bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pit alignment and earthworks between Marygoldhill Plantation and Drakemire, Berwickshire
Authors: Strong Peter
Published: March 2023

A co-linear alignment of pits and ditch segments accompanied by a bank is cut by the ramparts of an enclosure annexed to an Iron Age fort. Three consecutive pits may have held posts, whereas the rest had been used for quarrying. They may be the relics of pre-Iron Age earthworks, including a larger system of land divisions. Finds comprise a stone ard and two plain stone balls. Au (adp AR)
An end to medieval reindeer in Scotland
Authors: Clutton-Brock Juliet , MacGregor Arthur
Published: March 2023

This review of the present evidence concludes that endemic, wild reindeer became extinct in Britain c 8000 years ago. Au
Why did the Romans fail to conquer Scotland?
Authors: Breeze David J
Published: March 2023

Examines five possible reasons ranging from the character of the Highlands and its people to problems elsewhere in the empire, and concludes that a balance of imperial politics and the local situation explains the failure to conquer Scotland. A R
A highland longhouse - Lianach, Balquhidder, Perthshire
Authors: Stewart J H , Stewart M B
Published: March 2023

Excavation of the 18th century longhouse produced details of internal structures and a wide range of artefacts. A R
The Rhind Lectures 1988-89: a synopsis
Authors: Alcock Leslie
Published: March 2023

Under the title 'An Heroic Age: war and society in northern Britain, AD 450-850', six lectures were given using documentary and archaeological evidence.
Meetings of the Society, 1987-88
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Details of Society meetings held in 1987 – 1988.
A hut-circle at Ormiston Farm, Newburgh, Fife
Authors: Sheriff John R , Halliday Stratford P
Published: March 2023

Undatable hut-circle associated with field-walls; decorated stone, clay loomweight. Earlier occupation layer and post-hole were associated with plain pottery of the late 2nd or early 1st millennium BC. A R
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 118

Table of Contents

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

Office Bearers and Representatives of the Society, 1987-8

Honorary Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 1987-8
Excavations at Warebeth (Stromness Cemetery) Broch, Orkney
Authors: Bell Bernard , Dickson Camilla , Sellar Timothy , Foster Sally
Published: March 2023

The broch well yielded organic remains including human coprolites and animal hairs, as well as animal bones, which provide direct evidence for the human diet. Two finds made in the 19th century are discussed by Sally Foster (127-8) as bronze and gold Hiberno-Saxon mounts. AR
Some excavation along the line of the Antonine Wall, 1981-85
Authors: Keppie Lawrence J F , Walker J J , Bailey G B , Devereux D F , Murray J Frances , Wood J S
Published: March 2023

New information on the width and alignment of sectors of the Wall, on repairs to the turf rampart and on the Military Way. AR
Reconnaissance excavations on Early Historic fortifications and other royal sites in Scotland, 1974-84: 3, Excavations at Dundurn, Strathearn, Perthshire, 1976-77
Authors: Alcock Leslie , Alcock Elizabeth A , Driscoll Stephen T
Published: March 2023

Historical evidence for a fort at Dundurn in the late 7th century AD is supported by excavation and radiocarbon analysis. Waterlogged deposits preserved environmental evidence and structural timberwork including timber-laced defences and a wattle floor. Finds include E-ware pottery and imported glass, a glass boss, a zoomorphic bronze dangle, a stick-pin mould and a complete leather shoe with stamped decoration. Nuclear forts are discussed as a widespread class of Early Historic stronghold. AR
New light on old coin hoards from the Aberdeen area
Authors: Evans D H , Thain Stewart
Published: March 2023

Contemporary newspaper accounts can be useful sources of information; ten medieval and six post-medieval hoards are discussed, together with the vessels in which some were buried. AR
New evidence for Mesolithic settlement on Colonsay
Authors: Mithen Steven J
Published: March 2023

Describes the identification, through field-walking and test excavation, of two Mesolithic sites on Colonsay.
Corse Law, Carnwath, Lanarkshire: a lithic scatter
Authors: Clarke Ann
Published: March 2023

The results of a large fieldwalking exercise are presented. The flaked lithics recovered suggest activity in this area from the Mesolithic period through to the Bronze Age. Spatial analysis also points to at least one possible discrete

episode of lithic production.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 119

Table of Contents

Office Bearers and Representatives of the Society, 1988-9

Patron and Honorary Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 1988-9

Editorial
Marriage, Children, and Sex-Based Differences in Physician Hours and Income
Authors: Skinner Lucy , Yates Max , Auerbach David I. , Buerhaus Peter I. , Staiger Douglas O.
Published: March 2023

Importance

A better understanding of the association between family structure and sex gaps in physician earnings and hours worked over the life cycle is needed to advance policies addressing persistent sex disparities.

Objective

To investigate differences in earnings and hours worked for male and female physicians at various ages and family status.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective, cross-sectional study used data on physicians aged 25 to 64 years responding to the American Community Survey between 2005 and 2019.

Exposures

Earned income and work hours.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Outcomes included annual earned income, usual hours worked per week, and earnings per hour worked. Gaps in earnings and hours by sex were calculated by family status and physician age and, in some analyses, adjusted for demographic characteristics and year of survey. Data analyses were conducted between 2019 and 2022.

Results

The sample included 95 435 physicians (35.8% female, 64.2% male, 19.8% Asian, 4.8% Black, 5.9% Hispanic, 67.3% White, and 2.2% other race or ethnicity) with a mean (SD) age of 44.4 (10.4) years. Relative to male physicians, female physicians were more likely to be single (18.8% vs 11.2%) and less likely to have children (53.3% vs 58.2%). Male-female earnings gaps grew with age and, when accumulated from age 25 to 64 years, were approximately $1.6 million for single physicians, $2.5 million for married physicians without children, and $3.1 million for physicians with children. Gaps in earnings per hour did not vary by family structure, with male physicians earning between 21.4% and 23.9% more per hour than female physicians. The male-female gap in hours worked was 0.6% for single physicians, 7.0% for married physicians without children, and 17.5% for physicians with children.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of US physicians, marriage and children were associated with a greater earnings penalty for female physicians, primarily due to fewer hours worked relative to men. Addressing the barriers that lead to women working fewer hours could contribute to a reduction in the male-female earnings gap while helping to expand the effective physician workforce.
Changes in Hydroxyurea Use Among Youths Enrolled in Medicaid With Sickle Cell Anemia After 2014 Revision of Clinical Guidelines
Authors: Reeves Sarah L. , Peng Hannah K. , Wing Jeffrey J. , Cogan Lindsay W. , Goel Alka , Anders David , Green Nancy S. , Lisabeth Lynda D. , Dombkowski Kevin J.
Published: March 2023

Importance

Youths with sickle cell anemia (SCA) are at risk of pain crises, stroke, and early death. Complications can be reduced by the oral disease-modifying medication hydroxyurea, and in 2014, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute published revised guidelines that hydroxyurea should be offered to youths aged 9 months and older with SCA regardless of disease severity.

Objective

To describe changes in hydroxyurea use among youths with SCA before and after release of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guidelines.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study was conducted using administrative data from 2010 to 2018 from Michigan and New York State (NYS) Medicaid programs. The study population included youths aged 1 to 17 years with SCA enrolled in the Michigan or NYS Medicaid programs for at least 1 year (Michigan: 2010-2018; NYS: 2012-2018). Youths with SCA were identified using validated claims–based definitions. Data were analyzed from June to October 2020.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was hydroxyurea use characterized as mean annual counts of days’ supply of filled hydroxyurea prescriptions. Rates of hydroxyurea use over time were assessed using regression models (Michigan: zero-inflated negative binomial; NYS: negative binomial). Models included indicators for periods before and after guideline release.

Results

A total of 4302 youths with SCA (2236 males [52.0%]; 2676 born 2005-2017 [62.2%]; 150 Hispanic [3.5%], 2929 non-Hispanic Black [68.0%], and 389 non-Hispanic White [9.0%]) contributed 12 565 person-years. The mean (SD) annual days’ supply of hydroxyurea was 47.2 (93.6) days per youth in Michigan and 97.4 (137.0) days per youth in NYS. In Michigan, there was an increase in the odds of having nonzero days’ supply after the guidelines were released (odds ratio, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.07-2.14). In NYS, no change was seen in the mean days’ supply of filled hydroxyurea.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that hydroxyurea was substantially underused among youths with SCA, despite establishment as the primary disease-modifying therapy for SCA, and that there was incomplete clinician or patient uptake of newly released guidelines. Results suggest that expanding use of hydroxyurea may require a multifaceted approach that includes addressing multiple system- and patient-level barriers.
Association Between Ghrelin and Body Weight Trajectory in Individuals With Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Kim Youngjung R. , Lauze Meghan S. , Slattery Meghan , Perlis Roy H. , Holsen Laura M. , Breithaupt Lauren , Stern Casey M. , Fava Maurizio , Thomas Jennifer J. , Lawson Elizabeth A. , Misra Madhusmita , Eddy Kamryn T.
Published: March 2023

Importance

Individuals with anorexia nervosa maintain extremely low body weights despite elevations in the circulating orexigenic hormone ghrelin. Whether circulating levels of endogenous ghrelin are associated with weight gain in anorexia nervosa is unknown.

Objective

To examine the association between baseline ghrelin and future weight change in individuals with anorexia nervosa.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective cohort study was conducted between April 1, 2014, and March 31, 2020, in the US. Girls and women aged 10 to 22 years were recruited from the greater Boston area from community and area treatment centers, enrolled, and followed up for 18 months. Statistical analyses were performed between January and August 2022.

Exposures

Presence or absence of anorexia nervosa and elevations in endogenous ghrelin.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Changes in age- and sex-standardized body mass index percentiles from baseline to 9- and 18-month follow-up were the main outcomes of interest.

Results

A total of 68 girls and young women (11 [16%] Asian, 4 [6%] Hispanic or Latina, 51 [75%] White [non–Hispanic or Latina], and 2 [3%] other race or ethnicity), including 35 with anorexia nervosa and 33 healthy controls of similar Tanner stage, were included in this study. Anorexia nervosa and healthy control groups were not statistically different by race and ethnicity, Tanner stage, number completing follow-up visits, and the duration between baseline and follow-up visits. At baseline, individuals with anorexia nervosa were slightly older (median [IQR], 20.1 [18.5-21.0] vs 18.7 [14.7-19.4] years; P = .005), had lower body mass index percentiles (median [IQR], 2.4 [0.3-4.7] vs 52.9 [40.4-68.3]; P < .001), and had elevated circulating ghrelin area under the curve composite index (median [IQR], 1389.4 [1082.5-1646.4] vs 958.5 [743.0-1234.5] pg/mL; P = .003) compared with healthy individuals. In linear mixed-effects regression analyses, baseline ghrelin was associated with prospective weight gain after adjusting for diagnosis, age, race, and duration of follow-up (odds ratio, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.43-3.73; P = .004).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, endogenous ghrelin was associated with longitudinal weight gain in individuals with anorexia nervosa. Further studies are warranted to confirm this result and examine its potential clinical utility in treatment development.
Association of Dietary Fiber Intake With Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Among Korean Adults
Authors: Jun Shinyoung , Lee Jeonghee , Kim Jeongseon
Published: March 2023

This cohort study assesses the association between dietary fiber intake and incident gastrointestinal tract cancer among Korean adults.
Crystal structure of the Fusarium oxysporum tannase‐like feruloyl esterase FaeC in complex with p‐coumaric acid provides insight into ligand binding
Authors: Ferousi Christina , Kosinas Christos , Nikolaivits Efstratios , Topakas Evangelos , Dimarogona Maria
Published: March 2023

Feruloyl esterases (FAEs) hydrolyze the ester bonds between hydroxycinnamic acids and arabinose residues of plant cell walls and exhibit considerable diversity in terms of substrate specificity. Here, we report the crystal structure of an FAE from Fusarium oxysporum (FoFaeC) at 1.7 Å resolution in complex with p‐coumaric acid, which is the first ligand‐bound structure of a tannase‐like FAE. Our data reveal local conformational changes around the active site upon ligand binding, suggesting alternation between an active and a resting state of the enzyme. A swinging tyrosine residue appears to be gating the substrate binding pocket, while the lid domain of the protein exerts substrate specificity by means of a well‐defined hydrophobic core that encases the phenyl moiety of the substrate.
Oxygen‐Free Production—From Vision to Application
Authors: Wegewitz Lienhard , Maus-Friedrichs Wolfgang , Gustus René , Maier Hans Jürgen , Herbst Sebastian
Published: March 2023

As oxygen negatively affects most production processes in the metalworking industry, a truly oxygen‐free production environment appears attractive in terms of the resulting material and component properties. This overview summarizes research conducted within the Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 1368. The objectives of this CRC are twofold. First, a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that govern the interaction between a metal surface and the environment is established. Second, it is researched how this understanding can be exploited to improve current production processes and even develop completely new ones. Herein, data obtained within the first funding period, which already demonstrate that significant effects can be realized in processes such as thermal spraying, cold rolling, compound casting, laser brazing, milling or hot stamping to name just a few examples, are presented. In addition, key aspects such as initial deoxidation of the workpieces, their transport under conditions that prevent reoxidation, and the tools needed to establish and control an oxygen‐free process environment are given, and the ramifications with respect to actual applications are discussed.
High‐Energy‐Density Waterborne Dielectrics from Polyelectrolyte‐Colloid Complexes
Authors: Che Junjin , Zakri Cécile , Ly Isabelle , Neri Wilfrid , Laurichesse Eric , Chapel Jean‐Paul , Poulin Philippe , Yuan Jinkai
Published: March 2023

To meet the demands of miniaturization and integration of next‐generation power systems, a major challenge is to improve the energy density of used dielectric capacitors. Polymer nanocomposites are of great potential for high‐energy‐density capacitors. However, most of them are prepared via melt blending at high temperatures or solution processing in hazardous organic solvents, which are energy consuming and environmentally problematic. It has long remained economically and ecologically challenging to develop new dielectric materials. Here, a class of high‐energy‐density dielectrics made by electrostatically complexing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) latex with oppositely charged chitosan in an aqueous phase is reported. At the charge neutralization point, the film of PVDF@Chitosan complexes demonstrates the highest breakdown strength (630 MV m−1) and recoverable energy density (10.1 J cm−3), which are respectively 279% and 421% higher than the bare PVDF latex film, and far beyond most of the conventional solvent‐ or melt‐processed polymer films. The largely improved capacitive performances are ascribed to the significant minimization of losses at the critical charge neutralization point. The concept can be extended to a wide range of colloids, including polystyrene latex and aqueous bentonite suspension, highlighting the versatility of the proposed approach to develop environmentally friendly high‐performance capacitors.
Macro‐/mesoporous Metal–Organic Frameworks Templated by Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Enable Enhanced Uptake of Large Molecules
Authors: Liu Min , Hudson Zachary M.
Published: March 2023

The first synthesis of hierarchical porous metal–organic frameworks (HP‐MOFs) is reported through a solvent evaporation‐induced co‐assembly of polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PS‐b‐PEO) and MOF building blocks. The growth of MOFs is restricted to confined spaces formed by self‐assembled PS‐b‐PEO, and mesopores and/or macropores are created after removing PS‐b‐PEO by solvent rinsing. This approach avoids phase separation and competitive interactions between templates and MOF building blocks. Both amorphous and crystalline HP‐MOFs can be synthesized by finely controlling MOF growth conditions. Additionally, HP‐MOFs (ZIF‐L sheets) with honeycomb‐like channels show significantly enhanced incorporation of large guest molecules compared to microporous MOFs. This study establishes an efficient synthetic strategy for preparing HP‐MOFs with highly accessible mesopores and macropores for applications involving large molecules.
Plasmon Mediated Near‐Field Energy Transfer From Solid‐State, Electrically Injected Excitons to Solution Phase Chromophores
Authors: Wisch Jesse A. , Liu Xiao , Sarver Patrick J. , Kullmer Cesar N. Prieto , Millet Agustin , MacMillan David W. C. , Rand Barry P.
Published: March 2023

An organic diode is demonstrated that near‐field energy transfers to molecules in solution via surface plasmon polaritons, in contrast to typical far‐field excitation via absorption of traveling photons. Electrically generated excitons couple to surface plasmon modes in the cathode; the plasmons subsequently excite chromophore molecules on top of the cathode. External quantum efficiency and time resolved photoluminescence measurements are used to characterize the diode and the near‐field energy transfer process. In addition, it is shown that excited chromophores can charge‐transfer to quencher molecules, illustrating the potential of this device to be used for photochemical applications.
Giant Nonlinear Optical Response via Coherent Stacking of In‐Plane Ferroelectric Layers
Authors: Mao Nannan , Luo Yue , Chiu Ming‐Hui , Shi Chuqiao , Ji Xiang , Pieshkov Tymofii S. , Lin Yuxuan , Tang Hao‐Lin , Akey Austin J. , Gardener Jules A. , Park Ji‐Hoon , Tung Vincent , Ling Xi , Qian Xiaofeng , Wilson William L. , Han Yimo , Tisdale William A. , Kong Jing
Published: March 2023

Thin ferroelectric materials hold great promise for compact nonvolatile memory and nonlinear optical and optoelectronic devices. Herein, an ultrathin in‐plane ferroelectric material that exhibits a giant nonlinear optical effect, group‐IV monochalcogenide SnSe, is reported. Nanometer‐scale ferroelectric domains with ≈90°/270° twin boundaries or ≈180° domain walls are revealed in physical‐vapor‐deposited SnSe by lateral piezoresponse force microscopy. Atomic structure characterization reveals both parallel and antiparallel stacking of neighboring van der Waals ferroelectric layers, leading to ferroelectric or antiferroelectric ordering. Ferroelectric domains exhibit giant nonlinear optical activity due to coherent enhancement of second‐harmonic fields and the as‐resulted second‐harmonic generation was observed to be 100 times more intense than monolayer WS2. This work demonstrates in‐plane ferroelectric ordering and giant nonlinear optical activity in SnSe, which paves the way for applications in on‐chip nonlinear optical components and nonvolatile memory devices.
Recent Progress for Concurrent Realization of Shuttle‐Inhibition and Dendrite‐Free Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yao Weiqi , Xu Jie , Ma Lianbo , Lu Xiaomeng , Luo Dan , Qian Ji , Zhan Liang , Manke Ingo , Yang Chao , Adelhelm Philipp , Chen Renjie
Published: March 2023

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have become one of the most promising new‐generation energy storage systems owing to their ultrahigh energy density (2600 Wh kg−1), cost‐effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, their practical applications are seriously impeded by the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), and the uncontrolled dendrite growth of metallic Li, which result in rapid capacity fading and battery safety problems. A systematic and comprehensive review of the cooperative combination effect and tackling the fundamental problems in terms of cathode and anode synchronously is still lacking. Herein, for the first time, the strategies for inhibiting shuttle behavior and dendrite‐free Li–S batteries simultaneously are summarized and classified into three parts, including “two‐in‐one” S‐cathode and Li‐anode host materials toward Li–S full cell, “two birds with one stone” modified functional separators, and tailoring electrolyte for stabilizing sulfur and lithium electrodes. This review also emphasizes the fundamental Li–S chemistry mechanism and catalyst principles for improving electrochemical performance; advanced characterization technologies to monitor real‐time LiPS evolution are also discussed in detail. The problems, perspectives, and challenges with respect to inhibiting the shuttle effect and dendrite growth issues as well as the practical application of Li–S batteries are also proposed.
Understanding Causalities in Organic Photovoltaics Device Degradation in a Machine‐Learning‐Driven High‐Throughput Platform
Authors: Liu Chao , Lüer Larry , Corre Vincent M. Le , Forberich Karen , Weitz Paul , Heumüller Thomas , Du Xiaoyan , Wortmann Jonas , Zhang Jiyun , Wagner Jerrit , Ying Lei , Hauch Jens , Li Ning , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: March 2023

Organic solar cells (OSCs) now approach power conversion efficiencies of 20%. However, in order to enter mass markets, problems in upscaling and operational lifetime have to be solved, both concerning the connection between processing conditions and active layer morphology. Morphological studies supporting the development of structure–process–property relations are time‐consuming, complex, and expensive to undergo and for which statistics, needed to assess significance, are difficult to be collected. This work demonstrates that causal relationships between processing conditions, morphology, and stability can be obtained in a high‐throughput method by combining low‐cost automated experiments with data‐driven analysis methods. An automatic spectral modeling feeds parametrized absorption data into a feature selection technique that is combined with Gaussian process regression to quantify deterministic relationships linking morphological features and processing conditions with device functionality. The effect of the active layer thickness and the morphological order is further modeled by drift–diffusion simulations and returns valuable insight into the underlying mechanisms for improving device stability by tuning the microstructure morphology with versatile approaches. Predicting microstructural features as a function of processing parameters is decisive know‐how for the large‐scale production of OSCs.
Next‐Generation Photodetectors beyond Van Der Waals Junctions
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhang Tao , Xie Runzhang , Liu Anna , Dai Fuxing , Chen Yue , Xu Tengfei , Wang Hailu , Wang Zhen , Liao Lei , Wang Jianlu , Zhou Peng , Hu Weida
Published: March 2023

With the continuous advancement of nanofabrication techniques, development of novel materials, and discovery of useful manipulation mechanisms in high‐performance applications, especially photodetectors, the morphology of junction devices and the way junction devices are used are fundamentally revolutionized. Simultaneously, new types of photodetectors that do not rely on any junction, providing a high signal‐to‐noise ratio and multidimensional modulation, have also emerged. This review outlines a unique category of material systems supporting novel junction devices for high‐performance detection, namely, the van der Waals materials, and systematically discusses new trends in the development of various types of devices beyond junctions. This field is far from mature and there are numerous methods to measure and evaluate photodetectors. Therefore, it is also aimed to provide a solution from the perspective of applications in this review. Finally, based on the insight into the unique properties of the material systems and the underlying microscopic mechanisms, emerging trends in junction devices are discussed, a new morphology of photodetectors is proposed, and some potential innovative directions in the subject area are suggested.
Clinical Validation of a Wearable Piezoelectric Blood‐Pressure Sensor for Continuous Health Monitoring
Authors: Min Seongwook , Kim Dong Hyun , Joe Daniel J. , Kim Byung Woo , Jung Young Hoon , Lee Jae Hee , Lee Bo‐Yeon , Doh Il , An Jaehun , Youn Young‐Nam , Joung Boyoung , Yoo Chang D. , Ahn Hyo‐Suk , Lee Keon Jae
Published: March 2023

Wearable blood‐pressure sensors have recently attracted attention as healthcare devices for continuous non‐invasive arterial pressure (CNAP) monitoring. However, the accuracy of wearable blood‐pressure (BP) monitoring devices has been controversial due to the low signal quality of sensors, the absence of an accurate transfer function to convert the sensor signals into BP values, and the lack of clinical validation regarding measurement precision. Here, a wearable piezoelectric blood‐pressure sensor (WPBPS) is reported, which achieves a high normalized sensitivity (0.062 kPa−1), and fast response time (23 ms) for CNAP monitoring. The transfer function of a linear regression model is designed, offering a simple solution to convert the flexible piezoelectric sensor signals into BP values. In order to verify the measurement accuracy of WPBPS, clinical trials are performed on 35 subjects aged from 20 to 80 s after screening. The mean difference between the WPBPS and a commercial sphygmomanometer of 175 BP data pairs is −0.89 ± 6.19 and −0.32 ± 5.28 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), respectively. By building a WPBPS‐embedded wristwatch, the potentially promising use of a convenient, portable, continuous BP monitoring system for cardiovascular disease diagnosis is demonstrated.
Far‐ and Near‐Field Heat Transfer in Transdimensional Plasmonic Film Systems
Authors: Biehs Svend‐Age , Bondarev Igor V.
Published: March 2023

A confinement‐induced nonlocal electromagnetic response model is applied to study radiative heat transfer processes in transdimensional plasmonic film systems. The results are compared to the standard local Drude model routinely used in plasmonics. The former predicts greater Woltersdorff length in the far‐field and larger film thicknesses at which heat transfer is dominated by surface plasmons in the near‐field, than the latter. The analysis performed suggests that the theoretical treatment and experimental data interpretation for thin and ultrathin metallic film systems must incorporate the confinement‐induced nonlocal effect in order to provide reliable results in radiative heat transfer studies. The fact that the enhanced far‐ and near‐field radiative heat transfer occurs for much thicker films than the standard Drude model predicts is crucial for thermal management applications with thin and ultrathin metallic films and coatings.
Symptom characteristics of health care workers seeking outpatient psychiatric care during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Doukas Ashley , DePierro Jonathan , Starkweather Sydney , Sharma Vanshdeep , Marin Deborah B. , Charney Dennis S.
Published: March 2023

Background

Though there is a growing body of research establishing a broad negative psychological impact of COVID‐19 among healthcare workers (HCWs), there are comparably fewer studies evaluating symptom presentation and clinical diagnoses among treatment‐seeking HCWs. The present report seeks to fill this gap in the literature by establishing the prevalence of anxiety, depression, post‐traumatic stress, alcohol misuse, and well‐being among treatment‐seeking HCWs.

Method

Data were collected from 421 treatment‐seeking HCWs in an outpatient hospital‐based mental health setting. Both self‐report measures and semi‐structured interviews were utilized to assess symptom severity and render psychiatric diagnosis at intake.

Results

Adjustment disorders were the most prevalent diagnosis at 44.2%. Of the 347 who completed self‐report measures, over 47% endorsed moderate‐to‐severe depressive symptoms, with 13% endorsing suicidal ideation (SI). Fifty‐eight percent scored in the moderate‐to‐severe range for anxiety, and 19% screened positive for COVID‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder. Further analyses revealed that those in medical support roles endorsed significantly greater depression symptoms relative to other groups and also reported SI at greater frequency. Medical trainees also endorsed SI at higher frequencies.

Conclusions

These findings are consistent with previous research on the adverse impact of COVID‐19 stressors on HCWs' mental health. We further identified vulnerable groups that are underrepresented in the literature. These findings highlight the need for targeted outreach and intervention among overlooked HCWs populations.
Electron–Phonon Superconductivity in Boron‐Based Chalcogenide (X= S, Se) Monolayers
Authors: Serifi Ilias , Kanga N. Bré‐Junior , Drissi Lalla Btissam , Kara Abdelkader , Saidi El Hassan
Published: March 2023

Electron–phonon mediated superconductivity is deeply investigated in two boron based monolayer materials, namely, , a metal exhibiting the ability to superconduct, and a new metal, , presenting perfect kinetic stability. Calculations based on density functional perturbation theory combined with the maximally localized Wannier function also reveal that both materials exhibit anisotropic planar hexagonal structure like graphene. The key parameters involved in the superconductor behavior are all calculated. The electronic density in the Fermi surface is given to provide the environment for enhanced electron–phonon coupling. The longitudinal and transverse vibration modes of optical phonons mainly contribute to the electron–phonon coupling strength. Furthermore, the binding energy between the bosonic Cooper pair superfluid is quantified and determined. The critical temperature for the two materials is 20 and 10.5 K, respectively. The results obtained show the potential use of such materials for superconducting applications.
Reduktion von Platin(IV)‐Prodrug Hämoglobin Nanopartikeln mit tief eindringender Ultraschallbestrahlung für eine gezielte und therapeutisch verstärkte Krebstherapie
Authors: Liang Ganghao , Sadhukhan Tumpa , Banerjee Samya , Tang Dongsheng , Zhang Hanchen , Cui Minhui , Montesdeoca Nicolás , Karges Johannes , Xiao Haihua
Published: March 2023

Die Entwicklung von PtIV‐Prodrugs, die in der Mikroumgebung des Tumors zu therapeutisch aktiven PtII‐Spezies reduziert werden, hat großes Forschungsinteresse geweckt. Um eine räumliche und zeitliche Kontrolle über die Behandlung zu ermöglichen, besteht ein großer Bedarf an der Entwicklung von Verbindungen, die bei Bestrahlung selektiv aktiviert werden können. Trotz jüngster Forschungsfortschritte werden die meisten PtIV‐Komplexe mit ultraviolettem oder blauem Licht angeregt, was die Verwendung solcher Verbindungen für oberflächliche Anwendungen einschränkt. Um diese Einschränkung zu überwinden, wird hier über das erste Beispiel von PtIV‐Prodrug Nanopartikeln berichtet, die mit tief eindringender Ultraschallstrahlung reduziert werden können, was die Behandlung von tiefsitzenden oder großen Tumoren ermöglicht. Es wurde festgestellt, dass sich die Nanopartikel nach intravenöser Injektion selektiv in einem Kolonkarzinom‐Tumor der Maus anreichern und den Tumor bei Bestrahlung mit Ultraschall zerstören können.
Bifunctional NHC‐Catalyzed Remote Enantioselective Mannich‐type Reaction of 5‐(Chloromethyl)furfural via Trienolate Intermediates
Authors: Gao Yuan‐Yuan , Zhang Chun‐Lin , Jin Ming‐Lei , Gao Zhong‐Hua , Ye Song
Published: March 2023

N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐catalyzed enantioselective Mannich‐type reactions of the biomass‐derived platform compound 5‐(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) with imines were developed. A series of high‐value‐added chiral amines were afforded in good to high yields with excellent regio‐ and enantioselectivities. The bifunctional NHC derived from ʟ‐pyroglutamic acid efficiently steered the remote addition of the trienolate intermediate to the imine in a highly stereocontrolled manner. This represents the first enantioselective reaction proceeding via an NHC‐bound trienolate intermediate.
Highly Efficient Self‐Assembly of Metallacages and Their Supramolecular Catalysis Behaviors in Microdroplets
Authors: Lin Hong‐Yu , Zhou Le‐Yong , Mei Fang , Dou Wei‐Tao , Hu Lianrui , Yang Hai‐Bo , Xu Lin
Published: March 2023

Developing a new strategy to improve the self‐assembly efficiency of functional assemblies in a confined space and construct hybrid functional materials is a significant and fascinating endeavor. Herein, we present a highly efficient strategy for achieving the supramolecular self‐assembly of well‐defined metallacages in microdroplets through continuous‐flow microfluidic devices. The high efficiency and versatility of this approach are demonstrated by the generation of five representative metallacages in different solvents containing water, DMF, acetonitrile, and methanol in a few minutes with nearly quantitative yields, in contrast to the yields obtained with the hour‐scale reaction time in a batch reactor. A ring‐opening catalytic reaction of the metallacages was selected as a model reaction for exploring supramolecular catalysis in microdroplets, whereby the catalytic yield was enhanced by 2.22‐fold compared to that of the same reaction in the batch reactor. This work illustrates a new promising approach for the self‐assembly of supramolecular systems.
Sulfonium Salts as Acceptors in Electron Donor‐Acceptor Complexes
Authors: van Dalsen Leendert , Brown Rachel E. , Rossi‐Ashton James A. , Procter David J.
Published: March 2023

The photoactivation of electron donor‐acceptor complexes has emerged as a sustainable, selective and versatile strategy for the generation of radical species. Electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complexation, however, imposes electronic constraints on the donor and acceptor components and this can limit the range of radicals that can be generated using the approach. New EDA complexation strategies exploiting sulfonium salts allow radicals to be generated from native functionality. For example, aryl sulfonium salts, formed by the activation of arenes, can serve as the acceptor components in EDA complexes due to their electron‐deficient nature. This “sulfonium tag” approach relaxes the electronic constraints on the parent substrate and dramatically expands the range of radicals that can be generated using EDA complexation. In this review, these new applications of sulfonium salts will be introduced and the areas of chemical space rendered accessible through this innovation will be highlighted.
Synthesis of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP)‐Based Straight‐Shaped Diphosphine Ligands**
Authors: Takano Hideaki , Katsuyama Hitomi , Hayashi Hiroki , Harukawa Miyu , Tsurui Makoto , Shoji Sunao , Hasegawa Yasuchika , Maeda Satoshi , Mita Tsuyoshi
Published: March 2023

[1.1.1]Propellane, which is structurally simple and compact, exhibits promising potential for the synthesis of disubstituted straight‐shaped bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) compounds by manipulation of its highly reactive internal C−C bond. BCPs are considered to be isosteres of 1,4‐disubstituted benzenes, which have found broad applications in the areas of functional molecules and drug discovery. The internal C−C single bond of [1.1.1]propellane is regarded as a charge‐shift bond, which can be readily cleaved by radical means to construct BCPs. We herein report a novel synthetic method for (un)symmetric diphosphines based on the BCP motif, which can be interpreted as isosteres of 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)benzenes. The obtained BCP‐diphosphine derivatives were used to generate a straight‐shaped Au complex and an Eu‐based coordination polymer.
Dual‐Atom Support Boosts Nickel‐Catalyzed Urea Electrooxidation
Authors: Zheng Xiaobo , Yang Jiarui , Li Peng , Jiang Zhuoli , Zhu Peng , Wang Qishun , Wu Jiabin , Zhang Erhuan , Sun Wenping , Dou Shixue , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: March 2023

Nickel‐based catalysts have been regarded as one of the most promising electrocatalysts for urea oxidation reaction (UOR), however, their activity is largely limited by the inevitable self‐oxidation reaction of Ni species (NSOR) during the UOR. Here, we proposed an interface chemistry modulation strategy to trigger the occurrence of UOR before the NSOR via constructing a 2D/2D heterostructure that consists of ultrathin NiO anchored Ru−Co dual‐atom support (Ru‐Co DAS/NiO). Operando spectroscopic characterizations confirm this unique triggering mechanism on the surface of Ru‐Co DAS/NiO. Consequently, the fabricated catalyst exhibits outstanding UOR activity with a low potential of 1.288 V at 10 mA cm−2 and remarkable long‐term durability for more than 330 h operation. DFT calculations and spectroscopic characterizations demonstrate that the favorable electronic structure induced by this unique heterointerface endows the catalyst energetically more favorable for the UOR than the NSOR.
Iron‐Catalyzed Biomimetic Dimerization of Tryptophan‐Containing Peptides
Authors: Ueda Hirofumi , Sato Soichiro , Noda Kenta , Hakamata Hiroyuki , Kwon Eunsang , Kobayashi Nagao , Tokuyama Hidetoshi
Published: March 2023

Biomimetic oxidative dimerization of tryptophan derivatives in aqueous media with oxygen as a bulk oxidant catalyzed by an iron octacarboxy phthalocyanine complex was established. The discovery of the extremely active iron catalyst enables aerobic enzyme‐mimetic oxidation to be performed in a flask. This method was applicable to the oxidative dimerization of a wide range of tryptophan derivatives, including various dipeptides and oligopeptides, with remarkable functional‐group tolerance without the protection of the amino acid residues. Furthermore, oxidative dimerization of tryptophan derivatives bearing dioxopiperazine units enabled the convergent total synthesis of five natural pyrroloindole compounds and unnatural congeners. The established chemical method provides facile access to a broad range of dimerized peptides with a unique scaffold to link two turn structures, which will serve as a powerful tool to create new small‐ and medium‐sized‐molecules as drug candidates.
Optical Analogs of Rabi Splitting in Integrated Waveguide‐Coupled Resonators
Authors: Arianfard Hamed , Wu Jiayang , Juodkazis Saulius , Moss David J.
Published: March 2023

Realizing optical analogs of quantum phenomena in atomic, molecular, or condensed matter physics has underpinned a range of photonic technologies. Rabi splitting is a quantum phenomenon induced by a strong interaction between two quantum states, and its optical analogs are of fundamental importance for the manipulation of light–matter interactions with wide applications in optoelectronics and nonlinear optics. Here, purely optical analogs of Rabi splitting in integrated waveguide‐coupled resonators formed by two Sagnac interferometers are proposed and theoretically investigated. By tailoring the coherent mode interference, the spectral response of the devices is engineered to achieve optical analogs of Rabi splitting with anti‐crossing behavior in the resonances. Transitions between the Lorentzian, Fano, and Rabi splitting spectral lineshapes are achieved by simply changing the phase shift along the waveguide connecting the two Sagnac interferometers, revealing interesting physical insights about the evolution of different optical analogs of quantum phenomena. The impact of the device's structural parameters is also analyzed to facilitate device design and optimization. These results suggest a new way for realizing optical analogs of Rabi splitting based on integrated waveguide‐coupled resonators, paving the way for many potential applications that manipulate light–matter interactions in the strong coupling regime.
Gross anatomy of the Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri, with special reference to the coelomic viscera
Authors: Muramatsu Banri , Suzuki Daichi G. , Suzuki Masakazu , Higashiyama Hiroki
Published: March 2023

Hagfish (Myxinoidea) are a deep‐sea taxon of cyclostomes, the extant jawless vertebrates. Many researchers have examined the anatomy and embryology of hagfish to shed light on the early evolution of vertebrates; however, the diversity within hagfish is often overlooked. Hagfish have three lineages, Myxininae, Eptatretinae, and Rubicundinae. Usually, textbook illustrations of hagfish anatomy reflect the morphology of the Myxininae lineage, especially Myxine glutinosa, with its single pair of external branchial pores. Here, we instead report the gross anatomy of an Eptatretinae, Eptatretus burgeri, which has six pairs of branchial pores, especially focusing on the coelomic organs. Dissections were performed on fixed and unfixed specimens to provide a guide for those doing organ‐ or tissue‐specific molecular experiments. Our dissections revealed that the ventral aorta is Y‐branched in E. burgeri, which differs from the unbranched morphology of Myxine. Otherwise, there were no differences in the morphology of the lingual apparatus or heart in the pharyngeal domain. The thyroid follicles were scattered around the ventral aorta, as has been reported for adult lampreys. The hepatobiliary system more closely resembled those of jawed vertebrates than those of adult lampreys, with the liver having two lobes and a bile duct connecting the gallbladder to each lobe. Overall, the visceral morphology of E. burgeri does not differ significantly from that of the known Myxine at the level of gross anatomy, although the branchial morphology is phylogenetically ancestral compared to Myxine.
Achieving distributed consensus for networked uncertain Euler–Lagrange systems with average dwell time approach
Authors: Liu Lixia , Liu Wencheng , Li Yanping , Liu Shang , Guo Rongwei , Li Bin
Published: March 2023

This paper proposes a novel distributed consensus achieving algorithm for switched networked Lagrange systems with uncertain parameters, in order to solve the abruptly occurrence problem of parameters changing and communication topologies switching. We first model the multirobot systems as switched networked Lagrange systems. Then, by introducing the network topology into the sliding mode vector, a unified distributed consensus tracking strategy is then proposed by systematically combining the average dwell time (ADT) approach and adaptive control method. Besides, a sufficient condition regarding the ADT among subsystems is derived to ensure the asymptotical consensus performance of the multirobot systems. A unified analysis methodology is developed to perform the convergence analysis for the closed‐loop system by Lyapunov stable theory. Finally, illustrative examples and simulations are provided to demonstrate and validate the theoretical results.
Curcumin‐based nanoformulations alleviate wounds and related disorders: A comprehensive review
Authors: Ansari Legha , Mashayekhi‐Sardoo Habibeh , Baradaran Rahimi Vafa , Yahyazadeh Roghayeh , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid , Askari Vahid Reza
Published: March 2023

Despite numerous advantages, curcumin's (CUR) low solubility and low bioavailability limit its employment as a free drug. CUR‐incorporated nanoformulation enhances the bioavailability and angiogenesis, collagen deposition, fibroblast proliferation, reepithelization, collagen synthesis, neovascularization, and granulation tissue formation in different wounds. Designing nanoformulations with controlled‐release properties ensure the presence of CUR in the defective area during treatment. Different nanoformulations encompassing nanofibers, nanoparticles (NPs), nanospray, nanoemulsion, nanosuspension, nanoliposome, nanovesicle, and nanomicelle were described in the present study comprehensively. Moreover, for some other systems which contain nano‐CUR or CUR nanoformulations, including some nanofibers, films, composites, scaffolds, gel, and hydrogels seems the CUR‐loaded NPs incorporation has better control of the sustained release, and thereby, the presence of CUR until the final stages of wound healing is more possible. Incorporating CUR‐loaded chitosan NPs into nanofiber increased the release time, while 80% of CUR was released during 240 h (10 days). Therefore, this system can guarantee the presence of CUR during the entire healing period. Furthermore, porous structures such as sponges, aerogels, some hydrogels, and scaffolds disclosed promising performance. These architectures with interconnected pores can mimic the native extracellular matrix, thereby facilitating attachment and infiltration of cells at the wound site, besides maintaining a free flow of nutrients and oxygen within the three‐dimensional structure essential for rapid and proper wound healing, as well as enhancing mechanical strength.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Piperazine‐Tethered Derivatives of Alepterolic Acid as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Liu Zi , Xia Chenlu , Wang Nina , Cao Jianguo , Huang Guozheng , Ma Liang
Published: March 2023

Alepterolic acid is a natural diterpenoid isolated from Aleuritopteris argentea with potential anti‐cancer activity. In this study, alepterolic acid was modified to construct a series of arylformyl piperazinyl derivatives (3a–3p). The synthesized derivatives were fully characterized with HRMS, NMR, and IR. Four compounds with inhibition rate higher than 30 % at 10 μM (3f, 3n, 3g and 3k) were further measured to obtain the IC50 values against four cancer cell lines, including hepatoma cell lines HepG2, lung cancer cell lines A549, estrogen receptor‐positive cell lines MCF7, and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines MDA‐MB‐231 by MTT assay. It was found that these compounds were more effective to HepG2 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells, while less toxic to A549 and MCF7 cells, and compound 3n as the most toxic derivatve against MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines, with IC50 value of 5.55±0.56 μM. Trypan blue staining and colony formation assay showed that compound 3n inhibited the growth of MDA‐MB‐231 cells and prevented colony formation. Hoechst staining, flow cytometry and western blot analysis revealed that compound 3n induced caspase‐dependent apoptosis in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Conclusively, compound 3n was demonstrated to be a potential anti‐cancer lead compound for further investigation.
An uncommon paratubal cyst: Serous borderline tumor
Authors: Limaiem Faten , Halouani Ahmed
Published: March 2023

Paratubal cysts are almost always benign, with rare reports of paratubal serous borderline tumors (PSBT). Only 10 cases of PSBT have been reported in the literature. Their treatment in young patients relies on fertility‐preserving surgery. Herein, the authors report a case of PSBT revealed by chronic pelvic pain.