bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh keragaman jamur Metarhizium anisopliae terhadap mortalitas larva hama Oryctes rhinoceros dan Lepidiota stigma
Authors: Athifa Syafira , Anwar Syaiful , Kristanto Budi Adi
Published: June 2018

The research was conducted to evaluate the effect of variant of M. anisopliae on mortality of Oryctes rhinoceros and Lepidiota stigma. Variants ofM. anisopliae to be used were Karimun Jawa, Semarang and Magelang (host O. rhinoceros), and UGM (host L. stigma). The research was arranged in factorial experiment withcompletely randomized design, two factors and three replications.The first factor was type variant of M. anisopliae (V0= control, V1= variant UGM, V2= variant Karimun Jawa , V3= variant Semarang , V4 = variant Magelang), the second factor was type of pest (H1 = larva O. rhinoceros, H2 = larva L. stigma). The results showed that each variant of M. anisopliae had the same ability to control O. rhinoceros and L. stigma in both mortality, spore density, and LT50. O. rhinoceros has higher mortality and spore density than L. stigma, but LT50 both pests were the same. The interaction between O. rhinoceros and M. anisopliae gave the highest mortality, spore density, but the same LT50. Keywords : M. anisopliae, L. stigma, O. rhinoceros, mortality, spore density, LT50.
Efek xenia dan metaxenia pada persilangan tomat ranti dan tomat cherry
Authors: Widyasmara Natalia Indah , Kusmiyati Florentina , Karno Karno
Published: June 2018

Cherry tomato have various colour, shape and nutritious fruit. The aim of this research was to make population for genetic selection and to know about xenia and metaxenia effect on tomato crossing. The crossing was assigned in dialel crossing combination with Ranti tomato, Cherry tomato var. Grape, Red Pear and Indigo Rose as a crossing parents. The crossing combination was Ranti x Grape, Ranti x Red Pear, Ranti x Indigo Rose, Grape x Ranti, Grape x Red Pear, Grape x Indigo Rose, Indigo Rose x Grape, Indigo Rose x Ranti, Indigo Rose x Red Pear. Parameter measured were crossing ability, fruit set ability, fruit ripening age, seed number and fruit shape. The result showed that Grape x Red Pear crossing combination had the highest crossing ability and Indigo Rose x Red Pear had the highest fruit set ability. Xenia and metaxenia effects were showed in fruit ripening age, seed number and fruit shape. Genotype of Red Pear x Indigo Rose was found as superior genotype candidate for ripening age, seed number and had highest percentage of fruit shape alteration. Keywords : Hybridization, xenia, metaxenia, tomato, cherry tomato.
Kualitas benih dan pertumbuhan bibit cabai (Capsicum frutescens l.) pada perlakuan suhu dan wadah penyimpanan yang berbeda
Authors: Taghfir Dimas Bima , Anwar Syaiful , Kristanto Budi Adi
Published: June 2018

Setting the temperature of the storage space of seeds and storage containers will greatly affect the quality of the seed. The aim of this research was to study the effect of temperature treatment, storage container and their interaction on seed quality and seedling growth of chilli. The study was conducted in Jetis Village and Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Breeding, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University from January to June 2017. The study was conducted using nesting experiments on the basis of Completely Randomized Design (RAL). The first factor was Storage Temperature (R1 = Room Temperature 24-29 oC, R2 = Refrigerator Temperature 5oC) and second factor was storage container nested at storage temperature that was (P1 = Alumunium foil, P2 = Paper and P3 = Plastic). Each treatment had 5 replications and each replication consisted of 100 seeds, so there were 30 experimental units. The data were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with test of HSD (Honesty Significant Difference) 5% significance level. The results showed that the storage temperature (5oC) temperature increased the temperature and the seed vigor index was larger than the room temperature (28oC), the aluminum foil packaging produced the maximum growth potential and germination rate was higher than the plastic and paper packaging but there was no different growth rate and index vigor. Low storage space temperatures (5oC) can not maintain maximum seed quality where the 4 parameters were still below the standard quality of the seed. Seeds stored in low temperature (5oC) rooms producedfresh weight and dry weight of seedlings larger than high temperature (28oC), but the number of leaves, seed height and hypothetical vigor index were not significantly different. The aluminum foil packaging producedfresh weight and dry weight of seeds higher than plastic and paper packaging. However, the number of leaves, the height of seed and the hypothetical vigor index were notsignificantly different. Keywords : Temperature, container store, seeds quality, seedling growth, chilli.
Perkecambahan benih dan pertumbuhan bibit jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas Linn.) dengan invigorasi menggunakan zat pengatur tumbuh pada periode simpan yang berbeda
Authors: Puspitaningtyas Indah , Anwar Syaiful , Karno Karno
Published: June 2018

Jatropha curcas is a plant that is used as an alternative energy for fossil fuel replacement because of it’s high oil content. Jatropha curcas seeds have 30-40% oil content. The purpose of the study was to improve the seed quality and to enhance seedling growth of Jatropha curcas after storage using plant growth regulator. This study used factorial design based on Completely Randomized Design with two factors and 3 replications. The first factor was seed storage which consist of 2 levels : A1 = seed storage in 2015, A2 = seed storage in 2016. The second factor was plant growth regulator level which consists of 6 levels : B1=GA+NAA 0 ppm, B2= GA+NAA 20 ppm, B3= GA+ NAA 40 ppm, B4= GA+NAA 60 ppm, B5 = GA+NAA 80 PPM, B6 = GA+NAA 100 ppm. Parameters measured were seed germination, vigor index, growth rate, plant height and the number of leaves. The data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance and followed by Tukey test and Polynomial Orthogonal. The result showed that seed germination, vigor index and growth rate were significantly affected by storage treatment and invigoration using plant growth regulator treatment. Invigoration using auxin and gibberellic acid 40 ppm has the highest result of seed germination, vigor index and growth rate. There was no influence of seed storage and invigoration with plant growth regulator treatment on plant height and number of leaves. Keywords : Jatropha curcas, invigoration, plant growth regulator.
Penambahan lama penyinaran dengan perbedaan jam dan jumlah hari pada tanaman krisan (Chrysanthemum sp.) terhadap pertumbuhan dan bobot tanaman
Authors: Pratama Hanafi Girindra , Sutarno Sutarno , Darmawati Adriani
Published: June 2018

The aims of the research were to analyze light addition at the night to chrysanthemum plant with a difference irradiation length of hours and total of days on growth and weight of plant. This irradiation factor in chrysanthemum plants can affect vegetative growth. The light came from TL lamps with 23 watt of power. The experimental design used was the split block design with the main plot was long irradiation in hours: 1 hour (P1); 2 hours (P2); 3 hours (P3) and 4 hours (P4). While the sub plot was an extension of light in the case of 21 days (H1); 28 days (H2); 35 days (H3) and 42 days (H4). Replication was done 3 times. The results showed the use of irradiation applications above 3 hours and 42 days increased plant height, leaf number, fresh and dry weight of plant. Keywords : Chrysanthemum, irradiation, light.
Pengaruh lama pemeraman dan dosis pupuk organik cair berbasis mol sayur dan buah terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tomat ceri (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme)
Authors: Widha Farah Athaya , Budiyanto Susilo , Purbajanti Endang Dwi
Published: June 2018

This research aimed to observe the response of different incubation period and dosage of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) based on vegetable and fruit local microorganism on cherry tomato growth and production. This research was conducted at Operational Greenhouse, Balai Benih Pertanian Kota Semarang Gunung Pati, Semarang. The research was conducted by 3x3 factorial experiments with 3 replications. The first factor was 6, 12, 18 days of incubation period and the second factor was 120, 240, 360 ml/plant dosage of LOF. The observed parameters were fruit N uptake, plant height, fruit diameter and fruit fresh weight. Results of study showed that both treatments had no significant effect on fruit diameter and fruit fresh weight caused by lack of P in LOF so that the overall fruit production was not optimum. Interaction between both treatments showed significant effect on fruit N uptake when on short incubation period, the dosage used was higher and vice versa. Six days of incubation with 240 ml/plant dosage gave the highest efficiency on improving fruit N uptake. Incubation period has no significant effect but the dosage of 360 ml/plant significantly gave optimum effect on plant height in comparison with dosage of 120 and 240 ml/plant. This research can be concluded that LOF with 6 days of incubation with dosage used between 240-360 ml/plant was efficient to improve growth of cherry tomato plant and addition of fertilizer was needed to improve production of cherry tomato. Keywords : Cherry tomato, LOF incubation period, LOF dosage
Respon pertumbuhan dan produksi padi beras merah (Oryza nivara) terhadap cekaman kekeringan pada fase pertumbuhan berbeda dan pemupukan nanosilika
Authors: Sugiarto Rita , Kristanto Budi Adi , Lukiwati Dwi Retno
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this research was to analyze the response of growth and production of red rice (Oryza nivara) under drought and nanosilica fertilization condition. This research was conducted in Greenhouse and Laboratory of and Plant Physiology and Breeding of at Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang from April to July 2017. The research was arranged using completely randomized factorial design. The first factor was drought stress (control, drought 20-35 DAP (Days After Planting), 40-55 DAP and 55-70 DAP). The second factor was the use of nanosilika fertilizers (without nanosilika, with nanosilica). The data were analyzed by anova and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the drought stress during tiller production stage decreased the total number of tillers, productive tillers and grain weight per clump, but not in weight of one thousand seeds. Drought stress during flowering stage and seed filling only decreases the weight of one thousand seeds. Application of nanosilica increases the number of productive tillers and the weight of grain per hill. There was no interaction between drought stress treatment and nanosilika fertilization. Keywords: red rice, production, drought, nanosilica.
Pertumbuhan dan produksi Okra merah (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) pada dosis pupuk kompos serasah yang berbeda dan pemangkasan
Authors: Habiba Rifna Nur , Slamet Widyati , Fuskhah Eny
Published: June 2018

The research aims was to investigate the interaction between dose of leaf compost and pruning on the growth and production of red okra. The research was assigned in basic design of completely randomized 4x2 factorial with three replications. The first factor was doses of leaf K (0, 50, 100, 150 kg N / ha). The second factor was pruning P (unpruned and pruned), each treatment was repeated three times. The parameters measured were stem diameter, number of leaves, number of fruits per plant, number of fruit per plot, and fruit weight per plot,. The data were analyzed statistically by of variance followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that there was no interaction effect at treatment doses of compost litter and pruning. Dosage of compost litter of 50 kg N / ha can increase the growth of girth, number of leaves, and the number of fruit per plot. Litter compost fertilizer dose of 100 kg N / ha can promote the growth and production of red okra. Pruning treatment can increase the production of red okra. Keywords : red okra, compost, leaf, pruning.
Uji efektivitas kombinasi pupuk bio-slurry dengan pupuk npk terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi dua varietas padi sawah (oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Khanafi Ahmad , Yafizham Yafizham , Widjajanto Didik Wisnu
Published: June 2018

The objective of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of combination of bio-slurry fertilizer and NPK fertilizer on the growth and production of two varieties of rice. The experiment was assigned in a completely randomized design of factorial pattern. The first factor was the combination of bio-slurry and NPK fertilizer that consisted of P0 = no added fertilizer (control) 0 ton/ha, P1 = NPK fertilizer 550 kg/ha (165 kg N, 33 kg P, 45 kg K); P2 = bio-slurryfertilizer 2.3 tons/ha (45 kg N, 14 kg P, 23 kg K) and NPK fertilizer 400 kg/ha (120 kg N, 24 kg P, 32 kg K); P3 = bio-slurryfertilizer 4.6 tons/ha (90 kg N, 28 kg P, 46 kg K) and NPK fertilizer 250 kg/ha (75 kg N, 15 kg P, 20 kg K); P4 = bio-slurry fertilizer 5.9 tons/ha (115 kg N, 36 kg P, 59 kg K) and NPK fertilizer 100 kg/ha (30 kg N, 6 kg P, 8 kg K); and P5 = bio-slurryfertilizer 8.5 tons/ha (165 kg N, 52 kg P, 85 kg K). The second factor was varieties of rice that consisted of V1 : IR-64 and V2 : Ciherang. Each treatment was repeated three times. Parameters observed were plant height, number of tillers, weight of 1.000 grains, and rice production. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the combination of bio-slurry fertilizer and NPK fertilizer were significantlyaffect (p <0.05)all observation parameters, while varieties of wetland rice did not show significant effect on all observation parameters (p<0.05). The application of bio-slurry fertilizer in single treatment or in either combination with NPK fertilizer had the same result with the treatment of NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice. Keywords: rice, fertilizer combination, bio-slurry fertilizer, NPK fertilizer
Persilangan 4 varietas kedelai (Glycine max L.) dalam rangka perakitan kedelai tahan kering
Authors: Utomo Frendi Heri , Kristanto Budi Adi , Kusmiyati Florentina
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this research was to study dialel crossing of 4 soybean varieties in order to get drought resistant varieties. The research used Completely Randomized Design with six crossing combination : Dering x Grobogan, Grobogan x Dering, Dering x Detam, Detam x Dering, Dering x Devon, and Devon x Dering. Each combination was repeated five times. Parameters observed were percentage of fertilization, number of seeds in pods, long of pods, weight of 10 seeds. Parameters were analyzed descriptively and heterosis was calculated. The research results showed that crossing between dering and devon had the highest percentage of fertilization. Crossing between dering and grobogan improved number of seed in pod, long of pods and weight of 10 seeds. The highest heterosis of seed number in pod, long of pods and weight of 10 seeds were resulted from crossing dering x devon, Dering x Grobogan, Grobogan x Dering, respectively. Keywords : Crossing, genotype soybean, fist population
Optimal Forestry Contract with Interdependent Costs
Authors: Didier Tatoutchoup Francis , Samuel Njiki Paul
Published: June 2018

This article determines an optimal forestry contract when firms’ harvesting costs are interdependent. The value of the optimal allocation depends on the private signals of all firms. We show that the optimal rotation of the winning firm must satisfy a modified version of the usual Faustmann rule, which holds under perfect information. This modification is necessary in order to induce the revelation of private signals on the part of all participating firms. We find conditions under which the optimal mechanism can be implemented as a second-price auction. The optimal rotation period and the reservation price are derived. Theoretically and numerically, we show that the predicted forest owner surplus is considerably misestimated under the independent private value paradigm and the predicted forest owner profit is more affected when the interdependence is negative.
Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes increase the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension
Authors: Das Sambuddha , Purkayastha Sukanya , Roy Hirakjyoti , Sinha Anima , Choudhury Yashmin
Published: June 2018

We investigated the effect of polymorphisms in four DNA repair genes, viz. RAD18 Arg302Gln (G>A) (rs373572), XPD Asp312Asn (G>A) (rs1799793), APE1 Asp148Glu (T>G) (rs3136820), and OGG1 Ser326Cys (C>G) (rs1052133) on the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (HT) in association with smoking, tobacco chewing, and alcohol consumption in a population from Northeast India. The study subjects were comprised of 70 patients suffering from both T2DM and HT and 83 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using ARMS-PCR for XPD Asp312Asn (G>A) and PCR-CTPP for RAD18 Arg302Gln (G>A), APE1 Asp148Glu (T>G) and OGG1 Ser326Cys (C>G). The RAD18 Gln/Gln genotype was found to significantly increase the risk for T2DM and HT by 30 fold. Significant high risk was observed for individuals with XPD Asn/Asn-RAD18 Arg/Gln genotypes. Smoking was found to be the single most important independent risk factor for T2DM and HT. This study concludes that RAD18 Arg302Gln and XPD Asp312Asn polymorphisms might increase the risk for T2DM and HT in association with smoking, tobacco chewing, and/or alcohol consumption, while APE1 Asp148Glu (T>G) and OGG1 Ser326Cys (C>G) polymorphisms do not contribute to such risk.
Microspongium alariae in Alaria esculenta: a widely-distributed non-parasitic brown algal endophyte that shows cell modifications within its host
Authors: Murúa Pedro , Küpper Frithjof C. , Muñoz Liliana A. , Bernard Miriam , Peters Akira F.
Published: June 2018

Alaria esculenta is an important kelp species in northern Europe, Atlantic Canada and USA and the Arctic, with high economic potential. Microspongium alariae, a brown algal endophyte using A. esculenta as host, is reported for the first time from Scotland (Great Britain) and Brittany (France), suggesting a wide distribution in NW Europe. The alga was found growing epi-endophytically in A. esculenta stipes and was occasionally associated with warts. Isolated Microspongium thalli grew in host-free cultures and formed plurilocular sporangia in a broad range of temperature and irradiance conditions. DNA barcoding using the nuclear ribosomal ITS1, the mitochondrial COI and the plastidial rbcL confirmed the identity of the endophyte as M. alariae. Electron microscopy was used to compare the alga when endophytic in Alaria with a host-free culture. As an endophyte, cell diameter, pyrenoid diameter and cell wall thickness were reduced. In contrast, there were more plasmodesma connections between endophyte cells, possibly to enhance nutrient transport along the endophytic thallus. In the light of this evidence, a parasitic life style is considered unlikely for the species and the adaptive value of endophytism in M. alariae remains to be elucidated.
Ultrasound assisted chemical activation of peanut husk for copper removal
Authors: Ingle Pradnya K. , Attarkar Karishma , Rathod Virendra K.
Published: June 2018

The ultrasound assisted chemical activation of peanut husk using phosphoric acid was studied at a frequency of 20 kHz. Experiments were carried out for the activation of peanut husk in presence of ultrasound followed by the study of consequent effect on the adsorption behavior of copper. Effect of sonication during chemical activation on copper adsorption was studied with respect to various parameters such phosphoric acid concentration, acid impregnation ratio, temperature, duty cycle, sonication time, power and the probe height dipped in the adsorbent-acid slurry. Results showed that after the application of ultrasound during the activation process, copper uptake capacity of the adsorbent is improved with increasing ultrasound power and the activation process is more feasible at 30°C. The copper uptake after activation treatment of 5 min in the presence of ultrasound was found to be 19.6 mg/g as against 17.8 mg/g by conventional chemical activation method performed for 20 min. Thus, after acid treatment in the presence of ultrasound, the adsorbent shows a good adsorption capacity at lower time of chemical activation.
Increasing pulp yield in kraft cooking of softwoods by high initial effective alkali concentration (HIEAC) during impregnation leading to decreasing secondary peeling of cellulose
Authors: Brännvall Elisabet
Published: June 2018

Pulp yield can be improved by a more homogeneous delignification of the chips, achieved by improved impregnation prior to the cooking stage. Complete and efficient impregnation is obtained by increasing the diffusion rate by means of an impregnation liquor with a high initial effective alkali concentration (HIEAC). In the present study, the effect of HIEAC in the impregnation was evaluated and compared to a reference impregnation procedure and a prolonged impregnation. After the various impregnation scenarios, the alkali concentration was always adjusted to the same level in the beginning of the cooking stage. Impregnation with a HIEAC resulted in yield improvements by 1–1.5% units, due to a higher cellulose yield and possibly also to higher yield of glucomannan. The HIEAC with an even alkali distribution within the chips prior to the cooking stage resulted in a more uniform delignification carbohydrate degradation. Yield increase obtained by uniform delignification is due to both decreased shives content as well as less secondary peeling.
Hygro-mechanical analysis of wood subjected to constant mechanical load and varying relative humidity
Authors: Huč Sabina , Svensson Staffan , Hozjan Tomaž
Published: June 2018

A hygro-mechanical (H-M) analysis of a wooden specimen sustaining a mechanical load while subjected to varying relative humidity was performed to predict the long-term rheological behavior of wood. The numerical analysis was based on the experimental results of total strains, monitored in two orthotropic material directions on oak wood specimens under constant uniaxial compression and with moisture content (MC) variation. For the moisture analysis, a multi-Fickian moisture transport model (MFMTM) was used to obtain temporal and spatial MC fields, which were the input data in the mechanical analysis. The presented mechanical model assumed a decomposition of the total strains into the elastic, viscoelastic and mechanosorptive strains and the strains due to shrinkage and swelling. The moisture and mechanical analyses required material parameters, which were taken from the literature or were empirically obtained by a fitting procedure. The performed H-M analysis gave accurate numerical predictions of the experimentally obtained total strains in two orthotropic directions simultaneously. Thus, the analysis developed has a high potential for predicting the long-term rheological behavior of timber structures, assuming that the material parameters are determined previously, based on specific, extensive, multidimensional experimental analyses.
The translation of EU trademarks – a special type of Intellectual Property translation
Authors: Sammut Ivan
Published: June 2018

This paper looks at the industrial practice to translate legal intellectual property text such as patents and trademarks in order to examine if there are or there are not special approaches and methods needed to work on these texts and to identify some translation theories to see if these are or are not applicable to intellectual property text. The theories chosen are examples and far from being exhaustive. Intellectual property field is very wide so focusing on Community Trademark would provide a more focused approach. The paper shows that while many of the general applicable approaches/methods are applicable, yet the translation of trademarks deserves to be treated as a field of specialised translation such as medical or legal. The objective is to show that there are certain translation approaches that are useful for the translation of these types of texts rather than for general translation. This study is mainly limited to the translation of Community Trademarks of the European Union and comparisons which can be made with the translation of patents and or other specialised translation.
Mesoscopic Rigid Body Modelling of the Extracellular Matrix Self-Assembly
Authors: Wong Hua , Prévoteau-Jonquet Jessica , Baud Stéphanie , Dauchez Manuel , Belloy Nicolas
Published: June 2018

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in supporting tissues and organs. It even has a functional role in morphogenesis and differentiation by acting as a source of active molecules (matrikines). Many diseases are linked to dysfunction of ECM components and fragments or changes in their structures. As such it is a prime target for drugs. Because of technological limitations for observations at mesoscopic scales, the precise structural organisation of the ECM is not well-known, with sparse or fuzzy experimental observables. Based on the Unity3D game and physics engines, along with rigid body dynamics, we propose a virtual sandbox to model large biological molecules as dynamic chains of rigid bodies interacting together to gain insight into ECM components behaviour in the mesoscopic range. We have preliminary results showing how parameters such as fibre flexibility or the nature and number of interactions between molecules can induce different structures in the basement membrane. Using the Unity3D game engine and virtual reality headset coupled with haptic controllers, we immerse the user inside the corresponding simulation. Untrained users are able to navigate a complex virtual sandbox crowded with large biomolecules models in a matter of seconds.
The deal.II library, Version 9.0
Authors: Alzetta Giovanni , Arndt Daniel , Bangerth Wolfgang , Boddu Vishal , Brands Benjamin , Davydov Denis , Gassmöller Rene , Heister Timo , Heltai Luca , Kormann Katharina , Kronbichler Martin , Maier Matthias , Pelteret Jean-Paul , Turcksin Bruno , Wells David
Published: June 2018

This paper provides an overview of the new features of the finite element library deal.II version 9.0.
Agreement with overt and null arguments in Ingush
Authors: Nichols Johanna
Published: June 2018

Ingush (Nakh-Daghestanian, Caucasus) offers a variety of contexts with contrast, variation, or speaker choice between agreement and non-agreement and between overt and null arguments, which provide speakers many opportunities to manipulate agreement and argument marking. Ingush discourse is therefore a good test case for the plausible hypothesis that agreement and overt arguments are in complementary distribution. I survey referential density in a corpus of about 5000 words and find no evidence of either straightforward complementarity or expected incidental effects of such complementarity, and some evidence going against it. Some additional, orthogonal distributions were evident, showing that the corpus is large enough to reveal discourse effects if they were present. Ingush agreement is in gender, not person, and there is an arbitrary and strictly lexical bifurcation of verbs into those that do and those that do not have gender agreement; these typological points raise comparative and theoretical issues of interest.
Dimerized high contrast gratings
Authors: Overvig Adam C. , Shrestha Sajan , Yu Nanfang
Published: June 2018

Metasurfaces and planar photonic crystals are two classes of subwavelength diffractive optical devices offering novel functionalities. The former employ independently operating subwavelength “meta-units” as their building blocks, while the latter exploit the collective response of many periodic building blocks. High contrast gratings (HCGs) are an example of one-dimensional (1D) planar photonic crystals with large refractive index contrast, exhibiting large in-plane scattering even with a limited number of grating periods. They are best known for their broadband features. Low contrast gratings (LCGs) are known for their control over sharp spectral features but require many periods due to small in-plane scattering. We explore a class of symmetry-broken HCGs called dimerized high contrast gratings (DHCGs), which have a period-doubling perturbation applied. DHCGs support modes accessible by free-space illumination with a long, controllable photon lifetime (inversely proportional to the magnitude of the perturbation) and reduced lateral energy divergence (confined by the high index contrast of the grating). We catalogue and clarify the resonant modes introduced by the dimerizing perturbation in 1D DHCGs and briefly explore the increased in-plane scattering present in two-dimensional (2D) DHCGs. We introduce an approach maximizing lateral localization by band structure engineering in the unperturbed HCG and using the dimerizing perturbation to generate sharp spectral features in devices with small footprint. We confirm the simultaneous control of photon lifetime and lateral localization with full-wave simulations of finite-sized DHCGs. We conclude by numerically demonstrating two compact devices (an optical modulator and a refractive index sensor) benefitting from the unique design freedoms of DHCGs.
Reconfigurable epsilon-near-zero metasurfaces via photonic doping
Authors: Liberal Iñigo , Li Yue , Engheta Nader
Published: June 2018

The next generation of flat optic devices aspires to a dynamic control of the wavefront characteristics. Here, we theoretically investigated the reconfigurable capabilities of an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metasurface augmented with resonant dielectric rods. We showed that the transmission spectrum of the metasurface is characterized by a Fano-like resonance, where the metasurface behavior changed from perfect magnetic conductor to epsilon-and-mu-near-zero material responses. The abrupt variation between these two extreme material responses suggests potential applications in dynamic metasurfaces. We highlighted the causality aspects of ENZ metasurfaces with a transient analysis and numerically investigated different reconfigurable mechanisms. Thus, this work introduces a new strategy for dynamic wavefront engineering.
Analysis and quantitative estimation of phenolic antioxidants in polypropylene packaging for fat products
Authors: Baloul Hakim , Belhaneche-Bensemra Naima , Rodriguez Bernaldo De Quirós Ana , Sendon Raquel
Published: June 2018

The aim of this work was to study the interactions between polypropylene (PP) food packaging for fatty products (margarine) and food simulant. For this purpose, a simulant (olive oil) was used in two different temperatures (20°C and 40°C). The interaction phenomena were investigated according to the rate of mass variation of PP samples with time and by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed the presence of two phenomena – migration of additives and sorption of the simulant, with the phenomena more pronounced at 40°C. Furthermore, the HPLC analysis identified the presence of Irganox 1010 and Irgafos 168 as antioxydants and allowed to carry out a kinetic study of Irganox 1010 migration. The concentration of Irganox 1010 decreased from 13.35 to 4.76 mg/kg at a temperature of 40°C and to 5.85 mg/kg at a temperature of 20°C after 10 days of contact with olive oil. The Irgafos 168 migration could not be evaluated because it is very sensitive to oxidation.
Non-parametric estimation of population size changes from the site frequency spectrum
Authors: Waltoft Berit Lindum , Hobolth Asger
Published: June 2018

Changes in population size is a useful quantity for understanding the evolutionary history of a species. Genetic variation within a species can be summarized by the site frequency spectrum (SFS). For a sample of size n, the SFS is a vector of length n − 1 where entry i is the number of sites where the mutant base appears i times and the ancestral base appears n − i times. We present a new method, CubSFS, for estimating the changes in population size of a panmictic population from an observed SFS. First, we provide a straightforward proof for the expression of the expected site frequency spectrum depending only on the population size. Our derivation is based on an eigenvalue decomposition of the instantaneous coalescent rate matrix. Second, we solve the inverse problem of determining the changes in population size from an observed SFS. Our solution is based on a cubic spline for the population size. The cubic spline is determined by minimizing the weighted average of two terms, namely (i) the goodness of fit to the observed SFS, and (ii) a penalty term based on the smoothness of the changes. The weight is determined by cross-validation. The new method is validated on simulated demographic histories and applied on unfolded and folded SFS from 26 different human populations from the 1000 Genomes Project.
Survey of chronic pain in Chile – prevalence and treatment, impact on mood, daily activities and quality of life
Authors: Bilbeny Norberto , Miranda Juan Pablo , Eberhard María Eliana , Ahumada Marisol , Méndez Lorena , Orellana María Elena , Cid Loreto , Ritter Paola , Fernández Rodrigo
Published: June 2018

Background and aims

The prevalence of chronic non-cancer pain has not been specifically reported in Chile.

Methods

In order to assess its prevalence and impact, we designed a tool based on previously published survey studies. We analyzed a sample of 784 subjects to determine the prevalence of chronic non-cancer pain, with a maximum variability of 50%, a confidence interval (CI) of 95%, and an estimation error of 3.5%. Finally, a cross-sectional cell phone survey was conducted on a nationally representative probability sample of 865 subjects of over 18 years, in November 2013. The prevalence of chronic non-cancer pain was estimated by using expansion factors according to national projections by age group and gender, from the Chilean National Institute of Statistics for the year 2010.

Results

The estimated prevalence of chronic non-cancer pain was 32.1% (95% CI: 26.5–36.0). The respondents with chronic non-cancer pain presented the following results: 65.7% had moderate pain, and 20.8%, severe pain; 65.6% had somatic pain, 31.7% neuropathic pain, and 2.7% visceral pain. Approximately 70% reported they were receiving some kind of pharmacological treatment with certain frequency. In 64.9%, medication was prescribed by a physician. The prevalence of sick leave in workers was 30.22%, with a median duration of 14 days (interquartile range: 14; range: 1–60).

Conclusions

Chronic non-oncological pain occurs in 32% of Chilean adults. These figures provide the first measurement of chronic non-cancer pain in the Chilean population.

Implications

Chronic non-oncological pain impact as a public health problem is revealed, given the high prevalence found, and the elevated private and social costs involved.
Nonlinear and asymmetric pricing behaviour in the Spanish gasoline market
Authors: Escribano Alvaro , Torrado María
Published: June 2018

Over the last decades a transition from a state-own monopoly to a private business took place in the Spanish fuel sector. To figure out whether downstream prices react differently to upstream price increases than to price decreases, alternative dynamic nonlinear and asymmetric error correction models are applied to weekly price data. This paper analyse the existence of price asymmetries in the fuel market in Spain during the 2011–2016 period. In comparison with traditional asymmetric price theory literature, this paper introduces a new double threshold error correction (ECM) model (DT-ECM) and new double logistic ECM models and compares them with more common linear ECM, time varying parameter models (TV-ECM), threshold autoregressive models (T-ECM), smooth transition autoregressive (STAR) models and nonlinear error correction (Logistic-ECM) and double threshold Logistic (DT-Logistic ECM). The asymmetric results found in Spain in the oil sector, show that sophisticated bivariate short-run nonlinearities are present in the gasoline market prices and that those price reactions depend on two main aspects; whether the oil price increases or decreases and on the stage (above of below) of the prices of gasoline relative to their long-run expected crude oil prices (error correction term). Those empirical results are consistent with the economic explanations based on market power-collusion and/or with consumer having search costs.
Duplicity in possessive merger: evidence from Spanish alienable possessive constructions
Authors: Kim Sangyoon
Published: June 2018

In this paper, I argue that Spanish prenominal and postnominal possessives target different external merge positions focusing on alienable possessive constructions. The analysis is developed alongside a proposal on the organization of DPs, according to which articles are merged as a DP-internal category between the domains assigned to direct and indirect modifiers. Prenominal possessives are determiners reanalyzed from direct modification adjectives whereas postnominal possessives are indirect modification adjectives that arise as predicates of reduced relative clauses. This analysis provides a principled explanation on the behavior of Spanish possessives that is lacking in the generalized idea that they are pronouns with a unique merge position. Arguments are also presented showing that syntax-driven phonological restrictions condition the derivation of DPs. The account successfully derives the core properties of word order variation and related issues within possessive constructions.
Städtische Raumproduktion durch touristische Praktiken
Authors: Saretzki Anja
Published: June 2018

Städte sind nicht nur Heimaträume oder ökonomische Zentren, sondern auch touristische Destinationen. In der Postmoderne ist dies mit einer zunehmenden Verschränkung von Tourismus und Alltag verbunden: Städtischer Alltag wird als touristische Sehenswürdigkeit in den Blick genommen und geriert als Lifeseeing zum Garanten für vermeintlich authentische Erlebnisse. Gleichzeitig unterscheiden sich Touristen und Stadtbewohner in Zeiten einer fortschreitenden Touristifizierung des Alltags immer weniger voneinander. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Entwicklungen wird aufgezeigt, wie touristische Praktiken nicht-touristischer Akteure in die städtische Raumproduktion eingreifen. An verschiedenen Beispielen der Resignifizierung touristischer Praktiken werden die Konturen eines oppositional post-tourism (Munt) aufgezeigt, der auf der Basis touristischer Praktiken sowohl den Stadtraum verändert als auch das Verhältnis von Einwohnern zu ihren Städten. Damit versteht sich der Beitrag als Erklärungsversuch hinsichtlich der Veränderungsprozesse vormals typischer Muster des Stadttouristischen.
Die sprachliche Konstruktion von Mußeräumen im Städtetourismus am Beispiel von Florenz, Italien
Authors: Kramer Clara Sofie
Published: June 2018

Der europäische Städtetourismus boomt. Gleichzeitig findet in Teilen der Gesellschaft eine Entwicklung hin zu Ausprägungen von Muße statt. Muße gewinnt als Gegenstand der geographischen Tourismusforschung an Relevanz, da das gesellschaftliche Bedürfnis nach ihr im Sinne des konstruktivistischen Raumbegriffes touristische Erfahrungswelten produziert und verändert. Mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse dreier deutschsprachiger Reiseführer (ADAC, Baedeker, Reise Know-How) wird am Beispiel von Florenz untersucht, wie Muße im touristisch-urbanen Kontext als erfahrbar beschrieben und welche touristischen Schauplätze als Mußeräume sprachlich konstruiert werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen unter anderem, dass die Reiseführer Genuss als wichtigste Form der touristisch-urbanen Mußeerfahrung in Florenz und vorrangig Räume des Geschmacks als Mußeräume darstellen.
Der Süden: zur Konstruktion einer Raumsemantik im Tourismus
Authors: Thimm Tatjana
Published: June 2018

Dieser Beitrag untersucht, inwiefern die Sapir-Whorf- Hypothese, die die Abhängigkeit des Denkens von der Sprache postuliert, einen Erklärungsansatz zur raumsemantischen Konstruktion des touristischen Südens liefern kann. Sie dient als Analyseraster in Verbindung mit empirischen Befunden zu den touristischen Imageprofilen von Sevilla und Buenos Aires, die als Fallbeispiele touristischer Städte des Südens gewählt wurden.
Markenführung von Destinationen – Zwischen ökonomischem Nutzen, sozialer Konstruktion und Machbarkeit
Authors: Eisenstein Bernd
Published: June 2018

Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Markenführung von Destinationen. Ausgehend von wettbewerbsintensiven Marktgegebenheiten und der wichtigen Rolle des Destinationsimages bei der Reisezielwahl wird die Wettbewerbsstellung der Destination nicht als unabdingbar gegebenes Faktum betrachtet. So scheint es mittels des Aufbaus und der Führung einer Destinationsmarke grundsätzlich möglich, Einfluss auf das sozial konstruierte Destinationsimage zu nehmen, um Vorteile im Wettbewerb zu erlangen. Im Mittelpunkt müssen dabei die auf Basis einer differenzierenden Positionierung des Reiseziels zu erzielenden emotional-symbolischen Nutzenstiftungen des Nachfragers stehen. Eine einfache Übertragung von Erfahrungen der Markenführung aus der Konsumgüterindustrie auf Destinationen scheint dabei nicht möglich, da eine ganze Reihe von Besonderheiten zu beachten sind. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer kritischen Beurteilung und zeigt eine Reihe von Forschungsfragen auf, die bislang noch nicht ausreichend beantwortet sind.
Júzcar – ein „pueblo blanco“ macht blau
Authors: Arnold Gregor , Lessen Julia van
Published: June 2018

Der Artikel setzt sich mit der medieninduzierten Tourismusentwicklung des andalusischen Dorfes Júzcar auseinander. Júzcar gilt seit 2011 als das erste Schlumpfdorf der Welt: Aus Anlass der Premiere des Kinofilms „Die Schlümpfe“ waren alle Hausfassaden blau gefärbt worden, und die Bewohner stimmten der Beibehaltung der blauen Fassaden zu. Vor dem Hintergrund von Lefebvres Überlegungen zur Produktion von Raum, sozialgeographischen Perspektiven und qualitativen empirischen Daten werden die Akteure und Dimensionen des Transformationsprozesses analysiert. Einfließen werden außerdem Aspekte der Mediengeographie und des Filmtourismus, die die Wechselwirkungen von Medien auf soziale Prozesse und Tourismus untersuchen. Es wird gezeigt, wie sich die Akteure des Transformationsprozesses und besonders die Bewohner von Júzcar in ihrer alltäglichen Praxis an der fiktionalen Erzählung über die Schlümpfe orientiert haben und wie dabei durch Raumproduktionen an einem Ort verschiedene Welten entstehen.
‚Eine Landschaft wie ein Gemälde?‘ – Die Inszenierung von Landschaft im Wander- und Fahrradtourismus
Authors: Aschenbrand Erik
Published: June 2018

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, wie Landschaft von Reiseveranstaltern inszeniert und von Touristen konsumiert wird. Theoretische Grundlage bildet ein sozialkonstruktivistisches Verständnis von Landschaft. Reiseveranstalter übernehmen stereotype landschaftliche Vorstellungen aus Malerei, Film und Literatur, um Destinationen zu bewerben. Klischees sind für den Tourismus von höchster wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung, da sie es erlauben, komplexe Gebilde wie Regionen auf eine leicht verständliche Aussage verdichtet als Produkte zu positionieren. Auf der Reise zeigt sich, dass Vorstellungen von idealen Landschaften, mit Wünschen über deren Aneignung verbunden sind. John Urry hat diese Wünsche als ‚tourist gaze‘ bezeichnet und treffend beschrieben. Der Wunsch nach ‚tourist gaze‘ wiederum hat seinen Ursprung in einer stereotypen Vorstellung vom Reisenden als Entdecker.
The 3D supramolecular architecture of copper(II) 6-methyl-2-pyridone-4-carboxylate: synthesis, structure, magnetic behavior and DFT studies
Authors: Jing Ran , Tang Long , Hou XiangYang , Wang Xiao , Wang JiJiang , Ju Ping
Published: June 2018

The reaction of Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and 6-methyl-2-pyridone-4-carboxylic acid (Hhmpca) under hydrothermal condition produced a new copper(II) coordination polymer [Cu(hmpca)2(H2O)2]·4H2O (1), which has been characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Cu(II) ions are linked by coordinating water molecule bridges to generate a polymeric chain, and adjacent chains are connected to form a layer structure through interchain N–H···O hydrogen bonding. Because of the strong hydrogen bonds of free water molecules, ladder-shaped water chains are produced. Further, the layers and the water chains are linked into a three-dimensional supramolecular structure through strong O–H···O hydrogen bonds. Magnetic susceptibility measurements have indicated that compound 1 shows antiferromagnetic interactions between the adjacent Cu(II) ions. Based on the crystal structure data, compound 1 was analyzed using hybrid density functional theory (DFT) methods at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level, and a DFT-broken symmetry approach was applied to study the magnetic coupling behavior. The calculated exchange coupling constant J is in good agreement with the experimental data.
Laboratory-Based Physical and Physiological Test Results That Serve as Predictors of Male, Amateur Road Cyclists' Performance Levels
Authors: Coetzee Ben , Malan Dawie
Published: June 2018

Coetzee, B, and Malan, D. Laboratory-based physical and physiological test results that serve as predictors of male, amateur road cyclists' performance levels. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2897–2906, 2018—The purposes of this study were first, to determine the practical significant differences of laboratory-based physical and physiological test results between a selected group of successful and less successful amateur, male road cyclists from Africa; and second, to determine the significance, adequacy, accurateness, and usefulness of laboratory-based physical and physiological test results to serve as predictors of these amateur, male road cyclists' performance levels. Male road cyclists, identified as the top amateur road cyclists of the cycling federations of 13 African countries, were subjected to a test battery for the measurement of lower-body flexibility, abdominal strength, peak and average anaerobic power output as well as maximum aerobic power. Practical significant differences between the successful and less successful road cyclists were found for almost all the Wingate related variables, some of the sub-maximum parameters, and most of the maximum physiological variables. Finally, the abdominal muscle strength test value, vertical jump distance, Wingate relative peak power, and respiratory compensation point expressed as percentage of V̇o
2max and as relative power output were the physiological components that acted as adequate, accurate, and useful predictors of performance levels. Coaches and sport scientists should therefore include these components in testing protocols that are aimed at evaluating and improving cyclists' physical conditioning programs.