bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contemporary hemodynamic monitoring, fluid responsiveness, volume optimization, and endpoints of resuscitation: an AAST critical care committee clinical consensus
Authors: Martin Niels D , Codner Panna , Greene Wendy , Brasel Karen , Michetti Christopher
Published: March 2020

This article, on hemodynamic monitoring, fluid responsiveness, volume assessment, and endpoints of resuscitation, is part of a compendium of guidelines provided by the AAST (American Association for the Surgery of Trauma) critical care committee. The intention of these guidelines is to inform practitioners with practical clinical guidance. To do this effectively and contemporarily, expert consensus via the critical care committee was obtained. Strict guideline methodology such a GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) was purposefully NOT used so as not to limit the possible clinical guidance. The critical care committee foresees this methodology as practically valuable to the bedside clinician.
Estimating population abundance with a mixture of physical capture and PIT tag antenna detection data
Authors: Conner Mary M. , Budy Phaedra E. , Wilkison Richard A. , Mills Michael , Speas David , Mackinnon Peter D. , Mckinstry Mark C.
Published: March 2020

The inclusion of passive interrogation antenna (PIA) detection data has promise to increase precision of population abundance estimates ([Formula: see text]). However, encounter probabilities are often higher for PIAs than for physical capture. If the difference is not accounted for, [Formula: see text] may be biased. Using simulations, we estimated the magnitude of bias resulting from mixed capture and detection probabilities and evaluated potential solutions for removing the bias for closed capture models. Mixing physical capture and PIA detections (pdet) resulted in negative biases in [Formula: see text]. However, using an individual covariate to model differences removed bias and improved precision. From a case study of fish making spawning migrations across a stream-wide PIA (pdet ≤ 0.9), the coefficient of variation (CV) of [Formula: see text] declined 39%–82% when PIA data were included, and there was a dramatic reduction in time to detect a significant change in [Formula: see text]. For a second case study, with modest pdet (≤0.2) using smaller PIAs, CV ([Formula: see text]) declined 4%–18%. Our method is applicable for estimating abundance for any situation where data are collected with methods having different capture–detection probabilities.
Acute physiological response by the plethodontid salamander Eurycea cirrigera (Southern Two-lined Salamander) to predation stress from alarm chemicals and predator kairomones
Authors: Marvin G.A.
Published: March 2020

Plethodontid salamanders may reduce predation risk via behavioral responses to predator kairomones and alarm chemicals from injured salamanders. However, it not known whether such predator cues prompt acute physiological responses, which may enhance arousal and the physical ability to escape from a predator. I examined whether predator chemical cues elicit an acute cardiac response in Eurycea cirrigera (Green, 1831) (Southern Two-lined Salamander). I compared heart rates before and after exposure to the odor of the large predatory Pseudotriton ruber (Sonnini de Manoncourt and Latreille, 1801) (Red Salamander) and exposure to alarm chemicals from homogenized skin of conspecifics. For two controls, I compared heart rates before and after exposure to the odor of live conspecifics and the odor of the large non-predatory Plethodon mississippi Highton in Highton, Maha and Maxson, 1989 (Mississippi Slimy Salamander). Compared with resting values, heart rates significantly increased in response to predator kairomones (mean rate increased 10.9% after 2 min and 12.7% after 5 min) and alarm chemicals from conspecifics (mean rate increased 12.0% after 2 min and 14.5% after 5 min). In contrast, heart rates after exposure to each control odor did not significantly differ from resting values. Results demonstrate an acute cardiac response to chemical cues indicative of either a predator or a predation event.
Improved BSM sensitivity in diboson processes at linear colliders
Authors: Henning Brian , Lombardo Davide Maria , Riva Francesco
Published: March 2020

We study $$W^+W^-$$W+W- and Zh final sstates at future linear $$e^+e^-$$e+e- colliders; designing analyses specific to the various final state polarizations allows us to target specific beyond the Standard Model (BSM) effects, parametrized in the form of dimension-6 operators. We find that CLIC can access effects roughly an order of magnitude smaller than HL-LHC or ILC, and two orders of magnitude smaller than LEP. These results are interpreted in the context of well-motivated BSM scenarios–at weak and strong coupling–where we expect correlated effects in Drell–Yann processes. The latter turn out to have better discovery potential, although the diboson processes provide additional discriminating power, potentially furnishing a way to measure the spin and coupling of BSM states.
K-theory of AF-algebras from braided C*-tensor categories
Authors: Aaserud Andreas Næs , Evans David Emrys
Published: March 2020

Renault, Wassermann, Handelman and Rossmann (early 1980s) and Evans and Gould (1994) explicitly described the [Formula: see text]-theory of certain unital AF-algebras [Formula: see text] as (quotients of) polynomial rings. In this paper, we show that in each case the multiplication in the polynomial ring (quotient) is induced by a ∗-homomorphism [Formula: see text] arising from a unitary braiding on a C*-tensor category and essentially defined by Erlijman and Wenzl (2007). We also present some new explicit calculations based on the work of Gepner, Fuchs and others. Specifically, we perform computations for the rank two compact Lie groups SU(3), Sp(4) and G2 that are analogous to the Evans–Gould computation for the rank one compact Lie group SU(2).

The Verlinde rings are the fusion rings of Wess–Zumino–Witten models in conformal field theory or, equivalently, of certain related C*-tensor categories. Freed, Hopkins and Teleman (early 2000s) realized these rings via twisted equivariant [Formula: see text]-theory. Inspired by this, our long-term goal is to realize these rings in a simpler [Formula: see text]-theoretical manner, avoiding the technicalities of loop group analysis. As a step in this direction, we note that the Verlinde rings can be recovered as above in certain special cases.
Relative entropy for von Neumann subalgebras
Authors: Gao Li , Junge Marius , LaRacuente Nicholas
Published: March 2020

We revisit the connection between index and relative entropy for an inclusion of finite von Neumann algebras. We observe that the Pimsner–Popa index connects to sandwiched [Formula: see text]-Rényi relative entropy for all [Formula: see text], including Umegaki’s relative entropy at [Formula: see text]. Based on that, we introduce a new notation of relative entropy to a subalgebra which generalizes subfactors index. This relative entropy has application in estimating decoherence time of quantum Markov semigroups.
On the effects of rotation and violation of the Lorentz symmetry on the scalar field
Authors: Bakke K. , Belich H.
Published: March 2020

We deal with the effects of rotation and violation of the Lorentz symmetry on the scalar field from a geometrical point of view. By choosing a fixed spacelike four-vector and a fixed timelike four-vector, we obtain two modified line elements for the Minkowski space–time. In addition, we consider a uniformly rotating frame. Then, we analyze how the effects of rotation and violation of the Lorentz symmetry determine the upper limit of the radial coordinate. Further, we analyze the effects of rotation and violation of the Lorentz symmetry on the confinement of the scalar field to a hard-wall confining potential.
ROBUST BOUNDS FOR DERIVATIVE PRICES IN MARKOVIAN MODELS
Authors: SESTER JULIAN
Published: March 2020

We study the optimal martingale transport problem under an additional constraint imposing the underlying process to be Markovian. This formulation results in a modified transportation problem in which the solutions correspond to robust price bounds for exotic derivatives within the class of calibrated martingale models exhibiting the Markov property. We investigate the arising consequences which comprise a dual perspective of the transport problem in terms of liquid replication strategies. Eventually an empirical investigation illustrates the influence of the Markov property on robust price bounds for financial derivatives.
Constructing deterministic models for quantum mechanical systems
Authors: ’t Hooft Gerard
Published: March 2020

A sharper formulation is presented for an interpretation of quantum mechanics advocated by the author. We claim that only those quantum theories should be considered for which an ontological basis can be constructed. In terms of this basis, the entire theory can be considered as being deterministic. An example is illustrated: massless, noninteracting fermions are ontological. Subsequently, as an essential element of the deterministic interpretation, we put forward conservation laws concerning the ontological nature of a variable, and the uncertainties concerning the realization of states. Quantum mechanics can then be treated as a device that combines statistics with mechanical, deterministic laws, such that uncertainties are passed on from initial states to final states.
Bianchi type-V solutions with varying G and Λ: The general case
Authors: Alfedeel Alnadhief H. A. , Abebe Amare
Published: March 2020

The homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-V cosmological model with variable gravitational and cosmological “constants” with a general (nonstiff) perfect fluid is investigated. The Einstein field equations (EFEs) are numerically integrated with the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method for different values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] parameters of quantum fields in a curved and expanding background. Three realistic models, namely matter, radiation and phantom dark energy models are also discussed. In all these models, it was found that the cosmological “constant” decreases with time, whereas the gravitational “constant” increases over time. It is shown that the universe in these models becomes isotropic at late times.
Noncommutative Dirac and Klein–Gordon oscillators in the background of cosmic string: Spectrum and dynamics
Authors: N’Dolo Emanonfi Elias , Samary Dine Ousmane , Ezinvi Baloitcha , Hounkonnou Mahouton Norbert
Published: March 2020

From a study of an oscillator in a 4D noncommutative (NC) spacetime, we establish the Hamilton equations of motion. The formers are solved to give the oscillator position and momentum coordinates. These coordinates are used to build a metric similar to that describing a cosmic string. On this basis, Dirac and Klein–Gordon oscillators are investigated. Their spectrum and dynamics are analyzed giving rise to novel interesting properties.
Kinematic geometry of hyperbolic dual spherical motions and Euler–Savary’s equation
Authors: Alluhaibi Nadia , Abdel-Baky R. A.
Published: March 2020

In this paper, differential properties of the one-parameter hyperbolic dual spherical kinematics are developed with explicit expressions independent of coordinates systems. We calculate Euler–Savary equations of spherical kinematics in the dual Lorentzian 3-space [Formula: see text]. Then from E. Study’s map new proofs are directly attained for the Disteli’s formulae and their spatial equivalents are examined in detail. Lastly for spherical and planar motions, the point trajectories theoretical expressions of the point trajectories are investigated with a certain value of acceleration and velocity, which are regarded as different forms of Euler–Savary equation form.
Black phosphorus as a versatile nanoplatform: From unique properties to biomedical applications
Authors: Xiong Sha , Chen Xiaojia , Liu Yao , Fan Taojian , Wang Qi , Zhang Han , Chen Tongkai
Published: March 2020

Black phosphorus (BP) or phosphorene, a new superstar among two-dimensional (2D) materials, has sparked huge scientific interest since its discovery in 2014. BP offers unique characteristics including high drug loading efficiency, excellent photodynamic and photothermal properties and good biocompatibility. These characteristics expand versatility of BP in nanomedicine. Although the outlook of BP seems promising, its practical biomedical applications are still at the very initial stage especially in comparison to other thoroughly investigated inorganic nanomaterials. This paper reviews BP structure and properties as well as its preparation approaches with the emphasis on techniques to improve BP stability and biocompatibility for their further usage in physiological environment. Meanwhile, recent progress made in various biomedical research fields from bioimaging to biosensing is discussed. Last, but not least, current challenges and prospects for BP in biomedicine are briefly examined, which will be useful to guide future developments of BP.
Dielectric relaxation study of aqueous ethylene glycol mono-methyl ether (EGME) with water using time domain reflectometry technique in the frequency range 10MHz to 50GHz
Authors: Khan Zamir S. , Lokhande M. P. , Deshmukh Avadhut , Kumbharkhane A. C.
Published: March 2020

The Complex permittivity spectra of glycol ether (GE) compounds such as ethylene glycol mono-methyl ether (EGME) with water mixture over entire concentration range and in temperature range of 10–25∘C have been determined using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) technique in the frequency range 10[Formula: see text]MHz to 50[Formula: see text]GHz. The complex permittivity spectra for EGME-water were fitted in the Cole–Davidson model. The Static dielectric constant ([Formula: see text], Relaxation time ([Formula: see text], effective Kirkwood correlation factor ([Formula: see text], excess permittivity ([Formula: see text], thermodynamic parameters (activation enthalpy and activation entropy) and Bruggeman factor ([Formula: see text] have been calculated by the nonlinear least square fit method. The intermolecular interactions between EGME-water binary mixtures suggest the nonlinear behavior of dielectric parameters. The contribution of hydrogen bonding interactions among the solute–solvent mixtures is confirmed by Excess properties and Bruggeman factor.
Crystal structure and dielectric properties of layered perovskite-like solid solutions Bi3−xGdxTiNbO9 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) with high Curie temperature
Authors: Zubkov S. V.
Published: March 2020

The Aurivillius phases (APs) [Bi2O2][Formula: see text][[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]][Formula: see text] are well-known ferroelectrics with high Curie temperatures. High-temperature piezoceramics [Formula: see text]GdxTiNbO9(BiGdTiNb, [Formula: see text], 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) were prepared by a solid-state reaction method. The structural and electrophysical characteristics of BiGdTiNb ceramics have been studied. According to the data of powder X-ray diffraction, all the compounds are single-phase with the structures of two-layer APs ([Formula: see text]) with the orthorhombic crystal lattice (space group [Formula: see text]). The temperature dependence of the relative permittivity [Formula: see text] (T) of the compounds was measured and showed that the Curie temperature of perovskite-like oxides [Formula: see text]GdxTiNbO9 increases linearly with an increase in the substitution parameter [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]C. The activation energies of charge carriers have been found in different temperature ranges.
Fast Erasure Coding for Data Storage
Authors: Zhou Tianli , Tian Chao
Published: March 2020

Various techniques have been proposed in the literature to improve erasure code computation efficiency, including optimizing bitmatrix design and computation schedule, common XOR (exclusive-OR) operation reduction, caching management techniques, and vectorization techniques. These techniques were largely proposed individually, and, in this work, we seek to use them jointly. To accomplish this task, these techniques need to be thoroughly evaluated individually and their relation better understood. Building on extensive testing, we develop methods to systematically optimize the computation chain together with the underlying bitmatrix. This led to a simple design approach of optimizing the bitmatrix by minimizing a weighted computation cost function, and also a straightforward coding procedure—follow a computation schedule produced from the optimized bitmatrix to apply XOR-level vectorization. This procedure provides better performances than most existing techniques (e.g., those used in ISA-L and Jerasure libraries), and sometimes can even compete against well-known but less general codes such as EVENODD, RDP, and STAR codes. One particularly important observation is that vectorizing the XOR operations is a better choice than directly vectorizing finite field operations, not only because of the flexibility in choosing finite field size and the better encoding throughput, but also its minimal migration efforts onto newer CPUs.
Psoas Muscle Area Measured with Computed Tomography at Admission to Intensive Care Unit: Prediction of In‐Hospital Mortality in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Akkoc Ibrahim , Toptas Mehmet , Yalcin Mazhar , Demir Eren , Toptas Yasar
Published: March 2020

Aim. Sarcopenia, a core component of physical frailty, is an independent risk factor for suboptimal health outcomes in hospitalized patients, especially in the intensive care patients. Psoas muscle areas can be assessed to identify sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of psoas muscle area measured with CT for the prediction of in‐hospital mortality in patients with pulmonary embolism at admission to the intensive care unit. Methods. Patients with an admission abdominal computed tomography scan and requiring intensive care unit (ICU) stay were reviewed. Selected clinical data of patients admitted to intensive care unit for the management of pulmonary embolism were collected. Using CT scan images at the level of L3 vertebra, the psoas muscle area value was obtained by dividing the sum of the right and left psoas muscle areas into the body surface area. Results. In‐hospital mortality rate was 22.5% in 89 patients. The pulmonary embolism patients with in‐hospital mortality had higher PESI and lower value of psoas muscle area, in addition to the lower systolic blood pressure and arterial oxygen saturation at admission. The increase in the value of psoas muscle area is associated with a decrease in the rate of in‐hospital mortality. In patients with in‐hospital mortality related to pulmonary embolism, the higher PESI and the lower value of psoas muscle area were considered in accordance with the outcome of patients. Conclusions. For the prediction of in‐hospital mortality risk in patients with pulmonary embolism managed in intensive care unit, the psoas muscle area value has a merit to be used among the routine diagnostic procedures after further studies conducted with different severity of pulmonary embolism.
Response Mechanism of Cotton Growth to Water and Nutrients under Drip Irrigation with Plastic Mulch in Southern Xinjiang
Authors: Li Meng , Xiao Jun , Bai Yungang , Du Yingji , Zhang Fucang , Cheng Houliang , Wang Haoran
Published: March 2020

The effects of water and nutrient control measures on the cotton plant height, stem diameter, biomass, seed yield, and soil moisture under an irrigated plastic mulch production system were studied. Using field experiments in the 2018 cotton-growing season, 6 fertilization treatments (30-10.5-4.5 (N-P2O5-K2O), 24-8.4-3.6 (N-P2O5-K2O), 20-7-3 (N-P2O5-K2O), 16-5.6-2.4 (N-P2O5-K2O), 10-3.5-1.5 (N-P2O5-K2O), and 0-0-0 (N-P2O5-K2O) kg/mu) and 6 deficit irrigation treatments (40% PET, 60% PET, and 80% PET) were established at the cotton budding and flowering stages. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P<0.05) was used to evaluate the significant differences among the treatments. The results showed that the effects of the water and nutrient control measures were obvious. The irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) was the highest under the 80% deficit irrigation (T7) treatment at the flowering stage (2.62 kg/m3). Increases in cotton plant height and stem diameter were promoted by mild or moderate deficit irrigation at the flowering stage, but normal growth and development were affected by severe deficit irrigation at any growth stage. The growth indexes of cotton increased with increasing fertilization, but significant differences between each fertilization gradient were not obvious. At the same time, excessive fertilization not only had a positive effect on the LAI (leaf area index) and yield but also caused fertilizer waste and unnecessary cotton growth. The cotton seed yield and single boll yield reached their highest values (566 kg/mu) under the 1.2 times fertilizer treatment (T9), but the 0.8 times fertilizer treatment had the highest IWUE among the nutrient control treatments (1.91 kg/m3). Therefore, it is suggested that deficit irrigation at 60~80% of the potential evapotranspiration (PET) at the flowering stage and 16-5.6-2.4 (N-P2O5-K2O) fertilizer be applied as an optimal water and nutrient management strategy to maximize the seed cotton yield, IWUE, and overall growth and development of cotton.
Hypopharyngeal Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma in the MDM2 Era: A Case Report and Short Review
Authors: Wanes Peter , Nolte David A. , Tranesh Ghassan A.
Published: March 2020

Pharyngeal liposarcomas are very rare; still more rare are dedifferentiated liposarcomas in the pharynx. An 82-year-old man presented with dysphagia, voice changes, weight loss, nasal regurgitation of liquids, and coughing spells. A 3.5 cm mass was identified in the hypopharynx. The mass was biopsied and diagnosed as a benign fibroepithelial polyp. Continued symptoms and airway obstruction prompted a pharyngectomy, and the mass was then diagnosed as dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Due to infrequency and subtle histological findings, liposarcomas of the head and neck can be misdiagnosed and recur.
Multiple Anesthesia/Surgery Cannot Impair Reference Memory in Adult Mice
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxin , Lu Jian , Wu Tong , Jiang Xuliang , Tian Weitian , Dai Wanbing , Qi Siyi , Chen Xuemei , Zhang Jiaqiang , Su Diansan
Published: March 2020

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction increases mortality and morbidity in perioperative patients. Numerous studies have demonstrated that multiple surgery/anesthesia during the neurodevelopmental period affects cognitive function, whereas a single anesthesia/surgery rarely causes cognitive dysfunction in adults. However, whether adults who undergo multiple anesthesia/surgery over a short period will experience cognitive dysfunction remains unclear. In this study, central nervous system inflammation and changes in cholinergic markers were investigated in adult mice subjected to multiple laparotomy procedures over a short period of time. The results showed that despite the increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the hippocampus after multiple operations and the activation of microglia, multiple anesthesia/surgery did not cause a decline in cognitive function in adult mice. There were no changes in the cholinergic markers after multiple anesthesia/surgery.
Is Nonmicronized Diosmin 600 mg as Effective as Micronized Diosmin 900 mg plus Hesperidin 100 mg on Chronic Venous Disease Symptoms? Results of a Noninferiority Study
Authors: Steinbruch Marcio , Nunes Carlos , Gama Romualdo , Kaufman Renato , Gama Gustavo , Suchmacher Neto Mendel , Nigri Rafael , Cytrynbaum Natasha , Brauer Oliveira Lisa , Bertaina Isabelle , Verrière François , Geller Mauro
Published: March 2020

Background. Phlebotonics have beneficial effects on some symptoms related to chronic venous disease (CVD) of the lower limbs. The most commonly used one is diosmin, available in a pure semisynthetic form or as a micronized purified flavonoid fraction. Patients and Methods. The primary objective of this single-blind, randomized, parallel-group, prospective study was to assess the clinical noninferiority of nonmicronized diosmin 600 mg once daily (D-group) compared to micronized diosmin 900 mg plus hesperidin 100 mg once daily (D/H-group) over a 6-month treatment period. Adult patients with a symptomatic CVD of the lower limbs (C0-C3 grade; 20-60 mm on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS)) were included. The primary endpoint was the change (from baseline to last postbaseline value) of the intensity of the lower-limb symptoms on VAS. Results. 114 patients (mean age, 44.4 years; women, 90.4%) were randomized in the per-protocol analysis (D-group, n=57; D/H-group, n=57). Symptoms significantly improved in both groups with adjusted mean VAS changes of -24.9 mm (p<0.0001) in the D-group and -22.8 mm (p<0.0001) in the D/H-group, corresponding to approximately 50% reduction in basal symptom intensity. The difference between groups was -2.1 mm with an upper limit of one-sided 90% confidence interval equal to 1.0 mm for a noninferiority margin set at 20 mm (noninferiority demonstrated). Intent-to-treat analysis confirmed per-protocol analysis. Difficulty in swallowing the tablets (VAS) was significantly lower in the D-group compared to the D/H-group (9.4 mm and 54.7 mm at 6 months, respectively; p<0.0001). The overall safety of both study drugs was good. Conclusion. Nonmicronized diosmin 600 mg was proven to have a noninferior efficacy compared to micronized diosmin 900 mg plus hesperidin 100 mg, associated with greater ease in swallowing the tablet.
Effects of Paeonia lactiflora Extract on Estrogen Receptor β, TPH2, and SERT in Rats with PMS Anxiety
Authors: Wang Jieqiong , Song Chunhong , Gao Dongmei , Wei Sheng , Sun Wenjun , Guo Yinghui , Sun Shiguang , Tian Xi , Li Huihao , Qiao Mingqi
Published: March 2020

This study is to investigate the effect of Paeonia lactiflora extract on PMS anxiety and on expression of estrogen receptor β (ERβ), tryptophan hydroxylase‐2 (TPH2), and serotonin transporter (SERT) in the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) anxiety model rats. The vaginal smear and open field test were used to screen rats in nonreception phase of estrus cycle with similar macroscopic behaviors and regular estrus cycle. PMS anxiety model rats were prepared by electrical stimulation. RT‐PCR and immunofluorescence were used to measure the expression of ERβ, TPH2, and SERT. Compared with normal rats, the total distance in the open field test of the model rats was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The model rats showed nervous alertness, irritability, and sensitivity to external stimuli. After treatment with the Paeonia lactiflora extract, the total distance of rats was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). In reception stage, there was no significant difference in the mRNA and protein expression of ERβ, TPH2, and SERT. In nonreception stage, the expression of ERβ and TPH2 in the model group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) as compared with the control group, but not SERT. Abnormal changes of the above indicators were reversed after the administration of the Paeonia lactiflora extract. In conclusion, Paeonia lactiflora extract can increase the expression of ERβ and TPH2 and decrease SERT in PMS model rats, which may be one of the mechanisms underlying the effect of Paeonia lactiflora extract on PMS.
Surface-Modified Graphene Oxide with Compatible Interface Enhances Poly-L-Lactic Acid Bone Scaffold
Authors: Wang Guoyong , He Chongxian , Yang Wengjing , Qi Fangwei , Qian Guowen , Peng Shuping , Shuai Cijun
Published: March 2020

Graphene oxide (GO) usually serves as a reinforce phase in polymer because of its superior mechanical strength and high specific surface area. In this work, GO was grafted with L-lactic acid monomer (denoted as GO@PLLA) to overcome the aggregation in matrix and then incorporated into the poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold fabricated by selective laser sintering. In hybrid scaffold, GO@PLLA exhibited uniform dispersion in the matrix. Furthermore, mechanical interlock between GO@PLLA and PLLA matrix formed and reinforced the interface bonding. On the other hand, the heterogeneous distributed GO acted as effective nucleating agent and resultantly enhanced the crystallization. Results showed that the tensile and compressive strength of scaffolds increased by 143.3% and 127.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, the scaffold exhibited an increased degradation rate of 37.9%, which could be attributed to the abundant hydrophilic functional groups on GO. Moreover, the scaffold exhibited favorable bioactivity and biocompatibility. Herein, the developed hybrid scaffold showed potential capacity for bone tissue engineering.
Effect of Different Isothermal Time on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of the Low-Carbon Steel Treated by Dual-Stable C-Mn Partitioning Process
Authors: Jing Cainian , Ding Xiaoyun , Ye Daomin , Zhao Jingrui , Lin Tao , Xu Shubo
Published: March 2020

The stability of retained austenite was improved by the dual-stable C-Mn partitioning process. The phase transformation and element diffusion of dual-stable C-Mn partitioning process of tested steel were investigated by means of EPMA, SEM, OM, tensile testing machine, and other analysis methods. The effects of the first and second austenite stabilization time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low-C-Si-Mn steel were studied, respectively. The enrichment of C and Mn elements is obvious after the dual-stable C-Mn partitioning process, and the microstructure of the tested steel is constituted of martensite, ferrite, and retained austenite. Compared with the conventional Q&P steel, the tensile strength of the steel treated by the dual-stable C-Mn partitioning process is slightly lower, but the plasticity is improved significantly. The tensile strength is 875-910 MPa, the elongation is 20-24%, and the product of strength and elongation can reach 21 GPa·%.
A Multiobjective Optimal Operation of a Stand-Alone Microgrid Using SAPSO Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Guoping , Wang Weijun , Du Jie , Liu Hua
Published: March 2020

Microgrid is an effective way to utilize renewable energy resources, especially for satisfying the electricity requirements in remote islands. The operation optimization of an island microgrid is critical to ensure the effective performance of the whole microgrid system, and it is usually a multiconstrained and multiobjective optimization problem. The main contribution of this study is an operation optimization method for the stand-alone microgrid system in a remote island, which includes wind, PV, battery, and diesel generator. In this paper, a novel operation optimization model for stand-alone microgrid is proposed, in which the battery system is considered separately; the multiobjective day-ahead optimization model considering economic cost, battery depreciation cost, and environmental protection cost is established. In the optimization, the output power of diesel generator and energy storage system are chosen as the decision variables. For this purpose, an efficient search algorithm combining the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is developed. The hybrid algorithm is applied to search for the Pareto solution set of the optimization problem. The search results are compared with those from traditional PSO algorithm. Also, a grey target decision-making theory based on the entropy weight method is proposed to identify the best trade-off scheduling scheme among all the solutions, and the results are compared with those from two other commonly used subjective and objective methods. The results show that the proposed optimization method can be applied to the day-ahead operation optimization of the microgrid system and help the user obtain the best compromise operation scheme for stand-alone microgrid.
Use of Idarucizumab to Revert the Anticoagulant Effect of Dabigatran in Heart Transplant Surgery: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Herrera-Escandón Álvaro , Castaño-Cifuentes Orlando , Plata-Mosquera Carlos A.
Published: March 2020

Heart transplant is a surgical procedure with a high risk of perioperative bleeding in patients with a previous history of sternotomy, congestive liver disease, and/or use of oral anticoagulants. Anticoagulation is usually done with coumarin agents (warfarin, acenocoumarol), while on the waiting list, vitamin K is available allowing for partial reversal of the anticoagulant effect, although with variable INR and risk of uncontrolled bleeding. Direct oral anticoagulants have emerged as an alternative to the use of coumarins in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The main disadvantage of this group of drugs is that there was no specific reversal agent available that would allow an urgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect. The recent commercialization of idarucizumab (specific reversal agent) has allowed patients with NVAF on the waiting list for heart transplant to be treated with dabigatran. We present the case of a patient with advanced chronic heart failure and NVAF anticoagulated with dabigatran, who underwent urgent heart transplant after administration of idarucizumab, without complications derived from its use or from anticoagulation.
Association between the Non‐high‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: You Jiayin , Wang Zhenhao , Lu Guoping , Chen Zhenyue
Published: March 2020

Background. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (non‐HDL‐C) to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) ratio and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). We also explored the potential role of non‐HDL‐C/HDL‐C in the prognosis of CAD. Methods. We analyzed 930 consecutive patients with chest discomfort who underwent coronary angiography. Of these, 680 were diagnosed with CAD; the remaining 250 patients were normal. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to evaluate the association between non‐HDL‐C/HDL‐C and CAD. The effect of non‐HDL‐C/HDL‐C on the progression of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) was also explored. Results. Increased non‐HDL‐C/HDL‐C was associated with an increased risk of CAD (OR: 1.291; 95% CI: 1.039‐1.561; P = 0.013). The results of stratified analyses by CAD subtype showed a correlation between high non‐HDL‐C/HDL‐C and increased risk of acute coronary syndrome (OR: 1.661; 95% CI: 1.259‐2.207; P < 0.001), high Gensini score (OR: 1.408; 95% CI: 1.021‐1.935; P = 0.039), and multivessel disease (OR: 1.487; 95% CI: 1.128‐1.992; P = 0.007). Moreover, the areas under the ROC for the predictive value of non‐HDL‐C/HDL‐C for CAD, acute coronary syndrome, high Gensini score, and multivessel disease were 0.604, 0.658, 0.642, and 0.636, respectively. Non‐HDL‐C/HDL‐C in CAD patients was significantly correlated with the risk of long‐term MACEs (P = 0.004). Conclusions. The findings of this study indicated that non‐HDL‐C/HDL‐C plays an important role in the risk and progression of CAD. These findings need verification by further large‐scale prospective studies.
Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Attenuates Erectile Dysfunction in Rats with Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Zhong Liren , Ding Wei , Zeng Qingyu , He Binglin , Zhang Haibo , Wang Li , Fan Junhong , He Shuhua , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wei Anyang
Published: March 2020

Hyperlipidemia is considered one of the most important risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED). To determine the effect of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) as an antioxidant agent on ED in high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced hyperlipidemia in rats and to investigate if STS administration could improve erectile function via hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production by inhibition of oxidative stress. Hyperlipidemia was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by feeding HFD for 16 weeks. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, HFD, and HFD treated with STS (10 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks, intraperitoneal injection). Erectile function including intracavernosal pressure (ICP), H2S production, and antioxidant capacity was assessed. In addition, cavernosal smooth muscle cells (CSMC) isolated from SD rats were pretreated with STS in vitro and exposed to H2O2. Expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), activity of antioxidant enzymes, and H2S-generating enzymes within CSMC were examined. ICP was significantly decreased in HFD rats compared with control. In addition, decreased H2S production and expression of cystathionine ɣ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) associated with increased oxidative stress were observed in the penile tissue of HFD rats. However, all these changes were reversed by 16 weeks after STS administration. STS also increased antioxidant defense as evidenced by increased expression of Nrf2/HO-1 in the penile tissue of HFD rats. In CSMC, pretreatment with STS attenuated the decreased expression of CSE and CBS and H2S production by H2O2. STS exerted similar protective antioxidative effect as shown in the in vivo hyperlipidemia model. The present study demonstrated the redox effect of STS treatment on ED via increased H2S production in HFD-induced hyperlipidemia rat model by increased antioxidant capacity via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which provides STS potential clinical application in the treatment of hyperlipidemia-related ED.
Silsesquioxane-Polythiophene Hybrid Copolymer as an Efficient Modifier for Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Gao Shuxi , Hu Xiaoyong , Zhang Lei , Mai Yuliang , Pang Hao , Dai Yongqiang , Liao Bing
Published: March 2020

One silsesquioxane-polythiophene hybrid copolymer, with combined star-like structure and intramolecular heterogeneity, was synthesized and sufficiently characterized via various methods, including FTIR, NMR, and SEC measurements. According to the exploration and characterization results, it was much more efficient at modifying SWNTs than its linear analogs in aqueous solution. The hydrophobic silsesquioxane core and PEDOT chains could locally anchor to the surface of the nanotubes, while the soluble flexible copolymer chains extended into the solution and rigid conjugated chains provided some π-π stacking effect to enhance adhesive force with the conjugated structure of the carbon nanotube, imparting steric stabilization to nanotube dispersion. The noncovalent interaction with SWNTs and solubility in aqueous solution improved the electrochemical characteristics of the modified-SWNT composite and availed for the preparation of a flexible and transparent electroactive film. Accordingly, this kind of silsesquioxane-polythiophene hybrid copolymer will be forwarded to apply to the assembling of flexible optoelectronic devices.
Influence of Maitake (Grifola frondosa) Particle Sizes on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and In Vivo Evaluation of Their Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Patel Dinesh K. , Seo Yu-Ri , Dutta Sayan Deb , Lee Ok Hwan , Lim Ki-Taek
Published: March 2020

Maitake (Grifola frondosa) mushroom has received an enormous amount of attention as a dietary supplement due to its high nutritional values. The particle sizes of G. frondosa mushrooms were monitored by a classifying mill. β‐Glucans are the bioactive component of the mushroom, and it was revealed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C‐NMR), matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization, and time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) spectrometry. The biocompatibility of G. frondosa particles, as well as induced osteogenesis of hMSCs, was evaluated through WST‐1 assay and alizarin staining (ARS) technique, respectively. Notably, enhanced cell viability was noted in the presence of G. frondosa. Significantly improved calcium deposition has observed from hMSCs with G. frondosa, suggesting to their mineralization potential. The expression of osteogenic related gene markers was examined in the presence of G. frondosa through real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. The upregulation of osteogenic gene markers in the presence of G. frondosa particles was indicating their superior osteogenic potential. Besides, G. frondosa also activated the secretion of various kinds of proteins from the hMSCs indicating their potential for tissue engineering applications. Enhanced secretion of different immunoglobulins was observed in rat serum in the presence of G. frondosa, further demonstrating their therapeutic nature. Therefore, G. frondosa is effective for enhanced osteogenesis and can be utilized as a natural, edible, and osteogenic agent.
TRIM58 Interacts with Pyruvate Kinase M2 to Inhibit Tumorigenicity in Human Osteosarcoma Cells
Authors: Yuan Peng , Zhou Yiyi , Wang Rui , Chen Shayang , Wang Qiqi , Xu Zhujie , Liu Yi , Yang Huilin
Published: March 2020

Background. Tripartite motif containing 58 (TRIM58), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is reported as a suppressor gene in certain human tumors. However, the biological function of TRIM58 in osteosarcoma (OS) is still less identified. Methods. In the present study, TRIM58 induced silencing and overexpression in OS cells using RNA interference (RNAi) and lentiviral‐mediated vector, respectively. Cell proliferation profiles were analyzed using cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay. Cell apoptosis profiles were determined using a flow cytometer. qRT‐PCR and western blot were used to determine gene expression. Coimmunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assay was used to examine protein interaction. Results. Our results demonstrated TRIM58 was downregulated in human OS tissues. Overexpression of TRIM58 remarkably suppressed the growth of OS cells and decreased glucose transportation and lactate secretion. These results indicated that TRIM58 involved in the regulation of energy metabolism in OS cells. Importantly, TRIM58 interacted with pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in OS cells. Moreover, TRIM58 might inhibit the activity of PKM2 through enhancing its polyubiquitination in OS cells. Conclusions. This analysis not only explored a deep understanding of the biological function of TRIM58 but also indicated its signaling pathway in OS cells.
Considerations in Neuromuscular Blockade in the ICU: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Workum Jessica D. , Janssen Stephanie H.V. , Touw Hugo R.W.
Published: March 2020

Neuromuscular blocking agents are regularly used in the intensive care unit (ICU) to facilitate mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and patient-ventilator dyssynchronies. However, prolonged neuromuscular blockade is associated with adverse effects like ICU-acquired weakness. Residual neuromuscular blockade is, however, not routinely monitored in the intensive care unit, and as such, this phenomenon might be unrecognized and underreported. We report a case in which an unusual prolonged effect of neuromuscular blockade was seen after cessation of the drug, which illustrates the complexity of neuromuscular blockade in the ICU. We advocate for the use of train-of-four measurements in the ICU, recommend to choose cisatracurium over rocuronium in critically ill patients due to their pharmacokinetics when continuous neuromuscular blockade is considered, and propose a subsequent strategy once the choice has been made to start neuromuscular blockade.
The Phlorotannin-Rich Fraction ofEcklonia cavaExtract Attenuated the Expressions of the Markers Related with Inflammation and Leptin Resistance in Adipose Tissue
Authors: Son Myeongjoo , Oh Seyeon , Choi Junwon , Jang Ji Tae , Choi Chang Hu , Park Kook Yang , Son Kuk Hui , Byun Kyunghee
Published: March 2020

Obesity is associated with systemic chronic inflammation, and it induces central leptin resistance which blocks the appetite-suppressing effect of leptin and leptin resistance in adipocytes. In the present study, we evaluated the effects ofEcklonia cavaextract (ECE), which contained rich phlorotannins, on inflammation and leptin resistance in the adipose tissue of a diet-induced obese model. Effects of ECE on fat deposition, inflammation, M1/M2 macrophage, and T-cell infiltrations were investigated, and leptin resistance and SOCS3 were also measured in adipose tissue. Furthermore, ECE attenuated the expression of inflammation-related receptors such as TLR4 and RAGE and leptin resistance by reducing SOCS3 expression, increasing expression of leptin receptor in adipose tissue, and increasing lipolysis. ECE showed antiadiposity and anti-inflammatory effects, attenuated leptin resistance, and increased lipolysis in the diet-induced obese model. This study shows that ECE is a suitable dietary supplement candidate for the prevention or treatment of obesity or obesity-associated diseases, especially inflammation-related diseases.
Diagnostic Sensitivity of NLR and PLR in Early Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Fang Tianyi , Wang Yimin , Yin Xin , Zhai Zhao , Zhang Yu , Yang Yongheng , You Qi , Li Zhiguo , Ma Yan , Li Chunfeng , Song Haibin , Shi Huawen , Zhang Yongle , Yu Xuefeng , Gao Hongyu , Sun Yihua , Xie Rui , Xue Yingwei
Published: March 2020

The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are markers of systemic inflammation. However, there is little evidence of the value of inflammation in the early diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC). A total of 2,606 patients diagnosed with GC in the past three years and 3,219 healthy controls over the same period were included in this study. Peripheral blood samples were obtained to analyze the NLR, PLR, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). The optimal cutoff levels for the NLR and PLR were defined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis (NLR=2.258,PLR=147.368). The value of different biomarkers for diagnosing GC was compared by the area under the curve (AUC). The NLR and PLR showed diagnostic sensitivity in GC (AUC=0.715,AUC=0.707). Using the Bonferroni correction, the NLR and PLR were superior to CEA and CA19-9 in the diagnosis of GC (P<0.0001). The systemic inflammatory markers were significantly higher in the early stage of GC than tumor markers. After grouping patients and healthy controls by gender, we found that the diagnostic significance of combined NLR and PLR for GC was greater in male patients than in female patients (P<0.0001). The diagnostic value of the NLR and PLR in GC is higher than that of the traditional tumor markers CEA and CA19-9. Systemic markers of inflammation are more valuable in male than female patients.