bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CONTRIBUTION OF PRACTICAL TRAINING IN THE TEACHING OF THE DISCIPLINE "NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY"
Authors:   Department of Normal Physiology GOU "TSU named after Abuali ibn Sina", Holbekian M.Yo. , Shukurova N. Ya. ,   Department of Normal Physiology GOU "TSU named after Abuali ibn Sina", Ganiev H.A. ,   Department of Normal Physiology GOU "TSU named after Abuali ibn Sina", Arabova Z.U. ,   Department of Normal Physiology GOU "TSU named after Abuali ibn Sina", Khomidjonova D.H. ,   Department of Normal Physiology GOU "TSU named after Abuali ibn Sina", Abdusattorova M.A. ,   Department of Normal Physiology GOU "TSU named after Abuali ibn Sina"
Published: February 2025

Goal. Analysis of the methods of conducting the experimental (practical) part – classes on the
subject of "normal physiology" at the State Educational Institution "TSMU named after Abuali ibn
Sino" for 85 years of the department's working activity.
Materials and methods of research. The material for the preparation of this article was the
accumulated experience of teaching the discipline "Normal Physiology" at the Department of Normal
Physiology of the State Educational Institution "TSMU named after Abuali ibn Sino". The analysis of
changes in the methods of conducting the practical (laboratory) part of the lesson in the educational
and scientific activities of the department is carried out.
The results of the research. Since the establishment of the department, depending on the
conditions of the time, it has been equipped with premises for practical classes and research work.
Dogs from the university's scientific laboratory were used as laboratory animals for practical
training. At that time, students enthusiastically participated in experiments, helped teachers in
operations, which was considered the basis for further mastering practical skills in clinical and
surgical departments. It is planned to use white laboratory rats as experimental animals. All these
actions can contribute to the comprehensive consolidation of theoretical knowledge, the development
of certain skills for conducting experimental work, and improving the cognitive level of students. On
this basis, research work at the department is also conducted on experimental animals.
Conclusion. A historical analysis of the methods of conducting the experimental (practical)
part of the "normal physiology" of the State Medical University "Abuali ibni Sino State Medical
University" showed that the performance of practical (experimental) work in the development of
subjects of a medical and biological profile, including "normal physiology" plays an important role
in the training of future doctors. The main part of the teachers of the department have academic
degrees of candidates or doctors, regularly upgrade their qualifications, prepare textbooks and
methodological recommendations for students.Key words. Education, practical training, normal physiology
CLINICAL CASE OF A BURDENED FAMILY HISTORY OF COLORECTAL CANCER
Authors:   State Educational Institution “Avicenna Tajik State Medical University”, Sanginov J.R. , Mahmad M. ,   State Institution “Republican Oncological Scientific Center” of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Republic of Tajikistan., Naibov M.Kh. ,   State Institution “Republican Oncological Scientific Center” of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Republic of Tajikistan., Zoirov R.A. ,   State Institution “Republican Oncological Scientific Center” of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Republic of Tajikistan., Safarzoda N. A. ,   State Institution “Republican Oncological Scientific Center” of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Published: February 2025

Familial colorectal cancer constitutes a heterogeneous group of patients. Between 2%
to 5% of all colon cancers arise in the setting of well–defined inherited syndromes, including Lynch
syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis. Each is associated with a high risk of colon cancer. In
addition to the syndromes, up to one–third of colon cancers exhibit increased familial risk, likely
related to inheritance. A number of less penetrant, but possibly more frequent susceptibility genes
have been identified for this level of inheritance. Clarification of predisposing genes allows for
accurate risk assessment and more precise screening approaches. This article is about clinical case
of familial colorectal cancer.
Keywords: Familial colorectal cancer, Lynch syndrome, Familial adenomatous polyposis
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR NEPHROPATHY OF VARIOUS ETIOLOGIES
Authors:   State Institution "Republican Scientific Clinical Center of Urology", Dushanbe, Tajikistan, Olimov O.Z.
Published: February 2025

This review article presents the latest data on dysmetabolic, diabetic, tuberculosis, drug and
immunoglobulin A nephropathy. It is noted that despite the huge variety of etio–pathogenetic
mechanisms for the development of nephropathy, with a well–designed diagnostic algorithm and
taking into account all available modern diagnostic criteria, it is possible to identify one or another
type of nephropathy, which is extremely important for the correct choice of therapy for patients with
these complex diseases.
Keywords. Dysmetabolic, diabetic, tuberculosis, drug and immunoglobulin A nephropathy.
Crisis and conflict communication in the political sphere: general and special
Authors: Enikeeva Ekaterina
Published: February 2025

The article analyzes the correlation of the key concepts of "crisis", "conflict" and "risk" in the context of the political sphere in order to identify common and special characteristics of crisis and conflict communication. Special attention is paid to the communicative aspects of such social phenomena as crisis and conflict. The author considers different approaches to determining the correlation of key concepts. The article was based on the ratio of "conflict" and "crisis" as phases increasing in their negative consequences, accompanied by a multiplication of risks that can accelerate the process of transition from one stage to another. The main focus is on the use of crisis and conflict communications in the field of politics. Significant differences between crisis and conflict communications are highlighted in terms of audience, goals, channels, etc. Common features are also described, including in the field of using technologies to reduce social tension. The methodological basis of the research is the work of domestic and foreign authors who consider conflict and crisis phenomena in the context of the political sphere. Based on the work of modern researchers, the limitations of classical approaches (R. Darenfort, L. Kozer) in relation to the political processes taking place in the 21st century are noted. The expansion of the strategic tasks of crisis communications of the state is noted in connection with the increase in risks leading to the destabilization of society. The general characteristics of conflict and crisis communication are highlighted, among which are similar principles of communicative interaction between the state and society (information openness, the operational nature of communication, the use of a wide range of channels), as well as features of two types of communications: scale, different levels of risks, opportunities for rapid localization of a conflict situation, etc. One of the conclusions of the study is to determine the need to review the anti-crisis management system in the political sphere, where it is important to clearly define the boundaries of crisis or conflict communications, since the choice of technologies and tools will depend on this.
IT-technologies for detecting retinopathy of prematurity
Authors:   FGBOU VO “Tyumen State Medical University”, Tyumen, Ponomareva M.N. , Yudina S.S. ,   BU KhMAO – Yugra “Surgut District Clinical Center for Maternal and Child Health”, Surgut, Egorov D.B. ,   FGBOU VO “Tyumen State Medical University”, Tyumen, Radostev A.A. ,   “Dio-Consult” LLC, Tyumen, Vakuh O.Y. ,   FGAOU VO “Tyumen State University”, Tyumen, Alyokhina V. N. ,   GBUZ TO “Regional Clinical Hospital № 2”, Tyumen, Spirina D.S. ,   FGBOU VO “Tyumen State Medical University”, Tyumen
Published: February 2025

Aim. Determination of effective clinical and anamnestic risk indicators for the development of retinopathy of prematurity for the development of an IT technology software product (calculator).

Methods. A non-randomized prospective study of 507 premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity and a group at risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity (common risk factors for pathology of maternal obstetric history and somatic status of premature infants) was conducted in order to create a computer program for a calculator using the standard machine learning method of the Ridge model.

Results. When analyzing the results of machine learning using the Ridge model program, the significance coefficients of risk factors for mother and child were identified. Based on the analysis of the short-term risk factors identified, 10 indicators from the obstetric history of the mother and the somatic status of the child were determined, which formed the basis for the development of a computer calculator for determining the risk of retinopathy of prematurity.

Conclusions. The resulting program allows neonatologists and ophthalmologists to calculate the risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity in the first weeks of life and to carry out timely preventive measures.

Key words: retinopathy of prematurity, calculator, computer program, IT technologies
Two-stage spacer plastics with free skin graft, meshwork for hernioplasty and autologous lip mucosa for lower eyelid repair: a three-side approach
Authors:   IRTC Eye Microsurgery Ekaterinburg Center, Ekaterinburg, Shlyakhtov M.I. , Novikova M.E. ,   IRTC Eye Microsurgery Ekaterinburg Center, Ekaterinburg
Published: February 2025

We present a case of repair of posttraumatic lower eyelid retraction with tissue loss and scarring after blunt trauma of the eye with a fracture of the inferior orbital wall. Attempted reconstruction of zygomatico-orbital region with titanium meshwork resulted in rejection of the meshwork and contraction of cutaneous-muscular and tarso-conjunctival layers. A two-stage surgical technique of lower eyelid retraction repair with full-thickness skin autograft from preauricular face zone using a spacer out of Ultrapro composite monofilament meshwork and autologous mucosa of the lip was used.

At the first step deep scars were resected and lost volume of skin tissue was restored. At the second step spacer grafts were used for supporting purposes to provide structural support. As a result, vertical size of the lower eyelid was elongated in relation to the eyeball by 2.88 mm. In one year after surgery there was no significant difference in the distance between lower limbus and lower eyelid on both sides. There was good and stable functional and aesthetic result of surgery.

This surgical approach gave a possibility to dose the effect of operation, to repair retraction of the lower eyelid, to restore an adequate adaptation of the eyelids and to reduce the vertical size of the eye slit without sufficient change of its horizontal size as well as to prevent keratopathy.

Key words: lower eyelid retraction, ectropion, entropion, spacer graft
Epitope Mapping and Vaccine Candidate Prediction for Listeriosis and Tetanus
Authors: Naravula Jalaja , Mundlamuri Ramesh , Yarramane Ajay
Published: February 2025

In the pursuit to combat infectious diseases, the development of vaccines remains a cornerstone of public health strategy. This study presents a novel in silico approach to the design of multi-epitope vaccines against Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridium tetani, pathogens responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Utilising advanced computational tools, we identified and characterised antigenic and non-allergenic epitopes from surface proteins of these bacteria, essential for eliciting a targeted immune response. Our analysis included the prediction of linear B-cell epitopes using the ABCPred server, assessment of antigenicity with VaxiJen and determination of epitope orientation within the cellular membrane via DeepTMHMM. Molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into the stability and interactions of the protein-peptide complexes, with RMSD and RMSF analyses confirming the structural integrity conducive to vaccine efficacy. The strategic linking of shortlisted epitopes, facilitated by the KK linker, led to the construction of vaccine candidates with broad protective capabilities.

Our findings demonstrate the potential of computational methods in streamlining vaccine development, offering a blueprint for rapid and efficient generation of vaccine candidates against complex pathogens. The implications of this research are far-reaching, providing a method that is both scientifically robust and technically sound, capable of addressing the urgent need for new vaccines in the face of emerging infectious diseases.
Study on thermo-chemical impact on Crude Oil Recovery
Authors: Amte Ayesha Siddiqua Rahman , Neog Dhrubajyoti
Published: February 2025

The conventional methods of crude oil recovery with primary and secondary measures are often found incapable in older oil-fields. Thermal-recovery is one of the most widely used EOR techniques. Many previous studies observed that an increase in reservoir temperature leads to a transition in rock wettability from an oil-wet to a water-wet state. The effect of temperature on wettability-alteration is a result of several contributing parameters that include fluid/rock and fluid/fluid interactions. This study considers a heavy crude-oil from an upper Assam oil-field to evaluate the feasibility of producing with low-salinity water flooding under thermo-chemical-mechanism.

The research work first characterizes the porous media by evaluating the petrophysical properties. Following this, crude oil has been characterized to identify the physical characteristics and for classification of crude oil. Both low-salinity and high-salinity-brine-water were then employed to undertake surface-interaction and core-flooding analysis to observe how it interacts with the heavy crude-oil. Finally, the work examines if wettability-alteration has resulted while undergoing interaction at a temperature equal to the reservoir temperature of the well from which porous- media and reservoir-fluids were acquired for the analysis. The findings of the work highlight the merits of each method and how the applied treatment can enhance oil recovery.
Expedient construction of fused polycyclic skeletons via palladium-catalyzed dearomatization of naphthalenes and benzenes.
Authors: Zhu Jinbin , Li Jiaqi , Li Zhenyue , Yuan Yuan , Zhu Zelan , Wang Yanyan , Deng Zhonghao , Tu Qiuyan , Tan Zhiyong , Tang Shaobin , Chen Zhengwang , Wang Zhong-Xia
Published: February 2025

A novel palladium-catalyzed dearomative cyclization of naphthalenes and benzenes has been accomplished for expedient construction of fused polycyclic skeletons bearing an all-carbon quaternary center. Excellent functional group tolerance was demonstrated in the reaction of 2,2-phenylnaphthyl acetonitriles, in which cyano group can serve as linkage for potential applications. Further, the challenging dearomatization of benzenes was developed, offering a series of [6,5,6]-carbotricyclic scaffolds which may play a role as intermediate for the synthesis of fused tricyclic natural products and its analogues.
The Role of Ethanol in Lithium-Mediated Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Tort Romain , Westhead Olivia , Douglas James O. , Conroy Michele , Davies Bethan J. V. , Winiwarter Anna , Faisal Aishah , Spry Matthew , Khobnya Artem , Ryan Mary P. , Titirici Maria-Magdalena , Jervis Rhodri , Stephens Ifan E. L.
Published: February 2025

Although the Haber-Bosch process for industrial ammonia production is hailed by many as one of the most influential breakthroughs of the 20th century, its decarbonisation and decentralisation remain a critical challenge. One of the most promising and fast improving approaches is electrochemical nitrogen reduction mediated by lithium. However, the impact of electrolyte configuration on the formation of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) and its effect on selective nitrogen reduction is still elusive. In particular, the role of commonly added, supposedly sacrificial, proton donors on SEI chemistry and morphology remains a mystery. In this work, the impact of ethanol concentration in a 1 M LiNTf2 in THF electrolyte on SEI properties and nitrogen reduction is analysed via a multi-pronged characterisation approach. Post-mortem surface analysis via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows a dependence in the relative proportion of LiF and Li2O on ethanol concentration, while depth profiling measurements via cluster source time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry reveals increasing SEI electrolyte permeability at higher ethanol concentrations. Cryogenic electron microscopy measurements show a reduction in SEI thickness with increased ethanol concentration, as well as increased SEI homogeneity. Lithium metal is also observed only in ethanol free condition. Analysis of bulk SEI components via titration corroborates the observation of lithium metal in cryo-microscopy measurements, as well as showing an increase in bulk Li2O/LiOH content with ethanol concentration. A narrow ‘Goldilocks’ region is revealed, where the SEI has just the right properties for efficient nitrogen reduction.
Spontaneous or Stimulated? Investigating Raman’s Detection Lim-its in Aqueous Environments
Authors: Mohn Karsten , Dong Bin , Mahapatra Shivam , Singh Ishaan K. , Lomont Justin P. , Wan Boyong , Zhang Chi
Published: February 2025

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful method for analyzing chemical compositions across diverse samples. Spontaneous Raman scattering (spRS) provides complete Raman spectra but typically yields low signal levels, requiring long signal integration times. In contrast, stimulat-ed Raman scattering (SRS) produces much stronger signals, allowing for rapid spectral acquisition, and has been widely used to accelerate chemical imaging. Despite advances in both techniques, it remains unclear which method offers superior limits of detection (LODs) for molecules in biological samples. While theoretical comparisons under ideal conditions suggest that performance depends on photon flux and integration time, no experimental studies have directly compared the LOD of spRS and SRS spectroscopy. In this study, we systemati-cally compare the LOD of frequency-domain spRS and SRS for water-soluble analytes in aqueous solutions, a common environment for biological specimens. We first introduce a simplified LOD estimation methodology by taking only three measurements to derive the dilu-tion maximum (DM). This methodology achieved LOD estimates closely aligned with those obtained through serial dilution. Using this approach, we assessed the impact of various parameters, including Stokes laser power, the presence of beam scanning, number of pixels, and pixel dwell time, on the LOD of SRS spectroscopy and determined optimal conditions for SRS. Our results demonstrate that at short inte-gration times, SRS exhibits shot-noise-limited performance, with LOD inversely proportional to the square root of the acquisition time. At longer integration times, photothermal effects can cause deviations from ideal LOD scenarios. Under optimized experimental conditions, spectral-domain SRS confidently detects ~700 μM dimethyl sulfoxide in water and 1 g/L glucose and bovine serum albumin in aqueous solutions without spectral averaging. This performance can surpass that of spRS spectroscopy, even with equal or longer integration times.
Synthesis of Phenylenediamines via [4+1+1] Photocycloaddition of 1,3-Dienes and Isocyanides Enabled by a Gallium(I)/(III) Redox: The Key Role of a Phenalenyl-Based Ligand
Authors: Mukai Nijito , Kodama Takuya , Tobisu Mamoru
Published: February 2025

A gallacyclopentene complex is generated via oxidative cyclization of a Ga(I) complex bearing a phenalenyl-based ligand with a 1,3-diene. Upon visible-light irradiation, the Ga(III) complex undergoes homolytic cleavage of a Ga–C bond, facili-tating the subsequent mono- and double-insertion reactions with isocyanides. The double insertion complex undergoes reductive elimination to afford 1,2-phenylenediamine, achieving a [4+1+1] cycloaddition of 1,3-dienes and isocyanides via oxidative cyclization, insertion, and reductive elimination at gallium. This study demonstrates a proof-of-concept for two-electron redox processes of group 13 elements for organic synthesis.
A atualização da cultura da crise expressa na proposta do “INSS Digital”
Authors: Rama Molardi Germano , Hillesheim Jaime
Published: February 2025

Neste artigo, apresentamos o processo de digitalização do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS), constitutivo de uma conjuntura mais ampla de “modernização” das atribuições do Estado, a partir de sua gestão de cariz neoliberal. Tal processo assume  particularidades na realidade brasileira, constituindo uma expressão do que denominamos como “atualização da cultura da crise”. Apesar dos anseios por desburocratização no acesso da população usuária aos benefícios previdenciários e por melhorias na qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores da autarquia, explícitos em documentos institucionais publicados em 2017 (no início da implementação do INSS Digital), a realização concreta do referido processo apresenta outras feições. Por meio de uma pesquisa documental e de revisão bibliográfica, foi possível constatar que o cenário contemporâneo é de aumento das filas e dos recursos junto ao Conselho de Recursos da autarquia, de fechamento das Agências da Previdência Social, de redução do quadro funcional e, portanto, de inviabilização do acesso aos direitos sob a sua guarida.
Serviço Social e (neo)conservadorismo: rupturas e continuidades necessárias ao debate da profissão
Authors: De Véras Matias Mikaele , Andrade Gonzaga Anna Raquel
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo aborda o processo de Renovação do Serviço Social Brasileiro e o tensionamento que envolve a presença do tradicionalismo e do conservadorismo no interior da profissão. As reflexões aqui sistematizadas caminham no sentido de ressaltar a permanência do conservadorismo na profissão, ainda que sob novas roupagens, após o espraiamento da intenção de ruptura e o redirecionamento da profissão no âmbito da formação e do exercício profissional, tendo como base o viés crítico da teoria marxista. As determinações da atual crise estrutural do capital e suas consequências societárias recompõem as bases do novo cenário posto para a profissão: o neoconservadorismo, o pensamento pós-moderno e a recuperação de correntes teóricas conservadoras no interior do Serviço Social. É fundamental ampliarmos o debate dos fundamentos do Serviço Social, incorporando os desafios presentes na formação e no exercício profissional para, assim, fortalecer e manter hegemônico o atual projeto ético-político da profissão.
CLIMA ORGANIZACIONAL Y CALIDAD PERCIBIDA EN UN SISTEMA BIBLIOTECARIO UNIVERSITARIO: UN ESTUDIO CORRELACIONAL
Authors: Rodríguez Isaac Shamir Rojas , Villegas Carmen Lucía Preciado , López Sergio Ramón Rossetti , Montijo Juan Miguel Moreno
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la correlación existente entre el clima organizacional y la calidad percebida por los usuários em el Sistema Bibliotecario de la Universidad de Sonora.
 
Marco Teórico: Basado en conceptos claves como el clima organizacional, desarrollado por Lewin et al. (1939) y Litwin y Stringer (1968), y la calidad percibida del servicio, conceptualizada por Zeithaml (1988) y medida con los modelos SERVQUAL (Parasuraman et al., 1985) y SERVPERF (Cronin y Taylor, 1992), este estudio explora la relación entre estas variables.
 
Método: Se utilizó un diseño correlacional, cuantitativo y no experimental, con enfoque de campo. Participaron 150 empleados y 343 usuarios, quienes completaron encuestas en Microsoft Forms usando los instrumentos CLIUONing para evaluar el clima organizacional y SERVQUALing para medir la calidad percibida.
 
Resultados y Discusión: Aunque el clima organizacional (M=4.20) y la calidad percibida (M=4.12) fueron evaluados positivamente, no se halló una correlación significativa entre ambas variables (r=-.070, p-valor=.395). Las dimensiones mejor valoradas fueron retos individuales y gestión institucional para el clima, y capacidad de respuesta y seguridad para la calidad.
 
Implicaciones de la investigación: Los hallazgos orientan a las instituciones en estrategias como capacitación y retroalimentación continua para mejorar la calidad del servicio, resaltando la desconexión entre las experiencias de los empleados y las percepciones de los usuarios.
 
Originalidad/Valor: Este estudio explora un contexto poco investigado en bibliotecas universitarias mexicanas, destacando la importancia de recursos tangibles y competencias del personal para influir en la percepción de calidad.
Accuracy estimation for simplified techniques of composite structures ply-by-ply calculation method
Authors: Vlasov D. D. , Polilov A. N.
Published: February 2025

In order to apply the standard ply-by-ply method for calculation of composite structures, a complete set of elastic characteristics of the material must be determined, which involves a lot of methodological difficulties. In the present work some methods of elastic constants approximate estimations for composite monolayers and symmetric pairs of layers, used, in particular, for creation of pressure vessels, are considered. The error of restoring the material elastic constants on the basis of the known larger Young’s modulus is determined. It was found that this error, in addition to the degree of composite anisotropy, is significantly influenced by the variation of experimental data in the used sample of composites of this class (carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP), glass fiber-reinforced plastics (GFRP) or organic fiber-reinforced plastics (OFRP)), which should be taken into account in the calculations. These conclusions are illustrated on verification stress computations in the ply pairs of a composite wound pressure vessel. A comparison of the results of ply-by-ply calculations using the full set of elastic constants and using an approximate estimation of the elastic constants via elastic modulus transformation invariants is presented. It is shown that for strongly anisotropic composite materials such as carbon fiber-reinforced plastics, in which the modulus along the fibers significantly exceeds the other elastic constants, approximate methods make it possible to carry out calculations of composite structures with acceptable accuracy without resorting to complicated computational procedures.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA UTILIZAÇÃO DE RECURSOS MULTIMÍDIA NAS INSTITUIÇÕES PÚBLICAS DE ENSINO
Authors: Almeida Evaristo Fernandes de
Published: February 2025

O objeto deste estudo reside na exploração de plataformas interativas e simulações virtuais no contexto de escolas públicas. O questionamento central da pesquisa refere-se ao impacto desses recursos multimídia no engajamento e rendimento acadêmico dos estudantes. A hipótese preliminar sugeria uma correlação positiva entre a utilização dessas tecnologias e a melhoria do desempenho acadêmico. O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a eficácia e a percepção sobre o uso de plataformas interativas e simulações virtuais na educação. A metodologia adotada foi estritamente bibliográfica, revisando literaturas acadêmicas pertinentes ao tema. Os resultados indicam uma aceitação positiva dessas ferramentas, correlacionando-as com uma melhoria na performance acadêmica. Concluiu-se que as plataformas interativas e simulações virtuais demonstram ser recursos promissores para potencializar o engajamento e o rendimento acadêmico em ambientes educacionais públicos.
HISTÓRIA DO FINANCIAMENTO EDUCACIONAL PÚBLICO NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE DA COLÔNIA À PRIMEIRA REPÚBLICA
Authors: Alves José Luiz , Magalhães Nadja Regina Sousa , Nascimento Franc-Lane Sousa Carvalho do
Published: February 2025

A história do financiamento da educação no Brasil pode ser compreendida como um longo processo de tentativas de se alcançar um mínimo suficiente para aplicação na instalação e manutenção de um ensino de qualidade. O dinheiro que o Estado investe na educação, na teoria, deveria retornar a ele através de avanços frutos de uma Modernidade a todo vapor. Porém, nem sempre foi assim. No Brasil Colônia e Império, pouco foi feito para uma educação pública de qualidade. No caso da Colônia, inclusive, a Igreja cuidava da instrução das pessoas que viviam nessas terras (indígenas). No Império, a maior ruptura foi em relação a quem cuidaria dessa política, pois a igreja não poderia mais fazer isso por conta da expulsão dos jesuítas. As maiores mudanças ocorreram na Primeira República por conta do estabelecimento do Estado Nacional. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o período desde o século XVII até a Primeira República, para o conhecimento das diferentes possibilidades que o período ofereceu na formação das pessoas e na construção do Estado Nação. Esta pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica, evidenciou-se a necessidade de revisitar a educação no âmbito histórico, em destaque o impacto do financiamento na educação por parte do Estado até início do século XX.
USO DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Pinto Gilcejane da Silva
Published: February 2025

Este estudo visa conhecer os recursos utilizados pela Inteligência Artificial (IA) e suas contribuições para a Educação no Ensino Híbrido e na Educação a Distância (EaD). Com a vida acelerada e com a diversidade de tecnologias disponíveis, percebe-se grandes e constantes mudanças em vários setores da sociedade, e isso exige que os indivíduos sejam mais críticos, seletivos e reflexivos sobre tudo, para que possa atuar em seu meio. Na educação, deve-se selecionar os materiais e métodos oferecidos pela tecnologia, para utilizá-los a favor da busca e criação de conhecimento, com soluções que proporcionem aos indivíduos um processo de aprendizagem, que lhes traga melhores resultados. Nesse sentido, a IA é um recurso capaz de promover o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e oferecer a todos a oportunidade de tornarem-se protagonistas de sua aprendizagem, e conciliar os seus estudos com o trabalho de forma híbrida ou a distância. Para conhecer melhor o tema, fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica, com abordagem qualitativa de caráter exploratório e descritivo, com fundamentação teórica baseada em Costa, Filho e Bottentuit Júnior (2019), Vicari (2019) e outros, que tratam sobre o tema, para discutir os contributos da IA na Educação. Concluiu-se que a utilização dos recursos tecnológicos no Ensino híbrido e na EaD favorece a aprendizagem, com diferentes possibilidades e recursos, com estratégias que favorecem a autoaprendizagem e autoavaliação. Reforça-se, ainda, que o os autores entendem que o ensino realizado com recursos tecnológicos, sobretudo aqueles baseados em IA, tem se tornado cada vez mais atrativo e estimulante para a aprendizagem dentro e fora da escola.
Pneumothorax as Complication of CT Guided Lung Biopsy: Frequency, Severity and Assessment of Risk Factors
Authors: Gaurav Raj , Neha Kumari , Neha Singh , Kaustubh Gupta , Anurag Gupta , Pradyuman Singh , Hemant Gupta
Published: February 2025

Background: CT-guided lung biopsy is routinely performed minimally invasive procedure. Imaging findings in the lung can have a broad differential diagnosis; therefore, it is indicated for definitive determination of pulmonary nodules or masses. Post-biopsy complications are common with most of them manageable in daycare. As pneumothorax is the most common complication, frequency and severity of pneumothorax with assessment of risk factors and follow-up for resolution is necessary.
Methods: A prospective evaluation of 123 biopsies with automated coaxial biopsy of 18 gauge was done. Post-biopsy pneumothorax was evaluated for its incidence and resolution. The studied risk factors were; patient age, sex, lesion location, lesion size, shortest pleural lesion depth, traversed lung parenchymal distance, presence of emphysema, fissure penetration, needle thoracic wall angle, and lesion characteristics.
Results: Reported immediate post-procedural pneumothorax was 22% with 19% of mild, 4% of moderate and 2.4% of severe cases. 51.9% of cases showed resolution within 24 hours. The intervention was required in only 4.8% of biopsy cases. A significant p - value of pneumothorax with the nodule depth increased traversed lung parenchymal distance, acute needle angle, fissure puncture, and presence of emphysema was seen. Emphysema was an independent variable in pneumothorax in multivariate analysis.
Conclusion: Pneumothorax is an unamenable consequence of CT-guided lung biopsy and a cautious approach should be kept in view of the variables that are associated with it to reduce its incidence and severity in patients.
Designing scalable and robust microservice architectures for modern applications
Authors: Nagaraju Thallapally
Published: February 2025

Microservice architecture (MSA) has become a very popular software architecture for a scalable, flexible, and maintainable application in recent years. It allows organizations to build and run services on their own for scale, high availability, and fault tolerance. This talk will cover the fundamentals of creating scalable microservices architecture, the problems that are associated with scalability, and how to scale your distributed system effectively. It also talks about the major design patterns, tools, and technologies that can accommodate the scalability needs of microservices-driven systems. The paper also offers practical examples and best practices to ensure the scalability of microservices.
Study of the stability of the reconstituted vaccine against contagious bovine lumpy skin disease manufactured by the central veterinary Laboratory of Bamako (Mali)
Authors: Afou BAMBA  , Souleymane SACKO  , Brahima SACKO  , Boubacar Madio dit Aladjogo MAIGA  , Boubacar Ousmane DIALLO
Published: February 2025

The present study carried out at the Central Veterinary Laboratory of Mali (LCV) aimed to determine the stability of the DERMAPOX vaccine after its reconstitution. It focused on (03) pilot batches of vaccine against Contagious Bovine Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) codenamed DERMAPOX. Batches of DERMAPOX Nos. Pox 001, Pox 002 and Pox 003 produced according to Good Manufacturing Practices. The production and quality control procedures of culture media, semi-finished and finished product solutions did in accordance with the production protocol and the vaccine quality control manual of the LCV in accordance with the vaccine quality control manual of the Pan African Vaccine Quality Control Center (PANVAC) and the European Pharmacopoeia monographs. Said batches of DERMAPOX N° Pox 001, N° Pox 002 and N° Pox 003 products have obtained the good quality label. The results of the quality control of the vaccine lyophilisate reconstituted with sterile physiological water were found to comply with the required sterility and titration specifications. The evaluation of the titer of the viral antigen, the standard of which is ≥102.5DICT50 per vaccine dose, made it possible to determine an average no loss or no degradation) of 0.09 log 10 ± 0.05 defining a limit of viability of use of five (05) hours after reconstitution of DERMAPOX.
Effects of epoetin alpha subcutaneous injections on MDS patient (Case Report)
Authors: Muna Hamza Al -khawaldeh  , Mohammad Subhi Al-Saudi  , Hashem Sami Alnajdawi  , Laith Karim Lutfi  , Aasem Abdelra’uof Rawshdeh  , Majdi Hasan Aljedayeh
Published: February 2025

Spontaneous splenic rupture is an exceedingly rare condition, with no documented cases occurring in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In this case study, we have reported a patient with low-risk MDS who was treated primarily with Epoetin Alpha subcutaneous injections to manage his Anemia for nearly one year and was subsequently diagnosed with spontaneous splenic rupture in our department, which was treated with urgent splenectomy.
Investigation of Macro-Economic Factors Affecting Financial Fragility in G-20 Countries
Authors: Kadooğlu Aydın Gülden , Büyükoğlu Burak
Published: February 2025

This study examines the macroeconomic factors influencing financial fragility in G-20 countries, including both developed and emerging economies, between 2006 and 2021. The aim is to compare financial fragility in developed and emerging economies and identify key factors contributing to it. The dependent variable used is the financial fragility index, while independent variables include population growth rate, GDP, industrial growth, inflation rate, foreign direct investment, unemployment rate, consumer price index, current account balance, budget deficit, public debt, and import-export coverage ratio. The Dumitrescu-Hurlin Panel Causality Test was employed for the analysis. The findings reveal bidirectional causality between financial fragility and population growth rate, as well as public debt. Additionally, a one-way causality was observed from the unemployment rate to financial fragility and from financial fragility to inflation rate, current account balance, and budget deficit. These results highlight the complex interrelations between macroeconomic indicators and financial fragility, especially in the context of emerging economies.
Küresel Cinsiyet Açıklığı Endeksi Perspektifinden Kadınların Güçlendirilmesi: İzlanda ve Türkiye Karşılaştırması
Authors: Tekkanat Semiha Sultan , Özkara Aişe Nur
Published: February 2025

Kadınların sosyal, ekonomik, politik ve kültürel anlamda yaşamın her alanında kendilerini ifade edebilmeleri, karar alma ve uygulamada söz sahibi olmaları, yerel ve ulusal kalkınma sürecinde kaynak dağıtımından eşit şekilde yararlanmaları “kadının güçlendirilmesi” olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada; kalkınma planlarında kadının yeri incelenmekte, sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri doğrultusunda kadının güçlendirilmesi yönündeki uluslararası gelişmeler ile kadının güçlendirilmesinin ölçülebilmesi amacıyla geliştirilen endekslerden biri olan Küresel Cinsiyet Açıklığı Endeksi detaylı bir şekilde açıklanmaktadır. Dünya Ekonomik Forumu tarafından 2006 yılında geliştirilen ve günümüzde de toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğini ölçmeye çalışan Küresel Cinsiyet Açıklığı Endeksi; ekonomik katılım ve fırsatlar, eğitim, sağlık ve hayatta kalma, siyasi güçlendirmeden oluşan 4 alt endeks ve 14 değişken ile incelenmektedir. Günümüzde 146 ülkeye ait ölçüm ve sıralamanın yer aldığı endekste; İzlanda on beş yıldır ilk sırada yer alırken 2024 yılı itibariyle Türkiye 127. sırada yer almaktadır. Çalışmada; betimleyici araştırma yöntemine dayalı nitel analiz ile birlikte; uluslararası ölçümlerin yapıldığı 2006 ve 2024 yılları arasındaki Küresel Cinsiyet Açıklığı Endeks Raporları’na dayalı İzlanda ve Türkiye’ye yönelik nicel analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile; İzlanda’nın toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğini azaltma yönündeki ulusal politika ve uygulamalarından dersler çıkarılmakta; Türkiye’de toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin azaltılması ve kadının güçlendirilmesine katkıda bulunulması amaçlanmaktadır.
Avrupa’da Yeni Bir Sistem: Avrupa Birliği Göç ve İltica Paktı
Authors: Taşkın Damla , Orallı Levent Ersin
Published: February 2025

Bu çalışmada Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) göç ve iltica konusundaki yeni karar mekanizması sonucu kabul edilen politikaları ve ileriye dönük projeksiyonların analizi yapılmıştır. Günümüzde, AB’nin düzensiz göç ile mücadele çalışmalarında aşırı sağcı ideolojilerin etkisine girmesi, yeni bir göç yönetiminin hazırlanmasını zorunu kılmıştır. Göç ve iltica konusunun son yüzyıl içinde araçsallaşması, Avrupa’nın bu dinamik ve karmaşık nitelikteki soruna ortak çözüm üretme gayesi gütmesine neden olmuştur. Ayrıca yükselen aşırı sağ trendinin seçimlere kadar etki edecek güce ulaşması, Avrupa’nın artık ortak ve bağlayıcı bir göç politikasını kabul etmesine dayanak olmuştur. Bu doğrultuda aşırı sağ ideolojinin ve radikal eylemlerin önlenmesi için göçmen kaçakçılığı, insan ticareti gibi konularında paralel mücadele etme gerekliliğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu durum bağlayıcı bir göç politikasının oluşturulmasına esas teşkil etmiştir. Bu çalışmada, AB’nin göç yönetimi konusundaki politikaları ile aşırı sağ ideolojinin yükselişinin uluslararası toplumuna etkisi tartışılmıştır. Sonuç bölümünde ise 2024 yılında kabul edilen Yeni Göç ve İltica Paktı incelenmiş olup; Ek-1’de yer alan Avrupa Komisyonu ile yapmış olduğumuz yazışma çerçevesinde tespit ve öneriler sunulmuştur.
The trans-spatial urban identity model: Toward an understanding of urban identity in a mediated world
Authors: van Eldik Anne K. , Stoltenberg Daniela , Kneer Julia , Jansz Jeroen
Published: February 2025

Urban identity conceptualizes the role of people’s experiences and ideas about the city in their lives. As the online environment has become an integral part of people’s everyday lives and plays a crucial role in identity construction and self-expression, this paper outlines the role of the online environment in constructing, negotiating, and expressing one’s urban identity. While the original concept and use of urban identity focused solely on the physical, offline environment, the current paper emphasizes the importance of recognizing that, in today’s age, urban identity emerges from the virtual, online environment, too. This paper therefore proposes a model, the trans-spatial urban identity model, which integrates physical and virtual dimensions of urban identity and understands them as layered. The paper concludes with two cases that demonstrate the conceptual model’s value for future research on this subject.
Do tailored interventions increase flu shot intentions?
Authors: Matthijssen Mitchell , van Leeuwen Florian , Cloin Marielle , van de Goor Ien , achterberg peter
Published: February 2025

Interventions to lower vaccine hesitancy often have positive effects among people who hold a favorable attitude towards vaccination and more mixed effects among vaccine-hesitant people. One possible explanation is that the intervention is typically a generic intervention that is not tailored to the specific reason why a particular person is hesitant towards vaccination. The attitude-roots model proposes that interventions are more likely to be successful when tailored to the particular underlying cause or reason for people’s opposition to vaccination. In this study, we tested this proposition by assessing whether a tailored intervention tailored is effective in increasing flu shot intentions. Participants (n = 1,021) reported their flu shot intentions at two-time points and were presented with either a tailored, a generic, or no infographic. Flu shot intentions increased significantly after people were presented with the tailored infographic, but that this increase was not significant compared to participants who were presented with the generic infographic or no infographic. Overall, our findings showed mixed support for the effectiveness of a tailored approach to increase flu shot intentions. This suggests that more research is needed to determine if and how tailored interventions are a viable strategy to reduce vaccination hesitancy.
Weathering the storm: Does recalling a natural disaster drive support for climate mitigation?
Authors: Ladini Riccardo , Moroni Marta
Published: February 2025

Public support for climate action is essential for advancing climate mitigation efforts. However, despite increasing awareness of the urgency of climate change, support for mitigation actions remains relatively low. Therefore, identifying effective ways to enhance public support for climate actions is a key objective for social science research. Our study aims to contribute to this understanding by investigating whether recalling natural disasters, which are becoming increasingly frequent, influences people’s willingness to make sacrifices to mitigate climate change. We analyze two survey experiments carried out in the Italian context testing the effect of recalling two different natural disasters – glaciers collapse and floods – on the willingness to accept limitations to the standard of living to mitigate climate change. We find that recalling natural disasters can impact people’s willingness to accept sacrifices to mitigate climate change. However, we find that this effect is present when the collapse of glaciers is recalled, but it does not hold when floods are recalled. We also find support for the attitudinal updating mechanism: recalling a glacier collapse enhances the willingness to accept sacrifices to mitigate climate change especially among people not believing in the anthropogenic causes of climate change as well as right-wing individuals.
Enhancing Global-scale Urban Land Cover Representation Using Local Climate Zones in the Community Earth System Model
Authors: Sun Yuan , Oleson Keith , Zhao Lei , Mills Gerald , He Cenlin , Demuzere Matthias , Topping David , Zhang Ning , Zheng Zhonghua
Published: February 2025

Urban areas are increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, necessitating accurate simulations of urban climates in Earth system models (ESMs) in support of large-scale urban climate adaptation efforts. ESMs underrepresent urban areas due to their small spatial extent and the lack of detailed urban landscape data. To enhance the accuracy of urban representation, this study integrated the local climate zones (LCZs) scheme within the Community Earth System Model (CESM) to better represent urban heterogeneity. We adopted a modular approach to incorporate the ten built LCZ classes into CESM as a new option in addition to the default urban three-class scheme (i.e., tall building district, high density, and medium density). CESM simulations using the LCZ-based urban characteristics were validated globally at 20 flux tower sites, showing site-averaged improvement in modeling upward longwave radiation (LWup) and anthropogenic heat flux (Qahf), but increased uncertainties in modeling sensible heat flux (Qh). The root-mean-square error between the observed and simulated Qahf using the LCZ decreased by 4% compared to using the default. Model sensitivity experiments revealed that LWup and Qh had comparable sensitivity to LCZ urban morphological and thermal parameter subsets. This study assessed and demonstrated the implementation as the starting point for future work on better resolving urban areas in Earth system modeling.
Rethinking Environmental Sustainability in the Operating Room: Beyond the Reusability Assumption for Surgical Instruments
Authors: Marsili Francesca
Published: February 2025

Addressing the climate crisis is an urgent global priority, yet the healthcare sector continues to face significant challenges in implementing long-term green solutions. The sector accounts for 4.4% of global carbon emissions, with an even greater impact of 7% in the Netherlands. The latest Dutch report- Barometer Groene OK- proposes ten key measures to reduce the healthcare carbon footprint, including a shift from disposable to reusable materials. Although reusable instruments are often promoted as a sustainable alternative, their environmental impact within healthcare is contentious due to resource-intensive sterilization procedures. This critical commentary evaluates the environmental implications of reusable versus disposable surgical instruments, drawing on insights from the existing literature. Although further research is necessary, the initial findings suggest that, under current sterilization practices, disposable instruments may still have a lower environmental impact. At present, the assumption that reusable instruments are inherently more sustainable is overly simplistic. The adoption of sustainable packaging and the optimization of sterilization processes are essential steps to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of reusable instruments; however, these advancements may require several years to develop and to achieve widespread implementation. Switching prematurely to reusable surgical instruments can inadvertently increase the environmental footprint of the sector. Instead, a gradual transition - emphasising sustainable manufacturing of disposable instruments - alongside advances in sterilisation procedures - offers a more balanced and effective pathway toward sustainability in healthcare.