bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Radioprotective 105/MD-1 Complex Contributes to Diet-Induced Obesity and Adipose Tissue Inflammation
Authors: Watanabe Yasuharu , Nakamura Tomoya , Ishikawa Sho , Fujisaka Shiho , Usui Isao , Tsuneyama Koichi , Ichihara Yoshinori , Wada Tsutomu , Hirata Yoichiro , Suganami Takayoshi , Izaki Hirofumi , Akira Shizuo , Miyake Kensuke , Kanayama Hiro-omi , Shimabukuro Michio , Sata Masataka , Sasaoka Toshiyasu , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Tobe Kazuyuki , Takatsu Kiyoshi , Nagai Yoshinori
Published: March 2012

Recent accumulating evidence suggests that innate immunity is associated with obesity-induced chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders. Here, we show that a Toll-like receptor (TLR) protein, radioprotective 105 (RP105)/myeloid differentiation protein (MD)-1 complex, contributes to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance. An HFD dramatically increased RP105 mRNA and protein expression in stromal vascular fraction of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) in wild-type (WT) mice. RP105 mRNA expression also was significantly increased in the visceral adipose tissue of obese human subjects relative to nonobese subjects. The RP105/MD-1 complex was expressed by most adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). An HFD increased RP105/MD-1 expression on the M1 subset of ATMs that accumulate in eWAT. Macrophages also acquired this characteristic in coculture with 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RP105 knockout (KO) and MD-1 KO mice had less HFD-induced adipose tissue inflammation, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance compared with wild-type (WT) and TLR4 KO mice. Finally, the saturated fatty acids, palmitic and stearic acids, are endogenous ligands for TLR4, but they did not activate RP105/MD-1. Thus, the RP105/MD-1 complex is a major mediator of adipose tissue inflammation independent of TLR4 signaling and may represent a novel therapeutic target for obesity-associated metabolic disorders.
Symmetrical Peripheral Gangrene in Four Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Reed Robyn C.
Published: March 2012

Symmetrical peripheral gangrene (multilimb ischemia without large artery occlusion) is a rare condition usually associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemodynamic compromise, and/or sepsis. However, it has not been described in patients on extracorporal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Over a 5 year period, four pediatric patients developed symmetrical peripheral gangrene on ECMO after cardiac surgery. They subsequently died and came to autopsy. History, physical examination, and laboratory studies were examined. Gross and microscopic autopsy material was reviewed. Patients were 11 days to 13 years old. Extracorporal membrane oxygenation duration was 11–22 days, and limb ischemia began 2–4 days before death. Three patients had rapid onset, with ischemia developing in <48 hours. In the fourth, ischemic changes began as focal lesions and gradually spread. Two patients were septic. Three had evidence of other end-organ damage. Pressors were used in 3 patients before the limb ischemia. Autopsies disclosed ischemic changes involving all limbs, with confluent ecchymoses. In a detailed examination in 1 case, large arteries of the extremities were patent. Involved skin and soft tissue showed bland fibrin thrombi in the microcirculation, with tissue necrosis and hemorrhage. This report describes the first 4 cases of symmetrical peripheral gangrene complicating ECMO. The 4 pediatric patients all had recent surgery for congenital cardiac disease, and all had significant exposure to ECMO prior to developing limb ischemia. Symmetrical peripheral gangrene is an unusual complication of ECMO that may arise in the setting of disseminated intravascular coagulation, sepsis, or other hemostatic and/or hemodynamic imbalance.
Application of molecularly imprinted polymers in food analysis: clean-up and chromatographic improvements
Authors: Regal Patricia , Díaz-Bao Mónica , Barreiro Rocío , Cepeda Alberto , Fente Cristina
Published: March 2012

Several natural and synthetic substances have been monitored in analytical laboratories worldwide to ensure food safety. Multiple residue detection (i.e., detection of multiple analytes in a single sample or matrix) is a main weakness of existing analytical methods, when fast and reliable results are required. Multianalyte approaches may save time and money in the food industry, and more importantly, they allow the quick release of food products into the marketplace. In addition, multianalyte approaches notably decrease the time required between sampling and analysis to meet legal requirements. However, to achieve analytical success, it is necessary to develop thorough clean-up procedures to extract analytes from the matrix. In addition, good chromatographic separation methods are also necessary to distinguish closely related analytes. Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) is an emerging, powerful tool for sample extraction and chromatography. First used for solid-phase extraction, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are also effective chromatographic phases for the separation of isomers and structurally related molecules. In recent years, a number of analytical methods utilising MIT have been applied for the analysis of residues in food, and existing methodologies have been improved. This review article describes the latest applications of MIT in the development of methodologies to monitor the presence of residues of veterinary products in foodstuff.
Amino acid and vitamin determinations by TLC/HPTLC: review of the current state
Authors: Mohammad Ali , Moheman Abdul , El-Desoky Gaber
Published: March 2012

Several methods to determine amino acids and vitamins in biological and pharmaceutical samples have been reported. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) finds its place when the relatively costly equipment required by other methods is unavailable. This review covers the 1991–2010 literature on TLC/HPTLC (high performance thin layer chromatography) amino acid and vitamin determinations. It gives an overview of the special features as well as the problems in TLC/HPTLC determinations of amino acids and vitamins. Various chromatographic systems useful in amino acid and vitamin identification, separation and quantitation of are presented in tabular form. Future prospects of TLC/HPTLC for amino acid and vitamin determinations are also discussed.
Bioanalysis of small-molecule drugs in nasal and paranasal tissues and secretions: Current status and perspectives
Authors: Serralheiro Ana , Alves Gilberto , Falcão Amílcar
Published: March 2012

Over the last years, interest in intranasal administration as an alternative and promising route for the delivery of drugs withlocal, systemic, and even central nervous system action has tremendously increased. Accordingly, understanding of the propertiesand characteristics of the nasal cavity as well as the biodisposition processes of drugs into the nasal compartments is acquiringa significant prominence in the field of pharmacology. In this context, the development and validation of bioanalytical methodologies for the quantitative measurement of drugs and their metabolites in nasal and paranasal tissues and/or secretions is of the utmostimportance. However, currently, information concerning bioanalysis of drugs in nasal and paranasal tissues and/or secretionsis scattered. This review aims to provide a valuable overview of the methodologies that have been used for the collectionand preparation of nasal and paranasal samples with special emphasis placed on the review of liquid chromatographic methodsemployed for the quantitative determination of small-molecule drugs and their metabolites in such specimens.
Hydrodynamics of tsunamis generated by asteroid impact in the Black Sea
Authors: Isvoranu Dragos , Badescu Viorel
Published: March 2012

Two-dimensional and one-dimensional models are used to evaluate the seashore effects of the tsunami generated by an asteroid hitting the deep water in the Eastern region of the Black Sea. The shallow water theory has been used to describe tsunami propagation. The distance between the impact point and the nearest coast is about 150 km. The effects on the coastal regions depend on many factors among which the most important is asteroid size. The tsunami generated by a 250 m asteroid reaches the nearest dry land location in 20 minutes and needs about two hours to hit all over the Black Sea coast. The horizontal inundation length is also known as run-in or run-off distance, according to the direction of water movement. The run-up values may be up to 39 m in the Eastern basin and a more than ten times smaller in theWestern region. The Northern part of the Black Sea coast is not affected by the tsunami. The run-in values of a tsunami generated by a 1000 m diameter asteroid are sensibly larger than the similar values associated to a 250 m diameter asteroid. The run-in strongly depends on the distance from the impact position to the shore and on coastal topographical profile. For instance, the run-in distance in case of a tsunami generated by a 250 m size asteroid is 0.1 km (at Varna), 0.5 km (Ordu), 0.7 km (Yalta) and 1.4 km (Sochi). In case of the 1000 m diameter asteroid the run-in distance is 0.7 km (at Varna) and 2.9 km (Yalta). The results accuracy is also discussed.
Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of MZr2(PO4)3:Eu3+; Bi3+ (M=Na; K) phosphors
Authors: He Xipu , Huang Junli , Zhou Liya , Pang Qi , Gong Fuzhong
Published: March 2012

A series of new red phosphors, MZr2(PO4)3:Eu3+; Bi3+ (M=Na; K), were synthesized using the solidstate reaction method, and their photoluminescence spectra were measured. The MZr2(PO4)3:Eu3+; Bi3+ (M=Na; K) phosphors were efficiently excited by an ultraviolet (UV; 395 nm) source, and showed intense orange-red emission at 595 nm. Further investigation of the concentration-dependent emission spectra indicated that the MZr2(PO4)3:Eu3+; Bi3+ (M=Na; K) phosphors exhibit the strongest luminescence intensity when y = 0.01 in NaZr2(0:95−y)(PO4)3:Eu0.103+, Bi2y
3+ and y = 0.09 in NaZr2(0.95−y)(PO4)3:Eu0.103+, Bi2y
3+, whereas the relative PL intensity decreases with increasing Bi3+ concentration due to concentration quenching. The addition of Bi3+ widens the excitation band of NaZr2(0.95−y)(PO4)3:Eu0.103+, Bi2y
3+ around 320 nm, which provides the useful idea of broadening the excitation band around 300–350 nm to fit the ultraviolet chip.
Application of genetic algorithms to determine heavy metal ions sorption dynamics on clinoptilolite bed
Authors: Tomczak Elwira , Kamiński Władysław
Published: March 2012

Application of genetic algorithms to determine heavy metal ions sorption dynamics on clinoptilolite bed

In the last decade a growing interest was observed in low-cost adsorbents for heavy metal ions. Clinoptilolite is a mineral sorbent extracted in Poland that is used to remove heavy metal ions from diluted solutions. The experiments in this study were carried out in a laboratory column for multicomponent water solutions of heavy metal ions, i.e. Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II). A mathematical model to calculate the metals' concentration of water solution at the column outlet and the concentration of adsorbed substances in the adsorbent was proposed. It enables determination of breakthrough curves for different process conditions and column dimensions. The model of process dynamics in the column took into account the specificity of sorption described by the Elovich equation (for chemical sorption and ion exchange). Identification of the column dynamics consisted in finding model coefficients β, KE and Deff and comparing the calculated values with experimental data. Searching for coefficients which identify the column operation can involve the use of optimisation methods to find the area of feasible solutions in order to obtain a global extremum. For that purpose our own procedure of genetic algorithm is applied in the study.
Antitussive Effect of a Pectic Arabinogalactans Isolated from Adhatoda Vasica in Vivo Experimental Conditions
Authors: Fleskova D. , Nosalova G. , Saha Sudipta , Bandyopadhyay Shruti , Bimalendu Ray , Jurecek L.
Published: March 2012

Antitussive Effect of a Pectic Arabinogalactans Isolated from Adhatoda Vasica in Vivo Experimental Conditions

The herbal polysaccharides have been the subject of many studies for a very long time, especially because of their physical properties, chemical and physical modification and application. Adhatoda vasica has also been traditionally included in preparations for the relief of cough, asthma and bronchitis recommended by Ayurvedic physicians for the management of various types of respiratory disorders. In this study, we have focused on activities of pectic arabinogalactans isolated from Adhatoda vasica on experimentally induced cough reflex and the changes of specific airway resistance in vivo conditions. The substance from leaves of Adhatoda vasica was marked as P-601 and the substance from stem bark of this shrub as P-602. The aim of presented study was to compare the antitussive activity of isolated arabinogalactans with cough suppressive activity of codeine ("positive" control) and effect acquired after application of water for injection ("negative" control). Conscious male Trik guinea pigs (200-350g) were exposed to citric acid aerosol. Peroral administration of these substances in a dose of 50 mg.kg-1 body weight decreased the number of citric acid induced cough efforts in guinea pigs more effectively than codeine. They did not induce any significant changes in the values of specific airway resistance and did not provoke any observable adverse effects. Our test results confirmed that polysaccharides isolated from Adhatoda vasica in vivo conditions have expressive antitussive effect compared with the oldest and the most effective cough suppressive agent - the codeine. The positive thing is the studied substances, despite strong supressive activity, did not induced any adverse side effects.
Implications of the Level of Dogmatism and Selected Psychosocial Conditions for a Propensity for Risky Behaviour among the Soldiers of the Polish Army Land Forces
Authors: Fijałkowska Sylwia
Published: March 2012

Implications of the Level of Dogmatism and Selected Psychosocial Conditions for a Propensity for Risky Behaviour among the Soldiers of the Polish Army Land Forces

The article presents the results of a study concerning a propensity for risky behaviour, conducted on regular soldiers of the Polish Army Land Forces. Its aim was to verify whether a level of dogmatism and selected psychosocial (socio-professional) conditions were related to a propensity for risky behaviour among the soldiers. The research partially confirmed the hypothesis of psychosocial determinants of a propensity for such behaviour. Young and shortserving soldiers appeared to be more inclined to undertake risky behaviour than older and long-serving ones. A tendency to avoid risky behaviour was displayed by soldiers from small towns (up to 20 000 inhabitants) as compared to groups of respondents from larger towns. The results of the research did not indicate a significant relationship between the propensity for risky behaviour and the level of dogmatism, education, personal corps, professional position.
The Development of the Self Through the “Gift of the Self” or the Mutual Recognition
Authors: Nin Márquez Mara Inés
Published: March 2012

Human identity is a complex process linked to the subject and his environment, both constantly evolving. Personality is developed and changed throughout lifetime, but it has a core that remains constant.

Thus a person can secure his continuity; he recognizes himself and is recognized by the others as time goes by. In fact, we are all the same, even after experiencing changes and years later.

The constitution of the other and the self are – from the phenomenological point of view – two components of the same process, which is the origin of the subjectivity of self and the objectivity of me. These are conditions for the identity’s construction, a continuous process that takes place throughout time. (Ballerini, 2005)

Human tendency to the community emerges with priority from the above definition. That deep desire of being part of a social group interprets others as constituent of the identity of the self. (Pulcini, 2002)

“Having an identity” actually means not only a set of characteristics noticed by ourselves after actions done or the “image” of us, but also to be recognized by the rest of society. (Andrea, 2004)

Therefore, community turns out in the ultimate horizon that responds to an individual’s recognition need.

The recognition of self by me is linked to the issue of the recognition of self through the other until mutual recognition as reciprocal act is reached. (Ricoeur, 2005)

Hence, “gift” becomes an emblem of mutual recognition, highlighting the relational and inter-subjective structure of the person.

The identity development goes through the mutual recognition experience and gift. (Castiglioni, 2008)

Somebody who gives himself recognizes the others and simultaneously, participates in his constitution and his self-understanding.
Gift and Self-Giving in the Relationship of Communion
Authors: Magari Simonetta
Published: March 2012

Psychology doesn’t seem to be really interested in the theme of gift; in the last decades it focus on the central role of recognition in the psyche building up. The authors underline Chiara Lubich’s original intuition linking profoundly the them of gift and recognition.
Empathy
Authors: Belzung Catherine
Published: March 2012

When we see a child crying, the urge to help him and to comfort him comes to us spontaneously. We understand what he is experiencing, and feel in us something of his sadness, his distress: this is what we call empathy. This sense of the other is the fruit of our evolutionary history and is hardwired in our biology. Empathy has interested a lot of thinkers and in particular the Scottish philosophers of the Age of the Enlightenment such as Adam Smith or Hume. More recently, the philosophers Robert Gordon (St Louis, Missouri) and Alvin Goldman (Tuscon, Arizona) proposed the theory of simulation according to which when we understand the other, we simulate the other’s point of view and we use this prospective to understand the other and predict his behavior. The French neuropscyhologist Jean Decety adopted this point of view. He specifies that the empathy is the capacity to mentally simulate the subjectivity of the other, to put ourselves in the shoes of another: it lies on biological systems.
Effect of Gender, Cadence, and Water Immersion on Ground Reaction Forces During Stationary Running
Authors: de Brito Fontana Heiliane , Haupenthal Alessandro , Ruschel Caroline , Hubert Marcel , Ridehalgh Colette , Roesler Helio
Published: March 2012

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Objectives

To analyze the vertical and anteroposterior components of the ground reaction force during stationary running performed in water and on dry land, focusing on the effect of gender, level of immersion, and cadence.

Background

Stationary running, as a fundamental component of aquatic rehabilitation and training protocols, is little explored in the literature with regard to biomechanical variables, which makes it difficult to determine and control the mechanical load acting on the individuals.

Methods

Twenty-two subjects performed 1 minute of stationary running on land, immersed to the hip, and immersed to the chest at 3 different cadences: 90 steps per minute, 110 steps per minute, and 130 steps per minute. Force data were acquired with a force plate, and the variables were vertical peak (Fy), loading rate (LR), anterior peak (Fx anterior), and posterior peak (Fx posterior). Data were normalized to subjects' body weight (BW) and analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results

Fy ranged from 0.98 to 2.11 BW, LR ranged from 5.38 to 11.52 BW/s, Fx anterior ranged from 0.07 to 0.14 BW, and Fx posterior ranged from 0.06 to 0.09 BW. The gender factor had no effect on the variables analyzed. A significant interaction between level of immersion and cadence was observed for Fy, Fx anterior, and Fx posterior. On dry land, Fy increased with increasing cadence, whereas in water this effect was seen only between 90 steps per minute and the 2 higher cadences. The higher the level of immersion, the lower the magnitude of Fy. LR was reduced under both water conditions and increased with increasing cadence, regardless of the level of immersion.

Conclusion

Ground reaction forces during stationary running are similar between genders. Fy and LR are lower in water, though the values are increased at higher cadences. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(5):437–443, Epub 8 March 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3572
Comparison of Reliability and Responsiveness of Patient-Reported Clinical Outcome Measures in Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation
Authors: Williams Valerie J. , Piva Sara R. , Irrgang James J. , Crossley Chad , Fitzgerald G. Kelley
Published: March 2012

Study Design

Secondary analysis, pretreatment-posttreatment observational study.

Objective

To compare the reliability and responsiveness of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the Knee Outcome Survey activities of daily living subscale (KOS-ADL), and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Background

The WOMAC is the current standard in patient-reported measures of function in patients with knee OA. The KOS-ADL and LEFS were designed for potential use in patients with knee OA. If the KOS-ADL and LEFS are to be considered viable alternatives to the WOMAC for measuring patient-reported function in individuals with knee OA, they should have measurement properties comparable to the WOMAC. It would also be important to determine whether either of these instruments may be superior to the WOMAC in terms of reliability or responsiveness in this population.

Methods

Data from 168 subjects with knee OA, who participated in a rehabilitation program, were used in the analyses. Reliability and responsiveness of each outcome measure were estimated at follow-ups of 2, 6, and 12 months. Reliability was estimated by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) for subjects who were unchanged in status from baseline at each follow-up time, based on a global rating of change score. To examine responsiveness, the standard error of the measurement, minimal detectable change, minimal clinically important difference, and the Guyatt responsiveness index were calculated for each outcome measure at each follow-up time.

Results

All 3 outcome measures demonstrated reasonable reliability and responsiveness to change. Reliability and responsiveness tended to decrease somewhat with increasing follow-up time. There were no substantial differences between outcome measures for reliability or any of the 3 measures of responsiveness at any follow-up time.

Conclusion

The results do not indicate that one outcome measure is more reliable or responsive than another when applied to subjects with knee OA. We believe that all 3 instruments are appropriate outcome measures to examine change in functional status of patients with knee OA. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(8):716–723, Epub 8 March 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.4038
Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Ethanol Extract of Ananas comosas (L.) Merr. Leaves in High Cholesterol Fed Albino Rats
Authors: Islam Mohammed Moinul , Mahabub-Uz-Zaman M , Aktar Rasheda , Ahmed Nazim Uddin
Published: March 2012

The hypocholesterolemic effect of the ethanol extract of Ananas comosas (Pineapple) was investigated in 5 groups of albino rats, 7 in each group. Group I rat received only distilled water and served as normal control. Groups II, III, IV and  V were made hypercholesterolemic by feeding cholesterol orally suspended in 2% cholic acid mixed soybean oil (1 ml/kg bw) at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw daily up to 60 days. Group II rat received 1 ml distilled water while animals of Group III , IV and V received ethanol extract of Ananas comosas at the dose of 1000 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight respectively daily up to 60 days in addition to cholesterol as above. At the end of 60th day animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for measurement of lipid profiles using enzymatic kit. Administration of cholesterol caused a significant rise (p<0.001) in the serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Simultaneous administration of three different doses of Ananas comosas extract namely 1000 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg for 60 days decreased serum cholesterol level by 62%, 47%, and 42% respectively (p<0.001); serum triglycerides level by 62.7%, 58.7%, and 49.09% respectively (p<0.001); serum LDL level by 70.5%, 53.9% and 51.15%, respectively (p<0.01). However, serum HDL level was not affected significantly. The cumulative results clearly indicate ethanol extract of Ananas comosas leaves possesses potent hypocholesterolaemic effect.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v5i1.3739 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.5(1) 2011
Influence of reconstituted wheat inclusion and enzyme supplementation on growth of digestive and immune organs in broilers
Authors: Labh Shyam Narayan
Published: March 2012

Abstract The present study was conducted to examine the influence of reconstituted wheat inclusion and enzyme supplementation on growth of digestive and immune organs in broilers fed on reconstituted wheat-based diets. The gizzard weight was reduced (P<0.05) in groups fed on diets containing wheat either processed or unprocessed. The spleen weight was significantly (P<0.05) influenced due to dietary treatments. The small intestine length reduced significantly (P<0.05) in 50% reconstituted wheat with or without enzymes fed groups. On the other hand, the large intestine length tended to reduce in group fed enzyme reconstituted wheat replacing maize when compared to control and test groups. When different types of wheat grains were compared, the relative caecal length was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in groups fed diets containing wheat reconstituted with or without enzymes in comparison to groups fed diets containing raw wheat with or without added enzymes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v5i1.5951 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.5(1) 2011 12-18
Insight into Wetland Winter Migratory Avian Biodiversity in Hathnikund Barrage in Haryana State in India
Authors: Gupta Rohtash Chand , Kaushik Tirshem Kumar
Published: March 2012

Hathnikund is a place in Yamunanagar District in Haryana where Yamuna Rivers forms a sort of Lake over raised plinth after descending into plains from Himalayas nearby Ponta Sahib town near Haryana-Himachal Border. At the same time, Tajewala Barrage is one more pool like scenic place where waters of Western Yamuna Canal are collected by Govt. of Haryana for subsequent multipurpose. In the present studies, wetland bird’s diversity of Hathnikund has been recorded, analyzed and interpreted. The studies were conducted for a period of three years (September 2005-March 2008) during winter season only. The present studies revealed that in all 47 species of wetland birds belonging to 9 orders and 13 families were observed during September 2005-March 2011. Out of these 47 species of wetland birds, 26 species were Winter Migratory, 13 Resident and 9 species were Local Migratory. In so far as Abundance Status is concerned, 26 species of birds were Common, Nine species were UnCommon, Seven Species of birds were Very Common and five species were Rare. Truely winter migratory birds observed belong to Orders, Ciconiiformes, Anseriformes and Chardriiformes. Prominent migratory birds include, amongst others, Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus, Brahminy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea, Gadwall Anas strepera, Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope, Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, Northern Pintail Anas acuta, Northern Shoveller Anas clypeata, Red-crested Pochard Rhodonessa rufina, Common Pochard Aythya ferina, Tufted Pochard Aythya fuligula which come to Hathini Kund during winter from far off places like Russia, Siberia, South and East Asia, China and Caspian region. It is recommended that Hathnikund be further promoted as Winter Halting Place for migratory birds by adding islands within the Water Sheet, the construction of wide margins on the peripheral zones and a rich canopy of endemic trees by implanted in plenty. It is further recommended that Eco-tourism facilities be generated at Hathnikund, linking biodiversity with society’s economic upliftment, employment and awareness. It is also recommended that Fish angling sport can be an added attraction to Bird Watching. In correlation with mystery-wrapped natural ambiences of Hathnikund, it can be sold to tourists of foreign origin thus generating exchange earning facility. As of today, no body known about Hathnikund except amateur bird watchers who turn out to be tourists too, if appropriate lodging boarding facilities are available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v5i1.5953 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.5(1) 2011 39-43
Risk Factors of Neonatal Mortality in Bangladesh
Authors: Kamal SMM , Ashrafuzzaman M , Nasreen SA
Published: March 2012

Introduction: To address United Nations Millennium Develop­ment Goal 4 (MDG 4) on reducing childhood mortality by three-quarter by 2015, there is a need for better population-based data on the rates and causes of neonatal death. This study aims to identify the risk factors of neonatal mortality in Bangladesh.Methods: The study used data from the nationally representative 2007 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. The survey gathered information regarding socioeconomic, demographic, environmental and maternal and child health care of 10,996 ever married women and 6,058 children. Both bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to assess the relationship between neonatal mortality and contextual factors.Results: The prevalence of neonatal mortality was 37/1,000. The statistical analyses yielded quantitatively important and reliable estimates of neonatal death. The multivariate logistic regression analysis yielded significantly increased risk of neonatal mortality for children with mother who had no formal education, the Muslims, whose mother were adolescents age 15-19, first ranked birth and twin babies.       Conclusion: Emphasis should be given to improve female education in Bangladesh for a better chance of satisfying important factors that can improve infant survival: the quality of infant feeding, general care, household sanitation, and adequate use of preventive and curative health services.Key words: Maternal and child health; Female education; MDG 4; Neonatal mortalityDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i1.4845  J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.32(1) 2012 37-46
Esophageal Foreign Body in a Neonate: An Unusual Age of Presentation
Authors: Singh H , Dhingra B , Yadav D , Aggarwal V
Published: March 2012

Ingestion of foreign bodies in neonates is very rare and can be life threatening. We describe a 20 days old neonate presented with vomiting, drooling of saliva and poor feeding tolerance. Chest radiograph showed a metallic foreign body in superior mediastinum. Foreign body was removed by rigid oesophagoscopy. The case describes the unusual age of presentation of foreign body and options available to remove these foreign bodies in neonates. Key words: Esophagus; Foreign body; Neonate DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i1.5306   J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.32(1) 2012 79-80
Infant Feeding Practices in Kaski District, Pokhara
Authors: Basnet S , Gauchan E , Malla K , Malla T , Koirala DP , Shah R , Sedhai Y
Published: March 2012

Background: Children in developing countries are prone to infectious diseases due to insufficient and inappropriate feeding practices. Socio-demographic and socio-economic factors directly and indirectly play a role in influencing infant feeding practices.  This study was conducted to assess the socio-demographic and economic factors associated with initiation of breastfeeding, complimentary feeding, and the various prelacteal feeds practiced in Kaski, Pokhara. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, interviews were conducted to 500 mothers at Manipal Teaching Hospital who brought their child for treatment. The interviews were conducted in a questionnaire format relating to their demographic and financial statuses. Results: A total of 500 mothers were questioned, out of which 86.6% gave their child breastmilk as its first food. 47% initiated breastfeeding within half an hour of child’s birth. 86% gave Jaulo as the first complementary food to their children. About 26% of the mothers gave complementary feeding to their children before the recommended time of 6 months. Conclusion: Initiation of breastfeeding after life and complementary feeding practices overall has improved from previous studies. There is still need of making awareness campaigns and such in order to further improve this trend. Key words: Breastfeeding; Complimentary feeding; Malnourishment DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i1.5339     J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.32(1) 2012 23-27
Intestinal Atresia: A Four-Year Review of Cases in Ikeja-Lagos
Authors: Williams OM , Osuoji RI , Ajai OT , Olayiwola B , Bankole MA
Published: March 2012

Introduction: Intestinal atresia is one of the most common causes of neonatal intestinal obstruction worldwide. The pattern of presentation and management in our institution is reviewed. The objective of the study was to evaluate the pattern of intestinal atresias and stenoses in newborns who presented to our unit. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of patients with intestinal atresias and stenoses who presented between September 2004 and November 2008. The clinical presentation, diagnoses, operative management, post operative care and outcome were obtained from the case notes. Results: Thirty cases were seen in that period, M:F; 1:1.5. Eleven (36.7%) were duodenal pathologies and 19 (63.3%) were jejunoileal. The main presenting symptom was bilious vomiting. Overall mortality is 40.9%. Prematurity and delayed presentations are the major contributing factors to mortality. Conclusion: Improvement of health care facilities as well as public health education to seek early intervention will improve outcome. Maternal awareness of this condition would lead to prompt seeking of treatment for paediatric patients. Key words: Intestinal atresia; congenital malformation; total parenteral nutrition   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i1.5382   J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.32(1) 2012 28-32
An Unusual Case of Acute Pancreatitis in a Child
Authors: Joshi BG , Wadhwa N
Published: March 2012

Ascaris lumbricoides is a common intestinal parasite in tropical regions.Pancreatitis due to worm infestation is an uncommon but important cause in this region. While there are reports of pancreatic duct invasion by round worms in adults, such cases are rarely reported in pediatric population. We report one such case in a sixteen year old child.  Key words: Ascaris Lumbricoides; Pancreatitis; ERCPDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i1.5484J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.32(1) 2012 69-70
Evaluation, Awareness, Practice and Management of Cold Chain at the Primary Health Care Centers in Coastal South India
Authors: Rao S , Naftar S , Baliga S , Unnikrishnana B
Published: March 2012

Introduction: Vaccination is one of the most effective disease prevention strategies and potency of vaccines is dependent on effective management of cold chain at all levels of vaccine handling. The objective was to assess the status of cold chain at the primary health centers and to assess the knowledge and practices of medical officers at these centers regarding cold chain management.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at 70 primary health centers of Dakshina Kannada District of Coastal South India. Cold chain equipment and maintenance process was noted following direct observation on uninformed visits. Data regarding the knowledge and practices of cold chain management was obtained by interviewing the medical officers using structured pretested questionnaire.Results: Ice lined refrigerators and deep freezers were available in 69 (98.6%) and 67(95.8%) of centers. Dial thermometer was present in all the centers. Cold boxes, frozen packs and automated voltage stabilizers were available in 68(97.2%) centers. Improper vaccine storage was observed in 7 (10%) centers. Majority of medical officers had knowledge and correct practices in fields like ideal equipment, OPV administration, vaccine requiring diluents but only 47 (61.8%) medical officers had correct practice of defrosting the deep freezers.Conclusions: The availability of equipment is near universal. Improper vaccine storage practices and poor knowledge in some fields of cold chain management may adversely affect the quality of administered vaccine. Relevant training for those handling the cold chain is recommended.Key words: Cold Chain; India; Primary health center; Temperature monitoring   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i1.5946  J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.32(1) 2012 19-22
Public Opinion on Prostitution Law Reform in Canada
Authors: Lowman John , Louie Christine
Published: March 2012

This research note examines prohibitionist claims about public opinion on Canadian prostitution law. It focuses on (1) the Christian Legal Fellowship, REAL Women of Canada, and the Catholic Civil Rights League (CLF) factum to the Superior Court of Ontario in Bedford v Canada (2010), which claims that most Canadians support prohibition; and (2) Prime Minister Stephen Harper's assertion that most Canadians support the prohibitionist stance underlying his government's decision to appeal the Superior Court of Ontario's decision to strike down several prostitution laws (Bedford v Canada 2010). A review of seven national public opinion polls conducted between 1984 and 2011 reveals that, contrary to the CLF and the prime minister's claims, since 2005 a small majority of Canadians favour some form of decriminalization of consensual adult prostitution. The surveys reveal marked gender differences in attitudes to prostitution law reform, with men being more likely to favour decriminalization than women. Three Angus Reid surveys (2009, 2010, 2011) suggest that there is little support for the “Nordic model” of demand-side prohibition.
Comparison of Severity of Motorcyclist Injury by Crash Types
Authors: Schneider William H. , Savolainen Peter T.
Published: March 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine statewide motorcycle crash data from the state of Ohio to identify those factors most strongly associated with the level of injury sustained by motorcyclists involved in crashes. The year 2009 marked the first time since 1997 that Ohio experienced fewer motorcycle fatalities than in the previous year; this result was consistent with national trends over this same period. Since anecdotal evidence suggested that much of this result was due to decreases in motorcycle travel, an investigation of rider, crash, and environmental factors that influenced injury severity was an important step toward sustaining this reduction. The effects of such factors in various types of motorcycle crashes were compared. Multinomial logit models were developed for single-vehicle and multivehicle motorcycle crashes at both intersection and nonintersection locations. The results showed that the impacts of relevant crash factors varied by crash type and location and that severe injuries were more likely when high speed or alcohol was involved. Collisions with fixed objects and high-impact crashes, such as angle and head-on collisions, also produced dramatic increases in injury severity. Helmet use continued to provide the most promising means of reducing severe and fatal injuries in all types of crashes. Helmet use was found to reduce the likelihood of injury by 34.4% in single-vehicle crashes and between 12.4% and 14.1% in multivehicle crashes.
Effect of superdisintegrants on formulation of taste masked fast disintegrating Ciprofloxacin tablets
Authors: Jain Nilesh , Mandal Sumain , Banweer Jitendra , Jain Surendra
Published: March 2012

The present investigation deals with the formulation of taste masked fast disintegrating tablets of Ciprofloxacin that disintegrate in the oral cavity upon contact with saliva and thereby improve therapeutic efficacy. Ciprofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class. It is a second-generation fluoroquinolone antibacterial that kills bacteria by interfering with the enzymes that cause DNA to rewind after being copied, which stops synthesis of DNA and protein. It may also be used to prevent or slow anthrax after exposure. The influence of superdisintegrants, crospovidone and sodium starch glycolate on disintegration time, wetting time and water absorp-tion ratio were studied. Tablets were evaluation for weight and thickness variation, disintegration time, drug content, in vitro dissolution, wetting time and water absorption ratio. The in vitro disintegration time of the best fast disinte-gration tablets was found to be within 36 seconds. Tablets containing crospovidone (40%) exhibits quick disintegration time than tablets containing sodium starch glycolate. The fast disintegrating tablets of ciprofloxacin with shorter disintegration time, acceptable taste and sufficient hardness could be prepared using crospovidone and other excipients at optimum concentration.Key Words: ciprofloxacin; sodium starch glycolate; crospovidone; superdisintegrants; taste mask; fast disintegrating tablet.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i4.10059International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(4): 62-67
Tannins, Peptic Ulcers and Related Mechanisms
Authors: De Jesus Neyres Zinia Taveira , Falcão Heloina de Souza , Gomes Isis Fernandes , Leite Thiago Jose de Almeida , Lima Gedson Rodrigues de Morais , Barbosa-Filho Jose Maria , Tavares Josean Fechine , Silva Marcelo Sobral da , Athayde-Filho Petrônio Filgueiras de , Batista Leonia Maria
Published: March 2012

This review of the current literature aims to study correlations between the chemical structure and gastric anti-ulcer activity of tannins. Tannins are used in medicine primarily because of their astringent properties. These properties are due to the fact that tannins react with the tissue proteins with which they come into contact. In gastric ulcers, this tannin-protein complex layer protects the stomach by promoting greater resistance to chemical and mechanical injury or irritation. Moreover, in several experimental models of gastric ulcer, tannins have been shown to present antioxidant activity, promote tissue repair, exhibit anti Helicobacter pylori effects, and they are involved in gastrointestinal tract anti-inflammatory processes. The presence of tannins explains the anti-ulcer effects of many natural products.
A Convenient Route to 4-Carboxy-4-Anilidopiperidine Esters and Acids
Authors: Marton János , Glaenzel Brita , Roessler Julia , Golaszewski Daniela , Henriksen Gjermund
Published: March 2012

The route selection and development of a convenient synthesis of 4-carboxy-4-anilidopiperidines is described. Previous routes were hampered by the low yield of the target esters as well as the inability to convert the esters to the required free acids. Considerations for large-scale production led to a modified synthesis that utilised a tert-butyl ester of 4-carboxy-4-anilidopiperidines which resulted in a dramatic increase in the overall yield of the target N-propionylated- 4-anilidopiperidine-4-carboxylic acids and their corresponding methyl esters. These compounds are now available for use as precursors and reference standards, of particular value for the production of 11C and 18F-labelled 4-carboxy-4-anilidopiperidine radiotracers.
Spiral Assembly of the 1D Chain Sheet of Fe(NCBH3)2(bpa)2·(biphenyl) (bpa = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane) and its Stepwise Spin-Crossover Phenomenon
Authors: Nakashima Satoru , Morita Takaki , Inoue Katsuya , Hayami Shinya
Published: March 2012

The assembled complex, Fe(NCBH3)2(bpa)2, enclathrating biphenyl has been synthesized, the skeleton of which is a 1D chain. Several 1D chains gather together to form 1D chain sheet. The 1D chain sheet is stacked spirally to form novel spiral assembly. The average Fe-N distances were 2.020(2), 2.083(2), and 2.191(2) Å at 100, 175, and 298 K, respectively, reflecting spin-state change of the iron ion. The assembly showed a stepwise spin-crossover phenomenon.
Circulating microRNAs as Biomarkers, Therapeutic Targets, and Signaling Molecules
Authors: Ajit Seena K.
Published: March 2012

Small noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of post-transcriptional gene regulation and have altered the prevailing view of a linear relationship between gene and protein expression. Aberrant miRNA expression is an emerging theme for a wide variety of diseases, highlighting the fundamental role played by miRNAs in both physiological and pathological states. The identification of stable miRNAs in bodily fluids paved the way for their use as novel biomarkers amenable to clinical diagnosis in translational medicine. Identification of miRNAs in exosomes that are functional upon delivery to the recipient cells has highlighted a novel method of intercellular communication. Delivery of miRNAs to recipient cells via blood, with functional gene regulatory consequences, opens up novel avenues for target intervention. Exosomes thus offer a novel strategy for delivering drugs or RNA therapeutic agents. Though much work lies ahead, circulating miRNAs are unequivocally ushering in a new era of novel biomarker discovery, intercellular communication mechanisms, and therapeutic intervention strategies.
The Economic Value of Mangroves: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Salem Marwa E. , Mercer D. Evan
Published: March 2012

This paper presents a synthesis of the mangrove ecosystem valuation literature through a meta-regression analysis. The main contribution of this study is that it is the first meta-analysis focusing solely on mangrove forests, whereas previous studies have included different types of wetlands. The number of studies included in the regression analysis is 44 for a total of 145 observations. We include several regressions with the objective of addressing outliers in the data as well as the possible correlations between observations of the same study. We also investigate possible interaction effects between type of service and GDP per capita. Our findings indicate that mangroves exhibit decreasing returns to scale, that GDP per capita has a positive effect on mangrove values and that using the replacement cost and contingent valuation methods produce higher estimates than do other methods. We also find that there are statistically significant interaction effects that influence the data. Finally, the results indicate that employing weighted regressions provide a better fit than others. However, in terms of forecast performance we find that all the estimated models performed similarly and were not able to conclude decisively that one outperforms the other.
The Coronavirus E Protein: Assembly and Beyond
Authors: Ruch Travis R. , Machamer Carolyn E.
Published: March 2012

The coronavirus E protein is a small membrane protein that has an important role in the assembly of virions. Recent studies have indicated that the E protein has functions during infection beyond assembly, including in virus egress and in the host stress response. Additionally, the E protein has ion channel activity, interacts with host proteins, and may have multiple membrane topologies. The goal of this review is to highlight the properties and functions of the E protein, and speculate on how they may be related.
Sigillata italica hallada en Ceuta
Authors: Posac Mon Carlos
Published: March 2012

Des travaux de construction ont entraîné la découverte à Ceuta de monnaies (fin du royaume de Maurétanie -premiers temps de l'occupation romaine) et d'une abondante céramique lisse (grands plats, vases) et décorée (principalement dArezzo .· coupes, skyphoU avec de très nombreux inédits.