bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formação híbrida em Early Algebra para professoras de educação infantil: a prática pedagógica com sequências
Authors: Luna Ana Virginia De Almeida , Ferreira Ângela Ateone Batista do Carmo
Published: July 2023

O presente artigo tem como propósito analisar os processos de recontextualização dos textos sobre sequências desenvolvidos em um curso de formação continuada híbrida sobre Early Algebra com professores da Educação Infantil. Essa é uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa e tem como modelo sociológico de investigação a abordagem da linguagem de descrição de Bernstein (2000). No contexto do estudo foi observada a turma de uma professora da Educação Infantil, que atuou com um grupo de crianças de 4 (quatro) anos. Esta professora participou da formação continuada híbrida sobre Early Algebra. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a formação continuada híbrida ampliou os conhecimentos matemáticos sobre Early Algebra das professoras por meio de experiências em ambientes presenciais (socialização de experiência) e em ambientes virtuais (textos dos fóruns de discussão). A formação baseada em modelos híbridos apresentou indícios de autonomia nos processos formativos das professoras. Assim, a recontextualização, em sala de aula da Educação Infantil, dos textos sobre sequências desenvolvidos durante a formação continuada, revelam mudança na prática pedagógica estabelecida na relação entre a professora e as crianças de 4 (quatro) anos. Os textos do discurso algébrico, das crianças, desenvolvidos em atividades sobre sequências apresentam significados relevantes de acordo com o contexto.
Acesso ao atendimento e condições bucais em pessoas com deficiência: revisão da literatura
Authors: Do Carmo Júnior Roberto Braga , Borges Shara Karuline , Machado Fabrício Campos , Carvalho Thiago De Amorim
Published: July 2023

As pessoas com Necessidades Especiais são frequentemente afetadas com doenças bucais como a cárie e doença periodontal, podendo estar diretamente ou indiretamente ligado as deficiências motoras e intelectuais, bem como a falta de acesso ao serviço odontológico. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão narrativa para compreender as condições de saúde bucal das pessoas com deficiência, bem como verificar os principais agravos aos quais esse público está exposto, e ainda a elucidar os nós-críticos e fragilidades dos serviços de odontologia para o acesso desses pacientes. As pesquisas foram feitas nas bases de dados PUBMED/Medline, Scielo, LILACS e Google Acadêmico. Primeiramente, a busca de dados identificou possíveis 1047 artigos encontrados no banco de dados PUBMED, sendo que, no final 16 artigos enquadraram-se nos critérios de inclusão e foram usados no presente trabalho. As demais fontes foram inseridas por conveniência, conforme a necessidade de incrementar a discussão de forma integral sobre o assunto. Os resultados mostraram que todos os artigos revisados mencionaram pessoas com necessidades especiais e sua relação com a saúde bucal, tendo como a doença cárie e a doença periodontal as principais manifestações orais. O acesso ao serviço de saúde bucal também foi mencionado em diversos estudos, mostrando a influência da falta de acesso ao serviço como também da influência da deficiência sobre o acesso. Conclui-se que pacientes com necessidades especiais possuem uma maior necessidade de tratamento bucal, e estaria diretamente ligada a deficiência motora e intelectual, bem como a influência da falta de acesso ao serviço como também da influência da deficiência sobre o acesso, o que explicaria uma saúde bucal insatisfatória.
Constraining and pushing factors of integration of the Eurasian Economic Union in the context of the latest challenges of the global economy
Authors: Moga Irina , Gorbunova Lyudmila , Denisova Arina , Pizhurina Ekaterina , Presnova Irina
Published: July 2023

This article analyzes the main constraining and pushing factors that determine the degree of intensity of integration processes within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The assessment of the motives, opportunities and contradictions of the participating countries related to further integration seems to the authors relevant primarily for the reason that under the current conditions their role in the world economy, the direction and nature of foreign economic relations have undergone significant changes upon joining the Union and today. Accordingly, every day, depending on the external agenda, the balance of advantages and disadvantages of participation in the integration association also changes. The main driver of the association is still the desire to increase the effectiveness of the national socio-economic policy to ensure the growth of the quality of life and well-being of the population. At the same time, the strategy of using the advantages of geographical proximity with a state with a more developed market economy, the availability of financial, technological and managerial resources and the common goal of being an equal part of the world economic system, under the influence of unprecedented sanctions pressure, the system is changing its architecture. The driving force of integration is the need to resist the economic restrictions applied by the United States and EU countries against Russia.
In the first part, the authors analyzed the constraining factors of integration associated with the asymmetric nature of the Union. The authors analyze the changing attitude towards Russia as a locomotive of integration, the impact of its close cooperation with China on the other members of the Union, the declarative nature of the documents regulating the stages of integration, the hybrid nature of governance, the weakness of the supranational judicial system, the synchronous devaluation of national currencies.
 In the second part of the article, as stimulating factors, the authors consider the dynamically developing common labor market, freedom of movement and a single market of goods, the potential for the development of international transit traffic in conditions of disruption of traditional supply chains.
Understanding the current factors influencing the integration processes in the EAEU will allow identifying possible ways of their development and developing an adequate strategy for optimizing the overall institutional environment in the EAEU space, contributing to the achievement of the goals set by the participating countries on mutually beneficial terms for them.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TRANSFER AND TURBULENT FLUID FLOW FOR TRANSVERSE VORTEX GENERATORS WITH NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Barati Sara , Etminan Amin , Pope Kevin
Published: July 2023

This paper proposes a simple design and easy-to-install vortex generator (VG) for heat exchangers to enhance heat transfer rates. The aim is to maintain low pressure drops and high heat transfer rates. The effects of the VG's geometrical parameters on thermal performance and pressure drop are investigated in this paper for divergent and convergent schemes using commercial software Comsol Multiphysics version 6. The effects of Reynolds number, VG angle, and the quantity of VGs on the response (i.e., Nusselt number and pressure drop) are investigated based on variance analysis. The nanoparticle concentration varies from 1 to 6%. The results indicate that the quantity of VGs is the most significant factor affecting pressure drop. The critical factor for heat transfer enhancement of divergent and convergent VGs are the Reynolds number and the quantity of VGs, respectively. Finally, the optimal conditions are predicted by the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal requirements for using VG type A are β = 0°, the quantity is two, and the Reynolds number should be 9160. Furthermore, the optimal conditions for VG type B are β = 0°, Reynolds number is 10,000, and the number of VGs is two. The VG proposed in this study has a simple structure that can be efficiently designed and installed on heat exchangers. It is more efficient and applicable than the designs suggested in the literature.
The Crab at the End of the World
Authors: Devlieger Lionel
Published: July 2023

The Chinese Mitten Crab, a freshwater crab species originating from China, was accidentally introduced in Europe in the early 20th century when Western steamers, returning from China, emptied their ballast water tanks in German harbours. From there, in the course of the last century, the species gradually colonized the coastlines of the North Sea and the Atlantic southwards, but also much of the rest of the world. This visual essay is based upon material collected by Rotor for an installation at the 2018 Bruges Triennial. The narrative starts form the massive but scarcely known presence of the crab in the world-famed canals of the city of Bruges to tell the story of the species' amazing resilience and age-old adaptedness to anthropogenic environments. This is also a reconstruction of the Mitten Crab's unique travel patterns, partly the result of the species own migratory drive, but partly also following, unwittingly, the tendency of humans to travel ever further, ever faster. Like the exhibition, the essay explores the habits and motivations of an invasive species while deliberately suspending judgment. This is not to excuse the species of harming local biodiversity. But to recognize the fair share of responsibility we as humans bear in the present situation. 
Oryctolagus Cuniculus, the Teacher of History and Crumpled Geographies
Authors: Mougenot Catherine , Strivay Lucienne
Published: July 2023

Ambivalence sticks to Oryctolagus cuniculus like a second skin. Originally from Spain, this homebody animal gets lost 500 metres away from his burrow and is scared of water. Today, he is found living on every continent except for Antarctica. With him, nothing is ever simple. He can be domestic or farmed, a pet or a wild animal, a ‘pest’ or an ‘umbrella species’. He is a champion of all categories and moves fluidly from one to the next. The concept of species has always been slippery and the concept of an invasive species even more so. Following the rabbit in his meanderings, we come across encounters between species that humans do not necessarily have control over anymore. We also come across seizures, resistances, submissions, and bifurcations. Is the rabbit only made of alliances and conflicts caught in taut relations? Oryctolagus cuniculus is a masterful teacher of lessons of crumpled history and broken geographies. Drawing from examples of his many adventures, we refer to the ‘contaminated diversity’ dear to Anna Tsing. This seems to be in the vein of the three concepts proposed by John Dewey: ‘self-action’, ‘interaction’, and ‘transaction’ (1949). The transaction rejects the postulate of intrinsic or pre-existing essences. It points to worlds that are always unresolved, provisional, and open to reinterpretation across time and space. If we consider being alive to be a transaction, it is also a way of understanding life that challenges our relationships to objects of knowledge and the ways we name them.
Invasion Blowback and Other Tales of the Anthropocene: An Afterword
Authors: Tsing Anna Lowenhaupt
Published: July 2023

How shall we tell stories of the nonhuman living beings that join us humans in making the Anthropocene? Such beings are not just tools of human manipulation; they make their own histories. In this discussion of the articles of this Special Issue, Recalling Species Invasion, the features that make good Anthropocene storytelling come into view. The protagonists are humble, inconspicuous being, but each is reachable through vernacular human observation. They each get caught up in modernist projects of landscape transformation - but, rather than being pawns, they change the world in unexpected ways. They are exemplary subjects for parables of the more-than-human condition. 
The coordination behaviour of 2-((E)-(ferf-butylimino)methyl) phenol towards lanthanide nitrate and chloride salts
Authors: Mkwakwi K , Hosten E , Betz R , Abrahams A , Madanhire T
Published: July 2023

Five novel complexes were prepared by reacting 2-((E)-(tert-butylimino)methyl)phenol (HL2) with Ln(NO3)3xH2O (Ln = Gd and Dy ; x = 6 and 5, respectively) and LnCl3-6H2O (Ln = Nd, Gd and Dy). The crystal structures of the former two Ln(III) nitrate complexes are isostructural and the coordination sphere is composed of three monodentate HL2 ligands bonded to the metal centre through the phenolic oxygen atom and three nitrate ions coordinated in a bidentate fashion. Both complexes are nine-coordinate and SHAPE analysis reveals that they adopted a muffin polyhedra geometric type. The average Ln-Onitrate and Ln-Ophenolate bond lengths are 2.5059 and 2.2816 A, respectively. The complexes derived from the chloride salts exhibited an octahedral geometry with four monodentate Schiff base ligands [Ln-Ophenolate distances range from 2.229(4) to 2.2797(18) A] coordinating in the equatorial positions and two chloride ions [average Ln-Cl bond length is 2.6530 A, and average Cl-Ln-Cl angles is 180o] in axial positions. The ligand coordinated through the phenolate oxygen with the phenolic proton migrating to the imino nitrogen to give a zwitterionic form of the ligand. There are weak C-H-Cl interactions present and O-H-N hydrogen bonds are also observed in the crystal packing.
“Classroom Climate” — Standardization of the Russian Version of the Modified Questionnaire “School Climate”
Authors:   FBSSI Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education, Shumakova Natalia B. ,   Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Shcheblanova Elena I. ,   FBSSI Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education, Sorokova Marina G. ,   Moscow State University of Psychology and Education
Published: July 2023

School and classroom climate refers to the quality of academic, managerial, social and emotional interactions between classmates and between students and teachers. According to research results, the climate in the classroom and its subjective perception by students have a significant impact on the behavior and academic performance, psychological well-being, the development of character and giftedness of schoolchildren. The article presents the results of standardization of the questionnaire "Classroom climate" – a modification of the Russian version of the questionnaire "School climate". The study sample consisted of 2543 students of schools in the Central Federal District of the RF – 45.0% (N = 1145) males, 55.0% (N = 1397) females, of which 875 (34.4%) schoolchildren in grades 5-6, 752 (29.6%) – 7-8 grades, 916 (36.0%) – 9-10 grades. The structure of the questionnaire included six scales identified by the factor analysis method (principal component analysis, Varimax rotation with Kaiser normalization): scale 1 “Supportive teacher”, scale 2 “Cooperation with classmates”, scale 3 “Organization of work in the classroom”, scale 4 “Rivalry with classmates”, scale 5 “Pressing school environment” and scale 6 “Classmates’ involvement in studies”. The construct validity of the questionnaire was statistically proven. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a satisfactory agreement between the empirical data and the structure of the questionnaire. The scales correlate with each other at an average level, the directions of the connections correspond to the expected ones. The internal reliability of all scales was statistically confirmed using the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. The convergent validity of the corresponding scales of the Classroom Climate questionnaire was confirmed by correlations with the scales of the Phillips School Anxiety Test, the Dembo-Rubinstein self-assessment methodology, as well as the average academic performance for the year. All correlations are moderate and weak, but theoretically expected and explainable. Differential validity was statistically proved. The questionnaire can be recommended to school psychologists for use in the practice of psychological and pedagogical support for different groups of schoolchildren in order to monitor and support strategies aimed at creating favorable conditions for the development of students.
Growth and Yield Performance of Fluted Pumpkin (Telferia Occidentalis Hook F.) to Wood Shaving Biochar and Poultry Manure in Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Godonu Kolawole Gbemavo , Sanni Kehinde Oseni , Alo Rock Anayo Peter , Eleduma Ajayi Festus
Published: July 2023

In many tropical cropping systems, low soil fertility is a significant factor that hinders the development of vegetable crops. In order to get a good yield, it is necessary to increase the soil’s nutrient status to satisfy the crop’s needs, hence maintaining the soil’s fertility status. To determine the effects of Wood Shavings Biochar (WSB) and Poultry Manure (PM) on the performance of fluted pumpkin (Telferia occidentalis), this study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farms, Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria. Five (5) treatments—7.5 t/ha WSB, 7.5 t/ha PM, 2.5 t/ha WSB + 5 t/ha PM, 5 t/ha WSB + 2.5 t/ha PM, and control—were administered to the plots two weeks prior to planting. The experiment was set up using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Vine length, leaf count, vine girth, and leaf yield per plot were among the data obtained. They were statistically examined using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to compare the means of the treatments at a 5% level of probability. The results revealed that the optimum performance was provided by 2.5 t/ha WSB + 5 t/ha PM and 7. 5 t/ha PM, followed by 5 t/ha WSB + 2.5 t/ha PM and 7.5 t/ha WSB in terms of enhancing the soil nutrients, which in turn improved growth and yield. The fluted pumpkin planted in control gave the worst performances. The plots receiving 7.5 t/ha of WSB significantly reduced the soil acidity and increased soil’s concentration of Ca, K, and Mg respectively. While, 5 t/ha WSB + 2.5 t/ha PM significantly increased total N concentration, available P and organic matter. The study clearly showed that T. occidentalis leaves yield increased as a result of the addition of WSB and PM, hence WSB had the potential to increase the efficiency of nutrient utilization in the PM. For sustainable fluted pumpkin cultivation in the study area, utilization of 2.5 t/ha WSB + 5 t/ha PM and 7. 5 t/ha PM is therefore recommended.
Reducing weed impacts and yield losses by application of herbicides in summer-grown maize
Authors: Bogale Ayana
Published: July 2023

A field trial was conducted at Holeta Agricultural Research Station and Medegudina, Central Ethiopia, during the summer season of 2021 to study the effects of different weed control methods against annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in summer planted Maize. The experiment included five treatments; COYOTE 440 SE 3L ha-1, Primagramgold 660 SC 3L ha-1, twice hand weeding, weed-free and weedy check. Major weeds in the fields were Polygonum nepalense, Raphanus raphanistrum, Guizotia scabra, Galinsoga pulviflora, Corrigiola capensis, Caylusea abyssinica, Plantago lanceoleta, Spergula arvensis, Medicago polymorpha, and Phalaris paradoxa. The result signified that the most dominant weed species was Polygonum nepalense with a relative density of 18.28 %. Statistically non-significant results due to all treatments being recorded on ear per plant and 1000 kernel weights at both locations. The results showed that the most effective treatment with higher weed control efficacy (100%) and reduced weed dry weight (0.00 kg/ha) was weed-free. The application of COYOTE 440 SE produced maximum stand count (90 m2), Grain yield (4266 kg/ha), and minimum yield loss (1.49%) while statistically non-significant results were produced in cob per plant and thousand kernel weights. Hence, the study concludes that COYOTE 440 SE 3L ha-1 and weed-free could be more effective as compared to all other treatments without compromising on maize grain yield loss due to weeds.
Nieve y bebidas frías en la España del Antiguo Régimen. ¿Un consumo con oportunidades similares?
Authors: Sanz de la Higuera Francisco José
Published: July 2023

¿El consumo de nieve y de bebidas frías era igualitario en la España del siglo XVIII? La capacidad adquisitiva y los niveles de renta y de fortuna de las diferentes categorías socioprofesionales y el acceso a la nieve y a las bebidas frías, a través de los «puestos» urbanos habilitados para su dispensa y compraventa, no permitían a los distintos habitantes de las ciudades una adquisición similar de tales productos. Un vistazo a las ocurrencias detectadas en varias ciudades españolas del Setecientos posibilita entrever que, fuera por los precios y su devenir secular, o por las circunstancias de la ubicación de los lugares de venta, se favorecía a unos y se limitaba a otros el consumo de nieve y bebidas heladas. No todos podían consumir el mismo volumen de nieve o de bebidas frías ni pagar por ellos sus diferentes precios.
Juan DÍAZ ÁLVAREZ, Fernando MANZANO LEDESMA y Rodrigo OLAY VALDÉS (coords.), «Sobre España en el largo siglo XVIII», Oviedo, Instituto Feijoo de Estudios del Siglo XVIII / Ediciones Trea, 2021, 672 págs.
Authors: Martínez Torres Cristina Rosario
Published: July 2023

Sin resumen.
Alberto ESCALANTE VARONA, «Manuel Fermín de Laviano (1750-1801): un autor de la Villa y Corte de Madrid», Madrid, Sociedad Española de Estudios del Siglo XVIII / Maia Ediciones, 2021, 336 págs.
Authors: González Ludeña Carlos
Published: July 2023

Sin resumen.
Eva María FLORES RUIZ (ed.), «Celestiales desatinos. Antología de Almanaques literarios del siglo XVIII (1733-1767)», Gijón, Ediciones Trea, 2022, 200 págs.
Authors: Olay Valdés Rodrigo
Published: July 2023

Sin resumen.
Exploring English Language Teachers’ Critical Identities:
Authors: Abella Peña Óscar Fernando
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a literature review on critical Identities (CI), that implemented as methodology a profiling exercise, which according to Castañeda-Londoño (2019), is an exercise that allows the tracking of tendencies in research studies. An exploration was carried out in relation to what has been studied regarding the English language teachers’ critical identities (CI henceforth). Based on this, a conceptualization of CI will be briefly introduced, in order to frame this review within a critical perspective in education. Then, I will discuss how the review unveiled three trends: the first one is that some studies that relate to CI revolve around critical reflections and explore narratives as part of their methodology; the second one has to do with the fact that some studies explore the relations between criticality and English language teaching, as contents in courses or programs for in-service and pre-service teachers; the third one regards some studies that reveal how English language teachers (ELT) express our CI to confront power relations in our teaching practice. After that, I will comment the gaps that were identified in studies related to English language teachers’ identities, which consists on the opportunity to understand our CI as something that is built through our histories and stories, and that has an influence over our actions as well as teaching practices inside and outside the classroom. Finally, the conclusions of this profiling exercise will be exposed.
Viejos vinos en odres nuevos: El radicalismo de la izquierda revolucionaria en el siglo XXI
Authors: Baqués Quesada Josep
Published: July 2023

Habiendo transcurrido un siglo y medio desde la irrupción del marxismo y el anarquismo, el capitalismo ha dado muestras de una gran resiliencia, a pesar de varias crisis económicas importantes. En este escenario de promesas incumplidas, este artículo explora lo que queda en pleno siglo xxi de esa parte de la izquierda (que aquí calificamos como extremista o revolucionaria) que no acepta las reglas del Estado de derecho, de la democracia representativa o, simplemente, el pluralismo político, y que, en cambio, legitima el empleo de la violencia para cubrir sus objetivos. Para ello, empleamos como marco teórico el concepto de lo político de Carl Schmitt y exponemos el modo en que esa izquierda concibe la política, la relación con sus antagonistas en el escenario político, el modo de acceder al poder, así como algunas pinceladas referentes al modelo de sociedad pergeñado. Todo lo cual permite comprobar no solamente la supervivencia de esos discursos, sino también la presencia de muchos elementos compartidos entre todos ellos.
New statehood (?) in the post-pandemic context: A reflection from the coordinates of the global market form
Authors: Lasa López Ainhoa
Published: July 2023

Globalisation, as a strategy of rupture of the material relationship between the Constitution and the Social State form, has generated an erosion of the legitimising assumptions of state sovereignty of social constitutionalism in terms of depoliticisation. However, the multiple crises experienced by the globalising strategy, with particular reference to health, seem to have consolidated a revisionist discourse based on the revaluation of state sovereignty. Precisely, the aim of this paper is to analyse whether the health pandemic has led to a new context that makes possible the return of the state as a response to the problems of legitimisation posed by the global market order. To this end, the analysis will focus on the measures adopted by the European Union and its member states during the pandemic and post-pandemic phases. The special focus on the European order is due to the fact that it has given a normative nature to the structural principles of global market constitutionalism, being its most complete legal formulation. In parallel, the bulk of the reflection will be accompanied by the methodological premise of the material constitution for its explanatory force of the reality of the state form in the constitutional paradigm of the global market, diluting the mirages of constitutional politics and post-positivist-formalism.
Response of Herbaceous Vegetation Communities in Terraces of Ecological Isolation Zones in the Mountain Red Soil Area
Authors: Huang Xingmei , Zhang Gengjie , Zheng Honggang , Liu Shuxia , Hu Huiyong
Published: July 2023

Through a sample survey of the research area of the Yunnan Agricultural University (YAU) Research Base in Malong Jiuxian County, we summarized the types of herbaceous vegetation communities in the terraces of the ecological isolation zone of the area, analyzed the species’ importance value, Patrick index, Simpson index, Shannon-wiener index, and Pielou index, and then explored the different patterns (annual and two-years artificial sowing patterns and natural secondary community patterns) under three different slope positions at the top, middle and bottom of the slope. The results indicated that: 1) there were 34 species of vascular plants, 15 families, and 32 genera in the study area, including one family, one genus, and one species of Ferns, and 14 families, 31 genera, and 33 species of Dicotyledons, mainly in the Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Poaceae Barnhart, and Fabaceae Lindl. Among them, 26 species and 11 families of vegetation were at the top of the slope, mainly Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl; 23 species and 13 families in the middle, with the most significant proportion of Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl; 30 species and 13 families at the bottom, mainly Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Poaceae Barnhart, Fabaceae Lindl., and Rosaceae Juss. 2) the species importance value of Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl was the largest in the study area; Artemisia, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv., Miscanthus Sinensis Anderss., Bidens Pilosa L., Erigeron acris L., and Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. were the dominant species. 3) low diversity, good stability, and high evenness index of herbaceous vegetation communities planted artificially in one year; the herbaceous community with better species diversity and lower stability and decreased evenness index in the two-year artificial planting than in the one-year artificial planting; one-year natural secondary herbaceous communities with low diversity index and poor richness index; two-year natural secondary herbaceous communities had better diversity and high species richness index, but decreasing evenness. In the configuration of the ecological isolation zone community of the mountain red soil should be paid to select faster-growing species that are not easily replaced by playing the role of ecological isolation.
Implications of Psychological Pricing on Contemporary Muslim Retailers and Consumers in Nigeria
Authors: Adenigba Sikiru Atanda , Akorede Hassan Yoosuf
Published: July 2023

Pricing is one of the major components of businesses. Retailers have adopted different pricing modes due to the need to devise sustainable pricing strategies. This is one of the reasons for the development of psychological pricing. Psychological pricing has adverse effects on Muslim retailers and consumers due to their involvement in zulm (deception). Therefore, this study examined the implications of psychological pricing on Muslim retailers and consumers in Nigeria. The paper adopted qualitative and analytical methods. The qualitative method was used to review related literature, while the analytical method was used to examine and analyse the implications of psychological pricing. This study found that psychological pricing is used for profit maximization through deception. Psychological pricing has led to the involvement of Muslim retailers and consumers in vices such as deception, lying, and trickery. This paper concluded that psychological pricing affects the spiritual and moral lives of Muslim retailers and consumers. The paper recommended that Muslim retailers and consumers adopt and accept other pricing strategies that do not involve ambiguity and deception. They are also encouraged to use credit cards in order to avoid paying beyond the tagged price of a commodity.
Research Insights: What Can We Learn from Three-Generation Households?
Authors: Talamas Marcos Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2023

In the last five decades, living with extended family has become more common around the globe. In Mexico, the share of three-generation households has increased by nearly 20% in both urban and rural areas in the last 15 years. Among other differences, the gender gap in employment is significantly smaller for three-generation households, and it is narrowing faster.
Approach Paper: Extended Country Program Evaluation: Costa Rica 2015-2022
Authors: Szwedzki Roni , Maciel Odette , King Dana Michael , Salazar Elizabeth , Vera Priscila , Monroy Maria Clemencia , Del Pilar Diego , Garay Ingrid
Published: July 2023

The Extended Country Program Evaluation (XCPE) for Costa Rica will analyze two successive Bank strategies and the IDB Group program with the country, covering the 2015-2022 period. This will be the sixth OVE evaluation of the IDB Group's program with Costa Rica. Previous country program evaluations (CPEs) covered the periods 1990-2001 (document RE-277), 2002-2006 (document RE-325), 2006-2010 (document RE-377), 2011-2014 (document RE-472-1), and 2015-2018 (document RE-535-4). In this sixth evaluation, the first extended one, OVE will cover the 2015-2022 period (corresponding to the country strategies for 2015-2018 and 2019-2022), providing an independent evaluation of the relevance, effectiveness, and sustainability of the IDB Group program and strategies in Costa Rica. The analysis will encompass the financial and nonfinancial products made available to the country (details provided in Section II(C). The objective is for the findings and recommendations of the evaluation to be used as inputs in preparing the new IDB Group strategy with Costa Rica for the 2023-2026 period.
Compliance and Accountability: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Argentina
Authors: Krakowski Krzysztof , Ronconi Lucas
Published: July 2023

Does compliance with low-cost civic duties increase demand for social accountability? We address this question by conducting a field experiment at train stations in Buenos Aires. We create exogenous variation in compliance with paying the public transportation fare by i) highlighting sanctions for non-compliance and ii) appealing to compliance norms whereby 90 percent of passengers pay the fare. We find that both sanctions and norms treatments raise compliance. However, only appeals to compliance norms make treated passengers more willing to sign a petition demanding quality public transportation serviceour measure of demand for social accountability. To probe the mechanisms explaining these patterns, we show that compliance invoked by adherence to norms makes subjects feel more entitled to demand accountability and trust the government to respect this right to a greater extent. Our findings suggest that raising compliance through appeals to social norms may thus have wider benefits for civic behaviors.
Inter-American Development Bank Quarterly Business Review: First Quarter 2023
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: July 2023

The 2023 first quarter edition of the Quarterly Business Review (QBR) provides management with a status of the Bank's performance. The QBR reports on outputs, lending program priorities and organizational indicators on a quarterly basis to allow management to monitor progress in achieving corporate results. This periodic monitoring supports evidence-based decision making and allows for timely identification of deviations from targets and enables effective implementation of measures to address them. Also, the QBR provides an overview of the IDB's performance on sovereign-guaranteed outputs and lending program priorities. It identifies trend deviations from IDB portfolio targets to support Bank management efforts to identify and implement corrective measures. This edition compiles data for the first quarter of 2023.
Missionary Movement in the Second Half of the 19th Century in the Russian Empire and the First Stage of Its Formation in the Don Cossack Host Region
Authors: Shadrina Alla V.
Published: July 2023

The study is devoted to the missionary movement of the second half of the 19th century. in the Russian Empire and its formation in the Don Army Region. Based on the study of a complex of sources, it is shown that until 1868 the mission was carried out mainly in relation to the “foreigners” of the Volga region and Siberia. Since 1870, the Council of the Missionary Society was moved to Moscow, the charter of the society was approved, according to which the mission was to develop mainly as an internal one. After the opening of the Missionary Society in Moscow, its committees began to open in various dioceses of the Orthodox Russian Church. One of the first committees was opened in the Don and Novocherkassk diocese. Its activities were regulated by the Archbishop of the Don and Novocherkassk Platon (Gorodetsky), who proposed a fundamental approach to conducting a mission in the Don region. On the initiative of the hierarch, two directions of the mission were determined - among the Old Believers and among the Don Kalmyks. The first stage of the mission, initiated by the bishop, was the training of missionaries at the Don Theological Seminary, for which an intensive study of the “schism” and the Kalmyk language was introduced into the curriculum. The second stage was connected with the study of the history of the Old Believers on the Don and the culture and religion of the Kalmyks. The platform for the publication of research, which became a kind of platform for missionary activity, was the journal “Don Diocesan Gazette”, published by the Don Theological Seminary throughout its existence.
English-Ethiopian Relations: from the Establishment of the First Consulate to the War between the Two Countries (1848-1868)
Authors: Abera Communist G.
Published: July 2023

Ethiopia's international relations with Great Britain obtained their modern form under Tewodros II. It happened during his reign when the British representative office and its diplomatic mission in Ethiopia were opened. The United Kingdom was the first country to open its consulate in Ethiopia in 1848. For the British, Palmerston's opening of the consulate in Ethiopia in 1848 was a very important undertaking. However, this event was doomed to failure, as the political situation in the UK and Ethiopia made the effec-tive trade relations between them impossible. The English-Ethiopian policy of 1848-1868 can be considered as a kind of triumph of Foreign Ministers Palmerston, Russell and Prime Minister Stanley. At the same time, Emperor Tewodros of Ethiopia was very wary of the true motives of the British. The absence of an immediate response from Queen Victoria to his letter in 1862, which contained a request for military supplies, and Britain's general preference for Ethiopian neighbors did not contribute to the warm attitude of the Emperor of Ethiopia to the British consulate. Subsequently, this led to an open conflict between the two countries.
Kalmyk Motifs in Russian and Don Heraldry
Authors: Agafonov Anatoly I.
Published: July 2023

Ethnic symbols in Russian and Don heraldry are studied on the example of the princely families of the Dondukovs, the Dondukovs-Korsakovs, the noble families of the Korsakovs, first of all their visual accompaniment - coats of arms, which allowed to determine the place and status of the owners in the noble hierarchy of the Russian Empire. The rights and privileges, possession/non-possession of titles, their reflection and changes in the identification symbols of various historical epochs are considered. It is shown that the establishment of the princely Dondukov family and the formation of the DondukovKorsakovs family was part of a broad class and national policy of the state aimed at turning the feudal aristocracy of the suburbs into its social support. It was fixed not only legally, in titles, ranks and titles, but also in visual images, which were coats of arms and symbols. The granting of titles and coats of arms was one of the indispensable conditions for the inclusion of the national nobility in the ruling class of the Russian Empire.For the first time, on the basis of published and archival documents, research on the history of Russian heraldry, the process of including ethnic symbols in the coats of arms and the coat of arms of the noble nobility is described in detail, the process of their study is revealed. The peculiarities of the formation of the Russian and Don nobility, and, accordingly, heraldry, are noted.An outstanding military and political figure of Russia, Prince A.M. Lieutenant-General DondukovKorsakov served on the Don as Chief of Staff of the Don Army. At this time, he was assigned to the military estate and the local nobility.Three branches of the Korsakovs family intermarried with the princely family of the Dondukovs and the Dondukov-Korsakovs, becoming an integral part of the Russian nobility. At the same time, they preserved their historical and ethnic Kalmyk, Lithuanian and Russian roots, fixing them in coats of arms and symbols. Kalmyk motifs are reflected in the symbolism of the coat of arms. The family of Prince A.M. Dondukov-Korsakov and his coat of arms were temporarily included in the Don nobility and the Don Coat of Arms.
Health and Safety Workshop Report (2022)
Authors: Slater David , Stravrakakis Panagiotis , Gant Simon , Valera-Medina Agustin
Published: July 2023

This report summarises the discussions that took place around the topic of “Ammonia as an Energy Vector – Health and Safety” during the Health and Safety Workshop of the 1st Symposium on Ammonia Energy hosted at Cardiff University from the 1st to the 3rd of September 2022. Several presenters from various companies and organizations participated in the discussions, and all provided some insight into the most concerning issues when using ammonia as an energy vector. The workshop, hosted by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), promised to examine some important questions that need to be answered via R&D to tackle the unknowns of using ammonia in both the energy and transport sectors. The outcome of the workshop is this document, which will be put forward in the following H&S workshops scheduled to be taking place in future sessions of the Symposium, with the aim of coordinating research efforts undertaken by industries, governmental bodies and academic institutions that are targeted at solving the problems related to producing, carrying, distributing and employing ammonia as an energy source.
Experimental Investigation of Spark-Assisted Compression-Ignition with Ammonia-Hydrogen Blends
Authors: Reggeti Shawn , Kane Seamus , Northrop William
Published: July 2023

Carbon-free emissions and stable operation of ammonia-fueled internal combustion engines have been demonstrated in recent studies through combustion strategies suited to the fuel’s unique properties. High ignition energy and slow flame speed of ammonia are typically compensated for by hydrogen addition and/or enhanced ignition systems while the high octane rating of ammonia allows high compression ratio. The experimental study in this work investigates the performance of ammonia in spark-assisted compression-ignition (SACI) mode, where the cylinder charge is spark ignited and a subsequent auto-ignition event results in a faster burn and more ideal combustion phasing. The high-compression ratio engine was fueled by 100% anhydrous ammonia or blends with small quantities of hydrogen (2.5% and 5% by volume). Fuels were port-injected for a homogeneous intake charge mixture at stoichiometric equivalence ratio. Two different engine speeds were tested at several intake temperatures and spark timings. All cases showed an inflection point in the apparent heat release rate (AHRR) followed by more rapid rate of heat release, signaling the onset of auto-ignition. Blending hydrogen in the fuel benefited gross indicated mean effective pressure (gIMEP) at maximum brake torque (MBT) timing, but pure ammonia fuel was more stable across a wide range of spark timings and intake temperatures. Burn durations in the present study were similar to those of conventional SI engines fueled by gasoline indicating that the combustion enhancement of SACI compensated for the lower flame speed of ammonia. The control of SI percent, defined as the fraction of heat release before auto-ignition compared to the total heat release, is shown to be strongly related to the sensitivity of auto-ignition timing to spark timing. Unburned ammonia emissions are hypothesized to be primarily driven by unburned gases trapped in the crevices and are mitigated slightly through blending hydrogen in the fuel or by increasing intake temperature. However, the addition of hydrogen and increasing intake temperature led to increased nitric oxide (NO) emissions. Of primary concern because of its potent global warming potential, nitrous oxide (N2O) did not show a clear trend with fuel hydrogen content or intake temperature, but definitively increased for the higher engine speed.
Effects of Ammonia Substitution on Explosion Limits of Methane
Authors: Guo Yanze , Chen Aiguo , Deng Xi , Huang Zan , Li Jun , Ying Wenxuan , Ma Xiuhua , Nie Yuhong , Chen Guansheng , Xiao Hua
Published: July 2023

As a hydrogen-rich and carbon-free fuel, ammonia is regarded as a promising carrier and storage medium for clean energy. By mixing methane with ammonia, the emission of carbon dioxide is also significantly reduced, which is of great significance for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and protecting the environment. However, ignition studies of ammonia/methane mixtures are still limited. In this paper, by means of numerical simulation with detailed chemical reaction mechanism, the effect of ammonia replacing methane on combustion was analyzed. Characteristics of explosion limit under different temperature (750-850K), equivalent ratio (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0) and ammonia mixing ratio (0-90%) were studied. The results show that the explosion limit decreases with the increase of temperature and equivalence ratio. When the proportion of NH3 is around 10%, the explosion limit shows a turning point. When the mole fraction of NH3 is higher than 50%, the explosion limit shows obvious increasing tendency with ammonia addition. Moreover, sensitivity and rate of production were also analyzed to expand the understanding of explosion limit for premixed ammonia-methane fuel blends.
Prospects of using the Schottky-Barrier Composite Two-Tier FETs in a HIC of the Microwave Power Amplifiers
Authors: Iovdalskiy V.A. , Ganyushkina N.V. , Panas A.I.
Published: July 2023

The paper demonstrates relevance and prospects of using the Schottky-barrier composite two-tier FETs based on the GaN crystals in the previously developed hybrid integrated circuit design, as well as the possibility to increase power dissipation up to 200 W with using one pair of crystals and to 250 W with using the two pairs. Thermal calculation results are presented proving the prospects of using the proposed hybrid integrated circuit design. Crystals of the two types GaAs and GaN are compared. Efficiency and prospects for using GaN crystals and Schottky barrier composite two-tier field-effect transistors in a hybrid integrated circuit of the microwave power amplifier could significantly improve its weight and size characteristics. Advent and use of the Schottky-barrier field-effect transistors based on the GaN crystals with the power of up to 100 W and more was temporarily solving the problem of increasing the power and improving the weight and size characteristics of the microwave amplifiers. When comparing maximum temperatures on the transistor crystal at the released power of 1 W, it was found that an increase in the thermal conductivity of the additional heat sink contributed to maximum temperature displacement from the upper crystals to the lowers and changed the heat flow direction. GaN crystals use increased the power level over the entire range of thermal conductivity of the additional heat sink materials 500--2000 W/(m · K), and the power ratio with an increase in the thermal conductivity of the additional heat sink was approximately equal to two. Prospects of using the proposed design of a hybrid integrated circuit of power amplifiers was justified
Risk Management Hybrid Decision-Making Support Methodology in Complex Sociotechnical Systems
Authors: Kiwan M. , Berezkin D.V. , Smirnova E.V.
Published: July 2023

The paper presents a hybrid method of risk analysis in the complex systems predicting the possible accident development associated with the social systems, as well as recommendations in prevention of such accidents. The proposed method in order to determine operational state of a complex system and endow it with additional ability to withstand failures combines system dynamics models (to help in identifying interactions of the elements of the system under study in dynamics), event and failure tree models (used to simulate the risk scenario evolution) and artificial neural networks. The hybrid risk management methodology in sociotechnical systems is based on combining capabilities of different artificial intelligence technologies and makes it possible to introduce advantages of several technologies by integrating them. Six stages of research carried out within the framework of hybrid technique are presented, as well as mathematical description of the neural network model. Effectiveness of the proposed methodology was tested using three implemented software products. On the example of a construction company and using the developed original software package, accident scenarios were simulated, and a neural net-work was built to predict risks and determine the company operation status. Simulation results are provided