bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional diversity of human intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells
Authors: Mure Ludovic S. , Vinberg Frans , Hanneken Anne , Panda Satchidananda
Published: December 2019

Sensing light without forming images

In the rodent retina, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) entrain circadian rhythms, modulate mood, and signal pupillary accommodation. Such responses are light-driven but not image-based. Working with donated human organ tissues, Mure
et al.
used electrophysiological approaches to identify ipRGCs in the human retina. The human retina has more cones than the retinas of nocturnal mice and rats. Differences in sensitivity, latency, and duration of responses identified three subtypes of human ipRGCs.

Science
, this issue p.
1251
Biocatalytic cascades go viral
Authors: O'Reilly Elaine , Ryan James
Published: December 2019

An investigational drug targeting the HIV virus is synthesized with nine enzymes
Ushering along B cells to neutralize HIV
Authors: Agazio Amanda , Torres Raul M.
Published: December 2019

Progress in staged immunizations designed to elicit a vaccine response is reported
Lymphatic vessels as a stem cell niche
Authors: Harvey Natasha L.
Published: December 2019

Reciprocal signaling between lymphatic vessels and hair follicle stem cells drives skin regeneration
Wishlist-worthy books for young readers
Follow That Bee! A First Book of Bees in the City
, Scot Ritchie, Kids Can Press, 2019, 32 pp.
When Sue Found Sue: Sue Hendrickson Discovers Her T. Rex,
Toni Buzzeo, Illustrated by Diana Sudyka, Abrams, 2019, 32 pp.
Moth: An Evolution Story
, Isabel Thomas, Illustrated by Daniel Egnéus, Bloomsbury, 2019, 48 pp.
Butterflies in Room 6: See How They Grow
, Caroline Arnold, Charlesbridge, 2019, 40 pp.
Planetarium
, Raman Prinja, Illustrated by Chris Wormell, Big Picture Press, 2019, 104 pp.
Eye Spy: Wild Ways Animals See the World
, Guillaume Duprat, What on Earth Books, 2018, 36 pp.
Kid Scientists: True Tales of Childhood from Science Superstars
, David Stabler, Illustrated by Anoosha Syed, Quirk Books, 2018, 207 pp.
Owling: Enter the World of the Mysterious Birds of the Night
, Mark Wilson, Storey Publishing, 2019, 122 pp.
Plantology: 30 Activities and Observations for Exploring the World of Plants
, Michael Elsohn Ross, Chicago Review Press, 2019, 128 pp.
Science in a Jar: 35+ Experiments in Biology, Chemistry, Weather, the Environment, and More!
, Julia Garstecki, Quarto, 2019, 128 pp.
Can You Crack the Code? A Fascinating History of Ciphers and Cryptography
, Ella Schwartz, Illustrated by Lily Williams, Bloomsbury, 2019, 128 pp.
George Washington Carver for Kids: His Life and Discoveries with 21 Activities
, Peggy Thomas, Chicago Review Press, 2019, 136 pp.
How to Walk on Water and Climb up Walls: Animal Movement and the Robots of the Future
, David L. Hu, Princeton University Press, 2018, 238 pp.
Never Home Alone: From Microbes to Millipedes, Camel Crickets, and Honeybees, the Natural History of Where We Live
, Rob Dunn, Basic Books, 2018, 330 pp.
Superheavy: Making and Breaking the Periodic Table
, Kit Chapman, Bloomsbury Sigma, 2019, 304 pp.
The Ice at the End of the World: An Epic Journey into Greenland's Buried Past and Our Perilous Future
, Jon Gertner, Random House, 2019, 445 pp.
Authors: Balasubramani Anand , Sills Jennifer , Wible Brad , Ash Caroline , Stewart Hilary , Hines Pamela J. , Ucko Hadassah Nusinovich , Nusinovich Yevgeniya , Zahn Laura M. , Funk Michael A. , Scanlon Seth , Cho Adrian , Bradford Monica , Lavine Marc S. , Sugden Andrew , Smith Nathaniel , Glassley William E.
Published: December 2019

From cryptic ciphers and wall-climbing robots to dinosaur digs and visits to the planetarium, this year's finalists for the Science Books and Films (SB&F) Prizes for Excellence in Science Books are packed with fun facts, easy-to-do experiments, and plenty of creepy-crawly creatures. Sponsored by Subaru and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS, the publisher of
Science
), the SB&F competition celebrates high-quality science books for young readers. Read on for reviews of the finalists, written by the staff of the
Science
family of journals, with help from a few friends.
Lasting signature of forest fragmentation
Authors: Hargreaves Anna
Published: December 2019

Animal communities that endured historical environmental upheavals are less sensitive to modern ones
Getting the EPA back on track
Authors: Miranda Marie Lynn
Published: December 2019

Your information will be kept confidential, and the lessons learned from your participation will serve society—those are the promises made by researchers to participants in studies designed to inform environmental policies, from clean water and air to chemical exposure limits. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) may well break this fundamental pact next year, putting the agency at odds with its very mission “to protect human health and the environment.” Hopefully, the EPA will realize that this would jeopardize regulations that keep the environment safe to live in, and correct course back to sound policy-making.
Phylogenomic Analyses of Members of the Widespread Marine Heterotrophic Genus
Pseudovibrio
Suggest Distinct Evolutionary Trajectories and a Novel Genus,
Polycladidibacter
gen. nov
Authors: Hinger I. , Ansorge R. , Mussmann M. , Romano S.
Published: December 2019

The genus
Pseudovibrio
is commonly associated with marine invertebrates, which are essential for ocean health and marine nutrient cycling. Traditionally, the phylogeny of the genus has been based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. The use of the 16S rRNA gene or any other single marker gene for robust phylogenetic placement has recently been questioned. We used a large set of marker genes from all available
Pseudovibrio
genomes for in-depth phylogenomic analyses. We identified divergent monophyletic basal lineages within the
Pseudovibrio
genus, including two strains isolated from polyclad flatworms. These strains showed reduced sulfur metabolism and biosynthesis capacities. The phylogenomic analyses revealed distinct evolutionary trajectories and ecological adaptations that differentiate the divergent strains from the other
Pseudovibrio
members and suggest that they fall into a novel genus. Our data show the importance of widening the use of phylogenomics for better understanding bacterial physiology, phylogeny, and evolution.
Bacillus subtilis Regulators MntR and Zur Participate in Redox Cycling, Antibiotic Sensitivity, and Cell Wall Plasticity
Authors: Randazzo Paola , Anba-Mondoloni Jamila , Aubert-Frambourg Anne , Guillot Alain , Pechoux Christine , Vidic Jasmina , Auger Sandrine
Published: December 2019

Manganese and zinc are essential transition metals involved in many fundamental cellular processes, including protection against external oxidative stress. In
Bacillus subtilis
, Zur and MntR are key transcriptional regulators of zinc and manganese homeostasis, respectively. In this work, proteome analysis of
B. subtilis
wild-type, Δ
mntR
, and Δ
zur
strains provided new insights into bacterial adaptation to deregulation of essential metal ions. Deletions of
mntR
and
zur
genes increased bacterial sensitivity to lysozyme, beta-lactam antibiotics, and external oxidative stress and impacted the cell wall thickness. Overall, these findings highlight that Zur and MntR regulatory networks are connected to antibiotic sensitivity and cell wall plasticity.
Influenza Virus Hemagglutinins H2, H5, H6, and H11 Are Not Targets of Pulmonary Surfactant Protein D:
N
-Glycan Subtypes in Host-Pathogen Interactions
Authors: Parsons Lisa M. , An Yanming , Qi Li , White Mitchell R. , van der Woude Roosmarijn , Hartshorn Kevan L. , Taubenberger Jeffery K. , de Vries Robert P. , Cipollo John F.
Published: December 2019

Low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) subtypes can reassort with circulating human strains and pandemic viruses can emerge in human populations, as was seen in the 1957 pandemic, in which an H2 virus reassorted with the circulating H1N1 to create a novel H2N2 genotype. Lung surfactant protein D (SP-D), a key factor in first-line innate immunity defense, removes influenza type A virus (IAV) through interaction with hemagglutinin (HA) head region high-mannose glycan(s). While it is known that both H1 and H3 HAs have one or more key high-mannose glycosites in the head region, little is known about similar glycosylation of LPAIV strains H2N1, H5N1, H6N1, or H11N9, which may pose future health risks. Here, we demonstrate that the hemagglutinins of LPAIV strains do not have the required high-mannose glycans and do not interact with SP-D, and that sequence analysis can predict glycan subtype, thus predicting the presence or absence of this virulence marker.
Rare and unusual case of familial focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz syndrome) presenting to otolaryngology in the UK
Authors: Freethy Alexander , Acharya Vikas , Iacovidou Aphrodite , Taghi Ali
Published: December 2019

Goltz syndrome or focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH), is an X-linked dominant condition which predominantly involves the skin, limbs and eyes. In otolaryngology, FDH has been poorly described, but can result in increased symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea requiring surgery. There have also been documented cases of mixed severe hearing loss secondary to congenital ossicular anomalies. More frequently, patients present to the ear–nose–throat clinic with symptoms of dysphagia, secondary to papillomatosis. A 36-year-old woman presented with pain, irritation and dysphagia with a known diagnosis of FDH. She was subsequently investigated with an oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy, Barium Swallow and an MRI neck scan with contrast. Lymphoid hyperplasia was found on investigation and the patient underwent a panendoscopy with CO2laser to the lesion with good clinical outcome. This case report highlights the need for multidisciplinary team involvement to ensure full consideration of management options.
Paradoxical deterioration in seizure control due to anticonvulsant-induced hypocalcaemia
Authors: Gauci Zachary , Rizzo Christopher , Mifsud Simon , Cachia Mario J
Published: December 2019

Hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme induction is associated with certain antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and may result in hypocalcaemia secondary to vitamin D deficiency. We report a case of a 44-year-old man with a history of epilepsy, who presented with breakthrough seizures after having previously been seizure-free for 11 years. Investigations revealed severe hypocalcaemia with a corrected calcium of 1.7 mmol/L. His phenytoin dose was increased, and he was started on calcium supplementation. He was discharged with a corrected calcium level of 2.05 mmol/L but was readmitted 1 week later with further seizures and a corrected calcium of 1.89 mmol/L. 25-hydroxyvitamin D was low. AED-induced hypocalcaemia was suspected, which had been made paradoxically worse by the increase in phenytoin dose. Alfacalcidol was prescribed and he was switched from phenytoin to levetiracetam with resolution of hypocalcaemia and no further seizures. The authors recommend screening for calcium and vitamin D deficiency in patients on enzyme-inducing AEDs.
Large mediastinal haematoma after paraoesophageal hernia repair
Authors: Finnegan Tim , MacDonald Nicholas , Gianis Thomas , Senkowski Christopher
Published: December 2019

Mediastinal haematoma is a rare complication of laparoscopic paraoesophageal hernia repair with few documented cases in the current literature. Presentation of this unique clinical problem can range from extrinsic oesophageal obstruction to life-hreatening cardiac tamponade and therefore, warrants further discussion of at-risk population aetiology, diagnosis and successful management strategies. We present the case of a 71-year-old woman who underwent laparoscopic paraoesophageal hernia repair with nissen fundoplication complicated by severe dysphagia on postoperative day 12. Further evaluation with oesophagram and CT imaging revealed a large mediastinal haematoma with near obstruction of the distal oesophagus. This was managed successfully with laparoscopic transhiatal washout and drainage.
Cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease: clinical management and prevention
Authors: Joe Elizabeth , Ringman John M
Published: December 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β in the form of extracellular plaques and by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, with eventual neurodegeneration and dementia. There is currently no disease-modifying treatment though several symptomatic medications exist with modest benefit on cognition. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have a consistent benefit across all stages of dementia; their benefit in mild cognitive impairment and prodromal AD is unproven. Memantine has a smaller benefit on cognition overall which is limited to the moderate to severe stages, and the combination of a cholinesterase inhibitor and memantine may have additional efficacy. Evidence for the efficacy of vitamin E supplementation and medical foods is weak but might be considered in the context of cost, availability, and safety in individual patients. Apparently promising disease-modifying interventions, mostly addressing the amyloid cascade hypothesis of AD, have recently failed to demonstrate efficacy so novel approaches must be considered.
The development and application of a mobile-based data collection system for a growth monitoring programme in selected primary care centres in the Republic of Mauritius
Authors: Irache Ana , Murachpersad Raveena , Caleyachetty Rishi
Published: December 2019

There is increased interest in child nutrition globally which has resulted in high-level commitments to address child malnutrition. However, monitoring these commitments are hindered by non-existent or weak paper-based child nutrition surveillance systems. We describe the development and application of a mobile-based data collection system in near real-time for children aged 0–5 years attending government growth monitoring sessions in selected primary care centres in the Republic of Mauritius. The mobile-based data collection form was designed using KoBoToolbox and was used in the growth monitoring programme across two districts in the north of the country. We observed nine primary care centres over a period of 18 days and collected routine data on weight from 576 children. A short questionnaire and interviews were conducted with a member of healthcare staff involved in the growth monitoring programme to measure the usability and explore the perceptions of an electronic data collection form. Prevalence estimates of child underweight and overweight were also calculated. Eight out of 10 (80%) participants obtained a System Usability Scale score >80. Healthcare staff believed that the mobile-based form had the potential to reduce their workload and reduce data transmission time. An important deployment-related issue was the need for adequate training in the use of a mobile device to collect nutrition surveillance data. Overall, 5.5% (95% CI 3.9% to 7.7%) of children were underweight and 4.4% (95% CI 3.0% to 6.5%) were overweight. Through the development and implementation of this mobile-based data collection system, we have shown the value and potential usability for mobile technologies to strengthen the child nutrition surveillance system in the Republic of Mauritius.
Promoting women’s and children’s health through community groups in low-income and middle-income countries: a mixed-methods systematic review of mechanisms, enablers and barriers
Authors: Gram Lu , Fitchett Adam , Ashraf Asma , Daruwalla Nayreen , Osrin David
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Community mobilisation through group activities has been used to improve women’s and children’s health in a range of low-income and middle-income contexts, but the mechanisms through which it works deserve greater consideration. We did a mixed-methods systematic review of mechanisms, enablers and barriers to the promotion of women’s and children’s health in community mobilisation interventions.

Methods

We searched for theoretical and empirical peer-reviewed articles between January 2000 and November 2018. First, we extracted and collated proposed mechanisms, enablers and barriers into categories. Second, we extracted and synthesised evidence for them using narrative synthesis. We assessed risk of bias with adapted Downs and Black and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists. We assigned confidence grades to each proposed mechanism, enabler and barrier.

Results

78 articles met the inclusion criteria, of which 39 described interventions based on a participatory group education model, 19 described community-led structural interventions to promote sexual health in marginalised populations and 20 concerned other types of intervention or multiple interventions at once. We did not have high confidence in any mechanism, enabler or barrier. Two out of 15 proposed mechanisms and 10 out of 12 proposed enablers and barriers reached medium confidence. A few studies provided direct evidence relating proposed mechanisms, enablers or barriers to health behaviours or health outcomes. Only two studies presented mediation or interaction analysis for a proposed mechanism, enabler or barrier.

Conclusion

We uncovered multiple proposed mechanisms, enablers and barriers to health promotion through community groups, but much work remains to provide a robust evidence base for proposed mechanisms, enablers and barriers.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018093695.
Defining the needs and preferences of patients with dry eye disease
Authors: Asbell Penny , Messmer Elisabeth , Chan Colin , Johnson Gary , Sloesen Brigitte , Cook Nigel
Published: December 2019

Objective

Dry eye disease is a multifactorial chronic disease, leading to ocular discomfort and visual disturbance with a substantial impact on quality of life. Therefore, the patient’s perspective should be taken into account early in the drug development process. We have developed a step-by-step methodology based on the self-explicated conjoint approach to assess the needs and preferences of patients with moderate-to-severe dry eye disease.

Methods and Analysis

Following a literature review and social media listening (step 0), qualitative phone call interviews were conducted with 12 patients (step 1). Patients’ responses underwent content analysis and were coded, quantified and displayed as charts. Based on the emerging trends and attributes identified as relevant in steps 0 and 1, a quantitative online questionnaire was designed and conducted with 160 patients across four countries (step 2).

Results

The online questionnaire was rated as easy/very easy to understand by 60% of respondents, 62% rated the survey as easy/very easy to complete and 71% rated it as interesting/very interesting. Treatment satisfaction was the most important aspect for patients, and the three most relevant attributes were as follows (with the most important indexed to 100%): ‘treatment effectiveness on symptoms of dry eyes’ (100%), ‘frequency of treatment use’ (96%) and ‘how the treatment works’ (95%).

Conclusion

Our methodology was well received by patients, and the results will help inform future clinical trial development and discussions with health technology assessment bodies and regulators on unmet needs and product attributes that are of most value to patients with dry eye disease.
Impact of social deprivation on outcome following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)
Authors: Mohee Kevin , Protty Majd B , Whiffen Tony , Chase Alexander , Smith Dave
Published: December 2019

Objectives

We sought to evaluate whether socioeconomic status influences outcome after first-time transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Method

This is a single-centre study carried out in Swansea, South West Wales, UK between 5 November 2009 and 10 June 2018. Data included age, gender, domiciliary postal code, comorbidities, complications post-TAVI, length of stay, follow-up time and survival status. The Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation, 2014 was used to stratify cases by level of social deprivation according to domiciliary postal codes.

Results

Study population was 387 patients of whom 213 (54.8%) were men with mean age ±SD of 82.8±8.3 years. Patients, who were less deprived (296 (76.4%)), were more likely to be older (83.5±7.9 vs 80.4±9.3, p<0.05) and to be married (83.2% vs 69.7%, p<0.05). Conversely, ‘more deprived’ patients (91 (23.6%)) were more likely to have a longer stay in hospital as compared with patients in the ‘less deprived group’ (29.6±32.7 days vs 21.3±21.1 days, p<0.05). However, 30-day, 1-year and 3-year survival/mortality rates were similar across all socioeconomic levels.

Conclusions

This is the first study in which social deprivation has been investigated as a risk factor for mortality in a high-risk group of patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVI. Residing in a ‘more deprived’ area in South West Wales is not associated with adverse outcome following TAVI but patients who are ‘more deprived’ tend to stay longer in hospital compared with patients who are ‘less deprived’.
High-moisture alfalfa hay conserved with a mixture ofPediococcus pentosaceusand chitinase has a similar feed value to that conserved at optimal moisture
Authors: Jin L. , Chevaux E. , McAllister T. , Baah J. , Drouin P. , Wang Y.
Published: December 2019

Two separate experiments were conducted to compare the nutrient digestion and growth performance of beef cattle fed diets containing up to 77% of two conserved alfalfa hays. The two alfalfa hays were baled either at the optimum moisture (8.6%) or at a higher-than optimum moisture (21.4%) with application of a mixture of Pediococcus pentosaceus and chitinase at baling. Digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, rumen parameters, and growth performance were similar (P ≥ 0.16) for cattle fed either diet. A combination of P. pentosaceus and chitinase has the potential to preserve high-moisture alfalfa hay.
Measures of fish community size structure as indicators for stream monitoring programs
Authors: Sutton Isaac A. , Jones Nicholas E.
Published: December 2019

Characterization of community size structure presents an alternative to taxa-based approaches commonly applied to assess lotic ecosystem health. However, few studies have explored the relationship between community size structure and land use stresses in lotic systems. In the present study, we investigated use of metrics including mean body size, body size range, size diversity, size evenness, and the size spectrum slope as indicators of land use disturbance in streams. We also explored the effects of sampling intensity (one- versus three-pass electrofishing) on these size-based variables. We found significant decreases in size range and diversity with increased urban cover. In contrast, mean body size, size evenness, and size spectrum slopes were unrelated to variation in land use. Fewer than 25% of samples collected conformed to the power law model predicted for size distributions in aquatic ecosystems. However, increased departure from the power law form was related to agricultural cover and the use of three-pass electrofishing.
Evaluation of mass transport cavitation models for unsteady cavitating flows
Authors: Zhai Zhangming , Chen Tairan , Li Haiyang
Published: December 2019

Modeling of unsteady cavitating flow is a critical issue in a lot of practical cases. The objective of this paper is to assess the practical applicability of three widely used mass transport cavitation models under RANS framework, including the Kubota model, Kunz model, and Singhal model, for predicting partial sheet cavitating flow around an axisymmetric body with hemispherical head and unsteady cloud cavitating flow around a Clark-Y hydrofoil. The results show that for the axisymmetric cylindrical body, all three cavitation models could generally predict the pressure distributions. The significant differences are found around the closure region of the attached cavity due to the magnitude and distribution of mass transfer rate. For the unsteady cavitating flow along the hydrofoil, the significant differences with different cavitation model are observed in time-averaged and time-dependent concerning the cavity shapes, multiphase structures and the cloud shedding dynamics. The Singhal model coupling the effect between the vorticity distribution and the cavity dynamics agrees best with the experimental measurements.
Local Comparative Decimal Pattern for Face Recognition
Authors: Tabejamaat Mohsen , Mousavi Abdolmajid , Gavrilova Marina L.
Published: December 2019

Rapid growth of social networks has provided an extraordinary medium to share a large volume of photographs online. This calls for designing efficient face recognition techniques that are applicable to images with low resolutions and arbitrary poses. This paper proposes a new pose invariant face recognition method for low resolution images using only a single training sample. A 3D model, reconstructed using Generic Elastic Model (3D GEM) from a frontal view training sample, is used to generate a set of nonfrontal gallery face images. The face region of the nonfrontal query sample is then extracted using the same landmark detection technique as in the 3D GEM algorithm. Afterwards, a novel texture representation technique called Local Comparative Decimal Pattern (LCDP) is proposed to extract features from each of the training and query samples. A set of experimental results on the ORL, Georgia Tech (GT), and LFW face databases demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed method compared to other state-of-the-art approaches.
Company and State Performance in Key Enabling Technologies — Case Study of Nanotechnology Industry
Authors: Duskova Monika , Souckova Marketa
Published: December 2019

The so-called Key Enabling Technologies (KETs) are high-tech and promising technologies that are expected to significantly contribute to solving the societal and environmental challenges, which modern European society is facing. Thus, European Commission significantly supports the innovations relating to KETs. Focusing at one of KETs — nanotechnology, the aim of the paper is to present current complex evaluation system of KETs based on technology indicators and applying it at specific use case of moderate and lead nanotechnology-performing countries. Furthermore, the two-dimensional (technology and economic) assessment of the nanotechnology-performing companies in each country is done in order to support the KETs evaluation results. The quantitative and qualitative data of secondary research by various open databases are used. Finally, the necessity of complex evaluation of KETs implementation applying principles of the sustainable development and technology dimension is addressed.
在地结义
Authors: 黄 文车
Published: December 2019

新马地区华人之闽南王爷信仰虽多起缘自福建原乡，然而当闽南王爷信仰随落番移民南传至新马地区之时，势必也会因为 “空间位移” 后面对不同环境与文化而产生变异。本论文主要观察北马槟榔屿、威省北海地区以 “灵应社” 为系统的孙佘池三王府如何发展其信仰文化与网络建构，思考马来西亚福建华人对于闽南王爷信仰的延续情形

本文所观察的槟城孙佘池三王府信仰透过早期华人社会的 “取义” 与 “结盟” 联结，进行由人境到神境的互动网络，如此除了可以凝聚海外华人对于家乡王府大人公信仰认同的凝聚力之外，更可用以对付外侮或谋求共利。“灵应社”各庙宇透过大规模酬神庆典绕境活动，以及施医派药善举，藉以延续王府大人公在马来西亚的 “巡狩” 神格，这也形成槟城孙佘池三王府大人巡狩南洋的神威显现。
南洋史地
Authors: 杨 斌
Published: December 2019

本文介绍饶宗颐在新加坡大学中文系执教期间参与的南洋史地学术史上一次著名的学案，也就是1970年饶宗颐、许云樵和陈育崧在新加坡关于 "蒲罗中" 问题的一场论战。论战第一阶段，针对1950年代许云樵提出的 "蒲罗中国" 是一千七百多年前的新加坡古地名这一观点，饶宗颐于1970年重新释读文献，提出不同意见，饶、许两人争论针锋相对而彬彬有礼;论战第二阶段在陈育崧和许云樵之间展开，掺杂了两人过去的不少恩怨，脱离了学术讨论的轨道。本文审视此次学案，期望能够恢复上述学者关于南洋史地研究的贡献，恢复学术史本来面目，同时借此管窥二战后海外华人学术界的演化以及冷战对于南洋史地研究旨趣的影响。
Efficient Expression, Purification and Functional Evaluation of Human Epidermal Growth Factor-Collagen Binding Domain Hybrid Protein on Growth Stimulation of Human Fibroblast Cells
Authors: Parsaei Asghar , Shahsavarani Hosein , Noormohammadi Zahra , Irani Shiva , Shokrgozar Mohammadali
Published: December 2019

Growth factors such as human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) have recently received high interest in regenerative medicine and pharmaceutical industries mainly due to their ability to restore tissues proliferation and improvement of their biological functions. In spite of various hEGF applications, its efficient expression in Escherichia coli could not yet reach an industrial reality mainly due to the lack of the ability of folding into the correct 3D structure because of three disulfide bonds in monomer hEGF. To address these challenges, here a fusion hEGF protein with a C terminus of collagen binding domain (CBD) along with intein protein with self-splicing property and ELP sequence was constructed by a three-step cloning procedure. This enabled us to purify recombinant hEGF without using chromatography columns. Following the confirmation of the construct by colony PCR, restriction enzymes analysis and sequencing, the 62[Formula: see text]kDa band of ELP-INTEIN-hEGF-CBD were observed on SDS-PAGE and confirmed by western blotting. Subsequently, the mitotic activity in Balb/c 3T3 cells proliferation in presence of recombinant hEGF-CBD compared with commercial hEGF using methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay which showed that our purified recombinant protein stimulates the cell proliferation similar to the commercial protein. Our strategy could be considered as a new feasible approach to produce hEGF in E. coli for pharmaceutical and clinical applications.
Editors' Welcome
Authors: Erickson Ingrid , Vivacqua Adriana S. , Christensen Lars Rune , Holten Moller Naja L. , Baumer Eric , Wohn Yvette , Barkhuus Louise , Robert Lionel P.
Published: December 2019

It is our pleasure to welcome you to the first PACMHCI GROUP issue. For over 25 years, the GROUP research community has supported the development of robust scholarship at the intersection of Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Human Computer Interaction, Computer Supported Collaborative Learning and Socio-Technical Studies. This volume is the latest product of our efforts to validate and integrate the strong work happening within this broadly-conceived community.

We hope that the range of papers presented here reflects our intent to be international, interdisciplinary, and inclusive, both in our organization of the review process as well as within the set of accepted papers. This first PACM journal volume in the GROUP series features studies of collaboration in multiple settings, including social networks, editing systems, and mixed reality. It also showcases sociotechnical studies in domains ranging from outdoor activities to scientific projects.
Into Scandinavia
Authors: Jensen Jonas Kjeldmand , Ammari Tawfiq , Bjørn Pernille
Published: December 2019

Denmark is a generous welfare state which provides resources and legal means for fathers to take their parental role seriously and engage with their children. In this paper, we explore the relation between Danish fathers' interaction online and the societal, legal, and economic infrastructures in which they are situated. By focusing on how fathers living in Denmark make use of the Internet and social media sites to facilitate their role as parents, we are able to explore how online engagement is shaped by the different societal 'norms' of parenting. Our research outlines the ways in which societal infrastructures influence how fathers perceive, and subsequently make use of social media in relation to child-caring. We find that fathers discuss their experiences of legal inequities and stereotypical discrimination on social network sites like Facebook. We also study fathers' online reviews of a Danish parenting App, FAR, designed specifically to support fathers. By analyzing social media discussions around fatherhood in Denmark, we found connections to the ways in which the current political climate shapes and influences fatherhood in Denmark, as they reflect the societal infrastructures which situate fathers in contemporary Denmark. Further, we found a strong political interest for collective action to transform the societal infrastructures to support legal equality for child caretaking across genders. This strong political motivation is distinct from existing studies exploring how fatherhood is displayed on social media in other countries such as the USA. On this basis, we argue that research exploring social media use in institutions which are strongly shaped by societal norms, must explicitly consider the role which society takes in shaping such institutions, and include these aspects into the analysis. Our data show that fathers use social media sites as platforms to produce a fatherhood more in line with their lived experience of parenting, and that they advocate for collective political action to strengthen fathers' legal rights.
Digital Participation in Prison - A Public Discourse Analysis of the Use of ICT by Inmates
Authors: Taugerbeck Sebastian , Ahmadi Michael , Schorch Marén , Unbehaun David , Aal Konstantin , Wulf Volker
Published: December 2019

Digital participation has become an important issue in modern societies, typically focusing on groups prone to marginalization. From this perspective, less attention has yet been paid to imprisoned persons. Many penitentiary systems are formally characterized by the basic requirement of resocialization. Accordingly, life in prison should be largely adapted to conditions outside and to fundamental social changes, which must be considered in designing the framework for prison systems. Still, the digital opening of the prison is debated controversially, not least due to anticipated security issues. Hence, to raise awareness about challenges for digital participation of prisoners, we conducted a knowledge-sociological analysis (SKAD) of the public discourse on the use of ICT by prison inmates in Germany. We thereby seek to advance knowledge and insights from social and organizational practice arising from the use of ICT in context of total institutions and create the basis for action from a socio-informatics perspective.
Issues and Experiences in Building Heterogeneous Co-Editing Systems
Authors: Cho Bryden , Sun Chengzheng , Ng Agustina
Published: December 2019

Most past research efforts in co-editing focused on homogeneous co-editing, which allows multiple users to use the same editor to edit shared documents in the same session, and nearly all real-world co-editors, such as Google Docs, are homogeneous co-editors. In this work, we explore issues and solutions in building heterogeneous co-editing systems, which allow multiple users to use different editors to edit shared documents in the same session. To drive our exploration, we built a prototype heterogeneous co-editing system, named CoVim+CoEmacs, which allows multiple users to use full functionalities and UI features of two comprehensive and rivalry text editors, Vim and Emacs, in the same co-editing session. In this paper, we focus on technical issues in designing and implementing heterogeneous co-editors in general and CoVim+CoEmacs in particular. We have motivated this work by potential usage benefits of heterogeneous co-editing systems and used working scenarios under the CoVim+CoEmacs prototype to illustrate some novel usages and inner workings of such systems, but left systematic user studies on heterogeneous co-editing to future work. We hope the insights and experiences drawn from this work can not only contribute to advancing state-of-the-art collaborative system design and implementation, but also provide inspiration to future heterogeneous collaborative application system designers.
Ethical Considerations for Research Involving (Speculative) Public Data
Authors: Fiesler Casey
Published: December 2019

As the process of creating and sharing data about ourselves becomes more prevalent, researchers have access to increasingly rich data about human behavior. Framed as a fictional paper published at some point in the not-so-distant future, this design fiction draws from current inquiry and debate into the ethics of using public data for research, and speculatively extends this conversation into even more robust and more personal data that could exist when we design new technologies in the future. By looking to how the precedents of today might impact the practices of tomorrow, we can consider how we might design policies, ethical guidelines, and technologies that are forward-thinking.
Cognitive Aging and Dementia: A Life-Span Perspective
Authors: Tucker-Drob Elliot M.
Published: December 2019

This review summarizes empirical findings and theoretical concepts in cognitive aging and late-life dementia research, with emphases on ( a) person-to-person heterogeneity in trajectories of cognitive change over time, ( b) how trajectories of child cognitive development determine peak levels of adult cognitive function from which aging-related cognitive declines occur, and ( c) how lifelong trajectories of cognitive function relate to the timing of severe cognitive impairments characteristic of dementia. I consider conceptual issues surrounding categorical versus dimensional models of late-life dementia and discuss how current diagnostic approaches affect inferences in the empirical study of disease progression. Together, the incomplete current understanding of the biological foundations of aging-related cognitive declines and the continuous nature of many biomarkers commonly used in dementia diagnosis and classification pose both opportunities and challenges in the current research landscape. Future research will benefit from accurately measuring and analyzing continuous variation in longitudinal trajectories of cognitive function.
Expression of USP18 and IL2RA Is Increased in Individuals Receiving Latent Tuberculosis Treatment with Isoniazid
Authors: de Oyarzabal Eleane , García-García Lourdes , Rangel-Escareño Claudia , Ferreyra-Reyes Leticia , Orozco Lorena , Herrera María Teresa , Carranza Claudia , Sada Eduardo , Juárez Esmeralda , Ponce-de-León Alfredo , Sifuentes-Osornio José , Wilkinson Robert J. , Torres Martha
Published: December 2019

Background. The treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in individuals at risk of reactivation is essential for tuberculosis control. However, blood biomarkers associated with LTBI treatment have not been identified. Methods. Blood samples from tuberculin skin test (TST) reactive individuals were collected before and after one and six months of isoniazid (INH) therapy. Peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated, and an in-house interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) was performed. Expression of chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4), chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), chemokine ligand 11 (CXCL11), interferon alpha (IFNA), radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing 2 (RSAD2), ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18), interferon-induced protein 44 (IFI44), interferon-induced protein 44 like (IFI44L), interferon-induced protein tetratricopeptide repeats 1(IFIT1), and interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha (IL2RA) mRNA levels were assessed by qPCR before, during, and after INH treatment. Results. We observed significantly lower relative abundances of USP18, IFI44L, IFNA, and IL2RA transcripts in PBMC from IGRA-positive individuals compared to levels in IGRA-negative individuals before INH therapy. Also, relative abundance of CXCL11 was significantly lower in IGRA-positive than in IGRA-negative individuals before and after one month of INH therapy. However, the relative abundance of CCL4, CXCL10, and CXCL11 mRNA was significantly decreased and that of IL2RA and USP18 significantly increased after INH therapy, regardless of the IGRA result. Our results show that USP18, IFI44L, IFIT1, and IL2RA relative abundances increased significantly, meanwhile the relative abundance of CCL4, CXCL11, and IFNA decreased significantly after six months of INH therapy in TST-positive individuals. Conclusions. Changes in the profiles of USP18, IL2RA, IFNA, CCL4, and CXCL11 expressions during INH treatment in TST-positive individuals, regardless of IGRA status, are potential tools for monitoring latent tuberculosis treatment.
Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in Gastric Diseases: Correlation with IL-10 and IL1RN Polymorphism
Authors: Teresa Fasciana , Serra Nicola , Capra Giuseppina , Mascarella Chiara , Gagliardi Cesare , Di Carlo Paola , Cannella Sara , Simonte Maria Rosa , Lipari Dario , Sciortino Miriam , Scola Letizia , Giammanco Anna
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection have recently been shown to be associated with gastric diseases. Polymorphisms in genes encoding cytokines such as interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 1 Receptor (IL-1RN) influence cytokine secretion levels and appear to contribute to the risk of developing gastroduodenal diseases. To our knowledge, this is the first preliminary study to address the association of coinfection with H. pylori and EBV and their correlation with genetic predisposition in the development of gastric diseases. Methods. Gastric biopsy samples of 96 patients with different gastric diseases were used. Results. Our results showed that the rate of coinfection was higher in patients with gastric cancer than in patients with normal gastric mucosa, active chronic gastritis, and MALT lymphoma. As regards the characterization of H. pilory strains, the polymorphism s1m1i1 of vacA gene was more frequent in patients with MALT Lymphoma in comparison to others, while the polymorphism s2m2i2 was most frequent in patients with normal gastric mucosa. In addition, patients who tested positive for the cagA gene were more frequently those affected with gastric cancer than those with inactive chronic gastritis. Similarly, the patients with oipA gene ON were more frequently those with gastric cancer than those with inactive chronic gastritis. Conclusion. According to our analysis, there was no correlation between coinfection and polymorphisms in genes encoding IL-10 and IL-1RN. We conclude that various factors can be involved in the development of gastric diseases.
The Replanting of a 1.1 from an Ectopic Position during the Course of Orthodontic Therapy: Follow-Up at 8 Years
Authors: Figliuzzi Michele M. , Altilia Maria , Altilia Simone , Giudice Amerigo , Fortunato Leonzio
Published: December 2019

The case that is reported here describes the replanting of a 1.1 from an ectopic position during orthodontic therapy. The 9-year-old patient suffered from class 2 type malocclusion with the upper maxilla contracted, right-left posterior cross-bite. The clinical case presented the following details: in the upper incisor group, the 1.1 was overlapping the 1.2 and was distalised and completely vestibularised, whilst in the place of the 1.1, a 1.1 supernumerary persisted in occlusion. Following several medical investigations, such as OPT and, most importantly, TC cone beam investigation, the dangerous position of the dental element became clear. This did not present vestibular cortical bone but only gingival mucosa. Following these investigations, the difficulty in bringing the dental element into its natural position through orthodontic treatment became obvious since the natural position was without sufficient bone support. From this, it became obvious that surgery and replanting of the 1.1 immediately after the extraction of the supernumerary 1.1 was the only choice available.
Optimal Satellite LEO Constellation Design Based on Global Coverage in One Revisit Time
Authors: Zong Peng , Kohani Saeid
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a globe coverage of constellation satellite in one revisit and the regional coverage at defined latitude. This constellation seems to be very close to optimal under the maximum revisit time comparing to the results in other papers. They are produced easily by using tables and data achievements. These satellites are fully connected by crosslinks sweeping the Earth. This model is more optimal comparing to the conventional constellations that distribute satellites evenly in the space. Since satellites on the LEO orbit are side by side, in most cases, they can maintain communication continuously. This special feature allows all satellites in the constellation connecting ground at any time when a satellite is available to the stations. Length of the crosslink is allowed to reject location connection or real-time data transmission. For example, six satellites in the constellation cover the whole Earth within one revisit time and all the data are collected by two Earth stations for keeping continuous coverage. Thus, the adjacent satellites may be more efficient and provide more coverage.
Emergence of Coordination in Growing Decision‐Making Organizations: The Role of Complexity, Search Strategy, and Cost of Effort
Authors: Wall Friederike
Published: December 2019

Coordination among decision‐makers of an organization, each responsible for a certain partition of an overall decision‐problem, is of crucial relevance with respect to the overall performance obtained. Among the challenges of coordination in distributed decision‐making systems (DDMS) is to understand how environmental conditions like, for example, the complexity of the decision‐problem to be solved, the problem’s predictability and its dynamics shape the adaptation of coordination mechanisms. These challenges apply to DDMS resided by human decision‐makers like firms as well as to systems of artificial agents as studied in the domain of multiagent systems (MAS). It is well known that coordination for increasing decision‐problems and, accordingly, growing organizations is in a particular tension between shaping the search for new solutions and setting appropriate constraints to deal with increasing size and intraorganizational complexity. Against this background, the paper studies the adaptation of coordination in the course of growing decision‐making organizations. For this, an agent‐based simulation model based on the framework of NK fitness landscapes is employed. The study controls for different levels of complexity of the overall decision‐problem, different strategies of search for new solutions, and different levels of cost of effort to implement new solutions. The results suggest that, with respect to the emerging coordination mode, complexity subtly interferes with the search strategy employed and cost of effort. In particular, results support the conjecture that increasing complexity leads to more hierarchical coordination. However, the search strategy shapes the predominance of hierarchy in favor of granting more autonomy to decentralized decision‐makers. Moreover, the study reveals that the cost of effort for implementing new solutions in conjunction with the search strategy may remarkably affect the emerging form of coordination. This could explain differences in prevailing coordination modes across different branches or technologies or could explain the emergence of contextually inferior modes of coordination.
Dietary Cholesterol and Lipid Overload: Impact on Male Fertility
Authors: Saez Fabrice , Drevet Joël R.
Published: December 2019

Lipid metabolic disorders due to poor eating habits are on the rise in both developed and developing countries, with a negative impact of the “Western diet” on sperm count and quality. Dietary lipid imbalance can involve cholesterol, fatty acids, or both, under different pathophysiological conditions grouped under the term dyslipidemia. The general feature of dyslipidemia is the development of systemic oxidative stress, a well-known deleterious factor for the quality of male gametes and associated with infertility. Sperm are particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), an important characteristic associated with normal sperm physiology and reproductive outcomes, but also targets of choice for oxidative thrust. This review focuses on the effects of dietary cholesterol or different fatty acid overload on sperm composition and function in both animals and humans. The links between oxidative stress induced by dyslipidemia and sperm dysfunction are then discussed, including possible preventive or therapeutic strategies to preserve gamete quality, longevity when stored in cryobanking, and male fertility.