bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Symbolic Topography of Oedipus’ Life. Some Remarks
Authors: Wesołowska Elżbieta
Published: October 2021

The author of Oedipus Rex manages to reconstruct the hero’s life path against the background of the map of Greece of his day. In doing so he constructs the imaginary of the protagonist’s identity, one that is inextricably linked to his mental blindness as opposed to the tragic, self-inflicted blindness meted out to himself as a punishment for his crimes.
Some analogical methods of teaching English as a second foreign language
Authors: Mirabile Paul Vincent
Published: October 2021

To teach English as a second foreign language at university levels provides the educator or professor an excellent occasion to compare the first and second languages by a series of analogical activities that not only highlight the similar forms and structures of them, but more important still, oblige students to comprehend these forms and structures without having either to rely on or depend upon their mother tongue or apprehend them through the prism of their own. In this article are compared Turkish, French and Chinese forms and structures with English through sets of analogical activities that I prepared and applied in classrooms with my Russian students studying the aforesaid languages at the University of Academgorodok near Novosibirsk in Siberia. It was my methodical experiment to bring together English/Turkish, English/French and English/Chinese as interrelated objects of study; to put into relief the interpenetrating analogical elements that these languages possess as a pedagogical approach to them in spite of their very different language families and distinctive structural and morphological features.
A Modified Triaxial Apparatus for Soils under High-Frequency, Low-Amplitude Vibrations
Authors: Xie Tao , Guo Peijun
Published: October 2021

A modified triaxial apparatus was developed to explore the behavior of cohesionless soil subjected to high-frequency, low-amplitude vibrations, such as those induced by high-speed trains. It was based on a conventional Bishop-type triaxial apparatus to utilize its existing static loading module. The major modification was an added dynamic loading module with a low-inertia linear voice coil actuator mounted coaxially with the vertical loading rod. Through a signal generator and an amplifier connected to the voice coil actuator, a vibration input with wide range of frequencies and amplitudes could be superimposed to a monotonic loading process. A series of tests under different conditions were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the modified triaxial apparatus, with the focus being placed on the reduction of shear resistance and accumulative deformation of sand induced by high-frequency, low-amplitude vibrations.
Broadband Dynamics Rather than Frequency-Specific Rhythms Underlie Prediction Error in the Primate Auditory Cortex
Authors: Canales-Johnson Andrés , Teixeira Borges Ana Filipa , Komatsu Misako , Fujii Naotaka , Fahrenfort Johannes J. , Miller Kai J. , Noreika Valdas
Published: October 2021

Detection of statistical irregularities, measured as a prediction error response, is fundamental to the perceptual monitoring of the environment. We studied whether prediction error response is associated with neural oscillations or asynchronous broadband activity. Electrocorticography was conducted in three male monkeys, who passively listened to the auditory roving oddball stimuli. Local field potentials (LFPs) recorded over the auditory cortex underwent spectral principal component analysis, which decoupled broadband and rhythmic components of the LFP signal. We found that the broadband component captured the prediction error response, whereas none of the rhythmic components were associated with statistical irregularities of sounds. The broadband component displayed more stochastic, asymmetrical multifractal properties than the rhythmic components, which revealed more self-similar dynamics. We thus conclude that the prediction error response is captured by neuronal populations generating asynchronous broadband activity, defined by irregular dynamic states, which, unlike oscillatory rhythms, appear to enable the neural representation of auditory prediction error response.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study aimed to examine the contribution of oscillatory and asynchronous components of auditory local field potentials in the generation of prediction error responses to sensory irregularities, as this has not been directly addressed in the previous studies. Here, we show that mismatch negativity—an auditory prediction error response—is driven by the asynchronous broadband component of potentials recorded in the auditory cortex. This finding highlights the importance of nonoscillatory neural processes in the predictive monitoring of the environment. At a more general level, the study demonstrates that stochastic neural processes, which are often disregarded as neural noise, do have a functional role in the processing of sensory information.
“Giving to the World a Demonstration”
Authors: kalfa konstantina
Published: October 2021

In “Giving to the World a Demonstration”: U.S. Housing Aid to Greece, 1947–51, Konstantina Kalfa presents the unexplored history of U.S. housing aid provided to Greece as part of the Truman Doctrine as well as the later Marshall Plan. The article focuses on the emergence of a self-sheltering discourse as an important factor in Greece's postwar development, examining numerous official documents and considering the roles of multiple actors, including two prominent postwar figures: the influential U.S. housing expert Jacob Crane and the Greek architect and planner Constantinos Doxiadis. As the first large-scale experiment of its kind, the Greek scheme invoked ideologies of self-effort and national pride. These ideologies were critical for the country's modernization in the context of emerging Cold War politics, and they also helped to establish the value of self-help as an international aid strategy.
Breve descripción de la situación macroeconómica de Costa Rica en el contexto del COVID-19
Authors: Jiménez-Elizondo Keylin
Published: October 2021

La pandemia de COVID-19 afectó de forma directa las economías de los países. Ante este panorama, las políticas económicas recomendadas son diversas; sin embargo, la situación que enfrenta cada país es particular. Por ende, se exponen en este ensayo las políticas más preponderantes a nivel mundial, así como las alternativas dadas por algunos economistas. Se valora, además, la posibilidad de aplicar esas políticas económicas considerando la situación actual del país. Los resultados no son alentadores para Costa Rica: la política fiscal tiene poco margen de acción; por su parte, la política monetaria es una herramienta útil pero insuficiente para hacer frente a todos los problemas del país. Es imperativo para salir de la crisis económica que los cambios por realizar sean estructurales y no solo coyunturales.
Avistamientos de Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cetartiodactyla: Odontoceti: Delphinidae) en el Pacífico costarricense (1990-2020)
Authors: Castro-Azofeifa César
Published: October 2021

Las orcas son cetáceos poco estudiados en el trópico, y sus desplazamientos por aguas costarricenses han sido escasamente abordados. Son animales de gran importancia ecológica debido a su rol como depredadores top, y documentar su presencia en el país puede ser de gran importancia científica y social, pues para las comunidades costeras esta información podría representar una gran oportunidad desde el punto de vista ecoturístico. El objetivo de esta investigación fue sintetizar y sistematizar los reportes existentes, referente a las orcas en el país, mediante publicaciones científicas, libros e información derivada de informes de ciudadanos. Se tomó en cuenta la información recabada hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2020. Se dividieron los avistamientos y el número de orcas en el Pacífico costarricense regionalmente: 17 avistamientos y 56 individuos para el Pacífico Sur, 7 avistamientos y 20 individuos para el Pacífico Norte, 3 avistamientos y 19 individuos en el Pacífico Central y 4 avistamientos y 10 individuos para la Isla del Coco. Se contabilizaron 31 avistamientos y 105 individuos en total.  No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas sobre la ocurrencia de orcas entre las zonas, aunque hay una mayor cantidad de reportes en el Pacífico Sur, en especial, durante setiembre. Estudiar la presencia de las orcas en el país, que involucren procesos de educación ambiental y ciencia ciudadana, puede proveer importantes herramientas para la formulación de políticas públicas que permitan una conservación efectiva de los cetáceos y ofrecer mayores oportunidades de crecimiento para la industria ecoturística en las costas.
ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS REGISTERED FOR THE PERIOD 2012-2020, IN STARA ZAGORA REGION
Authors: Simeonova I. , Petrova Sv. , Mladenova I.
Published: October 2021

Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) is a clinical syndrome. There are many infectious and non-infectious causes of AFP. Poliomyelitis caused by the wild polio virus (the natural circulating strain of polio) is one of the causes of AFP. As a part of the worldwide campaign to eradicate polio, all countries do surveillance for polio by looking for clinical cases of AFP. The purpose of the study is to describe the cases of Acute Flaccid Paralysis, without Paresis Nervi facialis, in the Stara Zagora region for the period 2012-2020. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive analysis was performed on the parameters: diagnosis, seasonality, sex, residence, age, clinical data, and comorbidities, results of follow-up examinations, polio vaccine administration, and timeliness of studies. Results: There were 9 cases of AFP, without Paresis nervi facialis, registered and reported for the Stara Zagora region, for the period 2012 – 2020. The children in 3 years old were more affected- 4 patients. About the coverage with polio vaccine: 7 of the patients had 4 doses, 1- had 6 doses, 1 child had 5 doses, and + 1 zero dose. 100% of children are covered, according to their age, with IPV. Follow-up in 6 of the patients is without residual paresis and complications. Residual paresis was found in 1 of the cases. In 2 patients no control examination was performed due to migration. Conclusion: The correct epidemiological diagnosis is the way to timely and corrects clinical diagnosis. AFP Surveillance is of particular importance as well as fecal sampling up to 48 hours, from the onset of paralysis, and follow-up after the 60th day in children <15 years.
Investigation of probiotic potential of yeasts isolated from sourdoughs from different regions of Turkey
Authors: Alkay Z. , Dertli E. , Durak M.Z.
Published: October 2021

In this study, 14 yeast cultures from 62 isolates from traditional sourdoughs collected from 6 different regions of Turkey were selected by FT-IR identification and characterised to reveal their probiotic properties. Four yeast strains were genotypically identified and compared with FT-IR identification. In all analyses, it was observed that mostly Saccaromyces cerevisiae strain exhibited high hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation feature, and all yeast isolates in this study showed tolerance to 0.3%, even salt concentration. In addition, all yeast strains were susceptible to anti-yeasts agents, although they were resistant to all antibiotics used in the study. All selected yeast isolates exhibited high antimicrobial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, this study investigated the potential probiotic properties of yeast strains isolated from sourdough.
Assessment of the flow behavior and structural performance of open-cell aluminum foams at critical flow conditions of pressure and temperature
Authors: Azamar Manuel F. , Figueroa Ignacio A. , González Gonzalo , Alfonso Ismeli
Published: October 2021

Open-cell Al foams were produced by the replication casting technique in three different pore sizes. All produced foams were physically characterized, determining their relative density, porosity, and pores per inch, as well as their mean pore surface area and diameter. Permeability tests were carried out by means of the injection of a highly pressurized gasoline additive at room temperature and 200 °C, at pressures of up to 25,000 psi. The structural capacity of the studied specimens to conduct fluids at these critical experimental conditions was assessed by means of compression tests in order to determine their mechanical properties after the permeability tests, e.g., energy absorption capacity, Young’s modulus, and plateau stress. It was found that the produced open-cell Al foams were able of conducting the gasoline additive at critical flow conditions of pressure and temperature, without suffering important physical nor structural damage.

Graphic abstract
Informativity of lipid metabolism indicators for diagnostics and estimation of the effectiveness of treatment of dogs with pancreatitis
Authors: Zemlianskyi Andrii , Tymoshenko Olga , Zakhariev Andriy , Vashchyk Yevheniia , Seliukova Nataliia , Dotsenko Roman
Published: October 2021

The aim of the research: to substantiate the pathogenetic role of lipid metabolism disorders in the occurrence and course of pancreatitis in dogs and to establish the informativeness of its indicators for diagnosis and evaluation of treatment effectiveness based on clinical and laboratory research methods.

Materials and methods. Used clinical, instrumental, laboratory methods, including morphological studies of blood, urine, biochemical studies of serum: determination of the lipid profile by the content of triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, lipoproteins cholesterol of very low – HDL, low – LDL and high density – VLDL, traditional tests and statistical methods.

Results. It was found that the most significant changes are inherent in the metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins in the serum: significantly increased concentrations of cholesterol, triacylglycerols, LDL cholesterol and especially LDL cholesterol. The content of HDL cholesterol, on the contrary, in the acute course of pancreatitis is below normal. The content of triacylglycerols, LDL cholesterol and VLDL remains high. Total cholesterol is normalized, and the level of HDL is below normal.

Conclusions. Serum lipidogram of dogs without clinical symptoms of pathology does not differ in composition from the results obtained by other researchers. For pancreatitis in dogs, the concentration of total cholesterol increases by 1.9 times, triacylglycerols – by 5.4 times, cholesterol VLDL – in 6.0 times and LDL cholesterol – 7.7 times. The content of HDL cholesterol, in contrast, in the acute course of pancreatitis is 1.5 times lower than in clinically healthy dogs. Treatment reduces the degree of hyperenzymemia by ALT and AST, but α-amylase activity is not normalized in dogs. Above normal levels of triacylglycerols, LDL cholesterol and VLDL, and HDL cholesterol remain low, despite treatment
The effect of a formulation based on maduramycin and nicarbazine on rats and broiler chickens in a subacute experiment
Authors: Dotsenko Roman , Romanko Maryna , Vashchyk Yevheniia , Zakhariev Andriy , Zemlianskyi Andrii , Dotsenko Ekaterina , Seliukova Nataliia
Published: October 2021

The aim: to determine the effect of a preparative form of an antiemeric agent based on maduramycin and nicarbazine on the body of white rats and broiler chickens under the conditions of a subacute experiment.

Materials and methods. The formulation based on maduramycin and nicarbazine was administered to rats and broiler chickens with feed for 28 days. One control and three experimental groups were formed for the experiment: Group I – animals received a complete diet without admixture of the formulation (control group), Group II – animals that were administered the formulation (by the amount of active substances) at a dose of 5.0 mg / kg, III – 25.0 mg / kg and IV – 50.0 mg / kg of feed, respectively. In order to establish the toxic effect of the formulation on the body of experimental birds on 7, 14, 28 days of the experiment and 7 days after discontinuation of the formulation, 5 heads from each group were killed under light ether anesthesia, blood samples were taken for hematological and biochemical studies.

Results. During the study of the general clinical condition of rats and broiler chickens of the experimental groups, no significant changes in behavior and appearance were detected, compared with the control.

Hematological parameters of broiler chickens it was found that the receipt of the formulation with feed at doses of 5, 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight, causes a decrease in hemoglobin and an increase in hematocrit in broiler chickens on day 7 of the experiment. It was found that the changes are reversible, on the 28th day of the experiment the value of these indicators was within the physiological norm.

In the study of hematological and biochemical parameters of rats, it was found that the receipt of the formulation with food in doses of 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg for 28 days, causes a decrease in hemoglobin and increase hematocrit, total protein, albumin, creatinine and urea in male rats on the 7th day of the experiment.

Conclusions. Under conditions of repeated oral administration of the preparation mixture to rats and poultry at doses of 5, 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight in the absence of clinical signs of poisoning, insignificant fluctuations in hematological and biochemical parameters were identified
AN INTELLIGENT MODEL BASED ON DEEP TRANSFER LEARNING FOR DETECTING ANOMALIES IN CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Sukhostat L. V.
Published: October 2021

Context. The problem of detecting anomalies from signals of cyber-physical systems based on spectrogram and scalogram images is considered. The object of the research is complex industrial equipment with heterogeneous sensory systems of different nature. 

Objective. The goal of the work is the development of a method for signal anomalies detection based on transfer learning with the extreme gradient boosting algorithm.

Method. An approach based on transfer learning and the extreme gradient boosting algorithm, developed for detecting anomalies in acoustic signals of cyber-physical systems, is proposed. Little research has been done in this area, and therefore various pre-trained deep neural model architectures have been studied to improve anomaly detection. Transfer learning uses weights from a deep neural model, pre-trained on a large dataset, and can be applied to a small dataset to provide convergence without overfitting. The classic approach to this problem usually involves signal processing techniques that extract valuable information from sensor data. This paper performs an anomaly detection task using a deep learning architecture to work with acoustic signals that are preprocessed to produce a spectrogram and scalogram. The SPOCU activation function was considered to improve the accuracy of the proposed approach. The extreme gradient boosting algorithm was used because it has high performance and requires little computational resources during the training phase. This algorithm can significantly improve the detection of anomalies in industrial equipment signals.

Results. The developed approach is implemented in software and evaluated for the anomaly detection task in acoustic signals of cyber-physical systems on the MIMII dataset.

Conclusions. The conducted experiments have confirmed the efficiency of the proposed approach and allow recommending it for practical use in diagnosing the state of industrial equipment. Prospects for further research may lie in the application of ensemble approaches based on transfer learning to various real datasets to improve the performance and fault-tolerance of cyber-physical systems.
TWO-SIDED APPROXIMATIONS METHOD BASED ON THE GREEN’S FUNCTIONS USE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF A POSITIVE SOLUTION OF THE DIRICHLE PROBLEM FOR A SEMILINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATION
Authors: Gybkina N. V. , Lamtyugova S. M. , Sidorov M. V.
Published: October 2021

Context. The question of constructing a method of two-sided approximations for finding a positive solution of the Dirichlet problem for a semilinear elliptic equation based on the use of the Green’s functions method is considered. The object of research is the first boundary value problem (the Dirichlet problem) for a second-order semilinear elliptic equation. 

Objective. The purpose of the research is to develop a method of two-sided approximations for solving the Dirichlet problem for second-order semilinear elliptic equations based on the use of the Green’s functions method and to study its work in solving test problems.

Method. Using the Green’s functions method, the initial first boundary value problem for a semilinear elliptic equation is replaced by the equivalent Hammerstein integral equation. The integral equation is represented in the form of a nonlinear operator equation with a heterotone operator and is considered in the space of continuous functions, which is semi-ordered using the cone of nonnegative functions. As a solution (generalized) of the boundary value problem, it was taken the solution of the equivalent integral equation. For a heterotone operator, a strongly invariant cone segment is found, the ends of which are the initial approximations for two iteration sequences. The first of these iterative sequences is monotonically increasing and approximates the desired solution to the boundary value problem from below, and the second is monotonically decreasing and approximates it from above. Conditions for the existence of a unique positive solution of the considered Dirichlet problem and two-sided convergence of successive approximations to it are given. General guidelines for constructing a strongly invariant cone segment are also given. The method developed has a simple computational implementation and a posteriori error estimate that is convenient for use in practice. 

Results. The method developed was programmed and studied when solving test problems. The results of the computational experiment are illustrated with graphical and tabular informations.

Conclusions. The experiments carried out have confirmed the efficiency and effectiveness of the developed method and make it possible to recommend it for practical use in solving problems of mathematical modeling of nonlinear processes. Prospects for further research may consist the development of two-sided methods for solving problems for systems of partial differential equations, partial differential equations of higher orders and nonstationary multidimensional problems, using semi-discrete methods (for example, the Rothe’s method of lines).
Effect of radioiodine therapy (131I) on blood cells of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients
Authors: Giang An Nguyen Thi , Quang Trung Nguyen
Published: October 2021

Thyroid cancer accounts for about 1% of all types of cancers, with about 80% of cases being differentiated and 20% undifferentiated. Our study was conducted on 209 Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (DTC) patients treated at the Department of Nuclear Medicine of Nghe An Cancer Hospital with 91.39% of patients having papillary thyroid carcinoma, with the mean age of 47.91 ± 12.08. The geographic distribution of these patients was determined to be 68.42% coastal plains. Patients living in mountainous areas accounted for only 6.22%. For our experiment, treatment for patients including having the tumor removed and thyroid tissue destroyed using 131I. Patients were then prescribed with alternative hormones varying at different doses depending on the degree and stage of cancer. Among 209 patients, 8 patients were treated with 30mCi dose(3.83%); 196 patients treated with the dose of 100–150 mCi (93.78%) and 5 patients treated 200–250 mCi (2.39%). After 3–5 days of treatment, we observed significant changes in blood count with p<0.05. Initially, erythrocytes and hemoglobin count decreased slightly for 30–150 mCi dose patients but with 200–250 mCi dose patients, those indexes fell below the reference level. The platelet index decreased significantly after 3–5 days of treatment (p<0.05). Total leukocytes, lymphocytes and mono count decreased sharply after treatment (p<0.05) but neutrophils changed very little. After 3–6 months of treatment, the blood cell formula gradually stabilized, the recovery of red blood cells took place faster than the white blood cells and platelets. The recovery of blood cells of patients treated with doses of 200–500 mCi took place more slowly (p<0.05). Thus, the use of 131I in the treatment of DTC is a common and effective method, but they may also be at risk of impairing blood cells, especially in high-dose 131I patients. However, this change is still within the allowable limits and after 6 months of treatment, the blood cell counts tend to return to their original values. The speed of recovery depends on the individual blood cell line and the amount of treatment. This research result can be used as a reference for deciding on 131I dosage and supportive measures, interventions in treatment, helping patients avoiding the decrease of blood cells and increase the effectiveness of the treatment process.
Assessment of benthic environmental disturbance in the Ba Lai estuary using the nematode biomass spectra
Authors: Yen Nguyen Thi My , Thai Tran Thanh , Quang Ngo Xuan , Ngoc Hoai Pham
Published: October 2021

The researchs on the biomass spectra - a functional characteristic of biotic communities is still limited. In this study, the nematode biomass spectra in the bottom of Ba Lai estuary was investigated at six subtidal stations from the sea toward the upstream. The result showed that nematode biomass spectra ranged between -8 and 1 being significantly different between stations, and the lowest biomass of those spectras was in station BL4 (< 2 µg) which is upwardly closed to the Ba Lai dam. BL4 was also characterized by the lowest nematode abundance in the studied area. In addition, station BL3 downwardly closed to the dam exhibited low number of individuals. The heterogeneity in the nematode biomass spectra of BL3 and BL4 might due to the disturbance in the sedimentary environment of Ba Lai estuary related to the dam impact. This research again supports the important role of biomass spectra as bioindicator tool for biomonitoring and environmental quality assessment. Therefore, applying nematode biomass spectra is recommended for environmental assessment due to their advantages such as timesaving, not taxonomical expertise-requirement.
Parkinson's disease: Certain features of pathology, genetics, and pathogenesis
Authors: Hung Do Manh , Hai Ha Nguyen , Dang Ton Nguyen
Published: October 2021

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second-most common and complex neurodegenerative disorders in humans, characterized by motor symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and non-motor symptoms such as insomnia, constipation, anxiety, depression and fatigue. Up to now, the diagnosis of PD has been mainly based on clinical symptoms with motor features being the mainstay and this limits the possibility of early detection. PD is usually diagnosis after the sixth decade of life, however about 5–10% of patients who develop the disease before the age of 50 are early-onset PD. The rapid development of genetic studies and their application may induce the early diagnosis of PD in the near future, especially for the early-onset PD. A few mechanisms have been implicated in PD pathogenesis, with α-synuclein aggregation central to the development of the disease. Multiple other processes are thought to be involved, with several studies suggesting that abnormal protein clearance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation play a role in the onset and progression of PD. There are many PD patients in Vietnam, however, the studies are mainly based on clinical symtom descriptions. Given the aging of the population, the prevalence of PD is to increase dramatically, which would lead to increased urgency for the need to identify improved methods in diagnosis and treatment this disease.
Study on biological characteristics and biomass production of the green microalgae (Nannochloris atomus) isolated from Vietnam for the extraction of bioactive compounds
Authors: Tam Luu Thi , Thu Ngo Thi Hoai , Hang Nguyen Thi Minh , Minh Chau Van , Hong Dang Diem
Published: October 2021

Microalgae are known to be a nutrient-rich feed source for many aquatic animals. It is also an important raw material source to exploit high biological activity substances for humans. This is the first study on biological characteristics and algae biomass production from the green microalgae Nannochloris atomus being carried out in Vietnam. In this study, scientific name of the strain N. atomus NT12 based on morphological characteristics and 18S rRNA gene sequence (with accession number MW007766 on the GenBank) was identified. At the best conditions for the growth (i.e. Walne medium, 3 x 106 cells/mL initial cell density, 25 -30oC growth temperature, 60 - 100 µmol/m2s light intensity, pH 7, 30‰ salinity), highest NT12 strain cell density of 30 x 106 cells/mL was obtained after 30 days of culture. The microalgae N. atomus NT12 was also successfully cultured on a pilot scale in the plastic bottle 10 L and closed photobioreactors 20 – 50 L resulting in a high biomass productivity of 209 mg/L/day and a biomass rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid (C18:1n-9), linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) qualified for the purpose of extraction of value bioactive compounds.
Genomics and big data: Research, development and applications
Authors: Hien Le Thi Thu , Van Nguyen Tuong , Oanh Kim Thi Phuong , Ton Nguyen Dang , Hue Huynh Thi Thu , Duong Nguyen Thuy , Hang Pham Le Bich , Ha Nguyen Hai
Published: October 2021

Recent years, genomics and big data analytics have been widely applied and have significant impacts in various important areas of social life worldwide. The development of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, such as whole-genome sequencing (WGS), whole-exome sequencing (WES), transcriptome, and/or targeted sequencing, has enabled quickly generating the genomes of interested living organisms. Around the world many nations have invested in and promoted the development of genomics and big data analytics. A number of well-established projects on sequencing of human, animal, plant, and microorganism genomes to generate vast amounts of genomic data have been conducted independently or as collaborative efforts by national or international research networks of scientists specializing in different technical fields of genomics, bioinformatics, computational and statistical biology, automation, artificial intelligence, etc. Complicated and large genomic datasets have been effectively established, storage, managed, and used. Vietnam supports this new field of study through setting up governmental authorized institutions and conducting genomic research projects of human and other endemic organisms. In this paper, the research, development, and applications of genomic big data are reviewed with focusing on: (i) Available sequencing technologies for generating genomic datasets; (ii) Genomics and big data initiatives worldwide; (iii) Genomics and big data analytics in selected countries and Vietnam; (iv) Genomic data applications in key areas including medicine for human health care, agriculture - forestry, food safety, and environment.
Development of an in-house Lepto-LAT kit for screening and detection of Leptospira infection
Authors: Lan Anh Le Thi , Thi Thuong Vu , Thi Ha Giang Pham , Thi Thanh Nga Bui , Thi Hang Minh , Phi Long Trieu , Ha Thanh Dao Thi , Van Anh Le Thi , Huu Duc Nguyen
Published: October 2021

Leptospirosis is a common zoonotic disease in the tropics and subtropics. Leptospira infected human without prompt detection and treatment will face serious consequences such as acute hepatitis-kidneys, pulmonary hemorrhage which can lead to death. Besides the MAT gold standard method, Leptosipra antigens developed by DNA recombination technology have been widely studying and applying in diagnosis of Leptospira infection in human and animal. Overcoming the disadvantages of MAT and ELISA such as complicated protocol, which requires highly qualified staff and specialized equipment, the latex agglutination method has been studied and widely used in detecting pathogens such as Salmonella, E. coli, Leptospira in the world. The advantages of this method are simple operation, fast and cheap. In the previous article, we expressed Leptospira LigB antigen in E. coli cells and successfully purified it by affinity chromatography with 98% purity. In this paper, we present the process for establishment of a Lepto-LAT kit to detect Leptospira infection in dogs. This kit had the sensitivity and specificity of 91.75% and 91.57%, respectively.
Остеосинтез у разі переломів шийки та вертлюгової зони стегнової кістки в дітей
Authors: Popsuishapka Olexii , Dovhan Serhii , Khomyak Oleksandr
Published: October 2021

Proximal femur fractures are uncommon injuries in children, accounting for less than 1 % of all fractures per year, but usually result in hospitalization and are at risk of complications. We have designed a device for bone fragments fixation in the case of proximal femur fractures and the method of its application in adults. The device consists of rods that are screwed into the cap of the head, the diaphyseal part and the module, which is located in the subtrochanter area. The rods can be connected to the module at any angle in the frontal plane.  The device provides a certain stage of installation of the elements, which allows you to effectively place it with minimal bone destruction. Objective. Share your own experience in the treatment of femoral neck and proximal femur fractures in children. Material. The experience of treatment of 28 children with femoral neck fracture or proximal femur fractures for the period 2005–2020 is presented, 11 of them were treated conservatively with the skeletal traction. Osteosynthesis by the author’s device was performed in 17 patients: 15 closed reduction, 2 in case of intertrochanteric fracture, — open reduction. The method of osteosynthesis and postoperative management of patients is described in detail. Results. In children who were treated conservatively, the fracture consolidation was achieved within 5–7 months, in one of them — in the position of varus deformity. In contrast to conservative treatment, children began to walk with crutches after a few days after surgery, with partial weight-bearing on injured limb. The device was removed in 16 patients after 5–8 months, and complete fracture consolidation of the fragments in their anatomical position was noted. There were no pathological tissue reactions to the metal device. Conclusions. The proposed device and method of closed osteosynthesis with its usage in the case of proximal femur and femoral neck fractures in children can be recommended in the practice of pediatric traumatology.
Vjacheslav Sergijovych Dudnik
Authors: "ORTHOPAEDICS, TRAUMATOLOGY AND PROSTHETICS" Staff of
Published: October 2021

On May 13, 2021, at the age of 75, the heart of the scientist, orthopedist-traumatologist, candidate of medical sciences Dudnik Vyacheslav Sergeevich stopped beating.
Conceptual model of patho- and sanogenesis of the sacroiliac joint osteoarthritis
Authors: Korzh Mykola , Staude Volodymyr
Published: October 2021

Objective. To develop a conceptual model of patho- and sanogene­sis of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) osteoarthritis on base of the known data about the SIJ, the results of our own biomechanical studies of this joint, its ligaments and stabilizing muscles by finite element modelling, data of clinical verification of these results. Methods. The object of the model is the SIJ as a link, which connects the spine and pelvis. The proposed conceptual model is based on the M. Panjabi hypothesis of chronic lumbar pain in the case of partial dama­ge to ligaments, which leads to muscle dysfunction. Results. A new conceptual model of SIJ osteoarthritis was developed. In this model we tried to take into account the limitations of the existing SIJ stability hypotheses and models of the appearance of the pelvic girdle pain, SIJ dysfunction and SIJ arthrosis. The model is based on the results of our own research. It was proved, that patients with SIJ osteoarthritis have an asymmetry of the width of the joint slits, the inclination of the sacrum and pelvis, sacral rotation, hyperlordosis in the LV–SI segment. These factors lead to a shift of the horizontal axis of sacral rotational mobility relative to the pelvic bones. This horizontal axis shift leads to the instabili­ty of the SIJ on one side of the joint, and to the functional block on another side. The results of these functional changes were damage of the SIJ ligaments-stabilizers, dysfunction of the SIJ muscles-stabilizers, degenerative changes of SIJ elements and pain. The deve­loped model allows to explain the distortion of muscular response pattern in patients with improper SIJ biomechanics in conditions of SIJ osteoarthritis. The increase of the SIJ biomechanics changes enlarges the the muscle response pattern distortion. Conclusions. The developed conceptual model explains many clinical manifestations of the SIJ osteoarthritis and will help to understand better the mechanics of the pelvic girdle pain in such conditions, will improve the results of diagnosis and treatment.
Features of surgical correction of various forms of hand syndactyly in children. Retrospective study of own treatment experience
Authors: Harbuzniak Iryna , Hrуtsenko Anastasiia
Published: October 2021

Syndactyly is a congenital malformation which is characterized by impaired differentiation of upper extremity tissues. Surgical correction of syndactyly is aimed to achieve satisfactory cosmetic and functional result. Most often, elimination of the total syndactyly form of the fingers implies is achieved by techniques according to Flatt (1962), Cronin (1943), Gilbert (1986), Wood (1998), bone form requires usage of Buck-Gramko technique. Objective. To conduct a retrospective study of surgical treatment results in patients with various forms of hand syndactyly. Methods. The study included 84 patients (109 hands) with hand syndactyly who were operated during the period from 2012 to 2020 in the pediatric orthopedics clinic of the Sytenko Institute of Spine and Joint Pathology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. The mean age of patients was 6.5 years (1 to 16), 39 (46.4 %) boys and 45 (53.6 %) girls. Most often syndactyly of III–IV fingers (105 (96.3 %) hands) was managed by the Wood method, namely in 63 (60.0 %) hands and 8 (7.6 %) cases with severe bone forms were corrected by Buck-Gramko method. Rotational skin pieces Ghani and Buck-Gramko were used for surgical correction of I–II fingers syndactyly. Treatment results were evaluated by the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS). Results. According to VSS, the treatment result was classified as satisfactory in 73 (67.0 %) hands. Complications were noted in 11 (10.1 %) cases: 2 patients (18.2 % of 11) with congenital amniotic membranes were found to have lysis of a free skin piece; 1 (9.1 %) after removal of the bony syndactyly form had deviation of the nail phalanx; 3 (27.3 %) with Poland-syndrome were shown to have scarring of the interdigital space; 5 (45.4 %) with a complex bony form of syndactyly further on developed pulling scars, which caused deformity of the fingers and resulted in a correction in the form of multistage Z-plastics. Conclusions. All the patients showed improvement in the function and cosmetic results of the hand at the end of treatment. The best results were obtained in the case of simple and total forms of syndactyly treated with Wood technique.
Expenditure of early initiation of neuromuscle electrical stimulation after orthopedic surgeries on the hip and knee joints (literature review)
Authors: Prytula Nataliya , Fedotova Inga
Published: October 2021

Every year the number of cases of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, total hip and knee arthroplasty increases. This leads to the improvement of rehabilitation protocols for patients after surgery to quickly restore normal range of motion and return to normal life. Objective. Provide physical therapists with an evidence-based resource that can guide clinical decision making, thereby enabling clinicians to make effective use of electrical stimulation to improve muscle function in patients after orthopedic operations and increase awareness of the range of applications for neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). Metods. Electronic databases PMC, PUBMED and SCOPUS were used to search the relevant literature, which was published in the period from the creation of databases to December 2020. Additional articles were identified by analyzing bibliographies in systematic reviews. We have reviewed the full text of selected articles to confirm that all included studies meet the stated objectives of the review. Results. In patients after orthopedic surgery on the hip and knee joints, the inclusion of NMES in standard physical therapy significantly increases the strength of the quadriceps muscle compared to conventional physical therapy. Early activation can be helpful to avoid suppression of quadriceps function and atrophy, provide the patient with the most effective course of rehabilitation, and return to active life after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction or knee arthroplasty. It is also advisable to use NMES as an alternative mechanical prevention of deep vein thrombosis and edema in the early period after hip arthroplasty. In the presented studies, patients tolerated NMES well even when it initiated on 1–2 postoperative days. However, no standardized NMES protocols  reported in the literature, so the choice of stimulation parameters is at the discretion of the physician and usually depends on the individual tolerability of the patients.
School dropout among female learners in rural Mpumalanga, South Africa
Authors: Mokoena Prince , van Breda Adrian D.
Published: October 2021

South Africa, like many countries, has high numbers of learners who do not complete secondary schooling. This reduces these young people’s chances of finding work or of earning a better salary. It is thus important to understand the factors that contribute to high school dropout. In the study reported on here we investigated the factors that caused a number of female learners to drop out and return to high school in a rural community in Mpumalanga. The learners provided 3 reasons for dropping out of school: pregnancy, illness and immigration. The analysis of these factors suggests 3 underlying themes that influence the ability of children to remain in school, viz. health, policies and structures, and poverty. The implications of these and recommendations to address them are discussed. The authors argue that greater interdepartmental efforts are required to support vulnerable girls to remain in school.
Impact of cluster front line demonstration on oilseed crop in Barpeta district of Assam
Authors: Deka Chittaranjan , Deka A.K. , Barman P. , Mudoi M.
Published: October 2021

The main objective of cluster front line demonstrations (CFLDs) is to demonstrate newly released crop production and protection technologies and its management practices at the farmer’s field in cluster approach under different agro-climatic regions and farming situations. Pointing the importance of cluster frontline demonstrations in transfer of oilseed production technologies, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Barpeta conducted CFLDs at farmers’ field and accordingly study was conducted in Barpeta district of Assam. The study revealed that important package of practices where more increase in adoption was found were use of high yielding variety of rapeseed Var-TS-38 (72.5%), seed treatment (67.5%), use of proper seed rate (65.0%), recommended fertilizer dose (57.5%), line sowing on furrows (40.0%), weed management (27.5%) and sowing time (30.0%). There was noteworthy difference observed in yield of oilseed before conductance of CFLD and after CFLD programme. B:C ratio of oilseed crop after CFLD was higher than before CFLD. It showed impact of CFLD on adoption of oilseed production technologies. The factors responsible for low B:C ratio before CFLD was less adoption of all the recommended package of practices for oilseed crop in the region.
Paddy growers’ technical knowledge on integrated pest management practices in Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam
Authors: Sharma P. , Mishra P.
Published: October 2021

The importance of integrated pest management (IPM) lies with the fact that, dependency for increasing agricultural production by heavy application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers has negative impact on human health as well as on the natural resource base. IPM is a concept that integrates all cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical practices of crop production which control prevent and eradicate pest population in field and makes the pest management practice a stronger approach rather than sole application of chemical pesticides. The study revealed that majority of the respondents aged between 41-53 years (56.43%), studied upto High School (46.07%) and had membership of at least one organization (70.72%). Most of the farmers had family size of 5-7 members (62.50%), agricultural experience between 16-23 years (62.85%) and in between 4-9.6 years involved in pesticide application (60.71%). The knowledge regarding various IPM practices plays a vital role in its application. The study found that more than half (52.85%) of the paddy growers had moderate level of knowledge on IPM practices next to which 27.85 per cent of the farmers had low level of knowledge and 19.28 per cent of them had high level of knowledge regarding IPM practices. The farmers had great extent of knowledge on the practices like proper summer ploughing, trimming of bunds and destruction of crop residues before transplanting of rice to minimize the insect pest and disease intensity as reported by all the respondents and use bird perches for predatory birds against insect pests of rice was reported by 90.00 per cent of the respondents. However, majority (69.28%) of the respondents did not know about application of Trichogramma as a biocontrol agent against rice stem borer, rice leaf folder and more than three forth of the respondents (76.78%) did not know about pattern of release of Trichogramma in the field. It shows that farmers had very low knowledge in application of biological pest control techniques in the field coparing to cultural practices.
Management orientation of young awardee farm women of University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
Authors: Balambeed Suma , Channal Geeta P.
Published: October 2021

Since ancient times women have been playing a crucial role in family as well as in farming. But their contribution has not been identified fully and acknowledged. In the present scenario of globalization, liberalization and privatization of agricultural sector, the sustainable development of farm women is considered as a key factor for development of any country. This study was conducted in Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts of Karnataka. The woman who had received Yuva Shresta Krishi Mahile award during 2014-2017 was purposively selected. A total of 60 young awardee farm women were selected as a sample for the study from 17 talukas conferred by the UAS Dharwad. Pre-structured interview schedule was used to collect the data. Suitable statistical tools like frequency, percentage and indices were used for analysis of the data. The important findings of the study revealed that, cent per cent of the awardee farm women belonged to young age group (< 35 years) had high school education and from big family size (43.33 %) belonged to joint family (51.67 %), had medium farming experience (60.00 %) and had big land holding (38.33%). A majority of the respondents had low annual income (78.33 %), 63.34 per cent had high level management orientation, 33.33 per cent had medium level and only 3.33 per cent had low level of management orientation.