bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum Computing: Bridging the National Security–Digital Sovereignty Divide
Authors: Liman Anders , Weber Kate
Published: July 2023

Quantum computing research and development efforts have grown dramatically over the past decades, led in part by initiatives from governments around the world. Government quantum computing investments are often driven by national security or digital sovereignty concerns, with the language used depending on the geography involved. For example, a focus on “national security” and quantum computing is prominent in the USA, while European countries regularly focus on “digital sovereignty”. These phrases are often loosely defined and open to interpretation, and they share some common motivations and characteristics (but also have important differences). This paper identifies specific governmental entities typifying the national security/digital sovereignty perspectives, along with these organisations’ respective roles within national and international policy engagement in quantum computing. It analyses governmental structures, historical developments and cultural characteristics that contributed to this national security–digital sovereignty divide. Building on this analysis, we use the history of other technologies to illustrate how we might adapt tested policy approaches to modern political dynamics and to quantum computing specifically. We frame these policy approaches so that they do not overemphasise “digital sovereignty” or “national security”, but rather address interests shared across both concepts, with a view to facilitating international collaboration.
Comparison of the duration of estradiol administration and the effect on pregnancy outcome of day 3 vitrified–warmed embryo transfer cycle: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zarei Afsoon , Keshavarzi Ameneh , Zare Maryam
Published: July 2023

Based on the fact that the follicular phase in the menstrual cycle has length variation, it has been assumed that the duration of oestrogen (E2) administration could also be variable; therefore, for the first time, this randomized clinical trial study was conducted to investigate and compare the duration of estradiol administration and the effect on pregnancy outcomes in the cleavage-stage frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycle. We included women aged 20–40 with a normal uterus on hysteroscopy between September and December 2022 and who were divided randomly into three groups: group A [n = 79; 8–11 days of oestrogen before progesterone (P4) supplementation], group B (n = 78; 12–14 days of oestrogen before P4 supplementation), and group C (n = 76; 15–18 days of estrogen before P4 supplementation). Serum levels for E2 on the initial progesterone day and P4 on the transfer day were measured. The effect of the duration of E2 administration on clinical pregnancy and pregnancy loss was investigated. We found no significant differences between the three groups in the clinical pregnancy rate (P = 0.696) and clinical abortion rate (P = 0.925) according to the duration of the E2. There was no significant difference in the E2, P4 levels, and endometrial thickness in pregnant vs. non-pregnant women. The mean of the E2 and P4 levels was 300.03 ± 22.21 and 25.36 ± 5.78, respectively. Our findings suggest that variation in the length of E2 administration (8–18 days) before progesterone initiation in day 3 FET cycles does not affect pregnancy outcome and transfer time can be flexibly arranged.
The impact of fragmented QRS on clinical findings and outcomes in children with dilated cardiomyopathy with or without left ventricular non-compaction
Authors: Bayram Özlem , Ramoğlu Mehmet G. , Karagözlü Selen , Bakhtiyarzada Jeyhun , Aydın Alperen , Gurbanov Anar , Murt Begüm , Yılmaz M. Mustafa , Özerdem Burak , Uçar Tayfun , Kendirli Tanıl , Tutar H. Ercan
Published: July 2023

Objective:

The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of fragmented QRS and its associations with clinical findings and prognosis in children diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy with or without left ventricular non-compaction.

Methods:

This retrospective study was conducted between 2010 and 2020. Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy were classified into two groups according to the presence of left ventricular non-compaction: Dilated cardiomyopathy with left ventricular non-compaction and dilated cardiomyopathy without left ventricular non-compaction. Patients were also divided into two groups according to the presence of fragmented QRS (fragmented QRS group and non-fragmented QRS group).

Results:

Twenty-three of 44 patients (52.3%) were male. Among left ventricular non-compaction patients, the fragmented QRS group had more complex ventricular arrhythmias (p = 0.003). Patients with fragmented QRS had a significantly higher rate of major adverse cardiac events and/or cardiac death in both cardiomyopathy groups (p = 0.003 and p = 0.005). However, the rate of major adverse cardiac events and/or cardiac death was similar between dilated cardiomyopathy patients with and without left ventricular non-compaction. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of fragmented QRS strongly predicts major adverse cardiac events and/or cardiac death (odds ratio, 31.186; 95% confidence interval, 2.347–414.307). Although the survival rates between cardiomyopathy groups were similar, patients with fragmented QRS had a markedly lower survival rate during the follow-up period, as mean of 15 months (p = 0.001).

Conclusion:

Our study showed that the presence of fragmented QRS may be an important ECG sign predicting an major adverse cardiac event and/or cardiac death in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. We believe that recognising fragmented QRS could be valuable in forecasting patient prognosis and identifying high-risk patients who require additional support.
Development of a model and method for hospice quality assessment from natural language processing (NLP) analysis of online caregiver reviews
Authors: Hotchkiss Jason T. , Ridderman Emily , Bufkin William
Published: July 2023

Objectives

With a fraction of hospices having their Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS®) scores on Hospice Compare, a significant reservoir of hospice quality data remains in online caregiver reviews. The purpose of this study was to develop a method and model of hospice quality assessment from caregiver reviews using Watson’s carative model.

Methods

Retrospective mixed methods of pilot qualitative thematic analysis and sentiment analysis using NLP of Google and Yelp caregiver reviews between 2013 and 2023. We employed stratified sampling, weighted according to hospice size, to emulate the daily census of enrollees across the United States. Sentiment analysis was performed (n = 3393) using Google NLP.

Results

Two themes with the highest prevalence had moderately positive sentiments (S): Caring staff (+.47) and Care quality, comfort and cleanliness (+.41). Other positive sentiment scores with high prevalence were Gratitude and thanks (+.81), “Treating the patient with respect” (+.54), and “Emotional, spiritual, bereavement support” (+.60). Lowest sentiment scores were “Insurance, administrative or billing” (–.37), “Lack of staffing” (–.32), and “Communication with the family” (–.01).

Significance of results

In the developed quality model, caregivers recommended hospices with caring staff, providing quality care, responsive to requests, and offering family support, including bereavement care. All ten Watson's carative factors and all eight CAHPS measures were presented in the discovered review themes of the quality model. Close-ended CAHPS scores and open-ended online reviews have substantial conceptual overlap and complementary insights. Future hospice quality research should explore caregiver expectations and compare review themes by profit status.
Handedness and 23 Early Life Characteristics in 37,495 Dutch Twins
Authors: Odintsova Veronika V. , van Dongen Jenny , van Beijsterveldt Catharina E. M. , Ligthart Lannie , Willemsen Gonneke , de Geus Eco J. C. , Dolan Conor V. , Boomsma Dorret I.
Published: July 2023

In studies of singletons, a range of early-life characteristics have been reported to be associated with handedness, but some of these associations have failed to replicate. We examined associations between 23 early life characteristics with handedness in a large sample of 37,495 5-year-old twins. We considered three definitions of handedness: left-handedness (LH), mixed-handedness (MH), and non-right-handedness (NRH). Our main aim was to test whether the associations with sex, birth weight, gestational age, and season of birth — as reported in singletons — replicate in twins, and to examine twin-specific variables, including zygosity, chorionicity, birth order, and intertwin delivery time. Compared to previously published data from adults born as singletons (7.23%), the prevalence of NRH was higher in both twins (16.19%) and their parents (15.09%). In the twins, LH and NRH were associated with parents’ LH. Male sex and lower gestational age were associated with NRH, and LH was associated with not being breastfed. MH was related to neurodevelopmental delays and higher externalizing problems later in childhood. Other previously reported associations were not replicated, and no twin-specific characteristics were related to handedness. These results emphasize the importance of considering multiple definitions of handedness and indicate a small number of replicated associations across studies.
The Misinformation Receptivity Framework
Authors: Zmigrod Leor , Burnell Ryan , Hameleers Michael
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Evaluating the truthfulness of new information is a difficult and complex task. Notably, there is currently no unified theoretical framework that addresses the questions of (1) how individuals discern whether political information is true or (deliberately) false, (2) under what conditions individuals are most susceptible to believing misinformation, and (3) how the structure of political and communicative environments skews cognitive processes of truth, discernment, and interpretation generation. To move forward, we propose the Misinformation Receptivity Framework (MRF). Building on Bayesian and probabilistic models of cognition, the MRF suggests that we can conceptualize misinformation receptivity as a cognitive inference problem in which the reliability of incoming misinformation is weighed against the reliability of prior beliefs. This “reliability-weighting” process can model when individuals adopt or reject misinformation, as well as the ways in which they creatively generate interpretations rather than passively discern truth versus falsehood. Moreover, certain communication contexts can lead people to rely excessively on incoming (mis)information or conversely to rely excessively on prior beliefs. The MRF postulates how such environmental properties can heighten the persuasiveness of different kinds of misinformation. For instance, the MRF predicts that noisy communication contexts, in which the reliability of inputs is ambiguous, make people susceptible to highly partisan and ideological misinformation or disinformation that amplifies their existing belief systems. By contrast, the MRF predicts that contextual instability renders people susceptible to misinformation that would be considered extreme or worldview-incongruent in conditions of stability. The MRF formally delineates the interactions between cognitive and communicative mechanisms, offering insights and testable hypotheses on when, how, and why different kinds of misinformation proliferate.
The First GECAM Observation Results on Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes and Terrestrial Electron Beams
Authors: Zhao Y. , Liu J. C. , Xiong S. L. , Xue W. C. , Yi Q. B. , Lu G. P. , Xu W. , Lyu F. C. , Sun J. C. , Peng W. X. , Zheng C. , Zhang Y. Q. , Cai C. , Xiao S. , Xie S. L. , Wang C. W. , Tan W. J. , An Z. H. , Chen G. , Du Y. Q. , Huang Y. , Gao M. , Gong K. , Guo D. Y. , He J. J. , Li B. , Li G. , Li X. Q. , Li X. B. , Liao J. Y. , Liang J. , Liang X. H. , Liu Y. Q. , Ma X. , Qiao R. , Song L. M. , Song X. Y. , Sun X. L. , Wang J. , Wang J. Z. , Wang P. , Wen X. Y. , Wu H. , Xu Y. B. , Yang S. , Zhang B. X. , Zhang D. L. , Zhang F. , Zhang P. , Zhang H. M. , Zhang Z. , Zhao X. Y. , Zheng S. J. , Zhang K. K. , Han X. B. , Wu H. Y. , Hu T. , Geng H. , Zhang H. B. , Lu F. J. , Zhang S. N. , Yu H.
Published: July 2023

Gravitational‐wave high‐energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All‐sky Monitor (GECAM) is a space‐borne instrument dedicated to monitoring high‐energy transients, including Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes (TGFs) and Terrestrial Electron Beams (TEBs). We implemented a TGF/TEB search algorithm for GECAM, with which 147 bright TGFs, 2 typical TEBs and 2 special TEB‐like events are identified during an effective observation time of ∼9 months. We show that, with gamma‐ray and charged particle detectors, GECAM can effectively identify and distinguish TGFs and TEBs, and measure their temporal and spectral properties in detail. A very high TGF‐lightning association rate of ∼80% is obtained between GECAM and GLD360 in east Asia region.
Jets and Mirror Mode Waves in Earth's Magnetosheath
Authors: Blanco‐Cano X. , Rojas‐Castillo D. , Kajdič P. , Preisser L.
Published: July 2023

Magnetosheath jets are localized plasma structures with high dynamic pressure which are frequently observed downstream of the Earth's bow shock. In this work we analyze Magnetospheric MultiScale magnetic field and plasma data and show that jets can be found in the quasi‐perpendicular magnetosheath in regions permeated by Mirror mode waves (MMWs). We show that structures identified as jets by their enhanced dynamic pressure can have very different internal structure, with variable signatures in magnetic field magnitude and components, velocity, and density and can be associated to ion distribution functions of various types. This suggests that jets observed in the quasi‐perpendicular magnetosheath are generated by different mechanisms. We find that jets can be related to traveling foreshocks, flux transfer events, and some have MMWs inside them. Our results suggest that some jets have a local source and their formation does not depend on upstream structures. We find that different types of ion distributions can exist inside the jets, while in some cases anisotropic distributions are present, in others counterstreaming distributions exist. We also show that for jets with MMWs inside them, ion distributions can be modulated. This highlights the importance of using ion distributions to identify and classify different types of jets.
Warm Season Extreme Flood Events in the Midwestern US—Sources of Moisture and Physical Mechanisms
Authors: Kim SeungUk , Dominguez Francina
Published: July 2023

A comprehensive picture of the development of warm season extreme floods in the Midwestern US is presented. We first identify the climatological moisture sources for precipitation in the Midwest using the two‐layer dynamic recycling model (2L‐DRM) with ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) data. Terrestrial sources supply most of the moisture for Midwestern US precipitation during the warm season, while oceanic sources dominate during the cold season. The Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis is used to select extreme flood events characterized by both positive soil moisture and precipitation anomalies. During the warm season flood events, moisture coming from oceanic sources increases by more than 45% compared to the climatology. In addition, our results show that moisture can come from remote regions due to sustained anomalous circulation. Low‐level circulation anomalies associated with wave trains that traverse the continent enhance moisture contributions from terrestrial sources along narrow paths. However, moisture budget analysis reveals that the primary flood‐producing mechanism is the convergence of moisture due to intense circulation anomalies. Moisture advection and thermodynamic terms are responsible for flood termination. Our results suggest that knowledge of antecedent wet soil moisture conditions is unlikely to improve the predictability of flood‐producing storms.
Increasing Intensity of Extreme Heatwaves: The Crucial Role of Metrics
Authors: Russo Emmanuele , Domeisen Daniela I. V.
Published: July 2023

In weather and climate applications, a wide range of commonly employed heatwave intensity indices relies either on cumulative or averaged values of temperature‐based variables. In this study, by comparing four different heatwave intensity indices applied to reanalysis data we show that metrics based on cumulative or averaged values lead to important differences in the detection of the most intense events of the period 1950–2021. This suggests that particular attention is needed when using the two families of metrics for assessing heatwave intensity. Indices based on cumulative values should be preferred over the ones relying on temporal averages, better allowing for the comparison of events of different length. Under these considerations, one of the considered cumulative indices is used for characterizing heatwaves of the period 1950–2021, showing that heatwaves that were unlikely before 1986 have become almost 10 times more frequent and up to three times more intense during recent times.
Long noncoding RNA LINC01594 inhibits the CELF6-mediated splicing of oncogenic CD44 variants to promote colorectal cancer metastasis
Authors: Liu Bowen , Song Angxi , Gui Pengkun , Wang Jin , Pan Yaojie , Li Chao , Li Shuai , Zhang Yi , Jiang Tao , Xu Yixin , Pei Dongsheng , Song Jun
Published: July 2023

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) need further exploration. By using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO databases, we identified a novel CRC-related lncRNA, LINC01594, that is significantly upregulated in CRC and associated with poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo, gain- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that LINC01594 promotes metastasis in CRC. LINC01594 functions as a DNMT1 scaffold, increasing the level of CELF6 promoter methylation. LINC01594 also competitively binds the transcription factor p53, decreasing CELF6 expression. This inhibited the exon skipping of CD44 V4–V7 induced by CELF6. In summary, this study highlights a novel CRC biomarker and therapeutic target, LINC01594, and the findings suggest that the LINC01594-CELF6-CD44 axis might serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target in CRC.
Lactate-dependent transcriptional regulation controls mammalian eye morphogenesis
Authors: Takata Nozomu , Miska Jason M. , Morgan Marc A. , Patel Priyam , Billingham Leah K. , Joshi Neha , Schipma Matthew J. , Dumar Zachary J. , Joshi Nikita R. , Misharin Alexander V. , Embry Ryan B. , Fiore Luciano , Gao Peng , Diebold Lauren P. , McElroy Gregory S. , Shilatifard Ali , Chandel Navdeep S. , Oliver Guillermo
Published: July 2023

Mammalian retinal metabolism favors aerobic glycolysis. However, the role of glycolytic metabolism in retinal morphogenesis remains unknown. We report that aerobic glycolysis is necessary for the early stages of retinal development. Taking advantage of an unbiased approach that combines the use of eye organoids and single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify specific glucose transporters and glycolytic genes in retinal progenitors. Next, we determine that the optic vesicle territory of mouse embryos displays elevated levels of glycolytic activity. At the functional level, we show that removal of Glucose transporter 1 and Lactate dehydrogenase A gene activity from developing retinal progenitors arrests eye morphogenesis. Surprisingly, we uncover that lactate-mediated upregulation of key eye-field transcription factors is controlled by the epigenetic modification of histone H3 acetylation through histone deacetylase activity. Our results identify an unexpected bioenergetic independent role of lactate as a signaling molecule necessary for mammalian eye morphogenesis.
Conformal in-ear bioelectronics for visual and auditory brain-computer interfaces
Authors: Wang Zhouheng , Shi Nanlin , Zhang Yingchao , Zheng Ning , Li Haicheng , Jiao Yang , Cheng Jiahui , Wang Yutong , Zhang Xiaoqing , Chen Ying , Chen Yihao , Wang Heling , Xie Tao , Wang Yijun , Ma Yinji , Gao Xiaorong , Feng Xue
Published: July 2023

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have attracted considerable attention in motor and language rehabilitation. Most devices use cap-based non-invasive, headband-based commercial products or microneedle-based invasive approaches, which are constrained for inconvenience, limited applications, inflammation risks and even irreversible damage to soft tissues. Here, we propose in-ear visual and auditory BCIs based on in-ear bioelectronics, named as SpiralE, which can adaptively expand and spiral along the auditory meatus under electrothermal actuation to ensure conformal contact. Participants achieve offline accuracies of 95% in 9-target steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) BCI classification and type target phrases successfully in a calibration-free 40-target online SSVEP speller experiment. Interestingly, in-ear SSVEPs exhibit significant 2nd harmonic tendencies, indicating that in-ear sensing may be complementary for studying harmonic spatial distributions in SSVEP studies. Moreover, natural speech auditory classification accuracy can reach 84% in cocktail party experiments. The SpiralE provides innovative concepts for designing 3D flexible bioelectronics and assists the development of biomedical engineering and neural monitoring.
Acidic enol electrooxidation-coupled hydrogen production with ampere-level current density
Authors: Chen Zheng-Jie , Dong Jiuyi , Wu Jiajing , Shao Qiting , Luo Na , Xu Minwei , Sun Yuanmiao , Tang Yongbing , Peng Jing , Cheng Hui-Ming
Published: July 2023

Hydrogen production coupled with biomass upgrading is vital for future sustainable energy developments. However, most biomass electrooxidation reactions suffer from high working voltage and low current density, which substantially hinder large-scale industrial applications. Herein, we report an acidic hydrogen production system that combined anodic ascorbic acid electrooxidation with cathodic hydrogen evolution. Unlike C-H and O-H bonds cleavage with slow kinetics in conventional organic oxidation, the highly active enol structure in ascorbic acid allows for an ultralow overpotential of only 12 mV@10 mA/cm2using Fe single-atom catalysts, and reaches 1 A/cm2at only 0.75 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode) with approximately 100% Faraday efficiency for hydrogen production. Furthermore, the fabricated two-electrode membrane-free electrolyser delivers an industrial current density of 2 A/cm2@1.1 V at 60 °C (2.63 kWh/Nm3 H2), which requires half of the electricity consumption in conventional water electrolysis (~5 kWh/Nm3 H2). This work provides a new avenue for achieving industrial-scale hydrogen production from biomass.
Sequence-based drug design as a concept in computational drug design
Authors: Chen Lifan , Fan Zisheng , Chang Jie , Yang Ruirui , Hou Hui , Guo Hao , Zhang Yinghui , Yang Tianbiao , Zhou Chenmao , Sui Qibang , Chen Zhengyang , Zheng Chen , Hao Xinyue , Zhang Keke , Cui Rongrong , Zhang Zehong , Ma Hudson , Ding Yiluan , Zhang Naixia , Lu Xiaojie , Luo Xiaomin , Jiang Hualiang , Zhang Sulin , Zheng Mingyue
Published: July 2023

Drug development based on target proteins has been a successful approach in recent decades. However, the conventional structure-based drug design (SBDD) pipeline is a complex, human-engineered process with multiple independently optimized steps. Here, we propose a sequence-to-drug concept for computational drug design based on protein sequence information by end-to-end differentiable learning. We validate this concept in three stages. First, we design TransformerCPI2.0 as a core tool for the concept, which demonstrates generalization ability across proteins and compounds. Second, we interpret the binding knowledge that TransformerCPI2.0 learned. Finally, we use TransformerCPI2.0 to discover new hits for challenging drug targets, and identify new target for an existing drug based on an inverse application of the concept. Overall, this proof-of-concept study shows that the sequence-to-drug concept adds a perspective on drug design. It can serve as an alternative method to SBDD, particularly for proteins that do not yet have high-quality 3D structures available.
Production of gas-releasing electrolyte-replenishing Ah-scale zinc metal pouch cells with aqueous gel electrolyte
Authors: Wang Feifei , Zhang Jipeng , Lu Haotian , Zhu Hanbing , Chen Zihui , Wang Lu , Yu Jinyang , You Conghui , Li Wenhao , Song Jianwei , Weng Zhe , Yang Chunpeng , Yang Quan-Hong
Published: July 2023

Aqueous zinc batteries are ideal candidates for grid-scale energy storage because of their safety and low-cost aspects. However, the production of large-format aqueous Zn batteries is hindered by electrolyte consumption, hydrogen gas evolution and accumulation, and Zn dendrites growth. To circumvent these issues, here we propose an “open” pouch cell design for large-format production of aqueous Zn batteries, which can release hydrogen gas and allow the refilling of the electrolyte components consumed during cell cycling. The cell uses a gel electrolyte containing crosslinked kappa (k)-carrageenan and chitosan. It bonds water molecules and hinders their side reaction with Zn, preventing electrolyte leakage and fast evaporation. As a proof-of-concept, we report the assembly and testing of a Zn | |ZnxV2O5·nH2O multi-layer “open” pouch cell using the carrageenan/chitosan gel electrolyte, which delivers an initial discharge capacity of 0.9 Ah and 84% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 200 mA g‒1, 370 kPa and 25 °C.
3D hierarchical graphene matrices enable stable Zn anodes for aqueous Zn batteries
Authors: Mu Yongbiao , Li Zheng , Wu Bu-ke , Huang Haodong , Wu Fuhai , Chu Youqi , Zou Lingfeng , Yang Ming , He Jiafeng , Ye Ling , Han Meisheng , Zhao Tianshou , Zeng Lin
Published: July 2023

Metallic zinc anodes of aqueous zinc ion batteries suffer from severe dendrite and side reaction issues, resulting in poor cycling stability, especially at high rates and capacities. Herein, we develop two three-dimensional hierarchical graphene matrices consisting of nitrogen-doped graphene nanofibers clusters anchored on vertical graphene arrays of modified multichannel carbon. The graphene matrix with radial direction carbon channels possesses high surface area and porosity, which effectively minimizes the surface local current density, manipulates the Zn2+ ions concentration gradient, and homogenizes the electric field distribution to regulate Zn deposition. As a result, the engineered matrices achieve a superior coulombic efficiency of 99.67% over 3000 cycles at 120 mA cm−2, the symmetric cells with the composite zinc anode demonstrates 2600 h dendrite-free cycles at 80 mA cm−2 and 80 mAh cm−2. The as-designed full cell exhibits an inspiring capacity of 16.91 mAh cm−2. The Zn capacitor matched with activated carbon shows a superior long-term cycle performance of 20000 cycles at 40 mA cm−2. This strategy of constructing a 3D hierarchical structure for Zn anodes may open up a new avenue for metal anodes operating under high rates and capacities.
Transplanting FVIII/ET3-secreting cells in fetal sheep increases FVIII levels long-term without inducing immunity or toxicity
Authors: Rodriguez Martin , Trevisan Brady , Ramamurthy Ritu M. , George Sunil K. , Diaz Jonathan , Alexander Jordan , Meares Diane , Schwahn Denise J. , Quilici David R. , Figueroa Jorge , Gautreaux Michael , Farland Andrew , Atala Anthony , Doering Christopher B. , Spencer H. Trent , Porada Christopher D. , Almeida-Porada Graça
Published: July 2023

Hemophilia A is the most common X-linked bleeding disorder affecting more than half-a-million individuals worldwide. Persons with severe hemophilia A have coagulation FVIII levels <1% and experience spontaneous debilitating and life-threatening bleeds. Advances in hemophilia A therapeutics have significantly improved health outcomes, but development of FVIII inhibitory antibodies and breakthrough bleeds during therapy significantly increase patient morbidity and mortality. Here we use sheep fetuses at the human equivalent of 16–18 gestational weeks, and we show that prenatal transplantation of human placental cells (107–108/kg) bioengineered to produce an optimized FVIII protein, results in considerable elevation in plasma FVIII levels that persists for >3 years post-treatment. Cells engraft in major organs, and none of the recipients mount immune responses to either the cells or the FVIII they produce. Thus, these studies attest to the feasibility, immunologic advantage, and safety of treating hemophilia A prior to birth.
Chronic inflammation, neutrophil activity, and autoreactivity splits long COVID
Authors: Woodruff Matthew C. , Bonham Kevin S. , Anam Fabliha A. , Walker Tiffany A. , Faliti Caterina E. , Ishii Yusho , Kaminski Candice Y. , Ruunstrom Martin C. , Cooper Kelly Rose , Truong Alexander D. , Dixit Adviteeya N. , Han Jenny E. , Ramonell Richard P. , Haddad Natalie S. , Rudolph Mark E. , Yalavarthi Srilakshmi , Betin Viktoria , Natoli Ted , Navaz Sherwin , Jenks Scott A. , Zuo Yu , Knight Jason S. , Khosroshahi Arezou , Lee F. Eun-Hyung , Sanz Ignacio
Published: July 2023

While immunologic correlates of COVID-19 have been widely reported, their associations with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) remain less clear. Due to the wide array of PASC presentations, understanding if specific disease features associate with discrete immune processes and therapeutic opportunities is important. Here we profile patients in the recovery phase of COVID-19 via proteomics screening and machine learning to find signatures of ongoing antiviral B cell development, immune-mediated fibrosis, and markers of cell death in PASC patients but not in controls with uncomplicated recovery. Plasma and immune cell profiling further allow the stratification of PASC into inflammatory and non-inflammatory types. Inflammatory PASC, identifiable through a refined set of 12 blood markers, displays evidence of ongoing neutrophil activity, B cell memory alterations, and building autoreactivity more than a year post COVID-19. Our work thus helps refine PASC categorization to aid in both therapeutic targeting and epidemiological investigation of PASC.
Diverse types of expertise in facial recognition
Authors: Towler Alice , Dunn James D. , Castro Martínez Sergio , Moreton Reuben , Eklöf Fredrick , Ruifrok Arnout , Kemp Richard I. , White David
Published: July 2023

Facial recognition errors can jeopardize national security, criminal justice, public safety and civil rights. Here, we compare the most accurate humans and facial recognition technology in a detailed lab-based evaluation and international proficiency test for forensic scientists involving 27 forensic departments from 14 countries. We find striking cognitive and perceptual diversity between naturally skilled super-recognizers, trained forensic examiners and deep neural networks, despite them achieving equivalent accuracy. Clear differences emerged in super-recognizers’ and forensic examiners’ perceptual processing, errors, and response patterns: super-recognizers were fast, biased to respond ‘same person’ and misidentified people with extreme confidence, whereas forensic examiners were slow, unbiased and strategically avoided misidentification errors. Further, these human experts and deep neural networks disagreed on the similarity of faces, pointing to differences in their representations of faces. Our findings therefore reveal multiple types of facial recognition expertise, with each type lending itself to particular facial recognition roles in operational settings. Finally, we show that harnessing the diversity between individual experts provides a robust method of maximizing facial recognition accuracy. This can be achieved either via collaboration between experts in forensic laboratories, or most promisingly, by statistical fusion of match scores provided by different types of expert.
Simple purification of small-molecule-labelled peptides via palladium enolate formation from β-ketoamide tags
Authors: Hayamizu Kenji , Koike Kota , Dodo Kosuke , Asanuma Miwako , Egami Hiromichi , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: July 2023

A solid-supported palladium complex successfully captured β-ketoamide-tagged peptides as palladium enolates and released them in high yield upon acid treatment.
Planar pentacoordinate s-block metals
Authors: Wang Meng-hui , Kalita Amlan J. , Orozco-Ic Mesías , Yan Gai-ru , Chen Chen , Yan Bing , Castillo-Toraya Gabriela , Tiznado William , Guha Ankur K. , Pan Sudip , Merino Gabriel , Cui Zhong-hua
Published: July 2023

Herein, we discuss the way to stabilize planar pentacoordinate s-block metal clusters, even in the absence of a delocalized π-bond.
Enhanced fluorescence detection of miRNA by means of Bloch surface wave-based biochips
Authors: Occhicone Agostino , Michelotti Francesco , Rosa Paola , Chiappetta Daniele , Pileri Tommaso , Del Porto Paola , Danz Norbert , Munzert Peter , Pignataro Giuseppe , Sinibaldi Alberto
Published: July 2023

We report on the use of biochips based on one-dimensional photonic crystals sustaining Bloch surface waves to specifically detect target miRNA that is characteristic of hemorrhagic stroke (miR-16-5p) at low concentration in a buffer solution.
Enantioselective resolution of two model amino acids using inherently chiral oligomer films with uncorrelated molecular structures
Authors: Nulek Thitapond , Arnaboldi Serena , Salinas Gerardo , Bonetti Giorgia , Cirilli Roberto , Benincori Tiziana , Wattanakit Chularat , Flood Adrian E. , Kuhn Alexander
Published: July 2023

Chiral oligomers are proposed as templates for the chiral resolution of amino acids. High enantiomeric excess is achieved when they are employed as surfaces with electrochemically tunable hydrophilicity, despite their uncorrelated molecular structure.
Synthesis of a homoleptic tris(silylene)–palladium(0) complex and a silylyne-bridged tetranuclear palladium cluster
Authors: Sekiguchi Jueri , Kazama Yugo , Ishii Akihiko , Nakata Norio
Published: July 2023

Ligand-exchange reactions of iminophosphonamido-chlorosilylene with palladium complexes afforded a homoleptic tris(silylene)palladium(0) or a μ3-silylyne-bridged palladium cluster.
Effects of pressure and temperature on topological electronic materials X2Y3 (X = As, Sb, Bi; Y = Se, Te) using first-principles
Authors: Fang Le , Chen Chen , Lu Xionggang , Ren Wei
Published: July 2023

We systematically study the thermal and topological properties of X2Y3 (X = As, Sb, Bi; Y = Se, Te) and the effects of pressure and temperature on their electronic properties using first-principles.
Janus GaOClX (X = F, Br, and I) monolayers as predicted using first-principles calculations: a novel class of nanodielectrics with superior energy storage properties
Authors: Jiang Shujuan , Zheng Guangping
Published: July 2023

Janus GaOClX (X = F, Br, and I) monolayers with superior energy storage properties are predicted using first-principles calculations.
Competition between the H-abstraction and the X-abstraction pathways in the HX (X = Br, I) + C2H5 reactions
Authors: Yin Cangtao , Czakó Gábor
Published: July 2023

The competition between the H-abstraction and X-abstraction pathways in the HX (X = Br, I) + C2H5 reactions is investigated by quasi-classical trajectory simulations on new high-level full-dimensional spin–orbit-corrected potential energy surfaces.
Nickel hexacyanocobaltate quantum dots embedded in N-doped carbon for aqueous alkaline batteries with ultrahigh durability
Authors: Li Yanhong , Song Zhiting , Zhang Qifeng , Shu Kai , Hu Hongming , Lu Yi , Tang Xiao , Zhou Xianju , Wei Xijun , Zhang Yunhuai
Published: July 2023

The durability of Ni–Co PBAs in aqueous alkaline electrolytes was greatly boosted by constructing Ni–Co PBA quantum dots in N-doped carbon.
Structure and magnetic properties of an amine-templated one-dimensional cobalt-fluoro-sulfate containing Co4F4 cubane and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance of its derived carbon-wrapped CoSe2 nanorods
Authors: Sahoo Malaya K. , Behera J. N.
Published: July 2023

The structure and magnetic properties of a 1D cobalt fluoro sulfate compound with Co4F4 cubane type SBU has been explored, and HER performance of its derived selenide (CoSe2) encapsulated with N-doped carbon matrix is investigated in 0.5 M H2SO4.
Aromatic long chain cations of amphiphilic ionic liquids permeabilise the inner mitochondrial membrane and induce mitochondrial dysfunction at cytotoxic concentrations
Authors: Duman Meryem-Nur , Angeloski Alexander , Johnson Michael S. , Rawling Tristan
Published: July 2023

Aromatic long chain cations of amphiphilic ionic liquids (AmILs) accumulate in and permeabilise the IMM at their cytotoxic concentrations. The AmILs depolarise IMM, inhibit oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis, and induce ROS formation.
Infrared radiation-assisted thermochemical vapor generation for mercury speciation by atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Campos Victor Marques , Sousa Brito Jane Kelly , Matos Wladiana Oliveira , Ribeiro Lívia Paulia D. , Lopes Gisele Simone
Published: July 2023

A simple, low-cost and sensitive technique using infrared radiation for thermochemical vapor generation coupled with atomic spectrometry was developed for the determination of mercury species in biological matrices.
Microfluidic device combining hydrodynamic and dielectrophoretic trapping for the controlled contact between single micro-sized objects and application to adhesion assays
Authors: Lipp Clémentine , Koebel Laure , Loyon Romain , Bolopion Aude , Spehner Laurie , Gauthier Michaël , Borg Christophe , Bertsch Arnaud , Renaud Philippe
Published: July 2023

A novel microfluidic device capable of controlling the contact between single beads or cells is presented and its capabilities are demonstrated with an adhesion assays and specific interactions between T-cells and tumor cells.
Dissolution profile prediction of sinomenine hydrochloride sustained release tablets, part II: a multisource data fusion approach
Authors: Wang Long , Wang Xi , Zhang Xiaoyang , Zhang Qiang , Fang Guangpu , Qiu Ping , Li Wenlong
Published: July 2023

Multi-source data fusion methods were utilized to developed dissolution prediction models of sinomenine hydrochloride sustained-release tablets.
Enhanced far-field coherent thermal emission using mid-infrared bilayer metasurfaces
Authors: Li Sichao , Simpson Robert E. , Shin Sunmi
Published: July 2023

Direct probing of surface phonon-polariton-enhanced coherent far-field thermal emission using Ge2Sb2Te5/SiO2 bilayer metasurfaces.
Rayleigh anomaly induced phase gradients in finite nanoparticle chains
Authors: Michaeli Lior , Doron Ofer , Hadad Yakir , Suchowski Haim , Ellenbogen Tal
Published: July 2023

We find that the in-plane diffraction at the Rayleigh anomaly condition can induce anomalous phase gradients in finite-nanoparticle chains. In turn, these gradients lead to angular anomalies of the diffraction.
Interpretable machine learning-accelerated seed treatment using nanomaterials for environmental stress alleviation
Authors: Yu Hengjie , Luo Dan , Li Sam Fong Yau , Qu Maozhen , Liu Da , He Yingchao , Cheng Fang
Published: July 2023

An interpretable structure–activity relationship (ISAR) approach, based on interpretable machine learning, was proposed to predict and understand the stress mitigation effects of seed nanopriming.
Micropipette-assisted atomic force microscopy for single-cell 3D manipulations and nanomechanical measurements
Authors: Feng Yaqi , Li Mi
Published: July 2023

This work presents the complementary integration of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and micropipette micromanipulation, which allows precise three-dimensional (3D) manipulations and nanomechanical measurements of single living cells.
Recent advances in iron-catalysed coupling reactions for the construction of the C(sp2)–C(sp2) bond
Authors: Chen Peng , Chen Hao-Nan , Wong Henry N. C. , Peng Xiao-Shui
Published: July 2023

In this comprehensive review, we present a systematic analysis of C(sp2)–C(sp2) bond formationviairon-catalysed coupling reactions as documented in the extant literature.
A blockchain database system for a rail transit equipment system
Authors: An Junfeng , Jing Yuanguang , Lu Mengmeng , Zheng Lei , Li Yuting , Zhang Ti , Zhang Jiwei
Published: July 2023

As of today, blockchain technology is virtually absent from rail transit applications, however, it has promising potential. For cloud‐based systems or conventional systems, there is too much information at the centre, resulting in a high level of data processing. However, if the data processing capability can be provided at the edge station or at the edge equipment, it greatly reduces the operation and maintenance pressure, at the same time, if the edge device takes the form of a blockchain, it is possible to increase the safety protection capability. It is important to reduce operating and maintenance risks for metro equipment systems by installing fault diagnosis and health management capabilities. This paper presents a blockchain‐based platform for subway applications. The assistance includes design, construction, operation, and maintenance assistance, energy saving assistance, manpower reduction assistance, fire protection linkage assistance at transfer stations, federal learning analysis and artificial intelligence analysis, as well as specific implementation plans for implementing vent valve equipment as examples.
Reconstructing a lightweight security protocol in the radio‐frequency identification systems
Authors: Abdellahi Khorasgani Alireza , Sajadieh Mahdi , Yazdani Mohammad Rouhollah
Published: July 2023

Nowadays, the Internet of things (IoT) has extensively found its way into everyday life, raising the alarm regarding data security and user privacy. However, IoT devices have numerous limitations that inhibit the implementation of optimal cost‐effective security solutions. In recent years, researchers have proposed a small number of RFID‐based (radio‐frequency identification) security solutions for the IoT. The use of RFID to secure IoT systems is growing rapidly, for it provides small‐scale efficient security mechanisms. Due to the importance of privacy and security in IoT systems, Chuang and Tu have proposed a lightweight authentication protocol using XCor operation. The purpose is to investigate the security of the mentioned protocol and to show the problems of XCor operations used in this protocol. The authors reveal its vulnerability to various attacks, such as tag impersonation, reader impersonation and de−synchronisation attacks. To solve the problems of the Chuang protocol, a secure authentication protocol that uses the lightweight Plr operation is proposed. A formal security analysis of this protocol is performed based on the BAN (Burrows‐Abadi‐Needham) logic. Furthermore, a comparison was drawn between the proposed protocol and the existing similar protocols in terms of performance evaluation. The comparison will reveal that the proposed protocol is both lightweight and highly secure.
Indexed oxygen delivery during pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass is a modifiable risk factor for postoperative acute kidney injury
Authors: Dreher Molly , Min Jungwon , Mavroudis Constantine , Ryba Douglas , Ostapenko Svetlana , Melchior Richard , Rosenthal Tami , Nuri Muhammad , Blinder Joshua
Published: July 2023

Background: Acute kidney injury after pediatric cardiac surgery is a common complication with few established modifiable risk factors. We sought to characterize whether indexed oxygen delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass was associated with postoperative acute kidney injury in a large pediatric cohort. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of patients under 1 year old undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass between January 1, 2013, and January 1, 2020. Receiver operating characteristic curves across values ranging from 260 to 400 mL/min/m2 were used to identify the indexed oxygen delivery most significantly associated with acute kidney injury risk. Results: We included 980 patients with acute kidney injury occurring in 212 (21.2%). After adjusting for covariates associated with acute kidney injury, an indexed oxygen delivery threshold of 340 mL/min/m2 predicted acute kidney injury in STAT 4 and 5 neonates (area under the curve = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.60 – 0.72, sensitivity = 56.1%, specificity = 69.4%). An indexed oxygen delivery threshold of 400 mL/min/m2 predicted acute kidney injury in STAT 1-3 infants (area under the curve = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.58 – 0.72, sensitivity = 52.6%, specificity = 74.6%). Conclusion: Indexed oxygen delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass is a modifiable variable independently associated with postoperative acute kidney injury in specific pediatric populations. Strategies aimed at maintaining oxygen delivery greater than 340 mL/min/m2 in complex neonates and greater than 400 mL/min/m2 in infants may reduce the occurrence of postoperative acute kidney injury in the pediatric population.
Hypoxia-resistance heterogeneity in tumours: the impact of geometrical characterization of environmental niches and evolutionary trade-offs. A mathematical approach
Authors: Chiari Giulia , Fiandaca Giada , Delitala Marcello Edoardo
Published: July 2023

In the study of cancer evolution and therapeutic strategies, scientific evidence shows that a key dynamics lies in the tumour-environment interaction. In particular, oxygen concentration plays a central role in the determination of the phenotypic heterogeneity of cancer cell populations, whose qualitative and geometric characteristics are predominant factors in the occurrence of relapses and failure of eradication. We propose a mathematical model able to describe the eco-evolutionary spatial dynamics of tumour cells in their adaptation to hypoxic microenvironments. As a main novelty with respect to the existing literature, we combine a phenotypic indicator reflecting the experimentally-observed metabolic trade-off between the hypoxia-resistance ability and the proliferative potential with a 2d geometric domain, without the constraint of radial symmetry. The model is settled in the mathematical framework of phenotype-structured population dynamics and it is formulated in terms of systems of coupled non-linear integro-differential equations. The computational outcomes demonstrate that hypoxia-induced selection results in a geometric characterization of phenotypic-defined tumour niches that impact on tumour aggressiveness and invasive ability. Furthermore, results show how the knowledge of environmental characteristics provides a predictive advantage on tumour mass development in terms of size, shape, and composition.