bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practice, Tensions, and Identity: Boundary Crossing and Identity Development in Urban Teacher Leaders
Authors: Hutchinson Anna E. , Schaefer Jill , Zhao Weiqi , Criswell Brett
Published: July 2022

This study investigates the identity development of teacher leaders in an, urban school district who participated in a Noyce Master Teaching Fellow, program. We identify tensions that arose from involvement in this, external community of practice (CoP) and changes in teacher leader, meanings and practices in their school CoPs. Qualitative key findings, indicate that as boundary crossers, (1) teacher leader activities surfaced, tensions between CoPs, promoting boundary competence, and (2), participation in an external CoP reshaped their identities, especially mentors. Implications include recognizing that external CoPs can support, learning mechanisms for addressing educational issues, for example, teacher retention.
Complications of instrumental vaginal deliveries and associated factors in hospitals of Western Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Shimalis Chaltu , Hasen Tahir , Regasa Misganu Teshoma , Desalegn Zelalem , Mulisa Diriba , Upashe Shivaleela P
Published: July 2022

Objective:

In developing countries like Ethiopia, there is lack of evidence that shows the magnitude and factors affecting complications of instrumental delivery. Most of the research done in Ethiopia was secondary data and lacks variables like socio-demographic factors, availability of cardiotocograph, number of traction, and who conducted delivery (qualification of health workers). So, this study tried to fill the gaps by conducting primary research with secondary data and adding those variables stated above.

Methods:

Health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 20 February 20 June 2020 in five public hospitals in East Wollega Zone. Single population proportion formula used to calculate sample size. Systematic random sampling was employed. Interviewer-administered structured questionnaire, checklist, and document review were used to collect data from 282 respondents. Data entered to Epi Data version 3.01 and exported to a statistical package of social sciences version 21 for analysis. Those variables with p < 0.25 in the bivariate analyses were a candidate for multivariable logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with complications of instrumental vaginal delivery using 95% confidence interval and p < 0.05.

Results:

Complications of instrumental vaginal delivery were 37.2%. Out of all neonates delivered by operative vaginal delivery, 69 (24.5%) developed complications. Vacuum-assisted delivery (adjusted odd ratio = 0.245, 95% confidence interval 0.092–0.658), 120–160 fetal heartbeats per minute (adjusted odd ratio = 0.298, 95% confidence interval 0.114–0.628), birthweight > 4000 g (adjusted odd ratio = 4.09, 95% confidence interval 1.729–9.499) and outlet instrumentation (adjusted odd ratio = 0.139, 95% confidence interval 0.057–0.339) were associated with complications of instrumental vaginal delivery.

Conclusion:

Magnitude of complications of instrumental vaginal delivery was high in the study area. So, health professionals should give due attention on instrument selection and application. Instrumental delivery requires a careful assessment of clinical circumstances to identify the indications and contraindications for the application of the instruments.
The health belief model’s ability to predict COVID-19 preventive behavior: A systematic review
Authors: Zewdie Amare , Mose Ayenew , Sahle Tadesse , Bedewi Jemal , Gashu Molla , Kebede Natnael , Yimer Ali
Published: July 2022

Objective:

The health belief model specifies that individuals’ perceptions about particular behavior can predict the performance of respective behavior. So far, the model has been used to explain why people did not follow COVID-19 preventive behavior. Although we are using it, to our best knowledge, its predictive ability in COVID-19 preventive behavior is unexplored. So, this review aimed to assess the model’s predictive ability and identify the most frequently related construct.

Method:

A systematic review was conducted to examine the predictive ability of health belief model in COVID-19 preventive behavior using research done all over the world. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines were used. Comprehensive literature was searched using databases such as PubMed, Google scholar, and African Online Journal to retrieve related articles. Descriptive analyses such as the proportion of studies that better explained COVID-19 prevention behavior and the significance ratio of each construct of the model were made.

Result:

Overall, 1552 articles were retrieved using a search strategy and finally 32 articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria undergo the review. We found that in the majority (87.5%) of the studies health belief model has a good predictive ability of COVID-19-related behavior. Overall the explained variance for health belief model ranged from 6.5% to 90.1%. The perceived benefit was the most frequently significant predictor; highest significance ratio (96.7%) followed by self-efficacy, cues to action perceived barrier, susceptibility, and severity in decreasing order.

Conclusion:

Health belief model has a good predictive ability of COVID-19-related behavior in the majority of reviewed studies. The perceived benefit was the most frequently significant predictor of COVID-19-related behavior. Professionals who are in need can effectively use health belief model in planning and designing interventions to prevent and control the pandemic.
The Moderating Effect of Market-Specific Factors on the Return Predictability of Investor Sentiment
Authors: Vuong Ngoc Bao , Suzuki Yoshihisa
Published: July 2022

This paper examines the return predictability of investor sentiment in 12 Asian and European markets during the period between 2004 and 2016. Employing the composite sentiment index constructed from the consumer confidence index ( CCI), advance/decline ratio ( ADR), and volatility premium ( VP), we find a strong negative relationship between investor sentiment and the next 3 to 24-month returns. This outcome implies that sentiment could be a contrarian predictor of market returns over various periods. Moreover, we reveal an essential role of local factors, including financial development, institutional governance, and culture, in the sentiment-return diversification among regional markets. We discover that the moderating effect of market-specific factors is time-varying and different between Asian and European areas. As a result, sentiment has a shorter-term impact in Europe but a longer-term impact in Asia.
Factors Influencing School Teachers’ Continuous Usage Intention of Using VR Technology for Classroom Teaching
Authors: Du Wenbin , Liang Ruo-yu , Liu Denghui
Published: July 2022

Teachers’ continuous usage intention for virtual reality (VR) technology is a prerequisite for achieving its expected educational value in elementary and secondary education. Through a comprehensive model considering task-technology fit (TTF) and usage satisfaction, this study involved an analysis framework for the intention of teachers to continue using VR technology for classroom teaching. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 291 teachers of elementary and secondary schools in Jiangsu Province, China, to identify factors affecting their continuous usage intention for VR technology. The results indicated that perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-usage significantly impacted usage satisfaction. Surprisingly, usage satisfaction did not promote continuous usage intention. System quality and service quality of VR technology were key factors influencing perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-use, respectively. Meanwhile, TTF promoted teachers’ continuous usage intention while being positively affected by quality factors. Therefore, teachers are more concerned about optimizing pedagogical effectiveness by VR technology. Thus, further applications of VR technology in teaching should focus on improving the application modes. Moreover, a teaching environment supporting the pedagogical application of VR technology and a more autonomous classroom ecology for teachers to conduct VR-supported classroom teaching reform may be important factors to promote teachers’ usage intention for VR technology.
Being Nice Goes Long Way: Manifesting Compassion for Others Enacts in Experiencing Positive Emotions and Workplace Happiness for the Employees
Authors: Pradhan Rabindra Kumar , Jandu Kailash , Hati Lopamudra , Panda Madhusmita
Published: July 2022

Drawing on positive activity model ( Lyubomirsky & Layous, 2013 ), the present study aims to examine the relationship of employees’ compassion for others and the level of workplace happiness whilst investigating mediating mechanism of positive affectivity. The study further explores the role of perceived organizational support (POS) in bolstering the happiness of the employees. Using the purposive sampling technique, a sample of the Indian working population ( N = 422) was selected for the study. Standardized instruments were administered to the respondents for data collection. Structural equation modeling findings revealed that the employees who showed more compassion toward others experienced a higher level of happiness at work. The results indicated that the positive emotions acted as a significant mediator in this relationship. The PROCESS macro analysis showed that the POS moderated the link between compassion and workplace happiness for the employees in a positive direction. The study highlights the importance of performing intentional positive activities for the better well-being of the employees. The implications of the study in terms of practicing positive psychology for creating thriving modern organizations are discussed.
A Rocky Discontinuation of Diet Mountain Dew
Authors: Durland Justin , Schumann Samuel Owens
Published: July 2022

A 62-year-old man with a past medical history of recently diagnosed type II diabetes mellitus presented for multiple episodes of nephrolithiasis after stopping Diet Mountain Dew ingestion. Stone analysis confirmed calcium oxalate stones. It was theorized that the high citrate in Diet Mountain Dew was protective against his newly recurrent nephrolithiasis. For lifestyle preference, the patient chose lemonade-flavored Crystal Light—known to be high in citrate—instead of potassium citrate 30—40 mEq supplementation. To date, the patient’s nephrolithiasis has not recurred. Potassium citrate is a preventive strategy against calcium oxalate stones in patients with suspected or confirmed hypocitraturia. Citrate binds calcium, therefore, preventing the interaction between calcium and oxalate. Alternative supplementation strategies, such as citrus-flavored sodas (eg, Diet Mountain Dew), powdered drinks (eg, Crystal Light), and natural juices (eg, lemon juice), may be plausible alternatives to potassium citrate. Patient lifestyle and the risks and benefits to a particular supplemental choice must be considered for every patient.
The Jailed Sinoatrial Node: An Interesting Case of Cardiogenic Shock Secondary to Sinus Arrest Following Percutaneous Intervention
Authors: Ezeh Ebubechukwu , Akhigbe Esiemoghie , Amro Mohammad , Rahman Ebad Ur , Malik Saad , Mansoor Kanaan , Elhamdani Mehiar
Published: July 2022

Complete occlusion of the sinoatrial node artery can be a complication of percutaneous intervention (PCI) to the right coronary artery (RCA). When this happens, dysfunction of the sinus node may follow resulting in sinus arrest. When this occurs, it is usually transient and as such, is typically not accompanied by hemodynamic instability. Permanent sinus arrest and shock state may, however, occur on rare occasions. The presence of junctional rhythms on the electrocardiogram (ECG) may predict the occurrence of these permanent arrhythmias and cardiogenic shock. In this case report, we present a 78-year-old woman who developed cardiogenic shock secondary to sinus arrest following PCI to RCA. Her ECG showed junctional rhythm, and she went on to require permanent ventricular pacing. This illustrates a known but rare complication of PCI to RCA.
Comparative Analysis of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Proximal Hamstring Injuries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Green Joshua S. , Moran Jay , Schneble Christopher A. , Zazulak Bohdanna , Li Don T. , Jimenez Andrew , Medvecky Michael J.
Published: July 2022

Background:

There is controversy regarding which patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) should be used for proximal hamstring tendon injuries.

Hypothesis:

It was hypothesized that (1) most (>50%) of the questions on the 13 most common PROMs for proximal hamstring injuries would demonstrate extensive overlap in the health domains and question categories and (2) each of the PROMs would contain a variable distribution of questions within each health domain.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Methods:

We conducted a literature review through PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL and identified the 13 most common PROMs for proximal hamstring injuries: Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Marx activity rating scale (MARS), 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12), Tegner activity scale (TAS), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), Perth Hamstring Assessment Tool (PHAT), Proximal Hamstring Injury Questionnaire (PHIQ), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), University of California, Los Angeles activity score (UCLA), International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12), Hip Outcome Score (HOS), Sydney Hamstring Origin Rupture Evaluation (SHORE), and Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS). All PROM questions were sorted into 5 health domains (pain, symptoms, activities of daily living, sports, and mindset) and further divided into question categories if they referred to similar tasks or aspects of health. Questions in the same health domain and question category were considered overlapping, and those within a health domain that did not fit into a question category were considered unique. For each PROM, we analyzed the distribution of questions within particular health domains and question categories as well as the amount of overlapping and unique questions.

Results:

Of the 165 questions evaluated, 116 (70.3%) were overlapping, and 49 (29.7%) were unique. The SF-12 contained the most unique questions (9/12 [75.0%]). The MARS, TAS, SANE, and UCLA had 0 unique questions. The PHIQ and iHOT-12 contained questions in all 5 health domains. The PHAT, SHORE, and NAHS contained questions in every health domain except mindset. The LEFS, MARS, SF-12, TAS, mHHS, SANE, UCLA, and HOS contained questions in ≤3 health domains.

Conclusion:

The evaluated PROMs had a high degree of overlapping questions (≥50%) and demonstrated a statistically significant variance in the distribution of questions within each health domain.
Compliance With Hydroxychloroquine Screening Guidelines at a Large Academic Medical Center
Authors: Islam Yasmin Florence Khodeja , Stroman W. Riley , Steigleman W. Allan
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Long-term hydroxychloroquine use can result in irreversible maculopathy and vision loss. New screening guidelines to identify early maculopathy were issued by American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) in 2016; however, few studies have evaluated compliance with these updated guidelines.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study evaluated compliance with hydroxychloroquine maculopathy screening examinations at a large academic institution. Patients seen in the ophthalmology department who were prescribed hydroxychloroquine between 2011 and 2021 were included. This retrospective chart review included patients screened for hydroxychloroquine toxicity between 2011 and 2021. The main outcome measure was compliance with AAO screening guidelines (based on 2011 guidelines for patients screened between 2011 and 2015 and on 2016 guidelines for those screened in 2016 and later).

Results:

Of the 419 patients included, 239 were evaluated between 2011 and 2015 and 357 between 2016 and 2021. Only 60.7% of patients screened before 2016 met the recommended screening examination frequency, while 40.6% received adequate visual field screenings. Of patients screened after 2016, 55.3% met the recommended examination screening frequency, 46.4% received screening with macula ocular coherence tomography at the recommended interval, and 21.0% received appropriate visual field screening. One third of patients were prescribed higher than the recommended 5 mg/kg/day of hydroxychloroquine. Ten patients developed definite macular toxicity; most had concomitant risk factors for toxicity.

Conclusions:

Despite clear guidelines set forth by AAO in 2011 and 2016, compliance with screening was suboptimal. Hydroxychloroquine prescribers and eye care providers must collaborate to ensure patients are not overdosed and that they receive appropriate maculopathy screening.
A Review of African Medicinal Plants and Functional Foods for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease-related Phenotypes, Treatment of HSV-1 Infection and/or Improvement of Gut Microbiota
Authors: Tettevi Edward Jenner , Maina Mahmoud , Simpong David Larbi , Osei-Atweneboana Mike Y. , Ocloo Augustine
Published: July 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder is the most common form of dementia globally. Several studies have suggested alteration in the gut microbiota and HSV-1 infection as contributing factors to the development of the disease. As at now, there are no AD attenuating agents and AD pharmacotherapy is focused on managing symptoms while plants used in ethnomedicine remain potential sources of drugs for the treatment of the condition. Here, we reviewed published databases for African ethnomedicinal plants and functional foods of African origin that are used in the management of AD-related phenotypes, treatment of herpes simplex virus −1 (HSV-1) and/or improvement of gut microbiota. A total of 101 unique plant species and 24 different types of traditionally prepared African functional foodstuff were identified. Of the 101 identified plant species, 50 species serve as functional foodstuffs. Twenty-three (23) of the ethnomedicinal plant families were successfully identified for the treatment and management of AD-related phenotypes and age-related dementia. Eighteen (18) African plant species from 15 families were also identified as potent remedies for HSV-1; while many African wild fruits (3 species), roots and tubers (7 species), leafy vegetables (14 species), and seaweeds (26 species) were functional foods for modifying AD-related phenotypes. It was concluded that African medicinal plants are potential sources of both AD attenuating agents and phytocompounds that may be used against HSV-1 infection and alteration of gut microbiota. Additionally, a number of African functional foods are important sources of prebiotics and probiotics.
Evaluation of aerosol drug delivery with concurrent low- and high-flow nasal oxygen
Authors: Murphy Barry , Eain Marc Mac Giolla , Joyce Mary , Fink James B. , MacLoughlin Ronan
Published: July 2022

Question addressed by study

Administration of aerosol to patients receiving high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) ranges from concurrent aerosol delivery by mouthpiece to aerosolviacannula alone. This study examines the conditions to provide optimal aerosol delivery with low- or high-flow nasal oxygen with concurrent mouthpiece or through nasal cannula alone, and the impact on fugitive aerosols.

Materials and methods

A vibrating mesh nebuliser delivered salbutamolviamouthpiece, aerosol holding chamber and nasal cannula to an adult head model simulating relaxed breathing. The mean±sdinhaled dose (%) was assayed from a filter distal to the trachea. Optical particle sizers were used to measure fugitive aerosol concentrations during aerosol delivery.

Results

Concurrent low-flow nasal oxygen (LFNO) and aerosol delivery with a mouthpiece and aerosol holding chamber increased the inhaled dose (%) available, 31.44±1.33% when supplemented with 2 L·min−1of nasal oxygen. Concurrent HFNO above 30 L·min−1resulted in a lower inhaled dose (%) compared to aerosol delivered through HFNO alone. The addition of concurrent LFNO or HFNO resulted in no increase in aerosol levels in the test room.

Answer to question posed

Concurrent LFNO with a mouthpiece and aerosol holding chamber is an effective and safe means of aerosol delivery.
High-Performance Quasi-Two-Dimensional CsPbBr2.1Cl0.9:PEABr Perovskite Sky-Blue LEDs with an Interface Modification Layer
Authors: Chang Yi-Tsung , Zhang Lingun , Lai Mu-Jen , Chiang Wei-Chen , Chen Lung-Chien
Published: July 2022

This paper elucidates the increased luminescence efficiency of CsPbBr2.1Cl0.9sky-blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) achieved through the interface modification of 3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT):polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS)/quasi-two-dimensional (QTD) perovskite using CsCl and CsBr materials, respectively. QTD films were fabricated using ratios of CsPbBr2.1Cl0.9doped with phenethylamine hydrobromide (PEABr) at 60%, 80%, and 100%. The solvent dimethyl sulfide (C2H6OS) was employed under the excitation of ambient and 365-nm laser lights. The PeLED structure was composed of Al/LiF/2,2',2"-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole) (TPBi)/CsPbBr2.1Cl0.9:PEABr/interface modification layer/PEDOT:PSS/ITO glass. The optimized results revealed that the luminance, current efficiency, and external quantum efficiency of the QTD CsPbBr2.1Cl0.9:80% PEABr PeLED with the CsCl interface modification additive was 892 cd/m2, 3.87 cd/A, and 5.56%, respectively.
Investigation of rumen long noncoding RNA before and after weaning in cattle
Authors: Marceau Alexis , Gao Yahui , Baldwin Ransom L. , Li Cong-jun , Jiang Jicai , Liu George E. , Ma Li
Published: July 2022

Background

This study aimed to identify long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) from the rumen tissue in dairy cattle, explore their features including expression and conservation levels, and reveal potential links between lncRNA and complex traits that may indicate important functional impacts of rumen lncRNA during the transition to the weaning period.

Results

A total of six cattle rumen samples were taken with three replicates from before and after weaning periods, respectively. Total RNAs were extracted and sequenced with lncRNA discovered based on size, coding potential, sequence homology, and known protein domains. As a result, 404 and 234 rumen lncRNAs were identified before and after weaning, respectively. However, only nine of them were shared under two conditions, with 395 lncRNAs found only in pre-weaning tissues and 225 only in post-weaning samples. Interestingly, none of the nine common lncRNAs were differentially expressed between the two weaning conditions. LncRNA averaged shorter length, lower expression, and lower conservation scores than the genome overall, which is consistent with general lncRNA characteristics. By integrating rumen lncRNA before and after weaning with large-scale GWAS results in cattle, we reported significant enrichment of both pre- and after-weaning lncRNA with traits of economic importance including production, reproduction, health, and body conformation phenotypes.

Conclusions

The majority of rumen lncRNAs are uniquely expressed in one of the two weaning conditions, indicating a functional role of lncRNA in rumen development and transition of weaning. Notably, both pre- and post-weaning lncRNA showed significant enrichment with a variety of complex traits in dairy cattle, suggesting the importance of rumen lncRNA for cattle performance in the adult stage. These relationships should be further investigated to better understand the specific roles lncRNAs are playing in rumen development and cow performance.
Proteomics data analysis using multiple statistical approaches identified proteins and metabolic networks associated with sucrose accumulation in sugarcane
Authors: Li Ao-Mei , Chen Zhong-Liang , Qin Cui-Xian , Li Zi-Tong , Liao Fen , Wang Ming-Qiao , Lakshmanan Prakash , Li Yang-Rui , Wang Miao , Pan You-Qiang , Huang Dong-Liang
Published: July 2022

Background

Sugarcane is the most important sugar crop, contributing > 80% of global sugar production. High sucrose content is a key target of sugarcane breeding, yet sucrose improvement in sugarcane remains extremely slow for decades. Molecular breeding has the potential to break through the genetic bottleneck of sucrose improvement. Dissecting the molecular mechanism(s) and identifying the key genetic elements controlling sucrose accumulation will accelerate sucrose improvement by molecular breeding. In our previous work, a proteomics dataset based on 12 independent samples from high- and low-sugar genotypes treated with ethephon or water was established. However, in that study, employing conventional analysis, only 25 proteins involved in sugar metabolism were identified .

Results

In this work, the proteomics dataset used in our previous study was reanalyzed by three different statistical approaches, which include a logistic marginal regression, a penalized multiple logistic regression named Elastic net, as well as a Bayesian multiple logistic regression method named Stochastic search variable selection (SSVS) to identify more sugar metabolism-associated proteins. A total of 507 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified from this dataset, with 5 of them were validated by western blot. Among the DAPs, 49 proteins were found to participate in sugar metabolism-related processes including photosynthesis, carbon fixation as well as carbon, amino sugar, nucleotide sugar, starch and sucrose metabolism. Based on our studies, a putative network of key proteins regulating sucrose accumulation in sugarcane is proposed, with glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolyase, malate dehydrogenase and phospho-glycerate kinase, as hub proteins.

Conclusions

The sugar metabolism-related proteins identified in this work are potential candidates for sucrose improvement by molecular breeding. Further, this work provides an alternative solution for omics data processing.
Effects of lactoferrin on intestinal flora of metabolic disorder mice
Authors: Li Li , Ma Chunli , Hurilebagen  , Yuan Hong , Hu Ruiping , Wang Wuji , Weilisi
Published: July 2022

To study the mechanism of lactoferrin (LF) regulating metabolic disorders in nutritionally obese mice through intestinal microflora. Twenty-one male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, model group and LF treatment group. The mice in control group were fed with maintenance diet and drank freely. The mice in model group were fed with high fat diet and drank freely. The mice in LF treatment group were fed with high fat diet and drinking water containing 2% LF freely. Body weight was recorded every week. Visceral fat ratio was measured at week 12. Blood glucose and serum lipid level were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. The gut microbiota of mice was examined using 16 s rRNA sequencing method. LF treatment significantly reduced the levels of visceral adipose ratio, blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in high-fat diet mice (p < 0.05). It can be seen that drinking water with 2% LF had a significant impact on metabolic disorders. At the same time, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio(F/B) of LF treated mice was decreased. The abundance of Deferribacteres, Oscillibacter, Butyricicoccus, Acinetobacter and Mucispirillum in LF treatment group were significantly decreased, and the abundance of Dubosiella was significantly increased (p < 0.05). In the LF-treated group, the expression levels of glucose metabolism genes in gut microbiota were increased, and the expression levels of pyruvate metabolism genes were decreased. It can be seen that metabolic disorders were related to intestinal flora. In conclusion, LF regulates metabolic disorders by regulating intestinal flora.
Construction and analysis of a Noccaea caerulescens TILLING population
Authors: Wang Yanli , Salt David E. , Koornneef Maarten , Aarts Mark G. M.
Published: July 2022

Background

Metals such as Zn or Cd are toxic to plant and humans when they are exposed in high quantities through contaminated soil or food. Noccaea caerulescens, an extraordinary Zn/Cd/Ni hyperaccumulating species, is used as a model plant for metal hyperaccumulation and phytoremediation studies. Current reverse genetic techniques to generate mutants based on transgenesis is cumbersome due to the low transformation efficiency of this species. We aimed to establish a mutant library for functional genomics by a non-transgenic approach, to identify mutants with an altered mineral profiling, and to screen for mutations in bZIP19, a regulator of Zn homeostasis in N. caerulescens.

Results

To generate the N. caerulescens mutant library, 3000 and 5000 seeds from two sister plants of a single-seed recurrent inbred descendant of the southern French accession Saint-Félix-de-Pallières (SF) were mutagenized respectively by 0.3 or 0.4% ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). Two subpopulations of 5000 and 7000 M2 plants were obtained after 0.3 or 0.4% EMS treatment. The 0.4% EMS treatment population had a higher mutant frequency and was used for TILLING. A High Resolution Melting curve analysis (HRM) mutation screening platform was optimized and successfully applied to detect mutations for NcbZIP19, encoding a transcription factor controlling Zn homeostasis. Of four identified point mutations in NcbZIP19, two caused non-synonymous substitutions, however, these two mutations did not alter the ionome profile compared to the wild type. Forward screening of the 0.4% EMS treatment population by mineral concentration analysis (ionomics) in leaf material of each M2 plant revealed putative mutants affected in the concentration of one or more of the 20 trace elements tested. Several of the low-Zn mutants identified in the ionomic screen did not give progeny, illustrating the importance of Zn for the species. The mutant frequency of the population was evaluated based on an average of 2.3 knockout mutants per tested monogenic locus.

Conclusions

The 0.4% EMS treatment population is effectively mutagenized suitable for forward mutant screens and TILLING. Difficulties in seed production in low Zn mutants, obtained by both forward and reverse genetic approach, hampered further analysis of the nature of the low Zn phenotypes.
Suppression of GhGLU19 encoding β-1,3-glucanase promotes seed germination in cotton
Authors: Wang Haitang , Zhou Xuesong , Liu Chuchu , Li Weixi , Guo Wangzhen
Published: July 2022

Background

In eudicots, germination begins with water uptake by the quiescent dry seed and is greatly related to the permeability of micropyle enriched callose layers. Once imbibition starts, seeds undergo a cascade of physiological, biochemical, and molecular events to initiate cellular activities. However, the effects of callose on water uptake and following seed metabolic events during germination are largely unknown. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is a eudicot plant with natural fiber and edible oil production for humans. Here, we addressed this question by examining the role of GhGLU19, a gene encoding β-1,3-glucanase, in cotton seed germination.

Results

GhGLU19 belongs to subfamily B and was expressed predominately in imbibed seeds and early seedlings. Compared to wild type, GhGLU19-suppressing and GhGLU19-overexpressing transgenic cotton lines showed the higher and lower seed germination percentage, respectively. Callose was enriched more at inner integument (ii) than that in embryo and seed coat in cotton seeds. In GhGLU19-suppressing lines, callose at ii of cotton seeds was greatly increased and brought about a prolonged water uptake process during imbibition. Both proteomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed that contrary to GhGLU19-overexpressing lines, the glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism was decreased, and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis related genes were downregulated in imbibed seeds of GhGLU19-suppressing lines. Also, endogenous ABA was significantly decreased in GhGLU19-suppressing line while increased in GhGLU19-overexpressing line.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that suppression of GhGLU19 improves cotton seed germination via accumulating callose of inner integument, modulating glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism, and decreasing ABA biosynthesis. This study provides a potential way for improving germination percentage in cotton seed production, and other eudicot crops.
Functional characterization and analysis of transcriptional regulation of sugar transporter SWEET13c in sugarcane Saccharum spontaneum
Authors: Hua Xiuting , Shen Qiaochu , Li Yihan , Zhou Dong , Zhang Zhe , Akbar Sehrish , Wang Zhengchao , Zhang Jisen
Published: July 2022

Background

Sugarcane is an important crop for sugar production worldwide. The Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) are a group of sugar transporters recently identified in sugarcane. In Saccharum spontaneum, SsSWEET13c played a role in the sucrose transportation from the source to the sink tissues, which was found to be mainly active in the mature leaf. However, the function and regulation of SWEETs in sugarcane remain elusive despite extensive studies performed on sugar metabolism.

Results

In this study, we showed that SsSWEET13c is a member of SWEET gene family in S. spontaneum, constituting highest circadian rhythm-dependent expression. It is a functional gene that facilitates plant root elongation and increase fresh weight of Arabidopsis thaliana, when overexpressed. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid assays indicate that 20 potential transcription factors (TFs) could bind to the SsSWEET13c promoter in S. spontaneum. We combined transcriptome data from developmental gradient leaf with distinct times during circadian cycles and stems/leaves at different growth stages. We have uncovered that 14 out of 20 TFs exhibited positive/negative gene expression patterns relative to SsSWEET13c. In the source tissues, SsSWEET13c was mainly positively regulated by SsbHLH34, SsTFIIIA-a, SsMYR2, SsRAP2.4 and SsbHLH035, while negatively regulated by SsABS5, SsTFIIIA-b and SsERF4. During the circadian rhythm, it was noticed that SsSWEET13c was more active in the morning than in the afternoon. It was likely due to the high level of sugar accumulation at night, which was negatively regulated by SsbZIP44, and positively regulated by SsbHLH34. Furthermore, in the sink tissues, SsSWEET13c was also active for sugar accumulation, which was positively regulated by SsbZIP44, SsTFIIIA-b, SsbHLH34 and SsTFIIIA-a, and negatively regulated by SsERF4, SsHB36, SsDEL1 and SsABS5. Our results were further supported by one-to-one yeast hybridization assay which verified that 12 potential TFs could bind to the promoter of SsSWEET13c.

Conclusions

A module of the regulatory network was proposed for the SsSWEET13c in the developmental gradient of leaf and circadian rhythm in S. spontaneum. These results provide a novel understanding of the function and regulation of SWEET13c during the sugar transport and biomass production in S. spontaneum.
Gene expression profiling before and after internode culture for adventitious shoot formation in ipecac
Authors: Okazaki Karin , Koike Imari , Kera Sayuri , Yamaguchi Katushi , Shigenobu Shuji , Shimomura Koichiro , Umehara Mikihisa
Published: July 2022

Background

In ipecac (Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson), adventitious shoots can be induced simply by placing internodal segments on phytohormone-free culture medium. The shoots form locally on the epidermis of the apical region of the segments, but not the basal region. Levels of endogenous auxin and cytokinin transiently increase in the segments after 1 week of culture.

Results

Here, we conducted RNA-seq analysis to compare gene expression patterns in apical and basal regions of segments before culture and after 1 week of culture for adventitious shoot formation. The results revealed 8987 differentially expressed genes in a de novo assembly of 76,684 genes. Among them, 276 genes were upregulated in the apical region after 1 week of culture relative to before culture and the basal region after 1 week of culture. These genes include 18 phytohormone-response genes and shoot-formation-related genes. Validation of the gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR assay confirmed that the expression patterns were similar to those of the RNA-seq data.

Conclusions

The transcriptome data show that expression of cytokinin biosynthesis genes is induced along with the acquisition of cellular pluripotency and the initiation of cell division by wounding in the apical region of internodal segments, that trigger adventitious shoot formation without callusing.
Comparing statistical methods in assessing the prognostic effect of biomarker variability on time-to-event clinical outcomes
Authors: Gao Feng , Luo Jingqin , Liu Jingxia , Wan Fei , Wang Guoqiao , Gordon Mae , Xiong Chengjie
Published: July 2022

Background

In recent years there is increasing interest in modeling the effect of early longitudinal biomarker data on future time-to-event or other outcomes. Sometimes investigators are also interested in knowing whether the variability of biomarkers is independently predictive of clinical outcomes. This question in most applications is addressed via a two-stage approach where summary statistics such as variance are calculated in the first stage and then used in models as covariates to predict clinical outcome in the second stage. The objective of this study is to compare the relative performance of various methods in estimating the effect of biomarker variability.

Methods

A joint model and 4 different two-stage approaches (naïve, landmark analysis, time-dependent Cox model, and regression calibration) were illustrated using data from a large multi-center randomized phase III trial, the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS), regarding the association between the variability of intraocular pressure (IOP) and the development of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The model performance was also evaluated in terms of bias using simulated data from the joint model of longitudinal IOP and time to POAG. The parameters for simulation were chosen after OHTS data, and the association between longitudinal and survival data was introduced via underlying, unobserved, and error-free parameters including subject-specific variance.

Results

In the OHTS data, joint modeling and two-stage methods reached consistent conclusion that IOP variability showed no significant association with the risk of POAG. In the simulated data with no association between IOP variability and time-to-POAG, all the two-stage methods (except the naïve approach) provided a reliable estimation. When a moderate effect of IOP variability on POAG was imposed, all the two-stage methods underestimated the true association as compared with the joint modeling while the model-based two-stage method (regression calibration) resulted in the least bias.

Conclusion

Regression calibration and joint modelling are the preferred methods in assessing the effect of biomarker variability. Two-stage methods with sample-based measures should be used with caution unless there exists a relatively long series of longitudinal measurements and/or strong effect size (NCT00000125).
Comparison of alternative gestational age assessment methods in a low resource setting: a retrospective study
Authors: Pietravalle Andrea , Spolverato Silvia , Brasili Luca , Cavallin Francesco , Gabrielli Valentina , Azzimonti Gaetano , Maziku Donald Micah , Leluko Dionis Erasto , Trevisanuto Daniele , Putoto Giovanni
Published: July 2022

Background

Accurate gestational age (GA) determination allows correct management of high-risk, complicated or post-date pregnancies and prevention or anticipation of prematurity related complications. Ultrasound measurement in the first trimester is the gold standard for GA determination. In low- and middle-income countries elevated costs, lack of skills and poor maternal access to health service limit the availability of prenatal ultrasonography, making it necessary to use alternative methods. This study compared three methods of GA determination: Last Normal Menstrual Period recall (LNMP), New Ballard Score (NBS) and New Ballard Score corrected for Birth Weight (NBS + BW) with the locally available standard (Ultrasound measurement in the third trimester) in a low-resource setting (Tosamaganga Council Designated Hospital, Iringa, Tanzania).

Methods

All data were retrospectively collected from hospital charts. Comparisons were performed using Bland Altman method.

Results

The analysis included 70 mother-newborn pairs. Median gestational age was 38 weeks (IQR 37–39) according to US. The mean difference between LNMP vs. US was 2.1 weeks (95% agreement limits − 3.5 to 7.7 weeks); NBS vs. US was 0.2 weeks (95% agreement limits − 3.7 to 4.1 weeks); NBS + BW vs. US was 1.2 weeks (95% agreement limits − 1.8 to 4.2 weeks).

Conclusions

In our setting, NBS + BW was the least biased method for GA determination as compared with the locally available standard. However, wide agreement bands suggested low accuracy for all three alternative methods. New evidence in the use of second/third trimester ultrasound suggests concentrating efforts and resources in further validating and implementing the use of late pregnancy biometry for gestational age dating in low and middle-income countries.
Cervical spine injuries occurring at the beach: epidemiology, mechanism of injury and risk factors
Authors: Thom Ogilvie , Roberts Kym , Leggat Peter A. , Devine Sue , Peden Amy E. , Franklin Richard C.
Published: July 2022

Objective

Surf zone injuries include cervical spine injuries (CSI). Risk factors for CSI have not been extensively investigated. The objective was to examine risk factors associated with diagnosed CSI that occurred in a beach setting.

Methods

This retrospective case series used manually linked data from Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service Emergency Departments, Queensland Ambulance Service, Surf Life Saving Queensland (SLSQ), and Bureau of Meteorology data from 01/01/2015-21/04/2021. Variables included victim demographics, mechanism of injury, scene information, and patient course.

Results

Seventy-nine of the 574 (13.8%) confirmed CSI occurred at the beach. Local residents and visitors were injured equally. Females represented a minority (12.7%) of those diagnosed with CSI but were a higher proportion of suspected spinal incidents reported to SLSQ (45%). Surfers were more likely to be injured through shallow water diving than swimmers (27.6% vs 2.2%). Females were more likely to be injured by shallow water diving than males (30.0% vs 8.7%). Visitors were more likely to be injured swimming and local residents surfing (68.2% vs 77.8% respectively). CSI occurred most commonly (40.0%) with a below average ocean wave height (0.75-1.25 m) and were most likely (45.3%) to occur in the second half of the outgoing tide. One beach had a statistically significant greater incidence of spinal incidents (OR 3.9, 95% CI: 2.1-7.2) and of CSI (OR 10.7, 95% CI: 1.5-79.5).

Conclusions

Risk factors for CSI at the beach include male sex, smaller wave height and an outgoing tide. Shallow water diving among surfers and females should be addressed urgently.
Apparent diffusion coefficient values in Modic changes – interobserver reproducibility and relation to Modic type
Authors: Dagestad Magnhild H. , Vetti Nils , Kristoffersen Per M. , Zwart John-Anker , Storheim Kjersti , Bakland Gunnstein , Brox Jens I. , Grøvle Lars , Marchand Gunn H. , Andersen Erling , Assmus Jörg , Espeland Ansgar
Published: July 2022

Background

Modic Changes (MCs) in the vertebral bone marrow were related to back pain in some studies but have uncertain clinical relevance. Diffusion weighted MRI with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)-measurements can add information on bone marrow lesions. However, few have studied ADC measurements in MCs. Further studies require reproducible and valid measurements. We expect valid ADC values to be higher in MC type 1 (oedema type) vs type 3 (sclerotic type) vs type 2 (fatty type). Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to evaluate ADC values in MCs for interobserver reproducibility and relation to MC type.

Methods

We used ADC maps (b 50, 400, 800 s/mm2) from 1.5 T lumbar spine MRI of 90 chronic low back pain patients with MCs in the AIM (Antibiotics In Modic changes)-study. Two radiologists independently measured ADC in fixed-sized regions of interests. Variables were MC-ADC (ADC in MC), MC-ADC% (0% = vertebral body, 100% = cerebrospinal fluid) and MC-ADC-ratio (MC-ADC divided by vertebral body ADC). We calculated mean difference between observers ± limits of agreement (LoA) at separate endplates. The relation between ADC variables and MC type was assessed using linear mixed-effects models and by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results

The 90 patients (mean age 44 years; 54 women) had 224 MCs Th12-S1 comprising type 1 (n = 111), type 2 (n = 91) and type 3 MC groups (n = 22). All ADC variables had higher predicted mean for type 1 vs 3 vs 2 (p < 0.001 to 0.02): MC-ADC (10− 6 mm2/s) 1201/796/576, MC-ADC% 36/21/14, and MC-ADC-ratio 5.9/4.2/3.1. MC-ADC and MC-ADC% had moderate to high ability to discriminate between the MC type groups (AUC 0.73–0.91). MC-ADC-ratio had low to moderate ability (AUC 0.67–0.85). At L4-S1, widest/narrowest LoA were for MC-ADC 20 ± 407/12 ± 254, MC-ADC% 1.6 ± 18.8/1.4 ± 10.4, and MC-ADC-ratio 0.3 ± 4.3/0.2 ± 3.9. Difference between observers > 50% of their mean value was less frequent for MC-ADC (9% of MCs) vs MC-ADC% and MC-ADC-ratio (17–20%).

Conclusions

The MC-ADC variable (highest mean ADC in the MC) had best interobserver reproducibility, discriminated between MC type groups, and may be used in further research. ADC values differed between MC types as expected from previously reported MC histology.
Effectiveness of tutor shadowing on faculty development in problem-based learning
Authors: Tsai Chiao-Ling , Chiu Yen-Lin , Chao Chia-Ter , Lin Mong-Wei , Ho Chao-Chi , Chen Huey-Ling , Sheu Bor-Ching , Hsu Chiun , Yang Chih-Wei
Published: July 2022

Background

To enhance tutors’ teaching skills, tutor shadowing for novice tutors of problem-based learning (PBL) in addition to conventional faculty development (FD) was applied. This study aimed to develop a tutoring-skill scale (TS-scale) and evaluate the effect of shadowing on PBL tutors.

Methods

This study employed a before-and-after study design with three phases. In phase 1, a TS-scale was elaborated. A validity examination was performed in phase 2. Phase 3 was a study of the effectiveness using a TS-scale survey of novice PBL tutors before and after the FD course. The FD course for novice PBL tutors included an FD workshop and PBL shadowing activities.

Results

A TS-scale with a 32-item questionnaire of self-rated confidence for PBL tutors was identified in phase 1. In phase 2, 7 experienced specialists in medical education were invited to evaluate the content validity of the scale. The item content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.86 to 1, and the scale-CVI (S-CVI) was 0.95. A total of 85 novice PBL tutors completed the TS-scale before the FD course, yielding a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.98. An exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation was performed. The twenty-four items with significant loadings greater than 0.5 were incorporated into a new TS-scale and were grouped into three factors: student contact, medical expertise, and teaching expertise. In phase 3, 76 novice PBL tutors completed the 24-item TS-scale before (pretest) and after (posttest) the FD course. Their self-rated confidence improved significantly across the three factors after the FD course. The pretest and posttest scores did not differ according to the tutors’ gender, the grades they taught, or their specialty background.

Conclusions

Novice PBL tutors benefit from FD that incorporates tutor shadowing in the 3 key domains of tutoring competencies. The TS-scale developed in this study can be applied in future research on FD design.