bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complement C3 as a potential NAFLD predictor in an Egyptian cohort with diabetes and/or obesity
Authors: Ragab Halla M. , El Maksoud Nabila Abd , Amin Mona A. , Elaziz Wafaa Abd
Published: August 2022

Complement system is becoming increasingly recognized as being intimately tied to obesity and other various metabolic abnormalities linked to it and may be involved in NAFLD. The goal of this study was to see if complement C3 might be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in NAFLD patients. Forty-one NAFLD patients and fourteen age- and gender-matched control individuals were enrolled in this study. All subjects were subjected to abdominal ultrasound examination and clinical assessment with special emphasis on the liver function enzymes, blood glucose levels, lipid profile, and kidney function tests. Non-invasive assessment of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis has evolved using serology-based scoring systems such as the Fibrosis-4 score and NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS). Additionally, serum levels of complement C3 were determined by the ELISA method. In this study, BMI, cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and NFS were all substantially higher in NAFLD patients compared to healthy controls. Moreover, complement C3 was considerably higher in NAFLD cases (1.52±0.29 g/L) vs. healthy controls (0.93±0.289 g/L) (p<0.001). Compared to lean people (0.93±0.29 g/L), the mean complement C3 levels were significantly higher in obese diabetes (1.69±0.29 g/L), obese non-diabetic (1.48±0.174 g/L), and diabetic non-obese patients (1.36±0.28 g/L). Using a cutoff for complement C3 1.135 (g/L) for distinguishing NAFLD patients from healthy controls has a sensitivity of 90.2% and specificity of 78.6%. In conclusion, serum complement C3 may be useful in the identification of fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, complement C3 may be a promising tool for predicting the worsening of liver inflammation.
Significance of the mathematically calculated red cell indices in patients with qualitative and quantitative hemoglobinopathies
Authors: Ahmed Heba A. , Khaled Safaa A. A. , Fahmy Eman M. , Mohammed Nesreen A. , Mahmoud Hamdy F. F.
Published: August 2022

Background

Hemoglobinopathies represent a set of inherited red blood cell (RBCs) disorders, characterized by abnormal hemoglobin molecule. They include qualitative and quantitative hemoglobinopathies, with a structurally abnormal globin chain in the first and defective production in the later. This study assessed, for the first time, the significance of the mathematically calculated RBC indices to identify patients with hemoglobinopathies from normal subjects or iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and to differentiate various types of hemoglobinopathies from each other.

Subjects and methods

The study was a comparative hospital based and included 167 participants with hemoglobinopathies (group 1) and 49 participants with IDA (group 2) as an active comparator. Another 50 healthy volunteers (group 3) were also included. All participants were subjected to medical history, clinical examination, CBC, and HPLC. Next, 10 RBC indices were mathematically calculated from the CBC for each participant.

Results

Gender analysis shows that females represent 36.8% in thalassemia group, 42% in sickle cell disease (SCD) group, and 71.4% in IDA group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve shows that Ehsani index (EI) is the most reliable screening tool for thalassemics because of showing the highest Youden index and specificity of 41.88% and 88.89%, respectively, followed by Shine and Lal index (SL), with Youden index (YI) value, specificity, and sensitivity equal to 39.78%, 69.70%, and 70.09%, respectively. Similar results were found for IDA. For SCD, SL index is the most suitable screening tool. In conclusion, the mathematically calculated RBC indices are available, cheap, reliable, and sensitive tools for screening patients with hemoglobinopathies.
Least-squares reverse time migration via deep learning-based updating operators
Authors: Torres Kristian , Sacchi Mauricio
Published: August 2022

Two common issues of least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) consist of the many iterations required to produce substantial subsurface imaging improvements and the difficulty of choosing adequate regularization strategies with optimal hyperparameters. We investigate how supervised learning can mitigate these shortcomings by solving the LSRTM problem through an iterative deep learning framework inspired by the projected gradient descent algorithm. In particular, we develop an image-to-image approach interlacing the gradient steps at each iteration with blocks of residual convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that capture the prior information in the training phase. By including the least-squares data-misfit gradient into the learning process, we force the solution to comply with the observed seismic data, while the CNN projections implicitly account for the regularization effects that lead to high-resolution reflectivity updates. After training with 900 randomly generated instances, our network ensemble can estimate accurate reflectivity distributions in only a few iterations. To demonstrate the effectiveness and generalization properties of the method, we consider three synthetic cases: a folded and faulted model, the Marmousi model, and the Sigsbee2a model. We empirically find that it is possible to obtain an improved reflectivity model for out-of-distribution instances by using the learned reconstructions as warm starts for the conjugate gradient algorithm and bridging the gap between the learned and conventional LSRTM schemes. Finally, we apply the proposed network with transfer learning on a 2D towed-streamer Gulf of Mexico field data set, producing high-resolution images comparable with traditional LSRTM but drastically reducing the required number of iterations.
The Obfuscation of Native American Presence in the French Atlantic: Natchez Indians in Saint Domingue, 1731–1791
Authors: Smyth Noel E.
Published: August 2022

In 1731 a French army in colonial Louisiana enslaved hundreds of Natchez families and shipped them to Saint-Domingue where they mostly disappear from the written records. This article analyzes tantalizing clues about Natchez families and other Native American slaves on the island during the eighteenth century. By examining slave runaway advertisements, rather than the official records of colonial administrators, it becomes clear that there were hundreds, if not thousands of slaves with Native American ancestry in Saint-Domingue by 1791. Neither the violence of slavery nor the violence of the archive itself can erase the tenacious survival of Natchez people and other Native Americans on the island. In addition to theorizing about the experiences of Natchez slaves, this article suggests that historians can no longer discount the contributions and experiences of Native American people to the history of Saint-Domingue and to the creation of Haiti.
For the Culture
Authors: Harris Christopher Paul
Published: August 2022

Building on the work of Hortense Spillers and others, this article uses the “yet to come” of Black culture as a lens to read the political and cultural interventions of the Movement for Black Lives (M4BL). The “yet to come” also serves as an avenue to consider how, on what terms, and to what end Black political thought has evolved since #BlackLivesMatter emerged. By wielding an unapologetic Black joy as both a capacious embodiment of Black presence and a prefigurative politics that forecasts a world free of antiblackness, M4BL, and its demand for abolition, has shifted the meaning and mode of Black politics and thought. At the same time, when placed in conversation with earlier Black political-cultural formations, Black joy and abolition help crystalize the current conjuncture in Black thought as rooted in a temporality that is simultaneously now, before, and not yet. This multi-temporality follows what Margo Natalie Crawford describes as “the power of anticipation” in the Black radical tradition, facilitating a new correspondence between the Black present and the Black past, one that is attuned to historically situated racial regimes. Put somewhat differently, in its circulatory, its “back and forth flow,” Black culture and Black thought, intramural renderings of Blackness itself, builds and repurposes rather than simply breaks away. Seen through this light, I suggest that M4BL’s politics and culture are not merely pronouncements of the “yet to come” but a philosophical “return to the source”—the radicalism of the colonized and enslaved.
White Carceral Geographies
Authors: Tenorio Sam C.
Published: August 2022

This article examines the spatially destructive practices of the 2020 BLM protest, which can be thought of in two often overlapping classes: broad property destruction—such as the looting of stores and burning of buildings—and the targeted toppling of monuments. Specifically, this article draws on the tools of black political thought, anarchist theory, as well as geography and carceral studies to argue that these practices offer a black anarchist critique of the governance of white carceral geographies, often hidden in Western cover stories of development and security formulated under (neo)liberal democracy. In clarifying the conceptual landscape of this relationship, this article also uses January 6 to lay plain the symbiotic bond of white nationalism to the United States’ white identity and detail how this white riot encapsulates an injunction antithetical to the critical charge autochthonous of the radically destructive practices of black politics.
Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Perfluoroalkyl Ketones via Perfluoroalkylation of Esters Using HFC-23 and HFC-125 under a KHMDS–Triglyme System
Authors: Fujihira Yamato , Iwasaki Hiroto , Sumii Yuji , Adachi Hiroaki , Kagawa Takumi , Shibata Norio
Published: August 2022

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are widely used as cooling agents in refrigerators and air conditioners and as solvents in industrial processes. However, their application has been restricted by their high global warming potential. Thus, strategies for HFC decomposition and effective utilization are urgently required. Herein, we describe a method for the chemical transformation of two HFCs, viz. HFC-23 and HFC-125, based on the continuous-flow perfluoroalkylation of esters to synthesize the pharmaceutically and agrochemically vital trifluoromethyl and pentafluoroethyl ketones. The combination of a potassium base and a glyme solvent system is found to be the most effective. The proposed method is attractive for industrial use because it allows the consumption of a large volume of HFCs, promotes the synthesis of high-value medicinal compounds, and serves as an ideal alternative to the current HFC decomposition processes like thermal plasma treatment.
Middle mesial root canals in mandibular molars: prevalence and correlation to anatomical aspects based on CBCT imaging
Authors: Barros-Costa Matheus , Ferreira Matheus Diniz , Costa Felipe Ferreira , Freitas Deborah Queiroz
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence of middle mesial root canal (MMC) in a Brazilian subpopulation, verify whether its presence is related to anatomical characteristics of the tooth, and propose a classification using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods:

CBCT scans of 284 patients were evaluated by 2 radiologists to determine the presence of the MMC in mandibular first and second molars. Subsequently, the mesiodistal and buccolingual measurements of the mesial roots were obtained; the measurements between the root canals, and from MMC to the mesiobuccal canal and to the mesiolingual canal were also obtained. The MMC was classified according to its relationship with mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals. The data were analyzed using χ2 and Fisher’s exact test, multiple logistic regression analysis, Student’s t-test, κ and intraclass correlation coefficient (p < 0.05).

Results:

The intraexaminer agreements for the presence of the MMC and the measurements were considered almost perfect (0.953 and 0.999, respectively). Of 216 mandibular first molars, 11.1% had the MMC, and of 228 mandibular second molars, only 1.75% had the MMC. The presence was significant higher in the mandibular first molar (p < 0.0001). The buccolingual measurement and the measurement between mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals were higher in teeth with MMC (p = 0.024 and p = 0.005, respectively). It was possible to classify the configuration of MCC into four types: independent (60.7%), confluent (14.3%), mesiolingual confluent (14.3%), and mesiobuccal confluent (10.7%).

Conclusions:

The prevalence of MMC is more pronounced in mandibular first molars and anatomical measurements, such as greater measurement between mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals, may alert clinicians to its presence. It was found four types of configurations of MMC.
Prediction performance of serum placental growth factor (PLGF) human chorionic gonadotropin β (β-hCG) and PAPP-A levels in early pregnancy for pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Guo Xiao , Wang Feng , Li Jing , Guo Zhankun , Wang Jing
Published: August 2022

Objectives: To investigate the prediction performance of serum placental growth factor (PLGF), free human chorionic gonadotropin β (β-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) levels in early pregnancy for pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: A total of 4256 pregnant women who underwent obstetric examinations in our hospital from June 2018 to June 2020 and completed their full pregnancy were included in the study. The clinical pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women with different PLGF, PAPP-A and β-hCG levels in early pregnancy were recorded, and the prediction performance of the above indicators for adverse pregnancy outcomes was discussed.

Results: Pregnant women with increased or decreased PLGF or increased PAPP-A or β-hCG had significantly higher incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes than normal pregnant women. Pregnant women with abnormal pregnancy had significantly higher β-hCG and PLGF, and lower PAPP-A than those with normal pregnancy. The sensitivity of serum PLGF, β-hCG and PAPP-A in early pregnancy for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes was 95.13%, 94.19% and 97.75%, and the specificity was 84.31%, 85.80% and 83.22%, respectively.

Conclusions: Serum PLGF, PAPP-A and β-hCG in early pregnancy are more effective in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes. Clinical monitoring of patients with increased PLGF, decreased PAPP-A, and increased β-hCG should be strengthened, especially the monitoring of antepartum examination and B-ultrasound detection of pregnant women with abnormal indicators in middle and late pregnancy, so as to identify adverse pregnancy outcomes as early as possible and give targeted intervention.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5248

How to cite this:Guo X, Wang F, Li J, Guo Z, Wang J. Prediction performance of serum placental growth factor (PLGF) human chorionic gonadotropin β (β-hCG) and PAPP-A levels in early pregnancy for pregnancy outcomes. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(7):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5248

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The effects of Anisodamine-Tirofiban Combined Therapy in acute myocardial infarction treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
Authors: Jiao Yan , Fu Xiaoying , Liu Qingxin , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2022

Objectives: To study the effects of anisodamine-tirofiban combined therapy on cardiac function and serological expression of serum NGF and ESM-1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: Eighty patients with myocardial infarction treated in Cangzhou Medical College, Hebei, China from February 2015 to April 2017 were selected and divided into the control group and the research group according to the principle of random draw, 40 patients per group. The patients in the control group received symptomatic routine treatment, while the patients in the research group received anisodamine-tirofiban combined therapy on the top of symptomatic routine treatment. Differences between the two groups in TIMI flow grades, cardiac function, levels of NGF and ESM-1 and adverse response were observed.

Results: The recovery of cardiac function in the research group was statistically significant with P value (p<0.05) and better than the control group in TIMI flow grades, myocardial perfusion capacity and cardiac function. The serological indicators in the research group had a higher level of NGF and a lower level of ESM-1 than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). In terms of safety, neither group showed significant hepatorenal disorders.

Conclusion: The combined treatment of anisodamine-tirofiban in patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can recover NGF and ESM-1 related proteins, improve postoperative myocardial perfusion, and accelerate the recovery of cardiac function. It is worth promoting in clinic.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5410

How to cite this:Jiao Y, Fu X, Liu Q, Zhang W. The effects of Anisodamine-Tirofiban Combined Therapy in acute myocardial infarction treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(7):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5410

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Finite Difference Gradient Approximation: To Randomize or Not?
Authors: Scheinberg Katya
Published: August 2022

We discuss two classes of methods of approximating gradients of noisy black box functions—the classical finite difference method and recently popular randomized finite difference methods. Despite of the popularity of the latter, we argue that it is unclear whether the randomized schemes have an advantage over the traditional methods when employed inside an optimization method. We point to theoretical and practical evidence that show that the opposite is true at least in a general optimization setting. We then pose the question of whether a particular setting exists when the advantage of the new method may be clearly shown, at least numerically. The larger underlying challenge is a development of black box optimization methods that scale well with the problem dimension.
The Leverage Factor: Credit Cycles and Asset Returns
Authors: Davis Josh , Taylor Alan M.
Published: August 2022

Research has found strong links between past credit booms and adverse outcomes for macroeconomic aggregates like output and investment. However, are price impacts also seen more widely in broad asset classes such as equity and fixed-income markets? We document such a robust and significant connection using a large sample of historical data for many advanced countries since 1870. Credit boom periods with a high “leverage factor” tend to be predictably followed by unusually low returns to risky equities, in absolute terms and relative to a safe fixed-income portfolio. Fixed income is a safe haven at these times and has slightly higher than normal returns. We show these properties hold in-sample and out-of-sample. Return predictability because of the leverage factor is distinct from that because of momentum (lagged return) and value (cashflow relative to price). Trading strategies built on the leverage factor accrue meaningful excess profits out-of-sample.

This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance.
Technical Note—The Elliptical Potential Lemma for General Distributions with an Application to Linear Thompson Sampling
Authors: Hamidi Nima , Bayati Mohsen
Published: August 2022

A General Elliptical Potential Lemma

In sequential learning and decision-making problems, the elliptical potential lemma is a key technique to quantify the decrease in the uncertainty of the model as more observations are obtained. However, it requires the observation noise and prior distribution of the unknown parameters to be Gaussian. In “The Elliptical Potential Lemma for General Distributions with an Application to Linear Thompson Sampling,” N. Hamidi and M. Bayati introduce a general version of the elliptical potential lemma that relaxes the Gaussian assumption. They also apply their general lemma to prove a minimax optimal Bayesian regret bound for the well-known Thompson sampling algorithm in stochastic linear bandits with changing action sets where prior and noise distributions are general.
Anticipatory grief and bereavement: the perspective of an individual with autism
Authors: Barber Christopher
Published: August 2022

Much has been written around the meaning and impact of grief and grieving on people's lives following the death of a person, and anticipatory grief/grieving is receiving increased attention in nursing and healthcare. However, the impact of anticipatory grief on an autistic male adult has received far less research exposure than that of neurotypical (non-autistic) adults. This article, ‘written’ in the form of a letter by the author to community nurses, seeks to address this. The intention is to initiate reflective discussions around anticipatory grief and grieving, as current and future support will be stimulated on the part of community nurses through dialogue between those on the autistic spectrum and community nurses. Ultimately, the aim of this article is to help improve the support provided by community nurses to autistic individuals.
Multiple sclerosis, disease modifying therapies and pregnancy
Authors: Judge-Clayden Florence , Iyer Priyanka , Williams Anna , Murray Katy , Dobson Ruth
Published: August 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects women more commonly than men and is often diagnosed between 25 and 37 years of age. Therefore, at the time of diagnosis, many people have not finished trying for a family, and the person with MS often faces questions regarding their disease and the use of treatments when pregnant and breastfeeding. This review provides practical advice and guidance for MS and neurology nurses to help them support people with MS and their families throughout their family planning and pregnancy journeys.
Applying Peer Tutor Learning and Interactive Case Methods in Online Learning: Its Effect on Student Activities and Learning Outcomes
Authors: Nurkhin Ahmad , Santoso Jarot Tri Bowo , Baswara Satsya Yoga , Harsono Harsono , Wolor Christian Wiradendi
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to increase student activity and learning outcomes by applying peer tutor learning methods combined with interactive case methods in online learning mode through Electronic Learning Aid (ELENA) and Zoom meeting. This study was carried out with a classroom action research (CAR) design in three cycles of implementation. This study was carried out in the even semester of 2020/2021 in the Cost Accounting course. Data collection methods used are documentation, observation, and tests. Student learning activities in online learning through ELENA and Zoom meetings have been recorded to show changes and improvements in the quality of student learning activities. The data analysis method used is quantitative descriptive analysis. The application of the peer tutor learning with the interactive case methods has been going well through the Zoom meeting and ELENA and is able to have an impact on student activities and learning outcomes in the Cost Accounting course. The increase in student learning activities can be seen in the increased ability of students to ask questions, provide responses or answers, and express opinions or ideas during lectures. Student learning outcomes also experienced a significant increase, which was 7.5%. Students who act as tutors can carry out their duties well.
A Literature Review of the Project-based Teaching Method in the Education of Vietnam
Authors: Duc Ca-Nguyen , Thi Phuong-Ngo , Hoang Thang-Ngoc , Thanh Thuy-Nguyen Thi , The Thang-Nguyen
Published: August 2022

The teaching method is one of the main aspects to make a huge contribution to the success of any education system, and project-based teaching (PBL) is an important aspect to contribute to the success of education also. This research was conducted through a review of project-based teaching that has been used in the education system of Vietnam, including a sample, and setting that included imperial and theoretical literature selected from the fields of education. Findings show that this method has been applied to various sectors of education, from kindergarten education to higher education, in many disciplines and subjects, in schools and educational settings, and has become more widely popular than ever. This method, however, has its drawbacks because it takes time to master and teachers need more skills to manage the learning atmosphere. This method has been commonly accepted as one that can help teachers and learners understand more and get more benefits in the learning and teaching process.
Short Communication: Molecular study of bacteria isolated from meat and chicken frozen from Misan Governorate market in Iraq
Authors: HUSAIN DUAA ALI , AZIZ ZAHID SA'DOON
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Husain DA, Aziz ZS. 2021. Short Communication: Molecular study of bacteria isolated from meat and chicken frozen from Misan Governorate market in Iraq. Biodiversitas 23: 81-86. Food contamination is frequently defined as spoiled or tainted foods because they contain microorganisms, such as fungi, bacteria, parasites, or toxic substances that make them unfit for consumption. In this study, one hundred meat and chicken Frozen products samples were collected randomly from the commercial markets in Misan Governorate, Iraq from November 2020 to April 2021, included: (burger – sausage – kebab – shawarma – minced meat) of meat and (chest-thigh-liver-burger-kebab) of Chicken. The results of aerobic plate count showed that all meat and chicken products were contaminated with bacteria, but the imported products were more contaminated than the local products. Our study included the isolation and diagnosis of eighteen bacterial species by using routine and standard bacteriological tests. The results showed that Gram-negative bacteria were common in meat products (52%) and Gram-positive bacteria represented 48%. In chicken samples, the Gram-positive bacteria was most dominant (59%) while the percentage of Gram-negative bacteria was 41%. Monoplex PCR was used to identify eighteen bacterial strains using a universal 16S rRNA primer that gave 1500 bp amplification product, nucleotide sequences were studied at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (Nucleotide BLAST). The diagnosed bacteria were Aeromonas veronii, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, Acinetobacter lwofii, Aeromonas veronii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas japonica, Pseudomonas songnenensis, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae, Psychrobacter sanguinis, Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, Acinetobacter lwofii, Lysinibacillus boronitolerans, Bacillus licheniformis, Enterobacter hormaechei, Pseudomonas putida strain, Serratia liquefaciens strain, Comamonas testosterone strain, and Methylogaea oryzae strain which recorded in the Gene Bank belong to different accession numbers.
Novel microbial transformation of Andrographis paniculata by Aspergillus oryzae K1A
Authors: HANDAYANI RINI , DINOTO ACHMAD , BINTANG MARIA
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Handayani R, Dinoto A, Bintang M. 2021. Novel microbial transformation of Andrographis paniculata by Aspergillus oryzae K1A. Biodiversitas 23: 110-117. Microbial transformation is a powerful technique for altering organic substances with complex chemical structures. Aspergillus has been found to produce secondary metabolites from biotransformation products of various medicinal plants. Andrographis paniculata Nees. or sambiloto is an Asian traditional medicinal plant. This study aimed to investigate the microbial transformation of A. paniculata by Aspergillus oryzae K1A. The leaf of A. paniculata was fermented by A. oryzae K1A. Microorganisms were transferred into the ?asks from the slants. The ?asks were placed on rotary shakers, operating at 120 rpm at 37°C. 0.2ml of the substrate solution was added into the fermentation ?asks and these ?asks were maintained under the same conditions and sampling was carried out each day of 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14. The samples were analyzed by TLC, HPLC, and the LC-MS/MS method to evaluate the biotransformation products. The TLC analysis showed different spots of A. paniculata fermented and non-fermented on days of 7 to 14 th and the Rf value was disappeared. The peaks of A. paniculata fermented and non-fermented were relatively similar on days of 0 to 1 incubation and the concentrations of A. paniculata fermented and non-fermented were increased during incubation time in the HPLC analysis. The chromatograms LC-MS/MS study showed different peaks between A. paniculata fermentation and non-fermentation on 3 to 14 days of incubation, and new secondary metabolites picrasidine K (C18H23N3O2); bufotalinin (C24H30O6); and ?-carboline were shown in the table of A. paniculata fermented.
Aneuk Jamee traditional foods in the South Aceh District, Indonesia
Authors: SYAMSUARDI SYAMSUARDI , NURAINAS NURAINAS , TAUFIQ AHMAD , HARMAWAN TISNA , SUWARDI ADI BEJO
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Syamsuardi, Nurainas, Taufiq A, Harmawan T, Suwardi AB. 2021. Aneuk Jamee traditional foods in the South Aceh District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 443-454. The traditional foods of the Aneuk Jamee Tribe have a long history and unique traditions passed down for thousands of years. However, a lack of information about indigenous and traditional foods of the Aneuk Jamee Tribe will lead to a decline in local knowledge of traditional foods, particularly among the younger generation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the variety of Aneuk Jamee traditional foods in the South Aceh District of Indonesia. The study was conducted in South Aceh, Indonesia, Labuhan Haji Timur, Kota Bahagia, and Kluet Selatan Sub-districts. The study involved 90 respondents (30 from each sub-district) chosen at random. The interview was conducted using a questionnaire covering the respondents' backgrounds, traditional food names, food composition, mode of preparation, and uses. As a result, 52 Aneuk Jamee's traditional foods were identified from three sub-districts of South Aceh District, including 41 types of traditional cuisine and 11 types of traditional snacks. All respondents recognised Gulai ciik minyak, Gulai taleh, Gulai paku, Gulai cabadak, Gulai kabau, Gulai kambieng, Gulai ikan panjang, Gulai kitang, Kue kakareh, Limpieng sagu, and Limpieng ubi as Aneuk Jamee traditional foods. On the other hand, less than 20% of respondents were familiar with other traditional foods, such as Lamang ubi. The Aneuk Jamee Tribe has an excellent system for passing down traditional knowledge from generation to generation. Fifty-six plant species consisting of 47 genera and 28 families were used as Aneuk Jamee traditional food. The Aneuk Jamee Tribe prepares various foods from various plant species to maintain their health and contribute to household income and conservation efforts.
Effect of soil properties on plant growth and diversity at various ages of coal mine reclamation in Indonesia
Authors: YUNANTO TEDI , AMANAH FARISATUL , WULANSARI AYU RATNA , WISNU NABILA PUTRI
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Yunanto T, Amanah F, Wulansari AR, Wisnu NP. 2021. Effect of soil properties on plant growth and diversity at various ages of coal mine reclamation in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 459-468. Soil is an essential element for plants to grow. Therefore, it is important to understand the influence of soil properties, especially physical and chemical, on plant growth in coal mine reclamation areas. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and diversity of plants at various ages of reclamation and analyze the factors that most influence their growth and diversity. The study analyzed four soil physical properties and eight soil chemical properties. The research was conducted in mine reclamation areas with different ages: 1, 4, 6, 9, and 11-year-old-plantations for vegetation analysis and soil collection. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis was performed using PAST 4.0 statistics program to analyze the data. The results showed that the 9-year-old plantation had the highest mean Shannon Wiener Index (H’= 1.52), mean basal area (35.04 m2/ha), and mean density (469 trees/ha), while the 4-year-old plantation had the highest mean diameter (28.42 cm). The 1-year-old plantation had the highest clay content of 56.28% and the lowest pH of 3.27. The physical properties of the soil affected the growth rate and diversity of the reclamation area more than the chemical properties of the soil. This can be seen from the cumulative proportion of the two PCA values that described the original condition of 71.20% for soil physical properties and 63.10% for soil chemical properties. Based on this study, bulk density affected the diversity while pH impacted other soil chemical properties.
Evaluation of the advanced yield trial on tropical wheat (Triticum aestivum) mutant lines using selection index and multivariate analysis
Authors: FADLI MUH , FARID MUH , YASSI AMIR , NASARUDDIN NASARUDDIN , ANSHORI MUHAMMAD FUAD , NUR AMIN , SURATMAN SURATMAN
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Fadli M, Farid M, Yassi A, Nasaruddin, Anshori MF, Nur A, Suratman. 2021. Evaluation of the advanced yield trial on tropical wheat (Triticum aestivum) mutant lines using selection index and multivariate analysis. Biodiversitas 23: 540-547. The development of adaptive wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mutant lines in tropical climate is a long-term solution. The advanced yield trial is an important stage in this development, which is carried out using a selection index and multivariate analysis. This study aims to determine the selection effectiveness of tropical wheat mutant lines by using a selection index and multivariate analysis. the study was conducted in three locations, which included two locations for the follow-up yield test in Kelara Village and Ujung Bulu Village (South Sulawesi, Indonesia), and the third location for the selection validation in Padang Magek Village (West Sumatra, Indonesia). This study was designed by a nested Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with replications nested in locations. The samples included 16 wheat genotypes (13 mutant lines and three comparison varieties) that were replicated three times. The result showed that the selection of tropical wheat mutant lines using selection index and multivariate analysis were considered effectively with high determination value of 0.57 (57%). The results of the selection index show that seven lines were recommended for multi-location trials since they had a better selection index potential than Dewata variety.
Pollen morphology of some species in family Amaranthaceae from Thailand
Authors: SAENSOUK SURAPON , SAENSOUK PIYAPORN
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Saensouk S, Saensouk P. 2021. Pollen morphology of some species in family Amaranthaceae from Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 601-611. The aim of this study was to study the pollen morphology of 14 species, eight genera from the family Amaranthaceae in Thailand by the applied acetolysis method and it was taken under light and scanning electron microcopies. All pollen grains had monad, radial symmetry and apolar. The pollens in this study can be divided into several groups based on shape, size, aperture, mesoporia, the character of aperture, and exine sculpturing. The sizes of the pollen can be divided into three groups, i.e., very small pollen group, small pollen group, and medium pollen group. The shapes of the pollen can be divided into three groups, i.e., spheroidal, pentagon, and dodecahedric. Exine sculpturing can be divided into three groups, i.e., granular, macrogranular, and microspine. The pollen in this study can be divided into five groups based on the character of the aperture, i.e., aperture with convex circular-like shape, aperture with deeply collapsed circular-like shape, aperture with collapsed circular-like shape, aperture with collapsed pentagon-like shape, and 6-angular element or hexagon-like shape. The pollen in this study can be divided into three groups based on the mesoporia, i.e., mesoporia broadly flat, mesoporia moderately and broadly vaulted, and mesoporia narrow and highly vaulted. The number of apertures was found to be between 12-54 apertures per pollen. The aperture diameters of Amaranthaceae pollen in this study ranged from 0.5-5 µm. The exine thickness of the pollen in this study was 1.12±0.04 - 2.14±0.31 µm. The pollen character of this study can be divided into eight types, i.e., Achyranthes-type, Alternanthera-type,  Amaranthus-type, Celosia-type, Cyathula-type, Gomphrena-type, Ouret-type, and Psilotrichum-type. The pollen characteristic of Alternanthera pungens Kunth, A. Sessilis (L.) R. BR., Amaranthus blitum subsp. oleraceus (L.) Costea, Cyathula prostrate (L.) Blume., Ouret sanguinolenta (L.) Kuntze, and Psilotrichum ferrugineum (Roxb.) Voigt were reported for the first time.
Deep learning-based classification of the anterior chamber angle in glaucoma gonioscopy
Authors: Zhou Quan , Guo Jingmin , Chen Zhiqi , Chen Wei , Deng Chaohua , Yu Tian , Li Fei , Yan Xiaoqin , Hu Tian , Wang Linhao , Rong Yan , Ding Mingyue , Wang Junming , Zhang Xuming
Published: August 2022

In the proposed network, the features were first extracted from the gonioscopically obtained anterior segment photographs using the densely-connected high-resolution network. Then the useful information is further strengthened using the hybrid attention module to improve the classification accuracy. Between October 30, 2020, and January 30, 2021, a total of 146 participants underwent glaucoma screening. One thousand seven hundred eighty original images of the ACA were obtained with the gonioscope and slit lamp microscope. After data augmentation, 4457 images are used for the training and validation of the HahrNet, and 497 images are used to evaluate our algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed HahrNet exhibits a good performance of 96.2% accuracy, 99.0% specificity, 96.4% sensitivity, and 0.996 area under the curve (AUC) in classifying the ACA test dataset. Compared with several deep learning-based classification methods and nine human readers of different levels, the HahrNet achieves better or more competitive performance in terms of accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. Indeed, the proposed ACA classification method will provide an automatic and accurate technology for the grading of glaucoma.
Real-time correction of image rotation with adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy
Authors: Hu Xinqi , Yang Qiang
Published: August 2022

Fixational eye motion includes typical translation and torsion. In the registration of images from adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO), image rotation due to eye torsion and/or head rotation is often ignored because (a) the amount of rotation is trivial compared to translation within a short duration of imaging or recording time and (b) computational cost increases substantially when the registration algorithm involves simultaneous detection of rotation and translation. However, it becomes critically important under cases such as long exposure, functional measurements, and precise motion tracking. We developed a fast method to detect and correct rotation from AOSLO images, together with the detection of strip-level motion translation. The computational cost for rotation detection and correction alone is about 5 ms/frame (

512

×

512

pixels) on an nVidia GTX960M GPU. Image quality is compared with and without rotation correction from 10 healthy human subjects and 8 diseased eyes with a total of 180 videos. The results show that residual image motions between the reference images and the registered images with rotation correction are a fraction of those without rotation correction, and the ratio is 0.74–0.89 at the image center and 0.37–0.51 at the four corners of the images.
Dual hollow-core negative curvature fiber polarization beam splitter covering the O + E + S + C + L communication band
Authors: Ni Yueting , Yuan Jinhui , Qiu Shi , Zhou Guiyao , Xia Changming , Zhou Xian , Yan Binbin , Wu Qiang , Wang Kuiru , Sang Xinzhu , Yu Chongxiu
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a dual hollow-core negative curvature fiber is proposed for the polarization beam splitter. The effects of the structure parameters of the dual hollow-core negative curvature fiber on the coupling length and coupling length ratio of the

x

-polarized and

y

-polarized core modes and the higher-order mode extinction ratio are analyzed by the finite element method. Moreover, the normalized output powers of the

x

-polarized and

y

-polarized modes in the cores A and B and the corresponding extinction ratio are also investigated by the mode coupling theory. The simulation results show that a dual hollow-core negative curvature fiber polarization beam splitter with the length of 6.45 cm can achieve a broad bandwidth of 400 nm (1.23–1.63 µm), covering the

O

+

E

+

S

+

C

+

L

communication band. In addition, the higher-order mode extinction ratio is greater than 100 in the considered wavelength range, which means that it has good single-mode characteristics. It is believed that the proposed dual hollow-core negative curvature fiber polarization beam splitter will have significant applications in the optical communication system.
Generation of polarization entanglement via the quantum Zeno effect
Authors: Nodurft Ian C. , Shaw Harry C. , Glasser Ryan T. , Kirby Brian T. , Searles Thomas A.
Published: August 2022

The quantum Zeno effect reveals that continuous observation of a quantum system can significantly alter its evolution. Here, we present a method for establishing polarization entanglement between two initially unentangled photons in coupled waveguides via the quantum Zeno effect. We support our analytical investigation with numerical simulations of the underlying Schrodinger equation describing the system. Further, we extend our technique to three coupled waveguides in a planar configuration and determine the parameters required to generate three-qubit W-states. In contrast to existing schemes based on a vacuum and single-photon encoding, the polarization encoding in our approach is compatible with quantum information protocols that remove photon loss through post-selection. Our findings offer a powerful quantum state engineering approach for photonic quantum information technologies.
Resonant two-photon terahertz quantum cascade laser
Authors: Talukder Muhammad Anisuzzaman , Dean Paul , Linfield Edmund H. , Davies A. Giles
Published: August 2022

Lasers that can emit two photons from a single electron relaxation between two states of the same parity have been discussed since the early days of the laser era. However, such lasers have seen only limited success, mainly due to a lack of suitable gain medium. We propose that terahertz (THz) frequency quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are an ideal semiconductor structure to realize such two-photon emissions. In this work, we present a THz QCL heterostructure designed to emit two resonant photons from each electronic relaxation between two same-parity states in the active region. We present coupled Maxwell-Bloch equations that describe the dynamics of such a two-photon laser and find analytical solutions for the steady-state light intensity, the steady-state energy-resolved carrier densities, and the total threshold carrier density. Due to the two-photon emission from each excited state relaxation and an increased photon-driven carrier transport rate, our simulations predict a significant enhancement of light intensity in our designed resonant two-photon THz QCL when compared to an exemplar conventional THz QCL structure.
Planar Alvarez tunable lens based on polymetric liquid crystal Pancharatnam-Berry optical elements
Authors: Chen Shuyi , Lin Junhao , He Ziqian , Li Yan , Su Yikai , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: August 2022

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have widespread applications. The vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC), which causes 3D visual fatigue, has become an urgent challenge for VR and AR displays. Alvarez lenses, with precise and continuously tunable focal length based on the lateral shift of its two sub-elements, are a promising candidate as the key electro-optical component in vari-focal AR display systems to solve the VAC problem. In this paper, we propose and fabricate a compact Alvarez lens based on planar polymetric liquid crystal Pancharatnam-Berry optical elements. It can provide continuous diopter change from -1.4 D to 1.4 D at the wavelength of 532 nm with the lateral shift ranging from -5 mm to 5 mm. We also demonstrate an AR display system using this proposed Alvarez lens, where virtual images are augmented on the real world at different depths.
Dual-channel refractive index sensor based on coupling between LP01 and LP11 modes in the tapered hole-assisted dual-core fiber
Authors: Jin Yuan , Yang Jing , Guan Chunying , Chen Hongzhou , Shi Jinhui , Li Ping , Yang Jun , Yuan Libo
Published: August 2022

We propose a refractive index (RI) sensor based on a tapered hole-assisted dual-core fiber (HADCF). The sensor is fabricated by splicing a tapered HADCF between two single-mode fibers and operates on the coupling between the fundamental mode and the low-order mode in two cores. The HADCF is tapered to meet the phase matching condition between the fundamental mode (LP01) in the central core and the low-order mode (LP11) in the eccentric core. The tapered waist of the fiber becomes thinner; the coupling wavelength has a blue shift. Glycerin solutions of different RIs were injected into the air hole. The RI sensitivity of 936.69 nm/RIU is obtained in the RI range of 1.335-1.360. The multi-channel RI sensor cascaded by HADCFs with different taper lengths is obtained and can simultaneously measure the RI of different solutions. The proposed device has the advantages of high sensitivity, simple structure, and stable performance. The special microfluidic channel in the HADCF can protect the tested solution from external environmental pollution.
Investigation of noise-like pulse evolution in normal dispersion fiber lasers mode-locked by nonlinear polarization rotation
Authors: Zhou Yuntao , Chu Xinyu , Qian Yimiu , Liang Chenhao , Komarov Andrey , Tang Xiahui , Tang Ming , Zhu Haiyong , Zhao Luming
Published: August 2022

Transition from a gain-guided soliton (GGS) to a fully developed noise-like pulse (NLP) is numerically demonstrated in fiber lasers operated in the normal dispersion regime, which explains well the experimental observation of spectrum evolution that the bottom of the averaged spectrum gradually broadens with pump power increasing. Numerical results suggest that the transition could also happen under the condition of cavity linear phase delay bias change with fixed pump power. It is demonstrated that the peak power clamping effect and the normal dispersion are the key factors leading to the spectrum evolution. In addition, intermittent meta-stable states between GGS and NLP can be obtained when the cavity dispersion is chosen at small normal dispersion.
Broadband metasurface aberration correctors for hybrid meta/refractive MWIR lenses: publisher’s note
Authors: Shih Ko-Han , Renshaw C. Kyle
Published: August 2022

This publisher’s note contains corrections to [Opt. Express 30, 28438 (2022)10.1364/OE.460941].