bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Petroacoustics and composition of presalt rocks from Santos Basin
Authors: Vasquez Guilherme Fernandes , Morschbacher Marcio José , dos Anjos Camila Wense Dias , Silva Yaro Moisés Parisek , Madrucci Vanessa , Justen Julio Cesar Ramos
Published: May 2019

The deposition of the presalt section from Santos Basin began when Gondwana started to break up and South America and Africa were separating. Initial synrift carbonate deposits affected by relatively severe tectonic activity evolved to a lacustrine carbonate environment during the later stages of basin formation. Although the reservoirs are composed of carbonate rocks, the occurrence of faults and the intense colocation of igneous rocks served as a source of chemical elements uncommon in typical carbonate environments. Consequently, beyond the presence of different facies with complex textures and pore geometries, the presalt reservoir rocks present marked compositional and microstructural variability. Therefore, rock-physics modeling is used to understand and interpret the extensive laboratory measurements of P-wave velocities, S-wave velocities, and density that we have undertaken on the presalt carbonate cores from Santos Basin. We show that quartz and exotic clay minerals (such as stevensite and other magnesium-rich clay minerals), which have different values of elastic moduli and Poisson's ratio as compared to calcite and dolomite, may introduce noticeable “Poisson's reflectivity anomalies” on prestack seismic data. Moreover, although the authors concentrate their attention on composition, it will become clear that pore-space geometry also may influence seismic rock properties of presalt carbonate reservoirs.
Thermal effective stress in shales
Authors: Gallop Jeremy
Published: May 2019

Calculating velocities in shales in thermal production settings is important to refine time-lapse reservoir characterization from seismic. The effective stress concept is attractive to potentially reduce the amount of expensive core calibration data required. We propose a formulation for thermal effective stress in shales based on the idea of balancing undrained pore pressure increments from thermal expansion with an increase in the matrix stress to minimize pore deformation. This formulation is motivated by a desire to simplify forward modeling, reduce the number of dimensions that must be experimentally calibrated through core testing, and to leverage existing velocity-stress relations for thermal applications. The concept was tested on data from a well-known set of experiments consisting of two North Sea Kimmeridge shale core samples, which displayed a linear dependence of velocity on pressure and temperature. These data were found to be consistent with the proposed thermal effective stress model with a constant effective stress coefficient when considering elastic changes but do not prove that the concept is universally valid. Thermal effective stress coefficients were calculated for P- and S-wave velocities from the data and were found to lie from 0.66 to 1.22, demonstrating reasonable scaling for the proposed model.
Indirect costs of depression and other mental and behavioural disorders for Australia from 2015 to 2030
Authors: Schofield Deborah , Cunich Michelle , Shrestha Rupendra , Tanton Robert , Veerman Lennert , Kelly Simon , Passey Megan
Published: May 2019

Background

The impact of mental disorders has been assessed in relation to longevity and quality of life; however, mental disorders also have an impact on productive life-years (PLYs).

Aims

To quantify the long-term costs of Australians aged 45–64 having lost PLYs because of mental disorders.

Method

The Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers 2003, 2009 formed the base population of Health&WealthMOD2030 – a microsimulation model integrating output from the Static Incomes Model, the Australian Population and Policy Simulation Model, the Treasury and the Australian Burden of Disease Study.

Results

For depression, individuals incurred a loss of AU$1062 million in income in 2015, projected to increase to AU$1539 million in 2030 (45% increase). The government is projected to incur costs comprising a 22% increase in social security payments and a 45% increase in lost taxes as a result of depression through its impact on PLYs.

Conclusions

Effectiveness of mental health programmes should be judged not only in terms of healthcare use but also quality of life and economic well-being.

Declaration of interest

None.
Radiation Records in the National Cancer Database: Variations in Coding and/or Practice Can Significantly Alter Survival Results
Authors: Jacobs Corbin D. , Carpenter David J. , Hong Julian C. , Havrilesky Laura J. , Sosa Julie A. , Chino Junzo P.
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE

The aim of the current work was to quantify internally inconsistent and anomalous radiation therapy (RT) data in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) and determine their association with overall survival (OS) using node-positive uterine cancer as a test clinical scenario.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We identified all NCDB participants with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIIC1 to IIIC2 uterine cancer treated with hysterectomy and adjuvant RT between 1998 and 2012. Variables that were reviewed to identify anomalous data included RT site, modality, dose, fractions, timing, duration, and stage. We used χ2 testing to associate anomalous data with reporting facility and demographic variables. OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and comparison between cohorts was performed using the log-rank test. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed.

RESULTS

Of the 14,298 analyzed participants, 2,288 (16.0%) had one or more anomalous data entry, 538 (3.8%) likely because of an incomplete RT course. χ2 testing suggested differences in anomalous data prevalence by reporting facility type ( P = .0007), geographic region ( P < .001), distance from participants’ homes ( P < .001), diagnosis year ( P < .001), and location of RT relative to reporting facility ( P = .0038). Five-year OS in those with one or more anomalous data entry was 51.3% versus 58.0% for those without anomalous data ( P < .001), and anomalous data remained significantly associated with OS on multivariable analysis. After excluding insufficient, excessive, or unknown total RT dose, anomalous data were no longer significant on multivariable analysis.

CONCLUSION

The overwhelming majority of RT data within the NCDB seem to be appropriate for the clinical scenario. Nevertheless, approximately one eighth of participants in this test clinical scenario had adjuvant RT data that were internally inconsistent or outside generously defined norms. The presence of anomalous RT data was significantly associated with compromised OS, an effect not observed after correcting for total RT dose.
Screening for Human Papillomavirus in a Low- and Middle-Income Country
Authors: Atkinson Aaron E. , Mandujano Carlos Alberto Matute , Bejarano Suyapa , Kennedy Linda S. , Tsongalis Gregory J.
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE

Low- and middle-income countries have high incidences of cervical cancer linked to human papillomavirus (HPV), and without resources for cancer screenings these countries bear 85% of all cervical cancer cases. To address some of these needs, brigade-style screening combined with sensitive polymerase chain reaction–based HPV testing to detect common high-risk HPV genotypes may be necessary.

METHODS

We deployed an inexpensive DNA extraction technique and a real-time polymerase chain reaction–based HPV genotyping assay, as well as Papanicolaou testing, in a factory in San Pedro Sula, Honduras, where 1,732 women were screened for cervical cancer.

RESULTS

We found that 28% of participants were positive for high-risk HPV, with 26% of HPV-positive participants having more than one HPV infection. Moreover, the most common HPV genotypes detected were different than those routinely found in the United States.

CONCLUSION

This work demonstrates a deployable protocol for HPV screening in low- and middle-income countries with limited resources to perform cytopathology assessment of Pap smears.
Public Awareness and Barriers to Seeking Medical Advice for Colorectal Cancer in the Gaza Strip: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Elshami Mohamedraed , Alfaqawi Maha , Abdalghafoor Tamer , Nemer Ayoob A. , Ghuneim Mohammed , Lubbad Hussien , Almahallawi Batool , Samaan Mosab , Alwali Abdallah , Alborno Ahmad , Al-kafarna Deyaa , Salah Aseel , Shihada Karam , Amona Mohammed Abo , Al-Najjar Amira , Abu Subha Rana , Alhelu Basma , Abujayyab Israa , Albarqouni Loai , Bottcher Bettina
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE

Raising awareness of colorectal cancer (CRC) symptoms for early recognition, reduction of modifiable risk factors, and removing barriers to seeking medical help could lower its mortality. This study aimed to assess the level of public awareness of CRC in the Gaza Strip.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This was a cross-sectional study conducted at three hospitals and 10 high schools between September and October 2017. The Arabic version of the validated Bowel Cancer Awareness Measure (BoCAM) questionnaire was used to evaluate awareness of CRC symptoms and risk factors, and barriers to seeking medical help. Adults (age ≥ 18 years) in three major hospitals and adolescents (ages 15 to 17 years) in 10 schools were recruited for face-to-face interviews to complete the BoCAM.

RESULTS

Of 3,172 potential participants, 3,080 completed the BoCAM (response rate, 97.1%). Among these, 1,578 (51.2%) were adults and 1,614 (52.4%) were females. Persistent abdominal pain was the most commonly recognized CRC symptom (n = 1,899; 61.7%), whereas anorectal pain was the least common (n = 1,056; 34.3%). In total, 2,177 (70.7%) were not confident in recognizing CRC symptoms or signs. Having a bowel disease was the most frequently recognized CRC risk factor (n = 1,456; 47.3%) and diabetes the least recognized (n = 591; 19.2%). The overall mean scores ± standard deviations for recalling and recognizing CRC symptoms were 1.2 ± 1.3 and 4.3 ± 2.3, respectively (out of 9 points). The overall mean scores ± standard deviations for recalling and recognizing CRC risk factors were 0.7 ± 0.8 and 8.0 ± 3.1, respectively (out of 16 points). Emotional barriers were the most commonly reported barriers to seeking medical help, with feeling worried about what a doctor might find as the most common barrier (n = 1,522; 49.4%).

CONCLUSION

Public awareness of CRC is suboptimal in Gaza. Improving CRC awareness with educational interventions is needed, including in local schools.
The Tenuous Attachments of Working-Class Men
Authors: Edin Kathryn , Nelson Timothy , Cherlin Andrew , Francis Robert
Published: May 2019

In this essay, we explore how working-class men describe their attachments to work, family, and religion. We draw upon in-depth, life history interviews conducted in four metropolitan areas with racially and ethnically diverse groups of working-class men with a high school diploma but no four-year college degree. Between 2000 and 2013, we deployed heterogeneous sampling techniques in the black and white working-class neighborhoods of Boston, Massachusetts; Charleston, South Carolina; Chicago, Illinois; and the Philadelphia/Camden area of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. We screened to ensure that each respondent had at least one minor child, making sure to include a subset potentially subject to a child support order (because they were not married to, or living with, their child's mother). We interviewed roughly even numbers of black and white men in each site for a total of 107 respondents. Our approach allows us to explore complex questions in a rich and granular way that allows unanticipated results to emerge. These working-class men showed both a detachment from institutions and an engagement with more autonomous forms of work, childrearing, and spirituality, often with an emphasis on generativity, by which we mean a desire to guide and nurture the next generation. We also discuss the extent to which this autonomous and generative self is also a haphazard self, which may be aligned with counterproductive behaviors. And we look at racial and ethnic difference in perceptions of social standing.
“Automation” of Manufacturing in the Late Nineteenth Century: The Hand and Machine Labor Study
Authors: Atack Jeremy , Margo Robert A. , Rhode Paul W.
Published: May 2019

Recent advances in artificial intelligence and robotics have generated a robust debate about the future of work. An analogous debate occurred in the late nineteenth century when mechanization first transformed manufacturing. We analyze an extraordinary dataset from the late nineteenth century, the Hand and Machine Labor study carried out by the US Department of Labor in the mid-1890s. We focus on transitions at the task level from hand to machine production, and on the impact of inanimate power, especially of steam power, on labor productivity. Our analysis sheds light on the ability of modern task-based models to account for the effects of historical mechanization.
Ten Years After the Financial Crisis: What Have We Learned from the Renaissance in Fiscal Research?
Authors: Ramey Valerie A.
Published: May 2019

This paper takes stock of what we have learned from the “Renaissance” in fiscal research in the ten years since the financial crisis. I first discuss the new innovations in methodology and various strengths and weaknesses of the main approaches to estimating fiscal multipliers. Reviewing the estimates, I come to the surprising conclusion that the bulk of the estimates for average spending and tax change multipliers lie in a fairly narrow range, 0.6 to 1 for spending multipliers and -2 to -3 for tax change multipliers. However, I identify economic circumstances in which multipliers lie outside those ranges. Finally, I review the debate on whether multipliers were higher for the 2009 Obama stimulus spending in the United States or for fiscal consolidations in Europe.
Insulin Glargine and Acarbose in the treatment of elderly patients with diabetes
Authors: Li Jing , Ji Jinzhi , Liu Fuyan , Wang Lingling
Published: May 2019

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of insulin glargine combined with acarbose in the treatment of elderly patients with diabetes.

Methods: One hundred and forty-four elderly patients with diabetes who received treatment between December 2016 and December 2017 in Binzhou People’s Hospital, China, were selected and divided into a control group and an observation group, 72 each, using random number table. The control group was treated with insulin glargine, while the observation group was treated with insulin glargine combined with acarbose. The therapeutic effect, improvement of quality of life and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.

Results: After treatment, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2h postprandial blood glucose (PBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb Alc) of the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and the decrease degree of the observation group was significantly larger than that of the control group (P<0.05). The time needed for blood glucose reaching the standard level and daily insulin dosage of the observation group were significantly lower than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). SF-36 scale score of the observation group was significantly better than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05).

Conclusion: The combination of insulin Glargine and Acarbose can significantly control the blood glucose level of elderly patients with diabetes, improve the biochemical indicators, and enhance the quality of life. It is worth promotion in clinical practice.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.86

How to cite this:Li J, Ji J, Liu F, Wang L. Insulin Glargine and Acarbose in the treatment of elderly patients with diabetes. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):609-613. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.86

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Freehand pedicle screw fixation: A safe recipe for dorsal, lumbar and sacral spine
Authors: Junaid Muhammad , Afzal Ali , Kalsoom Anisa , Bukhari Syed Sarmad
Published: May 2019

Objective: To determine outcome of freehand pedicle screw fixation for dorsal, lumbar and sacral fractures at a tertiary care centre in the developing world.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 150 consecutive patients who underwent pedicle screw fixation from January 1, 2012 to 31st December 2017. A total of 751 pedicle screws were placed. Incidence and extent of cortical breach by misplaced pedicle screw was determined by review of intra-operative and post-operative radiographs and/or computed tomography.

Results: Among the total 751 free hand placed pedicle screws, four screws (0.53%) were repositioned due to a misdirected trajectory towards the disc space. six screws (0.79%) were identified to have cause moderate breach while four screws (0.53%) cause severe breach. There was no occurrence of iatrogenic nerve root damage or violation of the spinal canal.

Conclusion: Free hand pedicle screw placement based on external landmarks showed remarkable safety and accuracy in our center. The authors conclude that assiduous adherence to technique and preoperative planning is vital to success.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.981

How to cite this:Junaid M, Afzal A, Kalsoom A, Bukhari SS. Freehand pedicle screw fixation: A safe recipe for dorsal, lumbar and sacral spine. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):680-684. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.981

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The health, economic, and social effects of cannabis use in Thailand
Authors: Ritmontree Sujitta , Kanato Manop , Leyatikul Poonrut
Published: May 2019

Background: Controversy surrounds the harm and benefit of cannabis use. Further research on the impact of cannabis might guide the government in developing appropriate policies. This research aims to examine the health, economic, and social effects of cannabis use in Thailand.

Methods: From a prospective cohort of 261 cannabis users in Kalasin province, Thailand, we followed 45 cannabis users over 1 year as part of an in-depth study. Quantitative and qualitative data on the health, social, and economic consequences of use were gathered. In-depth interviews, participant observation by researchers during home visits , and self-report instruments were utilized. To supplement the cannabis users’ data, we also collected data from 10 health personnel, 16 community leaders, and 480 laypeople.   

Results: Our results indicate that cannabis use causes health problems. We determined the disability-adjusted life years of cannabis users and found a total loss of 120.09 years and a mean loss of 0.78 years. The possible economic impacts of cannabis treatment include medical expenses, loss of revenue for both cannabis users and their caregivers, and costs due to law enforcement and possible lawsuits. The economic costs measured during the study period totaled 1,561,460 baht, of which 1,347,950 was attributed to the costs of law enforcement and legal prosecution. However, we found no costs due to accidental losses. Cannabis does appear to not cause community conflict or crime. Despite this, cannabis use remains a social problem, and has been associated with outbreaks of illegal drug use.

Conclusions: This study showed that using cannabis can harm users, their family, and society as a whole. This should be essential for policy advocacy.
Employee Learning from Failure: A Team-as-Resource Perspective
Authors: Wilhelm Hendrik , Richter Andreas W. , Semrau Thorsten
Published: May 2019

Whether, and to what extent, employees learn from their failure experiences remains an unresolved issue for practitioners and scholars alike. On the one hand, failure provides individuals with opportunities for learning, whereas on the other hand, failure can also trigger defensive reactions that stifle learning. The present study expands experiential learning theories by incorporating the social context, thus offering a more comprehensive understanding of employee learning from failure. Specifically, we propose that team contexts that are psychologically safe and exhibit a well-developed transactive memory system provide important socioemotional and informational resources, enabling individual employees to seize the learning opportunities inherent in failure. Analysis of archival data on individual failure and subsequent performance in the domain of workplace creativity from 218 employees working in 42 teams supports our hypotheses. Employees are more likely to learn from their failure experiences if they work in teams with medium-to-high levels of psychological safety. Under these conditions, individual learning from failure is further stimulated by a well-developed transactive memory system. Our results also demonstrate the behavioral pathway linking failure experiences to subsequent outcomes. Interview data from 28 employees further illustrate the processes underlying these findings.
Memorial Maria Claudia Coelho
Authors: Coelho Maria Claudia
Published: May 2019

Este memorial foi defendido em 12 de abril de 2018. A banca examinadora foi composta pelos Profs. Helena Bomeny (presidente), Otávio Velho, Luiz Fernando Dias Duarte, Myriam Moraes Lins de Barros e Ceres Víctora.
MULTICULTURALISMO E FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE EM ESPANHOL: O currículo como resistência
Authors: Grees Mirian Ferreira
Published: May 2019

A partir das grades curriculares e ementas do curso de licenciatura em Letras/Espanhol de quatro universidades públicas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal Fluminense e Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro), o presente trabalho busca contribuir para o currículo multicultural crítico na formação docente, observando os sentidos produzidos através do currículo e refletindo sobre as construções discursivas e a falta de representação cultural no currículo oficial. Após o recolhimento do corpus, comparamos e analisamos os diferentes tipos de multiculturalismo encontrados. Em nossa pesquisa documental, percebemos que mesmo o tema tendo crescido nos últimos anos, o currículo ainda privilegia o ensino de determinadas culturas e a diversidade cultural existente continua sendo apagada.
O latim no Direito: do latim jurídico ao latim das Letras e das Ciências Humanas
Authors: Resende Maurício Sartori , Aguiar Márlio
Published: May 2019

este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o papel da língua latina dentro das práticas forenses e da cultura jurídica, defendendo que uma adequada compreensão do papel do latim dentro do universo jurídico requer maior atenção a respeito daquilo que tal língua traz para o esse universo. Para tanto, o presente trabalho faz referência à natureza histórico-linguística do então chamado latim jurídico e, em seguida, à problemática da proliferação de glossários e manuais de tal modalidade de latim que prescindem de uma reflexão linguística e histórico-cultural. Em segundo lugar, este artigo chama a atenção para a importância da compreensão do latim no latim, sobretudo para um entendimento menos raso das bases do Direito Romano e da História do Direito. Além disso, este estudo destaca o caráter linguístico do latim tanto no que toca à produção de enunciados quanto à compreensão deles, por meio de uma reflexão linguística explícita. Finalmente, o presente artigo atenta para a importância da língua latina e da cultura romana para a formação intelectual e acadêmica do jurista.
PARCERIA ACADÊMICA E ESPERANÇA EQUILIBRISTA: UMA CONVERSA COM LYNN MARIO TRINDADE MENEZES DE SOUZA / Academic partnership and balancing hope: a dialogue with Lynn Mario Trindade Menezes de Souza
Authors: Menezes de Souza Lynn Mario Trindade , Chaves Adriana , Oliveira Marcia Lisbôa Costa de , Saito Ricardo , Gattolin Sandra
Published: May 2019

Nessa conversa, o professor, Lynn Mario Trindade Menezes de Souza, titular da FCH/FLUSP, dialoga com xs organizadorxs do Dossiê sobre a amizade/parceria/colaboração acadêmica com a Professora Walkyria Monte Mór e sobre o Projeto Nacional de Letramentos que é um dos frutos dessa parceria. A partir de provocações baseadas em sua participação no V Encontro do Projeto Nacional de Letramentos, Lynn pensa o contexto contemporâneo e o futuro das pesquisas que se situam na interface de linguagem, sociedade e educação, abordando conceitos como lugar de fala/posição enunciativa, epistemologias da experiência, cidadania ativa, ocupação ontológica e decolonialidades, além de destacar a importância das releituras de Paulo Freire.
Dieselgate: A corporação no banco dos réus
Authors: Medeiros Cintia Rodrigues de Oliveira
Published: May 2019

Este caso para ensino em administração desafia a perspectiva tradicional que se dedica aos casos de melhores práticas e de decisões tomadas pelos gestores nas atividades gerenciais. Nessa direção, o objetivo deste caso de ensino é provocar reflexões e debate sobre o dark side de organizações contemporâneas, mais especificamente, sobre um crime corporativo. O caso em evidência é o chamado dieselgate, um crime protagonizado pela corporação alemã Volkswagen, na falsificação de resultados de emissões de poluentes em motores a diesel. Diferentemente de casos para ensino que partem de um dilema do gestor, este caso é focado nas práticas corporativas prejudiciais ao meio ambiente, nos fatores que estimulam as empresas a agirem de forma criminosa e como essas condições podem ser alteradas.
Derrida – toujours déjà “politique” Écriture – parjure – pardon
Authors: Bernardo Fernanda
Published: May 2019

Derrida político – como escutar a ressonância deste título?

Este texto nasceu do desafio desta escuta e, através das problemáticas da escrita ou do rastro – uma primeira designação da Desconstrução derridiana nos anos 60‑70 –, do perjúrio e do perdão, tenta apresentar e defender uma espécie de hipótese formal à laia de quase‑tese quanto à incondição política, singularmente política, singularmente já sempre política, ainda que diferentemente política, do pensamento de Jacques Derrida, assim como do pensamento, da incondicionalidade do pensamento segundo J. Derrida na singularidade da sua diferença com a filosofia: a saber, a hipótese do muito singular apolitismo híper‑ ou ultra‑político de princípio do seu pensamento, da impossibilidade e da incondicionalidade que ditam e magnetizam a indesconstructibilidade do seu pensamento e através da qual ele repensa e apela ao repensar e ao reelaborar do «obscuro» conceito, do «muito obscuro» filosofema metafísico do político (polis).

Uma hipótese que tanto visa combater as críticas, infundadas e muitas vezes intelectualmente incompetentes e desonestas, de que não haveria uma preocupação política, nem um alcance político nem uma filosofia política na Desconstrução – e, de facto, não há nela uma filosofia política, mas há, isso sim, um pensamento do político que, em si mesmo, é já hiperpolítico e que, no alheamento de todo e qualquer militantismo, pensa agindo/fazendo – como (visa combater) a ideia da existência de uma «political turn» e de uma «ethical turn» na Desconstrução derridiana: trata‑se de mostrar que, no seu bem singular apolitismo ou trans‑politismo de princípio (e apolitismo apenas relativamente ao conceito metafísico de político!), a incondicionalidade escatológico‑messiânica que inspira e locomove a Desconstrução derridiana do fono‑logo‑centrismo nos anos 60‑70 contra o Linguistic Turn, não só tinha fortes implicações políticas mas tinha, em si mesma, uma tonalidade já «política». Um alcance já hiperpolítico! Como amplamente o testemunha o liame nela existente entre a escrita e o perjúrio e os motivos do dom e do perdão – dois dos incondicionais ou dos impossíveis da Desconstrução derridiana que, com este fim, muito sucintamente aproximamos aqui.
A propósito de Métaphysique du Sentiment: entrevista com Renaud Barbaras
Authors: Beato José Manuel
Published: May 2019

Em Outubro de 2017Renaud Barbaras visitou a Universidade de Coimbra para pronucniar no Departamento de Filosofia, Comunicação e Informação duas sessões de seminário em redor do seu pensamento. Aqueles que tiveram a felicidade de participar neste evento inesquecível sabem bem da profundidade filosófica das lições do famoso filósofo, uma profundidade que soube ainda motivar um conjunto interessante de diálogos que se prolonga. Aqui apresenta‑se uma entrevista com Renaud Barbaras que se iniciou com um desses diálogos.
Analgesia For Dressing Changes In Burns: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ramadan Mohamad Rachadian , Wardhana Aditya , Sugiarto Adhrie
Published: May 2019

Background: Intense and prolonged pain often caused by burn injuries. The greatest pain is mostly experienced during dressing changes to maintain healing and banish the infection. This review is conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of different analgesia agents or methods for dressing changes in burn patients.

Method: Searches of studies conducted from 4 electronic databases, using keywords “Analgesia”, “Dressing”, “Bandages”, “Changes” and “Burns”. We included randomized and quasi-randomized trials assessing and comparing the effects of different analgesia agents, analgesia methods for dressing changes in burns patients. We excluded trials reporting only pharmacokinetic and physiological outcomes, comparing drug dosages, with exception for those using different drugs in the same class.

Result: Multiple databases search retrieved 144 studies. 17 trials are eligible involving 700 patients. Analgesia using pharmacological agents in 7 trials; 5 trials elaborating primary treatments and 2 trials as the adjunct treatment complementing the major analgesia. Two primary analgesia treatments were studying the role of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), while 3 trials using caregiver delivered. Ten trials were observing the role of non-pharmacological analgesia.

Conclusion: There was inadequate evidence from comparisons tested in randomized trials to confirm the dependent effectiveness of various techniques of analgesia, individual methods, or to assess the administration of different drug adjuncts for providing analgesia during dressing changes. Given the unresolved questions about the management of these conditions, we suggest that preference should be focused on the large scale, optionally, multi-center randomized observations of the primary methods.
Numéro 36 - novembre 2005
Authors: Cassiers Isabelle
Published: May 2019

Les résistances au projet de contrat de solidarité entre générations révèlent un malaise. Ce malaise semble toucher des questions bien plus vastes que celle des prépensions : n’est-ce pas l’évolution globale des relations entre le citoyen, l’État et l’économie qui inquiète une large fraction de la population ? Cette évolution comporte en effet un basculement : on quitte une logique d’État providence, on consolide celle d’un État social actif. Quels sont les causes et les enjeux de telles transformations ? Une prise de recul est salutaire.

L’État providence, institué après la deuxième guerre mondiale, reposait sur un accord de solidarité sociale, sur un compromis entre travail et capital. Ce compromis, qui portait sur la gestion de la croissance économique et sur le partage de ses fruits, actait la primauté du politique sur l’économique. La concertation sociale, la sécurité sociale, l’extension des biens collectifs et les politiques économiques de soutien de la demande ont contribué, pendant vingt-cinq ans, à nourrir et à stabiliser une croissance vigoureuse et à étendre les mécanismes de solidarité sociale.

La crise économique des années 1970 a mis les États-providence sous pression. Les redressements des années 1980 ont été opérés dans un contexte politique et doctrinal en nette rupture par rapport aux compromis sociaux antérieurs et ont conduit à des mutations dans les règles du jeu économique. Depuis les années 1990, la globalisation financière semble devenir la composante dominante d’un nouveau mode de régulation et restreindre le champ d’intervention des pouvoirs publics. Si la notion d’État social actif – inspirée de la troisième voie de Tony Blair - sous-tend les réorientations récentes de la politique sociale belge et européenne, il y a lieu de se demander en quel endroit l’État est actif et quels sont les points où il a renoncé à l’être. En considérant la globalisation financière comme une donnée, en acceptant comme inéluctable ou souhaitable la passivité dans certains registres de la politique économique, en concevant l’activation de la politique sociale comme une mise en conformité des personnes vis-à-vis des exigences du marché, l’État social actif ne contribue-t-il pas à consacrer la primauté de l’économique sur le politique ?
Numéro 57 - janvier 2008
Authors: Bodart Vincent , Defourny Anne , Latzer Hélène , Ledent Philippe , Legros Guy , Scourneau Vincent
Published: May 2019

Dans notre étude conjoncturelle d’octobre 2007, nous évoquions une détérioration des perspectives économiques pour 2008 en raison de l’apparition de plusieurs facteurs de freinage au niveau belge et international. Depuis octobre, les conditions économiques se sont encore un peu détériorées, ce qui nous amène à revoir une nouvelle fois à la baisse notre prévision de croissance pour 2008 à 1,7 %. Les risques d'une croissance plus faible se sont par ailleurs nettement accrus.
Numéro 63 - novembre 2008
Authors: Scourneau Vincent , Weiserbs Daniel
Published: May 2019

Dans ce numéro de Regards économiques, nous montrons que les différences de prix observées entre 215 vins de Bordeaux cotés dans un guide réputé dépendent davantage de l'appellation, de la réputation du producteur, du classement de 1855 que des différences en qualité ou en rareté. Même en tenant compte de tous ces effets, certains vins sont offerts sur le marché, du moins temporairement, à des prix anormalement élevés ou très agréablement bon marché.
Numéro 65 - janvier 2009
Authors: Bodart Vincent , Carpantier Jean-François , Latzer Hélène , Legros Guy , Scourneau Vincent , Thiry Géraldine
Published: May 2019

En raison de l’aggravation de la crise financière, du recul de l’activité économique dans de nombreux pays avancés, et d’une dégradation particulièrement sévère des anticipations des ménages et des entreprises, les perspectives macroéconomiques pour la Belgique se sont fortement détériorées au cours des derniers mois. Par rapport à notre projection d’octobre 2008, le taux de croissance annuel moyen du PIB belge prévu pour 2009 a été très fortement révisé en baisse. Il s’établit à - 0,9 %, par rapport à la prévision d’une croissance positive de 0,8 % en octobre dernier.
Numéro 66 - février 2009
Authors: Bréchet Thierry , Gérard Alexis , Mion Giordano
Published: May 2019

La gestion du bruit autour de l'aéroport est un vrai problème politique depuis plusieurs années. C'est aussi un vrai problème économique. En 2005, le Service de Médiation pour l’Aéroport de Bruxelles-National, a enregistré 223.000 plaintes. Les autorités en charge de cette question ont eu beaucoup de difficulté à gérer ces conflits et peinent à trouver des solutions efficaces. D'un autre côté, l’aéroport a clôturé l’année 2005 sur un bénéfice de 160 millions d’euros avec un chiffre d’affaires de 324 millions d’euros. L'aéroport fournit de l'emploi à quelque 20.000 personnes.

Pour contribuer au débat, nous avons réalisé une étude permettant d'évaluer de manière objective l'ampleur de la nuisance sonore telle qu’elle est perçue par les riverains. Le principe de cette méthode consiste à quantifier la valeur attachée à la nuisance sonore par l’observation du comportement des ménages lors de l'achat des maisons. On suppose que les individus vont consentir à l’achat d’une maison soumise à la nuisance à condition que son prix soit plus faible qu’une maison comparable en tous points (superficie, nombre de pièces, proximité à des facilités, etc.), mais située dans une zone sans nuisance. En observant les prix des transactions immobilières, on peut donc attribuer une valeur monétaire à la nuisance telle qu'elle est perçue par les individus. En cela, cette méthode fournit une évaluation objective de la nuisance subjective.

Nous répondons ainsi à trois questions. Le coût de cette nuisance sonore pour les riverains de l’aéroport est-il si important que cela ? Comment ce coût est-il réparti entre les différentes zones de bruit ? Que représente le coût des nuisances par rapport aux bénéfices que l’aéroport apporte à la collectivité ? Les réponses sont les suivantes :

L'ampleur de la nuisance s'avère faible. Chaque décibel supplémentaire se traduit en moyenne par une réduction de 0,9 % du prix des maisons. Sur base de ce résultat, on évalue que le dommage social total associé au bruit s'élevait à 10 millions d'euros en 2005.

Le coût des nuisances sonores pour les riverains de l’aéroport semble donc beaucoup plus faible que les avantages que l’aéroport procure à la collectivité.

Le coût des nuisances sonores est cependant très inégalement reparti entre les individus: la zone 70-75 dB(A), la plus bruyante, engendre un coût trois fois supérieur à celui de la zone 60-65 dB(A), et six fois supérieure à celle de la zone 55-60 dB(A), la moins bruyante. Le paradoxe est que, compte tenu du nombre de personnes exposées, la zone la plus bruyante ne représente que 0,4 % du dommage global tandis que la zone la moins exposée représente 72 % de ce dommage.
Numéro 71 - juillet 2009
Authors: Bodart Vincent , Carpantier Jean-François , Latzer Hélène , Legros Guy , Scourneau Vincent , Thiry Géraldine
Published: May 2019

La récession s’est aggravée en début d’année. Le climat économique étant toujours fortement déprimé, les perspectives économiques 2009-2010 sont pessimistes. Certains signes d’amélioration apparus récemment laissent néanmoins penser que le creux de la récession a été atteint au 1er trimestre 2009. La récession devrait perdre en intensité au second semestre 2009 et l’activité économique devrait recommencer à progresser début 2010. L’amélioration attendue n’empêchera pas une forte dégradation du marché du travail sur la période de projection.
Numéro 81 - juillet 2010
Authors: Bodart Vincent , Carpantier Jean-François , Latzer Hélène , Legros Guy , Scourneau Vincent , Thiry Géraldine
Published: May 2019

Les développements économiques récents confirment la reprise de l’économie mondiale et le redressement de l’économie belge. Malgré les turbulences financières des derniers mois, l’évolution attendue de la situation économique sur la période de projection reste favorable. Les risques sont néanmoins élevés. En 2010, le PIB belge devrait croître de 1,3 %. Sa croissance devrait se relever à nouveau en 2011, pour atteindre 2,0 %.
Numéro 89 - juillet 2011
Authors: Bodart Vincent , Carpantier Jean-François , Legros Guy , Lutgen Vanessa , Machado Joël , Scourneau Vincent , Smith Catherine , Thiry Géraldine
Published: May 2019

L’économie belge a progressé à un rythme particulièrement soutenu au 1er trimestre. En dépit d’une incertitude élevée, suscitée notamment par la remontée des prix pétroliers et la crise de la dette souveraine dans la zone euro, les perspectives économiques pour le reste de l’année en cours et pour 2012 demeurent positives. La croissance du volume du PIB sur l’ensemble de l’année 2011 devrait atteindre 2,6 %. En 2012, la croissance du PIB resterait supérieure au rythme potentiel, en affichant 2,4 %.
Numéro 94 - janvier 2012
Authors: Bodart Vincent , Carpantier Jean-François , Legros Guy , Lutgen Vanessa , Machado Joël , Smith Catherine
Published: May 2019

Les hésitations de la reprise économique mondiale, l’aggravation de la crise de la dette souveraine en Europe, les risques d’une nouvelle crise financière et les difficultés budgétaires de nombreux pays avancés ont fortement entamé la confiance des agents économiques de par le monde durant la seconde moitié de 2011. Du fait de ce climat d’incertitudes et d’inquiétudes, les perspectives économiques pour 2012 se sont fortement assombries. De surcroît, la croissance économique en 2012 sera affaiblie par les programmes d’austérité budgétaire mis en place simultanément dans de nombreux pays avancés, notamment en Europe. L’économie belge n’échappe pas à ces différents problèmes et faiblesses et elle devrait être en légère récession en 2012. Face à l’étendue de la crise de confiance et l’ampleur de l’ajustement budgétaire prévu dans l’accord de gouvernement, nous avons en effet fortement revu à la baisse notre prévision de croissance du PIB belge pour 2012, qui s’établit à présent à - 0,3 % contre 1,5 % dans notre étude publiée en octobre.
Numéro 101 - janvier 2013
Authors: Bagdziunas Rytis , Bodart Vincent , Lutgen Vanessa , Machado Joël , Smith Catherine
Published: May 2019

A la lueur des développements économiques les plus récents, la conjoncture économique belge suscite à nouveau de fortes inquiétudes. L'activité en volume a en effet stagné au 3ème trimestre 2012 après avoir fortement reculé au 2ème trimestre, l'emploi a de nouveau diminué au 3ème trimestre, pour la 3ème fois consécutive, le chômage continue à augmenter, le climat des affaires demeure affaibli et la confiance des ménages a sombré à un niveau proche de celui auquel elle était tombée lors de la crise économique et financière de 2008-2009. Au plan international, la conjoncture économique demeure fortement déprimée dans la zone euro, la croissance reste modeste aux Etats-Unis et elle est moins soutenue que par le passé dans les pays émergents. Dans ce contexte globalement morose, il est probable que la croissance économique en Belgique aura à nouveau reculé au dernier trimestre 2012 et qu'elle restera faible durant la première moitié de 2013. Dans notre analyse d'octobre dernier, nous prévoyions une reprise progressive de l'activité en 2013 en comptant sur un rétablissement progressif de la confiance des ménages et des entreprises. Nous confirmons cette prédiction mais nous estimons cependant à présent que la reprise débutera plus tard que ce que nous pressentions il y a 3 mois. C'est la raison pour laquelle notre prévision de croissance pour 2013 a été ramenée à 0,3 % alors que nous l'avions fixée à 0,8 % il y a 3 mois.
Numéro 118 - octobre 2015
Authors: Dejemeppe Muriel , Van der Linden Bruno
Published: May 2019

Dans les jours qui viennent, le gouvernement devra prendre des décisions concernant le ciblage du renforcement de la réduction structurelle des cotisations sociales patronales prévu dans le tax shift. Dans ce numéro de Regards économiques, nous formulons une proposition concrète pour ce ciblage et quantifions ses effets sur l’emploi.

Soyons clairs : l’enveloppe budgétaire prévue par le gouvernement (2.335 millions € sur la période 2016 – 2019) ne permettra pas de financer à la fois une réduction généralisée des cotisations patronales (le passage à un taux facial effectif de 25 %) et un renforcement significatif de la réduction structurelle sur les bas salaires. Des choix importants s’imposent donc quant à l’affectation de cette enveloppe budgétaire. Considérant que la création d’emplois est la priorité, le ciblage sur les bas salaires s’impose. Une autre forme de ciblage aurait en effet un impact nul ou très limité sur l’emploi.

Nous formulons une proposition à l’horizon 2016 qui s’inscrit dans l’enveloppe prévue par le gouvernement fédéral pour cette année (1.280 millions €). Selon notre proposition, prenant le taux de cotisation de 32,4 % comme taux facial, la réduction structurelle des cotisations patronales prendrait la forme suivante :

Suppression totale des cotisations patronales pour tout niveau de salaire égal au revenu minimum moyen garanti en Belgique (1.559 € bruts/mois à 21 ans). A ce niveau, la réduction de cotisations patronales représente plus de 500 €/mois.Entre le revenu minimum et 1,5 fois le revenu minimum (2.339 €/mois), la réduction de cotisations patronales diminue de manière linéaire. Pour un niveau de salaire égal à 1,5 fois le revenu minimum (2.339 €), elle atteint 154 €/mois, soit le montant de la réduction forfaitaire de cotisations patronales qui est en vigueur actuellement.La réduction forfaitaire de 154 €/mois reste appliquée jusqu’au seuil «haut salaire» actuel de 4.467 €/mois. A ce niveau, le taux de cotisations patronales s’élève à 29 %.Au-delà de 4.467€/mois, le taux de cotisations patronales qui prévaut est de 29 %.Notre proposition amènerait le taux effectif moyen de charges patronales de 26 % à 23 %, si l'on prend 32,4 % comme taux facial de référence.

Le renforcement de la réduction de cotisations patronales sous 2.339 € devrait créer ou sauvegarder à terme entre 28.000 et 47.000 emplois sous ce seuil de salaire.

Notre étude n’a pas abordé l’importante question du financement d’une réduction renforcée des cotisations patronales sur les travailleurs à bas salaires. Avec le ciblage que nous proposons, l’effet des réductions de cotisations sociales patronales sur l’emploi est maximal. Plus les retombées sur l’emploi sont favorables, moins la question du financement alternatif de la sécurité sociale est aiguë.

Compte tenu des effets limités sur l’emploi d’une réduction de charges patronales sur les salaires moyens et élevés, une proposition qui amènerait le taux effectif de cotisations patronales à 25 % engendrerait un besoin de financement alternatif de la sécurité sociale nettement supérieur.
Numéro 128 - décembre 2016
Authors: Gautier Axel , Salem Iman
Published: May 2019

Ces dernières semaines, les retards s’accumulent à la SNCB et le président de l’association «navetteurs.be» qualifie la situation de catastrophique. Dans ce contexte polémique, ce numéro de Regards économiques fait le point sur l’évolution du secteur ferroviaire en Belgique et analyse les performances de l’opérateur historique belge, la SNCB dans la perspective de la libéralisation du secteur qui s’annonce.

Malgré la croissance importante du nombre de passagers (+ 22 % depuis 2005) et le retour à l’équilibre financier, la qualité du service – mesurée par l’indice de ponctualité et la satisfaction des voyageurs – ne s’améliore pas. De plus, la productivité de la SNCB reste faible et sa dette est un handicap pour le développement futur.

Ces constats sont préoccupants. En 2023 au plus tard, la Belgique devra désigner un opérateur pour le service public de transport par rail. Pour éviter la mise en concurrence, ce qui semble être le choix de la Belgique, et privilégier l’attribution directe à l’opérateur historique, il faudra démontrer que le rapport «coût-efficacité» de ce dernier, est comparable à celui de ses concurrents.

Dans cette étude, nous comparons la SNCB avec d’autres exploitants ferroviaires européens. Nous faisons trois constats. Premièrement, la productivité de la SNCB est nettement plus faible en comparaison d’autres entreprises européennes. Deuxièmement, la contribution directe des passagers au financement du service est relativement faible à la SNCB. Troisièmement, les subsides d’exploitation octroyés par l’Etat sont importants. Ceci pouvant s’expliquer par la faible productivité, la faible contribution des passagers et une redevance d’infrastructure payée à Infrabel importante. A notre sens, des réformes importantes doivent être entreprises pour améliorer les performances de la SNCB.