bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preterm Infant Growth Velocity Calculations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fenton Tanis R. , Chan Hilton T. , Madhu Aiswarya , Griffin Ian J. , Hoyos Angela , Ziegler Ekhard E. , Groh-Wargo Sharon , Carlson Susan J. , Senterre Thibault , Anderson Diane , Ehrenkranz Richard A.
Published: February 2017

CONTEXT:

Clinicians assess the growth of preterm infants and compare growth velocity using a variety of methods.

OBJECTIVE:

We determined the numerical methods used to describe weight, length, and head circumference growth velocity in preterm infants; these methods include grams/kilogram/day (g/kg/d), grams/day (g/d), centimeters/week (cm/week), and change in z scores.

DATA SOURCES:

A search was conducted in April 2015 of the Medline database by using PubMed for studies that measured growth as a main outcome in preterm neonates between birth and hospital discharge and/or 40 weeks’ postmenstrual age. English, French, German, and Spanish articles were included. The systematic review was conducted by using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses methods.

STUDY SELECTION:

Of 1543 located studies, 373 (24%) calculated growth velocity.

DATA EXTRACTION:

We conducted detailed extraction of the 151 studies that reported g/kg/d weight gain velocity.

RESULTS:

A variety of methods were used. The most frequently used method to calculate weight gain velocity reported in the 1543 studies was g/kg/d (40%), followed by g/d (32%); 29% reported change in z score relative to an intrauterine or growth chart. In the g/kg/d studies, 39% began g/kg/d calculations at birth/admission, 20% at the start of the study, 10% at full feedings, and 7% after birth weight regained. The kilogram denominator was not reported for 62%. Of the studies that did report the denominators, the majority used an average of the start and end weights as the denominator (36%) followed by exponential methods (23%); less frequently used denominators included birth weight (10%) and an early weight that was not birth weight (16%). Nineteen percent (67 of 355 studies) made conclusions regarding extrauterine growth restriction or postnatal growth failure. Temporal trends in head circumference growth and length gain changed from predominantly cm/wk to predominantly z scores.

LIMITATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

The lack of standardization of methods used to calculate preterm infant growth velocity makes comparisons between studies difficult and presents an obstacle to using research results to guide clinical practice.
Lack of germline mutation at codon 211 of the prion protein gene (PRNP) in Korean native cattle — Short communication
Authors: Kim Yong-Chan , Jeong Byung-Hoon
Published: February 2017

Bovine prion diseases are composed of two types of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), classical BSE and atypical BSE. Recent studies have identified one case of atypical BSE with an E211K mutation. E211K is homologous to the human E200K mutation, which is related to familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), one of the familial forms of human prion diseases. To date, familial forms of prion diseases have not been reported in non-human animals. Because the familial forms of human prion diseases account for more than 10% of all human prion disease cases, the detection of the E211K mutation in healthy cattle is very important for verifying the role of this mutation as a familial form of BSE. To detect putative mutations related to familial BSE, specifically E211K in Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) and Korean dairy cattle (Holstein), we performed direct sequencing targeting codon 211 and the adjacent regions of the bovine prion protein (PRNP) gene in 384 Hanwoo and 152 Holstein cattle. We did not find the E211K mutation in any of the Korean cattle. Although we did not find the E211K mutation in Korean native cattle, E211K is a postulated mutation; therefore, further screening in other countries and larger samples is highly desirable.
JENIS, JUMLAH, DAN DISTRIBUSI IKAN BUDI DAYA TERLEPAS Dl SUNGAI KAMPAR, PROPINSI RIAU
Authors: Husnah Husnah , Aida Siti Nurul
Published: February 2017

Setiap tahapan kegiatan budi daya berpotensi mengganggu lingkungan. Terlepasnya ikan budi daya pada saat penebaran, panen, atau kerusakkan karamba karena bencana alam akan mempengaruhi kelimpahan dan keragaman jenis ikan asli di perairan tersebut yang akhirnya dapat mempengaruhi hasiltangkapan dan produksi ikan perairan umum
MARGA ENGRAULTDAE (FISHES) DI TELUK AMBON: DIVERSITAS, STRUKTUR UKURAN, DAN FAKTOR KONDISI
Authors: Syahailatua Augy
Published: February 2017

lkan pelagis kecil yang berlimpah di Teluk Ambon meliputi ikan-ikan dari marga Engraiidae. lkan Engraulidae dikenal sebagai ikan umpan dalam perikanan cakalang, di samping itu masyarakat juga menjadikannya sebagai ikan konsumsi
Alginate Lyase from Indonesian Bacillus megaterium S245 Shows Activities Toward Polymannuronate and Polyguluronate
Authors: Subaryono Subaryono , Ardilasari Yuwanita , Peranginangin Rosmawaty , Zakaria Fransisca Rungkat , Suhartono Maggy Thenawidjaja
Published: February 2017

Screening of alginate lyase producing bacteria associated with seaweed Sargassum crassifolium was carried out, and isolate S245, identified as Bacillus megaterium S245 was found to produce high alginate lyase activity. This research was conducted to evaluate activity of the alginate lyase enzyme at various pHs, temperatures and substrates. Polymannuronate and polyguluronate were used to evaluate substrate specificities. Alginate lyase activity was assayed by analysis of reducing sugar released using the 3,5 dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. The research showed that the activity of alginate lyase was optimum at pH of 7.0 and  temperature of 45 0C. This enzyme was active for both polymannuronate and polyguluronate susbtrates. The Vmax and Km of this enzyme for polymannuronate and polyguluronate were 200 unit/ml/min and 79.8 mg/ml for polymannuronate substrate and 27.78 unit/ml/min and 13.17 mg/ml for polyguluronate substrate. This enzyme showed unique characteristic in working toward the two substrates.
Ways to Improve the Results of Treatment of Patients with Acute Mesenteric Circulation
Authors: Смелкин Дмитрий , Корымасов Евгений Анатольевич , Бабаев А П
Published: February 2017

Целью нашего исследования явилось улучшение результатов обширной резекции тонкой кишки у больных с острым нарушением мезентериального кровообращения за счет рационального выбора способа завершения данной операции. Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 44 пациента с острым нарушением мезентериального кровообращения, которым была выполнена обширная резекция тонкой кишки на фоне распространенного гнойного перитонита. Резекция завешалась формированием временной концевой еюностомы либо еюностомией по Майдлю. Выявлены факторы, оказывающие статистически значимое влияние на летальность у этой группы больных (значения по интегральным шкалам MIP и SAPS). Результаты и их обсуждение. Установлено, что длина остающейся части тонкой кишки не может быть фактором, сдерживающим формирование временной концевой еюностомы. На основании полученных результатов разработан хирургический алгоритм, успешно примененный у 28 пациентов основной группы, что позволило снизить летальность с 86,4% до 68%.Заключение. После резекции тонкой кишки у больных с перитонитом вследствие острого нарушения мезентериального кровообращения предпочтение следует отдать временной концевой еюностоме.
The Algorithm for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Chronic Opisthorchiasis Complicated with Obstructive Jaundice
Authors: Ilkanich A. JA. , Darvin V. V. , Klimova N. V. , Vardanyan T. S.
Published: February 2017

Актуальность Хронический описторхоз - эндемичное паразитарное заболевание Западно-Сибирского региона, которое в41,6% случаев сопровождается билиарной гипертензией. Разработка лечебно-диагностического алгоритма для больных схроническим описторхозом, осложненным механической желтухой является актуальным научным исследованием.Целью исследования Разработка и оценка эффективности применения лечебно-диагностического алгоритма у пациентовс хроническим описторхозом, осложненным механической желтухой.Материалы и методы В исследование включен 91 пациент с хроническим описторхозом, осложненным механической жел-тухой. Пациенты разделены на основную и контрольную группы. В основной группе применен разработанный нами лечеб-но-диагностический алгоритм. Среди лучевых методов диагностики применены ультразвуковое исследование, магнитно-резонансная холангиопанкреатография (МРХПГ) и эндоскопическая ретроградная холангиопанкреатография (ЭРХПГ). Сцелью декомпрессии желчевыводящих путей применялись эндоскопическое, чрескожное чреспеченочное и хирургическоедренирование желчных протоков.Результаты и их обсуждение По данным лучевых методов определены пять типов архитектоники желчевыводящихпутей при хроническом описторхозе. При склеротических изменениях, осложнённых механической желтухой при хрони-ческом описторхозе, чувствительность МРХПГ составила 97,7%, специфичность 83,3%, общая точность 96%. Чувстви-тельность ЭРХПГ в основной группе составила 97,4%, специфичность 100%, общая точность 97,7%, в контрольной груп-пе 92,1%, 100% и 92,7% соответственно. Эндоскопические методы устранения желтухи были эффективными у 84,0%пациентов основной и 80,6% контрольной группы.Выводы Разработанный лечебно-диагностический алгоритм для больных хроническим описторхозом, осложненным меха-нической желтухой, позволяет сократить диагностический этап и обеспечивает оптимальный выбор метода декомпрес-сии желчных путей. Проведенный анализ свидетельствуют о высокой информативности МРХПГ и ЭРХПГ.Ключевые слова Осложнения хронического описторхоза, механическая желтуха, магнитно-резонансная холангиопанкре-атография
Comparative evaluation of interleukin-6 in the liver tissues, bile duct, blood serum and urine in patients with obstructive jaundice of benign etiology
Authors: Hajiyev Jabbar Metulla ogly , Taghiyev Elman Gulu oglu , Hajiyev Novruz Jabbar oglu
Published: February 2017

Цель исследования – сравнительное изучение содержания IL-6 в ткани печени, протоковой желчи, сыворотке крови и мочеу больных с ОЖ доброкачественного генеза, в зависимости от степени печеночной дисфункции.Материалы и методы. В статье в сравнительной оценке анализируются содержание IL-6 в ткани печени, сывороткекрови и протоковой желчи в динамике при хирургическом лечении 67 больных с обтурационной желтухой доброкачествен-ного генеза. У всех больных причиной обтурационной желтухи был холедохолитиаз. Степень печеночной дисфункции опре-деляли с учетом маркеров холестаза и цитолиза гепатоцитов в крови. Печеночная дисфункция I степени наблюдалась – у21 больного, печеночная дисфункция II степени – у 14, печеночная дисфункция III степени – у 10, печеночная дисфункция IV– у 9 больных. У 13 больного на фоне обтурационной желтухи был гнойный холангит. Концентрацию IL-6 в ткани печени(ТП), при заборе во время операции у 42 больных, в протоковой желчи сразу – в первой порции у 42 больных, на 3-и и 7-есутки после наружной декомпрессии желчных путей у 37 больных, в сыворотке крови и моче до операции, на 3-и и 7-е суткипосле операции определяли с помощью иммуноферментного анализа с использованием реактивов Dender Medsistems (USA).Результаты и их обсуждения. Сопоставление показателей IL-6 в ТП, протоковой желчи, сыворотке крови и моче у боль-ных различной степенью ПД показало, что сыворотка крови характеризовала более низким их уровнем содержания данно-го показателя, чем в ТП, желчи и моче, а больше всего данного цитокина определилось в желчи. При наличии ГХ наблюда-ется наибольшее накопление IL-6 в ТП, желчи и в моче по сравнению с сыворотке крови.Вывод Локальный и системный уровни IL-6 могут служить в качестве маркеров для оценки тяжести патологическогопроцесса, планирования консервативной терапии, мониторинга эффективности проводимого лечения и клинического те-чения.Ключевые слова: механическая желтуха, холедохолитиаз, интерлейкин – 6, печеночная дисфункция
Some Strain Characteristics of the White Lne of the Abdomen in the Median Laparotomic Wound (Experimental Study)
Authors: Vnukov P. V. , Sheptunov Y. M.
Published: February 2017

Актуальность Натяжение апоневроза в хирургическом лечении срединных грыж имеет место при различных способахгерниопластики. В то же время нормы этого показателя и допустимые величины на сегодняшний день не определены и всвязи с этим не используются в герниологии.Цель исследования - оценка напряжения в области белой линии живота при срединной лапаротомии на разных уровнях;разработка наиболее «физиологичного» способа тензометрии, релевантного условиям в «живой» ране; эксперименталь-ное обоснование слабых мест белой линии живота.Материалы и методы В статье описаны результаты экспериментального биомеханического исследования белой линииживота на 15 нефиксированных трупах. Произведен срединный лапаротомный разрез. Выделена белая линия живота на12см выше пупка и на такое же расстояние ниже пупка. Выполнено 6 продольных разрезов апоневроза по 4 см длиной каж-дый. С помощью цифрового электронного динамометра, а также пинцетного механизма определена сила (Н), необходимаядля сведения краев апоневроза. Аналогично выполнены измерения для трех разрезов белой линии живота длиной 8см (вышепупка, на уровне пупка и ниже пупка), а также для верхне и нижне срединных разрезов по 12см. Соответственно получен-ным показателям вычислено напряжение (Н/см2).Результаты и их обсуждение Было установлено, что напряжение в разрезе апоневроза выше пупка (1,82±0,46Н/см2)статистически имеет более высокий показатель, чем ниже пупка (0,96±0,40Н/см2) с уровнем значимости р≤0,05. Причемнаибольший показатель отмечен в субксифоидальной области (2,66±1,2Н/см2), а наименьший в средней трети нижне-срединного разреза (0,68±0,5Н/см2) (р≤0,01). Выдвинута гипотеза о том, что данный факт обусловлен в большей степенигоризонтальным положением тела. Исходя из того, что биофизической моделью передней брюшной стенки может бытьтонкостенный цилиндр выполнено математическое обоснование гипотезы. Расчетное изменение напряжения составило2,4Н/см2, что весьма близко к эмпирическому – 2,0Н/см2.Заключение Сделан вывод о том, что в горизонтальном положении тела напряжение апоневроза в нижне-срединной лапа-ротомной ране меньше, чем в верхне-срединной, что в значительной степени нивелируется в ортостазе.Ключевые слова белая линия, апоневроз, напряжение.
ATRA modulates gluconeogenesis and triglyceride biosynthesis pathway of liver in elastase induced emphysematous rats
Authors: Uniyal Swati , Kotnala Sudhir , Teotia Ekta , Kumar Rahul , Tyagi Amit , Muyal Jai Prakash
Published: February 2017

Emphysema is a chronic pulmonary disorder characterized by the destruction and enlargement of the gas exchanging units known as alveoli. Chronic inflammation is one of the critical features associated with pathogenesis of emphysema. The inflammatory mediators generated during emphysema are thought to be infiltrated into the circulatory system, leading to systemic inflammation and thus, affecting other vital organs. The potential role of ATRA, an anti-inflammatory bio-molecule, towards molecular mechanisms governing systemic inflammation due to inflammatory mediator’s overspills in emphysema is poorly understood. Therefore, the present study deals with investigating the potential effect of ATRA on physiological functions of liver tissue in an established elastase induced emphysema rat model. Three experimental groups (i.e., control, SS; emphysema, ES; and therapy, EA) were prepared. Subsequently, liver from each rat was collected for elastase activity assay, histopathology, real-time PCR based mRNA expression analyses, total lipid estimation and western blot analysis. ATRA supplementation in emphysema group decreases elastase activity. Liver histopathology photomicrographs clearly shows an increase in number of Kupffer cells in ES than SS, while, a decrease in number of Kupffer cells was found in EA. Furthermore, upon validation at mRNA and protein level, expressions of TNF-α, enzymes of gluconeogenesis and triglyceride biosynthesis pathway were significantly increased in ES while decreased in EA when compared to SS. Therapeutic supplementation of ATRA posed a beneficial effect in maintaining the normal architecture of liver tissue along with modulation of gluconeogenesis and triglyceride biosynthesis pathways.
Development of problem-based learning model with metacognitive strategy to improve students’ problem-solving ability
Authors: Usodo Budi , Sutopo Sutopo , C Henny Ekana , Kurniawati Ira , Kuswardi Yemi
Published: February 2017

This research was conducted to: examine the problem solving ability of students in mathematics education FKIP UNS, (2) develop problem-based learning model with metacognitive strategy, (3) examine the effectiveness of problem-based learning model with metacognitive strategy. Three methods were used in this research: descriptive quantitative, research and development (RnD), and experimental method. The development method used 4-D model which consists of four phases: define, design, develop, and dessimenete. Experimental method was conducted to examine the effectiveness of learning model developed. The population in this research is all students of mathematics education FKIP UNS, while the sample used is students who took the Basics Matematics course. The data collections were used in this research: test, validation sheet, and observation sheet. Descriptive quantitative analysis technique was used to analyze the instrument development. Quantitative descriptive analysis was used to describe the validators’ mark result for the learning instruments. Descriptive quantitative analysis was used to analyze the problem-solving ability test result that described by percentages. The efectiveness of model development was analyzed by T-test method. The results of this study showed that: (1) students’ problem solving ability of mathematics education FKIP UNS particularly in non-algoritmic problems is still not good, but in algoritmic problems is good enough, (2) in the development of  problem-based learning model with metacognitive strategy learning instruments, three instruments that qualify valid, practical, and effective there are:  Learning Plan, Students’ Activity Sheet, and  Students’ Teaching Material.
Pengaruh Suplementasi Betain terhadap Beberapa Parameter Lipida dan Protein Darah pada Puyuh
Authors: Shenatmoko Aditya D , Kurniawan Aris , Gebby C V , Ratriyanto Adi , Indreswari Rysca , Dewanti Ratih
Published: February 2017

The objective of this research was to see the influence of betaine supplementation on some of blood lipid and protein parameters in laying quails. The research used four treatments based on completely randomized design. Each treatment was replicated five times with seventeen quails each.
The treatments used 340 quails aged 4 weeks with average weigh 98.31±8.67 grams. The supplementation levels of betaine were 0 (control); 0.07; 0.14 and 0.21%. Twenty quails aged 14 weeks were taken from each replicate to determine blood lipid and protein. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and if there was an effect of treatment, then it was analyzed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The result showed that betaine supplementation at level 0.14% resulted higher level of low density lipoprotein compared with the other treatments. It could be concluded that betaine supplementation at 0.14% resulted higher concentration of low density lipoprotein than control.
Key words: quail, betaine, blood lipid, blood protein
Komposisi Kimia dan Komponen Serat Berbagai Jenis Pakan Lokal yang Berasal dari Habitat Asal Kuskus dan Penangkaran
Authors: Kayadoe M , Koibur J F , Warmetan H
Published: February 2017

The study was to examine the chemical composition and fiber components in various local feed sourced from native habitats and in cage. The research use 11 type of feed that rested on three types of feed native habitats (3 types of timber plants: Pometia pinnata, Pongamia pinnata, and Intsia bijuga and 8 types of feed from kuskus cage are three types of non wood plants: Ipomoea aquatic, Ipomoea batatas, and Brassicia spp., and five types of fruits: Carica papaya, Musa paradisiaca, Artocarpus integra, Averhoa carambala, Persea americana). Proximate and van Soest analysis was analized in the Feed and Nutrition Laboratory Fakultas Peternakan Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Unipa, The laboratory of Forest Product Tecnology Fakultas Kehutanan Unipa, and BPT Ciawi, Bogor. The result showed that the type of feed sourced native habitats has a chemical compositions beter than that type of feed from captivity (cage). Besides higher fiber components contained on type of feed from his native habitat. These were consistent with research in Papua New Guinea that fibrous feed either need to overcome intestinal infleminations and possibly longer survival. The conclusions of this study were rear edin captivity possum that given the dominant feed fruits turned out to be given food from his native habitat because of higher potential for nutrient and fiber components.
Key words: chemical composition, fiber components, feed, native habitats, captivity
Penampilan Produksi Sapi PO dan PFH Jantan yang Mendapat Pakan Konsentrat dan ”Hay” Rumput Gajah
Authors: Adiwinarti R , Kusuma I P , Sri Lestari C M
Published: February 2017

This research has been done during August 2004 - January 2005 at Laboratorium Ilmu Ternak Potong dan Kerja, Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Diponegoro Semarang. The study was set up to investigate the performance of ongole crossbred and Friesian Holstein crossbred young bulls fed concentrate and Napier grass hay. This research used 4 yearling ongole crossbred (PO) bulls with the initial body weight: 228,17 + 14,77 kg (CV = 6,47%) and 4 yearling friesian holstein crossbred (PFH) bulls with the body weight: 196,34 + 7,64 kg (CV = 3,89%). The Independent Sample Comparisons was used in this study. Those bulls were fed 30% hay of Napier grass and 70% concentrate made of “bungkil kelapa sawit” (80%) and rice bran (20%). The ration was given based on dry matter need, 2.5% of the body weight. Parameters observed were the average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (dry matter intake, crude protein intake, Total Digestible Nutrients’ 2 Sains Peternakan Vol.8 (1), Maret 2010 intake) and feed conversion. Data were analyzed using t-test; except for feed conversion was analyzed deskriptifely.The result indicated that those cattle fed concentrate and Napier grass had ADG and feed intake relatively similar. The average of ADG PO bulls were 0.21 kg and PFH bulls were 0.22 kg. Dry matter intakes of PO and PFH bulls were 3.33 kg/day and 2.83 kg/day. Crude protein intake of PO bulls were 0,45 kg/day and that of PFH bulls were 0,38 kg/day, whereas TDN intake of PO bulls were 1,93 kg/day and PFH bulls were 1,20 kg/day. Feed conversion of PO bulls was 15.86 and that of PFH bulls was 12.86. It can be concluded that the performance of Ongole crossbred and Friesian Holstein crossbred young bulls fed concentrate and Napier grass hay was similar. Those indicated that PFH bulls had productivity that was the same as PO bulls. Key words : Bulls, performance, feed intake, feed conversion
Pemanfaatan Energi Pakan pada Sapi Peranakan Ongole dan Sapi Peranakan Ongole x Limousin Jantan Muda yang Diberi Rumput Gajah dan Konsentrat
Authors: Rianto E , Efendi M Y , Purnomoadi A
Published: February 2017

An experiment was carried out to investigate the efficiency of dietary energy utilisation in. Ongole Grade (OG) and OG x Limousin (OGL) young bulls under intensive feeding regime. This experiment used 4 OG and 4 OGL young bulls (about 6 months old). The initial body weight of OG was 78±4.69 kg, and that of OGL was 91.25±12.62 kg. This experiment used “Independent Sample Comparison” method. Parameters observed were energy intake, energy digestibility, energy metabolisability, live weight gain and energy conversion. The results showed that dry matter (DM) intake of OG PO (26.87 g/ kg BB) was lower (P<0.05) than that of OGL (33.05 g/ kg BB/d); so that energy intake of OG (0.43 MJ/kg BB/d) was also lower (P<0,05) than that of OGL (0.55MJ/kg BB/d).However, were not significant difference (P>0.05) between the two breeds in all other parameters observed. Dietary energy digestibility’s in OG and OGL were 52.60 and 52.20%, respectively. Energy metabolisability’s in OG and OGL were 44.30 and 42.90%, respectively. Live weight gain of were 0.325 and 0.412 kg/d in OG and OGL, respectively Energy conversions in OG and OGL were 46.44 and 55.90 MJ per kilogram live weight gain. It was concluded that OG and OGL young bulls under intensive feeding regime had similar performance in energy utilisation.

Key words: Bulls, breed, energy metabolism
PENGATURAN RULES OF ORIGIN DI INDONESIA DAN MASALAH-MASALAH HUKUM YANG DITIMBULKANNYA
Authors: , Emmy Latifah
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Rules of origin is used to determine the origin of products in order to receive preferential tariff facility. It means that only the products which are from certain countries or certain region that have been bound the preferential trade agreements which entitled on the preferential tariff. Moreover, rules of origin also plays the role to prevent trade deflection. In this context, it becomes the mechanism to preclude import products that do not originate from a particular countries or region through the state which applies the lowest external tariff. Therefore, regulating rules of origin in each country bound the preferential trade agreement is needed. This research examined how Indonesia regulated rules of origin in its national legal order and the legal problems arose from its regulation. Indonesian rules of origin defined limited to technical rule. As a result, Indonesia has the potential to be harmed in international trade traffic. In addition, institutional problem is also a matter of concern. Because Indonesia does not have a special agency dealing with rules of origin, thus it creates difficulty for many parties, not just the perpetrators of international trade, but also the government.

Keywords: rules of origin, regulation, legal problems, Indonesia

 Abstrak

Rules of origin adalah mekanisme yang digunakan untuk menentukan asal produk dalam rangka mendapatkan fasilitas tarif preferensial. Hanya produk-produk yang berasal dari negara tertentu yang telah terikat pada satu perjanjian preferensial saja yang dapat menikmati tarif preferensial. Selain itu, rules of origin juga berfungsi untuk mencegah defleksi perdagangan. Dalam konteks ini, rules of origin menjadi mekanisme pencegahan masuknya produk-produk yang bukan berasal dari kawasan tertentu melalui negara yang menerapkan tarif eksternal paling rendah. Oleh sebab itu, pengaturan rules of origin di setiap negara yang terlibat dalam perjanjian perdagangan preferensial sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaturan rules of origin di Indonesia dan masalah-masalah hukum yang ditimbulkan dari pengaturan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia belum memiliki aturan rules of origin yang bersifat komprehensif. Aturan mengenai rules of origin di Indonesia masih dimaknai sebatas aturan teknis saja. Akibatnya, Indonesia berpotensi untuk dirugikan dalam lalu lintas perdagangan internasional. Selain itu, masalah kelembagaan juga menjadi hal yang perlu diperhatikan. Indonesia belum memiliki lembaga yang khusus menangani rules of origin, sehingga hal ini menyulitkan banyak pihak, tidak saja pihak pelaku perdagangan internasional, tapi juga pihak pemerintah.

Kata kunci: rules of origin, pengaturan, masalah hukum, Indonesia.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PEKERJA MIGRAN PENATA LAKSANA RUMAH TANGGA (PLRT) DI LUAR NEGERI OLEH NEGARA DITINJAU DARI KONSEP TANGGUNG JAWAB NEGARA
Authors: , Koesrianti
Published: February 2017

Abstract

This research discusses the legal protection of migrant workers, especially, women migrant domestic workers. Due to the nature and characteristic of domestic work, the migrant domestic workers are subject to violence, abuses, discrimination and unfair treatment when they are in destination countries. The most vulnerable group among migrant workers is women migrant domestic workers because they are women. Accordingly, the government and the stakeholders should give protection to the women migrant domestic workers regardless their status (legal or illegal) as they are stay beyond national jurisdiction of sending state.

Keywords: legal protection, Migrant workers, domestic, state responsibility.

 Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji bentuk-bentuk perlindungan hukum yang diberikan kepada pekerja migran PLRT di luar negeri. Pekerja migran PLRT karena karakteristiknya merupakan kelompok yang sangat rentan terhadap perlakuan abuse, diskriminatif, dan ketidak-adilan ketika bekerja di luar negeri. Kelompok paling rentan diantara pekerja migrant adalah TKW PLRT karena keperempuannya. Konsep tanggung jawab Negara mengharuskan pemerintah memberikan perlindungan kepada TKI terlepas dari status mereka, baik legal atau illegal karena mereka berada diluar yurisdiksi Negara pengirim

Kata Kunci: Perlindungan hukum, TKI, PLRT, Tanggung Jawab Negara.
AKAR KONFLIK DALAM MASYARAKAT MULTIKULTURAL DI KARIMUNJAWA
Authors: , Anis Widyawati
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Karimunjawa known as the “Mini Indonesia”, this is because the population is composed of various ethnic groups as Javanese, Bugis-Makassar, Madura, Bajo, Mandar, and Buton. However, the multicultural Karimunjawa of which is the consumption of alcohol and unrest among the people at the time held related to land ownership rights; fraud and theft committed by people outside Karimunjawa. While the psychological development; intergroup differences of interest

Abstrak

Karimunjawa dikenal sebagai “Indonesia Mini”, hal ini karena penduduknya terdiri dari berbagai etnis (suku) seperti Jawa, Bugis-Makasar, Madura, Bajo, Mandar, dan Buton. Namun, kondisi yang multikultural diadakan hiburan musik dangdut; perkelahian pemuda; ketegangan antara Balai Taman Nasional dengan masyarakat terkait dengan hak kepemilikan tanah; penipuan dan pencurian yang dilakukan oleh orang generasi; perkembangan zaman; masalah ekonomi; perkembangan psikologi remaja; perbedaan kepentingan antargolongan
ASAS FUNGSI SOSIAL HAK ATAS TANAH PADA NEGARA HUKUM (SUATU TINJAUAN DARI TEORI, YURIDIS DAN PENERAPANNYA DI INDONESIA)
Authors: , Triana Rejekiningsih
Published: February 2017

Abstract

The objective of this study is to investigate the nature of the social function principles of land rights within the theoretical and juridical perspective and its implementation in Indonesia. This research used the sociological or empirical research method to view the effectiveness of law in society. The result of research shows that the nature of social function principles of land rights theoretically is an acknowledgement of individual, social, and public interests in lands. The juridical basis of the social function principles of land rights refered to Article 6 of Law Number 5 of 1960 regarding Basic Regulations for Agrarian

welfare. The social function principles are materialized in various law norms that are land reform, land consolidation, land redistribution, abandoned land controlling, and land provision for public interest. The government through the National Land Agency controls land affairs as to protect its citizens’ land rights. The implementation of the social function principles of land rights is also done through the community empowerment program, namely: Pokmasdartibnah (community groups which are aware of land affairs) established by the National Land Agency and participation through Consortium Agrarian Reform, which establishes Damara (Advanced Land Reform) villages.

Keywords: Social function principles, theory, implementation

Abstrak

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hakekat asas fungsi sosial atas tanah baik dalam tinjauan teori, yuridis, dan penerapannya di Indonesia. Penelitian hukum ini bersifat sosiologis atau empiris untuk melihat efektivitas hukum di masyarakat. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa asas fungsi sosial hak atas tanah secara teori merupakan pengakuan atas kepentingan perorangan, kepentingan sosial dan kepentingan umum atas tanah. Landasan yuridis asas fungsi sosial hak atas tanah, didasarkan pada Pasal 6 Undang-Undang Nomor 5 tahun 1960 tentang Pokok-Pokok Agraria sebagai amanah konstitusi tentang pentingnya perlindungan tanah bagi sebesar-besar kemakmuran rakyat. Asas fungsi sosial hak atas tanah diwujudkan dalam berbagai norma hukum, tentang landreform, konsolidasi tanah, redistribusi tanah, penertiban tanah-tanah terlantar, dan pengadaan tanah untuk kepentingan umum. Pemerintah melalui BPN, melakukan pengendalian pertanahan untuk memberikan perlindungan hak-hak warga negara atas tanah. Penerapan asas fungsi sosial hak atas tanah juga dilakukan melalui program pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan membentuk Pokmasdartibnah (Kelompok Masyarakat Sadar Tertib Pertanahan) oleh BPN, dan adanya partisipasi Konsorsium Pembaharuan Agraria (KPA) membentuk Desa Maju Reforma Agraria (Damara).

Kata Kunci : asas fungsi sosial hak atas tanah, teori, penerapan
Antioxidant Activities of GMB 7 Variety of Tea at Different Altitude
Authors: Martono Budi , Falah Syamsul , Nurlaela Eneng
Published: February 2017

GMB 7 is a tea variety which has high productivity and a potential source of natural antioxidants, grow well at low, medium, and high altitude. The research aimed to analyze the effect of altitude on antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoids content of GMB 7 tea variety. The research was conducted at the Biopharmacy Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural University, from November 2014 to February 2015. The treatments tested were of tea shoots extracts taken from three different altitudes at PT Tambi tea plantations,Wonosobo, at 690, 1.280, and 1.890 m above sea level. The tea shoots (100 g)  were mixed in aquades with the ratio of 1:10, extracted with hot water (90°C; 30 minutes). The extracts were then filtered and evaporated using rotary vacuum evaporator (50 rpm; 60°C) to obtain a raw dried extract. Total phenolic was tested with Follin-Ciocalteu method at a wavelength of 765 nm while the total flavonoids was tested using AlCl3 method at a wavelength of 510 nm. The antioxidant activity was determined by diphenylpicrylhydrazyl method (DPPH) at a wavelength of 517 nm.  The results showed that total phenolics, total flavonoids, and IC50 at an altitude of 690 m asl  is higher compared to those at  1.280, and 1.890 m above sea level , respectively by 19%; 290.62 GAE mg/g extract, 125  CE mg/g extract,  and 5.48 ppm. The total phenolic and flavonoid content significantly correlated with the antioxidant activity (IC50).
Problematizando la psicología del desarrollo desde el enfoque de las capacidades de Martha Nussbaum
Authors: Durán Palacio Nicolasa
Published: February 2017

El propósito central de este escrito es mostrar cómo desde el enfoque de las capacidades de la filósofa Martha Nussbaum, se problematiza la tradicional concepción del desarrollo humano en la psicología científica.
¿Machos, varones o caballeros? Un acercamiento al concepto de masculinidad
Authors: Amariles Andrés
Published: February 2017

En el año 2012 el político y profesional en filosofía y letras, Edilberto Barreto Vargas, pasó de ser un representante político local, conocido solamente en algunos sectores del Casanare, a convertirse en una figura pública nacional, blanco de diferentes críticas y acusaciones por la creación de una colectividad política llamada Movimiento Machista Colombiano. El movimiento, que fue fundado en el año 2002, fue usado en el 2010 como vehículo político para postularse al Concejo de Yopal y fue conocido recientemente en la nación gracias al cubrimiento que diferentes medios de comunicación hicieron al respecto. La colectividad fue creada, según Barreto, con los objetivos de reivindicar el papel central de lo masculino en la sociedad, respetar el “ordenamiento natural” de los géneros y hacer un llamado al Estado para que proteja y no persiga a los hombres.
Desarrollo infantil y educación en contextos de pobreza: ¿qué sucede en Colombia?
Authors: Guzmán Jiménez Carolina
Published: February 2017

De manera general, la pobreza tiende a concebirse como un fenómeno unidimensional relacionado básicamente a la falta de recursos. Frente a esta realidad, es importante considerar que para abarcar este fenómeno como parte de una problemática en particular, es necesaria una postura más amplia y compleja. Desde esta perspectiva, Lipina (2006) afirma que la pobreza es un fenómeno “multidimensional y heterogéneo” que no puede ser generalizable a nivel conceptual, además su concepción desde las diferentes disciplinas está estrechamente relacionada al tipo de intervención que se desee proponer.
Y del sexo, ¿qué?
Authors: Arias Juan Camilo
Published: February 2017

Ahora las preguntas difíciles ¿usted sabe diferenciar entre gusto, deseo y amor? ¿Usted sabe si la persona con la que comparte su intimidad es la adecuada para usted? ¿Usted sabe cómo decirle a su pareja que no quiere tener una relación sexual? Esperemos que sí, pero es un acto de fe. Pongámosle más complejidad, diferenciemos el deseo sexual masculino al deseo sexual femenino. Diferenciemos además los factores etiológicos del deseo entre factores orgánicos, cognitivos y emocionales. ¿Conoce esas diferencias y el papel que juegan en medio de una relación sexual?
La práctica profesional y sus preocupaciones
Authors: Echeverri Gallo Catalina
Published: February 2017

Este artículo presenta una sistematización a lo largo de cinco años (2010-2014) de las principales preocupaciones que tienen los estudiantes de psicología de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana antes de iniciar sus prácticas profesionales. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, se utilizó para la recolección de información, la técnica de lluvia de ideas y la visualización por tarjetas para identificar los aspectos que a los estudiantes más les inquietaban y temían de dar el paso de la vida universitaria a la vida laboral.
Representaciones sociales de los profesionales de las ciencias sociales y de la salud que atienden adicciones comportamentales en instituciones de la ciudad de Medellín
Authors: Llano Sierra Laura , Peláez Olarte Daniela , Ochoa Parra Jessica Magaly , Martínez Saldarriaga Mayra , Torres Benítez Mariana , Katherine Mejía López Katherine Mejía López
Published: February 2017

Esta investigación da cuenta de las representaciones sociales en los profesionales de las ciencias sociales y de la salud que atienden adicciones comportamentales en instituciones de la ciudad de Medellín, en el año 2014. Se observó que hay coincidencias en el tratamiento de adicciones químicas y no químicas, además se identificaron representaciones sociales para definir quién es un adicto y que es la adición comportamental que la hace entender como similar a la adicción tóxica.
El enfoque gestáltico en la intervención comunitaria: un caso clínico grupal
Authors: Olivares Gómez Stiven , De los Ríos Erika
Published: February 2017

Hablar sobre el enfoque gestáltico en la intervención comunitaria, se convierte para mí en un pretexto, para compartir con ustedes algo del trabajo realizado por el proyecto de intervención Cultura Amigó durante este semestre, más específicamente lo relacionado con la evolución en el acompañamiento al grupo juvenil líderes barriales, del barrio Nueva Villa de La Iguaná.
Una propuesta histórico-epistémica por un solo enfoque psicoanalítico en la psicología
Authors: Goenaga Peña Jesús
Published: February 2017

Actualmente existe la tendencia, acentuada en nuestro contexto, a denominar como psicoanálisis exclusivamente a los planteamientos teóricos que posteriores a Sigmund Freud, fueron desarrollados por Jacques Lacan, y aquellos que continúan esta línea, considerándose a los otros abordajes teóricos nacidos en la misma cuna, como psicología, cuidadosamente nombrada como psicología con enfoque psicoanalítico, mas no psicoanálisis. Sin embargo, en otros contextos esta línea divisoria no parece ser tan drástica, al punto que lo que en Colombia se denomina psicología dinámica o de enfoque psicodinámico, en otros países se nombra como psicoanálisis relacional. Esta evolución del pensamiento Freudiano marca una división tan radical, que podría también entenderse como psicología=ciencia, y psicoanálisis=antítesis de la ciencia, y es resultado de un proceso histórico que ajusta epistemológicamente los discursos. Sin embargo el radicalismo de lo teórico, cuando sobrepasa lo epistémico, alcanza un nivel sectario, que no permite el dialogo entre saberes, convirtiéndose en algo equiparable a un rechazo entre hermanos gemelos.
El esquema P y los abusos del poder
Authors: Uribe Nicolás Ignacio
Published: February 2017

A continuación presentaremos un esquema explicativo sobre el abuso del poder en los vínculos humanos, en el cual se evidencia la notable influencia de las relaciones paterno filiales de la infancia sobre las formas del vínculo que establecen los humanos a lo largo de su existencia, punto de vista ampliamente conocido en la teoría psicoanalítica, según el cual la repetición es la transferencia del pasado olvidado.
El papel de la praxeología en la formación del profesional de las ciencias humanas y sociales: algunos apuntes para la reflexión
Authors: Madrid Hincapié Joan Manuel
Published: February 2017

Las Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, como campo disciplinar que propende por la transformación social, al parecer viene olvidando que la formación de sus profesionales, no sólo requiere de fundamentarlos teóricamente, sino que dicho proceso debe abordar igualmente su condición humana; es allí donde la praxeología busca efectivamente formar inicialmente a la persona para luego fortalecer al profesional.
Adsorption kinetics and isotherm of vanadium with melamine
Authors: Peng Hao , Liu Zuohua , Tao Changyuan
Published: February 2017

Melamine, possessing three free amino groups and three aromatic nitrogen atoms in its molecule, has great potential as an adsorbent for metal ions. We investigated three impact factors of the adsorption process: the initial pH of the vanadium solution, contact time and reaction temperature. The adsorption kinetics could be accurately described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Langmuir and Freundlich models fitted well with the experimental equilibrium data, and the maximal adsorption capacity was found to be 1,428.57 mg vanadium/g melamine, and the Freundlich model showed the adsorption is privilege type.
ROLE OF MULTIPHASE STUDY OF LIVER LESIONS ON 128 SLICE DUAL SOURCE
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY WITH CYTOLOGY OR
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION
Authors: Waheed Nisma , Madhok Rajneesh , Gupta Ashish Kumar , Agarwal Tanu
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Dual source Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) provides
multiphase study of various liver lesions for better detection and characterization. This study
aims to detect and characterize the liver lesions in multiphase Computed Tomography (CT)
with cytological and histopathological correlation to confirm the diagnosis.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 65 patients who were referred to
the Radiology Department of Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly,
Uttar Pradesh, India with clinical features jaundice, pain in abdomen, nausea and vomiting. All
patients were evaluated by five phase CT (unenhanced, early and late arterial, portal venous and
delayed scan)of liver with Siemens128 slice dual source spiral CT. Protocols with a scan delay
of 06 seconds, 09 seconds, 45 seconds and 180-300 secondsfrom contrast bolus was preselected
for early and late arterial, portovenous and delayed scans.
Results: Sixty five (age 10yrs- 90yrs) patients were included in the study. Most common
neoplasm was metastases 33(51%).Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were 18(28%),
hemangioma 10(15%), peripheral intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma 1and 3 were nonneoplastic
which included hepatic abscesses and hydatid cyst.Most common pattern of
enhancement of metastasis in arterial phase was hypodense with peripheral enhancement and
most were hypodense in portal venous phase. Portal venous phase had highest grade for
hypovascular metastases and arterial phase had high grade to detect hypervascular metastasis.
Delayed scan was better for smaller lesions less than 1cm.The sensitivity to detect metastases
was 94%. Most common pattern of enhancement in HCC (variegated or heterogeneous
enhancementin arterial phase with rapid washout in the portal venous phase. Total sensitivity
to detect HCC was 83.3%. Hemangioma showed peripheral globular enhancement in arterial
phase. In portal venous and delayed phase showed progressive enhancement with more
centripetal filling. Sensitivity was 90% in case of hemangiomas.
Conclusion: Multiphasic CT scan is a good non-invasive tool and can be used as first line
imaging modality for differentiating benign and malignant liver lesions.
Antioxidant Activity of Moringa oleifera Extracts
Authors: Fitriana Wiwit Denny , Ersam Taslim , Shimizu Kuniyoshi , Fatmawati Sri
Published: February 2017

Moringa oleifera have been evaluated for its antioxidant activity. M. oleifera leaves were extracted with methanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and n-hexane. The antioxidant activity of extracts were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay and an improved 2,2’-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline sulphonate] (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay in vitro. Trolox was used as standard with IC50 5.89 μg/mL in DPPH assay and 3.06 μg/mL in ABTS assay. The methanol extract showed the highest free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 49.30 μg/mL in DPPH assay and 11.73 μg/mL in ABTS assay. This study provided that M. oleifera leaves possess antioxidant.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Empirical Observations on Soy Lecithin Liposome Preparation
Authors: Dwiastuti Rini , Radifar Muhammad , Marchaban Marchaban , Noegrohati Sri , Istyastono Enade Perdana
Published: February 2017

Soy lecithin is a phospholipid often used in liposome formulations. Determination of water and phospholipid composition is one of the problems in the liposome formulation. This study is using molecular dynamics simulation and empirical observation in producing liposome preparations. Phospholipids 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DLPE) were objected in molecular dynamics simulations using Coarse Grained Molecular Dynamics (CGMD) approaches. The result showed that the molecular dynamic simulations could be employed to predict the liposome size. The molecular dynamic simulations resulted in liposome size of 71.22 ± 2.54 nm, which was located within the range of the liposome size resulted from the empirical observations (95.99 ± 43.02 nm). Moreover, similar liposome forms were observed on both results of molecular dynamics simulations and empirical approaches.
Chalcone Based Colorimetric Sensor for Anions: Experimental and TD-DFT Study
Authors: Fitriana Adita Silvia , Pranowo Harno Dwi , Purwono Bambang
Published: February 2017

The interactions between sensor chalcone of 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-2-propen-1-one (1) and anions (F–, Cl–, Br–, CN–, CO32–, and SO42–) have been experimentally and TD-DFT theoretically investigated. Sensor (1) showed a naked-eye detectable color change from yellow to red upon addition of F–, CO32–, CN–, and SO42– anions in DMSO, whereas no significant color change was observed upon addition of Cl– and Br– anions. The interaction models were predicted by optimizing (1)-anion complex using DFT/B3LYP method. Optimized (1)-anion complexes showed that sensor (1) was deprotonated by CO32–, CN–, F–, and SO42–. The formation of deprotonated sensor (1)– was responsible for the colorimetric signaling. Absorption spectra of neutral and deprotonated sensor were calculated using TD-DFT method. The calculated spectra were in good agreement with experimental results.