bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2155 – Pilot Supervision Programme (psp) For High Risk Patients In The Community
Authors: Lee C. , Hariram J. , Chan M.C. , Alexander M. , Ong S.H.
Published: July 2013

The Community Treatment Order (CTO) Programme has been in place in several countries and encompasses the legislative requirement of a group of psychiatric patients to receive psychiatric treatment.

The Institute of Mental Health (IMH),Singapore has implemented a pilot supervision programme (PSP) that contains elements of the CTO programme (but without the requirement for legislative changes).

The objective of PSP is to engage patients with serious mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, delusional disorder, bipolar disorder (as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV criteria) to continue to receive treatment while living in the community, the least restrictive environment.

This paper focuses on the implementation of Phase 1 of PSP. Phase 1 which cover a period of one year focuses on ‘high-risk‘ patients who suffer from a major psychiatric disorder and had 3 and more inpatient admissions over the past 1 year. They are then divided into 3 groups (70 each):

1)

Group 1: Receiving standard community mental health treatment (monthly visit) and service is chargeable.

2)

Group 2: Same as Group 1 but service is pro-bono.

3)

Group 3: Receiving intensive community mental health treatment (weekly visit) and service is pro-bono.

In addition, patients in Group 2 and 3 will also receive incentives such as welfare voucher.

The results of Phase 1 will provide a better understanding of the patient's motivation and/or compliance for treatment and forms the test bed for Phase 2 which will include psychiatric patients with significant Axis II diagnoses.
2158 – Low Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor And Interleukin-8 In Cerebrospinal Fluid Of Suicide Attempters
Authors: Isung J. , Aeinehband S. , Mobarrez F. , Mårtensson B. , Nordström P. , Åsberg M. , Piehl F. , Jokinen J.
Published: July 2013

Immune system dysregulation influencing pathways for cytokine activity and growth factor expression is implicated in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders.

In this study we analysed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokines and growth factors with an ultra sensitive immunoassay system in 43 medication free suicide attempters and 20 healthy male volunteers.

CSF Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CSF interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were significantly lower in suicide attempters compared to healthy controls. Further, CSF VEGF showed a significant negative correlation with depression severity as measured with MADRS.

Low CSF levels of VEGF may represent a lack of trophic support to neurons and downregulation of neurogenesis in important areas such as the hippocampus reflecting more severe depressive states. IL-8 has also been reported as important in neuroprotection and is commonly known for its chemokine activity in the innate immune response.

The results support a role for a dysregulation in immune system activation in the pathophysiology of depression and suicidal behaviour. Innate immunity may have a critical role in these mechanisms.
2164 – The Role Of Parental Rearing Styles In The Perception Of College Adolescents’ Anxiety Symptoms
Authors: Azevedo V. , Simões S. , Marques M. , Cunha M. , Espírito Santo H.
Published: July 2013

The literature highlights the importance of the impact of parental behavior on the development of anxiety in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to analyze the role that the adolescents’ perception about parental rearing styles have on the manifestation of anxiety symptoms.

The sample involved 136 college adolescents, 48 boys and 88 girls aged between 12 and 15 years (M = 13,2 years). The research protocol included Sociodemographic Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) and the EMBU-A.

Results suggest that older adolescents (14–15 years) showed greater anxiety symptoms, significant at the level of state anxiety. The young people with more academic failure externalize more trait anxiety and perceive higher levels of mother's overprotection and rejection of father and mother. Adolescents who have a father with lowest educational level perceive greater maternal rejection, and are the children of mothers with less qualification who feel greater mothers’ overprotection and father's rejection. There was a association between paternal rejection and higher levels of anxiety symptoms. The predictive model confirms that parental rejection, together with the age of the adolescent, are significant predictors of anxiety symptoms. Specifically, parental rejection is evidenced as the best predictor of anxiety symptoms, being primarily responsible for the manifestation of anxiety in adolescents.

These results suggest that father's rejection generates high levels of anxiety symptoms. Thus, this study shows that rejection is the paternal parental rearing style that has more influence on the manifestation of anxiety in adolescents, triggering high levels of anxiety.
2167 – Art And The Brain: The View From Dementia
Authors: Gretton C.
Published: July 2013

Art making encompasses a range of perceptual and cognitive functions involving widely distributed brain systems. The dementias impact on these systems in different ways, raising the possibility that each dementia has a unique artistic signature. Here we use a review of the visual art of 14 artists with dementia (5 Alzheimer's disease, 7 fronto-temporal dementia and 2 Dementia with Lewy bodies) to further our understanding of the neurobiological constituents of art production and higher artist function. Artists with Alzheimer's disease had prominent changes in spatial aspects of their art and attributes of colour and contrast. These qualities were preserved in the art of fronto-temporal dementia which was characterised by perseverative themes and a shift towards realistic representation. The art of dementia with Lewy Bodies was characterised by pronounced changes in visual perceptual attributes and bizarre content linked to visual hallucinations. The impact of dementia on wider aspects of art production is discussed and a novel classificatory scheme presented to help characterise neural mechanisms of higher artistic functions in future studies.
2169 – Does Nicotine Have a Pro-cognitive Effect In Obsessive-compulsive Disorder?
Authors: Riva A. , Cavedini P. , Guerriero G. , Prestia D. , Grassi M. , Perna G.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Previous studies suggested that cognitive enhancement associated with nicotine may be a form of “selfmedication” explaining high rates of smokers among patients with Schizophrenia or Mood Disorders. On the contrary, patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), though are characterized by cognitive impairment, do not show a higher tendency to smoking than general population and show a lower tendency to smoking than other psychiatric patients.

Objectives

Our pilot study aims to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on cognitive performance in patients with OCD. No published studies investigated this issue.

Methods

Fifty-nine inpatients suffering from OCD (22 smokers and 37 non-smokers) were recruited. At the beginning of the hospitalization, we assessed different cognitive domains using a standard non-computerized neuropsychological battery (memory, attention and verbal fluency). In addition, 28 patients out of the 59 (12 smokers and 16 non-smokers) underwent a computerized neuropsychological evaluation specific for executive functions (CANTAB software). OCD-clinical symptoms were evaluated by Y-BOCS.

Results

Smokers and non-smokers did not differ for demographic (age, schooling) and clinical variables (Y-BOCS scores). Compared to non-smokers, smokers showed worse performances on the phonemic fluency test (non-computerized battery) and a tendency to risk higher amount of money on a decision making task (CANTAB).

Conclusions

Smoking does not seem to improve cognitive performances of patients with OCD, whereas it seems to affect impulsivity, thus worsening decision making ability and flexibility, possibly by an effect of nicotine on dopaminergic neurotransmission in orbito-frontal cortex. This may explain the low rate of smokers in patients with OCD.
2187 – Migration And Acute Mental Disorders In Italy. a Comparison Study In a Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Maraone A. , Tarsitani L. , Pasquini M. , Zerella M.P. , Berardelli I. , Giordani R. , Polselli G.M. , Biondi M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

First-generation immigrants from developed countries appear to be particularly at risk of being diagnosed with a mental disorder after migration. Nevertheless, in Europe immigrated people appear less likely than their native counterparts to access community mental health care. Inequity in treatment may lead to enhanced severity of the disease and consequent emergency referrals.

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore demographic and clinical characteristics in immigrants patients compared to Italianborn patients admitted in a Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) for an acute mental disorder.

Methods

One hundred first-generation immigrant patients were consecutively recruited and compared to 100 age-, genderand diagnosis-matched Italian-born patients. Subjects were diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR and rated on the Clinical Global Impression - Severity Scale and the Global Assessment of Functioning. Medical history and demographic information were collected with a study-specific form and were abstracted from medical records.

Results

The majority of patients were admitted to the PICU for an acute psychotic or manic episode. There were no differences in socio-demographic characteristics, in clinical severity scores and global functioning scores between immigrant and Italian-born patients. Despite no differences in age or diagnosis, immigrant patients were significantly more likely to be at the first psychiatric contact (32% vs 15%; p=0.007).

Conclusions

Our results suggest a role of migration in the development of acute psychotic or manic episodes. Moreover, limited access for immigrants to community mental health services may lead to longer duration of untreated illness, increased disease severity and consequent emergency referrals.
2192 – The Relationship Between Parental Religiosity And Mental Health Of Preadolescents In a Community Sample: The Trails Study
Authors: van der Jagt W.
Published: July 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between parental religiosity, parental harmony on the subject of religiosity, and the mental health of pre-adolescents. In a community-based sample of 2,230 pre-adolescents (10-12 years), mental health problems were assessed using self-report (Youth Self-Report, YSR), parental report (Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL) as well as teacher report (Teacher Checklist for Psychopathology, TCP). Information about the religiosity of mother, the religiosity of father and religious harmony between the parents was obtained by parent report. The influence of maternal religiosity on internalizing symptoms depended on the religious harmony between parents. This was particularly apparent on the CBCL. Higher levels of internalizing symptoms were associated with parental religious disharmony when combined with passive maternal religiosity. Boys scored themselves as having more externalizing symptoms in case of religiously disharmonious parents. The levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in pre-adolescents were not influenced by parental religiosity. Religious disharmony between parents is a risk factor for internalizing problems when the mother is passive religious. Religious disharmony is a risk factor on its own for externalizing problems amongst boys. Parental religious activity and parental harmony play a role in the mental health of pre-adolescents.
2201 – The Diagnosis Of Neurological Conditions Using Electrovestibulography (evestg)
Authors: Lithgow B.J. , Moussavi Z.M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Dizziness is a defining condition of many pathologies within DSM4. There are many emotional and behavioural impacts on the balance system. EVestG is a purported test of the balance system that has been applied to the detection of schizophrenia. However, there is a need to show whether the EVestG recordings indeed contain vestibular signals.

Objective

To investigate a clear vestibular response in EVestG recordings by analysing the signals in response to whole body passive tilts.

Methods

EVestG signals were recorded in the ear canals of 5 healthy controls (50-69yrs) and 3 unmedicated Schizophrenics (29-53yrs) in response to whole body tilts. The signals were bandpass filtered (700-4000Hz) to remove muscle interference. The Root Mean Square (RMS) of the filtered signals was measured across 0.5 sec running windows (one sample at a time) and compared between the background and tilting responses.

Results

A typical example of the RMS signal for control subjects is shown in Fig 1. During the movement phase t=20-23 and 40-43 sec wherein the vestibular is active the RMS signal showed a marked increase for all signals of all subjects. The typical Schizophrenic response had the peaks seen at t=20-23 skewed to the left.

Fig. 1

[figure 1]

Conclusions

EVestG signals do show a vestibular component. When validated with larger sample size may be assistive in neurological disorder diagnosis.
2203 – Efficiency Of Ethical Management Style On Soldiers’ Adjustment Disorders: Findings From a Reflection On Stress
Authors: Duzan A.-C.
Published: July 2013

Hans Selye was the first to conceptualize stress as a nonspecific biological response to different types of attacks that can mobilize the resources of an individual to enable him to adapt to the situation. “Stress is the spice of life” he said. Yet even a stressful event does not cause the same reactions in all subjects. According to Folkman and Lazarus, there is a sequential process of evaluation that allows the individual to construct personal meaning of situations. In doing so, stress can be a source of dysfunction and adjustment disorders in an individual. According to the DSM-IV, the adjustment disorders can manifest in different forms: with depressed mood, with anxiety, with mixed anxiety and depressed mood, with disturbance of conduct, with mixed disturbance disruption of emotions and conduct.

In the military forces, the adjustment disorder with disturbance of conduct may be involved in the emergence of addictive behaviors, “moral disengagement” conducts or behaviors that lead the individual to get isolated from the group and military life. These issues are important regarding the three subjects of the military health, the social representation of the army and the maintenance of operational capability.

The finding of the negative effects of stress is at the origin of many researches and models of the vulnerabilities that could explain those reactions. Their objective is to find an opportunity for potential intervention. Indeed several studies show that an upstream intervention through the exercise of an ethical management style has several positive impacts, especially within military institution.
2208 – Re-audit Of The Accuracy Of Drug Kardex Prescribing For Inpatient Of Working Age In Brooklands Hospital (specialist Hospital In Learning Disability)
Authors: Hojaili N. , Tayar K. , Baxter M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

All elements of prescription writing and drug administration are susceptible to error. Drug errors are an important cause of morbidity and mortality.

Objectives

To assess the accuracy and clarity of inpatient drug prescriptions within the Brooklands Hospital and their compliance with the Trust medication prescribing policy.

Aim

To reduce the number of drug prescription errors which will subsequently diminish drug administration errors.

Method

The currently used medication kardex of all adult inpatients were assessed in June 2010 (total 82 patients) and reassessed in September 2012 (total 74). An updated standard proforma obtained from the audit department was used to collect the data.

Results

The patient ID number was present in 85% (vs 72%). The date of birth was noted in 95% of kardex. Allergies section has been filled in all kardex. The route, time and administration of regular medication were always written. All prescriptions were signed and dated. The number of charts were minimized in 97% (vs 87%). 100% of all multiple charts were numbered (vs 75%). All prescriptions for limited duration (eg: antibiotics) had an end date (vs 87%). The cancelled prescriptions were signed in 83% (vs 43%) and dated in 90% (vs 37%).

Conclusions

A global improvement was observed. Most improvement was observed in writing patients ID number, clarifying the end date of prescribed medication with limited durations and cancelled prescriptions being signed and dated. The process of auditing itself, pharmacist amendments and requests for clarification in addition to widespread circulation of policy could explain the above improvements.
2210 – A Phase Ii Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial Of Glyx-13 For The Rapid Treatment Of Major Depressive Disorder Using Central Ratings
Authors: Popp D. , Burch R. , Williams J.B.W. , Price L.M. , Detke M.J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

NMDA receptor ligands have been shown to rapidly treat depression but are associated with psychotomimetic effects. GLYX-13 is an NMDA receptor glycine site functional partial agonist with ~ 25% of the agonist activity of glycine or Dserine. Animal models suggest a single intravenous dose may produce long-term efficacy without psychotomimetic effects.

Objective

A phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of GLYX-13 with central raters.

Aim

To examine the effects of a single dose of GLYX-13 in subjects with inadequate response to previous treatment for MDD.

Methods

48 male and 68 female subjects received a single dose of GLYX-13 (1-/5-/10-/30-mg/kg) or placebo. Central raters assessed subjects via telephone using the HDRS-17 at Screening, Baseline, Days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28.

Results

The a priori primary efficacy ANCOVA on pooled drug dose versus placebo was not significant for change from baseline to Day 1 on HDRS-17 total score. MMRM revealed a statistically significant reduction in HDRS-17 total score versus placebo at Day 3 for 5-mg/kg (−4.4; p < .05) and a trend at Day 1 for 5-mg/kg (−3.5; p = .068) and at Day 7 for 5 and 10-mg/kg (−4.0 for both; p's = .059 and .073). GLYX-13 did not cause psychotomimetic side effects at any dose studied.

Conclusion

This study suggests that GLYX-13, an NMDA receptor glycine site functional partial agonist, rapidly reduces depression scores without eliciting psychotomimetic effects at therapeutic doses as assessed by central raters. Further study is indicated.
2213 – The Role Of Liaison Psychiatry In The General Hospital
Authors: Vasilian C.C. , Tamasan S.C.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Few data are reported in medical journals about physicians perception in optimal care of mental health disturbed patients accessing emergency departments in general hospitals.

Aims

To investigate the subjective psychological burden and perception of proficiency in managing patients with somatic psychiatric comorbidities between physicians providing emergency care in County Emergency Hospital of Timisoara.

Methods

An anonymous multiple choice questionnaire was distributed to active medical personnel from emergency units in September 2012.

Results

105 doctors answered- emergency unit 27, ICU 12, neurosurgery 15, trauma and surgical services 51. 38,1% declared at least a lifetime burn-out episode, 19% an episode last year, 69,5% declared they should request professional help. Psychiatric disturbances estimated in emergency care: dementia 1 out of 5 patients, depression 1: 4. Confidence rates in diagnosing dementia(%): very good 7,6, good 35,2, satisfactory 41,9, unsatisfactory 15,2; depression: very good 8,6, good 42,9, satisfactory 41, unsatisfactory 7,6. 78,1 respective 7,6% of the responders declared that mental health issues is insufficiently or not at all addressed in an emergency department. Disturbed mental status in patients was considered responsible for communication 89,5%, and treatment 85,7% difficulties, poor compliance 88,6%, and outcome 66,7%. 80% would appreciate a screening mental health program. 98,1% valued liaison psychiatrist collaboration.

Conclusions

By acknowledging the increasing incidence in mental health disturbances among patients accessing emergency services and their medical care management challenges, as well as their own psychological needs, medical and surgical professionals in SCJUT appreciate the active involvement of the liaison psychiatry department in emergency care.
2216 – Depression In Chronic Hepatitis- c Egyptian Patients: Rate And Correlates
Authors: Radwan D.N. , Osman M.A.M. , Abdel Bary S.A.
Published: July 2013

Background

Egypt has the highest prevalence of hepatitis C in the world (10–13%) yet understudied in terms of mental health services.

Objectives

To shed light on depression among chronic hepatitis C patients in Egypt.

Aim of the study

To assess the prevalence of depression and it's correlates in a group of Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C infection.

Methods

150 chronic HCV infection non cirrhotic Egyptian patients enrolled in the study. Patients are without past history of psychiatric disorder, having neither alcohol nor substance dependence disorders, did not receive interferon therapy. Psychiatric caseness, and depressive symptoms were assessed using General health questionnaire, and BDI-II questionnaire respectively.

Results

The study included 82 Males patients (54.67%) and 68 female patients (45.33%). Seventy three Patients (48.67%) were found to have current psychiatric morbidity with higher affection rates in younger (p < 0.001) and educated (p = 0.019) patients. Among those, 64 patients (42.67%) suffered from symptoms of depression (55 patients (36.67%) of them had mild depression, 6 patients (4%) had moderate depression and 3 patients (2%) had severe depression) with higher affection rates in younger (p < 0.001) and educated (p = 0.019) patients. Gender showed statistically non-significant difference.

Conclusion

There is strong evidence of an association between chronic hepatitis C and psychiatric morbidity in the form of depression in relation rates recorded in general population. Depression is strongly positively correlated with age and level of education. It warrants the attention for providing specialized mental health services in such neglected population.
2220 – Associative Memory Exercises As a Means For Alzheimer's Treatment: a Case Study
Authors: Garcia Campuzano M.T. , Moussavi Z.
Published: July 2013

People living with Alzheimer's disease experience a gradual decline in cognitive skills, especially in memory (Selkoe, 2002). However, through the frequent and regular use of memory exercises a cognitive improvement may be achieved. The intention of this paper is to report the results of an 8-weeks associative memory exercise regime applied to an Alzheimer's participant. Our hypothesis is that exercising the associative memory regularly and frequently will slow the Alzheimer's progression, and may even improve the mental and cognitive condition. To test our hypothesis, we used our recently designed associative memory exercises described in (Garcia et. al, 2012). An 86 years old female, diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease at relatively early stages, participated in this study (during 8 consecutive weeks, with 3 exercise sessions/week). At the beginning, at the end of the exercise regime and one month afterwards, the Wechsler Memory Scale questionnaire (WMS-III) was employed to assess her memory and mental state. Results from the memory exercises showed that the participant's performance improved over the eight weeks of trials. Moreover, 4 out of the 12 WMS-III subtests that were related to associative memory the most, presented score increments at the end of the exercise program (Logical Memory-I (0 to 7), Logical Memory-II-Recognition (15 to 20), Verbal Paired Associates-II-Recognition (13–16) and Family Pictures-II (4–11)). These results are as encouraging as the ones found in (Garcia et.al, 2012); they suggest that the designed memory exercises may be used as an effective tool to improve the cognitive state of individuals with Alzheimer's disease.
2235 – Personality Dimensions And Dissociation In a Portuguese Sample
Authors: Espirito-Santo H. , Pio-Abreu J.L. , Mota M.P.
Published: July 2013

Dissociation, conversion and somatization are historically related with the concept of hysteria. The purpose was to examine and compare dissociation and the personality traits of three hysterical disorders and contrast them with other psychiatric disorders and non-clinical individuals. The aim of the present study was to understand the differences and relationships between those pathologies in a Portuguese sample. Sample characteristics are presented on Table 1. Groups answered the Dissociative Experiences Scale, Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire, and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Dissociative symptoms were significantly higher in DiD (M=38.33, SD=13.38) and CoD (M=38.54, SD=14.60) disorder than in SoD and controls (F=60.76, p< 0.001). Also, somatoform symptoms were higher in those two groups (M=29.63, SD=10.05; M=34.62; SD=11.81, respectively; F=14.70, p< 0.001). Finally, neuroticism was significantly higher in SoD (M=16.52, SD=3.91), CoD (M=14.69, SD=4.82), and DiD (M=13.69, SD=5.90) (H = 14.97, p< 0.001) than in NC. DiD and CoD were not different in dissociation and neuroticism measures. Neuroticism did not distinguish DiD, CoD from SoD.

 TotalAge (years)GenderMarital StatusGroupsnM±SDMale/FemaleMarried/SingleDissociative disorders (DiD)3934.0 ± 11.711/2823/16Conversion disorder (CoD)2627.4 ± 8.86/208/18Somatization disorder (SoD)4032.6 ± 12.814/2616/24Other psychiatric disorders4031.5 ± 11.314/2618/22Non-clinical3931.7 ± 11.512/2723/16Total18437.4 ± 12.757/12788/96

Psychoform and somatoform dissociation positively correlated with neuroticism (r = 0.29, p< 0.01, r = 0.53, p< 0.001). In conclusion, there is a closer relationship between conversion and dissociative disorders, than conversion and somatization disorder.
2236 – Service Costs And Cost Factors Of Child And Adolescent Psychiatric Patients Treated With Antipsychotics In Taiwan
Authors: Chang H.-C. , McCrone P. , Su K.-P.
Published: July 2013

Objectives

With the widespread of atypical antipsychotics used among children and adolescents, the treatment effectiveness has been of great interest alongside with the efficacy and safety in this population. The study was designed to assess whether second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are associated with lower service costs in the real world. Factors associated with service costs were also examined.

Methods

The claim data (PIMC) of 1996-2008 from the National Insurance Plan of Taiwan was used. Patients aged less than 20 with an incident use of antipsychotics and last for 12 months during this period were included for analysis. Comparisons were made between 8 SGAs and 2 first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs). Changes in service costs were examined with 95% confidence interval. Multivariate regressions with propensity scores adjustment were performed to explore factors associated with psychiatric service costs.

Results

A total of 343 treatment encounters were included and results showed no difference in psychiatric services costs in the SGAs group as the total service costs were offset to high antipsychotics costs of SGAs, though antiparkinsonian costs were not different between two groups. Factor positively associated with service costs were relapse (RR=4.0, p< 0.0001) and EPS incidence (RR=1.6, p< 0.008), while types of antipsychotics and diagnoses were not significant factors after adjusting for covariates.

Conclusions

Service costs were not different between FGAs and SGAs groups and medication costs were significantly higher in the SGAs group. Relapse and EPS incidence were factors of high costs among children and adolescents psychiatric patients treated with antipsychotics in Taiwan.
2238 – Relationship Between Parenting Styles And Mental Disorder Of Teenage Girls In Tehran
Authors: Alayi Z.
Published: July 2013

The aim of this research was to study the relationship between parenting styles and mental disorder of teenage girls. The statistical population of this research included the whole third-grade high-school teenager girls in Tehran? with mean age of 16.4 years? and that of their mothers of 40.2 years. Using multi-phase random sampling? 132 students and their mothers were chosen from 4 schools in 4 areas in Tehran as the sample. The scales used consisted of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Baumrind parenting style questionnaire which were filled out by the girls and their mothers. The correlational design was used in this research. The results showed that there are significant positive correlations (p< 0.05) between authoritarian style with the mental disorder in general and its components among teenage girls (somatic symptoms? anxiety? social dysfunctions and depression). The results also showed that there are significant negative correlations (p< 0.05) between authoritative style with mental disorder and its components. However? no significant correlation was found between permissive method and mental disorder. Since some parents do not realize the fact that their style of parenting might have a detrimental effect on their child’s mental disorder? opportunities must be created to raise their awareness through training programs.
2244 – Maternal Prenatal Anxiety And Epigenetic Modification Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene: The Shaping Of The Biological Stress Response
Authors: Claes S. , Hompes T. , Verhaeghe J. , Freson K. , Demyttenaere K.
Published: July 2013

Background

The methylation status of the human glucocorticoid receptor gene NR3C1 in newborns has been reported to be sensitive to prenatal maternal mood. This study investigates both the association between maternal cortisol and emotional state during pregnancy and the methylation state of the promoter region of NR3C1 gene.

Methods

We examined 83 pregnant women. Psychological data and diurnal cortisol data were assessed to evaluate maternal stress once each trimester. DNA methylation at different loci of the NR3C1 gene, including exon 1B, 1D and 1F, was analyzed in genomic DNA from cord blood mononuclear cells.

Results

Univariable analyses indicated pregnancy related anxiety to be the strongest psychological parameter throughout pregnancy. Most significant findings concerned 1F. Particularly the methylation state of CpG9 was significantly associated with maternal emotional wellbeing. In a multivariable model the proportion of variance in methylation state of F9 explained (PVE) by pregnancy related anxiety was 7.8% (p=0.023) during T1.

Furthermore different CpG-units located at the nerve growth factor inducible protein A (NGFI-A) binding sites of 1F were associated with maternal anxiety [(F20.21: PC PRAQ and fear of integrity in T1: respectively PVE:8.9% and PVE:9.0%; Fear of delivery T2: PVE:8.0%, Fear of integrity T2: PVE:6.0% and STAI T2: PVE:5.9%) - (F12.13: PC PRAQ T1: PVE:6.9%, fear of integrity T2: PVE:6.0% and fear of delivery T2: PVE:8.0%)] and cortisol (F38.39: PVE: 8.9%) in T3.

Conclusion

These data indicate that prenatal maternal emotional state, particularly pregnancy related anxiety, are associated with the methylation state of the NR3C1 gene in the child.
2248 – Going From Transfer And Counter-transfer To Interpersonal Dynamics Related To Psychoanalytical Psychoterapy (case Study)
Authors: Trifu S.
Published: July 2013

This paperwork whishes to be a psychoanalysis psychotherapy case presentation based on a three-year therapy, with a frequency of two sessions per week. At the moment this therapy is on its course.

Together with life history of the patient we present the history of this therapy emphasizing the inter-subjective perspective and the inter-personal dynamics of this phenomenology - based on the elements of transfer and counter-transference.

This is the history of a psychoanalytical psychotherapy that meticulously describes the evolution of a young lady - from the generically named “cognitive intelligence”, “math brilliancy”, fascination for “authority”, “money”, “control”, “Super-Ego” to self discovery of her own capacity to understand, accept and take advantage of her emotional intelligence.
2264 – Portuguese Mental Health Plan: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Xavier M. , Mateus P. , Marques C. , Carvalho Á.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Following the principles and recommendations of international institutions and documents (e.g., WHO, European Union, WHO 2001 Global Mental Health Report and the Helsinki European Declaration), the Portuguese Government launched a new Mental Health Plan (MHP), to be implemented from 2007 to 2016.

Objective

a)

To evaluate the current situation of mental health facilities in Portugal,

b)

assess the feasibility of national training programmes and

c)

to ascertain the key obstacles of the execution of the Mental Health Plan.

Method

Level of achievements was appraised by i. A full assessment piloted by the Portuguese National Coordination for Mental Health and ii. a cross-sectional evaluation conducted by a task force from WHO-European Regional Office.

Results

So far the MHP has been moderately executed. Relevant accomplishments include: closing of psychiatric hospitals (40% of chronic patients deinstitutionalized), creation of 20 mental health services for adults, children and adolescents, training of 650 professionals, sponsoring of 46 community mental health projects, launching the residential and supported care network with the Health and Social Affairs Ministries.

Conclusions

Significant challenges persisting are:

a)

To increase provision of crisis services and residential places,

b)

To strength the role of primary care services regarding common mental disorders,

c)

To reinforce the role of non-medical professionals in MHS and

d)

To change the financing system that has disincentives to establish community based services.
2265 – Duloxetine-induced Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion In An Elderly Patient
Authors: Lee K.H.J. , Tan P.L.L.
Published: July 2013

Background

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is the most common cause of euvolemic hyponatremia in hospitalized patients. The syndrome is an osmoregulatory disorder, consisting of hyponatremia, decreased serum osmolality, inappropriately elevated urine osmolality, excessive urine sodium in a patient who is euvolemic.

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a frequently prescribed class of antidepressant, have been well reported to cause SIADH. This often poses a clinical challenge to psychiatrists in the consultation liaison and psychogeriatrics setting, where patients are at a higher risk of developing hyponatremia. Other classes of antidepressants should be considered if clinically indicated.

Aims

To report an elderly psychiatric patient who was diagnosed with SIADH induced by duloxetine, which belongs to a class of antidepressant known as the serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).

Conclusions

Patients developing antidepressants induced SIADH present a clinical dilemma to clinicians. Future studies evaluating the incidence of SIADH attributed to the different classes of antidepressants would be helpful to clinicians. Close monitoring of sodium level should be considered when antidepressant therapy is started for patients who are at high risk of developing SIADH.
2267 – Treatment Effect Of Agomelatine On Depressive Symptoms And Patients' Compliance: Results Of The Non-interventional Study Vital Over 6 Months
Authors: Lemke M. , Barthel B.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Agomelatine, a melatonergic agonist and 5-HT2c-antagonist, has demonstrated antidepressant efficacy in clinical trials.

Aims

Aim of VITAL was to document treatment with agomelatine non-interventionally in daily practice over 6 months.

Objectives

Evaluation of the effectiveness of agomelatine on depressive symptoms, daytime activity, tolerability and compliance in depressed patients under routine conditions.

Methods

3005 outpatients aged>18 years were observed by 1169 psychiatrists and general practitioners in Germany over 6 months, treated with agomelatine 25-50 mg once daily. Antidepressant effectiveness was evaluated by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), effects on daytime activity by two questions of Circscreen (patient questionnaire), compliance by standardized questions. ADRs were documented every visit.

Results

Included patients (BDI-II total score 31.9) improved during 6 months treatment with agomelatine (BDI-II 9.6). Responder rate (≥50% reduction of BDI-II) rose steadily from 11.7% (2 weeks), 62.0% (12 weeks) to 79.0% (6 months). 55.3% of patients were classified as remitters (BDI ≤9) after 6 months. According to CGI, 20.7% had responded after 2 weeks, 81.6% at study-end (CGI-I≤2). At baseline 53.2% were markedly impaired in normal daily activity compared to 16.1% of patients at the end of study. 64.5% at baseline versus 9.1% after 6 months felt sleepy during daytime (Circscreen). 89.6% of 2511 patients at study-end documented good compliance (regular intake). Adverse drug reactions (mainly headache, dizziness) were reported by 3.6%, 0.6% of patients had reversible ALT/AST>3ULN (n=12).

Conclusion

Antidepressant effectiveness of agomelatine, improvement of daytime activity, good tolerability and good compliance were observed in unselected depressed patients over 6 months.
2272 – Art And Psychiatry a Discourse Between Psychoanalytic Thought And Cinema
Authors: Tzavaras N. , Krasanakis S. , Giannoulaki C.
Published: July 2013

Last five years the Hellenic Psychiatric Association (HPsA) organizes every year a film festival on a psychiatric subject, and we go on.

The themes that we have mentioned are psychosis, depression, violence, psychopathology and artistic creation, mass and power, and fear.

These presentations gave us the chance to communicate with a big audience and to have a productive discussion after every meeting.

During these dialogs we had the opportunity to observe how the art can approach and describe the pathological behavior and the mental illness.

We can refer such examples and to share with our colleagues our experiences from those events.

A very rich and fruitful experience which offers not only to our scientific knowledge, but also our esthetic development.

The screen in the darkened theatre serves as a container for the projection and identification of our most private and often unconscious feelings.

As with all forms of art, when we study film, we study ourselves.
2274 – A Three Year Review Of Delayed Discharges From a Learning Disability (ld) Assessment And Treatment Service (2008–2011)
Authors: Gazizova D. , Sathanandan S. , Oxley C. , Fitzgerald B. , Puri B.K.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Inpatient facilities for people with LD are highly specialised services that are a valuable, but expensive, component of mental health services. Although there are no national data describing these services, commissioners need good quality data to inform their contracting and pricing strategies for LD psychiatric inpatient care. To help fill this information gap, we carried out a review to explore the general characteristic of inpatients population, duration of admission and delays in discharge in the inpatient LD unit.

Aims

To analyse admission trends including the reasons for delayed discharges to a LD unit from 2008 to 2011.

Method

A retrospective review of the case records of all inpatient admissions to the LD Unit (Seacole) between 2008-2011.

Results

There were 41 admissions made to the service in the time period from 2008 to 2011. More male patients (76%) were admitted compared to females (24%) (p=0.073). Male patients (55%) were more likely than female patients (20%) to be admitted from a residential home (p = 0.075).There was no statistically significant difference between the male and female sexes regarding diagnosis of challenging behaviour or psychotic or affective disorder. 59% of discharges in 2008–2011 were delayed. The main reason for the delayed discharge was social and was significantly more likely to result from difficulty in finding appropriate placement (p=0.008).

Conclusions

Social problems were the main cause of delayed discharges. Early identification of social issues, better utilization of community resources and robust discharge planning should be done to avoid delay in discharge.
2276 – The New Model Multimodal Psychotherapy Based On Hypnosuggestive Approach Of Psychosomatic Patients In Internet Application
Authors: Burmaka N. , Mykhayloov B.
Published: July 2013

On present time a high level of psychosomatic disorders in Ukraine fixed on as well as in world in general. This is a reason of our investigation.

The system of distantion TV and PS organized psychotherapy was established.

The clinical longitudinal comparative investigation was perfomed with 1103 patients.

The representation of nosological diseases were: blood system - 8%, endocrinoush ystem - 11%, psychic and behaviorale disturbances - 9%, nervous system - 11%, cardiovascular system - 20%, gastrointestinal system - 12%, urinary system - 21%, other - 8%. The emotional disturbances of all thease patients were investigated with the clinic and pathopsychological methods. The high level of anxiety was shown. Pathopsychologically the high level of personality anxiety and low level of neurotism and depression were identified. Our experience showed the necessity of the integrative models of psychotherapy provided, parted on stage. The complex system of psychotherapy, based on rational and hypnosuggestive models has been developed, with the multimodal approach.

The cathamnestic investigation the high efficasy in 65% cases, and middle range efficacy in 20% cases was shown. The first step was TV application, the second step was CDRW application the contemporary application - internet use application.
2284 – Suicide Indifferent Political Systems - Suicide Rates In Magdeburg/germany In a Two-period Analysis
Authors: Krause T.J. , Lux A. , Bogerts B. , Genz A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

As German reunification took place in 1990 Eastern Germany as a former socialist country (GDR) became part of democratic Germany. It underwent dramatic changes influencing all parts of society.

Objectives

Our objective was to analyse all suicides in the Eastern German City Magdeburg based on all relevant police files.

Aims

Little is known about the former GDR and its suicide rates since no official data existed. Our aim was to investigate differences in suicide rates by age and sex in one city of the former GDR before and after reunification.

Methods

As part of GDR-time the period 1985 - 1989 (A) and as post-reunification time the period 1999 - 2004 (B) were analysed. Basis of our investigation were all police files. Absolute suicide numbers were counted. Suicide rates were calculated per 100.000 persons, sex and year. Different age structures became comparable by using the old standard population of Europe (WHO 1976).

Results

We identified 470 suicides in period A and 206 suicides in period B. For both sexes suicide rates were significantly higher in period A and increased with age. Women had generally lower suicide rates. Age-standardized rates show a reduction for males of about 50% and for females of two thirds in comparison of the two periods.

Conclusions

Suicide rates decreased in our analysed city dramatically. Women in general and particularly elder groups have lower suicide rates and thus benefited most. There are various contributing factors such as positive changes in health care and social support.
2290 – Socio-demographic Characteristics Of Hospitalized Patients With Shizophrenia
Authors: Paunović G. , Nenadović M. , Janković Z. , Vojvodić P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

One of the problems of the contemporary psychiatry is, certainly, hospitalization, because the freedom of an individual, altogether with the right to life and personal safety, is a basic human right. Hospitalization of patients with schizophrenia interferes with their psychological and social integrity, which is of high importance for their lives.

Objective

Is to determine whether the socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, education, work and marital status) influence the decision making regarding the form of hospitalization.

Methodology

In purpose of the investigation, we used the closed-type questionnaires that were composed for the needs of this paper. In order to fill the questionnaires, we used the case records of hospitalized patients with schizophrenia during 2010. In order to analyze the obtained data we used the methods of descriptive statistics.

Results

597 schizophrenic patients with diagnosis F20.0 - F20.9 hospitalized during 2010, of which 472 (79.6%) voluntarily, and 125 (20.4%) involuntarily. Among socio-demographic characteristics, the differences between the voluntarily and involuntarily admitted patients are observed by: occupation, working status, number and cause of hospitalization (first and repeated), while there are no differences regarding the level of education and marital status. By gender, there are no differences in type of hospitalization.Voluntarily admitted patients are the predominant in the group of age 41-50, and the involuntary in the group of 31-40.

Conclusion

According to the presented analyses of results of socio-demographic characteristics of involuntarily and voluntarily hospitalized patients with schizophrenia, we came to a conclusion that the specified characteristics influence the form of hospitalization.
2301 – Emotional And Social Loneliness In Etiology And Therapy Of Mental Illness
Authors: Tylova V. , Ptáček R. , Kuželová H.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Loneliness is a distressing feelings, described as an individual experience of lack of satisfying relationships. There are a number of causes of loneliness: a loss of significant persons in life, divorce; it may occurs after the birth of a child or after marriage. Loneliness is common experience, most in adolescence and older adults. Many studies shows that loneliness is a predicting factor of mental and health illnesses and as such is associated with elevated blood pressure, increased risk of cancer and stroke, impaired sleep, impaired immune function, alcoholism, depressive symptoms and suicide.

The aim

of this pilot study is to describe the relationship of loneliness in four groups of psychiatric disorders (depression, dementia, schizofrenia and anxiety disorders).

Methods

Loneliness is measured by UCLA Loneliness Scale - R (N=50 for each group).

Results

The people with psychiatric disorders have higher level of loneliness (p< 0,01), especially with dementia and depression (p< 0,1), in comparison with the control group.

Conclusions

This pilot study, hand in hand with the relevant studies, demonstrates higher level of loneliness among people with specific psychiatric disorders. Therefore loneliness can be an important factor in etiology and therapy of mentall ilness.