bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon Dots as New Building Blocks for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhai Yunpu , Zhang Baowei , Shi Run , Zhang Shuaiyang , Liu Yuan , Wang Boyang , Zhang Kan , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Zhang Tierui , Lu Siyu
Published: December 2021

In recent years, research into the synthesis and applications of 0D carbon dots (CDs) has blossomed into a vibrant and exciting new research field. CDs possess diverse and fascinating chemical, structural, and optical characteristics, which can be exploited in both fundamental research and applied areas. In particular, their superior electrochemical activity and ease‐of‐modification make CDs very promising electrode materials in electrocatalysis and electrical energy storage. This review seeks to provide an overview of the latest ground‐breaking research relating to the utilization of CDs in electrochemical processes and energy storage, thus providing a timely snapshot of recent advancements in this area. To begin, advances in CDs synthesis methods, CDs structural characteristics, and CDs modification/functionalization strategies are explored, with a view toward structure‐property relationships. Next, the performance of CDs in various electrochemical energy‐related applications are summarized, including H2 evolution, O2 evolution/reduction, CO2 reduction, batteries and supercapacitors. Finally, the future challenges and opportunities for CDs‐based energy materials and devices are surveyed.
Exploring the synergism between surface liming and nitrogen fertilization in no‐till system
Authors: Crusciol Carlos Alexandre Costa , Bossolani João William , Portugal José Roberto , Moretti Luiz Gustavo , Momesso Letusa , de Campos Murilo , Costa Nídia Raquel , Volf Marcelo Raphael , Calonego Juliano Carlos , Rosolem Ciro Antonio
Published: December 2021

Surface liming to correct soil acidity may have limited effectiveness in subsurface layers in no‐till systems (NTS). The possibility of downward movement may be increased when liming is combined with fertilization with urea (ammoniacal N), as NO3– formed by nitrification of NH4+ can form ion pairs with exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+. Liming can also increase the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crops and reduce dependence on soil N. In this work, we investigated the effects of surface application of lime under NTS and N topdressing on soil chemical properties and the nutrition, productivity, and NUE of maize (Zea mays L.) and upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). The treatments comprised four lime rates applied superficially (0, 1,500, 3,000, and 6,000 kg ha–1), and absence (–N) or presence of N fertilization (+N) as urea by topdressing. The treatments were applied during two agricultural years (2011/2012 and 2012/2013), with maize in the first crop season and upland rice in the second crop season. At 18 mo after liming, the application of 6,000 kg lime ha–1 significantly improved the chemical attributes of the soil (pH, soil organic matter (SOM), K, Ca2+, Mg2+, and base saturation [BS]). The application of urea increased the mobility of Ca2+ and Mg2+ to greater depths. The combination of 3,000 kg lime ha–1 with N fertilization synergistically increased the nutrition (N, P, and S), grain yield, and N‐related efficiency indexes in the maize and upland rice crops.
Convenient Access to Ester‐Containing Quinolinones through a Sequential Radical Alkoxycarbonylation/Cyclization/Hydrolysis Process
Authors: Guo Sa , Wang Xin , Zhao Dongyang , Zhang Zhiguo , Zhang Guisheng , Tang Shi , Sun Kai
Published: December 2021

Here, we report a sequential radical alkoxycarbonylation/cyclization/hydrolysis reaction with carbazates as eco‐friendly ester sources. Various structurally diverse ester‐substituted quinolinones were obtained in moderate to high yields. Easy scale‐up operation and the potential for product derivatization, such as hydrolysis, reduction and dealkylation, make this method attractive for the preparation of other valuable ester‐containing N‐heterocycles. Mechanistic studies suggest that the catalytic system involves a radical pathway.
A Squeezed Vacuum State Laser with Zero Diffusion from Cavity Losses
Authors: de Oliveira Neto Flávio , Dias de Moraes Neto Gentil , Hassan Youssef Moussa Miled
Published: December 2021

A method for building a squeezed vacuum state laser with zero diffusion from cavity losses is proposed. The method results from the introduction of a particular reservoir engineering technique into the laser theory, with the construction of an effective atom‐field interaction. By building an isomorphism between the cavity field operators in both the effective and the Jaynes–Cummings interactions, the equations of the effective laser are then derived directly from conventional laser theory. The distinctive characteristic of the laser method is that the required nonlinearity for light squeezing, usually achieved through a χ(2) crystal, is here replaced by the atom‐field effective interaction itself; the same nonlinearity needed for achieving a nonequilibrium steady state. The method can be extended for the construction of other nonclassical state lasers, and the present squeezed vacuum laser can contribute to the newly emerging field of gravitational wave interferometry.
A promising strategy for increasing phosphorescent quantum yield: The ligand 10‐cyclic chelate of the tetradentate Pt(II) complex
Authors: Gao Jiaxing , Shi Xiaodong , Luo Yafei , Zhang Zelan , Wang Yueteng , Liang Li , He Gang , Liu Wei , Tang Dianyong , Hu Jianping
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) were used to deeply investigate the photophysical properties and radiative and non‐radiative processes of tetradentate Pt(II) complexes with 10‐ and 11‐cyclic chelate ligands. According to the calculated results, the cyclization of ligand can distinctly influence on the emission wavelengths of complexes. In addition, due to the larger spin density, spin–orbit coupling (SOC) matrix element, and smaller metal‐centered d–d excited states (3MC) character, singlet–triplet splitting energy (∆E(Sn − T1)), the radiation rate constant (
 = 5.9E + 04) of the 10‐cyclic chelate ligand complex is significantly higher than that of the 11‐cyclic chelate ligand complex (
 = 1.9E + 04). In the case of temperature‐dependent non‐radiative process, compared with 11‐cyclic chelate ligand complex, 10‐cyclic chelate ligand complex should possess the larger non‐radiative rate because of the lower energy barrier from the excited state to 3MC. What's more, the 10‐cyclic chelate ligand complex has small Huang–Rhys factor, which suggests that the 10‐cyclic chelate ligand complex has better rigidity and color purity. This investigation could provide some useful information for designing the high‐performance organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) materials.
A monomolecular intumescent flame retardant for improvement simultaneously of fire safety, smoke suppression, and mechanical properties of epoxy resin
Authors: Li Dongsheng , Zhang Zhiyong , Wang Siqi , Xu Miaojun , Li Bin
Published: December 2021

In this article, a monomolecular intumescent flame retardant 1,4‐bis (diethyl methylenephosphonate) piperazine defined as BDEMPP was introduced into epoxy resins (EP) thermosets. The fire safety, combustion behavior, thermal properties, mechanical performance, transparency, and flame‐retardant mechanism of EP/BDEMPP thermoset were investigated systematically. The EP thermosets passed UL‐94 V‐1 level with the limit oxygen index value of 28.3%, and the release of heat and smoke were inhibited when 9 wt% BDEMPP was added. Moreover, the tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, charpy impact strength of EP/9 wt% BDEMPP were increased by 15.0%, 22.4%, 15.4%, 15.6%, and 22.6% in comparison of pure EP thermosets, respectively. EP/BDEMPP composites possessed good transparency and the transmittance of EP/9 wt% BDEMPP was 87.1% at 600 nm UV irradiation. The investigation of flame retardant mechanisms demonstrated BDEMPP exerted flame retardant effect both in gaseous and condensed phase. BDEMPP exhibited good compatibility, flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical enhancement for EP thermosets.
Sequence analysis and crystal structure of a glycosylated protease from Euphorbia resinifera latex for its proteolytic activity aspect
Authors: Siritapetawee Jaruwan , Attarataya Jakrada , Charoenwattanasatien Ratana
Published: December 2021

The investigation of a plant glycosylated serine protease (EuRP‐61) isolated from Euphorbia resinifera latex for potential antiplatelet and anticoagulation activities has been previously reported. In the present study, the protein sequence and native crystal structure of EuRP‐61 were characterized. The structure was identified using single‐wavelength anomalous diffraction with a refinement resolution of 1.7 Å (PDB ID: 7EOX). The main structural components of EuRP‐61 were composed of three domains: catalytic, protease‐associated (PA), and fibronectin type III (Fn3)‐like domains. The crystal structure revealed that some loops in the PA and catalytic domains of EuRP‐61 were different from the other subtilisin‐like proteases (cucumisin and SBT3). These different loops might be involved in the general monomer formation of EuRP‐61, substrate specificity, and maintenance of the catalytic domain. The Fn3‐like domain may provide flexibility to the enzyme to bind with various substrates and cell receptors. Additionally, the active site of EuRP‐61 consisted of the catalytic triad of Ser434, His106, and Asp32, similar to other serine proteases. The present study provides additional information and insight into the protease and antithrombotic activities of EuRP‐61, which could contribute to further development of this enzyme for biomedical treatment.
Al2S3 Cathode for Rechargeable Aluminum‐Sulfur Batteries with Improved Cycling Reversibility
Authors: Guo Yue , Hu Zhiqiu , Cui Yi , Wang Jiawei , Jin Song , Peng Zhangquan , Ji Hengxing
Published: December 2021

Rechargeable aluminum‐sulfur (Al−S) batteries are regarded as the potential choice for next‐generation energy storage system with advantages of high theoretical energy density (1340 Wh kg−1), the earth abundance of the constituent electrode materials, and safe operation. Whereas the electrochemical performance of Al−S batteries is beset by its poor reversibility. In this article, we demonstrate a highly reversible Al−S battery with Al2S3 as the cathode. Mechanistic studies with electrochemical and spectroscopic methodologies identified that the enhancement in reversibility by Al2S3 cathode is attributed to the circumvention of the sluggish conversion of polysulfides to sulfur. Al2S3 cathode undergoes a faster solid to liquid conversion reaction (Al2S3↔polysulfide) than that of the sulfur cathode that suffers from slow kinetic process of solid‐to‐solid conversion (S↔Al2S3). Thus, Al−S battery composed of Al2S3 cathode delivers a highly reversible electrochemical reaction with the average Coulombic efficiency >95 % for 100 cycles.
Streamlined process development procedure incorporating the selection of various stationary phase types established in a mAb aggregate reduction study with different mixed mode ligands
Authors: Stein Dominik , Thom Volkmar , Hubbuch Jürgen
Published: December 2021

In biopharmaceutical process development time, cost and reliability are the relevant keywords. During the development of chromatographic processes these targets are challenged by many possible scaffolds, ligands and process parameters. The common response to this diversity is the establishment of platform processes in the development of chromatographic unit operations. However, while developing a platform library to simplify and accelerate chromatographic processes, the potential combination of scaffold, ligands and process parameters need to be characterized. This challenge is addressed in a case study on novel mixed mode (MM) adsorber for the removal of monoclonal antibody (mAb) aggregates. We propose a rigorous strategy to reduce the various experimental design space resulting from possible combinations in scaffolds, backbones and ligands. This strategy is based on theoretical considerations, identification of adsorber selectivity and capacity for the identification of a suitable membrane system. For this system, each potential MM membrane adsorber candidate is investigated in its high molecular weight species reduction potential for a given mAb feed stream and referenced to the performance of Capto™ Adhere. The introduced strategy can reduce the developmental effort in an early stage from three to two possible stationary phases. Thereafter, initial examinations at different ionic capacities enlighten one favorable stationary phase. Finalizing the development strategy procedure by studying five different MM ligands by HTS and confirming the study with a 2–3 MV higher dynamic breakthrough capacity in benchtop experiments and provides an insight in the benefits of a living process platform library.
Suspended lead suit and physician radiation doses during coronary angiography
Authors: Salcido‐Rios Jose , McNamara David A. , VanOosterhout Stacie , VanLoo Lisa , Redmond Meaghan , Parker Jessica L. , Madder Ryan D.
Published: December 2021

Objective

This study was performed to evaluate physician radiation doses with the use of a suspended lead suit.

Background

Interventional cardiologists face substantial occupational risks from chronic radiation exposure and wearing heavy lead aprons.

Methods

Head‐level physician radiation doses, collected using real‐time dosimeters during consecutive coronary angiography procedures, were compared with the use of a suspended lead suit versus conventional lead aprons. Multiple linear regression analyses were completed using physician radiation doses as the response and testing patient variables (body mass index, age, sex), procedural variables (right heart catheterization, fractional flow reserve, percutaneous coronary intervention, radial access), and shielding variables (radiation‐absorbing pad, accessory lead shield, suspended lead suit) as the predictors.

Results

Among 1054 coronary angiography procedures, 691 (65.6%) were performed with a suspended lead suit and 363 (34.4%) with lead aprons. There was no significant difference in dose area product between groups (61.7 [41.0, 94.9] mGy·cm2 vs. 64.6 [42.9, 96.9] mGy·cm2, p = 0.20). Median head‐level physician radiation doses were 10.2 [3.2, 35.5] μSv with lead aprons and 0.2 [0.1, 0.9] μSv with a suspended lead suit (p < 0.001), representing a 98.0% reduced dose with suspended lead. In the fully adjusted regression model, the use of a suspended lead suit was independently associated with a 93.8% reduction (95% confidence interval: −95.0, −92.3; p < 0.001) in physician radiation dose.

Conclusion

Compared to conventional lead aprons, the use of a suspended lead suit during coronary angiography was associated with marked reductions in head‐level physician radiation doses.
Electrophotocatalytic C−H Functionalization of N‐Heteroarenes with Unactivated Alkanes under External Oxidant‐Free Conditions
Authors: Tan Zhoumei , He Xinrui , Xu Kun , Zeng Chengchu
Published: December 2021

The Minisci alkylation of N‐heteroarenes with unactivated alkanes under external oxidant‐free conditions provides an economically attractive route to access alkylated N‐heteroarenes but remains underdeveloped. Herein, a new electrophotocatalytic strategy to access alkyl radicals from strong C(sp3)−H bonds was reported for the following Minisci alkylation reactions in the absence of chemical oxidants. This strategy realized the first example of cerium‐catalyzed Minisci alkylation reaction directly from abundant unactivated alkanes with excellent atom economy. It is anticipated that the general design principle would enrich catalytic strategies to explore the functionalizations of strong C(sp3)−H bonds under external oxidant‐free conditions with H2 evolution.
ELN iMDS flow working group validation of the monocyte assay for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia diagnosis by flow cytometry
Authors: Wagner‐Ballon Orianne , Bettelheim Peter , Lauf Jeroen , Bellos Frauke , Della Porta Matteo , Travaglino Erica , Subira Dolores , Lopez Irene Nuevo , Tarfi Sihem , Westers Theresia M. , Johansson Ulrika , Psarra Katherina , Karathanos Serafeim , Matarraz Sergio , Colado Enrique , Gupta Monali , Ireland Robin , Kern Wolfgang , Van De Loosdrecht Arjan A. ,   European LeukemiaNet International MDS‐Flow Cytometry Working Group (ELN iMDS‐Flow)
Published: December 2021

Background: It was proposed that peripheral blood (PB) monocyte profiles evaluated by flow cytometry, called “monocyte assay,” could rapidly and efficiently distinguish chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) from other causes of monocytosis by highlighting an increase in the classical monocyte (cMo) fraction above 94%. However, the robustness of this assay requires a large multicenter validation and the assessment of its feasibility on bone marrow (BM) samples, as some centers may not have access to PB.

Methods: PB and/or BM samples from patients displaying monocytosis were assessed with the “monocyte assay” by 10 ELN iMDS Flow working group centers with harmonized protocols. The corresponding files were reanalyzed in a blind fashion and the cMo percentages obtained by both analyses were compared. Confirmed diagnoses were collected when available.

Results: The comparison between cMo percentages from 267 PB files showed a good global significant correlation (r = 0.88) with no bias. Confirmed diagnoses, available for 212 patients, achieved a 94% sensitivity and an 84% specificity. Hence, 95/101 CMML patients displayed cMo ≥94% while cMo <94% was observed in 83/99 patients with reactive monocytosis and in 10/12 patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) with monocytosis. The established Receiver Operator Curve again provided a 94% cut‐off value of cMo. The 117 BM files reanalysis led to an 87% sensitivity and an 80% specificity, with excellent correlation between the 43 paired samples to PB.

Conclusions: This ELN multicenter study demonstrates the robustness of the monocyte assay with only limited variability of cMo percentages, validates the 94% cutoff value, confirms its high sensitivity and specificity in PB and finally, also confirms the possibility of its use in BM samples.
Characteristics of root‐associated bacterial community and nitrogen biochemical properties of twoJaponicarice cultivars with different yields
Authors: Dong Hangyu , Sun Haoyuan , Jiang Linlin , Ma Dianrong , Fan Shuxiu
Published: December 2021

Root‐associated microbiomes play pivotal roles in rice plant nutrition and productivity. We studied how the Liaoxing 1 and Akitakomachi rice cultivars, which are characterized by high and low yields, respectively, modified the nutrient content, enzymatic activities in the rhizosphere, and bacterial community structure in the root endosphere, rhizosphere, and bulk soil with and without nitrogen application. Rice genotype and nitrogen application amount are both essential driving factors for changes in the nutrient content, enzymatic activities, and bacterial community. Bacterial community structure varied significantly across the three root‐associated compartments, and rhizosphere and bulk soil harbored significantly higher diversity and richness of bacteria than root endophytes. Bacterial communities in the root endosphere are mainly structured by rice cultivars. Nitrogen fertilization application influenced the compositions and functions of bacterial groups across the three compartments.Prolixibacteriaceae, as nitrogen‐fixing bacteria, were significantly enriched in the rhizosphere, and the relative abundance in the rhizosphere of the high‐yield cultivar was higher than that of the low‐yield cultivar. Rice genotype and nitrogen application amount are both essential driving factors for changes in nutrient content and enzymatic activities. In this study, it was found that the higher available nitrogen content and soil enzymatic activities in the rhizosphere of the high‐yield rice cultivar promoted rice nitrogen use, and they ultimately formed a positive feedback loop. Our results indicated that root‐associated bacterial communities combined with soil enzymatic activities strengthen the transformation of nitrogen nutrients, suggesting that the interactions could represent a mechanism for enhancing rice yield.
Modelling the impact of lining and covering irrigation canals on underlying groundwater stores in the Nile Delta, Egypt
Authors: Abd‐Elaty Ismail , Pugliese Lorenzo , Bali Khaled M. , Grismer Mark E. , Eltarabily Mohamed Galal
Published: December 2021

Canal seepage losses can contribute significantly to groundwater aquifers in arid and semi‐arid regions worldwide. In addition, surface water evaporation and evapotranspiration from adjacent riparian vegetation directly affect surface water availability across these regions. This study aims to evaluate interactions between irrigation canals and the Nile Delta groundwater aquifer in Egypt under four operational scenarios: (i) decreased stream flows in the four main diversion canals associated with upper Nile diversions and climate change, (ii) concrete lining of irrigation canals, (iii) combined lining and use of Photo‐Voltaic (PV) Solar Panel covers on canals and (iv) enclosure of the canals in closed conduits. We investigated the effects of these scenarios on regional groundwater supplies and levels using MODFLOW and water budget analyses. Decreased streamflow (scenario 1) resulted in decreased aquifer recharge (from 732 910 to 483 800 m3 day−1) and lower groundwater levels as compared to the base case (present) conditions. Moreover, groundwater flows from the aquifer to the four main canals noticeably increased from 23 176 to 79 364 m3 day−1. Water budget analyses associated with canal lining scenarios (2, 3, & 4) indicated that canal leakage to the aquifer accounted for 146 582, 146 582, and 73 291 m3 day−1 respectively. The changes in canal efficiencies reached 29.3%, 67.1%, 75.3%, and 91.8% while the changes in aquifer recharge efficiencies were 66%, 20%, 20%, and 10% for the four scenarios, respectively. Overall, we found that canals lining is likely the most suitable solution for managing water resources in the Nile Delta. Further aspects to be considered in future studies include the loss of biodiversity along streams embankments due to channel lining.
Two Dimensional Perovskites/Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Heterostructures: Puzzles and Challenges
Authors: Baranowski Michal , Surrente Alessandro , Plochocka Paulina
Published: December 2021

Two‐dimensional (2D) layered materials have been in the spotlight of scientists’ interest for more than a decade. The inherently weak interaction between the layers in 2D crystals allows stacking different materials and building heterostructures with novel functional properties. Here, we review the most recent advances on heterostructures composed of transition metal dichalcogenides and 2D perovskites. We show that combining these materials yields a rich and unique platform for the investigation of energy and charge transfer mechanisms, as well as band alignment engineering. We summarize the current understanding of the fascinating photophysics of these heterostructures, emphasizing the open questions related to their fundamental properties. We conclude by highlighting how this platform offers an unprecedented number of tuning knobs to control their optoelectronic properties and some potentially interesting directions to explore in the near future.
Service innovations in mobile banking for creating value for the poor in developing countries
Authors: Gaur Aakanksha , Potnis Devendra Dilip
Published: December 2021

Mobile banking is a service innovation in the banking industry. Extant research has demonstrated that the goal of any service innovation is to create value for stakeholders including consumers. Despite the consensus that information and communication technologies (ICTs) can be leveraged to deliver financial services to the poor, few studies have examined the process through which mobile banking service providers create value for consumers. Building on concepts from service‐dominant logic and service science, this paper posits that the delivery of such mobile banking services requires a repertoire of information and communication technology (ICT) as well as non‐ICT resources. Specifically, Cashpor a mobile banking service provider, that provides mobile banking financial services to rural females is examined. The research traces the implementation of key service innovations by configurations of three resources—people, technology, and information, and three mechanisms—knowledge integration, technology integration, and governance—through which value‐creating benefits of social, financial, and psychological benefits are achieved.
Anisodamine affects the pigmentation, mineral density, craniofacial area, and eye development in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Wang Binjie , Chen Tianyi , Wang Anli , Fang Jiakai , Wang Jiye , Yao Weixuan , Wu Yuanzhao
Published: December 2021

Anisodamine is one of the major components of the tropine alkaloid family and is widely used in the treatment of pain, motion sickness, pupil dilatation, and detoxification of organophosphorus poisoning. As a muscarinic receptor antagonist, the low toxicity and moderate drug effect of anisodamine often result in high doses for clinical use, making it important to fully investigate its toxicity. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 1.3‐, 2.6‐, and 5.2‐mM anisodamine for 7 days to study the toxic effects of drug exposure on pigmentation, mineral density, craniofacial area, and eye development. The results showed that exposure to anisodamine at 1.3 mM resulted in cranial malformations and abnormal pigmentation in zebrafish embryos; 2.6‐ and 5.2‐mM anisodamine resulted in significant eye development defects and reduced bone density in zebrafish embryos. The associated toxicities were correlated with functional development of neural crest cells through gene expression (col1a2, ddb1, dicer1, mab21l1, mab21l2, sox10, tyrp1b, and mitfa) in the dose of 5.2‐mM exposed group. In conclusion, this study provides new evidence of the developmental toxicity of high doses of anisodamine in aqueous solutions to organisms and provides a warning for the safe use of this drug.
Modulation of the inflammatory response to decellularized collagen matrix for cartilage regeneration
Authors: Gvaramia David , Kern Johann , Jakob Yvonne , Tritschler Hanna , Brenner Rolf E. , Breiter Roman , Kzhyshkowska Julia , Rotter Nicole
Published: December 2021

Decellularized extracellular matrices (DECM) are among the most common types of materials used in tissue engineering due to their cell instructive properties, biodegradability, and accessibility. Particularly in cartilage, a natural collagen type II matrix can be a promising means to provide the necessary cues and support for chondrogenic stem and progenitor cells (CSPCs). However, efficient remodeling of the transplanted DECM is largely dependent on the host immune response, with macrophages playing the central role in orchestrating both inflammatory and regenerative processes. Here we assessed the reaction of human primary macrophages to the cartilage DECM. Our findings show that the xenogeneic collagen matrix can elicit a mixed response in human macrophages, whereby the inflammatory response (M1) and the activation of remodeling (M2) type of macrophages are both present. Additionally, we demonstrate the inhibitory effect of macrophage response on the migratory capacity of human CSPCs. We further show that the inflammatory reaction of macrophages to the cartilage DECM, as well as the resulting inhibitory effects on CSPC migration, can be attenuated by interleukin‐4 (IL‐4). Finally, we demonstrate that IL‐4 can effectively bind the matrix, thereby modulating macrophage response by reducing the inflammatory reaction and inducing the M2 phenotype.
The wellbeing implications of maximizing: A conceptual framework and meta‐analysis
Authors: Belli Alex , Carrillat François A. , Zlatevska Natalina , Cowley Elizabeth
Published: December 2021

Decision‐making literature establishes that maximizers, who always strive for the best option, paradoxically experience lower wellbeing. The current study aims to discover the conditions that attenuate or exacerbate the detrimental effect of maximization on wellbeing by using a large‐scale meta‐analysis based on 683 effect sizes from 108 papers, spanning 47,245 unique respondents. We develop a conceptual framework for the literature and classify potential moderators of the maximization‐wellbeing relationship along two dimensions: (i) whether they enable the decision‐maker to focus on the choice process or the choice outcome, and (ii) the extent to which they contribute to choice complexity, expecting that process (vs. outcome) focus and less complex choices can assuage maximizers’ wellbeing deficit. Our meta‐analysis supports our expectations for all the choice focus moderators, but not for all the choice complexity moderators. Alongside theoretical and practical implications, we offer a framework to guide future research that should uncover when choice complexity moderators most accurately explain the wellbeing of maximizers.
Hydrogen sulfide emissions from a midwestern manure slurry storage basin
Authors: Grant Richard H. , Boehm Matthew T.
Published: December 2021

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions from midwestern U.S. dairy lagoons are episodic and seasonal. Emissions were determined using an inverse diffusion model in conjunction with measured upwind and downwind line‐averaged H2S concentrations and turbulence. Mean daily H2S emissions from manure stored in earthen basins was 0.97 μg m−2 s−1 (σ = 1.35 μg m−2 s−1). Mean live animal basis daily emission from the basins was 1.1 g d−1 hd−1 (0.84 g d−1 AU−1). Daily emission was modeled using the van't Hoff function with air temperature as a surrogate for slurry surface temperature and a linear function of friction velocity. The mean standard error of estimate of the model was 1.8 μg m−2 s−1 (2.0 g d−1 hd−1, 1.6 g d−1 AU−1) and accounted for 60% of emissions variability. H2S emissions were enhanced for short periods during the year when the stored slurry was loaded onto trucks for removal. Emissions from the basins were not statistically different as barn manure handling changed from flushing to scraping. More measurements are needed to verify annual emissions estimates for these manure slurry storage basins and derive emission factors for these slurry storage systems.
A novel variant of C12orf4 linked to autosomal recessive intellectual disability type 66 with phenotype expansion
Authors: Rashvand Zahra , Kahrizi Kimia , Najmabadi Hossein , Najafipour Reza , Omrani Mir Davood
Published: December 2021

Background

Intellectual disability (ID) is a hallmark of many rare disorders that are highly heterogeneous and complex. A large number of specific genes are involved in development of this heterogeneity, and each of these genes is only found in a small number of patients. This weakens the definition of the predominant genotype and the phenotypic characteristics associated with that gene. Autosomal recessive ID type 66 (OMIM #618221) is one of these very rare diseases created by defects in the C12orf4 gene.

Methods

The present study included two patients from an Iranian family with initial diagnosis of non‐syndromic ID, aiming to identify the possible genetic cause(s), and whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed for the proband. The obtained variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and co‐segregated in the family.

Results

The patients carried a novel pathogenic splicing variant called c.1441‐1G>A in exon 12 of the C12orf4 gene (NM_001304811). They predominantly manifested ID, behavioral problems, speech impairment and dysmorphic facial features, some of which had not been reported in previous studies.

Conclusions

A novel pathogenic splicing variant was identified named c.1441‐1G>A in the C12orf4 gene. To date, only seven families have been reported with defects in this gene. Previous studies have not highlighted the exact clinical manifestations of these patients; thus, the present study could contribute to a better delineation of the genotype–phenotype correlation and interpretation of very rare variants of the gene.
Eigenvalues and [a,b]‐factors in regular graphs
Authors: O Suil
Published: December 2021

For positive integers, , , and , Bollobás, Saito, and Wormald proved some sufficient conditions for an ‐edge‐connected ‐regular graph to have a ‐factor in 1985. Lu gave an upper bound for the third largest eigenvalue in a connected ‐regular graph to have a ‐factor in 2010. Gu found an upper bound for certain eigenvalues in an ‐edge‐connected ‐regular graph to have a ‐factor in 2014. For positive integers , an even (or odd) ‐factor of a graph is a spanning subgraph such that for each vertex , is even (or odd) and . In this paper, we prove upper bounds (in terms of and ) for certain eigenvalues (in terms of and ) in an ‐edge‐connected ‐regular graph to guarantee the existence of an even ‐factor or an odd ‐factor. This result extends the one of Bollbás, Saito, and Wormald, the one of Lu, and the one of Gu.
Characterization of chemical constituents in Shuanghuanglian oral dosage forms by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Ruiyun , Zhu Yanru , Ma Mingyan , Lei Min , Zhao Yingchun , Liu Ting , Yu Miao , Zhao Yunli , Yu Zhiguo
Published: December 2021

Shuanghuanglian is a common traditional Chinese medicine prescription. It is an herbal formula composed of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Scutellariae Radix, and Forsythiae Fructus. A comprehensive understanding of Shuanghuanglian oral dosage forms components was obtained using a method based on ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for the separation and characterization of Shuanghuanglian oral liquids, granules, soft capsules, and effervescent tablets. A total of 358 components were chemically defined or tentatively identified, including flavonoids, caffeic acid derivatives, lignans, coumarins, iridoids, triterpenes, and anthraquinones. The results will provide a basis for the general study of Shuanghuanglian and be meaningful for the composition identification of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions.
Anatomy‐Based Frequency Allocation in Cochlear Implantation: The Importance of Cochlear Coverage
Authors: Aljazeeri Isra , Hamed Nezar , Abdelsamad Yassin , Sharif Tahir , Al‐Momani Murad , Hagr Abdulrahman
Published: December 2021

Objectives/hypothesis

This study aimed to compare the predicted anatomy‐based frequency allocation of cochlear implant electrodes with the default standard frequencies.

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed using computed tomography (CT) images of patients who received cochlear implants at a tertiary referral center. Patients were excluded if they had any congenital or acquired cochlear anatomical anomalies. The CT images of the patients were uploaded to the surgical planning software. Two independent reviewers allocated the anatomical parameters of the cochlea. The software then used these parameters to calculate the frequency allocation for each electrode according to the type of electrode and the length of the organ of Corti (OC) in each patient. These anatomy‐based frequency allocations were compared with the default frequency settings.

Main Outcome Measure

Frequency‐to‐place mismatch in semitones.

Results

A total of 169 implanted ears in 102 patients were included in this study. The readings of the two reviewers were homogenous, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.98. The mean anatomy‐based frequency allocation was 487.3 ± 202.9 Hz in electrode 1; 9,298.6 ± 490.6 Hz in electrode 12. The anatomy‐based frequency allocations were found to be significantly higher than the frequencies of the default frequencies for each corresponding electrode (one‐sample t‐test, P < .001). The frequency‐to‐place mismatch was negatively correlated with cochlear coverage and positively correlated with the cochlear duct length (Pearson correlation > 0.65, P < .003).

Conclusions

The anatomy‐based frequency allocation of each electrode is significantly different from the default frequency setting. This frequency‐to‐place mismatch was affected mainly by the cochlear coverage.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 132:2224–2231, 2022
The combined anterolateral thigh—Partial iliac crest minihybrid free flap for mandibular reconstruction
Authors: Marttila Emilia , Salli Malla , Mesimäki Karri , Kainulainen Satu , Snäll Johanna , Wilkman Tommy
Published: December 2021

Background and aims

Tumors of the oral cavity often require extensive resections leading to significant hard and soft tissue defects. Microvascular free flaps, consisting of both hard and soft tissue, are often required in reconstructions. Hybrid flaps, composed of two different joint free flaps, offer potential alternatives for head and neck reconstruction. This report presents our results with a modified hybrid ALT/DCIA, that is, minihybrid free flap (MH‐flap) composed of the anterolateral thigh (ALT) and a partial inner lamina iliac crest only (partial DCIA) for reconstruction of the mandibular region.

Patients and methods

Eight patients underwent oral cancer reconstruction of the mandible with the MH‐flap. The MH‐flap was harvested sparing the outer crest and lamina of crista, and its pedicle was combined to the distal pedicle of ALT. Clinical data and postoperative complications were analyzed.

Results

The mean length of the osseous graft was 64 mm (range 54–78 mm). None of the patients had complications requiring surgical intervention. No donor site complications were observed. The overall survival rate was 100%. The mean length of follow‐up was 16 months (range 7–30 months).

Conclusions

According to our results, the ALT‐partial DCIA MH‐flap has postoperative outcomes comparable to those of the fibular flap. The flap is a good option with excellent bone properties for reconstruction of limited mandibular defects not suitable for fibular or scapular reconstruction.
Finite‐difference‐based simulation and adjoint optimization of gas networks
Authors: Hossbach Sonja , Lemke Mathias , Reiss Julius
Published: December 2021

The stable operation of gas networks is an important optimization target. While for this task commonly finite volume methods are used, we introduce a new finite difference approach. With a summation by part formulation for the spatial discretization, we get well‐defined fluxes between the pipes. This allows a simple and explicit formulation of the coupling conditions at the node. From that, we derive the adjoint equations for the network simply and transparently. The resulting direct and adjoint equations are numerically efficient and easy to implement.
Surface modification of polytetrafluoroethylene film by argon cold atmospheric pressure plasmas for enhancing bonding with graphene‐filled polyimide adhesives
Authors: Lin Yung‐Sen , Wan Hsiang‐Yu , Wu Bing‐Rong
Published: December 2021

Significantly enhanced adhesion of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films to graphene‐filled polyimide (PI) adhesives by argon (Ar) cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (CAPPs) at the exposure durations of 72–96 s was undertaken. Poor adhesion of PTFE film to PI adhesive with no bonding (100% delamination) was highly improved to good bonding (100% attachment) for PTFE film treated by Ar CAPPs. Hydrophobic PTFE surface (water contact angle up to 91.1°) was changed to hydrophilic PTFE surfaces (water contact angle up to 37.4°–66.0°) with Ar CAPPs treatment by formation of polar chemical bonds such as C–O and C=O. To realize how the chemical bonds of C–O and C=O were produced onto the PTFE surface by Ar CAPPs, the plasma active species of Ar CAPPs were detected by optical emission spectroscopy.
Use of naldemedine is associated with reduced incidence of hyperactive delirium in cancer patients with opioid‐induced constipation: A nationwide retrospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Abe Hiroaki , Sumitani Masahiko , Matsui Hiroki , Inoue Reo , Fushimi Kiyohide , Uchida Kanji , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: December 2021

Background

Medical benefits of peripherally acting mu‐opioid receptor antagonists other than improving opioid‐induced constipation remain unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the association between the use of naldemedine and incidence of hyperactive delirium in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and opioid therapy.

Methods

We conducted a propensity score‐matched analysis using a nationwide inpatient database in Japan. Cancer patients receiving both inpatient chemotherapy and opioid therapy from June 1, 2017, to March 31, 2018, were included. Patients receiving naldemedine were matched to control patients by propensity score. Our primary outcome was the incidence of hyperactive delirium during hospitalization, and secondary outcomes were the length of hospital stay, hospital costs, in‐hospital mortality, and incidence of ileus.

Results

Of 34,031 patients receiving inpatient chemotherapy and opioid therapy, 1905 (5.6%) were included in the naldemedine group. After one‐to‐four propensity score matching, 1904 patients were included in the naldemedine group and 7616 in the control group. Naldemedine users had significantly reduced incidence of hyperactive delirium compared with the control patients (19.4% vs 23.3%; risk difference, −3.9 [95% confidence interval, −5.9 to −1.9]; risk ratio, 0.83 [0.75–0.92]; p<0.001; subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.85 [0.75–0.97]; p = 0.015). The median length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the naldemedine group compared with the control group (12 days [interquartile range, 6–23] vs 14 days [6–26]; p = 0.001). The median hospital costs were also significantly lower in the naldemedine group compared with the control group (US $6179 [3351–10,026] vs US $6576 [3436–11,107]; p < 0.001). No significant differences were found for in‐hospital mortality or incidence of ileus between the groups.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the use of naldemedine may have benefits in preventing hyperactive delirium, shortening hospital stay, and decreasing hospital costs in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and opioid therapy.
A comprehensive computational investigations on the physical properties of TiXSb (X: Ru, Pt) half‐Heusler alloys and Ti2RuPtSb2 double half‐Heusler
Authors: Rached Youcef , Caid Messaoud , Merabet Mostefa , Benalia Salaheddine , Rached Habib , Djoudi Lakhdar , Mokhtari Mohamed , Rached Djamel
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we have investigated the structural, elastic, optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties of the new half‐Heusler alloys TiXSb (X: Ru, Pt) and Ti2RuPtSb2 double half‐Heusler compound, using the full‐potential linearized augmented plane wave method. Different approximations for the exchange‐correlation functional were performed as generalized gradient approximation + Hubbard potential (GGA + U) and its combination with the modified Becke–Johnson potential. The negative values of the calculated formation energy indicate that these compounds are energetically stable. Both half Heusler alloys are half‐metallic ferromagnetic materials and exhibit an integer magnetic moment of Mt = 1.00 μB. While, the Ti2RuPtSb2 is a direct semiconductor at center symmetry. The calculations of optical properties revealed that Ti2RuPtSb2 compound exhibits an excellent optical efficiency. The thermoelectric properties such as the Seebeck coefficient (S); electronic thermal conductivity (κe/τ), power factor (PF), and figure of merit (ZT) have been studied and discussed in detail. Consequently, the investigated compounds were identified as candidate materials for high technological applications.
Photothermal Diatomite/Carbon Nanotube Combined Aerogel for High‐Efficiency Solar Steam Generation and Wastewater Purification
Authors: Li Jialun , Yu Fei , Jiang Yi , Wang Liying , Yang Xijia , Li Xuesong , Lü Wei , Sun Xiaojuan
Published: December 2021

Solar‐driven interface evaporation is a sustainable and green method for seawater desalination and wastewater purification which has attracted great attention due to the expectation to solve the global fresh water crisis. Currently, its commercial application is still limited by high cost, a complicated preparation process, and unsatisfying photothermal conversion efficiency, which are difficult to be achieved simultaneously. Herein, a nontoxic, high efficient, low cost, and facile strategy to fabricate a solar steam generator is demonstraterd, in which biocompatible agar powder, carbon nanotubes, and diatomite are combined to achieve an aerogel. All materials involved are commercially available. The aerogel exhibits a water evaporation rate of 1.67 kg m−2 h−1 with 91% conversion efficiency under one sun illumination, and can produce drinkable water from sea water, lake water, and even strong acid/alkaline water with nearly 100% rejection of organic dyes. Most importantly, the cost to produce such an aerogel is only 6.67 $ m−2, and is expected to produce 5–8 kg m−2 of fresh water per day under natural sunlight, which is enough for a family of three to live normally for one day. Present high‐efficient and economic water purification system provides promise for commercial application in seawater desalination and wastewater purification.
Pathway‐Selection for Programmable Assembly of Genetically Encoded Amphiphiles by Thermal Processing
Authors: Khodaverdi Masoumeh , Hossain Md Shahadat , Zhang Zhe , Martino Robert P. , Nehls Connor W. , Mozhdehi Davoud
Published: December 2021

The front cover artwork is provided by the Mozhdehi group at Syracuse University. The image shows an artistic representation of the recombinant production of lipoprotein coacervates. Thermal processing of these coacervates alters their hierarchical assembly and produces nanoaggregates with exquisite morphologies, such as braids and toroids. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/syst.202100037.
Online Monitoring of Electrical Equipment Condition Based on Infrared Image Temperature Data Visualization
Authors: Wang Jianguo , Ou Jianhua , Fan Yadong , Cai Li , Zhou Mi
Published: December 2021

Temperature is one of the most common indicators for the health of electrical equipment in the substation. By now, infrared thermography has been an important monitoring tool due to its real‐time temperature measurement and noncontact manner. However, at present, portable thermal imagers are usually used to collect and store the status image of single equipment at a certain time, which cannot continuously track the condition of the equipment and the efficiency is very low. In order to solve this problem, our team proposed a method for online condition of electrical equipment based on the visualization and processing of infrared image temperature data. We developed video inspection software, equipped with an infrared camera for automatic inspection to obtain infrared images. After that, the target equipment in a whole image are automatically extracted based on the reference image and the equipment type of each target is classified. Then, in order to visualize temperature data and extract temperature information for different types of equipment, the concepts of heating spot, heating section, and heating area are defined. Finally, diagnosis rules based on relevant related thermal fault diagnosis standards and past experience are proposed to evaluate the condition of each target equipment, using the temperature rise and heat generation percentage. The method has been applied in a real substation and proved its effectiveness. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.