bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Objet A(ffect) and Che(www) Vuoi
Authors: Musante Dewey
Published: August 2018

Leigh Janiak’s Honeymoon (2014) and Justin Benson and Aaron Moorhead’s Spring (2015) initially seem like two horror films birthed in the spirit of classical psychoanalytic film criticism. They deal with a monstrous female, a fearful, castrated male, and the “otherness” of sexual relationships. Through a close analysis of each film, however, I suggest in the following that both films “think” through problems of the gendered other, sexual politics, and cinematic affect outside the bounds of contemporary psychoanalytic
or affect theory. By suggesting and analyzing two neologisms that blend the insights of psychoanalytic and affective film theory—objet a(ffect) and che(www) vuoi—I argue that both films not only complicate typical readings of horror films “about” gender and sex, but that each film performs its own type of philosophical thought about gender and “otherness” through its very form and content.
A Cinema of Movement
Authors: Barker Michele
Published: August 2018

In this article, I consider some of the aesthetic and temporal forces that give us the opportunity to rethink the relationship between movement and perception in cinema and new media practice. Following Bergson and Deleuze, I offer an idea of the moving image that considers how we can move with the image’s movement. Through a discussion of my own media arts practice, I suggest a new approach to the creation of images that create movement, one where we feel rather than see imperceptibility. Considered in relation to other artistic and scientific deployments of imperceptibility revealed in the use of slow motion in contemporary moving images, this “feeling” of movement summons a kind of time that is neither atemporal nor a subdivision of time but rather a time of moving with images.
Pd–Ni Bimetallic Nanoparticles Supported on Zro2 as an Efficient Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions
Authors: Zhang Li-Jie , Yao Xian , Sun Ying-xin , Zhang Jia-wei , Cai Chun
Published: August 2018

Pd–Ni bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) supported on ZrO2 were prepared by an impregnation–reduction method. The BMNPs showed excellent catalytic performance in Suzuki carbon–carbon cross-coupling reactions and almost quantitative conversion of the substrates was obtained under mild conditions in the absence of ligand. The excellent catalytic performance of the bimetallic catalyst could be a result of the synergistic effect between the two metal components. The catalyst showed outstanding recyclability during the reaction process; no obvious decrease in catalytic performance was observed after five cycles.
Pawnshops Regulatory Environment: A Readability Analysis
Authors: Miller Geralyn , Hanke Steven A. , Di Hui
Published: August 2018

The pawn industry in the United States grew substantially in recent years; however, there is limited research on the regulatory environment for these predominately small businesses. Our study focuses on the readability of state regulations for pawnshops. We select credit unions as a comparison group since they also service non-bank customers. Our analysis reveals that the majority of states’ pawnbroker regulations are at the college reading level while the regulations for credit unions are at the college graduate reading level. There are also geographical differences in the readability of pawnshop regulations with the regulations in the northeast region being easier to read than in the west region. However, there is no evidence that the regulations readability level corresponds to the number of pawnbrokers in a state or to more broad-based measures of state-level business friendliness.
SISTEM KEPERCAYAAN SEBAGAI BASIS-STRUKTUR SOSIAL MASYARAKAT NELAYAN LIUKANG TUPABBIRING DI KABUPATEN PANGKEP
Authors: Ibrahim Ibrahim
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) Menguraikan sistem kepercayaan Masyarakat Nelayan Liukang Tupabbiring
di Kabupaten Pangkep, (2). Menganalisis hubungan sistem kepercayaan dengan struktur sosial
Masyarakat Nelayan Liukang Tupabbiring di Kabupaten Pangkep,
Penelitian ini sifatnya termasukpenelitian kualitatif. Dilihat dari uraian, penjelasan dan laporan terhadap
fenomena yang akan dibahas maka penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Dalam
pengumpulan datanya, peneliti bertindak sebagai instrumen penelitian. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi:
sistem kepercayaan, hubungan sistem kepercayaan dengan struktur sosial. Data diperoleh melalui informan
dan dokumentasi. Teknik pengumpulan datanya dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi dan
dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis kategorisasi.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi sistem kepercayaan masih sangat kuat dalam
masyarakat nelayan. Struktur sosialnya dominan dipengaruhi oleh faktor keturunan, pekerjaan, agama,
latar belakang suku dan sistem kepercayaan. Sistem kepercayaan dengan struktur sosial memiliki
hubungan yang sangat erat.
POLA PENGASUHAN ANAK DAN PROSES INTERNALISASI NILAI BUDAYA BERBASIS AJARAN ISLAM DI KAMPUNG JAWA-TONDANO
Authors: Djakaria Salmin
Published: August 2018

Artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan model-model internalisasi nilai budaya berbasis ajaran agama Islam pada masyarakat kampung Jawa-Tondano di Minahasa dan bagaimana hal tersebut berperan dalam proses pembentukan karakter warganya. Proses internalisasi nilai ini dilakukan terutama lewat seni tutur, yaitu dengan menandungkan: Salawat, pantun, ungkapan-ungkapan dan nasehat. Seni tutur sebagaimana yang dijelaskan dalam artikel ini tidak hanya bermanfaat dalam menginternalisasi nilai-nilai Islami, tetapi juga menjadi salah satu faktor pembentuk karakter orang Jaton. Disamping itu, seni tutur yang dimaksud juga membentuk sebuah identitas yang memperkuat ikatan mereka sebagai orang Jaton, sehingga sekalipun bermukim di luar kampung, tetap memiliki ikatan dengan kampung halamannya. Artikel ini didasarkan pada penelitian lapangan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif yang teknik pengumpulan datanya terutama lewat wawancara, observasi dan lewat Focus Group Discussion (FGD) yang difokuskan pada pendekatan pengalaman individu.
KIPRAH SETENGAH ABAD YAYASAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM (YAPIS) PAPUA: MEMBANGUN HARMONI BERAGAMA MELAUI DUNIA PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Nuruddin Sabara
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tentang kiprah Yayasan Pendidikan Islam (YAPIS) Papua di Kota Jayapura dalam upaya  membangun harmoni kerukunan umat beragama (KUB) di Jayapura. Masalah peenelitian Bagaimana perspektif dan praktek KUB dari kelompok YAPIS Papua?, dan bagaimana meletakkan perspektif dan praktek KUB dari YAPIS dalam konteks Papua?.Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif. YAPIS Papua mengembangkan perspektif tentang KUB didasarkan pada pandangan tentang Islam yang moderat dan inklusif yang dibangun di atas prinsip Islam rahmatan lil alamin. Melalui lembaga pendidikan dari jenjang PAUD hingga  perguruan tinggi YAPIS berkiprah sebagai lembaga pendidikan yang terbuka, inklusif, dan toleran dengan memberikan pelayanan pendidikan yang sama kepada putra-putri Papua tanpameihat latar belakang etnik dan agama. Prinsip Islam yang moderat dan toleran diperkenalkan kepada peserta didik melalui kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam dan ke-YAPIS-an melalui kurikulum berbasis kemajemukan. YAPIS di Tanah Papua dalam setengah abad kiprahnya telah berhasil mengembangkan role of model tolerans yang tepat untuk konteks masyarakat Papua yang multikultur. Secara sosioogis, YAPIS berhasil merekatkan jarak antara ke-Islam-an dan ke-Kristen-an di Tanah Papua melalui kiprahnya di dunia pendidikan.

 
Functional foods in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: olive leaf extract, turmeric and fenugreek, a qualitative review
Authors: Boaz Mona , Leibovitz Eyal , Dayan Yosefa Bar , Wainstein Julio
Published: August 2018

Almost 30% of US residents ages 65 and older have diabetes. The cost of diabetes care was estimated at $174 billion in 2007, including $116 billion in additional medical costs, and $58 billion in reduced productivity. Globally, the estimated cost of diabetes care was $376 billion in 2010, representing 12% of health expenditures. Many individuals with diabetes make use of functional foods, nutritional supplements, and/or herbal remedies to manage their disease. The functional foods olive leaf extract, turmeric, and fenugreek are commonly used in traditional medicine systems to manage diabetes. All three of these functional foods have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as well as specific insulin sensitizing qualities. In vitro studies offer proof of mechanism, and animal studies consistently show treatment efficacy for all three foods. The few human studies that have been conducted, however, use surrogate rather than clinical endpoints. The establishment of these and other functional foods as evidence based interventions for diabetes requires well designed, adequately powered, and randomized controlled pivotal trials with clinical endpoints.Keywords: type 2 diabetes, olive leaf extract, turmeric, and fenugreek
Neuroprotective and immune effects of active forms of vitamin D3 and docosahexaenoic acid in Alzheimer disease patients
Authors: Fiala Milan , Mizwicki Mathew T.
Published: August 2018

Neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer disease (AD), afflict an increasing proportion of the older population with aging. Decreased exposure to sunlight and decreased consumption of fish, fruits, and vegetables, are two epidemiological factors that appear to be related to the pandemic of AD. In addition to replacing simple with complex carbohydrates and avoiding saturated fat, two nutritional components, vitamin D (acting through the endogenous hormonal form 1α,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, 1,25D) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (acting through the docosanoid lipidic modulators resolvins and neuroprotectins) have high potential for prevention of Alzheimer disease. 1,25D is a neuroprotective, it acts both directly and indirectly in neurons by improving the clearance of amyloid-beta by macrophages/microglia. Resolvins and neuroprotectins inhibit amyloidogenic processing of amyloid-precursor protein, inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis. It is likely that the increased consumption of vitamin D and fish oil could prevent neurodegeneration in some subjects by maintaining adequate endocrine, paracrine, and/or autocrine production of 1,25D and the DHA-derived lipidic modulators. Before firm recommendations of the dosage can be proposed, however, the in vivo effects of vitamin D3 and DHA supplementation should be investigated by prospective studies.Key words: Alzheimer disease, vitamin D3, DHA, fish oil
Evaluation of dietary Intake and Food Patterns of Adolescent Girls in Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran
Authors: Montazerifar Farzaneh , Karajibani Mansour , Dashipour Ali Reza
Published: August 2018

Background: The evidence suggests a relationship between lifestyle and diet-related risk factors.Objective: This study assessed the dietary intake and habits of high school girls in Sistan and Bluchistan province, in southeastern Iran.Methods: In a cross-sectional, descriptive study, 753 high school girls aged 14-18 years old wereenrolled by a clustered random sampling method. Dietary intake and food habits were evaluated by a two-day, 24-hour dietary recall, and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).Results: The analysis of dietary intakes showed that energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin C and folate intake, compared to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI), were found to be lower. The, infrequent intake of milk and dairy products, fruits and vegetables, and a high consumption of empty calorie foods e.g. salty snacks, sweets, soft drinks and junk foods were seen among adolescents.Conclusions: The adolescent girls had an improper dietary intake and food habits. Thus, the implementation of nutrition education programs in schools and the designing of proper patterns towards healthier food choices could help improve eating behaviors, the health maintenance of adolescents, and also prevent diet- related diseases in adulthood.Key words: Adolescent girls, Dietary intake, Food habits
Impact effect of lycopene and tomato-based products network on cardio-protective biomarkers in vivo
Authors: El-Nashar Nermin N. , Abduljawad Soha Hashim
Published: August 2018

Background: Dietary intake plays an important role as nutritional supplements are known to provide potential health benefits in cardiovascular disease. Recent studies suggest that the dietary intake of tomatoes and tomato products containing lycopene are associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. In order to substantiate these facts, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of lycopene from tomato products on the potential effects of oxidative stress and atherosclerosis in vivo, focusing on early atherosclerotic events.Methods: Thirty male albino rats were assigned randomly into 5 groups; group C was the negative control group fed a basal diet, group H was the positive control fed a high-fat diet (HFD), group TS (HFD) was fed a 8% lyophilized tomato paste, group TW (HFD) was fed a 24% lyophilized raw tomato, and group L (HFD) was fed 0.1% mg pure lycopene. The level of serum; total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) was measured after 8 weeks of experimental treatment. Malondialdehyde (MDH) plasma levels were measured in heart tissue homogenate. Furthermore, pathologic changes of the heart and aorta were also assessed.Results: We found that TC, TG, LDL-c and MDH, levels were significantly increased in group H (P < 0.05) compared to the negative control group. Administration of TS, TW and L demonstrated significant changes in these parameters (P < 0.05). The TW group (fed 24% of lyophilized raw tomato components) had more positive effects than the TS & L groups. Furthermore, morphologic changes of heart and aorta revealed that TW and TS had a similar preventive effect against the development of atherosclerosis.Conclusion: Our study indicated that raw tomatoes have a higher potential effect when compared to tomato paste or lycopene alone. This potential effect includes the ability to attenuate and/or reverse oxidative stress and other atherosclerosis related parameters induced by the consumption of a high-fat diet.Key words: Cardioprotective, Lipid profile, Lycopene, Oxidative stress, Tomatoes products
Activation of the intrinsic-apoptotic pathway in LNCaP prostate cancer cells by genistein- topotecan combination treatments
Authors: Hörmann Vanessa , Dhandayuthapani Sivanesan , Kumi-Diaka James , Rathinavelu Appu
Published: August 2018

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in American men. The development of alternative preventative and/or treatment options utilizing a combination of phytochemicals and chemotherapeutic drugs could be an attractive alternative compared to conventional carcinoma treatments. Genistein isoflavone is the primary dietary phytochemical found in soy and has demonstrated anti-tumor activities in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Topotecan Hydrochloride (Hycamtin) is an FDA-approved chemotherapy for secondary treatment of lung, ovarian and cervical cancers. The purpose of this study was to detail the potential activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in LNCaP prostate cancer cells through genistein-topotecan combination treatments. Methods: LNCaP cells were cultured in complete RPMI medium in a monolayer (70-80% confluency) at 37ºC and 5% CO2. Treatment consisted of single and combination groups of genistein and topotecan for 24 hours. The treated cells were assayed for i) growth inhibition through trypan blue exclusion assay and microphotography, ii) classification of cellular death through acridine/ ethidium bromide fluorescent staining, and iii) activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway through Jc-1: mitochondrial membrane potential assay, cytochrome c release and Bcl-2 protein expression.Results: The overall data indicated that genistein-topotecan combination was significantly more efficacious in reducing the prostate carcinoma’s viability compared to the single treatment options. In all treatment groups, cell death occurred primarily through the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.Conclusion: The combination of topotecan and genistein has the potential to lead to treatment options with equal therapeutic efficiency as traditional chemo- and radiation therapies, but lower cell cytotoxicity and fewer side effects in patients. Key words: topotecan; genistein; intrinsic apoptotic cell death
Breast cancer prevention with Morinda citrifolia (noni) at the initiation stage
Authors: Wang Mian-Ying , Peng Lin , Anderson Gary , Nowicki Diane
Published: August 2018

Background: It has been reported that noni has multiple health benefits for over 2000 years. In this study, the cancer preventive effects of Tahitian noni® juice (TNJ) at the initiation stage on DMBA-induced mammary tumorigenesis in female SD rats was investigated.Objective: We took advantage of the DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenic model to study the preventive effects of TNJ at the initiation stage of mammary carcinogenesis in female SD rats by using clinical observation, pathological examination, and 32P-postlabeling assay.Methods: One hundred and sixty female SD rats were divided into eight groups with 20 rats in each group. Three doses of TNJ or placebo was given to the animals at the age of 35 days until the end of the experiment. When the animals were 55 days old, 25 mg/kg DMBA was fed to the animals in the DMBA group, placebo, and TNJ groups. The 20 rats were kept at age-matched controls. Palpable tumors were examined twice a week after DMBA administration in each group by an experienced professional. The size of tumor was measured by a graduated caliper. A piece of tumor, vascularization area, and mammary glands in the thoracic and abdomen areas of each rat were dissected respectively and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for light microscope examination. The DMBA-DNA adduct formation in mammary tissues was detected by 32P-postlabeling assay.Results: The tumor latency in TNJ groups was delayed about 60-90 days when compared with positive controls. The number of palpable tumors per group was significantly reduced by 73%, 72% and 80% in 3%, 5%, and 10% TNJ groups respectively when compared with positive controls at the end of 330 days after DMBA administration. The number of palpable tumors in the placebo groups was slightly reduced in the early stage, but much less than that in the TNJ groups. The multiplicity and malignancy of lesions were significantly reduced and the survival rate of animals in the TNJ groups was significantly increased compared with positive controls at different time points. Histological examination showed that the malignancy of lesions in TNJ groups did not show a significant change when compared with that in positive and placebo groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, this is the first study which indicates that TNJ possesses a cancer preventive effect at the initiation stage of chemical carcinogenesis induced by DMBA in female SD rates. Key words: Morinda citrifolia, Tahitian noni® juice, breast cancer, cancer prevention
Effect of a dietary supplement containing kurozu (a Japanese traditional health drink) concentrate on several obesity-related parameters in obese Japanese adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Hamadate Naobumi , Nakamura Ken-ichiro , Hirai Motoko , Yamamoto Tetsuro , Yamaguchi Hideyo , Iizuka Muneaki , Yamamoto Etsushi , Iwama Yoshitaka , Yazawa Kazunaga
Published: August 2018

Objective: This study was undertaken to examine the Kurozu concentrate (KC) based dietary supplement on several obesity-related parameters in obese Japanese male and female adults.Background: Kurozu, which is a specific type of rice vinegar produced by fermentation of unpolished brown rice, has long been used as a traditional health food and folk medicine in Japan. A recent animal study and our preliminary human study suggest that the KC supplement has potential for use in the management of obesity.Materials and Methods: A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted involving 48 Japanese adult subjects (28 males and 20 females) with obesity. Subjects were either assigned to the group consuming the KC supplement for 12 weeks (870mg/day; 480 mg/day as KC) (n=24; 14 males and 10 females) or the placebo group (n=24; 14 males and 10 females). All test participants were assessed using several obesity-related parameters, including body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and abdominal fat computed tomography (CT) sections. These measurements took place at baseline and at week 12. Results: At week 12, a significant decrease in body weight (P<0.043) and nearly significant decreased values of BMI (P=0.052) were observed in the KC group compared to the placebo group. The reduction in waist circumference at week 12 within the KC group was not significantly greater than the placebo group. Examination of abdominal CT sections around the navel indicated that, although most of the values of the total fat area, subcutaneous fat area, and visceral fat area for both of the placebo and KC groups significantly increased during the 12-week intervention, the magnitude of increase in the total fat area for all subjects and that of the total fat area, subcutaneous fat area, and visceral fat area for females on one or more of three CT sections were significantly lower in the KC group than the placebo group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Although the results are not definitive, KC supplementation may have potential for improving some obesity-related parameters in obese subjects, particularly females.Key words: Kurozu concentrate (KC), KC-based dietary supplement (KC supplement), abdominal obesity-related parameters, body mass index (BMI), computed tomography (CT), abdominal fat
Intake of Mung Bean Protein Isolate Reduces Plasma Triglyceride Level in Rats
Authors: Tachibana Nobuhiko , Wanezaki Satoshi , Nagata Mayuko , Motoyama Takayasu , Kohno Mitsutaka , Kitagawa Sayuri
Published: August 2018

Background: Mung bean is well known as a starch source, but the physiological effects of mung bean protein have received little attention. In this study, we isolated mung bean protein from de-starched mung bean solutions, and investigated its influence on lipid metabolism. Objective: The aim of this study is to clarify the influence of the lipid metabolism by consumption of mung bean protein isolate (MPI)Methods: Diets containing either mung bean protein isolate (MPI) or casein were fed to normal rats for 28 days.Results: Both groups ate the same amount of food, but the plasma triglyceride level, relative liver weight and liver lipid contents (cholesterol and triglyceride pool) in the MPI group were significantly lower than in the casein group. In the MPI group, the expression of sterol regulatory-element binding factor 1 (SREBF1) mRNA in the liver was significantly different when compared with the casein group. The significantly lower levels of insulin and free fatty acids in the MPI-fed rats may be due to the regulation of genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver.Conclusions: These results suggest that MPI may improve the plasma lipid profile by normalizing insulin sensitivity.Keywords: mung bean, Vigna radiata L., 8S globulin, triglyceride, β-conglycinin, 7S globulin, insulin sensitivity, SREBF1
Effect of some Tropical Eggplant Fruits (Solanum Spp) Supplemented Diet On Diabetic Neuropathy In Experimental male Wistar Rats In-vivo
Authors: Nwanna Esther E. , Ibukun Emmanuel O. , Oboh Ganiyu
Published: August 2018

Background: Solanum known as eggplant is a popular vegetable crop grown in the subtropics and tropics. Eggplant is a perennial but grown commercially as an annual crop. The fruits of eggplant is primarily used as a cooking vegetable for various dishes. Eggplant   comes in various kinds of species, which are highly variable for its fruit colour, as well as shape and size.Content and Purpose of this study: This study focused on comparing the effect of dietary African eggplants (AP) Solanum kumba,(PG) Solanum gilo (PW) and Solanum aethiopicum (PGW) species. Diabetes was induced experimentally by high fat fed/low dose streptozotocin-diabetic rats (35 mg/kg body wt.) and the diabetic rats were fed diets supplemented with 20–40% supplemented eggplant diet for 14 days. The effect of the diets on the blood glucose level, pancreatic α-amylase, intestinal α-glucosidase and Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activities, plasma antioxidant status were determined also quantification of the fruits polyphenols using HPLC/DAD .Results: The results revealed that there was no significant (P < 0.05) difference in the average feed intake and weight changes in all the groups. Supplementation with eggplant diet gradually reduced blood glucose level in diabetic rat compared to diabetic rats and metformin-treated (positive control group). African eggplant showed elevated levels of antioxidant status such as (glutathione peroxidase GPX, glutathione transferase GST,reduced  glutathione  GSH,Catalase and Ascorbic acid).Conclusions:The results suggest that the eggplant may attenuate hyperglycemia, hypertension and oxidative stress in the type 2 diabetic condition with Solanum kumba having the highest activity which could not be far fetched from its polyphenols as revealed in the HPLC/DAD characterization.Keywords: Solanum spp,polyphenols, diabetes,enzymes
Investigation of Phytochemical Constituents, Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activities of Ricegrass Juice compared to Wheatgrass Juice
Authors: Chomchan Rattanamanee , Siripongvutikorn Asst. Prof. Dr. Sunisa , Puttarak Dr. Panupong , Rattanapon Ms. Rungtip
Published: August 2018

Background: Cereal grass has been brought attention as a new functional food. Wheatgrass juice was known as a super food which provides lots of advantages for human health. However, the young stage of rice sprout has not been made widely known for consumption, though it is in the similar family to wheat (Poaeceae). Accordingly, ricegrass juice can and should be introduced, especially in Asian countries, as an economical functional drink. Nevertheless, currently there is none of the apparent evidences which confirm the nutritive values of ricegrass juice compared to wheatgrass juice.Objective: To investigate the chemical compositions, major phytochemical constituents, bioactive compounds content, specific phenolic profiles, and in vitro antioxidant activities of ricegrass juice compared to wheatgrass juice. Methods: Rice and wheat seeds were germinated and grown hydroponically for 8 days. Both fresh plants were determined for chemical compositions. Next, the grasses were extracted with water, centrifuged, and the supernatants were tested for chlorophyll, carotenoid, and ascorbic acid contents. The left-over supernatant were freeze-dried. The extracts were then screened for the main group of phytochemicals, total extractable phenolic and specific phenolic compounds. Lastly, the extracts were tested for the antioxidant activities using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, FCA and HRSA. Results: Data revealed that wheatgrass contained higher levels of protein and fat. Both ricegrass and wheatgrass juice extract exhibited the group of phenol, tannin and saponin but not alkaloid, flavonoid, sterol, terpenoid, courmarin, and cardiac glycoside. Wheatgrass juice can be detected for higher level of ascorbic acid and chlorophyll. Both grass juices were found the similar phenolic acids analyzed by HPLC included pyrogallol, vanilic acid, syringic acid and ferulic acid, however, ricegrass juice contained larger amounts of all phenolic acids excluding syringic acid. Conversely, wheatgrass juice exposed higher antioxidant activities for all methods. This may propose from the synergistic effects of ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, and phenolic compounds in wheatgrass juice, while the main composites exhibited antioxidant activities in ricegrass were phenolic compounds.Conclusion: Ricegrass juice contained great level of phenolic acid molecules. Even if ricegrass juice gave less statistically ability on antioxidant activities, they still had comparable levels of antioxidant activities. With the reduction in cost of raw materials and contribution of high nutritional values, ricegrass juice could be introduced as an antioxidant boosting drink in competition to wheatgrass juice.Keywords: Antioxidant, Phytochemical, Phenolic compounds, Ricegrass, Wheatgrass
Oral administration of an ethanolic extract of Hypericum gentianoides attenuates spontaneous colitis in mdr1a-/- mice
Authors: Haarberg Kelley M. K. , Wymore Brand Meghan J. , Ramer-Tait Amanda E. , Hauck Catherine C. , Murphy Patricia A. , Hostetter Jesse M. , Wannemuehler Michael J.
Published: August 2018

Background: Nutraceuticals (i.e., complementary and alternative medicines) are gaining ground as therapeutic modalities for inflammatory and autoimmune disorders due to their low toxicity and high patient compliance. Several species of Hypericum have been shown to possess immunomodulatory capabilities in many disease models; however, the therapeutic potential of the chemically unique Hypericum gentianoides (HG) is largely untested. We investigated the efficacy of an orally administered ethanolic extract of HG (HGEE) to prophylactically inhibit/ameliorate the spontaneous colitis that develops in mdr1a deficient (mdr1a-/-) mice.Methods: Beginning at six weeks of age, vehicle (5% ethanol), HGEE (4.8 mg/day) or metronidazole (0.75 mg/mL) were orally administered daily to mdr1a-/- or FVBWT mice until they reached 20 weeks of age or had lost ≥ 15 % of their body weight. Macroscopic disease assessment included measurement of weight loss, colon shortening, and combined colonic/cecal macroscopic lesion scores. Colonic/cecal inflammation was also scored histologically. Inflammatory responses were assessed using myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay and analysis of serum cytokines/chemokines.Results: Daily administration of HGEE significantly (p < 0.05) delayed the onset of clinical signs of disease, reduced the associated morbidity and attenuated macroscopic and microscopic disease/inflammatory scores in mdr1a-/- mice. After 14 weeks of treatment, there were no adverse macroscopic or microscopic effects observed following the daily administration of HGEE to wild type FVB mice. Histological evaluation of colonic tissue revealed a decrease in neutrophil infiltration in HGEE treated mdr1a-/- mice, which was substantiated by a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in colonic MPO activity. Compared to vehicle treated mdr1a-/- mice, levels of G-CSF, KC, and TNFα were significantly lower in the serum of mdr1a-/- mice treated with HGEE.Conclusions: Oral administration of HGEE was shown to be safe and effectively ameliorated  mucosal inflammation and disease severity in mdr1a-/- mice. The attenuation of mucosal inflammation correlated with a reduction in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of inflammatory granulocytes to the intestinal mucosa and suggests that extracts of H. gentianoides has potential to be used as a CAM product for mucosal inflammation.Keywords: Hypericum gentianoides, colitis, IBD, mdr1a deficient mice, botanical
Dietary fat and insulin resistance: a connection through leptin and PPARγ activation
Authors: Al-Jada Doaa Nader , Ahmad Mousa Numan
Published: August 2018

Insulin resistance refers to reduced insulin action in peripheral tissues and impaired suppression of endogenous glucose production, a state which is critical for maintaining normal glucose homeostasis. Insulin resistance is partly explained by genetic factors and is strongly influenced by the individual's habitual lifestyle. Investigating factors that may influence the development of insulin resistance and their mechanisms of action is of huge importance; one such factor is the dietary fat. Both quantitative and qualitative terms of dietary fat have been known to play an important role in the development of insulin resistance, though the mechanism underlying this effect is not fully understood. In this regard, the classical view has been that dietary fat quality mainly affects cell membrane fatty acid composition and consequently the membrane function. Recently, the relationship between dietary fat and insulin resistance has entered an advanced level by the discovery that different fatty acids can regulate gene expression, transcriptional activity and adipocytokines secretion. In essence, this provides new mechanisms by which fatty acids exert their cellular effects. The present review critically assesses the effect of dietary fat quality on the development of insulin resistance in relation to the adipocytokine, leptin and the activation of the transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). It is evident that fat quality influences the development of insulin resistance and has more important role than quantity. Leptin and PPARγ prove to be potential candidates linking dietary fat with insulin resistance. However, the exact role or mechanism of action of various types of dietary fat in the development of insulin resistance is still uncertain. Further well-controlled studies in humans are needed to be able to establish better evidence-based dietary fat recommendations for diabetes prevention and its clinical management. Keywords: dietary fat, insulin resistance, diabetes, PPARγ activation, leptin.
Drought stress affects bioactive compounds in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) relevant to non-communicable diseases
Authors: Wegener Christina B. , Jurgens Hans-Ulrich , Jansen Gisela
Published: August 2018

Background: Potatoes react very sensitive to drought during growth, and appropriate plant stress responses may affect metabolites associated with the health quality of tubers.Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effects of drought stress (DS) on soluble sugars, starch, crude protein, minerals, free amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs).Design: The experiment was carried out on three potato genotypes during two years with four replications. The plants were grown in pots, in a glasshouse with optimal water supply and under drought stress conditions. After harvest, the tubers of these two variants were analyzed for bioactive compounds relevant to non-communicable diseases (NCDs).   Results: Apart from genotypic differences in most parameters, the results revealed that the DS caused a decline in glucose and fructose (P < 0.05, all) in both years, whereas sucrose was increased, especially in the second year with severe stress (P < 0.01). Starch was significantly reduced by moderate stress in the first year (P < 0.01), but less affected in the second year. Crude proteins and total amounts of free amino acids (AAs) were clearly enhanced by the stress in both years (P < 0.05, all), similarly as the minerals magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) (P < 0.05, all), whereas calcium (Ca) declined (P < 0.05). The portion of α-linolenic acid (ALA) on total lipids was elevated in the stress variants (P < 0.01), while oleic acid (OLA), its precursor decreased significantly (P < 0.05), but only in the first year. In the second year, ALA was in general higher and not further induced by the stress. Also OLA was less affected in that year, similarly as all other FAs in both years. Interestingly, Myo-inositol (MI) and lipid acyl hydrolases (LAH) associated with modulation in cell membrane lipids raised by the drought stress in each year (P < 0.01, all). In the second year, MI and LAH data of the drought stressed tubers correlated significantly (r = 0.90, P < 0.01) indicating their joined action within plant stress responses.Conclusions: The biochemical changes induced by DS are not alarming with regard to NCDs. Decline in glucose, fructose and starch, and increase in crude proteins, free AAs, ALA, MI and minerals like Mg, K and P, on the other side, is profitable for the health benefits of tubers. However, a better quality is associated with a decrease in tuber yield.Keywords: potato, drought stress, bioactive compounds, chronic diseases
In vitro investigation of orange fleshed sweet potato prebiotic potential and its implication on human gut health
Authors: Muchiri Mary , McCartney Anne L.
Published: August 2018

Background: Some food ingredients (prebiotics) have been shown to promote a healthy gut by selectively stimulating growth/activity of beneficial gastrointestinal microbes and metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFA) while inhibiting pathogens. Orange fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam; OFSP) root tuber is a starchy tropical crop and highly nutritious in terms of pro-vitamin A (beta carotene), dietary fibre, and natural sugars, with negligible amount of fats and cholesterol.   Purpose of study: The aim of the study was to investigate using simulated human gut system whether OFSP may have prebiotic activity derived from their fibre, resistant starch, and/or the sugars.Methodology: In vitro pH controlled stirred batch culture fermentation system was used to compare the effect on human gut microbiota of four substrates: two varieties of OFSP (SPK 004 and Tainung), FOS and sucrose known for positive prebiotic and non-selective change respectively. The system was inoculated with faecal slurry from six different human healthy donors from different ethical backgrounds, age, and the effectual change recorded over 24 hours by monitoring bacterial counts (total bacteria, Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium) using qPCR molecular technique and SCFA profiles by gas chromatography.Results: The total bacteria count increased by (0.92-1.7 log10) and Bacteroides genus (1.03-1.8 log10) throughout the experimental period but with no significant differences (p<0.05) between the four substrates. However, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the beneficial Bifidobacterium (1.66-2.66 log10) between the 2 varieties of OFSP and the two controls (FOS and sucrose). The levels of SCFA increased, with acetate as the predominant acid and lactic acid being the least. The OFSP purees elicited high butyric acid levels, which were comparable to those of positive control FOS.Conclusions: The study demonstrated that OFSP purees may have prebiotic potential that can positively modulate gut microbiota by promoting growth of beneficial bacteria, bifidobacterium genus, and stimulating production of SCFA especially butyric acid which is the favourable in human gut health. However, further research using more probiotic and pathogenic microbes in addition to in vivo clinical studies and compositional analysis of OFSP is needed to confirm prebiotic activity. Key words: Orange fleshed sweet potato, prebiotic, human gut microbiota
Quantitative analysis of sugar ingredients in beverages and food crops by an effective method combining naphthimidazole derivatization and 1H-NMR spectrometry
Authors: Chen Yi-Ting , Hung Wei-Ting , Wang Shwu-Huey , Fang Jim-Min , Yang Wei-Bin
Published: August 2018

Background: Though carbohydrates are needed for health, excessive uptake of sugar may induce obesity, decayed teeth, and chronic diseases. The Taiwan Food and Drug Administration has recently proposed to regulate common sugars, a list that includes glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, and sucrose in beverages and dietary foods. Accordingly, rapid and effective methods are needed for the quantitative analysis of sugar ingredients in beverages and foods.Objective: To establish a convenient method of quantifying sugar ingredients in beverages and foods by using one-dimensional 1H-NMR spectroscopy via a simple treatment with naphthimidazole (NAIM) labeling kit.Methods: The sample of beverages or the hydrolysate of food crops were treated with an NAIM labeling kit that contains 2,3-naphthalenediamine and iodine in acetic acid solution. After the complete conversion of the reducing sugars to sugar-NAIM derivatives, the mixture solution was subjected to rotary evaporation under reduced pressure, and the residue was dissolved in D2O solution with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as an internal standard for the 1H-NMR spectrometric analysis. Results: An aldose existing in two anomeric isomers is completely converted to the corresponding NAIM derivative that shows a single characteristic vinyl proton at a distinct position to facilitate the quantitative analysis by NMR spectrometry. Even 10 μmol of common sugar ingredients in 50 μL of beverage or in the hydrolysate prepared from 1 mg of food crop can be quantified.Conclusions: The results suggest that a simple treatment of beverage with the NAIM labeling kit provides a convenient method for the quantification of sugar ingredients by 1H-NMR spectrometry. This method combining NAIM derivatization and 1H-NMR analysis is also useful for the profiling and fingerprinting of food crops.Keywords: sugar, beverage, food crop, naphthimidazole, 1H-NMR spectrometry, quantitative analysis
Suppressive activity of enzymatically-educed soy protein hydrolysates on degranulation in IgE-antigen complex-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells
Authors: Ashaolu Tolulope Joshua , Yupanqui Chutha Takahashi
Published: August 2018

Background: Soy protein isolate (SPI) is increasingly used in foods because it is a high quality non-dairy protein with excellent functional properties. However, soy allergy is one of the world’s major eight food allergies. Objective: To investigate the anti-allergic activity of soy protein hydrolysates (SPHs) produced with alcalase and pepsin proteases.Methods: SPI was enzymatically hydrolysed using the proteases, while evaluating the reaction conditions which include E/S (enzyme to substrate ratio) of 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% (250 u/mg and 5 u/g of pepsin and alcalase respectively); and hydrolysis time (0 min, 30 min, 1h, 2h, 4h and 8h). Afterwards, rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL)-2H3 cells activated by the IgE-antigen complex were used to assess mast cell degranulation inhibitory activity of the SPHs by the release of β-hexosaminidase. RBL-2H3 cells were sensitized with monoclonal anti-dinitrophenol (DNP) specific IgE and challenged with the antigen DNP-bovine serum albumin in the presence or absence of SPHs.Results: It was observed that 0.1 mg/mL concentration of the 0.5% E/S SPHs prepared in the first 4h significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited β-hexosaminidase release in an IgE-antigen complex-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells compared to those produced at other time intervals, E/S, and concentrations.Conclusion: This is the first report of its kind that shows the ability of SPHs to suppress degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells. Consequently, SPHs have good prospects to be used as potential sources of low cost hypo or anti-allergic protein.Keywords: Soy Protein Isolate, Soy Protein Hydrolysates, RBL-2H3 Cells, β-Hexosaminidase, Anti-allergy
ÁGUA (ODS 6), PROGRAMA CISTERNAS E O NOVO REGIME FISCAL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Sousa Thanderson Pereira de
Published: August 2018

Analisa-se nesse estudo a configuração da água como direito fundamental do cidadão, o Programa Cisternas como instrumento de concretização do dito direito no semiárido brasileiro e a relação entre o novo regime fiscal e a política pública de acesso à água. O objetivo consiste na identificação dos reflexos do novo regime fiscal vigente no Programa Cisternas. Utiliza-se método predominantemente qualitativo, contando com técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, além de análise matemática dos orçamentos da União entre 2013 e 2018. Infere-se que o Programa Cisternas, a depender das escolhas de alocação de recursos na Lei Orçamentária Anual, dentro do novo regime fiscal, poderá ser fragilizado, prejudicando os avanços na promoção do acesso à água por famílias pobres da zona rural no semiárido brasileiro.
MODELOS DE NEGÓCIOS PARA COOPERATIVAS:
Authors: Silva João Paulo Nascimento , Oliveira Cledison Carlos , Garcia André Spuri , Sugano Joel Yutaka , Lucchesi Kerolainne Stéphane Diniz
Published: August 2018

Este artigo busca, através de uma pesquisa bibliométrica entre os anos de 1960 e 2017, apresentar a evolução das pesquisas relacionadas a modelos de negócios cooperativos, fator de grande impacto no desenvolvimento econômico de pequenos a grandes negócios. A pesquisa aponta para um grande desenvolvimento das pesquisas americanas em relação aos demais países, enquanto que a participação brasileira ainda é muito escassa sobre a temática, o que é uma grande oportunidade para aprofundamentos, tanto na economia, quanto nas pesquisas como um todo. Outro fator relevante, é a participação das fontes de fomento chinesas e europeias na construção dessas pesquisas, o que denota uma importância dada pelos governos destas regiões a este tipo de pesquisa.
SATISFAÇÃO NO TRABALHO:
Authors: Brauer Marcus , GRADIM MILENA NEVES , SILVA NÁTALIE GONÇALVES , Braun Fábio
Published: August 2018

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar as principais razões que influenciam na satisfação dos servidores da Faculdade de Administração e Finanças da UERJ. Metodologicamente, foi realizada uma abordagem qualitativa por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com servidores da universidade, e as perguntas foram adaptadas a partir de um estudo que utilizou uma escala validada com questões sobre satisfação no trabalho. Após análise de conteúdo, os principais resultados indicaram que a dimensão que obteve o maior nível de satisfação foi a relação com os colegas de trabalho e o menor nível de satisfação foi a promoção. Concluímos que devem ser fixadas melhores políticas relacionadas à promoção do servidor, bem como uma progressão que seja efetivamente válida, e devem ser feitos investimentos na capacitação dos servidores para o aperfeiçoamento do seu desempenho. Uma contribuição teórica desta pesquisa foi a adequação de uma escala quantativa para uma pesquisa qualitativa.
A REFORMA TRABALHISTA E A REGULAÇÃO DO TELETRABALHO
Authors: Dos Reis Fernanda Maria
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo científico objetiva analisar a Lei 13.467/2017, a reforma trabalhista, sob a ótica da regulamentação do trabalho a distância, na modalidade teletrabalho. Para tanto, inicialmente, diferenciou-se, o trabalho prestado por meio da telemática do trabalho em domicílio e, ainda, do trabalho externo. Em seguida, foram analisados os artigos pertinentes ao tema, recém introduzidos no texto celetista pelo legislador reformista. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa bibliográfica com base em livros, artigos, legislação e jurisprudência.
MEIO AMBIENTE CIBERNÉTICO E LICENCIAMENTO AMBIENTAL:
Authors: Carvalho Vâina Ágda Oliveira , Vellozo Maria Júlia Silveira , Carvalho Mariana Silva
Published: August 2018

Diante o cenário hodierno, com a presença da denominada “sociedade de informação”, na qual o ciberespaço fornece substrato material para a integração social, proporcionando a troca veloz de informações entre indivíduos e instituições, tem-se a possibilidade de destinar tais tecnologias em benefício à tutela ambiental. Dentro dessa premissa, inquire-se se o meio ambiente cibernético, associado ao procedimento de licenciamento ambiental, poderia ser compreendido como instrumento hábil à participação popular. Nesse prisma, pretende-se analisar o meio ambiente cibernético como importante instrumento na divulgação de informações concernentes ao licenciamento ambiental, viabilizando a concretude da cidadania ambiental. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, adotou-se o método teórico-jurídico, com raciocínio dedutivo, técnica de pesquisa voltada para a leitura exploratória e, ao final, seletiva, associada à análise documental.