bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Une figure sculptée de saint Aré conservée au Bayerisches Nationalmuseum de Munich : Michel Colombe et la sculpture tourangelle hors les murs ?*
Authors: Guillouët Jean-Marie
Published: September 2021

In the rooms of the Bayerisches Nationalmuseum in Munich, the astonishing sculpture of Saint Are stands out. The sixth-century bishop of Nevers is depicted lying dead on the bottom of the small boat that miraculously sailed up the Loire as far as the village of Decize. It is for the church of this locality that this sculpture was made, probably after depredations committed to the treasure of the sanctuary in 1484. A stylistic analysis reveals the close links of this work with contemporary sculpture in Touraine, particularly with the anonymous figure of a bishop now kept in Saint-Saturnin at Limeray (Indre-et- Loire). The same hand of an artist who seems to have worked in the entourage of Michel Colombe must be recognized in both works. The documented presence of the great sculptor in Moulins in 1484 further supports this presumption.
KARS PİYASASINDA SATIŞA SUNULAN YOĞURT, BEYAZ PEYNİR VE KARS KAŞAR PEYNİRLERİNİN FİZİKSEL VE KİMYASAL ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÇETİNKAYA Asya
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırma, Kars piyasasında satışa sunulan yoğurt, Beyaz peynir ve Kars Kaşar peynirlerinin, kimyasal ve fiziksel niteliklerini tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Materyal olarak 45 adet örnek kullanılmıştır. Kimyasal ve fiziksel analizler sonucunda: Yoğurt numunelerinin ortalama kuru madde, yağ, pH, titre edilebilir asitlik (%) ve serum ayrılması değerleri sırasıyla; %15.26, %3.76, 4.37, %1.38 ve 4.40 ml/25 g olarak belirlenmiştir. Nişasta testi, 2 örnek için pozitif olarak sonuçlanmıştır. Jelatin testi ise, yoğurt örneklerinin tümünde negatif sonuç vermiştir. Beyaz peynir örneklerinde ortalama kuru madde, yağ, titre edilebilir asitlik (%), tuz ve pH, değerleri sırasıyla %46.53, %17.66, %1.09 %4.43, 5.21 ve Kars Kaşar peyniri örneklerinde ise ortalama kuru madde, yağ, titre edilebilir asitlik (%), tuz ve pH değerleri sırasıyla %51.50, %28.09, %1.63 ve %4.03 ve 5.05 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yoğurt örneklerinin ikisinde nişasta testi pozitif olarak belirlenmiştir.
EVALUATING ENERGY CONSUMPTION EFFICIENCY IN TOBACCO PRODUCTION: APPLYING DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
Authors: Mushtaq Zulqarnain , Wei Wei , Sharif Maimoona , Chandio Abbas Ali
Published: September 2021

Tobacco is considered as one of the most important industrial cash crop and source of livelihood to many families in Pakistan. Considering the contraction of land under tobacco cultivation, the present study is intended to evaluate the production efficiency of tobacco growers in southern Punjab, Pakistan. The Data Envelopment Analysis model was used to investigate energy usage efficiency of tobacco farmers based on seven energy inputs; human labour, farm machinery, irrigation, diesel, fertilizers, chemicals, seeds, and a single output. Moreover, the current study also used DEA – super efficiency to identify and rank efficient and inefficient tobacco producers; and to suggest optimum energy requirements and energy savings potentials. The primary data from 210 tobacco growers were collected in-person interviews by random sampling technique. The findings of the study revealed that average energy consumed in the form of inputs and yield obtained in tobacco production was 52,703.58 MJ/ha-1 and 3,096.98 MJ/ha-1, respectively. Average technical, pure technical, and scale efficiency score was calculated to be 0.902, 0.961, and 0.938, respectively. Likewise, the energy-saving ratio in tobacco production was estimated to be 13.83%, which implies that by adopting the proposed recommendations about 7,121.66 MJ/ha-1 energy could be saved without compromising the output. Also, fertilizers, chemicals, irrigation, and diesel had the highest share in the consumption of energy inputs. The findings of the study provides pinpoint options to the agricultural polices makers to launch the technical training programs for the tobacco farmers to adopt better management practices to optimize the application of energy inputs to reduce the cost of tobacco production. The agricultural extension department should also visit the tobacco fields to assist the farmers about timely application of inputs and with extension services.
Factors Influencing Water Quality Perceptions in an Urban and Rural Watershed in Southern Ecuador
Authors: Hormel Leontina , Wardropper Chloe B. , Scott Carly B. , Gallardo María Verónica Iñiguez , Roon David , Armijos Carlos Iñiguez
Published: September 2021

River water quality and quantity are declining globally as a result of land use and population growth. Enhanced river management that includes input from local watershed residents is needed to sustain this resource. As an international framework, integrated water resources management (IWRM) aims to support inclusive governance of water systems. Ecuador is one of the countries that has looked to IWRM as a guide, though little research on water quality is available in the country. Our case study describes both the research process and outcomes of an integrated assessment of water quality and perceptions in the south Ecuador city of Loja, through which flow two rivers: Rio Zamora and Rio Malacatos. Our team sought to take both biophysical and perceptual measures of water quality in these rivers and tributaries and build interdisciplinary research skills among undergraduate and early graduate students in collaboration with faculty researchers from the Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja and the University of Idaho. In this case article, we concentrate on the process and results of the social scientific dimension of this interdisciplinary project, describing how surveys and interviews were used to build our understanding of the connections between the biophysical water quality measures and water quality perceptions of different communities within the watershed. Readers will learn about the possibilities of conducting interdisciplinary, international team projects to answer applied socioenvironmental questions along with challenges that should be anticipated when designing this kind of research.
The Design and Research of the Projected Problem: Solving Teaching Research Activities
Authors: Dai Xiumei , Yi Liangbin
Published: September 2021

Promoting teachers’ professional development has become the overall goal of teachers’ training in the new era. In this article, the researches on classroom, teaching material, and examination assignment were considered as the carriers, taking the interactive process Plan-Action-Observation-Reflection as the path, so as to contribute to the project features, including the task collection and selection, materials sorting, joint R&D, and problem-solving. Through the reform of traditional teaching activities, the article particularly explored and analyzed the intention, procedure, and content of innovative Mathematics teaching research activity through the projected teaching, and researching model. It is important to pay attention to the combination of theory and practice, education and scientific research, teacher research and expert guidance, so as to enhance the teachers’ professional abilities to solve the teaching problems and promote the regional Mathematics teaching activities to a deeper level.
Antenatal diagnosis of microvillus inclusion disease
Authors: Israfilova Gular , Arslanca Banu , Sukur Yavuz Emre , Koç Acar
Published: September 2021

Microvillus inclusion disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder due to defective apical surface of the enterocytes presenting with severe watery diarrhea starting at birth. We describe a female infant who had antenatal diagnosis of microvillus inclusion disease. At 36th gestational week of a 32-year-old woman ultrasound examination revealed dilatation of fetal sigmoid colon. The amniotic fluid level was normal. An amniocentesis was performed to rule out congenital sodium and chloride diarrhea in the prenatal period. The patient didn't prefer to undergo genetic tests. In conclusion, prenatal ultrasonographic identification of dilated bowel loops without polyhydramnios suggests differential diagnosis of microvillus inclusion disease in addition to congenital chloride diarrhea, jejunoileal atresia, volvulus, meconium ileus, Hirschsprung disease, enteric duplications, anorectal atresia.
A cohort study on safety for oocyte retrieval in IVF using the same 20G needle for local analgesia and retrieval. Vaginal cleaning did not add to the safety of the procedure
Authors: Almind GJ , Færch E , Lægaard F , Smidt-Jensen S , Lindenberg S
Published: September 2021

Aim of study: What is the effectiveness and safety of using a 20G single lumen needle (SLN) for both applying local analgesia (LA) in the vaginal vault and ovarian capsule and oocyte retrieval (OR) using a simple syringe? And will thoroughly cleaning (TC) of the vagina before reducing the risk of the puncture procedure? Using a thin SLN has been postulated to jeopardize cumulus oocyte complexes (COC). Further applying LA in the same needle without retracting the needle before OR has been claimed to harm oocyte development. Also, many clinics extensively clean the vagina before OR. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study including 4983 women. 877 underwent no cleaning (nonTC) of the vagina and 4106 underwent TC using NaCl. All had OR with a 20G SLN attached to a syringe for local anaesthesia and egg collection. The treatments were done in one centre during the period from January 2016 to June 2019. We studied women undergoing IVF treatment aged 18–45 years. Women had either thoroughly vaginal cleaning before OR or no cleaning depending on the physicians preferences. All women had LA using Citanest Dental Octapressin 2ml. placed in the vaginal vault in the direction of the intended puncture including in the ovarian capsule. Therefore, only one puncture was needed in both sides, left and right. All punctures were hereafter followed by OR using the same 20G SLN. Aspiration was done by a 20ml syringe handled manually by the physician. All women underwent a conventional antagonist protocol with FSH stimulation and Ovitrelle 250IU for induction or Mild Stimulation using Tamoxifen, FSH and Ovitrelle. Outcome measurement were bleeding measured by the necessity of applying compression after the puncture or infection observed up to 1 month. Results: Baseline characteristics including age, BMI and type of stimulation were comparable between the groups. In the nonTC group no infections, bleedings or abscesses were found. In the TC group there were 1 abscess observed. Intact COC was similar in the two groups as well as pregnancy rates. Conclusion: During OR in ART the use of a 20G SLN using the same needle for LA and hereafter, without changing needle in the puncture channel, continue with the egg collection (EC) is simple and safe. In this situation TC is not necessary before puncture, making the procedure more patients friendly. In women undergoing oocyte retrieval for IVF, we found the use of a 20G SLN for both applying LA and retrieving COC safe, effective and simple. Additional TC of the vagina before puncture did not add more to the safety of the procedure.
PARÁMETROS GENÉTICOS DE CARACTERÍSTICAS BIOMÉTRICAS DEL FRUTO Y SEMILLA EN Caesalpinia ebano (FABACEAE)
Authors: Castro Torres Leider José , Blanco Fuentes Rubén Darío , Espitia Camacho Miguel Mariano , Ayala Carlos Cardona , Tatis Hermes Araméndiz
Published: September 2021

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los parámetros genéticos de las características biométricas del fruto y semillas de Caesalpinia ebano. La investigación se realizó en Montería (Colombia), se seleccionaron diez árboles, y de cada uno diez, frutos tomados al azar. Se realizaron análisis de varianza y estimación de parámetros genéticos para nueve características: peso fresco del fruto, largo del fruto, ancho del fruto, grosor del fruto, número de semillas/fruto, peso de semillas por fruto, peso de una semilla, volumen de una semilla y densidad de una semilla. Se detectaron diferencias estadísticas (p < 0,01) entre árboles, para todas las características, excepto para el ancho del fruto y peso de una semilla; denotando la existencia de variabilidad genética entre los árboles para peso del fruto, largo del fruto, grosor del fruto, número de semillas y densidad de una semilla. El peso y largo del fruto presentaron la heredabilidad media familiar y heredabilidad en el sentido estricto con los valores más altos (h2Fam > 82 % y h2E > 30 %). La ganancia genética esperada fue mayor del 10 % en cinco de las nueve características estudiadas, y mayor del 20 % para número de semillas y peso de las semillas (27,31 y 27,87 %, respectivamente). Los caracteres peso y largo del fruto se podrían transmitir a las generaciones sucesivas, con mayor posibilidad de éxito, mediante la selección fenotípica de árboles.
Modern approaches to the treatment of urogenital disorders in perimenopausal women
Authors:   Kharkiv National Medical University, Potapova L.V. , Shcherbina I.N. ,   Kharkiv National Medical University
Published: September 2021

In modern gynecology, hormone-dependent pathology is one of the most significant problems. The importance of solving this problem is due to the significant prevalence of this pathology, its long-term recurrent course and the presence of a medico-social task of preserving the reproductive function of patients. The age of women who develop dyshormonal diseases is already 30–35 years old, which leads to premature loss of reproductive function, an increase in the frequency of surgical interventions. The systemic nature of the lesion in dyshormonal pathology is due to the common links of pathogenesis. The leading factor in the pathogenesis of hormone-dependent pathology is absolute or relative hyperestrogenism. Menstrual disorders (MD) is one of the most overlooked problems in modern gynecology. Over the past decade, an increase in the frequency of MD in women of reproductive age has been noted in the world by almost 11 times. In the structure of gynecological morbidity, according to most authors, MD s account for about 60% of all dyshormonal disorders, which often lead to an underestimation of future not only reproductive, but also general somatic problems: from miscarriage and infertility to the formation of both benign and malignant tumors in the female organism. Keywords: hormone-dependent pathology, menstrual disorders, estrogens, progesterone, treatment, indole-3-carbinol, rod extract, Agidol.
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy complicated by abdominal compartment syndrome (Сase report)
Authors:   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kуiv, Ukraine, Golyanovsky O.V. , Bilyansky L.S. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Padalko A.A. ,   CNR KOR «Kyiv regional perinatal center», Frolov S.V. ,   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kiev
Published: September 2021

The problem of late preeclampsia still remains its relevance today, considering the variety of possible severe complications of this obstetric pathology. In this context, acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is considered as one of the most challenging complications of severe preeclampsia (or as a separate nosology) [frequency: 1 case per 7–16 thousand deliveries], which can possibly lead to the development of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) and coagulopathic changes. This complications combination is currently potentially fatal for the pregnant woman or those in labor and remains an urgent call for perinatologists. The article presents modern ideas about the etiology, diagnosis, treatment and delivery in case of this obstetric pathology on the example of an experienced clinical case. The aim of the study is to research the potential algorithm for AFLP diagnosis and treatment with analysis of the effectiveness of measures proposed. At the first stage, a retrospective review of publications on this issue was conducted with further analysis of the case of AFLP complicated by ACS and DIC syndrome, which was successfully conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology №1. Successful outcome and recovery of a patient in a very serious condition was achieved with to the use of a basic algorithm of actions with delivery of a pregnant woman with AFLP, complex post-syndrome therapy of multiple organ failure, ACS surgical treatment, extraordinary approach to generalized fibrinolysis treatment, therapy with transfusion of whole single-group donor blood. Keywords: preeclampsia, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, abdominal compartment syndrome, DIC syndrome, hepato-renal dysfunction.
Features of the clinical course of vulvar precancer and cancer in women of reproductive age
Authors:   SI «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Kyiv, Tatarchuk T.F. , Dunaevskaya V.V. ,   SI «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Kyiv,   National Cancer Institute, Kyiv, Kosei N.V. ,   SSI «Center for Innovative Medical Technologies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine», Kyiv
Published: September 2021

Continuing increase of precancer, epithelial and invasive vulvar cancer rate significantly enlarges the proportion of this group of patients. Meanwhile, all the grounds to improve the system of early diagnosis and treatment of this pathology are given nowadays. No other localization of gynecological cancer proves such a close association with postmenopause and involute atrophic processes of this period of a woman’s life. The objective: is to study the features of the clinical course of cancer and precancerous lesions of the vulva in women of reproductive age. Materials and methods. From 2017 to 2020, 150 patients with dystrophic diseases, precancerous lesions and vulvar cancer were examined in the outpatient department of the National Cancer Institute. The age of patients in the study ranged from 18 to 49 years old (32±3.5). Menstrual function was unchanged in 98 (65%) of 150 women. The age of menarche varied from 11 to 18 years old (mean age – 14.5±0.3 years). The average duration of the menstrual cycle was 28±0.4 days. The doctor performed conservative treatment of «leukoplakia and kraurosis» for many months, and sometimes years, without histological clarification of the diagnosis. More than half (n=106; 71%) of patients underwent long-term and unreasonable anti-inflammatory or hormonal therapy with unsatisfactory results without cytological and / or histological examinations. Results. In the study of vulvar biopsies, the VIN diagnosis (28%) prevailed in comparison with the invasive tumor process (12%) and was asymptomatic in more than 50% of cases. Thus, the peak level of HPV was observed in young women (80%). HPV was represented by types of high oncogenic risk (16, 18, 31, 33) in 90% of cases and it was associated with a malignant process in 100% of cases. At the same time, the background disease in young patients is squamous cell hyperplasia, where the sequence of tumor development (VIN I - VIN II – VIN III) is more clearly traced and largely resembles the development of cervical cancer. It has been noted that in young women PVI is usually temporary, there is a faster spontaneous elimination of the virus and regression of existing HPV-associated pathology compared with menopausal women. Conclusion. Vulvar neoplasia is more common in the VIN form in women of reproductive age and in all cases, it is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) of high oncogenic risk. Multicentric lesions are more typical for young patients. Keywords: vulva, cancer, precancer, anamnesis, vulvoscopy, histological examination.
‘My heart tears’ and ‘my eyes open’
Authors: Agyepong Dorothy Pokua
Published: September 2021

Events of tearing in Asante-Twi (Akan, Niger-Congo, Kwa) are described with two verbs, te ‘to tear’ and suane ‘to tear lengthwise’. The former is generic and describes all forms of tearing. The latter, which is more specific, describes tearing events that are carried out in a lengthwise manner (Agyepong, 2017). Characteristic of verbs, te and suane combine with different objects to derive a range of interpretations that can be categorized as literal or figurative. In this paper, I explore the ways in which te ‘to tear’ (in particular) interacts with different objects to generate an array of contextualised interpretations. The discussion of the verb and its interpretations are based on three theoretical assumptions. First, from a monosemic-bias perspective (Ruhl, 1989), I espouse a single invariant sense for te and demonstrate that all other interpretations are derived contextually. Second, I propose a three-level semantics (Wilkins and Hill, 1995) relevant for the derivation of the various interpretations of the verb. Third, I show that distinct syntactic constructions (Goldberg, 1995) in which the verb and its arguments occur are key to generating online interpretations. The analysis is based on data gathered from written literary texts, dictionaries, Bible translations, and stimulated-ethnographic interviews with native speakers. I supplement these with constructed examples based on my intuition as a native speaker of Asante-Twi.
‘The heart has caught me’
Authors: Bisilki Abraham Kwesi , Yakpo Kofi
Published: September 2021

We provide a first documentation and analysis of anger metaphors in Likpakpaln, a little-studied Mabia (Gur) language, primarily spoken in Northern Ghana. We adopt Conceptual Metaphor Theory as the analytical framework for this study. The study of emotional body-part metaphors and their lexicalisation patterns in Likpakpaln is interlaced with nominal and clausal morphosyntax as well as grammatical relations. Anger is conceptualised in terms of li?uul ‘heart’ and we identify five types of clause structures in which anger expressions occur in Likpakpaln. Further, we make out four metaphorical conceptualisations. In an areally prominent conceptualisation that we term ANGER IS HUMAN-LIKE, li?uul ‘heart’ is anthropomorphised as a human-like agent who can ‘catch’, ‘hold’, ‘kill’, or ‘eat’ a person. Other metaphorical conceptualisations are ANGER IS HEAT, AN ANGRY PERSON IS A PRESSURISED CONTAINER, and THE BODY IS A CONTAINER FOR ANGER. All in all, metaphors of anger in Likpakpaln show cross-cultural correspondences and culture-specific construals, thus providing evidence for the cultural embodied prototype theory. The Likpakpaln data also reflects a departure from some general tendencies. For instance, the coding of positive and negative emotion concepts in Likpakpaln is nuanced by the use of particular synonyms of the heart rather than by the selection of different body parts.
A Conceptual Metaphor Theory analysis of anishi ‘eyes’-based metaphors in Gonja
Authors: Bodua-Mango Kenneth
Published: September 2021

This article provides a Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) analysis of the metaphorical use of the body part anishi ‘eyes’ in Gonja, a North Guang Niger-Congo language spoken by some 310,000 people predominantly in the Northern and Savannah regions of Ghana. The use of body-part metaphors is an integral part of the daily repertoire of the average Gonja speaker. This article discusses how the anishi ‘eyes’-based expressions are grounded by the biological, psychological and socio-cultural functions of the eye. Prominent anishi ‘eyes’ mappings identified in the language include EMOTIONS/ATTITUDES ARE OBJECTS, ATTITUDES ARE POSSESSIONS, EYE STANDS FOR THE VIEW OR SIGHT, IDEAS AS OBJECTS, IDEAS ARE POSSESSIONS, KNOWLEDGE IS VISION, MANNER FOR ATTITUDE, PAYING ATTENTION IS SEEING, RED EYES ARE SERIOUS, UNAVAILABLE TO KNOWLEDGE IS INVISIBLE OR COVERED, and WET EYES ARE CAREFUL. Regarding the universalist and variationist dichotomy on metaphors, this article argues that, while there is evidence to support the universality of the conceptual metaphors, the importance of cross-cultural distinctiveness cannot be discounted. The data for this work is the product of elicitations from native speaker Gonja students at the University of Education, Winneba, Ghana and complemented with data based on my intuitions as a Safaliba-Gonja bilingual first language speaker. Secondary sources of data include Afari-Twako (2017) and Agyekum (2018).
Resonating embodiment
Authors: Sherris Ari , Schaefer Paul , Kosiaku Eden
Published: September 2021

The Safaliba are an Indigenous Ghanaian ethnolinguistic group of 7,000–9,000 people (Sherris, Schaefer and Mango Aworo, 2019). They mostly inhabit their traditional lands in a rural area of Ghana’s Savannah Region. There are seven towns and villages where Safaliba (the name of both their language and themselves as a people) is a dominant communicative language resource, as well as another seven towns where Safaliba as a communicative language resource is subordinate (see Fig. 1) to approximately eleven additional Indigenous Ghanaian languages (e.g., Birifor, Choruba, Dagaare, Deg, Gonja, Jula, Kamara, Lobiri, Siti, Vagla, and Waali). Safaliba is a Gur language with an expanding and vibrant, although small, grassroots literacy activity in five government primary schools, two private primary schools, and one informal adult education program. Safaliba storytellers, poets, and teenagers in the communities are using the language in booklets, newsletters, and in some experimental attempts at Safaliba Hip Hop. The purpose of this paper is to document Safaliba metaphors that have as their source domain the human body and their target domain everyday human interactions. We argue that these target domains, although abstract, transform the limits of embodiment and thereby resonate with similar materiality. For instance, if we look at the verb phrase le o? baya poo, which literally means /fall between someone’s legs/, in conceptual metaphor theory that would be the source domain. Its target domain is its figurative meaning, which for the Safaliba is /to beg someone for help or something/. The target domain resonates with components of the original embodied state of something or someone falling between the legs of another, yet is transformed to mean, metaphorically, an abstraction – to supplicate, beg, plead. Another example would be dibi nye?a, which as a source domain means /press chest/, and its target domain is the figurative /console, comfort/.
The semantic extensions of tu ‘to uproot’/‘to pull out’ in Nzema discourse
Authors: Yakub Mohammed
Published: September 2021

Nzema refers to both the language and the people who speak it. The language is spoken predominantly among the people who occupy the South-west part of the Western Region of Ghana as well as some parts of Côte d’Ivoire (Annan, 1980, 1994). Nzema forms part of the Niger-Congo Kwa language family. Many studies across languages have had their focus on the basic and extended usages of ‘eat’ and ‘drink’ (ingestion) verbs. Among such studies are Prins (1993), Newman (1997), Atintono and Adjei (2008), Aikhenvald (2009), Adjei (2013), Agyepong, Amfo and Osam (2017), and Otoo (2017). Several works, including Agyekum (2002, 2013, 2015a, 2015b, 2016) and Otoo (2018) have also examined the metaphorical extensions of human body parts and verbs of perception. In Nzema, however, studies on cultural schemas and conceptualisations are scanty. This paper, therefore, explores the basic and metaphorical interpretations of the disconnection verb, tu ‘to uproot’/‘to pull out’ in Nzema communication. The paper relies on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980) with insights from ‘Cultural Conceptual Metaphors’ (Sharifian, 2011). Data were obtained from spontaneous natural speech contexts among the Nzema. Additional data were gathered by consulting other written sources like Nzema novels and drama books to extract some expressions involving the verb tu. Interviews with knowledgeable Indigenous speakers and my introspection as a native speaker were significantly brought to bear on this study. The paper finds that the basic sense of the verb is possibly projected to describe other abstract notions such as tu ahonle ‘heart uproot’ (to be afraid); tu ay?ne ‘uproot witchcraft’ (to drive a demon out of a person), tu belemgbunli ‘uproot a chief’ (to distool a chief), tu edw?k? sie (to postpone/adjourn a case), among others. The paper shows that the verb tu is ‘polysemous’, and can participate in causative/inchoative alternation.
Re-thinking everyday metaphors through Indigenous Ghanaian languages
Authors: Sherris Ari
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this Special Issue is to expand our understanding of conceptual metaphors in six of Ghana’s Indigenous languages: Asante-Twi, Gonja, Likpakpaln, Mfantse, Nzema, and Safaliba. The authors bring new knowledge to the international community from these understudied languages, which may become inaccessible in the not too distant future, particularly those from oral sources, given Ghana’s political embrace of neoliberal global flows of people, goods, and information which expands the reaches of language shift. Nevertheless, the specific metaphor data from the languages in this Special Issue represent the first preliminary examples of documentation and hence are of foundational significance, as the data generate new understandings.
Leksemy oznaczające imię Boga w polskich pieśniach religijnych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Ożóg Kazimierz
Published: September 2021

The subject of the analysis performed by the author were the names of God in the songs recorded in the “Church Songbook”, by Rev. Jan Siedlecki. It is a relatively large collection of nominations the centre of which contains a collection of the names related to God the Father, successively to the Son of God Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit. There are also frequent references to “Lord, Creator, Lamb of God”. The use of a given name depends on Christian dogmas and the prayer purposes of the speech acts.
Brazylijskie nazwy miejscowe i ich adaptacje w języku Polonii brazylijskiej (na podstawie opublikowanych w 1930 roku numerów „Gazety Polskiej w Brazylii” i „Ludu”)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska, Raiman Marcin
Published: September 2021

The aim of this paper is to present the names of brazilian localities and different types of adaptation used by the members of the Polish community in Brazil in two Polish-language newspapers published in Curitiba: „Gazeta Polska w Brazylii” and „Lud”. The study focuses on the names found in the issues published in 1930 and shows that 87% of the gathered material is used in its original form. The remaining material consists of adapted names that are divided according to various adaptation techniques, among them translation. The author describes the frequency of the analyzed adaptations and provides comments on their use in different types of texts and by different authors.
A comprehensive evaluation of knowledge and perceptions regarding geriatric dentistry among Saudi Arabian dental students
Authors: Aldhuwayhi Sami
Published: September 2021

Objectives: The purpose of thestudy was to evaluate the knowledge and perceptions of Arabian dental students on geriatric dentistry.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a total of 100 participants were selected [25 from 3rd-and 4th-year students (Group I) and 5th-year students and interns (Group II)]. All participants were completed a three-part [(Part I (knowledge) and II (cognitive evaluation) and III (awareness and attitude of psychosocial and health problems)] questionnaire related to geriatric dentistry. The comparisons were made among the Groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 21.0.IBM Corp) software.  

Results: The responses on the knowledge of the geriatric population and their oral health (Part I) questionnaire among groups were not statistically significant (p >0.05). The knowledge mean scores comparison showed a significant relationship evident among the groups (p<0.05). Overall all Group II participants achieved the highest scores for Part I (p>0.05),  Part II (p<0.05), and Part III A&B (p>0.05).

Conclusions: The students belong to 5th-year, and Interns achieved high scores compared to 3rd- and 4th- years students. Dental students and interns in Saudi Arabia lack positive approaches to providing primary health care to geriatric individuals despite a rapidly growing geriatric population.
Sewing Needle as Foreign Body in Urethra of an Adolescent Boy
Authors: Bangash Kashif , Naeem Muhammad , Mumtaz Hassan , Akhtar Hayat Aaliah , Mazhar Mubashar , Ahmad Shahzaib
Published: September 2021

Self-insertion of a foreign body in the urethra is an uncommon presentation clinically. The cases usually arise due to fulfillment of sexual desire, for recreation, play, or exploration, or the foreign body insertion may take place accidentally. We present a case of an adolescent boy with a foreign body urethra presenting to the emergency room with urinary retention, pain, and dysuria. Attending urologist suspected urethral stricture and ordered ultrasonography to investigate which turned out to be a sewing needle in his urethra. The patient was then enquired about the foreign body. He tried to self-dilate his urethra as he was experiencing lower urinary tract symptoms. The sewing needle was removed by endoscopy and he was administered with antibiotics and painkillers. The urethral foreign bodies may present with pain, dysuria, or urinary incontinence and these foreign bodies are mostly seen in the male population in the adolescent age group.
Pemanfaatan Whatsapp Grup sebagai Media Komunikasi di Daerah Pedesaan
Authors: Tutiasri Ririn Puspita , Santoso Wahyu , Rahmawati Aulia
Published: September 2021

Technological developments are able to change the habits or culture of an area, including the way people communicate. One of the technologies that change the way of socializing is through the Whatsapp application. The focus of this research is how to use Whatsapp groups as a communication medium by the community in Pandowan Village, Galur District, Kulon Progo Yogyakarta. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of Whatsapp groups as a communication medium by the community in Pandowan Village, Galur District, Kulon Progo Yogyakarta. This research method uses descriptive qualitative research. The results of this study indicate that the use of Whatsapp groups as a means of exchanging information on village government with the community and fellow villagers. Utilization through whatsapp groups is used as a means of delivering village government policies, conversations, and discussions between residents about village government policies.
Preliminares
Authors: Admin Collectivus
Published: September 2021

VOLUMEN 4. NÚMERO 2. JULIO - DICIEMBRE DE 2017
Consideraciones acerca de los actores criminales de Colombia, como mutaciones del conflicto interno, desde la perspectiva económica y de la historia de las relaciones internacionales (2006-2018)
Authors: García Pérez Patricio
Published: September 2021

Esta investigación indaga en los actores armados del posconflicto de Colombia a partir de la desmovilización parcial de las Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC), el año 2006 y hasta la firma de los acuerdos de paz con las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionaria de Colombia-Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP). Busca establecer la transformación de actores armados insurgentes y contrainsurgentes en delincuenciales transnacionales que impulsan un capitalismo de tipo criminal aprovechando los vacíos institucionales, la ausencia de actores económicos modernos e impactan el crecimiento económico y potencialidades de desarrollo en los departamentos del país en que se concentran. Se busca establecer un marco inicial para estudiar el impacto de los vacíos institucionales, economías ilegales y presencia de actores armados en el crecimiento económico de los departamentos de Colombia más golpeados por la violencia.
Neuromuscular Characteristics and Physical Function in Participants with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Kim Ji-Young , Byeon Ji-Yong , Yang Hyuk-in , Oh Jeonghoon , Lee Ju-Hee , Choi Moon-Ki , Lee Hae-Dong , Jeon Justin Y
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the level of physical function, lower body strength, and muscle activation during various types of muscle contraction in participants with and without Parkinson’s disease (PD).METHODS: Twelve participants with PD (mean age=63.17±6.24 years) and 12 age- and sex-matched healthy adults (mean age = 58.67±6.39 years) were recruited. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure the length- and velocity-dependent maximum voluntary force and the rate of torque development (RTD) of the knee extensor muscles. Muscle activation of the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and rectus femoris (RF) muscles of both legs was examined using surface electromyography. The 6-minute walk test, chair stand test, timed up-and-go test, sit-and-reach test, and back-scratch test were performed to assess physical function.RESULTS: Compared to healthy individuals, participants with PD showed significantly lower maximum voluntary force and RTD (p<.05), performed fewer repetitions in the chair stand test (11.64±1.75 vs. 17.08±2.27, p<.001), were slower in the timed up-andgo test (8.36±1.42 vs. 5.65±1.07, p<.001), and walked shorter distances in the 6-minute walk test (424.17±65.97 vs. 539.47±63.18, p<.001). However, activation of the three different muscles during isometric and isokinetic muscle contraction was not different between participants with and without PD.CONCLUSIONS: Preserved muscle activation and significantly lower muscle strength during various types of muscle contractions may suggest lower muscle strength and efficiency. The lower physical function seen in participants with mild PD could be due to disease and low physical activity-related muscle atrophy rather than lower muscle activation.
Effects of Hydrotherapy on Muscle Damage and Recovery Profile After Eccentric Exercise in Arm
Authors: Jo Hyeon-deok , Kim Choun-sub , Kim Maeng-kyu
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effect of hydrotherapy at different temperatures following eccentric exercise on muscle damage and recovery profiles in young men.METHODS: Male college students without any cardiovascular or orthopedic disorders were randomly assigned to three hydrotherapy groups: a 5°C group (cold water, COLD), a 15°C group (cool water, COOL), and a control group (CON). Thirty maximal eccentric exercises were performed using the participants’ nondominant elbow flexor muscles. Each treatment consisted of immersion five times for 1 minute, along with a 1-minute rest between each immersion trial. Each intervention was conducted immediately after the eccentric exercise and every 24 hours. Changes in the level of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), circumference, muscle soreness, range of motion (ROM), maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), muscle dynamic stiffness, and muscular echo intensity (EI) were measured. All parameters were measured at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after exercise, as well as immediately before and after exercise.RESULTS: Muscle soreness was significantly higher in the COLD group than in the other groups. Moreover, the muscle circumference tended to increase in the COLD group than in the other groups. However, an increase in the dynamic stiffness and EI, promoting the recovery of MVIC, was observed in the COOL group. In addition, ROM tended to return more rapidly in the COOL group than in the other groups.CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that hydrotherapy at moderately low temperatures compared with that at extremely low temperatures may induce relatively positive effects on EIMD and recovery phases following eccentric exercise in the arms.
Effect of Masticatory Movement Using Gum on Walking and Cycling: A Randomized Crossover Design
Authors: Lim Byung-Gul , Kim Hyunji , Bae Jun-Hyun , Seo Ji-Won , Kwak Seong-Eun , Shin Chae-Young , Ahn Jooeun , Song Wook
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE: Gum chewing stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and increases energy consumption. However, the effect of mastication on physical activity remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of gum masticatory movement on physiological markers related to walking and muscle activation during cycling in different patient groups.METHODS: Using a randomized crossover design, 25 participants participated in walking trials with a 1-week washout; the trials included chewing gum (GUM), taking a candy with the same ingredients as the gum (CAN), and no ingestion (CON). Energy expenditure (EE), metabolic equivalent (MET), oxygen consumption (VO2), and heart rate were measured using a portable metabolic device. The walking distance was also calculated. In the cycling experiment, the other 19 participants randomly completed 7 minutes of the three trials (GUM, CAN, CON) with a 15-minute break. The mean cycling period (MCP), cycle number (CN), coefficient of variation of the cycling period (CV), and integrated electromyography (iEMG) results were measured using the Delsys Trigno™ Wireless EMG System.RESULTS: The walking distance was significantly higher in the GUM group than in the CAN and CON groups by an average of 78 m (7.4%, p<.05). Comparing the GUM and CON groups, EE, METs, and VO2 demonstrated a partially significant increase after 15 minutes. In the cycling experiment, there were no significant differences in the effects of the trials on cycling performance (MCP, CN, CV). However, significant differences were observed in the GUM group for the iEMG results.CONCLUSIONS: Our study results suggest that gum chewing improves physical performance, such as walking distance, and improves energy metabolism, such as EE and METs. Additionally, it can influence the improvement in the lower limb muscle activity during cycling.
Rethinking Diasporic, Cultural and Religious Identity through the Eyes of Celluloid
Authors: Das Ronita , Bhattacharjee Abhishikta
Published: September 2021

The word Diaspora was first used to describe the dispersion of the Jews beyond Israel. This has since changed, and today there is no set definition of the term because its modern meaning has evolved over time. But as a general term it is a scattered population whose origin lies in a
separate geographic locale. As found in a search in Google it is the dispersion or spread of any people from their original homeland. As per Oxford Advanced Dictionary it is defined as the movement of the Jewish people away from their own country to live and work in other countries and the
movement of people from any nation or group away from their own country. So we have a clear definition of the word Diaspora. Diasporas work on a transnational premise and the term best alludes to ’complex multidirectional streams of individuals, thoughts, items - social and physical,
and to types of collaboration, arrangement and trade.’ The suggestion at that point is that not all ostracizes are Diasporeans, the term being restricted to the individuals who are proactively occupied with transnational action. Since Diaspora and the baggage associated with the term
is very subjective, it also takes a great toll in shaping an individual’s socio-cultural and religious identity as well. Cultural Identity refers to a person’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or group. This process involves accepting traditions, heritage, language, religion,
ancestry, aesthetics, thinking patterns, and social structures of a culture. Normally, people internalize the beliefs, values, norms, and social practices of their culture and identify themselves with that culture. The culture becomes a part of their self-concept. This paper tries to explore
the problems that get depicted on the celluloid, especially in Indian cinema. The paper tries to find out the difficulties that individuals undergo in order to come to terms with the spatial and mental exile through films like Swades and My Name is Khan.It also tries to uphold
the liberating force of exile and migration that works on human’s psyche in order to make them free from societal bondage through films like English Vinglish. The two different approaches that the films employ to manifest the impact of migration on human life will help in proving that
Diasporas have consistently been something beyond forever settled than ordinarily expected yet today they are more dynamic than they have ever been.
Reflexões sobre o engajamento de estudantes no Ensino Remoto Emergencial
Authors: Espinosa Tobias
Published: September 2021

RESUMO: Em estudo anterior sobre o engajamento dos estudantes de uma disciplina de Física em uma escola pública federal, reestruturada para o Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE) em função da pandemia da COVID-19, foram identificados indícios de engajamento discente nas dimensões cognitivo-comportamental (e.g., participação e compromisso com estratégias de estudo) e emocional (e.g., reações positivas e de identificação com a escola e os temas estudados). A partir das reflexões geradas durante o processo de arbitragem do trabalho mencionado, neste artigo são expandidas duas discussões: diferentes perspectivas teóricas e indicadores do construto engajamento; e fatores que podem influenciar o engajamento dos estudantes no ERE
DYNAMICS OF HERITABILITY IN DIFFERENT CHARACTERS OF LETTUCE
Authors: OLIVEIRA ALISSON HENRIQUE GAMA DE , MACIEL GABRIEL MASCARENHAS , SIQUIEROLI ANA CAROLINA SILVA , LUZ JOSÉ MAGNO QUEIROZ , SILVA ERNANI CLARETE DA
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT The lack of knowledge of the genetic parameters and the type of gene action results in difficulties to obtain varieties that combine agronomic and functional characteristics. The objective of this study was to determine the type of gene action associated with the contents of chlorophyll and agronomic characteristics in lettuce populations. The research was conducted at the Experimental Station of Vegetables, Monte Carmelo, Brazil. To perform the crosses and obtain the generations P1, P2, F1, F2, Bc1 and Bc2 the genotypes UFU-Albina#2, UFU-Albina#3, UFU-Lisa124#2#1, UFU-Crespa199#1#1 and UFU-Lisa217#5#2 were used as parents. The generations were evaluated for three characteristics: number of leaves, plant diameter and chlorophyll content. The parameters: genetic, phenotypic, environmental and additive variance, the dominance in F2, heritability in the broad and narrow-sense, the average degree of dominance based on averages, number of genes, the measure of the dominance deviations, additive effects and all interactions of ‘additive x additive’, ‘additive x dominant’ and ‘dominant x dominant’ type, were evaluated. Chlorophyll content was the most influenced by the environment. Plant diameter had the highest narrow-sense heritability for the cross UFU-Lisa-124#2#1 x UFU-Albina#3 (82.1%). The number of genes for the number of leaves varied from inconclusive to a minimum of 9 genes. The gene interactions for number of leaves were of overdominance type, while for plant diameter and for chlorophyll content the gene interactions were of partial dominance. The characteristics are suggested as being of polygenic or oligogenic nature.