bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methylglyoxal-Derived Advanced Glycation Endproducts in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Wetzels Suzan , Wouters Kristiaan , Schalkwijk Casper , Vanmierlo Tim , Hendriks Jerome
Published: February 2017

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The activation of inflammatory cells is crucial for the development of MS and is shown to induce intracellular glycolytic metabolism in pro-inflammatory microglia and macrophages, as well as CNS-resident astrocytes. Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are stable endproducts formed by a reaction of the dicarbonyl compounds methylglyoxal (MGO) and glyoxal (GO) with amino acids in proteins, during glycolysis. This suggests that, in MS, MGO-derived AGEs are formed in glycolysis-driven cells. MGO and MGO-derived AGEs can further activate inflammatory cells by binding to the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). Recent studies have revealed that AGEs are increased in the plasma and brain of MS patients. Therefore, AGEs might contribute to the inflammatory status in MS. Moreover, the main detoxification system of dicarbonyl compounds, the glyoxalase system, seems to be affected in MS patients, which may contribute to high MGO-derived AGE levels. Altogether, evidence is emerging for a contributing role of AGEs in the pathology of MS. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the involvement of AGEs in MS.
Faraday Waves-Based Integrated Ultrasonic Micro-Droplet Generator and Applications
Authors: Tsai Chen , Mao Rong , Tsai Shirley , Shahverdi Kaveh , Zhu Yun , Lin Shih , Hsu Yu-Hsiang , Boss Gerry , Brenner Matt , Mahon Sari , Smaldone Gerald
Published: February 2017

An in-depth review on a new ultrasonic micro-droplet generator which utilizes megahertz (MHz) Faraday waves excited by silicon-based multiple Fourier horn ultrasonic nozzles (MFHUNs) and its potential applications is presented. The new droplet generator has demonstrated capability for producing micro droplets of controllable size and size distribution and desirable throughput at very low electrical drive power. For comparison, the serious deficiencies of current commercial droplet generators (nebulizers) and the other ultrasonic droplet generators explored in recent years are first discussed. The architecture, working principle, simulation, and design of the multiple Fourier horns (MFH) in resonance aimed at the amplified longitudinal vibration amplitude on the end face of nozzle tip, and the fabrication and characterization of the nozzles are then described in detail. Subsequently, a linear theory on the temporal instability of Faraday waves on a liquid layer resting on the planar end face of the MFHUN and the detailed experimental verifications are presented. The linear theory serves to elucidate the dynamics of droplet ejection from the free liquid surface and predict the vibration amplitude onset threshold for droplet ejection and the droplet diameters. A battery-run pocket-size clogging-free integrated micro droplet generator realized using the MFHUN is then described. The subsequent report on the successful nebulization of a variety of commercial pulmonary medicines against common diseases and on the experimental antidote solutions to cyanide poisoning using the new droplet generator serves to support its imminent application to inhalation drug delivery.
A Comparative Analysis of the Chemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antinociceptive Effects of the Essential Oils from Three Species of Mentha Cultivated in Romania
Authors: Mogosan Cristina , Vostinaru Oliviu , Oprean Radu , Heghes Codruta , Filip Lorena , Balica Georgeta , Moldovan Radu
Published: February 2017

This work was aimed at correlating the chemotype of three Mentha species cultivated in Romania with an in vivo study of the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of essential oils. The selected species were Mentha piperita L. var. pallescens (white peppermint), Mentha spicata L. subsp. crispata (spearmint), and Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. (pineapple mint). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the essential oils isolated from the selected Mentha species was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oils was determined by the rat paw edema test induced by λ-carrageenan. The antinociceptive effect of the essential oils was evaluated by the writhing test in mice, using 1% (v/v) acetic acid solution administered intraperitonealy and by the hot plate test in mice. The results showed a menthol chemotype for M. piperita pallescens, a carvone chemotype for M. spicata, and a piperitenone oxide chemotype for M. suaveolens. The essential oil from M. spicata L. (EOMSP) produced statistically significant and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects.
Structure-Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Relationships of Purpurin and Related Anthraquinones in Chemical and Cell Assays
Authors: Nam Woo , Kim Sung , Nam Seok , Friedman Mendel
Published: February 2017

Anthraquinone (9,10-anthraquinone) and several hydroxy derivatives, including purpurin (1,2,4-trihydroxyanthraquinone), anthrarufin (1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone), and chrysazin (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone), were evaluated for antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in chemical assays and mammalian cells (murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells). Several tests were used to assess their activities: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical; ABTS radical cation; hydrogen peroxide scavenging; reduction of potassium ferricyanide; chelation of ferrous ions; inhibition of lipid peroxidation; inhibition of nitric oxide generation; scavenging of the intracellular hydroxyl radical; expression of NLRP3 polypeptide for inflammasome assembly; and quantitation of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β) for inflammasome activation. The results show that purpurin, from the root of the madder plant (Rubia tinctorum L.), exhibited the highest antioxidative activity in both chemical and cultured cell antioxidant assays. The antioxidative activities of the other three anthraquinones were lower than that of purpurin. In addition, purpurin could down-regulate NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation, suggesting that it might protect foods against oxidative damage and prevent in vivo oxidative stress and inflammation. Structure-activity relationships and the significance of the results for food quality and human health are discussed.
Porous Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks
Authors: Han Yi-Fei , Yuan Ying-Xue , Wang Hong-Bo
Published: February 2017

Ordered porous solid-state architectures constructed via non-covalent supramolecular self-assembly have attracted increasing interest due to their unique advantages and potential applications. Porous metal-coordination organic frameworks (MOFs) are generated by the assembly of metal coordination centers and organic linkers. Compared to MOFs, porous hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are readily purified and recovered via simple recrystallization. However, due to lacking of sufficiently ability to orientate self-aggregation of building motifs in predictable manners, rational design and preparation of porous HOFs are still challenging. Herein, we summarize recent developments about porous HOFs and attempt to gain deeper insights into the design strategies of basic building motifs.
Rapid High Performance Liquid Chromatography Determination and Optimization of Extraction Parameters of the α-Asarone Isolated from Perilla frutescens L.
Authors: Hwang Seung , Kwon Shin , Kang Young-Hee , Lee Jae-Yong , Lim Soon
Published: February 2017

Response surface methodology (RSM), based on a central composite design, was used to determine the best liquid-to-raw material ratio (10:3–15 mL/g), extraction time (1–3 h), and ethanol concentration (50%–100%) for maximum content of α-asarone from Perilla frutescens (PF) extract. Experimental values of α-asarone were 9.51–46.36 mg/g; the results fitted a second-order quadratic polynomial model and correlated with the proposed model (R2 > 0.9354). The best conditions were obtained with extraction time of 1.76 h, liquid-to-raw material ratio of 10:13.5 mL/g, and ethanol concentration of 90.37%. Under these conditions, the model predicted extraction content of 40.56 mg/g, while experimental PF content of α-asarone was 43.84 mg/g dried plant. Optimized conditions determined for maximum content of α-asarone were similar to the experimental range. Experimental values agreed with those predicted, thus validating and indicating suitability of both the model and the RSM approach for optimizing extraction conditions. In addition, a reliable, reproducible and accurate method for the quantitative determination of α-asarone by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis was developed with limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) values of 0.10 and 0.29 µg/mL and excellent linearity (R2 > 0.9999).
Characterization, Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Dissolution Studies of Solid Dispersions of 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol
Authors: Zhang Qi , Pu Yiqiong , Wang Bing , Wang Yuqin , Dong Tina , Guo Tao , Zhang Tong , Cai Zhenzhen
Published: February 2017

In this study, we prepared solid dispersions (SDs) of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) using a melting-solvent method with different polymers, in order to improve the solubility and dissolution performance of drugs with poor water solubility. The SDs were characterized via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and molecular docking and dynamics study. DSC and PXRD results indicated that PPD crystallinity in SDs was significantly reduced, and that the majority of PPD is amorphous. No interaction was observed between PPD and polymers on FTIR and NMR spectra. Molecular docking and dynamic calculations indicated that the PPD molecule localized to the interpolated charged surface, rather than within the amorphous polymer chain network, which might help prevent PPD crystallization, consequently enhancing the PPD dispersion in polymers. An in vitro dissolution study revealed that the SDs considerably improved the PPD dissolution performance in distilled water containing 0.35% Tween-80 (T-80). Furthermore, among three PPD-SDs formulations, Poloxamer188 (F68) was the most effective in improving the PPD solubility and was even superior to the mixed polymers. Therefore, the SD prepared with F68 as a hydrophilic polymer carrier might be a promising strategy for improving solubility and in vitro dissolution performance. F68-based SD, containing PPD with a melting-solvent preparation method, can be used as a promising, nontoxic, quick-release, and effective intermediate for other pharmaceutical formulations, in order to achieve a more effective drug delivery.
Biopharmaceutical Characterization and Bioavailability Study of a Tetrazole Analog of Clofibric Acid in Rat
Authors: Vara-Gama Nancy , Valladares-Méndez Adriana , Navarrete-Vazquez Gabriel , Estrada-Soto Samuel , Orozco-Castellanos Luis , Rivera-Leyva Julio
Published: February 2017

In the current investigation, the physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic characterization of a new clofibric acid analog (Compound 1) was evaluated. Compound 1 showed affinity by lipophilic phase in 1 to 5 pH interval, indicating that this compound would be absorbed favorably in duodenum or jejunum. Also, Compound 1 possess two ionic species, first above of pH 4.43 and, the second one is present over pH 6.08. The apparent permeability in everted sac rat intestine model was 8.73 × 10−6 cm/s in duodenum and 1.62 × 10−5 cm/s in jejunum, suggesting that Compound 1 has low permeability. Elimination constant after an oral administration of 50 μg/kg in Wistar rat was 1.81 h−1, absorption constant was 3.05 h−1, Cmax was 3.57 μg/mL at 0.33 h, AUC0–α was 956.54 μ/mL·h and distribution volume was 419.4 mL. To IV administration at the same dose, ke was 1.21 h−1, Vd was 399.6 mL and AUC0–α was 747.81 μ/mL·h. No significant differences were observed between pharmacokinetic parameters at every administration route. Bioavailability evaluated was 10.4%. Compound 1 is metabolized to Compound 2 probably by enzymatic hydrolysis, and it showed a half-life of 9.24 h. With these properties, Compound 1 would be considered as a prodrug of Compound 2 with potential as an antidiabetic and anti dyslipidemic agent.
Iron Supply Affects Anthocyanin Content and Related Gene Expression in Berries of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon
Authors: Shi Pengbao , Li Bing , Chen Haiju , Song Changzheng , Meng Jiangfei , Xi Zhumei , Zhang Zhenwen
Published: February 2017

Anthocyanins are important compounds for red grape and red wine quality, and can be influenced by supply of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and iron. The present work aims to gain a better understanding of the effect of iron supply on anthocyanins concentration in grape berries. To this end, own-rooted four-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines (Vitis vinifera) were fertigated every three days with 0, 23, 46, 92, and 184 μM iron (Fe) from ferric ethylenediamine di (o-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (Fe-EDDHA) in a complete nutrient solution. Fe deficiency or excess generally led to higher concentrations of titratable acidity and skin/berry ratio, and to lower reducing sugar content, sugar/acid ratio, pH, berry weight, and concentration of anthocyanins. Most of the individual anthocyanins detected in this study, except cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-coumaryl)-glucoside, in moderate Fe treatment (46 μM) grapes were significantly higher than those of other treatments. Genes encoding chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX), and anthocyanin O-methyltransferase (AOMT) exhibited higher transcript levels in berries from plants cultivated with 46 μM Fe compared to the ones cultivated with other Fe concentrations. We suggest that grape sugar content, anthocyanins content, and transcriptions of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were correlated with Fe supply concentrations.
Purification and Partial Structural Characterization of a Complement Fixating Polysaccharide from Rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong
Authors: Zou Yuan-Feng , Fu Yu-Ping , Chen Xing-Fu , Austarheim Ingvild , Inngjerdingen Kari , Huang Chao , Eticha Lemlem , Song Xu , Li Lixia , Feng Bin , He Chang-Liang , Yin Zhong-Qiong , Paulsen Berit
Published: February 2017

Rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong is an effective medical plant, which has been extensively applied for centuries in migraine and cardiovascular diseases treatment in China. Polysaccharides from this plant have been shown to have interesting bioactivities, but previous studies have only been performed on the neutral polysaccharides. In this study, LCP-I-I, a pectic polysaccharide fraction, was obtained from the 100 °C water extracts of L. chuangxiong rhizomes and purified by diethylaminethyl (DEAE) sepharose anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Monosaccharide analysis and linkage determination in addition to Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum, indicated that LCP-I-I is a typical pectic polysaccharide, with homo-galacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan type I regions and arabinogalactan type I and type II (AG-I/AG-II) side chains. LCP-I-I exhibited potent complement fixation activity, ICH50 of 26.3 ± 2.2 µg/mL, and thus has potential as a natural immunomodulator.
Anti-Hyperglycemic Activity of Major Compounds from Calea ternifolia
Authors: Escandón-Rivera Sonia , Pérez-Vásquez Araceli , Navarrete Andrés , Hernández Mariana , Linares Edelmira , Bye Robert , Mata Rachel
Published: February 2017

Demethylisoencecalin (1) and caleins A (4) and C (5) (3.16–31.6 mg/kg, p.o.), the major components from an infusion of Calea ternifolia controlled postprandial glucose levels during an oral sucrose tolerance test (OSTT, 3 g/kg) in normal and nicotinamide/streptozotocin (NA/STZ, 40/100 mg/kg) hyperglicemic mice. The effects were comparable to those of acarbose (5 mg/kg). During the isolation of 1, 4, and 5, four additional metabolites not previously reported for the plant, were obtained, namely 6-acetyl-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-hydroxymethyl-2H-chromene (3), herniarin (6), scoparone (7), and 4′,7-dimethylapigenin (8). In addition, the structure of calein C (5) was confirmed by X-ray analysis. Pharmacological evaluation of the essential oil of the species (31.6–316.2 mg/kg, p.o.) provoked also an important decrement of blood glucose levels during an OSTT. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-adsorbed compounds and active essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation revealed that chromene 1 was the major component (19.92%); sesquiterpenes represented the highest percentage of the essential oil content (55.67%) and included curcumene (7.10%), spathulenol (12.95%) and caryophyllene oxide (13.0%). A suitable High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method for quantifying chromenes 1 and 6-hydroxyacetyl-5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene (2) was developed and validated according to standard protocols.
Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi and its Main Essential Oil Constituent Pulegone: Biological Activities and Chemistry
Authors: Božović Mijat , Ragno Rino
Published: February 2017

Medicinal plants play an important role in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, even if their chemical constituents are not always completely recognized. Observations on their use and efficacy significantly contribute to the disclosure of their therapeutic properties. Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi is an aromatic herb with a mint-oregano flavor, used in the Mediterranean areas as a traditional medicine. It has an extensive range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, as well as anti-ulcer and insecticidal properties. This study aims to review the scientific findings and research reported to date on Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi that prove many of the remarkable various biological actions, effects and some uses of this species as a source of bioactive natural compounds. On the other hand, pulegone, the major chemical constituent of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi essential oil, has been reported to exhibit numerous bioactivities in cells and animals. Thus, this integrated overview also surveys and interprets the present knowledge of chemistry and analysis of this oxygenated monoterpene, as well as its beneﬁcial bioactivities. Areas for future research are suggested
Exogenous and Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Protects Gastric Mucosa against the Formation and Time-Dependent Development of Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Lesions Progressing into Deeper Ulcerations
Authors: Magierowski Marcin , Magierowska Katarzyna , Hubalewska-Mazgaj Magdalena , Sliwowski Zbigniew , Pajdo Robert , Ginter Grzegorz , Kwiecien Slawomir , Brzozowski Tomasz
Published: February 2017

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous mediator, synthesized from l-cysteine by cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). The mechanism(s) involved in H2S-gastroprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) lesions and their time-dependent progression into deeper gastric ulcerations have been little studied. We determined the effect of l-cysteine, H2S-releasing NaHS or slow H2S releasing compound GYY4137 on gastric blood flow (GBF) and gastric lesions induced by 30 min of I followed by 3, 6, 24 and 48 h of R. Role of endogenous prostaglandins (PGs), afferent sensory nerves releasing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), the gastric expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α and anti-oxidative enzymes were examined. Rats with or without capsaicin deactivation of sensory nerves were pretreated i.g. with vehicle, NaHS (18–180 μmol/kg) GYY4137 (90 μmol/kg) or l-cysteine (0.8–80 μmol/kg) alone or in combination with (1) indomethacin (14 μmol/kg i.p.), SC-560 (14 μmol/kg), celecoxib (26 μmol/kg); (2) capsazepine (13 μmol/kg i.p.); and (3) CGRP (2.5 nmol/kg i.p.). The area of I/R-induced gastric lesions and GBF were measured by planimetry and H2-gas clearance, respectively. Expression of mRNA for CSE, CBS, 3-MST, HIF-1α, glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-1, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2 and sulfide production in gastric mucosa compromised by I/R were determined by real-time PCR and methylene blue method, respectively. NaHS and l-cysteine dose-dependently attenuated I/R-induced lesions while increasing the GBF, similarly to GYY4137 (90 μmol/kg). Capsaicin denervation and capsazepine but not COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors reduced NaHS- and l-cysteine-induced protection and hyperemia. NaHS increased mRNA expression for SOD-2 and GPx-1 but not that for HIF-1α. NaHS which increased gastric mucosal sulfide release, prevented further progression of acute I/R injury into deeper gastric ulcers at 6, 24 and 48 h of R. We conclude that H2S-induced gastroprotection against I/R-injury is due to increase in gastric microcirculation, anti-oxidative properties and afferent sensory nerves activity but independent on endogenous prostaglandins.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite with Different Dimensions
Authors: Geng Zhen , Yuan Qin , Zhuo Xianglong , Li Zhaoyang , Cui Zhenduo , Zhu Shengli , Liang Yanqin , Liu Yunde , Bao Huijing , Li Xue , Huo Qianyu , Yang Xianjin
Published: February 2017

Nanosized hydroxyapatite (HA) is a promising candidate for a substitute for apatite in bone in biomedical applications. Furthermore, due to its excellent bone bioactivity, nanosized strontium-substituted HA (SrHA) has aroused intensive interest. However, the size effects of these nanoparticles on cellular bioactivity should be considered. In this study, nanosized HA and SrHA with different dimensions and crystallization were synthesized by hydrothermal methods. The phase, crystallization and chemical composition were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. The morphology was observed under field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The degradation behaviors of the samples were monitored by determining the ions release profile with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The releasing behavior of Ca2+ and Sr2+ showed that the degradation rate was proportional to the specific surface area and inversely proportional to crystallization. The in vitro experiment evaluated by MG63 cells showed that SrHA nanorods with a length greater than 100 nm had the best biological performance both in cell proliferation and differentiation (* p < 0.05 compared with HA-1 and SrHA-1; * p < 0.01 compared with HA-2). In addition, HA nanoparticles with a lower aspect ratio had better bioactivity than higher ones (* p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that nanosized HA and SrHA with subtle differences (including dimensions, crystallization, specific surface area, and degradation rate) could affect the cellular growth and thus might have an impact on bone growth in vivo. This work provides a view of the role of nano-HAs as ideal biocompatible materials in future clinical applications.
Dipole Emission to Surface Plasmon-Coupled Enhanced Transmission in Diamond Substrates with Nitrogen Vacancy Center- Near the Surface
Authors: Djalalian-Assl Amir
Published: February 2017

For distances less 10 nm, a total energy transfer occurs from a quantum emitter to a nearby metallic surface, producing evanescent surface waves that are plasmonic in nature. When investigating a metallic nanohole supported on an optically dense substrate (such as diamond with nitrogen vacancy center), the scattering occurred preferentially from the diamond substrate towards the air for dipole distances less 10 nm from the aperture. In addition, an enhancement to the dipole’s radiative decay rate was observed when resonance of the aperture matched the emitters wavelength. The relationship between an emitter and a nearby resonant aperture is shown to be that of the resonance energy transfer where the emitter acts as a donor and the hole as an acceptor. In conjunction with the preferential scattering behavior, this has led to the proposed device that operates in transmission mode, eliminating the need for epi-illumination techniques and optically denser than air superstrates in the collection cycle, hence making the design simpler and more suitable for miniaturization. A design criterion for the surface grating is also proposed to improve the performance, where the period of the grating differs significantly from the wavelength of the surface plasmon polaritons. Response of the proposed device is further studied with respect to changes in nitrogen vacancy’s position and its dipolar orientation to identify the crystallographic planes of diamond over which the performance of the device is maximized.
LiDAR-Assisted Multi-Source Program (LAMP) for Measuring Above Ground Biomass and Forest Carbon
Authors: Kauranne Tuomo , Joshi Anup , Gautam Basanta , Manandhar Ugan , Nepal Santosh , Peuhkurinen Jussi , Hämäläinen Jarno , Junttila Virpi , Gunia Katja , Latva-Käyrä Petri , Kolesnikov Alexander , Tegel Katri , Leppänen Vesa
Published: February 2017

Forest measurement for purposes like harvesting planning, biomass estimation and mitigating climate change through carbon capture by forests call for increasingly frequent forest measurement campaigns that need to balance cost with accuracy and precision. Often this implies the use of remote sensing based measurement methods. For any remote-sensing based methods to be accurate, they must be validated against field data. We present a method that combines field measurements with two layers of remote sensing data: sampling of forests by airborne laser scanning (LiDAR) and Landsat imagery. The Bayesian model-based framework presented here is called Lidar-Assisted Multi-source Programme—or LAMP—for Above Ground Biomass estimation. The method has two variants: LAMP2 which splits the biomass estimation task into two separate stages: forest type stratification from Landsat imagery and mean biomass density estimation of each forest type by LiDAR models calibrated on field plots. LAMP3, on the other hand, estimates first the biomass on a LiDAR sample using models calibrated with field plots and then uses these LiDAR-based models to generate biomass density estimates on thousands of surrogate plots, with which a satellite image based model is calibrated and subsequently used to estimate biomass density on the entire forest area. Both LAMP methods have been applied to a 2 million hectare area in Southern Nepal, the Terai Arc Landscape or TAL to calculate the emission Reference Levels (RLs) that are required for the UN REDD+ program that was accepted as part of the Paris Climate Agreement. The uncertainty of these estimates is studied with error variance estimation, cross-validation and Monte Carlo simulation. The relative accuracy of activity data at pixel level was found to be 14 per cent at 95 per cent confidence level and the root mean squared error of biomass estimates to be between 35 and 39 per cent at 1 ha resolution.
A Review of the Bayesian Occupancy Filter
Authors: Saval-Calvo Marcelo , Medina-Valdés Luis , Castillo-Secilla José , Cuenca-Asensi Sergio , Martínez-Álvarez Antonio , Villagrá Jorge
Published: February 2017

Autonomous vehicle systems are currently the object of intense research within scientiﬁc and industrial communities; however, many problems remain to be solved. One of the most critical aspects addressed in both autonomous driving and robotics is environment perception, since it consists of the ability to understand the surroundings of the vehicle to estimate risks and make decisions on future movements. In recent years, the Bayesian Occupancy Filter (BOF) method has been developed to evaluate occupancy by tessellation of the environment. A review of the BOF and its variants is presented in this paper. Moreover, we propose a detailed taxonomy where the BOF is decomposed into ﬁve progressive layers, from the level closest to the sensor to the highest abstractlevelofriskassessment. Inaddition,wepresentastudyofimplementedusecasestoprovide a practical understanding on the main uses of the BOF and its taxonomy.
Development of a Hybrid Piezo Natural Rubber Piezoelectricity and Piezoresistivity Sensor with Magnetic Clusters Made by Electric and Magnetic Field Assistance and Filling with Magnetic Compound Fluid
Authors: Shimada Kunio , Saga Norihiko
Published: February 2017

Piezoelements used in robotics require large elasticity and extensibility to be installed in an artificial robot skin. However, the piezoelements used until recently are vulnerable to large forces because of the thin solid materials employed. To resolve this issue, we utilized a natural rubber and applied our proposed new method of aiding with magnetic and electric fields as well as filling with magnetic compound fluid (MCF) and doping. We have verified the piezoproperties of the resulting MCF rubber. The effect of the created magnetic clusters is featured in a new two types of multilayered structures of the piezoelement. By measuring the piezoelectricity response to pressure, the synergetic effects of the magnetic clusters, the doping and the electric polymerization on the piezoelectric effect were clarified. In addition, by examining the relation between the piezoelectricity and the piezoresistivity created in the MCF piezo element, we propose a hybrid piezoelement.
Micromachined Fluid Inertial Sensors
Authors: Liu Shiqiang , Zhu Rong
Published: February 2017

Micromachined fluid inertial sensors are an important class of inertial sensors, which mainly includes thermal accelerometers and fluid gyroscopes, which have now been developed since the end of the last century for about 20 years. Compared with conventional silicon or quartz inertial sensors, the fluid inertial sensors use a fluid instead of a solid proof mass as the moving and sensitive element, and thus offer advantages of simple structures, low cost, high shock resistance, and large measurement ranges while the sensitivity and bandwidth are not competitive. Many studies and various designs have been reported in the past two decades. This review firstly introduces the working principles of fluid inertial sensors, followed by the relevant research developments. The micromachined thermal accelerometers based on thermal convection have developed maturely and become commercialized. However, the micromachined fluid gyroscopes, which are based on jet flow or thermal flow, are less mature. The key issues and technologies of the thermal accelerometers, mainly including bandwidth, temperature compensation, monolithic integration of tri-axis accelerometers and strategies for high production yields are also summarized and discussed. For the micromachined fluid gyroscopes, improving integration and sensitivity, reducing thermal errors and cross coupling errors are the issues of most concern.
Energy-Based Acoustic Source Localization Methods: A Survey
Authors: Meng Wei , Xiao Wendong
Published: February 2017

Energy-based source localization is an important problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which has been studied actively in the literature. Numerous localization algorithms, e.g., maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and nonlinear-least-squares (NLS) methods, have been reported. In the literature, there are relevant review papers for localization in WSNs, e.g., for distance-based localization. However, not much work related to energy-based source localization is covered in the existing review papers. Energy-based methods are proposed and specially designed for a WSN due to its limited sensor capabilities. This paper aims to give a comprehensive review of these different algorithms for energy-based single and multiple source localization problems, their merits and demerits and to point out possible future research directions.
Exotic Invasive Shrub Glossy Buckthorn Reduces Restoration Potential for Native Forest Herbs
Authors: Hamelin Caroline , Gagnon Daniel , Truax Benoit
Published: February 2017

Invasive glossy buckthorn could reduce restoration potential for understory native forest herbs by compromising their growth and biodiversity. Few studies of glossy buckthorn’s effects on forest herbs exist, and none were done in early-successional, partially open hardwood forests. This study was conducted in a mature hybrid poplar plantation invaded by buckthorn, located in southeastern Québec. We tested the effect of buckthorn removal on the growth of three forest herb species, whether this effect varied among species, and if canopy type (two poplar clones) influenced this effect. Forest herbs were planted in herbicide (buckthorn removed) and control treatments in the plantation understory, an environment similar to that of early-successional hardwood forests. Over the first two growing seasons, species showed specific reactions to buckthorn cover. Mean relative growth rate (RGR) for Asarum canadense and Polygonatum pubescens was increased in the herbicide treatment (48% and 33%, respectively) and decreased in the control treatment (−35% and −33%, respectively). Sanguinaria canadensis growth was the highest among species, with no difference between treatments. No effects of canopy type were detected. Results suggest that planting forest herbs for restoration purposes may be unsuccessful if buckthorn is present. Important changes in understory flora biodiversity are likely to occur over the long term in forests invaded by buckthorn.
The Challenges of Applying Planetary Boundaries as a Basis for Strategic Decision-Making in Companies with Global Supply Chains
Authors: Clift Roland , Sim Sarah , King Henry , Chenoweth Jonathan , Christie Ian , Clavreul Julie , Mueller Carina , Posthuma Leo , Boulay Anne-Marie , Chaplin-Kramer Rebecca , Chatterton Julia , DeClerck Fabrice , Druckman Angela , France Chris , Franco Antonio , Gerten Dieter , Goedkoop Mark , Hauschild Michael , Huijbregts Mark , Koellner Thomas , Lambin Eric , Lee Jacquetta , Mair Simon , Marshall Stuart , McLachlan Michael , Milà i Canals Llorenç , Mitchell Cynthia , Price Edward , Rockström Johan , Suckling James , Murphy Richard
Published: February 2017

The Planetary Boundaries (PB) framework represents a significant advance in specifying the ecological constraints on human development. However, to enable decision-makers in business and public policy to respect these constraints in strategic planning, the PB framework needs to be developed to generate practical tools. With this objective in mind, we analyse the recent literature and highlight three major scientific and technical challenges in operationalizing the PB approach in decision-making: first, identification of thresholds or boundaries with associated metrics for different geographical scales; second, the need to frame approaches to allocate fair shares in the ‘safe operating space’ bounded by the PBs across the value chain and; third, the need for international bodies to co-ordinate the implementation of the measures needed to respect the Planetary Boundaries. For the first two of these challenges, we consider how they might be addressed for four PBs: climate change, freshwater use, biosphere integrity and chemical pollution and other novel entities. Four key opportunities are identified: (1) development of a common system of metrics that can be applied consistently at and across different scales; (2) setting ‘distance from boundary’ measures that can be applied at different scales; (3) development of global, preferably open-source, databases and models; and (4) advancing understanding of the interactions between the different PBs. Addressing the scientific and technical challenges in operationalizing the planetary boundaries needs be complemented with progress in addressing the equity and ethical issues in allocating the safe operating space between companies and sectors.
Systems Engineering in Front-End Governance of Major Public Investment Projects
Authors: Samset Knut
Published: February 2017

This paper provides an account of how systems engineering principles are applied by the Norwegian government to improve up-front planning and decision-making of large public investment projects, as well as the effect of these efforts after 15 years of operations. It suggests that the results are promising, both in securing budgetary compliance, but also to ensure conceptual solutions that are economically viable in a life-time perspective.
Tentative d'introduction dans les Alpes-Matitimes de la souche réunionnaise d'Arrhenophagus chionaspidis (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) pour lutter contre la Cochenille blanche du mûrier
Authors: Kreiter Philippe , Dijoux Laurence , Donnadieu François , Malausa Jean-Claude , Quilici Serge
Published: February 2017

Une souche réunionnaise d 'Arrhenophagus chionaspidis, parasitoïde de Pseudaulacaspis pentagona a été introduite dans les Alpes-Maritimes. Quelques caractéristiques biologiques de ce nouvel entomophage ont été étudiées en conditions contrôlées.
Présence d'un Asellide épigé originaire d'Extrême-Orient en Californie
Authors: Magniez Guy , Toft Jason
Published: February 2017

L'Asellidae Asellus (Asellus ) hilgendorfii Bovallius, 1886 a été découvert dans les eaux douces de la région du delta des fleuves Sacramento et San Joaquin, Californie, USA. L'aire de vie normale de cette espèce étant la Sibérie orientale, la Chine et l'ensemble de l'archipel nippon, tout porte à croire qu'il s'agit d'une introduction récente, sans doute d'origine humaine.
Une ascension au Mont Yunque dans l'île de Robinson Crusoe (Chili)
Authors: Danton Philippe
Published: February 2017

Il s'agit de la relation de notre ascension sur le Mont Yunque le 15 février 1999 dans l'île de Robinson Crusoe. La végétation est sommairement décrite. La liste des espèces végétales et des oiseaux rencontrés y est donnée.
Études sur la Basse Moulouya (Maroc oriental) : 7 -Les coléoptères aquatiques de l'Oued Za
Authors: Berrahou Ali , Chavanon Guy , Bellouali Ahmed , Richoux Philippe
Published: February 2017

Nous présentons la liste commentée de 23 espèces de Coléoptères aquatiques de l'Oued Za (Maroc-oriental), dont une nouvelle espèce pour la région. Les caractéristiques des stations d'étude sont analysées et la liste des espèces est commentée.
Note faunistique concernant quelques espèces de Tenthredinidae rares ou nouvelles pour la France (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)
Authors: Lacourt Jean
Published: February 2017

Dans cette note, l'auteur apporte des précisions concernant la répartition géographique de certaines espèces de Tenthredinidae considérées comme rares en France. Il cite également la capture de 11 espèces nouvelles pour la France : Amauronematus enslini Lindqvist, A. harîigi Saarinen, Brachycoluma longiserra (Malaise), Dolerus pachyce-rus Hartig, D. zhelochovtsevi Heidemaa, Euura elaeagnos Kopelke, E. cinereae Kopelke, E. purpureae Kopelke, E. venusta (Brischke), Polynematus infirmus (Forster), Pontania samolad Malaise.
Subjetividade dos trabalhadores de enfermagem e a prática de adaptar e improvisar materiais/Subjectivity of the nursing workforce and the practice of adapting and improvising material
Authors: Lima Luana Dos Santos Cunha , Souza Norma Valéria Dantas de Oliveira , Gonçalves Francisco Gleidson de Azevedo , Pires Ariane Da Silva , Ribeiro Liana Viana , Santos Déborah Machado dos
Published: February 2017

Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, que objetivou analisar a subjetividade dos trabalhadores de enfermagem na prática de adaptar e improvisar materiais.Os participantes foram 20 trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital público universitário. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada, submetendo-se os dados à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram insatisfação dos profissionais de enfermagem diante da necessidade de trabalhar em meio aos improvisos e adaptações, que surgem como táticas para minimizar a precarização das condições laborais, fruto de uma ideologia defensiva dos trabalhadores de enfermagem ante as adversidades do meio laboral. Conclui-se que as adaptações e improvisações desgastam os trabalhadores de enfermagem, repercutindo diretamente na qualidade de vida.
Atropelamentos: análise epidemiológica dos últimos quatro anos/Run over: epidemiological analysis of the last four years
Authors: Moreno Nilvana Teixeira da Silva , Dalmas Jose Carlos , Martins Eleine Aparecida Penha
Published: February 2017

O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar os atropelamentos atendidos por serviços de urgência pré-hospitalar móvel em um município do norte do Paraná. Pesquisa retrospectiva, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, obtida por meio dos dados do prontuário das vítimas atendidas pelo serviço pré-hospitalar móvel nos últimos quatro anos. A análise dos dados foi por meio da estatística descritiva e exploratória. Foram analisadas 1.663 ocorrências: 469 no ano de 2011, 431 em 2012, 408 em 2013 e 355 em 2014. Das ocorrências atendidas, a idade mediana foi de 39 anos, entretanto, as crianças e adolescentes foram mais acometidos. Também o episódio foi mais freqüente em ruas, na região central do município, às sextas e quartas-feiras, nos meses de março e maio, sendo mulheres no período da manhã e tarde, e homens principalmente no período noturno, provocado por automóvel, seguido por motocicleta. Destes acidentes, 3% dos condutores se evadiram do local sem prestar assistência à vítima. Identificou-se uma diminuição do evento atropelamento nos últimos quatro anos. Sugere-se intensificar a fiscalização nos pontos descritos e a elaboração de medidas preventivas, utilizando-se outros métodos e outras fontes de informação
 Identificação de diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem para pacientes neurológicos internados em hospital de ensino/ Identification of nursing diagnoses and interventions among neurological patients admitted to a teaching hospital
Authors: Rosin Jéssica , Matos Fabiana Gonçalves de Oliveira Azevedo , Alves Débora Cristina Ignácio , Carvalho Ariana Rodrigues da Silva , Lahm Janaína Verônica
Published: February 2017

Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, transversal, retrospectiva, com análise quantitativa dos dados. Os objetivos do estudo foram: identificar os diagnósticos e as intervenções de enfermagem mais frequentes para pacientes neurológicos internados em um hospital público de ensino e verificar a correspondência entre os diagnósticos de enfermagem enunciados e as intervenções de enfermagem prescritas. Foram avaliados 292 prontuários de pacientes neurológicos, clínicos e cirúrgicos, internados no ano de 2014 na unidade de Neurologia, sendo que 12 deles atenderam aos critérios de inclusão no estudo. Foram identificados 19 diagnósticos de enfermagem, enunciados 94 (100%) vezes. Os mais frequentes foram: mobilidade no leito prejudicada (n=11; 11,70%), déficit no autocuidado para banho (n=11; 11,70%), déficit no autocuidado para alimentação (n=10; 10,64%) e mobilidade física prejudicada (n=10; 10,64%). Foram identificadas 18 intervenções de enfermagem, prescritas 143 (100%) vezes. As mais frequentes foram: posicionamento (n=16; 11,19%) e assistência ventilatória (n=16; 11,19%). Entre os diagnósticos de enfermagem enunciados, 57,44% deles tiveram correspondência com as intervenções de enfermagem prescritas. Para otimizar a inter-relação entre diagnósticos e intervenções, faz-se necessário avaliar criteriosamente as condições clínicas dos pacientes neurológicos e estabelecer as metas desejáveis, obtidas por meio dos cuidados de enfermagem prescritos.
Comunicação entre família e criança: significados da interação em situação de câncer infantil/ Communication between family and child: the meanings of interaction in the setting of childhood cancer
Authors: Borges Amanda Aparecida , Dupas Giselle
Published: February 2017

O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer como a família estabelece a comunicação com a criança sobre sua doença. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, da qual participaram sete famílias de criança com câncer, de uma instituição oncológica do interior do estado de Minas Gerais. Optou-se pelo Interacionismo Simbólico como referencial teórico e Análise de Conteúdo Temática de Bardin como método. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada técnica da entrevista semiestruturada. A análise das entrevistas revelou que a família faz uma constante seleção de palavras para dar significado à realidade da criança. Comunicando-se intencionalmente com ela, a família ressignifica o contexto onde as interações ocorrem a fim de afastar mensagens desanimadoras. Os resultados mostram que as interações estabelecidas entre família e criança são permeadas de apoio. O apoio que a família oferta à criança é reconhecido nas interações que estabelece com seus pares e com os profissionais de saúde. A unidade familiar revela que os profissionais de saúde estão sensíveis a sua realidade, tornando-se recursos de suporte para a família no enfrentamento de suas dificuldades.
 O quotidiano dos trabalhadores da atenção básica: limites para a promoção da saúde / The primary care worker’s daily living: limits for health promotion
Authors: Michelin Samanta Rodrigues , Nitschke Rosane Gonçalves , Tholl Adriana Dutra , Laureano Daniela Daniel , Silva Kelly Maciel , Potrich Tassiana
Published: February 2017

Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória descritiva, com objetivo de compreender os limites do quotidiano para a Promoção da Saúde dos trabalhadores. Participaram da pesquisa 18 trabalhadores de um Centro de Saúde no sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada, durante os meses de abril e maio de 2014, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, tendo como questão norteadora: “Quais os limites do quotidiano para a promoção da saúde dos trabalhadores que atuam na Atenção Básica?” A análise dos dados foi feita à luz das noções e dos Pressupostos Teóricos e da Sensibilidade de Michel Maffesoli. Como resultado, encontramos algumas dimensões que expressam os limites do quotidiano em seu contexto geral de vida, envolvendo a falta e o excesso. Falta ter tempo e saber administrar o tempo; falta de companheirismo; falta fazer mais exercício e ter mais lazer. Dentre os excessos identificamos: excesso de tarefas diárias; trânsito; trabalho com carga horária excessiva; preguiça; gula. Enfatizamos a importância das reflexões e ações voltadas para a Promoção da Saúde do trabalhador em seu quotidiano, considerando-se no cuidado os limites como possibilidades a serem transfigurados pela potência do ser humano, contribuindo para a criação de ambientes saudáveis.
Acolhimento e processo educativo em saúde a familiares de pacientes internados em UTI adulto / Receptional and education process in health to family members patients boarding in adult ICU
Authors: Santos Elizângela Santana dos , Gastaldi Andreia Bendine , Montezeli Juliana Helena , Garanhani Mara Lúcia
Published: February 2017

Os objetivos deste estudo foram:conhecer as percepções dos familiares ao adentrarem pela primeira vez na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI); realizar um processo de acolhimento e educação em saúde com familiares na primeira visita; analisar as percepções destes familiares acerca do acolhimento e processo educativo em saúde desenvolvido.Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, qualitativo,foram entrevistados 13 familiares de pacientes internados na UTI adulto de um hospital universitário que estavam adentrando a unidade pela primeira vez. A coleta de dados ocorreu de agosto a outubro de 2015. Primeiramente, os familiares foram submetidos a uma intervenção educativa em saúde e posteriormente foram realizadas as entrevistas semiestruturadas com três questões norteadoras. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e submetidas à análise temática. Os resultados foram organizados em três categorias: concepções dos familiares sobre a UTI; sentimentos vivenciados pelos familiares ao adentrarem na UTI pela primeira vez e educação em saúde como elemento facilitador para o acolhimento do familiar. Observou-se o desconhecimento dos familiares sobre a UTI e a tensão ao encontrar o familiar grave. Concluiu-se que o acolhimento e educação em saúde foram decisivos para os visitantes, concederam segurança e são ações que, segundo os familiares, devem ser realizadas rotineiramente.