bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermostability and Photostability of Shrimp Waste Oil Based on Sun Protection Factor Value, Erythema Transmission, Pigmentation Transmission and Free Fatty Acid Content
Authors: Agustiawan Deri , Rahmalia Winda , Alimuddin Andi Hairil , Prayitno Dwi Imam , Sayekti Endah
Published: August 2024

The high production of shrimp is accompanied by an increase in by-products (cephalothorax, carapace, and tail), which are discarded as waste. Therefore, a solution is needed to convert shrimp waste into economic value products like shrimp waste oil (SWO). SWO contains fatty acids and astaxanthin, which have antioxidant activity to scavenge free radicals, so it can prevent skin damage such as wrinkles and dryness. Due to its fatty acids and astaxanthin content, SWO can be applied as a sunscreen. However, heating and irradiation can degrade bioactive compounds that are beneficial for health. Thermostability and photostability tests are needed to determine the best storage conditions for SWO based on sun protector factor (SPF) values, erythema transmission (%Te), pigmentation transmission (%Tp), and free fatty acid (FFA) content. The yield of SWO obtained was 2.569% from 100 grams of dry shrimp waste weight. Analysis by using FTIR showed the presence of astaxanthin content in SWO, while GC-MS showed that the SWO contains up to 32.66% of hexanoic acid. SWO thermostability and photostability tests showed a decrease in SPF values and an increase in %Te and %Tp as heating and irradiation time increased. This is due to the photobleaching effect. There was no significant change in the FFA value, indicating that SWO is quite resistant to heating and irradiation.
Konsentrasi Mikroplastik Pada Makroalga Di Zona Intertidal, Pulau Karimunjawa
Authors: Kurnianto Yulius Deni , Hadisusan Suwarno , Nugroho Andhika Puspito
Published: August 2024

Distribution of microplastics is still difficult to predict then driven these particles could be found in various marine organisms including macroalgae. This study aimed to understand of shape, colors, size and polymer of microplastics especially found in macroalgae. Hydrogen peroxide (30% H2O2) was used as oxidation solvent and Zinc Chloride (ZnCL2) was used as seperation solution. Statistic analysis was performed by Anova to determine comparison of microplastic between morphological. This result suggested that found five shapes of microplastics (fiber, fragment, film, foam and pellet) with 7 colors and transparant. Fiber was type found predominanly (>80%), while black, blue and red were predominant in colors (88,82%). This study, however, exhibited no interaction between morphological feature and location aspect that suggested microplastic contamination was not affected by both aspects. Micropalstic were categorized into three different sizes in range, these were >1000 µm (36%), 500-1000 µm (30%) and 100-500 µm (34%). Allegedly, local source of microplastic originated from net, plastic single used, rope, float and fishing equipment including paint boats. Polymer was identifed including PE, PP, PS and PA (all nylon). Therefore, macroalga have a potential to trap microplastic. Distribusi mikroplastik di perairan sulit diprediksi sehingga partikel tersebut dapat ditemukan pada berbagai organisme laut termasuk makroalga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik mikroplastik berdasarkan jenis, warna, ukuran dan tipe polimer mikroplastik pada makroalga. Metode oxidation menggunakan larutan Hydrogen peroxide 30% (H2O2) dan Zinc Chloride (ZnCL2) sebagai larutan densitas. Uji Anova untuk menentukan perbandingan kontaminasi mikroplastik berdasarkan fitur morfologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat lima jenis kontaminasi mikroplastik (fiber, fragment, film, foam dan pellet) dalam variasi 7 warna dan transparan pada makroalga. Fiber merupakan jenis mikroplastik paling banyak ditemukan dibandingkan jenis lainnya (>80%), sedangkan aspek warna didominasi oleh warna hitam, biru, dan merah (88,82%). Meskipun demikian, tidak terdapat interaksi fitur morfologi dan lokasi dalam menentukan kontaminasi mikroplastik pada makroalga. Terdapat tiga kategori ukuran mikroplastik yaitu >1000 µm (36%), 100-500 µm (34%) dan 500-1000 µm (30%). Sumber mikroplastik lokal diduga berasal dari fragmentasi jaring tambak, sampah plastik, pelampung dan peralatan tangkap ikan termasuk cat kapal. Jenis polimer yang teridentifikasi yaitu PP, PE, PS dan PA (nylon). Dengan demikian, makroalga sebagai agen hayati dalam menjebak mikroplastik di perairan.
Endogenous Morphine: Up-to-Date Review 2011
Authors: Stefano George B. , Ptáček R. , Kuželová H. , Kream R. M.
Published: August 2024

Positive evolutionary pressure has apparently preserved the ability to synthesize chemically authentic morphine, albeit in homeopathic concentrations, throughout animal phyla. Despite the establishment of a progressively rigorous and mechanistically focused historical literature extending from the mid 1970s to the mid 1980s that supported the expression of chemically authentic morphine by animal cellular and organ systems, prejudicial scepticism and early dismissal by scientists and clinicians most often obscured widespread acceptance of the biological importance and medical implications of endogenous morphine. The current critical paper presents and evaluates key recent coordinated studies in endogenous morphine research, highlighting those that have advanced our understanding of the functional roles of cognate alkaloid-selective μ3and μ4opiate receptors. We propose that the expression of endogenous morphine by animal and human cells is designed to mediate homeopathic regulation of metabolic activity via activation of cognate μ3and μ4receptors that serve as transductive conduits for shortcircuit Ca++fluxes. The implications of endogenous morphine coupling to nitric oxide regulation of mitochondrial function, with special reference to the cardiovascular system, are now formulated after many years of neglect.
Novel Flow Cytometric Method for the Detection of Podocalyxin-Positive Elements in Urine of Patients with Glomerulonephritides – First Promising Results
Authors: Habara Peter , Marečková H. , Malíčková K. , Potyšová Z. , Hrušková Z. , Zima T. , Tesař V.
Published: August 2024

Glomerulonephritides together create a heterogenic group of supposedly immunologically mediated diseases of glomeruli. They still belong among the most frequent causes of chronic renal failure. Detection of podocytes in urine might serve as an important marker of glomerulonephritides activity. The aim of this study was to develop a novel flow cytometric method for the detection of podocyte fragments and podocytes in urine and assess its possible use in clinical practice. We placed emphasis on the improvement of pre-analytic phase. To suppress the autofluorescence of the background, blocking solutions and magnetic separation were used. An additional surface marker CD10 (nephrilysin) was used together with routinely used podocalyxin (PCX) in order to achieve better identification of podocytes. Based on the surface marker expression, three different element types were identified in the urine samples: PCX+/CD10+ elements (EL) (supposedly podocytes), PCX-/CD10+ EL (supposedly parietal epithelial cells) and PCX+ EL. We examined a total of 36 patients who underwent renal biopsy (non-glomerular nephropathy, MGN, FSGS, IgAN, AAV and MPGN) and 27 healthy controls. Negative results were found in non-glomerular nephropathy and in MGN. In patients with FSGS and IgAN, the levels of urine elements were slightly increased. The highest levels of all elements were found in AAV and MPGN. Our first results suggest that flow cytometric detection may distinguish between glomerular and nonglomerular diseases and that the levels of urine elements might correlate with the degree of glomerular destruction.
Microsatellite Polymorphism in Haem Oxygenase 1 Gene Promoter in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Zborníková Pavlína , Králík L. , Lelková P. , Kalinčík T. , Havrdová E. , Martásek P.
Published: August 2024

Previous studies suggested that increased activity of haem oxygenase 1 may ameliorate autoimmune neuroinflammation in experimental models of multiple sclerosis. This increased activity is associated with an augmented number of GT repeats (≥ 25) within theHMOX1gene promoter. Here we examined 338 patients with multiple sclerosis to determine the influence of theirHMOX1gene promoter (GT)npolymorphism and other individual characteristics on the course of the disease. The patients were divided into those with “rapid” or “delayed” course, based on reaching expanded disability status scale step 4 within nine years of disease onset, and the correlations between the disease course and the investigated characteristics were sought using logistic regression analysis. No statistically significant effect ofHMOX1gene promoter (GT)npolymorphism on the rate of disability progression was found (P = 0.9). This was confirmed by Cox regression analysis, which did not find any difference in the cumulative risk of reaching expanded disability status scale step 4 between the patients with long and shortHMOX1gene promoter (P = 0.7). In contrast, covariates significantly associated with the faster disability progression were: progressive course of multiple sclerosis, shorter duration of disease-modifying treatment and older age at disease onset (P ≤ 0.04). The observed absence of effect of theHMOX1promoter (GT)npolymorphism could be attributed to its known dualistic role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. As a secondary outcome, we have seen that disease-modifying drugs have the potential to delay disability progression in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Profiling analytic causative construction in Chinese: a multifactorial analysis of diachronic change
Authors: Chen Qiaoyun
Published: August 2024

Taking a multifactorial approach, this article profiles the formal and semantic changes of Chinese analytic causative construction (CACC for short) and its jiao

1
, jiao

2
, ling, rang and shi micro-constructions. It is found that CACC micro-constructions have undergone two types of formal change. Building on a data-driven periodization of diachronic data, this study analyzes semantic changes of CACC and its micro-constructions from semasiological and onomasiological perspectives and at local constituent and global construction levels. Major findings are as follows: six stages are identified in the semantic development of CACC micro-constructions. Semasiologically, diachronic semantic prototypicality of CACC remains constant while that of its micro-constructions changes with time. A general polysemization route is followed by CACC and its micro-constructions, with the superordinate CACC governing the subordinate micro-constructions in semantic change pathway. Onomasiologically, diachronic semantic division of labor among CACC micro-constructions varies over time. For CACC micro-constructions, semantics of local causer, causee and effected predicate tends to change in concert with global constructional semantics at early and late periods of semantic development, whereas local and global semantic changes during the intermediary stages are usually partially coordinated. This study has demonstrated the application of collostructional analysis in investigating diachronic semantic change of a construction.
A delayed diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in a patient with persistent vomiting in the presence of Chiari type 1 malformation
Authors: Rodriguez-Hurtado Diana , Camones-Huerta José , Núñez Mochizaki Claudia
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To present and discuss an uncommon clinical presentation of hyperthyroidism in a female patient with Chiari type 1 malformation. We explore how her medical history influenced the diagnostic process and ultimately contributed to the delayed diagnosis.

Case presentation

In this case study, we discuss an unusual presentation of hyperthyroidism in a 35-year-old female with Chiari type 1 malformation. Initially experiencing headaches, tremors, and dizziness, the patient consulted multiple specialists without a clear diagnosis. Later, she developed recurrent vomiting unrelated to food intake, significant weight loss (12 kg), and muscle weakness, leading to her hospitalization. After six months of clinical evaluation with several specialists (neurologists, neurosurgeons, and gastroenterologists), she was, finally, diagnosed with hyperthyroidism by an Internal Medicine physician in another private clinic. Treatment with thiamazole and propranolol led to the improvement of symptoms progressively. This case emphasizes the vital role of clinical reasoning, crucial problem-solving, and decision-making processes while addressing cognitive biases in medical specialization. Besides, it highlights the need for internist evaluation in outpatient care to ensure comprehensive assessment and prompt specialist referrals if needed.

Conclusions

This case accentuates the importance of internist evaluation for comprehensive care and timely specialist referrals. Recognizing unusual presentations, like thyrotoxic vomiting, and addressing cognitive biases, such as confirmation and anchor biases, are crucial for accurate and prompt diagnosis. This approach enhances diagnostic accuracy, minimizing unnecessary tests and costs, and alleviates patient suffering.
Effect of Zr content on the microstructure, mechanical properties, electrochemical behavior, and biocompatibility of Mg–3Zn–xZr alloy using powder metallurgy
Authors: Yahyazameh Marziyeh , Kavanlouei Majid , Shahbaz Mehrdad , Beygi-Khosrowshahi Younes
Published: August 2024

In this study, Mg–3Zn–xZr (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3) alloy were produced using powder metallurgy incorporating high-energy ball milling. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer and X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been used to investigate the microstructure, chemical composition and phase distribution of the samples. XRD results show that the Mg solid solution wholly formed, and the milled powders were single phase, and no secondary phase was observed. While the secondary phases were formed after sintering. Hardness of Mg–Zn–xZr sample increased from 58.8 Hv (for Zr = 0) to 87.81 Hv with addition of 3 wt.% Zr. The result shows that the corrosion potential of Mg–Zn–Zr alloy was more positive than Mg–3Zn. However, the Mg–3Zn–Zr alloy exhibited higher corrosion current than Mg–3Zn due to galvanic effect of Zr rich area. All of Mg–3Zn–Zr alloys showed better antibacterial and biocompatibility properties than Mg–3Zn alloy due to the presence of Zr as additive. According to the mechanical, corrosion, and biological evaluations in this study, it can be concluded that the Mg–3Zn–1Zr alloy can be used as a suitable biomaterial for the use of orthopedic implants.
Real-world evidence evaluation on consumer experience and prescription journey of diclofenac gel in Sweden
Authors: Nair Deepika , Norrefalk Jan-Rickard , Csoke Emese , Wilcox Teresa K. , Shanga Gilbert
Published: August 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study was to understand profiles of topical Voltaren gel diclofenac (VGD) 2.32 and 1.16% consumers through analyzing prescription patterns and to characterize treatment satisfaction, functional impairment, and pain relief after over-the-counter (OTC) VGD use in Sweden under real-world conditions.

Methods

This observational, real-world study conducted in Sweden had retrospective and prospective segments. The retrospective secondary data segment utilized 12-month diclofenac gel prescription data from the Swedish eHealth Agency (E-hälsomyndigheten). The prospective segment included electronic surveys completed at baseline and weeks 4 and 12 by adult consumers who purchased OTC VGD to treat their pain.

Results

Secondary data analyses (n = 12,145) showed that 56.7% of patients receiving diclofenac gel were females ≥70 years old. Most patients did not switch pain treatments; the mean time between diclofenac gel refills was about 2.5 months. From the surveys (n = 264), VGD provided pain relief, indicated by improvement in 11-point pain numeric rating scale scores. Average pain severity at baseline was 5.8 – improving by a mean of 1.3 and 1.9 points at weeks 4 and 12, respectively. The majority of consumers reported improvement in daily functioning (i.e., health-related quality of life [HRQoL]), and most were at least somewhat satisfied with VGD treatment results.

Conclusions

This real-world study provides important insights into the prescription patterns of diclofenac gel and the consumer experience with OTC VGD in Sweden. Patients rarely switched to other topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and VGD consumers reported pain relief and improved HRQoL compared to baseline – resulting in treatment satisfaction.
637Gegenleistung bei einer dem Erwerb gleichgestellten Vereinbarung im Übernahmerecht (§ 31 WpÜG)
Authors: Mock Sebastian , Mohamed Jean
Published: August 2024

638Höchstrichterliche Entscheidungen zum Übernahmerecht sind selten und nur wenige Rechtsgebiete sind von einem solch starken Missverhältnis zwischen Stellungnahmen im Schrifttum und dem Praxiswirken einerseits sowie der Rechtsprechung andererseits gekennzeichnet. Eine Wende zeigte sich erst in den letzten Jahren mit der Celesio-Entscheidung (II ZR 37/16) und der Postbank II-Entscheidung (II ZR 315/19) des II. Zivilsenats des BGH. Nunmehr hatte der II. Zivilsenat die in der Praxis des Übernahmerechts hochwichtige Frage zu beantworten, ob und unter welchen Umständen eine im Anschluss an ein öffentliches Übernahmeangebot geschlossene Vereinbarung zwischen dem Bieter und einem Paketaktionär über die Höhe der Abfindung zu einem geplanten Beherrschungs- und Gewinnabführungsvertrag (§§ 291 ff AktG) zu einer nachträglichen Erhöhung des Angebotspreises führen kann. Eine solche Preisthematik hat Auswirkungen auf Übernahmestrategien insbesondere von Finanzinvestoren und steht im Zusammenhang mit den seit einiger Zeit zu erkennenden Arbitragestrategien aktivistischer Hedgefonds. Der folgende Beitrag setzt sich mit der Nacherwerbsregel auseinander und geht insbesondere auf den rechtsökonomischen, -vergleichenden und praktischen Hintergrund der mindestpreisrelevanten Nacherwerbe ein, um abschließend die Auswirkungen der Entscheidung des II. Zivilsenats auf die Kapitalmarktpraxis darzustellen.
Das Sein limitiert den Schein – zu Grund und Grenzen der negativen Registerpublizität
Authors: Zwirlein-Forschner Susanne
Published: August 2024

662In dem hier vorgestellten Fall hatte der BGH jüngst Gelegenheit, sich in einer auf Sachverhaltsebene „schillernden“ Konstellation eines Gesamtvermögensgeschäfts zur negativen Publizität des Handelsregisters und deren Grenzen zu äußern. Die Entscheidung fördert zwar keine genuin neuen Aspekte zu Tage, setzt aber Bekanntes in ein erhellendes Gesamtbild entlang eines geradezu fesselnden Prüfungsstrangs: Die Beklagte erwirbt unter merkwürdigen Umständen eine Immobilie und kann sich trotz Kenntnis zumindest von Indizien für diese Merkwürdigkeiten auf die negative Registerpublizität berufen, um dem Erwerb womöglich zur Wirksamkeit zu verhelfen. Doch nein – in einer Peripetie scheint auf, dass der Vertrauensschutz aufgrund des Handelsregisters nicht weitergehen kann als die durch ihn vermittelte hypothetische (Register-)Rechtslage: Der Erwerb durch die suspekte Beklagte scheitert wahrscheinlich doch an einem für sie wohl evidenten Missbrauch der (durch das Register noch vermittelten) Vertretungsmacht bei Abschluss des Kaufvertrags.Im Folgenden sollen zunächst der diesem Drama zu Grunde liegende Sachverhalt und die diesbezüglichen Entscheidungen der Instanzgerichte skizziert werden (I.). Sodann wird der Inhalt der Entscheidung des BGH dargelegt (II.) und in seinem Kontext gewürdigt (III.). Dies erlaubt insbesondere einen Blick auf die Janusköpfigkeit der Publizitätswirkungen zwischen Verfahrensrecht und materiellem Vertrauensschutz, der deren Unterschiede zu allgemeinen Rechtsscheintatbeständen und zugleich deren Grenzen erhellt. Eine kollisionsrechtliche Parallelbetrachtung dieses 663Doppelcharakters der Publizitätswirkungen (IV.) und eine Zusammenfassung in Thesenform (V.) schließen die Untersuchung ab.
Social Needs Screening Via Electronic Tablet in Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Gorecki Michelle C. , Klein Melissa D. , Anyigbo Chidiogo U. , Beck Andrew F. , Henize Adrienne W. , Ehrlich Shelley R. , MacDougall Melinda C. , Burkhardt Mary Carol
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES

(1) Assess whether health-related social needs (HRSN)/caregiver mental health concerns (CMHC) disclosure rates differ when screening questions are administered on paper versus electronic tablet. (2) Evaluate whether changes in need identification alters referral rates to social work and our medical-legal partnership (MLP).

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective review of HRSN/CMHC screening in publicly insured patients 0-18 years presenting for well-child visits in three primary care practices. Our primary outcome was HRSN/CMHC disclosure rate, comparing the proportion of positive HRSN/CMHC screens during the 11 months before and after screening modality change. Generalized estimating equations and interrupted time series (ITS) were used to assess changes over time. Mediation analyses assessed the indirect effect of HRSN/CMHC disclosure during the electronic screening period on changes in referrals to social work/MLP.

RESULTS

A total of 16,151 patients had paper-based HRSN/CMHC screens; 13,019 patients had electronic screens. Overall, 11% of paper-based screens identified ≥1 need, compared to 26% of electronic screens (p<0.001). All three practices saw an increase in disclosure rate after transition from paper to electronic screening (odds ratio [OR] range 1.54 to 4.24). Using ITS, two of three practices had significantly increased odds of need disclosure with electronic screens compared to paper (OR 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5, 3.6; and OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.2, 2.4). Increased HRSN/CMHC disclosure rates from transitioning to electronic screening mediated increased referrals to social work/MLP.

CONCLUSIONS

Electronic screening was associated with an increased HRSN/CMHC disclosure rate compared to paper, which led to increased referrals to social work/MLP.
Opening the Closet
Authors: El Houkayem Maroun
Published: August 2024

The Essay provides space for scholars to present peer-reviewed research in a manner that uses data studies and critical reflection as occasions for advancing currents in the broader academic study of religion. We are pleased to bring you two such pieces in this issue. Maroun El Houkayem looks at the Smith Sisters’ work in cataloging Syriac manuscripts and looking at the West’s view of the Middle East. El Houkayem brings to light the ways in which archives, and those who control and create them, redirect anyone looking for them, to not see the ways in which these works are preserved and why they are preserved, but only that they are saved.
The Learned Society and Scholarly Research
Authors: Sturm Douglas
Published: August 2024

In The Archive, we republish an article that, in hindsight, may have been ahead of its time with its prescience. Our pull for this issue is a 1981 piece from Douglas Strum on learned societies in the United States which are geared around different religious aspects. Strum lays out what the purpose, goals, and research of these different, often disparate, societies are and asks the question, “what should they be?” This was originally published in our predecessor publication, the CSR Bulletin in April 1981 (Volume 12, Number 2).
Studying Religion Critically in Universities and Schools
Authors: Alberts Wanda
Published: August 2024

In this article, Wanda Alberts tries to identify the place of the critical Study of Religion in universities and schools, comparing examples for different recent developments in Germany and Britain. One decisive issue in this respect is the question if the critical Study of Religion as a discipline or as (critical) education about Religion is visible at all and if the differences to other, often much better known (often religious) approaches are acknowledged or played down. The discussed examples (a judgement of the German Federal Constitutional Court on the religious limitation of the academic freedom of professors of theology, the BA report on Theology and Religious Studies Provision in UK Higher Education and the report of the Commission on Religious Education) high light some subtleties of a complex field where important facts and distinctions remain concealed to non-specialists. With respect to RE, the article argues that these dynamics fit the concept of “smalli-indoctrination”. Referring to Katharina Frank’s empirical research on the communication of knowledge about religion (Religionskunde) it spells out the important distinctions that need to be made explicit in order to make the characteristics of a critical (secular) approach better known. “If you don’t know the difference between theology and religious studies, then you are a theologian.” (Brian Bocking)
Gestão pesqueira e Colonialismo: desterritorialização e r-existências na comunidade pesqueira artesanal da Praia do Siqueira/RJ-Brasil
Authors: Reis Naetê Barbosa Lima , Walter Tatiana , Timóteo Geraldo Marcio
Published: August 2024

Resumo A dominação colonial estabelecida a partir do século XV mantém-se como elemento fundante da racionalidade moderna ocidental, atuando de forma tão invisível quanto eficiente na produção de subalternidades. Na dimensão epistemológica, a colonialidade do saber institucionaliza o papel da ciência moderna eurocêntrica na discriminação de conhecimentos entre falsos e verdadeiros. A descolonização como projeto inacabado, associado a modelos de gestão pesqueira autoritários, tem forjado contextos de injustiça ambiental. Dentre estes, destacamos o processo de desterritorialização de comunidades pesqueiras artesanais, reconfiguradas pelo Estado como zonas de sacrifício. Como exemplo fático, analisamos a imposição do período de defeso na Lagoa de Araruama-RJ a partir das narrativas da comunidade pesqueira artesanal da Praia do Siqueira, localizada as suas margens. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa, primou-se pelo uso de metodologias não-extrativistas/participativas. Conclui-se que o calendário imposto intensifica processos de desterritorialização da comunidade, no entanto, apesar da violência, estes espaços são percolados por práticas de r-existência.
Women collegiate sport employees: Organizational elements of workplace and engagement
Authors: Mondt Alicia , Hajek Tyler , Otto Marcella
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the representation of women collegiate sport employees in the United States. Previous job engagement research has not focused exclusively on women in collegiate sport organizations. Utilizing person-organization fit (P-O fit) and perceived organizational success to predict engagement, the relative neglect of identifying antecedents of job engagement for women sport employees was explored. The analysis revealed that American collegiate sport employees’ P-O fit influences job engagement; however, women’s perceived organizational success did not influence their engagement in the workplace. Moreover, the findings uncover how women sport employees’ fit influences their job engagement in the sport workplace. The implications of this study indicate the approach for enhanced organizational performance and capacity of women sport employees.
School Characteristics and Interscholastic Tournament Success
Authors: Harter John
Published: August 2024

Interscholastic sports are part of the educational mission of the schools. However, parents, athletes, and others seem to emphasize winning, causing success (or, at least, the possibility of success) to be the target of state policies to promote competitive balance, following from an egalitarian approach to the theory of distributive justice. For example, most states have divided schools into separate class tournaments based on school enrollment. Many have also attempted to counteract perceived advantages held by private (non-boundary) schools by using multipliers to artificially increase private schools’ enrollment. Some states compensate for poorer schools’ perceived disadvantages by artificially decreasing enrollment for those schools with a high percentage of the student body eligible for the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). To enact effective policies, however, it is helpful to know what school characteristics are linked with winning.
This project is a case study examining high school boys’ basketball in Indiana with a basic research question of what school characteristics influence tournament success. The literature and many current state policies propose that being private, larger, urban, wealthier, and from certain regions of the state might all improve tournament success. Each is examined for its effects on winning a state championship and on a more-expansive measure of success based on how far in the tournament a team progresses using data collected for all entrants in the Indiana boys’ basketball tournament over a 26-year period.
The relative size of the student body seems to be the most consistently important factor in tournament success across classes. Being a private school or being an urban school are only factors in success for the classes of smaller schools. The region of the state is not shown to be significant to success. Of particular note, though there has been an increase in state policies targeting an imbalance caused by economic factors, there has not yet been an empirical finding of a link between these economic factors and success. This study does find limited evidence of such a link as schools with a lower percentage of students eligible for NSLP are more successful in the tournament. These results can help refine the knowledge of what does and does not affect tournament success and can guide policy changes aimed at improving competitive balance.
Стартапы и инновации
Authors: Катькало Валерий , Иванющенкова Марина
Published: August 2024

Настоящий дайджест входит в серию регулярных тематических выпусков Высшей школы бизнеса НИУ ВШЭ "Новое в менеджменте". Он посвящен тенденциям и перспективным направлениям мирового и российского венчурного рынка, корпоративному предпринимательству, стартапам и мерам их поддержки. Издание предназначено для руководителей компаний, предпринимателей, преподавателей вузов и студентов, а также для широкого круга читателей, интересующихся актуальными трендами в сфере инноваций и менеджмента.
Коллективные иски в Европейском союзе: история развития и современное регулирование
Authors: Сутормин Никита Александрович
Published: August 2024

Статья посвящена истории развития и современному состоянию института коллективного иска в праве Европейского союза и охватывает как основные источники его регулирования, действующие в настоящее время, так и связанные с ними подготовительные документы. Анализируя путь, пройденный институтом коллективного иска, автор приходит к выводу, что его положение в общей системе регулирования права ЕС заметно укрепляется, а возможности расширяются за счет включения новых областей регулирования и компенсаторных способов защиты. При этом коллективный иск в ЕС имеет уникальные черты, учитывающие правовые традиции государств-членов. Принятые итоговые документы заслуживают высокой оценки, но при этом все же дают поводы для критики и еще далеки от совершенства. В качестве положительных сторон сложившегося регулирования коллективных исков в ЕС обращает на себя внимание, что принятые Европейской комиссией директивы в целом отвечают европейскому правопорядку и учитывают реальные возможности отдельных государств-членов. В качестве прогрессивных шагов в области общего регулирования коллективных исков в ЕС в сфере защиты прав потребителей отмечается внедрение компенсаторных мер, гибкий механизм выбора формы участия истцов для государств-членов, внедрение информационных технологий оповещения и регистрации истцов. Вместе с тем автор критически оценивает саму модель организационного группового иска, выбранную в ЕС, и замечает, что не решенной по сути осталась проблема параллельных разбирательств. В заключительном разделе статьи на примере ФРГ кратко анализируется имплементация последней директивы ЕС в области представительских исков по потребительским спорам. Делается вывод о том, что подходы, выработанные в ЕС, имеют ценность для России как члена Евразийского экономического союза, поскольку международного регулирования коллективных процедур в рамках ЕАЭС не предусмотрено, а потребность в них, безусловно, есть.
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Authors: Frolov Vladimir
Published: August 2024

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Mpox 1b: Upstanders for Science in Western and Chinese Social Media
Authors: Álvarez-Guerrero Garazi , Guo Mengna , Bordanoba-Gallego Lidia , Torras-Gómez Elisabeth , Lopez de Aguileta Garazi , Joanpere Mar , Pulido Cristina , López de Aguileta Ane , Racionero-Plaza Sandra , Puigvert Lidia , Soler-Gallart Marta , Flecha Ramon
Published: August 2024

At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientific literature published research about the presence of hoaxes and evidence in diverse social media, with a huge scientific and social impact. The main results showed that while in Western social media like X there was more false information and less scientific evidence than in the Chinese platform Weibo, but scientific evidence was more retweeted than hoaxes. This research allowed the identification of social activists for science in the social media, who multiplied their impact when scientists provided them with evidence. Third, thanks to the very intense and dialogic work of a diversity of researchers. Mpox clade 1b outbreak, which has now been declared a global public health emergency by WHO, requires a fast reaction from science, already taking place. This article analyzes information disseminated in X and Weibo about mpox. 3089 messages published between 12 and 16 of August 2024 have been analyzed. The results show that while hoaxes around mpox are prevalent in social media, posts containing scientific evidence do receive more interaction. Such findings contribute to the understanding of the health crisis and underscore the need for health authorities to join efforts with citizens to co-create evidence-based communication strategies.
CURIA OF ANTIOCH IN THE LATE IV CENTURY AD ACCORDING TO THE SPEECHES OF LIBANIUS (OR. XLVIII END OR. XLIX)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Pukhovets Dmytro
Published: August 2024

Two speeches by a famous orator of the IV century Libanius «To the Antioch Senate» and «To the Emperor on the Curia» describe the internal situation in the curia of Antioch, the causes and circumstances of the crisis of this institution. The purpose of the article is to analyze the processes that took place in the curia of Antioch in the late IV century AD based on these two speeches. Orator identifies two main problems of the city council: reducing the number of its members and their impoverishment. Moreover, Libanius blames this not on the state, but on the curials themselves. On the contrary, the speaker praises the empire in the person of Theodosius I and his predecessors for trying to help the curia and preserve the condition of the curials. The real culprits of the crisis of the curia, according to the speaker, are the decurions themselves. The wealthiest of them were often foreign to polis patriotism. They were easily prepared to leave their cities to take high official positions, where they received immunity from the performance of curial duties. Wealthy curials, which remained in the city councils and formed a narrow stratum of principals, arouse no more sympathy by Libanius. They use the curia for their own ends, distributing liturgies and impoverishing the poor curials, and then buying up their lands. Also principals do not fight the fugitives from the curia, explaining it by fear of them and the futility of this struggle. In fact, they simply put their interests above the interests of the curia, wanting to gain influential patrons and retain their power in the city. Libanius in his speeches shows the process of escape from the curia of the usual average decurions. Some of them became middle-class officials, some military, some were forced to sell their lands and become clients of the powerful men. Many curials try to send their sons to study in other cities, with the dream that they would make a career as bureaucrats and get out of the curial class. In general, it can be concluded from Libanius’ speeches that most curials did not regard their stay in the curia as a high honor, as an opportunity to develop Antioch and support urban self-government. For them, membership in the curia was a heavy duty, which they tried to get rid of whenever possible.
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES OF SUMY REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF ACTIVITIES OF THE SECTORAL ASSOCIATIONS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE OF THE LATE NINETEENTH – EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY
Authors:   National Scientific Agricultural Library of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Demuz Inna
Published: August 2024

The article reviews the activities of regional agricultural societies that operated in the Sumy region in the late 19th – early 20th century. It is established that in Sumy county of Kharkiv province in the mentioned period there were: Sumy, Upper Syrovatsk, Iskryskovshchynsk, Lower Syrovatsk and Pidlisnivsk agricultural societies. Among the credit and consumer societies of the region are known: Bilopolsk, Large-Chernetchynsk, Upper Syrovatsk, Stepanivsk, Sumy, Rechansk credit societies, Sumy and Yastrebenetsk consumer societies. It was found that the sectoral associations of farmers and commodity producers of the region performed important functions for the development of rural cooperation, dissemination of advanced agro-economic knowledge, increasing the efficiency of agricultural production. Along with social and educational tasks, which were to promote in the peasantry through numerous activities (including publishing) innovative knowledge and best practices, agricultural societies implemented commercial tasks: the elimination of trade intermediation in the acquisition of items needed for agriculture; elimination of trade mediation in relations between farmers and consumers of agricultural products by organizing direct sales in the markets; processing of the agricultural products by arranging places for slaughter of cattle, mills, bakeries, distilleries, cellars for wine storage, warehouses for drying tobacco, hops, barley; mitigation of fluctuations in prices for agricultural products by arranging general warehouses (agricultural shops) with food stocks; organization of food loans for members by opening their own cooperative banks and cash desks; assisting members in insuring their farms against accidents by arranging mutual insurance or agreements with insurance companies on preferential insurance terms; collective protection of the crops from destructive natural disasters or pests; assisting members in their economic activities by purchasing agricultural implements, machines, setting up laboratories for product analysis, research fields, etc., for a fee.
Development Status and Outlook of Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine
Authors:   North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Liu Mengfei
Published: August 2024

Hydrogen energy is one of the best energy carriers for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality, with the characteristics of high energy and no pollution. The hydrogen internal combustion engine is one of the important forms of hydrogen energy utilization, with the significant advantages of high efficiency, high reliability, low cost and low emissions. In this paper, the characteristics of hydrogen internal combustion engines and hydrogen fuel cells were compared, and the industrialization prospects of hydrogen energy utilization in the future were analyzed. Focusing on the hydrogen internal combustion engine technology system, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the technical issues and technical progress in hydrogen storage, combustion, NOx emissions, etc. of hydrogen internal combustion engines.
Emotional and Meaningful Approach to the Group Work: Informal Interaction among Young People with ASD in the “Club” Project
Authors: Kostin I.A.
Published: August 2024

Objectives. The long-term group work with adolescents and adults with ASD, which is presented in the article, aims to organize free, informal interaction between them in a specially organized environment. The relevance of such work within the framework of the Club project is related to the difficulties of adaptation and interaction remaining to vary ing degrees in people with ASD, their passivity in communication; the novelty is due to its duration and duration of tracking the catamneses of the group members (more than 20 years).

Methods. Over the years, 22 people with ASD, whose age is currently from 16 to 38 years old, have become partici pants in the project. Weekly meetings are held on the basis of various types of activities, among which the most im portant place is occupied by a joint conversation, exchange of news and impressions among participants. An adapted environment is described: predictable, safe, friendly, in which it is possible to stimulate free spontaneous interaction of young people with ASD with their peers. Tracking the dynamics of participants is carried out through observation, conversations with themselves and with family members, as well as through the analysis of working videos from dif ferent years. The functions of the specialists leading the meetings are listed: moderation of the conversation, monitor ing the implementation of the rules and the condition of each participant, stimulating interest and emotional involve ment in communication. The specifics of the work of the specialists are related to the need for coordinated actions, a dosed appeal to their own experiences and experiences in the process of informal communication.

Results. The positive dynamics in the interaction of the members of the “Club” project with each other, in the development of their social skills, is described. The remaining passivity in communication and the weakness of spontaneous interaction between group members is also noted.

Conclusions: It is said about the possibility of psychological development of a person with ASD in favorable conditions during adult age periods; but if the work on organizing informal communication had been started at primary school age, then its developmental potential would have been significantly higher.
Health Disparities in Hospital Readmissions in Rural vs Urban Populations in the United States: A Comprehensive Review of Factors and Reduction Strategies
Authors: Echere Jovita , Okobi Okelue , Iyun Oluwatosin , Gyampoh Gideon , Gill Satkarjeet
Published: August 2024

Background: Health disparities between rural and urban populations in the United States significantly impact health outcomes, access to medical services, and overall care quality. These disparities are influenced by factors such as socioeconomic status, geographic isolation, availability of healthcare providers, and the prevalence of chronic health conditions. Hospital readmission rates serve as critical indicators of care quality and post-discharge management effectiveness. High readmission rates often highlight issues in patient care management, discharge planning, and follow-up care efficacy, necessitating targeted interventions to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Rural areas face unique challenges in addressing these issues due to limited resources and access barriers. Method: A comprehensive approach was employed to investigate health disparities between rural and urban populations in the United States, focusing on strategies to mitigate hospital readmission rates in rural areas. The literature review involved searching electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, with keywords like "rural health disparities," "urban-rural differences," "hospital readmission," and "healthcare interventions." Articles were selected based on their relevance to hospital readmissions and interventions targeting rural populations. Data extraction encompassed study characteristics, participant demographics, outcomes related to hospital readmissions, and intervention details such as telehealth and care coordination programs. National data from guides and reports were also included to capture broader trends and efforts at reducing readmissions. Results: The review revealed significant disparities in hospital readmission rates between rural and urban populations in the United States. Rural areas exhibited higher readmission rates due to limited healthcare access, higher prevalence of chronic conditions, and socioeconomic challenges. Strategies such as enhanced telehealth services, improved primary care access, and care coordination programs demonstrated potential in mitigating these disparities. Conclusion: Addressing health disparities between rural and urban populations requires a multifaceted approach. Effective strategies include expanding telehealth services, improving care coordination, and strengthening community-based healthcare resources. Policymakers should focus on addressing socioeconomic disparities and ensuring equitable distribution of funding and resources. Continuous evaluation of healthcare policies can provide insights into improving outcomes for rural populations. Future research should standardize methodologies, foster interdisciplinary collaborations, and incorporate qualitative insights to inform effective, equitable healthcare interventions and policies.
Development of a New Individual Interest Questionnaire in Physical Education
Authors: Zhang Minting , Shen Bo , Bo Jin
Published: August 2024

Recognizing the close interconnection between implicit-affective control and cognitive-rational aspects of individual interest, we designed this study to develop a new instrument - the Individual Interest Questionnaire in Physical Education (IIQ-PE). In study 1 (N=132), an exploratory factor analysis supported a model consisting of a single unified factor. In study 2 (N=117), Confirmatory Factor Analyses corroborated the construct validity of the IIQ-PE. Also, when examining multi-group invariance across the two study samples, no significant differences were found, suggesting that this factor structure held consistently. In study 3 (N=121), a path model further demonstrated that the individual interest significantly predicted learning strategies, the levels of attention, and self-confidence. The strong psychometric properties and the instrument's brevity together make the IIQ-PE a robust tool for evaluating students' individual interest in physical education.
ALL-OPTICAL LOGIC GATE OPERATION WITH A MULTI-CORE NONLINEAR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER
Authors: Dang Quang Huy Nguyen , Phuong Yen Tran , Duc Tho Do , Xuan Thang Cao , Duc Tinh Bui , Ky Vi Tran , Longobucco Mattia , Thi Dung Nguyen , Thi Hai Tran , Viet Hung Nguyen
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we propose the design of a photonic crystal fiber with four central cores infiltrated by a high-index liquid to achieve highly efficient control of light guidance. We analyze the field distribution, effective mode area, and dispersion characteristics of the fundamental guided modes of the fiber. Within the coupled-mode theory, the pulse propagation in the fiber is governed by coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. We use the split-step Fourier method to simulate the propagation of pulses numerically. The results show three features of the dynamics: oscillation, switching, and self-trapping. We predict that the fiber could operate as a logic-gate device by introducing suitable input and control signals.