bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pyogenic Hepatic Abscess – Less is More A Review for General Internists
Authors: Biskup Ewelina , Yang Xiao-Yu
Published: September 2015

Eitrige Leberabszesse – weniger ist mehr: Review für Internisten

Zusammenfassung. Eitrige Leberabszesse (PHAa) sind selten, aber fatal, wenn unbehandelt. Fortschritte in der diagnostischen und interventionellen Radiologie haben das Management der PHAs erleichtert. Dennoch sind Abszesse im Lobus caudatus eine Herausforderung, vor allem für die allgemeine Internisten, die zum Übertherapieren neigen. Literatur über diese spezifische Form der Leberabszesse ist insuffizient. Der Zweck dieses Artikels ist es, einen Überblick über die vorhandene Datenlage zu PHAs im Allgemeinen und insbesondere im Lobus caudatus zu verschaffen, sowie die Aufmerksamkeit der allgemeinen Internisten auf diese wichtige Differenzialdiagnose zu richten und die Therapiewahl zu erleichtern. Wir betonen, dass eine Position im Sinne des «Weniger ist mehr»-Konzeptes für die Qualität der PHA-Therapie empfehlenswert ist.
Charles A. Barth, 1930–2014
Authors: Baker Daniel , Woods Thomas
Published: September 2015

Long-time director of the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics conducted pioneering studies of the atmospheres of Earth and other planets using ultraviolet spectroscopy.
Structural basis of glycan specificity in neonate-specific bovine-human reassortant rotavirus
Authors: Hu Liya , Ramani Sasirekha , Czako Rita , Sankaran Banumathi , Yu Ying , Smith David F. , Cummings Richard D. , Estes Mary K. , Venkataram Prasad B. V.
Published: September 2015

Strain-dependent variation of glycan recognition during initial cell attachment of viruses is a critical determinant of host specificity, tissue-tropism and zoonosis. Rotaviruses (RVs), which cause life-threatening gastroenteritis in infants and children, display significant genotype-dependent variations in glycan recognition resulting from sequence alterations in the VP8* domain of the spike protein VP4. The structural basis of this genotype-dependent glycan specificity, particularly in human RVs, remains poorly understood. Here, from crystallographic studies, we show how genotypic variations configure a novel binding site in the VP8* of a neonate-specific bovine-human reassortant to uniquely recognize either type I or type II precursor glycans, and to restrict type II glycan binding in the bovine counterpart. Such a distinct glycan-binding site that allows differential recognition of the precursor glycans, which are developmentally regulated in the neonate gut and abundant in bovine and human milk provides a basis for age-restricted tropism and zoonotic transmission of G10P[11] rotaviruses.
Interplay between arginine methylation and ubiquitylation regulates KLF4-mediated genome stability and carcinogenesis
Authors: Hu Dong , Gur Mert , Zhou Zhuan , Gamper Armin , Hung Mien-Chie , Fujita Naoya , Lan Li , Bahar Ivet , Wan Yong
Published: September 2015

KLF4 is an important regulator of cell-fate decision, including DNA damage response and apoptosis. We identify a novel interplay between protein modifications in regulating KLF4 function. Here we show that arginine methylation of KLF4 by PRMT5 inhibits KLF4 ubiquitylation by VHL and thereby reduces KLF4 turnover, resulting in the elevation of KLF4 protein levels concomitant with increased transcription of KLF4-dependent p21 and reduced expression of KLF4-repressed Bax. Structure-based modelling and simulations provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of KLF4 recognition and catalysis by PRMT5. Following genotoxic stress, disruption of PRMT5-mediated KLF4 methylation leads to abrogation of KLF4 accumulation, which, in turn, attenuates cell cycle arrest. Mutating KLF4 methylation sites suppresses breast tumour initiation and progression, and immunohistochemical stain shows increased levels of both KLF4 and PRMT5 in breast cancer tissues. Taken together, our results point to a critical role for aberrant KLF4 regulation by PRMT5 in genome stability and breast carcinogenesis.
Cognitive tutoring induces widespread neuroplasticity and remediates brain function in children with mathematical learning disabilities
Authors: Iuculano Teresa , Rosenberg-Lee Miriam , Richardson Jennifer , Tenison Caitlin , Fuchs Lynn , Supekar Kaustubh , Menon Vinod
Published: September 2015

Competency with numbers is essential in today’s society; yet, up to 20% of children exhibit moderate to severe mathematical learning disabilities (MLD). Behavioural intervention can be effective, but the neurobiological mechanisms underlying successful intervention are unknown. Here we demonstrate that eight weeks of 1:1 cognitive tutoring not only remediates poor performance in children with MLD, but also induces widespread changes in brain activity. Neuroplasticity manifests as normalization of aberrant functional responses in a distributed network of parietal, prefrontal and ventral temporal–occipital areas that support successful numerical problem solving, and is correlated with performance gains. Remarkably, machine learning algorithms show that brain activity patterns in children with MLD are significantly discriminable from neurotypical peers before, but not after, tutoring, suggesting that behavioural gains are not due to compensatory mechanisms. Our study identifies functional brain mechanisms underlying effective intervention in children with MLD and provides novel metrics for assessing response to intervention.
BAP1 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by deubiquitinating KLF5
Authors: Qin Junying , Zhou Zhongmei , Chen Wenlin , Wang Chunyan , Zhang Hailin , Ge Guangzhe , Shao Ming , You Dingyun , Fan Zhixiang , Xia Houjun , Liu Rong , Chen Ceshi
Published: September 2015

The transcription factor KLF5 is highly expressed in basal-like breast cancer and promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, survival, migration and tumour growth. Here we show that, in breast cancer cells, KLF5 is stabilized by the deubiquitinase (DUB) BAP1. With a genome-wide siRNA library screen of DUBs, we identify BAP1 as a bona fide KLF5 DUB. BAP1 interacts directly with KLF5 and stabilizes KLF5 via deubiquitination. KLF5 is in the BAP1/HCF-1 complex, and this newly identified complex promotes cell cycle progression partially by inhibitingp27gene expression. Furthermore, BAP1 knockdown inhibits tumorigenicity and lung metastasis, which can be rescued partially by ectopic expression of KLF5. Collectively, our findings not only identify BAP1 as the DUB for KLF5, but also reveal a critical mechanism that regulates KLF5 expression in breast cancer. Our findings indicate that BAP1 could be a potential therapeutic target for breast and other cancers.
A RIAM/lamellipodin–talin–integrin complex forms the tip of sticky fingers that guide cell migration
Authors: Lagarrigue Frederic , Vikas Anekal Praju , Lee Ho-Sup , Bachir Alexia I. , Ablack Jailal N. , Horwitz Alan F. , Ginsberg Mark H.
Published: September 2015

The leading edge of migrating cells contains rapidly translocating activated integrins associated with growing actin filaments that form ‘sticky fingers’ to sense extracellular matrix and guide cell migration. Here we utilized indirect bimolecular fluorescence complementation to visualize a molecular complex containing a Mig-10/RIAM/lamellipodin (MRL) protein (Rap1-GTP-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM) or lamellipodin), talin and activated integrins in living cells. This complex localizes at the tips of growing actin filaments in lamellipodial and filopodial protrusions, thus corresponding to the tips of the ‘sticky fingers.’ Formation of the complex requires talin to form a bridge between the MRL protein and the integrins. Moreover, disruption of the MRL protein–integrin–talin (MIT) complex markedly impairs cell protrusion. These data reveal the molecular basis of the formation of ‘sticky fingers’ at the leading edge of migrating cells and show that an MIT complex drives these protrusions.
A tunable azine covalent organic framework platform for visible light-induced hydrogen generation
Authors: Vyas Vijay S. , Haase Frederik , Stegbauer Linus , Savasci Gökcen , Podjaski Filip , Ochsenfeld Christian , Lotsch Bettina V.
Published: September 2015

Hydrogen evolution from photocatalytic reduction of water holds promise as a sustainable source of carbon-free energy. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) present an interesting new class of photoactive materials, which combine three key features relevant to the photocatalytic process, namely crystallinity, porosity and tunability. Here we synthesize a series of water- and photostable 2D azine-linked COFs from hydrazine and triphenylarene aldehydes with varying number of nitrogen atoms. The electronic and steric variations in the precursors are transferred to the resulting frameworks, thus leading to a progressively enhanced light-induced hydrogen evolution with increasing nitrogen content in the frameworks. Our results demonstrate that by the rational design of COFs on a molecular level, it is possible to precisely adjust their structural and optoelectronic properties, thus resulting in enhanced photocatalytic activities. This is expected to spur further interest in these photofunctional frameworks where rational supramolecular engineering may lead to new material applications.
Bio-inspired electron-delivering system for reductive activation of dioxygen at metal centres towards artificial flavoenzymes
Authors: Roux Yoann , Ricoux Rémy , Avenier Frédéric , Mahy Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2015

Development of artificial systems, capable of delivering electrons to metal-based catalysts for the reductive activation of dioxygen, has been proven very difficult for decades, constituting a major scientific lock for the elaboration of environmentally friendly oxidation processes. Here we demonstrate that the incorporation of a flavin mononucleotide (FMN) in a water-soluble polymer, bearing a locally hydrophobic microenvironment, allows the efficient reduction of the FMN by NADH. This supramolecular entity is then capable of catalysing a very fast single-electron reduction of manganese(III) porphyrin by splitting the electron pair issued from NADH. This is fully reminiscent of the activity of natural reductases such as the cytochrome P450 reductases with kinetic parameters, which are three orders of magnitude faster compared with other artificial systems. Finally, we show as a proof of concept that the reduced manganese porphyrin activates dioxygen and catalyses the oxidation of organic substrates in water.
Ultralow-threshold multiphoton-pumped lasing from colloidal nanoplatelets in solution
Authors: Li Mingjie , Zhi Min , Zhu Hai , Wu Wen-Ya , Xu Qing-Hua , Jhon Mark Hyunpong , Chan Yinthai
Published: September 2015

Although multiphoton-pumped lasing from a solution of chromophores is important in the emerging fields of nonlinear optofluidics and bio-photonics, conventionally used organic dyes are often rendered unsuitable because of relatively small multiphoton absorption cross-sections and low photostability. Here, we demonstrate highly photostable, ultralow-threshold multiphoton-pumped biexcitonic lasing from a solution of colloidal CdSe/CdS nanoplatelets within a cuvette-based Fabry–Pérot optical resonator. We find that colloidal nanoplatelets surprisingly exhibit an optimal lateral size that minimizes lasing threshold. These nanoplatelets possess very large gain cross-sections of 7.3 × 10−14 cm2 and ultralow lasing thresholds of 1.2 and 4.3 mJ cm−2 under two-photon (λexc=800 nm) and three-photon (λexc=1.3 μm) excitation, respectively. The highly polarized emission from the nanoplatelet laser shows no significant photodegradation over 107 laser shots. These findings constitute a more comprehensive understanding of the utility of colloidal semiconductor nanoparticles as the gain medium in high-performance frequency-upconversion liquid lasers.
Gossypium barbadense genome sequence provides insight into the evolution of extra-long staple fiber and specialized metabolites
Authors: Liu Xia , Zhao Bo , Zheng Hua-Jun , Hu Yan , Lu Gang , Yang Chang-Qing , Chen Jie-Dan , Chen Jun-Jian , Chen Dian-Yang , Zhang Liang , Zhou Yan , Wang Ling-Jian , Guo Wang-Zhen , Bai Yu-Lin , Ruan Ju-Xin , Shangguan Xiao-Xia , Mao Ying-Bo , Shan Chun-Min , Jiang Jian-Ping , Zhu Yong-Qiang , Jin Lei , Kang Hui , Chen Shu-Ting , He Xu-Lin , Wang Rui , Wang Yue-Zhu , Chen Jie , Wang Li-Jun , Yu Shu-Ting , Wang Bi-Yun , Wei Jia , Song Si-Chao , Lu Xin-Yan , Gao Zheng-Chao , Gu Wen-Yi , Deng Xiao , Ma Dan , Wang Sen , Liang Wen-Hua , Fang Lei , Cai Cai-Ping , Zhu Xie-Fei , Zhou Bao-Liang , Jeffrey Chen Z. , Xu Shu-Hua , Zhang Yu-Gao , Wang Sheng-Yue , Zhang Tian-Zhen , Zhao Guo-Ping , Chen Xiao-Ya
Published: September 2015

Of the two cultivated species of allopolyploid cotton,Gossypium barbadenseproduces extra-long fibers for the production of superior textiles. We sequenced its genome (AD)2and performed a comparative analysis. We identified three bursts of retrotransposons from 20 million years ago (Mya) and a genome-wide uneven pseudogenization peak at 11–20 Mya, which likely contributed to genomic divergences. Among the 2,483 genes preferentially expressed in fiber, a cell elongation regulator,PRE1, is strikingly Atbiased and fiber specific, echoing the A-genome origin of spinnable fiber. The expansion of the PRE members implies a genetic factor that underlies fiber elongation. Mature cotton fiber consists of nearly pure cellulose.G. barbadenseandG. hirsutumcontain 29 and 30 cellulose synthase (CesA) genes, respectively; whereas most of these genes (>25) are expressed in fiber, genes for secondary cell wall biosynthesis exhibited a delayed and higher degree of up-regulation inG. barbadensecompared withG. hirsutum, conferring an extended elongation stage and highly active secondary wall deposition during extra-long fiber development. The rapid diversification of sesquiterpene synthase genes in the gossypol pathway exemplifies the chemical diversity of lineage-specific secondary metabolites. TheG. barbadensegenome advances our understanding of allopolyploidy, which will help improve cotton fiber quality.
Amygdala and cingulate structure is associated with stereotype on sex-role
Authors: Takeuchi Hikaru , Taki Yasuyuki , Sekiguchi Atsushi , Nouchi Rui , Kotozaki Yuka , Nakagawa Seishu , Miyauchi Carlos Makoto , Iizuka Kunio , Yokoyama Ryoichi , Shinada Takamitsu , Yamamoto Yuki , Hanawa Sugiko , Araki Tsuyoshi , Hashizume Hiroshi , Kunitoki Keiko , Sassa Yuko , Kawashima Ryuta
Published: September 2015

Sex-role egalitarianism (SRE) is the belief that the sex of an individual should not influence the perception of his or her rights, abilities, obligations and opportunities. Thus, low SRE reflects a more conservative stereotypical view on sex-role. Here we investigated anatomical correlates of individual differences in SRE in the present study. We used voxel-based morphometry, a questionnaire to determine an individual’s SRE and associated psychological measures and determined the association of SRE with gray matter structures and their cognitive nature in healthy individuals (375 men and 306 women; age, 20.6 ± 1.8 years). We demonstrated that higher SRE was associated with smaller regional gray matter density (rGMD) in the anterior part of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and higher rGMD in the right amygdala. Post-hoc analyses revealed psychological measures characterized by contentious interpersonal orientations, such as contentious achievement motivation, were associated with lower SRE and higher rGMD in the anterior part of PCC. Depressive tendencies were associated with lower SRE and higher rGMD in the right amygdala. These findings suggest that variations in stereotype on sex role have roots in the limbic brain structures linked to contentious interpersonal orientation (cingulate) and negative mood (amygdala).
Seed priming with polyethylene glycol regulating the physiological and molecular mechanism in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under nano-ZnO stress
Authors: Salah Sheteiwy Mohamed , Yajing Guan , Dongdong Cao , Jie Li , Aamir Nawaz , Qijuan Hu , Weimin Hu , Mingyu Ning , Jin Hu
Published: September 2015

The present study was designed to highlight the impact of seed priming with polyethylene glycol on physiological and molecular mechanism of two cultivars of Oryza sativa L. under different levels of zinc oxide nanorods (0, 250, 500 and 750 mg L−1). Plant growth parameters were significantly increased in seed priming with 30% PEG under nano-ZnO stress in both cultivars. Whereas, this increase was more prominent in cultivar Qian You No. 1 as compared to cultivar Zhu Liang You 06. Significant increase in photosynthetic pigment with PEG priming under stress. Antioxidant enzymes activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly reduced with PEG priming under nano-ZnO stress. Gene expression analysis also suggested that expression of APXa, APXb, CATa, CATb, CATc, SOD1, SOD2 and SOD3 genes were down regulated with PEG priming as compared to non-primed seeds under stress. The ultrastructural analysis showed that leaf mesophyll and root cells were significantly damaged under nano-ZnO stress in both cultivars but the damage was prominent in Zhu Liang You 06. However, seed priming with PEG significantly alleviate the toxic effects of nano-ZnO stress and improved the cell structures of leaf and roots in both cultivars.
Transcriptome analysis of hormone-induced gene expression in Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Kakei Yusuke , Mochida Keiichi , Sakurai Tetsuya , Yoshida Takuhiro , Shinozaki Kazuo , Shimada Yukihisa
Published: September 2015

Brachypodium distachyonis a new model plant closely related to wheat and other cereals. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of hormone-regulated genes inBrachypodium distachyonusing RNA sequencing technology.Brachypodium distachyonseedlings were treated with eight phytohormones (auxin, cytokinine, brassinosteroid, gibberelline, abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonate and salicylic acid) and two inhibitors, Brz220 (brassinosteroid biosynthesis inhibitor) and prohexadione (gibberelline biosynthesis inhibitor). The expressions of 1807 genes were regulated in a phytohormone-dependent manner. We compared the data with the phytohormone responses that have reported in rice. Transcriptional responses to hormones are conserved betweenBracypodiumand rice. Transcriptional regulation by brassinosteroid, gibberellin and ethylene was relatively weaker than those by other hormones. This is consistent with the data obtained from comprehensive analysis of hormone responses reported inArabidopsis.BrachypodiumandArabidopsisalso shared some common transcriptional responses to phytohormones. Alternatively, unique transcriptional responses to phytohormones were observed inBrachypodium. For example, the expressions of ACC synthase genes were up-regulated by auxin treatment in rice andArabidopsis, but no orthologous ACC synthase gene was up-regulated inBrachypodium. Our results provide information useful to understand the diversity and similarity of hormone-regulated transcriptional responses between eudicots and monocots.
Dynamic scaling for the growth of non-equilibrium fluctuations during thermophoretic diffusion in microgravity
Authors: Cerbino Roberto , Sun Yifei , Donev Aleksandar , Vailati Alberto
Published: September 2015

Diffusion processes are widespread in biological and chemical systems, where they play a fundamental role in the exchange of substances at the cellular level and in determining the rate of chemical reactions. Recently, the classical picture that portrays diffusion as random uncorrelated motion of molecules has been revised, when it was shown that giant non-equilibrium fluctuations develop during diffusion processes. Under microgravity conditions and at steady-state, non-equilibrium fluctuations exhibit scale invariance and their size is only limited by the boundaries of the system. In this work, we investigate the onset of non-equilibrium concentration fluctuations induced by thermophoretic diffusion in microgravity, a regime not accessible to analytical calculations but of great relevance for the understanding of several natural and technological processes. A combination of state of the art simulations and experiments allows us to attain a fully quantitative description of the development of fluctuations during transient diffusion in microgravity. Both experiments and simulations show that during the onset the fluctuations exhibit scale invariance at large wave vectors. In a broader range of wave vectors simulations predict a spinodal-like growth of fluctuations, where the amplitude and length-scale of the dominant mode are determined by the thickness of the diffuse layer.
Protocatechuic acid ameliorates neurocognitive functions impairment induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia
Authors: Yin Xue , Zhang Xiuli , Lv Changjun , Li Chunli , Yu Yan , Wang Xiaozhi , Han Fang
Published: September 2015

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a serious consequence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and has deleterious effects on central neurons and neurocognitive functions. This study examined if protocatechuic acid (PCA) could improve learning and memory functions of rats exposed to CIH conditions and explore potential mechanisms. Neurocognitive functions were evaluated in male SD rats by step-through passive avoidance test and Morris water maze assay following exposure to CIH or room air conditions. Ultrastructure changes were investigated with transmission electron microscopy and neuron apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL assays. Ultrastructure changes were investigated with transmission electron microscope and neuron apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL assays. The effects of PCA on oxidative stress, apoptosis and brain IL-1β levels were investigated. Expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Cleaved Caspase-3, c-fos, SYN, BDNF and pro-BDNF were also studied along with JNK, P38 and ERK phosphorylation to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of PCA action. PCA was seen to enhance learning and memory ability and alleviate oxidative stress, apoptosis and glial proliferation following CIH exposure in rats. In addition, PCA administration also decreased the level of IL-1β in brain and increased the expression of BDNF and SYN. We conclude that PCA administration will ameliorate CIH-induced cognitive dysfunctions.
ZnO@SnO2 engineered composite photoanodes for dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Milan R. , Selopal G. S. , Epifani M. , Natile M. M. , Sberveglieri G. , Vomiero A. , Concina I.
Published: September 2015

Layered multi-oxide concept was applied for fabrication of photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells based on ZnO and SnO2, capitalizing on the beneficial properties of each oxide. The effect of different combinations of ZnO@SnO2 layers was investigated, aimed at exploiting the high carrier mobility provided by the ZnO and the higher stability under UV irradiation pledged by SnO2. Bi-oxide photoanodes performed much better in terms of photoconversion efficiency (PCE) (4.96%) compared to bare SnO2 (1.20%) and ZnO (1.03%). Synergistic cooperation is effective for both open circuit voltage and photocurrent density: enhanced values were indeed recorded for the layered photoanode as compared with bare oxides (Voc enhanced from 0.39 V in case of bare SnO2 to 0.60 V and Jsc improved from 2.58 mA/cm2 pertaining to single ZnO to 14.8 mA/cm2). Improved functional performances of the layered network were ascribable to the optimization of both high chemical capacitance (provided by the SnO2) and low recombination resistance (guaranteed by ZnO) and inhibition of back electron transfer from the SnO2 conduction band to the oxidized species of the electrolyte. Compared with previously reported results, this study testifies how a simple electrode design is powerful in enhancing the functional performances of the final device.
Mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter, PfCRT, enlarge the parasite’s food vacuole and alter drug sensitivities
Authors: Pulcini Serena , Staines Henry M. , Lee Andrew H. , Shafik Sarah H. , Bouyer Guillaume , Moore Catherine M. , Daley Daniel A. , Hoke Matthew J. , Altenhofen Lindsey M. , Painter Heather J. , Mu Jianbing , Ferguson David J. P. , Llinás Manuel , Martin Rowena E. , Fidock David A. , Cooper Roland A. , Krishna Sanjeev
Published: September 2015

Mutations in thePlasmodium falciparumchloroquine resistance transporter, PfCRT, are the major determinant of chloroquine resistance in this lethal human malaria parasite. Here, we describeP. falciparumlines subjected to selection by amantadine or blasticidin that carry PfCRT mutations (C101F or L272F), causing the development of enlarged food vacuoles. These parasites also have increased sensitivity to chloroquine and some other quinoline antimalarials, but exhibit no or minimal change in sensitivity to artemisinins, when compared with parental strains. A transgenic parasite line expressing the L272F variant of PfCRT confirmed this increased chloroquine sensitivity and enlarged food vacuole phenotype. Furthermore, the introduction of the C101F or L272F mutation into a chloroquine-resistant variant of PfCRT reduced the ability of this protein to transport chloroquine by approximately 93 and 82%, respectively, when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. These data provide, at least in part, a mechanistic explanation for the increased sensitivity of the mutant parasite lines to chloroquine. Taken together, these findings provide new insights into PfCRT function and PfCRT-mediated drug resistance, as well as the food vacuole, which is an important target of many antimalarial drugs.
Flexible nanoporous tunable electrical double layer biosensors for sweat diagnostics
Authors: Munje Rujuta D. , Muthukumar Sriram , Panneer Selvam Anjan , Prasad Shalini
Published: September 2015

An ultra-sensitive and highly specific electrical double layer (EDL) modulated biosensor, using nanoporous flexible substrates for wearable diagnostics is demonstrated with the detection of the stress biomarker cortisol in synthetic and human sweat. Zinc oxide thin film was used as active region in contact with the liquid i.e. synthetic and human sweat containing the biomolecules. Cortisol detection in sweat was accomplished by measuring and quantifying impedance changes due to modulation of the double layer capacitance within the electrical double layer through the application of a low orthogonally directed alternating current (AC) electric field. The EDL formed at the liquid-semiconductor interface was amplified in the presence of the nanoporous flexible substrate allowing for measuring the changes in the alternating current impedance signal due to the antibody-hormone interactions at diagnostically relevant concentrations. High sensitivity of detection of 1 pg/mL or 2.75 pmol cortisol in synthetic sweat and 1 ng/mL in human sweat is demonstrated with these novel biosensors. Specificity in synthetic sweat was demonstrated using a cytokine IL-1β. Cortisol detection in human sweat was demonstrated over a concentration range from 10–200 ng/mL.
Doxorubicin-poly (ethylene glycol)-alendronate self-assembled micelles for targeted therapy of bone metastatic cancer
Authors: Ye Wei-liang , Zhao Yi-pu , Li Huai-qiu , Na Ren , Li Fei , Mei Qi-bing , Zhao Ming-gao , Zhou Si-yuan
Published: September 2015

In order to increase the therapeutic effect of doxorubicin (DOX) on bone metastases, a multifunctional micelle was developed by combining pH-sensitive characteristics with bone active targeting capacity. The DOX loaded micelle was self-assembled by using doxorubicin-poly (ethylene glycol)-alendronate (DOX-hyd-PEG-ALN) as an amphiphilic material. The size and drug loading of DOX loaded DOX-hyd-PEG-ALN micelle was 114 nm and 24.3%. In pH 5.0 phosphate buffer solution (PBS), the micelle released DOX significantly faster than in pH 7.4 PBS. In addition, with the increase of incubation time, more red DOX fluorescence was observed in tumor cells and trafficked from cytoplasm to nucleus. The IC50 of DOX loaded DOX-hyd-PEG-ALN micelle on A549 cells was obviously lower than that of free DOX in 48 h. Furthermore, the in vivo image experimental results indicated that a larger amount of DOX was accumulated in the bone metastatic tumor tissue after DOX loaded DOX-hyd-PEG-ALN micelle was intravenously administered, which was confirmed by histological analysis. Finally, DOX loaded DOX-hyd-PEG-ALN micelle effectively delayed the tumor growth, decreased the bone loss and reduced the cardiac toxicity in tumor-bearing nude mice as compared with free DOX. In conclusion, DOX loaded DOX-hyd-PEG-ALN micelle had potential in treating bone metastatic tumor.
Inhibition of Beta-Amyloid Fibrillation by Luminescent Iridium(III) Complex Probes
Authors: Lu Lihua , Zhong Hai-Jing , Wang Modi , Ho See-Lok , Li Hung-Wing , Leung Chung-Hang , Ma Dik-Lung
Published: September 2015

We report herein the application of kinetically inert luminescent iridium(III) complexes as dual inhibitors and probes of beta-amyloid fibrillogenesis. These iridium(III) complexes inhibited Aβ1–40 peptide aggregation in vitro and protected against Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cells. Furthermore, the complexes differentiated between the aggregated and unaggregated forms of Aβ1–40 peptide on the basis of their emission response.
Robustness of cell cycle control and flexible orders of signaling events
Authors: Zhu Hao , Mao Yanlan
Published: September 2015

The highly robust control of cell cycles in eukaryotes enables cells to undergo strictly ordered G1/S/G2/M phases and respond adaptively to regulatory signals; however the nature of the robustness remains obscure. Specifically, it is unclear whether events of signaling should be strictly ordered and whether some events are more robust than others. To quantitatively address the two questions, we have developed a novel cell cycle model upon experimental observations. It contains positive and negative E2F proteins and two Cdk inhibitors and is parameterized, for the first time, to generate not only oscillating protein concentrations but also periodic signaling events. Events and their orders reconstructed under varied conditions indicate that proteolysis of cyclins and Cdk complexes by APC and Skp2 occurs highly robustly in a strict order, but many other events are either dispensable or can occur in flexible orders. These results suggest that strictly ordered proteolytic events are essential for irreversible cell cycle progression and the robustness of cell cycles copes with flexible orders of signaling events and unveil a new and important dimension to the robustness of cell cycle control in particular and to biological signaling in general.
Proposal for a Domain Wall Nano-Oscillator driven by Non-uniform Spin Currents
Authors: Sharma Sanchar , Muralidharan Bhaskaran , Tulapurkar Ashwin
Published: September 2015

We propose a new mechanism and a related device concept for a robust, magnetic field tunable radio-frequency (rf) oscillator using the self oscillation of a magnetic domain wall subject to a uniform static magnetic field and a spatially non-uniform vertical dc spin current. The self oscillation of the domain wall is created as it translates periodically between two unstable positions, one being in the region where both the dc spin current and the magnetic field are present and the other, being where only the magnetic field is present. The vertical dc spin current pushes it away from one unstable position while the magnetic field pushes it away from the other. We show that such oscillations are stable under noise and can exhibit a quality factor of over 1000. A domain wall under dynamic translation, not only being a source for rich physics, is also a promising candidate for advancements in nanoelectronics with the actively researched racetrack memory architecture, digital and analog switching paradigms as candidate examples. Devising a stable rf oscillator using a domain wall is hence another step towards the realization of an all domain wall logic scheme.
Mode-resolved frequency comb interferometry for high-accuracy long distance measurement
Authors: van den Berg Steven. A. , van Eldik Sjoerd , Bhattacharya Nandini
Published: September 2015

Optical frequency combs have developed into powerful tools for distance metrology. In this paper we demonstrate absolute long distance measurement using a single femtosecond frequency comb laser as a multi-wavelength source. By applying a high-resolution spectrometer based on a virtually imaged phased array, the frequency comb modes are resolved spectrally to the level of an individual mode. Having the frequency comb stabilized against an atomic clock, thousands of accurately known wavelengths are available for interferometry. From the spectrally resolved output of a Michelson interferometer a distance is derived. The presented measurement method combines spectral interferometry, white light interferometry and multi-wavelength interferometry in a single scheme. Comparison with a fringe counting laser interferometer shows an agreement within <10−8 for a distance of 50 m.
Logical error rate in the Pauli twirling approximation
Authors: Katabarwa Amara , Geller Michael R.
Published: September 2015

The performance of error correction protocols are necessary for understanding the operation of potential quantum computers, but this requires physical error models that can be simulated efficiently with classical computers. The Gottesmann-Knill theorem guarantees a class of such error models. Of these, one of the simplest is the Pauli twirling approximation (PTA), which is obtained by twirling an arbitrary completely positive error channel over the Pauli basis, resulting in a Pauli channel. In this work, we test the PTA’s accuracy at predicting the logical error rate by simulating the 5-qubit code using a 9-qubit circuit with realistic decoherence and unitary gate errors. We find evidence for good agreement with exact simulation, with the PTA overestimating the logical error rate by a factor of 2 to 3. Our results suggest that the PTA is a reliable predictor of the logical error rate, at least for low-distance codes.
Phase diagrams of dune shape and orientation depending on sand availability
Authors: Gao Xin , Narteau Clément , Rozier Olivier , du Pont Sylvain Courrech
Published: September 2015

New evidence indicates that sand availability does not only control dune type but also the underlying dune growth mechanism and the subsequent dune orientation. Here we numerically investigate the development of bedforms in bidirectional wind regimes for two different conditions of sand availability: an erodible sand bed or a localized sand source on a non-erodible ground. These two conditions of sand availability are associated with two independent dune growth mechanisms and, for both of them, we present the complete phase diagrams of dune shape and orientation. On an erodible sand bed, linear dunes are observed over the entire parameter space. Then, the divergence angle and the transport ratio between the two winds control dune orientation and dynamics. For a localized sand source, different dune morphologies are observed depending on the wind regime. There are systematic transitions in dune shape from barchans to linear dunes extending away from the localized sand source and vice-versa. These transitions are captured fairly by a new dimensionless parameter, which compares the ability of winds to build the dune topography in the two modes of dune orientation.
Electronic Topological Transition in Ag2Te at High-pressure
Authors: Zhang Yuhang , Li Yan , Ma Yanmei , Li Yuwei , Li Guanghui , Shao Xuecheng , Wang Hui , Cui Tian , Wang Xin , Zhu Pinwen
Published: September 2015

Recently, Ag2Te was experimentally confirmed to be a 3D topological insulator (TI) at ambient pressure. However, the high-pressure behaviors and properties of Ag2Te were rarely reported. Here, a pressure-induced electronic topological transition (ETT) is firstly found in Ag2Te at 1.8 GPa. Before ETT, the positive pressure coefficient of bulk band-gap, which is firstly found in TIs family, is found by both first-principle calculations and in situ high-pressure resistivity measurements. The electrical resistivity obtained at room temperature shows a maximum at 1.8 GPa, which is nearly 3.3 times to that at ambient pressure. This result indicates that the best bulk insulating character and topological nature in Ag2Te can be obtained at this pressure. Furthermore, the high-pressure structural behavior of Ag2Te has been investigated by in situ high-pressure synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction technique up to 33.0 GPa. The accurate pressure-induced phase transition sequence is firstly determined as P21/c → Cmca → Pnma. It is worth noting that the reported isostructural P21/c phase is not existed and the reported structure of Cmca phase is corrected by CALYPSO methodology. The second high-pressure structure, a long puzzle to previous reports, is determined as Pnma phase. A pressure-induced metallization in Ag2Te is confirmed by the results of temperature-dependent resistivity measurements.
Intra-batch effect correction in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using quality control samples and support vector regression (QC-SVRC)
Authors: Kuligowski Julia , Sánchez-Illana Ángel , Sanjuán-Herráez Daniel , Vento Máximo , Quintás Guillermo
Published: September 2015

Intra-batch effects in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry are corrected using quality control samples and support vector regression.
A dinuclear Ru(ii) complex capable of photoinduced ligand exchange at both metal centers
Authors: Albani B. A. , Peña B. , Saha S. , White J. K. , Schaeffer A. M. , Dunbar K. R. , Turro C.
Published: September 2015

{[Ru(CH3CN)3]2(tppz)}4+ (tppz = tetra-2-pyridylpyrazine) undergoes photoinduced CH3CN exchange with λirr ≥ 610 nm in H2O from both metal centers.
Nucleic-acid recognition interfaces: how the greater ability of RNA duplexes to bend towards the surface influences electrochemical sensor performance
Authors: Tavallaie Roya , Darwish Nadim , Brynn Hibbert D. , Justin Gooding J.
Published: September 2015

Faster electron transfer kinetics were observed for redox labelled nucleic-acids duplexes containing RNA, suggesting a more flexibility, compared to DNA/DNA.
Pre-concentration and energy transfer enable the efficient luminescence sensing of transition metal ions by metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Lin Xinping , Hong Yahui , Zhang Chao , Huang Ruiyun , Wang Cheng , Lin Wenbin
Published: September 2015

The 2,2′-bipyridyl moieties in designer MOFs pre-concentrate metal ion analytes and transfer energy to lanthanide reporters for luminescence sensing.
Organic dyes with a fused segment comprising benzotriazole and thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole entities as the conjugated spacer for high performance dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Ni Jen-Shyang , Yen Yi-Chi , Lin Jiann T.
Published: September 2015

Dyes with a fused segment comprising electron-deficient benzotriazole and electron-rich heteroaromatic entities as the conjugated spacer are promising sensitizers for DSSCs.
l-Aspartate links for stable sodium metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Siman Peter , Trickett Christopher A. , Furukawa Hiroyasu , Yaghi Omar M.
Published: September 2015

Two new air-stable sodium MOFs, MOF-705 and MOF-706, comprising 2D sodium oxide sheets using tetratopic aspartate-based linkers.
Anion states and fragmentation of 2-chloroadenine upon low-energy electron collisions
Authors: Kossoski F. , Kopyra J. , Varella M. T. do N.
Published: September 2015

We report on a joint theoretical and experimental investigation into the electron-induced fragmentation of 2-chloroadenine, for electrons up to 12 eV. Our results suggest that 2-chloroadenine can be considered as potential radiosensitiser.
CO2reforming of methane over highly active La-promoted Ni supported on SBA-15 catalysts: mechanism and kinetic modelling
Authors: Oemar U. , Kathiraser Y. , Mo L. , Ho X. K. , Kawi S.
Published: September 2015

Various Ni catalysts were synthesized by combining a high surface area SBA-15 support, a novel preparation method using an oleic acid precursor to obtain highly dispersed and small Ni particles, and the basic property of La.
A highly efficient heterogeneous copper-catalyzed three-component coupling of tetrahydroisoquinolines, aldehydes and 1-alkynes
Authors: Zhao Hong , He Wen , Wei Li , Cai Mingzhong
Published: September 2015

A highly efficient heterogeneous copper-catalyzed three-component coupling of tetrahydroisoquinolines, aldehydes and 1-alkynes has been described.
Kinetico-mechanistic studies of substitution reactions on cross-bridged cyclen CoIIIcomplexes with nucleosides and nucleotides
Authors: Vázquez Marta , Font-Bardia Mercè , Martínez Manuel
Published: September 2015

Substitution reactions on [Co{(μ-ET)cyclen)(H2O)2]3+are dominated by the presence of its mono-hydroxo bridged dimeric form, which coordinates to different donors of nucleosides and nucleotides depending on an outer-sphere association.
N-heterocyclic carbene copper(i) catalysed N-methylation of amines using CO2
Authors: Santoro Orlando , Lazreg Faïma , Minenkov Yury , Cavallo Luigi , Cazin Catherine S. J.
Published: September 2015

The N-methylation of amines using CO2 and PhSiH3 was efficiently catalysed by a N-heterocyclic carbene copper(i) complex.
Inactivation of bacteria from contaminated streams in Limpopo, South Africa by silver- or copper-nanoparticle paper filters
Authors: Dankovich Theresa A. , Levine Jonathan S. , Potgieter Natasha , Dillingham Rebecca , Smith James A.
Published: September 2015

There is an urgent need for inexpensive point-of-use methods to purify drinking water in developing countries to reduce the incidence of illnesses caused by waterborne pathogens.
Fractionate analysis of the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities in advanced breeding lines of high-lycopene tomatoes
Authors: Ilahy Riadh , Piro Gabriella , Tlili Imen , Riahi Anissa , Sihem Rabaoui , Ouerghi Imen , Hdider Chafik , Lenucci Marcello Salvatore
Published: September 2015

The results of the first study characterizing new high-lycopene tomato advanced breeding lines, to determine the phytochemical content as well asin vitroantioxidant activities of peel, pulp and seed fractions are presented.
Spatiotemporal-specific lncRNAs in the brain, colon, liver and lung of macaque during development
Authors: Li Feng , Xiao Yun , Huang Fei , Deng Wei , Zhao Hongying , Shi Xinrui , Wang Shuyuan , Yu Xuexin , Zhang Lianfeng , Han Zujing , Luo Longhai , Zhu Qianhua , Jiang Wei , Cheng Shujun , Li Xia , Zhang Kaitai
Published: September 2015

Identification of spatiotemporal-specific lncRNAs during the development of multiple tissues in rhesus.
Computational modeling of cytokine signaling in microglia
Authors: Anderson Warren D. , Makadia Hirenkumar K. , Greenhalgh Andrew D. , Schwaber James S. , David Samuel , Vadigepalli Rajanikanth
Published: September 2015

Neuroinflammation due to glial activation has been linked to many CNS diseases.
Oligomerization enhancement and two domain swapping mode detection for thermostable cytochrome c552via the elongation of the major hinge loop
Authors: Ren Chunguang , Nagao Satoshi , Yamanaka Masaru , Komori Hirofumi , Shomura Yasuhito , Higuchi Yoshiki , Hirota Shun
Published: September 2015

High-order oligomers increased whereas N-terminal domain swapping and C-terminal domain swapping were elucidated by the insertion of Gly residues at the major hinge loop of cytochromec552.
Thermodecomposition synthesis of porous β-Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3 heterostructured photocatalysts with improved visible light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Zhu Gangqiang , Liu Yongbao , Hojamberdiev Mirabbos , Han Juanli , Rodríguez Juan , Bilmes Sara A. , Liu Peng
Published: September 2015

Porous β-Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3 composite photocatalysts showed enhanced photocatalytic activities for degrading organic pollutants under visible light due to the p–n heterojunction.
Size and shape trump charge in interactions of oxovanadates with self-assembled interfaces: application of continuous shape measure analysis to the decavanadate anion
Authors: Sánchez-Lombardo Irma , Baruah Bharat , Alvarez Santiago , Werst Katarina R. , Segaline Nicole A. , Levinger Nancy E. , Crans Debbie C.
Published: September 2015

Using 51V NMR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and continuous shape analysis to characterize two polyoxometalate-encapsulation in reverse micelles.
Efficient solvent free synthesis of tertiary α-aminophosphonates using H2Ti3O7nanotubes as a reusable solid-acid catalyst
Authors: Rajendra Prasad Reddy Bhoomireddy , Vasu Govardhana Reddy Peddiahgari , Reddy Bijivemula N.
Published: September 2015

The Kabachnik–Fields reaction was applied for the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates from aldehydes, secondary amines and dialkyl phosphites in the presence of H2Ti3O7nanotubes as reusable solid-acid catalysts.
Highly flexible transparent self-healing composite based on electrospun core–shell nanofibers produced by coaxial electrospinning for anti-corrosion and electrical insulation
Authors: An Seongpil , Liou Minho , Song Kyo Yong , Jo Hong Seok , Lee Min Wook , Al-Deyab Salem S. , Yarin Alexander L. , Yoon Sam S.
Published: September 2015

Flexible transparent composite formed by self-healing core–shell nanofibers for anti-corrosion protection.
On the road to metallic nanoparticles by rational design: bridging the gap between atomic-level theoretical modeling and reality by total scattering experiments
Authors: Prasai Binay , Wilson A. R. , Wiley B. J. , Ren Y. , Petkov Valeri
Published: September 2015

When supplemented with data from total scattering experiments, theoretical modeling provides a sound understanding of the synthesis–structure–property relationships in metallic nanoparticles.
Probing charge transfer excitons in a MoSe2–WS2 van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Ceballos Frank , Bellus Matthew Z. , Chiu Hsin-Ying , Zhao Hui
Published: September 2015

Charge transfer excitons are observed in a van der Waals heterostructures formed by monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides.
Wavelength dependent specific plasmon resonance coupling of single silver nanoparticles with EGFP
Authors: Lee Kerry J. , Huang Tao , Nallathamby Prakash D. , Xu Xiao-Hong Nancy
Published: September 2015

A single NP study of plasmon resonance coupling of single Ag NPs with EGFP.
Size and surface chemistry of nanoparticles lead to a variant behavior in the unfolding dynamics of human carbonic anhydrase
Authors: Nasir Irem , Lundqvist Martin , Cabaleiro-Lago Celia
Published: September 2015

The dynamics of the protein unfolding and adsorption is dominated by the nature of the surface which define the driving forces and the energy barriers of the process.
Super enhanced permeability and retention (SUPR) effects in tumors following near infrared photoimmunotherapy
Authors: Kobayashi Hisataka , Choyke Peter L.
Published: September 2015

SUPR effects induced by NIR-PIT promote enhanced nano-drug delivery up to 24-fold greater concentration compared with conventional EPR effects.
Tin oxide nanoparticles from laser ablation encapsulated in a carbonaceous matrix – a negative electrode in lithium-ion battery applications
Authors: Nowak Andrzej P. , Lisowska-Oleksiak A. , Siuzdak K. , Sawczak M. , Gazda M. , Karczewski J. , Trykowski G.
Published: September 2015

This report concerns carbonaceous electrodes doped with tin(ii) oxide nanoparticles.
Prediction of multiphase flow pattern inside a 3D bubble column reactor using a combination of CFD and ANFIS
Authors: Pourtousi M. , Zeinali Mohammadjavad , Ganesan P. , Sahu J. N.
Published: September 2015

This work presents a combination of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) developed for flow characterization inside a cylindrical bubble column reactor.
Improving photocatalytic activity by combining upconversion nanocrystals and Mo-doping: a case study on β-NaLuF4:Gd,Yb,Tm@SiO2@TiO2:Mo
Authors: Yin Dongguang , Zhang Lu , Cao Xianzhang , Tang Jingxiu , Huang Wenfeng , Han Yanlin , Liu Yumin , Zhang Tingting , Wu Minghong
Published: September 2015

A novel double-shell-structured β-NaLuF4:Gd,Yb,Tm@SiO2@TiO2:Mo nanocomposite photocatalyst has been developed for the first time.