bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMERGENCE OF INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS LINES FROM FIVE DEPTHS OF SEEDING
Authors: Lawrence T.
Published: March 2010

A study was conducted on 24 lines of Agropyron intermedium (Host.) Beauv. relating the size of seed to the depth from which emergence would occur. No consistent relationship was found to exist, although highly significant differences in emergence from depths of 2 inches and over did exist between lines. The results suggest that it might be worthwhile to use emergence ability from deep seedings as a selection criterion, but size of seed in itself appears to have no value.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE RELATION BETWEEN NECTAR SECRETION AND NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, AND POTASSIUM NUTRITION
Authors: Shuel R. W.
Published: March 2010

The influence of mineral nutrition on nectar secretion both per se and in relation to certain aspects of growth and development was studied in snapdragon and red clover plants growing in sand culture. Snapdragon was grown at two levels each of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, red clover at three levels each of phosphorus and potassium. The volume of nectar and weight of nectar sugar secreted per inflorescence were affected by the supply of each of the elements studied. Secretion in snapdragon was favoured by the lower levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Secretion in red clover was best at the low and intermediate levels of phosphorus and at the intermediate level of potassium. Although a high concentration of phosphorus or potassium in the mineral supply reduced secretion in both species, the threshold concentration for this inhibitory effect was higher in red clover than in snapdragon. High concentrations of potassium consistently reduced the sugar concentration of the nectar in both species. Flower number as well as quantity of secretion per inflorescence varied with nutritional treatment. For maximal production of nectar by the plant, the following conditions of fertility would appear desirable: A level of nitrogen low enough to avoid excessive vegetative growth, a level of phosphorus sufficient to promote good flowering, and a level of potassium which is neither low enough to limit growth severely nor high enough to reduce flower production.
DOWNY MILDEW OF ONION AND ITS CONTROL IN THE BRITISH COLUMBIA INTERIOR
Authors: Woolliams G. Ewart
Published: March 2010

Downy mildew of onion appeared initially in the semi-arid British Columbia Interior about 50 years after onion crops had been first grown commercially. The year of its appearance, 1942, was abnormally wet, and this condition suggested that the weather had previously been unfavourable for its establishment. However, the disease has since persisted and has caused damage in most seasons. The pathogen was probably present on infected living plants introduced shortly before the appearance of the disease.Systemic overwintering of the pathogen in diseased bulbs occurs only occasionally. Heat treatment of seed mother bulbs was found to injure them sufficiently to seriously reduce the number and height of seed stalks.Zineb provided best control in fall-planted, spring-planted, and seed crop onions. Maneb and ferbam were less effective. Captan and NP–1282 were ineffective. Control was found to be effective only if a spray was applied at first indication of mildew in a district.
THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM ON LODGING IN OATS
Authors: Casserly L. M.
Published: March 2010

Studies under both greenhouse and field conditions have been conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on lodging of oats. Resistance to lodging in oats is influenced to an important degree by the development of culm, coronal root system, and plant height. The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on the three characters were measured and combined into single lodging index value in order to determine the complete effect of treatment on lodging.Phosphorus improved lodging resistance to an important degree. Nitrogen increased lodging susceptibility, except when it was combined with phosphorus. Potassium, alone, improved lodging resistance but was not effective when applied with either phosphorus or nitrogen. The greatest resistance to lodging was provided by a combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
FURTHER EXPERIMENTS ON CONTROL OF THE ONION MAGGOT, HYLEMYA ANTIQUA (MG.), IN THE INTERIOR OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Finlayson D. G.
Published: March 2010

Experiments at two localities in the interior of British Columbia in 1952 and 1953 showed that a seed treatment of dieldrin at 0.5 oz. per pound of seed gave as good control of the onion maggot as any other treatment, was not phytotoxic, and gave the highest yield of marketable onions each year. Lindane, 25 per cent wettable powder, applied three times at 10-day intervals to the soil surface at 1 lb. of toxicant per acre per application gave consistently good control and high yields, but was more expensive in both labour and materials. Calomel at 1 lb. per pound of seed gave satisfactory control in a light infestation but cost twenty times as much as dieldrin. DDT at 8 oz. per pound of seed gave effective control but the bulk of insecticide on the seed caused jamming of the seeder. When the amount of DDT was reduced the degree of damage increased. Lindane as a seed treatment at 1 oz. per pound of seed was extremely phytotoxic. The same amount of aldrin applied in a similar manner was phytotoxic but to a lesser degree.
SOME FACTORS AFFECTING HULL ADHERENCE IN BARLEY
Authors: Reinbergs E. , Huntley D. N.
Published: March 2010

The effects of stage of maturity, and methods of drying after cutting, on hull adherence were evaluated on different varieties of barley by determining their susceptibility to hull damage when exposed to rough handling, and by observing the percentage of abnormally projecting acrospires in subsequent germination.The percentage of kernels with hull damage and with abnormal acrospire growth in subsequent germination in the three varieties tested were highest when they were harvested late, i.e., when ready for combining; and lowest when harvested early, i.e., the mid-dough stage.The three barley varieties, G.B. 19, Montcalm and O.A.C. 21, when dried in the field in uncovered stooks had a significantly higher percentage of both damaged kernels and abnormal acrospire growth than when dried in the barn or in the field covered by canvas or capped with sheaves.Significant differences in susceptibility to damage and abnormal acrospire growth associated with differences in locations and varieties were found when 25 barley varieties were grown in six counties of Ontario in 1952 and 1953. In these tests a highly significant positive correlation was found to exist between hull damage and abnormal acrospire growth. However, some notable exceptions occurred, suggesting that the seed coat as well as the hull of the barley kernel is an important factor in obtaining normal acrospire growth during germination.A relatively simple method of evaluating hull adherence in barley varieties is described.
A PORTABLE FORAGE CROP CHOPPER
Authors: Allard O.
Published: March 2010

A small portable forage crop chopper, constructed from the reel and cutterbar assembly of a power lawn mower, is described. The unit is powered by the engine originally used on the power lawn mower. It has been designed for chopping forage plot material required for sampling purposes. The low cost of construction, compactness, weight, and size makes it well suited and easily transported for the conducting of regional tests.
GENETIC ANALYSES OF CERTAIN CHARACTERS IN COMMON WHEAT USING WHOLE CHROMOSOME SUBSTITUTION LINES
Authors: Kuspira John , Unrau John
Published: March 2010

Three sets of substitution lines of the spring wheat variety Chinese with chromosomes from the donor varieties Thatcher, Hope and Timstein were used to study the genetics of awning, earliness, lodging, plant height, spike density, 1000-kernel weight and yield. The various substitution lines, each representing a genotype that differs from that of the recipient variety only with respect to the genes carried by the substituted chromosome, were studied in replicated field trials so that environmental effects on the character in question could be easily removed by appropriate analysis. This permitted a comparison of the genetic effects of individual chromosomes against the standard based on the performance of a population of like genotypes.Genes conditioning awning were associated with seven chromosomes. Studies of earliness indicated that time of heading is conditioned by (a) major genes that differentiate spring and winter growth habit, and (b) genes that modify the expression of growth habit genes to a greater or lesser extent. Differences in spike density among the lines were due to minor genes only; the same was true for plant height. Lodging, protein content, 1000-kernel weight and yield were found to be conditioned by polymeric or multiple genes on many chromosomes; the effects of these individual genes though small were not usually equal.Where a substituted chromosome brings about a significant departure in character expression from that of the recipient variety, a method is outlined whereby the number of genes on a particular chromosome can be determined. The merits of the substitution method are discussed, and it is concluded that it is valuable, and gives a high degree of precision in genetic studies of polyploid organisms and that under certain conditions its effectiveness is similar to that of the backcross method for incorporating characters controlled by one or two genes into a given line or variety.
THE IDENTIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF PHYSIOLOGIC RACES OF ASCOCHYTA PISI LIB. IN CANADA
Authors: Wallen V. R.
Published: March 2010

Based upon the reactions of seven pea varieties selected for their suitability as differential hosts, four distinct physiologic races of Ascochyta pisi Lib. were found among 80 isolates of the fungus obtained from diseased pea plants and infected seeds from six provinces in Canada. The geographic distribution of each of the races was as follows: I and II from the Prairie Provinces; III the Georgian Bay area and central Ontario, and IV the Ottawa Valley and to a lesser extent central and western Ontario, Quebec, and Nova Scotia.
ROOT AND STALK ROT OF FIELD CORN IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO: I. SEQUENCE OF INFECTION AND INCIDENCE OF THE DISEASE IN RELATION TO MATURATION OF INBRED LINES
Authors: Whitney N. J. , Mortimore C. G.
Published: March 2010

Examination of selected corn inbreds in a disease nursery revealed that root rot and stalk rot are successive phases of a disease which begins in the roots and later spreads into the stalk. Stalk rot first appeared on the inbred of early maturity, later on the inbred of medium maturity, and still later on the inbreds of late maturity. The stalk rot phase of the disease did not occur until the inbreds had reached a late stage in their development.
FURTHER STUDIES OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF SOIL PHOSPHORUS TESTS TO THE PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT OF THE TOMATO
Authors: Heeney H. B.
Published: March 2010

From previous results and from 16 additional trials relating Bray acid-soluble plus adsorbed phosphorus to the phosphorus fertilizer requirement of the tomato crop in Prince Edward County, Ontario, the mean c1 constant for 66 trials was 0.00410, and the mean c constant for 40 comparisons was 0.00428. The standard error was ± 0.00027 for the mean c1 value and ± 0.00031 for the mean c value. The mean c1 value for trials conducted in a single year differed from the mean for all trials in only one of six years. The mean c value for each of three years did not deviate significantly from the general mean.The use of the established constants in estimating the amounts of phosphorus required for 95 per cent of maximum yield in the area is illustrated for a range of soil test values. When recommended amounts of phosphorus for 95 per cent of maximum yield were used in the 16 trials, the mean value obtained for percentage of maximum yield was 96. With less than the recommended amounts, the values for percentage yield tended to decrease, the mean value for three-quarters of that recommended being 89 per cent.
PREVALENCE OF HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM, FUSARIUM CULMORUM AND CERTAIN OTHER FUNGI IN EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS SUBJECTED TO VARIOUS CULTURAL AND MANURIAL TREATMENTS
Authors: Machacek J. E.
Published: March 2010

Sixty-two genera of micro-fungi were found in the soil of experimental plots during a 7-year period of sampling. Five saprophytic species (Aspergillus flavipes (Bain. & Sart.) Thorn & Church, Penicillium chrysogenum Thom, P. intricatum Thom, P. restrictum Gilm. & Abbott, and P. terrestre Jensen) made up 52.7 per cent of the fungus colonies found on soil-dilution plates of Czapek's medium agar. The total for two parasitic fungi (Helminthosporium sativum Pamm., King & Bakke, and Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc.) usually associated with common root rot of cereals, was only 0.5 per cent.Variation in soil temperature and rainfall during the soil-sampling period did not affect the number of fungus colonies that appeared on the dilution plates; neither did crop rotation nor soil fertilization. However, the location of a plot in the experimental field did affect the number of colonies of Penicillium intricatum and P. restrictum, and the pattern of their occurrence, although different for each fungus, was consistent from year to year. Each of the other five fungi studied was recovered from all the plots with about the same frequency. It is suggested that P. intricatum and P. restrictum are more resistant than the other fungi to ordinary antibiotic agencies of the particular soil considered and are consequently capable of multiplying according to the suitability of the soil habitat.
A CROP HARVESTER FOR FORAGE PLOTS
Authors: Kemp J. G. , Kalbfleisch Wm.
Published: March 2010

The small crop harvester described is designed to cut yield samples from forage experimental plots. The machine, based on the principle of a flail type forage harvester, is mounted on a standard 2-plough tractor by a conventional three-point hitch and the rotor mechanism is driven from the tractor power take-off shaft. The unit cuts a swath 35 inches wide. The chopped forage material is delivered directly to an attached collection box which has a capacity for 80 lb. of green chopped material and can be unloaded from the rear. This device operates efficiently on grass or legume crops of any density with a height up to 30 inches and it chops the material into suitable lengths for sampling purposes.
SOME ASPECTS OF A RYANIA-GLYODIN SPRAY SCHEDULE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA APPLE ORCHARDS: I. ENTOMOLOGICAL, HORTICULTURAL, AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS
Authors: Morgan C. V. G. , Anderson N. H.
Published: March 2010

In apple orchards at Summerland, B.C., four applications of 100 per cent ryania at 48 lb. per acre per application, with glyodin as the fungicide, gave control of light infestations of the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.), similar to that from four sprays of 50 per cent DDT at 12 lb. per acre, with lime-sulphur, ferbam, and wettable sulphur. In a heavily-infested orchard, ryania was inferior to DDT. The ryania-glyodin schedule also controlled the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausm.), and the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeG. It had little detrimental effect on predacious mites. Except for the apple rust mite, Vasates schlechtendali (Nal.), phytophagous mites were usually not so troublesome where the modified schedule was used.Packing-house records showed that the ryania-glyodin schedule reduced the size and lowered the grade of McIntosh, Newtown, and Delicious apples, and reduced the size of Red Delicious. Grade of Red Delicious was better with the modified than with the standard schedule. The 1954 applications of the modified schedule evidently reduced the size of the 1955 crops on all varieties; most seriously affected were McIntosh with 76.2 per cent reduction and Delicious with 53.7 per cent.
YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF OATS WHEN HARVESTED AT FOUR STAGES OF MATURITY
Authors: MacLaren R. B. , Carson R. B.
Published: March 2010

Yield and chemical composition of three varieties of oats harvested at four stages of maturity were studied over a 4-year period. Yields increased as harvesting was delayed from "early dough" to "late dough" and to the "ripe" stage, but decreased when the grain was over-ripe. Percentage of hull decreased with increasing maturity at harvest. There were no significant differences in the proximate constituents due to stage of maturity at harvest. Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium did not appear to be affected by stage of maturity at harvest, but potassium was significantly lower at both the "ripe" and "over-ripe" stages.
WHEAT RUST EPIDEMICS IN WESTERN CANADA IN 1953, 1954 AND 1955
Authors: Peturson Bjorn
Published: March 2010

Leaf rust and stem rust of wheat (Puccinia triticina Erikss. and P. graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. and Henn.) were abundant in the Prairie Provinces of Canada in 1953, 1954 and 1955. Considerable rust damage was caused in all 3 years but particularly in 1954, when both rusts were heavy throughout most of Manitoba and Saskatchewan and in a considerable area in east-central Alberta. In all 3 years, seeding was late and spores arrived early. Abundant moisture favoured rust development throughout the entire seasons of 1953 and 1954 and during the first half of the 1955 season.In 1953, as a consequence of early arrival of rust spores and an extended period of rainy weather, rust losses were greater than in any year since 1935. Much the greatest damage was caused to durums. In 1954, late seeding, much above normal precipitation over wide areas, and a great northward movement of rust spores at an early date into Saskatchewan, where most of the wheat is grown, resulted in the most severe and widespread rust epidemic in Canada's history. In 1955, high rainfall, late seeding, and a northward movement of rust spores favoured the early establishment of leaf and stem rust, especially in Manitoba. Subsequent rust development was mitigated by two factors: first, the onset of hot, dry weather about mid-July, which hastened crop maturity and retarded rust spread; and second, the presence of a large acreage in Manitoba and eastern Saskatchewan of the stem- and leaf-rust-resistant variety Selkirk and the leaf-rust-resistant variety Lee, which greatly limited the increase of inoculum of both rusts.It is estimated that leaf rust and stem rust reduced wheat yields in Western Canada by upwards of 45 million bushels in 1953; 150 million bushels in 1954; and 9 million bushels in 1955.
INHERITANCE OF REACTION TOUSTILAGO HORDEI(PERS.) LAGERH. IN CULTIVATED BARLEY
Authors: Wells S. A.
Published: March 2010

Results from inoculated F1, F2, and F3generations of diallel crosses between five resistant varieties and one susceptible variety of barley (Junior) indicated that four different genes for resistance to Ustilago hordei were involved. A dominant gene for resistance appears to be common to Titan, O.A.C. 21, Ogalitsu, and Anoidium. Anoidium carries a second dominant gene for resistance (designated Uk2), Ogalitsu an additional recessive (designated uh3), and Jet, a single recessive (designated uh4). Interpretation of the results was complicated by skewed F2and F3distributions resulting from seedling mortality of severely infected plants. Chi-square tests for independence of morphological characters indicated that a gene for awn barbing is located in linkage group I. No association was found between inheritance of covered smut reaction and inheritance of number of kernel rows, lemma teeth, lemma and pericarp colour, hull adherence, aleurone colour, awn barbing, length of rachilla hairs, or rachis pubescence.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF VARIOUS COMMERCIAL GRADES OF CANADIAN FLUE-CURED TOBACCO
Authors: Elliot J. M. , Birch E. C.
Published: March 2010

A study was made of the chemical composition of 21 commercial grades of Canadian flue-cured tobacco, selected from a 50-acre crop of Hicks variety in 1955. Arbitrary prices were assigned to the various grades of tobacco. Correlation coefficients between the chemical values and the assigned grade prices were calculated. Ethanol extracts, total sugars, reducing sugars, and hygroscopicity gave significant positive correlations; total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, total alkaloids, nicotine, calcium, and magnesium gave negative correlations. These coefficients indicated that quality measured by these laboratory methods conformed with leaf-graded quality. Correlation coefficients were not significant between grade quality and petroleum ether extract, sucrose, starch, ash, silica, potassium, phosphorus, chlorine, sulphur, burn, or pH.
INFLUENCE OF WEATHERING ON DDT COVERAGE IN A POTATO SPRAY PROGRAM
Authors: Pond D. D. , Chisholm D.
Published: March 2010

Weathering caused most of the early reduction in deposits of DDT sprayed on potato foliage in experiments at Fredericton, N.B., in 1953 and 1954. During July and August plants in the field lost 26 to 63 per cent of initial DDT deposits within 24 hours after spraying. This was significantly greater than that lost by comparable plants under greenhouse conditions.
MALTING QUALITY OF CANADIAN BARLEYS. VII. PARKLAND
Authors: Bendelow V. M. , Meredith W. O. S. , Johnston W. H.
Published: March 2010

The variety Parkland, which was licensed for sale in Canada in 1956, is equal to O.A.C. 21 in malting quality. This variety was tested for 6 years under a wide environmental range in Western Canada and is similar to O.A.C. 21 in barley, malting and malt properties. Parkland has the advantage of yielding a higher malt extract.Parkland is the first malting barley to be produced in Canada by the coordinated efforts of the plant breeder and cereal chemist at all stages of development. Prediction and malting tests proved valuable in providing the plant breeder with information on parents and hybrid lines, thus enabling him to make better selections in his crossing program. Details of quality testing of the various parents and the variety are given.
A NINETEEN-CHROMOSOME BARLEY PLANT
Authors: Mochizuki A. , Reinbergs E.
Published: March 2010

One plant with a somatic chromosome number of 19 was found in a population of 400 basically tetraploid plants of the barley variety O.A.C. 21. The morphology and cytology of this plant is described. Cytological observations indicate that the 19-chromosome plant was produced by the union of 2n−2 and n gametes.
STUDIES ON THE CYTOLOGY OF BROMEGRASS, BROMUS INERMIS LEYSS.
Authors: Sigurbjörnsson Björn , Mochizuki Akira , Truscott John D.
Published: March 2010

A population of 222 plants of 16 varieties and strains of northern and southern bromegrass was studied for somatic chromosome number. The following observations were noted: Aneuploid plants, including the chromosome numbers 54, 55, 57 and 58, were found within the species, Bromus inermis. One plant was found to have 49 chromosomes. A cytological difference was found between certain varieties of northern and southern types of bromegrass. The northern type had a significantly higher number of aneuploid plants with chromosome numbers in excess of 56, while the southern type had more aneuploid plants with fewer than 56 chromosomes. Some evidence was found suggesting that selection of northern type strains may bring about a simultaneous selection for additional chromosomes, whereas selection for southern type strains may involve a simultaneous selection for plants with missing chromosomes. Average seed set was found to be lowered in the presence of two additional chromosomes or absence of two chromosomes from the euploid complement.
NOTE ON AN AUTOMATIC START DEVICE FOR FROST CONTROL BY SPRINKLER IRRIGATION
Authors: IRWIN R. W. , TIESSEN H.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON A FLUORESCENCE TEST TO DISTINGUISH SEEDS OF ALFALFA AND SWEET CLOVER IN MIXTURES
Authors: BRINK V. C.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON THE EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPIKE PRIMORDIA IN BARLEY
Authors: Johnson L. P. V. , Taylor A. R.
Published: March 2010

not available
INFLUENCES OF TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE ON HATCHING OF EGGS OF THE PALE WESTERN CUTWORM, AGROTIS ORTHOGONIA MORR. (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Jacobson L. A. , Blakeley P. E.
Published: March 2010

Laboratory studies showed that hatching of fully developed eggs of the pale western cutworm varied directly with temperature and relative humidity, that prolonged exposure to temperatures from −5° to −15 °C. did not affect ultimate hatch, and that desiccation, particularly in the range 20° to 30 °C., caused considerable embryo mortality. Studies outdoors showed that 45 to 60 days were required in the fall to complete embryonic development and that most of the hatching occurred in the early spring. Findings in the laboratory, corroborated by studies outdoors, showed that eggs are admirably adapted to develop, withstand climatic factors, and hatch at a time when their survival is ensured.
THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF SPRING WHEAT GROWN ON STUBBLE FIELDS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA
Authors: Russell G. C. , Smith A. D. , Pittman U. J.
Published: March 2010

Varying rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were applied to hard red spring wheat grown on stubble fields at three locations in southern Alberta in 1955 and 1956. Significant yield increases were obtained at the three locations in 1955 as a result of applications of nitrogen. At two of the three locations further increases in yield resulted from the addition of phosphorus. In 1956 significant yield increases were obtained at two of the three locations following nitrogen applications, and at only one of these locations did the addition of phosphorus result in further significant increases in yield. At two of the three locations in both 1955 and 1956 high rates of nitrogen fertilizer caused significant increases in protein content over the unfertilized check. Phosphorus additions significantly reduced the effect of nitrogen on the protein content at one location in one year, but had no consistent effect in the other experiments. The experimental results indicate that, when moisture is adequate, more than 40 lb. of nitrogen per acre, and at least 80 lb. per acre in some cases, must be applied before increases in protein content of spring wheat can be expected.
GROWTH OF FOUR RACES OF PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS (MONT.) DE BARY IN SYNTHETIC MEDIA
Authors: Hodgson W. A.
Published: March 2010

A basal medium is described containing three inorganic salts, dextrose, asparagine and thiamine, that supported the growth of races 1,2 and 1,2,3 of Phytophthora infestans, but not that of races 0 and 1. The medium supported growth of races 0 and 1 when peptone was added, but not when 24 other nitrogen sources were added singly. The addition of any one of 24 carbon sources failed to promote growth of race 1. None of 12 vitamins tested promoted the growth of all four races. However, one of the vitamins, ascorbic acid, and another reducing compound, sodium thioglycollate, promoted growth of races 0 and 1. A number of organic nitrogen compounds were utilized by races 1,2 and 1,2,3 but others, along with ammonium and nitrate salts, were not. Races 1,2 and 1,2,3 differed in their ability to utilize lysine and norleucine, and several nitrogen sources inhibited growth of both races. The best carbon sources for the growth of races 1,2 and 1,2,3 were dextrose, fructose, sucrose and glycerol.
CONTROL OF STEM AND LEAF RUST OF WHEAT WITH FUNGICIDES
Authors: Forsyth F. R. , Peturson B.
Published: March 2010

The results of field evaluations of fungicides for the control of stem and leaf rust of wheat at Winnipeg are presented. Economical control was achieved by means of chemicals, especially nabam plus zinc sulphate, provided that the rainfall was not adverse during the period of the spray program. Zineb was as effective as nabam plus zinc sulphate but was considerably more expensive. Four to five applications each of [Formula: see text] quarts (Imp.) nabam (19 per cent) and [Formula: see text] pound zinc sulphate per acre gave effective control. It was extremely important to begin application of the chemicals early, when only a trace of rust was present.The problem of controlling the cereal rusts with protective fungicides is discussed.
A TEST SILO AND APPARATUS FOR ENSILING STUDIES
Authors: Cooper D. J. , Cordukes W. E. , Kalbfleisch Wm.
Published: March 2010

Special equipment was developed to facilitate the ensiling and study of ensiled crops in small lots. A description is given of the design and use of an experimental metal silo, as well as the apparatus required for compacting the silage, weighing and moving the silo. Plastic sheeting greatly reduced the average silage losses while sawdust reduced somewhat the loss.
A MONOSOMIC ANALYSIS OF STEM RUST REACTION AND AWN EXPRESSION IN REDMAN WHEAT
Authors: Campbell A. B. , McGinnis R. C.
Published: March 2010

Using the recently developed monosomic aeries of Redman spring wheat in crosses with Prelude, genetic studies were undertaken on stem rust reaction and awn expression. It was found that chromosomes III, VIII and XIII of Redman carry factors for adult plant resistance to race 56 of Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. & Henn. These factors are complementary and dominant in action. Complementary dominant factors for awn suppression appear to be located on chromosomes IX and XVII. These results are discussed in the light of recent comparable monosomic studies.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ALFALFA AS RELATED TO DEGREE OF TOLERANCE TO MANGANESE AND ALUMINIUM
Authors: Ouellette G. J. , Dessureaux L.
Published: March 2010

In an attempt to study the nature of plant tolerance to soil acidity and related factors, a series of investigations was conducted with sand cultures to determine the chemical composition of alfalfa as related to its response to various concentrations of manganese, aluminium and calcium. All clones studied were affected, but to a variable degree, by an excess of manganese and aluminium. They absorbed approximately the same amounts of these elements but considerable differences were noted in their rate of translocation from the roots to the aerial organs. As a result, plants which were the least affected by manganese and aluminium contained smaller amounts of those two elements in their stems and leaves and larger amounts in their roots. Moreover, for a given content of manganese and aluminium in aerial organs, the degree of injury was approximately the same for all clones. More total and water-soluble calcium was found in so-called tolerant than non-tolerant plants. Also, an increase in the calcium concentration of the nutrient culture was effective in reducing manganese toxicity. These results suggest the theory that the rate of uptake of calcium by the plant is one of the factors determining its degree of tolerance to manganese and aluminium.
INHERITANCE OF EARLINESS IN BARLEY
Authors: Johnson L. P. V. , Paul G. I.
Published: March 2010

The F1, F2 and F3 of seven crosses between spring barley varieties of differential maturity periods were grown in the same year. Genetic analyses were largely based on F3 breeding types, six of which were distinguishable among frequency distributions of F3 hybrids classified in days-to-heading categories. Each breeding type was determined by characteristic variance and mean days-to-heading values. It was hypothesized that parents in each late × early cross differed by additive, increaser alleles at two loci, giving aiaibibi × a a b b. Theoretically, such a cross produces six F2 breeding types, viz., late, intermediate, and early homozygotes, and late, intermediate, and early heterozygotes; the ratio being 1:2:1:4:4:4. Observed frequencies being in good agreement with these expectations, it was concluded that the hypothesis accounted satisfactorily for the main features of inheritance. Minor discrepancies were attributed to modifying genes, the nature of which could not be determined.
THE EFFECTS OF 2,4-D SPRAY DRIFT ON SUNFLOWERS
Authors: Greenshields J. E. R. , Putt E. D.
Published: March 2010

At Saskatoon the effects of drift spray of the butyl ester, low volatile ester, and amine formulations of 2,4-D on growing sunflowers all resulted in distortion of the leaves and stems, and malformed heads. Effects decreased with distance but were clearly discernible at 120 rods. With a wind velocity of 9 miles per hour after 1 hour of spraying the total seed yield was reduced by 42, 38, and 37 per cent for ester, low volatile ester, and amine, respectively. Seed quality decreased with proximity to the sprayed area.Similar damage occurred at Morden when low volatile ester of 2,4-D was applied adjacent to a breeding nursery.
NOTE ON LEAF RUST REACTION OF CHINESE SPRING (THATCHER) SUBSTITUTION LINES
Authors: UNRAU JOHN , KUSPIRA JOHN , PETERSON R. F.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON RESISTANCE OF SUNFLOWERS TO LEAF MOTTLE DISEASE
Authors: Putt Eric D.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON A MACHINE FOR SUBSURFACE APPLICATION OF GRANULAR INSECTICIDES
Authors: READ D. C.
Published: March 2010

not available
MOISTURE AND NITROGEN CONTENTS OF STEM TISSUES FROM SOLID- AND HOLLOW-STEMMED VARIETIES OF SPRING WHEAT AND THEIR RELATION TO SAWFLY RESISTANCE
Authors: Kasting R. , Longair E. L. , McGinnis A. J.
Published: March 2010

Except in the top internode, the moisture and nitrogen contents of the piths of two solid-stemmed, sawfly-resistant varieties of spring wheat, Rescue and Golden Ball, were not greatly different from those of the wall of the hollow-stemmed susceptible variety, Thatcher, at 80 and 98 days after seeding. The moisture and nitrogen contents of the walls varied, depending upon variety, internode, and date of harvest. The nodes of Golden Ball contained significantly greater quantities of moisture and nitrogen than did those of Rescue and Thatcher. The results indicate that, for the stages investigated, quantitative deficiencies in moisture and nitrogen contents of resistant varieties are not responsible for poor larval development.
VEGETATION ZONES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE SOILS AND CLIMATE OF THE UPPER COLUMBIA VALLEY
Authors: McLean Alastair , Holland W. D.
Published: March 2010

The study reported deals with a description of the climate, vegetation and soils of the Upper Columbia Valley, British Columbia, between the valley floor and about 3500-ft. elevation.Precipitation appears to be the principal factor governing both soils and vegetation development in the region. Most of the soils in the valley have been derived from highly calcareous parent material. The zonal soils include Dark Brown, Brown Wooded, Gray-Wooded, Brown Podzolic-Gray Wooded, Podzol Gray Wooded and Podzols.Within the main Columbia Valley there appears to be a good parallel relationship between soils and vegetation, at least at the great soil group level. The same relationships that exist in the main valley do not appear to hold, however, in the tributary valleys to the west where the soil parent material is less calcareous.The vegetation of the region has been broken down into three major vegetation zones, namely, Douglas-fir, cedar/hemlock, and spruce/fir. The Douglas-fir zone was divided into two sub-zones, groveland and forest.
NOTE ON A PORTABLE FIELD GROWTH CHAMBER FOR WINTER INJURY STUDIES
Authors: Holmes R. M. , Robertson G. W.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON PERSONAL ERROR IN ESTIMATES OF BASAL AREA WHEN USING THE VERTICAL POINT METHOD
Authors: Johnston A.
Published: March 2010

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ACIDITY OF RHUBARB PETIOLES AS INFLUENCED BY STAGE OF MATURITY, SEASON AND PARTIAL SHADING
Authors: Forest B.
Published: March 2010

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of stage of maturity and season on the acidity of rhubarb petioles. Some physiological or biochemical changes with age of petioles were determined. The changes in petioles of similar age developed at different periods of the growing season were also determined. The effect of shading the plants with cheesecloth was studied. Acidity determinations indicated that the younger petioles were more acid than older ones. The soluble potassium content increased as the petioles aged. The acid content of the petioles was low at the beginning of the harvesting period but was significantly higher at the end. Petioles grown in full sunshine were more acid than those grown in partial shade.
ANTHOCYANINS AND ANTHOCYANIDINS OF THE BARLEY PERICARP AND ALEURONE TISSUES
Authors: Mullick D. B. , Faris D. G. , Brink V. C. , Acheson R. M.
Published: March 2010

The anthocyanins and anthocyanidins of the pericarp and aleurone tissues of one white, three blue, two purple, and two black barley varieties were isolated by paper chromatography. Two anthocyanins, "B" and "C" (perhaps cyanidin-3-glucoside), occurred in one black and in the blue and purple varieties. Additionally, of three anthocyanins found in the two purple varieties, two, "D" and "E", were common to both and one, "F", was found only in the variety Gopal. Also found in the purple varieties was a poorly resolved group of anthocyanins designated as "A". Two anthocyanidins, delphinidin and cyanidin, were found in all varieties and one, pelargonidin, was found only in the purple varieties. It is probable that anthocyanins A and A1are delphinidin derivatives; anthocyanins C and D, cyanidin derivatives; and anthocyanins E and F, pelargonidin derivatives. The relationships of the anthocyanins to colour inheritance patterns were discussed.
SOME BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES ON STORAGE IN POTATOES FROM PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND, AND THEIR RELATION TO THE QUALITY OF CHIPS
Authors: Hawkins W. W. , Black Margaret , Dicks Carol Marie
Published: March 2010

Different varieties of potatoes were characterized by differences in their content of water, starch, and reducing sugar, and in susceptibility to change in response to the surrounding temperature.A critical concentration of 0.4 per cent reducing sugar was found, above which chips were dark brown, and unacceptable in flavour. Storage at 35° F. caused a rise in the concentration of reducing sugar in all varieties to between 1.5 and 4.0 per cent in 5 to 14 weeks. During storage at 50° F. the reducing sugar usually rose above 0.4 per cent in 9 to 13 weeks.Shrinkage and rot developed markedly in the Sebago, and to a less extent in the Katahdin, when the temperature was raised from 50° or 35° to 70° F., and the chips produced from them were poor in texture and flavour.A fall in the level of reducing sugar below 0.4 per cent occurred in 3 to 9 weeks during conditioning at 70° F. in the Netted Gem, Green Mountain, and Irish Cobbler varieties, and the chips from these were acceptable.The biochemical behaviour of the Netted Gem and Irish Cobbler was most conducive to the production of acceptable chips.
A NEW ROOT ROT OF FLORISTS' CHRYSANTHEMUMS IN ONTARIO
Authors: Kemp W. G.
Published: March 2010

An apparently undescribed root rot of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. occurred in 1953 on the horticultural variety "White Shasta" in an Ontario greenhouse. The disease was characterized by a severe root rot, general stunting and a foliar chlorosis and necrosis. A species of the form genus Phoma was found associated with the roots of affected plants. The disease has been reproduced repeatedly by inoculation with monoconidal cultures of the fungus. Symptoms appear to be most severe on plants growing in infested soil maintained at temperatures between 55° and 60°F. Inoculation tests suggest that the disease is restricted to the florists' chrysanthemum. Varieties of C. morifolium do, however, vary widely in their susceptibility to this root rot. There is no evidence that the pathogen is carried within cuttings taken from infected plants. Both steam sterlization and methyl bromide fumigation have completely eliminated the pathogen from infested soils.
CEREAL SMUT RACES AND THEIR VARIABILITY
Authors: Cherewick W. J.
Published: March 2010

The study of physiologic specialization in cereal smuts, excluding bunt of wheat, involved subjecting 2880 smut collections and selected subcultures to pathogenicity tests on differential varieties of host plants. The results of these tests showed that (a) a smut collection may consist of a pure strain but more frequently of mixed or heterozygous strains; (b) repeated passage of a variable culture through selected hosts occasionally yielded a stable strain which may be called a race; (c) the majority of variable cultures continued variable through ten generations of selection. Covered smut of oats was the least variable; covered smut of barley, loose smut of oats and false loose smut of barley were progressively more variable. No stable strain or race has been isolated in the flower-infecting loose smut of wheat and of barley. Preliminary results of selfing some of the variable smut cultures indicate a possibility of obtaining races stable for pathogenicity on the differential hosts.
A PHOTOELECTRIC DEVICE FOR MEASUREMENT OF LEAF AREAS
Authors: Donovan L. S. , Magee A. I. , Kalbfleisch W.
Published: March 2010

A device for the rapid measurement of leaf areas is described. Leaves are placed between a fluorescent light source, high in the red spectrum, and a photocell covered with an F29 red light filter. The reduction in output of the cell, as measured by a galvanometer, is interpreted in terms of area. The device has been successfully used in a genetic study of leaf size in birdsfoot trefoil.
THE EFFECT OF SWATHING AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF MATURITY UPON THE BUSHEL WEIGHT AND YIELD OF BARLEY
Authors: Dodds M. E. , Dew D. A.
Published: March 2010

Tests were conducted over a 4-year period with Vantage and Olli barley to determine the earliest stage of maturity at which these grains could be swathed without loss of test weight or yield.Plots were cut daily over a period of several days using kernel moisture content as a measure of maturity, an attempt being made to keep within the moisture range of 50 to 14.8 per cent. Weights per bushel and yield in bushels per acre were determined at the time of picking up the swath with the combine.An analysis of variance of the data indicated that Vantage and Olli barley may be swathed at a kernel moisture content of 40 per cent without significant loss of bushel weight or yield. A calculation of the correlation of kernel moisture at swathing with final bushel weight and with yield indicated that an association existed until the 40 per cent moisture level was reached, but the relation was not significant at later stages of maturity.
NOTE ON THE LOCATION OF GENES FOR DWARFING IN REDMAN WHEAT
Authors: HURD E. A. , McGINNIS R. C.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON CUMINO SWEET CLOVER
Authors: GREENSHIELDS J. E. R.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON A PORTABLE CUTTING BOX FOR FORAGE CROP SAMPLES
Authors: DALTON C. B.
Published: March 2010

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INHERITANCE OF BLUE KERNEL COLOUR IN WHEAT
Authors: Hurd E. A.
Published: March 2010

The inheritance of blue kernel colour was studied in crosses of a blue-kernelled Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauv. X Triticum vulgare (Vill.) Host. derivative, Blue 1, with Rescue, a red-kernelled variety, and with Lemhi a white-kernelled variety. The blue colour was found to be in the endosperm and xenia was observed. Each generation from F1 to F3 was grown at a different location under varying environments. From the ratios obtained it was concluded that blue colour is conditioned by two complementary dominant genes whose expression appears to be influenced by environment.
THE CONTROL OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN RED CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE L.): I. RECORDING AND ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS IN MORPHOGENESIS
Authors: Cumming Bruce G.
Published: March 2010

A key is described that provides a simple method for recording the sequential distribution of all leaves, buds, and inflorescences visible on a primary stem. Numbers are assigned to nodes in a basipetal sequence with each flowering node as number 1.In the "first cycle of growth" of a primary bud the number of nodes on each lateral flowering shoot was found to be positively correlated with, and linearly related to, the number of the node at which each was borne. It was also found that both the number of buds, non-flowering and flowering shoots, [T], and the number of inflorescences, [I], were linearly related to primary node number. Indoleacetic acid (IAA), 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), and maleic hydrazide amine (MH), altered the amount of lateral bud and shoot growth but not the linear relationships.Attainment of "ripeness-to-flower" coincident with production of a systemic non-polar florigenic stimulus could result in the observed conformity to theoretically "expected node numbers for flowering" on all lateral shoots.Treatment with 800 p.p.m. MH caused abortion of inflorescences and hastened onset of the "second cycle of vegetative growth" through cessation of growth and differentiation of "first cycle" floral apices; virus infection has caused similar effects.
INFLUENCE OF GIBBERELLIC ACID ON THE NICOTINE CONTENT OF CIGAR TOBACCO
Authors: Parups E. V.
Published: March 2010

Treatment of tobacco with gibberellic acid in field and greenhouse experiments had little effect on yield of leaves but decreased the nicotine content of both leaves and roots. It is postulated that the decrease of nicotine content in the tobacco leaves resulted from a change in the metabolism of roots caused by gibberellic acid applications.
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE NARCISSUS BULB FLY, LAMPETIA EQUESTRIS (F.), IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Andison H. , Cram W. T.
Published: March 2010

The narcissus bulb fly, Lampetia equestris (F.), was controlled on southern Vancouver Island with insecticides applied by four methods at planting time to narcissus bulbs grown in sandy loam soils of pH 5.9 to 6.5.Soaking bulbs for 1.5 hours in hot-water (110° F.) and formalin mixture as for control of the bulb nematode, with heptachlor emulsifiable concentrate added at 2, 4, or 10 lb. of toxicant per 1,000 gal. gave 100 per cent control for the 2 years tested. Soaking the bulbs for 10 minutes in cold water containing emulsifiable concentrates of dieldrin or heptachlor at 3 lb. of toxicant per 100 gal., or of aldrin or chlordane at 5 lb., gave 93 to 98.5 per cent control for 3 years; DDT at 5 lb. and lindane at 0.5 lb. were not effective. A dust of dieldrin at 3 lb. of toxicant per acre, of aldrin or heptachlor at 5 lb., or of chlordane 10 lb. applied to the bulbs in the open furrow gave 95 to 99 per cent control for 3 years; lindane at 1 lb. did not give satisfactory control. A spray containing an emulsifiable concentrate of dieldrin at 1 lb. of toxicant per 100 gal. per acre, of aldrin or heptachlor at 2 lb., or of chlordane at 5 lb. gave 91 to 96 per cent control for the 2 years tested. The soil in this test had the highest organic matter content (13 per cent); the others were moderately high with 5 to 8 per cent. Lindane in the cold-water soak treatment was the only insecticide that adversely affected bulb growth.
A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE PERCENTAGE OF HYBRIDS IN SEEDLOTS OF FIRST GENERATION ADVANCE SUNFLOWERS BY MEANS OF A SEEDLING CHARACTERISTIC
Authors: Stefansson B. R.
Published: March 2010

Estimates of the percentage of hybrids and inbreds in seedlots of the sunflower hybrid variety Advance based on the leaf venation of the seedlings were compared with estimates based on mature plant determinations. Agreement between the two estimates was high though not complete. Since the variation in percentage of hybrids which occurs in seedlots of Advance is large, estimates based on seedling characteristics are suggested as a means for evaluating the seed.
AN INEXPENSIVE PLANT GROWTH CHAMBER
Authors: Montgomery F. H. , Riddell R. T.
Published: March 2010

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