bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hakikat Tuhan pada Sebutan Nama Addonay wegibbôr milkhämâ dalam Mazmur 24:8
Authors: Larasati Irene Estu , Widodo Priyantoro
Published: February 2025

The name of Allah is an issue that often intersects with dogma. The God who is understood by Christianity is known as YHWH by reading Addonay translated as God in Indonesian using capital letters because this name is very sacred to be called anything. But God wants His creation to know Him, so He introduces His name to His people in various ways by mentioning the essence of the name. This scientific work aims to describe one of the names of God, especially in the book of Psalm 24:8, and the use of the term in several Old Testament books. The research methodology in this scientific work is a qualitative method using an analytical approach to terms and word meanings. God reveals Himself as a mighty God in the war in every event of the battle of the Israelites. God, Himself took over the war to bring victory to His people. What Allah has done makes His people realize that their lives are under the control of Lord Allah, their creator. The use of the name by the Bible refers more to the theological meaning behind the Name, namely His living power. The description of God in the Psalms also proves the opinion that God can be understood as both transcendent and immanent. What the psalmist does is an attempt to understand the transcendent God to be an immanent God based on the life experience of the psalmist.Nama Allah menjadi suatu isu yang sering bersinggungan dengan dogma. Allah yang dipahami kekristenan dikenal dengan nama YHWH dengan dibaca Addonay diterjemahkan sebagai Tuhan dalam bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan huruf kapital karena nama ini sangat sakral untuk sembarang disebut. Namun Tuhan ingin agar ciptaanNya mengenalNya sehingga Ia memperkenalkan namaNya kepada umatNya dengan berbagai cara dengan menye-butkan hakekat dari nama tersebut. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan salah satu sebutan nama Tuhan terkhusus kitab Mazmur 24:8 dan penggunaan istilah pada beberapa kitab Perjanjian Lama. Metodologi penelitian dalam karya ilmiah ini dengan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis istilah dan makna kata. Allah menyatakan diriNya Ia sebagai Allah yang perkasa dalam peperangan dalam setiap peristiwa pertempuran bangsa Israel Allah sendiri yang mengambil alih peperangan sehingga membawa kemenangan bagi umatNya. Apa yang telah dilakukan Allah membuat umatNya menyadari bahwa hidup mereka ada dibawah kendali Tuhan Allah sang pencipta mereka. Penggunaan nama tersebut oleh Alkitab lebih mengacu kepada makna teologis di balik Nama itu, yaitu kuasa-Nya yang hidup.  Penggambaran akan Tuhan dalam Mazmur juga membuktikan pendapat bahwa Tuhan dapat dipahami sebagai pribadi yang transenden dan sekaligus imanen. Apa yang dilakukan oleh para pemazmur merupakan usaha untuk memahami Tuhan yang transenden menjadi Tuhan yang imanen berdasarkan pengalaman hidup pemazmur.
Look Before You Leap: Training and Developing Future Leaders
Authors: Pratt Jonathan , Ku Elliot
Published: February 2025

This paper is our response to common questions from pastoral leaders and future leaders about effective training and development. It begins by identifying five common training strategies adopted by churches. It outlines a research-informed process to select the most appropriate training strategy and program. It then organises this material into an integrated framework for effective training and development. The appendices provide further explanations and examples from our context of Reformed and Presbyterian pastoral ministry in Sydney, Australia.

Rather than follow the conventional advice most commonly given in our wider Evangelical culture of ‘take the next step’ or ‘enrol in the best college’, we recommend strongly that future leaders and pastoral leaders ‘look before you leap’. Analysing stakeholder interests, especially those of the future leader, is the first and most important category impacting on leader development. After this, the merits of various training strategies and programs can be evaluated according to their impact on leader development and difficulty of implementation. Once an appropriate training strategy and program are selected, future leaders can engage in the training and development cycle described in our paper.
Identificación de casos con ideación suicida en estudiantes de nivel medio superior
Authors: Moreno Avitia Farah Denisse , Hernández Reyes Ma. De la Luz
Published: February 2025

El suicidio en adolescentes es una problemática global en aumento, especialmente en comunidades con contextos socioeconómicos vulnerables. La ideación suicida, cuarto motivo de muerte en jóvenes de 15 a 29 años según la OMS (2021), representa un riesgo crítico en esta etapa. Esta intervención se llevó a cabo en el plantel COBAES 22 de Culiacán, Sinaloa, con el objetivo de capacitar a docentes en la identificación temprana de signos de ideación suicida en estudiantes de nivel medio superior, un grupo particularmente afectado por factores de riesgo psicosociales y familiares. Los docentes del plantel expresaron inseguridad y falta de preparación para identificar y gestionar casos, aunque reconocieron la gravedad del problema y la importancia de intervenir oportunamente. Mediante una metodología con enfoque de investigación-acción participativa, la intervención incluyó sesiones presenciales y virtuales, encuestas, análisis de casos y evaluaciones. Los resultados reflejan una mejora en el conocimiento y la seguridad del personal para identificar señales como cambios de comportamiento y desesperanza en los estudiantes. Sin embargo, se observaron dificultades en la detección directa de signos específicos de ideación suicida, destacando la necesidad de reforzar este aspecto en futuras capacitaciones. Además, se recomienda establecer una red de apoyo integral que involucre instancias como la SEPyC, el Departamento de Salud Mental y Emocional y otras dependencias, para trabajar en un programa operativo enfocado en la prevención, seguimiento y apoyo integral a estudiantes y sus familias. También se sugiere implementar un protocolo de actuación inmediato y seguro para proteger a los estudiantes y la comunidad educativa. En conclusión, esta intervención fortaleció la capacidad del personal educativo para intervenir en situaciones de riesgo en adolescentes, destacando la importancia de capacitaciones continuas y la colaboración interinstitucional para un impacto más amplio y sostenible.
Energía renovable: Fuentes de energía como el sol y el viento, que se pueden usar sin agotar los recursos naturales
Authors: Tumbaco Ibarra Ángel Hernán , Martínez Hernández Margoth Evangelina , Ramón Freire Leslie Madeleine
Published: February 2025

La energía renovable es aquella que proviene de fuentes naturales inagotables, como el sol, el viento, el agua y el calor terrestre. A diferencia de los combustibles fósiles, como el petróleo y el carbón, que son limitados y generan impactos negativos en el medio ambiente, las energías renovables ofrecen alternativas sostenibles y limpias. La energía solar utiliza paneles fotovoltaicos para capturar la luz del sol, mientras que la energía eólica genera electricidad a través de turbinas que aprovechan de manera eficiente el viento. Además, la energía hidroeléctrica aprovecha el movimiento del agua en ríos y embalses, y la energía geotérmica extrae calor de las profundidades de la Tierra. Estas fuentes de energía no solo son inagotables, sino que no producen emisiones significativas de gases de efecto invernadero, contribuyendo así a la reducción de la contaminación y a la lucha contra el cambio climático. Otro beneficio clave es que, al disminuir la dependencia de los combustibles fósiles, mejoran la seguridad energética y garantizan el suministro de energía a largo plazo. Con el crecimiento de la población mundial y el aumento de la demanda energética, el uso de energías limpias y sostenibles se vuelve cada vez más necesario. Además, la inversión en energías renovables impulsa el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías y la creación de empleos verdes. Las energías renovables, por tanto, representan una solución clave para asegurar un futuro más sostenible, responsable y eficiente, en el que se proteja tanto el medio ambiente como el bienestar social y económico de futuras generaciones.
Current trends in manufacturing for large volume parenteral in the pharmaceutical industry and future scopes
Authors: Patel Tarang , Patel Vatsal , Patel Mehul , Shah Umang , Patel Ashish , Patel Swayamprakash , Solanki Nilay
Published: February 2025

The current features of manufacturing of Large Volume Parenteral from receiving the API and excipient to the final dispatch of product addressed many features including, sampling errors, manufacturing errors other controls, and individuals involved in various phases. The pharmaceutical industry nowadays places a greater focus on production-related issues like handling manpower and quality-related problems and implementing systems like Good Manufacturing Practises, and other systems. To reduce reliance on humans and raise the quality of products, future trends and possibilities in automation in various areas like production, quality assurance, and quality controls were discussed in this paper. For the production of an enormous quantity of parentals, the roles and responsibilities of both the manufacturing team and the quality assurance team are crucial. Future manufacturing initiatives can reduce labour expenses while enhancing product quality, nevertheless, they will also encourage more automation research and development.
BioNTech/Pfizer (BNT162b2) COVID-19 mRNA vaccine: manufacturing, immunogenicity, efficacy and safety
Authors: Alkhalil Esraa , Jarad Bashar , Saleh Tala , Aldarwish Wafaa , Joujeh Dima
Published: February 2025

The investigation into the Pfizer vaccine for the Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a vital area of study, especially given the ongoing global pandemic. The safety, efficacy, and overall credibility of the Pfizer vaccine remain contentious issues. This research seeks to deliver a thorough and unbiased examination of the vaccine's production process, its functional mechanism, and its immunogenic properties. It also presents the latest scientific findings concerning the vaccine's safety and efficacy based on recent clinical trials. The analysis is conducted with impartiality, ensuring that data and scientific outcomes are reported without prejudice.
BNT162b2 is a nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine formulated with lipid nanoparticles, designed to encode the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which stimulates an immune response in those vaccinated. The Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine incorporates an advanced cap 1 analog, a specific 5′ UTR region derived from the human α-globin gene, and an optimized downstream Kozak consensus sequence. The mRNA sequence has been enhanced by introducing N1-methyl-Ψ, substituting all uridines, including those in stop codons. The 3′-UTR of the BNT162b2 mRNA includes sequences from the amino-terminal enhancer of split mRNA and mitochondrial 12S rRNA, alongside a 30-mer poly(A) tail and a 10-nucleotide linker, which together improve and extend protein expression.
As of May 30, 2024, the U.S. National Library of Medicine (Clinicaltrials.gov) lists 1,314 clinical trials globally related to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, with 135 specifically focusing on BNT162b2, most of which are in Phase II and III. Numerous trials have confirmed the vaccine's effectiveness and safety, with no major adverse effects reported in the majority of studies. Access to reliable information on the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is vital for public awareness and informed vaccination decisions, emphasizing the importance of ongoing trials to update medical literature, especially as the vaccine is evaluated across various age groups and against new SARS-CoV-2 variants.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE DOCTRINE OF REPUDIATION OF CONTRACT IN THE CONTRACT FOR THE INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS (CISG) AND THE TERMS OF CANCELLATION IN THE CIVIL CODE
Authors: Setiasih Herma , Haryadi Wahyu Tris , Rosmaya Ina , Ardhana Annisa Sofia
Published: February 2025

In International Civil Law, several types of breach can be found, one of which is anticipatory breach. The term anticipatory breach has its roots in the concept of repudiation, which covers a wider range of refusals. Repudiation includes not only anticipatory breach, but also every form of refusal to fulfill contractual obligations, both before and after the contract period begins. Anticipatory breach refers to actions that indicate one party's intention not to fulfill its contractual obligations to the other party. This research aims to analyze how the Contract for the International Sale of Goods or CISG and the Civil Code regulate the return of rights for breach committed by one of the parties. The method applied is normative juridical research with statute and comparative approach. The findings of this research indicated that validity of an agreement under Article 1320 of the Civil Code requires an agreement, capacity, a specific object, and a lawful cause. If these subjective and objective conditions are unmet, or if there is a breach causing harm, the agreement may be canceled, but only through a court decision as per Article 1266. Repudiation, the refusal to fulfill an agreement, has two models: the mirror image model and the differentiated model, which assess potential future losses. In international civil law, anticipatory breach, a concept linked to repudiation, is covered in Articles 71-73 of the CISG.
Pengaruh Live Streaming Penjualan, Online Customer Review, dan Konten Marketing Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Produk SHERIZ OFFICIAL di Tiktok Shop. (Studi Pada Wilayah Gresik Jawa Timur)
Authors: Jannah Ayu Nur , Akhiruddin Anita
Published: February 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh sosial media tiktok terhadap strategi pemasaran produk kecantikan Sheriz dalam mencapai target penjualan mereka. Peneliti akan mengeksplorasi bagaimana aktivitas pemasaran melalui sosial media tiktok live mempengaruhi kinerja penjualan Sheriz Official. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan menyebarkan pertanyaan kuisioner sebagai bahan pengambilan data. Data dilakukan analisis melalui bantuan software SPSS versi 30.Metode pengambilan sampel dilaksanakan melalui penggunaan teknik purposive sampling. Pengambilan sampel sebanyak 100 orang konsumen yang memenuhi syarat kriteria penelitian yaitu laki laki atau perempuan dengan usia 17 tahun keatas dan yang menggunakan aplikasi tiktok.
Treating Menière’s disease with rimegepant
Authors: Hegemann Stefan C. A. , Schell Angela
Published: February 2025

A recent hypothesis states that Menière’s disease is caused by inappropriate expression, i.e. enhanced release of the neurotransmitter calcitonin gene-related peptide. Here, we tested this hypothesis by administering rimegepant, a new calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonist approved for the acute treatment of migraine and for the prevention of episodic migraine, to six patients with both Menière’s disease and migraine. Two patients received the first dose of 75 mg rimegepant to treat an acute attack of Menière’s disease. One of these two plus the remaining four patients were treated with 75 mg rimegepant every other day for secondary prevention. One patient developed an allergic reaction after the first administration and was excluded from further treatment. In the two patients treated during acute Menière’s disease, symptoms were relieved and resolved about 30 min earlier than migraine symptoms. While all five patients had reduced migraine, all completely resolved Menière's symptoms on preventive therapy with rimegepant for up to eight months. These results support the idea that calcitonin gene-related peptide is linked to the pathogenesis of Menière’s disease and suggest that inhibition of calcitonin gene-related peptide signalling may represent a promising therapeutic option for Menière’s disease patients.
Market New Products Successfully
Authors: Clancy Kevin J. , Krieg Peter C. , Wolf Marianne McGarry
Published: February 2025

Innovation remains an arduous and painful process for many companies, doing untold damage to brands, profitability, and careers. Some have used line extensions to mitigate risk, but all too often they have ended up extending the core brand into oblivion. Others have used test markets to help gauge opinion before a national rollout, only to have competitors snatch ideas and undermine results. Given the problems with conventional approaches, it's not surprising that 90% of new products and services fail. Market New Products Successfully is the definitive guidebook for using simulated test marketing (STM), a technology that can help companies dramatically improve the odds of introducing a successful new product or service. The book examines why STM is important, what the differences are between the major systems, how to do a simulation, and what insights it offers a marketing plan. It is the ultimate guidebook for any smart marketer looking to improve the financial outcome of the innovation process.
Legacies of Totalitarian Language in the Discourse Culture of the Post-Totalitarian Era
Authors: Andrews Ernest
Published: February 2025

This book is unique in its kind. It is the first scholarly work to attempt a comprehensive and fairly detailed look into the lingering legacies of the communist totalitarian modes of thought and expression in the new discourse forms of the post-totalitarian era. The book gives also new and interesting insights into the ways the new, presumably democratically-minded political elites in post-totalitarian Eastern Europe, Russia, and China manipulate language to serve their own political and economic agendas. The book consists of ten discrete discussions, nine case-studies or 'chapters' and an 'introduction.' Chapter 1 discusses patterns of continuity and change in the conceptual apparatus and linguistic habits of political science and sociology practiced in the Czech Republic before and after 1989. Chapter 2 analyzes lingering effects of communist propaganda language in the political discourse and behavior in post-communist Poland. Chapter 3 analyzes the legacy of Soviet semantics in post-Soviet Moldovan politics through the prism of such politically contested words as 'democracy,' 'democratization,' and 'people.' Chapters 4 and 5 discuss the way in which communist patterns of thought and expression manifest themselves in the new political discourse in Romania and Bulgaria, respectively. Chapter 6 examines phenomena of change and continuity in the socio-linguistic and socio-political scene of post-Soviet Latvia. Chapter 7 analyzes the extent to which the language of the post-communist Romanian media differs from the official language of the communist era. Chapter 8 examines the evolution of Russian official discourse since the late eighties with a view of showing 'whether or not new phenomena in the evolution of post-Soviet discourse represent new development or just a mutation of the value-orientations of the old Soviet ideological apparatus.' Chapter 9 gives a detailed and lucid account of the evolution of both official and non-official discourse in China since the end of the Mao era.
Letting the Other Speak
Authors: Hartman Tracy
Published: February 2025

From prostitutes to polygamy, witches to widows, foreigners to slaves, the Bible is full of texts about women who have been classified as “other” and pushed to the margins of society. In the academy, feminist, liberation and post-colonial theologians have challenged the disparaging categorization of these biblical women and redefined them as sacred insiders, whose contributions to Judeo-Christian history offer ongoing lessons about the inclusive nature of God. Letting the Other Speak: Proclaiming the Stories of Biblical Women helps pastors, Christian educators, professors and theological students bring the stories of six controversial biblical women to congregations by surveying historical and contemporary exegetical work on each passage, modeling exegeting a congregation in preparation for moving from text to sermon, and providing two sample sermons, one prophetic and one pastoral, for each text.
Power, Place, and State-Society Relations in Korea
Authors: Han Jongwoo
Published: February 2025

No book has addressed the simultaneous phenomena of Korea’s rapid economic development and its vibrant democratization in a single coherent paradigm. The late developmentalist approach emphasizes the strong role of Korea’s state and bureaucratic efficiency but does not explain how political development was concurrent with the economic miracles in the Han River; modernization and dependence theories also fail to explain the aspect of simultaneity in this phenomenon. What these three theories commonly miss is the unique relationship between state and society in Korea’s long history of political culture. In this book, Jongwoo Han takes a holistic approach to understanding these phenomena by examining the state’s role in the unprecedented economic development and society’s capabilities to resist the state’s centralized power.

Han re-articulates state-society relations through Onuf’s social constructivist approach based on three rules of a political community: hegemony, hierarchy, and heteronomy. This book expands upon this effort to re-construct the state and society relations in two ways. First, it produces case studies of the capital city of Hanyang (Joseon Dynasty from 1392 to 1910), Kyeongseong (Japanese colonial control from 1910 to 1945), and Seoul (1945-current). The capital city is analyzed as a container for the major ideologies and ways of thinking that have shaped three important political eras. Second, i adopts two indigenous thoughts, Neo-Confucianism and geomancy, as sources of the main political and cultural ideologies that shape Korea’s state and society relations. These sources have never been treated as units of political analysis. This book finds that both Neo-Confucianism and geomancy, over two periods of Hanyang and Kyeongseong, are two main contributing factors of the emergence of the developmental state and vibrant democracy in Korea in the Seoul era.
The Role Ethics of Epictetus
Authors: Johnson Brian E.
Published: February 2025

The Role Ethics of Epictetus: Stoicism in Ordinary Life offers an original interpretation of Epictetus’s ethics and how he bases his ethics on an appeal to our roles in life. Epictetus believes that every individual is the bearer of many roles from sibling to citizen and that individuals are morally good if they fulfill the obligations associated with these roles. To understand Epictetus’s account of roles, scholars have often mistakenly looked backwards to Cicero’s earlier and more schematic account of roles. However, for Cicero, roles are merely a tool in the service of the virtue of decorum where decorum is one of the four canonical virtues—prudence, justice, greatness of spirit, and decorum. In contrast, Epictetus sets those virtues aside and offers roles as a complete ethical theory that does the work of those canonical virtues.

This book elucidates the unique features of Epictetus’s role based ethics. First, individuals have many roles and these roles are substantial enough that they may conflict. Second, although Epictetus is often taken to have only a sparse theory of appropriate action (or “duty” in older translations), Brian E. Johnson examines the criteria by which appropriate action is measured in order to demonstrate that Epictetus does have an account of appropriate action and that it is grounded in his account of roles. Finally, Epictetus downplays the Stoic ideal of the sage and replaces that figure with role-bound individuals who are supposed to inspire each of us to meet the challenges of our own roles. Instead of looking to sages, who have a perfect knowledge and action that we must imitate, Epictetus’s new ethical heroes are those we do not imitate in terms of knowledge or action, but simply in the way they approach the challenges of their roles.

The analysis found in The Role Ethics of Epictetus will be of great value both to students and scholars of ancient philosophy, ethics and moral philosophy, history, classics, and theology, and to the educated reader who admires Epictetus.
Smuggling
Authors: Karras Alan L.
Published: February 2025

In this lively book, Alan L. Karras traces the history of smuggling around the world and explores all aspects of this pervasive and enduring crime. Through a compelling set of cases drawn from a rich array of historical and contemporary sources, Karras shows how smuggling of every conceivable good has flourished in every place, at every time. Significantly, Karras draws a clear distinction between smugglers and their more popular criminal cousins, pirates, who operated in the open with a type of violence that was nearly always shunned by smugglers. Explaining the divergence between the two groups, the book illustrates both crossovers and differences.

At the same time, states and empires tolerated smuggling since eliminating smuggling was a sure route to a disgruntled and disorderly citizenry, and governments required order to remain in power. As a result, smuggling allowed individuals to negotiate an unstated social contract that minimized the role of government in their lives. Thus, Karras provocatively argues that smuggling was, and is, tightly woven into an uneasy relationship among governments, taxation, citizenship, and corruption.

Bringing smugglers and smuggling to life, this book provides a fascinating exploration for all readers interested in crime and corruption throughout modern history.
From Panthers to Promise Keepers
Authors: Newton Judith
Published: February 2025

Written for a general audience, From Panthers to Promise Keepers draws on years of readings about, interviews with, and intimate observations of the men and networks who were involved in what some have called 'the men's movement.' Focusing on the decades between 1950 and 2000 in the U.S., From Panthers to Promise Keepers places networks of gay men and of black men (and women) at the center of its investigations, exploring some of the unexpected ways in which these seemingly marginal networks were precursors to, rather than mere followers of, the white and heterosexual men's groups that followed and that became the objects of media attention. This study also demonstrates that networks with radically different positions on important social issues nonetheless shared two related activities—criticizing individualist, self-making values and attempting, through surprisingly similar ritual practices, to construct ideals of masculinity that were more expressive of vulnerability, tenderness, and care. Men's politically varied efforts to refashion masculine ideals during the last 50 years have contributed to a different global climate with respect to masculinities. Near the end of the 1990s, agencies such as UNESCO helped the reform of masculine ideals become more widely seen as a necessary component of movements for social justice and a 'culture of peace.' Current efforts to revive a more aggressive and force-based masculine ideal, a 'masculinity for a culture of war,' are one of many testaments to the cultural resonance of what has been called 'the men's movement.'
Approximate Justice
Authors: Sher George
Published: February 2025

In this book, distinguished philosopher George Sher explores the normative moral and social problems that arise from living in a decidedly non-ideal world_a world that contains immorality, evil, and injustice, and in which resources (including knowledge) are often inadequate. Sher confronts difficult issues surrounding preferential treatment and equal opportunity, compensatory justice and punishment, the allocation of goods by lottery, and abortion and moral compromise. In each case, Sher asks not what an ideal society would involve, but how we should deal with failures to live up to individual or social ideals. Challenging current academic orthodoxy, Sher's work is sure to incite discussion among students and scholars alike. Approximate Justice is an engaging and provocative book that will excite anyone with interest in social and political philosophy, justice, and law.
Surface Collection
Authors: Byrne Denis
Published: February 2025

Written as a travelogue, Surface Collection: Archaeological Travels in Southeast Asia tackles the most pressing issues of cultural-heritage management in an engaging and accessible way. In each chapter the author makes the past relevant to the present through his encounters with archaeological sites. While the book's anecdotes are associated primarily with Thailand and Indonesia—from a decaying National Museum in Manila, to the search for traces of the thousands of Communists who were killed after an attempted coup in Bali, to the discovery of a bottle of perfume found among the personal effects of Indonesian ex-president Sukarno—they have broad international interest because of the issues they raise. These archaeological stories, again and again, remind us what history both remembers and conceals.
Reducing Youth Gang Violence
Authors: Spergel Irving A.
Published: February 2025

In this book, Irving Spergel details the efforts of his Chicago youth gang project, a comprehensive, community-based model designed to reduce gang problems, including violence and illegal drug activity. He offers an in-depth description of the Little Village Gang Violence Reduction Project, revealing the successes and failures of intervention at each level: individual youths, the gang itself, and the community at large. Spergel relates how a coalition of criminal justice, neighborhood, and academic organizations_along with a team of tactical officers, probation officers, former gang leaders, and a neighborhood organization_developed strategies for dealing with hardcore violent male youths from two gangs: the Latin Kings and Two Six. This well-known project has become the model for a series of national initiatives. Policymakers, criminologists, and gang researchers will find this model valuable for assessing gang programs and reducing gang violence.
A Hundred Flowers Blossoming
Authors: Yang Xiao-Ming
Published: February 2025

A Hundred Flowers Blossoming is a collection of literary essays written by faculty members of Xi'an International Studies University, China with two distinctive features. The first one is a Chinese perspective on Western literary works, which is normally not found in the scholarship in the West. The second is the feministic stance demonstrated in most articles, as most of the contributors are female. There are four parts in this collection. Part One is titled 'A Room of Her Own' and shows the feminist approach to literary works. Part Two is titled 'Through the Chinese Lens,' as it presents a Chinese perspective in the analysis of the literary works. 'Form Is Meaning' is the title of Part Three, which approaches literary works from a structuralist perspective. Part Four includes two articles: one exploring the theme of death in Joyce's Dubliners and the other reexamining the images of Faulkner's Trio of Hunting Tales.
Commercial Providence
Authors: Mendis Patrick
Published: February 2025

What is behind the success of America? Does America manifest its destiny by other means? Author Patrick Mendis explores unseen forces that have guided America to global dominance. He details how the creation of Madison's 'Universal Empire' through Hamilton's 'Federalism' realizes Jefferson's 'Empire of Liberty.' The author then unveils America's Masonic endgame of universal brotherhood: E Pluribus Unum.
Selenium in Plants: Biofortification, Toxicity, and Redox State Balance
Authors: José Rodrigues Cruz Flávio
Published: February 2025

Selenium is a beneficial nutrient for plants because it improves some physiological indicators and increases plant growth and production in low concentrations. In general, in several plant species, selenium levels below 8 μM have a biofortifying effect. However, under high concentrations, selenium metabolization causes depletion of cellular levels of glutathione, protein misfolding, redox imbalance, and, consequently, reduced plant growth. This chapter proposes a systematic review of the biofortifying and toxic mechanisms triggered by selenium, based on physiological, biochemical, and plant growth responses. Understanding these responses will contribute to improving the understanding of the basic mechanisms of biofortification and selenium toxicity in higher plants, particularly in plants native to the Amazon. In these plants, selenium can modulate the greater synthesis of secondary metabolism compounds, which have been proven to have nutraceutical and pharmacological importance, such as spilanthol.
Applications of Ionic Liquids in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Rani Sadia , Irfan Ali , Aslam Samina , A. Shazly Gamal , Hameed Huma , Zaman Muhammad , Samad Noreen , A. Bin Jardan Yousef
Published: February 2025

Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as a cutting-edge frontier in the realm of science and technology, offering a unique blend of tunable physicochemical and biological features with eco-friendly characteristics. Thus, ILs exhibit a broad spectrum of applications in pharmacology, pharmaceuticals, medicine, and pharmaceutical fields, providing solutions to challenges in drug formulation and delivery. The focus of this chapter is on the application of IL methodologies and strategies to resolve critical issues within the pharmaceutical field, such as polymorphism, low solubility, stability, and bioavailability, which are problems with solid-state pharmaceuticals. The innovative use of ILs as carriers for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) presents a highly promising avenue for addressing these challenges. In conclusion, this chapter detailed the utilization of ILs in pharmaceutical applications, and the strategic design of liquid salts has the potential to revolutionize the way we address critical issues in drug development, manufacturing, and developing biocompatible ILs.
Dietary Phytochemical Index and Oxidative Balance Score Could Effect on Bone Mass Density
Authors: Mahmoodi Marzieh , Souni Fateme , Tavassoli Nejad Elham , Shateri Zainab , Nouri Mehran
Published: February 2025

Osteopenia is defined as a condition characterized by reduced bone mineral density, influenced by various factors. It is understood that following a healthy lifestyle, including factors such as maintaining an adequate diet, exposure to sunlight, and regular physical activity, can play an important role in preventing some disorders while potentially causing others. Diet is one of the modifiable lifestyle factors that potentially plays an important role in either promoting or mitigating oxidative stress, depending on whether it contains oxidants or antioxidants. Assessing the intake of specific nutrients is crucial for bone health, and is significant through the evaluation of dietary indices. In summary, all reviewed findings suggest that adhering to a plant-based diet rich in phytochemicals and specific antioxidants may enhance the attainment of optimal bone mass and decrease the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis.
More Consumption of Ultra-Processed and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Could Increase Odds of Sarcopenia in Kidney Diseases
Authors: Mahmoodi Marzieh , Mansouri Fatemeh , Makhtoomi Maede , Shateri Zainab , Nouri Mehran
Published: February 2025

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a degenerative condition characterized by the gradual deterioration of renal function. Among the risk factors for the disease, older age, ethnicity, low birth weight, and family history of kidney disease are the most important. Other significant risk factors include smoking, obesity, hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, exposure to heavy metals, chronic alcohol consumption, and the use of analgesic medications. Findings have also shown the relationship between CKD and sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases with the severity of CKD, independent of the definition of sarcopenia used. Muscle wasting in CKD is multifactorial. Several factors related to the development of chronic kidney failure lead to muscle loss, making CKD an independent risk factor for sarcopenia. Increasing age and female gender are known as non-modifiable risk factors for sarcopenia, while dietary intake is considered a modifiable risk factor. In the elderly, nutritional imbalances have been reported due to age-related physiological changes, such as loss of appetite, diminished senses of taste and thirst, and impaired nutrient absorption and utilization. Poor diet quality can potential increase the risk of worsening sarcopenia in CKD patients. Therefore, nutritional recommendations for CKD patients should emphasize nutrient-dense foods to support overall health and mitigate the risk of sarcopenia.
Extending the Range of Electric Aircraft Using Infrastructure Objects
Authors: Težak Sergej , Sever Drago
Published: February 2025

This chapter presents the concept of infrastructure objects that can be used to increase the range of electric aircraft. First, the achievements of electric aircraft powered by batteries will be introduced. The main issue lies in their limited range and the considerable weight of the batteries. To enhance this, the chapter presents infrastructure solutions enabling electric aircraft to fly longer distances. Conventional infrastructure solutions are depicted as expanded airports with additional parking spaces equipped for recharging aircraft with electric power, as well as in the form of floating airports for transoceanic flights. Unconventional infrastructure solutions are portrayed as uplifting towers that generate sufficient updrafts to provide extra altitude for electric aircraft. Simultaneously, these towers can function as power stations harnessing energy from the updraft winds. Based on this, a flying system can be established for aircraft that require minimal or even no additional energy for flight.
Insights on the Air Quality Story, Standard’s Evolution, and IoT’s Role to Monitor IAQ for an Appropriate Indoor Environment
Authors: Mostefa Tounsi Ikram , Sabeur Amina , Morsli Souad , El Ganaoui Mohammed
Published: February 2025

In recent decades, the degradation of air quality has become a growing global concern, driven by rapid industrialization, increased urbanization, and the emergence of new health threats such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This chapter explores the evolution of indoor air quality (IAQ) as a critical issue, with a focus on the development and implementation of international guidelines and standards that regulate key indoor pollutants, including carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5). These standards apply to diverse environments such as hospitals, office buildings, and enclosed transport cabins, where maintaining healthy air quality is vital for human well-being. A central theme of the chapter is the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into IAQ monitoring and management systems. Specifically, the study highlights how Low-Cost Sensors (LCSs) are transforming traditional air quality monitoring by enabling real-time, continuous tracking of indoor pollutants. The chapter examines the role of IoT-based technologies in enhancing regulatory compliance, improving IAQ management practices, and providing actionable data for mitigating pollutant exposure. Furthermore, it assesses the challenges and opportunities presented by IoT adoption in IAQ management, including issues related to sensor accuracy, data privacy, and long-term sustainability. By analyzing case studies and real-world applications, this chapter offers key insights into how technological advancements are shaping the future of IAQ management. The findings underscore the importance of aligning technological innovation with evolving air quality standards to ensure safer and healthier indoor environments. Ultimately, this work contributes to the broader discourse on how IoT and smart sensor networks can support global efforts to enhance air quality in both public and private indoor spaces.
Nanocellulose, a Promising Raw Material: Improving the Scalability of TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation Process
Authors: Luis Sanchez-Salvador Jose , Xu Hongyu , Balea Ana , Fuente Elena , Concepcion Monte M. , Blanco Angeles , Negro Carlos
Published: February 2025

Nanocellulose is a promising raw material due to its distinctive properties, including renewable origin, biodegradability, lightweight, and high mechanical strength. It has a very high potential to enhance products in a broad spectrum of applications. However, the production of highly fibrillated cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) remains costly due to the high energy and chemical consumption. TEMPO-mediated oxidation (TMO) is the most widely accepted pretreatment for CNF production due to its high efficiency and selectivity. However, challenges associated with scaling up this process are limiting their implementation, as high catalysts and oxidant doses, extended reaction times, and large reaction volumes. Several strategies have been developed with the aim of enhancing the CNF production and optimizing the overall process. These strategies include real-time monitoring of the reaction parameters, optimizing pulp concentration, reusing the reaction medium, and using different reactor configurations such as kneaders and twin-screw extruders. These advancements are reviewed to show the significant and critical progress carried out in the last decade toward achieving more efficient and sustainable nanocellulose production.
Oxidative Stress and Male Subfertility: Recent Detection Methodologies
Authors: Karkalousos Petros , Trapali Maria , Albert Karikas George
Published: February 2025

The high concentrations of ROS/RNS/RSS free radicals and neutral compounds have a negative effect on human fertility, both in men and women. The overall result is known as oxidative stress, which also impacts male infertility and has been confirmed in both animal models and infertile men by basic semen analysis. Determination of oxidative stress is not a routine test, but its consequences are diagnosed indirectly by the low values of basic semen parameters and the poor sperm function and by assessing the man’s overall lifestyle. According to a plethora of epidemiology/clinical data, oxidative stress could be reduced by radical lifestyle interventions such as antioxidant nutrition intake, weight loss, and smoking and alcohol cessation. This chapter presents the reactive species generation; their crucial relation/mechanisms with body disorders/diseases, in general; and more specific lab measurements on human sperm (e.g., decrease of basic semen analysis, increase of sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm apoptosis). Special mention will be made toward the trace elements Zn, Se, and Cu’s importance in male reproductive system.
Human Development Then and Now: A Brief View on the Challenge for Education in the Digital Era
Authors: Centurión Diosnel
Published: February 2025

The concept of human development has shifted from an economic focus to a broader approach prioritizing well-being and opportunities. This understanding integrates health, education, equity, environment, and cultural identity. Sustainable human development aims to expand individual capabilities, promote social equity, and ensure quality of life. It emphasizes cultural diversity, gender equality, human rights, and environmental sustainability. In Paraguay, it includes social equity, inclusive education, judicial fairness, wealth redistribution, and prioritizing science, technology, and higher education to meet local market needs. The human development paradigm emphasizes expanding opportunities, enhancing human capabilities, and empowering individuals to shape their futures. It advocates for structural changes integrating social, cultural, political, and environmental dimensions for sustainable progress. Education is essential for human and community development. It is seen as a lifelong process influenced by family, community, and diverse experiences, and it is crucial for economic productivity and social liberation. Drawing on Paulo Freire’s pedagogy, education is viewed as a tool for emancipation and societal transformation, emphasizing critical consciousness and humanizing education in multicultural contexts. Technology`s role in education is to enhance personalized learning, skill development, and inclusivity. Technologies like AI support personalized education, adapting to individual needs and cognitive and personal growth. However, challenges such as digital inequality, technological dependence, and cybersecurity concerns must be managed to ensure technology’s positive impact. It has to be integrated for digital literacy, creativity, collaboration, and lifelong learning, using it equitably to avoid inequalities and ensure benefits for learners.
Multifunctional Biosensing In Vivo with Optical Manipulation
Authors: Liu Xiaoshuai , Xie Yanzheng
Published: February 2025

The multifunctional biosensing at specific positions, without destroying the epidermal tissue, is of great importance for the early diagnosis and accurate therapy of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Conventional detection techniques are usually based on needle-type microelectrode and molecular imaging for in situ detection and quantitative characterization in vivo. However, due to the characteristics of direct contact and invasive implantation, it is easy to cause large tissue trauma to organisms as well as a series of postoperative complications. Therefore, an in vivo detection technique needs to be developed that not only allows the active control of the fluorescent probes but also enables noninvasive detection at sub-micrometer resolution. In this chapter, we will introduce the emerging biosensing strategy by an organic integration of optical manipulation and fluorescent imaging technique, which enables fully active control of the nanoprobe noninvasively in vivo as well as multipoint detection at sub-micrometer resolution. Moreover, the reported strategy could achieve the in situ characterization for the overexpression and heterogenous distribution of biomarkers in the thrombus and even extend to perform the desired thrombus removal in a highly programmable and selective manner.
Individual Differences in Emotion-Regulation Development
Authors: Favini Ainzara , Teresa Virzì Alessia , Lunetti Carolina , Cannito Loreta , Quarto Tiziana , Palladino Paola
Published: February 2025

The present chapter examines individual differences in emotionality and emotion regulation from a developmental perspective, considering the dispositional and endogenous characteristics of emotion-related processes and specific emotion regulation behaviors. Individual differences represent psychological, cognitive, and emotional aspects of individuals’ characteristics through the life span, developed from biological (i.e., heritable aspects) and contextual (i.e., non-heritable aspects) factors. Addressing individual differences in thinking, behaving, and experiencing emotions is crucial for studying psychological adjustment because these differences can explain how and why people follow adaptive or maladaptive pathways during their lives. Dispositionally, individual differences in emotion regulation conceive temperamental characteristics of emotionality, particularly negative emotionality tendencies, defined as individual differences in susceptibility to negative emotions (sadness, anxiety, fear, anger, or frustration) and the frequency of negative emotional responses. Another aspect that plays a fundamental role is individuals’ beliefs, conceptualized as self-efficacy beliefs, the ability to be a proactive actor in the context. Self-efficacy in emotion regulation is a complex process of initiating, avoiding, inhibiting, maintaining, or modulating internal feelings and different emotion-related components (i.e., physiological processes, cognition, and behavior), which can influence individuals’ adjustment. Regulatory emotional self-efficacy can mediate and affect the expression and modulation of emotions.