respectively. Thus, the marginal differences in the error estimates have indicated that the three models can be alternatively used for effort computation specific to visualization projects. Results have also suggested that parameters such as LOC, N&C, R, CC, and AC have a direct influence on effort prediction, whereas CGPA has an inverse relationship. FP seems to be neutral as far as visualization projects are concerned.
Acercamiento a Filosofía en los días críticos: Lectura de Maillard desde el “adentro” hacia el “fuera”
Authors: Márquez Díaz Yeimi Yadira
Published: February 2017

Chantal Maillard es académica y escritora nacida en 1951 en Bruselas, de nacionalidad española. Doctora en Filosofía, destacaentre sus intereses la cultura oriental, a la que ha dedicado sus estudios y gran cantidad de investigaciones enfocadas a la estética. Sus publicaciones al respecto datan de 1990, de las que se podrían mencionar algunas como Aproximación a la estética india (1993),La sabiduría como estética. China: confucianismo, budismo y taoísmo (1995), La razón estética (1998)o Diario de Benarés (2001). En el terreno literario cuenta con publicaciones poéticas que le han valido distinciones tales como el Premio Ricardo Molina (1990) conHainuwele, el Premio Santa Cruz de la Palma (1993) con Poemas a mi muerte o el Premio Nacional de Poesía, otorgado en España en 2004 por su poemario Matar a Platón.Así mismo, ha publicado diarios y ensayos en los que sus impresiones respecto a los temas antes mencionados se agudizan y complementan, ejemplo de ello es Filosofía en los días críticos, libro que se presenta a continuación.
Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials and their Precursors
Authors: Gaumet Jean-Jacques , Strouse Geoffrey
Published: February 2017

We report in this paper how electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS) and nanospray mass spectrometry (NMS) are promising for analyzing precursors and nano-scale semiconductor (IIVI) materials up to 1.5 nm and mixed valence clusters (Co/Cd). We show that both ion modes in ESMS and NMS provide insight concerning the structure analysis, the composition and the stability of these materials.