bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graduate Student Mental Health: Needs Assessment and Utilization of Counseling Services
Authors: Hyun Jenny K , Quinn Brian C , Madon Temina , Lustig Steve
Published: May 2006

This study examined the mental health needs, knowledge, and utilization of counseling services among graduate students at a large university in the western United States. Almost half of graduate student respondents reported having had an emotional or stress-related problem over the past year, and over half reported knowing a colleague who had had an emotional or stress-related problem over the past year. Self-reported mental health needs were significantly and negatively related to confidence about one s financial status, higher functional relationship with one s advisor, regular contact with friends, and being married. Utilization of counseling services was positively associated with an index of depression symptoms, the number of semesters in school, and identifying as female. those students who had experienced a significant mental health event in the past year and had higher functional relationships with their advisors were significantly more likely to utilize counseling services. Findings suggest a need for increased attention to graduate student mental health needs, especially the role of financial confidence in student well-being and the relationship of graduate students with their advisors.
A Group Motivational Interviewing Intervention Reduces Drinking and Alcohol-Related Consequences in Adjudicated College Students
Authors: LaBrie Joseph W , Lamb Toby F , Pedersen Eric R , Quinlan Thomas
Published: May 2006

This study examines the effectiveness of a single-session group motivational enhancement intervention with college students adjudicated for violation of alcohol policy. the intervention consisted of a timeline Followback assessment of drinking, social norms re-education, decisional balance for behavior change, relapse prevention, expectancy challenge, and the generation of behavioral goals. All participants evidenced significant reductions in drinking from baseline through one and three month follow-up. Male participants and frequent binge drinkers showed the largest and most sustained reductions in drinking behavior. the results of this study provide tentative evidence for the effectiveness of group motivational enhancement interventions with adjudicated students.
College Student Involvement and Mobilization: An Ethnographic Study of a Christian Student Organization
Authors: Magolda Peter Mark , Ebben Kelsey
Published: May 2006

This manuscript uses a case study of a faith-based student organization to explore the interrelationship between student involvement and mobilization in student organizations. the authors explore the types of cocurricular offerings students perceive to be especially meaningful and document ways effective organizations mobilize students to enact political agendas. the study answers two questions: (a) How can student organizations be structured in order to create optimal learning environments for students? and (b) How do student organizations mobilize students to achieve their political aims? the authors also include recommendations to structure meaningful co-curricular activities aimed at answering these two questions for both secular and faith-based student organizations.
A Mixed Method Study Testing Data-Model Fit of a Retention Model for Latino/a Students at Urban Universities
Authors: Torres Vasti
Published: May 2006

This study presents the conceptualization and subsequent model fit analysis of a retention model for Latino/a students at urban commuter universities. the three institutions involved in the study represent different environments for Latino/a students. two are Hispanic Serving institutions (HSi) and the third represents a predominantly White environment. the model emerged from a concurrent nested mixed method design and reflects the influence of social cognitive theoretical foundations. Using structural equation modeling, the model that emerged from the qualitative data was found to have a good fit and explained 33% of the variance on the intent to persist in college variable.
Racial Identity Attitudes, Womanist Identity Attitudes, and Self-Esteem in African American College Women Attending Historically Black Single-Sex and Coeducational Institutions
Authors: Watt Sherry Kay
Published: May 2006

This study examines racial identity attitudes, womanist identity attitudes, and self-esteem of 111 African American college women attending two historically black higher educational institutions, one coeducational and one single-sex. the major findings indicate that preencounter and encounter attitudes of racial and womanist identity are correlated with each other, but negatively correlated with self-esteem. Follow up analyses revealed that womanist or racial identity attitudes do not mediate self-esteem. Suggestions for future research are given and implications for student affairs practice are discussed.
Gendering family composition: Sex preferences for children and childbearing behavior in the Nordic countries
Authors: Andersson Gunnar , Hank Karsten , Rønsen Marit , Vikat Andres
Published: May 2006

It has been argued that a society’s gender system may influence parents’ sex preferences for children. If this is true, one should expect to find no evidence of such preferences in countries with a high level of gender equality. In this article, we exploit data from population registers from Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden to examine continuities and changes in parental sex preferences in the Nordic countries during the past three to four decades. First, we do not observe an effect of the sex of the firstborn child on second-birth risks. Second, we detect a distinct preference for at least one child of each sex among parents of two children. For third births, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish parents seem to develop a preference for having a daughter, while Finns exhibit a signifiant preference for having a son. These findings show that modernization and more equal opportunities for women and men do not necessarily lead to parental gender indifference. On the contrary, they may even result in new sex preferences.
Unhealthy assimilation: Why do immigrants converge to American health status levels?
Authors: Antecol Heather , Bedard Kelly
Published: May 2006

It is well documented that immigrants are in better health upon arrival in the United States than their American counterparts but that this health advantage erodes over time. We study the potential determinants of this “healthy immigrant effect,” with a particular focus on the tendency of immigrants to converge to unhealthy American BMI levels. Using data from the National Health Interview Survey, we find that average female and male immigrants enter the United States with BMIs that are approximately two and five percentage points lower than native-born women and men, respectively. Consistent with the declining health status of immigrants the longer they remain in the United States, we also find that female immigrants almost completely converge to American BMIs within 10 years of arrival, and men close a third of the gap within 15 years.
The rising share of nonmarital births: Fertility choice or marriage behavior?
Authors: Gray Jo Anna , Stockard Jean , Stone Joe
Published: May 2006

Much of the sharp rise in the share of nonmarital births in the United States has been attributed to changes in the fertility choices of unmarried and married women—in response, it is often argued, to public policy. In contrast, we develop and test a model that attributes the rise to changes in marriage behavior, with no necessary changes in fertility. A variety of empirical tests strongly support this conclusion and invites focused attention to issues related to marriage behavior as well as to the interactions between marriage and fertility.
Foreign-born emigration: A new approach and estimates based on matched CPS files
Authors: Van Hook Jennifer , Zhang Weiwei , D. Bean Frank , S. Passel Jeffrey
Published: May 2006

The utility of postcensal population estimates depends on the adequate measurement of four major components of demographic change: fertility, mortality, immigration, and emigration. Of the four components, emigration, especially of the foreign-born, has proved the most difficult to gauge. Without “direct” methods (i.e., methods identifying who emigrates and when), demographers have relied on indirect approaches, such as residual methods. Residual estimates, however, are sensitive to inaccuracies in their constituent parts and are particularly ill-suited for measuring the emigration of recent arrivals. Here we introduce a new method for estimating foreign-born emigration that takes advantage of the sample design of the Current Population Survey (CPS): repeated interviews of persons in the same housing units over a period of 16 months. Individuals appearing in a first March Supplement to the CPS but not the next include those who died in the intervening year, those who moved within the country, and those who emigrated. We use statistical methods to estimate the proportion of emigrants among those not present in the follow-up interview. Our method produces emigration estimates that are comparable to those from residual methods in the case of longer-term residents (immigrants who arrived more than 10 years ago), but yields higher—and what appear to be more accurate—estimates for recent arrivals. Although somewhat constrained by sample size, we also generate estimates by age, sex, region of birth, and duration of residence in the United States.
Reproductive health and domestic violence: Are the poorest women uniquely disadvantaged?
Authors: Kishor Sunita , Johnson Kiersten
Published: May 2006

We use Demographic and Health Survey data from Cambodia, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti to compare women in different poverty and violence categories in terms of their experience of selected reproductive health outcomes. “Poor” women are those who belong to the bottom quintile of households arrayed according to a widely accepted asset-based wealth index. The results suggest that women who are both poor and have experienced violence are not unique in their reproductive health disadvantage. In particular, for all three reproductive health outcomes we consider, the negative association with having experienced violence cuts across all women, poor and wealthy.
Sex preferences and fertility in South Korea during the year of theHorse
Authors: Lee Jungmin , Paik Myungho
Published: May 2006

Since antiquity, people in several East Asian countries, such as China, Japan, and South Korea, have believed that a person is destined to possess specific characteristics according to the sign of the zodiac under which he or she was born. South Koreans, in particular, have traditionally considered that the year of the Horse bears inauspicious implications for the birth of daughters. Using monthly longitudinal data at the region level in South Korea between 1970 and 2003, we found that in the year of the Horse, the sex ratio at birth significantly increased while fertility decreased.
Marriage or dissolution? Union transitions among poor cohabiting women
Authors: Lichter Daniel T. , Qian Zhenchao , Mellott Leanna M.
Published: May 2006

The objective of this paper is to identify the incentives and barriers to marriage among cohabiting women, especially disadvantaged mothers who are targets of welfare reform. We use the newly released cohabitation data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979–2000), which tracks the partners of cohabiting women across survey waves. Our results support several conclusions. First, cohabiting unions are short-lived—about one-half end within one year, and over 90% end by the fifth year. Unlike most previous research, our results show that most cohabiting unions end by dissolution of the relationship rather than by marriage. Second, transitions to marriage are especially unlikely among poor women; less than one-third marry within five years. Cohabitation among poor women is more likely than that among nonpoor women to be a long-term alternative or substitute for traditional marriage. Third, our multinomial analysis of transitions from cohabitation into marriage or dissolution highlights the salience of economically disadvantaged family backgrounds, cohabitation and fertility histories, women’s economic resources, and partner characteristics. These results are interpreted in a policy environment that increasingly views marriage as an economic panacea for low-income women and their children.
Reassessing racial and socioeconomic disparities in environmental justice research
Authors: Mohai Paul , Saha Robin
Published: May 2006

The number of studies examining racial and socioeconomic disparities in the geographic distribution of environmental hazards and locally unwanted land uses has grown considerably over the past decade. Most studies have found statistically significant racial and socioeconomic disparities associated with hazardous sites. However, there is considerable variation in the magnitude of racial and socioeconomic disparities found; indeed, some studies have found none. Uncertainties also exist about the underlying causes of the disparities. Many of these uncertainties can be attributed to the failure of the most widely used method for assessing environmental disparities to adequately account for proximity between the hazard under investigation and nearby residential populations. In this article, we identify the reasons for and consequences of this failure and demonstrate ways of overcoming these shortcomings by using alternate, distance-based methods. Through the application of such methods, we show how assessments about the magnitude and causes of racial and socioeconomic disparities in the distribution of hazardous sites are changed. In addition to research on environmental inequality, we discuss how distance-based methods can be usefully applied to other areas of demographic research that explore the effects of neighborhood context on a range of social outcomes.
Unmarried cohabitation and union stability: Testing the role of diffusion using data from 16 European countries
Authors: Liefbroer Aart C. , Dourleijn Edith
Published: May 2006

Cohabitors and married people who cohabited before marriage have higher risks of union dissolution than people who married without prior cohabitation. However, these differences in union stability vary markedly between countries. We hypothesize that the impact of cohabitation on union stability depends on how far cohabitation has diffused within a society. We test this hypothesis with data from 16 European countries. The results support our hypothesis: former cohabitors run a higher risk of union dissolution than people who married without prior cohabitation only in societies in which cohabitation is a small minority or a large majority phenomenon.
The foster care crisis: What caused caseloads to grow?
Authors: Swann Christopher A. , Sylvester Michelle Sheran
Published: May 2006

Foster care caseloads more than doubled from 1985 to 2000. This article provides the first comprehensive study of this growth by relating state-level foster care caseloads to state-specific characteristics and policies. We present evidence that increases in female incarcerations and reductions in cash welfare benefits played dominant roles in explaining the growth in foster care caseloads over this period. Our results highlight the need for child welfare policies designed specifically for the children of incarcerated parents and parents who are facing less generous welfare programs.
REACH-Meharry Community-Campus Partnership: Developing Culturally Competent Health Care Providers
Authors: Fort Jane G , McClellan Linda
Published: May 2006

An important national health care effort is elimination of racial and ethnic disparities in six specific conditions: infant mortality, cancer screening and management, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and child and adult immunizations. To address this concern, several health entities in Nashville, Tennessee responded to a grant initiative from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to develop a Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) demonstration project. The resulting award is the Nashville REACH 2010 Project, charged to develop sustainable methods to reduce and, in time, eliminate racial and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the North Nashville community, where mortality rates of these diseases are substantially higher than in other parts of the county. As one of its many interests, the project included potential health care providers to receive and disseminate messages about disease prevention and health education. The present paper describes the community-campus partnership between the Nashville REACH 2010 project and the post-baccalaureate program of Meharry Medical College, a partnership that enfolded Meharry's pre-professional health care students into the community-based participatory service research project to increase the awareness and sensitivity of future minority health care providers to issues in minority and poor, underserved populations and to increase potential providers' familiarity with the processes involved in community-based participatory research.
HIV Risk Reduction among Young Minority Adults in Broward County
Authors: Hlaing WayWay M , Darrow William W
Published: May 2006

We examined changes in perceptions of HIV risk, abstinence, condom use, and intentions to use condoms for disease protection among African American, Hispanic, Haitian, and Afro-Caribbean unmarried and married men and women living in Broward County, Florida. Data were collected through computer-assisted telephone interview surveys conducted during 2001, 2002, and 2003 with cross-sectional probability samples of 18–39 year old residents of 12 high AIDS incidence ZIP code areas. Perceptions of HIV risk increased over time for men, but not for women. Unmarried Haitian women 18–22 years old were most likely to report abstinence. Condom use during the last 12 months increased among sexually active respondents. Among residents reporting exposure to project interventions, condom use increased from 53.6% in 2001 to 64.7% in 2002 and 71.6% in 2003. HIV-prevention programs should (1) consider locally collected data; (2) take into account cultural, living situation, and other significant differences; and (3) be evaluated to assess differentiated impact.
The Role of Faith-Based Institutions in Addressing Health Disparities: A Case Study of an Initiative in the Southwest Bronx
Authors: Kaplan Sue A , Calman Neil S , Golub Maxine , Ruddock Charmaine , Billings John
Published: May 2006

Although many public health initiatives have been implemented through collaborations with faith-based institutions, little is known about best practices for developing such programs. Using a community-based participatory approach, this case study examines the implementation of an initiative in the Bronx, New York, that is designed to educate community members about health promotion and disease management and to mobilize church members to seek equal access to health care services. The study used qualitative methods, including the collaborative development of a logic model for the initiative, focus groups, interviews, analysis of program reports, and participant observation. The paper examines three key aspects of the initiative's implementation: (1) the engagement of the church leadership; (2) the use of church structures as venues for education and intervention; and (3) changes in church policies. Key findings include the importance of pre-existing relationships within the community and the prominent agenda-setting role played by key pastors, and the strength of the Coalition's dual focus on health behaviors and health disparities. Given the churches' demonstrated ability to pull people together, to motivate and to inspire, there is great potential for faith-based interventions, and models developed through such interventions, to address health disparities.
Self-Reported Health among Cambodians in Lowell, Massachusetts
Authors: Koch-Weser Susan , Liang Sidney L , Grigg-Saito Dorcas C
Published: May 2006

National health data reported for Asians in the aggregate present a picture of good health, but significant health disparities exist between Southeast Asian refugees, and Cambodians in particular, and the overall population of the U.S. To effectively address health disparities, ethnically specific data is needed. Data from a community survey of 381 Cambodian adults 25 years of age and older are presented. Overall, 44% of respondents reported fair or poor health. Using multivariate logistic regression, we examined the relationships between self-rated health and demographics, timing of immigration, language use and literacy, and access to health care. In our final model those most likely to report fair or poor health were female, older, unable to work due to disability, to have spent a smaller proportion of their life in the U.S., and to have wanted to see a doctor in the past year, but not been able to.
Racial Disparity in the Diagnosis of Obesity among People with Diabetes
Authors: Neal Diane , Magwood Gayenell , Jenkins Carolyn , Hossler Charles L
Published: May 2006

Studies have suggested that many of the estimated 30.5% of all adults, and 54.8% of adults with diabetes, who have a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater do not have a diagnosis of obesity. The records of 265 people with diabetes in the Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) 2010 Charleston community were audited for race, sex, BMI, and a documentation of obesity, to determine the likelihood of a diagnosis of obesity for people with BMI of 30 or greater, based on race and sex. Significant differences in diagnosis were observed by race, with three times as many records of obese White people with diabetes containing a diagnosis of obesity as of diabetic African Americans. Disparities in prevalence of obesity based on a BMI of 30 or greater were observed as well, with a higher proportion of African Americans meeting the criteria. Studies suggest that these disparities may contribute to the increased burden of disease experienced by African Americans with diabetes.
Community-Based Participatory Research Increases Cervical Cancer Screening among Vietnamese-Americans
Authors: Nguyen Tung T , McPhee Stephen J , Bui-Tong Ngoc , Luong Thien-Nhien , Ha-Iaconis Tuyet , Nguyen Thoa , Wong Ching , Lai Ky Q , Lam Hy
Published: May 2006

Using community-based participatory research methods, a community-research coalition in Santa Clara County, California (SCC) conducted a quasi-experimental, controlled trial to increase Pap test receipt and to build community capacity among Vietnamese-American women. From 1999 to 2004, the Coalition planned and implemented an Action Plan with six components: multimedia campaign, lay health worker outreach, Vietnamese Pap clinic with patient navigation, registry and reminder system, continuing medical education for Vietnamese physicians, and restoring a Breast and Cervical Cancer Control Program site. Components were evaluated individually. Community-wide, cross-sectional telephone surveys of Vietnamese women in SCC (intervention community) and Harris County, Texas (comparison community) measured overall project impact. Receipt and currency of Pap tests increased significantly in the intervention compared with the comparison community. Community involvement, system changes, community and research capacity building, dissemination of results, and program sustainability were also demonstrated. Community-based participatory research is feasible and effective in Vietnamese-American communities.
The Association between Self-Reported Discrimination, Physical Health and Blood Pressure: Findings from African Americans, Black Immigrants, and Latino Immigrants in New Hampshire
Authors: Ryan Andrew M , Gee Gilbert C , Laflamme David F
Published: May 2006

The relationship between perceived racial discrimination and both blood pressure and perceived physical health has been documented among African Americans. However, this association has not been well-studied for Black or Latino immigrants. We used multiple regression analysis with a cross-sectional sample of 666 African Americans, Black immigrants, and Latino immigrants from the New Hampshire Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health 2010 Initiative to assess the relationship between discrimination and measures of physical health and blood pressure. The study found evidence of a significant U-shaped relationship between discrimination and systolic blood pressure for all three cohorts. Evidence was also found supporting a negative linear relationship between discrimination and physical health. In addition, the association between discrimination and physical health was attenuated for Latinos compared with the other groups. Future research should evaluate how factors associated with acculturation or cumulative exposure to discriminatory stressors may affect the protective resources of immigrants.
Sustaining a Safety Net Breast and Cervical Cancer Detection Program
Authors: Shapiro Linda Diamond , Thompson Donna , Calhoun Elizabeth
Published: May 2006

For the past six years, the Chicago-area faith-based Reach Out Consortium has mobilized low-income uninsured and underinsured African American women and Latinas to seek screening for breast and cervical cancer. The funding history for this program illustrates how funds for a small community-based program were leveraged into a broader program, and that grew to serve low-income women across the state. Further, as the program reached more and more uninsured women, community activism led to a further state investment in services for the uninsured. Program sustainability and expansion depended on a combination of public and private competitive grants and grassroots advocacy.
Assessing Resource Environments to Target Prevention Interventions in Community Chronic Disease Control
Authors: Sloane David , Nascimento Lori , Flynn Gwendolyn , Lewis LaVonna , Guinyard Joyce Jones , Galloway-Gilliam Lark , Diamant Allison L , Yancey Antronette K
Published: May 2006

The recent emphasis in public health and medicine on the environmental determinants of chronic illness has created the need for a more comprehensive way to assess barriers and facilitators of healthy living. This paper reports on the approach taken by a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-funded project whose goal is to reduce disparities in diabetes and cardiovascular disease in Los Angeles' African American communities. Findings from this community-based participatory research project suggest that while location is an important variable in evaluating nutritional and physical activity resources, quality and price considerations are at least as useful. We argue that every community or neighborhood is located within a resource environment for medical care, recreation, food, and other health-promoting or health-compromising goods and services that affect the lives and health of its residents.
Diabetes-Specific Emotional Distress among African Americans and Hispanics with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Spencer Michael S , Kieffer Edith C , Sinco Brandy R , Palmisano Gloria , Guzman J. Ricardo , James Sherman A , Graddy-Dansby Gwendolyn , Two Feathers Jacqueline , Heisler Michele
Published: May 2006

This study examines baseline levels and correlates of diabetes-related emotional distress among inner-city African Americans and Hispanics with type 2 diabetes. The Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale, which measures diabetes-related emotional distress, was administered to 180 African American and Hispanic adults participating in the REACH Detroit Partnership. We examined bivariate and multivariate associations between emotional distress and biological, psychosocial, and quality of health care variables for African Americans and Hispanics. Scores were significantly higher among Hispanics than African Americans. Demographic factors were stronger predictors of emotional distress for Hispanics than for African Americans. Daily hassles, physician support, and perceived seriousness and understanding of diabetes were significant for African Americans. Understanding the personal, family and community context of living with diabetes and conducting interventions that provide support and coping strategies for self-management have important implications for reducing health disparities among disadvantaged racial and ethnic groups.
Addressing Disparities through Coalition Building: Alabama REACH 2010 Lessons Learned
Authors: Wynn Theresa Ann , Johnson Rhoda E , Fouad Mona , Holt Cheryl L , Scarinci Isabel , Nagy Christine , Partridge Edward , Dignan Mark B , Person Sharina , Parham Groesbeck
Published: May 2006

Community-based coalitions have become accepted vehicles for addressing complex health problems. Few articles have described the challenges and lessons learned from such a process. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: 1) to describe the processes involved in building and maintaining the REACH 2010 Alabama Breast and Cervical Cancer Control Coalition (ABCCCC) and 2) to highlight the lessons learned from this venture. Principles from community-based participatory research were used 1) to establish and maintain the ABCCCC, 2) to build coalition capacity, and 3) to develop breast and cervical cancer interventions. Over 95% of our coalition has been maintained over a 7-year period. The ABCCCC received a total of 17 breast and cervical cancer mini-grants. Adherence to ground rules such as exhibiting respect and trust and practicing open communication helped to solidify our partnership. Lessons learned from the ABCCCC can provide others with an in-depth exploration of the processes involved in coalition formation and maintenance.
The Status of Modern Greek and Hellenic Studies in Canada and the York University Experience
Authors: Gallant Thomas W
Published: May 2006

The development of programs devoted to Modern Greek and Hellenic Studies is a more recent phenomenon in Canada than in the United States. In addition to being younger, the programs in Canada are located in social, political and institutional situations that present them with some opportunities and challenges that differ from those facing US programs. They also confront some of the same dilemmas as colleagues elsewhere as these are common to academia in North America. Because there are fewer MGHS programs in Canada, the possibilities for higher levels of inter-program co-operation and co-ordination are greater. In the ways that the directors and chairs of programs in Canada are addressing the manifold challenges and opportunities gives grounds for cautious optimism regarding the current state and future development of Modern Greek and Hellenic Studies in Canada.
Policy, Politics, and Social Inequality in the Educational System of Greece
Authors: Giamouridis Anastasios , Bagley Carl
Published: May 2006

Educational policy remains a key variable in the way state governments respond to global change. This paper examines the policy, politics, and social inequality that permeate the educational system in Greece. It begins by placing Greek educational policy in its wider political, cultural, and socio-economic context. It considers the "post-modernization" process in Greece in recent years and reflects on the structure and political economy of Greek education. Then the paper reports on how social inequality is reproduced in the Greek educational system, and emphasizes the need for further research to better understand the complex and changing nature of the nation-state of Greece.
Empire and Exoticism in the Short Fiction of Alexandros Rizos Rangavis
Authors: Gotsi Georgia
Published: May 2006

A prolific and versatile author, A. R. Rangavis sets most of his short stories in foreign lands—European countries or other far-away places. Recent criticism has proposed that the apparently foreign themes of Rangavis's stories can be read as allegories, parables or exemplary tales that refer to Greece's internal situation. In this context, how could one assess his less well-discussed stories dealing with imperial policies and colonial practices? On the one hand, their examination demonstrates Rangavis's familiarity with tropes of colonial fiction and shows his inclination for moral and humane principles of behavior. On the other, beyond moral instruction and entertainment, Rangavis's fictional involvement with the project of Empire could perhaps also be related to his interest in a Greek imperial future as it was expressed a few years later in the francophone journal Le Spectateur de l'Orient.
"Aesthetic to the point of affliction": Cavafy and English Aestheticism
Authors: Jeffreys Peter
Published: May 2006

Cavafy's adolescent years spent in England exposed him to the avant-garde paintings of numerous aesthetic artists associated with the Grosvenor Gallery with which his London Ionides and Cavafy relations had significant dealings. The poet's exposure to the Pre-Raphaelite art of Burne-Jones, the impressionism of Whistler, and the hedonistic poetry of Swinburne left an unmistakable impact on his art and shaped the budding poet's decadent aesthetic. Cavafy's early poems show the mark of high aestheticism, and his early literary interests are curiously akin to those of the second-generation Pre-Raphaelite painter-poets. Vestiges of this aesthetic will remain central to Cavafy's mature poems which foreground the relationship between the visual arts and poetry and exhibit pronounced similarities to the "fleshly school of poetry." Painting and sculpture remain significant inter-textual themes that align Cavafy with the English aesthetic movement with its erudite painting and pictorial writing.
The Status of Modern Greek Studies in Higher Education: Who Needs Modern Greek?
Authors: Jusdanis Gregory
Published: May 2006

Who needs Modern Greek? Like many European-based fields of study (French, German, and Italian, for instance), Modern Greek Studies faces a crisis of relevance in American universities. I look at this crisis by examining three issues: the relationship between Modern Greek programs and the classical tradition, the place of these programs in diaspora communities, and finally the position of Greek culture in the reorganization of knowledge along the lines of multiculturalism and postcolonialism. I conclude that the answer to this crisis cannot be found only in student enrollments, which are dwindling in many places, but also in a clearly-defined research profile which connects scholarship on Greece to current epistemological developments.
The Status of Modern Greek Studies in Higher Education: A Case Study on the West Coast of the United States
Authors: Klironomos Martha
Published: May 2006

This paper surveys the status of Modern Greek Studies programs on the West Coast of the United States. It compiles some preliminary data of the long-standing programs at Loyola Marymount University (LMU), the University of Arizona (UA), and San Francisco State University (SFSU). In countering how corporatization has gradually eroded the ideals of public education in the United States, the paper proposes the re-instilling of democratic values in the curriculum from the vantage point of Modern Greek and Greek American Studies. It draws from Henry A. Giroux and Susan Searls Giroux's recent argument for a democratic paideia, inspired by the philosophy of Cornelius Castoriadis.
Negotiating a Greco-Corsican Identity
Authors: Nicholas Nick
Published: May 2006

The Greek settlement in Corsica, dating from 1676, is remarkable among the colonies of its time for its very slow assimilation—a process that did not become irreversible until two centuries later, with some sense of Greek identity persisting to this day. However, while past commentators have interpreted this as indicating undying loyalty to Greece, the Greco-Corsican construction of identity has been rather more precarious. To establish how and to what extent a distinct Greco-Corsican identity was maintained, the particular historical circumstances of the colony are considered, along with its recorded attitude towards its Corsican neighbors, the continuity of its folk culture with its Greek antecedents, the conditions giving rise to its creedal identity, and the contrasting outcomes in assimilation of transplanted Greco-Corsican colonies. With this information, an account of the delay in assimilation is given in terms of Social Identity Theory, and the particular role the colonists' creed played in the formulation of their distinct identity.
The Status of Modern Greek Studies in Higher Education: A Case Study on the East Coast
Authors: Pittas-Herschbach Mary
Published: May 2006

Recent years have brought an increase in Modern Greek programs in the United States, including a growing number of endowed Chairs and Centers for Modern Greek Studies. Despite significant differences, this trend would seem consistent with the overall recovery and rise in foreign language enrollments in the United States. The program in Modern Greek at the University of Maryland is typical in some ways and atypical in others of such programs on the East Coast. It had a tentative beginning which was followed by a serious fund-raising campaign to establish an endowed chair in Hellenic Studies. Although this goal was not reached, the program in Modern Greek at the University of Maryland resisted retrenchment and even grew within its modest parameters, retaining its affiliation with the department of Classics, and relying heavily on the support of Greek-American and Greek donors. The deepening crisis in university funding has created an increasingly competitive environment in which the Modern Greek program at Maryland and similar programs elsewhere can survive mainly through the redoubled and customized efforts of private donors with close reference to specific institutional and departmental contexts and needs.
The Future of Modern Greek Studies in Higher Education in the United Kingdom: Lost in Academia?
Authors: Tziovas DÄmÄtrÄs
Published: May 2006

This paper presents1 an account of the situation of Modern Greek Studies in the United Kingdom within the context of the wider changes in the British academic system and the status of language learning in British Universities. It outlines the lack of teaching resources and other practical problems associated with Modern Greek programs such as the secondment of teachers from Greece and the difficulties students face during their year abroad in Greek Universities. It also questions the placement of Modern Greek Studies programmes within academic units like Classics or Hellenic Studies and then makes some suggestions for the future.
Too Many Blackamoors: Deportation, Discrimination, and Elizabeth I
Authors: Bartels Emily Carroll
Published: May 2006

Critics have long used Queen Elizabeth's public letters ordering the deportation of "blackamoors" as evidence of the extent to which racial prejudice pervaded the early modern English state. Uncovering an otherwise unattended history, I argue that the targeted subjects were West Africans captured from Spanish New World settlements and important primarily as "Spanish" subjects. Elizabeth defends her proposals by categorically derogating "black" subjects. But while her letters articulate a color-based racial discrimination, they also expose political and economic factors that complicate and compromise those terms, making clear that race is not her only or primary concern.
Recent Studies in Tudor and Stuart Drama
Authors: Crane Mary Thomas
Published: May 2006

An assessment of recent scholarly work treating Tudor and Stuart drama and some general observations on the state of the profession. A full bibliography and price list of the works received by SEL for consideration follow.
Marking Difference and National Identity in Dekker's The Shoemaker's Holiday
Authors: Fleck Andrew
Published: May 2006

Elizabethan city comedy articulates new, mercantile values and concerns in the face of changing economic structures. In addition to characters (often in disguise) from the mercantile class, these plays are densely populated by foreign characters or Englishmen disguised as foreigners. This essay argues that the staging of such foreignness, especially as it connects to the Dutch, adds national identity to the list of values inculcated by city comedy. Paradoxically, while Dekker's The Shoemaker's Holiday represents an Englishman who negotiates a cosmopolitan world of changing trade realities, that broader knowledge serves a nationalist agenda, ultimately exorcising foreignness and celebrating the English nation.
The Jew of Malta and the Diabolic Power of Theatrics in the 1580s
Authors: Ide Arata
Published: May 2006

This essay shows the meaning of Barabas's impersonation in the politico-religious context of the 1580s. This is the period when the nation was facing the crisis of Spanish invasion and enhancing domestic surveillance of seminary priests. Impersonating a Protestant or a Catholic had a political significance. The Jew of Malta seems to share the prevailing sentiment in Elizabethan society around that time: a popular anxiety about missionary priests who have exceptional powers of theatrics. Marlowe juxtaposes this critical situation of England with that of Malta and analyzes the power of theatrics operating in the political struggle.
The Puritan Dialectic of Law and Grace in Bartholomew Fair
Authors: McAdam Ian
Published: May 2006

Ben Jonson's Bartholomew Fair (1614) suggests the need for a balance between too much and too little law and between too much and too little discrimination. The historical context of Puritanism, with its emphasis on both grace and disciplined belief, lies at the heart of the play's dialectic; thus the Puritan ideological dilemma of the early modern period must be considered central rather than (satirically) marginal to the play's conception of social behavior. Such a consideration leads to a recognition of a third binary in the play, between too much and too little idealization, suggesting that Bartholomew Fair is more closely connected with issues of gendered identity and social control of sexuality than has yet been recognized.
Ekphrasis in The Rape of Lucrece and The Winter's Tale
Authors: Meek Richard
Published: May 2006

This article explores the figure of ekphrasis in Shakespeare's The Rape of Lucrece and The Winter's Tale. It is argued that The Winter's Tale is perhaps Shakespeare's most provocative treatment of ekphrasis, inasmuch as the play not only culminates with an object of the plastic arts—the "statue" of Hermione—that apparently becomes "real," but also asks whether narrative descriptions can create "the illusion of the natural sign." Shakespeare presents ekphrasis as a trope that is both seductively real and a sophisticated confidence trick, a trope that appears to have taken in both Shakespeare's characters and some of his critics.
Metropolitan Resurrection in Anthony Munday's Lord Mayor's Shows
Authors: Palmer Daryl W
Published: May 2006

In early modern London, metropolitan ambition, grounded as it was in merchandise, did not mesh easily with ancient Christian notions of salvation. Lancelot Andrewes announces a Jacobean rapprochement by recasting resurrection in commercial terms. Anthony Munday's Lord Mayor's shows Chruso-thriambos: The Triumphs of Golde (1611) and Chrysanaleia: The Golden Fishing, Or Honour of Fishmongers (1616) refine this emergent notion. In these pageants, blaring trumpets summon forth long-dead mayors who preside over a series of dazzling substitutions that culminate in a noisy marriage of commerce and Christianity, metropolis and theodicy.
Breeching the Boy in Marlowe's Edward II
Authors: Rutkoski Marie
Published: May 2006

"Breeching the Boy in Marlowe's Edward II" focuses attention on an overlooked figure of the play, Prince Edward. Arguing that the boy is drawn into the homoerotic and sodomitical discourse so prevalent in Edward II, and is sexualized without being a sexual object of desire, this paper presents his sexualization as a strategy with a purpose rather than as an end in itself. This strategy destabilizes the idea that Prince Edward, when he gains control as king at the play's close, really offers any solutions to the problems Marlowe poses.
Chaste Bodies and Poisonous Desires in Milton's Mask
Authors: Thomas Catherine
Published: May 2006

Milton's Mask has traditionally been understood as an argument about chastity's protective force against seductive powers. But the masque conceals a more troubling portrayal of desire in seventeenth-century England. Through a reading of the Seventh International Milton Symposium's production of A Mask and Henry Peacham's 1612 emblem "Crimina gravissima," this essay demonstrates that considering Comus's sexual alterity and the drama's queer proliferation of desire not only lends credence to historicizing the text in light of the Castlehaven scandal but also challenges the standard victorious-virtue interpretation of the ending.
Performing Historicity in Dekker's The Shoemaker's Holiday
Authors: Walsh Brian
Published: May 2006

This essay considers Thomas Dekker's The Shoemaker's Holiday as a history play rather than as a comedy, and so seeks to situate it among other works from the late-Elizabethan area that focus on the lives and actions of what can be broadly termed the "middling sort." I argue that the part of the play devoted to the rise of Simon Eyre to the office of Lord Mayor of London seeks to historicize the city and its citizens, a narrative effect that is reinforced through the physical dynamics of performing London history on the edges of London itself.
Quantifying axonal loss after optic neuritis with optical coherence tomography
Authors: Costello Fiona , Coupland Stuart , Hodge William , Lorello Gianni R. , Koroluk Jeannie , Pan Y. Irene , Freedman Mark S. , Zackon David H. , Kardon Randy H.
Published: May 2006

Objective

To determine to what degree changes in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness after optic neuritis (ON) correlate with either visual recovery or impairment.

Methods

ON can cause visible defects within the RNFL, which can be quantified using optical coherence tomography (OCT). It may be possible to predict visual recovery by measuring RNFL loss after ON. Fifty‐four patients underwent repeated evaluations with optical coherence tomography and standardized ophthalmic testing after ON. Regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between RNFL thickness and visual function.

Results

Thinning of the RNFL was seen in the majority of patients (74%), and it tended to occur within 3 to 6 months of ON. The average RNFL value was thinner (p < 0.0001) in the affected (78μm) compared with the unaffected eye (100μm). Patients with incomplete visual recovery demonstrated greater RNFL loss after ON. Regression analyses demonstrated a threshold of RNFL thickness (75μm), below which RNFL measurements predicted persistent visual dysfunction.

Interpretation

Determination of RNFL thickness may predict visual recovery after ON, and lower RNFL values correlate with impaired visual function. Optical coherence tomography may have a potential role as a surrogate marker for axonal integrity within the optic nerve among patients with ON. Ann Neurol 2006;59:963–969