bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single‐atom catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons and oxygenates
Authors: Gandionco Karl Adrian , Kim Juwon , Bekaert Lieven , Hubin Annick , Lim Jongwoo
Published: September 2023

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide offers a sound and economically viable technology for the electrification and decarbonization of the chemical and fuel industries. In this technology, an electrocatalytic material and renewable energy‐generated electricity drive the conversion of carbon dioxide into high‐value chemicals and carbon‐neutral fuels. Over the past few years, single‐atom catalysts have been intensively studied as they could provide near‐unity atom utilization and unique catalytic performance. Single‐atom catalysts have become one of the state‐of‐the‐art catalyst materials for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide. However, it remains a challenge for single‐atom catalysts to facilitate the efficient conversion of carbon dioxide into products beyond carbon monoxide. In this review, we summarize and present important findings and critical insights from studies on the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction into hydrocarbons and oxygenates using single‐atom catalysts. It is hoped that this review gives a thorough recapitulation and analysis of the science behind the catalysis of carbon dioxide into more reduced products through single‐atom catalysts so that it can be a guide for future research and development on catalysts with industry‐ready performance for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into high‐value chemicals and carbon‐neutral fuels.
Multi‐model predictive control ofSCRflue gas denitrification system in coal‐fired power plant based on kernel fuzzy c‐means clustering and integrated model
Authors: Tang Minan , An Bo , Qiu Jiandong , Wang Shengyu , Li Zhenfen , Zhang Yaqi , Yan Yaguang , Wang Wenjuan
Published: September 2023

A multi‐model predictive control strategy based on kernel fuzzy c‐means (KFCM) clustering and integrated model is proposed for the complex problem of rapid and accurate control of ammonia injection in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitrification systems of coal‐fired power plants under a wide range of variable load conditions. First, the SCR data samples are clustered using the KFCM clustering algorithm, and the number of clusters is determined by introducing the Xie‐Beni index. Second, the prediction model of the SCR denitrification system is established by an integrated modelling approach, and the sub‐learners of the integrated model are the genetic algorithm optimized back propagation (GA‐BP) neural network model and the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) model. Third, a multi‐model prediction controller based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and the integrated model is designed and developed. To ensure the stability of the system, a model‐switching strategy based on the minimum Euclidean distance is proposed. Finally, simulation verification and industrial field application verification are fulfilled by comparing with proportion integral differential (PID) control and single model predictive control (MPC). The results show that the multi‐model predictive control method proposed in this paper can obtain higher control accuracy and better control stability and meet the control requirements for the long‐term operation of the SCR denitrification system.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Alkynylation of Allenyl Ketones: Access to 3‐Alkynyl Poly‐substituted Furans†
Authors: Dou Bowen , Wang Kang , Wang Jianbo
Published: September 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Furans bearing alkynyl substituents are highly useful in organic synthesis. However, the methodologies to access these important furan derivatives are rather limited. We herein report an efficient synthesis of alkynylated furan derivatives based on Pd‐catalyzed oxidative cross‐coupling reaction between allenyl ketones and terminal alkynes. This novel synthesis of alkynylated furans with wide substrate scope is operationally simple and tolerates various functional groups. Mechanistically, the formation of the palladium carbene through cycloisomerization and the subsequent alkynyl migratory insertion are proposed as the key steps in the transformation. The reaction reported in this paper further demonstrates the generality of the carbene‐based cross coupling.
Use of religious and spiritual responses after trauma to prevent posttraumatic stress symptoms and suicidality: The role of meaning in life
Authors: Sinnott Sinead M. , Park Crystal L. , George Jamilah R. , Gnall Katherine E. , David Adam B.
Published: September 2023

Background

The present study examined the relationship between religious/spiritual (R/S) responses to trauma, meaning in life, and psychopathology among US veterans (n = 729).

Methods

Participants (66.7% male and 83.2% White) completed study questionnaires assessing positive religious coping, divine spiritual struggle, meaning in life, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and suicidality severity. Assessments were conducted via telephone interviews at baseline (T1), 3 months (T2) and 6 months (T3).

Results

Divine spiritual struggle was associated with lower meaning in life, higher suicidality and higher PTSS at all time points. Positive religious coping was associated with higher meaning in life at all time points and lower suicidality at T2. Meaning in life fully mediated relationships between divine spiritual struggle and both PTSS and suicidality. While higher levels of T1 positive religious coping predicted increased T3 PTSS when controlling for T1 PTSS, meaning in life partially mediated this relationship, with a negative indirect effect. Meaning in life also fully mediated the relationship between positive religious coping and later suicidality, with a negative indirect effect.

Discussion

These findings suggest that divine spiritual struggle consistently predicts both higher PTSS and suicidality. Further, a sense of meaning plays a large role in linking R/S responses to trauma and psychological outcomes. It holds promise as a means through which positive religious coping may exert beneficial effects. Clinicians should be particularly mindful of negative R/S responses after trauma as a risk factor for adverse psychological outcomes. Future research should examine whether meaning‐based interventions are beneficial after trauma.
Cereal Rye Among the Best Cover Crops at Weed Suppression
Authors: Sever Megan
Published: September 2023

Cereal rye, as a fall‐planted and winter‐grown cover crop, offers many benefits. It tolerates both frigid winter temperatures and warm springs. It also tolerates both the wet conditions and drought. It reduces soil erosion, enhances soil organic matter, improves soil water retention, and reduces nutrient leaching. But, it’s not a panacea, of course. This article will discuss some of the benefits, challenges, and considerations of using cereal rye as a cover crop. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Economics of Cover Crops
Authors: Blanco Humberto
Published: September 2023

While a comprehensive economic analysis of cover crops accounting for all soil ecosystem services from cover crops is lacking, the available studies indicate that cover crops have potential to provide positive net returns if biomass production is sufficient. Among the opportunities to generate positive economic outcomes from cover crops include grazing and harvesting cover crops, savings on herbicides and fertilizers, carbon credits, and monetization of soil ecosystem services. Earn 1.5 CEUs in Crop Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
How impact investing funds invest in social‐purpose organizations: A cross‐country comparison
Authors: Borrello Alice , Bengo Irene , Moran Michael
Published: September 2023

Impact investing funds (IIFs) are a type of investment fund that aims to achieve both financial and social goals, and they have become a valuable resource for social purpose organizations (SPOs) seeking capital. Our research evaluates the investment process by comparing approaches in two countries, Italy and Australia. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 9 IIFs and 12 SPOs and used the Gioia Methodology to conduct the data analysis. We found both similar features and divergences. The investing process by IIFs in Australia is conservative, more risk averse and more profit‐oriented with a predominant “finance‐first” strategy. By contrast, in Italy there is a clear preference for “impact‐led” investment. We argue this illustrates a fundamental difference in investment philosophy and that IIFs in the two countries navigate, interpret, and understand the field of impact investment in contrasting ways. Finally, we contribute to the growing literature on impact investing by putting forward an “ideal” impact investment process that respects the integrity and peculiarities of the Social Impact Investment approach.
Investigating the Influence of Treatments on Carbon Felts for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Schilling Monja , Eifert László , Köble Kerstin , Jaugstetter Maximilian , Bevilacqua Nico , Fahy Kieran F. , Tschulik Kristina , Bazylak Aimy , Zeis Roswitha
Published: September 2023

Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) electrodes face challenges related to their long‐term operation. We investigated different electrode treatments mimicking the aging processes during operation, including thermal activation, aging, soaking, and storing. Several characterization techniques were used to deepen the understanding of the treatment of carbon felts. Synchrotron X‐ray imaging, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with the distribution of relaxation times analysis, and dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) revealed differences between the wettability of felts. The bulk saturation after electrolyte injection into the carbon felts significantly differed from 8 % to 96 %. DVS revealed differences in the sorption/desorption behavior of carbon felt ranging from a slight change of 0.8 wt % to over 100 wt %. Additionally, the interactions between the water vapor and the sample change from type V to type H2. After treatment, morphology changes were observed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Cyclic voltammetry and EIS were used to probe the electrochemical performance, revealing different catalytic activities and transport‐related impedances for the treated samples. These investigations are crucial for understanding the effects of treatments on the performance and optimizing materials for long‐term operation.
Diet‐microbiome‐immune interplay in multiple sclerosis: Understanding the impact of phytoestrogen metabolizing gut bacteria
Authors: Lehman Peter C. , Ghimire Sudeep , Price Jeffrey D. , Ramer‐Tait Amanda E. , Mangalam Ashutosh K.
Published: September 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and progressive autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to the pathobiology of the disease. Although HLA genes have emerged as the strongest genetic factor linked to MS, consensus on the environmental risk factors is lacking. Recently, the gut microbiota has garnered increasing attention as a potential environmental factor in MS, as mounting evidence suggests that individuals with MS exhibit microbial dysbiosis (changes in the gut microbiome). Thus, there has been a strong emphasis on understanding the role of the gut microbiome in the pathobiology of MS, specifically, factors regulating the gut microbiota and the mechanism(s) through which gut microbes may contribute to MS. Among all factors, diet has emerged to have the strongest influence on the composition and function of gut microbiota. As MS patients lack gut bacteria capable of metabolizing dietary phytoestrogen, we will specifically discuss the role of a phytoestrogen diet and phytoestrogen metabolizing gut bacteria in the pathobiology of MS. A better understanding of these mechanisms will help to harness the enormous potential of the gut microbiota as potential therapeutics to treat MS and other autoimmune diseases.
Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2021–mid‐2023)
Authors: Kašička Václav
Published: September 2023

This review article brings a comprehensive survey of developments and applications of high‐performance capillary and microchip electromigration methods (zone electrophoresis in a free solution or in sieving media, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) for analysis, micropreparation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides in the period from 2021 up to ca. the middle of 2023. Progress in the study of electromigration properties of peptides and various aspects of their analysis, such as sample preparation, adsorption suppression, electroosmotic flow regulation, and detection, are presented. New developments in the particular capillary electromigration methods are demonstrated, and several types of their applications are reported. They cover qualitative and quantitative analysis of synthetic or isolated peptides and determination of peptides in complex biomatrices, peptide profiling of biofluids and tissues, and monitoring of chemical and enzymatic reactions and physicochemical changes of peptides. They include also amino acid and sequence analysis of peptides, peptide mapping of proteins, separation of stereoisomers of peptides, and their chiral analyses. In addition, micropreparative separations and physicochemical characterization of peptides and their interactions with other (bio)molecules by the above CE methods are described.
Impact of Preprocessing of Graphene Additive via Ultrasonication on the Electrochemical Performance of Activated Carbon‐Based Supercapacitors
Authors: Chameh Behnam , Shaker Majid , Shahalizade Taieb , Sadeghi Ghazvini Aliasghar , Saznaghi Maryam Hemmati , Farhadi Saeed , Shahroudi Hamideh , Raissi Babak , Aghaei Alireza , Yaghmaee Maziar Sahba , Riahifar Reza
Published: September 2023

This article investigates the influence of the addition method of graphene to activated carbon (AC) on the electrochemical performance of the fabricated electric double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs). To do so, the same graphene material is introduced to the other electrode slurry materials either in the form of a powder (GP) or a suspension (GL). It is discovered that the introduction of graphene already dispersed by ultrasonic in a suspension to AC has a better effect on the electrochemical performance of the fabricated EDLCs than directly employing its powder. GL EDLC achieves the highest capacitance of 54 F g−1 at a current density of 0.05 A g−1 in an organic electrolyte, which is much better than the GP EDLC (41.9 F g−1) and about 77% more than AC EDLC. Moreover, after cycling at various current densities (2000 cycles), GL EDLC maintains 28.8 F g−1 of its capacitance with 99.4% coulombic efficiency at a current density of 1 A g−1. Finally, GL EDLC exhibits 35.8 and 21.4 Wh kg−1 energy densities at 50.2 and 1102.8 W kg−1 power densities, respectively. The better performance of GL EDLC in comparison with GP EDLC is ascribed to better graphene dispersion.
Culturally Responsive Assessment: Provisional Principles
Authors: Walker Michael E. , Olivera‐Aguilar Margarita , Lehman Blair , Laitusis Cara , Guzman‐Orth Danielle , Gholson Melissa
Published: September 2023

Recent criticisms of large‐scale summative assessments have claimed that the assessments are biased against historically excluded groups because of the assessments' lack of cultural representation. Accompanying these criticisms is a call for more culturally responsive assessments—assessments that take into account the background characteristics of the students; their beliefs, values, and ethics; their lived experiences; and everything that affects how they learn and behave and communicate. In this paper, we present provisional principles, based on a review of research, that we deem necessary for fostering cultural responsiveness in assessment. We believe the application of these principles can address the criticisms of current assessments.
Models of light absorption enhancement in perovskite solar cells by plasmonic nanoparticles
Authors: Zheng Daming , Pauporté Thierry , Schwob Catherine , Coolen Laurent
Published: September 2023

Numerous experiments have demonstrated improvements on the efficiency of perovskite solar cells by introducing plasmonic nanoparticles, however, the underlying mechanisms are still not clear: the particles may enhance light absorption and scattering, as well as charge separation and transfer, or the perovskite's crystalline quality. Eventually, it can still be debated whether unambiguous plasmonic increase of light absorption has indeed been achieved. Here, various optical models are employed to provide a physical understanding of the relevant parameters in plasmonic perovskite cells and the conditions under which light absorption may be enhanced by plasmonic mechanisms. By applying the recent generalized Mie theory to gold nanospheres in perovskite, it is shown that their plasmon resonance is conveniently located in the 650–800 nm wavelength range, where absorption enhancement is most needed. It is evaluated for which active layer thickness and nanoparticle concentration a significant enhancement can be expected. Finally, the experimental literature on plasmonic perovskite solar cells is analyzed in light of this theoretical description. It is estimated that only a tiny portion of these reports can be associated with light absorption and point out the importance of reporting the perovskite thickness and nanoparticle concentration in order to assess the presence of plasmonic effects.
Co‐creating knowledge with undocumented Filipino students:Kuwentuhanas a research method
Authors: Gutierrez Rose Ann E. , Piñon Hazel , Valmocena Marie Trisha
Published: September 2023

We conceptualizekuwentuhanas a methodological disruption to Western constructs of research. The purpose of this article is two‐fold: first, to conceptualize and explicitly namekwentuhanas a research method and two, to reclaim Filipino epistemology and ontology through language. We orientkuwentuhanwithin the framework ofSikolohiyang Pilipinoand more specifically, the concept ofkapwaand discuss three elements ofkwentuhanas a research method to use with and for undocumented Filipino students. Our implications offer conceptual nourishment in conducting critical and humanizing research and practice with and for undocumented students rooted in their culture.

Practical Takeaways

Researchers and practitioners must get to know people as people first orkapwa‐tao(fellow human being), an ontological orientation ofkwentuhan.

Researchers and practitioners need to understand undocumented students’ narratives do not exist in a vacuum. Rather, individual narratives, when talking story with another individual, are part of a larger constellation of stories or a collective story of one's own people shaped by broader sociopolitical and historical contexts.

Researchers and practitioners must hold themselves accountable to continuously educating themselves about the cultures of students they are working with outside of the professional space and how contemporary sociopolitical discourses are impacting undocumented students’ daily realities.

Researchers and practitioners should critically reflect about their positionality, or position in relation to power, and the dynamics and contexts in which power shifts throughout their working relationship with undocumented students from different racial and ethnic groups.
Influence of breastfeeding education and support on predominant breastfeeding: Findings from a community‐based prospective cohort study in Western Nepal
Authors: Khanal Vishnu
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims

Breastfeeding education and support have the potential to improve breastfeeding outcomes. However, there is a lack of research on the impact of breastfeeding education on predominant breastfeeding in Nepal and other South Asian countries. This study aimed to report the rate of predominant breastfeeding at the first, fourth, and sixth months of birth and examine the influence of breastfeeding promotion on predominant breastfeeding.

Methods

A community‐based prospective cohort study was conducted in western Nepal. A total of 735 mother‐infant pairs were recruited within 30 days of childbirth and followed up at the fourth and sixth months to collect data on infant feeding practices.

Results

The rate of predominant breastfeeding at first, fourth, and sixth months were 88.6% (N = 735), 78.2% (N = 715), and 26.3% (N = 711), respectively, showing a significant decline with infant age. Mothers who received support on breastfeeding skills (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 2.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.73−3.75), those who received advice on keeping mother‐infant together (AOR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.14−4.22) and who had initiated breastfeeding within 1 h of childbirth (AOR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.73−3.75), and who were educated, had higher likelihood of predominant breastfeeding at sixth month.

Conclusion

This study asserts a need for continuous and focused breastfeeding promotion programs to educate and support lactating mothers.
Functions and Pathological Dysfunctions of RNA and Proteins: ICS Symposium Honoring Wolf Prize Laureates Chuan He, Jeffrey W. Kelly, and Hiroaki Suga: June 14, 2023, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
Authors: Keinan Ehud
Published: September 2023

The Annual Wolf Prize Symposia of the Israel Chemical Society (ICS) have become a significant component of the scientific landscape of the State of Israel. These highly attended events occur annually in late May or early June as part of the Wolf Prize week, usually one day before the award ceremony in the Knesset. This account covers the one‐day symposium at the Weizmann Institute of Science on June 14, 2023, the Wolf Prize ceremony in the Knesset on June 15, and several other events in Israel that week, all honoring Chuan He, Jeffrey W. Kelly, and Hiroaki Suga.
Circ_0071589 contributes to growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis of colorectal cancer through regulating miR‐296‐5p/EN2 axis
Authors: Tang Shiyu , Kong Pengfei , Li Qian , Tang Xuegui
Published: September 2023

To explore the function and regulation mechanism of circ_0071589 in colorectal cancer (CRC). The expression levels of circ_0071589, microRNA‐296‐5p (miR‐296‐5p), and Engrailed‐2 (EN2) were detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Western blot was performed to check the protein levels of EN2 and apoptosis‐related proteins. Cell colony formation and 5‐Ethynyl‐29‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assay were used to exhibit cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis was shown by flow cytometry. Tube formation assay manifested the angiogenesis ability of CRC cells. Transwell assay demonstrated cell migration and invasion. The interaction between miR‐296‐5p and circ_0071589 or EN2 was identified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. The effect of circ_0071589 on tumor formation was demonstrated by in vivo tumor formation experiments. Immunohistochemical (IHC) assay was used to detect the positive cell rate of Ki67 in tumor tissue. Circ_0071589 was upregulated in CRC tissue and cells. Circ_0071589 knockdown repressed CRC cells proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis. MiR‐296‐5p was downregulated in CRC tissue and cells. And miR‐296‐5p inhibitor could reverse the malignant phenotypes and angiogenesis inhibition of CRC cells caused by circ_0071589 knockdown. Additionally, miR‐296‐5p decreased CRC cell colony formation, EdU‐positive cells, angiogenesis, and increased cell apoptosis through reducing the expression level of EN2. Finally, circ_0071589 silencing inhibited tumor formation in vivo. Circ_0071589 upregulated EN2 expression through sponging miR‐296‐5p, thereby promoting the malignant phenotype and angiogenesis of CRC cells, which provided a new target for the treatment of CRC.
Radiation induces long‐term muscle fibrosis and promotes a fibrotic phenotype in fibro‐adipogenic progenitors
Authors: Collao Nicolas , D'Souza Donna , Messeiller Laura , Pilon Evan , Lloyd Jessica , Larkin Jillian , Ngu Matthew , Cuillerier Alexanne , Green Alexander E. , Menzies Keir J. , Burelle Yan , De Lisio Michael
Published: September 2023

Background

Radiation‐induced muscle pathology, characterized by muscle atrophy and fibrotic tissue accumulation, is the most common debilitating late effect of therapeutic radiation exposure particularly in juvenile cancer survivors. In healthy muscle, fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are required for muscle maintenance and regeneration, while in muscle pathology FAPs are precursors for exacerbated extracellular matrix deposition. However, the role of FAPs in radiation‐induced muscle pathology has not previously been explored.

Methods

Four‐week‐old Male CBA or C57Bl/6J mice received a single dose (16 Gy) of irradiation (IR) to a single hindlimb with the shielded contralateral limb (CLTR) serving as a non‐IR control. Mice were sacrificed 3, 7, 14 (acute IR response), and 56 days post‐IR (long‐term IR response). Changes in skeletal muscle morphology, myofibre composition, muscle niche cellular dynamics, DNA damage, proliferation, mitochondrial respiration, and metabolism and changes in progenitor cell fate where assessed.

Results

Juvenile radiation exposure resulted in smaller myofibre cross‐sectional area, particularly in type I and IIA myofibres (P < 0.05) and reduced the proportion of type I myofibres (P < 0.05). Skeletal muscle fibrosis (P < 0.05) was evident at 56 days post‐IR. The IR‐limb had fewer endothelial cells (P < 0.05) and fibro‐adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) (P < 0.05) at 56 days post‐IR. Fewer muscle satellite (stem) cells were detected at 3 and 56 days in the IR‐limb (P < 0.05). IR induced FAP senescence (P < 0.05), increased their fibrogenic differentiation (P < 0.01), and promoted their glycolytic metabolism. Further, IR altered the FAP secretome in a manner that impaired muscle satellite (stem) cell differentiation (P < 0.05) and fusion (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our study suggests that following juvenile radiation exposure, FAPs contribute to long‐term skeletal muscle atrophy and fibrosis. These findings provide rationale for investigating FAP‐targeted therapies to ameliorate the negative late effects of radiation exposure in skeletal muscle.
Bioinformatics‐based analysis of programmed cell death pathway and key prognostic genes in gastric cancer: Implications for the development of therapeutics
Authors: Huang Lv , Xiong Wei , Cheng Ling , Li Haoguang
Published: September 2023

Background

Gastric cancer (GC) represents a major global health burden as a result of its high incidence and poor prognosis. The present study examined the role of the programmed cell death (PCD) pathway and identified key genes influencing the prognosis of patients with GC.

Methods

Bioinformatics analysis, machine learning techniques and survival analysis were systematically integrated to identify core prognostic genes from the The Cancer Genome Atlas Stomach Adenocarcinoma (TCGA‐STAD) dataset. A prognostic model was then developed to stratify patients into high‐risk and low‐risk groups, and further validated in the GSE84437 dataset. The model also demonstrated clinical relevance with tumor staging and histopathology. Immune infiltration analysis and the potential benefits of immunotherapy for each risk group were assessed. Finally, subgroup analysis was performed based on the expression of three key prognostic genes.

Results

Three core prognostic genes (CAV1, MMP9 and MAGEA3) were identified. The prognostic model could effectively differentiate patients into high‐risk and low‐risk groups, leading to significantly distinct survival outcomes. Increased immune cell infiltration was observed in the high‐risk group, and better potential for immunotherapy outcomes was observed in the low‐risk group. Pathways related to cancer progression, such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition and tumor necrosis factor‐α signaling via nuclear factor‐kappa B, were enriched in the high‐risk group. By contrast, the low‐risk group showed a number of pathways associated with maintenance of cell functionality and immune responses. The two groups differed in gene mutation patterns and drug sensitivities. Subgroup analysis based on the expression of the three key genes revealed two distinct clusters with distinct survival outcomes, tumor immune microenvironment characteristics and pathway enrichment.

Conclusions

The present study offers novel insights into the significance of PCD pathways and identifies key genes associated with the prognosis of patients with GC. This robust prognostic model, along with the delineation of distinct risk groups and molecular subtypes, provides valuable tools for risk stratification, treatment selection and personalized therapeutic interventions for GC.
An efficient organopromotor L‐arginine facilitated synthesis of thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine derivatives in EtOH:H2O solvent
Authors: Sharma Amit Kumar , Jaiswal Anjali , Mishra Anu , Jaiswal Shweta , Tripathi Bartendu Pati , Singh Jaya , Singh Jagdamba
Published: September 2023

An efficient, one pot, multicomponent, L‐arginine catalyzed synthesis of thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidines is described. L‐arginine is an easily available, biodegradable, inexpensive, promising bio‐organic molecule. The current strategy is the first example of amino acid promoted, green synthesis of a series of thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidines via the formation of CN and CC bonds. The major advantages of the present methodology such as recyclability of catalyst, operational simplicity, easy scale‐up, wide substrate scope, easy work‐up, inexpensive, excellent yields, and high atom economy make it a distinct improvement over the prevailing strategies.
Estimating red deer population size using vantage point counts at baited sites
Authors: Dijkhuis Laurens R. , Jansen Patrick A. , den Ouden Jan , Van Os Victor A. , Leidekker Jakob R. K. , Krul Leontien , de Jong Joost F.
Published: September 2023

Accurate estimates of population size are central to the management and conservation of wild ungulates. Counting animals from vantage points of baited sites is a method that is traditionally used in Europe to obtain abundance estimates of wild ungulates, but its reliability in forested landscapes is contested. We assessed the accuracy of vantage point counts (VPCs) for estimating population size in red deer (Cervus elaphus) at De Hoge Veluwe National Park, a fenced, partially forested game reserve in the Netherlands. We compared estimates from duplicated VPCs for 1977–2010 with population sizes reconstructed from cohort analyses of age‐specific mortality records, including and excluding supplementation with vehicular direct counts (VDCs) and field knowledge on herd composition and herd size from game wardens. Estimates from VPCs supplemented with VDCs matched the reconstructed population size well for 2001–2010. In addition, estimates based on ≥1 VPC site/11 km2 provided representative estimates of the reconstructed population size in that period. Simultaneous VPCs at multiple baited sites can yield precise population estimates for red deer in forests.
Palate shape is associated with Unilateral Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Outcomes
Authors: Kedarisetty Suraj , Sharma Abhay , Commesso Emily A. , Woodson B. Tucker , Huyett Phillip , Kent David T. , D'Agostino Mark A. , Green Katherine K. , Kezirian Eric J.
Published: September 2023

Objective

The aim was to determine the potential association between palate shape and unilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) outcomes.

Methods

Preoperative drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) videos were reviewed and scored by 3 blinded reviewers to determine airway narrowing at the hard‐soft palate junction (HP), soft palate genu, and inferior velum, as described by Woodson (2014). Scoring was as follows: 1–open airway, 2–narrow, 3–severe narrowing. Overall palate shape (oblique, intermediate, or vertical) was determined based on prior criteria. Successful surgical treatment was defined by the HNS titration polysomnogram as a reduction of ≥50% in the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) to <15 events/h.

Results

Of 332 adults, the majority was male (77%) with an average BMI of 29.2 ± 3.6 kg/m2. Overall success rate was 73%. Success rate was lower in patients with vertical palate shape compared with the other shapes (56% vs. 75%, p = 0.029). HP score 3 compared with scores 2 and 1 was associated with lower success rates (60% vs. 76%, p = 0.028), but genu and velum scores were not associated with outcomes. Patients with both HP score 3 and complete oropharyngeal lateral wall‐related obstruction had notably worse outcomes (22% vs. 74%, p = 0.026). HP score 3 (OR 0.45, 95%CI 0.22–0.92) and vertical palate shape (OR 0.33, 95%CI 0.15–0.78) were independently associated with lower odds of surgical response after adjustment for DISE findings, age, gender, and BMI.

Conclusion

Vertical palate shape and narrowing at the hard‐soft palate junction are independently associated with lower HNS surgical success rates.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:981–986, 2024
An Autopsy Series of Seven Cases of VPS13A Disease (Chorea‐Acanthocytosis)
Authors: Ditzel Ricky M. , Walker Ruth H. , Nirenberg Melissa J. , Tetlow Amber M. , Farrell Kurt , Lind‐Watson Kourtni J. , Thorn Emma L. , Dangoor Diana K. , Gordon Ronald , De Sanctis Claudia , Barton Brandon , Karp Barbara I. , Kirby Alana , Lett Debra J. , Mente Karin , Simon David K. , Velayos‐Baeza Antonio , Miltenberger‐Miltenyi Gabriel , Humphrey Jack , Crary John F.
Published: September 2023

Background

Vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog A (VPS13A) disease, historically known as chorea‐acanthocytosis, is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by biallelic mutations in VPS13A, usually resulting in reduced or absent levels of its protein product, VPS13A. VPS13A localizes to contact sites between subcellular organelles, consistent with its recently identified role in lipid transfer between membranes. Mutations are associated with neuronal loss in the striatum, most prominently in the caudate nucleus, and associated marked astrogliosis. There are no other known disease‐specific cellular changes (eg, protein aggregation), but autopsy reports to date have been limited, often lacking genetic or biochemical diagnostic confirmation.

Objective

The goal of this study was to characterize neuropathological findings in the brains of seven patients with VPS13A disease (chorea‐acanthocytosis).

Methods

In this study, we collected brain tissues and clinical data from seven cases of VPS13A for neuropathological analysis. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of VPS13A mutations and/or immunoblot showing the loss or reduction of VPS13A protein. Tissues underwent routine, special, and immunohistochemical staining focused on neurodegeneration. Electron microscopy was performed in one case.

Results

Gross examination showed severe striatal atrophy. Microscopically, there was neuronal loss and astrogliosis in affected regions. Luxol fast blue staining showed variable lipid accumulation with diverse morphology, which was further characterized by electron microscopy. In some cases, rare degenerating p62‐ and ubiquitin‐positive cells were present in affected regions. Calcifications were present in four cases, being extensive in one.

Conclusions

We present the largest autopsy series of biochemically and genetically confirmed VPS13A disease and identify novel histopathological findings implicating abnormal lipid accumulation. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Dopamine Transporter Availability in Early Parkinson's Disease is Dependent on Sunlight Exposure
Authors: Booij Jan , Tellier Sem P. , Seibyl John , Vriend Chris
Published: September 2023

Background

Preliminary studies suggested seasonality of dopaminergic functioning, but it is unknown whether dopamine transporter (DAT) expression in humans is also dependent on the seasons. We, therefore, investigated seasonal and sunlight‐dependent effects on DAT availability in early Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and healthy controls.

Methods

DAT single‐photon emission computed tomography scans (n = 730) were gathered from the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI) database. We used global horizontal irradiance (GHI) as proxy for sun exposure/month and assessed associations between striatal DAT availability and season (autumn/winter versus spring/summer), GHI and latitude of the PPMI site.

Results

In PD patients, DAT availability in the left caudate nucleus was higher in spring/summer (B [standard error (SE)] = 0.05 [0.02], P = 0.03) and positively associated with higher sun exposure (B [SE] = 0.59 [0.22] × 10−3, P = 0.007). Latitude (in degrees north) of the PPMI site was negatively associated with DAT availability in both PD and healthy controls.

Conclusion

Striatal DAT availability may be influenced by daylight exposure. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Modeling diameter of jet grouting columns using Bayesian framework
Authors: Zhao Lin‐Shuang , Chen Yue , Wang Yanning
Published: September 2023

This study proposes a new model in explicit form to predict the diameter of the jet grouting column of three popular jet grouting systems (i.e., single, double, and triple). The proposed model can quantify the uncertainty associated with the prediction. Bayesian model selection was used to determine the optimal models and, the bootstrap sampling method was adopted to avoid bias in the collected database. The predictions agree well with the measured data, and the 95% credible intervals can cover almost all the measured data on the testing dataset, which indicates the robustness of the proposed model. A simple formula combined with a table was established to facilitate the engineers in applying the proposed model. The results reveal that soil type has a significant impact on diameter prediction. Uncertainty quantification can reveal possible fluctuations in column diameter and is vital to get a cost‐efficient design.
Resilience, optimism and posttraumatic growth in first‐time mothers
Authors: Zlotnick Cheryl , Manor‐Lavon Inbal
Published: September 2023

This study examines the association between posttraumatic growth (PTG) and two psychological attributes, resilience and optimism, in first‐time mothers, after controlling for demographic and motherhood‐related characteristics. PTG, the self‐examination triggered by life‐changing events, contains five factors: (1) relating to others, (2) new possibilities, (3) personal strength, (4) spiritual change, and (5) appreciation of life. Outcomes from studies conflict on whether PTG is associated with the two psychological attributes of resilience (the ability to resume one's life after adversity) and optimism (viewing life in a positive light). This study used a cross‐sectional design. A convenience sample of first‐time mothers whose infants were between 3 months and 1 year (N = 415) completed questionnaires containing several standardized and reliable instruments including those measuring the independent variables of resilience and optimism, and the dependent variable of PTG. A STROBE checklist guided the reporting of this study. Resilience was associated with overall PTG and four of its five factors. Optimism also was associated with overall PTG but only associated with two of its five factors. PTG profiles and squared semipartial correlations indicated that resilience had the stronger association, compared to optimism, with PTG and most of its factors. Our study's findings on the strong link between resilience and PTG suggest the need for research examining the impact of specific psychosocial nursing activities (e.g., providing emotional support; assisting others to identify their own strengths; encouraging the mobilization of one's internal resources; furnishing needed resources and referrals; and supplying health education and information), as these activities may not only promote resilience but also may contribute to PTG.
Conservation scholars' perspectives on the morality of trophy hunting for the sake of conservation
Authors: Ghasemi Benjamin , Kyle Gerard , Sell Jane , Varner Gary
Published: September 2023

Trophy hunting is one of the most contentious issues in recent biodiversity conservation discourse, eliciting opposition and support for the practice. Ethical concerns are often at the heart of the debate.

To investigate moral views about trophy hunting, we conducted an online survey of randomly selected scholars worldwide who had published on biodiversity conservation (n = 2315).

Scholars expressed divergent views on the moral acceptability of trophy hunting as a conservation practice. Moral convictions were significantly related to the perspectives of scholars.

The most important factor in predicting the moral views of the respondents was the consequences of trophy hunting for local human communities.

The results also indicated that utilitarian (versus deontological) decision‐making in conservation, ecological consequences of trophy hunting and animal welfare issues contribute to the divergent views.

The findings emphasize the need for interdisciplinary work on ethical issues concerning animal rights and welfare in conservation, as well as providing robust and comprehensive evidence on the consequences of trophy hunting for local communities.

We caution that polarization among conservation scholars may negatively affect conservation efforts. Based on the literature and our findings, we provide some recommendations to narrow the gap and consider different management options.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Shear performance degradation of basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer bars in seawater environments: Coupled effects of seawater sea‐sand geopolymer mortar coatings and sustained loading
Authors: Jiang Zhan , Zhao Chenyang , Xie Jianhe , Tan Yongqiang , Li Shixin , Lu Zhongyu
Published: September 2023

Geopolymers, as a promising substitute for ordinary cement, exhibit different coating effects with regard to the durability of basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars. In this study, a comparative investigation was carried out on the shear performance of prestressed BFRP bars coated with seawater sea‐sand geopolymer mortar (SSGM). The alkaline content of the SSGM was 4% or 6%. The prestress level was 20% of the ultimate tensile strength at room temperature. The immersion temperatures were room temperature (RT), 40, or 60°C. Interlaminar shear tests and transverse shear tests were conducted at each period (30, 60, 120, and 240 days). The results showed that BFRP bar coated with 6% alkaline content exhibited a slightly higher degradation of shear strength. Furthermore, the prestress developed microcracks in the bars and weakened the interface between the fiber and resin matrix, particular at the elevated temperature. This led to further degradation of the BFRP bars. Additionally, a comparison was made between the shear strength results of BFRP bars coated with SSGM and those coated with ordinary portland concrete or seawater sea‐sand concrete, revealing that the long‐term shear performance of BFRP bars was less negatively impacted by the SSGM coating.

Highlights

Coupled effects of SSGM coatings and sustained loading on the degradation of BFRP bars are investigated.

SSGM provides better protection for BFRP bars than cement‐base concrete.

Alkaline content of activator in SSGM has insignificant impact on the BFRP degradation.
Proteomics elucidating physiological and pathological functions of TDP‐43
Authors: García Morato Jorge , Gloeckner Christian Johannes , Kahle Philipp J.
Published: September 2023

Trans‐activation response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP‐43) regulates a great variety of cellular processes in the nucleus and cytosol. In addition, a defined subset of neurodegenerative diseases is characterized by nuclear depletion of TDP‐43 as well as cytosolic mislocalization and aggregation. To perform its diverse functions TDP‐43 can associate with different ribonucleoprotein complexes. Combined with transcriptomics, MS interactome studies have unveiled associations between TDP‐43 and the spliceosome machinery, polysomes and RNA granules. Moreover, the highly dynamic, low‐valency interactions regulated by its low‐complexity domain calls for innovative proximity labeling methodologies. In addition to protein partners, the analysis of post‐translational modifications showed that they may play a role in the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, RNA binding, liquid‐liquid phase separation and protein aggregation of TDP‐43. Here we review the various TDP‐43 ribonucleoprotein complexes characterized so far, how they contribute to the diverse functions of TDP‐43, and roles of post‐translational modifications. Further understanding of the fluid dynamic properties of TDP‐43 in ribonucleoprotein complexes, RNA granules, and self‐assemblies will advance the understanding of RNA processing in cells and perhaps help to develop novel therapeutic approaches for TDPopathies.
Oxygen‐enhanced superoxido copper‐catalyzed ATRP accelerated by light
Authors: Casa Sina Della , Parkatzidis Kostas , Truong Nghia P. , Anastasaki Athina
Published: September 2023

Oxygen‐enhanced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) via the formation of a superoxido copper complex, has recently emerged as a powerful tool for the synthesis of well‐defined polymers. However, relatively long reaction times (>8 h) were required to reach high monomer conversions. Herein, we explore the influence of light in this new polymerization procedure. Under UV irradiation, a significant enhancement over the polymerization rate was observed resulting in near‐quantitative monomer consumption (>90%) within 2 h and narrow molar mass distributions (Đ = 1.07). The rate acceleration was attributed to the fast reduction of the superoxido copper complex to Cu(I)Br under UV irradiation, as confirmed via detailed UV–Vis kinetic experiments. In addition, the induction period was completely eliminated, which is in stark contrast to conventional photo‐ATRP (utilizing Cu(II)Br), thus further highlighting the superiority of the presented system. The synergy of the superoxido complex and UV irradiation enabled the synthesis of low‐dispersity homopolymers with molecular weights ranging from 6000 to 300,000. The high end‐group fidelity of the system was further demonstrated via successful in‐situ chain‐extensions.