bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response with combined modality treatment in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Raje Noopur S. , Rao Suchitra R. , Vaidya Sucheta J. , Shah Rajesh V. , Nair Chandrika N. , Pai Suresh K. , Kurkure Purna A. , Pande Subodhchandra C. , Desai Prafulla B. , Advani Suresh H.
Published: February 2007

Children diagnosed with rhabdomyosarcoma at the Tata Memorial Hospital during the period January 1986‐December 1988 were studied. All were treated with combination chemotherapy incorporating vincristine, Adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide given sequentially in repeated cycles over 18 months, along with local radiotherapy. Of 24 patients, 18 patients had advanced‐stage disease at onset. All patients have been followed up for 18 months or more. Of the 11 patients with group III disease, six are in complete remission; of the six patients with group IV disease, two patients are in complete remission. These results are clearly better than those achieved in the past, where surgery was employed as the primary modality of therapy with chemoradiotherapy given only for patients with group IV disease. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychologic and cosmetic self‐assessments of breast conserving therapy compared with mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction
Authors: Noguchi Masakuni , Kitagawa Hirohisa , Kinoshita Kazuo , Earashi M. , Miyazaki Itsuo , Tatsukuchi Sadako , Saito Yasuo , Mizukami Yuji , Nonomura Akira , Nakamura Shinobu , Michigishi Takatoshi
Published: February 2007

Cosmetic and psychologic morbidity was evaluated by patients self‐assessment in 42 patients who underwent breast conserving therapy (BCT) and 48 patients who underwent mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction (MIBR). Although sexual adjustment and fear of cancer recurrence were not significantly different between the two groups, body image was rated as significantly better in the BCT group. Additionally, in the MIBR group, nine patients expressed concern about abdominal or back scars and 15 related abdominal or back pain. Eighty‐three percent of the BCT group indicated BCT as a future choice of treatment, whereas only 38% of the MIBR group indicated MIBR as a future choice of treatment. Therefore, body image and patients' satisfaction were thought to have been improved by BCT, but psychologic morbidity was the same in both groups. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A component of systemic treatment regimens
Authors: Wolf J. Stuart , Aronson Frederick R. , Small Eric J. , Carroll Peter R.
Published: February 2007

New immunotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic regimens have altered the medical approach to metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Surgery for metastatic RCC needs to be reappraised in the context of these developments. We retrospectively examined the course of 25 patients with metastatic RCC who underwent nephrectomy or resection of renal fossa recurrences as an adjunct to intended systemic therapy. Four patients (16%) had complications and there was no perioperative mortality. Of 23 patients who had surgery first, 17 received subsequent systemic therapy and 2 experienced a response. Two patients underwent nephrectomy after achieving a partial response with systemic therapy. Overall, 3 patients (12%) are alive without detectable disease, 8 (32%) are alive with disease, and 14 (56%) are dead of disease, with a median survival of 23.5 months. Nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma may be associated with less morbidity and mortality than previously reported. When initial nephrectomy is performed, most patients go on to receive systemic therapy. Within the context of a systemic treatment regimen, nephrectomy continues to play a role in the management of selected patients with metastatic RCC. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morbidity of radical retropubic prostatectomy following previous prostate resection
Authors: Ramon Jacob , Rossignol Georges , Leandri Pierre , Gautier Jean Romain , Wajsman Zev
Published: February 2007

A total of 153 patients with prior prostate surgery underwent a radical retropubic prostatectomy for carcinoma of the prostate. Ninety‐seven patients had undergone transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), and 56 patients had undergone suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy (SPP). In 115 patients, the diagnosis of malignancy was made at the time of transurethral resection or enucleation. No perioperative deaths occurred and no patient suffered rectal injury or ureteral transection. Operative time and blood loss were similar between the TURP and SPP groups and were not different in a group of patients who had not had prior prostate surgery. Early and late complications occurred in eight patients (5.2%), of whom seven had had previous TURP. Complete urinary control was achieved in 96% (147) of the patients; stress incontinence was present in 4% (6 patients); and no patient was totally incontinent. Postoperative complications and the occurrence of stress incontinence were not related to the time elapsed between the previous prostate surgery and the radical prostatectomy. Sexual function was preserved in 32 (71%) of the 45 patients in whom we performed a nerve‐sparing radical prostatectomy. Residual cancer was found in the radical prostatectomy specimen in 77 (67%) of the stage A patients. Twenty‐nine (25%) of the stage A and 13 (34%) of the stage B patients had pathological evidence of disease extension beyond the confined prostate. Follow‐up was 6–92 months, with a mean of 32 months. Four patients died of prostatic cancer, two patients died without cancer, and five have evidence of disease progression; 142 (93%) are alive without evidence of disease. Although radical prostatectomy sometimes is more difficult after previous prostate surgery, operative complication rates, patient morbidity, and the opportunity for surgical cure are not different from those seen in patients with no history of previous prostate Operations. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survival differences between black and white women with breast cancer
Authors: Elias E. George , Suter Charles M. , Brown Sally D. , Buda Barbara S. , Vachon Debra A.
Published: February 2007

Several reports have indicated that black women with breast cancer have a poorer prognosis than white women. To investigate this phenomenon and to identify some of the underlying reasons, 172 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast, who were managed similarly, were studied. Survival analysis comparing the two populations with breast cancer revealed that white women had significantly longer overall survival (OS), P = 0.015 by Wilcoxon and 0.019 by log‐rank, and borderline significantly longer disease‐free survival (DFS), P = 0.04 by Wilcoxon and 0.07 by log‐rank. While there was no significant difference in OS and DFS between the two groups with negative nodes, significantly poorer DFS and OS was noted in black patients with one to three positive lymph nodes compared to white patients, P = 0.008. The white patients had a higher incidence of hormone receptor‐positive tumors, especially progesterone receptor (P = 0.0016). However, survival analysis failed to show any difference between the black and the white populations based on hormonal receptors. Such findings suggested that further investigation of other factor(s) is warranted. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective digital enhancement of conventional film mammography
Authors: Hale Maj. Douglas A. , Cook Jay F. , Baniqued Zita , Silva‐Hale Antonia , Molloy Mark , Pearl Richard H. , Hadro Neal C. , Jaques David P.
Published: February 2007

Screening mammography continues to play a key role in the early diagnosis of non‐palpable breast cancer. Approximately 5% of patients will have lesions on their mammograms that appear neither clearly benign nor malignant. The proper management of these patients is not well defined. In this study, the mammograms of 64 women who underwent breast biopsy were reviewed. After the initial review, the mammograms were reevaluated using a personal computer driven digital conversion and enhancement system. The majority of indeterminate lesions were assigned a determinate diagnosis by enhancing the areas of abnormality through enlargement, contrast adjustment, and brightness adjustment. The radiologists were able to maintain baseline sensitivity and specificity throughout this process. In contrast, enhancement of lesions initially assigned a diagnosis of characteristically benign or malignant demonstrated no advantage over plain film mammography. These findings suggest a role for the selective use of digital mammography and enhancement techniques. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mediastinal tracheostomy during esophagectomy for cervicothoracic esophageal carcinoma invading the proximal trachea
Authors: Kato Hoichi , Tachimori Yuji , Watanabe Hiroshi , Nakatsuka Takashi , Mashima Kazuhiko , Ebihara Satoshi , Harii Kiyonori
Published: February 2007

A total of 16 patients with carcinoma in the cervicothoracic esophagus underwent pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy with construction of a mediastinal tracheostoma. Among them, seven patients underwent transhiatal esophagectomy without thoracotomy, four proximal esophagectomy by cervicotomy and sternal split, and five cervical and thoracic esophagectomy and lymphadenectomy by cervicotomy and right thoracotomy. Free jejunal transfer was performed to reconstruct the esophagus in five patients, and the stomachs were used in ten. One patient died of pneumonia 27 days after surgery, and two of arterial blowout. Plastic and reconstructive surgery techniques were introduced to protect large vessels and cover the wound. The postoperative 30‐day mortality was 6.3% and the total operative mortality was 18.8%. Median survival was 327 days. Mediastinal tracheostomy is safely applicable today for patients with esophageal carcinoma invading the proximal trachea, allowing them to achieve safe respiration and to enjoy meals. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Production of cytokines by thyroid carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Yoshida Akira , Asaga Tarou , Masuzawa Chihiro , Kawahara Satoru , Yanoma Shunsuke , Harada Masaoki , Okamoto Takasi
Published: February 2007

Five cell lines were established from four undifferentiated carcinomas and one squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid. The levels of several kinds of cytokines were measured in the conditioned media of these cell lines by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) was produced by four of the five cell lines, interleukin‐1α (IL‐lα) by three cell lines, and granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) by two cell lines. The mRNA of IL‐lα or IL‐6 was detected by Northern blot analysis in all the cell lines which secreted these cytokines into culture medium. These results suggest that undifferentiated carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid frequently produce cytokines. Further studies are needed to clarify the possible clinical effects of these cytokines in patients with thyroid carcinoma. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
S100 protein positive human breast carcinomas: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Matsushima Shoko , Mori Masaki , Adachi Yosuke , Matsukuma Akito , Sugimachi Keizo
Published: February 2007

An immunohistochemical study for S100 protein was performed on 95 human breast carcinomas. S100 protein positive carcinoma cells were recognized in 54 cases (57%). The S100 protein positive and negative carcinomas were then compared in terms of stage, histologic type, nuclear grade, appearance of minute calcification, immunoreactivity for estrogen receptor (ER), tumor recurrent pattern, and prognosis. The S100 protein positive cases had a tendency to show a low nuclear grade (P < 0.01). They were also more often seen in the ER positive group. For further analysis of the nature of S100 protein positive carcinoma cells, immunoreactivity for neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) and actin was investigated. The positive staining for NSE and actin was seen in 46 cases (48%) and 3 cases (3%), respectively. There was, however, no specific correlation among the S100 protein, NSE, or actin staining. The nature of S100 protein positive carcinoma cells still remains unclear. The S100 protein positive carcinomas, however, exhibit relatively better characteristics. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of portal branch ligation on the outcome of repeat dearterializations of an experimental liver tumor in the rat
Authors: Wang Li‐Qing , Persson Bo G. , Stenram Unne , Bengmark Stig
Published: February 2007

It has been suggested that the portal vein should be occluded during intermittent hepatic dearterialization in order to induce a more complete ischemia of the tumor. In this experiment the influence of portal branch ligation in combination with repeat dearterializations on a liver tumor was investigated. Twenty‐seven rats were randomly allocated to sham treatment (n = 6); portal branch ligation (PBL) (n = 7); 120 min of repeat dearterialization (n = 7); and portal branch ligation (PBL) in combination with 50 min of repeat dearterialization (n = 7) (once a day during 5 days). The results showed that portal branch ligation alone did not alter the tumor growth compared with sham treatment (P > 0.05), nor did portal branch ligation in combination with repeat dearterializations for 50 min (P > 0.05). However, tumor growth delay was achieved following 120 min of repeat dearterializations without occlusion of the portal branch (P < 0.01 versus all the other groups). There was a significant weight loss of the lobe undergoing PBL, whether dearterialization was added or not (P < 0.001). The liver nucleotide/DNA and RNA/DNA ratio significantly decreased as well. Histological examination showed that > 50% of tumor cells became necrotic after repeat dearterializations for 2 hr indicating a significant damage to tumor tissue. In contrast, PBL in combination with repeat dearterializations for 50 min induced extensive liver necrosis without having any influence on tumor growth. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the prostate: A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Lee Shiong S.
Published: February 2007

On retrospective review of the tumor registry files between 1979 and 1992 at the North Iowa Medical Center, six cases of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the prostate were identified among 1582 cases of prostatic carcinoma. Along with long‐term clinicopathologic follow‐up, immunohistochemical studies of the prostatic tumor tissues were performed. All six cases of endometrioid carcinoma, together with control cases of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and ordinary adenocarcinoma of the prostate had unequivocal diffuse positive staining for PSA and similar reactivity to ER‐D5 and PS2. Thus, endometrioid carcinoma is most likely derived from the prostate or prostatic urethral duct rather than the utricle. However, due to its unusual initial clinical manifestations, biological behavior, and distinctive histomorphology, the term “endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the prostate” is worth preserving. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interrelationship of prolactin and its receptor in carcinoma of colon and rectum: A preliminary report
Authors: Bhatavdekar Jyotsna , Patel Devendra , Ghosh Nandita , Vora Hemangini , Shah Neelam , Karelia Nilkamal , Balar Damodar , Chikhlikar Priya , Dave Ruchita
Published: February 2007

The prolactin receptors (PRLR) were correlated with circulating prolactin arious clinicopathologic parameters to investigate its prognostic value in patients with colorectal cancer. The prolactin (by radioimmunoassay) and its receptors (by radioligand method) were estimated in a total of 71 male patients with colorectal cancer enrolled at the Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad. The patients were followed for a period of 3 years. We have observed that 51% colorectal tumors were PRLR+. Significant correlation was not observed between presence/absence of PRLR and clinicopathologic variables. Dukes' D patients were lost to follow‐up after 2–3 months; therefore, the results of prognostic significance were analysed only in patients with Dukes' A, B, and C (N = 64). Statistically significant difference in overall survival was not observed when the patients were subgrouped according to the presence/absence of PRLR and according to the cutoff level (i.e., 2%). PRLR+ hyperprolactinemic (Prolactin > 20.0 ng/ml plasma) patients had better overall survival than that of patients with PRLR− hyperprolactinemia, although the difference was statistically nonsignificant. However, PRLR− hyperprolactinemia patients had a more unfavourable prognosis than that of their counterparts. A similar trend was observed in patients with Dukes' B and C disease.

Our preliminary study suggests an unequivocal finding, that PRLR−with concomitant hyperprolactinemia probably characterises a subgroup of patients with aggressive colorectal cancer. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of intraoperative assessment of lymph node metastasis and serosal invasion in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Korenaga Daisuke , Okuyama Toshiro , Orita Hiroyuki , Anai Hideaki , Baba Hideo , Maehara Yoshihiko , Sugimachi Keizo
Published: February 2007

The clinical diagnoses of nodal status (N) and tumor invasion (T) were performed intraoperatively during 1499 consecutive operations for gastric carcinoma and compared with subsequent pathologic diagnoses. An accurate macroscopic diagnosis of N stage was difficult; overall accuracy was only 56.6%. Intraoperative assessment of T stage (particularly of serosal invasion) was correct for 93.2% of early stages of the disease with invasion confined to the mucosa or submucosa (pT1) when the pathologist assessed the T stage in the resected specimen, for 95.6% of advanced tumors invading the serosa (pT3), but for tumors of an intermediate stage with invasion involving the muscularis propria or the subserosa (pT2) in only 41.9% of cases. Macroscopic overestimation occurred in 58.1% of cases with pT2 tumors, which were characterized by carcinomas in the upper third of the stomach, tumors larger than 5 cm, carcinomas of the ulcerating type, differentiated adenocarcinomas, tumors invading the subserosa, and those accompanied by lymph node metastasis or liver metastasis. The overestimated group had a significantly poorer prognosis than the correctly assessed cases (P < 0.05). Since multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the significant risk factor related to the inaccurate intraoperative assessment of T stage was tumor size, the error in diagnosis may correlate with a greater degree of tumor spread. Surgeons should decide their therapeutic approach at the time of surgery on the basis of their intraoperative assessment of tumor spread. We recommend extensive surgery followed by adequate chemotherapy when serosal invasion is suspected at surgery. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How does negative clinical evaluation of ovarian carcinoma after full course of chemotherapy correlate with second‐look laparotomy findings?
Authors: Zorlu Cahit Gürkan , Cobanoḡlu ömer , Caḡlar Turhan , Ergun Yusuf , Kuscu Esra , Alaybeyoḡlu Tuncay
Published: February 2007

Surgical reexploration was performed in 46 patients with epithelial nonmucinous ovarian adenocarcinoma requiring adjuvant chemotherapy whose initial therapy consisted of optimum debulking and surgical staging. All patients were placed on CAP (cisplatinum, Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide) chemotherapy for at least six courses until proved to be clinically disease free (mainly CA‐125 below 35 U/ml and normal ultrasonography or computerized tomography). All women underwent second‐look laparotomy (SLL) after completion of adjuvant therapy. We classified SLL findings in five categories, namely, no evidence of disease, cytological evidence of disease, histological evidence of disease, macroscopic evidence of disease (<2 cm), and bulky tumor (>2 cm). SLL demonstrated 14 (30%) patients with disease. Of these, five cases had histological evidence of disease and nine had macroscopic disease; however, we found no patient with persistent disease larger than 1.5 cm. No patient in stage I demonstrated disease at SLL. All cases with macroscopic disease and three cases with histological disease were initially in stage III. We found that about one third of cases who were clinically free of disease had persistent disease at the completion of chemotherapy. Hence, we conclude that routine SLL is still of importance in the management of patients with epithelial ovarian adenocarcinoma except those with stage I disease. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surgery after radiochemotherapy for stage III lung cancer: Postoperative complications and late results
Authors: Tavecchio Luca , Ravasi Gianni , Bedini Amedeo V. , Gramaglia Alberto , Milani Franco
Published: February 2007

Fifty‐seven stage III lung cancer patients underwent radiochemotherapy and subsequent surgery. Forty radical (R−), six non‐radical, and eleven exploratory operations were performed. Pneumonia (five cases), pulmonary insufficiency (one case), bronchial fistula (one case) were the major non‐fatal complications. Four deaths due to adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or pulmonary embolism occurred. Sixty percent of the 10 patients who had no viable tumor at operation survived 3 years, as well as 41% of those who achieved a complete remission by resection and 11% of those with residual disease (R+) after operation. However, the 1‐ and 2‐year survival rates were similar. The main pattern of failure in R− and R+ patients was extra‐ and intra‐RT‐field progression, respectively. A slightly higher rate of postoperative complications, with respect to current practice, was observed. However, data lead to argument on the improvement of locoregional control and long‐term survival following radical surgery. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic value and clinicopathologic correlation of p53 gene mutations and nuclear DNA content in human lung cancer: A prospective study
Authors: Casson Alan G. , McCuaig Sheryl , Craig Ian , Ayed Adel , Inculet Richard , Kerkvliet Nancy , O'Malley Frances
Published: February 2007

The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether use of a combination of biomarkers, p53 and nuclear DNA content, led to improved prognosis and Clinicopathologic correlation in human non‐small cell lung cancer. Nineteen patients undergoing curative resection of primary non‐small cell lung cancer were evaluated. Resected tumors were studied by polymerase chain reaction/single strand conformation polymorphism analysis (p53 gene mutations), flow cytometry (nuclear DNA content and cell cycle analysis), and immunohistochemically (p53 oncoprotein). Histologically normal lung was used as an internal control for each patient. Minimum postoperative follow‐up was 4 years. p53 gene mutations (5/19 tumors; 26%), tumor ploidy (5/19 diploid), patterns of immunoreactivity, or combination of biomarkers did not appear to correlate with clinicopathologic findings or clinical outcome. Two of three patients with associated second primary malignancies, had squamous cell diploid tumors with p53 gene mutations. We conclude that p53 gene mutations and tumor ploidy may represent different biologic markers for human nonsmall cell lung cancer. Although trends in improved predictive accuracy were not seen when both markers were incorporated into the tumor analysis, flow cytometry and molecular analysis of the p53 gene may identify patients at increased risk of the development of a second primary maligmancy. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wilms' tumor: Long‐term results from a single institution
Authors: Zaghloul Mohamed S. , Hussein M. Hany , El Koutbey Montasser
Published: February 2007

One hundred‐twelve children with pathological diagnosis of Wilms' tumor were treated during the period 1979–1989. They were postoperatively staged as follows: stage I, 25 patients; stage II, 27 patients; stage III, 48 patients; and stage IV, 9 patients. Three patients were preoperatively classified as stage V. The National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS) staging system was used. Except for Stage V patients, the treatment regimen consisted of nephrectomy followed by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy according to stage of disease and pathology. Stage I, II, and III patients with favorable histology enjoyed 94 ± 6%, 86 ± 8%, and 71 ± 8% 10‐year actuarial survival, respectively. Stage IV patients and those in stages I, II, and III with unfavorable histology had a 10‐year actuarial survival of 36 ± 8%. Univariate analyses proved that NWTS stages affected the 10‐year actuarial disease‐free survival rates but not the overall survival rates. The histopathology significantly affected the disease‐free survival and the overall survival rates both in the whole group of patients and in each stage when considered separately. The same histopathology also affected the incidence of development of distant relapse but not the local recurrence rate.

On the other hand, massive tumor rupture at surgery increased the incidence of local relapse but not of distant metastasis and did not affect the overall survival rates. The presence of residuum after surgery had nearly the same effect as tumor rupture on the local recurrence. It also did not increase significantly the distant relapse incidence, but it affected significantly the overall survival. Retroperitoneal lymph node involvement had a similar effect. It increased the incidence of local relapse and decreased the 10‐year overall survival rate but it had a borderline effect on development of distant metastasis (P = 0.06). The age at diagnosis had also a borderline effect on disease‐free survival but it had no effect, of statistical significance, on the overall survival. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short‐term intrahepatic FUdR infusion combined with bolus mitomycin C: Reduced risk for developing drug resistance
Authors: Arisawa Yoshito , Sutanto‐Ward Erika , Dalton Rory R. , Sigurdson Elin R.
Published: February 2007

This study evaluates tumor response, survival, and development of resistance to HAI chemotherapy, comparing a combination of bolus MMC and short duration FUdR to short duration FUdR alone or to long duration FUdR alone, using a rat hepatic metastases model. After intrasplenic injection of 107 K12/TRb colon cancer cells in BD‐IX rats on day 0, hepatic metastases were evaluated and HA catheters were placed on day 14. The response was determined on day 28. Chemosensitivity of the hepatic metastases after HAI treatments was determined using the MTT assay. Bolus MMC with short duration FUdR as well as long‐term FUdR alone provided better hepatic tumor response and survival than short‐term FUdR alone. However, bolus MMC with short duration FUdR decreased the acquired resistance to FUdR, compared to long‐term FUdR, without causing resistance to MMC. These results provide a rationale for using short duration of FUdR in combination with other drugs. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adult paratesticular sarcomas: A report of eight cases
Authors: Rao C. Rama , Srinivasulu M. , Naresh K. N. , Doval D. C. , Hazarika D.
Published: February 2007

Eight adult paratesticular sarcomas seen at a Regional Cancer Centre over a 7‐year period are described. There were three cases of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), three cases of leiomyosarcoma (LMS), and two cases of liposarcoma (LS). The RMS occurred in a younger age group (3rd decade) than the LMS and LS (6th and 7th decades). Most of our patients presented with advanced disease after orchiectomy at other hospitals, three with recurrent or residual disease and four with metastasis. The single patient with RMS who received intensive adjuvant therapy is free of disease at 84 months in spite of the advanced stage at presentation. All three patients with LMS had an unfavourable clinical course. Both the patients with LS had well differentiated (WD) tumours and presented with recurrences, one over several years, following initial local excisions.

The necessity for early adequate surgical and adjuvant therapy and the need for a uniform treatment policy are discussed. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunological profile changes following perioperative autologous vs. homologous blood transfusion in oncologic patients
Authors: Peller Shoshana , Sayfan Joel , Levy Yeheskel , Oland Jan , Yona Rivka , Kaufman Suzana , Orda Ruben
Published: February 2007

To determine the effect of perioperative blood transfusion on immunological parameters, T cells, T‐cell subsets, and concanavalin A‐induced suppression were measured in 25 patients with colorectal and breast cancer. During the operation, 15 patients received autologous blood and 10 patients had homologous transfusion. The immunological status was again determined after curative surgery. Before surgery, normal percentage of T lymphocytes, decreased ratios of helper/suppressor cells, and impaired con A‐induced suppression were found. Following the operation, the helper and suppressor cell percentages reversed to normal, whereas the con A‐induced suppression remained impaired. This change was significantly more pronounced in patients who received autologous blood transfusion than in the other group. Autotransfusion has an impact on immune parameters that might prove less detrimental to the clinical outcome in oncologic surgery than homologous transfusion. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local hyperthermia abrogates the anti‐immunotherapeutic effect of interleukin‐8
Authors: Geehan Douglas M. , Fabian Dagmar F. , Lefor Alan T.
Published: February 2007

The therapeutic efficacy of cellular immunotherapy depends not only on the anti‐tumor activity of the administered effector cells but also on their ability to gain access to the tumor by extravasation. Although interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) has been shown to prevent the vascular leak associated with IL‐2, it also abrogates the anti‐tumor effect of IL‐2. We undertook these studies to determine if LHT could abrogate the anti‐immunotherapeutic effect of IL‐8, since IL‐8 inhibits leukocyte adhesion. C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups of six animals each after induction of MCA‐105 fibrosarcoma inoculated into the right bindlimb on day 0 and were treated begining on day 3 as follows: no therapy, IL‐2 alone (1.02 × 106 IU ip tid on days 3‐7), IL‐2 + IL‐8 (9.6 ng ip tid on days 3–7), and IL‐2 + IL‐8 + LHT (45C × 15 min on days 3, 5, and 7). Tumor growth was measured on days 10–21 and analyzed by Wilcoxon rank‐sum analysis. IL‐2 reduced tumor growth significantly (P < 0.05) compared to no therapy, and IL‐8 abrogated the anti‐tumor effect of IL‐2, resulting in tumor growth in animals receiving IL‐2 + IL‐8, similar to the no therapy group (P > 0.05). However, addition of LHT to IL‐2 + IL‐8 resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) less tumor growth than no therapy or IL‐2 + IL‐8. Activity of the mice was scored as an indicator of systemic toxicity. We found that IL‐8 was able to increase the activity (P = 0.07) of the mice when administered with IL‐2. These results suggest that IL‐8 may protect the tumorbearing animal from the systemic toxicity of IL‐2, while LHT abrogates the anti‐immunotherapeutic effect of IL‐8. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High proliferative rates demonstrated by bromodeoxyuridine labeling index in breast carcinomas with p53 overexpression
Authors: Meyer John S. , He Weihua
Published: February 2007

The protein p53 is a product of a suppressor oncogene. Mutations occurring in 13–15% of breast carcinomas are associated with p53 stainability within nuclei and progression of the tumor. We determined the extent to which p53 abnormality was associated with proliferation by measuring p53 immunohistochemically with a polyclonal antibody and monoclonal PAb1801 in invasive carcinomas of known S‐phase fraction (SPF) assessed histologically by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Results with the two antibodies always agreed. One of 20 low, 2/18 midrange, and 9/17 high SPF carcinomas were positive for p53. P53 positivity was also related to other indicators of aggressiveness including size of primary tumor, nuclear and nucleolar size, and estrogen and progesterone receptor content, but relationships between p53 and vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis were not found. We conclude that nuclear p53 accumulation is more closely related to proliferation than to invasion and metastasis, and that it identifies some but not all breast carcinomas with high proliferative indices. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endoscopically guided placement of nasogastric tubes in patients with esophageal carcinoma with absolute dysphagia: Report of a 3‐year experience
Authors: Shukla Nootan Kumar , Goel Arun Kumar , Seenu Vuthaluru , Nanda Rajesh , Deo Suryanarayana V. , Kriplani Ajay Kumay
Published: February 2007

Esophageal cancer often leads to total or near‐total dysphagia, necessitating placement of nasogastric tubes for nutritional support. In patients with failed blind intubation or even failed fluoroscopic‐guided tube placement, endoscopic guidance has a role to play. The catheter‐over‐guidewire technique is simple, safe, and easy to use. Over a period of 3 years, it was used in 28 patients who had esophageal cancer with absolute dysphagia. Successful placement of Levin tubes was achieved in 21 (75%) of these patients. Failure was more common in upper third lesions. The procedure was done on an outpatient basis, and no procedure‐related complications were recorded in this series. To summarize, endoscopically assisted nasogastric tube placement is a useful option in esophageal cancer when blind intubation has failed, and it should be considered in preference to fluoroscopic assistance if endoscopic facilities are available. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lipid peroxidation product in bile from patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder: A preliminary study
Authors: Shukla Vijay K. , Shukla Prabhat K. , Pandey Manoj , Rao Balaji R. , Roy Salil K.
Published: February 2007

Samples of gall bladder bile from patients with and without carcinoma of the gallbladder were examined for lipid peroxidation (free radical oxidation) products. 4‐hydroxynonenal (HNE) was found in higher concentration in the bile of patients with carcinoma of the gall bladder. There was also a highly significant difference in the concentration of HNE among carcinoma of the gall bladder, cholelithiasis and control group of patients with miscellaneous abdominal disorders. This is the first study of lipid peroxidation in carcinoma of the gall bladder. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of an established transplantable adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder in Syrian golden hamster
Authors: Inoue Keiji , Tomioka Tsutomu , Tajima Yoshitsugu , Fukahori Tomohiro , Eto Toshifumi , Tsunoda Tsukasa , Kanematsu Takashi
Published: February 2007

A carcinoma of the gallbladder was transplantable in Syrian golden hamsters. The tumor was induced by subcutaneous injection of N‐nitrosobis (2‐oxopropyl) amine (BOP) following dissection of the common duct and preparation of a cholecysto‐duodenostomy. The histology revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The tumor was inoculated into the cavity of the gallbladder and subcutaneous tissue of the hamster and was transplantable (uptake rate was 100%). This tumor expressed blood grouprelated antigens, including A, H, and P‐glycoproteins. To our knowledge, this is the first report of carcinoma of the gallbladder transplantable in a laboratory animal. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow cytometric analysis of variations in the DNA content of superficial and deep layers in colorectal cancer
Authors: Tomoda Hirotsugu , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Inoue Tetsuya
Published: February 2007

We investigated variations in the DNA content of multiple samples from both superficial and deep layers of tumors from 81 colorectal cancer cases. The findings were only diploid in 21 cases (25.9%) and only aneuploid in 49 cases (60.5%). On the whole, the DNA ploidy agreed in 70 cases (86.4%) between both layers. In the 49 cases with only aneuploid tumors in both layers, the DNA index (mean ± SD) was 1.58 ± 0.25 in the superficial layer and 1.59 ± 0.25 in the deep layer, with the values being almost identical. In contrast, a variation in the DNA ploidy of 11 cases (13.6%) was observed. These findings show that DNA ploidy remains stable during tumor progression from the superficial into the deep layers in most cases of colorectal cancer. However, the existence of heterogeneity in the DNA ploidy also shows that several specimens should be collected from both layers before making a determination of DNA ploidy. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nude mouse model to study passive humoral immunotherapy directed against B16 F10 murine melanoma
Authors: Shrayer David , Bogaars Hendrix , Gersten Douglas , Hearing Vincent , Maizel Abby , Wanebo Harold
Published: February 2007

A model to study passive humoral immunotherapy of experimental melanoma was generated by subcutaneous injection of B16 F10 murine melanoma cells in the midtail of BALB/C nude (nu/nu) mice. Mice were challenged with melanoma cells pretreated: (1) with complete culture medium, (2) with 10% adjuvant control serum, (3) with 10% anti‐fECA (formalinized extracellular antigens) immune serum, or (4) with a monoclonal antibody (mAb H2‐3‐3) specific for the B700 melanoma‐associated antigen. All control mice challenged with melanoma cells pretreated either with culture medium or with medium containing adjuvant control serum (Groups I and II) died during the observation period of 84 days. At day 84, 60% of the mice challenged with melanoma cells pretreated with anti‐fECA immune serum (Group III) survived, as did 100% of the mice challenged with cells pretreated with mAb H2‐3‐3 (Group IV). Injection of melanoma cells pretreated with mAb H2‐3‐3 was associated with the greatest reduction of subsequent local tumor growth and the lowest number of metastatic lung tumors. The inhibitory effects of immune sera in vivo also correlated with in vitro effects of anti‐fECA immune serum and mAb H2‐3‐3, determined on B16 F10 melanoma target cells using assays for DNA synthesis and antibody dependant cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In sum, this nude mouse model for the study of passive humoral immunotherapy of experimental melanoma was utilized to demonstrate significant protective effects against B16 F10 melanoma cell challenge by treatment with anti‐fECA immune sera or a melanoma‐specific monoclonal antibody. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of early‐stage gastric lymphoma
Authors: Ben‐Yosef Rami , Hoppe Richard T.
Published: February 2007

The treatment of early‐stage gastric lymphoma is controversial. This retrospective analysis reports on the outcome of 24 patients treated in our institution during the past 25 years. Fourteen patients had stage IEA, one patient had IEB, six patients IIEA1, and three patients had stage IIEA2 non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Diffuse large cell intermediate‐grade NHL was diagnosed in 17 patients, diffuse small cleaved cell in three patients, and diffuse mixed large and small cell lymphosarcoma, low‐grade B‐cell lymphoma, and unclassified lymphoma in one patient each. Fourteen patients underwent surgery, 21 had radiation therapy (XRT), and 10 patients received chemotherapy. Surgery + XRT were given to 7 patients, surgery + XRT + chemo and XRT alone were delivered to five patients each, and XRT + chemotherapy were employed in four patients. Surgery alone was the initial treatment in two patients and chemotherapy alone was given to one patient.

Following treatment 22/24 achieved a complete response. During a mean follow‐up period of 77.6 months (range 1‐285), five patients relapsed. At 10 years, the actuarial survival of the 15 patients with stage I disease was 57.4% and for stage II it was 51.9% (Gehan P‐value 0.33). Freedom from relapse (FFR) was 60.7% and 58.3%, respectively (P‐value 0.56). No significant statistical differences in terms of survival and FFR were noted in patients treated with surgery, chemotherapy, or XRT. The outcome of patients treated with triple‐modality therapy was similar to those treated with double‐modality therapy and to patients treated with XRT alone. Gender, age, presenting symptoms, depth of tumor through the gastric wall, and stage were not statistically significant for prediction of either survival or FFR.

Both surgery + XRT and chemotherapy + XRT are effective in the treatment of early‐stage gastric disease. XRT alone is equally effective as two or three modality treatments in the subset of patients with early‐stage gastric lymphoma. However, the low number of patients treated with various approaches over a long period precludes a firm conclusion. Until prospective randomized studies are initiated, management programs should be individually tailored. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Surgery for brain metastases from nonsmall cell lung carcinomas and tissue cultures from the resected specimens
Authors: Kodama Ken , Doi Osamu , Higashiyama Masahiko , Yokouchi Hideoki , Nakagawa Hidemitsu , Mori Yoichi
Published: February 2007

Between 1978 and 1989, 44 patients underwent 44 thoracotomies and 55 craniotomies for nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and its brain metastases. Patient ages ranged from 20 to 75 years. There were no intraoperative mortalities. The 2‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates following the initial craniotomy were 23%, 10%, and 10%, respectively. Patient survival did not differ with respect to solitary or multiple metastases or the sequence of surgery for primary lesion and brain metastases. Moreover, there was no significant difference in survival between patients treated by surgery alone and those receiving surgery followed by whole brain radiotherapy. After 1985, in vitro tissue culture was attempted using freshly resected specimens of brain metastases obtained from 30 consecutive cases. Of those specimens, nine (30%) were successfully established as permanent cell lines. Eight of those cell lines revealed DNA‐aneuploid pattern on flow cytometric analysis. The remaining cell line was not analyzed. Karyotype analysis was also performed in eight of nine established cell lines. Two adenocarcinoma cell lines showed the presence of +3p‐ chromosome, and three showed +7q‐ chromosome as recurrent chromosomal abnormalities. These findings provide new evidence concerning the presence of 3p‐ and/or 7q‐ marker chromosomes in certain adenocarcinoma cell lines established from brain metastases. The prognosis was poorer in the group with in vitro tumor growth than that in the group showing no in vitro tumor growth. These cell lines established from brain metastases may be useful materials not only for studying the biological characteristics and chemo‐sensitivity testing, but also for estimating prognoses after resection of brain metastases. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diminished visceral adipose tissue in cancer cachexia
Authors: Ogiwara Hiroyuki , Takahashi Seiichi , Kato Yutaro , Uyama Ichiro , Takahara Tetsuya , Kikuchi Kaichiro , Iida Shuhei
Published: February 2007

To estimate the relationship between the visceral adipose tissue (AT) area and cancer cachexia, 13 cachectic patients (7 males, 6 females; age 65.2 ± 11.0 years; body mass index 20.8 ± 4.1 kg/m2) were examined by computed tomography (CT) scanning. Cachectic cancer patients who had a 10% decrease of body weight and died within 6 months because of gastrointestinal carcinoma had a significantly smaller visceral AT area than control subjects (mean ± sd: 43.9 ± 42.2 cm2 vs. 93.4 ± 56.0 cm2, P < 0.05, P=0.014). Otherwise, there were no significant differences between the visceral AT areas of cachectic cancer patients and those of cancer patients with resectable tumors treated by curative operation (mean ± sd: 68.8 ± 57.7 cm2) (NS, P=0.206). There was, however, a tendency for cachectic cancer patients to have a smaller visceral AT area than those with resectable tumors. This result suggests that the visceral AT area is not preserved in the cachectic state associated with cancer. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survival and toxicity of xenogeneic murine retroviral vector producer cells in liver
Authors: Moorman Donald W. , Butler Daniel A. , Stanley J. Daniel , Lamsam Jesse L. , Culver Kenneth W. , Ackermann Mark R. , Jacobson Carol D.
Published: February 2007

Murine retroviral vector producer cells (VPC) can selectively transfer genes stably into proliferating cells. We injected LacZ gene producing VPC directly into normal rat liver. There was no measurable gene transfer into the surrounding hepatic parenchyma with X‐GAL staining. Rejection of the xenogeneic murine VPC occurred 7‐14 days after injection. Toxicity of this delivery method was evaluated with the herpes simplex‐thymidine kinase (HS‐tk) gene, which confers sensitivity to the antiherpes drug, ganciclovir (GCV). HS‐tk VPC were injected and allowed to grow in normal liver for 7 days before GCV treatment. There was no clinical or histologic evidence of toxicity with GCV treatment. These findings suggest that the direct injection of murine VPC into xenogeneic human tumors may survive sufficiently long without immunosuppression to transfer genes to tumor cells in situ without attendant toxicity. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clostridium difficile toxin a therapy for hct 116 human colon cancer in nude mice
Authors: Kushnaryov Vladimir M. , Hernandez Irene , Grossberg Sidney E. , Redlich Philip N.
Published: February 2007

Clostridium difficile toxin A was evaluated for an antitumor effect in vivo on HCT 116 human colon carcinoma cells growing subcutaneously in nude mice. A mean reduction in tumor volume of at least 65%, by measurement in three dimensions, was observed in mice who received two 9‐ to 13‐day courses of daily intraperitoneal injections of toxin A as compared to mice receiving diluent alone. Reversible adverse effects of toxin A were noted in some animals, consisting primarily of liver toxicity and skin rash. HCT 116 cells in toxin A‐treated mice grew as flattened tumors with ulcerated centers compared to rounded tumors without ulceration in controls. Histologic examination of tumors from representative mice revealed that two thirds of the tumor in a treated mouse was necrotic compared to only one third in a control, suggesting greater antitumor efficacy of toxin A than estimated by tumor measurements alone. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary squamous cell carcinoma within a solitary nonparasitic hepatic cyst
Authors: Ghossein Ronald , Banbury Jillian , Conlon Kevin C. , Brennan Murray F.
Published: February 2007

A case report is presented of a patient who developed primary squamous cell carcinoma in a solitary nonparasitic hepatic cyst. The clinical presentation, operative management, and pathological findings are discussed. This case is unusual as the histology demonstrates transition from columnar cell architecture through squamous cell metaplasia and carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Liver metastases from soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Hafner Gordon H. , Rao Uma , Karakousis Constantine P.
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐three patients with liver metastases from soft tissue sarcoma were reviewed.

Patients with metastases to the liver first had poorer survival than those who developed spread to other sites first (P=.0035). The median time from diagnosis of the primary tumor to diagnosis of liver metastases was 14 months; the median time from diagnosis of liver metastases to death was 7 months. The median survival from diagnosis for four patients who underwent liver resection was 54 months compared to 20 months for those who did not undergo resection (NS).

Soft tissue sarcomas rarely metastasize to the liver; when this occurs it is usually late in the course of the disease and after it has spread to other sites. The opportunity for successful liver resection is infrequent but may prolong survival. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.