bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Following a New York Case: The Impact of Vaccination Exemptions for School Aged Children on Biosecurity
Authors: Goegel Kathleen
Published: September 2021

The anti-vaccination trend is growing in the United States and with this trend comes risk. Although there are a limited number of people who cannot receive vaccinations for medical reasons, many people who choose not to vaccinate their children use a vaccination exemption to ensure their child(ren) are able to attend school. I will be focusing on the risk associated with school-aged children who are not vaccinated. This risk is primarily focused on public health and biosecurity, which deals specifically with the national health issues and possible bioterrorism threats originating in schools. This risk is only enhanced by the fact that exemptions differ from state to state, and states have broad exemptions. In my analysis of the anti-vaccination trend with school-age children and the risk associated with it, I will be looking at the case of M.A. et al v. Rockland County Health Department out of the Southern District Court of New York and connecting the facts of that case to the countrywide risk.

M.A. et al. v. Rockland Cty. Dep’t of Health, No. 7:19-cv-02066 (S.D.N.Y Mar. 06, 2019).

My analysis will begin by looking at the specifics of that case and the constitutional implications that came along with it. I will then use that case and the outbreak in Rockland County to present the possible biosecurity and public health implications that come with children not being vaccinated. Finally, I will present my recommendation on vaccination exemptions as it pertains to limiting these implications in the future.
The congruence subgroup problem for finitely generated nilpotent groups
Authors: Ben-Ezra David El-Chai , Lubotzky Alexander
Published: September 2021

The congruence subgroup problem for a finitely generated group Γ and for

G
≤

Aut
⁢

(
Γ
)

G\leq\mathrm{Aut}(\Gamma)

asks whether the map

G
^

→

Aut
⁢

(

Γ
^

)

\hat{G}\to\mathrm{Aut}(\hat{\Gamma})

is injective, or more generally, what its kernel

C
⁢

(
G
,
Γ
)

C(G,\Gamma)

is.
Here

X
^

\hat{X}

denotes the profinite completion of 𝑋.
In the case

G
=

Aut
⁢

(
Γ
)

G=\mathrm{Aut}(\Gamma)

, we write

C
⁢

(
Γ
)

=

C
⁢

(

Aut
⁢

(
Γ
)

,
Γ
)

C(\Gamma)=C(\mathrm{Aut}(\Gamma),\Gamma)

.
Let Γ be a finitely generated group,

Γ
¯

=

Γ
/

[
Γ
,
Γ
]

\bar{\Gamma}=\Gamma/[\Gamma,\Gamma]

, and

Γ
*

=

Γ
¯

/
tor

⁢

(

Γ
¯

)

≅

Z

(
d
)

\Gamma^{*}=\bar{\Gamma}/\mathrm{tor}(\bar{\Gamma})\cong\mathbb{Z}^{(d)}

.
Define

Aut
*

⁢

(
Γ
)

=

Im
⁡

(

Aut
⁢

(
Γ
)

→

Aut
⁢

(

Γ
*

)

)

≤

GL
d

⁢

(
Z
)

.

\mathrm{Aut}^{*}(\Gamma)=\operatorname{Im}(\mathrm{Aut}(\Gamma)\to\mathrm{Aut}(\Gamma^{*}))\leq\mathrm{GL}_{d}(\mathbb{Z}).

In this paper we show that, when Γ is nilpotent, there is a canonical isomorphism

C
⁢

(
Γ
)

≃

C
⁢

(

Aut
*

⁢

(
Γ
)

,

Γ
*

)

.

C(\Gamma)\simeq C(\mathrm{Aut}^{*}(\Gamma),\Gamma^{*}).

In other words,

C
⁢

(
Γ
)

C(\Gamma)

is completely determined by the solution to the classical congruence subgroup problem for the arithmetic group

Aut
*

⁢

(
Γ
)

\mathrm{Aut}^{*}(\Gamma)

.
In particular, in the case where

Γ
=

Ψ

n
,
c

\Gamma=\Psi_{n,c}

is a finitely generated free nilpotent group of class 𝑐 on 𝑛 elements, we get that

C
⁢

(

Ψ

n
,
c

)

=

C
⁢

(

Z

(
n
)

)

=

{
e
}

C(\Psi_{n,c})=C(\mathbb{Z}^{(n)})=\{e\}

whenever

n
≥
3

n\geq 3

, and

C
⁢

(

Ψ

2
,
c

)

=

C
⁢

(

Z

(
2
)

)

=

F
^

ω

C(\Psi_{2,c})=C(\mathbb{Z}^{(2)})=\hat{F}_{\omega}

is the free profinite group on countable number of generators.
Myxedema crisis and ovarian hyperstimulation in a child with Down syndrome
Authors: Abraham Maria Susan , Sampathkumar Geethalakshmi , Narayanan Rajeshwari , Jagannathan Prahada
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Myxedema crisis, a fatal complication of severe hypothyroidism, is extremely rare in children and treatment guidelines are lacking. Since availability of intravenous levothyroxine is limited in resource poor settings, myxedema crisis can be treated with oral levothyroxine and/or oral liothyronine (if necessary), in the absence of cardiac risk factors, thus hastening the recovery and significantly decreasing the associated morbidity and mortality. In the background of untreated hypothyroidism, a possible association of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and reactive pituitary hyperplasia should be kept in mind, thus preventing unnecessary interventions.

Case presentation

A 13-year-old girl child with Down syndrome, presented with myxedema crisis, as initial presentation of untreated hypothyroidism.

Conclusions

Annual screening, timely diagnosis of hypothyroidism, and early initiation of thyroid hormone supplementation will prevent associated physical and neurocognitive morbidity in children, especially those with Down syndrome. Importance of oral liothyronine supplementation in myxedema crisis, has been highlighted in this case report.
Territoriality and Settlement in Southern France in the Early Neolithic: Diversity as a Strategy?
Authors: Manen Claire , Perrin Thomas , Bouby Laurent , Bréhard Stéphanie , Defranould Elsa , Rigaud Solange , Philibert Sylvie
Published: September 2021

In the western Mediterranean, the question of the settlement patterns of the first farming communities remains a much debated issue. Frequently compared with the LBK model, based on hundreds of well-documented villages, the settlement organization of the Impressed Ware complex is still poorly characterized and highly diversified. New data obtained in Southern France (Languedoc) may shed light on this matter, based on new excavations, revised data, and a multi-proxy perspective (site type, domestic area, food supply strategies, activities, spheres of acquisition of raw material, and so forth). Rather than reproducing a pattern of site locations and settlement structuring, it seems that these Early Neolithic groups sought to optimize the location and structuring of their settlements in relation to the specific characteristics of the surrounding environment and available resources. We therefore propose that the diversity observed in the settlement organization of these first farming communities is a reflection of a social organization well-adapted to the diversity of the ecosystem.
Corona, Bankeinlagen und Verwahrentgelte
Authors: Reichel Richard
Published: September 2021

Die Corona-Pandemie hat das Konsum- und Sparverhalten der Deutschen schockartig verändert. Lockdowns und die allgemeine Unsicherheit über den Fortgang der Pandemie haben zu einem starken Anstieg des Vorsorgesparens geführt. Große Teile des zusätzlichen Sparaufkommens sind auf Giro- und Geldmarktkonten angelegt und unterliegen damit den immer häufiger anzutreffenden Negativzinsen auf Bankeinlagen. Die deutschen Kreditgenossenschaften sind als traditionell passivlastige Institute von diesen Entwicklungen besonders betroffen.
Genossenschaften in Zeiten von Krisen - Die Sichtweise von GenossenschaftexpertInnen und - mitgliedern auf die Corona-Krise
Authors: Balk Anselm , Schaffhauser-Linzatti Michaela
Published: September 2021

Die Covid-19 Krise betrifft nicht nur gesundheitliche Einrichtungen, sondern durch die von den Regierungen getroffenen Maßnahmen auch im starken Ausmaß die Wirtschaft und damit Genossenschaften. Die vorliegende Studie erhebt in einem zweistufigen, jeweils in sich abgeschlossenen Verfahren, wie Genossenschaften in der Krise agieren und welche Profilierungschancen für sie gesehen werden. Zunächst werden im Rahmen einer DelphiStudie Expertinnen aus Forschung, öffentlicher Verwaltung und Praxis um detaillierte Aussagen gebeten, deren Ergebnisse die Grundlage für die darauffolgende Mitgliederbefragung bilden. Die Synthese beider Auswertungen zeigt, dass Genossenschaften eine hohe Krisenresilienz zugesprochen wird und ihre künftigen Stärken in einem stärkeren Forcieren der genossenschaftlichen Solidarität sowie Regionalität liegen. Angemahnt werden vermehrte Präsenz, bessere Kommunikation nach innen und außen, Prozessumgestaltungen durch Digitalisierung und eine vermehrte Mitsprachemöglichkeit unter Beibehaltung der persönlichen Kommunikation. Die Gesamtschau der Ergebnisse weist auf die Notwendigkeit einer verstärkten Berücksichtigung jüngerer Mitglieder hin.
Cd additive effect on self-flux growth of Cs-intercalated NbS2 superconducting single crystals
Authors: Nagao Masanori , Miura Akira , Maruyama Yuki , Watauchi Satoshi , Takano Yoshihiko , Tanaka Isao
Published: September 2021

Single crystals of Cs-intercalated NbS2 (Cs
x
NbS2) were synthesized using a CsCl/KCl self-flux. The size and Cs content of Cs
x
NbS2 single crystals increased upon adding Cd metal into the starting materials. When 10–30 at% of Cd per Nb was provided in the starting materials, plate-like Cs
x
NbS2 (x ∼ 0.3) single crystals with 1–2 mm in size and 10–100 μm in thickness were obtained. The superconducting transition temperature of these Cs
x
NbS2 single crystals was 1.65 K.
Synthesis, crystal structure and selected properties of K2[Ni(dien)2]{[Ni(dien)]2Ta6O19}·11 H2O
Authors: Krause Dana-Céline , Mangelsen Sebastian , Näther Christian , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: September 2021

The new compound K2[Ni(dien)2]{[Ni(dien)]2Ta6O19}·11 H2O crystallized at room temperature applying a diffusion based reaction in a H2O/DMSO mixture using K8{Ta6O19}·16 H2O, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O and dien (diethylenetriamine). In the crystal structure, the Lindqvist-type anion [Ta6O19]8– is structurally expanded by two octahedrally Ni2+-centered complexes via three Ni–µ
2-O–Ta bonds thus generating the new {[Ni(dien)]2Ta6O19}4– anion. Two KO8 polyhedra share a common edge to form a K2O14 moiety, which connects the {[Ni(dien)]2Ta6O19}4– cluster shells into chains. The isolated [Ni(dien)2]2+ complexes are located in voids generated by the structural arrangement of the chains. An extended hydrogen bonding network between the different constituents generates a 3D network. The crystal water molecules can be thermally removed to form a highly crystalline dehydrated compound. Partial water uptake leads to the formation of a crystalline intermediate with a reduced unit cell volume compared to the fully hydrated sample. Water sorption experiments demonstrate that the fully dehydrated sample can be fully reconverted to the hydrated compound. The crystal field splitting parameters for the octahedrally coordinated Ni2+-centered complexes have been evaluated from an UV/Vis spectrum yielding D
q = 1056 cm−1 and B = 887 cm−1.
A magyar háztartások portfólió választási preferenciái az időskorban
Authors: Tóth-Pajor Ákos
Published: September 2021

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA

A tanulmány célja a magyar háztartások portfólióválasztási szokásainak vizsgálata a nyugdíjkorhatárt elérő 65-80 éves korosztályban. Arra a kutatási kérdésre kerestem a választ, hogy a vizsgált korosztályba tartozó válaszadók milyen preferenciák szerint választják ki a számukra megfelelő portfóliót, hiszen a portfólió választás életciklus elmélete a nyugdíjkorhatárt elérő korosztály tekintetében nem vezet egyértelmű következtetésre.

ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN

A portfólióválasztás életciklus elméletéből következő, empirikusan is jól tesztelhető kutatási kérdés megválaszolása érdekében egy ordinális logisztikus regressziós modell segítségével vizsgáltam meg a portfólió választási szokásokat az életciklus különböző szakaszaiban az iskolai végzettség és a kockázati magatartás függvényében.

A KUTATÁS LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEI, ÚJDONSÁGOK

Megállapítottam, hogy az iskolai végzettség és a kockázati magatartás hatásait kiszűrve a 65-80 éves korosztályba tartozók szignifikánsan nagyobb valószínűséggel választanak kevésbé kockázatos portfóliókat a fiatalabbakhoz képest. Ezen felül megmutattam, hogy a részvényeket nem tartalmazó portfóliókat választók körében a 65-80 éves korosztály aránya szignifikánsan magasabb.

GYAKORLATI JAVASLATOK

A tanulmányban bemutatott eredmények iránymutatásként szolgálnak a magyar háztartások nyugdíjkorhatárt követő életszakaszban megfigyelhető portfólióválasztási szokásainak vonatkozásában, ezzel kiegészítve a portfólió választás életciklus elméletének következtetéseit.

Köszönetnyilvánítás: A tanulmány az „EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00004. Átfogó fejlesztések a Pécsi Tudományegyetemen az intelligens szakosodás megvalósítása érdekében (Időskori döntéshozatal projektelem, 11. téma)” című pályázat támogatásával készült.
Sound Absorption Characteristics of Composite Panel Made from Coconut Coir and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fibre with Polyester
Authors: Rusli M. , Nanda R.S. , Dahlan H. , Bur M. , Okuma M.
Published: September 2021

The development of pure natural fibres as sound absorptive material remains overlooked due to their lack of mechanical and moist properties, low durability, and vulnerability to be damaged by the environment. Certain fibre treatments are needed to improve such disadvantages. This paper investigates sound absorption characteristics of coconut fibre (coir) and oil palm fibre made from empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fibre bonded by polyester that can protect them from the ambient environment in order to increase their durability. Two types of fibre-polyester composites have been tested. The first is the fibre-polyester composite (FPC) type, which is totally coated with polyester as the composite matrix. Another type is the fibre-polyester bonded composite (FPBC), in which the polyester is brushed into slice by a slice of the fibre layer in order to coat and bond the fibre, although porous among the fibre remains possible. A two-channel impedance tube is used in the measurement within 200 Hz to 3000 Hz of the frequency range. It is found that FPBC type panel has almost similar sound absorption characteristics to its purely natural fibre as it is able to maintain the panel porosity. The coconut coir fibre panel and its composite have a maximum absorption coefficient of almost 100% within the frequency range 1500-2000 Hz, considerably better than the OPEFB fibre, with only about 80% of the absorption coefficient. If the FPC layer exists, the sound absorption is reduced, and the frequency peaks are also shifted. Additions of the FPC panel layer thickness produced lower sound absorptions and shifted the peaks to the lower frequency range. The FPBC panel type is viable to protect the fibre from the environment without changing its sound absorption characteristics.
THE PROBLEMS OF LEGAL NATURE OF RECOMMENDED CLARIFICATIONS OF ANTIMONOPOLY COMMITTEE OF UKRAINE
Authors:   National University “Odesa Law Academy”, Odesa, Ukraine, Podtserkovnyi O.P. , Ziatina D.V. ,   National University “Odesa Law Academy”, Odesa, Ukraine, Khamkhodera O.P. ,   National University “Odesa Law Academy”, Odesa, Ukraine
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the scientific analysis of legal nature of recommendation clarifications of Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine. The detailed attention is paid to the thorough investigation of provisions of Recommended Clarifications of Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine No. 39-pp August 08th, 2016 that defines the legal approaches of Anti monopoly Committee, which are recommended to apply by its official bodies while defining of fines for violation of legislation on protection of economic competition, including protection from unfair competition, in order to ensure the legal certainty and predictability of application of legal provisions. On the basis of scientific research, the conclusion is made that recommended clarifications of Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine by their legal nature are the acts of common regulative force that are not the legislative acts, they also cannot create new legal provisions, they belong to the so called “soft law” by means of which the uniformity of interpretation and uniform rules for realization of legal provisions are ensured. The importance of recommendation as interpretation of legal provisions is highlighted, their place in the regulation of legal relations is defined. The main purpose of recommendations is to form the legal opinion of state authority abot the content and the order of execution of legal provisions. The authors make a conclusion that withdrawal of Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine from its own legal position as to the practice of fine calculation, that is prescribed in recommended clarifications, provides the possibility to talk about the violation of one of the major principle of law — the principle of legal certainty. The proper realization of discretional competence is based on the compliance with the requirements of legality and adequacy of law enforcement decisions of empowered officials. With the purpose of improvement of current legislation, it is proposed to approve the Methodology for calculating the amount of fines by the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine for violation of the legislation on protection of economic competition. The adoption of such Methodological guidance for calculation of fines will increase the efficiency of national regulative provisions and goes completely in line with the provisions of Association Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine.
DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL REGULATION OF USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE
Authors:   State Organization “V. Mamutov Institute of Economic and Legal Research of NAS of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Riabtsova А.H.
Published: September 2021

The formation and development of legal regulation of the use of natural resources in economic activity is analyzed. It is established that certain aspects of the legal regulation of the use of some natural resources can be found in Ruska Pravda, which was carried out mainly for tax purposes. The development of legislation on the use of natural resources in the Middle Ages and during the stay of Ukraine as part of the Russian Empire is analyzed. It is established that the use of natural resources on Ukrainian lands during their stay in the Polish-Lithuanian principality was regulated mainly by customary law. Agrarian reform was carried out as a result of the adoption of the act “Ustav na Voloky” (1557). In addition, in 1567 the Forest Charter was adopted, which was one of the first acts in Europe in the field of forest protection and use. It is substantiated that until the twentieth century there was a rather fragmentary regulation of the protection and preservation of natural resources, mainly with a view to protecting the ownership of certain natural objects, especially land. The regulation of the use of natural resources in economic activity in the Soviet period and after the declaration of independence is studied. Among the first acts adopted after the revolution was the “Decree on Land” of November 8, 1917, according to which the land became state property. However, only since the 60 of the last century special laws have been adopted aimed at legal protection of nature. Normative-legal acts of independent Ukraine from the standpoint of regulating the use of natural resources in eco- no mic activity are systematized into three groups: normative acts regulating economic activity in general and certain aspects of natural resources protection; regulations that mainly regulate the protection of natural resources in general and estab lish certain principles of their use in economic activities; regulations governing the protection and use of certain types of natural resources, including in economic activities. In addition, the periodization of the historical development of legislative regulation of the use of natural resources in economic activity is suggested.
THE PRIORITIES OF RECONSTRUCTION OF URBAN SERVICE SUBBRANCHES OF LIFE ACTIVITY IN DONBAS: SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS
Authors:   State Organization “V. Mamutov Institute of Economic and Legal Research of NAS of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tarasevych О.V. , Hradoboyeva Ye.S. ,   State Organization “V. Mamutov Institute of Economic and Legal Research of NAS of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes the state of the main city service subsectors of the sphere of life — heat-, water supply and sewerage systems of the cities affected by the armed conflict in Donbas. Also, the most acute problems of heat-, water supply and sewerage systems of the cities in Donbas which suffer from their ecological condition, quality of public utilities and economic conditions of the relevant municipal enterprises, and therefore need to be addressed restoration are systematized and generalized. Particular attention is paid to assessing the consequences of environmental threats associated with the operation of urban service subsectors in the cities of Donbas, affected by the conflict, as well as analysis of the financial, economic and technical condition of the largest enterprises of water supply and sewerage and heat utilities in post-conflict areas, the dynamics of annual deterioration of the main relevant indicators are estimated. This allows to substantiate the priorities of restoration and ensuring the reliable functioning of urban service subsectors in Donbas, including consideration of the possibility of giving priority to financing projects related to the diversification of urban water supply sources, renewal of production infrastructure, reconstruction of heating facilities with the installation of modern energy-efficient equipment, etc., expanding sources of funding for relevant measures, simplifying the conditions for receiving state aid by urban enterprises in Donetsk and Luhansk regions affected by the armed conflict, through the introduction of state programs to support and develop this functional type of territory. The developed proposals for taking priority measures aimed at restoring and ensuring the reliable operation of heat-, water supply and sewerage systems of cities in the post-conflict areas of Donbas will allow each of the stakeholders (public authorities and local governments, municipal enterprises of relevant urban sub-sectors) social (improving public utilities for all categories of consumers in the region), environmental (ensuring environmental safety and improving the environmental condition of both Donbas cities affected by the conflict and neighbouring cities and regions) and economic effects (increasing efficiency by reducing costs and losses of energy and resources in the production and transportation of relevant services and, therefore, growth of investment attractiveness of both city-serving subsectors and the sphere of life in general).
СОЦІАЛІЗАЦІЯ В СУСПІЛЬНИХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯХ ДОВГОСТРОКОВОГО ХАРАКТЕРУ
Authors: ГЕЄЦЬ Валерій
Published: September 2021

Розглянуто передумови і характер "нової нормальності" в розвитку сучасного суспільства, основними особливостями якого є швидкоплинність змін і розширення конфліктності, що невпинно демонтує бар'єри до так званого "творчого безладу". Як результат хаотизується суспільне життя з поки що незрозумілим інституційним світом, де невизначеність і непередбачуваність, з одного боку, вже не можуть обмежуватися рішеннями урядів національних держав, а з іншого –– сукупність ознак такої нормальності, інтеріоризуючись, формує невдоволеність і протестність населення. Сукупність нинішніх змін і суспільних трансформацій має характерні ознаки кругообігу з особливим привнесенням у нього і нового змісту. Разом з тим у наявності й збіг з рядом ознак "темних століть" середньовіччя. Вихід з них був пов'язаний як із соціалізацією технологічного передання культурної спадщини в процесі засвоєння нагромаджених знань, так і з використанням культурного капіталу минулого. Усе це породжувало через екстеріоризаційну діяльність особистості інституційну обумовленість для самореалізації при становленні капіталістичного світу. Можливість такої самореалізації лягла в основу діалектики формування і розвитку соціального світу капіталізму. Тим самим соціалізація як процес засвоєння людиною суспільних способів життєдіяльності та культури забезпечила тоді й може забезпечити сьогодні суспільну трансформацію довгострокового характеру щодо руху від нинішнього домінантного значення космополітичної універсалізації ліберально організованого ринку, який породив сучасну кризовість у суспільстві та економіці, до еволюційно-інституційного розвитку у сфері економіки і суспільних трансформацій, завдяки якому відбувалися вихід з кризового стану і подолання викликів сучасності. В основу такої трансформації покладено механізм трансформації соціальної реальності на основі соціалізації на шляху до нової соціальної якості як ресурсу розвитку.
РОЗБУДОВА ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОЇ ІНДУСТРІЇ В ПОЛЬЩІ В КОНТЕКСТІ НОВИХ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ ТА ВИКЛИКІВ ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЇ: ВИСНОВКИ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: САЛІХОВА Олена , ГОНЧАРЕНКО Дар'я
Published: September 2021

У короткостроковому періоді заходи уряду Польщі в процесі євроінтеграції виявилися малоефективними і не дозволили досягнути до 2002 р. поставленої мети – посилити конкурентоспроможність фармацевтичних підприємств. Впровадження стандартів і регламентів ЄС, ухвалення закону про форми підтримки інноваційної діяльності створили підґрунтя для запровадження урядом (за співфінансування фондів ЄС) підтримки науково-технологічних та інноваційних проєктів і запуску галузевої програми InnoNeuroPharm, що, разом з податковою пільгою на дослідження і розробки та іншими заходами політики, дали позитивні імпульси бізнесу. Із вступом до ЄС польські фармацевтичні виробники покращили економічні результати, проте ще і дотепер значно відстають від німецьких як за технологічним рівнем та інноваційною активністю, так і за продуктивністю й оплатою праці. Розвиток галузі ускладнює низка перешкод: відсутність чіткої стратегії та недостатня координація між органами влади; брак стимулюючих механізмів для залучення інвестицій; людський фактор і "промислова корупція". Польщі в процесі євроінтеграції вдалося швидко впровадити "згори вниз" формальні інститути, проте трансформація неформальних інститутів триває і сьогодні. Одна з причин відставання та слабкої конкурентоспроможності української фармацевтики полягає в тому, що євроінтеграційні процеси спрямовуються, передусім, на гармонізацію законодавчого і нормативно-правового регулювання діяльності з виробництва ліків, а не на нарощування потенціалу ендогенного розвитку галузі. Зазначено, що лише запровадження цілеспрямованої комплексної державної політики розбудови "технологічних чемпіонів" у фармацевтиці з опорою на ендогенні інновації здатне "конвертувати" євроінтеграційні процеси в конкурентоспроможні українські продукти і вивести їх на європейські ринки. Обґрунтовано, що без ментально-ціннісних змін, трансформації неформальних інститутів і вдосконалення рамкових умов для інновацій зиски країни від євроінтеграції для розвитку української фармацевтики будуть обмеженими і нездатними скоротити технологічний і економічний розрив з європейськими лідерами галузі.
The Solution of the Inverse Problem of Identifying the Thermal Conductivity Tensor in Anisotropic Materials
Authors:   A. Pidhornyi Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems of NASU, Matsevytyi Yurii M. , Hanchyn Valerii V. ,   A. Pidhornyi Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems of NASU
Published: September 2021

On the basis of A. N. Tikhonov's regularization theory, a technique has been developed for solving inverse heat conduction problems of identifying the thermal conductivity tensor in a two-dimensional domain. Such problems are replaced by problems of identifying the principal heat conductivity coefficients and the orientation angle of the principal axes, with the principal coefficients being approximated by Schoenberg’s cubic splines. As a result, the problem is reduced to determining the unknown coefficients in these approximations and the orientation angle of the principal axes. With known boundary and initial conditions, the temperature in the domain will depend only on these coefficients and the orientation angle. If one expresses it by the Taylor formula for two terms of series and substitutes it into the Tikhonov functional, then the determination of the increments of the coefficients and the increment of the orientation angle can be reduced to solving a system of linear equations with respect to these increments. By choosing a certain regularization parameter as well as some functions for the principal thermal conductivity coefficients and the orientation angle as an initial approximation, one can implement an iterative process for determining these coefficients. After obtaining the vectors of the coefficients and the angle of orientation as a result of the converging iterative process, it is possible to determine the root-mean-square discrepancy between the temperature obtained and the temperature measured as a result of the experiment. It remains to choose the regularization parameter in such a way that this discrepancy is within the root-mean-square discrepancy of the measurement error. When checking the efficiency of using the proposed method, a number of two-dimensional test problems for bodies with known thermal conductivity tensors were solved. The influence of random measurement errors on the error in the identification of the thermal conductivity tensor was analyzed.
Cycle-Tempo Simulation of Ultra-Micro Gas Turbine Fueled by Producer Gas Resulting from Leaf Waste Gasification
Authors:   Sriwijaya University, Vidian Fajri , Peranginangin Putra Anugrah ,   Sriwijaya University, Yulianto Muhamad ,   Waseda University
Published: September 2021

Leaf waste has the potential to be converted into energy because of its high availability both in the world and Indonesia. Gasification is a conversion technology that can be used to convert leaves into producer gas. This gas can be used for various applications, one of which is using it as fuel for gas turbines, including ultra-micro gas ones, which are among the most popular micro generators of electric power at the time. To minimize the risk of failure in the experiment and cost, simulation is used. To simulate the performance of gas turbines, the thermodynamic analysis tool called Cycle-Tempo is used. In this study, Cycle-Tempo was used for the zero-dimensional thermodynamic simulation of an ultra-micro gas turbine operated using producer gas as fuel. Our research contributions are the simulation of an ultra-micro gas turbine at a lower power output of about 1 kWe and the use of producer gas from leaf waste gasification as fuel in a gas turbine. The aim of the simulation is to determine the influence of air-fuel ratio on compressor power, turbine power, generator power, thermal efficiency, turbine inlet temperature and turbine outlet temperature. The simulation was carried out on condition that the fuel flow rate of 0.005 kg/s is constant, the maximum air flow rate is 0.02705 kg/s, and the air-fuel ratio is in the range of 1.55 to 5.41. The leaf waste gasification was simulated before, by using an equilibrium constant to get the composition of producer gas. The producer gas that was used as fuel had the following molar fractions: about 22.62% of CO, 18.98% of H2, 3.28% of CH4, 10.67% of CO2 and 44.4% of N2. The simulation results show that an increase in air-fuel ratio resulted in turbine power increase from 1.23 kW to 1.94 kW. The generator power, thermal efficiency, turbine inlet temperature and turbine outlet temperature decreased respectively from 0.89 kWe to 0.77 kWe; 3.17% to 2.76%; 782 °C to 379 °C and 705°C to 304 °C. The maximums of the generator power and thermal efficiency of 0.89 kWe and 3.17%, respectively, were obtained at the 1.55 air-fuel ratio. The generator power and thermal efficiency are 0.8 kWe and 2.88%, respectively, with the 4.64 air-fuel ratio or 200% excess air. The result of the simulation matches that of the experiment described in the literature.
Mathematical and Computer Simulation of Hex Head Screws for Implementation on a 3D Printer
Authors:   A. Pidhornyi Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems of NASU, Sheiko Tetiana I. , Maksymenko-Sheiko Kyrylo V. ,   A. Pidhornyi Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems of NASU,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Published: September 2021

In this paper, based on the R-functions theory, methods have been developed and equations have been constructed for the 3D printing of hex-head screws with Bristol, Pentalobe, Polydrive and other types of screw slots. Such screws are used both in personal computers and other high-end equipment. The Bristol slot has four or six radial grooved beams. The advantage of the design of this slot is the correct perpendicular, rather than tangential, vector of force application when the slot is rotated by a tool, which minimizes the risk of stripping out the slot. For this reason, the Bristol slot is used in soft metal screws. Compared to the internal hex, the Bristol slot allows a noticeably higher torque, only slightly higher than that of the Torx slot. This type of slot is used in aviation, high-end telecommunications equipment, cameras, air brakes, agricultural equipment, astronomical equipment, and foreign military equipment. Variations with a pin in the center are found in game consoles to prevent the use of a flat-blade screwdriver as an improvised key. The Pentalobe slot is a five-point slot designed by Apple and used in its products to limit unauthorized disassembly. It was first used in mid 2009 to mount MacBook Pro batteries. Its miniature version was used in the iPhone 4 and later models, in the MacBook Air (available since late 2010 models), and the MacBook Pro with Retina screens. The Polydrive slot is a starlike slot with rounded star points, used in the automotive industry for applications requiring high tightening torque. The Torq-set slot is a cross slot for fasteners requiring high tightening torque. The grooves are slightly offset, not intersecting at one point. Fasteners with this type of slot are used in military aviation, for example, in E-3, P-3, F-16, Airbus, Embraer, and Bombardier Inc. The Phillips Screw Company owns the trademark and manufactures fasteners with this type of slot. The slot design standards are National Aerospace Standard NASM 3781 and NASM 4191 for the ribbed version. The resulting equations for the surfaces of screws were checked during the modeling of the screws before 3D printing. The 3D printing technology allows us to reduce the cost and labor intensity of manufacturing products, including complex slot screws. The analytical recording of designed objects makes it possible to use alphabetic geometric parameters, complex superposition of functions, which, in turn, allows us to quickly change their design elements. The positivity property of the constructed functions at the internal points of an object is very convenient for the implementation of 3D printing.
APPLICATION OF DECOMPOSITION METHODS IN SHORT-TERM FORECASTING OF OVERALL ELECTRIC LOAD OF ENERGY SYSTEM
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Blinov I. V. , Sychova V. V. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: September 2021

Based on the performed researches the method of decomposition of graphs of total electric loading of power system with application of a method of Hilbert-Huang is improved. This approach allows obtaining a homogeneous basic component of electrical load and temperature component, which has a close correlation with air temperature, which improves the accuracy of short-term forecasting. The results of testing the developed mathematical model are given. Ref. 9, fig. 1, table.
Detection of extensively drug-resistant and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae ST15, ST147, ST377 and ST442 in Iran
Authors: Davoudabadi Sara , Goudarzi Hossein , Goudarzi Mehdi , Ardebili Abdollah , Faghihloo Ebrahim , Sharahi Javad Yasbolaghi , Hashemi Ali
Published: September 2021

In this study, we focused on the emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR), pandrug-resistant (PDR), and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) in Iran. During 2018 to 2020 a total of 52 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from different clinical specimens. The hvKP isolates were identified by PCR amplification of virulence and capsular serotype-specific genes. Hypermucoviscous K. pneumoniae (hmKP) were identified by string test. Carbapenem-resistant hvKP (CR-hvKP), multidrug-resistant hvKP (MDR-hvKP), extensively drug-resistant hvKP (XDR-hvKP), and pandrug-resistant hvKP (PDR-hvKP) were determined by disc diffusion method, Carba-NP test and PCR method. XDR-hvKP isolates were typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Among all K. pneumoniae isolates 14 (26.9%) were identified as hvKP and 78.6% (11/14) of them were hmKP however, none of the classic K. pneumoniae (cKP) isolates were hmKP. The predominant capsular serotype of hvKP was K2 (42.85%) followed by K1 (35.71%). The prevalence of MDR-hvKP, XDR-hvKP and PDR-hvKP isolates were 6 (42.9%), 5 (35.7%) and 1 (7.1%), respectively. ESBL production was found in 85.7% of hvKP isolates and most of them carried bla
TEM gene (78.6%) and 6 isolates (42.9%) were CR-hvKP. Among hvKP isolates, 1 (7.1%), 2 (14.3%), 3 (21.4%), 8 (28.6%), and 11 (78.6%) carried bla
NDM-6,
bla
OXA-48, bla
CTX-M,
bla
SHV, and bla
TEM genes, respectively. According to MLST analysis, 2, 1, 1, and 1 XDR-hvKP isolates belonged to ST15, ST377, ST442, and ST147, respectively. The occurrence of such isolates is deeply concerning due to the combination of hypervirulence and extensively drug-resistance or pandrug-resistance.
Who by Fire
Authors: Peres Ofer
Published: September 2021

The Pururava-caritai (‘The Adventures of Pururavas’) is an unstudied sixteenth-century Tamil adaptation of the famous Vedic legend of Pururavas, which introduces an extensive addition to the original story. One episode within this supplement narrates a trial by fire gone through by the protagonist’s wife, which draws heavily on a similar episode from the Ramayana epic, both in Valmiki’s classical Sanskrit version and in Kampan’s twelfth-century Tamil retelling. This article sheds new light on the ways in which classical literary gender roles and gender models were reimagined in premodern south India. I argue that the re-articulation of the epic fire-ordeal in the Pururava-caritai is a critical reflection on the feminine model that the Ramayana heroine, Sita, represents. I show that, through a synthesis of classical and folk motifs, the author has created an implicit intertextual dialogue that concludes with a complex matrix of values of ‘proper’ femininity and ‘true’ divinity.
Tibetan Buddhism and Mystical Experience, by Yaroslav Komarovski.
Authors: Stephenson Jackson
Published: September 2021

Tibetan Buddhism and Mystical Experience, by Yaroslav Komarovski. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. 285pp., £86 (hb). ISBN: 9780190244958
Buddhism, Education and Politics in Burma and Thailand: From the Seventeenth Century to the Present, by Khammai Dhammasami.
Authors: McGovern Nathan
Published: September 2021

Buddhism, Education and Politics in Burma and Thailand: From the Seventeenth Century to the Present, by Khammai Dhammasami. London: Bloomsbury, 2018. 272 pp., ?85 (hb), ?28.99 (pb). ISBN 978-1-3500-5424-0 (hb), 978-1-3501-2306-9 (pb).
Sakta Tantric Traditions of Kerala in the Process of Change
Authors: Karasinski Maciej
Published: September 2021

In this paper I shall propose some hypotheses that have emerged from my fieldwork on the so-called sakta Tantra of Kerala (also known locally as Raudra or Mahartha). This Hindu tantric tradition weds ritualistic practices of Kashmirian Saivism (Krama-Trika) with the folk beliefs of Kerala. It could be said that the sakta (sakteyam in Malayalam) Brahmins of Malabar are representatives of the Mahartha Tantra of Kerala. I intend to shed some light on the sakta tradition and compare the data from my fieldwork with the scriptural tradition. Therefore, I would like to present here some of my observations from reading the ritual texts of the sakta Tantric Brahmins. Their ritualistic handbook (preserved in the form of a palm-leaf manuscript) forms a detailed ritual manual composed in a mixture of Sanskrit and Malayalam. Interestingly, the ritual directions are given sometimes in Sanskrit and other times in Malayalam, but most often in a combination of both languages. Being primarily goddess-oriented, the text teaches the reader methods of self empowerment and reaching the enlightened non-dual state through realizing the potencies of Kali. This paper introduces the structure of the ritual handbook and concerns the ritual peculiarities of the modern Tantric practitioners in Kerala.
Co(s)mic Vision
Authors: Babajee Siegfried J.
Published: September 2021

The Bhagavata Purana (BhP) is a popular sacred Sanskrit text characterized by its devotion for Krsna and the many narratives concerning him and his incarnations. These narratives have an edifying quality. A great number of them bring their point across through the use of humour. Though the comic tradition of India has been covered by scholars, such studies primarily discuss the performing arts. I argue that there is a strong presence of humour in the BhP, and that this humour communicates a playful attitude which has a prominent place in the overall religiosity of the BhP, thus communicating a worldview I term the co(s)mic vision. This study contributes to the discussion on the ludic dimensions of religious traditions and indicates how religious discourse is established through the entertaining and edifying effects of humour. Narrative is used as an entertaining alternative to religious instruction as exhortation, theological assertion, or propositional excursuses.
Airborne bacteria in show caves from Southern Spain
Authors: Dominguez-Moñino Irene , Jurado Valme , Rogerio-Candelera Miguel Angel , Hermosin Bernardo , Saiz-Jimenez Cesareo
Published: September 2021

This work presents a study on the airborne bacteria recorded in three Andalusian show caves, subjected to different managements. The main differences within the caves were the absence of lighting and phototrophic biofilms in Cueva de Ardales, the periodic maintenance and low occurrence of phototrophic biofilms in Gruta de las Maravillas, and the abundance of phototrophic biofilms in speleothems and walls in Cueva del Tesoro. These factors conditioned the diversity of bacteria in the caves and therefore there are large differences among the CFU m-3, determined using a suction impact collector, equipment widely used in aerobiological studies. The study of the bacterial diversity, inside and outside the caves, indicates that the air is mostly populated by bacteria thriving in the subterranean environment. In addition, the diversity seems to be related with the presence of abundant phototrophic biofilms, but not with the number of visitors received by each cave.
Podocyte Aging: Why and How Getting Old Matters
Authors: Shankland Stuart , Wang Yuliang , Shaw Andrey , Vaughan Joshua , Pippin Jeffrey , Wessely Oliver
Published: September 2021

The effects of healthy aging on the kidney, and how these effects intersect with superimposed diseases, are highly relevant in the context of the population's increasing longevity. Age-associated changes to podocytes, which are terminally differentiated glomerular epithelial cells, adversely affect kidney health. This review discusses the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying podocyte aging, how these mechanisms might be augmented by disease in the aged kidney, and approaches to mitigate progressive damage to podocytes. Furthermore, we address how biologic pathways such as those associated with cellular growth confound aging in humans and rodents.
Beliren ve Orta Yetişkinlik Dönemindeki Bireylerin Minnettarlık ile İlgili Görüşleri
Authors: UZUN Kıvanç , KARATAŞ Zeynep
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, beliren ve orta yetişkinlik döneminde bulunan bireylerin minnettarlık ile ilgili görüşlerinin belirlenmesi ve bu iki grubun görüşleri arasındaki benzerliklerin ve farklılıkların ortaya konulmasıdır. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgubilim yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma 2019-2020 yılları arasında Türkiye’nin değişik bölgelerinde yaşayan, farklı yaşlarda, mesleklerde ve öğrenim düzeylerinde yer alan; 20 beliren (18-25 yaş arası) ve 20 orta yetişkinlik (26-45 yaş arası) döneminde bulunan 40 katılımcı ile yürütülmüştür. Bu araştırmanın katılımcıları amaçlı örnekleme yöntemleri içerisinde yer alan tabakalı amaçsal örnekleme yöntemine göre seçilmiştir. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan kişisel bilgi formu ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla online olarak yapılan görüşmeler ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre beliren ve orta yetişkinlik döneminde bulunan bireylerin; minnettarlığın tanımı, minnettarlık hissedilen durumlar, minnettarlığın ifade edilmesi, minnettarlığın davranışsal ve duygusal karşılığı, sosyal yaşama katkısı ve önündeki engellere dair yaklaşımlarının büyük oranda benzer olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Ancak az da olsa bu iki grubun minnettarlığa bakış açılarının birbirlerinden ayrıldığı noktalar göze çarpmaktadır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bu bulgular, alanyazın ışığında tartışılmış ve sonuçlarla ilgili öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
FİNANSAL SİSTEMİN YAPISI İLE REEL EKONOMİ ARASINDAKİ DİNAMİK ETKİLEŞİM
Authors: ŞENDENİZ-YÜNCÜ İlkay
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada, optimal finansal yapıların ülkelerin ekonomik gelişmişlik düzeylerine göre farklılık gösterdiği “yeni yapısalcılık” görüşünden yola çıkılarak, 23 gelişmekte olan ülkede 1980-2017 yılları arasında finansal sistemlerin yapısı, optimal finansal yapılar ve reel ekonomi ile olan ilişkileri incelenmektedir. Panel en küçük kareler yöntemi ve dinamik panel Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Yöntemi (GMY) tahminleri sonuçları, bir ülkede ekonomi büyüdükçe o ülkedeki finansal sistem yapısının daha piyasa odaklı olduğu görüşünü desteklemektedir. Bu çalışma, ayrıca, bir ülkenin mevcut finansal yapısının tahmin edilen optimal finansal yapıdan sapmasının reel ekonomiyi olumsuz yönde etkilediği sonucuna varmaktadır. Gelişmekte olan bir ülkeye en uygun olan finansal yapı, gelişmiş bir ülkenin finansal yapısından farklı olacaktır. Bu sebeple, ekonomik büyümeyi sağlamak adına, gelişmiş ülkelerin finansal yapı stratejilerini takip etmek yerine, her bir gelişmekte olan ülke için özel olarak hazırlanmış finansal yapı stratejileri izlenmelidir.
Perceptions of academic staff about mentoring in a Faculty of Dentistry in a public university in South Africa
Authors: Amosun Seyi Ladele , Geerts Greta AVM , Basson Reneda
Published: September 2021

Mentoring programs contribute to the development and retention of academics in dental education. To describe the perceptions of academic staff of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, South Africa, about a funded pilot mentoring process. Cross-sectional, purposive sampling qualitative design. Twenty mentees who had engaged in the funded mentoring process were targeted for semi-structured interviews, to describe their perceptions about the ongoing mentorship process, experiences in other mentoring processes, and expectations about future formal mentoring in the faculty. Quantitative data was analysed descriptively, while content analysis of the qualitative data was performed to identify themes. Perceptions of eight mentees, aged 37 to 59 years and spent between 3 and over 20 years in the faculty, were categorized into two themes - ‘A welcome initiative’ and ‘Mentorship seen as a holistic experience’. The program provided the much-needed space where mentees felt they could seek guidance for their development. Expectations from a future formal program included assistance in meeting institutional and personal demands. Participants’ expectations were broader than what the pilot program offered, though