bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in James Baldwin Criticism, 2015–16
Authors: James Jenny M.
Published: September 2019

This review article charts the general direction of scholarship in James Baldwin
studies between the years 2015 and 2016, reflecting on important scholarly
events and publications of the period and identifying notable trends in
criticism. While these years witnessed a continuing interest in the relationship
of Baldwin’s work to other authors and art forms as well as his
transnational literary imagination, noted in previous scholarly reviews, three
newly emergent trends are notable: an increased attention to Baldwin in journals
primarily devoted to the study of literatures in English, a new wave of
multidisciplinary studies of Baldwin, and a burgeoning archival turn in Baldwin
criticism.
Romancing Beale Street
Authors: Corber Robert J.
Published: September 2019

The author reviews Barry Jenkins’s 2018 film adaptation of
Baldwin’s novel, If Beale Street Could Talk, finding
that Jenkins’s lush, painterly, and dreamlike visual style successfully
translates Baldwin’s cadenced prose into cinematic language. But in
interpreting the novel as the “perfect fusion” of the anger of
Baldwin’s essays and the sensuality of his fiction, Jenkins overlooks the
novel’s most significant aspect, its gender politics. Baldwin began
working on If Beale Street Could Talk shortly after being
interviewed by Black Arts poet Nikki Giovanni for the PBS television show,
Soul!. Giovanni’s rejection of Baldwin’s
claims that for black men to overcome the injuries of white supremacy they
needed to fulfill the breadwinner role prompted him to rethink his understanding
of African American manhood and deeply influenced his representation of the
novel’s black male characters. The novel aims to disarticulate black
masculinity from patriarchy. Jenkins’s misunderstanding of this aspect of
the novel surfaces in his treatment of the character of Frank, who in the novel
serves as an example of the destructiveness of patriarchal masculinity, and in
his rewriting of the novel’s ending.
James Baldwin: Interventions
Authors: Jackson Robert , Holland Sharon P. , Salvant Shawn
Published: September 2019

“Interventions” was the organizing term for the presentations of
three Baldwin scholars at the Modern Language Association Convention in Chicago
in January of 2019. Baldwin’s travels and activities in spaces not
traditionally associated with him, including the U.S. South and West, represent
interventions of a quite literal type, while his aesthetic and critical
encounters with these and other cultures, including twenty-first-century
contexts of racial, and racist, affect—as in the case of Raoul
Peck’s 2016 film I Am Not Your Negro—provide
opportunities to reconsider his work as it contributes to new thinking about
race, space, property, citizenship, and aesthetics.
The Magician’s Serpent
Authors: Glaude Eddie S.
Published: September 2019

In this essay, Eddie S. Glaude, Jr. addresses the historical and contemporary
failures of American democracy. Using the metaphor of “the
magician’s serpent,” Glaude brings Walt Whitman’s views on
democracy into the full light of America’s failure to resolve the problem
of race. Glaude places Whitman’s Democratic Vistas
(1871) in conversation with James Baldwin’s No Name in the
Street (1972) in order to construct a different sort of reading
practice that can both engage with Whitman’s views on democracy and
reckon with what George Hutchinson calls Whitman’s “white
imperialist self and ideology” as an indication of the limits of a
certain radical democratic imagining.
Strangers in the Village
Authors: Gehlawat Monika
Published: September 2019

This essay uses Edward Said’s theory of affiliation to consider the
relationship between James Baldwin and contemporary artists Teju Cole and Glenn
Ligon, both of whom explicitly engage with their predecessor’s writing in
their own work. Specifically, Baldwin’s essay “Stranger in the
Village” (1953) serves a through-line for this discussion, as it is
invoked in Cole’s essay “Black Body” and Ligon’s
visual series, also titled Stranger in the Village. In
juxtaposing these three artists, I argue that they express the dialectical
energy of affiliation by articulating ongoing concerns of race relations in
America while distinguishing themselves from Baldwin in terms of periodization,
medium-specificity, and their broader relationship to Western art practice. In
their adoption of Baldwin, Cole and Ligon also imagine a way beyond his
historical anxieties and writing-based practice, even as they continue to
reinscribe their own work with his arguments about the African-American
experience. This essay is an intermedial study that reads fiction, nonfiction,
language-based conceptual art and mixed media, as well as contemporary politics
and social media in order consider the nuances of the African-American
experience from the postwar period to our contemporary moment. Concerns about
visuality/visibility in the public sphere, narrative voice, and
self-representation, as well as access to cultural artifacts and aesthetic
engagement, all emerge in my discussion of this constellation of artists. As a
result, this essay identifies an emblematic, though not exclusive, strand of
African-American intellectual thinking that has never before been brought
together. It also demonstrates the ongoing relevance of Baldwin’s
thinking for the contemporary political scene in this country.
Neural canal ridges: A novel osteological correlate of post-cranial neurology in dinosaurs
Authors: Atterholt Jessie , Wedel Mathew J
Published: September 2019

Bony ridges occur on the walls of the neural canal in caudal vertebrae of numerous sauropod dinosaurs. These neural canal ridges (NCRs) are anteroposteriorly elongated but do not extend to the ends of the canal. To date, we have observed NCRs in caudal vertebrae of Alamosaurus, Apatosaurus, Astrophocaudia,Brontomerus, Camarasaurus, and Diplodocus.

Numerous similar structures occur in extant vertebrates: (1) Neurocentral joints are ventral to NCRs in sauropod caudal vertebrae, and NCRs occur in unfused juvenile arches. Hypothesis rejected. (2) Attachment scars from ligamentum flavum occur at the ends of the dorsal roof of the canal, not the midpoint of the lateral edges, and this mammalian ligament was probably absent in dinosaurs. Hypothesis rejected. (3) Smooth ridges separate the spinal cord from the dorsal spinal vein and paramedullary airways in some crocodilians and birds, respectively. However, these septa persist to the ends of the canal, giving it an 8-shape, unlike the discrete NCRs of dinosaurs. Hypothesis rejected. (4) Bony attachments for denticulate ligaments occur in some non-mammalian vertebrates. The dura mater around the spinal cord fuses to the periosteum of the neural canal in non-mammals, so the denticulate ligaments that support the spinal cord can leave ossified attachment scars. These spinal cord supports have been identified in teleosts, salamanders, and a juvenile lizard, and they are the best match for the morphology of the NCRs in sauropod vertebrae.

Functions of NCRs remain obscure. Denticulate ligaments are largest in regions of the vertebral column that experience strong lateral flexion. The hypothesis that NCRs supported the spinal cord of sauropods during lateral tail-whipping is attractive, but inconsistent with our recent discovery of NCRs in a hadrosaur caudal. NCRs are a new osteological correlate of the peripheral nervous system in dinosaurs, and highlight the need for more study in this area.
Learning is enhanced by tailoring instruction to individual genetic differences
Authors: Mets David G , Brainard Michael S
Published: September 2019

It is widely argued that personalized instruction based on individual differences in learning styles or genetic predispositions could improve learning outcomes. However, this proposition has resisted clear demonstration in human studies, where it is difficult to control experience and quantify outcomes. Here, we take advantage of the tractable nature of vocal learning in songbirds (Lonchura striata domestica) to test the idea that matching instruction to individual genetic predispositions can enhance learning. We use both cross-fostering and computerized instruction with synthetic songs to demonstrate that matching the tutor song to individual predispositions can improve learning across genetic backgrounds. Moreover, we find that optimizing instruction in this fashion can equalize learning differences across individuals that might otherwise be construed as genetically determined. Our results demonstrate potent, synergistic interactions between experience and genetics in shaping song, and indicate the likely importance of such interactions for other complex learned behaviors.
A novel methodology for optimal land allocation for agricultural crops using Social Spider Algorithm
Authors: Thilagavathi N , Amudha T
Published: September 2019

In the current agricultural scenario, availability of suitable land for cultivation is less and profitable allocation of the land for cultivating crops seems to be a cumbersome task. Crop planning optimization is a major research field in agriculture, in which land optimization is a significant challenge, which falls under the category of combinatorial optimization problems. The main objective of the present research is to maximize the net income from agriculture through optimal land allocation. Bio-inspired algorithms are quite popular in solving combinatorial optimization problems. Social Spider Algorithm (SSA), a new bio-inspired algorithm, is used to solve land optimization problem in this research based on the simulation of cooperative behaviour of social spiders. The agricultural area chosen for case study is the Coimbatore region, located in Tamilnadu state, India and the relevant data for the crops are collected from Tamilnadu Agricultural University Coimbatore, India. The optimal planting area, crop productivity for various land holdings and the water requirements are computed by SSA and the results have shown better directions for agricultural planning to improve the profit with constrained land area and water limitations.
Estimation of maize above-ground biomass based on stem-leaf separation strategy integrated with LiDAR and optical remote sensing data
Authors: Zhu Yaohui , Zhao Chunjiang , Yang Hao , Yang Guijun , Han Liang , Li Zhenhai , Feng Haikuan , Xu Bo , Wu Jintao , Lei Lei
Published: September 2019

Above-ground biomass (AGB) is an important indicator for effectively assessing crop growth and yield and, in addition, is an important ecological indicator for assessing the efficiency with which crops use light and store carbon in ecosystems. However, most existing methods using optical remote sensing to estimate AGB cannot observe structures below the maize canopy, which may lead to poor estimation accuracy. This paper proposes to use the stem-leaf separation strategy integrated with unmanned aerial vehicle LiDAR and multispectral image data to estimate the AGB in maize. First, the correlation matrix was used to screen optimal the LiDAR structural parameters (LSPs) and the spectral vegetation indices (SVIs). According to the screened indicators, the SVIs and the LSPs were subjected to multivariable linear regression (MLR) with the above-ground leaf biomass (AGLB) and above-ground stem biomass (AGSB), respectively. At the same time, all SVIs derived from multispectral data and all LSPs derived from LiDAR data were subjected to partial least squares regression (PLSR) with the AGLB and AGSB, respectively. Finally, the AGB was computed by adding the AGLB and the AGSB, and each was estimated by using the MLR and the PLSR methods, respectively. The results indicate a strong correlation between the estimated and field-observed AGB using the MLR method (R2 = 0.82, RMSE = 79.80 g/m2, NRMSE = 11.12%) and the PLSR method (R2 = 0.86, RMSE = 72.28 g/m2, NRMSE = 10.07%). The results indicate that PLSR more accurately estimates AGB than MLR, with R2 increasing by 0.04, root mean square error (RMSE) decreasing by 7.52 g/m2, and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) decreasing by 1.05%. In addition, the AGB is more accurately estimated by combining LiDAR with multispectral data than LiDAR and multispectral data alone, with R2 increasing by 0.13 and 0.30, respectively, RMSE decreasing by 22.89 and 54.92 g/m2, respectively, and NRMSE decreasing by 4.46% and 7.65%, respectively. This study improves the prediction accuracy of AGB and provides a new guideline for monitoring based on the fusion of multispectral and LiDAR data.
ANALISIS CUSTOMER VALUE DALAM MEMEDIASI PENGARUH SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN TERHADAP REPUTASI UNIVERSITAS SWASTA DI KOTA BATAM
Authors: Husda Nur Elfi
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Management Information Systems and customer value to the achievements of private universities in the city of Batam. The study population is a private university student enrolled in Management programs that has B accreditation in Batam city. Data analysis techniques used in explaining the phenomenon in this study is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the study show that better Management Information System will increase students' assessment of the University, as well as the student's assessment of the university's reputation, but the good or bad of the Management Information System does not affect the reputation of the university. A better Management Information System, will further enhance the reputation of the university if the student's assessment of the university is also good.
PENGARUH ANGER TRAITS, ANXIETY TRAITS, DAN FAKTOR DEMOGRAFI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI
Authors: Violeta Jesseline , Linawati Nanik
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh anger traits, anxiety traits, dan faktor demografi terhadap keputusan investasi. Keputusan investasi terdiri dari pengalaman investasi, stock trend predictability, jumlah investasi, jangka waktu investasi, pilihan investasi, preferensi risiko dan return, loss investment, dan gain investment. Sampel data yang diteliti adalah orang yang sudah berpenghasilan di Surabaya dan berusia produktif dan berjumlah 103 responden. Seleksi responden dilakukan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Metode analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan Hierarchical logistic regression dan Hierarchical Multiple Regression. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa anger traits berpengaruh signifikan terhadap seluruh variabel dalam Keputusan Investasi. Variabel anxiety traits berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengalaman investasi, stock trend predictability, pilihan investasi, preferensi risiko dan return, loss investment, dan gain investment. Variabel anxiety traits tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap preferensi risiko dan return investasi. Selain itu, keputusan investasi juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor demografi seseorang (jenis kelamin, usia, dan pendapatan). Pada faktor demografi, pendapatan adalah faktor yang secara tetap mempengaruhi pembuatan keputusan investasi
Jovens da EJA na "ilha da magia”: condições de trabalho, educação e migração
Authors: Silva Mariléia Maria da
Published: September 2019

O artigo analisa os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre as condições de trabalho para os jovens da EJA (Educação de Jovens e Adultos) no município de Florianópolis, no período de 2014-2015, tendo como ponto de partida as relações entre a escola e o trabalho. Desmitifica o constructo da “Ilha da Magia” e problematiza a noção de inclusão social como solução aos problemas que são de ordem estrutural do capital. Discute o perfil dos jovens matriculados na EJA em Florianópolis. Finalmente, aponta para uma breve reflexão sobre o fenômeno da migração como um dos elementos fundamentais a caracterizar a condição da classe trabalhadora na contemporaneidade.
A educação sob a lógica do capital: constituição e consolidação das políticas educacionais em países periféricos do capitalismo mundial
Authors: Braga Daniel Santos , Lopes Túlio César Dias
Published: September 2019

Este artigo visa discutir os impactos da consolidação do Capitalismo como sistema econômico hegemônico mundial no final do século XX nas políticas educacionais dos países periféricos. Para isso, analisou a constituição das organizações financeiras multilaterais e a sua atuação nos países, especialmente na América Latina e no Brasil. O trabalho buscou apontar como o discurso tecnicista se apresenta de maneira supraclassista e como ele oculta elementos ideológicos. Concluiu-se que, apesar do que se apresenta, existem alternativas viáveis para o modelo estabelecido, e que estas alternativas se concatenam com àquelas que buscam superar não só a proposta de educação sob a lógica do capital, como a própria sociedade capitalista.
Da filosofia aos fundamentos filosóficos da educação – primeiras aproximações
Authors: Souza Iael De
Published: September 2019

Este artigo é dirigido aos discentes dos cursos de licenciatura. Interroga sobre a atitude/reflexão filosóficas e a natureza essencial da educação a fim de chegar aos fundamentos filosóficos da educação caso atenda aos valores sócio-humano genéricos e não à Pedagogia do Capital, alicerçada no irracionalismo pós-moderno.
As modernas competênciasprofissionais como forma de dissimulação da antiga exploração do trabalhador
Authors: Mello Cleverson Molinari
Published: September 2019

O presente estudo analisa as “competências profissionais” através da discussão de teorias administrativas implantadas na indústria, considerando a divisão do trabalho, a força produtiva e as relações sociais capitalistas. Tais teorias vêm ajustando o trabalhador à nova forma de produção capitalista alicerçada nos “valores organizacionais” e “atitudes aceitáveis”. Por consequência, a doutrinação nas empresas consegue reduzir os conflitos e a resistência dos trabalhadores frente à exploração cada vez mais requintada.
“Passei a entender a influência do capital na saúde pública...”: formação política crítica dos trabalhadores do sistema único de saúde
Authors: Carnut Leonardo , Lopes Tarsila Teixeira Vilhena , Mendes Samara Jamile , Mendes Áquilas
Published: September 2019

Analisou-se a percepção dos trabalhadores do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), em um Curso de Formação Política, acerca dos desafios contemporâneos da saúde pública a luz da matriz marxista. Pedagogicamente, usou-se estratégias ativas emancipadoras e, analiticamente, conduziu-se uma Análise do Conteúdo das percepções dos 86 trabalhadores sobre como o curso contribuiu para compreender estes desafios. Os trabalhadores referiram-se, majoritariamente, ao fato de “Entender(em) melhor a influência do capital na saúde pública”. Desta forma, os trabalhadores passaram a delimitar melhor os desafios da saúde pública, diferentemente dos temas que tradicionalmente vem sendo apresentados pela saúde coletiva.
Juventude e educação no contexto do desemprego crônico na Espanha e no Brasil
Authors: Titton Mauro , D'Agostini Adriana
Published: September 2019

O artigo aborda a juventude no contexto do desemprego crônico na Espanha e no Brasil. Busca demonstrar como o desenvolvimento da crise estrutural do sistema capitalista e suas estratégias, como a criação dos organismos internacionais, os ajustes estruturais e a destruição das forças produtivas através das expropriações e da exploração ampliam o desemprego crônico, ao invés de reduzi-lo, como anunciado. Para a juventude, a Espanha tenta contornar a situação prioritariamente por duas políticas públicas: LOMCE e Garantía Juvenil; o Brasil segue a mesma lógica destas políticas, através da reforma do Ensino Médio e o programa Projovem, por exemplo. Apesar das estratégias comuns e dos investimentos elevados, a situação persiste e as políticas focais em voga não são suficientes sequer para amenizar a situação. Nesse contexto estreitam-se as possibilidades para a juventude projetar seu futuro.
Experiências pedagógicas para além do capital: análise do livro “fundamentos da escola do trabalho” de Pistrak
Authors: Moreira Israel Ramos
Published: September 2019

“Fundamentos da Escola do Trabalho” reflete o espírito revolucionário da União Soviética na década de 1920, quando tentava-se construir as bases e os valores de uma sociedade socialista. O livro de Pistrak leva-nos a pensar sobre diferentes possibilidades a respeito da formação humana, visto que tendemos a limitar nossas pretensões de acordo com as concepções e visões de mundo predominantes e “naturalizadas” no nosso tempo. Os fundamentos apresentados na obra podem e devem servir-nos de orientação e inspiração para a construção de práticas educativas que almejem contribuir para a formação verdadeiramente crítica e emancipadora dos sujeitos.
O fim da república brasileira e a urgência da educação para além do capital
Authors: Novaes Henrique Tahan
Published: September 2019

Este artigo aborda o fim da república brasileira para depois caracterizar brevemente a educação para além do capital e sua urgência no atual contexto brasileiro. Analisa também as lutas recentes dos movimentos sociais e sua potencialidade anticapital. Depois disso esboçamos a necessidade de uma teoria da transição ao socialismo adequada à nova fase do capitalismo no país.
Padrões de dominação externa na América Latina
Authors: Fernandes Florestan
Published: September 2019

A presente discussão não pretende descrever todos os aspectos da dominação externa e como ela foi ou é mantida socialmente[i]. Considerada sociologicamente, a América Latina defronta-se com dois grandes problemas. O primeiro é a nova forma de imperialismo e a sua difusão sob a hegemonia de uma superpotência capitalista, os Estados Unidos. O outro consiste em como enfrentar o imperialismo, na época das grandes empresas corporativas e da dominação implacável por parte de uma nação americana, dadas as debilidades econômicas, socioculturais e políticas predominantes, mesmo nos países mais avançados da região. Ambas as questões implicam uma discussão preliminar do assunto geral, já que a docilidade dos interesses privados latino-americanos em relação ao controle externo não constitui tão-somente uma estratagema econômico. Trata-se de um componente dinâmico de uma tradição colonial de subserviência, baseada em fins econômicos, mas também na cegueira nacional, até certo ponto estimulada e controlada a partir de fora.

[i]Sobre esse assunto e pata bibliografia básica, ver esp. F. Fernandes, Sociedade de Classes e Subdesenvolvimento, Rio de Janeiro, Zahar Editores, 1968, cap. 11, ps, 21.103, 204-256, e T. Halperin Donghi, Hist6ria Contemporânea da América Latina, Madri, Alianza Editorial, 1969. As seguintes contribuições recentes merecem atenção especial: A. G. Frank, Capitalism and Underdeuelopment in Latin .Amerlca, Nova York, Monthly Review Press, 1967; J. Graciarena, Poder y Clases Sociales en el DesarroIlo de América Latina, Buenos Aires, Editorial Paidós, 1967; C. Furtado, Deueloprnent and Stagna .. tion in Latin América, New Haven, Vale University Press, 1965; F. H. Cardoso e E. Faletto, Depen dencia y Desarrollo en América Latina, México, Sigla Veintiuno Editores SA., 1969; R. Vekernans, Ismael Fuenzalida e outros, M arginalidad en América Latina, Santiago deI Chile, nasxt-Editorial Herder, 1969 (cap. 1); A. Garcia, La Estrutura del Atraso en América Latina, Buenos Aires, Editorial Pleamar, 1969; R. N. Adams, Th e Second Sotoing, San Francisco, Cal., Chandler Publishing COI J 1967.
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Use and Association With Incident Hypertension in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Liew Jean W. , Ward Michael M. , Reveille John D. , Weisman Michael , Brown Matthew A. , Lee MinJae , Rahbar Mohammed , Heckbert Susan R. , Gensler Lianne S.
Published: September 2019

Objective

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increase blood pressure and potentially cardiovascular burden, which may limit their use in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Our objective was to determine the association of NSAID use with incident hypertension in a longitudinal AS cohort.

Methods

Adults with AS were enrolled in a prospective cohort study of patient outcomes and examined every 4–6 months. Hypertension was defined by patient‐reported hypertension; antihypertensive medication use; or, on 2 consecutive visits, systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg. Continuous NSAID use was dichotomized based on the validated NSAID index. We assessed the association of NSAID use as a time‐varying exposure with the incidence of hypertension using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Of the 1,282 patients in the cohort, 628 patients without baseline hypertension had at least 1 year of follow‐up and were included in the analysis. Of these, 72% were male, the mean age at baseline was 39 ± 13 years, and 200 patients used NSAIDs continuously. On follow‐up, 129 developed incident hypertension. After controlling for other variables, continuous NSAID use was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.12 for incident hypertension (95% confidence interval 1.04–1.20), compared to noncontinuous or no use. The association did not differ in subgroups defined by age, body mass index, biologic use, or disease activity.

Conclusion

In our prospective, longitudinal AS cohort, continuous NSAID use was associated with a 12% increased risk for the development of incident hypertension, as compared to noncontinuous or no NSAID use.
Tough, Freestanding, and Colorless Photonic Paper Using Water as Ink
Authors: Xia Yongqing , Chen Binghe , Gao Shuai , Liu Yijing , Zeng Zhujun , Cao Meiwen , Wang Shengjie
Published: September 2019

Structural colors arising from interactions of light with submicron scale periodic structures have been found in nature. Inspired by photonic materials, rewritable paper using water as ink is fabricated via entrapping amorphous colloids crystals film into hydrogel. This photonic paper is tough, free‐standing, transparent, and colorless in dry state, just like plastic sheet. Marks display using water as ink to write on the paper and disappear with the evaporation of water. The color of the marks similar to that of the initial PS colloids film and could be tuned by changing the size of the colloids. The photonic paper possesses high durability and can be rewritten over 70 cycles without significant color fading. Besides, the retention time of the written marks could be well controlled from minutes to weeks by using glycerol/water as ink. It is worth noting that long‐range order is not the necessary condition for the formation of photonic paper, which makes the preparation easy to achieve. More interesting, the wet hydrogel film is sensitive to strain, and has the potential to be mechanical sensor.
Incorporating CsF into the PbI2 Film for Stable Mixed Cation‐Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yi Xiaohui , Zhang Zhiming , Chang Ailing , Mao Yichen , Luan Yigang , Lin Tao , Wei Yuanzhi , Zhang Yanyan , Wang Fuyi , Cao Shaokui , Li Cheng , Wang Jizheng
Published: September 2019

Adding a small amount of CsI into mixed cation‐halide perovskite film via a one‐step method has been demonstrated as an excellent strategy for high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the one‐step method generally relies on an antisolvent washing process, which is hard to control and not suitable for fabricating large‐area devices. Here, CsF is employed and Cs is incorporated into perovskite film via a two‐step method. It is revealed that CsF can effectively diffuse into the PbI2 seed film, and drastically enhances perovskite crystallization, leading to high‐quality Cs‐doped perovskite film with a very long photoluminescence carrier lifetime (1413 ns), remarkable light stability, thermal stability, and humidity stability. The fabricated PSCs show power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 21%, and they are highly thermally stable: in the aging test at 60 °C for 300 h, 96% of the original PCE remains. The CsF incorporation process provides a new avenue for stable high‐performance PSCs.
Working‐age people with disability and labour force participation: Geographic variations in Australia
Authors: Zhou Qingsheng , Llewellyn Gwynnyth , Stancliffe Roger , Fortune Nicola
Published: September 2019

To examine geographic variation in labour force participation rate (LFPR) of working‐age people with disability in Australia and associated factors. This study uses Australian Census 2016 data at Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) and engages multiple linear regression to explore the relationship between the dependent variable,= LFPR of people with disability, and diverse independent variables that reflect collective characteristics of people with disability and their non‐disabled peers within SA2. While LFPRs for people with disability varied greatly by SA2, people with disability had considerably lower LFPR than their non‐disabled peers in all areas. The LFPRs tended to be higher in SA2s with higher percentages of people with disability who had completed year 12 or gained post‐school education, with higher household income, and where a higher proportion of people with disability mainly spoke English at home. These results indicate that where people live matters. Geographic variation in LFPR for people with disability is associated with geographic variation in their educational attainment and other social and community characteristics of the areas in which they live. This study contributes towards gaining a more sophisticated and nuanced understanding of the factors that influence LFPR of people with disability in relation to their local community environment.
Peptid‐basierte molekulare Strategien zum Einsatz bei Proteinfehlfaltung, Proteinaggregation und Zelldegeneration
Authors: Armiento Valentina , Spanopoulou Anna , Kapurniotu Aphrodite
Published: September 2019

Die Proteinfehlfaltung in Amyloidfibrillen steht im Zusammenhang mit über 40 unheilbaren zell‐ und neurodegenerativen Krankheiten. Unter den vielen getesteten Amyloid‐inhibitorischen Molekülen fand jedoch bisher nur eines Anwendung im Patienten. In diesem Kurzaufsatz besprechen wir molekulare Strategien und peptidchemische Hilfsmittel, die bei der Entdeckung, dem Design und der Entwicklung Peptid‐basierter Leitstrukturen für Anti‐Amyloidwirkstoffe eingesetzt werden. Im Zentrum stehen zwei wichtige rationale Amyloidinhibitor‐Designstrategien: 1) Die älteste und bekannteste Strategie, die sich molekulare Erkennungselemente der Amyloidselbstassoziation zunutze macht, und 2) ein jüngerer Ansatz, der auf Kreuzamyloidwechselwirkungen beruht. Wir diskutieren, warum Peptid‐basierte Amyloidinhibitoren, insbesondere ihre fortgeschrittenen Generationen, vielversprechende Leitstrukturen oder Kandidaten für Anti‐Amyloidwirkstoffe und wertvolle Hilfsmittel bei der Aufklärung krankheitsrelevanter Zellschädigungsmechanismen werden können.
Strukturmodell von Polymermizellen in Abhängigkeit von der Curcumin‐Beladung mithilfe von Festkörper‐NMR‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Pöppler Ann‐Christin , Lübtow Michael M. , Schlauersbach Jonas , Wiest Johannes , Meinel Lorenz , Luxenhofer Robert
Published: September 2019

Detaillierte Einblicke in die Struktur von mit Wirkstoffen beladenen Polymermizellen sind rar, aber wichtig um gezielt optimierte Transportsysteme entwickeln zu können. Wir konnten beobachten, dass eine Erhöhung der Curcumin‐Beladung von Triblockcopolymeren auf Basis von Poly(2‐oxazolinen) und Poly(2‐oxazinen) schlechtere Auflösungseigenschaften nach sich zieht. Mitthilfe von Festkörper‐NMR‐Spektroskopie und komplementären Techniken ist es möglich, ein ladungsabhängiges Strukturmodell auf molekularer Ebene zu erstellen, das eine Erklärung für die beobachteten Unterschiede liefert. Dabei belegen die Änderungen der chemischen Verschiebungen und Kreuzsignale in 2D‐NMR‐Experimenten die Beteiligung des hydrophoben Polymerblocks an der Koordination der Curcumin‐Moleküle, während bei höherer Beladung auch eine zunehmende Wechselwirkung mit dem hydrophilen Polymerblock beobachtet wird. Letztere könnte elementar für die Stabilisierung von ultrahochbeladenen Polymermizellen sowie das Design von verbesserten Wirkstofftransportsystemen sein.
Synthesis of Gb3 Glycosphingolipids with Labeled Head Groups: Distribution in Phase‐Separated Giant Unilamellar Vesicles
Authors: Sibold Jeremias , Kettelhoit Katharina , Vuong Loan , Liu Fangyuan , Werz Daniel B. , Steinem Claudia
Published: September 2019

The receptor lipid Gb3 is responsible for the specific internalization of Shiga toxin (STx) into cells. The head group of Gb3 defines the specificity of STx binding, and the backbone with different fatty acids is expected to influence its localization within membranes impacting membrane organization and protein internalization. To investigate this influence, a set of Gb3 glycosphingolipids labeled with a BODIPY fluorophore attached to the head group was synthesized. C24 fatty acids, saturated, unsaturated, α‐hydroxylated derivatives, and a combination thereof, were attached to the sphingosine backbone. The synthetic Gb3 glycosphingolipids were reconstituted into coexisting liquid‐ordered (lo)/liquid‐disordered (ld) giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), and STx binding was verified by fluorescence microscopy. Gb3 with the C24:0 fatty acid partitioned mostly in the lo phase, while the unsaturated C24:1 fatty acid distributes more into the ld phase. The α‐hydroxylation does not influence its partitioning.
Metal–Organic Frameworks Based Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Lu Xue Feng , Xia Bao Yu , Zang Shuang‐Quan , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: September 2019

In view of the clean and sustainable energy, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) based materials, including pristine MOFs, MOF composites, and their derivatives are emerging as unique electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Thanks to their tunable compositions and diverse structures, efficient MOF‐based materials provide new opportunities to accelerate the sluggish ORR at the cathode in fuel cells and metal–air batteries. This Minireview first provides some introduction of ORR and MOFs, followed by the classification of MOF‐based electrocatalysts towards ORR. Recent breakthroughs in engineering MOF‐based ORR electrocatalysts are highlighted with an emphasis on synthesis strategy, component, morphology, structure, electrocatalytic performance, and reaction mechanism. Finally, some current challenges and future perspectives for MOF‐based ORR electrocatalysts are also discussed.
Stereoselektive C(sp3)‐C(sp2)‐Kreuzkupplungen von chiralen sekundären Alkylzinkreagenzien mit Alkenyl‐ und Arylhalogeniden
Authors: Skotnitzki Juri , Kremsmair Alexander , Keefer Daniel , Gong Ye , de Vivie‐Riedle Regina , Knochel Paul
Published: September 2019

Wir berichten über Palladium‐katalysierte Kreuzkupplungsreaktionen von chiralen sekundären nicht‐stabilisierten Dialkylzinkreagenzien – hergestellt aus einfach verfügbaren chiralen sekundären Alkyliodiden – mit Alkenyl‐ und Arylhalogeniden. Mit dieser Methode wurden α‐chirale Alkene und Arene mit sehr hoher Retention ihrer Konfiguration (dr bis zu 98:2) und guter Gesamtausbeute (bis zu 76 % über 3 Reaktionsschritte) hergestellt. Die konfigurationelle Stabilität dieser chiralen nicht‐stabilisierten Dialkylzinkreagenzien wurde bestimmt und überstieg mehrere Stunden bei 25 °C. DFT‐Berechnungen wurden durchgeführt um die Stereoretention während des katalytischen Zyklus zu erklären. Außerdem wurde die Kreuzkupplungsreaktion in der effizienten Totalsynthese der Sesquiterpene (S)‐ und (R)‐Curcumene mit Kontrolle der absoluten Stereochemie verwendet.
Mechanoluminescence or Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence: Molecular Packing‐Dependent Emission Response
Authors: Wang Jinfeng , Chai Zhaofei , Wang Jiaqiang , Wang Can , Han Mengmeng , Liao Qiuyan , Huang Arui , Lin Peixuan , Li Conggang , Li Qianqian , Li Zhen
Published: September 2019

Mechanoluminescence (ML) and room‐temperature photophosphorescence (RTP) were achieved in polymorphisms of a triphenylamine derivative with ortho‐substitution. This molecular packing‐dependent emission afforded crucial information to deeply understand the intrinsic mechanism of different emission forms and the possible packing–function relationship. With the incorporation of solid‐state 13C NMR spectra of single crystals, as well as the analysis of crystal structures, the preferred packing modes for ML and/or RTP were investigated in detail, which can guide the reasonable design of organic molecules with special light‐emission properties.
Peptide‐Based Molecular Strategies To Interfere with Protein Misfolding, Aggregation, and Cell Degeneration
Authors: Armiento Valentina , Spanopoulou Anna , Kapurniotu Aphrodite
Published: September 2019

Protein misfolding into amyloid fibrils is linked to more than 40 as yet incurable cell‐ and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and type 2 diabetes. So far, however, only one of the numerous anti‐amyloid molecules has reached patients. This Minireview gives an overview of molecular strategies and peptide chemistry “tools” to design, develop, and discover peptide‐based molecules as anti‐amyloid drug candidates. We focus on two major inhibitor rational design strategies: 1) the oldest and most common strategy, based on molecular recognition elements of amyloid self‐assembly, and 2) a more recent approach, based on cross‐amyloid interactions. We discuss why peptide‐based amyloid inhibitors, in particular their advanced generations, can be promising leads or candidates for anti‐amyloid drugs as well as valuable tools for deciphering amyloid‐mediated cell damage and its link to disease pathogenesis.
Stereoselective Csp3−Csp2 Cross‐Couplings of Chiral Secondary Alkylzinc Reagents with Alkenyl and Aryl Halides
Authors: Skotnitzki Juri , Kremsmair Alexander , Keefer Daniel , Gong Ye , de Vivie‐Riedle Regina , Knochel Paul
Published: September 2019

We report palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of chiral secondary non‐stabilized dialkylzinc reagents, prepared from readily available chiral secondary alkyl iodides, with alkenyl and aryl halides. This method provides α‐chiral alkenes and arenes with very high retention of configuration (dr up to 98:2) and satisfactory overall yields (up to 76 % for 3 reaction steps). The configurational stability of these chiral non‐stabilized dialkylzinc reagents was determined and exceeded several hours at 25 °C. DFT calculations were performed to rationalize the stereoretention during the catalytic cycle. Furthermore, the cross‐coupling reaction was applied in an efficient total synthesis of the sesquiterpenes (S)‐ and (R)‐curcumene with control of the absolute stereochemistry.
A Scalable Chemical Approach for the Synthesis of a Highly Tolerant and Efficient Oil Absorbent
Authors: Shome Arpita , Maji Kousik , Rather Adil Majeed , Yashwanth Arcot , Patel Deepak Kumar , Manna Uttam
Published: September 2019

In the past, bio‐inspired extreme water repellent property has been strategically embedded on commercially available sponges for developing selective oil absorbents. However, most of the reported materials lack physical and chemical durability, limiting their applicability at practically harsh settings. Herein, a stable dispersion of polymeric nanocomplexes was exploited to achieve a chemically reactive coating on the highly compressible melamine foam. A superhydrophobic melamine foam (SMF) was achieved after post‐covalent modification of the reactive coating through 1,4‐conjugate addition reaction at ambient conditions. The durability of the embedded extreme water repellent property in the as‐modified melamine foam has been elaborately demonstrated through exposing it to severe physical manipulations, chemically harsh aqueous media including pH 1, pH 12, surfactant contaminated water, river water, seawater and prolonged UV irradiation. Thus, the highly tolerant SMF was utilized as an efficient oil absorbent wherein oils of varying densities could be selectively recovered from an oil/water interface with high (e.g., 137 g g−1 for chloroform and 83 g g−1 for diesel) oil absorption capacity. Moreover, the selective oil absorption capacity of the as‐synthesized material remained unaffected at practically relevant severe chemical and physical settings, and the extreme water repellency of the material remained unaltered even after repetitive (at least 50 cycles) use for oil/water separation.
Creeping Clinical Attachment After Acellular Dermal Matrix Augmentation to Attain Root Coverage
Authors: Changi Khashayar Kordbacheh , Greenstein Gary , Tarnow Dennis , Royzman Daniel , Kang Philip
Published: September 2019

Introduction

This case report documents root coverage after using an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) combined with a tunneling procedure. The photographs and objective clinical measurements are presented to document a gain of new clinical attachment and subsequent creeping attachment.

Case Presentation

A 50‐year‐old male who demonstrated around 6 mm of recessions on the direct facial of teeth #6 through #11 had a root coverage procedure using an ADM. After 24 months, >90% of the recession defects at all sites were eliminated. It was noted that creeping clinical attachment began to appear 6 months after initial therapy on teeth #7 through# 11.

Conclusion

The delayed creeping attachment seems to be due to the time necessary to vascularize the ADM and the rate of vascularization may vary with different thicknesses of inserted ADM.
19F NMR Spectroscopy Tagging and Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement‐Based Conformation Analysis of Intrinsically Disordered Protein Complexes
Authors: Somlyay Máté , Ledolter Karin , Kitzler Manuel , Sandford Graham , Cobb Steven L. , Konrat Robert
Published: September 2019

The combination of 19F NMR spectroscopy tagging and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) NMR spectroscopy experiments was evaluated as a versatile method to probe protein–protein interactions and conformational changes of intrinsically disordered proteins upon complex formation. The feasibility of the approach is illustrated with an application to the Myc‐Max protein complex; this is an oncogenic transcription factor that binds enhancer box DNA fragments. The single cysteine residue of Myc was tagged with highly fluorinated [19F]3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl bromide. Structural dynamics of the protein complex were monitored through intermolecular PREs between 19F‐Myc and paramagnetic (1‐oxyl‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐Δ3‐pyrroline‐3‐methyl)methanethiosulfonate (MTSL)‐tagged) Max. The 19F R2 relaxation rates obtained with three differently MTSL‐tagged Max mutants revealed novel insights into the differential structural dynamics of Myc‐Max bound to DNA and the tumour suppressor breast cancer antigen 1. Given its ease of implementation, fruitful applications of this strategy to structural biology and inhibitor screening can be envisaged.
Optimization of the Inverted Emulsion Method for High‐Yield Production of Biomimetic Giant Unilamellar Vesicles
Authors: Moga Akanksha , Yandrapalli Naresh , Dimova Rumiana , Robinson Tom
Published: September 2019

In the field of bottom‐up synthetic biology, lipid vesicles provide an important role in the construction of artificial cells. Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), due to their membrane's similarity to natural biomembranes, have been widely used as cellular mimics. So far, several methods exist for the production of GUVs with the possibility to encapsulate biological macromolecules. The inverted emulsion‐based method is one such technique, which has great potential for rapid production of GUVs with high encapsulation efficiencies for large biomolecules. However, the lack of understanding of various parameters that affect production yields has resulted in sparse adaptation within the membrane and bottom‐up synthetic biology research communities. Here, we optimize various parameters of the inverted emulsion‐based method to maximize the production of GUVs. We demonstrate that the density difference between the emulsion droplets, oil phase, and the outer aqueous phase plays a crucial role in vesicle formation. We also investigated the impact that centrifugation speed/time, lipid concentration, pH, temperature, and emulsion droplet volume has on vesicle yield and size. Compared to conventional electroformation, our preparation method was not found to significantly alter the membrane mechanical properties. Finally, we optimize the parameters to minimize the time from workbench to microscope and in this way open up the possibility of time‐sensitive experiments. In conclusion, our findings will promote the usage of the inverted emulsion method for basic membrane biophysics studies as well as the development of GUVs for use as future artificial cells.
Catalytic CO2 Reduction with Boron‐ and Aluminum Hydrides
Authors: Franz Daniel , Jandl Christian , Stark Claire , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: September 2019

The previously reported dimeric NHI aluminum dihydrides 1 a,b, as well as the bis(NHI) aluminum dihydride salt 9+[OTs]−, the bis(NHI) boron dihydride salt 10+[OTs]−, and the “free” bis(NHI) ligand 12 were investigated with regard to their activity as a homogenous (pre)catalyst in the hydroboration (i. e. catalytic reduction) of carbon dioxide (CO2) in chloroform under mild conditions (i. e. room temperature, 1 atm; NHI=N‐heterocyclic imine, Ts=tosyl). Borane dimethylsulfide complex and catecholborane were used as a hydride source. Surprisingly, the less sterically hindered 1 a exhibited lower catalytic activity than the bulkier 1 b. A similarly unexpected discrepancy was found with the lower catalytic activity of 10+ in comparison to the one of the bis(NHI) 12. The latter is incorporated as the ligand to the boron center in 10+. To elucidate possible mechanisms for CO2 reduction the compounds were subjected to stoichiometric reactivity studies with the borane or CO2. Aluminum carboxylates 4, 6, and 7+ with two, four, and one formate group per two aluminum centers were isolated. Also, the boron formate salt 11+[OTs]− was characterized. Selected metal formates were subjected to stoichiometric reactions with boranes and/or tested as a catalyst. We conclude that each type of catalyst (1 a,b, 9+, 10+, 12) follows an individual mechanistic pathway for CO2 reduction.
Solving the Catalytic Mechanism of Tryptophan Synthase: an Emergent Drug Target in the Treatment of Tuberculosis
Authors: Teixeira Carla S. Silva , Ramos Maria J. , Sousa Sérgio F. , Cerqueira Nuno M. F. S. A.
Published: September 2019

Tryptophan Synthase (TSase) is an emergent therapeutic target in the treatment of tuberculosis. Interest in TSase as a drug target arose from the fact that this enzyme is not present in humans, while in bacteria, like M. tuberculosis, it catalyses the last two steps in the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway. Several inhibitors of TSase have recently been developed, with promising results. However, the exact catalytic mechanism of this enzyme has remained unexplained at the atomic level. The fact that TSase is a multifunctional enzyme, with two dimers, each one with two independent active sites, interconnected by a 25 Å tunnel, has made it a challenging enzyme, from the catalytic point of view. QM/MM calculations were used to analyze and explain the two steps catalyzed by this enzyme. The results provide an atomic‐level clarification of the full catalytic mechanism of this enzyme, offering also important clues for the development of new inhibitors against tuberculosis.
The Ampoule Method: A Pathway towards Controllable Synthesis of Electrocatalysts for Water Electrolysis
Authors: Zhao Yongqiang , Jin Bo , Vasileff Anthony , Shi Bingyang , Jiao Yan , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: September 2019

The ampoule method provides a promising pathway towards the controllable synthesis of novel electrocatalysts for water electrolysis due to its straightforward manipulation of reaction conditions, accessible experimental design, and controlled environment. This Concept introduces the development of the ampoule method and anticipates its application in electrocatalyst synthesis for water electrolysis. First, the history, device configuration, and merits of the ampoule method are briefly introduced. Afterwards, typical materials synthesized by the ampoule method are discussed. Then, recent process in applying the ampoule method to synthesize electrocatalysts for water electrolysis is highlighted. Finally, opportunities and potentials of this method in facilitating electrocatalyst synthesis for water electrolysis are discussed.