bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Business cycles and healthcare employment
Authors: Aslim Erkmen G. , Chou Shin‐Yi , De Kuhelika
Published: June 2024

Is healthcare employment recession‐proof? We examine the long‐standing hypothesis that healthcare employment is stable across the business cycle. We explicitly distinguish between negative aggregate demand and supply shocks in studying how healthcare employment responds to recessions, and show that this response depends largely on the type of the exogenous shock triggering the recession. First, aggregate healthcare employment responds procyclically during demand‐induced recessions but remains stable during supply‐induced recessions. Second, healthcare utilization drops significantly during demand‐induced recessions, explaining the decline in healthcare employment during these periods. Finally, there is significant heterogeneity in the employment responses of the healthcare sub‐sectors. While healthcare employment in most sub‐sectors responds procyclically during recessions caused by both negative demand and supply shocks, it responds countercyclically in nursing‐dominant sectors. Importantly, by isolating the recessionary impact of negative aggregate demand shocks from supply shocks on healthcare employment, we provide new empirical evidence that healthcare employment, in general, is not recession‐proof.
Understanding diabetes risk in the Y Community of Greater Brisbane: Findings from a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Campbell Lucy E. , Gomersall Sjaan R. , Tsiamis Michael , Goode Ana D. , Healy Genevieve N.
Published: June 2024

Background

This cross‐sectional study aimed to understand the need and desire for a diabetes prevention program within the Y (formerly YMCA: Young Men's Christian Association) of the Greater Brisbane region, Queensland, Australia.

Methods

An anonymous online survey was distributed (March–April 2023) by The Y Queensland targeting adults within the Greater Brisbane Y community. Data were collected on Y membership and branch attended, postcode, diabetes risk in the next 5 years (low, medium, or high), and interest in participation in a diabetes prevention program. Data were analysed via descriptives and cross tabulation with statistical significance considered at p < .05.

Results

Respondents (n = 575) were primarily female (65%), attending a Y branch located in the outer city (51%), and aged under 55 years (68%). Twenty Y sites were represented, with a mix of inner‐city, outer‐city, and regional areas. Overall, 46% (n = 241/530) of respondents were at high diabetes risk, with those living in relatively socio‐economically disadvantaged areas more likely (p < .001) to be at high‐risk (57%) than intermediate (26%) or low‐risk (18%). Most (68%) respondents were interested/potentially interested in program participation; those at high risk of developing diabetes in the next 5 years were most interested (55%).

Conclusions

The Y in Greater Brisbane may provide a suitable setting to host a community‐based diabetes prevention program. Locations outside the inner city should be prioritised to target those who are relatively socio‐economically disadvantaged to align with higher need and demand.

So What?

Findings inform the implementation and prioritisation of a community‐delivered diabetes prevention program.
Towards comprehensive mental health promotion in Australian universities: A call to action with priorities for institutional change
Authors: Luu Xuan
Published: June 2024

While comprehensive mental health promotion inherently involves individuals, there is an ongoing need to address large‐scale determinants of people's mental health and wellbeing—particularly policies and environments. To have the best possible chance of creating positive change, mental health promotion must also work throughout key mediating structures such as places of education and work. This includes universities. Yet, in their efforts to address student and staff mental health and wellbeing, Australian universities have demonstrated limited uptake of comprehensive mental health promotion approaches. In this commentary, I discuss a recent review of Australia's higher education system—the Australian Universities Accord—as a catalyst for strengthening institutional action and change through a comprehensive mental health promotion lens. I discuss key findings—and silences—made clear throughout the review process. I then advocate several urgent priorities for university‐level change—across institutional assessment, institutional accountability and performance, and institutional leadership and power—if Australia's universities are genuinely committed to improving mental health and wellbeing among students and staff.
Model‐based quantitative photoacoustic tomography with directional total variation
Authors: Liu Jiaming , Qi Li , Feng Yanqiu , Hu Qiugen , Zhang Shuangyang
Published: June 2024

In photoacoustic tomography (PAT), acoustic inversion aims to recover the spatial distribution of light energy deposition within the imaging object from the signals captured by detectors. To achieve quantitative imaging, optical inversion is further employed to derive absorption coefficient (AC) images. However, limitations such as restricted detection angles and inherent noise lead to substantial artifacts and degradation in the quality of PAT images, consequently affecting the accuracy of optical inversion results. In this study, we propose a directional total variation constrained optical inversion model to reconstruct the AC image. By incorporating anatomy prior information into the optical inversion process, our method can effectively suppress artifacts in AC images while maintaining structural integrity. Simulation, phantom, and in vivo experimental results demonstrate that our method significantly improves the reconstructed AC image quality. Our method provides a reliable foundation for achieving high‐quality quantitative PAT imaging.
Recent advancements in natural polymers‐based self‐healing nano‐materials for wound dressing
Authors: Anand Kumar , Sharma Rishi , Sharma Neelima
Published: June 2024

The field of wound healing has witnessed remarkable progress in recent years, driven by the pursuit of advanced wound dressings. Traditional dressing materials have limitations like poor biocompatibility, nonbiodegradability, inadequate moisture management, poor breathability, lack of inherent therapeutic properties, and environmental impacts. There is a compelling demand for innovative solutions to transcend the constraints of conventional dressing materials for optimal wound care. In this extensive review, the therapeutic potential of natural polymers as the foundation for the development of self‐healing nano‐materials, specifically for wound dressing applications, has been elucidated. Natural polymers offer a multitude of advantages, possessing exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. The intricate engineering strategies employed to fabricate these polymers into nanostructures, thereby imparting enhanced mechanical robustness, flexibility, critical for efficacious wound management has been expounded. By harnessing the inherent properties of natural polymers, including chitosan, alginate, collagen, hyaluronic acid, and so on, and integrating the concept of self‐healing materials, a comprehensive overview of the cutting‐edge research in this emerging field is presented in the review. Furthermore, the inherent self‐healing attributes of these materials, wherein they exhibit innate capabilities to autonomously rectify any damage or disruption upon exposure to moisture or body fluids, reducing frequent dressing replacements have also been explored. This review consolidates the existing knowledge landscape, accentuating the benefits and challenges associated with these pioneering materials while concurrently paving the way for future investigations and translational applications in the realm of wound healing.
Conventionally instrumented inverse kinematic alignment for total knee arthroplasty: How is it done?
Authors: Russell Shane P. , Keyes Sara , Hirschmann Michael T. , Harty James A.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

For primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), there is an increasing trend towards patient‐specific alignment strategies such as kinematic alignment (KA) and inverse kinematic alignment (iKA), which by restoring native joint mechanics may yield higher patient satisfaction rates. Second, the most recent Australian joint registry report describes favourable revision rates for conventionally instrumented TKA compared to technology‐assisted techniques such as those using navigation, robotics or custom‐cutting blocks. The aim of this technique article is to describe in detail a surgical technique for TKA that: (1) utilises the principles of iKA and (2) uses conventionally instrumented guided resections thereby avoiding the use of navigation, robotics or custom blocks.

Methods

A TKA technique is described, whereby inverse kinematic principles are utilised and patient‐specific alignment is achieved. Additionally, the patellofemoral compartment of the knee is restored to the native patellofemoral joint line. The sequenced technical note provided may be utilised for cemented or cementless components; cruciate retaining or sacrificing designs and for fixed or rotating platforms.

Results

An uncomplicated, robust and reproducible technique for TKA is described.

Discussion

Knee arthroplasty surgeons may wish to harness the emerging benefits of both a conventionally instrumented technique and a patient‐specific alignment strategy.

Level of Evidence

Level V.
Dramatically elevated plasma vascular endothelial growth factor levels from influenza A infection in polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes syndrome: A case report
Authors: Kannan Ashwin , Zhuo Ying , Banerjee Rahul
Published: June 2024

We present a patient with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome who had a dramatic and sustained elevation in plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels from 182 to 740 pg/mL while on lenalidomide‐dexamethasone therapy. Given his biochemical evidence of progression, second‐line daratumumab was added. In hindsight, a concurrent influenza A infection was the likely driver of his VEGF elevation rather than his underlying POEMS syndrome. Given the importance of longitudinal VEGF monitoring and the infectious risks of plasma cell therapies, our case highlights the need for caution with POEMS response assessments in the setting of a respiratory viral infection.
The promotion and implementation of open science measures among high‐performing journals from Brazil, Mexico, Portugal, and Spain
Authors: Fradkin Chris , Mugnaini Rogério
Published: June 2024

This study empirically examined the promotion and implementation of open science measures among high‐performing journals of Brazil, Mexico, Portugal, and Spain. Journal policy related to data sharing, materials sharing, preregistration, open peer review, and consideration of preprints and replication studies was gathered from the websites of the journals. Four hundred articles were coded for the inclusion of data availability statements, conflict of interest disclosures, funding disclosures, DOI, ORCID, and continuous publishing. Analyses found a higher promotion of open science measures among Brazilian journals than their Portuguese counterparts, and higher promotion of open science measures among international journals than their domestic counterparts. Analyses found higher implementation of open science measures among Brazilian journals than their Portuguese and Mexican counterparts. One journal out of 40 encouraged preregistration of studies; none encouraged replication studies and none had implemented open peer review. These findings reveal reasonably strong implementation of secondary open science measures (e.g., DOI, ORCID, conflict of interest and funding source disclosure) among the sample, but weaker implementation of primary measures (e.g., open data, open materials, replication studies and open peer review). The implications of these findings are considered and suggestions are made to bolster the adoption of open science measures among Ibero‐American scientific journals.
On a class of Hausdorff type operators on interval
Authors: Danelyan Elena , Karapetyants Alexey
Published: June 2024

The paper studies integral operators on the interval of real line which naturally arise in some problems in the theory of integral equations and mathematical physics. We study boundedness in weighted Lebesgue spaces: Sufficient and necessary conditions for boundedness are given. Also, special important particular cases of operators and spaces are considered as examples. We construct identity approximation within the framework of the class of operators under study, and two different approaches are given.
Study of slope stability analysis method based on equivalent Mohr‐Coulomb strength parameters of three‐dimensional stress state
Authors: Wu Shunchuan , Xia Lei , Han Longqiang , Chu Chaoqun , Zhang Min , Han Shun
Published: June 2024

Most rock slope stability analysis methods are based on the Hoke–Brown criterion under a two‐dimensional state of stress, which somewhat ignores the effect of intermediate principal stress. In this paper, by introducing the improved three‐dimensional H‐B criterion into the Meridian plane, the tangent line of a point on the H‐B strength envelope is regarded as its instantaneous equivalent M‐C parameter. Based on this, a formula for solving the equivalent M‐C strength parameters under a three‐dimensional stress state is established to describe the shear strength parameters of rock mass, considering different stress states. Taking three kinds of rocks as examples, the influence of the intermediate principal stress on their strength parameters is analyzed. On this basis, the realization scheme of the nonlinear strength reduction method is established, the stability of the slope is studied, and an example verifies the feasibility of this method. This method fully considers the nonlinear characteristics of rock slope strength parameters under a three‐dimensional stress state and provides a solid basis for slope stability analysis.
Modified eco‐friendly and biodegradable chitosan‐based sustainable semiconducting thin films
Authors: Lokesh Kumar S. , Servesh Anushka , Sunitha V. R. , Prasad J. Raj , Tabassum Sumaiya , Ramaraj Sankar Ganesh , Kumar Niraj , Govindaraju Santhosh
Published: June 2024

Semiconducting materials are pivotal in various fields, such as solar cells, LEDs, photovoltaic cells, etc. A nature‐friendly chitosan is a good film‐forming, water‐soluble polymer that is modified to a small band‐gap polymer for various optoelectronic applications. Choline chloride:ethylene glycol:glycerin (1:1:1) deep eutectic solvent (DES)‐modified activated carbon is incorporated into the chitosan matric and this composite is fabricated into thin films via spin coating methodology. The obtained films are subjected to multiple studies such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), impedance spectroscopy, and UV–vis spectroscopy to perceive the thin‐films microstructure, morphology, conductance, band gap, and optical nature. The integration of DES‐modified activated carbon has significantly improved the charge transfer capacity of chitosan by reducing the band gap from 4.0 to 2.0 eV. These notable characteristics exhibited by the modified films can be key to sustainable semiconducting materials and have the potential to transform several optoelectronic applications.
Innovation of advanced polymers from seafood waste: Applications of chitin and chitosan
Authors: Lalarukh  , Hussain Syed Makhdoom , Ali Shafaqat , Zahoor Ameer Fawad , Azmat Hamda , Nazish Nadia , Alshehri Mohammed Ali , Riaz Danish , Naeem Eman , Mahrukh
Published: June 2024

Despite their importance to global economies, the aquaculture and seafood sectors are major contributors to waste, which is a problem for the environment. Because of its biocompatibility and recyclability, fish waste, which is rich in chitin and chitosan—holds potential in several fields. The shells of crustaceans are the source of chitin and chitosan, two substances with versatile and useful qualities. Although it is not very soluble, chitin is very biocompatible and biodegradable, much like cellulose. The more versatile and solubilized chitosan is made when chitin is deacetylated. About half of seafood waste is made up of cephalothoraxes and shrimp exoskeletons, and chitin is the second most common polysaccharide in the world. An eco‐friendly strategy for managing seafood waste and creating value may be found in investigating these compounds originating from the ocean. The byproduct of fish scales, chitosan, has many uses in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, culinary, and aquaculture industries. Greener ways of chitin extraction include enzymatic deproteinization and microbial fermentations, as well as biological approaches like demineralization and deproteinization. Chitosan has several potential uses in biomedicine, food technology, and tissue engineering because of its acid solubility and precipitation at pH values greater than 6.0. It may be used in wound healing, water treatment, and agriculture due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antibacterial qualities. Research on chitosan supplementation in several fish species suggests that it may improve immune responses. However, further research is needed to properly comprehend this. Oral chitosan use has the potential to lead to a more efficient and environmentally friendly aquaculture industry.
Particle filter‐based prognostics for composite curing process
Authors: Balaji Aravind , Dumas David , Pierard Olivier , Sbarufatti Claudio , Cadini Francesco
Published: June 2024

Process‐induced deformation (PID) arises in thermoset parts due to internal residual stress developed from their anisotropic properties, resulting in distortions. While passive numerical manufacturing control exists, active manufacturing control is crucial for enhancing the manufacturing process. The work focuses on diagnosing the polymerization reaction, known as the curing process, to consider the influence of uncertainties in thermal loading conditions on the behavior of cure kinetics. This is achieved using a Particle Filter approach, wherein a posterior distribution of cure evolution is recursively approximated based on observed measurements from characterization tests. The algorithm is designed to simultaneously perform the diagnosis and prognosis of the Degree of Cure and PID. This approach adopts the augmented cure formulation to address various scenarios with uncertainties in thermal loading conditions. It offers the advantage of providing comparable PID predictions with minimal computational costs. C‐shaped thermoset parts made of epoxy/carbon fibers with varying thicknesses are cured using the Manufacturing Recommended Curing Cycle, and the predictions with the developed algorithm are validated against experimental measures. Upon validation, the converged prognosis capability of the Particle Filter model is employed to assess the impact of thermal loading uncertainty on cure profiles, which, in turn, affects the final PIDs outcome.

Highlights

A Bayesian sampling approach enables the estimation of cure kinetics parameters.

The estimated stochastic parameters forecast the process‐induced deformations.

The augmented Degree of Cure accounts for uncertainties linked to thermal loadings.

Analysis on AS4/8552 C‐shaped parts shows the cure kinetics impact.

The framework reduces the computational costs required for active control.
Characterization and modeling of an epoxy vitrimer based on disulfide exchange for wet filament winding applications
Authors: Lorenz N. , Zawadzki T. , Keller L. , Fuchs J. , Fischer K. , Hopmann Ch.
Published: June 2024

The present paper investigates the suitability of a vitrimeric epoxy resin for processing in the wet filament winding (WFW) process to manufacture fiber‐reinforced polymers (FRP). Comprehensive material characterization of a commercially available epoxy and vitrimeric resin based on disulfide exchange is carried out, and the processing in WFW is evaluated by analyzing thermomechanical, rheological, thermochemical properties, and chemical shrinkage. The direct comparison of a vitrimer and an established epoxy resin permits an indication of the processability and necessary adjustments in WFW. Based on the implications of modeling, we demonstrate the processing of the vitrimeric resin in the WFW process by increasing the resin bath temperatures. The vitrimer's and conventional resin's elastic modulus development and compression behavior were similar, highlighting the vitrimeric resin's potential. Further, the results confirm that established characterization and modeling routines can be transferred to vitrimeric resins and, therefore, path the way toward advanced process simulation of vitrimeric resin's processing. For this, the present publication gives essential advice for setting up testing schedules for characterizing epoxy vitrimers' processing behavior and their appropriate modeling. The present work underlines the potential of applying commercially available dynamic hardeners to manufacture recyclable and malleable FRP in established processes.

Highlights

Material characterization and modeling of wet filament winding process.

Wet filament winding of epoxy vitrimers.

Thermomechanical and chemical shrinkage characterization of epoxy vitrimers.

Rheological and kinetic modeling of epoxy vitrimer.
Enhanced melt flow UHMWPE/HDPE blends melt spinning and performance study
Authors: Wang Gonghao , Liu Jie , Qin Shengxue , Zhang Hongbin , Zhou Haiping
Published: June 2024

The extremely low melt flowability of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is the primary obstacle to its melt processing. Particularly in melt spinning processes, the extremely high molecular weight of UHMWPE and the density of entangled molecular chains severely limit its production efficiency and monofilament performance. This study investigates the effect of flow modifiers on the melt spinning process of UHMWPE/HDPE blends, focusing on CaSt2, PEG, and CaSt2/silicone powder composite additives, and their impact on the standard tensile samples and monofilament tensile properties of UHMWPE/HDPE. The mechanism of additive influence on the tensile properties of UHMWPE/HDPE blends is analyzed through tensile strength testing, thermal analysis, and microscopic morphology observation. The results show that in standard tensile samples, CaSt2 or CaSt2/silicone powder composite additives can enhance the crystallinity of the blend, thereby improving its tensile strength. Conversely, adding PEG significantly reduces the crystallinity and tensile strength of the blend. The maximum tensile strength of CaSt2‐modified UHMWPE/HDPE monofilament is 1236.61 MPa. This enhancement is attributed to the lubricating effect of CaSt2, which simultaneously assists the molecular chains in the amorphous region, and the reorientation of the stress‐induced molten lamellar structure under tension, greatly promoting the formation of straight‐chain crystals in the monofilament. During hot drawing, PEG inhibits the formation of straight‐chain crystals in the monofilament, resulting in a 3.06% decrease in maximum crystallinity compared with standard tensile samples. When CaSt2 is combined with silicone powder, the additives tend to aggregate during hot drawing, and these larger aggregate particles hinder the orientation of molecular chains along the drawing direction, resulting in a 30.75% decrease in maximum tensile strength of the monofilament compared with the standard tensile samples.

Highlights

The tensile property of UHMWPE/HDPE blends modified with additives was discussed.

Analytical techniques including DSC, SEM, and tensile strength tests were used.

The maximum tensile strength of the monofilament can reach up to 1236.61 MPa.

UHMWPE/HDPE/CaSt2 = 60/40/0.5 exhibits the best tensile property.
Synthesis and properties of novel colorless polyimide containing indene and amide groups
Authors: Lu Zhaohui , Li Dongpeng , Gu Qian , Qian Guangtao , Li Dandan , Chen Chunhai
Published: June 2024

Two novel diamines 1‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐1,3,3‐trimethyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐5‐amine and 4‐amino‐N‐(4‐(5‐(4‐aminobenzamide)‐1,3,3‐trimethyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐yl) phenyl) benzamide containing indene and amide groups were successfully designed and synthesized, and a series of colorless polyimides (CPIs) derived from the two diamines with 1,2,4,5‐cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride in various ratios were copolymerized. The introduction of aliphatic ring structures was conducive to the improvement of optical properties, while the incorporation of amide groups improved thermal and mechanical properties. These CPI films exhibited excellent optical properties (T400 > 80%), high heat resistance (Tg > 300 °C) and mechanical properties with the synergistic action of the two groups. Furthermore, the effect of the content of amide groups on the intermolecular interaction of CPIs was systematically analyzed. This study provides a fancy method for the development of heat‐resistant colorless materials for optical applications.
Validation of de novo designed water‐soluble and transmembrane β‐barrels by in silico folding and melting
Authors: Hermosilla Alvaro Martin , Berner Carolin , Ovchinnikov Sergey , Vorobieva Anastassia A.
Published: June 2024

In silico validation of de novo designed proteins with deep learning (DL)‐based structure prediction algorithms has become mainstream. However, formal evidence of the relationship between a high‐quality predicted model and the chance of experimental success is lacking. We used experimentally characterized de novo water‐soluble and transmembrane β‐barrel designs to show that AlphaFold2 and ESMFold excel at different tasks. ESMFold can efficiently identify designs generated based on high‐quality (designable) backbones. However, only AlphaFold2 can predict which sequences have the best chance of experimentally folding among similar designs. We show that ESMFold can generate high‐quality structures from just a few predicted contacts and introduce a new approach based on incremental perturbation of the prediction (“in silico melting”), which can reveal differences in the presence of favorable contacts between designs. This study provides a new insight on DL‐based structure prediction models explainability and on how they could be leveraged for the design of increasingly complex proteins; in particular membrane proteins which have historically lacked basic in silico validation tools.
Influence of Parameters in Vapor Transport Equilibration Treatment on Composition and Homogeneity of LiTaO3 Single Crystals
Authors: Gonzalez Minerva , Margueron Samuel , Murauskas Tomas , Boulet Pascal , Gauthier‐Manuel Ludovic , Dulmet Bernard , Bartasyte Ausrine
Published: June 2024

The effect of key parameters such as time, temperature, and equilibration powder concentration in vapor transport equilibration (VTE) treatment on the Li2O content of initially congruent X‐, Y‐, and Z‐cut LiTaO3 crystals is experimentally investigated. The Li2O content across the thickness of the crystal is estimated by Raman spectroscopy with accuracy of 0.05–0.15 mol%. The Li2O loss from equilibration powders has been monitored as a function of treatment temperature and duration. The results show that the Li2O content in the crystal nonlinearly depends on the equilibration powder composition and that homogeneous stoichiometric LiTaO3 crystals can be obtained by treatment for at least 36h at 1250°C in Li2O‐rich atmosphere, created by powders containing >54 mol% of Li2O. The anisotropic Li+ diffusion coefficients and its activation energy are also experimentally estimated. Finally, the VTE conditions are defined for the production of different cuts of LiTaO3 crystals with controlled homogeneous Li2O nonstoichiometry in the range from subcongruent to stoichiometric compositions.
Investigation of sensing behavior of carbon nitride (C6N8) for detection of phosphine (PH3) and phosphorous trichloride (PCl3): A DFT approach
Authors: Jamil Rabia , Saleem Uzma , Ahmed Hina , Nadeem Hafsah , Alghamdi Abeer Ahmed , Ayub Khurshid , Iqbal Javed
Published: June 2024

This study shows the exploration of the gas‐sensing capabilities of C6N8 material against toxic gases like phosphine (PH3) and phosphorous trichloride (PCl3). First‐principles study based on M05‐2X/LanL2DZ (d, p) method was performed to investigate the interaction energy (Eint.), frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), natural bonding orbital (NBO), noncovalent interactions (NCIs), partial density of states (PDOS), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analyses. The interaction energy results showed that PCl3@C6N8 (−23.45 kJ/mol) is more stable than PH3@C6N8 (−14.79 kJ/mol). A considerable decrease in the HOMO‐LUMO band gap of C6N8 was observed as a result of its complexation with the analytes. QTAIM and NCI analyses indicated the presence of weak noncovalent interactions between C6N8 and gases (PH3 and PCl3). SAPT0 analysis was performed to quantify the NCIs. MEP maps of complexes revealed the localization of electronic density on C6N8. The little recovery time of complexes (determined at 300 K) showed that C6N8 can serve as a reusable sensing material against PH3 and PCl3. Our results demonstrate that the C6N8 surface is a reliable material for detecting phosphine and phosphorous trichloride gases.
In Situ‐Tunable Spin–Spin Interactions in a Penning Trap with In‐Bore Optomechanics
Authors: Pham Joseph H. , Jee Julian Y. Z. , Rischka Alexander , Biercuk Michael J. , Wolf Robert N.
Published: June 2024

Experimental implementations of quantum simulation must balance control‐field‐induced decoherence with the controllability of the quantum system. The ratio of coherent interaction strength to decoherence induced by stimulated emission in atomic systems is typically determined by hardware constraints, limiting the flexibility needed to explore different operating regimes. Here, an optomechanical system is presented for in situ tuning of the coherent spin‐motion and spin‐spin interaction strength in 2D ion crystals in a Penning trap. Enabled by precision closed‐loop piezo‐actuated positioners integrated into the confined space of a superconducting magnet's bore, the system allows tuning of the angle‐of‐incidence of Raman laser beams up to , governing the ratio of coherent to incoherent light‐matter interaction for fixed optical power. System characterization involves measurements of the induced mean‐field spin precession under the application of an optical dipole force in ion crystals cooled below the Doppler limit through electromagnetically induced transparency cooling. These experiments show approximately a variation in the coherent to incoherent interaction ratio with changing , consistent with theoretical predictions. The system stability is characterized over 6000 s, resulting in a drift rate of h–1. These technical developments will be crucial in future quantum simulations and sensing applications.
Bronchial occlusion with endobronchial Watanabe spigots using a two‐scope technique for massive haemoptysis
Authors: Baba Tomoya , Ito Takayasu , Sato Yoshiki , Hayai Shunsaku , Koyama Junji , Nakamura Shota , Tokuda Yoshiyuki , Chen‐Yoshikawa Toyofumi Fengshi , Ishii Makoto
Published: June 2024

Massive haemoptysis is a life‐threatening condition whose cause needs to be identified rapidly so that prompt interventions can ensue. Bronchial occlusion with endobronchial Watanabe spigots (EWSs) may be useful when endovascular treatment or surgery proves to be difficult. An 84‐year‐old woman developed massive haemoptysis during percutaneous mitral valve repair for refractory heart failure due to severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Interventional radiology (IVR) and surgery were contraindicated, and bronchial occlusion with EWSs was attempted to control bleeding. The bleeding was so persistent that it was difficult to secure the visual field without aspiration with a bronchoscope. Herein, we report a two‐scope technique, also used in cryobiopsy of peripheral lung lesions, to control bleeding and perform bronchial occlusion with EWSs.
Leader‐following consensus control for feedforward nonlinear multiagent systems under DoS attacks with attack detection delays
Authors: Zhang Liuliu , Zhao Jiaao , Qian Cheng , Hua Changchun
Published: June 2024

This article investigates the leader‐follower consensus control problem of a feedforward nonlinear multiagent system under denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. Compared with the existing results on the consensus control of multiagent systems under DoS attacks, this article considers a class of feedforward multiagent systems with nonlinear functions that are less conservative, and takes into account asynchronous DoS attacks with attack detection delay. To address these problems, firstly, a new class of topological switching sequences and Laplacian matrices are designed based on the properties of the considered DoS attacks to convert the DoS attacks with attack detection delay problems into a class of topological switching problems. Then, a distributed dynamic gain compensator and an output feedback controller are constructed for each follower by using the output information of neighbor agents that are not intercepted by the attacks. Afterwards, by using piecewise Lyapunov functions, it is proven that if the DoS signal satisfies the condition of time‐varying average dwell time (ADT), then the followers can asymptotically track the state of the leader. Finally, a numerical example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the control algorithm.
Precision fabrication of polymer nanostructures on recyclable DNA template
Authors: Lin Zi'an , Xu Xuemei , Shi Yiwei , Wu Yuzhou
Published: June 2024

The fabrication of precisely patterned polymers at the nanoscale is of critical importance. We have previously succeeded in creating various nanopatterned polymers with nanoscale resolution through the use of in situ atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) techniques on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) origami. However, separating nanopatterned polymers from the origami template without damaging the origami presents a significant challenge, thereby increasing costs and limiting the development of applications involving nanopatterned polymers. Here, we achieved spatially and temporally controlled release of DNA origami templates through photo‐regulation by incorporating azobenzene‐modified DNA into the initiator. Under UV exposure, azobenzene isomerization rapidly induces the disassociation of patterned polymers from the origami template at ambient temperatures, without damaging the DNA origami. Additionally, the released origami template can be reused as a template for the cyclic production of nanopatterned polymers. This method provides a pathway for the large‐scale production of patterned polymers at reduced costs and facilitates dynamic control over the polymer‐DNA complex, with potential applications in both the biomedical and chemical fields.
Nanopore Identification of L‐, D‐Lactic Acids, D‐Glucose and Gluconic Acid in the Serum of Human and Animals
Authors: Jia Wendong , Ouyang Yusheng , Zhang Shanyu , Zhang Panke , Huang Shuo
Published: June 2024

DL‐Lactic acid and D‐glucose are important human health indicators. Their aberrant levels in body fluids may indicate a variety of human pathological conditions, suggesting an urgent need of daily monitoring. However, simultaneous and rapid analysis of DL‐lactic acid and D‐glucose using a sole but simple sensing system has never been reported. Here, an engineered Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A (MspA) nanopore is used to simultaneously identify DL‐lactic acid and D‐glucose. Highly distinguishable nanopore event features are reported. Assisted with a custom machine learning algorithm, direct identification of DL‐lactic acid and D‐glucose is performed with human serum, demonstrating its sensing reliability against complex and heterogeneous samples. This sensing strategy is further applied in the analysis of different animal serum samples, according to which gluconic acid is further identified. The serum samples from different animals report distinguishable levels of DL‐lactic acid, D‐glucose and gluconic acid, suggesting its potential applications in agricultural science and breeding industry. This sensing strategy is generally direct, rapid, economic and requires only ≈µL of input serum, suitable for point of care testing (POCT) applications.
Self‐control or social control? Peer effects on temptation consumption
Authors: Chuang Yating
Published: June 2024

This paper examines peer effects on self‐control problems. I construct a theoretical model to describe how peer networks influence consumption behaviors through social norms. Using monthly survey data conducted in 16 Thai villages from 1999 through 2004, I find that peer's temptation consumption significantly impacts individuals' temptation consumption such as alcohol, tobacco, and gambling. A one baht (around $0.025 U.S. dollars) increase in peer's temptation consumption leads to a 1.5 times increase in one's own temptation consumption. With detailed household‐level social network information defined by actual transactions, this paper identifies peer effects using a friend of a friend (excluded network) as the instrument. The panel nature of this instrument overcomes various common identification challenges, such as reflection, correlated effects, and common unobservable shocks, in the literature. My findings suggest that these peer effects are driven primarily by social norms, rather than risk sharing.
Moisture‐Induced High‐Quality Perovskite Film in Air for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Li Yan , Zheng Yue , Song Xiangfei , Zhang Wanqi , Huang Meilan , Tao Xia
Published: June 2024

The quality of perovskite light‐harvesting layer is known to be the most critical factor for the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a facile ambient air‐aging process (AAP, 20%–30% RH) is adopted to realize the fabrication of high‐quality Cs0.15FA0.75MA0.1PbI3 perovskite films, thereby upgrading device performance. We find that the perovskite crystallinity after AAP for 10 d is greatly intensified, with large grain size and preferred crystal orientation along (110) and (220) planes. Comparative studies on the Ag‐based devices employing the perovskite films upon exposing to different atmospheres, i.e., dry N2, dry O2, N2, and H2O (20%–30% RH) and ambient air (20%–30% RH), demonstrate that H2O molecules in air rather than O2 molecules induce an effective defect passivation that holds the multiple functions in enhancing the quality of perovskite film, inhibiting the nonradiative recombination, prolonging the carrier lifetime, and improving the energy level matching, etc. Moreover, the positive effect of H2O in ambient atmosphere on cell performance is irreversible and remains even if moisture escapes. Finally, the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of device based on the AAP‐induced film is increased from 18.24 ± 1.49 to 21.34 ± 0.76, with the champion PCE up to 22.60%. Also, the device with AAP exhibits better moisture resistance capability. Herein, it offers a viable AAP‐induced route for the perovskite ﬁlms with superb optoelectronic properties that can be subsequently extended to the design and construction of other photovoltaic devices for practical application.
An automated model‐based testing approach for the self‐adaptive behavior of the unmanned aircraft system application software
Authors: Javed Zainab , Iqbal Muhammad Zohaib , Khan Muhammad Uzair , Usman Muhammad , Jilani Atif Aftab Ahmed
Published: June 2024

The unmanned aircraft system (UAS) is rapidly gaining popularity in civil and military domains. A UAS consists of an application software that is responsible for defining a UAS mission and its expected behavior. A UAS during its mission experiences changes (or interruptions) that require the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in a UAS to self‐adapt, that is, to adjust both its behavior and position in real‐time, particularly for maintaining formation in the case of a UAS swarm. This adaptation is critical as the UAS operates in an open environment, interacting with humans, buildings, and neighboring UAVs. To verify if a UAS correctly makes an adaptation, it is important to test it. The current industrial practice for testing the self‐adaptive behaviors in UAS is to carry out testing activities manually. This is particularly true for existing UAS rather than newly developed ones. Manual testing is time‐consuming and allows the execution of a limited set of test cases. To address this problem, we propose an automated model‐based approach to test the self‐adaptive behavior of UAS application software. The work is conducted in collaboration with an industrial partner and demonstrated through a case study of UAS swarm formation flight application software. Further, the approach is verified on various self‐adaptive behaviors for three open‐source autopilots (i.e., Ardu‐Copter, Ardu‐Plane, and Quad‐Plane). Using the proposed model‐based testing approach we are able to test sixty unique self‐adaptive behaviors. The testing results show that around 80% of the behavior adaptations are correctly executed by UAS application software.
What's in a Name? Global Englishes—An Umbrella Term to Address Silo Mentality or a Misunderstood Paradigm Reinforcing Silos?
Authors: Galloway Nicola
Published: June 2024

In this article, I explore growing scholarship in various sub‐fields of Applied Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition (SLA) that explore the use of English in an increasingly globalized and multilingual world. With different, yet overlapping, conceptual frameworks to guide research, scholarship in various fields provide a growing evidence base on the need for change in TESOL curricula to better reflect the global use of English, and other languages, in an ever‐increasingly globalized world. I explore the introduction of Global Englishes (GE), an umbrella term and inclusive paradigm that was introduced to unite scholarship across the fields of World Englishes (WE), English as an International Language (EIL), English as a Lingua Franca (ELF), and to draw parallels with translanguaging and multilingualism. I provide clarity on the introduction of this broader paradigm, which aimed to unite such scholarship into a comprehensible framework to guide and facilitate a paradigm shift in TESOL curricula away from outdated “native” English norms. I end with a call to focus less on terminology and for scholars to work flexibly across academic boundaries to connect scholarship, particularly when it has a shared goal of achieving a more equitable English language education.
Ventral corporal reinforcement using a pericardium allograft (Tutoplast®) in a patient undergoing urethrectomy procedure with an inflatable penile prosthesis in place: A case report
Authors: Mahdi Mohammed , Leung Shannon , Pettaway Curtis , Wang Run
Published: June 2024

Background

Erectile dysfunction is a common consequence following radical cystectomy (RC), with inflatable penile prostheses (IPPs) placement considered as the gold standard for refractory cases. Urethral recurrence post‐RC necessitates urethrectomy, which poses challenges for patients with an IPP in place. The thinning of the ventral tunica albuginea during urethrectomy may increase the risk of corporal disruption and IPP cylinder aneurysm, affecting device functionality. This case report introduces a novel surgical technique using Tutoplast, a human‐derived pericardium allograft, for corporal reinforcement during urethrectomy in the presence of an in‐situ IPP.

Methods

A 74‐year‐old male, with a history of robotic‐assisted RC and IPP presented with recurrent bleeding per urethra. Imaging revealed urethral masses. The patient underwent total urethrectomy which resulted in significant thinning of the ventral tunica albuginea. To prevent device aneurysm or mechanical failure, a Tutoplast graft was used intraoperatively to reinforce the thinned tunica. Patient was followed up six months postoperatively.

Results

Final pathology showed urethral high‐grade papillary urothelial carcinoma. Postoperatively, the patient exhibited smooth recovery, with normal IPP functionality up to the 6‐month follow‐up period. While Tutoplast has been used in other settings, its application in preventing IPP malfunction posturethrectomy is a unique contribution.

Conclusion

Corporal reinforcement using Tutoplast during urethrectomy in patients with an existing IPP presents a simple and cost‐effective solution to mitigate the risks of corporal disruption and IPP cylinder aneurysms. The positive outcomes demonstrated in this case report warrant further studies on larger patient populations and longer follow‐up periods to assess the long‐term outcomes of this technique.
Dispensing antimicrobials to farmers in Wales: The roles and experiences of veterinary practice staff
Authors: Butler Deborah , Rees Gwen M. , Reyher Kristen , Bard Alison
Published: June 2024

Background

Veterinary practice staff are directly involved in the dispensing of prescription veterinary medicines (POM‐Vs) to farmers as prescribed by registered veterinary surgeons to animals ‘under their care’. The role of veterinary practice staff has, to date, been underresearched. The objective of this study was to investigate the roles played by veterinary practice staff, exploring their expectations and perceptions of the front‐of‐house (FoH) role, their interactions with clients in day‐to‐day veterinary practice and their experiences relating to the dispensing of POM‐Vs.

Methods

Thematic analysis was used to analyse data from 20 semi‐structured interviews of veterinary practice staff. Participants were recruited from 80% of the large animal or mixed species veterinary practices across Wales.

Results

Four key themes—‘piggy in the middle’, learning on the job, practice organisation and facilitating change—were identified, illustrating the multifaceted and diverse nature of this type of employment.

Limitations

This study is not intended to be representative of the perceptions of FoH staff on the dispensing of antimicrobials. Larger‐scale studies are required to substantiate these findings.

Conclusion

Understanding the roles of non‐clinical veterinary staff allows practice managers and veterinary surgeons to better identify and meet training and staffing needs and improves recognition of this key area of practice work.
Haemosporidian parasites (Apicomplexa, Haemosporida) of breeding common starling Sturnus vulgaris in Latvia
Authors: Rimša Antonija , Schmid Raffaella , Ilgaža Aija , Briedis Martins , Keišs Oskars , Hahn Steffen
Published: June 2024

Migratory behaviour in seasonal environments affects host–pathogen relationships, especially for vector‐transmitted blood parasites of the order Haemosporida. The common starling Sturnus vulgaris is a short‐distance migrant where the north‐eastern European breeding population spend the non‐breeding season in temperate mild western Europe. Despite the high abundance and known susceptibility as a host, blood parasitism in wild starlings has rarely been studied with molecular methods. Here, we monitored haemosporidian parasitism in a Latvian starling population over four breeding seasons. We found a total annual parasite prevalence of 2.7–15.7% caused by four Haemoproteus, three Plasmodium, and one Leucocytozoon cytochrome‐b (cyt‐b) genetic lineages. Herein, seven of these lineages have been recorded for the first time in the common starling as host. Lineage‐specific parasitemia was generally low (Haemoproteus range: 0.008–1.028%, Plasmodium range: 0.002–0.005%, Leucocytozoon range: 0.003–0.004%) indicating chronic infection stages in all parasitised hosts during the breeding season. Additionally, the proportion of leukocytes in peripheral blood was enhanced in infected compared to non‐infected hosts indicating activated immune defence during the chronic infection stage. Finally, 11% (3 out of 27) of individuals had cleared the infection from peripheral blood after one year. Causes for the variability in infection prevalence in common starlings across years, as well as the transmission period during the host annual cycle, are still open for future studies.