bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential Developmental Associations of Material Hardship Exposure and Adolescent Amygdala–Prefrontal Cortex White Matter Connectivity
Authors: Hardi Felicia A. , Goetschius Leigh G. , Peckins Melissa K. , Brooks-Gunn Jeanne , McLanahan Sara S. , McLoyd Vonnie , Lopez-Duran Nestor L. , Mitchell Colter , Hyde Luke W. , Monk Christopher S.
Published: December 2021

Accumulating literature has linked poverty to brain structure and function, particularly in affective neural regions; however, few studies have examined associations with structural connections or the importance of developmental timing of exposure. Moreover, prior neuroimaging studies have not used a proximal measure of poverty (i.e., material hardship, which assesses food, housing, and medical insecurity) to capture the lived experience of growing up in harsh economic conditions. The present investigation addressed these gaps collectively by examining the associations between material hardship (ages 1, 3, 5, 9, and 15 years) and white matter connectivity of frontolimbic structures (age 15 years) in a low-income sample. We applied probabilistic tractography to diffusion imaging data collected from 194 adolescents. Results showed that material hardship related to amygdala–prefrontal, but not hippocampus–prefrontal or hippocampus–amygdala, white matter connectivity. Specifically, hardship during middle childhood (ages 5 and 9 years) was associated with greater connectivity between the amygdala and dorsomedial pFC, whereas hardship during adolescence (age 15 years) was related to reduced amygdala–orbitofrontal (OFC) and greater amygdala–subgenual ACC connectivity. Growth curve analyses showed that greater increases of hardship across time were associated with both greater (amygdala–subgenual ACC) and reduced (amygdala–OFC) white matter connectivity. Furthermore, these effects remained above and beyond other types of adversity, and greater hardship and decreased amygdala–OFC connectivity were related to increased anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results demonstrate that the associations between material hardship and white matter connections differ across key prefrontal regions and developmental periods, providing support for potential windows of plasticity for structural circuits that support emotion processing.
Distinct Brain Mechanisms for Conflict Adaptation within and across Conflict Types
Authors: Yang Guochun , Wang Kai , Nan Weizhi , Li Qi , Zheng Ya , Wu Haiyan , Liu Xun
Published: December 2021

Cognitive conflict, like other cognitive processes, shows the characteristic of adaptation, that is, conflict effects are attenuated when immediately following a conflicting event, a phenomenon known as the conflict adaptation effect (CAE). One important aspect of CAE is its sensitivity to the intertrial coherence of conflict type, that is, behavioral CAE occurs only if consecutive trials are of the same conflict type. Although reliably observed behaviorally, the neural mechanisms underlying such a phenomenon remains elusive. With a paradigm combining the classic Simon task and Stroop task, this fMRI study examined neural correlates of conflict adaptation both within and across conflict types. The results revealed that when the conflict type repeated (but not when it alternated), the CAE-like neural activations were observed in dorsal ACC, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), superior parietal lobe, and so forth (i.e., regions within typical task-positive networks). In contrast, when the conflict type alternated (but not when it repeated), we found CAE-like neural deactivations in the left superior frontal gyri (i.e., a region within the typical task-negative network). Network analyses suggested that the regions of ACC, IFG, superior parietal lobe, and superior frontal gyrus can be clustered into two antagonistic networks, and the ACC–IFG connection was associated with the within-type CAE. This evidence suggests that our adaptation to cognitive conflicts within a conflict type and across different types may rely on these two distinct neural mechanisms.
Distributed and Multifaceted Effects of Threat and Safety
Authors: Murty Dinavahi V. P. S. , Song Songtao , Morrow Kelly , Kim Jongwan , Hu Kesong , Pessoa Luiz
Published: December 2021

In the present fMRI study, we examined how anxious apprehension is processed in the human brain. A central goal of the study was to test the prediction that a subset of brain regions would exhibit sustained response profiles during threat periods, including the anterior insula, a region implicated in anxiety disorders. A second important goal was to evaluate the responses in the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminals, regions that have been suggested to be involved in more transient and sustained threat, respectively. A total of 109 participants performed an experiment in which they encountered “threat” or “safe” trials lasting approximately 16 sec. During the former, they experienced zero to three highly unpleasant electrical stimulations, whereas in the latter, they experienced zero to three benign electrical stimulations (not perceived as unpleasant). The timing of the stimulation during trials was randomized, and as some trials contained no stimulation, stimulation delivery was uncertain. We contrasted responses during threat and safe trials that did not contain electrical stimulation, but only the potential that unpleasant (threat) or benign (safe) stimulation could occur. We employed Bayesian multilevel analysis to contrast responses to threat and safe trials in 85 brain regions implicated in threat processing. Our results revealed that the effect of anxious apprehension is distributed across the brain and that the temporal evolution of the responses is quite varied, including more transient and more sustained profiles, as well as signal increases and decreases with threat.
The Double Entendre of Paul’s Trade as σκηνοποιός (Acts 18:3)
Authors: Shin W. Gil
Published: December 2021

The word σκηνοποιός (Acts 18:3), a hapax legomenon, has been the subject of intense scrutiny because it may disclose the socio-economic nature of Paul’s trade. However, attempts to reconstruct historically his trade have not confidently identified its accurate historical reference. Since this difficulty derives from Luke’s choice of vocabulary—he uses a word that is very rare in the canon of Greco-Roman literature—this study attends to the word’s rhetorical setting that may explain Luke’s lexical choice. This choice would enhance the word’s symbolic value although weakening its referential value. Σκηνοποιός is plausibly an instance of Lukan etymological wordplay that draws on the continued symbolism of σκηνή in Luke-Acts—a term that captures Luke’s restoration eschatology.
The Commodities Fetish? Financialisation and Finance Capital in the US Oil Industry
Authors: Hanieh Adam
Published: December 2021

This article explores the financialisation of the world’s most important commodity, oil. It argues that much of the literature on the financialisation of commodities tends to adopt a dualistic approach to financial markets and physical producers, where financial and non-financial activities are assumed to be externally-related and counterposed to one another. The article locates the roots of this analytical separation in a mistaken acceptance of the fetish character of interest-bearing capital (IBC) – a view that the exchange of loanable sums of capital represents a relationship between money-capitalists rather than a relationship to the moment of production. Against such dichotomous readings, the article argues that the financialisation of oil needs to be understood as part of the reworking of ownership and control across the oil commodity circuit, expressed through the combined centralisation and concentration of capital over the money, productive and commercial moments. This argument is demonstrated through an original empirical investigation of the US oil industry, including 20 years of weekly trading data on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) and a detailed study of more than 160 oil and energy-related firms in the US. By mapping the structural weight and connections between different capitalist actors involved in accumulation across the oil sector, we gain a better understanding of the ultimate dynamics (and beneficiaries) of the carbon economy.
Syria
Authors: Bellamy Alex J.
Published: December 2021

The Syrian civil war stands as the most serious failure of the responsibility to prevent since the adoption of R2P in 2005. As the war has continued, there have been atrocities and abuse committed against vulnerable populations on a widespread and systematic scale. This article focuses on the atrocity prevention efforts undertaken in the first phase of the crisis from March 2011 to August 2012. It shows that while there were multiple tools utilized by a range of local, regional, and international actors, none of them had a lasting impact on the commission of atrocity crimes in Syria. This failure is due to five principal reasons. First, engagement to prevent atrocities came too late. Second, domestic and regional conditions were not conducive to prevention. Third, there was little reason for the warring parties to compromise. Fourth, there was a disconnect between what Western states wanted to achieve in Syria and what they were prepared to do about it. And fifth, the UN’s envoys had limited options for engagement.
Conclusions
Authors: Bellamy Alex J. , Šimonović Ivan
Published: December 2021

The prevention of atrocity crimes is the cornerstone of R2P. Yet, how prevention works in practice is little understood. In practice, multiple actors at different levels employ multiple prevention tools simultaneously which relate to, and impact upon, the regional, national and local contexts in which atrocity crime risk is evident. Strengthening preventive action requires better understanding of the combination of measures employed and how these measures interact and affect the risk of atrocity crimes. Recognising the growing gap between the promise and practice of atrocity prevention, the UN Office on Genocide Prevention and R2P commissioned a series of case studies to evaluate atrocity prevention efforts, covering the countries of Burundi, Central African Republic, Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea, Kenya, Myanmar, South Sudan and Syria. From these studies, four main lessons become apparent. One, imminently apprehended atrocity crimes are preventable. Two, best outcomes are achieved when atrocity prevention is made a priority. Three, unity of purpose is essential. And four, atrocity prevention relies on several factors, some of which are outside the control of those undertaking prevention. These lessons mean that while atrocity prevention is difficult, it is possible.
Triangular Francs: The Eisenhower Administration’s Complicated Franco-American-South Vietnamese System of Foreign Aid to Saigon
Authors: Maguire Lori
Published: December 2021

This article examines the little-known system of foreign aid that the Eisenhower administration called “triangular trade.” Created to increase development aid without specific Congressional authorization, U.S. officials managed it chaotically and often secretly. This article analyzes U.S. application of this policy in relations with France, focusing on an examination of “triangular francs” whose most important manifestation occurred in South Vietnam. It tries to understand the complicated and often contentious relationships between the three nations with respect to “triangular francs,” illustrating its often neo-colonial aspects. After first presenting the system, the article proceeds to examine each of the three participants’ role in it and reservations about it. In particular, it seeks to show how Saigon’s leaders sought to influence the system to make it more advantageous to them and the impact this had on both Paris and Washington.
Between Machine and Man: The Question of Creation in the Transmission of Western Mechanical Knowledge in Seventeenth-Century China (A Case Study)
Authors: Wang Wenfei
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to explore how the Jesuit missionaries and their Chinese supporters negotiated the tension between mechanical knowledge, along with its embedded theological implications and the Chinese worldview by examining the Yuanxi qiqi tushuo luzui 遠西奇器圖說錄最 and the biography of a Chinese inventor Huang Lüzhuang 黃履莊 in the context of the polemical debates on Christianity in seventeenth century China. Centring on the concept of creation, I demonstrate how the understanding of machine or automata relates to broader questions regarding the natural world and human agency at the juncture of intellectual transformations in both Europe and China: While some European thinkers, inspired by machines, promoted the worldview of a passive nature analogous to machine, concepts of unity and spontaneity provided the Chinese with an opportunity to account for the autonomy of the machine as something operating in accordance with the self-generating natural world.
3D printed geometrically tessellated sheets with origami-inspired patterns
Authors: Wickeler Anastasia L. , Naguib Hani E.
Published: December 2021

This study demonstrates that the impact energy absorption capabilities of flexible sheets can be significantly enhanced by implementing tessellated designs into their structure. Configurations of three tessellated geometries were tested; they included a triangular-based, a rectangular-based, and a novel square-based pattern. Due to their geometrical complexity, multiple configurations of these tessellations were printed from a rubber-like material using an inkjet printer with two different thicknesses (2 and 4 mm), and their ability to absorb impact energy was compared to an unpatterned inkjet-printed sheet. In addition, the effect of multi-sheets stacking was also tested. Due to the tailored structure, the impact testing showed that the single-layer sheets were more effective at absorbing impact loads, and experience less deformation, than their two-layer counterparts. The 4 mm thick tessellated patterns were most effective at absorbing impact loads; all three thick patterns measured about 40% lower impact forces transferred to the base of the samples compared to the unpatterned counterparts.
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia diagnosed by enteroscopy: a case report
Authors: Rey Margarita , Salazar Johana Milena , Leal Drixie Dalyla , Sierra Fernando , Pérez Erika , De la Hoz Jose , Reyes Gustavo Adolfo , Vásquez Roldán Mariana
Published: December 2021

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a very rare autosomal dominant multisystemic disease. Patients with this disease usually present with punctate mucocutaneous telangiectasias and arteriovenous malformations. The diagnostic criteria currently in use are the Curaçao criteria. HHT is considered a clinical diagnosis; thus, no imaging or preclinical laboratory is mandatory, and diagnosis and management are performed according to the experience of the treating team. We herein describe a 58-year-old man with no significant medical history who presented with a 15-day history of intermittent hematochezia. He was admitted to the hospital and underwent a series of laboratory tests, including colonoscopy, which showed normal results. Therefore, the patient was discharged with a diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding. During his second visit to the emergency room, the doctors requested video capsule endoscopy because of the patient’s history, and a diagnosis of HHT was made. The entire approach and treatment were completed with antegrade double-balloon enteroscopy. This case highlights the importance of endoscopic methods for timely diagnosis and proper management.
More Thoughts About Concept Analysis: A Different Approach
Authors: Fawcett Jacqueline
Published: December 2021

The author of this essay presents a new approach to concept analysis based on the usage pattern of words, in contrast to literature-based analysis of concepts. This new approach is based on the premise that words exist, whereas concepts do not exist.
Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory: Relevance and Need for Refinement
Authors: Hartweg Donna L. , Metcalfe Sharie A.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this article is to highlight the relevance of Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (SCDNT) in contemporary and future practice, explicitly within the global self-care movement and interprofessional healthcare. The authors discuss the relevance and important strengths within Orem’s nursing theory and recommend theoretical refinement within the context of significant societal and healthcare transformation. The constructs of global people-centered care and population health, with related social determinants of health, are identified as critical areas for development if SCDNT is to have continued relevance for nursing practice. Implications for theoretical thinking and nursing education are recommended.
Up-frameshift Protein 1 Promotes Tumor Progression by Regulating Apoptosis and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Binlie , Wang Huaiming , Li Danfeng , Lin Xiaosheng , Ma Zhiyan , Zeng Yongming
Published: December 2021

Background: Recently, accumulating evidence confirmed that up-frameshift protein 1 (UPF1) was aberrantly expressed in various cancers. However, the molecular mechanism mediated by UPF1 underlying colorectal carcinogenesis remains unclear. Method: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to determine the expression level of UPF1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. CCK-8, EdU, transwell assay, and flow cytometry were performed to investigate the biological significance of UPF1. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis associated markers were detected by western blotting. Results: We found that UPF1 expression was upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines. Clinical analysis revealed that high UPF1 expression was positively correlated with advanced stage, lymph node metastasis and shorter survival. Knockdown of UPF1 suppressed cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Functionally, UPF1 promotes tumor metastasis by inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Further investigations revealed that knockdown of UPF1 promoted apoptosis through triggering DNA damage. Conclusions: Taken together, this research revealed that UPF1 plays an oncogenic role in CRC via regulating EMT and apoptosis and may be a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
The Impact of COVID‐19 on Head and Neck Cancer Treatment: Before and During the Pandemic
Authors: Solis Roberto N. , Mehrzad Mehrnaz , Faiq Samya , Frusciante Roberto P. , Sekhon Harveen K. , Abouyared Marianne , Bewley Arnaud F. , Farwell D. Gregory , Birkeland Andrew C.
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To describe the impact that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic had on the presentation of patients with head and neck cancer in a single tertiary care center.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Academic institution.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of patients with newly diagnosed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who presented as new patients between September 10, 2019, and September 11, 2020. Patients presenting during the 6 months leading up to the announcement of the pandemic (pre–COVID‐19 period) on March 11, 2020, were compared to those presenting during the first 6 months of the pandemic (COVID‐19 period). Demographics, time to diagnosis and treatment, and tumor characteristics were analyzed.

Results

There were a total of 137 patients analyzed with newly diagnosed malignancies. There were 22% fewer patients evaluated during the COVID‐19 timeframe. The groups were similar in demographics, duration of symptoms, time to diagnosis, time to surgery, extent of surgery, and adjuvant therapy. There was a larger proportion of tumors classified as T3/T4 (61.7%) in the COVID‐19 period vs the pre–COVID‐19 period (40.3%) (P =. 024), as well as a larger median tumor size during the COVID‐19 period (P =. 0002). There were no differences between nodal disease burden (P =. 48) and distant metastases (P =. 42).

Conclusion

Despite similar characteristics, time to diagnosis, and surgery, our findings suggest that there was an increase in primary tumor burden in patients with HNSCC during the early COVID‐19 pandemic.
Study on the enlargement index of femtosecond laser-assisted capsulorhexis in 2–6-year-old patients with congenital cataract
Authors: Liao Menglian , Guo Da , Liao Shan , Zhang Wenwen , Lin Ding , Tang Qiongyan
Published: December 2021

Background

To identify the capsule enlargement index after femtosecond laser-assisted anterior capsulorhexis in 2–6-year-old children who underwent congenital cataract surgery.

Methods

In this prospective case series study, femtosecond laser-assisted anterior capsulorhexis was performed in patients with congenital cataract, aged 2–6 years. The actual achieved capsulorhexis diameters were measured with Digimizer version 4.2.6. Correlation coefficient (r) and multiple linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the variables that could potentially influence anterior capsulorhexis enlargement index (E).

Results

This prospective study enrolled 28 eyes of 22 patients with congenital cataract. The mean age of the patients at surgery was 4.67 years ±1.54 (standard deviation [SD]). “E” of the 28 cases was 1.211 ± 0.039 (SD). Correlation analysis showed that “E” correlated significantly with the anterior chamber depth (ACD) (r = − 0.469, p = 0.021) and axial length (AL) (r = 0.452, p = 0.027). The following formula was developed by using multivariable linear regression analysis: Predicted E = 1.177–0.052 × ACD + 0.009 × AL, R2 = 0.346 (F = 4.396, p = 0.046).

Conclusions

The anterior capsulorhexis enlargement index and its calculation formula could help to set up an accurate programmed capsulorhexis diameter for femtosecond laser-assisted congenital cataract surgery in children aged 2–6 years. Thus, an appropriate actual capsulorhexis diameter could be achieved.
Depression education fotonovela for engagement of Hispanic patients in treatment: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sanchez Katherine , Eghaneyan Brittany H. , Killian Michael O. , Cabassa Leopoldo J. , Trivedi Madhukar H.
Published: December 2021

Background

We report the primary outcomes from a randomized clinical trial testing a novel culturally-adapted patient education intervention to increase engagement of Hispanic patients in depression treatment. The Depression Education Fotonovela (DEF), Secret Feelings, incorporates popular images, cultural norms, and vivid pictures embedded within a soap opera narrative to increase depression knowledge and dispel myths about treatment. We then assessed engagement in a integrated care treatment model in response to the education intervention and subsequent changes in depression symptoms in a large community-based clinic whose patient population is majority Hispanic.

Method

The sample included 150 adult Hispanic patients with a confirmed diagnosis of depression who were randomly assigned to either: [1] integrated care + fotonovela; or [2] integrated care + standard education. Differences between treatment groups were examined as were changes in depression, anxiety, depression knowledge, and stigma scores over time and engagement in treatment.

Results

Results indicated that while depression scores significantly decreased over time for participants (F [2.811, 416.054] = 197.69, p < .001, η2 = .572), no differences between the two education groups were found (F [1, 148] = 0.70, p = .403, η2 = .005). At 12-month follow-up, 101 patients (80.8%) reported a 50% of greater reduction in depression scores from baseline.

Conclusions

We found little difference between the two education groups, suggesting that either may helpful for engaging Hispanic patients into care. Better tailoring of patient education, with the fotonovela or similarly adapted tools, will require more directly addressing the stigma associated with antidepressant medication.

Trial registration

The study was registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02702596, on 03/20/2016. Retrospectively registered.
Capture - recapture based study on the completeness of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis reporting in southwest Iran during 2016
Authors: Amiri Homayoun , Mohammadi Mohammad Javad , Alavi Seyed Mohammad , Salmanzadeh Shokrolah , Hematnia Fatemeh , Azar Mahnaz , Rahmatiasl Heydar
Published: December 2021

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the ten leading causes of death in infectious diseases and one of the ten leading causes of death in the world. For any TB control program, a valid surveillance is essential. In order to assess the status of the assessment, the quality of the record and the completeness of reporting should be assessed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the completeness of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis reporting in Ahvaz, south west of Iran.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 in Ahvaz, southwest Iran. The study was conducted through a three-source Capture recapture method by collecting laboratory, hospital, physician prescription data; including patient referral to the health care center, prescriptions of patients receiving anti-tuberculosis drugs and prescriptions of medical TB diagnostic laboratories, and laboratory prescriptions. Percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to describe the variables. Data analysis was performed using log-linear model in Rcapture package R software.

Results

Generally, 134 new cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were reported through three sources from urban and rural regions during 2016. Pulmonary tuberculosis was reported through three sources from urban and rural regions during 2016. The most common age group was 25 to 44 years and 79.1% of the patient were man. The overall prevalence of new cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis was in persons that lived urban areas (97.8%). The completeness of reporting the disease estimated by log-linear model was 87.5% and the incidence rate was estimated to be 11.8 disease per 100,000 persons. Completeness of reporting of laboratory, hospital and physician resources were 79%, 30% and 16.3%, respectively.

Conclusions

The present study shows the necessity of evaluating the quality, completeness and linkage between data. Linking between data sources can improve the accuracy and completeness of TB surveillance.
Staged transverse preputial island flap urethroplasty for some proximal hypospadias with moderate-to-severe chordee
Authors: Lin Hai , Wang Yu-Yun , Li Shi-Bing , Chen Ze-Ting , Su Liang-Ju
Published: December 2021

Background

We aimed to assess the outcome of staged transverse preputial island flap (TPIF) urethroplasty for repairing certain cases of primary proximal hypospadias with moderate-to-severe chordee in children.

Methods

Nighty-two consecutive boys who underwent either one-stage or staged TPIF urethroplasty for the repair of proximal hypospadias with moderate-to-severe chordee between August 2015 and December 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups: one-stage TPIF urethroplasty group (n = 44) and staged TPIF urethroplasty group (n = 48). We noted and compared the postoperative complications, including urethrocutaneous fistula, urethral diverticula, residual penile curvature, and urethral stricture in both groups.

Results

Both groups were followed up for 1–5 years, with an average of 3 years. No cases of residual or recurrence of penile chordee were reported in either group. In Group A, 9 patients (9/44, 20.4%) had postoperative urethrocutaneous fistula, and all patients underwent urinary fistula repair or urethroplasty. In Group B, postoperative urethrocutaneous fistula occurred in 2 cases (2/48, 4.1%), and one patient developed a urethrocutaneous fistula after the first operation, which was successfully repaired during the second operation. A urethrocutaneous fistula occurred in 1 case after completion of the second-stage operation; urethral fistula repair was performed successfully 6 months later. There were 2 cases of urethral stricture in Group A (2/44, 4.5%) and none in Group B. There were 6 cases of urethral diverticulum in Group A (6/44, 13.6%) and no cases of urethral diverticulum in Group B. The operative success rates were 61.3% and 95.8% in Group A and Group B, respectively (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Compared with one-stage TPIF urethroplasty, staged TPIF urethroplasty in the treatment of certain cases of primary proximal hypospadias with moderate-to-severe chordee resulted in fewer postoperative fistulas, urethral strictures and urethral diverticula. The staged TPIF urethroplasty procedure was effective in reducing the operation difficulty and complication rate of hypospadias, improving the curative effect of complex hypospadias and having good clinical application value.
Social processes in academic-community partnership in health care. A grounded theory study
Authors: Pusa Susanna , Lind Susanne , Häggström Marie
Published: December 2021

Background

International and national guidelines state that palliative care should be offered to everyone who needs it. To promote the implementation of palliative care in nursing homes, a partnership collaboration was initiated with the goal of implementing high quality palliative care. The partnership consisted of three partner groups: a project group from a non-profit organisation providing health care, managers at the nursing homes and an academic partner. The aim was to explore the social processes within academic-community partnership in a collaboration project.

Methods

Digital focus group discussions were conducted with 16 participants, representing all three partner groups. One individual digital interview was also carried out. A constructivist perspective of a grounded theory approach was used for data analysis.

Results

The core category, partnership positioning, covers the social processes of the academic-community partnership in a collaboration project to implement and evaluate health-promoting interventions in clinical health care. The core category was found to have four categories: Pre-positioning, Co-positioning, Re-positioning and GoOn-positioning. The process of partnership positioning is conceptualised in a model.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that a new partnership in an implementation project needs holistic, systemic thinking. To enhance implementation in a collaborative project involving different professionals and actors a plan is required to facilitate positioning activities. The process, the roles and the components need to be clearly defined and documented, and the management of a system requires knowledge of the interrelationships between all the components within the system. The development of a conceptual model of Partnership Positioning contributes to knowledge concerning the social dynamic processes which can be applied to support future academic-community collaboration and/or implementation projects.

Trial registration

Not applicable. The present study has not been considered as a clinical trial.
Poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone) modification mitigates plasma protein corona formation on phosphomolybdate-based nanoparticles
Authors: Yu Youyi , Ghalandari Behafarid , Shen Guangxia , Wang Liping , Liu Xiao , Wang Aiting , Li Sijie , Xie Haiyang , Ding Xianting
Published: December 2021

Phosphomolybdate-based nanoparticles (PMo12-based NPs) have been commonly applied in nanomedicine. However, upon contact with biofluids, proteins are quickly adsorbed onto the NPs surface to form a protein corona, which induces the opsonization and facilitates the rapid clearance of the NPs by macrophage uptake. Herein, we introduce a family of structurally homologous PMo12-based NPs (CDS-PMo12@PVPx(x = 0 ~ 1) NPs) capping diverse content of zwitterionic polymer poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) to regulate the protein corona formation on PMo12-based NPs. The fluorescence quenching data indicate that the introduction of PVP effectively reduces the number of binding sites of proteins on PMo12-based NPs. Molecular docking simulations results show that the contact surface area and binding energy of proteins to CDS-PMo12@PVP1 NPs are smaller than the CDS-PMo12@PVP0 NPs. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) is further applied to analyze and quantify the compositions of the human plasma corona formation on CDS-PMo12@PVPx(x = 0 ~ 1) NPs. The number of plasma protein groups adsorption on CDS-PMo12@PVP1 NPs, compared to CDS-PMo12@PVP0 NPs, decreases from 372 to 271. In addition, 76 differentially adsorption proteins are identified between CDS-PMo12@PVP0 and CDS-PMo12@PVP1 NPs, in which apolipoprotein is up-regulated in CDS-PMo12@PVP1 NPs. The apolipoprotein adsorption onto the NPs is proposed to have dysoponic activity and enhance the circulation time of NPs. Our findings demonstrate that PVP grafting on PMo12-based NPs is a promising strategy to improve the anti-biofouling property for PMo12-based nanodrug design.

Graphical Abstract
Dynamics of a new stage-structured population model with transient and nontransient impulsive effects in a polluted environment
Authors: Quan Qi , Tang Wenyan , Jiao Jianjun , Wang Yuan
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we consider a new stage-structured population model with transient and nontransient impulsive effects in a polluted environment. By using the theories of impulsive differential equations, we obtain the globally asymptotically stable condition of a population-extinction solution; we also present the permanent condition for the investigated system. The results indicate that the nontransient and transient impulsive harvesting rate play important roles in system permanence. Finally, numerical analyses are carried out to illustrate the results. Our results provide effective methods for biological resource management in a polluted environment.
TREATMENT OF A COMBINATION OF DIABETIC POLYNEUROPATHY WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND GOUT
Authors: Tokareva S. , Kupeev R. , Hadarcev Aleksandr , Belyaeva Sof'ya
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the work. To show the expediency of using a complex DPN therapy with thio-gammoy-600 in combination with TPP, B12-ankerman and febuxostat. Materials and research methods. The study involved 28 male patients suffering from DM2 aged 56-77 years, with an av-erage age of 64.6±0.7 years. The initial values of average fasting blood glucose were 7.8 ± 1.52 mmol/l, glycosylated hemoglobin 7.4 ± 0.13%. Two groups were identified: group 1 (main) – 14 people and group 2 (control) - 16 people. In group 2, basic DPN therapy was used (thiogamma 600 mg/day for 4 months). For the first 14 days, the drug was administered intravenously, and then administered orally. In group 1, in addition to basic DPN therapy, B12-ankerman and febuxostat (adenuric) – 80 mg/day were received. TPP was carried out on a portable device TPP-03 for 15 minutes daily. This treatment regimen was used for 4 months. The assessment of the quality of life (QL) was carried out using the MOS SF-36 questionnaire.

Results and their discussion. Four months after the start of therapy, more pronounced changes were observed in patients of the first group. The total score of the NSS scale in this group increased by 28.9%, and in group 2 - by 18.8%. The positive effect of therapy with adenuric and TES on the course of DPN shows that the use of this treatment will naturally lead to an improve-ment in the quality of life of patients, the dynamics of which was studied according to the results of the SF-36 questionnaire.
SEMAX - APPLICATION PROSPECTS (brief overview message)
Authors: Hadarceva K. , Belyaeva Elena
Published: December 2021

A brief overview report on the materials of domestic research, as a priority, shows a brief history of the study of regulatory peptides, in particular Semax. The need to continue scientific research in this direction is due, in addition to somatoform and psychosomatic diseases, complications of var-ious diseases in the form of memory impairment, a decrease in the efficiency of mental labor, the appearance of the same symptoms as a manifestation of postcovid syndrome. It is also expected to develop technologies that enhance the effect of neuropeptides by improving the ways of delivering them to the internal environment of the body, including in obstetric and gynecological pathology.
Modern views on osteoarthritis therapy
Authors: Fatenko A. , Belyaeva Elena
Published: December 2021

The review examines the effect of symptomatic delayed-acting drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hyaluronic acid on the course and progression of osteoarthritis.
A case of early diagnosis of toxic cardiomyopathy in a patient receiving tamoxifen for breast cancer
Authors: Gvela Yu. , Kinyasheva Natal'ya
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of cardiotoxicity of chemotherapy drugs used in cancer patients, the nonspecificity of early clinical manifestations of cardiomyopathy developing against this background, and the search for informative diagnostic techniques to confirm this disease. As an illustration, a clinical case of cardiomyopathy in a young woman who developed against the background of chemotherapy for breast cancer is presented.
Anxiety, Depression and Anger: Application
of a Bifactor Model to Identify Common Symptoms
Authors: Garcia-Batista Zoilo Emilio , Guerra-Peña Kiero , Flores-Kanter Pablo Ezequiel , Moretti Luciana Sofía , Medrano Leonardo
Published: December 2021

Aim of the study

Anger manifestations, depression and anxiety are strongly related to individual´s discomfort and well-being. The aim of the present study is to investigate the fit of a bifactor model applied on emotional disposition measures emphasizing the specification of a general factor through the identification of specific responses or indicators that can account for the communality between depression, anxiety and anger.

Subject or material and methods

One thousand and thirty-four participants from Dominican Republic took part in the study. They were selected by an accidental non-probabilistic sampling procedure. The ages of the participants were between 18 and 80 years old (Mean = 30.85, Standard Deviation = 15.39). Regarding gender, 45.9% (n = 374) were male and 54.1% (n = 441) female.

Results

The results obtained show two large groups of indicators that would be common in these affective disposition types: affective and cognitive responses.

Discussion

On the one hand, affective responses include agitation, irritability, and tension or nervousness.

Conclusions

On the other hand, cognitive symptoms are linked to the presence of repetitive worrying and uncontrollable thoughts. In this way, it is possible to identify a general stress response in this group of indicators.
Like Me, Like My Psychiatry: How Psychiatrists present their professional identities on Instagram
Authors: ayribas basar
Published: December 2021

Aim of the study

Social media platforms like Instagram gained a popularity for healthcare professionals to reach potential clients and patients. This study aims to reveal the nature of Instagram use of psychiatrists in Turkey.

Subject or material and methods

Instagram search function for hashtags and username was used to find psychiatrists who use public accounts. A search between 15.10.2020 – 15.11.2020 were conducted with keywords psikiyatri and psikiyatrist (Turkish words for psychiatry and psychiatrists). A total number of 241 accounts from physicians were reached and after exclusion criteria 124 accounts are included in the study and 30758 total posts were analyzed. Descriptive parameters of the accounts and contents of the shared posts are analyzed and classified further.

Results

52.4% of all psychiatrists were from one of the seven regions of Turkey and 40.3% of all accounts based in one city, Istanbul. Most of the users had a title of specialists (78.2%) and worked predominantly in private practices (66.9%). Almost half of the sample has explicitly stated to offer online therapy option and 10.5% of all accounts posted patient info. Sex therapy was the most common area of specification, followed by couples & family therapy, EMDR and CBT.

Discussion

Instagram use patterns of psychiatrist from Turkey reveal important insights between socioeconomic factors and psychiatry practice. Our findings reveal that Instagram helps colleagues to reach public and to adjust their practice according to the feedbacks from Instagram community.

Conclusions

Instagram has created a unique type of psychiatry practice regarding type of specifications of psychiatrists.
Challenges and difficulties students face during COVID-19 pandemic. Insights from the survey among students of Medical Faculty of Jagiellonian University in Cracow – qualitative data presentation
Authors: Taurogiński Bartłomiej , Chrobak Adrian , Józefik Barbara
Published: December 2021

Aim of the study

Pandemic outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) had significant impact on medical education across Europe. Due to the lockdown-type control measures Universities were forced to adapt to new conditions by unexpectedly switching to on-line teaching. The aim of the study was to explore medical students’ needs, problems, expectations, views on positive aspects of current situation, and attitudes toward on-line teaching, and academic administration during early stages of lock-down.

Subject or material and methods

Investigators created an online survey which received 289 students responses. Survey contained quantitative and qualitative questions. Qualitative data was analyzed using Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) methodology.

Results

20.76% participants responded they needed assistance or help, 49.83% of students reported that situation worsened their studying conditions, 57.79% requested more interest from University administration in current situation, 5% of the students reported being deprived of social support. Following categories has been extracted from qualitative data: struggles students face during pandemic, worries and concerns students report, positive aspects of current situation, students’ hopes and expectancies, on-line classes opinions. Frequencies of most common answers within abovementioned categories were calculated.

Discussion

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Conclusions

To our best knowledge this is the first study presenting complex quantitative and qualitative evaluation of medical students’ situation during COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. According to the acquired data, students faced an anxiety and stress provoking situation that required undertaking special measures. This data is useful in gaining insight into students’ experiences of pandemic and may help as a guidance for planning intervention.
Between parenting and psychotherapy – in search of contiguity.
Authors: Konopka Anna
Published: December 2021

Aim. Parenting and psychotherapy are commonly considered to be entirely divergent phenomena. By comparing the two processes in the search for points of contiguity, this narrative literature review aims to present a different approach. Contemporary views on psychotherapy and parenting were analyzed in terms of definitions, relations, treatment, the role in maintaining health and triggering psychopathology.
Method. A literature review based on a Medline keyword search between 2000-2020.
Conclusions: Available literature review suggests at least three points of contiguity between parenting and psychotherapy: (1) dominant parenting style and its role in the development of future psychopathology, (2) psychotherapy as a process of reversing the adverse effect of parental failures and (3) psychotherapy as a method of supporting parental competence.
Early medieval island-type lake dwellings in north-western Poland: Western Slavonic crannogs?
Authors: Chudziak Wojciech
Published: December 2021

In many regions of Europe there are so-called lake-dwellings, which were described in 1890 by Robert Munro, and have a close spatial and functional relation withinland water systems and seas. Settlements of this type are also known from the area of north-western Poland, where the landscape is dominated by lakes. Characteristicamong them are early medieval settlements entirely occupying small islands located within lake basins (Parsęcko, Żółte and Myślibórz in Pomerania – Pomorze; Nowy Dworek, Chycina and Lubniewice in Lubusz Land – ziemia lubuska). In their external appearance, they resemble British crannogs, especially in their size, the anthropogenic structure of the islands, wooden quays, piers and bridge crossings connecting the islands with the nearby mainland. An important feature of the islands where such structures are sited is their characteristic location – directly on the long-distance routes, in the settlement border zone, in the vicinity of the main watersheds of Lubusz Land andPomerania. They were also part of local settlement clusters, which often included contemporary defensive settlements. They were central places, especially important from the point of view of the identity of local territorial communities. Their functions should be considered not only in the social and political dimension, but probably also in the mythical and sacral one.
The principle of provenance as the principle of rationalization of archives
Authors: Ciechanowski Hadrian Michał
Published: December 2021

The subject of this article is to look at the emergence of the principle of provenance through the prism of the rationalization theories described by Max Weber and Karl Mannheim. Although this is not the first time the subject of the genesis of the principle of provenance and its importance for the development of archives is taken up, it is probably the first attempt to present this topic through the prism of sociological rationalization theories. This article also contributes to a further, broader look at archives through the prism of the macdonaldization theory described by Georg Ritzer, which is intended to show the development of archives in a globalizing world. One of the predecessors and pillars of macdonaldization is precisely bureaucracy. Such an approach allows the presentation of archives against the background of social changes taking place in the 20th and 21st centuries. The article is a theoretical study based on the analysis of the literature on the subject.
Some Brief Remarks on the Controversial Relationship Between the Judiciary and Politics in Italy
Authors: Mangione Gabriella
Published: December 2021

The relationship between the judiciary and the political sphere and the dilemma over whether the judiciary has been a victim of politics, or whether politics has been a victim of the judiciary, have been hot topics for some time in Italy. Since a major scandal engulfed the High Council of the Judiciary, the courts have become the principal focus of the reform efforts of the Draghi Government, which took office in February 2021. The contribution briefly illustrates the figure of the Judicial Power within the Division of Powers and the evolution of the judge’s role within this system. Following a brief premise on the evolution of the role of judges during the last two centuries, the principle of the independence of the judiciary in the Italian Constitution will be outlined before final comments on the controversial relationship between the judiciary and politics.
Herein Lies the Rub with Comparative Law Research – From an American Perspective
Authors: Roscoe Emily , Szypszak Charles
Published: December 2021

The legal community in the United States has good reasons to be interested in the laws of other nations, but there are real barriers to finding and understanding comparative law. This article describes important differences in how law is envisioned in the United States: the pre-eminence of the adopted Constitution as the ultimate statement of rights and government powers, the interpretive role of judges in a unique federalist system, and the importance of case law in learning and talking about the law. This article also describes overarching obstacles that interfere with finding and reading comparative law: the influence of language and culture on formulating and carrying out research enquiries, and the increasingly bewildering array of interferences in accessing law authority and scholarship even when its existence is known.