bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women’S Troubles
Authors: Greaves Mel
Published: October 2023

Sex was invented not, as the poet Philip Larkin mused, in 1963, but a very long time ago. The first conjugal union between two different members of a unicellular species was a chance coupling some 3000 million years ago. They fused, shared, and shifted their genes and the world became a different place. When I sat the undergraduate entrance exams for the Zoology Department at University College London in the early 1960s, a question posed by John Maynard Smith, one of the UK’s leading evolutionary biologists, was: ‘Is sex necessary?’ It had never occurred to me that this could be an issue. The answer goes along the lines that sexual reproduction is really about mixing and shuffling of parental genes. This serves to both create extra genetic diversity in offspring and ensure that not all offspring inherit any deleterious mutations lurking in the germ line. The pay-off of this genetic versatility is better survival prospects (for at least some offspring). Survival in a forever changing, hostile, and parasite-ridden world is the gist of what many biologists believe the invention of sex was really all about, although the argument is richer and more complex than this.
Cancer À Deux
Authors: Greaves Mel
Published: October 2023

Over 150 years ago, the French coined the phrase ‘cancer à deux’ to descri e the duaccurrence of cancers of the female cervix and male pemsm a cohab1tmg couple, more often than not husband and wife. How common this was we cannot be sure but it prompted the idea that the cancer might be contagious. It now seems that they were not far off the mark.
Travelling Light
Authors: Greaves Mel
Published: October 2023

Each of us is enveloped in a natural coat of skin some one millimetre thick. This layer is continually sloughed off as surely, if less conspicuously, than a snake’s and provides a near impermeable barrier of dead and dying cells between our bodies and the outside world. But there is much more to skin than keeping everything in the sausage. It’s a complex multifunctional tissue. We have evolved skin for a number of important adaptive reasons - as a barrier to chemical toxins, as a sensory organ, as a social signalling device, and as a heat exchanger.
Cardiac Anaesthesia
Authors: Hwang Dr Nian Chih , Sinclair Dr Michael
Published: October 2023

Cardiac Anaesthesia: A Practical Approach is the first concise reference text to cover all aspects of cardiac anaesthesia. Aimed at trainee anaesthetists and cardiac anaesthetic nurses, the book presents clear and concise guidelines enabling the medical practitioner with little or no cardiac experience to develop and practise the required skills. For convenience the book has been divided into three main sections: Anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology Anaesthesia for adults Anaesthesia for children For both adults and children, the book explains how to prepare the patient for cardiac surgery, presents instructions on anaesthesia for different types of cardiac surgery, and provides information on postoperative care. Cardiac Anaesthesia: a practical handbook will be an essential guide for anaesthetists in training, and nurses involved in the care of cardiac patients.
Guidelines for valve surgery
Authors: Hwang Dr Nian Chih , Sinclair Dr Michael
Published: October 2023

The aetiology of mitral stenosis is usually rheumatic heart disease, whereas the aetiologies for mitral regurgitation are rheumatic heart disease, mitral valve prolapse, papillary muscle dysfunction, and ruptured chordae. Mixed mitral stenotic and regurgitant disease follow rheumatic heart disease. Stenosis of the aortic valve may be a sequela of rheumatic heart disease or a result of calcification or degeneration of a congenitally bicuspid aortic valve or a previously normal valve. Aortic regurgitation may occur secondary to rheumatic or non-rheumatic valvular diseases, or in association with aortic root dilatation. Non-rheumatic causes include infective endocarditis, trauma, and connective tissue disorders such as Marfan’s syndrome or cystic medial necrosis of the aortic valve. Aortic dissection from trauma, hypertension, or chronic degenerative processes can result in dilatation of the root and secondary functional incompetence. Mixed aortic stenotic and regurgitant disease follow rheumatic heart disease.
Guidelines for pericardiectomy and surgical relief of cardiac tamponade
Authors: Hwang Dr Nian Chih , Sinclair Dr Michael
Published: October 2023

Thickening of the pericardium causing constrictive pericarditis can be caused by scarring after acute pericarditis, recurrent or chronic inflammatory processes involving the pericardium, uraemia, neoplastic diseases, penetrating or non-penetrating trauma, and radiation. The restriction in diastolic filling of the heart is reflected as jugular venous distension and hepatomegaly. Atrial fibrillation may be present. Pronounced ascites and peripheral oedema are presentations seen in endstage disease. The surgical management is pericardiectomy. This can be performed via either a left anterolateral thoracotomy or a median sternotomy with or without cardiopulmonary bypass. Left thoracotomy gives good exposure of the left ventricle without the need to elevate the heart during dissection. However, median sternotomy allows a wide exposure and the institution of cardiopulmonary bypass if required.
Guidelines for surgical procedures via thoracotomy
Authors: Hwang Dr Nian Chih , Sinclair Dr Michael
Published: October 2023

Ligation of a persistent ductus arteriosus, creation of a Blalock-Taussig shunt, correction of aortic coarctation, and banding of the pulmonary artery can be performed without cardiopulmonary bypass through a left thoracotomy. Ligation of the ductus arteriosus is indicated when a trial of indomethacin therapy has failed to close the duct or is performed in conjunction with other procedures for congenital cardiac disease (seep. 118 for information on persistent ductus arteriosus). The Blalock-Taussig shunt is an example of a systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt performed in the newborn to improve pulmonary blood flow and oxygenation. This is only a palliative procedure. A definitive correction of the cardiac abnormalities can be performed at a later stage when the morbidity or mortality of repair is less.
Male reproductive endocrinology (physiology)
Authors: Laycock John , Wise Peter
Published: October 2023

See also Chapters 4 (Qs 4, 19, 20); Chapter 5 (Qs 5, 14) the phenotype is determined by the presence of either X or Y chromosomes development of the indifferent gonads into testes is initiated by the activation of a ‘sex-determining region of the Y chromosome’ (sry) gene the primitive Mullerian ducts develop into the male reproductive tract d the developing Sertoli cells are stimulated to produce tesrosterone
Non-pharmacological methods for the treatment of pain in children
Authors: Wood C , Vieyra M , Poulain P
Published: October 2023

There is increasing interest in the use of non-pharmacological methods for alleviating pain in children. This interest does not imply that the aetiology of children’s pain is psychological in nature. The Cartesian dichotomy between the ‘psyche’ and the ‘soma’, and the resulting ‘psychosomatic’ ideas about the psychological aetiology of physical pain have been largely abandoned, in favour of a more multi-factorial biopsychosocial model. The gate control theory explains the complexity in the modulation of pain which is located at 3 levels: the gating of the oncoming nociceptive input in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord; the modulation at the level of the limbic system through descending pathways to the dorsal horn; and modulation at the level of the cerebral cortex by a range of cognitive (understanding, meaning, expectation, control, and attention) and affective factors (depression, anxiety, and fear) that can affect the pain experience (Tarbell 1999).
Bioanalytical methods for anticancer drugs
Authors: Beijnen Jos H , Rosing Hilde
Published: October 2023

Most anticancer agents exhibit a narrow therapeutic window with small margins between toxic and subtherapeutic exposure. Inter-individual pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variabilities are usually substantial and may explain why some patients experience chemotherapy as a relatively mild treatment while others suffer from severe side effects. Antitumour activity also varies greatly in cohorts of patients even though they are treated with the same dose of anticancer agent.
Clinical implications and mechanisms of variability in the response to anticancer agents
Authors: Schellens Jan H M
Published: October 2023

Chemotherapeutic agents in general have a narrow therapeutic index, and as a result the exposure resulting in the required therapeutic effect (tumour cell kill) and that inducing significant side effects is relatively close. Exposure to anticancer agents is traditionally measured by the area under the plasma concentration—time curve (AUC). It is common practice in oncology to apply standard dosage regimens of anticancer drugs. However, this approach results in wide inter-patient variation in exposure (AUC), owing to variable absorption and elimination processes, and therefore the dose—exposure relationship is highly variable due to pharmacokinetic variation between patients.
Sharing the dilemma
Authors: Maslin Anna M
Published: October 2023

To set the scene for this book, here is the true account of one patient’s journey through her diagnosis, decision-making process, and treatment for breast cancer. It 1s her story and unique to her. It does not represent the experiences of all women and yet there are themes which recur in many accounts. This patient was chosen at random, not because her story was a ‘good’ experience or a ‘bad’ experience. As professionals we often only see in part what the patient experiences as a whole. On occasions it is sometimes helpful to see the situation from the patient’s point of view.
Decision-making in breast cancer screening
Authors: Given-Wilson R
Published: October 2023

Breast cancer screening can involve difficult choices, both for women being screened and for doctors working in screening. I will discuss the current evidence about the value of screening, how it works, what women and doctors can expect from the screening process, and the decisions that must be made.
Early breast cancer — medical treatment options
Authors: Smith I E
Published: October 2023

The most significant advance m breast cancer management during the last quarter century has come from the realization that this is a systemic disease from the outset in the majority of patients. In other words most patients, when they first present with a malignant lump to the breast, already have microscopic metastases which have spread, principally through the blood, to other parts of the body. This means that systemic medical treatments are usually required in addition to (or as adjuvant to) local treatment to the breast itself.
The course of cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Weickert Thomas W , Goldberg Terry E
Published: October 2023

Although a vast literature pertaining to neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia has amassed over the past 45 years, the exact timing and course of the neuropsychological deficits remains obscure. Some authors have provided evidence for a decline of intellect from premorbid levels subsequent to the onset of schizophrenia, while others have failed to obtain evidence for such a decline of intellect. Finally, some studies have suggested that patients with schizophrenia suffer severe cognitive and intellectual damage early in their development, while other studies would, by inference, imply that there is no basis for such severe cognitive deficits early in the development of patients with schizophrenia. The focus of this chapter will be to review the literature pertaining to the nature and extent of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia including studies pertaining to the presence or absence of intellectual decline in an effort to synthesize these disparate findings into a unified description of the course of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.
Cognitive functioning, social adjustment and long-term outcome in schizophrenia
Authors: Mueser Kim T
Published: October 2023

This review evaluates the evidence suggesting a link between cognitive functioning in schizophrenia and long-term outcome. In considering the course and outcome of schizophrenia, special emphasis is given to impairments in social (including vocational) functioning, which both characterize the illness and present the greatest challenge to treatment providers and families. While I review research on the association between cognitive functioning and outcome for patients who receive routine treatment (e.g. psychopharmacology and case management), I examine more closely the relationship between cognitive impairment and response to psychosocial rehabilitation. Understanding whether cognitive functioning limits (or precludes) the ability to benefit from psychosocial rehabilitation has important implications for the development, evaluation and modification of interventions designed to improve social functioning in schizophrenia.
Cognitive functioning and negative symptoms in schizophrenia
Authors: Addington Jean
Published: October 2023

The 19th century British neurologist Hughlings Jackson was one of the first to use the terms negative and positive symptoms in psychiatry. Jackson speculated that negative symptoms were a result of a disease-induced loss of higher mental functioning (1958). It was not until 1974 that John Strauss and his colleagues (Strauss et al., 1974) suggested that these phenomenologies of positive and negative symptoms represented distinct pathophysiologies within schizophrenia. Crow in the UK, who postulated that there were two syndromes in schizophrenia (1980, 1985), developed this hypothesis more fully. He called these two syndromes type 1 and type 2 schizophrenia. Patients with type 1 had predominantly positive symptoms that were considered to be responsive to neuroleptics, with good premorbid functioning, an acute onset, a better long-term course and outcome, and cognitive deterioration. Type 2 was characterized by mainly negative symptoms that were drug resistant, with poorer premorbid functioning, an insidious onset, a poorer long-term course and outcome, and cognitive deterioration. Crow believed that type 1 reflected reversible hyperdopaminergic activity in a structurally normal brain, and type 2 irreversible neuronal loss in a structurally abnormal brain (1980, 1985).
Cognitive impairments as causes of positive symptoms in schizophrenia
Authors: Phillips Mary L , David Anthony S
Published: October 2023

Neuropsychological theories of symptomatology in schizophrenia have linked the abnormal behaviors and cognitive processes demonstrated in patients with the illness with underlying brain dysfunction (David and Cutting, 1994). Several such theories have been developed to explain the deficit syndrome in particular, in which negative symptoms such as reduced motivation, apathy, social withdrawal and alogia occur (Andreasen, 1983).
Cognitive rehabilitation and remediation in schizophrenia
Authors: Wykes Til
Published: October 2023

Every man is born with a live computer of limitless possibilities but without the instruction manual. The most important job of science today is to draw up that manual. Machado (1980) The whole of this book is devoted to persuading its readership of the importance of problems of cognition to the disorder of schizophrenia. Not only is cognitive deficit part of current definitions of the disorder, but its severity is also predictive of future service use. Our patients also consider cognition as important. They describe problems with concentrating on simple everyday tasks not only at the time of an acute exacerbation of the illness but also between episodes. These problems may be so severe that they affect every aspect of their life. However, only recently has the focus of treatment development been on changing the cognitive disability itself rather than reducing the symptoms of schizophrenia, although in the UK these too are being changed through cognitive behavioral approaches (Wykes et al., 1998)
Acute Cardiac Care
Authors: Jennings Kevin
Published: October 2023

Heart attack is the most common cause of death in developed countries, and there is now clear evidence that early and appropriate treatment can significantly reduce this mortality. This practical book provides clear and up-to-date guidance on diagnosis and management and covers both community and hospital care. Early management of acute chest pain and cardiac arrest in the community is discussed and the rationale behind effective community care is presented. The whole area of diagnosis and management are detailed, making this an indispensable summary for all those responsible for the immediate care of heart attack patients.
Dementia in Young Adults
Authors: Panegyres P K
Published: October 2023

Of all the problems facing the clinician none is more challenging than the young person with a dementing illness. This problem confronts us with a sense of helplessness as the implications for patient and family become realized. This chapter deals with the clinical approach and manage- ment of these patients and specifically deals with the genetic, metabolic, and endocrine disorders that present as a dementing illness in young people.
Prognostic Factors In Management Of Invasive Bladder
Authors: Stein John P , Skinner Donald G
Published: October 2023

The optimal management of invasive bladder cancer requires the early detection and accurate assessment of the tumour’s true biological potential. Histological evaluation, including determination of tumour grade and stage, have been and continue to be the primary variables which provide prognostic information and help dictate treatment strategies for patients with bladder cancer. Although these two conventional histopathological variables (grade, stage) provide a certain degree of stratification of a tumour’s biological potential, there remains a significant degree of tumour heterogeneity even within various subgroups. This makes the accurate and reliable prediction of the tumour’s aggressiveness difficult. Furthermore, the ability to predict precisely an individual tumour’s true biological potential would in turn facilitate better treatment selection decisions for patients who may benefit from adjuvant therapy, and also identify patients who may require less aggressive treatment strategies.
The Management Of Superficial Bladder Cancer
Authors: Erps P Van , Denis L J
Published: October 2023

Seventy to 80% of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder have superficial tumours without invasion of the detrusor muscle at initial presentation. The standard primary treatment of superficial bladder cancer is a wide transurethral resection (TUR) of all visible tumours. This surgical therapy has a high success rate in eradicating the existing lesions: the persistence of incompletely resected tumours and regrowth is low. Despite this complete resection, most patients will develop new bladder tumours in remote areas of the bladder. This phenomenon called tumour recurrence is in fact a new occurrence and pre-existing areas of dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (CIS) account for the high frequency of tumour recurrence. The majority of these recurrent tumours are also superficial; however, about 15% of those patients with superficial bladder carcinoma will develop tumour progression with bladder muscle invasion (1). Once the tumour has invaded the detrusor muscle, the prognosis is grim, with a high risk for the development of metastases and death from bladder cancer.
Back and Neck Pain the Facts
Authors: Burn Loïc
Published: October 2023

Recent years have seen a virtual revolution occur in the treatment and management of back pain - a massive problem for so many people world-wide, and one that costs staggering amounts of money in terms of days lost from work and health care treatment. In the USA, The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research published guidelines advocating major new changes in the way back pain was treated. In the UK, The Clinical Standards Advisory Group and the Royal College of Physicians published further guidelines, advocating important new changes of considerable significance to sufferers. Now for the first time, in Back and neck pain: The Facts, these guidelines have been translated for sufferers of back and neck pain. Providing user-friendly and clear advise, this book shows you how to take control of your problem, find relief from your pain, and ensure that you are armed with the facts you need to know about all the possible treatments. Loic Burn is the Medical Advisor to the National Back Pain Association, and a well regarded authority on the subject. He is the author and advisor on several books, and has appeared on national TV and Radio.
Psychiatric disorders
Authors: Gournay Kevin
Published: October 2023

Mental health services had been cited as priorities for action within various policy documents throughout the 1990s. However, when the Blair Government was elected> these services remained in a state of impoverishment, and the staff within them had very poor morale.
Psychosis in dementia
Authors: Ballard Clive , O’Brien John , James Ian , Swann Alan
Published: October 2023

The current chapter covers the definition and measurement of psychotic symptoms in the context of dementia and the impact upon dementia sufferers and their care givers. The frequency, natural course and associations of psychosis are described. A summary of the main points is given at the end of the chapter. The text deals with the occurrence of psychotic symptoms in the common late-onset dementias, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Issues relating to psychosis arising in people with pre-senile dementia, or other specific conditions such as Pick’s disease and Huntington’s chorea are not discussed, largely because there is so little literature covering these areas.
Evidence-based Patient Choice
Authors: Edwards Adrian , Elwyn Glyn
Published: October 2023

This book's focus is on the decisions taken in consultations between health care patients and professionals. Clinician- patient partnerships in health care decisions are increasingly advocated. Evidence- based patient choice describes a model of health care in which the evidence-based approach can integrate with the promotion of consumer choice. The book examines the traditional approach and the changing experience and expectations of consumers. It describes with many clinical examples and patient narratives how to practice evidence-based patient choice, and explores the ethical, sociological and economic issues raised. It also addresses the future modifications to professional training and organisational change which are required if evidence-based patient choice is to become the norm and speculates about what is likely to be achieved in the next few years. The book provides a summary of current perspectives in this area, which will be of interest to consumers, their representative groups, and to professionals in practice and training alike. From the foreword by Richard Grol: 'An enormous challenge lies before us. In this new and challenging field Evidence-based patient choice is manna from heaven. It summarises the current state of knowledge about these new patient involvement approaches. It is by far the most comprehensive account of scientific and ethical thinking about patient choice at this moment. And, it manages to show us the way to a potential future: health care provision where patients and professionals operate as real partners with shared goals...'
Emotional Adjustment to Sport Injury
Authors: Brewer Britton W
Published: October 2023

When athletes sustain injuries, the primary focus of sports medicine practitioners is, understandably, on the physical aspects of treatment and recovery. In addition to the physical consequences of sport injury, the psychological functioning of athletes may also be profoundly affected by injury. In particular, injury may have an impact on the emotional status of athletes. How athletes react emotionally to injury has important implications not only for their subjective we U-being, but also for their rehabilitation behavior and clinical outcome.
Clinical Judgement
Authors: Downie R S , Macnaughton Jane , Randall Fiona
Published: October 2023

There is a widespread view that modern medicine is primarily a scientific enterprise and that the decisions of clinicians follow from evidence-based science. In terms of this view the need for clinical judgement is minimal. The aims of this book are to make a case for the centrality and irreplaceability of clinical judgement, to identify the elements of good clinical judgement, and to suggest how these might be developed by using the humanities in medical undergraduate and postgraduate education. The authors argue that good clinical judgement requires both technical evidence and a humane attitude. But technical evidence is not always quantifiable or even scientific; it can be like that of the detective or the literary scholar. A humane attitude involves ethical sensitivity, but also a broad educated perspective which can be derived from the arts. The authors illustrate their argument by examining decisions made by doctors in clinical situations, in public health, and (in a chapter contributed by a hospital consultant) in resource management. About the authors: Robert S. Downie is Professor of Moral Philosophy at Glasgow University since 1969. He is a member of the BMA Ethics Committee and co-editor of the Journal of Medical Ethics. He has published extensively in the field of medical ethics. Jane MacNaughton has recently taken the position of Director of Centre for Arts, Humanities, Health and Medicine at the University of Durham. Previously she was Clinical Lecturer in General Practice at Glasgow University and a part-time GP.
Distributing health care: Economics and ethical issues
Authors: Dolan Paul , Olsen Jan Abel
Published: October 2023

This is a new health economics textbook with a difference. It is based firmly in the discipline of economics and, as such, it fills a gap in the health economics market. But, unlike other texts in the area, it is very explicit about the distributive implications of economic models and it provides clear rationale for public involvement in the market for health care. It separates the efficiency reasons for public involvement (based on notions of 'market failure') from the equity reasons (based on the views of society that health care should be distributed according to the notion of health needs rather than according to ability to pay). The book illustrates the distributional aspects of money flows in the financing and provision of health care, and discusses who are the gainers and who are the losers under different financing arrangements. A central part of the book contains a discussion of those techniques that are increasingly being used to aid decisions about how to distribute health care. Beyond the parameters included in economic evaluation techniques such as cost- benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis, the book discusses some key ethical issues that are relevant for decision-makers when setting health care priorities.
All in the mind? The history of hysterical conversion as a clinical concept
Authors: Mace Chris
Published: October 2023

‘Hysteria’ became ‘conversion hysteria’ almost a century ago. Despite many changes in nomenclature, the underlying concept has been surprisingly resilient. Any worthwhile history needs to account for this. The present account will do so by considering significant factors within clinical thinking over the last two centuries or so. In an era when social histories are all pervasive, this is an unpopular, even disparaged, approach. Improperly used, it will produce only myopic revisionism - a projection of present prejudice of the kind Butterfield abhorred as the ‘whig interpretation’ of history (Butterfield, 1931). However, it can also stimulate reconstruction of the kind commended by the Oxford historian, R. G. Collingwood. Collingwood (1939) proposed a key test of validity of historical accounts - that they should unearth the (often hidden) questions to which the seeming chaos of actions and artefacts met by the historian represent answers.
Recovering hysteria from history: Herodotus and the first case of ‘shell-shock’
Authors: King Heen
Published: October 2023

Hysteria is a condition for which a very long history has been constructed, going back to the earliest written medical texts from Egyptian and Greek antiquity (e.g. Veith 1965; Merskey 1985; Merskey and Potter 1989).
Imaging hysterical paralysis
Authors: Athwal B S , Halligan P W , Fink G R , Marshall, J C , Frackowiak R S J
Published: October 2023

The concept of a conversion disorder (such as ‘hysterical paralysis’) remains controver- sial, and the classification of hysterical symptoms (for example, in DSM-IV)continues to be the subject of criticism both within and outside clinical psychiatry. The main problem relates to the diagnostic imprecision of the label ‘hysteria’ and the lack of a coherent, theoretically motivated, neuropsychological account concerning the pathophysiology of this disorder.
The instrumentation of delirium
Authors: Robertsson Barbro
Published: October 2023

Systematic observation and recording of behaviour and symptoms are important and necessary both in clinical practice and in research. In clinical practice, assessment instruments facilitate the detection of certain symptoms that may indicate an underlying brain disorder. Such instruments may also generate communicable symptom characterizations that are useful in the diagnostic process, in planning for the care of the patient, in evaluating the effect of interventions, and in education.
Greek Religion
Authors: Parker Robert
Published: October 2023

Greek religion belongs to the class of ancient polytheisms: one can in very general terms compare the religions of Rome, of Egypt, of the ancient Indo-iranians, and most of the religions of the ancient Near East. The gods of such a polytheism have each a defined sphere of influence. The balanced worshipper does not pick and choose between them but pays some respect to them all. To neglect one god (Aphrodite, for instance) is to reject an area of human experience. Individual Greek communities paid special honour to particular gods (put the other way, gods ‘took most delight’ in particular sanctuaries), but not to the exclusion of others. Athena, for instance, was the divine patroness of Athens, and Hera that of Samos; an Athenian decree of 405 BC which celebrates Athenian-Samian co-operation is topped by a relief showing the two goddesses clasping hands; but Hera was also an honoured goddess in Athens, and vice versa.
The Longest War
Authors: Mulholland Marc
Published: October 2023

The Troubles in Northern Ireland have proved one of the most intractable conflicts in Europe since the Second World War, consistently attracting international attention, particularly from the United States. This highly readable exploration of the central issues and debates about Northern Ireland sets them in the historical context of hundreds of years of conflict. It tackles many questions, such as: What accounts for the perpetuation of ethnic and religious conflict in Ireland? Why has armed violence proven so hard to control? Who are the major figures and issues in the conflict? Can we expect more 'Northern Irelands' in the future?
The World Since 1945
Authors: Robbins Keith
Published: October 2023

Keith Robbins’ accessible and stimulating account of world history since 1945 provides a framework for making sense of the political and social developments of the period. The focus is firmly on global political interaction. The underlying theme of the book is the tension between the world conceived as a unity and as a diversity. From this perspective, the author discusses the impulse towards globalization in the aftermath of the Second World War, the divisions inherent in the Cold War, and the shifting allegiances and conflicts in the decades which followed.
Civil Wars, 1922–1923
Authors: Fitzpatrick David
Published: October 2023

Like most political ‘settlements’, partition redirected but failed to resolve the antagonisms that engendered it. The terms of settlement left almost all parties more or less dissatisfied, while encouraging dissident groups to challenge the legitimacy of Irish rather than British authorities. Yet dissent occurs and endures in every society, erupting into violent confrontation only under abnormal conditions. The rational dissentient is unlikely to rebel if alternative mechanisms for political reform are available, or if the wherewithal for effective rebellion is unavailable, or if the repressive power of the state makes rebellion risky enough. An efficiently coercive state may succeed for long periods in averting armed rebellion, even if its antagonists are thoroughly alienated from the political process.
The Industrial Revolution 1760-1830
Authors: Ashton T S
Published: October 2023

The Industrial Revolution has sometimes been regarded as a catastrophe which desecrated the English landscape and brought social opporession and appalling physical hardship to the workers. In this book, however, it is presented as an important and beneficial mark of progress. In spite of destructive wars and a rapid growth of population, the material living standards of most of the British people improved, and the technical innovations not only brought economic rewards but also provoked greater intellectual ingenuity. Innovation is therefore seen by Ashton not just as an economic course but as a social and cultural process influenced by factors such as war and peace and the framework of law and institutions. Lucidly argued and authoritative, this bookplaces the phenomenon of the Industrial Revolution in a stimulating perpsective. A new Preface by Professor Pat Hudson outlines the results of recent research precipitated by Ashton's themes: the true causes of population growth in the eighteenth century, the nature of the supply of capital, and the new approaches to labour studies amongst others. This Preface places The Industrial Revolution in its contemporary context, and a new thoroughly updated bibliography means that fifty years on, Ashton's work can continue to be of value to modern readers.
The Life and Death of Industrial Languedoc, 1700–1920
Authors: Johnson Christopher H
Published: October 2023

In this seminal book, Johnson writes a full-scale study of the rise and decline of industrialization in the Bas-Languedoc region of France. Working within a broad 200-year time frame, Johnson examines the process of how and why a successful industrial region (woollens) transformed itself to agriculture (wine).
Towards a Broadcasting Market: Recommendations of the British Peacock Committee
Authors: Brittan Samuel
Published: October 2023

British broadcasting is provided and financed in a way remarkably different from other goods and services. First, there is no direct payment by consumers. Broadcasting is financed partly by a hypothecated tax on the possession of a television set, known as the licence fee. The proceeds are used to fund BBC radio -which takes just under 30 percent of the proceeds as well as BBC television. The BBC does not take advertising. Independent Television (ITV) is financed, on the other hand, entirely by advertising. In other words it is paid for indirectly by consumers via the prices of goods in the shops.
Epidemiology and Cross National Comparisons
Authors: Helzer John E , Canino glorisa J
Published: October 2023

Comparison of illness rates across national boundaries or cultural groups can lead to a better understanding of risk, protective, and etiological factors involved in specific mental disorders. Conceptually this is relatively straightforward: Prevalence or incidence rates of a particular disorder are compared across groups to look for similarities and differences. Similarities suggest that cultural differences between the groups may have little impact on the occurrence of the illness. Conversely, when cross-cultural differences in illness rates are found, additional differences in social or cultural variables are sought to see if they correlate with the rate differences. Such correlates provide clues for further etiological investigation.
Alcohol Abuse and Dependence in Edmonton, Canada
Authors: Bland Roger c. , Newman, stephen c. , orn helene
Published: October 2023

Alberta, the westernmost of Canada’s three prairie provinces, became a province in 1905. It is bounded on the north by the Northwest Territories, and on the south, at the 49th parallel, by the state of Montana. The province is landlocked, the eastern boundary is with Saskatchewan, and the western with British Columbia, at the Rocky Mountains. The area is 661,185 sq.km., with a north-south dimension of 1221 km. and an east-west dimension of 650 km. In the 1981 national census the population was 2.2 million. Edmonton, the capital city of the province, is situated centrally and has a population of over half a million. Following the Second World War and with the discovery of oil and gas deposits, the provincial economy expanded rapidly, but agriculture is still significant to Alberta. From the early 1970s to 1982, oil and gas developments increased rapidly and there was a 37.5 percent growth in the provincial population from 1971 to 1981. Since 1982, there has been a marked downturn in the economy, particularly the natural resource sector, but also in agriculture, and the unemployment rate has gone from less than 3 percent in the late 1970s to about 12 percent currently.
Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Among American Indians
Authors: Manson Spero m. , Shore james h. , Baron anna e. , ackerson, lynn , neligh gordon
Published: October 2023

Current, community-based epidemiologic studies of alcohol abuse and dependence among American Indians are nonexistent. Indeed, state-of-the-art diagnostic techniques only recently have been applied in this special population (Manson et al., 1987; Walker, Walker, & Kivlahan, 1988; Westermeyer & Neider, 1984, 1985). Reasons for this delay include long-standing concerns about the cultural factors that affect reliable measurement and diagnosis (Levy & Kunitz, 1974; Manson, Walker, & Kivlahan, 1987; Walker & Kivlahan, 1984). Difficulties in sampling and resulting limits to meaningful generalization have also slowed the advance of scientific inquiry. Our work inevitably reflects these circumstances and has addressed itself to the first order problem. Specifically, we are attempting to improve the assessment process by combining local explanatory models for dysfunction with psychiatric diagnostic criteria (Manson & Shore, 1981; Manson, Shore, & Bloom, 1985). The DIS has played a central role in this endeavor.
Comparative Analysis of Alcoholism in Ten Cultural Regions
Authors: Helzer John e. , Canino glorisa j.
Published: October 2023

The advantages for cross-national comparisons of having the same set of diagnostic criteria and the same interview structure are obvious and have been highlighted by the preceeding chapters. It is a premise of this book that the DSM-III criteria are appropriate to the multiple cultural contexts in which we have applied them. In order to draw conclusions from the intercultural similarities and differences these chapters identify, we need assurance that the interview and diagnostic methods used here are appropriate to the task.
The Irreducible Triad of Well-Being
Authors: Cloninger C Robert
Published: October 2023

The DNA code was hailed as the key to the secrets of life when its self-replicating structure was recognized (Watson and Crick 1953). DNA is the pervasive mechanism of heritable long-term memory for the cells of all the domains of life dis covered on earth, even though pathogenic prion proteins are also self-replicating without nucleic acids. Hence, DNA indicates a pervasive unity and order for all known forms of normal life.
The Unexpected Ronald Reagan
Authors: Gaddis John Lewis
Published: October 2023

The task of the historian is, very largely, one of explaining how we got from where we were to where we are today. To say that the Reagan administration’s policy toward the Soviet Union is going to pose special challenges to historians is to understate the matter: rarely has there been a greater gap between the expectations held for an administration at the beginning of its term and the results it actually produced. The last thing one would have anticipated at the time Ronald Reagan took office in 1981 was that he would use his eight years in the White House to bring about the most significant improvement in Soviet-American relations since the end of World War II. I am not at all sure that President Reagan himself foresaw this result. And yet, that is precisely what happened, with-admittedly-a good deal of help from Mikhail Gorbachev. The question of how this happened and to what extent it was the product of accident or of conscious design is going to preoccupy scholars for years to come. The observations that follow are a rough first attempt to grapple with that question. Because we lack access to the archives or even to very much memoir material as yet, what I will have to say is of necessity preliminary, incomplete, and almost certainly in several places dead wrong. Those are the hazards of working with contemporary history, though; if historians are not willing to run these risks, political scientists and journalists surely will. That prospect in itself provides ample justification for plunging ahead.
Dance Anecdotes
Authors: Aloff Mindy
Published: October 2023

Mindy Aloff, a leading dance critic who has written for The Nation, The New Republic, and The New Yorker, has brought together here a marvelous book of stories by and about dancers--entertaining and informative anecdotes that capture the boundless variety and richness of dance as an art, a tradition, a profession, a pastime, an obsession, a reality, and, for the dancer, an ideal. George Balanchine is here, and so are Fred Astaire, Margot Fonteyn, Rudolf Nureyev, Savion Glover, Martha Graham, and Lola Montez, and also stars from other arts--such as Akira Kurosawa and Bob Dylan--who have spoken about dancing with wit or illumination. There are stories about Irene and Vernon Castle, Cyd Charisse and Gene Kelly, Bob Fosse and Gwen Verdon, Paul Taylor and Mark Morris. We read about the charisma and spontaneity of Anna Pavlova, about the secret to Vaslav Nijinsky’ s success ("I worked like an ox and I lived like a martyr"), about George Balanchine racing to a union dispute with a bag of dimes. Many of the stories are amusing, but some are rueful, even sad, and a few are dark. Aloff concludes the volume with an essay about how dancing has been able to record its past, sometimes over centuries, and about how the art of the dancer, apparently as ephemeral in performance as cloud patterns, turns out, when conditions are hospitable, to be much more hardy and resilient than many people suppose. A glorious promenade of stories that stretch as far back as classical times and as far afield as Japan, India, and Java, this superb collection will be treasured by everyone who loves dance, whether young or old.
Perennial Renaissance: The Marketing Challenge in High Tech Settings
Authors: Kosnik Thomas J
Published: October 2023

In the last decade, interest in high tech marketing has skyrocketed. Books by Regis McKenna (1985), a prominent Silicon Valley consultant, and William Davidow (1986), an Intel Executive turned venture capitalist, have met a receptive audience among business practitioners who believe that marketing in high technology settings is fundamentally different from traditional marketing. A textbook by Shanklin and Ryans (1984) has been used in university courses by students searching for the elusive formula for success in high tech marketing. The business press has made folk heroes out of high tech entrepreneurs like Steve Jobs, founder of Apple Computer and Next, Inc.; Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft; and Ken Olsen, founder of Digital Equipment Corporation. High tech has become synonymous with high excitement.
Fanny Brice
Authors: Goldman Herbert G
Published: October 2023

An all-round entertainer of matchless ability and versatility, Fanny Brice was one of the great names of American musical theatre either side of the First World War. However, apart from the distorting biopics Funny Girl and Funny Lady, starring Barbra Streisand, little has been written about her dazzling career or complex private life. In this first biography of a beloved star of burlesque, vaudeville, and radio, Herbert Goldman reveals a strong woman who was equally adept at comedy, farce, and drama, and whose torch songs were the highlight of innumerable Ziegfeld Follies. He also examines the influence of her Jewish background on her work, and her troubled marriages to Nick Arnstein, the gangster who rigged baseball’s World Series in 1919, and impresario Billy Rose.
Vascular Smooth Muscle and Its Regulation
Authors: Milnor William R
Published: October 2023

Smooth muscle is the mechanically active tissue in blood vessels, the effector of control in the vascular tree. All blood vessels except capillaries contain smooth muscle cells, and their contraction or relaxation changes the distensibility of the vascular wall. Vasoconstriction and vasodilatation are consequently brought about by the activity of vascular smooth muscle. Although nerve signals are an important element in controlling this muscle, z.4o a variety of blood-borne or locally produced substances also act directly on vascular smooth muscle cells.
John Marshall Harlan
Authors: Yarbrough Tinsley E
Published: October 2023

John Marshall Harlan served on the Supreme Court from 1955 until his retirement and death in 1971. An articulate and forceful critic of the expansive civil liberties doctrines and constitutional trends of the period, Harlan is considered one of the most scholarly jurists ever to have served on the Supreme Court. This is the first book-length biography and analysis of his judicial and constitutional philosophy.
The Impact of Judicial Intervention on Prisons and Jails: A Framework for Analysis and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Feeley Malcolm M , Hanson Roger A
Published: October 2023

During the past thirty years the federal courts have become one of the principal agents of change in the nation’s prisons and jails. In the 1960s federal courts used the First Amendment’s protections of free expression and the Fifth and Fourteenth amendments’ due process clauses to protect prisoners’ religious observances and access to communication and to impose orderly procedures on disciplinary hearings and classification systems.
Threshold of War
Authors: Heinrichs Waldo
Published: October 2023

For Franklin D. Roosevelt, the spring of 1941 was a time of uncertainty and fear. Hitler’s armies were poised to strike, but no one was sure where the next attack would come, and Churchill and members of Roosevelt’s administration were urging him to intervene before it was too late. In this illuminating and comprehensive account of the American entry into World War II, Waldo Heinrichs shows that Roosevelt was not the vacillating, impulsive, and disorganized leader as he is often portrayed, but a cautious, rational man, capable of acting with great determination. A masterly account of a key moment in history, Threshold of War is both a distinguished work of scholarship and a moving narrative that captures the tension as Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin, Stimson, Hull, and numerous others struggled to shape American policy in the climactic months before Pearl Harbour.