bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study to determine electromagnetic interference‐shielding effectiveness on bio‐based polyurethane foam reinforced with PVDF/MgO/Ni for emerging applications
Authors: Selvaraj Vinoth Kumar , Subramanian Jeyanthi , Jeyamani Elamaran , Azeez Aslam , Keerthivasan Ramesh
Published: November 2022

The main objective of this study is to prepare nanoparticles‐induced bio‐based polyurethane foam to shield electromagnetic interference (EMI) radiation in the 8–12 GHz frequency range and compare the experimental result with optimization and simulation. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), magnesium oxide (MgO), and Nickel (Ni) nanoparticles were induced into bio‐based PU (polyurethane) foam through absorption and hydrothermal reduction technique, which includes mechanical stirring, compressing, heating and evaporating. The design of experiment (DOE) methodology was used to find nanoparticle weight percentage (wt%). EMI shielding effectiveness of the bio‐based PU foam composite was measured using Vector Network Analyzer (N5230A PNA‐L). The weight percentages of the optimized sample were predicted using the response surface methodology (RSM), in which the central composite design (CCD) employed the weight percentages of the three nanoparticles as input and the results of the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) experiment as the response output. The result from CCD showed that 3 wt% of PVDF, 10 wt% of MgO, and 1 wt% of Ni gave a maximum EMI SE of 27.78 dB. Then a confirmation sample was created for the same, and EMI SE was estimated empirically. The results obtained for the confirmation sample are 27.56 dB. Then, a scanning electron microscope image was taken for the confirmation sample to analyze nanoparticle‐induced bio‐based PU foam's structural properties. The SEM image with dxf format is imported into the radio frequency (RF) module to calculate the EMI SE through COMSOL Multiphysics. The simulated EMI SE for the confirmation sample was 25.1 dB.
Higher scores on autonomic symptom scales in pediatric patients with neurodevelopmental disorders of known genetic etiology
Authors: DiCriscio Antoinette S , Wain KE , Smith J , Beiler D , Walsh LK , Holdren K , Troiani Vanessa
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Features of underlying autonomic dysfunction, including sleep disturbances, gastrointestinal problems, and atypical heart rate, have been reported in neurodevelopmental conditions, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current cross‐sectional, between‐groups study aimed to quantify symptoms of autonomic dysfunction in a neurodevelopmental pediatric cohort characterized by clinical diagnoses as well as genetic etiology.

Method

The Pediatric Autonomic Symptom Scales (PASS) questionnaire was used to assess autonomic features across a group of patients with clinical neurodevelopmental diagnoses (NPD; N = 90) and genetic etiologies. Patients were subdivided based on either having a clinical ASD diagnosis (NPD‐ASD; n = 37) or other non‐ASD neurodevelopmental diagnoses, such as intellectual disability without ASD, speech and language disorders, and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (NPD‐OTHER; n = 53). Analyses focused on characterizing differences between the NPD group compared to previously published reference samples, as well as differences between the two NPD subgroups (NPD‐ASD and NPD‐OTHER).

Results

Our results indicate higher PASS scores in our NPD cohort relative to children with and without ASD from a previously published cohort. However, we did not identify significant group differences between our NPD‐ASD and NPD‐OTHER subgroups. Furthermore, we find a significant relationship between quantitative ASD traits and symptoms of autonomic function.

Conclusion

This work demonstrates the utility of capturing quantitative estimates of autonomic trait dimensions that may be significantly linked with psychosocial impairments and other core clinical features of ASD.
Perfluorinated Sulfonate Resins as Reusable Heterogeneous Catalysts for the One‐Pot Synthesis of DiPhenolic Esters (DPEs)
Authors: Pancrazzi Francesco , Castronuovo Giovanni , Maestri Giovanni , Constantin Ana Maria , Voronov Aleksandr , Maggi Raimondo , Mazzeo Paolo P. , Motti Elena , Cauzzi Daniele Alessandro , Viscardi Rosanna , Della Ca' Nicola
Published: November 2022

Levulinic acid, easily obtained from cellulose, represents a fundamental chemical platform for a number of valuable building blocks. Among them, diphenolic acid and its esters (DPA and DPE) are valid candidates to replace Bisphenol A in polycarbonate and epoxy resin production processes. In this study, we report a one‐pot synthesis of alkyl DPEs in the presence of a heterogenous acid catalyst starting from levulinic acid, an alcohol and phenol as solvent‐reagent. The most interesting member of the DPE family, the ethyl 4,4‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)pentanoate, is selectively obtained in a good yield in the presence of a commercially available heterogeneous acid catalyst, the Aquivion, which can be reused for at least six times without any noticeable loss in activity.
Evaluation of the Ecotoxicity of New Polyurethane Composites on Target Organisms for Aquatic and Atmospheric Environments
Authors: Corapi Anna , Gallo Luana , Lucadamo Lucio , Tursi Antonio , Chidichimo Giuseppe
Published: November 2022

The present study investigated if new biocomposite materials, polyurethanes (PURs) added with functionalized cellulose fibers, produce potential toxic effects on two target organisms currently used in biomonitoring the quality of two different environmental compartments. Natural fibers were extracted from the species Spartium junceum L., a shrub commonly found in the southern region of the Mediterranean having a high cellulose content. All PURs produced were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and their structure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. We measured the effects of exposure to aromatic and aliphatic PUR composites (containing or not cellulose fibers) on the aquatic model organism Daphnia magna Straus, a freshwater crustacean (Cladocera), and a biomonitor of air quality, the fruticose epiphytic lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf. Leachates from aliphatic PUR composite not containing cellulose are more toxic to D. magna than all others, showing a slight acute toxicity in the case of the shortest exposure (24 h) and a moderate acute toxicity in the longer one (48 h). This effect is most likely due to the presence of free organic ammines and amides, which, in their turn, are immobilized in composites containing cellulosic fibers because of the considerable amount of chemical functional groups. Regarding lichens, both types of aliphatic PURs resulted in a toxic effect. Formulate not added with cellulose strongly promoted fungal peroxidation, whereas that which was functionalized affected the pigment concentration of the algal partner. Our results suggest that the use of cellulose in PUR production, in general, can limit the ecotoxicological effects on both test organisms and reduce the potential environmental impact due to this type of polymer. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:421–436. © 2022 SETAC
Parallel minimum mean square error equalization for reduced‐zero‐padding orthogonal time frequency space with the aid of unitary precoding
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Du Peng
Published: November 2022

This work studies the equalization method for the reduced‐prefix version of the orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation in which one zero‐padding (ZP) is inserted in each frame. We focus on applications in low data rate scenarios such as the Internet of Things, and will consider the case where the number of subcarriers and time slots are small. The idea of this work is to retain the large singular values of the channel matrix through linear transformations, while discarding the remaining small singular values. This makes it possible to avoid performance degradation due to small singular values when inverting the matrix in the minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalization. Specifically, a joint unitary precoding and signal linear transformation method is proposed for the reduced‐ZP OTFS modulation which decomposes the whole system into parallel subsystems. Then, the receiver can perform parallel MMSE equalization, where the singular values of each branch are not small. Simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve better bit error rate performance than the state‐of‐the‐art methods like message passing, unitary approximate message passing, and variational unitary approximate message passing.
Interobserver agreement and procedural fidelity: An odd asymmetry
Authors: Essig Lindsay , Rotta Katarina , Poling Alan
Published: November 2022

We examined articles with experiments published in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis and in Behavior Analysis in Practice from 2017 through 2021 to determine how frequently procedural fidelity was assessed. When procedural fidelity was assessed, we determined how often a measure of interobserver agreement for those fidelity data was provided. We also determined how often a measure of interobserver agreement for participants' behavior was provided. Across both journals and all years, 54.7% of relevant articles provided a measure of procedural fidelity. Of them, 17.7% provided a measure of interobserver agreement for procedural fidelity. In marked contrast, 96.4% provided interobserver agreement data for participants' behavior. It is unfortunate that applied behavior analysts frequently fail to provide procedural fidelity data and, when they do, often fail to provide interobserver agreement data for the fidelity data. Reviewers for, and editors of, behavior‐analytic journals are encouraged to strongly consider the relative value of procedural fidelity and agreement on procedural fidelity measures when rendering recommendations on the suitability of a given submission.
Monitoring green tea fixation quality by intelligent sensors: comparison of image and spectral information
Authors: Chen Yuyu , Wu Huiting , Liu Ying , Wang Yujie , Lu Chengye , Li Tiehan , Wei Yuming , Ning Jingming
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Intelligent monitoring of fixation quality is a prerequisite for automated green tea processing. To meet the requirements of intelligent monitoring of fixation quality in large‐scale production, fast and non‐destructive detection means are urgently needed. Here, smartphone‐coupled micro near‐infrared spectroscopy and a self‐built computer vision system were used to perform rapid detection of the fixation quality in green tea processing lines.

RESULTS

Spectral and image information from green tea samples with different fixation degrees were collected at‐line by two intelligent monitoring sensors. Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling and correlation analysis were employed to select feature variables from spectral and color information as the target data for modeling, respectively. The developed least squares support vector machine (LS‐SVM) model by spectral information and the LS‐SVM model by image information achieved the best discriminations of sample fixation degree, with both prediction set accuracies of 100%. Compared to the spectral information, the image information‐based support vector regression model performed better in moisture prediction, with a correlation coefficient of prediction of 0.9884 and residual predictive deviation of 6.46.

CONCLUSION

The present study provided a rapid and low‐cost means of monitoring fixation quality, and also provided theoretical support and technical guidance for the automation of the green tea fixation process. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Detection and Characterization of a De Novo Alu Retrotransposition Event Causing NKX2‐1‐Related Disorder
Authors: Magrinelli Francesca , Rocca Clarissa , Simone Roberto , Zenezini Chiozzi Riccardo , Jaunmuktane Zane , Mencacci Niccolò E. , Tinazzi Michele , Jayawant Sandeep , Nemeth Andrea H. , Demidov German , Houlden Henry , Bhatia Kailash P.
Published: November 2022

Background

Heterozygous NKX2‐1 loss‐of‐function variants cause combinations of hyperkinetic movement disorders (MDs, particularly childhood‐onset chorea), pulmonary dysfunction, and hypothyroidism. Mobile element insertions (MEIs) are potential disease‐causing structural variants whose detection in routine diagnostics remains challenging.

Objective

To establish the molecular diagnosis of two first‐degree relatives with clinically suspected NKX2‐1‐related disorder who had negative NKX2‐1 Sanger (SS), whole‐exome (WES), and whole‐genome (WGS) sequencing.

Methods

The proband's WES was analyzed for MEIs. A candidate MEI in NKX2‐1 underwent optimized SS after plasmid cloning. Functional studies exploring NKX2‐1 haploinsufficiency at RNA and protein levels were performed.

Results

A 347‐bp AluYa5 insertion with a 65‐bp poly‐A tail followed by a 16‐bp duplication of the pre‐insertion wild‐type sequence in exon 3 of NKX2‐1 (ENST00000354822.7:c.556_557insAlu541_556dup) segregated with the disease phenotype.

Conclusions

We identified a de novo exonic AluYa5 insertion causing NKX2‐1‐related disorder in SS/WES/WGS‐negative cases, suggesting that MEI analysis of short‐read sequencing data or targeted long‐read sequencing could unmask the molecular diagnosis of unsolved MD cases. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
DALI shines a light on remote homologs: One hundred discoveries
Authors: Holm Liisa , Laiho Aleksi , Törönen Petri , Salgado Marco
Published: November 2022

Structural comparison reveals remote homology that often fails to be detected by sequence comparison. The DALI web server (http://ekhidna2.biocenter.helsinki.fi/dali) is a platform for structural analysis that provides database searches and interactive visualization, including structural alignments annotated with secondary structure, protein families and sequence logos, and 3D structure superimposition supported by color‐coded sequence and structure conservation. Here, we are using DALI to mine the AlphaFold Database version 1, which increased the structural coverage of protein families by 20%. We found 100 remote homologous relationships hitherto unreported in the current reference database for protein domains, Pfam 35.0. In particular, we linked 35 domains of unknown function (DUFs) to the previously characterized families, generating a functional hypothesis that can be explored downstream in structural biology studies. Other findings include gene fusions, tandem duplications, and adjustments to domain boundaries. The evidence for homology can be browsed interactively through live examples on DALI's website.
Testing a novel sonar‐based approach for measuring water depth and monitoring sediment storage in beaver ponds
Authors: Bradbury Gareth , Puttock Alan , Coxon Gemma , Clarke Stewart , Brazier Richard E.
Published: November 2022

Widely available ‘fish‐finder’ echo‐sounding devices are beginning to be used in bathymetric studies to estimate geomorphic change. To date, however, there have been no applications in shallow and complex wetlands, where changes in sediment storage are notoriously dynamic in time and difficult to describe accurately in space. Therefore, in this study, we tested the performance of an ‘off‐the‐shelf’ fish‐finder for mapping bathymetry in a shallow beaver pond. We tested fish‐finder sonar depth readings against a traditional‐sounding lead‐line method across 21 paired Sampling Points with a minimum depth of 0.31 m and a mean of 0.65 m. Spatial accuracy of the unit was also tested against a differentially corrected Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver. Measured depths to pond bottom from the fish‐finder were on average within 5%, although significantly 0.015 m (SD = 0.034) less than those obtained by the lead‐line method. Spatial accuracy, however, varied greatly compared to the corrected GNSS receiver readings, with a mean discrepancy of 2.7 m (SD = 1.5) but up to 6.2 m. Given the close match of depth readings between the two methods, we conclude that sonar is a suitable, cost‐effective, and less‐intrusive method than existing techniques, even in moderately vegetated shallow waterbodies. Methods do need to be adopted to account for poor spatial precision with ‘off‐the‐shelf’ fish‐finder models, but this can be rectified with survey design or using a secondary GNSS. Application of this technology will allow rapid one‐off surveys or repeated monitoring of depth, bedform and sediment accumulation in otherwise hard‐to‐access or disturbance‐sensitive wetlands, such as beaver ponds and water treatment or flow attenuation wetlands.
Single-cell hemoprotein (heme-SCP) exerts the prebiotic potential to establish a healthy gut microbiota in small pet dogs
Authors: Lee Seungki , Choi Ahyoung , Park Kyung-Hoon , Lee Seoyeon , Yoon Hyunjin , Kim Pil
Published: November 2022

To investigate the effect of the single-cell hemoprotein (heme-SCP) source on animals, a dog-treat (100 g for each dog) harboring 0.2% heme-SCP was manufactured and fed to seven pet dogs (< 10 kg) in a randomized manner (irrespective of owner’s feeding style, dogs’ health conditions, and staple diets), and the feces before and after the dog-treat diet were analyzed to define the structure of the microbiota. The total bacterial species of the seven dogs showed no difference (564–584), although the bacterial compositions varied significantly. The Firmicutes phylum increased (54.7–73.7%), showing differential species composition before and after heme-SCP intake. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria decreased (5.4–3.8%, 32.9–16.8%, and 6.3–3.6%, respectively), which agreed with the previous observation of deliberate feeding. Therefore, it is conceivable that heme-SCP as a prebiotic can shape the gut microbiota regardless of the administration method.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals the mechanism of the alleviation of salt stress by salicylic acid in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Ma Jing , Wang Ying , Wang Li-yue , Lin Duo , Yang Yanjie
Published: November 2022

Background

The growth and yield of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is often affected by the critical salt stress. Salicylic acid (SA) can improve plants’ stress tolerance by promoting growth and regulating ion absorption and transportation.

Methods and results

To uncover the alleviated mechanism of salt stress by SA in pepper, we conducted morphological, physiological, cytological, and transcriptomic analyses under a single SA treatment and NaCl with and without SA pre-treatment for 9 days. Seedlings under NaCl treatment showed yellow shrunken leaves, this tatus were alleviated by NS treatment (NaCl with SA pre-treatment). Compared with plants under NaCl treatment, those in the NS treatment showed reduced lipid peroxidation, and significantly increased contents of chlorophyll and osmotic regulators (proline, soluble sugars). Treatment with SA balanced the Na+/K+ ratio. We conducted transcriptome sequencing and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) contributing to alleviation of salt stress by SA in pepper. Besides photosynthesis related genes, GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the DEGs were enriched in ‘sequence-specific DNA binding’, ‘transcription regulator activity’ and ‘DNA binding transcription factor activity’ by GO terms. And our results showed that TFs, such as MYB, bZIP, BBX, AP2/ERF, NAC, etc., probably make a great contribution in the alleviation of salt stress by SA.

Conclusions

These results reveal that SA can improve plants’ stress tolerance by balancing ion absorption, gene expression and transcriptional regulation, which provide new ideas and resources for subsequent research on the mechanism of salt tolerance in pepper.
On the muckiness of science, ethics, and preservice teacher education: contemplating the (im)possibilities of a ‘right’-eous stance
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Rishi , Tolbert Sara
Published: November 2022

In this article, we wade through the muckiness of ethics in science, teaching, and teacher education, in the form of a generative metalogue. Grounded in Sara’s experience with preservice teachers learning about ethics through a case study of a high school dissection, we contend with what it means to shift away from colonial and masculinist binaries that produce particular moralistic orientations as 'wrong' or 'right.' We contemplate what it means to attempt to teach-think-feel with ethics as 'mucky,' without diminishing attention to relations of power in science and ethics. Through our own thinking–feeling process and grappling with the ways that science and education can be simultaneously oppressive and liberating in an unfinished, complex, and interdependent world (of difference), we propose: Thinking with muckiness is ethical praxis; drawing from our own embodied resources for ethical feelingthinkingdoing is central to this praxis; and (place-conscious) powered relations in science and education must be made explicit.
Formal rules and rules as reasoning-in-action: playing games with reality in science education
Authors: Davis James P.
Published: November 2022

Bonne and Higgins (2022) explore game playing and fluctuations in emotional climate at a classroom level of analysis using a social and phenomenological orientation. My aim in this forum paper is to extend upon their work by exploring the nature of both formal game rules and practical game rules as reasoning-in-action where science reasoning may be embedded. Rules as reasoning-in-action are considered from the perspective of studies of ethnomethods, which are the interactional methods people use in everyday situations to make sense of social reality. I apply these ideas to compare gamification of science learning with learning through authentic science practices by discussing similarities and differences in the way we might regard reality in game play and the application of emotions to the design of learning contexts. I suggest the need for future research to embed gamification more routinely in science teacher education, including raised awareness about emotions and aesthetics in learning science.
School and learning contexts during the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for child and youth mental health
Authors: Tsujimoto Kimberley C. , Cost Katherine Tombeau , LaForge-MacKenzie Kaitlyn , Anagnostou Evdokia , Birken Catherine S. , Charach Alice , Monga Suneeta , Kelly Elizabeth , Nicolson Rob , Georgiadis Stelios , Lee Nicole , Osokin Konstantin , Arnold Paul , Schachar Russell , Burton Christie , Crosbie Jennifer , Korczak Daphne J.
Published: November 2022

Despite significant disruption to school during the COVID-19 pandemic, research on the impact on children is sparse. This study examines in-person and virtual learning contexts and the impact of school format on mental health (MH). Children and adolescents were recruited from community and clinical settings. Parents and children completed prospective online surveys about school experiences (November 2020) and MH symptoms (February/March 2021), including school format and activities. Standardized measures of depression, anxiety, inattention, and hyperactivity were collected. Hierarchical regression analyses tested associations between school format and MH. Children (N = 1011; aged 6–18 years) attending school in-person (n = 549) engaged in high levels of participation in COVID-19 health measures and low levels of social learning activities. Learning online in high school was associated with greater MH symptoms (B = -2.22, CI[-4.32,-.12] to B = -8.18, CI[-15.59,-.77]). Children with no previous MH condition that attended school virtually experienced a similar magnitude of MH symptoms as those with previous MH conditions. However, children who attended school in a hybrid in-person format, with no previous MH condition, experienced less hyperactivity as same-age peers with prior MH problems (B = -8.08, CI[1.58,14.58]). Children’s learning environments looked very different compared to before the pandemic. Removing children from school environments and limiting opportunities that support their MH, such as social learning activities, is problematic. Efforts to address the learning contexts to protect the mental health of children are needed.
Meaning in life, life role importance, life strain, and life satisfaction
Authors: Wolfram Hans-Joachim
Published: November 2022

This study aimed at examining assumptions from Frankl’s (1946/1998) logotherapy and existential analysis. Using an online questionnaire with N = 891 U.K. residents, meaning in life was associated with higher life satisfaction, even when controlling for positive and negative affect. Furthermore, meaning in life intensified the positive effects of family role importance and work role importance on life satisfaction. Lastly, meaning in life neutralised the combined effect of high family strain and high family role importance on lower life satisfaction, but lack of meaning in life aggravated the combined effect of high work strain and high work role importance on lower life satisfaction. This study provides evidence of meaning in life as a source, a contributing factor, and a protective factor of life satisfaction. Helping people to find meaning through fulfilling creative, experiential, and attitudinal values (Frankl, 1950/1996), in personal and/or professional life, is likely to improve life satisfaction.
Meta-review on Perforation Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice: Filament Material as a Possible Moderator of Mortality
Authors: Alpdogan Serdar , Sander Timo , Zhang Rui , Khan Dilaware , Li Xuanchen , Zhou Huakang , Li Ke , Nickel Ann-Christin , Zheng Baolong , Skryabin Anastasiya , Schieferdecker Simon , Hofmann Björn B. , Donaldson Daniel Maximilian , Cornelius Jan Frederick , Hänggi Daniel , Muhammad Sajjad
Published: November 2022

Robust preclinical models are inevitable for researchers to unravel pathomechanisms of subarachnoidal hemorrhage (SAH). For the mouse perforation model of SAH, the goal of this meta-review was the determination of variances in mortality, SAH severity grade, and vasospasm, and their experimental moderators, as many researchers are facing with incomparable results. We searched on the databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for articles describing in vivo experiments using the SAH perforation mouse model and measuring mortality, SAH grade, and/or vasospasm. After screening, 42 articles (total of 1964 mice) were included into systematic review and meta-analysis. Certain model characteristics were insufficiently reported, e.g., perforation location (not reported in six articles), filament (material (n = 15) and tip texture (n = 25)), mouse age (n = 14), and weight (n = 10). Used injective anesthetics and location of perforation showed large variation. In a random-effects meta-analysis, the overall animal mortality following SAH was 21.3% [95% CI: 17.5%, 25.7%] and increased with longer observational periods. Filament material significantly correlated with animal mortality (p = 0.024) after exclusion of hyperacute studies (time after SAH induction < 24 h). Reported mean SAH grade was 10.7 [9.6, 11.7] on the scale of Sugawara (J Neurosci Methods 167:327–34, 2008). Furthermore, mean diameter of large cerebral arteries after SAH was reduced by 27.6% compared to sham-operated non-SAH mice. Uniforming standards of experimental procedures and their reporting are indispensable to increase overall comparability.
Southern Ocean Solar Reflection Biases in CMIP6 Models Linked to Cloud Phase and Vertical Structure Representations
Authors: Cesana Grégory V. , Khadir Théodore , Chepfer Hélène , Chiriaco Marjolaine
Published: November 2022

Over the Southern Ocean (SO, 40°S–70°S), climate models have consistently underestimated solar reflection. Here we evaluate the relationship between cloud profiles, cloud phase and radiation over the SO in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models against Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System and Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations. We find that the lack of solar reflection is slightly improved in CMIP6 models compared to CMIP5's, attributable to a better representation of cloud fraction and phase. We show that clouds have a different vertical structure and radiative effect south and north of where the 0°C isotherm meets the surface (∼55°S). Although the models capture the greater vertical extent of clouds south of 55°S, they fail to reproduce the observed increase in solar reflection, which we pinpoint to cloud phase biases. Increasing CMIP6 supercooled liquid cloud opacity should help reduce their persistent shortwave biases.
Geologically Recent Areas as One Key Target for Identifying Active Volcanism on Venus
Authors: D’Incecco P. , Filiberto J. , López I. , Eggers G. L. , Di Achille G. , Komatsu G. , Gorinov D. A. , Monaco C. , Aveni S. , Mari N. , Blackett M. , Mastrogiuseppe M. , Cardinale M. , El Yazidi M.
Published: November 2022

The recently selected NASA VERITAS and DAVINCI missions, the ESA EnVision, the Roscosmos Venera‐D will open a new era in the exploration of Venus. One of the key targets of the future orbiting and in situ investigations of Venus is the identification of volcanically active areas on the planet. The study of the areas characterized by recent or ongoing volcano‐tectonic activity can inform us on how volcanism and tectonism are currently evolving on Venus. Following this key target, Brossier et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL099765) extend the successful approach and methodology used by previous works to Ganis Chasma in Atla Regio. Here we comment on the main results published in Brossier et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL099765) and discuss the important implications of their work for the future orbiting and in situ investigation of Venus. Their results add further lines of evidence indicating possibly recent volcanism on Venus.
Electro-active metaobjective from metalenses-on-demand
Authors: Karst Julian , Lee Yohan , Floess Moritz , Ubl Monika , Ludwigs Sabine , Hentschel Mario , Giessen Harald
Published: November 2022

Switchable metasurfaces can actively control the functionality of integrated metadevices with high efficiency and on ultra-small length scales. Such metadevices include active lenses, dynamic diffractive optical elements, or switchable holograms. Especially, for applications in emerging technologies such as AR (augmented reality) and VR (virtual reality) devices, sophisticated metaoptics with unique functionalities are crucially important. In particular, metaoptics which can be switched electrically on or off will allow to change the routing, focusing, or functionality in general of miniaturized optical components on demand. Here, we demonstrate metalenses-on-demand made from metallic polymer plasmonic nanoantennas which are electrically switchable at CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) compatible voltages of ±1 V. The nanoantennas exhibit plasmonic resonances which can be reversibly switched ON and OFF via the applied voltage, utilizing the optical metal-to-insulator transition of the metallic polymer. Ultimately, we realize an electro-active non-volatile multi-functional metaobjective composed of two metalenses, whose unique optical states can be set on demand. Overall, our work opens up the possibility for a new level of electro-optical elements for ultra-compact photonic integration.
Compact zinc finger base editors that edit mitochondrial or nuclear DNA in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Willis Julian C. W. , Silva-Pinheiro Pedro , Widdup Lily , Minczuk Michal , Liu David R.
Published: November 2022

DddA-derived cytosine base editors (DdCBEs) use programmable DNA-binding TALE repeat arrays, rather than CRISPR proteins, a split double-stranded DNA cytidine deaminase (DddA), and a uracil glycosylase inhibitor to mediate C•G-to-T•A editing in nuclear and organelle DNA. Here we report the development of zinc finger DdCBEs (ZF-DdCBEs) and the improvement of their editing performance through engineering their architectures, defining improved ZF scaffolds, and installing DddA activity-enhancing mutations. We engineer variants with improved DNA specificity by integrating four strategies to reduce off-target editing. We use optimized ZF-DdCBEs to install or correct disease-associated mutations in mitochondria and in the nucleus. Leveraging their small size, we use a single AAV9 to deliver into heart, liver, and skeletal muscle in post-natal mice ZF-DdCBEs that efficiently install disease-associated mutations. While off-target editing of ZF-DdCBEs is likely too high for therapeutic applications, these findings demonstrate a compact, all-protein base editing research tool for precise editing of organelle or nuclear DNA without double-strand DNA breaks.
Engineered disorder in CO2 photocatalysis
Authors: Li Zhao , Mao Chengliang , Pei Qijun , Duchesne Paul N. , He Teng , Xia Meikun , Wang Jintao , Wang Lu , Song Rui , Ali Feysal M. , Meira Débora Motta , Ge Qingjie , Ghuman Kulbir Kaur , He Le , Zhang Xiaohong , Ozin Geoffrey A.
Published: November 2022

Light harvesting, separation of charge carriers, and surface reactions are three fundamental steps that are essential for an efficient photocatalyst. Here we show that these steps in the TiO2 can be boosted simultaneously by disorder engineering. A solid-state reduction reaction between sodium and TiO2 forms a core-shell c-TiO2@a-TiO2-x(OH)y heterostructure, comprised of HO-Ti-[O]-Ti surface frustrated Lewis pairs (SFLPs) embedded in an amorphous shell surrounding a crystalline core, which enables a new genre of chemical reactivity. Specifically, these SFLPs heterolytically dissociate dihydrogen at room temperature to form charge-balancing protonated hydroxyl groups and hydrides at unsaturated titanium surface sites, which display high reactivity towards CO2 reduction. This crystalline-amorphous heterostructure also boosts light absorption, charge carrier separation and transfer to SFLPs, while prolonged carrier lifetimes and photothermal heat generation further enhance reactivity. The collective results of this study motivate a general approach for catalytically generating sustainable chemicals and fuels through engineered disorder in heterogeneous CO2 photocatalysts.
Smc5/6’s multifaceted DNA binding capacities stabilize branched DNA structures
Authors: Chang Jeremy T-H. , Li Shibai , Beckwitt Emily C. , Than Thane , Haluska Cory , Chandanani Joshua , O’Donnell Michael E. , Zhao Xiaolan , Liu Shixin
Published: November 2022

Smc5/6 is an evolutionarily conserved SMC complex with roles in DNA replication and repair, as well as in viral DNA restriction. Understanding its multiple functions has been hampered by a lack of mechanistic studies on how the Smc5/6 complex associates with different types of DNA. Here we address this question by simultaneously visualizing the behavior of Smc5/6 on three types of DNA, namely double-stranded (ds) DNA, single-stranded (ss) DNA, and junction DNA formed by juxtaposed ss- and dsDNA, using correlative single-molecule fluorescence and force microscopy. We find that Smc5/6 displays distinct behaviors toward different types of DNA, dynamically associating with dsDNA while stably binding to junction DNA. Mechanistically, both the Nse1-3-4 subcomplex and ATP binding enhance the complex’s dsDNA association. In contrast, Smc5/6’s assembly onto ssDNA emanating from junction DNA, which occurs even in the presence high-affinity ssDNA binders, is aided by Nse1-3-4, but not by ATP. Moreover, we show that Smc5/6 protects junction DNA stability by preventing ssDNA annealing. The multifaceted DNA association behaviors of Smc5/6 provide a framework for understanding its diverse functions in genome maintenance and viral DNA restriction.
Inflammatory bone marrow signaling in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia distinguishes patients with poor outcomes
Authors: Bolouri Hamid , Ries Rhonda E. , Wiedeman Alice E. , Hylkema Tiffany , Scheiding Sheila , Gersuk Vivian H. , O’Brien Kimberly , Nguyen Quynh-Anh , Smith Jenny L. , Alice Long S. , Meshinchi Soheil
Published: November 2022

High levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the bone marrow are associated with poor outcomes in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (pAML), but its etiology remains unknown. Using RNA-seq data from pre-treatment bone marrows of 1489 children with pAML, we show that > 20% of patients have concurrent IL-6, IL-1, IFNα/β, and TNFα signaling activity and poorer outcomes. Targeted sequencing of pre-treatment bone marrow samples from affected patients (n = 181) revealed 5 highly recurrent patterns of somatic mutation. Using differential expression analyses of the most common genomic subtypes (~60% of total), we identify high expression of multiple potential drivers of inflammation-related treatment resistance. Regardless of genomic subtype, we show that JAK1/2 inhibition reduces receptor-mediated inflammatory signaling by leukemic cells in-vitro. The large number of high-risk pAML genomic subtypes presents an obstacle to the development of mutation-specific therapies. Our findings suggest that therapies targeting inflammatory signaling may be effective across multiple genomic subtypes of pAML.
Phase separation modulates the assembly and dynamics of a polarity-related scaffold-signaling hub
Authors: Tan Wei , Cheng Sihua , Li Yingying , Li Xiao-Yang , Lu Ning , Sun Jingxian , Tang Guiyue , Yang Yujiao , Cai Kezhu , Li Xuefei , Ou Xijun , Gao Xiang , Zhao Guo-Ping , Childers W. Seth , Zhao Wei
Published: November 2022

Asymmetric cell division (ACD) produces morphologically and behaviorally distinct cells and is the primary way to generate cell diversity. In the model bacteriumCaulobacter crescentus, the polarization of distinct scaffold-signaling hubs at the swarmer and stalked cell poles constitutes the basis of ACD. However, mechanisms involved in the formation of these hubs remain elusive. Here, we show that a swarmer-cell-pole scaffold, PodJ, forms biomolecular condensates both in vitro and in living cells via phase separation. The coiled-coil 4–6 and the intrinsically disordered regions are the primary domains that contribute to biomolecular condensate generation and signaling protein recruitment in PodJ. Moreover, a negative regulation of PodJ phase separation by the stalked-cell-pole scaffold protein SpmX is revealed. SpmX impedes PodJ cell-pole accumulation and affects its recruitment ability. Together, by modulating the assembly and dynamics of scaffold-signaling hubs, phase separation may serve as a general biophysical mechanism that underlies the regulation of ACD in bacteria and other organisms.
Switchable catalysis and CO2 sensing by reduction resistant, luminescent copper–thiolate complexes
Authors: Sahoo Satya Ranjan , Bera Debkumar , Saha Sumit , Goswami Nirmal
Published: November 2022

Metal–thiolate complexes have been the focus of research for several years because of their unique photophysical properties and their use as a precursor for synthesizing various well-defined metal nanoclusters.
Synthesis and living crystallization-driven self-assembly of backbone asymmetric and symmetric π-conjugated oligo(p-phenylene ethynylene)-based block copolymers
Authors: Nie Jiucheng , Huang Xiaoyu , Lu Guolin , Winnik Mitchell A. , Feng Chun
Published: November 2022

The backbone symmetry of π-conjugated segments is one of the most important structural factors that affect their crystalline behaviors.
Heavy metalla vinyl-cations show metal–Lewis acid cooperativity in reaction with small molecules (NH3, N2H4, H2O, H2)
Authors: Auer Maximilian , Bolten Janina , Eichele Klaus , Schubert Hartmut , Sindlinger Christian P. , Wesemann Lars
Published: November 2022

Tetrylidinium–iridium cations [ArE = IrHL3]+(E = Ge, Sn) show a vinyl-cation type bonding situation and are highly reactive electrophiles acting as a cooperative metal–ligand Lewis acid enabling 1,2-addition of NH3, N2H4, H2O, HCl and H2.
Welche Kommunikationstechniken sind bei Physiotherapeut*innen während einer Bewegungsberatung mit Personen mit axialer Spondyloarthritis identifizierbar? – Eine Querschnittstudie
Authors: Vogt Ulisse Patrizio , Rausch Anne-Kathrin , Niedermann Karin
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund Die Schweizerische Vereinigung Morbus Bechterew (SVMB) hat kürzlich das BeFit-Konzept in der Gruppentherapie für Personen mit axialer Spondyloarthritis (axSpA, umgangssprachlich M. Bechterew) implementiert. Ein wichtiger Bestandteil des BeFit-Konzepts ist eine gezielte Bewegungsberatung zur Förderung von selbstständigem Training. Die Kommunikationskompetenz von Physiotherapeut*innen (PT) gilt dabei als Voraussetzung für eine gelungene und wirksame Patientenedukation (PE), ist bisher aber wenig untersucht.

Ziel Analyse, welche Kommunikationstechniken PT während der Bewegungsberatung mit Personen mit axSpA anwenden.

Methode Es wurde eine Querschnittstudie mit PT und Personen mit axSpA der SVMB-Gruppentherapien durchgeführt. Die Bewegungsberatungen wurden mit Audio aufgenommen, die Kommunikationstechniken anhand des Manuals „The Calgary Cambridge Referenced Observation Guide One“ identifiziert. Das Manual enthält 5 Gesprächsabschnitte (1. Einleiten der Sitzung, 2. Informationssammlung, 3. Strukturierung der Konsultation, 4. Beziehungsaufbau, 5. Beenden der Sitzung) mit 38 Techniken, wovon 6 nicht analysiert werden konnten. Eingeschlossen wurden die Techniken, die mindestens einmal identifiziert wurden. Je strukturierter die Beratung war und je mehr Techniken identifiziert wurden, desto besser konnte die Kommunikation der PT während der Beratungsgespräche bewertet werden.

Ergebnisse Es nahmen 12 PT und 41 Personen mit axSpA teil. Somit wurden 41 Bewegungsberatungen ausgewertet. Insgesamt wurden bei 10 von 12 (85 %) der PT in allen Beratungen die 32 eingeschlossenen Kommunikationstechniken mit einer Häufigkeit der einzelnen Techniken zwischen einmal und 41-mal identifiziert. Der Gesprächsabschnitt „Strukturierung der Konsultation“ zeigte die höchste Häufigkeit zwischen 29- und 41-mal.

Schlussfolgerung Die strukturierte Kommunikation ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der PE. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Mehrheit der PT die Bewegungsberatungen mit Patient*innen mit axSpA strukturiert durchführten und die Kommunikationstechniken umfassend identifiziert werden konnten. Die unterschiedlich häufige Anwendung der einzelnen Techniken kann dazu genutzt werden, die Kommunikation der PT in den Bewegungsberatungen für Personen mit axSpA gezielt zu schulen und zu optimieren.
The concept of register in heritage language retention
Authors: Olfert Helena
Published: November 2022

This paper argues for a greater consideration of the role of register in the retention of heritage languages by analyzing data on adolescent heritage-language speakers in Germany. The study addresses the following question: Which language external factors have the greatest impact on heritage-language retention in the intimate vs formal registers? A questionnaire was filled out by 202 students (age 15–17) in an urban area in Germany, who are all heritage-language speakers of 42 different languages. The major finding of this study is that heritage-language retention is determined by different language-external factors in each register. The fact that different models of heritage-language retention can be postulated for different language registers emphasizes the need to describe the language competences of heritage-language speakers according to registers.
Social interaction in local public squares after dark
Authors: Hennig VKR , Fotios S , Gentile N , Sternudd C , Johansson M
Published: November 2022

This paper explores social interaction in local public squares under different lighting conditions. At its best public squares are social spaces that engender a sense of belonging, increase the quality of life and wellbeing of individuals. It is proposed that outdoor lighting would be essential to the use of the public realm after dark, but empirical results regarding lighting conditions and social aspects of life in public squares are limited. Based on a socio-physical conceptual model of the transactional relationship of the user, the lit environment and the behavioural outcome, this study investigated active social interaction in daylight compared to after dark. A field study was conducted in two local public squares in Malmö, Sweden. The occurrences of which visitors were being alone, in pairs, or in groups of three or more (N=2522), and verbal or non-verbal interaction amongst those in company of another person were recorded. The lit appearance of the two squares after dark, was assessed with HDR-photography and photometric measurements; portraying dissimilar spatial, spectral and intensity characteristics. The results of social interaction show dissimilar patterns of the two squares; an increase in social interaction in EL after dark was observed in one of the squares, while a decrease in the afternoon and no significant difference was displayed in the evening after dark in the other square. It is suggested that lighting may sustain patterns of social interaction after dark, however it might be, that the company of another is especially important after dark.
True specs for dimmed and colour tuned LED luminaires
Authors: Dam-Hansen C , Thorseth A , Corell D D , Bay A , Krause C , Kofod C
Published: November 2022

Colour tunable and dimmable LED lamps and LED luminaires are used increasingly in both domestic and professional lighting sector. The documentation of energy and light quality performance are often very limited for only for a single setting of multiple possible settings. Fifteen LED lamps and eight LED luminaires that are dimmable and tuneable white have been selected for demonstration of the variations in these parameters and possible errors in lighting design simulations. These have been tested in over twenty modes of operation including dimming from 100% to 25%, and correlated colour temperature (CCT) settings from 2200K to 6500K. The inherent standby power of these colour tuneable devices is measured, and the overall efficacy is evaluated in normal usage situations. In average for all tested LED lamps and luminaires 49% and 33% of the energy consumption is used in standby mode for 1h and 2h on time pr. day, respectively. The extensive set of test results show that there can be very large variations in e.g. the luminous flux, luminous efficacy and stroboscopic visibility measure (SVM), while others are very consistent over the modes of operation. The luminous flux shows variations of down to 22% of the maximum and rated value, and these lowest values occurs at the lowest CCT. The best performing has over 90% at all CCT settings. For the luminous efficacy most test results show a maximum value at 4000K or at the maximum CCT, and variations down to 20-50% of the maximum efficacy. The SVM is shown to increase to values over 1 and up to 2.4 at low dimming levels or low light output, demonstrating that stroboscopic effect will be visible for the majority of people and hence a problem in such settings. This is seen for approx. half the tested while the others have SVM < 0.4 for all settings and will not be visible over all settings. These results demonstrate the need for testing over the possible modes of operation to be able to correctly design and simulate a lighting installation using dimmable and colour tunable LED lamps and luminaires. The needed new dataformats and adoption of these from test laboratories to lighting software, in order for lighting designers and energy engineers to be able to make use of the extensive test results, are discussed.