bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and Experimental: The Synthetic and Anion-Binding Properties of Tripodal Salicylaldehyde Derivatives
Authors: Xu Zhong-Jie , Zhang Li-Rong
Published: May 2016

A series of colorimetric anion probes 1–6 containing OH and NO2 groups were synthesized, and their recognition properties toward various anions were investigated by visual observation, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, fluorescence, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance titration spectra and theoretical investigation. Nanomaterials of three compounds 2–4 were prepared successfully. Four compounds 3–6 that contain electron-withdrawing substituents showed a high binding ability for AcO−. The host–guest complex formed through a 1:1 binding ratio, and color changes were detectable during the recognition process. Theoretical investigation analysis revealed that an intramolecular hydrogen bond existed in the structures of compounds and the roles of molecular frontier orbitals in molecular interplay. These studies suggested that this series of compounds could be used as colorimetric probes to detect of AcO−.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL COUPLED SOLUTION FOR THERMOELASTIC BEAMS VIA GENERALIZED DUAL-PHASE-LAGS MODEL
Authors: Zenkour Ashraf M.
Published: May 2016

The generalized thermoelastic problem of a thick-walled simply-supported beam subjected to different applied heat source and mechanical loads at its surfaces is studied. The thermoelastic coupling differential equations of motion of the beam are established. The generalized thermoelasticity based on the dual-phase-lags (DPLs) theory is considered to treat this problem. An exact 2-D coupled solution is presented to deduce analytical expressions for the temperature, displacements and stresses. The time-harmonic motion behavior as well as the thermal and mechanical conditions at the bounded faces of the beam is used for this purpose. The effect of the DPLs on the field quantities against the axial and normal directions of the beam under thermomechanical loads is discussed. Final investigations to various thermoelastic models are made.
CONSTRAINING GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES WITH FERMI-LAT; TENTATIVE DETECTION OF ARP 220
Authors: Griffin Rhiannon D. , Dai Xinyu , Thompson Todd A.
Published: May 2016

Star-forming galaxies produce gamma-rays primarily via pion production, resulting from inelastic collisions between cosmic-ray protons and the interstellar medium (ISM). The dense ISM and high star formation rates of luminous and ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs and ULIRGs) imply that they should be strong gamma-ray emitters, but so far only two LIRGs have been detected. Theoretical models for their emission depend on the unknown fraction of cosmic-ray protons that escape these galaxies before interacting. We analyze Fermi-LAT data for 82 of the brightest Infrared Astronomical Satellite LIRGs and ULIRGs. We examine each system individually and carry out a stacking analysis to constrain their gamma-ray fluxes. We report the detection of the nearest ULIRG Arp 220 (∼4.6σ). We observe a gamma-ray flux (0.8–100 GeV) of 2.4 × 10−10 phot cm−2 s−1 with a photon index of 2.23 (8.2 × 1041 erg s−1 at 77 Mpc). We also derive upper limits (ULs) for the stacked LIRGs and ULIRGs. The gamma-ray luminosity of Arp 220 and the stacked ULs agree with calorimetric predictions for dense star-forming galaxies. With the detection of Arp 220, we extend the gamma-ray–IR luminosity correlation to the high-luminosity regime with

log

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0.1
−
100

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=
1.25
×
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L

8
−
1000

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m

+
26.7

as well as the gamma-ray–radio continuum luminosity correlation with

log

L

0.1
−
100

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=
1.22
×
log

L

1.4

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+
13.3

. The current survey of Fermi-LAT is on the verge of detecting more LIRGs/ULIRGs in the local universe, and we expect even more detections with deeper Fermi-LAT observations or the next generation of gamma-ray detectors.
Haulotte : préparer le renouveau pendant la crise
Authors: Saubot Alexandre
Published: May 2016

Face à l’effondrement, en 2009, de son marché, Haulotte a recours au chômage partiel à hauteur de 50 à 75 % pendant dix-huit mois. Pour maintenir lien social et savoir-faire, un plan de formation est mis en place. Puis l’entreprise redémarre et devient leader européen.
La singulière aventure de Siel Bleu
Authors: Ricard Jean-Michel
Published: May 2016

En 1997, deux diplômés des sciences du sport créent l’association Siel Bleu pour aider les personnes âgées à maintenir leurs capacités physiques par une activité adaptée. Aujourd’hui, elle intervient dans toute la France et vient d’être auditionnée à Harvard...
A Review of the Social Entrepreneurship Phenomenon
Authors: Silva Andrea Carolina , Poza Carlos
Published: May 2016

Entrepreneurship analyzes a very wide field of study and, at the same time, it converges with many topics, including the characteristics of entrepreneur, conditions that favor entrepreneurship, resources and funding sources, legislation, family businesses, succession protocols, learning and teaching of creating enterprise, and typologies of entrepreneurship. Social entrepreneurship is characterized by its input in creating value, and given the activities carried out by entrepreneurs, they have a big social impact, especially in communities and vulnerable groups but not exclusively, as many social entrepreneurial initiatives are forms of social benefit, and they do not circumscribe to particular conditions of vulnerability.
From Corporate Social Responsibility to Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Asensio Eva , Perán Jesús , Rodríguez Yolanda
Published: May 2016

Corporate Social Responsibility has become more significant among companies and other institutions. Nevertheless, the traditional approach of corporate social responsibility, based on preventing the possible negative impact of irresponsible and unethical practices, is no longer enough. The profound socio-economic changes, accelerated as a result of the global economic crisis, demand a further step respect to corporate social responsibility paradigm linking to the so-called social entrepreneurship, understood here as the incorporation of new social demands to business models. This chapter aims to redefine the concept of social entrepreneurship from an eclectic point of view and present a methodological approach for their measurement as a tool for business strategic planning. The theoretical proposal of social entrepreneurship tries to link creating shared value concept with the stakeholder theory, paying special attention to the Social Return on Investment (SROI) method, together with neuroscientific approach, as tools for the measurement of social value.
Some Experiences of Puebla's Entrepreneurs in New York
Authors: Bravo Tomás Milton Muñoz , Tamayo Lizbeth Alicia González , Avilés Margarita Herrera
Published: May 2016

For decades, New York, and the tri-State area, has become a major attraction for Poblano immigrants seeking opportunities. Some of these immigrants, not only have worked to send remittances to their families in Mexico, but also have made their way to become productive, social and political entrepreneurs in the communities of destination and/or origin. But what are the conditions that have allowed certain Poblanos to become economic, political and social entrepreneurs in the so-called Big Apple and its surroundings? What have been the challenges they have had to overcome? And what is their relationship with their origin communities in Mexico? These are the main research questions of this study part.
Decision Support for Mental Health
Authors: Kalina Jan , Zvárová Jana
Published: May 2016

Decision support systems represent an important tool offering assistance with the decision making process in a variety of applications. This paper starts with recalling the basic principles and structure of decision support systems in medicine from a general perspective. Their effect in terms of both potential and limitations for finding the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy are overviewed from the points of view of health care effectiveness and patient safety. The authors are particularly interested in the specialty field of psychiatry. They discuss its specific challenges and analyze the slower penetration of telemedicine tools to psychiatry compared to other clinical fields. Finally, they claim that the development of decision support systems play a key role in the development of the concept of information-based medicine in general as well as to the particular context of information-based psychiatry.
Priming
Authors: Bermeitinger Christina
Published: May 2016

This chapter is about the wide variety of priming encountered in cognitive and social psychology. In cognitive psychology, the priming paradigm is mainly used to study memory phenomena or the pre-activation of concepts and motor reactions by related stimuli. In social psychology, the term priming is used for a broader range of phenomena in which an event triggers a subsequent behavior. In this chapter, some definitions of priming and the origin of the term's use in psychology are presented. Then, the chapter examines different types and variants of priming as well as their features and principal elements, using seven organizing principles. After this methodical and empirical classification, some important theories of response priming, semantic priming, affective/evaluative priming, negative priming, and macro-level priming are summarized. Last but not least, some general questions and problems in priming research are outlined and a brief outlook is given.
Critical Role of Emotions in Media Events
Authors: Verbalytė Monika
Published: May 2016

This contribution relates recent theoretizations of media events with the emotion theory in order to get a better picture of what role emotions play in these events. Critical view toward media events helps to understand the limitations of the claims made by those who established this concept 30 years ago: Rather than instances magically integrating society, media events are seen as struggles over the meaning in the contested media field where by far not every winning meaning enhances societal integration. Additionally, psychology and sociology of emotion gives a necessary foundation for the concise theory of emotions in the media events and guides the empirical inquiry into the subject by suggesting that research should focus on the arousing rhetoric as well as narratives interpreting this arousal and turning it into the specific emotion. The analyzed media event – political scandal – very well exemplifies the theoretical argument made in regard to media events, demonstrates the power of emotions in establishing particular versions of reality and illustrates what I call the recursive logic of media events: the fact that their meaning is established at the very end of their occurrence, whereas their event-ness is implied at the beginning with the intensive arousal attracting everyone's attention.
Exploring Boundaries to the Benefits of Lifelogging for Identity Maintenance for People with Dementia
Authors: Piasek Paulina , Irving Kate , Smeaton Alan F.
Published: May 2016

In the absence of a medical cure for some forms of memory loss caused by dementia, new technologies specialised in pervasive image recording are being incorporated into practical interventions. Lifelogging is the digital capture of life experiences typically using mobile devices such as SenseCam. This lightweight wearable digital camera passively captures up to 3,000 images a day. Lifelogging results in personal, recent visual prompts, potentially encouraging the sharing of personal memories. The authors' research investigated the incorporation of lifelogging technology into a therapeutic approach to support people with dementia by using the case study method, an exploratory and descriptive approach. SenseCam therapy aimed to stimulate the cognition of a person with dementia, with maintenance of their personal identity as its primary goal. There is limited literature on practical recommendations on how to use lifelogging devices and their effect on people with dementia. The results from the authors' research indicate a number of factors that should be considered when using lifelogging technology with people with dementia. This paper explores the boundaries to the benefits of using lifelogging technology for identity maintenance in dementia. Implications of not working within these boundaries show clear potential for risk of undermining the human rights and potentially the wellbeing of people with dementia.
Computational Analytical Framework for Affective Modeling
Authors: Hudlicka Eva
Published: May 2016

Computational affective models are being developed both to elucidate affective mechanisms, and to enhance believability of synthetic agents and robots. Yet in spite of the rapid growth of computational affective modeling, no systematic guidelines exist for model design and analysis. Lack of systematic guidelines contributes to ad hoc design practices, hinders model sharing and re-use, and makes systematic comparison of existing models and theories challenging. Lack of a common computational terminology also hinders cross-disciplinary communication that is essential to advance our understanding of emotions. In this chapter the author proposes a computational analytical framework to provide a basis for systematizing affective model design by: (1) viewing emotion models in terms of two core types: emotion generation and emotion effects, and (2) identifying the generic computational tasks necessary to implement these processes. The chapter then discusses how these computational ‘building blocks' can support the development of design guidelines, and a systematic analysis of distinct emotion theories and alternative means of their implementation.
Emotions and Social Evolution
Authors: Casacuberta D. , Vallverdú J.
Published: May 2016

Emotion and social processes are evolutionarily intertwined. In this chapter, the authors present their TPR, TPR 2.0 and The Game of Emotions simulations along with the justification of necessary ideas in order to achieve the next level of research. This chapter describes a defense of the epistemological value of computer simulations for the analysis of emotions and social interactions. Finally, the elements of the model are described and defined with a sketch of the basic control algorithm.
Towards Emotion Classification Using Appraisal Modeling
Authors: de Vries Gert-Jan , Lemmens Paul , Brokken Dirk , Pauws Steffen , Biehl Michael
Published: May 2016

The authors studied whether a two-step approach based on appraisal modeling could help in improving performance of emotion classification from sensor data that is typically executed in a one-stage approach in which sensor data is directly classified into a (discrete) emotion label. The proposed intermediate step is inspired by appraisal models in which emotions are characterized using appraisal dimensions, and subdivides the task in a person-dependent and person-independent stage. In this paper, the authors assessed feasibility of this second stage: the classification of emotion from appraisal data. They applied a variety of machine learning techniques and used visualization techniques to gain further insight into the classification task. Appraisal theory assumes the second step to be independent of the individual. Results obtained are promising, but do indicate that not all emotions can be equally well classified, perhaps indicating that the second stage is not as person-independent as proposed in the literature.
Visualization of Neuro-Fuzzy Networks Training Algorithms
Authors: Plerou Antonia , Vlamou Elena , Papadopoulos Basil
Published: May 2016

The fusion of Artificial Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic Systems allows researchers to model real world problems through the development of intelligent and adaptive systems. Artificial Neural networks are able to adapt and learn by adjusting the interconnections between layers while fuzzy logic inference systems provide a computing framework based on the concept of fuzzy set theory, fuzzy if-then rules, and fuzzy reasoning. The combined use of those adaptive structures is known as “Neuro-Fuzzy” systems. In this chapter, the basic elements of both approaches are analyzed while neuro-fuzzy networks learning algorithms are presented. Here, we combine the use of neuro-fuzzy algorithms with multimedia-based signals for training. Ultimately this process may be employed for automatic identification of patterns introduced in medical applications and more specifically for analysis of content produced by brain imaging processes.
Control Mechanism of Identity Theft and Its Integrative Impact on Consumers' Purchase Intention in E-Commerce
Authors: Shareef Mahmud A. , Kumar Vinod , Kumar Uma
Published: May 2016

There are many collection and application sources of identity theft. The Internet is one of the vulnerable medias for identity theft and is used, especially, as an application source of identity theft. This current chapter has twofold objectives. As the first objective, it develops a conceptual framework to prevent/control identity theft of E-Commerce (EC) in conjunction with different sources if identity theft. From this framework and shedding light on the recent literature of sources of identity theft, the authors identify global laws, controls placed on organizations, publications to develop awareness, technical management, managerial policy, risk management tools, data management, and control over employees are the potential measuring items to prevent identity theft in EC. All EC organizations are struggling to control identity theft. This chapter argues that control mechanism of identity theft has both positive and negative impact on EC. This chapter sets its second objective to explore the integrative effect of overall identity theft control mechanism on consumer trust, the cost of products/services, and operational performance, all of which in turn contribute to a purchase intention using E-Commerce (EC). A case study in banking sector through a qualitative approach was conducted to verify the proposed relations, constructs, and measuring items.
Virtual Environments, Online Racial Discrimination, and Adjustment among a Diverse, School-Based Sample of Adolescents
Authors: Tynes Brendesha M. , Rose Chad A. , Hiss Sophia , Umaña-Taylor Adriana J. , Mitchell Kimberly , Williams David
Published: May 2016

Given the recent rise in online hate activity and the increased amount of time adolescents spend with media, more research is needed on their experiences with racial discrimination in virtual environments. This cross-sectional study examines the association between amount of time spent online, traditional and online racial discrimination and adolescent adjustment, including depressive symptoms, anxiety and externalizing behaviors. The study also explores the role that social identities, including race and gender, play in these associations. Online surveys were administered to 627 sixth through twelfth graders in K-8, middle and high schools. Multiple regression results revealed that discrimination online was associated with all three outcome variables. Additionally, a significant interaction between online discrimination by time online was found for externalizing behaviors indicating that increased time online and higher levels of online discrimination are associated with more problem behavior. This study highlights the need for clinicians, educational professionals and researchers to attend to race-related experiences online as well as in traditional environments.
The Role of Students' Personality Traits in the Effective Use of Social Networking Sites in the Educational Context
Authors: Burusic Josip , Karabegovic Mia
Published: May 2016

By critically reviewing the theory and previous research in the domains of education, personality psychology, and Social Networking Sites (SNS), this chapter investigates the implications of educational SNS use for students with different personality structures. Conscientiousness is shown to be crucial for academic performance, with indications that neuroticism, agreeableness, and openness are important as well. With regard to SNS use in schools, the authors give a short review of the existing studies, which yielded contradictory findings when it comes to SNS's effect on academic achievement, but are fairly in agreement about students' positive attitudes toward their use in schools. As the main purpose, the authors present personality-related findings and make predictions about the benefits of educational SNS use for introverted and highly neurotic students and those with low self-esteem. They conclude that introducing SNS into the educational context would be valuable for all students, especially with regard to giving them equal chances in realizing their potential.
Individual Differences and Educational Leadership
Authors: Kanape-Willingshofer Anna , Bergner Sabine
Published: May 2016

The chapter discusses the relevance of individual differences in personality traits for the study of school leadership, especially with regard to leadership success. Findings from psychological leadership research have shown that, amongst others, personality, cognitive and emotional intelligence, as well as creativity predict leadership outcome variables. The authors investigate how far these traits have been able to predict leadership success across different occupations and also across different situational and methodological conditions. In addition, studies on the relationship of individual trait differences and school principals' effectiveness are discussed. The chapter shows that individual differences research holds potential for educational leadership, but further studies are needed to draw conclusions about the potential cognitive ability, personality traits, emotional intelligence, as well as creativity hold for predicting leadership success of school principals.
Product Placement in Video Games
Authors: Küster Inés , Vila Natalia , Hernández Asunción , Canales Pedro , Castillo Vicente
Published: May 2016

Organizations look for new ways of communication as traditional media is being saturated with advertising messages. One of the alternatives is product placement in video games. This chapter analyses this new communication alternative. Moreover, through an investigation the chapter shows the consequences of placing a brand in this form of electronic entertainment – in the sense of image transfer from the video game to the brand. Specifically, this chapter focuses on the emotions evoked by the video game. Therefore, the present study develops a scale of emotions adapted to the theme of this research. Additionally, this study analyses the differences between types of product placement and their effects in the image transfer. All conclusions are extracted from the concept map technique.
Cloud-Based Identity and Identity Meta-Data
Authors: Spyra Grzegorz , Buchanan William J. , Cruickshank Peter , Ekonomou Elias
Published: May 2016

This paper proposes a new identity, and its underlying meta-data, model. The approach enables secure spanning of identity meta-data across many boundaries such as health-care, financial and educational institutions, including all others that store and process sensitive personal data. It introduces the new concepts of Compound Personal Record (CPR) and Compound Identifiable Data (CID) ontology, which aim to move toward own your own data model. The CID model ensures authenticity of identity meta-data; high availability via unified Cloud-hosted XML data structure; and privacy through encryption, obfuscation and anonymity applied to Ontology-based XML distributed content. Additionally CID via XML ontologies is enabled for identity federation. The paper also suggests that access over sensitive data should be strictly governed through an access control model with granular policy enforcement on the service side. This includes the involvement of relevant access control model entities, which are enabled to authorize an ad-hoc break-glass data access, which should give high accountability for data access attempts.
Critical Thinking, Instruction, and Professional Development for Schools in the Digital Age
Authors: Coleman Howard V. , Dickerson Jeremy , Dotterer Dennis
Published: May 2016

This chapter presents theories, issues and practices for creating effective, technologically rich learning environments in schools. In the digital age, teachers and school leaders must work together to ensure the development of higher level critical thinking skills for students. Using Bloom's Revised Taxonomy of Knowledge and Webb's Depth of Knowledge as theoretical guides, this chapter discusses how teachers may move towards more flexible, student-centered instructional models rather than traditional teacher-centered methodologies. Guiding questions are presented to assist teachers in determining what to consider when designing technology-enhanced instruction to promote higher level critical thinking skills. Topics include a review of technological factors influencing technology integration, modifications of teacher practices to best match the changing culture in K-12 classrooms, examinations of pedagogical practices in techno-centric classrooms, current and future professional development needs for teachers, and the importance of assessment and evaluation in monitoring the effectiveness of instructional practices in 21st Century learning environments.
Self-Directed Learning in Family Medicine
Authors: Barrett Theresa J.
Published: May 2016

Self-directed learners are able to recognize their learning needs, set their learning goals, identify the resources necessary to accomplish those goals, implement learning strategies, and evaluate the results of their efforts (Brockett & Hiemstra, 1991). Self-directedness is a skill that many adult learners possess. In an age when biomedical knowledge is increasing at a pace never before seen in human history, being a self-directed learner is not just a necessary skill, it is a critical one for family physicians. This chapter provides a brief overview of several self-directed learning models and the characteristics of self-directed learners, discusses self-directed learning in the context of continuing medical education, and provides an assessment of family physicians as self-directed learners.
The Benefits and Challenges of Study Abroad in Teacher Education in a Neoliberal Context
Authors: Dockrill Hannah , Rahatzad Jubin , Phillion JoAnn
Published: May 2016

In this chapter the authors review literature--primarily within the field of teacher education--and present their own data about the benefits and challenges of study abroad. Drawing from the literature and data collected over eleven years of Purdue University's Honduras Study Abroad, the authors pragmatically doubt the often unquestioned benefits or transformative nature of study abroad programs. The authors argue that while international cross-cultural experiences can result in increased multicultural awareness, it is important that study abroad participants are encouraged to critically examine the reasons they are going abroad, the neoliberal context in which they study abroad, and the manner in which they process their assumptions and experiences in the host country in relation to their own identity. The authors offer suggestions for improvement for those wanting to integrate more intentional reflection and critical curriculum.
A Professional Development Framework for the Flipped Classroom Model
Authors: Katz Anne , Brown Tricia Muldoon , Kim Jackie HeeYoung
Published: May 2016

A major goal of K-12 education is to create a student-centered classroom where educators are teaching to increase critical thinking skills, promote problem-based learning, and differentiate instruction. However, the reality is that many educators are challenged by the difficult task of creating such a learning environment in their classrooms. In this chapter, the authors will introduce a Flipped Classroom Professional Development project, a Title II Part A Higher Education Improving Teacher Quality State Grant initiative. This project centered on two goals. First, the authors sought to teach the flipped classroom model through an integrated literacy and math approach while “mathematizing” read-aloud instruction for primary and elementary grade educators. Secondly, the chapter describes efforts to expand teachers' repertoire of effective instructional, blended technology tools for teaching math and literacy. The authors will conclude with the potential of the Flipped Classroom model in K-5 settings based upon this professional development framework.
Instructional Design for the Technological Learning Environment
Authors: Williams Demetrick
Published: May 2016

Education is constantly changing to not only meet the ever changing needs of the global business environment, but to also meet the needs of the students. The needs of the students are constantly changing because of technology and increasingly diverse backgrounds and cultures that change the ways education occurs. Studies have shown that the demands continue to grow for education to continue to transform to meet the needs of today's diverse technological learners. Faculty, teachers, and instructional designers must adapt to the evolution of the learning environment. The purpose of this chapter is to aid faculty and teachers in the design of curriculum for tomorrow's students, by adding them with the trial and error of the development phase. The two objectives are to aid in the development of instructional design along with further meeting the needs of our students and to help remove some of the trial and error in the development process.
Redesigning Teacher Education Programs to Meet the Needs of Today's Second Career Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Dickenson Patricia
Published: May 2016

Research suggests the fastest growing group in teacher training programs is second career teachers (Brooks & Hill, 2004). This chapter examines the profiles of second-career pre-service teachers in a blended online program in Silicon Valley, California. Participants' motivations and reasons for becoming an educator were examined from a sociocultural lens to understand how economic, social, and cultural factors might influence their decision to enter the teaching profession. In addition, formative, social, and personal experiences provide insight as to why this group selected a non-traditional teacher education program, and what prior skills and experiences they bring to the teaching profession.
Systematic Support for STEM Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Rogers Reenay R.H. , Winship Jodie , Sun Yan
Published: May 2016

Developing a strong STEM teacher workforce is essential to improve K-12 (kindergarten to 12th grade) STEM education and to strengthen the STEM talent pipeline in the United States. Based on the successful experience in Project Engage, a grant funded by the U.S. Department of Education, this chapter proposes an authentic and sustainable four-pillar STEM professional development model. Grounded on social constructivist and interactive approaches, this professional development model is intended to cultivate STEM pre-service teachers' ability to provide K-12 students with authentic STEM learning experience as defined in the four types of authenticity (i.e., context authenticity, task authenticity, impact authenticity, and personal/value authenticity) identified by Strobel and his colleagues (Strobel, Wang, Weber, & Dyehouse, 2013).
Developing Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Elementary Education Programs
Authors: Polly Drew , Binns Ian C. , Putman S. Michael , Rock Tracy C. , Good Amy J.
Published: May 2016

The digital age requires teacher education programs to constantly evaluate and revise their programs and courses, particularly with reference to guiding teacher candidates towards integrating current and emerging technologies. This designed-based research study demonstrates how state-wide mandates to revise teacher education programs were used in promoting subsequent revisions influencing the course components and teacher candidates' development of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). Cases of four undergraduate elementary education courses and the advanced licensure elementary education program are described. The cross case analysis reveals the subsequent influence on the program for improving the TPACK preparation of the teacher candidates. The chapter concludes with implications for teacher educators and leaders of teacher education programs.
Expanding Opportunities in Teacher Education
Authors: Mitchell Donna Mathewson
Published: May 2016

Initial teacher education has a critical role in preparing future teachers. In an era of increasing distance education, an additional challenge is to effectively prepare pre-service teachers who connect with higher education in an online environment. The diversity of the higher education student cohort studying by distance is significant and can easily be rendered invisible through the ‘facelessness' of digital technology. In addressing this challenge, this chapter outlines an innovative program undertaken in two secondary visual arts curriculum subjects delivered in distance mode in a graduate-entry teaching course. The innovation models a practice-based partnership involving higher education and community and culminates in a professional student exhibition. Outcomes include: positive student experience; high levels of achievement; increased civic consciousness and involvement; meaningful integration of cross-curriculum perspectives; and sustained focus on teaching practice. The program provides an example of an integrated use of technology to enhance university teaching and learning with the aim of informing future K-12 educational possibilities.
Modeling Digital Work and Learning
Authors: Hoyt Mei Wu
Published: May 2016

This chapter compares preservice teachers' knowledge, skills, and their pedagogical use of digital technologies in the areas of Web 2.0, multimedia production, and online collaboration. Preservice teachers in a large public university participated in the survey; the results show mixed findings and significant correlations between their pedagogical uses in the three research areas. In-depth interviews were conducted to examine these subjects' knowledge, digital production, and online collaboration both in and out of the classroom in order to identify the digital tools and resources they applied during their student teaching, as well as to understand how they perceived their teacher preparation coursework's impact on their digital competence and proficiency. Recommendations for educating 21st-century teachers and modeling digital-age teaching practices are provided in this chapter.
Responsive Practices in Online Teacher Education
Authors: Jóhannsdóttir Thurídur
Published: May 2016

The chapter describes research on the development of teaching and learning in a distance teacher education programme in Iceland. The focus is on challenges that school-based student teachers faced in learning to become online students and the way in which their experience of teaching in schools contributed to the development of teaching and learning in the programme. Cultural-historical activity theory was used for analysing the development of individuals and activity systems as a dialectical process. The expansive learning theory directed the contradiction analysis to reveal tensions and challenges in the development of practice within the programme, as well as future developmental possibilities. Data includes interviews with school-based student teachers and observation of face-to-face sessions, as well as transcriptions of online courses. Results indicate that a combination of non-traditional student groups and new online tools called for changed practice in teacher education and that a new model of teaching and learning is emerging. In order to develop this model, schools and the teacher education faculty need to look at the education of student teachers as a shared responsibility and negotiate acceptable arrangements for the institutions involved.
Current Economic and Political Dispensation and Teacher Education Programs in Niger Delta Region
Authors: Ololube Nwachukwu Prince , Major Nanighe Baldwin , Kpolovie Peter James
Published: May 2016

In this chapter we highlighted the impact of the current economic and political dispensation in Nigeria and its impact on teacher education programs and the means of enhancing teacher education in the Niger Delta region. This paper is a conceptual and methodological breakthrough in Nigeria's academic landscape where qualitative and quantitative experiences highlight issues that are pertinent to teacher education program in the Niger Delta. The chapter proposed that the Niger Delta region's and the entire Nigeria's teacher education programs would be advanced if the component parts of the current economic and political disposition are resolved. This chapter contends that the Niger Delta region has the potential to address the challenges currently faced in the region such as social disruption (violence threat), poverty, hunger, disease, conflict, marginalization, and the achievement and improvement for effective teacher education programs. This chapter is of the immense judgment that successfully addressing the challenges currently faced in the Niger Delta region, teacher education programs will greatly improve qualitatively and quantitatively.
Evolving Pedagogy and Practice
Authors: Hennessey Susan , Olofson Mark W. , Swallow Meredith J. C. , Downes John M.
Published: May 2016

This chapter presents qualitative research describing the pedagogy of middle grades mathematics teachers who participated in professional development in conjunction with classroom integration of 1:1 technology. Through a multiple-case study design, the expression and development of teacher pedagogy that occurred as teachers created self-designed action research projects grounded in pedagogical goals is illustrated. The use of action research in these four case studies as a vehicle for professional growth and as a reflective evaluation tool is discussed. When viewed through the lens of the TPACK framework (Mishra & Koehler, 2006), data suggest a technology-mediated shift in pedagogy in the area of differentiation in instruction and assessment in mathematics classrooms. Future implications regarding technology integration, professional development programs, and the use of the TPACK as a descriptive tool are considered.
Teachers' Use of Social Networking Sites for Continuing Professional Development
Authors: Xerri Daniel
Published: May 2016

On the basis of the results of a study conducted amongst secondary school teachers of English in Malta, this chapter explores the use of Social Networking Sites (SNS) for professional development purposes. In the digital era, SNS provide teachers with the opportunity of creating a Personal Learning Network (PLN), which is an increasingly significant way of acquiring new knowledge and enhancing pedagogical skills while also having the capacity of making teachers feel they belong to a Community of Practice (CoP). This chapter shows how despite their regular use of SNS for personal reasons, teachers do not always exploit these sites to achieve professional development. It is argued that training is a necessary means of not only enabling teachers to learn how to use such tools for such a purpose but also of redefining the way they think about the process of acquiring and sharing knowledge and skills in the 21st century.
Nothing Random about Taste
Authors: Wigfall Jacqueline
Published: May 2016

In our digital age, “Is there an app for that?” gets asked and answered for books, but not the canon, until the invention of an online, tessellating medium of personal choice expansion called TasteKid. Its voter-influenced algorithm continuously updates users' personalized canons seeded from whatever writer or title they choose. This atypical engendering of literacy challenges—perhaps inadvertently—what the canon is and how it can be experienced for readers new to critical or cultural literacy and Toni Morrison fans alike. In fact, her works get linked to other media by the thumbs up or down responses of site visitors. In this way, technology eclipses the canon's previous assumption of “the center” because only a reader's choice can occupy it. Likewise, with the distance between authors decreasing, (at the pace of the site visitors' unpredictable orders), the obsolescence of “margins” effects a power shift.
Re-Routing the Masculinity Myths in Bangladeshi Fashion Adverts
Authors: Mou Nusrat Zahan , Islam Md. Shafiqul
Published: May 2016

This chapter aims to focus on the impacts of some particular fashion adverts which are breaking the prevalent ideas regarding ‘the representation of men' on Bangladeshi youths of different ages and areas by making a survey on the youths studying at different Bangladeshi universities. The media of the western countries are acquainted with these types of representation of men while the Bangladeshi media has let its viewers know about this lately through different advertisements specially fashion adverts. This new type of representation of men and “masculinity” or the emergence of “Metrosexual men” in the Bangladeshi media has its own impacts on the youths of Bangladesh whether it is about creating a new concept or it is only about dealing with the consumer culture. However, this chapter points to highlight on the fact that to what extent the concepts of the urban Bangladeshi youths (both male and female of different ages and areas) are molded by the emergence of this type of adverts in Bangladeshi media.
The Self of the Camera
Authors: Shang Gilbert Ndi
Published: May 2016

This chapter examines the revolution in self-representation across the cyber-space engendered by the advent of new interactive social medias. It argues that in the attempt to face the challenges of self-imaging in everyday life and in an era where discourses of “identities in flux” have become the norm, photographic trends on Facebook usage seek to portray a sense of coherence of the self through popular media practices. In this dimension, the new media spaces have provided a propitious space of autobiographic self-showing-narrating through a mixture of photos/texts in a way that deconstructs the privileges of self-narration hitherto available only to a privileged class of people. The self (and primarily the face) has thus become subject to a dynamic of personal and amateurish artistic practices that represent, from an existentialist perspective, the daily practices of self-making, un-making and re-making in articulating one's (social) being.
Securing Financial Transactions on the Internet
Authors: Balasubramanian Kannan
Published: May 2016

Securing payment information on the Internet is challenging work. With proper care, attention to detail, and selection and use of the right tools, e-commerce site administrators can indeed ensure privacy and integrity of data for both their employers and customers alike. Remember that any security solution requires constant attention or it risks becoming a problem in and of itself. Secure payment processing environments rely on careful separation of activities where a “defense in depth” approach can help to shield you from threats coming from the Internet.
Implementing Security in Wireless MANs
Authors: Balasubramanian Kannan
Published: May 2016

The wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs) based on the 802.16 technology have recently gained a lot of interest among vendors and ISPs as the possible next development in wireless IP offering and a possible solution for the last mile Access problem. With the theoretical speed of up to 75 Mbps and with a range of several miles, 802.16 broadband wireless offers an alternative to cable modem and DSL, possibly displacing these technologies in the future. We discuss implementing security in wireless MANs with the PKM protocol that is used in 802.16 for key management and security associations management. Since device certificates are defined by the IEEE 802.16 standard, we briefly cover the issue of certificates and certificate hierarchies.
A Review of Grade Appeals Informing Productivity and Efficiency in Teaching
Authors: Pacis Dina , Sytsma Cindy , Keough Penelope
Published: May 2016

Productivity and efficiency are critical aspects to effective teaching and quality learning for students. Nationwide demands for school accountability in the United States has placed a heavy focus on ways to improve the quality of teaching. One area explored to inform effective teaching is the process of grade appeal grievances. The very existence of the grade appeals process implies a lack of satisfaction on the part of the students resulting in decreased teaching efficacy on the part of instructors, who must then problem-solve the grade issues. This chapter will provide a history of how grade appeals are perceived by students, instructors and the United States legal system, in addition to why students file grade appeals and the various ways these issues can be resolved. An examination of why students file the appeals aligned with best instructional practices for online teaching to avoid grade appeals will be provided.
Utilizing Social Media to Engage Students in Online Learning
Authors: Bender Sara , Dickenson Patricia
Published: May 2016

There is a large body of research suggesting that online students feel disconnected from their academic institutions. This sense of detachment may elicit feelings of frustration and isolation, as well as contribute to academic failure. Students' success and satisfaction in the online learning environment may be contingent upon the type of interaction between the student, faculty member, and their classroom peers. Online instructors are challenged with finding the means to bridge the gap of physical space to create authentic relationships. Social media, especially social networking, holds much promise for creating a space where emotional engagement between the instructor and students can be facilitated beyond the virtual classroom. The aim of this chapter is to share best practices in social media to engage the online student in a manner that is both productive and efficient.
Micro-Feedback via the Cloud
Authors: McMillan Tyson DeShaun
Published: May 2016

This chapter emphasizes online tools and techniques for capturing instantaneous electronic student feedback, sustainable online teacher monitoring of student feedback, and on-demand teacher access to spreadsheet data for analysis. This chapter presents muddiest point feedback data as described in Mosteller as a possible avenue for effectively and efficiently capturing points of confusion of online students. Traditional methods for feedback collection involve gathering feedback at fixed intervals in the semester that are limited by the on-campus class time interval or are paper-based. The method of this chapter involves collecting feedback via an online form situated in the cloud. The online teacher can then access and assess the feedback data at regular intervals as the teacher's schedule permits from any computer or mobile device thereby saving valuable time. The chapter focuses on online tools and techniques for: Google Drive™ cloud-based forms, Google Drive™ cloud-based spreadsheets, and sustainable monitoring of online student responses.
Facilitating Game Design in the Online Classroom
Authors: Altamirano Nelson , Radhakrishnan Ben , Jaurez James J.
Published: May 2016

Student game design and play represent a powerful means for encouraging advanced interactivity, development of critical thinking, and deeper learning in the classroom. Orchestrating the details, milestones, examples, and teams in the online setting can be challenging. Through clearly presented game models, tight integration with course content, and class coordination created specifically for design teams, the Game Design Methodology (GDM) provides a solid framework for teachers and learners to progress through the game making process and successfully achieve course outcomes. Through the use of case studies, this book chapter will outline the tools, techniques, and performance outcomes that instructors need to plan, implement, and facilitate the use of GDM in their online classes.