bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beef tenderness and intramuscular fat proteomic biomarkers: muscle type effect
Authors: Picard Brigitte , Gagaoua Mohammed , Al-Jammas Marwa , De Koning Leanne , Valais Albéric , Bonnet Muriel
Published: June 2018

Tenderness and intramuscular fat content are key attributes for beef sensory qualities. Recently some proteomic analysis revealed several proteins which are considered as good biomarkers of these quality traits. This study focuses on the analysis of 20 of these proteins representative of several biological functions: muscle structure and ultrastructure, muscle energetic metabolism, cellular stress and apoptosis. The relative abundance of the proteins was measured by Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA) in five muscles known to have different tenderness and intramuscular lipid contents: Longissimus thoracis (LT), Semimembranosus (SM), Rectus abdominis (RA), Triceps brachii (TB) and Semitendinosus (ST). The main results showed a muscle type effect on 16 among the 20 analyzed proteins. They revealed differences in protein abundance depending on the contractile and metabolic properties of the muscles. The RA muscle was the most different by 11 proteins differentially abundant comparatively to the four other muscles. Among these 11 proteins, six were less abundant namely enolase 3 (ENO3), phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGK1), aldolase (ALDOA), myosin heavy chain IIX (MyHC-IIX), fast myosin light chain 1 (MLC1F), triosephosphate isomerase 1 (TPI1) and five more abundant: Heat shock protein (HSP27, HSP70-1A1, αB-crystallin (CRYAB), troponin T slow (TNNT1), and aldolase dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1A1). Four proteins: HSP40, four and a half LIM domains protein 1 (FHL1), glycogen phosphorylase B (PYGB) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH1) showed the same abundance whatever the muscle. The correlations observed between the 20 proteins in all the five muscles were used to construct a correlation network. The proteins the most connected with the others were in the following order MyHC-IIX, CRYAB, TPI1, PGK1, ALDH1A1, HSP27 and TNNT1. This knowledge is important for understanding the biological functions related to beef tenderness and intramuscular fat content.
Shift in VEGFA isoform balance towards more angiogenic variants is associated with tumor stage and differentiation of human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chesnokov Mikhail S. , Khesina Polina A. , Shavochkina Darya A. , Kustova Inna F. , Dyakov Leonid M. , Morozova Olga V. , Mugue Nikolai S. , Kudashkin Nikolay E. , Moroz Ekaterina A. , Patyutko Yuri I. , Lazarevich Natalia L.
Published: June 2018

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common and aggressive type of malignant liver tumor. HCC progression depends significantly on its vascularization and formation of new blood vessels. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is a crucial regulator of tumor vascularization and components of VEGF-induced cell signaling pathways are important targets of therapeutical drugs that demonstrated the highest efficiency in case of advanced HCC (sorafenib and regorafenib). VEGFA is expressed as a set of isoforms with different functional properties, thus VEGFA isoform expression pattern may affect tumor sensitivity to anti-angiogenic drugs. However, information about VEGFA isoforms expression in HCC is still incomplete and contradictory. The present study aims to quantitatively investigate VEGFA isoform expression aberrations in HCC tissue.

Methods

A total of 50 pairs of HCC and non-tumor tissue samples were used to evaluate the VEGFA isoform spectrum using RT-PCR and quantitatively estimate changes in isoform expression using RT-qPCR. Correlations between these changes and tumor clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed.

Results

We identified VEGFA-189, VEGFA-165, and VEGFA-121 as predominant isoforms in liver tissue. Anti-angiogenic VEGFA-xxxb variants constituted no more than 5% of all mature VEGFA transcripts detected and their expression was not changed significantly in HCC tissue. We demonstrated for the first time that the least active variant VEGFA-189 is frequently repressed in HCC (p < 0.001), while no uniform changes were detected for potent angiogenesis stimulators VEGFA-165 and VEGFA-121. Isoform balance in HCC shifts from VEGFA-189 towards VEGFA-165 or VEGFA-121 in the majority of cases (p < 0.001). Changes in fractions, but not expression levels, of VEGFA-189 (decrease) and VEGFA-121 (increase) correlated with advanced Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) tumor stages (p < 0.05), VEGFA-189 fraction reduction was also associated with poor tumor differentiation (p < 0.05).

Discussion

A distinct shift in VEGFA isoform balance towards more pro-angiogenic variants occurs in HCC tissue and may modulate overall impact of VEGFA signaling. We suppose that the ratio between VEGFA isoforms is an important parameter governing HCC angiogenesis that may affect HCC progression and be used for optimizing the strategy of HCC therapy by predicting the response to anti-angiogenic drugs.
Spatial-temporal variation and impacts of drought in Xinjiang (Northwest China) during 1961–2015
Authors: Yao Junqiang , Zhao Yong , Yu Xiaojing
Published: June 2018

Observations indicate that temperature and precipitation patterns changed dramatically in Xinjiang, northwestern China, between 1961 and 2015. Dramatic changes in climatic conditions can bring about adverse effects. Specifically, meteorological drought severity based on the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) showed a decreasing trend in Xinjiang prior to 1997, after which the trend reversed. SPEI-based drought severity shows a much stronger change during 1997–2015 than the SPI, which is independent of the effect of evaporative demand. Meteorological drought severity has been aggravated by a significant rise in temperature (1.1 °C) over the last two decades that has not been accompanied by a corresponding increase in precipitation. As a result, the evaporative demand in Xinjiang has risen. An examination of a large spatio-temporal extent has made the aggravated drought conditions more evident. Our results indicate that increased meteorological drought severity has had a direct effect on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and river discharge. The NDVI exhibited a significant decrease during the period 1998–2013 compared to 1982–1997, a decrease that was found to be caused by increased soil moisture loss. A positive relationship was recorded between evaporative demand and the runoff coefficients of the 68 inland river catchments in northwestern China. In the future, meteorological drought severity will likely increase in arid and semiarid regions as global warming continues.
High similarity in the microbiota of cold-water sponges of the Genus Mycale from two different geographical areas
Authors: Cárdenas César A. , González-Aravena Marcelo , Font Alejandro , Hestetun Jon T. , Hajdu Eduardo , Trefault Nicole , Malmberg Maja , Bongcam-Rudloff Erik
Published: June 2018

Sponges belonging to genus Mycale are common and widely distributed across the oceans and represent a significant component of benthic communities in term of their biomass, which in many species is largely composed by bacteria. However, the microbial communities associated with Mycale species inhabiting different geographical areas have not been previously compared. Here, we provide the first detailed description of the microbiota of two Mycale species inhabiting the sub-Antarctic Magellan region (53°S) and the Western Antarctic Peninsula (62–64°S), two geographically distant areas (>1,300 km) with contrasting environmental conditions. The sponges Mycale (Aegogropila) magellanica and Mycale (Oxymycale) acerata are both abundant members of benthic communities in the Magellan region and in Antarctica, respectively. High throughput sequencing revealed a remarkable similarity in the microbiota of both sponge species, dominated by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, with both species sharing more than 74% of the OTUs. In contrast, 16% and 10% of the OTUs were found only in either M. magellanica or M. acerata, respectively. Interestingly, despite slight differences in the relative abundance, the most dominant OTUs were present in both species, whereas the unique OTUs had very low abundances (less than 1% of the total abundance). These results show a significant overlap among the microbiota of both Mycale species and also suggest the existence of a low level of specificity of the most dominant symbiont groups.
A survey of chiropractic intern experiences learning and using an electronic health record system
Authors: Funk Matthew F.
Published: June 2018

Objective:

Previous research has discussed various challenges to introducing an electronic health record (EHR) to first-time health professional students. Chiropractic interns face similar challenges. Interns' perceptions about learning and using an EHR were assessed.

Methods:

An anonymous electronic survey was sent to interns of our outpatient chiropractic clinic requesting their relative agreement or disagreement to statements in nine domains. Since perceptions of EHR have been shown to change with increased time spent using an EHR, the survey also sought to compare more experienced users (8th semester) to novices (7th semester). Data were analyzed for relative agreement to statements related to learning the use of the EHR. Interns also provided other written comments.

Results:

There was a 51% overall response rate, evenly divided between 7th and 8th semester interns. Interns generally concurred that they were adept at using the current EHR and those with more experience responded they were more adept than those with less EHR familiarity. Interns strongly agreed that the EHR facilitated gathering information about patients through the ability to review previous clinical notes, tests, and medication lists. Experienced interns were more likely to enter data after the encounter was over and novice users more commonly entered data during the encounter.

Conclusion:

This information regarding interns' EHR experiences may provide strategies that lead to improvements in intern EHR education. Having insight into learners' experiences can provide important input to the EHR features that should be considered carefully by institutions and individual purchasers alike.
Phenyl Selenosulfides as Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Cui Yi , Ackerson Joseph D. , Ma Ying , Bhargav Amruth , Karty Jonathan A. , Guo Wei , Zhu Likun , Fu Yongzhu
Published: June 2018

The SeSe bond in an organo‐diselenide (RSeSeR, R is an organic group) can break in a 2e− reduction reaction, but it has limited capacity as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries. To increase its capacity, redox active species (e.g., sulfur) can be added in the middle of the selenium atoms. Herein, phenyl diselenide (PDSe, PhSeSePh) is mixed with sulfur to form two hybrid compounds with 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios, which almost double and triple the capacity of PDSe, respectively. Theoretical calculations suggest that phenyl selenosulfide (PDSe‐S, PhSe‐S‐SePh) and phenyl selenodisulfide (PDSe‐S2, PhSe‐SS‐SePh) can form via addition reactions, which is supported by mass spectrometry analysis. The hybrid materials exhibit three highly reversible redox plateaus and enhanced cycling stability due to the reduced solubility of the discharge products. PDSe‐S and PDSe‐S2 show initial capacities of 252 and 330 mAh g−1, respectively, followed by stable cycling performance with a capacity retention of >73% after 200 cycles at C/5 rate. In addition, they show steady rate capabilities. This study reports a novel strategy to increase the electrochemical performance of organo‐diselenide by addition of sulfur.
Robust Rare‐Earth‐Containing Superhydrophobic Coatings for Strong Protection of Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Liu Lei , Lei Jinglei , Li Lingjie , Zhang Jie , Shang Bo , He Jianxin , Li Nianbing , Pan Fusheng
Published: June 2018

The robust rare‐earth‐containing superhydrophobic coatings are fabricated by a simple and scalable method, which includes spraying the lanthanum hydroxide sol onto metallic substrates (AZ61 Mg and 2024 Al) and then modifying the surfaces with stearic acid. The as‐prepared coatings on AZ61 Mg and 2024 Al have identical morphology and composition. Both are composed of fiber‐like La(OH)3 nanowires that cross‐link and form a network structure, which are pivotal for inducing surface superhydrophobicity with water contact angles (WCAs) as high as ≈157°. The superhydrophobic coatings demonstrate remarkable corrosion resistance as well as high chemical and mechanical stabilities. The theoretical simulation based on molecular mechanics suggests that the high stabilities mainly arise from the strong bonding between La2O3 and stearic acid molecules. The fabrication approach proposed here is hopeful to extend for large‐scale preparation of robust superhydrophobic metallic materials widely applied.
Wafer‐Scale Epitaxial 1T′, 1T′–2H Mixed, and 2H Phases MoTe2 Thin Films Grown by Metal–Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Kim TaeWan , Park Hyeji , Joung DaeHwa , Kim DongHwan , Lee Rochelle , Shin Chae Ho , Diware Mangesh , Chegal Won , Jeong Soo Hwan , Shin Jae Cheol , Park Jonghoo , Kang Sang‐Woo
Published: June 2018

2D materials beyond molybdenum disulfide such as molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) have attracted increasing attention because of their distinctive properties, such as phase‐engineered, relatively narrow direct bandgap of 1.0–1.1 eV and superior carrier transport. However, a wafer‐scale synthesis process is required for achieving practical applications in next‐generation electronic devices using MoTe2 thin films. Herein, the direct growth of atomically thin 1T′, 1T′–2H mixed, and 2H phases MoTe2 films on a 4 in. SiO2/Si wafer with high spatial uniformity (≈96%) via metal–organic vapor phase deposition is reported. Furthermore, the wafer‐scale phase engineering of few‐layer MoTe2 film is investigated by controlling the H2 molar flow rate. While the use of a low H2 molar flow rate results in 1T′ and 1T′–2H mixed phase MoTe2 films, 2H phase MoTe2 films are obtained at a high H2 molar flow rate. Field‐effect transistors fabricated with the prepared 2H and 1T′ phases MoTe2 channels reveal p‐type semiconductor and semimetal properties, respectively. This work demonstrates the potential for reliable wafer‐scale production of 1T′ and 2H phases MoTe2 thin films employing the H2 molar flow rate‐controlled phase tunable method for practical applications in next‐generation electronic devices as a p‐type semiconductor and Wyle semimetal.
Self‐Triggered Apoptosis Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (STAEPT): Enhancing Targeted Therapies via Recurrent Bystander Killing Effect by Exploiting Caspase‐Cleavable Linker
Authors: Chung Seung Woo , Choi Jeong Uk , Cho Young Seok , Kim Ha Rin , Won Tae Hyung , Dimitrion Peter , Jeon Ok‐Cheol , Kim Seong Who , Kim In‐San , Kim Sang Yoon , Byun Youngro
Published: June 2018

Tumor heterogeneity is associated with the therapeutic failures of targeted therapies. To overcome such heterogeneity, a novel targeted therapy is proposed that could kill tumor populations with diverse phenotypes by delivering nonselective cytotoxins to target‐positive cells as well as to the surrounding tumor cells via a recurrent bystander killing effect. A representative prodrug is prepared that targets integrin αvβ3 and releases cytotoxins upon entering cells or by caspase‐3. This allows the prodrug to kill integrin αvβ3‐positive cells and upregulate caspase‐3, which in turn, activates the prodrug to release a cytotoxin that could subsequently diffuse into and kill the neighboring tumor cells. Apoptotic cells further upregulate and release caspase‐3, which activate more prodrugs leading to another round of adjacent cell death and caspase‐3 release. Thus, the bystander killing effect could occur repeatedly, leading to augmented and widespread anticancer activity. This strategy provides an avenue that could advance the current targeted therapy.
Gold‐Catalyzed C–S Aryl‐Group Transfer in Zinc Finger Proteins
Authors: de Paiva Raphael E. F. , Du Zhifeng , Nakahata Douglas H. , Lima Frederico A. , Corbi Pedro P. , Farrell Nicholas P.
Published: June 2018

Reaction of the Au–C N chelate [Au(bnpy)Cl2] with the full‐length zinc finger (ZnF; ZnCys3His) of HIV nucleocapsid protein NCp7 results in C–S aryl transfer from the AuIII organometallic species to a cysteine of the ZnF. The reaction is general and occurs even for finger 3 of the transcription factor Sp1, containing a ZnCys2His2 coordination sphere. This reaction is the first demonstration of group transfer from a coordination compound to biologically important zinc fingers, and is especially noteworthy for the ZnCys2His2 transcription factors. The work expands the corpus of organometallic species which can efficiently modify biomolecules through C‐atom transfer. The electronic features of the gold compound leading to this unexpected reaction were explored by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy.
Improving the Frying Performance and Oxidative Stability of Refined Soybean Oil by Tocotrienol‐Rich Unsaponifiable Matters of Kolkhoung (Pistacia khinjuk) Hull Oil
Authors: Tavakoli Javad , Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin , Barba Francisco J. , Amorati Riccardo , Esmaeilzadeh Kenari Reza , Amarowicz Ryszard
Published: June 2018

Increasing consumer awareness for all natural products has quickly led to growing research on new resources of potent and profitable natural antioxidants. In this context, for the first time, the Kolkhoung hull oil (KHO) (Pistacia khinjuk)‐unsaponifiable matters (USM) (UHO) (100, 200, and 400 mg kg−1) were incorporated into refined soybean oil (RSO) and the oxidative stability of prepared oils was measured during 32 hours of frying. Then, the obtained results (oxidative stability) were compared to the samples containing tert‐butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) (100 mg kg−1) as a common synthetic antioxidant. According to the results of oxidative stability assays of acid values, conjugated diene values and carbonyl values, and total polar compounds, the incorporation of UHO, particularly at a concentration of 200 mg kg−1, was more efficient in improving the oxidative stability compared to TBHQ. The tocol content of KHO (2043.4 mg kg−1) was higher than the reported amounts of other conventional edible oils. Furthermore, by incorporation of UHO into RSO, as compared with TBHQ, a better protection of naturally occurring antioxidants (tocopherols and sterols) was found after adding UHO to RSO. This fact was mainly attributed to the UHO's tocotrienol fraction. Hence, the USM of KHO can be used as a potent antioxidant to improve the oxidative stability of frying oils.
Detection of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Adulteration With Edible Oils Using Front‐Face Fluorescence and Visible Spectroscopies
Authors: Tan Jin , Li Rong , Jiang Zi‐Tao , Shi Meng , Xiao Yi‐Qian , Jia Bin , Lu Tian‐Xiang , Wang Hao
Published: June 2018

Synchronous front‐face fluorescence and visible spectroscopies are utilized for the simple, rapid, and nondestructive quantification of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) adulteration with corn, soybean, and sunflower oils. For each adulterant, 42 adulterated EVOO samples in the adulterant amount in the range 1.0–50 g/100 g were prepared. The partial‐least‐squares regression was executed for quantification. Both full (leave‐one‐out) cross‐validation and external validation were performed to evaluate the predictive ability. The plots of observed vs. predicted values exhibit high linearity. The coefficient of determination (R2) values are larger than 0.99. The root mean square errors of both cross‐validation and prediction are no more than 2%. The detection limits for the three seed oils using fluorescence and visible spectroscopies are in the range of 1.5–2.2% and 1.8–2.4%, respectively. The merit of this method is that both the front‐face fluorescence and visible spectroscopies are recorded toward neat oils, avoiding any sample pretreatment including dilution.
Complete plastome sequences from Bertholletia excelsa and 23 related species yield informative markers for Lecythidaceae
Authors: Thomson Ashley M. , Vargas Oscar M. , Dick Christopher W.
Published: June 2018

Premise of the Study

The tropical tree family Lecythidaceae has enormous ecological and economic importance in the Amazon basin. Lecythidaceae species can be difficult to identify without molecular data, however, and phylogenetic relationships within and among the most diverse genera are poorly resolved.

Methods

To develop informative genetic markers for Lecythidaceae, we used genome skimming to de novo assemble the full plastome of the Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa) and 23 other Lecythidaceae species. Indices of nucleotide diversity and phylogenetic signal were used to identify regions suitable for genetic marker development.

Results

The B. excelsa plastome contained 160,472 bp and was arranged in a quadripartite structure. Using the 24 plastome alignments, we developed primers for 10 coding and non‐coding DNA regions containing exceptional nucleotide diversity and phylogenetic signal. We also developed 19 chloroplast simple sequence repeats for population‐level studies.

Discussion

The coding region ycf1 and the spacer rpl16‐rps3 outperformed plastid DNA markers previously used for barcoding and phylogenetics. Used in a phylogenetic analysis, the matrix of 24 plastomes showed with 100% bootstrap support that Lecythis and Eschweilera are polyphyletic. The plastomes and primers presented in this study will facilitate a broad array of ecological and evolutionary studies in Lecythidaceae.
Microsatellite marker development for the tetraploid Veronica aragonensis (Plantaginaceae) using next‐generation sequencing and high‐resolution melting analyses
Authors: Padilla‐García Nélida , Malvar‐Ferreras Teresa , Lambourdière Josie , Martínez‐Ortega M. Montserrat , Machon Nathalie
Published: June 2018

Premise of the Study

The tetraploid Veronica aragonensis (Plantaginaceae) is a narrow endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. Specific microsatellite markers were developed to investigate genetic structure and diversity.

Methods and Results

A total of 15 polymorphic markers were characterized on three populations of V. aragonensis, using a microsatellite‐enriched library on an Ion Torrent sequencer and high‐resolution melting (HRM) analyses to rapidly discard nonreliable, multicopy, and/or monomorphic loci. Allele number per locus ranged from one to five, and levels of observed heterozygosity per population varied from 0.142 ± 0.301 to 0.281 ± 0.369. Most primers also amplified in the closely related species V. rosea and in three subspecies of V. tenuifolia.

Conclusions

The species‐specific microsatellite markers developed here represent an essential tool to provide genetic information on the population level for V. aragonensis. The low levels of variation detected highlight the importance of continued efforts to improve conservation of the species.
Finding the pond through the weeds: eDNA reveals underestimated diversity of pondweeds
Authors: Kuzmina Maria L. , Braukmann Thomas W. A. , Zakharov Evgeny V.
Published: June 2018

Premise of the Study

The detection of environmental DNA (eDNA) using high‐throughput sequencing has rapidly emerged as a method to detect organisms from environmental samples. However, eDNA studies of aquatic biomes have focused on surveillance of animal species with less emphasis on plants. Pondweeds are important bioindicators of freshwater ecosystems, although their diversity is underestimated due to difficulties in morphological identification and monitoring.

Methods

A protocol was developed to detect pondweeds in water samples using atpB‐rbcL and ITS2 markers. The water samples were collected from the Grand River within the rare Charitable Research Reserve, Ontario (RARE). Short fragments were amplified using primers targeting pondweeds, sequenced on an Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine, and assigned to the taxonomy using a local DNA reference library and GenBank.

Results

We detected two species earlier documented at the experimental site during ecological surveys (Potamogeton crispus and Stuckenia pectinata) and three species new to the RARE checklist (P. foliosus, S. filiformis, and Zannichellia palustris).

Discussion

Our targeted approach to track the species composition of pondweeds in freshwater ecosystems revealed underestimation of their diversity. This result suggests that eDNA is an effective tool for monitoring plant diversity in aquatic habitats.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C−H Arylation versus 1,5‐Palladium Migration: A Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Misawa Nana , Tsuda Tomohiro , Shintani Ryo , Yamashita Koichi , Nozaki Kyoko
Published: June 2018

Theoretical investigations were carried out to elucidate the origin of chemoselectivity in the palladium‐catalyzed reactions of 2‐(dimethylphenylsilyl)phenyl triflates with or without an amino group at the 3‐position. The selective formation of a 5,10‐dihydrophenazasiline rather than a dibenzosilole from the substrate with an amino group at the 3‐position could be successfully explained by proposing a new 1,5‐palladium migration pathway that involves a neutral diorganopalladium(II) intermediate along with the subsequent formation of a low‐energy amine‐coordinated palladacycle intermediate prior to the C−N bond‐forming process.
Dose‐response study for the highly aggressive and metastatic primary F3II mammary carcinoma under direct current
Authors: González Maraelys M. , Morales Dasha F. , Cabrales Luis E. B. , Pérez Daniel J. , Montijano Juan I. , Castañeda Antonio R. S. , González Victoriano G. S. , Posada Oscar O. , Martínez Janet A. , Delgado Arlem G. , Martínez Karina G. , Mon Mayrel L. , Monzón Kalet L. , Ciria Héctor M. C. , Beatón Emilia O. , Brooks Soraida C. A. , González Tamara R. , Jarque Manuel V. , Mateus Miguel A. Ó. , Rodríguez Jorge L. G. , Calzado Enaide M.
Published: June 2018

Electrochemical treatment has been suggested as an effective alternative to local cancer therapy. Nevertheless, its effectiveness decreases when highly aggressive primary tumors are treated. The aim of this research was to understand the growth kinetics of the highly aggressive and metastatic primary F3II tumor growing in male and female BALB/c/Cenp mice under electrochemical treatment. Different amounts of electric charge (6, 9, and 18 C) were used. Two electrodes were inserted into the base, perpendicular to the tumor's long axis, keeping about 1 cm distance between them. Results have shown that the F3II tumor is highly sensitive to direct current. The overall effectiveness (complete response + partial response) of this physical agent was ≥75.0% and observed in 59.3% (16/27) of treated F3II tumors. Complete remission of treated tumors was observed in 22.2% (6/27). An unexpected result was the death of 11 direct current‐treated animals (eight females and three males). It is concluded that direct current may be addressed to significantly affect highly aggressive and metastatic primary tumor growth kinetics, including the tumor complete response. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:460–475, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photoswitching of Copper(I) Chromophores with Dithienylethene‐Based Ligands
Authors: Xu Zhen , Cao Yang , Patrick Brian O. , Wolf Michael O.
Published: June 2018

Metal‐containing dithienylethenes offer new opportunities for variations in photochromic behavior. This work reports a series of copper(I) complexes containing dithienylethene‐based bidentate phosphine ligands displaying varying photochromic properties. A copper dimer is used as a common precursor, allowing diverse photochromic functionality to be achieved. Calculations show that ring closing of the peripheral dithienyl moiety leads to a slight expansion of the five‐membered metallacycle. The photochromic properties and photoreaction quantum yields of these complexes are tunable by variation of the ancillary ligands. Photoswitchable catalysis of a hydroboration reaction with one of the copper complexes is demonstrated.
Obtaining a Low and Wide Atomic Layer Deposition Window (150–275 °C) for In2O3 Films Using an InIII Amidinate and H2O
Authors: Kim Sang Bok , Jayaraman Ashwin , Chua Danny , Davis Luke M. , Zheng Shao‐Liang , Zhao Xizhu , Lee Sunghwan , Gordon Roy G.
Published: June 2018

Indium oxide is a major component of many technologically important thin films, most notably the transparent conductor indium tin oxide (ITO). Despite being pyrophoric, homoleptic indium(III) alkyls do not allow atomic layer deposition (ALD) of In2O3 using water as a co‐precursor at substrate temperatures below 200 °C. Several alternative indium sources have been developed, but none allows ALD at lower temperatures except in the presence of oxidants such as O2 or O3, which are not compatible with some substrates or alloying processes. We have synthesized a new indium precursor, tris(N,N′‐diisopropylformamidinato)indium(III), compound 1, which allows ALD of pure, carbon‐free In2O3 films using H2O as the only co‐reactant, on substrates in the temperature range 150–275 °C. In contrast, replacing just the H of the anionic iPrNC(H)NiPr ligand with a methyl group (affording the known tris(N,N′‐diisopropylacetamidinato)indium(III), compound 2) results in a considerably higher and narrower ALD window in the analogous reaction with H2O (225–300 °C). Kinetic studies demonstrate that a higher rate of surface reactions in both parts of the ALD cycle gives rise to this difference in the ALD windows.
Radial Diffusers – Simulation of Three‐Dimensional Flow Effects with CFD (Part 2)
Authors: Findeisen Fabian , Urbaneck Thorsten , Platzer Bernd
Published: June 2018

Radialdiffusoren dienen der Be‐ und Entladung von thermischen Speichern und beeinflussen erheblich die Ausbildung der thermischen Schichtung. Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dreidimensionalen Strömungseffekten während des Schichtungsaufbaus in einem Warmwasserspeicher. Über dem Umfang des Radialdiffusorauslasses kann eine ungleich verteilte Ausströmung auftreten, die mit einer stärkeren Vermischung als bei einer rotationssymmetrischen Ausströmung einhergeht. Die Ursachen für diesen Effekt werden erläutert und Gegenmaßnahmen in Teil 3 der Veröffentlichungsreihe vorgestellt.
Transient manifestation of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction following ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Minamisaka Tomoko , Watanabe Tetsuya , Shinoda Yukinori , Ikeoka Kuniyasu , Fukuoka Hidetada , Inui Hirooki , Ueno Keisuke , Inoue Soki , Mine Kentaro , Hoshida Shiro
Published: June 2018

Background

In patients with atrial fibrillation, ablation decreases left atrial (LA) compliance, which may lead to left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. We aimed to examine serial changes in LV diastolic function after 2 ablation procedures and their related factors in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF).

Hypothesis

LV diastolic function is different after 2 ablation procedures.

Methods

We enrolled 132 patients with PAF (76 males, mean age 67 years; cryoballoon [CB] ablation/radiofrequency [RF] ablation 60/72) who underwent a single ablation procedure. The transthoracic echocardiographic parameters were obtained before, 3 days after, and 6 months after ablation.

Results

The afterload‐related index of LV diastolic function, Ed/Ea = E/e' / (0.9 × systolic blood pressure), increased significantly at 3 days after ablation, especially after CB ablation (P <0.05), although no differences were observed in age, sex, LA size, LV size, and E/e' before ablation between CB ablation and RF ablation. Creatine kinase release after ablation was significantly higher in CB ablation than in RF ablation (P <0.001). The increment of Ed/Ea after CB ablation was positively correlated with LV ejection fraction (LVEF) before ablation (r =0.416; P <0.05). The elderly (age ≥ 75 years), females, and patients with hypertension were more likely to show impaired LV diastolic function transiently after 3 days of ablation, but the diastolic index was restored to baseline level after 6 months.

Conclusions

The increased Ed/Ea after CB ablation represented transient manifestation of underlying LV diastolic dysfunction in PAF patients with preserved LVEF with older age, female sex, and a history of hypertension.
Phase 1 Study of the Pharmacology of BTI320 Before High‐Glycemic Meals
Authors: Luke David R. , Lee Karen Ka Yan , Rausch Carl W. , Cheng Camille
Published: June 2018

BTI320 is a proprietary fractionated mannan polysaccharide being studied for attenuation of postprandial glucose excursion. The apparent blood glucose‐lowering effect of this compound is effective in lowering postprandial hyperinsulinemia, participating in the metabolic regulation of other lipid molecules; the consequence of this activity is yet to be validated with BTI320 with respect to the risk of cardiovascular disease. The primary objective of the study was to determine the postprandial glucose and insulin responses to 3 test meals containing rice alone or consumed with BTI320 (study A) or 3 test meals (SpriteTM) alone or consumed with BTI320 (study B). Twenty overweight but otherwise healthy volunteers, 4 female and 6 male (mean age 29 years, BMI 27–28 kg/m2) in study A and 6 female and 4 male (mean age 32 years, BMI 25‐32 kg/m2) in study B participated in the BTI320 evaluations. Standardized postprandial response methodology was utilized. In study A the addition of 6‐ and 12‐g BTI320 tablets reduced postprandial glucose responses to white rice by 19% and 32% and reduced postprandial insulin responses by 16% and 24%, respectively (P ≤ .05). In study B 2.6 and 5.2 g BTI320 reduced the glycemic index by 10% and 14%, respectively, and led to 14% and 18% decreases in the insulinemic index of the soft drink (P ≤ .05). These 2 studies demonstrated that the consumption of BTI320 before carbohydrate food or sugary beverage significantly reduced postprandial glucose levels and insulin responses to that meal or beverage in a dose‐dependent manner.
Alternate Synthetic Pathway Leading to Isolation of a Dinuclear Single‐Molecule Magnet
Authors: Wei Jun‐Yu , Hsu Ting‐Jung , Wang Chia‐Wei , Kuo Che‐Jung , Lin Po‐Heng
Published: June 2018

Using the Schiff‐base ligand 1,5‐bis(salicylidene)carbohydrazide (H3bsc) a unique dinuclear dysprosium(III) compound, [Dy2(µ‐OH)(bsc) (NO3)2(DMF)3(H2O)]·THF·2DMF (1·THF·2DMF), has been synthesized. The structural and magnetic properties are fully studied and single‐molecule magnetic behavior with an energy barrier (Ueff = 123 K) has been observed.
2‐Acetyl‐1,3‐Diacyl–sn‐Glycerols with Unusual Acyl Composition in Seed Oils of the Genus Polygala
Authors: Smith Mark A. , Zhang Haixia , Burton Ian W. , Liu Chao , Cheng An‐Wei , Sun Jin‐Yue
Published: June 2018

Seed oils containing unusual triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules, where one fatty acid of a TAG is substituted by an acetate group (Ac), are uncommon but of considerable interest as potential low‐viscosity biofuels and lubricants or reduced calorie food ingredients. Although the properties and pathway of biosynthesis of 3‐acetyl‐1,2‐diacyl‐sn‐glycerols (sn‐3‐acTAGs) have been described, little is known about the occurrence of 2‐acetyl‐1,3‐diacyl‐sn‐glycerols (sn‐2‐acTAGs). Prompted by a report of sn‐2‐acTAGs in the seeds of Polygala virgata, a study of the seed oil of seven members of this genus, and two related species is conducted. The presence of sn‐2‐acTAG and lesser amounts of conventional TAG is conclusively demonstrated in Polygala seed oil by Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) and high resolution C13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (C13 NMR). Analysis of seed fatty acids reveals a diversity of composition with oils from P. myrtifolia and P. fruticosa dominated by the medium‐chain fatty acid (MCFA) myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid) at an average of 79.8 and 74.1% of total seed fatty acids, respectively. In contrast, MCFAs are absent from oils from P. tenuifolia and P. virgata, with the very‐long‐chain fatty acid (VLCFA) gondoic acid (cis‐11‐eicosenoic acid) being most abundant. Polygala species therefore represent a rich source of sn‐2‐acTAGs and uncommon fatty acids.

Practical applications: The seed oils of Polygala species contain a highly unusual combination of sn‐2‐acTAGs and uncommon fatty acids. These plants can serve as a unique genetic resource for the elucidation of the pathways of biosynthesis of these lipids and the identification of genes for the engineering of novel oils in transgenic plants. As Polygala is morphologically diverse genus ranging from annual herbs to small trees, identification of species with suitable seed production and agronomic characteristics may allow the commercial production of novel oils for specific higher value uses.

Plant seed oils are generally composed primarily of triacylglycerol (TAG). In this article, the authors examine the seed oils of seven species in the genus Polygala and report the occurrence of an unusual lipid, 2‐acetyl‐1,3‐diacyl–sn‐glycerol (sn‐2 acTAG). These plants also produce unusual fatty acids in their seed oil, with Polygala tenuifolia being enriched in gondoic acid (cis‐11‐eicosenoic acid, 20:1Δ11) and Polygala myrtifolia containing myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid, 14:0). The genus Polygala represents a potential source of novel oil and a resource for the characterization of sn‐2 acTAG biosynthesis.
Carbon molecular sieve based micro‐matrix‐solid‐phase dispersion for the extraction of polyphenols in pomegranate peel by UHPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS
Authors: Du Li‐Jing , Huang Jian‐Ping , Wang Bin , Wang Chen‐Hui , Wang Qiu‐Yan , Hu Yu‐Han , Yi Ling , Cao Jun , Peng Li‐Qing , Chen Yu‐Bo , Zhang Qi‐Dong
Published: June 2018

A rapid, simple, and efficient sample extraction method based on micro‐matrix‐solid‐phase dispersion (micro‐MSPD) was applied to the extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peel. Five target analytes were determined by ultra‐HPLC coupled with Q‐TOF/MS. Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) was firstly used as dispersant to improve extraction efficiency in micro‐MSPD. The major micro‐MSPD parameters, such as type of dispersant, amount of dispersant, grinding time, and the type and the volume of elution solvents, were studied and optimized. Under optimized conditions, 26 mg of pomegranate peel was dispersed with 32.5 mg of CMS, the grinding time was selected as 90 s, the dispersed sample was eluted with 100 μL of methanol. Results showed that the proposed method was of good linearity for concentrations of analytes against their peak areas (coefficient of determination r2 > 0.990), the LOD was as low as 3.2 ng/mL, and the spiking recoveries were between 88.1 and 106%. Satisfactory results were obtained for the extraction of gallic acid, punicalagin A, punicalagin B, catechin, and ellagic acid from pomegranate peel sample, which demonstrated nice reliability and high sensitivity of this approach.
Cobaltic Core‐Carbon Shell Nanoparticles/N‐Doped Graphene Composites as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Gao Qiao , Huang Ying , Han Xiaopeng , Qin Xiulan , Zhao Ming
Published: June 2018

The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) catalysts of fuel cells with low cost, high electrocatalytic properties are desirable but challenging. Herein, an effective and facile route was developed to synthesize cobaltic core‐carbon shell nanoparticles/N‐Doped Graphene (CS−Co/NGs), which can serve as efficient electrocatalysts for ORR. The MOFs in the process acted as the carbon source and nitrogen source, and the polyethyleneimine (PEI) was employed as another special nitrogen source which can also avoid aggregation of the MOFs, then composited with graphene and carbonized at different temperatures under Ar atmosphere, all samples showed electrocatalytic activity for ORRs in alkaline media. CS−Co/NG‐650 exhibited superior catalytic activity, the onset potential was −0.075 V and the half‐wave potential was −0.150 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), even 15 mV surpassed than that of Pt/C (0.165 V), it also displayed excellent long‐term durability and outstanding methanol tolerance. The superb catalytic performance was attributed to the generated mesoporous, the core‐shell nanostructure derived from MOFs, the proper nitrogen source and the high conductivity of the graphene carbon matrix.
Persistent reductions in the bioavailability of PCBs at a tidally inundated Phragmites australis marsh amended with activated carbon
Authors: Sanders James P. , Andrade Natasha A. , Menzie Charles A. , Amos C. Bennett , Gilmour Cynthia C. , Henry Elizabeth A. , Brown Steven S. , Ghosh Upal
Published: June 2018

In situ amendment of sediments with highly sorbent materials like activated carbon (AC) is an increasingly viable strategy to reduce the bioavailability of persistent, sediment-associated contaminants to benthic communities. Because in situ sediment remediation is an emerging strategy, much remains to be learned about the field conditions under which amendments can be effective, the resilience of amendment materials toward extreme weather conditions, and the optimal design of engineered applications. We report the results of a multiyear, pilot-scale field investigation designed to measure the persistence and efficacy of AC amendments to reduce the bioavailability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in an intertidal Phragmites marsh. The amendments tested were granular AC (GAC), GAC with a layer of sand, and a pelletized fine AC. Key metrics presented include vertically resolved black carbon concentrations in sediment and PCB concentrations in sediment, porewater, and several invertebrate species. The results demonstrate that all 3 amendments withstood Hurricane Sandy and remained in place for the duration of the study, successfully reducing porewater PCB concentrations by 34 to 97%. Reductions in invertebrate bioaccumulation were observed in all amendment scenarios, with pelletized fine AC producing the most pronounced effect. The present findings support the use of engineered AC amendments in intertidal marshes and can be used to inform amendment design, delivery, and monitoring at other contaminated sediment sites. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2496–2505. © 2018 SETAC
Evaluating a Stakeholder-Driven Bass Regulation Change in Florida: Agency Staff and Stakeholder Perspectives
Authors: Morales Nia A , Martin Allen
Published: June 2018

We evaluated stakeholder engagement aspects of a statewide Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides regulation change in Florida. Staff from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) who worked on the project and stakeholders who participated in outreach were interviewed and/or surveyed about their opinions of the process. This was the largest stakeholder engagement process ever conducted by FWC for freshwater fisheries management decision making; therefore, an evaluation was critical to measure the success of the process and to inform future stakeholder engagement. Staff reflected positively on the process but noted breakdowns in communication and a lack of human dimensions expertise. Stakeholders felt that their input was appreciated and used by the agency to aid in decision making. This evaluation illustrates where the project was effective and areas where improvements can be made for future projects.
Heating of Low and High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells with Alternating Current
Authors: Kurz T. , Küfner F. , Gerteisen D.
Published: June 2018

An innovative method for heating proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks during start‐up by direct heating of the cells is presented and investigated. By imposing an alternating current on the stack, heat is generated locally depending on the internal cell resistance. It is shown, that an alternating current (AC) perturbation with a suitable high frequency mainly heats the ohmic resistors which are membrane and contact interfaces. The electrodes are protected from voltage cycling, due to (de)charging currents of the double layer capacitances at high frequency. This AC heating technique is applied on a 6‐cell low temperature (LT) PEMFC stack and a 30‐cell high temperature (HT) PEMFC stack, both with an active area of approximately 30 cm2. Both stacks are heated under realistic temperature conditions, the LTPEMFC stack from sub‐zero temperatures to 40 °C and the HTPEMFC stack from room temperature to 120 °C. Heating times are shown and discussed for different stack geometries and voltages. In both cases, this strategy leads to a short and efficient heating, as the cells are heated directly and not externally by coolant or other stack components.
Well‐being and pressures of daily life in two West Bank villages—Exploring context and history
Authors: Rabaia Yoke , de Jong Joop , Abdullah Anita , Giacaman Rita , van de Ven Peter
Published: June 2018

Interest in the well‐being of people exposed to long‐term violence and conflict has tended to focus on measurable effects of acute traumatic events, while attention to the pressures of their daily living context is relatively new. Using qualitative and quantitative data from a 2005 survey of all female family caretakers in 2 neighbouring Israeli‐occupied West Bank villages (n = 820), we explored the associations of demographic, health‐related and contextual factors with reported pressures and WHO‐5 well‐being index scores. The final model explained 17.8% of the variance with negative associations between health‐related factors (“back‐aches,” “stomach aches” “psychological illness in the family”) and family‐related factors (“male head of household aggressive”, “male head of household physically violent”) and the WHO‐5 well‐being index scores. We found positive associations between socio‐economic factors (“standard of living”; “number of rooms”) and village‐related factors (“residency in village A/B”) and the WHO‐5 well‐being index score. Exploring the daily living context of villages A and B illuminated how the impact of historical and political events differed, even in villages that are geographically close. The paper lends support to calls for including politics and history in research on well‐being in contexts of long‐term violence and conflict.
ILA2017 Standards: Key Notions, Challenges, and Opportunities for Middle and High School Classroom Teachers
Authors: Kern Diane , Bean Rita M.
Published: June 2018

The cochairs of the International Literacy Association’s 2017 Standards provide a hands‐on guide to using the updated standards for middle and high school classroom teachers. The authors discuss four key notions: Disciplinary literacy instruction enhances content area learning, culturally responsive instruction is critical in our diverse society, the concept of literacy is expanding and changing, and professional learning provides for both personal and organizational growth. The authors share updated references, teaching scenarios, examples of practical implications for classroom teachers across the disciplines, and considerations for teacher educators. The piece concludes with the challenges and opportunities that the new standards present.
Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Some New Fused Pyrazoles and Their Glycoside Derivatives
Authors: Nassar Ibrahim F. , El Farargy Ahmed F. , Abdelrazek Fathy M.
Published: June 2018

4‐(4‐Chlorobenzylidene)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrazol‐3‐one 3a and 4‐(3,4‐dimethoxybenzylidene)‐5‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrazol‐3‐one 3b were prepared and were reacted with phenylhydrazine, thiosemicarbazide, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, ethyl acetoacetate, diethylmalonate, malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate, and thiourea yielding fused pyrazole derivatives. Some of the new compounds were reacted with cyclic and acyclic sugars to produce new S‐, O‐, and N‐glycoside derivatives. The antitumor activity against the human breast cancer cells (MCF‐7) was assessed. Four of the new compounds showed IC50 values less than those of the positive control, indicating that these four compounds are better anticancer agents than doxorubicin.