bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling approach to determine priority sub-catchment for volcanic lake restoration
Authors: Rustini H A , Harsono E , Ridwansyah I
Published: June 2021

Catchment restoration is one of important aspects taken into account when planning lake restoration. The initial step to this is identifying the location and characteristics of the problem areas for further analysis in deciding suitable restoration measures. The objective of this study is to identify and characterize priority sub-catchment to be managed in order to promote Lake Maninjau restoration by using calibrated and validated 2-dimensional multilayers hydrodynamics and water quality model. Results showed that small sub-catchments which are significantly occupied by settlements in the verge of the lake should be prioritized since they provide higher immediate nutrient which lead to eutrophication near the lakeshore area. While large sub-catchments may not cause immediate eutrophication in the lakeshore area, they must also be managed wisely to increase water quality in the much wider part of the lake.
Water balance model aided in estimating net groundwater inflow at Lake Maninjau, West Sumatra - Indonesia
Authors: Apip  , Handoko U , Ridwansyah I , Santoso AB , Subehi L
Published: June 2021

Sustained lake functioning requires proper catchment land and water management. To address this, quantitative information and comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics and hydrological budget of the lake ecosystem are required. However, measuring hydrologic components such as groundwater discharge into a freshwater body is difficult, since its direct measurements are costly, time-consuming, and hardly implemented. Therefore, this study was intended to quantify groundwater inflow to the lake through an effective approach using the water balance modeling technique. Herein, groundwater discharge and contribution were calculated as the water balance residual in terms of net groundwater inflow. It can be considered a minimum estimate of groundwater inflow, as there the groundwater outflow maybe exists but not quantifiable. The approach has been applied for Lake Maninjau which is categorized as a deep, regulated, and tecto-volcanic lake located in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The result indicates that the groundwater inflow slightly moderately influences the fluxes of new water volume (the region between observed lowest and highest lake water level) at the upper layer of Lake Maninjau. Its contribution was equivalent to at least 20-28% according to the assessment for the years of 2013 and 2014. Annually, the new water volume recharged from the groundwater inflow corresponded to at least 182-281 million m3. Moreover, these findings enhance a previous study stated that the terrain system of Lake Maninjau is dominated by a rare groundwater aquifer.
Long-term change of water clarity in Lake Limboto derived from Landsat data
Authors: Setiawan F , Subehi L , Matsushita B
Published: June 2021

Long-term water quality data is important for supporting lake management. Performing routine in situ water quality measurement remains a challenge; thus, the available data are minimal. Long-term data archived of satellite data potentially address this data scarcity. We used Landsat TM/ETM+ images to generate a long-term water clarity or Secchi Disk Depth (SD) for Lake Limboto during 1991–2019. Pre-processing Landsat image was done before calculated SD using a selected model (i.e., removing contaminated water pixels, filtering images, and mitigating atmospheric effect). We then analyzed the long-term, temporal and spatial pattern change of SD in Lake Limboto. During the study period, linear regression showed a significant decrease in SD in Lake Limboto (R2= 0.21, p<0.001). The result showed Lake Limboto has seasonal change (peak= May, troughs= August - September). SD would positively and significantly correlate with monthly rainfall data if it shifted one-month later the rainfall period (R2= 0.46, p<0.05). Increasing population resulted in a decrease of SD during 2000-2019 (R2 = 0.81, p<0.001). The declining trend in the SD in Lake Limboto has the potential to continue under a higher future population, land cover change, and climate change. Remote sensing can be used to capture the change tendency of water clarity in Lake Limboto. Thus, useful for evaluating the implementation of a lake management plan.
National action plan for the reduction and abolishment of mercury use: regulation implementation in 2019-2020
Authors: Sari A A , Afriana F M , Ariyani M , Putera P B
Published: June 2021

As a continuation of the enactment of Law No 11 of 2017 concerning Ratification of the Minamata Convention on Mercury, the Government of Indonesia issued Presidential Regulation No. 21 of 2019 concerning the National Action Plan (NAP) for the Reduction and Abolishment of Mercury (RAM). This regulation contains strategies, activities, and targets for mercury reduction and elimination in the period 2018 to 2030, with priorities in manufacturing, energy, small-scale gold mining, and health. This study aims to analyze the success indicators of the NAP-RAM in 4 priority areas based on the regulations implemented in 2019-2020. The analysis results show that not all regulations that are targeted in 2019 and 2020 have been formed. On the other hand, some existing regulations still require adjustments and improvements. Mercury was found in surface water in several provinces in Indonesia due to artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) existence. The maximum value of mercury in surface waters was still below the quality threshold standard proposed by Government Act No. 82/2001 but exceeded the WHO’s quality threshold standard. The mercury waste threshold in the Indonesian regulation is higher than those in international regulation such as USEPA (the United States Environmental Protection Agency) or WHO (World Health Organization). Therefore, the government should issue a stricter regulation closer to international regulation regarding the mercury waste threshold in water.
Analysis of Total Suspended Solid (TSS), nitrite, nitrate and runoff changes during rainfall events at River Kurambik, Lake Maninjau
Authors: Subehi L , Ridwansyah I , Apip  , Yulianti M , Dianto A , Wisesa E T
Published: June 2021

Lake Maninjau is a caldera lake with a volcano-tectonic type. The existing land management of Lake Maninjau catchment area influenced water quality, included River Kurambik as one of the rivers that flow into Lake Maninjau. It influenced degradation of water quality, nutrient enrichment and exceeded the carrying capacity. The source of pollutants, especially non-point sources pollution can be a point source in large numbers. For example, runoff from agricultural areas containing pesticides and fertilizers, runoff from residential areas (domestic). In order to gain insight into the effect of watershed conditions on water quality in Lake Maninjau, we statistically analyzed Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Nitrite, Nitrate, discharge, water temperature (Tw) and, air temperature (Ta) at River Kurambik, Lake Maninjau. Besides water level and water temperature (HOBO sensor), also Teledyne ISCO sampler equipment was used to take sample water for analysis. Some results showed the relation among parameters such as TSS, Nitrite, Nitrate, discharge, and water temperature as long as our observation in periods September – November 2018. Based on data, it could be explained that the seasonal variability of atmospheric conditions influenced fluctuations in air and water temperature nearly proportionally (R2 = 0,883). The change of discharge influenced Total Suspended Solid (TSS) significantly (R2 = 0,917). It indicated the land use change contributed to the water quality during rainfall events through runoff sediment and materials into the lake. On the other hand, Nitrite, Nitrate parameters seemed to have various changes during rainfall events. The land use management and economic values of these lakes and ecosystem should be elucidated. In order to maintain the sustainability of the lake, land cover management at the catchment area is also necessary for the next study.
Transport Modelling In Jakarta Groundwater Basin using QSWATMOD
Authors: Nugraha G U , Ridwansyah I , Marganingrum D , Hartanto P , Lubis R F , Bakti H
Published: June 2021

The Jakarta groundwater basin is constructed by tertiary, Pleistocene and resent rock consisting of sedimentary rocks, volcanic activities and alluvial. There are three very potential aquifer layers found in this basin i.e. shallow aquifers, upper confined aquifers, and lower confined aquifers bounded by several aquitard. High economic and development activities cause high vulnerability to polluted aquifers such as nutrients. Previous research mentioned the presence of nutrients in groundwater in urban areas can be caused by high anthropogenic activity. Nutrient contamination in groundwater can be a threat to ecosystems in coastal areas. The purpose of this paper is to understand nutrient transport patterns through groundwater hydrogeology systems in the Jakarta groundwater basin, so that the amount of groundwater contribution to the nutrient flux in the Jakarta bay can be estimated. To get the transport nutrient model, QSWATMOD tools in QGIS Software were used. The parameters used in transport nutrient modeling are the definition of subbasins in the SWAT hydrology model, Hydrological Response Unit (HRU), rivers, aquifer thickness, hydraulic conductivity, specific storage, specific yield, hydraulic head, porosity, longitudinal dispersivity, and denitrification rate constant. The sub-basins and river constraints used are the Ciliwung Watersheds fill the Jakarta groundwater basin. The result show Leached Nitrate at the study area was 42 kg/ha and total P loss were 5 kg/ha. However the higher groundwater recharge in the study area increased the risk of groundwater contaminant by nitrate.
Unravelling the pathway of macro and micro debris in the beach of uninhabited Semak Daun reef platform, Kepulauan Seribu
Authors: Utami D A , Sujatmiko K A
Published: June 2021

Marine debris is ubiquitous and possess threats to marine organism and ecosystem. Due to its small size, micro debris can be consumed by marine organism. Ingestion of micro debris including microplastic can be detrimental. We investigate the pathway of macro and micro debris in the beach of Semak Daun, an uninhabited island in the Kepulauan Seribu which is famous for tourism. Macro debris sampling was done in the intertidal and subtidal beach, covering both northern and southern part. Micro debris sampling was conducted in the northern part of intertidal beach, three replicate samples were gathered within a radius of 5 m. The most abundance macro debris in the study area were plastic cup and plastic wrap, most of them were found sinking in the seawater. Foam, potentially originated from camping mattress or footwear, composed as the most abundance micro debris. Beach sediment were seen filling the void on the foam surface, a feature that can facilitate density modification which generates foam to sink on the seafloor. Our finding implies that uninhabited island can be polluted by marine debris due to mismanaged waste from tourism. The fact that a large number of marine litters were found in subtidal beach should raise our concern, as hydrodynamic process potentially transported and accumulated them in lagoon or reef front. Further research is crucial to investigate the pathways of marine debris in the reef environment, the result is expected to provide knowledge on better waste management.
Comparative study of geohydraulic estimation: a case study of Kertajati, Majalengka, Indonesia
Authors: Nugraha G U , Nur A A , Alam B Y C S S S , Lubis R F , Bakti H
Published: June 2021

The declining quality of surface water resources leads to groundwater exploitation as a source of fresh water. The developing urban environment also increases the need for groundwater resources as freshwater. Each rock in a geology formation has a different ability to transmit groundwater. There are various ways to obtain parameters of hydraulic conductivity and groundwater transmissivity. The commod method were time and cost consuming. The new method for estimation of geohydraulic parameter were needed. This paper aims to estimate geohydraulic parameters using different techniques and approaches and compares them. Geohydraulic parameter based on Heigold approach show the value of transmissivity at the study area in the range of 22.8 - 1307 m2/day. Geohydraulic parameter based on Niwas and Singhal approach indicate the value of transmissivity at the study area in the range of 32.55 - 30245 m2/day.. The highest hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity values were in the southern and northern parts of the study area. In general, the estimation approach was able to estimate the geohydraulic value at the study area.
Soil Erosion Prediction of Different Agroforestry Land System at the Upper Citarum Watershed using MUSLE Model
Authors: Mulyono A , Djuwansah MR , Suriadikusumah A , Harryanto R
Published: June 2021

Land conditions in the upper Citarum watershed have been increasingly critical in recent times, causing various problems, especially the high erosion that is considered one of the factors causing river sedimentation and triggering flood. Agroforestry has provided a positive impact on the soil conservation aspect. The dense and critical land in the Upper Citarum watershed has been converted to agroforestry in the last decades. This study aims to estimate the rate of soil erosion of different agroforestry land systems at the Upper Citarum watershed using the MUSLE model. The results show that the surface runoff and soil erosion in forest-based agroforestry systems with intercropping patterns is lower than in farm-based agroforestry.
Shallow subsurface velocity model at Simeulue Island, Indonesia inferred from ambient vibration records
Authors: Anggono T , Vitasariyani V , Syuhada S , Febriani F , Soedjatmiko B , Prasetio A D , Dewi C N
Published: June 2021

Simeulue Island is located in the forearc west of Sumatra Island. Due to the subduction process of the Indo-Australian plate beneath the Eurasian plate, high seismic activities occur around Simeulue Island. A temporary seismic network was installed on the island from December 2005 to March 2006 to study seismicity around this region. From previous studies, using ambient vibration records, it is possible to extract a site amplification of sediment on the top of a bedrock, which gives influence on the seismic signal. In addition to the site amplification, it is also possible to determine information of the velocity model on the shallow subsurface. In this preliminary study, we applied horizontal to vertical time frequency analysis (HVTFA) to obtain ellipticity from recorded vibration from three temporary seismometers. An inversion was applied to the computed Rayleigh ellipticity to obtain the best fit subsurface velocity model.
Tracing Baribis active fault continuity in the Subang region using gravity edge detection analysis
Authors: Hanif M , Handayani L , Gaol K L , Aulia A N , Arisbaya I , Wardhana D D
Published: June 2021

Elucidating the Baribis active fault in the central part of West Java is challenging due to the lack of physiography appearance. A gravity survey was conducted on 838 stations around the North of Bandung to Subang region to identify its buried spatial fault continuity. Regular processing routine reduced the observed gravity acceleration to generate the refined Bouguer anomaly map. Additionally, edge detection techniques (e.g., tilt derivative and analytic signal) were analyzed to delineate the proven fault emergence from the published active fault database and surface geological map. The results depict that the Baribis fault was continued to the Subang region and enhanced clearly by applying analytic signal attributes. Thereby, the Baribis fault continuity is better interpreted on the analytic signal anomaly map, whereas the tilt derivative technique explains the factor of unclear surficial discontinuity of Baribis fault on the zone.
An initial experiment with the continuous gravity monitoring using the gPhone 145 to support hydrology and earthquake studies
Authors: Handayani L. , Sudrajat Y.
Published: June 2021

Continuous gravity monitoring as geodetic instruments for tidal variation recording has been proving its availability for more applications. The original purpose was to monitor the changes in gravity at one local, which could be correlated to the hydrological variation and geothermal reservoir changes. Most recently explored was its relation to the events of earthquakes. We have been installing the gPhone 145 since 2016 at LIPI Campus in Bandung as a preliminary observation of the instrument. In four years of installation, the gPhone has recorded the relative gravity intermittently, interrupted only by technical problems. Temperature and pressure records indicate the instrument functions properly. However, uneven recording prevented hydrological study, in which we expected to see some changes of the gravity through the years. For earthquakes’ precursor studies, additional samples of events and time-associated gravity anomalies might give more assuring results.
A Complex Structure in the northwestern of Sumatra Fore-arc
Authors: Priyanto W S , Permana H , Arisa D , Aulia A , Mukti M M , Handayani L , Farisan A
Published: June 2021

The Sumatran offshore region is known as an active seismogenic zone. Consequently, there were many records of great events that caused a big catastrophe, such as the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. In order to investigate the geometry and nature of the earthquake ruptures and structures, we utilize the bathymetry and Multi-Channel Seismic (MCS) profiles from the SO-198 research project in 2008 (R/V Sonne) and KH-10-5 research project in 2010 (R/V Hakuho-Maru). We find that the area along the Sunda Trench to the fore-arc high in the northwestern Sumatra are characterized by parallel anticlinal ridges with distinctive vergence regimes. These vergence regimes classified as seaward, mix and landward vergence system. Our data interpretation recognized structures such as Main thrust, Lower thrust, Middle thrust, Upper thrust, piggy-back basin and West Andaman Fault within this region. Our conclusion suggest that the anticlinal seaward and landward vergence are considered as the product of recent deformation rupture. The co-seismic slip from the past earthquake ruptures tends that it was occurred from the deeper part in the entire northwestern of Sumatra fore-arc.
Pavement Design of Coal Mine Hauling Road in Indonesia using California Bearing Ratio (CBR) data
Authors: Sirait Bagaraja
Published: June 2021

Mine activities in the open-pit method are usually dominated by digging-loading-hauling. This hauling road is the infrastructures that is highly essential in mine area and serve as main linkage some locations. Design of the road requires careful attend in avoidance of failure in construction and disruption in production activities. Field investigations such as insitu CBR testing and laboratory testing (Proctor Modified and CBR laboratory) were chosen to determine the geotechnical parameters of soils that needed in the design of hauling road. The average value of the laboratory CBR testing at 0.1 inch penetration was 16%. The modified type of proctor test comprise some parameters such as the average value of the maximum dry density was 1.64 gr/cm3; the maximum wet density was 1.97 gr/cm3; the average value of dry unit weight was 16.07 kN/m3; saturated unit weight was 19.30 kN/m3; optimum moisture content was 20.2%. The average value of insitu CBR testing at 0.1 inch penetration was 19%. The average load of tire pressures on the front and rear wheels is 7000 lbs. The ability of road to carry the load should have the bearing capacity > 20800 psf = 144.44 psi = 20.95 kPa. The thickness of each pavement layer is as follows: 17 inches of sub grade layer; 2 inches of sub-base course layer; 15 inches of base course layer; 5 inches of surface course layer.
Coal and coal ash characteristics to understand mineral transformation : A case study from Senakin coal field Indonesia
Authors: Anggara F , Besari D A A , Mursalin A , Amijaya D H , Petrus H T B M.
Published: June 2021

Coal ash is a material from coal combustion and recently is an economical source for the extraction of valuable elements such as rare earth elements and Yttrium (REY) and base metals. Eight coal samples from Senakin coal field were collected to identify their mineralogy composition in raw coal and coal ash. The ashing was carried out on coal samples at temperature 1000°C for 1 hour. The coal and coal ash samples were made polish section to identify the organic and inorganic constituents. In addition, the minerals in coal sampel were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis. From this study, organic constituent consist of vitrinite (60 – 71%), liptinite (22 – 33%) and inertinite (5 – 9%). Minerals found in coal are kaolinite (25,78 – 46,90), pyrite (24,16 – 38,38%), quartz (6,07 – 12,80%), gypsum (4,81 – 10,34%), chlorite (2,56 – 8,40%), jarosite (0,72 – 4,63%), hematite (0,96 – 3,81%), calcite (0,37 – 5,07%), Mg-calcite (0,11 – 3,20%), dolomite (1,35 – 3,55%), and siderite (1,22%). Coal ash is composed of organic and inorganic components. Organic components found is unburned coal (3,09 – 8,55%) derived from maceral which does not burn out, mainly inertinite group. While inorganic components found are fe-oxide mineral (40,36 – 54,55%), quartz (24,55 – 33,64%), mullite (5,09 – 7,82%), cenosphere (7,45 – 10,91%), pleiosphere (1,64 – 2,36%), pyrite (0,18 – 1,27%), and spinel (0,18 – 1,09%). Fe-oxide minerals are interpreted derived from Fe-bearing minerals in coal samples such as pyrite, hematite, and siderite. Kaolinite which is the dominant mineral in coal is transformed to cenosphere, pleiosphere, and mullite. Quartz in coal ash derived from quartz in the coal sample because ashing temperature does not exceed the melting temperature of quartz. Characterization of the coal ash component can be used as a reference for the extraction method of valuable elements.
Women and Social Sustainability: A Critical Parametric Evaluation of Urban Settings in Developing Countries
Authors: Yadav Asmita , Kumari Rashmi
Published: June 2021

Attainment of social sustainability became a focused agenda ever since the United Nations general assembly (UNGA) adopted SDG goals in 2015. Sustainability is an umbrella concept cutting across public, commercial, and environmental domains. However, the idea is still perceived and seen as very narrow and synonymous with eco-friendly only. Gender issues still remain ignored in both academic and applied research as a contributing parameter towards sustainable development. Barely any field of knowledge is working on those concerns. Women empowerment and counterbalancing rigid patriarchy are still perceived as a research area for social sciences rather than holistic understanding and application by other academic disciplines. Urban planning needs a multidisciplinary approach that integrates with various other domains. It demands an amalgamation of analysis and application from multiple perspectives and considerations. The critical phase for urban planning, especially women’s sensitivity, is mostly missing in developing nations like India. Despite women having a more generous and vital contribution toward a city’s growth in cultural and economic terms, they have been under constant subjugation of brutality and suppression. Thus, the city planning process is perpetuating gender disparity, if not promoting explicitly. This study starts with a hypothesis, i.e., “ill-conceived urban planning has a huge stake in prevailing urban crime against women.” The research would later analyze and determine the flaws and loopholes in the planning process, which are in practice. Such lacks in the framework will create cities/urban areas that pose a severe safety and security threat. So, the gender layer during those planning processes may increase gender sensitivity toward women. The research will also explore essential concepts such as universal design and crime reduction through environmental design (CPTED) to assess women-friendly cities’ applicability. Thus, this approach can help deduce planning strategies to create inclusive cities, including urban social sustainability.
A Critical Study to Assess the Hurdles in Adoption of Sustainable Walling Materials in Construction Industry
Authors: Pawar A D
Published: June 2021

There is a considerable need for the alternative or eco-friendly walling materials. In the present study an attempt is made to explore the alternative to the conventional walling materials. New walling materials like Hollow concrete blocks, aerated autoclaved concrete (AAC) blocks, rapid wall panels etc. were studied. A structure questionaries’-based study was conducted to assess the hurdles for adoption of these materials. At present, CLC blocks, AAC blocks and Rapid wall Panels are generally preferred in the construction industry and the use of red clay brick is reduced. Around 60% of the respondents are willing to change their current walling material if got a chance. So, it can be concluded that these new walling materials can be explored as a sustainable walling material.
R&D Management as a Driver for Sustainable Agricultural Innovation and Adoption: Evidence from India
Authors: Singh K , Srivastava A
Published: June 2021

The present study aims to identify the drivers of innovation for sustainable farming among various models of farming and understand the influence of innovations in sustainable agriculture and their impact in enhancing the sustainable agricultural value chain. This research has been conducted in Uttar Pradesh (UP), which is the largest agricultural producing state of India. Data were collected using questionnaire from 600 farmers of thirty districts in UP and nonparametric test were used to analyse the data in the study. The results document that various R&D based modern and innovative technology/technical know-how has significant impact on agriculture produce of the farmers. It was also found that various organisations play an important role in know-how and knowledge creation among the farmers in India. The findings should be very useful for policymakers to implement R&D advancement in sustainable agriculture and systematic overhaul in agriculture sector. The findings of the study should be very useful for policymakers, practitioners and regulators to promote and implement sustainable agricultural innovation and adaptations in India.
Influence of Coco Peat Powder on The Solar Still Productivity: An Exergo-Economic Study
Authors: Sharma Saksham , Rathor Rishabh , Gautam Harshit , Katiyar Kirti , Gunawat Chinmay , Dumka Pankaj
Published: June 2021

Experimental and theoretical impact of the coco peat powder on the performance of conventional solar still (CSS) compared to MSS has been reported. Dunkle model was used in this experiment as the mathematical model. With the help of this model variation of partial pressure, internal heat transfer coefficients, yield, internal efficiency, and exergy efficiency has been evaluated. The average partial pressure for MSS is 94.19% higher than CSS in the experiment of 13 h. Use of coco peat powder the value of h?? and h?? were 9.63% and 2.53% respectively were recorded higher than the CSS. There was a rise of 30.89% of distillate output from the MSS when compared to CSS. It seems that the use of coco peat powder has enhanced the exergy efficiency by 28.14% of MSS when compared with CSS.
Impact of Cleaner Production and Environmental Management Systems on Sustainability: The Moderating Role of Industry 4.0
Authors: Jayashree S , Reza M N H , Mohiuddin M
Published: June 2021

The study aims to establish a framework by integrating the emerging topics and assisting the manufacturing companies, government, and policy-makers to encourage product innovation through cleaner production, environmental management techniques, and Industry 4.0 towards attaining sustainable development goals. The paper will conduct a survey using a structured questionnaire to collect data from the manufacturing companies in different states in Malaysia. Simple random sampling will be used to collect responses, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) will be used for data analysis. Cleaner production and environmental management systems enable organizations to create innovative products and contribute to developing environmental sustainability. Accordingly, the emerging and eco-friendly technologies of Industry 4.0 will support organizations in greener and innovative product creation through the minimum consumption of natural resources and reduce environmental pollution. This study intends to explore the developing topics essential for the current manufacturing atmosphere, as environmental sustainability is currently a significant concern for society. Furthermore, inspired by the recent research gap, this study will measure the moderating effect of Industry 4.0 on the relationship between product innovation and environmental sustainability.
A Portable Water Pollution Monitoring Device for Smart City based on Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Malche Timothy , Tharewal Sumegh , Pallavi Bhatt Devershi
Published: June 2021

It has been observed that by 2050 more than 5 billion people could be affected by water crises due to increases in demand and water pollution. Potentially unhealthy conditions will need monitoring. This arising problem can be controlled or overcome by sharing the awareness of water acidity, temperature, salinity/conductivity, turbidity, contaminants etc. of surrounding water sources and then taking appropriate action. The purpose of this study is to design a sensor node and a sensor network strategy to monitor water pollution of a water source. The system is intended to cover a larger water area by implementing multiple portable sensor nodes on same network.
Building and Performance Evaluation of Novel Solar Cooking System in Gujarat, India
Authors: Mistri Piyushkumar M , Pathak Kedar , Kumar Satankar Raj
Published: June 2021

Wood is generally used as a source of energy for cooking in rural and semi-urban areas of India. Approximately 216 million tons per year of wood is consumed in the cooking of which 9.731 million tons per year is used in Gujarat. The use of wood causes deforestation and increases indoor pollution. To reduce this, solar energy can be used as an alternate source of energy for cooking. The current research aims to present the findings of two weeks of experiments in the Indian (Gujarat) climate with the novel solar cooker. The cooker was build using a parabolic dish collector (85 % reflectivity) with a supporting structure and adjustable mechanism, a receiver (heat exchanger) and a cooking burner with a pot. The experimental result shows that the maximum temperature available at the receiver is 110°C with 560.7 W/m2 of average solar irradiation, justifying solar cooking as a viable alternative source of energy for cooking in Gujarat and India.
Assessment of Green Supply Chain Practices for Sustainable Organizational Performance for the Automotive Sector
Authors: Vijayvargy Lokesh , Sahoo Saumyaranjan
Published: June 2021

The supply chain is the most significant network linking the supplier and buyer to the first raw material state and final product distribution. Because of the rise in global warming and environmental degradation, green practices have become important in every organization. There is a wide scope for adopting green practices such as green supply chain management (GSCM) in the automotive sector, as it contributes a large amount of air pollution and hazardous waste to the environment, especially in developing countries such as India. The study aims to evaluate GSCM in the Indian automotive industry. The data of the 69 Automotive Manufacturers were collected through a structured questionnaire. The study uses five GSCM activities and three performance metrics to assess GSCM’s impact on business performance. The study concludes that GSCM practices have a positive impact on organizational performance which improves the environment and leads to profitability & productivity.
Developing and Implementing Environment Management Practices in Small and Medium Size Manufacturing Companies in India
Authors: Sharma H P , Kumar K
Published: June 2021

The adoption and implementation of environment management system (EMS) has garnered a lot of interest among organizations all around the world. Adoption and implementation of EMS entail number of benefits to the companies from energy efficiency, waste reduction, improved sustainability etc. However, adoption of environment management practices may not yield direct benefits in short run for Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, it is crucial to understand as to what influence the adoption and implementation of environment management practices. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that contribute to the adoption and implementation of environment management practices in small & medium manufacturing companies in India. 219 senior managers were surveyed from seventy-eight manufacturing companies from Noida Industrial area NCR, India. Application of factor analysis found four factors significantly contributing to the adoption and implementation of environment management practices in manufacturing companies in India.
Suitability Assessment of Groundwater for Irrigation in Some Villages of Sirsa District, Haryana (India)
Authors: Kumar P , Jain S
Published: June 2021

To determine the groundwater quality a total of twenty groundwater samples were collected from some villages of Sirsa district, Haryana, India, which is one of the most important agricultural areas of the state. The groundwater samples were collected in November 2016 from different villages of the city Sirsa. The suitability of groundwater for irrigation was assessed by determining the Sodium Absorption Ratio, % Na, Kelly’s Index, Permeability index, EC, Chloro-alkaline indices and Residual Sodium Carbonate. The CAI analysis shows the reverse cation exchange for most of the stations. The Gibbs diagrams show the precipitation dominance for most of the stations. The Piper diagram shows the alkali dominance for most of the samples. On the basis of the values of different parameters the quality of ground water at different stations was categorized into three different classes mainly excellent, good or unsuitable.
Process Optimization for Biodiesel Production from Highly Acidic Hibiscus Cannabinus (Deccan Hemp) Oil
Authors: Manjunatha Swamy K M , Manjunath H , Yatish K V
Published: June 2021

In this study, Hibiscus Cannabinus (deccan hemp) oil was used to convert its methyl ester. Methyl ester synthesis process involves of two-steps: esterification of sulfuric acid (Step-1) and alkaline transesterification (Step-2). Deccan hemp oil was found to have an initial acid value of 12.48 mg KOH/g. The acid value of deccan hemp oil was decreased to below 2 mg KOH/g in Step-1 taking consideration to get higher ester yield after alkaline transesterification process. The alkaline transesterification process parameters such as methyl alcohol to deccan hemp oil molar ratio, sulfuric acid catalyst amount, reaction temperature and reaction time were optimised and analysed in detail. This process gives ester yield of about 95.48%. The important properties of the synthesised methyl ester were determined and compared with IS 51607 and ASTM D6751 biodiesel standards.
Building Resilient Future: Information Technology and Disaster Management- A Malaysian Perspective
Authors: Kamran Abid Sheikh , Sulaiman Noralfishah , Shiau Wei Chan , Nazir Umber
Published: June 2021

The recent evets of flooding, earthquakes, uncontrolled wildfires, hurricanes, and deadly storms in world has considered a serious threat to mankind and preparing for devastating disasters has never been more critical and urgent. Emergency Events Database suggests that by year 2050 the damages to flood related incidents to coastal cities will cost near to US$1 trillion. Risk from acts of nature cannot be fully prevented but needs to minimize and safe the innocent lives and property by utilizing disaster management technique to mitigate the losses. This paper presents Information Technologies applications in disaster management phases such as Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Recovery. Geographic Information System, Remote Sensing, mobile technology, drone, and satellite imagery and MOBILISE analytic platform considered as effective and efficient ways of strengthening resilience when disaster strikes and tremendously helpful for coordinating responses and accelerating the recovery of individuals and communities in the aftermath of recent natural disasters.
Strategies for Reduction of Harmful Emissions from Diesel Engines
Authors: Sharma Vipin , Dewang Yogesh , Jain Supriya , Jat Sachin , Singh Baghel Mukesh
Published: June 2021

Reduction of harmful exhaust emissions from combustion of fossil fuels from automotive sectors is of prime importance and extensively researched by various strategies. Engine emissions control techniques can be bifurcated in categories of active control techniques and passive control techniques. In the active control techniques, the emissions are controlled in the combustion chamber itself while in the passive control techniques the emissions are controlled after completion of combustion. There are different strategies such as alternative fuels, fuel additives, nanofluids, water-in-diesel etc. commonly used to reduce harmful emissions and improve performance of fossil fuel-based energy systems. The alternative fuels such as alcohol and biodiesel are gaining importance. Biodiesel has certain limitations but blending with alcohol enables the maximum usage of biodiesel in the fuel blends. In this paper active control strategies are highlighted and discussed.
Life Cycle Based Greenhouse Gas Footprint Assessment of a Smartphone
Authors: Joshi Aditya , Gupta Abhishek , Verma Shalini , Ranjan Paul Akshoy , Jain Anuj , Haque Nawshad
Published: June 2021

A life cycle assessment (LCA) technique has been used to evaluate the greenhouse gas impact of a smartphone. Smartphones are becoming popular due to the advancement in technology, improved connectivity, and cheaper prices. The production of smartphones on a mass scale has an impact on the environment. A Fairphone 1 from Fairphone enterprise has been chosen for this study as the company is trying to promote sustainability and phones with lower environmental impact. Different life cycle stages are chosen for the study, such as production, assembly, transportation, and end-of-life waste treatment. The use phase was excluded from this study for the sake of simplicity. The goal and scope are defined for the study, and the environmental effect is assessed using the Recipe 2016 method. The climate change impact category has been chosen for the study since it is a relatively well-known impact. The impact assessment results show that most of the contribution to the overall impact is due to the production phase (62%) followed by transportation (27%). The relative contribution of the production of the components is also represented, and it shows that the most likely impact is from the production of Printed Circuit boards (PCBs).
Environmental Impact Assessment of Coal Gasification in Hydrogen Production
Authors: Kumar Rajput Sandeep , Verma Shalini , Gupta Abhishek , Ranjan Paul Akshoy , Jain Anuj , Haque Nawshad
Published: June 2021

Increasing industrialization and population demands for higher energy use as electricity. Coal has a broader share in electricity generation but there is problem of GHG emission due to direct coal combustion. Coal gasification is adopted as a cleaner technology in place of traditional method of generating electricity and hydrogen production. This study develops an assessment method to evaluate the pollutant emissions generated from coal gasification process. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method used for evaluation of greenhouse gas emission quantity and fossil energy consumption. A system boundary of cradle to production stage is chosen for the study. The result shows that during coal mining and cleaning process CO2 emission has higher contribution compared to CH4and N2O. In this stage, total CO2 emission is 19.976 kg in which diesel alone emits 72.46 % of CO2. During transportation of coal, train transport medium has lower CO2 emission as 5.413 kg while road transportation emits 8.144 kgCO2. Production phase suggests that carbon capture and storage condition is suitable for environmental protection as it reduces CO2, CH4 and N2O emission.
Experimental Investigation of Light Weight Concrete Using Sintered Fly Ash Aggregates
Authors: Dhemla Pankaj , Swami B L , Somani Prakash
Published: June 2021

Light Weight Concrete (LWC) is popularly used in multi-story building frames, curtain walls, shell roofs, folded plates, prestressed or precast elements due to its lower dead load as compared to conventional concrete. Although it is less popular in practice because of its high-water absorption capacity, high cost, lack of standard specifications, and difficulty in consistent batches. This paper presents experimental study of right proportion of different size of Sintered Light Weight Aggregate (SLWA) and its influence on fresh and mechanical properties. LWC mixes were prepared with pre-soaked aggregates of different sizes 8-12mm and 4-8 mm. Their proportioning plays an important role in the density and strength of concrete. The aggregates were mixed in various proportions of 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, and 20:80, to study the fresh and harden properties of LWC. Results showed that LWC prepared with finer aggregate (4-8mm) reduces the bulk density and enhances the mechanical properties.
Composting: A Better Alternative of Chemical Fertilizer
Authors: Parihar Parveen , Sharma Susheela
Published: June 2021

Increases in the different types of pollution and their harmful impacts divert the concern of humans toward the environment and also the measures to control these pollutions. Research proved that there is a strong connection between human activities and pollution. Steps should be taken to minimize these pollutions. Already lots of study is done in this area but much more is needed to be done. As chemical fertilizers can increase the plant growth rapidly but this growth does not develop good characters in plants. The chemicals of these plants assemble in human body when used. One of the ways of improvement is to use the natural material in agriculture instead of synthesized chemicals because these chemicals show long term negative impact on the environment as well as on human health. By doing the traditional composting practice we can minimize pollution and provide the natural bio-fertilizers to the plants which are safer for the environment and the human. This paper is the overview of composting discussing its process, different types and the physical and chemical properties of product “compost”. It also focused on the types of organic wastes that can be used for composting. The process of composting depends on different parameters for its maturity and stability.
Magnetization performance of hard/soft Nd9.6Fe80.3Zr3.7B6.4/α-Fe magnetic nanocomposites produced by surfactant-assisted high-energy ball milling
Authors: Semaida A M , Bordyuzhin I G , El-Dek S I , Kutzhanov M K , Menushenkov V P , Savchenko A G
Published: June 2021

Neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) magnets are sintered anisotropic materials. They were commercially introduced in the early 1980s, and since have been used in different applications owing to their superior properties. Herein, we investigated the influence of 0.5 to 8 h of milling time on the morphological, structural, and magnetic performance of Nd9.6Fe80.3Zr3.7B6.4 powders produced using surfactant-assisted high-energy ball milling (SA-HEBM). The results revealed that the relationship between coercivity (H

ci
) and milling time had a non-monotonous character reaching a maximum value of H

ci
= 8.92 kOe after 1 h of milling. The effect of the volume ratio of various magnetic phases (Nd2Fe14B and α-Fe) on microstructure and magnetic properties was also reported. The highest specific saturation magnetization (σ

s
= 120 emu g−1) was attained after 8 h of milling for powders with volume fraction: Nd2Fe14B–81 ± 2% and α-Fe–12 ± 2%. The expected value of Nd2Fe14B specific saturation magnetization was estimated (σ

N
= 108 ± 2.5 emu g−1) using the experimental value of σ

s
and magnetic phase volume fractions. The ratio of remanence to saturation magnetization of the Nd2Fe14B with milling time was also determined and analyzed.
How I Diagnose Primary Mediastinal (Thymic) Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Ondrejka Sarah L , Ott German
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) is an uncommon large B-cell neoplasm recognized by the World Health Organization as a distinct entity on the basis of its unique clinical features, histogenesis, phenotype, and pathogenetic mechanisms. The diagnosis of PMBL can be challenging because of features that may overlap with other (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin) lymphoma types. This review describes our approach to the diagnosis of PMBL.

Methods

Two cases are presented to illustrate how we diagnose PMBL and separate PMBL from related histologic and biological mimickers, such as Hodgkin lymphoma and gray zone lymphoma.

Results

A diagnosis of PMBL requires correlation of morphology and immunophenotype with clinical and staging data. Gene expression analysis is not typically performed in clinical labs but has expanded our understanding of the functional pathways underlying this disease and helped identify biomarkers that can be translated to diagnostic practice and possibly to future therapeutic options.

Conclusions

PMBL and closely related entities can pose diagnostic challenges. It is important to understand the borders between PMBL and other closely related lymphoma types so that patients receive successful primary treatment with curative intent.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Association Between Pain Management Clinic Laws and Opioid Prescribing and Overdose Deaths
Authors: Cerdá Magdalena , Wheeler-Martin Katherine , Bruzelius Emilie , Ponicki William , Gruenewald Paul , Mauro Christine , Crystal Stephen , Davis Corey S , Keyes Katherine , Hasin Deborah , Rudolph Kara E , Martins Silvia S
Published: June 2021

Pain management clinic (PMC) laws were enacted by 12 states to promote appropriate opioid prescribing, but their impact is inadequately understood. We analyzed county-level opioid overdose deaths (National Vital Statistics System) and patients filling long-duration (≥30 day) or high-dose (≥90 morphine milligram equivalents per day) opioid prescriptions (IQVIA, Inc.) in the United States in 2010–2018. We fitted Besag-York-Mollié spatiotemporal models to estimate annual relative rates (RRs) of overdose and prevalence ratios (PRs) of high-risk prescribing associated with any PMC law and 3 provisions: payment restrictions, site inspections, and criminal penalties. Laws with criminal penalties were significantly associated with reduced PRs of long-duration and high-dose opioid prescriptions (adjusted PR = 0.82, 95% credible interval (CrI): 0.82, 0.82, and adjusted PR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.74 respectively) and reduced RRs of total and natural/semisynthetic opioid overdoses (adjusted RR = 0.86, 95% CrI: 0.80, 0.92, and adjusted RR = 0.84, and 95% CrI: 0.77, 0.92, respectively). Conversely, PMC laws were associated with increased relative rates of synthetic opioid and heroin overdose deaths, especially criminal penalties (adjusted RR = 1.83, 95% CrI: 1.59, 2.11, and adjusted RR = 2.59, 95% CrI: 2.22, 3.02, respectively). Findings suggest that laws with criminal penalties were associated with intended reductions in high-risk opioid prescribing and some opioid overdoses but raise concerns regarding unintended consequences on heroin/synthetic overdoses.