bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying Support Vector Machine Algorithm on Multispectral Remotely sensed satellite image for Geospatial Analysis
Authors: Hashim Fatima , Dibs Hayder , Jaber Hussein Sabah
Published: July 2021

In this research support vector machine (SVM) method apply to classify the satellite image and produce land use and land cover (LULC) map. The used data is the multispectral Landsat-8 OLI satellite image with a spatial resolution of (30 × 30)m
2. However, the Karbala city was the study area. The SVM Applied with the default parameters of Kernel type, gamma in kernel function, penalty parameter and classification probability threshold. The SVM method achieved high accuracy in separating the categories of the study area based on the test samples collected from the study area in the Karbala province, Iraq. The classification training sites were selected based on visual interpretation and Google Earth Program. The image classification carried for six classes of the study area (Urban Area, Vegetation Area, Soil-1, Soil-2, Water Bodies and Roads). The results show a good accuracy of using SVM method based on relying on the capabilities and the precision of each pixel within the categories. The result evaluation was performed using the confusion matrix, the Kappa coefficient and the overall were 0.89 and 90.61% respectively. The SVM method is able to classify the land use and land cover of the study area with good and accurate results.
A New Projection Technique with Gradient Property to Solve Optimization Problems
Authors: Mueen Hussain Ali , Shiker Mushtak A.K.
Published: July 2021

In this study, a new gradient projection technique has been proposed that consists of three boundaries with achieving the unadulterated descent feature. In this technique, we worked on combining the conjugate gradient algorithm with projection techniques to obtain a new algorithm for solving a wide range of unconstrained optimization problems. We have established global convergence with some hypotheses, and it has become clear to us through our results that the new formula is good and promised.
Convergence and stability of some random iterative schemes
Authors: Malih Sabah Hassan , Abed Salwa Salman
Published: July 2021

In this paper, devoted to prove some random fixed points theorems under Fibonacci sequence, random common fixed points under Fibonacci sequence and stability results of random iteration schemes under Fibonacci sequence.
Determination of electrons location using mirror effect phenomena in scanning electron microscope
Authors: Abbood Tareq H , Abbas Saadi R , Husien Huda K
Published: July 2021

In sense of the phenomena of mirror effects, the behavior of electrons inside the chamber of scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigated. Indeed, a simplified geometrical explanation for the behavior of incident electrons introduced. The presented description is mainly concerns with simple trigonometric functions. However, the synthesis of these functions provide a tool which can be used to trace electron as it leaves the column diaphragm until it reaches the detectors. Accordingly, the position of landing electrons throughout its travel being determinable in terms of the sample potential the operation variables. Results have shown that introduced approach could commendably use to simulate behavior of electrons inside the chamber of SEM.
Application of Linear Equation Systems in Banking Auditing
Authors: Albukhuttar Athraa N , kadhim Hayder N , Almasoudi Hussein A
Published: July 2021

In this research, we use the Euler’s equation formula that constitutes a linear system and it’s application in bank audits. The solution of the systems can be obtained by Novel transformation.
Variation of mass and time conversion of rest into a non-rest visible photon or vice-versa
Authors: Karki Bhishma , Dhobi Saddam Husain , Nakarmi Jeevan Jyoti , Alzuhairi Mohammed , Gautam Narayan
Published: July 2021

In this work, the time rest time of incidence photon on reflecting surface before going to the motion was calculated for a visible photon of wavelength (380nm to 750nm) be found in between 1.27fs to 2.50fs. This time is also known as the time needed for a visible photon to come rest from motion and motion from rest from the reflection surface, for the same photon. This times shows how long a photon are in rest on the surface and then come motion or non-rest photon. More clearly one can understand the decay time of photon that rest to non-rest and non-rest to rest, self-energy time, mass variance time, quantization time and other information related to time. On other hand, the variation of mass of photon with time closure the surface is also studied.
Small-Essentially Pseudo-Injective Modules
Authors: Shaker Zainab Raad , Nayef Mahdi Saleh
Published: July 2021

Let R be associative ring with unit element and X be unitary right R-module. In this work, we introduce the definition of the concept small-essentially pseudo injective module (shortly, S-Ess-pseudo injective). Many properties of this concept are introduced and also we are consider some of their characterizations. Furthermore, we are studied the relation between our concept and some known R-modules and give some results on their endomorphism rings.
Ideal nano topological spaces with Different Subsets
Authors: Hussen Rahma Ibrahim , Salih Hula M.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we present a new class of sets known as
A

1
I
d (n) set, B
1
I
d (n) set,
A

2
I
d (n) set, B
2
I
d(n)set,
PI
d(n)set,
αI
d(n)set,
A*I
d(n)set,
PRI
d(n)set, and other forms of sets in ideal nánotopological, and we review some of their properties as well as the relationships between them and the associated properties.
Studying The Topographic and Morphology Structure of CdO:In Thin Films
Authors: Hammoodi Faisal G , Shuihab Aliyah A , Ebrahiem Sameera A
Published: July 2021

Cadmium oxide thin films was deposited by thermal oxidation method, on glass substrate with the thickness (300 ∓ 10)nmand deposition rate (1.25)nm/sec. The films doped with the (In) with the different ratios(l,2,3)%. The topographic and morphology structures of films are characterized by(XRD), (SEM) and (AFM) techniques. XRD investigation showed all films have polycrystalline structures with the preferred orientation (111) plane. The results of microscopic testing proved that presence the nanostructures and all the films were homogeneous and smooth, with a characteristic nano grain size, by scanning electron microscope (SEM), which show that fact formation of all nanostructures with different shapes and grain size. In addition, the results of atomic force microscope (AFM) show that presence nanostructures and there is effect of In-dopant on the root mean square (RMS) roughness of the films, where it increases while the grain size decreases with the increasing of In-dopant.
Jordan Generalized Higher Reverse Derivations On prime Γ-Semirings
Authors: Mahmoudand Auday Hikmat , Oreibi Hussein Ali
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research paper is to look into Jordan generalized higher reverse derivations on prime Γ-semirings. We begin by introducing a generalized hígher reverse derivations and a Jordan generalized hígher reverse derivations in Γ–semirings. For a 2-torsion free prime Γ-semiring M in the sense that 𝑎𝜆 Ϧβ ƈ = 𝑎 βϦ 𝜆ƈ for all 𝑎, Ϧ, ƈ ∈M and ᵶ β ∈Γ we prove that every Jordan generalized hígher reverse derivations of M is a generalized hígherlreverse derivations of M.
Link Budget Analysis For 3u Nanosatellite (Tigrisat) Operating At S-Band
Authors: Salih Altufaili Mohammed Mahdi , Najaf Ameer Najm , Al Bermani Mohamad J.
Published: July 2021

Assessment of link budget estimation for TIGRISAT Low Earth Orbit satellite and its communication with ground station located in Baghdad/Iraq is introduced in this article. Communication link between the satellite and the ground station depends on various propagation parameters and losses which are either constant or variable. Uplink and downlink design parameters were considered. Simulation results show a linear behaviour between isotropically radiated power and received power in uplink and downlink respectively. Simulation outcomes illustrate how the precise amount of dust attenuation over Iraq dwindles the carrier to noise ratios as concerned with uplink and downlink in turn. In order to present high data rates telecommunication between a satellite at LEO and the earth station, this article reviews link budget requirements, besides for futuristic signal impairments consideration for enhancing transceiving performance for Tigrisat [11].
A Review: Non Invasive Sensing System for Detection Glucose Level
Authors: Bachache Lina Nasseer , Hasan Jamal Abduljabar , Al-Neam Auns Qusai
Published: July 2021

Attributable to the probability of rapidly increasing numbers of diabetic patients in the world, and due to the effect of COVID-19 virus and the hazardous of life-jeopardizing critical cases that require continuous nursing monitoring the glucose level (CNMGL). The contamination possibility and the pain of the traditional measuring systems limiting the number of blood glucose checking, which decreases the diabetic patient controlling their blood glucose level (BGL). Now the indigency for a non-invasive glucose detecting system (NIGDS) is highly praised. The aim of the review of the NIGMS and their challenges to the future transcend these challenges. The last reviews of NIGDS discuss the measuring system concerned with their techniques but this study has been reviewing the detection system by their measuring site and collects the complication of measuring systems in each site. The main contribution of our works is to demonstrate that all the previous studies of glucose detection systems depend on the invasive calibration for each patient before starting the measurements due to the high numbers of parameters that interfere with glucose measurements. Toward NIGDS that is wearable and monitors the patient blood glucose continuously.
On perturbation theory and its application in solving ordinary differential equations using the asymptotic expansion method
Authors: Salem Safaa Ali , Thanoon Thair Younis
Published: July 2021

-The perturbation theory is one of the tricks or tools used mathematically to find approximate solutions to fluctuating problems for which no accurate solutions can be found. In this paper we will deal with a number of basic concepts related to perturbation theory, including regular perturbation and singular perturbation, and then apply these tricks or tools theoretically to ordinary first and second order differential equations for regular perturbation using the asymptotic expansion method, which is considered one of the most important methods used to find approximate solutions of perturbation equations.
Synthesis, Properties and Application of Titanium Dioxide Doped with Nitrogen. Its Effectiveness on Photo Degradation Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) enzymes Pupae Instar of Aedes aegypti
Authors: AlSalih Moatasem , Samsudin Syakirah , Arshad Siti Suri
Published: July 2021

The sol-gel method was used to create N-doped TiO2. From the characterization results, it was found that N-doped TiO2 using Titanium(IV) ammonia solution and calcination tetraisopropoxide 600 K provided the most appropriate properties for acting as the photo catalyst can be use as inhibitor of GST. SEM, AFM and XRD results indicated that this N-doped TiO2 catalyst had high crystallinity because its titania precursor was simply hydrolyzed completely so no organic contents blocked initial phase construction. SEM and AFM results demonstrated that its surface morphology was spherical like fluffy powders. Moreover, with increasing calcination temperature, its anatase-to-rutile phase transformation was retarded by the incorporated nitrogen. Elemental Analysis and UV-Vis/DR results also suggested that nitrogen could be dormant in the TiO2 lattice with strong bonds, causing the effect on the band gap structure by adding energy states nearly valence band of TiO2. All of these properties enhanced the photocatalytic activity of N-doped TiO2 under visible light. Regarding the photocatalytic activity, N-doped TiO2 with ammonia solution of titanium(IV), calcinated 600 K Tetraisopropoxide succeeded in degrading glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzymes, with the highest efficiency. However, its photocatalytic activity was drastically decreased when it was calcined at higher temperature. Additionally, the plausible mechanism was also proposed in case of photo degradation of antioxidant content based on two detected intermediates by The association between ln Co/C and photo degradation period (h).
Interaction thermodynamics of human hemoglobin with environmental and toxic gases: A density functional theory study
Authors: Abdulsattar Mudar Ahmed , Almaroof Nooruldeen Mudher , Jabbar Hashim Rashid
Published: July 2021

The interaction of human hemoglobin with environmental and other gases and molecules is investigated using density functional theory. The investigation includes gases and molecules such as O2, N2, Ar, CO2, H2O, CO, and Cl2. Thermodynamic quantities usually include Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy. These thermodynamic quantities can be used to distinguish how much strong these molecules are bonded to hemoglobin. The interaction with the two different heme molecules, singlet and triplet states, is shown. Results show that the bonding strength differs greatly between these gases. Most of the investigated molecules remain at their monoatomic, diatomic, or triatomic structure except for O2 and Cl2 that may dissociate into two atoms attached to hemoglobin. The Gibbs free energy of interaction of these atoms and molecules reveals the toxicity of some of these gases, such as CO and Cl2.
Primely Compressible Module Relative To A Submodule
Authors: Al-Silaykhee Ali Mohammed , Al-Aeashi Shukur Neamah
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we define anew notion namely Primely Compressible module relative to a submodule N of M denoted by (N-Pri-Compressible) also, anew generalizations of Primely Compressible relative to a submodule are introduced where a module M is known as (N-Pri-Compressible) if for all nonzero submodule K of M such that contains N, and N be a nonzero Prime submodule of M. there exists a nonzero monomorphism f: M → K. Many connections between these classes and others have been investigated.
Green Syntheses of CdO NPs and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities
Authors: Abdulkareem Saadoon M. , Hammadi Ali Hassoun , Majid H. , Hassoni Majid H. , Ali Ehab M.
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study is to look into the influence of CdO NPs on antimicrobial activity. Green synthesis has been used to produce CdO nanoparticles from cadmium acetate and the Crocus plant in this study. The properties of the synthesized nanoparticles of CdO thin materials were studied (optic, structural, and topographical of surface), it found that the CdO thin film is poly-crystalline and has multiple peaks. The size of crystallite of film calculated by the Scherrer’s formula. The disk method used to test antimicrobial activity against two bacteria; the observed areas of inhibition confirm that the as-synthesized CdO NPs act as an important antimicrobial agent against pathogenic microorganisms.
A New Approach To Study The Challenges Of E-Learning Advantages And Disadvantage
Authors: Alkaragole Mohammed , Karim Sulaiman M. , Ahmed Saadaldeen Rashid
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we have a tendency to tried to explore the challenges in implication of E-Learning and its benefits and downsides. There are some problems for not implementing E-Learning as there’s some lacking’s of understanding concerning E-Learning to the teacher additionally the scholars and have some issue that bothers to just accept E-Learning instead of ancient learning surroundings, and our main target is to seek out the explanation behind at purpose there’s some opinion concerning the challenges for not implementing E-Learning. E-Learning surroundings is principally an online bases platform in academic section mistreatment technology, the aspects of E-Learning surroundings is mistreatment digital tools in courses of study, it presents the ways, tasks, and therefore the connections between a course structure and introduced new assessment in numerous stages. The aim of this study is to spot what challenges or that factors are the explanation for not applying E-Learning normally additionally it’ll concentrate on what challenges lecturers and what issues students suffers in learning through virtual policy separately by this it’ll helps to seek out the views of E-Learning of lecturers and student each. currently a day’s E-Learning is known in academic sites. E-Learning surroundings is principally student targeted. It’s essentially virtual resource area, wherever student should get to be liable for their own work, because it may be a self-format study therefore student should have privy to their responsibility. I attempted to explore the challenges in implication E-Learning, because the outcome is affirmative there are some problems for not implementing E-Learning as there’s some lacking’s of understanding concerning E-Learning to the teacher additionally the scholars and have some issue that bothers to just accept E-Learning instead of ancient learning surroundings, and my main target is to seek out the explanation behind at purpose there’s some opinion concerning the challenges for not implementing E-Learning.
CdTe Thin Films prepared by thermal evaporation on Silicon substrate for photocurrent device Applications
Authors: Rasheed Ali Hameed , Raoof Lamyaa Mohammed , abd Ahmed N.
Published: July 2021

In this works, CdTe was deposited on glass and Si substrates using thermal evaporation techniques. CdTe has been investigated from the properties (structural, surface morphological, optical and electrical). XRD analyses found the monocrystallite, cubic structure of the CdTe thin film and there is no trace of the other material. UV-Vis measurements indicate that 1.51 eV was found the energy gap of the CdTe thin film. Ag/CdTe/Si/Ag The heterojunction Photodetector has two response peaks located at 450 nm and 900 nm with a maximum sensitivity and detectivity of Ag/CdTe/Si/Ag 0.22 A/W and 3.1×1012 respectively.
Enhancing The Error Term of, |Np(x) – τx} For Some Special Sequence
Authors: Hussein Hanan Salim , Al–maamori Faez A.
Published: July 2021

This paper concentrate on restricting the gap between the error term of |Np(x) – τx} and itself in Riemann hypothesis. Also, enhancing an algorithm in different technique to generate a primitive weird number from any sufficient large real x.
Using Fuzzy-ARFIMA Models to Predict Births in Basra Governorate
Authors: Zalan Raissan Abdulimam , yaseen Zainab sami
Published: July 2021

Today’s time series analysis is one of the most important statistical methods in forecasting, and it has been used in many economic, industrial, commercial and science fields, by representing time series characterized by long-term memory that helps predict future predictions and make appropriate and accurate decisions. In this research, we study prediction by relying on time series data for births in Basra Governorate. Using fuzzy-ARFIMA models and comparing them with each other using evaluation criteria (AIC& BIC) and (Adjust R-squared) for prediction, which are calculated using Eviews version (10), and Fuzzy-ARFIMA (12,0.104,12) was found. It is the best because it has the lowest values for (AIC & BIC) and the highest value for (Adjust R-squared), and also the highest forecasting efficiency because it has the lowest values for prediction accuracy scales (MAE& RMSE) and was chosen as the best model for predicting the future of monthly births in Basra
A Novel approach towards Implicit Authentication System by using Multi-share visual key Cryptography Mechanism
Authors: Gadicha Ajay B. , Gadicha Vijay B , Obaid Ahmed J.
Published: July 2021

Currently huge amount of data used to stored, extracted and transacted via various stand alone and internet based applications. These applications are extended towards the verticals like huge databases, data warehouses, cloud computing services and various client-server applications. In all these applications important data used to float day in day out. Therefore preserving user authentication & access control is extremely important aspect of information security. Here an attempt is made to generate an implicit authentication system using multi-share visual key cryptography which will generate strong password keys by using images. Initially various images will be fused to form a resultant image than on this fused visual key cryptography will be performed which will provide multiple shares, out of these one of the share is selected to generate strong password strings/keys to accomplish the task of access control or user authentications.
Synthesis of IONPS by mixing leek extract with iron chloride salt for antibacterial application
Authors: Hussein Sarah Q , Sabry Raad S , Abid Muslim A
Published: July 2021

Synthesis of IONPS by mixing leek extract with iron chloride salt. By simple chemical process, with Change in PH which has a variety of effects on the optical and structural properties of IONPs. The iron oxide NPs were characterized by XRD, SEM and UV–vis techniques. XRD results showed average Crystallite size changed from (23.23) nm to (20.70) nm as pH was increased from 1.6 to 12. The particle size of (a-Fe2O3) NPs was about (101.60) nm in SEM pictures, but as the PH increased, the particle size decreased to(34.30) nm. UV–vis measurements showed energy band increased from ( 3.33-5.62) eV. Antimicrobial activity of iron oxide NPs was determined by growth inhibition zones of the gram negative bacteria E.coli, Klebseilla spp and gram-positive bacteria S.aureus, S.epidermidis and fungal Candida albicans. It found the zones for (a-Fe2O3) NPs when PH 1.6 was between (12-14) mm. The zones for (a-Fe2O3) NPs when PH 12 was between (12-13) mm.
Deep Learning Enhancing Performance Using Support Vector Machine HTM Cortical Learning Algorithm
Authors: Akila D. , Pal Souvik , Jayakarthik R. , Chattopadhyay Sitikantha , Obaid Ahmed J.
Published: July 2021

Deep Learning is a function of AI that duplicates the mechanisms of human thought in the processing of information and selection processes. The aim of this study is to apply a technology known as SVMHTMC to improve deep learning. The HTM Cortical Learning Approach and the Support Vector Machine have been combined in this suggested algorithm. The deep learning technique is based on the assumption that the mean absolute percentage error is reduced. Aside from the overlapping duty cycle, the high proportion of which shows the speed of the classifier’s processing function. The findings demonstrate that by halving the value, the suggested set of criteria minimizes the absolute proportion of mistakes. In addition, raise the percentage of overlapping duty cycles by 17%.
A Comparison Two Ridge Regression Using LAD method with Simulation
Authors: Mohammad Tamarah Wathib , Al-Dubaicy Awatif Rezzoky
Published: July 2021

The multicollinearity is the one of the important and contained problems in regression analysis, because its effect on model estimators, the problem is that the independent variables are so closely related that the results of the regression are not clear, the aim of this research is to solve the problem of multicollinearity. one of the solutions get of this problem has deal with, which is the ridge regression of least absolute deviation (LAD) estimators, by adding a proposed a ridge parameter which is considered as contribution to solving the problem of multicollinearity by modify B M Golam Kibria (

K
^

M
E
D

) then compared it between them. The (

K
^

C
N

) is the best estimator by simulation study and mean square error (MSE) critical.
Analysis of the Focusing Ion Beam Microscope Ion Mirror Method for Studying Influence of the Measuring Chamber
Authors: Hazime Luna Basil , Muayyed Jabar Zoory
Published: July 2021

Using the ion mirror image (IMIM) technique, a focused ion beam (FIB) microscope is used to investigate the charging phenomenon of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The effect of the experimental chamber’s finite size is studied using classical scattering theory. We test the widely held belief that the method tests the radius of curvature of the equipotential by performing a thorough calculation of the Ion orbits in the presence of extended sources. We show that, near to the chamber walls, the field lines bend until they are normal to the walls, the field is small, and the ion orbit is unaffected, as well as how to get rid of the “mirror effect”.
Cross Sectional-Area Effect On The Optical Properties Of The CdS Nanoparticles Prepared By The Exploding Wire Technique
Authors: Abed Haneen T. , Humud Hammad R.
Published: July 2021

The characteristics of the cadmium sulfide films prepared with the explosive wire were studied and the effect of changing the cross-sectional area of the wire on these properties was found. It was found that the energy gap is inversely proportional to the area where the greater the area, the lower the energy gap values (from 1.65 to 1.12) eV. Also, the absorption and its modulus were increased by increasing the cross-sectional area of the wire. The refractive index and extinction factor showed a clear response, as the value of both decreased due to the effect of this increase in the wire area.
Design and Simulation of Optical Logic Gates Based on (MIM) Plasmonic Waveguides and slot cavity resonator for Optical Communications
Authors: jasim Wissam Abed , Ali Faris Mohammed , Abdullah Ahmed Kareem , AbdulNabi Mohammed Ahmed
Published: July 2021

In the field of optics the tinier devices are the better; therefore, the diffraction limit of light seems like an essential limitation in the way of that field. In return, new methods have appeared to resolve this issue. One of these methods is the plasmonic technology which allows light pressure into nanostructures. The current study proposes all-optical logic gates based on metal insulator metal structures (mim) waveguide. This waveguide has an important characteristic which is restricting the applied light strongly far from the diffraction limit. The proposed structure is small compared to the applied wavelength. The optical plasmonic gates proposed are (OR, NOR, AND, NAND, NOT). The comsol multiphysics 5.5 software was used for simulation by the 2-D FDTD method. Hence, these five gates will be obtained by optical interference between the propagating signals through the input ports and the control ports, whose positions can be altered according to the gate needed. The implementation and simulation of the proposed gates were all in the same structure, with the same dimensions, the same wavelength and the same transmission threshold, with applicable wavelength of (1550 nm). The performance of the proposed plasmonic gates was tested by two criteria; the optical transmission ratio and the contrast ratio, which is the ratio between the ON and OFF states of the proposed gate..
Porous silicon fabrication by electrochemical and photo-electrochemical methods
Authors: Atta Taebaraek Safaa , Zoory Mauyyed Jabar , Abd Ahmed N.
Published: July 2021

n and p types of porous silicon were fabricated using two methods electrochemical etching EC and photo-electrochemical etching PEC. Structural studies of both types of porous silicon were carried out by X-Ray Diffraction XRD getting 24.5 nm crystallite size in p-PSi and 28.05 nm in n-PSi, AFM, Fourior-Transformation InfraRed FT-IR.
Food Security in Terms of Economic Affordability of Food: Analysis, Opportunities and Prospects
Authors: Stezhko Nadiia , Obaid Ahmed J.
Published: July 2021

This article analyzes the access of population of Ukraine to food and the real financial opportunities of its citizens. Empirical coefficients of elastic demand for basic foodstuffs according to the average income of the population per household were determined. The average annual indicators of change in total income and food expenditure per household were calculated. These calculations showed that the indicator “Economic affordability of food” almost a third does not ensure food security of the population of Ukraine. Based on the methodology presented in this research, the necessary total income of the population to ensure food security by the indicator “Economic affordability of food” and scenarios for its provision by changing the structure of food costs, coefficients of elasticity of demand for household income and resources and other variables were determined.
Medical Image Watermarking Based on Secret Sharing and Integer Wavelet Transform
Authors: Mahdi Gaidaa S , Yousif NoorA , Shimal Abeer F
Published: July 2021

In telemedicine, the medical data are shared and distributed between the whole world with different specialists and for many purposes through an unsafe medium. So protecting the medical data during the transmissions becomes an important issue. Many image secret sharing schemes with steganography have been proposed. Unfortunately, each of these schemes has one or more drawbacks. First, the large size of a stego images. Second, the visual quality of the stego images evaluated by the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is degraded too much. To overcome such drawbacks, a new scheme based on secret sharing and IWT is proposed in this paper. The new scheme can optimize both the size of the stego images and its quality. The proposal scheme involves a dispersion of medical image into shadow images using Lin and Thien’s technique. The size of each shadow size is reduces to 1/k from the overall of the secret image size and k is the number of shadows. After that, the shadows are embedded in a host image by using Integer wavelet transform (IWT) technique. In the reconstruction the secret medical image is reconstruct by pooling at least k shadows The experimental results of the proposed algorithm are shown for many medical images the effectiveness of analyzed with the help of the peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized correlation.
Effects Of Reflectance And Shading On Parabolic Dish Photovoltaic Solar Concentrator Performance
Authors: Alaziz Hala L. Abd , Shneishil Alaa H.
Published: July 2021

Photovoltaic concentrating systems have recently become one of the topics of interest to researchers around the world due to the high cost of semiconductors used in the manufacture of solar cells, as well as the wide area of traditional photovoltaic panels. The target can be met by compensating for the vast areas of solar cells with smaller cell areas made of reflective or refractive materials that concentrate higher intensity solar radiation to reach a higher outward power. In this research a parabolic dish solar photovoltaic concentrator is studied theoretically. The concentration ratio at the reflecting concentrator has been studied as a function of reflectance and shading losses under five different rim angles ( 45°, 55°, 65°,75° and 85°) using equations simulated in the MATLAB software. Following that, the total absorbed solar radiation and output power provided by CPV with multi-junction solar cells. the results indicated that the concentration ratio increase linearly with reflectance, while it increases as the rim angle decrease. The best value of concentration ratio is about 172 for rim angle 45° and reflectance 95%.
Successful Factors Determining the user behaviour in information system
Authors: Saleh Almahdy Alhaj , Alkhuwaylidee Ahmed Rashid , Thangiah Murugan
Published: July 2021

The aim of this research is to investigation and explore the factors that drive the e-governance implementation and affect the government performance further because the government-citizen relationship in Syria. In this respect it is important to embrace the e-governance system to decide how effective it can be. There is also query if the previously established IS recognition frameworks can be used to determine the acceptance by Syrian citizens of the e-governance system. The survey issued a total of 600 questionnaires to the citizens of Syria. The research obtained approximately 385 responses, indicating a return rate of 62.83%. In the analysis of the results, Structural equation model (SEM) was used with AMOS version 21.0 to analyse the data. The findings indicate that five core determinants, namely, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, system flexibility, Citizens-Centricity, and facilitating conditions significantly influenced user intention to use E-governance system.
Calculation maximum pressure of layers with using porosity mathematical model
Authors: Abdulla Enas Yahya , Jali Layla Ismet
Published: July 2021

In this paper, discussion maximum pressure between layers of articular cartilage for of human ankle joint in Various walking styles and design mathematical model depended on the Reynolds equation and continuity equation. Non-Newtonian synovial fluid and elastic deformation is mathematically derived. Theoretical analysis maximum pressure with different stride length for human, porosity and regular velocity in daily active we provided The stride length that accompanies human movement with different walking speed is the most important influences that protect the joint and help accomplish daily activities
BS-algebra and Pseudo Z-algebra
Authors: Nouri Adel Hashem , Mahdi Layth Salah
Published: July 2021

This paper introduces a new notion of algebra called BS-algebra and some of its properties are discussed in detail. Also, we define a S(a,b) of BS-algebra and discus of properties and theorems of it. Some of theorems of a new ideals of BS-algebra are introduced and proved. Also, we introduced some new types of ideals of Z-algebra and we linked these ideals with some theorems and properties. Also, we define the concept of pseudo Z-algebra and introduced some examples and new concepts in it, including the concept of pseudo b-subalgebra and introduced some theorems and properties in this new concepts.
Constructing of Some Special Maps on Orthoalgebra
Authors: Al-Gburi Athraa H. , Al-Adilee Ahmed
Published: July 2021

This study concerned with a type of generalization of some algebraical statistics concepts on one of the quantum algebraic spaces, which is known by orthoalgebra (briefly OA). The main proposal consists of a definition of a special function called a bivariate qausi-copula which will be defined on OA. Also, this study focuses on illustrating maps that can be used to find solutions that deals with non-compatible problem, which does not exist on Boolean algebra. Several proofs, properties, and results have been shown with respect to this generalization. Afterwards, few examples have been illustrated to explain the situation related to compatibility and non-compatibility notion. Finally, we have presented conclusions that summarize this work and present the highlights within this study.
E-Learning in Data Analytics on Basis of Rule Mining Prediction in DM Environment
Authors: Nagarathinam T. , Elangovan V.R. , Obaid Ahmed J. , Akila D. , Tuyen Dang Quang
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, most of the information science inquires about a spotlight on affiliation rule to decide explicit examples and rules from huge information. Affiliation guideline is worked by basic information duration device, for example, WEKA which incorporates arrangement, bunching, affiliation runs, etc. When all is said in done, the affiliation standard could be pertinent for enormous E-Learning datasets like they were pertinent towards the formless arrangement. Within this exam, the uses for affiliating rule after gathering under straight information for a considerable length of time from LMS have been explored. Intriguing quality measurements and other applicable understudy inclinations are caught in the wake of thinking about a few affiliation rule calculations. Some imagined introductions of rules and their applicable outcomes will be exhibited in wording reasonableness in eLearning conditions.
Feature Selection based Artificial Intelligence Techniques for the Prediction of COVID like Diseases
Authors: Dutta Pijush , Paul Shobhandeb , Obaid Ahmed J. , Pal Souvik , Mukhopadhyay Koushik
Published: July 2021

Identification of disease from therapeutic statistical evidences area single confronted task which can make a point of importance in the field of medical science. But according to the literature survey, it has been seen that still there are some chances that this challenging task can be fulfilled. In this research a feature ranking algorithm Random Forest is used for ranked the features of the attributes & later on four machine learning algorithm has been used i.e. Random forest, decision Tree, support Vector Machine & XG Boost classification algorithm to classify similar disease datasets like Jaundice, Malaria, Covid, Common cold, Typhoid, Dengue & Pneumonia. Comparison between the classifier is done on the basis of with ranking with feature selection & ranking without feature selection with the help of parameters of confusion matrix, Matthews’s correlation coefficient (MCC), area under the curve (AUC), Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (ROC) & computational time. The results of the simulations shows the effectiveness of Covid like disease prediction is done by the feature selection ranking &classification algorithm.
A conceptual framework and a Review of AI-Based MPPT Techniques for Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Salim J A , Alwan M S , Albaker B M
Published: July 2021

Several Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques based on various Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms were recently developed due to the current availability of powerful computation controllers and adaptability of AI algorithms and their characteristic in handling non-linear problems. AI algorithms are perfectly suited to handle the problem of adverse conditions of rapid irradiance change and partial shading that the PV systems suffer. This paper presents a conceptual framework of the MPPT for photovoltaic systems and a comprehensive review of the current AI-based MPPT techniques. The paper also covers MPPT components, modeling, characteristics, affecting factors, and categories. The performance of different AI algorithms is evaluated and categorized based on many criteria including system complexity, tracking speed, cost, efficiency, accuracy, hardware implantation, sensory parameters, response to Partial Shading Conditions (PSC), etc. Finally, a summarizing comparison of performance of the main MPPT techniques is presented.
Stabilizability And Solvability Of Fuzzy Differential Equations Using Backstepping Method
Authors: Abbas Muna S. , Fadhel Fadhel S.
Published: July 2021

Solution and stability of systems of fuzzy ordinary differential equations are of great important and may be sometimes difficult to carry out in the theory of fuzzy differential equations. Therefore, need for efficient approaches and techniques seem to be necessary for solving and stabilizing such type of problems. In this paper the backstepping method will be modified and used for analyzing systems of fuzzy ordinary differential equations. Such type of problems that might be encountered in studying the mathematical problems resulting from modeling complex physical or engineering real life phenomena’s. The topic of this paper is considered as a part of the control theory of fuzzy differential equations, in which the adaptive backstepping method based on constructing Lyapunove function in quadratic form will be combined with the so called the α-level sets in fuzzy set theory. The reliability of the proposed approach is presented by solving three examples, linear and nonlinear, in which the orginal system may be unstable.
Trust as a Pre-Defense Step for IoT Authorization
Authors: Al-Swed W R , Al-Wahah M A
Published: July 2021

To order and provide services, IoT devices need to communicate and talk to many other devices before these services are provided. However, in complex and heterogeneous systems, certain devices need to trust each other. In this paper, we present an approach that is combined of two lines of defense to help build trust in IoT scenarios and to provide more secure interaction. The paper presents a precisely engineered ontology that serves as the main knowledge base for the definition and semantic registration for the entities within the IoT perimeter to facilitate their automated deployment. We show, in this paper, how trust can be used as a pre-defense step for authorization in flexible and an adaptive manner using semantic web technologies. We develop a proof of concept implementation and give the complexity analysis for our approach.
Survey of BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representation Transformer) types
Authors: Mohammed Athar Hussein , Ali Ali H.
Published: July 2021

There are many algorithms used in Natural Language Processing( NLP) to achieve good results, such as Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning(DL) and many other algorithms. In Natural Language Processing,the first challenges is to convert text to numbers for using by any algorithm that a researcher choose. So how can convert text to numbers? This is happen by using Word Embedding algorithms such as skip gram,bags of words,BERT and etc. Representing words as numerical vectors by relying on the contents has become one of the effective methods for analyzing texts in machine learning, so that each word is represented by a vector to determine its meaning or to know how close or distant this word from the rest of the other word. BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representation Transformer) is one of the embedding methods. It is designed to pre-trained form left and right in all layer deep training. It is a deep language model that is used for various tasks in natural language processing. In this paper we will review the different versions and types of BERT.
Signal extraction in atmospheric shower arrays designed for 200 GeV–50 TeV γ-ray astronomy
Authors: Senniappan M. , Becherini Y. , Punch M. , Thoudam S. , Bylund T. , Kukec Mezek G. , Ernenwein J.-P.
Published: July 2021

We present the SEMLA (Signal Extraction using Machine
Learning for ALTO) analysis method, developed for the detection of
E>200 GeV γ rays in the context of the ALTO
wide-field-of-view atmospheric shower array R&D project. The
scientific focus of ALTO is extragalactic γ-ray astronomy, so
primarily the detection of soft-spectrum γ-ray sources such
as Active Galactic Nuclei and Gamma Ray Bursts. The current phase
of the ALTO R&D project is the optimization of sensitivity for such
sources and includes a number of ideas which are tested and
evaluated through the analysis of dedicated Monte Carlo simulations
and hardware testing. In this context, it is important to clarify
how data are analysed and how results are being obtained. SEMLA
takes advantage of machine learning and comprises four stages:
initial event cleaning (stage A), filtering out of poorly
reconstructed γ-ray events (stage B), followed by
γ-ray signal extraction from proton background events
(stage C) and finally reconstructing the energy of the events
(stage D). The performance achieved through SEMLA is evaluated in
terms of the angular, shower core position, and energy resolution,
together with the effective detection area, and background
suppression. Our methodology can be easily generalized to any
experiment, provided that the signal extraction variables for the
specific analysis project are considered.
Averrhoa bilimbi fruit filtrate as the source and growth medium for lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Sugiharto S , Yudiarti T , Widiastuti E , Wahyuni HI , Sartono TA , Pratama AR , Mareta I
Published: July 2021

The study aimed to investigate the potential of Averrhoa bilimbi fruit filtrate as the source and growth medium for lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The ripe A. bilimbi fruit was thoroughly washed, drained, blended and filtered using cheesecloth. The fresh filtratewas stored in the freezer and used as control (T0). Another fruit filtrate was placed in an anaerobic jar and spontaneously incubated at room temperature (±25°C) for 4 days (T1). The rest of the filtrate was put in an anaerobic jar, added (1 g/100 mL) with shrimp paste (as a source of LAB) and incubated at room temperature for 4 days (T2). The number of LAB, pH values and antioxidant activity of the fruit filtrates were then determined. Results showed that fresh filtrate of A. bilimbi fruit contained substantial numbers of LAB (6.69 log cfu/mL), and after 4 days of spontaneous-anaerobic incubation the numbers of LAB increased significantly (25.2 log cfu/mL). The addition of shrimp paste further increased the LAB populations (30.4 log cfu/mL) in the incubated-fruit filtrate. pH values were substantially lower in T2 than that in T0 and T1. The antioxidant activity (percentage of inhibition of 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl Hidrazil [DPPH]) did not differ among the groups. In conclusion, the ripe A. bilimbi fruit could be a good source and growth medium for LAB.
Effects of palm oil and palm oil zinc soap supplementation on feed intake, feed digestibility, and performance in lamb
Authors: Widayati W , Muktiani A , Widiyanto
Published: July 2021

This research aims to evaluate the effects of palm oil supplementation (PO) and palm oil zinc soap (POZS) supplementation on feed intake, feed digestibility, and performance of Indonesian local lambs. Fifteen male lambs with an initial body weight of 16.97 ± 1.99 kg in randomized block design were analyzed in three treatments. The diets included: basal diet (60:40 concentrate to forage) with no added supplement as control (CON), basal diet plus PO, and basal diet plus POZS. Rumen partial protected fats used in this research are POZS (75:25 zinc soap to palm oil). The treatment was analyzed for 70 days with two weeks of adaptation period. The data were analyzed statistically with analysis of variance using Minitab 16 after passing the assumption test. Tukey test is used (Honestly Significant Difference = HSD) for a significant difference. The data that did not pass the assumption test was processed using the Friedman nonparametric method. The results showed that the dry matter intake in both forage and concentrate were decreased in POZS even though the digestibility of feed and blood glucose levels were not affected by treatments. Daily weights gain significantly decreased compared to control, i.e. 93.25 g/day (CON) vs 78.43 g/day (PO) and 58.09 g/day (POZS) with low feed efficiency.
Organoleptic and chemical characteristic of garut flour (Maranta arundinacea l) mixed with Lactobacillus plantarum as a synbiotics for duck
Authors: Sumarsih Sri , Utama C. S. , Fuskhah Eny
Published: July 2021

The objective of the study was to evaluated organoleptic and chemical Characteristic of garut flour (Maranta arundinacea L) mixed Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) as a Synbiotics for duck. The completely randomized design with 3 treaments and 15 replications were used in the research. The treatments were G0 = Garut flour, G1 = Garut flour + 5 % L. plantarum, G2 = garut flour + 10 % L. plantarum. The parameters were organoleptic quality (color, smell and texture) and chemical quality of Garut flour mixed L. plantarum as a Synbiotics. The Result showed that there are no significant the organoleptic quality of garut flour mixed L. plantarum as a Synbiotics. The resistant starch content were significantly (p<0.05) increased but the crude protein, crude fat and amylose were the same. The conclusion was the The resistant starch content of Garut Flour with added 5% L. plantarum were increased and potential as a synbiotic.