bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nasal asymmetry changes during growth and development in 6‐ to 12‐year‐old children with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate: A 3D computed tomography analysis
Authors: Huang Le , Wang Ziling , Shan Zhiyi , Yeung Andy Wai Kan , Yang Yanqi , Liang Zhigang , Gu Min
Published: August 2021

Repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) is often accompanied by the deformity and asymmetry of the nasal region. Three‐dimensional analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between nasal soft‐ and hard‐tissue asymmetries, as well as the changes in nasal asymmetry with age, among children with repaired UCLP (age: 6–12 years). Forty‐seven patients were included in this study. Their computed tomography records were retrieved for analysis of the 3D asymmetry of 10 landmarks of the nasal soft and hard tissues. We observed that asymmetry was more severe in nasal hard tissues than in soft tissues, particularly in the sagittal dimension. Compared with patients aged 6–9 years old, patients aged 10 to 12 years old had significantly increased vertical asymmetry at the base of the alar groove (Gbase, p = 0.027) and the lateral point of the piriform aperture (LPA), (p < 0.001). The correlation between the LPA and the alar region was weak to moderate (r = 0.290 to 0.488). In conclusion, we found no evidence of growth and development in nasal hard‐tissue asymmetry among 6‐ to 12‐year‐old children with repaired UCLP, except for the vertical dimension. Nasal soft tissue exhibited a more preferable symmetry than hard tissue, and this could be attributed to the compensatory growth of nasal soft tissue, particularly in the vertical and sagittal dimensions. The weak to moderate correlations between nasal soft‐tissue asymmetry and hard‐tissue asymmetry were observed in the three dimensions. Surgeons should consider these factors when repositioning the nasal alar and controlling the size of the nostrils.
Two cases of pregnancy after achieving complete remission of chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection
Authors: Sasagasako Nanayo , Kakigano Aiko , Kamiya Chizuko A. , Tsuji Akihiro , Sawada Akihisa , Yoshimatsu Jun
Published: August 2021

Chronic active Epstein–Barr virus (CAEBV) infection characterized by persistent infectious mononucleosis‐like symptoms can lead to cardiovascular diseases. We encountered two pregnant women with CAEBV histories complicated with cardiovascular diseases. A 36‐year‐old woman with a history of myocardial infarction due to CAEBV and coronary artery bypass grafting became pregnant. Her left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased, and cesarean section was performed at 36 weeks of gestation. Her LVEF recovered after delivery. A 32‐year‐old woman with a history of CAEBV and chronic hypertension was diagnosed with mild pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) after conception. She strongly desired to continue the pregnancy. She became complicated with severe superimposed preeclampsia at 31 weeks of gestation, and cesarean section was performed. Her PAH did not deteriorate during pregnancy or the postpartum period. Women treated for CAEBV, even with complete remission, require a preconception evaluation focused on the cardiovascular system and careful management of their pregnancy.
Laparoscopic retroperitoneal para‐aortic lymph node biopsy in advanced cervical cancer with pelvic lymph node metastases: A single‐center prospective study
Authors: Yoshida Kenta , Kondo Eiji , Matsumoto Tsuyoshi , Maki Shintaro , Kaneda Michiko , Nii Masafumi , Hirata Toru , Ikeda Tomoaki
Published: August 2021

Aim

Extended‐field concurrent chemoradiation therapy (Ex‐CCRT) has been widely used for para‐aortic lymph node (PAN) metastases confirmed by radiographic assessment without surgical exploration. The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the clinical value of laparoscopic retroperitoneal PAN biopsy in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) with pelvic lymph node (PLN) metastases.

Methods

From May 2017 to March 2020, stage IIB–IIIB cervical cancer patients who were diagnosed with PLN metastasis using positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) with maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) ≥2.0 underwent laparoscopic retroperitoneal PAN biopsy. The radiation fields were extended to PAN areas with pathological metastases.

Results

Fourteen patients were diagnosed with cervical squamous cell carcinoma of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIB (n = 7) and IIIB (n = 7). The median operating time was 138 min (range, 104–184 min). The median number of harvested PANs was 19 (range, 6–36). Three patients were positive for PAN metastasis on histological analysis. In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of PET‐CT were 66.7% and 90.9%, respectively.

Conclusion

Our study is characterized by the use of more appropriate eligibility criteria for LACC with PLN metastases. Our results revealed that laparoscopic retroperitoneal PAN biopsy may be a useful approach to determine the radiation field for PANs during standard radiotherapy planning.
Effects of PNPLA3 I148M on hepatic lipid and very‐low‐density lipoprotein metabolism in humans
Authors: Borén Jan , Adiels Martin , Björnson Elias , Matikainen Niina , Söderlund Sanni , Rämö Joel , Henricsson Marcus , Ripatti Pietari , Ripatti Samuli , Palotie Aarno , Mancina Rosellina M. , Ainola Mari , Hakkarainen Antti , Romeo Stefano , Packard Chris J. , Taskinen Marja‐Riitta
Published: August 2021

Background

The phospholipase domain‐containing 3 gene (PNPLA3)‐148M variant is associated with liver steatosis but its influence on the metabolism of triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins remains unclear. Here, we investigated the kinetics of large, triglyceride‐rich very‐low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL), (VLDL1), and smaller VLDL2 in homozygotes for the PNPLA3‐148M variant.

Methods and results

The kinetics of apolipoprotein (apo) B100 (apoB100) and triglyceride in VLDL subfractions were analysed in nine subjects homozygous for PNPLA3‐148M and nine subjects homozygous for PNPLA3‐148I (controls). Liver fat was >3‐fold higher in the 148M subjects. Production rates for apoB100 and triglyceride in VLDL1 did not differ significantly between the two groups. Likewise, production rates for VLDL2‐apoB100 and ‐triglyceride, and fractional clearance rates for both apoB100 and triglyceride in VLDL1 and VLDL2, were not significantly different.

Conclusions

Despite the higher liver fat content in PNPLA3 148M homozygotes, there was no increase in VLDL production. Equally, VLDL production was maintained at normal levels despite the putative impairment in cytosolic lipid hydrolysis in these subjects.
Sensorimotor tongue evaluation and rehabilitation in patients with sleep‐disordered breathing: a novel approach
Authors: Rodríguez‐Alcalá Laura , Martínez Juan Martín‐Lagos , Baptista Peter , Ríos Fernández Raquel , Javier Gómez Francisco , Parejo Santaella Jesús , Plaza Guillermo
Published: August 2021

Study objectives

To evaluate tone, apraxia and stereognosis dysfunctions in patients with SDB compared with healthy controls, and to monitor the effectiveness of Airway Gym® as an easy‐to‐use myofunctional therapy (MT) modality in terms of the tongue's motor and sensory responses, comparing results before and after therapy.

Methods

This was a prospective, non‐randomised pilot study of 25 patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea‐hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS), 25 patients with primary snoring (PS) and 20 healthy controls. Qualitative and quantitative instruments—Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI), lingual apraxia and stereognosis tests were used to assess tongue sensorimotor function.

Results

22 patients with PS, 21 with OSAHS and all 20 controls ended the therapy. In OSAHS, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score decreased from 16 ± 7.3 to 12 ± 4.5 after therapy (p = 0.53). In PS and OSAHS groups, the IOPI scores increased significantly. These measures did not change significantly in the controls. Lingual apraxia testing showed that controls performed all the manoeuvres, whereas PS 5.6 ± 1.4 and OSAHS 4.5 ± 1.9 (p = 0.14). In the stereognosis test, the mean number of figures recognised was 2.6 ± 2.2 in OSAHS, 3.3±1.2 in PS and 5.7±0.9 in control group (p < 0.05). Patients with OSAHS recognised circles and ovals less often.

Conclusion

Using the Airway Gym®app produced improvements in sensorimotor tongue function in patients with SDB, due to continuous stimulation of the brain based on proprioceptive training required to localise responses when doing the exercises.
Narrative identity informs psychological adjustment: Considering three themes captured across five time points and two event valences
Authors: Booker Jordan A. , Fivush Robyn , Graci Matthew E.
Published: August 2021

Objectives

How narrative identity and well‐being are intertwined as emerging adults process their lived experiences remains a critical theoretical and empirical question. We studied narrative identity among US emerging adults in a multiphase study. We aimed to test (1) if and how narrative identity themes (i.e., coherence, agency, growth) change rapidly across repeated narrations; (2) are related to reports of psychological adjustment (i.e., well‐being, recent stress) over time; and (3) whether the valence of the autobiographical event nuanced the ways narrative identity and adjustment co‐evolve.

Methods

In a mini‐longitudinal study conducted over three months, 300 adults aged 18‐to‐29‐years (M age = 24.39 years; 60% women) provided autobiographical narratives about high‐point and low‐point (LP) life events at five time points, as well as repeated reports on well‐being and recent stress.

Results

Overall, coherence showed (1) the most consistency across time and valence than other narrative themes and (2) the most consistent associations with adjustment. In multilevel models, LP coherence and LP growth coincided with higher levels of adjustment.

Conclusions

Findings reinforce the ways narrative identity reflects dynamic processes of understanding the events of one's life, and the ways individual differences in framing and reasoning about life are important for psychological adjustment.
Can government spending boost firm sales?
Authors: Islam Asif , Galinato Gregmar I. , Zhang Wentao
Published: August 2021

We estimate the effect of government spending on firm production as measured by the value of sales in developing economies. We contribute to the literature by exploring the relationship between the size and composition of government spending on firm sales by workforce size and market destination of goods using instruments based on political institutions and fractionalization. We use a unique firm‐level dataset across developing economies coupled with national government spending data. After instrumenting for the fiscal policies, we find that an increase in the proportion of spending that alleviates market failures significantly boosts sales output especially in non‐exporting small and medium sized firms but not in large exporting firms. Total government spending positively affects sales output for firms of all sizes and non‐exporters. The effect of the composition of government spending on firm output is more elastic than the effect of the size of government spending. The results are explained by the role of government spending in increasing bank loan access, allowing for technological innovation, and augmenting human capital thereby increasing firm output.
Shared predators between primate groups and mixed species bird flocks: the potential for forest‐wide eavesdropping networks
Authors: Martínez Ari E. , Parra Eliseo , Gomez Juan Pablo , Vredenburg Vance T.
Published: August 2021

A basic tenet of animal behavior is that animal groupings (e.g. schools of fishes or flocks of birds) are widely influenced by predators. Many studies have focused on communication between individuals within the same species or different species within a defined social group; but predators typically select from a number of different co‐occurring species. To evaluate whether two distantly‐related species with similar predators share vocal information regarding predator threats, we conducted a field experiment in the Amazonian rainforest involving an avian prey‐species, a primate prey‐species and a shared predator. In our reciprocal field experiment, we elicited alarm calls from birds (bluish‐slate antshrikes Thamnomanes schistogynus) and primates (saddle‐backed tamarins Leontocebus weddelli) by exposing them to a trained raptor (bicolored hawk Accipiter bicolor). We then played all types of recorded alarm calls back to birds and tamarins, and measured 1) the time to respond (for both birds and tamarins), and 2) the distance moved across the substrate (for tamarins). Our results show that both birds and tamarins were significantly more likely to flee when hearing vocal alarms compared to a control (a common bird call, the screaming piha Lipaugus vociferans), regardless of the species who produced the alarm. In addition, tamarins moved significantly more upon hearing bird alarm calls when compared to the control. We suggest that signals regarding shared predators may be highly valued across prey from distinct social groups. These data support the hypothesis that overlapping potential predators can drive communication between distinct prey groups, resulting in taxonomically diverse eavesdropping networks within tropical rainforests.
Utility of Ultrasound‐Guided Anesthetic Intra‐articular Injection to Estimate the Outcome of Hip Arthroscopy in Patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Li Shoupeng , Li Chunbao , Wang Huanfang , Luo Yukun , Li Haipeng , Zhang Mingbo
Published: August 2021

Objective

To investigate the effectiveness of ultrasound (US) guided intra‐hip joint injection to estimate the outcome of hip arthroscopy in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome.

Methods

Patients with FAI syndrome (n = 60) were prospectively enrolled in our study. Before hip arthroscopy, a mix of 4 mL 2% lidocaine and 4 mL 1% ropivacaine were injected into the hip joint under the guidance of US. The clinical efficacy of the intra‐articular injection was evaluated by comparing the visual analog scale (VAS) and international hip outcome tool 12 (iHOT‐12) results before and after the injection. The outcome of hip arthroscopy was evaluated by iHOT‐12, the modified Harris hip score (MHHS), and the patient's satisfaction 12 months after the operation. The outcome of intra‐articular injection and hip arthroscopy were compared. Factors related to the outcomes of hip arthroscopy were evaluated. The correlation between the efficacy of intra‐hip joint injection and arthroscopy was evaluated.

Results

The VAS of patients decreased from 11.3 ± 7.7 to 3.3 ± 4.5, and the iHOT‐12 increased from 52.1 ± 23.2 to 84.1 ± 18.1 after intra‐articular injection (all P < 0.001). The iHOT‐12 score increased from 52.1 ± 23.2 to 78.9 ± 19.2, and the MHHS increased from 66.5 ± 6.8 to 81.6 ± 8.1 after hip arthroscopy (all P < 0.001). The satisfaction rate of arthroscopy, including very satisfied and effective patients, was 93.3%. Multi‐variable logistic regression showed that only iHOT‐12 improved value after injection was included in the regression formula of satisfaction, with the β of −0.154, standard error of 0.071, Wald value of 4.720, and OR of 0.857 (95%CI 0.746–0.985) (P = 0.03). Significant correlation was detected between iHOT‐12 scores after intra‐articular anesthesia and at 12 months after arthroscopy (r = 0.784, P < 0.001). So was the iHOT‐12 improved value (r = 0.781, P < 0.001) and the iHOT‐12 improved ratio (r = 0.848, P < 0.001). If we had performed arthroscopy only on patients with post‐injection iHOT‐12 score improvement ≥10, the satisfaction rate of arthroscopy would have increased to 96.6%.

Conclusions

US‐guided intra‐hip joint injection may provide a feasible way to estimate the outcome of hip arthroscopy in patients with FAI syndrome, and could be used as a method for indication selection of hip arthroscopy.
Comparison of 3D Printing Rapid Prototyping Technology with Traditional Radiographs in Evaluating Acetabular Defects in Revision Hip Arthroplasty: A Prospective and Consecutive Study
Authors: Zhang Jing‐wei , Liu Xiao‐liang , Zeng Yi‐ming , Zhai Zan‐jing , Mao Yuan‐qing , Yu De‐gang , Wang Liao , Yan Meng‐ning , Zhu Zhe‐nan , Li Hui‐wu
Published: August 2021

Objective

To compare rapid prototyping technology (RP tech) in revision total hip arthroplasty (RTHA) with traditional examination methods and to see how they are different in evaluating acetabular anatomy and designing surgical procedure.

Methods

From February 2014 to March 2018, 43 RTHA patients with complex acetabulum defects were enrolled in this prospective study regardless of age or gender. Incomplete and unclear data were excluded. Three types of radiographic examination were performed on each patient before the revision surgery. Four groups of evaluations were designed: (i) X‐ray; (ii) computed tomography (CT‐scan); (iii) RP tech; and (iv) CT‐aided RP tech. Discrepancies between preoperative radiographic analysis and intra‐operative findings were separately compared by a team of surgeons. Premade surgical plans based on each evaluation method were compared with the final surgical procedure. The compliance of anatomic evaluation and surgical plan‐design based on 3D RP tech and traditional radiographs were ranked manually by a of team surgeons into: (i) complete accordance; (ii) general accordance; and (iii) undetermined structure/procedure. The difference in ranks between RP tech and traditional radiographic methods were analyzed with a nonparametric Kruskal‐Wallis test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Multiple adjustments were taken for the statistical tests level according to the Bonferroni method.

Results

For anatomic analysis, the accordance in four groups of evaluating methods differed from each other (P < 0.05) except for the comparison of RP tech and CT‐aided RP tech. RP tech displayed better anatomic evaluating accuracy than traditional methods (X‐ray and CT) with the “complete accordance” rates of these groups being 88.37%, 4.65% and 27.91%, respectively. But CT‐aided RP tech did not improve accuracy significantly compared with using RP tech individually, although the value seems high in the CT‐aided RP group with the “complete accordance” rate of 95.35%. For surgery design, RP tech significantly showed better applicable surgical design compared with X‐ray and CT (P < 0.05), and the “complete accordance” rates were 88.37%, 6.98% and 23.26%, but no significant difference was observed between RP tech and CT‐aided RP tech, and the “complete accordance” rate of CT‐aided RP tech group was 97.67%. RP tech showed remarkable improvement in bone defect assessment and surgical plan design.

Conclusion

Using RP technology improved both sensibility and accuracy in acetabular defect evaluation with better locating and evaluating efficiency compared with X‐ray and CT‐scans. It also improved surgical schedule designing in complex acetabular defecting revision surgery. In particularly complex cases, CT aided RP tech may increase the accuracy of RP tech.
A collision tumor of solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma and meningioma: A case report with literature review
Authors: Ashizawa Karin , Ogura Kanako , Nagase Shunsuke , Sakaguchi Asumi , Tokugawa Joji , Hishii Makoto , Fukunaga Masaharu , Hirose Takanori , Matsumoto Toshiharu
Published: August 2021

An intracranial collision tumor is a rare lesion composed of two histologically different neoplasms in the same anatomic location. Even more rare is the collision tumor of a solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma (SFT/HPC) and meningioma. The patient was a 46‐year‐old woman who had a 40 × 35 × 30‐mm mass in the vermis of the cerebellum. Histologically, the mass consisted of two different components. One component showed the morphology of meningioma (World Health Organization (WHO) grade I), and the other component exhibited small round cell proliferation with hypercellular density, which was revealed to be SFT/HPC (WHO grade III) based on STAT6 immunohistochemistry. STAT6 showed completely different immunohistochemistry results in these two components (nuclear‐negative in meningioma and nuclear‐positive in SFT/HPC). Since these two neoplasms are associated with different prognoses, they should be distinguished from each other. When meningioma and an SFT/HPC‐like lesion are identified morphologically, it is important to recognize the presence of such a collision tumor composed of meningioma and SFT/HPC, and identify the SFT/HPC component by employing STAT6 immunohistochemistry.
Vaping and the lung: New evidence from the silent zone?
Authors: McDonald Christine F.
Published: August 2021

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Long‐term ventilatory support for children: there's no place like home
Authors: Piper Amanda
Published: August 2021

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Assessing urban‐rural climate resilience of metropolitan Yangon, Myanmar
Authors: Pang Pearlyn , Guo Zhou , Wang Yi‐Chen
Published: August 2021

Globally, communities are constantly responding and coping with risks due to climate and land‐use land‐cover change. In Southeast Asia, impacts from these changes are evident in hydro‐meteorological hazards that are projected to increase in anomaly, frequency and magnitude. In response to these risks, the concept of climate‐community resilience is widely applied in research and policy‐making. Although previous studies have adopted index‐based approaches, an over‐simplified urban‐rural dichotomy is perpetuated in visualization and disaster governance. This study thus aims to uncover how the geographic dynamics of urban‐rural resilience can be assessed and represented as a continuous, uneven and active process. With drought as the hazard of concern, this study models resilience along the urban‐rural continuum in Yangon, Myanmar. The results show that resilience is not dichotomous in form. Areas of high resilience are mostly located along boundaries of contiguous administrative towns, rather than abiding by the physical landscape morphology. It also depends on the intrinsic fabric of a community, that is, its degree of urbanism and ruralness. The study supports the usage of continuous representation in future resilience assessments for relatively urbanized and urbanizing regions. It encourages the conceptualization of disaster governance that considers the decentralization of resilient systems.
The role of antenatal corticosteroids in improving neonatal outcomes
Authors: Busuulwa Paula , Groom Katie , Chappell Lucy C , Shennan Andrew H
Published: August 2021

Key content

Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) are a key evidence‐based intervention proven to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality.

ACS should be given in a timely manner to ensure maximal benefit. This can be challenging, particularly in women presenting with suspected spontaneous preterm labour.

There is continuing uncertainty about the role of repeat ACS courses in women who remain at high risk of preterm delivery.

Evidence from long‐term follow‐up studies has yielded mixed findings; further research is needed to determine the impact of ACS on future health.

Learning objectives

To understand the mechanisms underpinning ACS effectiveness in utero and the evidence to support their use.

To understand the rationale for ACS use in specific circumstances, as well as current areas of uncertainty.

Ethical issues

For women who receive ACS for threatened preterm labour, there is only benefit if their baby is born within 7 days. Therefore, optimal prediction of risk of preterm delivery is essential.

Evidence of benefit of ACS does not translate directly from high‐income settings into low‐ and middle‐income countries because there are other factors that influence preterm birth outcomes.

Timing of ACS, in relation to time before delivery, number of courses and gestational age, is likely to be important.
Multiple phosphorylation events of the mitochondrial membrane protein TTM1 regulate cell death during senescence
Authors: Karia Purva , Yoshioka Keiko , Moeder Wolfgang
Published: August 2021

The role of mitochondria in programmed cell death (PCD) during animal growth and development is well documented, but much less is known for plants. We previously showed that the Arabidopsis thaliana triphosphate tunnel metalloenzyme (TTM) proteins TTM1 and TTM2 are tail‐anchored proteins that localize in the mitochondrial outer membrane and participate in PCD during senescence and immunity, respectively. Here, we show that TTM1 is specifically involved in senescence induced by abscisic acid (ABA). Moreover, phosphorylation of TTM1 by multiple mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinases regulates its function and turnover. A combination of proteomics and in vitro kinase assays revealed three major phosphorylation sites of TTM1 (Ser10, Ser437, and Ser490). Ser437, which is phosphorylated upon perception of senescence cues such as ABA and prolonged darkness, is phosphorylated by the MAP kinases MPK3 and MPK4, and Ser437 phosphorylation is essential for TTM1 function in senescence. These MPKs, together with three additional MAP kinases (MPK1, MPK7, and MPK6), also phosphorylate Ser10 and Ser490, marking TTM1 for protein turnover, which likely prevents uncontrolled cell death. Taken together, our results show that multiple MPKs regulate the function and turnover of the mitochondrial protein TTM1 during senescence‐associated cell death, revealing a novel link between mitochondria and PCD.
How COVID‐19 vaccine supply chains emerged in the midst of a pandemic
Authors: Bown Chad P. , Bollyky Thomas J.
Published: August 2021

Many months after COVID‐19 vaccines were first authorised for public use, still limited supplies could only partially reduce the devastating loss of life and economic costs caused by the pandemic. Could additional vaccine doses have been manufactured more quickly some other way? Would alternative policy choices have made a difference? This paper provides a simple analytical framework through which to view the contours of the vaccine value chain. It then creates a new database that maps the COVID‐19 vaccines of Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca/Oxford, Johnson & Johnson, Novavax and CureVac to the product‐ and location‐specific manufacturing supply chains that emerged in 2020 and 2021. It describes the choppy process through which dozens of other companies at nearly 100 geographically distributed facilities came together to scale up global manufacturing. The paper catalogues major pandemic policy initiatives – such as the United States' Operation Warp Speed – that are likely to have affected the timing and formation of those vaccine supply chains. Given the data, a final section identifies further questions for researchers and policymakers.
Solving the Problematic Relationship between Irregular Marketing Behaviours and the Principles of Social Responsibility
Authors: Al-Shawi Hani Fadhil Jumaah
Published: August 2021

Reckless marketing has recently become a dirty tool played by modern pirates with a network of gangs, as they tried hard to mix facts as poker cards are on the table, and its danger to social responsibility values has become very worrying in Iraq. Planning, tactics, probabilities and forecasting, and the Iraqi economy has become based on the unknown.Where, unfortunately, the mafia played in its squares, empty polemics from here and there, deceptions and tricks, until they entered the core of factories, and the inputs turned into numbers, and the operations turned into illusions, and the outputs were mere rubble, and the costs were huge, and the returns were despicableThen we continue.. Commercial projects are programmed viruses that strike any system, confuse all standards, destroy all walls of knowledge, and throw seeds of ignorance into the industrial environment instead of quality. We live in an era in which competition revolves around supply, demand, production, productivity, efficiency, effectiveness, knowledge and programming.But where are we in all of this?The companies of the world are looking for quality while we are digging for scrap? What led us to a culture of mediocre performance instead of outstanding performance? Is it an attempt to abort all academic efforts that theorize and strain themselves in solving puzzles and dilemmas to reach constructive proposals to heal the greatness, satisfy the great Creator, and strengthen the pillars and components of the desired Iraqi economy in light of volatile growth sources.This study came to reveal the current ambiguous situation in Iraq regarding the performance of deceptive companies that engage in spurious and irregular marketing activity and compare them with honest companies with real marketing and reward the second with its right and rights, and expose the first with all its sighs and stray breath Where the study was divided into three aspects, the first aspect focused on highlighting the methodology that followed the steps of the study and established the pillars and modalities of the research, while the second aspect focused on a theoretical account of the research variables and a review of the practical side, and we concluded with conclusions and recommendations.
Urbanization in China: Through the City Construction in Qingming Scroll and the Proposition of New-Type Urbanization
Authors: YI Yuxi
Published: August 2021

In the 2019 Government Work Report of The State Council[1], Prime Minister of the People’s Republic of China, Li Keqiang, stressed the need to “promote coordinated regional development and improve the quality of new-type urbanization.” The Government Work Report of The State Council in May 2020 puts forward the basic principles of strengthening the new-type urbanization and improving the capacity of public service facilities[2]. (Xinhua News Agency [XNA], 2020). It is necessary to promote sustainable and livable urbanization. What should urbanization be like in the case of the new type as a crucial task of construction? How should it deepen the reform of the household registration system and promote economic development beyond the population balance of cities? Based on city clusters, how should urbanization further be promoted and comprehensively driven the Chinese economy after the epidemic? Will the "street stall economy" and "small shop economy" jointly proposed by the Central Civilization Office and Prime Minister in 2020 be a new opportunity? By reviewing Urbanization in China (2019) written by Houkai Wei, this paper believes that Qingming Scroll, as an observable example of the economic prosperity of the Northern Song Dynasty, can be a breakthrough in the analysis of the new-type urbanization. Taking the urbanization of the Northern Song Dynasty shown in Qingming Scroll as a base, this paper will further give a new answer on how to further develop and improve the new urbanization. Based on the analysis of the national urbanization of Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty shown and the process given by Urbanization in China, this paper further speculates and constructs the possibility of development. Therefore, according to the characteristics of cities and the nature of urban development in the Northern Song Dynasty, this paper tries to analyze the structure of urbanization in New China and discusses feasible new ways of the urban economy.[1] Li, Keqiang. (2019). Report on the Work of the Government of the State Council.[2] Xinhua News Agency. (2020). Report on the Work of the Government for 2020.
De Rham–Witt sheaves via algebraic cycles
Authors: Krishna Amalendu , Park Jinhyun
Published: August 2021

We show that the additive higher Chow groups of regular schemes over a field induce a Zariski sheaf of pro-differential graded algebras, the Milnor range of which is isomorphic to the Zariski sheaf of big de Rham–Witt complexes. This provides an explicit cycle-theoretic description of the big de Rham–Witt sheaves. Several applications are derived.
The passive leg movement technique for assessing vascular function: the impact of baseline blood flow
Authors: Shields Katherine L. , Broxterman Ryan M. , Jarrett Catherine L. , Bisconti Angela V. , Park Soung Hun , Richardson Russell S.
Published: August 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

The passive leg movement (PLM) assessment of vascular function utilizes the blood flow response in the common femoral artery (CFA): what is the impact of baseline CFA blood flow on the PLM response?

What is the main finding and its importance?

Although an attenuated PLM response is not an obligatory consequence of increased baseline CFA blood flow, increased blood flow through the deep femoral artery will diminish the response. Care should be taken to ensure that a genuine baseline leg blood flow is obtained prior to performing a PLM vascular function assessment.

The passive leg movement (PLM) assessment of vascular function utilizes the blood flow response in the common femoral artery (CFA). This response is primarily driven by vasodilation of the microvasculature downstream from the deep (DFA) and, to a lesser extent, the superficial (SFA) femoral artery, which facilitate blood flow to the upper and lower leg, respectively. However, the impact of baseline CFA blood flow on the PLM response is unknown. Therefore, to manipulate baseline CFA blood flow, PLM was performed with and without upper and lower leg cutaneous heating in 10 healthy subjects, with blood flow (ultrasound Doppler) and blood pressure (finometer) assessed. Baseline blood flow was significantly increased in the CFA (∼97%), DFA (∼109%) and SFA (∼78%) by upper leg heating. This increase in baseline CFA blood flow significantly attenuated the PLM‐induced total blood flow in the DFA (∼62%), which was reflected by a significant fall in blood flow in the CFA (∼49%), but not in the SFA. Conversely, lower leg heating increased blood flow in the CFA (∼68%) and SFA (∼160%), but not in the DFA. Interestingly, this increase in baseline CFA blood flow only significantly attenuated the PLM‐induced total blood flow in the SFA (∼60%), and not in the CFA or DFA. Thus, although an attenuated PLM response is not an obligatory consequence of an increase in baseline CFA blood flow, an increase in baseline blood flow through the DFA will diminish the PLM response. Therefore, care should be taken to ensure that a genuine baseline leg blood flow is obtained prior to performance of a PLM vascular function assessment.
Análise e interpretação de dados gravimétricos nas porções terrestre e marítima do Brasil Meridional
Authors: Rocha Paula Lúcia Ferrucio da , Braga Luiz Fernando Santana
Published: August 2021

We have interpreted the Bouguer anomaly map from South Brazil and its adjoining oceanic areas, using the land data from the SAGP Project (1990), and the marine data derived from GEOSAT. With the aid of the vertical derivatives and the maximum horizontal gradientes of the Bouguer anomalies we have mapped the boundaries between the major lithospheric compartments, here characterized by their gravity signatures. Two dimensional gravity modelling with available geological constraints have also been performed aiming to estimate the crustal thicknesses within each individual compartment. We show that the gravity responses of the continental, transitional and oceanic lithospheres are well distinguished.
Espeleogênese em quartzitos da Serra do Ibitipoca, sudeste de Minas Gerais
Authors: Corrêa Neto Atlas V. , Baptista Filho João
Published: August 2021

The caves built in quartzites at the Ibitipoca Range are part of hierarquized underground drainage systems. Spelcogencsis was a two-stage process, following the sanding/piping model. In the first stage, porosity was generated by feldspar and phyllosilicates alteration and silica solution from quartz. The essential conditions for cave development were: (1) a large diference between local and regional base levels; (2) presence of rock layers specially susceptible to sanding and piping processes (fine-grained micaceous quartzite) and (3) a sequence of cycles of stability and uplift Different cave patterns and sizes can be explained by changes in one or more of the above conditionants.
Análise estrutural na parte central do greenstone belt Rio das Velhas, quadrilátero ferrífero (MG)
Authors: Corrêa Neto Atlas V. , Dayan Henrique , Pires Fernando R. M. , Braga Marcelo V. da C.
Published: August 2021

The Rio das Velhas Greenstone Belt (Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil) study area has been divided in two structural domains: frontal and oblique ramps. The frontal ramp domain shows predominately oblate shape fabrics and larger dispersion of strain ellipsoids orientation, while strain is higher and fabrics are prolate on the oblique ramp domain. The observed fabrics were generated by superimposed deformations. E-W thrusting has modified and reoriented early fabrics formed during the Archean deformation event and/or the Bação Complex uplift. Basement highs in the lateral ramp domain generated higher internal deformation and local shortening, normal to the thrust's movement, originating prolate fabrics Variations of the shape fabric orientation on the frontal ramp domain reflect lower deformation values.
Ravinas: processo de formação e desenvolvimento
Authors: Guerra Antonio José Teixeira
Published: August 2021

The present paper concerns rill initiation and evolution, taking into account its role on the erosion process. Therefore, several aspects of the process are developed, such as: the process itself, evidences of the process, through field and laboratory experiments, the importance of the models, the consequences to agricultural soils and the conectivity with other soil erosion processes.
O processo de ocupação por favelas e sua relação com os eventos de deslizamentos no Maciço da Tijuca/RJ
Authors: Fernandes Manoel Do Couto , Lagüéns João Vicente Marques , Coelho Netto Ana Luiza
Published: August 2021

Tijuca massif is marked by mountainous relief which can be devided into five great hydrographic sub-systems (sectors), with They have a different abiotic, biotic and occupation arrangement. This structure is consequence of massif's condition in Rio de Janeiro occupation process. This way, the study to searched understand the importance of slums ocupation in the city expansion in massif direction, and your relation with hydrological and erosive dynamic in study area and lowlands. The results show that slums ocupation in massif's slopes started in the end of last century. Nowadays, slums ocupation is large in sectors which are most degraded with regard to forest coverage substitution (1 and 2), showing the potentiality of this direct vector. Another problem in this kind of occupation is that generally slums location are in the base of hollows, where occour water subsuperficial recharge and increasing landslides probability. About landslides were noted an proportional increasing with regard to enlargementing or appearing of slums.
Estrutura dos depósitos sedimentares quaternários da bacia hidrográfica do rio Santana, Miguel Pereira, Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Madeira Claudio Valdetaro , Borghi Leonardo
Published: August 2021

The present work deals with stratigraphy, sedimentology and geomorphology of Quaternary sedimentary deposits of Santana river hydrographic basin. through facies and arquitectural elements descriptions. Based on five arquitectural elements characterized by ten lithofacies the following structural and depositional evolutions were scheduled: 1) formation of thick soil horizons over the basement; 2) deposition of several alluvial fans on the soils (lithofacies Gm and Fm, element E); 3) above an unconformity we can recognize a fluvial system, characterized by a non well drainage floodplain. This floodplain is overlaid by high-sinuosity channels (lithofacies Sp and St, element C) genetically related to other floodplain (lithofacies Fl and Fsc, element A) where the interfigering with crevasse splay deposits (lithofacies Sh, Sl, and Sp, element B) is ususal; 4) an erosional phase suceed by a new depositional phase characterized by low-sinuosity channels (lithofacies Gp, Gt, Sp, St, and Sh, element D). Nowadays anthropogenic action produces a new erosional phase. The geomorphological features recognized were scheduled: 1) the present floodplain 1.5m above the river bed; 2) the low terrace ( named T2) 5m above the river bed and its deposits is related to element D; 3) the high terrace ( named T1) 11m above the river bed and its deposits is related to elements A, B, C and E.
Electrical conductivity across the alumina support layer following carbon nanotube growth
Authors: Dodson Berg , Chen Guohai , Davis Robert , Vanfleet Richard
Published: August 2021

Several electrical devices are formed by growing vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) structures directly on a substrate. In order to attain high aspect ratio CNT forest growths, a support layer for the CNT catalyst, usually alumina, is generally required. In many cases, it has been found that current can pass from a conductive substrate, across the alumina support layer, and through the CNTs with minimal resistance. This is surprising in the cases where alumina is used because alumina has a resistivity of ρ>1014 Ω cm. This paper explores the mechanism responsible for current being able to cross the alumina support layer with minimal resistance following CNT growth by using scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and two-point current-voltage (I-V) measurements. Through these methods, it is determined that exposure to the carbonaceous gas used during the CNT growth process is primarily responsible for this phenomenon.
A physics-based study of the stagnation enthalpy rise of moving normal shocks
Authors: Van Horn Eric , Scarborough David
Published: August 2021

Normal shocks are generally treated by defining a stationary adiabatic shock discontinuity with a supersonic upstream velocity. A fundamental feature of this approach is that the problem is steady, and the stagnation enthalpy is constant across the shock, greatly simplifying the analysis. However, shocks are generally not stationary, but rather are unsteady flow features often translating into a quiescent medium. Moreover, the stagnation enthalpy of a fluid will rise in a moving shock, an often unexpected result for students studying compressible flow. In this paper, stationary normal shocks are analyzed using the classic Rankine–Hugoniot equations. The analysis is then transformed to consider a moving shock propagating into a quiescent medium. This analysis produces a simple expression relating the stagnation enthalpy rise across a moving normal shock as a function of the shock strength as measured by either the shock pressure ratio or differential pressure across the shock. An unsteady integral control volume analysis is then used to show that the cause for the stagnation enthalpy rise is the work done by the fluid downstream of the shock to compress the upstream fluid upstream.
Content Acquisition Podcasts and Preservice Physical Educators’ Knowledge and Self-Efficacy Toward Teaching Students With Visual Impairments
Authors: McNamara Scott W.T. , Brian Ali , Bittner Melissa
Published: August 2021

Identifying tools to reinforce content on teaching children with visual impairments (VI) is needed to better inform future physical educators as children with VI often have poor physical education (PE) experiences. Content acquisition podcasts (CAPs), podcasts created with instructional design principles and expert-developed content, may provide preservice PE teachers with knowledge and confidence needed to properly teach children with VI. The purpose of this investigation was to compare knowledge and self-efficacy differences from pre- to postintervention among a control group, a textbook chapter group, and a CAPs group. A knowledge and self-efficacy assessment was developed through a modified Delphi method. The CAPs participants showed significantly higher knowledge gains compared with other groups. The CAPs group revealed significantly higher self-efficacy gain when compared with the control but did not significantly differ from one another. The textbook group did not significantly differ from the control group. Implications for future research and suggestions for practitioners are discussed.
Active Living Education: Leveling the Playing Field for Black or African American Students
Authors: Imagbe Stacy , Wang Baofu , Liu Yang , Androzzi Jared , Gu Xiangli , Chen Senlin
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the potential racial disparities in education for active living (i.e., regular participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity with mitigated and interrupted levels of sedentary behavior) between Black/African American and White students. Methods: The study took place in one public middle school located in the Southeastern region of the United States. A total of 167 Black and 168 White students in sixth, seventh, and eighth grades completed a written test and a survey in physical education to assess active living knowledge and behaviors, respectively. Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance and tests of between-subjects effects showed significant race differences. Specifically, Black students scored significantly lower on the knowledge test and reported lower levels of physical activity out of school, and higher levels of sedentary behavior than White students, after controlling for grade and gender. Conclusion: The results identified racial disparities in knowledge and behaviors of active living. Tailored, culturally relevant active living education in and out of schools are needed to level the playing field for Black students.
The Role of Emotional Intelligence and Resilience in Physical Education Teacher Education Faculty Perceived Mattering
Authors: Richards K. Andrew R. , Trad Alyssa M. , Kinder Christopher J. , Graber Kim C. , Woods Amelia Mays
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Grounded in occupational socialization theory, the purpose of this study was to test a conceptual framework for understanding the role of emotional intelligence and resilience in the development of perceived mattering among U.S. physical education teacher education faculty using structural equation modeling. Method: The sample included 286 U.S. faculty members (151 females and 135 males), and the data were collected through an online survey that included instruments to measure key study variables. The primary analyses used structural equation modeling to evaluate relationships hypothesized in the conceptual model. Results: While not all hypothesized relationships in the model were significant, generally, the results confirmed the hypothesized relationships among the study variables, suggesting that resilience mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and perceived mattering. Discussion: Socioemotional skills, such as emotional intelligence, appear important for helping physical education teacher education faculty members perceive resiliency and mattering in their work. Accordingly, these skills should be considered for doctoral education and faculty development programs.