bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Knowledge Attitude and Practices among Dental Faculty towards Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in Maharashtra
Authors: Kalmegh Shivani , Siddique Saima , Madhu Priyanka Paul , Chhabra Kumar Gaurav , Reche Amit , Kunghadkar Akanksha
Published: September 2021

Background: Antibiotic resistance makes to the top ten threats to global health in 2019. It is important for dental faculty to make efforts to improve the quality of services provided; As a result the study of awareness of the dental faculty regarding antibiotic resistance and antibiotic stewardship program was undertaken.

Objectives: Assessment of the knowledge, attitude and practices of the dental faculty towards Antibiotic stewardship program through a questionnaire study in Maharashtra.

Methodology: The dental faculty in dental institutes located in Maharashtra will be the study participants. The questionnaire will be sent to all the faculty members as an online questionnaire survey.

Expected Results: Evaluating the need of Implementation of antimicrobial stewardship program in institutions which will reduce the profuse use of unnecessary antibiotic prescription and improve the appropriateness of the antibiotic use by the dental health faculty working in a dental college without compromising the clinical patient outcome.

Conclusion: The present study will assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of the dental faculty towards Antibiotic stewardship program.
Phytochemical Screening and Hepatoprotective Potential of Sida cordata
Authors: Mistry Sunil
Published: September 2021

Sida cordata (Burn. f.) Borss. Waalk is highly distributed in entire part of India. The various parts of the plant are used in folklore medicine for the management of multiple diseases.  So,the present study was performed to examine the  hepatoprotective activity study of ethanolic extract of S. cordata leaves (SCLE) on alcohol mediated  hepatotoxicity in a rat model. Ethanol intoxicated rats showed noteworthy elevation of liver weight and volume. Further, ethanol insulted rats also showed significant elevation in the level of biochemical markers such as AST, ALT, TG, TB, and DB) and marked variation in the histological structure of liver. Oral administration of SCLE at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 30 days) significantly reduced the liver weight, hepatic markers level and restored the histological changes annoyed by ethanol thus indicating its hepatoprotective potential. Furthermore, HPTLC analysis was performed for the identification and quality estimation of S. cordata leaves.
Antioxidant Activity of Some Spices and Their Two Traditional Mixture Named Ras el Hanout Used in Northwestern of Algeria
Authors: Seladji Meryem , Khedim Fatima Zohra , Dib Hanane , Bendimerad Nassima
Published: September 2021

Aims: Our study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of ten spices in the composition of two spice blends named Ras el Hanout I and Ras el Hanout II. The spices studied are Alpinia officinarum, Cinnamomum cassia, Carum carvi, Coriandrum sativum, Cuminum cyminum, Curcuma domestica, Foeniculum vulgare, Piper cubeba, Piper nigrum, Zingiber officinale, mixtures were prepared well defined measures.

Place and of Study: Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biology, Abou Bekr Belkaïd University, Department of Biology, Tlemcen.

Methodology: The contents of polyphenols were determined by spectrophotometric techniques. The antioxidant activities were determined in vitro through trapping evaluation tests of the free radical DPPH and iron reduction (FRAP). The dried crude extracts of spices were prepared in a water-methanol mixture.

Results: Yields vary considerably from one spice to another with values ranging between 4.01% for Coriandrum sativum and 12.26% for Cuminum cyminum. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity by the scavenging of free radical DPPH and the iron reduction method (FRAP) showed that our extracts have an antioxidant potential. The extract of Cinnamomum cassia has better reducing capability of iron in comparison to all other spices and even compared with standard antioxidant ascorbic acid. Also, a stronger free radical scavenging activity was observed compared to that of ascorbic acid and BHA. On the other hand, the concentration which inhibits the 50% effect free radical DPPH is equal to 0.15±0.035 mg / mL for Ras el Hanout I and 0.51±0.07 mg / mL for Ras el Hanout II but which remains higher than that of 0.09±0.05mg /mL ascorbic acid.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that crude extracts of spices exhibit (individually and as a mix) significant antioxidant activity.
A Stability Indicating Novel UPLC-PDA Method for the Estimation in Bulk and Capsule Dosage form of Isavuconazole Effective for Mucormycosis Caused by COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Acharyya Suman , Abhik Si, , Kumar H. K. Sundeep
Published: September 2021

The present research provides a new proven ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic technique for isavuconazole in both bulk and capsule dosage forms. DIKMA Waters BEH C18(50 x 2.6mm, 1.7m) column was used for chromatographic separation. With the isocratic elution mode, a mixture phosphate buffer: methanol 40:60 v/v, was used as the mobile phase, and the eluent was measured at 253 nm using a UV detector. The strategy has been maintained and validated in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization Guidelines. Stressed deterioration has also been investigated in acidic, alkaline, peroxide, thermal, and photolytic conditions. Isavuconazole was eluted with the retention time 0.861 minute in this procedure. The calibration curve plots for isavuconazole were found to be linear within the concentration ranges of 1-25µg/mL. With a percentage recovery of 100.18 percent, the limit of detection was 0.025g/ml and the value for limit of quantification was 0.50µg/mL. In a force degradation analysis, the current approach was also determined to be stable. Based on the experiential evidence, the present method was found appropriate of isavuconazole estimation in the form of bulk and capsule.
Effects of Tamarindus indica Fruit Pulp Powder on Blood and Serum Profile of Fluorosed Rats
Authors: Meenu Kumari , Sharma J. D.
Published: September 2021

Aims: Water containing a fluoride concentration of up to 1.0 mg/L is safe. It was found that the level of fluoride in groundwater is higher than surface water, which may lead to various health problems related to fluorosis. T. indica fruit pulp powder may help to reduce fluorosis condition in rats.

Methods: In the present study, healthy adult rats of Wister strain (Rattus norvegicus) weighing between 180-200gm were used for experiments. The animal was divided into five groups. Group I, control rats received only tap water (0.9ppm F). Group II rats were treated with Tamarindus indica fruit pulp powder (4mg/day/rat) for 60 days. Group III rats were exposed to Fluoride water (100ppm F) for 60 days. Group IV treated with fluoride water (100ppm F) along with T. indica fruit pulp powder (4mg/day/rat) for 60 days. whereas, group V rats were ingested fluoride water (100ppm F) for 60 days and Withdrawal from treatment for 30 days. After respective treatment animals were autopsied and biochemical parameters of blood (erythrocyte and leukocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrits); serum (protein, glucose, cholesterol); serum enzyme activity of SGOT SGPT, Acid phosphatase, and serum fluoride and calcium level was estimated using standard techniques.

Results: Results revealed that total erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values were (P=.01) reduced significantly after rats were exposed to fluoride (100 ppm) water for 60 days. whereas total leucocyte count increased with fluoride (100ppm) water exposure for 60 days as compared to control values. The serum enzyme activity of SGOT, SGPT, and alkaline phosphate elevated significantly (P=.01), whereas enzyme activity of acid phosphatase diminished following fluoride water treatment to rats, as composed to control value. The level of serum fluoride enhanced significantly (P=.01) in fluorotic rats as compared to the control value. However, when fluorosed rats were treated with T. indica for 60 days restored all altered parameters almost to control value. Withdrawal of fluoride water for 30 days revealed that there is partial recovery in all parameters studied.

Conclusion: Fluoride water consumption increases free radical generation, limits enzyme activity, and results in altered hematological and blood biochemistry. Tamarindus indica pulp powder was found to be beneficial in mitigating fluoride toxicity in rats.
Anti-Cancer Activity of Andrographolide: A Review
Authors: Yerragunta Vishwanadham , Waghray Kavita , Shivraj . , Subhashini N. J. P.
Published: September 2021

Andrographolide, is a chemical compound obtained from the Andrographis paniculata (Family- Acanthaceae), maybe a diterpene lactone ring is responsible for various biological activities like anti-inflammation, anti-microbial anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-oxidant immunomodulatory, antiseptic, hypolipidemic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective effects and other biological activities. In Current research activities worldwide to exhibit the beneficial role of Andrographolide are continuously enriching the therapeutic arsenal of this important Phyto molecule. For this purpose, several databases were accustomed explore for the anticancer/cytotoxic effects of the andrographolide in pre-clinical and clinical studies. During this report, an attempt has been given to spotlight the research findings, related to therapeutic potentials and up-to-date development within the pharmacological activities of andrographolide. Andrographolide is often one of the potential agents within the treatment of cancer.
Rudimentary Pharmacological Inspection of the Ethanolic Extract of Grewia hirsute Vhal
Authors: Begum Mst Marium , Alim Mohammad Abdul , Ahmed Md. Razu , Mamun Abdullah Al , Das Munny , Begum Rayhana , Islam Azharul , Moni Md. Marufur Rahman , Alam Sumiya , Akter Wahida , Rahman Md. Sohanur
Published: September 2021

Background: Screening of plant kingdom for various pharmacologic activities with an aim of discovering new active constituents is a continuous process and a part of systemic analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-ulcer, and thrombolytic effects of the ethanolic extract of Grewia hirsuta Vahl. (EEGH) in different in vivo and in vitro paradigms in both Swiss Albino mice and Long Evans rats.

Materials and Methods: After an oral acute toxicity study, adult male mice and rats according to the testing procedure were treated with EEGH (200, 400, 2000 and 4000 mg/kg, p.o.) and (1000 mg/70kg B.W. p.o Metformin, 10 mg/70kg, B.W. p.o Simvastatin, and 30 mg/70kg, B.W. p.o Omeprazole), and subjected to three in vivo tests and one in vitro test according to various established testing protocol.

Results: After testing glucose tolerance test, for hypoglycemic activities, 400 mg/kg EEGH both in 6 weeks and 12 weeks exhibited moderate anti-diabetic effect (8.89 ± 0.09 and 8.12±0.28 mmol/L respectively). Additionally, combination therapy of both 400 mg/kg EEGH + Metformin revealed a substantial fall of sugar level from 16.78± 0.1 to 6.4 ± 0.04 mmol/L, confirming a sign of moderate potentiation. No lipid-lowering effect was observed in the timed-treatment procedure. In the anti-ulcer effect, n-butanol showed a comparable ulcer inhibition index (90.56%) compared to the standard Omeprazole inhibition index of 91%. Additionally, ethyl acetate fraction showed 62% and 66% clot lysis capacity by 200 and 400 mg/kg EEGH, whereas standard Streptokinase’s capacity was 80%. The EEGH showed notable anti-ulcer activities and moderate anti-diabetic and thrombolytic activities.

Conclusion: Results extend the current understanding of the impacts of Grewia hirsuta Vahl. on biological parameters and indicate that this plant might be promising for the management of diabetes mellitus, anticoagulant, and gastric ulcer disorders prominently.
Compare the Effect of Oral Pregabalin versus Oral Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Responses for Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation
Authors: Devanand J.
Published: September 2021

This study was done to assess the laryngoscopy and intubation responses of two drugs namely, Pregabalin 150mg and Clonidine 0.2mg. The drugs were orally administered 90 minutes prior to induction, as the peak action of both the drugs are known to be 1-2 hours after oral administration. Variation of heart rate changes decreases with increasing age. The selected age range was 18-60 years in our study.
The Perspective of General Practitioners about Mental Illness: A Cross-sectional Observational Study from a Tertiary Care Centre, Pakistan
Authors: Afridi Muhammad Iqbal , Dars Jawed Akbar , Lal Chooni , Kumar Rakesh , Sadia . , Rajper Ali Bux , Shaikh Ubedullah
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To assess the general practitioner's perspective on mental illness in a tertiary health care setting.

Study Setting and Duration: Online seminar in March 2020, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi.

Study Design: Cross-sectional, Observational study

Methodology: A total of 152 general practitioners were enrolled in the study. All house officers, psychiatric specialists, staff members, and patients were excluded from the study. An online survey instrument was used to collect data from general practitioners through social media. The questionnaire was related to the biodata of the physicians and their perspective on mental health disorders. Data was analyzed by using SPSS Version 26.

Results: A total of 152 general practitioners participated in the study. The mean age of participants was 39.76 (11.540) years. The majority of them were male and married with an average experience of 12.80 (10.90) years. According to the participants, the most common symptoms experienced by patients with mental disorders were loss of appetite, hopelessness, and the loss of interest in day to day activities. The majority of the doctors confessed they find the treatment and management of psychiatric illnesses the hardest. Most of the participants were aware of the diagnostic criteria used for common mental health disorders. Over a hundred (66.4%) participants considered mental health disorders to be a medical disorder while 16 (10.5%) assumed it is the possession by supernatural creatures. 65 (42.7%) of the doctors confessed that they would not feel comfortable having a coworker or befriending a person with a diagnosed mental health issue.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that general physicians had good knowledge about common mental illnesses; however they found the management of these patients difficult. Mental health awareness and training intervention tools are needed to help improve the perspective of health care professionals towards patients with suspected mental illnesses.
Functional Outcome of Distal End of Radius Fractures Treated With Volar Plating
Authors: Harish G.
Published: September 2021

In this study we evaluated the functional outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation of distal radius fractures by plate osteosynthesis in considering the parameters like radiological,clinical, and functional outcome in all types of fractures. There blood loss for volar locked plating cases was around 200ml. the pain after the surgery was present equally in all and responses was good to analegesics. It was observed that the plating distal radius is very effective in maintaining length in all types. Good alignment was observed in allmtype of fractures, in case of communited fractures as well. The early recovery and movement in the patients treated with volar locked plating gives a better outcome and good working capacity.
Ten Years ofGynandropsis gynandraResearch for Improvement of Nutrient‐Rich Leaf Consumption: Lessons Learnt and Way Forwards
Authors: Achigan‐Dako Enoch G. , Sogbohossou Dêêdi E.O. , Houdegbe Carlos A. , Salaou Mouizz A. , Sohindji Fernand S. , Blalogoe Jelila , Chataika Barthlomew Y. , Zohoungbogbo Herbaud F. , Adje Charlotte A.O. , Fassinou Hotegni Nicodème V. , Francisco Rachidi , Abukutsa‐Onyango Mary O. , Schranz M. Eric
Published: September 2021

This article reveals progress and gaps in spider plant (Gynandropsis gynandraSyn.Cleome gynandra) research to date. It synthesises the current knowledge in systematics and botany, geographical distribution, nutrient content, and health values as well as the agronomic practices related to the species. This article further presents the germplasm availability, status, and places of conservation around the world to exploit the extant genetic diversity for genomics‐assisted breeding and seed systems development. It describes how various parts of the plant have been used and the potential for economical revamping and further industrial valorisation. Nutrient content and phytochemical diversity across cultivation systems and geographical ranges and known health attributes were analysed to identify gaps and bottlenecks for fostering further investigations for industrial food and drug production.
Low‐Temperature Solution‐Processed Transparent QLED Using Inorganic Metal Oxide Carrier Transport Layers
Authors: Yu Yang , Liang You , Yong Jason , Li Tianzhi , Hossain Md Sharafat , Liu Yutong , Hu Yihong , Ganesan Kumaravelu , Skafidas Efstratios
Published: September 2021

Quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) represent an exciting new technology that has many desirable attributes when compared to existing organic LEDs (OLEDs) including increased brightness, contrast, and response time. Solution‐based fabrication approaches have the advantage of being able to produce large‐area electronic systems at reduced costs and critical in applications such as large display fabrication and electronics on curved surfaces including low‐profile augmented reality glasses. In this paper, for the first time, a fully solution‐processed transparent inorganic QLED is described. Traditional QLED fabrication methodologies require the use of air‐sensitive materials that make fabrication of these devices challenging and expensive. Instead of using air‐sensitive organic materials, in the approach, nickel oxide (NiO) is used as the hole transport layer and is deposited using a sol‐gel method. Copper doping of the NiO to reduce the turn‐on voltage of the QLED device is investigated. Importantly, the post‐annealing temperature of the sol‐gel process is below 275 °C, which permits the fabrication of QLEDs on a wide range of substrates. The experimental results are concordant with the COMSOL simulation data and demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating fully transparent inorganic QLED devices using a solution‐based process.
Fermi Velocity Modulation Induced Low‐Bias Negative Differential Resistance in Graphene Double Barrier Resonant Tunneling diode
Authors: Sattari‐Esfahlan Seyed Mehdi , Ilatikhameneh Hesameddin , Fouladi‐Oskouei Javad
Published: September 2021

Negative differential resistance (NDR) devices are adequate candidates for the functional devices applicable to the next‐generation integrated circuit technology so‐called “Beyond CMOS.” Here, a graphene velocity‐modulation‐barrier resonant‐tunneling diode operating at room temperature is proposed. The current–voltage characteristics of the device are analyzed using the non‐equilibrium Green's function technique. It is found that the Fermi velocity barrier in the well/barrier region manipulates the tunneling transmission probability by suppressing the Klein region and improving the resonant tunneling leading to NDR. For special values of velocity barriers, resonant states have maximum alignment with each other which increases peak current with a high peak to valley ratio (PVR). The width and the position of the NDR window are controlled and engineered by the device dimensions and the height of potential barriers. The smaller the device showed the better the NDR properties such as larger current density and maximum PVR. Taken together, the results reveal that adequate magnitude of the Fermi velocity in graphene barrier can be an impressive concept for the fabrication of emerging tunneling devices.
Responding to Covid‐19: A thematic analysis of students' perspectives on modified learning activities during an emergency transition to remote human anatomy education
Authors: McWatt Sean C.
Published: September 2021

In March 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) global pandemic forced many post‐secondary institutions to move their teaching online, which had a substantial impact on students enrolled in laboratory‐based courses in fields like human anatomy. This descriptive study collected students' perspectives on the transition to remote education, with specific attention to the teaching activities, resources, and assessments used in an undergraduate Clinical Human Visceral Anatomy course at McGill University. Through inductive semantic thematic analysis, student‐held values for effective remote education were identified and grouped into the following themes: (1) preferences for communication, (2) values for remote learning activities and resources, (3) values for remote assessment, and (4) perceived positive and negative impacts of remote education on learning. Students generally valued having clear communication, opportunities for both synchronous and asynchronous learning activities, and flexible assessment formats that maintained alignment with the course outcomes and activities. Many felt that remote education had a net‐negative impact on their learning, course satisfaction, and sense of community. However, there were no significant differences in grades on laboratory quizzes administered before and after the shutdown (P = 0.443), and grades on the remote final examination were significantly higher than those on the in‐person midterm examination (P < 0.001). These findings are discussed in the context of modern educational theories and practices related to remote teaching. Strategies for facilitating a student‐centered environment online are also proposed. Future longitudinal research into skill development, learning outcome attainment, and the evolving perspectives of students and instructors operating in remote education contexts is warranted.
How to Gain a Competitive Edge With a Smarter Approach to Board Diversity
Authors: Mantravadi Adarsh
Published: September 2021

Adarsh Mantravadi is general counsel and director of government strategy at OnBoard, an Indianapolis‐based provider of board management software solutions serving more than 2,000 organizations and their 12,000 boards and committees in 32 countries worldwide. In this article, he discusses a roadmap for enhancing board diversity that is based on differences in perspectives and life experiences, as opposed to skin color, gender, culture, or nationality, which often tend to guide such strategies.
Rarity facets of biodiversity: Integrating Zeta diversity and Dark diversity to understand the nature of commonness and rarity
Authors: Riva Federico , Mammola Stefano
Published: September 2021

Measuring commonness and rarity is pivotal to ecology and conservation. Zeta diversity, the average number of species shared by multiple sets of assemblages, and Dark diversity, the number of species that could occur in an assemblage but are missing, have been recently proposed to capture two aspects of the commonness‐rarity spectrum. Despite a shared focus on commonness and rarity, thus far, Zeta and Dark diversities have been assessed separately. Here, we review these two frameworks and suggest their integration into a unified paradigm of the “rarity facets of biodiversity.” This can be achieved by partitioning Alpha and Beta diversities into five components (the Zeta, Eta, Theta, Iota, and Kappa rarity facets) defined based on the commonness and rarity of species. Each facet is assessed in traditional and multiassemblage fashions to bridge conceptual differences between Dark diversity and Zeta diversity. We discuss applications of the rarity facets including comparing the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of rare and common species, or measuring species' prevalence in different facets as a metric of species rarity. The rarity facets integrate two emergent paradigms in biodiversity science to better understand the ecology of commonness and rarity, an important endeavor in a time of widespread changes in biodiversity across the Earth.
Expansion of woody vegetation on a Missouri River reservoir delta‐backwater
Authors: Beall Catherine C. , Dixon Mark D. , Illeperuma Nadeesha D. , Sweeney Mark R. , Johnson W. Carter
Published: September 2021

Construction of dams in the mid‐20th century reduced channel dynamism, sediment transport, and regeneration of riparian trees on the Missouri River. Opportunities for forest regeneration, however, may occur where the Missouri River or tributaries deposit sediments in reservoir headwaters, forming deltaic and associated upstream backwater areas. One such delta‐backwater occurs at the confluence of the Niobrara and Missouri rivers upstream from Lewis and Clark Lake in southeastern South Dakota and northeastern Nebraska. We investigated spatiotemporal patterns of tree recruitment through vegetation sampling in 2017–2018, dendrochronology, and analysis of aerial photography from 2006 to 2016. We sampled woody vegetation in 47 plots and took tree‐ring samples from one to two trees within each plot to determine establishment dates. Woody vegetation was dominated by Populus deltoides (cottonwood) and Salix amygdaloides (peachleaf willow) in the tree layer and Salix interior (sandbar willow) in the shrub layer. Tree establishment occurred primarily in 2010–2012 and was distributed throughout the study area, including at the delta‐reservoir interface. LiDAR data showed that most of the delta‐backwater experienced a 0.5‐m increase in elevation in 2005–2011, a period that included high flows in 2010 on the Niobrara River and 2011 on the Missouri River. Woody vegetation decreased 8% from 2006 to 2012, but doubled from 2012 to 2016, colonizing areas of previous sandbar and herbaceous vegetation. These woodlands represent early successional habitat that is in decline elsewhere along the river. Understanding vegetation dynamics within reservoir delta‐backwaters may be vital for forecasting changes in regulated riverine landscapes, assessing biodiversity values of these ecosystems, and informing sustainable reservoir management.
Confirmation of infantile spasms resolution by prolonged outpatient EEGs
Authors: Yuskaitis Christopher J. , Mysak Kate , Godlewski Brianna , Zhang Bo , Harini Chellamani
Published: September 2021

Objective

There is no consensus on the type or duration of the posttreatment EEG needed for assessing treatment response for infantile spasms (IS). We assessed whether outpatient electroencephalograms (EEGs) are sufficient to confirm infantile spasms (IS) treatment response.

Methods

Three‐year retrospective review identified new‐onset IS patients. Only presumed responder to IS treatment at 2 weeks with a prolonged (>90 minutes) outpatient EEG to assess treatment response and at least 3‐month follow‐up were included. Hypsarrhythmia, electroclinical spasms, and sleep were evaluated for the first hour and for the duration of the EEG.

Results

We included 37 consecutive patients with new‐onset IS and presumed clinical response at 2 weeks posttreatment. Follow‐up outpatient prolonged EEGs (median: 150 minutes, range: 90‐240 minutes) were obtained 14 days (IQR: 13‐17) after treatment initiation. EEGs detected ongoing IS in 11 of 37 (30%) presumed early responders. Prolonged outpatient EEG had a sensitivity of 85% (confidence interval [CI] 55%‐98%) for detecting treatment failure. When hypsarrhythmia and/or electroclinical spasms were not seen, EEG had a negative predictive value 92% (CI: 75%‐99%) for confirming continued IS resolution. Outpatient EEG combined with clinical assessment, however, identified all treatment failures at 2 weeks. Compared with the entire prolonged EEG, the first‐hour recording missed IS in 45% (5/11). While sleep was captured in 95% (35/37) of the full EEG recording, the first hour of recording captured sleep in only 54% (20/37).

Significance

Infantile spasms treatment response can be confirmed with a clinical history of spasm freedom and an outpatient prolonged EEG without evidence for ongoing spasms (hypsarrhythmia/electroclinical spams on EEG). Outpatient prolonged EEG, but not routine EEGs, represents an alternative to inpatient long‐term monitoring for IS posttreatment EEG follow‐up.
Spatial channel correlation for local scattering with linear MMSE‐based estimator and detector in multi‐cell large scale MU‐MIMO networks
Authors: A. Alammari Amr , Sharique Mohd
Published: September 2021

Scalable Multi‐antenna systems are designed to gain improvement in energy and spectral efficiency under different propagation conditions by equipping the BSs with hundreds or even more antennas. A better understanding of such systems leads to overcome the essential challenges, which is important for the beneficial deployment in future networks. In wireless communication systems, channel models describe the main characteristics of the propagation environment and are essential for systems performance evaluation. This article considers a multi‐cell large scale multiuser MIMO (LS‐MU‐MIMO) system with a physical correlated channel model and linear‐based MMSE estimator and detector. A physical local scattering geometric‐based stochastic channel model for dense urban and suburban scenarios is presented in this article to illustrate the impact of propagation environment on signal transmission in a general framework of antenna spatial correlation. Also, a pilot signaling‐based channel estimation in the uplink scenario, the effect of pilot contamination (PC), and spatial correlation on the channel estimation are studied. The effect of PC and channel estimation on the performance of LS‐MU‐MIMO system is investigated by applying MMSE‐based channel estimator and detector over uniform linear arrays (ULA) of BS antennas in different scattering environments. Moreover, different pilot reuse patterns are considered, and their impact on the average sum SE has been investigated. The simulation results show that LS‐MU‐MIMO system can provide higher performance for dense urban scenarios where the user terminals (UTs) have limited mobility and higher coherence time than suburban scenarios. Furthermore, while higher spatial correlation will result in improvement in the channel estimation quality, it contributes imperfectly to the channel hardening effect.
Investigation of asymmetric wall temperature and concentration on free convection of conducting fluid in a microchannel
Authors: Pattnaik J. R. , Mishra S. R. , Ali Bagh , Pattnaik P. K.
Published: September 2021

It is of great practical interest to study the fluid flow phenomena using buoyancy‐induced flow in a microchannel. The present problem is concerned with the natural convection in a vertical microchannel within electrically nonconducting surfaces with asymmetric wall temperature and concentration distributions. The interplay of velocity slip, temperature, and concentration jump at the walls contribute to salient features of the analysis. The governing equations of the fully developed flow are solved analytically as well as numerically. The results of both methods are in good agreement, providing the consistency and reliability of the applied numerical method. The striking outcome of the present study is that temperature, as well as concentration jump conditions at the walls, lead to flow reversal and non‐laminarity distributions of the induced current intensity and magnetic field. The higher rarefaction parameter, which ascribes the microchannel flow characteristics, prevents the growth of negative current intensity, whereas it favors the growth of velocity with induced magnetization.
Soluble CD127 potentiates IL‐7 activity in vivo in healthy mice
Authors: Aloufi Nawaf A. , Ali Alaa K. , Burke Schinkel Stephanie C. , Molyer Bengisu , Barros Priscila O. , McBane Joanne E. , Lee Seung‐Hwan , Angel Jonathan B.
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Soluble forms of cytokine receptors can be involved in the endogenous regulation of cytokine activity. Soluble interleukin 7 receptor α (sCD127) naturally binds IL‐7, therefore there is interest in its potential application as an immunotherapeutic agent to regulate IL‐7. With the hypothesis that sCD127 enhances IL‐7 activity, thus promoting T‐cell proliferation in vivo, we sought to assess the effect of sCD127, IL‐7 or IL‐7 + sCD127 treatment on CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cells in the blood and spleen of mice.

Methods

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and splenocytes were prepared, and analyzed for T‐cell number, phenotype and proliferation (Ki67+) by flow cytometry.

Results

IL‐7 treatment induced T‐cell proliferation, increased T‐cell number, and triggered T‐cell differentiation each of which was enhanced with the addition of sCD127. IL‐7 + sCD127 treatment significantly increased spleen weight over that seen with IL‐7 treatment alone. More pronounced proliferation and a greater increase in cell number was observed in CD8+ T‐cells relative to the effect on CD4+ T‐cells.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the addition of sCD127 enhances IL‐7‐mediated T‐cell proliferation and suggests a potential therapeutic use for sCD127.
Expanding health insurance for the elderly of the Philippines
Authors: Abrigo Michael R.M. , Halliday Timothy J. , Molina Teresa
Published: September 2021

This paper evaluates a Filipino policy that expanded health insurance coverage of its senior citizens, aged 60 and older, in 2014. We employ an instrumental variables estimator in which the first stage is a difference‐in‐differences specification that exploits the age discontinuity at age 60, along with data from before and after the policy. First stage results show the expansion increased insurance coverage by approximately 16 percentage points. The compliers, those induced by the policy to obtain insurance, were disproportionately female and largely from the middle of the socioeconomic distribution. Second stage regressions indicate that out‐of‐pocket medical expenditures more than doubled among the compliers. We argue that this is most likely driven by an outward shift in the medical demand curve.
AR/VR Coverage Highlights Technical Progress
Authors: Lu Lu
Published: September 2021

Roving reporter Lu Lu covers AR/VR‐related topics at Display Week 2021 and highlights the ongoing progress in this area of displays.
DW 2021 Demonstrates Promising Direct‐View Display Technologies and Materials
Authors: Werner Ken
Published: September 2021

Exciting range of technical papers elevates this year's virtual conference.
Strain rate effects on thermoplastic composites with mechanical interlocking
Authors: Kothari Anmol , Choi Hongseok , Zhao Huijuan , Joseph Paul , Li Gang
Published: September 2021

Fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites are limited due to poor interfacial bonding between the nonpolar/nonreactive polymer matrix and fiber surface. Recently, a concept of controlled mechanical interlocking between fiber and matrix surface was proposed to improve the interfacial bonding in fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites. Study results show promising performance of the approach under static loading conditions. In this work, we study the effect of strain rate on the interfacial bonding behavior under dynamic loading conditions. A parametric study of the strain rate effect is performed for which different surface microarchitectures of a glass/polypropylene composite system are considered. A three network model is implemented for modeling mechanical behavior of polymer, which is calibrated using a set of stress–strain curves experimentally obtained at various strain rates. The strength calculations address both polymer fracture and detachment of the polymer matrix from the anchoring sites. The results show that under the strain rates ranging from 2 × 10−4/s to 2 × 10−1/s, even without any interfacial friction or adhesion, the interfacial shear strength could achieve close to 70% of the theoretical strength of perfect matrix‐fiber bonding. It is observed that, while strain rate has appreciable effects on the fiber/matrix interfacial strength and can cause change of failure mode in some cases; its influence also depends on the geometry of the anchoring sites. Moreover, there is an optimal geometric configuration at which maximum failure strength is achieved. Graphic charts showing the dependency of interfacial strength on the strain rate and geometric configuration parameters are obtained.
Machine Learning Accelerated, High Throughput, Multi‐Objective Optimization of Multiprincipal Element Alloys
Authors: Guo Tian , Wu Lianping , Li Teng
Published: September 2021

Multiprincipal element alloys (MPEAs) have gained surging interest due to their exceptional properties unprecedented in traditional alloys. However, identifying an MPEA with desired properties from a huge compositional space via a cost‐effective design remains a grand challenge. To address this challenge, the authors present a highly efficient design strategy of MPEAs through a coherent integration of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, machine learning (ML) algorithms, and genetic algorithm (GA). The ML model can be effectively trained from 54 MD simulations to predict the stiffness and critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) of CoNiCrFeMn alloys with a relative error of 2.77% and 2.17%, respectively, with a 12 600‐fold reduction of computation time. Furthermore, by combining the highly efficient ML model and a multi‐objective GA, one can predict 100 optimal compositions of CoNiCrFeMn alloys with simultaneous high stiffness and CRSS, as verified by 100 000 ML‐accelerated predictions. The highly efficient and precise design strategy can be readily adapted to identify MPEAs of other principal elements and thus substantially accelerate the discovery of other high‐performance MPEA materials.
Development and Challenges of Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Modules
Authors: Cheng Yuanhang , Peng Yong , Jen Alex K.-Y. , Yip Hin-Lap
Published: September 2021

Metal halide perovskites are considered as game changers for future solar cell technology due to their rapidly increasing device efficiencies and potential for manufacturing at low cost. In view of their promising commercial potential, increasing research efforts are now dedicated to the development of large‐area perovskite solar modules. Herein, the motivation for developing perovskite solar modules and the challenges to fabricate large‐area perovskite solar cells with high efficiency are discussed. The important thin‐film processing methods including solution‐based and vacuum‐based deposition technologies for scaling up the fabrication of perovskites are reviewed. In addition, other key challenges that need to be overcome to bring perovskite solar modules into photovoltaic (PV) markets are also discussed, including module stability, potential lead leakage issue, and outdoor field testing of the perovskite modules. Finally, opinions on the future development of perovskite PV modules are shared.
Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Pachauri Saroj , Pachauri Ash , Mittal Komal
Published: September 2021

Men who have sex with men (MSM) are men who engage in sexual activity with members of the same sex, regardless of how they identify themselves. In India, same-sex behavior and relations tend to be much more fluid. These men may identify as gay, homosexual, bisexual, heterosexual, or may dispense with sexual identity altogether.
The Way Forward
Authors: Pachauri Saroj , Pachauri Ash , Mittal Komal
Published: September 2021

The field of self-care interventions is new, fast moving, and multi-disciplinary. There is a need to explore the way ahead in advancing the field so that self-care forms an integral part of health programs. In order to move this agenda forward, a comprehensive strategy is needed. This includes training health professionals on SRHR self-care interventions; providing education to potential clients; making self-care technologies available and accessible to potential users; promoting the use of digital and online resources to accelerate self-care; and providing research-based evidence for the formulation of policies and programs.
Relevance of Candidatus Nitrotoga for nitrite oxidation in technical nitrogen removal systems
Authors: Spieck Eva , Wegen Simone , Keuter Sabine
Published: September 2021

Many biotechnological applications deal with nitrification, one of the main steps of the global nitrogen cycle. The biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and further to nitrate is critical to avoid environmental damage and its functioning has to be retained even under adverse conditions. Bacteria performing the second reaction, oxidation of nitrite to nitrate, are fastidious microorganisms that are highly sensitive against disturbances. One important finding with relevance for nitrogen removal systems was the discovery of the mainly cold-adapted Cand. Nitrotoga, whose activity seems to be essential for the recovery of nitrite oxidation in wastewater treatment plants at low temperatures, e.g., during cold seasons. Several new strains of this genus have been recently described and ecophysiologically characterized including genome analyses. With increasing diversity, also mesophilic Cand. Nitrotoga representatives have been detected in activated sludge. This review summarizes the natural distribution and driving forces defining niche separation in artificial nitrification systems. Further critical aspects for the competition with Nitrospira and Nitrobacter are discussed. Knowledge about the physiological capacities and limits of Cand. Nitrotoga can help to define physico-chemical parameters for example in reactor systems that need to be run at low temperatures.

Key points

• Characterization of the psychrotolerant nitrite oxidizer Cand. Nitrotoga

• Comparison of the physiological features of Cand. Nitrotoga with those of other NOB

• Identification of beneficial environmental/operational parameters for proliferation
Modelling and prevention of meshing interference in gear skiving of internal gears
Authors: Hilligardt Andreas , Klose Jan , Gerstenmeyer Michael , Schulze Volker
Published: September 2021

Gear skiving is a highly productive process for machining of internal gears which are required in large quantity for electric mobility transmissions. Due to the complex kinematics of gear skiving, collisions of the tool and workpiece can occur during the process. Models exist to check for collisions of the tool shank or collisions in the tool run-out. While these models are sufficient for the process design of external gear skiving, at internal gears meshing interferences between tool and workpiece can appear outside the contact plane on the clearance face of the tool. To test for meshing interference requires comprehensive assessment of workpiece, tool and process kinematics. Currently, this is often done by time consuming CAD-simulation. In contrast, this paper presents an automated geometrical model for the analysis of meshing interference. The test for collisions is thereby performed along the whole height of the tool and especially includes constructive clearance angles and eccentric tool positions. The model is developed for user-friendly implementation and practical applications. The model for avoiding meshing interference in gear skiving is validated on two different process applications. In doing so, influences of the tool and process design on the interference situation are investigated, compared and discussed. Furthermore this new approach enables the prevention of meshing interference or tooth tip collisions in the early tool design by adjusting the process kinematics or the tool design itself. The maximal viable tool height can be quantified and recommendations for improving the clearance face situation are suggested.
Minimum friction losses in wind turbine gearboxes
Authors: Pedrero José I. , Martínez-López Débora , Calvo-Irisarri José , Pleguezuelos Miguel , Sánchez Miryam B. , Fernández-Sisón Alfredo
Published: September 2021

Improving the mechanical efficiency is not the most important objective in the design of wind turbine gearboxes since the available wind energy is abundant and costless. The most important criteria for dimensioning the gearbox are the fatigue strength—bending and pitting—, noise emission, vibrations, and maintenance requirements. Nevertheless, mechanical losses increase the lubricant temperature and induce thermal stresses, which increases wear and cracking risk. This means that friction losses should be reduced as much as possible, but always regarding the contact and tooth-root stress levels, as well as the other operating parameters which should be kept for ensuring the required operating conditions.

In this paper, a study on the variation of the friction losses with the tooth shift coefficients is presented. All the other geometrical parameters—number of teeth, tooth height, pressure angle, helix angle, face width, and center distance—are unalterable, since all of them have been chosen according to more important design requirements. In addition, to keep the contact and tooth-root stress levels, the shift coefficients of the sun, planets and ring are calculated in such a way that the transverse contact ratios are kept, and therefore the critical load points for bending and pitting are also unchanged. The radial clearance is also kept in order to allow the proper evacuation of the lubricant. Finally, all the geometrical constraints (undercut, pointing, root interference, secondary interference, backlash) are also imposed. With all these restrictions, the optimal shift coefficients for all the gears are calculated to minimize the friction losses.
Depressive symptoms in patients with epilepsy and clinically associated features in a single tertiary center
Authors: Vacca Mariacarolina , Fernandes Mariana , Spanetta Matteo , Placidi Fabio , Izzi Francesca , Lombardo Caterina , Mercuri Nicola Biagio , Liguori Claudio
Published: September 2021

Although depressive symptoms are the most common psychiatric comorbidity in epilepsy, they remain underestimated and untreated in a large proportion of patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate depression severity and related clinical features in people with epilepsy using a well-reliable self-report index of mood, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). One-hundred seventeen adult patients with epilepsy were recruited from a tertiary epilepsy center and completed the BDI-II. A single-item analysis of the 21 questions of the BDI-II was computed and differences between women and men in each depressive symptom were evaluated. Correlation and regression analyses were used to identify clinical features associated with the severity of depression. Results showed gender differences in some items, with women reporting overall higher depression severity than men. The most common symptoms regarded domains of sleeping patterns, tiredness, and loss of energy. Regression evidence suggested that being female, having an epilepsy duration < 10 years, as well as being treated with psychotropic drugs and reporting generalized seizure, were associated with higher depression severity. Despite its cross-sectional nature, this study reinforces the importance of investigating and possibly treating depressive symptoms in adult patients with epilepsy, since they negatively impact well-being, daytime activities, and sleep. Further studies identifying pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for depression in epilepsy need to be planned.
The Early Development of Passive Treatment Systems for Mining-Influenced Water: A North American Perspective
Authors: Kleinmann Bob , Skousen Jeff , Wildeman Tom , Hedin Bob , Nairn Bob , Gusek Jim
Published: September 2021

This paper reviews the early history (first 20 years) of passive treatment of mine water, from its beginnings, when it was viewed as a possible way to treat small flows of circumneutral and mildly acidic coal mine drainage, to its use for much larger flows and more contaminated mine water from metal mines. The original concepts of passive treatment have since been modified and used successfully to treat a wide range of mine water quality and quantities, far more than we would have believed possible.