bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Learning Intensity on Mathematics Learning Outcomes To Fourth Grade Students of Public Elementary School In Klirong Sub-District In Academic Year of 2019/2020
Authors: Kusuma Tanti Oktaviani , Ngatman Ngatman , Joharman Joharman
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan adanya pengaruh positif frekuensi belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas IV dan untuk menentukan besar sumbangan frekuensi belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas IV SD Negeri se-Kecamatan Klirong tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode korelasi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik probability sampling. Pada analisis data penelitian, peneliti menggunakan aplikasi SPSS dalam menganalisis korelasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai koefisien korelasi antara frekuensi belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika sebesar 0,580 dengan nilai Sig. = 0,000 < 0,05. Nilai sumbangan efektif variabel frekuensi belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa sebesar 33,7%. Berdasarkan analisis dan pembahasan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara frekuensi belajar dengan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas IV SD Negeri se-Kecamatan Klirong tahun ajaran 2019/2020.
Hubungan antara Sikap Ilmiah dan Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Kelas V SDN se-Kecamatan Alian Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Hayati Alfi Nur , Joharman Joharman , Suhartono Suhartono
Published: September 2021

This study aims to prove the correlation between scientific attitudes and science learning outcomes to fifth grade students of public elementary schools in Alian sub-district in the academic year 2019/2020 and the magnitude of the effective contribution of scientific attitude towards science learning outcomes. This research is a quantitative study using the correlation method. Sampling was randomly taken by cluster sampling technique. Correlation test results of scientific attitudes and science learning outcomes indicate that the value of Sig. of 0,000 and the correlation coefficient of 0.316. The contribution of scientific attitude towards the learning outcomes of Natural Sciences is 9.98%. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that there is a positive correlation between scientific attitudes and learning outcomes of science to fifth grade students of public elementary schools in Alian sub-district in academic year of 2019/2020
PENGARUH BIMBINGAN BELAJAR DI LUAR SEKOLAH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS IV SDN SEKECAMATAN PEJAGOAN TAHUN AJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: Rahmawati Siti , Joharman Joharman , Ngatman Ngatman
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The study aimed to prove the difference between students taking tuition and students who did not take tuition on mathematics learning outcomes of fourth grade students in public elementary schools at Pejagoan sub-district in academic year of 2019/2020. The research was quantitative comparative method. Type of sampling was cluster random sampling technique with the help of Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 16. The samples were 263 students in ten public elementary schools at Pejagoan sub-district. Data analysis used independent sample t-test, with a significance level of 0.05. In the test of homogeneity, the result was sig = 0,000 (sig < 0.05). It meant that there was significant difference between students taking tuition and students who did not take tuition on mathematics learning outcomes. The data of student mathematics learning outcomes was homogeneous.
THE EFFECT OF PARENTAL ATTENTION ON MATHEMATICS LEARNING OUTCOMES TO FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS OF PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN KEBUMEN SUB-DISTRICT IN ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2019/2020
Authors: Masruron Noviyanto , Ngatman Ngatman , Joharman Joharman
Published: September 2021

The study aimed to determine the effect of parental attention on student mathematics learning outcomes and to determine the contribution of parental attention on mathematics learning outcomes to fifth grade students of public elementary schools in Kebumen sub-districts in academic year of 2019/2020. It was quantitative correlational method. The prerequisite analysis test used normality and linearity. Data analysis used simple correlation test and significance level. The result showed that there was positive and significant correlation between parental attention and mathematics learning outcomes. The correlation level was moderate (0.248). Parental attention contributed 8.1% on mathematics learning outcomes. It concludes that there is positive and significant correlation between parental attention and mathematics learning outcomes to fifth grade students of public elementary schools in Kebumen sub-district in academic year of 2019/2020.
CORRELATION BETWEEN READING INTERESTS AND INDONESIAN LANGUAGE LEARNING OUTCOMES TO FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS OF PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN PEJAGOAN SUB-DISTRICT IN ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2019/2020
Authors: Dirgantari Ajiningrum Putri Ayu , Joharman Joharman , Ngatman Ngatman
Published: September 2021

Abstract

The objectives of the research were to prove significant and positive correlation between reading interests and Indonesian language learning outcomes and to determine the contribution of reading interests on Indonesian language learning outcomes to fifth grade students in Pejagoan Sub-District in academic year of 2019/2020. The research was quantitative correlational study. The prerequisite test used the normality and linearity test. The data analysis included simple correlation test and adjusted R square with significance level of 5%. The results indicated that there was positive and significant relationship between reading interests and Indonesian language learning outcomes. The correlation was 0.539 and Adjusted R square of reading interests on Indonesian language learning outcomes was 22.62%. It concludes that there is significant and positive correlation between reading interests and Indonesian language learning outcomes to fifth grade students in Pejagoan sub-District in academic year of 2019/2020.
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI PENGUATAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PPKn (STUDI KASUS DI SD NEGERI 1 SUROTRUNAN TAHUN AJARAN 2019/2020)
Authors: Wibowo Nadya Vera , Rokhmaniyah Rokhmaniyah , Suryandari Kartika Christy
Published: September 2021

It is crucial to implement student character values from early age. The application of character education has been implemented at S D N 1 Surotrunan. To determine the of student character values, the researcher was interested in evaluating the implementation of strengthening character education at S D N 1 Surotrunan. The study aimed to describe the implementation of strengthening character education in Pancasila and Civic Education and to analyze the factors that affected strengthening character education in Pancasila and Civic Education at S D N 1 Surotrunan. The data were narration about research subjects obtained through data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and document study. The participants were students, class teachers, and principal. The data validity test techniques were source triangulation and technique triangulation. Data analysis techniques were data reduction, data presentation, and verification. (1) The student character values that can be observed in SD Negeri 1 Surotrunan are: (a) religious; (b) honest; (c) tolerance; (d) discipline; (e) care for the environment; (f) social care; (g) and responsibilities. Overall, the students' character values have been optimal, there are only a few values that have not been fulfilled optimally. Values that are not optimal in instilling character values are tolerance, environmental care, and social care; (2) factors affecting the strengthening character education in Pancasila and Civic Education were internal and external factors. Internal factors included: (a) feeling, (b) habit, (c) willingness, (d) mood, and (e) offspring. External factors included education and environment.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Menulis Ringkasan melalui Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC)
Authors: Nurrani Annisa Ilmi
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menningkatkan keterampilan menulis ringkasan melalui model pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) pada siswa kelas 5 SDN Magersari3 tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Dalam setiap siklus terdiri atas empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, dokumentasi, dan tes. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis data interaktif (Miles dan Huberman). Presentase ketuntasan mengalami peningkatan dari prasiklus, siklus I, hingga siklus II. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah adanya peningkatan keterampilan menulis ringkasan pada siswa kelas 5 SDN Magerssri 3 tahun ajaran 2020/2021.
Implementation of Guided Inquiries to Increase Science Learning Outcomes about Changes in Objectives
Authors: Fitriana Arbangatun
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA tentang perubahan wujud melalui penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan tes. Validitas data menggunakan triangulasi teknik dan sumber. Analisis data meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Pada siklus I ketuntasan peserta didik mencapai 68,42%. Sedangkan pada siklus II mencapi 89,47%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA tentang perubahan wujud pada peserta didik kelas V SDN 1 Karangsari Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021.
Realistics Mathematics Education Model To Improve Mathematics Learning Outcomes With Fraction Materials In Grade II
Authors: Haryanti Arum
Published: September 2021

Penelitian dilakukan untuk menerapkan langkah model Realistic Mathematics Education, meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika, dan mengidentifikasi kendala serta solusi penerapan model dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus yang terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas II SDN Ambal kebrek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model ini dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika tentang pecahan di kelas II SDN Ambalkebrek tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 yang dibuktikan dengan persentase ketuntasan hasil belajar pada siklus I sebesar 74,33% menjadi 83,33% pada siklus II. Kendala yang ditemui yaitu kesulitan membuat soal cerita, malu menyampaikan pendapat, dan kurang aktif saat menjawab pertanyaan. Solusi yang diterapkan yaitu membimbing peserta didik yang kesulitan, memberikan penguatan positif, serta memandu peserta didik untuk menjawab pertanyaan.
The Application Of Cartoon Puppet To Increase The Fairytale Learning Outcomes Of Elementary School Students.
Authors: Himawati Azizah
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia materi dongeng pada peserta didik kelas II yang masih rendah di SD Negeri Sidomukti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar materi dongeng dengan menggunakan media wayang kartun. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Teknis pengumpulan data yaitu observasi dan tes hasil belajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam proses belajar, peserta didik menjadi lebih aktif sedangkan ketuntasan peserta didik meningkat pada setiap siklusnya. Ketuntasan hasil belajar peserta didik yang mulanya 37 % pada prasiklus meningkat pada siklus I menjadI 63 %. Ketuntasan tersebut meningkat lagi pada siklus II menjadi 89 % dari keseluruhan peserta didik. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan media wayang kartun dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas II SDN Sidomukti tahun pelajaran 2020/2021.
Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Petak Persegi Untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar Dan Hasil Belajar Materi Bangun Datar
Authors: Rizqiana Devi Luxvia
Published: September 2021

Rendahnya aktivitas dan hasil belajar peserta didik dalam materi bangun datar disebabkan oleh kurangnya inovasi guru dalam mengemas pembelajaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penggunaan media pembelajaran petak persegi dalam peningkatan aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi bangun datar. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) sebanyak dua siklus, dengan setiap siklusnya terdiri dua pertemuan. Adapun tahapan setiap siklus yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Pada siklus 1 rata- rata presentase aktivitas peserta didik sebesar 64,28%. Pada siklus 2 presentase aktivitas peserta didik meningkat menjadi 80,00 %. Sedangkan pada hasil belajar siklus 1 presentase ketuntasan belajar klasikal yaitu 78,57 %, sedangkan pada siklus 2 diperoleh prsentase ketuntasan belajar klasikal 85,71%. Hasil ini menunjukkan  bahwa penggunaan media petak persegi dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi bangun datar. 
Implementation of the Problem Based Learning Models to Improve Critical Thinking Skills in PKn
Authors: Kusniati Eni
Published: September 2021

Output level Sekolah Dasar diharapkan memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis yang merupakan salah satu ciri pembelajaran abad 21. Pendidikan keterampilan berpikir kritis ini telah menjadi sebuah tuntutan pada setiap pemelajaran termasuk Pendidikan Kwarganegaraan (PKn). PKn memiliki peran penting bagi kehidupan manusia untuk mempelajari hubungan antar manusia dalam lingkungan yang multikultural. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas IV sekolah dasar pada pembelajaran PKn menggunakan model Problem Based Learning (PBL). Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari dua siklus dengan tiga pertemuan pada setiap siklusnya. Tahapan pada setiap siklusnya terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Pre test dan post test dilakukan pada setiap pertemuan untuk memantau perkembangan peserta didik. Ketuntasan peserta didik setelah menyelesaikan post test siklus I sebanyak 40,91% dan siklus II sebanyak 86,96%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada pembelajaran PKn kelas IV SDN 1 Tersobo.
Optimizing E-Learning To Improve Digital Literacy Of The Third Elementary School Students
Authors: Khusnasani Ihdina
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan literasi digital dan mendeskripsikan cara mengoptimalkan e-learning yang dapat meningkatkan literasi digital pada siswa kelas III SDN 1 Giripurwo Kulon Progo tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu: tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian dari penelitian yang akan dilaksanakan ini adalah siswa kelas III SDN 1 Giripurwo Kulon Progo yang berjumlah 22 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengoptimalan e-learning dapat meningkatkan literasi digital pada siswa kelas III SDN 1 Giripurwo Kulon Progo tahun ajaran 2020/2021, sedangkan cara mengoptimalkan e-learning yang dapat meningkatkan literasi digital harus dilakukan sesuai dengan prosedur langkah-langkah pembelajaran jarak jauh.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Menulis Narasi melalui Media Gambar Seri Peserta Didik Kelas III Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Suci Isnaini
Published: September 2021

Salah satu penyebab rendahnya keterampilan menulis narasi adalah belum optimalnya penggunaan media pembelajaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis narasi menggunakan media gambar seri. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan dua siklus. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas tiga SDN Ngoresan tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 dengan jumlah siswa 28 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan tes awal. Kondisi keterampilan menulis narasi siswa kelas III secara klasikal diperoleh 32%, kemudian setelah tindakan dengan menerapkan media gambar berseri menjadi 61% pada siklus I, dan meningkat menjadi 86% pada siklus II. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa media gambar seri dapat meningkatkanmenulis narasi keterampilanpada siswa kelas III SDN Ngoresan yang 2020/2021 tahun akademik.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Statistika Melalui Media Video Pembelajaran Pada Siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri 02 Trengguli
Authors: Hastuti Kurnia Febry Tri
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar statistika pada siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 02 Trengguli Kecamatan Jenawi Kabupaten Karanganyar Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021 dengan menggunakan media video pembelajaran. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas, yang terdiri dari dua siklus dan setiap siklusnya memiliki beberapa tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa melalui media video pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar statistika siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 02 Trengguli, hal ini terlihat dari kondisi awal (Pra Siklus) menunjukkan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa adalah 66 dengan persentase ketuntasan 50%. Pada Siklus I rata-rata hasil belajar siswa adalah 72 dengan persentase ketuntasan 71%. Dan pada Siklus II rata-rata hasil belajar siswa adalah 81 dengan persentase ketuntasan 86%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa media video pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar statistika siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 02 Trengguli.
Implementasi Model Pair Check Untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Konsep Keliling Bangun Datar
Authors: Puspitasari Maria Christy
Published: September 2021

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dilatarbelakangi oleh hasil penguasaan konsep keliling bangun datar peserta didik kelas III SDN Soropadan masih rendah atau belum mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal (KKM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan penguasaan konsep keliling bangun datar dengan model pembelajaran pair check pada peserta didik kelas III SDN Soropadan Surakarta tahun ajaran 2020/2021 yang berjumlah 28 peserta didik dan diambil sampel 8 anak.Penelitian tindakan kelas yang menggunakan model Kemmis dan Mc. Taggart. Pada siklus I ketuntasan klasikal mencapai 37,5% dan nilai rata-rata 71,63. Pada siklus II, penguasaan konsep keliling bangun datar peserta didik memperoleh ketuntasan klasikal 87,5% dan nilai rata-rata 82,5. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi model pair check dapat meningkatkan penguasaan konsep keliling bangun datar pada peserta didik kelas III SDN Soropadan Surakarta tahun ajaran 2020/2021.
The Use of Quantum Teaching to Increase IPS Learning Outcome About Economic Activity For 4th Grade Students of SDN 5 Panjer
Authors: Lestari Puput Puji
Published: September 2021

Penerapan Model Quantum Teaching untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS tentang Kegiatan Ekonomi pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN 5 Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu: (1) mendeskripsikan langkah-langkah Quantum Teaching; (2) meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS tentang kegiatan ekonomi melalui model Quantum Teachin. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas kolaboratif. Subjek penelitian yaitu guru dan siswa kelas V. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes, observasi dan wawancara. Validitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Analisis data melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan model Quantum Teaching meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS tentang kegiatan ekonomi.
Implementation of The Quantum Learning Model to Improve Critical Thinking Skills Students of Elementary School
Authors: Pratama Riky Rivaldi
Published: September 2021

Keterampilan berpikir kritis adalah keterampilan penting untuk kehidupan abad ke-21. Keterampilan berpikir kritis berkaitan erat dengan kemampuan memahami dunia yang kompleks dengan berbagai permasalahannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan menggunakan Quantum. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan pelaksanaan tiga siklus dan setiap siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan. Masing-masing terdiri dari empat langkah yaitu siklus perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan beberapa teknik seperti observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan tes berpikir kritis. Model interaktif digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penilaian penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis kedua peserta didik terus meningkat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui model kuantum berbasis eksperimen meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik tentang kalor dan perpindahan pada peserta didik kelas V.
Peningkatan Motivasi Belajar Daring pada Pembelajaran Tematik melalui Media Audio Visual Siswa Kelas III Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Yuliani Rosyida
Published: September 2021

Siswa kelas tiga sekolah dasar berada pada tahap operasional konkret. Maka, saat pembelajaran tematik secara daring membutuhkan media konkret berupa media audio visual untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajarnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui peningkatan motivasi belajar daring pada pembelajaran tematik melalui media audio visual siswa kelas tiga SDN 2 Sambong. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian secara kuantitatif yaitu pada siklus I menunjukkan nilai motivasi 1,8 dan rata-rata nilai pre test 84,4. Pada siklus II menunjukkan nilai motivasi 2,5 dan rata-rata nilai post test 1 sebesar 86,9. Pada siklus III menunjukkan nilai motivasi 2,8 dan rata-rata nilai post test 2 sebesar 88,1. Hasil penelitian secara kualitatif yaitu dapat dijelaskan dari banyaknya siswa yang menyatakan senang terhadap penggunaan media audio visual. Berdasarkan analisis dan pembahasan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media audio visual dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa kelas tiga.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Pemecahan Masalah melalui Model Pembelajaran Think Talk Write Peserta Didik Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Utama Septian Putra
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendiskripsikan peningkatan keterampilan pemecahan masalah interpretasi data melalui model pembelajaran Think Talk Write (TTW). Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus. Dalam satu siklus melalui empat tahapan yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah satu guru dan tigabelaspeserta didik. Menggunakan wawancara, observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Teknis uji validitas data menggunakan triangulasi teknik dan triagulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketuntasan klasikal meningkat pada setiap siklusnya. Pada pra tindakan sebesar 30,77%, kemudian setelah tindakan dengan menerapkan model TTW menjadi 46,15% pada siklus I, meningkat menjadi 69,23% pada siklus II dan meningkat menjadi 84,23% pada siklus III. Peningkatan juga terlihat pada rata-rata setiap aspek yang diperoleh. Simpulan bahwa terjadi peningkatan keterampilan pemecahan masalah interpretasi data melalui model pembelajaran Think Talk Write (TTW) pada peserta didik kelas V SD N Geneng I Sukoharjo tahun ajaran 2020/2021.
Peningkatan Keaktifan Siswa melalui Penerapan Model Mind Mapping pada Siswa SD Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Setiayu Wiwik
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keaktifan siswa kelas IV melalui model pembelajaran Mind  Mapping. Permasalahan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Siswa kurang mampu melibatkan diri dalam proses tanya jawab dalam kelompok. (2) Rendahnya tingkat penguasaan materi pembelajaran. (3) Siswa cenderung pasif dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode PTK (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas) Hopkins (1993) dengan 4 tahapan yang dilaksanakan dengan dua siklus. Sasaran dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas IV. Hasil dari penelitian yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran Mind  Mapping dapat meningkatkan keaktifan siswa. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan adanya peningkatan pada siklus II  sebesar 26% dengan perolehan persentase keaktifan siswa yaitu 92%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa keaktifan siswa secara klasikal sudah ≥ 80%.
Learning Achievements of Muhammadiyah Cadres in Higher Education During Covid 19
Authors: Nurmitasari Nurmitasari , Astuti Robia , Khasanah Binti Anisaul
Published: September 2021

The responses given by final year FKIP UMPRI Lampung students to Muhammadiyah were different even though the treatment given was the same in the regeneration process. Whereas experience in the organization as a cadre is very important in dealing with pandemic conditions, so that it affects student learning achievement. This is the background of this research which aims to reveal the learning achievements of Muhammadiyah cadres within the scope of universities in the era of covid-19 so that it can be a consideration for Muhammadiyah universities to further strengthen Muhammadiyah cadres and prospective Muhammadiyah cadres through better regeneration programs. This type of research is a comparative quantitative study with a population of all final year students of FKIP UMPRI, amounting to 268. The sample in this study was 20% of the population using a proportional cluster random sampling technique of 54 students. The use of data analysis techniques in this study is a t-test with test prerequisites, namely normality test and homogeneity test. Based on data analysis, it was found that there was no difference in learning achievement between Muhammadiyah cadres and non-Muhammadiyah cadres in the scope of universities in the covid-19 era.
A Comparative Study on Automatic Financial Exchange between Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Subagyono Bambang Sugeng Ariadi , Hernoko Agus Yudha , Chumaida Zahry Vandawati
Published: September 2021

Taxpayer data and information from banking and finance institution could be guidance on any development. Therefore, it could be a corrective act to do the law enforcement on increasing Inland Revenue. Financial information exchange regarded to tax interests, besides by demanding way also could automatically way done (Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information/AEol). Indonesia commitment was manifested by Multilateral Competent Authority Agreement signed after AEOI on 3rd June 2015. Indonesia agreed to start the financial information exchange automatically on September 2018. The followed-up Indonesia government commitment was on 8th May 2017. It had approved the financial information access no.1 2017 legislations as to tax interests. Then, one year later was set to be no.9 2017 legislations.
Accelerated global cropland expansion and primary production increase in the 21st century
Authors: Potapov Peter , Turubanova Svetlana , Hansen Matthew , Tyukavina Alexandra , Zalles Viviana , Khan Ahmad , Song Xiao-Peng , Pickens Amy , Shen Quan , Cortez Jocelyn
Published: September 2021

Spatiotemporally consistent data on global cropland extent is a key to tracking progress toward hunger eradication and sustainable food production1,2. Here, we present an analysis of global cropland area and change for the first two decades of the 21st century derived from satellite data time-series. We estimate 2019 cropland area to be 1,244 Mha with a corresponding total annual net primary production (NPP) of 5.5 Pg C yr-1. From 2003 to 2019, cropland area increased by 9% and crop NPP by 25%, primarily due to agricultural expansion in Africa and South America. Global cropland expansion accelerated over the past two decades, with a near doubling of the annual expansion rate, most notably in Africa. Half of the new cropland area (49%) replaced natural vegetation and tree cover, indicating a conflict with the sustainability goal of protecting terrestrial ecosystems. From 2003 to 2019 global population growth outpaced cropland area expansion, and per capita cropland area decreased by 10%. However, the per capita annual crop NPP increased by 3.5% as a result of intensified agricultural land use. The presented global high-resolution cropland map time-series supports monitoring of sustainable food production at the local, national, and international levels.
Interaction of the Salience Network, Ventral Attention Network, Dorsal Attention Network and Default Mode Network in Neonates and Early Development of the Bottom-up Attention System.
Authors: Onofrj Valeria , Chiarelli Antonio Maria , Wise Richard , Colosimo Cesare , Caulo Massimo
Published: September 2021

The Salience Network (SN), Ventral Attention Network (VAN), Dorsal Attention Network (DAN) and Default Mode Network (DMN) have shown significant interactions and overlapping functions in bottom-up and top-down mechanisms of attention. In the present study we tested if the SN, VAN, DAN and DMN connectivity can infer the gestational age (GA) at birth in a study group of 88 healthy neonates with GA at birth ranging from 28 to 40 weeks. We also ascertained whether the connectivity within each of the SN, VAN, DAN and DMN is able to infer the average functional connectivity of the others. The ability to infer GA at birth or another network's connectivity was evaluated using a multi-variate data-driven framework. A mediation analysis was performed in order to estimate the transmittance of change of a network’s functional connectivity (FC) over another mediated by the GA.The VAN, DAN and the DMN infer the GA at birth (p<0.05). The SN, DMN and VAN were able to infer the average connectivity over the other networks (p<0.05). Mediation analysis between VAN’s and DAN’s inference on GA found reciprocal transmittance of change of VAN’s and DAN’s connectivity (p<0.05). Our findings suggest that the VAN has a prominent role in the bottom-up salience detection in early infancy and that the role of the VAN and the SN may overlap in the bottom-up control of attention.
Sources of Risk to the Health of the Population, by Inhalation of PM2.5 in the Toluca Valley, Mexico
Authors: Godoy Raúl Venancio Díaz , Ortiz Angélica Flores , Monroy Jose López , Alcántara Jaime Moreno , Moguel Judith Castellanos , Cardona María Teresa Núñez , Vargas Martha Patricia Sierra , Aguilar Octavio Gamaliel Aztatzi
Published: September 2021

Introduction: PM2.5 air pollution causes death and morbidity in populations, 4.2 million premature deaths have been reported worldwide per year and can cause cardiovascular, respiratory, cancer, among other diseases. As a result, it is important to know the sources that produce them.Objective: Determine the possible Sources of Risk (SR) to health, by inhalation of Elemental Chemical Composition (EQC) obtained from PM2.5 samples in the Toluca Valley (TV).Method: Sampling was carried out (26/11/16-14/03/18) in San Mateo Atenco, Ceboruco, Nueva Oxtotitlán, San Lorenzo Tepaltitlán, Zinacantepec and San Cristóbal Huichochitlán, using medium volume equipment every six days for 24 hours. It was calculated: gravimetry, analysis by atomic technique PIXE (Proton Induced X-Ray Emission) to obtain the EQC. The emission sources were determined with multivariate analysis, the elemental risk for three sensitive classes of the population and their possible sources of risk. Results: The SRs determined: Dust-Soil, Industry, Hydrocarbons, Vehicle, Burn-Fuels, Fine Gravimetric Mass, Coal burning, Metallurgy and Sulphates. Discussion: The SRs with the highest values, for sensitive populations, were Industry and Dust-Soil, this as a consequence of the large number of existing industries that produce EQC. Conclusion: The risks of inhalation of EQC present in PM2.5 for sampling sites were high, because of this there is a high probability of contracting some diseases that can be caused by EQC. The risk determined for sources in the ZMTV, to date, does not exist in similar research in the literature.
Computationally Repurposing Drugs for Breast Cancer Subtypes Using a Network-Based Approach
Authors: Firoozbakht Forough , Rezaeian Iman , Rueda Luis , Ngom Alioune
Published: September 2021

'De novo' drug discovery is costly, slow, and with high risk. Repurposing known drugs for treatment of other diseases offers a fast, low-cost/risk and highly-efficient method toward development of efficacious treatments. The emergence of large-scale heterogeneous biomolecular networks, molecular, chemical and bioactivity data, and genomic and phenotypic data of pharmacological compounds is enabling the development of new area of drug repurposing called 'in silico' drug repurposing, i.e., computational drug repurposing (CDR). The aim of CDR is to discover new indications for an existing drug (drug-centric) or to identify effective drugs for a disease (disease-centric). Both drug-centric and disease-centric approaches have the common challenge of either assessing the similarity or connections between drugs and diseases. However, traditional CDR is fraught with many challenges due to the underlying complex pharmacology and biology of diseases, genes, and drugs, as well as the complexity of their associations. As such, capturing highly non-linear associations among drugs, genes, diseases by most existing CDR methods has been challenging.We propose a network-based integration approach that can best capture knowledge (and complex relationships) contained within and between drugs, genes and disease data. A network-based machine learning approach is applied thereafter by using the extracted knowledge and relationships in order to identify single and pair of approved or experimental drugs with potential therapeutic effects on different breast cancer subtypes.
On The Erdös-Turán Additive Base Conjecture
Authors: Agama Theophilus
Published: September 2021

In this paper we formulate and prove several variants of the Erdös-Turán additive bases conjecture.
Wheat Yield Responses to Rising Temperature: Insights from North Indian Plains of India
Authors: Kuriachen Philip , Devi Asha , Sam Anu Susan , Kumar Suresh , Kumari Jyoti , Suresh A , Jha Girish Kumar
Published: September 2021

Climate change and consequent variations in temperature pose a significant challenge for sustaining wheat production systems globally. In this study, the potential impact of rising temperature on wheat yield in the north Indian plains, India's major wheat growing region, was analyzed using panel data from the year 1981 to 2009. This study deviates from the majority of the previous studies by including non-climatic factors in estimating the impact of climate change. Two temperature measures were used for fitting the function, viz., Growing Season Temperature (GST) and Terminal Stage Temperature (TST), to find out the differential impact of increased temperature at various growth stages. Analysis revealed that there was a significant rise in both GST as well as TST during the study period. The magnitude of the annual increment in TST was twice that of GST. Wheat yield growth in the region was driven primarily by increased input resources such as fertilizer application and technological development like improved varieties and management practices. Most importantly, the study found that the extent of yield reduction was more significant for an increase in temperature at terminal crop growth stages. The yield reduction due to unit increase in TST was estimated to be 2.26 % while rise in GST by 1◦C resulted in yield reduction of 2.03%.
Universe: the dynamics of the minimum and maximum expansion states
Authors: Petrakis Sócrates
Published: September 2021

Two hypotheses stand out in describing the evolution of the Universe. The predominant one predicts that the current expansion began at a certain instant and will not preserve any variation of energy that performs work; apparent flat Universe (Ω = 1) is advocated by relativistic calculations and observational data, with an end or thermal death at its maximum expansion (3D Space). The other hypothesis considers that the Universe is cyclical (always alternating phases of expansion and contraction). This proposal aims to demonstrate that both hypotheses can be correct by not being distinct, but complementary. Supported by the immutability of physical laws, analyses of concepts such as space, mass, energy, gravity, spin, and entropy define an exclusive presence of 1D Space in the minimum and maximum expansion states of the Universe. With our 3D Space Universe created and existing between these extreme states, the entire process is outlined. More objectively, the exposed dynamics complements the usual relativity. The concept of complete rest energy (1D Space) was able to be applied, demonstrating that the complete evolution of the Universe is spatially dynamic in a perpetual time dimension, always recreating our Universe.
The continuity of prime numbers can lead to even continuity(The ultimate)
Authors: Ling Xie
Published: September 2021

n continuous prime numbers can combine a group of continuous even numbers. If an adjacent prime number is followed, the even number will continue. For example, if we take prime number 3, we can get even number 6. If we follow an adjacent prime number 5, we can get even numbers by using 3 and 5: 6, 8 and 10. If a group of continuous prime numbers 3,5,7,11,... P, we can get a group of continuous even numbers 6,8,10,12,..., 2n. Then if an adjacent prime number q is followed, the original group of even numbers 6,8,10,12,..., 2n will be finitely extended to 2 (n + 1) or more adjacent even numbers. My purpose is to prove that the continuity of prime numbers will lead to even continuity as long as 2 (n + 1) can be extended. If the continuity of even numbers is discontinuous, it violates the Bertrand Chebyshev theorem of prime numbers. Because there are infinitely many prime numbers: 3, 5, 7, 11,... We can get infinitely many continuous even numbers: 6,8,10,12,...
What Is The Impact of Atopic Diseases On Symptoms Dimension of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chuang Yu-Chieh , Wang Ching-Yun , Huang Wei-Lieh , Wang Liang-Jen , Kuo Ho-Chang , Chen Yang-Ching , Huang Yu-Jui
Published: September 2021

Studies in the field of neuroscience and psychology have hypothesized that a causal association exists between atopic diseases and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported a higher risk of ADHD in children with atopic diseases; however, the relationship between ADHD symptoms and atopic diseases remains unclear. We systematically reviewed observational cross-sectional and longitudinal studies to investigate the relationship between atopic diseases and ADHD symptom severity (hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention). The majority of studies showed a statistically significant association between atopic diseases and both ADHD symptoms, with substantial heterogeneity in the outcome of hyperactivity/impulsivity. Inconsistent results were observed in the subgroup analysis of different exclusion criteria for patients with ADHD. Our study indicated that atopic diseases not only increase the risk of ADHD but also are associated with ADHD symptom severity. This association was even observed in children with subthreshold ADHD, indicating that atopic diseases play a role in the spectrum of ADHD symptom severity. Trial registration: This study was registered on PROSPERO (registration ID: CRD42020213219).
Perspective of Reactive Separation of Levulinic Acid in Conceptual Mixer Settler Reactor
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Ingle Anjali , Shende Diwakar Z. , Wasewar Kailas
Published: September 2021

Many industries are using directly biomass as a raw material for the production of valuable biochemicals. These are used different toxic chemicals such as sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, etc. as a catalyst during the production of biochemicals and exit downstream waste material and create environmental pollution. Therefore, downstream waste material separation is important for decrease environmental pollution. Levulinic acid is a carboxylic acid which can be present downstream of industrial waste. It is a very important chemical and can be transformed into different important chemicals such as 1–4 pentanediol, aminolevulinic acid, succinic acid, gamma valarolactone, hydoxyvaleric acid, diphenolic acid, etc. It is considered in the top ten important and bio-derived acids. Levulinic acid can be directly produced from biomass through chemical synthesis and fermentation processes at industrial and lab scales. The synthesis process produces the char whereas the fermentation process produces wastes during the production of levulinic acid, thus increasing the production cost and industrial waste downstream. The separation of levulinic acid from the waste is costly and challenging. In this study, reactive extraction was employed with TOA in i-octanol for the separation of levulinic acid. The experimental results have been expressed in various performance parameters like distribution coefficient (0.099–6.14), extraction efficiency (9–86%), loading ratio (0.09–0.7), and equilibrium constant (11.34–1.05). The mass action law model was also been applied and found the predicted value close with the experimental results. The mixer settler extraction in the series was used to achieve more than 98% separations of acid. Further, the conceptual approach for levulinic acid separation using mixer-settler reactor scheme is discussed and presented various design parameters including extraction efficiency, diffusion coefficient, extraction equilibrium constant, and loading ratio. This study decreases the industry downstream material and can be solved environmental pollution problems.
Source Apportionment, Ecological And Human Health Risks of Toxic Metals In Road Dust of Densely Populated Capital And Connected Major Highway of Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Md. Morshedul , Sultana Sajin , Niloy Nahin Mostofa , Quraishi Shamshad B. , Tareq Shafi M.
Published: September 2021

This study investigates pollution levels, source apportionment, ecological and human health risks associated with toxic metals (Pb, As, Hg, Cr, and Cd) in road dust from the most populated Dhaka city and a connected major highway in Bangladesh. The mean concentration of Pb, Hg, and Cd were 1.3, 29.3, and 13.2 times higher than their corresponding background values with spatially uneven distribution all over the study area. Metal pollution indices, the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), NIPI, PI, indicated extreme contamination at many sites depending on local environmental factors. The potential ecological risk (\({\text{E}}_{\text{r}}^{\text{i}})\) revealed that 84% and 54% of samples showed the extreme ecological risk for Hg and Cd pollution, respectively. On the other hand, the potential ecological risk index (PERI) and nemerow integrated risk index (NIRI) showed that most sampling sites suffered high to extreme ecological risk. Source apportionment using positive matrix factorization (PMF) identified coal combustion and gasoline (50.14%), traffic exhaust (35.26%), and industrial and agriculture activity (14.60%) were the main source of toxic metals of the study area. Non-carcinogenic health risk indicated that adults are more vulnerable than children, and hazard index (HI) of Hg for both age groups and Cd for adults were significantly higher than the safe level. The carcinogenic risk (CR) levels of toxic metals were acceptable (10− 6 to 10− 4), although the maximum limit of Cr for children and As for adults was close to the unacceptable limit (10− 4). Continual exposure to toxic metals through road dust might develop lifetime cancer risk in local inhabitants.
Heavy Metals Accumulation in Soil and Uptake by Barley (Hordeum Vulgare) Irrigated with Contaminated Water
Authors: Haddad Marwan , Nassar Doa , Shtaya Munqez
Published: September 2021

Impacts of nine heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, K, Fe, Mn, and Zn) contamination in irrigation water on soil, shoots and roots of barely was investigated. Due to fresh water shortages, the use of available and inexpensive urban wastewater with input from local industrial factories containing heavy metals in irrigation still practiced in the Middle East including Palestine. Barely was grown in plastic pots filled with sandy soil irrigated with simulated treated wastewater during two growing seasons. The metal treatments investigated include one, three, nine, and 15 multiples of average metal content of treated effluent. Results showed that (i) Barley showed similar growth responses but different metal uptake patterns, (ii) Cd, Fe, Pb and Zn in roots and shoots of barley were higher than WHO permissible levels, (iii) all metals accumulated in soil had lower content than WHO permissible levels, (iv) The average value of enrichment factor (EF) for most heavy metals used were around unity indicating poor enrichment to soil and translocation to roots and shoots, (v) The highest Translocation factor (TF=57.8) and Bioconcentration Factor (BCF=126.8) were observed for K indicating its role in enhancing barley's tolerance to drought and its effectiveness in using barley in phytoremediation, and (vi) Barley growth and development and soil quality parameters were significantly affected by repetitive and increased irrigation with wastewater containing heavy metals.
Benefits and Costs of Campaign-Style Environmental Implementation: Evidence from China’s Central Environmental Protection Inspection System
Authors: Pan Dan , Hong Wei
Published: September 2021

Campaign-style environmental implementation (CEI) is widely exerted in environmental protection, while its benefits and costs are controversial. We take advantage of the Central Environmental Protection Inspection (CEPI) System— a latest and distinguished form of CEI launched by China in 2016, as a quasi-natural experiment to compare the benefits and costs of CEI based on water pollution effects estimates. Our results based on the annual panel data from 500 cities during 2009-2018 show that CEPI significantly reduced water pollution by an average of 11.2%. Further cost-benefit analysis based on the estimates of water pollution reduction shows that the potential health benefits of mortality and morbidity reduction resulting from CEPI are at least $279.5 billion, which is greater than the $192.2 billion economic losses it causes. The gap is further magnified after considering the potential biases. We also explore why CEPI is cost-effective and find that CEPI reduces water pollution and becomes cost-effective mainly through deterring local officials, punishing polluting enterprises, and increasing public participation in environmental governance.