bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sampling methods of symphylids in pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) crops in Santander, Colombia
Authors: Montes-Rodríguez José Mauricio , Ossa-Yepes Juan Felipe
Published: May 2022

In the pineapple growing region of Lebrija, Santander, one of the largest such regions in Colombia, five farms were selected, and a sampling of symphylids associated with this crop was carried out in the first months of cultivation in the variety Perolera and hybrid MD2. Two collecting methods were compared: i) the destructive method, with soil inspection around the roots, and ii) the bait-trap method with pieces of potato mixed with soil. These two methods were implemented in the same plots during five bimonthly samplings. Additionally, the percentage of root damage was estimated, defined as the percentage of roots that show bifurcation due to the damage caused by symphylids. All symphylids were identified as Hanseniella sp. Sampling of symphylids based on underground potato bait traps requires fewer samples to estimate population density and is a predictor of root  damage while destructive sampling is not. Consequently, trap sampling could be a useful tool for monitoring and managing symphylids on pineapple. The abundance was related to soil moisture, and not to soil pH.
Farm management succession by heritage. A Central Mexico case study
Authors: Romero-Padilla Arely , Santoyo-Cortés Vinicio Horacio , Márquez-Berber Sergio Roberto , Ayala-Garay Alma Velia , Altamirano-Cárdenas J. Reyes
Published: May 2022

Farm succession involves the interaction of social, economic, and emotional factors. The process also includes the decisions of farmers and their families who consider the farm as patrimony rather than a productive asset. This article analyses the processes of succession in farms of central Mexico to understand the different stages they comprise and the problems that these processes encounter. We conducted 12 in-depth interviews with producers who went through a recent transfer process. Succession processes and their associated factors were analyzed and discussed using the multiple case study methodology; subsequently, the stages that comprise each of these processes were defined. Results show that succession is commonly managed without making decisions or taking actions that prevent future problems, and individual interests of the potential heirs prevail. Although each transfer process is different, two basic types were identified: the spouse or the descendants assume the administration of the patrimony. However, in the analyzed cases, we found that, in general, there is no planning for succession, so the successors lack training in agricultural activities. In general, succession processes are complex and generate conflicts, and their trajectory depends on family relationships and the socioeconomic conditions of the farm.
Segmentation of Colombian organic food consumers focused on the consumption of the Andean blackberry
Authors: Builes Gaitán Silvana , Hurtado Pérez María Clara
Published: May 2022

As one of the most traditional Colombian fruits, the Andean blackberry is consumed either fresh or as juice or marmalade. However, recent research findings indicate that farmer and consumer’s health may be at risk owing to elevated doses of agrochemicals applied to produce the crop. Aiming to identify potential market opportunities for organic Andean blackberry, 164 organic consumers were surveyed using the “Gower’s distance” clustering technique for the assessment of 86 consumer response variables. These included consumer preferences associated with the Andean blackberry, the price they were paying for the non-organic product, their willingness to pay for its organic version, and the information they provided on environmental attitudes, perceptions about organic products, lifestyle, demographics, and socioeconomics. Of the three segments obtained from the cluster analysis, namely premium, medium and budget, medium consumers were the most knowledgeable about the benefits of the fruit, whereas those belonging to the budget segment attributed a higher value to money. In turn, premium consumers were willing to pay more for the organic version of the fruit. Regarding organics consumption across the three groups, the budget segment contained the highest number of consumers buying organics every week. The medium segment stood out for their recognition of the Colombian organic certification for ecological foods.
Weed control and selectivity of different pre-emergence active ingredients in a soybean crop
Authors: Silva Marcelo de Sousa da , Furtado José Augusto Lima , Castro Janine Quadros , Santos Iasmim Leite dos , Almeida Edmilson Igor Bernardo , Oliveira Leonardo Bernardes Taverny de , Sousa Washington da Silva , Araújo Rodolfo César de Albuquerque
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of different pre-emergence active ingredients on the suppression of the weed seed bank and the growth of soybeans. The experiments were carried out on a commercial farm located in Brejo (MA, Brazil), during the 2019/2020 harvest. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks with nine treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of control (without pre-emergence application), s-metolachlor, flumioxazin + imazethapyr, flumioxazin, imazethapyr, trifluralin, diclosulam, diclosulam + imazethapyr, and clomazone + carfentrazone-ethyl. Phytosociological surveys were carried out in pre- and post-planting (10 and 36 d after application - DAA) to control weed competition. Nineteen species of weeds were identified, distributed in 17 genera and 13 botanical families. The species Scoparia dulcis, Richardia scabra, and Cyperus iria exhibited the highest phytosociological indices (123.77, 28.62, and 28.29, respectively), estimated at 36 DAA. Flumioxazin and diclosulam were the most efficient in suppressing weed competition, with only 15.63 and 16.13 plants m-2. The highest phytotoxicity scores (3.0) were found at 10 DAA with the application of s-metolachlor, flumioxazin + imazethapyr, trifluralin, and diclosulam + imazethapyr. The pre-emergent control using flumioxazin and diclosulam is recommended for the edaphoclimatic conditions in the Eastern mesoregion of the state of Maranhão, Brazil.
Effect of selected bacteria from biogas sludge on the growth and nutrition of upland rice
Authors: Mustamu Novilda Elizabeth , Nasution Zulkifli , Matseh Irvan , Sembiring Mariani
Published: May 2022

This study evaluated the influence of selected superior bacterial isolates (SBI), biogas sludge, and their interactions on growth and nutrient uptake of upland rice grown in Ultisols. We used a randomized block design with two factors and seven replicates from October 2020 to April 2021. The first factor used selected SBI (B0 = untreated, B1 = nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolate (N3), B2 = phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolate (P7), B3 = isolate combination (N3+P7)). The second factor was the dosage of biogas sludge (S0 = untreated, S1 = 157.5; S2 = 315; S3 = 630 ml/polybag). The parameters were determined by ANOVA and followed by Duncan’s multiple range test at Р<0.05. The results showed that the isolate P7 significantly increased the N uptake by 20.77% and crop growth rate (CGR) of upland rice 2.81 times. Biogas sludge doses from 315 to 630 ml/polybag significantly increased plant height, uptake of N and P, total fresh and dry weight, and CGR of upland rice. The interaction between N3 and biogas sludge dosage of 630 ml/polybag significantly increased the CGR of upland rice. The application of isolates N3 and P7 and their combination with biogas sludge of 630 ml/polybag has the potential to increase the CGR of upland rice in acidic soils.
Learning, Practicing, and Developing Traditional Handicrafts in Latvia Today
Authors: Karlsone Anete
Published: May 2022

Latvian folk crafts are characterized by a predominance of women's handicrafts: weaving, knitting, embroidery, and so on, which are practiced both in groups and individually. This article focuses on the interaction between cultural heritage and creative trends in folk crafts in Latvia, examining the way in which artisans learn traditional crafts and the main areas of their activity. Given the context, the aim of this paper is to provide an overview on the development of Latvian handicrafts today based on empirical study which relied on information found on social networks about the latest activities of craftspeople. In addition to personal observations, publications dedicated to the development of folk art in Latvia during the Soviet period and today were also used as sources for the study. In recent years, the growing popularity of the Latvian national costume has stimulated the desire of many people to not only wear the costume but also learn how to make their own version. The Latvian national costume is a combination of various types of handicrafts, and some elements of folk costumes are also used in modern clothing. Nowadays, learning crafts in studios and hobby groups has become the main way to acquire handicraft skills. Training in these settings is based on ethnographic research and information available from modern sources. Works created in handicraft studios and hobby groups are regularly exhibited at local and national exhibitions. Craftspeople in modern-day Latvia merge the study of traditional, ethnographic material with creative self-expression in the production of objects for modern use. Creativity and inherited traditions are therefore combined to various extents depending on the type of objects and their use. Masters of traditional handicrafts participate in the annual public workshop series called Meet Your Master!, which has become a well-known event for popularizing folk crafts in Latvia.
The cold case of Aitnaiai's stagecraft
Authors: Cagnazzo Daniela Immacolata
Published: May 2022

Although no Aeschylean hypomnemata have been preserved, the papyri have returned evidences of ancient scholarship, such as fragments with marginalia and hypotheseis of several lost tragedies. For this reason, it is difficult to compare the scholia tradition, but it provides particular value for these ancient annotations. If the limited papyrus notes could testify a lower fortune of Aeschylus, the discovery of scholar materials, linked with lost tragedies, denotes that his productions was still available during the first centuries of Imperial Age. Interesting evidence is P.Oxy. XX 2257, which offers important information on the Aitnaiai stagecraft. My purpose is to reconstruct the drama setting and explain the technical modality of scene changes.
Fatum necessitatis lex. The tomb of Ovid in the Hungarian historiography (16–18th century)
Authors: Sánta Sára
Published: May 2022

The legend of Ovid’s Hungarian tomb appeared in the historiography in the 16th century: besides the numerous Ovid-tombs that turned up all across Europe, Wolfgang Lazius was the first who mentioned in his work Commentarii Reipublicae Romanae that the grave of the poet destined to a tragic fate was discovered in Savaria-Szombathely. Then – at the end of the 16th century, probably through Polish influence – a four-line ‘epitaph’ expanded the narrative. In my paper I aim to enlighten how the legend of Ovid’s tomb appeared in the Hungarian historiography of the 16–18th century, how the authors tried to eliminate historical contradictions, and also, I intend to present the different concepts on the creation and the authenticity of the alleged epitaph today.
Eric Voegelin's and Simone Weil's return to Ancient Greece
Authors: Sojer Thomas
Published: May 2022

Two enigmatic figures of 20th-century political theory, Eric Voegelin and Simone Weil, stand out with idiosyncratic receptions of ancient Greek texts. Both thinkers diagnosed that, as political agents in late modernity, we have unlearned to read world-making ancient texts and their narratives in their cosmic dimension and thus lost what has rooted European culture and history. Against this backdrop, Voegelin and Weil share ‘antidotal’ practises of combining historically and generically distinct material. These practices aim at fathoming a primordial experience at work in European narratives. With this comparative analysis of Voegelin's and Weil's symbolic readings (exemplified in this paper by passages from the Iliad, the History of the Peloponnesian War, and the Symposium), I present some considerations how their combinatory imagination of ancient material could supply late modern political agents with a pathos, a meaningful self-world relationship that was thought to have gone missing.
La misión de asistencia de las Naciones Unidas para Afganistán en el nuevo escenario de un gobierno de facto talibán
Authors: Lirola-Delgado Isabel
Published: May 2022

La nueva situación en Afganistán como consecuencia de la salida de todas las tropas estadounidenses y efectivos de la OTAN, y el consiguiente establecimiento de un gobierno de facto talibán suscita un plural conjunto de cuestiones jurídico-internacionales. De entre tales cuestiones, este trabajo se centra en la presencia de la ONU a través de la Misión de asistencia de las Naciones Unidas para Afganistán (UNAMA), buscando dar respuesta a las preguntas de cómo ha incidido la llegada al poder de los talibanes en la labor de misión y cuál puede ser su futuro a corto y medio plazo.
La disputa por los tesoros arqueológicos de Crimea: arte y controversias territoriales en el punto de mira
Authors: Torres-Cazorla María-Isabel
Published: May 2022

El panorama contemporáneo actual ofrece numerosos ejemplos desde hace años en los que las controversias territoriales, los intereses de las grandes potencias y las cuestiones jurídicas se entrelazan. La anexión de Crimea en 2014 por parte de la Federación Rusa ha dado lugar a un sinfín de controversias jurídicas, centrándonos en este trabajo en un asunto particular. Los tesoros arqueológicos de Crimea que permitieron al Museo Allard Pierson de Ámsterdam (Países Bajos) realizar una exposición temporal (Crimea: Oro y Secretos del Mar Negro) que se desarrollaba justamente en el período temporal en que tuvo lugar la anexión de Crimea. La duda jurídica que surge respecto a la devolución de dichos objetos ha dado lugar a una disputa judicial desarrollada ante los tribunales de Países Bajos, donde salen a relucir numerosas cuestiones que guardan relación directa con el Derecho Internacional, en un tema donde arte, reconocimiento y controversias territoriales se entremezclan de manera apasionante (y apasionada).
El final del examen preliminar sobre la situación de Colombia ante la Corte Penal Internacional: ¿éxito de la estrategia de complementariedad positiva de la Fiscalía o cierre en falso?
Authors: Vacas-Fernández Félix
Published: May 2022

El 28 de octubre de 2021, el Fiscal Jefe de la Corte Penal Internacional anunció el cierre del Examen Preliminar sobre la Situación de Colombia, el más largo de los desarrollados hasta la fecha. Ello nos mueve a realizar un análisis de los más de 17 años de Examen Preliminar, fijando la atención especialmente en la aplicación por la Fiscalía de la llamada estrategia de complementariedad positiva, de un lado; así como, de otro, en la forma de determinar su cierre y el diseño de un nuevo marco de cooperación futuro entre la Fiscalía y Colombia. En el aire queda la pregunta de si dicha decisión es el resultado, al menos en parte, del exitoso desarrollo de dicha estrategia o si se trata, por el contrario, de una decisión prematura que pueda suponer un cierre en falso del Examen Preliminar, que pueda conducir a su futura reactivación.
La contribución del «soft law» a la no proliferación biológica y química
Authors: Chinchilla-Adell Mónica
Published: May 2022

Las nuevas amenazas del siglo XXI, entre las que se encuentran los actores no estatales, el nuevo terrorismo y las armas de destrucción masiva, acentúan la necesidad de una cooperación colectiva efectiva. En este contexto, los mecanismos convencionales vigentes para el control de las exportaciones de armamento biológico y químico no parecen ser suficientes. Es preciso entonces considerar el papel del soft law en esta materia, en particular, cómo ciertos foros informales, como el Grupo Australia, el MTCR y el Arreglo de Wassenaar, junto con la Iniciativa de Seguridad contra la Proliferación, contribuyen a un control efectivo sobre bienes estratégicos de doble uso civil y militar.
Algorithm construction and numerical solution based on the gradient method of one inverse problem for the acoustics equation
Authors: Kasenov Syrym , Askerbekova Janar , Tleulesova Aigerim
Published: May 2022

The paper considers the problem of continuation of solutions of hyperbolic equations from a part of the domain boundary. These problems include the Cauchy problem for a hyperbolic equation with data on a timelike surface. In the inverse problems, the inhomogeneities are located at some depth under the medium layer, the parameters of which are known. In this case, an important tool for practitioners are the problems of continuation of geophysical fields from the Earth's surface towards the lay of inhomogeneities. In equations of mathematical physics, solution of the continuation problem from part of the boundary is in many cases strongly ill-posed problems in classes of functions of finite smoothness. The ill-posedness of this problem is considered, that is, the example of Hadamard, a Cauchy problem for a hyperbolic equation, is given. The physical formulation of the continuation problem is considered and reduced to the inverse problem. The definition of the generalized solution is formulated and the correctness of the direct problem is presented in the form of a theorem. The inverse problem is reduced to the problem of minimizing the objective functional. The objective functional is minimized by the Landweber method. By the increment of the functional, we consider the perturbed problem for the direct problem. We multiply the equation of the perturbed problem by some function and integrate by parts, we obtain the formulation of the conjugate problem. After that, we get the gradient of the functional. The algorithm for solving the inverse problem is listed. A finite-difference algorithm for the numerical solution of the problem is presented. The numerical solution of the direct problem is performed by the method of inversion of difference schemes. The results of numerical calculations are presented
Building a model of the process of shaping tapered calibrating areas of wheels at the two-sided grinding of round ends
Authors: Kalchenko Volodymyr , Kalchenko Vitalіі , Kolohoida Antonina , Kalchenko Olga , Kalchenko Dmytro
Published: May 2022

This paper reports the spatial modeling of the dressing process of grinding wheels with a conical calibration area to enable two-sided end grinding of cylindrical parts. Components with cylindrical end surfaces are common in the industry, for example, bearing rollers, crosses, piston fingers, and others. High requirements are put forward for the accuracy and quality of the end surfaces. The most efficient is to machine them simultaneously on a double-sided face grinding machine. To improve the quality, grinding is carried out by oriented wheels. The wheel’s angle of rotation in the vertical plane is chosen subject to the uniform distribution of the allowance along a working surface; this makes it possible to reduce the temperature in the cutting zone and improve machining conditions. To improve the accuracy, grinding wheels are provided with a conical calibration area whose rectilinear generatrix is in the plane passing through the axis of wheel rotation and is perpendicular to the end of the part. The minimum permissible length of the calibration area depends on the diameter of the parts being machined; that makes it possible to utilize the work surface more efficiently. Two wheels are dressed simultaneously using diamond pencils that are symmetrically installed in a part feed drum. The angular velocity when dressing the rough area of the wheel is constant, which ensures its different development, and it gradually decreases when dressing the calibration area to provide for its constant roughness. In general, this prolongs the resource of grinding wheels and the quality of machining. The wheels are given axial movement to ensure the straightness of the cone calibration area. The dressing technique reported here can be used on machines equipped with a numerical software control system and without it. It could also be applied in the machining of parts with non-round ends
Implementation of regression algorithms for oil recovery prediction
Authors: Kenzhebek Yerzhan , Imankulov Timur , Akhmed-Zaki Darkhan , Daribayev Beimbet
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the work of predicting oil production using machine learning methods. As a machine learning method, a multiple linear regression algorithm with polynomial properties was implemented. Regression algorithms are suitable and workable methods for predicting oil production based on a data-driven approach. The synthetic dataset was obtained using the Buckley-Leverett mathematical model, which is used to calculate hydrodynamics and determine the saturation distribution in oil production problems. Various combinations of parameters of the oil production problem were chosen, where porosity, viscosity of the oil phase and absolute permeability of the rock were taken as input parameters for machine learning. And the value of the oil recovery factor was chosen as the output parameter. More than 400 thousand synthetic data were used to test multiple regression algorithms. To estimate the quality of regression algorithms, the mean square error metrics and the coefficient of determination were used. It was found that linear regression does not cover all patterns in the data due to underfitting. Various degrees of polynomial regression were deployed and tested, and it was also found that for our synthetic data, the quadratic polynomial model trains quite well and perfectly predicts the value of the oil recovery factor. To solve the overfitting problem, L1 regularization known as the Lasso regression method was applied. For the quadratic polynomial regression model, the coefficient of determination was 0.96, which is a pretty good result for the test data. Thus, it is assumed that the data-driven machine learning methods discussed in the paper can be useful for predicting the oil recovery factor using practical data from oil fields at the stages of production
Selecting a method for the parametric adaptation of pi-controller in the control systems of boiler assemblies at thermal power stations with supercritical parameters
Authors: Novikov Pavlo , Shtifzon Oleg , Bunke Olexander , Batiuk Sergii
Published: May 2022

In the context of the growing share of renewable energy sources, the role of thermal power plants (TPPs) as means of balancing the daily power demand curve is increasing. During the day, the load on working units varies widely. Boiler assemblies of these power units undergo changes in their dynamic characteristics when the load changes. Control systems must, regardless of the mode of operation, meet requirements for the quality of operation. This paper has analyzed the latest research and advancements in the field of synthesis of adaptive and robust control systems for inertial contours of direct-flow boiler assemblies. It reports a model of the section of a water-steam flow path, which takes into consideration changes in the dynamic characteristics of the section when changing the load of the power unit. A model of the temperature control system for a boiler assembly has been built involving a tabular method for adjusting the PI-controller parameters. Alternative methods for the adaptation of parameters were proposed. The resulting expressions demonstrate a piecewise-linear approximation of parameter changes depending on the load. In addition, an adaptation unit based on fuzzy logic were suggested. Static characteristics of the adaptation units for PI-controller parameters depending on the load of the power unit were defined. Based on computer modeling, a comparative analysis of the quality indicators of the functioning of the designed control systems was carried out. A method for estimating the stability of systems with adaptation of adjustment parameters was proposed. Based on the static characteristics of the pairs of settings of the PI-controller and the parameters of the control object for each load value at the predefined discreteness, stability reserves were calculated for gain and phase. The results reported here indicate the advantages of a control system with the adaptation of controller parameters based on piecewise-linear dependences
Strength analysis of prestressed vertical cylindrical steel oil tanks under operational and dynamic loads
Authors: Tursunkululy Timur , Zhangabay Nurlan , Avramov Konstantin , Chernobryvko Maryna , Suleimenov Ulanbator , Utelbayeva Akmaral , Duissenbekov Bolat , Aikozov Yermurat , Dauitbek Bakdaulet , Abdimanat Zhuldyz
Published: May 2022

This paper reports a study into the effect of the winding type on the stressed-strained state of the wall of a steel cylindrical tank filled with oil to the predefined level. The shapes of free oscillations of oil in the tank and the effect of the winding type on the natural frequencies of the structure were analyzed. Stress in the tank wall was estimated on the basis of finite-element simulation of the deformation of a three-dimensional structural model under the influence of distributed oil pressure on the inner surface of the wall and stresses on the outer surface of the wall. The stresses were induced by the winding of various types, taking into consideration the level of oil loading, the winding step of the winding, and the mechanical characteristics of the thread.
The stressed-strained state of a cylindrical tank with winding was investigated at its full filling with oil, half-filling with oil, and without oil. Three winding options were simulated: single, double, and triple intervals. Two types of winding were considered: made from high-strength steel wire and made from composite thread. It was established that when winding the tank wall with steel wire at a triple interval, the stress in the structure does not exceed 34.2 % of the yield strength. At the same time, the height of oil loading does not significantly affect its strength. Applying a composite thread leads to an increase in the stress of up to 47.2 % of the yield strength but makes it possible to reduce the mass of the tank with winding. When winding with a composite thread at a triple interval, the mass of the structure increases by only 3.6 %. The results reported here make it possible to effectively use pre-stress in order to improve the strength and dynamic characteristics of the studied structures, taking into consideration their windings made of different materials
Implementation of strategic tools in the process of financial security management of industrial enterprises in Ukraine
Authors: Pronoza Pavlo , Kuzenko Tаtyana , Sablina Nataliіa
Published: May 2022

The results reported in this paper proved the need to develop strategic measures of the financial security management of enterprises. Approaches to understanding the essence of "management" and "financial security of an enterprise" concepts were analyzed; the author's vision of the essence of "management of the financial security of an enterprise" concept was generalized. Trends in the development of industrial enterprises were studied in order to identify the main indicators that determine the safety level of enterprises in the industry. Strategic directions in the financial security management of industrial enterprises were investigated. It was established that the construction of a regression model would allow an enterprise management to track the effect of deterministic factors on a change in the level of financial security of the enterprise and adjust the process of making managerial decisions related to the financial security of the enterprise. Given this, it became possible to build a tree of goals, which grouped and divided the strategic measures to manage the financial security of an enterprise. A strategic map was built, which reflected the relationship of all the processes at an enterprise and contributes to improving the level of management of the financial security of the enterprise. An expert study into the search for an optimal approach ensuring the financial security of an enterprise was conducted. It is confirmed that in order to improve the level of financial security management of an enterprise, it is necessary to optimize the trade and technological process in order to obtain maximum profit in the future, which could improve the state of all elements of the financial security management system of an enterprise. Thus, there is reason to assert that it is appropriate to define the strategic directions for managing the financial security of industrial enterprises by using regression and hierarchy models
Development of parallel implementation for the Navier-Stokes equation in doubly connected areas using the fictitious domain method
Authors: Temirbekov Almas , Altybay Arshyn , Temirbekovа Laura , Kasenov Syrym
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a numerical realization of the Navier-Stokes equations in irregular domains using the fictitious domain method with a continuation along with the lowest coefficient. To solve numerous connected issues in irregular regions, the fictitious domain method is broadly used. The advantage of the fictitious domain method is that the problem is solved not in the original complex domain, but in a few other, easier domains. Using the method, computation is done easily for a sufficiently wide class of problems with arbitrary computational domains.
The problem is solved using two methods. The primary method is based on the development of a distinct issue in variables of the stream function and the vortex velocity using the pressure uniqueness condition. The second method is to understand the expressed issue by the fictitious domain method with a continuation by lower coefficients.
Using the fictitious domain method, a computational algorithm is constructed based on the explicit finite difference schemes. The finite difference scheme is stable and has high computational accuracy and it gives the possibility to parallelize. Temperature distributions and stream functions are presented as numerical results.
A parallel algorithm has been developed using Open Multi-Processing (hereinafter OpenMP) and Message Passing Interface (hereinafter MPI) technologies. Within the parallel approach, we used OpenMP technology for parallel calculation of vorticity and stream work, and for calculating temperature we applied MPI technology. The performance analysis on our parallel code shows favorable strong and weak scalability. The test results show that the code running in the parallel approach gives the expected results by comparing our results with those obtained while running the same simulation on the central processing unit (CPU)
Developing plastic recycling classifier by deep learning and directed acyclic graph residual network
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Burhan , Al-Mafrji Ahmad Abdullah Mohammed , Yassen Moumena Salah , Sabry Ahmad H.
Published: May 2022

Recycling is one of the most important approaches to safeguard the environment since it aims to reduce waste in landfills while conserving natural resources. Using deep Learning networks, this group of wastes may be automatically classified on the belts of a waste sorting plant. However, a basic set of connected layers may not be adequate to give satisfactory accuracy for such multi output classifier tasks. To optimize the gradient flow and enable deeper training for network design with multi label classifier, this study suggests a residual-based deep learning convolutional neural network. For network training, ten classes have been explored. The Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) is a structure with hidden layers that have inputs, outputs, and other layers. The DAG network's residual-based architecture features shortcut connections that bypass some levels of the network, allowing gradients of network parameters to travel freely among the network output layers for deeper training. The methodology includes:
1) preparing the data and creating an augmented image data store;
2) defining the main serially-connected branches of the network architecture;
3) defining the residual interconnections that bypass the main branch layers;
4) defining layers, and finally;
5) creating a residual-based deeper layer graph.
The concept is to split down the multiclass classification problem into minor binary states, where every classifier performs as an expert by concentrating on discriminating between only two labels, improving total accuracy. The results achieve (2.861 %) training error and (9.76 %) a validation error. The training results of this classifier are evaluated by finding the training error, validation error, and showing the confusion matrix of validation data
Determining features of the deformed state of reinforced concrete beams of road bridges when strengthening the span structures
Authors: Kliuchnyk Serhii , Spivak Dmytro , Goryushkin Igor
Published: May 2022

The technology of repairing reinforced concrete bridges typically involves closing traffic on one half of the structure and performing work on it when it is possible to move vehicles on the second part of this structure. The main process of interest to practitioners in terms of hardening concrete, which occurs in the beams of a span structure during the passage of a temporary moving load, is deformation. By the time the cement of freshly laid concrete of the overhead reinforcement slab is hardened, it is necessary to create the necessary conditions for this (temperature, humidity, immobility over time, etc.). Before concrete acquires strength, movements arising in the span structure cause the destruction of cement stone at the formation stage. It is necessary to investigate the presence of deformations, as well as their impact on the impossibility of forming a homogeneous structure of concrete and its adhesion to reinforcing elements that combine the existing slab with the new one.
This study has established deformations induced by a temporary load from 1.61 to 5.83 mm, which have a negative impact on the process of solidification of concrete in the reinforcement slab for a span structure during the repair of a motorway bridge. The three-dimensional models were calculated by simulating a bridge of the M-04 highway. The results underlie the conclusions that the technology of repair work does not take into consideration the required conditions for high-quality concrete strength acquisition in an additional slab.
The study results established that operations on concreting an additional overhead reinforcement slab in the presence of vibrational effects exerted by the temporary load on the span structure cannot be performed because of the destruction of concrete at the hardening stage.
Given the above issue, several ways to address it have been devised and analyzed; the best of them is recommended
Defining the features of amplitude and phase spectra of dangerous factors of gas medium during the ignition of materials in the premises
Authors: Pospelov Boris , Rybka Evgenіy , Samoilov Mikhail , Morozov Ihor , Bezuhla Yuliia , Butenko Tetiana , Mykhailovska Yuliia , Bondarenko Oleksandr , Veretennikova Julia
Published: May 2022

This paper theoretically substantiates research into the spectral features of the dynamics of the main dangerous parameters of a gas environment when igniting materials in a laboratory chamber. Studying such spectral features is based on the calculation of the direct discrete Fourier transform for discrete measurements, equal in number, over the current intervals of observation of the hazardous examined parameter of the gas medium before and after the material is ignited. In this approach, a Fourier discrete transform makes it possible to determine the instantaneous amplitude and phase spectra for the time intervals under consideration. This makes it possible to explore the peculiarities of the distribution of amplitudes and phases of harmonic components in the spectrum of the dynamics of dangerous parameters of the gas environment before and after the ignition of materials. The results of experimental studies established that the nature of the amplitude spectrum is low-informative and not sensitive enough to fires. The main contribution to the amplitude spectrum of the dynamics of the investigated hazardous parameters of the gas environment in the chamber is made by the frequency components in the range of 0–0.2 Hz. The contribution to the amplitude spectrum of frequency components over 0.2 Hz is insignificant and decreases with increasing frequency. It is established that from the phase spectrum, the nature of the random scattering of phases for frequency components exceeding 0.2 Hz is informative. It was found that the nature of the phase spread for these frequency components in the spectrum depends on the type of ignition material. The results reported here could prove useful when devising new effective technologies for detecting fires in the premises of objects in various fields to protect against fires. This is explained by the fact that for the detection of fires in the premises, high-frequency components are important, characterized by the increase in dangerous parameters of the gas environment
Establishing regularities of temperature conductivity reduction when protecting fabric against fire by intumescent coating
Authors: Tsapko Yuriy , Tsapko Аleksii , Buiskykh Nataliia , Horbachova Oleksandra , Mazurchuk Serhii , Matviichuk Andrii , Sarapin Yuriy
Published: May 2022

This paper has analyzed materials for fire protection of textile products; it was found that there are not enough data to explain and describe the process of fire protection. Neglecting modern coatings leads to the ignition of fabric structures under the action of flame. Devising reliable methods for studying the conditions of fabric fire protection leads to the design of new types of fireproof materials. Therefore, there is a need to determine the conditions that form a barrier to high fabric temperature and to establish a mechanism for inhibiting heat transfer to the material. In this regard, the thermal conductivity process was simulated on the fabric surface using an intumescent coating, which makes it possible to estimate the coefficient of thermal conductivity at high temperatures. Based on the experimental data and theoretical dependences, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the fire-retardant layer of coked foam was calculated, which is 8.9×10-6 m2/s, due to the formation of a heat-insulating layer. The study results proved that the process of thermal insulation of textile material involves not only the decomposition of flame retardants with the formation of inert gases that interact with the flame on the sample surface but also the inhibition of heat transfer to the material treated with an intumescent coating that forms a thermally-insulating layer of coked foam on the fabric surface. The maximum possible penetration of temperature was estimated, namely generating a temperature on the sample's surface that significantly exceeds the ignition temperature of the fabric, and does not exceed 215 °C on the unheated surface. Thus, there is reason to argue about the possibility of targeted adjustment of the processes of fabric fire protection by applying coatings capable of forming a protective layer on the surface of the material, which inhibits the rate of heat transfer
Analysis of the effect of e-currencies on financial performance based on information technology
Authors: Saad Salma Mansour , Jabbar Ali Khazaal
Published: May 2022

E-currency is a form of digital currency that employs encryption to safeguard transactions, limit the manufacture of new units, and verify asset transfers. Bitcoin exchange rates and returns are the primary subjects of this study. In order to measure volatility, the standard deviation of logarithmic returns is determined. This study used a special test to determine whether or not the data were normal. Findings of high volatility were also made using a plot, a statistical process control chart, and other methods. Normality test (casual test) has been investigated accordingly to approve and validate the results. The F-test has been considered as the main indicator for the validity of the results. It has been based on the F-value of 9.3. As well as the financial performance has been done using the time and currency with upper and lower limits. The maximum limit is 34 with a G-value of 0.34. Furthermore, market return-based e-currency has been investigated and analyzed using free and fixed limits for both main variables time and currency. According to these data, the greatest value is 23 in fixed limit circumstances, while it is 18.4 in broad trend cases. The financial performance-based ANP method has been examined using the ANP approach with return values for the currency. The upper limit reached 544 with 0.43 as a G-value. An increasing number of people are valuing volatility. Because of the present high level of volatility, investing in Bitcoin is seen as a high-risk endeavor. The purpose of this study is to assist investors in developing a strategy that maximizes returns while minimizing risk
Fraud detection under the unbalanced class based on gradient boosting
Authors: Alothman Raya , Talib Hassanein Ali , Mohammed Mazin S.
Published: May 2022

Credit fraud modeling is an important topic covered by researchers. Overdue risk management is a critical business link in providing credit loan services. It directly impacts the rate of return and the bad debt percentage of lending organizations in this sector. Credit financial services have benefited the general public as a result of the development of the mobile Internet, and overdue risk control has evolved from the manual judgment that relied on rules in the past to a credit model built using a large amount of customer data to predict the likelihood of customers becoming delinquent. When creating a credit rating model, the emerging nature of the credit samples makes the minority class sample score very few; that is, when a large number of actual samples are obtained, this causes machine learning models to be biased towards the majority class when training. Traditional data balancing methods can reduce the bias of models to the majority category when the data is relatively unbalanced rather than excessive. Gradient boosting algorithms (XGBoost and CatBoost) are proposed in this paper to model highly unbalanced data to detect credit fraud. To find hyperparameters and determine the accuracy of the minority class as an optimization function of the model, Bayesian optimization is used to increase the model's accuracy for the minority class. The paper was tested with real European credit card fraud data. The results were compared to traditional machine learning (decision trees and logistic regression) and the performance of the bagging algorithm (random forest). For comparison, the traditional data balancing method (Oversample) is used
Devising recommendations based on a comprehensive assessment of the soil-geobotanical condition of land plots for executing afforestation activities
Authors: Shogelova Nazym , Sartin Sergey , Zveryachenko Timur
Published: May 2022

The land fund is in constant flux. Lands are transferred from one category and land to another. The deterioration of the ecological state of the land, the development of erosion processes, desertification, salinization, pollution by chemical and radioactive substances, forest and shrubland overgrowth of land annually exclude significant areas from use.
This paper reports a study of forestry stations located on the territory of Northern Kazakhstan. The soil was investigated by the method of laying soil sections and semi-pits with a description of the power of the horizons. The structure of the soil was determined by the method of breaking down soil samples. The granulometric composition was determined by the wet method with a division into sand, loam, light loam, medium loam, heavy loam, and clay. The chemical analysis of soil samples was carried out in a certified laboratory. Soluble carbonates are present in the samples from the Burluk forestry station. According to the structure and chemical analysis, the types of soils for each forestry station were defined. Based on the study's results, recommendations were devised for the categories of areas. In addition, the areas of plots suitable for all major forest species and areas with existing forests, forest crops, overgrown with self-sowing were determined.
During the reconnaissance route-loop survey of land plots, the types of plant associations were identified. A comprehensive ecological and geographical study of a forestry station was carried out to execute afforestation operations. Basically, the identification of types of plant associations has made it possible to conduct a preliminary assessment on the ground about the quality of the studied areas for the restoration of forest areas. General recommendations were compiled from the direct conduct of surveys on the ground; however, systematic monitoring, using remote sensing methods of the Earth, could facilitate the ongoing research. Building on the method of integrated ecological and geographical research could in the future significantly improve the efficiency of forest management activities in general and minimize losses associated with environmental influences
Creation of a hybrid power plant operating on the basis of a gas turbine engine
Authors: Rustamov Nassim , Meirbekova Oksana , Kibishov Аdylkhan , Babakhan Shokhrukh , Berguzinov Аskhat
Published: May 2022

This paper considers the issue related to the use of jet gas turbine engines for the generation of thermal and electrical energy, defined as a hybrid energy system powered by biogas. Revealing the main vulnerable points of the use and operation of these systems, it is proposed to use biogas obtained from agricultural, crop and livestock waste as fuel for gas turbine engines.
Analyzing the work of gas turbine engines, it reveals not only the technological advantages of using biogas instead of fuel, but also reducing the cost of heat and electric energy obtained by obtaining a productive land biohumus. This will result, firstly, it is especially emphasized, the usefulness of the resulting ground humus as a waste material, when producing biogas as fuel, for the operation of a hybrid energy system operating on the basis of gas turbine engines. Secondly, during the operation of a hybrid power system, it is possible to simultaneously obtain thermal and electrical energy. Thirdly, the low cost of the heat and electric energy received.
The following are other useful applications of such a power system. The resulting thermal energy is used for heating the greenhouse, and the electrical energy obtained from the operation of the hybrid power system can be used not only for lighting the premises, but can be used for the needs of the greenhouse. It is shown that the proposed hybrid power system consists of two technological structures. The first design is to obtain fuel in the form of biogas for the operation of gas turbine engines, the second design is the connection of the first design with gas turbine engines. A schematic diagram of the general design of the proposed hybrid power system and the principle of its operation is proposed. The difficulties encountered in the design and operation of such hybrid power systems are noted