bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Genome Characteristics and Comparative Genomic Analysis of Spartina alterniflora
Authors: Zhu Hong , Yue Chunlei , Li Hepeng
Published: February 2025

The mitochondrial genome of Spartina alterniflora, an invasive species with significant ecological and economic impacts, was analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for understanding its phylogenetic relationships and molecular biology. Mitochondrial genome sequences of S. alterniflora and 23 related species from NCBI were utilized for bioinformatics and comparative genomic analyses. A sliding window analysis identified three genes (rps2, atp9, and nad6) as potential DNA barcodes for species identification. Intracellular gene transfer (IGT) events between mitochondrial and chloroplast genome were detected, highlighting the dynamic nature of genomic evolution. A selective pressure analysis revealed that most protein-coding genes (PCGs) underwent purifying selection (Ka/Ks < 1), while the nad2 and ccmB genes showed signs of positive selection pressure (Ka/Ks > 1), indicating their role in adaptation. A phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a close relationship between S. alterniflora and Eleusine indica, supported by a collinearity analysis, which suggests environmental convergence. This study provides novel insights into the structural and evolutionary characteristics of the S. alterniflora mitochondrial genome, offering valuable genomic resources for future research on invasive species management and evolutionary biology.
Molecular Biology: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Bhatia Madhav
Published: February 2025

“Latest Review Papers in Molecular Biology 2024”, a Special Issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (CIMB) that I have had the privilege of editing, called for articles on the challenges and opportunities in the field of molecular biology [...]
Multidisciplinary Management of Non-Healing Umbilical Ulcer in an Infant: A Case Report
Authors: L’Erario Stefano , Francesco Marena , Bassetto Franco , Amabile Antonio
Published: February 2025

This case report outlines the intricate clinical management of a 5-month-old infant with recurrent bacterial infections and a non-healing umbilical ulcer following the surgical excision of a urachal remnant. The infant’s medical history was significant for delayed umbilical cord detachment and multiple surgical site infections. The initial surgical approach included the excision of the residual urachus, wound debridement, and abdominal wall reinforcement using a collagen matrix combined with local flap closure. Despite an apparently uneventful postoperative course, the wound experienced dehiscence and failed to heal. As part of the diagnostic workup, genetic testing was conducted, revealing an autosomal dominant mutation in the RAC2 gene, which impairs neutrophil function. Given the urgent need for wound closure prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), further debridement and sessions of negative pressure therapy were performed, alongside attempted repair with acellular dermal regeneration matrices, which ultimately proved to be ineffective. Ultimately, HSCT was undertaken despite the infectious associated risks, resulting in spontaneous wound healing without requiring further surgical interventions. This case highlights the challenges of coordinating medical, surgical, and hematological treatments in such complex cases, necessitating effective communication and collaboration among multidisciplinary teams to optimize patient outcomes.
A Chemical Transport Method for the Synthesis of Simple and Complex Inorganic Crystals—Survey of Applications and Modeling
Authors: Matyszczak Grzegorz , Krawczyk Krzysztof , Yedzikhanau Albert , Brzozowski Michał
Published: February 2025

The chemical transport method is a process that occurs naturally; however, it is also very useful in the chemical laboratory environment for the synthesis of inorganic crystals. It was successfully used for the syntheses of simple and complex inorganic compounds, from binary (e.g., ZnS, CdSe) to quaternary (e.g., Cu2ZnSnS4) compounds. Many experimental parameters influence the quality of products of chemical transport reactions, and among them, one may distinguish the used precursors and applied temperature gradient. The careful selection of experimental conditions is crucial for the production of high-quality crystals. Mathematical descriptions of the chemical transport phenomena, however, may potentially help in the design of proper conditions.
Study on Pitting Behavior of Welding Joint of Bimetal Composite Pipes in Suspended Sulfur Solution
Authors: Sun Yuwei , Yu Sirong , Wang Bingying , Liu Lin , Liu Enyang , Feng Tao
Published: February 2025

Due to the severe corrosion environment, corrosion problems caused by sulfur deposition are one important reason for the failure of composite pipes in the long-term service process when Incoloy825/X65 bimetallic composite pipes are used in high-sulfur oil and gas transportation. In this paper, an Incoloy825/X65 bimetallic composite pipe was subjected to an immersion corrosion test in suspended sulfur solution to observe the corrosion morphology and characterize the corrosion products using a SEM, EDS, and XRD. The adsorption behavior of the Incoloy825 alloy in terms of sulfur elements was investigated. The results show that the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the welding joint is the preferred region for pitting corrosion. The film of corrosion product on the Incoloy825 was mainly composed of NiS, FeS, and Cr2S3, and its thickness was 7–13 μm. With prolongation of the immersion time, the pitting resistance of the surface product film of nickel-based alloys is weakened and then enhanced, and the corrosion product film can act as a barrier to anion transfer and inhibit the occurrence of pitting.
Methodology for the Study and Analysis of Concrete in a Heritage Façade: The Ateneu Sueco Del Socorro (Spain)
Authors: Cortés-Meseguer Luis , Bello Pablo Monzón
Published: February 2025

The Ateneo Sueco del Socorro, built in 1927 in Sueca, Spain, is a prime example of the 20th-century architectural transformation, using reinforced concrete. Designed by architect Juan Guardiola, it reflects the Art Deco style, incorporating ornamental elements from Eastern civilizations. The building’s structure includes masonry walls, concrete columns, and vaulted ceilings. The building displayed a high level of damage due to the oxidation and corrosion of the reinforcements that compose the façade, which led to the definition of the most appropriate study and intervention methodology, applying contemporary tests for reinforced concrete. The original project’s structural design reflects the construction methods of its time, with sculptural elements using Fallas modeling techniques, resulting in various concrete and mortar types. After the façade presented a pathological condition in the early 21st century that made its restoration urgent, a study methodology was followed with current tests to accurately determine the lesions, their degree of damage, and compatible materials for restoration. Corrosion on the façade is mainly triggered by carbonation and the depassivation of reinforcements, exacerbated by environmental issues like moisture retention and oxygen permeability. Repairs should use compatible pre-mixed mortars, with surface inhibitors recommended to extend the lifespan of reinforcements.
Nonlinear Fractional Evolution Control Modeling via Power Non-Local Kernels: A Generalization of Caputo–Fabrizio, Atangana–Baleanu, and Hattaf Derivatives
Authors: Gassem F. , Almalahi Mohammed , Osman Osman , Muflh Blgys , Aldwoah Khaled , Kamel Alwaleed , Eljaneid Nidal
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a novel framework for modeling nonlinear fractional evolution control systems. This framework utilizes a power non-local fractional derivative (PFD), which is a generalized fractional derivative that unifies several well-known derivatives, including Caputo–Fabrizio, Atangana–Baleanu, and generalized Hattaf derivatives, as special cases. It uniquely features a tunable power parameter “p”, providing enhanced control over the representation of memory effects compared to traditional derivatives with fixed kernels. Utilizing the fixed-point theory, we rigorously establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions for these systems under appropriate conditions. Furthermore, we prove the Hyers–Ulam stability of the system, demonstrating its robustness against small perturbations. We complement this framework with a practical numerical scheme based on Lagrange interpolation polynomials, enabling efficient computation of solutions. Examples illustrating the model’s applicability, including symmetric cases, are supported by graphical representations to highlight the approach’s versatility. These findings address a significant gap in the literature and pave the way for further research in fractional calculus and its diverse applications.
Association Between Calcium Level, Bone Mineral Density, and Hip Fracture: Analysis Based on NHANES Data
Authors: Wang Xiao , Ai Zisheng
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The relationships between calcium, bone mineral density, and hip fracture have been studied for a long time, but there are still different opinions on the matter. The aim of this study was to decipher the relationship between these factors from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Methods: After we performed data cleaning for the obtained NHANES data, we used multiple imputation to obtain the complete data and conducted an analysis for different variables. First, by using multivariate linear regression models, we confirmed the association between calcium and bone mineral density, and then we confirmed the association between bone mineral density and hip fracture by using multivariate logistic regression models. A mediation analysis of these variables was performed. Results: The analysis in this study included data on 18,003 participants from the NHANES, and we were able to find a strong association between calcium and bone mineral density (p < 0.001). The association between bone mineral density and hip fracture was also significant (p < 0.001). One augmented gram of daily calcium intake was associated with a 0.04 unit increase in BMD level, and a one unit increase in BMD level could downgrade the occurrence of hip fracture for 5.4 times. The mediation analysis showed that the femur BMD level and total BMD level have a mediating relationship with hip fracture, and no clear relationship among calcium, BMD, and hip fracture could be established. Conclusions: Although it is difficult to draw strict conclusions from the mediation analysis in this study, we can observe a clear association between calcium and BMD as well as an association between BMD and hip fracture.
In Vitro Production of Plantlets and Microrhizomes, Genetic Fidelity Assessment, and Metabolic Profiling of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf.
Authors: Thepthong Kankamon , Kanjanawattanawong Supanath
Published: February 2025

Fingerroot (Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf.) is valued for its therapeutic benefits, both in Thailand and internationally. This study optimized in vitro propagation and induced microrhizomes (MRZ) to produce cleaned plantlets to support organic farming using disease-free plantlets, which is crucial for preventing and eradicating diseased plantlets, reducing the use of chemicals, and alternative approaches to enhancing phytochemical diversity. Shoots cultured on ½-strength MS medium with 1 mg L−1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) showed the highest shoot formation (69%) and shoot multiplication (3.45 ± 0.29 shoots per explant). Plantlets acclimatized in peat moss or a peat moss–coconut coir (1:1) mixture achieved a 100% survival rate. Genetic fidelity was confirmed using SSR markers, showing genetic consistency with the mother plant. The MRZ formation was the highest (98.33%) under white LED light with 30 g L−1 of sucrose. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis in MRZ revealed aspartate, a precursor to pinocembrin and pinostrobin. Additionally, nine unique metabolites not previously identified in fingerroot were detected in the MRZ, suggesting some potential in novel therapeutic applications. These findings support the development of efficient micropropagation methods and highlight MRZ as a source of diverse bioactive compounds, contributing to the medicinal value of B. rotunda in sustainable and large-scale production.
Expanding the Genetic and Clinical Spectrum of SCN1A-Related Hemiplegic Migraine: Analysis of Mutations in Japanese
Authors: Danno Daisuke , Tada Haruka , Oda Itsuki , Kawashita Norihito , Hirano Makito , Kitamura Shigekazu , Kikui Shoji , Samukawa Makoto , Yoshikawa Keisuke , Mitsui Yoshiyuki , Nagai Yoshitaka , Takeshima Takao , Saigoh Kazumasa
Published: February 2025

Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is characterized by repeated episodes of reversible localized neurological deficits, in addition to headache. The aura of HM includes visual, sensory, motor, and verbal symptoms. Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is classified into non-familial sporadic HM (SHM) and familial HM (FHM). Here, we analyzed the clinical symptoms and their relevance in four Japanese patients considered to have SCN1A mutations as a cause. Sequencing of SCN1A was performed using a whole exome sequence method in 48 blood samples from clinically suspected patients with FHM. Subsequently, algorithm analysis, allele frequency determination, and three-dimensional structure analysis of the recognized variants were performed, and the recognized variants were evaluated. We found five heterozygous missense mutations (p.A23E, p.V250L, p.T398M, p.R1575C, p.L1660I) in SCN1A, three of which had not been reported. These five mutations may also affect the structure of the protein products, as assessed using a three-dimensional structural analysis. In all cases, the clinical symptoms included visual, sensory, motor, and verbal symptoms, which are forms of aura. Similarities were detected, such as the appearance of symptoms at a young age and other symptoms, such as hemiplegia after a headache attack. We report five missense mutations in SCN1A of Japanese cases.
Iron Accumulation and Lipid Peroxidation in Cellular Models of Nemaline Myopathies
Authors: López-Cabrera Alejandra , Piñero-Pérez Rocío , Álvarez-Córdoba Mónica , Cilleros-Holgado Paula , Gómez-Fernández David , Reche-López Diana , Romero-González Ana , Romero-Domínguez José Manuel , de la Mata Mario , de Pablos Rocío M. , González-Granero Susana , García-Verdugo José Manuel , Sánchez-Alcázar José A.
Published: February 2025

One of the most prevalent types of congenital myopathy is nemaline myopathy (NM), which is recognized by histopathological examination of muscle fibers for the presence of “nemaline bodies” (rods). Mutations in the actin alpha 1 (ACTA1) and nebulin (NEB) genes result in the most prevalent types of NM. Muscle weakness and hypotonia are the main clinical characteristics of this disease. Unfortunately, the pathogenetic mechanisms are still unknown, and there is no cure. In previous work, we showed that actin filament polymerization defects in patient-derived fibroblasts were associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. In this manuscript, we examined the pathophysiological consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction in patient-derived fibroblasts. We analyzed iron and lipofuscin accumulation and lipid peroxidation both at the cellular and mitochondrial level. We found that fibroblasts derived from patients harboring ACTA1 and NEB mutations showed intracellular iron and lipofuscin accumulation, increased lipid peroxidation, and altered expression levels of proteins involved in iron metabolism. Furthermore, we showed that actin polymerization inhibition in control cells recapitulates the main pathological alterations of mutant nemaline cells. Our results indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with iron metabolism dysregulation, leading to iron/lipofuscin accumulation and increased lipid peroxidation.
Advances in Antibody-Based Immune-Stimulating Drugs: Driving Innovation in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhao Ren-Jie , Fan Xing-Xing
Published: February 2025

Antibody-based immune-stimulating drugs (ABIs) represent a transformative frontier in cancer immunotherapy, designed to reshape the tumor microenvironment and overcome immune suppression. This study highlighted recent advances in ABIs, including immune-stimulating antibody conjugates (ISACs), bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), and checkpoint blockade enhancers, with a focus on their mechanisms of action, clinical advancements, and challenges. Preclinical findings revealed that ISACs effectively boost overall anti-cancer immunity by reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages, enhancing T cell activation, and engaging other immune pathways. Similarly, BsAbs effectively redirect immune cells to tumors, achieving significant tumor regression. Additionally, artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the development of ABIs by optimizing drug design, identifying novel targets, and accelerating preclinical validation, enabling personalized therapeutic strategies. Despite these advancements, significant challenges remain, including immune resistance and off-target effects. Future research should prioritize next-generation multifunctional antibodies, AI-driven innovations, and combination therapies to enhance efficacy and expand therapeutic applications. Connecting these gaps could unlock the full potential of ABIs, upgrading cancer treatment and improving outcomes for patients with refractory or resistant tumors.
Emerging Developments in Real-Time Edge AIoT for Agricultural Image Classification
Authors: Pintus Maurizio , Colucci Felice , Maggio Fabio
Published: February 2025

Advances in deep learning (DL) models and next-generation edge devices enable real-time image classification, driving a transition from the traditional, purely cloud-centric IoT approach to edge-based AIoT, with cloud resources reserved for long-term data storage and in-depth analysis. This innovation is transformative for agriculture, enabling autonomous monitoring, localized decision making, early emergency detection, and precise chemical application, thereby reducing costs and minimizing environmental and health impacts. The workflow of an edge-based AIoT system for agricultural monitoring involves two main steps: optimal training and tuning of DL models through extensive experiments on high-performance AI-specialized computers, followed by effective customization for deployment on advanced edge devices. This review highlights key challenges in practical applications, including: (i) the limited availability of agricultural data, particularly due to seasonality, addressed through public datasets and synthetic image generation; (ii) the selection of state-of-the-art computer vision algorithms that balance high accuracy with compatibility for resource-constrained devices; (iii) the deployment of models through algorithm optimization and integration of next-generation hardware accelerators for DL inference; and (iv) recent advancements in AI models for image classification that, while not yet fully deployable, offer promising near-term improvements in performance and functionality.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Romanian Broadcasting: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Vlăduțescu Ștefan , Stănescu Georgiana Camelia
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence has made its mark on the media industry in Romania, and television is one of the sectors most affected by its development. This paper analyzes through a quantitative method the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on television from the perspective of media industry professionals in Romania. The research was conducted usinga quantitative method based on a structured questionnaire. The study focuses on the responses of 128 journalists working in local and national TV stations directly involved in content creation and editorial or production processes. We selected this sample because media specialists have the knowledge to express informed opinions on this subject. The survey results show that artificial intelligence is increasingly used in Romanian newsrooms. Television professionals believe that artificial intelligence tools are helpful and that they can improve the quality of content. However, at the same time, there are serious concerns about the possibility that jobs could be affected. In addition, the risk of misinformation is growing with the increasing use of artificial intelligence tools. Findings suggest that strategic, industry-wide regulations and ethical guidelines are essential to balance AI adoption while safeguarding media integrity. This research may serve media organizations, policymakers, and academia in formulating informed approaches toward AI.
Internal Cumulated Dose of Toxic Metal(loid)s in a Population Residing near Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material Waste Stacks and an Industrial Heavily Polluted Area with High Mortality Rates in Spain
Authors: Contreras-Llanes Manuel , Alguacil Juan , Capelo Rocío , Gómez-Ariza José Luis , García-Pérez Javier , Pérez-Gómez Beatriz , Martin-Olmedo Piedad , Santos-Sánchez Vanessa
Published: February 2025

Huelva is a city in SW Spain with 150,000 inhabitants, located in the proximity of two heavy chemical industry complexes, the highest naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) waste (phosphogypsum) stacks of Europe and a highly polluted estuary, with elevated cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality rates. This study analyses the association between cumulated exposure levels to 16 metal(loid)s (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Tl, U, V, and Zn) measured in the toenail of a sample (n = 55 participants) of the general control population of Huelva City who were involved in the MCC-Spain study and the spatial proximity patterns to the local polluting sources. Residents of the city of Huelva have higher levels of Fe, Ni, Cr, Se, As, and Co in their toenails compared to the levels found in populations with similar characteristics living in non-polluted areas. Moreover, the highest concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, Mo, and Se were found in toenails of participants living near the NORM waste stack, while the highest Cu, Zn, and Al contents corresponded to people residing near the industrial area. The spatial distribution of most of the metal(loid)s studied appears to be mainly controlled by anthropogenic factors.
Research on Adaptive Drilling Control Technology Based on Coal Rock Traits During the Drilling Process
Authors: Liang Bin , Li Guang , Shan Guangpeng
Published: February 2025

The anti-punch drilling robot is a core piece of equipment used to realize unmanned drilling and pressure relief operations in underground coal mines. Adaptive drilling, conducted according to the coal rock properties encountered during drilling, is essential to improve the safety and efficiency of the pressure relief working face. This paper analyzed the composition of the anti-punch drilling robot drilling system and workflow of the drilling system and then calculated the optimal rotary speed and the optimal feed speed for different Platts hardness coefficients of the coal rock through the analysis of the drilling rod force. Based on the characteristics of the drilling electrohydraulic control system, a rotary adaptive controller based on a self-resistant control algorithm and a feed adaptive controller based on sliding mode variable structure control were designed. A joint simulation was carried out using AMESim 2020.1 and Simulink 2020b software to analyze the control performance of each controller. Finally, an experimental platform for the drilling robot electrohydraulic control system was constructed; different hardness coefficients of concrete specimens were used to simulate the hardness of the coal rock with different traits. Single coal rock hardness experiments and drilling experiments with sudden changes in coal rock hardness were carried out. The experimental results showed that the adaptive control strategy proposed in this paper satisfies the requirements of drilling system control.
Post Neutron Irradiation Recovery and Recrystallization of ITER Grade Forged Tungsten Bar
Authors: Papadakis Dimitrios , Manios Efthimios , Mergia Konstantina
Published: February 2025

Defect recovery and recrystallization studies of neutron-irradiated tungsten (W) addressing the microstructural evolution in relation to the mechanical properties, provide valuable insight into defect interactions and annihilation processes. Understanding these mechanisms can aid in the development of effective healing processes, potentially extending the lifespan of fusion reactor components. Additionally, this research helps to elucidate how neutron exposure alters the behaviour of materials used in fusion reactor components, contributing to improved design and durability. Within this framework, an ITER grade forged W bar was neutron irradiated to a damage of 0.21 displacements per atom at 600 °C and subsequently isochronally annealed from 700 up to 1550 °C in 50 °C steps. Irradiation causes the formation of dislocation loops and vacancy clusters as well as the formation of Re and Os transmutation products, leading to a 35% increase in hardness and a 23% increase in resistivity. The evolution of the microstructure after isochronal annealing is investigated through positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, resistivity, and Vickers hardness measurements. The total dislocation line density as well as the number density and size of voids are determined as a function of annealing temperature. Specifically, the critical resolved stresses of dislocations and voids are correlated with their densities and distinct recovery stages are identified. The kinetics of defect annihilation are discussed in relation to the annealing temperature. Nearly complete dislocation annihilation occurs after annealing at 1300 °C, followed by complete void dissolution and recrystallization at 1450 °C.
1H-NMR Lipidomics, Comparing Fatty Acids and Lipids in Cow, Goat, Almond, Cashew, Soy, and Coconut Milk Using NMR and Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Williams Brianna , Hewage Shamika P. W. R. , Alexander Denzel , Fernando Harshica
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Lipids are an important component of human nutrition. Conventional milk is obtained from animals, and dairy milk is consumed by many people worldwide. Recently, milk consumers have been increasingly shifting towards plant-based milk options. The aim of the study was the qualitative identification of lipid metabolites in animal- and plant-based milk, the identification and comparison of the fatty acids (FAs) of milk, and the qualitative identification of the lipid groups among the milk varieties. Methods: Milk samples were obtained from local grocery stores. Lipids were extracted using a modified Folch method and analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics. Gas and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods (GC-MS and LC-MS) were used to identify the FAs and lipid groups. Lipid weights were compared and the NMR profiles of the lipids analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis. Principal component analysis was performed for the milk lipids obtained from the animal, and plant milk varieties. Results: Clustering of NMR data showed two main clusters: cow/almond/cashew and goat/soy/coconut. GC-MS analysis of the methylated fatty acids (FAs) showed the presence of 12:0, 14:0, 16:0, 16:1, 17:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 20:1, and 20:2 in all milk types, while FAs 19:0 and 20:4 were observed only in the dairy milk. LC-MS data showed common masses that may indicate the presence of mono- and diacyl glycerols and several lysophospholipids among the different types of milk. Conclusions: This study shows the advantage of using NMR, GC-MS, and LC-MS to differentiate the lipids among different milk types and compare them on one platform.
Effects of Moisture Content Gradient on Alfalfa Silage Quality, Odor, and Bacterial Community Revealed by Electronic Nose and GC–MS
Authors: Liu Yichao , Wang Zhijun , Sun Lin , Zhang Yuhan , Zhao Muqier , Hao Junfeng , Liu Mingjian , Ge Gentu , Jia Yushan , Du Shuai
Published: February 2025

Better quality and odor of silage and normal microbial fermentation metabolism are mostly dependent on an appropriate moisture content. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different moisture content gradients (50, 60, 70, and 80%) on the bacterial community, odor, and quality of alfalfa silage at 60 days by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and electronic nose, with six replicates per group. The results showed that there were significant differences in odor response intensity among all groups, among which the 80% group had the strongest reaction to terpenoids, sulfides, and nitrogen oxides. Similarly, the different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were mainly terpenoids, alcohols, and ketones, such as pine, camphor, and menthol (e.g., carlin and levomenthol). The dominant bacterium was Enterococcus with higher fiber, pH, and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content but poorer quality and odor (p < 0.05). The differential VOCs in the 60% group were mainly heterocyclics, esters, and phenols with fruity, floral, and sweet odors such as 2-butylthiophene and acorone. Pediococcus and Lactiplantibacillus were the dominant bacteria, with higher crude protein (CP), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), and lactic acid (LA) contents, as well as better quality and odor (p < 0.05). The biosynthesis of terpenoids and steroids, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids were the main metabolic pathways of differential VOCs. In conclusion, regulating moisture content can alter bacterial community and metabolites, which will encourage fermentation and enhance alfalfa silage quality and odor.
Clinical Implications of High Melioidosis Serology Indirect Haemagglutination Assay Titre: A 20-Year Retrospective Study from the Top End of the Northern Territory, Australia
Authors: Ho Cassandra , Freeman Kevin , Woerle Celeste , Mahoney Mila , Mayo Mark , Baird Robert W. , Meumann Ella M. , Currie Bart J.
Published: February 2025

Melioidosis, an infection with the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is highly endemic in the Top End of the Northern Territory of Australia. The indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA) is the most widely used serology test globally, but it is not standardised among the limited number of laboratories that perform it. While concerns have been raised about the sensitivity of IHA early in melioidosis infections, the advantage of IHA over more recently developed ELISAs is that testing serial dilutions allows a titre to be recorded. While in Australia a titre of 1:40 or higher is considered positive, the specificity at these low positive titres remains uncertain. However, a high titre is considered to represent recent or past true infection with B. pseudomallei, rather than cross-rection with other environmental Burkholderia species. Also, the natural history of IHA titres over time, in both asymptomatic infection and melioidosis has been little studied. We have assessed the clinical status and serology time courses of all 534 patients who had an IHA titre of 1:640 or higher, over a 20-year period. Of these, 324 (60.7%) were diagnosed with culture-confirmed melioidosis, with varying time courses of diagnosis of melioidosis in relation to the high serology. Of the 210 without confirmed melioidosis, 22 (10.5%) were considered highly likely to be melioidosis despite being culture-negative, and these were all treated as melioidosis. In the remainder, titres mostly gradually decreased over time, but the majority remained seropositive. A small number who had not been treated for melioidosis continued to have high IHA titres over years and activation from latency with a new diagnosis of melioidosis was occasionally documented. This study highlights the importance of a full clinical workup in those found to have high titre melioidosis serology as well as subsequent close clinical surveillance and where resources allow, yearly IHA in those not confirmed or treated as melioidosis.
Toxoplasma gondii Type I TR and ROP16 Synergistically Downregulate IL-12 to Inhibit Host Reactive Oxygen Species Production
Authors: Geng Xiaoling , Li Ruifang , Du Jingying , Zhang Manyu , Jiang Wei , Sun Qing , Mi Rongsheng , Qin Shuang , Wang Quan
Published: February 2025

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular opportunistic protozoan parasite. T. gondii invasion disturbs the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant capacity in the host, triggering the oxidative stress response. Thioredoxin reductase (TR) of T. gondii helps to escape ROS-induced damage in the host, whereas T. gondii rhoptry protein 16 (ROP16) downregulates host innate immunity to suppress excessive inflammation and inhibit ROS production. However, whether TR and ROP16 synergistically promote resistance to ROS-induced damage remains unclear. Here, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to successfully obtain a double TR and ROP16 gene knockout T. gondii strain. The double deletion of TR and ROP16 in T. gondii weakened its growth ability in vitro and decreased its virulence in vivo. Moreover, the double deletion of TR and ROP16 resulted in a lower antioxidant capacity, higher degree of lipid oxidation, and elevated ROS levels in the parasite and host cells. Interestingly, the deletion of the TR and ROP16 genes in T. gondii synergistically increased IL-12 levels, which triggered host cells to produce more ROS to resist T. gondii infection. These results show that TR and ROP16 in T. gondii play a synergistic role, facilitating resistance to ROS damage incurred by host immune cells through different pathways.
First Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in Blood and Milk of Goats from Algeria
Authors: Dahmane Abdeldjalil , Vismarra Alice , Passebosc-Faure Karine , Reghaissia Nassiba , Baroudi Djamel , Samari Houssem , Semeraro Manuela , Yera Hélène , Laatamna AbdElkarim
Published: February 2025

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important foodborne diseases in humans, potentially acquired by ingesting unpasteurized goat milk. This study examined the role of goat milk as a source of infection of Toxoplasma gondii for humans in Algeria. Sera, blood, and milk samples collected from 106 female goats were tested for the presence of antibodies against T. gondii and its DNA, using indirect ELISA and PCR, respectively. Multiplex PCR was performed using 15 microsatellite markers to determine the clonal type of the T. gondii DNA detected. Seropositive results were found in 51 she-goats (48.11%). T. gondii DNA was detected in 16 (15.09%) and 15 (14.15%) blood and milk samples, respectively. In total, 15 (29.41%) out of 51-seropositive goats were PCR-positive for blood, while only 6 of them (6/15, 40%) showed the presence of T. gondii DNA in their milk. A fair correlation was found between indirect ELISA and PCR assays for T. gondii detection in milk (K = 0.2243) and blood (K = 0.28300), with a substantial difference in the screening ability of the tests (G2 = 38.96, p < 0.0001). The genotyping of samples could not be completed, but showed the absence of type I and type III lineages in goats from the Mila region, northeastern Algeria. The Algerian goat population is highly exposed to T. gondii, with a potentially increased risk of parasite transmission to humans via milk consumption.
Bridging Theory and Practice: Challenges and Opportunities in Dual Training for Sustainability Education at Spanish Universities
Authors: Quirós-Alpera Susana , Roets Aloysius O. S. B. , Robina-Ramírez Rafael , Leal-Solís Ana
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the implementation of dual training at the University of Extremadura (2023–2024), aiming to bridge theoretical academic knowledge with practical industry insights. This research utilizes SmartPLS 4.1.0.9 SEM-PLS software to explore the relationship between corporate engagement, academic outcomes, and sustainability challenges, validating hypotheses and refining dual training models in sustainability education. Key variables include Information Collection (IG), Sustainable Business Challenges (SCh), and Knowledge Developed by Business Strategies (KBS). The findings reveal that while the dual training model successfully integrates academic curricula with corporate engagement, it struggles to connect business strategies with actionable recommendations and has limited impact on improving teaching methods. This study identifies structural and practical barriers in the Spanish education system that hinder the full realization of dual training’s potential. To address these challenges, this research recommends incorporating continuous feedback mechanisms throughout the learning process and enhancing mentorship opportunities. Continuous feedback would allow students to refine their conclusions, leading to more practical and sustainable solutions. Additionally, the use of authentic case studies and greater industry involvement would help students bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world applications, enabling them to generate actionable recommendations and better understand sustainability challenges and business strategies. These recommendations aim to improve student learning outcomes and strengthen the integration of academic and corporate practices, fostering more effective sustainability education.
Environmental Awareness and Moral Commitment in Water Usage in Gastronomy SMEs
Authors: Acevedo-Duque Ángel , Müller-Pérez Jessica , Alvarez-Becerra Rina , Cachicatari-Vargas Elena , Fernández-Mantilla Mirtha Mercedes , Merino Flores Irene , Yomara Verges Irma
Published: February 2025

In recent years, awareness of the sustainable use of water has grown across various industries, including the gastronomic sector. This study aimed to examine the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on environmental awareness, moral commitment, corporate image, and the intention of employees from gastronomic SMEs to responsibly manage water usage. To achieve this objective, 354 surveys were conducted with employees from restaurants in Santiago, Chile, and a PLS-SEM model was utilized for data analysis. The results revealed that CSR had a significant impact on ecological awareness and the intention to conserve water. These findings highlight the critical role entrepreneurs and their employees play in water conservation, as they are directly involved in the management of this vital resource.
Building a Methodological Reference Framework for Quantifying Tropical Deforestation with Remote Sensing
Authors: Fernández-Montes de Oca Ana Isabel , Ghilardi Adrián , Kauffer Edith , Mas Jean Francois , Sánchez-Cordero Víctor , Gallardo-Cruz José Alberto
Published: February 2025

Deforestation is a major threat to the sustainability of natural resources. Thus, adequate estimates of deforestation are crucial for evaluating how sustainable programs are implemented. Still, there is controversy in estimating deforestation, as different estimates often produce contrasting or even conflicting results. It is known that variation in estimates depends on a wide diversity of variables that modify the methods for measuring deforestation, such as scale, types and complexity of vegetation, the definition used, and available inputs of information. This study developed a methodological tool to select the most suitable remote sensing method to measure deforestation in tropical forests. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications quantifying deforestation with remote sensing and field data. The information was analyzed and synthesized to build a methodological framework of reference. The methodological and descriptive information of the selected publications served to construct four decision rules (excluding factors, classifier options, elements for choosing a classification, and additional information) for selecting a method for quantifying deforestation. We tested the functionality of this methodological framework of reference by quantifying the deforestation of tropical rainforests in southern Mexico. Based on the decision rules of the framework, two deforestation quantification classifiers were used in the study area (Maximum likelihood and spectral angle mapper (SAM)). We observed that Maximum likelihood had higher values of accuracy than SAM, although both values of accuracy were acceptable. This framework facilitates the selection of remote sensing methods for measuring deforestation by considering the characteristics of each study area and the available inputs. The use of this framework reduced the uncertainty in the estimates of deforestation by controlling a greater number of variables and provided a robust approach for adequately implementing sustainable programs in these threatened rainforests.
Patterns and Dynamics of PM2.5 and PM10 Across Portugal: A Twelve-Year Perspective
Authors: Pires José C. M.
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to assess the temporal and spatial variability of particulate matter (PM) concentrations (PM2.5 and PM10) at several rural and urban monitoring sites located in Portugal between 2011 and 2022. The exceedances to European Union Directive limits and World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines were also evaluated. Higher PM concentrations were observed mainly at urban sites (e.g., up to 156 exceedances of the WHO PM2.5 guideline for daily average concentrations were recorded in a year), with the main contributions being from traffic emissions and industrial activities. On the other hand, the lower number of exceedances at rural sites can be attributed to long-range transport (e.g., Saharan dust) and wildfires. Temporal trends showed that PM2.5 concentrations decreased by up to 0.6 µg/m3 per year, while PM10 reductions reached 1.0 µg/m3 per year at certain sites, showing the effectiveness of air quality policies and clean technology advancements. Also, the number of exceedances of the air quality guideline of WHO for PM2.5 at urban traffic sites like Entrecampos decreased from 140 in 2015 to 15 in 2022. Principal component analysis grouped the air monitoring sites based on PM variability. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the temporal variation of PM concentration, contributing to air quality management strategies and the design of mitigation measures.
Experiences in Assessing the Impact of Circular Economy Interventions in Agrifood Systems—A Review
Authors: Hermans Thirze , Beintema Nienke , Alho Carlos Francisco Brazão Vieira , van der Poel Mark
Published: February 2025

The circular economy (CE) offers a promising framework for sustainable resource management; however, assessing its performance remains challenging due to a lack of robust methodologies, metrics, and data. In agrifood systems, CE has the potential to improve resource efficiency and food security. However, limited research has explored CE interventions in this sector, emphasizing the need for tailored assessment tools. This study seeks to advance CE intervention evaluation in agrifood systems through a realist literature review and discussion on agrifood system assessments to bridge identified knowledge gaps. Our review reveals that most frameworks only address technical or environmental dimensions due to their measurable nature and predominance of laboratory research. This focus underscores the necessity of incorporating assessments in real-world contexts. Insights from agrifood system evaluations suggest that future research should develop holistic frameworks encompassing technical, environmental, social, and economic dimensions. A systems-thinking approach is important for understanding complex interactions among these dimensions, involving mapping, key component identification, and development of context-specific metrics adaptable to global and local settings, particularly for low- and middle-income countries. Active stakeholder collaboration throughout design, data collection, and evaluation is essential for creating relevant indicators. Integrating these elements supports a comprehensive CE assessment framework for agrifood systems.
A Study of the Life Cycle Exergic Efficiency of Hydrogen Production Routes in China
Authors: Zheng Lixing , Jiang Xuhui , Zhang Xi , Wang Song , Wang Ruiqiong , Hu Linbin , Xie Kaiji , Wang Peng
Published: February 2025

Hydrogen is a clean secondary energy source that plays an important role in promoting the region’s low-carbon energy mix transition. Currently, most of the evaluations of hydrogen production technologies in terms of energy consumption focus on energy efficiency, and fewer studies have been conducted at the level of exergy. In this paper, we use the life-cycle approach and the energy quality coefficient method to assess and discuss the exergic efficiency of three technology routes, namely hydrogen production from natural gas, propane dehydrogenation, and hydrogen production from green electricity, which were carried out in China. Hydrogen production from natural gas was found to have the lowest exergic efficiency, with exergic losses mainly from the compression process, high-temperature chemical reactions, and reduced catalyst activity. Propane dehydrogenation was found to be about 16% more exergic efficiency than natural gas to hydrogen, with exergic losses mainly from compression. Hydrogen production from wind power has the highest exergic efficiency, with exergic losses mainly due to the electricity required to run the electrolyzer. By analyzing the changes in energy consumption and exergy consumption of China’s future hydrogen supply, this paper found that the energy consumption per unit of hydrogen production will decrease to 9.2 kg of SC/kg of H2 and the exergy consumption per unit of hydrogen production will decrease to 9.6 kg of SC/kg of H2 in 2030. The exergic efficiency of the hydrogen production process in China will be further improved as the proportion of hydrogen production from electrolytic water in the hydrogen production structure increases.
The Progress of Ecotourism Research in China: Identifying Key Areas, Highlights, and Trends Through Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Yang Lei , Xu Dongbo , Yuan Shuai
Published: February 2025

Ecological civilization has emerged as an important component within the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) in China. As a pivotal direction of ecological development, the total number, scope, and complexity of China’s ecotourism are steadily increasing. However, systematic reviews of the relevant literature have been lacking over the past few years. This study employs CiteSpace for a visual analysis of China’s ecotourism research from 2014 to 2024 in the Web of Science Core Collections (WoSCC) database. The main findings are as follows: (1) Ecotourism research in China can be categorized into three development stages, with research groups established at leading institutions. (2) Research hotspots include case studies, management and assessment, tourist and stakeholder issues, macro and middle policy, cultural and ethical concerns. (3) “Quality” has emerged as a frontier topic; multiple disciplines, such as new technologies, pedagogy, and social governance, have contributed pathways for quality enhancement. (4) Notable research highlights include the incorporation of new elements, comparative analyses, interdisciplinary approaches, smart governance, and a broadening governance scope. (5) Research trends show increasing depth and breadth, evolving hotspots, and a growing emphasis on ecotourism management. In conclusion, ecotourism plays a crucial role in ecological, cultural, and economic sustainability. However, as demand for the development of ecotourism increases, new challenges will inevitably emerge. Therefore, it is imperative to adopt a systematic approach, leverage multidisciplinary efforts, and strengthen original theoretical research to explore more development paths and comprehensive research on ecotourism in China.