bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Acenes via Coupling of 1,4‐Dilithiobutadienes with Diiodoarenes in the Presence of CuCl.
Authors: Zhou Lishan , Nakajima Kiyohiko , Kanno Ken‐ichiro , Takahashi Tamotsu
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 9‐Bromo‐2‐fluoro‐6,7‐dihydro‐5H‐benzocycloheptene‐8‐carboxaldehyde.
Authors: Silveira Michael H. , Templet Erin E. , Fronczek Frank R.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Triflic Imide Catalyzed Cascade Cycloaddition and Friedel—Crafts Reaction of Diarylvinylidenecyclopropanes with Ethyl 5,5‐Diarylpenta‐2,3,4‐trienoate.
Authors: Li Wei , Shi Min
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vanadium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation of Allylic Alcohols in Water.
Authors: Malkov Andrei V. , Czemerys Louise , Malyshev Denis A.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereoselective One‐Pot Synthetic Approach to Functionalized Thietanes.
Authors: Yadav Lal Dhar S. , Kapoor Ritu , Garima Garima
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Methanes Having Four Different Carbon Substituents Utilizing Indium‐Catalyzed Cleavage of Carbon—Pyrrolyl Bonds.
Authors: Tsuchimoto Teruhisa , Ainoya Taku , Aoki Kazuki , Wagatsuma Tatsuya , Shirakawa Eiji
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Catalyzed Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Arylbis(3‐indolyl)methanes.
Authors: He Qing‐Li , Sun Feng‐Lai , Zheng Xiao‐Jian , You Shu‐Li
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (3RS)‐ and (3SR)‐Acetoxy‐ (3aRS,8bSR)‐N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxy‐1,2,3,3a,4,8b‐hexahydrocyclopenta [b]indoles.
Authors: Likhacheva N. A. , Korlyukov A. A. , Gataullin R. R.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted, Solvent‐Free, Parallel Syntheses and Elucidation of Reaction Mechanism for the Formation of Some Novel Tetraaryl Imidazoles of Biological Interest.
Authors: Kumar B. R. Prashantha , Sharma Gyanendra Kumar , Srinath S. , Noor Mohamed , Suresh B. , Srinivasa B. R.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Azide‐Alkyne [3 + 2] Cycloaddition: Versatile Route to New Heterocyclic Structural Scaffolds.
Authors: Li Rongti , Jansen Daniel J. , Datta Apurba
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cu(I)‐Promoted One‐Pot “SNAr—Click Reaction” of Fluoronitrobenzenes.
Authors: Dururgkar Kulbhushan A. , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Ramana C. V.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chromones and 4‐Hydroxyquinolines Based on Uncatalyzed Condensations of 1‐Methoxy‐1,3‐bis(trimethylsilyloxy)‐1,3‐butadiene with 2‐Alkoxy‐ and 2‐Nitrobenzyl Chlorides and Related Reactions.
Authors: Rahn Thomas , Appel Bettina , Baumann Wolfgang , Jiao Haijun , Boerner Armin , Fischer Christine , Langer Peter
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridines Using Supported Nitric Acid on Silica Gel and Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) under Mild and Heterogeneous Conditions.
Authors: Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Nikoorazm Mohsen , Goudarziafshar Hamid , Shiri Lotfi , Chenani Zahra
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Laser Activity of Halo‐Acridinedione Derivatives.
Authors: Kaya Muharrem , Yildirir Yilmaz , Tuerker Lemi
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Monobromination in the Series of Quinoid Pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole Derivatives.
Authors: Slabko O. Yu. , Tyshchenko I. N. , Kaminskii V. A.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituted Quinazolines. Part 3. Synthesis, in vitro Antitumor Activity and Molecular Modeling Study of Certain 2‐Thieno‐4(3H)‐quinazolinone Analogues.
Authors: Al‐Obaid Abdulrahman M. , Abdel‐Hamide Sami G. , El‐Kashef Hassan A. , Abdel‐Aziz Alaa A.‐M. , El‐Azab Adel S. , Al‐Khamees Hamad A. , El‐Subbagh Hussein I.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vilsmeier—Haack Formylation of Acetonitrile Revisited: Synthesis of Novel Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines and Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine.
Authors: Ghagare Maruti G. , Birari Dilip R. , Shelar Deepak P. , Toche Raghunath B. , Jachak Madhukar N.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Ring Opening and Goldberg Coupling Cyclization for the Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazines.
Authors: Rao R. Koteshwar , Naidu Ajay B. , Sekar Govindasamy
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient and Rapid Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazolo[5,1‐c]morpholines Through Palladium—Copper Catalysis.
Authors: Chowdhury Chinmay , Mukherjee Sanjukta , Das Bimolendu , Achari Basudeb
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component “Domino” Synthesis of 1,8‐Dialkyl‐3‐halo‐8‐methyl‐6‐oxo‐2,7‐diazabicyclo [3.2.1]oct‐3‐ene‐4,5‐dicarbonitriles.
Authors: Ershov O. V. , Lipin K. V. , Eremkin A. V. , Kayukov Ya. S. , Nasakin O. E.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐ and Rhodium‐Catalyzed Addition of Terminal Silylacetylenes to Propargyl Amines: Catalyst‐Dependent Complementary Regioselectivity.
Authors: Matsuyama Naoto , Hirano Koji , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Efficient Synthesis of New O,O‐Diethyl Phosphorothioates.
Authors: Pokalwar R. U. , Hangarge R. V. , Kategaonkar A. H. , Shingare M. S.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dihydropyridine C‐Glycoconjugates by Organocatalytic Hantzsch Cyclocondensation. Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐Threofuranose C‐Nucleoside Enantiomers.
Authors: Ducatti Diogo R. B. , Massi Alessandro , Noseda Miguel D. , Duarte Maria Eugenia R. , Dondoni Alessandro
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Albucidin: A Novel Bleaching Herbicide from Streptomyces albus subsp. chlorinus NRRL B‐24108.
Authors: Hahn Donald R. , Graupner Paul R. , Chapin Eleanor , Gray John , Heim D. , Gilbert Jeffrey R. , Gerwick B. Clifford
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pennicitrinone D, a New Citrinin Dimer from the Halotolerant Fungus Penicillium notatum B‐52
Authors: Xin Zhi‐Hong , Wang Wen‐Liang , Zhang Ya‐Peng , Xie Hua , Gu Qian‐Qun , Zhu Wei‐Ming
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Caprolactam, an Inhibitory Allelochemical Exuded from Germinating Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) Seeds.
Authors: Tin Wai Wai Thet , Hayashi Hisayoshi , Otomatsu Toshihiko , Hirose Katsutoshi , Hasegawa Koji , Shigemori Hideyuki
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Chiral Chromonic Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Based on Perylenebis(dicarboximide).
Authors: Naidu Jaishri J. , Bae Yun‐Ju , Jeong Kwang‐Un , Lee Seung Hee , Kang Shinwoong , Lee Myong‐Hoon
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in the Practical Applications of Heteropolyacid and Perovskite Catalysts: Catalytic Technology for the Sustainable Society
Authors: Misono Makoto
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Zhdankin Viktor V.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of 2,3‐Indolinedione
Authors: Bouhfid Rachid , Moussaif Ahmed , Joly Nicolas , Massoui Mohamed , Martin Patrick , Essassi El Mokhtar
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution as an Emerging Tool in the Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Gupta Priti
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Deprotonated α‐Aminonitriles
Authors: Opatz Till
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Ozone Paradox: Ozone Is a Strong Oxidant as Well as a Medical Drug
Authors: Bocci Velio , Borrelli Emma , Travagli Valter , Zanardi Iacopo
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Polarised Life of the Endocannabinoid System in CNS Development
Authors: Anavi‐Goffer Sharon , Mulder Jan
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catenanes and Threaded Systems: From Solution to Surfaces
Authors: Coronado Eugenio , Gavina Pablo , Tatay Sergio
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Study on Binding of Drug to Serum Protein
Authors: Otagiri Masaki
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design and Synthesis of a Series of Piperazine‐1‐carboxamidine Derivatives with Antifungal Activity Resulting from Accumulation of Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: François Isabelle E. , Thevissen Karin , Pellens Klaartje , Meert Els M. , Heeres Jan , Freyne Eddy , Coesemans Erwin , Viellevoye Marcel , Deroose Frederik , Martinez Gonzalez Sonia , Pastor Joaquin , Corens David , Meerpoel Lieven , Borgers Marcel , Ausma Jannie , Dispersyn Gerrit D. , Cammue Bruno P.
Published: August 2009

In this study, we screened a library of 500 compounds for fungicidal activity via induction of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Structure–activity relationship studies showed that piperazine‐1‐carboxamidine analogues with large atoms or large side chains substituted on the phenyl group at the R3 and R5 positions are characterized by a high ROS accumulation capacity in Candida albicans and a high fungicidal activity. Moreover, we could link the fungicidal mode of action of the piperazine‐1‐carboxamidine derivatives to the accumulation of endogenous ROS.
Deposition of BaHfO3 Dielectric Layers for Microelectronic Applications by Pulsed Liquid Injection MOCVD
Authors: Lupina Grzegorz , Lukosius Mindaugas , Wenger Christian , Dudek Piotr , Kozlowski Grzegorz , Müssig Hans‐Joachim , Abrutis Adulfas , Galvelis Raimondas , Katkus Tomas , Saltyte Zita , Kubilius Virgaudas
Published: August 2009

This paper is concerned with the deposition and characterization of thin layers of BaHfO3 in the view of storage capacitor applications in random access memories. Growth of pure BaHfO3 was obtained at deposition temperatures of 600–700 °C using a combination of Ba(thd)2 and Hf(thd)4 precursors. The resulting layers crystallize in the cubic perovskite structure and exhibit a dielectric constant of ∼35.
Effects of Deposition Conditions on the Structure and Chemical Properties of Carbon Nanopipettes
Authors: Vitol Elina A. , Schrlau Michael G. , Bhattacharyya Sanjib , Ducheyne Paul , Bau Haim H. , Friedman Gary , Gogotsi Yury
Published: August 2009

Carbon nanopipettes (CNPs) are integrated devices combining a nanometer‐size carbon tip with a glass pipette. The carbon tip is produced by catalytic CVD. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the structure of the CNPs can be controlled by varying the synthesis parameters. Increased carbon graphitization is observed as the synthesis temperature increases from 890 °C to 950 °C. A similar effect is achieved by lowering the carbon precursor (methane) concentration from 60% to 20%. Changes in the amount of catalyst do not have a significant effect on the carbon graphitization. At the same time, CNPs with relatively large amounts of hydrogen bonds on the surface are obtained by using a high methane concentration. This finding is used to facilitate the functionalization of the CNPs with gold nanoparticles.
A study on the interactions between heparan sulfate proteoglycans and Wnt proteins
Authors: Fuerer Christophe , Habib Shukry J. , Nusse Roel
Published: August 2009

The Wnt signaling pathway plays key roles in development and adult homeostasis. Wnt proteins are secreted, lipid‐modified glycoproteins. They can form morphogen gradients that are regulated at the level of protein secretion, diffusion, and internalization. These gradients can only exist if the hydrophobic Wnt proteins are prevented from aggregating in the extracellular environment. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are necessary for proper activity of Wnt proteins and influence their distribution along the morphogenetic gradient. In this study, we show that HSPGs are able to maintain the solubility of Wnt proteins, thus stabilizing their signaling activity. Our results suggest that the role of HSPGs is not only to concentrate Wnt molecules at the cell surface but also to prevent them from aggregating in the extracellular environment. Developmental Dynamics 239:184–190, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactivity of {Ru(C5Me5)[η2‐P,O‐Ph2PCH2C(tBu)=O](CO)}[PF6] towards Terminal Alkynes and Unexpected Rearrangement of a Fischer‐Type Carbene Ligand
Authors: Demerseman Bernard , Toupet Loïc
Published: August 2009

The ruthenium complex {Ru(C5Me5)[η2‐P,O‐Ph2PCH2C(tBu)=O](CO)}[PF6] reacts with terminal alkynes HC≡CR (R = H, tBu, Ph) in methanol to afford {Ru[:C(OMe)CH2R](C5Me5)[η1‐P‐Ph2PCH2C(=O)tBu](CO)}[PF6] derivatives. The similar reaction conducted in dichloromethane as solvent led to six‐membered metallacyclic complexes{Ru(C5Me5)[η2‐C,P‐:C(CH2R)OC(tBu)=CH–PPh2](CO)}[PF6], which, when R is an aromatic group (R = Ph, p‐tolyl), rearrange under moderate thermal activation into {Ru(C5Me5)[η3‐C,C,P‐RCH=CH‐OC(tBu)=CHPPh2](CO)}[PF6] derivatives, according to an isomerization of a Fischer‐type carbene ligand into an η2‐coordinated vinylic ether, as shown by X‐ray single crystal analysis (R = p‐tolyl).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Selenocystine and Selenomethionine Using SAM nanoSe0/Vc/SeCys‐Film Modified Au Electrode
Authors: Wang Yudong , Bai Yan , Liang Minsi , Zheng Wenjie
Published: August 2009

The SAM nanoSe0/Vc/SeCys‐film modified Au electrode has been prepared to determine selenocystine and selenomethionine. The AFM and SEM showed the special three‐dimensional (3D) network structure of the sol‐gel films. The affinity between nanoparticles and biomolecules created special chemical characters analyzed by the XRD and fluorescence. The modified electrode was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The modified films partly had resistance in the charge transduction of Fe(CN)$\rm{ {_{6}^{4-/3-}}}$, but the less electron‐transfer resistance. Differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) determination of selenoamino acids using SAM nanoSe0/Vc/SeCys‐film modified Au electrode was presented. In PBS (pH 7.0)+0.1 mol L−1 NaClO4 solution, selenoamino acids yielded a sensitive reduction peak at about +400±50 mV. The peak current had a linear relationship with the concentration of selenoamino acids in the range of 5.0×10−8–1.0×10−5 mol L−1, and a 3σ detection limit of selenoamino acids was 1.2×10−8 mol L−1. The relative standard deviation of DPV signals of 0.50×10−6 mol L−1 selenoamino acids was 3.8% (n=8) using the same electrode and was 4.4% (n=5) when using three modified electrodes prepared at different times. The content of selenoamino acids in the organo‐selenium powder were determined by DPV. The results showed 71.5 μg g−1 of SeCys and 65.1 μg g−1 of SeMet in the organo‐selenium powder.
Detection of Uric Acid in the Presence of Dopamine and High Concentration of Ascorbic Acid Using PDDA Modified Graphite Electrode
Authors: Manjunatha Hanumanthrayappa , Nagaraju Doddahalli Hanumantharayudu , Suresh Gurukar Shivappa , Venkatesha Thimmappa Venkatarangaiah
Published: August 2009

The properties of graphite electrode (Gr) modified with poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) for the detection of uric acid (UA) in the presence of dopamine (DA) and high concentration of ascorbic acid (AA) have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The polymer modified graphite electrode was prepared by a very simple method just by immersing the graphite electrode in PDDA solution for 20 minutes. The PDDA/Gr modified electrode displayed excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of UA, DA and AA compared to that at the bare graphite electrode. The electrochemical oxidation signals of UA, DA and AA are well resolved into three distinct peaks with peak potential separations of 220 mV, 168 mV and 387 mV between AA‐DA, DA‐UA and AA‐UA respectively in cyclic voltammetry studies and the corresponding peak potential separations are 230 mV, 130 mV and 354 mV respectively in differential pulse voltammetry. The lowest detection limits obtained for UA, DA and AA were 1×10−7 M, 2×10−7 M and 800×10−9 M respectively. The PDDA/Gr electrode efficiently eliminated the interference of DA and a high concentration of AA in the determination of UA with good selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility. The modified electrode was also successfully applied for simultaneous determination of UA, DA and AA in their ternary mixture.
Integration of electrodes in a suction cup‐driven microchip for alternating current‐accelerated proteolysis
Authors: Liu Ting , Bao Huimin , Zhang Luyan , Chen Gang
Published: August 2009

In this report, a pair of platinum wire electrodes was inserted in the main channel of a simple‐cross PMMA microchip to perform on‐chip alternating current‐assisted proteolysis. Both terminals of the injection channel in the microchip were sharpened with a file to form sharp inlet tips to suck protein and trypsin solutions into the electrode‐containing channel with the aid of a suction cup via the detection reservoir at the end of the chip. A solution containing BSA, cytochrome c, myoglobin, or hemoglobin was digested in the presence of alternating electric field after it was mixed with trypsin solution in the channel. The obtained digests were identified by MS with sequences that were comparable to those obtained by using conventional in‐solution tryptic digestion while the digestion time was significantly reduced from 12 h to 4 min. The present proteolysis setup is simple and efficient and will find wide applications in high‐throughput protein digestion.
Micronucleus assay for mouse alveolar Type II and Clara cells
Authors: Lindberg Hanna K. , Falck Ghita C.‐M. , Catalán Julia , Santonen Tiina , Norppa Hannu
Published: August 2009

The objective of our study was to develop a micronucleus (MN) assay for detecting genotoxic damage after inhalation exposure in mouse alveolar Type II and Clara cells, potential target cells for lung carcinogens. Ten male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to ethylene oxide (630 mg/m3) for 4 hr via inhalation; 10 unexposed mice serving as controls. 72 hr after the exposure, Clara cells and alveolar Type II cells were isolated using two different methods. Method 1 included a 15‐min trypsin lavage and a 2‐hr incubation of cell suspension. Method 2 involved a 30‐min trypsin lavage, Percoll gradient centrifugation, and a 48‐hr incubation for cell attachment. Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) ‐staining was applied to distinguish Clara cells. The frequency of micronuclei (MNi) was scored in NBT‐negative cells (defined as Type II cells in Method 2) and NBT‐positive cells (Clara cells). To detect possible differences between the techniques, MNi in Clara cells were analyzed from samples prepared by both methods. With Method 2, a clear increase in the mean frequency of micronucleated cells was seen in the exposed mice as compared with the controls, for both alveolar Type II and Clara cells. However, no significant increase in MN frequency was seen in Clara cells analyzed from samples prepared by Method 1. Based on our findings, mouse alveolar Type II and Clara cells seem to be suitable for MN analysis in studies aimed at identifying genotoxic lung carcinogens. Both alveolar Type II and Clara cells can be isolated using Method 2. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Innate immunity and neuroinflammation in the CNS: The role of microglia in Toll‐like receptor‐mediated neuronal injury
Authors: Lehnardt Seija
Published: August 2009

Microglia are key players of the immune response in the central nervous system (CNS) and, being the resident innate immune cells, they are responsible for the early control of infections and for the recruitment of cells of the adaptive immune system required for pathogen clearance. The innate and adaptive immune responses triggered by microglia include the release of proinflammatory mediators. Although an efficient immune response is required for the defense against invading pathogens, an inflammatory response in the CNS may also lead to tissue injury and neurodegeneration. Engagement of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), a major family of pattern recognition receptors that mediate innate immunity but also link with the adaptive immune response, provides an important mechanism by which microglia are able to sense both pathogen‐ and host‐derived ligands within the CNS. Although there is an increasing body of evidence that TLR signaling mediates beneficial effects in the CNS, it has become clear that TLR‐induced activation of microglia and the release of proinflammatory molecules are responsible for neurotoxic processes in the course of various CNS diseases. Thus, the functional outcome of TLR‐induced activation of microglia in the CNS depends on a subtle balance between protective and harmful effects. This review focuses on the neurodegenerative effects of TLR signaling in the CNS. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absence of oligodendroglial glucosylceramide synthesis does not result in CNS myelin abnormalities or alter the dysmyelinating phenotype of CGT‐deficient mice
Authors: Saadat Laleh , Dupree Jeffrey L. , Kilkus John , Han Xianlin , Traka Maria , Proia Richard L. , Dawson Glyn , Popko Brian
Published: August 2009

To examine the function of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), mice were generated that lack oligodendroglial expression of UDP‐glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (encoded by Ugcg). These mice (Ugcgflox/flox;Cnp/Cre) did not show any apparent clinical phenotype, their total brain and myelin extracts had normal GSL content, including ganglioside composition, and myelin abnormalities were not detected in their CNS. These data indicate that the elimination of gangliosides from oligodendrocytes is not detrimental to myelination. These mice were also used to asses the potential compensatory effect of hydroxyl fatty acid glucosylceramide (HFA‐GlcCer) accumulation in UDP‐galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase (encoded by Cgt, also known as Ugt8a) deficient mice. At postnatal day 18, the phenotypic characteristics of the Ugcgflox/flox;Cnp/Cre;Cgt−/− mutants, including the degree of hypomyelination, were surprisingly similar to that of Cgt−/− mice, suggesting that the accumulation of HFA‐GlcCer in Cgt−/− mice does not modify their phenotype. These studies demonstrate that abundant, structurally intact myelin can form in the absence of glycolipids, which normally represent over 20% of the dry weight of myelin. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydro‐spinning: A novel technology for making alginate/chitosan fibrous scaffold
Authors: Wang Jian‐Zheng , Huang Xiao‐Bo , Xiao Jing , Yu Wei‐Ting , Wang Wei , Xie Wei‐Yang , Zhang Ying , Ma Xiao‐Jun
Published: August 2009

Alginate/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) hybrid fibers are promising materials for scaffold‐making in tissue engineering. In this study, a new method termed “hydro‐spinning” was developed to make alginate/chitosan hybrid fibers. In hydro‐spinning, a chitosan solution was pumped into a flowing sodium alginate solution and sheared into streamlines. These elongated streamlines subsequently transformed into alginate/chitosan PEC ribbon‐like fibers before breaking up into pieces. Average diameter and chitosan content of the fibers correlated positively with the chitosan concentration used in spinning. These hybrid fibers showed a high water‐absorbability of around 50‐fold to 60‐fold of water to their dry weight and could retain their integrity after saturation in minimum essential medium (MEM) medium for 30 days. In vitro culture experiments demonstrated that these fibers were able to support the three‐dimensional growth of MCF‐7, suggesting the potential applications of these fibers in biomedical and bioengineering fields such as tissue engineering. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Collagen/silk fibroin bi‐template induced biomimetic bone‐like substitutes
Authors: Wang Jianglin , Zhou Wei , Hu Wei , Zhou Lei , Wang Shenqi , Zhang Shengmin
Published: August 2009

A novel bi‐template induced co‐assembly method was employed to fabricate biomimetic bone substitute materials, collagen (COL)–fibroin/hydroxyapatite (COL‐SF/HA) composite by using a combination of Type I COL and silk fibroin (SF) molecular templates. As a control, COL/HA and SF/HA composites were also synthesized via single‐template assembly technology. The structure and morphology of the resulting assembly composites were investigated by X‐ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectra, transmission electron microscope, and thermogravimetric analysis. Their sizes and size distributions were measured by DLS. The results indicated that the mineral phases in COL‐SF/HA, COL‐HA, and SF‐HA composites were needle‐like nano‐HA crystals. In comparison to those in COL‐HA and SF‐HA, the mineral phase in COL‐SF/HA displayed smaller size and more narrow distribution. Of all above biomimetic composites, the HA was well assembled with molecular template(s), and the organic content of the composite was about 12%–20%, which was quite similar to the natural bone in composition. CD and SDS‐PAGE were used to examine the secondary structure and subunit composition of template proteins. The results revealed that the spatial structure of co‐assembly template proteins played a pivotal role in controlling and regulating HA crystal nucleation and growth. Based on the experimental results above, a possible co‐assembly mechanism for the HA growing on fibrous bi‐template proteins was suggested. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Simultaneous real‐time assay of copper and cadmium ions by infrared photo diode electrode implanted in the muscle of live fish
Authors: Young Ly Suw , Keun Kim Jong
Published: August 2009

The electrical circuit of an infrared photodiode electrode (IPE) was used in the simultaneous assay of copper and cadmium ions. The electrode's cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry and square‐wave (SW) stripping voltammetric optimum conditions were examined. Results for 0–160 mg L−1 and 50–400 μg L−1 SW Cu(II) Cd(II), the relative standard deviation of 0.158 Cu(II), 0.077 Cd(II) (n = 15) using 20.0 mg L−1 have been obtained at optimum conditions. The low detection limit (S/N) was attained to be at 14.71 μg L−1(2.31 × 10−7 mol L−1) Cu(II) and 18.42 μg L−1(1.63 × 10−7 mol L−1) Cd(II). The handmade electrode was implanted deep in the muscle of live fish and interfaced with an electrochemical workstation. Real‐time analytical application was performed on the online assay of living tissue as the specimen was moving. The methods are deemed useful in interfaced assay for physiological control, nanodiode fabrication, and in the production of laboratory on a biochip. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:256–262, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20287
Separation by pervaporation of ethanol from aqueous solutions and effect of other components present in fermentation broths
Authors: García Marina , Sanz María Teresa , Beltrán Sagrario
Published: August 2009

BACKGROUND: In this work, the selective extraction of ethanol by pervaporation through a POMS (polyoctylmethyl siloxane) hydrophobic membrane supplied by GKKS (Germany) was investigated. First, binary ethanol aqueous solutions were studied considering the effect of ethanol feed concentration (0–11 wt%) and operating temperature (307.55–326.35 K). The effect of some by‐products of the ethanol fermentation, such as glycerol, succinic acid, butanol and acetone, on the pervaporation performance has been analyzed.

RESULTS: For binary ethanol aqueous solutions, it was found that water permeation flux remained more or less constant while ethanol permeation flux increased continuously when increasing ethanol feed concentration. However, water and ethanol permeances did not change much in the concentration and temperature range studied. It was observed that the addition of glycerol and succinic acid sharply decreased the total permeation flux while ethanol concentration in the permeate was hardly affected. The addition of butanol and acetone resulted in a lower separation factor for ethanol through the POMS membrane.

CONCLUSIONS: For ethanol aqueous solutions the POMS membrane was found to be selective towards ethanol, although it does not present higher separation factors than distillation in the concentration range covered in this work. The presence of other components of the fermentation broth has a great influence in the pervaporation behavior. Further work must be done on the study of multicomponent and real mixtures. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Working together, staying focused on our goals
Authors: Saliba Georgene
Published: August 2009

When I was elected president of ASHRM for 2009, I accepted the honor as an opportunity to help ASHRM reach new heights. My goal is to support the objectives and goals consistent with the mission, values, and strategic direction of this organization and to do that with integrity through service, teamwork, and innovation. This is a challenging year for all of us individually, which by extension makes it a challenge for ASHRM. Staying focused on my goal will be difficult, but my intention is to do just that.
“Ticket to ride”: How useful is this new handoff tool?
Authors: West John C.
Published: August 2009

Patient handoffs come in many forms, some of which are permanent (the provider will not get the patient back) and some of which are temporary (the provider will get the patient back). The danger inherent in temporary handoffs is that the temporary provider will not have sufficient information, or will not have time to gather the necessary information, to provide care for the patient safely. The “ticket‐to‐ride” tool, in addition to the verbal handoff communication, can be used to provide temporary providers of care with a salient synopsis of the patient's condition to protect the patient during an absence from the floor or unit. This article gives guidance on the development of a ticket‐to‐ride form.
The risk management professional and medication safety
Authors: Cohen Hedy , Tuohy Nancy , Carroll (ed.) Roberta
Published: August 2009

ASHRM is committed to the future development of the healthcare risk management profession. A key contribution to this commitment is the creation of a student version of ASHRM's best‐selling Risk Management Handbook for Healthcare Organizations. The Student Edition was released this spring. It is now being made available to universities and colleges to incorporate into their degree programs.
Vascular endothelial growth factor enhances migration of astroglial cells in subventricular zone neurosphere cultures
Authors: Mani Nina , Khaibullina Alfia , Krum Janette M. , Rosenstein Jeffrey M.
Published: August 2009

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial and neuronal survival factor and a mitogen for endothelial cells and astrocytes in both explant and in vivo injury models. In the CNS, interplay between the vasculature and neural stem progenitor (NSP) cells is required for the maintenance of angiogenic/neurogenic coordination in the germinal niche in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle. Using an in vitro SVZ neurosphere (NS) model, this study aimed to understand the direct effects of VEGF and its receptor signaling on neonatal NSP cell growth and migration. Our data indicate that VEGF administration, compared with untreated or brain‐derived neurotrophic factor‐treated NS, significantly increased growth and migratory capacity of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+ and nestin+ NSP cells and in secondary cultures induced a stellate astrocyte morphology. Blockade of both VEGF, which is normally expressed in some NS cells, and its flt‐1 receptor signaling by neutralizing antibodies caused morphological changes specifically in GFAP+ cells and disrupted sphere formation and outward migration. These cells did not appear as conventional polygonal astrocytes; their process growth was severely restricted, and overall migration was reduced by up to 76% of control cultures. Blockade of VEGF's flk‐1 receptor reduced VEGF expression and caused a lesser, though significant, decrease (29%) in NSP (GFAP+) cell migration. The results show that both VEGF and, in particular, flt‐1 receptor signaling are critical to the proper configuration of the NS and its subsequent development. VEGF is also an important growth and migratory factor particularly for GFAP+ cells developing in SVZ‐derived NS in culture. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL)‐induced cell death in dorsal root gangion cell cultures depends not on the lectin‐like oxLDL receptor‐1 but on the toll‐like receptor‐4
Authors: Nowicki Marcin , Müller Kerstin , Serke Heike , Kosacka Joanna , Vilser Constanze , Ricken Albert , Spanel‐Borowski Katharina
Published: August 2009

DRG cells have been found to undergo apoptosis and necrosis after oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL) stimulation in vitro. However, the mechanism of oxLDL‐induced DRG cell death is unclear. For this reason, we studied the expression of two potential oxLDL receptors: lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 (LOX‐1) and toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR4) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cell cultures from postnatal rats. Cells were cultivated with and without oxLDL. In oxLDL‐treated DRG cell cultures, the increase of cleaved caspase‐3 protein was observed as a sign of enhanced apoptosis. Untreated and oxLDL‐treated DRG cell cultures expressed LOX‐1 and TLR4 at similar levels. The LOX‐1 expression remained unchanged after receptor blockade. However, the inhibition of LOX‐1 caused a significant increase of cleaved caspase‐3 and a decrease of TLR4 levels. The TLR4‐inhibited DRG cell cultures lacked changes in LOX‐1 expression for all experimental groups. The inhibition of TLR4 caused activation of jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and a significant decrease of cleaved caspase‐3 but did not change the TLR4 level. We conclude that LOX‐1 and TLR4 are expressed in cultivated rat DRG cells and that the oxLDL‐induced cell death in DRG cell cultures does not depend on the LOX‐1 but on the TLR4. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A stable G‐quartet binds to a huntingtin protein fragment containing expanded polyglutamine tracks
Authors: Yerkes Sarah , Vesenka James , Kmiec Eric B.
Published: August 2009

Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. The disease is the result of an expanded CAG repeat in exon 1 of the HD gene, which encodes an elongated polyglutamine tract in the mutant form of the protein, huntingtin. Disease pathogenesis is linked to intracellular aggregates that form because of the tendency of the mutant protein to misfold. The role of huntingtin aggregates in disease pathology is unclear; it has been proposed that the aggregates themselves are toxic because of their ability to sequester intracellular proteins and disrupt normal cellular function. In addition, the mechanistic steps that lead to aggregate formation appear to be central to HD pathology. We have previously reported that guanosine‐rich oligonucleotides with the ability to fold into a G‐quartet are effective inhibitors of the aggregation process of a huntingtin protein fragment with an elongated polyglutamine tract, Htn 1‐171(Q58). The most active molecule is composed of 20 guanosine residues, which adopt a G‐wire conformation. Here we establish that G20 inhibits protein aggregation as judged by native gel electrophoresis, an agarose gel electrophoresis for resolving aggregates (AGERA) assay, and an immunoblotting assay. We also visualize the G20‐Htn1‐171(Q58) protein complex by using a streptavidin‐biotin pull‐down assay as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM). The G20 molecule also interacts with Htn1‐171(Q23), a fusion protein that contains 23 glutamine residues instead of 58 (Q58), but in a more degenerate and nonspecific fashion. Taken together, our data support the notion that G20 exhibits some selectivity in binding to specific protein species that assemble along the aggregation pathway. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.