bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wind Speed and Direction on Water Application Uniformity of a Mechanical Lateral-Move Irrigation System
Authors: Nörenberg Bernardo Gomes , Faria Lessandro Coll , Rettore Neto Osvaldo , Beskow Samuel , Colombo Alberto , Timm Luis Carlos , Manke Emanuele Baifus
Published: August 2017

Abstract. In order to develop models for representation of Christiansen’s Uniformity (CU) and Distribution Uniformity (DU) as a function of wind speed, 32 in-field tests evaluating a mechanical lateral-move irrigation system, used in rice production, were carried out in southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. These tests were used to generate two third-order polynomial models for estimation of CU and DU, which were then validated based on a cross-validation approach. The generated models had their accuracy quantified by means of the following statistical measures: determination coefficient (R2), reliability and performance index (c), root mean square error (RMSE), and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (CNS). Wind direction had no significant influence on CU and DU. The CU values estimated from the cross-validation method were compared to those observed, resulting in R2 = 0.44, c = 0.53, RMSE = 1.82%, and CNS = 0.43. Likewise, DU values estimated from the cross-validation method were compared to the observed values, culminating in R2, c, RMSE, and CNS equal to 0.41%, 0.51%, 2.81% and 0.40%, respectively. The models developed in this study can be useful as a support tool for decision making when applying mechanical lateral-move irrigation systems, allowing estimation of CU and DU values with satisfactory precision for wind speeds less than 5.5 m s-1. Keywords: In-field tests, Rice, Sprinkler irrigation.
Application of Optimized Digital Filters and Asymmetrically Trimmed Mean to Improve the Accuracy of Dynamic Egg Weighing
Authors: Zhang Jianyi , Ying Yibin , Jiang Huanyu , Wang Haijun , Yang Chunwei , Yu Yonghua , Wang Jianping
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Rolling poultry eggs through a weighing rail is a simple, fast, and efficient way to measure mass. However, disturbances generated primarily by the rolling eggs vary with the rolling state and speed as well as with the egg mass and shape. These disturbances distort the load cell signal in the form of a stochastic strong amplitude fluctuation, and eliminating these fluctuations completely is a difficult task. A piezoelectric accelerometer was used to measure the vibration disturbances. The smoothed pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWVD), which is a type of time-frequency analysis, was used to analyze the vibration disturbances using the accelerometer data. The results indicated that the disturbances were non-stationary, and the frequency characteristics were time-varying. Preliminary experiments showed that the commonly used low-pass filtering and subsequent average-based mass estimation method (AME) did not result in a satisfactory weighing accuracy. To meet the requirement of fast and accurate dynamic weighing of eggs, this research proposed a sorting-based mass estimator (SME) that consisted of an optimized digital filter and asymmetrically trimmed mean. The SME regarded the mass measurement as a problem of location estimation of non-Gaussian and heavy-tailed random variables, given the short observation time and the presence of outliers (disturbances). Four types of digital filters in the SME were selected to pre-filter the load cell data. The relevant parameters of the digital filters and asymmetrically trimmed mean in the SME were optimized using a grid search. Experimental results showed that the proposed SME effectively improved the weighing accuracy, and almost all of the egg weighing errors were less than 1 g with a processing speed of up to 5 eggs s-1. Compared with the AME, the overall mean error was reduced by approximately 86% to 93%, and the overall standard deviation of the error (SDE) was reduced by approximately 41% to 50%. Keywords: Asymmetrically trimmed mean, Digital filters, Dynamic weighing, Egg mass, Time-frequency analysis.
Design and Calibration of Chambers for the Measurement of Housed Dairy Cow Gaseous Emissions
Authors: Drewry Jessica L. , Powell J. Mark , Choi Christopher Y.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The increased global demand for milk and other dairy products over the past decade has heightened concerns about the potential for increased environmental impacts. Accurate measurement of gas emissions from dairy cows is essential to assess the effects of cow diets and other management practices on both the composition and rate of gas emissions. In this article, methodologies are described to instrument, calibrate, and assess the uncertainty of gas emissions by cows housed in chambers that simulate production settings. The supply and exhaust ducts of each chamber were equipped with pitot tubes, temperature and relative humidity probes, and gas samplers to monitor airflow rates, gas composition, and gas emission rates. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) instrument was used to quantify gaseous concentrations in the gas samples on a semi-continuous basis. The measurement uncertainty of the rate of gaseous emission from the chambers was quantified, and gas concentration and differential pressure, as measured by the pitot tubes, were identified as the primary parameters contributing to gas emission uncertainties. Mass recovery tests determined that the recovery of methane from each chamber was within 10% of the released mass. Fan operating curves were experimentally determined to identify optimum differential chamber pressures to minimize gas leakage from the chambers. A computational fluid dynamics model was developed to assess air mixing patterns and define steady-state conditions. The model was validated with experimental data of air velocity within each chamber. These procedures will facilitate accurate measurement of gas emissions from housed dairy cows and provide a laboratory to test various gas mitigation treatments. Keywords: Computational fluid dynamics, Dairy, Emission chamber.
Evaluating a New Shade for Feedlot Cattle Performance and Heat Stress
Authors: Hayes Morgan D. , Brown-Brandl Tami M. , Eigenberg Roger A. , Kuehn Larry A. , Thallman R. Mark
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Heat stress in cattle results in decreased feed intake, lower daily gain, and potentially death in susceptible animals under intense conditions. A study was carried out during the summer of 2013 at the USDA-ARS U.S. Meat Animal Research Center feedlot evaluating the impact of shade on environmental conditions and cattle performance. A novel two-tiered shade was used in half of the 14 pens, each holding 30 animals. The shades were designed to reduce solar heat load by 40% to 60% and to provide traveling shade across the pen, providing varied amounts of shade area as well as varied solar reduction potential. The objective of this study was to determine if the shade was effective at improving performance (evaluated as average daily gain, feed intake, and feed to gain ratio) and reducing environmental conditions that cause heat stress. A group of mixed-breed cattle with varied genetics including both and were selected, penned on the basis of sex, and blocked by color. Production parameters of pen feed usage were measured daily, and individual body weights were taken monthly. Environmental conditions including air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, ground temperature, and black globe temperature with and without shade were measured. Solar load on the pens was reduced when shade was provided, with both ground temperature and black globe temperature showing reductions. Cattle showed nominally better performance; however, no significant differences were found in gain or feed intake. Panting scores were significantly lower with shade provided; slopes of cattle respiration rate versus ambient temperature were significantly lower with shade during the afternoon period. Keywords: Cattle, Feedlot, Heat stress, Respiration, Shade.
DELITO, DETENÇÃO E ENCARCERAMENTO - O APRENDIZADO DE UMA ATIVIDADE LABORATIVA COMO INSTRUMENTO DE RESSOCIALIZAÇÃO DE MENORES EM CUMPRIMENTO DE MEDIDAS SOCIOEDUCATIVAS
Authors: Machado Marta Cruz
Published: August 2017

O presente trabalho discutirá a ressocialização de menores cumpridores de medidas sócio-educativas, internos do CASE – Instituto Juiz Melo Matos em Feira de Santana, através do aprendizado de uma atividade laborativa ou profissionalizante. A casa de Atendimento sócio-educativo Juiz Melo Matos é uma instituição pública mantida pela FUNDAC/BA (Fundação Estadual da Criança e do Adolescente do Estado da Bahia) entidade responsável por formular e executar uma política uniforme de proteção aos direitos da criança e do adolescente. Na busca de ratificar ou refutar a hipótese levantada, será realizado um extenso estudo de referencial teórico, que verse a respeito do tema, e uma pesquisa por meio da aplicação de questionário aos internos, traçando o perfil desse indivíduo, bem como sua condição na prática do ato infracional; em seguida, será analisada a predisposição para o aprendizado de uma atividade laborativa e seu desejo de ressocialização. Será aplicado ainda um questionário aos funcionários do instituto, que emitirão suas impressões sobre os internos nos momentos de desenvolvimento dessas atividades. E por último proceder-se-á com a leitura, tratamento e análise dos dados coletados.
MEDIAÇÃO E CONCILIAÇÃO: reflexões à luz do novo Código de Processo Civil
Authors: Silva Vera Letícia de Oliveira
Published: August 2017

O artigo tece reflexões sobre a mediação e a conciliação à luz do novo Código de Processo Civil, que entrou em vigor em março de 2016. Analisa-se a incapacidade do Judiciário solucionar os problemas reais das pessoas, além de demonstrar que um dos caminhos para superar este obstáculo é a utilização de meios alternativos de pacificação de conflitos. Nestas vias autônomas de composição de conflitos as partes possuem voz ativa e são as protagonistas das decisões. Serão aqui analisados os institutos da mediação e da conciliação e como são eles tratados no novo diploma processual, traçando algumas ponderações positivas e outras que indicam a necessidade de uma reflexão sobre a utilidade e eficácia dos novos preceitos legais.
OS FUNDAMENTOS POLÍTICO-FILOSÓFICOS DA PROPRIEDADE MODERNA, SUAS RUPTURAS E A FUNÇÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Araújo Cloves dos Santos
Published: August 2017

A modernidade ocidental, rompendo com a fé, a tradição e formas coletivas de relacionamento com a terra, introduziu nos sistemas jurídicos um conceito de propriedade centrada não no uso coletivo, como acontecia na antiguidade, mas, sobretudo, na apropriação individual e na mercantilização. John Locke, buscando justificar filosoficamente este modo de apropriação da natureza pelo indivíduo, elege o trabalho como fio condutor. A propriedade, com a codificação moderna, passa a incorporar os ordenamentos jurídicos como direito individual exclusivo. Todavia, a partir da segunda década do Século XX, a propriedade tem seu conteúdo modificado, passando a ter o encargo de atender à função social.
REDUÇÃO DA MAIORIDADE PENAL E MÍDIA: uma análise crítica sobre a criminalização da violência juvenil
Authors: Sá Mateus Carvalho
Published: August 2017

O objeto do artigo centra-se na questão da redução da maioridade penal e sua relação com as produções do campo midiático que influem no discurso de criminalização da violência juvenil, propiciando, sobretudo, a construção de um direito penal meramente simbólico, a partir de produções legislativas emergentes. Parte-se de uma perspectiva incomum no tratamento do tema, porque a finalidade ora proposta distancia-se do debate localizado na diferença entre posturas dentro de movimentos ideológicos de ser contra ou a favor da redução. Nesse sentido, aproxima-se da investigação dos novos arranjos que promovem mudanças nas relações sociais, destacando os efeitos de poder midiático, tido como um quarto poder, que circula entre as pessoas e influi no aparecimento de novas verdades, como o “reduzir é solução”, por exemplo, e, a partir disso, percebe-se a eficiência (ou não) que o direito penal tem em responder tais questões. Para tanto, sublinha-se o caráter teórico da pesquisa, com posição crítica e interdisciplinar, no propósito de explicar as relações entre o fenômeno (redução da maioridade) e outros contextos (direito, mídia e política). O artigo estrutura-se pela apresentação do conceito adotado no estudo de mídia como quarto poder, depois foca a discussão sobre os fatores econômicos, o sensacionalismo e a cultura do medo como instrumentos a serviço da mídia e, por último, trata do papel dessa mídia na formação de processos de criminalização da violência juvenil que repercutem na criação de projetos legislativos sobre o tema na contemporaneidade. Assim, percebe-se a existência de uma complexa engrenagem que congrega a mídia, as produções legislativas e a redução da maioridade penal, a qual o debate legalista por si só é insuficiente na apreensão de seu sentido, por isso, a abordagem transdisciplinar proposta aponta novo horizonte a fim de enriquecer a discussão.
SISTEMA CARCERÁRIO BRASILEIRO E SISTEMA INTERAMERICANO DE PROTEÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS: a análise do Caso Urso Branco sob o prisma do Direito à Saúde
Authors: Misi Márcia Costa
Published: August 2017

Este artigo pretende avaliar o modo como ocorre a implementação das decisões da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos no Brasil, especificamente, no que tange ao sistema prisional. Com o intuito cumprir esse objetivo foi selecionado o Caso Urso Branco, alvo de diversas medidas provisórias emitidas pela Corte. Este caso trata da situação de uma penitenciária localizado no Estado de Rondônia onde foram perpetradas graves violações de direitos humanos, com a ocorrência do segundo maior massacre da história prisional brasileira. Com a análise dos relatórios emitidos pela Corte Interamericana em relação ao Caso referido, constatamos que uma ampla gama de direitos fora desrespeitada pelo Estado Brasileiro. Diante da amplitude das violações, foi necessário escolher uma vertente específica para análise: o acesso à saúde no sistema prisional, que ainda é uma questão não resolvida pelo Estado Brasileiro. Assim, verificou-se as ações estatais tomadas para implementar as determinações da Corte bem assim os obstáculos encontrados no processo de efetivação das determinações deste órgão frente às peculiaridades da realidade brasileira.
Transporte de solutos em diferentes cenários geológicos gerados por modelos estocásticos de cadeias de Markov
Authors: Teramoto Elias Hideo , Chang Hung Kiang , Caetano-Chang Maria Rita
Published: August 2017

O entendimento do comportamento de contaminantes em subsuperfície é crucial para quantificação do risco à saúde humana e planejamento dos sistemas de remediação. Por sua vez, a confiabilidade das previsões do comportamento da pluma contaminante está relacionada à variabilidade litológica em subsuperfície, de forma que é elevado o grau de incerteza em aquíferos heterogêneos. O Aquífero Rio Claro, na região do município de Paulínia (SP), apresenta marcante heterogeneidade litológica. Com vistas a investigar o efeito dessa heterogeneidade no transporte e destino de contaminantes dissolvidos em águas subterrâneas, foram realizadas simulações considerando diferentes cenários geológicos nesse aquífero. A partir de informações litológicas provenientes de 58 descrições de sondagem, foram gerados 10 cenários geológicos distintos empregando-se o método estocástico de Cadeias de Markov. Cada cenário geológico foi inserido dentro de modelos numéricos para avaliação do transporte de contaminantes dissolvidos em águas subterrâneas. Os resultados indicam ampla variabilidade das dimensões das plumas dissolvidas, bem como das direções de migração; o principal fator responsável por tal variação é o grau de conectividade dos corpos arenosos dotados de elevada permeabilidade. Mediante esses resultados, constata-se que as incertezas intrínsecas à conectividade dos corpos arenosos dificultam a previsão de migração de contaminantes dissolvidos e o planejamento dos sistemas de remediação em casos de aquíferos análogos ao Rio Claro.
SUMARIO
Authors: - -
Published: August 2017

SUMARIO
Avance de Investigación: Un modo de construcción de la otredad. Representaciones de la Policía Federal Argentina acerca de los nexos entre la inmigración sudamericana y la delincuencia
Authors: Abiuso Federico Luis
Published: August 2017

En este artículo indagaré en un modo de construcción de la otredad. Me interesará estudiar las representaciones acerca de los nexos existentes entre la inmigración sudamericana y la delincuencia, por parte de la Policía Federal Argentina. Para ello, se tomarán distintos antecedentes teóricos e investigaciones previas, y el análisis se realizará empleando la estrategia de la Teoría fundamentada.De esta manera propongo reconstruir, mediante la aplicación del método de comparación constante en el dominio empírico de la Revista de Policía y Criminalística, las categorías y etiquetas que refieren a los antedichos vínculos, especialmente considerando que de esa manera se hace posible dar cuenta cuáles serían algunas de las representaciones y estereotipos dominantes allí producidas. Y a su vez, destacando que su existencia y difusión al interior de una publicación institucional y en la configuración de una determinada identidad policial, puede constituir el puntapié inicial de un proceso de criminalización del migrante.
Relaciones conceptuales de la transición al segundo Wittgenstein
Authors: Jiménez Medina Jenny Alexandra
Published: August 2017

El propósito de este artículo es realizar un análisis de las principales nociones que Wittgenstein elabora en este proceso de transición. La pregunta por resolver será, entonces, cómo Wittgenstein estructura su nueva visión del lenguaje. Para darle respuesta, en el inicio del artículo se trabajará una breve observación respecto al ansia de pureza cristalina, que, de algún modo, fue el plan que marcaba la pauta en la filosofía del Tractatus logico-philosophicus. A continuación, desde la discutida noción del significado como uso, se abordarán los principales elementos que constituyen la nueva concepción del lenguaje del segundo Wittgenstein, a saber: el criterio definidor, los juegos de lenguaje, las formas de vida y los parecidos de familia. Por último, se analizará la relación que esta nueva concepción de lenguaje mantiene con las reglas y con el hecho de seguir una regla.
Una defensa del construccionismo: la filosofía como ingeniería conceptual
Authors: Floridi Luciano
Published: August 2017

El artículo ofrece una amplia exposición y defensa del «construccionismo», tanto como un enfoque metafilosófico, como una metodología filosófica, con referencias a la tradición filosófica que la ha inspirado, la llamada tradición del «conocimiento del fabricante». La tesis principal defendida es que la «tradición del conocimiento del usuario» propuesta por Platón debería ser complementada, si no reemplazada, por un enfoque construccionista de los problemas filosóficos en general y del conocimiento en particular. En pocas palabras, un agente epistémico sabe algo cuando ese agente es capaz de construir (reproducir, simular, modelar, construir, etc.) ese algo e insertar la información obtenida en la red correcta de relaciones que lo explican. O, en términos aún más intuitivos, un agente se califica como un agente epistémico no cuando es un usuario pasivo de cierta información sino cuando es un productor crítico de ella. Su pericia epistémica aumenta en relación con el alcance y profundidad de las preguntas que es capaz de formular y responder sobre un tema particular. El conocimiento del fabricante es el conocimiento de la ontología del artefacto semántico y ésta es una lección epistemológica fundamental que podemos aprender de las disciplinas poiéticas como la informática y la economía. De modo que el construccionismo desvía el foco del conocimiento mimético, pasivo y declarativo de que algo es así, para concentrarse más en el conocimiento poiético, interactivo y práctico de algo que es el caso, esto es, de los artefactos semánticos. Una vez aplicado a la interpretación de la filosofía misma, el construccionismo sugiere agregar la ingeniería conceptual al análisis conceptual como un método fundamental.
Instante y momento oportuno en los grafos existenciales de Charles S. Peirce. Por una dimensión kairológica de la creatividad
Authors: Romero Tenorio José
Published: August 2017

Para la estética, la creatividad es la emergencia del instante que la vuelve irrepetible o un transitar pendular que la hace resurgir como reminiscencia cegada por un ocaso repetitivo. Haciendo coincidir proceso y teleología (pensamiento al que nos dirigimos), Peirce aglutina estas dos dimensiones (instante y tránsito), sin atisbar realmente un atisbo de humanidad para disfrutar de lo ínfimo. De ahí que propongamos un momento oportuno que nos dirija hacia una temporalidad más humana.
Nuevos horizontes de economía ética en tiempo de neurociencia
Authors: Conill Sancho Jesús
Published: August 2017

En el tema de los «Nuevos horizontes de economía ética en tiempo de neurociencia» se entremezclan lo que hoy se suele entender como ciencias naturales, ciencias sociales y humanidades (o ciencias humanas y ciencias del espíritu [Geisteswissenschaften], y todas ellas bajo el nuevo imperativo tecnológico (que impele incluso a considerar la ciencia en general como tecnociencia). Situados ya en este contexto de nuestro tiempo, sentimos de modo especial el predominio de lo económico, que se ha encarnado en los procesos de globalización y mundialización. Pero asimismo en nuestro horizonte histórico no es fácil sentir que vayan unidas la economía y la ética. Lo más normal es que se susciten recelos y sospechas, tanto por parte de los profesionales como de los ciudadanos.
Neurohermenéutica
Authors: Domingo Moratalla Tomás
Published: August 2017

Con esta comunicación pretendemos evaluar el alcance de lo que podemos denominar «neurohermenéutica». ¿Qué es? ¿Cómo puede caracterizarse? Se trata de aplicar el desarrollo de las cuestiones de neurociencia y ciencias cognitivas al desarrollo de la hermenéutica contemporánea. Dos son las estrategias posibles: 1) «hermenéutica de la neurociencia», y mostrar sus presupuestos, su estrategia conceptual y analizar sus implicaciones sociales y culturales (nos moveríamos en el terreno de una teoría crítica de la cultura), y 2) «neurociencia de la hermenéutica», e intentar analizar el sustrato mental (neurológico) de nuestras interpretaciones del mundo; así se ha desarrollado la llamada «neurología de la narración». Ponderamos la consideración (doble) que afirma que nuestro cerebro es creador de cultura y que a su vez él es producto cultural. Decir «neurohermenéutica» es preguntarnos, por tanto: ¿Qué interpretación del mundo y de nosotros mismos nos ofrecen la neurociencias? ¿Cuáles son las bases neurológicas de nuestra definición como seres hermenéuticos e interpretadores?
¿De qué lado estás?
Authors: Sheehan Thomas
Published: August 2017

En la época moderna se prioriza uno de nuestros dos «lados», el «lado» analítico, a expensas de nuestro «lado» más sintético e intuitivo. Las nefastas consecuencias del énfasis en la razón instrumental que empezó en la época de Francis Bacon han sido descritoselocuentemente por varios pensadores importantes, incluyendo Max Weber, Martin Heidegger y Jürgen Habermas. El descuido de nuestras capacidades imaginativas puede empobrecer nuestras producciones artísticas y científicas y puede dificultar el acceso a la experiencia religiosa. La solución pasa por fomentar las habilidades que están siendo marginadas progresivamente en el sistema educativo actual en un intento de conseguir un sano equilibrio o armonía entre las distintas habilidades cognitivas del ser humano.
La neuroteología fundamental: una propuesta para repensar lo humano
Authors: Escribano-Cárcel Montserrat
Published: August 2017

Las neurociencias con su innovadora presencia nos acercan a la fisiología y arquitectura cerebral, pero también definen nuestra intimidad. Su influencia se deja sentir en la opinión pública y se expande a través de múltiples disciplinas que surgen bajo el término «neuro». Entre otras aparece la neuroteología que se sitúa en medio del conocimiento científico y la disciplina teológica. Su prioridad es describir la actividad neurocientífica correspondiente a las experiencias religiosas, meditativas o espirituales. La neurobiología permite ahora un conocimiento mayor de estas actividades y plantea cuestiones novedosas acerca del ser humano. Mi propuesta es desarrollar una neuroteología fundamental. Considero que las teologías disponen de modos racionales propios para crear pensamiento y elaborar propuestas críticas. En este artículo planteo algunas de las posibilidades que la neuroteología ofrece a las neurociencias. Por último, sostengo que la racionalidad teológica elaborada por las teologías contextuales se convierte en una fuente propositiva y disruptiva de descripciones neurocientíficas que naturalizan al ser humano.
Naturalización de la espiritualidad (1)
Authors: Cañón Loyes Camino
Published: August 2017

Este artículo expone la emergencia de expresiones de la espiritualidad no vinculadas a la experiencia religiosa y, en particular, aquella manifestación que pretende situar esta dimensión humana como un fenómeno natural, reconocible y, por ello, transformable desde el método de las ciencias de la Naturaleza. Se presenta un amplio marco que sitúa este fenómeno en el desarrollo de las teorías que establecen un continuo entre biología y cultura. Se ofrecen ejemplos de autores que han presentado propuestas de espiritualidad sin Dios y algunas que responden al llamado «problema realmente difícil», de cómo dar cuenta desde la ciencia natural de este fenómeno de la consciencia. Se cierra señalando límites y remitiendo a la presentación de una propuesta de modelo antropológico con fundamentos clínicos y teóricos, que para dar cuenta del fenómeno de la espiritualidad precisa un marco teórico que supera los límites de la ciencia natural y acude, en este caso, al psicoanálisis. Este mismo modelo muestra también que la espiritualidad elaborada sobre la experiencia religiosa del sujeto es una de las vías de maduración humana.
Intelectualidad y espiritualidad en Miguel de Unamuno
Authors: Villar Ezcurra Alicia
Published: August 2017

Miguel de Unamuno, uno de los intelectuales más relevantes de la España de fin del siglo XIX y primer tercio del XX, desde su crisis de 1897 también se preocupó por alertar sobre los límites del intelectualismo. En su artículo Intelectualidad y espiritualidad (marzo de 1904) reflexionó sobre la dimensión corporal, intelectual y espiritual del ser humano, a la luz de la primera epístola de San Pablo a los Corintios. Distinguió tres tipos de personas: los carnales (los absolutamente incultos), los intelectuales (hombres de lógica y sentido común) y los espirituales (soñadores y poetas). Sin menoscabo de la intelectualidad y frente al reduccionismo de cualquier signo, como Pascal Unamuno destacó la Importancia y significación de la espiritualidad por entender que orienta a la creación de sentido y a la conquista del ideal, posibilitando una vida más plena.
Espiritualidades arbitrarias y naturaleza desnaturalizada
Authors: López López Pablo
Published: August 2017

Términos como «espiritualidad», «naturaleza», «naturalismo» y «religión» se han venido usando con frecuencia de modo engañoso desde el siglo decimoctavo, a partir del sector antirreligioso del Iluminismo británico y francés. De hecho, esos términos a veces significan lo contrario de lo que aparentemente expresan. Así pues, necesitamos explorar el significado real de dichos términos, en especial el de «naturalismo». También tenemos que analizar una serie de contradicciones acerca de la comprensión de nociones como «persona» y «religión». Nos proponemos argumentar una nueva fraternidad universal y personal basada en la real naturaleza humana, la real espiritualidad y la real religiosidad.
Increencias, ciencia y religión: el necesario diálogo entre la espiritualidad trascendente y la naturalizada
Authors: Sanz Bayón Pablo
Published: August 2017

El presente trabajo se enmarca dentro de las reflexiones contemporáneas acerca de la interacción entre el teísmo y el ateísmo. La idea principal que se sostiene es la posibilidad y necesidad de conciliar armónicamente las nuevas visiones de la realidad generadas por los avances tecnocientíficos, los cambios sociales, y el lugar que hoy ocupan la religiosidad tradicional o institucional de índole trascendente y la espiritualidad inmanente producto del naturalismo filosófico. El objeto del trabajo es pues ahondar sucintamente en las causas, fundamentos y problemáticas de la espiritualidad naturalizada. En este sentido, se pretende examinar las limitaciones y dificultades que presentan las increencias pretendidamente espirituales y antirreligiosas basadas en postulados inmanentistas y cientificistas. Se proyecta necesario y fecundo un esfuerzo en el diálogo y conocimiento recíproco por parte de la pluralidad de posiciones existentes, principalmente entre la espiritualidad trascendente y la naturalizada.
Naturaleza Humana 2.0
Authors: Lumbreras Sara , Sánchez Orantos Antonio , Fernández Díaz-Rincón Clara
Published: August 2017

El programa de investigación Naturaleza Humana 2.0, dirigido por la Profesora Camino Cañón, fue un proyecto de la Cátedra Ciencia, Tecnología y Religión, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de la Universidad Comillas, Madrid. Concluyó con un Simposio del que parte de sus ponencias y comunicaciones son publicados en este número extraordinario de PENSAMIENTO, en la serie Ciencia, Filosofía y Religión, volumen VIII. Sara Lumbreras, Antonio Sánchez-Orantos y Clara Fernández Díaz-Rincón, presentan aquí una recapitulación de los contenidos de esta Conferencia, que presentamos como una Crónica, que permitirá entender el sentido de algunos de los artículos anteriores. Con esta crónica concluimos.
Designing for student-facing learning analytics
Authors: Kitto Kirsty , Lupton Mandy , Davis Kate , Waters Zak
Published: August 2017

Despite a narrative that sees learning analytics (LA) as a field that aims to enhance student learning, few student-facing solutions have emerged. This can make it difficult for educators to imagine how data can be used in the classroom, and in turn diminishes the promise of LA as an enabler for encouraging important skills such as sense-making, metacognition, and reflection. We propose two learning design patterns that will help educators to incorporate LA into their teaching protocols: do-analyse-change-reflect, and active learning squared. We discuss these patterns with reference to a case study utilising the Connected Learning Analytics (CLA) toolkit, in three trials run over a period of 18 months. The results demonstrate that student-facing learning analytics is not just a future possibility, but an area that is ripe for further development.
Assessing regional lung mechanics by combining electrical impedance tomography and forced oscillation technique
Authors: Ngo Chuong , Spagnesi Sarah , Munoz Carlos , Lehmann Sylvia , Vollmer Thomas , Misgeld Berno , Leonhardt Steffen
Published: August 2017

There is a lack of noninvasive pulmonary function tests which can assess regional information of the lungs. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a radiation-free, non-invasive real-time imaging that provides regional information of ventilation volume regarding the measurement of electrical impedance distribution. Forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a pulmonary function test which is based on the measurement of respiratory mechanical impedance over a frequency range. In this article, we introduce a new measurement approach by combining FOT and EIT, named the oscillatory electrical impedance tomography (oEIT). Our oEIT measurement system consists of a valve-based FOT device, an EIT device, pressure and flow sensors, and a computer fusing the data streams. Measurements were performed on five healthy volunteers at the frequencies 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, and 20 Hz. The measurements suggest that the combination of FOT and EIT is a promising approach. High frequency responses are visible in the derivative of the global impedance index

$\Delta {Z_{{\text{eit}}}}(t,{f_{{\text{os}}}}).$
The oEIT signals consist of three main components: forced oscillation, spontaneous breathing, and heart activity. The amplitude of the oscillation component decreases with increasing frequency. The band-pass filtered oEIT signal might be a new tool in regional lung function diagnostics, since local responses to high frequency perturbation could be distinguished between different lung regions.
Endocrine and autocrine/paracrine modulators of brown adipose tissue mass and activity as novel therapeutic strategies against obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Scheideler Marcel , Herzig Stephan , Georgiadi Anastasia
Published: August 2017

The dramatically increasing world-wide prevalence of obesity is recognized as a risk factor for the development of various diseases. The growing research on the role of adipose tissue in controlling energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity has revealed that the promotion of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) leads to multiple health benefits and prevents obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Inducible thermogenic adipocytes do exist in adult humans and are linked with increased energy combustion and lower body fat mass. Thus brown adipocytes are currently placed at the center of attention for novel therapeutic strategies against metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Besides the classical, norepinephrine-mediated sympathetic recruitment and activation of thermogenic adipocytes, a number of novel circulating factors have been recently identified to have a positive or negative impact on thermogenic adipocyte formation and activity. In this review their mechanism of action and the plausible therapeutic applications will be summarized and discussed.
Maintaining protein composition in cilia
Authors: Stephen Louise A. , Elmaghloob Yasmin , Ismail Shehab
Published: August 2017

The primary cilium is a sensory organelle that is vital in regulating several signalling pathways. Unlike most organelles cilia are open to the rest of the cell, not enclosed by membranes. The distinct protein composition is crucial to the function of cilia and many signalling proteins and receptors are specifically concentrated within distinct compartments. To maintain this composition, a mechanism is required to deliver proteins to the cilium whilst another must counter the entropic tendency of proteins to distribute throughout the cell. The combination of the two mechanisms should result in the concentration of ciliary proteins to the cilium. In this review we will look at different cellular mechanisms that play a role in maintaining the distinct composition of cilia, including regulation of ciliary access and trafficking of ciliary proteins to, from and within the cilium.
Temperature-dependent vibration analysis of a FG viscoelastic cylindrical microshell under various thermal distribution via modified length scale parameter: a numerical solution
Authors: Safarpour Hamed , Mohammadi Kianoosh , Ghadiri Majid
Published: August 2017

In this article, the vibrational analysis of temperature-dependent cylindrical functionally graded (FG) microshells surrounded by viscoelastic a foundation is investigated by means of the modified couple stress theory (MCST). MCST is applied to this model to be productive in design and analysis of micro actuators and micro sensors. The modeled cylindrical FG microshell, its equations of motion and boundary conditions are derived by Hamilton’s principle and the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). For the first time, in the present study, functionally graded length scale parameter which changes along the thickness has been considered in the temperature-dependent cylindrical FG microshell. The accuracy of the present model is verified with previous studies and also with those obtained by analytical Navier method. The novelty of the current study is consideration of viscoelastic foundation, various thermal loadings and size effect as well as satisfying various boundary conditions implemented on the temperature-dependent cylindrical FG microshell using MCST. Generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) is applied to discretize the equations of motion. Then, some factors are investigated such as the influence of length to radius ratio, damping, Winkler and Pasternak foundations, different temperature changes, circumferential wave numbers, and boundary conditions on natural frequency of the cylindrical FG microshell. The results have many applications such as modeling of microrobots and biomedical microsystems.
Non-equilibrium Thermodynamical Description of Superfluid Transition in Liquid Helium
Authors: Ardizzone Lucia , Stella Mongiovì Maria , Saluto Lidia
Published: August 2017

In previous papers a phase field model for
Preparation and characterization of sol-gel derived (ThxCe1−x)O2 microspheres
Authors: Çetinkaya Berkan , Tel Hüseyin
Published: August 2017

(ThxCe1−x)O2 microspheres (x=0.50, 0.75 and 0.95) with high homogeneity were prepared via sol-gel technique, starting from the initial chemical materials Th(NO3)4·5H2O and (NH4)2[Ce(NO3)6]. The sols were prepared by addition of ammonia under pH and temperature control. Sols were gelated to spherical form in a gelation system consisting of peristaltic pump, flow regulator, nozzle and a glass column. To obtain crack-free spheres suitable for gelation, source sols neutralization conditions, drop formation and pre-hardening medium were investigated and the optimum conditions were determined. After aging, washing and drying steps, gel microspheres were characterized. For this purpose, thermal behaviors of spheres were investigated with TG/DTA analysis. Dried microspheres at 80°C were calcined at three different temperatures, namely 450°C, 800°C and 1150°C, and crystal parameters were calculated from XRD data. BET specific surface area and BJH porosity analyses were also carried out.
Long-Term Changes in Jump Performance and Maximum Strength in a Cohort of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Women's Volleyball Athletes
Authors: Kavanaugh Ashley A. , Mizuguchi Satoshi , Sands William A. , Ramsey Michael W. , Stone Michael H.
Published: August 2017

Kavanaugh, AA, Mizuguchi, S, Sands, WA, Ramsey, MW, and Stone, MH. Long-term changes in jump performance and maximum strength in a cohort of NCAA division I women's volleyball Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 66–75, 2018—The purpose of this investigation was to quantify the magnitude of change in maximal strength and jumping abilities over approximately 1, 2, and 3 years of supervised sport and resistance training in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) division I women's volleyball athletes. This was an exploratory study on a cohort of women's volleyball athletes (n = 29) split into 3 groups based on the length of the time spent in a supervised resistance training program: group 1 (n = 11): 0.7 ± 0.3 years, group 2 (n = 9): 1.6 ± 0.2 years, and group 3 (n = 9): 2.4 ± 0.6 years. Monitoring tests consisted of standing height (cm), body mass (kg), body fat (%), static jump height (SJH) and countermovement JH (CMJH) with 0-, 11-, and 20-kg loads (cm), and midthigh clean pull isometric peak force (IPF) and allometrically scaled IPF (IPFa) (N·kg−0.67). Increasing trends were observed for all variables from groups 1 to 2 to 3. Statistically greater improvements (p ≤ 0.05) with moderate to large effect sizes were found between groups 1 and 3 for SJH 0 (19.7%, d = 1.35), SJH 11 (23.8%, d = 1.23), SJH 20 (30.6%, d = 1.20), CMJH 11 (22.6%, d = 1.18), IPF (44.4%, d = 1.22), and IPFa (41.2%, d = 1.32). A combination of traditional resistance training exercises and weightlifting variations at various loads, in addition to volleyball practice, seem to be effective at increasing maximal strength by 44% and vertical JH by 20–30% in NCAA division I women's volleyball athletes after about 2.5 years of training. Furthermore, these characteristics can be improved in the absence of additional plyometric training outside normal volleyball-specific practice.
Relationship Between Repeated Kicking Performance and Maximal Aerobic Capacity in Elite Junior Australian Football
Authors: Joseph Jacob , Woods Carl , Joyce Christopher
Published: August 2017

Joseph, J, Woods, C, and Joyce, C. Relationship between repeated kicking performance and maximal aerobic capacity in elite junior Australian football. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2294–2301, 2020—Australian football (AF) is a physically demanding game, requiring players to engage in a range of anaerobic activities interspersed with prolonged aerobic exercise. Coupled, players have to perform a range of technical skills, the most fundamental of which being to effectively kick (dispose) the ball. The aim of this study was to ascertain the extent to which aerobic capacity influenced kicking performance in AF. Twenty four elite U18 players competing in the same U18 competition performed the Australian football kicking (AFK) test 3 times with the Yo-Yo IR2 completed twice (between each AFK), with no rest between all 3 AFKs. Linear mixed models (LMMs) reported the extent to which kicking speed and accuracy scores were influenced by the level reached on the yo-yo IR2. Results indicated that players who recorded a higher level on the Yo-Yo IR2 produced a faster average kicking speed after each AFK (p < 0.01), whereas for all players, kicking speed was faster and more accurate on their dominant kicking leg regardless of score on the Yo-Yo IR2 (p < 0.01). The LMMs also reported that those who maintained kicking speeds after 2 Yo-Yo IR2 also had higher competition kicking efficiency than those who reported reduced kicking speeds. These results show that aerobically proficient U18 AF players who attain a relatively higher score on the Yo-Yo IR2 may be better equipped at preserving their kicking speed. Thus, coaches may wish to integrate both technical and aerobic drills in an attempt to preserve a player's capability to execute ball disposals with a high velocity.
Time Flies When You're at RPE13: How Exercise Intensity Influences Perception of Time
Authors: Hanson Nicholas J. , Lee Taylor L.
Published: August 2017

Hanson, NJ and Lee, TL. Time flies when you're at RPE13: How exercise intensity influences perception of time. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3546–3553, 2020—Previous studies have shown that there are some changes in our perception of time during exercise, but the relationship between intensity level and these perceptions is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exercise intensity on prospective time estimations. Twenty-two trained runners (10 male, 12 female; age 25 ± 6 years) participated in three 30-minute treadmill runs that were perceptually regulated at rating of perceived exertion (RPE) levels of 13 (“somewhat hard”), 15 (“hard”), and 17 (“very hard”). Prospective time assessments, in which subjects estimated durations of 1, 3, 7, and 20 seconds, were obtained immediately before exercise, during (at 10 and 20 minutes), and after exercise. A 3 (RPE) × 4 (timepoint) × 4 (estimated duration) repeated-measures analysis of variance was completed. There was a significant main effect of RPE level (p = 0.013). Post hoc tests revealed that time estimations at RPE17 were significantly lower than those at RPE13 (p = 0.021). The main effects of timepoint and estimated duration were not significant (both p ≥ 0.05), and no interactions were present. However, there was a trend for time estimations to decrease in all conditions as exercise progressed, with a rebound after cessation of exercise. This study showed a clear effect of exercise intensity on time perception. Specifically, the subjects perceived time to pass by more slowly as intensity increased.
Simultaneously Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Revealed Using Selective Pulse-Train Stimulation in the Rat Motor Cortex
Authors: Khatoun Ahmad , Asamoah Boateng , Mc Laughlin Myles
Published: August 2017

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) uses sinusoidal, subthreshold, electric fields to modulate cortical processing. Cortical processing depends on a fine balance between excitation and inhibition and tACS acts on both excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons. Given this, it is not clear whether tACS should increase or decrease cortical excitability. We investigated this using transcranial current stimulation of the rat (all males) motor cortex consisting of a continuous subthreshold sine wave with short bursts of suprathreshold pulse-trains inserted at different phases to probe cortical excitability. We found that when a low-rate, long-duration, suprathreshold pulse-train was used, subthreshold cathodal tACS decreased cortical excitability and anodal tACS increased excitability. However, when a high-rate, short-duration, suprathreshold pulse-train was used this pattern was inverted. An integrate-and-fire model incorporating biophysical differences between cortical excitatory and inhibitory neurons could predict the experimental data and helped interpret these results. The model indicated that low-rate suprathreshold pulse-trains preferentially stimulate excitatory cortical neurons, whereas high-rate suprathreshold pulse-trains stimulate both excitatory and inhibitory neurons. If correct, this indicates that suprathreshold pulse-train stimulation may be able to selectively control the excitation–inhibition balance within a cortical network. The excitation–inhibition balance then likely plays an important role in determining whether subthreshold tACS will increase or decrease cortical excitability.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTranscranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation method that uses weak sinusoidal electric fields to modulate cortical activity. In healthy volunteers tACS can modulate perception, cognition, and motor function but the underlying neural mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, using rat motor cortex, we found that tACS effects are highly variable: applying the same tACS waveform to the same cortical area does not always give the same change in cortical excitability. An integrate-and-fire model incorporating excitatory pyramidal and inhibitory interneurons indicated that tACS effects likely depend on the cortical excitation–inhibition balance. When cortical activity is excitation dominated one particular tACS phase increases excitability, but when the cortical activity is inhibition dominated the same tACS phase actually decreases excitability.