bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Insecticides on Eggs of Callosobruchus chinensis L. Using Different Types of Pulse Seeds
Authors: Pramanik MZA , Sardar MA
Published: April 2008

Experiments were carried out in the laboratory to assess the effectiveness of Nogos, Malathion, Sevin and Limper on lentil, gram, grasspea, greengram and blackgram seeds with eggs of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. Insecticides were sprayed on the seeds along with eggs and found that all the tested insecticides inhibited hatching of eggs resulting in significantly lowest rate of adult emergence. Nogos and Malathion recorded the lower number of emergent adults. The overall 26.35- 100% reduction of seed damage and 40-100% weight losses were achieved in insecticides treated seeds of five different types of pulses showing highest reduction in seed damage and weight losses due to Nogos and Malathion treatments. The treatment of the pulse seeds with the insecticides did not affect the seed germination.

Key words: Insecticides, pulse beetle, egg treatment, pulses, seed damage.
Incidence and Management of Hairy Caterpillar (Spilarctia obliqua Walker) on Sesame
Authors: Biswas GC
Published: April 2008

Incidence and management of hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia oblique (Walk.) on sesame were studied in the field and laboratory of the Oilseed Research Centre, BARI, Gazipur, during March to July, 2000 and 2001, respectively. The pest appeared in the sesame crop in the fourth week of April at the flowering stage at 45-55 Days After Sowing (DAS) and remained up to third week of June at the pod maturity stage at 90-95 DAS. The peak populations of S. oblique (4.00  4.50 larvae per plant) and their severe infestation (100% plant) were recorded in the fourth week of May, at the pod filling stage at 60-70 DAS of the crop. The yield reduction of sesame caused by S. obliqua in the treatments 1 spray, 2 sprays, 3 sprays, and 4 spray frequencies with Diazinon 60 EC @ 2 ml/litre were calculated 25.00, 30.86, 35.24 and 37.23 percent, respectively. One spray of Diazinon 60 EC applied at the pod formation stage at 50-55 DAS gave the highest benefit cost ratio (4.20).

Key words: Incidence, hairy caterpillar, sesame, infestation, management.
Screening of Mungbean (Vigna radiata) Genotypes for Nutrient Stress Tolerance
Authors: Hossain M Altaf
Published: April 2008

Generally nutrient deficiency of a soil is corrected through application of chemical fertilizers. Fertilizers on one hand are costly and on the other hand it may lead to water pollution by nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural land. Screening of genotypes for nutrient stress tolerance could be the best alternative to overcome the situation. The present study evaluates the plant growth characters with emphasis on root growth and nutrient uptake of selected mungbean genotypes and examines the efficiency of certain growth parameters for predicting their adaptation in sub-optimal nutrient environment. Some genotypes (VC 6153B, GK3 & VC 6144A) were found to be high nutrient acquiring genotypes and some (PDM 54, IPSA 25 & VO 1443 A-G) were low nutrient acquiring genotypes.

Key words: Mungbean, genotypes, nutrient stress.
Performance of Sunray Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Wetland Rice
Authors: Aziz MA , Miah MAM , Sayem SM
Published: April 2008

The experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute farm, Gazipur during the T. aman season, 2003 in order to determine the performance of Sunray organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice. The following eight treatment combinations were tested in wetland condition: T1= Native nutrient; T2 = Sunray Formula + G (SF) @ 100 kg/ha + Sunray Padiplus (PP) 20 ml @ 10 ml/4.5 lit./100m2 + Sunray Pady Segar (PS) @ 150 kg/ha + ( STB - N, P, K, S & Zn content in SF, PP & PS); T3= STB for high yield goal (HYG); T4= STB + 20 ml PP; T5= STB + 10 ml PP; T6= SF @ 400 kg/ha + ( STB - N, P, K, S & Zn content in 400 kg SF); T7= PS @ 400 kg/ha + (STB - N, P, K, S & Zn content in 400 kg PS ); T8= SF @ 200 kg/ha + PS@ 200 kg/ha + 10 ml PP + ( STB - N, P, K, S & Zn content in SF, PS and PP). The blanket doses of fertilizers were applied on soil test based (STB). BRRI dhan31 was used as test crop. The sources of N, P, K, S & Zn were Urea, TSP, MP, gypsum and zinc sulphate. Urea was applied into three equal splits, 1/3rd basal, 1/3rd maximum tillering stage and the remaining 1/3rd at panicle initiation stage. The treatment T2 where Sunray fertilizer were applied in combination with chemical fertilizer on STB produced substantially higher yield than those of other tested treatments. In terms of economic point of view this treatment also be considered as the most viable treatment in the experiment.

Key words: Sunray, organic fertilizer, growth and yield, wetland rice.
Effect of Abstraction on Permeability and Hydraulic Gradient in a Simulated Unconfined Aquifer Using Sand Tank Model
Authors: Islam Md Serazul
Published: April 2008

An experiment was carried out at the Hydraulic Laboratory of the Department of Irrigation and Water Management (IWM), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period from June to October 2003 to observe the effect of abstraction on permeability and hydraulic gradient in a simulated unconfined aquifer using sand tank model. In this study discharge was measured by volumetric method and coefficient of permeability (K) was calculated using Darcys law. For this experiment sand having particle size from 0.006 to 2.0 mm were used. Water elevation of different piezometers was recorded for five different discharge rates such as 0.040, 0.0396, 0.035, 0.0322 and 0.03118 litre per second for layered stratum (Cu=1.76). The average values of coefficient of permeability and hydraulic gradient were 5.00 mm/s and 0.1575 m/m, respectively. For homogeneous formation (Cu=1.5), the discharges were 0.03675, 0.03603, 0.0355, 0.03539 and 0.03318 litre per second, and the calculated average values of coefficient of permeability and hydraulic gradient were 6.276 mm/s and 0.1148 m/m, respectively. Hydraulic gradient for layered stratum was found higher than that of homogeneous formation. Very good linear relationship was found between water elevations and piezometric distances for both layered and homogeneous formations. The correlation coefficient (r) between water elevations and piezometric distances for higher and lower discharges in layered stratum were found to be 0.964 and 0.993 also for homogeneous formations this values were 0.972 and 0.987, respectively.

Key words: Discharge, hydraulic gradient, coefficient of permeability, groundwater flow model.
Properties of Some Selected Soil under Mymensingh District in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Tohidul , Islam Md. Serazul , Hoque Md Nurul
Published: April 2008

This paper elucidated an attempt to determine the physical properties of some selected soils at different location under Mymensingh districts. The properties of soils were determined using standard methods. Field moisture content was more or less similar for all the locations. The dry unit weights of selected seven soils for Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Valuka, Muktagacha, Trisal, Madhupur, Chorkhai and Shomvoganj sites were found to be 17.61, 16.50, 17.00, 17.50, 15.50, 16.40 and 16.20 kN/m3, respectively while the specific gravities were found as 2.67, 2.66, 2.68, 2.70, 2.69, 2.72 and 2.65, respectively also the values of plastic limits of soils were found to be 16.00, 17.00, 15.50, 18.50, 16.00, 17.20 and 14.00 percent, respectively whereas the plasticity index values were 16.25, 14.50, 15.00, 17.00, 18.00, 13.60 and 15.50 percent, respectively for the above locations. The liquid and plastic limits varied for all the locations but the plasticity index values were found more or less similar for all the soil samples. The friction angles were found more or less similar while cohesion varied for different locations. The properties of soils thus obtained can be used for soils of these areas of Bangladesh. A relation between the gradations with plasticity indices of different soils was also characterized.

Key words: Dry unit weights, plastic limits, plasticity index, shear stress and internal friction angle.
Economic Impact of Four Cylinder Pedal Pump in a Selected Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Alam QM , Islam R , Baset MA
Published: April 2008

The study was conducted in Rajshai Barind area to know the short and long term impact of for cylinder manual (Pedal) Pump developed by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute. The Pump was dominated by small farmers who cultivated vegetables in homestead fallow land. Simple cost and return analysis indicated that the pump was profitable in the short-run. It was found that in both private and social point of view the pump was profitable and acceptable in the short run as well as in the long run. The command area of the pump was 0.20 ha. The pump was found underutilized. For full utilization of the pump, its operation should be extended to the main field where water source is available. Nevertheless, the pump is a substitute to modern irrigation system.

Key words: Pedal pump, irrigation, vegetable production.
Effect of Supplementation on Weight Gain of Growth Faltered under 2 Children in A Rural Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Tasnim Saria , Afroza Syeda , Rahman Fazlur
Published: April 2008

Effect of food supplementation for different duration on weight gain of growth faltered under 2 children was assessed in this study to identify an optimum duration for supplementation.

This was a longitudinal prospective study conducted among 510 children aged 6-23 months enrolled for food supplementation from 1st November 98 to 30th May' 99 under community based food supplementation program of Bangladesh Integrated Nutrition Project (BINP). The children were assigned in 3 groups of supplementation for 30, 60 and 90 days. All children were assessed for Graduation (weight gain 500 gm) at assigned duration of supplementation and followed for 90 days with monthly anthropometric monitoring. The proportion of graduation was 21.7 percent (CI 15.8- 28.7), 48.8 percent (CI 41.1-56.6) and 80.5 percent (CI 73.4-86.4) at 30, 60 and 90 days of supplementation respectively. There was no significant difference of mean weight gain between 60 and 90 days of supplementation. There was limited impact on weight gain once graduation was achieved.

As continuing supplementation will require more cost and graduated children could maintain weight gain with family diet it is recommended to assess for graduation after 60 days instead of existing practice of 90 days supplementation in the national nutrition program and consider 60 days supplementation as an optimum duration for growth faltered under 2 children.

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 121-125)
Concepts in Rehabilitation of Burn Patients
Authors: Rahman Md Shahidur , Shakoor MA
Published: April 2008

Burn is not the skin loss only. Functional and psychological outcome must be assessed and treated accordingly. Prevalence of burn injury is very high in Bangladesh though exact statistics is not available. Houses of poor people especially in the slum area, which are made of combustible materials, are vulnerable to set off fire. Chemical burns like throwing acids by culprits are common in our country. Hospitals are treating these patients without proper medical and psychological rehabilitation. This article will review the rehabilitation concepts of burn injury and provide some information to those physicians and surgeons who treat burn injury.

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 139-143)
Ladd's Band - A Case Report
Authors: Jaigirdar Mutaher Ahmed , Rahman Anisur , Huq Mohammad Nurul , Chowdhury Ehsaan-Ul-Alam , Masoom Ahsan Kabir , Shaikh Ashraf Ali
Published: April 2008

We present here a 7 years' old boy presented with recurrent abdominal pain and vomiting causing severe growth failure since 6 months of age. He had some dysmorphism including fish like mouth, upturned nostrils, hypertelorism, low set posteriorly rotated ears, absence of left kidney and closing ventricular septal defect (VSD). Barium study revealed extrinsic obstruction in duodenal 3rd part with high up caecum. Laparotomy showed Ladd's band. Ladd's procedure was done upon this child, which led to resolution of his clinical abdominal problems.

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 :157-160)
A Revision of Indian Species of Parurios Girault with a New Record of Papuopsia Boucek (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) from India
Authors: Narendran TC , Thomas Sabu K , Sinu PA
Published: April 2008

Two new species of Parurios Girault viz. P. bouceki Narendran sp. nov. and P. sringericus Narendran sp. nov. are described from India. The female of P. keralensis Narendran is also described. A key to Indian species of Parurios is provided. The genus Papuopsia is recorded for the first time from India.

Key words: Pteromalidae; Chalcidoidaea; Parurios; new species; key; Papuopsia; new record; India

J. bio-sci. 14: 17-23, 2006
Deformities produced by some Plant Powders in Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)
Authors: Mohal Nur , Islam W , Mondal KAMSH , Parween S
Published: April 2008

The larval feeding of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) on whole wheat grains treated with dry leaf powder of Murrya paniculata L., Jatropha curcas L. (Jack), Datura metel L., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. and Virtex negundo L. and seed powder of Nigella sativa L. produced abnormalities in larval, pupal and adult stages at doses 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/g in case of all leaf powder treatments and the effect was more distinct at higher doses. Compared to leaf powders seed powder of N. sativa was more effective, however, the deformities responded in the larval, pupal and adult stages were more or less similar in case of all the plant products. The percentages of deformities produced differed significantly among the doses (P<0.001, F=5.10) of different plants (P<0.001, F =3.89).

Key words: Deformities, R. dominica, plant powders.

J. bio-sci. 14: 69-72, 2006
Physico-Chemical Composition of Four Papaya Varieties Grown at Rajshahi
Authors: Zaman W , Biswas SK , Helali MOH , Ibrahim M , Hassan Parvez
Published: April 2008

A study was carried out on four papaya varieties namely, Bombai, Deshi, Shahi (Yellow) and Shahi (Red) for their physico-chemical composition grown at Rajshahi. The results showed that maximum fruit weight was observed in Bombai and lowest in Shahi (Red). It was also found that recovery of pulp, TSS and total sugar were 80.46-87.41%, 9.0-13.0% and 6.96-10.50% respectively.

Key words: Papaya, physical composition and chemical composition.

J. bio-sci. 14: 83-86, 2006
Fecundity and Ovarian Characteristics of Puntius gonionotus (Bloch/Bleeker) (Cyprinidae: Cypriniformes)
Authors: Bhuiyan Abdus Salam , Islam Khairul , Zaman Tanjeena
Published: April 2008

The exotic barb Puntius gonionotus was introduced into Bangladesh in 1987. Its faster growth rate, nice taste and compatibility with our culturable species have made it very popular food fish in Bangladesh. With a view to providing some basic information towards development of sustainable seed production of the species, a study was undertaken to determine the fecundity and ovary characteristics of the fish. The mean fecundity of 55 gravid females (of 11 length group) of Puntius gonionotus was obtained as 14321 with a range of 2254.67 to 6964.73 from fishes having a mean total length and mean body weight of 200.13±20.58 mm and 196±34.379 g respectively. The relationship between the fecundity (F) and total length (TL), total body weight (TW), ovary length (OL) and ovary weight (OW) were established. Regression analysis was made and the co-efficient of correlation (r) was calculated for each of the following F-TL, F-TW, F-OL and F-OW and the values of r were obtained to be 0.84, 0.84, 0.95 and 0.96 respectively. In all the cases linear relationships obtained were highly significant.

Key words: Fecundity, Puntius gonionotus, ovarian characteristics.

J. bio-sci. 14: 99-102, 2006
Interspecific Competition between Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Pteromalidae) and Dinarmus basalis (Rond.) (Pteromalidae) on Callosobruchus chinensis (L.)
Authors: Ahmed KN , Pramanik SHA , Nargis A , Khatun M
Published: April 2008

The effects of interspecific competition between parasitoids Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) and Dinarmus basalis (Rond.) for their host, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) have been conducted at a constant temperature of 30±1°C and 75±5% r.h. A number of 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 4th instar larval host containing seeds of C. chinensis were confined to 24,48,72,96 and 120 hours egg laying of both the parasitoids respectively. Total number of progeny produced by the two parasitoids were 16.9 ± 2.76, 20.7 ± 5.69, 31.1± 7.47, 38.6 ± 5.87 and 56.7 ± 9.86 at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours duration respectively. The parasitoid, D. basalis showed higher parasitism than A. calandrae in competition of host choice in all the egg laying periods observed. The individual highest parasitism of D. basalis was 50.0, 33.75, 36.66, 30.0 and 32.0 and that of A. calandrae was 25.0, 15.0, 18.33, 16.25 and 21.0 % respectively in 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours duration respectively.

Key words: Interspecific competition, Anisopteromalus calandrae, Dinarmus basalis, Callosobruchus chinensis, progeny production, parasitism.

J. bio-sci. 14: 103-106, 2006
Study of Genetic Variation in Different Hatchery Populations of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) of Mymensingh District in Bangladesh using Microsatellite DNA Markers
Authors: Jewel MAS , Rahman MM , Islam MN
Published: April 2008

Genetic variation of two strains (Scaled and Mirror) of six hatchery populations of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was studied using three microsatellite loci (MFW13, MFW17 and MFW28). The loci were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The PCR products were electrophoresed on 6% polyacrylamide gel and the alleles were visualized by silver nitrate staining. All the three loci were found polymorphic. The average number of alleles was the highest in the population *SC-SMK (5.00) and lowest in **MC-SMK (4.00). Total number of null allele was more in mirror carp populations (6) than scaled carp populations (4). The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.54 to 0.67. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) was lower than the average expected heterozygosity (He) in case of all the populations. The population ***SC-BCH had high level of genetic variation in comparison to other five populations because this population had negative 1-Ho/He values in case of two loci out of three analyzed. The rest five populations had negative 1-Ho/He values only in one locus. In 6 of a total of 18 tests, significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations (HWE) were detected. Pairwise Fst values were used to detect the genetic distance between the pairs of populations. The Fst value was highest (0.153) between the population MC-AFF and MC-SMK. Neis genetic distance value was also highest (0.462) between these populations. The Fst value of 0.153 represents a high level of population differentiation. The lowest Fst value (0.001) was found between SC-SMK and MC-SMK. This value was statistically insignificant.

*SCSMK- scaled carp from Sagor Matsho Khamar

**MC  SMK- mirror carp from Sagor Matsho Khamar

***SC-BCH- scaled carp from Brahmaputra Char Fishery

Key words: Genetic variation, common carp, Microsatellite DNA markers

J. bio-sci. 14: 113-120, 2006
Induced Spawning of Puntius gonionotus (Bleeker)
Authors: Bhuiyan Abdus Salam , Islam M Khairul , Zaman Tanjeena
Published: April 2008

An experiment was conducted to study the induced spawning of Rajputi Puntius gonionotus (Bleeker) in the months of April, May, June and July 2005. Five different doses of PG were used in the experiment. In Puntius gonionotus all the different doses (doses D1-3.00 mg/kg, D2-6.00 mg/kg, D3-9.00 mg/kg, D4- 12.00 mg/kg and D5-15.00 mg/kg) were affected equally (100%) in egg release. In the experiment both the males and females were given the 1st dose but the 2nd injection was given only to the females after 6 hours. The highest fertilization rates were 70.10±2.25% in April (dose D4), 75.00±2.10% in May (dose D3), 80.00±2.14% in June and 79.20±2.65% in July (dose D3). The highest hatching and survivability rates were 61.50±3.10 and 55.00±2.13 in April (dose D4), 68.00±3.5 and 63.00±2.20 in May (dose D3), 71.80±2.00 and 68.50±2.60 in June (dose D2), and 70.25±3.50 and 65.70±2.16 in July (dose D3) respectively. The month of June and the dose D2 (2mg in first injection and 4 mg in second injection) were found to be most effective for induced spawning of P. gonionotus.

Key words: Induced spawning, hatchling, PG dose.

J. bio-sci. 14: 121-125, 2006
Determination of Age and Growth of Catla catla (HAM.) from Opercular Bones
Authors: Nargia A
Published: April 2008

J. bio-sci. 14: 143-145, 2006
Anatomical Positions of Vermiform Appendix in Bangladeshi People
Authors: Rahman MM , Khalil M , Rahman H , Mannan S , Sultana SZ , Ahmed S
Published: April 2008

The study was done to see the incidences of different anatomical positions of vermiform appendix in Bangladeshi people to increase the knowledge regarding variational anatomy in our population. A total 100 vermiform appendix (male-60, female-40) were observed in situ on cadaver of different age and sex during routine post mortem examination in the autopsy laboratory of Forensic Department of Mymensingh Medical College. This cross-sectional descriptive study was done by convenient sampling technique. For convenience of differentiating the incidences of different positions of vermiform appendix in relation to age and sex findings were classified and analyzed in four age groups (up to 20 year, 21 - 35 years, 36 - 55 years, 56 - 70 years) and in different sex.

In the present study, the pelvic position of vermiform appendix was the most common position in all age groups and pelvic positions were found in 47% cases. The retrocaecal position was the second highest position (22%) and pre ileal position was the lowest (10%) in number. In respect to sex, incidences of pelvic variety of vermiform appendix were more in male than female.

Key words: Vermiform appendix, anatomy, position

J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2006 Dec;(1):5-9
Influence of substituents in the salicylaldehyde‐derived Schiff bases on vanadium‐catalyzed asymmetric oxidation of sulfides
Authors: Liu Haibin , Wang Mei , Wang Ying , Yin Ran , Tian Wei , Sun Licheng
Published: April 2008

A series of chiral Schiff bases (L1–L5) with different substituents in the salicylidenyl unit were prepared from condensation of 3‐aryl‐5‐tert‐butylsalicylaldehyde derivatives and optically active amino alcohols. Bromination of 3‐phenyl‐5‐tert‐butylsalicylaldehyde gave an unexpected product 3‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐5‐bromosalicylaldehyde, from which the corresponding Schiff base ligands L6 and L7, derived from (S)‐valinol and (S)‐tert‐leucinol, respectively, were prepared. Ligands L1–L7 were applied to the vanadium‐catalyzed asymmetric oxidation of aryl methyl sulfides. Under the optimal conditions, the oxidation of the thioanisole with H2O2 as oxidant in CH2Cl2 catalyzed by VO(acac)2‐L1–L7 gives good yields (74–83%) with moderate enantioselectivity (58–77% ee). Ligand L7, containing a 4‐bromophenyl group on the 3‐position and a Br atom on the 5‐position of the salicylidenyl moiety, displays an 80–90% ee for vanadium‐catalyzed oxidation of methyl 4‐bromophenyl sulfide and methyl 2‐naphthyl sulfide. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on optical recognition and electrochemical sensing of a 1,1′‐ferrocenedicarbonylhydrazine derivative for fluoride
Authors: Li Jianwei , Lin Hai , Jiang Ping , Lin Huakuan
Published: April 2008

A new compound, 1,1′‐di‐(p‐nitrophenylhydrazino‐β‐carbonyl)‐ferrocene (1) was designed as an anion receptor based on its hydrogen bonding interaction with anions. Investigation of UV–vis spectra showed that it was an excellent optical sensors for F−. Furthermore, the nature of interaction between it and F− was investigated by 1H NMR titration experiments. In addition, the efficiency of the receptor applied as an electrochemical sensor for F− was discussed by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ligand effects in palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki and Heck coupling reactions
Authors: Hanhan M. Emre
Published: April 2008

A range of sterically hindered diimine ligands and their palladium (II) complexes were synthesized. These compounds were fully characterized by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. The use of the palladium complexes as catalysts for Suzuki and Heck coupling has been studied in an attempt to demonstrate the effect of side groups on catalytic activity. It was clearly seen that the location of side CH3 groups which bound to benzene ring had little effect on catalytic activity. Interestingly when we changed these CH3 groups with Cl groups the activity of the complexes increased. On the other hand, side groups which bound to imine nitrogen also had a large effect on catalytic activity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributional differences of the impact factor in the sciences versus the social sciences: An analysis of the probabilistic structure of the 2005 journal citation reports
Authors: Bensman Stephen J.
Published: April 2008

This paper examines the probability structure of the 2005 Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) Journal Citation Reports (JCR) by analyzing the Impact Factor distributions of their journals. The distribution of the SCI journals corresponded with a distribution generally modeled by the negative binomial distribution, whereas the SSCI distribution fit the Poisson distribution modeling random, rare events. Both Impact Factor distributions were positively skewed—the SCI much more so than the SSCI—indicating excess variance. One of the causes of this excess variance was that the journals highest in the Impact Factor in both JCRs tended to class in subject categories well funded by the National Institutes of Health. The main reason for the SCI Impact Factor distribution being more skewed than the SSCI one was that review journals defining disciplinary paradigms play a much more important role in the sciences than in the social sciences.
Theories of cognition and image categorization: What category labels reveal about basic level theory
Authors: Rorissa Abebe , Iyer Hemalata
Published: April 2008

Information search and retrieval interactions usually involve information content in the form of document collections, information retrieval systems and interfaces, and the user. To fully understand information search and retrieval interactions between users' cognitive space and the information space, researchers need to turn to cognitive models and theories. In this article, the authors use one of these theories, the basic level theory. Use of the basic level theory to understand human categorization is both appropriate and essential to user‐centered design of taxonomies, ontologies, browsing interfaces, and other indexing tools and systems. Analyses of data from two studies involving free sorting by 105 participants of 100 images were conducted. The types of categories formed and category labels were examined. Results of the analyses indicate that image category labels generally belong to superordinate to the basic level, and are generic and interpretive. Implications for research on theories of cognition and categorization, and design of image indexing, retrieval and browsing systems are discussed.
Homolytic SS Bond Dissociation of 11 Bis(thiocarbonyl)disulfides R‐C(S)SSC(S)R and Prediction of A Novel Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator
Authors: Mak Adrian Matthew , Steudel Ralf , Wong Ming Wah
Published: April 2008

The structures and energetics of eight substituted bis(thiocarbonyl)disulfides (RCS2)2, their associated radicals RCS2., and their coordination compounds with a lithium cation have been studied at the G3X(MP2) level of theory for R=H, Me, F, Cl, OMe, SMe, NMe2, and PMe2. The effects of substituents on the dissociation of (RCS2)2 to RCS2. were analyzed using isodesmic stabilization reactions. Electron‐donating groups with an unshared pair of electrons have a pronounced stabilization effect on both (RCS2)2 and RCS2.. The SS bond dissociation enthalpy of tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD, R=NMe2) is the lowest in the above series (155 kJ mol−1), attributed to the particular stability of the formed Me2NCS2. radical. Both (RCS2)2 and the fragmented radicals RCS2. form stable chelate complexes with a Li+ cation. The SS homolytic bond cleavage in (RCS2)2 is facilitated by the reaction [Li(RCS2)2]++Li+→2 [Li(RCS2)].+. Three other substituted bis(thiocarbonyl) disulfides with the unconventional substituents R=OSF5, Gu1, and Gu2 have been explored to find suitable alternative rubber vulcanization accelerators. Bis(thiocarbonyl)disulfide with a guanidine‐type substituent, (Gu1CS2)2, is predicted to be an effective accelerator in sulfur vulcanization of rubber. Compared to TMTD, (Gu1CS2)2 is calculated to have a lower bond dissociation enthalpy and smaller associated barrier for the SS homolysis.
Insulin-like growth factor I improves aspects of mycophenolate mofetil-impaired anastomotic healing in an experimental model
Authors: Inglin R A , Baumann G , Wagner O J , Candinas D , Egger B
Published: April 2008

Background

Patients taking immunosuppressants after transplantation may require intestinal surgery. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been found to impair the healing of colonic anastomoses in rats. This study examined whether insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I prevents MMF impairment of anastomotic healing.

Methods

Sixty-three rats were divided into three groups (MMF, MMF/IGF and control). Animals underwent a sigmoid colon anastomosis with a 6/0 suture, and were killed on days 2, 4 and 6 after surgery. Investigations included bursting pressure measurement, morphometric analysis, and assessment of mucosal proliferation by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine and Ki67 immunohistochemistry of the anastomoses.

Results

The leak rate was three of 21, one of 20 and two of 20 in the MMF, MMF/IGF-I and control groups respectively. Anastomotic bursting pressures were significantly lower in the MMF group than in the control group on days 2 and 4, but there was no significant difference by day 6. Values in the MMF/IGF-I and control groups were similar. Colonic crypt depth was significantly reduced in MMF-treated animals on days 2 and 4, but this impairment was attenuated by IGF-I on day 4. Similarly, IGF-I reduced the negative impact of MMF on mucosal proliferation on days 2 and 6.

Conclusion

Exogenous IGF-I improves some aspects of MMF-impaired anastomotic healing.
Impact of body mass index and tobacco smoking on outcome after open appendicectomy
Authors: Sadr Azodi O , Lindström D , Adami J , Bellocco R , Linder S , Wladis A
Published: April 2008

Background

The effect of body mass index (BMI) and smoking on the risk of perforated appendix and postoperative complications in patients undergoing open appendicectomy for acute appendicitis was studied.

Methods

Record linkage was used to identify 6676 male construction workers who underwent open appendicectomy for acute appendicitis between 1971 and 2004. Multivariable binomial logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results

After adjustment for age, calendar period and BMI, smoking was significantly associated with an increased risk of perforated appendicitis (PA) (P = 0·004). The relative risk was 1·29 (95 per cent confidence interval 1·11 to 1·50) among current smokers with more than 10 pack-years of tobacco use. In patients with non-perforated appendicitis (NPA), the relative risk of overall postoperative complications was significantly associated with BMI (P < 0·001), and was 2·60 (1·71 to 3·95) in obese patients and 1·51 (1·03 to 2·22) in current smokers with more than 10 pack-years of tobacco use. In patients with PA, overweight, obesity and smoking status were not associated with an increased risk of overall postoperative complications.

Conclusion

Perforation due to acute appendicitis was associated with current tobacco smoking. A BMI of 27·5 kg/m2 or more and current smoking were associated with overall postoperative complications in patients with NPA.
APC mutation spectrum in ileoanal pouch polyps resembles that of colorectal polyps
Authors: Will O C C , Robinson J , Günther T , Phillips R K S , Clark S K , Tomlinson I
Published: April 2008

Background

Ileoanal pouch polyps commonly develop following restorative proctocolectomy in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). In FAP adenomas, the relationship between germline and somatic adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutations is determined by ‘just right’ β-catenin signalling in tumour cells, with respect to the 20-amino acid β-catenin-binding/degradation repeats (20AARs) in the APC protein. However, the relationship varies, with upper gastrointestinal polyps typically retaining three to four 20AARs and colonic polyps retaining one or two. The aim of this study was to establish the mutational spectrum in ileoanal pouch polyps, to ascertain whether polyp development resembled that typical of small or large bowel.

Methods

Some 151 pouch adenomas were screened from 46 patients with known germline APC mutations for ‘second hits’ acquired through loss of heterozygosity and truncating mutations. The number of 20AARs remaining after the ‘second hit’ was calculated.

Results

Loss of heterozygosity was rare in pouch polyps except when the germline mutation left one 20AAR. Overall, the combined alleles left two to three 20AARs in 40 of 51 polyps with an identified ‘second hit’. This was significantly fewer than in upper gastrointestinal polyps, and more than in colorectal adenomas.

Conclusion

Tissue environment appears to influence the position of the ‘second hit’ in pouch polyps and the mutations resemble those of large bowel polyps.
Nitric oxide reduces organ injury and enhances regeneration of reduced-size livers by increasing hepatic arterial flow
Authors: Cantré D , Schuett H , Hildebrandt A , Dold S , Menger M D , Vollmar B , Eipel C
Published: April 2008

Background

Reduced-size livers suffer from portal hyperperfusion, diminished arterial blood flow and the risk of postoperative liver injury. The aim of this experimental study was to unravel the role of nitric oxide in this setting.

Methods

Rats underwent 85 per cent partial hepatectomy and either substitution of nitric oxide with molsidomine or inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) with NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. Untreated hepatectomized animals served as controls and unresected animals as the sham group.

Results

Ultrasonic flowmetry following partial hepatectomy revealed a marked increase in portal venous inflow with a concomitant decrease in hepatic arterial inflow. Nitric oxide substitution counteracted the decline in hepatic arterial inflow and caused a significantly greater increase in cell proliferation after partial hepatectomy compared with control or NOS-inhibited animals. Hepatectomized animals further profited from nitric oxide substitution, as indicated by reduced aminotransferase release and improved liver function.

Conclusion

Nitric oxide improves the postoperative course of rats with reduced-size livers by modulating hepatic macrohaemodynamics and mediating regeneration and cytoprotection, but not by reducing hepatic hyperperfusion and the accompanying sinusoidal shear stress.
Tuning the Magnetic Properties of LixCrTi0.25Se2(0.03≤x≤0.7) by Directed Deintercalation of Lithium
Authors: Behrens Malte , Wontcheu Joseph , Kiebach Ragnar , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: April 2008

X‐ray diffraction (XRD), in situ energy‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction (EDXRD), X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES), extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and magnetic measurements were applied to investigate the effects of lithium deintercalation on pseudolayered Li0.70CrTi0.25Se2. A detailed picture of structural changes during the deintercalation process was obtained by combining the results of EDXRD and EXAFS. Removal of Li from the host–guest complex leads to anisotropic contraction of the unit cell with stronger impact on thecaxis, which is the stacking axis of the layers. The EDXRD experiments evidence that the shrinkage of the lattice parameters with decreasingxLiin LixCrTi0.25Se2is nonlinear in the beginning and then becomes linear. Analysis of the EXAFS spectra clearly shows that the Cr/TiSe distances are affected in a different manner by Li removal. The CrSe bond lengths decrease, whereas the TiSe bonds lengthen when the Li content is reduced, which is consistent with XRD data. Magnetic measurements reveal a change from predominantly antiferromagnetic exchange (θp=−300 K) interactions for the pristine material to ferromagnetic exchange interactions (θ=25 K) for the fully intercalated material. Thus, the magnetic properties can be altered under ambient conditions by directed adjustment of the dominant magnetic exchange. The unusual magnetic behavior can be explained on the basis of the variation of the metal–metal distances and the Cr‐Se‐Cr angles withx, which were determined by Rietveld refinements. Owing to competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange interactions and disorder, the magnetic ground state of the intercalated materials is characterized by spin‐glass or spin‐glass‐like behavior.
Diverse Reactions of 1,4‐Dilithio‐1,3‐dienes with Nitriles: Facile Access to Tricyclic Δ1‐Bipyrrolines, Multiply Substituted Pyridines, Siloles, and (Z,Z)‐Dienylsilanes by Tuning of Substituents on the Butadienyl Skeleton
Authors: Yu Nan , Wang Congyang , Zhao Fei , Liu Lantao , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: April 2008

Addition cyclization of 1,2,3,4‐tetrasubstituted 1,4‐dilithio‐1,3‐dienes (Type I) with four equivalents of various aromatic nitriles in the presence of hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) gives exclusively fully substituted pyridines in moderate to good yields. Similarly, trisubstituted pyridines can be prepared by the reaction of 2,3‐dialkyl‐ or diaryl‐substituted 1,4‐dilithio‐1,3‐dienes (Type II) with nitriles. However, five‐ or six‐membered‐ring fused 2,3‐disubstituted 1,4‐dilithio‐1,3‐dienes (Type III) reacted with various aromatic and aliphatic nitriles without α‐hydrogen atoms to afford tricyclic Δ1‐bipyrrolines in high yields. The reaction of six‐membered‐ring fused 2,3‐disubstituted 1,4‐dilithio‐1,3‐diene (Type III) with 2‐cyanopyridine afforded the corresponding pyridine, and no tricyclic Δ1‐bipyrroline was observed. Seven‐membered‐ring fused dilithiodienes reacted with PhCN or trimethylacetonitrile to afford the corresponding pyridines in good yield. When 1,2,3,4‐tetrasubstituted dilithio reagents (Type I) were treated with Me3SiCN, a tandem silylation/intramolecular substitution process readily occurred to yield siloles, whereas the reaction of 2,3‐disubstituted dilithio reagents (Types II and III) with Me3SiCN gave rise to (Z,Z)‐dienylsilanes with high stereoselectivity. These results revealed that the formation of tricyclic Δ1‐bipyrrolines, pyridines, siloles, and (Z,Z)‐dienylsilanes are strongly dependent on the substitution patterns of the dilithio butadienes and the nature of the nitriles employed.
Clusterization, Electrophoretic Deposition, and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Fullerene‐Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Composites
Authors: Umeyama Tomokazu , Tezuka Noriyasu , Fujita Mitsuru , Hayashi Shinya , Kadota Naoki , Matano Yoshihiro , Imahori Hiroshi
Published: April 2008

We have successfully developed a new methodology for the self‐organization of C60 molecules on the sidewall of carbon nanotubes for use in photoelectrochemical devices. Novel nanocarbon composites of fullerene (e.g., C60) and highly soluble, chemically functionalized single‐walled carbon nanotubes (f‐SWNT) have been prepared by the rapid injection of a poor solvent (e.g., acetonitrile) into a mixed solution of C60 and f‐SWNT in o‐dichlorobenzene. Measurements by using scanning electron microscopy of cast samples revealed that the composites are categorized into three groups; i) f‐SWNT bundles covered with layers of C60 molecules, ii) round, large C60 clusters (sizes of 500–1000 nm) containing f‐SWNT, and iii) typical, round C60 clusters (sizes of 150–250 nm). The electrophoretic deposition of the composites onto a nanostructured SnO2 electrode yielded the hierarchical film with a gradient composition depending on the difference in the mobilities of C60 and f‐SWNT during the electrophoretic process. The composite film exhibited an incident photon‐to‐photocurrent efficiency as high as 18 % at λ=400 nm under an applied potential of 0.05 V vs. SCE. The photocurrent generation efficiency is the highest value among carbon nanotube‐based photoelectrochemical devices in which carbon nanotubes are deposited electrophoretically, electrostatically or covalently onto semiconducting electrodes. The highly aligned structure of C60 molecules on f‐SWNT can rationalize the efficient photocurrent generation. The results obtained here will provide valuable information on the design of carbon nanotube‐based molecular devices.
Size‐ and Structure‐Selective Noncovalent Recognition of Saccharides by Tetraethyl and Tetraphenyl Resorcinarenes in the Gas Phase
Authors: Kalenius Elina , Kekäläinen Timo , Neitola Raisa , Beyeh Kodiah , Rissanen Kari , Vainiotalo Pirjo
Published: April 2008

The noncovalent complexation of tetraethyl and tetraphenyl resorcinarenes with mono‐, di‐, and oligosaccharides was studied with negative‐polarization electrospray ionization quadrupole ion trap and electrospray ionization Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass‐spectrometric analysis. The saccharides formed 1:1 complexes with deprotonated resorcinarenes, which exhibited clear size and structure selectivity in their complexation. In the case of the monosaccharides, hexoses formed much more abundant and kinetically stable complexes than pentoses or deoxyhexoses. A comparison of the mono‐, di‐, and oligosaccharides revealed that both the relative abundance and stability of the complexes increase up to biose and triose, but start to decrease after that point, as the length of the oligosaccharide is increased. This behavior was rationalized by comparing the lowest‐energy conformations of the complexes formed between the resorcinarene and oligosaccharides. This comparison was achieved by using theoretical calculations and X‐ray crystal studies.
Kinetics and Mechanism for Oxidation of L‐Proline by Bis(hydrogen periodato)argentate(III) Complex Anion
Authors: SUN Han‐Wen , SHI Hong‐Mei , SHEN Shi‐Gang , KANG Wei‐Jun , GUO Zhi‐Feng
Published: April 2008

Oxidation of L‐proline by bis(hydrogen periodato)argentate(III) complex anion, [Ag(HIO6)2]5−, has been studied in aqueous alkaline medium in the temperature range of 25–40 °C by use of conventional spectrophotometry. Under the conditions for kinetic measurements, the oxidation results in decarboxylation of proline, giving rise to γ‐aminobutyrate as identified by mass spectrometry. The oxidation kinetics is first order with respect to the silver(III) and proline concentrations; the second‐order rate constants, decreasing with increasing [periodate], are essentially independent of [OH−]. The kinetic results were interpreted in terms of a reaction mechanism which involves a pre‐equilibrium between [Ag(HIO6)2]5− and [Ag(HIO6)(H2O)(OH)]2−, a mono‐periodate coordinated silver(III) complex. Both Ag(III) complexes are reduced parallelly by the fully deprotonated form of proline in rate‐determining steps (described by k1 for the former Ag(III) and k2 for the latter one). The determined rate constants and their associated activation parameters are k1(25 °C) = (1.87±0.04) L·mol−1·s−1, ΔH1≠= (45±4) kJ· mol−1, ΔS1≠= (−90±13) J·K−1·mol−1 and k2(25 °C) = (3.2±0.5) L·mol−1·s−1, ΔH2≠= (34±2) kJ·mol−1, ΔS2≠= (−122±10) J·K−1·mol−1. This is also the first time to find that [Ag(HIO6)2]5− is also reactive toward a particular reductant and shows a lower reactivity than [Ag(HIO6)(OH)(H2O)]2−.
Reduction of Methylene Green by EDTA:Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aspects
Authors: AZMAT Rafia , QAMAR Noshab , SAEED Amber , UDDIN Fahim
Published: April 2008

The reduction of methylene green (MG) into protonated leuco dye with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) in aqueous alkaline medium was studied spectrophotometrically at λmax 660 nm. EDTA behaved as an effective electron donor during the reduction of MG in an aerobic condition. Consumption of EDTA in the reduction of MG means that it is oxidized. This is an unexpected result since EDTA does not normally function as a reducing agent. The nitrogen‐containing chelating agents with secondary or tertiary nitrogen behaved as an electron donor in photochemical reaction of dye. The rate of reduction depends upon pH in the same way as the base titration of EDTA. Effects of salt and temperature have been investigated for the reduction process. The salting agent KNO3 has been found to uniquely enhance the rate of reduction of MG by EDTA in the aerobic condition. Detailed kinetic and thermodynamic aspects have been discussed to realize the interaction between MG and EDTA. Kinetic studies revealed that reaction was sensitive and regeneration of oxidized form of the dye was observed. Reversible first order reaction kinetics with respect to EDTA, MG and NaOH was found.
Highly Sensitive Thin Film Sensor Based on Worm‐like Carbon Nanofibers for Detection of Ammonia in Workplace
Authors: WANG Jia‐Zhi , CHEN Xing , LI Min‐Qiang , LIU Jin‐Huai
Published: April 2008

A thin film sensor was fabricated using the mixture of worm‐like carbon nanofibers (WCNF), which were synthesized using aluminium supported iron catalysts via chemical vapour deposition, and glass dust in proportion of 3:2, combined by drops of terpineol. The morphology of the catalyst, the worm‐like carbon nanofibers and the film surface were investigated with the help of TEM and SEM. Low single‐potential signal was employed to investigate gas sensitivity of the sensor to the deleterious ammonia, in atmospheric pressure at room temperature. The results suggest that the sensor has high sensitivity at low concentration (0.175–0.35 mg/m3), perfect reproducibility, and a fast response time (0.05 s) and restoration time (1 min).
Investigation of the Interaction between Adenosine and Human Serum Albumin by Fluorescent Spectroscopy and Molecular Modeling
Authors: CUI Feng‐Ling , WANG Jun‐Li , LI Fang , FAN Jing , QU Gui‐Rong , YAO Xiao‐Jun , LEI Bei‐Lei
Published: April 2008

The binding interaction of adenosine with human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated under simulative physiological conditions by fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with a molecular modeling method. A strong fluorescence quenching reaction of adenosine to HSA was observed and the quenching mechanism was suggested as static quenching according to the Stern‐Volmer equation. The binding constants (K) at different temperatures as well as thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS), were calculated according to relevant fluorescent data and Vant′Hoff equation. The hydrophobic interaction was a predominant intermolecular force in order to stabilize the complex, which was in agreement with the results of molecular modeling study.