bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agreement Analysis: What He Said, She Said Versus You Said
Authors: Vetter Thomas R. , Schober Patrick
Published: April 2018

Correlation and agreement are 2 concepts that are widely applied in the medical literature and clinical practice to assess for the presence and strength of an association. However, because correlation and agreement are conceptually distinct, they require the use of different statistics. Agreement is a concept that is closely related to but fundamentally different from and often confused with correlation. The idea of agreement refers to the notion of reproducibility of clinical evaluations or biomedical measurements. The intraclass correlation coefficient is a commonly applied measure of agreement for continuous data. The intraclass correlation coefficient can be validly applied specifically to assess intrarater reliability and interrater reliability. As its name implies, the Lin concordance correlation coefficient is another measure of agreement or concordance. In undertaking a comparison of a new measurement technique with an established one, it is necessary to determine whether they agree sufficiently for the new to replace the old. Bland and Altman demonstrated that using a correlation coefficient is not appropriate for assessing the interchangeability of 2 such measurement methods. They in turn described an alternative approach, the since widely applied graphical Bland–Altman Plot, which is based on a simple estimation of the mean and standard deviation of differences between measurements by the 2 methods. In reading a medical journal article that includes the interpretation of diagnostic tests and application of diagnostic criteria, attention is conventionally focused on aspects like sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios. However, if the clinicians who interpret the test cannot agree on its interpretation and resulting typically dichotomous or binary diagnosis, the test results will be of little practical use. Such agreement between observers (interobserver agreement) about a dichotomous or binary variable is often reported as the kappa statistic. Assessing the interrater agreement between observers, in the case of ordinal variables and data, also has important biomedical applicability. Typically, this situation calls for use of the Cohen weighted kappa. Questionnaires, psychometric scales, and diagnostic tests are widespread and increasingly used by not only researchers but also clinicians in their daily practice. It is essential that these questionnaires, scales, and diagnostic tests have a high degree of agreement between observers. It is therefore vital that biomedical researchers and clinicians apply the appropriate statistical measures of agreement to assess the reproducibility and quality of these measurement instruments and decision-making processes.
The Brachiocephalic Vein as a Safe and Viable Alternative to Internal Jugular Vein for Central Venous Cannulation
Authors: Beccaria Paolo Federico , Silvetti Simona , Lembo Rosalba , Landoni Giovanni , Monti Giacomo , Zambon Massimo , Mamo Daniela , Zangrillo Alberto
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:

Although many studies have compared success and complication rates for central line insertion sites with and without ultrasound, few have examined the use of the brachiocephalic vein for central venous access. The aim of this study was to describe the brachiocephalic vein as an alternative site for elective ultrasound vascular cannulation in adults, and to compare it with the more commonly used internal jugular vein site in terms of procedural difficulties, first pass failure rate, overall failure rate, and safety.

METHODS:

In this single-center, retrospective cohort study, clinical data from consecutive adult patients undergoing elective ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization of upper body were retrieved from the department database. All of these central venous catheters were requested by department team, none was positioned for surgery. Seven hundred nine patients underwent central venous catheterization via the internal jugular approach and 285 patients via the brachiocephalic route. Patients catheterized via the brachiocephalic vein approach were then compared with those catheterized via the internal jugular vein in terms of ease of catheterization, success rate, and complications. Differences between approaches were assessed by univariate analyses and multivariable analysis.

RESULTS:

Overall, 994 patients underwent central venous catheterization. A total of 87% had a successful catheter implantation at the first attempt, 6.7% of insertions were difficult, 5.7% were complicated, and 3.4% failed. Procedural difficulty was more frequent with the internal jugular than with the brachiocephalic approach (odds ratio, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.19–0.76; P = .007) after correction for potential confounders. Differences between groups in complication rate (6.3% vs 4.1%) or failure rate (3.4% vs 3.5%) were not significant.

CONCLUSIONS:

Brachiocephalic cannulation is a reasonable alternative to ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein catheterization.
Collagen 18 and agrin are secreted by enteric neural crest cells to remodel their microenvironment and regulate their migration during ENS development
Authors: Nagy Nandor , Barad Csilla , Hotta Ryo , Bhave Sukhada , Arciero Emily , Dora David , Goldstein Allan M.
Published: April 2018

The enteric nervous system arises from neural crest cells that migrate, proliferate, and differentiate into enteric neurons and glia within the intestinal wall. Many extracellular matrix (ECM) components are present in the embryonic gut, but their role in regulating ENS development is largely unknown. Here, we identify heparan sulfate proteoglycan proteins, including collagen 18 (Col18) and agrin, as important regulators of enteric neural crest-derived cell (ENCDC) development. In developing avian hindgut, Col18 is expressed at the ENCDC wavefront, while agrin expression occurs later. Both proteins are normally present around enteric ganglia, but are absent in aganglionic gut. Using chick-mouse intestinal chimeras and enteric neurospheres, we show that vagal- and sacral-derived ENCDCs from both species secrete Col18 and agrin. While glia express Col18 and agrin, enteric neurons only express the latter. Functional studies demonstrate that Col18 is permissive while agrin is strongly inhibitory to ENCDC migration, consistent with the timing of their expression during ENS development. We conclude that ENCDCs govern their own migration by actively remodeling their microenvironment through secretion of ECM proteins.
14-3-3 proteins regulate desmosomal adhesion via plakophilins
Authors: Rietscher Katrin , Keil René , Jordan Annemarie , Hatzfeld Mechthild
Published: April 2018

Desmosomes are essential for strong intercellular adhesion and are abundant in tissues exposed to mechanical strain. At the same time, desmosomes need to be dynamic to allow for remodeling of epithelia during differentiation or wound healing. Phosphorylation of desmosomal plaque proteins appears to be essential for desmosome dynamics. However, the mechanisms of how context-dependent post-translational modifications regulate desmosome formation, dynamics or stability are incompletely understood. Here, we show that growth factor signaling regulates the phosphorylation-dependent association of plakophilins 1 and 3 (PKP1 and PKP3) with 14-3-3 protein isoforms, and uncover unique and partially antagonistic functions of members of the 14-3-3 family in the regulation of desmosomes. 14-3-3γ associated primarily with cytoplasmic PKP1 phosphorylated at S155 and destabilized intercellular cohesion of keratinocytes by reducing its incorporation into desmosomes. In contrast, 14-3-3σ (also known as stratifin, encoded by SFN) interacted preferentially with S285-phosphorylated PKP3 to promote its accumulation at tricellular contact sites, leading to stable desmosomes. Taken together, our study identifies a new layer of regulation of intercellular adhesion by 14-3-3 proteins.
Prevalence of chloroquine and antifolate drug resistance alleles in Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates from three areas in Ghana
Authors: Abugri James , Ansah Felix , Asante Kwaku P. , Opoku Comfort N. , Amenga-Etego Lucas A. , Awandare Gordon A.
Published: April 2018

Background: The emergence and spread of resistance in Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine (CQ) and the antifolate drug sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) necessitated the change from CQ to artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) as first-line drug for the management of uncomplicated malaria in Ghana in 2005.

Methods: To examine the prevalence of molecular markers associated with CQ and antifolate drug resistance in Ghana, we genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt, PF3D7_0709000), multidrug resistance (pfmdr1, PF3D7_0523000), bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (pfdhfr, PF3D7_0417200) and dihydropteroate synthase (pfdhps, PF3D7_0810800) genes in children with malaria reporting to hospitals in three different epidemiological areas of Ghana (Accra, Kintampo and Navrongo) between 2012 and 2017.

Results: The overall prevalence of the CQ resistance-associated pfcrt 76T allele was 8%, whereas pfmdr1 86Y and 184F alleles were present in 10% and 65% of infections respectively. Most of the isolates harboured the antifolate resistance-associated pfdhfr 51I, 59R and 108N alleles, including 68% of them with the triple mutant pfdhfr I51R59N108 combination. Pfdhps 437G and 540E were detected in 90.6% and 0.7% of infections, respectively. We observed no significant difference across the three study sites for all the polymorphisms except for pfdhps 437G, which was more common in Accra than at the other sites. Across both pfdhfr and pfdhps genes, a large proportion (61%) of the isolates harboured the quadruple mutant combination (I51R59N108/G437).

Conclusion: Comparison of the present results to previously published data shows a significant decrease in the prevalence of CQ resistance alleles during the 12 years after CQ withdrawal, but an increase in the alleles that mediate SP resistance, which could be due to the continuous use of antifolate drugs for prophylaxis.
Identification of human African Trypanosomiasis foci using school-going children in post-conflict era in Nwoya District, Northern Uganda: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Luryama Moi Kenneth , Obol James Henry , Anywar Arony Denis
Published: April 2018

Background: Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is fatal if untreated; the drugs to treat it are toxic making its management difficult and diagnosis complex. Nwoya district has a long history of sleeping-sickness dating back to pre-colonial times. The civil war of 1986-2008 displaced many who upon return complained of cattle and dogs dying of unknown causes alongside increased tsetse flies infestation hence, the needs for the study.

Methods: We enrolled local 3,040 pupils and recorded their social-demographic characteristics and access to different domesticated animals/fowls in their homes. Screening for HAT using the card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (CATT) was performed; positive individuals had their titres determined, followed by microscopy and loop mediated isothermal amplification analysis (LAMP). R was used for analysis where associations were sought between dependent and independent variables. Any factor with P-value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

Results: HAT serological prevalence of 1.2% (95% CI 0.8-1.6) was obtained, 58.3% being boys while 41.7% were girls with titres ranging from 1:2 - 1:16. Two schools alone, constituted 47% of the CATT positive cases.

Pupils who came from homes with dogs were more likely to be CATT/Trypanosoma brucei gambiense positive; (adjusted odds ratio = 3.12, 95% CI 1.41-6.99 & p=0.005).

Conclusions: Though no parasites were detected, with prevalence of CATT positive at 1.2%, active surveillance in the district is still recommended. CATT positive cases needs follow-ups were immune trypanolysis test done to ascertain their exposure.
Classification of processes involved in sharing individual participant data from clinical trials
Authors: Ohmann Christian , Canham Steve , Banzi Rita , Kuchinke Wolfgang , Battaglia Serena
Published: April 2018

Background: In recent years, a cultural change in the handling of research data has resulted in the promotion of a culture of openness and an increased sharing of data. In the area of clinical trials, sharing of individual participant data involves a complex set of processes and the interaction of many actors and actions. Individual services and tools to support data sharing are becoming available, but what is missing is a detailed, structured and comprehensive list of processes and subprocesses involved and the tools and services needed.

Methods: Principles and recommendations from a published consensus document on data sharing were analysed in detail by a small expert group. Processes and subprocesses involved in data sharing were identified and linked to actors and possible supporting services and tools. Definitions adapted from the business process model and notation (BPMN) were applied in the analysis.

Results: A detailed and comprehensive tabulation of individual processes and subprocesses involved in data sharing, structured according to 9 main processes, is provided. Possible tools and services to support these processes are identified and grouped according to the major type of support.

Conclusions: The identification of the individual processes and subprocesses and supporting tools and services, is a first step towards development of a generic framework or architecture for the sharing of data from clinical trials. Such a framework is needed to provide an overview of how the various actors, research processes and services could interact to form a sustainable system for data sharing.
Foul Language of Minors: Consequences, Causes, Organization of Work on the Problem
Authors: Кириленко Наталья , Kirilenko Natal'ya
Published: April 2018

Foul language aggravates problems in the socialization and development of the personality of minors: it determines the attitude towards a minor and makes it difficult for him to adapt among others; inhibits the development of monologic speech and, accordingly, intellectual arena; is interconnected with the development of deviation behavior. Prevention and overcoming of foul language of minors (primary and secondary prevention) is carried out by neutralizing its causes. The main groups of factors and causes of foul language may include: foul language of minors’ environment, low level of culture of the minor; his communicative and social-psychological problems. Algorithm for making the program for the prevention of foul language includes: background analysis; formulation of goals; analysis of conformance of planned work to goals and solution of the identified leading causes; analysis of the expediency of the sequence of work, its possible effectiveness; use of opportunities of interdepartmental and intraschool interaction of specialists, social partnership.
Theory of Quantum Computation and Philosophy of Mathematics. Part II
Authors: Wójtowicz Krzysztof
Published: April 2018

In the article, the philosophical significance of quantum computation theory for philosophy of mathematics is discussed. In particular, I examine the notion of “quantum-assisted proof” (QAP); the discussion sheds light on the problem of the nature of mathematical proof; the potential empirical aspects of mathematics and the realism-antirealism debate (in the context of the indispensability argument). I present a quasi-empiricist account of QAP’s, and discuss the possible impact on the discussions centered around the Enhanced Indispensabity Argument (EIA).
Dominating and Peripheral Cultures in Translation vs. Translator’s Status
Authors: Dębska Karolina
Published: April 2018

In the introduction to his book The Translator’s Invisibility, Lawrence Venuti discusses the condition of the translator and of translation in contemporary America. In the country, translation is not a valued activity, translated texts are domesticated, and translators are expected to remain invisible.The article discusses how Venuti’s diagnosis applies to the situation in Poland, with its much more peripheral or even culturally subordinated status; whether the causes of translator’s invisibility, listed by Venuti, appear in translation into Polish; how the position of translation and of the translator is influenced by the target culture’s peripheral character; and whether there is a straightforward link between cultural hegemony and translation strategy.
O przekładzie utworów poetyckich na przykładzie tłumaczeń poezji Skamandrytów na język hiszpański
Authors: Jackiewicz Aleksandra
Published: April 2018

On the Translation of Poetry: a Study of the Translation of Skamander’s Poems into Spanish The article aims to show the difficulties which might be encountered by the translator who resolves to translate the poetry of the members of the literary group Skamander, whose poems are characterized by a unique mastery of language and a specific poetic strategy based on the description of the surrounding reality. The contrastive study of the source texts and their translations into Spanish will show to what extent the translators understood the uniqueness of Skamander’s poetry and if they managed to convey reality they depict to the Spanish reader. The aim of such a juxtaposition is to determine whether the translation choices made by the translators reveal their awareness of the specific formal and stylistic structure of poems, deriving from the strategy employed by the poets. A starting point for the study is the theory of translation as “the experience of the foreign” put forward by Antoine Berman. The examination of twelve tendencies which deform the source text, allows to verify if and to what extent the translators of Skamander’s poetry made it possible for the Spanish-language reader to “experience the foreign” reality depicted in the source texts.
Kompetencja twórcza tłumacza
Authors: Brożyna-Reczko Małgorzata
Published: April 2018

Translator’s Creative Competence: The Importance of Teaching Creative Thinking and Writing The article presents an overview of the most significant findings related to creative activities in psychology and related fields. In the description, four dimensions: creative product, process, person and environment/ press have been included. The presented aspects have been implemented in the translation-related research and in the field of translator education. The following research questions have been mainly discussed: What is the role of creativity in translation? How to develop students’ creativity? The theoretical part of the article is followed by an overview of creativity techniques such as paraphrasing, transformation and designing (de)compositional plan.
Texto reescrito, texto esquecido: Philidor, uma pérola queirosiana
Authors: Bishop‑Sanchez Kathryn
Published: April 2018

TEXT RE‑WRITTEN AND FORGOTTEN: PHILIDOR, A QUEIROSIAN GEM

This study examines Eça de Queirós’s translation of the play Philidor (1863) written by the French author Joseph Bouchardy (1810‑1870). In particular, this study analyzes the circumstances that brought the author to translate this text and the conditions surrounding the circulation and staging of French plays in Portugal at that time. As such I examine Philidor in relation to the strong tradition of French plays translated into Portuguese and Eça’s own comments on the general situation of Portuguese theatre.
D. Teresa, mãe de D. Afonso Henriques, à luz da Crónica de El‑Rey D. Affonso Henriques de Duarte Galvão
Authors: Działak Anna
Published: April 2018

TERESA, MOTHER OF ALFONSO I OF PORTUGAL, IN THE LIGHT OF THE CRÓNICA DE EL‑REY D. AFFONSO HENRIQUES BY DUARTE GALVÃO: THE ORIGINES REGNI REVISITED

The present article analyzes the Chronicle of Alfonso I of Portugal (Crónica de El‑Rey D. Affonso Henriques) by Duarte Galvão (1445?‑1517). We intend to focus on the origines regni in the light of mythologizing lines and show the functionalization of the historical‑legendary narrative in order to exhibit the heroification of the first King of Portugal and the subsequent (re)creation of his mother’s black legend.
Nem todas as crianças vingam!
Authors: Machado de Paula Júlio Cesar
Published: April 2018

NOT ALL BABIES HAVE THE LUCK TO BE BORN!: GENEALOGY AND AFRICAN DESCENDANCY IN BRAZILIAN LITERATURE

This paper intends to expose two currents of thought concerning the future of miscegenation and Brazilian ethnic constitution from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. On one hand, we have non‑assimilationist group, characterized here by the expression “realistic pessimism.” And, on the other hand, the majority group, formed by assimilationists and summarized by the expression “genocidal optimism.” Then, three Brazilian authors who deal with the theme are presented as examples: Aluísio Azevedo (O mulato), Machado de Assis (Pai contra mãe) and Nelson Rodrigues (Anjo negro).
Ocorrência e interpretação dos modais poder e dever em português jurídico
Authors: Coelho Ramos Joaquim
Published: April 2018

OCCURRENCE AND INTERPRETATION OF MODAL VERBS PODER AND DEVER IN PORTUGUESE LEGAL LANGUAGE

In this article, we will try to reflect on how modal verbs poder and dever behave when used in juridical texts. We will focus specifically on its frequency in epistemic, deontic or diffuse usage, as well as on the relevance of context to decode and properly interpret the meaning of these verbs in a given sentence.
Vencedores, heróis, craques… A imagem linguística do êxito desportivo na imprensa eletrónica portuguesa
Authors: Olchówka Anna
Published: April 2018

WINNERS, HEROES, SUPERSTARS… A LINGUISTIC IMAGE OF SPORT SUCCESS IN PORTUGUESE ELECTRONIC MEDIA

The Internet gave to different media unlimited possibilities of transmission of information. It responds quickly to any contemporary changes, offers a space for open discussion and facilitates exchange of ideas or opinions. The image of a world provided by electronic newspapers has an unparalleled dynamic, and its language is one of the most significant factors. In this context the sport, as one of the key issues in Portuguese media discourse serves as a basis for a linguistic analysis with various interpretations.
De periferia a periferia: constantes e variações na história externa da tradução da literatura polaca em Portugal
Authors: Pięta Hanna
Published: April 2018

FROM ONE PERIPHERY TO ANOTHER: CONSTANT AND VARIABLE FEATURES OF THE EXTERNAL HISTORY OF TRANSLATION OF POLISH LITERATURE IN PORTUGAL

This article aims at exploring (ir)regularities in the external history of Portuguese translations of Polish literature published in Portugal between 1855 and 2010. Firstly, the state of the art of research on the Portuguese translations of Polish literature is elucidated. Secondly, the results of analysis, guided by six main questions (what is translated, when, by whom, where, how and why?), are presented. Lastly, future research avenues are indicated.
ESCRITÓRIOS-PILOTO COMO MEDIAÇÃO PARA O ENSINO-PESQUISA-EXTENSÃO EM CURSOS DE ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO
Authors: VILLELA Monica , MACHADO Lucília
Published: April 2018

Este ensaio resulta de investigação realizada para fins de conclusão de um mestrado. Ela discutiu fundamentos, princípios, objetivos e condições concernentes à proposta de implantação de escritórios-piloto em cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Para tanto, procedeu-se à revisão de literatura e à consulta a professores e alunos de cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo de duas instituições universitárias, uma pública e outra privada. Além de informar, este ensaio contém elementos persuasivos, tais como recomendações ou sugestões sobre a implantação de escritórios-piloto como aparatos pedagógicos de formação de arquitetos socialmente referenciados e de contribuição para o desenvolvimento local. Trata-se de texto expositivo, argumentativo e de orientação técnica, dirigido, especialmente, a professores e alunos de cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo e a todos os que possam se interessar pelo tema ou que tenham prerrogativas de decisão a esse respeito.
Multimídia impacto digital: ações de extensão em comunidades pacificadas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Castro Wania Clemente de , Machado Tatiane Gomes , Avelar Michele Silva de
Published: April 2018

Acreditando no potencial dasTecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDICs) na educação, o Projeto Multimídia Impacto Digital (MID) teve como objetivo a disseminação de pesquisas e de produção de mídias, bem como de ações relacionadas ao desenvolvimento social, econômico, político e cultural de comunidades pacificadas pela polícia do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Buscou ainda estimular a criação de produções de mídia, visando à formação de crianças e adolescentes, residentes nas comunidades do Tuiuti e Mangueira, e à expansão de seus horizontes no âmbito das tecnologias digitais, objetivando compreender como novas mídias podem ser utilizadas em ambiente informal de aprendizagem. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar os resultados das pesquisas e ações extencionistas realizadas nas comunidades participantes do projeto.
PROFAVELA: CONQUISTAS E LIMITES DO MOVIMENTO FAVELADO EM BELO HORIZONTE NA TRANSIÇÃO DEMOCRÁTICA NA DÉCADA DE 1980
Authors: De Freitas Luiz Fernando Vasconcelos
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo consiste no estudo da aprovação de uma legislação de direito urbanístico na década de 1980, na cidade de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, que reconheceu direitos fundiários aos favelados e buscou inseri-los como parte da cidade. A partir de entrevistas com militantes políticos da época e da análise de documentos históricos avalia-se a relação dos movimentos sociais com a criação da Lei do PROFAVELA – suas potencialidades e limites. Chega-se à conclusão de que a referida legislação apresentou limites à sua efetividade em função do padrão de relação estabelecido entre movimentos sociais e Poder Público. Tal fato aponta para a importante discussão sobre a autonomia dos movimentos sociais perante o Estado e suas táticas de luta para a efetivação do direito à cidade.
A LOGÍSTICA REVERSA E O ENFRENTAMENTO DO FENÔMENO DA OBSOLESCÊNCIA PROGRAMADA
Authors: De Lima Gabriela Eulalio , Andrade Sinara Lacerda
Published: April 2018

A pesquisa tem tela, partindo da análise sociológica realizada por Zygmunt Bauman que determinou o contexto social como sociedade de consumo, objetivou avaliar as consequências e causas dentro deste contexto social na Era Pós-Moderna no que tange as evoluções econômico-sociais. Buscou-se assim demonstrar a forte influência das novas tecnologias para aprimorar o setor produtivo, que atuando sob o respaldo da modernidade e preocupada, sobretudo, com o desenvolvimento econômico, vem alimentando o mercado de consumo com o fenômeno da obsolescência – redução da durabilidade dos bens, suscitando riscos socioambientais com a despreocupação com a extração dos recursos naturais e os resíduos descartados. Ante esta problemática, o artigo dedicou-se a analisar a discussão com respaldo na Lei Federal n.º 12.305, de 2 de agosto de 2010, especialmente o instrumento da logística reversa, entendendo tratar-se do mecanismo legal disponível em território nacional mais viável para satisfazer o grau de necessidades da sociedade de consumo sem arriscar a existência humana, tendo em vista a preocupação do instrumento com todo o ciclo de vida dos produtos, traduzindo maior eficácia na regulação da produção e do consumo, para alcançar o desenvolvimento econômico e social. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se sob o método dedutivo, com apoio na bibliografia e também na legislação brasileira, que ainda que de forma tímida, atacam a problemática dentro dos limites no Estado Brasileiro.
INTERNET DAS COISAS E CIDADES INTELIGENTES: TECNOLOGIA, INOVAÇÃO E O PARADIGMA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL
Authors: Payão Jordana Viana , Santiago Mariana Ribeiro
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo aborda o desenvolvimento tecnológico sob a perspectiva da Internet das Coisas considerando as implicações econômicas, sociais, políticas, culturais e ambientais como via ao diálogo com a teoria do desenvolvimento sustentável. A escolha do tema se justifica tendo em vista os potenciais benefícios à sociedade advindos dos ideais de sustentabilidade e a necessidade de efetivá-los por meio de iniciativas criativas. O objetivo do estudo é verificar se as cidades inteligentes, como construção da tecnologia, são compatíveis e conciliáveis com o desenvolvimento sustentável. Como resultado, é possível observar que a tecnologia pode ser um importante aliada na concretização do desenvolvimento sustentável, desde que implementada com respeito às questões sociais e culturais específicas de cada sociedade, ampliando o espectro de igualdade. O método de abordagem utilizado foi o dialético-jurídico, aliado à pesquisa bibliográfica.
Ruído nas áreas metropolitanas e urbanização de solos naturais — promoção da habitação na última reforma do Código Federal do Urbanismo de 2017
Authors: Bothe Anja
Published: April 2018

criticando a reforma de 2017 ao Código Federal do Urbanismo Alemão, analisam-se os recentes instrumentos legais, introduzidos com a finalidade de promover o planeamento e a construção de habitações economicamente acessíveis – nomeadamente, a nova tipologia de qualificação de zonas edificáveis, a área urbana. Nesta reforma admitiu-se uma maior densidade de construção e um maior índice de exposição ao ruído, além de introduzido um procedimento acelerado para planos vinculativos em áreas rústicas. Parte dos instrumentos agora introduzidos contrariam os princípios da poupança de solos naturais, da avaliação ambiental e da participação pública prévia, inscritos no Direito Internacional e no Direito Comunitário. Conclui-se, por fim, ser mais adequada a promoção da descentralização e da qualidade de vida nas zonas rurais onde abundam já habitações, assim como a intervenção activa no sentido de desenvolver o interior dos perímetros já urbanizados, em vez de realizar compromissos e admitir cedências que degradam os níveis ecológicos e sociais.
A UTILIZAÇÃO DO SISTEMA R-STUDIO E DA JURIMETRIA COMO FERRAMENTAS COMPLEMENTARES À PESQUISA JURÍDICA
Authors: De Andrade Mariana Dionísio
Published: April 2018

O presente trabalho possui como objetivo responder ao seguinte questionamento: é possível construir uma ponte dialógica e didática entre a pesquisa jurídica de alto nível e a utilização de métodos com base econométrica? A ideia central se constitui na utilização do software R-Studio, típico de estudos estatísticos, como ferramenta de apoio à pesquisa jurídica com base em análise de dados, o que pode já é realizado pela jurimetria e deve ser amplamente difundido por práticas docentes. É essencial que haja complementaridade entre a pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa, justamente para que seja possível interpretar os dados e replicar os métodos de cada estudo. Para a construção do presente ensaio, a base teórica se sustenta nos textos de Flávio Rezende, Jackson Alves de Aquino e Johanna Visser. Para construir a pesquisa, foi utilizada a abordagem qualitativa, interpretando os fenômenos estudados e relacionando os eventos. É possível concluir que o desenho de pesquisa é o elemento definidor da integração entre métodos, a partir da qual ferramentas oriundas de outras áreas do conhecimento podem ser utilizadas, como o Sistema R para estudos próprios das ciências jurídicas. Conclui-se, ainda, que o professor deve estimular a utilização de outros saberes para a construção do conhecimento científico de alto nível, a partir da construção de uma ponte dialógica entre ferramentas econométricas e a pesquisa jurídica de alto nível.
‘Open to new ideas’
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: April 2018

Ofsted proved to be very receptive to Little Barn Owls' Reggio Emilio approach to learning, highlighting in its report that children learn and play together in a ‘highly stimulating environment’. Karen Hart finds out more.
What's their take?
Authors: White Hilary
Published: April 2018

In the first of a new series, Hilary White provides a guide to introducing digital cameras and looks at ideas for supporting children to take photographs to document their own interests.
Evaluating Row Cover Establishment Systems for Cantaloupe and Summer Squash
Authors: Hanna fn mi , Steward Brian    L. , Rosentrater Kurt    A.
Published: April 2018

Abstract.

Use of row covers offer an alternative to pesticide application for management of insect feeding and disease transmission and can be beneficial for extending the growing season. Unfortunately, labor required to establish cover is significant (particularly for single rows) and larger pieces of multi-row cover are subject to fatigue from wind and sun. Development of a mechanized single-row cover system or a durable multi-row cover system advances potential for use of covers. Field tests of a commercial semi-mechanized cover implement were conducted. Successful wire insertion ranged from 74% to 100% and depended on careful adjustment of the implement. Success was unaffected by soil type, but partially improved with wetter soil (R2 = 0.37). Keywords: Cucurbit, Disease, Horticulture, Insects, Supports, Tunnels.

Costs of a single-row mechanized system using spunbond polypropylene or polyethylene mesh as row covers were compared to those of a conventional chemical application strategy without cover. Total costs of the spunbond polypropylene system were $1620 to $5290 ha-1 ($650 to $2140 acre-1) greater than the conventional system depending on operational size. Smaller production areas were more costly due to machinery costs. The polyethylene mesh system was $1500 ha-1 ($600 acre-1) more costly than using spunbond polypropylene due to material costs. In addition, a multi-row cover system using either of the two types of cover material was investigated including evaluation of support structure during mid-summer field conditions (wind and sun). Sagging cover material over time suggested limiting distance between single supports to 2 m (7 ft) or less. Tennis balls atop single supports avoided cover damage better than rebar caps. Spunbond polypropylene had more tears and damage than polyethylene mesh. Wire hoops spaced 2.3 m along the row avoided cover damage while keeping material off the crop Keywords: Cucurbit, Disease, Horticulture, Insects, Supports, Tunnels.
Advancing Microsoft Excel’s Potential for Teaching Digital Image Processing and Analysis
Authors: Larbi Peter Ako
Published: April 2018

Abstract.

Microsoft Excel is not considered a typical software for digital image processing and analysis. However, based on its large data handling and graphing capabilities, as well as its widespread usage, it presents a good opportunity for use as a tool for teaching image data processing or use in demonstrations requiring little training. It also lends itself well as a potentially useful research tool that can benefit a wide range of users including those with little or no computer programming knowledge. This article demonstrates a new method which can be adopted for teaching concepts of image processing and analysis, consisting of systematic procedures for implementing typical operations in Excel. Categories of operations demonstrated using this method include image preprocessing, image enhancement, image classification, analysis of change over time, and image data fusion. Examples of outputs resulting from using this new method are discussed in the article. The success of this proposed method is hinged on the availability of the required image data, based on which a simple graphical user interface (GUI) application was developed in MATLAB. That application, RGBExcel or the later RGB2X, extracts RGB image data from image files of any format and file size, and exports to Excel for processing. Deployed as standalone applications, both versions can be installed on a 64-bit windows computer and run without MATLAB. Keywords: Color images, Multispectral imagery, Remote sensing, RGB image data, RGB2X, RGBExcel.
Methane/Gasoline Bi-fuel Engines as a Power Source for Standard Agriculture Tractors: Development and Testing Activities
Authors: Bisaglia Carlo , Brambilla Massimo , Cutini Maurizio , Fiorati Stefano , Howell Mark
Published: April 2018

Abstract.

Promoting energy efficiency in agriculture means supporting economic growth by reducing both pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while minimizing waste and the inefficient use of natural resources. Biomethane presents an interesting option given its possibility to be produced from livestock waste or other organic residues, with GHG emission savings ranging from 84% to 86% (wet or dry manure). Moreover, experiences with methane-fueled engines are widely available, thus leading to considering the possibility of using such a fuel in the agricultural sector as well. The aim of this research was to develop a first-generation tractor prototype provided with a commercially available bi-fuel engine adapted for the purpose and tested both in laboratory and field conditions. The main design aspects are depicted while the performance results show similar values of engine power and torque (87 kW maximum power for the diesel fuel tractor and 88 kW for the methane-fueled version; 1172 Nm maximum torque at 550 min-1 for the methane and 1155 Nm at 400 min-1 for the diesel tractor) with an autonomy of the methane prototype which is, at present, 40% of a comparable standard tractor. The possible role in farm fleet is also presented. Keywords: Agricultural machinery, CNG, Gaseous bio-fuels, Renewable fuels.
Swine Finishing Room Air Infiltration: Part 1. Quantification and Prediction
Authors: Jadhav H T , Hoff S J , Harmon J D , Alvarez Igancio , Andersen D S , Passe Ulrike
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Air infiltration through unplanned inlets is an integral component of any ventilation process. Air infiltration affects the quality of the room environment and can also increase winter heating costs. Precise data on air infiltration is very important in the design of animal room ventilation systems. Nineteen mechanically ventilated (negative pressure type) swine finishing rooms in Iowa were tested for their air infiltration potential. Using the data of 17 rooms, air infiltration rate through the whole room (i.e., total air infiltration, It), curtains (Ic), fans (If), and net building shell (other components, Io) were quantified. Power law equations were developed for infiltration prediction of different room configurations grouped on the basis of their construction style, age, ceiling material, curtain perimeter, and fan backdraft shutter area. All power law models reported in this study were adjusted to predict standard (sea level) infiltration rates. At 20 Pa pressure difference across the room envelope, the predicted standard It infiltration rate for the 17 rooms was 5.96±1.49 air changes per hour (ach); whereas, the predicted standard Ic, If, and Io infiltration rates were 1.49 ±1.00 ach (about 25% of It), 1.52 ±1.38 ach (about 26% of It) and 2.90 ±1.42 ach (about 49% of It), respectively. The standard It infiltration rate trended lower for rooms (n=8) from single room layout barns (5.85 ±1.66 at 20 Pa), rooms (n=8) having a non-metal ceiling (5.85 ±2.15 at 20 Pa), and rooms (n=8) aged = 13 years (5.85 ±2.15 at 20 Pa). The infiltration resistances, calculated using standard sea level infiltration rates, indicated that the curtain, fan, and other infiltration areas of swine finishing rooms changes with barn layout, age, construction material, and pressure difference. Methodology to convert measured infiltration rates to standard sea level weather conditions and to any desired room location was included. Keywords: Infiltration, Swine finishing Barns, Swine finishing rooms, Infiltration prediction, Infiltration quantification, Ventilation.
Effects of Stem Length and Storage Duration on Sugar Losses in Sweet Sorghum
Authors: Amaducci Stefano , Assirelli Alberto , Trevisan Marco , Fracasso Alessandra , Santangelo Enrico , Suardi Alessandro , Del Giudice Angelo , Scarfone Antonio , Pari Luigi
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Sweet sorghum ( (L.) Moench) is a multi-purpose crop, yielding fuel in the form of ethanol from its stem juice, food in the form of grain, and fodder from its leaves and bagasse. The sugars utilized for bioethanol production are contained in the stalks, in an amount varying between 12% and 25% of the fresh biomass, according to the genotypes and harvesting time. However, these carbohydrates can be easily lost during harvest and post-harvest, because of wrong machinery settings and prolonged periods of exposure of the cut material to the action of fermentative agents. For these reasons, the production of biofuel from sweet sorghum is very sensitive to harvest systems and storage methods, as they can influence remarkably the final energetic yield of the crop. The main objective of the present study was to monitor the time course of dry matter and sugar content in sweet sorghum stem over a long-time storage period. The analysis was carried out by dividing the stems into portions of different length in order to test different storage configuration by varying the stem portion stored to simulate the action of different harvest machines. This work has been designed to take into account a larger storage window respect previous experimentation. The research has provided evidence that sugar loss during the storage is highly influenced by the length of the stem portion, as well as by storage conditions. Total sugar content at harvest was on average 23.2%. The decreasing of sugar content continued during the storage period but at different rate for the different portions. At the end of storage, the sugar content of the whole stem was on average 6.6%, while the smallest portion (1/16 of the whole stem) had an average content of 1.0%. Indications on best storage conditions (storage form, storage location, storage ambient condition), as well as technical details regarding new potential harvesting solutions to decrease the speed rate of sugar loss have been provided. Keywords: Biofuel, Harvesting, Storage, Sugar losses, Sweet sorghum.
Daystar/Rosalie Jones, ‘Dancing the Four Directions’
Authors: Shea Murphy Jacqueline
Published: April 2018

Dance scholar Jacqueline Shea Murphy introduces Daystar/Rosalie Jones, who created the first Native contemporary dance company, DAYSTAR Dance Drama of Indian America, in 1980 (and who describes her recent work Dancing the Four Directions in this special issue). Shea Murphy first situates her professional relationship with Daystar/Rosalie, which spans over two decades. She then situates Daystar/Rosalie’s work in the context of this special issue, giving a brief overview of some of the dances she has made over nearly half a century, dances centred within Indigenous cultural story and mythic image, and grounded, directly or indirectly, in relation to place.
A evolução dos conceitos de cidadania e de nacionalidade no direito internacional e no direito comunitário
Authors: Sachett Barbara Mourão
Published: April 2018

Este artigo tem por objeto a análise da evolução dos conceitos da nacionalidade e da cidadania no Direito Internacional, nos Direitos Humanos e no Direito Comunitário. Para essa finalidade, serão analisados os principais dispositivos dos tratados sobre a matéria.
Comparison of Si and SiC based Power Converter Module of 150 kVA for Power System Applications
Authors: Štěpánek Jan , Streit Luboš , Komrska Tomáš
Published: April 2018

The paper deals with the comparison of power semiconductors based on Si and SiC in application of power converters for power systems. These are single-phase voltage-source bridge inverters with nominal power of 150 kVA. Power converters are designed to operate under both active power and reactive power. Mechanical design of the converters is ready for interchange the power semiconductor modules and assess the operation with both, Si and SiC technology.
Asymptotic stability of nonlinear integrodifferential equation
Authors: Jackreece Prebo , Aniaku Stephen
Published: April 2018

The investigation of stability for nonlinear dynamical system often related to the construction of Lyapunov functionals. We employ Lyapunov functionals to the system of nonlinear Volterra integro-differential equations of the form Â and obtain conditions for the asymptotic stability of the zero solution. Also, we give examples to illustrate the obtained results.
Coğrafya ve Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmen Adaylarının Teknolojik Pedagojik Alan Bilgisi Özdeğerlendirme Düzeylerinin Farklı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Taner , DİKMENLİ Yurdal
Published: April 2018

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, cinsiyet, bölüm, mezun olunan lise türü, kişisel bilgisayara
sahip olup olmama ve bilgisayar kullanım düzeyine göre coğrafya ve sosyal
bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının TPAB öz değerlendirme düzeylerini incelemektir.
Bu araştırma ilişkisel tarama modeli ile yapılmış nicel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın
amacını gerçekleştirebilmek için gereksinim duyulan verilerin toplanmasına
yönelik “teknolojik pedagojik alan bilgisi öz değerlendirme ölçeği”
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada istatistiksel analizler SPSS 17 programı
kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Teknolojik pedagojik alan bilgisi öz değerlendirme
düzeyini oluşturan bileşenler ile bağımsız değişkenler arasında ilişkisiz
örneklemler için normal dağılım gösteren verilerde t- Testi ve Tek Yönlü
Varyans Analizi (ANOVA), normal dağılım göstermeyen verilerde ise Kruskal
Wallis H testi yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın
sonucunda cinsiyete göre alan bilgi düzeyinde erkekler lehine; lise türünde düz
lise ile meslek lisesi arasında meslek lisesi lehine, meslek lisesi ile Anadolu
öğretmen lisesi arasında Anadolu öğretmen lisesi lehine, meslek lisesi ile
Anadolu lisesi arasında Anadolu lisesi lehine anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur.
Ayrıca kişisel bilgisayara sahip olan öğretmen adaylarının olmayan
öğretmen adaylarına göre teknolojik pedagojik alan bilgisi düzeylerinin anlamlı
düzeyde yüksek olduğu ve bilgisayar kullanma becerilerinin de teknolojik
pedagojik alan bilgisi üzerinde anlamlı etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Być człowiekiem misji dzisiaj
Authors: GÓRSKI JAN
Published: April 2018

Być człowiekiem misji dzisiaj
Fan Shouyi, A Bridge Between China And The West Under The Rite Controversy
Authors: Meynard Thierry
Published: April 2018

Much has been written about Matteo Ricci and others Western missionaries in China, and less attention has been given to Chinese Catholics. We present here the fascinating story of Fan Shouyi, a Chinese Catholic who came to Europe and decided to become a Jesuit. Returning to China, he played a role in the relations between pope Clement XI and the emperor Kangxi, a role not easy but quite constructive.
Lagrangian calculus for nonsymmetric diffusion operators
Authors: Ketterer Christian
Published: April 2018

We characterize lower bounds for the Bakry–Emery Ricci tensor of nonsymmetric diffusion operators by convexity
of entropy and line integrals on the

L
2

{L^{2}}

-Wasserstein space, and
define a curvature-dimension condition for general metric measure spaces together with a square integrable 1-form in the sense of [N. Gigli,
Nonsmooth differential geometry—an approach tailored for spaces with Ricci curvature bounded from below,
Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 251 2018, 1196, 1–161].
This extends the Lott–Sturm–Villani approach for lower Ricci curvature bounds of metric measure spaces. In generalized smooth context, consequences are new Bishop–Gromov estimates, pre-compactness under measured Gromov–Hausdorff convergence, and a Bonnet–Myers theorem that
generalizes previous results by Kuwada [K. Kuwada,
A probabilistic approach to the maximal diameter theorem,
Math. Nachr. 286 2013, 4, 374–378]. We show that N-warped products together with lifted vector fields satisfy the curvature-dimension condition. For smooth Riemannian manifolds, we derive an evolution variational inequality and contraction estimates for
the dual semigroup of nonsymmetric diffusion operators. Another theorem of Kuwada [K. Kuwada,
Duality on gradient estimates and Wasserstein controls,
J. Funct. Anal. 258 2010, 11, 3758–3774], [K. Kuwada,
Space-time Wasserstein controls and Bakry–Ledoux type gradient estimates,
Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 54 2015, 1, 127–161] yields Bakry–Emery gradient estimates.