Transforming Primary Healthcare in Nigeria: Enhancing Universal Health Coverage through Strong and Sustainable Primary Healthcare Laboratories
Authors: Elemuwa Christopher Ononiwu , Ainu Muyi , Adias Teddy Charles , Ufuoma Rotifa Stella , Sunday Oyeyemi Abisoye , Elemuwa Uchenna Geraldine , Henshaw Ansa , Adebisi Oyindiepreye Lydia , Oyetunde Akinloye Bankole , Raimi Morufu Olalekan 
Published: May 2024

RATIONALE: Universal health coverage hinges on the strength and resilience of primary healthcare systems, acting as the foundational access point for healthcare seekers at the grassroots level. Central to this infrastructure are medical laboratory services, pivotal in accurate diagnosis, timely treatment, and patient health monitoring. However, in the context of Nigeria's primary healthcare transformation agenda, there exist critical gaps in optimizing primary healthcare (PHC) laboratories. This paper delves into the role of PHC laboratories within the health services continuum, identifies key shortcomings, and proposes solutions to bridge these gaps.

OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to elucidate the indispensable role of medical laboratory services within primary care settings, particularly in Nigeria's healthcare landscape. It seeks to analyze the current status of PHC laboratories, pinpoint areas for improvement, and offer actionable recommendations for enhancing their efficacy.

METHOD: The study employs a comprehensive literature review coupled with qualitative analysis to examine the significance of PHC laboratories in primary healthcare delivery. It scrutinizes existing literature, policy documents, and empirical studies to identify challenges and potential solutions in optimizing PHC laboratory services.

RESULTS: The analysis underscores the vital contribution of PHC laboratories in facilitating early diagnosis, effective disease management, and preventive healthcare measures. It highlights systemic deficiencies in Nigeria's primary healthcare system, particularly the neglect and underutilization of PHC laboratories, hindering the realization of universal health coverage.

CONCLUSIONS: PHC laboratories are integral to the provision of quality primary healthcare services, yet they are often overlooked in policy frameworks and resource allocation. Addressing this oversight is paramount to enhancing the effectiveness and accessibility of healthcare services, thereby advancing the goal of universal health coverage.

RECOMMENDATIONS: To address the shortcomings identified, it is imperative to prioritize PHC laboratories within the Nigeria Primary Healthcare transformation agenda. This entails the recruitment of skilled laboratorians, strategic mapping, and equipping of PHC facilities, in alignment with the Basic Healthcare Provision Fund (BHCPF). Moreover, there is a need for sustained financial provisions and policy support to ensure the inclusion and functionality of PHC laboratories nationwide.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study underscores the critical role of PHC laboratories in primary healthcare delivery, particularly in the context of Nigeria. By highlighting key challenges and proposing actionable recommendations, it aims to inform policymakers, healthcare practitioners, and stakeholders about the imperative of optimizing PHC laboratory services for the realization of universal health coverage.