bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acceptance of screening for Intimate Partner Violence, actual screening and satisfaction with care amongst female clients visiting a health facility in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: John Ime A. , Lawoko Stephen , Oluwatosin Abimbola
Published: July 2011

Background: Healthcare providers have advocated for the screening and management of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) against women and its consequences. Unfortunately, data from high income countries suggest that women may have varied preferences for being screened for IPV in healthcare. Although women’s preference for screening in sub-Saharan countries has not been well researched, IPV remains an accepted societal norm in many of these countries, including Nigeria.Objective: The objective of the study was to assess women’s acceptance of screening for IPV in healthcare, the extent to which inquiry about IPV was carried out in healthcare and whether such inquiry impacted on satisfaction with care.Method: Data on these variables were gathered through structured interviews from a sample of 507 women at a regional hospital in Kano, Nigeria. The study design was cross-sectional.Results: The results found acceptance for screening in the sample to be high (76%), but few women (7%) had actually been probed about violence in their contact with care providers. Acceptance for screening was associated with being married and being employed. Actual screening was associated with ethnicity and religion, where ethnic and religious majorities were more likely to be screened. Finally, being screened for IPV seemed to improve satisfaction with care.Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the need for adaptation of a screening protocol that is also sensitive to detect IPV amongst all ethnic and religious groups. The findings also have implications for further education of socio-economically disadvantaged women on the benefits of screening.
Corporate websites in Africa: Has online investor relations communication improved during the past four years? Evidence from Egypt, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria and Tunisia
Authors: Baard Roelof , Nel George
Published: July 2011

Background: Investors require detailed financial and nonfinancial information to evaluate investments. This information is available in various forms (e.g. hard copies, published media, broker and investment consultants and corporate websites). Corporate websites have the potential to be both a one-stop-shop for investor needs and an efficient cost-effective medium for companies to communicate with investors. As previous research (Baard & Nel 2006) showed unacceptable low levels of Internet presence in selected African countries compared to other international companies, including companies in South Africa, a follow-up study was undertaken. An improvement was expected given the rapid increase in Internet users, improvements in infrastructure, the arrival of wireless access technologies and lower tariffs.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to measure the availability of corporate websites and dedicated investor relations (IR) sections; to evaluate the content of IR information communicated and to compare findings with previous research.Method: For ease of comparison this study has evaluated the same 40 companies in each of the countries, namely Egypt, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria and Tunisia that were evaluated in the 2006 study. A number of steps were taken to find the websites after which all the working websites were screened and evaluated against a checklist of international best practices.Results: Although improvements were apparent, 19% of the companies in the study still do not have websites, 20% do not supply financial information on websites and a significant number of companies do not optimally utilise websites according to international best practices.Conclusion: Notwithstanding improvements, a significant number of companies do not optimally utilise their corporate websites to communicate to investors. Possible reasons were discussed (e.g. necessary skills, available technology and cost), but it was concluded that companies are probably either negligent, do not regard it as important to communicate information to investors via corporate websites, or do not realise the benefits of communicating company information in this manner.
Seasonal shifts between autochthonous and allochthonous carbon contributions to zooplankton diets in a subarctic lake
Authors: Rautio Milla , Mariash Heather , Forsström Laura
Published: July 2011

We addressed the extent to which autochthonous and allochthonous carbon sources contribute to zooplankton diet throughout the year in oligotrophic subarctic Lake Saanajärvi. Optical measures of dissolved organic matter (DOM) indicated high water discharge and associated terrestrial DOM during winter and low inputs in summer. Bulk particulate organic matter (POM) showed δ13C values consistent with allochthonous inputs of DOM. The most positive POM δ13C values (−27‰) occurred during winter, when heterotrophic bacteria and nanoflagellates peaked in abundance; the isotopically lighter autotrophic phytoplankton shifted the POM δ13C to −29‰ in summer. The δ13C values of zooplankton were up to 4‰ more negative than those of POM, most likely because detritus and other nonliving material with higher δ13C values comprised 45–90% of POM. The δ13C of the cladoceran Daphnia umbra mirrored the trend of POM δ13C, indicating a dietary shift from heavy dependence on autochthonous carbon in summer to allochthonous or heterotrophic food in winter. The δ13C of the most abundant zooplankton in Lake Saanajärvi, Eudiaptomus graciloides and Cyclops abyssorum, remained low and constant in winter, suggestive of little or no food intake during the 8 months of winter. There are significant differences in the zooplankton utilization of nonphytoplankton carbon in different seasons and among species. Although autochthonous carbon seemed to be mainly responsible for the growth of zooplankton, the ability to utilize allochthonous carbon‐fueled microorganisms explains the survival of Daphnia through winter in northern lakes.
The Model of Cross-Border Cooperation in the Torne Valley Region
Authors: Lipott Sigrid
Published: July 2011

For social scientists interested in the problems of cross-border cooperation, the Swedish - Finnish border may seem unattractive and uneventful. But in spite of being located at the periphery of Europe, this area offers one of the most interesting case studies in the field of cross-boundary regionalization and city twinning, that of Haparanda - Tornio. Through the establishment of Provincia Bothniensis they were able to create one of the most integrated Euroregions and an archetype of the United City of the future, constituting a unique example of city twinning beyond ethnic, cultural and political divisions.
Atmospheric boundary layer characteristics over the Pearl River Delta, China, during the summer of 2006: measurement and model results
Authors: Fan S. J. , Fan Q. , Yu W. , Luo X. Y. , Wang B. M. , Song L. L. , Leong K. L.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. As part of the PRIDE-PRD2006 intensive campaign, atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) measurements were performed in Qingyuan, Panyu, and Xinken over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) on 1–30 July 2006. During the summer, the surface winds over the PRD are generally controlled by the south, usually with vertical wind shear at a height of approximately 800 m. Subsidence and precipitation from a tropical cyclone affects the air quality of the PRD. Under subsidence, wind speed in the ABL and the height of the ABL decrease and result in high-level concentrations. When the background wind speed is small or calm, the wind profile in Panyu and Xinken changes dramatically with height, which is perhaps caused by local circulation, such as sea-land breezes. To better understand the ABL of the PRD, simulations that used the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model were utilized to analyze the ABL characteristics over the PRD. Based on three types of weather condition simulations (i.e., subsidence days, rainy days, and sunny days), the WRF model revealed that the simulated temperature and wind fields in these three cases were moderately consistent with the measurements. The results showed that diurnal variations of the ABL height on subsidence days and sunny days were obvious, but diurnal variations of the ABL height on rainy days were not apparent. The ABL is obviously affected by local circulation, and the ABL features are different at various stations. A simulation focused on a high pollution episode during the subsidence days on 12–15 July 2006, occurred under high-pressure conditions, accompanied by the tropical cyclone "Bilis". A comparison of the simulated vertical wind fields and temperature structure with the ABL measurements at Xinken, Panyu, and Qingyuan stations found that the modeled and measured atmospheric fields revealed two different types of ABL characteristics over the PRD. When the surface winds over the PRD were light or nearly calm, the local circulation dominated, such as the sea-land breeze at Xinken station and the mountain-valley circulation at Qingyuan station. When the surface winds were strong, the stations were under the same background weather system, and the wind directions were almost the same. Furthermore, the modeled results also suggest that the subsidence by the typhoon "Bilis" had a great impact on the high Air Pollution Index (API).
Air quality trends in Europe over the past decade: a first multi-model assessment
Authors: Colette A. , Granier C. , Hodnebrog Ø. , Jakobs H. , Maurizi A. , Nyiri A. , Bessagnet B. , D'Angiola A. , D'Isidoro M. , Gauss M. , Meleux F. , Memmesheimer M. , Mieville A. , Rouïl L. , Russo F. , Solberg S. , Stordal F. , Tampieri F.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. We discuss the capability of current state-of-the-art chemistry and transport models to reproduce air quality trends and inter annual variability. Documenting these strengths and weaknesses on the basis of historical simulations is essential before the models are used to investigate future air quality projections. To achieve this, a coordinated modelling exercise was performed in the framework of the CityZEN European Project. It involved six regional and global chemistry-transport models (Bolchem, Chimere, Emep, Eurad, OsloCTM2 and Mozart) simulating air quality over the past decade in the Western European anthropogenic emissions hotspots. Comparisons between models and observations allow assessing the skills of the models to capture the trends in basic atmospheric constituents (NO2, O3, and PM10). We find that the trends of primary constituents are well reproduced (except in some countries – owing to their sensitivity to the emission inventory) although capturing the more moderate trends of secondary species such as O3 is more challenging. Apart from the long term trend, the modelled monthly variability is consistent with the observations but the year-to-year variability is generally underestimated. A comparison of simulations where anthropogenic emissions are kept constant is also investigated. We find that the magnitude of the emission-driven trend exceeds the natural variability for primary compounds. We can thus conclude that emission management strategies have had a significant impact over the past 10 yr, hence supporting further emission reductions strategies.
A Mathematical Study of a Predator-Prey Dynamics with Disease in Predator
Authors: Das Krishna pada
Published: July 2011

We consider a predator-prey model where parasitic infection is spread in only predator population. We work out the local stability analysis of equilibrium point by the help of basic reproduction numbers. We also analyze the community structure of model system by the help of ecological as well as disease basic reproduction numbers. We derive Hopf bifurcation condition and permanence and impermanence of model system. We perform a numerical experiment and observe that parasitic infection in predator population stabilizes predator-prey oscillations.
On Projective Modules and Computation of Dimension of a Module over Laurent Polynomial Ring
Authors: Mishra Ratnesh Kumar , Kumar Shiv Datt , Behara Srinivas
Published: July 2011

We give a procedure and describe an algorithm to compute the dimension of a module over Laurent polynomial ring. We prove the cancellation theorems for projective modules and also prove the qualitative version of Laurent polynomial analogue of Horrocks' Theorem.
Dual‐Responsive and Aggregation‐Induced‐Emission Probe for Selective Imaging of Infectious Urolithiasis
Authors: Li Xiangyu , Wang Qi , Hu Shanshan , Zhang Cuiyun , Zhu Zhirong , Wang Liyang , Chen Ruoyang , Song Zhiyin , Liao Hongze , Liu Qiang , Zhu Wei‐Hong
Published: May 2024

Identifying infected stones is crucial due to their rapid growth and high recurrence rate. Here, the calcium–magnesium dual‐responsive aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active probe TCM‐5COOH (Tricyano‐methlene‐pyridine‐5COOH), distinctively engineered to distinguish high‐threat infection calculi from metabolic stones, is presented. Upon incorporation of flexible alkyl carboxyl group, TCM‐5COOH featuring five carboxyl moieties demonstrates excellent water solubility and enhanced penetration into porous infectious stones. The robust chelation of TCM‐5COOH with stone surface‐abundant Ca2+ and Mg2+ inhibits vibrational relaxation, thus triggering intense AIE signals. Remarkably, the resulting complex exhibits high insolubility, effectively anchoring within the porous structure of the infection calculi and offering prolonged illumination. Jobs’ plot method reveals similar response characteristics for Ca2+ and Mg2+, with a 1:2 coordination number for both ions. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) results demonstrate higher enthalpy change (ΔH) and lower entropy change (ΔS) for the reaction, indicating enhanced selectivity compared to TCM‐4COOH lacking the alkyl carboxyl group. Synchrotron X‐ray absorption fine spectroscopy (XAFS) validates TCM‐5COOH's interaction with Ca2+ and Mg2+ at the microlevel. This dual‐responsive probe excels in identifying infectious and metabolic calculi, compatible with endoscopic modalities and laser excitation, thereby prompting clinical visualization and diagnostic assessment.
Engineering an Organic Nanoplatform for Augmented Pyroeletroimmunotherapy
Authors: Li Xingguang , Gao Meng‐Lu , Wang Shan‐Shan , Li Yu‐Long , Liu Tong‐Ning , Xiang Huijing , Liu Pei‐Nian
Published: May 2024

Photothermal immunotherapy has shown great promise in the treatment of tumor metastasis. However, the thermal resistance of tumor cells substantially compromises the treatment effect of photothermal immunotherapy. Herein, a high‐performance organic pyroelectric nanoplatform, tBu‐TPAD‐BF2 nanoparticles (NPs), is rationally engineered for the effective pyroelectroimmunotherapy of tumor metastasis. Biocompatible tBu‐TPAD‐BF2 NPs with excellent pyroelectric and photothermal conversion properties are constructed by assembling organic, low‐bandgap pyroelectric molecules with amphiphilic polymers. After internalization by tumor cells, treatment with tBu‐TPAD‐BF2 NPs causes an apparent temperature elevation upon near‐infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, inducing potent immunogenic cell death (ICD). Additionally, the temperature variations under alternating NIR laser irradiation facilitate reactive oxygen species production for pyroelectric therapy, thus promoting ICD activation and lowering thermal resistance. Importantly, in vivo assessments illustrate that tBu‐TPAD‐BF2 NPs in combination with NIR laser exposure notably inhibit primary and distant tumor proliferation and prominently retarded lung metastasis. RNA profiling reveals that treatment with tBu‐TPAD‐BF2 NPs markedly suppresses metastasis under NIR laser illumination by downregulating metastasis‐related genes and upregulating immune response‐associated pathways. Therefore, this study provides a strategy for designing high‐performance pyroelectric nanoplatforms to effectively cure tumor metastasis, thereby overcoming the inherent shortcomings of photothermal immunotherapy.
Targeted SERS Imaging and Intraoperative Real‐Time Elimination of Microscopic Tumors for Improved Breast‐Conserving Surgery
Authors: Wen Yu , Liu Ruoxuan , Xie Yangcenzi , Li Ming
Published: May 2024

Breast‐conserving surgery is the favorable option for breast cancer patients owing to its advantages of less aggressiveness and better cosmetic outcomes over mastectomy. However, it often suffers from postsurgical lethal recurrence due to the incomplete removal of microscopic tumors. Here, a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) surgical strategy is reported for precise delineation of tumor margins and intraoperative real‐time elimination of microscopic tumor foci, which is capable of complete surgical removal of breast tumors and significantly improve the outcomes of breast‐conserving surgery without local tumor recurrence. The technique is chiefly based on the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐targeting SERS probes with integrated multifunctionalities of ultrahigh sensitive detection, significant HER2 expression suppression, cell proliferation inhibition, and superior photothermal ablation. In a HER2+ breast tumor mouse model, the remarkable capability of the SERS surgical strategy for complete removal of HER2+ breast tumors through SERS‐guided surgical resection and intraoperative real‐time photothermal elimination is demonstrated. The results show complete eradiation of HER2+ breast tumors without local recurrence, consequently delivering a 100% tumor‐free survival. Expectedly, this SERS surgical strategy holds great promise for clinical treatment of HER2+ breast cancer with improved patients’ survival.
Highly Chiral Light Emission Using Plasmonic Helicoid Nanoparticles
Authors: Ahn Hyo‐Yong , Le Khai Q. , Narushima Tetsuya , Yamanishi Junsuke , Kim Ryeong Myeong , Nam Ki Tae , Okamoto Hiromi
Published: May 2024

Materials generating circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have received increasing interest due to their potential applications in bioimaging, sensing, anticounterfeiting, and display technologies. The possibility of efficient CPL generation is explored for organic molecules, inorganic materials, and their hybrid systems. A chiral plasmonic nanostructure is one candidate for generating strong and highly dissymmetric CPL by coupling with the surrounding luminescent material. Here, the inherent luminescence of gold nanoparticles can produce CPL without using any secondary material is suggested. In this study, the generation of circularly polarized two‐photon‐induced photoluminescence (TPI‐PL) from chiral gold nanostructures is demonstrated. Measurements of TPI‐PL show that it has a strong dissymmetry factor of ≈0.7 for a single chiral Au nanoparticle. A theoretical simulation study showed that a local chiral electromagnetic field confined to the chiral gap structures contributes to the high degree of circular polarization in TPI‐PL. It is believed that this work provides a new route for novel CPL‐generating materials with strong dissymmetry and holds promise for various applications using CPL technology.
Unveiling the nanoscale architectures and dynamics of protein assembly with in situ atomic force microscopy
Authors: Zhai Zhaoyi , Schmid Sakshi Yadav , Lin Zhixing , Zhang Shuai , Jiao Fang
Published: May 2024

Proteins play a vital role in different biological processes by forming complexes through precise folding with exclusive inter‐ and intra‐molecular interactions. Understanding the structural and regulatory mechanisms underlying protein complex formation provides insights into biophysical processes. Furthermore, the principle of protein assembly gives guidelines for new biomimetic materials with potential applications in medicine, energy, and nanotechnology. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool for investigating protein assembly and interactions across spatial scales (single molecules to cells) and temporal scales (milliseconds to days). It has significantly contributed to understanding nanoscale architectures, inter‐ and intra‐molecular interactions, and regulatory elements that determine protein structures, assemblies, and functions. This review describes recent advancements in elucidating protein assemblies with in situ AFM. We discuss the structures, diffusions, interactions, and assembly dynamics of proteins captured by conventional and high‐speed AFM in near‐native environments and recent AFM developments in the multimodal high‐resolution imaging, bimodal imaging, live cell imaging, and machine‐learning‐enhanced data analysis. These approaches show the significance of broadening the horizons of AFM and enable unprecedented explorations of protein assembly for biomaterial design and biomedical research.
Regulating Zn2+ Migration‐Diffusion Behavior by Spontaneous Cascade Optimization Strategy for Long‐Life and Low N/P Ratio Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Feng Jie , Li Xinyang , Ouyang Yuxin , Zhao Hongyang , Li Na , Xi Kai , Liang Junyan , Ding Shujiang
Published: May 2024

Parasitic side reactions and dendrite growth on zinc anodes are formidable issues causing limited lifetime of aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs). Herein, a spontaneous cascade optimization strategy is first proposed to regulate Zn2+ migration‐diffusion behavior. Specifically, PAPE@Zn layer with separation‐reconstruction properties is constructed in situ on Zn anode. In this layer, well‐soluble poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) can spontaneously separation to bulk electrolyte and weaken the preferential coordination between H2O and Zn2+ to achieve primary optimization. Meanwhile, poor‐soluble polymerized‐4‐acryloylmorpholine (PACMO) is reconstructed on Zn anode as hydrophobic flower‐like arrays with abundant zincophilic sites, further guiding the de‐solvation and homogeneous diffusion of Zn2+ to achieve the secondary optimization. Cascade optimization effectively regulates Zn2+ migration‐diffusion behavior, dendrite growth and side reactions of Zn anode are negligible, and the stability is significantly improved. Consequently, symmetrical cells exhibit stability over 4000 h (1 mA cm−2). PAPE@Zn//NH4+−V2O5 full cells with a high current density of 15 A g−1 maintains 72.2 % capacity retention for 12000 cycles. Even better, the full cell demonstrates excellent performance of cumulative capacity of 2.33 Ah cm−2 at ultra‐low negative/positive (N/P) ratio of 0.6 and a high mass‐loading (~17 mg cm−2). The spontaneous cascade optimization strategy provides novel path to achieve high‐performance and practical ZIBs.
One‐Handed Covalent Helical Ladder Polymers: The Dawn of a Tailorable Class of Chiral Functional Materials
Authors: Preda Giovanni , Pasini Dario
Published: May 2024

In the last decades, chemists have developed methods to synthesize helical molecular architectures using a combination of covalent and non‐covalent interactions. Very recently, the new class of completely covalent, one‐handed helical ladder polymers has vigorously emerged. Such polymers can be rationally and programmably obtained through an approach guided by the principles of chirality‐assisted‐synthesis (CAS) and making use synergically of two disciplines that have so far rarely interacted: non‐planar chiral π‐conjugated synthons and ladder polymer chemistry. The precise programmability of the 3D structure and new mechanical and chiroptical properties will lead to potential applications in areas such as enantiorecognition, catalysis, spintronics and chiral‐related optoelectronics. This minireview examines the emerging field of one‐handed helical ladder polymers, analyzing their synthesis, applications, and limitations.
Development of thermoplastic starch/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) biobased active packaging films and potential usage in the food industry
Authors: Tekin İdil , Ersus Seda
Published: May 2024

This study focused on the development and optimization of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) biobased active packaging films by incorporation with grape seed oil, alpha‐tocopherol, and rice husk. In the compound and film production step during extrusion for biobased active packaging film two variables, the antioxidant substance concentration (Grape seed oil, 0.5–4%; alpha‐tocopherol, 0.5–4%; rice husk, 1–5%), TPS concentration (60–90%) were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) for highest tensile strength (MPa) and antioxidant activity (%) as responses. Among the resulting films, samples containing grape seed oil in particular exhibited an optimal balance, showcasing robust mechanical properties alongside potent antioxidant characteristics. Comprehensive analyses encompassing thickness, density, color, opacity, FTIR spectroscopy, total phenolic content, and energy consumption were conducted to assess the films' viability for potential deployment within the food industry. Based on the findings, it was determined that these biobased active packaging films made of TPS/PBAT held promise in safeguarding food products.
Polyethylene separator‐supported nanofiltration membranes for desalination
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Chen Dandan , Gao Feng , Song Yuchen , Zheng Zhuo , Kang Jian , Xu Ruizhang , Zhang Xiaojun , Zhang Yue , Xie Zhihui , Xiang Ming
Published: May 2024

Polyethylene‐supported nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been reported for several cases in recent years. However, few have disclosed a NF membrane which achieves a high salt/water separation efficiency. Here, a novel polyamide NF membrane was prepared by conducting interfacial polymerization on poly(vinyl alcohol)‐decorated polyethylene separator. The polyethylene‐supported NF membranes were systematically investigated with respect to chemical structures, microscopic morphology, surface properties, as well as desalination performance. In particular, a distinctive morphology transformation occurred on the polyamide layers through regulating poly(vinyl alcohol) loading amounts. Performance testings demonstrated the optimal membrane reaches a water permeance over 17.4 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1 and Na2SO4 rejection above 98.7%, as well as favorable performance stability. This work may provide some consideration for fabricating NF membranes with new support layers and good desalination performance.
Systemic versus local patterns of limb joint articular morphology inferred from relative distances from morphological centroid
Authors: Horbaly Haley , Hubbe Mark
Published: May 2024

Joint morphogenesis is a complex process known to require the interaction of developmental cascades and mechanical loading, yet many details of this interaction are incompletely understood. While prior work has established populational patterns of joint morphological (co)variance, exploring how these patterns manifest within the individual provides information on the deployment of morphogenic processes as either systemic or local influences on joint shape. To better identify the patterns of variance‐generating morphogenic processes, this study investigates the degree to which individual joint shapes deviate from population averages systematically across the body. Using three‐dimensional landmark data from 200 adult skeletons, we ranked individuals based on their distances from morphological centroids for eight major joints. Spearman correlations assessed associations between ranks across various articular pairings, testing hypotheses regarding systemic versus localized variance. Results reveal low coordination between deviations observed in conarticular surfaces, functional analogs, and same‐bone surfaces; however strong associations exist between antimeres, suggesting the left–right deployment of variance‐generating morphogenic patterns is highly consistent. These results support a model of localized rather than systemic processes driving variation in joint shape. While more remains to be elucidated about the specifics of articular surface morphogenesis, these findings advance our understanding of the systems of variance generation at play during development and growth of our definitive joint morphology.
Identification and validation of the TRHDE‐AS1/hsa‐miR‐449a/ADAMTS5 axis as a novel prognostic biomarker in prostate cancer
Authors: Lian Xin , Zhou Honglan , Liu Si
Published: May 2024

Despite advancements in cancer research, the prognostic implications of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks in prostate cancer (PCa) remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to elucidate the prognostic relevance of ceRNA networks in PCa, utilizing a comprehensive bioinformatics approach alongside experimental validation. After searching The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) data were extracted to identify differentially expressed RNAs (DERs) between 491 PCa samples and 51 normal prostate tissues, following which a comprehensive bioinformatics strategy was implemented to construct a ceRNA network. An optimal prognostic signature comprising these DERs was then established and validated using TCGA data. In addition, functional validation was performed through RNA pull‐down, dual‐luciferase reporter assays, quantitative real‐time PCR, and western blot analysis conducted in PC‐3 and DU145 cell lines, thereby complementing the bioinformatics analysis. A total of 613 DERs, comprising 103 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), 60 microRNAs (miRNAs), and 450 messenger RNAs (mRNAs), were identified and utilized in constructing a ceRNA network, which encompassed 23 lncRNAs, 9 miRNAs, and 52 mRNAs. An optimal prognostic signature was established, including VPS9D1 antisense RNA 1 (VPS9D1‐AS1), miR‐449a, cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit 1 (CDK5R1), targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), copine7 (CPNE7), and maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), yielding area under the curve (AUC) values exceeding 0.8 across training, validation, and entire datasets. Our experiments results revealed an interaction between lncRNA TRHDE antisense RNA 1 (TRHDE‐AS1) and miR‐449a and that miR‐449a could target the ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5 (ADAMTS5) mRNA. Knockdown of miR‐449a significantly impeded cell proliferation, G1/S transition, migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis in PC‐3 and DU145 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of miR‐449a notably downregulated protein expression of CDK4, cyclin D1, N‐cadherin and vimentin, while upregulating protein expression of cleaved caspase‐3 and E‐cadherin. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the prognostic‐linked ceRNA network in PCa, providing fundamental insights that could improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for PCa management.
Addressing transition conflict of green manufacturing to sustainable manufacturing: A drivers‐based modeling strategy for improving business performance: An Indian experience
Authors: Rehman Minhaj Ahemad , Seth Dinesh
Published: May 2024

Green manufacturing (GM) and sustainable manufacturing (SM) have become vital to counter environmental challenges. Industry, academia, and policymakers have been actively working to reduce the adverse environmental impacts of manufacturing. Though, used interchangeably, GM and SM are not the same but are related to each other. This fuels confusion and leads to conflict, as the transition simplifies similarities and differences between the two, in terms of their ‘drivers and relationships’ remain blurred and are never discussed. GM‐SM transition is never straightforward. It necessitates a shift in organizational priorities, practices, strategies, and goals and attracts researchers' attention. The study is significant as existing literature lacks the address of drivers‐based linkages between the two, and its management in the context of India, known for manufacturing capabilities and greenhouse gas‐based emissions. The study investigates GM‐SM relationships, attempts modeling, and establishes that if the transition is handled correctly, it leads to improved business performance and positive environmental impact. The findings guide what and where to focus to highlight priorities, making use of 14 and 22 drivers of GM and SM, respectively. It emphasizes the importance of implementing stringent environmental regulations, maintaining pressures from the Government, markets, and supply chain stakeholders along with management commitment with a clear vision. Authors expect that application experience will be useful for practitioners and researchers, in strengthening the linkages between environmental and manufacturing research domains.
Sustainable development in turbulent environments: The impact of ESG capabilities on responses to turbulence
Authors: Niesten Eva , Jolink Albert , Bacha Eliane
Published: May 2024

Firms are increasingly operating in turbulent environments in which unpredictable change is driven by causes such as climate change and economic crises. In this paper, we study how firms perceive environmental turbulence and respond with four types of actions. We distinguish between actions creating economic value for the firm and actions creating sustainable value for society and the environment and between substantive and symbolic actions with only the former changing firms' strategies, structures, and processes. We built a unique dataset on large European firms and their 470 responses to turbulence from 2017 until 2022. We show that in volatile and complex environments, in which rapid change occurs but information is available, firms respond with substantive actions. In uncertain and ambiguous environments that lack information, firms respond with symbolic actions. These findings hold for responses that aim to create both economic and sustainable value. However, these findings change when firms acquire environmental, social, and governance (ESG) capabilities. With high and improving ESG capabilities, firms are more likely to respond with sustainable substantive actions, even when they perceive their environments to be uncertain. We contribute to the literature on organizational capabilities and corporate environmental responsiveness by showing that firms with superior and improving ESG capabilities increase their substantive commitments to sustainable development and are less inclined to base their responses on their perception of turbulence.
Design of a lightweight and easy‐to‐wear hand glove with multi‐modal tactile perception for digital human
Authors: Pan Zhigeng , Ren Hongyi , Liu Chang , Chen Ming , Mukherjee Mithun , Yang Wenzhen
Published: May 2024

Within the field of human–computer interaction, data gloves play an essential role in establishing a connection between virtual and physical environments for the realization of digital human. To enhance the credibility of human‐virtual hand interactions, we aim to develop a system incorporating a data glove‐embedded technology. Our proposed system collects a wide range of information (temperature, bending, and pressure of fingers) that arise during natural interactions and afterwards reproduce them within the virtual environment. Furthermore, we implement a novel traversal polling technique to facilitate the streamlined aggregation of multi‐channel sensors. This mitigates the hardware complexity of the embedded system. The experimental results indicate that the data glove demonstrates a high degree of precision in acquiring real‐time hand interaction information, as well as effectively displaying hand posture in real‐time using Unity3D. The data glove's lightweight and compact design facilitates its versatile utilization in virtual reality interactions.
Synthesis and Properties of RNA Modified with Thioamide Internucleoside Linkage
Authors: Gafur Sayed Habibul , Ghosh Samir , Richter Michael , Rozners Eriks
Published: May 2024

Recent success of RNA therapeutics has reinvigorated interest in chemical modifications of RNA. As exemplified by the phosphorothioates, modifications of sugar‐phosphate backbone have been remarkably impactful but relatively underexplored in therapeutic RNAs. The present study reports synthesis, thermal stability, and RNA interference activity of RNAs modified with thioamide linkages. Compared to the previously studied amide‐modified RNA, thioamide linkages strongly destabilized a short self‐complementary RNA model duplex. However, in short interfering RNAs amides and thioamides had a similar effect on duplex stability and target RNA cleavage activity and specificity. Hence, the thioamide may be added to the toolbox of chemical biologist as a useful backbone modification well tolerated by the RNA interference machinery.
Insights into Amorphous Metal‐Organic Framework as Carbonic Anhydrase Mimic
Authors: Xiong Jun , Yuan Xin , Li Zhixian , Zong Min‐Hua , Lou Wen‐Yong , Wu Xiaoling
Published: May 2024

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an important enzyme which breaks the C−O bond and catalyzes the hydration of CO2 and developing artificial enzyme to mimic the function of CA is important for the related applications. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) with typical tetrahedral Zn−N coordination units which were similar to the catalytically active site of natural CA have been reported to displayed CA‐like activities. However, the activity of crystalline ZIFs remains unsatisfactory. Herein, amorphous zeolitic imidazolate framework (aZIF) was fabricated through a facile self‐assembly process and exhibited 2.2‐fold higher CA‐like hydrolytic activity than the corresponding crystalline ZIF‐8.This phenomenon can be ascribed to the unsaturated Zn−N coordination structure and mesopores inside aZIF. This work affords a new avenue for the rational design of nanozymes.
Radicals as Chiral Catalysts for Asymmetric Radical Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Zhao Quan‐Qing , Gu Min , Chen Jia‐Rong
Published: May 2024

Due to the innate highly reactive properties and short life‐time, organic free radicals can often serve as promoters or intermediates to engage in various radical transformations, which are often otherwise difficult to access by ionic pathway‐based mechanisms. With the evolvement of radical chemistry, chiral radical catalyzed‐transformations have recently emerged as an attractive and robust platform for synthesis of chiral molecules of interest. Herein, we highlight several creative and strategic advances in chiral radical catalyst design, cyclization reaction achievements, and future challenges.

Key Scientists

In the 1980s, some pioneering studies by Feldman and Oshima revealed that the thiyl radical could catalyze cyclization of vinylcyclopropane with alkenes, providing access to racemic cyclopentanes. In 1996, Brian P. Roberts reported an interesting enantioselective hydrosilylation of prochiral alkenes by using thioglucose‐derived chiral thiyl radical catalysts. Since then, chiral radical catalysis has become an emerging and promising catalytic strategy in organic synthesis. However, this field has not been extensively explored further until the Maruoka group in 2014 achieved the asymmetric C—C bond formation by employing a newly designed indanol core‐based chiral thiyl radical catalyst. In this protocol, an enantioselective radical cyclization of vinylcyclopropanes with electron‐rich alkenes was developed. In 2020, Chen and Xiao disclosed a nitrogen radical‐catalyzed version of this reaction. Later, this strategy was further expanded to metalloradical catalyzed asymmetric radical cascade cyclization reactions by Zhang in 2021. Later on, Wang, Fu and Zhang et al. described a novel class of boryl radical‐catalyzed asymmetric radical cycloisomerization reactions, further showcasing enormous synthetic potential of chiral radical catalysis. This Emerging Topic has focused on asymmetric radical cyclization reactions involving diverse chiral radical catalysts.
cyTRBC1 evaluation rapidly identifies sCD3‐negative peripheral T‐cell lymphomas and reveals a novel type of sCD3‐negative T‐cell clone with uncertain significance
Authors: Lu Cong , Li Mingyong , Fu Jun , Fan Xiaoming , Zhong Ling , Li Yanxin , Xi Qian
Published: May 2024

The flow cytometry‐based evaluation of TRBC1 expression has been demonstrated as a rapid and specific method for detecting T‐cell clones in sCD3‐positive TCRαβ+ mature T‐cell lymphoma. The aim of the study was to validate the utility of surface (s) TRBC1 and cytoplastic (cy) TRBC1 assessment in detecting clonality of sCD3‐negative peripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCLs), as well as exploring the existence and characteristics of sCD3‐negative clonal T‐cell populations with uncertain significance (T‐CUS). Evaluation of sTRBC1 and cyTRBC1 were assessed on 61 samples from 37 patients with sCD3‐negative PTCLs, including 26 angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) patients and 11 non‐AITL patients. The sCD3‐negative T‐CUS were screened from 1602 patients without T‐cell malignancy and 100 healthy individuals. Additionally, the clonality of cells was further detected through T‐cell gene rearrangement analysis. We demonstrated the monotypic expression patterns of cyTRBC1 in all sCD3‐negative PTCLs. Utilizing the cyTRBC1 evaluation assay, we identified a novel and rare subtype of sCD3‐negative T‐CUS for the first time among 13 out of 1602 (0.8%) patients without T‐cell malignancy. The clonality of these cells was further confirmed through T‐cell gene rearrangement analysis. This subset exhibited characteristics such as sCD3‐cyCD3 + CD4 + CD45RO+, closely resembling AITL rather than non‐AITL. Further analysis revealed that sCD3‐negative T‐CUS exhibited a smaller clone size in the lymph node and mass specimens compared to AITL patients. However, the clone size of sCD3‐negative T‐CUS was significantly lower than that of non‐AITL patients in both specimen groups. In conclusion, we validated the diagnostic utility of cyTRBC1 in detecting sCD3‐negative T‐cell clonality, provided a comprehensive analysis of sCD3‐negative T‐CUS, and established a framework and provided valuable insights for distinguishing sCD3‐negative T‐CUS from sCD3‐negative PTCLs based on their phenotypic properties and clone size.
The impact of pretreatment symptom burden on long‐term quality of life following head and neck radiation: A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Ladbury Colton , Wilde Taylor , Amini Arya , Xiao Yi , Maghami Ellie , Massarelli Erminia , Vora Nayana , Sun Virginia , Sampath Sagus
Published: May 2024

Background

This study characterized the impact of baseline symptom burden on long‐term quality‐of‐life in patients receiving head and neck radiation therapy (RT).

Methods

The Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey was collected prior to head and neck RT and at follow‐up visits. Responses were divided into symptom clusters of toxicities and scored from 0 (asymptomatic) to 10 (severe). Patients with responses at baseline and 1‐year or 2‐year follow‐up were stratified by scores ≤1 or >1 and compared using the Mann–Whitney U‐test.

Results

At 1‐year follow‐up (n = 75), patients with higher baseline scores had greater symptom burden for every cluster except in taste/smell. At 2‐year follow‐up (n = 47), patients with higher baseline scores had greater symptom burden for every cluster except in nutrition, dry mouth, trismus, neck tightness, and hearing.

Conclusion

The Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey demonstrated a relationship between baseline symptom burden and long‐term quality‐of‐life and might be useful as a screening tool.
A note on the determinants of non‐fungible tokens returns
Authors: Panagiotidis Theodore , Papapanagiotou Georgios
Published: May 2024

We aim to identify the determinants of non‐fungible tokens (NFTs) returns. The 10 most popular NFTs based on their price, trading volume, and market capitalisation are examined. Twenty‐three potential drivers of the returns of each NFT are considered. We employ a Bayesian LASSO model which takes into account stochastic volatility and leverage effect. The results indicate that NFTs returns are primarily driven by volatility and ethereum returns. We find a weak connection between NFTs returns and conventional assets, such as stock, oil, and gold markets.
Arterial blood pressure. Part 1: physiology and measurement in cats and dogs
Authors: Rollet Madelyn , Auckburally Adam , Elsom Jacqueline
Published: May 2024

Background: Arterial blood pressure (ABP) is essential to provide adequate perfusion pressure and blood flow to tissues. Usually, ABP is tightly controlled through a variety of complex physiological mechanisms, and significant deviation of ABP from normal may result in end‐organ damage. Measurement of ABP is relatively straightforward and can be used to assess cardiovascular function and guide therapeutic decisions. Challenges in the interpretation of ABP may arise due to individual patient factors and may be dependent on the method of measurement.

Aim of the article: This article is the first in a two‐part series and aims to review the physiology and measurement of arterial blood pressure in small animal practice. The second article, to be published in a subsequent issue of In Practice, will focus on the pathophysiology of hypotension and the options for treatment.
Reimagining writing: Integrating wicked problems into secondary writing instruction through a research practice partnership
Authors: James Carrie L. , McCarthey Sarah J.
Published: May 2024

Literacy scholars have called for writing instruction to promote civic engagement, student agency, and multimodal composing. This study addressed this call by describing a research‐practice partnership to reimagine writing instruction in a high school English course by incorporating human‐centered design challenges. Using case study methods, we describe the process to negotiate curriculum, the divergent ways teachers implemented it, and the positive impact it had on students' attitudes toward writing. Through a transliteracies lens, we found that negotiating a (re)designed curriculum means working through tensions that can lead to new ways of thinking about writing. The (re)designed instruction centered 21st century composing practices that were inherently multimodal and resonated with students' out‐of‐school composing practices. This led to a positive shift in students' attitudes toward writing. The study suggests that incorporating “wicked problem” design challenges has the potential to reimagine how we teach writing in secondary education.
Effect of femtosecond laser induced surface patterns on the flexural strength of monolithic zirconia
Authors: Okutan Yener , Gundogdu Yasemin , Donmez Mustafa Borga , Seker Huseyin , Kilic Hamdi Sukur
Published: May 2024

To investigate how patterns generated by femtosecond (fs) laser and femtosecond laser power affect the surface roughness (Ra) and biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of monolithic zirconia. Eighty disk‐shaped zirconia specimens were divided into eight subgroups (n = 10): Control (C), airborne‐particle abrasion (APA), 400 mW fs laser (spiral [SP(400)], square [SQ(400)], circular [CI(400)]), and 700 mW fs laser ([SP(700)], [SQ(700)], [CI(700)]). Ra values were calculated by using a surface profilometer. One additional specimen per group was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and x‐ray diffractometry. BFS values were obtained by using the piston‐on‐3‐ball test. One‐way ANOVA and either Tukey's HSD (BFS) or Tamhane's T2 (Ra) tests were used to evaluate data (α = 0.05). Regardless of the pattern and power, fs laser groups had higher Ra than C and APA, while SP groups had lower Ra than CI and SQ groups (p ≤ 0.004). For each pattern, Ra increased with higher laser power (p < 0.001), while the laser power did not affect the BFS (p ≥ 0.793). CI and SQ groups had lower BFS than the other groups (p ≤ 0.040), whereas SP groups had similar BFS to C and APA (p ≥ 0.430). Fs laser microstructuring with spiral surface pattern increased the Ra without jeopardizing the BFS of zirconia. Thus, this treatment might be an option to roughen tested zirconia.