bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODERN APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING OLDER PEOPLE AS A PECULIAR SOCIAL GROUP
Authors: Karkach Andriy , Kravchenko Oksana , Semigina Tetyana
Published: November 2022

Global aging trends, which are characteristic of Ukraine as well, lead to an understanding of the specific characteristics of older people. Based on the analysis of modern Ukrainian and international literature, this paper systematizes modern scientific views on the elderly as a special social group.Demographic, psycho-physiological, and sociological concepts related to ideas about old age, aging, and age limits of older people are characterized. In demography, older people are persons aged 60 years and older. At the same time, current documents of EU and other international organization stress that it is impossible to determine the fixed beginning of old age, because it depends on the individual characteristics of a person and many external factors that can slow down this process.From the point of view of physiology, older persons are characterized by involutive aging processes, which lead to a reduction in the functioning of the body and a higher need for external assistance (dependency on assistance). Psychological representations are based on the fact that elderly people are at the last stage of life, which is characterized by the search for the meaning of their life and reevaluation of achievements, who need self-affirmation and who self-identify with old age. Sociological ideas about the elderly are focused on singling out these people as a separate social group, which are characterized by a reduced social status, certain sociocultural roles and which require adjustments for communication with other groups in society.It was determined that an integrative definition of old age derived from socio-age status and identity is essential for social work. Social workers have to appreciate that individuals who usually experience a change in their own social environment have the same rights as other people and at the same time need respect for their choices, quality care and support
The Effectiveness of using Infographics as an Aid for Reading Comprehension
Authors: Revathy a/p Manickam  , Azlina binti Abdul Aziz
Published: November 2022

The Malaysian education system highly regards the English language that the language is being taught in both primary and secondary schools for 11 years long. However, the Malaysian pupils seem to have not acquired the reading skills good enough. Therefore, the pupils need to have a support system that would enable them to make a better connection with their reading materials especially English reading materials and to lessen the cognitive load that they experience during their reading session.  The purpose of this action research is to determine the effectiveness of using infographics to enhance reading comprehension among primary school pupils with average and weak English language proficiency. Sixteen Year 5 pupils from a semi-urban primary school at Pahang, Malaysia were chosen as its research participants. This study was inspired by the theory of Multimedia Learning by Richard E. Meyer. The data of this research was collected through tests; before the intervention and after the intervention. The data were collected from the test and were analyzed. The finding of this research shows that there is a significant improvement in the mean score from the pre-test to the post-test. The pupils were able to comprehend the text better through the intervention.
The Role of Some Violence Factors on Jordanian Universities` Students to Increase the Level of Violence among Students
Authors: Abdalah Al Qudah Emran (Mohamad Ali) , Osama Kanaker
Published: November 2022

The problems among students in Jordanian universities has increased recently. This research investigates to evaluate the relationship between some marital of movies and Jordanian university students through tow entirely new movie elements which are: Physically abuse and verbal abuse. There are many problems that Jordan is still facing in this reform process and support education and one of them is violence on the campuses. As such, this study intends to conduct a pilot study on two factors in the movies and their impact on the target audience. Data were collected from questionnaires with a total of 30 respondents within Al Zaytoonah Private University (Faculty of Economics and Business) and Yarmouk University (Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences) in Jordan and analyzed by using Reliability test. Findings of study reliability for all variables ranged from 0.90 to 0.909. Future work focuses on hypotheses testing to evaluate the proposed model among financial employees in the Jordanian public sector.
An Enhanced PageRank Algorithm based on Optimized Normalized Technique and Content-based Approach
Authors: Koo Kwong Ze  , Hasan Fares , Rozilawati Razali  , Abudhahir Buhari  , Elisha Tadiwa
Published: November 2022

PageRank is an algorithm concerning search queries over the Internet. The algorithm returns the best search results to the user based on the webpage relevancy by calculating the outgoing links from each webpage. Although useful, the algorithm consumes a considerable amount of time as it needs to calculate the available webpages, which are also increasing in number over time. Moreover, the returned results by the algorithm are biased towards old webpages because they have the volume due to their lifetime, thus resulting in newly created webpages to have lower page ranks even though they have comparatively more relevant and useful information. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes an alternative hybrid PageRank algorithm based on optimized normalization technique and content-based approach. The proposed algorithm reduces the number of iterations required to calculate the page rank, hence improves the efficiency, by calculating the mean of all page rank values and normalizes them through the use of the mean. Through this approach, the algorithm is also able to determine the relevancy of webpages based on validity of links rather than popularity. These claims are demonstrated by an experiment conducted on the proposed algorithm using a dummy web structure consisting of 12 webpages. The results showed that the traditional PageRank algorithm has 74% more iterations than the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm returned a mean value of 1.00 compared to 1.32 for the traditional algorithm. These results confirm that the proposed algorithm saves a substantial amount of computing power while being more precise and not biased.
Experimental investigation of heat treated alloy for hardness using multiple linear regression model
Authors: M. Maruthi Rao  , NVVS Sudheer
Published: November 2022

Quenching media, temperature and time plays vital role to improve the mechanical properties of metal and alloys.  Tap water blend with cow urine different compositions hot metal at different temperature interval and quenched the blend and find the hardness values Al 2585 alloy. Cow urine contains different ingredients to enhance the mechanical properties of the meal and alloy. Ingredients like sodium and silicon some other elements present homogeneously improve properties like tensile strength, yield strength and hardness. Sodium refine the micro structure and silicon interlocking the grain boundaries of the metal. The model defined the relationship existing between the two variables of % of blend and temperature of specimen and hardness value, the dependent variables.  This was correlated with existing theories are the relationship between Hardness and two variables. A analytical model was developed for the fore casting of hardness, it was proved and certified to be a positive valuation tool for estimating the hardness on the heat treatment process.
Theoretical research of the process of separating impurities from cotton flow on the vibrating inclined mesh surface
Authors: Salokhiddinova Makhliyo Nurmukhammad Qizi  , Muradov Rustam
Published: November 2022

The theoretical and experimental analysis of movement processes of raw cotton on the inclined surface (a tray) is given in the article and different factors influencing cotton cleaning process are studied. Based on developed models, there is an opportunity to determine the efficiency of raw cotton being cleaned under different angles of the inclined plane and the change in its volume. It was observed that pattern of change in coefficient of cotton cleaning efficiency by time as a result of vibration of a tray is closely dependent on compression module  and increase in cleaning efficiency was observed.
Awareness and Perception Towards Prevention of Mother-to-child Transmission of HIV Guidelines Among Health Providers at the Saudi Maternity Hospital, Sudan
Authors: Haji Bashuura , Abdalla Afaf , Elnasry Soad , Mohammed Aeisha , Fadlalmola Hammad
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background: The prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) is a basic approach to control the HIV epidemic. The goal of this research is to learn more about healthcare practitioners' knowledge, attitudes, and practices to PMTCT.

 Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional institutional study was conducted amongst nurses, working at the Saudi maternity Hospital in Sudan. The data is collected by using a questionnaire designed for the study to collect the necessary data addressing knowledge, attitude,  and factors associated with PMTCT services. Data analysis achieved by a statistical package for social science (SPSS) V 20, presented in figures and tables.

Result: From the respondent's answers find the mode of transmissions more than half of the nurse's selected needle stick  (51.2%), encouraging women for HIV test during the pregnancy (97.5%), more than two-thirds  (67.5%) felt worried when they are caring pregnant women with HIV. On the other hand, (91.2%) of the respondents indicate a willingness to assist with the delivery of a baby born to a mother with HIV/AIDS.

Conclusion: Without extensive training and an increase in staffing levels of knowledge, the quality of and access to PMTCT services will likely impact negatively.
Comparison of Methods of Isolation and Quantification of Cell Free DNA from Plasma of Patients with Breast Cancer.
Authors: Asiyah Bukhari  , Zahid Khan  , Asif Ali  , Nighat Nawaz
Published: November 2022

Objective

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) released in response to necrosis in cancer patients The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of two commercial and two manual methods for cell-free DNA extraction. as well as to search for a method that is easy to extract the DNA from the plasma and cost-effective.

Methods

Plasma samples  seven in number of patients of Breast Cancer was taken.  We evaluated DNA quantity and its subsequent amplification obtained by four different cfDNA isolation methods; Modified Phenol Chloroform Isoamyl, Triton Heat Phenol, EpiQUik Circulating Cell-Free DNA isolation Easy kit” (EpiGentek) and “Nucleospin cfDNA kit”. Extracted DNA was quantified using Qubit and quantitative real-time PCR.

Results

Quantity of cf DNA varied between different extractions methods of a total of seven samples analyzed. The highest quantity was found from the samples extracted from the Nucleospin XS kit and the extraction efficiency was significantly higher in a pairwise comparison with the other three methods (p-value <0.0001). The concentration of the cfDNA obtained by all four methods was assessed on a Qubit fluorometer. The concentration was higher for the Nucleospin ?MPC?THP?Epiquik kit The qPCR values were consistently higher for Nucleospin XS as compared to all others.  This indicates good amplifiability of Nucleospin XS

Conclusion

We tested four methods of cf DNA extraction. In our hands, Nucleospin XS gave the best yield and amplifiability.  It is a quick and cost-effective method and sensitive for quantification of cfDNA on Real-time PCR. Therefore, it is highly recommended for clinical use of plasma as a liquid biopsy.
Perceived Rejection Acts as Maintaining Factor for Children with Intellectual Disability Disorder
Authors: Khan Rabia
Published: November 2022

Perceived rejection casts negative impacts on all human beings and perceiving the rejection from the care givers has a corrosive effect on special children. The current study explores the relationship between the perceived rejection from the family members, which acts as a maintaining factor for mental dysfunctionality. A child in question was referred to the trainee for the assessment and management of the academic and behavioral issues. The portage guide to early education has revealed that the child might have severe intellectual disability. It is discovered that the child has achieved late developmental milestones. The case was examined from June 2021 till Dec 202; not a single follow-up session was held as the child moved to another city. Consent has been taken from the teachers and parents. The focus of the intervention strategies was to enhance his self-help skills. The stakeholders were given awareness to make the process transparent.
Pattern of Maxillofacial Injuries in Road traffic Accident During Covid-19
Authors: Awais Sadia , Rasool Ayesha , Shehzadi Chanda
Published: November 2022

Objectives: This study aims to assess the prevalence and pattern of maxillofacial injuries presented at department of oral & maxillofacial surgery (OMFS), Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan during COVID- 19 pandemic. Determining patterns of occurrence of maxillofacial trauma and etiology can improve early diagnosis and treatment, thereby can decrease percentage of morbidity and mortality associated with these fractures. Place and duration; Sample data was collected from Department of OMFS, Mayo hospital, during January 2021 till December 2021. Methodology: (n=263) patients with confirmed diagnosis of maxillofacial trauma participated in this research. Record of all patients including sex, age, cause of road traffic accidents, radiograph, fracture site, vehicle type, use of seat belts/helmets, time to reach the hospital, and other safety devices were reviewed and evaluated. Results: There were (n=299, 57.27%) mandibular, (n=102, 19.50 %) zygomatic, (n=100, 19.10 %) maxillary, (n=12, 2.29 %) nasal, and (n=9, 1.70 %) frontal injuries. Maxillofacial trauma was more prevalent in males (87%) than in females (13%) and was commonly seen in young age groups (21-30 years). Two-wheelers (motorcycle) was the vehicle used in most of the cases reported (68.4 %) and major cause of RTA was inattentiveness to traffic rules (31.9 %). In road traffic accidents, mandible (57.27%) is the most common fractured bone, followed by Zygomatic Bone fracture. Conclusion: It is concluded that maxillofacial injuries in males (20 to 30 years) of age range were more prevalent and are observed mostly in mandibular bones. Although cases reported was less in number when compared to previous data, but pattern of fractured facial bones were more or less same.
Evaluation of Antidepressant Activity from Fragaria Ananassa
Authors: Alam Sadaf , Syeda Afroz  , Azmat Ara  , Sidra Jamil  , Nabiha Iqbal  , Hina Tabassum  , Sarah Shaukat
Published: November 2022

Objective: The goal of this study is to find out how Fragaria Ananassa (strawberries) affects serotonin levels and mouse immobility duration during the different tests performed in mice and evaluate antidepressant effects of FragariaAnanassa. Methods: Antidepressant effects of Fragaria Ananassa (strawberries) compared with the Standard antidepressant drugs by performing a Forced Swim Test and Tail Suspension Test on albino mice. Fragaria Ananassa was administered to two distinct groups of animals in two different dosages of 5ml and 10ml. Normal saline was given to the control group of animals and Imipramine (Standard Antidepressant) to the Standard group. Drugs were administered to the animals orally, and behavioral tests were performed 30 minutes later. Results: Fragaria Ananassa at a dose of 10 ml had a substantial anti-depressant impact by lowering immobility duration in both behavioral tests of Forced Swim and a Tail Suspension Test. Conclusion: Fragaria Ananassa at a dose of 10 ml has no significant difference from our standard antidepressant medication (Imipramine).
Descriptive Epidemiology of Salivary Gland Tumors in General Hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Shehzadi Chanda , Awais Sadia , Fatima Zeeshan , Atique Bisma , Irum Aqsa , Beenish Islam  , Khan Mirwaise , Afzal` Sabeera
Published: November 2022

Background: Salivary gland tumours are relatively rare when compared with other oral neoplasms and morphologically diverse group of lesions. This study aimed to determine the demographic findings and distribution of salivary gland neoplasms. A relatively large group of patients was  in Lahore from all over the country especially Punjab.Materials and mathods.  A reterospective cross sectional study was performed to diagnose the prevalence of these tumors both benign and malignant in Pakistani population. primary epithelial SGT 76 cases are included in 5 years from 2013-2017. The data was collected from previously designed questionaires.Results:The general features of the relevant salivary gland tumors were analysed in the first section. Out of 74 cases, 47 were males and 29 were females. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was about 41 years. Overall these tumors were seen more frequently in males than in females.The more common site is Parotid glands. The most frequent tumor is pleomorphic adenoma and most prevelant malignant tumor is adenoid cystic carcinoma.
Ultrasound Versus Fluoroscopy for Image Guidance During Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Khan Nasir , Hazratullah  , Ahsan Rafi
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Fluoroscopes are commonly used in PCNL worldwide. While ultrasound is used for screening and localization of renal stones, its role in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is underutilized.

Objective:  To compare the operative outcome, postoperative outcome and complications of ultrasound versus fluoroscopy guided PCNL.

Results: The study was performed from 1st April, 2018 to 30th Sept, 2021.  A total of 305 patients were enrolled in the study, with 122 cases performed under ultrasound (UG-PCNL) and 183 under fluoroscopy guidance (FG-PCNL). In the ultrasound group, the mean age was 48.65 ± 12.11 years. 45 were females and 77 were males with a mean stone burden of 754.33 ± 241.22 mm2, with the majority of renal units demonstrating moderate to gross hydronephrosis. While in the fluoroscopy group 81 were females and 102 were males with a mean age 46.28 ± 12.65 years and mean stone size of 763.54 ± 288.97mm2. Partial staghorn stones were found in approximately 25.4% in UG-PCNL while 34.4% in FG-PCNL group. Preoperative parameters including age, sex,  stone laterality, stone location, stone size, and severity of hydronephrosis did not differ between each group.There was no significant difference in successful tract creation, stone clearance, operation time , hospital stay, complications and ancillary procedure between UG-PCNL and FG-PCNL. Compared to fluoroscopy, ultrasonography had shorter puncture time, higher success rate of first puncture, shorter tract dilatation time, lesser drop in hemoglobin and lesser blood transfusion requirement.

Conclusion: Ultrasound is a safe alternative to fluoroscopy for successful percutaneous renal access and dilatation with similar stone clearance to that of fluoroscopy. The advantages of ultrasonography over fluoroscopy include shorter puncture time, higher success rate of first puncture, lower blood loss, and lower complications. It also avoids radiation exposure and use of contrast media.
Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology as primitive diagnostic tool in local population of Pakistan
Authors: Mehjabeen  , Khan Kashif Mehboob , Ahmed Naveed , Shafaque Mehboob  , Noor Jahan  , Farah Owais
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in the diagnosis of thyroid neoplasm among patients with thyroid swelling in local population of Pakistan.

Method: It was a retrospective study conducted in ENT and endocrinological department of   JPMC Karachi and Khuzdar district between 1st august 2018 to 20th march 2019. The current study was performed to collect data for last five years patients in ENT and endocrinological departments. FNAC in all these patients was performed either by residents or consultants without local anaesthesia, using a 23-gauge needle. Smears were immediately fixed with 95% ethyl alcohol solution, and staining was performed using Papanicolaou, Hemacolour, and Haematoxylin and Eosin (H and E) stain. The results were classified into four groups: inadequate, benign, suspicious, and malignant.

 A proforma was used for data collection, including registration number, age, gender, FNAC opinion , FNAC category , biopsy number and histology opinion. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC were calculated using the standard formulae

Results: The overall evaluation of FNAC technique as primitive tool reflected the accuracy of te method up to 87.7%, sensitivity 87.5% and specificity of 88% in local population of Pakistan. The presented study showed the safe use of FNAC with low rate of false negative results and few complicated cases.

Conclusion: FNAC helped to reduce the unnecessary surgery in the subjects with benign lesions and to produce better follow up investigations, therefore, improve the quality of life of the patients with thyroid lesions.
Effects of Substitution of Soybean Meal With Sesame Meal on the Performance of Japanese Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) and its Impact on Economics of these Quails Raising
Authors: Babar Hilal Ahmad Abbasi  , Kamran Baseer Achakzai  , Rana Muhammad Bilal  , Samiullah Sherani  , Muhammad Rahim Niazi  , Muhammad Ashraf Tareen  , Sher Ahmed Tareen  , Zia-U-Din  , Iram Saba  , Essa Jan  , Sadaf Shahid  , Muhammad Abbas Shah  , Kamal Tayyab  , Muhammad Ali Khan
Published: November 2022

Sesame meal (SSM) is locally available and relatively cheaper source of protein having an amino acid composition similar to that of soybean meal (SBM) with the exception of lower lysine and higher methionine contents. Despite its merits it has been under-utilized in quail’s diets. This study was conducted to examine the effects of substitution of SBM with different levels of SSM on production and economic performance of Japanese quails. One hundred eighty day-old Japanese quail chicks were randomly distributed into six experimental groups of three replicates of ten birds each replicate group was placed in a battery. Six of the Groups were given rations with different levels of SSM included; SSM–0 g (control), SSM–50 g, SSM–100 g, SSM–150 g, SSM–200 g and SSM–250 g including SSM per kg of rations. All Rations were fed ad libitum, records of initial body weight; weekly body weight gain and weights of feed offered, consumed and refused were kept. Dressing percentage was determined at the end of experiment. Results indicated that feed efficiency were not affected (P<0.05) in quails fed ration containing 50g of SSM, 100, 150 and 200 with higher (P<0.01) daily weight gain was observed in ration with SSM of 150g per kg of ration. Total feed consumption and dressing percentage were not affected. No significant difference was observed in all groups in terms of cost benefit ratio. It is concluded that SSM can be used as an alternative protein source in Japanese quail diets at inclusion levels up to 150 g/kg without negative effects on performance and carcass traits.
Potential of Organic Manures for Enhancing Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) Production in Pothohar Climatic Condition
Authors: Manzoor Hussain  , Abid Ali  , Saadia  , Muhammad Zeeshan  , Bashir Ahmad  , Abdul Khaliq  , Sher Afzal  , Iqra Mumtaz  , Naeem Arshad Maan  , Abdul Majid Khan  , Asad-ur- Rahman  , Natasha Kanwal
Published: November 2022

Excessive use of chemical fertilizers is common for higher production of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.). Chemical fertilizers are costly andhave adverse effect on soil environment. Keeping in view avoidingthe side effects of chemical fertilizers, an experiment was carried out for evaluating the different organic manures to select potential organic manure for better groundnut production during 2018-19 at Groundnut Research Station Attock. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications,  fivetreatments consisted of different organic and inorganic fertilizers i.e. T1 (FYM @7.5t/ha), T2 (PM @05t/ha), T3 (NPK @30:80:30 kg/ha), T4 (Vermicompost@ 2.5t/ha) and T5 control (zero fertilizer). Nutrients use efficiency, quality and yield components were recorded. The study revealed that organic manure can enhance the production and quality of Ground nut for replacing the chemical fertilizer. Poultry manure @ 05t/ha significantly produced higher yield (4203 kg/ha), shelling% (71%), 100 seed weight (72.66 g), plant height (31.66 cm), pods/plant(58.00), oil content (42.86%), protein(28.60%) during both the years over rest of treatments. Similarly FYM and vermicompost had better results than the NPK. Therefore it is recommended that poultry manure @05t/ha can improve groundnut yield under pothohar conditions of Pakistan.
Socio-demographic, obstetric and non-obstetric factors influencing the incidence of cesarean section (C-section)
Authors: Sulehri Sabeera Afzal , Dur e shawaar  , Dr. Irfan Sheikh
Published: November 2022

Cesarean sections (CS) and regular vaginal births are two processes for childbirth. Cesarean section is an intricate surgery involving numerous risks such as blood loss, organ damage, allergic reaction to anesthesia, infections and blood clots. Now a days rate of CS is increasing in developed countries. The increased rate of caesarean section can be described by socio-economic status (SES), medical and non-medical factors. Socioeconomic status (SES) is linked to a wide range of maternity services including Cesarean section (CS), whereas the most common medical and non-medical factors are labor dystocia, fetal mal-presentation, multiple gestations, suspected fetal macrosomia, placenta previa, placenta abruption, prolonged labor, fetal distress, birth defects, repeated cesareans, chronic health condition, cord prolapse, cephalopelvic dis-proportion (CPD), preeclampsia, bleeding, IUGR (Intrauterine growth restriction), uterine rupture, gestational diabetes, pelvic tumors, vesico-vaginal fistula repair, AP (anterior and posterior) repair and IUD (intrauterine devices).The aim of this study was to determine the rate of CS and socio-demographic, obstetric and non-obstetric factors influencing the incidence of cesarean section (C-section). This study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Peshawar for a period of 8 months. A standardized questionnaire was made by investigator to evaluate social and physiological status, obstetric factors, and non-obstetric- factors. 400 CS patients participated in this study. The findings of this study showed different socio-economic factors (ethnic variances, age occupation, income status) affecting cesarean section (C- section) delivery rates. The highest CS rate (39.25%) was in the age group of 26-30 years and in non-working women (61.5%). Moreover the high education of pregnant females is greatly associated with C-section rates because of the frequent visits for antenatal care during their pregnancy. Frequency of CS in overweight and obese women were found 139 (34.75%) and 198 (49.5%) of the total cases. As far as obstetric code was concerned, nulliparous women (62.5%) are more likely to be delivered by caesarean section as compared to Multipara 36.8% and Grand Multipara 0.8% when labor is induced.
Prevalence and Related Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus among Multigravida Females with the History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kousar Raheela , Islam Farooq , Raza Asim , Imtiaz Sabeeqa
Published: November 2022

Background: Pakistan is having higher prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been linked with substantial short- and long-term adverse health results, such as Diabetes Mellitus, increased risk of cardio-metabolic disorders later in life among both women and infants. GDM has seven times significantly increased risk of diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study is to calculate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among multigravida females with the history of gestational diabetes.

Methodology:

A cross sectional study was conducted on 153 women with multigravida having history of gestational diabetes was selected by convenient sampling. This study was conducted between Augusts to December 2021. Data were collected by a self-structured questionnaire. Data were entered and analyzed by SPSS 24. P value ? 0.05 was considered as significant value.

Results:

Out of total 153, prevalence of diabetes mellitus persists among the females with multigravida and having the history of gestational diabetes was observed 71(46.40%). Obesity, stress, lack of physical activity, Family history of Diabetes, Hypertension, elevated birth weight are some major risk factors of Diabetes mellitus after GDM.

Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus that persists after GDM have high prevalence and higher risk among multigravida females. For prevention of DM, early diagnosis screening, awareness should create about risk factors of DM and appropriate exercises during gestation period in females should perform.

Keywords: Cross-sectional, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Multigravida, Nulliparous.
Measles: Global Indicators and Progress on the road for Achieving and Sustaining Virus Eradication: A Review
Authors: Rizwan Akhtar  , Akhtar Faiza , Saba Shamim  , Farheen Ansari  , Aroosh Shabbir  , Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz  , Shah Khan Safdar , Rahat Mehmood
Published: November 2022

Measles morbillivirus is regarded as one of the most influential contagious virus in the timeline of human history. Before the classification of this virus and formulation of early vaccines in the starting 1960s, it was responsible for killing 0.1 – 10 % of every birth cohort. While live-attenuated samples of measles morbillivirus have considerably mitigated fatality rate around 99% in developed states, - 1 million fatalities are nevertheless occurring on yearly basis in the developing states, and multiple queries are awaiting response regarding immune-pathogenesis of measles, the vaccines and correlates of immunity itself. This study analyzes the considerable influence of vaccination uptake brought upon the reduction of measles disease burden all over the world, the foundation of effective vaccines along with their effectiveness and safety profiles, worldwide scenario of vaccination, the economic potential of investment in effective vaccines, the multiple impediments observed in control of measles in modern years, along with the major issues that have to be tackled for achieving a planet free from measles.
Decomposition of Vitamins in Multivitamin Syrups of Different Brands under Various Storage Conditions
Authors: Syed Aziz  Ullah  , Shahwani Ghulam Razaque , Shahwani Muhammad Arsalan , Shahwani Ghulam Mustafa Shahwani , Noman Ul Haq  , Shahwani Nisar Ahmed Shahwani
Published: November 2022

Stability of multivitamins containing drug products especially the syrups remains one of the most important factor which restrains from getting the desired therapeutic effects as its ingredients decompose quickly as compared to other Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), therefore, stability assessment is necessary to check the effect of climatic conditions on syrups’ decomposition. The study is aimed to assess the level of decomposition of vitamins in different syrups by placing them in stability chambers with different storage conditions and then comparison of assay contents of ingredients in different syrups. Different brands were selected for the estimation of assay values of vitamins/ingredients when stored at Real Time and Accelerated stability conditions as recommended by ICH for the countries categorized in climatic zone IV-A. The samples then analyzed by different analytical techniques such as HPLC, UV- Spectrophotometry and redox titration method at 3rd and 6th month timepoints. The stability study conducted showed that nicotinamide had assay values ranging from 30% to 95%, Pyridoxine 79% to 95%, Thiamine 22 % to 66%, Riboflavin 35% to 58% and Ascorbic acid 21% to 71% at real time (300C) storage condition. The study revealed that nicotinamide had assay values ranging from 26% to 89%, Pyridoxine 71% to 94%, Thiamine 9 to 35%, Riboflavin 24 to 55%, and Ascorbic acid 10 to 55% at accelerated (400C) storage condition. The most stable ingredient was Pyridoxine which showed assay values ranging from 74% to 95% and the most stable sample was Sample no A1.

It is evident from the data presented that the degradation is more frequent when the product were stored under accelerated conditions i.e. 400C±2/75%±5RH when compare with the results of stability studies conducted under real time stability studies’ conditions i.e. 300C±2 C/65%±5RH. It is concluded that such products must be stored below 25oC. The manufacturers of such products should mention ‘Store Below 25 C0’ on the label and outer carton of the product.
Therapeutic Validation of Coriandrum sativum Extract in Emesis and Analgesia
Authors: Syed Akbar  , Faria Khurshid
Published: November 2022

In the traditional System of Medicine, the leaves and seeds of Coriandrum sativum are used usually as emollient, antii-flammatory, stom-achic, carmi-native, digestive, constipating, astringent, antipyretic, diuretic, appetizer, stimulant, refrigerant, tonic, expectorant, in dyspepsia etc. The aim of this study was to investigate antiemetic and analgesic activity of the whole plant extract of Coriandrum sativum in Wister albino rats and chick emesis models. The anti-emetic activity of the Coriandrum sativum is determined by using the chick emesis model. Antiemetic   activity of Coriandrum sativum is determined by percentage inhibition of retching that is tempted with the help of copper sulfate. Copper sulphate is used to persuade emesis in chick. Analgesic activity is established by using the Wister albino rat as an experimental animal. Acetic acid is used to induce writhing in animals. The plant extract decreases the dose dependent writhing in acetic acid induced analgesia in Wister albino rats.
“SADIQ-21”: A New High Yielding and Rust Resistant Bread Wheat Variety
Authors: Ali Imtiaz
Published: November 2022

Sadiq-21 is a new wheat variety (Triticum aestivum L.) with better yield and rust resistance. It has been  released  for general cultivation in Punjab in 2021. The variety has been developed  through selection from exotic germplasm at Regional Agricultural Research Institute (RARI), Bahawalpur, Pakistan. This variety has high yield potential (>6700 kg ha-1) and is resistant  to yellow, leaf  and  stem  rust. The variety can be adapted to rainfed areas of the province due to its better tolerance against moisture stress. Thousand grain weight ranges from 38-40 g, test weight is high (75.7 kg hl-­1). It is less appealing to wheat aphids and responds very well to fertilizers. The grains are amber in colour and contain good protein, starch and gluten percentage (12.9%, 53.9% and 21%, respectively). It has good chapati making quality. It has good yield potential if planted in the first two weeks of  November, maintaining a seed rate of 100-120 kg ha-1 and a fertilizer dose of 150-120-60 NPK  kg ha-1. It can be concluded that Sadiq-21 has high yield capability and is resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses prevaling in the region.
Breeding Drought Tolerant Cotton; With an Emphasis on Within Boll Yield Components
Authors: Ali Imtiaz , Amir Shakeel  , Muhammad Tariq Mahmood  , Muhammad Zubair  , Wajiha Anum  , Akash Zafar  , Abid Ali  , Muhammad Iqbal Shahid  , Saba Naz  , Syed Waqar Hussain Shah
Published: November 2022

Evolution of low moisture stress tolerant genotypes of cotton is a dire need of the time for sustainable/increased production of cotton in Pakistan. A study was conducted to estimate the varietal differences and genetic control of various within boll yield components and fiber quality traits under normal and moisture stress conditions. Five parents viz; PB-39, MNH-886, MNH-147, CIM-598, BH-95 and their ten direct crosses were grown in field in split plot arrangement under randomized complete block design with two replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the two treatments (normal and moisture deficit) and among the fifteen genotypes for all the recorded traits including bolls number per plant, weight per boll, seed cotton yield per plant, GOT, seeds number per boll, seeds mass per boll, lint mass per boll, fiber length, fiber strength and fiber fineness. Treatment × genotype interaction was also significant for all the traits except fiber fineness. Variance due to GCA and SCA were significant for most of the traits; however magnitude of dominance variance was higher than additive variance indicating prevalence of non-additive genetic control for all the traits under both the conditions. The phenotypic expression of all the genotypes varied greatly under the two growing conditions.
In Era of Covid-19, Role of Circadian Biological Clock in Mental Health of Pakistani Population
Authors: Khalid Samia , Asad Shamaila , Nasar Iqbal Muhammad , Feroz Shagufta
Published: November 2022

The human immune system is linked to the circadian rhythm, which is controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the central nervous system. The Circadian Biological Clock (CBC) integrates the external environmental changes with internal human physiology. This clock provides temporal accuracy and strong adaptation to the surrounding environment. When CBCs are disrupted or misaligned, as a result of shift work, social jet lag, or other lifestyle factors, adverse mental health consequences arise such as mood disorders and anxiety. Prolong disruption leads to OCDs or schizophrenia. There is compelling evidence that disrupting the circadian biological clock can wreak havoc on one's mental health. This study highlights the impact of CBC on the general mental health of the Pakistani population during COVID19 pandemic. For this purpose, a survey research designed with a purposive sampling technique was used to collect data by using two tools and a sample of (N=379) individuals that selected from Lahore, Pakistan. Results revealed that the CBC explained significant variance with general mental health. The current research focused on the negative consequences of modern living practices and the importance of promoting synchronised lifestyle changes to align body rhythms for optimum mental health.
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Brucella Species in Infertile Women In District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Kaleem Ullah  , Muhammad Asif Zeb  , Abdul Baqi  , Jahan Sardar  , Amina Gul  , Syed Luqman Shuaib
Published: November 2022

Toxoplasmosis and Brucellosis are zoonotic infections having worldwide distribution. Toxoplasma gondii and Brucella species are the causative agents of these infections. The human can be infected by contact with infected animals. These infections affect the reproductive system of humans and animals. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Brucella species in infertile women of District Dir Lower. A cross-sectional study was conducted in General Hospital and Maternity Home District Dir Lower and a total of 576 infertile women were screened for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii and Brucella antibodies. ICT method was used for the detection of Anti-T. gondii and the detection of Brucella antibodies, the serum agglutination method was used. The overall prevalence of T.gondii was 11.3% (IgG=10.6% and IgM=0.7%), Brucella Abortus was 14.5% and the prevalence of Brucella Melitensis was 15.1%. The highest prevalence of T.gondii was observed among the age group 26-34 years while the lowest prevalence was observed among the age group 15-25 years. The highest prevalence of Brucella species was observed among the age group 35-45 years and the lowest prevalence was observed among the age group 15-25 years, and the prevalence of Brucella species was higher than T. gondii.
Effects of Antioxidants on Growth and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Neonate Calves
Authors: Muhammad Naeem  , Irfan Shahzad Sheikh  , Majed Rafiq  , Muhammad Jameel  , Syed Dawood Shah  , Daud Khan  , Mushtaq Ahmed  , Muhammad Iqbal  , Mahrukh Naseem  , Nayab Khan  , Khalid Mehmood  , Iram Saba
Published: November 2022

Micronutrients support immune functions and are essential for optimized health and production of animals. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin E and vitamin C, alone or in combinations, on growth and antioxidant capacity of neonate dairy calves. For this purpose, eighteen female Holstein Friesian calves were selected. Experimental treatments were; T0 or control (milk without vitamin supplementation), T1 (milk supplemented with 250mg of vitamin E), T2 (milk supplemented with 500mg of vitamin E), T3 (milk supplemented with 1000mg of vitamin C), T4 (milk supplemented with 250mg of vitamin E and 1000mg of vitamin C) and T5 (milk supplemented with 500mg of vitamin E and 1000mg of vitamin C). Experimental treatments were started from the third day till 60th days of calf’s life. Blood was collected in clot-activator tubes for TAC at day 01, 30 and 60. Body measurements were noted during 1st, 3rd, 6th and 9th week of this trial. Results showed that the TAC was significantly high in T1 group during first month. At the end of the trial (day 60), TAC were highest in T0 and T1comparetively. The wither height, heart girth and body length were significant in supplemented groups compared to control. In conclusion, it is asserted that the supplementation of vitamin E and vitamin C have beneficial effect on growth and antioxidant capacity of neonate calves.
Comparison of Beetal Goats’ Reproductive Effectiveness under Different Management Approaches
Authors: Mohammad Younus  , Mushtaq Mohammad  , Liaquat Ali Sajidi  , Mushtaq Ahmed  , Muhammad Ashraf  , Mohammad Ashraf  , Anwar Zehri  , Muhammad Rafiq  , Muhammad Aleem
Published: November 2022

The Beetal goat or Lahori goat is a breed from the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. It is used for milk and meat production. It is similar to the Jamnapari goat and the Malabari goat. Beetal goats have been widely used for improvement of local goats throughout the subcontinent. These goats are also adapted to stall feeding, thus are preferred for intensive goat farming. The Beetal goat and the Malabari goats are usually compared for their body characteristics. The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of beetal goat reproduction under different management techniques. Based on reproductive effectiveness and growth parameters, the results of two goat production management systems, namely (1) seasonal breeding and (2) year-round breeding, were compared. The study was performed out during a one-year period. The data was collected from two farms for this study, the 1st farm was the private farm known as Noor-Hussain Goat Farm in Raiwind and 2nd farm was Bahadurnagar Research Institute in Okara which is run by the government. Adult goats (n=72+) were collected for this study and their reproductive and productive traits were examined (2-bucks with each flock).
How COVID-19 Has Affected Supply and Demand Within Tourism Industry
Authors: HUYUGÜZEL KIŞLA Gül Şerife , TÜRKCAN Burcu , INCE YENİLMEZ Meltem
Published: November 2022

There is no doubt that coronavirus has succeeded in crippling businesses and people worldwide. It has led to unprecedented economic crisis in countries around the world. The tourism sector isn’t an exception to its devastating impacts. The virus has succeeded in affecting not just the economy. In addition to such, job opportunities, and regional developments in local communities have been greatly affected. Tourism throughout the world has been stagnant since the month of April 2020 due to the advent of COVID-19. Given this temporary problem, economies and employment rates have been affected to a great extent. Also, local communities around the world are struggling to survive. In most countries, 50% the revenue generated from exports is contributed by tourism. This means it is a major contributor of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) as well as employment. The major aim of this paper is to carry out an objective review that can enable researchers and experts understand as well as manage the impacts of COVID-19 on tourism. For this to be achieved, this paper discussed the transformational opportunities presented by COVID-19 including questions that it raises. The paper attempts to identify pre-assumptions, institutions, and fundamental values which the tourism industry including other academia need to challenge for development to be achieved. Furthermore, the paper discusses the major impacts, experiences and behaviors being experienced by the 3 stakeholders in the tourism industry – social cost, supply, and demand. Just as measures have been adopted by countries to ameliorate the situation, recommendations have been put forward to ensure speedy recovery of the sector.
Orientation response of Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) towards nineteen straight-chain hydrocarbons ​​
Authors: GUPTA ESHITA , VAIBHAV PRATYAY , KUMAR ARCHNA
Published: November 2022

The Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) is a larval endoparasitoid of the major crucifer pest, diamondback moth Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae). The oriental responses of C. plutellae towards 19 straight-chain hydrocarbons were scrutinized by Y tube choice bioassays. Stimulation for parasitoid elicited on application with 10 and 100 mg/l concentrations varied for each hydrocarbon. The study was conducted during the cole crop cultivation season in the winters of 2021-22 (January 2021-March 2022 at 28°32'7.8612'' N, 77°23'27.7044'' E). Out of all selected 19 hydrocarbons, Icosane emerged to be the best attractant with the highest percentage effectiveness of 1200%. The least attractancy was exhibited by Docosane. The possible behavioural manipulation of this specialist parasitoid using the desired concentration of hydrocarbon may be formulated and browbeaten for effective biological control of the diamondback moth.
Un estudio exploratorio sobre los valores y actitudes ambientales de pequeños negocios de artesanías de Oaxaca, México
Authors: De Yta-Castillo Diana , Sánchez-Medina Patricia S.
Published: November 2022

Con base en la teoría del valor-creencia-norma, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre valores y actitudes ambientales de pequeños negocios de artesanías de Oaxaca para adentrarse en los antecedentes que podrían conducirlos a un comportamiento ambiental más responsable. El enfoque del trabajo es cuantitativo y tiene un alcance descriptivo y correlacional. Se encuestó a los dueños/gerentes de 76 negocios de artesanías. Los resultados descriptivos muestran que los valores y actitudes ecocéntricos son más altos en comparación con los valores antropocéntricos. Sin embargo, en la prueba de hipótesis se halló que los valores antropocéntricos tienen una relación significativa con las actitudes proambientales y con las actitudes antropocéntricas. Se requiere promover en la comunidad empresarial, una educación ambiental con una mayor orientación hacia valores ecocéntricos con la finalidad de que estos valores ambientales puedan conducir a los pequeños negocios de México a tener una mayor responsabilidad con el medio ambiente. Este trabajo es pionero en abordar factores psicosociales en pequeños negocios en México. Se concluye que la teoría del valor-creencia-norma es un marco teórico que en negocios de artesanías permite analizar la relación entre valores ambientales y actitudes ambientales.