bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium 2016 Annual Report Card
Authors: Pettis Heather M. , Hamilton Philip K.
Published: January 2023

The North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) remains one of the most endangered large whales in the world. Over the past two decades, there has been increasing interest in addressing the problems hampering the recovery of North Atlantic right whales by using innovative research techniques, new technologies, analyses of existing databases, and enhanced conservation and education strategies. This increased interest demanded better coordination and collaboration among all stakeholders to ensure that there was improved access to data, research efforts were not duplicative, and that findings were shared with all interested parties. The North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium, initially formed in 1986 by five research institutions to share data among themselves, was expanded in 1997 to address these greater needs. Currently, the Consortium membership is comprised of representatives from more than 100 entities including: research, academic, and conservation organizations; shipping and fishing industries; whale watching companies; technical experts; United States (U.S.) and Canadian Government agencies; and state authorities. North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium members agreed in 2004 that an annual “report card” on the status of right whales would be useful. This report card includes updates on the status of the cataloged population, mortalities and injury events, and a summary of management and research efforts that have occurred over the previous 12 months. The Board’s goal is to make public a summary of current research and management activities, as well as provide detailed recommendations for future activities. The Board views this report as a valuable asset in assessing the effects of research and management over time.
North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium 2017 Annual Report Card
Authors: Pettis Heather M. , Pace, III Richard M. , Schick Robert S. , Hamilton Philip K.
Published: January 2023

The North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) remains one of the most endangered large whales in the world. Over the past two decades, there has been increasing interest in addressing the problems hampering the recovery of North Atlantic right whales by using innovative research techniques, new technologies, analyses of existing databases, and enhanced conservation and education strategies. This increased interest demanded better coordination and collaboration among all stakeholders to ensure that there was improved access to data, research efforts were not duplicative, and that findings were shared with all interested parties. The North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium, initially formed in 1986 by five research institutions to share data among themselves, was expanded in 1997 to address these greater needs. Currently, the Consortium membership is comprised of representatives from more than 100 entities including: research, academic, and conservation organizations; shipping and fishing industries; whale watching companies; technical experts; United States (U.S.) and Canadian Government agencies; and state authorities. North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium members agreed in 2004 that an annual “report card” on the status of right whales would be useful. This report card includes updates on the status of the cataloged population, mortalities and injury events, and a summary of management and research efforts that have occurred over the previous 12 months. The Board’s goal is to make public a summary of current research and management activities, as well as provide detailed recommendations for future activities. The Board views this report as a valuable asset in assessing the effects of research and management over time.
North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium 2007 Annual Report Card
Authors: Pettis Heather M. , Hamilton Philip K.
Published: January 2023

The North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) remains one of the most endangered large whales in the world. Over the past two decades, there has been increasing interest in addressing the problems hampering the recovery of North Atlantic right whales by using innovative research techniques, new technologies, analyses of existing databases, and enhanced conservation and education strategies. This increased interest demanded better coordination and collaboration among all stakeholders to ensure that there was improved access to data, research efforts were not duplicative, and that findings were shared with all interested parties. The North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium, initially formed in 1986 by five research institutions to share data among themselves, was expanded in 1997 to address these greater needs. Currently, the Consortium membership is comprised of representatives from more than 100 entities including: research, academic, and conservation organizations; shipping and fishing industries; whale watching companies; technical experts; United States (U.S.) and Canadian Government agencies; and state authorities. North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium members agreed in 2004 that an annual “report card” on the status of right whales would be useful. This report card includes updates on the status of the cataloged population, mortalities and injury events, and a summary of management and research efforts that have occurred over the previous 12 months. The Board’s goal is to make public a summary of current research and management activities, as well as provide detailed recommendations for future activities. The Board views this report as a valuable asset in assessing the effects of research and management over time.
North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium 2014 Annual Report Card
Authors: Pettis Heather M. , Hamilton Philip K.
Published: January 2023

The North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) remains one of the most endangered large whales in the world. Over the past two decades, there has been increasing interest in addressing the problems hampering the recovery of North Atlantic right whales by using innovative research techniques, new technologies, analyses of existing databases, and enhanced conservation and education strategies. This increased interest demanded better coordination and collaboration among all stakeholders to ensure that there was improved access to data, research efforts were not duplicative, and that findings were shared with all interested parties. The North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium, initially formed in 1986 by five research institutions to share data among themselves, was expanded in 1997 to address these greater needs. Currently, the Consortium membership is comprised of representatives from more than 100 entities including: research, academic, and conservation organizations; shipping and fishing industries; whale watching companies; technical experts; United States (U.S.) and Canadian Government agencies; and state authorities. North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium members agreed in 2004 that an annual “report card” on the status of right whales would be useful. This report card includes updates on the status of the cataloged population, mortalities and injury events, and a summary of management and research efforts that have occurred over the previous 12 months. The Board’s goal is to make public a summary of current research and management activities, as well as provide detailed recommendations for future activities. The Board views this report as a valuable asset in assessing the effects of research and management over time.
Risk factors for myocardial infarction during carotid endarterectomy in high-risk patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Vachev A. N. , Tereshina O. V. , Dmitriev O. V. , Belkin Yu. S. , Lebedev P. A.
Published: January 2023

Aim. To determine the value of various risk factors for predicting the myocardial infarction (MI) during carotid endarterectomy in high-risk patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Material and methods. The single-center cohort prospective study included 204 high-risk patients with CAD who required carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Before surgery, all patients underwent treatment of CAD, and all patients were clinically stabilized. The first step was CEA. Clinical and diagnostic factors associated with the risk of perioperative MI were studied. There were following end points of the study: stroke, MI, death due to MI. The diagnosis of MI was established when there was a combination of an increase in cTn-I troponin above the 99th percentile upper reference limit with electrocardiographic manifestations of myocardial ischemia, or with chest pain or equivalent symptoms consistent with myocardial ischemia.

Results. There were no strokes. There were no deaths due to MI. Perioperative MI developed in 8 (3,9%) patients. There were following most significant predictors of perioperative MI: severe impairment of local left ventricular (LV) contractility (hazard ratio (HR), 13,57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1,427-124,782, p<0,05) and a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction <50% (HR, 10,909; 95% CI, 1,052-271,229, p<0,05). However, following factors were insignificant for predicting perioperative MI (p>0,05): SYNTAX score, prior cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Conclusion. In high-risk patients with CAD, severe impairment of local LV contractility and global LV systolic dysfunction are the most significant risk factors for perioperative MI during CEA.
Practical application of graphene-enhanced concrete
Authors: Cunningham Lee S. , Sosa Gallardo Aldo F. , Foster Andrew S.J. , McDermott Alex , Hibberd Rob , Scullion Lisa , Dawson Craig , Ijije Happiness , Withers Paul
Published: January 2023

Incorporation of graphene nano-particles in concrete can improve mechanical properties and as a result has received growing attention in the research community. Despite the promise revealed in laboratory trials, there remain significant obstacles to widespread adoption of graphene in concrete at a construction level scale. This briefing paper gives an overview of the key outcomes from a recent experimental campaign and accompanying field trials where pioneering use of graphene-enhanced concrete has been successfully deployed at scale.
Export Performance of Agricultural and Allied Products: A Study of the North-Eastern Region of India
Authors: Kalita Barsha , Dutta Pranjal Pratim
Published: January 2023

The North-eastern Region of India, an agrarian economy, is rich in agricultural produce and contributes highly to the region's GDP. After the launch of the Act East Policy, the opportunity to capture the world market has enlarged and many export houses are registered in the region. As the government is emphasizing trade and commerce more, it becomes important to know the performance of the export houses of the region. The study has determined the comparative advantage of the agricultural products of the region in the country’s export basket using the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index and revealed the export performance of the region using the Average Annual Growth Rate and Compound Annual Growth Rate and showed the trend and growth of the value and quantity of exports. The study revealed that the agricultural products of the North-eastern Region have an advantage in the export of the country and growth is minimum but positive post the launching of Act East Policy.
SUZANNE DE VİLLENEUVE’IN GÜZEL ve ÇİRKİN MASALINDA GÜZELLİK, ÇİRKİNLİK ve ZENGİNLİKLE YOKSULLUĞUN GERÇEK ANLAMI ÜZERİNE
Authors: FIRINCIOĞULLARI Sevra
Published: January 2023

Güzel
ve çirkin bir çocuk klasiği olarak bilinen evrensel değerler üzerine derin
mesajlar veren bir eserdir. Eserin ana teması güzellikle çirkinlik ve
zenginlikle yoksulluk temalarının dikotomisi üzerinden kurulan olay örgüsü
çerçevesinde oluşturulmuştur. Güzel olan her şeyin görünüşle ölçülemeyeceği,
insana dair görünüşü aşan daha derin, yüce ve büyük değerleri içeren
güzelliklerin varlığı eser içinde yer verilen temel mesajlardan biridir.
Zenginliğin ise bilinen anlamının ötesinde bazı değerleri içeren manevi boyutu
yine eser içinde karakterlerin tutumları ve birbirilerine karşı etkileri
üzerinden ortaya konulan temel mesajlardır. İnsanın temel zenginliğinin
içindeki maneviyatla ve hayata geçirdiği temel değerlerle tanımlanabileceğinin
altı çizilir. Bu anlayış üzerinden gerçek güzellik ve çirkinliğin tanımı da
ortaya konulur. Bu tema eserin iki karakterinin birbiri üzerindeki dönüştürücü
etkisiyle tartışılır. Eserin temel ana mesajı da bu bağlamda verilir. Güzelliğe
bağlı değerler ve gerçek zenginlik insanın içindeki maneviyatın yükselişiyle
ortaya çıkabilir. Bunun dışındaki güzellik ve zenginlik arayışının kendisi
sahte, geçici ve boş bir gerçeklik arayışıdır. Yoksulluğun asıl tanımının bu
boş ve sahte değerlerle sürdürülen yaşamı tamamlamak olduğu, dolayısıyla gerçek
insani değerlerle yaşamaya yönelmiş kişinin gerçek zenginliğe ve güzelliğe
sahip kişi olduğunun vurgusu yapılır. Bu vurgu canavara dönüşen kötü kalpli
prensin gerçek sevgiyi görebilmesi için lanetlenmesi ve içindeki insanı
bulduktan sonra eski varlığına dönüşebilmesi ile simgesel olarak bir dönüşüm
üzerinden serimlenmiştir.
TÜRKİYE’NİN ENERJİ GÜVENLİĞİNİN SAĞLANMASI: BİR ULUSAL GÜVENLİK MESELESİ
Authors: ÇETİNKAYA Şeref
Published: January 2023

Enerji, uluslararası ilişkiler alanında son on yılın
en önemli meselelerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Bu durum Türkiye için de söz
konusudur. Özellikle enerji güvenliği konusu, Türkiye gibi enerji ihtiyacının
büyük bölümünü ithalat yoluyla sağlayan ülkeleri yakından ilgilendirmektedir. Enerji
güvenliğinin sağlanması konusunda yaşanabilecek sorunlar, ülkelerin makro-ekonomik
dengelerini etkileyebilecek seviyeye ulaşabilir. Bu nedenle Türkiye, enerji
güvenliğini sağlamak için çeşitli strateji ve politikalar üretmekte ve
uygulamaktadır. Üretilen strateji ve politikaların başarısız olması durumunda
yaşanacak gelişmeler ulusal güvenliği tehdit edecek boyutlara ulaşabilir. Bu
çalışma, enerji güvenliği konusunun nasıl ulusal güvenlik meselesi haline
dönüşebileceğini açıklamaya çalışmaktadır.
DNA Extraction from Arabidopsis thaliana v1
Authors: not provided lilyli
Published: January 2023

This is a protocol for extract DNA from arabidopsis thialiana.
Plasma protein expression pattern in congenital analbuminemia – systematic review protocol v1
Authors: M. Foster Bailey
Published: January 2023

Congenital analbuminemia patients do not express albumin due to genetic mutation. Here a protocol is described for carrying out a systematic review of published case reports on congenital analbuminemia patients. The goal is to assess abundances of a variety of plasma proteins and total plasma protein concentration in this patient population. From the literature search, concentration of individual plasma proteins, plasma protein classes, and total plasma protein concentration is assessed in comparison to reference ranges.
Immunostaining infiltrating spheroids as preparation for quantitative light-sheet imaging v2
Authors: Bjørknes Benedicte
Published: January 2023

Although various in vivo and in vitro models for studying glioblastoma cell invasion has progressed the field, there is still a need for optimized procedures. In particular to reveal key features of glioblastoma biology and infiltrating growth. In this protocol, we present an approach using indirect immunofluorescence in a 3D human xenograft glioblastoma spheroid model embedded in a naturally derived extracellular matrix
Modified Arabidopsis RootsmRNA FISH Protocol v1
Authors: Duncan Susan
Published: January 2023

Single molecule RNA FISH (smRNA FISH) is an imaging method that labels individual mRNA molecules in cells to facilitate localization and quantitative studies. Here we present a modified protocol for mRNA labelling in Arabidopsis root meristem cells that retains GFP fluorescence. Although the processing steps impact GFP intensity, this protocol demonstrates visualization of RNA together with highly expressed protein. This protocol is presented together with simplified image analysis steps that aim to support inexperienced cell biologists through from experimental set up to mRNA quantification.
Experimentos preliminares en la hibridación de especies comestibles de Passiflora
Authors: Albert de Escobar Linda
Published: January 2023

Cinco especies de Passiflora (passifloraceae) fueron utilizadas en experimentos de hibridación con Passiflora mollisima (curuba) como pariente femenino, con el fin de probar la factibilidad de utilizar esta técnica para mejorar la curuba. A diferencia de los experimentos reportados en la literatura con especies de Passiflora subgénero Granadilla, los acá reportados con especies del subgénero Tacsonia, tuvieron resultados bastante aceptables, lo que da bases para seguir una investigacón más amplia en este campo.
Patent activity in the field of decarbonization technologies
Authors: Sadriev A. R. , Kuzmin M. S.
Published: January 2023

Purpose: the aim of the research is to explore the global trends in the development of the inventive space in the field of decarbonization and to identify the degree of their compliance with the patterns of patent activity in the Russian economy.

Methods: patent data for the period 2010–2022, aggregated by the search engines of Rospatent, the World Intellectual Property Organization, Google Patents, Espacenet and Questel Orbit, were used to conduct the research. The analysis of global inventive activity in the field of decarbonization was provided for Class Y02, subclass Y04S and group B09 of the Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC). The analysis of patenting pattern in the Russian economy was performed in accordance with the codes of the IPC Green Inventory. The relative technological advantages of Russia in the development of technologies to achieve carbon neutrality are analyzed on the basis of data from the RTA (Revealed Technology Advantage) index.

Results: it was established that the high dynamics of global inventive activity in the field of decarbonization has not yet led to a multiple gap between patents and patent families, which indicates that a large volume of technological developments in the field of carbon neutrality are at relatively early stages of market maturity. It was determined that the leading positions of developers of relevant technological solutions are shifting from Japanese to Chinese and South Korean companies that are actively developing such advanced technological directions as energy storage and its production using alternative sources. Russian copyright holders demonstrate a relatively higher specialization in developments for nuclear power and railway transport systems, unlike foreign representatives. The decarbonization areas represented by domestic developments in the field of alternative energy production are characterized by significantly lower values of RTA index.

Conclusions and Relevance: the space of inventive activity in the field of decarbonisation technologies forms the ability to identify and analyse a network of both explicit and non-obvious interrelations of these technologies with developments from other technological fields. This approach determines the possibility of purposeful design interdisciplinary cooperation chains between developers of indirectly correlated technological developments and manufacturers of the end products.
Desenvolvimento de um código computacional para o estudo analítico e numérico do fenômeno da elastoplasticidade unidimensional
Authors: Silveira Evilly Raquel Henrique da , Salviano Adenilda Timóteo , Silva Sebastião Simão da , Souza Taciana Araújo de
Published: January 2023

Neste trabalho estuda-se a elastoplasticidade unidimensional por meio de elementos de barra 1D. Apresenta-se a formulação analítica do modelo elastoplástico com endurecimento isotrópico bem como o algoritmo para simulação do problema. Um código computacional é então escrito na linguagem Scilab. Para a solução das equações não lineares resultantes utilizou-se o método de Newton-Raphson com controle de força constante. Dois exemplos clássicos presentes na literatura são estudados analiticamente e numericamente em detalhes. A convergência entre os resultados analíticos e numéricos validam o estudo e o código numérico desenvolvido.
Elders’ Conversations: Perspectives on Leveraging Digital Technology in Language Revival
Authors: Bishop Melissa
Published: January 2023

In First Nations, Métis, and Inuit (FNMI) communities, Elders are highly regarded as intergenerational transmitters of ancestral language and Indigenous knowledge. Without language revival initiatives, ancestral languages in FNMI communities are at risk of extinction. Leveraging digital technologies while collaborating with Elders can support revival initiatives. Through semi-structured interviews and qualitative analysis, this study addresses how three Elders who use technology in their ancestral language teaching (1) describe the benefits, drawbacks, and preferences of technology; (2) reveal the accuracy with which cultural knowledge is imparted through technology; and (3) view the impact of technology on their role as traditional knowledge keepers and intergenerational language transmitters Findings suggest that while Elders acknowledge the benefits of leveraging digital tools in language revival initiatives, they are concerned about technology’s potential negative impacts on relationality.
Analysis of Prednisolone-Induced Osteoporosis Using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database
Authors: Wakabayashi Wataru , Tanaka Mizuki , Matsumoto Kiyoka , Satake Riko , Inoue Misaki , Yoshida Yu , Oura Keita , Suzuki Takaaki , Iwata Mari , Hasegawa Shiori , Masuta Mayuko , Uranishi Hiroaki , Maezawa Mika , Nakamura Mitsuhiro
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Osteoporosis is an adverse event of prednisolone. This study aimed to assess prednisolone-induced osteoporosis (PIO) profiles and patient backgrounds by analyzing data from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database. Methods: The current study focused only on orally administered prednisolone. PIO was defined using preferred terms from the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. Reporting odds ratio (ROR) at 95% confidence interval (CI) and the time-to-onset profile of PIO were used to evaluate adverse events. Results: The RORs (95% CI) of the female and male subgroups were 4.73 (4.17–5.38) and 2.49 (2.06–3.00), respectively. The analysis of time-to-onset profiles demonstrated that the median values (interquartile range: 25.0–75.0%) of PIO were 136 (74.0–294.0). The prednisolone treatment duration was significantly longer in the PIO patient group than in the non-PIO patient group. The findings suggest that patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and nephrotic syndrome receiving prednisolone have different age-related PIO profiles. Conclusions: Our results suggest that longer prednisolone treatment duration and larger cumulative dose might be risk factors of PIO. The potential risk for PIO should not be overlooked, and careful observation is recommended.
Tratamiento de efluentes de una planta productora de helados usando reactores secuenciales por carga
Authors: Carrasquero Ferrer Sedolfo Jose , Urbina Bustos Sonnia Soraya
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la eficiencia de un reactor por carga secuencial operado en el tratamiento de efluentes de una productora de helados. Se implementaron dos tiempos de 10 y 12 horas, una secuencia operacional anaerobia, aerobia y anóxica, y un tiempo de retención celular de 25 días. Los parámetros fisicoquímicos medidos fueron la demanda química de oxígeno total, nitrógeno amoniacal, nitritos (NO2-), nitratos, ortofosfatos, fósforo total, pH y alcalinidad total al inicio, final de cada fase y salida del reactor para cada tratamiento evaluado. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, los porcentajes de remoción de DQOT estuvieron entre 89,8 y 94,6% para 10 y 12 h, respectivamente, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tiempos aplicados. El SBR fue eficiente para la remoción de los nutrientes presentes en el efluente industrial, alcanzando una remoción máxima de nitrógeno total de 81,0% y de fósforo total de 51,0%.
Current Status and Prospect of Canadian Children’s Literature Research in Korea: Archiving Academic Journal Papers (1991-2022)
Authors:   The Korean Society For Teaching English Literature, Park Jungman
Published: January 2023

Canadian children’s literature has established itself as Canada’s national literature in a relatively short period of about 170 years. While Canada establishing its national identity, national writer and literature represented by Lucy Maud Montgomery’s Anne of Green Gables was born. The process of birth and growth of Canadian children’s literature has been in line with such context of the nation. Understanding the history and current status of Canadian children’s literature requires a macroscopic view of geographical, human, and cultural factors that have shaped the present Canada. Then, what about Canadian children’s literature ‘reserch’ in Korea? What development has Canadian children’s literature research made in Korea? What is the current status? These questions come from the awareness that Canadian children’s literature is still an unfamiliar area in domestic English literature research, and that the research itself is insufficient in quantity and quality. Responding to the questions, this study examines the development and current status of Canadian children’s literature research in Korea, focusing on research papers published in domestic academic journals from 1991 to 2022. Both quantitative analysis of the papers and qualitative analysis of the contents and timely topics covered by the papers will be carried out together. As a conclusion, this study will diagnose the challenges and future prospects left by the current Canadian children’s literature research in Korea.
Study of education and memory of descendants in the quality of additional loading of aqueous plant extracts
Authors: Pavlova О. N. , Gulenko O. N. , Maslyakov V. V. , Kanaeva E. S. , Temkin M. L. , Kirillov A. Yu.
Published: January 2023

As the body ages, free radical processes intensify and the risk of various age-related diseases increases, including memory impairment, as exchange processes in nerve cells deteriorate. The internal antioxidant system, capable of neutralizing free radicals, is not always able to cope with the growing load, and then the supply of antioxidants from outside is necessary. A source of biologically active substances possessing antioxidant activity are plant extracts possessing a pronounced therapeutic effect combined with a minimum of side effects. The purpose of our study was to study the learning and memory of the offspring of rats that received aqueous plant extracts as an additional load. The study of the learning and memory of the offspring of rats that received aqueous plant extracts of Ginkgo biloba, Centella asiatica, Eleutherococcus and a mixture of aqueous extracts of Ginkgo biloba and Centella asiatica was performed on 4-month-old animals, obtained in an experiment from 15 males and 50 females, which in the course of 30 days water extracts were obtained in a dose of 30 mg/100 g of body weight in a volume of 1 ml. The study was carried out with the help of the test "Passive escape with negative (painful) reinforcement". Conclusions: the offspring of rats that received as an additional load intragastric mixture of aqueous extracts of Ginkgo biloba and Centella asiatica are characterized by the best indicators of learning and memory, compared to the offspring of animals of the control group, and rats that received aqueous extracts of Ginkgo biloba, Centella asiatica and Eleutherococcus separately.
Approche méthodologique pour une ouverture à la mer du bassin versant de la Saudraye et des étangs du Loch à Guidel plages (Morbihan)
Authors: PRIOLET Olivier
Published: January 2023

Situé à l’exutoire du bassin versant de la Saudraye à Guidel (Morbihan) et à l’aval de la Réserve naturelle régionale du Loch, l’ouvrage de sortie en mer du Loch ne respecte pas la règlementation en matière de continuité écologique. Sa mise en conformité implique une reconnexion du marais du Loch à la mer et des impacts multiples en termes de responsabilités juridiques, urbanistiques, écologiques, ou encore financières. Missionnée pour coordonner le projet, la communauté d’agglomération de Lorient développe une approche méthodologique préalable pour faciliter la réussite du projet en lien avec un réseau d’acteurs institutionnels multiples et pérenniser la gestion de l’ouvrage in fine.
Simple but Powerful: Viroids can Hijack their Host Cells’ Metabolism due to Greater Gibbs Energy Dissipation
Authors: Popovic Marko
Published: January 2023

Viroids represent the simplest, but are also among the most interesting life-like forms. They represent a great problem in agriculture. Moreover, pathogens similar to viroids, such as the hepatitis Delta virus represent a risk for human health. Viroids encode no proteins, but are still able to hijack their host cells’ metabolism to perform multiplication. This paper attempts to reply three questions about viroids. First, how can viroids hijack their host cells’ metabolism, even though they encode no proteins to achieve this? Second, what advantages do viroids have from their simplicity? Third, what can viroids, as the simplest life-like forms, tell us about life as a natural phenomenon? These questions are discussed from the perspective of biothermodynamics. In order to do this, elemental composition, biosynthesis reactions and standard thermodynamic properties of viroids have been determined and analyzed.
Combination of Farnesol with Common Antifungal Drugs: Inhibitory Effect against Clinical Isolates of Candida Species
Authors: Nikoomanesh Fatemeh , Falahati Mahsa , Santos André Luis Souza Dos , Rodrigues Célia Fortuna , Mohammadi Shahla Roudbar , Rafiee Mitra , Černáková Lucia , Roudbary Maryam
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a mucous membrane infection, with an increased rate of antifungal resistance of Candida species. The in vitro efficacy of farnesol alone or in combination with traditional antifungals, against resistant Candida strains recovered from women with VVC was assessed. In this study, 80 Candida isolats were identified by multi-plex PCR. Antifungal sus-ceptibility of amphotericin B (AMB), fluconazole (FLU), itraconazole (ITZ), voriconazole (VOR), clotrimazole (CTZ) and farnesol was tested by M27-A3/S4 broth micro dilution method. The combinations of farnesol with each antifungal were calculated based on the fractional inhibitor concentration index (FICI). C. glabrata was the predominant species (48.75%) isolated from vaginal discharges, followed by C. albicans (43.75%), C. parapsilosis (3.75%), mixed infection of C. albicans and C. glabrata (2.5%), C. albicans and C. parapsilosis (1%). C. albicans and C. glabrata isolates had lower susceptibility to FLU (31.4% and 23.0%, respectively) and CTZ (37.1% and 33.3%, respectively). Importantly, there was ‟synergismˮ between farnesol-FLU and farnesol-ITZ against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis (FICI= 0.5 and 0.35, respectively), reverting the original azole resistant profile. These findings indicate that farnesol is able to revert to the resistance profile of azole by enhancing the activity of FLU and ITZ in resistant isolates, which is a promising result.
Giant angular Nernst Effect in the Organic Metal α-(BEDT-TT)2KHg(SCN)4
Authors: Krstovska Danica , Choi Eun Sang , Steven Eden
Published: January 2023

We have detected a large Nernst effect in the CDW state of the multiband organic metal α−(BEDT−TT)2KHg(SCN)4. We find that there exists a significant gradient of charge relaxation processes that can generate a sizeable contribution adding especially to the transverse thermoelectric signal. Apart from the phonon drag, the energy relaxation processes governing the electron-phonon interactions and the momentum relaxation processes governing the charge mobility of the q1D group of carriers have a significant role in observing the large Nernst signal in the CDW state. The emphasised momentum relaxation dynamics in the low field CDW state is a clear indicator of a significant carrier mobility that can lead to the largest Nernst signal in this state. The momentum relaxation is reduced with increasing angle and magnetic field, i.e., in the high field CDW state which is reflected in the smaller Nernst effect amplitude. In this case only the phonon drag and electron-phonon interactions are contributing to the transverse thermoelectric signal. Our findings advance and change the previous observations on the complex properties of this organic metal.
THE LEGAL STATUS AND LEGAL PROTECTION TOWARDS CLIMATE REFUGEES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW: A STUDY OF IOANE TEITIOTA CASE
Authors: Fauziyah Najla Nur
Published: January 2023

This study aims to examine the legal status of climate refugees in international law according to the Ioane Teitiota case and how international law in general protects climate refugees. This study is a normative legal research. The types of approach used are statute, case, and conceptual approaches. The legal materials of this study comprise of primary, secondary, and tertiery legal materials. In collecting data this study used the library research data collection technique. The analysis technique used is the inductive reasoning method. The results of this study reveal that the 1951 Refugee Convention is unable to accommodate climate refugees. However, UN Human Rights Committee in its reccomendation acknowledges the effects of climate change as one of the determining factor for the affected persons to seek asylum in other countries which triggers the enforcement of non-refoulement principle. The protection under international law towards climate refugees derive from state obligation to comply with the non-refoulement principle, ad hoc aids from other states influenced by Nansen Initiative’s Protection Agenda, and the tangible protections provided by UNHCR and its cooperation with local authorities.
Tourism Bus Rental Application Design in PO. Padi Mas Using the Prototype Method
Authors: Jaya Dafit Setiawan , Indahyanti Uce
Published: January 2023

PO. Padi Mas is a company engaged in a tourism bus rental. Due to the large number of tourism bus procurements that need to be handled, a tool is needed, but in PO. Padi Mas, which is engaged in the transportation of bus rental systems, still uses manual processes in the payment system, data collection, and bus orders made by consumers, so it takes time for employees in this regard. Based on the existing problems, the author intends to create a web-based tourism bus rental application, aiming that the system used can further facilitate employee performance. The method used in software development is using the prototype method. The results of this study are web-based applications that are able to provide solutions to problems that exist in PO. Padi Mas assists customers in ordering buses and assisting PO. Padi Mas in administrative records has become more efficient.
Determinación de la proporción de Hymenolepis nana en hamsteres de las especies Phodopus sungorus y Mesocricetus auratus de cuatro tiendas de mascota ubicadas en el centro de Lima
Authors:   , Muñoz Huamán Christy Rocio
Published: January 2023

Hymenolepis nana es un parásito importante en roedores y es de gran relevancia en salud pública por su potencial zoonótico. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la proporción de Hymenolepis nana en dos especies de hámsteres (Phodopus sungorus y Mesocricetus auratus) en cuatro tiendas de mascota localizadas en Cercado de Lima. En total se examinaron 63 lotes de hámsteres semanalmente por 11 semanas consecutivas, contabilizando una población total de aproximadamente 1308 hámsteres. Las muestras fueron analizadas mediante el método de flotación, usando una mezcla de la solución de azúcar y sal, y la identificación de los huevos de Hymenolepis nana se realizó por su morfología mediante la observación y medición. De las 63 muestras, una salió positiva. La proporción de lotes positivos a huevos de Hymenolepis nana fue de 1.58%. Se concluye que la presencia de huevos de Hymenolepis nana en las tiendas seleccionadas son menores que las reportadas en estudios de otros países sin embargo supone un potencial zoonótico.
Development and Field Test of Novel Expandable Surface Conductor in Deepwater Oil and Gas Wells
Authors: Zhang Minghe , Yang Jin , Wang Yuanming , Zhou Yisu , Yang Yuxiang , Fu Chao
Published: January 2023

Jetting of surface conductor installation has become a popular method in the offshore oil and gas industry. However, wellhead sinking, tilting, and other instability problems still exist due to the insufficient bearing capacity of the conductor, resulting in substantial economic losses. Based on the traditional installation process, a novel expandable surface conductor technology is put forward, which can effectively increase the surface area of the conductor, change the bearing capacity mechanism between the conductor and the surrounding soil, strengthen the bearing capacity of the conductor, and reduce the risk of wellhead instability, which is an economical, safe, and efficient method. First, the delayed expansion material in water was evaluated and selected, and the volume change of expansion material with time under different temperatures and pressures was measured by laboratory experiment. The calculation model has been established for the ultimate bearing capacity of the expandable surface conductor considering the volume expansion effect, and experiments of field application have also been performed in the 1500-m water depth area. The application practice shows that the theoretical predictions are consistent with the actual situation. Using the novel expandable surface conductor, the surface area of the surface conductor can be increased by more than 15% and the bearing capacity can be increased by more than 20%. The expandable surface conductor can meet the requirements of field construction, reduce the setting depth and number of surface conductors, and can significantly increase the bearing capacity of subsea wellheads, thus providing technical support for increasing the efficiency of deepwater drilling while reducing costs.
Relationship of cognition and Alzheimer’s disease with gastrointestinal tract disorders: a large-scale genetic overlap and Mendelian randomisation analysis
Authors: Adewuyi Emmanuel O , O’Brien Eleanor K. , Porter Tenielle , Laws Simon M
Published: January 2023

Background
Emerging observational evidence suggests links between cognitive impairment and a range of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders; however, mechanisms underlying their relationships remain unclear. Leveraging several large-scale genome-wide association studies summary statistics, we comprehensively assessed genetic overlap and potential causality of cognitive traits and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with GIT disorders.
Method
We assessed the global and local genetic correlation of ten cognitive traits (sample size [n] = 68,065–766,345) and AD (n = 455,258) with six GIT disorders (n = 332,601–456,327), using the linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and the Local Analysis of [co]Variant Association (LAVA) methods, respectively. We utilised the bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis method to investigate the potential causality between cognitive traits and GIT disorders. Also, we performed gene-based analyses and assessed the gene-level genetic overlap between cognitive traits and GIT disorders.
Results
LDSC reveals a strong and highly significant inverse global genetic correlation between all cognitive traits and GIT disorders—peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastritis-duodenitis, diverticulosis, irritable bowel syndrome, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), but not inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). LAVA detects 35 significant (P < 4.37 × 10− 5) bivariate local genetic correlations, across 14 loci, between cognitive traits, AD and GIT disorders (including IBD). MR analysis suggests a risk-decreasing causality of educational attainment, intelligence, cognitive performance and other cognitive traits on PUD, and GERD but not IBD. Also, we found a putative causal association of GERD with cognitive function decline. These findings were supported by other MR models and sensitivity analyses. Genes with nominal association (Pgene < 0.05) were significantly enriched (Pbinomial−test = 1.18 × 10− 3 – 2.20 × 10− 16), across GIT disorders (IBD inclusive), AD, and cognitive traits—evidence of gene-level genetic overlap.
Conclusion
Our study reveals highly significant negative global and local genetic correlations of all cognitive traits with all GIT disorders, except IBD. Findings highlights causally protective roles of cognitive traits on PUD, and GERD, and a putative causal association of GERD with cognitive function decline. Identified local genetic correlations enhance novel insights, especially, into IBD’s relationship with cognitive traits and AD, characterising important targets for further investigations.
Comparison of systemic morphine, nalbuphine, and epidural analgesia on acute and chronic postoperative pain in laparoscopic colorectal surgery: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jiang Yan , Liang Xiao-Long , Sun Shu-Fang , Liu Hong-Liang
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Postoperative pain and complications are still common after colorectal surgery, and pain can put patients in a stressful condition and precipitate complications. Thus, sufficient postoperative analgesia is essential for patient recovery. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of various postoperative analgesic strategies in laparoscopic colorectal surgery，and to elucidate whether systemic nalbuphine is a good choice for laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
Patients and methods: One hundred patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery were recruited, and 69 patients were eventually included and randomly divided into three groups: patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with ropivacaine (Group R, n=23), patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with morphine (Group M, n=23) or nalbuphine (Group N, n=23). Pain at rest (PAR), movement-evoked pain (MEP), stress hormone and complications during the 72 hours after surgery, and chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) at 3 months and 6 months were recorded.
Results: There was no significant difference in PAR among the 3 groups, whereas patients in Group N had a higher intensity of MEP than those in Group R during the 72 hours after surgery (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in CPSP at 6 months among the 3 groups (P>0.05), but the incidence of CPSP at 3 months was higher in Group N (P=0.01, vs Group R), and CPSP at 3 months was closely correlated with MEP (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels among the 3 groups (P>0.05). The incidences of pruritus and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were found to be significantly higher in Group M than in the other two groups (P<0.05). The time to the first flatus after surgery was shorter in Group R than in Group M or Group N (P<0.05).
Conclusion: PCEA is the first choice for postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Regarding the similar analgesic effect between morphine and nalbuphine, and the higher side effects from morphine, PCIA with nalbuphine might be a better choice in patients who have contraindications for PCEA or with a history of or a high risk for PONV or pruritus.
Trial registration: This study was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn/usercenter.aspx (registration No: ChiCTR-INR-17011092) on 08/04/2017.
Circulating Mid-regional Proadrenomedullin is a predictor of mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Na , Liu Lushan , He Wei , Shang Na , Li Junyu , Qin Zhou , Du Xiaoxia
Published: January 2023

Background
Although there is increasing understanding of the changes in the laboratory parameters of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the correlation between circulating Mid-regional Proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) and clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of MR-proADM in patients with COVID-19.
Methods
The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, SinoMed and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched from 1 January 2020 to 20 March 2022 for relevant literature. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) was used to assess quality bias, STATA was employed to pool the effect size by a random effects model, and potential publication bias and sensitivity analyses were performed.
Results
14 studies comprising 1822 patients with COVID-19 met the inclusion criteria, there were 1145 males and 677 females, and the mean age was 64.8 years. The concentration of MR- proADM was compared between the survivors and nonsurvivors in 9 studies and the difference was significant (P < 0.01), I2 = 46%. The combined sensitivity was 0.88 [0.81–0.93], and the combined specificity was 0.77 [0.65–0.86]. We drew the SROC curve and calculated the AUC = 0.90 [0.87–0.93]. An increase of 1 nmol/L of MR-proADM was independently associated with a more than threefold increase in mortality (odds ratio 3.03, 95% confidence interval 2.26–4.06, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.633). The predictive value of MR-proADM for death was better than many other biomarkers.
Conclusion
MR- proADM had a very good predictive value for the poor prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Increased levels of MR-proADM were independently associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients and may allow a better risk stratification.
ENSO-driven abrupt phase shift in North Atlantic Oscillation in early January
Authors: Kug Jong-Seong , Geng Xin , Zhao Jiuwei
Published: January 2023

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnections exhibit a strong dependency on seasonally and intraseasonally varying mean states, which leads to impactful short-term variations in regional climate. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-ENSO relation is a typical example, in that its phase relationship reverses systematically between the early and late winter. Here based on observations and an ensemble of atmosphere-only climate model simulations, we first reveal that this NAO phase reversal occurs synchronously in early January, which indicates strong abruptness. We demonstrate that this abrupt NAO phase reversal is caused by the change in ENSO-induced Rossby wave-propagating direction from northeastward to southeastward over the northeastern North American region, which is largely governed by a climatological alteration of the local jet meridional shear. We also provide evidence that the North Atlantic intrinsic eddy–low-frequency flow feedback further facilitates and amplifies the NAO responses. This abrupt NAO phase reversal signal is strong enough during the ENSO winter to be useful for intraseasonal climate forecasting in the Euro-Atlantic region.