bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inclusion in the clinic: A mixed methods study of left‐handed student's perceptions of using cordless keyboards
Authors: Adams Danita , Fulkerson Dikuua Kelly Jo , Hall Amy
Published: September 2024

Purpose/objectives

Little is written on obstacles for left‐handed students in the dental clinic. This mixed methods study evaluates the experiences of using cordless keyboards for left‐handed dental students.

Methods

Researchers purchased four Logitech K400 Plus wireless keyboards. Using Qualtrics, a survey software, a pre‐survey was sent out at the beginning of the spring semester prior to introducing the cordless keyboards. A post‐survey circulated at the end of the semester. Quantitative analysis statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics. Researchers conducted a thematic analysis of the qualitative survey responses.

Results

Twenty‐three left‐handed D3 and D4 dental students were asked to participate in a survey about cordless keyboards. The pre‐survey had a 100% response rate, and the post‐survey had a 71% response rate. The surveys indicated that left‐handed students often face a range of barriers in clinical settings, including ergonomic challenges to enter data, difficulty managing time due to double entry of data on right‐handed equipment, and feelings of psychological unsafety due to fear for asking for support. The most significant finding was as follows: not only did the cordless keyboard assist clinical performance, but the cordless keyboard project also helped students feel heard and validated as left‐handed learners.

Conclusions

Researchers recommend that educators prioritize the inclusion of left‐handed learners through various practices like making adjustments to physical spaces and creating inclusive environments where all learners feel supported.
A pilot study: Examining cytoskeleton gene expression profiles in Pakistani children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Malik Sana , Ali Syed Aoun , Mehdi Ahmed Murtaza , Raza Amir , Bashir Shahid , Baig Deeba Noreen
Published: September 2024

Background

Finding effective pharmacological interventions to address the complex array of neurodevelopmental disorders is currently an urgent imperative within the scientific community as these conditions present significant challenges for patients and their families, often impacting cognitive, emotional, and social development. In this study, we aimed to explore non‐invasive method to diagnose autism spectrum disorders (ASD) within Pakistan children population and to identify clinical drugs for its treatment.

Aims

The current report outlines a comprehensive bidirectional investigation showcasing the successful utilization of saliva samples to quantify the expression patterns of profilins (PFN1, 2, and 3); and ERM (ezrin, radixin, and moesin) proteins; and additionally moesin pseudogene 1 and moesin pseudogene 1 antisense (MSNP1AS). Subsequently, these expression profiles were employed to forecast interactions between drugs and genes in children diagnosed with ASD.

Methods

This study sought to delve into the intricate gene expression profiles using qualitative polymerase chain reaction of profilin isoforms (PFN1, 2, and 3) and ERM genes extracted from saliva samples obtained from children diagnosed with ASD. Through this analysis, we aimed to elucidate potential molecular mechanisms underlying ASD pathogenesis, shedding light on novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this complex neurological condition. (n = 22). Subsequently, we implemented a diagnostic model utilizing sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS‐DA) to predict drugs against our genes of interest. Furthermore, connectivity maps were developed to illustrate the predicted associations of 24 drugs with the genes expression.

Results

Our study results showed varied expression profile of cytoskeleton linked genes. Similarly, sPLS‐DA model precisely predicted drug to genes response. Sixteen of the examined drugs had significant positive correlations with the expression of the targeted genes whereas eight of the predicted drugs had shown negative correlations.

Conclusion

Here we report the role of cytoskeleton linked genes (PFN and ERM) in co‐relation to ASD. Furthermore, variable yet significant quantitative expression of these genes successfully predicted drug–gene interactions as shown with the help of connectivity maps that can be used to support the clinical use of these drugs to treat individuals with ASD in future studies.
Breaking small automorphisms by list colourings
Authors: Kwaśny Jakub , Stawiski Marcin
Published: September 2024

For a graph , we define a small automorphism as one that maps some vertex into its neighbour. We investigate the edge colourings of that break every small automorphism of . We show that such a colouring can be chosen from any set of lists of length 3. In addition, we show that any set of lists of length 2 on both edges and vertices of yields a total colouring which breaks all the small automorphisms of . These results are sharp, and they match the known bounds for the nonlist variant.
Discovery of Structural Diversity Guided N‐S Heterocyclic Derivatives Based on Natural Benzothiazole Alkaloids as Potential Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Guo Lirong , Wan Yafei , Liu Manli , Zheng Fuqiang , Shi Yingwu , Wang Kaimei , Cao Xiufang , Bao Longzhu , Ke Shaoyong
Published: September 2024

Benzothiazole alkaloids are a class of rare heterocyclic alkaloids with unique structures and exhibit a wide range of biological activities. So, the aim of this work is to investigate structural diversity‐guided N‐S heterocyclic derivatives based on natural benzothiazole alkaloids as potential cytotoxic agents. Three series of novel benzothiazole derivatives, including 22 compounds, were designed and synthesized using pharmacophore hybridization, and their in vitro cytotoxic activities against Huh‐7 and A875 were fully evaluated. The results indicated that some of these benzothiazole derivatives had significantly good cytotoxic activities against two tested cell lines compared with the positive control 5‐fluorouracil, and other compounds 3f–3i displayed good selectivity between A875 and Huh‐7 cell lines, which might be used as promising lead molecule for discovery of novel benzothiazole‐type cytotoxic agents.
Study and optimising performance of enhancement‐mode monolithically integrated white‐light HEMT‐LED by inserting of InGaN quantum wells
Authors: Bhattacharjee Hindol , Dey Anup , Meher Preetisudha
Published: September 2024

In this paper five enhancement‐mode monolithically integrated white‐light High electron mobility transistors‐light emitting diodes (HEMT‐LED) structures are proposed and simulated to obtain maximum light intensity, drain current Id and maximum trans‐conductance gm. In first four HEMT‐LED structures white light is generated by combining inbuilt yellow and blue lights and in fifth proposed structure the white light is generated with the combination of inbuilt red, green and blue lights. The InGaN quantum wells (QWs) are inserted in to e‐mode ITO/p‐GaN gate HEMT structures and the desired wavelength of light spectrums are generated by changing the in content (mole fraction), to obtain inbuilt white light. Among five proposed structures one shows Maximum Id‐max of 925 mA and maximum gm of 250 mS, which is significantly higher than any HEMT‐LED structures reported before. All the proposed structures are simulated in Silvaco TCAD software.
Why Is Generation Z Motivated at Work? A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Dwivedula Ravikiran
Published: September 2024

This article aims to identify and explain the factors leading to work motivation among the Generation Z workforce, using the self‐determination theory (SDT) of motivation as a lens. The study involved 317 respondents and utilized open‐ended questions to gather textual responses through a survey. The responses were analyzed using NVIVO 14. Seven broad themes explained this cohort's work motivation: nature of work, job, support, future opportunities, references, experience, and career. The two most autonomous forms of motivation—intrinsic motivation and identified regulation—significantly explain worker motivation. Theoretically, the study's findings advance the SDT of motivation by applying its principles to an emerging workforce. Additionally, these findings enhance our comprehension of Generation Z workers’ motivation across various industries. From a managerial perspective, the results may inform the development of targeted human resource practices aimed at motivating Generation Z employees within organizations.
Fe toxicity tolerance is advantageous in rice growth recovery after Fe stress alleviation
Authors: Fujimoto Riku , Aratani Haruka , Rumanti Indrastuti A. , Nugraha Yudhistira , Kamiya Takehiro , Yamasaki Yuji , Kato Yoichiro
Published: September 2024

Background

Fe toxicity often inhibits rice growth on acid sulfate soils in tropical coastal lowlands. Previous studies in plant physiology and breeding have focused on high‐Fe stress, but not on growth recovery after stress alleviation.

Aims

The objective of this study was to elucidate the morphophysiological characteristics in rice growth recovery from high‐Fe stress.

Methods

We evaluated the seedling growths of Taichung65 (T65) (Fe toxicity‐tolerant) and Ciherang (susceptible) in hydroponic culture, during the period of high‐Fe stress (250 mg Fe2+ L−1 for 12 or 18 days) and after stress alleviation.

Results

The plant growth rate during recovery was negatively correlated with the leaf bronzing score (damage symptoms due to Fe toxicity) at the end of high‐Fe stress, which in turn was negatively correlated with the shoot Fe concentration. After 18‐day stress, T65 showed greater growth recovery than Ciherang, attributable to its higher net assimilation rate, higher transpiration rate (water uptake/green leaf area), and greater increase in total root length during recovery. In particular, T65 showed vigorous lateral root development in nodal roots that emerged during the stress period and vigorous growth of nodal roots that emerged during recovery.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that tolerance to high‐Fe stress confers an advantage in growth recovery. It is likely that tolerance to Fe toxicity contributes not only to the maintenance of green leaf area at the end of stress but also to quick root growth recovery, leading to vigorous water uptake and high photoassimilation capacity after stress alleviation.
Unraveling social undermining at the workplace: A systematic review of past achievements and future promises
Authors: Haider Bilal , Khizar Hafiz Muhammad Usman , Kallmuenzer Andreas , Hilal Omnia Abdelazeem
Published: September 2024

In the contemporary landscape of organizational dynamics, it is imperative to understand the nuance of social undermining behaviors in the workplace for effective strategy and decision‐making. In this regard, this study reviews, identifies, and critically evaluates the social undermining literature and offers new avenues for future research. The systematic literature review methodology has been used to select and critically review 65 studies on this topic. The analysis and findings of this review are presented in three sections, as follows, (i) research profiling—to highlight the current status of research on social undermining in management literature, (ii) literature synthesis—to highlight key theories and conceptions of social undermining as well as discuss the antecedents and outcomes of social undermining, and (iii) critical analysis—to highlight knowledge gaps in existing research and set future agenda. This review is the first comprehensive review on social undermining at the workplace and serves as a knowledge base by presenting a comprehensive literature review as well as extending further development of knowledge on this topic. A key contribution of our review is the proposal of a comprehensive framework of literature synthesis to provide a bird's eye view on this scholarly domain. Our study contributes to organizational behavior and strategic management discourse by offering crucial insights on human dynamics that shape organizational strategy, and change.
Factors Associated With Prolonged Operative Times in Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy and Its Association With Short‐Term Outcomes
Authors: Emile Sameh Hany , Horesh Nir , Garoufalia Zoe , Gefen Rachel , Dourado Justin , Dasilva Giovanna , Wexner Steven D.
Published: September 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate factors associated with prolonged operative time in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for colon cancer.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of patients with colon cancer who underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy between 2011 and 2021. Linear and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with prolonged operative time. The association between longer operative times and complications and hospital stay was assessed.

Results

One hundred and ninety‐seven patients (52.3% female; mean age: 68.8 ± 14.1 years) were included. Factors independently associated with operative time were male sex (β = 17.3, 95% CI: 2, 32.5; p = 0.026) and extended hemicolectomy (β = 67.7, 95% CI: 27.6, 107.9; p = 0.001). American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) IV classification had a borderline significant association with operative time (β = 100.4, 95% CI: −2.05, 202.9; p = 0.055). Male sex (r = 0.158; p = 0.026), body mass index (r = 0.205; p = 0.004), ASA classification (r = 0.232; p = 0.001), extended hemicolectomy (r = 0.256; p < 0.001), and intracorporeal vessel control (r = 0.161; p = 0.025) had significant positive correlation with operative times. Patients with operative times ≥ 160 min had significantly longer hospital stays (5 vs. 4 days; p = 0.043) and similar complication rates to patients with shorter operative times.

Conclusions

Male sex, advanced ASA classification, and extended hemicolectomy were independently and significantly associated with longer operative times in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. Longer operative times were associated with longer hospital stays and similar complication rates.
Review of 2022 PSOGI/RENAPE Consensus on HIPEC
Authors: Kusamura Shigeki , Bhatt Aditi , van Der Speeten Kurt , Kepenekian Vahan , Hübner Martin , Eveno Clarisse , de Hingh Ignace , Delhorme Jean‐Baptiste , Taibi Abdelkader , Villeneuve Laurent , Dico Rea Lo , Moran Brendan , Govaerts Kim , Zivanovic Oliver , Brennan Donal , Nadeau Cedric , Van Driel Willemien , Bakrin Naoual , Piso Pompiliu , Verwaal Victor J. , González‐Moreno Santiago , Alyami Mohammad , Sgarbura Olivia , Rau Beate , Deraco Marcello , Glehen Olivier
Published: September 2024

The 2022 PSOGI (Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International) and RENAPE (French Network for Rare Peritoneal Malignancies) consensus on hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) was a comprehensive effort aimed at standardizing treatment protocols for various peritoneal malignancies. This initiative is critical due to the wide range of technical variations in HIPEC procedures and the resulting need for standardization to ensure consistent and effective patient care and meaningful audit of multicenter data.
Development and Validation of a Predictive Risk Score for Blood Transfusion in Patients Undergoing Curative‐Intent Surgery for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Catalano Giovanni , Alaimo Laura , Endo Yutaka , Chatzipanagiotou Odysseas P. , Ruzzenente Andrea , Aldrighetti Luca , Weiss Matthew , Bauer Todd W. , Alexandrescu Sorin , Poultsides George A. , Maithel Shishir K. , Marques Hugo P. , Martel Guillaume , Pulitano Carlo , Shen Feng , Cauchy François , Koerkamp Bas G. , Endo Itaru , Kitago Minoru , Pawlik Timothy M.
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives

Among patients undergoing liver resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), perioperative bleeding requiring blood transfusion is a common complication, yet preoperative identification of patients at risk for transfusion remains challenging. The objective of this study was to develop a preoperative risk score for blood transfusion requirement during surgery for ICC.

Methods

Patients undergoing curative‐intent liver surgery for ICC (1990–2020) were identified from a multi‐institutional database. A predictive model was developed and validated. An easy‐to‐use risk calculator was made available online.

Results

Among 1420 patients, 300 (21.1%) received an intraoperative transfusion. Independent predictors of transfusion included severe preoperative anemia (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.10–2.47), T2 category or higher (OR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.36–3.02), positive lymph nodes (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.32–2.32) and major resection (OR = 2.56, 95%CI 1.85–3.58). Receipt of blood transfusion significantly correlated with worse outcomes. The model showed good discriminative ability in both training (AUC = 0.68, 95% CI 0.66–0.72) and bootstrapping validation (C‐index = 0.67, 95% CI 0.65–0.70) cohorts. An online risk calculator of blood transfusion requirement was developed (https://catalano-giovanni.shinyapps.io/TransfusionRisk).

Conclusions

Intraoperative blood transfusion was significantly associated with poor postoperative outcomes among patients undergoing surgery for ICC. The identification of patients at high risk of transfusion could improve perioperative patient care and blood resources allocation.
Deep learning‐based structure segmentation and intramuscular fat annotation on lumbar magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Xu Yefu , Zheng Shijie , Tian Qingyi , Kou Zhuoyan , Li Wenqing , Xie Xinhui , Wu Xiaotao
Published: September 2024

Background

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a prevalent cause of low back pain. LDH patients commonly experience paraspinal muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration (FI), which further exacerbates the symptoms of low back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for assessing paraspinal muscle condition. Our study aims to develop a dual‐model for automated muscle segmentation and FI annotation on MRI, assisting clinicians evaluate LDH conditions comprehensively.

Methods

The study retrospectively collected data diagnosed with LDH from December 2020 to May 2022. The dataset was split into a 7:3 ratio for training and testing, with an external test set prepared to validate model generalizability. The model's performance was evaluated using average precision (AP), recall and F1 score. The consistency was assessed using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Cohen's Kappa. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was calculated to assess the error of the model measurements of relative cross‐sectional area (rCSA) and FI. Calculate the MAPE of FI measured by threshold algorithms to compare with the model.

Results

A total of 417 patients being evaluated, comprising 216 males and 201 females, with a mean age of 49 ± 15 years. In the internal test set, the muscle segmentation model achieved an overall DSC of 0.92 ± 0.10, recall of 92.60%, and AP of 0.98. The fat annotation model attained a recall of 91.30%, F1 Score of 0.82, and Cohen's Kappa of 0.76. However, there was a decrease on the external test set. For rCSA measurements, except for longissimus (10.89%), the MAPE of other muscles was less than 10%. When comparing the errors of FI for each paraspinal muscle, the MAPE of the model was lower than that of the threshold algorithm.

Conclusion

The models demonstrate outstanding performance, with lower error in FI measurement compared to thresholding algorithms.
The predictive association between social support, communal mastery, and response to culturally adapted cognitive processing therapy among Native American women
Authors: van Stolk‐Cooke Katherine , Brier Zoe M. F. , Pearson Cynthia , Price Matthew , Kaysen Debra
Published: September 2024

Though social support (SS) and communal mastery (CM) are resilience factors among American Indian and Alaska Natives (AIAN), they have not been examined as trauma treatment predictors in this at‐risk group. This study evaluated whether SS and CM were associated with improved treatment response in a sample of 73 AIAN women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Participants received culturally adapted CPT and were assessed for PTSD, CM, and SS. Data were analyzed using linear mixed‐effects models. SS predicted improved PTSD, β = −.16, SE = .05, p = .003, and mental health, β = .16, SE = .05, p = .005, but not physical health. CM predicted improved PTSD, β = −.93, SE = .34, p = .008; mental health, β = .90, SE = .36, p = .013; and physical health, β = .95, SE = .31, p = .003. In a combined model, SS predicted improvements in PTSD, β = −.15, SE = .04, p < .001, and mental health, β = .12, SE = .06, p = .037, whereas CM did not. CM predicted improved physical health, β = 1.04, SE = .33, p = .003, whereas SS did not. Results highlight the benefits of SS and CM in trauma treatment outcomes for AIAN women, consistent with prior work, and further underscore the differential role of SS versus CM on mental versus physical health. Future work should explore how orientation to close and communal‐level relationships may inform the protective benefits of social resources among AIAN.
Status of peer review guidelines in international surgical journals: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Dong Min , Wang Wenjing , Liu Xuemei , Lei Fang , Luo Yunmei
Published: September 2024

Aim

To gain insight into the current status of peer review guidelines in international surgical journals and to offer guidance for the development of peer review guidelines for surgical journals.

Methods

We selected the top 100 journals in the category of ‘Surgery’ according to the Journal Citation Report 2021. We conducted a search of the websites of these journals, and Web of Science, PubMed, other databases, in order to gather the peer review guidelines published by these top 100 journals up until June 30, 2022. Additionally, we analysed the contents of these peer review guidelines.

Results

Only 52% (52/100) of journals provided guidelines for reviewers. Sixteen peer review guidelines which were published by these 52 surgical journals were included in this study. The contents of these peer review guidelines were classified into 33 items. The most common item was research methodology, which was mentioned by 13 journals (25%, 13/52). Other important items include statistical methodology, mentioned by 11 journals (21.2%), the rationality of figures, tables, and data, mentioned by 11 journals (21.2%), innovation of research, mentioned by nine journals (17.3%), and language expression, readability of papers, ethical review, references, and so forth, mentioned by eight journals (15.4%). Two journals described items for quality assessment of peer review. Forty‐three journals offered a checklist to guide reviewers on how to write a review report. Some surgical journals developed peer review guidelines for reviewers with different academic levels, such as professional reviewers and patient/public reviewers. Additionally, some surgical journals provided specific items for different types of papers, such as original articles, reviews, surgical videos, surgical database research, surgery‐related outcome measurements, and case reports in their peer review guidelines.

Conclusions

Key contents of peer review guidelines for the reviewers of surgical journals not only include items relating to reviewing research methodology, statistical methods, figures, tables and data, research innovation, ethical review, but also cover items concerning reviewing surgical videos, surgical database research, surgery‐related outcome measurements, instructions on how to write a review report, and guidelines on how to assess quality of peer review.
Transformative agreements, publication venues and Open Access policies at the University of Milan
Authors: Berni Laura , Zucchini Francesco
Published: September 2024

Starting from July 2020 at the University of Milan, one of the largest and most important Italian universities, the first transformative agreements with some major international scientific publishers have come into effect. These agreements allow corresponding authors to publish in open access without directly bearing the publication costs. From the perspective of corresponding authors, these agreements could increase the dissemination of their scientific output and, thereby, the impact on the scientific community. However, transformative agreements are part of a rapidly changing publishing market that already includes open access articles in both so‐called ‘Diamond’ and ‘Gold’ journals. The aim of our study is to understand to what extent the positioning of journals in impact rankings, the disciplinary field of the article, together with the career stage of the corresponding author, influence the choice to publish in a journal covered by transformative agreements rather than in other open access or hybrid journals. The results of our investigation draw attention to the importance of rules in Italy governing scientific careers in different disciplinary fields and potential unforeseen effects of policies favouring open access.
Large‐Scale High‐Density Multimode Optical Switch Matrix
Authors: Sun Shangsen , Tong Weiyu , Wang Qiansheng , Jiang Shan , Wu Bo , Zhang Wenkai , Zhang Hongguang , Xu Lu , Dong Jianji , Xiao Xi , Zhang Xinliang
Published: September 2024

Optical switching technology is emerging as a solution to the limitations of traditional electronic switching. Combining optical switching with mode‐division multiplexing effectively overcomes the limitations of expanding switching capacity solely by increasing the number of ports. This paper introduces a compact four‐mode 2 × 2 optical switch and a four‐mode reconfigurable non‐blocking 4 × 4 optical switch matrix based on the Beneš architecture. The multimode 2 × 2 switch achieves an extinction ratio larger than 15 dB for all modes in the wavelength range of 1530–1590 nm. The multimode 4 × 4 switch matrix has an extinction ratio exceeding 9 dB for all modes and states in the C‐band, with a compact size (1.46 × 0.23 mm2) and low power consumption (0–154 mW). It supports high‐integrity 50 Gbaud PAM4 signal transmission with a bit error rate below the forward error correction limit. These devices pave the way for enhanced integration density and capacity in optical switching systems.
Empowered by representation: How plus‐size models create brand evangelists
Authors: Chauhan Vishakha , Gupta Mansi , Das Gopal
Published: September 2024

Traditional beauty standards are evolving as brands embrace diversity and equity through inclusive communication strategies. This paradigm shift is evident in the transition from stereotypical slender models to the inclusion of more diverse plus‐size models in brand communication. However, an important question arises: Does the presence of a plus‐size model in an advertisement enhance consumer support for a brand? The present research encompasses six studies, including one field study and five experimental studies, that delve into the relationship between models' body size and brand evangelism. The findings demonstrate that featuring a plus‐size model in an advertisement enhances brand evangelism among consumers. Further, consumer empowerment is the underlying mechanism driving this effect. Finally, this research identifies the moderating role of empathy such that consumers with higher levels of empathy experience a heightened sense of empowerment through inclusive brand communication. By illuminating these dynamics, this research contributes to the growing literature of diversity, equity, and inclusion in brand communication.
Liver cirrhosis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions
Authors: Dong Zihe , Wang Yeying , Jin Weilin
Published: September 2024

Liver cirrhosis is the end‐stage of chronic liver disease, characterized by inflammation, necrosis, advanced fibrosis, and regenerative nodule formation. Long‐term inflammation can cause continuous damage to liver tissues and hepatocytes, along with increased vascular tone and portal hypertension. Among them, fibrosis is the necessary stage and essential feature of liver cirrhosis, and effective antifibrosis strategies are commonly considered the key to treating liver cirrhosis. Although different therapeutic strategies aimed at reversing or preventing fibrosis have been developed, the effects have not be more satisfactory. In this review, we discussed abnormal changes in the liver microenvironment that contribute to the progression of liver cirrhosis and highlighted the importance of recent therapeutic strategies, including lifestyle improvement, small molecular agents, traditional Chinese medicine, stem cells, extracellular vesicles, and gut remediation, that regulate liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. Meanwhile, therapeutic strategies for nanoparticles are discussed, as are their possible underlying broad application and prospects for ameliorating liver cirrhosis. Finally, we also reviewed the major challenges and opportunities of nanomedicine‒biological environment interactions. We hope this review will provide insights into the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of liver cirrhosis, thus facilitating new methods, drug discovery, and better treatment of liver cirrhosis.
Genetic Risk Factors in Isolated Dystonia Escape Genome‐Wide Association Studies
Authors: Laabs Björn‐Hergen , Lohmann Katja , Vollstedt Eva‐Juliane , Reinberger Tobias , Nuxoll Lisa‐Marie , Kilic‐Berkmen Gamze , Perlmutter Joel S. , Loens Sebastian , Cruchaga Carlos , Franke Andre , Dobricic Valerija , Hinrichs Frauke , Grözinger Anne , Altenmüller Eckart , Bellows Steven , Boesch Sylvia , Bressman Susan B. , Duque Kevin R. , Espay Alberto J. , Ferbert Andreas , Feuerstein Jeanne S. , Frank Samuel , Gasser Thomas , Haslinger Bernhard , Jech Robert , Kaiser Frank , Kamm Christoph , Kollewe Katja , Kühn Andrea A. , LeDoux Mark S. , Lohmann Ebba , Mahajan Abhimanyu , Münchau Alexander , Multhaupt‐Buell Trisha , Pantelyat Alexander , Pirio Richardson Sarah E. , Raymond Deborah , Reich Stephen G. , Saunders Pullman Rachel , Schormair Barbara , Sharma Nutan , Sichani Azadeh Hamzehei , Simonyan Kristina , Volkmann Jens , Wagle Shukla Aparna , Winkelmann Juliane , Wright Laura J. , Zech Michael , Zeuner Kirsten E. , Zittel Simone , Kasten Meike , Sun Yan V. , Bäumer Tobias , Brüggemann Norbert , Ozelius Laurie J. , Jinnah Hyder A. , Klein Christine , König Inke R.
Published: September 2024

Background

Despite considerable heritability, previous smaller genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) have not identified any robust genetic risk factors for isolated dystonia.

Objective

The objective of this study was to perform a large‐scale GWAS in a well‐characterized, multicenter sample of >6000 individuals to identify genetic risk factors for isolated dystonia.

Methods

Array‐based GWASs were performed on autosomes for 4303 dystonia participants and 2362 healthy control subjects of European ancestry with subgroup analysis based on age at onset, affected body regions, and a newly developed clinical score. Another 736 individuals were used for validation.

Results

This GWAS identified no common genome‐wide significant loci that could be replicated despite sufficient power to detect meaningful effects. Power analyses imply that the effects of individual variants are likely very small.

Conclusions

Moderate single‐nucleotide polymorphism–based heritability indicates that common variants do not contribute to isolated dystonia in this cohort. Sequence‐based GWASs (eg, by whole‐genome sequencing) might help to better understand the genetic basis. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Current nanocomposite advances for biomedical and environmental application diversity
Authors: Mamidi Narsimha , Delgadillo Ramiro M. V. , Sustaita Alan O. , Lozano Karen , Yallapu Murali M.
Published: September 2024

Nanocomposite materials are emerging as key players in addressing critical challenges in healthcare, energy storage, and environmental remediation. These innovative systems hold great promise in engineering effective solutions for complex problems. Nanocomposites have demonstrated various advantages such as simplicity, versatility, lightweight, and potential cost‐effectiveness. By reinforcing synthetic and natural polymers with nanomaterials, a range of nanocomposites have exhibited unique physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Current research on nanocomposites has demonstrated promising clinical and translational applications. Over the past decade, the production of nanocomposites has emerged as a critical nano‐structuring methodology due to their adaptability and controllable surface structure. This comprehensive review article systematically addresses two principal domains. A comprehensive survey of metallic and nonmetallic nanomaterials (nanofillers), elucidating their efficacy as reinforcing agents in polymeric matrices. Emphasis is placed on the methodical design and engineering principles governing the development of functional nanocomposites. Additionally, the review provides an exhaustive examination of recent noteworthy advancements in industrial, environmental, biomedical, and clinical applications within the realms of nanocomposite materials. Finally, the review concludes by highlighting the ongoing challenges facing nanocomposites in a wide range of applications.
Advances in reversible covalent kinase inhibitors
Authors: Zhao Zheng , Bourne Philip E.
Published: September 2024

Reversible covalent kinase inhibitors (RCKIs) are a class of novel kinase inhibitors attracting increasing attention because they simultaneously show the selectivity of covalent kinase inhibitors yet avoid permanent protein‐modification‐induced adverse effects. Over the last decade, RCKIs have been reported to target different kinases, including Atypical group of kinases. Currently, three RCKIs are undergoing clinical trials. Here, advances in RCKIs are reviewed to systematically summarize the characteristics of electrophilic groups, chemical scaffolds, nucleophilic residues, and binding modes. In so doing, we integrate key insights into privileged electrophiles, the distribution of nucleophiles, and hence effective design strategies for the development of RCKIs. Finally, we provide a further perspective on future design strategies for RCKIs, including those that target proteins other than kinases.
The phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris senses and effluxes salicylic acid via a sensor HepR and an RND family efflux pump to promote virulence in host plants
Authors: Song Kai , Li Ruifang , Cui Ying , Chen Bo , Zhou Lian , Han Wenying , Jiang Bo‐Le , He Ya‐Wen
Published: September 2024

Salicylic acid (SA) plays an essential role in plant defense against biotrophic and semi‐biotrophic pathogens. Following pathogen recognition, SA biosynthesis dramatically increases at the infection site of the host plant. The manner in which pathogens sense and tolerate the onslaught of SA stress to survive in the plant following infection remains to be understood. The objective of this work was to determine how the model phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) senses and effluxes SA during infection inside host plants. First, RNA‐Seq analysis identified an SA‐responsive operon Xcc4167–Xcc4171, encoding a MarR family transcription factor HepR and an RND (resistance‐nodulation‐cell division) family efflux pump HepABCD in Xcc. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and DNase I footprint analysis revealed that HepR negatively regulated hepABCD expression by specifically binding to an AT‐rich region of the promoter of the hepRABCD operon, Phep. Second, isothermal titration calorimetry and further genetic analysis suggest that HepR is a novel SA sensor. SA binding released HepR from its cognate promoter Phep and then induced the expression of hepABCD. Third, the RND family efflux pump HepABCD was responsible for SA efflux. The hepRABCD cluster was also involved in the regulation of culture pH and quorum sensing signal diffusible signaling factor turnover. Finally, the hepRABCD cluster was transcribed during the XC1 infection of Chinese radish and was required for the full virulence of Xcc in Chinese radish and cabbage. These findings suggest that the ability of Xcc to co‐opt the plant defense signal SA to activate the multidrug efflux pump may have evolved to ensure Xcc survival and virulence in susceptible host plants.
An approximate solution for stochastic Fitzhugh–Nagumo partial differential equations arising in neurobiology models
Authors: Uma D. , Jafari H. , Raja Balachandar S. , Venkatesh S. G. , Vaidyanathan S.
Published: September 2024

In this paper, approximate solutions for stochastic Fitzhugh–Nagumo partial differential equations are obtained using two‐dimensional shifted Legendre polynomial (2DSLP) approximation. The problem's suitability and solvability are confirmed. The convergence analysis for the proposed methodology and the error analysis in the
norm are carried out. Using Maple software, an algorithm is created and implemented to arrive at the numerical solution. The solution thus obtained is compared with the exact solution and the solution obtained using the explicit order RK1.5 method.
Dynamics of autonomous and nonautonomous Leslie–Gower model for the impacts of fear and its carry‐over effects including predator harvesting
Authors: Mahendra  , Pandey Dwijendra N. , Kumar Ankit
Published: September 2024

Recently, certain biological field experiments and research findings have revealed that predators not only reduce prey populations through direct predation (lethal effect) but also indirectly affect the growth rate of prey by inducing fear; these nonlethal effects can be carried over seasons or generations. In this paper, we proposed an autonomous and a nonautonomous Leslie–Gower model incorporating some biological factors such as fear and its carry‐over effects, prey refuge, and nonlinear predator harvesting. In the autonomous model, first, we examined the well‐posedness, positivity solutions, and their boundedness. Also, it is shown that new equilibrium points emerge and disappear with the change in intrinsic growth rate of predator. Further, we compute and analyzed the local and global stability at the interior equilibrium points. Furthermore, Hopf bifurcation and direction and stability of limit cycle at interior equilibrium points are established. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis of the biological parameters is carried out numerically with two statistical methods via Latin hypercube sampling and partial rank correlation coefficients. It was found that at the small values of fear factor, carry‐over effect, and refuge behavior of prey parameters, the autonomous system exhibits oscillatory behavior, whereas for small values of prey birth rate and harvesting effort, the system remains stable. However, when intrinsic growth rate of predator increases from a low value to a higher value, the system shows transition from stability to instability and back to stability. We also explore the effects of seasonal variations in biological parameters in the nonautonomous model. Additionally, we investigate the theoretical existence of positive periodic solutions using the continuation theorem. The influences of seasonal variations in some parameters such as prey's birth rate, fear, and its carry‐over effects; refuge behavior of prey; intrinsic growth rate of predator; and harvesting effort are then numerically investigated. The results reveal the emergence of positive periodic solutions and bursting patterns in the seasonally forced model.
Infinitely of solutions for fractional κ(ξ)‐Kirchhoff equation in Hκ(ξ)ϖνμ(Λ)
Authors: Sahbani Abdelhakim , Sousa J. Vanterler da C.
Published: September 2024

This work aims to develop the variational framework for some Kirchhoff problems involving the
‐Hilfer operator. Precisely, we use the symmetric mountain pass theorem to prove the existence of unfairly of nontrivial solutions. Further, we research the results from the theory of variable exponent Sobolev spaces and from the theory of
‐fractional space
.
Millimeter micro‐coaxial beam steering array for high‐speed satellite communications
Authors: Li Bin , Feng Linping , Li Yun , Liu Shuo
Published: September 2024

Wide‐band low‐loss passive beam steering array presents to be essential part of the RF front‐ends for high‐speed detection during deep space exploration missions. In this letter, the copper‐based additive manufacturing technology is proposed for the implementation of low‐profile (~0.1λ) antenna design. Adopting the micro‐coaxial line as the basic design unit enables wide bandwidth design. In addition, the broadband designs of Butler matrix, planar antenna element, and transmission transitions are proposed, respectively. The miniaturization of the metallic patch antenna is realized using a double slotted design, ensuring an array space of ~0.5λ, which beneficial for the low‐lobe beam steering. Experimental results show that the antenna array with an overall size of 39 × 29 × 0.5 mm presents four beams located at ±14° and ±43°, respectively. The bandwidth of return loss better than −10 dB ranges from 65 to 71 GHz. The measured result matches well with the simulated ones, which makes its potential operation for satellite applications.
Reducing treatment time for robotic radiosurgery by considering path efficiency during node selection
Authors: Hagström Theodor , Andersson Björn , Fredriksson Albin
Published: September 2024

Background

Robotic radiosurgery treatments allow for precise non‐coplanar beam delivery by utilizing a robot equipped with a linac that traverses through a set of predetermined nodes. High quality treatment plans can be produced but treatment times can grow large, with one substantial component being the robot traversal time.

Purpose

The aim of this study is to reduce the treatment time for robotic radiosurgery treatments by introducing algorithms for reducing the robot traversal time. The algorithms are integrated into a commercial treatment planning system.

Methods

First, an optimization framework for robotic radiosurgery planning is detailed, including a heuristic optimization method for node selection. Second, two methods aimed at reducing the traversal time are introduced. One utilizes a centrality measure focusing on the structure of the node network, while the other is based on the direct computation of traversal times during optimization. A comparison between plans with and without the time‐reducing algorithms is made for three brain cases and one liver case with basis in treatment time, plan quality, monitor units, and network structure of the selected nodes.

Results

Large decreases in traversal times are obtained by the traversal time reducing algorithms, with reductions of up to 49 % in the brain cases and 31 % in the liver case. The resulting reductions in treatment times are up to 30 % and 13 %, respectively. Small differences in plan quality are observed, with similar dose‐volume histograms, dose distributions, and conformity/gradient indices.

Conclusions

The total treatment time of the robotic radiosurgery treatments can be reduced by selecting nodes with more efficient robot traversal paths, while maintaining plan quality.
Electrophysiological features of the peripheral neuropathy in patients with pathologic biallelic RFC1 repeat expansions
Authors: Calezis Claudia , Bonello‐Palot Nathalie , Verschueren Annie , Azulay Jean‐Philippe , Fortanier Etienne , Grapperon Aude‐Marie , Kouton Ludivine , Gallard Julien , Salort‐Campana Emmanuelle , Attarian Shahram , Delmont Emilien
Published: September 2024

Introduction/Aims

Cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) is caused by RFC1 expansions. Sensory neuronopathy, polyneuropathy, and involvement of motor, autonomic, and cranial nerves have all been described with RFC1 expansions. We aimed to describe the electrodiagnostic features of patients with RFC1 expansions through multimodal electrophysiological investigations.

Methods

Thirty‐five patients, with a median age of 70 years, and pathologic biallelic repeat expansions in the RFC1 gene, were tested for motor and sensory nerve conduction, flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and soleus H‐reflexes, blink reflex, electrochemical skin conductance, sympathetic skin response (SSR), and heart rate variability with deep breathing (HRV).

Results

Only 16 patients (46%) exhibited the full clinical CANVAS spectrum. Distal motor amplitudes were normal in 30 patients and reduced in the legs of five patients. Distal sensory amplitudes were bilaterally reduced in a non‐length dependent manner in 30 patients. Conduction velocities were normal. Soleus H‐reflexes were abnormal in 19/20 patients of whom seven had preserved Achilles reflexes. FCR H‐reflexes were absent or decreased in amplitude in 13/14 patients. Blink reflex was abnormal in 4/19 patients: R1 latencies for two patients and R2 latencies for two others. Fourteen out of 31 patients (45%) had abnormal results in at least one autonomic nervous system test, either for ESC (12/31), SSR (5/14), or HRV (6/19).

Discussion

Less than half of the patients with RFC1 expansions exhibited the full clinical CANVAS spectrum, but nearly all exhibited typical sensory neuronopathy and abnormal H‐reflexes. Involvement of small nerve fibers and brainstem neurons was less common.
Risk‐Aware SDN Defense Framework Against Anti‐Honeypot Attacks Using Safe Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Gao Dongying , Guo Caiwei , Zhang Yi , Ji Wen , Lv Zhilei , Li Zheng , Zhang Kunsan , Lin Ruibin
Published: September 2024

The development of multiple attack methods by external attackers in recent years poses a huge challenge to the security and efficient operation of software‐defined networks (SDN), which are the core of operational controllers and data storage. Therefore, it is critical to ensure that the normal process of network interaction between SDN servers and users is protected from external attacks. In this paper, we propose a risk‐aware SDN defense framework based on safe reinforcement learning (SRL) to counter multiple attack actions. Specifically, the defender uses SRL to maximize the utility by choosing to provide a honeypot service or pseudo‐honeypot service within predefined security constraints, while the external attacker maximizes the utility by choosing an anti‐honeypot attack or masquerade attack. To describe the system risk in detail, we introduce the risk level function to model the simultaneous dynamic attack and defense processes. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed risk‐aware scheme improves the defense utility by 17.5% and 142.4% and reduces the system risk by 42.7% and 59.6% compared to the QLearning scheme and the Random scheme, respectively.
Glioma monitoring and assessment: Utility of amide proton transfer MRI
Authors: Fothergill Aisling E. , Djoukhadar Ibrahim , Higgins David , Coope David , Thomas Owen , Parkes Laura M.
Published: September 2024

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a key role in the planning of glioma biopsy as well as postoperative monitoring for recurrence or progression. This review describes amide proton transfer (APT) MRI and its application to glioma imaging, including the use of APT MRI to address unmet clinical needs, common APT sequence parameter choices, and post‐processing methods. APT is a chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI technique that is sensitive to exchanging protons between water molecules and proteins and peptides containing amide groups in tissue. APT has shown promise in several areas including: differentiating glioma grading, correlation to cellular proliferation, association with molecular markers, and distinguishing pseudo‐progression from true progression. Multiple studies have shown that APTw values are affected by tumor markers including isocitrate dehydrogenase status and O6‐methylguanine‐DNA‐methyltransferase promoter status, demonstrating the potential for APT MRI. APT has also been shown to correlate with markers of cellular proliferation, including Ki‐67 index and low apparent diffusion coefficient on diffusion‐weighted imaging. Finally, this review also examines the potential limitations of APT MRI in clinical glioma imaging including the lack of standardization of acquisition and processing as well as the impact of 𝑇1, nuclear overhauser effect and magnetization transfer on the APT signal.