bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Behaviour of Shredded Waste Paper Reinforced Concrete Beam
Authors: Azuwa Solahuddin , Mat Yahaya Fadzil
Published: May 2021

Cement, sand, coarse aggregate, water and reinforcing bar are the materials to make a reinforced concrete beam. The waste paper has been dumped as waste and causes environmental pollution behind mill or landfill. The industry paper wastage for every year is increasing gradually. More spaces are being needed for landfills, uses energy loss of natural resources and increase of expenditure and various types of pollutions. Utilizing waste paper as an addition in reinforced concrete beam production will reduce environmental pollutions. This research is conducted to investigate the structural behaviour of reinforced concrete beam containing 10% shredded mixed and cardboard waste paper as additions in concrete with three types of reinforcements such as full shear reinforcement with stirrup spacing (SS=100 mm) and reduced shear reinforcements with stirrup spacing (SS=150 mm) and (SS=200 mm). All specimens are subjected to air curing at 28 days. The results of load-deflection behaviour and ultimate load-bearing capacity are better with 10% shredded mixed and cardboard waste paper at 28 days of air curing with full and reduced shear reinforcements. The finding shows that reinforced concrete beam with full and reduced shear reinforcements containing 10% addition of shredded cardboard waste paper in concrete exhibits the highest load at yield (Py), ultimate load (Pu), maximum load (Pmax) representing the load-carrying capacity, load at first crack (P1) and the lowest yield deflection (δy), ultimate deflection (δu), maximum deflection (δmax) compared to 10% SCPWP and 0%. This study indicates that shredded mixed and cardboard waste paper can be used as additional materials in reinforced concrete beam production.
Development a new costing structure using time driven activity-based costing for palm oil plantation
Authors: Mohd Zaini Sri Nur Areena , Abu Mohd Yazid
Published: May 2021

Palm oil is one of the world's most traded farming commodities. The Malaysian palm oil industry is without a doubt to the nation's pride. However, there are few problems currently happen in this plantation which are no establishment of time equation to interpret deviation of activities, the rate establishment did not properly illustrate the correlation between supplied resources and practical capacity, and the manager did not have a tool to monitor the unused capacity. The aim of this work is to develop a new costing structure for a better accuracy specifically at nursery. Time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) was applied because it can effectively measure the time efficiency, accurately identifies the idle capacity and separately lists the used and unused capacity. It also provides more comprehensive understanding of practical resources and its associated costs while measuring processes and encouraging quality improvement. The plantation located at Pahang which has three main divisions and this work was focussing on nursery only. This work found that a precise process mapping for nursery was developed to understand their specific sequence which contributes to time equations. Subsequently, the total used capacity and capacity cost rate (CCR) for pre-nursery was successfully developed with 98220 minutes and 0.168 RM/minute respectively. Eventually, the manager can observe that actually the unused capacity was 37515.31 min which can be used to systematically develop the capacity planning on the pre-nursery.
Effect of Temperature on Diffusivity of Monoethanolamine (MEA) on Absorption Process for CO2 Capture
Authors: Masiren E.E. , Ibrahim W.H.W , Harun N. , Adam F.
Published: May 2021

iffusion coefficient study gains an interest to know the mass transfer properties of molecules especially in study of the absorption process. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of temperature on diffusivity of MEA absorption process for CO₂ capture. Three different values of process temperature were chosen for simulation was carried out at 25°C, 40°C. The MD simulation was carried out at NVE (200ps) and NPT (INS) ensemble in Material Studio 7.0 software.
Comparison of total phenolic and flavonoids contents in Malaysian propolis extract with two different extraction solvents
Authors: Mokhtar Siti Umairah
Published: May 2021

This study is aimed to prepare propolis extracts by using two different solvents which are ethanol and water via maceration method and to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid components of the extract. Optimization of the extraction process was done by using different solvents and sample-to-solvent ratio. The ethanolic and water extracts were analysed for the determination of Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) by using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method and Aluminimum chloride method, respectively. Based on sample-to-solvent ratio, it showed that 1:10 gave the highest percentage yield compared to other ratio for both solvents. Ethanolic extract resulted contains high phenolic and flavonoids content compared to water extract. The result showed that sample-to-solvent ratio 1:5 gave highest TPC and TFC in ethanolic extract which are 29.09 and 7.75 mg GAE/g, respectively. In conclusion, this study revealed that ethanol is the best extraction solvent to be used for propolis extraction compared to water. It is also demonstrated that higher volume of solvent does not leads to high values of TPC and TFC. The optimum extraction parameters and conditions are necessary to be obtained in order to extract high TPC and TFC.
Transient Stability Improvement using Resistive-type Superconducting Fault Current Limiters (R-SFCL)
Authors: Ignatius Okakwu Kema
Published: May 2021

The rapid growth in the demand for electrical energy due to the astronomic growth in population has led to increase in the system fault current levels. This increase in fault current if not properly checked, could lead to system collapse. Superconducting Fault Current Limiters (SFCLs) are used in power system networks to mitigate against high fault current levels. In this study, the transient stability enhancement capability of three commercially available Resistive-type Superconducting Fault Current Limiters (R-SFCLs) based on Yttrium-Barium-Copper-Oxide (YBCO) and Bismuth-Strontium-Calcium-Copper-Oxide (BSCCO) Coated Conductors of different lengths were simulated. The test case was the Nigeria 330kV transmission network. The Runge-Kutta method was used to solve the differential equations characterizing the swing equations of the generators. The proposed method shows the effectiveness of the SFCL in enhancing transient stability of a Multi-Machine System.
Loose Fruit Collector Machine in Malaysia: A Review
Authors: Mohd Yusoff Mohd Zulfahmi
Published: May 2021

Malaysia is the world’s second largest producer of palm oil after Indonesia. There are six main processes in most commercial palm oil production. In harvesting, the collection of loose fruit is an important process because the loose fruit contain the highest percentage of oil compared to fresh fruit bunch. Thus, the loose fruit collection process needs to be taken into consideration. In order to properly manage the collection of clean loose fruit, there is a need for a loose fruit-collecting machine that can collect the loose fruit efficiently. In this paper, a loose fruit collecting machine and roller type oil palm loose fruit picker in Malaysia are reviewed and the advantages and disadvantages of these two machines categories are discussed. These two machines could provide significant advantages to the industry by increasing productivity through the efficient collection of loose fruit.

 

Keywords: Oil palm, loose fruit, fresh fruit bunch
Comparison of Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Centella asiatica Extracts Obtained by Three Extraction Techniques
Authors: Wan Zainal Wan Nurul Huda , MUSAHIB FARA RESTINA , ZULKEFLEE NABILAH SYAFIQAH
Published: May 2021

Through different extraction techniques, the potential of Centella asiatica as a natural source of antioxidant was investigated. The C. asiatica aqueous extracts were obtained via infusion, decoction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) techniques. The effects of different extraction techniques were studied on the extraction yield, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. The total phenolic contents of the extracts and antioxidant activity were examined using the Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay, respectively. Results indicated that the UAE exhibited the highest extraction yield, highest total phenolic contents, as well as highest antioxidant activity. The yield of the extracts increased in the order of infusion < decoction < UAE which were 18.2 %, 23.6% and 25.4 %, respectively. All extraction techniques had a significant effect (p <0.05) on the total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of C. asiatica extracts. The total phenolic contents was ranged from 3.42 ± 0.030 to 8.32 ± 0.105 mg GAE/g dry extract while the antioxidant activity was in the range of 75 to 86 %. This study confirms that C. asiatica has the potential to be a good resource for the future development of natural antioxidant. In addition, extraction via UAE can be an ideal technique to obtain phytochemical-rich extracts from medicinal plants.
Coming Home: A Journey Through the Trans-Systematic Knowledge Systems
Authors: Henderson Sakej , Little Bear Leroy
Published: June 2021

In the Exchanges, we present conversations with scholars and practitioners of community engagement, responses to previously published material, and other reflections on various aspects of community-engaged scholarship meant to provoke further dialogue and discussion. In this section, we invite our readers to offer their thoughts and ideas on the meanings and understandings of engaged scholarship, as practiced in local or faraway communities, diverse cultural settings, and in various disciplinary contexts. We especially welcome community-based scholars’ views and opinions on their collaborations with university-based partners in particular and engaged scholarship in general. 

In this issue, we present a discussion between Sa’ke’j James Youngblood Henderson and Dr. Leroy Little Bear from November 2020.
Contempt of Court bagi Pejabat Negara yang tidak Melaksanakan Putusan Tata Usaha Negara
Authors: Rizkianto Kus
Published: May 2021

Sanctions in the form of announcements in the mass media, administrative sanctions, and forced payment of money can be given to State Officials who do not comply with the orders of the State Administrative Court. Even though there are such sanctions, the Administrative Court Decision cannot be implemented. The purpose of this research is descriptive analyticals with a philosophical approach, namely reviewing legal issues from the good value that should be. The results show that Contempt Of Court or criminal acts of Contempt of Court can be implemented to State Officials who do not comply with court orders. A regulation is needed so that State Officials who do not obey the Court's orders can be punishment. The results of this research indicate that there are obstacles in implementing the Administrative Court Decisions, such as no cooperation from State Officials to comply with Court orders, there is no budget and execution agency related to the Administrative Court Decisions, and the lack of statutory regulations. If the provisions of the Contempt of Court are implemented, justice, and legal certainty for the parties will be achieved. Keyword : Contempt Of Court; State Administrative Court Abstrak Sanksi berupa pengumuman di media massa, sanksi administratif, dan pembayaran uang paksa dapat diberikan kepada Pejabat Negara yang tidak mematuhi perintah Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara (PTUN). Meskipun terdapat sanksi seperti itu, Putusan PTUN tetap tidak dapat dilaksanakan. Tujuan penelitian bersifat deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan filosofis yaitu meninjau permasalahan hukum dari nilai ideal yang semestinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Contempt Of Court atau tindak pidana penghinaan terhadap pengadilan bisa diberikan kepada Pejabat Negara yang tidak mematuhi perintah pengadilan. Dengan demikian diperlukan regulasi yang khusus mengaturnya agar Pejabat Negara yang tidak mematuhi perintah Pengadilan dapat dipidana. Hasil penelitian berikutnya menunjukkan adanya hambatan-hambatan dalam pelaksanaan Putusan PTUN yaitu tidak ada kerja sama dari Pejabat Negara untuk mematuhi perintah Pengadilan, tidak ada anggaran dan lembaga eksekusi terkait Putusan PTUN, dan minimnya peraturan perundang-undangan. Jika ketentuan Contempt of Court dilaksanakan maka keadilan, kemanfaatan dan kepastian hukum bagi para pihak akan tercapai karena Putusan PTUN dapat dieksekusi. Kata Kunci : Contempt Of Court; Putusan PTUN
Peran Bisnis Youtube Reyhan Entertainment Pada Pemerataan Ekonomi Islam Di Desa Tapen Bondowoso
Authors: Mashuri Adelya Shinta , Suryaningsih Sri Abidah
Published: May 2021

This research was conducted to know the effect of the Youtube business on economic equity from the perspective of Islamic economics in Tapen Bondowoso. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach by collecting data to get a clear picture of the problem under investigation. The result of this research is that Reyhan Entertainment's YouTube business can raise people's income in Tapen Bondowoso Village. The majority of the population in Tapen Village are high school or vocational school graduates who are still productive, do not have a job, and make a living as agricultural labourers. The Reyhan Entertainment Youtube business in Tapen Village can open jobs so that some people become employees with incomes above Bondowoso UMR. Based on economic equity in an Islamic financial perspective, the Youtube business only fulfils four of the five indicators of Islamic economic equality based on Umer Chapra's theory. The indicators that fulfilled are: (1) providing training and job vacancies; (2) distributing appropriate and appropriate wages to workers; (3) helping people with mental or physical disabilities to have a decent life; (4) obey the laws that have decided regarding the collection and utilization of zakat, infaq and shadaqoh (ZIS).Keywords : Islamic Economics; Equity; Youtube; TapenAbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bisnis Youtube terhadap pemerataan ekonomi dalam prespektif ekonomi islam di Desa Tapen Bondowoso. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, dengan cara mengumpulkan data sehingga mendapatkan gambaran yang jelas mengenai masalah yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu bisnis Youtube Reyhan Entertainment dapat mengangkat pendapatan masyarakat di Desa Tapen Bondowoso. Mayoritas penduduk di Desa Tapen yaitu  lulusan SMA atau SMK yang masih produktif, belum memiliki pekerjaan , dan bermata pencaharian sebagai buruh tani. Berdirinya bisnis Youtube Reyhan Entertainment di  Desa Tapen  dapat membuka lapangan pekerjaan sehingga beberapa masyarakat menjadi karyawan dengan pendapatan di atas UMR Bondowoso. Berdasarkan pemerataan ekonomi dalam prespektif ekonomi islam bisnis Youtube tersebut hanya memenuhi empat indikator dari lima indikator pemerataan ekonomi islam berdasarkan teori Umer Chapra. Indikator yang terpenuhi adalah: (1) memberikan pelatihan dan lowongan pekerjaan; (2) membagikan upah yang sesuai dan pantas pada pekerja; (3) membantu masyarakat yang mengalami cacat mental ataupun fisik agar memiliki kehidupan yang layak; (4) menaati undang-undang yang sudah diputuskan mengenai pengumpulkan dan mendayagunakan zakat, infaq dan shadaqoh (ZIS).Kata Kunci : Ekonomi Islam; Pemerataan; Youtube; Tapen
Effect of rose extract treatment on soluble CCR5 and CXCR4 secretion by the endothelial cells in vitro
Authors: Arokiaraj Mark Christopher , Menesson Eric
Published: May 2021

Background: CC-Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5) and Chemokine C-X-C-Motif Receptor 4 (CXCR4) are expressed in various tissues, and they are potential molecules involved in multiple pathways. CCR5 and CXCR4 targets are associated with immune regulation in patients in multiple tissues and numerous clinical conditions. The study was performed searching for a novel therapy for immune regulation on these CCR5 and CXCR4 receptors with rose extract.
Methods: The crushed red rose extract was prepared, and it was processed for analysis. The HUVEC cells were obtained for seeding in the cell culture. The cells were tested in normal physiological conditions and varying degrees of hypoxia. The cells were treated with extract for 72 hours, and the resultant secreted supernatants were analyzed for expression of CCR5 and CXCR4 by the Elisa technique.
Results: The CCR5 levels were significantly elevated at normoxia compared to untreated controls. The surge of CCR5 was persistent in 12% hypoxia, and at higher degrees of hypoxia, the levels were mildly lower than the untreated levels. The CXCR4 levels were not changed in normoxia, and even with significant hypoxia, the levels were similar or mildly reduced compared to untreated values.
Conclusion: The rose extract has the potentials to induce the secretion of soluble CCR5 from the HUVEC cells, and it can prevent the reduction of soluble CXCR4 levels during the hypoxic challenge of the endothelial cells. This in-turn can modulate the receptor levels on the endothelial cells, which has clinical applications.
Quaternary blended cement mortars containing wood ash, glass and slag powders
Authors: Thanon Dawood Eethar , Saadi Mhmood Marwa
Published: June 2021

A quaternary supplementary cementitious materials as partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement decreases CO2 emission. This paper has investigated the properties of mortars made from different quaternary blends of wood ash, steel slag powder and glass powder with ordinary Portland cement at different replacement levels of 0, 24, 25, and 30% by weight of the binder. The blended mortar mixtures tested for flow, compressive strength and density. The results showed that the flow of mortars is decreased with the combined use of steel slag powder, glass powder, and wood ash compared with control mix. Compressive strength reduced with the combination of steel slag powder, glass powder and wood ash but this reduction effects is acceptable especially at 24% replacement contain super-plasticizer compared with the ecological benefit.
A lightweight shelter for the survivors after 2016 earthquake in Accumoli
Authors: Gueroui Asma , Halada Miklos , Fatehifar Ehsan
Published: June 2021

On August 24th, 2016, the town of Accumoli has suffered from a strong earthquake of 6.2 magnitudes, which caused a life loss, destroyed buildings, and huge numbers of homeless people. Now, four years after the earthquake, the village has not yet been reconstructed, no long-term housing has been provided for the inhabitants, and even the rubble of the destroyed houses has not been removed from the site. The significance of this paper is to provide some design scenarios for shelters using wood and membrane as construction materials, in order to provide housing in Accumoli for the existing population in a new site next to the destroyed one. These proposed design projects are part of the consortium of the “Scuola di Ricostruzione di Accumoli”.
Bryophyte Diversity in Mount Prau, Blumah Village, Central Java
Authors: Lianah Lianah , Kusumarini Niken , Rochmah Fitriana , Orsida Fadla , Mukhlisi Mukhlisi , Ahmad Milya Ulfa , Nadhifah Ainun
Published: June 2021

Bryophytes are a major component of the ecosystem in Indonesia. Due to their sensitiveness, the abundance and diversity of bryophytes in an ecosystem are influenced by environmental conditions. This study aimed to determine the diversity of bryophytes based on ecological parameters in the village of Blumah Kecaman Plantungan, Kendal Regency which is directly adjacent to the Mount Prau protected forest, Central Java. The data collection method used was the exploratory method and the descriptive exploratory method with survey techniques. Observation was carried out by exploring an area of  3 kilometers, every 1 km distance. An observation station was made consisting of station 1 Jiwan hamlet, station 2 Garung, and station 3 at Cengkek and Gondan springs. The specimens were identified based on taxonomic literature. Each species was collected as a specimen for further identification in the laboratory. Abiotic environment parameters such as temperature, humidity, altitude, light intensity, pH and slope were observed. The results showed that Blumah village still has high plant diversity, especially bryophytes. The more humid, the higher the place, the lower the temperature and light intensity, the more species diversity. Based on the identification results, 21 species were recorded, which includes 15 species of mosses, 4 species of liverworts, and 2 species of hornworts. The index value of bryophyte species diversity was in the medium category, and the index value of species richness and species dominance were at low levels.
So, This is America?
Authors: Fevrius Rochilda
Published: June 2021

In this poem, the author sheds light on the struggles of police brutality, racism, and injustice that rampage through the Black community. The author’s poem illustrates the feeling of devastation from the lack of equality and justice for Black individuals in America, who constantly live-in fear. The author is a Black woman, who witnesses and experiences discrimination and unfairness, and questions is this what America really is? She writes this poem in an effort to hold the disruptive systems in America, racist individuals, and brutal police accountable for their damage and destruction of Black people and Black communities. The poem was unfortunately inspired by the killings of innocent Black individuals such as Daunte Wright, Brandon Bernard, Breonna Taylor, George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery, and the many other Black lives reduced to a hashtag.
TOXICIDADE DO LODO GERADO PELO TRATAMENTO BIOLÓGICO DA ÁGUA DE PRODUÇÃO, NO TERMINAL MARÍTIMO ALMIRANTE BARROSO, MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO SEBASTIÃO, SP
Authors: Guerra R.C. , Angelis D.F.
Published: June 2021

RESUMO A exploração dos campos produtores de petróleo tem como característica a extração de uma parcela de água misturada ao óleo. Esta água deve ser separada do petróleo antes do processamento pelas refinarias, assim, originando um resíduo conhecido como Água de Produção (AP). Os sistemas projetados para o tratamento da AP empregam diferentes métodos, visando atingir maior eficiência na separação dos contaminantes da água. Entretanto, os processos de tratamento geram subprodutos que necessitam de posterior manuseio ou descarte. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a toxicidade do produto de solubilização do lodo gerado pelo tratamento da AP em reatores aeróbios, proveniente da estação piloto de tratamento do efluente do Terminal Marítimo Almirante Barroso. Foram testadas as espécies: Barabarea verna Mill ., Brassica oleracea L., Cucumis sativus L. e Eruca sativa Mill., quanto à porcentagem de germinação, velocidade média de germinação e inibição ao crescimento da raiz e hipocótilo. Os resultados indicam maior sensibilidade da germinação de B. verna ao extrato solubilizado, as demais espécies apresentaram concentração crítica para a germinação entorno de 25% do extrato solubilizado. A inibição ao crescimento da raiz e hipocótilo indica maior resistência das espécies E. sativa e B. oleracea, a concetração de inibição (CI50) para essas espécies foi respectivamente de 23,61% e 16,64% para a raiz, para o hipocótilo a CI50 foi em torno de 18% para as duas espécies.
Looking in from the Outside: How Do Invited But Not Selected Citizens Perceive the Legitimacy of a Minipublic?
Authors: Devillers Sophie , Vrydagh Julien , Caluwaerts Didier , Reuchamps Min
Published: May 2021

Deliberative minipublics are often critiqued for being disconnected with mass democracy. This is problematic from the perspective of legitimacy. If ordinary citizens are not aware of the existence of minipublics, how can citizens consent to the process and outcomes of these processes? One possible design innovation is to widen the pool of citizens randomly invited to take part in minipublics. While not all invited individuals will be selected to join minipublics, inviting a large pool of people, at the very least, may trigger their curiosity to closely observe and scrutinise the debates and recommendations of their fellow citizens. Our article examines the viability of this design feature using the case study of the citizen panel ‘Make Your Brussels – Mobility’. We focus on a group of 336 people who accepted the invitation to participate in the citizen panel but were not among the 40 people selected to participate. We have two major findings. First, despite their initial interest in taking part in a minipublic, these citizens did not follow up on their interest in the minipublic. Second, these citizens do not perceive citizen panels as capable of delivering consensual outcomes. We conclude the article by drawing out implications for deliberative practice, especially in enhancing the legitimacy of minipublics.
La gobernanza de la acción colectiva: un enfoque transdisciplinario
Authors: Cobbaut Robert , Espinosa Betty
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se presenta un inventario crítico de la evolución del pensamiento teórico en ciencias sociales sobre la regulación de la acción colectiva. Se resalta la tensión permanente entre los valores de libertad y solidaridad y la inestabilidad de los dispositivos normativos que aseguran la eficacia y la legitimidad de esta regulación. Para satisfacer de manera equilibrada estas dos exigencias, se adopta un enfoque "genético". Más allá de subordinar, en un sentido u otro, los elementos del binomio justificación-aplicación de normas, se las articula de manera asimétrica al insertar los registros de la primera en las limitaciones de la cooperación de la segunda a fin de manejar el aprendizaje colectivo de manera que éste se constituya en un proceso de "auto-capacitación" de los actores.
La ruta de las regalías mineras: proyectos estratégicos nacionales y tecnologías de gobierno en Ecuador, 2012-2017
Authors: Carrión Andrea
Published: May 2021

En Ecuador, las regalías mineras se presentaron como elemento clave en el progreso nacional para reducir la pobreza, crear empleos y financiar las políticas sociales, al tiempo que atender las demandas locales en las zonas de extracción de los recursos naturales. Sin embargo, existe escasa evidencia que demuestre una efectiva articulación entre desarrollo local, planificación territorial y priorización de la inversión pública en el área de incidencia de los proyectos estratégicos mineros. Con base en documentos oficiales, entrevistas y bases de datos, este trabajo busca explicar la brecha existente entre la recaudación y la inversión de regalías durante el gobierno del expresidente Rafael Correa. Además, durante el texto se resalta la diferencia entre la recaudación de regalías y el gasto público ejecutado a través de la Empresa Pública Ecuador Estratégico (EEEP), con énfasis en dos proyectos estratégicos nacionales: Fruta del Norte (LundinGold, Canadá) y Mirador (Ecuacorrientes, China). Con este análisis se contribuye a problematizar la “ruta de las regalías mineras” como una tecnología de gobierno con limitados mecanismos de coordinación entre niveles gubernamentales.
Reflexiones sobre el COVID-19 en Ecuador: la salud pública y el Sistema Nacional de Salud
Authors: Sacoto Fernando
Published: May 2021

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COVID-19 in dentistry- Ethical considerations
Authors: Maart Ronel , Mulder Riaan , Khan Saadika
Published: May 2021

The reach of Coronavirus Disease - 2019 (COVID-19) has even reached the ethical guidelines for good practice from the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA).The health care worker should carefully consider the guidance outlined in several of the booklets as patient treatment has multiple dimensions where COVID-19 had impacted on clinical practice. Due to the nature of dentistry and aerosol generation, special care must be taken when treating healthy patients and patients that are carriers but do not realise that they are COVID-19 positive.COVID-19 transmission and aerosol dissemination may expose the practice team to hazards of infection. The risk is elevated when implementing aerosol generating procedures without any protective equipment. The oral health care worker (OHCW) and staff thus require the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) as suggested by country-specific guidelines, for example, The South African Dental Association (SADA).To this extent, practicing dentistry in the 21st century is complex and amidst the current COVID-19 pandemic the OHCW is presented with more pitfalls. As the pandemic is showing no sign of abating in SA, this has presented the OHCW with a range of additional ethical considerations.These dilemmas may be resolved in a variety of ways following an understanding of the basic knowledge of core ethical values and standards for good practice outlined by the HPCSA guidelines.
Edward Angle (1855 to 1930) ... the father of modern Orthodontics
Authors: South African Dental Association
Published: May 2021

A man of considerable complexity, Edward Angle combined a fierce determination to achieve perfection with an uncompromising demand that all those around him should also be imbued with the same commitment.

It was a combination that enabled Angle to become an icon in Dentistry, for he is widely regarded as the father of modern Orthodontics and his concepts and appliances still provide the foundation for much of the discipline today.

He was born in Herrick, Pennsylvania on June 1st 1855. Abandoning the option to continue the family tradition of farming, the young Angle apprenticed himself to a dentist, then enrolled as a student in the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery. He developed an abiding interest in the challenges of malocclusion and became known for his innovative views on corrective treatment.

Appointed as teacher in Orthodontics at St Louis and Washington Universities where the subject was a minor component of the Department of Prosthetics, he became convinced that the discipline warranted separate educational facilities.

That became a lifelong objective and indeed resulted in the first institution devoted exclusively to the teaching of Orthodontics... recognised by the State of California in 1924 and designated as The Edward H Angle College of Orthodontia.
We are allowed to change our minds
Authors: Wood Neil H
Published: May 2021

During this lockdown period, we saw the development and implementation of various policies and procedures that have probably changed the face of the dental practice for the future. Many facets of the dental practice have been influenced by this pandemic. These range from the obvious infection control, to patient communication and billing, and even staff interactions in our clinics.

How do we know what we did was right, or enough? Have we asked the right questions to provide our patients with the best available care under the most constraining circumstances?
Development of a tool to measure patient expectations with complete removable dentures
Authors: Ahmed Rukshana
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION: Patients' expectations of complete removable dentures may play a role in determining their level of satisfaction with newly constructed complete removable dentures. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To develop a Patient Expectation Questionnaire using a validated satisfaction questionnaire as framework and subsequently determine patients' expectations of complete removable dentures. OBJECTIVES: 1. To formulate a patient expectations questionnaire using a validated satisfaction questionnaire framework-that will assesses their perceptions of new dentures 2. To determine patient expectations related to masticatory functional, pain, psychological discomfort and social disability with complete removable dentures. METHODOLOGY: All the aspects of the newly formed Patient Expectation Questionnaire (PEQ) was formulated following the framework of the OHIP-20 patient satisfaction tool. The expectation questionnaire was administered to patients at their first dental visit with the information sheet and informed consent form. RESULTS: A series of statistical tests was done to assess the validity and reliability of the Patient Expectation Questionnaire. These tests concluded that the newly formulated questionnaire was reliable. CONCLUSION: Patient expectations can be determined prior to treatment thereby allowing the clinician to manage these expectations and strive to meet the attainable ones during the construction of the complete removable denture. Amongst others masticatory efficiency and pain were identified as being high on the request list for new complete removable dentures.
The effect of A-dec ICX TM on microbiological water quality in self-contained dental units' water systems
Authors: Kgabi Shamaka P , Mthethwa Sibusiso R
Published: May 2021

The contamination of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) as a result of biofilms that adhere to the inner surfaces of the lines continues to generate concern. The biofilm serves as a reservoir that can increase the number of free-floating microorganisms in the water used for dental treatment.Recent studies found that it presents a confirmed but limited risk to immunocompetent individuals, but may pose a significant hazard for immunocompromised patients and dental professionals. DUWLs are prone to biofilm formation because of their small diameter and water stagnation. Untreated or unfiltered dental unit water is likely to contain high numbers of microorganisms and is unlikely to meet standards for water used as a cool-ant/irrigant for nonsurgical dental procedures.Common approaches to improve water quality include self-contained water systems combined with periodic or continuous chemical treatment protocols, daily draining, air purging regimens, anti-retraction valves, point of use micro-filters, as well as flushing waterlines for several minutes in the morning and after every patient. Centralized systems designed for single chair or entire practice waterlines that purify or treat incoming water to remove or inactivate microorganisms are becoming more popular.In most dental settings, treatment water comes from the municipal water supply directly into the dental unit.
Dental students' self-perceived competency and usage of the internet for learning and evaluation purposes - Part 2
Authors: Sykes Leanne M , Postma Thomas C , Uys André , Brandt Paul , Crafford Elmine
Published: May 2021

Many dental lecturers are moving away from providing hand-out notes to their students and are rather opting for posting lecture material and tutorials on the internet using the various university platforms such as clickUP. At the same time a number of students have queried the need to purchase the prescribed text books due to their high costs, and dated content. The presumption is that all students have unrestricted and equal access to this material, and are competent using digital technology for learning and assessment, however there has been no formal investigation into whether this is so. Student access and usage was reported on in Part I of this study. The present paper investigated students' preferences with regards to the mode of learning material, and their self-perceived competencies in using the internet for various academic purposes. The project took the form of an anonymous, structured questionnaire that was given to all dental students from the second to the fifth year of study. Results revealed that over 90% of the students feel competent to access and use internet search engines for research and assignments, to connect with friends, and to download or watch videos. Slightly less (between 70-90%) were confident using it for independent research, learning from lecture material, using e-dictionary, carrying out searches to learn extra material, completing short quizzes and assignments, or undertaking independent learning and reading. Almost all students needed to access the internet on a daily or weekly basis for work related issues, yet at least 40% reported to not being able to do so at times or in venues that suited their programs. Lecturers need to be aware of this to ensure these students are not disadvantaged in comparison to their peers if they do not submit requisite material on time. The university has pledged their commitment towards changing traditional teaching methods and embracing more blended learning platforms, as well as to helping students make up for the lost time due to the Corona virus pandemic. However, now more than ever they need to work together to ensure that all students have the necessary skills and technology needed to use the online platforms, and to provide the necessary tuition and changes if they wish to be truly committed to the well-being and education of their students.
Dental enamel
Authors: Sperber Geoffrey H
Published: May 2021

Dental enamel is the sparsest but most enduring component of all the tissues in the human body, yet contrarily contains the most detailed historiography of its development. Accordingly, analysis of enamels' chemistry, histology and pathology can reveal detailed ambient information of both fossilized, long-deceased and its contemporary milieu occurring during amelogenesis. In this respect, dental enamel is the most versatile exponent of its developmental mechanisms and acquisition of its complex form. Dental enamel is the ultimate lexicographer of lives lived.
Le crowdsourcing dans les bibliothèques
Authors: Andro Mathieu
Published: June 2021

L’externalisation auprès de foules d’internautes a des origines anciennes. Aujourd’hui le crowdsourcing peut être bénévole ou rémunéré, volontaire ou involontaire, prendre la forme de jeux. Il peut faire appel à des types de motivations très diverses. Dans les bibliothèques, le n’est pas sans conséquences sur le mode de fonctionnement. Il génère de nombreuses critiques et est parfois qualifié d’ubérisation des bibliothèques.
Des bénévoles au service du patrimoine écrit
Authors: de Champs Emmanuelle
Published: June 2021

Les définitions actuelles du « crowdsourcing » ne reflètent qu’imparfaitement la façon dont ce processus peut être appliqué en-dehors des circuits économiques et pour la création d’une valeur immatérielle et non monétaire : l’amélioration des connaissances et l’accès au patrimoine littéraire et historique. Cet article s’interroge sur la spécificité de la démarche collaborative en ligne dans les institutions patrimoniales. Il compare l’appel aux bénévoles anonymes lancé par les éditeurs du Oxford English Dictionary à la fin de l’époque victorienne aux initiatives actuelles, plus particulièrement le projet Testaments de Poilus mené depuis 2017 aux Archives nationales et départementales.
L’ethos participatif
Authors: Grailles Bénédicte
Published: June 2021

Les passionnés d’histoire familiale sont des acteurs centraux du crowdsourcing archivistique. Cette communauté d’utilisateurs, bien organisée dans le monde réel et déjà productrice de contenus sous forme de tables et de bases de données, a investi le numérique sans état d’âme pour occuper un espace central dans l’écosystème archivistique. Ces usagers consommateurs de nombreux documents d’archives, sont prêts à s’investir dans tout type d’usages participatifs, l’exemple le plus frappant étant l’indexation collaborative. Ils enrichissent et partagent des contenus patrimoniaux via le cadre institutionnel et en dehors de lui. En dehors des services, ils créent des communautés apprenantes en ligne qui forment des espaces sociaux d’échange hautement spécialisés (Geneanet par exemple), où se déploient leurs pratiques propres : redocumentarisation des documents (réagencement, annotation, organisation de collections personnelles, intégration de liens etc.) et production de documents totalement factices – les «fiches» manquantes du fichier des morts pour la France mis en ligne par le service historique de la Défense par exemple. Après une analyse de l’offre de projets collaboratifs autour des documents d’archives, nous tenterons de mieux cerner le profil des généanautes et nous interrogerons sur l’éventualité d’un ethos spécifique du généalogiste et sur les conséquences à moyen terme dans la relation aux archives.
Образование в цифрах: 2016
Authors: Гохберг Леонид , Забатурина Ирина , Ковалева Галина , Ковалева Наталья , Кузнецова Вера , Озерова Ольга , Пономарева Алёна , Шугаль Николай
Published: June 2021

Краткий статистический сборник содержит основные показатели, характеризующие в динамике развитие общего, среднего профессионального и высшего образования в Российской Федерации. Представлены ключевые индикаторы развития образования в странах ОЭСР. В сборнике использованы данные Росстата, Минобрнауки России, Федерального казначейства, ОЭСР, а также собственные разработки Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики». Отдельные данные за 2014 г. носят предварительный характер.
Doctor-patient Conversation Analysis: A Sociolinguistic Perspective on the Case of COVID-19 in Esfahan, Iran
Authors: Poursamimi Jamal , Khubroo Malihe , Sanaeifar Seyyed Hossein
Published: June 2021

Comprehending the striking role of Conversation Analysis (CA) research in a real context on the one hand, and a substantial part doctors play in doctor-patient conversation in the proceeding stages of receiving medical intensive care as an inherent nature of society on the other hand, provoked the researchers to conduct this research. To achieve this intention, the present study focuses on conversation aspects of doctor-patient talks in unconfirmed cases of COVID-19 in Golpayegan, Esfahan, Iran. This study tries to find out what conversation aspects are more frequently used by Iranian interlocutors in the context of the doctors’ office. Three doctor-patient meetings, for this purpose, were audio-recorded, then transcribed. The focus is on both the talk and nonverbal aspects of conversation to be analyzed. After doing the conversation analysis, it was found that turn-taking was the most frequently used conversation aspect. Because this investigation is among the first conversation analysis research which is conducted in the Iranian doctor-patient context in COVID-19 setting, it seems outstanding. In addition, as teaching conversation analysis to students in parallel with other outstanding skills, sub-skills, and language components has great importance, and the analysis method utilized in the current research is conversation analysis, this study sounds prominent.
Fuzzy Language Processing in Translation of Literature: A Case Study of Dr. Zha’s Diary of Fighting the COVID-19
Authors: Yang Aijun
Published: June 2021

Aesthetics is a subject focusing on studying the nature and significance of beauty (including beauty in language, art, literature, etc.). Moreover, the development of aesthetics, within the broader context of literary systems, is of significant importance. Chinese Literature (which in essence differs from that of English Literature) expresses beauty using its unique ways, especially with the employment of fuzzy language (also known as “vague language”). By including a certain degree of “fuzziness”, Chinese Literature grants readers room fir imagination. However, the process of translating Chinese fuzzy language into other languages is not an easy feat to accomplish. Such translations can, to a large extent, seriously affect the original meaning of the text. To explore proper ways of “fuzzy language” translation, this paper ventures to analyze the processing methods used in the translated work “Dr. Zha’s Diary of Fighting the COVID-19”. Categorizing vague language into three perspectives, namely, semantic vagueness, cultural vagueness and rhetorical vagueness, the paper analyzes the way to tackle fuzzy language with 16 detailed cases. Based on the case analyses, the paper proposes that the proper translation of fuzzy language in literature will be more conducive for readers to appreciate the works and helps to improve the translation quality. By exploring the ways of processing fuzzy language, this paper hopes to bring some suggestions and inspiration to other researchers.
Evolution of treatment for rectal fistula: from resection to FiLaC® laser ablation
Authors: Atroshchenko A.  O. , Kiselev D.   O. , Pozdnyakov S.   V. , Teterin A.   V. , Davidovich D.   L.
Published: June 2021

Rectal fistula – one of the most common coloproctological diseases. Annually, thousands of patients with anal fistula have had treated around the world. Treatment of this disease is an actual problem in coloproctology nowadays due to the high frequency of recurrence and anal incontinency. The chronic persistent perianal suppuration and multiple surgical interventions the main predictor of emergence of the anal incontinence, which could be achieve almost 50 %, according the literature data. The risk of emergence the anal incontinence is particularly high in the treatment of complex fistulas. Therefore, the problem of complex rectal fistulas treating remains an actual task in the clinical practice of a coloproctologist.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEMOCRATIZATION AND RELIGIOUS SECURITY
Authors: Tkach Oleg
Published: June 2021

The article examines the problems of the component s of the concept of threats to religious security, for example, which are transformed into concepts. Religion as a relatively independent socio-cultural reality needs protection from internal and external threats. Religious security is a system of conditions that ensures the preservation of the traditional religious system within the established norm that has historically developed. The problem of religious security was identified when the cases of anti-state, anti-social activities of religious associations became more frequent.
Methodology: The following research methods were used to address the issues set in the article: general scientific methods – descriptive, systemic, structural-functional, comparative, institutional-comparative; general logical methods – empirical, statistical, prognostic modeling and analysis; special methods of political science. The preference was given to the method of political-system analysis, by which the common and distinctive characteristics of the basic components of soft power strategies were identified, reflecting existing political, public, information and other challenges for international relations and global development.
Results. As societies develop from agrarian to industrial to knowledge-based, growing existential security tends to reduce the importance of religion in people's lives and people become less obedient to traditional religious leaders and institutions. Research of the problem by scientists. Religion is characterized by the historical predominance of Catholic Christianity (40 % of the world's Catholics in the region).
Conclusions. Although some religious conservatives warn that the retreat from faith will lead to a collapse of social cohesion and public morality, the evidence doesn't support this claim. Surprising as it may seem, countries that are less religious actually tend to be less corrupt and have lower murder rates than religious ones.
Hardfacing of Copper
Authors: Babinets Anatoliy , Ryabtsev Igor A. , Ryabtsev Igor I. , Turyk Eugeniusz , Perepletchikov Evgeniy F. , Lentyugov Ivan P.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the primary issues of the hardfacing of copper elements exposed to intense abrasive wear, gas-abrasive wear at high temperature and in contact with liquid metal. In addition, the article presents test results concerning the surfacing of copper grade M1 performed using a self-shielded flux-cored wire providing weld deposit Fe14 and plasma powder surfacing performed using powder providing weld deposit Ni3 (in accordance with EN 14700).