bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalized interstitial granuloma annulare – response to adalimumab
Authors: Werchau Siegfried , Enk Alexander , Hartmann Martin
Published: March 2010

Background  Cause and pathogenesis of granuloma annulare are poorly understood. A foreign‐body granuloma formation induced by an unknown inciting antigen is suspected. Generalized forms often coincides with recalcitrant progression and frustrated experimental therapies.

Methods  We report a case of generalized interstitial granuloma annulare resolving completely after treatment with adalimumab. An initial dose of 80 mg was administered subcutaneously followed by a maintenance dose of 40 mg every two weeks.

Results  Already after two weeks, the eruptions became less infiltrated and paled. After a follow up of 7 weeks, only a residuum of postinflammatory hyperpigmented maculae without infiltration presented. The initially affected body surface area of over 35% reduced to less than 5%. Histopathological examination revealed a significant reduction in the interstitial histiocytic infiltration and the precipitations of mucin.

Conclusion  Although adalimumab should not be first line therapy for granuloma annulare, our case showed that it may profit well‐selected patients and shorten disease duration.
Skin‐lightening practice among women living in Jordan: prevalence, determinants, and user’s awareness
Authors: Hamed Saja H. , Tayyem Reema , Nimer Nisreen , AlKhatib Hatim S.
Published: March 2010

Background  The use and misuse of skin‐lightening products among women living in Arab communities have not been documented previously. This study investigates the determinants, the prevalence and users awareness associated with the use and misuse of skin‐lightening products among women living in Jordan.

Method  Female customers arriving at selected pharmacy stores were randomly asked to complete a questionnaire.

Results  A total of 318 women completed the questionnaire, of which 60.7% reported the use of skin‐lightening products. Users included women from different age and economic groups. Main reasons for use were preference of lighter skin tone, the treatment of hyperpigmentary disorders or both. More than a third of the users were not aware of the potential side effects of these products. A significantly larger proportion of skin‐lightening product users believed that lighter skin tone plays a role in self‐esteem, perception of beauty and youth, marriage and employment opportunities when compared with nonusers.

Conclusion  Skin lightening is a common practice among women living in Jordan. It is reinforced by the association of lighter skin tone with a number of perceived benefits including perception of beauty, job and marriage opportunity. User’s awareness regarding the safety of skin‐lightening products and instructions for proper use are important considerations when developing interventions to control the misuse of these products.
Transurethral injection therapy with carbon‐coated beads (Durasphere®) for treatment of recurrent pyelonephritis in kidney transplant patients with vesico‐ureteral reflux to the allograft
Authors: Antonopoulos Ioannis M. , Piovesan Affonso C. , Falci Jr Renato , Kanashiro Hideki , Saito Fernando J.A. , Nahas William C.
Published: March 2010

Antonopoulos IM, Piovesan AC, Falci R Jr, Kanashiro H, Saito FJA, Nahas WC. Transurethral injection therapy with carbon‐coated beads (Durasphere®) for treatment of recurrent pyelonephritis in kidney transplant patients with vesico‐ureteral reflux to the allograft.  Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 329–333. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Abstract:  Introduction and objectives:  Recurrent transplant pyelonephritis (RTP) secondary to vesico‐ureteral reflux (VUR) to the transplant kidney (KTx) remains a significant cause of infectious complications with impact on patient and graft outcomes. Our objective was to verify the safety and efficacy of transurethral injection of Durasphere® to relieve RTP secondary to VUR after renal transplantation.

Patients and methods:  Between June 2004 and July 2008, eight patients with RTP (defined as two or more episodes of pyelonephritis after transplantation) and VUR to the KTx were treated with subureteral injections of Durasphere®. The mean age at surgery was 38.8 ± 13.8 yr (23–65). The patients were followed regularly every six months. The mean interval between the KTx and the treatment was 76 ± 74.1 (10–238 months). The mean follow‐up was 22.3 ± 16.1 months (8–57 months).

Results:  Six patients (75%) were free of pyelonephritis during a mean period of follow‐up of 23.2 ± 17.1 months (8–57 months). Two of them had no VUR and four cases presented with G II VUR (pre‐operative G IV three cases and one case G III). In one case, symptomatic recurrent cystitis made a second treatment necessary. This patient remained free of infections for three yr after the first treatment and for 18 months after the second treatment. Of the remaining two patients, one had six episodes of RTP before treatment in a period of three yr and only two episodes after treatment in two yr of follow‐up. The last case had a new episode of pyelonephritis five months after treatment.

Conclusions:  Transurethral injection therapy with Durasphere® is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment option for KTx patients with recurrent RTP. A second treatment seems to be necessary in some cases.
Reducing delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture: a multi‐factorial intervention study
Authors: BJÖRKELUND K. B. , HOMMEL A. , THORNGREN K.‐G. , GUSTAFSON L. , LARSSON S. , LUNDBERG D.
Published: March 2010

Background: There is an evident need for improved management of elderly patients with trauma in order to avoid common and troublesome complications such as delirium. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an implementation of a multi‐factorial program including intensified pre‐hospital and perioperative treatment and care could reduce the incidence of delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture, cognitively intact at admission to the hospital. In addition, we explored the factors that characterize patients who developed delirium.

Methods: A prospective, quasi‐experimental design was used. A total of 263 patients with hip fracture (≥65 years), cognitively intact at admission, were consecutively included between April 2003 and April 2004. On 1 October 2003, a new program was introduced. All patients were screened for cognitive impairment within 30 min after admission to the emergency department using The Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). To screen for delirium, patients were tested within 4 h of admission and thereafter daily, using the Organic Brain Syndrome scale.

Results: The number of patients who developed delirium during hospitalization was 74 (28.1%), with a decrease from 34% (45 of 132) in the control group to 22% (29 of 131) in the intervention group (P=0.031). Patients who developed delirium were statistically older, more often had >4 prescribed drugs at admission and scored less well in the SPMSQ test.

Conclusion: The use of a multi‐factorial intervention program in elderly hip fracture patients, lucid at admission, reduced the incidence of delirium during hospitalization by 35%.
The influence of reef type and seasonality on population structure of coral‐reef fishes within Malindi Marine Park, Kenya
Authors: Locham Gamoe A. , Kaunda‐Arara Boaz , Mlewa Chrisestom M.
Published: March 2010

Effective conservation requires knowledge of the effects of habitat on distribution and abundance of organisms. Although the structure of coral reef fish assemblages is strongly correlated with attributes of reef structure, data relating reef types to fish assemblages are scarce. In this study we describe the influence of gross habitat characteristics and seasonality on coral reef fish assemblages of fringing and patch reefs in Kenya. Results showed that total fish abundance was not significantly different between the reefs; however, the fringing reef had higher species diversity during both the northeast (42 spp.) and southeast (36 spp.) monsoon seasons when compared to the patch reef. The more fished species (e.g. Siganus sutor and Lethrinus mahsena) were more abundant on the patch reef in both seasons. Statistical analysis indicated common species between the reefs were more abundant on the fringing reef. Seasons affected abundance of the more vagile species (S. sutor), whereas the reef‐attached sky emperor, L. mahsena was affected more by reef type than by seasons. No significant interaction effects of habitat and seasons were found, indicating independence of habitat and environmental variability in affecting fish assemblages on the reefs. Smaller sized fish dominated the fringing reef more than the patch reef, whereas the skewness index (Sk) indicated a normal‐sized frequency distribution on the patch reef. Trophic structure of the fishes varied more within than between reefs, whereas fish assemblage structure was affected more by seasons on the fringing reef. These results suggest that conservation measures such as marine protected area (MPA) design and setting should consider effects of reef morphology and environmental variability on coral‐reef fish assemblage structure.
Duplication cyst of oesophagus: A case report
Authors: Gupta Bulbul , Meher Ravi , Raj Anoop , Agarwal Satish
Published: March 2010

Duplication of the oesophagus is the second most common duplication of the gastrointestinal tract. Children with oesophageal duplication cyst usually present with dysphagia or as asymptomatic thoracic mass found o incidental chest x‐ray. We report a case of oesophageal duplication cyst that presented with inspiratory stridor and dyspnoea in a 6 month old boy. Bronchoscopy revealed an external compression on the trachea. Duplication cyst arising from the oesophagus was suggested on CT and MRI. The cyst was surgically excised with resolution of symptoms.
Non‐axial bone fracture but not depression as a risk factor for coeliac disease
Authors: Tan V. P. , Ching S.‐L. , Anderson R. P. , Gibson P. R.
Published: March 2010

Screening for coeliac disease is confined to subgroups at greater risk for the disease, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroid disease and family members of affected individuals. This study examined the hypothesis that patients taking antidepressants or presenting with fractures could represent new subgroups at higher risk for coeliac disease. A total of 105 and 199 consecutive patients presenting to hospital taking antidepressants and/or with a fracture was screened with IgA tissue transglutaminase and had their IgA serum levels quantified. Patients with positive serology were offered further diagnostic and management follow up. No patients taking antidepressants had positive serology. Seven with fractures had elevated titres of IgA tissue transglutaminase. All of these patients had presented with non‐axial fractures, representing a prevalence of 5.2% (95% confidence interval: 1.4–8.9%). Uptake of further investigation and management was poor. Patients presenting with non‐axial fractures may be a subgroup in whom coeliac screening may be indicated. There needs to be greater awareness of atypical presentations of coeliac disease.
Single‐port transvesical enucleation of the prostate: a clinical report of 34 cases
Authors: Desai Mihir M. , Fareed Khaled , Berger Andre K. , Astigueta Juan Carlos , Irwin Brian H. , Aron Monish , Ulchaker James , Sotelo Rene
Published: March 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4

OBJECTIVE

To present our experience with single‐port transvesical enucleation of the prostate (STEP) in 34 patients with large‐volume benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We performed STEP in 34 patients with large volume (>60 g) BPH (mean age 69 years, body mass index 26 kg/m2, and American Society of Anesthesiology class 2). The mean prostate volume estimated by transrectal ultrasonography was 102.5 mL and the mean baseline prostate‐specific antigen level was 6.7 ng/mL. A novel single‐port device was inserted percutaneously into the bladder through a 2–3 cm incision in the suprapubic skin crease. After establishing pneumovesicum, the prostate adenoma was enucleated transvesically using standard laparoscopic instruments, and the adenoma was extracted in pieces through the port. Digital assistance expedited enucleation of the apical adenoma in 19 (55%) cases.

RESULTS

Transvesical enucleation was completed in all 34 cases; the mean operative duration was 116 min, and the estimated blood loss was 460 mL. There was one death from postoperative bleeding from uncontrolled coagulopathy in a Jehovah’s Witness who refused a transfusion of blood and blood products. There were three complications during STEP (one death, one bowel injury and one haemorrhage) and five afterwards (four bleeding, one epididymo‐orchitis). Open conversion was necessary in two patients for complications, and extension of the skin incision by 1–2 cm was necessary in two to expedite apical digital enucleation. The mean hospital stay was 3 days and mean analogue pain score at discharge was 2. All 33 patients (excluding the patient who died) were voiding spontaneously at a maximum follow‐up of 8 months, with a mean American Urologic Association symptom score of 3, a maximum urinary flow rate of 44 mL/s, and a postvoid residual of 30 mL at the latest follow‐up. No patient developed urinary incontinence.

CONCLUSIONS

STEP is an effective treatment option for selected patients with large‐volume obstructive BPH. Under pneumovesicum using laparoscopic visualization, the entire adenoma can be effectively enucleated and expeditiously extracted through the novel single port. Comparison of the STEP procedure with other open and transurethral techniques will determine its place in the surgical treatment of large‐volume BPH.
WHY CHINA INDUSTRIALIZED AFTER ENGLAND
Authors: KAHN BARRY S.
Published: March 2010

Although industrialization first occurred in England, it is thought that China, not England, may have been the world leader in technology at the time. Yet, China did not industrialize until 150 yr after England and nearly a century after less advanced European countries. This represents a puzzle because two‐sector neoclassical growth models, such as Hansen and Prescott (2002), that accurately match industrialization, require that more technologically advanced countries industrialize at an earlier date. I find that a model that accounts for cross‐country heterogeneities in population density accurately predicts the timing of industrialization in China. (JEL F43, N10, N30, O11, O14, O41)
Political Marketing Models: The Curious Incident of the Dog that Doesn't Bark
Authors: Savigny Heather , Temple Mick
Published: March 2010

Contemporary politics has become dominated by the use of marketing strategies, techniques and principles. An academic literature has emerged in response to these empirical trends. Much of this literature is grounded in management marketing theory, and the contention of this article is that while this may provide a useful heuristic device, the models of political behaviour it proposes are seriously flawed by their assumptions of a passive or neutral role for the media. The intention here is, first, to restore agency to the media. This is achieved by highlighting their influence in shaping the political message, rather than simply disseminating it as implied by the management marketing models. Second, we draw attention to some of the key democratic implications of applying marketing to the practice of politics and highlight the potential role of the media as agents providing a corrective function to the democratic deficits we identify.
Patients with thrombolysed stroke in Vietnam have an excellent outcome: results from the Vietnam Thrombolysis Registry
Authors: Nguyen T. H. , Truong A. L. T. , Ngo M. B. , Bui C. T. Q. , Dinh Q. V. , Doan T. C. , Nguyen L. T. K. , Phan T. C. , Phan M. V. , Nguyen T. V. , Le T. V.
Published: March 2010

Background and purpose:  We present the early experience in thrombolysis in three major centers of Ho Chi Minh city, namely 115 People Hospital, Gia Dinh Hospital, and An Binh Hospital.

Methods:  A prospective study of consecutive patients treated with intravenous tPA with a treatment protocol similar to that of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) trial. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores on admission and Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) scores at 3 months were measured for all patients. Intracranial and systemic hemorrhagic complications were recorded.

Result:  A total of 121 of 6171 (2%) patients with acute IS received thrombolysis over 3 years. Mean age was 57 years (range 18–78) and initial median NIHSS score was 12 (range 5–23). The mean delay between symptom onset and treatment was 143 min (range 50–210). Seventy‐three (60.3%) patients received the standard dose with the remaining 48 patients (36.9%) treated with a lower dose, a mean calculated dose of 0.62 mg/kg (range, 0.6–0.86 mg/kg). Over half (56.3%) of the patients receiving low dose achieved functional independence (mRS score 0–1) at 3 months compared with 34.2% in the standard‐dose group (P = 0.01). The 3‐month mortality rate was also higher in the standard‐dose group (2.1% vs. 12.5% with standard‐dose tPA; P = 0.04). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was noted in four patients of standard‐dose group and one patient of low‐dose group (P = 0.36).

Conclusion:  Intravenous thrombolysis, particularly in a lower dose, is safe and feasible in the treatment of acute IS in our selected Vietnamese population.
Immunoproteasome deficiency alters retinal proteasome’s response to stress
Authors: Hussong Stacy A. , Kapphahn Rebecca J. , Phillips Stacia L. , Maldonado Marcela , Ferrington Deborah A.
Published: March 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 113, 1481–1490.

Our previous work demonstrated that immunoproteasome is up‐regulated in the retina and brain in response to injury that does not involve an inflammatory response (J. Neurochem. 2008; 106:158). These results suggest additional non‐immune functions for the immunoproteasome in the cellular stress response pathway. The present study further investigates the potential involvement of the immunoproteasome in responding to the chronic stress of aging or oxidant exposure in the retina and cultured retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells from knock‐out mice missing either one (lmp7−/−) or two (lmp7−/−/mecl‐1−/−) immunoproteasome subunits. We show that aging and chronic oxidative stress up‐regulates immunoproteasome in the retina and RPE from wild‐type mice. No up‐regulation of LMP2 was observed in retinas or RPE lacking MECL‐1 and/or LMP7, suggesting that the full complement of immunoproteasome subunits is required to achieve maximal up‐regulation in response to stress. We also show that RPE deficient in immunoproteasome are more susceptible to oxidation‐induced cell death, supporting a role for immunoproteasome in protecting from oxidative stress. These results provide key mechanistic insight into novel aspects of proteasome biology and are an important first step in identifying alternative roles for retinal immunoproteasome that are unrelated to its role in the immune response.
Immediate outcome of twin–twin transfusion syndrome following selective laser photocoagulation of communicating vessels at the NSW Fetal Therapy Centre
Authors: MERIKI N. , SMOLENIEC J. , CHALLIS D. , WELSH A.W.
Published: March 2010

Objective:  To audit the outcome for laser photocoagulation for twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) as managed by the New South Wales Fetal Therapy Centre (NSW FTC).

Methods:  A retrospective cohort study. Outcome data were reviewed for referrals between June 2003 and June 2008.The outcome measures included the severity of TTTS at presentation, delivery details (gestational age at delivery, birth weight and Apgar score at 5 min) and perinatal outcome (spontaneous miscarriage, premature rupture of membranes, intrauterine death, placental abruption and neonatal death).

Results:  Seventy‐nine patients were treated with laser therapy for stage I–IV TTTS (median stage III). Median gestational age at treatment was 20 weeks (range 16–25). Median gestational age at delivery was 32 weeks (range 24–40). Survival of at least one baby in this study was 90.7% (88.9% for anterior and 92.1% for posterior placenta), and of both babies was 60.0%. Median birth weight was 1788 g (range 490–3695). Median Apgar score was nine at 5 min. Three women required repeat laser treatment for persistent TTTS.

Conclusions:  Selective laser photocoagulation of communicating vessels remains the treatment of choice for TTTS. Referrals to the NSW FTC have increased from five cases in the last half of 2003, to 18 cases in the first half of 2008. Local outcome figures at least equal any in the published international literature and support a continued policy of centralised care in Australia. A two‐year follow‐up study on neonatal outcome for survivors is underway.
Long‐term follow‐up of women with gestational diabetes mellitus: The South Australian Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Recall Register
Authors: CHITTLEBOROUGH Catherine R. , BALDOCK Katherine L. , TAYLOR Anne W. , HAGUE William M. , WILLSON Toni , MARTIN Wendy , WOOD Jenny , PHILLIPS Patrick J.
Published: March 2010

Background:  Women who have had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Early detection and management of type 2 diabetes are important for reducing associated complications and costs.

Aims:  To evaluate an existing register for long‐term follow‐up of women who have been diagnosed with GDM.

Methods:  Recruitment to the GDM Recall Register began at the diabetes centres of two hospitals in South Australia from July 2002, and was expanded to include a third hospital from September 2005. Women enrolled on the Register are sent an annual letter reminding them that they are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and encouraging them to get their blood glucose checked. An update form is also included for women to complete and return to the Register.

Results:  As at 30 June 2009, 817 women were enrolled on the Register. Of women diagnosed with GDM at the participating hospital sites, recruitment to the Register was 68.4% in 2002 and 64.4% in 2007. Of the 429 women who had been sent their first reminder letter, 46.4% had returned the update form. Of these, 56.3% had undergone a glucose test for diabetes. Two women reported developing type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions:  Expansion of the GDM Recall Register is likely to result in increased opportunities for early detection of diabetes for this high‐risk group in South Australia, therefore allowing earlier intervention and treatment to prevent or reduce serious, costly diabetes‐related complications.
Borders, Boundaries, and Blessing: Mission as Converting Hypocrites into Sinners
Authors: Brondos David A.
Published: March 2010

Abstract:  Rather than seeing inequity on different sides of borders as the result of God having blessed some people more than others, it must be considered the consequence of sinful and unjust systems and structures to which we all contribute. According to Jesus' teaching and practice, only as we see ourselves as sinners in need of help and healing can we fulfill the mission of serving as God's instruments to promote justice and equity on all sides of the borders and boundaries that exist in our world.
Ventricular Fibrillation and Ventricular Tachycardia Triggered by Late‐Coupled Ventricular Extrasystoles in a Brugada Syndrome Patient
Authors: CHINUSHI MASAOMI , FURUSHIMA HIROSHI , HOSAKA YUKIO , IZUMI DAISUKE , AIZAWA YOSHIFUSA
Published: March 2010

Premature ventricular complexes (PVC) falling after the end of the T wave triggered ventricular fibrillation (VF) at night and monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (MVT) during daytime, in a recipient of implantable cardioverter defibrillator with Brugada syndrome. Treatment with bepridil (1) decreased the height of ST segment elevation in leads V1‐V3, (2) completely eliminated VF, and (3) markedly decreased the incidence of PVC and MVT. Albeit rare, VF can be triggered by late‐coupled PVC, due to a mechanism other than phase 2 reentry in some patients with Brugada syndrome. (PACE 2011; e1–e5)
Transvenous Dual Site Left Ventricular Pacing to Lower Elevated Pacing Thresholds
Authors: HARDING MELISSA E. , PALMA EUGEN C.
Published: March 2010

Dual site left ventricular pacing through two left ventricular pacing leads, located in discrete vessels, significantly lowered pacing thresholds from 6 V at 1 ms and 4.25V at 0.5 ms through the leads individually, to 0.75V at 0.5 ms by utilizing a Y‐adaptor to connect the two leads. (PACE 2011; e6–e8)
Spontaneous Deterioration of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia to Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia in the Absence of Heart Disease
Authors: MOONDRA VAIBHAV , SANGHA RAJBIR , GREENBERG MARK L.
Published: March 2010

Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is usually associated with a good prognosis. This is a case of a 57‐year woman who presented with supraventricular tachycardia that spontaneously deteriorated to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT). The PVT terminated without treatment after 16 seconds. Extensive cardiac evaluation including echocardiography, stress testing, coronary angiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal any structural heart disease. Electrophysiology testing demonstrated typical AVNRT which was successfully treated with cryoablation. The clinical ventricular tachycardia could not be reproduced despite the use of an aggressive induction protocol and isoproterenol. Postablation, exercise treadmill testing did not provoke any tachyarrhythmia. The patient is doing well 13 months later. In summary, we present the rare finding of a moderately fast, typical AVNRT degenerating to a long run of PVT, in the absence of any detectable heart disease or other etiology for PVT. (PACE 2011; 34:e14–e17)
Stubs Versus Swabs? A Comparison of Gunshot Residue Collection Techniques
Authors: Reid Lisa , Chana Kal , Bond John W. , Almond Matthew J. , Black Stuart
Published: March 2010

Abstract: The collection efficiency of two widely used gunshot residue (GSR) collection techniques—carbon‐coated adhesive stubs and alcohol swabs—has been compared by counting the number of characteristic GSR particles collected from the firing hand of a shooter after firing one round. Samples were analyzed with both scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐rays by an experienced GSR analyst, and the number of particles on each sample containing Pb, Ba, and Sb counted. The adhesive stubs showed a greater collection efficiency as all 24 samples gave positive results for GSR particles whereas the swabs gave only positive results for half of the 24 samples. Results showed a statistically significant collection efficiency for the stub collection method and likely reasons for this are considered.
Quick Screening of Crystal Methamphetamine/Methyl Sulfone Exhibits by Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Weston Robert G.
Published: March 2010

Abstract:  The analysis of mixtures of “crystal meth” (usually comprised of methyl sulfone [MS] and methamphetamine [MA]) by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GCMS) is routine in many forensic drug laboratories. The utilization of Raman spectroscopy for the identification of such mixtures quickly and without the need for a separation technique is discussed. Samples were dissolved in water and Raman spectra of the resulting aqueous solutions were collected. By comparing these spectra to spectra of methylsulfone and MA mixtures of known composition, an indication of the composition of the sample can be obtained in only a few minutes. This spectral comparison also can be used as a semi‐quantitative analysis of MA concentrations in such exhibits.
Ossification Degrees of Cranial Sutures Determined with Flat‐Panel Computed Tomography: Narrowing the Age Estimate with Extrema
Authors: Harth Sebastian , Obert Martin , Ramsthaler Frank , Reuß Christina , Traupe Horst , Verhoff Marcel A.
Published: March 2010

Abstract:  Since Broca’s time (1824–1880), ossification of the neurocranial sutures has been used as a characteristic of age. Current approaches include the visual macroscopic examination of ecto and endocranial sutures. The evaluation of the cross‐section of sutures usually necessitates the destruction of the neurocranium. In a nondestructive alternative approach that was tested within the context of the “Digital Forensic Osteology” project that ran in cooperation with the Virtopsy®‐Project, it emerged that the resolution of conventional multi‐slice computed tomography data sets was not high enough to image sutures. Thus for the experiments presented here, the eXplore Locus Ultra flat‐panel computed tomography scanner from GE Healthcare was used. Calottes were scanned during autopsy and then immediately returned to the corpse. So far, the skullcaps of 221 individuals have been scanned. The cross‐sections of 14 suture segments could be assessed for seven previously defined stages of ossification. In a converse step, the 14 highest and lowest age estimate values corresponding to the individual stages of suture closure found were estimated for each calotte. The obtained ranges narrowing down the age estimate were evaluated with statistics. A mean value of 43.31 years for the range of narrowed age estimates shows that this method can be a useful aid in estimating age. The results of intra‐ and inter‐observer tests showed good overall agreement between the findings of three observers. This method is suitable for a nondestructive age estimation and can be used for the entire calotte.
Parental Substance Abuse and Accidental Death in Children
Authors: Palmiere Cristian , Staub Christian , La Harpe Romano , Mangin Patrice
Published: March 2010

Abstract:  In this report, the authors present two cases of accidental death in children of addicted parents. In the first case, the child was left unattended at home while the mother went out to buy cocaine. She was arrested and detained with no mention of the unsupervised child. The cause of death in this case was determined to be starvation and dehydration. In the second case, a child mistakenly received a methadone suppository by her father instead of an antipyretic suppository. Toxicological analysis of the femoral blood revealed methadone at a concentration of 1.2 mg/L. The cause of death was determined to be methadone intoxication. The literature is reviewed and discussed. We report these cases to illustrate the risk of harm to children from illicit drugs and prescription medications at home and because there is no mention of accidental death in children following a methadone suppository administration in the current literature.
Nonchemical Suffocation Deaths in Forensic Setting: A 6‐Year Retrospective Study of Environmental Suffocation, Smothering, Choking, and Traumatic/Positional Asphyxia*
Authors: Boghossian Elie , Tambuscio Silvia , Sauvageau Anny
Published: March 2010

Abstract:  There are still several areas of forensic pathology mainly based on tradition, with textbooks explaining and describing common knowledge that is not supported by modern research data. This study is intended to contribute to evidence‐based data on nonchemical suffocation deaths in the forensic population aged more than 1 year. From 2000 to 2005, all autopsy cases were reviewed: age, gender, type of suffocation, and manner of death were compiled for all victims (96 cases). In general, the results from this study are concordant with the textbook literature, therefore supporting common knowledge related to manner of death in nonchemical suffocation. However, discrepancies have been underscored in smothering: smothering, contrary to the general belief, is probably not mostly homicidal, and accidental smothering is probably not that unusual. Furthermore, new data without actual literature correlates were obtained in the conducting of this study and are presented here.
Effect of body size and sex ratio on male alternative mating tactics of the West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus
Authors: Kumano Norikuni , Kuriwada Takashi , Shiromoto Keiko , Haraguchi Dai , Kohama Tsuguo
Published: March 2010

Male body size is considered to be one of the major determinants of mating success among many insect species. Because the effectiveness of the sterile insect technique (SIT) depends on the ability of released sterile males to mate with and inseminate wild females, it is indispensable to understand the effect of male body size on the mating behavior of both sexes for the progress of the SIT program. We investigated how male body size and the presence of other rival males affect the guarding and copulatory durations of the West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). In this species, males guard females before and after copulation. By observing the mating behavior under two sex‐ratio conditions (male‐to‐female ratios of 1:1 and 2:1), we found that small males hastened to court females when rival males were present, but the females rejected these small males as mates. Therefore, we consider that female weevils adopt a counter‐adaptation for mate preference in response to this male mating strategy. Body size did not affect the durations of copulation and post‐copulatory guarding. Although we found a conditional mating strategy for body size in E. postfasciatus, it is unlikely to have a large influence on the weevil‐eradication program using SIT.
Response of downstream migrating adult European eels (Anguilla anguilla) to bar racks under experimental conditions
Authors: Russon I. J. , Kemp P. S. , Calles O.
Published: March 2010

Russon IJ, Kemp PS, Calles O. Response of downstream migrating adult European eels (Anguilla anguilla) to bar racks under experimental conditions. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 197–205. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Abstract –  The behavioural response of downstream migrating nonsalmonid fish to hydraulic conditions associated with river infrastructure is poorly understood. The response of downstream migrating adult European eels (Anguilla anguilla) to bar racks (12 mm bar spacing) angled on the vertical and horizontal planes under different flow regimes and during periods of darkness was assessed. Eels predominantly moved along the channel floor and wall, tending to follow routes where turbulence intensity was high. Time taken to approach the racks was greater than expected if fish had moved passively with the flow. Eels did not exhibit clear avoidance behaviour prior to encountering the racks, instead marked changes in behaviour occurred only after physical contact was made with the structure. No impingement or passage through the racks occurred, and passes per approach were high (98.3%), when vertical racks were angled 15°, 30° or 45° relative to the flow. Impingement and passage through the racks only occurred when horizontally inclined racks were placed perpendicular to the flow. The time eels were impinged on the racks was negatively related to discharge when angled at 30° relative to the channel floor, and positively related when upright. Frequency of impingement was higher under low discharge (132.9 ± 16.6 l·s−1). Impinged eels escaped from racks at approach velocities of 0.90 ± 0.05 m·s−1. Passage through the upright rack was common under high discharge (278.9 ± 36.2 l·s−1). The information presented will improve current fish passage criteria for European eels that are required to develop more effective fish passage facilities.
The G1 cell cycle arrest of macrophages infected with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Kasai H , Nakashima K , Yokota M , Nishihara T
Published: March 2010

Oral Diseases (2010) 16, 305–309

Objectives:  Infection of murine macrophage cell line J774.1 with the periodontopathic bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans induces apoptotic cell death. The infection induces cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase prior to the appearance of apoptotic cells. This study determined the involvement of various cell cycle‐related signal molecules in A. actinomycetemcomitans‐induced G1 cell cycle arrest.

Materials and Methods:  Cell cycle in J774.1 cells infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans was analyzed with a flow cytometer. Immunoblot analysis was also employed to determine the expression levels of intracellular signal molecules.

Results:  Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the percentage of cells in the G1 phase increased to 77.2% at 12 h after A. actinomycetemcomitans infection. Additionally, according to immunoblot analysis, expression levels of hyperphosphorylated forms of retinoblastoma protein (ppRb) declined in J774.1 cells following A. actinomycetemcomitans infection, whereas hypophosphorylated Rb (pRb) expression levels were elevated slightly. Expression levels of cyclin D1 and D2 in the cells decreased gradually postinfection; CDK2, CDK4, CDK6 and cyclin E levels were not changed. Furthermore, postinfection, p21CIP1/WAF1 expression increased at 6 h, followed by a subsequent decrease.

Conclusion:  These findings suggest that cyclin D1 and D2 and p21CIP1/WAF1 participate in G1 cell cycle arrest in A. actinomycetemcomitans‐infected J774.1 cells.
Sexual Dysfunction Among Secondary School Teachers in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Adegunloye Olushola Abejide , Makanjuola Alfred Banso , Adelekan Moruf Lanrewaju
Published: March 2010

Introduction

There is an increasing emphasis on human sexuality, which may reflect cultural and scientific development in recent years.

Aim

To determine the prevalence, pattern of sexual dysfunction, and its associated factors among secondary school teachers in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.

Methods

Four hundred fifty consenting teachers were invited to complete an anonymous self administered questionnaire on demography as well as two to three other instruments for the assessment of human sexuality and general mental health status. This was thereafter collected by hand.

Main Outcome Measures

The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), a modified Sexual Activity Questionnaire (SAQ) and the General Health Questionnaire-30 (GHQ-30).

Results

The following prevalence rates were found: female anorgasmia (40%), lubrication failure (30%); dyspareunia (12%); erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, and male orgasmic disorder (23% each); loss of sexual desire (24%); sexual life dissatisfaction and relationship dissatisfaction 6 months prior to interview (10% each). Age was a significant factor in sexual dysfunction in males (erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, and male anorgasmia), also in females (lubrication failure, superficial dyspareunia, anorgasmia). Marital status was found to be significant in relationship satisfaction, overall sexual satisfaction and presence of sexual dysfunctions whereas GHQ-30 scores were significant in sexual dysfunction in both genders, except for female anorgasmia and premature ejaculation in males. However, a presence of psychiatric “caseness” was significantly found in overall sexual life dissatisfaction as well as relationship dissatisfaction.

Conclusion

The extent and pattern of sexual dysfunctions found in this study is comparable with those reported in earlier Nigerian studies. Despite this, there is apparently no health services specially designed to address sexual dysfunction among the teacher’s group or the general population at large. This study thus draws attention to the urgent need for services geared towards alleviating sexual problems in our society.
Hydrolysis of filter‐paper cellulose to glucose by two recombinant endogenous glycosyl hydrolases of Coptotermes formosanus
Authors: Zhang Dunhua , Lax Alan R. , Bland John M. , Yu Jiujiang , Fedorova Natalie , Nierman William C.
Published: March 2010

Abstract  Genes encoding for glycosyl hydrolases (GH) in multiple families were recovered from an expression sequence tag library of Coptotermes formosanus, a xylophagous lower termite species. Functional analyses of these genes not only shed light on the mechanisms the insect employs to successfully use cellulosic materials as energy sources, which may serve as strategic targets for designing molecular‐based bio‐pesticides, but also enrich discoveries of new cellulolytic enzymes for conversion of biomass into biofuel. Our study demonstrated that cellulose could be converted to glucose by two recombinant endogenous glycosyl hydrolases (endo‐β‐1,4 glucanase in GH9 and β‐glucosidase in GH1). While the former cleaved cellulose to cellobiose and cellotriose, the resulting simple cellodextrins were digested to glucose. Both of the Escherichia coli‐expressed recombinant proteins showed properties that could be incorporated in a glucose‐based ethanol production program.
Identification of proteins involved in lignocellulose degradation using in gel zymogram analysis combined with mass spectroscopy‐based peptide analysis of gut proteins from larval Asian longhorned beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis
Authors: Geib Scott M. , Tien Ming , Hoover Kelli
Published: March 2010

Abstract  Enzyme activities toward lignocellulose substrates were analyzed in the gut of larval Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis). Total protein was extracted from gut contents of wild collected larvae from an invasive population in Worchester, MA, USA. From these protein extracts, lignocellulolytic activities were measured (β‐1,4‐endoglucanase, β‐1,4‐glucosidase and birch wood xylanase). β‐1,4‐glucosidase activity was 0.075 μmol glucose/mg protein per min, endoglucanase activity was measured at 0.41 μmol glucose/mg protein per min and xylanase activity was 0.058 μmol xylose/mg protein per min. To identify specific enzymes that may provide these activities, zymogram analysis was performed to detect enzymes active toward carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), 4‐methylumbelliferyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside and birch wood xylan. Three protein bands were found to be active toward CMC, three displayed β‐1,4‐glucosidase, and one displayed xylanase activity. Proteins from active bands from these zymograms were then identified by in‐gel trypsin digestions followed by peptide identification by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization – time of flight – time of flight mass spectrometry (MS). A custom A. glabripennis transcriptome database was used for peptide identification, giving highly significant matches in all MS analyses. These matches were then searched against the National Center for Biotechnology Information database to provide annotation to the transcripts and provide possible classification. From these analyses, we were able to detect enzymes active toward cellulose and xylan, and proteins putatively involved in lignocellulose degradation in the gut of this wood‐feeding insect. Future research will be focused on characterizing these enzymes through cloning and expression experiments and understanding how the lignocellulose degradation system functions in the gut of this insect.
Likely formation of general relativistic radiation pressure supported stars or ‘eternally collapsing objects’
Authors: Mitra Abhas , Glendenning Norman K.
Published: March 2010

Hoyle & Fowler showed that there could be radiation pressure supported stars (RPSSs) even in Newtonian gravity. Much later, Mitra found that one could also conceive of their general relativistic (GR) version, ‘relativistic radiation pressure supported stars’ (RRPSSs). While RPSSs have z≪ 1, RRPSSs have z≫ 1, where z is the surface gravitational redshift. Here, we elaborate on the formation of RRPSSs during continued gravitational collapse by recalling that a contracting massive star must start trapping radiation as it enters its photon sphere. It is found that, irrespective of the details of the contraction process, the trapped radiation flux should attain the corresponding Eddington value at sufficiently large z≫ 1. This means that continued GR collapse may generate an intermediate RRPSS with z≫ 1 before a true black hole state with z=∞ is formed asymptotically. An exciting consequence of this is that the stellar mass black hole candidates, at the present epoch, should be hot balls of quark–gluon plasma, as has been discussed by Royzen in a recent article entitled ‘QCD against black holes?’.
Thermal Therapy: A Viable Adjunct in the Treatment of Heart Failure?
Authors: Mussivand Tofy , Alshaer Hisham , Haddad Haissam , Beanlands Donald S. , Beanlands Rob , Chan Kwan‐Leung , Higginson Lyall , Leenen Frans , Ruddy Terrence D. , Mesana Thierry , Silver Marc A.
Published: March 2010

The aim of this work was to review and provide a summary of published literature on the clinical impact of thermal therapy (ie, warm water immersion, traditional sauna bathing, and dry infrared sauna) in patients with heart failure. Medline and Embase database literature searches were conducted, and studies that included measurement of heart failure‐related clinical parameters were reviewed. Thermal therapy was found to have a positive impact on key heart failure‐related parameters across multiple studies. Significant improvements were noted across a wide scope of heart failure‐related parameters in the areas of (1) endothelial function, (2) hemodynamics, (3) cardiac geometry, (4) neurohormonal markers, and (5) quality of life. Of special note, thermal therapy also conveyed a strong antiarrhythmic effect in heart failure patients. The clinical evidence highlights repeatable and compelling data showing that thermal therapy may provide an important and viable adjunct in the treatment of heart failure.
Myocardial Degradation and Left Bundle Branch Block Predict Conversion to Low Ejection Fraction in Heart Failure With Preserved Systolic Function
Authors: Angheloiu George O. , Rahaby Mouyyad , Starling Randall C. , Angheloiu Viorel , McNamara Dennis M. , Yamani Mohamad H. , Young James B.
Published: March 2010

The authors prospectively investigated whether left bundle branch block (LBBB) and myocardial degradation as indicated by elevated troponin T (tnT) predict the phenomenon of systolic conversion to low ejection fraction (EF ≤40%) in patients with nonsignificant coronary disease and heart failure with preserved systolic function (HFPSF) (initial EF >40%). Thirty consecutive patients with HFPSF were included and followed over a 4‐year interval. A follow‐up EF assessment was performed in 25 patients. Six of 15 patients with tnT ≥0.01 ng/mL demonstrated systolic conversion to low EF on follow‐up, while none of the 10 patients with tnT <0.01 ng/mL experienced this phenomenon (P=.03). Five of the 6 converters presented with LBBB, while only 1 of the 19 nonconverters had this abnormality (P=.0007). Four of the 6 converters had an initial EF >50%. Myocardial degradation and LBBB predicted systolic conversion in HFPSF patients with nonsignificant coronary disease.