bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen mineralization in soils cultivated with plantain (Musa AAB Subgroup plátano cv. Hartón), Zulia state, Venezuela
Authors: González-Pedraza Ana , Escalante Juan
Published: July 2021

The main source of N in the soil is organic matter; therefore, its availability depends on its quantity and quality, microbial activity, soil characteristics and management. An efficient way to quantify available N is by mineralizing it as ammonium (N-NH ) and nitrate (N-NO ). Therefore, in this study, the total and available N was determined in soil samples 0-20 cm deep from two plots with plantain plants (Musa AAB plantain subgroup cv. Hartón) with high and low vigor (AV and BV, respectively), in the South of Lake Maracaibo. Total N was determined by the Kjeldalh method and the mineralization of available N by incubation under laboratory conditions for 10 weeks. The accumulated mineralized N (Nm), the constant mineralization rate of (k) and the potentially mineralizable N (N0) were calculated. A one-way analysis of variance was applied, when it was significant (p<0.05), a Tukey test was applied for multiple comparisons of means. Total N was low (<0.025 %) and did not present statistical differences (p<0.05) between AV and BV. The accumulated mineralized N-NO was statistically (p<0.05) higher (524.47 mg.kg-1) in BV, while the N-NH did not present differences between AV and BV. Only k was statistically higher (0.07 ± 0.03; p<0.05) in BV. Nitrification was the process that prevailed especially in BV where organic carbon was higher and presented a higher percentage of sand.
Respuesta agroproductiva de Zea mayz L. con la aplicación foliar de VIUSID agro®
Authors: Peña Kolima , Calero-Hurtado Alexander , Olivera-Viciedo Dilier , Rodríguez Juan , Fernandes Thiago , García Rainel , Ajila Gabriela
Published: July 2021

Growth promoters can be an alternative to increase the growth and production of crops of agricultural importance such as corn. To determine the effect of VIUSID agro® on the agroproductive response of corn, two experiments were designed in consecutive years. In both, a randomized block experimental design was carried out to evaluate four treatments, VIUSID agro® (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 L.ha−1) and a control, with three replications. Different variables of the growth and development of the crop, including agricultural yield were evaluated. The best performance doses in the several variables of two experiments were 0.3 and 0.5 L.ha−1. The treatments with the best performance in the agricultural yield in both experiments were the doses 0.3 and 0.5 L.ha−1 with an average increase compared to the control of 24.55 and 45.06 % respectively. Therefore, VIUSID agro® favored the agro−productive response of corn.
CONSTRUÇÃO DA CONSCIÊNCIA SOCIOAMBIENTAL NO ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA
Authors: Sek Philipe de Freitas , Fialho Edson Soares
Published: July 2021

O Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) para a formação docente de qualidade, é no presente trabalho o foco da reflexão sobre o ensino de Geografia, a partir da experiência sobre o papel capaz de viver os possíveis dramas e alegrias da prática docente, e também sobre a oportunidade de elaboração e aplicação do projeto “Consciência Socioambiental: uma proposta para o ensino de Geografia” desenvolvido por discentes do curso de Geografia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), na Escola Estadual Dr. Mariano da Rocha, no município de Teixeiras-MG, que tem como pano de fundo os preceitos geossistêmicos que apontam para uma compreensão da totalidade do mundo, na esperança de contribuir para a Educação Ambiental com um olhar geográfico (comumente abordada no Ensino Básico pelas disciplinas de Geografia e Ciências/Biologia).
Promoting fair individual labour dispute resolution for South African educators accused of sexual misconduct (part 1)
Authors: Coetzee SA
Published: July 2021

Die afsku van seksuele wandade met kinders verander nie die noodwendigheid dat die oppergesag van die reg erken en, uit ’n arbeidsregperspektief, billikheid in ondersoeke na bewerings nagestreef word nie. Dit is algemeen bekend dat ’n klagte van seksuele wangedrag die einde van ’n opvoeder se loopbaan kan beteken, sy of haar persoonlike lewe omverwerp, en sy of haar familie en vriende leed berokken. Die media vererger die gevolge van ’n klagte van seksuele wangedrag deurdat hulle vervolging deur die openbare mening aanvuur, en opvoeders, wat belangrike rolspelers in kinderbeskerming is, tot waarskynlike verdagtes maak. Reken hierby die verskynsel dat ’n beskuldigde op grond van bewerings skuldig bevind word, en dat klagtes teen opvoeders soms vals is. Dit is nodig dat opvoeders wat van seksuele wangedrag beskuldig word, billik behandel word. Die inwerkingtreding van Kollektiewe Ooreenkoms 3 van 2018, wat ’n ondersoek deur ’n arbiter verpligtend maak indien ’n Suid-Afrikaanse opvoeder van seksuele wandade met ’n leerder beskuldig word, maak hierdie behoefte nog dwingender. Met hierdie artikel poog die skrywer om by te dra tot die bevordering van billike geskilbeslegting vir Suid-Afrikaanse opvoeders wat van seksuele wangedrag met ’n leerder beskuldig word. Die skrywer verduidelik eerstens waarom sy van mening is dat daar ’n dwingende behoefte is aan billikheid jeens opvoeders wat van seksuele wangedrag beskuldig word. Daarna plaas sy die artikel in die toepaslike konteks deur te kyk na alternatiewe geskilbeslegtingsprosedures vir individuele arbeidsgeskille. Vervolgens ondersoek sy die prosedure vir individuele geskilbeslegting wat Suid- Afrikaanse opvoeders tot hulle beskikking het as hulle hul teen ’n klagte van seksuele wangedrag met ’n leerder moet verdedig. Laastens ontleed die skrywer algemene misverstande oor arbitrasie wat billike uitkomste kan belemmer as opvoeders hulle teen klagtes van seksuele wangedrag moet verdedig. Algemene misverstande wat billikheid tydens arbitrasie kan beïnvloed, sluit in dié oor die de novoaard van arbitrasie; die bewyslas; die bewyse wat vereis word; die belang van getuienis; die reëls oor hoorsêgetuienis; probleme met getuies; die misbruik van uitstel; verteenwoordiging; en wat ’n oorsig behels. Hierdie misverstande word merendeels geïllustreer met voorbeelde uit arbitrasieverslae oor seksuele wangedrag van die Raad op Arbeidsverhoudinge in die Onderwys. Ander arbitrasiebepalings en hofbeslissings word eweneens genoem.
Should South Africa adopt fair use? Cutting through the rhetoric
Authors: Karjiker S
Published: July 2021

Die wetgewer poog om met die Wysigingswetsontwerp op Outeursreg ingrypende veranderinge in die Wet op Outeursreg aan te bring, waarby die instelling van billike gebruik (“fair use”) ingesluit word. Hierdie voorgestelde wysiging blyk nie die resultaat te wees van enige erkende hersieningsproses nie, en vereis ’n deeglike ontleding van die gevolge daarvan. Hierdie radikale afwyking van ons huidige benadering ten opsigte van die uitsonderings in outeursreg is deur sommige bekende tegnologie maatskappye ondersteun, nie net in Suid-Afrika nie, maar ook in ander regsgebiede soos die Verenigde Koninkryk, Australië en Nieu-Seeland. Die artikel spreek ernstige kommer uit oor die implikasies van die instelling van billike gebruik in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg. Sodra verby die retoriek van die beweerde meerderwaardigheid van billike gebruik beweeg word, is die prentjie wat ontstaan verontrustend. Alhoewel daar entoesiastiese ondersteuning blyk te wees vir die instelling van billike gebruik vanuit sekere oorde, is die geskiedenis daarvan om regsekerheid te vestig in die regsgebied van sy statutêre oorsprong, die Verenigde State, minder bemoedigend. Billike gebruik vereis ’n litigasieproses tussen die verskillende partye om die toelaatbare uitsonderings op outeursreg te bepaal. Daar is geen noodwendige rede waarom billike gebruik meer responsief is op tegnologiese verandering as wetgewende hervorming nie. Daar is beduidende verskille in ons regstelsel en die litigasieproses wanneer dit vergelyk word met dié van die Verenigde State. Versuim om die verskille te erken, kan tot onvoorspelbare en onbedoelde gevolge lei. Uitsonderings op die outeursreg behels aspekte van openbare beleid. Dit moet nie deur regters beslis word ooreenkomstig ’n agenda wat daargestel is deur private litigante nie. In ’n demokratiese samelewing moet openbare beleidskwessies deur die parlement bepaal word en dit mag openbare deelname insluit. Billike gebruik, of enige vorm van oop uitsonderings, kan daartoe lei dat Suid-Afrika sy verdragsverpligtinge kragtens die Bernkonvensie, die TRIPs-ooreenkoms en in die besonder die sogenaamde “drie-stap-toets” mag oortree. Dit is ook duidelik dat die houding van die Europese Unie en die Verenigde State teenoor die groot tegnologie maatskappye minder uiteenlopend is, en dat wetgewende maatreëls ingestel word, of oorweeg word, om die uitbuiting van die regte van outeursreghebbendes te beperk. Voorstanders vir die instelling van billike gebruik het nog geen regverdiging verskaf waarom Suid-Afrika dit só moet gedra oor sy internasionale verpligtinge nie.
Regspraak: Novasie en delegasie van skuld – hoe raak dit die versekering van die tersake skuld?
Authors: Sonnekus JC , Schlemmer EC
Published: July 2021

Personal rights may be transferred by means of cession, and, in such an instance, the cedent (creditor) does not need the debtor’s permission, but once the debtor has been informed, the debt is redeemed only if he performs against the cessionary. If however, someone owes a debt, he (the debtor) can free himself of the obligation only if he redeems the debt, if he is released, or through the running of prescription. But sometimes it might be necessary that a restructuring of someone’s debts takes place or the debtor may want to be replaced with someone else who is willing to take over his obligation. This can be done only with the cooperation and agreement of the creditor. In such a case the debtor delegates his obligation to another person, who then becomes the new debtor of a new debt – the creditor relinquishes his right against the old debtor and accepts the new debtor and the new debt. The old debt no longer exists. It is also possible to rearrange the debt and create a new obligation which extinguishes the old debt – a novation takes place. This contribution starts with a discussion of these general principles and particularly the role that they (should) play when one is dealing with a secured debt which the debtor wants to delegate or when novation comes into play. This leads into a discussion of Wilke NO v Griekwaland Wes Korporatief Ltd (1327/2019) 2020 ZASCA 182 (23 Dec 2020) and the judgments in the earlier courts in which the supreme court of appeal and the other courts did not consider the implications of delegation and novation on an underlying debt when that debt was secured. Delegation and novation extinguish the underlying debt and any security right fortifying that debt is thereby also extinguished because of the principle of accessority. If the creditor requires the new debt to be secured, a new security right needs to be established by meeting all the requirements for the establishment of such security whether it is a right of suretyship or a real security right. A creditor must carefully consider agreeing to a delegation or novation of a secured debt since the implication is that he loses his secured and preferential position, and, even with the creation of a new security right, he loses the ranking he initially held in the line of secured creditors when a right of mortgage, for example, is at stake – qui prior est tempore potior est iure (D 20 4 11pr).
The role of body water in the etiology of chronic non-communicable diseases (literature review)
Authors: Stekhin Anatoly A. , Rakhmanin Yury A. , Yakovleva Galina V. , Iksanova Tatyana I.
Published: July 2021

Non-communicable diseases have become the leading cause of death worldwide, the origin of which remains unclear. At the same time, in the methodology of hygienic diagnostics and socio-hygienic monitoring, the search for good indicators testifying to the influence of environmental factors on human health is of considerable difficulty. 85-90% of management errors are recognized due to the unreasonable choice of these indicators. The continued growth of non-infectious morbidity in the Russian population indicates the inefficiency of the existing system of socio-hygienic (epidemiological) monitoring and, in general, the state of hygiene as human health science. To obtain reliable monitoring data, it is necessary to introduce a systematic homeostatic indicator that reflects changes in human health, regardless of the nature and origin of external factors, including vital and social factors. In this regard, the goals of this review were to analyze the systemic homeostatic action of the body’s associated water phase and the mechanisms of its electronic exchange interaction with the environment in a relationship that reflects the root causes of metabolic disorders in cellular structures and the subsequent occurrence of chronic non-infectious human diseases. According to quantum notions, an organism is a macroscopic quantum system, each organ and each cell of which is in electronic interaction with each other and with similar structures in the environment. It is precise because of non local connections that health and diseases are significantly dependent on the electrophysical state of the environment. A systemic indicator that reflects the effectiveness of electronic metabolic processes and human health is the proportion of the associated water phase in the body and the associated intensity of electromagnetic emission in the low-frequency and high-frequency spectral regions. In pathological conditions of organs (disease), adaptation is disrupted, which from a physical perspective is regarded as a “gap” in quantum correlation with external sources of electrons. During this process, a sharp decrease in the proportion of the associated water phase occurs, accompanied by the release of excess heat and metabolic shifts. Electron-deficient environmental conditions require the early introduction of measures to counteract dangerous trends in the nation health and the social and hygienic monitoring methodological aspects revision, which can have a significant impact on the “water factor,” through which realized one of the main ways of electron-deficient states the body compensation is implemented.
State and prospects of hygienic regulation of the production environment with a reduced oxygen content (literature review)
Authors: Bukhtiyarov Igor V. , Shestopalov Nikolay V. , Vinnikov Denis V. , Glukhov Dmitry V. , Pochtareva Elena S. , Dgergeniya Svetlana L.
Published: July 2021

The work is devoted to the physiological and hygienic foundations of the safety of activities in the conditions of the changed gas environment and characteristics of the main medical measures for the employees’ protection in a hypoxic environment, the analysis of domestic and foreign data, the study of working conditions in the environment with the reduced oxygen concentration in the air. Investigations were carried out on premises with various technological processes, a changing environment, and a reduced oxygen concentration when employees perform multiple operations. The health status of workers was assessed depending on the time spent in the changed gas environment and the percentage of oxygen. Having analyzed the regulatory documents currently existing in the Russian Federation on the assessment and control of production factors, working conditions in confined spaces with a low oxygen concentration in the air, air environment to maintain health, high performance, and prevent diseases, experts concluded that it is necessary to develop Sanitary Rules and Norms, SanPiN “Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for Habitability (Stay) in Confined Spaces with a Low Oxygen Concentration in the Air” because currently there is no document existing specifically on this issue. The literature was searched in the databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI. There were prepared draft sanitary plans and standards “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the environment with a reduced concentration of oxygen in the air,” which establish sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the environment with a reduced concentration of oxygen in the air, as well as for the organization of control, methods measurements of air components at workplaces and measures to prevent harmful effects on the health of workers. They apply to work conditions in the living environment for all premises with a reduced oxygen concentration in the air.
Seasonality of consumption of traditional products of reindeer husbandry and river fishing by indigenous people of the Arctic zone of Western Siberia in the context of climate change
Authors: Andronov Sergey V. , Lobanov Andrey A. , Kobel’kova Irina V. , Popov Andrey I. , Luo Luo , Shaduyko Olga M. , Fesyun Anatoliy D. , Nikitina Anfisa M. , Lobanova Lilia P. , Nikitin Mikhail V. , Bogdanova Elena N.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The nutrition of the Nenets in the Arctic zone of Western Siberia is mainly based on traditional products (raw (thermally unprocessed) local fish and venison), which is the most important factor of survival in the Arctic. Storing up food products for an extended period is not relevant for the Nenets. Climate change and industrial development in the Arctic primarily affect the seasonality of consumption. Changing the calendar of fish and venison harvesting leads to greater use of imported and canned local food, increasing the length of the periods when local food completely disappears from the diet of the Nenets. Material and methods. During the expeditions to the national villages of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, cross-sectional screening studies were performed, in which 985 Nenets people took part. Nutritional analysis was conducted using the questionnaire method based on an album of portions and dishes. Retrospective information was collected on the seasonality of consumption of reindeer products and local fisheries (the length of the period when unserved fish and venison are available). Results. The consumption of reindeer and river fishery products is seasonal. The duration of the season of venison consumption was from 150±14.0 to 180±21.0, and raw fish - from 120±14.0 to 200±21.0 days. Despite the high level of consuming reindeer products per season, the average annual consumption of venison by Nenets in the Arctic zone of Western Siberia was 240 g/day/person that is less than in the central regions of the Russian Federation and industrially developed countries. In the studied area, the average annual consumption of fish (171.5 g/day/person) is three times higher than the average consumption in the Russian Federation. However, increased consumption of traditional food is typically only during the season of fishing or slaughtering reindeer. The average annual consumption reduced; during the off-season, the share of easily digestible carbohydrates in the diet increased. Conclusion. The creation of fish and venison stocks in villages and their year-round sale to the population is a necessary step in ensuring the food security of the Nenets people.
Parental control in children’s overweight and obesity prevention
Authors: Nazarova Liliia Sh. , Daukaev Rustem A. , Musabirov Dmitry E. , Karimov Denis O. , Baygildin Samat S. , Zelenkovskaya Evgeniya E. , Yakhina Margarita R. , Bakirov Akhat B.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Proper nutrition is one of the fundamental factors necessary for the healthy growth and development of children. The aim of this study was to examine the role of overt and covert parental control in the formation of excess body mass index (BMI) (overweight or obesity) in children. Materials and methods. The study included 135 residents of the Republic of Bashkortostan who had 7-11 year children with a z-score for BMI of at least -1 (optimal body weight, overweight, obesity). The collection of primary data was carried out in 2019 through a questionnaire. Statistical processing of the data was performed using logistic regression analysis, where the presence of excess BMI (overweight or obesity) in a child was considered as a dependent variable, and 25 questions characterizing the use of overt and covert parental control over nutrition were considered as covariates (Birch L.L. et al., 2001 (Child Feeding Questionnaire); Ogden J., Reynolds R., and Smith A., 2006). Results. According to the data obtained, the risk of exceeding BMI in children increased if parents offered them their favourite food in exchange for good behaviour (overt control - restriction-reward) (B=0.361, p=0.016), and decreased if parents refrained from buying sweets and chips for home (covert control) (B=-0.374, p=0.033). Conclusion. Parents' use of covert controls in the form of abstaining from buying sweets and chips at home, as well as refusal of such explicit controls as using a child's favorite food in exchange for good behavior, make a significant contribution to preventing the formation of overweight and obesity in children.
Interregional analysis of the incidence as an instrument of improvement of the system of socio-hygienic monitoring
Authors: Kolomin Vladimir V. , Latyshevskaya Natalya I. , Rybkin Vladimir. S. , Kudryasheva Irina A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The purpose of the study was to scientifically substantiate the unification of methods for analyzing the morbidity of the population, and comparative analysis of the morbidity of the child population at the interregional level within the framework of social and hygienic monitoring. Objective. The scientific substantiation of the feasibility of an inter-regional comparative analysis of the incidence of the population in the constituent entities of the Russian Federatio to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of management decisions developed as part of social and hygienic monitoring. Material and methods. A comparative analysis of the incidence in the regions of the Southern Federal District, the occurrence and development of which is associated with air pollution, was carried out. Statistical data processing was performed by linear regression using the Statgraphics and Microsoft Excel software packages. The calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient r to evaluate the severity of the existing trend in the variation of the variation series and the determination coefficient (R2), taking into account the reliability coefficient p <0.05. Assessed approaches to the analysis of the incidence of children in the framework of socio-hygienic monitoring in the subjects. Results. The study revealed the lack of a unified approach to the analysis of the morbidity of the population in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation within the framework of socio-hygienic monitoring, both according to the criteria for determining the priority pathologies for the region, and the duration of the analyzed period. The comparative analysis of the morbidity of the child population at the interregional level showed a significant difference in the dynamics and levels of morbidity from ecologically caused pathologies in adjacent regions, with similar social and climatic parameters. The formation of human health takes place under the conditions of the multicomponent influence of various factors. The etiology of most of the nosological forms, the degree of their dependence on the state of the external environment have been scientifically established. The most determined by the components of the environment, ecologically caused pathologies, the nature of the incidence of which is considered by the authors as a possible manifestation of the impact of a specific factor that has a priority value in the occurrence and development of these diseases. Conclusions. The study shows the expediency of unifying methods for analyzing the incidence of the population, as well as conducting a comparative analysis of the incidence of the child population at the interregional level within the framework of socio-hygienic monitoring.
Study on Verifying the Effectiveness of Non-face-to-face Youth Volunteering in Improving Self-Esteem among Children of Deaf Adults (CODAs)
Authors: Won Doyeon , Yang Eunice , Yi Seojin , Cho Jeongwoo , Kim Alex , Lee Seoeun , Choi Joonhee
Published: July 2021

The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of youth volunteering in increasing the self-esteem of hearing children of deaf adults (CODAs), who commonly start taking care of their parents from a young age. To this end, an experimental study based on the non-equal comparison groups design was applied to a experimental group of 4 participants and a control group of 3 participants, selected based on the recommendation from expert social workers from the M General Social Welfare Center in P City. The volunteer programs, conducted non-face-to-face due to COVID-19, were centered on art activities such as drawing one's own dreams, decorating flowers, and customizing pencil cases. Repeated measures analysis of variance (rANOVA) was conducted to verify the effectiveness of volunteering, and the analysis results are as follows. First, in both the experimental group and the control group, CODAs’ self esteem increased after the program was carried out. Second, while the growth effect appeared in both groups, the slope of increase in the self-esteem of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Accordingly, the effectiveness of volunteering to improve CODAs' self-esteem was verified. This study suggests academic and practical implications based on these findings.
Response of Black, Red, and White Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars to Nutrient Management Under Highly Alkaline Soil
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Visayas State University, Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines, Ton-ogan Martin , Bañoc Dionesio M. ,   Department of Agronomy, Visayas State University, Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
Published: July 2021

Increasing rice productivity under highly alkaline soil is possible by using appropriate cultivars and efficient nutrient management. This study determined the agronomic and yield response of three rice cultivars to nutrient management under highly alkaline soil. It evaluated rice production's profitability using three rice cultivars influenced by nutrient management under highly alkaline soil. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot arranged in an RCBD with rice cultivars as the main plot and nutrient management as the subplot. Statistical analysis revealed that fertilized plants headed and matured earlier than unfertilized plants. A significant interaction effect was noted among rice cultivars under different nutrient management. The combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers increased the percentage of filled spikelets while reducing unfilled spikelets. Application of 2.5 t/ha-1 poultry litter + 60-30-30 kg ha-1 N, P O , and K O (T ), significantly increased the 2 5 2 4 number of productive tillers, the weight of grains hill-1, and grain yield (t/ha-1) compared to plants applied with pure inorganic fertilizer. For cost and return analysis, black rice and T achieved the highest gross margins of PHP 297,708.28 4 and PHP 269,845.68 respectively. The results indicated that using black rice applied with 2.5 t/ha-1 poultry litter + 60-30-30 kg ha-1 N, P O , and K O (T ) is a highly effective 2 5 2 4 and profitable option for lowland rice production under highly alkaline soil.
Instilling Environmental Consciousness through an Environmental Jamboree: The Experiences of Senior High School Students and Youth Leaders
Authors:   Institute of Tropical Ecology and Environmental Management, Visayas State University, Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines, Tulin Edrian Paolo B. , Pedrera Hilda A. ,   Visayas State University Integrated High School, Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines, Fernandez, Jr. Guiraldo C. ,   Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Visayas State University, Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
Published: July 2021

This study is a documentation of the Visayas State University environmental consciousness drive for Senior High School students and youth leaders through an environmental jamboree in April 2018. Through quantitative and qualitative research methods, this study is designed to determine the Senior High School students and youth leaders' basic understanding of the essence of nature conservation and assess their learnings from the environmental jamboree lectures, environmentally-themed adventure race, and cultural night. In addition, this study enables the participants to develop personal reflections on their realizations of the importance of environment conservation. This study concludes that the environmental jamboree participants have little knowledge about environmental conservation at the start of the activity. Moreover, the participant's knowledge in the realm of nature conservation has significantly improved after they participated in the different activities of the environmental jamboree. Finally, the activities in the environmental jamboree have enabled the participants to realize that good ecosystem service only comes from a clean and healthy environment. Furthermore, this study reinforced another realization that environmental conservation efforts would be more successful if there is unity and coordination among people. Nevertheless, the participants were informed that such realizations could only materialize if there is determination and hard work among people involved in environmental conservation efforts.
A ‘Desi’ Multinational –A Case Study of Hindustan Unilever Limited
Authors: Raj Keerthan , P. S. Aithal
Published: July 2021

India has become a second home to many multinationals’ over the years. The fact that India has second largest population in the world is alluring because it translates itself into a huge opportunity to encash for marketers across the globe. Hindustan Lever Limited which set foot as the subsidiary of Unilever has been one such multinational which has almost become a home grown brand. The strategies adopted by this corporate leaves no stone unturned in cashing in on the tiniest niche markets available. Reaching the four billion populations in the base of the pyramid markets has been a topic of research in recent times. Lot of exploratory and case studies have been made in this field. This paper is a study on the strategies developed by Hindustan Lever Limited which has been one of the most successful companies to foray into the emerging markets in South East Asia and successfully tapped the base of the pyramid in India. A case study using archival material and secondary information sources suggest that having a global lookout and one world one market strategy is not successful when attempting to cut into base of the pyramid segments in emerging markets. The critical aspect here is developing grassroots’ connection and social empathy which should translate to a cooperative spirit which will leverage the strengths and overcome the weaknesses.
Contactless Human Body Temperature Measurement and Sanitization
Authors: Raut Shashank , Gurao Vedant , Shahane Mihir M. , Ghodke Prof Venkat Namdev
Published: July 2021

The design and working of Contactless Human Body Temperature and Sanitization is presented in this study. The system is intended to help prevent the spread of COVID-19 infection and assist in maintaining and/or improving community health and reducing the negative impact of the infection on the economy and society. We have used Proteus Design Suit & Arduino IDE software platform with simulating & programming the product algorithm and we are using Arduino Uno, MLX90614 sensor, Ultrasonic Sensors, IR Sensor , Buzzer and DC motor. The objectives of this work is to have a system consisting two sub-systems, the temperature sensor and the sanitizer sprayer, which is controlled from a common microcontroller and by design, can operate simultaneously. The design and development of the system go through the following methodology: System Specification, Literature Survey, Control System Design, Hardware Prototype Development, Results. Based on data obtained from tests made on the built prototype, a reiteration of the above steps is carried out where the control system (software logic) and parameters are adjusted so that they meet the specified performance for the system. The final test results are recorded and it does the temperature monitoring and on disinfecting the hands as expected. Photos of the Schematic and the prototype model ,and the flowchart on which the Arduino script is developed are shown. The non-contact sensor feature for both the recording of body temperature and the spraying of sanitizer provided by our model precludes the possible viral transmission from using traditional thermometers, readers handheld IR thermometer operators and avoids transmission between person to person.
Documentation and modelling of a hypothetical reconstruction of the first Roman watermill in Hispania
Authors: García-León Josefina , González-García Jesús A. , Collado-Espejo Pedro E.
Published: July 2021

The accurate graphic survey of an archaeological site is fundamental for its analysis and research. Furthermore, if this site is to be covered by a building and will not be accessible or visible, its documentation is essential, not only to continue with the research, but also to disseminate and enhance the discoveries. An example of this is the "Hoya de los Molinos" archaeological site in Caravaca de la Cruz (Region of Murcia, Spain). This is where the first mark of the wheel of a Roman vertical watermill in the Iberian Peninsula has been found. This fact is crucial because remains of Roman vertical-wheeled watermills have been found across the Mediterranean but not in the Iberian Peninsula. Moreover, the fact that this watermill still has all its structural elements makes this archaeological site in Caravaca de la Cruz very interesting. Due to these facts, it is essential to disseminate this discovery, so that it can be recognized and considered as archaeological and cultural heritage. To that end, the researchers have carried out a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the most characteristic elements, such as the vertical wheel, the gears that allowed grinding the grain, and the building protecting them. A virtual recreation was carried out, based on the historical and building research, which is displayed in an explanatory video. Furthermore, two reproductions were created: one made to scale of the archaeological site with a 3D printer and another one of the hypothetical structure of the Roman watermill. To achieve this result, historians, archaeologists and engineers have collaborated, thus enabling not only its adequate dissemination, but also its accurate documentation, in an inclusive manner. Thanks to all the work that this paper describes, the Roman watermill found in Caravaca de la Cruz can be known, studied and assessed.

Highlights:

The first Roman watermill in the Iberian Peninsula has been found with all its structural elements, from the imprints left in the stone by the wheel.

Virtual reconstruction of the first vertical wheel watermill discovered in Hispania has been made.

An animated video of the hydraulic watermill gears performance has been created for documentation and dissemination.
The Most Important Risk Factors Among Angina Patients in Thi-Qar Governorate in Iraq
Authors: Kamil Amel Mustafa , Dakheel Mohammed Munis , Kadhem Tehsen Ali
Published: July 2021

Angina is a chest pressure, discomfort, or pain like a squeeze. It may occur as an angina attack that typically lasts from 1 to 15 minutes; however, angina is not only a disorder, but is also a symptom of heart disease.  There are various risk factors that lead to raising an angina pectoris attack which were designated in previous studies but no one detected the most significant one in Thi- Qar governorate. Because of the specific economic, lifestyle and environment characteristics of this governorate, the present study has aimed to determine the most important risk factors that trigger angina among patients of the Nasiriya Heart Center in Nasiriya city.

A cross-sectional study has been conducted in Nasiriya Heart Center which involved 200 angina patients that attended the hospital. The patients answered questioners’ form that has been designed by the researcher. The collecting data contained the demographic, lifestyle and family history information of patients.

The results showed no significant differences between male and female in angina occurrence. An age group 31- 60 year was considered the most susceptible to the incidence of angina. However, no significant impacts of the genetic, smoking, alcohol and obesity were found as risk factors. On the other hand, significant effects of diabetes, hypertension, eating habits and stress in the angina incidence were determined.

In conclusion, the specificity of the governorate has had the greatest impact on the determination of risk factors where, apart from eating habits, the stress in its various types was the most important factor; therefore, intensive studies must promote population health conditions in this governorate.
Comparative Study of Different Central Difference Interpolation Formulas
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India., Chandel Aanchal , Pooni Rk ,   Department of Mathematics, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India.
Published: July 2021

When taking care of issues utilizing numerical strategies it is generally important to set up a model and to record conditions communicating the limitations and actual laws that apply. These conditions should now be tackled and a decision introduces itself. One route is to continue utilizing regular strategies for math, getting an answer as a recipe, or set of formulae. Another strategy is to communicate the conditions so that they might be addressed computationally, i.e. by utilizing strategies for mathematical examination or Numerical analysis. In this paper we are aimed to discuss interpolation, various methods to solve central difference interpolation, their generalizations. Applications of interpolation are also discussed and one can easily understand the concepts of the paper.
Effects of Electrical Parameters during Non conventional Machining of Al/Sic Metal Matrix Composites by Electrical Discharge Machine
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat- 382355, India., Laxman Laxman , Lal Dr. Kishan ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh College of Engineering & Technology (Diploma), Sector -26, Chandigarh-160019, India.
Published: July 2021

Particulate Reinforced Al/SiC Metal Matrix Composites (PRALSICMMC) is gradually becoming very important materials in manufacturing industries e.g. aerospace, automotive, and automobile industries due to their superior properties such as lightweight, low density, high strength to weight ratio, high hardness, high temperature, and thermal shock resistance, superior wear and corrosive resistance, high specific modulus, high fatigue strength, etc. In this study aluminum (Al- 6063)/SiC Silicon carbide reinforced particles metal-matrix composites (MMCs) are fabricated by melt-stirring technique. The MMCs bars and circular plates are prepared with varying the reinforced particles of SiC by weight fraction ranging from 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The average reinforced particles sizes of SiC are 220 mesh, 300 mesh, and 400 mesh respectively. The stirring process is carried out at 150 revs/min rotating speed by graphite impeller for 15 min. A series of machining tests are performed on EDM. Copper electrodes are used as tools (cathode), Prepared specimens of Al/SiC MMCs are used as workpiece (anode) and kerosene is used as the dielectric fluid. The Performance parameters measured during experimentation were Tool Wear Rate (g/min), Metal Removal Rate (g/min), Over Cut on diameter (mm), and Average Surface Roughness Ra (μm) for each experiment by varying Pulse Peak Current IP (2 Amp, 6 Amp, 10 Amp,14 Amp) and gap voltage Vg ( 25 Volts, 30 Volts, 35 Volts, and 40 Volts). The investigations of results are done graphically.
Study of Linear Transformation and its Application
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab.
Published: July 2021

Linear functions are commonly referred to as “linear map”, “linear operator” or “linear transformation”. In some cases, the term “homomorphism” will be used, which refers to functions from one kind of set that respect any structures on the sets; The two structures on vector spaces, scalar multiplication, and addition, are respected by linear maps from vector spaces. A linear function is commonly written with a capital L to indicate its linearity, but because we’re only looking at very specific functions, we may alternatively express it with merely f. Matrices are a helpful tool for linear transformation calculations. It’s important to understand how to find the matrix of a linear transformation as well as the properties of matrices.
Níveis de alfabetização econômica de estudantes dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Aragão Anna Barbara Barros Leite , Lautert Síntria Labres
Published: July 2021

Este estudo examina o desempenho de 150 estudantes, de ambos os sexos, do 6º ao 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental de escolas particulares, quanto aos seus conhecimentos sobre conteúdos econômicos ao considerar o acesso às aulas formais de Educação Financeira Escolar. Tomou-se por base o Modelo de Psicogênese do Pensamento Econômico, o qual afirma a existência de níveis de compreensão dos conhecimentos econômicos condizentes com os níveis de desenvolvimento cognitivo. Para operacionalização da investigação foram aplicados, de forma coletiva, dois testes, o Teste de Raciocínio Verbal (versão para pesquisa) e o Teste de Alfabetização Econômica para Crianças. Os resultados revelam, em linhas gerais: (i) desempenhos semelhantes dos estudantes independente do acesso às aulas formais de educação financeira escolar; (ii) concentração das respostas (54,4%) referentes ao Pensamento Econômico Inferencial (iii), que, de acordo com o Modelo de Psicogênese do Pensamento Econômico, sugere que os estudantes classificados nesse nível sejam capazes de compreender os processos sociais utilizando ferramentas próprias da lógica formal e apresentam uma visão sistêmica do todo que o compõe. Estes resultados corroboram os estudos realizados por Ortiz (2009) e Carvalho (2016) quanto à equivalência entre níveis de desenvolvimento cognitivo e níveis de pensamento econômico.
Educação Financeira Escolar: um produto educacional para o Ensino Médio
Authors: Moraes Aline Reissuy de , Pereira Luiz Henrique Ferraz
Published: July 2021

Neste artigo buscamos apresentar algumas reflexões sobre Educação Financeira Escolar e, para tanto, reportamos o fato de tal temática não estar, de forma mais constante, presente na realidade da maioria das escolas. Na intenção de contribuir para o debate e trazer elementos que possam auxiliar o professor para tratar tal tema em suas aulas, mostramos um Produto Educacional, desenvolvido para esse fim e usado em uma sequência didática para alunos do Ensino Médio, podendo servir de apoio para propiciar aos estudantes, desse nível de ensino, conhecimentos que possam lhes dar mais autonomia e segurança em relação à sua vida financeira. Foram trabalhados vários tópicos, como por exemplo: sonhos e objetivos de vida, decisões de compras, redução de despesas, orçamentos, espaços públicos e planejamento financeiro, sendo esse último tópico o foco de uma das três etapas da aplicação do produto educacional. A metodologia adotada no processo de pesquisa foi da Engenharia Didática e fundamentada nas ideias de Paulo Freire, principalmente em suas considerações sobre autonomia. O produto educacional foi aplicado em três turmas de escola pública e os resultados coletados e analisados apontam a relevância de trabalhar a temática, bem como vêm ao encontro do proposto nas competências e habilidades da Base Nacional Comum Curricular.
Perspectivas para a educação financeira em um livro didático de matemática no ensino médio
Authors: Figueiredo Auriluci De Carvalho , Coutinho Cileda De Queiroz e Silva
Published: July 2021

Neste artigo analisamos um capítulo de matemática financeira de um livro destinado ao ensino médio à luz dos pressupostos da teoria antropológica do didático (TAD), buscando identificar se o conjunto das praxeologias fornece condições (constitui um ecossistema equilibrado) para uma abordagem crítica da educação financeira, tal como preconizado pela Estratégia Nacional de Educação Financeira (ENEF). A pesquisa é qualitativa documental, e mediante o capítulo de “Matemática Financeira” de uma coleção de matemática para o ensino médio, referente ao Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) – 2018, e suas orientações para o professor, elencamos as organizações matemática e didática apresentadas. Dentre as conclusões, destacamos que fica na dependência do professor fomentar em seus alunos o desenvolvimento da criticidade na educação financeira nas aulas de matemática com essa temática. Em relação à perspectiva ecológica do didático, identificamos alguns elementos presentes no capítulo do livro didático que podem se constituir em um ecossistema para os objetos do ensino da educação financeira escolar, que nele configuram elementos da matemática, matemática financeira e os contextos que possibilitam a articulação com a educação financeira.
Empréstimos & Financiamentos: uma proposta para o ensino de Sistemas de Amortização no Ensino Médio
Authors: Freitas Bruno Gomes de , Moreira Valéria Guimarães
Published: July 2021

Este artigo relata uma pesquisa de mestrado sobre Empréstimos & Financiamentos na Educação Básica, em finalização. O objetivo é promover aprendizagens sobre Sistemas de Amortização para alunos do Ensino Médio, aplicadas a situações de empréstimos e/ou financiamentos, no âmbito da Educação Financeira, tema transversal obrigatório pela BNCC (BRASIL, 2018). Tais aprendizagens perpassam por conhecimentos matemáticos próprios desse segmento, a saber, “Juros” e “Progressões”. Nesse artigo, apresentamos o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, conduzida à luz da Engenharia Didática, e a construção de um produto educacional (livro) desenvolvido ao longo dos trabalhos, cuja proposta é auxiliar professores no ensino dos Sistemas de Amortização mais usuais: a Tabela PRICE e o Sistema SAC. Apresentamos a organização do livro e um breve relato das aplicações desse em sala de aula. Em seguida, analisamos o material, tendo como critérios as competências da BNCC e os objetivos educacionais da Taxonomia de Bloom. O artigo se encerra na expectativa de apresentar um produto educacional de grande valor na construção da Educação Financeira de docentes e alunos, promovendo conhecimentos e aprendizagens que influenciem o comportamento de uma nova geração de consumidores.
Que Educação Financeira Escolar é essa?
Authors: Vaz Rafael Filipe Novoa , Nasser Lilian
Published: July 2021

A Matemática Financeira concebida para o ensino sofreu diversos impactos ao longo dos últimos anos. A primeira perspectiva, iniciada nos anos 1990, abordava o desenvolvimento de técnicas de ensino e promovia reflexões sobre o currículo. Em seguida, a Matemática Financeira seguiu um enfoque mais aplicado a pagamentos e investimentos. Temas como o cálculo do imposto de renda e do valor das parcelas em um financiamento tiveram sua relevância destacada em diversos estudos desde então. Mais recentemente, sustentada por diversas pesquisas e concepções mais críticas advindas da Educação Matemática, a Educação Financeira Escolar (EFE) adquiriu novas perspectivas, distintas daquelas referentes ao cálculo de juros. Temas relacionados à tomada de decisão sobre o consumo e a poupança estão hoje incluídos em diversos estudos da área, e gradualmente, estão sendo inseridos nas aulas de Matemática. No entanto, outra perspectiva, transdisciplinar e voltada à formação de cidadãos conscientes, pode oferecer outras contribuições à Educação Matemática, ressignificando a própria EFE. Mais do que responder à pergunta título, este artigo pretende apresentar essas perspectivas encontradas na literatura e compreender que contribuições cada uma delas pode oferecer à formação do cidadão em um mundo consumista e algoritmizado.