bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraction and isolation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Citrus limon peel using an in vitro method
Authors: Liu Chunming , Hou Wanchao , Li Sainan , Tsao Rong
Published: January 2020

A simple and efficient ultrafiltration–liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry–based method was developed for the rapid screening and identification of ligands from Citrus limon peel, which are suitable acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Subsequently, the anti‐Alzheimer's activity of these compounds was assessed using a PC12 cell model. Six major compounds, viz. neoeriocitrin, isonaringin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, and limonin, were identified as potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. A continuous and efficient online method, which involved the use of a microwave‐assisted extraction device, solvent concentration tank, and centrifugal partition chromatography column, was developed for the scale‐up of these compounds, and the obtained compounds presented high purity. Next, their bioactivity was evaluated using a PC12 cell model. This novel approach, which was based on ultrafiltration–liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, microwave‐assisted extraction online coupled with solvent concentration tank, and centrifugal partition chromatography along with in vitro evaluation, could represent a powerful tool for the screening and extraction of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from complex matrices, and could be a useful platform for the large‐scale production of bioactive and nutraceutical ingredients.
Similar Bird Communities Across Grazing Systems in the Nebraska Sandhills
Authors: Sliwinski Maggi S. , Powell Larkin A. , Schacht Walter H.
Published: January 2020

Much of the remaining native rangeland in the Great Plains in the United States is privately owned and managed for beef production, and this single priority for land use may be contributing to declining avian biodiversity through a loss of structural heterogeneity. One proposed solution is to use multiple grazing systems across ranches, under the assumption that this approach will increase heterogeneity of vegetation structure and avian diversity across the landscape. We tested the relationship between grazing systems and avian diversity in the Nebraska Sandhills during 2014 and 2015 on a landscape that included 11 management units containing 5 different grazing systems. We used multivariate models to examine the relationship of bird diversity and communities to grazing systems at the management unit scale, and we used simulations to combine empirical data from ≥1 grazing system into virtual landscapes to test the hypothesis that multiple grazing systems would result in greater heterogeneity. The 5 most common avian species made up 84% of observations (28 species), and songbird richness was 5–6 species/7.06 ha at 53% of our plots. Variation in each of the diversity measures (Shannon diversity range = 0.41–2.2, Simpson's diversity range = 0.24–0.88) was best explained by the previous dormant season's stocking rate, and richness declined by about 1 species/plot with an increase in 1 animal unit month (AUM)/ha. Songbird community structure showed the most variance between management unit, but grazing system explained little community variation. None of the simulated landscapes consistently had greater structural heterogeneity of visual obstruction reading, litter depth, and cover of bare ground than others, and there was a limited level of heterogeneity overall in the simulated landscapes. In contrast to our predictions, a variety of grazing systems did not increase heterogeneity of vegetation structure across the landscape. Thus, conservation practitioners should encourage the use of other strategies to create structural heterogeneity, such as prescribed fires and extreme stocking rates, which will support a diverse grassland songbird community (i.e., a greater variety of bird species) across the landscape. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Long‐Term Survival and Harvest of Resident Canada Geese in Virginia
Authors: Ladin Zachary S. , Costanzo Gary , Lewis Benjamin , Williams Christopher K.
Published: January 2020

Resident populations of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) are of particular management interest throughout the eastern United States given increased human‐wildlife conflicts due to regional increases in the Atlantic Flyway Resident Population. Within Virginia, USA, growth rates of resident goose populations have been reduced through extended harvest seasons and increased bag limits. Our objective was to investigate spatiotemporal patterns in survival rates and harvest rates of resident geese in Virginia over the past 25 years. We estimated annual survival, recovery, and harvest rates using mark‐recapture data from 1990–2015 for individuals that were banded as resident birds during summer throughout the state. We tested for differences in annual survival probability and harvest rates of resident geese banded and recovered in 3 distinct goose hunt zones: the Atlantic, Southern James Bay, and Western hunt zones, each of which had different hunting regulations. We also tested for differences in survival and harvest rates between individuals banded in rural or urban sampling locations, and between age classes (i.e., after hatch‐year or hatch‐year). In general, survival rates of resident geese over the past 25 years in Virginia are declining. Differences in survival among the 3 goose hunt zones also suggests that current harvest management strategies have reduced survival rates of resident geese. Upon closer examination, we found differences in survival among zones, with resident geese in the Atlantic and Southern James Bay hunt zones showing more negative declines compared to resident geese in the Western zone. Resident geese banded in rural areas had higher survival than urban‐banded geese. We also investigated the effects of sampling effort on survival estimates and found no difference in survival estimates among groups when using 75%, 50%, 25%, or 5% of the data randomly sampled from the full data set, suggesting that banding efforts of resident geese could be reduced and continue to inform adaptive management strategies for these populations throughout Virginia. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
A global questionnaire survey of the scholarly communication attitudes and behaviours of early career researchers
Authors: Nicholas David , Jamali Hamid R. , Herman Eti , Watkinson Anthony , Abrizah Abdullah , Rodríguez‐Bravo Blanca , Boukacem‐Zeghmouri Cherifa , Xu Jie , Świgoń Marzena , Polezhaeva Tatiana
Published: January 2020

This article describes an international study informed by a 3‐year‐long qualitative longitudinal project, which sought to discover the scholarly communication attitudes and behaviour of early career researchers (ECRs). Using a combination of small‐scale interviews and a larger‐scale survey, ECRs were questioned on their searching and reading behaviour, publishing practices, open data, and their use of social media. Questionnaire invitations were sent out via publisher lists, social media networks, university research networks, and specialist ECR membership organizations. One‐thousand and six‐hundred responses were received, with many coming from China, Russia, and Poland. Results showed that ECRs are adopting millennial‐facing tools/platforms, with Google, Google Scholar, social media, and smartphones becoming embedded in their scholarly activities. Open data sharing obtains widespread support but somewhat less practice. There are some differences in attitudes and behaviour according to age and subject specialism.
Building, scaling, and sustaining a learning health system for surgical quality improvement: A toolkit
Authors: Krapohl Greta L. , Hemmila Mark R. , Hendren Samantha , Bishop Kathy , Rogers Rhonda , Rocker Cheryl , Fasbinder Laurie , Englesbe Michael J. , Vu Joceline V. , Campbell Darrell A.
Published: January 2020

This article describes how to start, replicate, scale, and sustain a learning health system for quality improvement, based on the experience of the Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative (MSQC). The key components to operationalize a successful collaborative improvement infrastructure and the features of a learning health system are explained. This information is designed to guide others who desire to implement quality improvement interventions across a regional network of hospitals using a collaborative approach. A toolkit is provided (under Supporting Information) with practical information for implementation.
Coordination‐Insertion Copolymerization of Norbornene and p‐Substituted Styrenes Using Anilinonaphthoquinone‐Ligated Nickel Complexes
Authors: Chowdhury Samiul Islam , Tanaka Ryo , Nakayama Yuushou , Shiono Takeshi
Published: January 2020

Coordination‐insertion copolymerization of norbornene (N) and p‐substituted styrene (XS) (X = MeO, Me F, Cl, and Br) is carried out using anilinonaphthoquinone‐ligated nickel complexes [Ni(C10H5O2NAr)(Ph)(PPh3): 1a, Ar = C6H3‐2,6‐iPr; 1b, Ar = C6H2‐2,4,6‐Me; 1c, Ar = C6H5] with modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) as a cocatalyst. The ligand of the nickel complex affects the catalytic activity. The effect of the p‐substituent on the activity is remarkable and the activity decreases in the following order, Br > Cl > F > Me > MeO. The molecular weight of the produced polymer also decreases with the same order. The activity increases with raising the temperature from 0 to 70 °C accompanied by the decrease in the molecular weight of the produced polymers. The incorporation of XS determined by 1H and 13C NMR decreases in the following order, MeO ≥ Me > F > Cl > Br. The glass transition temperatures of the N/XS copolymers determined by differential scanning calorimetry show a broad range from 120 to 365 °C according to the XS content.
Pre‐Stretched Double Network Polymer Films Based on Agarose and Polyacrylamide with Sensitive Humidity‐Responsive Deformation, Shape Memory, and Self‐Healing Properties
Authors: Zhang Yao , Zhou Shuaifeng , Zhang Lidong , Yan Qiwen , Mao Lina , Wu Yiqian , Huang Wei
Published: January 2020

A series of pre‐stretched double network (DN) polymer films based on agarose and polyacrylamide (Agar/PAM) are prepared. These films show the rapid and large deformation in response to humidity due to the release of contraction stress. The pre‐stretched dry film can curl toward the humidity direction into a scroll‐like structure in an extremely short time. The deformation direction can be also well controlled by the stretching direction. The released contraction stress increases with the increase of tensile strain. The DN Agar/PAM hydrogel film shows good water‐induced shape memory effect. It can be stretched to form various temporary shapes such as circle, square, and spiral. The shape fixing and recovery ratios are both close to 100%. The released large contraction stress accelerates the shape recovery process. The recovery time increases with the increase of film thickness. The DN dry film shows the good water‐induced self‐healing ability. The healed film maintains about 88% tensile strength (103 MPa) of the original film. Due to these good properties, the pre‐stretched DN dry films can be fabricated into a soft robot jack which can easily lift up to ≈20 times its own weight within 8 s.
Almost global existence of nonlinear wave equations without compact support in two dimensions
Authors: Yuan Meng , Xu Wendi
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we consider 2‐D nonlinear wave equations with small initial data of noncompact support when the quadratic terms of the nonlinearity satisfy the null conditions but the cubic ones do not. Due to the blow‐up result for the corresponding problem with the initial data of compact support, which was first obtained by S. Alinhac (The null condition for quasilinear wave equations in two space dimensions II. Amer. J. Math, 123 [2001], no. 6, 1071‐1101), this means that it is impossible to prove the global solvability in time in general. Therefore, in this case, what we can expect is to obtain the same lower bound of the lifespan as in Alinhac's work. That is, we also show the almost global existence, and the lower bound of the lifespan is
for sufficiently small
and some constant
. To achieve this goal, the methods we adopt are the “ghost weight” technique and the modified weighted
‐
estimates of the solutions to the linear wave equations. In addition, an alternative proof of the global existence is given for a similar case in three dimensions, using only the
‐
estimates of the “good derivatives.”
Automated design for a hybrid lumped and distributed dual‐band stub using aggressive space mapping
Authors: Gong Jian‐Qiang , Wang Yu‐Hao , Zhang Chao‐Qun
Published: January 2020

A dual‐band stub (DBS) in a hybrid lumped and distributed configuration is presented in this paper, which comprises one lumped kernel circuit unit cell (KCUC) centered between two uniform transmission lines. Image parameter theory is imposed to extract the DBS phase and impedance bandwidth properties. An odd‐even mode resonant frequency ratio is defined, capable of determining all the DBS element values as well as regulating the DBS size and its second working bandwidth. By converting the lumped KCUC into a quasi‐lumped microstrip topology, a purely planar DBS is automatically implemented by employing the aggressive space mapping (ASM). Through the customized ASM process, the finalized DBS dimensions can be generated within just a few full‐wave simulations. The relatively high accuracy and efficiency of the ASM are affirmed by comparing its performance to those of the traditional direct optimization algorithms. As an example, a DBS with WLAN dual frequencies and extended bandwidth is designed and fabricated. The measured results agree well with the simulated results, justifying the DBS properties and its ad hoc ASM optimization technique.
Green shoots but deep roots: New antibodies in small fiber neuropathy
Authors: Tiwana Harmanpreet K. , Lawson Victoria H.
Published: January 2020

See article on pages 512–515 in this issue.
New Directions in the Conceptualization and Assessment of Personality—A Dynamic Systems Approach
Authors: Sosnowska Joanna , Kuppens Peter , De Fruyt Filip , Hofmans Joeri
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we demonstrate how an integrative approach to personality—one that combines within–person and between–person differences—can be achieved by drawing on the principles of dynamic systems theory. The dynamic systems perspective has the potential to reconcile both the stable and dynamic aspect of personality, it allows including different levels of analysis (i.e. traits and states), and it can account for regulatory mechanisms, as well as dynamic interactions between the elements of the system, and changes over time. While all of these features are obviously appealing, implementing a dynamic systems approach to personality is challenging. It requires new conceptual models, specific longitudinal research designs, and complex data analytical methods. In response to these issues, the first part of our paper discusses the Personality Dynamics model, a model that integrates the dynamic systems principles in a relatively straightforward way. Second, we review associated methodological and statistical tools that allow empirically testing the PersDyn model. Finally, the model and associated methodological and statistical tools are illustrated using an experience sampling methodology data set measuring Big Five personality states in 59 participants ( N = 1916 repeated measurements). © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology
Power performance and thermal operation of organic photovoltaic modules in real operating conditions
Authors: Bardizza Giorgio , Salis Elena , Toledo Carlos , Dunlop Ewan D.
Published: January 2020

Printed organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have moved beyond the research laboratory phase and have demonstrated their suitability to be upscaled for industrial manufacture. The improved efficiencies and increased lifetime testify the potential for this technology to compete with crystalline silicon–based technologies under some operating conditions. There are companies capable of producing large‐area OPV modules for outdoor installation. Examples of solar cell production on an industrial scale for energy production have been shown in the last 5 years. In this work, we present the performance data of a large‐area OPV module under operating conditions representative for real outdoor operation. This study focuses on the analysis of the thermal behavior of the module and shows how its performance can be affected by the temperatures it can reach outdoor under natural sunlight. A comparison of outdoor measurements with indoor data measured under simulated sunlight at several temperature‐irradiance combinations is also presented.
Comparative analysis of two catastrophic hazardous chemical accidents in China
Authors: Wang Jianhao , Fu Gui , Yan Mingwei
Published: January 2020

On March 21, 2019, a serious explosion of hazardous chemicals occurred in Tianjiayi Company located in Xiangshui Chemical Industry Park in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China. Seventy‐eight people were killed and 716 were injured. It is the most severe accident since the globally recognized fire and explosion at a hazardous chemical warehouse in Tianjin Port, Tianjin, China in 2015. According to the preliminary analysis of the Yancheng accident and the review of previous studies about the Tianjin Port accident, there are similarities regarding the process of the two accidents. Therefore, in addition to reporting the investigation results of the Yancheng accident, an important aim of this work is to focus on the brief comparative analysis between it and the Tianjin Port accident. The comparisons were mainly conducted according to the basic information of the events, triggers and processes, individual factors, organizational management factors, external regulatory factors, and then the differences and similarities between the two accidents are summarized. Thus, useful lessons in the aspects of the storage and management of hazardous chemicals, safety training and accident learning, implementation of safety management system, government supervision, and so on, can be drawn to avoid similar mistakes within the industry.
Star anise (Illicium verum): Chemical compounds, antiviral properties, and clinical relevance
Authors: Patra Jayanta Kumar , Das Gitishree , Bose Sankhadip , Banerjee Sabyasachi , Vishnuprasad Chethala N. , del Pilar Rodriguez‐Torres Maria , Shin Han‐Seung
Published: January 2020

Medicinal herbs are one of the imperative sources of drugs all over the world. Star anise (Illicium verum), an evergreen, medium‐sized tree with star‐shaped fruit, is an important herb with wide distribution throughout southwestern parts of the Asian continent. Besides its use as spice in culinary, star anise is one of the vital ingredients of the Chinese medicinal herbs and is widely known for its antiviral effects. It is also the source of the precursor molecule, shikimic acid, which is used in the manufacture of oseltamivir (Tamiflu®), an antiviral medication for influenza A and influenza B. Besides, several other molecules with numerous biological benefits including the antiviral effects have been reported from the same plant. Except the antiviral potential, star anise possesses a number of other potentials such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anthelmintic, insecticidal, secretolytic, antinociceptive, anti‐inflammatory, gastroprotective, sedative properties, expectorant and spasmolytic, and estrogenic effects. This review aimed to integrate the information on the customary attributes of the plant star anise with a specific prominence on its antiviral properties and the phytochemical constituents along with its clinical aptness.
Different Enhancement Mechanisms of the Anodizing Al‐Doped or Sn‐Coupled Ti3SiC2 for the Photoelectrochemical Performance
Authors: Yin Hongfeng , Wang Zhiwei , Tang Yun , Chourashiya Muralidhar , Li Xiuting , Yuan Hudie , Yan Nan , Ren Xiaohu
Published: January 2020

TiO2‐based photoanodes are very well known for their photoresponse performance, however, their inability to work in the visible range is still a challenge. To tackle this issue, Al‐doped or Sn‐coupled Ti3SiC2 (Al‐TSC or Sn‐TSC) is fabricated via a hot‐press sintering technique, and the anodized Al‐TSC or Sn‐TSC is abbreviated as Al‐ATSC or Sn‐ATSC. The Al‐ATSC or Sn‐ATSC with optimized doping content of Al or Sn corresponding to a superior photocurrent of 137.24 μA cm−2 or 126.76 μA cm−2 which is 18 or 16 times higher than that of the anodized Ti3SiC2 (ATSC) (7.6 μA cm−2) respectively. The capacitance for Al‐ATSC or Sn‐ATSC samples can be improved in the presence of visible light illumination. Enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) mechanism for Al‐ATSC is that generated defects in Al doped TiO2 (Al‐TiO2) improve the visible light absorption capacity, for Sn‐ATSC is the suppressed recombination of hole‐electron pairs by the coupling effect of SnO2/TiO2.
A Novel Way to Enhance the Thermoelectric Efficiency of Carbon Nanotube through Cobaltocene‐decamethyl Cobaltocene Encapsulation
Authors: Koley Sayantanu , Sen Sabyasachi , Chakrabarti Swapan
Published: January 2020

Herein, we report a novel way to enhance the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of carbon nanotube (CNT) by a factor as large as of 103. Our non‐equilibrium Green's function based density functional theory study on a (17, 0) CNT proved that such a huge change in the ZT of CNT is possible when the symmetry of the material is broken by a combination of cobaltocene and decamethyl cobaltocene encapsulation. The calculations also indicate that pristine carbon nanotube, which is a p‐type thermoelectric material, turns into an n‐type material upon such encapsulation. The detail analyses reveal that the reason behind this remarkable enhancement of ZT is mainly attributed to the sharp rise in the electrical conductance of cobaltocene moiety encapsulated CNT with respect to pristine CNT. We have noticed that symmetry breaking has resulted in the removal of degeneracy of HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital), HOMO‐1 and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital), LUMO+1 which eventually leads to a significant decrease in the HOMO‐LUMO gap of the system and subsequently a 400 times increase in the overall electrical conductance of the thermoelectric device.
A Biomimetic Tumor Model of Heterogeneous Invasion in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bradney Michael J. , Venis Stephanie M. , Yang Yi , Konieczny Stephen F. , Han Bumsoo
Published: January 2020

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a complex, heterogeneous, and genetically unstable disease. Its tumor microenvironment (TME) is complicated by heterogeneous cancer cell populations and strong desmoplastic stroma. This complex and heterogeneous environment makes it challenging to discover and validate unique therapeutic targets. Reliable and relevant in vitro PDAC tumor models can significantly advance the understanding of the PDAC TME and may enable the discovery and validation of novel drug targets. In this study, an engineered tumor model is developed to mimic the PDAC TME. This biomimetic model, named ductal tumor‐microenvironment‐on‐chip (dT‐MOC), permits analysis and experimentation on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and local invasion with intratumoral heterogeneity. This dT‐MOC is a microfluidic platform where a duct of murine genetically engineered pancreatic cancer cells is embedded within a collagen matrix. The cancer cells used carry two of the three mutations of KRAS, CDKN2A, and TP53, which are key driver mutations of human PDAC. The intratumoral heterogeneity is mimicked by co‐culturing these cancer cells. Using the dT‐MOC model, heterogeneous invasion characteristics, and response to transforming growth factor‐beta1 are studied. A mechanism of EMT and local invasion caused by the interaction between heterogeneous cancer cell populations is proposed.
High‐Efficiency Low‐Temperature‐Processed Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells from SnO2 Nanorod Self‐Assembled Microspheres
Authors: Song Jing , Li Guodong , Wang Deng , Sun Weihai , Wu Jihuai , Lan Zhang
Published: January 2020

Mesoporous scaffolds in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can accelerate the formation of heterogeneous nucleation sites, leading to enhanced quality of perovskite films and uniform perovskite coverage over large areas. Nevertheless, the mesoporous electron transport layers (ETLs) can effectively compensate for the drawback of shorter electron diffusion lengths than their hole counterparts. Therefore, most mesoscopic PSCs usually show superior photovoltaic performance to their planar counterparts. However, mesoporous ETLs, particularly those prepared with metal oxide nanocrystals, often require a high‐temperature sintering process for the removal of residual organics and the improved crystallization of metal oxides. Here, a novel emulsion‐based bottom‐up self‐assembly strategy is used to prepare sizable SnO2 microspheres from oleic acid capped SnO2 nanorods. Combined with an in‐situ ligand‐stripping strategy, the low‐temperature solution‐processed mesoscopic PSCs can achieve efficiency as high as 21.35% with slight hysteresis and good reproducibility. In particular, the emulsion‐based bottom‐up self‐assembly strategy is a general way for preparing microspheres from several kinds of semiconductor nanocrystals, so it will greatly expand the material selection range for preparing efficient mesoscopic PSCs and even inverted mesoscopic devices.
Textile reinforced concrete for sustainable structures: Future perspectives and application to a prototype pavilion
Authors: Valeri Patrick , Guaita Patricia , Baur Raffael , Fernández Ruiz Miguel , Fernández‐Ordóñez David , Muttoni Aurelio
Published: January 2020

Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) is a cementitious‐based material where reinforcement consists of high‐strength noncorrosive textile fabrics. Due to the use of a noncorrosive reinforcement, cover requirements can be limited to minimum static values and the amount of clinker in the cement can also be notably reduced. In addition, the simplicity to arrange the fabrics in complex formworks makes the material suited for thin shells or folded structures (typically with thicknesses ranging 10–20 mm). Due to the savings in material and to the lower amounts of clinker used for its production, TRC has a higher sustainable potential than conventional reinforced concrete, with a significantly lower CO2 footprint. To encourage an extensive use of TRC in practice, several topics need however further development. They comprise aspects related to the material and structural response of TRC, but also to the design and to the possibilities to integrate TRC within the architecture and building‐physics. In the present research, results of a 4‐year research program on TRC performed by researchers in civil engineering and architecture are presented. The response of the material is first investigated in tension, bending, and shear. On this basis, considerations on the potential of TRC for construction are drawn and an example of application is presented with the construction of a full‐scale pavilion entirely in TRC.
First prospective clinical evaluation of feasibility and patient acceptance of magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy in Germany
Authors: Klüter Sebastian , Katayama Sonja , Spindeldreier C. Katharina , Koerber Stefan A. , Major Gerald , Alber Markus , Akbaba Sati , Debus Jürgen , Hörner-Rieber Juliane
Published: January 2020

Purpose

Magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) has recently been introduced in our institution. As MRgRT requires high patient compliance compared to conventional techniques and can be associated with prolonged treatment times, feasibility and patient tolerance were prospectively assessed using patient-reported outcome questionnaires (PRO-Q).

Materials and methods

Forty-three patients were enrolled in a prospective observational study and treated with MRgRT on a low-field hybrid Magnetic Resonance Linear Accelerator system (MR-Linac) between April 2018 and April 2019. For assistance in gated breath-hold delivery using cine-MRI, a video feedback system was installed. PRO-Qs consisted of questions on MR-related complaints and also assessed aspects of active patient participation.

Results

The most commonly treated anatomic sites were nodal metastases and liver lesions. The mean treatment time was 34 min with a mean beam-on time of 2:17 min. Gated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) was applied in 47% of all patients. Overall, patients scored MRgRT as positive or at least tolerable in the PRO‑Q. Almost two thirds of patients (65%) complained about at least one item of the PRO‑Q (score ≥4), mainly concerning coldness, paresthesia, and uncomfortable positioning. All patients reported high levels of satisfaction with their active role using the video feedback system in breath-hold delivery.

Conclusion

MRgRT was successfully implemented in our clinic and well tolerated by all patients, despite MR-related complaints and complaints about uncomfortable immobilization. Prospective clinical studies are in development for further evaluation of MRgRT and for quantification of the benefit of MR-guided on-table adaptive radiotherapy.
Beta‐Blocker Therapy in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Khalili Hosseinali , Ahl Rebecka , Paydar Shahram , Sjolin Gabriel , Cao Yang , Abdolrahimzadeh Fard Hossein , Niakan Amin , Hanna Kamil , Joseph Bellal , Mohseni Shahin
Published: January 2020

Background

Observational studies have demonstrated improved outcomes in TBI patients receiving in‐hospital beta‐blockers. The aim of this study is to conduct a randomized controlled trial examining the effect of beta‐blockers on outcomes in TBI patients.

Methods

Adult patients with severe TBI (intracranial AIS ≥ 3) were included in the study. Hemodynamically stable patients at 24 h after injury were randomized to receive either 20 mg propranolol orally every 12 h up to 10 days or until discharge (BB+) or no propranolol (BB−). Outcomes of interest were in‐hospital mortality and Glasgow Outcome Scale‐Extended (GOS‐E) score on discharge and at 6‐month follow‐up. Subgroup analysis including only isolated severe TBI (intracranial AIS ≥ 3 with extracranial AIS ≤ 2) was carried out. Poisson regression models were used.

Results

Two hundred nineteen randomized patients of whom 45% received BB were analyzed. There were no significant demographic or clinical differences between BB+ and BB− cohorts. No significant difference in in‐hospital mortality (adj. IRR 0.6 [95% CI 0.3–1.4], p = 0.2) or long‐term functional outcome was measured between the cohorts (p = 0.3). One hundred fifty‐four patients suffered isolated severe TBI of whom 44% received BB. The BB+ group had significantly lower mortality relative to the BB− group (18.6% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.012). On regression analysis, propranolol had a significant protective effect on in‐hospital mortality (adj. IRR 0.32, p = 0.04) and functional outcome at 6‐month follow‐up (GOS‐E ≥ 5 adj. IRR 1.2, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

Propranolol decreases in‐hospital mortality and improves long‐term functional outcome in isolated severe TBI. This randomized trial speaks in favor of routine administration of beta‐blocker therapy as part of a standardized neurointensive care protocol.

Level of evidence

Level II; therapeutic.

Study type

Therapeutic study.
Higher doses of loop diuretics limit uptitration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction
Authors: ter Maaten Jozine M. , Martens Pieter , Damman Kevin , Dickstein Kenneth , Ponikowski Piotr , Lang Chim C. , Ng Leong L. , Anker Stefan D. , Samani Nilesh J. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Cleland John G. , Zannad Faiez , Hillege Hans L. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Metra Marco , Voors Adriaan A. , Mullens Wilfried
Published: January 2020

Background

Loop diuretics are frequently prescribed to patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) for the treatment of congestion; however, they might hamper uptitration of inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system.

Methods

Loop diuretic dose at baseline was recorded in 2338 patients with HFrEF enrolled in BIOSTAT-CHF, an international study of HF patients on loop diuretic therapy who were eligible for uptitration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)/mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA). The association between loop diuretic dose and uptitration of ACEi/MRA to percentage of target dose was adjusted for a previously published model for likelihood of uptitration and a propensity score.

Results

Baseline median loop diuretic dose was 40 [40–100] mg of furosemide or equivalent. Higher doses of loop diuretics were associated with higher NYHA class and higher levels of NT-proBNP, more severe signs and symptoms of congestion, more frequent MRA use, and lower doses of ACEi reached at 3 and 9 months (all P < 0.01). After propensity adjustment, higher doses of loop diuretics remained significantly associated with poorer uptitration of ACEi (Beta per log doubling of loop diuretic dose: − 1.66, P = 0.021), but not with uptitration of MRAs (P = 0.758). Higher doses of loop diuretics were independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality or HF hospitalization [HR per doubling of loop diuretic dose: 1.06 (1.01–1.12), P = 0.021].

Conclusions

Higher doses of loop diuretics limited uptitration of ACEi in patients with HFrEF and were associated with a higher risk of death and/or HF hospitalization, independent of their lower likelihood of uptitration and higher baseline risk.

Graphic abstract

This figure was created with images adapted from Servier Medical Art licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0
Slab break-offs in the Alpine subduction zone
Authors: Kästle Emanuel D. , Rosenberg Claudio , Boschi Lapo , Bellahsen Nicolas , Meier Thomas , El-Sharkawy Amr
Published: January 2020

After the onset of plate collision in the Alps, at 32–34 Ma, the deep structure of the orogen is inferred to have changed dramatically: European plate break-offs in various places of the Alpine arc, as well as a possible reversal of subduction polarity in the eastern Alps have been proposed. We review different high-resolution tomographic studies of the upper mantle and combine shear- and body-wave models to assess the most reliable geometries of the slabs. Several hypotheses for the tectonic evolution are presented and tested against the tomographic model interpretations and constraints from geologic and geodetic observations. We favor the interpretation of a recent European slab break-off under the western Alps. In the eastern Alps, we review three published scenarios for the subduction structure and propose a fourth one to reconcile the results from tomography and geology. We suggest that the fast slab anomalies are mainly due to European subduction; Adriatic subduction plays no or only a minor role along the Tauern window sections, possibly increasing towards the Dinarides. The apparent northward dip of the slab under the eastern Alps may be caused by imaging a combination of Adriatic slab, from the Dinaric subduction system, and a deeper lying European one, as well as by an overturned, retreating European slab.
Surgery of the amygdala and uncus: a case series of glioneuronal tumors
Authors: Vivas Andrew C. , Reintjes Stephen , Shimony Nir , Vale Fernando L.
Published: January 2020

Background

Patients with a lesion within the amygdala and uncus may develop temporal lobe epilepsy despite having functional mesial structures. Resection of functional hippocampus and surrounding structures may lead to unacceptable iatrogenic deficits. To our knowledge, there is limited descriptions of surgical techniques for selectively resecting the amygdala and uncus lesions while preserving the hippocampus in patients with language-dominant temporal lobe pathology.

Methods

Thirteen patients with language-dominant temporal lobe epilepsy related to amygdala-centric lesions were identified. Patients with sclerosis of the mesial structures or evidence of pathology outside of the amygdala-uncus region were excluded. Neuropsychological evaluation confirmed normal function of the mesial structures ipsilateral to the lesion. All patients were worked up with video-EEG, high-resolution brain MRI, neuro-psychology evaluation, and either Wada or functional MRI testing.

Results

All patients underwent selective resection of the lesion including amygdala and uncus with preservation of the hippocampus via a transcortical inferior temporal gyrus approach to the mesial temporal lobe. Pathology was compatible with glioneuronal tumors. Post-operative MRI demonstrated complete resection in all patients. Eight of the thirteen patients underwent post-operative neuropsychology evaluations and did not demonstrate any significant decline in tasks of delayed verbal recall or visual memory based on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). One patient showed a slight decrease in confrontation naming using the Boston Naming Test (BNT). Seizure freedom (Engel class I) was achieved in 12 of 13 patients.

Conclusion

Selective transcortical amygdala and uncus resection with hippocampus preservation may be a reasonable way to achieve seizure control while sparing functional mesial structures.
Economic Crisis, Poor Governance and the Rise of Populism: The Case of Greece
Authors: Halikiopoulou Daphne
Published: January 2020

Whereas across Western Europe, the salience of an emerging cultural cleavage has triggered the rise of right-wing populist parties that focus on immigration, in Greece the salience of the materialist cleavage exacerbated by the country’s severe and protracted economic crisis gave rise to populist forces of both the right and the left.
A Simple HPLC–UV Approach for Rapid Enantioseparation of Cathinones, Pyrovalerones and Other Novel Psychoactive Substances on a 2.5-µm Cellulose Tris-(3,5-dimethylphenyl-carbamate) Column
Authors: Hägele Johannes S. , Seibert Elisabeth , Schmid Martin G.
Published: January 2020

The misuse of so called novel psychoactive substances is still a challenging problem worldwide. A special attribute of a lot of these compounds is a chiral centre enabling two possible enantiomers probably related to different pharmacological and toxicological properties. The goal of the present study was to present a simple and isocratic HPLC–UV method for enantioseparation of mainly cathinone and pyrovalerone derivatives as well as selected representatives of amphetamines, ketamines, benzofuries, phenidines, phenidates, morpholines and thiophenes. A Waters Acquity UPC2® Trefoil™ CEL1 2.5 µm, 3.0 × 150 mm column served as chiral stationary phase by means of cellulose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) as chiral selector. Mobile phases consisted either of n-hexane/n-butanol/diethylamine (100:0.3:0.2) or n-hexane/diethylamine (100:0.2). The method was found to be applicable for rapid simultaneous chiral separations of cathinone derivatives, to determine enantiomeric elution orders, to detect positional isomers and to identify real-life samples. Also, a repeatability study was performed successfully. 78 out of 95 compounds were separated in their enantiomers successfully, 51 of them within 6 min. It was shown that all NPS bought from online vendors or seized by police were traded as racemic mixtures.
Autonomous ballistic airdrop of objects from a small fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Mathisen Siri Gulaker , Leira Frederik Stendahl , Helgesen Håkon Hagen , Gryte Kristoffer , Johansen Tor Arne
Published: January 2020

Autonomous airdrop is a useful basic operation for a fixed-wing unmanned aerial system. Being able to deliver an object to a known target position extends operational range without risking human lives, but is still limited to known delivery locations. If the fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle delivering the object could also recognize its target, the system would take one step further in the direction of autonomy. This paper presents a closed-loop autonomous delivery system that uses machine vision to identify a target marked with a distinct colour, calculates the geographical coordinates of the target location and plans a path to a release point, where it delivers the object. Experimental results present a visual target estimator with a mean error distance of 3.4 m and objects delivered with a mean error distance of 5.5 m.
Theoretical Modeling of High-Resolution X-ray Spectra Emitted by Tungsten and Molybdenum Ions from Tokamak Plasmas
Authors: Syrocki Ł. , Słabkowska K. , Węder E. , Polasik M. , Rzadkiewicz J.
Published: January 2020

In order to allow the advanced interpretation of the X-ray spectra registered by the high-resolution crystal KX1 spectrometer on the JET with an ITER-like wall, especially to determine how the relative emission contributions of tungsten and molybdenum ions change during a JET discharge, the X-ray spectra have been carefully modeled over a narrow wavelength range. The simulations have been done in the framework of Collisional–Radiative model implemented in Flexible Atomic Code for an electron density (ne = 2.5 × 1019 m−3), and electron temperatures between Te = 3.0 keV and Te = 4.5 keV, typical for JET. Moreover, performed detailed analysis in the framework of the proposed procedure can be useful in determining temperature of a high temperature plasma generated in tokamaks.
The role of TP53 gain-of-function mutation in multifocal glioblastoma
Authors: Olafson Lauren R. , Gunawardena Manuri , Nixdorf Sheri , McDonald Kerrie L. , Rapkins Robert W.
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The phenotypic and genotypic landscapes in multifocal glioblastoma (MF GBM) cases can vary greatly among lesions. In a MF GBM patient, the rapid development of a secondary lesion was investigated to determine if a unique genetic signature could account for the apparent increased malignancy of this lesion.

Methods

The primary (G52) and secondary (G53) tumours were resected to develop patient derived models followed by functional assays and multiplatform molecular profiling.

Results

Molecular profiling revealed G52 was wild-type for TP53 while G53 presented with a TP53 missense mutation. Functional studies demonstrated increased proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation in G53.

Conclusion

This data suggests that the TP53 mutation led to gain-of-function phenotypes and resulted in greater overall oncogenic potential of G53.
Mental Health Needs of an Emerging Latino Community
Authors: Bucay-Harari Linda , Page Kathleen R. , Krawczyk Noa , Robles Yvonne P. , Castillo-Salgado Carlos
Published: January 2020

Over the last decade, Baltimore has become a non-traditional sanctuary city, receiving an unprecedented influx of Latino immigrants, mostly from Central America’s Northern Triangle, who are often fleeing violence in their home countries. This study explored the nature and frequency of healthcare utilization for mental health problems among uninsured/uninsurable Latinos who received outpatient care between 2012 and 2015 through an academic hospital-affiliated program that covers primary and specialty services to uninsured patients without regard to documentation status. Encounters for mental health disorders were the most common category, accounting for 14.88% of all visits. Mood (78%) and anxiety disorders (16%) were the most prevalent mental health diagnoses. The most frequent reason to seek care was symptom, signs, and ill-defined conditions (37.47%), and within this subgroup, pain was the leading cause of seeking care (88%), which may indicate high rates of somatization of mental health distress. This study presents a unique opportunity to explore the burden and nature of mental health needs among a population for which healthcare information is rarely attainable and highlights the need for culturally competent screening mechanisms and interventions to address the stressors faced by emergent communities.
Depression and Disordered Gaming: Does Culture Matter?
Authors: O’Farrell Dominic Lloyd , Baynes Kyi-Lyn , M. Pontes Halley , D. Griffiths Mark , Stavropoulos Vasileios
Published: January 2020

The dearth of evidence related to cultural and gender variations of established associations between Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and other psychopathologies has been highlighted. Accordingly, the present study examined the association between depression and disordered gaming behaviors, while considering cultural perspectives of vertical individualism (independence and hierarchy) and gender as potentially variating factors. To achieve this, an ethnically diverse online sample of internet gamers from multicultural societies (N = 1032; Australia = 738; 71.5%; USA = 222; 21.5%; other multicultural countries = 72; 13.3%; Mage = 24 years; males = 503 [48.7%], females = 529 [51.3%]) completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short-Form (IGDS9-SF); the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Individualism and Collectivism Scale (ICS). Regression, moderation and moderated moderation analyses were conducted. Results demonstrated that gamers presenting concurrently with symptoms of depression and vertically individualistic inclinations reported higher levels of disordered gaming behaviors, with no significant gender differences. The findings obtained imply that practitioners globally, and especially in multicultural societies (e.g., Australia, USA), should consider cultural differences when developing prevention and intervention strategies for disordered gaming.
Augmentation of haptic feedback for teleoperated robotic surgery
Authors: Schleer Philipp , Kaiser Philipp , Drobinsky Sergey , Radermacher Klaus
Published: January 2020

Purpose

A frequently mentioned lack of teleoperated surgical robots is the lack of haptic feedback. Haptics are not only able to mirror force information from the situs, but also to provide spatial guidance according to a surgical plan. However, superposition of the two haptic information can lead to overlapping and masking of the feedback and guidance forces. This study investigates different approaches toward a combination of both information and investigates effects on system usability.

Methods

Preliminary studies are conducted to define parameters for two main experiments. The two main experiments constitute simulated surgical interventions where haptic guidance as well as haptic feedback provide information for the surgeon. The first main experiment considers drilling for pedicle screw placements, while the second main experiment refers to three-dimensional milling tasks such as during partial knee replacements or craniectomies. For both experiments, different guidance modes in combination with haptic feedback are evaluated regarding effectiveness (e.g., distance to target depth), efficiency and user satisfaction (e.g., detectability of discrepancies in case of technical guidance error).

Results

Regarding pedicle screw placements a combination of a peripheral visual signal and a vibration constitutes a good compromise regarding distance to target depth and detectability of discrepancies. For milling tasks, trajectory guidance is able to improve efficiency and user satisfaction (e.g., perceived workload), while boundary constraints improve effectiveness. If, assistance cannot be offered in all degrees of freedom (e.g., craniectomies), a visual substitution of the haptic force feedback shows the best results, though participants prefer using haptic force feedback.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that in case haptic feedback and haptic assistance are combined appropriately, benefits of both haptic modalities can be exploited. Thereby, capabilities of the human–machine system are improved compared to usage of exclusively one of the haptic information.