bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autoimmungastritis, Magentumore und endoskopische Submukosadissektion (ESD) des Magens – eine Fallserie und ihre Lernkurve
Authors: Kolenchery Sarah , Meierhofer Clara , Ziachehabi Alexander , Wewalka Friedrich , Spaun Georg , Schöfl Rainer
Published: June 2023

Einleitung

Wiruntersuchten, wie häufig welche Magentumore während der Überwachung von PatientInnen mit Autoimmungastritis (AIG) auftraten und analysierten, wie die Ergebnisse der endoskopischen Submukosa Dissektion (ESD) im Magen in unserem Klinikum gesamt sowie in der Schnittmenge von AIG und ESD aussahen. Besonders wollten wir auf das Lernkurvenverhalten der ESD seit Einführung vor 12 Jahren achten.

Methodik

Es wurden 58 AIG-PatientInnen und 81 ESD-PatientInnen (Jänner 2009–Dezember 2019) in die retrospektive Datenanalyse eingeschlossen. Unsere Überwachungsempfehlung lautete auf 2 Jahre. Die ESD-Indikation folgte den „erweiterten Kriterien“. Erfolge und Komplikationen wurden zur Lerneffektbeobachtung in 3 Zeiträumen getrennt analysiert.

Resultate

Ein Tumor trat bei 12 von 58 AIG-PatientInnen auf (Nachbeobachtungszeit: 2940 Monate): 10 neuroendokrine Tumore (NETs), 1 Adenokarzinom und 1 gastrointestinaler Stromatumor (GIST). Die ESD erfolgte bei 91,4 % en bloc, bei 2,5 % nicht en bloc. Die R0-Resektionsrate betrug 69,1 %, die R1-Resektionsrate 18,5 %. Es wurden 64,2 % kurativ reseziert, 28,4 % nichtkurativ. Die restlichen Prozentanteile ergaben sich aus fehlenden Daten (Abbruch wegen Perforation, AZ-Verschlechterung, tumorfreies Resektat oder fehlende Beurteilbarkeit über das Vorhandensein von Residualtumor). Schwere Blutungen traten bei 3,7 %, Perforationen bei 6,2 % auf. Die En-bloc-Resektionsrate stieg von 82,6 auf 93,1 %, die R0-Resektionsrate von 52,2 auf 82,8 % und die kurative Resektionsrate von 60,9 auf 72,4 % (2009–2012 im Gegensatz zu 2017–2019). Von den ESD-PatientInnen hatten 2,5 % eine AIG.

Schlussfolgerung

Bei den AIG-PatientInnen fanden wir einen NET pro 24 und ein Adenokarzinom pro 245 Überwachungsjahre. Die ESD ist ein erfolgreiches Verfahren zur Behandlung von NETs und frühen Adenokarzinomen mit Vorteil des Organerhalts. Die Lernkurve der ESD im Ordensklinikum Linz flacht nach etwa 20 Eingriffen ab und liegt in den letzten 3 Jahren im Bereich der europäischen publizierten Daten.
Telemedizin, Herzinsuffizienz und der ewige Glaube an die Technik
Authors: Kühlein Thomas , Roos Marco , Beier Markus , Eggenwirth Peter , Engel Bettina , Scherer Martin
Published: June 2023

Hintergrund

Menschen mit der Diagnose Herzinsuffizienz sind oft gebrechlich und haben eine schlechte Prognose. Jetzt begegnet ihnen die Medizin mit neuer digitaler Technik in Form der Telemedizin mit dem Ziel einer immer weiteren, im Ergebnis immer geringeren Verlängerung des Lebens.

Ziel der Arbeit

Bewertung der Einführung des Telemonitorings bei Herzinsuffizienz aus primärmedizinischer Perspektive.

Material und Methoden

Zusammenfassung der wissenschaftlichen und nichtwissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema im Sinne eines narrativen Reviews.

Ergebnisse

Die Evidenz zum Telemonitoring bei Herzinsuffizienz ist sehr umfangreich und heterogen. Der Nutzen ist schwer einschätzbar. Die wissenschaftliche Grundlage seiner Einführung in Deutschland wurde auf wenige Studien eingeschränkt, die jedoch als Begründung dafür ungenügend erscheinen.

Diskussion

Ein unkritischer Technikglaube und ein darauf beruhender politischer Wille scheinen die eigentliche Grundlage der Einführung von Telemonitoring bei Herzinsuffizienz zu sein. Statt sich durch immer mehr Technik in immer kleineren Bereichen zu verzetteln, wäre eine digital unterstützte Verbesserung der Dokumentation und Kommunikation der Patientinnen und Patienten mit ihren primären hausärztlichen Versorgungspraxen sowie deren telemedizinische Unterstützung durch Gebietsärztinnen und -ärzte der eigentlich notwendige Schritt.
Visual analysis of inscriptions in the Tang Dynasty: a case study on the calligraphy style of Wang Xizhi
Authors: Zhang Yang , Chen Ling , Chen Haonan , Chu Jinghui , Chang Baofeng , Wang Yunchao , Sun Guodao
Published: June 2023

The art of inscriptions is one of the most important components of the glorious ancient culture in China. It is an essential method not only for ancients to record history and disseminate culture but also to provide original written and pictorial records for subsequent generations to learn about ancient Chinese culture. However, the art of inscriptions and calligraphy is currently not widely available because of its professional chirography, style and composition. Moreover, traditional calligraphy exhibitions cannot provide the public with an interactive and intuitive way to present the features of Chinese characters, such as stroke thickness. Therefore, in this paper, we present an interactive visual system to support the public in understanding and appreciating the calligraphic style of the inscriptions of the Tang Dynasty and the evolutionary path of the calligraphic style of Wang Xizhi. We first employ image processing technology to extract calligraphy features. Then, we help users explore the development of calligraphy from the spatial-temporal dimension and analyze the similarity between the works at two granularity levels: Chinese character structure and the works’ style. Furthermore, the system also provides a metaphorical visualization method to enhance the concretization of calligraphic appreciation. Case studies and comprehensive evaluation demonstrate the usability of our proposed visual analysis system of the calligraphic style of the inscriptions in the Tang Dynasty.
Knowing Britten
Authors: Bedford Steuart , Gillett Christopher
Published: June 2023

Knowing Britten is a vivid and insightful account of Steuart Bedford's long association with both Britten the man and his music.
Analysis of declining trends in sugarcane yield at Wonji-Shoa Sugar Estate, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Dengia Alemayehu , Dechassa Nigussae , Wogi Lemma , Amsalu Berhanu
Published: June 2023

Yield decline has been the hallmark of Ethiopian sugarcane plantations. However, the extent and causes of the decline have not yet been empirically studied, making it difficult to manage the problem. This study aimed at analyzing the long-term yield data (1954–2022) with respect to variety and soil type. Thus, 8,923 records of yield data were summarized and sorted into decades, varieties, and soil types and then analyzed by applying Mann-Kendall and Tukey’s tests. The fields were classified and mapped using ArcGIS 10.3. The results revealed that 69% of the plantation fields were classified as “yield declining,” and the overall rate of decline has been 8.4 quintals ha−1 year−1 (R2 = 0.76). The rate of decline was higher for older than newer varieties and for vertisols than cambiols. Therefore, the older varieties should be micropropagated or replaced with improved ones, and the vertisols should be amended through practices such as green manuring, improved fallows, etc.
The use of telehealth-supported stewardship activities in acute-care and long-term care settings: An implementation effectiveness trial
Authors: Livorsi Daniel J. , Sherlock Stacey Hockett , Cunningham Goedken Cassie , Pratt Sandra , Goodman David A. , Clarke Kim C. , Cho Hyunkeun , Schacht Reisinger Heather , Perencevich Eli N.
Published: June 2023

Background:

We assessed the implementation of telehealth-supported stewardship activities in acute-care units and long-term care (LTC) units in Veterans’ Administration medical centers (VAMCs).

Design:

Before-and-after, quasi-experimental implementation effectiveness study with a baseline period (2019–2020) and an intervention period (2021).

Setting:

The study was conducted in 3 VAMCs without onsite infectious disease (ID) support.

Participants:

The study included inpatient providers at participating sites who prescribe antibiotics.

Intervention:

During 2021, an ID physician met virtually 3 times per week with the stewardship pharmacist at each participating VAMC to review patients on antibiotics in acute-care units and LTC units. Real-time feedback on prescribing antibiotics was given to providers. Additional implementation strategies included stakeholder engagement, education, and quality monitoring.

Methods:

The reach–effectiveness–adoption–implementation–maintenance (RE-AIM) framework was used for program evaluation. The primary outcome of effectiveness was antibiotic days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 days present aggregated across all 3 sites. An interrupted time-series analysis was performed to compare this rate during the intervention and baseline periods. Electronic surveys, periodic reflections, and semistructured interviews were used to assess other RE-AIM outcomes.

Results:

The telehealth program reviewed 502 unique patients and made 681 recommendations to 24 providers; 77% of recommendations were accepted. After program initiation, antibiotic DOT immediately decreased in the LTC units (−30%; P < .01) without a significant immediate change in the acute-care units (+16%; P = .22); thereafter DOT remained stable in both settings. Providers generally appreciated feedback and collaborative discussions.

Conclusions:

The implementation of our telehealth program was associated with reductions in antibiotic use in the LTC units but not in the smaller acute-care units. Overall, providers perceived the intervention as acceptable. Wider implementation of telehealth-supported stewardship activities may achieve reductions in antibiotic use.
Post-Little Ice Age glacial lake evolution in Svalbard: inventory of lake changes and lake types
Authors: Wieczorek Iwo , Strzelecki Mateusz C. , Stachnik Łukasz , Yde Jacob C. , Małecki Jakub
Published: June 2023

The rapid formation of glacial lakes is one of the most conspicuous landscape changes caused by atmospheric warming in glacierised regions. However, relatively little is known about the history and current state of glacial lakes in the High Arctic. This study aims to address this issue by providing the first inventory of glacial lakes in Svalbard, focusing in particular on the post-Little Ice Age evolution of glacial lakes and their typology. To do so, we used aerial photographs and satellite imagery together with archival topographic data from 1936 to 2020. The inventory comprises the development of 566 glacial lakes (146 km2) that were still in direct contact with glaciers during the period 2008–2012. The results show a consistent increase in the total area of glacial lakes from the 1930s to 2020 and suggest an apparent link between climatic and geological factors, and the formation of specific lake dam types: moraine, ice, or bedrock. We also detected 134 glacial lake drainage events that have occurred since the 1930s. This study shows that Svalbard has one of the highest rates of glacial lake development in the world, which is an indicator of the overall dynamics of landscape change in the archipelago in response to climate change.
A usage-based approach to metaphor identification and analysis in child speech
Authors: Gaskins Dorota , Falcone Marianna , Rundblad Gabriella
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a usage-based method for investigating metaphor acquisition in the speech of children aged two and above. The method draws on the strengths of the established tools for metaphor identification such as Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP), and Metaphor Identification Procedure VU University Amsterdam (MIP-VU), and adapts them for coding and analysing metaphors in the corpora of naturalistic interactions between children and their primary caregivers, such as those stored online in the CHILDES TalkBank. First, we discuss the premises underlying our methodological framework and provide a coding manual for working with child language. Second, we explain how to approach the challenges of coding transcripts of child speech and demonstrate how we reached high inter-annotator reliability scores of 0.97. We then show how the coding scheme works with a sample corpus of a child recorded between the ages of 2;0–3;1. To illustrate how the scheme can be applied to the study of metaphor acquisition, we analyse the coded metaphors for input–output frequencies. It is argued that our method can offer a unique lens for exploring metaphor production in very young children and it can help us to understand how children come to express their very first figurative meanings.
Effect of the location of a protection zone in a reaction–diffusion model
Authors: Sun Ningkui
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we consider the dynamical behaviour of a reaction–diffusion model for a population residing in a one-dimensional habit, with emphasis on the effects of boundary conditions and protection zone. We assume that the population is subjected to a strong Allee effect in its natural domain but obeys a monostable nonlinear growth in the protection zone $[L_1,\, L_2]$ with two constants satisfying $0\leq L_1< L_2$, and the general Robin condition is imposed on $x=0$ (i.e. $u(t,\,0)=bu_x(t,\,0)$ with $b\geq 0$). We show the existence of two critical values $0< L_*\leq L^*$, and prove that a vanishing–transition–spreading trichotomy result holds when the length of protection zone is smaller than $L_*$; a transition–spreading dichotomy result holds when the length of protection zone is between $L_*$ and $L^*$; only spreading happens when the length of protection zone is larger than $L^*$. Based on the properties of $L_*$, we obtain the precise strategies for an optimal protection zone: if $b$ is large (i.e. $b\geq 1/\sqrt {-g'(0)}$), the protection zone should start from somewhere near $0$; while if $b$ is small (i.e. $b< 1/\sqrt {-g'(0)}$), then the protection zone should start from somewhere away from $0$, and as far away from $0$ as possible.
REAL BLOCKS WITH DIHEDRAL DEFECT GROUPS REVISITED
Authors: SAMBALE BENJAMIN
Published: June 2023

The Frobenius–Schur indicators of characters in a real
$2$
-block with dihedral defect groups have been determined by Murray [‘Real subpairs and Frobenius–Schur indicators of characters in 2-blocks’, J. Algebra322 (2009), 489–513]. We show that two infinite families described in his work do not exist and we construct examples for the remaining families. We further present some partial results on Frobenius–Schur indicators of characters in other tame blocks.
Constructing ‘Otherness’ in the neighbourhood: que(e)rying older adults’ experiences of and talk about socio-cultural change
Authors: McFarland Jami , Hand Carri , Laliberte Rudman Debbie , McGrath Colleen , Stewart Katherine
Published: June 2023

Drawing from 108 qualitative interviews with 38 participants from an ethnographic study investigating older adults’ experiences of inclusion and exclusion in two increasingly socio-economically diverse neighbourhoods, this paper employs a queer approach to identify how older adults construct and narrate socio-cultural change in the neighbourhood, as well as complicate simplistic binary understandings of older adults invoked in ageing-in-place literature. Drawing on neoliberal, heteronormative and racialised discourses, older adult participants engaged in practices of ‘Othering’ to narrate who did and did not belong in the neighbourhood. Participants referenced three primary non-residents when narrating change in their neighbourhoods: the homeless resident, the temporary resident and the racialised resident. Participants generally ‘Othered’ these three types of ‘residents’ as non-(re)productive, i.e. as not contributing to the social fabric of the neighbourhood in normatively valued ways. However, even as participants engaged in practices of ‘Othering’, a form of exercising power, it was evident that some ‘Othered’ figures disproportionately affected older adults’ sense of belonging to their neighbourhoods. We found that shifting socio-cultural dynamics related to class, race and age, especially as they relate to the temporary resident, posed the biggest challenges to older adults’ feelings of belonging, and relationships, to place. Our findings indicate that an inundation of moneyed people and unconventional living arrangements can inadvertently threaten older adults’ social spaces and networks, as well as further bound their possibilities for meeting the neoliberal and heteronormative expectations of ‘successful ageing’ by working against older adults’ continued social participation and connectedness. In turn, this paper considers the ways in which older adults are exclusionary and excluded subjects.
Building on cultural and linguistic strengths and recognizing life challenges - a commentary on Paradis’ “Sources of individual differences in the dual language development of heritage bilinguals”
Authors: HAMMER Carol Scheffner
Published: June 2023

Children growing up bilingually are often treated as a monolithic group; however, heritage language (HL) bilinguals constitute an extremely heterogenous group that vary due to a wide variety of factors. In her keynote, Paradis provides a thought-provoking analysis of the research literature and identifies key internal and external factors that lead to individual differences. Specifically, she identifies age of second language (L2) acquisition, cognitive abilities, and social-emotional wellbeing as important internal factors. She also discusses both proximal and distal external factors. Proximal factors include children’s cumulative exposure to L2 and HL, L2 and HL usage at home, and the richness of the L2 and HL environment. Distal factors involve education in HL, parent language proficiency, socioeconomic status (SES), and family attitudes and identities. In my commentary, I expand on Paradis’ keynote to include the role of culture, which I consider to be both an internal and external factor, and respond to her discussion of two external factors, the impact of SES and the role of the classroom environment.
The effects of public sector employment on household savings and labor supply
Authors: Bettoni Luis G. , Santos Marcelo R.
Published: June 2023

In many countries, the structure of wages and the labor law legislation are completely different for public and private sector employees. In this paper, we develop a general equilibrium overlapping generations model to study the effect of such differences on household savings and labor supply. To conduct our analysis, first we use microdata from two Brazilian household surveys to document that civil servants save and work significantly less than their counterparts in the private sector. Second, we use matched employer–employee microdata from Brazil (RAIS) to document differences between the two sectors in terms of wage and unemployment risk. Then, we calibrate the model to be consistent with micro and macro evidence for Brazil. Our counterfactual exercises show that differences in wages characteristics and labor law legislation account for nearly 70% of the gap in savings between civil servants and private sector workers, and 57% of the gap in labor supply. In addition, we find that eliminating those differences can produce sizable increase on aggregate savings, employment, and welfare.
Dyadic sleep intervention for adult patients with cancer and their sleep-partner caregivers: A feasibility study
Authors: Kim Youngmee , Ting Amanda , Tsai Thomas C. , Carver Charles S.
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Sleep disturbances are common among adult patients with cancer and their caregivers. To our knowledge, no sleep intervention to date has been designed to be provided to both patients with cancer and their caregivers simultaneously. This single-arm study aimed to pilot test the feasibility and acceptability, and to illustrate the preliminary efficacy on sleep efficiency of the newly developed dyadic sleep intervention, My Sleep Our Sleep (MSOS: NCT04712604).

Methods

Adult patients who were newly diagnosed with a gastrointestinal (GI) cancer and their sleep-partner caregivers (n = 20 persons: 10 dyads, 64 years old, 60% female patients, 20% Hispanic, 28 years relationship duration), both of whom had at least mild levels of sleep disturbance (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] ≥ 5) participated in this study. MSOS intervention consists of four 1-hour weekly sessions delivered using Zoom to the patient–caregiver dyad together.

Results

We were able to enroll 92.9% of the eligible and screened patient–caregiver dyads within 4 months. Participants reported high satisfaction in 8 domains (average 4.76 on a 1–5 rating). All participants agreed that the number of sessions, interval (weekly), and delivery mode (Zoom) were optimal. Participants also preferred attending the intervention with their partners. Both patients and caregivers showed improvement in sleep efficiency after completing the MSOS intervention: Cohen’s d = 1.04 and 1.47, respectively.

Significance of results

Results support the feasibility and acceptability, as well as provide the preliminary efficacy of MSOS for adult patients with GI cancer and their sleep-partner caregivers. Findings suggest the need for more rigorous controlled trial designs for further efficacy testing of MSOS intervention.
No taxation without informational foundation: on the role of legibility in tax state development
Authors: vom Hau Matthias , Peres-Cajías José Alejandro , Soifer Hillel David
Published: June 2023

This article combines cross-national statistical analysis and in-depth historical case studies of Argentina and Chile to explore the relationship between two crucial dimensions of state capacity. We show that information capacity contributes to the development of fiscal capacity. When states have accurate information about their subject populations, territories, and economies, they are more effective at mobilizing revenues. In developing this argument this article makes three broader contributions. First, while existing scholarship either treats distinct dimensions of state capacity as separate entities, or simply assumes that they complement each other, our findings urge scholars to treat state development as sequential and to further investigate how multiple dimensions of state capacity are interrelated. Second, the paper suggests a broader underlying set of mechanisms – economies of scope – which connect these dimensions, and explores them in the specific context of how information capacity facilitates fiscal capacity. Third, we join the scholarship on the importance of societal compliance in the creation of the fiscal state, but with a focus on elite cooperation with the state's information collection efforts, which we show to be crucial to tax state development.
Effect of Surface Hydraulics and Salmon Redd Size on Redd‐Induced Hyporheic Exchange
Authors: Bhattarai Bishal , Hilliard Brandon , Reeder William J. , Budwig Ralph , Martin Benjamin T. , Xing Tao , Tonina Daniele
Published: June 2023

Salmonids create an egg nest, called a redd, in hyporheic streambed gravel to bury their eggs, characterized by a pit and a hump topography, resembling a dune. Embryos' survival depends on downwelling oxygen‐rich stream water fluxes, influenced by the redd shape, stream hydraulics, and the hydraulic conductivity of the redd sediment, K. We hypothesize that downwelling fluxes increase with stream discharge and redd aspect ratio (AR = A/L, with A, the redd amplitude and L, its length), and they can be predicted using a set of dimensionless numbers, which include the stream flow Reynolds (Re) and Froude (Fr) numbers, AR, and the redd relative submergence (A/Y0, with Y0, the water depth). We address our goal by simulating the surface and subsurface flows with numerical hydraulic models linked through the near‐bed pressure distribution quantified with a two‐phase (air‐water) two‐dimensional surface water computational fluid dynamics model, validated with experiments. We apply the modeling approach to five redd sizes, which span the field observed range (from ∼1 to ∼4 m long), and by increasing discharge from shallow (0.1 m) and slow (0.15 m/s) to deep (8 m) and fast (3.3 m/s). Results confirm that downwelling fluxes increase with discharge and redd aspect ratio due to the increased near‐bed head gradient over the redd. Averaged downwelling fluxes are a function of Re, Fr, AR, and hydraulic conductivity of the redd and not of the undisturbed streambed material. The derived regression equation may help evaluate regulated and unregulated flow impacts on hyporheic flows during embryo incubation.
Extreme Horizontal Wind Perturbations in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Over South America Associated With the 2022 Hunga Eruption
Authors: Poblet Facundo L. , Chau Jorge L. , Conte J. Federico , Vierinen Juha , Suclupe Jose , Liu Alan , Rodriguez Rodolfo R.
Published: June 2023

On 15 January 2022, the Hunga volcano produced a massive explosion that generated perturbations in the entire atmosphere. Nonetheless, signatures in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) have been challenging to identify. We report MLT horizontal wind perturbations using three multistatic specular meteor radars on the west side of South America (spanning more than 3,000 km). The most notorious signal is an exceptional solitary wave with a large vertical wavelength observed around 18 UT at all three sites, with an amplitude of ∼50 m/s mainly in the westward direction. Using a customized analysis, the wave is characterized as traveling at ∼200 m/s, with a period of ∼2 hr and a horizontal wavelength of ∼1,440 km in the longitudinal direction, away from the source. The perturbation is consistent with an L1 Lamb wave mode. The signal's timing coincides with the arrival time of the tsunami triggered by the eruption.
The Amplitude and Timescales of 0–15 ka Paleomagnetic Secular Variation in the Northern North Atlantic
Authors: Reilly Brendan T. , Stoner Joseph S. , Ólafsdóttir Sædís , Jennings Anne , Hatfield Robert , Kristjánsdóttir Gréta Björk , Geirsdóttir Áslaug
Published: June 2023

We investigate the amplitude and frequency of directional geomagnetic change since 15 ka in the Northern North Atlantic (∼67°N) using five “ultra‐high” resolution continental shelf sediment cores deposited at rates greater than 1 m/kyr. The ages of these cores are constrained by 103 radiocarbon dates with reservoir ages assessed through tephra correlation to terrestrial archives. Our study aims to address many of the uncertainties that are common in sedimentary paleomagnetic studies, including signal attenuation in low to moderate resolution archives and difficulty to demonstrate reproducibility in higher resolution archives. The “ultra‐high” accumulation rates of our cores reduce “lock‐in” and smoothing uncertainties associated with magnetic acquisition processes. Abundant radiocarbon dates along with an objective alignment algorithm provide a test of signal reproducibility at sub‐millennial timescales. The paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) signal, evaluated as individual records and as a new stack (GREENICE15k), validates prior results, but provides stronger geochronological constraints, demonstrates a reproducible PSV signal and amplitude, and extends through the abrupt Bølling–Allerød and Younger Dryas climate transitions of the latest Pleistocene. While broadly consistent with time‐varying spherical harmonic models and varve dated records from Northern Europe, we demonstrate greater variance and higher amplitudes—particularly at sub‐millennial timescales. This robust variability on centennial timescales is rarely observed or discussed, but is likely important to our understanding of some of the most intriguing aspects of the geodynamo.
A Comparison of Stratospheric Gravity Waves in a High‐Resolution General Circulation Model With 3‐D Satellite Observations
Authors: Okui H. , Wright C. J. , Hindley N. P. , Lear E. J. , Sato K.
Published: June 2023

Atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) play a key role in determining the thermodynamical structure of the Earth's middle atmosphere. Despite the small spatial and temporal scales of these waves, a few high‐top general circulation models (GCMs) that can resolve them explicitly have recently become available. This study compares global GW characteristics simulated in one such GCM, the Japanese Atmospheric GCM for Upper‐Atmosphere Research (JAGUAR), with those derived from three‐dimensional (3‐D) temperatures observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) aboard NASA's Aqua satellite. The target period is from 15 December 2018 to 8 January 2019, including the onset of a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). The 3‐D Stockwell transform method is used for GW spectral analysis. The amplitudes and momentum fluxes of GWs in JAGUAR are generally in good quantitative agreement with those in the AIRS observations in both magnitude and distribution. As the SSW event progressed, the GW amplitudes and eastward momentum flux increased at low latitudes in the summer hemisphere in both the model and observation datasets. Case studies demonstrate that the model is able to reproduce comparable wave events to those in the AIRS observations with some differences, especially noticeable at low latitudes in the summer hemisphere. Through a comparison between the model results with and without the AIRS observational filter applied, it is suggested that the amplitudes of GWs near the entrance or exit of an eastward jet streak are underestimated in AIRS observations.
Network analysis of comorbid depression, suicidality and biomarkers on HPA axis among mood disorder patients to psychiatric emergency services
Authors: Wang Yi-Fan , You Guang-yun , Han Tian , Liu Yi , Li Juan , Ji Xiao , Xie Xiao-meng
Published: June 2023

Rapid assessment and intervention of suicide risk are common and challenging in psychiatric emergency departments (PED). It is unclear whether distinct pathophysiological processes exist among depressive patients with suicidality. This study examined the network structures of biomarkers on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, such as Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and Corticosterone (Cort), as well as suicidality and depressive symptoms in mood disorder patients in PED. Mood disorder patients in PED were assessed with the measurements of suicidality and depressive symptoms, respectively. A network analysis was performed to identify central symptoms and bridge symptoms of this network and their links to ACTH and Cort. Network stability was examined using the case-dropping procedure. The Network Comparison Test (NCT) was conducted to evaluate whether network characteristics differed by gender. A total of 1815 mood disorder patients were recruited. The prevalence of SI was 31.2% (95% CI: 28.15–34.21%), SP was 30.4% (95% CI: 27.39–33.41%), SA was 30.62% (95% CI: 27.61–33.64%) among psychiatric outpatients. The mean score of HAMD-24 was 13.87 ± 8.02. Network analysis revealed that ‘Somatic anxiety’ had the highest expected centrality, followed by ‘Hopelessness’ and ‘Suicide attempt’. ‘Corticosterone’ and ‘Retardation’ may be the main bridge symptoms between depressive symptoms and the suicidality community. The network model showed a high degree of stability. Gender did not significantly influence the network structure. The central symptoms and key bridge symptoms identified could be potential targets for interventions of the HPA axis, which is designed for regular screening of a range of suicidal activity. In the light of this, timely treatment should be provided for psychiatric emergency care.
The structure of phosphatidylinositol remodeling MBOAT7 reveals its catalytic mechanism and enables inhibitor identification
Authors: Wang Kun , Lee Chia-Wei , Sui Xuewu , Kim Siyoung , Wang Shuhui , Higgs Aidan B. , Baublis Aaron J. , Voth Gregory A. , Liao Maofu , Walther Tobias C. , Farese Robert V.
Published: June 2023

Cells remodel glycerophospholipid acyl chains via the Lands cycle to adjust membrane properties. Membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) 7 acylates lyso-phosphatidylinositol (lyso-PI) with arachidonyl-CoA. MBOAT7 mutations cause brain developmental disorders, and reduced expression is linked to fatty liver disease. In contrast, increased MBOAT7 expression is linked to hepatocellular and renal cancers. The mechanistic basis of MBOAT7 catalysis and substrate selectivity are unknown. Here, we report the structure and a model for the catalytic mechanism of human MBOAT7. Arachidonyl-CoA and lyso-PI access the catalytic center through a twisted tunnel from the cytosol and lumenal sides, respectively. N-terminal residues on the ER lumenal side determine phospholipid headgroup selectivity: swapping them between MBOATs 1, 5, and 7 converts enzyme specificity for different lyso-phospholipids. Finally, the MBOAT7 structure and virtual screening enabled identification of small-molecule inhibitors that may serve as lead compounds for pharmacologic development.
All-organic polymeric materials with high refractive index and excellent transparency
Authors: Zhang Jie , Bai Tianwen , Liu Weixi , Li Mingzhao , Zang Qiguang , Ye Canbin , Sun Jing Zhi , Shi Yaocheng , Ling Jun , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: June 2023

High refractive index polymers (HRIPs) have drawn attention for their optoelectronic applications and HRIPs with excellent transparency and facile preparation are highly demanded. Herein, sulfur-containing all organic HRIPs with refractive indices up to 1.8433 at 589 nm and excellent optical transparency even in one hundred micrometre scale in the visual and RI region as well as high weight-average molecular weights (up to 44500) are prepared by our developed organobase catalyzed polymerization of bromoalkynes and dithiophenols in yields up to 92%. Notably, the fabricated optical transmission waveguides using the resultant HRIP with the highest refractive index display a reduced propagation loss compared with that generated by the commercial material of SU-8. In addition, the tetraphenylethylene containing polymer not only exhibits a reduced propagation loss, but also is used to examine the uniformity and continuity of optical waveguides with naked eyes because of its aggregation-induced emission feature.
Dimethyl fumarate and 4-octyl itaconate are anticoagulants that suppress Tissue Factor in macrophages via inhibition of Type I Interferon
Authors: Ryan Tristram A. J. , Hooftman Alexander , Rehill Aisling M. , Johansen Matt D. , Brien Eóin C. O’ , Toller-Kawahisa Juliana E. , Wilk Mieszko M. , Day Emily A. , Weiss Hauke J. , Sarvari Pourya , Vozza Emilio G. , Schramm Fabian , Peace Christian G. , Zotta Alessia , Miemczyk Stefan , Nalkurthi Christina , Hansbro Nicole G. , McManus Gavin , O’Doherty Laura , Gargan Siobhan , Long Aideen , Dunne Jean , Cheallaigh Clíona Ní , Conlon Niall , Carty Michael , Fallon Padraic G. , Mills Kingston H. G. , Creagh Emma M. , Donnell James S. O’ , Hertzog Paul J. , Hansbro Philip M. , McLoughlin Rachel M. , Wygrecka Małgorzata , Preston Roger J. S. , Zasłona Zbigniew , O’Neill Luke A. J.
Published: June 2023

Excessive inflammation-associated coagulation is a feature of infectious diseases, occurring in such conditions as bacterial sepsis and COVID-19. It can lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation, one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Recently, type I interferon (IFN) signaling has been shown to be required for tissue factor (TF; gene name F3) release from macrophages, a critical initiator of coagulation, providing an important mechanistic link between innate immunity and coagulation. The mechanism of release involves type I IFN-induced caspase-11 which promotes macrophage pyroptosis. Here we find that F3 is a type I IFN-stimulated gene. Furthermore, F3 induction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is inhibited by the anti-inflammatory agents dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI). Mechanistically, inhibition of F3 by DMF and 4-OI involves suppression of Ifnb1 expression. Additionally, they block type I IFN- and caspase-11-mediated macrophage pyroptosis, and subsequent TF release. Thereby, DMF and 4-OI inhibit TF-dependent thrombin generation. In vivo, DMF and 4-OI suppress TF-dependent thrombin generation, pulmonary thromboinflammation, and lethality induced by LPS, E. coli, and S. aureus, with 4-OI additionally attenuating inflammation-associated coagulation in a model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results identify the clinically approved drug DMF and the pre-clinical tool compound 4-OI as anticoagulants that inhibit TF-mediated coagulopathy via inhibition of the macrophage type I IFN-TF axis.
Globally consistent response of plant microbiome diversity across hosts and continents to soil nutrients and herbivores
Authors: Seabloom Eric W. , Caldeira Maria C. , Davies Kendi F. , Kinkel Linda , Knops Johannes M. H. , Komatsu Kimberly J. , MacDougall Andrew S. , May Georgiana , Millican Michael , Moore Joslin L. , Perez Luis I. , Porath-Krause Anita J. , Power Sally A. , Prober Suzanne M. , Risch Anita C. , Stevens Carly , Borer Elizabeth T.
Published: June 2023

All multicellular organisms host a diverse microbiome composed of microbial pathogens, mutualists, and commensals, and changes in microbiome diversity or composition can alter host fitness and function. Nonetheless, we lack a general understanding of the drivers of microbiome diversity, in part because it is regulated by concurrent processes spanning scales from global to local. Global-scale environmental gradients can determine variation in microbiome diversity among sites, however an individual host’s microbiome also may reflect its local micro-environment. We fill this knowledge gap by experimentally manipulating two potential mediators of plant microbiome diversity (soil nutrient supply and herbivore density) at 23 grassland sites spanning global-scale gradients in soil nutrients, climate, and plant biomass. Here we show that leaf-scale microbiome diversity in unmanipulated plots depended on the total microbiome diversity at each site, which was highest at sites with high soil nutrients and plant biomass. We also found that experimentally adding soil nutrients and excluding herbivores produced concordant results across sites, increasing microbiome diversity by increasing plant biomass, which created a shaded microclimate. This demonstration of consistent responses of microbiome diversity across a wide range of host species and environmental conditions suggests the possibility of a general, predictive understanding of microbiome diversity.
Catalytic asymmetric oxa-Diels–Alder reaction of acroleins with simple alkenes
Authors: Zeng Lei , Liu Shihan , Lan Yu , Gao Lizhu
Published: June 2023

The catalytic asymmetric inverse-electron-demand oxa-Diels–Alder (IODA) reaction is a highly effective synthetic method for creating enantioenriched six-membered oxygen-containing heterocycles. Despite significant effort in this area, simple α,β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones and nonpolarized alkenes are seldom utilized as substrates due to their low reactivity and difficulties in achieving enantiocontrol. This report describes an intermolecular asymmetric IODA reaction between α-bromoacroleins and neutral alkenes that is catalyzed by oxazaborolidinium cation 1f. The resulting dihydropyrans are produced in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities over a broad range of substrates. The use of acrolein in the IODA reaction produces 3,4-dihydropyran with an unoccupied C6 position in the ring structure. This unique feature is utilized in the efficient synthesis of (+)-Centrolobine, demonstrating the practical synthetic utility of this reaction. Additionally, the study found that 2,6-trans-tetrahydropyran can undergo efficient epimerization into 2,6-cis-tetrahydropyran under Lewis acidic conditions. This structural core is widespread in natural products.
Critical role of biomass burning aerosols in enhanced historical Indian Ocean warming
Authors: Tian Yiqun , Hu Shineng , Deser Clara
Published: June 2023

The tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) has experienced enhanced surface warming relative to the tropical mean during the past century, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we use single-forcing, large-ensemble coupled model simulations to demonstrate that changes of biomass burning (BMB) aerosols have played a critical role in this TIO relative warming. Although the BMB aerosol changes have little effect on global mean temperatures due to regional cancellation, they significantly influence the pattern of warming over the tropical oceans. The reduction of BMB aerosols over the Indian subcontinent induces a TIO warming, while the increase of BMB aerosols over South America and Africa causes a cooling of the tropical Pacific and Atlantic, respectively. The resultant TIO relative warming leads to prominent global climate changes, including a westward expanded Indo-Pacific warm pool, a fresher TIO due to enhanced rainfall, and an intensified North Atlantic jet stream affecting European hydroclimate.
The role of climate change and urban development on compound dry-hot extremes across US cities
Authors: Ghanbari Mahshid , Arabi Mazdak , Georgescu Matei , Broadbent Ashley M.
Published: June 2023

Compound dry-hot extreme (CDHE) events pose greater risks to the environment, society, and human health than their univariate counterparts. Here, we project decadal-length changes in the frequency and duration of CDHE events for major U.S. cities during the 21st century. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled to an urban canopy parameterization, we find a considerable increase in the frequency and duration of future CDHE events across all U.S. major cities under the compound effect of high-intensity GHG- and urban development-induced warming. Our results indicate that while GHG-induced warming is the primary driver of the increased frequency and duration of CDHE events, urban development amplifies this effect and should not be neglected. Furthermore, We show that the highest frequency amplification of major CDHE events is expected for U.S. cities across the Great Plains South, Southwest, and the southern part of the Northwest National Climate Assessment regions.
Manipulating hydrogen bond dissociation rates and mechanisms in water dimer through vibrational strong coupling
Authors: Yu Qi , Bowman Joel M.
Published: June 2023

The vibrational strong coupling (VSC) between molecular vibrations and cavity photon modes has recently emerged as a promising tool for influencing chemical reactivities. Despite numerous experimental and theoretical efforts, the underlying mechanism of VSC effects remains elusive. In this study, we combine state-of-art quantum cavity vibrational self-consistent field/configuration interaction theory (cav-VSCF/VCI), quasi-classical trajectory method, along with the quantum-chemical CCSD(T)-level machine learning potential, to simulate the hydrogen bond dissociation dynamics of water dimer under VSC. We observe that manipulating the light-matter coupling strength and cavity frequencies can either inhibit or accelerate the dissociation rate. Furthermore, we discover that the cavity surprisingly modifies the vibrational dissociation channels, with a pathway involving both water fragments in their ground vibrational states becoming the major channel, which is a minor one when the water dimer is outside the cavity. We elucidate the mechanisms behind these effects by investigating the critical role of the optical cavity in modifying the intramolecular and intermolecular coupling patterns. While our work focuses on single water dimer system, it provides direct and statistically significant evidence of VSC effects on molecular reaction dynamics.
Hierarchical entanglement shells of multichannel Kondo clouds
Authors: Shim Jeongmin , Kim Donghoon , Sim H.-S.
Published: June 2023

Impurities or boundaries often impose nontrivial boundary conditions on a gapless bulk, resulting in distinct boundary universality classes for a given bulk, phase transitions, and non-Fermi liquids in diverse systems. The underlying boundary states however remain largely unexplored. This is related with a fundamental issue how a Kondo cloud spatially forms to screen a magnetic impurity in a metal. Here we predict the quantum-coherent spatial and energy structure of multichannel Kondo clouds, representative boundary states involving competing non-Fermi liquids, by studying quantum entanglement between the impurity and the channels. Entanglement shells of distinct non-Fermi liquids coexist in the structure, depending on the channels. As temperature increases, the shells become suppressed one by one from the outside, and the remaining outermost shell determines the thermal phase of each channel. Detection of the entanglement shells is experimentally feasible. Our findings suggest a guide to studying other boundary states and boundary-bulk entanglement.
Coordination modulation of hydrated zinc ions to enhance redox reversibility of zinc batteries
Authors: Chen Song , Ji Deluo , Chen Qianwu , Ma Jizhen , Hou Shaoqi , Zhang Jintao
Published: June 2023

The dendrite growth of zinc and the side reactions including hydrogen evolution often degrade performances of zinc-based batteries. These issues are closely related to the desolvation process of hydrated zinc ions. Here we show that the efficient regulation on the solvation structure and chemical properties of hydrated zinc ions can be achieved by adjusting the coordination micro-environment with zinc phenolsulfonate and tetrabutylammonium 4-toluenesulfonate as a family of electrolytes. The theoretical understanding and in-situ spectroscopy analysis revealed that the favorable coordination of conjugated anions involved in hydrogn bond network minimizes the activate water molecules of hydrated zinc ion, thus improving the zinc/electrolyte interface stability to suppress the dendrite growth and side reactions. With the reversibly cycling of zinc electrode over 2000 h with a low overpotential of 17.7 mV, the full battery with polyaniline cathode demonstrated the impressive cycling stability for 10000 cycles. This work provides inspiring fundamental principles to design advanced electrolytes under the dual contributions of solvation modulation and interface regulation for high-performing zinc-based batteries and others.
A polyamine acetyltransferase regulates the motility and biofilm formation of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Armalytė Julija , Čepauskas Albinas , Šakalytė Gabija , Martinkus Julius , Skerniškytė Jūratė , Martens Chloé , Sužiedėlienė Edita , Garcia-Pino Abel , Jurėnas Dukas
Published: June 2023

Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen highly resistant to environmental changes and antimicrobial treatments. Regulation of cellular motility and biofilm formation is important for its virulence, although it is poorly described at the molecular level. It has been previously reported that Acinetobacter genus specifically produces a small positively charged metabolite, polyamine 1,3-diaminopropane, that has been associated with cell motility and virulence. Here we show that A. baumannii encodes novel acetyltransferase, Dpa, that acetylates 1,3-diaminopropane, directly affecting the bacterium motility. Expression of dpa increases in bacteria that form pellicle and adhere to eukaryotic cells as compared to planktonic bacterial cells, suggesting that cell motility is linked to the pool of non-modified 1,3-diaminopropane. Indeed, deletion of dpa hinders biofilm formation and increases twitching motion confirming the impact of balancing the levels of 1,3-diaminopropane on cell motility. The crystal structure of Dpa reveals topological and functional differences from other bacterial polyamine acetyltransferases, adopting a β-swapped quaternary arrangement similar to that of eukaryotic polyamine acetyltransferases with a central size exclusion channel that sieves through the cellular polyamine pool. The structure of catalytically impaired DpaY128F in complex with the reaction product shows that binding and orientation of the polyamine substrates are conserved between different polyamine-acetyltransferases.