bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sociétés et rites de passage
Authors: Cauquelin Josiane
Published: October 2021

In 1909, Arnold Van Gennep published 7he Rites of Passage. All the rites concerning the inclusion or separation from a social group are described in that book. According to the author, any individual goes through several status all along his life and, in general, the transitions are signalled by rites.

Those rites derive from a space model, the inclusion or separation from a group and the real crossing of a material passage, but also to a time model, the succession of three phases. The demonstration concerns rites of change in state and status, that is to say pregnancy and birth, its corollary, marriage, death but also the initiation rites.

Initiation leads to a destiny that excludes others, uninitiated ones, those who will never be. Initiation is inclusive for the initiated one and exclusive for the others ; it represents a new social birth and the acquisition of new knowledge.
La mort, une mutation sociale
Authors: Baudry Patrick
Published: October 2021

Death is never just the end of life. All the cultures, when faced with death, have to confront an ambiguous situation : the dead person, although already absent, is still present and funeral rituals are not just made to decently part with a corpse. Being dead most probably comes close to a state, but from a cultural point of view the issue is to define a status. If the funeral stages a passage, it is because the dead person has to find a place outside the world of the living. That differentiation and that separation are essential. A cultural process has to lay out the transition — among other functions, rituality has to set a transitional passage — and, in doing so, to ensure the necessary separation (against the madness of undifferentiation) with the person who is no more. That is to say to arrange the distant placement of a close relative who is no longer close, and who is no longer a loved-one. We have to do with and against what 'remains' in which we confuse the person and that body which has suddenly become the dead person.
Contribution à la connaissance des Histeridae du Maroc (Coleoptera)
Authors: Gomy Yves , Labrique Harold , Chavanon Guy , Janati Idrissi Abdellatif , François Alexandre
Published: October 2021

The study of more than 4000 specimens of Histeridae resulting mainly from sampling realized during the entomological missions of the Musée des Confluences (Lyon) to Morocco (from 2001 till 2011) and of those made by the ECWP at Tamlelt (Bouârfa) in 2008, allows to complete the local geographical distribution of 101 species of this family. Twenty four species are new for Morocco. Pholioxenus chavanoni Gomy sp. nov. is described. A new Eretmotus is also described but not named looking forward to a new revision of the genus.The phenology of the species collected in the Tamlelt's plain is specified.
Description d'un nouveau Pacullinae de Bornéo : Lamania lipsae n. sp. (Araneae, Tetrablemmidae)
Authors: Dierkens Michaël
Published: October 2021

Cet article traite de la description d'une nouvelle espèce de Tetrablemmidae récoltée dans une grotte de Bornéo : Lamania lipsae n. sp.
Économie de l'innovation : un aperçu des principaux questionnements des économistes sur les processus d'innovation et leurs implications économiques
Authors: Autant-Bernard Corinne
Published: October 2021

Trois faits particulièrement marquants caractérisent l'innovation : l'accroissement récent des activités liées à l'innovation, la très grande disparité sectorielle aussi bien dans les investissements que dans les résultats en termes d'innovation et la très forte inégalité dans la distribution spatiale de ces activités. Afin de comprendre ces faits stylisés, la littérature économique s'intéresse à l'analyse des mécanismes associés au processus d'innovation, mais aussi aux effets de l'innovation sur la croissance et les dynamiques d'agglomération. Cet article cherche à expliciter les points d'appuis théoriques et empiriques qui résultent des recherches dans ce domaine, et à souligner les questions qui restent en débat et les nouveaux enjeux.
Lorsque l'innovation est mise au service de la société par la science et la technologie
Authors: Bressan Béatrice Alessandra
Published: October 2021

Nobody could have imagined that Maxwell's studies could lead to applications like trains, the radio, television and cell phones, or that Einstein's theoretical studies would enable us to read and burn D VD 's or to tune our GPS devices. Is it necessary to remind that the Web, like the perfecting of many particle accelerators for medical use, were developed by CERN ? To fulfil their knowledge quest and to meet the requirements of their research, research laboratories use equipment made with cutting-edge technology implying requirement that go beyond industrial know-how. Surveys have shown that the transfer of acquired knowledge by the people who work in research laboratories is one of the more efficient mechanism to yield innovation. Beyond wondering if scientific centres are sources of innovation, we should consider the means we need to implement so that society may benefit from the numerous applications that derive from fundamental research.
L'innovation dans l'évolution
Authors: Lecointre Guillaume
Published: October 2021

In Systematics the use of the word «innovation » can be confusing. Among mammals, the opposed thumb is an innovation that characterizes primates. However, today's opposed thumbs cannot be innovations because their presence among primate species date back to 70 m.y.a. This apparent contradiction comes from the confusion between innovation as an event and innovation as a character state. In Systematics and in evolutionary Biology, an event is an innovation not according to the rarity of what appears, but according to the retrospective consideration of what it led to.
Innovation et art contemporain : le spectre du progrès, le fantasme de l'immatériel, la réalité de la technique
Authors: Dazord Cécile
Published: October 2021

Connected to the question of innovation are the notions of technology and progress. The purpose of this article is to consider the relevance of those two notions from the point of view of contemporary art. The deconstruction of the progressive paradigm, widely prevailing in art history at least until the end of the 19th century, seems to actually be a constituent of, first modernity, then contemporaneity. Criticising progress then engenders a rejection of technicity as a criterion of appreciation of works which, by extension, turns into a more general discredit of technology. That mistrust towards technology appeared more particularly from the 1960s onward, at the very moment when art creation, which was traditionally craft (based on gesture and material modelling), tends to become industrialised, directly integrating mass-production line artefacts in the works, or even industrial manufacturing processes. That paradox of a rejection of technology, coexisting to its integration and assimilation is particularly delicate once the conservation-restoration of contemporary art is at stake.
Innovations numériques / révolution au musée ?
Authors: Martin Yves-Armel
Published: October 2021

While numerical technologies are massively spreading in society, in the public space, and in private lives, they also become more and more tangible and multiform. They offer brand new opportunities for museums, both in mediation facilities and exhibition spaces that can benefit from the versatility of these technologies without giving up the sensitive experience approach. Due to their propensity to transform organisations, the visitor's status and the production methods, they question the very base of museums.
De l'authenticité des textes fondateurs. Un impossible pari?
Authors: Gibert Pierre
Published: October 2021

Without thinking too much, everyone can tell what they know about founding texts, for the group they belong to or for themselves. In this field, the religious reference and the national reference in particular either as a book (Bible, Koran...), a Constitution or a Code of Laws give some insight into the founding referent itself, however ancient or close, and whatever is the genesis of its production, when it is not simply denied. There is always, at one time or another, a kind of rivalry between those kinds of texts, revealing by the same token an in¬ trinsic relativity in the very assertiveness of their absoluteness. Can historians, literary critics, or even text critics have their say when the founding text itself aims at precisely denying any relativity, any discussion, or even any original text capture, at least in principle ?
De l'authenticité des documents historiques
Authors: Richer Nicolas
Published: October 2021

History is both the succession of past events and the stories or analyses about those events. Modern historians who study ancient times have particularly to see to the way the source documents were originally made, either for practical purposes or for a speech. If it is always cardinal, any historian's concern for coherence obeys to variable logics and leads him to admit that a document is authentic according to the knowledge system he has already built. In that respect, a fake document may be of interest for the history of later epochs than the one concerned by the document at first sight.
L'authenticité rêvée de l'art primitif
Authors: Derlon Brigitte , Jeudy-Ballini Monique
Published: October 2021

This article is about the problematic definition of the authenticity criteria in tribal art. After insisting on the debatable aspects of those criteria and underlining the uncertainties of expertise, the authors deal with the collectors' subjective representations. They underline how crucial the role of affects can be in the authentication process and show the contextual fluctuations that make that notion so elusive.
L'authenticité mystérieuse de la " statuette fétiche granit "
Authors: Bathellier Olivier
Published: October 2021

Abstract : This is the story of a statuette, which got in the museum in 1934 and whose authenticity still comes into question today.

Its origin is a wonder and has changed over the years. It could either come from the Marquesas or the Antilles islands but finally proved to be cut from a stone that cannot be found on the Marquesas Islands.

10 years after it had entered the museum's collections, it appeared in a publication that tended to make it belong to the tribal art 'Barbier-Mueller' corpus. However, it is part of the Museum of the Confluences collections. All these questions are wonders. Has the museum been the victim of a hoax ?
Les musées et leurs restes humains : différents regards et nouveaux enjeux
Authors: Novljanin Grignard Irma
Published: October 2021

La place des restes humains dans les musées et leur restitution à leur pays d'origine soulèvent des questions d'ordre autant scientifique, qu'éthique ou culturel. Sans pouvoir s'accorder et déterminer si ces restes sont objets ou sujets, chercheurs et communautés autochtones exposent tour à tour leurs vérités en les liant tantôt à l'histoire coloniale, tantôt au concept d'universalisme scientifique, tantôt au respect des traditions. La décision de la France en 2010 de restituer les Toi moko conservés dans les réserves des musées de France accédant ainsi aux revendications maories et en assumant d'appauvrir ses collections muséales, continue de susciter des débats dans les milieux scientifique et politique qui y voient une porte ouverte vers une perte de leurs richesses «humaines » causée par ces restitutions.
Retour sur l'inventaire mené sur les restes humains et éléments associés conservés au musée des Confluences
Authors: Barbe Emmanuelle
Published: October 2021

An inventory has been taken of the human remains and objects presenting elements of human origin. At such a juncture, it is appropriate to consider the primary value attributed to an object. Thus, contemporary artists use human hair as an artistic "material" so here the meaning of "human remains" is no longer associated with the human element. Human remains and associated items are identified in this inventory, allowing current issues about the symbolic, ethical and moral value attributed to them to be considered in greater depth.
Néandertaliens et hommes modernes anciens du musée des Confluences
Authors: Verna Christine
Published: October 2021

Several human remains belonging to the Upper Pleistocene are curated at the Centre de Conservation et d'Etude des Collections du musée des Confluences in Lyon. These remains come from the French sites of La Quina (Charente) and Badegoule (Dordogne) and are of Neandertals and anatomically modern humans. Discovered in the first part of the 20th century and sometimes somewhat forgotten, the La Quina remains have recently been reanalyzed. We present here these remains and the results of these new studies. A virtual reconstruction of the La Quina 9 mandible using CT Scans data yields new information regarding its morphology. The specimens from La Quina, although fragmentary, highlight interesting questions about the biology and behaviour of Upper Pleistocene populations. One cranial fragment was used to retouch lithic tools, and is the earliest evidence for the use of human bone as tool. In addition, a fragment of mandible found in 1933, but never published, supports the interpretation that anatomically modern humans were the makers of the Early Aurignacian in Western Europe, and is one of the oldest modem human specimens in France. Finally, the chronological age of the Badegoule mandible is unclear, and we suggest that a direct dating of this specimen would be necessary to address this question.
Aperçu de l'étude en cours sur les momies et les crânes humains péruviens de la collection précolombienne du musée des Confluences
Authors: Imberti Marie-Paule , Velarde Leonid
Published: October 2021

L'étude des momies et des crânes péruviens conservés au musée des Confluences s'inscrit dans la dynamique des recherches menées sur les restes humains conservés au sein des institutions muséales. Consultation d'archives, études et analyses diverses ont été, entre autres, mises en place afin de nous permettre de compléter notre connaissance de cette collection et de mieux appréhender la manière dont nous devons la considérer et la valoriser.
Les moulages d'éléments du corps humain conservés au musée des Confluences : état des lieux et perspectives
Authors: Brizon Claire
Published: October 2021

L'étude des moulages d'éléments du corps humain, en particulier les moulages de tête et les moulages en pied, met en exergue les pratiques d'échanges entre musées au dernier quart du XIXe siècle, en France et plus largement en Europe. Le musée des Confluences en possède vingt-cinq aujourd'hui. L'inventaire documenté de cette typologie de collection permet, dans un premier temps, une contextualisation historique. Dans un second temps est abordée la question du regard qui peut être porté aujourd'hui à cette typologie de collection.
Conservation, manipulation et conditionnement des éléments humains, l'expérience du musée des Confluences
Authors: Chareyron Nelly , George Isabelle , Vigouroux François
Published: October 2021

In 2011, a number of studies on the human elements in the musée des Confluences gave rise to a campaign to improve their conservation conditions in the storage areas of the musée des Confluences. New management approaches meeting the requirements of preventive conservation and dignity of human elements have been produced for Peruvian and Egyptian mummies, and the storage space housing them has been refurbished.
Résistance des êtres vivants et évolution biologique
Authors: Gachelin Gabriel
Published: October 2021

La résistance des êtres vivants à un agent infectieux et à un agent toxique est le résultat de la sélection d'organismes résistants à ces agents, à partir d'une population naturellement sensible. L'analyse de quelques exemples montre que le patrimoine héréditaire des organismes, y compris celui de l'espèce humaine, a été largement façonné au cours de l'évolution par la sélection de résistants à des agents infectieux ou toxiques.
L'art comme forme de résistance dans l'Australie aborigène
Authors: Morvan Arnaud
Published: October 2021

The multiple aboriginal artistic movements which developed in Australia throughout the twentieth century have opened up an area of cultural negotiation with a highly political impact.

Whether paintings on bark from Arnhem Land or acrylics on canvas, these works accompanied the Land Rights movement at the origin of the first land restitutions in the seventies. The article presents the history of this movement and examines the ritual origin of these contemporary works in more detail : the purlapa paintings on sand expressing the existential relationship between an individual and a place. In post-colonial Australia, the expression of this link to the land represents an act of resistance.
La voix a-t-elle une forme ?
Authors: Roch Jean-Blaise
Published: October 2021

The voice is a vibratory human production. The link with the world of shapes may seem remote, as it is of a different nature. However, via their physiology, the formants of the voice show that the voice does in fact retain traces of the shapes it traverses in the course of its production. Some neurophysiological and philosophical factors put this encounter between the universe of the voice and the world of shapes into perspective.
Amasyalı Vâzıh ve Dîvânçesi
Authors: BABAARSLAN Giyasi
Published: October 2021

Amasyalı Mustafa Vâzıh, 1763/1764-1831 yılları arasında yaşamış, son dönem divan şairlerindendir. İyi bir eğitim alarak müderrislik ve müftülük yapmış olan Vâzıh, Amasya’da cereyan eden çeşitli siyasi ve sosyal hadiseler neticesinde birçok defa görevinden uzaklaştırılmıştır. Daha sonra Limni’ye sürgün edilmesine karar verilmiş ancak çeşitli sebeplerle nihayet Tokat’a gönderilmiştir. Çalkantılı bir ömür sürmüş olan Vâzıh, ilmî kişiliğinin gölgesinde kalan şairlik yönüyle de kaydadeğer bir şahsiyet olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Mensur eserleri yanında biri Farsça öğretimi için gramer mahiyetinde, diğeri sürgün macerasını ayrıntılı bir şekilde anlattığı sergüzeştnâme türünde nazma çekilmiş iki telif mesnevisi ile çeşitli nazım şekillerinde yazılmış bir divançe hacminde yüzü aşkın şiiri bulunmaktadır. Dîvânçe’nin müellif hattı olan tek nüshası Ankara Üniversitesi Yazma Eserler Bölümü Mustafa Con A 495/III numarada kayıtlıdır. Bu çalışmada şairin hayatı hakkında kısa bilgiler verilerek eserin tanıtımı yapılacaktır. Dîvânçe’nin tam metni de araştırmacıların istifadesine sunulmak üzere Latin harflerine aktarılacaktır.
“Eu sou o presidente": Os ditos, os não- ditos e os re-ditos na política de Estados brasileira em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Petri Verli , Venturini Maria Cleci
Published: October 2021

A crise sanitária, política e econômica decorrente do COVID-19 deu visibilidade às contradições que permeiam o discurso político e as relações entre sujeitos, os quais nem mesmo diante de uma pandemia conseguem deixar em segundo plano a luta por lugares de poder e de fala. Nosso objetivo é explicitar os processos de produção de sentidos que constituem o discurso do presidente da República, em tempos de pandemia, num espaço de litígio, nos embates com o discurso produzido pelo ministro da Saúde, em março e abril de 2020, a partir do que circulou nas mídias digitais. Trata-se do desafio de analisar o discurso no tempo presente, assumindo os riscos que esta empreitada carrega em si mesma. Diante deste presente em que os sujeitos, em seus discursos, se contradizem/se mostram/se escondem, sinalizando para o retorno do mesmo em ditos, não-ditos e re-ditos, identificamos, pela mobilização do dispositivo teórico-metodológico da Análise de Discurso Pecheuxtiana, que a inscrição dos sujeitos prioritariamente na mesma formação discursiva não garante o sucesso da coalisão. De fato, as análises demonstram que eles militam em posições distintas, um assumindo a defesa do isolamento vertical e outro o isolamento horizontal, promovendo a contradição, o antagonismo insustentável, a ruptura.
Evaluasi Sistem Drainase Menggunakan Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) dalam Mencegah Genangan Air di Kota Tarakan
Authors: Faizal Rahmat , Adi Prasetya Noerman , Alstony Zikri , Rahman Aditya
Published: October 2021

Tarakan City experiences problems with standing water during the rainy season, especially in the west Tarakan sub-district which is the center of Tarakan. This puddle not only submerged settlements and offices but also shops and access roads that caused considerable economic losses. An evaluation was carried out by using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). SWMM is a rainfall-runoff simulation model used for simulating the quantity and quality of surface runoff from urban areas. Based on the evaluation using SWMM software, the drainage system in Tarakan, especially in Jalan Mulwarman has several inundated channels, namely channels 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14. This is influenced by the dimensions of the drainage channel that cannot accommodate existing water runoff and sediment thickness that covers the drainage channels so that the capacity is reduced, if it rains it will cause puddles at several points in Tarakan City. In order to deal with these puddles, it is necessary to change the dimensions of the channel and routinely dredge sediments that cover the drainage channels.
Karakteristik Perjalanan Armada Barang Minimarket di Kota Makassar
Authors: Wulansari Indriaty
Published: October 2021

The growth of minimarkets in Makassar city shows very large numbers. The large growth of outlets is in line with the increase in freight transportation (fleet) that will distribute goods. The storage of minimarkets (Alfamart, Alfamidi, and Indomart) is located in the Makassar Industrial Area (KIMA). This research is descriptive-quantitative. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the transportation of goods for each type of minimarket. The result showed that the departure time for all types of minimarkets was the same between 07.00-18.00 WITA, then the average speed of the fleet range from 35-45 km/hour, and the route is chosen was dominantly toll of the total trips.
Identifikasi Sarana dan Prasarana Sebagai Proses Pengembangan Wilayah Pesisir Barat Kota Tarakan
Authors: Prihartanto Eko
Published: October 2021

The availability of infrastructure is considered a top priority for the development of coastal areas. Completeness of infrastructure in an area will bring investment from outside into the area. The availability of infrastructure also has a backward relationship that is higher than the relationship in the future which means the availability of infrastructure is more able to encourage the growth of the upstream sector compared to the downstream sector so that infrastructure has an important role in the economic development of coastal areas such as Coastal Selumit Pantai. The method used is a Scalogram Analysis used to see an overview of the level of development of an area administratively using the completeness of facilities and infrastructure (infrastructure) in the region. questionnaire and interview to collect data, with resident respondents in Selumit Pantai village. The results obtained are categories that are included in the hierarchy of the availability of facilities and infrastructure such as There are three hierarchies in Selumit Pantai Village based on a scalogram analysis in which the RT (RT) reviewed is RT 17, 18, 19, 21, and 28 covering the hierarchy 3 with low development area.
Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Sudut Kemiringan Penyambungan Balok Beton dengan Bondcrete Terhadap Kuat Lentur Beton
Authors: Setiawan Andre Feliks , Natalius Dafit , Karmela Josephine
Published: October 2021

Beton adalah salah satu bahan struktur yang banyak dipakai dan dimanfaatkan dalam industri konstruksi. Dalam pelaksanaan pengecoran beton di lapangan, ada kalanya tertunda ditengah-tengah pengecoran baik karena cuaca yang tidak mendukung, terhentinya pengiriman beton ready mix, maupun karena masalah rusaknya alat-alat penunjang pengecoran, sehingga pengerjaan pengecoran harus dilakukan secara bertahap. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian mengenai kekuatan sambungan beton lama dengan beton baru.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh umur beton pada saat penyambungan dengan menggunakan bondcrete terhadap kuat lentur beton dengan f’c = 25 MPa, dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sudut kemiringan sambungan pada beton yang akan disambung.Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin bertambahnya umur beton lama saat penyambungan akan menghasilkan nilai kuat lentur beton yang semakin kecil. Beton yang disambung dengan sudut kemiringan penyambungan 45º menghasilkan nilai kuat lentur yang lebih besar daripada beton yang disambung dengan sudut kemiringan penyambungan 60º. Selain itu penggunaan bondcrete dapat menambah kekuatan lentur balok beton yang disambung sebesar 15,572%.
On the Primary School Achievement Certificate (PSAC) assessment reform
Authors: Rughoonauth Nitin
Published: October 2021

We offer a critical appraisal of the Primary School Achievement Certificate (PSAC) assessment in the context of the Nine-Year Continuous Basic Education, which is the latest education policy reform implemented in Mauritius. The PSAC is an essential element of the new assessment framework for basic education since it is meant to evaluate and certify students’ achievement at the end of the primary cycle. Performance is used to stream students going into lower-secondary education according to their learning needs. Hence, the PSAC assessment has replaced the once much contested Certificate of Primary Education (CPE) examination. Using Bronfenbrenner’s model of child development, we look at the issues related to CPE examinations, and how these motivated the need for the PSAC. We then examine the various aspects of the PSAC and elaborate on how the main features of the assessment could be improved to ensure reliable, fair and valid evaluation of students.
The impact of bank liquidity risk on risk-taking and bank lending: evidence from European bank
Authors: Liang Hongyan , Liu Zilong
Published: October 2021

Objective – This paper uses a sample of annual observations of European banks to examine whether the liquidity risk affects a bank’s risk-taking behavior and its future loan growth. Methodology – A sample of European banks (27 member countries of the European Union plus U.K.) over the period of 2005 to 2019 are used in this study. Liquidity risk is measured by the ratio of liquid assets to total assets. Given the longitudinal nature of the data, the authors use panel regression with bank fixed effects to control for unobserved characteristics that might affect the dependent variable. Findings – The authors find that banks holding more liquid assets take less risk and show a higher subsequent loan growth rate. These results hold for both small and large banks. Novelty – To the authors’ best knowledge, this is one of the earliest studies to carefully examine the effects of liquidity risk on risk-taking behavior and loan growth rate for European banks. Our research suggests that the current Basel III requirement on liquidity ratio can decrease bank’s risking-taking behavior while not necessarily impact their future loan growth. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: G21, G01, G18. Keywords: Bank Liquidity Risk; Risk-taking Behavior; Loan Growth; Basel III
KAUNIYAH QURANIC ARABIC VOCABULARY FOR BEGINNER; ANALYSIS FROM JUZUK 30
Authors: Muda Nurulasyikin , Mokhtar Saifulazry , Osman Wan Hurani , Ationg Romzi
Published: October 2021

This study has the objective to list kauniyah vocabulary from juzuk 30 so that it can be utilized by book authors and readers especially children in learning early vocabulary which is mostly related to science, in accordance with the practice of surrounding observation. Based on the books that have been produced, no complete vocabulary list related to the initial vocabulary in the world of science according to the Quran has been produced to date. This study uses a qualitative method by analyzing the verses of the Quran from juzuk 30 by listing the vocabulary related to kauniyah. Each vocabulary found will be recorded in a table and written the frequency of the vocabulary. It will be written using Arabic words in the form of the original word without emphasis on morphological elements and will record it as a repetition if it is found to be repeated throughout the analysis. After that, the count will be made and will be recorded in the same table to see the frequency of vocabulary that appears through the analysis of the verses of the Qur'an in the 30th juzuk. A complete list will be generated as a study that includes basic words or word origin to all the words that have meaning and their remuneration in Malay. The results of the study found that there were 74 kauniyah vocabularies and a total of 21 words were repeated at least 2 times, namely; man, earth, sky, night, fire, mountain, water, food, spring, morning dhuha, family, face, wine, shining star, chest, individual, grave, sea, sun, river, and land. The 4 words that undergo 10 repetitions and more are human, earth, sky, and night. In general, these 4 words are suitable to be the basic vocabulary to the development of another related vocabulary.
SOCIAL INFLUENCE INDICATORS IN LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY AND INTER-LINKAGE OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS
Authors: Jupiter Herlina , Othman Irma Wani , Yusoff Muhammad Safuan , Muda Nurulsyikin
Published: October 2021

This study explores the social indicators that affect the learning experience of international students for language proficiency as well as its relationship with academic performance in higher learning institutions. A total of 20 respondents consisting of international students from various nationalities were interviewed to obtain the required data. The study found that language proficiency was a major barrier to academic and social adjustment of international students with several other academic indicators such as classroom activities, assessment methods, and systems as well as longing and loneliness have influenced their academic performance. Using a qualitative method, this research also found that international students have several initiatives to facilitate adaptation including improving language proficiency, time management, and interaction with other individuals. Thus, studies have shown that there is a correlation between these social indicators with the academic achievement of international students.
Dzienniki Marii Dąbrowskiej jako źródło wiedzy o historii
Authors: Żarnowski Janusz
Published: October 2021

The author considers the diaries of Maria Dąbrowska covering the period 1914 to 1966 which have recently been made available in electronic form and recognises her as the most important Polish storyteller of the ﬁrst half of the 20th century. He considers the importance of this work to research into the history of Poland during the 20th century. He emphasises Maria Dąbrowska’s speciﬁc view of political and social reality, which is not surprising given that she was a leading intellectual and artist. However, the diaries are not just a reﬂection of the author’s personality but they also illustrate the attitudes that part of the Polish intelligentsia which during the years prior to independence in 1989 was called the “independence intelligentsia”. This was a community which was largely liberal and left-wing whose views were shaped by concepts adopted at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. A broad spectrum of Polish society did not fully accept the views of that community. Nevertheless, at critical times (e.g. the invasion of Poland in 1939, resistance against the Germans in 1939–1944 or the communist crisis in 1956) Maria Dąbrowska’s diaries reﬂect the attitudes of most Poles. The diaries shed light on the situation and attitudes of the intelligentsia and intellectuals during the communist era and their attitudes to the authorities and the communist or socialist social and political programme.
O języku dziennika Marii Dąbrowskiej
Authors: Markowski Andrzej
Published: October 2021

The article puts forwards the thesis that the language in most of Maria Dąbrowska’s diaries was a conscious creation on the part of the writer and was not the result of a spontaneous recording of events and the author’s experiences. It should also be assumed that Dąbrowska wrote the diaries with the view that they would later (probably posthumously) be published and that she consciously used that style and linguistic tricks. The diaries include not only the author’s narrative but also direct and indirect speech, as well as seemingly reported speech. One can only admire Dąbrowska’s mastery of language, whereby she was able to combine various linguistic and stylistic elements in order to create a cohesive whole in speciﬁc entries in the diaries. The article also shows the evolution of the style of Maria Dąbrowska’s diaries from the relatively unoriginal, youthful style of the diaries of the 1920s to the mature, original style of the diaries of the 1950s and 1960s. It also shows that the author – depending on the subject and its importance – used vocabularies for various registers of the Polish language: from academic and ofﬁcialese, through careful standard Polish (most frequently), to colloquial and even vulgar language. Some attention is paid to the author’s awareness of language, as well as her general attitude to both the language of her own works as well as to linguists. This article is only a preliminary study – the language of Maria Dąbrowska’s diaries deserves detailed study.
Trauma Wielkiej Wojny. Psychospołeczne konsekwencje drugiej wojny światowej
Authors: Zaremba Marcin
Published: October 2021

Almost seventy years now separate us from the outbreak of World War II. To date the most important trend in debates about the war’s consequences for Central Europe has focused on the interconnections between the social, political and economic changes occurring during the war, on the one hand, and the origins of the communist bloc in that part of Europe, on the other. This approach is overly narrow: it fails to take account of the importance of the psycho-social consequences of the war, which were incomparably broader, extending far beyond the political dimension. The author attempts to sketch out a systematic account of the sociological and psychological effects of this war, through an examination of the Polish case. His analysis draws upon two key theoretical concepts: Pitirim Sorokin’s sociology of catastrophes; and Piotr Sztompka’s sociology of trauma. Paraphrasing the title of Sztompka’s book (Trauma wielkiej zmiany. Społeczne koszty transformacji), we might call the Polish war experience “the trauma of the great war”. The article shows the sources, symptoms and cultural consequences of the trauma of war in Poland.
Możliwości rewitalizacji zagrożonych języków: między odpowiedzialnością państwa a działaniami mniejszości językowych
Authors: Dołowy Nicole
Published: October 2021

The article considers the main ways, aims and possibilities of revitalising minority languages. The discussion is based on an analysis of a few minority languages (Welsh, Wendi’s and Breton) and the action being taken in order to keep them alive. The author asks the question as to the degree to which minority cultures and their rights to minority languages are respected by the state and the signiﬁcance of this to the revitalisation of seriously endangered languages. Her answer is that the most effective method of protecting endangered languages is to support action conducted by representatives of the minority cultures, which will improve the standing of that language and will encourage its use in public life and – at least partly – on ofﬁcial occasions (not forgetting about the introduction of those languages into the education system).
Służąca, pracownik, domownik. Polki jako pomoce domowe w Neapolu w kontekście retradycjonalizacji instytucji
Authors: Rosińska-Kordasiewicz Anna
Published: October 2021

The text is based on ﬁeldwork research in Naples, mainly on the analysis of in-depth interviews with Polish female migrant domestic workers. The analysis is presented against the background of re-traditionalisation of the institution of domestic service, caused by contemporary migration processes, which introduce serious asymmetry to the situation of domestic worker. Combining own research materials with the information from literature concerning contemporary and past domestic workers, the text aims at individuating and describing basic models of relationships between domestic worker and employers. The individuated models are: “overt degradation”, “ﬁctive kinship”, “professionalisation” and “friendly professionalism”. The article employs symbolic-interactional perspective to show the interplay between models and perspectives and the ways the models are used in everyday interactions between domestic workers and employers.
Seksualność osób niepełnosprawnych
Authors: Ostrowska Antonina
Published: October 2021

The liberalisation of attitudes to sex on the one hand and the increased tolerance and acceptance of our society to the needs of the disabled on the other, provides an opportunity to articulate the problems faced by the disabled with respect to sex. However, little is said on the subject in Poland and the main way in which society views the disabled – or would like to view them – is as asexual objects which have no sensual needs. The unwillingness to face a difﬁcult problem often deprives the disabled of the opportunity to experience intimate experiences and inter-personal relationships. The author attempts to discover what chances our disabled have of a satisfying sexual life and where the social sources of the difﬁculties experienced lie.
Patriotyzm ekonomiczny
Authors: Koźmiński Andrzej K.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses a special type of expectations addressed to the economic actors. These expectations either directly or indirectly refer to the idea of “national interest” and the common national weal. The author starts his deliberations with the connections between economy and patriotism in the Polish economic and political thought of the 19th and 20th centuries. He also presents some sociological conditions of contemporary views and attitudes concerning the connections between economy and national interests. They have been confronted with the mechanisms of gaining supremacy in the increasingly globalized economic competition.
Próżnia socjologiczna a demokracja — przykład postkomunistycznej Polski
Authors: Cześnik Mikołaj
Published: October 2021

The main purpose of the article is to seek an answer to the fundamental question whether democracy can function properly in a society affected by a sociological vacuum. The author confronts the by-now classic proposition of Stefan Nowak with the achievements of the theory of democracy. He analyses the currently dominating models and perspectives from the point of view of the characteristics of societies, their structure, the individuals’ ownership, and above all the distribution of identity. He devotes a separate discussion to the relation between sociological vacuum and democratization. Theoretical debate shows that sociological vacuum is neither a condition of the democratic system nor an obstacle to its existence. A successful, effectively operating democratic collectivity can exist in a society where group identities are weak or do not exist at all. It must, however, be admitted that in speciﬁc circumstances a lack of a vacuum may be acknowledged as a condition that favours democracy, since strong identities of intermediate level create a social capital that is the building material of civic society and democratic political culture. Nevertheless, the main conclusion of the article is the statement that the defects of the democratic system in P oland have other reasons than a sociological vacuum.
Związek między członkostwem w organizacjach a przynależnością klasową w perspektywie międzynarodowej
Authors: Domański Henryk
Published: October 2021

Currently, there is only a limited amount of research on the propensity of people in different classes to participate in civic organization. Using data from the European Social Survey 2002 the author explores the patterns and intensity of relations between civic participation and social class in 19 countries. He examines class differences in the recruitment to four basic types of the associational membership on the assumption that there may be various forms of social exclusion and inequality. This relationship is compared across various types of welfare regime, in line with the suggestion that there is signiﬁcant variation in social involvement across welfare regimes. This analysis shows that, indeed, civic associations could be differentiated according to their class composition. In line with expectations class differences are ordered from the most to the least advantaged groups with respect to their socio-cultural position. In all countries, representatives of the service class are most likely to take part in civic organizations. They are followed by lower non-manual categories, and owners, and most disengaged from formal participation are working class people and agricultural categories. This suggests that civic organizations appear to be preservers of advantaged categories (i.e. higher professionals and managers) while categories located near the bottom of socio-economic ladder are deprived of access to them.
Jak poprawić jakość kolektywnych decyzji?
Authors: Wesołowska Elżbieta
Published: October 2021

The necessity of collective decision-making preceded by group discussions in democratic state institutions prompts a reﬂection upon the quality of this process and its outcomes. The article presents brieﬂy two theoretical models of a debate: Amy Gutman and Denis Thompson’s concept of deliberation (based on the works of John Rawls) and Jurgen Habermas’ theory of discourse. The author analyses the implementation of the principles of those models, taking as an example an ordinary Seym debate. Then, she attempts to answer the question: why many debates in the real world often fail to lead to a consensus or to an innovatory solution (that would involve a change of the participants’ initial convictions and preferences). She suggests a few organizational improvements conducive to a more constructive discussion that would better implement the recommendations of the theoretical models.
Codzienność wokół skupów złomu w Warszawie
Authors: Mostowska Magdalena
Published: October 2021

This paper explores the survival strategies, daily-paths and everyday activities of a group of homeless men in Warsaw who live by scavenging. It is based on data collected during three months (April–June 2008) of participant observation focussed on a street corner in the vicinity of two recycling centres/scrap yards, where a group of waste-picking men after selling the scavenged goods meet and hang out on a daily basis. The place performs multiple functions and is a central point both in their daily-paths, their time-organizing framework and their functioning in a group.
Przestrzeń muzeum a polityka traumy
Authors: Ostolski Adam
Published: October 2021

The article analyses how the representation of the traumatic past in a museum may affect the shaping of national identity. In the first part, which refers to several theoretical traditions (psychoanalysis, narrativism, critical theory), the author discusses the relations between the representation of the past and the interpretation of the collective trauma offered to the spectator. In the second part these phenomena are analysed on the basis of three museums: Yad Vashem in Jerusalem, Terror Háza in Budapest and the Museum of the Warsaw Uprising.
Muzeum Powstania Warszawskiego jako wehikuł polskiej pamięci zbiorowej
Authors: Żychlińska Monika
Published: October 2021

The author discusses the institutionalization of the memory of the Warsaw Uprising as a process activated among other things due to its Museum opened in 2004. She presents how the museum contributes to the shaping of collective memory. She draws her conclusions from an analysis of programmatic and statute documents collected in the museum’s archives. On this basis she describes the mission and message of the Museum, with a special focus on the interpretation given to the Warsaw Uprising by the authors of the museum’s concept. She also presents how the contents to which they give preference are “translated” into the museum’s visual language as well as the architectural-visual plan of its permanent exhibition.
Historia 2.0 — nowe media i przeszłość. Na obrzeżach socjologii pamięci
Authors: Zysiak Agata
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the changing customs connected with the phenomenon of death that has been understood and experienced in a different way in traditional, modern and post-modern society. Today these changes appear in a new context — the Internet. Like many issues important to every individual, the subject of death has got many virtual representations. The authors have conﬁned their analysis to three aspects of the presence of this issue on the Internet, and three types of Internet sites. They focus on: a) the blog of a man dying from cancer, that is on the experience of dying in the virtual presence of others; b) the assistance and emotional support given by Internet groups to parents in the critical situation of their child’s death; and c) the virtual cemetery as a way of commemorating our nearest and dearest. The examples under discussion show that the need for ﬁnding consolation after the death of a close person has not changed over the ages and the Internet only provides other forms of its satisfaction.
Portret we wnętrzu — między socjologią a antropologią fotografii
Authors: Michałowska Marianna
Published: October 2021

This text is an attempt to analyze the works of a selection of contemporary artistic photographers (including Weronika Łodzińska, Reiko Imoto and Todda Hido) from the perspective of sociology and visual anthropology. The first is represented by the texts of Pierre Bourdieu as well as John Tagg, while the latter by Hans Belting and Gaston Bachelard. The author examines the photographic manner of picturing society and the cultural identity of the subjects — from the typical studio portrait through social projects (August Sander) to contemporary documentary photography in which the identity of the individual and their social position is shown without the presence of a model (Candida Höfer).
Big data, medios digitales y sociedad: retos para la investigación en comunicación
Authors: López-Novelo Roberto Alejandro
Published: October 2021

Actualmente la investigación en comunicación se enfrenta a un nivel de complejidad nunca antes visto para la disciplina, esto se debe entre otros fenómenos, a la presencia de Internet y a una serie de entornos digitales a través de los cuales los usuarios generan  millones de datos sobre temas políticos, sociales, económicos, culturales, educativos, publicitarios, mercadológicos, ete., en formatos diversos que están a disposición para ser analizados y aprovechados por investigadores de diversas áreas. El reto para los investigadores es en principio visualizar a Internet como un espacio social en el que personas, instituciones, organizaciones e incluso sistemas informáticos generan y comporten datos; y además, conocer los métodos de investigación novedosos e innovadores que existen en la actualidad para realizar el análisis formal de dichos datos. Uno de los métodos que más se utilizan en la actualidad es el Big Data, que permite al investigador en comunicación realizar investigaciones novedosas.