bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attractive and healthy-looking male faces do not show higher immunoreactivity
Authors: Pátková Žaneta , Schwambergová Dagmar , Třebická Fialová Jitka , Třebický Vít , Stella David , Kleisner Karel , Havlíček Jan
Published: November 2022

Previous research has indicated that facial attractiveness may provide cues to the functioning of the immune system. Mating with individuals who have a more effective immune system could lead to a higher reproductive success. Our main aim was to test a possible association between immunoreactivity (stimulated by vaccination) and perceived facial attractiveness and healthiness. We experimentally activated the immune system of healthy men using vaccination against hepatitis A/B and meningococcus and measured levels of specific antibodies (markers of immune system reactivity) before and 30 days after the vaccination. Further, 1 day before the vaccination, we collected their facial photographs that were judged by females for attractiveness, healthiness, and facial skin patches for healthiness. In view of its proposed connection with the functioning of the immune system, we also measured skin colouration (both from the facial photographs and in vivo using a spectrophotometer) and we assessed its role in attractiveness and healthiness judgements. Moreover, we measured the levels of steroid hormones (testosterone and cortisol) and the percentage of adipose tissue, because both are known to have immunomodulatory properties and are related to perceived facial attractiveness and healthiness. We found no significant associations between antibody levels induced by vaccination and perceived facial attractiveness, facial healthiness, or skin healthiness. We also found no significant connections between steroid hormone levels, the amount of adipose tissue, rated characteristics, and antibody levels, except for a small negative effect of cortisol levels on perceived facial healthiness. Higher forehead redness was perceived as less attractive and less healthy and higher cheek patch redness was perceived as less healthy, but no significant association was found between antibody levels and facial colouration. Overall, our results suggest that perceived facial attractiveness, healthiness, and skin patch healthiness provide limited cues to immunoreactivity, and perceived characteristics seem to be related only to cortisol levels and facial colouration.
Analysis of deviation from classical $$d_0^2$$-law for biochar conversion in an oxygen-enriched and temperature-controlled environment
Authors: Asheruddin N. Mohammed , Shivapuji Anand M. , Dasappa Srinivasaiah
Published: November 2022

Combustion of char has conventionally been reported to be diffusion controlled. Analytically, the process is reported to follow second order initial diametric ($$d_0$$

d
0

) dependence $$(d_0^\beta ; \beta =2)$$

(

d
0
β

;
β
=
2
)

for both single-film (no CO combustion) and two-film models (CO burns in a concentric sphere over the particle). However, experimental investigations indicate deviation from classical diffusion limit with $$\beta$$
β
exceeding 2.00 and going as high as 2.37. Videography investigations depict luminous film engulfing the particle for certain Temperature-Oxygen concentration-Particle diameter combinations (for which, $$\beta \ge 2$$

β
≥
2

). The observed deviation is hypothesized to convective resistance offered by the CO generated on the surface to motion of $$CO_2$$

C

O
2

towards the surface. This results in reduced $$CO_2$$

C

O
2

concentration at the surface with enhanced conversion time being the implication (hence, $$\beta >2$$

β
>
2

). Such convective resistance remains unaccounted for in the prevailing analytical models. The CO dominated film thickness is enhanced with temperature and reactant concentration, increasing the convective resistance, and further deviating from $$d_0^2$$

d
0
2

behaviour. The analytical solution shows that in presence of a convectively expanding CO film, total conversion time is a function of film diameter while also being dependent on $$d_0^2$$

d
0
2

. The hypothesis is validated by comparing analytical estimates with experimentally observed film diameter and conversion time.
In vitro regeneration and its histological characteristics of Dioscorea nipponica Makino
Authors: Dang Shangni , Gao Runmei , Zhang Yuqing , Feng Yumei
Published: November 2022

Dioscorea nipponica Makino is an optimal candidate to develop the diosgenin industry in North China. Due to its increasing demand in the medicine industry, it is urgent to apply new biotechnological tools to foster breeds with desirable traits and enhanced secondary metabolite production. The production of useful metabolites by the in vitro cultured rhizomes can be explored successfully for utilization by various food and drug industries. In this study, we reported callus formation and plantlet regeneration of the medicinal plant D. nipponica. Explants of leaves, stem segments and rhizomes of aseptic seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing various combinations of auxin and cytokinin to find the optimal PGRs of each type of explant for callus induction and shoot regeneration of D. nipponica. The paraffin section technique was also used to observe of the morphogenesis of callus and adventitious bud. Explants of seeds and rhizomes formed calli at high frequency in all lines we examined. However, the explant of leaves rarely formed callus. Three kinds of callus were detected during the induction phase. Here, we describe three types of callus (Callus I–III) with different structure characteristics. Greenish in color and a nodule-like protrusion surface (Callus type III) were arranged more closely of cells with less interstitial substance, cell differentiation ability stronger than other callus types. The optimum combination was the maximum shoot differentiation frequency of 90% in callus derived from seeds cultured on MS medium with 2.0 mg L−16-BA + 0.2 mg L−1NAA. The shoot differentiation frequency (88.57%) of rhizome-induced callus was obtained by the combination of MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg L−16-BA + 2.0 mg L−1NAA. 1/2 MS medium plus 0.5 mg L−1NAA resulted in a higher root regeneration frequency of 86.70%. In vitro propagated plantlets with healthy roots were domesticated and transplanted into small plastic pots containing sterile soil rite under greenhouse conditions with 80% survivability. Bud differentiation is mostly of exogenous origin, mostly occurring on the near callus surface. Therefore, it may be surmised that in vitro morphogenesis of D. nipponica is mainly caused by indirect organogenesis (adventitious bud).
Comparative transcriptome and WGCNA reveal key genes involved in lignocellulose degradation in Sarcomyxa edulis
Authors: Duan Chao , Tian Feng-hua , Yao Lan , Lv Jian-Hua , Jia Chuan-Wen , Li Chang-Tian
Published: November 2022

The developmental transcriptomes of Sarcomyxa edulis were assessed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying lignocellulose degradation. Six stages were analyzed, spanning the entire developmental process: growth of mycelium until occupying half the bag (B1), mycelium under low-temperature stimulation after occupying the entire bag (B2), appearance of mycelium in primordia (B3), primordia (B4), mycelium at the harvest stage (B5), and mature fruiting body (B6). Samples from all six developmental stages were used for transcriptome sequencing, with three biological replicates for all experiments. A co-expression network of weighted genes associated with extracellular enzyme physiological traits was constructed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). We obtained 19 gene co-expression modules significantly associated with lignocellulose degradation. In addition, 12 key genes and 8 kinds of TF families involved in lignocellulose degradation pathways were discovered from the four modules that exhibited the highest correlation with the target traits. These results provide new insights that advance our understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms of lignocellulose degradation in S. edulis to facilitate its utilization by the edible mushroom industry.
Drosophila ppk19 encodes a proton-gated and mechanosensitive ion channel
Authors: Jang Wijeong , Lim Ji Yeon , Kang Seyoung , Kim Minseok , Hwang Sun Wook , Kim Changsoo
Published: November 2022

In Drosophila larvae, nociceptive mdIV sensory neurons detect diverse noxious stimuli and prompt a nociceptive rolling response. Intriguingly, the same neurons also regulate stereotyped larval movement. The channels responsible for transducing these stimuli into electric signals are not yet fully identified. Here we undertook genetic and electrophysiological analysis of Ppk19, a member of the Deg/ENaC family of cationic channels. ppk19 mutants exhibited an impaired nociceptive rolling response upon mechanical force and acid, but no impairment in response to noxious temperature and gentle touch. Mutants also exhibited defective larval movement. RNAi against ppk19 in mdIV neurons likewise produced larvae with defects in mechanical and acid nociception and larval movement, but no impairment in detection of heat and gentle touch. Cultured cells transfected with ppk19 produced currents in acid and hypotonic solution, suggesting that ppk19 encodes an ion channel that responds to acid and cell swelling. Taken together, these findings suggest that Ppk19 acts in mdIV neurons as a proton- and mechano-gated ion channel to mediate acid- and mechano-responsive nociception and larval movement.
Fractional analysis of unsteady squeezing flow of Casson fluid via homotopy perturbation method
Authors: Qayyum Mubashir , Ahmad Efaza , Afzal Sidra , Sajid Tanveer , Jamshed Wasim , Musa Awad , Tag El Din El Sayed M. , Iqbal Amjad
Published: November 2022

The objective of this article is to model and analyze unsteady squeezing flow of fractional MHD Casson fluid through a porous channel. Casson fluid model is significant in understanding the properties of non-Newtonian fluids such as blood flows, printing inks, sauces and toothpaste etc. This study provides important results as unsteady flow of Casson fluid in fractional sense with aforementioned effects has not been captured in existing literature. After applying similarity transformations along with fractional calculus a highly non-linear fractional-order differential equation is obtained. Modeled equation is then solved along with no-slip boundary conditions through a hybrid of Laplace transform with homotopy perturbation algorithm. For validity purposes, solution and errors at various values in fractional domain are compared with existing results. LHPM results are better in terms of accuracy than other available results in literature. Effects of fractional parameter on the velocity profile, skin friction and behaviors of involved fluid parameters is the focal point of this study. Comprehensive, quantitative and graphical analysis is performed for investigating the effects of pertinent fluid parameters on the velocity profile and skin friction. Analysis revealed that fractional parameter depicts similar effect in case of positive and negative squeeze number. Also, skin friction decreases with an increasing fractional parameter. Moreover, in fractional environment Casson parameter has shown similar effect on the velocity profile in case of positive and negative squeeze number.
Discovery of four plasmatic biomarkers potentially predicting cardiovascular outcome in peripheral artery disease
Authors: Kremers B. M. M. , Posma J. N. , Heitmeier S. , Glunz J. , ten Cate H. , Pallares Robles A. , Daemen J. H. C. , ten Cate-Hoek A. J. , Mees B. M. E. , Spronk H. M. H.
Published: November 2022

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients have an increased cardiovascular risk despite pharmacological treatment strategies. Biomarker research improving risk stratification only focused on known atherothrombotic pathways, but unexplored pathways might play more important roles. To explore the association between a broad cardiovascular biomarker set and cardiovascular risk in PAD. 120 PAD outpatients were enrolled in this observational cohort study. Patients were followed for one year in which the composite endpoint (myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, stroke, acute limb ischemia and mortality) was assessed. Patient data and blood samples were collected upon inclusion, and citrated platelet-poor plasma was used to analyze 184 biomarkers in Olink Cardiovascular panel II and III using a proximity extension assay. Fifteen patients reached the composite endpoint. These patients had more prior strokes and higher serum creatinine levels. Multivariate analysis revealed increased plasma levels of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), galectin-9 (Gal-9), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11A (TNFRSF11A) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) to be most predictive for cardiovascular events and mortality. Positive regulation of acute inflammatory responses and leukocyte chemotaxis were identified as involved biological processes. This study identified IL-6, PAR1, Gal-9, TNFRSF11A as potent predictors for cardiovascular events and mortality in PAD, and potential drug development targets.
Survival rate and predictors of mortality among TB/HIV co-infected adult patients: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lelisho Mesfin Esayas , Wotale Teramaj Wongel , Tareke Seid Ali , Alemu Bizuwork Derebew , Hassen Sali Suleman , Yemane Daniel Melese , Korsa Birhanu Bedada , Bedaso Namso Geda
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, Tuberculosis remains the major cause of HIV-associated mortality, which accounts for 1 out of every 5 HIV-related mortality worldwide. This study aimed to determine the survival rate and predictors of mortality among TB/HIV co-infected patients. An institution-based retrospective cohort study was undertaken on adult TB/HIV co-infected individuals between 1st February 2014 and 30th January 2022 at Mettu Karl Referral Hospital. A Cox regression model was used to identify predictors of survival time to death among TB/HIV co-infected patients. This study comprised 402 TB and HIV co-infected adult patients. Among these, 84 (20.9%) died, and 318 (79.1%) were censored. The study subjects have been followed up for 6920 person-months with an overall median survival time of 17.6 months. The overall incidence rate was 12.1 per 1000 person months [95% CI: 9.77–14.98]. The results of a multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that being at an older age, urban residence, WHO clinical stage II & IV, CD4 count of ≥ 200 cells/mm3, bedridden functional status, using INH, and using CPT were associated with the survival time of TB and HIV co-infected patients at a significance level of alpha = 0.05. This retrospective study found that high mortality of TB/HIV co-infected patients occurred in the earlier months of treatment initiation. Close monitoring of patients with low CD4, who do not utilize CPT, who are in advanced WHO stages, and who have poor functional levels can help them improve their health and live longer.
Temporal variation and grade categorization of methane emission from LNG fueling stations
Authors: Wang Yifan , Tang Jianfeng , Xie Donglai , Li Fei , Xue Ming , Zhao Bo , Yu Xiao , Wen Xiaojin
Published: November 2022

Natural gas is increasingly seen as the fossil fuel of choice for China as it transitions to renewable sources. The significant development of China’s LNG vehicle application and fueling stations and the urgency of climate changes make it particularly important to quantify methane emission from LNG stations, where the data are extremely rare. We carried out a pilot study on direct measurement and quantitative analysis of methane emission from five LNG fueling stations located in Shandong, China following the standard stationary EPA OTM 33A method. The measured methane emission of these five stations vary from 0.01 to 8.76 kg/h. The loss rates vary from 0.004 to 0.257%. We demonstrated that the emission from LNG stations consist of continuous and intermittent contents. The intermittent emission shows a strong temporal variation. If a station is only monitored for 20 min, it may either under-estimate or over-estimate the total emission. Both the distribution of emission events and total emission rates among different stations are highly skewed. We found that these LNG fueling station emission can be categorized into 3 grades, as low, medium and high, corresponding to emission rates below 0.1 kg/h; between 0.1 and 1 kg/h and above 1 kg/h, which can be characterized by the measured average methane concentration enhancement.
A noncanonical endocytic pathway is involved in the internalization of 3 μm polystyrene beads into HeLa cells
Authors: Hirose Hisaaki , Maekawa Masashi , Ida Hiroki , Kuriyama Masashi , Takahashi Yasufumi , Futaki Shiroh
Published: November 2022

Non-phagocytic HeLa cells take up 3 μm polystyrene beads via an unconventional endocytosis pathway, different from macropinocytosis and phagocytosis.
Charge transport in liquid crystal network of terthiophene-siloxane block molecules
Authors: Sakaino Hirotoshi , Meskers Stefan C. J. , Meijer E. W. , Vantomme Ghislaine
Published: November 2022

We report that mesogens consisting of a terthiophene core and discrete oligodimethylsiloxane side-chains terminated by acrylate units can be photopolymerized in the columnar phase with retention of nanoscale order and charge transport capabilities.
Pillararene-functionalized rhodium nanoparticles for efficient catalytic reduction and photothermal sterilization
Authors: Li Qinglan , Ji Li , Jiang Beibei , Li Xiangguang , Lv Zhaoji , Xie Jinpo , Chen Siping , Xu Kailin , Yang Yingwei , Zhao Suqing
Published: November 2022

Pillar[5]arene-functionalized rhodium nanoparticles are prepared for catalytic reduction of toxic nitrophenols and azo dyes and efficient photothermal sterilization.
Growth, structural, thermal, and optical properties of a GaNbO4 single crystal
Authors: Li Yuzhen , Huang Wenwen , Gu Ximeng , Wang Yiming , Zhang Junqi , Chen Hong , Guo Shiyi
Published: November 2022

A high quality crystal of GaNbO4 was successfully grown for the first time by the Czochralski method, and the thermal and optical properties were systematically studied.
Thermoelectric performance of novel single-layer ZrTeSe4
Authors: Yun Won Seok , Lee Hyeon-Jun , Kim June-Seo , Lee Myoung-Jae , Han Sang Wook
Published: November 2022

Single-layer ZrTeSe4 is a novel 2D semiconductor as well as a promising candidate for 2D thermoelectric materials.
Three mechanisms of room temperature dynamic nuclear polarization occur simultaneously in an ionic liquid
Authors: Gizatullin Bulat , Mattea Carlos , Stapf Siegfried
Published: November 2022

For the first time, several mechanisms of dynamic nuclear polarization, namely Overhauser, solid effect and cross effect/thermal mixing, have been identified in an ionic liquid with a nitroxide radical at ambient temperatures.
Engineering chemical pathways for phase-tuned nanocrystalline iron oxides in microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis
Authors: Kandoor Shalini , Dhar Sukanya , Kumar Lavanya , Arackal Sarath , Sai Ranajit , Shivashankar Srinivasarao A.
Published: November 2022

Study of the chemistry governing the microwave assisted synthesis of iron oxides from iron acetylacetonate in decanol and its mixture with ethanol and water aids in understanding and tuning the formation of crystallographic arrangements of the oxide.
Triplet–triplet sensitizing within pyrene-based COO-BODIPY: a breaking molecular platform for annihilating photon upconversion
Authors: Schad Christopher , Avellanal-Zaballa Edurne , Rebollar Esther , Ray César , Duque-Redondo Eduardo , Moreno Florencio , Maroto Beatriz L. , Bañuelos Jorge , García-Moreno Inmaculada , De la Moya Santiago
Published: November 2022

Upconverted fluorescence assisted by triplet–triplet annihilation from heavy-atom-free photoactivatable multichromophoric organic assemblies.
Water formation on interstellar silicates: the role of Fe2+/H2 interactions in the O + H2 → H2O reaction
Authors: Serra-Peralta Marc , Domínguez-Dalmases Christian , Rimola Albert
Published: November 2022

Water formation by reaction of H2 and O on silicate surfaces as a first step towards the generation of interstellar ice mantles is possible thanks to the activation of H2 inferred by Fe2+ ions and quantum tunnelling effects.
Effects of iron substitution and anti-site disorder on crystal structures, vibrational, optical and magnetic properties of double perovskites Sr2(Fe1−xNix)TeO6
Authors: Zaraq Asmaa , Gregory Duncan H. , Orayech Brahim , Igartua Josu M. , El Bouari Abdeslam , Eales James D. , Bingham Paul A. , Gesing Thorsten M.
Published: November 2022

We report a new series of DP Sr2(Fe1−xNix)TeO6, which have different transition metal Fe and Ni on B sites, providing an opportunity to investigate their effect on crystal structure, vibrational, optical and magnetic properties.
FeS2nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide: an efficient electrocatalyst for nitrate electroreduction to ammonia
Authors: Zhang Nana , Zhang Guike , Tian Ye , Tang Yanxia , Chu Ke
Published: November 2022

FeS2/RGO has been demonstrated as an efficient and durable catalyst for electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia conversion (NO3RR), attributed to the efficient activation of NO3−on surface Fe sites to energetically facilitate the NO3RR process.
Influence of the electronic effect of an ancillary ligand on MMCT and LMCT in localized cyanide-bridged complexes containing non-innocent ligands
Authors: He Yong , Huang Ying-Ying , Fu Jin-Hui , Liu Yang , Wu Xin-Tao , Sheng Tian-Lu
Published: November 2022

For bimetallic MV complexes with non-innocent ligands, the MMCT energy in the localized system decreases significantly while the LMCT energy in the delocalized moiety increases slightly as the electronic effect of ancillary ligands is enhanced.
Thermally responsive morphological changes of layered coordination polymers induced by disordering/ordering of flexible alkyl chains
Authors: Omoto Kenichiro , Aoyama Shota , Galica Tomasz , Nishibori Eiji , Katao Shohei , Yasuhara Kazuma , Rapenne Gwénaël
Published: November 2022

Single crystals of layered coordination polymers present a thermal crystal-to-crystal phase transition dominated by disordering/ordering of flexible alkyl chains accompanied by significant morphological changes.
Duodenal infusion of soy protein hydrolysate activates cAMP signaling and hypothalamic neurotransmitter synthesis in pigs
Authors: Li Zhongxin , Ding Liren , Mu Chunlong , Zhu Weiyun , Hang Suqin
Published: November 2022

An increased soy protein hydrolysate (SPH) level promoted hypothalamic acetylcholine, dopamine, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) synthesis.
Recent microfluidic advances in submicron to nanoparticle manipulation and separation
Authors: Hettiarachchi Samith , Cha Haotian , Ouyang Lingxi , Mudugamuwa Amith , An Hongjie , Kijanka Gregor , Kashaninejad Navid , Nguyen Nam-Trung , Zhang Jun
Published: November 2022

This paper comprehensively studies the latest progress in microfluidic technology for submicron and nanoparticle manipulation by elaborating on the physics, device design, working mechanism and applications of microfluidic technologies.
Rapid parallel generation of a fluorescently barcoded drop library from a microtiter plate using the plate-interfacing parallel encapsulation (PIPE) chip
Authors: Zath Geoffrey K. , Sperling Ralph A. , Hoffman Carter W. , Bikos Dimitri A. , Abbasi Reha , Abate Adam R. , Weitz David A. , Chang Connie B.
Published: November 2022

The Plate-Interfacing Parallel Encapsulation (PIPE) microfluidic chip generates drops of up to 96 different conditions in parallel, such as barcoded drop libraries, by interfacing individual drop makers with a standard 384-well microtiter plate.
Early dynamics of the emission of solvated electrons from nanodiamonds in water
Authors: Buchner Franziska , Kirschbaum Thorren , Venerosy Amélie , Girard Hugues , Arnault Jean-Charles , Kiendl Benjamin , Krueger Anke , Larsson Karin , Bande Annika , Petit Tristan , Merschjann Christoph
Published: November 2022

Ultrafast transient absorption on nanodiamonds reveals synergistic effects between hydrogen termination and sp2-hybridized surface reconstructions, facilitating visible-light driven electron emission.
Microwave-assisted decarboxylative reactions: advanced strategies for sustainable organic synthesis
Authors: You Qingqing , Liao Mingjie , Feng Huangdi , Huang Junhai
Published: November 2022

Recent advances in the microwave-assisted decarboxylative reactions of carboxylic acids and their derivatives, including transition-metal-catalyzed and metal-free approaches, are summarized.
BiCl3 catalyzed synthesis of 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinones and 1,4-naphthoquinon-2-sulfides and one-pot sequential amine-arylation of 1,4-naphthoquinone
Authors: Bhuyan Mayurakhi , Baishya Gakul
Published: November 2022

We unveiled a BiCl3 catalyzed oxidative amination and thiolation reaction of 1,4-naphthoquinone and also developed a one-pot sequential amine-arylation of 1,4-naphthoquinone with amines and arylhydrazines/K2S2O8.
Borinane-based organoboron catalysts for alternating copolymerization of CO2with cyclic ethers: improved productivity and facile recovery
Authors: Chen Chao , Gnanou Yves , Feng Xiaoshuang
Published: November 2022

Organoboron catalysts including an ammonium salt separated by a few carbon–carbon bonds to a boron center were designed and synthesized. Borinane-based organoboron catalysts exhibited highest activity for the copolymerization of CO2and epoxides.
A novel family of small molecule HIF-1 alpha stabilizers for the treatment of diabetic wounds; an integratedin silico,in vitro, andin vivostrategy
Authors: M. Esakkimuthukumar , Swaroop Akey Krishna , Patnaik Sunil Kumar , Kumar R. Rajesh , T. K. Praveen , Naik Mudavath Ravi , S. Jubie
Published: November 2022

2,3,5-Tri substituted pyrazole analogues are identified as HIF-1α mimetics, which block the VHL interaction for diabetic wound healing therapy.
Comparison of surface passivation modification of two mordenite zeolites and their application on the isomerisation of o-ethyltoluene
Authors: Cao Xiaoyan , Wang Kaijun , Kong Lingxin , Gu Zhenggui , Wang Fang
Published: November 2022

During the isomerisation of o-ethyltoluene (O-ET) to produce m-ethyltoluene (M-ET) and p-ethyltoluene (P-ET), it is crucial to improve the isomerisation selectivity and reduce side reactions, such as disproportionation, alkyl transfer, and splitting.
Black phosphorous/palladium functionalized carbon aerogel nanocomposite for highly efficient ethanol electrooxidation
Authors: Abdelwahab Ibrahim , Abdelwahab Abdalla
Published: November 2022

A black phosphorus/palladium (BP/Pd) nanohybrid catalyst embedded in a carbon aerogel matrix exhibits remarkable electroactivity and durability for ethanol electrooxidation in an alkaline medium.
Supramolecular template-directed synthesis of triazole oligomers
Authors: Fasano Francesco , Bolgar Peter , Iadevaia Giulia , Hunter Christopher A.
Published: November 2022

A supramolecular metalloporphyrin assembly was used as a disposable template for controlling the oligomerisation of covalently attached monomer building blocks to give a linear oligomeric product that is not accessible via untemplated reactions.
A mechanism of strain hardening and Bauschinger effect: shear-history-dependent microstructure of elasto-plastic suspensions
Authors: Deboeuf Stéphanie , Ducloué Lucie , Lenoir Nicolas , Ovarlez Guillaume
Published: November 2022

Elasto-plastic hard-particle suspensions show remarkable strain hardening and Bauschinger effect, which are related to shear-history-dependent anisotropic microstructure (pair distribution functions), with a crucial role of contacts and roughness.
Insights into capillary-driven motion of micro-particles interacting with advancing meniscus on a substrate
Authors: Sajjad Muhammad , Li Hongxia , Raza Aikifa , AlMarzooqi Faisal , Zhang TieJun
Published: November 2022

Insights into the capillary-driven motion of micro-particles on interaction with advancing meniscus are presented. The interaction features a ballistic-like motion of particles toward the interacting meniscus with velocities as high as 0.46 m s−1.
MXene with controlled surface termination groups for boosting photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Wu Zihao , Zong Hui , Fu Baihe , Zhang Zhonghai
Published: November 2022

MXenes with different surface termination groups are synthesized as electron transfer layer to modulate the interface between the photo-responsive semiconductor and current collector, and significantly improves the photoelectrochemical performance.
Bio-inspired micro area concentrated array assisted perovskite photodetector toward weak light imaging
Authors: Guo Lutong , Zhang Kun , Tao Mingquan , Zhao Rudai , Wu Tingqing , Wang Yang , Song Yanlin
Published: November 2022

A perovskite photodetector with bio-inspired micro area concentrated structures has been fabricated for weak light imaging. The photodetector exhibits high detectivity (1.37 × 1013Jones), and it can achieve weak light imaging under 0.64 μW cm−2.
Distributed wireless network resource optimisation method based on mobile edge computing
Authors: Jiang Jiongting , Quan Chao , Qian Kai , Pan Jiefeng , Yang Yueping
Published: November 2022

For caching and forwarding problems in mobile networks, a new method of caching and forwarding in mobile networks based on boundary computing is proposed. Using Problem Optimisation to Transform Joint Optimal Problems into Linear Programming Problems and online algorithms, such as real‐time caching and forwarding, are designed. The network ranking leader, consumption amount, and network signal reception of the three algorithms are compared. The study found that in terms of network sort captain, there are significant differences between the CPLEX algorithm, the cell clustering for spatial transcriptomics (CCST) algorithm, and edge computing methods. The CCST algorithm and edge computing have little difference in queue length with small queue length and low latency. However, the CPLEX algorithm has a long queue, resulting in high latency. In terms of amount spent, at the beginning, the edge computing method requires more costly than the linear programming method. But as the beta value increases, so does its amount spent. Although the amount spent of the CPLEX algorithm is low, it is not accepted by users in terms of network delay. In terms of the network signal reception, the edge computing method is 18.3% higher than the linear programming method, and the network signal reception of the CPLEX algorithm is low. Under the premise of higher network signal reception and smaller queue length, higher delivery costs can be achieved and can be adjusted by the size. It can make the consumption amount and the network congestion level to be satisfied.
Modeling disks and magnetic outflows around a forming massive star
Authors: Oliva André , Kuiper Rolf
Published: November 2022

Context.Forming massive stars launch outflows of magnetic origin, which in fact serve as a marker for finding sites of massive star formation. However, both the theoretical and observational study of the mechanisms that intervene in the formation and propagation of such magnetically driven outflows has been possible only until recent years.

Aims.With this work, we aim to study the mechanisms that drive highly collimated outflows from early stages of the formation of a massive star, in detail, and how those processes are impacted by the properties of the natal environment of the forming massive star.

Methods.We performed a series of 31 simulations with the aim of building a unified theoretical picture of these mechanisms, and determined how the impact of different environments alter their morphology and momentum output. The magnetohydrodynamical simulations also consider Ohmic dissipation as a nonideal effect, self-gravity, and diffusive radiation transport for thermal absorption and emission by the dust and gas. We started from a collapsing cloud core that is threaded by an initially uniform magnetic field and which is slowly rotating. We utilized a two-dimensional axisymmetric grid in spherical coordinates.

Results.In the simulations, we can clearly distinguish a fast, magneto-centrifugally launched and collimated jet (of speeds ≳100 km s−1), from a wider magnetic tower flow driven by magnetic pressure which broadens in time. We analyze the acceleration of the flow, in detail, and its recollimation by magnetic forces happening at distances of several hundreds of astronomical units. We quantify the impact of magnetic braking in the outflows, which narrows the outflow cavity for the late evolution of the system. We find that despite the nonscalability of self-gravity and the thermodynamics of the medium, our results scale with the mass of the cloud core and can, in principle, be used with a range of values for such mass. We observe the presence of the same jet-driving mechanisms for a wide range of assumptions on the natal environment of the massive protostar, but with changes to their morphology and mechanical feedback into larger scales over time.
Bradykarde Herzrhythmusstörungen – neue Devices und Techniken
Authors: Reincke Samuel , Delgado Maryuri , Vogler Julia , Tilz Roland Richard
Published: November 2022

Was ist neu?

Neue ESC-Leitlinien Um die Beurteilung und Behandlung von Patienten mit Bradykardie weiter zu optimieren, sind im vergangenen Jahr neue Leitlinien zur Herzschrittmacher-Therapie und kardialen Resynchronisationstherapie der European Society of Cardiology (ESC) erschienen. Diese beinhalten neue Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik, zum Umgang mit Reflexsynkopen und zu Behandlungsalgorithmen bei Synkopen und Schenkelblöcken.

Sondenlose Schrittmacher Die Nutzung sondenloser Schrittmacher wird bei ausgewählten und insbesondere multimorbiden Patienten als Alternative zur herkömmlichen transvenösen Schrittmacher-Implantation diskutiert.

Conduction System Pacing Das Conduction System Pacing als physiologische Stimulationsform wurde erstmalig in die Leitlinien aufgenommen.
N-Fluorenyltryptamines as a Useful Platform for Catalytic Enantio­selective Pictet–Spengler Reactions
Authors: Adili Alafate , Sole Aniket V. , Seidel Daniel , Das Bishwaprava , Matter Megan E.
Published: November 2022

In the presence of a thiourea–carboxylic acid catalyst, N-9-fluorenyltryptamines undergo highly enantioselective Pictet–Spengler reactions with a range of aldehydes. The reaction works particularly well with aromatic aldehydes, tolerating electronically diverse substituents in all ring positions. Electron-deficient tryptamines are viable substrates. Removal of the fluorenyl protecting group is readily accomplished without deterioration of product ee.
Borylation of Alkenyl Carbamates by Means of Sodium Metal
Authors: Yorimitsu Hideki , Koyama Shunsuke , Takahashi Fumiya , Saito Hayate
Published: November 2022

Treatment of alkenyl carbamates with sodium dispersion and a co-existing boron electrophile affords alkenylboronates via the reductive cleavage of the vinylic C–O bond. The key to this borylation is an instant trapping of reactive organosodium species with the co-existing boron electrophile.
Using New Hampshire Colonoscopy Registry data to assess United States and European post-polypectomy surveillance guidelines
Authors: Liu Margaret C. , Anderson Joseph C. , Hisey William , MacKenzie Todd A. , Robinson Christina M. , Butterly Lynn F.
Published: November 2022

Background Our goal was to compare the updated European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and United States Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer (USMSTF) high risk groups in predicting metachronous advanced neoplasia on first follow-up colonoscopy and long-term colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods We compared advanced metachronous neoplasia risk (serrated polyps ≥ 1 cm or with dysplasia, advanced adenomas [≥ 1 cm, villous, high grade dysplasia], CRC) on first surveillance colonoscopy in patients with high risk findings according to ESGE versus USMSTF guidelines. We also compared the positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of both guidelines for metachronous neoplasia.

Results The risk for metachronous neoplasia in our sample (n = 20 458) was higher in the high risk USMSTF (3 year) (13.6 %; 95 %CI 12.3–14.9) and ESGE groups (13.6 %; 95 %CI 12.3–15.0) compared with the lowest risk USMSTF (5.1 %; 95 %CI 4.7–5.5; P < 0.001) and ESGE categories (6.3 %; 95 %CI 6.0–6.7; P < 0.001), respectively. Adding other groups such as USMSTF 5–10-year and 3–5-year groups to the 3-year category resulted in minimal change in the PPV and NPV for metachronous advanced neoplasia. High risk ESGE (hazard ratio [HR] 3.03, 95 %CI 1.97–4.65) and USMSTF (HR 3.07, 95 %CI 2.03–4.66) designations were associated with similar long-term CRC risk (CRC per 100 000 person-years: USMSTF 3-year group 3.54, 95 %CI 2.68–4.68; ESGE high risk group: 3.43, 95 %CI 2.57–4.59).

Conclusion Performance characteristics for the ESGE and USMSTF recommendations are similar in predicting metachronous advanced neoplasia and long-term CRC. The addition of risk groups, such as the USMSTF 5–10-year and 3–5-year groups to the USMSTF 3-year category did not alter the PPV or NPV significantly.
Internal Offloading or Surgical Offloading Adjuvant Techniques in the Reconstruction of Diabetic Plantar First Metatarsal Head Ulcer For Lasting Results
Authors: Balakrishnan Thalaivirithan Margabandu , Madhurbootheswaran Srividya , Butcha Vanya , Elangovan Anjana , Jaganmohan J.
Published: November 2022

Introduction Management of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) is subverted by recurrences. The main cause for the recurrence of DFUs is the failure to recognize and address all the faulty biomechanics precipitating and perpetuating the ulcer. So, we have devised a protocol for treating the diabetic plantar first metatarsal head ulcer (DPFMHUs) incorporating structured internal offloading procedures in conjunction with reconstruction.

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate our protocol in the management of DPFMHUs.

Materials and Methods Fifty-one patients (31 males and 20 females) with DPFMHUs were managed with our protocol in this prospective cohort study conducted from March 2015 to March 2020. All the faulty biomechanics were addressed by tailored internal offloading procedure as per the protocol.

Results All patients were followed up for an average period of 23.7 months. Early complications were in the form of wound infection (3 patients, 5.9%) and seroma/hematoma (2 patients, 3.9%). Late complication in the form of recurrence was seen only in one patient (1.9%); rest of the patients had no recurrence (98%). Transfer lesions were noted in six patients (11.8%).

Conclusion Our tailored protocol, which addresses all the faulty biomechanics associated with the DPFMHU, may be very helpful in preventing the recurrence and to give lasting results. It is imperative to design a tailored internal/surgical offloading procedure for all deforming forces that are responsible for precipitation and perpetuation of DPFMHUs, in addition to like tissue reconstruction.
Assessment of Four Serum Biochemical Markers in Elderly Patients with Vascular Dementia after Cerebral Infarction and Their Response to Donepezil and Idebenone
Authors: Liu Jianlin , Li Qin , Peng Tao , Zhou Qianwen , He Bihua , Zhu Bifeng
Published: November 2022

Objective Our study aimed to explore four serum levels of biochemical markers, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), homocysteine (Hcy), nitric oxide (NO), and γ-interferon (IFN-γ), in elderly patients with vascular dementia (VD) after the cerebral infarction and to elucidate possible connections between them.

Method The elderly patients with VD after cerebral infarction admitted in our hospital, and the elderly persons for physical examination from November 2020 to December 2021 were included in this study. The serum levels of BDNF, Hcy, NO, and IFN-γ were compared between the study group and the control group.

Results In the study group, the serum levels of Hcy and IFN-γ were significantly higher than that in the control group, whereas significantly lower serum levels of BDNF and NO were found in the study group compared with the control group. After receiving the intervention of donepezil and/or idebenone, the serum levels of Hcy and IFN-γ in group B were significantly lower than that in group A, while the serum levels of BDNF and NO in group B were significantly higher than that in Group A.

Conclusion The results of our study showed abnormally expressed serum levels of Hcy, IFN-γ, BDNF, and NO in elderly patients with VD after cerebral infarction which might strongly reflect the severity of VD. Moreover, after intervention of donepezil alone or combined with idebenone, the changes of serum levels of Hcy, IFN-γ, BDNF, and NO may reflect the curative effect of the disease.
The axiomatic and the operational approaches to resource theories of magic do not coincide
Authors: Heimendahl Arne , Heinrich Markus , Gross David
Published: November 2022

Stabilizer operations (SO) occupy a prominent role in fault-tolerant quantum computing. They are defined operationally by the use of Clifford gates, Pauli measurements, and classical control. These operations can be efficiently simulated on a classical computer, a result which is known as the Gottesman–Knill theorem. However, an additional supply of magic states is enough to promote them to a universal, fault-tolerant model for quantum computing. To quantify the needed resources in terms of magic states, a resource theory of magic has been developed. SO are considered free within this theory; however, they are not the most general class of free operations. From an axiomatic point of view, these are the completely stabilizer-preserving (CSP) channels, defined as those that preserve the convex hull of stabilizer states. It has been an open problem to decide whether these two definitions lead to the same class of operations. In this work, we answer this question in the negative, by constructing an explicit counter-example. This indicates that recently proposed stabilizer-based simulation techniques of CSP maps are strictly more powerful than Gottesman–Knill-like methods. The result is analogous to a well-known fact in entanglement theory, namely, that there is a gap between the operationally defined class of local operations and classical communication and the axiomatically defined class of separable channels.
Kundt three-dimensional left invariant spacetimes
Authors: Boucetta Mohamed , Meliani Aissa , Zeghib Abdelghani
Published: November 2022

Kundt spacetimes are of great importance to general relativity. We show that a Kundt spacetime is a Lorentz manifold with a non-singular isotropic geodesic vector field having its orthogonal distribution integrable and determining a totally geodesic foliation. We give the local structure of Kundt spacetimes and some properties of left invariant Kundt structures on Lie groups. Finally, we classify all left invariant Kundt structures on three-dimensional simply connected unimodular Lie groups.
A reformulation of the brain’s magneto-quasistatic approximation and a formalism for the long-distance magnetic field generated by populations of neurons
Authors: García Rodríguez Alexis O. , Destexhe Alain
Published: November 2022

To evaluate the long-distance magnetic field generated by neurons, we propose a reformulation of the brain’s magneto-quasistatic approximation based on the Jefimenko’s time-dependent generalization of the Biot–Savart law. This differs from the traditional approach relying on Maxwell’s equations and not on their general solution. Instead of a typical length of the medium in the conventional approach, we use the signal traveling distance |r−r′¯|, from the farthest source point r′¯ to the field point r, as the proper length to define the quasistatic dynamics. We consider relatively low frequencies below a typical value fmax=100Hz. The quasistatic approximation is justified since (2πfmax)2|r−r′¯|2ϵμ0≈4×10−7≪1. We take |r−r′¯|≈0.1m, with the gray matter permittivity, previously underestimated, to be ϵ≈107ϵ0. A formalism for the long-distance magnetic field generated by neuronal populations is then developed. Each population is described as a region of small dimensions compared to the average distance from the field point. We split the impressed current density into synaptic and action potential contributions and study their magnetic field. Assuming a small contribution of the impressed currents at the region boundary surface, we obtain two equivalent expressions of the synaptic current dipole moment in terms of the scalar potential and/or its spatial derivatives. Using Maxwell–Wagner’s time, the synaptic current dipole moment of a region is also shown to be related to the electric dipole moment of each part with uniform conductivity and permittivity. Finally, the long-distance magnetic field of action potential currents is expressed in terms of the magnetic dipole moment for these currents.
Toward fully coherent soft x-ray free-electron laser via echo-enabled harmonic generation in fourth generation synchrotron light sources
Authors: Yang X. , Penn G. , Smaluk V. , Huang X. , Yu L. H. , Shaftan T.
Published: November 2022

Having previously reported on bunching via echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) as an effective way to improve the longitudinal coherence in the NSLS-II storage ring [X. Yang et al., Sci. Rep. 12, 9437 (2022)], we demonstrate that this EEHG scheme can be easily adopted to any fourth generation diffraction-limited synchrotron light source with significant benefits. The advantage of the scheme is that it requires no change of the lattice and is fully compatible with other beamlines. Since the EEHG performance is mainly determined by the momentum compaction, beam emittances, and beta functions of a SR lattice, we have identified these crucial parameters and successfully built a generalized model, which can predict the performance of nearly any SLS. Regarding the fourth generation SLSs, momentum compactions are often significantly smaller; thus, to cover the x rays with a photon energy of up to 1 keV, we utilize a specific design, including a 250 nm seed-laser wavelength. Our model predicts that for most of the current and future fourth generation SLSs, the EEHG scheme can produce significant prebunching up to harmonic 200 and, thus, generate a few MW scale peak power at 1.25 nm wavelength.
Linear quaternion-valued difference equations: Representation of solutions, controllability, and observability
Authors: Chen Dan , Fečkan Michal , Wang JinRong
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we present the fundamental theory of linear quaternion-valued difference equations. Firstly, we derive general solutions for linear homogeneous equations and give the algorithm for calculating the fundamental matrix in the case of the diagonalizable form and Jordan form. Secondly, we apply the variation of the constant formula and Z transformation to study general solutions of linear nonhomogeneous equations. We obtain the representation of solutions in the case of quaternion and complex numbers. Thirdly, we adopt the ideas from the Gram matrix and the rank of the criteria to establish sufficient and necessary conditions to guarantee that linear quaternion-valued difference equations are controllable and observable in the sense of quaternion-valued and complex numbers, respectively. In addition, a direct method to solve the control function and duality is also given. Finally, we illustrate our theoretical results with some examples.