bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Optimized Tool-Path Planning of Computer Controlled Optical Surfacing
Authors: Pan Ri , Yang Wei , Guo Yin Biao , Yang Feng , Zhang Dong Xu
Published: December 2011

Computer controlled optical surfacing (CCOS) is widely used in aspheric optical lenses fabrication because of their high convergence rate on surface based on deterministic removal processes since 1963. As an important part of CCOS techniques, reasonable tool-path would increase the polishing speed, decrease the processing time and then improve the efficiency of polishing. Optimized policy combined with improved Prim algorithm is presented in this paper based on the study of the characteristic of aspheric polishing and the tool-paths in common use. The simulated results show that the length of tool-path is reduced so as to decrease the processing time and increase the working efficiency.
Phase Field Modeling for Grain Growth of Static Recrystallization of Deformed Alloys
Authors: Gao Ying Jun , Luo Zhi Rong
Published: December 2011

A multi-state free energy function for deformation alloy with storage energy is proposed to simulate the microstructure evolution of static recrystallization with phase field model. The grain growth and grain size distribution during recrystallization are discussed. The simulation results are in good agreement with other theoretical or experimental results.
Numerical Simulation of Multi-Track Laser Cladding Process
Authors: Kang Jin Wu , Huang Tian You , Zhang An Feng , Li Di Chen
Published: December 2011

Multi-track laser cladding is necessary in the forming of parts. The overlap between neighbor tracks plays an important role, which determines the quality and surface smoothness of the clad layer. In this paper, numerical simulation of the multi-track laser cladding process is studied. The heat source of laser spot is applied by updating the profile of clad region and the location of the moving laser spot. The clad profile of overlapped track was obtained, from which the surface roughness was analyzed by the variation of overlap ratio. Meanwhile, experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of overlap ratio. The simulated and the experimental results are in good agreement; both show that there is an optimal overlap ratio to achieve best surface roughness.
Formalizing Manufacturing Process Modeling Using Composition Trees
Authors: Wen Lian , Tuffley David
Published: December 2011

Optimizing manufacturing process modeling is critical to improving the efficiency and quality of manufacturing. However, manufacturing processes in general can be very complicated. A manufacturing process may involve (a) transforming a material into a new form, (b) combining different materials to form a new object, and (c) retrieving a certain part from a material as a new entity. All those activities could be confusing because many intermediate objects that exist only for a short period during the manufacturing process may have no formal names. To solve this problem, this paper proposes that composition trees (CT) can be successfully used to model manufacturing processes. Composition trees are parts of the formal notation in behavior engineering (BE), which is an innovative approach to the development of large software systems. For a composition tree, its characteristics of being intuitive, expressive and formal give it many advantages over other formal and informal modeling languages in software engineering. This paper uses a cooking case study to demonstrate how to use a composition tree model manufacturing processes. It is argued that the method could be applied to process engineering to good effect.
Phase-Field Simulation of Directional Solidification Microstructure Evolution in a Binary Alloy
Authors: Tang Jin Jun , Jiang Jian Zhong , Tang Chun Hua , Chen Da Hui , Zhu Xiu Rong , Wang Rong , Gong Zhao Hui
Published: December 2011

In order to obtain the directional microstructure of different supersaturation and growing velocity, three simulations is calculated with different initial temperature. When the initial temperature is 1576K, and the supersaturation and growing velocity are smaller. The average space length of columnar crystals is bigger, and the directional microstructure grows by the wide columnar crystals. Microsegregation is smaller; when the initial temperature is 1574K, the supersaturation and growing velocity increase. when the initial temperature falls to 1566K, the planar interface comes back, and microsegregation decreases rapidly. The directional microstructure grows by the thinnest columnar crystals. At the same time, the transverse solute profiles and solute boundary layer are also talked in this paper.
Repeated Impact Resistance of Cr-Mo Surface Alloying Layers on Ti6Al4V Alloy
Authors: Qin Lin , Yang Kun Kun , Wang Shuai , Tang Bin
Published: December 2011

Cr-Mo surface alloying modified layers on Ti6Al4V alloy were prepared using double glow discharge plasma alloying technique. The surface hardness and the resistance ability of repeated impact of the layers were measured using Knoop hardness test and repeated impact test respectively. The results show that the surface hardness of the modified samples was significantly improved due to the deposited layer containing Cr1.93Ti1.07, Cr2Ti, FeCrMo, and Cr2Ti4O11 compounds. However, it was found that heavy peeling occurred on the Cr-Mo alloying modified layers after repeated impact test due to these brittle phases formed in plasma alloying process. Brittle phases appeared in the surface modified layer, such as intermetallic compounds, contribute to hardness enhancement and wear properties, but may be detrimental to impact resistance.
Study of Corrosion Behaviour of Molybdenum Series Coatings on Galvanized Steel
Authors: Zhang Hui Min , Wu Lin , Ouyang Zhao Hui , Yi De Lian , Hua Qiao , Tao Mao Sheng , Qin Yue , Li Dan
Published: December 2011

In this paper, an organic/inorganic molybdenum series Cr-free coating was formed on galvanized steel by simple immersion and its corrosion behavior was compared to that of a typical chromate coating. Molybdate and 1-Hydroxy-ethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) were used as corrosion inhibitor, as well as acrylic resin and silane were used as film-former and coupling agents, respectively. The corrosion behavior of the coatings was evaluated by Neutral salt spray (NSS), Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel polarization. The surface topography of the samples was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the corroded area of the Mo-HEDP treatment was only corroded 2% after 72 h spraying, while the corrosion behaviour of Mo-HEDP was closed to that of Cr pretreatment due to the synergistic reaction of molybdate and HEDP. Compared with the film of Cr treatment, Mo-HEDP passivating coating was more environmentally friendly.
Study on W-Mo-Dy Multi-Elements Diffusion Layer
Authors: Zhang Wei , Gao Yuan , Yuan Lin , Wang Cheng Lei
Published: December 2011

W-Mo-Dy and W-Mo permeation were carried out on the 20 steel by plasma surface metallurgy technology. The microstructure, cross-section morphology ，distribution of alloy element and phase structure of diffusion layer were tested and observed. The results showed that: thickness of alloy layer was 128μm, 108μm, there is a dividing line between the diffusion layer and the substrate, indicating that the permeation process follow with reaction-diffusion phenomena; Compared with W-Mo diffusion layer，the grain size of W-Mo-Dy diffusion layer were fine grain；The basic phase composition of W-Mo-Dy diffusion layer were solid solution of (W, Mo, Dy) in Fe, Dy2O3and a small quantity of Dy Fe10Mo2; The basic phase composition of W-Mo diffusion layer was solid solution of (W, Mo) in Fe.The surface alloy contents of W-Mo-Dy diffusion layer were 4.81%, 9.99%, 4.4% (wt%), which of W-Mo diffusion layer were 3.04%, 7.68% (wt%);Heavy rare earth （Dy）has a significant penetration and improved the organizations of diffusion layer.
Formation Mechanism of Alumina Nanostrip
Authors: Hwang Shen Jenn , Tsai Chi Tsung , Liu Wei Long
Published: December 2011

Alumina nanostrips were prepared on aluminum plate surface by anodizing in oxalic acid and etching in phosphonic acid sequentially. The alumina nanostrips were characterzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopes for the morphologies structuzes,and crystal structures, by an energy dispersive x-ray spectroscope for the chemical composition, and by a photoluminescence measurement system for the photoluminescence. The results show that the alumina nanostrips are amorphous, have a chemical composition of Al2O3-x , and can emit a blue light about 440nm in photoluminescence.
Critical Life Prediction of Ship-Borne Helicopter Metallic Dynamic Components Based on Corrosion Damage
Authors: Gao Yong , Liu Wen Lin , Han Wei , Liu Xiang Yi , Yu Da Zhao
Published: December 2011

In an effort to improve the reliability and reduce the operating costs of helicopter structure, an increasing emphasis is being placed on the damage tolerant approach for life management of helicopter structure. Corrosion damage of helicopter dynamic components and life reliability prediction approach has been systematically analyzed. Based on the conclusion of fatigue life under normal environment, the model for life reliability analysis of helicopter dynamic components has been established. A hybrid approach based on a mixture of the traditional safe-life and damage tolerance techniques can be used as an optimal strategy for ensuring helicopter structural integrity; the life of a helicopter main rotor blade under corrosion environment has been obtained according to flaw-tolerance method. According to probabilistic fracture mechanics theory, the analytical model of structures with initial corner cracks has been established. Thus the service life and inspection intervals according to the request of reliability can be determined; it is very valuable in engineering for life prediction and monitoring of helicopter dynamic components under corrosion environment.
Study on Safety Assessment Methods of the Penstock of the High Head Hydropower Station Using the China Standard GB/T 19624-2004
Authors: Zhu Xiao Gang , Lei Bin Long
Published: December 2011

Based on the finite element analysis, the general mechanical property tests and the CTOD (crack tip opening displacement) test of the penstock in the third deviated hole, the GB/T19624-2004, that is the criterion of safety assessment for in-service pressure vessels containing defects suggested by China, is applied to assess the five weld defects in the penstock, which experienced the failure of the pressure test. The assessment results indicate that 1# defect and 5# defect could be accepted, while the other defects should be repaired. According to the assessment results, the defects over criterion in the penstock must be repaired. After the penstock was repaired, it was checked by the ultrasonic flaw detection again. And the results indicate that all weld joints including circumferential and longitudinal weld joints in the penstock around the pipe close in the third deviated hole are acceptable, what provides a scientific basis for the second pressure test and the safe operation of the High head hydropower station.
Influences of Microstructure and Texture on Toughness of Acicular Ferrite Pipeline Steel
Authors: Zhou Mai Wen , Yu Hao
Published: December 2011

Two X70 pipeline steel plates with different finishing cooling temperature showed different DWTT indexes. In order to investigate the influences of microstructure and texture on toughness EBSD and X-ray were employed. Plates with lower toughness had higher low angle boundary proportion than the other, which is different from the previous research. Then the macro textures of the two plates were obtained by the X-ray diffractometer. It was shown that the ‹110›//ND were dominant in both of the two plates. The effects of several components on the toughness were analyzed. This work shows that the {112}‹110› component is the favorable texture benefiting the toughness. ‹111›//ND has direct influence on the yield stress and toughness.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Polymer PAFC–CPAM
Authors: Wang Guang Hua , Liu Wen Min , Li Wen Bing , Li Jing , Wang Xiao Shuang , Liu Qi , Yang Shu Qin , Chen Kun , Li Lei
Published: December 2011

The inorganic-organic hybrid polymer PAFC–CPAM with 100∶1 (w/w) and basicity 1.5 was synthesized and the comparison with AlCl3 and CPAM for flocculation effect in coking wastewater regeneration treatment was also performed. The hybrid polymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the optimum value of CODCr removal rate for PAFC–CPAM was 52.17%, higher than that of AlCl3 and CPAM with 50% and 40.91%, respectively, meanwhile settling time and sludge volume were improved. Characterizations suggested that PAFC was grafted onto CPAM chains through coordinate bonds due to hydroxyl crosslinking.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Oleic Acid Embedded Layered Magnesium Borate
Authors: Chen Ai Min , Gu Pei , Xu Shu Fen , Ni Zhe Ming
Published: December 2011

The organic-inorganic composite of oleic acid embedded layered magnesium borate was synthesized by low temperature hydrothermal method with magnesium chloride (MgCl2•6H2O), borax (Na2B4O7•10H2O) as reactants, oleic acid as the embedded agent. The structure and morphologies of the synthesized samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. The results suggest that the structure of oleic acid embedded magnesium borate is layered-by-layered, and the interlayer spacing was about 6 nm. And the sizes of the lamellar magnesium borate are in the range of 100 nm to 200 nm. The average pore diameter of the prepared product is 22.4 nm. The BET surface area and pore volume are 50.31 m2/g and 0.275 m3/g, respectively. The molecular structure model of oleic acid embedded layered magnesium borate is established.
Study on the Reinforcement of Aluminum Alloy A356 Using SiC Particles by Mechanical Stirring
Authors: Gao Hong Xia , Zhang Yu Hui , Liu Jian Xiu , Yang Gai Yun
Published: December 2011

This paper is to research the manufacturing process of A356 alloy matrix composites reinforced by SiC particles by mechanical stirring and how the size of particles ,volume fraction affect mechanical property has been studied , too. The text results revealed that larger particles especially particle size larger than 30um were suitable using this technique, meanwhile, it will hard to adding particles into the alloy when particle lower than 20um size. The effects of SiC particle addition on the hardness properties of A356 alloy and with higher volume fraction particles lead to greater hardness.
Research of Aluminum Sheet Encapsulated by Organic Silane Acrylate Resin and Tetraethyl Orthosilicate
Authors: Gao Ai Huan , Pi Pi Hui , Cheng Jiang , Yang Zhuo Ru
Published: December 2011

Aluminum sheet was encapsulated by inorganic-organic hybrid film through a base catalyzed sol-gel method using organic acrylate silane resin PMBV and TEOS as precursors. FTIR and AFM characterizations prove that PMBV and TEOS have hydrolyzed and co-condensed with each other in the sol-gel process to form an uniform film on the surface of aluminum sheet. XPS result shows hydroxyl groups on aluminum surface have taken part in the co-condensation reaction.
Preparation and Properties of Polyvinylpyrrolidone / Zinc Oxide Composite Nanofibers
Authors: Xu Guo Qiang , Sun Li Guo , Wang Shu Hong , Xie Yang , Wang Cheng , Yan Peng Fei , Zhang Jian , Fu Kuo
Published: December 2011

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were firstly synthesized by the hydration of alkoxide. The as-synthesized ZnO were dispersed in the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution. PVP/ZnO composite nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning the PVP/ZnO mixed solution. The morphology of ZnO nanoparticles and as-spun nanofibers was measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The as-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were homogeneous and stable, and their size ranged from 30 to 40 nm. The composite nanofibers showed a uniform and continuous morphology. With the increase of the ZnO content in the composite nanofibers, the diameter distribution of the composite nanofibers became wider. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images clearly showed that ZnO nanoparticles were distributed uniformly in the PVP/ZnO composite nanofibers without any aggregation, although the ZnO content reached as highly as 6 wt. %. The structures and properties of the composite nanofibers were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Combined Stead State Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Lifetime Spectrometer (FLSP).
Study on Microstructure of Vanadium and Chromium-Carbide Reinforced Fe Matrix Surface Composite
Authors: Wang Jing , Fu Si Jing , Ding Yi Chao , Wang Yi San
Published: December 2011

Vanadium and chromium-carbide particulates reinforced iron matrix surface composite was produced by cast technique and in-situ synthesis technique. The microstructure of the surface composite was studied by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The results show that the production of an iron matrix surface composite reinforced by vanadium and chromium-carbide particulates using the process is feasible. Spherical VC particles and strip-chunky Cr7C3 are generated in the surface composite. An excellent metallurgy-bond is observed between the surface composite and the mater-steel.
Fabrication, Optical Properties and SERS Spectra of Silver Semishells Arrays
Authors: Fan Yun , Man Shi Qing
Published: December 2011

Silver (Ag) semishells arrays were fabricated with a seed-mediated growth method by depositing silver films on top of self-assembly close-packed monolayer of SiO2nanoparticles. The surface morphologies and optical properties were characterized using TEM, SEM and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activities of these nanostructures were investigated using methylene blue (MB) as probe molecule. The enhancement factor was estimated to be as large as 2.05×1010. The results revealed that these Silver nanostructures are good SERS-active substrates.
Study of Oxidation Behavior of Zn Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Min
Published: December 2011

Abstract. Zn nanoparticles prepared by the arc was used in the present study. The microsturcture, oxygen content and oxygen atom position in Zn nanoparticles were investigated. Furthermore, the variation of oxygen content with time in the Zn nanoparticles was also studied. The results showed that the effective size of oxidized Zn nanoparticles was about 100nm, and oxidation process was conducted on the surface. On the other hand, the oxygen content in oxidized Zn nanoparticles reduced by comparing with that laying in the air for the same time.
Study on the Preparation and Properties of Copper Nanoparticles and their Nanofluids
Authors: Li Yang , Xie Hua Qing , Wang Ji Feng , Yu Wei
Published: December 2011

Nanoscale copper particles were synthesized by chemical reduction with polyvinyl pyrrolidone as dispersant, ascorbic acid as reduction agent, copper sulfate pentahydrate and ammonia as reagent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that as-prepared copper nanoparticle was well crystallized without other impurities. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) displayed that nanoscale coppers had homogenous distribution and the particle size was about 30~50 nm. Uniform and stable Cu-nanofluids were prepared by general stirring, high speed shear stirring and ultrasonic, with water/ethylene glycol as base fluid and as-synthesized copper nanoparticles as additives. The thermal conductivity of Cu-nanofluid was measured by a short-hot wire method. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of Cu-nanofluid was increased 8~9% compared to base fluid and the temperature had little effect on the enhancement of the thermal conductivity.
Morphological and Magnetic Characteristics of Strontium Ferrite Micro- and Nanofibers
Authors: Lu Yi , Yang Xin Chun , Zhu Jin Lian , Song Fu Zhan , Shen Xiang Qian
Published: December 2011

Strontium ferrite micro- and nanofibers have been prepared by the sol-gel process and the electrospinning with diameters about 1 μm and 100 nm, respectively. Single phase strontium ferrite fibers are formed after calcined at 750 °C for 2 hours for both the sol-gel and electrospinning processes. These strontium ferrite fibers are fabricated of nanosized particles with a hexagonal plate-like morphology, which grow with the calcination temperature. The microfiber cross-section contains multi-nanoparticles whilst the nanofiber with a necklace-like morphology is linked by nanoparticles at the calcination temperature range from 850 to 1050 °C. The magnetic properties of strontium ferrite fibers are mainly influenced by the grain size and fiber diameter. Both the strontium ferrite micro- and nanofibers calcined at 900°C for 2 hours are fabricated from single-domain grains around 56 nm and exhibit the specific saturation magnetization of 60.8 A•m2•kg-1 (microfibers) and 59.9 A•m2•kg-1 (nanofibers) and coercivity of 361.9 kA•m-1 (micronfibers) and 523.6 kA•m-1 (nanofibers). The coercivity difference between the micro- and nanofibers can be attributed to the different shape anisotropy energies arising from various magnetization reversal behaviors for the micro- and nanofibers.
Synthesis of Al4SiC4 Powders from Kaolin Grog, Aluminum and Activated Carbon as Raw Materials
Authors: Yuan Wen Jie , Li Jun , Pan Chao , Deng Cheng Ji , Zhu Hong Xi
Published: December 2011

In Al-Si-C system, there are many compounds, of which Al4SiC4 is useful as high-temperature structure material and the antioxidant in carbon-containing refractory. In this paper, Al4SiC4 powders were synthesized by using kaolin grog, aluminum and activated carbon as raw materials. The phase changes of the synthesized samples were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects of synthesis temperature and the proportion of aluminum on phase compositions of Al-Si-C system were investigated. The results show plate-like Al4SiC4 powders can be prepared with optimal ratio of starting materials and synthesis temperature.
Preparation and Properties Research of Cu-2.3Ni-0.24Si Alloy
Authors: Liu Rui Qing , Ma Peng , Hu Zhao Qi , Yang Sheng Li
Published: December 2011

Research the electrical conductivity, tensile strength, elongation and microstructure of Cu-2.3Ni-0.24Si alloy in as-cast, hot rolled plate, solution treatment plate, cold rolled strip, and aging treatment strip. the results show that hot rolled at 870°C×1h, solution treatment at 850°C×1h, following 87% cold-rolled, and than aging treatment at 450°C×1h, the tensile strength, elongation and electrical conductivity are 519MPa, 8%, and 45% IACS respectively.
Effect of Sintering Atmosphere on the Dielectric Properties of BaTiO3 via Boron-Addition Liquid-Phase Sintering
Authors: Zheng Zhuo Qun , Zhou Xiao Ping
Published: December 2011

Boron-doped BaTi1-xB2xO3+Xmaterials were prepared via organic chelating chemistry using alcohols as solvents/ligands. When sintered under air at 900 °C, those materials were light-yellow colored, and yielded the dielectric properties comparable to those of pristine BaTiO3sintered at 1300 °C. However, they displayed blue/gray color after sinterd under Ar or a reductive atmosphere like 5%H2/Ar at T > 850 °C, and the dielectric properties dramatically changed compared with the samples sintered under air, suggesting the transformation of insulating BaTiO3 into an semiconductor. By contrast, pristine BaTiO3samples differed slightly in the dielectric properties when the sintering atmosphere was shifted from air to Ar or 5%H2/Ar. The possible mechanism of the “reduction” behavior in BaTi1-xB2xO3+Xmaterials (the role of boron in reduction of Ti4+to Ti3+in BaTiO3lattice) is under investigation.
Causes and Countermeasures of Cracking in Cogging Process of 40Cr Bloom
Authors: Cheng Chang Gui , Wan Wen Cheng , Liu Zhong Tian , Zheng Yong Rui
Published: December 2011

This paper has analyzed the solidification structure and thermodynamic state of bloom by means of the electron microscopy observation and heat transfer model, and studied the cracking mechanism and influence factors in the cogging process of 40Cr bloom. The results show that the main cracking reasons are the unreasonable secondary cooling scheme, the high reheating temperature in the bloom surface, the coarser grain and widmanstatten structure of the bloom subsurface. When the bloom is conveyed from the steel mill to rolling mill, the bloom may crack for the phase transition stress and thermal stress, some micro-cracks occur in the bloom surface, furthermore, the crack will expand when it is heated in the heating furnace and rolled in the cogging mill, the cracking occurs in bloom eventually. In order to reduce the bloom cracking in the cogging process, it must optimize the secondary cooling system, reduce the cooling intensity, and adopt the thermal insulation, hot delivery and hot charge process. If the bloom can not be conveyed in the hot delivery and hot charge mode, it should be conveyed to the slow cooling pit.
MEST of Round Blooms with Different Foot Roll Pitch Designing for Peritectic Steel Casting
Authors: Sun Li Gen , Li Hui Rong , Zhu Li Guang
Published: December 2011

The minimum mould exit shell thickness (MEST) is one of key factors to consider for continuous casting machine design. Based on the shell strength at elevated temperatures, a concept of shell integral average strength, from its very top surface to the solidus frontier, has been introduced to judge its bulging tendency under ferrostatic pressure. Considering the contribution for the foot roller designing, a mathematic model for the determination of the minimum MEST has been brought forward. It is shown that, when the minimal foot roll pitch is fixed, the minimum MEST is steady. But at the same time, when the MEST does not exceed the minimum value, the round bloom off-round would happen, it is worse for the round bloom than the bulging for the normal strand. And there is the cross point with the curve of the minimum MEST by the minimum roll pitch and the minimum MEST by the fluting include angle of the support roller and the lateral support roller against the cross section.
Effect of Ladle Slag Modification on Slag Sticking to Snorkel and Rate of Slag Erosion
Authors: Wang Hong Ming , Zhang Dao Xin , Yan Yong Qi , Zhang Mian , Li Gui Rong , Yang Li Li , Zhang Ting Wang
Published: December 2011

To reduce the slag sticking to snorkel and to increase the operation life of snorkel during ladle alloying process, B2O3-CaO (mass ratio 1:2) and CaF2-CaO(mass ratio 1:2) were respectively employed as modifiers added to ladle slag. The effects of modifier on weight of sticking slag and erosion rate were investigated. The results showed that the weight of slag sticking to snorkel is reduced, but the rate of modified ladle slag pervading into snorkel is increased with the increasing of modifier added into ladle slag. The optimal weight of modifier is about 10 percent of total weight of ladle slag. The results of test in practice indicate that the slag sticking to the snorkel has been reduced by the slag modification. At the same time, the industrial applied test results show that the operation life of snorkel is increased by more than 100 percent.
The Effect of Time to Nitrogen Solubility in Steel with High Pressure and Bottom Blowing Nitrogen
Authors: Gao Ai Min , Fang Xin Kuo , Wang Shu Huan
Published: December 2011

The high nitrogen steel is alloy steel whose nitrogen content is more than solubility limit at atmospheric pressure[1]. Bottom-blowing high-pressure nitrogen smelting nitrogen steel has many advantages, in the paper, from the study of 18Mn18CrN,it can come to a conclusion that in the case of Temperature of 1853K, pressure of 1.0MPa, the bottom-blowing flow of 0.16m3 / h and temperature of 1873K, pressure of 1.4MPa, the bottom-blowing flow of 0.16m3 / h, With the bottom-blowing time of increased the nitrogen content in steel increases, but when the time is more the 10 minutes, the nitrogen content is saturated.
Evaluation of Melting Temperature of the Freeze Slag in Reaction Shaft of Flash Smelting Furnace
Authors: Wang Jin Liang , Wu Yan Xin , Liang Li Wei
Published: December 2011

According to the reaction shaft operation characteristics during the flash smelting process, 15 groups of slag samples containing high Fe3O4were prepared by some chemical reagents, and the slag melting temperatures were measured using a ZDHR-200 type intelligent test instrument for ash melting point by means of hemisphere point. Then, the mathematical formula between the melting temperature and the chemical composition of freeze slag were acquired by means of nonlinear regression analysis. The effects of the Fe/SiO2ratio (mFe/mSiO2), CaO/SiO2ratio (mCaO/mSiO2), Fe3O4content (ωFe3O4), Cu2O content (ωCu2O) and MgO content (ωMgO) on the slag melting temperature were also studied. Results show that the melting temperatures calculated by the regression formula reproduce the experimental data in molten freeze slag with high precision. The slag melting temperature ascends rapidly with increasing ωFe3O4when ωFe3O4>18%, and descends quickly when ωCu2Oraises from 3 % to 7 %, but descends slowly with increasing ωMgO. The melting temperature tend to go down first and then rise up with the increase of mFe/mSiO2and mCaO/mSiO2, arriving at the minimum when mFe/mSiO2=1.3 and mCaO/mSiO2=0.8, respectively.
Research of Prediction Method in Large Slope for Three Dimensional Object Deformation
Authors: Sun Shi Guo , Bo Zhi Yi , Chen Jing , Li Xiao Fang
Published: December 2011

Based on the mapping theoretical method, the deformation surface set model is established, which represents time series of slope 3D solid deformation. The phase in the series is deformation surface. Therefore, model set is dynamic deformation surface set of slope 3D solid deformation. Surface of deformation function reflects the distribution of slope rock mass deformation value in the special region, thus it can reveal the slope deformation law in different sections better. By engineering applied, the establishment of slope 3D deformed prediction model makes the behavior of slope rock mass deformation more direct, while makes it convenient for slope judgment of division and safety evaluation, so as to the decision basis for mine safety production and engineering control.
Influence of Magnetic Field on as Industrial Waste Water Extraction
Authors: Lin Guo Liang , Sun Si Meng , Chen Xiang Xiang , Lu Yong Ze
Published: December 2011

With the development of metallurgy and chemical industry, with the exploitation of lean ore recourse, arsenic (As) as an associated by-product has been mined with the exploitation of the main elements. For example, we use pro-oxidation to lixiviate As-Au ore, whose particles are difficult to deal with after its exploitation, fragmentation and rubbing, floatation and nrichment; humid gas acid production is produced by As-Cu ore. These lixivium and waste liquid (industrial waste water) have certain concentration of As. According to the concentration of As, industrial waste water is classified by three kinds; Low As industrial waste water with As100mg/L; Medium As industrial waste water with As 100~300mg/L; High As industrial waste water with As300mg/L; High As can be extracted and enriched through low and Medium As industrial waste water, and then be made into single As through electrolysis sediment or hydration deoxidization. This kind of As waste water can be up to national discharge standard. This experiment is mainly about the influence of magnetic field on As industrial waste water.
Research on New Thermal Reduction Process of Magnesium Preparation at Ordinary Pressure with Serpentine as Raw Material
Authors: Xia De Hong , Ren Ling , Li Yi Fan
Published: December 2011

The traditional silicothermic process of magnesium metallurgy with dolomite at high temperature and under high vacuum condition results in high operation costs, discontinuous production and huge production consumption. Based on this, a new thermal reduction process of magnesium preparation is proposed with serpentine as raw material at ordinary pressure. It is shown by thermodynamic analysis that the calcined products of serpentine is the compound of 2MgO•SiO2 and MgO•SiO2. Furthermore, the thermal reduction process at ordinary pressure is determined by using calcined products of serpentine as raw material, CaC2 as reductant and CaO as additive. Comparing with traditional silicothermic process, the new process has many advantages due to higher magnesium content of serpentine, lower price of the reductant CaC2, lower reaction temperature in calcined and thermal reduction process, and ordinary pressure reaction conditions for continuous production.
The Application of Breakout Prediction System with Thermal Imaging
Authors: Li Ying , Zhai Ying Ying , Wang Zheng , Ao Zhi Guang
Published: December 2011

The system of breakout prediction with thermal imaging is developed, which used cubic spline interpolation algorithm, based on the characteristics of the practical temperature data. This system is designed using VC++. In the measuring temperature experiment, more thermocouples are arranged in the copper plate of the mold. Three rows of thermocouples are installed in the mold copper plate, and there are two adjacent thermocouples in one location. In the system, the temperature field of the mold copper plate is shown as an image, and the function of monitoring temperature on-line is realized. The image is more exquisite and pliable because of existing more measuring temperature points. This system with thermal imaging has a great application value in the steel factories.
Investigation on the Beneficiation of Low-Grade Manganese Ore in Sichuan
Authors: Mu Xiao , Chen Jian Hua , Yin Xing Yu
Published: December 2011

Flotation, magnetic separation and leaching experiments have been carried out for the beneficiation of low-grade manganese ore. The results indicated that flotation and magnetic separation could improve the grade of Mn concentrate while the recovery was lower. Better recovery of Mn could be achieved by leaching on optimum conditions, 91.78% of Mn could be recovered by 30 minutes leaching with 25g of sulphuric acid at the liquid/solid ratio of 3:1.
Study on the Influence of Precise Ball Size for Mineral Indexes
Authors: Shi Gui Ming , Li Zheng Fei
Published: December 2011

This paper describes the experimental part of how to decide the optimizing size and ratio of grinding media with semi-theoretical formula of ball diameter and experiment method. The method can significantly increase the recovery and concentrate grade of tin, significantly decrease the steel balls consumption and attain better economic effects.
Study on Mineral Processing Flowsheet of a Certain Low Grade Pb-Zn Sulphide Ores
Authors: Wei Zong Wu , Zhang Chen Hu
Published: December 2011

In light of the characteristics of Pb-Zn sulphide ores with fine dissemination size, close intergrowth and contain large number of slime,a new flotation flowsheet is containing lead preferential flotation,ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate as collector,Na2CO3as pH modifiers, and ZnSO4as depressor. Then zinc is recovered by using CuSO4as activator, butyl xanthate as collector, successfully realizing the separation of lead and zinc .The grade of lead concentration is 50.60％,containing 3.93％Zn. The recovery of lead is 87.78％.In addition, the grade of zinc concentration is 47.75％, containing 0.48％Pb and the recovery of zinc is 88.58％.
Underground Mining Method Selecting System Based on Fuzzy Theory
Authors: Ye Hai Wang , Liu Fang
Published: December 2011

It is well known that mining method is the core of an underground mine. In order to select mining methods scientifically and reasonably, after summarizing the underground mining methods, an underground mining methods selecting system based on fuzzy theory is established, which includes primary selecting based on fuzzy clustering and final selecting based on multi-objective decision-making and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. And the application shows that the mining method selected by the system is the same as the method used in practice, which proves that the selecting system is feasible and reliable.
Injection Mode of CO2 Displacement in Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Li Zhao Min , Zhang Chao , Li Song Yan , Zhang Dong , Wang Shu Hua
Published: December 2011

CO2injection has been an important enhanced oil recovery method adopted at the later stage of oilfield development, and a series of studies and field experiments has been done in recent years. However, there are some problems in this process, such as viscous fingering, gravity override, channeling of CO2in heterogeneous reservoir. These challenging issues are closely related to the CO2injection ways. At present, it is at development stage and calls for more research on optimally choosing CO2injection methods to displace oil. This research mainly uses different CO2injection methods to displace oil, in order to optimally choose the CO2injection method that fit this experiment area, and does research on the effects and principles of CO2drive to enhance oil recovery. Compared with gas flooding and WAG, CO2foam greatly reduce the mobility of the injected gas and expand the sweep volume. This is consistently observed in the numerically simulated foam process at the field level.
Experimental Research on Characteristic of Particles Transportation in Low-Permeability Gas Reservoirs
Authors: He Zhi Wu , Yang Quan An , Liu Yi Fei
Published: December 2011

Characteristics and reasons of particles migration in low-permeability gas reservoirs are studied in this paper based on indoor experiments. In order to control the migration of clays, applying effect of two clays stabilizing agents compared and analyzed. The results show that particles transportation and blockage is a serious damage fact of which producing pressure differential is the main reason in low-permeability gas reservoirs. Stabilizing agents can effectively control the expansion and diffusion of clays, but the effect on fine silt is limited.
Study on Diameter Distribution of Natural Secondary Forest
Authors: Xu Yun , Li Feng Ri , Jiang Shi Lei
Published: December 2011

This study used 45 permanent sample plots investigated in 2007 and 6 permanent sample plots investigated in 2008 in Mao’er Mountain natural secondary forest area and 68 permanent plots investigated in 2008 in Niuxinshan institute in Muling. Through making the chat of diameter distribution histogram the analysis of diameter distribution, use a variety of distribution functions to fit the transformation regularities, set up parameter regression model. Research results show: the fitting effects of exponential distribution and Weibull distribution are good, and exponential distribution is better. Observing each parameter variation of exponential distribution function, find the relationship between parameters and stand description factor. Through the analysis, select the appropriate functions to fit them. Finally obtain the general diameter distribution function of natural secondary distribution function
A New Method of Checking Anti-Floating Stability of Buried Horizontal Tank
Authors: Zhang Zu Bin , Bi Hai Sheng , Song Shi Chang
Published: December 2011

Anti-floating checking calculation is indispensable in the design of buried horizontal tank, in addition to the structure strength and stability to meet the requirements. A new checking calculation method propounded by synthesizing analysis and comparison drawbacks in the several existing anti-floating checking methods, and this method takes into account the effect of different environmental conditions to the anti-floating stability of buried tank. The calculation shows that the new method can effectively improve the anti-floating stability of buried tank. Anti-floating measures must be adopted to prevent tank floating if the anti-floating stability conditions are not being met.
Numerical Simulation of Shale Gas Production
Authors: Mu Song Ru , Zhang Shi Cheng
Published: December 2011

Shale gas reservoirs require a large fracture network to maximize well performance. Microseismic fracture mapping has shown that large fracture networks can be generated in many shale reservoirs. The application of microseismic fracture mapping measurements requires estimation of the structure of the complex hydraulic fracture or the volume of the reservoir that has been stimulated by the fracture treatment. There are three primary approaches used to incorporate microseismic measurements into reservoir simulation models: discrete modeling of the complex fracture network, wire-mesh model, and dual porosity model. This paper discuss the different simulation model, the results provided insights into effective stimulation designs and flow mechanism for shale gas reservoirs.
Optimum Design of Coalbed Methane Reservoir Development Strategies through Numerical Simulation
Authors: Shi Jin , Wu Xiao Dong , An Yong Sheng , Wang Li Peng , Yuan Yu
Published: December 2011

The research on the development strategies of conventional gas field is quite mature both in and abroad, but less attention has been paid on development strategies of coalbed methane reservoirs. This paper elaborates the remarkable dissimilarities of development strategies between coalbed and conventional gas, including commingled development design, reasonable dewatering rate and well pattern design. Eventually, Liulin area, in Hedong coal field located in Shanxi Province, China, was taken as an example to conduct optimum design of development strategies by numerical simulation software. All the aspects mentioned above can provide guidance to China’s CBM development.
Techniques for Refreshing Images in Web Documents
Authors: Venkata Divya Ragatha , Kulshreshtha Deepika
Published: December 2011

In this paper, we put forward a technique for keeping web pages up-to-date, later used by search engine to serve the end user queries. A major part of the Web is dynamic and hence, a need arises to constantly update the changed web documents in search engine’s repository. In this paper we used the client-server architecture for crawling the web and propose a technique for detecting changes in web page based on the content of the images present if any in web documents. Once it is being identified that the image embedded in the web document is changed then the previous copy of the web document present in the search engine’s database/repository is replaced with the changed one.
Bluetooth Conjurer and Aegis – For Providing Full Duplex Connectivity via Bluetooth
Authors: Adithya N. , Dinesh Babu G.
Published: December 2011

This paper aims to implement multiple sharing of data as well as broadcasting message by providing full duplex connectivity via Bluetooth using the Juggler concept of multi-hop conventions already being implemented in wired connectivity. At present, it is impossible to provide a full duplex connection in Bluetooth based devices. To overcome this problem, we have come up with a concept that efficiently utilizes the Juggler. Furthermore, it also aims to improve the security factors for the network by implementing RC4 and MDS cryptography techniques. The MDS (Maximum Distance Separable) is used for increasing the diffusion property. Conjurer is similar to a juggler who juggles objects while performing magic. Likewise, Juggler provides nearly instantaneous handoff between base stations or supports a modest sideband channel with peer nodes, without adversely affecting foreground throughput. The Juggler switches frequency between different base stations using the frequency transition table for optimizing the overall usage of the bandwidth between these stations, thereby preventing any form of wastage of data and bandwidth. Furthermore, we ensure that both the sender and the clients issue concurrent network flows so that Juggler is able to assign these flows across more than one access point, providing significant speedup when wired-side bandwidth from the access point constrains end-to-end performance. Moreover, the concurrent connectivity prevents any bluetooth attack between the clients as the sender keeps track of the activities of each of his/her client.
Simulation of Spherical Nanoindentation of Nanocomposites Using FEM
Authors: Saadatfar M. , Soleimani A.
Published: December 2011

The study of polymer/clay nanocomposites has attracted major research and commercial interests due to their superior mechanical and thermal properties to those of the neat polymers. The present work is to modelling the spherical nanoindentation of exfoliated polymer /clay nanocomposite that has nonlinear elastic behavior using numerical simulation. A two dimensional simulation is done and the effect of friction coefficient and indenter radius on load-displacement curve is investigated. It is observed that the simulation results of nanoindentation do not depend on the friction coefficient of indenter and specimen significantly.
A Cryptographic Solution to Privacy-Preserving Two-Party Sign Test Computation on Vertically Partitioned Data
Authors: Liu Meng Chang , Zhang Ning
Published: December 2011

Statistical hypothesis test is an important data analysis theory that has found applications in various research fields. It provides a theoretical foundation to determine whether sufficient evidence exists to reject hypothesis for the trial using experimental results, in order to make a decision. In this paper, we address one of the fundamental test theories: the Nonparametric Sign Test, under the privacy-preserving context. In this context, two parties, Alice and Bob, would like to perform a sign test on their joint dataset, but neither of them is willing to disclose their private raw data to the other party. More specifically, this paper addresses the problem where the joint dataset consists of two vertically partitioned datasets. Our previous work [14] has addressed this problem using data perturbation techniques. However, in a case when the privacy of individual data objects and data subjects are of high concern, using data perturbation techniques may not be sufficient. This paper proposes an alternative solution to this problem by employing an additive homomorphic encryption scheme and an on-line STTP. We show that this solution can offer better privacy preservation, in terms of individual data confidentiality and individual privacy, than the previous solution. A security comparison with TTPV and P22NSTV solutions is also presented.
An Improved Algorithm of Video Shot Boundary Detection
Authors: Zhang Jian Feng , Wei Zhi Qiang , Jiang Shu Ming , Li Jian , Xu Shi Jie , Wang Shuai
Published: December 2011

Shot boundary detection is the first step of the video processing. Based on the summary of the existing methods of shot boundary detection, this paper put forward an adaptive dual threshold algorithm which adjusts automatically the threshold along with the changes of the content of shots. Color histogram of weighted non-uniform blocks is taken as characteristic to calculate differences of frames in the algorithm, which considers not only the global information of the image, but also the local information. The second detection is carried on when the boundaries are detected initially reduces effectively error rate that caused by flashlight. Finally, the algorithm is proved effective.
Researches on Spare Parts Management of Truck Assembly Shop
Authors: Jiang Shan , Xu Fei , Fan Shu Qing , Jiang Ying , Zhang Yu , Chen Ya Juan
Published: December 2011

This article is based on the ordinary ABC classification, uses the improved ABC classification to classify the company’s equipment and spare parts, and combine the results of those classifications to give the final conclusion. This classification is much better than the ordinary one, for it considers more important facts affecting manufacturing. This article uses Fuzzy Evaluation Analysis to classify its unique spare parts, and establishes the excess spare parts model to decrease quantities of the spare parts and therefore save the fluid funds of the company.