bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA COMPETENCIA ESCRITA EN ASIGNATURAS DEL CURRÍCULO DE LENGUA CASTELLANA. COMPOSICIÓN DE TEXTOS ACADÉMICOS EN LA FORMACIÓN DE MAESTROS.
Authors: Zambrano-Valencia Juan David , Uribe-Álvarez Graciela , Camargo-Martínez Zahyra Del Socorro
Published: April 2021

Esta investigación se propuso optimizar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de habilidades escriturales en los estudiantes de dos asignaturas del currículo de español y literatura, mediante el diseño y aplicación de una propuesta de intervención para la producción de textos académicos (expositivo-explicativos y argumentativos), dirigida a alumnos de quinto y noveno semestre de la Licenciatura en Literatura y Lengua Castellana de la Universidad del Quindío, que buscó incidir en el desarrollo de la competencia escrita. La investigación es de corte cualitativo basado en el método de Elliott (2000) sobre Investigación-Acción-Participación (IAP). Como conclusión, se advierte que los profesores en formación logran planificar, producir, revisar, reescribir, editar y divulgar textos en sus asignaturas, a partir de la puesta en práctica de las estrategias propuestas, lo que redunda de manera positiva en su preparación como maestros y favorece el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa.
Okul Müdürleri ve Öğretmenlerin Profesyonel Sermayesi: Bir Literatür İncelemesi
Authors: ÖZLÜK Doğan , AYPAY Ahmet
Published: April 2021

Profesyonel sermaye, gerek eğitim yönetiminde gerekse diğer disiplinlerde yeni bir kavram olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu alanyazın taramasının amacı, başta eğitim yönetimi olmak üzere eğitim bilimlerinde profesyonel sermaye konulu çalışmaları incelemektir. Araştırmada doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır. Profesyonel sermayeyi ele alan çalışmaların kavrama yüklediği anlam ve kavramın boyutları tartışıldıktan sonra; söz konusu çalışmaların amaç, yöntem, evren, örneklem, bulgu ve sonuçlarına odaklanılmıştır. Kısa bir geçmişe sahip profesyonel sermaye kavramının gelişim seyrini gözlemleyebilmek amacıyla ele alınan çalışmaların kronolojik olarak incelenmesi tercih edilmiştir. Hargreaves ve Fullan’a ait (2012) Professional capital: transforming teaching in every school adlı eserin yayımlanmasıyla birlikte profesyonel sermaye kavramı yeni bir boyut ve anlam kazanmıştır. Bu dönemden sonra profesyonel sermaye kavramı; beşeri sermaye, sosyal sermaye ve karar verme sermayesinin bileşkesi anlamında kullanılmaya başlamış ve eğitim yönetimi alanında profesyonel sermaye teorik çerçevesiyle ilişkili çalışmalar artmıştır. Bununla birlikte araştırmaların çoğunun birkaç ülkeyle sınırlı olması, kavramın ve çalışma sahasının henüz yeterince küreselleşmediğini göstermektedir. Türkçe literatürde de konuyla ilgili çok sınırlı sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle, göreli olarak yeni bir kavram olan profesyonel sermaye ile ilgili araştırmaların derlendiği ve kısaca özetlendiği bu çalışmanın, genel olarak eğitim ve özel olarak ise eğitim yönetimi alanındaki araştırmacılar için, kavramın daha derinlemesine incelenmesi ve geliştirilmesi açısından önemli olduğu ifade edilebilir.
Noninvasive Ultrasound Stimulation of Ventral Tegmental Area Induces Reanimation from General Anaesthesia in Mice
Authors: Bian Tianyuan , Meng Wen , Qiu Meihong , Zhong Zhigang , Lin Zhengrong , Zou Junjie , Wang Yibo , Huang Xiaowei , Xu Lisheng , Yuan Tifei , Huang Zhili , Niu Lili , Meng Long , Zheng Hairong
Published: April 2021

Evidence in animals suggests that deep brain stimulation or optogenetics can be used for recovery from disorders of consciousness (DOC). However, these treatments require invasive procedures. This report presents a noninvasive strategy to stimulate central nervous system neurons selectively for recovery from DOC in mice. Through the delivery of ultrasound energy to the ventral tegmental area, mice were aroused from an unconscious, anaesthetized state in this study, and this process was controlled by adjusting the ultrasound parameters. The mice in the sham group under isoflurane-induced, continuous, steady-state general anaesthesia did not regain their righting reflex. On insonation, the emergence time from inhaled isoflurane anaesthesia decreased (sham:

13.63
±
0.53
 
min

, ultrasound:

1.5
±
0.19
 
min

,

p
<
0.001

). Further, the induction time (sham:

12.0
±
0.6
 
min

, ultrasound:

17.88
±
0.64
 
min

,

p
<
0.001

) and the concentration for 50% of the maximal effect (EC50) of isoflurane (sham: 0.6%, ultrasound: 0.7%) increased. In addition, ultrasound stimulation reduced the recovery time in mice with traumatic brain injury (sham:

30.38
±
1.9
 
min

, ultrasound:

7.38
±
1.02
 
min

,

p
<
0.01

). This noninvasive strategy could be used on demand to promote emergence from DOC and may be a potential treatment for such disorders.
Quantitative Evaluation of Leaf Inclination Angle Distribution on Leaf Area Index Retrieval of Coniferous Canopies
Authors: Yan Guangjian , Jiang Hailan , Luo Jinghui , Mu Xihan , Li Fan , Qi Jianbo , Hu Ronghai , Xie Donghui , Zhou Guoqing
Published: April 2021

Both leaf inclination angle distribution (LAD) and leaf area index (LAI) dominate optical remote sensing signals. The G-function, which is a function of LAD and remote sensing geometry, is often set to 0.5 in the LAI retrieval of coniferous canopies even though this assumption is only valid for spherical LAD. Large uncertainties are thus introduced. However, because numerous tiny leaves grow on conifers, it is nearly impossible to quantitatively evaluate such uncertainties in LAI retrieval. In this study, we proposed a method to characterize the possible change of G-function of coniferous canopies as well as its effect on LAI retrieval. Specifically, a Multi-Directional Imager (MDI) was developed to capture stereo images of the branches, and the needles were reconstructed. The accuracy of the inclination angles calculated from the reconstructed needles was high. Moreover, we analyzed whether a spherical distribution is a valid assumption for coniferous canopies by calculating the possible range of the G-function from the measured LADs of branches of
Larch
and
Spruce
and the true G-functions of other species from some existing inventory data and three-dimensional (3D) tree models. Results show that the constant G assumption introduces large errors in LAI retrieval, which could be as large as 53% in the zenithal viewing direction used by spaceborne LiDAR. As a result, accurate LAD estimation is recommended. In the absence of such data, our results show that a viewing zenith angle between 45 and 65 degrees is a good choice, at which the errors of LAI retrieval caused by the spherical assumption will be less than 10% for coniferous canopies.
FEATURES OF CREATING A VOTING SYSTEM USING THE ETHEREUM BLOCKCHAIN PLATFORM
Authors: Ponomarev Igor
Published: April 2021

Today, blockchain applications are being developed for a wide variety of areas of activity - from trade and advertising to logistics and social networks. Building an application using a ready-made blockchain on one of the specialized platforms is the most efficient way to develop. The development of a decentralized voting system on one of the most functional blockchain platforms Ethereum with a developed infrastructure for creating smart contracts is being considered.
МАСШТАБОВАНА ПРОГРАМНА СИСТЕМА СТЕГАНОГРАФІЧНОГО ЗАХИСТУ МУЛЬТИМЕДІЙНИХ ДАНИХ КОРИСТУВАЧІВ ІНТЕРНЕТ
Authors: Радченко Євген , Сулема Євгенія
Published: April 2021

У статті запропоновано універсальну об’єктно-орієнтовану архітектуру програмної системи стеганографічного захисту мультимедійних даних, що ґрунтується на використані поліморфізму для мінімізації роботи програміста при необхідності мас-штабування та підтримки стеганографічної системи.
CONTROL OF LOAD OF THE COMMUNICATION NETWORK WITH VIRTUAL FRAGMENTATION AND TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE CURRENT «COMPOSITION» OF OVERLOADED FRAGMENTS
Authors: Lehenkov Oleksandr , Labutkina Tetiana
Published: April 2021

The problems of network load management for a generalized version of a large packet switching network are investigated. The network is divided into elementary fragments according to the selected rule. Data routing is "flat" (not hierarchical). Abstraction is used - a set of network fragments can be represented as a set of networked elements. For each fragment, a significant indicator of its load (for example, the average load of its nodes or another) is defined. The limit of this indicator is set, which provides the definition of an elementary fragment as a fragment with an increased load. In the entered imaginary "network of fragments" there are connected groups of fragments with the increased loading. For groups of elementary fragments with high load, modifications of the load control method are used due to the choice of the lowest cost paths, in which the routing takes into account the node's belonging to the fragments with high load.
Çok Kademeli Buhar Sıkıştırmalı İdeal Soğutma Çevrimlerinde Farklı Soğutucu Akışkanlar Kullanarak Enerji ve Ekserji Analizi
Authors: KAYA Alaattin Metin
Published: April 2021

Çok kademeli buhar sıkıştırmalı soğutma çevrimleri, düşük sıcaklık uygulamalarında kullanılmasının yanı sıra, sıcaklık farkının yüksek olduğu soğutma uygulamalarında da tercih edilmektedir. Son yıllarda çevresel faktörlerin daha fazla önem kazanması ile birlikte alternatif soğutucu akışkanlar kullanımı araştırılmaktadır. Soğutma çevrimlerinde enerji tasarrufunu araştırmanın ve sağlamanın yolu her ne kadar kompresör işini minimuma indirmek gibi görünse de, birim soğutma için gerekli minimum gücü verdiği için Performans Katsayısını (COP) optimize etme üzerinde çalışmak daha cazip gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, iki kademeli buhar sıkıştırmalı ideal bir soğutma çevriminde kullanılması durumunda farklı soğutucu akışkanların performansları parametrik olarak incelenerek mukayeseleri yapılmıştır. Buharlaşma ve yoğuşma sıcaklıklarının değişimi ile her bir akışkan için sistemin ayrı ayrı COP değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca sistemin kompresör işi ve soğutma yüklerinin değişimleri de sunulmuştur. Sistemde en yüksek COP değeri, 6.593 ile soğutucu akışkan R600 kullanılması durumunda 5 °C buharlaşma sıcaklığında elde edilirken, en düşük değer 3.311 ile 50 °C yoğuşma sıcaklığında R227ea kullanılması durumunda elde edilmiştir.
Desafíos y especificidades de la arqueología de campos de batalla en la Argentina:
Authors: Leoni Juan B.
Published: April 2021

Resumen1* En este trabajo se discute el rol que la arqueología de campos de batalla puede jugar en la reconstrucción de los hechos históricos ocurridos en ellos, así como las especificidades y desafíos que enfrenta su práctica en nuestro medio, en particular en lo referente a batallas ocurridas durante el siglo XIX. Empleamos como ejemplo nuestras investigaciones en curso de las batallas de Cepeda (1859) y Pavón (1861) tanto para ilustrar algunas de las contribuciones realizadas hasta el momento, como para discutirlos aspectos principales que diferencian estos casos de otros contemporáneos de Europa y América del Norte y que pueden plantear límites al potencial interpretativo del enfoque arqueológico.
Features of hospital wastewater treatment
Authors: Пукемо М.М. , Кулаков А.А. , Желтухин Р.В.
Published: April 2021

При высоких концентрациях азотных соединений и низком содержании органических веществ в сточных водах денитрификация протекает не в полной мере, что приводит к высокому содержанию нитратов в очищенной воде. Описан опыт применения дополнительного субстрата для обеспечения денитрифицируемого азота нитратов требуемым органическим веществом. Выявлено глубокое угнетение биоценоза при высоких концентрациях хлорпроизводных в поступающих на очистку сточных водах. При концентрации общего хлора 5,4–6,8 мг/л процессы биологической очистки практически не протекали, а биопленка на поверхности загрузки не формировалась. Отмечено, что состав сточных вод больничного комплекса отличается низким содержанием органических веществ (БПК5 в среднем 42,3 мг/л, ХПК в среднем 128,9 мг/л) при концентрации общего азота 43,4 мг/л. Экспериментально подтверждена эффективность применения сахарозы в качестве субстрата для денитрификации сточных вод больничного комплекса. Расход сахара составил 0,17 кг/м3 при соотношении БПК5/азот общий 0,95 в поступающих на очистку сточных водах.

At high concentrations of nitrogen compounds and low concentrations of organic substances in wastewater, the process of denitrification does not proceed in full, resulting in a high concentration of nitrates in the effluent. The experience of using an extra substrate to supply the denitrified nitrate nitrogen with the required organic matter is described. Deep suppression of biocenosis at high concentrations of chlorine derivatives in raw wastewater was revealed. At a total chlorine concentration of 5.4–6.8 mg/l, neither biological treatment processes proceeded, nor a biofilm formed on the media surface. It is noted that the composition of the hospital wastewater is characterized by a low concentration of organic matter (BOD5 was on average 42.3 mg/l, COD – on average 128.9 mg/l) with a total nitrogen concentration of 43.4 mg/l. The effectiveness of using sucrose as a substrate for the denitrification of hospital wastewater has been experimentally confirmed. The sugar consumption was 0.17 kg/m3 at the ratio of BOD5/total nitrogen of 0.95 in the incoming wastewater.
Textual and Discourse Characteristics of a Contemporary German Political Poster
Authors: Goncharova Yevgeniya
Published: April 2021

The research object is a polycode text of a political poster studied on the material taken from posters used by contemporary political parties of the Federal Republic of Germany. The subject of research includes discourse parame-ters associated with the belonging of the text type under study to the socio-political communication such as persuasion, agonality, institutionality, and pol-ysubjectness. The interpretation of verbal and non-verbal markers of these dis-course parameters is carried out through the leading communicative and prag-matic tactics used in creating a text structure of a political poster as a means of social mass campaigning and propaganda.
H. Kant’s Autobiographical Novel «The Stay» («Der Aufenthalt», 1976): Fiction and Reality
Authors: Gurevich Rimma
Published: April 2021

The theme of Kant’s autobiographical novel «The Stay» (Der Aufenthalt, 1976) is the spiritual rebirth of German prisoner of war, a soldier of the Hitlerite ar-my. The article reveals the interaction of two components found in the novel: the fic-tional and the real ones in depicting this complex psychological process. The analysis of the chapters (X, XV, VI) shows various forms of artistic –aesthetic processing of authentic autobiographical material. In Chapter X the author «collects» his own emotional impressions, experienced by him in different periods of his life (such as cold, loneliness, hunger) and «ties» them to the situation of the main character sitting in a lonely cell in a prison. In Chapter XV he «adds» to real autobiographical facts an important artistic detail –a school pencil case of a Jewish girl killed by Nazis. In Chapter VI Kant makes a masterful use of temporal and narrative distance: the hero estimates the decisive episode of his youth –a conversation with a Russian woman-doctor from the viewpoint of a mature person recalling his life.
S. Bobrov’s Poem «Ancient Night of the Universe, or the Wandering Blind» and the Concept of Russian Freemasonry of the XVIII–Early XIX Centuries
Authors: Bulgakova Anna
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the article is to study the poem «The Ancient Night of the Universe, or the Wandering Blind» by Semyon Bobrov from the viewpoint of the doctrine belonged to Russian Freemasonry of the 18th –early 19th centuries. It is based on a combinationof mystical, esoteric, Christian (Orthodox) and en-lightening ideas which allowed this movement to organically fit into the socio-cultural context of the pre-romantic epoch. The analysis of the poem as a philo-sophical, allegorical and esoteric text, in turn, has revealed Russian Freema-sonry’s specificity consisted in the close interaction of various religious, philo-sophical and ethical systems. The special eclecticism of S. Bobrov’s thinking is reflected in the onto-logical, epistemological and axiological problems of the poem and expressed at all levels of the poetic text such as ideological-thematic, figurative, composi-tional and poetological ones. «Dreamy mysticism», consonant with the pre-romantic worldview, creates a general atmosphere of mystery in thepoem and serves as the basis for the image formation of Nesham, the main character, as well as a system of symbols (an eye, a ray, a circle, a temple, a mirror, an oil lamp, etc.). Moreover, S. Bobrov builds the poem structure according to the cat-egories and principles of esoteric thinking like universal correspondences, liv-ing nature (the world as a «chain of being»), mediation and imagination, trans-mutation and concordance. At the same time, a special place in the poem is occupied by the ideas of inner freedom and morality, mercy and compassion, which testifies to the poet’s closeness to Orthodox culture. S. Bobrov’s human-istic orientation, special interest to the category of intellect and attention to epistemological problems testify an «enlightenment» trace in the poet’s worldview. Thereby, the combination of heterogeneous religious, philosophical and cultural concepts in S. Bobrov’s work can be explained by the poet’s close-ness to Russian masons of the 18th –early 19th centuries.
Anomalous photoluminescence properties of emissive polymer originating from modulated chemical structures affected by antioxidant effect of natural β-carotene
Authors: Magata Yuuki , Ohtani Naoki
Published: April 2021

We investigated the antioxidant effect of natural β-carotene on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of emissive polymers and extracted the β-carotene from spinach using column chromatography. The follow-up observation of the PL spectra of β-carotene-doped poly[2-methoxy-5-(3′,7′-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV) revealed anomalous properties; the PL intensity gradually increased. In addition, the PL peaking-wavelength was blue-shifted. To evaluate this phenomenon, we performed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and PL measurements of other two emissive polymers whose chemical structures resemble those of MDMO-PPV. MDMO-PPV and β-carotene were mixed in the solution for the NMR measurement and irradiated by UV to accelerate the chemical reactions. NMR measurement clearly shows that the chemical structure of MDMO-PPV was changed by β-carotene-doping. In particular, the conjugated double-bond structure of the main chain backbone was shortened by the cleavage of the alkene, breaking the side chains of the methoxy groups. Thus, the origin of the blue-shifted PL spectra can be attributed to these changes in the MDMO-PPV’s chemical structure. To confirm this, the PL properties of MDMO-PPV and two other β-carotene-doped emissive polymers in oxygen gas were evaluated. Their PL intensities exhibited similar increases, but their peaking-wavelengths were not blue-shifted. This indicates that although β-carotene can improve the PL lifetime of emissive polymers, the chemical structures of some polymers can be easily destroyed.
Low temperature growth of In2O3 films via pulsed laser deposition with oxygen plasma
Authors: Pan Chengyu , Saito Katsuhiko , Tanaka Tooru , Guo Qixin
Published: April 2021

In2O3 films were deposited on c-plane sapphire substrates by using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) without and with oxygen plasma at various growth temperature. The crystal structure, optical properties and surface morphologies were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, spectrophotometer and atomic force microscope. XRD analysis revealed that all films have the body-centered cubic structure with a preferable (222) orientation. The results of XRC, Raman spectroscopy and spectrophotometer prove the superiority of plasma-assisted PLD. The low temperature growth of crystal In2O3 film paves the way to be compatible with the established silicon microfabrication processes.
Schottky barrier diodes fabricated on high-purity type-IIa CVD diamond substrates using an all-ion-implantation process
Authors: Shigematsu Seiya , Oishi Toshiyuki , Seki Yuhei , Hoshino Yasushi , Nakata Jyoji , Kasu Makoto
Published: April 2021

We fabricated a Schottky barrier diode (SBD) on ion-implanted diamond substrates. The SBDs contained lightly doped regions under the Schottky electrodes and heavily doped regions beneath the Ohmic contacts. The current remained below 6.4 × 10−11 A at reverse biases of up to 10 V, but increased sharply at a forward bias of −3.5 V. The Schottky barrier height and ideality factor under forward bias were estimated to be 1.1 eV and 10, respectively. The hole concentrations obtained by measuring the capacitance at various supplied voltages were in good agreement with the values obtained from the Hall effect measurements.
Conectar tiempos y espacios educativos: la educación a tiempo completo
Authors:   Fundación Jaume Bofill, Sintes Pascual Elena
Published: April 2021

Diversos países han reformulado sus horarios y calendarios escolares mediante proyectos de educación a tiempo completo. Este capítulo analiza cómo este modelo promueve la salud, el bienestar y el aprendizaje de los niños y adolescentes, amplía las oportunidades educativas del alumnado integrando actividades lectivas y no lectivas dentro de un mismo proyecto educativo e impulsa proyectos de innovación y transformación pedagógica.
GOVERNANCE OF ORGANIZATIONS WITH STATE PARTICIPATION: CURRENT PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE MECHANISMS FOR IMPROVEMENT
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Accounting and Taxation, K. L. Khetagurov North Ossetian State University, TOKAEVA S. K. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Management, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Vladikavkaz Branch, Vladikavkaz, Russia, DANIL’YANTS G. G. ,   Student of the Faculty of Finance and Economics, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Vladikavkaz Branch, Vladikavkaz, Russia
Published: April 2021

The article examines the main forms of management of state enterprises and organizations with state participation. The main goal of the work is to reflect the main shortcomings in the management of state property and identify mechanisms for its improvement. Statistical data and analytical reports of state organizations exercising control over the activities of state property management were used.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BUDGET INVESTMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL POLICY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Economics and Finance, Vladikavkaz Branch of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Vladikavkaz, Russian Federation, MARDEYAN N. A. , TAVITOV A. N. ,   2nd year Master's degree, Vladikavkaz Branch of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Vladikavkaz, Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the financing of budget investments in the social complex at the expense of the federal budget, which are carried out in accordance with the main directions of the Federal Targeted Investment Program for 2018–2020.
FEATURES OF THE USE OF SIMULATION MODELING FOR MAKING MANAGEMENT DECISIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY TO EXAMPLE OF A TRADING COMPANY
Authors:   Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Vladikavkaz Branch of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Vladikavkaz, Russian Federation, VOLIK M. V. , KAISINOV A. A. ,   3rd year Student of the Faculty of Finance and Economics, Vladikavkaz Branch of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation Vladikavkaz, Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

Currently, for the effective development of any company, modern information technologies and information systems are used, including for making up-to-date decisions on the management of processes and personnel. In the context of the digitalization of the economy, special attention is paid to the business processes of interaction with clients of companies whose main goal is to increase the client base. In modern economic conditions, small business in Russia is developing steadily. Particularly relevant is the use of modern information technologies, which contribute to increasing the company's competitiveness, making new economic decisions, forming relevant strategies for the production and sale of products, goods, services, and building and retaining a customer base. To improve interaction with customers and the development of small businesses, the use of simulation modeling of queuing systems is of particular importance. In this study, used the GPSS World Student modeling environment, which allowed us to analyze the queuing system using the example of a grocery store. Computational experiments using the prepared simulation model have shown the direction of optimizing the number of points of payment for purchases when interacting with customers. Also, a preliminary forecast of the economic efficiency of the company with a different amount of used cash registers was carried out.
The Intercultural Competence in Young Learners in an Elementary School in Miami
Authors: Ordones Damary
Published: April 2021

In 1951, Jean Piaget and Anne Marie Weil analyzed the way in which children perceived foreigners in their article, “The Development in Children of the Idea of Homeland and of Relations with other Countries”. They concluded that only at the age of 11 or 12, did they reach the affective and cognitive development to understand and relate to people from other countries. The results of my work go beyond these studies, unlike what happens in a multilingual society, such as Switzerland where Piaget and Weil’ research is contextualized. Children in a multicultural society like Miami, Florida, develop the cognitive and affective aspects to relate to others at an earlier age. I applied two methodologies to this study. The first method is a questionnaire divided into three parts: 1) the development of the concept of homeland in children, 2) their reaction towards countries other than their own, and 3) the cognitive and affective understanding of others. The second method consisted of didactic lessons designed to fosterand enhance students’s intercultural competence and their acquisition of a foreign language.
PENGARUH POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DAN TEMAN SEBAYA TERHADAP ASERTIFITAS REMAJA DALAM PERILAKU SEKSUAL DI SMP NEGERI I HINAI KECAMATAN HINAI KABUPATEN LANGKAT TAHUN 2014
Authors: Humaira Wardati
Published: April 2021

Berbagai upaya pembangunan untuk menggali potensi remaja dilakukan, sehingga menyebabkan perubahan pada kehidupan remaja. Apabila upaya pembangunan yang dilakukan seimbang dan proporsional tentu tidak akan menimbulkan masalah yang cukup berarti, akan tetapi adanya ketidakseimbangan upaya pembangunan yang dilakukan terutama terhadap remaja, akhirnya menimbulkan masalah bagi pembangunan itu sendiri. Salah satu masalahnya adalah terjadinya perubahan mendasar yang menyangkut sikap dan perilaku seksual pranikah di kalangan remaja (Notoatmodjo, 2007). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor asertifitas remaja dalam perilaku seksual di SMP Negeri 1 Hinai Kabupaten Langkat Tahun 2013. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode survei explanatory research. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswi SMP Negeri 1 Hinai yang berjumlah 363 orang. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah siswi kelas VIII dan IX sebanyak 113 orang, dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan proportional random sampling. Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui penyebaran angket menggunakan alat bantu kuesioner, dianalisis dengan regresi logistik berganda pada ? = 5%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, asertifitas remaja dalam perilaku seksual berada pada kategori tinggi (57,5%), dan secara statistik variabel yang paling dominan memengaruhi adalah teman sebaya yaitu dengan nilai koefisien regresi 5,011. Disarankan pihak sekolah SMP Negeri 1 Hinai hendaknya meningkatkan perilaku asertif remaja dengan memasukkan pendidikan asertif dalam kurikulum muatan lokal di sekolah dan dapat bekerja sama dengan orang tua remaja dalam mengontrol hubungan remaja dengan teman sebaya, pihak terkait mengajarkan remaja untuk lebih berani dalam pengambilan keputusan, responden harus dapat mempertahankan harga diri.
PENGARUH RELAKSASI IMAJINASI TERMBIMBING TERHADAP NYERI MENSTRUASI PADA REMAJA
Authors: Hutagaol Hotma Sauhur
Published: April 2021

Menstruasi adalah perdarahan secara periodik dan terjadi menurut siklusnya dari rahim. Nyeri menstruasi adalah nyeri saat menstruasi yang terasa di perut bagian bawah dan muncul sebelum, selama atau setelah menstruasi. Relaksasi Imajinasi Terbimbing secara umum sebagai metode yang paling efektif terutama pada pasien yang mengalami nyeri sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian pengaruh terapi relaksasi terhadap nyeri menstruasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan derajat nyeri menstruasi sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan relaksasi imajinasi terbimbing. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan disain quasi experimental dengan pre and post test control goup design untuk mengetahui pengaruh relaksasi guided imagery terhadap nyeri menstruasi pada remaja. Data dianalisa menggunakan uji Mann_Whitney, dan nilai p<0.05 dianggap bermakna secara statistik. Setelah dilakukan relaksasi imajinasi terbimbing didapati hasil rerata nyeri menstruasi pada kelompok perlakuan sebesar 2,6 ± 0,5 dan rerata nyeri menstruasi pada kelompok kontrol sebesar 4,6 ± 0,6. dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa relaksasi imajinasi terbimbing berpengaruh terhadap nyeri menstruasi.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KEJADIAN DIARE PADA ANAK USIA 2-4 TAHUN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BANDAR KECAMATAN BANDAR TAHUN 2015
Authors: Doloksaribu Tiurlan Mariasima , Sitanggang Marlina
Published: April 2021

Diare adalah penyakit yang ditandai dengan bertambahnya frekuensi buang air besar lebih dari biasanya (lazimnya frekuensi ini lebih dari 3 kali/hari) disertai adanya perubahan bentuk dan konsistensi tinja dari penderita. Upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah dalam meningkatkan tingkat kesehatan yang optimal diantaranya program pemberantasan penyakit menular, salah satunya adalah program pemberantasan penyakit diare. Puskesmas memiliki sub unit pelayanan seperti posyandu. Salah satu kegiatan pokok dari posyandu yaitu penanggulangan diare. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif yaitu suatu metode penelitian yang dilakukan dengan tujuan melihat gambaran fenomena yang terjadi dalam populasi tertentu, dengan pendekatan cross sectional yaitu suatu metode yang merupakan rancangan penelitian dengan melakukan pengukuran atau pengamatan pada saat bersamaan (sekali waktu). Hasil penelitian dilakukan terhadap 38 responden, mayoritas yang terkena diare yaitu 27 responden (71,1%). Hasil ini menunjukan tingginya tingkat kejadian diare pada usia 2-4 tahun di Puskesmas Bandar Kec. Bandar. Faktor lingkungan kurang, terdapat 15 responden (39,4%)kejadian diare, hasil ini menunjukan ada pengaruh lingkungan terhadap kejadian diare. Fakator perilaku yang buruk terdapat 23 responden (60,5%)dengan kejadian diare, menunjukan ada pengaruh perilaku terhadap kejadian diare. Status gizi yang baik dengan ada kejadian diare 17 responden (44,7%), hasil ini menunjukkan ada pngaruh status gizi terhadap kejadian diare.
TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN ORANG TUA (IBU) TENTANG MAKANAN KARIOGENIK DENGAN KEJADIAN KARIES GIGI PADA SISWA-SISWI KELAS III DI SDN 060971 MEDAN
Authors: Simare-mare Rosdiana tiurlan
Published: April 2021

Carcinogenic food is a type of food which cause the incidence of caries. The type of food which can cause the incidence of caries is sweet food which contains a lot of sugar or sucrose. Most children like sweet and sticky food which is one of the causes of the incidence of caries. The research used descriptive survey method with 35 parents and 35 students as the samples. It was aimed to find out the level of knowledge of parents (mothers) in carcinogenic food with the incidence of caries in grade III student of SDN 060971, Medan, in 2016. It was conducted in june , 2016. Primary data were gathered by conducting direct examination and secondary data were obtained from questionnaires. The results of the research showed that 30 respondent (85,7%) had good knowledge of carcinogenic food and the incidenci caries, 3 respondent (8,6%) had moderate knowledge, and 2 respondent (5,7%) had bad knowledge . the result of the research concerning caries of milk teeth showed that the amount def-t was 91 and the mean def-t was 2,6. The result of the reseach concerning the status of caries of permanent teeth showed that amount of DMFT was 75 and the mean DMF-T was 2,14. The concution was that parents (mothers) had good knowledge of SDN 060971, Medan , was bad or surpassed the target of ? 2.
PENGARUH PROMOSI KESEHATAN DENGAN METODE CERAMAH DAN METODE CERAMAH DENGAN MEDIA VIDEO TERHADAP PERILAKU IBU HAMIL TENTANG PERSALINAN AMAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BATUNADUA PADANGSIDEMPUAN TAHUN 2015
Authors: Yuliani Restu , Aritonang Evawany Y , Syarifah Syarifah
Published: April 2021

Health promotion is basically a process of communication and behavior change process through health education. Health promotion activities can achieve maximum results, if the methods and media health promotion is of great concern and must be adapted to the target.         The type of research was a quasi experimental (quasi experimental) with a pretest-posttest design, The population in this study, all pregnant women are entering the third trimester gestational age 37-39 weeks, in the region of 40 health centers Padangsidempuan Batunadua pregnant women. Samples numbered 40 pregnant women are 20 pregnant women group lecture and 20 pregnant women media group lecture with video media. The data were analyzed by using univariat and bivariat analysis with paired sample t-test pairs. The results showed that there are significant health promotion with a lecture and lecture with video media to change knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women on safe childbirth and health promotion methods most influential in improving knowledge, attitudes and actions of pregnant women in conducting safe childbirth in the work area Padangsidempuan Batunadua health centers is a lecture with video media. Need to improve knowledge and attitudes about safe childbirth so as to provide encouragement and support to pregnant women who give birth safely, health workers Batunadua Health Center suggested to use a lecture with video media in delivering health promotion to pregnant mothers because of a lecture with video media can portray a moving object together with natural sounds or sound accordingly.
GAMBARAN PERANAN PENYULUHAN METODE DEMONSTRASI TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN MENYIKAT GIGI PADA SISWA/I KELAS IV SD 068003 KAYU MANIS PERUMNAS SIMALINGKAR KECAMATAN MEDAN TUNTUNGAN
Authors: Nainggolan Sri Junita
Published: April 2021

Brushing teeth is one of the methods to maintain dental hygiene and oral health. It can ward off the incidence of caries. In general, dental and oral health education is obtained from counseling. The group of people that usually becomes the target is elementary school children because the age of 6-14 years is a transition period or the change in permanent teeth (mixed teeth period).In this research, the counseling was the one with demonstration method which was aimed to increase the knowledge of brushing teeth in Grade IV students at SD 068003 Kayu Manis, Perumnas Simalingkar, Medan Tuntungan Subdistrict with 30 students as the samples.The result of the research showed that before the counseling, 18 respondents (60%) were in good criteria in their knowledge of brushing teeth correctly and 11 respondents (36.7%) were in moderate category. After the counseling with demonstration method, all respondents (100%) were in good category.The conclusion was that counseling with demonstration method could improve students’ knowledge of brushing teeth. It is recommended that Grade IV students at SD 068003 brush their teeth properly and correctly.
Front Matter
Authors: Daulay Herlinawati
Published: April 2021

Indexing and editorial
PERBEDAAN MOTIVASI UNTUK MELAKUKAN SENAM NIFAS PADA IBU POSTPARTUM YANG DIBERIKAN PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN DENGAN YANG TIDAK DIBERIKAN PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN DI RUMAH SAKIT BINA KASIH MEDAN
Authors: Sitepu Jujuren br.
Published: April 2021

Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) merupakan salah satu indikator keberhasilan suatu pelayanan kesehatan. SKRTmemperkirakan 60% kematian ibu akibat kehamilan terjadi setelah persalinan, dan 50% kematian masa nifasterjadi dalam 24 jam pertama. Untuk meminimalkan masalah atau komplikasi pasca persalinan seperti resikoperdarahan pasca postpartum salah satu aktivitas yang dianjurkan adalah senam nifas. Tujuan dalampenelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan motivasi untuk melakukan senam nifas pada ibu postpartum yangdiberikan pendidikan kesehatan dengan yang tidak diberikan pendidikankesehatan di RSU BINA KASIH.Desain penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Rancangan penelitian inimenggunakan pra- eksperimental yaitu dengan metode staticgroup comparison design, dan uji statistik yangdigunakan yaitu uji mann whitney. Besar sampel yang digunakan untuk masing-masing kelompok yaitu 30responden. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah sampling Insidental. Data diperoleh denganmenggunakan kuesioner yang langsung diberikan kepada responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwapada kelompok responden dengan perlakuan diperoleh hasil sebagian besar memiliki motivasi tinggi (85 %)sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol didapatkan (75%) memiliki motivasi sedang dan sisanya memilikimotivasi rendah. Dari hasil uji beda yang dilakukan, didapatkan bahwa ada perbedaan motivasi untukmelakukan senam nifas pada ibu post partum yang diberikan pendidikan kesehatan dengan yang tidakdiberikan pendidikan kesehatan, dengan p value sebesar 0.000.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP BIDAN DENGAN TINDAKAN INDUKSI DAN AKSELERASI DALAM PERSALINAN DI KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR TAHUN 2013
Authors: Simanjuntak Tumiar , Simbolon Tiamin , Sianipar Kandace
Published: April 2021

Hasil survei demografi kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2007 menunjukkan terdapat 258 kasus dari 1046 ibu bersalin yang dilakukan induksi pada saat persalinan yang dilakukan di sejumlah rumah sakit umum di Indonesia. Hasil survey yang dilakukan oleh Depkes Sumatera Utara ditemukan sebanyak 250 ibu hamil perbulan dilakukan induksi saat persalinan. Tindakan induksi persalinan berhubungan dengan kenaikan angka kejadian tindakan Sectio Caesar. Pada beberapa induksi persalinan ditemukan adanya tanda-tanda fetal distress, anoksia dan cedera pada bayi, sedangkan pada ibu dapat terjadi ruptur uteri, atonia uteri, laserasi serviks. Sesuai dengan Kepmenkes RI No. 369/Menkes/SK/III/2007 tentang standar profesi bidan Akselerasi dan induksi persalinan merupakan bagian dari pengetahuan dan keterampilan tambahan yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang bidan. Hasil survey di RSUD Dr. Djasamen Saragih Pematangsiantar  diketahui pada tahun 2011 terdapat 63 (20,13%) ibu bersalin yang diinduksi dan akselerasi  dari 313 persalinan dan pada tahun 2012 terdapat 49 (13,4%) dari 366 persalinan. Sekitar 30–45 % pasien yang diinduksi dan akselerasi di RSUD Dr.Djasamen Saragih rumah sakit tersebut merupakan rujukan dari bidan dan berakhir dengan Secsio Sesarea terutama disebabkan karena kegagalan dari induksi dan akselerasi tersebut. Tujuan penelitian  ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap bidan tentang induksi/akselerasi  persalinan dengan tindakan induksi dan akselerasi dalam persalinan di Kota Pematangsiantar  tahun 2013. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan jenis Explanatory Research (penelitian penjelasan) yaitu penelitian yang menjelaskan hubungan antara variabel bebas dan variabel terikat melalui pengujian hypothesis yang dirumuskan dan pendekatan yang digunakan adalah cross sectional, yaitu subyek hanya diobservasi sekali saja dan pengukuran dilakukan terhadap karakter atau variabel subyek pada saat pemeriksaan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh bidan yang memiliki praktek mandiri dan berdomisili di Kota Pematangsiantar dan pada 6 bulan terakhir ada melakukan induksi dan akselerasi persalinan sebanyak 45 orang dan 31  menjadi subjek penelitian. Pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dan lembar kuesioner. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Chi Square dan regresi logistik.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL TENTANG ANEMIA DENGAN KEPATUHAN MEMINUM TABLET ZAT BESI DI RUMAH BERSALIN SAM KAMPUNG BARU MEDAN TAHUN 2014
Authors: Dan Wil
Published: April 2021

Menurut WHO kejadian anemia kehamilan berkisar 20% sampai 89% dengan menetapkan hemoglobin 11gram/% sebagai dasarnya. Hemoglobin kurang dari 11 gram/% pada wanita hamil dapat menimbulkandampak mulai saat dalam kandungan, setelah lahir menimbulkan masalah bagi bayi, seperti berat badan lahirrendah, penurunan status imun, kemungkinan gangguan fisiologis, dan tumbuh kembang bayi. Jenispenelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Populasi dan sampel dari penelitianini adalah ibu hamil sebanyak 58 orang dengan teknik accidental sampling,dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Ibu berpengetahuan kurang sebanyak 22 orang (37,93%). Responden tidak patuh mayoritas padaumur 20-35 tahun sebanyak 22 orang (56,5%), ibu yang berpendidikan SMP sebanyak 12 orang (66,67%),kehamilan secundipara sebanyak 12 orang (63,15%). Hasil uji Chi-Square menyatakan ada hubunganpengetahuan dengan kepatuhan meminum tablet zat besi (x2 = 15,07), ada hubungan umur dengan kepatuhanmeminum tablet zat besi (x2 = 11,46), ada hubungan pendidikan dengan kepatuhan meminum tablet zat besi(x2 = 9,5), ada hubungan paritas dengan kepatuhan meminum tablet zat besi (x2 = 18,24). Ada hubnganpengetahuan ibu hamil tentang anemia kurang dan tidak patuh dalam meminum tablet zat besi.saran:kepadaibu hamil untuk lebih banyak mendapatkan informasi tentang anemia, dan patuh untuk meminum tablet zatbesi
FASTING THERAPY AS SELF-CONTROL
Authors: Jamil Sholehati Rofi'ah
Published: April 2021

Fasting is familiar for Muslims around the world. One of the compulsory worship for Muslims is fasting during  Ramadhan. Fasting is refraining from something that breaks fasting with a specific intention—fasting from dawn to sunset. Fasting not only suppresses appetite for food and drink but also restrains desire during the day. Fasting can also be said to be self-controlling from things that are detrimental or negative. We know that the current era of globalization has dramatically changed the pattern of people's lives. Good in terms of dress, talk, and food. Therefore this paper discusses fasting therapy as self-control. Various studies explained that fasting and getting the reward of fasting could also control emotions, avoid various diseases, and elevate human beings for the better. A person who does fasting will sincerely get a reward, the remission of sins, both sins in the past and sins that will come.
ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ОСВІТИ ДІТЕЙ РАННЬОГО ТА ДОШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ У ПРИВАТНОМУ СЕКТОРІ: НАУКА І ПРАКТИКА
Authors: Канішевська Любов Вікторівна
Published: April 2021

6 квітня 2021 р. Відділенням загальної педагогіки та філософії освіти Національної академії педагогічних наук України, Інститутом проблем виховання НАПН України разом із підкомітетом з питань раннього розвитку та дошкільної освіти Комітету Верховної Ради України проведено вебінар на тему: «Забезпечення якості освіти дітей раннього та дошкільного віку у приватному секторі: наука і практика». У роботі вебінару взяли участь учені Інституту проблем виховання й інших установ НАПН України, працівники Міністерства освіти і науки України, Державної служби якості освіти України, науковці, представники закладів вищої освіти, директори, засновники, педагоги приватних закладів дошкільної освіти та інші. Вебінар присвячено актуальним проблемам сучасної дошкільної освіти у приватному секторі: забезпеченню якості освіти дітей раннього та дошкільного віку; упровадженню сучасних освітніх методик і технологій в освітній процес; налагодженню співпраці всіх зацікавлених суб’єктів із закладами освіти дітей раннього та дошкільного віку приватної форми власності; реалізації стандарту дошкільної освіти в таких закладах.
Perceived, Experienced, and Internalized Cancer Stigma: Perspectives of Cancer Patients and Caregivers in India
Authors: Squiers Linda , Siddiqui Mariam , Kataria Ishu , Dhillon Preet K. , Aggarwal Aastha , Bann Carla , Lynch Molly , Nyblade Laura
Published: April 2021

Cancer stigma may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This exploratory, pilot study was conducted in India to explore the degree to which cancer stigma is perceived, experienced, and internalized among adults living with cancer and their primary caregivers. We conducted a survey of cancer patients and their caregivers in two Indian cities. The survey assessed perceived, experienced, and internalized stigma; demographic characteristics; patient cancer history; mental health; and social support. A purposive sample of 20 cancer survivor and caregiver dyads was drawn from an ongoing population-based cohort study. Overall, 85 percent of patients and 75 percent of caregivers reported experiencing some level (i.e., yes response to at least one of the items) of perceived, experienced, or internalized stigma. Both patients (85 percent) and caregivers (65 percent) perceived that community members hold at least one stigmatizing belief or attitude toward people with cancer. About 60 percent of patients reported experiencing stigma, and over one-third of patients and caregivers had internalized stigma. The findings indicate that fatalistic beliefs about cancer are prevalent, and basic education about cancer for the general public, patients, and caregivers is required. Cancer-related stigma in India should continue to be studied to determine and address its prevalence, root causes, and influence on achieving physical and mental health-related outcomes.