bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Policy Makers and Their Communication Strategy
Authors: Netti Giulia
Published: April 2020

This paper wants to verify how politicians move within different communication channels, both in traditional networks (i.e., exploitative communications) and social network (i.e., explorational communications). The study of the role of these two forms of communication may ameliorate the current understanding of how politicians communicate with citizens; and also it aims at examining the relationship between traditional forms of communication used by politicians (here intended as the use of a personal website) and the use of social network (here measured in terms of the number of posts on Twitter) in influencing the tendency to be followed on social networks.This research aims to demonstrate that the choice of politicians in adopting both exploitative communication and explorational communication is more effective and efficient than choosing to adopt a single strategy.It is made two different study. In the study 1, we a collected data about votes by section, number elected by section, average voters for the last legislature for each Italian party. Data were extracted from the Minister of Internal Affairs. Five models were created and they are estimated for the most important Parties of the last legislature in which reliable data exist for votes by section, number elected by section, average voters, Followers on Facebook, Likes Instagram, Likes Facebook, Followers on Instagram, Facebook Profile and Followers on Twitter.The supplementary analysis is further test of our hypothesis. We a collected data concerning traditional channels - in particular the use of institutional websites and personal websites - and data relating to social media in particular, were collected for each individual parliamentarian (deputies and senators).Specifically, a moderation analysis was conducted in which followers on Twitter served as the dependent variable. The results support our hypothesis.This study has found important and significant results compared to the use of social media by Italian politicians. However, it has many potentialities to explore.
Implementation of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Assisted by E-Learning through Lesson Study Activities to Improve the Quality of Learning in Physics Learning Planning Courses
Authors: Widyaningsih Sri Wahyu , Yusuf Irfan
Published: April 2020

This study aims to improve the quality of learning in physics learning planning courses through the implementation of Project Based Learning (PjBL) assisted by E-Learning through Lesson Study activities. This type of research was qualitative research through the stages of Lesson Study activities. Subjects in this study were the 5th-semester students who program 11 physics learning planning subjects in the 2018-2019 academic year in the Department of Physics Education, University of Papua. The research data was obtained through the student learning outcomes test instrument that was given after the submission of each topic of study, observation sheet of student activities, interview guidelines, documentation in the form of video recordings during open class implementation, and student response questionnaire. Data were analyzed through Rasch modeling with the help of the Winstep application to analyze student responses after learning. Lesson Study activities consist of three phases of activities, namely Plan, Do, and See. In the Plan stage discussions with the team of lecturers were held to develop Chapter Design and Lesson Plan. In the Do stage, the model lecturer based on the tools that have been prepared does learning. In the See stage, the reflection was done to find out weaknesses and strengths during learning which is then followed up on further learning. The results showed that student-learning outcomes increased student responses to good learning and learning atmosphere seemed very fun. Therefore, it can be concluded that through the implementation of PjBL assisted E-Learning through Lesson Study activities can improve the quality of learning in physics learning planning subjects.
Reporting and responding to patient safety incidents based on data from hospitals’ reporting systems: A systematic review
Authors: Uibu Ere , Põlluste Kaja , Lember Margus , Kangasniemi Mari
Published: April 2020

Objective: This review summarizes and synthesizes the evidence on follow-up activities regarding patient safety incidents reported in hospitals.Methods: Peer-reviewed papers were retrieved with electronic searches from CINAHL, Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases and with manual searches in most relevant journals and in the reference lists of included studies, limiting searches to papers published in English between 2014 and 2018. A systematic review was conducted in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Two authors extracted the data following a predefined extraction form.Results: All together 16 studies were selected for analysis. All studies described incidents and gave insight into problems, risks and unsafe situations which were responded to with recommended improvements. Recommended improvements in response to incidents involved guidelines, staff training, technical improvements and general safety improvements. Only five studies reported feedback and knowledge dissemination activities, referring to meetings, written support and visual support.Conclusions: Limited research has described the systematic use of report outcomes for knowledge application in organizations. However, the development of patient safety requires that reported incidents are responded to by knowledge application within feedback and knowledge dissemination activities. Therefore, healthcare professionals need to have sufficient competences in patient safety, and more research is needed on the content and effectiveness of the responding activities.
The Comparison of Mental Rotation Performances and Academic Achievements in Students of the Faculty of Sport Sciences and Education Sciences
Authors: Şahin Şenay , Şahin Ersin , Sağdilek Engin , Vatansever Şerife , Birinci Yakup Zühtü , Güngör Ali Kamil , Kızıltan Erhan
Published: April 2020

Mental rotation (MR) is the ability to rotate three-dimensional objects using the imagination. As the ability to generate, retrieve, maintain, and manipulate visual-spatial information, MR plays a critical role throughout education and sport. In this aspect our objective in this study was to compare MR performances and academic achievement between students of art, foreign languages (FL), computer-instructional technologies (CIT) and physical education (PE).

In the computer-based MR test, the image files of the library “Mental Rotation Stimulus Library” were used with the written permission of the author. A total of 144 participants composed of 79 males and 65 females volunteered in the study.

Comparing the academic achievements (AA) with the PE group and art, CIT, FL and control groups; it was observed that all the groups are better than PE (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between PE and all groups in MR performances (p > 0.05).

In conclusion, PE students performed similarly with other students in terms of MR, although their AA were low. MR ability is clearly related not only to problem solving, acquiring mathematical knowledge and academic thinking but also to motor abilties.
Najaarsvergadering Vereniging voor Gezondheidsrecht
Authors: Steen S.M.
Published: April 2020

Najaarsvergadering Vereniging voor Gezondheidsrecht

Op 1 november 2019 vond de Najaarsvergadering van de Vereniging voor Gezondheidsrecht plaats. Op de agenda stonden de Wet zorg en dwang en de Wet verplichte ggz, die inmiddels op 1 januari 2020 in werking zijn getreden. In deze samenvatting komen de bijdragen van de drie sprekers en de belangrijkste onderdelen van de plenaire discussie aan bod.
Structural Integrity of Vascular System in Branching Units of Coniferous Shoot
Authors: Banasiak Alicja , Zagórska-Marek Beata
Published: April 2020

In conifers with spiral phyllotaxis, two numbers: one of the vascular sympodia and the second of cortical resin canals, define the shoot anatomic diameter. This in turn reflects the size and vigor of the apical meristem. Both numbers belong to the mathematical series, associated with the shoot phyllotactic pattern. The number of canals is one step lower in a series than the number of sympodia. The first one, easier to determine, automatically defines the second. Using this protocol and screening the large number of branching shoots of selected conifers, we have discovered strong correlation between orientation of vascular sympodia in the lateral and supporting branches. There was no such correlation with regard to the chiral configurations of phyllotaxis. This finding reveals the presence of special phyllotactic compensation in the case of differences in anatomic diameter of the parental and lateral shoot under the imperative of maintaining the sympodia orientation within one branching unit. Phyllotaxis of the axillary apex is evidently not established at random but adapted to the condition of the subtending axis. The monopodial, regularly branching shoot of conifers is an attractive example of biological system, which is not a sum of independent, iteratively formed units. Rather, it appears to be an entity organized on hierarchically higher level, which emerges from coordination of developmental processes in a population of the units.
Revision of the aperturally dentate Charopidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) of southern Africa – genus Afrodonta s. lat., with description of five new genera, twelve new species and one new subspecies
Authors: Herbert David
Published: April 2020

The genus Afrodonta s. lat. is shown to comprise several lineages with distinctive shell characters primarily associated with the microsculpture of the protoconch and teleoconch, and the manner in which the apertural barriers are deposited. These lineages comprise Afrodonta s. str. and five new genera: Amatholedonta gen. nov., Biomphalodonta gen. nov., Costulodonta gen. nov., Iterodonta gen. nov. and Phialodonta gen. nov. Twelve new species are described, doubling the diversity of aperturally dentate charopid snails known from southern Africa. All new species are narrow-range endemics. A new subspecies of one of the more widely distributed species of Afrodonta s. str. is also described. Keys to genera and species are provided. New species and subspecies: Afrodonta geminodonta sp. nov., Af. inhluzaniensis leptolamellaris subsp. nov., Af. mystica sp. nov., Af. pentodon sp. nov., Amatholedonta fordycei gen. et sp. nov., Biomphalodonta forticostata gen. et sp. nov., Costulodonta bidens gen. et sp. nov., C. pluridens gen. et sp. nov., Iterodonta ammonita gen. et sp. nov., Phialodonta agulhasae gen. et sp. nov., P. atromontana gen. et sp. nov., P. aviana gen. et sp. nov. and P. rivalalea gen. et sp. nov. New synonyms: Afrodonta bilamellaris londonensis Solem, 1970 = Afrodonta bilamellaris Melvill & Ponsonby, 1908. New combinations: Afrodonta acinaces Connolly, 1933, Afrodonta burnupi Connolly, 1933 and Afrodonta trilamellaris Melvill & Ponsonby, 1908 are transferred to Costulodonta gen. nov.; Afrodonta bimunita Connolly, 1939 is transferred to Amatholedonta gen. nov.; Afrodonta introtuberculata Connolly, 1933 and Afrodonta perfida Burnup, 1912 are transferred to Phialodonta gen. nov.
Not Just in English Anymore: Government Documents in Other Languages
Authors: Canfield Jane
Published: April 2020

Think about a disaster that you have never experienced personally or that occurs in other areas but not where you live. For me, that is a wildfire. Now, imagine that the only available information is in a language you cannot read or understand. For my first few years living in Puerto Rico that was me.
Yolk-sac-derived macrophages progressively expand in the mouse kidney with age
Authors: Ide Shintaro , Yahara Yasuhito , Kobayashi Yoshihiko , Strausser Sarah A , Ide Kana , Watwe Anisha , Xu-Vanpala Shengjie , Privratsky Jamie R , Crowley Steven D , Shinohara Mari L , Alman Benjamin A , Souma Tomokazu
Published: April 2020

Renal macrophages represent a highly heterogeneous and specialized population of myeloid cells with mixed developmental origins from the yolk-sac and hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). They promote both injury and repair by regulating inflammation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Recent reports highlight differential roles for ontogenically distinct renal macrophage populations in disease. However, little is known about how these populations change over time in normal, uninjured kidneys. Prior reports demonstrated a high proportion of HSC-derived macrophages in the young adult kidney. Unexpectedly, using genetic fate-mapping and parabiosis studies, we found that yolk-sac-derived macrophages progressively expand in number with age and become a major contributor to the renal macrophage population in older mice. This chronological shift in macrophage composition involves local cellular proliferation and recruitment from circulating progenitors and may contribute to the distinct immune responses, limited reparative capacity, and increased disease susceptibility of kidneys in the elderly population.
Dual orexin and MCH neuron-ablated mice display severe sleep attacks and cataplexy
Authors: Hung Chi Jung , Ono Daisuke , Kilduff Thomas S , Yamanaka Akihiro
Published: April 2020

Orexin/hypocretin-producing and melanin-concentrating hormone-producing (MCH) neurons are co-extensive in the hypothalamus and project throughout the brain to regulate sleep/wakefulness. Ablation of orexin neurons decreases wakefulness and results in a narcolepsy-like phenotype, whereas ablation of MCH neurons increases wakefulness. Since it is unclear how orexin and MCH neurons interact to regulate sleep/wakefulness, we generated transgenic mice in which both orexin and MCH neurons could be ablated. Double-ablated mice exhibited increased wakefulness and decreased both rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. Double-ablated mice showed severe cataplexy compared with orexin neuron-ablated mice, suggesting that MCH neurons normally suppress cataplexy. Double-ablated mice also showed frequent sleep attacks with elevated spectral power in the delta and theta range, a unique state that we call ‘delta-theta sleep’. Together, these results indicate a functional interaction between orexin and MCH neurons in vivo that suggests the synergistic involvement of these neuronal populations in the sleep/wakefulness cycle.
Benefit Cost Analysis of Ugu (Telfaria occidentalis Hook.F.) Marketing in Bauchi, Nigeria
Authors: Iroegbute U. K. , Nandi A. J. , Moses J. , Olaleye D. A. , Jibo I. M.
Published: April 2020

The study examined the economic analysis of “Ugu’’ marketing in Bauchi metropolis. The study was done by purposively selected four markets based on their popularity and availability of ‘’Ugu’’. A simple random technique was used in selecting the respondents and data was collected through the use of structured questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and gross margin analysis. The result revealed that the purchasing cost for “ugu” was 22,000 per head (bunch) and after incurring other cost components the BCR was 1.14 kobo indicating that the business was a profitable venture with a return per naira invested as 0.14 kobo. The result also revealed that most of the marketers were women (64.28%) with majority of them within the active age of 31-39 with a mean age 41.2 years. The majority (66.10%) of the marketers are married with (55.40%) having household size 1-5 persons. The marketers had one form of education or the other with majority (69.64%) having secondary education and 60.71% having marketing experience of 6-10 years. The major constraints encountered by the marketers were perishability and insufficient capital which accounted for 57.14% and 32.16% respectively. Therefore our technology incubation centers should work on a better means of preserving our vegetable. The government and financial institutions should devise means of extending soft loans to the marketers so as to improve their marketing activities.
Arthropod Pests and Tomato Value Chain: Review of Research Cocktails in Nigeria
Authors: Oso Adeola Abiola
Published: April 2020

Background: Tomato is an essential and remunerative staple food widely grown and consumed in all parts of Nigeria. The northern parts of the country produce ninety-eighth percent of the tomatoes consumed annually. However, higher percentages of tomatoes produced in these regions are lost due to gaps recorded in its value chain.

Principal Findings: Tomato value chain needs to be strengthened from production to processing, preservation and good marketing structure. Challenges bedevilling tomato value chain in Nigeria include poor accessibility to production inputs such as seeds, nurseries, fertilizers; poor packing systems and transportation problems; marketing challenges and yield reduction caused by a complex of arthropod pests attacking the crop. The major arthropod pests inflicting economic damage on tomato include fruit borer, whitefly, aphid, thrips and leaf miners.

Interventions: Considering the Nigerian Government’s recent interventions: “close border”, increased tariffs on the importation, and different incentives such as “tax holiday” and introduction of zero percent import duty on greenhouse equipment, soft loans through Bank of Agriculture as well as a national collaborative effort against the menace of tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) invasion; How much of these interjectory efforts have translated to the realization of national self-sufficiency in the tomato value chain?

Conclusion: This paper highlights the general introduction of tomato, its botany, nutritional benefits, tomato value chain in Nigeria, Nigerian government interventions towards its sustainability with particular focus on research cocktails at combating the problems of arthropod pests on the tomato to identify the probable critical solutions to these harmful pests.
Analytical Solution of the Transport Equation for Exponentially Decreasing Initial Concentration in Shallow Water Table Condition in an Irrigated Field
Authors: Pal Ram , Imtiyaz M. , Sharma H. C.
Published: April 2020

Most of the agricultural activities are limited for the depth of 15 – 20 cm and rest soil remain enact for long periods which inhibits the microbial activities below this depths and create an initial concentration of nutrients exponentially decreasing with depth. An attempt has been made to develop analytical models for time-dependent nitrification/ denitrification and depth-dependent absorption of urea fertilizer in high water table conditions with fertigation. Laplace transformation method was used to solve the unsteady-state advection-dispersion equation. The analytical solutions that can be derived by this method assist understanding of the movement of fertilizer in irrigated fields. The developed models were validated with the experimental results. They were closely predicting the fertilizer movement in one-dimension soil medium. The little deviation of result from observed values may be due to change of dispersion coefficient and velocity with moisture content. Here these parameters were assumed as constant throughout the time under consideration. Models developed for constant degradation rate is predicting very close to observe values which shows that the soil under study has no depth-dependent degradation. The developed models may be helpful for the planning of drain design, nutrient management and assessment of potential hazards to groundwater in agricultural fields by the knowledge of exact transport parameters and boundary conditions universally.
Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection among Adult Females in Omu-Aran South-West Nigeria
Authors: James A. Ndako , Owolabi Akinyomade , Olatinsu Oludolapo , Omolade Adedapo O. , Ifeanyi Ilochi
Published: April 2020

Background: Urinary tract infection is caused by the presence and replication of microorganisms in the urinary tract. Urinary tract infection is a major health problem among females especially among pregnant women and this is caused by the physiological makeup of the female urinary tract.

Objective: This study was designed to assess the epidemiology of UTIs present amidst pregnant women and females residing in the Omu-Aran community.

Materials and Methods: A total of 100 individuals were involved of which 50 were pregnant women while the remaining 50 were non-pregnant females. Semi-structured questionnaires were distributed to all participants to obtain their data. Samples of urine (early morning midstream) were collected in universal bottles from participants. The urine specimens were cultured on four different agar plates which were; cystein lactose electrolyte deficient agar, blood agar, MacConkey agar and nutrient agar for significant bacteria growth. Microscopic and macroscopic examination was also carried out on the samples for possible detection of infections.

Results: The result of the culture showed a significant bacterial growth of 77% and 23% of the samples collected showed no significant bacterial growth. Bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus spp., Proteus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were isolated. With Staphylococcus aureus predominantly present and observed as the causative factor for (45.4%) occurrence of UTIs, closely followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus (13.0%), Escherichia coli (13.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.1%) Proteus species (9.1%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (7.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.3%). However the only fungi isolated was Candida albicans showing (1.3%) prevalence, Candida is the most common cause of fungal infections in humans.

Conclusion: Results obtained in this work showed a high prevalence of Urinary tract infection at our study location. A prompt enlightenment campaign and need for periodic check among females is highly advocated to reduce or out rightly eliminate the spread of common uropathogens in circulation.
Flexible Porous Organic Polymer Membranes for Protonic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Zhong Hong , Wu Guodong , Fu Zhihua , Lv Haowei , Xu Gang , Wang Ruihu
Published: April 2020

Artificial transistors represent an ideal means for meeting the requirements in interfacing with biological systems. It is pivotal to develop new proton‐conductive materials for the transduction between biochemical events and electronic signals. Herein, the first demonstration of a porous organic polymer membrane (POPM) as a proton‐conductive material for protonic field‐effect transistors is presented. The POPM is readily prepared through a thiourea‐formation condensation reaction. Under hydrated conditions and at room temperature, the POPM delivers a proton mobility of 5.7 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1; the charge carrier densities are successfully modulated from 4.3 × 1017 to 14.1 × 1017 cm−3 by the gate voltage. This study provides a type of promising modular proton‐conductive materials for bioelectronics application.
Ruthenium Triazine Composite: A Good Match for Increasing Hydrogen Evolution Activity through Contact Electrification
Authors: Ju Qiangjian , Ma Ruguang , Pei Yu , Guo Beibei , Li Zichuang , Liu Qian , Thomas Tiju , Yang Minghui , Hutchings Graham J. , Wang Jiacheng
Published: April 2020

The development of Pt‐free catalysts for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which is widely used in industrial scale water‐alkali electrolyzers, remains a contemporary and pressing challenge. Ruthenium (Ru) has excellent water‐dissociation abilities and could be an alternative water splitting catalyst. However, its large hydrogen binding energy limits HER activity. Here, a new approach is proposed to boost the HER activity of Ru through uniform loading of Ru nanoparticles on triazine‐ring (C3N3)‐doped carbon (triNC). The composite (Ru/triNC) exhibits outstanding HER activity with an ultralow overpotential of ≈2 mV at 10 mA cm−2; thereby making it the best performing electrocatalyst hitherto reported for alkaline HER. The calculated metal mass activity of Ru/triNC is >10 and 15 times higher than that of Pt/C and Pt/triNC. Both theoretical and experimental studies reveal that the triazine‐ring is a good match for Ru to weaken the hydrogen binding on Ru through interfacial charge transfer via increased contact electrification. Therefore, Ru/triNC can provide the optimal hydrogen adsorption free energy (approaching zero), while maintaining the strong water‐dissociation activity. This study provides a new avenue for designing highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for water splitting.
Mastering Electrocardiogram Interpretation Skills Through a Perceptual and Adaptive Learning Module
Authors: Krasne Sally , Stevens Carl D. , Kellman Philip J. , Niemann James T.
Published: April 2020

Although accurate interpretation of the standard 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is fundamental to diagnosing heart disease, several prior studies report low accuracy rates among medical students, residents, and practicing physicians. The objective of this study was to determine if an online ECG Perceptual and Adaptive Learning Module (ECG PALM) is an efficient instrument to teach ECG interpretation.

The ECG PALM consists of 415 unique ECG tracings with associated pretest, posttest, and delayed tests, each using 30 additional ECGs to gauge the effectiveness and durability of training. Between 2013 and 2015, a total of 113 third‐year and 156 fourth‐year medical students and 34 first‐year, 41 second‐year, and 37 third‐year emergency medicine residents completed the PALM and associated tests. We measured two mastery criteria: accuracy, the percentage of correct interpretations, and fluency, the percentage of images interpreted accurately within 15 seconds.

The ECG PALM produced statistically significant improvements (0.0001 < p < 0.0045) in student and resident performance for both accuracy (effect size = 0.9 to 3.2) and fluency (effect size = 2.5 to 3.1) following training ranging from 46 ± 24 minutes (R3s) to 88 ± 32 minutes (third‐year medical students). Medical students and residents performed significantly better on a test the year following training (delayed test) than those without prior ECG PALM training (pretest). The fluency of R3 residents in classifying the 15 diagnostic categories was less than 60% for nine of the 15 diagnoses and greater than 80% for only one. Following PALM training, fluency was higher than 80% for seven of the 15 categories and less than 60% for only two categories. Accuracy in recognizing ST‐elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMIs) was high both before and after PALM training for R3s, but fluency was only 64% for anterior STEMIs on the pretest, increasing to 93% following PALM training.

These observations suggest that the ECG PALM is an effective and durable supplemental tool for developing mastery in interpreting common ECG abnormalities.
D‐A Polymer with a Donor Backbone ‐ Acceptor‐side‐chain Structure for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: He Keqiang , Li Xu , Liu Haitao , Zhang Zhifang , Kumar Pankaj , Ngai Jenner H. L. , Wang Jinliang , Li Yuning
Published: April 2020

We report the design, synthesis, and properties of a novel type of donor (D)‐acceptor (A) polymer, poly(3‐(([2,2′:5′,2′′‐terthiophen]‐3‐yl‐5,5“‐diyl)methylene)‐1‐(2‐octyldodecyl)indolin‐2‐one) (PTIBT), with a donor backbone and acceptor side chains (Type II D‐A polymer) as donor for organic solar cells (OSCs) as opposed to the conventional D‐A polymers having both donor and acceptor units on backbone (Type I D‐A polymers). PTIBT having a backbone consisting of thiophene donor units and side chains containing indolin‐2‐one acceptor units was synthesized very conveniently in three steps. This polymer has a high dielectric constant of 7.70, which is beneficial for the exciton diffusion and dissociation in the active blend layer in an OSC. In addition, PTIBT was found to have a low‐lying HOMO energy level of −5.41 eV and a wide band gap of 1.80 eV in comparison to its counterpart Type I D‐A polymer. In organic thin film transistors (OTFTs), PTIBT showed typical p‐type semiconductor performance with hole mobilities of up to 1.81×10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1. When PTIBT and ITIC were used as donor and acceptor to form a blend active layer, the best OSC device showed a JSC of 15.19 mAcm−2, a VOC of 0.66 V, and a fill factor of 0.57, resulting in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 5.72%.
Optimal Configuration of N‐Doped Carbon Defects in 2D Turbostratic Carbon Nanomesh for Advanced Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Lai Qingxue , Zheng Jing , Tang Zeming , Bi Da , Zhao Jingxiang , Liang Yanyu
Published: April 2020

The charge redistribution strategy driven by heteroatom doping or defect engineering has been developed as an efficient method to endow inert carbon with significant oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. The synergetic effect between the two approaches is thus expected to be more effective for manipulating the charge distribution of carbon materials for exceptional ORR performance. Herein we report a novel molecular design strategy to achieve a 2D porous turbostratic carbon nanomesh with abundant N‐doped carbon defects (NDC). The molecular level integration of aromatic rings as the carbon source and urea units as the N source and sacrificial template into the novel precursor of polyurea (PU) promises the formation of abundant carbon edge defects and N doping sites. A special active site—a carbon edge defect doped with a graphitic valley N atom—was revealed to be responsible for the exceptional ORR performance of NDC material.
Understanding High‐Rate K+‐Solvent Co‐Intercalation in Natural Graphite for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Lin , Liu Luojia , Hu Zhe , Lu Yong , Liu Qiannan , Jin Song , Zhang Qiu , Zhao Shuo , Chou Shu‐Lei
Published: April 2020

Graphite shows great potential as an anode material for rechargeable metal‐ion batteries because of its high abundance and low cost. However, the electrochemical performance of graphite anode materials for rechargeable potassium‐ion batteries needs to be further improved. Reported herein is a natural graphite with superior rate performance and cycling stability obtained through a unique K+‐solvent co‐intercalation mechanism in a 1 m KCF3SO3 diethylene glycol dimethyl ether electrolyte. The co‐intercalation mechanism was demonstrated by ex situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and in situ X‐ray diffraction. Moreover, the structure of the [K‐solvent]+ complexes intercalated with the graphite and the conditions for reversible K+‐solvent co‐intercalation into graphite are proposed based on the experimental results and first‐principles calculations. This work provides important insights into the design of natural graphite for high‐performance rechargeable potassium‐ion batteries.
Revealing the Role of Tin(IV) Halides in the Anisotropic Growth of CsPbX3 Perovskite Nanoplates
Authors: Bonato Luiz G. , Moral Raphael F. , Nagamine Gabriel , Alo Arthur , Germino José C. , da Silva Douglas S. , Almeida Diogo B. , Zagonel Luiz F. , Galembeck Fernando , Padilha Lázaro A. , Nogueira Ana Flávia
Published: April 2020

CsPbX3 perovskite nanoplates (PNPLs) were formed in a synthesis driven by SnX4 (X=Cl, Br, I) salts. The role played by these hard Lewis acids in directing PNPL formation is addressed. Sn4+ disturbs the acid–base equilibrium of the system, increasing the protonation rate of oleylamine and inducing anisotropic growth of nanocrystals. Sn4+ cations influence the reaction dynamics owing to complexation with oleylamine molecules. By monitoring the photoluminescence excitation and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the PNPLs grown at different temperatures, the influence of the thickness on their optical properties is mapped. Time‐resolved and spectrally resolved PL for colloidal dispersions with different optical densities reveals that the dependence of the overall PL lifetime on the emission wavelength do not originate from energy transfer between PNPLs but from the contribution of PNPLs with distinct thickness, indicating that thicker PNPLs exhibit longer PL lifetimes.
Improving Cancer Immunotherapy Outcomes Using Biomaterials
Authors: Yan Shuangqian , Luo Zichao , Li Zhenglin , Wang Yu , Tao Jun , Gong Changyang , Liu Xiaogang
Published: April 2020

Immunotherapy has made great strides in improving clinical outcomes in cancer treatment. However, few patients exhibit adequate response rates for key outcome measures and desired long‐term responses, and they often suffer systemic side effects due to the dynamic nature of the immune system. This has motivated a search for alternative strategies to improve unsatisfactory immunotherapeutic outcomes. In recent years, biomaterial‐assisted immunotherapy has shown promise in cancer treatment with improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects. These biomaterials have illuminated fundamental mechanisms underlying the immunoediting process, while greatly improving the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy, cancer vaccine therapy, and immune checkpoint blockade therapy. This Minireview discusses recent advances in engineered biomaterials that address limitations associated with conventional cancer immunotherapies.
A Chemoenzymatic Approach to the Synthesis of Glycopeptide Antibiotic Analogues
Authors: Tailhades Julien , Zhao Yongwei , Ho Y. T. Candace , Greule Anja , Ahmed Iftekhar , Schoppet Melanie , Kulkarni Ketav , Goode Rob J. A. , Schittenhelm Ralf B. , De Voss James J. , Cryle Max J.
Published: April 2020

Glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs) are important antibiotics that are highly challenging to synthesise due to their unique and heavily crosslinked structure. Given this, the synthetic production and diversification of this key compound class remains impractical. Furthermore, the possibility of biosynthetic reengineering of GPAs is not yet feasible since the selectivity of the biosynthetic crosslinking enzymes for altered substrates is largely unknown. We show that combining peptide synthesis with enzymatic cyclisation enables the formation of novel examples of GPAs and provides an indication of the utility of these crucial enzymes. By accessing the biosynthetic process in vitro, we identified peptide modifications that are enzymatically tolerated and can also reveal the mechanistic basis for substrate intolerance where present. Using this approach, we next specifically activated modified residues within GPAs for functionalisation at previously inaccessible positions, thereby offering the possibility of late‐stage chemical functionalisation after GPA cyclisation is complete.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Atroposelective Synthesis of Biaryls by C−H Activation and Intermolecular Coupling with Sterically Hindered Alkynes
Authors: Wang Fen , Qi Zisong , Zhao Yuxia , Zhai Shuailei , Zheng Guangfan , Mi Ruijie , Huang Zhiyan , Zhu Xiaolin , He Xiaoming , Li Xingwei
Published: April 2020

Reported herein is the atroposelective synthesis of biaryl NH isoquinolones by RhIII‐catalyzed C−H activation of benzamides and intermolecular [4+2] annulation for a broad scope of 2‐substituted 1‐alkynylnaphthalenes, as well as sterically hindered, symmetric diarylacetylenes. The axial chirality is constructed based on dynamic kinetic transformation of the alkyne in redox‐neutral annulation with benzamides, with alkyne insertion being stereodetermining. The reaction accommodates both benzamides and heteroaryl carboxamides and proceeds in excellent regioselectivity (if applicable) and enantioselectivities (average 91.8 %ee). An enantiomerically and diastereomerically pure rhodacyclic complex was prepared and offers insight into enantiomeric control of the coupling system, wherein the steric interactions between the amide directing group and the alkyne substrate dictate both the regio‐ and enantioselectivity.
Unprecedented Kinetic Inertness for a Mn2+‐Bispidine Chelate: A Novel Structural Entry for Mn2+‐Based Imaging Agents
Authors: Ndiaye Daouda , Sy Maryame , Pallier Agnès , Même Sandra , de Silva Isidro , Lacerda Sara , Nonat Aline M. , Charbonnière Loïc J. , Tóth Éva
Published: April 2020

The search for more biocompatible alternatives to Gd3+‐based MRI agents, and the interest in 52Mn for PET imaging call for ligands that form inert Mn2+ chelates. Given the labile nature of Mn2+, high inertness is challenging to achieve. The strongly preorganized structure of the 2,4‐pyridyl‐disubstituted bispidol ligand L1 endows its Mn2+ complex with exceptional kinetic inertness. Indeed, MnL1 did not show any dissociation for 140 days in the presence of 50 equiv. of Zn2+ (37 °C, pH 6), while recently reported potential MRI agents MnPyC3A and MnPC2A‐EA have dissociation half‐lives of 0.285 h and 54.4 h under similar conditions. In addition, the relaxivity of MnL1 (4.28 mm−1 s−1 at 25 °C, 20 MHz) is remarkable for a monohydrated, small Mn2+ chelate. In vivo MRI experiments in mice and determination of the tissue Mn content evidence rapid renal clearance of MnL1. Additionally, L1 could be radiolabeled with 52Mn and the complex revealed good stability in biological media.
Sandwich‐like Catalyst–Carbon–Catalyst Trilayer Structure as a Compact 2D Host for Highly Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Rongrong , Peng Hongjie , Wu Qingping , Zhou Xuejun , He Jiang , Shen Hangjia , Yang Minghui , Li Chilin
Published: April 2020

Herein, we propose the construction of a sandwich‐structured host filled with continuous 2D catalysis–conduction interfaces. This MoN‐C‐MoN trilayer architecture causes the strong conformal adsorption of S/Li2Sx and its high‐efficiency conversion on the two‐sided nitride polar surfaces, which are supplied with high‐flux electron transfer from the buried carbon interlayer. The 3D self‐assembly of these 2D sandwich structures further reinforces the interconnection of conductive and catalytic networks. The maximized exposure of adsorptive/catalytic planes endows the MoN‐C@S electrode with excellent cycling stability and high rate performance even under high S loading and low host surface area. The high conductivity of this trilayer texture does not compromise the capacity retention after the S content is increased. Such a job‐synergistic mode between catalytic and conductive functions guarantees the homogeneous deposition of S/Li2Sx, and avoids thick and devitalized accumulation (electrode passivation) even after high‐rate and long‐term cycling.
Transferring cues for cooperation: Helping students follow group instructions
Authors: Catagnus Robyn M. , Hineline Philip N. , Brown Thomas Wade
Published: April 2020

In this study, we piloted a teaching procedure to help a learner attend to group pronouns (calls), such as “Everyone,” as precursors for cooperating with instructions. A student was first taught to attend to the teacher when a bell rang; the teacher then paired the bell with group call words and faded the bell out to transfer stimulus control to the calls. This antecedent intervention led to increased attending to group calls and cooperation with the instructions. We used a hybrid design of alternating treatments and multiple baselines to evaluate the effects of the intervention. We briefly assessed maintenance after the systematic fading of the intervention and again after 2 weeks. The results suggest that attending occurred through listener responding rather than through the traditional measures of eye gaze and orienting. We explore the effects in terms of stimulus control, behavioral classes, component skills, chaining, and high‐p and low‐p effects.
Three‐dimensional culture models to study drug resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Fisher Madeline F. , Rao Shreyas S.
Published: April 2020

Despite recent advances in breast cancer treatment, drug resistance frequently presents as a challenge, contributing to a higher risk of relapse and decreased overall survival rate. It is now generally recognized that the extracellular matrix and cellular heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment influences the cancer cells' ultimate fate. Therefore, strategies employed to examine mechanisms of drug resistance must take microenvironmental influences, as well as genetic mutations, into account. This review discusses three‐dimensional (3D) in vitro model systems which incorporate microenvironmental influences to study mechanisms of drug resistance in breast cancer. These bioengineered models include spheroid‐based models, biomaterial‐based models such as polymeric scaffolds and hydrogels, and microfluidic chip‐based models. The advantages of these model systems over traditionally studied two‐dimensional tissue culture polystyrene are examined. Additionally, the applicability of such 3D models for studying the impact of tumor microenvironment signals on drug response and/or resistance is discussed. Finally, the potential of such models for use in the development of strategies to combat drug resistance and determine the most promising treatment regimen is explored.
Design and implementation of an open source transmission line impedance matching educational framework
Authors: Varan Metin , Ergüzel Alper Turan , Genç Hasan Hakan , Ulusoy Bahar , Öylek İsmail , Ay Mükremin
Published: April 2020

Determining input impedance, assigning reflection coefficient, and matching load impedance are important transmission line problems those involve complex calculation steps because of complex connection architectures in transmission lines. Efficient understanding of such problems in undergraduate and graduate courses should be supported by rich visualization tools. The Smith chart is a convenient tool for transmission line calculations especially for wave propagation and maximum power theory that discusses impedance matching problems. In this context, we can say that Java is a widely used open source educational tool having strong computational environment for research and development aims. In this study, an open source transmission line impedance matching educational framework (TLIME) has been designed to teach efficiently wave propagation and maximum power theory that discusses the impedance matching problems. The success of developed educational framework has been measured by a questionnaire held in courses in the third and fourth years of the electrical and electronics engineering undergraduate program at Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Turkey. The visual preparation of the problem solutions with rich graphical user interface and simulations of the mathematical representations has been evaluated to contribute to a better understanding of the wave propagation and impedance matching transmission line subjects. The functionality and simplicity of the developed framework scored by over 82% among course enrolled students. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 explains transmission line impedance matching problem in the context of maximum power theory. Section 3 discusses transmission line planning and problem solving with Smith chart. Section 4 discusses explanation and usage of developed TLIME framework and last section discusses results.
Depression and anxiety in Hodgkin lymphoma patients: A Danish nationwide cohort study of 945 patients
Authors: Øvlisen Andreas K. , Jakobsen Lasse H. , Kragholm Kristian H. , Nielsen René E. , Hutchings Martin , Dahl‐Sørensen Rasmus B. , Frederiksen Henrik , Stoltenberg Danny , Bøgsted Martin , Østgård Lene S. G. , Severinsen Marianne T. , El‐Galaly Tarec C.
Published: April 2020

Cancer‐related psychological distress may lead to depression and anxiety among survivors. The vast majority of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) become long‐term survivors, but the risk of mental health problems after HL is not well‐characterized. Using national population‐based registries, we investigated the cumulative incidence of psychotropic drug (antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics) use (proxies for depression and anxiety) in HL patients as well as if an increased risk would normalize over time for patients in remission. The study included 945 HL patients aged 18‐92 years and 4725 matched persons. In total, 215 HL patients (22.8%) received a prescription of any psychotropic drug (PD) at some point after date of diagnosis compared to 545 persons (11.5%) in the matched cohort. Cumulative incidences with death/relapse as competing risk confirmed that HL patients were at higher risk of receiving psychotropic drug prescriptions, but the increased risk was transient and normalized to the matched population 5 years into survivorship. Increased age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, and disease stage were associated with higher risk of psychotropic drug prescriptions. Given the increased rate of psychotropic drug prescriptions after HL diagnosis, screening for symptoms of depression and anxiety is warranted after HL diagnosis and first years into survivorship.
Synthesis and Biological Studies of Dodecameric Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides Containing Tetrahydrofuran Amino Acids
Authors: Ghosh Uttam , Soni Isha , Kaul Grace , Trivedi Priyanka , Chaturvedi Vinita , Chopra Sidharth , Kanti Chakraborty Tushar
Published: April 2020

We report here a concise route to synthesize various stereoisomers of tetrahydrofuran amino acids (TAAs) and the synthesis of TAA‐containing linear cationic dodecapeptides. Some of these linear peptides show slightly better antimicrobial activities than their tetra‐ and octameric congeners, but no activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for which octapeptides exhibited by far the best results; this implies that antibacterial activity is dependent on the length of these linear peptides. All the dodecapeptides described here were found to be toxic in nature against Vero cells. The study helps to delineate the optimal length of this series of linear peptides and select potential leads in the development of novel cationic peptide‐based antibiotics.
Abdominal erythema ab igne—An "old" finding revisited
Authors: Harsch Igor Alexander
Published: April 2020

Abdominal erythema ab igne may be the result of insufficient pain medication in chronic pancreatitis. Stenting therapy is to be considered, and the patient should be informed about the risk of developing cutaneous squamous or Merkel cell carcinoma.
Patient with recurrence dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: A case report
Authors: Amjadzadeh Mohammadreza , Mousavi Ghanavati Parvin
Published: April 2020

We present a typical case of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans(DFSP) with a complaint of a painful and various recurrence, make a review of the most important aspects. This is a rare tumor and we call special attention to the fact that its recurrence is extremely frequent, so there is absolute need to observe these patients periodically after surgery.
Hydrogenolysis of Glucose into Propylene Glycol over Pt/SiO2@Mg(OH)2 Catalyst
Authors: Gu Minyan , Shen Zheng , Zhang Wei , Xia Meng , Jiang Jikang , Dong Wenjie , Zhou Xuefei , Zhang Yalei
Published: April 2020

One‐pot selective conversion of glucose is a green approach compared with petroleum‐based processes to produce 1,2‐propylene glycol (1,2‐PG), but its realization is hindered by various side reactions. Here we demonstrate a feasible strategy of Pt/SiO2@Mg(OH)2 core‐shell catalyst to achieve the 1,2‐PG yield of 53.8 % by a three‐pronged promotion, including enhancement of the glucose‐fructose isomerization and retro‐aldol condensation (RAC), as well as re‐conversion of by‐product hexitol into 1,2‐PG. We realized the in situ synthesis of the core‐shell structure using a self‐existent Mg(OH)2 base instead of an extraneous base in the hydrothermal process and it achieved a stable performance during reuse by protecting Pt from leaching.