bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Berberine alleviates cerebellar damage in global cerebral ischemia: A comprehensive study with stereological analysis, evaluation of the antioxidant response, and locomotor function in rat models
Authors: Mehboodi Dariush , Shahedi Abbas , Namavar Mohammadreza , Yadegari Maryam , Mazaheri Fahime
Published: October 2024

Background

Global cerebral ischemia (GCI) leads to significant oxidative damage in the cerebellum, mainly affecting Purkinje cells. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of berberine chloride (BBR), a compound known for its antioxidant properties against GCI.

Materials and methods

Fourty‐two adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Sham, GCI, and GCI + BBR. Rats received BBR (50 mg/kg) seven days before and six hours after inducing GCI via bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 20 min. They were assessed for locomotor activity by the open‐field test, the cerebellar biochemical factors malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), cerebellum volume and Purkinje neuron count by stereological analysis.

Results

The BBR treatment reduced the concentration of MDA and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPx in the GCI + BBR group compared to the GCI group. Stereological analysis revealed higher Purkinje cell count, cerebellum, white matter, and gray matter volume in the GCI + BBR group compared to the GCI group. Furthermore, GCI + BBR showed enhanced locomotor function compared to the GCI group.

Conclusion

BBR showed therapeutic benefits and improved locomotor function. It demonstrated antioxidative effects by lowering MDA levels, boosting enzymatic activities, and significantly mitigating Purkinje cell death and cerebellar volume loss.
Biochemical changes in the aetiology of floppy kid syndrome in goat kids
Authors: Kudělková Lenka , Wittke Ľubica , Pechová Alena , Hauptmanová Kateřina , Pavlata Leoš
Published: October 2024

In the herd, 20 of 75 goat kids born became progressively ill. Twelve affected kids, aged 4–9 days, exhibited muscle weakness, pain without fever, diarrhoea and dehydration. Their health deteriorated rapidly, and within a few hours, one kid died. The results of the blood test revealed severe metabolic acidosis, hypokalaemia and changes in urea concentrations. Floppy kid syndrome was diagnosed. Treatment was initiated to correct the acid–base balance, and all affected kids were temporarily separated from their mothers. All the treated kids recovered. Before the onset of clinical signs, elevated urea concentrations and differences in maternal blood potassium levels were observed. This is the first report on changes in potassium concentrations in periparturient dams of goat kids with and without floppy kid syndrome, as well as the first report on changes in urea concentrations in kids before the onset of clinical signs.
Simulating controlled drainage and hydrological connections in a cultivated peatland field
Authors: Salla Aleksi , Salo Heidi , Tähtikarhu Mika , Marttila Hannu , Läpikivi Miika , Liimatainen Maarit , Lötjönen Timo , Koivusalo Harri
Published: October 2024

Cultivated peatlands are increasingly regarded as hot spots due to climate change and other environmental concerns. Flexible water management, such as controlled drainage, is proposed to optimize cultivation and reduce environmental risks in peatland fields. The hydrological and environmental implications of controlled drainage depend on site‐specific variables, and it is unclear how controlled drainage should be implemented in various conditions. Simulation models are a promising approach to systemically study the field hydrology, as models can capture the complete water balance, which is difficult through experimental studies alone. We calibrated and validated the spatially distributed model FLUSH to describe the hydrology of a field block with a shallow peat cover and controlled drainage in central western Finland. The objectives were to analyze the hydrological effects of controlled drainage and detect hydrological connections between the field and an adjacent upslope forest area. The results showed how inflow from the forest can induce high observed drain discharge but impacted the block groundwater tables only in the proximity of the forest (distance <25 m). The effect of controlled drainage on groundwater tables was on average 0.15 m and seasonally varying. Controlled drainage reduced drain discharge, and the reduction was larger with the forest area included in the model. While controlled drainage effects on groundwater levels and soil moisture were insensitive to groundwater influxes from adjacent areas, the water balance impact highlights the role of hydrological connections in the hydrology of cultivated peatlands under controlled drainage.
Software Verification Witnesses 2.0
Authors: Ayaziová Paulína , Beyer Dirk , Lingsch-Rosenfeld Marian , Spiessl Martin , Strejček Jan
Published: October 2024

Verification witnesses are now widely accepted objects used not only to confirm or refute verification results, but also for general exchange of information among various tools for program verification. The original format for witnesses is based on GraphML, and it has some known issues including a semantics based on control-flow automata, limited tool support of some format features, and a large size of witness files. This paper presents version 2.0 of the witness format, which is based on YAML and overcomes the above-mentioned issues. We describe the new format, provide an experimental comparison of various aspects of the original and the new witness format showing that both witness formats perform similarly, and report on its adoption in the community.
Fault Localization on Verification Witnesses
Authors: Beyer Dirk , Kettl Matthias , Lemberger Thomas
Published: October 2024

When verifiers report an alarm, they export a violation witness (exchangeable counterexample) that helps validate the reachability of that alarm. Conventional wisdom says that this violation witness should be very precise: the ideal witness describes a single error path for the validator to check. But we claim that verifiers overshoot and produce large witnesses with information that makes validation unnecessarily difficult. To check our hypothesis, we reduce violation witnesses to that information that automated fault-localization approaches deem relevant for triggering the reported alarm in the program. We perform a large experimental evaluation on the witnesses produced in the International Competition on Software Verification (SV-COMP 2023). It shows that our reduction shrinks the witnesses considerably and enables the confirmation of verification results that were not confirmable before.
Augmenting Interpolation-Based Model Checking with Auxiliary Invariants
Authors: Beyer Dirk , Chien Po-Chun , Lee Nian-Ze
Published: October 2024

Software model checking is a challenging problem, and generating relevant invariants is a key factor in proving the safety properties of a program. Program invariants can be obtained by various approaches, including lightweight procedures based on data-flow analysis and intensive techniques using Craig interpolation. Although data-flow analysis runs efficiently, it often produces invariants that are too weak to prove the properties. By contrast, interpolation-based approaches build strong invariants from interpolants, but they might not scale well due to expensive interpolation procedures. Invariants can also be injected into model-checking algorithms to assist the analysis. Invariant injection has been studied for many well-known approaches, including k-induction, predicate abstraction, and symbolic execution. We propose an augmented interpolation-based verification algorithm that injects external invariants into interpolation-based model checking (McMillan, 2003), a hardware model-checking algorithm recently adopted for software verification. The auxiliary invariants help prune unreachable states in Craig interpolants and confine the analysis to the reachable parts of a program. We implemented the proposed technique in the verification framework CPAchecker and evaluated it against mature SMT-based methods in CPAchecker as well as other state-of-the-art software verifiers. We found that injecting invariants reduces the number of interpolation queries needed to prove safety properties and improves the run-time efficiency. Consequently, the proposed invariant-injection approach verified difficult tasks that none of its plain version (i.e., without invariants), the invariant generator, or any compared tools could solve.
Introduction: CLIC EU Horizon2020 R&I Project: Circular Models Leveraging Investments in Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse
Authors: Fusco Girard Luigi , Gravagnuolo Antonia
Published: October 2024

This volume harvests the key results of on the Horizon 2020 CLIC research project on “Circular economy models to leverage investments in cultural heritage adaptive reuse”. This multidisciplinary and trans-disciplinary research was developed between 2017 and 2022 engaging hundreds of citizens and stakeholders in four pilot European cities to experiment innovative approaches for the adaptive reuse and management of cultural heritage in the perspective of the circular economy.
Grassroots Social Sustainability Framework and Intrinsic Value Measures for Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse Projects
Authors: Domaradzka Anna , Roszczyńska-Kurasińska Magdalena
Published: October 2024

This chapter illustrates the results of pilot implementation of the grassroot social sustainability framework (GSS) to study specific cases of adaptive reuse projects. The framework is based on the ideas described in detail in another chapter of this book (Żbikowska et al. 2024, Chap. 10, this volume). Here, we present the results of three pilot studies to demonstrate how concepts of social sustainability and intrinsic value can be linked to create a practical methodological framework. Its primary purpose is to enable the analysis of the social surroundings of cultural heritage sites as well as the qualities of the sites themselve, to identify opportunities and threats for achieving long-term grassroots sustainability.
Towards Participatory, Dynamic, Co-evolutionary Evaluation for Circular Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage: The Experimentation of Salerno Circular City of Health
Authors: Gravagnuolo Antonia , Bosone Martina , Micheletti Serena , Angrisano Mariarosaria , Fusco Girard Luigi
Published: October 2024

Adaptive reuse describes the process of giving “new life to old buildings” through new uses and functions compatible with the existing building/site. This process can be implemented in cultural heritage sites that have lost their functionality for many reasons, and lay in a state of abandonment or underuse. The recovery of the rich cultural heritage in abandonment, from religious heritage buildings not used anymore in today’s society, to ancient fortifications, civic buildings, lighthouses, commercial sites, can be a leverage for the regeneration of urban areas and rural landscapes, enhancing the attractiveness of cities and regions. Moreover, as discussed in this volume, the functional reuse of cultural heritage can be an opportunity to recover unused resources implementing the principles of the circular economy: reuse, recovery, refurbishing, restoration, regeneration. Sustainable and circular adaptive reuse of cultural heritage should focus on ecosystems regeneration, social and cultural regeneration, and economic benefits for communities. Attention to the formation of “heritage communities” caring for cultural heritage and contributing to its maintenance and conservation, a careful knowledge of the urban and territorial system on which the assets insist, the sustainable valorisation of the intangible heritage as a tool for understanding the tangible one, represent tools that can reasonably orient the transformation processes in line with a virtuous operational practice. The aim of this chapter is to present the CLIC dynamic and co-evolutionary evaluation methodology for participatory circular adaptive reuse of cultural heritage. The methodology was applied in Salerno, Italy to support the adaptive reuse of four large historic buildings in a state of abandonment
Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage: Barrier Assessment and Policy-Related Recommendations
Authors: Ikiz Kaya Deniz , Pintossi Nadia , Koot Caroline A. M.
Published: October 2024

The adaptive reuse of cultural heritage is a heritage conservation and urban development strategy that supports circularity in the built environment. A human-centred circular city approach that places cultural heritage adaptive reuse at the core of the transition to circular economy takes into account complex values inherent in cities and their heritage as part of the circular economy agenda. To better understand the challenges to adaptive reuse processes and practices in order to come up with the best solutions and recommendations, the local, regional and national stakeholders involved in the decision-making processes for adaptive reuse policies and practices were consulted to identify the main barriers to adaptive reuse, suggested solutions and to formulate a multi-level toolkit and policy enablers to facilitate and accelerate adaptive reuse in local contexts. This knowledge base thus has a dual purpose: to inform the formulation of the circular instruments and models, and to constitute the first step to formulate policy-related enablers and strategies to tackle these barriers at local, regional, national and global levels. The main barriers to adaptive reuse identified predominantly focus on governance-related issues, followed closely by economic, social, and legislative barriers. The underlying parameters of the identified barriers also served as an initiative for formulating policy solutions and a complex set of toolkit recommendations to tackle these challenges. We identified 18 policy enablers that can be adopted at European, national, and local levels. By raising awareness and building consensus on barriers among relevant actors involved in adaptive reuse, this research also promotes the transition towards a proactive attitude in adaptive reuse practices worldwide.
A New Approach for Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse: Circular Governance
Authors: Garzillo Cristina , Wildman Allison , Balenciaga Intza , Izulain Ane
Published: October 2024

The launch of the New European Bauhaus initiative has marked a milestone in the recognition and valorisation of cultural values and cultural heritage by European leaders as part of a sustainable thriving future. But cultural heritage assets—both tangible and intangible, protected and unprotected—are continuously under threat from a variety of economic, sociological, and environmental pressures (e.g., poor territorial planning, unconstrained tourism, disinvestment…).
Circular Business Model for Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse: An Iterative Journey
Authors: Saleh Ruba , Ost Christian
Published: October 2024

After World War I, an architectural and urban movement for protecting heritage emerged. An important turning point for urban conservation was when the focus shifted from the process itself towards questioning why to conserve (what are the values being safeguarded) and for whom? Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage became a two faceted tool which tackles contemporary needs with high quality reuse projects and provides evidence of the multilayered positive impacts. Although there is no commonly agreed upon definition of cultural entrepreneurship, the authors define it as a set of activities aimed at harnessing a cultural business opportunity. The novelty stands in being innovative in transforming cultural values into economic values. The process of creating new adaptive reuse of heritage buildings is about the business of transforming abandoned, underused or not in use cultural heritage into common goods which reflect needs and aspirations of the contemporary local community with respect to environment and social practices and interactions. It is timely for cultural entrepreneurs to embrace circular and innovative organizational forms of business and finance for managing their cultural activities. Cultural entrepreneurship is auspicious because it endows innovative concepts on quantity, quality and manipulation of resources in tandem with novel ways of empowering consumers, prosumers and the community at large in governing the common goods. This paper illustrates the process of developing a circular business model for adaptive reuse of cultural heritage in line with the guidelines of the Historic Urban Landscape approach. It also delineates how the circular business model workshops were conducted throughout H2020 project CLIC and what were the main results.
Key Learnings from the “Kultur-Token” Sustainable Business Modelling Case Study
Authors: Foster Gillian
Published: October 2024

In 2020, the Vienna University of Economics and Business’ Institute for Ecological Economics and Institute for Cryptoeconomics (WU) conducted a sustainable business modeling case study for a municipal initiative, the City of Vienna’s “Kultur-Token” (KT). The KT is one of the City of Vienna’s pilot initiatives to enhance city life with culture—while addressing the global challenge of climate change with local greenhouse gas/air pollution reductions.
Investment Leverage for Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Pickerill Tracy
Published: October 2024

The investment needs of urban, peri urban and rural areas to achieve sustainable growth varies depending on the size of urban conurbations and rural clusters, demographic trends, geographic location, political and economic stability and the quality of existing assets, including cultural heritage assets. The reticence of traditional capital markets to quantifying intangible socio-cultural, environmental, aesthetic, and spiritual values in the cultural heritage investment decision making process, can lead to market failure, investment barriers and a consequent trade-off between value judgments relating to the value preferences of diverse stakeholders. Altered financial markets stemming from political and economic turbulence over the last decade has exacerbated this situation and negatively impacted on the financial viability of many cultural heritage activities. Market failure coupled with pure profit orientation, from some sectors of the marketplace, can potentially result in inappropriate adaptation or demolition of built heritage assets unless gap finance can be sourced from limited public finances or sympathetic philanthropic benefactors, leaving the fate of many cultural assets to profit driven capital markets and political whim.
The Circular “Human-Centred” Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage: Theoretical Foundations
Authors: Fusco Girard Luigi
Published: October 2024

The Horizon 2020 call SC5-22-2017 required to identify “innovative financing, business and governance models for adaptive re-use of cultural heritage”. Four kinds of cultural heritage assets were considered in the call: dismissed religious heritage, abandoned industrial buildings, farm buildings no longer used for agriculture and cultural landscape. Some specific outcomes of the CLIC research in reacting to the above issues and also some very general Recommendations are proposed.
Circular Financing Mechanisms for Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Lupu Aliona , Allegro Ivo
Published: October 2024

The chapter “Circular Financing Mechanisms for Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage” addresses the need for innovative financing to preserve cultural heritage amid reduced public budgets, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Traditional funding methods are critiqued for inefficiency and overemphasis on preservation without leveraging cultural heritage’s full potential. The Horizon2020 CLIC project proposes a circular economy approach, developing a taxonomy for circular, sustainable, green, social, impact, and ESG finance. Three primary financial instruments are introduced: the ARCH Investment Readiness Facility, the ARCH Hybrid Circular Impact Fund, and a hybrid Public Private Partnership (PPP) approach. These mechanisms aim to mobilize private investments, enhance project viability, and generate long-term social, cultural, and environmental impacts. Emphasis is placed on robust impact assessment frameworks and results-based financing to ensure transparency and efficiency. The project highlights the potential of blended finance to attract private investments and achieve sustainable development goals. In conclusion, the proposed mechanisms aim to bridge the financing gap for cultural heritage projects, promoting sustainable economic growth and social inclusion. The integration of public and private efforts within a circular economy framework is essential for preserving cultural heritage. The chapter underscores the importance of innovative financing solutions to support adaptive reuse and long-term sustainability.
Conclusions and Some Guidelines
Authors: Fusco Girard Luigi , Gravagnuolo Antonia
Published: October 2024

Which conclusions? Which critical reflections about the CLIC results? Which recommendations? The conclusions of this volume offer an overview on the theoretical framework and operational aspects of the circular symbiotic heritage ecosystem model, focused on the relationships between cultural heritage adaptive reuse and local development in the perspective of the circular economy and circular city/region implementation. The adoption of the circular model requires to take care of the long term, of intangibles that do not have a monetary dimension, and thus it recognizes a specific weight to many benefits that are those typical of cultural heritage, that in traditional economic terms are underestimated. The circular model re-establishes “weights” with respect to conventional economics, according to ecological and human-centred values, valorising the intangible dimensions that are usually not recognized operationally. On the other side, the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage contributes to the realisation of the circular city model.
Intangible Matters: Cultural Heritage as a Driver for Circular Economy
Authors: Acri Marco , Greffe M. Xavier , Dobričić Saša
Published: October 2024

By examining the experiences from the CLIC project, which integrates cultural heritage adaptive reuse with the concepts of circular economy, the paper highlights the historical significance of these principles and their contemporary relevance. Historically, the production of daily objects, works of art, and monuments adhered to economic principles of efficiency and efficacy, optimising the use of available materials while perfecting their primary uses. However, industrialisation and globalisation have altered this logic, making materials more accessible but diminishing specialised craftsmanship. Driven by sustainability concerns, there is a need to recreate an alternative narrative that reinterprets traditional local economies. This paper focusses on the intrinsic circularity of the cultural heritage market, emphasising the contribution of intangible elements such as tacit and explicit knowledge, taste, and design in the production of heritage through craftsmanship. The discussion is organised into two main sections: the first re-examines the conceptual framework of tailor-made design from a circular economy perspective, discussing information asymmetry, tacit knowledge, maintenance, repair, taste, vintage, and the second life of things. The second section underscores the importance of recovering traditional cultural heritage production processes, highlighting the collaborative role of designers, craftsmen, and users in creating heritage through a tailor-made process. The paper concludes with recommendations for new theoretical and political narratives that restore the intangible dimension to cultural heritage.
The Intimate Circular Dimension of Heritage Conservation and Historic Urban Landscape
Authors: Dobričić Saša , Acri Marco , Jokilehto Jukka
Published: October 2024

The doctrine of conservation, enriched by centuries of multidisciplinary contributions, emphasizes the preservation of cultural heritage and its profound societal relevance. Despite its complexity and diverse perspectives, the doctrine underscores the need to protect cultural and natural diversity from the adverse effects of globalized economic dynamics that have replaced technologies and materials and have contributed to the reduction of available local skills in artisanship. This paper examines how adaptive reuse and circular economy principles can bolster conservation efforts, aligning with the intrinsic mission to preserve embodied energy, reduce resource waste and rely on skilled artisans performing constant care. To this aim, it recalls the contribution of the CLIC project, which advocates the need for innovative economic models that integrate conservation values, promoting sustainability while addressing contemporary challenges. It stresses the importance of establishing robust governance frameworks, extensive education, and supportive legislation for effective heritage preservation. It concludes by placing emphasis on local awareness, creative conservation methods, and the experiential dimension of heritage, ensuring cultural assets are maintained and utilized responsibly, as well as asks for future efforts to balance development pressures with the imperative to preserve cultural narratives, recognizing heritage as an invaluable capital that enhances societal well-being and resilience.
In Search of a Circular Model for Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse: Building Evidence-Base
Authors: Gravagnuolo Antonia , Monteleone Gabriella , Fusco Girard Luigi
Published: October 2024

The CLIC framework for circular adaptive reuse of cultural heritage was tested through the assessment of European adaptive reuse cases, to identify the elements of success in diverse contexts according to specific and multidimensional circularity criteria. One of the objectives of the CLIC project was to strengthen efforts to harness data for heritage management in EU regions, developing participatory mapping, unified access to heritage-related databases, data visualization, citizen-generated data. This contribution aims to present the methodology and tools used in the CLIC adaptive reuse of cultural heritage to collect, organise, analyse and interpret relevant data on European cultural heritage adaptive reuse practices, to identify good practices, success factors and barriers towards the implementation of the circular model for heritage reuse and regeneration. The CLIC Survey rationale and structure is described, followed by the pilot data collection platform features, data analysis and assessment. A number of case studies is provided as an overview of the relevant information collected and how it was used to advance knowledge on successful adaptive reuse cases.
A Statistical Model Representation and Analysis of Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse Practices Based on Latent Variables for Circularity Assessment
Authors: Lauro Natale Carlo , Gravagnuolo Antonia , Fusco Girard Luigi , Vellecco Immacolata , Lauro Maurizio
Published: October 2024

Cultural heritage is a non-reproducible cultural resource, contributing to communities’ identity and wellbeing, to be preserved for present and future generations ensuring cultural identity and diversity as human right. However, cultural heritage buildings, sites and often entire historic urban areas or villages can be subject to abandonment and degradation, if not used and maintained over time. Between diverse approaches to preserve cultural heritage (e.g. restoration, recovery, maintenance), adaptive reuse is a process of re-use of buildings and sites that have lost their original function, identifying new functions/uses, compatible with heritage values. Adaptive reuse can be a valid solution to keep cultural heritage in a proper conservation state, preserving cultural values at risk of irreversible loss due to abandonment, and ensuring access and enjoyment of heritage assets. Re-use is also considered the key process through which implementing the circular economy, not only in manufacturing industry but also in the construction industry and urban/regional development, thus the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage can represent an effective approach to realise circular cities and regions, bringing abandoned and underused historic buildings and sites to new life. However, from the point of view of conservation, adaptive reuse implies possible changes to adapt heritage to new uses, ranging from structural modifications, to technological improvements or lighter, reversible interventions. The degree of change of cultural heritage needed for implementing new uses can vary, and should be carefully assessed in a multidimensional perspective, to avoid the risk of threatening or reducing cultural value through the reuse process. Thus, appropriate evaluation methods and tools should be identified to support the decision-making process, particularly when multiple stakeholders are involved and different solutions can be proposed. The aim of this chapter is to propose an innovative methodology to assess the circularity of cultural heritage adaptive reuse best practice, and testing, at the same time, the validity of the theoretical framework discussed in the previous chapters. The evaluation of several practices on the base of suitable indicators collected through a European survey allowed to validate specific circularity criteria and definitions that can support decision-makers.
A Multicriteria and Multi-scalar Decision Support System to Implement Circular Economy in Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse
Authors: Panaro Simona , Greco Salvatore , Ishizaka Alessio
Published: October 2024

This chapter presents the Decision Support System (DSS) developed within the CLIC project. Involving different stakeholders in a step by-step procedure, this tool supports transparent and informed decision making on the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage. The description of the methodology will be complemented by two practical boxes, in which the implementation of the tool in the Italian city of Salerno and the Croatian city of Rijeka will be briefly presented.
Universal early-time growth in quantum circuit complexity
Authors: Haque S. Shajidul , Jafari Ghadir , Underwood Bret
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We show that quantum circuit complexity for the unitary time evolution operator of any time-independent Hamiltonian is bounded by linear growth at early times, independent of any choices of the fundamental gates or cost metric. Deviations from linear early-time growth arise from the commutation algebra of the gates and are manifestly negative for any circuit, decreasing the linear growth rate and leading to a bound on the growth rate of complexity of a circuit at early times. We illustrate this general result by applying it to qubit and harmonic oscillator systems, including the coupled and anharmonic oscillator. By discretizing free and interacting scalar field theories on a lattice, we are also able to extract the early-time behavior and dependence on the lattice spacing of complexity of these field theories in the continuum limit, demonstrating how this approach applies to systems that have been previously difficult to study using existing techniques for quantum circuit complexity.
Bounds on photon scattering
Authors: Häring Kelian , Hebbar Aditya , Karateev Denis , Meineri Marco , Penedones João
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We study 2-to-2 scattering amplitudes of massless spin one particles in d = 4 space-time dimensions, like real world photons. We define a set of non-perturbative observables (Wilson coefficients) which describe these amplitudes at low energies. We use full non-linear unitarity to construct various novel numerical bounds on these observables. For completeness, we also rederive some bounds using positivity only. We discover and explain why some of these Wilson coefficients cannot be bounded.
Black hole singularity from OPE
Authors: Čeplak Nejc , Liu Hong , Parnachev Andrei , Valach Samuel
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Eternal asymptotically AdS black holes are dual to thermofield double states in the boundary CFT. It has long been known that black hole singularities have certain signatures in boundary thermal two-point functions related to null geodesics bouncing off the singularities (bouncing geodesics). In this paper we shed light on the manifestations of black hole singularities in the dual CFT. We decompose the boundary CFT correlator of scalar operators using the Operator Product Expansion (OPE) and focus on the contributions from the identity, the stress tensor, and its products. We show that this part of the correlator develops singularities precisely at the points that are connected by bulk bouncing geodesics. Black hole singularities are thus encoded in the analytic behavior of the boundary correlators determined by multiple stress tensor exchanges. Furthermore, we show that in the limit where the conformal dimension of the operators is large, the sum of multi-stress-tensor contributions develops a branch point singularity as predicted by the geodesic analysis. We also argue that the appearance of complexified geodesics, which play an important role in computing the full correlator, is related to the contributions of the double-trace operators in the boundary CFT.
Regulation of Cx36 trafficking through the early secretory pathway by COPII cargo receptors and Grasp55
Authors: Tetenborg Stephan , Ariakia Fatemeh , Martinez-Soler Elizabeth , Shihabeddin Eyad , Lazart Ignacio Cebrian , Miller Adam C. , O’Brien John
Published: October 2024

Gap junctions formed by the major neuronal connexin Cx36 function as electrical synapses in the nervous system and provide unique functions such as synchronizing neuron activities or supporting network oscillations. Although the physiological significance of electrical synapses for neuronal networks is well established, little is known about the pathways that regulate the transport of its main component: Cx36. Here we have used HEK293T cells as an expression system in combination with siRNA and BioID screens to study the transition of Cx36 from the ER to the cis Golgi. Our data indicate that the C-terminal tip of Cx36 is a key factor in this process, mediating binding interactions with two distinct components in the early secretory pathway: the COPII complex and the Golgi stacking protein Grasp55. The C-terminal amino acid valine serves as an ER export signal to recruit COPII cargo receptors Sec24A/B/C at ER exit sites, whereas the PDZ binding motif “SAYV” mediates an interaction with Grasp55. These two interactions have opposing effects in their respective compartments. While Sec24 subunits carry Cx36 out of the ER, Grasp55 stabilizes Cx36 in the Golgi as shown in over expression experiments. These early regulatory steps of Cx36 are expected to be essential for the formation, function, regulation and plasticity of electrical synapses in the developing and mature nervous system.
Discontinuities Cause Essential Spectrum on Surfaces
Authors: Butterley Oliver , Canestrari Giovanni , Castorrini Roberto
Published: October 2024

Two-dimensional maps with discontinuities are considered. It is shown that, in the presence of discontinuities, the essential spectrum of the transfer operator is large whenever it acts on a Banach space with norm that is stronger than $$L^\infty $$

L
∞

or $$BV$$

BV

. Three classes of examples are introduced and studied, both expanding and partially expanding. In two dimensions, there is complication due to the geometry of the discontinuities, an issue not present in the one-dimensional case and which is explored in this work.
Symplectic topology and ideal-valued measures
Authors: Dickstein Adi , Ganor Yaniv , Polterovich Leonid , Zapolsky Frol
Published: October 2024

We adapt Gromov’s notion of ideal-valued measures to symplectic topology, and use it for proving new results on symplectic rigidity and symplectic intersections. Furthermore, it allows us to discuss three “big fiber theorems”—the Centerpoint Theorem in combinatorial geometry, the Maximal Fiber Inequality in topology, and the Non-displaceable Fiber Theorem in symplectic topology—from a unified viewpoint. Our main technical tool is an enhancement of the symplectic cohomology theory recently developed by Varolgüneş.
Activated carbons prepared from stump wood of various tree species by chemical activation and their application for water purification
Authors: Doczekalska Beata , Ziemińska Natalia , Kuśmierek Krzysztof , Świątkowski Andrzej
Published: October 2024

Activated carbons (ACs) were produced from stump wood of different tree species, such as pine, bearded birch, and American black cherry using chemical activation with KOH and NaOH. The activated carbons were characterized and evaluated as adsorbents for eliminating bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions. The kinetics of adsorption and equilibrium adsorption, as well as the impact of solution pH and ionic strength, were examined. The kinetics were analyzed using the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intra-particle diffusion, and Boyd kinetic models. The findings suggest that the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. Additionally, the film diffusion was found to be the rate-determining step for the adsorption of BPA on all of the activated carbons. The data for adsorption equilibrium were tested using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips equations, with results indicating that the Langmuir model was the most applicable. The capacity of activated carbons to adsorb BPA was dependent on their surface area. Higher BET surface areas resulted in increased adsorption. The birch-derived AC activated by NaOH had a monolayer adsorption capacity of 1.980 mmol/g, while the AC from black cherry activated with KOH had 2.195 mmol/g. The adsorption of BPA was pH-dependent, and no effect of ionic strength was observed. The activated carbons had very high adsorption capacities, indicating that stump wood is an excellent precursor for the production of highly effective adsorbents.
Perfluoroalkyl acid precursor or weakly fluorinated organic compound? A proof of concept for oxidative fractionation of PFAS and organofluorines
Authors: Zweigle Jonathan , Schmidt Apollonia , Bugsel Boris , Vogel Christian , Simon Fabian , Zwiener Christian
Published: October 2024

Organofluorine mass balance approaches are increasingly applied to investigate the occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and other organofluorines in environmental samples more comprehensively. Usually, complex samples prevent the identification and quantification of every fluorine-containing molecule. Consequently, large unidentified fractions between fluorine sum parameters such as extractable organic fluorine (EOF) and the sum of quantified analytes are frequently reported. We propose using oxidative conversion to separate (unidentified) weakly fluorinated compounds (e.g., pesticides, pharmaceuticals) from PFAA-precursors (perfluoroalkyl chain lengths ≥ C6). We show with three organofluorine model substances (flufenamic acid, diflufenican, pantoprazole) that CF3-groups or aromatic fluorine can be quantitatively converted to inorganic fluoride and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) by applying PhotoTOP oxidation (UV/TiO2). The principle of fluorine separation in mixtures is demonstrated by the oxidation of the three weakly fluorinated compounds together with the PFAA-precursor 6:2/6:2 fluorotelomer mercaptoalkyl phosphate diester (FTMAP). After oxidation, the products F− and TFA were separated from PFCAs (> C4) by SPE, and the fractions were analyzed individually. Closed mass balances both with and without the addition of organic matrix were achieved. Eventually, the fluorine balance was verified by total fluorine measurements with combustion ion chromatography (CIC). The proposed methods should be considered a proof of concept to potentially explain unidentified fractions of the EOF, especially if compounds with low fluorine content such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and their transformation products contribute largely to the EOF. Future studies are needed to show the applicability to the complexity of environmental samples.

Graphical Abstract
Reducibility Without KAM
Authors: Argentieri F. , Fayad B.
Published: October 2024

We prove rotations-reducibility for close to constant quasi-periodic $$SL(2,\mathbb {R})$$

S
L
(
2
,
R
)

cocycles in one frequency in the finite regularity and smooth cases, and derive some applications to quasi-periodic Schrödinger operators.
On the Superadditive Pressure for 1-Typical, One-Step, Matrix-Cocycle Potentials
Authors: Rush Tom
Published: October 2024

Let $$(\Sigma _T,\sigma )$$

(

Σ
T

,
σ
)

be a subshift of finite type with primitive adjacency matrix $$T$$
T
, $$\psi :\Sigma _T \rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

ψ
:

Σ
T

→
R

a Hölder continuous potential, and $$\mathcal {A}:\Sigma _T \rightarrow \textrm{GL}_d(\mathbb {R})$$

A
:

Σ
T

→

GL
d

(
R
)

a 1-typical, one-step cocycle. For $$t \in \mathbb {R}$$

t
∈
R

consider the sequences of potentials $$\Phi _t=(\varphi _{t,n})_{n \in \mathbb {N}}$$

Φ
t

=

(

φ

t
,
n

)

n
∈
N

defined by $$\begin{aligned}\varphi _{t,n}(x):=S_n \psi (x) + t\log \Vert \mathcal {A}^n(x)\Vert , \, \forall n \in \mathbb {N}.\end{aligned}$$

φ

t
,
n

(
x
)

:
=

S
n

ψ

(
x
)

+
t
log

‖

A

n

(
x
)

‖

,

∀
n
∈
N
.

Using the family of transfer operators defined in this setting by Park and Piraino, for all $$t<0$$

t
<
0

sufficiently close to 0 we prove the existence of Gibbs-type measures for the superadditive sequences of potentials $$\Phi _t$$

Φ
t

. This extends the results of the well-understood subadditive case where $$t \ge 0$$

t
≥
0

. Prior to this, Gibbs-type measures were only known to exist for $$t<0$$

t
<
0

in the conformal, the reducible, the positive, or the dominated, planar settings, in which case they are Gibbs measures in the classical sense. We further prove that the topological pressure function $$t \mapsto P_{\textrm{top}}(\Phi _t,\sigma )$$

t
↦

P
top

(

Φ
t

,
σ
)

is analytic in an open neighbourhood of 0 and has derivative given by the Lyapunov exponents of these Gibbs-type measures.
Generalised Entropy Accumulation
Authors: Metger Tony , Fawzi Omar , Sutter David , Renner Renato
Published: October 2024

Consider a sequential process in which each step outputs a system $$A_i$$

A
i

and updates a side information register E. We prove that if this process satisfies a natural “non-signalling” condition between past outputs and future side information, the min-entropy of the outputs $$A_1, \dots , A_n$$

A
1

,
⋯
,

A
n

conditioned on the side information E at the end of the process can be bounded from below by a sum of von Neumann entropies associated with the individual steps. This is a generalisation of the entropy accumulation theorem (EAT) (Dupuis et al. in Commun Math Phys 379: 867–913, 2020), which deals with a more restrictive model of side information: there, past side information cannot be updated in subsequent rounds, and newly generated side information has to satisfy a Markov condition. Due to its more general model of side-information, our generalised EAT can be applied more easily and to a broader range of cryptographic protocols. As examples, we give the first multi-round security proof for blind randomness expansion and a simplified analysis of the E91 QKD protocol. The proof of our generalised EAT relies on a new variant of Uhlmann’s theorem and new chain rules for the Rényi divergence and entropy, which might be of independent interest.
Nonlinear Dynamics for the Ising Model
Authors: Caputo Pietro , Sinclair Alistair
Published: October 2024

We introduce and analyze a natural class of nonlinear dynamics for spin systems such as the Ising model. This class of dynamics is based on the framework of mass action kinetics, which models the evolution of systems of entities under pairwise interactions, and captures a number of important nonlinear models from various fields, including chemical reaction networks, Boltzmann’s model of an ideal gas, recombination in population genetics and genetic algorithms. In the context of spin systems, it is a natural generalization of linear dynamics based on Markov chains, such as Glauber dynamics and block dynamics, which are by now well understood. However, the inherent nonlinearity makes the dynamics much harder to analyze, and rigorous quantitative results so far are limited to processes which converge to essentially trivial stationary distributions that are product measures. In this paper we provide the first quantitative convergence analysis for natural nonlinear dynamics in a combinatorial setting where the stationary distribution contains non-trivial correlations, namely spin systems at high temperatures. We prove that nonlinear versions of both the Glauber dynamics and the block dynamics converge to the Gibbs distribution of the Ising model (with given external fields) in times $$O(n\log n)$$

O
(
n
log
n
)

and $$O(\log n)$$

O
(
log
n
)

respectively, where n is the size of the underlying graph (number of spins). Given the lack of general analytical methods for such nonlinear systems, our analysis is unconventional, and combines tools such as information percolation (due in the linear setting to Lubetzky and Sly), a novel coupling of the Ising model with Erdős-Rényi random graphs, and non-traditional branching processes augmented by a “fragmentation” process. Our results extend immediately to any spin system with a finite number of spins and bounded interactions.
Dimension of Planar Non-conformal Attractors with Triangular Derivative Matrices
Authors: Bárány Balázs , Käenmäki Antti
Published: October 2024

We study the dimension of the attractor and quasi-Bernoulli measures of parametrized families of iterated function systems of non-conformal and non-affine maps. We introduce a transversality condition under which, relying on a weak Ledrappier-Young formula, we show that the dimensions equal to the root of the subadditive pressure and the Lyapunov dimension, respectively, for almost every choice of parameters. We also exhibit concrete examples satisfying the transversality condition with respect to the translation parameters.
Spectral Networks and Stability Conditions for Fukaya Categories with Coefficients
Authors: Haiden F. , Katzarkov L. , Simpson C.
Published: October 2024

Given a holomorphic family of Bridgeland stability conditions over a surface, we define a notion of spectral network which is an object in a Fukaya category of the surface with coefficients in a triangulated DG-category. These spectral networks are analogs of special Lagrangian submanifolds, combining a graph with additional algebraic data, and conjecturally correspond to semistable objects of a suitable stability condition on the Fukaya category with coefficients. They are closely related to the spectral networks of Gaiotto–Moore–Neitzke. One novelty of our approach is that we establish a general uniqueness results for spectral network representatives. We also verify the conjecture in the case when the surface is disk with six marked points on the boundary and the coefficients category is the derived category of representations of an $$A_2$$

A
2

quiver. This example is related, via homological mirror symmetry, to the stacky quotient of an elliptic curve by the cyclic group of order six.
Comments on Global Symmetries and Anomalies of 5d SCFTs
Authors: Benetti Genolini Pietro , Tizzano Luigi
Published: October 2024

We study various aspects of global symmetries in five-dimensional superconformal field theories. Whenever a supersymmetry-preserving relevant deformation is available, the infrared gauge theory description might exhibit a finite order mixed ’t Hooft anomaly between a 1-form symmetry and the instantonic symmetry. This anomaly constrains the flavor symmetry group acting faithfully on the SCFT and the consistency of certain RG flows. As an additional example, we consider the instructive case of three-dimensional $$\mathcal {N}=4$$

N
=
4

SQED. Finally, we discuss the compatibility between conformal invariance and the presence of 1-form and 2-group global symmetries.