bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REVIEW OF THE BOOK BY S.Yu. SCHTEIN “MATRIX OF HUMANITIES”
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Kolotaev Vladimir A.
Published: October 2020

Review of the book by S.Yu. Schtein “Matrix of humanities”. Moscow, RGGU, 2020.
THE IMAGE OF THE ALTAR OF ST. PETER'S BASILICA IN THE ROMAN CHURCHES OF THE 12-13TH CENT.
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kuznetsova Nataliya S.
Published: October 2020

The Main purpose of the study is an analysis of influence of the image of St. Peter's Basilica on the Roman church architecture of the 12th-13th centuries. It is possible to search the special type of the presbytery, characterized by uniting of the altar on the pedestal and the reliquary “confession” in the general vertical composition. The congregation of these churches had opportunities to see the process of worship and approach the saint relicts. The altar stood so that the Priest served the mass facing the worshippers, as it was in San Pietro. So, this important monument of Rome could be a model for the other churches of the Middle Ages. Among the churches of this period, such features have the altar space of San Giovanni in Laterano, as well as the basilicas of San Giorgio in Velabro, Santa Maria Assunta in Anagni and Santi Giovanni e Paolo in Ferentino. All these buildings was connected with the Power of Papa.
THE VISUAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ANGER, FEAR AND OTHER TRAGIC EMOTIONS IN THE NETHERLANDS AND GERMANY’S ALTAR PAINTINGS OF THE XVTH AND XVITH CC.
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Zabrodina Elena A.
Published: October 2020

The most tragic emotions were perceived usually as antisocial in the Middle Ages. There was often the link between the emotions and the seven dead sins. However, the perception of these emotions could change under the influence of the situation. Sometimes tragic emotions could become logical or even useful for an individual. This aspect in the visualization of such feelings drew the spectator‘s attention especially in the Renaissance altarpieces. That is worthy to consider some fundamental emotions such as anger, sorrow, fear and so on in the context of the German and Netherlandish masters ‘works of the 15th – early 16th centuries. The main topics of the considered masterpieces are the Passion of Christ and the Last Judgment. The interdisciplinary nature of this paper allows to broaden the understanding of how compositional techniques, the color choice and even the format of the picture affect the visualization of emotions in religious works. Some Netherlandish and German masters had a narrative aim creating a scene from the cycle of the Passion of Christ, others – an expressive-symbolic aim. However, the analysis of the works of the 15th – 16th centuries’ artists considering the psychology of emotions provides new opportunities for understanding the artistic and social context of the existence of the altarpiece.
JEAN-CLAUDE RICHARD DE SAINT-NON (1727-1791), AN AMATEUR IN FINE ARTS AND A FRIEND OF ARTISTS
Authors:   Moscow State Ballet Academy, Agratina Elena E.
Published: October 2020

The article is dedicated to Jean-Claude Richard de Saint-Non (1727–1791), a refined connoisseur, a great friend of artists and an extremely charming personality. Destined to religious worship Abbot de Saint-Non had not a spiritual calling for this and was indifferent to any government service. Instead of it he devoted his own life to such activities as travelling, exploration of ancient and modern art, patronage of young painters and creation of multi-volumed treatise on the sights of Naples and Sicily. Abbot de Saint-Non himself was talented in fine art and produced some engravings after drawings by outstanding masters of his epoch, especially J.-H. Fragonard. The article examines his life, activities, and personality for the first time in Russian. It highlights de Saint-Non’s contribution to the development of the 18th-century painting and to investigation of ancient art.
A Private Case of Sendov's Conjecture
Authors: Stoyanov Todor Stoyanov
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we prove Sendovâ€™s conjecture, when a polynomial is with real coefficients and the conjecture is relevant to the zeros, which belong to the set M = D (0, 1) âˆ© [D (1, 1) âˆª D (âˆ’1, 1)]. We can see it in Figure 1. The conjecture is true for the filled areas.
New Refinement of Niezgodaâ€™s Inequality with Applications to Ky Fan Inequality
Authors: Chanan Sadia , Khan Asif R.
Published: October 2020

The aim of this article is to give the refinement of Niezgodaâ€™s inequality with its applications to Ky Fan inequality and cyclic mixed symmetric means.
Mathematical Modeling of Wastes Pile-Up in Kwadaso Municipality in Ashanti, Ghana
Authors: Barnes Benedict , Boateng Francis Ohene , Sebil Charles , Owusu Enock
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a mathematical model is introduced to describe wastes pile-up in Kwadaso Municipality which categorize wastes on the streets X1(t), wastes in gutters X2(t), wastes in the dustbins X3(t), wastes in households X4(t), wastes in the market places X5(t) and the wastes sent to dumpsites X6(t). From the qualitative data, it was observed that wastes within the Municipal keeps on pilling up as time increases indefinitely. The increase is as a result of continuous enormous quantum generation of wastes which occur in the Municipality. It was also revealed that trucks were unable to carry out the expected task of carrying wastes to dumpsites regularly leading to daily overflow of wastes in Kwadaso Municipality.
On Î²-local Functions in Ideal topological Spaces
Authors: Powar Pournima , Noiri Takashi , Bhadauria Shikha
Published: October 2020

In this paper, by using Î²-open sets in [1] we introduce and investigate the conceptsof the Î²-local function, Isâˆ—g-Î²-closed sets and Ig-Î²-closed sets in an ideal topological space. In addition to the properties, an operation clâˆ—Î² is defined and the properties are obtained similarly with the local function in [8].
A STUDY OF SELF-CONCEPT IN RELATION TO ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG 9TH STANDARD STUDENT
Authors: K Murugan , Jebaraj Justin
Published: October 2020

The specific needs for classifying these spectacles of self-concept in relation to academic achievement as a usual and predictable vital result of student growth and development rather than among compulsive symptom. The self-concept in relation to academic achievement turn out to be important in the actions of individuals. As the students are the stakes of the future generations their significance pattern of self-concept in relation to academic achievement are vital. So the present study intends to measure a study of self-concept in relation to academic achievement among 9th standard student. The investigator adopted survey method to study the self-concept between 9th standard students from selected government, private and aided school. For this study a sample of 220 students taken from five various schools which are situated in Coimbatore district selected by the investigator using simple random sampling technique.
GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON INDIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Raghunath
Published: October 2020

Globalization means different things to different people. It can be defined simply as an expansion of economic activities across political boundaries of nation states. More importantly it refers to a process of deepening economic integration, increasing economic openness and growing economic interdependence between countries in the world economy. It is associated not only with a phenomenal spread and volume of cross-border economic transactions but also with an organization of economic activities which straddle national boundaries of the world. Globalization in India is generally taken as integrating the economy of the country with the rest of the world. This in turn implies that opening up the economy to foreign direct investment by providing facilities to foreign companies to invest in different fields of economic activities in India; removing constraints and obstacles to the entry of MNCs; allowing Indian companies to enter into foreign collaborations in India and also encouraging them to set up joint ventures abroad; carrying out massive import liberalization programmes by switching over from quantitative restrictions to tariffs in the first place, and then bringing down the level of import duties considerably; and instead of plethora of export incentives opting for exchange rate adjustment for promoting exports. Whether seeds of globalization sown in pre-reform period as many concessions were granted to foreign capital, MNCs were allowed to enter a number of crucial sectors to which their entry was previously restricted and banned. The study is purely based on secondary data. It will have a discussion on negative and positive impacts of globalization on Indian economy.
Ethnological Collections in Selected South African Museums - Past Issues and Current Challenges
Authors: Motsamayi Mathodi Freddie
Published: October 2020

The paper examines the state of ethnological collections in two post-apartheid South African museums, with a specific focus on cataloguing, and is based, inter alia, on an appraisal of anthropological discourses that informed the collections. A discussion of the artefacts’ background is of importance in establishing their origins, motives for their presence in collections and the current state of these collections. Presently, such information is difficult to establish since persons who have knowledge regarding the makers, donors and collectors of artefacts are no longer part of the museums’ establishment. Evidently, curators face a huge challenge in cataloguing such materials with only patchy information available.In South Africa many ethnological collections of artefacts produced by Africans are 'owned' by heritage institutions, but the care expanded on the objects consists mainly in placing them in storeroom facilities where they are distant from custodians, devoid of identifying material, and insufficiently researched. I contend that the lacklustre manner of assessing items of indigenous material culture in museums of ethnography, and the accompanying decontextualization, are irreconcilable with their original socio-cultural and environmental significance, their meanings and technological trends. The question is what to do with museum collections of rare indigenous material culture, created in the colonial and apartheid era but which, unfortunately, are left without relevant information?
On odd prime labeling of graphs
Authors:   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, P.O. BOX 90950 Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia, Youssef Maged Zakaria , Almoreed Zainab Saad ,   Departement of Mathematics, university college of Al-Nairiya, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Published: October 2020

In this paper we give a new variation of the prime labeling. We call a graph \(G\) with vertex set \(V(G)\) has an odd prime labeling if its vertices can be labeled distinctly from the set \(\big\{1, 3, 5, ...,2\big|V(G)\big| -1\big\}\) such that for every edge \(xy\) of \(E(G)\) the labels assigned to the vertices of \(x\) and \(y\) are relatively prime. A graph that admits an odd prime labeling is called an odd prime graph. We give some families of odd prime graphs and give some necessary conditions for a graph to be odd prime. Finally, we conjecture that every prime graph is odd prime graph.
The rank of Pseudo walk matrices: controllable and recalcitrant pairs
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, University of Malta Junior College, Msida, Malta, Farrugia Alexander
Published: October 2020

A pseudo walk matrix \(\mathbf{W}_\mathbf{v}\) of a graph \(G\) having adjacency matrix \(\mathbf{A}\) is an \(n\times n\) matrix with columns \(\mathbf{v},\mathbf{A}\mathbf{v},\mathbf{A}^2\mathbf{v},\ldots,\mathbf{A}^{n-1}\mathbf{v}\) whose Gram matrix has constant skew diagonals, each containing walk enumerations in \(G\). We consider the factorization over \(\mathbb{Q}\) of the minimal polynomial \(m(G,x)\) of \(\mathbf{A}\). We prove that the rank of \(\mathbf{W}_\mathbf{v}\), for any walk vector \(\mathbf{v}\), is equal to the sum of the degrees of some, or all, of the polynomial factors of \(m(G,x)\). For some adjacency matrix \(\mathbf{A}\) and a walk vector \(\mathbf{v}\), the pair \((\mathbf{A},\mathbf{v})\) is controllable if \(\mathbf{W}_\mathbf{v}\) has full rank. We show that for graphs having an irreducible characteristic polynomial over \(\mathbb{Q}\), the pair \((\mathbf{A},\mathbf{v})\) is controllable for any walk vector \(\mathbf{v}\). We obtain the number of such graphs on up to ten vertices, revealing that they appear to be commonplace. It is also shown that, for all walk vectors \(\mathbf{v}\), the degree of the minimal polynomial of the largest eigenvalue of \(\mathbf{A}\) is a lower bound for the rank of \(\mathbf{W}_\mathbf{v}\). If the rank of \(\mathbf{W}_\mathbf{v}\) attains this lower bound, then \((\mathbf{A},\mathbf{v})\) is called a recalcitrant pair. We reveal results on recalcitrant pairs and present a graph having the property that \((\mathbf{A},\mathbf{v})\) is neither controllable nor recalcitrant for any walk vector \(\mathbf{v}\).
Numerical Simulation of Flow over Stepped Spillways with varying Step-Angle
Authors: Nasrabadi Mohsen , Aminpour Younes
Published: October 2020

In the present study, the flow over the stepped spillway was ‎ numerically investigated by using Flow3D model. The effect of step angle on different properties of Nappe flow regime such as the water surface profile, location of free-surface‎ aeration inception, Froude number at the ‎spillway’s toe, and pressure, flow velocity, air concentration and cavitation index were evaluated. The realizable k–ε was applied as the turbulence ‎model, and Volume of Fluid (VOF) model was used to determine the free surface flow profiles of the spillway. ‎The model was verified using experimental data. In order to investigate the different ‎characteristics of Nappe flow regime, 17 numerical runs was designed, in which, ‎four step angles, four flow discharge were considered to investigate the flow characteristics over the stepped spillway. The results indicated that the numerical model is well suited with the experimental data over the stepped spillway (RMSE = 0.147 and ARE = 6.9%). In addition, with increasing the step angles, the aeration inception point is generally moved ‎downstream. By increasing the step angles from zero to 10 degrees, the Froude number does not change ‎significantly, however, at the angle of 15 degrees, the Froude number decreases by about 42 ‎percent.
Economic Policy Uncertainty and Corporate Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors: Han Xun , Chen Kexin , Huang Xianjing
Published: October 2020

In recent years, the frequent adjustment of the government’s economic policies and the uncertainty of foreign economic situations have made the degree of uncertainty of China’s economic policies rise continuously. The increasing degree of policy uncertainty will inevitably affect the investment and financing decisions of micro enterprises. Then, how does economic policy uncertainty (EPU) affect mergers and acquisitions (M&A) behavior? What’s the mechanism? Based on the above questions, this paper uses the data of non-financial listed companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2008 to 2018 as a sample to explore the relationship between EPU and M&A. The study shows that rising EPU will promote corporate M&A behavior, and this effect is more significant in slow-growth companies. The relationship between EPU and M&A is affected by corporate governance, stock price volatility and financing constraints. Specifically, the company’s M&A size is more sensitive to EPU with higher level of corporate governance, higher level of stock price volatility, and lesser financing constraints. Further research shows that the rise of EPU will significantly promote the improvement of M&A performance in the short-term, but this effect does not exist in the long-term. Various robustness checks do not change the empirical results of this paper.
Research on Teaching Innovation of Property Insurance Course: Based on the Perspective of Big Data Development
Authors: Huang Jiangyu , Xue Ning
Published: October 2020

The development of big data has brought unprecedented challenges and opportunities to the teaching reform of higher education. Property insurance course is the core course of economics and management，and it is the guarantee for the supply of talents in the health financial market. Big data technology and data economy put forward innovative requirements for its teaching objectives, teaching content, and teaching system. In China's new round of double-first-class universities and disciplines, big data is an important foundation and driving force. The comprehensive integration of property insurance and big data is reflected in: Cultivate students' big data thinking; Cultivate students' practical application ability based on market employment needs; Build a new discipline system of applied economics, and achieve good coordination between property insurance courses and other disciplines; The government, enterprises and universities form a strategic partnership to jointly participate in the development and construction of courses; The formulation of government policies can have a better governance effect on the development of higher education and talent training.
Disaster Management in Nepalese Context: An Ecological Perspective
Authors: Pokhrel Kabi Prasad
Published: October 2020

This paper attempts to identify major natural hazards and disaster incidents damage and losses in Nepal. Using participatory and geographical diversity approach and for collecting information, multi- criteria decision making methods and analytical hierarchic process to identify the hazard prone area with type and intensity and location - specific innovative practices and their legitimization for integrating local knowledge and skills into mainstream development policy, science and technology through educational assessment to incorporate local knowledge as live science for disaster management, climate change adaptation and sustainable livelihood improvement. Findings of the study reveal that their variety of natural hazards, such as landslides, flood/inundation, droughts, soil erosion, earthquakes, thunderstorm/lightening and fire are exacerbated by environmental degradation processes. There are location specific local practices for resource conservation, utilization and disaster management for the well- being of communities before, during and after disasters. Such practices passed on from one generation to the next without being integrated into mainstream development strategies, disaster policy and science. Knowledge of ecology and local skills and materials for hazard prevention and mitigation have the important role to mitigate the hazards and ensure the sustainability for community life style. Moreover, this study proposed an action- oriented model i.e. political- ecological framework of the environmental resource conservation, disaster management and climate change adaptation practices in mostly vulnerable locations of Nepal. Moreover, measures are suggested to enhance the community capacity for managing their livelihood resources and are hindrance to policy making and scientific advancement at the community level with proper integration of local knowledge with science and mainstream development policy.
Municipal Solid Waste Quantity, Ingredients, and Site Disposal Problems in Pshdar District in Sulaimanyah: Iraqi Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Hamza Araz
Published: October 2020

Over the past years, the high generation of municipal solid waste has been identified as a considerable global environmental issue, due to population growth, economic development, and the industrial revolution. The present research study was conducted to evaluate the quantity, ingredients, and generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Pshdar district during winter and summer in 2019. The results revealed that the average of solid waste production in the district reached 94 tons/day and 0.761kg-capita/day. The most abundant MSW constituents are organic matter forming 75.71% of MSW of the district, followed by 13.18% of plastic content and the least ingredient is metal 0.93%. While the average ratio of paper and cardboard, textile and leather, and glass waste ingredients are 3.74%, 4.85%, and 1.66% respectively. The seasonal effect on solid waste content has been observed obviously in this research, more specifically in organic matter and textile & leather, as well as in waste generation rate. Organic matter increased from 70.73% to 80.68% from winter to summer, while, percentage of textile and leather significantly declined from 6.93% to 2.76% from winter to summer. Similarly, waste generation rate was reduced from wet to dry season from 0.846kg-cap/day to 0.676kg-cap/day.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF LAMINAR FORCED CONVECTIVE ENHANCEMENT OF (AL2O3-WATER) NANOFLUIDS IN A CIRCULAR PIPE
Authors: Salih Salah , Yaseen Duna
Published: October 2020

A two-dimensional numerical investigation on laminar forced convection is carried out to estimate the thermal and fluid field behavior of Al2O3-water nanofluid in a circular pipe with constant heat flux. In this study, the finite element method (FEM) is employed to analyze the continuity, momentum, and energy governing equations by using COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a. Computations of heat transfer rates were performed for a range of Reynolds numbers (Re ≤ 2000), and (Pr= 5.42). The effects of Reynolds number and fraction volume of nanoparticle (ɸ≤ 5%) on the mean coefficient of convection (havg), pressure drop (∆P), and thermal-hydraulic performance are investigated. The computations indicate that Al2O3 nanoparticle usage augments the average coefficient of heat convection significantly, and which is increased by (10%) with maximum pressure loss (15%) for (ɸ=5%) and high Reynolds number when compared to the base fluid. The present model is validated with empirical Shah Equation and the results showed a good agreement.
STUDYING THE EFFECT OF HIGHWAY CHARACTERISTICS ON GUTTER DESIGN BY SIMULATION MODEL
Authors: Ahmed Lamia , Dakheel Ahmed
Published: October 2020

Gutters are used to drain water way off to the Inlet. This process significantly reduces the phenomenon of hydroplaning and thus reduces traffic accidents. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the characteristics road (manning's coefficient, longitudinal slope, and cross slope) on the capacity of gutter, and spread as well as the change which was clarified for all gutters types. Two simulation models have been developed in this study, which represent the major components of the system. These models are spread Model (SM), Gutter Capacity Model (GCM), and the first model studies spread if rain information is available, while the second model studies a gutter capacity if no rain information is available. The study reached at the conclusion: gutter capacity is inverse proportion with manning’s coefficient and directly proportional with cross slope and longitudinal slope for road. Affect spread is different according to form gutter.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER IN NAJAF GOVERNORATE (IRAQ) FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES
Authors: Al-Bahrani Hussein , Abbas Zainab , AL-Yaseri Insaf
Published: October 2020

Middle East has suffered from drought since many decades because of climate changes; therefore, surface water has become scarce in many countries such as Iraq. It seems, in general that groundwater is the alternative best solution to cover the lack in water requirements of domestic, agriculture, and industry. In this study, environmental assessment was carried out for 29 wells in Najaf Governorate to evaluate their water suitability for irrigation use. This bases on comparison between 8 water quality parameters with their limitations at Food and Agriculture Organization guideline (FAO) beside British Colombia guideline (BC), the parameters are: nickel, chromium, lead, zinc, cadmium, sulfates, hydrogen power (pH), and total dissolved solids. The study outcome clarifies that there are only 4 wells have suitable water for irrigation use, the others have at least one parameter not applicable with the international guidelines of FAO and BC, which are probably not appropriate for irrigation.
Assessment of calibration coefficient ND, W in terms of absorbed dose-to-water of some ionization chambers
Authors: M Shamsuzzaman  , T Siddiqua  , MMH Bhuiyan  , ASM Habibullah Khan  , MS Rahman
Published: October 2020

The absorbed dose-to-water calibration coefficients ND,W of some ionization chambers were determined in terms of the secondary standard chambers in 60Co gamma-ray beam based on the TRS-398 protocol. The reference absorbed dose-to-water Dw were measured using secondary standard ionization chambers of model NE 2781#0537 (0.60 cm3 volume) and NE 2771#1205 (0.69 cm3 volume) which are traceable to the dosimetry laboratory of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). This study mainly focuses on the comparative assessment of the determined ND,W coefficients of twenty cylindrical ionization chambers from various user groups. The determined ND,W coefficients were compared with the manufacturer provided ND,W coefficients. The observed percentage of deviation between the measured and the manufacturer’s ND,W coefficients among all the chambers were found to be in the range of 0.019% and -2.263% as the least and highest, respectively. The observed percentage of deviations for studied chambers were found within the IAEA’s acceptance limit of 1.5% with an exception for three chambers. This observed discrepancy with the IAEA’s acceptance limit for the three chambers out of the twenty chambers, indicates the calibration necessity before using chambers in routine reference dosimetry. In ND,W measurement, the uncertainty Uc is reported with the coverage factor k=1 that providing a level of confidence of approximately 68%.
Design a solar power air conditioning system for the engineering building at Mutah University
Authors: Shahed M Farajat  , M Abu-Zaid
Published: October 2020

Jordan like the other non-oil countries, spend significant amount of its budget on importing foreign energy. Also, the power demand increases due to, the population growth, in addition to hosting high number of refugees, from neighboring countries, and the enhancement of the citizen life style. The objective of this study, is to define the cooling load requirement, for the engineering building, at Mutah University, in order to analyze suitable cooling system, to cater the required cooling load. Energy analysis carried out, using the climate variables tabulated data, and Cooling Load Temperature Difference (CLTD), and Cooling Load Factor (CLF). The required power, to drive the cooling system was defined. Climate data shows that the average temperature was 33.2 °C, 32 °C and 33.3 °C in 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively. The maximum temperatures was 38 °C registered in 2015. In this study the implementation of renewable energy, was considered by analyzing the viability of using, photovoltaic system, to provide power for the cooling system. Two options, to provide power for the system analyzed, the first option is supply the power from the grid, and the second option is, to supply the required power using photovoltaic power plant. The results show that, the cooling load of the building is 560 kW, and the required electrical power, to operate the cooling system is 224 kW electrical power. In addition, the results show that, the cost of power from PV system is, 40 % less than the cost of power from grid for the first 10 years. In addition, the payback period for the designed system is 5 years.
Usage of multi-objective genetic and multi-objective differential evolution algorithms on energy and spectral efficiencies in massive MIMO systems
Authors: Burak Kürşat Gül  , Necmi Taşpınar
Published: October 2020

There is a significant increase in the use of wireless communication and it is expected that this increase will continue progressively. In the near future, cellular network technologies are expected to be capable of increasing the area throughput hundreds of times in order to cope with the increase in data traffic. Increasing spectral efficiency (SE) with massive multi-input multi-output (Massive MIMO) systems is one of the main methods used to meet these expectations. SE means the amount of information transmitted successfully with each complex sample. Increasing the transmission power and the number of active antennas while increasing the SE increases the amount of energy consumed to very high levels. The fact that high energy consumption is harmful to the environment and costly makes it important to increase energy efficiency (EE). Various studies are carried out with the aim of bringing optimum levels of the SE and EE parameters which has trade-off between each other. Multi-objective intelligent optimization techniques are applied on the trade-off for detecting optimum SE-EE values. In this paper, multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) and multi-objective differential evolution algorithm (MODEA) are used to obtain optimum values of certain factors (amount of transmit power, number of active antennas and number of user equipments). At the last stage, the calculations made for all values of the mentioned factors and the optimization results (performed in a relatively short time compared to these calculations) are shown on the same graph.
Exploring optical properties of solar cells by programming and modeling
Authors: Jasurbek Gulomov  , Rayimjon Aliev  , Murodjon Abduvoxidov  , Avazbek Mirzaalimov  , Navruzbek Mirzaalimov
Published: October 2020

One of the main factors influencing the efficiency of solar cells is their optical properties. So, most light is reflecting back and transmit through solar cell. This leads to a decrease in the efficiency. We know that the refractive index of silicon is 3-4 depending on the wavelength of light, and the refractive index of air is about 1. This causes to reflect 34 percentages of the incident light. To reduce the amount of reflected light, the surface of the solar cell should be covered with an anti-reflection layer. It is important to determine the conditions of the types and thicknesses of the material covering the surface of the solar cell. Semiconductor devices modeling has become very popular. Because the results obtained through modeling are very close to the experimental results. In this study, we also modeled the solar cell with and without an anti-reflective layer using the Sentaurus TCAD software package and presented the results obtained. A new program was developed using the C # programming language, and a library was developed to help new researchers study the optical properties of solar cells directly for that program, and a number of results were obtained.
Improving the quality and the taste of green tea ice cream by identifying suitable cultivar, agronomic practices and processing techniques of Assamica tea grown in Sri Lanka
Authors: D. S.G. G. C. Swarnathilake  , Don Chandana Abeysinghe
Published: October 2020

The objectives of this study were to find the most suitable tea cultivar, shading effect and best tea processing technique for production of green tea powder with low astringency and amount of green tea addition to produce ice cream with best flavor and medicinal values. Green tea powder was manufactured using five different cultivars i.e. TRI 2023, TRI 2026, TRI 2027, TRI 4042 and TRI 4047 grown under shaded and un-shaded conditions with three processing techniques namely; steaming, pan firing and freeze drying and green tea ice cream was prepared using processed green tea powder. To reveal the health benefits of green tea powder and green tea ice cream, total phenolic content (TPC) , total flavonoid content (TFC) and Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were checked by using modified folin-ciocalteu method , colorimetric method and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay respectively. The best quality green tea in terms of colour and flavour can be produced from tea leaves of TRI 4047 cultivar which was cultivated under shaded conditions with freeze drying processing technique. In terms of colour and flavour, 15 g of green tea added for ice cream mixture (500 mL of milk, 125 mL of whipping cream and 150 g of sugar) is the most suitable amount to add for green tea ice cream preparation. Significantly, higher TAC, TPC and TFC in green tea ice cream when compared to normal ice cream (without green tea powder) indicating the importance of consuming value added green tea ice cream as a healthy food.
Immunization strategies in dental caries: Scopes and limitations
Authors: Paola Michelle Cantos Tello  , Gabriela Cecibel Torres Tamayo  , Hugo Alejandro Abad Ortiz  , María de Lourdes Rodríguez Coyago
Published: October 2020

Dental caries is an infectious disease, multifactorial, and considered a global public health problem. Of the cariogenic microbiota, Streptococcus mutans concentrated for years as the main etiological agent of dental caries; leading the scientific community to consider it a target of immunization strategies. However, recent studies discovered a polymicrobial ecosystem with wide variability in dental caries, and S. mutans would represent only a small part of the bacterial community, being found in less than 1% in the different types of carious lesions. Several studies have been carried out that seek to control both the appearance and the advance of cavities, for which, vaccines have been developed in two ways: passive immunization and active immunization. Both types of immunization target antigens expressed on the cell surface of the microorganism. In this study, research on the subject published in the last twenty years is reviewed, in order to establish the current state of this field, and expose its scope and limitations when it comes to meeting the objective of reducing the incidence of caries, which, according to world load studies is still high.
A cross-sectional study on assessment of physical activity level and anthropometric indicators of health risk among students of sixth year of Faculty of Medicine of Sarajevo University
Authors: Amra Catovic  , Amina Halilovic
Published: October 2020

Overweight and obesity are major public health issues worldwide. There is increased risk of obesity‐related morbidity due to accumulation of abdominal fat. Regulation of body weight depends on physical activity and diet. Young adulthood is very critical period due to a tendency to gain weight and adopt poor dietary and exercise habits. This study aimed to investigate the relationships of the anthropometrical parameters with physical activity domains in everyday life and sedentary behavior among students of sixth year of the Faculty of Medicine of Sarajevo University. A cross-sectional study was conducted during May 2020. The survey covered 56 students, aged 24, who responded online to questionnaire. A self-administered questionnaire composed of two blocks of questions. In the first block of the questionnaire, questions were related to sex, and anthropometric measures. The second block referred to the practice of physical activity (vigorous, moderate, and walking), and sitting during seven days. The data collected were processed by the descriptive statistical procedure. Overweight and obesity was found at 11(19.65%). In sample 46.43% performed vigorous intensity activities that meet with WHO criteria, 58.93 performed moderate intensity activities that meet with WHO criteria, and 39.29% performed walking activities that meet with WHO criteria. There were positive, statistically significant difference between indicators of abdominal obesity and the average time spent during 7 days in vigorous physical activity. Health and physical educators can utilize these findings to better understand that physical activity, trying to balance diet and activities.
Microbial pollution of indoor air in Riyadh city government schools
Authors: Reda Abdel-Zaher Abdel-Aziz  , Samir Mahmoud Radwan
Published: October 2020

The presence of microorganisms in indoor air represents a dangerous issue with a major impact in the field of health protection and environmental engineering. Low indoor air quality is a major trouble in government schools because of the massive density of students per classroom, inadequate supply of air from outside, as well as weak construction and poor maintenance of school buildings. Evaluation of microbial contamination within the indoor air is important to assess health dangers and establish requirements for tracking indoor air quality. Evaluation of microbial contamination is of notable significance in intensively populated centers as government schools. A study was carried out among a hundred and twenty randomly classrooms of twenty government primary schools of Riyadh city in the academic year 2018/2019. For the determination of microbial pollution, passive air sampling settle plate technique was utilized by exposing a Petri dish of appropriate agar media for one hour. Results showed that the counts of bacteria and fungi were higher in government schools in low socioeconomic districts as compared to those of high socioeconomic districts. The indoor analyses reveal that the concentration of bacteria was higher than counts of fungi. In general, Gram positive microorganisms were the dominant organisms. Gram positive bacteria, Bacillus, Micrococci and Staphylococci were the predominant bacterial strains in the schools under study. Attention has to be paid for controlling the physical factors that assist the growth and reproduction of microbes in indoor air of classrooms to keep the students and teachers healthy.
Elimination of the new coronavirus and prevention of the second wave of infection
Authors: Vladimir Zajac
Published: October 2020

Every virus is a parasite. They cannot exist alone, they depend on their wearer. This is the basic condition of its existence. What living cell carries viruses? Based on work with bovine leukosis virus (BLV) and HIV, we have found that bacteria can host the virus. We tested this assumption and confirmed the results. Based on these results and indications, we have come to the conclusion that viruses, including coronavirus, are transmitted by bacteria or yeast. By destroying the bacteria carrying the viruses, the virus ceases to exist.
THE DIALECTICAL PRESENTATION OF THE GENERAL NOTION OF CAPITAL IN THE LIGHT OF HEGEL’S PHILOSOPHY: ON THE LOGICAL ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL ECONOMY WITH SPECIAL CONSIDERATION OF ADORNO AND THE RESEARCH RESULTS OF RUBIN, BACKHAUS, REICHELT, UNO, AND SEKINE
Authors: Kubota Ken
Published: October 2020

Hegel and Marx share the concept of a strict deduction of the genesis of forms—forms of thought and being in the case of Hegel, and economic forms in the case of Marx: "the form of commodity, the form of money, the form of capital, the form of profit, of interest, etc." (Reichelt) In the article it is shown that Kozo Uno and Thomas T. Sekine in Japan as well as Hans-Georg Backhaus and Helmut Reichelt in Germany independently discovered "the premature and unnecessary reference to the labour theory of value in the early part of Capital" (Uno), stating that Marx contradicts to his own method by establishing that socially necessary labour constitutes the substance of value already at the very beginning of Capital, in the sphere of circulation, although necessary prerequisites such as competition are only available later, in the sphere of production. Finally, Uno's and Sekine's theory of capital is integrated into a system in accordance to Hegel's encyclopae-dia, involving Hegel's Logic (as logic), Uno's/Sekine's theory of capital (based on Marx) as base/substructure (nature), and superstructure (spirit).
MARX E HEGEL: RUPTURA E CONTINUIDADE NO MÉTODO DIALÉTICO
Authors: Robaina Roberto
Published: October 2020

Este artigo trata da relação entre Marx e Hegel. Aborda qual a essência da ruptura entre os autores e qual o eixo em torno do qual se pode definir a existência de continuidade. O tema central é a dialética e o método. Recorre ao testemunho de Marx acerca da sua diferença filosófica com Hegel. Parte da reivindicação do materialismo como corrente oposta ao idealismo, do qual Hegel era o principal expoente. A partir daí nos concentramos na discussão sobre a obra principal de Marx, O Capital, e buscamos mostrar a relação entre a escolha de Marx acerca de como começar sua exposição e o método de Hegel. Nosso eixo foi a categoria inicial de Marx, a mercadoria, e estabelecemos a analogia entre as determinações da mercadoria e as categorias iniciais do primeiro livro da Ciência da Lógica, a Doutrina do Ser, afirmando a importância das contradições iniciais para a compreensão do desenvolvimento do movimento do capital.
ZUR DISKUSSION UM DIE MARXSCHE KRITISCHE DARSTELLUNG. EIN DIALOG MIT DER METAPHYSIKKRITIK HEGELS
Authors: Moya Pablo Pulgar , León Angelo Narváez
Published: October 2020

Die metatheoretische Charakterisierung der Marxschen Verfahrensweise repräsentiert vielleicht die wichtigste Problematisierung der Wissenschaftlichkeit seiner Ökonomiekritik. Trotz der großen Unterschiede zwischen den unterschiedlichen Paradigmen in der Marxschen Methode kann man etwas Gemeinsames in allen diesen Lektüren finden: die gemeinsame Anerkennung der Darstellung der politischen Ökonomie als Kritik. Die Analyse der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft und ihrer Kategorien sollte nach Marx vor allem in einer kritischen Weise durchgeführt werden. Somit ist die Kritik nicht nur eine Bezeichnung der Darstellung, sondern eine wesentliche Komponente ihrer Wissenschaftlichkeit. Die theoretische Rekonstruktion der Wissenschaft bei Marx findet in Hegels Kritik-Auffassung ein grundlegendes Instrument für die Entwicklung einer gegenständlichen Dialektik. So ist unser Beitrag eine Untersuchung über die Rekonstruktion der kritischen Darstellung. Unsere Diagnose zeigt, dass die kritische Darstellung der Wertformen auch eine kritische Übernahme der kritischen Darstellung der Metaphysik reproduziert. Die Realabstraktionen der Marxschen Darstellung versuchen eine eigentümliche Logik zu erörtern, die die Erscheinungsformen als Produkt des menschlichen Verhältnisses versteht. Um die “Realität” bzw. “Eigentümlichkeit” dieser realen Abstraktionen aufzufassen, muss man nicht nur die Darstellung als kritische Aufgabe verstehen, sondern auch die Weise dieser Darstellung als gesellschaftliche Reproduktionsprozess ihrer Kategorien. Die Kritik an der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft ist die Kritik an ihren Formen, welche für die Nationalökonomen als naturwüchsig gegebene erscheinen. So ist die Aufgabe des Kapital und anderen Spätwerken die Darstellung der Anatomie der bürgerlichen Erscheinungsformen in einer verketteten, systematischen Weise. Für die Analyse der politischen Ökonomie ist der Wert die abstrakteste Form aller Erscheinungen, insofern er die einzige Form ist, welche subjektlos und beziehungslos erscheinen kann. Er ist die dünnste Vorstellung der ganzen Wirtschaft und gleichzeitig die Zellenform der gesamten kritischen Darstellung des kapitalistischen Reichtums.
EINGEBILDETE VERNUNFT. ZU MARX‘ „KRITIK DES HEGELSCHEN STAATSRECHTS“
Authors: Schick Friedrike
Published: October 2020

des Rechts nach Inhalt und Triftigkeit von Marx„ kritischem Kommentar in seiner „Kritik des Hegelschen Staatsrechts“. – In der Art und Weise der Erschließung der Bestimmungen bürgerlicher Gemeinwesen hält Marx in seinem Kommentar immer wieder ein Ineinanderblenden von heterogenen Elementen fest. Diese Elemente entstammen auf der einen Seite der höchst allgemeinen Ebene der Logik oder der allgemeinen Theorie des Geistes. Von der anderen Seite her handelt es sich um unmittelbar aus der Empirie aufgegriffene konkrete Züge, die für moderne Staaten (oder manchmal auch noch enger für den preußischen Staat des ersten Drittels des 19. Jahrhunderts) charakteristisch sind. Diese zwei heterogenen Elemente sind nun nach Marxens Diagnose bei Hegel so zusammengespannt, dass das logische Element für sich genommen jeweils für die logische Stringenz der Ableitung und die Gewähr der Vernünftigkeit jener Bestimmungen aufzukommen scheint, während die Reihe des Auftritts empirischer Elemente und ihre jeweilige Identifikation mit einem logischen Element die nötige gegenständliche Bestimmtheit beisteuert. Das Hauptproblem dieser Kombination liegt für Marx nicht im Inhalt der beiden Register für sich genommen, sondern in der Kombination selbst. Das allgemeine Element bildet nicht das genus proximum des Spezifischen – mit gravierender Folge: Die Kombination erschließt nicht die Logik des Gegenstands, sondern erzeugt nur einen doppelten Schein von Vernunft: einerseits den Schein eines logischen Zusammenhangs der inhaltlichen Bestimmungen, einer stringenten Ableitung – und andererseits verleiht diese theoretische Prozedur dem Gegenstand selbst den Anstrich von Vernünftigkeit. Darin deutet sich der Zusammenhang mit einer Kritik des Gegenstands selbst an. Es scheint, Marx zufolge, nicht ganz zufällig zu sein, dass der Versuch, den modernen, bürgerlichen, Staat als vernünftige Einrichtung zu zeigen, dabei landet, ihn in das Licht einer Vernunft zu stellen, die nicht die seine ist; und zwar deshalb, weil er selbst, bei Licht betrachtet, so vernünftig gar nicht ist.
ANFÄNGE DES ANARCHISMUS. MARX‘ KRITIK DER HEGELSCHEN RECHTSPHILOSOPHIE UND SEIN POLITISCHER GEGENENTWURF
Authors: Wasko Steffen
Published: October 2020

Dieser Artikel führt die These aus, dass Marx‘ frühe Kritik an Hegel von 1843 ihn aufgrund seiner materialistischen Methode zu einer anarchistischen Position führt. Zwar stimmen Marx und Hegel durchaus in der Krisendiagnose ihre Zeit überein, allerdings trennen sich ihre Wege deutlich in Frage, wie diese Krise des Sozialen gelöst werden kann. Marx hat Hegels Analyse der Trennung zwischen der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft und dem modernen Staate viel zu verdanken, allerdings bleibt für ihn Hegels Ansatz der Vermittlung des Sozialen durch die Stände unhaltbar. Das Hauptproblem der Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts sieht Marx jedoch in Hegels idealistischer Methode and setzt daher der Logik seines Lehrers seine historischessentialistische Methode entgegen. Sichtlich beeinflusst von Feuerbachs Thesen, argumentiert Marx, dass der Staat und die bürgerliche Gesellschaft unmöglich miteinander vermittelbar sind und die moderne Form der Entfremdung und Unfreiheit eine notwendige bleiben muss. Da Staat und bürgerliche Gesellschaft unterschiedlichen Wesens sind, bleiben sie unvermittelbar und allein eine Revolution dieser beiden Formen des Sozialen kann die moderne Entfremdung aufheben. Die kursorischen Ausführungen Marx‘ zu diesem unentfremdeten Zustand menschlicher Gesellschaft weisen des Weiteren deutliche Affinitäten zu klassischen anarchistischen Ansätzen auf.