bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpreter's Corner
Authors: Went David J.
Published: June 2021

Global empirical relationships of P-wave to S-wave and density for sandstones and shales are used to model two-term amplitude variation with angle at various depths of burial in a typically compacting siliciclastic basin. Data from the normally pressured Tertiary strata of Judd Basin, Atlantic Margin, West of Shetland, are used as a control. For a typical prospect depth of 1750 m below mudline, forward models of angle-dependent reflectivity reveal that discrimination of lithology (shale and brine sand) and fluid (oil sand) is optimally resolved at a 47° incidence angle (θ). This is equivalent to an angle of 28° on an intercept-gradient crossplot. Repeat experiments at other depths produce similar results but with the angle for optimal lithology and fluid determination shifting slightly with increasing depth. Background trends in seismic data crossplots of intercept versus gradient are typically overprinted by noise that has a disproportionate effect on the gradient. This study suggests that the difference between the noise and background rock-property trend is relatively small, such that in most modern seismic data sets, anomalies should be identifiable on time-windowed crossplots and equivalent weighted stacks. It is proposed that a seismic inversion for relative extended elastic impedance at a 45° incidence angle should capture most anomalies of interest in frontier basins with simple burial histories. An example is illustrated from a seismic line in Mozambique.
Research Committee Update: Working with — and for — early-career researchers
Authors: Titov Aleksei , Girard Aaron , Martin Eileen
Published: June 2021

Are you an early-career geoscientist or engineer? Have you heard about the SEG Research Committee? Either way, we want you to know how the committee plans to work with early-career scientists and professionals to achieve their goals, and we invite you to join us in making changes.
Reviews
Authors: Treitel Sven
Published: June 2021

• Explorations in Time-Frequency Analysis, by Patrick Flandrin, ISBN 978-1-108-42102-7, 2018, Cambridge University Press, 226 p.
Evaluation of NHS Practitioner Health: capturing mental health outcomes using five instruments
Authors: Simpson Kieran , Ashworth Mark , Roberts-Lewis Sarah , Ayis Salma
Published: June 2021

Background

NHS Practitioner Health is the England wide programme providing mental health and addiction healthcare to doctors and dentists. Outcomes are assessed using five measures.

Aims

To contribute to a service evaluation of NHS Practitioner Health. To determine responsiveness to change and compare outcome measures.

Method

Measures were completed at baseline and 6 months: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Patient Health Questionaire-9 (PHQ-9), Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing scale (WEMWBS), Psychological Outcome Profiles (PSYCHLOPS). Responsiveness to change was determined using effect size with improvement threshold ≥0.80. Instruments were compared using Bland–Altman plots.

Results

Our sample, n = 402; with 14 (3.5%) excluded for missing data; final sample, n = 388. All measures showed strong mean effect sizes: PSYCHLOPS 1.86 (95%CI 1.73–1.99), 75.8% ≥0.80; PSS 1.48 (1.34–1.62), 64.4% ≥0.80; WEMWBS 1.24 (1.13–1.35), 58.2% ≥0.80; GAD-7 1.07 (0.96–1.18), 52.8% ≥0.80; PHQ-9 0.86 (0.76–0.96), 52.8% ≥0.80. Findings were largely unchanged after stratification by diagnosis, presenting problem or therapy type. Fifty (12.9%) participants did not reach the threshold for improvement on any instrument. Bland–Altman plots indicated generally strong agreement between measures; combining PSYCHLOPS with WEMWBS maximised capture of improvement with only 3.6% of patients lying outside limits of agreement; GAD-7 was most likely to duplicate recovery scores of other measures.

Conclusions

Patients attending the NHS Practitioner Health service demonstrated high levels of improvement in mental health scores. The patient-generated instrument produced higher change scores than standardised instruments. Combining PSYCHLOPS and WEMWBS captured 96% of patients with above threshold improvement; GAD-7 added little to overall recovery measurement.
Validation of ctDNA Quality Control Materials Through a Precompetitive Collaboration of the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
Authors: Williams P. Mickey , Forbes Thomas , P. Lund Steven , Cole Kenneth D. , He Hua-Jun , Karlovich Chris , Paweletz Cloud P. , Stetson Daniel , Yee Laura M. , Connors Dana E. , Keating Susan M. , Destenaves Benoit , Cleveland Megan H. , Lau Christie J. , Barrett J. Carl , Kelloff Gary J. , McCormack Robert T.
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE

We report the results from a Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Biomarkers Consortium project to address the absence of well-validated quality control materials (QCMs) for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing. This absence is considered a cause of variance and inconsistencies in translating ctDNA results into clinical actions.

METHODS

In this phase I study, QCMs with 14 clinically relevant mutations representing single nucleotide variants, insertions or deletions (indels), translocations, and copy number variants were sourced from three commercial manufacturers with variant allele frequencies (VAFs) of 5%, 2.5%, 1%, 0.1%, and 0%. Four laboratories tested samples in quadruplicate using two allele-specific droplet digital polymerase chain reaction and three (amplicon and hybrid capture) next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels.

RESULTS

The two droplet digital polymerase chain reaction assays reported VAF values very close to the manufacturers’ claimed concentrations for all QCMs. NGS assays reported most single nucleotide variants and indels, but not translocations, close to the expected VAF values. Notably, two NGS assays reported lower VAF than expected for all translocations in all QCM mixtures, possibly related to technical challenges detecting these variants. The ability to call ERBB2 copy number amplifications varied across assays. All three QCMs provided valuable insight into assay precision. Each assay across all variant types demonstrated dropouts at 0.1%, suggesting that the QCM can serve for testing of an assay’s limit of detection with confidence claims for specific variants.

CONCLUSION

These results support the utility of the QCM in testing ctDNA assay analytical performance. However, unique designs and manufacturing methods for the QCM, and variations in a laboratory’s testing configuration, may require testing of multiple QCMs to find the best reagents for accurate result interpretation.
Two Distinctive POMC Promoters Modify Gene Expression in Cushing Disease
Authors: Araki Takako , Tone Yukiko , Yamamoto Masaaki , Kameda Hiraku , Ben-Shlomo Anat , Yamada Shozo , Takeshita Akira , Yamamoto Masato , Kawakami Yasuhiko , Tone Masahide , Melmed Shlomo
Published: June 2021

Context

Mechanisms underlying pituitary corticotroph adenoma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) production are poorly understood, yet circulating ACTH levels closely correlate with adenoma phenotype and clinical outcomes.

Objective

We characterized the 5′ ends of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene transcripts, which encode the precursor polypeptide for ACTH, in order to investigate additional regulatory mechanisms of POMC gene transcription and ACTH production.

Methods

We examined 11 normal human pituitary tissues, 32 ACTH-secreting tumors, as well as 6 silent corticotroph adenomas (SCAs) that immunostain for but do not secrete ACTH.

Results

We identified a novel regulatory region located near the intron 2/exon 3 junction in the human POMC gene, which functions as a second promoter and an enhancer. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CREB binds the second promoter and regulates its transcriptional activity. The second promoter is highly methylated in SCAs, partially demethylated in normal pituitary tissue, and highly demethylated in pituitary and ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors. In contrast, the first promoter is demethylated in all POMC-expressing cells and is highly demethylated only in pituitary ACTH-secreting tumors harboring the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) mutation. Demethylation patterns of the second promoter correlate with clinical phenotypes of Cushing disease.

Conclusion

We identified a second POMC promoter regulated by methylation status in ACTH-secreting pituitary tumors. Our findings open new avenues for elucidating subcellular regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and suggest the second POMC promoter may be a target for therapeutic intervention to suppress excess ACTH production.
Changes in Regional Fat Distribution and Anthropometric Measures Across the Menopause Transition
Authors: Greendale Gail A , Han Weijuan , Finkelstein Joel S , Burnett-Bowie Sherri-Ann M , Huang MeiHua , Martin Deborah , Karlamangla Arun S
Published: June 2021

Context

The relation between the menopause transition (MT) and changes in regional fat distribution is uncertain.

Objective

To determine whether the MT is associated with the development of central adiposity.

Design

Longitudinal analysis from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation, spanning 1996-2013 (median follow-up 11.8 years).

Setting

Community-based.

Participants

380 women with regional body composition measures by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Mean baseline age was 45.7 years; racial/ethnic composition was 16% Black, 41% Japanese and 43% White.

Outcomes

Changes in android, gynoid and visceral fat and waist and hip circumferences.

Results

Android fat increased by 1.21% per year (py) and 5.54% py during premenopause and the MT, respectively (each P < 0.05). Visceral and gynoid fat began increasing at the MT, annualized changes were 6.24% and 2.03%, respectively (each P < 0.05). Postmenopausal annual trajectories decelerated to 1.47% (visceral), 0.90% (android), and -0.87% (gynoid), (all non-zero, P < 0.05). Waist girth grew during premenopause (0.55% py), the MT (0.96% py), and postmenopause (0.55% py) (all non-zero, P < 0.05; not statistically different from each other). Hip girth grew during premenopause (0.20% py) and the MT (0.35% py) (each non-zero, P < 0.05; not statistically different from each other) and decelerated to zero slope in postmenopause. Results are for the White referent; there were statistically significant differences in some trajectories in Black and Japanese women.

Conclusions

The MT is associated with the development of central adiposity. Waist or hip circumferences are less sensitive to changes in fat distribution.
Opposing effects of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on epithelial and mesenchymal cell fate in the developing cochlea
Authors: Billings Sara E. , Myers Nina M. , Quiruz Lee , Cheng Alan G.
Published: June 2021

During embryonic development, the otic epithelium and surrounding periotic mesenchymal cells originate from distinct lineages and coordinate to form the mammalian cochlea. Epithelial sensory precursors within the cochlear duct first undergo terminal mitosis before differentiating into sensory and non-sensory cells. In parallel, periotic mesenchymal cells differentiate to shape the lateral wall, modiolus and pericochlear spaces. Previously, Wnt activation was shown to promote proliferation and differentiation of both otic epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Here, we fate-mapped Wnt-responsive epithelial and mesenchymal cells in mice and found that Wnt activation resulted in opposing cell fates. In the post-mitotic cochlear epithelium, Wnt activation via β-catenin stabilization induced clusters of proliferative cells that dedifferentiated and lost epithelial characteristics. In contrast, Wnt-activated periotic mesenchyme formed ectopic pericochlear spaces and cell clusters showing a loss of mesenchymal and gain of epithelial features. Finally, clonal analyses via multi-colored fate-mapping showed that Wnt-activated epithelial cells proliferated and formed clonal colonies, whereas Wnt-activated mesenchymal cells assembled as aggregates of mitotically quiescent cells. Together, we show that Wnt activation drives transition between epithelial and mesenchymal states in a cell type-dependent manner.
An optogenetic method for interrogating YAP1 and TAZ nuclear–cytoplasmic shuttling
Authors: Dowbaj Anna M. , Jenkins Robert P. , Williamson Daniel , Heddleston John M. , Ciccarelli Alessandro , Fallesen Todd , Hahn Klaus M. , O'Dea Reuben D. , King John R. , Montagner Marco , Sahai Erik
Published: June 2021

The shuttling of transcription factors and transcriptional regulators into and out of the nucleus is central to the regulation of many biological processes. Here we describe a new method for studying the rates of nuclear entry and exit of transcriptional regulators. A photo-responsive LOV (light–oxygen–voltage) domain from Avena sativa is used to sequester fluorescently labelled transcriptional regulators YAP1 and TAZ (also known as WWTR1) on the surface of mitochondria and to reversibly release them upon blue light illumination. After dissociation, fluorescent signals from the mitochondria, cytoplasm and nucleus are extracted by a bespoke app and used to generate rates of nuclear entry and exit. Using this method, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of YAP1 on canonical sites enhances its rate of nuclear export. Moreover, we provide evidence that, despite high intercellular variability, YAP1 import and export rates correlate within the same cell. By simultaneously releasing YAP1 and TAZ from sequestration, we show that their rates of entry and exit are correlated. Furthermore, combining the optogenetic release of YAP1 with lattice light-sheet microscopy reveals high heterogeneity of YAP1 dynamics within different cytoplasmic regions, demonstrating the utility and versatility of our tool to study protein dynamics.

This article has an associated First Person interview with Anna M. Dowbaj, joint first author of the paper.
Twinfilin1 controls lamellipodial protrusive activity and actin turnover during vertebrate gastrulation
Authors: Devitt Caitlin C. , Lee Chanjae , Cox Rachael M. , Papoulas Ophelia , Alvarado José , Shekhar Shashank , Marcotte Edward M. , Wallingford John B.
Published: June 2021

The dynamic control of the actin cytoskeleton is a key aspect of essentially all animal cell movements. Experiments in single migrating cells and in vitro systems have provided an exceptionally deep understanding of actin dynamics. However, we still know relatively little of how these systems are tuned in cell-type-specific ways, for example in the context of collective cell movements that sculpt the early embryo. Here, we provide an analysis of the actin-severing and depolymerization machinery during vertebrate gastrulation, with a focus on Twinfilin1 (Twf1) in Xenopus. We find that Twf1 is essential for convergent extension, and loss of Twf1 results in a disruption of lamellipodial dynamics and polarity. Moreover, Twf1 loss results in a failure to assemble polarized cytoplasmic actin cables, which are essential for convergent extension. These data provide an in vivo complement to our more-extensive understanding of Twf1 action in vitro and provide new links between the core machinery of actin regulation and the specialized cell behaviors of embryonic morphogenesis.
Divergent estimates of the ratio between Na+-Ca2+ current densities in t-tubular and surface membranes of rat ventricular cardiomyocytes
Authors: Pásek Michal , Šimurda Jiří , Bébarová Markéta , Christé Georges
Published: June 2021

The ratio between Na+-Ca2+ exchange current densities in t-tubular and surface membranes of rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (JNaCa-ratio) estimated from electrophysiological data published to date yields strikingly different values between 1.7 and nearly 40. Possible reasons for such divergence were analysed by Monte Carlo simulations assuming both normal and log-normal distribution of the measured data. The confidence intervals CI95 of the mean JNaCa-ratios computed from the reported data showed an overlap of values between 1 and 3, and between 0.3 and 4.3 in the case of normal and log-normal distribution, respectively. Further analyses revealed that the published high values likely result from a large scatter of data due to transmural differences in JNaCa, dispersion of cell membrane capacitances and variability in incomplete detubulation. Taking into account the asymmetric distribution of the measured data, the reduction of mean current densities after detubulation and the substantially smaller CI95 of lower values of the mean JNaCa-ratio, the values between 1.6 and 3.2 may be considered as the most accurate estimates. This implies that 40 to 60% of Na+-Ca2+ exchanger is located at the t-tubular membrane of adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes.
Bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) with reduced scalation lose water faster but do not have substantially different thermal preferences
Authors: Sakich Nicholas B. , Tattersall Glenn J.
Published: June 2021

Whether scales reduce cutaneous evaporative water loss in lepidosaur reptiles (Superorder Lepidosauria) such as lizards and snakes has been a contentious issue for nearly half a century. Furthermore, while many studies have looked at whether dehydration affects thermal preference in lepidosaurs, far fewer have examined whether normally hydrated lepidosaurs can assess their instantaneous rate of evaporative water loss and adjust their thermal preference to compensate in an adaptive manner. We tested both of these hypotheses using three captive-bred phenotypes of bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) sourced from the pet trade: ‘wild-types’ with normal scalation, ‘leatherbacks’ exhibiting scales of reduced prominence, and scaleless bearded dragons referred to as ‘silkbacks’. Silkbacks on average lost water evaporatively at about twice the rate that wild-types did. Leatherbacks on average were closer in their rates of evaporative water loss to silkbacks than they were to wild-types. Additionally, very small (at most ∼1°C) differences in thermal preference existed between the three phenotypes that were not statistically significant. This suggests a lack of plasticity in thermal preference in response to an increase in the rate of evaporative water loss, and may be reflective of a thermal ‘strategy’ as employed by thermoregulating bearded dragons that prioritises immediate thermal benefits over the threat of future dehydration. The results of this study bolster an often-discounted hypothesis regarding the present adaptive function of scales and have implications for the applied fields of animal welfare and conservation.
Μετανάστευση και εκπαίδευση
Authors: Μπελαδάκης Εμμανουήλ
Published: June 2021

Στην παρούσα έρευνα καταβάλλεται προσπάθεια καταγραφής του ρόλου της εκπαίδευση στη δημιουργία προϋποθέσεων αποδοχής και αναγνώρισης της ετερότητας ως βασικού γνωρίσματος του κοινωνικού γίγνεσθαι. Το σχολείο είναι ο χώρος στον οποίο μπορούν οι διαφορετικοί πολιτισμοί να επικοινωνήσουν και να αλληλεπιδράσουν, να αρθούν τα εμπόδια που παρεμβάλλονται σε αυτήν τη «συνάντηση» και να επιτευχθούν οι πολιτισμικές ανταλλαγές και ο πολιτισμικός εμπλουτισμός.Σκοπός είναι να διερευνηθεί η δραστηριότητα στον τομέα της Παιδαγωγικής επιστήμης, αναφορικά με την αποτελεσματική διαχείριση του μαθητικού πλουραλισμού, προκειμένου να αναδειχθεί εναργέστερα ο τρόπος με τον οποίο αυτή προσεγγίζεται στο χώρο της εκπαίδευσης. Συγκεκριμένα, η παρούσα έρευνα αποτελεί μια απόπειρα για μια συνολική προσέγγιση της εκπαιδευτικής πράξης στο πεδίο που μας αφορά, η αντιστοιχία της με την εκπαιδευτική νομοθεσία που τη διέπει, καθώς και με την σχετική διαπολιτισμική παιδαγωγική προσέγγιση. Στους επιμέρους στόχους της έρευνας περιλαμβάνονται: το ζήτημα του πολυπολιτισμικού πλουραλισμού στην ανάπτυξη Αναλυτικού Προγράμματος, η διερεύνηση του ρόλου της επικοινωνίας στην παιδαγωγική σχέση και η διερεύνηση της συμβολής της επιμόρφωσης των εκπαιδευτικών στην διαπολιτισμική ετοιμότητα. Η μέθοδος που επιλέχτηκε για την αποτύπωση της διαχείρισης των πολυπολιτισμικών τάξεων είναι η ποσοτική προσέγγιση και ανάλυση δεδομένων. Για τον σχεδιασμό και τη σύνταξη των τελικών ερωτηματολογίων είχαν αρχικά καταρτιστεί επιμέρους ερωτήματα τα οποία αποτέλεσαν μια έρευνα μικρής κλίμακας στο πλαίσιο ημιδομημένης συνέντευξης με σκοπό την διόρθωση ατελειών ή δυσκολιών ως προς την κατανόηση των τελικών ερωτηματολογίων. Για τους σκοπούς της έρευνας εξετάστηκαν οι απόψεις των εκπαιδευτικών Πρωτοβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης (διευθυντών, προϊσταμένων, δασκάλων και εκπαιδευτικών ειδικοτήτων) οι οποίοι υπηρετούν σε όλες τις Διευθύνσεις της Κρήτης. Από την ανάλυση των δεδομένων προκύπτει ότι η εκπαιδευτική πολιτική εστιάζεται, ως επί το πλείστον, στην εκμάθηση της ελληνικής γλώσσας, γεγονός που δείχνει να δυσκολεύει τους μαθητές. Συνέπεια είναι η άγνοια ή η ελλιπής κατοχή της ελληνικής γλώσσας από τους πολιτισμικά διαφορετικούς μαθητές, φαινόμενο το οποίο δυσχεραίνει σε υπέρμετρο βαθμό τη διδακτική διαδικασία και τη μαθησιακή πορεία των συγκεκριμένων παιδιών. Όμως, μια ολιστική προσέγγιση της διαπολιτισμικής εκπαιδευτικής διαδικασίας υποδεικνύει ότι θα πρέπει να λαμβάνονται υπόψη όλες οι πτυχές της πολιτισμικής ετερότητας. Συμπερασματικά, η σκοπιμότητα και η αξία της έρευνας έγκειται στο ότι συνεισφέρει στον επιστημονικό προβληματισμό σχετικά με ζητήματα της διαπολιτισμικής εκπαίδευσης στην Ελλάδα που αφορούν στο θεσμικο-εκπαιδευτικό και πολιτικό επίπεδο, στο θεωρητικό επίπεδο και στο επίπεδο της εκπαιδευτικής πράξης. Ταυτόχρονα, τίθενται οι βάσεις για μια μελλοντική διερεύνηση του ερωτήματος κατά πόσο η πολυπολιτισμικότητα των σχολείων και η διαπολιτισμική διάσταση επηρέασαν το σχεδιασμό της εκπαιδευτικής πολιτικής και πώς θα ανταποκριθούν στις τυχόν αλλαγές οι γλωσσικά και πολιτισμικά διαφορετικοί μαθητές.
Diferencias en la traducción de términos griegos del campo léxico ‘mujer’ en la Biblia gótica de Úlfilas1
Authors: Ayerbe Linares Miguel
Published: June 2021

In any language, we expect a given term or expression to be used when referring to the same thing. Something similar is to be expected of a translation. However, in certain translations of religious texts featuring the Virgin Mary, this does not seem to apply. Apparently, the choice of words used for the lexical field of “woman” varies when it is referring to the Virgin Mary. This difference of usage is shown by the fact that in this type of texts, there are certain terms related to the lexical field of “woman” that are never used with reference to the Virgin Mary, whereas some others are used only with reference to this figure, and not to other women. In this paper, my aim is to show this circumstance, using fragments from the Gothic Bible, translated from Greek by the Arian bishop Ulfilas (4th century). I will gather the terms that are used in gothic to refer to a woman, whether it is the Virgin Mary or not, and I will also analyse the contexts in which these terms are used, in order to discover what specific terms are used only with reference to the Virgin Mary, and in which specific contexts, and what terms are not used with reference to her. Finally, I will attempt to explain the reasons that might reasonably have given rise to these distinctions. Key words: Biblical Translation, terminological distinctions, Virgin Mary, gothic language, lexical field, woman.
Der Stadt-Igel - ein kulturhistorisches Modell für Deutsch als Fremdsprache
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: June 2021

We have known already for a long time the concept of the "WortIgel" (Word-Hedgehog), and here I introduce the "Stadt-Igel" (CityHedgehog), a pedagogical model with which the teaching of language can be easily combined with the teaching of cultural history and "Landeskunde" (regional and cultural studies). Since the twelfth century cities have become decisive factors in cultural history: most of literature, architecture, art, and music were created there. The "City-Hedgehog" functions in such a way that we choose one city for one German composer/poet. On that basis we can develop countless associations. Moreover, most composers/poets moved from place to place, which allows us, when we pursue a biographical perspective, to develop a whole networtwork of art and city life. In addition, the focus on one artists and poets, to historical events and developments. The City-Hedgehog city makes it possible to create quickly connections to other allows students to perceive better the organic-historical growth of cultural history and to trace that to some extent themselves in working groups
Überlegungen zum pädagogischen Fachbegriff „Literacy“ für das Deutschlernen in Taiwan1
Authors: Lee Shu-Ping
Published: June 2021

This project aims at exploring the concept of “literacy” in the context of German learning in Taiwan in order to clarify the significance of how the competence of critical cross-cultural communication to be embedded in the curriculum. Literacy is a term derives from the American context. The German context tends to regard it as a pedagogic term for reading, narrating and writing culture. In the context of traditional four-skill language training (reading, listening, writing and speaking), “literacy” implies not only the necessity of acquiring various contents including political, economic, social issues or the advance in science, but also the ability of conveying abstract ideas. In this sense, literacy refers to what Gee (1991) defines as secondary discourses, for which a socio-cultural perspective can be employed in a content-oriented and genre-based curriculum where social practice is emphasized. This curriculum leads to the possibility that language could be treated as culture (Kramsch 1995) and a third place (Kramsch 2009) could hence be critically created between the self and the other with the redefined concept of literacy for repositioning the identity of German learners in Taiwan.
Conocimiento tradicional y moda: una propuesta de abordaje desde el comercio justo y la consulta previa
Authors: Vargas-Chaves Iván , Fuentes-Mancipe Mónica , Piracoca-Chaves Diego
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo lleva a cabo una aproximación al conocimiento tradicional como un elemento esencial de la identidad, el territorio y la cosmovisión de los pueblos indígenas. Se analizan algunos escenarios de vulneración por parte de la industria de la moda, que dan cuenta de la desprotección de los derechos e intereses de las comunidades, quienes a través de estos saberes, técnicas y costumbres reflejan su relación con el mundo que les rodea. El enfoque metodológico analítico escogido, permitió llevar a cabo una reflexión integral a partir de diversas fuentes especializadas. Así, tras plantear la problemática antes descrita, los autores proponen, a manera de resultados, redimensionar el comercio justo y garantizar el derecho a la consulta previa desde un escenario constitucional.
Strengthening and Maintaining the Health of Applicants for Education in the Context of Distance Learning
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Berezueva Tetiana
Published: June 2021

The problem of children's health has recently been a priority for the state, society and citizens, since the younger generation is the main source of replenishment of the country's labor reserves. Society needs healthy people, the social and economic well-being of the whole country and the effective realization of the potential of the individual depend on the level of health of each. Protecting the health of the younger generation is important. In the system of traditional education, taking care of the health of students is the prerogative of the relevant medical institutions, but their activities are mainly aimed not at forming an attitude towards a healthy lifestyle for children, but at preventing and treating diseases. In many ways, the health of applicants for education depends on the organization of the educational process. The process of organizing distance learning causes many difficulties, namely: a sedentary lifestyle; lack of a schedule; online streaming and communication across various platforms; inappropriate amount of tasks and online lessons; insufficient time to complete tasks; low motivation for learning and physical activity; excessive workload, lack of communication with the teacher and peers; rejection of distance learning; absence or obsolescence of computer equipment and others. All these factors lead to a deterioration in the general health of children. To help today's distance and blended education applicants improve their health, improve their health and form a value orientation towards a healthy lifestyle, recommendations have been developed to optimize the learning process at home. The given recommendations are intended to help those who wish to study independently and overcome difficulties. In the context of the transition to distance learning, a well-planned daily regimen and correctly selected sets of exercises, taking into account individual physical loads, will be able to provide students with a full-fledged motor regime and maintain physical health.
Deficiency of Motor Activity as a Factor of Deterioration of Health, Decrease in Working Capacity of Students of Higher Educational Institutions
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Hayduk Nataliia , Yaroshenko Petro ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: June 2021

The article reveals the role of motor activity in the lives of students. The factors that determine it and determine the norms are presented. The dynamics of disability due to illness by students of different years of study and with different levels of physical activity is revealed. It was found that the main cause of a large number of diseases is the low level of physical activity of student youth. Ways to activate the motor activity of students by means of physical education are planned. The main possibilities of using modern health technologies in the process of classes with students are considered. The focus is on the areas and forms of work with students on their motivation to maintain and promote health. Work on individualization of health fitness programs in higher educational institutions has been carried out. The concepts of «fitness», «aerobics» are revealed. The main attention is paid to the problem and analysis of the formation of a healthy lifestyle of student youth in a higher education institution, as an important component of youth and social public policy. The tendencies of deteriorating health, physical fitness and physical activity of health-improving orientation in students of higher educational institutions are studied. The provision of the most effective process of physical education of students is determined. Particular attention is paid to improving the efficiency of physical education through the introduction of modern non-traditional types of physical culture and health activities in the educational process and finding modern ways of recovery, identifying features of the structure and content of classes, studying their impact on the body and improving students' physical condition. The issues of updating the content of the program of physical education of students by introducing modern health technologies that meet their interests were considered.
Adaptation of First-Year Students to the Conditions of Study in Higher Educational Institutions
Authors:   National University ", Yopa Tetiana ,   Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic", Ostapov Andrian ,   National University "Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic"
Published: June 2021

The problem of adaptation of first-year students is a topical issue of higher education institutions. Adaptation of students is a rather complex and long process that lasts during all years of study in a higher education institution, but the most important and problematic period is the period of study in the first year. One of the important criteria for the adaptation of freshmen to the conditions of stay and the learning process in higher education is their health. The stronger the health of students, the more successful their adaptation. The article presents the deteriorating health of first-year students; interpretation of the concept of «adaptation»; various forms (types) of adaptation of student's youth are considered; factors influencing the adaptation process; difficulties in adapting freshmen. Independent physical education and sports in extracurricular time contribute to the more successful adaptation of freshmen to the learning process. The article considers the most common forms of independent physical education classes among students. Adaptation takes place during all years of study, but the most important and problematic period is the period of study in the first year. Admission to free economic education is determined by changes in the living conditions of students, leads to the destruction of previously developed habits, skills, values ​​of former high school students, partial or complete loss of relationships with former classmates and more. There are several (types) of forms of adaptation: formal adaptation, refers to the cognitive and informational adaptation of students to the new environment, to the structure of higher education, to the requirements and their obligations; social adaptation – the process of internal integration of groups of first-year students and the integration of these groups with the student environment as a whole; didactic adaptation, concerns the preparation of students for new forms and methods of educational work in higher education.
Current Issues of Respiratory Diseases among Applicants for Higher Education
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Soldatenko Vitalii
Published: June 2021

The article covers the issue of respiratory diseases in higher education, as the problem is important and necessitates attention to the lifestyle of students of higher education, which has several shortcomings that lead to deteriorating health associated with the respiratory system. First of all, it is the harmful effects of polluted air, bad habits, hypothermia, lack of exercise, poor and irrational nutrition. The main factors that contribute to respiratory diseases during a pandemic have been identified. The materials of the modern scientific literature of the preventive direction on reduction of morbidity of respiratory system are analyzed, the basic factors of risk of occurrence of diseases of respiratory system of student's youth and methods of prevention are defined. Data on the level of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere from stationary sources and road transport are provided and the most probable period of the year for respiratory diseases is identified. A survey on smoking, alcohol, and drug use among adolescents in Ukraine was studied. The main causes of poor and irrational nutrition and the impact of lack of exercise on the level of physical development of young people are described.
Features of Technical Training of Athletes who Specialize in Football
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Kovalev Maksym
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of technical training of athletes who specialize in football. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of technical training of football players. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, testing, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, mathematical statistics. The experiment took place in four stages. During the first stage of the study, an analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature was conducted in order to clarify the state of the research problem; the contradictions and the problem of researches are formulated. In the second stage of the study, an analysis of football skills was conducted and a program of formative pedagogical experiment was developed. At the next stage, an experiment was conducted aimed at the practical substantiation of the effectiveness of experimental methods of technical training of athletes specializing in football. The final stage is devoted to qualitative and quantitative analysis of research results; their theoretical generalization and systematization; formulation of conclusions and main provisions. So, summarizing all the above, we can conclude that the technical training of players depends on careful systematization and use by the coach of all methods in training and application of the developed methods of technical training of athletes helps to improve the quality of knowledge of basic techniques, practical mastery various combinations, in terms of movement, interaction with teammates and opposition from the opponent.
Winners of the Olympic Games of the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: History and Modernity of Luhansk Region
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Pavliuk Olena , Brusak Oleksandr ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: June 2021

The article presents little-known facts about the achievements of the winners of the Olympic Games of Luhansk region in the second half of the twentieth century. Historical data provided an opportunity to fully explore sports traditions and in the historical context to mention the famous names of participants and winners of the Olympic Games of Luhansk region. In the course of the research it was established that the starting point for the Luhansk region at the Olympic Games can be considered Rome, where Valery Brumel won the first medal. It is proved that Luhansk region is famous for its ancient sports traditions. The names of participants and prize-winners of the Olympic Games of our region are known all over the world. They won gold, silver and bronze medals at the Olympic Games. It is established that the golden pages in the annals of sports of the Luhansk region were written by participants and prize-winners of the Olympic Games. Most of our compatriots continued their sports activities as coaches. It was found that Luhansk region actively involves the younger generation in the implementation of all-Ukrainian NOC projects and implements its own activities, such as «Brain Ring – Luhansk Olympic» or cognitive quiz «Sports Country» among preschools in the region. Despite all the difficulties – the difficult situation in Luhansk region and around the world, Luhansk region has a glorious Olympic tradition. The training base in Kreminna is described, where many Olympic champions and sports stars have been preparing and continue to train for their Olympic triumphs in different years. It is established that now the representatives of Luhansk region have won 3 Olympic licenses to participate in the XXXII Olympic Games in Tokyo – two in diving and one in gymnastics.
Features of Construction of a Training Macrocycle of Novice Cyclists
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Polulyaschenko Tetiana
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to insufficiently researched issues on the training of cross-country racers at the stage of initial training. Making mistakes in the practical activities of the coach at the initial stage of training novice athletes leads to a delay in sports improvement at the subsequent stages of sports training. This article analyzes the structure of training of cyclists at the stage of initial training. The focus of training loads and their dynamics in the process of long-term training of athletes-cyclists specializing in cross-country are considered. The analysis of the study of the training of athletes – cyclists in the process of many years of training showed that today the main goal of training in this direction is the physical improvement of the student's body, health promotion, the development of various physical, psychological and volitional qualities. Thus, the so-called «foundation» for further sports improvement of sports skills is laid for the future. The article experimentally substantiates the optimal parameters of training loads and indicators of their readiness at the stage of initial training in the annual cycle of training cyclists. A comparative analysis of the use of training load in the control and experimental groups is disclosed. The increase in physical qualities over the period of the experiment was revealed. The parameters of training work at the stage of initial training in group A were only 423 hours, including theoretical training – 17 hours, general physical training – 164 hours, special physical training – 184 hours, technical training – 59, control standards 4 times a year, competitions – 6 hours. The parameters of training work in group B per year were only 456 hours, including theoretical training – 11 hours, general physical training – 183 hours, special physical training – 182 hours, technical training – 80, control standards 2-3 times a year, competitions – 10 hours.
Stepping up
Authors: Allen Dominic
Published: June 2021

Dominic Allen discusses his move from dental nursing to become a dental therapist
Orthodontic excellence
Authors: Walker Sarah
Published: June 2021

Sarah Walker talks about her experience as an orthodontic nurse
Direct anterior approach has short-term functional benefit and higher resource requirements compared with the posterior approach in primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Awad Mohamed E. , Farley Brendan J. , Mostafa Gamal , Saleh Khaled J.
Published: June 2021

Aims

It has been suggested that the direct anterior approach (DAA) should be used for total hip arthroplasty (THA) instead of the posterior approach (PA) for better early functional outcomes. We conducted a value-based analysis of the functional outcome and associated perioperative costs, to determine which surgical approach gives the better short-term outcomes and lower costs.

Methods

This meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and the Cochrane Handbook. Several online databases were searched. Non-stratified and stratified meta-analyses were conducted to test the confounding biases in the studies which were included. The mean cost and probability were used to determine the added costs of perioperative services.

Results

The DAA group had significantly longer operating times (p < 0.001), reduced length of hospital stay by a mean of 13.4 hours (95% confidence interval (CI) 9.12 to 18; p < 0.001), and greater blood loss (p = 0.030). The DAA group had significantly better functional outcome at three (p < 0.001) and six weeks (p = 0.006) postoperatively according to the Harris Hip Score (HHS). However, there was no significant difference between the groups for the HHS at six to eight weeks (p = 0.230), 12 weeks (p = 0.470), six months (p = 0.740), and one year (p = 0.610), the 12-Item Short Form Survey (SF-12) physical score at six weeks (p = 0.580) and one year (p = 0.360), SF-12 mental score at six weeks (p = 0.170) and one year (p = 0.960), and University of California and Los Angeles (UCLA) activity scale at 12 weeks (p = 0.250). The mean non-stratified and stratified difference in costs for the operating theatre time and blood transfusion were $587.57 (95% CI 263.83 to 1,010.29) to $887.04 (95% CI 574.20 to 1,298.88) and $248.38 (95% CI 1,003.40 to 1,539.90) to $1,162.41 (95% CI 645.78 to 7,441.30), respectively, more for the DAA group. However, the mean differences in costs for the time in hospital were $218.23 and $192.05, respectively, less for the DAA group.

Conclusion

The use of the DAA, rather than the PA, in THA has earlier benefits for function and pain. However, these are short-lasting, with no significant differences seen at later intervals. In addition the limited benefits were obtained with higher cumulative costs for DAA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6):1078–1087.
Patients follow three distinct outcome trajectories following total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Hamilton David F. , Shim Joanna , Howie Colin R. , Macfarlane Gary J.
Published: June 2021

Aims

Although total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a highly successful procedure, about 20% of patients remain dissatisfied postoperatively. This proportion is derived from dichotomous models of the assessment of surgical success or failure, which may not reflect the spectrum of outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore differing responses to surgery, and assess whether there are distinct groups of patients with differing patterns of outcome.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of a UK multicentre TKA longitudinal cohort study. We used a group-based trajectory modelling analysis of Oxford Knee Score (OKS) in the first year following surgery with longitudinal data involving five different timepoints and multiple predictor variables. Associations between the derived trajectory groups and categorical baseline variables were assessed, and predictors of trajectory group membership were identified using Poisson regression and multinomial logistic regression, as appropriate. The final model was adjusted for sociodemographic factors (age, sex) and baseline OKS.

Results

Data from 731 patients were available for analysis. Three distinct trajectories of outcome were identified: “poor” 14.0%, “modest” 39.1%, and “good” 46.9%. The predicted probability of membership for patients assigned to each trajectory group was high (0.89 to 0.93). Preoperative mental, physical health, and psychosocial factors determined which trajectory is likely to be followed. Poor responders were characterized by a comparatively small number of factors, preoperative expectations of pain and limitations, coping strategies, and a lower baseline physical health status, while the good responders were characterized by a combination of clinical, psychosocial, mental health, and quality of life factors.

Conclusion

We identified three distinct response trajectories in patients undergoing TKA. Controlling for baseline score, age, and sex, psychosocial factors such as expectations of pain and limited function and poor coping strategies differentiated the trajectory groups, suggesting a role for preoperative psychosocial support in optimizing the clinical outcome. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6):1096–1102.
Open reduction and internal fixation versus nonoperative treatment for closed, displaced, intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus: long-term follow-up from the HeFT randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dickenson Edward J. , Parsons Nick , Griffin Damian R.
Published: June 2021

Aims

We report the long-term outcomes of the UK Heel Fracture Trial (HeFT), a pragmatic, multicentre, two-arm, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial.

Methods

HeFT recruited 151 patients aged over 16 years with closed displaced, intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus. Patients with significant deformity causing fibular impingement, peripheral vascular disease, or other significant limb injuries were excluded. Participants were randomly allocated to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or nonoperative treatment. We report Kerr-Atkins scores, self-reported difficulty walking and fitting shoes, and additional surgical procedures at 36, 48, and 60 months.

Results

Overall, 60-month outcome data were available for 118 patients (78%; 52 ORIF, 66 nonoperative). After 60 months, mean Kerr-Atkins scores were 79.2 (SD 21.5) for ORIF and 76.4 (SD 22.5) for nonoperative. Mixed effects regression analysis gave an estimated effect size of -0.14 points (95% confidence interval -8.87 to 8.59; p = 0.975) in favour of ORIF. There were no between group differences in difficulty walking (p = 0.175), or on the type of shoes worn (p = 0.432) at 60 months. Additional surgical procedures were conducted on ten participants allocated ORIF, compared to four in the nonoperative group (p = 0.043).

Conclusion

ORIF of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures, not causing fibular impingement, showed no difference in outcomes at 60 months compared to nonoperative treatment, but with an increased risk of additional surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6):1040–1046.