bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿La Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos como fuente de justicia distributiva?
Authors: Duque silva Guillermo Andrés
Published: September 2022

Este artículo ofrece un enfoque multidimensional del proceso de gestación de un concepto jurídico propio del ámbito latinoamericano: la Reparación Social Transformativa. El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación de cuatro años que buscó definir los aportes de la cultura socio-jurídica latinoamericana en la reivindicación de los derechos sociales, económicos, culturales y ambientales de colectivos y pueblos. Tras un análisis jurisprudencial, histórico-antropológico y la aplicación de técnicas del método etnográfico como entrevistas y observación participante con comunidades indígenas de Colombia, la investigación define los contornos de la Reparación Transformativa como una innovación jurídica propia de Latinoamérica e impulsada desde la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. El estudio concluye que esta forma de reparación busca superar el paradigma de la devolución de la víctima a la situación anterior al daño, para promover la transformación de las condiciones de vida de los colectivos que han sido víctimas de violaciones de derechos humanos y que antes del delito ya se encontraban en una situación de vulnerabilidad. Para el autor, esta forma de reparación tiene un potencial redistributivo que beneficia a las víctimas colectivas de violaciones de derechos humanos y es un claro avance en la búsqueda de justicia distributiva supranacional.
Interactions between the Northern-Hemisphere ice sheets and climate during the Last Glacial Cycle
Authors: Scherrenberg Meike D. W. , Berends Constantijn J. , Stap Lennert B. , van de Wal Roderik S. W.
Published: September 2022

Abstract. During the Last Glacial Cycle (LGC), ice sheets covered large parts of Eurasia and North America which resulted in ~120 meters of sea level change. Ice sheet – climate interactions have considerable influence on temperature and precipitation patterns, and therefore need to be included when simulating this time period. Ideally, ice sheet – climate interactions are simulated by a high-resolution earth system model. While these models are capable of simulating climates at a certain point in time, such as the Pre-Industrial (PI) or the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21,000 years ago), a full glacial cycle is currently unfeasible as it requires a too large amount of computation time. Nevertheless, ice-sheet models require forcing that captures the gradual change in climate over time to calculate the accumulation and melt of ice and its effect on ice sheet extent and volume changes. Here we simulate the LGC using an ice sheet model forced by LGM and PI climates. The gradual change in climate is modelled by transiently interpolating between pre-calculated results from a climate model for the LGM and the PI. To assess the influence of ice sheet – climate interactions, we use two different interpolation methods: The climate matrix method, which includes these interactions, and the glacial index method, which does not. To investigate the sensitivity of the results to the prescribed climate forcing, we use the output of several models that are part of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase III (PMIP3). In these simulations, ice volume is prescribed and the climate is reconstructed. Here we test those models by using their climate to drive an ice sheet model over the LGC. We find that the differences caused by the climate forcing exceeds the differences caused by the interpolation method. Some GCMs produced unrealistic LGM volumes and only four resulted in reasonable ice sheets with LGM Northern Hemisphere sea level contribution ranging between 74 – 113 meters with respect to the present day. The glacial index and climate matrix methods result in similar ice volumes at LGM but yield a different ice evolution with different ice domes during the inception phase of the glacial cycle, and different sea-level rates during the deglaciation phase. The temperature-albedo feedback is the main cause of differences between the glacial index and climate matrix methods.
A 29-year time series of annual 300-metre resolution plant functional type maps for climate models
Authors: Harper Kandice L. , Lamarche Celine , Hartley Andrew , Peylin Philippe , Ottlé Catherine , Bastrikov Vladislav , San Martín Rodrigo , Bohnenstengel Sylvia I. , Kirches Grit , Boettcher Martin , Shevchuk Roman , Brockmann Carsten , Defourny Pierre
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The existing medium-resolution land cover time series produced under the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative provides 29 years (1992–2020) of annual land cover maps at 300-m resolution, allowing for a detailed study of land change dynamics over the contemporary era. Because models need 2D parameters rather than 2D land cover information, the land cover classes must be converted into model-appropriate plant functional types (PFTs) to apply this time series to Earth system and land surface models. The first generation cross-walking table that was presented with the land cover product prescribed pixel-level PFT fractional compositions that varied by land cover class but lacked spatial variability. Here we describe a new ready-to-use data product for climate modelling: spatially explicit annual maps of PFT fractional composition at 300 m resolution for 1992–2020, created by fusing the 300 m medium-resolution land cover product with several existing high-resolution datasets using a globally consistent method. In the resulting data product, which has 14 layers for each of the 29 years, pixel values at 300-m resolution indicate the percentage cover (0–100 %) for each of 14 PFTs, with pixel-level PFT composition exhibiting significant intra-class spatial variability at the global scale. We additionally present an updated version of the user tool that allows users to modify the baseline product (e.g., re-mapping, re-projection, PFT conversion, and spatial sub-setting) to meet individual needs. Finally, these new PFT maps have been used in two land surface models - ORCHIDEE and JULES - to demonstrate their benefit over the conventional maps based on a generic cross-walking table. Regional changes in the fractions of trees, short vegetation, and bare soil cover induce changes in surface properties, such as the albedo, leading to significant changes in surface turbulent fluxes, temperature, and vegetation carbon stocks.
The ICON-A model for direct QBO simulations on GPUs (version icon-cscs:baf28a514)
Authors: Giorgetta Marco A. , Sawyer William , Lapillonne Xavier , Adamidis Panagiotis , Alexeev Dmitry , Clément Valentin , Dietlicher Remo , Engels Jan Frederik , Esch Monika , Franke Henning , Frauen Claudia , Hannah Walter M. , Hillman Benjamin R. , Kornblueh Luis , Marti Philippe , Norman Matthew R. , Pincus Robert , Rast Sebastian , Reinert Daniel , Schnur Reiner , Schulzweida Uwe , Stevens Bjorn
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Classical numerical models for the global atmosphere, as used for numerical weather forecasting or climate research, have been developed for conventional central processing unit (CPU) architectures. This hinders the employment of such models on current top-performing supercomputers, which achieve their computing power with hybrid architectures, mostly using graphics processing units (GPUs). Thus also scientific applications of such models are restricted to the lesser computer power of CPUs. Here we present the development of a GPU-enabled version of the ICON atmosphere model (ICON-A), motivated by a research project on the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), a global-scale wind oscillation in the equatorial stratosphere that depends on a broad spectrum of atmospheric waves, which originates from tropical deep convection. Resolving the relevant scales, from a few kilometers to the size of the globe, is a formidable computational problem, which can only be realized now on top-performing supercomputers. This motivated porting ICON-A, in the specific configuration needed for the research project, in a first step to the GPU architecture of the Piz Daint computer at the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre and in a second step to the JUWELS Booster computer at the Forschungszentrum Jülich. On Piz Daint, the ported code achieves a single-node GPU vs. CPU speedup factor of 6.4 and allows for global experiments at a horizontal resolution of 5 km on 1024 computing nodes with 1 GPU per node with a turnover of 48 simulated days per day. On JUWELS Booster, the more modern hardware in combination with an upgraded code base allows for simulations at the same resolution on 128 computing nodes with 4 GPUs per node and a turnover of 133 simulated days per day. Additionally, the code still remains functional on CPUs, as is demonstrated by additional experiments on the Levante compute system at the German Climate Computing Center. While the application shows good weak scaling over the tested 16-fold increase in grid size and node count, making also higher resolved global simulations possible, the strong scaling on GPUs is relatively poor, which limits the options to increase turnover with more nodes. Initial experiments demonstrate that the ICON-A model can simulate downward-propagating QBO jets, which are driven by wave–mean flow interaction.
Classification of tropical cyclone containing images using a convolutional neural network: performance and sensitivity to the learning dataset
Authors: Gardoll Sébastien , Boucher Olivier
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Tropical cyclones (TCs) are one of the most devastating natural disasters, which justifies monitoring and prediction on short and long timescales in the context of a changing climate. In this study, we have adapted and tested a convolutional neural network (CNN) for the classification of reanalysis outputs according to the presence or absence of TCs. This study compares the performance and sensitivity of a CNN to the learning dataset. For this purpose, we chose two meteorological reanalysis, ERA5 and MERRA-2, and used a number of meteorological variables from them to form TC-containing and background images. The presence of TCs is labeled from the HURDAT2 dataset. Special attention was paid to the design of the background image set to make sure it samples similar locations and times to the TC-containing images. We have assessed the performance of the CNN using accuracy but also the more objective AUC and AUPRC metrics. Many failed classifications can be explained by the meteorological context, such as a situation with cyclonic activity but not yet classified as TCs by HURDAT2. We also tested the impact of spatial interpolation and of “mixing and matching” the training and test image sets on the performance of the CNN. We showed that applying an ERA5-trained CNN to MERRA-2 images works better than applying a MERRA-2-trained CNN to ERA5 images.
El discurso de TV en España sobre la crisis climática en 2021
Authors: Piñuel Raigada José Luis , López Díez Jaime
Published: September 2022

Analizado el discurso televisivo durante 2021 a través de una muestra representativa de registros extraídos de cadenas de TV, se revela la configuración que, en la pandemia, ajustó la mediación dialéctica entre comunicación televisiva y capital cognitivo disponible para la resiliencia ante el Cambio Climático. Este estudio se origina en informes que en colaboración con ECODES y financiación del Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico, realiza el Observatorio de la Comunicación Mediática del Cambio Climático en su sede del Grupo de Investigación MDCS, de la UCM. El análisis desveló cómo se comunicaron las causas, los impactos, los proyectos de mitigación y adaptación ante los efectos del cambio climático, y la identidad de quienes toman la palabra y/o son aludidos. Se confirma la hegemonía discursiva de mediadores (periodistas) y políticos, en detrimento de los científicos, y se promueve mejorar la comunicación para la resiliencia ante el cambio climático.
La construcción mediática de los movimientos juveniles frente al cambio climático. Fridays for Future y Extinction Rebellion en la prensa de referencia en España
Authors: Amondarain Ane , Barranquero Alejandro , Arrilucea Adhik
Published: September 2022

Este artículo analiza la representación mediática de los movimientos juveniles frente al cambio climático tomando como referencia sus principales organizaciones: Fridays for Future y Extinction Rebellion. Se parte de un análisis de contenido de 262 piezas informativas publicadas en el período álgido de las movilizaciones de 2019 en cuatro periódicos españoles online de referencia: El País, Eldiario.es, ABC y La Vanguardia. Los resultados demuestran que los medios autodenominados progresistas ofrecen una actitud más favorable hacia las movilizaciones, en especial, al abordar Fridays for Future, mientras que los conservadores se mueven entre una posición de neutralidad y oposición, menos benevolente en el caso de Extinction Rebellion. Si bien los periódicos ofrecen una visión contextualizada y apoyada en el relato de los activistas, la representación de las protestas tiende a un tratamiento algo sensacionalista y más centrado en el conflicto que en su agenda política: en el caso de Fridays for Future, se tiende a una personalización exótica en la figura de Greta Thunberg, de la que raramente se anuncian sus propuestas, mientras que en el de Extinction Rebellion se retratan de forma anecdótica algunas de sus performances no violentas.
El estudio de la educomunicación del cambio climático en los medios ante la perspectiva de los expertos en educación ambiental
Authors: Morales-Corral Enrique , Teso-Alonso Gemma
Published: September 2022

La educomunicación puede ser una de las herramientas más útiles para abordar y formar a la ciudadanía en asuntos de interés público y de elevada transversalidad que permitan el cambio social orientado a la transición ecológica. Esto es posible gracias a la conjunción de procesos formativos intrínsecos a la práctica profesional de la comunicación y a las herramientas mediáticas. El tamaño de la muestra es de 1715 unidades procedentes de 48 medios. Las fuentes de procedencia de los datos son las empresas Pressclipping, Kantar Media y el buscador My News. Este artículo pretende analizar de forma longitudinal a lo largo de tres años (2019, 2020 2021), y de forma transversal en tres soportes distintos (prensa, radio y televisión), cómo los medios de comunicación españoles ofrecen contenidos de carácter educomunicativo sobre cambio climático (CC), valorando su intensidad y mediación educativa. Los resultados ofrecen un conjunto de perspectivas que podrían acoplarse fácilmente a modo de indicadores sobre cómo ofrecer una visión más completa, contextualizada y formadora desde la perspectiva de la educación ambiental, teniendo en cuenta aspectos de la educomunicación susceptibles de convertirse en recomendaciones efectivas de aplicación inmediata para los medios.
Los juegos entre la forma, el mensaje y el medio en el Códice Nuttall Lado 2
Authors: Kowalczyk-Kądziela Justyna
Published: September 2022

Desde mediados del siglo XX, cuando se logró determinar la región de procedencia de los códices históricos mixtecos, los estudios de su contenido han progresado notablemente. Las historias registradas en los manuscritos se han podido descifrar y situar en el paisaje de la Mixteca. Además, se reconstruyeron los lazos genealógicos y el carácter de las relaciones políticas que mantenían las élites gobernantes de la región. Todos esos avances hacen más llamativa la brecha entre el grado de entendimiento de aquellas narrativas –junto con sus personajes, localidades y cronologías–, por una parte, y del sistema de comunicación gráfica empleado para registrarlas, por la otra. Los mecanismos responsables de la creación del significado en los códices mixtecos no se han investigado como un sistema completo que opera en múltiples niveles. En el presente trabajo se pretenden analizar las estrategias formales elegidas por los autores del Códice Nuttall Lado 2 para plasmar el mensaje en el códice e investigar las maneras en las que la forma, el mensaje y el medio entran en diálogo y trabajan juntos para crear el significado final.
Presentación
Authors: Mikulska Katarzyna , Ruz Barrio Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2022

Abrimos este número temático dedicado a los avances en el estudio e interpretación de los sistemas de comunicación gráfica mesoamericanos, y más ampliamente, americanos, así como sobre aquellos enfoques y métodos más recientes para analizar los códices mesoamericanos.
La última vez que se presentó un panorama actual relativo al estudio del sistema de registro en Mesoamérica, y a la vez se produjo una discusión más amplia sobre este tema, fue en 2008, con dos dossieres temáticos íntimamente ligados entre sí, aunque publicados en dos revistas distintas. En el No. 8 de Itinerarios (2008, Universidad de Varsovia) se publicó el dossier titulado “Los códices mesoamericanos como fuente de estudio de las culturas indígenas” (coordinado por Juan José Batalla Rosado, Katarzyna Mikulska y Carlos Santamarina Novillo), y en el volumen 38 (2) de la Revista Española de Antropología Americana (2008, Universidad Complutense de Madrid) el dossier titulado “Estudios de códices mesoamericanos en Europa” (coordinado por Juan José Batalla Rosado, José Luis de Rojas y Carlos Santamarina Novillo). Uno de los artículos de los dossieres, “Los códices mesoamericanos: métodos de estudio”, de autoría de Juan José Batalla Rosado (2008), fue a su vez respuesta a un texto de Michel Oudijk que ha tenido mucha resonancia, titulado “De tradiciones y métodos: investigaciones pictográficas”, publicado en el mismo año 2008, aunque en otra revista (Desacatos 27).
Moderating Impact of Parental Financial Staters in the Relationship between Parental Attitudes and Children Secondary Level Education Performance in Negombo Sea Belt, Sri Lanka
Authors: Kennedy Perera Reverent Father Dassanayake Mudalige John , Degaulle Gunawardana Kennedy , Banda Weerakoon
Published: September 2022

This research identifies parental attitudes towards the secondary level educational performance of students in the Negombo sea-belt, Sri Lanka. Based on the information collected from 288 questionnaire surveys and 10 face-to-face interviews with parents (mothers-fathers dyad), aged between 25 years and 60 years old. In order to measure the progressive-democratic or traditional-authoritarian attitudes of the parents towards child education, it has been used the Parental Modernity Scale of Child Educational Performance. The findings showed that the overall attitude of the respondents was moderately favorable but positive towards education. Furthermore, parental traditionalism was more favorably positive towards education than parenting progressivism for secondary level education. In the interviews, no positivity was demonstrated by parents towards providing more attention in terms of decisions for traditional fishing than their children’s academic future. It is, therefore, a key component of national educational policies and early childhood programs. No plans have been made for the future implications of the policy formulation as well as for further research.
A Comparative Study between Islamic Banks and Conventional Banks in Bangladesh Based on Satisfaction of Debit Card Users
Authors: Dooty Evana Nusrat , Sultana Israth , Nahid Kulsuma Akter
Published: September 2022

This study is about the measuring of customer satisfaction on debit card use where little attention has been paid to this issue in Bangladesh. Previous studies on Islamic banks and conventional banks were focused on different determinants of customer satisfaction but very few studies on debit card user. The research aim is to identify the level of debit card user satisfaction and its determinants between Islamic banks and conventional banks. For this purpose, a well-planned questionnaire was developed to ensure success and also by providing questionnaires to 300 debit cards holder from Islamic banks and traditional banks using the convenience sampling technique. In this study, bi-variate and regression model were employed to identify the important predictors that affected customer satisfaction regarding debit cards of both types of banks. The study discovered that the customers of conventional banks were more pleased with the overall quality of service than that of Islamic banks were providing. More importantly, traditional banks had security and responsiveness as the driving forces, whereas Islamic banks, as an exception, availability of money and transaction cost were considered less important in customer satisfaction. The most important measures represent the procedures banks may use to tailor their services to individual consumers' needs.
Social Network Ties, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Entrepreneurial Intention among University Students in Ghana
Authors: Owusu Joseph , Hayat Naeem , Owusu-Ansah Wilberforce , Oppong Peter Kwasi
Published: September 2022

To expand the existing literature on entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention, the current study determines the mediating role of social network ties in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention among university students in Ghana. Data was conveniently gathered from 728 full time university students in Ghana. Structural equational modeling findings demonstrated that entrepreneurial orientation positively influenced social network ties and also positively affected entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, social network ties mediated entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention nexus. University students should try to establish formal and informal social network relations to identify business opportunities, acquire resources in order to enhance their proclivity to start a new business.
Non-Fictions and Narrative Truths
Authors: Matravers Derek
Published: September 2022

This paper starts from the fact that the study of narrative in contemporary Anglo-American philosophy is almost exclusively the study of fictional narrative. It returns to an earlier debate in which Hayden White argued that “historiography is a form of fiction-making.” Although White’s claims are hyperbolical, the paper argues that he was correct to stress the importance of the claim that fiction and non-fiction use “the same techniques and strategies.” A distinction is drawn between properties of narratives that are simply properties of narratives and properties of narratives that play a role in forming readers’ beliefs about the world. Using this distinction, it is shown that it is an important feature of non-fictions that they are narratives; it is salutary to recognise non-fictions as being more like fictions than they are like the events they represent.
Exploring the research on neuroscience as a basis to understand work-based outcomes and to formulate new insights into the effective management of human resources in the workplace: A review study
Authors: Menon Sheila , Bhagat Vidya
Published: September 2022

Neuroscience research has its origins in clinical application but is now emerging as a method to provide better understanding and insights into the cognitive-related aspects that affect people at work and in the workplace. Detailed observation highlights that not one day passes without the mass media referring to neuroscience as the solution to a variety of problems arising from non-clinical disciplines. A broad research approach into the many disciplines defined and prefixed by "neuro" is necessary in order to provide an in-depth understanding of the concepts that underlie such transformational disciplines as Nneuro-strategy, Neuro-leadership, Neuro-marketing, Neuro-economics, and Neuro-education. Purpose: The current study aims at determining a neuro-scientific strategy for conceptualizing healthier work outcomes based on human resource management. Methodology: This study is a qualitative study that uses secondary data from the literature and provides a descriptive analysis of the neuro-scientific approaches toward human resource management in order to predict better workplace outcomes. The method for completing the data search on the database used neuro-scientific predictions about, workers, work outcomes, neuroscientific management, and human resource management. Results and implications: The study demonstrates and intellectualises that neuro-scientific approaches would provide insights into human resource management which would bring about healthier work outcomes. The study results support the benefit of creating a structured method derived from classical methods of neuroscience in order to investigate a transformational neuroscientific approach and to better understand human responses and strengths through a neuroscientific approach. Conclusion: The study brings new insights to Human Resource Management at work that enhances the quality of Human Resource Management in the workplace.
Ethnic/Racial Differences in Doctoral Degree Attainment in Texas: A Multiyear Analysis
Authors: Hamrick Tama Suzanne , Slate John R , Lunenburg Frederick C
Published: September 2022

In this multiyear, statewide investigation, the degree to which changes had occurred in the numbers and percentages of doctoral degrees awarded to White, Hispanic, and Black students in Texas public postsecondary institutions from the 1999-2000 academic year through the 2018-2019 academic year was examined.  The highest numbers of doctoral degrees were awarded to White students, followed by Hispanic students and Black students, respectively.  Statistically significant differences were present for the percentages of doctoral degrees awarded to Hispanic and to Black students between the 1999-2000 academic year and the 2018-2019 academic year.  The percentage of doctoral degrees awarded to White students decreased by nearly 21%, whereas the percentage of master’s degrees awarded to Hispanic students and to Black students increased by 11.07% and 9.39%, respectively. As such, the ethnic/racial diversity of doctoral degree recipients increased over the academic years of data analyzed herein.
Ready to Serve: Community-Based Leadership Learning through a Student-Athlete Mentorship Program
Authors: OHLSON MATTHEW , Gregg Elizabeth
Published: September 2022

AbstractResearch shows that mentoring is a powerful tool to enhance community engagement and develop personal growth in student-athletes. In the Collegiate Achievement Mentoring Program [CAMP] at the [UNIVERSITY], intercollegiate student-athletes serve as leadership mentors to K-12 students. The “Mentees/Apprentices” demonstrated substantial improvements in GPA and attendance during their mentoring semester, while the intercollegiate student-athlete “Mentors/Coaches” showed improvements in GPA, public speaking confidence. This paper will share successes and challenges associated with program development and implementation along with strategies for replication at institutions globally. Keywords: Leadership Development, Mentoring, Community-based learning, Student-Athletes
EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION FOR STAGES OF PREGNANCY AND POSTPARTUM PERIOD
Authors: Ajibua Alayode Michael , Ajibua Alayode Michael , Bewaji Olaniyi Bamidele , Olatunde Abiodun Bukola
Published: September 2022

Exercise is a component of physical activity done with the intention of getting physically fit to carry out daily activities without undue stress. Habitual participation in exercise is beneficial to all categories of people, including pregnant women. The pregnancy period is regarded as a period of inactivity, but exercise during pregnancy has significant positive health benefits for the mother and the fetus. Despite the positive gains of regular engagement in exercise, many pregnant women do not participate in exercise. To increase participation of pregnant women in exercise, there is a need for women to understand the positive effects of exercise on women during pregnancy and to know exercise protocols for all the stages of pregnancy and the postpartum period. It is believed that if women are aware of the gains of participation in correct exercise regimen during pregnancy, they will be encouraged to engage in it regularly. Through this study, exercise professionals will be kept abreast of the latest research discussions in this area.
Investigation of Metaphorical Perceptions of University Students on the Concept of Sustainability
Authors: ÇAYAK SEMİH
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study is to reveal the perceptions of university students, who will form the qualified manpower of their country and who are expected to use sustainability effectively in every field in the future, about the concept of "sustainability" through metaphors. In the study, the phenomenology design was used. The data of the research were collected from 337 university students studying at Kırklareli University Faculty of Science and Literature in the spring semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. The collected data were analyzed and interpreted with content analysis technique. According to the findings, university students produced 301 valid and 137 different metaphor images regarding the concept of “sustainability”. These produced metaphor images were then categorized by considering their common features. When the common features of these metaphors were examined, 8 different categories were reached. These; sustainability in the context of continuity, sustainability in the context of need, sustainability in the context of stability/order, sustainability in the context of struggle, sustainability in the context of resource conservation, sustainability in the context of guide, sustainability in the context of innovation and sustainability in the context of value. When the categories of metaphor images created by university students for the concept of "sustainability" are examined, it is seen that sustainability is perceived most in the context of continuity. In addition, when the categories reached were evaluated as a whole, it was seen that the perceptions of university students regarding the concept of "sustainability" were generally positive.
Poetics of Humility: Animal Ethics in Elizabeth Bishop and Robert Lowell
Authors: Komura Toshiaki
Published: September 2022

Despite the “literary turn” in moral philosophy, which was precipitated by the confluence of post-structural, postmodern currents in literature and a renewed interest in Aristotle’s virtue ethics in philosophy, the field of animal ethics has largely refrained from engaging with literature. Although the oeuvres of Elizabeth Bishop and Robert Lowell include numerous poems that feature animals, they remain relatively inconspicuous in animal ethics discourse, in part because their poems have often been assumed to use animals as figurations, rather than being about animals. This article rereads Bishop’s and Lowell’s animal poems through the lens of animal ethics. Through a close analysis of Bishop’s and Lowell’s animal poems ranging from “The Moose” and “The Swan” to “Trouvée” and “Turtle,” this essay examines how Bishop’s and Lowell’s animal poems speak to and about those animals with an awareness of, and deference to, their unknowability.
Mapping Icons of Victorian Femininity: Engendering London in Nineteenth-Century Indian Accounts
Authors: Chatterjee Arup K.
Published: September 2022

Indian travelers in Victorian London began engaging with questions of nationhood, modernity, family, home, and gender roles within the ambit of reproducing the city’s imperial geography on increasingly gendered and sexist lines. The rise of Indian feminists like Sarojini Naidu, Cornelia Sorabji, Rukhmabai, and Princess Sophia notwithstanding, Indian men redrew London’s patriarchal contours. Drawing on a legacy of accounts by nineteenth-century Indian men, like T. N. Mukharji, Behramji Malabari, M. K. Gandhi, Lala Baijnath, T. B. Pandian, and G. P. Pillai, this article examines the maps of the geography of Victorian womanhood that they sought to reproduce. I argue that—while colonial travelers helped India derive administrative, bureaucratic, and architectural models—the geopolitical roots of postcolonial Indian patriarchy date back to ways in which an emotionally vulnerable Indian male gaze perceived Victorian Englishwomen. There is much to be troubled by the gendered relations that made imperial London and had an ominous afterlife in India, normalizing patriarchal expectations and codes of womanhood—a social malignancy whose etiology stems from structures of India’s colonial conflicts.
The Literary Career of Kan Kikuchi, from junbungaku to taishū bungaku: An Analysis of the Story “On the Conduct of Lord Tadanao”
Authors: Sorte Jr. Waldemiro Francisco
Published: September 2022

“On the Conduct of Lord Tadanao” (Tadanaokyō Gyōjōki 忠直卿行状記) is a tale written by Kan Kikuchi (菊池寛) and published in 1918. It recounts the story of a feudal lord of the Echizen Province (越前国) during the Edo period (江戸時代), whose behavior degenerates progressively, causing the demise of many of his retainers and finally resulting in his banishment to Kyushu by order of the Shogunate. The tale is often interpreted as an attempt to explore the psychology of a tyrant, unraveling the motives that could lead a despot to perform vile acts. Nonetheless, an examination of the author’s own statements about his story and a careful analysis of its contents reveal that “On the Conduct of Lord Tadanao” is not a historical novel about a feudal society. Rather, it is more appropriately characterized as a thematic novel, centered on the issues of alienation and solitude. Although it uses Tokugawa Japan as its background, it actually deals with problems contemporary to Kikuchi’s time and describes the characters’ interrelations and emotions closer to the behavior of modern society.
Morphological Types of Epithelial Origin Ovarian Tumours
Authors: Nazar Hadia , Lohano Kheem Chand , Kumar Ashok , Hira Aruna Kumari , Idris Azra , Lohano Lata Bai , , Ellahi Aayat
Published: September 2022

Aim: To assess the various morphological types of epithelial origin ovarian tumors. Methods: The study involved cases that were presented to the Pathology department between January 2015 to December 2020. Epithelial ovarian tumors that were diagnosed as either benign, borderline, or malignant were analyzed. The inclusion criteria involved pathological specimens of ovarian tumors consisting of cells that are epithelial in origin. Clinical records, ultrasounds, and histopathological investigations of the patients were accessed from the hospital database for analysis. Results: A total of 309 cases were reviewed. Out of these, ovarian epithelial tumors made up at least four-fifths of the total tumors i.e. 258(83.5%). Non-epithelial origin of ovarian tumors only consisted of 51(16.5%) cases. Out of these 153(49.84%) cases were diagnosed as serous, 88(28.48%) as mucinous. A total of 175(61.4%) tumors were benign, 15(5.81%) were borderline, and 68 (26.3%) were malignant. The patients with malignant serous tumors (43.24±13.99 years) were considerably older than individuals with benign (34.54 ± 13.16 years) and borderline (32.71±13.79 years) serous tumors. Conclusion: The present study concludes that epithelial ovarian cancer is the most commonly encountered lesion in our population. Benign and borderline tumors involve slightly younger age groups, mostly below forty years of age. Keywords: Carcinoma, Epithelial-origin tumors, malignancy, ovarian tumors
Frequency of outcomes of patients with pregnancy of unknown location at a tertiary care hospital.
Authors: Wajid Rabia , Ahsan Amna , Riaz Razia , Abbas Mazhar , Noor Munaza
Published: September 2022

Background: A pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) is said to occur when empty uterus is seen on a Transvaginal Scan in a female with a positive pregnancy test with absence of signs of an intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) or an ectopic pregnancy. Aim: To determine the frequency of outcomes of patients with pregnancy of unknown location at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: The study was carried out at Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Lady Willingdon hospital, Lahore. It was a Descriptive case series conducted from 2021 to May 2022. 160 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. A thorough history was obtained and levels of serum Beta-HCG recorded. Serum beta HCG levels of 25IU/L represented a positive pregnancy test. The follow up consisted of monitoring serum beta HCG levels after 48 hours and evaluation of findings of transvaginal ultrasound. The females were followed till they were placed in the category of failing PUL, an intrauterine pregnancy or an ectopic pregnancy. Data was collected from women categorized as having a PUL. Results: In this trial, of 160 cases, it was seen that 109(68.13%) had amenorrhea whereas 51(31.87%) had bleeding at the time of presentation. Frequency of outcomes of patients with pregnancy of unknown location showed that 75(46.88%) had failing PUL, 19(11.87%) had ectopic pregnancy, 15(9.38%) had persistent PUL and 51(31.87%) had intrauterine pregnancy. Conclusion: Failing PUL was the leading entity in cases of pregnancy of s unknown location followed by ectopic pregnancy and persistent PUL. However, this data is primary and needs validation through some other local trials. Keywords: Pregnancy of unknown location, outcome, failing PUL, ectopic pregnancy, persistent PUL
Efficacy of Sofosbuvir, Daclatasvir and Ribavirin Combination Therapy in Treatment Naïve Hepatitis C Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital of South Punjab
Authors: Umar Qasim , Hameed Rizwan , Gul Muhammad Asif , Zaidi Yasir Abbas , Kanju Shehryar , Shahwar Dure
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Hepatitis C has gradually become endemic in Pakistan, with infectivity rates one of the highest in the world. The emergence of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) has become a ray of sunshine in eradicating this menace from this region. The combination of sofosbuvir, daclatasvir and ribavirin (SOF/DACLA/RIBA) has had phenomenal success all over the world in eradicating this virus. Our study aims to see the effectiveness of this regime in this part of the world. Methods: After approval from the institutional review board (IRB), retrospective analysis of data of treatment naïve patients who have been treated with the above mentioned regimen was collected to assess the efficacy by calculating the sustained virological response (SVR) at 12 weeks after completion of therapy. Results: Data of 300 patients (172 females, 128 males) was collected. Mean age was 39.66 years. Majority (almost 90%) of patients were from District Multan Age range was from 18 years to 60 years. Eighty-three percent of the patients were non-cirrhotics, 15.7% had compensated cirrhosis, while only 1 % had decompensated cirrhosis. Out of the 300 patients, 291 patients had undetectable HCV RNA on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at 12 weeks after completion of treatment, achieving SVR rates of 97%. There was no significant association of SVR rates with gender and age of patients. Conclusion: The combination of SOF/DACA/RIBA is highly efficacious for treatment of hepatitis C patients. Keywords: sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, efficacy, sustained virological response, hepatitis C
Nurses’ Experiences in end-of-Life Care in an Intensive Care Unit at Tertiary Healthcare Setting, Lahore
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Mukhtar Farhan , Kousar Samina , Ghani Mansoor , Khan Mehdi Hayat
Published: September 2022

Background: End-of-life care has emerged as an essential component of health care organizations. Now a day, end-of-life care is debated more intensively among patients and their families. Moreover, nurses working in the Intensive Care Unit perform their duties under extreme pressure. A reason for this extreme stress is a shortage of nurses and other healthcare resources. Patients' and family demands at the terminal stage of life further impact nurses’ experiences of end life care. Thus, the current study was conducted with the aim of following objective. Objective: To explore Nurses’ Experiences in End-of-Life Care in an Intensive Care Unit at Tertiary Healthcare Setting, Lahore Methodology: A qualitative descriptive phenomenological research design was adopted to describe Nurses’ Experiences in End-of-Life Care in an Intensive Care Unit at Tertiary Healthcare Setting, Lahore The target population was registered nurses who have been working in intensive care units for more than one year and are actively involved in the end life care. In depth interviews were conducted with a sample of 10 nurses until saturation of responses. Results: Thematic analysis was carried-out. From the experiences of 10 nurses, 5 themes were extracted i.e. multifactorial influences of end life, financial issues, counseling, and communication, ignored care and administrative challenges for nurses. The results of the study revealed that ELC is influenced by religion and spirituality and nurses experienced problems in managing financial issues, communicating with patients and families. Conclusion: Nurses need to encourage and participate in managing financial resources for patient care and they must also be involved in continuous education programs especially focusing on therapeutic communication and professional counseling. Furthermore, administrative policies must support nurses’ sovereignty in their domain of practice. Keywords: Intensive Care Unit, Nurses’ Experiences, End life care, tertiary health care setting.
Rezension von: Mährle, Wolfgang (Hrsg.), Württemberg und die Deutsche Frage 1866–1870
Authors: Kuhn Daniel , Mährle Wolfgang
Published: September 2022

Wolfgang Mährle (Hg.), Württemberg und die Deutsche Frage 1866 – 1870. Politik – Diskurs – Historiografie (Geschichte Württembergs, Impulse der Forschung, Bd. 5). Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 2019. 293 S. mit 25 Abb. ISBN 978-3-17-037530-7. Geb. € 25,–
Clasificación de la vegetación acuática en el lago Titicaca a partir de índices del satélite Sentinel-2
Authors: Paulino Carlos , Xu Han , Gamarra Cesar , Villanueva Carmen , Siguayro Humberto
Published: September 2022

Se elaboró un algoritmo para la clasificación de la vegetación acuática del lago Titicaca a partir de índices de vegetación del satélite Sentinel-2 y de registros in situ de la cobertura espacial y la densidad de especies de macrofitas, con el propósito de delimitar la extensión del cinturón circunlacustre entre la bahía interior de Puno hasta Acora. Se utilizaron imágenes ópticas MSI (Multispectral Instrument) de 10 metros de resolución espacial de junio y noviembre 2018, a los cuales se les aplicó la corrección atmosférica Sen2Cor para obtener el valor de reflectancia espectral en la superficie del agua con el cual se  estimaron los índices NDWI, NDVI, Band ratio y AVE. Los rangos de umbral para cada índice de vegetación usados en el método de árbol de decisión para la clasificación de vegetación acuática se adaptaron según la estacionalidad y tienen correspondencia con el análisis de similitud espacial de Jaccard. El algoritmo propuesto identificó la vegetación acuática sumergida, superficial y emergente. La vegetación de totorales (emergente) presentó variación de 36 km2 de cobertura espacial entre ambos periodos analizados, mientras que la vegetación sumergida no tuvo mucha variación espacial durante el mismo periodo. Por otro lado, las macrofitas sumergidas en diferentes profundidades presentaron respuestas espectrales distintas de acuerdo con ladensidad de s u distribución espacial.
Evaluation of sars Cov -2 variants among RT-PCR tested positive COVID-19 patients at our teriary care hospital in Telangana State, India
Authors: Rani Ramavath Usha , Ramadevi Velagapalli , Jalily Qader Ahmed , Mummareddi Dinesh Eshwar
Published: September 2022

Background: The initial reports of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) came out with an outbreak in Wuhan, China on 30 December 2019 [1,2], SARS-CoV-2 has been spreading worldwide and, as of 15 July 2021, there have been 188.13 million confirmed infections and 4.06 million deaths [3]. New variants are thought to be responsible for re-infections, either after natural infection or after vaccination, as observed in Brazil and the United States, respectively. There is evidence that re-infections are already happening in India; a recent survey identified a re-infection proportion of 4.5% from a pool of 1,300 participants infected between January 2020 and October 2020. Another concern about the emergence of new variants is the potential failure of RT-PCR tests for diagnostics. Failure to target the gene encoding the spike protein was observed during detection of the 501Y.V1 variant in the UK2. Aim and Objectives of the study: The aim and objective of the current study are to identify the lineages and calculate the prevalence among our population. Methodology: The work was initiated following approvals from the Institutional Ethical Committee.
Theoretical and experimental study of honey’s viscosity in three Southern States of Nigeria
Authors: Agbajor Godwin K. , Enaroseha Omamoke O. E. , Anthony Egheneji A. , Osahon Okhuomaruyi D.
Published: September 2022

In this study, we employed Power-law (PL) and Vogel, Tamman and Fulcher (VTF) models, to evaluate viscosity as honey’s property of rheological origin. Five samples of local market honey and three samples of farm honey collected from some states in Southern Nigeria were evaluated. Using the linearization of these models, all necessary constants in the resulting equations were obtained. The assessment of these models for their suitability in this study were carried out on the basis of regression analysis, with the aid of resulting correlation coefficients (R). The results obtained showed that the values of correlation coefficient of these models were suitable for the study of viscosity using the samples of honey as a major rheological property owing to their good correlation coefficients. The obtained results qualitatively agree with those discussed in the literature.
immediate effect of induced muscular fatigue on static and dynamic balance and core strength in male volleyball players
Authors: Bhatnagar Gaurav , Sahu Rajesh Kumar , Rafi Mohammed , Ghule Shital , Ahirwal Varsha
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Muscular fatigue causes impaired joint proprioception and postural control which can affect performance. Fatigue affects the capacity of the muscle to generate force which ultimately leads to injuries and diminish performance. The effect of fatigue on static and dynamic balance in volleyball players was inadequately known. Aim: To assess the effects of induced muscular fatigue on static and dynamic balance and core strength in volleyball players. Methodology:  Twenty male volleyball players were included in the study according to inclusion criteria. Dynamic balance by functional reach test, static balance by single leg stance and strength of core were evaluated before and after inducing the fatigue.  Fatigue was induced by asking the participant to perform the squats till RPE of 10. Results: On data analysis using paired t test, a marked decrease in the single leg stance time mean from 26.63 seconds before fatigue to 22.55 seconds after inducing fatigue (p<0.05) was observed. A reduction in the functional reach distance covered by subjects from 31.8cms before fatigue to 29.33cms after inducing fatigue (p<0.05) was observed. A decrease in the core muscle strength from 42.25 mm Hg before fatigue to 41.85 mmHg after fatigue (p<0.05) was observed.