bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf, Stem and Root Extracts of Hemidesmus indicus Against Aquatic Pathogens
Authors: Nisha Chandran , Rosmin Thomas , Preethi Sivashanmugam , Vasanthi Joseph Pawlin
Published: January 2023

The present study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of Hemidesmus indicus against aquatic pathogens. Hemidesmus indicus is a twining shrub with lactiferous branches that produces numerous bioactive compounds. Plant parts are commonly used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases. A comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Hexane, Ethyl acetate, Ethanol and water extracts of leaf, stem ad root of the Hemidesmus indicus was tested against the aquatic pathogens including bacteria and fungi by standard agar well diffusion method. The results indicated that all the plant parts exhibited varying degrees of antimicrobial properties. However, among the selected parts the highest antimicrobial property was shown by root against the bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae (16 mm), Streptococcus iniae (12 mm), Aeromonas hydrophila (20 mm), Vibrio cholera (21 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19 mm), and the fungus Aspergillus niger (19 mm) and Candida albicans (15 mm). Whereas the ethyl acetate fractions of the leaf showed maximum inhibitory activity against aquatic pathogens next to the root and the aqueous extract of the stem exhibited strong inhibition against Vibrio cholera. The study confirmed that the ethyl acetate extract of the Hemidesmus indicus root has high antibacterial activity against fish pathogens meanwhile the ethanol extract exhibited high antifungal activity. The present investigation confirmed the efficacy of Hemidesmus indicus as a natural alternative to synthetic antibiotics making promising contributions to the field of drug discovery and tremendous scope in the field of aquaculture.
Impact of Climatic Change on Respiratory Health
Authors: Rajkumar Jain , Priya Aryama , Bhumika Chauhan , Monica Misra , Tanushri Saxena
Published: January 2023

Threatening effects of climate change are widely visible to the entire population. Though known to all, its adversity is understood only by a handful. With this study, we aimed to broaden its reach. Aiming at creating a louder voice of climate change, we wish to enlighten people about the adverse health effects it has in store for us. While reasons and results may be innumerable, yet precautions are few. Innumerable unknown repercussions have been approximated as well. Naturally occurring gases like carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and black carbon cause air pollution which aggravates allergenicity of plants causing earlier and longer pollen seasons. This worsens the situation for people already prone to asthma, allergens and other respiratory tract infections. Additionally, climate changes can exacerbate the issue evermore. Though the effects are perceptible, the reasons and cures are still being studied extensively.
Comparative Study on Effect of Pesticides and Vermicompost on the Growth of Eisenia foetida
Authors: Ruchi Agrawal , Akash Varshney
Published: January 2023

Earthworms are important soil invertebrates and play an important role in improving soil quality. They act as nature´s best fertilizers and have beneficial role in the process of vermicomposting which is very useful in crop production. The Indiscrete use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides poses a threat to soil quality, crop production and also hampered the growth of earthworms. In the present study the impact of pesticides and vermicompost in potato crops field and on Eisenia foetida was evaluated. The study aimed to understand the effect of chemical and biological fertilizers on the life table attributes of earthworm, Eisenia foetida. Laboratory adapted Eisenia foetida were reared on artificial soil supplemented with chemical fertilizers and vermicompost. Changes in number and biomass of Eisenia foetida were monitored four times in various applications of pesticides and in vermicompost. Four pesticides that are commonly used in potato crops are Chlorpyrifos, Malathion, Carbofuran and Cypermethrin. Thus, the negative impact of these pesticides on Eisenia foetida and Potato crops has been reported when compared to the control (Vermicompost). The effect of Pesticides was noted in following order: Chlorpyrifos ˃ Malathion ˃ Cabofuran ˃ Cypermethrin. Application of Chlorpyrifos to the potato crop field harboring earthworms reduced the number of earthworms from 200 in the control group to 20 after 60 days of the application. The effect was more pronounced on the total biomass of the culture owing to the high toxicity of Chlorpyrifos. The Pesticides treatment decreased the percent survival of the earthworms by 70% and 40%, respectively. The number and biomass of Earthworm decreased on increasing the application of pesticides thus, reduces crop production. On the other hand, the vermicompost had a positive effect on the earthworm’s biology.
Efficacy of Yoga Practices on Biochemical Variable Among Type 2 Diabetic Middle-Aged Women
Authors: Vijayakumari J.  , Punita P.  , Elangovan R.
Published: January 2023

This is an experimental research based on random group sampling between thirty-five to forty-five years of age. The middle-aged women suffering from type 2 diabetic are identified based on their feedback in the questionnaire designed for selection purposes. Selected 120 middle aged type 2 diabetic women were further screened, and 30 middle aged women were selected for the treatment depending upon the diabetic level. The selected middle-aged type 2 diabetic women were further divided into two groups -- experimental (Group A) and control (Group B) each containing 15 diabetic women. For twelve weeks, the Group A was given with yoga practices, one hour for six days from 6-7 a.m. weekly. The Group B was dynamic in rest. For both group A and group B, the pre-and post-test was taken on biochemical variable (fasting blood sugar) were determined. Examination of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to find out the substantial changes within two groups. The consequence of the review showed that fasting blood glucose level was reduced in Group A than the Group B due to practices of yoga.
Synthesis, Spectral Characterization In Vitro Biological and Pharmacokinetics Studies of Biologically Active Copper and Zinc Metal Chelates with 4-Mercaptoaniline and Nitrite Ion
Authors: Sudhakar P.  , Rajasekar K.  , Chakkaravarthy P.  , Selvarani R.  , Veeravel C.  , Narashimhavarman S.
Published: January 2023

Copper and zinc metal chelates were synthesized with 4-mercaptoaniniline and nitrite ion using microwave irradiation which is one of the eco-friendly techniques with less reaction time high yield, no hazardous waste, and economic. The prepared metal chelates were structurally characterized based on microanalysis, metal estimation, conductance, nuclear magnetic resonance, electronic spectra, IR and Far-IR, EPR, and powder X-ray diffraction studies. Mononuclear tetragonal geometry of copper complex and square planar geometry of Zn(II) complex was confirmed by the microanalysis, metal estimation, and spectral studies. The neutral nature of the complexes was confirmed by the low molar conductance values. The crystal nature of zinc metal chelate was also confirmed by the XRD data. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the 4-mercaptoaniline and metal chelates were carried out by the Agar disc diffusion method with the bacterial strains Bacillus, Streptococci, Shigella, and fungal strain Candida albicans. The results indicated that the complexes are more potent against bacterial and fungal strains. The pharmacokinetics studies were computed by using Swiss ADME software to predict the lipophilicity, pharmacokinetics, and drug likeliness of the complexes.
Analyzing the Quality and Stability of Ground Water for Irrigation and Human Use in Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India, Using a Hydrological Technique
Authors: Vahith R. Abdul , Sajitha I.  , Sirajudeen J.  , Ahamath J. Muneer , S.S. Syed Abuthahir , Mahadir A. Mohamed
Published: January 2023

The physicochemical properties of groundwater were studied by collecting and analysing samples from several sites in and around the Salem region. Thirty samples of groundwater were taken at random from both open wells and borewells. The water quality metrics pH, EC, TDS, Cl-, Bi, SO4 2-, Si, Fe, Al, Ca++, Mg++, and Na+ were used to evaluate the groundwater in the Salem area. Different locations in the Salem area provided information on the quality of the groundwater in the month of October, 2021. The WHO and BIS criteria were used to evaluate the groundwater's viability as a source of drinking water and irrigation. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Water Quality Index (WQI), Piper diagram, and Wilcox's categorization were used in the assessment of the water quality. Piper's trilinear diagram was used to determine the impact of anions and cations. Almost all the study regions have questionable groundwater quality during the winter months, making it unsuitable for use in irrigation.
Biochemical and Behavioral Changes in Mulberry Silkworm Larvae Fed Micronutrient-Enhanced Mulberry Leaves
Authors: I.S. Chakrapani , Indira A. Priyadarsini , Suresh S.  , Lalitha CH. Kumari , Anita N.
Published: January 2023

Larvae from a PMxCSR hybrid of the insect pest Bombyx mori L. are being fed mulberry leaves and micronutrients to see how they fare. We conducted a field experiment with twelve different treatments (T0-T11) including control (T0) group that received different amounts of each micronutrient. Twenty B. mori early instar larvae/replication stages were given mulberry leaves, twice a day (morning and evening) throughout their fourth and fifth instars. Compared to the control group (4th and 5th instars), treatment T9 (4 kg/ha of ZnSO4 + 3 kg/ha of FeSO4 + 3 kg/ha of CuSO4) increased food intake and absorption by up to 31.56 and 22.98%, respectively (4th and 5th instar, respectively). In comparison to T10 (4 kg/ha of CuSO4 + 3 kg/ha of FeSO4 + 3 kg/ha of ZnSO4), T11 (1:1:1 kg/ha of CuSO4, FeSO4 and ZnSO4) exhibited a growth of 94.95 and a tissue growth efficiency of 65.67. A longer larval period (7.93±1.16 days) was seen in the T1 (FeSO4 10 kg/ha alone) group compared to the control group (T0). In T9, the larvae grew by 50.0% in length and breadth and 18.0 and 18.51% in length and width, respectively. Maximum chawki larval weight increased by 16.78 and 29.44%, and T9 had the largest silk gland at 2.14±0.05 g.
The Role of p-Coumaric Acid on Reproductive and Remote Organ Damages Created by Adnexal Torsion/Detorsion: Biochemical and Immunohistochemical A Study
Authors: TANYELİ Ayhan , EKİNCİ AKDEMİR Fazile Nur , ERASLAN Ersen , GÜLER Mustafa Can , NACAR Tuncer , ÇOMAKLI Selim , GÜLÇİN İlhami
Published: January 2023

Objective: We planned to search the effects of p-coumaric acid on ovary and lung injuries formed via bilateral adnexal torsion detorsion (T/D) in experimental rat model.
Methods: 24 female, Sprague-Dawley rats were sorted out as 3 groups. Design of the groups was performed as sham (group I) and T/D (group II), p-coumaric acid+T/D (group III) groups. Sham group; abdomen area was applied incision and repaired with no T/D model application. T/D group; 3 h of torsion phase completed and then 3 h of detorsion stage was established. P-coumaric acid+T/D group; p-coumaric acid was administered at the dose of 100 mg/kg for 15 days by oral gavage and then, T/D model was performed. Following detorsion phase, rats were sacrificed, lung and ovarian tissues were excised for biochemical and immunohistochemical evaluations.
Results: When it is compared to group I, oxidant parameters elevated significantly in group II (p<0.05) while the activity of antioxidant enzymes and TAS level decreased. On the other side, antioxidant enzyme activity raised and oxidant parameter levels diminished in group III compared to group II (p<0.05). Moreover, NF-kB, caspase 3 and LC3B protein expression levels increased in ovary and lung tissues of the group II. But NF-kB, caspase 3 and LC3B protein expression levels decreased in group III.
Conclusion: As a consequence, p-coumaric acid acted a protective performance against ovary and lung injuries arising from adnexal T/D model in rats.
A high-resolution numerical simulation of the “7.19” extraordinary heavy rainfall in Henan Province under topographic effect
Authors: Li Han , Xi Le , Wang Xin-Min
Published: January 2023

Introduction: In this study, based on the ERA5 dataset, the orographic precipitation characteristics during an extraordinary heavy rainfall event in Henan Province on 19 July 2016 are analyzed.

Methods: In addition, by using the WRF model and the NCEP GDAS/FNL dataset, a high-resolution numerical simulation is carried out, including a series of sensitivity experiments on the Taihang Mountains, Yunmeng Mountain, and low-altitude areas.

Results and Discussion: The distribution of observed precipitation shows that the precipitation over the Taihang Mountains in northern Henan during the daytime on July 19 is significantly enhanced due to the topographic effect compared with that over the plain on the east. The simulation results demonstrate that the distribution of simulated precipitation over the steep terrains on the east side of the Taihang Mountains is closer to the observational precipitation when SRTM-90m is introduced to the WRF model. When the altitude of the Taihang Mountains is lowered by 50%, the accumulated precipitation along the Taihang Mountains in the daytime on July 19 decreases by 26%, accompanied by the northward movement of the heavy precipitation center over the northern Taihang Mountains. In addition, Yunmeng Mountain plays an important role in blocking or diverting the easterly and southeasterly low-level jet. When the terrain elevation of Yunmeng Mountain is reduced, the convergence zone of the wind field in the low level moves to the areas along the Taihang Mountains, which leads to the expansion of the area with heavy rainfall, with the average accumulated precipitation in mountain areas increasing by 7%. In addition, when the low altitude terrain in the study region is reduced by 50%, the center of heavy precipitation obviously moves westward. Combined with the diagnostic analysis of the topographically forced vertical velocity, the results show that the uplift of the low-level jet caused by the low-altitude terrain in northern Henan is one of the reasons that affect the location of the heavy rainfall center.
Study on the coupling coordination and pattern evolution of green investment and ecological development: Based on spatial econometric model and China’s provincial panel data
Authors: Peng Ruikun , Huang Huichun , Ge Jiaojiao , Yan Weimin
Published: January 2023

The study determines the coupling degree of green investment and green ecology in China using kernel density estimation, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and standard deviation ellipse model to empirically evaluate the data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2005 to 2019. Moreover, the study investigates the temporal evolution trend, spatial clustering characteristics, and spatial evolution trend of coupling degree. Although the coupling coordination value of green investment and green ecology gradually increased, it is generally at a low coordination stage. At the same time, regional disparities narrowed with the most significant variability in the eastern region. Moreover, results found that the aggregation effect of the coupling and coordination of green investment and green ecology is more significant, and the high-value aggregation area extended from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River to the midstream region, while the western region is dominated by low-value aggregation. Similarly, the degree of synergy between green investment and green ecology is increased; however, the fragmentation trend is inevitable. At the same time, the center of gravity of coupling coordination shifted to the western regions, and the spatial pattern gradually weakened in the “northeast-southwest” direction. The findings of the study stress that local governments of China should improve the green investment system for green ecological development in the surrounding areas of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Moreover, it is required to focus on the Northeast revitalization and Western development strategies to promote the synergistic development of green investment and green ecology.
A Study on Public Perceptions of Carbon Neutrality in China: has the Idea of ESG Been Encompassed?
Authors: Li Rita Yi Man , Wang Qianqian , Zeng Liyun , Chen Hong
Published: January 2023

China has pledged to become carbon neutral by 2060 and has employed a variety of strategies to minimize carbon emissions. As people’s support to achieve the carbon neutrality goal affects its success, this study reviewed the public’s perception of carbon neutrality via cluster analysis on microposts. The co-occurrence matrix showed 258 nodes and 3,212 ties in the carbon neutrality social network. The top five most prominent nodes were neutralized, energy, China, blue-green, and economy. The keyword like blue-green (means water and plant) illustrated the popular terminology used by mainland Weibo users and its essential role in carbon neutrality. The multidimensional scaling analysis found that there were 11 clusters in carbon neutrality. The results revealed that people’s concerns about carbon neutrality were mainly related to the environment (e.g. low carbon, sustainable, and wind power), social (e.g. country and poverty), and governance (responsibility, government report). Weibo users believed that achieving carbon-neutrality allows us to pursue a better life. Among the data collected, positive sentiment microposts (83.9%) were approximately eight times more than the negative ones (9.9%), and only 6.3% were neutral. The results indicated that most Weibo users were opitimistic on carbon neutrality.
Assessment of FY-3D SST Data on Typhoon In-Fa Simulation
Authors: Yang Chun , Li Jingyu
Published: January 2023

Sea surface temperature (SST) plays an important role in the typhoon forecast. By comparison, satellite retrieval products can provide more accurate SST data than reanalysis data in typhoon simulations. However, the effect of SST data from Chinese Fengyun-3 (FY-3) satellites on typhoon simulation hasn’t been evaluated yet. In this paper, the impact of FY-3D SST retrieval data with ascending and descending orbits on the forecast of typhoon In-Fa, 2021, is investigated with the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model. Compared to the control experiments with SST data from Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) data, the replacement experiments with FY-3D SST data significantly improve the forecast of typhoon central sea level pressure, track, and precipitation. Especially, the SST from the descending orbit satellite data provides the optimal track and intensity forecast, which are verified against the best track data from the Japan Meteorological Agency.
Evolution and Clinical Advances of Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Musculoskeletal Regeneration
Authors: Narayanaswamy Ragunanthan , Patro Bishnu Prasad , Jeyaraman Naveen , Gangadaran Prakash , Rajendran Ramya Lakshmi , Nallakumarasamy Arulkumar , Jeyaraman Madhan , Ramani Prasanna , Ahn Byeong-Cheol
Published: January 2023

Over the past few decades, various forms of platelet concentrates have evolved with significant clinical utility. The newer generation products, including leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) and advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), have shown superior biological properties in musculoskeletal regeneration than the first-generation concentrates, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and plasma rich in growth factors. These newer platelet concentrates have a complete matrix of physiological fibrin that acts as a scaffold with a three-dimensional (3D) architecture. Further, it facilitates intercellular signaling and migration, thereby promoting angiogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic activities. A-PRF with higher leukocyte inclusion possesses antimicrobial activity than the first generations. Due to the presence of enormous amounts of growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines that are released, A-PRF has the potential to replicate the various physiological and immunological factors of wound healing. In addition, there are more neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, all of which secrete essential chemotactic molecules. As a result, both L-PRF and A-PRF are used in the management of musculoskeletal conditions, such as chondral injuries, tendinopathies, tissue regeneration, and other sports-related injuries. In addition to this, its applications have been expanded to include the fields of reconstructive cosmetic surgery, wound healing in diabetic patients, and maxillofacial surgeries.
Worsening Thrombotic Complication of Atherosclerotic Plaques Due to Neutrophils Extracellular Traps: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nappi Francesco , Bellomo Francesca , Avtaar Singh Sanjeet Singh
Published: January 2023

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) recently emerged as a newly recognized contributor to venous and arterial thrombosis. These strands of DNA, extruded by activated or dying neutrophils, decorated with various protein mediators, become solid-state reactors that can localize at the critical interface of blood with the intimal surface of diseased arteries alongside propagating and amplifying the regional injury. NETs thus furnish a previously unsuspected link between inflammation, innate immunity, thrombosis, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular diseases. In response to disease-relevant stimuli, neutrophils undergo a specialized series of reactions that culminate in NET formation. DNA derived from either nuclei or mitochondria can contribute to NET formation. The DNA liberated from neutrophils forms a reticular mesh that resembles morphologically a net, rendering the acronym NETs particularly appropriate. The DNA backbone of NETs not only presents intrinsic neutrophil proteins (e.g., MPO (myeloperoxidase) and various proteinases) but can congregate other proteins found in blood (e.g., tissue factor procoagulant). This systematic review discusses the current hypothesis of neutrophil biology, focusing on the triggers and mechanisms of NET formation. Furthermore, the contribution of NETs to atherosclerosis and thrombosis is extensively addressed. Again, the use of NET markers in clinical trials was considered. Ultimately, given the vast body of the published literature, we aim to integrate the experimental evidence with the growing body of clinical information relating to NET critically.
Colostrum Proteins in Protection against Therapy-Induced Injuries in Cancer Chemo- and Radiotherapy: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Artym Jolanta , Zimecki Michał
Published: January 2023

In this article, we review the benefits of application of colostrum and colostrum-derived proteins in animal models and clinical trials that include chemotherapy with antimetabolic drugs, radiotherapy and surgical interventions. A majority of the reported investigations was performed with bovine colostrum (BC) and native bovine or recombinant human lactoferrin (LF), applied alone, in nutraceutics or in combination with probiotics. Apart from reducing side effects of the applied therapeutics, radiation and surgical procedures, BC and LF augmented their efficacy and improved the wellness of patients. In conclusion, colostrum and colostrum proteins, preferably administered with probiotic bacteria, are highly recommended for inclusion to therapeutic protocols in cancer chemo- and radiotherapy as well as during the surgical treatment of cancer patients.
Co-Immobilization of D-Amino Acid Oxidase, Catalase, and Transketolase for One-Pot, Two-Step Synthesis of L-Erythrulose
Authors: Świętochowska Daria , Łochowicz Aleksandra , Ocal Nazim , Pollegioni Loredano , Charmantray Franck , Hecquet Laurence , Szymańska Katarzyna
Published: January 2023

Here, we present an immobilized enzyme cascade in a basket-type reactor allowing a one-pot, two-step enzymatic synthesis of L-erythrulose from D-serine and glycolaldehyde. Three enzymes, D-amino acid oxidase from Rhodotorula gracilis (DAAORg), catalase from bovine liver (CAT), and transketolase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (TKgst) were covalently immobilized on silica monolithic pellets, characterized by an open structure of interconnected macropores and a specific surface area of up to 300 m2/g. Three strategies were considered: (i) separate immobilization of enzymes on silica supports ([DAAO][CAT][TK]), (ii) co-immobilization of two of the three enzymes followed by the third ([DAAO+CAT][TK]), and (iii) co-immobilization of all three enzymes ([DAAO+CAT+TK]). The highest L-erythrulose concentrations were observed for the co-immobilization protocols (ii) and (iii) (30.7 mM and 29.1 mM, respectively). The reusability study showed that the best combination was [DAAO + CAT][TK], which led to the same level of L-erythrulose formation after two reuse cycles. The described process paves the way for the effective synthesis of a wide range of α-hydroxyketones from D-serine and suitable aldehydes.
Challenge-Based Learning in Dental Education
Authors: Nizami Mohammed Zahedul Islam , Xue Vicky Wenqing , Wong Amy Wai Yee , Yu Ollie Yiru , Yeung Conson , Chu Chun Hung
Published: January 2023

Challenge-based learning (CBL) is a novel learning framework for a collaborative and multidisciplinary learning experience. It allows students, teachers, stakeholders, researchers, families, and society to work together to identify and solve real-world challenges. CBL helps students develop a deeper knowledge of the subjects they are studying. The concepts of CBL originate from a variety of educational theories and approaches, such as problem-based learning and inquiry-based learning. The precursor to the CBL framework is problem-based learning. However, unlike in problem-based learning and other approaches, students formulate the challenges they will address in CBL. Furthermore, students need to create a solution resulting in concrete action. CBL takes into account the social impact of an idea rather than just the corporate benefits. Therefore, it can help students expand the scope and depth of learning, encourage teamwork capabilities, and raise their awareness about considering quality and ethics in decision-making. CBL is implemented in universities, schools, and institutions worldwide and its use is well-recognized in science, engineering, and medicine, but it has not been translated into dentistry. The aim of this paper is to describe the concept of inclusion, principles and design, implementation, and supervision of the CBL framework in a dental course for the adaption of this learning framework to dental education.
The Effect of Role-Play on the Development of Dialogue Skills among Learners of Arabic as a Second Language
Authors: Daif-Allah Ayman Sabry , Al-Sultan Muhammad Sultan
Published: January 2023

Dialogue is one of the most important methods of achieving a desired goal and persuading others to accept a certain idea. This research aims to identify the effect of the role-play strategy on the development of dialogue skills among advanced-level students in the Arabic Language Teaching Unit for Non-Native Speakers at Qassim University. Using the quasi-experimental approach, the study was administered to 50 students, 25 students in the experimental group and the same number in the control group. The experimental group was taught through role-play, while the control group was taught through the traditional textbook-based methods. Quantitative data were collected by means of a dialogue skills assessment scale designed to assess the designated dialogue skills of the study sample. A quantitative analysis of the results showed a positive effect of role-play on the development of dialogue skills in terms of self-esteem, good listening, the expression of opinion, and respect for others. The results also showed that the simulation of real-life situations motivated students to develop dialogue skills in an organized manner. The results also highlighted the positive and negative aspects of using role-play in enhancing dialogue skills of learners of Arabic as a second language. The study recommends expanding the use of the role-play strategy in teaching the various basic skills of the Arabic language to the non-native speakers at Qassim University. It also suggests useful ideas for other researchers to study innovative techniques for improving the acquisition of language skills among learners of Arabic as a second language.
CMOS Front End for Interfacing Spin-Hall Nano-Oscillators for Neuromorphic Computing in the GHz Range
Authors: Fiorelli Rafaella , Peralías Eduardo , Méndez-Romero Roberto , Rajabali Mona , Kumar Akash , Zahedinejad Mohammad , Åkerman Johan , Moradi Farshad , Serrano-Gotarredona Teresa , Linares-Barranco Bernabé
Published: January 2023

Spin-Hall-effect nano-oscillators are promising beyond the CMOS devices currently available, and can potentially be used to emulate the functioning of neurons in computational neuromorphic systems. As they oscillate in the 4–20 GHz range, they could potentially be used for building highly accelerated neural hardware platforms. However, due to their extremely low signal level and high impedance at their output, as well as their microwave-range operating frequency, discerning whether the SHNO is oscillating or not carries a great challenge when its state read-out circuit is implemented using CMOS technologies. This paper presents the first CMOS front-end read-out circuitry, implemented in 180 nm, working at a SHNO oscillation frequency up to 4.7 GHz, managing to discern SHNO amplitudes of 100 µV even for an impedance as large as 300 Ω and a noise figure of 5.3 dB300 Ω. A design flow of this front end is presented, as well as the architecture of each of its blocks. The study of the low-noise amplifier is deepened for its intrinsic difficulties in the design, satisfying the characteristics of SHNOs.
Global Care Crisis and COVID-19: The Actions of States and the Initiatives of Female Domestic Paid Workers in Latin America
Authors: Loza Jorgelina
Published: January 2023

Since 2020, social movements, organizations, and nation-states in Latin America have taken concrete actions in response to the COVID-19 crisis. Although contingency policies were promoted, it did not take long for inequities to become visible. The paid domestic work sector, historically feminized, was strongly affected by the COVID-19 crisis. While Latin American governments launched various assistance policies for the domestic work sector, a contemporary regional initiative of Latin American women, CONLACTRAHO, was also working with its members to help them retain their jobs while risking contracting the disease. Here, we will explore the initiatives developed by some Latin American governments and strategies from CONLACTRAHO in the context of the care crisis and the COVID-19 crisis. These examples will allow us to reflect, from a qualitative, intersectional, and decolonial approach, on commonalities and differences between the civil society agenda and the gender agenda of nation-states in the region. We understand that the unequal labor conditions of domestic workers are strongly related to the societal gender regime that historically distributes roles, opportunities, and resources among gender categories. This work is part of a broader reflection regarding the process of Latin American regional construction and its interrelation with contemporary ideas of nation.
Exploring the Identity and Properties of Two Bacilli Strains and their Potential to Alleviate Drought and Heavy Metal Stress
Authors: Andy Aruna Kumari , Rajput Vishnu D. , Burachevskaya Marina , Gour Vinod Singh
Published: January 2023

Naturally available plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase enzymes, and are capable of processing the plant-borne ACC by converting it into α-ketobutyrate and ammonia. Thus, the PGPRs help in the depletion of ethylene levels, and enhance abiotic stress tolerance in plants. In the present study, two rhizobacterial strains, i.e., Bacillus cereus and B. haynesii, isolated from Vigna mungo and Phaseolus vulgaris, were used. These strains were taxonomically identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as B. cereus and B. haynesii, with NCBI accession numbers LC514122 and LC 514123, respectively. The phylogeny of these strains has also been worked out based on homology, with data available on NCBI GenBank. The strains were screened for their plant growth-promoting traits, and quantified in the same way. The enzymatic activity and molecular weight of the ACC deaminase obtained from both bacterial strains have also been determined. An in vitro drought tolerance study was done by using PEG 6000. These bacterial strains exhibited higher ACC deaminase activity (~5 to 6 µmol/mL), exopolysaccharide yield (15 to 18 mg/10 mL protein), and indole acetic acid (27–32 µg/mL). These characteristics indicate that the bacterial strains under present study may be helpful in enhancing the drought tolerance of the crops with enhanced yield. Bacillus cereus has been found to be a tolerant strain to As, Ba, and Ni, based on the plate assay method, and so it has the potential to be used as biofertilizer in fields affected by these metals.
Response of Warm Season Turf Grasses to Combined Cold and Salinity Stress under Foliar Applying Organic and Inorganic Amendments
Authors: Taher Dina , Nofal Emam , Hegazi Mahmoud , El-Gaied Mohamed Abd , El-Ramady Hassan , Solberg Svein Ø.
Published: January 2023

Turfgrasses are considered an important part of the landscape and ecological system of golf courses, sports fields, parks, and home lawns. Turfgrass species are affected by many abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, salinity, cold, heat, waterlogging, and heavy metals) and biotic stresses (mainly diseases and pests). In the current study, seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) and Tifway bermudagrass (Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy × C. Dactylon) were selected because they are popular turfgrasses frequently used for outdoor lawns and sport fields. The effect of the combined stress from both soil salinity and cold on these warm season grasses was investigated. Some selected organic and inorganic amendments (i.e., humic acid, ferrous sulphate, and silicon) were applied as foliar sprays five times during the winter season from late October to March. This was repeated over two years in field trials involving salt-affected soils. The physiological and chemical parameters of the plants, including plant height; fresh and dry weight per plot; total chlorophyll content; and nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and potassium content, were measured. The results showed that all the studied amendments improved the growth of seashore paspalum and Tifway bermudagrass during this period compared to the control, with a greater improvement observed when using ferrous sulphate and humic acid compared to silicon. For seashore paspalum, the highest chlorophyll content in April was recorded after the application of ferrous sulphate at a level of 1000 ppm. The current research indicates that when grown on salt-affected soils, these amendments can be used in warm-season grasses to maintain turf quality during cold periods of the year. Further research is needed to examine any negative long-term effects of these amendments and to explain their mechanisms.
Cryogels with Noble Metal Nanoparticles as Catalyst for “Green” Decomposition of Chlorophenols
Authors: Berillo Dmitriy A. , Savina Irina N.
Published: January 2023

Pollution of the aquatic environment by halogen derivatives widely used as antiseptic compounds, as well as chemicals for various industrial purposes, is significant. Existing systems of bioremediation poorly solve the problem of eliminating pollution. This paper discusses the preparation of novel macroporous chitosan-based cryogels with in situ-immobilized Pd or Pt nanoparticles as a catalyst for dichlorination reactions. The formation mechanism of metal coordinated chitosan gels using Medusa software modelling and rheology (G’ and G’’) is discussed. Metal coordinated chitosan gels were subsequently converted into covalently cross-linked macroporous cryogels with in situ-immobilized Pd or Pt nanoparticles using the redox potentials difference of the reaction mixture. Noble metal nanoparticles of average size, 2.4 nm, were evenly distributed in the cryogel structure. The effectiveness of these gels as a catalyst for the decomposition of chloro-compounds o-chlorophenol, p-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol was tested. The catalytic hydrogenation reaction was carried out using the “green reducing agent” formic acid. Increasing the excess of formic acid with heating increases the degree of conversion up to 80–90%. The CHI-GA-PdNPs cryogel at pH 6 showed better efficiency in the hydrogenation process compared to the CHI-GA-PtNPs cryogel; however, no significant difference in the degree of conversion at pH 3 was observed. The termination of a catalytic reaction in a batch mode have been studied. Several control tests were carried out to elucidate the mechanism of catalyst poisoning. The presented catalytic system may be of interest for studying reactions in a flow through mode, including the reactions for obtaining valuable chemicals.
Trimethylammonium Sn(IV) and Pb(IV) Chlorometalate Complexes with Incorporated Dichlorine
Authors: Korobeynikov Nikita A. , Usoltsev Andrey N. , Abramov Pavel A. , Komarov Vladislav Yu. , Sokolov Maxim N. , Adonin Sergey A.
Published: January 2023

Supramolecular dichloro-chlorostannate(IV) and -plumbate(IV) complexes (Me3NH)2{[MCl6]Cl2} (M = Sn (1), Pb (2)) feature dichlorine units incorporated into a halometalate framework. Both compounds were characterized by X-ray diffractometry and Raman spectroscopy.
Clinical and Biomechanical Study of Laminoplasty for Thoracic and Lumbar Intradural Tumors
Authors: Jiang Lijun , Luo Jie , Gong Haiyi , Zhang Fei , Zhang Linxiang , Cheng Linfei , Gao Xin , Zhang Dan , Liu Tielong , Xiao Jianru
Published: January 2023

(1) Background: Primary intraspinal tumors account for 2–15% of all central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Most intraspinal tumors are benign, and about 40% of them occur intradurally, for which early surgery is the preferred treatment. Laminectomy with pedicle screw fixation is the conventional surgical treatment. However, laminectomy with pedicle screw fixation is likely to reduce the spinal range of motion (ROM), with many other complications, although it can maintain the stability of the spine. The aim of this study is to determine whether laminoplasty as a new surgical approach for thoracic and lumbar intradural tumors is superior to laminectomy in preserving spinal ROM, maintaining spinal stability and reducing postoperative complications. (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 50 patients who received intradural tumor resection, including 23 who received traditional laminectomy with pedicle screw fixation and 27 who received new laminoplasty. Spinal ROM was evaluated by lumbar flexion/extension radiograph and biomechanical evaluation. Spinal stability was evaluated by imaging observations of the spinal Cobb angle and laminar bone fusion. Postoperative complications were evaluated according to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and the length of hospital stay. (3) Results: Compared with the laminectomy group, patients in the laminoplasty group exhibited a better spinal ROM (31.6 ± 12.0° vs. 21.7 ± 11.8°, p = 0.013), a smaller Cobb angle (9.6 ± 4.3 vs. 12.5 ± 5.3, p = 0.034), a lower incidence of CSF leakage (4/14.8% vs. 11/47.8%, p = 0.015), and a shorter length of hospital stay (13.1 ± 1.8 vs. 15.1 ± 2.3 days, p = 0.001). Most patients in the laminoplasty group had satisfactory bone fusion. The biomechanical experiment also demonstrated that spinal ROM in laminoplasty was larger than that in the laminectomy group. (4) Conclusions: Compared with the traditional surgery, the new laminoplasty surgery can better maintain the stability of the spine, preserve spinal ROM, and reduce postoperative complications. It is a surgical method that can be clinically popularized.
Low Intraoperative Cerebral Oxygen Saturation Is Associated with Acute Kidney Injury after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass
Authors: Ko Seo Hee , Song Jong-Wook , Shim Jae-Kwang , Soh Sarah , Kwak Young-Lan
Published: January 2023

By monitoring the brain as the index organ of global oxygen supply–demand balance including major organs, regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) may indicate adequacy of renal perfusion. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perioperative rScO2 and acute kidney injury (AKI) after off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB). AKI was diagnosed according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Collected rScO2 variables were baseline, mean, and lowest value during surgery, maximal percentage decrease from baseline, and areas under the threshold below an absolute value of 50% (AUT50) and of 80% of baseline (AUT80%base). Among 580 patients, AKI developed in 143 (24.7%) patients. Patients with AKI had lower baseline, mean, and lowest rScO2 and higher AUT50 and AUT80%base than those without AKI despite routine efforts to restore the rScO2 values within 20% of the baseline. Among the rScO2 variables, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of mean rScO2 was the highest (0.636), which was used for the multivariable logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression revealed mean rScO2 as an independent predictor of AKI (odds ratio, 0.964; 95% confidence interval, 0.937–0.990; p = 0.008), along with chronic kidney disease and emergency surgery. Low intraoperative mean rScO2 was independently associated with AKI after OPCAB, which may serve as an early marker of renal injury.
Short-Term Peg-IFN α-2b Re-Treatment Induced a High Functional Cure Rate in Patients with HBsAg Recurrence after Stopping Peg-IFN α-Based Regimens
Authors: Wu Fengping , Wang Yikai , Cui Dandan , Tian Yan , Lu Rui , Liu Chenrui , Li Mei , Li Yaping , Gao Ning , Jiang Zicheng , Li Xuemei , Zhai Song , Zhang Xin , Jia Xiaoli , Dang Shuangsuo
Published: January 2023

Little is known about the treatment of patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) recurrence after being clinically cured by peginterferon alpha(peg-IFN-α)-based regimens. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of peg-IFNα-2b in re-treating patients with HBsAg recurrence after stopping peg-IFN α-based regimens. In this two-center, prospective observational study, 33 patients with HBsAg recurrence after stopping peg-IFN α-based regimens were enrolled and re-treated with an individualized course of peg-IFN α-2b. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine could be injected immediately after HBsAg clearance, according to patients’ willingness. All patients were monitored and followed-up for 48 weeks after peg-IFN α-2b re-treatment stop. The primary endpoint was HBsAg clearance at the end of follow-up. At baseline, all patients had HBsAg levels of <10 IU/mL and undetectable HBV DNA, with the median HBsAg level of 1.66 (0.56–2.87) IU/mL. After a median of 24 (24–30) weeks of peg-IFN α-2b re-treatment, 87.9% (29/33) of the patients achieved HBsAg clearance again and 66.7% (22/33) of the patients achieved HBsAg seroconversion. At the end of follow-up, the HBsAg clearance and HBsAg seroconversion rates decreased to 78.8% (26/33) and 51.5% (17/33), respectively. Furthermore, 88.9% (16/18) of the patients with HBsAg clearance benefited from receiving the HBV vaccine therapy. Generally, both peg-IFN α-2b and HBV vaccine therapy were well tolerated. A high functional cure rate can be achieved by a short-course of peg-IFN α-2b re-treatment in patients with HBsAg recurrence after stopping peg-IFN α-based regimens. Furthermore, injecting HBV vaccine is beneficial after HBsAg clearance.
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Patients Undergoing Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Lüsebrink Enzo , Scherer Clemens , Binzenhöfer Leonhard , Hoffmann Sabine , Höpler Julia , Kellnar Antonia , Thienel Manuela , Joskowiak Dominik , Peterß Sven , Petzold Tobias , Deseive Simon , Hein Ralph , Brunner Stefan , Kääb Stefan , Braun Daniel , Theiss Hans , Hausleiter Jörg , Hagl Christian , Massberg Steffen , Orban Martin
Published: January 2023

Background: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a serious, immune-mediated adverse drug reaction to unfractionated heparin (UFH) affecting also patients undergoing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). Although the association between VA-ECMO support and the development of thrombocytopenia has long been known and discussed, HIT as one underlying cause is still insufficiently understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to further investigate the epidemiology, mortality, diagnosis, and clinical management of HIT occurring in VA-ECMO patients treated with UFH. Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-center study including adult patients (≥18 years) with VA-ECMO support in the cardiac intensive care unit (ICU) of the University Hospital of Munich (LMU) between January 2013 and May 2022, excluding patients with a known history of HIT upon admission. Differences in baseline characteristics and clinical outcome between excluded HIT (positive anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin antibody test but negative functional assay) and confirmed HIT (positive anti-PF4/heparin antibody test and positive functional assay) VA-ECMO patients as well as diagnosis and clinical management of HIT were analysed. Results: Among the 373 patients included, anti-PF4/heparin antibodies were detected in 53/373 (14.2%) patients. Functional HIT testing confirmed HIT in 13 cases (3.5%) and excluded HIT in 40 cases (10.7%), corresponding to a prevalence of confirmed HIT of 13/373 (3.5%) [1.6, 5.3] and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 24.5% for the antibody screening test. The platelet course including platelet recovery following argatroban initiation was similar between all groups. One-month mortality in patients with excluded HIT was 14/40 (35%) and 3-month mortality 17/40 (43%), compared to 5/13 (38%) (p > 0.999), and 6/13 (46%) (p > 0.999) in patients with confirmed HIT. Neurological outcome in both groups measured by the cerebral performance category of survivors on hospital discharge was similar, as well as adverse events during VA-ECMO therapy. Conclusions: With a prevalence of 3.5%, HIT is a non-frequent complication in patients on VA-ECMO and was not associated with a higher mortality rate. HIT was ultimately excluded by functional essay in 75% of VA-ECMO patients with clinical suspicion of HIT and positive anti-PF4/heparin antibody test. Argatroban seems to be an appropriate and safe therapeutic option for confirmed HIT-positive patients on VA-ECMO support.
Safety of Sirolimus in Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex under Two Years of Age—A Bicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Śmiałek Dominika , Jóźwiak Sergiusz , Kotulska Katarzyna
Published: January 2023

Background: mTOR inhibitors are a novel pharmacotherapy recommended for subependymal giant astrocytomas, refractory epilepsy, and the treatment of the other clinical manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Clinical trials on everolimus proved it to be effective and safe in children. Despite its common use in clinical practice, the research on sirolimus is limited. This study is the first to determine and assess the severity of the adverse effects (AEs) of sirolimus administered to children with TSC under two years of age. Methods: We performed a bicenter retrospective data analysis of medical records of individuals with TSC who initiated therapy with sirolimus under the age of two. Results: Twenty-one patients were included in the study. At least one AE was reported in all participants. The most prevalent AEs were anemia, thrombocytosis, and hyperlipidemia. Infections and mouth ulcerations, often reported in the studies on older patients, were infrequent and of mild or moderate grade. Conclusions: Adverse effects associated with sirolimus use in infants and young children with TSC are frequent yet not life- or health-threatening. Further multicenter prospective clinical trials should determine the long-term safety of sirolimus.