bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Note sur quelques méthodes d’évaluation de l’inégalité dans la répartition des revenus par groupe, basées sur l’indice Gini
Authors: Frappier-Desrochers Monique , Morgan Ieuan , Ouellet Louise
Published: July 2012

In this paper, we compare three methods presently used to split up the Gini index in order to evaluate the contribution of one particular factor (for example, age) to the value of this index: the B-M-P decomposition*, Paglin's measures and Love & Wolfson indexes. The problem with the decomposition of the Gini index is that it is impossible to cut it in two parts, one, representing the value of inequality attributable to the factor analysed and the second, inequality due to other factors. We also have to include the value of overlaps. This is clearly shown by Bhattacharya and Mahalanobis.

By using a very simple example for which we can forecast the results, we can compare the reaction registered by each method when we introduce a change in the distribution of income and consequently evaluate the lightness of these methods. We confirmed our convictions by decomposing two other measures which can be separated in the two parts mentioned above: Theil's entropy and the square of the coefficient of variation.

We conclude that the indexes used in the B-M-P decomposition are exact. Paglin's age-Gini index is accurate, but not his residue, the Paglin-Gini's index. And, Love and Wolfson's index did not behaved as expected to our modifications.

We also showed, by using the B-M-P decomposition, that overlaps is an important component. Finally, we noted that our indexes changed in value when we changed the number of groups analysed (example: if, to analyse the effect of age we divide our population into 5 or 10 age groups). So, it is important in a longitudinal study always to use the same group definitions to obtain comparable results.

* Bhattacharya, Mahalanobis and Pyratt.
Une analyse économétrique de la demande et de l’offre de dépôts des sociétés de crédit populaire : le cas des Caisses populaires
Authors: Chateau Jean-Pierre D.
Published: July 2012

The aim of the study is to explain Quebec major credit union's deposit market by way of integrating its public demand function with the institution's rate-setting operation. The demand for Caisses' deposits is specified as a dynamic stock adjustment model. On the other hand, the intermediary's rate-setting reduced form is derived from a risk-return portfolio balance model in which the managers maximize the expected utility of reserves. The two models are integrated by means of a liability composite rate.

Econometric estimates of the integrated model provide us with interesting policy insights. For instance, the Quebecois public views chartered banks' deposits as a weak substitute for Caisses' deposits; it is also more responsive to nonrate arguments, such as loan eligibility or the institution's ethnic appeal. On the supply side, competitive liability rates are more important than returns on assets when the Caisses set its deposit rate. Finally, the impact growth imbalance between loans and deposits is well captured by a flow variable, without infringing on the steady determination based on rates.
Fonctions de production agricole au Québec
Authors: Archer André
Published: July 2012

This study attempts to estimate the productivity of inputs to Quebec agriculture. It makes use of two Cobb-Douglas production functions: one aggregate, for Quebec as a whole, and the other regional, covering the farming regions 04 and 11, using 1976 data. From the results obtained, marginal productivities of inputs and returns to scale are determined and interpreted. The principal conclusions of this research are: while returns to scale are increasing for Quebec in general, they are constant for the regions 04 and 11. It ensues that, if there is no breakthrough in technology, there is no reason to change the scale of agricultural production in regions 04 and 11; the productivity of machinery is higher in Quebec than in the regions 04 and 11; livestock productivity is high everywhere; as for land and buildings and other inputs, their productivities are low in Quebec as well as in the farming regions 04 and 11. With respect to labor, its productivity is quite high in Quebec and in the regions 04 and 11. However, labor productivity in region 04 is superior to that in region 11.
Taux d’intérêt à long terme, martingales, et marchés efficients
Authors: Freedman Charles
Published: July 2012

This note discusses some aspects of the relationship between the hypothesis that long-term bond rates follow a martingale process and the hypothesis that the bond market is efficient. It begins with some mathematics of bond prices and interest rates. It then shows that, except in one special case, the hypothesis that bond rates follow a martingale and that bond markets are efficient are theoretically inconsistent. Some empirical work is then adduced that shows that neither hypothesis is supported by the data. It concludes with some brief comments on the literature relating to this subject and some suggestions for further research.
Résultats de scénarios à l’aide d’un modèle à moyen terme de l’économie du Québec
Authors: Rabeau Yves , Morin Normand
Published: July 2012

In this medium term model of the Quebec economy, output in the various sectors of the economy is determined by demand. The different components of final demand take into account the volume exports of Quebec output to the rest of Canada and to the United States. Employment in the various sectors of the economy is determined by the inverse of production function whereas output is distributed among the different economic agents. Income influences final demand. Prices and wages are in part determined endogenously whereas the labour supply, government expenditures, tax rates are treated exogenously in the forecasting period.

The results are generally good and various forecasts are made for the 1978-85 period. Three sets of assumptions define what is called a weak, medium and strong scenario. In all scenarios, we observe a productivity slowdown. If we assume the current trend in the slowdown of the public sector is maintained, employment growth is largely explained by the growth of private sector of the economy. Then, it turns out that in all forecasts, employment growth will allow any significant reduction of the unemployment rate over the forecasting period. Only a major shift in productivity trend which would allow Quebec to take a larger share of the North American market could improve the labour market in the years to come.
Le classement des professions par secteurs d’activité : aperçu critique et présentation d’une nouvelle grille
Authors: Bouchard Gérard , Pouyez Christian , Roy Raymond
Published: July 2012

This article presents, in the first part, a critical review of the literature on this subject. In the second part, a new grid for the classification of occupations is constructed.
Relations entre le commerce international et l’emploi; cas du Québec : 1965-1970
Authors: Lafleur Louis-Robert , Tremblay Rodrigue
Published: July 2012

This article combines the analysis of regional economics, the constant-market-share analysis and the input-output analysis in order to assess the impact of export growth on the main economic variables of a regional economy. The model is first tested for a regional economy by breaking up export growth rates for manufactured products into its various effects. The dynamism of the trade zone to which the regional economy belongs, the production biases on the pattern of trade flows and the cost competitiveness of the economy are then estimated. It is assumed that these estimates reflect the relative importance of the structural and exogenous factors relative to the cyclical and endogenous factors on export performance.

The general equilibrium implications of the estimates in terms of direct and indirect employment effects are thus spelled out by the use of available input-output data. The results indicate that Quebec's export performance is not hindered by the geographical pattern of export flows nor by the product-mix of its exports. However, the indicator of cost competitiveness indicates a slight deterioration on foreign markets.
Des moyens de l’intégration monétaire européenne
Authors: Bourguinat H.
Published: July 2012

European monetary integration policy nowadays centers on the search for a common money by opposition to a single monetary unit; but many problems remain as to the means of achieving this end.

After reviewing the perennial discussions concerned with the foundations of this monetary integration (e.g. the problems of the optimum of a monetary area, where Mr. Bourguinat challenges the criteria based on differential factor mobility or on the relative degree of "openness"), the study analyses the narrowing of margins in the light of recent experience.

Considering the events of 1972 and 1973 the narrowing of margins is a very difficult task; it means nothing less than creating for the E.E.C. members an island of stability in a world environment becoming evermore flexible.

The freedom which has been lost on exchange rate fluctuations seems to have resulted in an increased instability of par values (e.g. the successive revaluations of the deutschmark, the florin, etc.).

For the achievement of a truly common money the author suggests an alternative approach: it consists in issuing, side by side with national currencies, a unit called an Europa; serving initially as a unit of account, the Europa would gradually become a true means of payment.
Modèle de prévision et de simulation de l’aide sociale au Québec
Authors: Gautrin J.-F. , Verdon B.
Published: July 2012

This paper deals with a macro-simulation and forecasting model, called PASSIM, essentially markovian, of the working of the Quebec system of Public Assistance. It has to do with both the numbers of persons involved and with the expenditures. It became fully operational in the summer of 1972 albeit it still contains a number of important imperfections.

The model relies on a linear programming procedure to estimate probability transition matrices. This seems to represent one of the original features of the model. The basic philosophy of the Quebec Public Assistance is simple: a modified version of a guaranteed income program. This needs test is simply used to constitute the submodel for the determination of allowances. Transition matrices are three dimensional; transition probabilities may change over time due to changes in various exogeneous variables.

The model is particularly oriented to test some major changes in the law. An example of a typical simulation is presented and some gross sensitivity tests are also given.
« Malthus in, Malthus out? »
Authors: Julien Pierre-André , Freeman Christopher
Published: July 2012

In this paper, we analyse the world model which represents the most ambitious attempt yet to bring together six great forecasts comprising population, resource depletion, food supply, capital investment, pollution and space. We wish to show on the one hand that the model has serious limitations and, on the other, that many different conclusions can be arrived at with this kind of study.

Firstly we attempt to demonstrate that the model structure is too rigid, containing too many constants; secondly we question the value of certain time series data; thirdly the two principal assumptions are discussed: the constant exponential trends of population and capital investment and the too long delays in the feedback processes that control the physical growth of the world system.

For example Dennis Meadow et al. believe that all technological innovations will increase crowding and pollution. In concentrating on physical limits, they neglect changes in values which can change many trends or rate of trends.

This is why we are saying "Malthus in, Malthus out". The model is the message and a great part of the results depends entirely on the quality of data, the rigidity of the model and on the limits of the assumptions.
Introduction et synthèse
Authors: Achour Dominique
Published: July 2012

The introduction can be considered as a framework for and as a series of critical comments on some of the texts. Viewing Industry, Tourism and Finance as part of the same economic problem, the author brings new elements into the discussion stressing classic weaknesses in the structure of Montreal's economy and emphasizes the fact that his inherent frailty should not be blurred by the satisfactory 1973 conjunctival situation. Two broad policy choices are presented in the form of alternative scenarios: the first is an extrapolation and the other of completely altered industrial policies. The choice of the latter is described as being the only realistic alternative.

In the field of tourism, the obvious contradiction between government policies and the facts of the situation stemming from the analysis of tourist behavior is discussed. Concrete proposals are spelled out so as to enhance the regional potential for tourism.

The financial sector is evaluated on the efficiency of its performance in mobilizing funds for general investment purposes and also, more specifically, for capital ventures type of financing. Finally, the future of Montreal as a prime financial center is assessed with respect to the national banking structure.
La nature du déclin économique de la région de Montréal
Authors: Chung Joseph H.
Published: July 2012

There are definitely signs of economic difficulties in the Montreal area. The growth of population, the rate of unemployment, the productivity of its manufacturing industries, the exodus of head offices of major financial institutions and corporations and several other key indicators of economic growth suggest that the Montreal area has been going through a profound economic malaise. The basic question one might raise is whether such economic difficulties reflect a secular stagnation or merely a cyclical recession. This paper is addressed to this question.

This paper's thesis is that economic difficulties and the loss of economic supremacy of Montreal are not a matter of cyclical recession and that they are the consequences of a secular stagnation which began as early as 1970's. Started originally by fur and wheat trade and, later, by the trade of iron ore and other minerals, stimulated by railroad and telecommunications, Montreal largely dominated Toronto until 1920's. However, during the decades that followed, while Toronto was taking advantage of the westward shift of economic frontiers in the United States and was rapidly adopting its economy to changing economic conditions, Montreal was unable to readjust its industrial structure to new market and technological requirements. As a result, Montreal has been loosing its traditional market in the West as well as in the Atlantic provinces and the economic gap between Toronto and Montreal in favor of the former has been widening ever since. This is illustrated well by the evolution of the value of building permits.

In short, recent economic difficulties in the Montreal area reflect a secular stagnation of its economy and are not the result of a cyclical recession. In light of these considerations, it is clear that needed remedies require something much more then policies applied so far by the government.
Le mouvement d’études sur la paix dans les collèges et universités au Québec
Authors: Paillé Pierre
Published: July 2012

La recherche descriptive et exploratoire qui est présentée ici vise à cerner le mouvement d’études sur la paix dans les collèges et universités au Québec. On a principalement relevé les différents cours sur la paix offerts au Québec, à partir d’une problématique spécifique se démarquant de la problématique américaine jusqu’ici développée. Les résultats indiquent que l’on peut parler d’un mouvement relativement important d’études sur la paix au Québec, lesquelles se manifestent par au moins une quarantaine de cours et un programme de certificat collégial.
Improvement of Neuropsychological Function in Cognitively Impaired Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Natalizumab
Authors: Edwards Keith R. , Goodman William A. , Ma Carl Y.
Published: July 2012

Treatment with natalizumab has been shown to reduce physical disability in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, its effect on neuropsychological dysfunction is not well understood. A single-center, open-label, retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the effect of natalizumab treatment on neuropsychological function in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) who had a measurable neuropsychological deficit prior to natalizumab treatment. A total of 40 MS patients (mean age, 48.5 years; 77.5% female) were evaluated on a neuropsychological battery of nine tests designed for MS patients before and after 6 or more months of treatment with natalizumab. Posttreatment neuropsychological testing results were compared to baseline results. The mean baseline Neuropsychological Impairment Index was 0.49, which improved to 0.41 after treatment (P = .0002) as analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The mean Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II) score improved by 2.45 points (P = .001). The mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score improved by 0.30 (P = .02). A total of 52.5% of patients showed neuropsychological improvement, while 30.0% showed no change and 17.5% had worsening. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no changes. The specific prior disease-modifying therapy had no influence on the results for natalizumab effect. The results of this study show that natalizumab can stabilize or improve neuropsychological function in RRMS patients. The improvement was consistent with, but apparently independent of, improvement in depression and physical disability.
Jurisdictional Boundaries in the Making: The Case of Parish Diaconal Work in Finland
Authors: Pyykkö Raija , Henriksson Lea , Wrede Sirpa
Published: July 2012

Diaconal workers of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland have traditionally worked on the borderline between parish work and public welfare services. However, the role of parish diaconal workers in social services and nursing services has diminished as the Finnish welfare state has expanded. In conjunction with this downsizing, the so-called intra-church diaconate process has re-demarcated parish diaconal work. Andrew Abbott’s theory of how professional jurisdictions are negotiated in the societal arenas in which different actors are engaged inspired the analysis in this article. Using Thomas F. Gieryn’s concept of boundary work, the jurisdictional settlements that reshape professional parish diaconal work are examined. It is argued that institutional boundary work and disputes over whether the culture of diaconal work is secular or spiritual, serve to renew its cultural jurisdiction.
Literacy Education and Interprofessional Collaboration
Authors: Pihl Joron
Published: July 2012

The aim of this article is to explore inter-professional collaboration in literacy education. It examines factors that facilitate collaboration between teachers and librarians and the contributions to literacy education. The study was designed as a research and development project in multicultural schools in Norway (2007-2011). Its theoretical framework was cultural-historical theory of activity theory, and the theory of expansive learning. The methods were formative intervention, interviews, participant observation, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of student literacy. In the study, interprofessional collaboration made significant contributions to professional development and literacy education. Interprofessional collaboration was developed as a collective learning process. It was facilitated by research interventions, development of a shared object of activity and work with new theoretical concepts and cultural artefacts. The findings indicate that inter-professional collaboration can make important contributions to realization of the mandate of the teaching and library profession.
Medical Management in Norwegian Hospitals
Authors: Spehar Ivan , Kjekshus Lars Erik
Published: July 2012

Hospitals are increasing in size and complexity and hospital manage-ment is being professionalized. This paper aims to investigate how doctors engage in hospital management. Are doctors losing their influence? Based on a review of existing literature and data from a longitudinal study, we show that Norwegian doctors have seemingly lost some of their previous dominance in hospital manage-ment, as other professions have entered traditional areas of medical influence. However, we argue that doctors appear to regain an influential position in formal decision making by entering positions with higher potential for influence. We suggest an analytical approach that illustrates the changing engagement of doctors in management. Our paper contributes to the current and requested research on the relationship between medicine and management in European states.
Swiss Operations Research Society (Schweizerische Vereinigung
F
ür Operations Research/Association Suisse Pour La Recherche Operationelle/Associazione Svizzera Di Ricerca Operativa)
Authors: Kohlas Jürg , de Werra Dominique , Gambardella Luca Maria
Published: July 2012

The main objectives of the Swiss Operations Research Society, SVOR/ASRO (Schweizerische Vereinigung Für Operations Research/Association Suisse Pour La Recherche Operationelle/Associazione Svizzera Di Ricerca Operativa) are to promote operational research (OR) in Switzerland, to bridge the gap between the theory and practice of OR, and to represent the interests of the Swiss OR community in all relevant organizations.
Portuguese Operational Research Society—Apdio
Authors: Cardoso Domingos M. , Oliveira Pedro
Published: July 2012

This article describes the mission of the Portuguese OR Society (Associação Portuguesa de Investigação Operacional—APDIO) and how it is organized. Its main activities are described as well as its relation with the Portuguese academic and industrial communities. It also includes a picture of the international scientific relations promoted by the APDIO, some highlights from the long list of national and international conferences organized or supported by the APDIO, and the main publications along with the names of the editors. Wherever appropriate, a few historical facts are presented, namely, the list of presidents of the APDIO since its foundation until 2011. We finish with the future challenges of the Portuguese OR Society.
High Purity Ultrafine‐Grained Nickel Processed by Dynamic Plastic Deformation: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Farbaniec Lukasz , Abdul‐Latif Akrum , Gubicza Jenõ , Dirras Guy
Published: July 2012

Bulk ultrafine‐grained samples are processed by dynamic plastic deformation at an average strain rate of 3.3 × 102 s−1 from bulk coarse‐grained nickel with purity higher than 98.4 wt.%. The obtained microstructure is investigated by electron backscattering diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray line profile analysis. After dynamic deformation the microstructure evolves into submicron‐size lamellar and subgrain structures. Evaluation of average grain size shows a heterogeneous microstructure along both the diameter and the thickness of the sample. X‐ray line profile analysis reveals high dislocation density of about 13 ± 2 × 1014 m−2 in the impacted material. The mechanical properties are investigated by means of uniaxial quasi‐static compression tests conducted at room temperature. The stress–strain behavior of the impacted Ni depends on the location in the impacted disk and on the orientation of the compression axis relative to the impact direction.
Processing Routes Toward Textured Polycrystals in Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Gaitzsch Uwe , Chulist Robert , Weisheit Linda , Böhm Andrea , Skrotzki Werner , Oertel Carl‐Georg , Brokmeier Heinz‐Günter , Lippmann Thomas , Navarro Iñaki , Pötschke Martin , Romberg Jan , Hürrich Claudia , Roth Stefan , Schultz Ludwig
Published: July 2012

Ni–Mn–Ga single crystals can produce large strain in moderate magnetic fields. It is the scope of this article to demonstrate, that also polycrystalline materials can show strain in a magnetic field, so called MFIS (magnetic field‐induced strain). In order to design functional polycrystalline materials the interactions of twin boundaries and grain boundaries have to be understood. Therefore, different ways of introducing a texture into Ni–Mn–Ga polycrystals are presented. The different kinds of texture and the consequences for the corresponding materials are discussed. Moreover, thermal, magnetic, and/or mechanical training concepts are presented and their working principle is explained. Several possibilities of evaluating the MFIS capability of the resulting samples are displayed. Finally methods of increasing the strain further are discussed.
Excitation Dynamics in Low Band Gap Donor–Acceptor Copolymers and Blends
Authors: Gieseking Björn , Jäck Berthold , Preis Eduard , Jung Stefan , Forster Michael , Scherf Ullrich , Deibel Carsten , Dyakonov Vladimir
Published: July 2012

Donor–acceptor (D–A) type copolymers show great potential for the application in the active layer of organic solar cells. Nevertheless the nature of the excited states, the coupling mechanism and the relaxation pathways following photoexcitation are yet to be clarified. We carried out comparative measurements of the steady state absorption and photoluminescence (PL) on the copolymer poly[N‐(1‐octylnonyl)‐2,7‐carbazole]‐alt‐5,5‐[4′,7′‐di(thien‐2‐yl)‐2′,1′,3′‐benzothiadiazole] (PCDTBT), its building blocks as well as on the newly synthesized N‐(1‐octylnonyl)‐2,7‐bis‐[(5‐phenyl)thien‐2‐yl)carbazole (BPT‐carbazole). The high‐energy absorption band (HEB) of PCDTBT was identified with absorption of carbazoles with adjacent thiophene rings while the low‐energy band (LEB) originates instead from the charge transfer (CT) state delocalized over the aforementioned unit with adjacent benzothiadiazole group. Photoexcitation of the HEB is followed by internal relaxation prior the radiative decay to the ground state. Adding PC70BM results in the efficient PL quenching within the first 50 ps after excitation. From the PL excitation experiments no evidence for a direct electron transfer from the HEB of PCDTBT towards the fullerene acceptor was found, therefore the internal relaxation mechanisms within PCDTBT can be assumed to precede. Our findings indicate that effective coupling between copolymer building blocks governs the photovoltaic performance of the blends.
Synthesis of butyl 2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl) acetate in biphasic system using low concentration of potassium hydroxide—kinetic aspects
Authors: Vivekanand P. A. , Wang Maw‐Ling , Yu Ming‐Chan
Published: July 2012

In this paper, we present an experimental protocol for following the kinetics of phase‐transfer catalyzed synthesis of butyl 2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl) acetate from the esterification of 4‐methoxyphenylacetic acid with the presence of potassium hydroxide as a base and potassium carbonate by gas chromatography. Hydrolysis of the ester product was curtailed by using low concentration of potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate (inorganic salt) during esterification. The reaction is greatly enhanced by adding a small quantity of phase‐transfer catalyst (kapp = 4.75 × 10−3 min−1). Rate of esterification was investigated at various experimental parameters, namely. stirring speed, amount of catalyst, different solvents, different volumes of water, different inorganic salts, different phase transfer catalysts and temperature. When the degree of agitation exceeded 20.93 rad.s−1, the mass transfer resistance for the reaction can be ignored. As the catalyst amount was increased (from 0.5 to 1.2 g), the rate constant values also increased (from 2.32 × 10−3 min−1 to 6.13 × 10−3 min−1). A kinetic model was proposed for the esterification, and the experimental data were well described by the pseudo‐first‐order equation. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in shorebird behaviour and distribution associated with an intertidal crab fishery
Authors: Sheehan E.V. , Attrill M. J. , Thompson R. C. , Coleman R. A.
Published: July 2012

Harvesting green crabs Carcinus maenas for bait is a popular fishery in south‐west UK estuaries that are important habitats for shorebirds. The fishery involves laying roof tiles or PVC guttering into sediments; crabs seeking refuge bury beneath the tiles and are collected by fishers during low tide.

By observing foraging birds in tiled and non‐tiled sites the general model that this fishery modified shorebird diversity, distribution, and behaviour was tested. No evidence was found for a relationship between shorebird species richness, abundance or assemblage composition and the presence of tiles.

To measure distributional and behavioural changes of shorebirds to crab‐tiles, the focus was on two shorebird species: curlew Numenius arquata and redshank Tringa totanus. The crab‐tiles affected the shorebird distribution and feeding patterns but this was dependent on species, time, and scale of observation.

Redshank spent more time next to tiles than away and dedicated similar feeding effort between treatments. Curlew did not spend proportionally more time next to tiles but did spend more time feeding when they were next to tiles than away from tiles.

Curlew and redshank spent proportionally more time probing than pecking when they were next to crab‐tiles, but overall spent similar times exhibiting the two feeding behaviours compared with conspecifics in a non‐tiled site, although this was dependent on time.

It is suggested that crab‐tiles may influence the spatial distribution of potential prey, thereby aggregating the birds and relieving predation pressure elsewhere. As both species (curlew and redshank) were observed ‘standing not feeding’, i.e. resting or preening, when next to tiles we also suggest that the structure created by the tiles provides some shelter to reduce negative effects of wind on thermoregulation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multiblock PLS‐based algorithm applied to a causal model in marketing
Authors: Servera‐Francés David , Arteaga‐Moreno Francisco , Gil‐Saura Irene , Gallarza Martina G.
Published: July 2012

A modern approach to logistics allows it to be understood and used for its capacity to generate value, because value is managerially important as a strategic objective for any firm. In the present work a particular view of this approach is offered by providing a structural model where logistics service quality and sacrifices contribute to the formation of logistics value, but where service quality is also an important determinant of satisfaction. This combined approach, tested with multiblock partial least‐sqaures path modelling, in the particular setting of a business‐to‐business encounter, provides empirical support for a chain of effects between service quality–logistics value–satisfaction–loyalty without underestimating the important effect of service quality on satisfaction and satisfaction on loyalty in industrial settings. This proposed conceptual model of the relationship between customer loyalty and the various contributing factors to that loyalty is the main contribution in this paper. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time road traffic forecasting using regime‐switching space‐time models and adaptive LASSO
Authors: Kamarianakis Yiannis , Shen Wei , Wynter Laura
Published: July 2012

Smart transportation technologies require real‐time traffic prediction to be both fast and scalable to full urban networks. We discuss a method that is able to meet this challenge while accounting for nonlinear traffic dynamics and space‐time dependencies of traffic variables. Nonlinearity is taken into account by a union of non‐overlapping linear regimes characterized by a sequence of temporal thresholds. In each regime, for each measurement location, a penalized estimation scheme, namely the adaptive absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), is implemented to perform model selection and coefficient estimation simultaneously. Both the robust to outliers least absolute deviation estimates and conventional LASSO estimates are considered. The methodology is illustrated on 5‐minute average speed data from three highway networks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circadian clocks in changing weather and seasons: Lessons from the picoalga Ostreococcus tauri
Authors: Pfeuty Benjamin , Thommen Quentin , Corellou Florence , Djouani‐Tahri El Batoul , Bouget Francois‐Yves , Lefranc Marc
Published: July 2012

Daylight is the primary cue used by circadian clocks to entrain to the day/night cycle so as to synchronize physiological processes with periodic environmental changes induced by Earth rotation.

However, the temporal daylight pattern is not the same every day due to erratic weather fluctuations or regular seasonal changes. Then, how do circadian clocks operate properly in varying weather and seasons? In this paper, we discuss the strategy unveiled by recent studies of the circadian clock of Ostreococcus tauri, the smallest free‐living eukaryotic organism. It combines mechanisms controlling light inputs and clock sensitivity, shaping both the dynamics of the core circadian oscillator and its forcing by light so as to ensure stable and precise synchronization in all weather and seasons.

Editor's suggested further reading in BioEssays: Another place, another timer: Marine species and the rhythms of life Abstract
Stratification substantially reduces behavioral variability in the hypoxic–ischemic stroke model
Authors: Pollak Julia , Doyle Kristian P. , Mamer Lauren , Shamloo Mehrdad , Buckwalter Marion S.
Published: July 2012

Stroke is the most common cause of long‐term disability, and there are no known drug therapies to improve recovery after stroke. To understand how successful recovery occurs, dissect candidate molecular pathways, and test new therapies, there is a need for multiple distinct mouse stroke models, in which the parameters of recovery after stroke are well defined. Hypoxic–ischemic stroke is a well‐established stroke model, but behavioral recovery in this model is not well described. We therefore examined a panel of behavioral tests to see whether they could be used to quantify functional recovery after hypoxic–ischemic stroke. We found that in C57BL/6J mice this stroke model produces high mortality (approximately one‐third) and variable stroke sizes, but is fast and easy to perform on a large number of mice. Horizontal ladder test performance on day 1 after stroke was highly and reproducibly correlated with stroke size (P < 0.0001, R

2
 = 0.7652), and allowed for functional stratification of mice into a group with >18% foot faults and 2.1‐fold larger strokes. This group exhibited significant functional deficits for as long as 3 weeks on the horizontal ladder test and through the last day of testing on automated gait analysis (33 days), rotarod (30 days), and elevated body swing test (EBST) (36 days). No deficits were observed in an automated activity chamber. We conclude that stratification by horizontal ladder test performance on day 1 identifies a subset of mice in which functional recovery from hypoxic–ischemic stroke can be studied.
ERBB3 (HER3) is a key sensor in the regulation of ERBB‐mediated signaling in both low and high ERBB2 (HER2) expressing cancer cells
Authors: Choi Byung‐Kwon , Fan Xuejun , Deng Hui , Zhang Ningyan , An Zhiqiang
Published: July 2012

Aberrant expression and activation of EGFR and ERBB2 (HER2) have been successfully targeted for cancer therapeutics. Recent evidence from both basic and clinical studies suggests that ERBB3 (HER3) serves as a key activator of downstream signaling through dimerization with other ERBB proteins and plays a critical role in the widespread clinical resistance to EGFR and HER2 targeting cancer therapies. As a result, HER3 is actively pursued as an antibody therapeutic target for cancer. Ligand binding is thought to be a prerequisite for dimerization of HER3 with other ERBB proteins, which results in phosphorylation of its c‐terminal tyrosine residues and activation of downstream AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. In this study, we report that an anti‐HER2 monoclonal antibody (HER2Mab), which blocks HER2 dimerization with HER3, induces HER3 dimerization with EGFR in both low and high HER2 expressing cancer cells. Treatment of the low HER2 expressing MCF7 cancer cells with HER2Mab promoted cell proliferation and migration in the absence of HER3 ligand stimulation. Follow‐up studies revealed that HER2Mab‐induced HER3 signaling via EGFR/HER3 dimerization and activation of downstream AKT signaling pathways. These results suggest that equilibrium of dimerization among the ERBB proteins can be perturbed by HER2Mab and HER3 plays a key role in sensing the perturbation.
CIP2A protein expression in high‐grade, high‐stage bladder cancer
Authors: Huang Lisa P. , Savoly Diana , Sidi Abraham A. , Adelson Martin E. , Mordechai Eli , Trama Jason P.
Published: July 2012

Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States. Numerous markers have been evaluated for suitability of bladder cancer detection and surveillance. However, few of them are acceptable as a routine tool. Therefore, there exists a continuing need for an assay that detects the presence of bladder cancer in humans. It would be advantageous to develop an assay with a protein that is associated with the development of bladder cancer. We have identified the cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) protein as a novel bladder cancer biomarker. In this study, Western blot analysis was used to assess the expression level of CIP2A protein in bladder cancer cell lines and bladder cancer patient tissues (n = 43). Our studies indicated CIP2A protein was abundantly expressed in bladder cancer cell lines but not in nontumor epithelial cell lines. Furthermore, CIP2A was specifically expressed in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder tumor tissues but not in adjacent nontumor bladder tissue. Our data showed that CIP2A protein detection in high‐grade TCC tissues had a sensitivity of 65%, which is 3.4‐fold higher than that seen in low‐grade TCC tissues (19%). The level of CIP2A protein expression increased with the stage of disease (12%, 27%, 67%, and 100% for pTa, pT1, pT2, and pT3 tumor, respectively). In conclusion, our studies suggest that CIP2A protein is specifically expressed in human bladder tumors. CIP2A is preferentially expressed in high‐grade and high‐stage TCC tumors, which are high‐risk and invasive tumors. Our studies reported here support the role of CIP2A in bladder cancer progression and its usefulness for the surveillance of recurrence or progression of human bladder cancer.
Molecular alterations in endometrial archived liquid‐based cytology
Authors: Di Lorito Alessia , Rosini Sandra , Falò Eleonora , Gustapane Sarah , Gomes Madalena , Costa José Luis , Schmitt Fernando Carlos
Published: July 2012

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancy worldwide and its prevalence is increasing. The introduction of liquid‐based cytology (LBC) and endoflower dispositive in routine practice gives the possibility to examine endometrial cells by cytological diagnosis and may also release the opportunity to study molecular alterations, in endometrioid type cancer in which carcinogenesis is well known. We gathered 72 cases of endometrial LBC samples and corresponding formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) blocks, collected from 2004 to 2010. DNA was isolated from both samples using standard protocols. DNA quality and quantity were assessed using Nanodrop and BIOMED2 multiplex PCR. Mutations in exon 5 of PTEN and exon 20 of PI3K were studied using Sanger sequencing. DNA with good quality and amount was isolated from 67/72 FFPE cases. In these samples, two cases were found to harbor mutations in exon 5 of PTEN. No PI3K mutations were identified. LBC samples were then assessed to verify the concordance with the FFPE DNA results. The results obtained were concordant, that is the wild type cases in FFPE were also wild type in LBC and vice versa for the mutated case. Unfortunately, the second case of mutation in PTEN could not be confirmed in LBC due to low amount of DNA obtained. Detection of molecular alterations in LBC will open a new era for the detection in asymptomatic women of precursor lesions that could evolve into cancer and for endometrial cancer diagnosis and screening in selected high‐risk women. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aspiration biopsy of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of accessory parotid gland: Another diagnostic dilemma in matrix‐containing tumors of the salivary glands
Authors: Levine Pascale , Fried Karen , Krevitt Lane D. , Wang Beverly , Wenig Bruce M.
Published: July 2012

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) is a newly described rare salivary gland tumor, which shares morphologic features with acinic cell carcinoma, low‐grade cystadenocarcinoma, and secretory carcinoma of the breast. This is the first reported case of MASC of an accessory parotid gland detected by aspiration biopsy with radiologic and histologic correlation in a 34‐year‐old patient. Sonographically‐guided aspiration biopsy showed cytologic features mimicking those of low‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, including sheets of bland epithelial cells, dissociated histiocytoid cells with intracytoplasmic mucinous material, and spindle cells lying in a web‐like matrix. Histologic sections showed a circumscribed tumor with microcystic spaces lined by bland uniform epithelial cells and containing secretory material. The tumor cells expressed mammaglobin and BRST‐2. The cytologic features, differential diagnosis, and pitfalls are discussed. The pathologic stage was pT1N0. The patient showed no evidence of disease at 1 year follow‐up. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:49–53. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A brief chronicle of cytology: From Janssen to Papanicolaou and beyond
Authors: Diamantis Aristides , Beloukas Apostolos I. , Kalogeraki Alexandra M. , Magiorkinis Emmanouil
Published: July 2012

The aim of our study was to outline and present the major hallmarks in the history of clinical cytology. For this purpose, an extensive research in modern literature and the PubMed database was undertaken. Furthermore, we studied original papers and books of the pioneers in cytopathology. The development of the first microscope by Hans and Sacharias Janssen is a hallmark in biological sciences, since the study of microcosmos was made feasible. From the discovery of single cells by Robert Hooke and the cell theory by Schleiden and Schwann till the establishment of exfoliative cytology by George Papanicolaou and the invention of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy technique by Martin and Ellis, there is a three‐century continuum of important discoveries and research. Today, flow cytometry and the introduction of molecular techniques have revolutionized medicine and are expected to change the face of cytology in the near future. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas on fine needle aspiration: Case Report with Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Guan Hui , Gurda Grzegorz , Lennon Anne Marie , Hruban Ralph H. , Erozan Yener S.
Published: July 2012

Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN) is a rare primary pancreatic neoplasm accounting for less than 1% of all pancreatic exocrine neoplasms and 3% of intraductal neoplasms of the pancreas. Data on this entity are still limited. Here, we report a case of ITPN with cytopathologic and histopathologic findings.

A 41‐year‐old woman with a 2.2 cm cyst in the head of the pancreas for five years was referred to our institution. The endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration produced cytospins were moderately cellular with a few fragments of markedly atypical epithelium. The neoplastic cells displayed high‐grade nuclear atypia with enlarged, eccentric nuclei, anisonucleosis and prominent nucleoli, irregular nuclear membranes, high nucleus to cytoplasmic (N/C) ratios, and a moderate amount of cytoplasm with no intracytoplasmic mucin. Histologically, the lesion was found to be an ITPN with focal high‐grade dysplasia. No invasive carcinoma was identified. The neoplastic cells exhibited luminal immunolabeling for MUC‐1, but were negative for MUC‐2, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and P53. Approximately 5% of the neoplastic cells showed Ki‐67 immunoreactivity.

ITPN of pancreas may be a source of markedly atypical epithelial cells in pancreatic cystic aspiration. Clinical and radiographic findings, molecular mutational analysis, in combination with cytological features are essential to differentiate it from other disease entities. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:156–160. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative image analysis of conventional and thin‐layer preparations in endometrial cytology
Authors: Hattori Manabu , Kobayashi Tadao K. , Nishimura Yukari , Machida Daisuke , Toyonaga Masumi , Tsunoda Shinpei , Ohbu Makoto
Published: July 2012

We evaluated the differences in cytologic findings between conventional and thin‐layer preparations in endometrial cytology to introduce the thin‐layer method into routine cytology. Eighty patients who had undergone endometrial cytology and biopsy on the same day were selected and we compared the cytological findings between conventional‐ and thin‐layer preparations (TLP) in endometrial cytology. The numbers of neutrophils and cell clusters in the thin‐layer method were lower than those in the conventional smear (CSS) method. The average number of neutrophils in endometrioid adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in normal morphology endometrium and endometrial hyperplasia. Regarding the shape of the cell clusters, ball‐like patterns and round‐edged cell clusters were not identified in CSS. The average number of clusters in CSS was significantly greater than that using the TLP. The average of the nuclear area in CSS was significantly larger than that using the TLP, indicating that the nuclear areas in CSS were more uneven than that using the TLP. In the future, it is expected that liquid‐based cytology will be applied to the cytological diagnosis of a variety of lesions. The influence on cells due to fixation is considerable in liquid‐based preparations. Therefore, if we strive to pick up the differences between CSS and TLP of endometrial samples, the diagnostic accuracy of the latter could be improved. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytoplasmic vacuolization: An under‐recognized cytomorphologic feature in endocrine tumors of the pancreas
Authors: Levy Gillian H. , Finkelstein Alexander , Harigopal Malini , Chhieng David , Cai Guoping
Published: July 2012

The diagnosis of pancreatic endocrine neoplasm (PEN) is often straightforward; however, cytomorphologic variants may impose a diagnostic challenge, particularly in small biopsies such as fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). Here we describe prominent fine cytoplasmic vacuoles in three cases of PENs which were initially evaluated by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided FNA. The clinicopathologic features and diagnostic pitfalls of this cytomorphologic variant were discussed. Awareness of this rare cytomorphologic feature with application of immunocytochemical studies is crucial for rendering an accurate diagnosis and avoiding diagnostic pitfalls. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.