bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in aborted goats in Kerala
Authors: Karthika R. , Devada K. , Lakshmanan Bindu , Syamala K. , Vijayakumar K. , Pooja G.M.
Published: July 2021

Toxoplasmosis, is a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasitic infection prevalent throughout
the world affecting all warm blooded animals and man. A total of 72 serum samples from goats
belonging to the organised, unorganised and small holder farms that had aborted recently or had
a history of abortion were collected from the central districts of Kerala viz., Palakkad, Thrissur and
Ernakulam. The samples were subjected to indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
for the detection of IgG antibodies of Toxoplasma gondii. Factors predisposing to the prevalence
of infection such as age, grazing behaviour and stage of gestation were also taken into account
during the study. Out of 72 serum samples examined, 31(43 per cent) were negative, 13 (18 per
cent) were weakly positive and 28 (38.88 per cent) were highly positive. A higher prevalence was
noticed in goats above four years of age, in those with regular grazing behaviour and in those
that had aborted in the second stage of gestation. District-wise prevalence revealed relatively
higher prevalence in Ernakulam district (62.5 per cent) compared to Thrissur (56.09 per cent) and
Palakkad (53.33 per cent), even though the difference was not statistically significant.
Mortality and morbidity pattern in goats under organized farm conditions of Kerala
Authors: Deepak Chandran , Rojan P. M. , Thirupathy R. Venkatachalapathy , Lejaniya A. S.
Published: July 2021

A study was undertaken to find out the morbidity and mortality pattern in the goat
population of Kerala. Factors such as cause, age, sex, breed, season and year were included in
the study. Data were collected from 3925 goats maintained at The Goat and Sheep Farm, KVASU,
Mannuthy for six years from 2011 to 2017 to assess the effect of different factors. Data pertaining
to 2649 goats from 2013 to 2017 were analysed to find out the morbidity pattern among goats.
The overall mortality rate was 11.76 per cent. Among the various causes of mortality, the results
of this study indicated that mortality due to enteritis was the highest (40.60 %) followed by that
due to pneumonia (22.88%) and acidosis (10.40%). The effect of age, season, sex and year on
goat mortality were significant (p<0.05). Mortality was the highest in the age group of 0.-3 months
followed by 3-6 months. The incidence of mortality rates were 4.67, 5.09 5.27 and 5.26 per cent
in pre-monsoon, south-west monsoon, post-monsoon and winter respectively. Mortality was more
in females (64.11%) than males. Mortality was highest in cross bred goats followed by Malabari
and Attappady black, but not significant. The proportional morbidity due to foot rot was the highest
(35.28%) followed by enteritis (16.03%) and orf (7.65%). Highest morbidity was observed during
south west monsoon (45.55%) followed by post monsoon (21.98%) and pre monsoon (18.14%).
The results of this study suggest that proper management during first three months of age especially
during south west monsoon was critical to minimise mortality among goats.
Surgical management of congenital foetal hydrocephalus in a crossbred cow
Authors: Dangi P. , Ruhil S. , Singh H. , Samdhyan A. , Potliya S.
Published: July 2021

A rare case of dystocia due to external congenital hydrocephalic foetus with ankylosis of
forelimbs managed by ventral midline surgical approach in a crossbred cow is reported.
Molecular identification of Haemonchus contortus in goats
Authors: Thamilbharathi L. M. , Radhika R. , Priya M. N. , Mani Binu K. , Anbarasu K. , Devada K.
Published: July 2021

Haemonchus contortus commonly called the stomach worm or wire worm of ruminants
inhabits the abomasum and is considered to be one of the economically important gastrointestinal
strongyles in goats. In the present study, H. contortus was identified by PCR using the primers
targeting partial 5.8S and partial internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS-2). Adult worms were
identified morphologically and genomic DNA was extracted using DNeasy Blood and Tissue
kit (QIAGEN, Germany). Gradient PCR protocol was standardised using the extracted genomic
DNA. Ten-fold serial dilution of adult DNA was used to analyse the minimum detection limit and
the products were amplified upto the tenth dilution. Cross reaction of primer sets was checked
using the DNA extracted from predominant adult srongyles like Oesophagostomum columbianum
and Trichostrongylus colubriformis and no cross reaction was seen at the optimum annealing
temperature (60.7°C).
Non-invasive blood pressure monitoring in an anaesthetised calf - a case report
Authors: Souljai J. S. , Sooryadas S. , Dinesh P. T. , Chandy George , Sindhu O. K.
Published: July 2021

A six month old cross bred calf was presented with a swelling on lateral abdomen
and diagnosed with lateral abdominal hernia, which underwent herniorrhaphy under general
anaesthesia formed the subject of the study. The animal was administered with meloxicam @
0.5 mg/kg body weight intravenously for pre-emptive analgesia. Thirty minutes later, xylazine @
0.02 mg/kg and butorphanol @ 0.05 mg/kg, were administered intravenously. Upon sedation, the
animal was administered with a loading dose of lignocaine @ 1 mg/kg body weight intravenously.
Immediately following the loading dose of lignocaine, anaesthesia was induced using
guaiphenesin @ 50 mg/kg and ketamine @ 2mg/kg intravenously. Following induction, anaesthesia
was maintained using the prepared guaiphenesin-ketamine-lignocaine-butorphanol anaesthetic
mixture as continuous rate infusion @ 3 ml/kg/hr. Indirect and direct blood pressure measurements
were monitored and recorded. The non-invasive blood pressure values for systolic, diastolic and
mean blood pressures did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from those monitored invasively.
Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu Öğrencilerinde Dürtüsellik Düzeyleri ve Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: Su Topbaş Zehra , Karakaya Arzu
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin dürtüsellik düzeyleri ile sosyal medya bağımlılığı arasındaki ilişkiyi ve cinsiyet değişkenine göre dürtüsellik ve sosyal medya bağımlılığı arasındaki farkı incelemektir.
Yöntem: Nicel araştırma yönteminin korelasyon deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışma bir sağlık hizmetleri meslek yüksekokulunda öğrenim gören 306 öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Veri toplamak için Sosyodemografik Veri Toplama Forumu, Barrat Dürtüsellik Ölçeği Kısa Formu ve Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği- Yetişkin Formu (SMBÖ-YF) kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Yapılan istatistiksel analizler sonucunda, dürtüsellik düzeyi ile sosyal medya bağımlılık puanları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmüş ve dürtüsellik değişkeninin toplam varyansın %18’ni (R=.18, p=,00) açıkladığı bulunmuştur. Kadın ve erkeklerin dürtüsellik düzeylerinde ve sosyal medya bağımlılıklarında anlamlı bir fark olmadığı görülmüştür.
Sonuç: Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin oluşturduğu bu örneklemde dürtüsellik, sosyal medya bağımlılığını yordamaktadır.
Egzersiz Yapan Bireylerde Egzersiz Bağımlılığı ve Benlik Saygısı
Authors: Katra Haşim
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada egzersiz yapan bireylerin egzersiz bağımlılık düzeyini, benlik saygılarını belirlemek, farklı değişkenlerle ilişkileri ve farkları ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya Çanakkale İl merkezinde bulunan spor merkezlerinde egzersiz yapan 202 kişi katılmıştır. Araştırmanın veri toplama araçları olarak Egzersiz Bağımlılığı Ölçeği ve Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Elde edilen bulgulara göre cinsiyet değişkenin egzersiz bağımlılığı ve benlik saygısı üzerinde etkisi olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Medeni durum değişkenine göre katılımcıların bireysel-sosyal ihtiyaçlarını erteleme ve çatışma puanlarında anlamlı fark olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yaş değişkeni ve benlik saygısı puanı arasında anlamlı ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Egzersize katılan bireylerin egzersiz sıklığı ve egzersiz yaşlarının egzersiz bağımlılığıyla pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Egzersiz yapan bireylerin egzersiz bağımlılığı açısından bağımlı grup oldukları ve benlik saygı puanlarının yüksek olduğu, haftalık egzersiz süresi ve egzersize katılım aylarının artmasıyla birlikte egzersiz bağımlılık düzeylerinin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte egzersiz yapan bireyler arasında bekar olan bireylerin egzersize katılım için bireysel ve sosyal ihtiyaçlarını erteleyebildikleri sonucuna varılmıştır
Alkol Kullanım Bozukluğu Olan Hastalarda Ölüm Anksiyetesi ve İntihar Düşüncesi
Authors: Çiçek İsmet Esra
Published: July 2021

Giriş: Alkol kullanım bozukluğu anksiyete bozuklukları ile yüksek oranda birliktelik göstermekte ve intihar riskini artırmaktadır. Ölüm anksiyetesi tüm anksiyete bozukluklarının ve psikiyatrik bozuklukların oluşumunda etkili olduğu öne sürülen transdiagnostik bir yapıdır. Çalışmada alkol kullanım bozukluğu olan bireylerde ölüm anksiyetesi düzeyi sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırılmış ve intihar düşüncesi ile arasındaki ilişki değerlendirilmiştir.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya 22 alkol kullanım bozukluğu tanısı almış hasta ve benzer sosyodemografik özellikler gösteren 20 sağlıklı kontrol alınmıştır. Katılımcılarda sosyodemografik ve klinik özellikler ile intihar düşüncesi ve ölüm anksiyetesi düzeyi değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Alkol kullanım bozukluğu olan bireylerde ölüm anksiyetesi kontroller ile farklılık göstermediği, intihar düşüncesinin hastalarda yüksek olduğu bulundu. İntihar düşüncesi ile alkol kullanım şiddetinin ilişkili olduğu bulundu.
Sonuç: Alkol kullanım bozukluğu olan bireylerde ölüm anksiyetesi ve ilişkili faktörleri değerlendiren daha geniş örneklemli çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
The Accumulated Effects of Foam Rolling Combined with Stretching on Range of Motion and Physical Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Konrad Andreas , Nakamura Masatoshi , Bernsteiner Daniel , Tilp Markus Tilp
Published: July 2021

Although it is well known that both stretching and foam rolling can acutely increase the range of motion (ROM) and affect performance, the effects of a combined treatment (foam rolling and stretching) are not yet clear. Hence, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the combined effect to that of stretching or foam rolling alone on both ROM and performance. We assessed the effect of a combined treatment on ROM and compared it to the effect of stretching, foam rolling, and a control condition by applying a random-effect meta-analysis. We also applied the same model to compare the effect of the combined treatment on performance. Moreover, by applying a mixed-effect model, we performed subgroup analyses with the stretching technique, type of foam rolling, tested muscles, type of task, and the order of the combined treatment. We found a significant overall effect on ROM change when comparing the combined treatment with the control condition (effect size (ES) = -0.332); however, no significant effect was found when comparing it to stretching (ES = 0.032) or foam rolling alone (ES = -0.225). The meta-analysis revealed no significant overall effect on performance when the combined treatment was compared to stretching alone (ES = -0.029). However, the subgroup analysis for performance revealed a superior effect for the combined treatment compared to stretching alone, but only if foam rolling was followed by stretching (ES = -0.17), and not vice versa. Athletes do not have to combine stretching with foam rolling since no additional effect was observed. However, to increase performance, the combination of foam rolling followed by stretching can lead to greater improvements.
The writerly art of celebrating difference: Reading ambiguity in Ross Gibson’s The Summer Exercises
Authors: Glassby Wendy
Published: July 2021

The subject of Ross Gibson’s novel The Summer Exercises (2008) is a past society of which the author allows his readers only glimpses. How might Gibson’s work provide inspiration or direction for the fiction writer concerned with representing the other? In his work, Gibson utilises disparate real and fictional elements to reveal traces of a society no longer accessible: the city of Sydney, Australia, circa 1946. An analysis of the text, as it is understood by a creative writer in search of models for her own project, contends that the manner in which Gibson interweaves the miscellany of his narrative produces a ‘crowded style’, a form that eschews a dominant voice and invites a range of interpretive possibilities. The reader is thus encouraged to defer drawing any definitive conclusion from the text. Gibson’s experimental form and its ability to create a sense of ambiguity in its reading thus provides a stellar example of how one writer’s choices have mobilised imaginative and sensitive possibilities for representing the other.
Closure and the novel
Authors: Craig Andrew
Published: July 2021

While writing my PhD thesis about the concept of closure in literature, I was diagnosed with Hodgkin’s lymphoma, a usually curable type of cancer that, in my case, has nonetheless developed into a dire prognosis. In this paper I weave literary theory with personal memoir as I attempt to make sense of my life and its possible ending. Fiction helps to make sense of the world by reflecting it and imbuing the reflection with structure and meaning, However, this reflection is illusory, and we face a world far less certain in which we must make meaning for ourselves.
‘In losing we have something to gain’: Examining the analogous movements of ‘mobilising’ absence in literary language, authorial impulse, and elegiac writing
Authors: Todd Ruby
Published: July 2021

Just as absence mobilises the linguistic sign, so the felt experience of absence, through personal loss on the part of the writer, mobilises writing. While each of these ideas has been well-documented separately within their respective literatures, the fact of their correspondence, and its implications for the thinking of absence within creative writing studies, warrants further discussion. Engaging with the work of select thinkers within semiotics, literary philosophy, and psychology, this paper examines the operations of the analogous movement between the operations of the linguistic sign as a structure motivated by absence, and the phenomenon of generative loss in the experience of creative writers. Throughout, it draws from Roland Barthes’s elegiac meditations on literature, loss and writing following the death of his mother, in Mourning Diary (2009). This paper suggests that just as writers are mobilised by absence to write, so do they in turn self-consciously mobilise the narrative and aesthetic powers of absence for their own literary ends. Interrogating the relations between these movements offers a means toward further understanding the particular aesthetic force of much elegiac literature, as it bears on our motivations, processes and felt experiences as writers and readers.
Salvador Allende: El ocaso de una modernidad plebeya
Authors: Cabezas Oscar Ariel
Published: July 2021

Este texto describe la figura trágica de Salvador Allende desde la pregunta por el presente. El análisis busca mostrar la relación entre el líder de la Unidad Popular y un cierto agotamiento de la modernidad socialista como programa civilizatorio. El ocaso de la modernidad, sin embargo, encontraría resistencias en el acto ético de Allende y el aura de su fantasma político cuya agencia residual se presenta como un difícil problema para la política tradicional.
Creative Destruction of Halal Certification (Bodies) By Blockchain Technology?
Authors: Tieman Marco , Williams Geoffrey
Published: July 2021

The fast-growing global halal market is supported by strong economic fundamentals, new categories of halal certified products, more stringent requirements for ingredients, and more Muslim countries developing halal certification systems. This is resulting in a high demand for halal certification services. The number of halal certification bodies (HCBs) worldwide is estimated to stand at around 500, although the exact number is difficult to obtain because there is no international or Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) registration database. Generally, HCBs do not recognise each other although some HCBs, such as the Indonesian Council Of Ulama (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI) and Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia, JAKIM), create lists of recognised HCBs for issues pertaining to (amongst other things) meat slaughtering and the production of flavourings and perfumes.
Women's Rights: The Qur'anic Ideals and Contemporary Realities
Authors: Akhmetova Elmira
Published: July 2021

This article is a study of the rights of women in Islam in comparison with the status of women in the contemporary Muslim world. Men and women in Islam, regardless of their age, social class and education, are equal as citizens and individuals, but not identical, in their rights and responsibilities. It suggests that, in the early age of Islam, women were given full confidence, trust and high responsibilities in leadership, educational guidance and decision-making. But this Islamic empowerment of women bears little relation to the real condition of women in modern Muslim societies. Women suffer the most in the MENA and other conflict-ridden regions from insecurity, domestic abuse, low access to education and medical care. The absence of good governance also results in gender inequality and violation of the rights of women. Without good governance, the status of women is not likely to improve. Muslim women have a potential to play a fundamental role in curbing corruption, social ills, violence and crime in the Muslim world. Therefore, in order to achieve stability and prosperity, the government must ensure a platform for women to participate in decision-making and benefit from the rights they are accorded in Islam.
Jocelyn Cesari, The Awakening of Muslim Democracy: Religion, Modernity, and the State
Authors: Mohamad Shukri Syaza Farhana
Published: July 2021

The book argues against the prevalent theory of modernisation and democratisation that the separation between state and religion should be the natural outcome of a modernising Islamic society, similar to the historical trajectory of the West as a liberal political system. Instead, the author shows through her meticulous work in the Middle East that to the contrary, Islam is further politicised in the region following the formation of nation-states because there is a lack of demarcation between Islam and the nation as an identity. The main tenet of the book is that “[t]he use of Western secular techniques in law and constitutions created a strong connection between Islam and politics and contributed to the redefinition of Islam as a political norm in ways unknown under the Muslim empires.” (p. 7) It is this conflation between the religious and political self of Muslims in the early twentieth century that makes it difficult for state institutions to ignore the people’s natural desire for a religious life and therefore political system. Although this conversation is far from new, the author’s argument is meant to rattle the prevalent discourse so that we can find a way forward for democratic Muslims without having to undermine their experience or reality.
Islamic Bonds (Sukuk) in Malaysia
Authors: Khan Inam Ullah
Published: July 2021

This article introduces the various types of sukuk that exist in the Malaysian secondary market. The Malaysian sukuk market was initially debt-based which attracted criticism from the Shariah scholars from the Gulf and Middle East. However, the Malaysian sukuk market made a turn towards equity and ijarah sukuk and ventured into “green sukuk” or socially responsible investment (SRI) sukuk. To facilitate the financing of sustainable and responsible investment initiatives, the Securities Commission of Malaysia (SC) has launched the Sustainable and Responsible Investment (SRI) sukuk Framework in 2014. The introduction of the SRI sukuk framework is seen to be in line with the rising trend of “green bonds” and “social impact bonds” that have been introduced globally to facilitate and promote sustainable and responsible investing. The writer has presented different examples from both regions to show that the gap has been bridged. However, despite this convergence the author recommends a revisit of the controversial debt-based instruments by Malaysian Shariah scholars.
Towards the Formulation of a Pedagogical Framework for Islamic Schools in Australia
Authors: Muhammad Abdullah  , Mohammad Abdalla  , Jorgensen Robyn
Published: July 2021

During the last 30 years ‘Islamic’ or Muslim schools have sprung up in Europe, North America and Australia. Reasons for the establishment of these schools generally pertain to Islamic faith and quality of education. Parents desire their children to be positive participants in, and contributors to, society while at the same time maintaining their faith. However, a number of researchers question the effectiveness of Islamic schools in achieving these goals. Driessen and Merry (2006) and Walford (2002) note that matters of Islamic faith are mainly confined to formalities expressed as rules and codes and Qur’an recitation. Moes (2006) and Shamma (1999) express concern that formalisation of religious education leads to negative consequences. Often, these schools devote their energies to the ‘what’ and ‘why’ of Islam without the ‘how’. Memon (2007) proposes that to achieve the intents and purposes of Islamic education in a western context, teachers need to be guided by the pedagogical principles of the Islamic tradition in a fertile synthesis with the pedagogical principles of contemporary educational thought. Such a pedagogical framework would enable a curriculum to be embedded that is both faithful to Islamic principles and relevant to contemporary society. While there is some limited international research in this area, there is a dearth of research in the Australian context. This paper critically surveys and evaluates the existing research material and proposes a Prophetic Pedagogical Framework that may be used in a fertile synthesis with the Productive Pedagogies framework underpinning the Queensland public education system. It is contended that an Islamic extension of the Productive Pedagogies framework would have considerable value for the on-going quality of teaching in Australian Islamic schools.
Advancing Well-Being With Interest-Free Finance
Authors: Abdullah Abdul Karim
Published: July 2021

This paper argues that utilising risk sharing in preference to interest-based financing would bring a broad range of economic benefits to both individuals and society. The main reason is that equity financing, whether in its conventional or Islamic form, allocates resources more efficiently than loan financing. To show this, the paper compares equity markets with credit markets with a view to efficiency. The prime reason why equity markets allocate resources better than credit markets is that profit as an incentive for driving economic activity is far better suited for allocating resources efficiently than interest. The paper concludes with a number of policy recommendations.
Towards Authentic Behaviour Management Models for Islamic Schools - A Framework Synthesising Research
Authors: Crown Dylan , Alam Omaira
Published: July 2021

The purpose of learning in Islamic schools should be to facilitate transformation on the path to ma’rifatu’Llah. Transformation over compliance would therefore best characterise those behaviour management models most appropriate for Islamic schools. But unfortunately, behaviour management models are often adopted in Islamic schools without considered thought or evidence from tradition or empirical research. A critical examination of current behaviour management models and their embedded practices in Islamic schools is therefore required. To what extent are common practices effective, authentic and aligned with visions of Islamic education? The purpose of this paper is to produce a framework that can inform the development of future authentic behaviour management models in Islamic schools that are conversant with Islamic principles. The framework offered is based upon a synthesis of research within the field of Islamic education.
Custodial Issues Arising upon the Conversion of One Spouse to Islam
Authors: Mohamed Adil Mohamed Azam
Published: July 2021

The issue is, if one of the parents of a child converts to Islam, is that parent automatically entitled to child custody over and above the non-Muslim parent? From the Islamic perspective, Muslim jurists disagree on this issue. In a hadith recorded by Abu Dawud (#2244): Abdul Hamid bin Ja’far reported from his father on the authority of his grandfather Rafi’ bin Sinan, that he (Rafi’ bin Sinan) embraced Islam, but his wife refused to do so. So she went to the Prophet and said: “She is my daughter, and she is weaned, or almost weaned.” And Rafi’ said: “She is my daughter.” So the Prophet told him, “Sit on this side,” and told her, “Sit on that side”, and then placed the girl between them. He then said to both of them. “Call her”. The girl went towards her mother, but the Prophet said: “O Allah! Guide her”, so she went to her father, and took her.
Syariah Criminal Code (II) Enactment 1993 Amendment 2015: Can Kelantan Enforce Hudud?
Authors: Mohamed Adil Mohamed Azam
Published: July 2021

On 26th May 2016, an unprecedented move occurred in Malaysia’s Parliament. The president of PAS, Abdul Hadi Awang, proposed a private bill meant to amend section 2 of Syariah Court (Criminal Jurisdiction) 1965 (Amendment 1984) - also known as RUU 355. His amendment was designed to increase the present criminal jurisdiction of the Syariah Courts, currently limited to a fine not exceeding five thousand ringgit or imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or to whipping not exceeding six strokes, or to any combination thereof.
Dr. Mohd Daud Bakar, Shariah Minds in Islamic Finance
Authors: Suzuki Yasushi
Published: July 2021

Having reflected on the author’s 20 years of experience as a member, and even chairman, of many Shariah boards around the globe, this book offers a pioneering and insightful look at the inner workings of ‘Shariah minds’, including how Shariah scholars respond to innovation and how they deal with bottleneck issues within a contemporary regulatory framework. This book enlightens and inspires all the stakeholders in Islamic finance, including Shariah scholars and other professionals in Islamic finance, as well as junior scholars aiming to become Shariah scholars and even ordinary persons on the street, about the importance of attaining knowledge of real experience and practice. Undoubtedly, this book is highly recommended for all stakeholders in Islamic finance.
The Qur'anic Semio-Ethics of Nature
Authors: Berisha Elma
Published: July 2021

This article goes behind the semiotic stereotypes of western representations of nature and language, to track and discuss discursive limitations in an attempt to place these semiotic concepts within their Qur’anic paradigmatic context. A cursory literature review of Western semiotics suggests systematic bias towards conventional signs, at the cost of naturally occurring ones. Drawing on the work of U. Eco, J. Deely, J. Hoffmeyer and other prominent semioticians, as well as the Qur’an as a ‘semiotician’s paradise par excellence’, I examine a more comprehensive notion of sign and its relevance as a potential epistemological bridge between nature and culture, between internal phenomenological realities and the external world. My argument is that even at this postmodern, advanced stage of semiotics as a more comprehensive and inclusive study field, the downplaying of the semiotics of nature and its communication value continues to run as a subtext of the process of secularisation. Thus, the ethical and religious meta-representations that come with nature are likely to be neglected, with further ecological implications. All these findings seem to suggest that there is a need to reconsider and review these matters in a much more comprehensive way, given that reflection on the natural signs is one of the major themes in the Qur’an, alongside the reoccurring message that the only way to attain true belief in the Creator is to think through signs.
Islam and Constitutions
Authors: Hazri Tengku Ahmad
Published: July 2021

Across the Muslim world, constitutions frequently make reference to Islam. These references assume various forms. In some constitutions, Islam is declared as a state religion, official religion, or something similar, such as in Malaysia’s Federal Constitution, which proclaims Islam to be “the religion of the federation.” In others (Egypt, Tunisia, Libya), the Sharia is promulgated as a source-if not ‘the’ source-of legislation. Yet others (Iraq, Afghanistan) include ‘repugnancy clauses’, i.e. clauses declaring laws that run contrary to Sharia to be invalid, null and void. Still others require the head of state or government to be a Muslim (e.g. Syria). The various ways in which Islam is incorporated into these constitutions reveals the centrality of religion to public life in most Muslim societies. But they also point to another important aspect, namely the negotiation of Islam and modernity. This is a recurrent leitmotif that runs throughout the constitutional history of the modern Islamic world.
Earning a Living and its Position in the Sacred Law: An Exposition of Shaybani's Doctrine
Authors: Abubakar Ismail Ya’u , Dasinova Tatiana , Boayo Suleiman Mohammed Hussien
Published: July 2021

Earning a living is considered essential for every human being. The nature of life in this world is based on acquisition and effort; nothing can be obtained miraculously, without effort. God created human beings for a purpose, which is explicated by the Sharih. This paper aims to delineate the opinions of Imam Muhammad Shaybani on the earning of wealth, including what should be earned, what the ethics of earning are, and what is the tradition of the prophets concerning the acquisition of a livelihood. The paper highlights the importance of earning, how it maintains one’s dignity and brings success in this world and in the hereafter. Finally, the paper affirms that social development can be achieved through earning by knowing what should be kept by those who earn and what should be given by them to the needy. This research is based on a critical and analytical approach to the aforementioned issues in Shaybani’s work. Its approach differs from Adi, who only translated al-Kasb, with annotations on important issues.
Globalisation, Human Rights and Islam: Competing Narratives and Discursive Practices in The Muslim World
Authors: Mohiuddin Asif
Published: July 2021

Globalisation the growing interpenetration of ideas, states, and markets across borders has not only fostered the very blurring of distances but also growing avenues of appeal for citizens suppressed by their own states. There is no doubt that, in contemporary times, international norms and institutions for the protection of human rights are more developed than at any previous point in history. However, assaults on basic human rights continue, and the emergence of a global human rights regime may also be engendering new sources of human rights abuse. This paper examines how these developments have transformed the complex and mutable relationship between human rights and Islam and how this relationship is readjusting in response to the changing global situation. Focusing on the dramatic expansion of human rights discourse in the Muslim world, the paper argues that, for critics of Islam, the position on the incompatibility of Islam and human rights, which assumes two settled entities in an unstable relationship, is becoming hard to sustain as is the position on the Western origin of human rights. The main implication of this study is that human rights principles can be a binding international norm in a globalised world and that many normative conventions can play a pioneering role in promoting these rights and contribute to the emergence of a multicultural society.
Democratic Transitions: Are There Recipes for Success?
Authors: Abdelkader Deina
Published: July 2021

In transitioning to democracy, rationalists assume that either the masses or the elites bring about change. This paper hypothesises that there is a causal relationship between the actors involved in social change and the end product the progress of democratic transition and whether revolution from below or from above is more likely to bring about the transition. By examining Pacting Theory as a democratic transition theory, this paper will analyse the role of the military in Egypts democratisation process. The interplay of the military powers and relinquishing those powers to a civilian government will have implications for social movements theory and the approaches to democratic transition theory.
POLYPHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF URTICA SIMENSIS GROWN IN ETHIOPIA
Authors: SEIFU T. , MEHARI B. , ATLABACHEW M. , CHANDRAVANSHI B.
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity and polyphenolic content of a wild vegetable, Urtica simensi, grown in Ethiopia. Total phenolics, tannin and flavonoid content of leaves extract were determined by the Folin Ciocalteu, Folin Ciocalteu/protein precipitation and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. The antioxidant activity was tested by the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging method. Results of the determination revealed that total phenols ranged from 15.75 to 22.67 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of dried leaves. Total tannin content ranged between 0.496 to 1.54 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of dried leaves. Similarly, total ﬂavonoids concentration as catechin equivalent varied between 6.89 to 9.03 mg catechin equivalent/g of dried leaves. Leaves of U. simensis were found to have a substantial antioxidant activity ranging between 2.28-2.42 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g of dried leaves. This study reveals that U. simensis leaves accumulated a substantial amount of polyphenols, particularly flavonoids, and pose a substantial antioxidant activity.
Pengaruh Terapi Peregangan Otot Pernafasan terhadap Peningkatan Kapasitas Vital Paru Pasien Asma di Rumah Sakit Grandmed Lubuk Pakam
Authors: Wati Syatria , Simarmata Juni Mariati , Syara Arfah May , Pardede Desika Wali
Published: July 2021

Background: Asthma is a disease of shortness of breath due to narrowing of flight routes. A decrease in the expiratory rate and inspiratory volume will decrease the lung fundamentals. Asthmatic patients need exercise to expand the lung boundaries which is much needed. Respiratory muscle stretching exercises are activities to maintain and build the adaptability or adaptability of the respiratory muscles.Methods: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of extended treatment on respiratory muscles to establish lung boundaries that are important for asthmatic patients. This examination technique is a quantitative report using a semi-test design with a one gathering pretest posttest configuration approach. The test consists of 17 respondents, this instrument uses spirometry and observation sheets. The results of the bivariate test used a p value of = .000 < (0.05).Result: This test shows that there is an effect of respiratory muscle stretching therapy on increasing vital lung capacity of asthmatic patients.Conclusion: For the Bivariate analysis, the results obtained based on the paired sample T-test there were significant differences between before and after with the results of the P Value index = .000 < (0.05). The conclusion is that Ho is rejected. So that there is an effect of respiratory muscle stretching therapy on increasing vital lung capacity of asthma patients at GrandMed Hospital in 2020.
Вплив філософсько-управлнських факторів на формування атрибутивних рис сучасного керівника
Authors: Л.М. Грень , М.К. Чеботарьов
Published: July 2021

У статті визначено, що філософія управління є системою поглядів керівника
на сенс і призначення його діяльності, що означає глобальний погляд керівника на
свою професію і професійну діяльність у всіх її аспектах; підкреслено, що філософія
державного управління сфокусована на ставленні людини до світу, її участі у державному управлінні; на підставі проведеного дослідження визначено 10 топових рис сучасного керівника, який прагне до мудрого управління; доведено, що здійснювати функції управління повинні керівники, які у своїй діяльності керуються мудрим управлінням; розкрито взаємозв’язок між набором атрибутивних рис сучасного керівника, який прагне до філософії управління, і викликами мінливого середовища.
Політика протидії незаконній міграції на регіональному рівні як загрози соціально-економічного розвитку країни
Authors: В.В. Палюх , М.О. Демент
Published: July 2021

Досліджено основні загрози соціально-економічному розвитку країни, що
можуть бути викликані процесами міграції на всіх рівнях. Визначено основні напрямки державної політики протидії незаконній міграції в Україні, серед яких напрям формування нової моделі міграційної політики, що відповідає потребам переходу до постіндустріальної економіки і адекватної загрозам і викликам сучасності. Визначено завдання трансформації української економіки та формування
механізмів її стійкого й динамічного зростання в сучасних умовах особливого значення, та розробки з урахуванням міжнародного досвіду та українських реалій
системи заходів боротьби з нелегальною міграцією.
Development and Validation of UV Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Pregabalin and Etoricoxib in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and the Extension of the Developed Colorimetric Method for Estimation of Pregabalin using Smartphone Application
Authors: Koshti Nirupa , Mashru Rajashree
Published: July 2021

A simple, sensitive, accurate, precise and reproducible method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of Pregabalin and Etoricoxib in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form (bilayer tablet). In the method, the methanol and phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) were used as solvent as the drugs could not be extracted from bilayer tablet with single organic solvent. Also, pregabalin is not having chromophore, so it does not show absorbance in UV range. So here the pregabalin was derivatized using ethanolic ninhydrin which shows absorption maximum at 576 nm. Etoricoxib shows the absorption maximum at 284 nm. Beer Lambert’s law was obeyed over a concentration range of 2-10 μg/ml for Pregabalin (r2 = 0.9991) & 4-24 μg/ml for Etoricoxib (r2 = 0.9998). The developed method was successfully applied for the estimation of Pregabalin and Etoricoxib in commercial product bilayer tablet. The assay was found to be 99.77 and 99.96 % for Pregabalin and Etoricoxib respectively. The developed method has been validated with respect to linearity, range, accuracy & precision. Also, the developed colorimetric method was extended for the estimation of Pregabalin using mobile phone/ smartphone application and was successfully used for the assay of pharmaceutical dosage form.

Keywords: Pregabalin, Etoricoxib, Ninhydrin, UV spectrophotometric, Bilayer tablet, PhotoMetrix.
Le degré d’intégration des sous-traitants marocains dans le secteur du textile-habillement : est-il vraiment une sous-traitance de capacité ?
Authors: KHOURIBA Khalid , YAOUHI Mohamed
Published: July 2021

L’industrialisation des territoires est un processus dans lequel le Maroc s’est engagé depuis plusieurs années. Néanmoins, à partir des années 2000, le Maroc a mis, de plus en plus, l’industrie au centre de ses préoccupations, visant le développement d’une économie basée sur l’industrie à travers l’intégration des chaines de valeurs mondiales. Pour ce faire, plusieurs fonds et programmes d’accompagnement, d’assistance et d’appui des PMI, PME et des grandes entreprises ont été mis en place. A la lumière des autres secteurs industriels, le textile-habillement a enregistré des bons chiffres en matière de création d’emploi. Cependant, la vraie réussite se trouve dans le développement d'une industrie nationale compétitive et durable déclenchée par l’émergence d’unités industrielles nationales capables de se positionner dans les chaines de valeurs mondiales et dans la pyramide de la sous-traitance. Donc, de passer d’une simple sous-traitance de capacité tirée par le coût de la main à la fabrication de produits finis ou au moins à une sous-traitance de spécialité et d’intelligence. C’est pourquoi il a été jugé très pertinent de réaliser une enquête traitant le degré d’intégration des sous-traitants marocains dans le secteur du textile-habillement.
Eiseley’s Stygian Oracle
Authors: Beachly William
Published: July 2021

Nature provides an oracle, often when and where we do not seek one. Childhood encounters with animals, as with people, can be formative. Loren Eiseley’s  encounters may have been set him on the path of the vagrant. Such seekers may be drawn to places and things others shun (like caves, or spiders). This act of exploring beneath the surface of things is rarely completed or satisfying. Rather, like an oracle that speaks in half-audible whispers, much is left for the seeking mind to fill in. The scientist may feel their quest is more rational in execution than the mythic wanderer, but the world of the mind can allow for shape-shifting realities wherein both quests become one. This fearless willingness to listen to the oracle, and go wherever it leads, is both exemplary of good science and the human quest. I consider here what could have been the formative experiences that compelled Loren Eiseley, as a watcher of things, to look beneath familiar surfaces.  (WRB)
Affective Animals
Authors: Huggan Graham
Published: July 2021

British animal writing is among the most popular of its kind in the world, including such household names as Williamson, Maxwell, and Durrell. It is hardly reassuring, however, for either younger or older readers. Drawing on some recent examples mostly written after the Second World War, this essay makes the case for modern British animal writing as a genre less likely to reveal our capacity to reach out to nonhuman others than to comment –– sometimes devastatingly –– on the modern dissociated sensibility: our otherness to ourselves.
Fleshy Encounters
Authors: Braverman Irus
Published: July 2021

This article aims to make visible expert practices that take place behind closed doors and that are perceived as being of no concern to the public, who wouldn’t understand them anyway. The experts that this article is concerned with are medical practitioners of a particular kind: zoo and aquarium veterinarians. I utilize both text and multimedia presentations to allow the veterinarians I interviewed to directly explain their work to the reader, who may then experience this work, the space and environment where it is performed, and the tools with which it is conducted, on a more affective and sensorial plane. Quotes from the scholarly literature and from the interviews are intended to provide context and set the tone for the visual and auditory experiences, which are an inherent and important part of the article. My hope is that readers emerge from this inquiry knowing more about how veterinarians see, think, and operate in their professional encounters. The idea, more broadly, is that we ought to immerse ourselves, mess with, and meddle in each other’s professional lifeworlds in order to enrich and broaden our understandings of our currently much too self-, siloed-, and human-centric place on this planet.
The Capacities and Limitations of Language in Animal Fantasies
Authors: Leatherland Douglas
Published: July 2021

Drawing on the field of zoosemiotics, this paper explores the representation of language and other forms of communication in animal fantasy fiction, citing Richard Adams’s Watership Down (1972) as a key example of a text which depicts a wide spectrum of communication channels. Zoosemiotics provides a useful lens through which to conceptualize the spectrum of animal communication depicted in Adams’s novel and other notable texts, such as the short stories of Franz Kafka and Ursula Le Guin’s “Author of the Acacia Seeds” (1974). While examples of animal languages in such fiction seem more anthropomorphic than examples of sensory, non-vocal forms of communication, fictional languages such as Lapine actually reveal the limitations of human language as well as the conceptual abilities of nonhuman animals. The texts discussed in this paper attempt to imagine how the ways in which nonhuman animals communicate might be understood, or translated, in human language terms.
The Rise of Therapy Animals’ Personhood
Authors: Michalon Jérôme
Published: July 2021

Based on a sociohistorical description of the emergence of animal assisted care practices, this research note explores the link between professional dynamics and the recent evolution of human-animal relationships. A joint process of professionalization and subjectivation is observed: the more these practices are defined as “therapy,” involving healthcare professionals, the more animals are seen as singular beings, even persons. It is argued that looking at human-animal relationships can bring to light the ontological dimensions of professional dynamics, and, symmetrically, that looking at professions can be relevant to understand the evolution of human-animal relationships, and contribute to reflections on animal work.
Green Infrastructure and Urban Wildlife
Authors: Hunold Christian
Published: July 2021

As a result of urban greening initiatives, urban ecologies have become surprisingly hospitable to wildlife. Such initiatives, however, seldom actively imagine the city as wildlife habitat, nor are they particularly intentional about its design. Even so, wild animals have taken advantage of these friendly spaces. Yet the legitimacy of their presence in urban settings often remains precarious. Insofar as green infrastructure development is responsible for the proliferation of wildlife, it calls for a reckoning with the question of whether cities that are teeming with wildlife are also cities for wildlife; and, to the extent they are not, for theorizing forms of human-wildlife coexistence that can better accommodate this abundance. To this end, I examine how practices of cultural engagement with wild animals that seek to visualize their lives as fellow city dwellers might help cultivate imaginaries of city life as more inclusive of wild animals.
At the Intersection of Animal and Area Studies
Authors: Domínguez Daisy
Published: July 2021

This essay discusses how Animal Studies scholarship in Latin American and Caribbean history relates to the wider scholarship in this emerging field. It identifies and explores general themes in recent scholarship and provides pointers for librarians interested in developing collections that will promote this burgeoning field.
Microspheres as Therapeutically effective Multiparticulate Drug Delivery System: A Systemic Review
Authors: Kumar Saxena Ashwin , Sharma Aditya , Verma Navneet
Published: July 2021

Therapeutic research and development are increasingly focusing on delivery systems which enhance desirable objectives while minimizing side effects. Nowadays Dose dumping is a major problem of single particulate dosage forms. So there is a need of extended release Multi-particulate drug delivery systems. Microspheres are multiparticulate drug delivery systems which are prepared to obtain prolonged or controlled drug delivery to improve bioavailability, stability and to target the drug to specific site at a predetermined rate. In strict sense, they are spherical empty particles. The pharmaceutical scientists have achieved a great success in developing most therapeutic systems with suitable natural polymer. Multi-particulate drug delivery systems are developed to address the challenges of drug development. A well designed drug delivery system can overcome some of the problems of conventional therapy and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of given drug. It is the reliable means to deliver the drug to the target site specifically. They received much attention for prolonged release as well as targeting to treat various diseases. This Current review outlines the transient account of classification, methods of preparations, its application and also the evaluation characterization for their efficiency of microspheres.