bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiences of the first PICC team in the Czech Republic
Authors: Lisova Katerina , Paulinova Vendula , Zemanova Katerina , Hromadkova Jaroslava
Published: January 2015

The first specialist nursing team placing peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in the Czech Republic was established in September 2012. During 2013 the team placed 167 PICCs and 162 midline catheters. In another 6 patients the insertion was not successful. PICCs were inserted mainly for oncology patients; while midline catheters were inserted for patients admitted to general wards. Average duration of catheter insertion was 91 days (range 7-285 days) for PICCs and 14 days (range 2-40 days) for midline catheters. During follow up of PICCs, catheter infection rate was 0.3/1000 days, vein thrombosis rate 0.4/1000 days, catheter occlusion 0.4/1000 days, and catheter displacement 0.33/1000 days. For midline catheters infection rate was 1.4/1000 days, vein thrombosis 5.2/1000 days, catheter occlusion 2.6/1000 days, and catheter displacement 2.2/1000 days. The authors hope that these results will motivate other hospitals in the Czech republic to establish PICC teams, as in other European countries.
FOCUS ON: The early findings of the Munro report on child protection, part 1
Authors: Upson Elaine
Published: January 2015

The initial report of the Munro review of child protection raises further issues around reform of current universal services. Munro has indicated that Children's Services are flooded with referrals, which causes a backlog and prevents families from receiving early support when required. Since 2008 there has been an 11% rise in referrals to children's services. 6% of these referrals end up in a child protection plan. There has also been a 25% rise in children requiring a child in need plan. ‘Social workers feel that their profession is under-valued, poorly understood and under continuous media attack. This is making it hard for them to do their jobs and hard to attract people into the profession’. It is clear from Munro's findings that reforms in social work practice are required imminently.
News
Authors: Voogd Caroline , Henshaw Pete , White Daniel
Published: January 2015

Government is developing a new vision for school nursing

Education White Paper aims to tackle bullying

Government under pressure on sports

Growing your own to be vital tool against obesity

Bullying on way to school is widespread

Exclusions can further entrench problems
How aware are you of what children are doing online?
Authors: Bickers Hannah
Published: January 2015

With increasing ease of access to the internet through a variety of electronic devices it is crucial that children and young people are empowered to stay safe online. School nurses can play an important role in providing guidance and in offering support to victims.
Implementing the new NICE guideline for enuresis
Authors: Weaver Anne
Published: January 2015

A new guideline has been published by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) for diagnosing and managing bedwetting, a common but often distressing childhood condition. The guideline is aimed at health professionals involved in the health and wellbeing of children and young people, so that they can offer best practice advice and treatment options based on individual needs and preferences. The accompanying ‘Understanding NICE guidance’ for service users gives an outline of what can be expected from health professionals and should encourage more families to seek treatment at an earlier stage. School nurses are ideally placed to provide accessible contact for these families and will be relied upon to deliver good quality information and appropriate intervention. This article outlines the recommendations, offers further information about the treatments and considers the implications for school nurses and local services.
Recognizing the signs of acute appendicitis
Authors: Watkins Jean
Published: January 2015

Acute appendicitis affects about 10% of the population. It presents itself most commonly between 10–20 years old. Prognosis is excellent for patients with a non-perforated appendix. It is therefore important that school nurses know the signs and symptoms of appendicitis to be able to make prompt and appropriate referrals.

This article looks at the aetiology, presentation, differential diagnosis and complications of acute appendicitis.
Education-based support for self-harming adolescents
Authors: Norman Amanda
Published: January 2015

This article is based on the author's research dissertation for an MA in Interprofessional Healthcare Education. It is the first of two parts looking at educational support systems for young people experiencing self-harm. The first article focuses on the the rationale behind the study, its context in relation to practice, and its aims as well as its value to current school nursing and educational-based support for young people experiencing emotional difficulties. The second article will concentrate on the review itself and the findings, providing insight into how these findings can be used in practice to best support young people and highlights areas for future research.
Looking at the history of alcohol consumption
Authors: Wright Jane
Published: January 2015

As Christmas fast approaches, it seems appropriate to explore the history of alcohol. While difficult to measure, alcohol consumption, it is estimated, increases by up to 40% during the Christmas period (Drinkaware, 2010). It can be a time of great anxiety for people as well as celebration and alcohol can be consumed in both situations (Drinkaware, 2010).
Teaching tips for more experienced practitioners
Authors: Faber Krista
Published: January 2015

This month Krista Faber is looking at different types of activities that some of the more experienced of you can use in your PSHE lessons.
Hand oedema: pathophysiology and treatment
Authors: Palmada Michelle , Shah Surya , O'Hare Kathryn
Published: January 2015

As prior knowledge of the distribution of the body fluids is essential to understanding the pathological processes of oedema, the physiology of body fluids is first highlighted in this paper. The pathology of oedema is then explored with post-traumatic oedema and oedema from central paralysis illustrated. The paper then interrelates the physiological principles of body fluid, primary and secondary oedema as a foundation for further discussion of treatment of oedema. The treatment options frequently used in the management of oedema of the hand are further expounded. While the physiological basis of body fluids are integrated with oedema treatment modalities used, no attempt is made of discuss evaluation approaches used in oedema measurement as fluid volume reduction does not always equal oedema reduction.
Non-use of equipment by adults with learning disabilities
Authors: Pockney Rebecca
Published: January 2015

Audit findings relating to the suitability of equipment installed in 17 specially designed community houses for adults with learning disabilities, revealed that equipment designed to enable maximum engagement in domestic tasks was not being used by the individuals for whom it was provided. This article explores the possible reasons for the non-use of this equipment in the light of current literature. Equipment design, client ability, support staff involvement and occupational therapy principles and practice are identified as primary contributory factors. Suggestions for improving ‘equipment fit’ to this client group are made.
Planning through the summer
Authors: Neville Sarah
Published: January 2015

Most of the children you childmind will spend the August holiday period free of curricula learning pressures, but you can still plan activities that will continue their development.
Readers’ stories
Authors: Smith Sue
Published: January 2015

Send your letters to: The Editor, Child Care, St Jude's Church, Dulwich Road, Herne Hill, London, SE24 0PB email: childcare@markallengroup.com
The power of the elements – wind
Authors: Garner Lynne
Published: January 2015

In the second of our elements series, Lynne Garner uses practical activities to examine the forces of nature that shape our lives and the places we live. This month, the wind!
Music to young children's ears
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: January 2015

In this extract from Planning for Learning Through the Senses [Practical Pre-School Books] we explore activities, based on the early learning goals: this month, we focus on hearing.
Fruit & Veg: L is for Lime …
Authors: Hammond Paula , Lillie Stephen
Published: January 2015

This month, we continue our extended adventure around the alphabetical vegetables and fruits of the world, by looking at a citrus fruit that has given a nation a nickname.
Providing oral healthcare for patients with a PEG tube
Authors: Wales Lyn
Published: January 2015

Enteral tube feeding has become a widely used healthcare technology both in the hospital and community settings. It is important to be aware of these patients, their needs for oral health care, and the potential risks associated with oral hygiene procedures and dental treatment.
The forensic odontologist: roles and responsibilities
Authors: Marsden Phil
Published: January 2015

Human identification (ID) by dental means is well known to the general public and the phrase ‘the body was identified by dental records’ is quite a familiar one. This article provide a brief introduction into the roles and responsibilities of the forensic odontologist
‘Me time’ for the dental nurse
Authors: Busby Mike
Published: January 2015

Mike Busby, Dental Advisor at Denplan, discusses how undertaking focused training, specifically tailored for the dental nurse, can ensure the ongoing success of your practice
Understanding mentoring within primary dental care
Authors: Dawson Trudie
Published: January 2015

Mentoring has a long tradition in clinical supervision and is regarded as an important feature of the current clinical governance and clinical leadership agendas. Trudie Dawson explores the need for mentoring within dentistry, and outlines the range of learning theories that a mentor needs to understand
Renal function
Authors: Roberts Colin
Published: January 2015

Dr Colin Roberts, director of studies in veterinary medicine, Sidney Sussex College Cambridge, discusses the role of the kidneys in the horse
Wet skin conditions
Authors: Shepherd Chris
Published: January 2015

Chris Shepherd BVM&S MRCVS discusses the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of these often quite complex conditions which can become difficult to treat
Equine influenza
Authors: Rash Adam
Published: January 2015

Adam Rash, research assistant, equine influenza surveillance programme, at the Animal Health Trust, outlines the epidemiology of this ever evolving virus
Limb sensitivity testing
Authors: Roberts Colin
Published: January 2015

Dr Colin Roberts, director of studies in veterinary medicine, Sidney Sussex College Cambridge, explains the FEI's Veterinary Regulations
Digital pulses – what do they really mean?
Authors: Watson Rebecca
Published: January 2015

Rebecca Watson MSc RVN, Clinical Specialist EMEA for Midmark Animal Health explains what to look for and the importance of the digital pulse
Conversation starters
Authors: Jones Michael
Published: January 2015

In the last of our series on children's communication from birth to three-years-old, we reflect on the importance of conversation, and how we can make them as effective and enjoyable as possible.
Buttons are everywhere
Authors: Chalmers Debbie
Published: January 2015

A large collection of buttons in assorted colours, shapes and sizes, can be all a setting needs to provide stimulating activities across all seven areas of the Early Years Foundation Stage, as these activities suggest.
Compiling the international standard EN ISO 15883 for washer-disinfectors
Authors: Crispin John , Wassenburg Ronald
Published: January 2015

The modern flexible endoscope, in all its various guises, has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of many conditions, notably in gastrointestinal medicine. Its success has led to a rapid growth in endoscopy services in our hospitals and an increasing focus on the equipment used to decontaminate the devices. John Crispin is a UK representative on the EU Working Group which compiled the international standard BS EN ISO 15883 for washer-disinfectors and Ronald Wassenburg sits as a Dutch representative on the same group. In this article, they will explain some the challenges they faced helping the European Union to develop part 4 of the new standard (which relates specifically to flexible endoscope washers), explain its legal status and reveal the key role played by the humblest component of endoscope decontamination—water.
Christmas tidings: Any gifts for GI nurses?
Authors: Harrison Penny
Published: January 2015

Senior lecturer in adult nursing, De Montfort University, Leicester, argues that in the upcoming year, gastrointestinal nurses cannot depend on financial ring-fencing and will need to use their talents and skills to face the challenges posed by economic constraints and limited resources.
Correspondence
Authors: Smith J , Taylor Amanda , Jones Andrea
Published: January 2015

We would like to offer a response to the last paragraph of Daniel Kellys' commentary on ‘An integrated care pathway for the last two days of life’ (Fowell et al, 2002). Specifically, Kelly (2003) states that ‘Personally I would be more willing to accept care pathways and variance monitoring if they were to be used only to improve standards in areas where the care really does need urgent attention’.
Palliative care and education in Uganda
Authors: Downing Julia
Published: January 2015

Palliative care for people with chronic, life limiting, progressive conditions is a worldwide concern. Progressive illness is defined as long-term illness, that often limits daily activities and which medical interventions can control and not cure (Dowrick et al 2005). Progressive illnesses are the leading cause of death and disability (WHO 2004). Their rising incidence and prevalence creates major challenges for health and social services within individual countries and internationally (WHO 2002).
Supportive and palliative care in end stage renal failure: the need for further research
Authors: Noble Helen , Kelly Daniel
Published: January 2015

TIn the UK, government guidelines related to chronic illness are being used to enhance supportive care of renal patients. Good practice includes ensuring the views of patients and carers are taken into account when developing and evaluating palliative care services. The literature relating to a renal patient's decision not to dialyse is sparse and the evidence base upon which to support effective nursing practice is currently weak. Much can be drawn from the discipline of cancer nursing, however, further research needs to be undertaken to develop new knowledge within the realm of supportive renal care. Having a fuller understanding of how, and when, renal patients finally make difficult end-of-life decisions is crucial in order to offer effective support and deliver an efficient and valuable renal supportive care service.
Palliative care and support for people with neurodegenerative conditions and their carers
Authors: Kristjanson Linda J , Aoun Samar M , Oldham Lynn
Published: January 2015

Aim: To identify and compare the needs for supportive care/ palliative care services of people in Australia with Motor Neuron Disease (MND), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Huntington's Disease (HD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) and the needs of their carers.

Design: National, descriptive survey of service use and support needs for 503 patients and 373 carers. Patients and carers were recruited from the databases of the disease associations in three Australian states. Patients were excluded if the patient had recently been diagnosed or were too sick or disabled to complete the survey. This was a specification of the ethics committee overseeing this project.

Findings: The MND and HD groups had the greatest needs for support and appeared most receptive to a palliative approach. The MS group was least likely to have a carer and more likely to live alone. HD and PD groups had the highest rates of anxiety and HD groups had the highest rate of depression.

Conclusions: Patients and carers who received more tailored services and more palliative care services were the most satisfied. Therefore, results highlight the need for tailored and flexible models of care for these groups with unique care requirements.
Letters
Authors: McNeilly Patricia
Published: January 2015

Syringe driver guidelines
Multidisciplinary approaches to moving and handling for formal and informal carers in community palliative care
Authors: Bartley Carol , Webb Jo-Anne , Bayly Joanne
Published: January 2015

Health professionals such as nurses, physiotherapists and occupational therapists provide a wealth of support in the community to patients and their carers receiving palliative care. Moving and handling is one such support that needs careful consideration and assessment including risk, by appropriately qualified professionals. A combination of skills are required as well as knowledge of up to date equipment to assist the health professional in deciding how to formulate safe moving and handling interventions in a timely way. Patients with palliative care needs and their carers should be given the appropriate care and support necessary using a holistic, flexible and patient-centred approach to service delivery.
Perspectives of Asians living in Texas on pain management in the last days of life
Authors: Duke Gloria , Petersen Sandra
Published: January 2015

Aim:

The recognition that someone's ethnic identity does not necessarily predict their health-care beliefs and preferences, and lack of scientific evidence on this topic provide the fundamental justification for this study. The aim of this descriptive qualitative study was to determine the attitudes about and preferences for pain management in the last days of life for persons born in Japan, China and Vietnam living in Texas.

Method:

Personal interviews were conducted to elicit people's perspectives on pain management, such as open or indirect acknowledgement of pain and endurance of pain for clarity of consciousness.

Results:

Thematic analysis revealed three overarching themes for the Japanese group and five themes each for the Chinese and Vietnamese groups. Avoidance of stereotyping based on cultural background was a major finding of this study.

Conclusion:

Promoting quality of life in the last days of life is a priority for health professionals, and effective, individualised management of pain is of the utmost importance.
Politics and palliative care: Mexico
Authors: Smyth Dion
Published: January 2015

Dion Smyth's review of the internet for palliative nursing
Nutritional considerations for the palliative care patient
Authors: Shaw Clare , Eldridge Lucy
Published: January 2015

Many palliative care patients experience nutritional problems as their conditions progress. This includes those with progressive neurological conditions, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as advanced cancer. Nutritional issues not only impact patients physically but also psychologically and can also have an effect on those caring for them. It is important that patients are screened appropriately and that one identifies what symptoms are potentially affecting their intake. Decisions should always be patient-centred. Nutritional interventions range from food modification and nutritional supplements, to more intense methods such as enteral or parenteral nutrition, and these may have ethical and legal considerations. This article explores the nutritional issues faced by palliative patients, the ethical issues supporting decision-making and the methods of nutritional support available.
Caring for people with motor neurone disease
Authors: Hocking Clare , Paddy Ann , Brott Tamzin
Published: January 2015

This interpretive study aimed to shed light on the experience of living with motor neurone disease (MND). Guided by phenomenological methodology, it involved semi-structured interviews with 4 women and 3 men diagnosed with MND, living in their own home in a major city in New Zealand. Three themes emerged; the wobbly body, doing and being, and changed world — changed future.

The themes reveal the impact of living with a body that cannot follow commands and is increasingly unreliable, of losing the capacity to engage in valued activities, and the complexity of receiving care from family members and health-care workers. Implications include the need to further support individual’s attempts to stay active, provide accurate and consistent information, minimize the number of health-care workers involved with individual clients, and to actively monitor whether care is delivered as contracted.
Quality of life in Parkinson's disease at a geriatric outpatient department in Sweden
Authors: Wressle Ewa , Bringer Birgitta , Granérus Ann-Kathrine
Published: January 2015

This study examined the quality of life in 31 elderly, cognitive well-functioning non-depressed patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) attending an outpatient geriatric unit in Sweden. Quality of life was assessed by the Parkinson's disease questionnaire (PDQ-39).

The participants had a mean age of 77 years and were in stage 1–3 of Parkinson's disease as classified by Hoehn and Yahr (1967). The results showed a significant association between disease severity and quality of life. The most common problems concerned mobility, also associated with increased age. Long duration of PD was associated with decreased mobility, communication and activities of daily living.

This study shows that, even before reaching an advanced stage, PD affects quality of life, with increasing problems as the disease progresses. Health-care professionals need to focus on the patients' perception of quality of life and develop strategies for interventions that might improve daily life for the patients.
Advantages and disadvantages of e-cigarettes
Authors: Attar-Zadeh Darush
Published: January 2015

E-cigarettes are increasingly being used as an alternative to tobacco products, explains Darush Attar-Zadeh
Fathers and fatherhood: Changing trends and cultural factors
Authors: Baldwin Sharin
Published: January 2015

There has been a recent drive for increased father involvement in the policy context. The Healthy Child Programme puts a strong emphasis on parenting support, specifically concentrating on supporting strong couple relationships, engaging with fathers, and supporting the transition to parenthood for first-time parents. Health visitors are ideally placed to support fathers as well as mothers, and should therefore have a strong understanding of the notion of fatherhood and the changing trends, in order to provide appropriate support and deliver effective services to fathers. This paper is the first part of a two-part series, which examines the notion of fatherhood, the changing trends and fatherhood in relation to culture, religion and children.
Insider perspectives: Qualitative insight from health visitor practice teachers and managers in 2012/13
Authors: Brook Judy , Salmon Debra
Published: January 2015

This study was conducted to understand the impact of the Health Visitor Implementation Plan on practice in the South West of England from the perspective of practice teachers and managers. A qualitative approach was used; data from practice teachers and managers were collected via semistructured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. Ten practice teachers and seven managers took part. Increased student numbers following the launch of the implementation plan influenced models of practice supervision, which practice teachers found challenging but also felt had unexpected benefits for the workforce. Managers recognised tensions between newly qualified practitioners and existing staff already providing services using more traditional models. The results reiterate the complex relationship between policy and practice and promote discussion around supervision models and the influence of newly qualified health visitors on the service delivery of the future.
TriHV: A new fundraising challenge for health visitors
Authors: Walker Melita
Published: January 2015

Following the successful Great Health Visitors–Great North Run campaign in 2014, Melita Walker has devised a new idea to raise money for the Institute of Health Visiting, and she is calling on health visitors across the country to get involved.
A new era of Fellowship
Authors: Morton Alison
Published: January 2015

In the first of a new series from Fellows of the Institute of Health Visiting, Alison Morton reflects on some of her experiences and highlights since being awarded the Fellowship.
Surgical debridement alone does not adequately reduce planktonic bioburden in chronic lower extremity wounds
Authors: Schwartz J.A. , Goss S.G. , Facchin F. , Avdagic E. , Lantis J.C.
Published: January 2015

Objective:

It is commonly believed that sharp surgical debridement provides adequate bacteria control for local wound beds, despite limited supporting scientific evidence. We undertook a prospective study to evaluate the reduction in planktonic bacteria pre- and post-operative debridement in critically colonised wounds.

Method:

Twelve patients, corresponding to 14 wounds, underwent debridement with either hydrodebridement or sharp steel debridement with pulse irrigation. Wound quantitative tissue cultures were taken pre- and post-debridement. There was no significant difference in wound aetiology or surface area between the two groups.

Results:

TThe bacterial counts before debridement were 1×107 colony-forming units per gram (CFU/g) in the hydrodebridement group vs 1.4×107 CFU/g in the sharp debridement group; and 2.5×106 CFU/g (hydrodebridement) vs 7.5×105 CFU/g (sharp) after debridement (p=0.41). The total bacteria reduction was 7.5×106 CFU/g after hydrodebridement vs 1.3×107 CFU/g after sharp steel debridement (p=0.37). The mean percentage of bacteria killed from baseline was 75% by hydrodebridement and 93% killed by sharp debridement (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

Extensive operative debridement using either modality does not provide adequate immediate reduction in wound planktonic bioburden. However, all wounds appeared clinically appropriate for closure after debridement and postoperative antibacterial therapy. Postoperative antibacterial therapy may be imperative in cases of critically colonised wounds to achieve good outcomes.

Declaration of interest:

The senior author receives research grant support from Healthpoint Biotherapeutics; KCI; Manuka Honey; Smith & Nephew; Medline Ind., Macrocure; CODA. In addition the senior author is a consultant for: Smith & Nephew and KCI and medical consultant and reviewer for Macrocure. While the study as presented evaluates in part the efficacy of a commercial product from Smith & Nephew, no industry support for this study was sought or provided.
Fluid therapy in adult cattle
Authors: Adams James
Published: January 2015

Fluid therapy is a problem frequently addressed by practicing veterinarians when dealing with calves, but many are reluctant to address fluid imbalances properly in adult cattle. This is due to: having to restrain the animal; the volume needed to be administered; the time it takes to administer and monitor the animal post treatment; and perhaps the biggest determining factor which is cost.

The most common causes of dehydration or shock, and their resulting metabolic and electrolyte derangements, differ between mature cattle and calves ( Roussel, 2014 ) with the majority of cows being alkalotic.

The underlying cause needs to be identified and corrected, with fluid therapy often a key factor in aiding recovery. The practitioner must decide on volume deficit, type of fluid, and the volume and route the fluids are to be given if they are to correct circulatory collapse, electrolyte imbalances and base deficits.
CattleReview
Authors: Barrett David C
Published: January 2015

Introduction:

This Cattle Review reports on a meta-analysis of studies considering BVDV vaccine use, the microbiota of the post-partum bovine uterus and its association with endometritis and a calf diarrhoea prevention programme.
Maedi visna virus infection: where are we now?
Authors: Gibson Lynn
Published: January 2015

Maedi visna virus infection is a chronic infectious disease of sheep that cannot be treated nor can it be prevented by vaccination. The main routes of transmission are through ingestion of infected colostrum and through nose to nose contact with infected stock. The virus can be introduced to a flock through the purchase of a single infected animal. Maedi visna infection has the potential to cause major production losses and once a flock is heavily infected it is difficult to control and eradicate. This article provides an overview of the disease and offers practical advice on diagnosis and control.
The physiology of the diabetic foot
Authors: Griffiths Elizabeth , Williams Katherine
Published: January 2015

Diabetic foot problems are major complications of diabetes mellitus, and are often understated by nurses when assessing diabetic patients. Diabetes is a chronic disorder which affects people of all ages. Diabetes can affect the nerve and/or blood supply to the lower limbs (Pudner, 1998). This leads to complications such as foot ulcers. Foot ulcers have been found to be one of the most common reasons for a diabetic to be admitted to hospital (Fletcher, 1990). These ulcers are often difficult to heal, and can result in gangrene and loss of a limb.
Chamydial infections in men
Authors: Allison Frank
Published: January 2015

Chlamydia infection is now considered to be the most common sexually transmitted disease (STD) in Great Britain and the United States. Statistics obtained from clinics (Department of Health, 1998) show that just over 30000 cases per year of chlamydia are diagnosed, but the true figure is estimated to be as much as 10 times higher. Despite being more common than other well-publicised conditions such as HIV, herpes and gonorrhoea, relatively few people seem to know very much about it. The Health Education Authority (1998) carried out a poll last year and found that only 27% of those adults who were surveyed actually knew what chlamydia was.
When toys come alive
Authors: Doyle Phoebe
Published: January 2015

Phoebe Doyle looks at three special toys (puppets, dolls and teddy bears) and their potential to contribute to personal, social and emotional development activities with children.
Roll up! Roll up!
Authors: Cruickshank Sarah
Published: January 2015

The renowned Cirque du Soleil is performing in London early this year. The circus can be a useful theme to introduce some new activities and skills, and help the physical development of the children in your setting.
Calcium Oxide Decomposed From Chicken’s and Goat’s Bones as Catalyst For Converting Discarded Cooking Oil to be Biodiesel
Authors: Lesbani Aldes , Susi Yosine , Verawaty Marieska , Mohadi Risfidian
Published: January 2015

Thermal decomposition of calcium oxide from chicken’s (Gallus gallus domesticus) and goat’s (Capra Hircus Aegragus) bones was prepared at temperature variations of 400, 500, 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 oC respectively. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), FT-IR and SEM were used for calcium oxide characterization. XRD diffraction pattern of the bone’s after thermal decomposition at 1100oC has similarity to the XRD standard diffraction pattern from Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standard (JCPDS). Diffractions of 2q values being used are 34.2o, 37.3o, 58.3o, 64.1o, and 67.3 o.  Ca-O presence in the samples was detected by FT-IR characterization at wavenumber of 354,90 cm-1. SEM profile show reducing size of bones after decomposition in both chicken’s and goat’s bones. Furthermore, the prepared calcium oxide was applied for biodiesel synthesis from discarded cooking oil through transesterification reaction. By applying the catalysts decomposed from chicken’s and goat’s bones, the biodiesel product showed characteristics as follows: biodiesel applied the chicken’s bone catalyst has fatty acid number of 0.56 mg/KOH, iod number of 22.41 g I2/100 g KOH, density of 0.88 g/cm3 and viscosity of 5.91 mm2/s, while biodiesel applied the goat’s bone catalyst has 0.56 mg/KOH, iod number of 21.57 g I2/100 g KOH, density of 0.88 g/cm3 and viscosity of 6.34 mm2/s. Those biodiesel’s characteristic values meet the National Standard of Indonesia (SNI) for biodiesel.
Scriptwriting as paradox and process: The complex case of Eric Rohmer
Authors: Handyside Fiona
Published: January 2015

This article discusses the creative working processes of Eric Rohmer (1920–2010). It argues that his method, of working on film subjects for decades, and carefully preparing every aspect of his films, contrasts with a deliberately ‘amateur’ and improvisational approach, influenced to a certain extent by ethnographic film. Rohmer provides an unusual and fascinating case study, combining approaches to scriptwriting that are usually seen as diametrically opposed.
Reviews
Authors: Hatfield Charles , Mendonça Penelope , Valente Alex
Published: January 2015

Studies in graphic selfhood: A review essay

Graphic Subjects: Critical Essays on Autobiography and Graphic Novels, Michael A. Chaney (ed.) (2011) Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 336 pp., ISBN: 9780299251048, p/bk, $26.95

Graphic Women: Life Narrative and Contemporary Comics, Hillary L. Chute (2010) New York: Columbia University Press, 316 pp., ISBN: 9780231150620, h/bk, $85.00; ISBN: 9780231150637, p/bk, $28.00

Bump; How to Make, Grow and Birth a Baby, Kate Evans (2014) Brighton: Myriad Editions, 320 pp. ISBN: 9781908434357, p/bk, £10.49

Comics Unmasked: Art and Anarchy in the UK, British Library, London, 2 May–19 August 2014
Relationships between climatic variables and tree-ring width of European beech and European larch growing outside of their natural distribution area
Authors: Jansons Āris , Matisons Roberts , Puriņa Līga , Neimane Una , Jansons Jānis
Published: January 2015

Relationships between climatic variables and tree-ring width (TRW) of dominant European larch ( Mill.) and European beech ( L.) trees growing outside of their natural distribution area in western Latvia were studied. Chronologies of TRW, which covered the periods 1949â2012 and 1911â2012, were produced for beech and larch, respectively. Common signatures in TRW between both species were observed, but their amplitude differed. Correlation analysis showed that variation of TRW of both species was affected by drought related climatic variables. Tree-ring width of beech was affected by temperature in the previous July and August and the effect of spring and autumn temperature was observed. Since the 1980s, the effect of July precipitation has become significant. Summer precipitation was significant for larch in the mid-part of the previous century; however, temperature in the previous September has become a limiting factor since 1970s. The limiting effect of winter and spring temperature apparently lost its significance around the 1950s.Larix deciduaFagus sylvatica
Conformance of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus estimated from the results of the oral glucose tolerance testsand glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level
Authors: Shestakova E A
Published: January 2015

The study population of 127 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk factors underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and HbA1c measurement for diagnostic reasons. HbA1c revealed less diabetic patients than OGTT (31% vs 43%). HbA1c >7% and OGTT were similar in confirming diabetes, but HbA1c <7% suggests the need for OGTT performance to validate the diagnosis.
The influence of a program of structured diabetes education on the glycemic control and quality of life during transition of the patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus to insulin pump therapy with continuous real-time monitoring blood glucose leve
Authors: Ibragimova L I , Philippov Yu I , Mayorov A Yu
Published: January 2015

Aim of the study. To estimate the effectiveness of the new program of structured diabetes education for the groups of the patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) during their transition to sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy in terms of improvement of the glycemic control and quality of life (QL). Material and methods. The study included 35 patients presenting with DM1: 14 men, mean age 26.5 years (24; 36). The patients were divided into two groups. Those in the study group received a structured diabetes education (n=19), those in the control group were given conventional education (n=16). The patients of group 1 were transferred to SAP therapy in the framework of group education based on the specialized structured program. The education of control patients was carried out on an individual basis in the previous period at the places of residence. Quality of life and emotional well-being were estimated with the use of the validated Russian versions of the SF-36, ADDQoL, and WB-Q12 questionnaires. The effectiveness of glycemic control and QL were evaluated within 4 months after the completion of education and transition to SAP. Results. The patients of both groups were not initially different in the HbA1c level: 8.1 (8.0; 9.2) versus 8.8 (7.7; 9.0) (p>0.05). The HbA1c level: decreased in the two groups within 4 months after the initiation of SAP therapy: 7.3 (6.3; 7.8) versus 8.0 (6.3; 8.5) (p>0.05). The decrease was more pronounced in the group of the patients who received the structured diabetes education than in the control group (p=0.036). The patients transferred to SAP in the framework of the structured education program tended to have higher indices of QL and emotional well-being than the patients given the standard education. Conclusion. The use of the specialized structured program for the education for the groups of the patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus during transition to SAP therapy results not only in a more pronounced improvement of glycemic control indices but also in the positive changes of certain QL characteristics.
The modern methods for topical diagnostics of insulinomas
Authors: Dedov Ivan Ivanovich , Krivko Alena Anatolyevna , Remizov Oleg Valeryevich , Soldatova Tatyana Vasilyevna , Leites Yuriy Germanovich , Kuznetsov Nikolay Sergeevich , Troshina Ekaterina Anatolyevna
Published: January 2015

The results of comparative analysis of the data on sensitivity and specificity of different methods for topical diagnostics of insulinomas are presented. It is concluded that MSCT and intraoperative ultrasound study are the most sensitive and specific methods for this purpose among the non-invasive and invasive techniques, respectively. An optimal algorithm for diagnostics of the tumours is proposed.
Rare localization of an ACTH-producing tumour
Authors: Kuznetsov N S , Marova E I , Remizov O V , Latkina N V , Dobreva E A , Voskoboinikov V V , Krylov V V , Voronkova I A
Published: January 2015

The ultimate rarity of ACTH-ectopic syndrome caused by a caecal tumour, its diversified clinical picture, and difficulty of topical diagnostics are the main causes of many diagnostic errors and the resulting unsuccessful treatment of this condition. The present paper was designed to report 3 our experience with the management of the patients presenting with this pathology.
The levels of adipocyte protein, a transporter of fatty acids, and adiponectin in the adolescents presenting with obesity and their relationship with the distribution of the adipose tissue
Authors: Okorokov P L , Vasyukova O V , Vorontsov A V , Ilyin A V , Vladimirova V P , Averkieva E V
Published: January 2015

This study included 130 patients at the age of 14-17 years presenting with constitutional exogenous obesity (CEO) and 24 children without obesity (controls). The levels of adipocyte protein, a transporter of fatty acids (FABP4), in the sera of the adolescents with CEO were significantly higher than in the absence of obesity. They did not depend on the stage of puberty and differed in the children of different sex. The serum adiponectin level in the boys showed negative correlation with the amount of visceral adipose tissue and decreased progressively with the increase in the degree of obesity. The rise in the serum FABP4 level in the girls was associated with the increase in the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue and positively correlated with the severity of obesity. Visceral obesity in the adolescents was accompanied by a variety of metabolic disorders while changes in the waist circumference did not reflect dynamics in the amount of visceral adipose tissue.
Federal clinical practice guidelines on the diagnostics and treatment of adrenocortical cancer
Authors: Melnichenko G A , Stilidi I S , Alekseev B Ya , Gorbunova V A , Beltsevich D G , Raikhman A O , Kuznetsov N S , Zhukov N V , Bokhyan V Yu
Published: January 2015

Statement of hormonal activity and potential malignancy are the most important issues of diagnosis and selection of appropriate treatment way for patients with adrenal tumors. Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) is rare disease with poor prognosis. Incidience of ACC is about 0.5-2 per million, and no more then 2-4% among adrenal tumors. This draft of guidelines of diagnosis and treatment of ACC is offered to common discussion among wide round of specialists.
The effectiveness of analysis of octreotide-depo, a long-acting somatostatin analog, for the treatment of the patients presenting with active phase of acromegalia
Authors: Dreval A V , Pokramovich Yu G , Tishenina R S
Published: January 2015

This paper reports the results of the year-long treatment of 46 patients presenting with active phase of acromegalia (39 (85%) women and 7 (15%) men, at the age varying from 22 to 76 years) using the long-acting somatostatin analog octreotide-depo. The treatment was started using a dose of 20 mg with the measurement of GH and IGF-1 levels each 3 months; the dose was titrated as appropriate. The maximum dose of octreotide-depo amounted to 40 mg. The effectiveness of therapy was evaluated from the severity and frequency of the principle symptoms of acromegalia, viz. facial, hand, and leg soft tissue oedema, fatigue, excessive sweating, headache, arthralgia, elevated blood GH and IGF-1 levels. The target GH levels were considered to be below 2.5 ng/ml and those of IGF-1 within the normal age-specific concentration range. The most well-apparent regression of clinical symptoms was observed within the first 3 months after the onset of the treatment, concurrently with the maximum reduction of blood GH and IGF-1 levels. The values reached during the first 3 months remained unaltered up to the end of the study. Simultaneous normalization of the blood GH and IGF-1 levels was documented in 55% of the patients. The clinical symptoms most frequently disappeared in the patients with normal IGF-1 levels. The adverse reactions of octreotide-depo therapy included short-term diarrhea (45.6%), meteorism (25.1%), abdominal pain (26%), nausea (13.4%), constipation (10.8%). These conditions were not serious and did not require the withdrawal of the preparation.
Specific clinical and hormonal features of the non-classical form of 21-hydroxilase deficiency in the children during the first year of life detected from the results of neonatal screening
Authors: Ionova T A , Tyulpakov A N
Published: January 2015

The non-classical form of 21-hydroxilase deficiency (21-OHD) has up to now been fairly well studied only in the patients of prepubertal and pubertal age as well as in the women of reproductive age. The advent of neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAD) made it possible to more frequently detect 21-OHD in the children during the first year of life. The domestic literature proposes no clinical and laboratory criteria for 21-OHD in the young children. The results of neonatal screening of 50 children presenting with elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels carried out in the period from 2011 to 2013 were used to form two groups of patients, one comprised of 20 children with verified 21-OHD (group 1), the other containing 30 "healthy" children showing the false-positive elevation of 21-OHD levels. All the patients underwent the comprehensive clinical and hormonal examination supplemented by the molecular-genetic analysis. The main criterion for the inclusion of children in group 1 was the presence of mutations in the CYP21 gene It was shown that determination of 21-OHD by tandem mass-spectrometry (TMS) including that in the framework of multisteroid analysis yields the most specific and accurate data in the children below one year of age; such analysis is indicated to all patients in whom the neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia reveals the slightly elevated 17-OHP levels. The analysis for the group of patients with verified 21-OHD has demonstrated the absence of clinical and laboratory signs of adrenal insufficiency and/or hyperandrogenism in the children aged below 1 year.
The influence of the hypoglycemic agent glycorazmulin on the functional state of mitochondria in the rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes
Authors: Asrarov M I , Pozilov M K , Ergaschev N A , Rachmatullaeva M M
Published: January 2015

We have studied the state of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), respiration, and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria of the liver and pancreas of the rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In addition, we considered the approaches to the correction of membraneous lesions with the help of glycorazmulin, a hypoglycemic preparation based on mumiyo (Jew's tar) and an extract from rhodiola roots and tubers (Rhodiola Semenovii A.). The mitochondria swelling rate in the liver and pancreas of the rats with experimental diabetes mellitus is known to be lower than in the unaffected animals; in other words, hepatic and pancreatic megapores in case of pathology remain open. Glycorazmulin normalizes their state and thereby eliminates the effect of spreptozotocin on mitochondria. The mitochondrial respiration rate in the liver and pancreas of the rats with experimental diabetes inceases at states V3 and V4 which results in a significant decrease of respiratory and ADP/O coefficients compared with the control values. The results of the study suggest decoupling of respiration from oxidative phosphorylation in the rats with experimental diabetes. Glycorazmulin administered per os at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. during 8 days eliminated functional disorders of mitochondria in the liver and pancreas of the rats, presumably by virtue of its antioxidative properties.
A sustainability assessment of the Hostětín cider house project
Authors: Labohý Jan , Gaillyová Yvonna , Machů Radim
Published: January 2015

The article presents and assesses the Hostětín cider house – a sustainability oriented local economy project in the Czech Republic. The project is described in detail: its origin, development and operation, funding, and relationships with involved actors. The background of the sustainability indicators science and a comprehensive description of the project ena-bled the authors to propose complex indicators to assess sustainability of the project in relation to different kinds of capital according to Meadows. Sustainability characteristics are outlined with regards to the technology used, including energy resources, the apples used in the production process (which represent local cultural heritage), products or waste. Effects to the local economy are measured using the local multiplier effect indicator. The assessment suggests that the initial goals of the cider house project have been met and the project supports sustainable development.