bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Social Program for the Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer: The Kishiwada Katsuragi Project
Authors: Sakamoto Hiroki , Harada Satoshi , Nishioka Nobu , Maeda Kazuo , Kurihara Takamasa , Sakamoto Tateki , Higuchi Kazuhide , Kitano Masayuki , Takeyama Yoshifumi , Kogire Masafumi , Kudo Masatoshi
Published: December 2017

Objectives: The early-stage pancreatic cancer (e-PC; stage I/II) detection rate is quite low at approximately 25%. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a social program (the Kishiwada Katsuragi project) wherein our hospital, which specializes in PC, and primary care medical offices (PMOs) used clinical findings to detect e-PC. Methods: Patients with a score of ≥2 points on clinical findings were enrolled: symptoms of abdominal pain/back pain (1 point), new-onset diabetes (1 point), high amylase (AMY) and/or pancreaitc AMY (P-AMY) (1 point), high carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (1 point), and ultrasonography (US) findings including direct (e.g., a solid pancreatic tumor) and/or indirect findings (e.g., dilatation of a pancreatic diameter of ≥2.5 mm and/or cystic lesions) (2 points) were evaluated using the protocol for social programs. Results: Between November 2014 and December 2016, 244 patients were enrolled by 41 PMOs as cooperative facilities, and 15 e-PC cases (53.6%) of the 28 PC patients were detected. The mean clinical finding score of the e-PC group (3.13 ± 1.9) was significantly higher than that of the overall non-PC group (2.1 ± 0.4) (p < 0.05). “High AMY/P-AMY” and “symptoms” were significantly more frequent in the e-PC group than in the non-PC group (p < 0.05). Although the sensitivity of direct findings by US was 40.0%, that of indirect-findings was 93.3% in the e-PC group. Nine and 6 of the 15 patients with e-PC were enrolled via general internal medicine offices (GIMs) and other PMOs without GIMs (general surgery, n = 3; urology, n = 2; otolaryngology, n = 1). Conclusion: This social program with collaborations between medical centers that specialize in PC and PMOs used clinical findings, suggesting that not only GIMs but also other PMOs and indirect findings by US may play an important role in improving the e-PC detection rate.
Clinical Significance of O-6-Methylguanine-DNA-Methyltransferase Promoter Methylation in Patients with Esophageal Carcinoma: A Systematic Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yan , Tong Ti
Published: December 2017

Background: The correlation between O-6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation and esophageal cancer remains controversial. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical effect of MGMT promoter methylation on esophageal carcinoma patients. Methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library databases. The overall OR and corresponding 95% CI were calculated using the random-effects model. Results: Finally, 17 eligible studies were identified in this meta-analysis; these studies included a total of 1,368 patients with esophageal carcinoma and 1,489 with nonmalignant controls. MGMT promoter methylation was significantly higher in esophageal carcinoma tissue samples than in nonmalignant tissue samples (OR 3.64, p < 0.001). Promoter methylation of the MGMT gene was not associated with gender, cigarette smoking, drinking behavior, or tumor differentiation, but MGMT promoter methylation was correlated with age (≥60 vs. <60 years: OR 1.64, p = 0.028), lymph node status (positive status vs. negative status: OR 2.39, p = 0.024), and clinical stage (stages 3-4 vs. 1-2: OR 10.59, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that MGMT promoter methylation may be correlated with esophageal cancer carcinogenesis and could be associated with age, lymph node status, and clinical stage.
Contribution of PCR Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Combined with Mixed Chromatogram Software Separation for Complex Urinary Sample Analysis
Authors: Kotásková Iva , Mališová Barbora , Obručová Hana , Holá Veronika , Peroutková Tereza , Růžička Filip , Freiberger Tomáš
Published: December 2017

Complex samples are a challenge for sequencing-based broad-range diagnostics. We analysed 19 urinary catheter, ureteral Double-J catheter, and urine samples using 3 methodological approaches. Out of the total 84 operational taxonomic units, 37, 61, and 88% were identified by culture, PCR-DGGE-SS (PCR denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis followed by Sanger sequencing), and PCR-DGGE-RM (PCR- DGGE combined with software chromatogram separation by RipSeq Mixed tool), respectively. The latter approach was shown to be an efficient tool to complement culture in complex sample assessment.
Urinary Incontinence, Patient Satisfaction, and Decisional Regret after Prostate Cancer Treatment: A French National Study
Authors: Albkri Abdullah , Girier David , Mestre Alain , Costa Pierre , Droupy Stéphane , Chevrot Armand
Published: December 2017

Background: Complications of prostate cancer treatments have a substantial impact on the patient’s quality of life. We evaluated the prevalence of urinary consequences and factors affecting patient satisfaction and decisional regret after treatment. Methods: A retrospective self-administered questionnaire was sent to all members of the National Association of Prostate Cancer Patients in France. Results: From the 226 completed questionnaires received, the following information was obtained: 110 patients underwent surgery only, 29 received radiotherapy plus hormone therapy, 28 received radiotherapy only, and 49 received other combination treatments. The median follow-up period was 58.1 months. After treatment, the presence of urinary incontinence was reported by 34.5% of patients treated by radical prostatectomy, by 10.3% treated by radiotherapy plus hormone therapy, by 17.8% treated by curitherapy or radiotherapy only, and by 38.7% treated by other combination therapy (p = 0.01). The main reasons for decisional regret were the fact that patients received incomplete information about prostate cancer (40%) and consequences of treatment that affected the urinary system (34%). The information received about cancer was considered complete in 32.3% of the satisfied group and 14.3% of the decisional regret group (p = 0.003) and with regard to urinary incontinence the information received was considered complete in 41.4 and 17.4% respectively (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Urinary consequences of prostate cancer treatment are common and impact the quality of life. Patients need clear information to be able to participate in therapeutic decision-making and to avoid subsequent decisional regret.
Effect of Prophylactic Indomethacin in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants Based on the Predicted Risk of Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Authors: Foglia Elizabeth E. , Roberts Robin S. , Stoller Jason Z. , Davis Peter G. , Haslam Ross , Schmidt Barbara ,   for the Trial of Indomethacin Prophylaxis in Preterms Investigators
Published: December 2017

Background: Prophylactic indomethacin reduces the risk of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) but does not reduce death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) among extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Some investigators have suggested that prophylactic indomethacin may have a greater treatment effect on severe IVH among infants at high risk for severe IVH. Objective: To determine whether the relative treatment effects of prophylactic indomethacin on severe IVH and the composite outcome of death or NDI vary based on the risk of severe IVH. Methods: Post hoc analysis of the Trial of Indomethacin Prophylaxis in Preterms (TIPP). We generated a model to predict the risk for severe IVH based on gestational age, birth weight, antenatal steroids, delivery mode, outborn status, sex, and 5-min Apgar score, and we divided the TIPP participants into risk quartiles. We used logistic regression to determine the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of severe IVH and death or NDI based on indomethacin treatment for each quartile. Results: The relative treatment effects of prophylactic indomethacin on severe IVH did not vary based on the predicted risk of severe IVH: quartile 1: aOR 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.19-2.37); quartile 2: aOR 0.61 (95% CI 0.27-1.42); quartile 3: aOR 0.63 (95% CI 0.31-1.31); quartile 4: aOR 0.58 (95% CI 0.32-1.05). The relative treatment effect of prophylactic indomethacin on death or NDI did not vary significantly between quartiles. Conclusions: These findings do not support selective prophylactic indomethacin treatment to improve long-term outcomes of ELBW infants at high risk for severe IVH.
Rosiglitazone Inhibits Angiotensin II-Induced Proliferation of Glomerular Mesangial Cells via the Gαq/Plcβ4/TRPC Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wei Linting , Mao Jiarong , Lu Jiamei , Gao Jie , Zhu Dan , Tian Lifang , Chen Zhao , Jia Lining , Wang Li , Fu Rongguo
Published: December 2017

Background/Aims: Mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation (ECM) deposition play an important role in the pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis. TRPC and PPAR-γ can regulate cell proliferation. Angiotensin II (AngII) can induce mesangial cell proliferation and affect TRPC expression. However, the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This study was designed to investigate the role of TRPC and the effect of rosiglitazone (RSG) in the proliferation of rat glomerular mesangial cells (HBZY-1) that were stimulated by AngII and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR were performed to examine the expression levels of TRPCs in HBZY-1. Gene expression levels of TRPC, PPAR-γ, RGS4 (regulators of G protein signaling), the GPCR/Gαq/PLCβ4/TRPC signaling pathway and major downstream molecules (PCNA, SKP2, P21 and P27) were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Additionally, changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels were determined through Fluo-4 Ca2+ imaging, and the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: Our results found that TRPC1 and 6 were at higher expression levels in HBZY-1 cells. Following AngII stimulation, there were increased levels of TRPC1 and 6, Ca2+ entry, PCNA and SKP2, decreased expression levels of P21 and P27 and a reduced G0/G1 percentage. Silencing TRPC1 and 6 by siRNAs led to decrease in Ca2+ influx, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and cell proliferation. Notably, PPAR-γ activation by RSG upregulated RGS4 expression, which can interact with the Gαq family to inhibit the Gαq-mediated signaling cascade. The results were similar to silencing TRPC1 and 6 by siRNAs. Conclusion: All these results indicate that RSG could inhibit HBZY-1 cell proliferation via the Gαq/PLCβ4/TRPC signaling pathway.
N-Acetylcysteine Influence on Oxidative Stress and Cardiac Remodeling in Rats During Transition from Compensated Left Ventricular Hypertrophy to Heart Failure
Authors: Reyes David R.A. , Gomes Mariana J. , Rosa Camila M. , Pagan Luana U. , Damatto Felipe C. , Damatto Ricardo L. , Depra Igor , Campos Dijon H.S. , Fernandez Ana A.H. , Martinez Paula F. , Okoshi Katashi , Okoshi Marina P.
Published: December 2017

Background/Aims: To evaluate the effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on cardiac structure and function in rats with long-term ascending aortic stenosis (AS). Methods: Four months after inducing AS, Wistar rats were assigned into the groups Sham, AS, and AS treated with NAC (AS-NAC) and followed for eight weeks. Cardiac structure and function were evaluated by echocardiogram. Myocardial antioxidant enzymes activity was measured by spectrophotometry and malondialdehyde serum concentration by HPLC. Gene expression of NADPH oxidase subunits NOX2, NOX4, p22 phox, and p47 phox was assessed by real time RT-PCR and protein expression of MAPK proteins by Western blot. Statistical analyzes were performed with Goodman and ANOVA or Mann-Whitney Results: NAC restored myocardial total glutathione (Sham 20.8±3.00; AS 12.6±2.92; AS-NAC 17.6±2.45 nmol/g tissue; p<0.05 AS vs Sham and AS-NAC). Malondialdehyde serum concentration was lower in AS-NAC and myocardial lipid hydroperoxide was higher in AS (Sham 199±48.1; AS 301±36.0; AS-NAC 181±41.3 nmol/g tissue). Glutathione peroxidase activity was lower in AS than Sham. Echocardiogram showed LV concentric hypertrophy with systolic and diastolic dysfunction before and after treatment; no differences were observed between AS-NAC and AS groups. NAC reduced p-ERK and p-JNK protein expression, attenuated myocardial fibrosis, and decreased the frequency of right ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusion: N-acetylcysteine restores myocardial total glutathione, reduces systemic and myocardial oxidative stress, improves MAPK signaling, and attenuates myocardial fibrosis in aortic stenosis rats.
Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Endogenous FVIII Release following Strenuous Exercise in Non-severe Haemophilia: A Review
Authors: Venema C.L. , Schutgens R.E.G. , Fischer K.
Published: December 2017

Introduction Non-severe haemophilia A is characterized by coagulation Factor VIII activity (FVIII:C) levels of 1 to 40 IU/dL. It has been reported that strenuous exercise increases the plasma FVIII:C in haemophilia A patients. This review highlights current knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms of endogenous FVIII release following strenuous exercise.

Methods A literature search was performed to include relevant studies with data on pathophysiological mechanisms of FVIII release following strenuous exercise in haemophilia.

Results The source of the released FVIII is most likely endothelial cells (ECs) from different vascular beds. ECs from human lung, lymph, heart, intestine, skin and pulmonary artery can release and even produce FVIII in response to activation by epinephrine. Ex vivo evidence suggests that FVIII is co-stored with von Willebrand factor in Weibel–Palade bodies in some forms of non-severe haemophilia. The β-adrenergic receptor pathway is involved in increased FVIII levels following strenuous exercise.

Conclusion The current available ex vivo and in vivo evidence suggests that endogenous FVIII is released by ECs from different vascular beds in response to epinephrine following strenuous exercise in patients with non-severe haemophilia.
Non-professional Soccer in Florianopolis, Brazil: work notes
Authors: Invernizzi Lisandra , Vaz Alexandre Fernandez , Bassani Jaison José
Published: December 2017

O presente trabalho trata do futebol amador, modelo praticado em bairros urbanos, comunidades rurais, clubes populares, em prática aparentemente subterrânea, pouco visível, se observarmos a importância material e simbólica de seu congênere profi ssional. Considerando desenvolvimento e institucionalização do futebol em Florianópolis, conduzimos nossas refl exões por meio de análise de documentos e uma entrevista realizada com um dos dirigentes da entidade local que regulamenta a prática, a Liga Florianopolitana de Futebol (LIFF). Compusemos um retrato do futebol não profi ssional na capital de Santa Catarina, observando que esta prática se espelha no modelo da profi ssionalização, ou seja, mais racionalização, seriedade e competitividade nos torneios.
O quadrado semiótico greimasiano: herança e transformação
Authors: Domaneschi Eliane
Published: December 2017

Este artigo centra sua reflexão na estrutura elementar da significação, ou quadrado semiótico, comopostulada por Algirdas Julien Greimas, com especial atenção às relações que estruturam esse modelo, para apartir daí propor uma leitura crítica e, na medida do pertinente, comparativa de pontos específicos de teoriasdesenvolvidas por três outros autores: Aristóteles, o filósofo grego, Robert Blanché, filósofo francês estruturalistado século XX, e Claude Zilberberg, semioticista francês que trabalha hoje desenvolvendo a teoria semióticatensiva. Apesar de produzidos sob paradigmas disciplinares distintos e, portanto, incomensuráveis, é possívelidentificar nos textos escolhidos pontos de contato, remissão e interlocução. Juntos, eles formam o pano defundo sobre o qual procuraremos discernir o que se pode entender hoje como herança e transformação doquadrado semiótico.
Profile of obese patients in first care in the Ambulatory of Nutrology of Ribeirão Preto (SP)
Authors: Souza Ana Célia Beltran de , Oliveira José Eduardo Dutra de , Caritá Edilson Carlos , Nogueira-de-Almeida Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2017

Objective: bring up the profile of patients diagnosed with obesity, in first care in the Ambulatory of Nutrology of Municipal Board of Ribeirão Preto (RP), from October 2008 to December of 2013. Method: this is a cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive study based on survey data from medical records of patients diagnosed with obesity. Results: this study was conducted with 1386 patients data, 71,7% female and 28,3% male; 8% being children, 19.8% adolescents, 63.7% adults and 8.5% elderly and respectively have Systemic Arterial Hypertension, 0.9%, 3.6%, 49.9% and 83.9%; type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, 0%, 0%, 19.3% and 47.5%; Dyslipidemia, 83.8%, 81.1%, 33.3% and 39.8%; do not use any medicines, 83.3%, 69.8%, 21.4% and 5.1% and use 5 or more medicines, 0%, 0%, 17.5% and 51.7%; do not consume soft drinks, 4.5%, 6.5%, 13.6% and 16.1% and consume soft drinks on a daily basis, 41.4%, 40.7%, 33.7% and 19.5%; do not practice physical activity, 41.4%, 41.4%, 78% and 78% and practice 5-7 times a week, 1.8%, 10.2%, 8.1% and 4.2%; consume alcoholic drinks, 0%, 5.5%, 38.8% and 23.7%; are smokers, 0%, 1.1%, 11.9% and 0.8% and quit smoking, 0%, 0%, 16.9% and 30.5%. In the adult group, 12.5% are class I obese and in the elderly group, 15.3% and respectively class II, 21.3% and 20.3% and class III, 66.2% and 64.4%. Conclusion: there was a prevalence of females in demand for the medical care service, the increase of comorbidities is significant and potentially modifiable habits may be relevant both for the prevention and the treatment of Obesity.
Análise de possíveis fatores de interferência no uso da voz durante atividade docente
Authors: Silva Bárbara Gabriela , Chammas Tiago Visacre , Zenari Marcia Simões , Moreira Renata Rodrigues , Samelli Alessandra Giannella , Nemr Kátia
Published: December 2017

OBJETIVO: Mensurar o risco de disfonia em professores, bem como investigar se os aspectos vocais perceptivo-auditivos e acústicos em situação de ruído, a relação sinal-ruído e os níveis de ruído em sala de aula estão associados à presença de disfonia. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa transversal observacional com 23 professores da educação infantil e ensino fundamental de uma escola particular do município de São Paulo divididos nos grupos sem disfonia e com disfonia. Foram realizados os seguintes procedimentos: protocolo de rastreio de risco de disfonia geral (PRRD-Geral) e complementar para voz falada – professor (PRRD-Específico), gravação da voz durante aula e em situação individual em sala silenciosa, medição da relação sinal-ruído e dos níveis de ruído das salas de aula. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos quanto à atividade física (PRRD-Geral) e particularidades da profissão (PRRD-Específico), bem como em todos os aspectos da análise vocal perceptivo-auditiva. No grupo sem disfonia, foram encontrados sinais de desgaste da voz. Quanto aos recursos vocais nas situações de ruído e silêncio, identificamos diferença para produção de ataque vocal brusco e tendência de uma fala mais precisa na situação-ruído. Tanto a relação sinal-ruído quanto os níveis de ruído das salas durante a aula foram elevados nos dois grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Os professores dos dois grupos estão expostos a riscos elevados para o desenvolvimento de disfonias e apresentam sinais vocais negativos em maior ou menor grau. A relação sinal-ruído apresentou-se inadequada em grande parte das salas de aula, considerando-se as normas tanto para crianças com audição normal quanto para aquelas com perda auditiva, assim como os níveis de ruído equivalentes.
Fifty Years since the 1967 Annexation of East Jerusalem: Israel, the United States, and the First United Nations Denunciation
Authors: Friesel Ofra
Published: December 2017

Israel’s annexation of East Jerusalem was condemned for the first time by the un one week after it took place in unga Resolution 2253. The United States chose to abstain rather than join the denunciation of Israel’s application of its domestic law to East Jerusalem. The claim I wish to make is that the us abstention did not spring from indifference to the question of sovereignty over East Jerusalem, as has previously been contested. The us perceived the Israeli move as contrary to international law, and an obstacle to the possibility of achieving a peaceful resolution to the conflict. Thus, the us abstention was in disregard of a un member state’s responsibility to ‘take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace’, and contributed to the failure of the un peaceful conflict resolution mechanism to achieve a peaceful resolution to the dispute over East Jerusalem.
The semantic extensions of kill and killer in magazine and newspaper corpora
Authors: Chung Siaw-Fong
Published: December 2017

The occurrences of kill and killer are often understood as negative; however, evidence suggests that these words also have positive meanings. To many people, the use of kill and killer indicates physical death, but we found other meanings of these words. First, death is the worst possible outcome, but it is not necessarily a consequence of kill and killer. Second, killer, in particular, has a strong positive meaning that is extended from the ‘deadly’ meaning of kill. Third, we found that the figurative use of killer appeared more often in magazines and newspapers, as well as in fiction but with different purposes, when we compared the data from magazines and newspapers with those from different genres. The results obtained by analysing magazine and newspaper corpora in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) showed the importance of pragmatic interpretation in understanding meanings.
Russophobia in DotA 2
Authors: Wagener Albin
Published: December 2017

Online gaming has been a fascinating field of study for the last ten years, especially in the field of socialization (Kolo & Baur, 2004) or even language use and language learning (Thorne, Black & Sykes, 2009). It has become clear that gamers are able to perform processes of identification in completely new ways in these particular contexts, yet forums linked to specific games become a new source of metapragmatic or metadiscursive utterances. Through their experiences in the game, users make comments, assumptions and draw conclusions in order to ‘do identity’ and separate themselves from Others. The aim of this paper will be to analyse the discourses produced in a corpus of forum discussions linked to “DotA 2”, a popular MOBA (multiplayer online battle arena) game where players from every country of the world gather, which leads to specific forms of discrimination—especially towards Russian gamers. In order to analyse these discursive productions and their semantic and pragmatic impacts, we will use three different approaches in order to triangulate our results: a lexicometric analysis (Garric & Capdevielle-Mougnibas, 2009), the semantic study of argumentative possibilities (Galatanu, 2009) and the mobilization of the proximization model (Cap, 2010), in order to understand the semantic variations and dynamics that are at use when gamers publish discourses about Russian players. In particular, we wish to explore how these precise discourses about Russian players are drawing on pragmatics of common sense (Sarfati, 2011), insofar as they rely on prediscourses (Paveau, 2006) to maintain pragmatic effects which imply cognitive impacts on speakers (Maillat & Oswald, 2009) as well as on the interdiscourses at use (Garric & Longhi, 2013).
Parasites (Isopoda: Epicaridea and Nematoda) from ghost and mud shrimp (Decapoda: Axiidea and Gebiidea) with descriptions of a new genus and a new species of bopyrid isopod and clarification of Pseudione Kossmann, 1881
Authors: BOYKO CHRISTOPHER B. , WILLIAMS JASON D. , SHIELDS JEFFREY D.
Published: December 2017

Ghost and mud shrimps in Axiidea and Gebiidea are hosts to parasitic epicaridean isopods, including species in Bopyridae and Ionidae. These isopods can reach high prevalence levels on their mud shrimp hosts and may strongly influence host ecology and biology. Currently, 54 species of bopyrids and eight species of ionids are known to parasitize ghost and mud shrimps. We present new taxonomic data on three species of ionids and ten species of bopyrids (nine previously described and one new to science), as well as on an undescribed species of nematode from an axiidean host. New locality and host records are given for all species. Our analysis of new material and review of museum specimens includes the description of the new species Acrobelione halimedae n. sp. from Austinogebia spinfrons (Haswell, 1881). We also provide an improved definition for the genus Pseudione Kossmann, 1881, based on morphological characters found in both sexes, and resolution of the type species, P. callianassae Kossmann, 1881. In our revision of Pseudione we erect a new genus, Robinione, and placed two species therein: R. overstreeti (Adkison & Heard, 1995) and R. brattstroemi (Stuardo, Vega & Cespedes, 1986). In addition, two other species are removed from Pseudione: P. compressa (Shiino, 1964) is moved to Ionella Bonnier, 1900, and P. panopei Pearse, 1947 is considered a synonym of Progebiophilus upogebiae (Hay, 1917). Bopyrid isopods represent a large, diverse taxon and our findings help clarify the taxonomy of those species found on ghost and mud shrimps.
Convective-Scale Perturbation Growth across the Spectrum of Convective Regimes
Authors: Flack David L. A. , Gray Suzanne L. , Plant Robert S. , Lean Humphrey W. , Craig George C.
Published: December 2017

Convection-permitting ensembles have led to improved forecasts of many atmospheric phenomena. However, to fully utilize these forecasts the dependence of predictability on synoptic conditions needs to be understood. In this study, convective regimes are diagnosed based on a convective time scale that identifies the degree to which convection is in equilibrium with the large-scale forcing. Six convective cases are examined in a convection-permitting ensemble constructed using the Met Office Unified Model. The ensemble members were generated using small-amplitude buoyancy perturbations added into the boundary layer, which can be considered to represent turbulent fluctuations close to the grid scale. Perturbation growth is shown to occur on different scales with an order of magnitude difference between the regimes [O(1) km for cases closer to nonequilibrium convection and O(10) km for cases closer to equilibrium convection]. This difference reflects the fact that cell locations are essentially random in the equilibrium events after the first 12 h of the forecast, indicating a more rapid upscale perturbation growth compared to the nonequilibrium events. Furthermore, large temporal variability is exhibited in all perturbation growth diagnostics for the nonequilibrium regime. Two boundary condition–driven cases are also considered and show similar characteristics to the nonequilibrium cases, implying that caution is needed to interpret the time scale when initiation is not within the domain. Further understanding of perturbation growth within the different regimes could lead to a better understanding of where ensemble design improvements can be made beyond increasing the model resolution and could improve interpretation of forecasts.
Ethnic density of regions and psychiatric disorders among ethnic minority individuals
Authors: Emerson Scott Daniel , Minh Anita , Guhn Martin
Published: December 2017

Background:

Ethnic minorities form an increasingly large proportion of Canada’s population. Living in areas of greater ethnic density may help protect mental health among ethnic minorities through psychosocial pathways such as accessibility to culturally appropriate provision of mental health care, less discrimination and a greater sense of belonging. Mood and anxiety disorders are common psychiatric disorders.

Aim:

This study examined whether ethnic density of regions was related to mood and anxiety disorders among ethnic minorities in Canada.

Method:

Responses by ethnic minority individuals to the 2011–2014 administrations of the Canadian Community Health Survey ( n =  33,201) were linked to health region ethnic density data. Multilevel logistic regression was employed to model the odds of having mood and/or anxiety disorders associated with increasing region-level ethnic density and to examine whether sense of community belonging helped explain variance in such associations. Analyses were adjusted for individual-level demographic factors as well as region-level socio-economic factors.

Results:

Higher ethnic density related to lower odds of mood and/or anxiety disorders for Canadian-born (but not foreign-born) ethnic minorities. Sense of community belonging did not help explain such associations, but independently related to lower odds of mood and/or anxiety disorders. These findings remained after adjusting for regional population density and after excluding (rural/remote) regions of very low ethnic density.

Conclusion:

Ethnic density of regions in Canada may be an important protective factor against mental illness among Canadian-born ethnic minorities. It is important to better understand how, and for which specific ethno-cultural groups, ethnic density may influence mental health.
The Human Crocodile Murder
Authors: Bean C. M.
Published: December 2017

While the political destiny of African States is being argued, police work has to go on. This article reminds us just how varied police work can be.
Police in Fact and Fiction
Authors: Fry J. E.
Published: December 2017

We congratulate Mr. Fry on being awarded the Queen's Police Gold Medal for the following essay
The Fighting Irish? Explaining the Temporal Pattern of Social Protest during Ireland’s Fiscal Crisis 2008–2014
Authors: Layte Richard , Landy David
Published: December 2017

The fiscal crisis of 2008 led to severe recession and hardship in Ireland, yet there was relatively little civic unrest and public protest until the autumn of 2014 when, paradoxically, economic conditions had improved significantly. Sociologists often explain such patterns by invoking a social mechanism based on perceived ‘relative deprivation’ among a population sub-group. We show that these processes cannot explain the temporal pattern of protest in Ireland and argue instead that events should be understood through the interaction of two different processes: first, the development of an ‘incidental’ grievance which framed popular discontent about the ‘structural’ grievances brought about by the wider fiscal crisis and recession. Second, the early absence of, and later emergence of coordinated political opposition with effective ‘strategies of contention’. We use a mixed methods approach, drawing on seven waves of the European Social Survey combined with qualitative interviews.
Between Equal Rights: Primitive Accumulation and Capital’s Violence
Authors: Ince Onur Ulas
Published: December 2017

This essay attempts to elaborate a political theory of capital’s violence. Recent analyses have adopted Karl Marx’s notion of the “primitive accumulation of capital” for investigating the forcible methods by which the conditions of capital accumulation are reproduced in the present. I argue that the current scholarship is limited by a certain functionalism in its theorization of ongoing primitive accumulation. The analytic function accorded to primitive accumulation, I contend, can be better performed by the concepts of “capital-positing violence” and “capital-preserving violence.” In coining these new concepts, I first refine the conceptual core of primitive accumulation as the coercive capitalization of social relations of reproduction, which falls into sharpest relief in the violent history of colonial capitalism. I then elucidate this conceptual core with reference to Carl Schmitt’s account of European colonial expansion and Walter Benjamin’s reflections on law-making and law-preserving violence. The resultant concepts of capital-positing and capital-preserving violence, I conclude, can illuminate both the historical and the quotidian operations of the politico-juridical force that has been constitutive of capitalism down to our present moment.
The Reputational Consequences of Generalized Trust
Authors: Evans Anthony M. , van de Calseyde Philippe P. F. M.
Published: December 2017

The present research examines the reputational consequences of generalized trust. High-trust individuals are seen as moral and sociable, but not necessarily competent. When controlling for other traits, there is a negative relationship between trust and perceived competence (Studies 1 and 2). Compared with optimism, generalized trust has stronger effects on morality and sociability (Study 2). Furthermore, people judge those who do not discriminate between trustworthy and untrustworthy groups (unconditional trustors) more negatively than those who only trust groups that are, in fact, trustworthy (conditional trustors). Unconditional trust and unconditional distrust are both viewed negatively (Study 3), even after controlling for attitudinal similarity (Study 4). Critically, both generalized trust and discriminant ability (i.e., conditional trust) have independent reputational benefits (Study 5). These studies suggest that generalized trust plays an important role in how we perceive and judge others.
Primary Surgery vs Radiotherapy for Early Stage Oral Cavity Cancer
Authors: Ellis Mark A. , Graboyes Evan M. , Wahlquist Amy E. , Neskey David M. , Kaczmar John M. , Schopper Heather K. , Sharma Anand K. , Morgan Patrick F. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Day Terry A.
Published: December 2017

Objective

The goal of this study is to determine the effect of primary surgery vs radiotherapy (RT) on overall survival (OS) in patients with early stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). In addition, this study attempts to identify factors associated with receiving primary RT.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

National Cancer Database (NCDB, 2004‐2013).

Subjects and Methods

Reviewing the NCDB from 2004 to 2013, patients with early stage I to II OCSCC were identified. Kaplan‐Meier estimates of survival, Cox regression analysis, and propensity score matching were used to examine differences in OS between primary surgery and primary RT. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with primary RT.

Results

Of the 20,779 patients included in the study, 95.4% (19,823 patients) underwent primary surgery and 4.6% (956 patients) underwent primary RT. After adjusting for covariates, primary RT was associated with an increased risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.97; 99% confidence interval [CI], 1.74‐2.22). On multivariable analysis, factors associated with primary RT included age ≥70 years, black race, Medicaid or Medicare insurance, no insurance, oral cavity subsite other than tongue, clinical stage II disease, low‐volume treatment facilities, and earlier treatment year.

Conclusion

Primary RT for early stage OCSCC is associated with increased mortality. Approximately 5% of patients receive primary RT; however, this percentage is decreasing. Patients at highest risk for receiving primary RT include those who are elderly, black, with public insurance, and treated at low‐volume facilities.
Biomarkers of cardiometabolic health and nutritional status in individuals with positive celiac disease serology
Authors: Jamnik Joseph , Jenkins David JA , El-Sohemy Ahmed
Published: December 2017

Background:

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by damage to the intestinal mucosa and nutrient malabsorption in severe cases. However, it remains unclear whether nutrient deficiencies and other adverse health effects are prevalent in individuals with positive CD serology identified through screening studies.

Objective:

The objective was to determine whether biomarkers of cardiometabolic health and nutritional status differ between those with positive and negative CD serology identified in a screening study of Canadian adults.

Methods:

Participants ( n=2832) were from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study and the Toronto Healthy Diet Study. Individuals were screened for CD-specific anti-tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies. Lipid profiles as well as concentrations of six carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, and zeaxanthin), three tocopherols (α-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol), retinol, ascorbic acid, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were cross-sectionally compared between those with positive and negative CD serology using general linear mixed models.

Results:

Individuals with positive CD serology ( n=23) had significantly lower levels of HDL-cholesterol ( p=0.008) and apolipoprotein-AI ( p=0.02), a higher ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ( p=0.006), and a higher apolipoprotein-B/AI ratio ( p=0.03) than those with negative CD serology. Positive CD serology was also associated with significantly lower concentrations of retinol ( p=0.006) in fully adjusted models. Those with positive CD serology had lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in unadjusted models ( p=0.01), but not in fully adjusted models ( p=0.08).

Conclusions:

Individuals with undiagnosed CD may have unfavorable lipid profiles and be at elevated risk for inadequacy of certain fat-soluble vitamins, but not widespread nutrient deficiencies.
Perivascular neurotransmitters: Regulation of cerebral blood flow and role in primary headaches
Authors: Frederiksen Simona D , Haanes Kristian A , Warfvinge Karin , Edvinsson Lars
Published: December 2017

In order to understand the nature of the relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and primary headaches, we have conducted a literature review with particular emphasis on the role of perivascular neurotransmitters. Primary headaches are in general considered complex polygenic disorders (genetic and environmental influence) with pathophysiological neurovascular alterations. Identified candidate headache genes are associated with neuro- and gliogenesis, vascular development and diseases, and regulation of vascular tone. These findings support a role for the vasculature in primary headache disorders. Moreover, neuronal hyperexcitability and other abnormalities have been observed in primary headaches and related to changes in hemodynamic factors. In particular, this relates to migraine aura and spreading depression. During headache attacks, ganglia such as trigeminal and sphenopalatine (located outside the blood-brain barrier) are variably activated and sensitized which gives rise to vasoactive neurotransmitter release. Sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory nerves to the cerebral vasculature are activated. During migraine attacks, altered CBF has been observed in brain regions such as the somatosensory cortex, brainstem and thalamus. In regulation of CBF, the individual roles of neurotransmitters are partly known, but much needs to be unraveled with respect to headache disorders.
Sifting through the surfeit of neuroinflammation tracers
Authors: Cumming Paul , Burgher Bjorn , Patkar Omkar , Breakspear Michael , Vasdev Neil , Thomas Paul , Liu Guo-Jun , Banati Richard
Published: December 2017

The first phase of molecular brain imaging of microglial activation in neuroinflammatory conditions began some 20 years ago with the introduction of [11C]-( R)-PK11195, the prototype isoquinoline ligand for translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO). Investigations by positron emission tomography (PET) revealed microgliosis in numerous brain diseases, despite the rather low specific binding signal imparted by [11C]-( R)-PK11195. There has since been enormous expansion of the repertoire of TSPO tracers, many with higher specific binding, albeit complicated by allelic dependence of the affinity. However, the specificity of TSPO PET for revealing microglial activation not been fully established, and it has been difficult to judge the relative merits of the competing tracers and analysis methods with respect to their sensitivity for detecting microglial activation. We therefore present a systematic comparison of 13 TSPO PET and single photon computed tomography (SPECT) tracers belonging to five structural classes, each of which has been investigated by compartmental analysis in healthy human brain relative to a metabolite-corrected arterial input. We emphasize the need to establish the non-displaceable binding component for each ligand and conclude with five recommendations for a standard approach to define the cellular distribution of TSPO signals, and to characterize the properties of candidate TSPO tracers.
Divine Beings at Work: A Motif in Late First Intermediate Period and Early Middle Kingdom Mortuary Texts*
Authors: Kóthay Katalin Anna
Published: December 2017

Three mortuary compositions dating to the Eleventh and Twelfth Dynasties contain the same motif associated with the subservient work (b3k) of beings of divine nature on behalf of divine recipients. The motif in each case forms part of a larger compositional unit. All three attestations share structural and contextual features, which involve variants of a specific model of the community of the gods and the dead. Apart from the detailed analysis of the motif and the related model, the article aims at revealing major patterns in the interplay between models of work in human society and in the society of the divine world.
The Meaning of the Phrase M ḤM N STP-S3*
Authors: Shaw Garry J.
Published: December 2017

The phrase m ḥm n stp-s3, typically translated as ‘in the majesty of the palace’, is shown to have the actual meaning ‘as a manifestation of royal service/desire’, with the action preceding the phrase acting as a mechanism through which the abstract, intangible concept of ‘service (relating to royal desire)’ is given a specific form that can be experienced in the physical world. This is shown through a study and clarification of the meaning of the words ḥm and stp-s3, and an analysis of the known examples of the phrase m ḥm n stp-s3.
New Light on the Amarna Period from North Sinai*
Authors: Hoffmeier James K. , Van Dijk Jacobus
Published: December 2017

Since 1999 investigations at Tell el-Borg in North Sinai have uncovered significant material from the Amarna period. In addition to pottery from this period, several wine jar seals and other small objects mention the names of members of the royal family of Akhetaten. Particularly interesting is a seal impression with the cartouche of Neferneferuaten followed by the epithet Akhetenhyes, adding a further occurrence to the dossier of this enigmatic royal figure.
À propos de l'identification du Temple a de Mît Rahîna/Memphis*
Authors: Pasquali Stéphane
Published: December 2017

New reading of an inscription carved on a colossal statue of the Mît Rahîna museum allowing an identification for the monument named ‘Temple A’ by the Survey of Memphis (EES) to be proposed: the sanctuary of ‘Ramesses II beloved-like-Ptah’. This may have been a place dedicated to personal piety.
The nb.t in the Moscow mathematical papyrus, and a tomb model from Beni Hasan*
Authors: Miatello Luca
Published: December 2017

Philological uncertainties characterize the analysis of Problem 10 from the Moscow mathematical papyrus, particularly regarding the identification of the object of calculation designated as nb.t. The interpretations previously proposed have differing degrees of plausibility, but none provides decisive evidence. The analysis of a cylindrical measuring vessel from the temple of Karnak, and of a vessel in a three-dimensional model from Beni Hasan, supports the suggestion that the object being calculated is a semi-cylinder.
Two overlooked oracles
Authors: Klotz David
Published: December 2017

New readings proposed for two Late Period stelae reveal additional evidence for divine oracles. In JE 72130, Nectanebo I relates how the goddess Nehmetaway proclaimed his future kingship through an oracle, not a public hieros-gamos ritual as Roeder had suggested. JE 53147 (Bucheum Stela 9), informs us that the new Buchis was chosen by the statue of Amenope during a ritual procession in Luxor, possibly from among a pool of qualified taurian candidates.
Some Remarks on the Palm Columns from the Pronaos of Herakleopolis Magna*
Authors: Yasuoka Yoshifumi
Published: December 2017

The palm columns from the pronaos of Herakleopolis Magna reveal several aspects of Ramesside architecture: traces of the effaced inscription panel on the shafts confirm earlier hypotheses that the columns were usurped by Ramesses II; discrepancies in the craftsmanship between the column groups of the east and the west halves of the pronaos indicate that these occurred accidentally through the miscommunication of two groups of workmen. It is also suggested Khaemwaset, the fourth son of Ramesses II, was possibly involved in the construction of the pronaos.
On the right of way in Ancient Egypt: (entry to and exit from an estate: ∈'iσoδos kai “∈ξoδos)
Authors: Allam Schafik
Published: December 2017

Greek papyri recording transactions involving immovable property (buildings or land) often include a clause through which one of the two contracting parties is guaranteed inter alia the right to use a path over or adjacent to the property of his partner. The same phenomenon occurs in Demotic documents. An examination of the antecedents for this documentation reveals that the right of way was an important issue in the Pharaonic period, with disputes being decided in the law-courts.
Bemerkungen zur Bedeutung des Papyrus Nebseni (BM EA 9900)
Authors: Lapp Günther
Published: December 2017

In a recent review of a publication of the papyrus of Nebseni, it was argued that certain Book of the Dead spells are rare, or only attested on that papyrus, and that hence these chapters might have a Memphite origin. However, further attestations can be found for nearly all of the spells in question, undermining these arguments.