bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching and learning adaptive hydrometallurgy-nanohydrometallurgy
Authors: Pesic B.
Published: November 2007

The weakness of the U.S. mining industry has caused a significant decline in academic programs in mining and metallurgical engineering in the U.S. The author?s view on the reasons for such weaknesses is presented in a historical prospective covering some key events within the last 30 years. Arguably, the decline of U.S. mining industry is due to many reasons, the most important being the lack of modernization, the difficulty to comply with stringent environmental laws, and global market forces, are the most important. The importance of emerging nanotechnologies is viewed as an opportunity for the evolution of one component of metallurgical engineering - hydrometallurgy - into nanohydrometallurgy, thus extending its viability.
The investigation of the kinetics of hydrochemical oxidation of metal sulphides with the aim of determination of the optimal conditions for the selective extraction of molybdenum from ores
Authors: Lutsik V. , Sobolev A.
Published: November 2007

The kinetics of the oxidation of molybdenyte, pyrite and sphalerite in solutions of nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium hypochlorite was studied by the rotating disk method. The influence of the molar concentration of reagent, pH of solution, temperature, disk rotation frequency, and duration of measurements on the specific rate of hydrochemical oxidation of sulpfides was determined. The kinetic models allowing to calculate the dissolution rate of sulphides when these parameters change simultaneously were obtained. The conditions of kinetically and diffusion-controlled processes were detected. The details of mechanism of the studied processes were revealed. The nature of intermediate solid products, the reasons and the conditions of their formation as well as the character of their influence on the kinetics of dissolution processes were determined. The probable schemes of interactions corresponding to the observable kinetic dependences were offered. The conditions of the effective and selective molybdenum leaching directly from ore without its concentration were found.
Intensification of zinc dissolution process in sulphuric acid
Authors: Stanojevic D. , Toskovic D. , Rajkovic M.B.
Published: November 2007

Many high purity salts are produced by dissolving pure metal in non-oxidizing mineral acids. If hydrogen overpotential on the given metal is high, then the rate of overall process is defined by reaction of hydrogen ion reduction. This study investigated the possibility of accelerated dissolving of metal zinc in sulphuric acid by introducing copper cathode on which evolving hydrogen is much easier than on zinc. It was found out that the acceleration of zinc dissolving is possible and, at constant surface of copper cathode depends on the quality of electrical contact between copper electrode and zinc.
The influence of concentration of Nd-Fe-B powder in composite coating of optical fiber to the sensibility to external magnetic field
Authors: Radojevic Vesna , Serbez T. , Aleksic R. , Nedeljkovic D. , Brajovic Lj.
Published: November 2007

Multi-mode optical fiber with magnetic composite coating was investigated as an optical fiber sensor element (OFMSE) for magnetic field sensing The composite coating was formed with dispersions of permanent magnet powder of Nd-Fe-B in poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)-EVA solutions in toluene. The influence of the applied external magnetic field on the change of intensity of the light signal propagate trough developed optical fibers sensor element was investigated. In this paper the influence of the content of magnetic powder in the composite coating on the optical propagation characteristics of optical fiber were particularly investigated.
Interactions of Cu-substrates with titanium-alloyed Sn-Zn solders
Authors: Soares D. , Barbosa J. , Vilarinho C.
Published: November 2007

The interactions of copper substrate with titanium-alloyed Sn-Zn eutectic solders have been studied. Two series of experiments have been performed. The first one consisted in differential thermal analyses of Sn-Zn nearly eutectic alloys containing from 1.3 to 2.2 wt. % Ti. Diffusion couples consisted of Cu-wires and Sn-Zn-Ti liquid solders, produced at 250 and 275 OC have been prepared in the second series,. The contact times were up to 3600 s. The contact zones have been characterized by optical and scanning electron microscope. Two layers have been found along the interfaces solid/liquid. The first and the second layers are identical, respectively, with ? and ? phases of the Cu-Zn system. No changes of the chemical compositions were detected for the tested temperatures and reaction times. Continuous parabolic growth of the total diffusion zone thickness with the time of diffusion is observed. The growth is due mainly to one the formed layers (? ) while the thickness of the ?-phase layer, stays almost constant for all tested diffusion times and temperatures.
The influence of non-ideal phase flow on the extraction efficiency for the case of a linear equilibrium distribution
Authors: Tadic G. , Gligoric M. , Tolic A.
Published: November 2007

The influence of the fundamental parameters of non-ideal phase flow and the extraction parameters on the number of equilibrium stages - ND, theoretical stages - NT, as well as the number of stages (ND - NT), the existence of which is a consequence of the backflow in extractors, was investigated. The calculated number of stages (ND - NT) served as a measure of the influence of the denoted parameters on the extraction efficiency. The results of the investigation indicate that the number of stages (ND - NT) considerably increased with increasing backmixing coefficients and that the dependence was linear. It was established that the increase of the ratio of the flow rate of the heavy and light phase and the decrease of the equilibrium distribution coefficient, as well as the increase of the total separation factor, led to an exponential increase of the number of stages in the extractor, which consequently caused a decrease in the extraction efficiency.
A unified approach to deconvolution radiation spectra measured by radiochromic films
Authors: Stancic Velimir , Secerov Bojana , Ljubenov Vladan
Published: November 2007

A method for the evaluation of energy distribution of a radiation source on the basis of measured space distribution of deposited energy is proposed. The measured data were obtained by using radiochromic films. Mathematical modeling is defined as a Fredholm integral equation inversion problem. Negative solutions were treated as an additional condition expressed through undefined energy group boundaries, caused by virtue of the physical phenomenon of statistical uncertainty. Examples are given of the electron source and neutron radiation field.
Analysis of the peach bottom 2 BWR turbine trip experiment by RELAP 5/3.2 code
Authors: Bousbia-Salah Anis , D'auria Francesko
Published: November 2007

This paper presents the results of the application of the system of the thermalhydraulic code RELAP5/Mod3.2 in predicting the Peach Bottom Boiling Water Reactor Turbine Trip test. This experiment constitutes a challenge to the capabilities of current computational tools in realistically predicting transient scenarios in nuclear power plants. In fact, it involves strong feedback during the transient between thermalhydraulics and neutronics. In this respect, a reference case was run in order to simulate the interactions between the generated steam line pressure wave propagation and the instantaneous core void distribution. An overall comparison shows good agreement between the code calculations and the experimental data. A series of sensitivity analyses were also performed in order to assess the code prediction features, as well as to identify uncertainties related to the adopted thermalhydraulic parameters used for the plant modelisation.
Direct discrete method and its application to neutron transport problems
Authors: Vosoughi Naser , Salehi Akbar , Shahriari Majid , Tonti Enzo
Published: November 2007

The objective of this paper is to introduce a new direct method for neutronic calculations. This method, called direct discrete method, is simpler than the application of the neutron transport equation and more compatible with the physical meanings of the problem. The method, based on the physics of the problem, initially runs through meshing of the desired geometry. Next, the balance equation for each mesh interval is written. Considering the connection between the mesh intervals, the final discrete equation series are directly obtained without the need to pass through the set up of the neutron transport differential equation first. In this paper, one and multigroup neutron transport discrete equation has been produced for a cylindrical shape fuel element with and without the associated clad and the coolant regions each with two different external boundary conditions. The validity of the results from this new method is tested against the results obtained by the MCNP-4B and the ANISN codes.
Evolution of radon dose evaluation
Authors: Fujimoto Kenzo
Published: November 2007

The historical change of radon dose evaluation is reviewed based on the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) reports. Since 1955, radon has been recognized as one of the important sources of exposure of the general public. However, it was not really understood that radon is the largest dose contributor until 1977 when a new concept of effective dose equivalent was introduced by International Commission on Radiological Protection. In 1982, the dose concept was also adapted by UNSCEAR and evaluated per caput dose from natural radiation. Many researches have been carried out since then. However, lots of questions have remained open in radon problems, such as the radiation weighting factor of 20 for alpha rays and the large discrepancy of risk estimation among dosimetric and epidemiological approaches.
Distribution of uranium, thorium, and isotopic composition of uranium in soil samples of south Serbia: Evidence of depleted uranium
Authors: Sahoo Sarata , Fujimoto Kenzo , Celikovic Igor , Ujic Predrag , Zunic Zora
Published: November 2007

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and thermal ionization mass spectrom - etry were used to measure concentration of uranium and thorium as well as isotopic composition of uranium respectively in soil samples collected around south Serbia. An analytical method was established for a routine sample preparation procedure for uranium and thorium. Uranium was chemically separated and purified from soil samples by anion exchange resin and UTEVA extraction chromatography and its isotopic composition was measured using a thermal ionization mass spectrometry. There was a little deviation of U/Th ratio from the average values in some soil samples. Presence of 236U as well as depleted uranium was observed in 235U/238U ratio measurement in the same soil sample.
Three-dimensional high dose rate dosimetry of pulsed electron beams: The combined radiochromic film and calorimetric measurments
Authors: Secerov Bojana , Bacic Goran
Published: November 2007

We present an evaluation of the precision and accuracy of image-based radiochromic film dosimetry. A stack of radiochromic film FWT-60 was used to map a radiation field produced by an electron pulse from a Febetron 707 accelerator (dose rate around 5?1011Gy/s; maximum dose around 160 kGy). The three-dimensional dose distribution was obtained by a He-Nescanning-laser microdensitometer and using image segmentation and correction for non-linear response of films. Calorimetry and electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry were used to verify the results obtained with a FWT-60 film.
Transport theory and systems theory
Authors: Rastovic Danilo
Published: November 2007

The simulation of singular nonlinear transport equation is obtained via corresponding neutron or photon kinetic equation. The conditions for convergence of the non stationary transport process to ward the pure dif fusion across the equilibriums are presented. For such purpose the method of transport scattering is exploited. The goal of these results is optimization of fusion fuels via neutron diagnostics.
Agent code: Neutron transport benchmark example and extension to 3D lattice geometry
Authors: Hursin Mathieu , Jevremovic Tatjana
Published: November 2007

The general methodology be hind 2D arbitrary geometry neutron transport AGENT code is the theory of R-functions, which al lows for simple modeling of complex geometries, and the method of characteristics, which solves the integral transport equation along characteristic neutron trajectories. This paper focuses on the extension of the methodology to ac count for 3D lattice geometries. Since the direct application of method of characteristics to 3D non-homogenized core con figuration may re quire a tremendous amount of memory and computing time, an alternative approximate solution based on coupling 2D method of characteristics and 1D diffusion solution is developed. The planar 2D method of characteristics and axial 1D diffusion solutions are coupled through the trans verse leak age. The use of a lower order 1D solution in the axial direction is justified by the fact that more heterogeneity in current PWR and BWR reactor cores occurs in the radial direction than in the axial one. In order to demonstrate the versatility and accuracy of the AGENT code, a 2D heterogeneous lattice problem, C5G7 is described in details. A theoretical description of the coupling methodology for 3D method of characteristics solution is followed by preliminary validation in comparison to the DeCART code.
Measurements of radio frequent cavity volt ages by X-ray spectrum measurements
Authors: Toprek Dragan
Published: November 2007

This paper deals with X-ray spectrum measurement as a method for the measurement of radio frequent cavity voltage and the theory of X-ray spectrum calculation. Experimental results at 72 MHz for three different values of the radio frequent power of ACCEL K250 super conducting cyclotron are being presented.
Beam stripping extraction from the VINCY cyclotron
Authors: Ristic-Djurovic Jasna , Cirkovic Sasa , Kosutic Djordje
Published: November 2007

The extraction system of a cyclotron guides an ion beam from a spiral acceleration orbit, through an extraction trajectory, into a high energy transport line. The two methods commonly used to direct an ion into the extraction path are deflection, by the electric field of an electrostatic deflector, and ion stripping, by a thin carbon foil. Compared to the electrostatic deflector system, the stripping extraction provides a fast and easy change of the extracted ion energy and is easier to manufacture operate, and maintain. However, the extraction trajectory and dynamics of an ion beam after stripping are highly dependant on the ion energy and specific charge. Thus, when a multipurpose machine such as the VINCY Cyclotron is concerned, it is far from easy to deliver a variety of ion beams into the same high energy transport line and at the same time preserve a reasonable compactness of the extraction system. The front side stripping extraction system of the VINCY Cyclotron provides high (~70 MeV) and mid (~30 MeV) energy protons, as well as a number of heavy ions in broad energy ranges. The back side stripping extraction system extracts low energy protons (~18 MeV) and enables their simultaneous use with high energy protons at the front side of the machine.
Preliminary results of ion trajectory tracking in the acceleration region of the VINCY cyclotron
Authors: Ilic Andjelija , Ristic-Djurovic Jasna , Cirkovic Sasa
Published: November 2007

In an accelerating region of a cyclotron, an ion makes a large number of turns; thus, its n the Runge-Kutta method of the fourth order with the adaptive time step has been developed. The accuracy requirement is simultaneously set on position and momentum calculation. Magnetic fields used as inputs, have been evaluated in terms of the radial fluctuations of the orbital frequency, i.e. their isochronisms. Ion trajectory tracking has been performed for the following four test beams: H-, H+3, 4He+, He+, and 40Ar6+.
Staff dose calculation during a cobalt-60 source stuck
Authors: Massoud Eman , Diab Hanan
Published: November 2007

One of the most postulated accidents in 60Co radiotherapy units is the source getting stuck, where one or more of the staff should enter the treatment room to deal with the problem. For such an accident, an emergency plan is important. A three-dimensional model of a 60Co therapy room has been done using the Monte Carlo code MCNP4B. The radiation safety measures taken and the drawings of the device are given together with suggestions for future use of the source for irradiation purposes. Moreover, the calculated results were compared with those of an experimental study dealing with this problem and were found to be in very good agreement.
Thermal-hydraulic modeling of reactivity accidents in MTR reactors
Authors: Khater Hany , Abu-El-Maty Talal , El-Morshdy El-Din
Published: November 2007

This paper describes the development of a dynamic model for the thermal-hydraulic analysis of MTR research reactors during a reactivity insertion accident. The model is formulated for coupling reactor kinetics with feedback reactivity and reactor core thermal-hydraulics. To represent the reactor core, two types of channels are considered, average and hot channels. The developed computer program is compiled and executed on a personal computer, using the FORTRAN language. The model is validated by safety-related benchmark calculations for MTR-TYPE reactors of IAEA 10 MW generic reactor for both slow and fast reactivity insertion transients. A good agreement is shown between the present model and the benchmark calculations. Then, the model is used for simulating the uncontrolled withdrawal of a control rod of an ETRR-2 reactor in transient with over power scram trip. The model results for ETRR-2 are analyzed and discussed.
Radiation shielding aspects for long manned mission to space: Criteria, survey study, and preliminary model
Authors: Sztejnberg Manuel , Xiao Shanjie , Satvat Nader , Limón Felisa , Hopkins John , Jevremovic Tatjana
Published: November 2007

The prospect of manned space missions outside Earth's orbit is limited by the travel time and shielding against cosmic radiation. The chemical rockets currently used in the space program have no hope of propelling a manned vehicle to a far away location such as Mars due to the enormous mass of fuel that would be required. The specific energy available from nuclear fuel is a factor of 106 higher than chemical fuel; it is therefore obvious that nuclear power production in space is a must. On the other hand, recent considerations to send a man to the Moon for a long stay would require a stable, secured and safe source of energy (there is hardly anything beyond nuclear power that would provide a useful and reliably safe sustainable supply of energy). National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) anticipates that the mass of a shielding material required for long travel to Mars is the next major design driver. In 2006 NASA identified a need to assess and evaluate potential gaps in existing knowledge and understanding of the level and types of radiation critical to astronauts' health during the long travel to Mars and to start a comprehensive study related to the shielding design of a spacecraft finding the conditions for the mitigation of radiation components contributing to the doses beyond accepted limits. In order to reduce the overall space craft mass, NASA is looking for the novel, multi-purpose and multi-functional materials that will provide effective shielding of the crew and electronics on board. The Laboratory for Neutronics and Geometry Computation in the School of Nuclear Engineering at Purdue University led by Prof. Tatjana Jevremovic began in 2004 the analytical evaluations of different lightweight materials. The preliminary results of the design survey study are presented in this paper.
Comparison between the calculated and measured dose distributions for four beams of 6 MeV linac in a human-equivalent phantom
Authors: Reda Sonia , Massoud Eman , Bashter Ibrahem , Amin Esmat
Published: November 2007

Radiation dose distributions in various parts of the body are of importance in radiotherapy. Also, the percent depth dose at different body depths is an important parameter in radiation therapy applications. Monte Carlo simulation techniques are the most accurate methods for such purposes. Monte Carlo computer calculations of photon spectra and the dose ratios at surfaces and in some internal organs of a human equivalent phantom were performed. In the present paper, dose distributions in different organs during bladder radiotherapy by 6 MeV X-rays were measured using thermoluminescence dosimetry placed at different points in the human-phantom. The phantom was irradiated in exactly the same manner as in actual bladder radiotherapy. Four treatment fields were considered to maximize the dose at the center of the target and minimize it at non-target healthy organs. All experimental setup information was fed to the MCNP-4b code to calculate dose distributions at selected points inside the proposed phantom. Percent depth dose distribution was performed. Also, the absorbed dose as ratios relative to the original beam in the surrounding organs was calculated by MCNP-4b and measured by thermoluminescence dosimetry. Both measured and calculated data were compared. Results indicate good agreement between calculated and measured data inside the phantom. Comparison between MCNP-4b calculations and measurements of depth dose distribution indicated good agreement between both.
General plan for the partial dismantling of the IRT-Sofia research reactor
Authors: Apostolov Tihomir , Anastasova Elka
Published: November 2007

After the decision of the Bulgarian Government to reconstruct it, the strategy concerning the IRT-Sofia Research Reactor is to partially dismantle the old systems and equipment. The removal of the reactor core and replacement of old equipment will not pose any significant problems. For a more efficient use of existing resources, there is a need for an engineering project which has been already prepared under the title "General Plan for the Partial Dismantling of Equipment at the IRT-Sofia as a Part of the Reconstruction into a Low Power RR".
Radiation protection by an isoflavone, genistein: A study on the survivability of mice
Authors: Bhatia Lal , Gaur Ajay , Sharma Avadhesh
Published: November 2007

The radioprotective effects of an acute administration of the isoflavone genistein (4?, 5, 7-trihydroxyflavone), have been investigated in the present study. Male mice were administered with different doses (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg body weight) of genistein 24 hours prior to 8 Gy gamma irradiation and the 200 mg/kg dose of genistein was determined to offer the maximum survivability and was used as an optimum dose for further experimentation. The 0.5 ml dose of genistein (200 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to 2 different groups of mice, 15 minutes and 24 hours prior to gamma irradiation. In the mice treated with genistein with the optimum dose 24 hours before irradiation, a significant increase in 30 day survival has been recorded in contrast to the mice treated with genistein 15 minutes before the irradiation. The longer survivability (i. e. 20% for a period of more than 30 days) has been observed in the 24 hour group as compared to that of 15 minutes (i. e. 20% for 22 days). Although the radioprotective effect of genistein was evident in both groups, it was of greater magnitude in the group with a longer interval, indicating thereby an efficacy with longer retention with the possible minimum toxicity, unlike hitherto known other radioprotective agents.
Number albedo of low-energy photons for water, aluminum, and iron
Authors: Ljubenov Vladan , Simovic Rodoljub , Markovic Srpko , Ilic Radovan
Published: November 2007

Number albedo of water, aluminum, and iron for incident photons in the energy range from 20 keV to 100 keV is presented in this paper. The results are obtained through Monte Carlo simulations of photon reflection by using MCNP-4C, FOTELP-2K3, and PENELOPE-2005 computer codes. The calculated values are compared with the classical data published by B. P. Bulatov and his collaborators. The influence of fluorescence yield to the photon number albedo of an iron target at the initial photon energies below 40 keV is detected and analyzed.
Stone raw materials in the Vinca culture: Petrographic analysis of assemblage from Vinca and Belovode
Authors: Antonovic Dragana , Resimic-Saric Kristina , Cvetkovic Vladica
Published: November 2007

This paper shows the results of petrographic analyses of raw materials used for making the ground stone industry implements in two Vinca culture sites Vinca and Belovode. The assemblages from the aforementioned sites feature a number of specific characteristics. In Vinca, in late strata, a kind of devaluation in the selection of stone raw materials is registered, which is closely related to the decline in quality of stone processing and may be a consequence of territorial narrowing of the Vinca culture per se in its later phases, and of introduction of metallurgy in everyday life. For this reason an analogy with the Belovode site was made, which subsists only throughout the early phase of the Vinca culture and is doubtlessly a metallurgic settlement. Petrographic analyses of the raw materials from which ground stone tools used to be made at the Vinca and Belovode sites are only a part of the commenced petro-archaeological research. They imply that further investigations should focuses on field work, principally in the vicinity of the sites themselves. Primarily by petrographic, and, as applicable, by other analyses of samples brought from the field work, and by comparison of the tools, it could be possible to define more precisely the territory from which the raw materials originated.
Heuristic approach to train rescheduling
Authors: Mladenovic Snezana , Cangalovic Mirjana
Published: November 2007

Starting from the defined network topology and the timetable assigned beforehand, the paper considers a train rescheduling in respond to disturbances that have occurred. Assuming that the train trips are jobs, which require the elements of infrastructure - resources, it was done by the mapping of the initial problem into a special case of job shop scheduling problem. In order to solve the given problem, a constraint programming approach has been used. A support to fast finding "enough good" schedules is offered by original separation, bound and search heuristic algorithms. In addition, to improve the time performance, instead of the actual objective function with a large domain, a surrogate objective function is used with a smaller domain, if there is such. .
The icon of the Holy Virgin Vatopedini with a portrait of Voevoda Ioan Radul
Authors: Masnic Mirjana
Published: November 2007

In this article, the author discusses iconography and stylistic characteristic of the icon featuring the Virgin Vatopedini with the Hungarian-Wallachian Voevoda loan Radul. The icon is treasured in the cathedral church of the Holy martyr Demetrios in Bitola. In more recent times, a new layer was painted over the icon, but not so long ago the icon was restored to its original condition. The inscriptions on the icon reveal that the Voevoda was a "new ktetor" of Vatopedi and also testify the painting was completed on November 28, 1502. The representation of the enthroned Virgin with the infant Christ sitting in her lap, flanked by St John Prodromes and the founder, belongs to the iconography of Deesis. Its stylistic features indicate that in most probability it was the work by a Cretan painter from the Ritzos family.
Julian's strategy in AD 361
Authors: Dusanic Slobodan
Published: November 2007

Both Roman generals and modern historians have tended to find Julian's moves in the civil war of AD 361 hazardous as well as difficult to understand. This is especially true of his long, ultra-rapid and semi-clandestine journey down the Danube, which was carried out by a dangerously small corps (under the command of the Usurper himself !) and ended with a very brief visit to Sirmium. A competent and, otherwise, cautious general, Julian must have had strong reasons for the risky haste that led him to Sirmium. These reasons were not primarily of a military nature, though enlistment of fresh troops and formation of vexillationes was among the measures he undertook/ initiated in the Pannonian metropolis. A (neglected) passage (13. 287 a) of his Letter to the Athenians (? mainly written during the river journey but sent from Sirmium itself) implies that his visit to Sirmium was chiefly caused by his urgent need to secure the rich mines of precious metals managed by that city (mines situated in the Drinus valley and the Mt. Cer area), as well as silver and gold objects (coins, ingots, plates etc.) stored in Sirmium, which had a mint and the metal officinae of its own. All this would help him i.a. distribute the donativa, already promised to his soldiers and officers. Analogous strategies, inspired by the old experience that the pecunia and/or metalla is/are nervus belli civilis, left traces in the sources describing the wars between Constantine I and Licinius, Vitellius and Vespasian, Otho and Vitellius ? to cite the most illustrative examples only.
Ilustracija Druge uskrsnje homilije Grigorija Bogoslova
Authors: Miljkovic Bojan
Published: November 2007

(francuski) L'illustration de la Deuxi?me hom?lie pascale de Gr?goire de Nazianze a trouv? place dans plusieurs manuscrits byzantins dat?s du IXe au XIVe si?cle et sur une fresque dat?e de 1294/95 ornant la calotte du narthex de l'?glise de la Vierge P?ribleptos ? Ochrid. Le contenu iconographique complexe de cette vision trouve son explication dans le texte m?me de l'hom?lie de Gr?goire le Th?ologien, ainsi que dans les commentaires dus ? la plume d'?crivains tardifs : Jean Damsc?ne, Basile Le Minime, Georges Moc?nos, Michel Psellos et Nic?tas d'H?racl?e.
Raska kraljevina
Authors: Kalic Jovanka
Published: November 2007

(francuski) La d?signation de l'ancien l'Etat serbe m?di?val comme le Regnum Rasciae, Regnum Rasse, remonte au couronnement royal du grand joupan Stefan Nemanjic en 1217, lorsque ce souverain coiffa la couronne envoy?e par le pape Honorius III. Elle appara?t donc au lendemain de l'effondrement de l'Empire byzantin ? la suite de la prise de Constantinople par les participants de la Quatri?me croisade (1204). Le couronnement du premier roi serbe eut lieu dans l'?glise des Saints-Ap?tres-Pierre-et-Paul ? Ras (sis aux abords de Novi Pazar, ce sanctuaire est aujourd'hui connu sous le nom de Petrova crkva ? ?glise de St.-Pierre). Avant m?me 1217 cette ?glise avait d?j? jou? un r?le notable dans l'histoire de la Serbie. Durant des si?cles elle avait en effet abrit? la chaire de l'?v?que de Rascie, qui longtemps releva de l'archev?ch? d'Ochrid, alors que la place fortifi?e de Ras faisait elle-m?me office de centre eccl?siastique et ?tatique de la Serbie au XII?me si?cle. C'est notamment d'apr?s son nom que l'Etat serbe est souvent appel? Royaume de Rascie dans les sources latines. Apr?s l'instauration de l'archev?ch? serbe autoc?phale (1219) et la construction du monast?re de Zica avec son ?glise d?di?e ? l'Ascension du Christ, le roi de Serbie Stefan Nemanjic, plus connu comme Stefan le Premier Couronn?, prescrit dans la charte de foundation de ce monast?re (charte d?livr?e vers 1224) que cette nouvelle ?glise serait le lieu de couronnement des futurs souverains de Serbie. Parall?lement l'?glise du monast?re de Zica devint le si?ge des archev?ques de Serbie et acquit avec le temps un grand prestige dans le pays. Le r?le de saint Sava dans la foundation et la cr?ation de ce nouveau centre eccl?siastique fut d'un poids d?cisif. .
Who was despot Tornik in the graphite of the scribe Nestor
Authors: Tomovic Gordana
Published: November 2007

In the church of Saint George in the village Gornji Kozjak near Stip on the fresco-icon of Jesus Christ Antiphonetes (the Guarantor) on the south face of the northwest pier there was found the graphite inscription made by the scribe Nestor in the time of despot Tornik. The analysis and the quality of fresco painting as well as the morphology of letters indicate the period between the last decades of XIII and the very beginning of the XIV century. These enable the identification of despot Tornik with the famous apostate from Byzantium Kotanitzes Tornikios who twice run over to Serbian territory. Together with Serbian troops he has been devastating the border region between Serbia and Byzantium for nearly twenty years (1280-1299). He led exciting and adventurous life and become settled in the lower valley of the river Bregalnica. His long Serbian episode was finished when the king Milutin changed his political orientation towards Byzantium and Kotanitzes became too heavy burden for both sides. He was sacrificed and delivered to Byzantine emperor Andronicus II in 1299, when long negotiations about the wedding between the king Milutin and the Byzantine child ? princess Simonida were completed. Kotanitzes was still in prison in 1306. .
What the West has won by the Fall of Byzantium?
Authors: Birnbaum Marianna
Published: November 2007

After the Fall of Byzantium, a large number of Greek humanists arrived in Europe. They greatly affected the study of Greek language and thought in the whole of Europe. This paper investigates three main areas of their influence: teaching, translating, and publishing.
Republikanski Rim u politickoj misli Mihaila Psela
Authors: Dzelebdzic Dejan
Published: November 2007

(grcki) ??? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???????????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??????, ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? '??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ??????. *?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? 2003 ??? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? "??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????", ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ?. ???????????. ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ????, ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????. ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ???.
Components of West European feudalism in the writings of Anna Komnine
Authors: Draskovic Marko
Published: November 2007

In her "Alexiad", Anna Komnine had left various fragmented statements from witch we noticed her knowledge of many components of west European feudalism. By reciprocal comparison of Anna's statements and by analysis of separate Anna's statements on the ground of west European feudalism's erudition, we managed to prove, notice or verify Anna's knowledge of the following components: homage, vassal's oath of fealty, "ordinary" vassal liege vassal, feudal curia, feudal consilium, feudal primo?geniture, ordeal by battle, count, sergeant, constable, chevalier. Also, we tried to establish the concrete details witch Anne had known about each of these components.
Painters of the endowments of the Lazarevic dynasty
Authors: Starodubcev Tatjana
Published: November 2007

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Slavic anthroponyms in the judicial decisions of Demetrios Chomatenos
Authors: Dzelebdzic Dejan
Published: November 2007

The present paper deals with personal names mentioned by Demetrios Chomatenos which can with some certainty be identified as Slavic in origin. For the greater part, these are well-known Slavic names, often of Common Slavic origin, also attested in other Slavic languages. A couple of uncommon names is also attested, such as Svinjilo and Svinja (Sb?niloz, Sbina). Among the names of non-Slavic origin, it is the Saints' names that are most commonly found, but some others are attested as well, like Kuman, Sarakin or Kandid all of them well known among the South Slavs. The Slavonic ethnicity of the carriers of these names can as a rule be established by tracing their family relations. In the course of the 11th and 12th centuries, family names became quite common and stable in Byzantium, at least with aristocratic families. As first noted by Jacques Lefort, some paroikoi on the territories belonging to the monasteries of the Holy Mountain had family names, too, but these tended to appear sporadically and to disappear after some time. Demetrios Chomatenos' judicial decisions show that at that period family names were carried by the majority of the inhabitants of Byzantine Macedonia, Epirus and other regions (including women, sometimes even monks), not only the members of the elite. However, the Slavic population of these regions still often stuck to the ancient custom of naming a person only with a personal name sometimes supplemented by a patronymic. This notwithstanding, more than twenty persons did have, apart from their Slavic name, another one, usually of Christian origin. Although the data do not always allow for an unequivocal identification of the functions of each of these names, it can be safely assumed that they are not instances of double personal names, but rather that the name of Christian origin functions as a personal name, the Slavic one as a family name. This is quite certain for the family of Svinjilos from Berroia (Ponem. Diaph. 81) and very probable for the family of Ljutovojs (Litobonz) from Skoplje (59). People with double names are usually persons of some importance, members of local aristocracy, imperial clerks or high representatives of the clergy, which is indicated by the fact that their names are often preceded by epithets like megaliphaestatoz, pansebastoz sebastoz, kyr or by administrative titles like arch?n. Family names are usually not grammatically different from personal names, mostly because it was common to simply take a personal name of an ancestor as the family name without further modifications, just like in Byzantine families. Chomatianos' judicial decisions yield only two derived family names, both formed from a Slavic stem with the Greek suffix -poyloz (Bogdanopoyloz, Serbopoyloz). Family names among the Slavs are attested at the same period in Dalmatian towns, whereas they are virtually unknown in the areas predominantly inhabited by Serbs, as evident from the Chrysobulls of Decani and other Serbian medieval documents.
Historians and the Great Crisis of 1903
Authors: Gollin Alfred
Published: November 2007

The Cabinet crisis of 1903 was an event of major significance in recent British political history. The Annual Register declared of the 1903 crisis that it was “one of the most sensational political events recorded in the long series of volumes of the Annual Register.” Randolph Churchill, in his great biography of his father, referred to the crisis as a “remarkable and probably unique series of events.” Lord Blake, in The Observer, wrote that it was one of “the most drastic series of expulsions, resignations and reshuffles engineered by any Prime Minister in the twentieth century.” The present writer in a book entitled Balfour's Burden wrote of the 1903 crisis that “this Cabinet was a decisive moment in British history. Ministers had come together in order to decide upon the economic and Imperial future of their country.”

Historians have always recognised the high importance of the 1903 crisis in British affairs. But they have been unable to agree upon the details of it, and they have differed regularly about the role in it played by Arthur Balfour, the Prime Minister of the day. Nevertheless, material in the Public Record Office in London, recently made available to scholars, now enables us to resolve the differences which have occupied the attention of scholars for a long time past. Nor is it simply a matter of detail. Significant conclusions about British political practice can be made when the crisis of 1903 is understood, in all its aspects. The crisis occurred as the result of British failures during the Boer War which revealed that Britain was either unable or unprepared to defend the distant reaches of her Empire. Joseph Chamberlain, the Colonial Secretary, resolved to restore the situation.
A World View of Robert Recorde: A Brief Study of Tudor Cosmology
Authors: Barr William
Published: November 2007

In 1556, Robert Recorde (1510?-1558) provided the English reading public with the first significant reference to the heliocentric theories of Nicholas Copernicus. In a brief passage in his elementary text on astronomy,The Castle of Knowledge, Recorde introduced the fact that Copernicushathe renewed the opinion of Aristarchus Samius, andaffirmeth that the earthe not only moueth circularlyeabout his owne centre, but also may be, yea and is,continually out of the precise cētre of the world 38hundredth thousand miles:

This statement, preceded by a review of other ancient astronomers who held similar views, and followed by a promise to the reader that the subject would be examined later in greater detail, constituted the complete reference to Copernicus and his theories. It was neither an endorsement nor a repudiation of the revolutionary theories advanced by Copernicus. Given his reputation as a competent and thorough scholar, one may legitimately ask, first, why did Recorde limit himself to such a short statement? and, second, how can his attitude toward the heliocentric theories be established with greater certainty? Because Recorde elected not to commit himself further inThe Castle of Knowledge, any discussion of his attitude toward the new theories must be based on indirect evidence. The point to be demonstrated is that Recorde was influenced by a particular philosophy that enabled him to view favorably the theories advanced in Copernicus's great work,De Revolutionibus Orbium Celestium. The first part of this study examines some probable causes for Recorde's reluctance to expand upon his reference to Copernicus, while the remainder examines his philosophical views.
The Historiography of the Activities of Francis Drake along the Pacific Coast of North America in 1579
Authors: Holmes Kenneth L.
Published: November 2007

Francis Drake's circumnavigation of the world (1577-1581) marks the first certain approach of Europeans to what later became known as the Northwest Coast of America. Historical research on this voyage has stemmed from Great Britain and the United States. British scholars concerned with the subject as part of English maritime activity have included Richard Hakluyt, James Anthony Froude, E. G. R. Taylor, James A. Williamson and A. L. Rowse. The latest British scholar to inquire into the motives and events of the great voyage is Kenneth R. Andrews. These writers have generally given little space to Drake's experiences on the Northwest Coast. However, the late California scholar Henry Raup Wagner published a monumental study of the subject in 1926. This work and two volumes published by the Hakluyt Society provide most of the documents relating to the voyage.

The pertinent passages describing Drake's activities in the North Pacific are as follows:
From Guatulco [a village near Acapulco on the Mexicanwest coast] we departed the day following, viz. April 16.setting our course directly into the sea: whereon we sayled500. leagues in longitude, to get a winde: and between thatand June 3. 1400. leagues in all, till we came into 42. deg.of North latitude. ….

The land in that part of America, bearing farther out into the West, then we before imagined, we were neerer on it than wee were aware; and yet the neerer still wee came unto it, the more extremitie of cold did sease upon us. The 5. day of June, wee were forced by contrary windes, to run in with the shoare, which we then first descried; and cast anchor in a bad bay, the best roade we could for the present meete with: where wee were not without some danger, by reason of the many extreme gusts, and flawes that beate upon us; which if they ceased and were still at any time, immediately upon their intermission, there followed most vile, thicke, and stinking fogges; against which the sea prevailed nothing, till the gusts of wind were againe remowed them, which brought with them, such extremitity and violence when they came, that there was no dealing or resisting against them.
Delivering the Goods: Reappaising the Ministry of Munitions: 1915-1916
Authors: Adams R.J.Q.
Published: November 2007

David Lloyd George's reputation and political position seemed unassailable in 1918. Lord Beaverbrook, perhaps somewhat extravagantly, wrote of that period:

The war was over. Lloyd George was now the most powerful man in Europe. His fame would endure forever. He was admired and praised in all countries.

Not the least praised of all his works during the First World War was the formation between May 1915 and June 1916, of the Ministry of Munitions. In the eyes of many Britons, he had patriotically given up the prestigious and powerful Chancellorship of the Exchequer to take up the burden of munitions production when the shortage of shells and guns seemed to frustrate the British military effort. Some time thereafter the necessary armaments appeared, and the Minister and his associates shared in the popular acclaim. The apparent early success of the Ministry of Munitions helped to propel him from the Munitions Office in Whitehall Gardens to Number 10 Downing Street itself. Peter Lowe has written in his recent evaluation of this episode of Lloyd George's career:

The Ministry of Munitions was crucial to the rise of Lloyd George to supreme power. In a government grappling with stalemate on the western front, failure at Gallipoli and muddle at Salonica, the organization of munitions production on vastly improved lines was a dramatic success.

The erosion of his political position after the war and the long period of his eclipse gave opportunity for critics to revise the popular view of the career which had received so much applause.
British Social Policy and the Second World War
Authors: Gilbert Bentley B.
Published: November 2007

Writing just before the outbreak of the Second World War, Joseph Schumpeter remarked that English socialism, in contrast to European socialism, was at bottom an ethical creed. For socialist intellectuals, the Fabians for instance, there was no difference between slums and the House of Lords. Both were bad things and ought to be eliminated. I do not suggest that by the time Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy was published in 1942 this was by any means a new idea. The briefest survey of the speeches or writings of George Lansbury or James Keir Hardie, not to mention those of the Webbs and Bernard Shaw, would show the same attitude. They dwelt less in terms of the people's need than of the people's rights. By and large, they talked not of what could be done, but of what should be done. Accordingly, they sneered at the social legislation of the New Liberalism as a plaster bandage which did nothing to heal the working man's wounds, but made them hurt less. They saw clearly that national insurance and old age pensions were prompted less by recognition of the moral imperative behind the public welfare than by fear on the part of the nation's rulers of a politically aroused working class which might effect a parliamentary revolution through the agency of the Labour party, or, indeed, after the war, a violent revolution

The only criticism that need be made of Schumpeter's analysis of the extent of the permeation of English socialism is that he did not see by the end of the 1930s how far it had gone. My own research suggests that by the time of the outbreak of the second World War, socialism — or social justice in the sense that the physical and economic welfare of the ordinary citizen was the unquestioned responsibility of the state — had become the creed of the ordinary English citizen. He took for granted that it was society's business to support him when unemployed and that in old age the state should provide him with a pension. Sidney Webb's national minimum had become part of the ethical furniture of the mind of the working man.