bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial 2017: Reflections and Current Insights
Authors: Matulić Daniel , Tomljanović Tea
Published: December 2017

The Croatian Journal of Fisheries (Croat J Fish) continues in its effort to maintain an important role among scientific and professional journals in fisheries. In the aim of increasing the visibility of academic publications, De Gruyter Open has teamed up with Kudos. Croat J Fish has been accepted into BIOSIS Citation Index under Clarivate Analytics - Web of Science. CiteScore metrics from Scopus are presented below. The Editorial also provides information on the articles published in 2016, as well as a list of reviewers who participated in the review process.
Phytophilous Fauna of a Small and Artificial Urban Lake
Authors: Krajina Ivanka Orkić , Bogut Irella , Čerba Dubravka , Popović Željko , Agić Ivančica Jurčević
Published: December 2017

Phytophilous community on Myriophyllum spicatum was studied in a small artificial urban lake in the city of Osijek (eastern Croatia), during the spring and summer season in 2010. In the eutrophic conditions, macrophyte stands were well developed and in the formed periphyton representatives of the following invertebrate taxa were found: Hydrozoa, Nematoda, Gastropoda, Cladocera, Copepoda, Insecta larvae - including families Chironomidae and Coleoptera. They displayed differences in temporal abundance patterns. Two separate phases in macrophyte colonization with differences in invertebrate composition and abundance were recorded. Insect larvae, particularly Chironomidae, were most abundant in the first phase, through the spring period, and Hydra oligactis (brown hydra) was most abundant in the second phase, i.e. summer period. Concurrently, microcrustacean abundance declined towards the end of the summer. Results of the analyses indicated that water temperature and perihyton biomass were the variables exerting the main influence on the invertebrate assemblage, while interestingly, macrophyte size and biomass were negatively correlated with most of the fauna abundance. On the other hand, brown hydra was negatively correlated with all other invertebrate taxa, except gastropods. Larger surface of submersed macrophytes is the main parameter supporting the increase of invertebrate abundance due to providing protection from predators and growth for periphyton, an important food source for these phytophilous organisms. Macrophyte length was positively correlated with Hydra abundance, while Chironomids were more influenced by periphyton biomass. These organisms can indicate water quality conditions and a potential increase in primary and secondary production.
Immunomodulatory and Growth-Promoting Potential of Lowcost Probiotic Product in Penaeus Monodon Culture System
Authors: Chandran Manohar Navin , Suganya Arumugampillai Manimehalai , Immanuel Grasian , Palavesam Arunachalam
Published: December 2017

The capability of a low-cost probiotic product was evaluated in Penaeus monodon reared under an outdoor culture system for a period of 90 days. The low-cost probiotic product was formulated by mixing the broth culture of Bacillus cereus along with commercial chalk powder in 1:1 ratio. The prepared probiotic product as a powdered supplement was incorporated along with the shrimp diet at various concentrations (1 to 5%). The viability of B. cereus in the experimental diet was tested once in 30 days up to 90 days during the experimentation. After 90 days of feeding experiments, the growth performance of shrimp was determined with a maximum production of 11.98 ± 0.367 g, SGR of 5.030 ± 0.171% and FCE of 86.63 ± 1.300% in P. monodon fed D4 diet (4% probiotic supplement). The immunological parameters determined at the end of the culture experiment showed variation among diets. The total haemocyte count (273.66 ± 3.09 x 105 cells/ml), phenoloxidase activity (0.132 ± 0.007 OD) and respiratory burst activity (0.291 ± 0.020 O.D) were high in P. monodon fed D4 diet. Similar effects were observed for plasma protein concentration (68.00 ± 1.41 mg/ ml), lysozyme activity (0.483 ± 0.014 U/ml) and bactericidal activity (81.0 ± 1.33%) in shrimp fed D4 diet. The results of the present investigation conclude that the probiotic product at a concentration of 4% was effective in elevating the growth and immune performances in shrimp P. monodon.
The co-existence of recreational and artisanal fisheries in the central parts of the Danube and Sava rivers
Authors: Treer Tomislav , Kubatov István
Published: December 2017

The official data on recreational and artisanal fisheries in Croatia and Hungary were analysed. The data from Croatia relates to the entire Croatian section of the Danube River and to the section of the Sava River along the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. The data from Hungary covers 60 km of the Danube River north of the Croatian border. Absolute catches in kilograms, as well as CPUE (kg per fisherman per year) by both groups in all three river sections varied from year to year without dramatic changes. Fishing with nets, artisanal fishermen differ from the anglers in two major ways: they are less selective and they catch bigger specimens. According to the official data, the existing ratio between recreational and artisanal fishermen in these three river sections does not negatively affect each other’s or overall fishing. Therefore, a conclusion can be drawn that medium-intensive artisanal fisheries qualify to co-exist with recreational fisheries.
Length-weight relationships and condition factors of the three dominant species of marine fishes caught by traditional beach trawl in Ulelhee Bay, Banda Aceh City, Indonesia
Authors: Muchlisin Zainal A. , Fransiska Vera , Muhammadar Abdullah A. , Fauzi Muhammad , Batubara Agung S.
Published: December 2017

The objective of the present study was to examine the length-weight relationships and condition factors of snapperLutjanus russellii, ponyfishAurigequula fasciataand white-spotted spinefootSiganus canaliculatusharvested from Ulelhee Bay, Banda Aceh City, Indonesia. These species are the predominant fishes caught by traditional beach trawl in Ulelhee Bay, Banda Aceh City, Indonesia. The sampling was conducted for three months from April to June 2015 at one-week interval. A total of 900 fish samples (300 individuals for each species) were measured for the total length and body weight. The length-weight relationships were calculated using Linear Allometric Model (LAM), while the relative weights (Wr) and Fulton’s condition (K) factors were calculated to assess the condition of the fish samples. The results showed that thebvalue of 3.04 in snapper indicates isometric growth pattern, while ponyfish and white-spotted spinefoot fish had the b values of 1.41 and 1.75, respectively, and these species display an allometric growth pattern. The average Fulton’s condition factor (K) of snapper was 3.01 for male and 2.49 for female; female ponyfish has the K value of 2.92 and 2.92 for male. In addition, the average K value of white-spotted spinefoot was 2.61 and 2.59 for female and male, respectively. The relative weight condition factor ranges from 58.73 to 166.09 for snapper, from 70.55 to 129.65 for ponyfish, and from 71.63 to 133.53 for white-spotted spinefoot. In general, the relative weight condition factors tendedto be 100. It is concluded that snapper has isometric growth pattern, while ponyfish and white-spotted spinefoot display the negative allometric growth pattern. The condition factors are in excellent condition and indicate a balance of prey and predator.
Morphometric Variations Between Triploid and DiploidClarias gariepinus(Burchell, 1822)
Authors: Normala Jalil , Mohd Azizul Alim , Abol Munafi Ambok Bolong , Nur Asma Ariffin , Khor Waiho , Okomoda T. Victor , Shahreza Md Sheriff
Published: December 2017

Several scientific methods have been described in the identification of triploid fish. However, many of these methods are not applicable for routine management purposes due to their complexity and cost. In this study, the possibility of using morphological variation as a least cost and less complex method of distinguishing triploid and diploid African catfishClarias gariepinus(Burchell, 1822) was examined. Triploid catfish were produced by cold shock of fertilized eggs in 5°C for 20 mins (at approximately 3 mins after fertilization). The fish were incubated, hatched and raised for 3 months. Ploidy levels of the fish were then ascertained by observing the erythrocyte shape. Triploid erythrocyte was ellipsoidal in shape while diploid was round. Morphological characterization was then carried out on 100 samples each of triploid and diploid African catfish. Although significant differences were observed in many parameters, the principal morphometric difference between triploid and diploid African catfish could not be clearly distinguished. It was therefore concluded that morphological characteristics is not ideal for discriminating triploids and diploids of African catfish. The used of erythrocyte characteristics still remains the cheapest and relatively effective method for triploid and diploid determination in African catfish.
The Anatomy of the New French Law of Contract
Authors: Helleringer Genevieve
Published: December 2017

Since their enactment in 1804 as part of the French civil Code, the provisions relating to contract law had, until recently, remained almost untouched. That is not to say that the law of contract had not altered, but rather that the text of the Code was no longer an accurate reflection of the actual state of the law as interpreted by the courts. An extensively restructured and modernized version came into force on 1st October 2016. In an attempt to map the new French law of contract, this paper first seeks to evaluate the robustness of the guiding principles set out in the Code. By analysing how these principles are applied to the formation, interpretation and enforcement of contracts, the paper concludes that freedom of contract and good faith emerge strengthened by the reforms, while the binding force of contract has become more qualified. The paper also highlights the existence of less obvious but important trends relating to the parties’ behaviour and to the role of the judge. It demonstrates how unilateralism, anticipation, and equity are implicit core ideas lying behind many of the new rules.
Reform of Contract Law and Business World
Authors: Mekki Mustapha
Published: December 2017

With the reform of contract law, will economic players be able to continue to do good business? If the economic environment did not see the reform of the law of obligations as a reform of first urgency, the new law resulting from the ordinance of 10 February 2016 finds a fair balance which should satisfy most economic actors. Admittedly, like any reform, the Ordinance creates new risks: new powers of the judge, multiplication of legal standards, the scope of contractual freedom ... It is then up to the parties, to whom the law assigns more power, to identify its risks and to manage them appropriately by drawing up customized contractual clauses. The success of the reform thus depends on its good reception and its development by practice.
The Reform of the French Civil Code at a Distance: an International and Comparative Perspective
Authors: Watt Horatia Muir
Published: December 2017

An outlyer’s view of this very interesting reform raises several issues from an international and comparative perspective. One may be the link established here between form and substance, of particular relevance in contract law; another could be the reach and scope of the new provisions as intended by the drafters, given their aim to capture new forms of contracting; and a third questions the method used to integrate foreign and European developments, with a view to widen the horizons of the reform.
Reversibilität von Paarformeln und Binomialen: Methodologische Aspekte
Authors: Kelih Emmerich
Published: December 2017

In the paper two statistical methods are presented for the analysis of the reversibility of the component order in binomials (conjoined expressions, freezes). Based on the frequency of binomials, occurring in variable component order, a binomial test and an asymptotic test is applied to give statistical evidence of the significance of the reversibility. By the means of these two tests in a sample of Slovene binomials the group of conditionally irreversible binomials is obtained.
Asiatische Sprachen im deutschen Sprachdenken des Barock und der Aufklärung
Authors: Roelcke Thorsten
Published: December 2017

As transition from the Early Modern Age to the Modern Age, the 17th and the 18th centuries are seen as historic period with tremendous relevance for the historical development of the German language – from a social and culture-historical perspective. The often transfiguring interest in different regions of Asia, as well as Arabic or Chinese regions, is seen as special phenomenon of this age. The present article aims to analyse the result of this in the German linguistic reflection of baroque and enlightenment. After outlining some supporting documents of Asian languages in general, especially supporting documents of Arabic and Chinese will be analysed in detail. The research focusses here on word usage, genealogy and typology, linguistic characteristics, as well as comparison and evaluation.
Predicting Elite Triathlon Performance: A Comparison of Multiple Regressions and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Hoffmann M. , Moeller T. , Seidel I. , Stein T.
Published: December 2017

Two different computational approaches were used to predict Olympic distance triathlon race time of German male elite triathletes. Anthropometric measurements and two treadmill running tests to collect physiological variables were repeatedly conducted on eleven male elite triathletes between 2008 and 2012. After race time normalization, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), as a mathematical preselection method, followed by multiple linear regression (MLR) and dominance paired comparison (DPC), as a preselection method considering professional expertise, followed by nonlinear artificial neural network (ANN) were conducted to predict overall race time. Both computational approaches yielded two prediction models. MLR provided R² = 0.41 in case of anthropometric variables (predictive: pelvis width and shoulder width) and R² = 0.67 in case of physiological variables (predictive: maximum respiratory rate, running pace at 3-mmol·L-1 blood lactate and maximum blood lactate). ANNs using the five most important variables after DPC yielded R² = 0.43 in case of anthropometric variables and R² = 0.86 in case of physiological variables. The advantage of ANNs over MLRs was the possibility to take non-linear relationships into account. Overall, race time of male elite triathletes could be well predicted without interfering with individual training programs and season calendars.
Potenzial der Visualisierungen für mediengestütztes Grammatiklernen
Authors: Zeyer Tamara
Published: December 2017

Lernenden stehen immer mehr unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten zur Verfügung, Fremdsprachen mit digitalen Lernprogrammen selbständig zu lernen. Dabei geht es nicht nur um das Üben grammatischer Themen sondern auch darum, sie zu entdecken. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist, einen Überblick über visuelle Komponenten eines interaktiven Lernprogramms zur Grammatik für Anfänger zu verschaffen, sowie die Potenziale und Grenzen der Visualisierungen für die induktive Grammatikvermittlung zu diskutieren.
40 Jahre Deutscher Herbst – Gerhard Richters Oktober-Bilder im DaF-Unterricht
Authors: Lay Tristan
Published: December 2017

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den Gemäldezyklus 18. Oktober 1977, den Gerhard Richter zwischen März und November 1988 malte, der aus fünfzehn Bildern besteht. Unter Beachtung ihrer eigenen Ästhetik wird die Malerei in den Mittelpunkt einer interdisziplinär angesiedelten Landeskunde gerückt. Im Rahmen eines fächerübergreifenden Unterrichts wird für eine gezielte Auseinandersetzung mit den Ereignissen des Deutschen Herbst im DaF-Unterricht plädiert. Der hier behandelte Oktober-Zyklus gehört zum Kanon der Gegenwartskunst; die Bilder besitzen auf Grund ihrer thematischen Aktualität (40 Jahre Deutscher Herbst, 1977–2017), maltechnischen und formativen Besonderheiten sowie kommunikativen Offenheit einerseits das Potenzial, anhand handlungsorientierter Aufgabenstellungen authentische sprachliche Äußerungen im Unterricht zu motivieren. Andererseits knüpfen sie aus lernökonomischer Sicht an vorhandene Wissensbestände der Lernenden und bieten ferner einen anspruchsvollen Zugang zum ästhetischen Lernen im kulturwissenschaftlich ausgerichteten Landeskundeunterricht.
Cultural Hybridity in the USA exemplified by Tex-Mex cuisine
Authors: Martynuska Małgorzata
Published: December 2017

The article concerns the hybrid phenomenon of Tex-Mex cuisine which evolved in the U.S.-Mexico borderland. The history of the U.S.-Mexican border area makes it one of the world’s great culinary regions where different migrations have created an area of rich cultural exchange between Native Americans and Spanish, and then Mexicans and Anglos. The term ‘Tex-Mex’ was previously used to describe anything that was half-Texan and half-Mexican and implied a long-term family presence within the current boundaries of Texas. Nowadays, the term designates the Texan variety of something Mexican; it can apply to music, fashion, language or cuisine. Tex-Mex foods are Americanised versions of Mexican cuisine describing a spicy combination of Spanish, Mexican and Native American cuisines that are mixed together and adapted to American tastes. Tex-Mex cuisine is an example of Mexicanidad that has entered American culture and is continually evolving.
Race, Femininity and Food: Femininity and the Racialization of Health and Dieting
Authors: Igenoza Mary
Published: December 2017

‘Femininity as Portrayed within Western Society’ is a research study that explored the ways in which femininity, what Moi (1989) defined as a set of cultural attributes assigned to the female sex, is racialized within western culture. To uncover black and white women’s racialized perceptions of femininity a total of 42 women, 22 black and 20 white women were interviewed for this research. This paper will highlight the ways in which the discipline of diet is practised within the homes of white and black women in their endeavours reflect and perform femininity. With the white respondents, the message that is communicated within their homes, through the everyday practice of their mother’s eating, was that dieting was perceived and learnt as the ‘normal’ way to eat. Within the homes of the black respondents, however, food, rather than being something that was restricted, was about sociability, something to be shared out and enjoyed.
The Imitation Game: Interstate Alliances and the Failure of Theban Hegemony in Greece
Authors: Cross Nicholas D.
Published: December 2017

Soon after their victory over the Spartans at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BCE, the Thebans asserted their claim to Panhellenic leadership, but that hegemonic experiment turned out to be a brief affair in classical Greek history. It is the purpose of this paper to explain this failure by comparing the Theban approach to interstate relations with that of the earlier and more successful Athenian and Spartan models. The first section reexamines those hegemonic precedents and their supporting alliances (συμμαχίαι) which served both military and social functions. The next section looks closely at the attempt of the Thebans, under the leadership of Epaminondas and Pelopidas, to extend their own political and military power through the construction of seven alliances or groups of alliances from 370 to 364 BCE. Although the Thebans’ alliance treaties were designed according to conventional principles and provisions, their alliance network proved incapable of sustaining their Panhellenic aspirations. The final section seeks out answers to why the Thebans failed where others had previously succeeded. Whereas modern scholarship points to institutional and structural deficiencies or personal hatreds, this paper adds a further reason: that the Thebans neglected to cultivate interpersonal ties with their new allies that could transcend the temporary objectives and inspire the parties to continue their relationship in the long term. Consequently, the alliances, and thus the whole Theban hegemonic experiment, collapsed within only a short time of their inception.
Athens, Thebes and Plataia and the end of the sixth century BCE
Authors: van Wijk Roy
Published: December 2017

One of the key events in the relations between the Athenians and Thebans was the Plataian decision to align themselves with the Athenians at the end of the sixth century BCE. This decision shook up the contemporary political landscape and proved to be a source of hostility between the two neighbouring polities throughout the fifth and fourth centuries. The orthodox view holds that the original alignment took place in 519 during the Peisistratid tyranny, based on the date given by Thucydides 3.68.5. This date, in the mind of some scholars, seems contradictory with the story of the Plataian alignment as given by Herodotus (6.108.1–6). This inconsistency resulted in a search for alternatives that fit the Herodotean narrative better. To accommodate this change, they relied on emendating the Thucydidean text, but there is no sign of corruption in this part. Emendation of a text is best avoided, although the controversy merits attention. Therefore, in this article it will be argued that the two narratives – the Thucydidean and the Herodotean – need to be separated. What follows is a renewed chronology of Plataian-Athenian relations. The orthodox date (519) was the date of an original Peisistratid-Plataian alliance that did not lead to hostilities with Thebes. Instead, it is in the context of the foundation of the Athenian democracy and the subsequent clashes with Thebes after 507/6 that the Herodotean narrative should be placed.
The Historical Context of the Reply to the Satraps Inscription (IG IV 556)
Authors: Rop Jeffrey
Published: December 2017

This article offers a new date and interpretation for
Two Buildings in the Samothracian Sanctuary of the Great Gods
Authors: Clinton Kevin
Published: December 2017

Two buildings in the Sanctuary of the Great Gods in Samothrace have elicited debate concerning their identification and functions. First, the Hall of Choral Dancers, currently named after its frieze of dancing women, formerly called Temenos on the assumption that it was not a roofed building, was revealed to be a substantial building by new excavation in 1993–1994. The present analysis supports and confirms the suggestion put forward by Austrian archeologists in 1880 that the building is the Anaktoron (Telesterion) mentioned by Hippolytus
Effect of mindfulness meditation on short-term weight loss and eating behaviors in overweight and obese adults: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Spadaro Kathleen C. , Davis Kelliann K. , Sereika Susan M. , Gibbs Bethany B. , Jakicic John M. , Cohen Susan M.
Published: December 2017

Background

There is a significant health crisis with rates of obesity continuing to increase despite research and clinical standard behavioral weight loss programs (SBWP). Mindfulness meditation (MM), with demonstrated benefits on physical, psychological health, and self-regulation behaviors was explored with SBWP.

Methods

Forty-six adults (BMI=32.5±3.7 kg/m2; age=45.2±8.2 years, 87 % female, 21.7 % African American) were randomly assigned to a 6-month SBWP only (n=24) or SBWP+MM (n=22) at a university-based physical activity and weight management research center in a northeastern US city. Participants were instructed to decrease intake (1200–1500 kcal/day), increase physical activity (300 min/wk), and attend weekly SBWP or SBWP+MM sessions. SBWP+MM had the same SBWP lessons with addition of focused MM training. Outcome measures collected at 0, 3, and 6 months included: weight, Block Food Frequency Questionnaire, Eating Behavior Inventory, Eating Inventory and Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using linear mixed modeling for efficacy analysis of weight (primary) and eating, exercise and mindfulness (secondary outcomes).

Results

Retention rate was 76.1 % (n=35). A significant group by time interaction (p=0.03) was found for weight, with weight loss favoring SBWP+MM (−6.9 kg+2.9) over SBWP (−4.1 kg+2.8). Eating behaviors (p=0.02) and dietary restraint (p=0.02) improved significantly in SBWP+MM, compared to SBWP. MM enhanced weight loss by 2.8 kg potentially through greater improvements in eating behaviors and dietary restraint.

Conclusions

These findings support further study into the use of MM strategies with overweight and obese adults. The use of this low-cost, portable strategy with standard behavioral interventions could improve weight management outcomes.
From Neophyte to Non-White: Moral Theology and Race Mixture in Colonial Brazil
Authors: Hill Ruth
Published: December 2017

The first global debate about racial admixture originated in the exegesis of papal privileges designed to aid Catholic converts in Spanish and Portuguese Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Later Scholastics contributed to the ontology of race by aligning religious status with origins, or blood, in ways that departed from raging controversies around Jewish and Muslim converts to Catholicism. Through recourse to seventeenth-century probabilism, these moral theologians and canonists debated the meaning of the term mestizos, a Spanish term that appeared alongside the Latin mixtim progeniti (“mixed offspring”) in marriage privileges granted to neophytes in colonial contexts. Were persons with 25% of non-European blood mestizos, or, instead, Europeans? Were mulattos, as mixtim progeniti, mestizos also? The mestizo conundrum, and the opinions and papal bulls that it generated, shaped legal constructions of whitening (Spanish blanqueamiento, Portuguese branqueamento) in colonial Latin America, and anticipated the moral and legal dilemmas of Brazil’s present-day affirmative-action program.
Japanese Christian Women through the Eyes of a Seventeenth Century Spanish Merchant
Authors: Santo Noemí Martín
Published: December 2017

Bernardino de Ávila’s Relación del Reyno del Nippon is the only secular Spanish account of the martyrdoms of Nagasaki that took place between 1614 and 1619. Opening as a depiction of Japanese history and society, Ávila’s portrait of Japanese women develops from the admiration of physical beauty and marital qualities to the praise of female courage during the persecution of Christians. Whether narrating events he witnessed or copying and reinterpreting European missionaries’ texts or Japanese Christians’ reports, Ávila creates the idea of heroic wives and virgins who endure torture and martyrdom without apostatizing. As a layman, his interpretation of the events lacks the deep knowledge of learned churchmen, yet his narrative adds the point of view of a commoner who struggled to live and understand the failure of Christendom in kingdoms not ruled by Spain. The article analyzes the development of the representation of Japanese women in Ávila’s work and the influence of religious writing in his narrative.
First Report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Causing Needle Blight and Stem Canker Diseases on Araucaria heterophylla in Ethiopia
Authors: Darge Wendu Admasu
Published: December 2017

Canker and needle blight of Araucaria heterophylla (Norfolk Island pine) trees were observed during the surveys conducted in Addis Ababa and Adama cities (Ethiopia) from November to December 2016. The main objective of this study was to investigate fungal pathogens that cause diseases on Araucaria heterophylla trees. Six localities with Araucaria heterophylla plantings were purposively surveyed for disease symptoms. Samples from symptomatic parts of trees were collected, surface sterilized, cultured on PDA and morphologically identified for genus and species. A total of 36 isolates of fungi were identified. Based on macro- and microscopic morphological features of the colonies, the fungal isolates were found to be the genus Diplodia and species Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl (syn. Botryodiplodia theobromae), the anamorph of Botryosphaeria rhodina (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Arx. The pathogenicity test showed that the isolates of Lasiodiplodia theobromae, caused stem canker and needle blight on Araucaria heterophylla. This finding is important in the study of management options for future prevention and control of diseases in the country.
Die Kanaan-Karten des R. Salomo Ben Isaak (Raschi) – Bedeutung und Gebrauch mittelalterlicher hebräischer Karten-Diagramme
Authors: Petzold Kay Joe
Published: December 2017

R. Shlomo Yitṣḥaki (Hebrew: שלמה יצחקי), generally known by the acronym Rashi, was a medieval French rabbi who lived between 1040 and 1105 in Troyes (Champagne). Rashi was the author of two comprehensive commentaries on the Talmud and on the Tanakh. His commentary on the Talmud, which covers nearly all of the Babylonian Talmud (a total of 30 tractates), has been included in every edition of the Talmud since its first printing by Daniel Bomberg in the 1520 s. His commentary on the most books of the Tanakh – especially on the Chumash – is still an indispensable exegetical tool to almost all students of the Hebrew Bible. This perush al ha-Torah supplemented almost all printed Hebrew Bibles or Chumash Editions and initiated more than 300 super-commentaries, which analyze and elucidate Rashi’s choices of exegesis, grammar, variant readings, Masora and midrash citations. The manuscript editions of his commentary were augmented with various map diagrams of Erets Israel, which disappeared in the printed editions of the Rashi commentary. Abraham Berliner mentioned this loss and recent scholarship is rediscovering these Rashi diagrams and maps. This paper elucidates the so-called Numeri 34 map-diagrams in the oldest extant manuscripts of the Rashi commentary, and their refinement and recycling within the Masora (figurata) of Ashkenazi bible manuscripts.
Ordnen und Verstehen – Die Zeichnungen des Villard de Honnecourt in einem diagrammatischen Denkmodell
Authors: Rathmann-Lutz Anja
Published: December 2017

The article shows the impact of diagrammatic thought and pattern in the transformation of ‘what has been seen’ into more or less systematic sketches, using the example of Villard’s de Honnecourt ‘Portfolio’ (Paris, BnF, Ms. fr. 19093, c. 1240). Rather than discussing the later use of the ‘Portfolio’, the focus is on Villard’s initial use of basic geometrical operations to understand, construct and amend his environment through the process of drawing. Analyzing his approach can thus contribute to the understanding of knowledge organization not only concerning the architecture of the 13th century but also to an understanding of knowledge organization in general.
Pharmacogenetics of Opioid Therapy in Treatment of Postoperative Pain: A Review
Authors: Dzambazovska-Trajkovska Vаnja , Nojkov Jordan , Kartalov Adrijan , Kuzmanovska Biljana , Spiroska Tatjana , Trajkovski Gjorgji , Geshkovska-Matevska Nadica , Dimovski Aleksandar
Published: December 2017

The safe and effective analgesia during and after surgery is an important clinical, social and economic problem. The goal of good analgesia is an individual balancing that patient's pain is reduced to a low level, and side effects are minimized. Data from the literature suggest genetic differences between patients in their ability to metabolize a particular drug. The effect of the drug is determined by interreaction of several genetic polymerphisms that affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug, including differences in potency of binding to receptors and activity of drug enzymes and transportters. There is evidence suggesting that mutations of the mu-opioid receptor gene affects interindividual differences in opioid sensitivity. This review of the literature aims to analyze the current knowledge on the impact of genetic polymorphisms of CYP3A4, ABCB1 C3435, ABCB1 2677 and OPRM1 A118G gene on analgesic effect and side effects of opioids in the treatment of postoperative pain.
Methods for Vascular Control in Liver Resections Due to Colorectal Metastases - Impact on Residual Parenchyma
Authors: Petrovski Stefan , Arabadzhieva Elena , Bonev Saso , Bulanov Dimitar , Popov Valentin , Dimitrova Violeta
Published: December 2017

Introduction. Massive blood loss while performing resections of the liver continues to be a serious problem with potentially lethal outcome. Therefore in the last 2-3 decades there has been a significant developement of techniques for vascular control during liver resections. Methods. In the period from 01.01.2006 to 31.12.2015 in KOCPH UMBAL "Aleksnadrovska" a total of 239 patients with colorectal liver metastases underwent surgery of whom: 179 patients were radicaly operated on and 57 patients were subjected to Pringle maneuver. Using the statistical software SPSS-19 we analyzed various factors that may affect the early postoperative results. Results. In resections of colorectal liver metastases there was a significant difference in the postoperative functional parameters (AST, ALT), which correlated with the degree of liver damage, in patients with Pringle and without Pringle maneuver 265.32 vs. 448 (p=0.001), and 300.53 vs. 481.91 (p=0.002),-respectively. There was no significant difference in the postoperative results in comparisson of resections <15 minutes, performed without Pringle and with Pringle maneuver. The blood loss is another factor that affects the postoperative complications (p = 0.048), and it was lowest in the Pringle group <15 min. Conclusion. Pringle maneuver is a simple and effecttive method for vascular control. As a result of its use we can observe the damage of the residual liver volume from the continuous ischemia to the reperfusion period. Thus, in liver resections, due to colorectal metastasis, vascular control strategy should be individual and corresponding to the extent of the procedure and associated diseases of the liver-fatty liver, cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis and others.
Influence of Trauma, Sport Activity and Body Mass Index on Knee Lesions Evaluated by Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Petrovska Tanja , Novotni Antoni
Published: December 2017

Introduction. The aim of the study was to analyze effusion, bone edema, joint/articular cartilage, menisci and ligaments in correlation with pain intensity, sport activity and BMI. Methods. In our prospective study, 261 knee MRIs of patients with acute knee trauma were analyzed, who had a negative x-ray of the knee for fracture, and pain lasting for 1 month despite conservative therapy. Results. Gender distribution: 65.1% male and 34.87% female patients. Majority of subjects had body mass index from 18.5-24.9 (41.76%) The presence of an edema in the medial condyle of the femur was detected in 12.64% of patients. The most common lesion was lesion on the cartilage of the medial condyle on the femur (33.72%). We found lesions of the ACL in 40% of the cases. All patients with a combined trauma to the anterior cruciate ligament and the posterior horn of the medial meniscus had also a bone edema type 1 and type 2. Conclusion. Age and body weight do not have an impact on the cause of trauma and the type and grade of the knee lesions. Athletes and not athletes have signifycantly different causes of trauma to the knee. Patients with lesions in the posterior horn of the medial meniscus grade 3 had significantly more bone edemas (p=0.013). Localization of the pain is not linked to the cause of injury, but it depends on the developed lesions on the knee.
Minoxidil Overdosage: A Case Report
Authors: Petkovska Lidija , Petronijevic Zvezdana , Chibishev Andon , Petkovski Dushan , Stevchevska Aleksandra
Published: December 2017

A 64-year-old man ingested about 60 ml 2% of topical minoxidil solution in order tomake his hair grow faster. Twelve hours after ingestion he was brought to the University Clinic of Toxicology with severe hypotension, tachycardia, chest pain and subendocardial ischemia. ECG showed diffuse T-wave inversion and depressed ST segments. He was also oligoanuric at admission. In spite of the intensive hydration with crystalloidsolutions and intravenous dopamine administration that resulted in partial hemodynamic improvement and resolution of the ECG changes, kidneyfailure occurred. After two hymodialysis sessions, urea and creatinine levels returned to normal and rebound hypertension appeared. The patient was discharged after 12 days of hospitalization in a good condition. Topical minoxidilsolution is formulation used for treatment of androgenic alopecia. If orally ingested it leads to severe hypotension, acute coronary syndrome, compensatory tachycardia and acute kidneyfailure. Emergency therapeutic approach is a precondition for successful outcome.
Leak Detection in Waterworks: Comparison Between STFT and FFT with an Overcoming of Limitations
Authors: Lay-Ekuakille Aimé , Griffo Giuseppe , Visconti Paolo , Primiceri Patrizio , Velazquez Ramiro
Published: December 2017

Detection of leakages in pipelines is a matter of continuous research because of the basic importance for a waterworks system is finding the point of the pipeline where a leak is located and − in some cases − a nature of the leak. There are specific difficulties in finding leaks by using spectral analysis techniques like FFT (Fast Fourier Transform), STFT (Short Term Fourier Transform), etc. These difficulties arise especially in complicated pipeline configurations, e.g. a zigzag one. This research focuses on the results of a new algorithm based on FFT and comparing them with a developed STFT technique. Even if other techniques are used, they are costly and difficult to be managed. Moreover, a constraint in the leak detection is the pipeline diameter because it influences accuracy of the adopted algorithm. FFT and STFT are not fully adequate for complex configurations dealt with in this paper, since they produce ill-posed problems with an increasing uncertainty. Therefore, an improved Tikhonov technique has been implemented to reinforce FFT and STFT for complex configurations of pipelines. Hence, the proposed algorithm overcomes the aforementioned difficulties due to applying a linear algebraic approach.
Minimization of Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury in ARDS Patients – Part I: Complex Model of Mechanically Ventilated ARDS Lungs
Authors: Glapiński Jarosław , Jabłoński Ireneusz
Published: December 2017

A complex model of mechanically ventilated ARDS lungs is proposed in the paper. This analogue is based on a combination of four components that describe breathing mechanics: morphology, mechanical properties of surfactant, tissue and chest wall characteristics. Physical-mathematical formulas attained from experimental data have been translated into their electrical equivalents and implemented in MultiSim software. To examine the adequacy of the forward model to the properties and behaviour of mechanically ventilated lungs in patients with ARDS symptoms, several computer simulations have been performed and reported in the paper. Inhomogeneous characteristics observed in the physical properties of ARDS lungs were mapped in a multi-lobe model and the measured outputs were compared with the data from physiological reports. In this way clinicians and scientists can obtain the knowledge on the moment of airway zone reopening/closure expressed as a function of pressure, volume or even time. In the paper, these trends were assessed for inhomogeneous distributions (proper for ARDS) of surfactant properties and airway geometry in consecutive lung lobes. The proposed model enables monitoring of temporal alveolar dynamics in successive lobes as well as those occurring at a higher level of lung structure organization, i.e. in a point P0 which can be used for collection of respiratory data during indirect management of recruitment/de-recruitment processes in ARDS lungs. The complex model and synthetic data generated for various parametrization scenarios make possible prospective studies on designing an indirect mode of alveolar zone management, i.e. with
The Effect of Breathing Mixtures on Physical Capacity of Rats in Hyperbaric Conditions
Authors: Doboszyński Tadeusz , Łokucijewski Bogdan , Siermontowski Piotr , Rejman Marek , Olszański Romuald
Published: December 2017

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of composition of various breathing mixes on physical capacity of rats swimming in hyperbaric conditions. The said effect was determined on the basis of results of a swim test performed in a pressure chamber. The study was performed with the use of atmospheric air, a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen (N2/O2) at a ratio of 89.5/10 and 92/7.5, as well as a mixture of argon and oxygen at a ratio of 79.5/20 (Ar/O2). The tests were conducted at a pressure range between 0-4 atm. The results suggest that the physical capacity of the tested animals decreased along with pressure increase regardless of the breathing mix used. Due to the fact that the burdening of rats with physical effort in hyperbaric conditions intensifies the adverse effects of components of breathing mixes on their performance, it seems appropriate to continue the study of physiological responses to breathing mixtures of various compositions in human body subjected to physical effort while under water.
The Effect of High Pressures on the Radiological Image of the Maxillary Sinuses in Divers
Authors: Klajman Stanisław , Dęga Kazimierz , Torbus Janusz , Wlazłowski Zbigniew
Published: December 2017

The barofunction of paranasal sinuses is of great significance in terms of diving safety and comfort. The paper aimed at determining the changes in the aeration of maxillary sinuses as a result of diving activities on the basis of a radiological image. Inter alia, it was observed that individuals who frequently practise diving show persistent changes in the radiological image of sinuses, however, usually they do not influence the diving capacity.
The Role of Public Population Institutions on Fertility Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: May John F.
Published: December 2017

The UN Population Division currently projects the population of Sub-Saharan Africa will reach 4 billion by the end of this century, unless we see a sharp decline in the region’s fertility rates. Although the region has embarked on its demographic transition, this process is occurring at a slower rate than in the rest of the developing world and seems to be stalling in several countries. The economic benefits that would follow from an acceleration of the fertility decline are now widely recognized but the SSA leadership is only slowly changing its attitude towards population issues. This paper’s discussion of SSA population growth focuses on fertility, and the identification of factors that may lead to fertility decline, with particular attention to the direct influence of public institutions. These are the public institutions dealing with family planning programs or those designed to prepare and implement population policies and/or monitor the demographic dividend. Reviewing the experience of these institutions in the SSA context allows us to suggest ways to strengthen them with the view of accelerating the fertility transition in the region, opening a demographic window of opportunity, and capturing a first demographic dividend.
Inklusion und Studium – Ergebnisse einer Befragung von Studierenden
Authors: Janßen Christian , Mayer Maximilian
Published: December 2017

Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes „Inklusion und Studium“ wurden 491 Studierende der Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften München zu ihren Studienbedingungen und Einstellungen zum Thema „Inklusion“ befragt. Von den befragten Studierenden waren ca. 10% selbst von einer Beeinträchtigung betroffen. Während die meisten Befragten angaben, keine Berührungsängste zu Studierenden mit Beeinträchtigung aufzuweisen, war der Kenntnisstand zum Thema „Inklusion“ auffallend gering. Ein Drittel der Studierenden mit Beeinträchtigung hat sich mindestens schon einmal ausgegrenzt gefühlt.
Gehörlose Menschen im Alter – Herausforderungen in der gesundheitlichen Versorgung
Authors: Kaul Thomas , Büchler Nele , Gelhardt Anne
Published: December 2017

Gehörlose Menschen, die bevorzugt Gebärdensprache nutzen und sich als Angehörige einer sprachlichen und kulturellen Minderheit verstehen, stoßen auf erhebliche Barrieren im Zugang zu Informationen ebenso wie zu Angeboten der Gesundheitsversorgung. Insbesondere im Alter, bei Pflegebedarf und Demenz, ist die Gefahr von Isolation, Fehldiagnosen und gesundheitlicher Unterversorgung sehr groß. Für einen chancengleichen Zugang sind kultursensible Angebote mit Gebärdensprache von zentraler Bedeutung.
Leben mit einem „GdB“
Authors: Heberlein Ilse
Published: December 2017

Durch die Anerkennung einer Schwerbehinderung erhalten behinderte Menschen Zugang zu einer Reihe von Rechten und Nachteilsausgleichen, die die Teilhabe am Leben in der Gesellschaft, insbesondere am Arbeitsleben fördern sollen. Die Beschäftigung schwerbehinderter Menschen ist in den vergangenen Jahren angestiegen, während sich an der Arbeitslosigkeit insgesamt nur wenig geändert hat. Eine ungünstige Entwicklung zeigt sich in der Gruppe älterer Menschen und seelisch Kranker mit einer Schwerbehinderung. Hier bedarf es weiterer Teilhabeförderungen, die über die im Bundesteilhabegesetz im Januar 2017 getroffenen Verbesserungen des Schwerbehindertenrechts hinausgehen.
Behindern verhindern. Zeit für barrierefreies Handeln!
Authors: Mühlner Susann
Published: December 2017

Die Staatsregierung des Freistaates Sachsen hat sich unter anderem zum Ziel gesetzt, sachsenweit Barrieren abzubauen und somit allen Bürgerinnen und Bürgern gesellschaftliche Teilhabe zu ermöglichen. Seit Jahren liegt deshalb ein besonderer Fokus auf der Gestaltung einer inklusiven Gesellschaft und Förderung der Barrierefreiheit. Der folgende Beitrag erörtert den umfangreichen Aktionsplan der Sächsischen Staatsregierung zur Umsetzung der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention, mit dem die gesetzten Ziele erreicht werden sollen.
Erste sexuelle Erfahrungen von jungen Erwachsenen mit Beeinträchtigungen
Authors: Retznik Laura , Wienholz Sabine , Seidel Anja , Conrad Ines , Riedel-Heller Steffi G.
Published: December 2017

Im Rahmen der vorgestellten Studie wurden die sexuellen Erfahrungen von 152 jungen Erwachsenen mit Beeinträchtigungen untersucht. Insgesamt waren die Befragten (75%), insbesondere mit körperlicher Beeinträchtigung, weniger koitus- erfahren als junge Erwachsene ohne Beeinträchtigung. Als Gründe dafür nannten sie u.a. ihr mangelndes Selbstvertrauen und ihre Beeinträchtigung. Insbesondere die ProbandInnen mit Sinnes- oder körperlicher Beeinträchtigung hatten ebenfalls PartnerInnen mit Beeinträchtigung.
Auswirkungen des Bundesteilhabegesetzes auf die medizinische Rehabilitation
Authors: Fuchs Harry
Published: December 2017

Das Bundesteilhabegesetz (BTHG) enthält zur medizinischen Rehabilitation – bis auf die Frühförderung – keine wesentlichen leistungsrechtlichen Änderungen im Teil 1 der am 1.1.2018 in Kraft tretenden überarbeiteten Fassung des Neunten Sozialgesetzbuches (SGB IX). Dagegen wird das Verfahrensrecht für alle Leistungen zur Teilhabe (§ 5 SGB IX) weiter konkretisiert. Das BTHG setzt erweiterte Maßstäbe für die Erkennung und Ermittlung des Bedarfs an Teilhabeleistungen sowie die Koordinierung der Leistungen, die künftig für alle Rehabilitationsträger abweichungsfest verbindlich sind und von denen auch die Länder im Bereich der Eingliederungshilfe nicht abweichen können.