bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corona: stresstest voor het binnenlands bestuur?
Authors: van den Berg Caspar , Boogaard Geerten , Dreef Sofie , Geertjes Gert Jan
Published: October 2021

Corona: stress test for local government?

In the Netherlands, the first period of the fight against the corona virus, which lasted from March, 1 until December 1, 2020, can be seen as a unique experiment. During this period, the 25 chairs of the ‘safety regions’ (veiligheidsregio’s), who are simultaneously the major of an important municipality in their region, were authorized for the first time to issue the most essential measures to tackle a national health crisis, partly on the binding advice of the Dutch health minister. The chairs of the safety regions gathered in the so-called ‘safety convention’ (veiligheidsberaad), in which they aimed to nationally coordinate their respective local measures. In this paper, we argue that the involvement of the safety regions provided a structure in which all local office holders in their respective regions (both on the municipal and the safety region level) could co-operate in the nation-wide fight against the pandemic, while at the same time take into account the existing (cultural) differences between the 25 regions.
Wetenschappelijk advies en coronabeleid: een bestuurskundige reflectie
Authors: de Bruijn Hans , van der Steen Martijn
Published: October 2021

Scientific advice and COVID-19-policy: a public administration perspective

This paper takes a public administration lens to look at the relationship between scientific knowledge en policy making during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemix in The Netherlands. Policy makers portrayed an eagerness for scientific knowledge to help them make ‘the right decisions’, and many scientist were just as eager to answer the call. However, there are many dilemmas involved in the relationship between policy making and scientific advice. How can de the relationship between science and policy best be organized? What scientific dicisplines and subsidsciplines should be involved? And what is the specific role of social sciences in policy advice?
Development of contactless measurement device for overhead contact line
Authors: Matsumura Itaru , Nezu Kazuyoshi , Kawabata Takuro , Watabe Yusuke
Published: October 2021

In order to reduce maintenance labor of overhead contact lines (OCL), a contactless measurement device for OCL was developed. This device is mounted on a roof of a vehicle of a train and measures static three-dimensional positions of wires of OCL and detects positions of OCL fittings without touching the OCL while the train is running. We proposed hybrid sensing method that combines stereo measurement by image processing with structure measurement by laser range scanners and it realized to measure OCL geometry with high-precision even in sections with complicated OCL structure. In addition, we developed position detection method of the OCL fittings that can cope with changes in height and stagger of OCL by using machine learning. Measurement data of OCL contactless measurement device is static position of OCL without influence of a probe such as a pantograph. With this device, the OCL static position can be measured continuously instead of at each support point or dropper point. For maintenance of OCL, the criterion of OCL is defined as a static position. The device is utilizable for OCL maintenance and it sophisticate maintenance of OCL. For example, this device realize the height difference measurement of the crossing section, which has been conventionally measured by maintenance workers. In addition, the device are utilizable for OCL fittings inspection. Maintenance workers can check the image of OCL fittings without on foot into the field. Furthermore the static position data of OCL can be used to create simulation model of OCL dynamic behavior. Using this model, it is possible to know the dynamic response of cases where various pantographs pass at various speeds. Running tests was conducted on commercial line, and the performance of the device was verified when running at a speed of 130 km/h. The results shown that the repeated measurement accuracy is within 10 mm, and the OCL fitting detection rate is 90 % or more.
Methodology of green runoff drainage design for urban streets
Authors: Trofimenko Yuri V. , Nemchinov Dmitri M. , Evstigneeva Natalia A. , Lobikov Aleksey V. , Yu. V. Evstigneeva
Published: October 2021

The main provisions of the methodology for calculating and designing a "green drainage system" of surface runoff from the road network of settlements that are not equipped with an underground drainage and treatment system are given. Requirements for the "green drainage system" of surface runoff from urban streets that are not equipped with an underground drainage system are formulated. The requirements include the treatment degree of surface runoff, filtration rate, comfort of the visual environment, safety and convenience for pedestrians and bicyclists, technologies of winter maintenance. The main pollutants of surface runoff for different categories of Russian streets are identified. The composition and depth of filtration media, its operating life, types of green plants are determined depending on the composition of pollutants, their typical concentrations, the collection area of surface runoff and the composition of native soils. Examples of the most effective design solutions for the "green drainage system" and treatment of surface runoff from the road network are given.
Performance analysis of flexible pavements with base lime
Authors: Souliman Mena I. , Bastola Nitish R.
Published: October 2021

The performance of the pavement is influenced by several factors, such as the pavement structure, materials, traffic, and climate conditions. These factors affect the pavement response, mainly the compressive strain developed at the top of each layer and the tensile strain developed at the bottom of the asphalt concrete layer, resulting in various forms of distresses, such as fatigue cracking. The materials used in the construction of these layers are equally important for the long-term performance of the pavements as well as its structural stability. Aggregates are the most used materials in the construction of base layers in a flexible pavement structure. Moreover, the aggregate used in the base layer provides foundation for the overlying layers and needs to have enough strength, but due to the scarcity of quality materials and the rising demand, base layers are often treated with different types of stabilizing agents. In this study, various mechanistic analyses are performed using the 3-D Move Analysis software to study the effects of lime as a stabilizing agent on fatigue resistance performance. These analyses showed that the use of lime as a stabilizing agent increased the pavement performance up to 48 % for fatigue cracking resistance when compared to untreated base layers. The cost-effectiveness analysis also showed that the use of stabilizing agents would reduce the long-term cost of pavement as compared to untreated bases. The overall cost efficiency of the lime treated base is found to be 1.68 times the untreated base.
Waste rubber - sustainable pavements solution?
Authors: Zagvozda Martina , Zvonarić Matija , Cuculić Marijana , Pranjić Ivana
Published: October 2021

Cement bound base courses increase pavement bearing capacity and resistance to detrimental effects of frost along with being a good base for surface courses. Due to its stiffness, cement bound base courses reduce vertical deflections and tensile stress in asphalt layers thus reducing fatigue and appearance of alligator cracks in asphalt. But, in order to generate required layer strength and stiffness of cement bound base, appropriate amount of cement is necessary. This in turn can cause shrinkage induced cracks which spread towards surface courses and cause accelerated deterioration of pavements. To prevent rapid deterioration of pavement surface layers and occurrence of reflective cracking, incorporation of recycled rubber from waste tire in mixtures for cement bound base courses is currently being considered. In this paper a short review of waste tire application and its behaviour in pavement structures will be shown. In addition, planned methodology and activities that are going to be conducted with in a research project are going to be discussed.
Review of the Remetinec roundabout reconstruction project in Zagreb
Authors: Kralj Stjepan , Mujčić Sukalić Nataša
Published: October 2021

A very complex problem of the main roundabout projects development concerning the solutions given in the location permit and preliminary design, as well as new knowledge about communal infrastructure is given. Based on the new geodetic survey, subsequent requirements of the audit, investors, and obtained special conditions, it was necessary to adapt the technical solutions of the preliminary design. Particularly demanding work was defining the protection of the construction pit. The solution foreseen by the preliminary design and location permit for the works to be carried out under the traffic could not have survived, because of the technological reasons for the construction of the underpass and the very complex situation with the installations at that location. These facts required a complete suspension of traffic at the site and finding solutions to the temporary traffic regulation around the site. This was an unplanned and very demanding moment, given that the daily traffic at the intersection was around one hundred thousand vehicles a day. The solution to this problem was found in the construction of a temporary road, which conducts traffic through and around the construction site, thus enabling the smooth technological and technical organization of works while simultaneously conducting public and individual traffic to and from the city.
Comparative study on the design methods for fly ash-flexible pavement
Authors: Adedeji Jacob Adedayo , Abejide Samuel Olugbenga , Mostafa Mohamed M. Hassan
Published: October 2021

Advancement in the design of pavement structures in the recent decade has brought about the use of finite element modelling (FEM) tools. Numerical simulation of flexible pavement through these models are yielding positive results and enhancing pavement design year after year. Various factors contribute to this success; yet, material characterization model in FEM is a major/critical factor. However, in using FEM, there are various material characterization input methods which are; input through laboratory testing; secondly, through correlation and lastly a backward calculation from deflection measurements. Overall, input methods are more realistic and give a better understanding of the mechanical behaviour of the material, nevertheless quite difficult to obtain. Although, the use of fly-ash stabilizer in pavement structure is not new yet its use has not been fully implemented in FEM design. As a result, a comparative study is considered based on input and correlation parameters on fly ash stabilized flexible pavement using Abaqus. Furthermore, the results show that the material input method provides better results and gives some amount of certainty on the design life of the pavement.
Durability of the Life Insurance Contract in the Light of Requirements Related to Anti-Money Laundering and Counteracting the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT requirements
Authors: Strąk Dorota
Published: October 2021

According to Article 830 § 3 of the Civil Code, the insurer may terminate a life insurance contract only in cases specified in the law. In the current legal framework, it is assumed that no civil law regulations give the insurer the possibility to terminate the life insurance contract. However, it is not clear whether the durability of a life insurance contract is subject to change in the light of public law AML/CFT regulations, i.e. where the insurer is unable to implement any financial security measures laid down in the legislation regarding customer due diligence.
This article attempts to answer the question whether the principle of the protection of life insurance durability stipulated by law takes precedence over the insurer’s obligations resulting from AML/CFT regulations, and whether this principle could lead to the insurer’s exposure, as an obligated institution, to the risk of infringing AML/CFT regulations
Role of Spiral Steroids in Pregnancy and Pre-Eclampsia
Authors: Chasalow Fred
Published: October 2021

My laboratory discovered a new type of steroids. The structure of these steroids is unique in three ways: (i) they have 23, 24 or 25 carbon atoms – no other known vertebrate steroid has more than 21 carbon atoms; (ii) they are phosphodiesters – no other steroid phosphodiesters are known; and (iii) some of them have a spiral steroid at carbon 17 – no other endogenous spiral steroids are known. In total, our laboratory had elucidated the structure and path of biosynthesis for more than 20 related compounds. We have developed an LC–MS method and a MS–MS method to measure the compounds in small samples (< 1 ml). Synthetic compounds with similar spiral steroids (e.g., spironolactone) function as potassium sparing hormones but there were no known endogenous hormones with this function. We propose that the natural spiral steroids have that function. Endogenous compounds with these functions would have important roles in the physiology of pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, and eclampsia. This chapter will review the proposed physiology and pathology of the spiral steroids during pregnancy. There are many details to confirm but this is a useful paradigm.
Impact of Self-Selected Customized Orthotics on Lower Limbs Biomechanics
Authors: Dourthe Benjamin , Osterloh Judith , Von Tscharner Vinzenz , Nigg Sandro , M. Nigg Benno
Published: October 2021

Customized insoles are commonly prescribed to prevent or treat a variety of foot pathologies and to reduce foot and lower limb fatigue. Due to the patient-specific design and production of such orthotics, the concept of self-selected customized orthotics (SSCO) has recently been developed. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of SSCO technology on several physiological and biomechanical variables during uphill power walking. Thirty male participants underwent an uphill power walking intervention at constant speed in two insoles conditions (control and SSCO). The electromyographic (EMG) activity of their right gastrocnemii and vastii muscles was measured. Perceived fatigue was assessed every 5 minutes and the intervention stopped when the targeted fatigue level was reached. Baseline and post-intervention assessments were also performed. Sixty-three percent of the participants experienced an improvement in foot fatigue while wearing the SSCO. The foot arch seemed to collapse less when participants wore the SSCO, but statistical significance was not reached. The changes in mean EMG activity was not consistent between the 50% isometric contraction and the walking trial. In conclusion, while some interesting trends were observed when wearing SSCO, further investigations should be performed to try and reach statistical significance.
Effects of High-Power Laser Heat Input on the Mechanical Properties of GPa-Grade Advanced High Strength TRIP Steel
Authors: Nam Sangwoo , Lee Hyung Won , Kim Cheolhee , Jung Chul-Young , KIm Yonung-Min
Published: October 2021

Welding and local heat treatment with a high-power laser for GPa-grade transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel were studied. When the focal length and scan speed were controlled under a fixed laser power, defect-free full penetration conditions were achieved at various heat inputs. The effects of laser heat input on the mechanical properties of the steel were evaluated. The results showed that a softened zone was lowered to 350 HV of hardness by tempered martensite under all laser conditions. As the heat input increased, the zone became wider. When an appropriate heat input of 20-60 mm/J was irradiated, the tensile strength and elongation were improved as compared with the base material. Under these conditions, the softened zone was significantly narrowed by the TRIP effect under tensile stress, and base metal fracture occurred. In addition, the laser increased the hardness in the weld metal and further activated the TRIP effect of the retained austenite. However, at a heat input of 90 J/mm, the TRIP effect was limited in the tensile test due to the wide softened zone and the increased hardness of sub-critical heat affected zone during the laser process. In this study, the effective heat input of the laser formed a full-penetration joint and locally enhanced strength and elongation simultaneously.
Communicating Certainty in Pathology Reports
Authors: Gibson Blake A. , McKinnon Elizabeth , Bentley Rex C. , Mohlman Jeffrey , Witt Benjamin L. , Yang Eric J. , Geisler Daniel , DeFrances Marie
Published: October 2021

Context.—

Pathology reports are the main modality in which results are communicated to other physicians. For various reasons, the diagnosis may be qualified on a spectrum of uncertainty.

Objective.—

To examine how communication of uncertainty is an unexamined source of possible medical error. No study to our knowledge has examined pathology reports across multiple institutions. This study seeks to identify commonly used phrases of diagnostic uncertainty and their interpreted meanings by surgical pathologists and clinicians.

Design.—

Anonymous surveys were completed at 3 major US academic institutions by 18 practicing staff pathologists, 12 pathology residents, 53 staff clinicians, and 50 resident/allied health professional clinicians at 5 standard tumor boards. All participants rated percentage certainty associated with 7 diagnostic terms. Pathologists answered 2 questions related to the ability to clarify a diagnosis using a comment and comfort wording pathology reports. Clinicians answered questions on how often they read a pathology report comment, if they found the comment helpful, and how comfortable they were in reading pathology reports.

Results.—

A wide range in percentage certainty was found for each of the 7 diagnostic phrases. Both staff and resident clinicians and residents showed wide variability in interpreting the phrases. Twenty-five of 50 staff clinicians (52%) were very comfortable reading a pathology report, whereas only 4 of 53 resident clinicians (8%) were very comfortable reading a pathology report. Twenty-four of 53 staff clinicians (63%) reported always reading the comment, yet only 20 of 53 (27%) always found the comment helpful. The phrases “diagnostic of” and “consistent with” had the strongest agreement in meaning. The weakest agreement was between “suspicious for” and “compatible with.”

Conclusions.—

Efforts to standardize diagnostic terms may improve communication.
An Analysis of an Inventory of Community Resilience
Frameworks
Authors: Loerzel Jarrod , Dillard Maria
Published: October 2021

This data article provides details of an analysis of an inventory of 56 community resilience frameworks. In this article, a description of how the inventory data was catalogued is presented. Section 3 outlines the categories used to analyze the frameworks as well as the categories used to bin the indicators and measures used in each. Section 3.1 describes the results of the categorization process for the 56 resilience frameworks. Section 3.2 outlines the results of the categorization of the 3,298 indicators used in each framework. Section 3.3 describes the 7,165 measures used in the 56 frameworks.
Certification of Standard Reference Material 2386 avocado powder
Authors: Phillips Melissa M
Published: October 2021

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recently released SRM 2386 Avocado Powder which has value assignment for over 70 analytes. This material has certified values assigned for 22 analytes and non-certified values assigned for 53 analytes and is intended to be used for the evaluation of methods for the determination of elements, vitamins, amino acids, fatty acids, and proximates in this and similar matrices. The material was purchased pre-packaged from a commercial vendor and data was obtained from NIST and interlaboratory comparison exercises. A description of the material, sample preparations, results, and data analysis are discussed in the following report.
Rīgas Politehniskā institūta absolventa igauņu arhitekta Karla Tarvasa (1885–1975) ieguldījums Igaunijas arhitektūrā starpkaru laikā
Authors: Mälk Sandra
Published: October 2021

Rīgas Politehnikums (RP) / Rīgas Politehniskais institūts (RPI) 19. gadsimtā un 20. gadsimta sākumā bija vienīgā augstākās izglītības iestāde tagadējo Baltijas valstu teritorijā, kur bija iespējams iegūt augstāko tehnisko izglītību. Tajā studēja arī pazīstami igauņu arhitekti, inženieri un rūpnieki. Viņu vidū – pazīstamais igauņu arhitekts Karls Tarvass (Karl Tarvas; 1885–1975), kurš studēja RPI no 1906. līdz 1915. gadam. Viņa radošais mantojums būtiski ietekmēja un veidoja Tallinas un tās priekšpilsētu arhitektūru 1920.–1940. gadā. Starpkaru laikā Igaunijas Republikā K. Tarvass apzināti izvēlējās uzlabot mazāk turīgo iedzīvotāju dzīves apstākļus, projektējot tipveida koka ēkas, ko mūsdienās pazīstam ar nosaukumu Tallinas māja (igauņu val. – Tallina maja). Pētījuma rezultātā sniegts ieskats K. Tarvasa studiju gados un izvērtēta viņa profesionālā darbība. K. Tarvass bija viens no Rīgas Igauņu studentu biedrības (igauņu val. – Riia Eesti Üliõpilaste Selts ( REÜS); dib. 1909) dibinātājiem, kas apvienoja RPI igauņu studentus, kuri 1921. gadā piedalījās Igaunijas Arhitektu asociācijas izveidē (igauņu val. – Eesti Arhitektide Ühing). Arī viņa trīs dēli Pauls, Pēteris un Pertels izvēlējās arhitekta profesiju, pazīstamākais no dēliem ir Pēteris Tarvass (Peeter Tarvas; 1916–1987).

Riga Polytechnicum (RP) / Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) was the only higher education institution in the territory of the present Baltic States where it was possible to obtain higher technical education in the 19th century and early 20th century. Well-known Estonian architects, engineers and industrialists also studied there. Karl Tarvas (1885–1975), a famous Estonian architect, studied at RPI from 1906 to 1915. His creative heritage significantly influenced and shaped the architecture of Tallinn and its suburbs in the 1920s and 1940s. During the Interwar period in the Republic of Estonia, K. Tarvas deliberately chose to i mprove the living conditions of the less affluent population by designing standard wooden buildings, which we now know as the Tallinn House (Estonian: Tallinna maja). This research provides an insight into the study years of K. Tarvas and critically evaluates his professional activity. K. Tarvas w as one of the founders of Riga Estonian Students’ Society (Estonian: Riia Eesti Üliõpilaste Selts; REÜS) established in 1909, which united Estonian students at RPI. He also was among the creators of the Estonian Association of Architects (Estonian: Eesti Arhitektide Ühing) in 1921. His three sons Paul, Peeter and Pärtel also chose the profession of an architect, Peeter Tarvas (1916–1987) was the most prominent of the three.
Rīgas Politehniskā institūta absolventa Jāņa Stiprā (1870–1946) daudzpusīgā pedagoģiskā un sabiedriskā darbība
Authors: Zigmunde Alīda , Stikute Elita
Published: October 2021

Pētījumā atklāta pedagoga, tautsaimnieka un žurnālista Jāņa Stiprā 1870–1946) mērķtiecība, lai iegūtu izglītību, un viņa daudzpusīgā peda¬goģiskā darbība Tomskā (Krievijā), Tukumā, Valkā un Rīgā, ieguldījums žurnā¬listikā, folklorā, sabiedriskajā darbā. J. Stiprais ar Rīgas Politehniskajā institūtā (RPI) iegūtajām zināšanām ekonomikā dalījās ar studentiem Latvijas Universi¬tātē (LU), Latvijas Tautas universitātē un Viļa Olava komerckolā, 20. gadsimta pirmajā pusē bija mācību iestāžu direktors Tukumā, Valkā un Rīgā, darbojās lat¬viešu studentu korporācijā «Selonija», bija viens no 1944. gada 17. marta Latvi¬jas Centrālās Padomes Memoranda parakstītājiem. J. Stiprā nopelni Latvijas labā novērtēti ar Latvijas Republikas augstāko apbalvojumu – Triju Zvaigžņu ordeni.

The research discusses continuous effort of a pedagogue, economist and journalist Jānis Stiprais (1870–1946) in his pursuit to obtain education and his versatile pedagogical activities in Tomsk (Russia), Tukums, Valka and Riga, as well as the contribution he made in such areas as journalism, folklore and social work. J. Stiprais shared his knowledge of economics gained at Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) with the students at the University of Latvia (UL), Latvia People’s University and Vilis Olavs Commercial School; in the first half of the 20th century he was the principal of educational institutions in Tukums, Valka and Riga, he also was one of the signatories of the Memorandum of the Central Council of Latvia on 17 March 1944. In the recognition of J. Stiprais merit for Latvia, he was honoured with the highest award of the Republic of Latvia – the Order of the Three Stars.
Bots and Beasts
Authors: Thagard Paul
Published: October 2021

An expert on the mind considers how animals and smart machines measure up to human intelligence.

Octopuses can open jars to get food, and chimpanzees can plan for the future. An IBM computer named Watson won on Jeopardy! and Alexa knows our favorite songs. But do animals and smart machines really have intelligence comparable to that of humans? In Bots and Beasts, Paul Thagard looks at how computers (“bots”) and animals measure up to the minds of people, offering the first systematic comparison of intelligence across machines, animals, and humans.

Thagard explains that human intelligence is more than IQ and encompasses such features as problem solving, decision making, and creativity. He uses a checklist of twenty characteristics of human intelligence to evaluate the smartest machines—including Watson, AlphaZero, virtual assistants, and self-driving cars—and the most intelligent animals—including octopuses, dogs, dolphins, bees, and chimpanzees. Neither a romantic enthusiast for nonhuman intelligence nor a skeptical killjoy, Thagard offers a clear assessment. He discusses hotly debated issues about animal intelligence concerning bacterial consciousness, fish pain, and dog jealousy. He evaluates the plausibility of achieving human-level artificial intelligence and considers ethical and policy issues. A full appreciation of human minds reveals that current bots and beasts fall far short of human capabilities.
Disturbed retinoid metabolism upon loss of rlbp1a impairs cone function and leads to subretinal lipid deposits and photoreceptor degeneration in the zebrafish retina
Authors: Schlegel Domino K , Ramkumar Srinivasagan , von Lintig Johannes , Neuhauss Stephan CF
Published: October 2021

The RLBP1 gene encodes the 36 kDa cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein, CRALBP, a soluble retinoid carrier, in the visual cycle of the eyes. Mutations in RLBP1 are associated with recessively inherited clinical phenotypes, including Bothnia dystrophy, retinitis pigmentosa, retinitis punctata albescens, fundus albipunctatus, and Newfoundland rod–cone dystrophy. However, the etiology of these retinal disorders is not well understood. Here, we generated homologous zebrafish models to bridge this knowledge gap. Duplication of the rlbp1 gene in zebrafish and cell-specific expression of the paralogs rlbp1a in the retinal pigment epithelium and rlbp1b in Müller glial cells allowed us to create intrinsically cell type-specific knockout fish lines. Using rlbp1a and rlbp1b single and double mutants, we investigated the pathological effects on visual function. Our analyses revealed that rlbp1a was essential for cone photoreceptor function and chromophore metabolism in the fish eyes. rlbp1a-mutant fish displayed reduced chromophore levels and attenuated cone photoreceptor responses to light stimuli. They accumulated 11-cis and all-trans-retinyl esters which displayed as enlarged lipid droplets in the RPE reminiscent of the subretinal yellow-white lesions in patients with RLBP1 mutations. During aging, these fish developed retinal thinning and cone and rod photoreceptor dystrophy. In contrast, rlbp1b mutants did not display impaired vision. The double mutant essentially replicated the phenotype of the rlbp1a single mutant. Together, our study showed that the rlbp1a zebrafish mutant recapitulated many features of human blinding diseases caused by RLBP1 mutations and provided novel insights into the pathways for chromophore regeneration of cone photoreceptors.
Discontinuación de la anticoagulación y sus factores asociados en la fibrilación auricular
Authors: Navarro Estrada José L. , Rossi Emiliano , Sánchez Bustamante Santiago , Gamarra Ana L. , Pérez de Arenaza Diego , Maid Gustavo , Pizarro Rodolfo
Published: October 2021

Introducción: El objetivo del estudio fue comparar si existe diferencia en la discontinuación de los antagonistas de la vitamina K y los anticoagulantes directos y evaluar sus factores asociados en la fibrilación auricular de reciente diagnóstico. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohortes prospectivo. El período de seguimiento fue de 12 meses. Debido a que la asignación del tratamiento no fue al azar, se realizó una ponderación por puntaje de propensión considerando las características basales potencialmente asociadas a la exposición y al resultado. Se evaluaron factores asociados a la discontinuación del anticoagulante mediante un modelo de Cox ponderado. Se incluyeron 379 pacientes con una edad media de 78 años (DE ± 9) y una prevalencia de sexo femenino del 58%. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 362 días (rango intercuartilo: 347-370 días). La pérdida de seguimiento fue del 1%. Resultados: El modelo de tiempo a la discontinuación del tratamiento anticoagulante ponderado evidenció un HR crudo de 1,40 (IC 95%: 0,79-2,48) y uno ajustado por edad, tipo de fibrilación auricular, ablación por radiofrecuencia, sangrado, cantidad de fármacos crónicos y de consultas médicas durante el seguimiento de 1,26 (IC 95%: 0,75-2,12) para el grupo tratado con anticoagulantes directos en comparación con el tratado con antagonistas de la vitamina K. Conclusiones: En nuestro medio, la discontinuación de los anticoagulantes en la fibrilación auricular no se asociaría con el tipo de fármaco empleado, la edad o el tipo de arritmia. La ablación por radiofrecuencia, la ocurrencia de sangrado y el número de consultas médicas se asociaron con la discontinuación.
ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ГИДРОАКУСТИЧЕСКИХ СРЕДСТВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННО-ВРЕМЕННОЙ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТИ СРЕДЫ, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Ермолаев В.И. , Михальчук А.В.
Published: October 2021

Конкретизируются существующие методические подходы к практическому использованию океанологических данных в интересах организации применения гидроакустических средств при ведении поиска районах, характеризующихся высокой изменчивостью среды. На основе анализа публикаций, посвященных описанию систем оперативной океанологии, сформированы количественные характеристики их выходных параметров, являющихся исходными данными для решения задач оптимизации применения гидроакустических средств. Сформулирована общая постановка задачи оптимального управления гидроакустическими средствами в условиях пространственно-временной изменчивости среды. Приведено решение задачи оптимального управления с использованием метода районирования и математического аппарата теории поиска. Показана роль и место систем гидроакустических расчетов при решении задачи оптимизации. В качестве методического подхода предложено использование объема зон наблюдения как универсального параметра, характеризующего интегральную оценку влияния среды, параметров и режимов работы гидроакустических средств на их возможности. Приведен пример, иллюстрирующий методические подходы к оптимизации применения гидроакустических средств при решении задачи поиска подвижным наблюдателем в океанском районе с высокой пространственно-временной изменчивостью. Сделаны выводы о возможности распространения приведенных в статье методических подходов на решение задачи оптимизации применения гидроакустических средств группы подвижных наблюдателей, а также на решение задачи оптимизации скрытности действий наблюдателя в условиях пространственно-временной изменчивости среды. В заключении приводятся рекомендации по построению программных и программно-аппаратных средств, обеспечивающих решение прикладных задач, использующих данные оперативной океанологии.
ИНТРУЗИИ СОЛЕНЫХ ВОД В ДЕЛЬТУ ДОНА: ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ И ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Клещенков А.В. , Московец А.Ю.
Published: October 2021

Наблюдающиеся в настоящее время в регионе в целом и в устьевой области Дона в частности последствия изменения климата определяют комплекс негативных эффектов. Происходящие во взаимосвязи рост уровня Азовского моря и Таганрогского залива, увеличение высоты и повторяемости нагонов, сокращение твердого и жидкого стока Дона, осолонение Таганрогского залива, увеличение вклада морских факторов в развитие дельты Дона приводят к интенсификации интрузий соленых вод в дельту Дона. В таких условиях поступление соленых вод в водозаборы городов Азова и Таганрога может происходить в будущем все чаще. Это уже стало ощутимой проблемой для жителей Приазовья в сентябре 2014 г., декабре 2015 г. и феврале 2021 г. Приведены данные о характеристиках интрузий, таких как длительность проникновения и тип перемешивания. Поступление соленых вод в дельту Дона носит, как правило, непродолжительный характер и связано преимущественно с нагонными явлениями. Интенсивное ветровое воздействие во время нагона во многом объясняет преобладание вертикального перемешивания, характеризующегося слабой стратификацией. Представлены результаты расчета дальности проникновения соленых вод. Изменившиеся природные условия привели к тому, что в настоящее время наблюдается увеличение дальности проникновения соленых вод в 2–3 раза по сравнению со второй половиной прошлого века. Проведена оценка последствий осолонения для водоснабжения и качества поступающей воды. Приводятся рекомендации по преодолению негативных последствий поступления соленых вод в дельту Дона.
A Study on Antenna of Low-Probability of Intercept for LOS Datalink System
Authors: Park Jinwoo , Yu Byunggil , Jung Euntae , Park Ilhyun , Seo Jongwoo , Jung Jaesoo
Published: October 2021

In this paper, an array antenna for LOS datalink for mounting UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) of low-probability of intercept is presented. For low RCS, radome was designed by conformal form, and other components were inserted into the UAV. The antenna of the transmitter and receiver are each composed of 12×12 array antennas, and include a beam steering function by controlling the phase of the unit element for the Uni-directional pattern and the Bi-directional pattern. As a result of the measurement of the manufactured antenna, it was confirmed that all the required specifications were met, and the installing possibility of the UAV platform on low-probability of intercept in the future was confirmed.
Early assessment of circulating tumor DNA after curative‐intent resection predicts tumor recurrence in early‐stage and locally advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Waldeck Silvia , Mitschke Jan , Wiesemann Sebastian , Rassner Michael , Andrieux Geoffroy , Deuter Max , Mutter Jurik , Lüchtenborg Anne‐Marie , Kottmann Daniel , Titze Laurin , Zeisel Christoph , Jolic Martina , Philipp Ulrike , Lassmann Silke , Bronsert Peter , Greil Christine , Rawluk Justyna , Becker Heiko , Isbell Lisa , Müller Alexandra , Doostkam Soroush , Passlick Bernward , Börries Melanie , Duyster Justus , Wehrle Julius , Scherer Florian , von Bubnoff Nikolas
Published: October 2021

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has demonstrated great potential as a noninvasive biomarker to assess minimal residual disease (MRD) and profile tumor genotypes in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, little is known about its dynamics during and after tumor resection, or its potential for predicting clinical outcomes. Here, we applied a targeted‐capture high‐throughput sequencing approach to profile ctDNA at various disease milestones and assessed its predictive value in patients with early‐stage and locally advanced NSCLC. We prospectively enrolled 33 consecutive patients with stage IA to IIIB NSCLC undergoing curative‐intent tumor resection (median follow‐up: 26.2 months). From 21 patients, we serially collected 96 plasma samples before surgery, during surgery, 1–2 weeks postsurgery, and during follow‐up. Deep next‐generation sequencing using unique molecular identifiers was performed to identify and quantify tumor‐specific mutations in ctDNA. Twelve patients (57%) had detectable mutations in ctDNA before tumor resection. Both ctDNA detection rates and ctDNA concentrations were significantly higher in plasma obtained during surgery compared with presurgical specimens (57% versus 19% ctDNA detection rate, and 12.47 versus 6.64 ng·mL−1, respectively). Four patients (19%) remained ctDNA‐positive at 1–2 weeks after surgery, with all of them (100%) experiencing disease progression at later time points. In contrast, only 4 out of 12 ctDNA‐negative patients (33%) after surgery experienced relapse during follow‐up. Positive ctDNA in early postoperative plasma samples was associated with shorter progression‐free survival (P = 0.013) and overall survival (P = 0.004). Our findings suggest that, in early‐stage and locally advanced NSCLC, intraoperative plasma sampling results in high ctDNA detection rates and that ctDNA positivity early after resection identifies patients at risk for relapse.
The interplay between pathogens and Atg8 family proteins: thousand‐faced interactions
Authors: Tóth Dávid , Horváth Gábor V. , Juhász Gábor
Published: October 2021

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation and recycling process that can also remove pathogenic intracellular bacteria and viruses from within cells (referred to as xenophagy) and activate the adaptive immune responses. But autophagy—especially Atg proteins including Atg8 family members—can also have proviral and probacterial effects. In this review, we summarize known interactions of bacterial, parasitic, and viral proteins with Atg8 family proteins and the outcome of these interactions on pathogen replication, autophagy, or mitophagy. We discuss the value of prediction software and the research methodology in the study of pathogen protein‐Atg8 family protein interactions, with selected examples of potential LC3‐interacting region motif‐containing SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins.
Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Giansiracusa Marcus J. , Gransbury Gemma K. , Chilton Nicholas F. , Mills David P.
Published: October 2021

Single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) are finite molecular species that display slow relaxation of their magnetization, equivalent to a magnetic memory effect. In this article, we give an overview of how SMM behavior can arise from the spin properties of a giant molecular spin or unpaired electrons on a single metal center. We outline the criteria for obtaining SMM properties, and how these have developed through theoretical insight to lead to the rapid advancement of SMM performance. We discuss the progression of the field from the original Mn
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polymetallic cluster, to carefully engineered coordination complexes of Ln ions. Classes of compounds discussed include 3d, 3d–4f and 4f polymetallic clusters, 3d and 4f monometallic complexes, and homo‐ and hetero‐metallic exchange‐coupled SMMs, including those bridged by radical ligands and/or encapsulated in endohedral fullerenes. The state of the art in SMMs is discussed, leaving the reader with an up‐to‐date understanding of theory and synthetic design, with references to comprehensive reviews.

For readers new or returning to the area, we highlight the standard experiments used to characterize SMMs—including magnetic hysteresis, zero‐field cooled/field cooled magnetic susceptibility, alternating current susceptibility, and magnetization decay measurements. We highlight the common pitfalls often encountered in the literature in measurements, data analysis, and structural correlation of properties. We aim to provide a clear background for relaxation mechanisms in SMMs and the quantification of performance using energy barriers, blocking temperatures, and relaxation rate. The reader is directed toward a series of proof‐of‐concept publications which have spearheaded the implementation of SMMs toward future applications in high‐density data storage, quantum information processing, and spintronics.
In Situ Deployment of Engineered Extracellular Vesicles into the Tumor Niche via Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells
Authors: Duarte‐Sanmiguel Silvia , Panic Ana , Dodd Daniel J. , Salazar‐Puerta Ana , Moore Jordan T. , Lawrence William R. , Nairon Kylie , Francis Carlie , Zachariah Natalie , McCoy William , Turaga Rithvik , Skardal Aleksander , Carson William E. , Higuita‐Castro Natalia , Gallego‐Perez Daniel
Published: October 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising carrier system for the delivery of therapeutic payloads in multiple disease models, including cancer. However, effective targeting of EVs to cancerous tissue remains a challenge. Here, it is shown that nonviral transfection of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) can be leveraged to drive targeted release of engineered EVs that can modulate transfer and overexpression of therapeutic anticancer genes in tumor cells and tissue. MDSCs are immature immune cells that exhibit enhanced tropism toward tumor tissue and play a role in modulating tumor progression. Current MDSC research has been mostly focused on mitigating immunosuppression in the tumor niche; however, the tumor homing abilities of these cells present untapped potential to deliver EV therapeutics directly to cancerous tissue. In vivo and ex vivo studies with murine models of breast cancer show that nonviral transfection of MDSCs does not hinder their ability to home to cancerous tissue. Moreover, transfected MDSCs can release engineered EVs and mediate antitumoral responses via paracrine signaling, including decreased invasion/metastatic activity and increased apoptosis/necrosis. Altogether, these findings indicate that MDSCs can be a powerful tool for the deployment of EV‐based therapeutics to tumor tissue.
Wireless Multifunctional Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor for Magnetic Field and Temperature Monitoring
Authors: Yang Yang , Mengue Prince , Mishra Harshad , Floer Cécile , Hage‐Ali Sami , Petit‐Watelot Sébastien , Lacour Daniel , Hehn Michel , Han Tao , Elmazria Omar
Published: October 2021

A one‐port surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator based on Co40–Fe40–B20/SiO2/ZnO/quartz multilayer structure and exhibiting a dual mode, Rayleigh and Love wave modes, is investigated to achieve a multifunctional sensor measuring both temperatures and magnetic fields. The Rayleigh wave mode of the resonator is used for temperature measurement with a temperature sensitivity of −37.9 ppm/°C, and the Love wave mode is used for magnetic field measurement. Co40‐Fe40‐B20is the magnetic sensitive layer, and quartz crystal is the piezoelectric substrate. ZnO film is also a piezoelectric but considered here in combination with SiO2as insulating layers and serves to control impedance matching and temperature dependence of the sensor. ZnO and SiO2thicknesses are selected to realize temperature compensation for the Love wave mode and making this mode highly sensitive to magnetic fields and insensitive to temperatures. The magnetic field sensitivities of −170.4 kHz m−1T−1and −621.6 kHz m−1T−1are obtained respectively for the fundamental and the third harmonic of the Love wave mode. The proposed structure is beneficial to design reliable hybrid SAW magnetic field and temperature sensors.
A Generic Protocol for Highly Reproducible Manufacturing of Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Using In‐Situ Photoluminescence Monitoring
Authors: Luo Zhongming , Liu Baoxing , Luo Xi , Zheng Ting , Deng Sunbin , Chen Rongsheng , Tian BingBing , Xu Ping , Kwok Hoi‐Sing , Li Guijun
Published: October 2021

Halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) have raised considerable attention due to their high color purity and rapid development performance. Although high‐efficiency PLEDs have been continuously and repeatedly reported, the lack of a highly reproducible manufacturing process for PLEDs hinders their future development and commercialization. Here, a generic protocol for rational control of the nucleation and crystallization process of the perovskite emission layer is reported. Through the monitoring of the photoluminescence during spin‐coating, the antisolvent dripping time can be precisely determined. Therefore, it is possible to repeatedly produce a perovskite emission layer with high PLQY, smooth surface/interface, and good homogeneity. As a result, high‐performance PLEDs are easily obtained. Moreover, the standard deviation of the fabricated PLEDs performance is smaller than 0.8%, showing high reproducibility independent of the process conditions such as the process temperature, solvent atmosphere, and spin‐coating parameters, which highlights the statement of the importance of rationally control of the antisolvent process. The methodology provides important progress towards highly reproducible manufacturing of PLEDs for practical applications.
Laser Micromachining of Magnetoactive Elastomers as Enabling Technology for Magnetoresponsive Surfaces
Authors: Kravanja Gaia , Belyaeva Inna A. , Hribar Luka , Drevenšek‐Olenik Irena , Shamonin Mikhail , Jezeršek Matija
Published: October 2021

A simple method for structuring of the surface of a magnetoactive elastomer (MAE) on the tens of micrometers scale, which capabilities extend beyond conventional mold‐based polymer casting, is reported. The method relies on the ablation of the material by absorption of nanosecond infrared pulses from a commercial laser. It is shown that it is possible to fabricate parallel lamellar structures with a high aspect ratio (up to 6:1) as well as structures with complex scanning trajectories. The method is fast (fabrication time for the 7 × 7 mm2 is about 60 s), and the results are highly reproducible. To illustrate the capabilities of the fabrication method, both orthogonal to the MAE surface and tilted lamellar structures are fabricated. These magnetosensitive lamellae can be easily bent by ±45° using an external magnetic field of about 230 mT. It is demonstrated that this bending allows one to control the sliding angle of water droplets in a great range between a sticky (>90°) and a sliding state (<20°). Perspectives on employing this fabrication technology for magnetosensitive smart surfaces in microfluidic devices and soft robotics are discussed.
Ultrahigh Spatial Resolution, Fast Decay, and Stable X‐Ray Scintillation Screen through Assembling CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals Arrays in Anodized Aluminum Oxide
Authors: Li Huihui , Yang Heng , Yuan Rui , Sun Zhixiang , Yang Yunling , Zhao Jingtai , Li Qianli , Zhang Zhijun
Published: October 2021

A scintillation screen with ultrahigh spatial resolution, fast decay time, and high stability is the key to commercial application. Herein, a pixelated‐structure scintillation screen of CsPbBr3 nanocrystal arrays based on anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) is reported, and its scintillation properties for X‐ray imaging are explored. It is of note that ultrahigh spatial resolution (2 µm), fast photoluminescence decay time (9 ns), and high stability (>42 d) are successfully achieved by the pixelated CsPbBr3‐AAO arrays scintillation screen. Considering the decent scintillation properties and high stability, one has reason to assume that the pixelated CsPbBr3‐AAO arrays scintillation screen may find an application as a new X‐ray scintillation screen.