bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant and Arthropod IgE-Binding Papain-like Cysteine Proteases: Multiple Contributions to Allergenicity
Authors: Giangrieco Ivana , Ciardiello Maria Antonietta , Tamburrini Maurizio , Tuppo Lisa , Mari Adriano , Alessandri Claudia
Published: March 2024

Papain-like cysteine proteases are widespread and can be detected in all domains of life. They share structural and enzymatic properties with the group’s namesake member, papain. They show a broad range of protein substrates and are involved in several biological processes. These proteases are widely exploited for food, pharmaceutical, chemical and cosmetic biotechnological applications. However, some of them are known to cause allergic reactions. In this context, the objective of this review is to report an overview of some general properties of papain-like cysteine proteases and to highlight their contributions to allergy reactions observed in humans. For instance, the literature shows that their proteolytic activity can cause an increase in tissue permeability, which favours the crossing of allergens through the skin, intestinal and respiratory barriers. The observation that allergy to PLCPs is mostly detected for inhaled proteins is in line with the reports describing mite homologs, such as Der p 1 and Der f 1, as major allergens showing a frequent correlation between sensitisation and clinical allergic reactions. In contrast, the plant food homologs are often digested in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, they only rarely can cause allergic reactions in humans. Accordingly, they are reported mainly as a cause of occupational diseases.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Convective- and Microwave-Dried Blackberry Fruits Grown Using Organic Procedures
Authors: Petković Marko , Miletić Nemanja , Pantelić Valerija , Filipović Vladimir , Lončar Biljana , Mitrović Olga
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of convective and microwave drying on the bioactive-compounds content of blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) fruits, as well as drying parameters and energy consumption. The fruit was dehydrated in a convective dehydrator at a temperature of 50 °C and 70 °C and in a microwave oven at power levels of 90 W, 180 W and 240 W. The highest amount of anthocyanins, polyphenols and antioxidant capacity were obtained in blackberry fruits that were microwave dried at 90 W and 180 W (46.3–52.5 and 51.8–83.5 mg 100 g−1 dm of total anthocyanins, 296.3–255.8 and 418.4–502.2 mg 100 g−1 dm of total phenolics, and 1.20–1.51 and 1.45–2.35 mmol TE 100 g−1 dm of antioxidant capacity for 90 W and 180 W models, respectively). It turned out that microwave dehydration shortened the processing time and lowered the energy consumption compared to convective drying (a significantly reduced drying time of 92–99% with microwave dehydration). Blackberry fruits dehydrated at 240 W showed the shortest dehydration time (59–67 min), minimal energy consumption (0.23 kWh) and the most efficient diffusion (1.48–1.66 × 10−8 m2 s−1).
Integrated Fruit Ripeness Assessment System Based on an Artificial Olfactory Sensor and Deep Learning
Authors: Zhao Mingming , You Zhiheng , Chen Huayun , Wang Xiao , Ying Yibin , Wang Yixian
Published: March 2024

Artificial scent screening systems, inspired by the mammalian olfactory system, hold promise for fruit ripeness detection, but their commercialization is limited by low sensitivity or pattern recognition inaccuracy. This study presents a portable fruit ripeness prediction system based on colorimetric sensing combinatorics and deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) to accurately identify fruit ripeness. Using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method, the study discerned the distinctive gases emitted by mango, peach, and banana across various ripening stages. The colorimetric sensing combinatorics utilized 25 dyes sensitive to fruit volatile gases, generating a distinct scent fingerprint through cross-reactivity to diverse concentrations and varieties of gases. The unique scent fingerprints can be identified using DCNN. After capturing colorimetric sensor image data, the densely connected convolutional network (DenseNet) was employed, achieving an impressive accuracy rate of 97.39% on the validation set and 82.20% on the test set in assessing fruit ripeness. This fruit ripeness prediction system, coupled with a DCNN, successfully addresses the issues of complex pattern recognition and low identification accuracy. Overall, this innovative tool exhibits high accuracy, non-destructiveness, practical applicability, convenience, and low cost, making it worth considering and developing for fruit ripeness detection.
Bee Bread as a Functional Product: Phenolic Compounds, Amino Acid, Sugar, and Organic Acid Profiles
Authors: Aksoy Aksem , Altunatmaz Sema Sandıkçı , Aksu Filiz , Tokatlı Demirok Nazan , Yazıcı Kemal , Yıkmış Seydi
Published: March 2024

Bee bread (perga) is a natural bee product formed by the fermentation of the pollen collected by bees via lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. This study aims to determine the bioactive compounds, amino acid, sugar, and organic acid profile of bee bread samples collected from the Ardahan province of Türkiye. The highest total phenolic, total flavonoid, and DPPH values in bee bread samples were determined as 18.35 mg GAE/g, 2.82 mg QE/g, and 3.90 mg TEAC/g, respectively. Among phenolic compounds, gallic acid had the highest value at 39.97 µ/g. While all essential amino acids except tryptophan were detected in the samples, aspartic acid was the most dominant, followed by pyrroline and glutamic acid. Among sugars, fructose was seen at the highest level. Succinic acid, among organic acids, had the highest amount at 73.63 mg/g. Finally, all the data were subjected to a principal components analysis (PCA). Bee bread samples were grouped according to the analysis results of the districts they were collected from. This study provides information about the bioactive components and some chemical properties of bee bread, a natural product that has been the subject of recent research. It also contains essential data for future functional food production.
UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-Based Analysis of Various Edible Rosa Fruits Concerning Secondary Metabolites and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Ni Ming , Chen Junlei , Fu Mao , Li Huanyang , Bu Shengqian , Hao Xiaojiang , Gu Wei
Published: March 2024

The genus Rosa is globally popular with well-established applications since it has a high edible and medicinal value. However, relatively limited research has been conducted on the composition and quality of wild Rosa fruits. The present study aimed to compare the properties and chemical components of five wild edible Rosa fruits, Rosa roxburghii, Rosa sterilis, Rosa laevigata, Rosa davurica, and Rosa sericea. The UPLC-ESI-MS/MS approach identified the key metabolites among the five Rosa fruits as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and organic acids. The main differential metabolites among the five fruits are flavonoids (22.29–45.13%), phenolic acids (17–22.27%), and terpenoids (7.7–24%), respectively. In total, 125 compounds served as potential markers for the five Rosa species. Differential metabolic pathways of five Rosa fruits were analyzed using the KEGG approach. Rosa laevigata fruits showed the highest total polysaccharide (TPS) content of 64.48 g/100 g. All the five Rosa extracts effectively decreased the levels of malondialdehyde while increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the H2O2-induced HaCaT cell model, demonstrating high potential for antioxidant development. Our findings suggest that the five studied Rosa fruits exhibit biological activity and edible value worth further exploration.
Lipid Peroxidation in Muscle Foods: Impact on Quality, Safety and Human Health
Authors: Dragoev Stefan G.
Published: March 2024

The issue of lipid changes in muscle foods under the action of atmospheric oxygen has captured the attention of researchers for over a century. Lipid oxidative processes initiate during the slaughtering of animals and persist throughout subsequent technological processing and storage of the finished product. The oxidation of lipids in muscle foods is a phenomenon extensively deliberated in the scientific community, acknowledged as one of the pivotal factors affecting their quality, safety, and human health. This review delves into the nature of lipid oxidation in muscle foods, highlighting mechanisms of free radical initiation and the propagation of oxidative processes. Special attention is given to the natural antioxidant protective system and dietary factors influencing the stability of muscle lipids. The review traces mechanisms inhibiting oxidative processes, exploring how changes in lipid oxidative substrates, prooxidant activity, and the antioxidant protective system play a role. A critical review of the oxidative stability and safety of meat products is provided. The impact of oxidative processes on the quality of muscle foods, including flavour, aroma, taste, colour, and texture, is scrutinised. Additionally, the review monitors the effect of oxidised muscle foods on human health, particularly in relation to the autooxidation of cholesterol. Associations with coronary cardiovascular disease, brain stroke, and carcinogenesis linked to oxidative stress, and various infections are discussed. Further studies are also needed to formulate appropriate technological solutions to reduce the risk of chemical hazards caused by the initiation and development of lipid peroxidation processes in muscle foods.
Discrimination Efficiency of Thermogravimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry in Soil Forensics
Authors: Corrêa Rodrigo Studart , Ribeiro Renata Esteves , Borges Marina Pereira , Ferrari Júnior Ettore , Gomes Juliano de Andrade
Published: March 2024

Forensic soil analysis is crucial in criminal investigations, necessitating robust analytical methodologies for an accurate discrimination of soil types and origins. This study explored the discrimination efficiency of thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analyses of Inceptisol, reddish Oxisol, and yellowish Oxisol soils from Brazil’s Cerrado region. Ninety air-dried soil samples collected at various locations underwent thermal analysis, focusing on mass loss of gibbsite, goethite, and kaolinite at specific temperatures. The log-transformed data were submitted to principal component analysis, nonmetric multidimensional scaling, and cluster analysis. The thermogravimetry emerged as a highly discriminatory tool, effectively delineating between soil types, and even detecting spatial variations. In contrast, the differential scanning calorimetry exhibited limited discriminatory power. The findings underscore the thermogravimetric potential as a valuable technique in soil forensics, providing critical insights into composition and spatial variations essential for criminal investigations. This study highlights the need for further research to explore synergies with complementary techniques, aiming to enhance forensic discrimination across diverse soil types and geographic contexts. The objective representation of results in this abstract emphasizes the significance of thermogravimetry in advancing forensic analysis of soil vestiges.
Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride-Hexafluoropropylene)–Lithium Titanium Aluminum Phosphate-Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes Synthesized by Immersion Precipitation for High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Lu Xuanan , Luo Jianguo , Lan Lingxiao , Zhang Bing , Chen Zhikun , Wang Yujiang , Liang Xinghua , Mo Qinglie
Published: March 2024

Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have high safety and excellent electrochemical performance, so applying GPEs in lithium batteries has received much attention. However, their poor lithium ion transfer number, cycling stability, and low room temperature ionic conductivity seriously affect the utilization of gel polymer electrolytes. This paper successfully synthesized flexible poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene)–lithium titanium aluminum phosphate (PVDF-HFP-LATP) gel polymer electrolytes using the immersion precipitation method. The resulting GPE has a porous honeycomb structure, which ensures that the GPE has sufficient space to store the liquid electrolyte. The GPE has a high ionic conductivity of 1.03 ×10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature (25 °C). The GPE was applied to LiFePO4/GPE/Li batteries with good rate performance at room temperature. The discharge specific capacity of 1C was as high as 121.5 mAh/g, and the capacity retention rate was 94.0% after 300 cycles. These results indicate that PVDF-HFP-LATP-based GPEs have the advantage of simplifying the production process and can improve the utility of gel polymer lithium metal batteries.
Synthesis of Ni-Doped Graphene Aerogels for Electrochemical Applications
Authors: González-Barriuso Marina , Sánchez-Suárez Mario , González-Lavín Judith , Arenillas Ana , Rey-Raap Natalia
Published: March 2024

Carbonaceous materials used in most electrochemical applications require high specific surface area, adequate pore size distribution, and high electrical conductivity to ensure good interaction with the electrolyte and fast electron transport. The development of transition metal doped graphene aerogels is a possible solution, since their structure, morphology, and electrical properties can be controlled during the synthesis process. This work aims to synthesize Ni-doped graphene aerogels to study the role of different nickel salts in the sol-gel reaction and their final properties. The characterization data show that, regardless of the nature of the Ni salts, the surface area, volume of micropores, and enveloped density decrease, while the porosity and electrical conductivity increase. However, differences in morphology, mesopore size distribution, degree of order of the carbon structure, and electrical conductivity were observed depending on the type of Ni salt. It was found that nickel nitrate results in a material with a broader mesopore distribution, higher electrical conductivity, and hence, higher electrochemical surface area, demonstrating that graphene aerogels can be easily synthesized with tailored properties to fit the requirements of specific electrochemical applications.
CrJAT1 Regulates Endogenous JA Signaling for Modulating Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus
Authors: Zhang Mengxia , Yang Bingrun , Wang Yanyan , Yu Fang
Published: March 2024

Many monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) produced in Catharanthus roseus have demonstrated biological activities and clinical potential. However, their complex biosynthesis pathway in plants leads to low accumulation, limiting therapeutic applications. Efforts to elucidate the MIA biosynthetic regulatory mechanism have focused on improving accumulation levels. Previous studies revealed that jasmonic acid (JA), an important plant hormone, effectively promotes MIA accumulation by inducing the expression of MIA biosynthesis and transport genes. Nevertheless, excessive JA signaling can strongly inhibit plant growth, decreasing MIA productivity in C. roseus. Therefore, identifying key components balancing growth and MIA production in the JA signaling pathway is imperative for effective pharmaceutical production. Here, we identify a homolog of the jasmonate transporter 1, CrJAT1, through co-expression and phylogenetic analyses. Further investigation demonstrated that CrJAT1 can activate JA signaling to promote MIA accumulation without compromising growth. The potential role of CrJAT1 in redistributing intra/inter-cellular JA and JA-Ile may calibrate signaling to avoid inhibition, representing a promising molecular breeding target in C. roseus to optimize the balance between growth and specialized metabolism for improved MIA production.
Genome-Wide Investigation of the PLD Gene Family in Tomato: Identification, Analysis, and Expression
Authors: Guo Xudong , Zhu Wenying , Wang Fu , Wang Hui
Published: March 2024

Phospholipase Ds (PLDs) are important phospholipid hydrolases in plants that play crucial roles in the regulation of plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. In this study, 14 PLD genes were identified in the tomato genome and were localized on eight chromosomes, and one tandem-duplicated gene pair was identified. According to a phylogenetic analysis, the genes were categorized into four subtypes: SlPLDα, β, and δ belonged to the C2-PLD subfamily, while SlPLDζ belonged to the PXPH-PLD subfamily. The gene structure and protein physicochemical properties were highly conserved within the same subtype. The promoter of all the SlPLD genes contained hormone-, light-, and stress-responsive cis-acting regulatory elements, but no significant correlation between the number, distribution, and type of cis-acting elements was observed among the members of the same subtype. Transcriptome data showed that the expression of the SlPLD genes was different in multiple tissues. A quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the SlPLD genes responded positively to cold, salt, drought, and abscisic acid treatments, particularly to salt stress. Different expression patterns were observed for different genes under the same stress, and for the same gene under different stresses. The results provide important insights into the functions of SlPLD genes and lay a foundation for further studies of the response of SlPLD genes to abiotic stresses.
Transcriptomics of Leaf Development in the Endangered Dioecious Magnolia kwangsiensis: Molecular Basis Underpinning Specialized Metabolism Genes
Authors: Qin Guole , Li Xiaodong , Qin Yingcan , Lu Linyuan , Gao Lixia , Guan Delong
Published: March 2024

Magnolia kwangsiensis, a dioecious tree native to China, is recognized not only for its status as an at-risk species but also for its potential in therapeutic applications courtesy of its bioactive compounds. However, the genetic underpinnings of its leaf development and compound biosynthesis are not well documented. Our study aims to bridge this knowledge gap through comparative transcriptomics, analyzing gene expression through different leaf maturation stages. We studied the transcriptome of M. kwangsiensis leaves by applying RNA sequencing at juvenile, tender, and mature phases. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to explore transcriptional changes accompanying the developmental trajectory. Our analysis delineates the transcriptional landscape of over 20,000 genes with over 6000 DEGs highlighting significant transcriptional shifts throughout leaf maturation. Mature leaves demonstrated upregulation in pathways related to photosynthesis, cell wall formation, and polysaccharide production, affirming their structural integrity and specialized metabolic functions. Our GO and KEGG enrichment analyses underpin these findings. Furthermore, we unveiled coordinated gene activity correlating development with synthesizing therapeutically relevant polysaccharides. We identified four novel glycosyltransferases potentially pivotal in this synergistic mechanism. Our study uncovers the complementary evolutionary forces that concurrently sculpt structural and chemical defenses. These genetic mechanisms calibrate leaf tissue resilience and biochemical efficacy.
Development of Field Tests for Cardiovascular Fitness Assessment in Wheelchair
Authors: Cho Eun Hyung , Choi Bong-Arm , Seo Yongsuk
Published: March 2024

It is essential to consider both physique and physical fitness factors to minimize the risk of injuries and optimize athletic performance among elite athletes. Athletes with disabilities face limitations in fitness assessments compared to their healthy counterparts. The aim of this study was to revalidate established cardiovascular fitness assessment methods and develop field tests for wheelchair athletes. As representatives registered at the Korea Paralympic Committee’s Athletes Training Center in Icheon, athletes with physical disabilities participating in para ice hockey (n = 14), who were capable of wheelchair control, were volunteered. Prior to cardiovascular fitness assessments using an ergometer and a shuttle run, demographic characteristics were surveyed, and physical measurements and muscle strength (grip strength) were recorded. All the participants performed one ergometer test based on cardiovascular fitness criteria, and for shuttle run validation, two trials were conducted using existing audio cues (National Physical Fitness 100, 20 m shuttle run). For the development of the shuttle run, considering wheelchair turning, signal-to-sound intervals were increased by 1 s and 1.5 s, respectively, in two trials. An analysis of the correlation with the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in comparison to the reference criterion, an ergometer, demonstrated high correlations in the first trial (r = 0.738) and the second trial (r = 0.780). Similarly, significant correlations were observed with the maximum heart rate (HRmax) in the first trial (r = 0.689) and the second trial (r = 0.896). Thus, the 15 m shuttle run is validated as a field test for assessing cardiovascular fitness in athletes with disabilities. Correlation analysis with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) compared to the reference criterion, an ergometer, revealed a correlation of 0.815 with a 1 s interval audio cue and 0.355 with a 1.5 s interval audio cue. A high correlation was observed with the 1 s interval audio cue. Regarding the maximum heart rate (HRmax), the correlations were 0.665 with a 1 s interval audio cue. Once again, a high correlation was noted with the 1 s interval audio cue. The field test selected for measuring cardiovascular fitness in wheelchair athletes involved performing a 15 m shuttle run while in the wheelchair. The test utilized an audio cue with a 1 s increased interval between the signal sounds.
Get-togethers: Guided Peer-Support Groups for Young Carers
Authors: Schellenberg Eva , Visscher Rosa M. S. , Leu Agnes , Guggiari Elena , Rabhi-Sidler Sarah
Published: March 2024

To address Young Carers’ (YCs) needs for space and opportunities to reflect and exchange, a guided peer-support programme, the “Get-togethers”, was developed in collaboration with YC in Switzerland in 2018. In order to evaluate if the Get-togethers were able to meet their originally set goals of (1) strengthening support among YCs, (2) promoting their life skills, (3) strengthening their social network and (4) promoting the inclusion and participation of YCs, participants of the Get-togethers were asked to complete a short questionnaire about their participation in and experiences with the Get-togethers. We also analysed the standard documentation of 17 Get-togethers held between May 2021 and September 2023. Overall, the Get-togethers were rated positively in almost all areas of the survey and the documentation, indicating that the four originally set objectives of the Get-togethers were (at least largely) achieved. The Get-togethers covered a large part of the needs of YCs, such as emotional support and opportunities to relax and exchange with people in a similar situation, yet they largely failed to reach minor YCs and male YCs. Further support programmes should be developed to address the different needs of different groups of YCs.
“Meaning in Life” Mediates the Relationship between Loneliness and Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kim Chanhee , Chun Jiyoung
Published: March 2024

Background: Loneliness was found to be a commonly experienced feeling among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and is considered to be a high-risk factor for depressive symptoms. Maintaining meaning in life has been found to be a protective resource for mental health among older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of an individual’s meaning in life in the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms among older Korean adults. Methods: The data were obtained from a sample of 213 community-dwelling older adults aged over 65. The instruments were the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire. Results: Loneliness was positively associated with depressive symptoms and negatively associated with the presence of and search for meaning among older adults. The presence of meaning mediated the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms but the search for meaning did not. The search for meaning mediated the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms through the presence of meaning. Conclusions: Our study findings suggest that efforts to reduce loneliness and improve meaning in life should be undertaken to prevent depressive symptoms among older adults.
Joint Expedition: Exploring Telehealth and the Digital Healthcare Landscape as a Team Integration
Authors: Giansanti Daniele
Published: March 2024

The TeleHealth and digital healthcare domains have witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years (Contribution 1), propelled by the evolution of digitization processes, both in mobile [...]
Putative Spatiotemporal Changes in Inhibitor Activity during Cold Stratification of Sapium sebiferum Seeds
Authors: Wang Shuyi , Zhu Mingwei , Sun Liyong , Huang Tao , Li Shuxian
Published: March 2024

Sapium sebiferum is a tree with socioeconomic, environmental, and medicinal value. S. sebiferum seeds possess physiological dormancy, which is induced by endogenous inhibitors and can be broken by cold stratification. However, the putative spatiotemporal changes in inhibitor activity are currently unknown, which can hinder the propagation of S. sebiferum seeds. The objective of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of inhibitor activity and its effect on germination during the cold stratification of S. sebiferum seeds. An extractant consisting of 80% methanol was used to extract the inhibitory substance from the seed coat and endosperm at different stages of cold stratification. The extract was then applied to both the Chinese cabbage seeds and excised embryos of S. sebiferum. The germination percentage and germination index were used to assess the inhibitor activity of S. sebiferum seeds. The germination of non-stratified S. sebiferum seeds was completely inhibited (0% germination). As the stratification duration was extended, the germination percentage of S. sebiferum seeds gradually increased. However, dormancy persisted until the stratification duration reached 120 d; at this point, the mean germination was 81.3%. The germination test on Chinese cabbage seeds revealed a significant increase from 10.0% (stratified for 0 d) to 91.2% (stratified for 120 d) when treated with endosperm extracts. The germination indexes also increased from 0.0 to 40.3, indicating a decrease in the inhibitory activity of endosperm extracts. The seed coat extracting solution showed varying dynamic changes. The lowest germination was observed after 60 d of stratification, with no significant differences among the results of 0 d, 30 d, and 60 d. However, after stratification for 90 d, the germination percentage of Chinese cabbage seeds increased. The germination percentage of excised embryos exhibited similar changes to those of Chinese cabbage seeds. This study discovered that endogenous inhibitors were present in both the seed coat and endosperm of S. sebiferum seeds, and the inhibitor activity was higher in the endosperm. The spatiotemporal patterns of inhibitor activity suggest that the endogenous inhibitors move from the endosperm to the seed coat during early cold stratification stages, aiding in the physiological dormancy release of S. sebiferum seeds. These findings enhance our understanding of seed biology in S. sebiferum and will facilitate high-efficiency seed propagation.
Effects of Long-Term High Temperatures in the Root Zone on the Physiological Characteristics of Grapevine Leaves and Roots: Implications for Viticulture Practices
Authors: Su Yifan , Li Xinfeng , Cao Zhiyi , Gao Zhen , Du Yuanpeng
Published: March 2024

Ridging cultivation and root restriction cultivation are beneficial due to their improvement of the soil permeability in the root zone of grapevine, and they are widely used in southern China, Japan, and other countries. However, with the intensification of global warming, when using ridging or root restriction cultivation, the soil temperature in the root zone can often reach 30 °C or even more than 35 °C during the summer, which is not conducive to the growth of grapevines. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of high root zone temperatures on the photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of grapevine leaves, root respiration, and degree of lignification of roots and shoots, as well as to provide a theoretical foundation for the management of grapevine production and cultivation. One-year-old potted ‘Kyoho’ was used as the study material. Three root temperature treatments were implemented for 15 days (9:00–16:00): 25 °C (CK), 30 °C (T1), and 35 °C (T2). The results showed that the malondialdehyde and H2O2 levels in leaves increased, while the chlorophyll content decreased. The oxygen-evolving complex was inactivated, and PSII donor and acceptor sides were blocked, thus reducing the photosynthetic gas exchange capacity at high root zone temperatures. The grapevine root activity and root/shoot ratio decreased. Simultaneously, the lignin content in the roots and shoots increased. In addition, there was a significant increase in the expression of key genes (PAL, C4H, 4CL, F5H, COMT, CCR, and CAD) in the root lignin synthesis pathway. Heightened root zone temperatures increased cyanide-resistant respiration in roots and heat release in the PPP pathway to alleviate stress damage. Therefore, it is recommended to use grass, mulching, and other cultivation management methods to maintain root zone temperatures below 30 °C in order to ensure the normal growth of grapevines and promote a high and stable yield.
Genome-Wide Exploration of the Ethylene-Responsive Element-Binding Factor Gene Family in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.): Preliminarily Unveiling Insights into Normal Development and Fruit Cracking
Authors: Wang Yanbo , Du Xiaoyun , Liu Minxiao , Li Yanju , Shang Zhong , Zhao Lingling , Yu Xiaoli , Zhang Shuo , Li Peng , Liu Jie , Wang Yilin , Liu Yunfen , Zhao Jun , Bi Zuolin , Zhang Xu , Liu Xueqing
Published: March 2024

The ERF subfamily, a significant part of the APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element-binding factor (AP2/ERF) transcription family, plays a crucial role in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Despite its importance, research on this gene family in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is limited. This study identified and analyzed the sweet cherry ERF subfamily in terms of classification, physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, chromosome distribution, gene replication and collinearity, Cis-acting elements, and potential protein interactions. Preliminary investigations of transcription during fruit cracking and normal development were also conducted. Fifty ERFs (PatiERF1~50) were identified, distributed unevenly across eight chromosomes and classified into ten groups with nineteen conserved motifs. Collinearity analysis with other plant species revealed homology, with the highest number of ERF orthologous genes found in apple (Malus domestica L.). Cis-acting elements, particularly abscisic acid response factor, were abundant in PatiERF promoters. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated the involvement of PatiERFs in sweet cherry fruit development and cracking, and nine and four significant candidates related to these processes were speculated, respectively. Furthermore, four other classes of transcription factors (TFs), namely MYB, GRAS, BHLH, and BZIP, as well as 23 structure genes, were predicted to have co-expression and interaction relationships with PatiERFs during fruit development. This suggests their potential synergistic regulation with ERFs in the cherry fruit development process. Our study represents the first comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the ERF subfamily in sweet cherry, laying a crucial foundation for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms correlated with fruit growth, development, and cracking mediated by ERF genes.
Decision Rules for Corporate Investment
Authors: de Adelhart Toorop Reinier , Schoenmaker Dirk , Schramade Willem
Published: March 2024

We investigate the decision rules for corporate investment by designing a company value frontier. This company value frontier allows for balancing the financial value and social and environmental impacts. This article develops novel value concepts—ranging from shareholder value to shareholder welfare and integrated value—resulting in varying preferences for social and environmental impacts or values. Next, these preferences are incorporated in investment decision rules. The traditional net present value (NPV) rule optimises only the financial value. We propose a new integrated present value (IPV) decision rule that includes a preference for social and environmental values without neglecting the financial value. By applying the new IPV rule, responsible companies are able to achieve more sustainable outcomes.
Downregulation of Mitochondrial Fusion Protein Expression Affords Protection from Canonical Necroptosis in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts
Authors: Toda Yuki , Ong Sang-Bing , Yano Toshiyuki , Kuno Atsushi , Kouzu Hidemichi , Sato Tatsuya , Ohwada Wataru , Tatekoshi Yuki , Ogawa Toshifumi , Shimizu Masaki , Tanno Masaya , Furuhashi Masato
Published: March 2024

Necroptosis, a form of necrosis, and alterations in mitochondrial dynamics, a coordinated process of mitochondrial fission and fusion, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to determine the role of mitochondrial morphology in canonical necroptosis induced by a combination of TNFα and zVAD (TNF/zVAD) in H9c2 cells, rat cardiomyoblasts. Time-course analyses of mitochondrial morphology showed that mitochondria were initially shortened after the addition of TNF/zVAD and then their length was restored, and the proportion of cells with elongated mitochondria at 12 h was larger in TNF/zVAD-treated cells than in non-treated cells (16.3 ± 0.9% vs. 8.0 ± 1.2%). The knockdown of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and fission 1, fission promoters, and treatment with Mdivi-1, a Drp-1 inhibitor, had no effect on TNF/zVAD-induced necroptosis. In contrast, TNF/zVAD-induced necroptosis was attenuated by the knockdown of mitofusin 1/2 (Mfn1/2) and optic atrophy-1 (Opa1), proteins that are indispensable for mitochondrial fusion, and the attenuation of necroptosis was not canceled by treatment with Mdivi-1. The expression of TGFβ-activated kinase (TAK1), a negative regulator of RIP1 activity, was upregulated and the TNF/zVAD-induced RIP1-Ser166 phosphorylation, an index of RIP1 activity, was mitigated by the knockdown of Mfn1/2 or Opa1. Pharmacological TAK1 inhibition attenuated the protection afforded by Mfn1/2 and Opa1 knockdown. In conclusion, the inhibition of mitochondrial fusion increases TAK1 expression, leading to the attenuation of canonical necroptosis through the suppression of RIP1 activity.
Curcumin in Cancer and Inflammation: An In-Depth Exploration of Molecular Interactions, Therapeutic Potentials, and the Role in Disease Management
Authors: Moon Dong-Oh
Published: March 2024

This paper delves into the diverse and significant roles of curcumin, a polyphenolic compound from the Curcuma longa plant, in the context of cancer and inflammatory diseases. Distinguished by its unique molecular structure, curcumin exhibits potent biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and potential anticancer effects. The research comprehensively investigates curcumin’s molecular interactions with key proteins involved in cancer progression and the inflammatory response, primarily through molecular docking studies. In cancer, curcumin’s effectiveness is determined by examining its interaction with pivotal proteins like CDK2, CK2α, GSK3β, DYRK2, and EGFR, among others. These interactions suggest curcumin’s potential role in impeding cancer cell proliferation and survival. Additionally, the paper highlights curcumin’s impact on inflammation by examining its influence on proteins such as COX-2, CRP, PDE4, and MD-2, which are central to the inflammatory pathway. In vitro and clinical studies are extensively reviewed, shedding light on curcumin’s binding mechanisms, pharmacological impacts, and therapeutic application in various cancers and inflammatory conditions. These studies are pivotal in understanding curcumin’s functionality and its potential as a therapeutic agent. Conclusively, this review emphasizes the therapeutic promise of curcumin in treating a wide range of health issues, attributed to its complex chemistry and broad pharmacological properties. The research points towards curcumin’s growing importance as a multi-faceted natural compound in the medical and scientific community.
Microbiota, Tryptophan and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors as the Target Triad in Parkinson’s Disease—A Narrative Review
Authors: Iwaniak Paulina , Owe-Larsson Maja , Urbańska Ewa M.
Published: March 2024

In the era of a steadily increasing lifespan, neurodegenerative diseases among the elderly present a significant therapeutic and socio-economic challenge. A properly balanced diet and microbiome diversity have been receiving increasing attention as targets for therapeutic interventions in neurodegeneration. Microbiota may affect cognitive function, neuronal survival and death, and gut dysbiosis was identified in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Tryptophan (Trp), an essential amino acid, is degraded by microbiota and hosts numerous compounds with immune- and neuromodulating properties. This broad narrative review presents data supporting the concept that microbiota, the Trp-kynurenine (KYN) pathway and aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs) form a triad involved in PD. A disturbed gut–brain axis allows the bidirectional spread of pro-inflammatory molecules and α-synuclein, which may contribute to the development/progression of the disease. We suggest that the peripheral levels of kynurenines and AhR ligands are strongly linked to the Trp metabolism in the gut and should be studied together with the composition of the microbiota. Such an approach can clearly delineate the sub-populations of PD patients manifesting with a disturbed microbiota–Trp-KYN–brain triad, who would benefit from modifications in the Trp metabolism. Analyses of the microbiome, Trp-KYN pathway metabolites and AhR signaling may shed light on the mechanisms of intestinal distress and identify new targets for the diagnosis and treatment in early-stage PD. Therapeutic interventions based on the combination of a well-defined food regimen, Trp and probiotics seem of potential benefit and require further experimental and clinical research.
Restriction of Glycolysis Increases Serial Killing Capacity of Natural Killer Cells
Authors: Picard Lea Katharina , Niemann Jens Alexander , Littwitz-Salomon Elisabeth , Waldmann Herbert , Watzl Carsten
Published: March 2024

Tumor cells rely heavily on glycolysis to meet their high metabolic demands. While this results in nutrient deprivation within the tumor microenvironment and has negative effects on infiltrating immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells, it also creates a potential target for cancer therapies. Here we use Glupin, an inhibitor of glucose transporters, to study the effect of limited glucose uptake on NK cells and their anti-tumor functions. Glupin treatment effectively inhibited glucose uptake and restricted glycolysis in NK cells. However, acute treatment had no negative effect on NK cell cytotoxicity or cytokine production. Long-term restriction of glucose uptake via Glupin treatment only delayed NK cell proliferation, as they could switch to glutaminolysis as an alternative energy source. While IFN-γ production was partially impaired, long-term Glupin treatment had no negative effect on degranulation. Interestingly, the serial killing activity of NK cells was even slightly enhanced, possibly due to changes in NAD metabolism. This demonstrates that NK cell cytotoxicity is remarkably robust and insensitive to metabolic disturbances, which makes cellular metabolism an attractive target for immune-mediated tumor therapies.
Autophagy and Symbiosis: Membranes, ER, and Speculations
Authors: Semenova Maria G. , Petina Alekandra N. , Fedorova Elena E.
Published: March 2024

The interaction of plants and soil bacteria rhizobia leads to the formation of root nodule symbiosis. The intracellular form of rhizobia, the symbiosomes, are able to perform the nitrogen fixation by converting atmospheric dinitrogen into ammonia, which is available for plants. The symbiosis involves the resource sharing between two partners, but this exchange does not include equivalence, which can lead to resource scarcity and stress responses of one of the partners. In this review, we analyze the possible involvement of the autophagy pathway in the process of the maintenance of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria intracellular colony and the changes in the endomembrane system of the host cell. According to in silico expression analysis, ATG genes of all groups were expressed in the root nodule, and the expression was developmental zone dependent. The analysis of expression of genes involved in the response to carbon or nitrogen deficiency has shown a suboptimal access to sugars and nitrogen in the nodule tissue. The upregulation of several ER stress genes was also detected. Hence, the root nodule cells are under heavy bacterial infection, carbon deprivation, and insufficient nitrogen supply, making nodule cells prone to autophagy. We speculate that the membrane formation around the intracellular rhizobia may be quite similar to the phagophore formation, and the induction of autophagy and ER stress are essential to the success of this process.
Molecular Mechanisms of the Stripe Rust Interaction with Resistant and Susceptible Wheat Genotypes
Authors: Nazarov Taras , Liu Yan , Chen Xianming , See Deven R.
Published: March 2024

Rust fungi cause significant damage to wheat production worldwide. In order to mitigate disease impact and improve food security via durable resistance, it is important to understand the molecular basis of host–pathogen interactions. Despite a long history of research and high agricultural importance, still little is known about the interactions between the stripe rust fungus and wheat host on the gene expression level. Here, we present analysis of the molecular interactions between a major wheat pathogen—Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst)—in resistant and susceptible host backgrounds. Using plants with durable nonrace-specific resistance along with fully susceptible ones allowed us to show how gene expression patterns shift in compatible versus incompatible interactions. The pathogen showed significantly greater number and fold changes of overexpressed genes on the resistant host than the susceptible host. Stress-related pathways including MAPK, oxidation–reduction, osmotic stress, and stress granule formation were, almost exclusively, upregulated in the resistant host background, suggesting the requirement of the resistance-countermeasure mechanism facilitated by Pst. In contrast, the susceptible host background allowed for broad overrepresentation of the nutrient uptake pathways. This is the first study focused on the stripe rust pathogen–wheat interactions, on the whole transcriptome level, from the pathogen side. It lays a foundation for the better understanding of the resistant/susceptible hosts versus pathogenic fungus interaction in a broader sense.
Diel Cycle Proteomics: Illuminating Molecular Dynamics in Purple Bacteria for Optimized Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Matallana-Surget Sabine , Geron Augustin , Decroo Corentin , Wattiez Ruddy
Published: March 2024

Circadian rhythms, characterized by approximately 24 h cycles, play a pivotal role in enabling various organisms to synchronize their biological activities with daily variations. While ubiquitous in Eukaryotes, circadian clocks remain exclusively characterized in Cyanobacteria among Prokaryotes. These rhythms are regulated by a core oscillator, which is controlled by a cluster of three genes: kaiA, kaiB, and kaiC. Interestingly, recent studies revealed rhythmic activities, potentially tied to a circadian clock, in other Prokaryotes, including purple bacteria such as Rhodospirillum rubrum, known for its applications in fuel and plastic bioproduction. However, the pivotal question of how light and dark cycles influence protein dynamics and the expression of putative circadian clock genes remains unexplored in purple non-sulfur bacteria. Unraveling the regulation of these molecular clocks holds the key to unlocking optimal conditions for harnessing the biotechnological potential of R. rubrum. Understanding how its proteome responds to different light regimes—whether under continuous light or alternating light and dark cycles—could pave the way for precisely fine-tuning bioproduction processes. Here, we report for the first time the expressed proteome of R. rubrum grown under continuous light versus light and dark cycle conditions using a shotgun proteomic analysis. In addition, we measured the impact of light regimes on the expression of four putative circadian clock genes (kaiB1, kaiB2, kaiC1, kaiC2) at the transcriptional and translational levels using RT-qPCR and targeted proteomic (MRM-MS), respectively. The data revealed significant effects of light conditions on the overall differential regulation of the proteome, particularly during the early growth stages. Notably, several proteins were found to be differentially regulated during the light or dark period, thus impacting crucial biological processes such as energy conversion pathways and the general stress response. Furthermore, our study unveiled distinct regulation of the four kai genes at both the mRNA and protein levels in response to varying light conditions. Deciphering the impact of the diel cycle on purple bacteria not only enhances our understanding of their ecology but also holds promise for optimizing their applications in biotechnology, providing valuable insights into the origin and evolution of prokaryotic clock mechanisms.
Inhibitory Efficacy of Main Components of Scutellaria baicalensis on the Interaction between Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 and Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme II
Authors: Lin Cheng-Han , Chang Ho-Ju , Lin Meng-Wei , Yang Xin-Rui , Lee Che-Hsiung , Lin Chih-Sheng
Published: March 2024

Blocking the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (hACE2) protein serves as a therapeutic strategy for treating COVID-19. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments containing bioactive products could alleviate the symptoms of severe COVID-19. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has complicated the process of developing broad-spectrum drugs. As such, the aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of TCM treatments against SARS-CoV-2 variants through targeting the interaction of the viral spike protein with the hACE2 receptor. Antiviral activity was systematically evaluated using a pseudovirus system. Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) was found to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it mediated the interaction between the viral spike protein and the hACE2 protein. Moreover, the active molecules of S. baicalensis were identified and analyzed. Baicalein and baicalin, a flavone and a flavone glycoside found in S. baicalensis, respectively, exhibited strong inhibitory activities targeting the viral spike protein and the hACE2 protein, respectively. Under optimized conditions, virus infection was inhibited by 98% via baicalein-treated pseudovirus and baicalin-treated hACE2. In summary, we identified the potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors from S. baicalensis that mediate the interaction between the Omicron spike protein and the hACE2 receptor. Future studies on the therapeutic application of baicalein and baicalin against SARS-CoV-2 variants are needed.