bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
I-gel ve laringeal mask airway-supreme’in klinik performans yönünden karşılaştırılması: prospektif çalışma
Authors: VERDİKHANOV Ramin , KARACA Nursen , ALPER Işık
Published: November 2022

Amaç: Çalışmamızda; genel anestezi altında ürolojik cerrahi girişim planlanan hastalarda, ikinci jenerasyon supraglottik havayolu gereçlerinden I-gel ve LMA-Supreme’in (Laringeal Mask Airway- Supreme) klinik performans ve postoperatif faringolaringeal komplikasyonlar açısından karşılaştırılmasını amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Hastane etik kurul onayı (19-8.1T/53) ve hasta yazılı onamı alındıktan sonra, genel anestezi altında elektif ürolojik cerrahi planlanan, 18-65 yaş arası, ASA (The American Society of Anesthesiologists) skoru I-II olan, 120 hasta prospektif olarak çalışmamıza dahil edildi. Hastalar randomize olarak I-gel (n=60) ve LMA-Supreme (n=60) olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. İki grup; supraglottik havayolu gereci yerleştirme kolaylığı, yerleştirme süresi, ilk yerleştirmede başarı oranı, deneme sayısı, gastrik tüp yerleştirme kolaylığı, orofaringeal kaçak basıncı, intraoperatif ve postoperatif komplikasyonlar açısından karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Supraglottik havayolu gereci yerleştirme süresi I-gel grubunda anlamlı olarak daha kısa bulundu (p: 0,039). Tüm ölçüm zamanlarında, orofaringeal kaçak basıncı ‘mükemmel’ olan hasta sayısı I-gel grubunda daha yüksekti (p<0,05). Gastrik tüp yerleştirme, LMA-Supreme grubunda anlamlı olarak daha kolay bulundu (p: 0,029). Postoperatif 12. saat boğaz ağrısı (p: 0,049) ve ses kısıklığı (p:0,046) LMA-Supreme grubunda daha fazla görüldü. LMA-Supreme ve I-gel; yerleştirme kolaylığı, ilk yerleştirmede başarı oranı, deneme sayısı ve intraoperatif komplikasyonlar açısından benzer özelliklere sahipti.
Sonuç: I-gel’de yerleştirme süresinin daha kısa, orofaringeal kaçağın ve postoperatif komplikasyonların daha az olması LMA-Supreme’e göre tercih nedeni olabilir.
TRUNK SIZE INFLUENCES SPECIES RICHNESS AND FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF BIOGEOGRAPHICALLY DIFFERENT TREE-VISITING ANT COMMUNITIES IN PEAR ORCHARDS
Authors: SCHIFANI ENRICO , GIANNETTI DANIELE , CASTRACANI CRISTINA , SPOTTI FIORENZA A. , MORI ALESSANDRA , GRASSO DONATO A.
Published: November 2022

We investigated the diversity of ant assemblages visiting pear trees in Italy by comparing two orchards from a northern region with continental climate (Emilia-Romagna) and a southern region with Mediterranean climate (Sicily). Overall we identified 20 ant species belonging to 10 genera and 3 subfamilies. The ant communities of the two sites look significantly different in biogeographic terms, but their functional composition is similar. Moreover, we discovered that both ground and arboreal nesting species richness is positively correlated with the trunk circumference. In particular, arboreal-nesting species are limited to the deadwood richer medium and large trees. Some of the detected ant species may be useful to pest control strategies, and artificial nests may be considered to attract arboreal-nesting species in deadwood-poor trees. Key Words: arboreal ants, myrmecology, Sicily, Emilia Romagna.
Anxiety Disorders in Pregnancy During The COVID-19 Pandemic: What are The Risk Factors?
Authors: Phoebe Eunike Deborah , Mustikasari Tiwi , Harmada Wigaviola Socha Purnama Asri , Octaviana Dinda Sella , Wolayan Grahana Ade Chandra , Husnina Qonita Kanza , Purnomo Nicholas Fernando , Gotama Ian Marvin , Tjoewinata Johan Sebastian , Nyoman Sumiati
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic, since the beginning of 2020, has become a concern for the world community in the health sector. Literature found anxiety symptoms to increase during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in the pregnant women population. Objective: This literature review study aims to provide an overview and risk factors for anxiety in pregnancy related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the following keyword (anxiety disorders) AND (pregnancy) AND (COVID-19) using the journal publication filter for the 2009-2021 issues. Results: Therefore, the psychological condition of pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic is influenced by various restrictive measures taken by the government and the community, the uncertainty of the pandemic in the future, and most importantly, the fear of being infected so that it can harm the baby they are carrying. Risk factors for anxiety disorders that may be closely related to pregnancy are women who became pregnant for the first time reported having significantly more pregnancy-related anxiety than women who had given birth, high levels of anxiety and depression were found in women with unplanned pregnancies, increased anxiety was associated with worry pregnant women do not receive adequate antenatal care as a result of COVID-19, and a significant correlation was found between higher education and anxiety levels. Conclusion: Risk factors for anxiety disorders in pregnancy are the first pregnancy, unplanned pregnancy, inadequate ANC visits, and higher education. The risk factors that affect pregnant women do not stand alone but simultaneously with each other.
Improved Communication Skills Assisting Cancer Patients Through Counseling Training Palliative Volunteers in Surabaya
Authors: Putra Patria Yudha , Febria Rike Erliana  , Novelita Mesah  , Feytie Magda Mawey  , Lia Jessica  , Christopher Aditya Purba  , Pemilda Dian Catur Ayu Wisnu Putri  , Eden  , Deviyana Soetjipto  , Konginan Agustina , Erikavitri Yulianti  , Soetjipto  , Marlina S. Mahajuddin
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The prevalence of tumors/cancer in Indonesia is increasing. Many cases of cancer at an advanced stage experience severe symptoms and cause suffering that has not been handled properly. Palliative care helps a cancer survivor and his or her family to live a more comfortable life to have a better quality of life.
Methods: For this reason, a team that works in an integrated manner includes both medical and non-medical personnel, including volunteers. The role of volunteers in palliative care teams varies according to need and can be involved in hospital care, or at home, expected to bridge between health care institutions and patients. Psychiatrists at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya and their residents try to give four sessions of volunteer training to raise awareness, provide health education, or even provide some simple type of medical care and work as counselors.
Results: After giving four training sessions every week, the ability of palliative teams had increased. They have the capability to communicate more effectively and efficiently, which is therapeutic, so it is necessary to provide them with counseling skills to listen to, understand, and respond positively when communicating with cancer patients and their families.
Suicide in Medical Student: How To Prevent?
Authors: Diyaz Syauki Ikhsan  , Prananjaya Bintang Arroyantri , Syarifah Aini  , Puji Rizki Suryani  , Verdy Cendana  , Nicholas Tze Ping Pang
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Suicide is a deliberate act to end one’s life. Suicidal incidents are often found among medical students. The suicide rate among medical students is very high when compared with students of other majors. A study in the United States stated that prevalence of suicidal ideation in medical students was 11%, twice of the general population, while the prevalence of attempted suicide was 6.9%. Several factors related to the academic situation that contribute to mental disorders among medical students include pressure in medical education, demand for good skills and long education time. These factors make them prone to depression, burnout, and various emotional and mental disorders that can trigger suicide. Therefore, efforts are needed to prevent and detect the possibility of suicidal behavior. This effort must be carried out in a multidisciplinary manner. Optimizing the academic atmosphere, family involvement, the social environment, and the ability of adequate health facilities are needed.
Keywords:  Suicide, Medical Students, Prevention
COVID-19 pandemisinin bebek ve çocuk beslenmesine etkisi
Authors: PARS Hatice , ÖZCEBE Hilal
Published: November 2022

DSÖ tarafından Mart 2020’de pandemi olarak ilan edilen Şiddetli Akut Solunum Yolu Sendromu enfeksiyonu (SARS- CoV-2) ekonomik ve sosyal krizlere yol açan eşi benzeri görülmemiş bir halk sağlığı sorunu haline gelmiştir. Teyit edilen ilk pediatrik vaka 20 Ocak’ta Çin Halk Cumhuriyetinin Shenzhen şehrinde bildirilmiş, o tarihten sonra çok fazla çocuk olgu sunumu ve olgu serisi rapor edilmiştir. Bu raporlarda çocuklarda hastalığın seyrinin asemptomatik olmasının yanında respiratuvar distres sendromu, multiorgan disfonksiyon sendromu gibi daha ciddi komplikasyonlar olabileceği belirtilmektedir. Ancak, hastalığın direk etkilerinin yanında gizlenen diğer sorunların, pandeminin indirek etkilerinin, daha ciddi sorunlara yol açtığı ve açmaya devam edeceği vurgulanmaktadır. Okulların kapanması, akran etkileşiminin azalması gibi nedenler ile birlikte pandeminin çocukların mental ve fiziksel sağlığına olan etkileri endişe yaratmaktadır. Pandemi sürecinde gıda güvensizliği sorunu daha da derinleşmiş, bebek ve çocuk beslenmesi etkilenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda bu derleme, SARS-CoV-2 pandemisi süresince bebek ve çocuk besleme sorunlarını, bu sorunlara neden olan faktörleri ve bu sorunları önlemeye yönelik stratejileri, çocuk ve ailesine yapılacak olan bilgilendirme ve danışmanlıktaki rollerimizi ortaya koymaktır.
RETRO VE NOSTALJİ PAZARLAMA HAKKINDA BİBLİYOMETRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: ERDOĞAN Hamit
Published: November 2022

Retro ve nostalji pazarlaması, pazarlama alanında tüketicilerle etkileşime geçerek iletişim kurmanın yollarından biridir. Bu çalışma retro ve nostalji pazarlaması hakkında akademisyenler tarafından yayımlanan çalışmaların bibliyometrik olarak değerlendirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Web of Science veri tabanları belge-arşiv tarama yöntemiyle retro pazarlama ve nostalji pazarlama konu başlığında (başlık, özet, yazarların anahtar kelimeleri, anahtar kelime bulutu-keywords plus-) yayımlanmış 204 İngilizce makaleye bibliyometrik analiz uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini 1980-2021 yılları arası yayımlanan 204 makale oluşturmaktadır. Veriler R programı üzerinden yayın bilgisi, atıf analizi, kelime bilgisi, yazar bilgisi, ülkeler arası iş birliği olmak üzere beş başlık altında incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları 1980-2021 yılları arasında retro ve nostalji pazarlaması ile ilgili Web of Science veri tabanındaki İngilizce makaleler hakkında bibliyometrik bir rapor sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarının retro ve nostalji pazarlaması hakkında yapılacak araştırmalara genel kapsamlı bir rehber oluşturacağı ön görülmektedir.
İŞ TATMİNİ VE İŞ PERFORMANSININ, İŞTEN AYRILMA NİYETİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNDE ELEŞTİREL DÜŞÜNCENİN ARACI ROLÜ
Authors: BAYSAL Rahime Özlem , FİDAN Yahya
Published: November 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı banka ve finans sektörü çalışanlarında iş tatmini ve iş performansının işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisinde eleştirel düşüncenin aracı rolünün tespit edilmesidir. Araştırmaya bankacılık ve finans sektöründe görev yapan 1.267 kişi katılmıştır. Çalışma anket esasına dayalı kesitsel bir araştırmadır. Ankette demografik sorular ile birlikte Eleştirel Düşünce Ölçeği, İş Performansı Ölçeği, Minnesota İş Tatmini Anketi ile İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Ankette, katılımcılara mail aracılığı ile gönderilen Google formları kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama süreci yaklaşık 9 ay sürmüş ve 15.05.2021’de tamamlanmıştır. Her bir IP adresinden bir başvuru kabul edilecek şekilde Google formlardan toplanan anket sayısı 1.316’dır. Uç değer ihtiva eden anketler elenerek, çalışmada toplam 1.267 anket sonucu kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada anlamlı sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, banka ve finans sektörü çalışanlarında beyaz yakalı işgörenlerin iş performanslarını kendilerinin değerlendirmeleri istendiğinde objektif davranmaktan uzak oldukları gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca iş tatmininin, işten ayrılma niyetinin ortaya çıkmasında etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra iş tatmininin işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisinde, eleştirel düşüncenin aracı rolünün olduğu da tespit edilmiştir.
Analysis of the Control System for a Soft Starter of an Induction Motor Based on a Multi-Zone AC Voltage Converter
Authors: Kosykh Evgeniy Andreevich , Udovichenko Aleksey Vjacheslavovich , Lopatkin Nikolay Nikolaevich , Zinoviev Gennadiy Stepanovich , Grishanov Evgeniy Valer'evich , Sarakhanova Regina Jur'evna
Published: November 2022

The development trends of the modern world of power electronics dictate the requirements for the use of AC voltage converters as soft starters for induction motors. A direct connection of the motors to the mains voltage negatively affects both the motor itself and the mains system as a whole due to high starting currents values, which entail, as a rule, more frequent accidents and shorter the drive system service life. The paper presents a study of the control system of a multi-zone AC voltage regulator. The use of capacitive voltage dividers will also compensate for the consumed reactive power. The article analyzes the features of modern soft starters, describes the circuit design, presents a mathematical calculation by the method of algebraization of differential equations, a performed simulation modeling in Matlab/Simulink, and also an assembled experimental stand for further research. Particular attention is paid to the definition of the multizonality concept of the proposed converter and the analysis of the control method. The developed algorithm of the double-loop automatic control system will minimize the influence of induction motors on the mains voltage, and thus improve electromagnetic compatibility.
Relation between Cytokines Expression and Pulmonary Dysfunction among a Cohort of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: El Kazafy Salma A. , Fouad Yasser , Said Azza F. , Assal Hebatallah H. , Ahmed Amr E. , Ahmed Osama M.
Published: November 2022

Aim: In individuals with COVID-19, the study assessed the relationship between cytokine expression and pulmonary dysfunction. These correlations may help to suggest strategies for prevention and therapies of coronavirus disease outbreak. Patients and methods: 50 healthy participants and 100 COVID-19 patients participated in this study. COVID-19 participants were subdivided into moderate and severe groups based on the severity of their symptoms. In both patients and controls, measurements of white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, and IL-35 were estimated. All the patients performed chest CT and CO-RADS score was assessed. Results: All patients had increased WBCs count and CRP, IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, and IL-35 levels than healthy controls. While WBCs, CRP, and cytokines like IL-1β and IL-6 showed significantly higher levels in the severe group as compared to moderate patients, IL-4, IL-35, and IL-18 showed comparable levels in both disease groups. Furthermore, CO-RADS score was positively connected with WBCs, CRP, and cytokine levels (IL-35, IL-18, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-1β) in both groups, and lymphocyte levels in all patient groups considerably decreased as compared to the controls. CO-RADS score, also demonstrated a positive correlation with lymphocytes in the moderate COVID-19 patients, whereas in the severe patients, it demonstrated a negative correlation with lymphocytes. Conclusion: Severe COVID-19 patients, compared to individuals with moderate illness and healthy controls, patients had lower lymphocyte counts and increased CRP with greater WBCs counts. In contrast to moderate COVID-19 patients, severe COVID-19 patients had higher levels of IL-1β and IL-6, but IL-4, IL-18, and IL-35 between both illness categories at close levels. CO-RADS 5 was the most frequent category in both moderate and severe cases. Patients with a typical CO-RADS involvement had a higher CRP and white blood cell count with a lower lymphocyte count than the others. Cytokine levels were considered a surrogate markers of severe lung affection in COVID 19 patients.
A Novel Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Based Cascaded PIDF-PIDF Controller for Automatic Generation Control Analysis of Multi-Area Multi-Source Hydrothermal System
Authors: Ramshanker Abinands , K. Ravi , Raglend Jacob I. , Edward Belwin J.
Published: November 2022

This article investigated the Automatic Generation Control(AGC) of multi-area multi-source interconnected systems with hydropower plants, thermal power plants, and wind energy. Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy controller integrated with the cascaded proportional-integral-derivative with filter (PIDF-PIDF) is a new cascaded controller (ANF-PIDF-PIDF) that has been presented as a secondary controller for applied hybrid power systems. The recent Skill Optimization Algorithm (SOA) is employed to optimize PIDF- PIDF controller parameter gains and the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy controller's inputs and output scaling factors. SOA is used to update the controller parameters with integral square error (ISE) employed as the objective function. A 1% step load disturbance was considered simultaneously in all three areas. The controller's performance is evaluated and compared with and without considering the effects of wind energy sources and non-linearity for ANF-PIDF-PIDF, PIDF-PIDF, and PIDF and it was determined that the ANF-PIDF-PIDF was the most efficient. The dynamic system performance is also compared with parallel high voltage direct current (HVDC) tie-lines. The investigation clearly shows that incorporating HVDC tie-line with multi-area, multi-source provides better dynamic performance in maximum amplitude, oscillation, and settling time. Additionally, sensitivity analysis is done and the optimum controller gains does not need to be reset to uncertain values in system loading conditions. All simulation results were evaluated using MATLAB 2016b.
Ecotoxicological and Chemical Approach to Assessing Environmental Effects from Pesticide Use in Organic and Conventional Rice Paddies
Authors: Onorati Fulvio , Bellucci Micol , Rivella Enrico , Tornambé Andrea , Paina Andrea , Maggi Chiara , Sesta Giulio , Berducci Maria Teresa , D'Antoni Susanna
Published: November 2022

Despite laws and directives for the regulation and restriction of pesticide in farming, the large use of Plant Protection Products (PPPs) in paddy fields is a relevant worldwide cause of contamination of the environment. The aim of this work is to evaluate the environmental impact due to the use of PPPs by using an integrated approach based on chemical analyses and ecotoxicological hazard assessment, supported by statistical tools, in order to overcome the issues related to the traditional tabular evaluation. Samples of soil and water of seven conventional and organic paddies located in Northern Italy have been examined for two years by extensive chemical and ecotoxicological analyses. The results evidenced a direct relationship between the presence of Oxadiazon in water and bioassays responses as the main cause of the toxicity measured. This phenomenon affected both biological and conventional rice fields, due to the free circulation of water through irrigation canals. Therefore, the implementation of organic districts with a water circulation isolated from conventional fields represents a simple and effective countermeasure to safeguard the agricultural practices of organic crops.
Effectiveness of Simulation Strategies and their Transfer to the Clinical Practice in the Nursing Course: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: García-Salido Cristina , García-Gutiérrez Daniel , Álvarez-Vargas Anaís , Mateu-Capell Marina , Ramírez-Baraldes Estel·la
Published: November 2022

Implementing the methodology of clinical simulation in the nursing degree course is a necessity in the European framework of higher education to acquire competences. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the strategies and techniques used during the simulations, identify the contents learned, and determine which of them are transferred to the nursing practice. We performed an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study from the nursing students’ perspective during the 2020-21-year course. On the one hand, our results show that the DASH scale helped us to obtain an internal validity of the simulations obtaining a mean score of 6.61 out of 7. On the other hand, the Ad Hoc scale, based on the competences were acquired in the simulations were transferred to the care practices. In conclusion, it is possible to improve care practices by integrating knowledge through clinical simulations.
A New Digital Twin for Climate Change Adaptation, Water Management, and Disaster Risk Reduction (HIP Digital Twin)
Authors: Henriksen Hans Jørgen , Schneider Raphael , Koch Julian , Ondracek Maria , Troldborg Lars , Seidenfaden Ida K. , Kragh Søren Julsgaard , Bøgh Eva , Stisen Simon
Published: November 2022

The paper analyses the national DK-model Hydrological Information and Prediction (HIP) system and HIP portal viewed as a ‘Digital Twin’ and how the introduction of real-time dynamic updating of the DK-model HIP simulations can give room for plug-in sub-models with real-time boundary conditions made available from a HIP portal. The possible feedback to a national real-time risk knowledge base during extreme events (flooding and drought) is also discussed. Under climate change conditions, Denmark is likely to experience more rain in winter, more evapotranspiration in summer, intensified cloudbursts, drought, and sea level rise. These challenges have been addressed as part of the Joint Governmental Digitalization Strategy 2016-2020 for better use and sharing of public data about the terrain, water, and climate to support climate adaptation, water management, and disaster risk reduction. This initiative included the development of a new web-based data portal (HIP portal) developed by the Danish Agency for Data Supply and Infrastructure (SDFI). GEUS delivered 5 terra-byte of hydrological model data to the portal with robust calibration methods and hybrid Machine Learning (ML) being key parts of the deliverables. The paper discusses the challenges and potentials of further developing the HIP Digital Twin with ‘plug-in Digital Twins’ for local river basins including feedback to the national level.
Attenuation and Degeneration of SARS-CoV-2 Despite of Adaptive Evolution
Authors: Liu Yingguang
Published: November 2022

Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has followed similar trends as other RNA viruses, e.g., HIV-1 and influenza A. Rapid initial diversification was followed by strong competition and rapid succession of dominant variants. Host-initiated RNA editing has been the primary mechanism for introducing mutations. A significant number of mutations were detrimental and were quickly purged. Fixed mutations are mostly diversifying mutations selected for host adaptation and immune evasion, with the latter accounting for more of the changes. However, immune evasion often comes at the cost of functionality, so that optimal functionality is still far from being accomplished. Instead, selection for antibody-escaping variants and accumulation of near-neutral mutations has led to suboptimal codon usage and reduced replicative capacity as demonstrated in non-respiratory cell lines. Beneficial adaptation of the virus includes reduced infectivity in lung tissues and increased tropism for the upper airway, resulting in shorter incubation periods, milder diseases, and more efficient transmission between people.
Bridging the Gap Between Laboratory and Applied Research on Response-Independent Schedules
Authors: Ingvarsson Einar T. , Fernandez Eduardo J.
Published: November 2022

In 1948, Skinner described the behavior of pigeons under response-independent schedules as “superstitious,” and proposed that the responses were reinforced by contiguous, adventitious food deliveries. Subsequently, response-independent schedules have been of interest to both basic and applied researchers, first to understand the mechanisms involved, and later, as “noncontingent reinforcement” (NCR) to reduce undesirable behavior. However, the potential superstitious effects produced by these schedules have been challenged, with some researchers arguing that antecedent variables play a significant role. This paper examines the evidence for adventitious reinforcement from both laboratory and applied research, the results of which suggest that antecedent, non-operant functions may be important in fully understanding the effects of NCR. We propose an applied-basic research synthesis, in which attention to potential non-operant functions could provide a more complete understanding of response-independent schedules. We conclude with a summary of the applied implications of the non-operant functions of NCR schedules.
Photochemical Degradation of the UV Filter Octyl Methoxy Cinnamate Probed via Laser Interfaced Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wong Natalie G. K. , Sereli Maria , Anstöter Cate S , Dessent Caroline E. H.
Published: November 2022

Octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) is a common UVA and UVB filter molecule that is widely used is commercial sunscreens. Here, we use gas-phase laser photodissociation spectroscopy to characterize the intrinsic photostability and photodegration products of OMC, by studying the system as its protonated form, i.e. [OMC·H]+. The major photofragments observed have, m/z 179, 161, and 133, corresponding to fragmentation on either side of the of the ether oxygen of the ester group (m/z 179, and 161) or the C-C bond adjacent to the ester carbonyl group. Additional measurements were obtained using higher-energy collisional dissociation mass spectrometry (HCD-MS), to identify fragments which result from breakdown of the vibrationally hot electronic ground state. We found that the m/z 179 and 161 ions are the main fragments produced by this route. Notably, the m/z 133 ion was not observed through HCD-MS, revealing that this product ion is only produced through a photochemical route. Our results demonstrate that UV photoexcitation of OMC is able to access a dissociative excited state surface that uniquely leads to rupture of the C-C bond adjacent to the key ester carbonyl group.
Polyurethane Foam Residue Biodegradation through Tenebrio molitor Digestive Tract. Microbial Communities and Enzymatic Activity Involvement
Authors: Orts Jose M. , Parrado Juan , Cuartero Jessica , Tejada Manuel , Pascual Jose A. , Ros Margarita
Published: November 2022

Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer widely used by humans whose recycling is highly complex due his chemical structure, being limited to incineration or accumulation in landfills. Biodegradation by enzymes and microorganisms has been studied for decades as an effective method of biological decomposition. In this study, Tenebrio molitor larvae (T. molitor) were fed with polyurethane foams, which gut enzymes and microorganisms were capable of degrading the polymer by 35% in 17 days of treatment, producing a weight loss of 14% in the mealworm. Changes in T. molitor gut bacterial community and diversity were observed, which may be due to colonization of species associated with PU degradation. Physical and structural biodegradation in PU by T. molitor compared to virgin PU, was demonstrated by Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microphotography (SEM).
Perlindungan Hukum Konsumen: Efektivitas Pengawasan Produksi Air Minum Isi Ulang
Authors: Arfanita Arfanita , Insarullah Insarullah , Achmad Andi Nurul Isnawidiawinarti
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of supervision of the production of refilled drinking water and the role of the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency in providing legal protection to consumers in Palu City. This study uses empirical legal research on the operation of law (law in action) in society. The results show that legal protection for consumers of refilled drinking water is the responsibility of local governments. Supervision of refilled drinking water production in Palu City needs to be more adequate than expected by consumers. The public does not fully know the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency, so since its establishment until this research, there has never been a consumer dispute over refilled drinking water before being tried at the Palu City Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency. Therefore, it is necessary to provide guidance and outreach to the community regarding the feasibility of refilling drinking water and the institutional existence of the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency.
Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute Digit Ischemia in the Setting of Heterozygous Factor V Leiden Mutation
Authors: Nikizad Hooman , Tsai David , Lookstein Robert , Hausman Michael
Published: November 2022

Case:

We are reporting the successful treatment of a patient with a heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation who presented with spontaneous thrombotic ischemia of ring and small fingers. Microcatheter-directed administration of thrombolytics at the level of common and proper digital arteries resulted in the salvage of the ring finger to the level of the distal tuft and the entirety of the small finger.

Conclusion:

Heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation is an extremely unusual etiology for thrombotic digital ischemia. This case report emphasizes the importance of correct diagnosis, timely intervention, and thrombolytic therapy using microcatheters to optimize digital rescue.
BIOTIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CONULARIIDS AND EPIBIONTS FROM THE SILURIAN WAUKESHA BIOTA
Authors: MILLER APRIL ARLENE , HUNTLEY JOHN WARREN , ANDERSON EVAN PELZNER , JACQUET SARAH MONIQUE
Published: November 2022

Here we describe an epibiont association between conulariids and holdfast producers, with attachment scars resembling those of the tubular epibiont, Sphenothallus, from the Silurian (late Telychian Series) Brandon Bridge Formation, Wisconsin. The conulariid population represents the most abundant sessile organisms in the Waukesha Biota and consists of two species, Conularia niagarensisHall, 1852 and Metaconularia cf. manni (Roy, 1935). Attachment scars present on the conulariid test offer a unique glimpse into the paleoecology of this Silurian benthic assemblage. However, body fossils of the attached epibiont are scarce and have not been observed attached or near conulariid specimens. This study evaluates the identity and paleoecological relationship between the conulariids and their enigmatic epibionts. Statistical analyses of attachment trace size, frequency, and distribution on the conulariid test gives insight to the nature of their symbiotic relationship. Our results did not find any significant support for a parasitic relationship. However, commensalism cannot be ruled out and serves as an alternative explanation for the relationship between these two organisms.
K-Nearest Neighbor Method with Principal Component Analysis for Functional Nonparametric Regression
Authors: Ismaeel Shelan Saied , Omar Kurdistan M.Taher , Wang Bo
Published: November 2022

This paper proposed a new  method to study functional non-parametric regression data analysis with conditional expectation in the case that the covariates  are functional and the Principal Component Analysis was utilized to de-correlate the multivariate response variables. It  utilized the formula of the Nadaraya Watson estimator (K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN)) for prediction with different types of the semi-metrics, (which are based on Second Derivative and Functional Principal Component Analysis (FPCA))  for measureing the closeness between curves.  Root Mean Square Errors is used for the  implementation of this model which is then compared to the independent response method. R program is used for analysing data. Then, when  the covariates  are functional and the Principal Component Analysis was utilized to de-correlate the multivariate response variables model, results are more preferable than the independent response method. The models are demonstrated by both a simulation data and real data.
Biodegradation of Perfluorooctanoic Acid by Pseudomonas Plecoglossicida Strain DD4
Authors: Chetverikov Sergey P. , Sharipov Danil A.
Published: November 2022

Organofluorines, as a pollutant, belongs to a group of substances which are very difficult to neutralize. They are part of many products of everyday use and for this reason they pollute the environment in large quantities. Perfluorinated carboxylic acids are entered into the list of the “Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants” in order to minimize the load on the environment by significantly reducing their use, up to their complete rejection. The DD4 strain was isolated from the soil by the enrichment method and identified using 16S rRNA method as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida. It is able to metabolize perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as the only carbon source in Raymond nutrient medium with a concentration of 1000 mg/l with the release of 132 mg/l fluorine ions. In tests conducted on the biological decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid, it was possible to quantify its residues using tandem LCMS-IT-TOF. The presented results characterize the Pseudomonas plecoglossicida DD4 strain actively utilized PFOA as the sole carbon source, which characterizes it as a candidate for the creation of biological products aimed at the utilization of organofluorine pollutants.
Influence of Optical Fiber Diameters on the Performance of Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor
Authors: Hammod Haider Y. , Mossa Tammara Jamal
Published: November 2022

In this research, a sensor for chemical solutions was designed and formed using optical fiber-based on a surface Plasmon resonance technology. A single-mode optical fiber with three different diameters (25, 45 and 65) µm was used, respectively.  The second layer of the low refractive fiber was replaced by gold, which was electrically deposited at 40 µm thickness. For each of the three types of optical fiber, different saline concentrations (different index of refraction) were used to evaluate the performance of the refractive index sensor (chemical sensor) by measuring its sensitivity and resolutions. The highest values we could get for these two parameters were 240mm/RIU, and 6*10-5 RIU respectively, when the diameter of an optical fiber was 25µm.
IPv6 Security Issues: A Systematic Review Following PRISMA Guidelines
Authors: Abdullah Shubair A. , Al Ashoor Ahmed A.
Published: November 2022

Since Internet Protocol version 6 is a new technology, insecure network configurations are inevitable. The researchers contributed a lot to spreading knowledge about IPv6 vulnerabilities and how to address them over the past two decades. In this study, a systematic literature review is conducted to analyze research progress in IPv6 security field following the Preferred Reporting Items for the Systematics Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method. A total of 427 studies have been reviewed from two databases, IEEE and Scopus. To fulfil the review goal, several key data elements were extracted from each study and two kinds of analysis were administered: descriptive analysis and literature classification. The results show positive signs of the research contributions in the field, and generally, they could be considered as a reference to explore the research of in the past two decades in IPv6 security field and to draw the future directions. For example, the percentage of publishing increased from 147 per decade from 2000-2010 to 330 per decade from 2011 to 2020 which means that the percentage increase was 124%. The number of citations is another key finding that reflects the great global interest in research devoted to IPv6 security issues, as it was 409 citations in the decade from 2000-2010, then increased to 1643 citations during the decade from 2011 to 2020, that is, the percentage increase was 302%.
Study the Nuclear Structure of Some Cobalt Isotopes
Authors: Hameed Ban Sabah , Rejah Basim Khalaf
Published: November 2022

The nuclear structure of some cobalt (Co) isotopes with mass number A=56-60 has been studied depending on the effect of some physical properties such as the electromagnetic properties effects, such as, elastic longitudinal form factors, electric quadrupole moments, and magnetic dipole moments. The fp model space is used to present calculations using GXFP1 interaction by adopting the single particle wave functions of the harmonic oscillator. For all isotopes under consideration, the 40Ca nucleus is regarded as an inert core in fp model-space, while valence nucleons are moving through 1f7/2, 2p3/2, 1f5/2, and 2p1/2 orbits. The effects of core-polarization are obtained by the first order core polarization through a microscopic theory. In addition, the core polarization was added using the effective charge and effective g factors to calculate quadrupole and magnetic moments, respectively. The results obtained are compared to experimental data that is accessible.
MSRD-Unet: Multiscale Residual Dilated U-Net for Medical Image Segmentation
Authors: Khalaf Muna , Dhannoon Ban N.
Published: November 2022

Semantic segmentation is an exciting research topic in medical image analysis because it aims to detect objects in medical images. In recent years, approaches based on deep learning have shown a more reliable performance than traditional approaches in medical image segmentation. The U-Net network is one of the most successful end-to-end convolutional neural networks (CNNs) presented for medical image segmentation. This paper proposes a multiscale Residual Dilated convolution neural network (MSRD-UNet) based on U-Net. MSRD-UNet replaced the traditional convolution block with a novel deeper block that fuses multi-layer features using dilated and residual convolution. In addition, the squeeze and execution attention mechanism (SE) and the skip connections are redesigned to give a more reliable fusion of features. MSRD-UNet allows aggregation of contextual information, and the network goes without needing to increase the number of parameters or required floating-point operations (FLOPS). The proposed model was evaluated on three multimodal datasets: polyp, skin lesion, and nuclei segmentation. The obtained results proved that the MSDR-Unet model outperforms several state-of-the-art U-Net-based methods.
Treatment Costs for Patients with Streptococcus suis infection in Northern Thailand: A Hospital-based Observational Study of 14-year data
Authors: Rayanakorn Ajaree , Katip Wasan , Ademi Zanfina , Chan Kok-Gan
Published: November 2022

Background
Streptococcus suis (S.suis) is a neglected zoonotic disease that imposes a significant economic burden on healthcare and society. To our knowledge, studies estimating the cost of illness associated with S.suis treatment are limited, and no study focuses on treatment costs and potential key drivers in Thailand. This study aimed to estimate the direct medical costs associated with S.suis treatment in Thailand and identify key drivers affecting high treatment costs from the provider’s perspective.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of the 14-year data from 2005-2018 of confirmed S.suis patients admitted at Chiang Mai University Hospital (CMUH) was conducted. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data of patients’ characteristics, healthcare utilization and costs. The multiple imputation with predictive mean matching strategy was employed to deal with missing Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) data. Generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to forecast costs model and identify determinants of costs associated with S.suistreatment. The modified Park test was adopted to determine the appropriate family. All costs were inflated applying the consumer price index for medical care and presented to year 2019.
Results
Among 130 S.suis patients, the average total direct medical cost was 12,4675 Thai baht (THB) (US$ 4,016), of which the majority of expenses were from the “others” category (room charges, staff services and medical devices). Infective endocarditis (IE), GCS, length of stay, and bicarbonate level were significant predictors associated with high total treatment costs. Overall, marginal increases in IE and length of stay were significantly associated with increases in the total costs (standard error) by 132,443 THB (39,638 THB) and 5,490 THB (1,715 THB), respectively. In contrast, increases in GCS and bicarbonate levels were associated with decreases in the total costs (standard error) by 13,118 THB (5,026 THB) and 7,497 THB (3,430 THB), respectively.
Conclusions
IE, GCS, length of stay, and bicarbonate level were significant cost drivers associated with direct medical costs. Patients’ clinical status during admission significantly impacts the outcomes and total treatment costs. Early diagnosis and timely treatment were paramount to alleviate long-term complications and high healthcare expenditures.
Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in collinear Antiferromagnetism
Authors: Guo Peng-Jie , Liu Zhengxin , Lu Zhong-Yi
Published: November 2022

The two-dimensional Quantum Hall effect with no
external magnetic field is called the Quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect. So far, experimentally realized
QAH insulators all exhibit ferromagnetic order and the
QAH effect only occurs at very low temperatures. On
the other hand, up to now the QAH effect in collinear
antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials has never been
reported and the corresponding mechanism has never
been proposed. In this communication, we realize the
QAH effect by proposing a four-band lattice model with
static AFM order, which indicates that the QAH effect
can be found in AFM materials. Then, as a prototype,
we demonstrate that a monolayer CrO can be switched
from an AFM Weyl semimetal to an AFM QAH insulator
by applying strain, based on symmetry analysis and the
first-principles electronic structure calculations. Our
work not only proposes a new scenario to search for QAH
insulators in materials, but also reveals a way to considerably increase the critical temperature of the QAH phase.
Culture, Utility Function and Economic Growth: The Case of Mexican Indigenous People
Authors: Pérez-Velasco Juan Carlos
Published: November 2022

Indigenous communities are the poorest sector in Mexico, and much of their precarious situation is due to their economic behavior. This article analyzes the part of their culture that affects their current economic behavior and that is derived from what happened in their history, beginning in the colonial era. However, unlike other studies, this study links cultural aspects with a formal model of economic growth. To this end, a way of incorporating various cultural factors into the utility function of the individuals composing that society is shown, and those factors are then integrated into a model of economic growth. In this way, conclusions are obtained that would have been difficult to reach otherwise. The cultural factors that are added to the utility function are preferences for working with household specialization and using a technology similar to that used by their ancestors. The emergence and formation of these preferences is shown throughout their history because the communities were acquiring them as part of their survival strategies against a very adverse environment. Likewise, empirical evidence of the relationship of the aforementioned cultural factors with economic growth is presented.
Classification code
O12, O32, Z13
Composition and diverse differences of salivary microbiota in gastritis correlated to Helicobacter pylori patients
Authors: Wang Yuman , Huang Chongxin , Liu Xiaoyu , Liu Zhihua , Du Yanru
Published: November 2022

Objective: To explore the composition and diversity of oral microbiota in patients with Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis (HpAG), and to determine the differences of microbiota between patients with thin white moss and patients with yellow oily moss.
Methods: Between September 2021and June 2022, we flew into our study, saliva samples were collected from HC group (healthy control subjects) Hp group (hp-positive thin white moss patients, hp-positive yellow greasy moss patients).The V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA was amplified by PCR. After high-throughput sequencing, the sequencing data were processed for ASV annotation, community structure and diversity analysis.
Results: No differences in α diversity were found among the three groups.There were significant differences in the structure of the three groups in β-diversity.ANOSIM test (P = 0.001) showed significant differences between groups.At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota in HT group was significantly increased, which may be a unique biomarker of Actinobacteriota.At the genus level, the biomarkers of HC group may be Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Escherichia-Shigella.Biomarkers of BT group may be Mycoplasma, Muribaculaceae and Johnsonella.The biomarkers of HT group may be Actinomyces, Atopobium, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Stomatobaculum and Veillonella.
Conclusion: There were significant differences in the richness and diversity of salivary microbiota among the three groups.Different bacterial taxa can be used as biomarkers to increase our understanding of the relationship between salivary microbiota and H. pylori associated gastritis.
A Novel Multi-Geomagnetic Vehicle Sensors Data Feature Alignment Path Search Method of DTW
Authors: nana He , xuueyan Zheng
Published: November 2022

The recognition of vehicle information based on vehicle geomagnetic information has great advantages in ITS. Traditionally, when using a single geomagnetic sensor to detect vehicle information, less vehicle information will be obtained, and will produce large classification errors when classifying the vehicle types. After pre-processing, vehicle geomagnetic data extraction, data fusion, feature extraction and vehicle type classification, real-time vehicle information can be obtained by using multiple geomagnetic sensors for detection. In this paper, the feature points in the vehicle geomagnetic data collected by multiple sensors are aligned based on the DTW method, and the method of path search which is most suitable for the alignment of feature points of vehicle geomagnetic data is found out from many method of path search of DTW. Experiments show that compared with other methods of path search, this method has the advantages of better preservation of original data, better alignment of feature points and less computation.
Sexual habits in childhood affect penis size in later adulthood: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Oshakbayev Kuat , Kuttymuratov Gani , Ardak Ainakulov , Nabiyev Altay , Zhankalova Zulfiya , Gazaliyeva Meruyert , Tordai Attila
Published: November 2022

Background Behavioral habits and parental rearing during physical and sexual growth of men can influence to their penis size.
Aim To assess the erect penis size in adult Kazakh males and study the influence of their physiological events and behavioral habits during their body growth on their penis size.
Methods A cross-sectional survey pilot study with the intention-to-treat. The study included 282 adult Kazakh fertility males aged 23-35 years. Interventions: paper-based survey administration; erect penis length and girth measurement. Two-tailed Student’s t-test, Pearson correlation, and multivariate tests of the MANOVA/MANCOVA were used. The Ethics Committee of the National Research oncology center approved the study.
Outcomes In Kazakh men a mean age 29.6±4.4 years; body height 171.56±6.64 cm; BMI 24.53±3.40 kg/m2; erect penis length 13.41±1.04 cm and girth 11.62±0.91 cm.
Results
There was a significant correlation between erect penis length and girth (P<0.0001). The frequency of erection in 54.7% males was 5-6 times a day. The frequency of masturbation or coitus with ejaculation in 42.2% males was two times per month. 40.9% males abstained to masturbation or coitus in one of two cases. The frequency of nocturnal sperm emission was in 39.1% males one time per month.
Frequencies of erection, masturbation/coitus, abstinence to masturbation/coitus, and nocturnal emission have a statistically significant effect (P<0.01) on both erect penis length and girth in Kazakh males in their body growth.
Conclusions Sexual abstinence to coitus and masturbation during childhood has a positive increasing affect on the penis size in adulthood. The more males in childhood abstains from ejaculation, the larger their penis size in adulthood. A long-lasting extended erection during body growth has a positive effect on penis enlargement.