bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and refinement of design parameters of the machine-tractor unit based on the tractor K-744R-05
Authors: Antipin V. P , Valyazhonkov V. D , Durmanov M. Ya , Kulikov V. N , Mikhaylov A. O
Published: April 2022

In accordance with the functional purpose of the designed tractor, the type and parameters of the transmission are selected according to the terms of reference. However, dynamic loading introduces adjustments to the parameters of the machine-tractor unit. For example, in the transport mode on the surface of the state of the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the tangential traction force of the tractor K-744P-05 at a regular speed υо = 3,6 m/s, the gear ratio of the transmission iт = 35,35, at a frequency ω = 8,0 S-1, the amplitude increases to 16.62 kN, accompanied by a «galloping» of the machine-tractor unit. The surface of the amplitude-frequency characteristic is obtained by calculation, and the transmission is adopted as a «stepless variator», limited by the gear ratio iт = 126,10 and iт = 20,30. This allows you to refine the amplitude of the oscillations between the nearest gear stages and adjust the gear ratios of iт value. The phase-frequency characteristics of the components of the dynamic component of the tangential pulling force are also calculated: inertial forces and forces from oscillations of the machine-tractor unit in the longitudinal-vertical plane. It was found that with the decrease in the center-to-center distance by 12,5 % (up to 2,8 m), the amplitude increased by 0,49 kN (2,9 %), and the amount of energy expended - up to 103,2 kJ / s, which is more by 14,46 kJ / s (14,0 %) than at the nominal interaxial distance l = 3,2 m. At the interaxial distance increased by 25 % (from 3,2 to 4,0 m), the amplitude decreased by 0,6 KN (3,6 %), and the amount of energy by 16,4 kJ / s (18,5 %). The increase in the phase delay of forces from oscillations of the machine-tractor aggregate in the longitudinally vertical plane from 45 to 59,9° reduces dynamic loading, and the reduction in the phase of inertial forces from 13,6 to 12,8° continues to support «galloping». After adjusting the transmission ratio of the transmission in the first gear of the fourth mode from iт = 35,8 to iт = 29,42, the regular component of the tangential traction force was decreased by 7,1 kN (17,9 %); total power consumption by 23,4 kW (9,7 %); hour fuel consumption by 5,2 kg / h; the oil consumption on the burn by 56 g/h. Simultaneously, the speed of movement increased by 0,77 m/s (21,6 %).
The experimental setup for the study of soil-working bodies
Authors: Bozhko I. V , Parkhomenko G. G , Gromakov A. V , Maksimenko V. A , Kambulov S. I
Published: April 2022

The final verification of the performed calculations on the adequacy of the stated hypothesis on the phenomenon being studied is the experiment. Using the method of monographic examination of known bearing systems, the design of an experimental setup for conducting field experimental studies of the working organs of tillage machines was developed. When conducting experimental studies, methods of energy assessment, estimation of technical parameters in accordance with state standards, and methods of full-scale experiment using modern computer diagnostic tools and software are used. The experimental installation for studying the working organs of soil-cultivating machines of the proposed construction includes a frame, support wheels with the possibility of adjusting the depth of soil cultivation by means of a screw mechanism, the attachment mechanism, a hinged mechanism with the fastening of the test organ, the fixing mechanism of the measuring sensor and rigidly fixed to the frame of the apparatus working body to create conditions for the real technological process of functioning. When the system moves through the experimental section, the analog data of the traction resistance read from the measuring sensor is transmitted to the amplifier, from where it is fed through the channel to the analog-to-digital converter board, then the digitized data is fed to the personal computer. It is established that the relative error in the data of the experimental determination of the parameters and indices of the technological process of the working organs of soil-cultivating machines when using the proposed experimental installation with a measuring complex does not exceed 4 % of the results of theoretical studies. The experimental installation allows to carry out investigations in the field conditions with imitation of the real process of operation of the designed tiller machine.
Increase of durability and wear resistance of internal combustion engine parts by changing their design features
Authors: Kochenov V. A , Grunin K. E
Published: April 2022

Based on the patterns of wear, change and redistribution of loads during operation, design solutions have been developed to improve the durability and wear resistance of tribo-joints of the crank mechanism and the cylinder-piston group of the internal combustion engine. With a variety and dispersion of factors determining durability and wear resistance, the change in wear and wear intension during the operation has a pronounced regular character. Theoretical coupling does not have a run-in period - optimal, i.e. the obtained geometric parameters of the friction pair are created during the machining of friction surfaces of the parts. Due to the lack of a run-in period, the theoretical resource - produced with the expected parameters, the more effective the actual unattended interface. As a rule, friction surfaces of machine parts have a pronounced, natural, regular wear. Deviations from natural wear (unnatural wear) are caused by: severe working conditions without violating the rules of operation; violation of technical conditions -defective products in manufacture and in operation; imperfect design due to insufficient knowledge of the problem and mistakenly defined technical conditions for production and operation. The efficiency of restoring the efficiency of the cylinder-piston group by replacing the rings without replacement of the cylinders is investigated on a 4-stroke, 4-cylinder engine ZMZ-402. In two cylinders pistons and rings change, in the other two only rings. In the cylinders with old pistons, the running-in proceeds more intensively. At the end of cold running-in, compression in cylinders with old pistons is higher than in cylinders with new pistons. Efficiency is achieved due to a greater correspondence of the geometric parameters of tribo-conjugations with old pistons to its accumulated values. The analysis of field studies confirms the legitimacy of the hypothesis of the theoretical study.
The matter of extreme national importance
Authors: Kolchin N. N , Zvolinskiy V. N
Published: April 2022

It is reported on the history of the development of the domestic agricultural machinery industry. It is noted that the beginning of the modern development of the industry was laid down by the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of April 1, 1921, in which it is recognized as «... a matter of extreme national importance». It sets out a set of measures to create the industry as the basis for the de-velopment of the country's agriculture. The head institute All-Union scientific research Institute of agri-cultural engineering (VISKhOM), profile research institution, leading specialized design bureaus, student design bureaus and various factories are being created in different regions of the country. Being the lead-ing complex center for scientific research and practical development of new and promising agricultural technology, including the training of scientific personnel, the Institute VISKhOM played a major role in the development of domestic agricultural machinery and integrated mechanization of the country's agri-culture in the 20s and 30s, in its restoration to Postwar years of the last century. Achievement in 1947 of pre-war production of agricultural machinery. It is noted that the Institute VISKhOM developed and pro-duced in the industry a large number of new machines; many monographs and collections of articles and other scientific papers have been published, scientific and technical reports on the results of their imple-mentation of R&D have been compiled. Scientific and technical assistance was provided to design bu-reaus and factories of the industry in the creation and production of new equipment, according to method-ological and normative documentation. Significant is its contribution to the development and implemen-ta-tion of systems of machinery and technology in the country's agriculture. The UN General Assembly rec-ognized the need to increase the world's food production. Russia has a unique agrarian potential and can provide itself with quality, renewable products and its supply to the world market. It is noted that a number of problems of the domestic agro-industrial complex remain unresolved, for example, its insufficient support by the state, the liquidation of scientific research institutes of the industry, including VISKhOM and a number of factories. There is a need for a large-scale revival of the domestic agricultural machinery industry as an effective scientific and production system for the creation and production of modern ma-chinery of high quality and reliability for our agriculture with an extensive set of crops and with various technologies. The future of Russia's agriculture is the use of modern machine technologies as the basis for the country's food security and the competitiveness of Russian food in the domestic and world markets.
Exper-imental study of the characteristics of tractor pneumatic tires
Authors: Parkhomenko S. G , Parkhomenko G. G
Published: April 2022

One of the factors affecting the performance indicators of machine-tractor units is the perfection of the movers, among which the wheeled ones are dominant. Optimization of the parameters of the pneumatic tire as one of the elements of the oscillatory system and the main element of wheeled mover is one of the directions of increasing the efficiency of operation of machine-tractor units. The investigations were carried out with the aim of developing an effective technique for the experimental determination of the elastically damping, deformation, traction characteristics of tractor pneumatic tires, which makes it possible to correctly compare their various variants. In the course of experimental studies, the characteristics of pneumatic tires of size 16.9-30 radial (serial) model F-39 and diagonally parallel (experimental) structures were studied. Facility for testing pneumatic tires (tire tester) allows to perform the determination of the required indicators in real operating conditions. The developed technique of experimental researches allows to define necessary characteristics of pneumatic tires, to carry out comparisons of various variants. The deformation characteristics of pneumatic tires in the general case of their loading show that they experience longitudinal, torsional and radial deformations. The presence in 16.9R30 serial tire in contrast to the 16.9-30DP experimental tire of radial deformation directed from the wheel axis in the zone in front of the contact surface under the driving rolling mode causes large hysteresis losses in it. The experimental traction characteristics of pneumatic tires show a higher efficiency of the diagonal-parallel 16.9-30DP tire and its less slipping, which predetermines less abrasion of the soil with this type of tire. It has been established that the application of the experimental tires
Technical characteristics and agrotechnical indices of work of tillage machines
Authors: Nesmiyan A. Yu
Published: April 2022

The study presents the results of analysis of the characteristics of modern tractors and tillage tools. The data obtained make it possible to assess the energy, economic, technical and shunting indices of the relevant aggregates, and can be used as a starting point in calculating the rational composition of the ma-chine and tractor fleet of agrarian enterprises. It is established that the dependencies and masses of trac-tors and the power of their engines on traction can be described with high accuracy by linear equations. On average, the mass of tracked tractors is 11 %, and the engine power is 27 % smaller than that of the cor-responding wheeled tractors. However, with a higher traction coefficient and low pressure on the soil, caterpillar tractors are less maneuverable, universal and, most importantly, less ergonomic, which hampers their wide application. With rational aggregation, such characteristics of the work of soil-cultivating units as working speed, specific fuel consumption, the utilization factor of the shift time do not actually depend on the traction class of the tractor. With an increase in the traction class of the tractor, the specific metal consumption of the implements being mounted with it increases. The difference is especially noticeable in the case of combined guns and «craters», for which a hypothetical transition from a class 1.4 tractor to a class 8 tractor led to an increase in the estimated specific material consumption by 3,7 and 3,4 times, respectively. The increase in productivity with the increase in the tractor class in most cases occurs with a delay. This allows us to conclude that the only advantage of introducing wide-angle aggregates is the reduction of the required number of operators. For the rest of the parameters, the machine with a wide-cut implement has no advantage over a group of machines with tools of identical total width.
Production testing of the new method of mechanical harvesting of cabbage
Authors: Alatyrev S. S , Yurkin A. P , Kruchinkina I. S , Alatyrev A. S
Published: April 2022

White cabbage is a traditional vegetable crop in Russia, easily damaged by mechanical influences. In addition, cleaning is accompanied by significant labor and material costs. Taking into account the above-mentioned features, a new method for mechanized harvesting of cabbage was proposed, where cabbage heads are firstly aligned in the row by lifters, then they are forwarded under the clamping belt, where afterwards they are fixed and cut. Cut-off heads are forwarded by outside-mounted and clamping transporters on to a sorting transporter-cutter. On the sorting transporter-cutter, the heads are inspected. Workers pick out cabbage with long cabbage stumps and rosette leaves and insert them into the holes of the plate-shaped army duck transporter-cutter, where they are re-cut when passing through the passive knife. As a result, the rosette leaves are separated from the heads, and the cut-out cabbage stumps slide down the tray to the ground. Further, the heads and loose leaves, separated from the heads after repeated cutting enter the rod elevator, where leaves are again cut off, and the heads are sent for shipment. Unlike the traditional method of harvesting cabbage, head of cabbage are shipped by a cabbage harvesting machine first to a flexible trough floor, mounted on a special rack on the vehicle platform above the removable containers. Then, the heads from the flooring are gently transferred to containers for subsequent storage in them. After filling the containers, the vehicle is sent to a storage facility where, with a forklift truck, the loaded containers are replaced by empty ones, leaving the flexible deck with the platform rack for the next cycle of work. In the harvest season of 2017, the proposed technology for mechanized harvesting of cabbage was tested in the production conditions of LLC «Chapaevskoye» in the Mari El Republic. The conducted production tests confirmed the conformity of the products to the agrotechnical requirements and the possibility of organizing the harvesting process continuously in a sparing mode.
Gimazetdinov R.R., Malozemov A.A., Kukis V.S. Diesel-generator plant with the recovery of waste heat of the piston engine
Authors: Gimazetdinov R. R , Malozemov A. A , Kukis V. S
Published: April 2022

The subject of the investigation was the waste heat recovery system of a small-scale heat electropower station that can be used as stationary and primary, reserve or additional source of electrical and thermal energy. The object of the investigation was the waste heat recovery system of the diesel engine D 180 and the small-scale heat electropower station on the basis of the diesel generator plant DGU-100C produced by JSC «ChTZ». The aim of the investigation was an experimental estimation of the efficient use of the diesel engine’s waste heat recovery system. The recovery system was consisted of an original heat exchanger for the recovery of the waste heat of the diesel engine’s cooling system, the waste heat of the lubricating system, the centers of which is made in a common housing, and the heat exchanger for the recovery of the exhaust gases waste heat from the diesel engine (pre-heater boiler PZD-600). The article presents the small-scale heat electropower station’s arrangement with the waste heat recovery system, the original heat exchanger arrangement and a scheme of the small-scale heat electropower station with the waste heat recovery system. The principle of operation of the proposed system is described. In comparison with the known constructions, in the proposed cogeneration power plant there is no need to separately regulate the temperature of the cooling liquid and the lubricating oil at the inlet to the piston internal combustion engine and the necessity to use an additional liquid-oil heat exchanger or oil cooler in the operation of the cogeneration plant without thermal load. Collectively, it was ensured a reduction of the complexity, material consumption and overall dimensions of the recovery system and the cogeneration power plant in general. The absolute economic effect from the using of the waste heat recovery system is 240…300 thousand rubles for the engine life, specific - 22…28 rubles/h. The payback period of the waste heat recovery system is less than a year. The obtained results convincingly indicate the economic feasibility of implementing the proposed system of waste heat recovery of the diesel engine D 180 of a small-scale heat electropower station based on the DGU-100S.
Analysis of hydrodynamic characteristics of sprays of nozzles of ICE
Authors: Altukhov S. V , Shukhanov S. N
Published: April 2022

The automotive and tractor machinery plays an important role in technical support of agro-industrial complex at the present stage of development of agricultural production. The main energy source of these vehicles are internal combustion engines, which work is influenced highly by spraying nozzles. A comprehensive study of the qualitative indicators of their functioning allowed authors to find new practical and theoretical solutions. In the study of the hydrodynamic characteristics of spraying nozzles, a theoretical analysis was used. When replacing bayonet sprinklers in the vortex chamber diesel with multi-jet, the hydrodynamic parameters of the fuel injection process were performed. Three types of sprays were tested. The studied sprayers differ from each other in the size of a flow section, mass of a needle, the sizes and a location the holes. It causes various sizes of delivery pressure of fuel, an oscillation frequency of a needle of the sprayer and other parameters. The received calculated dependences show that with increase in a flow section with a constant residual pressure critical pressure of a wave of supply of fuel increases. So with a residual pressure of 3 MPas critical pressure of a wave makes respectively 10, 14,4, 16,7 MPas for sprays of three types. Increase in residual pressure causes increase in critical pressure of a supply wave. Due to the need of increase in critical pressure of a fuel supply wave for multiple-jet sprayers (in comparison with bayonet) we will consider influence of the nozzle spring tension pressure on the needle opening delay time. Results of calculation of delay of opening of a needle of a nozzle for bayonet and multiple-jet sprays are presented. Studies show that the size of delay of raising of a needle of a nozzle with the multiple-jet spray with a pressure of the beginning of injection Pz = 15 mpa is closest to delay size for the bayonet spray. The result revealed that the frequency of natural oscillations and their duration slightly differ from each other (no more than 5 %). Hence it can be assumed that the use of the experimental sprayers will not exert the considerable impact on operation of sprayers from the point of view of vibration characteristics.
Innovative technology of reconstruction and remediation of forest shelter belts
Authors: Kulik K. N , Bartenev I. M
Published: April 2022

Field protecting forest belts are nowadays destroyed and require reconstruction and remediation, which means that it is necessary to completely remove the disturbed rows, then prepare the soil and all subsequent silvicultural works, the performance of which with the use of technologies and machinery borrowed from forestry will not yield significant positive results. The technology based on modern achievements in the field of mechanization, including the transformation of the aerial part of the tree-shrub mass into chips and mixing it with the upper soil layer using mobile rotary type mulchers moving at speeds up to 5 km/h; removal of stumps remaining in the soil with a KND-1.1 continuous lifter; collection and removal of uprooted stumps by the picker skidder universal PTU-2.1 is proposed. The KND-1.1 uplifter cuts stumps, shakes them off the soil and leaves them at a speed of 3...5 km/h on the surface with a continuous movement at a speed of 3…5 km/h, 30 times higher than used at KSP-20 uproader. KND-1.1 and PTU-2.1 is a fleet of technical equipment linked to each other in terms of performance. A positive element is that KND-1.1 not only removes stumps, but at the same time prepares the soil for planting in a strip 1,1 m wide and 0,4...0,5 m deep, excluding the use of a plow, a cultivator or a harrow, thereby reducing metal intensity and energy intensity of stumping and soil preparation by 9 and 6 times, respectively.
Modeling the movement control of a wheeled agricultural machine in real time
Authors: Nenajdenko A. S , Poddubnyj V. I , Valekzhanin A. I
Published: April 2022

The research, which purpose is the development of a motion control system for wheeled agricultural machines, is conducted in Polzunov Altai State Technical University. One of the most important steps in this case is the testing of the developed control algorithms. It is advisable to replace the field trials by real-time motion modeling, which allows to significantly reduce financial and time costs. The developed control algorithm can be conditionally divided into global and local regulation. Global regulation must determine the angle of rotation of the steered wheels (or the angle of the frame break) by a deviation from the specified trajectory, which ensures the motion along the specified trajectory. Input parameters are the specified path of motion, the current coordinates of the machine and the projection of speed on fixed axes. Local control provides the implementation of the set value of the angle of rotation of the steered wheels. To the input of the local adjustment program is given the values of the set and current angles of rotation of the wheels and the direction of rotation of the electric motor of the maneuvering device. The algorithm for determining the required angle of rotation of the wheels is based on the method of predicting the position of the wheeled vehicle through the predetermined forecast time. In real-time tests, the wheeled vehicle is replaced by its mathematical model, obtained using the differential equations of plane motion. The complex of equipment provides registration and generation of the necessary parameters for the operation of the control system in real time. The tests were carried out on the experimental stand «steering - front suspension of the vehicle». The front steerable wheels were rotated by an electromechanical maneuvering device to an angle providing movement along a given trajectory. The motion along rectilinear and curvilinear trajectories was modeled taking into account perturbations from the side of the support surface and without them. When moving along a curvilinear trajectory, the deviation from the specified trajectory does not exceed 0,3 meters at a speed of 3,33 m/s. Based on the results of the experiments, it was established that the implemented control algorithm ensures motion along a given trajectory with a sufficient degree of accuracy.
Force analysis of the mechanisms of tillage machines working elements following a specified path
Authors: Parkhomenko G. G , Parkhomenko S. G
Published: April 2022

During the soil tillage in the rows of perennial plantations, the working elements have to move in the transverse direction while traversing of the bole. The specified path of the working elements movement is determined by the required protective zone. The specified path of the working elements movement at minimum energy costs for the technological process of soil tillage implementation should be observed. The working elements movement is carried out by a four-bar linkage, controlled by a hydraulic drive. Energy costs depend on forced effort, applied to the driving link of mechanism and soil resistance forces, acting on the working elements in the form of distributed load. The forced effort is proportional to the created pressure in the hydraulic drive. The energy costs can be reduced by using soil resistance forces acting on the working elements. Under a certain ratio of the movement mechanism parameters, the working elements under the action of soil resistance forces, tend to a row of perennial plantations and are retained in it without the usage of the hydraulic drive. The aim of the investigation is to justify a method of reducing the energy costs for the implementation of the technological process of soil tillage by analyzing the mechanisms of the working elements movement. The crane mechanisms, trapezoidal, parallelogram, cultivator H-7 of «Holder» company, movements of the left-handed, right-handed and symmetrical working elements were subjected to the research. A reduction in energy consumption is possible when moving the trapezoidal mechanism of the left-handed or right-handed, as well as the symmetrical working elements. Other mechanisms are characterized by additional energy costs as well. The main part of the energy is spent for retraction by means of hydraulic drive of working elements from a number of plantations. The retraction of the left-handed or right-handed, as well as of the symmetrical working elements in a row is carried out under the action of soil resistance forces by a trapezoidal mechanism with the ratio of the links 1:0,448:0,325:0,896:1,563.
The influence of the properties of materials used to make the working bodies of the stripper header on the quality of the performed process
Authors: Bur'yanov M. A , Chervyakov I. V , Bur'yanov A. I
Published: April 2022

The aim of the inveatigations is to develop the main provisions of the procedure for determining the influence of material properties on the example of steel and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW PE) when they are used to fabricate or cover the outer and inner surfaces of the fairing and the combing teeth of the header, on the quality of the process performed by it. The dependencies and regularities that are integral parts of the previously developed mathematical model of the process of combing grain crops with a single-barrel header are used in the article. As a result of solving the equations, data on the normal and tangential components of the speed of movement of the ear and grain after contact with the test surfaces were obtained. Upon contact with the external surface of the fairing that material would be preferred which the movement along is accompanied by a lower value of the frictional force. During a rebound from the combing tooth and the inner surface of the fairing, the best material is the speed of rebound of the grain from which is higher. The value of the normal forces pressing the ear of winter wheat to the contacting surface was determined in an experimental plant simulating the process of combing the reaper. The coefficient of static friction and motion and the coefficient of recovery upon contact with the surfaces of steel and UHMW PE ears and winter wheat’s grains were determined at its moisture content of 9 %. It has been established that at a header speed of 3 m/s, the frictional force pressing the ear to the outer surface of the fairing from UHMW PE is 1,75 times less than on the steel. After contact with the tooth, the rebound speed of the grain is higher, if it is made of steel. For the accepted characteristics of the harvested plants and the operating conditions of the header, when the grains come into contact with the inner surface of the fairing from the UHMW PE within the friction angle, the loss of grain velocity after the collision is less than on the steel, with the exception of contact with direct impact. Compensation for the reduction in speed within a direct impact on the inner surface of the fairing which is made of UHMW PE can be achieved by varying the angle of inclination of the combing teeth on the drum.
Mathematical modeling of functioning of a tillage machine-tractor unit
Authors: Parhomenko S. G , Parhomenko G. G
Published: April 2022

The soil-cultivating machine-tractor unit undergoes continuously changing external influences that lead to fluctuations in the speed of movement, slippage of the tractor's driving wheels, loading of the transmission, and increased fuel consumption. The main sources of disturbances that cause the oscillations of the tractor are the unevenness of the traction resistance of the tillers and the unevenness of the field microprofile. The purpose of the research is to improve the process of functioning of the soil-processing machine-tractor unit by modeling of the influence of external action. The mathematical model of the process of operation of a wheeled tractor in the traction mode of operation is a machine-tractor unit in the form of a dynamic system with two input forces, determined by the load on the working elements and the roughness of the relief. The mathematical model includes the equations of the motor and the regulator, the clutch, the power transmission, the driving wheel and the longitudinal-vertical oscillations of the tractor. The solution of the mathematical model of the machine-tractor unit is based on the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical integration method at a constant step. Calculations are made for the motion of the unit with periodic sinusoidal disturbances applied to the input of the model. As a result of calculations, it is determined that the effect of the microfield of the field and the traction resistance of the working bodies on the performance of the machine-tractor unit is different. The greatest amplitudes of vertical accelerations are achieved due to the effect of field unevenness. Fluctuations in the speed of movement, hectare fuel consumption, engine torque are caused by the periodic component of traction resistance of low frequency, and slippage and driving torque of the wheels - as well as unevenness of the field microfilm. The average values of the slippage of the tractor's driving wheels and hectare fuel consumption are mainly affected by the oscillations of the traction resistance. The use of diagonal-parallel tires instead of radial makes it possible to reduce the slipping of the tractor's drive wheels from 24 % (when working on serial tires) to 16 % (on test tires) and to reduce the hectare fuel consumption by 6 %.
To determine the optimal tilt angle of the lattice holes of the bottom of the inclined chamber
Authors: Ozhereliev V. N , Nikitin V. V
Published: April 2022

According to the results of laboratory experiments, the optimal angle of inclination of the holes of the lattice bottom of the inclined chamber of the combine harvester is established, which provides maximum separation of free grain from the combed grain heap before it enters the grind chamber. This allows you to minimize the intake of free grain to the threshing device, securely eliminating the probability of crushing the working bodies grind. Studies were carried out on wheat varieties «Moscow 56». The grain moisture content was about 12%. The speed of the conveyor 3 m/s and the angle of inclination to the horizon of 45° correspond to similar parameters for most modern combine harvesters. The angle of inclination of the lattice bottom opening had seven levels of variation within 0-90°. The feed of the combed grain heap was about 10 kg/s with a content of 80 % free grain. The length of the removable grating bottom was 0.95 m, and its rectangular holes had a size of 160×8 mm. To eliminate the effect on the output parameter, the area of the «live section» of the holes of the lattice bottom in all series of the experiment was taken the same. Thus, results of scientific researches, increasing of the angle of inclination amounts of free grain passed through the holes of the bottom lattice is reduced, and the number came down from his grain, on the contrary, increases. The maximum separation of free grain 68,7 % corresponds to the angle of inclination of the holes equal to 0°. To ensure complete separation of free grain from the combed grain heap, the length of the separating surface must be at least 1,18 m. This technical solution can be implemented, for example, in the inclined chamber of the grain harvester KZS-1218 «Polissya GS-12», which has a length of about 1,3 m.
The investigation of thinning of a layer of the long-fibred flax stems in a channel with adjustable cross-section
Authors: Romanov V. A , Novikov E. H.V , Bezbabchenko A. V
Published: April 2022

The rise in the proportion of long fiber in the commodity output of the primary processing enterprises of the fiber flax is an important task, the solution of which is necessary to increase the efficiency of the flax growing. More than half of the losses of long fiber cause a poor quality of preparation of a layer of flax retting to the processing. The technological processes of the existing layer preparation technology can not be adapted to the changed raw material parameters for the roll-up harvesting of the flax. In this regard, the urgency of the development of individual processes and a new technology in general for the preparation of a layer fed to the milling machine of the production line. The main technological process of layer preparation is its thinning. The linear density of the initial layer varies widely. To bring it to a technologically rational value, the equipment must provide a regulation of the coefficient of thinning. It is possible to provide this by using a thinning channel with adjustable cross-section. For its justification in the investigations the aim has been set to determine the influence of the structural and technological factors on the coefficient of thinning of the layer of flax. The investigations were carried out using active experiments on the prototype of this type of thinning channel created in VNIIML. The independent factors were: the linear density of the initial layer; linear velocity of the layer at the output from the thinning channel; height of the channel at the input and output from it. Two versions of the channel implementation are used: from one type of toothed discs with a number of teeth of 40 pieces.; combined - from two types of discs in equal proportion to the number of teeth 40 and 48 pcs. A significant influence on the thinning coefficient of the channel height layer at the input and output, as well as the linear density of the initial layer is determined. The possibility of adjusting the coefficient of thinning the layer by changing the cross-section of the thinning channel. It is established that the number of teeth on the thinning disks and the structure of the thinning channel exert a significant influence on the process of thinning the layer in the channels with free fixation of the stems. Mathematical models that adequately describe the influence on the coefficient of thinning of the investigated factors are presented. Conclusions are formulated about rational parameters of the thinning channel with a controlled cross-section and the expediency of its application for the thinning of the layer of flax.
Application of differentiated tillage
Authors: Fedorov S. E
Published: April 2022

The main indicator of the physical state of soils is the density of structure. When comparing the values of the equilibrium and optimal soil density for agricultural crops, the need of one or another mechanical treatment is determined. This suggests that at present the soil treatment system can not be uniform, universal, equally suitable and effective at different points in the field. It must be differentiated, adapted to soil and climatic conditions. Proceeding from the above, there appeared the idea of the need to create a combined cultivator for differentiated soil cultivation, which provided the desired predictable process of work under accomplished conditions. The purpose of the study is to reduce energy costs, improve the quality of surface preparation of the soil through the application of differentiated tillage without reducing yields. Field studies on determining density and hardness of the soil were carried out at a temperature of + 20 ± 2 °C at different depths (0 ... 10, 10 ... 20, 20 ... 30 and 30 ... 40 cm) and repeated 4 times for each depth to determine the average values of the amplitudes. The moisture content of the soil during the treatment varied from 20 % to 26 %. The limiting relative error in the measurement was 5 %. When examining the hardness and density of the soil, one point (as one dimension) was laid on 4 ... 5 hectare. The results of the studies showed that the hardness and density of the soil in different points of the field are different. Over time their values increase. The minimum values of hardness and density were observed at a depth of 0 ... 10 cm and amounted to 8 kg/cm2 and 0,94 g/cm3, maximum at a depth of 30 ... 40 cm - 34,3 kg/cm2 and 1,41 g/cm3. In this direction, we proposed the creation of an experimental combined machine for differentiated soil cultivation, which automatically changes the depth of processing, depending on the density and hardness of the soil.
Terms of recovery of tractor fleet as a system with limited resources
Authors: Shevtsov V G , Lavrov A V
Published: April 2022

Schemes of the annual cycles of transfer of value and resource recovery of tractor fleet are analyzed, depending on the economic state of production.
On a promising system of agricultural tractors classification
Authors: Mininzon V I , Parfionov A P
Published: April 2022

Based on the analysis of various possible parameters of agricultural tractors classification describing their performance, the expediency of promising system for classification by two parameters - operating power and nominal traction force, is grounded. To illustrate the possible use of two-parameter classification of wheeled tractors (with wheel sizes 4K4a and 4K4b) and crawler tractors, some complex of dimension types in some way reflecting the Russian market and the designs made by Russian, Byelorussian and Ukrainian tractor plants at the beginning of 2008 is presented.
A bulldozer hybrid power plant generator
Authors: Voronin S G , Sogrin A I , Shvalev Ye S , Kislitsin V I
Published: April 2022

A diesel-engine generator for the hybrid power plant of bulldozer is developed. Hybrid transmission applicability in a vehicle of given class is shown. Some optional versions of realization of the main load-bearing element of electric power plant of hybrid bulldozer-generator are analyzed. Requirements for a hybrid vehicle generator are formulated. A multi-polar generator with combined excitation combination is suggested allowing to realize the propulsion system as an integrated module. An example of practical realization of the developed generator is shown.
Systemic and analytical method for the formation of technological policy in the agro-industrial sector of Russian Federation
Authors: Zhalnin E V
Published: April 2022

The systemic and analytical method as one of methods for the formation of technological policy in agro-industrial sector is stated. Description of its advantages over other methods is given. The eight-block classification of software and computing systems is suggested and some examples of their implementation with regard to grain harvesters are provided.
A soil and moisture saving method of primary tillage on the slopes
Authors: Sokolov N M
Published: April 2022

A promising trend of improvement of soil and moisture saving methods of the primary tillage on the slope soils is grounded. The diagram of a ridge-stubble coulisse is resulted and technological process of their formation and placement is described, allowing to fix the basis of erosion on all controlled plot of a slope.
A new construction of tree-planting machine
Authors: Bartenev I M , Shavkov M V
Published: April 2022

A new construction of tree-planting machine ensuring the high quality of planting and high survival index was developed. The use of combined ploughshare and belt planter apparatus is a distinctive feature of this tool.
Features of the combined effect of active and passive tools on the soil
Authors: Nikolayev V A
Published: April 2022

The influence of active and passive tools of the combined aggregate on soil is considered. Forces necessary for the soil shift and displacement by an active tool at the semiclamped cutting are revealed.
Restoration of spring teeth of agricultural machinery
Authors: Elkin S Yu , Safonov V V , Polupanov I T
Published: April 2022

Results of theoretical and experimental studies of a new technology for the restoration of haymaker spring teeth on the example of hard-core cross-teeth rakes ГП-14 are presented. Functional dependences of influence of recovery rational modes on the parameters of spring teeth are revealed. A recommended mode of technological process of the spring teeth restoration by electromechanical treatment is determined.
A mathematical model of ultrasonic preparation of diesel fuel for the engine start in conditions of low temperatures
Authors: Vasilevskiy A V , Podchinok V M
Published: April 2022

Ultrasonic method of diesel fuel treatment with the view of its low-temperature operation improvement is considered. It is established that viscosity of diesel fuel decreases with the increase of ultrasonic treatment duration and fuel temperature, what is proved with the efficiency of application of ultrasonic treatment in conditions of low temperatures.
Control of reliability level of agricultural tractors based on the estimation of its manufacturing, maintenance and repair cost
Authors: Plaksin A M , Gulyarenko A A
Published: April 2022

The production process of tractors manufacturing should provide for its regulation to ensure the given plant level of reliability. The higher reliability of the tractor, the more expensive its design and manufacture are. At the same time the costs of maintaining tractors in working condition are decreased. Contradictory nature of these costs allows to optimize the level of tractor's reliability.
A ploughshare equipped with seed aimer-distributor for the cereal crops sowing
Authors: Machnev A V , Larin M A
Published: April 2022

Results of a multifactorial experiment with substantiation of optimal design parameters of a seed aimer-distributor, confirmed with field experiments, are given.
Energy model of а top drive crawler-mounted mover rolling
Authors: Lopariov A A , Sudnitsyn V I , Komkin A S
Published: April 2022

An energy model of top drive crawler-mounted mover rolling is suggested. The process of rotation of front and back support-and-tightening rollers is considered. Formulas for the calculation of efficiency coefficient for rollers and mover were obtained.
Configuration of vortex chambers and air flow velocity in the crushing chamber of a hammer crusher
Authors: Baranov N F , Zykin A A
Published: April 2022

Findings of investigation of influence of the vortex chambers configuration on the air flow in crushing chamber of an experimental hammer crusher are given.
Method for calculating the characteristics of a linear type peristaltic pump with incomplete compression of the working member
Authors: Grishin A. I
Published: April 2022

The introductory part of the work contains brief information about the existing peristaltic pumps and their application areas. Special attention is paid to the use of miniature peristaltic pumps with a linear located tube. For such pumps, there is a sufficient number of experimental studies, but a very limited number of studies are devoted to modeling the flow in such pumps. The aim of the work is to develop a technique for calculating the characteristics of a peristaltic pump with a linear located tube and several squeezing elements that not completely compress it in the transverse direction, , based on a quasi-stationary model and verifying the applicability of the developed model by numerical modeling. A quasistationary model is obtained by compiling the Bernoulli equation for the instantaneous velocities and pressures for the current movements of the squeeze element. To evaluate the limitations of the applicability of the quasi-stationary model, numerical experiments were performed in the STAR-CCM + program taking into account the possibility of cavitation, for which the Eulerian polyphase model was used. Numerical experiments have shown that cavitation takes place at intervals when the pump discharge member returns to its initial position and the pressure in the compression area decreases. From a comparison of calculations with different pump cycle times, it is established that cavitation is essential only if the squeeze elements move too fast and the pump cycle time is sufficiently short. It was also found that fluctuations in fluid velocity within the pump are observed under the same conditions as cavitation. Comparison of the results of numerical simulation and calculations using a quasi-stationary model has shown that the calculations give an error in the time intervals when there is a simultaneous movement of pump squeeze elements. As a result of the analysis of the obtained results, it is concluded that the developed quasi-stationary model can be used for calculations if the viscosity of the pumped liquid is not less than 40 mPa •s and if the pump operating frequency is sufficiently small that the pump does not experience the specified cavitation and speed fluctuations.