bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Classification for Bifurcated Mandibular Neural Canal
Authors: Li Kun , Hu Yanjia , Hong Pengyu , Shao Zifei , Wu Yue , Wang Xiang , Yang Hao
Published: December 2022

Objectives
To analyze the occurrence rate of bifurcated mandibular canal (BMC) by cone beam CT(CBCT) and summarise a new classification for further clinical work and academic communication.

Method
Randomly collected the CBCT images of 350 adult patients. Firstly, we analysed and summarized the BMCs into four types by the position of bifurcation point in the mandible. Second, we did statistics about occurrence. Then we have measured three kinds of distance of Type I and Type II. At last, we compared the advantages and disadvantages about different classifications.

Results
Among these 350 patients, we found 110 adult people with BMC which indicated the occurrence rate of BMC was 31.43%. The most common type was Type I, especially Type IB, and the least was Type III. Vertical distance between the apex of the second molar, the third molar and mandibular canal are 4.36±2.51 mm and 2.45±2.23 mm. Distance from the apex of two molars to the bifurcated spot are 15.87±6.82mm and 9.32±5.37mm. And the distance between the apex and retromolar foramen in Type I are 22.19±5.97mm and 15.82±4.68mm.

Conclusion
Comparing with former typing theory, we summarized a new classification which is simpler and more convenient, which should attach scholars’ attention to BMC during clinical work.
Evaluation of Gall Bladder Mucosal Changes in Relation to the Type of Stones in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Retrospective Study of 394 Patients
Authors: Goyal Sunder , Shirale Vaishali V. , Mukta Pujani
Published: December 2022

Background and Aim Gallbladder (GB) cancer is a highly fatal malignancy and approx. 10% new cases are diagnosed every year in India. The GB cancer has poor prognosis due to progressive nature. Understanding of risk factors that lead to GB development is urgently required for better management of the disease. Presence of stones in gall bladder generates varied mucosal reactions, which leads to different types of histopathological changes in mucosa. Here, our aim is to study the correlation between various types of mucosal responses e. g. inflammation, hyperplasia, metaplasia and carcinoma with different characteristics e. g. number and morphology of gallstones both in males and females. Materials and Methods A retrospective study of gallstones was performed on 438 cases of cholecystectomies operated laparoscopically based on the histological changes. Out of 438 cases, 394 (89.95%) were associated with gallstones and the rest 44 (10.05%) belonged to acalculous cholecystitis. The mucosal changes in calculous gall bladder were studied in 394 cases and its correlation with number and types of observed gallstones were evaluated. Tissue sections were taken from the fundus, body, neck and abnormal area of gallbladder for histopathological studies. Results Our study has revealed the higher incidence of inflammatory changes in males, while gall bladder hyperplasia, intestinal metaplasia and cancer cases were found mostly in females. Conclusion Our study showed that changes in the number and morphology of gallstones are directly associated with the mucosal changes in gallbladder e.g. inflammation, hyperplasia, metaplasia and gall bladder carcinoma
Knowledge and Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity Prevention among Women Attending Kibagabaga Hospital, Rwanda
Authors: Niyitegeka Alexis , Habtu Micheal , Rutayisire Erigene , Vasanthakaalam Hilda
Published: December 2022

Women in Rwanda are still suffering from overweight and obesity and health-related complications. However, little is known about overweight/obesity prevention knowledge and factors associated with overweight/obesity prevention among women. The aim of this study was to determine knowledge and factors associated with overweight and obesity prevention among women attending Kibagabaga Hospital in Rwanda. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted among women aged 20-45 years that was selected randomly. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 384 women seeking health care at the hospital during the study period. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis; descriptive statistics was used to assess women’s knowledge related to overweight/obesity. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with overweight/obesity prevention, the level of significance was set at 5%. Approval to conduct the study was obtained from the University and Hospital. The majority 35.4% of study participants were aged between 30-34 years. Women who live in urban area dominate the study (76.3%), the majority of study participants were married (60.9%). The study revealed that the 22% and 62% of women had higher level and moderate knowledge respectively. In terms of overweight/obesity prevention practices, we found that 67% mothers had adequate practices towards overweight and obesity prevention. The age of 35-39, and unemployment were found to be significantly associated with overweight/obesity prevention practices. Cost-effective health education focusing on women, physical activity and social support to reduce the socio-cultural constraints that promote overweight/obesity are necessary to combat this epidemic
A Model-Based Estimation of Annual Long-Term Care Costs in Germany Following Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) in Elderly Patients
Authors: Pietzsch Malte , Weber Simon A. , Winterer Georg , Lammers-Lietz Florian , Borchers Friedrich , Hadzidiakos Daniel , Yürek Fatima , Spies Claudia , Kruppa Jochen , K. Piper Sophie , Winterer Georg , Kruppa Jochen , K. Piper Sophie
Published: December 2022

Acute post-operative delirium (POD) and long-term post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) are frequent and associated with increased mortality, dependency on care giving and institutionalization rates. The POCD-related cost burden on the German long-term care insurance provides an indication for the savings potential from risk-adapted treatment schemes. Comprehensive estimates have not been assessed or published so far.

A model-based cost-analysis was designed to estimate POCD-related costs in the long-term care insurance. Comprehensive analysis of inpatient operations and procedures (OPS-codes) served as the base for case number calculations, which were then used as input to the actual cost model. POCD-incidence rates were obtained from the BioCog study. Various sensitivity analyses were performed to assess uncertainty of the model results.

Total POCD related annual costs in the German long-term care insurance account for approximately 1.6 billion EUR according to the base case of our analysis. Total annual costs for all POCD cases depend on surgery numbers, incidence rates, other assumptions, and uncertain input parameters.

The financial burden to the long-term care insurance is substantial, even in a conservative scenario of the cost model. Variability of results stems from uncertain assumptions, POCD-incidence rates and from uncertain patient numbers who are undergoing surgery and are therefore at risk to develop POCD.
Anti-COVID19 Vaccine among Workers at the Local Health Authority of Rieti (Italy). Study on the Vaccine Efficacy and Seroprevalence Post-Vaccination
Authors: Banchieri G , Giancola O , Luca A De , Provvidenti L , Sed B , Giorgio F De , Venarubea S , Angelucci M , D’Innocenzo M
Published: December 2022

Objectives
Our study aims to determine the trend of the antibody titer and assess the efficacy of the vaccine.

Methods
It was conducted on 983 healthcare professionals between 27 February 2020 and 22 October 2021 at the Local Health Authority (ASL) of Rieti. Workers voluntarily underwent serological testing before vaccination (T1), at least 15 days after vaccination (T2), and at least 150 days after vaccination (T3). We picked individuals who had received two doses of the vaccine. As for positivity, we assessed incidence – and therefore symptomatology – in three time intervals. We used a contingency tables for the analysis and tested the relation to the chi-square test and ANOVA test. Regarding differentials in terms of antibody capacity, we considered different time intervals: the methodological approach was the same.

Results
The average value of the dimeric serological testing at T1 was equal to 28.80 AU/mL, which increased to 220.55 AU/mL at T2, and then decreased to 143.62 AU/mL at T3 (P = 0.000). At T2, the number of people with a protective titer was equal to 95.96% of the total; at T3, it was equal to 96.39% (P = 0.019). Before the vaccination campaign, 75 workers tested positive (25 paucisymptoms, 4 severe symptoms). After vaccination, 14 workers tested positive: almost all were asymptomatic.

Conclusion
Vaccination determines a statistically significant variation of the average value of antibody titer, a statistically significant reduction of positive swab tests and a better prognosis.
An Assessment of The Knowledge, Risk Perception and Attitudes of Healthcare Workers in A Tertiary Health Facility in Southwest Nigeria to The Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Adeniyi MA , Olasehinde KO , Olajide TG , Aderukuola B , Popoola GO , Adegbiji WA
Published: December 2022

Aim
Covid 19 is a pandemic that has ravaged the world resulting in thousands of deaths. This study aims to assess the knowledge, risk perception, and attitude of health care workers (HCWs) to the pandemic.

Methodology
This was a hospital based descriptive cross sectional study conducted among health care workers who were staff of the hospital. Data collected includes socio demographic characteristics, data on knowledge, risk perception and attitude.

Results
A total of 288 HCWs participated in the study. Participants had good knowledge at 95.6%, major source of knowledge includes internet/social media 68.8%, radio 34.6% and television 28.3%. About 92.6% of the respondents also had positive attitude while 89.75 of the respondents had a positive risk perception.

Conclusion
Overall, there was a high level of knowledge, high positive attitude and a high risk perception in the study. Consequently, to ensure that this high level is maintained, there is need for continuous health education and promotion
Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Children Due to Lack of Intake: A Report of Two Cases at the Pediatric Department at Aristide Le Dantec Hospital
Authors: Keita Y. , Ndongo A.A. , Sylla M.N. , Sylla A , Niang B , Ly D.I. , Thiongane A. , Ly F. , Ba A.
Published: December 2022

We report 2 cases of vitamin B12 deficiency in children due to deficient intake. These were 2 girls aged 4 years (case 1) and 6 years (case 2), respectively, hospitalized in December 2020 and March 2021 in the pediatric ward of Le Dantec hospital. Both patients presented with aregenative anemia, melanoderma and undernutrition. The bone marrow count in case 1 showed a dysmyelopoiesis with megablastosis. The blood vitamin B12 level was low in both cases. Folic acid blood levels were normal in both patients, but an associated martial deficiency was found in case 2. The dietary survey revealed a lack of intake of animal products rich in vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 replacement therapy was effective with rapid regression of all clinical signs observed in both children. The control of the vitamin B12 level after 1 month of treatment was normal in both patients. The disappearance of the symptoms under substitute treatment confirmed the deficiency of Vitamin B12 intake in both patients. Conclusion: Both of our patients had a profound Vitamin B12 deficiency in a context of deficiency in nutrition. The regression of the symptoms was spectacular under vitamin B12 replacement therapy, confirming the deficiency. We recommend in our context a contribution in micronutrients such as vitamins in children after weaning to avoid dietary errors.
A Proposal of Revised Curriculum to Circumvent the Impact of COVID Restrictions on Final Year Medical Students
Authors: Mehmood Rao Khalid , Gaurav PAWAR , Akhtar Kaleem , Dar Farooq , Akhtar Hamid Muhammad
Published: December 2022

Medical education has been extraordinarily disrupted during the COVID-19 era worldwide. The pandemic limited routine ward or patient-based medical education. These limitations have resulted in new challenges for medical students, especially the final year students in completing their mandated curriculum. We are suggesting a revised curriculum for final year medical students, by following which we can address COVID restriction while making sure all competencies have been achieved by students. This revised curriculum centers around the usual placement of students in Surgical Assessment Unit (SAU), however all students will be posted in simulation wards/labs on their turn to enhance and consolidate their understanding and learning of common surgical cases in these wards, so that they can replicate these skills in SAU and wards on their turns. This article highlights how the proposed curriculum addresses the learning needs of final year medical students in their surgery rotation. The article will also summarize the critical appraisal process of our curriculum in the context of curriculum design theories. Finally, the article will highlight the quality assurance measures adhered to while developing the curriculum.
Privacy protection methods of location services in big data
Authors: Liu Wenfeng , Wu Juanjuan , Xi Zhong
Published: December 2022

The rapid development of mobile communication technology not only brings convenience and fun to our life, but also brings a series of problems such as privacy disclosure. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the privacy protection method based on location service to strengthen the security of location privacy. The purpose of this work is to improve the security of location privacy and prevent the disclosure of user privacy by studying the characteristics of location services and privacy protection methods. This article first describes the characteristics of the important location privacy protection law, and then studies the structural characteristics and operation process of the location privacy protection law. This work evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of different methods, and finally compares the performance of several privacy protection algorithms through experimental analysis. Through the research of hiding space method, two-level cache method based on user grid, differential privacy protection method and experimental analysis of the algorithm, an effective privacy protection algorithm can be obtained. It can better protect the location privacy of users. For example, dual-active in the hidden space algorithm has the best privacy protection performance. Compared with other algorithms, the success rate of generating hidden space is increased by more than 10%, and the time of generating hidden space is shortened by about a quarter. The algorithm It has certain practical value and significance for use in the privacy protection of users.
Data sharing platform and security mechanism based on cloud computing under the Internet of Things
Authors: Cai Jie , Wang Jun
Published: December 2022

Under the background of the rapid development of information technology, people’s data and information security problems are becoming increasingly serious. Data and information can be leaked in daily Internet access or communications. When doing data sharing, the security mechanism of the data sharing platform should be analyzed. This article aims to study how to analyze the security mechanism of cloud computing-based data sharing platforms in the Internet of Things era. This article presented an attribute-based encryption (ABE) algorithm, a detailed interpretation of the attribute-based encryption algorithm, and analyzed security problems in data sharing in cloud computing. The experimental results showed that the ABE algorithm takes an average of 11 s with five trials, while the other two methods take 51.8 and 31.6 s. ABEs take less time for different encryption numbers under the same data than the other two methods and are more efficient than the other two methods. Thus, attribute-based encryption algorithms should have more advantages.
Preparation of layered gradient Cu–Cr–Ti alloy with excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity
Authors: Fu Shaoli , Chen Xiaohong , Liu Ping , Zhou Honglei , Ma Fengcang , Li Wei
Published: December 2022

Cu–Cr–Ti alloy with gradient properties was prepared at 960°C for 2 h in air, 80% cold rolling, and then aging at 500°C for 1 h. The results showed that the surface layer of Cu–Cr–Ti alloy had achieved a good match of electrical conductivity (96.2% International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS)), thermal stability (softening temperature of 650°C), and wear resistance (friction coefficient of 0.17). Meanwhile, the core region maintains high tensile strength (519 MPa) and good electrical conductivity of 71.8% IACS. Transmission electron microscope characterization revealed that the precipitates of surface layer are composed of Cr oxides, complex oxides formed by Cu, Cr, and O, and Ti-rich phases. The existence of oxide particles with discontinuous distribution and stable properties is the reason for the good electrical conductivity, excellent thermal stability, and outstanding wear resistance of the surface layer. The main precipitates of the core are Cr. The high tensile strength of the core is ascribed to the aging strengthening effect of these fine Cr particles. This work provides ideas and approaches for the preparation of copper alloy with excellent properties for high-speed railway contact wire, and solves the drawbacks of composites synthesized from heterogeneous materials.
EMCAT-POL: A catalogue of 817 basic emotion terms in Polish
Authors: Bąk Halszka
Published: December 2022

This paper investigates the lexicalizations of prototypical basic emotion concepts in Polish. A catalogue of all words denoting basic emotions (anger,disgust,fear,sadness,surprise,joy) in Polish has been created to qualitatively and quantitatively explore the lexicalizations and to draw an ethnopsychological profile of Poles. The catalogue contains basic emotion terms and their synonyms in noun, verb, and adjective forms, as well as data pertaining to grammatical gender and word frequency. A quantitative and qualitative exploratory analysis of the catalogued data was conducted to determine which of the six basic emotion concepts are lexicalized most richly and completely, and which types of emotion terms are used most frequently. The results indicate that in Polish emotions are preferentially expressed as nouns, even though they are more frequently lexicalized as adjectives. There are also more words for negative emotions than for positive ones (negative differentiation effect), though the positive emotion words are used more frequently than all the negative words combined (Pollyanna effect). Polish also shows a marked preference for overtly verbalizing the neutral emotion ofsurprise– the smallest category by number of words denoting the emotion. Implications of the results for psychotherapy and bilingualism studies are discussed.
The intervention effect in suzhounese polar questions
Authors: Jin Dawei
Published: December 2022

The Suzhounese polar question exhibits intervention effects, manifested by the linearity constraint barring anti-topical expressions against c-commanding the polar particle. This paper proposes to derive the intervention pattern from two assumptions. Namely, the polar operator is interpreted higher than the C-domain Q operator, and topics project a secondary illocutionary act independently of the primary act associated with the comment. I further show that the Suzhounese pattern is linked to linearity constraints elsewhere (e.g. inwhy-adjuncts) that crucially draw upon the exceptional wide scope of topics. I point out that the connections I have drawn motivate a novel class of scope effect that is distinct from the better understood focus-induced intervention.
Imperfective aspect underspecified for number: Evidence from an eye-tracking during reading experiment
Authors: Klimek-Jankowska Dorota , Czypionka Anna , Błaszczak Joanna
Published: December 2022

In an eye-tracking during reading experiment we investigated the processing of ambiguous Polish imperfective verbs in contexts with disambiguating (‘frequently’ and ‘yesterday’) and neutral preceding adverbs. Grammatical number of NP objects was also manipulated. Verb regions received significantly longer regression path times when following a neutral compared to 'yesterday' contexts. This implies that in neutral contexts both senses of polysemous imperfective verbs are activated on the verbal region. Post-hoc analyses revealed more regressions from singular objects in neutral contexts, suggesting that a preference for a more frequent plural event sense was created before the first fixations on the object were made. Finally, we observed an effect consisting of longer first pass times on singular objects and more regressions from the following region in contexts with ‘frequently’, which is consistent with the view that imperfective aspect is underspecified for number. This pattern of results is compatible with Relevance Theory, which posits that the selection of one sense (single ongoing or plural) is an outcome of an inferential process based on frequency, context and world knowledge. However, the fact that sense frequency plays a role in this process indicates that it serves as input to context-based inferential processes suggesting that this information is pre-stored in the memory.
Chronotopic identities in contemporary Chinese poetry calligraphy
Authors: Li Wenhua , Wang Jiayu
Published: December 2022

This study investigates the sociolinguistics of contemporary Chinese calligraphic works of an ancient poem titled “Xiangjianhuan”. It probes how multiple voices, with various degrees of agency of creativity (that is, the freedom and space allowed for the creative actions), coexist, conflate and contest with each other in the poem itself and the textual-artistic representations of the poem. It relates these multiple voices with different kinds of contesting and conflicting identities manifested through the multimodal resources of the text art. Through the analysis, this study is hoped to shed light on the (socio)linguistic study of Chinese poetry calligraphy as a form of text art in relation to literary creativity and identity work.
Final tensing and opacity in Podhale Goralian
Authors: Łuszczek Tomasz
Published: December 2022

This article discusses phonological generalisations concerning Podhale Goralian, a dialect of Polish spoken in southern Lesser Poland. It is argued that Podhale Goralian has a process called Final Tensing, which changesɔ → obefore word-final voiced consonants and glides. Final Tensing interacts with other rules of the dialect, leading to both major types of opacity: underapplication and overapplication. The descriptive generalisations are first stated in terms of rules and then reanalysed in terms of OT constraints. Even though both frameworks deliver the correct results, it is argued that the OT-based analysis is by a small margin superior to the rule-based analysis. Furthermore, the sources of the opacity exhibited by the discussed processes are classified according to Baković’s (2007, 2011) revised typology of opacity.

I am particularly grateful to Jerzy Rubach for his discussion, guidance and support. I would also like to thank Jakub Dunin-Borkowski and Grzegorz Lara, who read an earlier version of this paper and provided inspiring feedback. My gratitude goes also to the threePSiCLreferees for their helpful criticism, which led to considerable improvement of both the content and the presentation of my analysis. Last but not least, I have a special debt of gratitude to my native speaker consultants for their help and patience: Józef Bąk, Andrzej Kamiński, Stanisław Kamiński, Józef Kula, Anna Łuszczek, Małgorzata Łuszczek, Wojciech Łuszczek, Dorota Pająk, Martyna Pająk, Tomasz Płaza, Leszek Stasiwolak, Katarzyna Szwajnos, Maria Szwajnos, Monika Szwajnos and Andrzej Zarycki. Needless to say, the responsibility for this article is solely mine.
Zur Philosophie der chinesischen Sprachwelt: Ursprungsdenken, Argumentationsfeld und Methoden
Authors: Xiangchen Sun
Published: December 2022

Verschiedenen Sprachwelten verfügen über unterschiedliche Quellen originellen Denkens, um auf die universellen Anliegen der Menschheit zu reagieren. Eine Philosophie, die sich auf die chinesische Sprache stützt, sollte folgerichtig über die universellen Anliegen reflektieren, die sich in dieser Sprachwelt entwickelt haben. Bei vielen Wissenschaftlern setzt sich der Begriff einer
Philosophie der chinesischen Sprachwelt
erst allmählich durch. Allerdings entwickelt er sich zu einem anderen Paradigma und Konzept als dem der chinesischen Philosophie. Die Fragestellung dieser Philosophie steht in direktem Zusammenhang mit der Struktur der chinesischen Sprachwelt und mit den Begriffsbildungen, Eigenschaften und Gesetzen der chinesischen Sprache selbst. Die Philosophie der chinesischen Sprachwelt basiert auf der Selbstreflexion durch Umwege über das Andere, was voraussetzt, dass in Bezug auf die westliche Philosophie Universalität durch Alterität ersetzt wird. Damit vollzieht sich ein philosophischer Paradigmenwechsel. In diesem Sinne präsentiert der folgende Beitrag den theoretischen Rahmen einer Philosophie der chinesischen Sprachwelt auf drei Ebenen: den universellen Fragen, den originellen Ideen und den normativen Konstruktionen mit dem Ziel, die Originalität, Normativität, Inklusivität, Zukunftsfähigkeit und Weltoffenheit einer Philosophie chinesischer Sprachwelt hervorzuheben.
On the “Ultimate Concern” in Song-Ming Study of Principle
Authors: Xuezhi Zhang , Li-wen Zhang
Published: December 2022

Albeit their variated manifestations, a distinct humanistic spirit that is also characteristic of Chinese philosophy as a whole is found among the thoughts of the masters of Song-Ming Study of Principle. They advocated the pursuit of transcendence through concrete cultivation which generates refined faith, sincerity, courage and an enjoyable state-of-attainment. These contributions played a decisive part in the refinement of Confucian thought regarding theories of transcendence, for developments in the theory of spiritual effort in pursuit of transcendence during this period are unique both with respect to China and abroad. This essay explores this uniqueness, through which we can enrich our understanding of Song-Ming Study of Principle as a tradition, and further appreciate the transcendental dimension from the perspective of social practice. Exemplifications of a quest for self-transcendence, including self-cultivation and the concern for ultimate values are rooted in everyday life and carried out in concrete social practice.
Confucius’ Theory of
Junzi
and its Contemporary Significance
Authors: An-xian Luo
Published: December 2022

Junzi
(君子 gentleman) is the ideal personality for Confucius. To perform benevolence (
ren
仁) and righteousness (
yi
義) is the responsibility of a
junzi
. A
junzi
also esteems bravery, which takes benevolence and righteousness and the justification of the enterprise as its prerequisites. A
junzi
must do things properly and act in accordance with the mean (
zhongyong
中庸). How does one achieve the mean? The person concerned needs to be flexible with the principles and the circumstances of the situation. A person is not born a
junzi
, but to become one. And to become a
junzi
, one needs to cultivate one’s character, which includes the cultivation of the inner spirit and the literature and arts. Confucius’ theory of
junzi
is still relevant in modern times, and modern society needs a new type of
junzi
.
Über die Umgestaltung der daoistischen Philosophie
Authors: Xiaomang Deng
Published: December 2022

Das Projekt einer philosophischen Umgestaltung des Daoismus begleitet mich schon seit langem als vorläufige Idee. In der 1995er Ausgabe der
Philosophical Dynamics
Nr. 4 veröffentlichte ich einen kurzen Artikel mit dem Titel
Ein vorläufiger Überblick über die Umgestaltung der daoistischen Philosophie
, der später als Vortrags Transkript in meine
Vierzehn Vorlesungen über die Methodologie der Geschichte der Philosophie
aufgenommen wurde.

邓晓芒: 道家哲学改造德临时纲要, 收入《哲学史方法论十四讲》, 重庆大学出版社, 2015 年, 第 246–283 页 [Deng Xiaomang: Siebte Vorlesung: Ein vorläufiger Überblick über die Transformation der daoistischen Philosophie, in: Vierzehn Vorlesungen über die Methodologie der Geschichte der Philosophie, Chongqing: Verlag der Universität Chongqing, 2015, S. 246–283.].

Im Prozess der Kritik der traditionellen chinesischen Philosophie durch den Vergleich chinesischer und westlicher Kulturtraditionen kam ich auf die Idee, dass, wenn wir westliche Elemente in unsere traditionelle chinesische Kultur aufnehmen und ein neues Gedankengebäude errichten wollen, dieses Projekt als ein gemeinsamer Ausgangspunkt dienen kann. Während der moderne Neukonfuzianismus auf der „kreativen Transformation“ der Tradition des Konfuzianismus basiert, beruht meine Wiedergeburt der traditionellen chinesischen Kultur auf der Kritik am Konfuzianismus und der Umgestaltung der daoistischen Philosophie. Vor zwanzig Jahren jedoch befand sich dieses Projekt noch im Stadium einer Skizze und ich hatte keine Zeit, sie zu entwickeln, also nannte ich sie einen „vorläufigen Entwurf“. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz möchte ich diese Fragestellung auf den historischen Spuren der daoistischen Philosophie weiter vertiefen.
Mou Zongsan’s Critique of Heidegger’s Interpretation of Kant and his Solution: A Transcultural Discourse on Human Finitude and Infinitude
Authors: Yeung Taklap
Published: December 2022

Mou Zongsan (牟宗三) extols Heidegger’s interpretation of human Dasein as “being-capable” and admits that he was inspired by Heidegger’s interpretation of Kant in many ways; however, although he, like Heidegger, emphasizes that human finitude is the basic premise of Kantian philosophy, he refuses to apply this premise to Kant’s philosophy as a whole. He argues, for Kant, “human beings are finite but can be infinite.” Moreover, he, on the one hand, criticizes Heidegger for withdrawing the dimension of absolute spontaneity, infinitude, supersensibility and supratemporality from morality and, on the other hand, criticizes Kant for rejecting the possibility of a positive use of intellectual intuition. By the general insight of Chinese philosophy, which positively recognize the intellectual intuition, Mou believes that one can change the downside of Kantian philosophy and organically combine Western and Asian philosophy.
Dynamic Modulus for Porous Asphalt and Its Master Curve
Authors: Zhou Zhigang , Zhou Yang , Liu Zhiren , Huang Hongming
Published: December 2022

The triaxial compression tests of porous asphalt (PA) mixture under different conditions were conducted in the laboratory by using a simple performance tester with dynamic modulus as the mechanical index to further promote the engineering application of PA pavement. The influence of confining pressure, loading frequency, and temperature on the dynamic modulus was then studied. The master curve equations of dynamic modulus were constructed on the basis of the time-temperature superposition principle using nonlinear least squares method. Results show that the dynamic modulus of PA demonstrates obvious viscoelastic behavior. The dynamic modulus decreases with the increase in temperature and rises with the increase in confining pressure or loading frequency. The frequency characteristics at low temperatures and the stress dependency at high temperatures are strong. The existence of confining pressure reduces the temperature sensitivity of the dynamic modulus of PA, which is stable with the increase in confining pressure. The influence of confining pressure on dynamic modulus is relatively large under the condition of low frequency or high temperatures.
Helping Applicants Write Their Way into a Surgical Residency
Authors: Tribble Curt
Published: December 2022

So, you’ve got students clamoring for help writing their personal statements for Surgery Residency applications? Writing a personal statement for an application to a residency program is often one of the most daunting aspects of the application process. In fact, it is probably the most daunting part of that process. However, there is a surprising paucity of information about how best to approach writing these residency application essays, in stark contrast to the plentiful advice available for other types of applications, such as those required for college or medical school admission.
Effect of corneal cross linkage (CXL) on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements in keratoconus patients
Authors: Waheed Nusrat , Kamal Mustafa , Azam Shua , Priyanka Priyanka , Ali Hubdar , Kiran Ayesha , Talpur Abdul Hameed
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of corneal cross-linkage (CXL) on intraocular pressure (IOP) in keratoconus patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was carried out at the Cornea Clinic of Al Ibrahim Eye Hospital Malir, Karachi. A total of 60 eyes of 36 subjects with progressive keratoconus with the age range of 15 to 31 years were fulfilling the criteria of the study. Subjects were selected with convenient sampling and subjects with a previous history of CXL were excluded from the study. A complete history of the patient, clinical examination with slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and visual acuity (VA) with Snellen chart were recorded. Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements of each subject were recorded with Goldman Applanation Tonometer (GAT) before and immediately after 15 minutes of CXL and on the 2nd day of CXL, 1month, and 3 months after CXL. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data. Results: The average preoperative measured intraocular pressure (IOP) was 20.22 +/- 3.97 mmHg. There was a statistically significant decrease in IOP measurements 18.96 +/- 3.73 mmHg on the same day after the corneal cross linkage procedure with (P 0.001) while there was no statistically significant change in intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements was observed on the 2nd day, 1 month and 3 months after CXL. The postoperative mean of IOP measurements was 19.61 +/- 3.47 mmHg on the 2nd day, 19.67 +/- 3.14 mmHg on 1 month, and 19.33 +/- 3.64 mmHg at 3 months respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that reductions in intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements were observed on the immediate response of corneal cross-linkage (CXL) on the same day. This change might be due to immediate alteration in the biomechanics of the cornea during corneal cross-linkage. These changes return to the normal position later because no change was seen on different follow-ups of patients after CXL in eyes with keratoconus.
A clinicopathological profile and role of newer methods in diagnosis of paediatric tubercular lymphadenopathy
Authors: Ahmed Saqib , Ahmed Shariq , Tayyaba Uzma , Hasan Ruhi
Published: December 2022

Objectives: Lymphadenopathy is a common finding in children and poses a diagnostic dilemma. There are various conventional methods for the diagnosis of tubercular lym- phadenopathy with some newer methods like GeneXpert Assay recently introduced. This study emphasizes the role of newer diagnostic methods and a detailed clinicopathological profile of paediatric patients. Methods: This was a four-year prospective study including a total of 512 children under 13 years who were clinically suspected of tubercular lymphadenopathy were included. FNAC followed by ZN staining, Modified bleach method, MTP 64 Antigen testing, Ge - neXpert MTB/RIF Assay analysis and Culture was performed on the adequate samples and studies of comparison were done. Results: Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of different methods were com - pared and GeneXpert outshined the other method of diagnosis with a sensitivity of 93.1%, specificity of 100 % and diagnostic accuracy of 97.5%. Interpretation & conclusions: GeneXpert essay should be included in early in the diag- nostic workflow of paediatric lymphadenopathy which will potentially improve the ove - rall detection and reduce the turn-around time, thus preventing the unnecessary delay in treatment thus reducing the overall burden of TB.
What does respirometric analysis tell us about Metarhizium robertsii
Authors: Méndez-González Fernando
Published: December 2022

Metarhizium comprises species of importance as biological control agents whose conidia have been well produced in lab-scale packed column bioreactors. However, difficulties such as low oxygen supply, CO2 removal, and overheating limit bioreactor scale-up. To select suitable operating conditions in industrial-scale bioreactors, it is necessary to analyze the bioprocess in terms of O2 consumption and CO2 production. Metarhizium robertsii cultures reached maxima of O2 consumption and CO2 production rates of 0.23 and 0.35 mg/gidm h, respectively. The total O2 consumption (23.81 mg/gidm) and CO2 production (34.52 mg/gidm) were determined by experimental measurements and estimates by mathematical models with a coefficient of determination higher than 0.99. The respiratory quotient presented values from 1 to 1.2 (from 48 to 175 h). The respirometric analysis showed that the culture of is an aerobic process with low CO2 and low metabolic heat production, favoring the scale-up of the bioprocess
Effect of sewage polluted by heavy metal on domestic crops
Authors: Marín-Mendoza Delfino , Gallegos Morales Gabriel , Hernández-Escareño Jesus Jaime , Sánchez-Yáñez Juan Manuel
Published: December 2022

The application of sewage water (SW) to irrigate and feed agricultural crops in Mexico is widespread due to the problem of scarcity in the country, and in the world. Agricultural crops not eaten raw irrigated and fed with SW benefit and/or harm directly or indirectly by the chemical composition that in industrial cities that includes heavy metals of risk to human health. The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of sewage with heavy metals on the growth and yield of an agricultural soil of "El Canada" N.L. Mexico. Compared with plant growth and yield in a soil from Cadereyta, Nuevo León, Mexico in greenhouse irrigated with ground water and conventional chemical fertilization. For which the concentration of heavy metals of the SW in the plant and the soil was determined. The results show that the SW used in the irrigation of agricultural crops supported plant growth. With no evidence that heavy metals caused any negative effect on plant growth and yield, despite the length of SW use, it is believed that some of these crops have developed tolerance to heavy metals regarding the risk to be consume by humans and animals
Comparison of betulinic acid extraction techniques from Eugenia florida DC (Myrtaeae) leaves
Authors: da Nóbrega Andréa Bezerra , Motta Lessa Bruno da , Henrique Brasil Bizarri Carlos , Ribeiro de Paiva Selma , Alves Slana Glaucia Barbosa Candido
Published: December 2022

Eugenia florida DC belongs to the Myrtaceae family. Previous phytochemical studies with leaves extracts of E. florida revealed the occurrence of triterpenes, such as betulinic acid (BA) which presents a vast literature with different biological activities: anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antiviral and anticancer. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of different extraction methods (static maceration, dynamic maceration, percolation, soxhlet and ultrasonic waves) to extract BA from the leaves of Eugenia florida. The solvents and particle sizes were also evaluated. The results showed that the better solvents to extract BA were ethyl acetate and chloroform. The highest percentages of BA were obtained by percolation and maceration, probably due to the swelling of the plant material and the renewal of the solvent process. In the assays using different particle sizes of leaves of E. florida, relating to BA recovery and extraction yield, different extraction profiles were observed among the various solvents used. Ethyl acetate and chloroform showed no significant differences in both yields, however 50% of decreasing on extraction efficiency was observed when plant smaller particles were used with methanol and ethanol.
Antimicrobial activity of Rumex nervosus extract collected from Yemen against local selected isolates pathogens
Authors: Al- Nowihi Mofeed , Faisal Abdu , Al- Asbahi Gawed
Published: December 2022

Rumex nervosus is a genus of plant belongs to the family polygonaceae. In this study rumex nervosus represent as one of the selected plants used as a treatment for many diseases such as inflammatory and painful in Yemen. Extraction of this plant was by ethanolic and methanolic solvents. The obtained extract was tested for its antimicrobial activity against two Gram-positive, three Gram-negative and Candida albicans using agar diffusion method. However, S. aerus, E-Coli and Candida albicans showed the antimicrobial activity for ethanolic and methanolic solvents in (150mg).The results showed that this plant has antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi, so this plant is potential to be used as antimicrobial.
"Comparison of two self-report pain intensity scales in children and adolescents with chronic abdominal pain associated with Helicobacter pylori-dyspepsia and Irritable bowel syndrome"
Authors: Carlos Machado Nilton , Assis Carvalho Mary de , Ferreira de Jesus Carine Dias , Avellaneda Penatti Debora , Tedesco Dias Juliana
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To evaluate pain intensity and the agreement between the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Faces Pain Scale (FAS) in children/adolescents with Chronic Abdominal Pain (CAP) both in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Helicobacter pylori dyspepsia (HpD). Methods: Single-centre, observational, cross-sectional study including 217 children/adolescents. Inclusion criteria: age (4-15 years); HpD diagnosis established with endoscopy and histopathological biopsies. IBS diagnosis based on Rome IV criteria. Exclusion criteria: chronic disorders (genetic, metabolic, cardiac, hepatic, renal diseases). In a standardized form, data was achieved, and children marked the "pain over the past month". Results: The age of first symptoms, first visits, pain (epigastric, retrosternal, nocturnal pain, burning), vomiting, and anorexia were higher in HpD than in IBS children. The pain intensity was categorized as severe (7-10) for the majority of children both in FAS and VAS scales (p>.05). Also, analysis between IBS and HpD concerning sex, first child, age at first visit (≤10 y or >10y), overweight/obese, average BMI child, and the number of episodes of pain during the week (p>0.05). There was a positive and statistically significant correlation between FAS and VAS pain intensity in IBS (All children, male and female) and HpD group (only for All children). On Bland-Altman plots of VAS vs FAS, the 2SD values of differences between scales were: IBS (3.8) and HpD (3.4) group. The calculated limits of agreement (95% CIs) exceeded the a priori limits of acceptability for all measured parameters, indicating that the scales are not interchangeable. Conclusions: Pain scales were, without difficulty performed, widely accepted and provided evidence that FAS and VAS are valid measures for assessing pain intensity in children with CAP. However, both VAS and FAS did not discriminate IBS from HpD, and the scales are not interchangeable.
The physical health recovery, the practice of the reproductive method of adaptive physical education
Authors: Viktor Pavlenko , Viacheslav Mulyk , Kateryna Mulyk , Andrii Yefremenko , Tetiana Shutieieva , Yaroslav Krainyk , Svetlana Pyatisotskaya
Published: December 2022

The article focuses on the need to introduce modern alternative health-saving methods and technologies of physical education, in particular, health tourism as an important factor in the educational process and a leading factor in the socialization and harmonious development of children and young people with special needs. The problem of physical education of pupil’s and student’s youth is relevant at the present stage of the development of health tourism. Adaptive physical education is an important factor in the rehabilitation of students who have limited physical health opportunities. We admit that the implementation of the program of health measures to organize the physical activity of students using the natural sedative factors of health tourism will have a great impact on the physical and mental development, social and psychophysical condition of students. Purpose: The purpose of the research is to substantiate the scientific and pedagogical aspects of the reproductive method of adaptive physical education of the student youth with special needs using health tourism. Involvement of this category of students in physical education to determine the social significance of adaptive physical culture in renewed and maintaining the state of physical and psychological health of people with special needs. Approach: A set of complementary methods by the assigned task is used in the work. Analysis and generalization of domestic and world experience on the problem of renewal and rehabilitation by methods and means of adaptive physical culture were carried out. The scientific special literature was analyzed on the problems of applying means of physical culture, on the complex resumption of physical health. Students of non-physical education institutions of higher education in Kharkiv took part in the research. The questionnaire survey technique is used in the experiment. In this method, we used the questionnaire that consists of 8 questions and was applied to up to 60 individuals regardless of gender. Results: The reproductive method of adaptive physical education is aimed at improving the knowledge in physical rehabilitation and forming the skills of persons with special needs to use natural factors for body resumption. The introduction of a mental-conceptual model increased awareness of health tourism means and methods by 18,5% (t=2,41; p<0,01). Psychological comfort after the proposed measures to preserve the state of physical and psychological health of students with special needs improved by 61,3% (t = 3,47; p<0,001). Conclusion: The search for ways to make optimal use of health tourism for the renewal of health and social adaptation of persons with special needs is one of the main areas of adaptive physical education.