bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Moderating Role of Advance Manufacturing Technology (AMT) on the Relationship between LARG- Supply Chain and Supply Chain Performance
Authors: ESMAEEL RAGHED IBRAHIM , Sukati Inda , Jamal Noriza Mohd
Published: November 2015

Supply-chain management (SCM) considers one of the essential parts in international marketplaces. Supply-chain management comprises a number of paradigms such as Lean, Agile, Resilient, and  Green (LARG). This research explains that advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) has a significant effect on the relationship between LARG-supply chain, which comprise (lean, agile, resilient, and green) with supply chain performance.The following study illustrates the correlation between each variable like (lean, agile, resilient, and green) LARG-supply chain with supply chain performance, next to an investigated suitable theory.This study utilizes several library entrances toward assembly knowledge.This study suggests the framework of research during its determination  each variable this study,which comprise  independent variable, moderator, and dependent variables.

 
Enhancing Pre-service Science Teachers’ Practice according to SocioScientific Issue (SSI)-Based Teaching through Collaborative Action Research
Authors: Pitiporntapin Sasithep
Published: November 2015

The objective of this research was to enhance two case studies of pre-service science teachers’ practice according to SSI-based teaching through collaborative action research. The case study participants had taken a field experience course in the universities in Bangkok in the academic year 2014. The researcher gathered data from classroom observation, students’ journal entries, and student artifacts. In addition, they were asked to write journal entries about their practices. Moreover, informal interviews were used for clarification. These collected data were analyzed using within-case and cross-case analyses. The findings showed that both case studies developed grade 10 students’ argumentation skills through SSI-based teaching in natural resource unit with 4 stages of teaching: issue stage; exploration stage; argument stage; and decision making stage for promoting students’ argumentation. Based on the collaborative action research, the participants changed their teaching to engage students with SSI; increasing facilitating of students’ group working in order to get more essential information; using role play to promote the effective students’ argumentation; and providing enough time for  reviewing data to better support decision making.

 

Keywords: Pre-service science teachers, Socioscientific issue-based teaching, Collaborative action research
Self-efficacy as a moderator in the relationship between peer pressure and family smoking, and adolescent cigarette smoking behavior
Authors: GOLESTAN SAMIRA , Abdullah Haslinda Binti
Published: November 2015

This paper examines the relationship between the environmental factors of peer pressure and family smoking (parents’ smoking and siblings’ smoking), and adolescent cigarette smoking habits in Kerman (as a big province in Iran). In addition, in terms of the afore-mentioned behavior, the moderating role of self-efficacy on the link of peer pressure and family smoking is studied. A quantitative research method was used for this purpose. The sample included 300 adolescents between the ages of 15 and 18 as current smokers. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data which were then analyzed using AMOS Software and running Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).

The results showed positive significant relationship between peer pressure plus family smoking (parents’ smoking and siblings’ smoking), and adolescent cigarette smoking. The relevant findings and results revealed that self-efficacy has a considerable moderating effect on the relationship between cigarette smoking behavior, and peer pressure and family smoking. The results of the present study can contribute to the literature and have significant implications for practitioners and policy makers to prevent adolescents in Iran from developing smoking habits.
Profitability Determinants of the Ghanaian Banking Sector in Ongoing Wave of Consolidation
Authors: Boadi Isaac
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of both internal and external factors that determine the profitability of Ghanaian banks. The period under consideration extends from 1997-2014. To determine factors that determine the commercial bank profitability in Ghana, the research employed random effects and pooled ordinary least square models. Internal variables, both financial and non-financial were obtained from the database of Ghana Association of Bankers over the period 1997-2014. The macroeconomic variables were retrieved from Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) and Bank of Ghana (BOG) databases. The results of our study reveal that internal and external variables significantly influence bank profitability, non-interest income is not the sole determinant of profitability as other internal variables, such as capital to assets, GDP growth are statistically significant. However, determinants such as liquidity, deposit ratio, overhead, non-performing loans, number of employees, inflation and real interest rate do not impact significantly on banks’ profitability in Ghana. The research could not include more qualitative factors. Future research could include more qualitative factors, for example, management leadership style with the quantitative factors and test the long run effects using a cointegration approach. The main value of this paper is the analysis of new empirical evidence using a current data.
Linking Organizational Identification to Job Embeddedness in Indian Context: Role of Job Satisfaction and Perceived Organizational Support
Authors: Ghosh Sumit Kumar
Published: November 2015

The study was undertaken to link organizational identification with job embeddedness in Indian context. Literature review suggested that though there is a case for linking these two variables there are hardly any study which has empirically tried to explore this relationship particularly in Indian context. For addressing this gap in the literature, a survey was conducted using established scales. In all 325 usable survey responses from executives working in various sectors in India were analyzed using regression analysis. The results show that organizational identification and job embeddedness are strongly related. However, hypotheses stating that the perceived organizational support and job satisfaction will accentuate this relationship were not supported. These findings along with the finding that organizational identification and job embeddedness are strongly related, throws up a few implications for the practicing managers. Overall this study attempts to contribute to the literature by empirically examining the relationship between organizational identification and job embeddedness as the existing literature on this relationship is scant. Moreover, the context of the study being India, the findings of the study will contribute to the implications for practicing managers in India for arresting employee turnover.
Reveiwer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 10 No. 12
Authors: Lee Stephen
Published: November 2015

Reveiwer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 10 No. 12
The Interpretation of HH-Index Output Value When Used As Mobile Market Competitiveness Indicator
Authors: Diallo Aboubacry , Tomek Gustav
Published: November 2015

This paper aims to prove that the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), which is widely used to describe the concentration of a given market, may not be a good competitiveness indicator as many authors assume when dealing with a mobile market. This paper shows that even if the HHI formula itself is not in doubt, but when used for a market which meets two basic criteria: it is regulated and has limited resources (the frequencies used to provide mobile service are not infinite, which implies the limitation on the number of firms in the segment), its result can be misleading. In a market segment, where the two previously mentioned conditions are met, the interpretation of an HHI output value is almost known in advance. According to the current interpretation of an HHI output value, no mobile market in the world is highly competitive, which elicits some questions.
Inverse Kinematic Analysis of a Redundant Hybrid Climbing Robot
Authors: Peidro Adrian , Gil Arturo , Marin Jose Maria , Reinoso Oscar
Published: November 2015

This paper presents the complete inverse kinematic analysis of a novel redundant truss-climbing robot with 10 degrees of freedom. The robot is bipedal and has a hybrid serial-parallel architecture, where each leg consists of two parallel mechanisms connected in series. By separating the equation for inverse kinematics into two parts - with each part associated with a different leg - an analytic solution to the inverse kinematics is derived. In the obtained solution, all the joint coordinates are calculated in terms of four or five decision variables (depending on the desired orientation) whose values can be freely decided due to the redundancy of the robot. Next, the constrained inverse kinematic problem is also solved, which consists of finding the values of the decision variables that yield a desired position and orientation satisfying the joint limits. Taking the joint limits into consideration, it is shown that all the feasible solutions that yield a given desired position and orientation can be represented as 2D and 3D sets in the space of the decision variables. These sets provide a compact and complete solution to the inverse kinematics, with applications for motion planning.
K-Means Partitioned Space Path Planning (KPSPP) for Autonomous Robotic Harvesting
Authors: Meaclem Christopher Vincent , Chen XiaoQi , Gutschmidt Stefanie , Hann Chris , Parker Richard
Published: November 2015

A three-dimensional coverage path-planning algorithm is proposed for discrete harvesting machines. Although prior research has developed methods for coverage planning in continuous-crop fields, no such algorithm has been developed for discrete crops such as trees. The problem is formulated as a graph traversal problem and solved using graph techniques. Paths to facilitate autonomous operation are generated. A case study is formed around the novel tree-to-tree felling system developed by the University of Canterbury and Scion. This machine is being developed to manoeuvre through New Zealand's plantation forest to fell Pinus radiata trees on steep (≤ 45°) terrain. Algorithm performance is evaluated in 14 commercial plantation forests. Results indicate that a mean coverage of 84.43% was achieved.
De la reconnaissance à l’habilitation de la francophonie canadienne
Authors: Léger Rémi
Published: November 2015

Cet article vise à susciter une réflexion sur la notion de reconnaissance et les réalités du terrain qu’elle se propose de traduire. La thèse avancée est que la reconnaissance déforme les luttes de plusieurs groupes en situation minoritaire en évacuant la question du pouvoir qui réside au coeur de leurs actions et de leurs revendications. La notion d’habilitation permet, en retour, de récupérer et de thématiser cette question du pouvoir. L’habilitation renvoie à l’exercice par les personnes et les collectivités d’un plus grand contrôle sur les dimensions de leur existence qu’elles considèrent comme névralgiques. La démonstration de la thèse s’appuie sur le cas de la francophonie canadienne en situation minoritaire.
La « communauté linguistique française » du Nouveau-Brunswick dans l’article 16.1 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés : entre politiques de reconnaissance et reconnaissance politique d’une communauté linguistique au Canada
Authors: Traisnel Christophe , Bossé Darius
Published: November 2015

En 45 ans, le Canada a défini une approche bien singulière de la protection et de la promotion de ses minorités linguistiques, une approche fondée non sur la reconnaissance politique de communautés désignées, mais sur des politiques de reconnaissance linguistique à travers l’adoption du bilinguisme officiel. Une exception apparaît cependant, celle du Nouveau-Brunswick et de ses « communauté française » et « communauté anglaise » nommément désignées dans l’article 16.1 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés. Il s’agira ici d’examiner l’exception néo-brunswickoise, qui semble transposer le modèle canadien plutôt que s’en dissocier.
L’état de la reconnaissance et de la non-reconnaissance des acquis des immigrants africains francophones en Alberta
Authors: Madibbo Amal
Published: November 2015

De nombreuses études montrent qu’un nombre important d’immigrants n’arrive pas à obtenir un emploi dans leur domaine de spécialisation, et ce, malgré un niveau de scolarité beaucoup plus élevé que celui des personnes nées au Canada. Une grande partie de ces recherches mettent l’accent sur les provinces de l’Est canadien et les communautés immigrantes anglophones ou allophones. Cet article comble des lacunes importantes, car il explore l’expérience des immigrants francophones originaires de l’Afrique subsaharienne en ce qui a trait à la reconnaissance et la non-reconnaissance de leurs diplômes et expertise professionnelle en Alberta. En se basant sur des analyses documentaires et des entrevues semi-dirigées, l’auteure précise qu’à l’instar d’autres provinces canadiennes, les immigrants en Alberta souffrent de la non-reconnaissance de leurs acquis en raison de facteurs tels que l’âge, le manque de connaissance des systèmes académiques de certains pays en voie de développement et le racisme sur le marché du travail. La non-reconnaissance du français comme valeur ajoutée et la marginalisation sous forme de sous-emploi plutôt que de chômage contribuent au problème. En soulignant les succès et certaines lacunes dans les initiatives qu’a mises en oeuvre le Gouvernement de l’Alberta dans ce domaine, l’auteure fait des suggestions susceptibles d’améliorer cette situation.
Les mots pour se / le dire : trois temps forts dans l’Acadie au féminin : Antonine Maillet, Dyane Léger, France Daigle
Authors: Boehringer Monika
Published: November 2015

Trois moments forts de la littérature acadienne au féminin sont à l’étude dans cet article :ÉvangélineDeusse(1975) d’Antonine Maillet, écrit contre le mythe d’Évangélinede Longfellow, exhibe toute la verve pour laquelle son auteure est connue.Graines de fées(1980), premier recueil poétique de Dyane Léger, signale que la modernité de l’écriture des femmes est arrivée en Acadie : ses jeux de mots jusqu’alors inouïs sont sous-tendus par un vaste réseau intertextuel. Et le roman postmodernePour sûr(2011), de France Daigle, excelle dans sa réflexion soutenue sur les langues. Non seulement l’auteure continue-t-elle sa méditation sur la place du chiac au Nouveau-Brunswick, mais elle fait coexister le vernaculaire avec d’autres variantes du français et d’autres langues minoritaires, si bien que les préoccupations langagières de ses personnages prennent une ampleur qui risque même d’ébranler le statut de l’anglais : la défamiliarisation de cette langue quasi omnipotente est seulement un des effets de la virtuosité ludique du dernier roman de Daigle.
Midterm Results Following Percutaneous Rotational Thrombectomy for Acute Thrombotic Occlusions of Prosthetic Arteriovenous Access Grafts
Authors: Karatepe Celalettin , Aldemir Mustafa , Çınar Bayer , Önalan Akif , Işsever Halim , Goksel Onur S.
Published: November 2015

Patent vascular access is critical for patients on regular hemodialysis. Prosthetic grafts are good alternatives when the superficial venous system is of poor quality. However, thrombosis is one of the main drawbacks of synthetic grafts, with reports of 59% to 90% patency rates for 1 year. In cases of thrombotic occlusion of prosthetic arteriovenous fistula grafts, percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy has recently gained clinical popularity as a potential alternative to surgical thrombectomy or pharmacologic thrombolysis. We reviewed our preliminary results from 30 percutaneous rotational thrombectomies performed in a total of 22 patients in the setting of acute dialysis–access prosthetic graft occlusion of the upper extremity. Among the 30 cases of acute occlusion of the arteriovenous graft, immediate success with angiographic flow restoration was observed in all patients except for 2 patients (both females; 6%), with de novo occlusion where reocclusion occurred within 12 hours despite apparent immediate angiographic patency. The mean duration between the initial presentation with acute arteriovenous graft occlusion and the thrombectomy procedure was 27.4 ± 12.4 hours. The mean duration of graft patency was 10.45 ± 0.6 months. A total of 75% of the arteriovenous grafts were patent at the end of 12 months of follow-up. Female gender, diabetes mellitus, and diagnosis to intervention interval were reviewed for midterm graft failure, and the presence of diabetes mellitus yielded significance (P < 0.05). Percutaneous techniques play important roles in the treatment of failed or failing arteriovenous fistulae and grafts. Ongoing analysis of outcomes of both percutaneous and surgical intervention is necessary to continue to identify optimum treatment algorithms.
The changing ozone depletion potential of N2O in a future climate
Authors: Revell L. E. , Tummon F. , Salawitch R. J. , Stenke A. , Peter T.
Published: November 2015

Nitrous oxide (N2O), which decomposes in the stratosphere to form nitrogen oxides (NOx), is currently the dominant anthropogenic ozone‐depleting substance emitted. Ozone depletion potentials (ODPs) of specific compounds, commonly evaluated for present‐day conditions, were developed for long‐lived halocarbons and are used by policymakers to inform decision‐making around protection of the ozone layer. However, the effect of N2O on ozone will evolve in the future due to changes in stratospheric dynamics and chemistry induced by rising levels of greenhouse gases. Despite the fact that NOx‐induced ozone loss slows with increasing concentrations of CO2 and CH4, we show that ODPN2O for year 2100 varies under different scenarios and is mostly larger than ODPN2O for year 2000. This occurs because the traditional ODP approach is tied to ozone depletion induced by CFC‐11, which is also sensitive to CO2 and CH4. We therefore suggest that a single ODP for N2O is of limited use.
Surface water‐groundwater connectivity in deltaic distributary channel networks
Authors: Sawyer Audrey H. , Edmonds Douglas A. , Knights Deon
Published: November 2015

Delta distributary channel networks increase river water contact with sediments and provide the final opportunity to process nutrients and other solutes before river water discharges to the ocean. In order to understand surface water‐groundwater interactions at the scale of the distributary channel network, we created three numerical deltas that ranged in composition from silt to sand using Delft3D, a morphodynamic flow and sediment transport model. We then linked models of mean annual river discharge to steady groundwater flow in MODFLOW. Under mean annual discharge, exchange rates through the numerical deltas are enhanced relative to a single‐threaded river. We calculate that exchange rates across a <10 km2 network are equivalent to exchange through ~10–100 km of single‐threaded river channel. Exchange rates are greatest in the coarse‐grained delta due to its permeability and morphology. Groundwater residence times range from hours to centuries and have fractal tails. Deltas are vanishing due to relative sea level rise. River diversion projects aimed at creating new deltaic land should also aim to restore surface water‐groundwater connectivity, which is critical for biogeochemical processing in wetlands. We recommend designing diversions to capture more sand and thus maximize surface water‐groundwater connectivity.
Observations of discrete magnetosonic waves off the magnetic equator
Authors: Zhima Zeren , Chen Lunjin , Fu Huishan , Cao Jinbin , Horne Richard B. , Reeves Geoff
Published: November 2015

Fast mode magnetosonic waves are typically confined close to the magnetic equator and exhibit harmonic structures at multiples of the local, equatorial proton cyclotron frequency. We report observations of magnetosonic waves well off the equator at geomagnetic latitudes from −16.5°to −17.9° and L shell ~2.7–4.6. The observed waves exhibit discrete spectral structures with multiple frequency spacings. The predominant frequency spacings are ~6 and 9 Hz, neither of which is equal to the local proton cyclotron frequency. Backward ray tracing simulations show that the feature of multiple frequency spacings is caused by propagation from two spatially narrow equatorial source regions located at L ≈ 4.2 and 3.7. The equatorial proton cyclotron frequencies at those two locations match the two observed frequency spacings. Our analysis provides the first observations of the harmonic nature of magnetosonic waves well away from the equatorial region and suggests that the propagation from multiple equatorial sources contributes to these off‐equatorial magnetosonic emissions with varying frequency spacings.
Insights on continental collisional processes from GPS data: Dynamics of the peri‐Adriatic belts
Authors: Métois M. , D'Agostino N. , Avallone A. , Chamot‐Rooke N. , Rabaute A. , Duni L. , Kuka N. , Koci R. , Georgiev I.
Published: November 2015

We present a new GPS velocity field covering the peri‐Adriatic tectonically active belts and the entire Balkan Peninsula. From the velocities, we calculate consistent strain rate and interpolated velocity fields. Significant features of the crustal deformation include (1) the eastward motion of the northern part of the Eastern Alps together with part the Alpine foreland and Bohemian Massif toward the Pannonian Basin, (2) shortening across the Dinarides, (3) a clockwise rotation of the Albanides‐Hellenides, and (4) a southward motion south of 44°N of the inner Balkan lithosphere between the rigid Apulia and Black Sea, toward the Aegean domain. Using this new velocity field, we derive the strain rate tensor to analyze the regional style of the deformation. Then, we devise a simple test based on the momentum balance equation, to investigate the role of horizontal gradients of gravitational potential energy in driving the deformation in the peri‐Adriatic tectonically active mountain belts: the Eastern Alps, the Dinarides, the Albanides, and the Apennines. We show that the strain rate fields observed in the Apennines and Albanides are consistent with a fluid, with viscosity η ∼ 3×1021 Pa s, deforming in response to horizontal gradients of gravitational potential energy. Conversely, both the Dinarides and Eastern Alps are probably deforming in response to the North and North‐East oriented motion of the Adria‐Apulia indenter, respectively, and as a consequence of horizontal lithospheric heterogeneity.
Vertical scales and dynamics of eddies in the Arctic Ocean's Canada Basin
Authors: Zhao Mengnan , Timmermans Mary‐Louise
Published: November 2015

A decade of moored measurements from the Arctic Ocean's northwestern Beaufort Gyre (collected as a component of the Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project) are analyzed to examine the range of mesoscale eddies over the water column and the dynamical processes that set eddy vertical scales. A total of 58 eddies were identified in the moored record, all anticyclones with azimuthal velocities ranging from 10 to 43 cm/s. These are divided into three classes based on core depths. Shallow eddies (core depths around 120 m) are shown to be vertically confined by the strong stratification of the halocline; typical thicknesses are around 100 m. Deep eddies (core depths around 1200 m) are much taller (thicknesses around 1300 m) owing to the weaker stratification at depth, consistent with a previous study. Eddies centered around mid‐depths all have two cores (vertically aligned and separated in depth) characterized by velocity maxima and anomalous temperature and salinity properties. One core is located at the base of the halocline (around 200 m depth) and the other at the depth of the Atlantic Water layer (around 400 m depth). These double‐core eddies have vertical scales between those of the shallow and deep eddies. The strongly decreasing stratification in their depth range motivates a derivation for the quasi‐geostrophic adjustment of a nonuniformly stratified water column to a potential vorticity anomaly. The result aids in interpreting the dynamics and origins of the double‐core eddies, providing insight into transport across a major water mass front separating Canadian and Eurasian Water.
Remote alongshore winds drive variability of the California Undercurrent off the British Columbia‐Washington coast
Authors: Thomson Richard E. , Krassovski Maxim V.
Published: November 2015

The California Undercurrent transports warm, salty, nutrient‐rich, oxygen‐depleted water along the continental slope from the equatorial Pacific to the Aleutian Islands. We use multiyear acoustic Doppler current profiler records collected simultaneously at two mooring sites off Vancouver Island to detail the regional structure of the undercurrent and to show that much of its variability is attributable to the passage of remotely forced, coastal‐trapped waves. We also document two subsurface currents missed by earlier current measurements. The undercurrent becomes evident in spring, intensifies through summer and fall, and merges with the wind‐driven poleward surface flow in winter. During intensification at the southern mooring site (A1), the undercurrent shoals from 250 ± 50 m in early summer to 150 ± 50 m depth in late fall. At the northern site (BP2), 225 km to the northwest of A1, the current is weaker and maintains a year‐round depth of 150 ± 50 m. Temporal variability in the undercurrent velocity attains highest coherence with winds along the southern Oregon‐northern California coast, with peak coherence occurring for “synoptic” (10–40 day period) alongshore winds off Cape Blanco in southern Oregon. The undercurrent lag of 3 ± 2 days relative to the Cape Blanco winds at synoptic periods is consistent with low mode, poleward propagating, coastally trapped waves. For periods >40 days, the wind‐current coherence remains high for winds off the Oregon‐California coast but lags are often negative, indicating possible forcing by alongshore baroclinic pressure gradients. At interannual time scales, the undercurrent variations have links to climate‐scale processes in the equatorial Pacific.
Assessing the role of precursor cyclones on the formation of extreme Greenland blocking episodes and their impact on summer melting across the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: McLeod Jordan T. , Mote Thomas L.
Published: November 2015

A 30 year climatology of North Atlantic cyclones from 1979 to 2008 is examined within the context of extreme Greenland blocking and accelerated surface melting across the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS). A distinct class of North Atlantic cyclones, known as precursor cyclones, was identified as any extratropical cyclones originating to the west of Greenland blocks prior to the peak of blocking intensity. Composite map analysis reveals that precursor cyclones contributed to a significant intensification of extreme Greenland blocking episodes (GBEs) through the process of upper level wave amplification. Across all seasons, most extreme GBEs are associated with multiple precursor cyclones prior to peaking in intensity, and a majority of these cyclones have continental rather than oceanic origins. Over both the western and eastern sectors of Greenland, daily meltwater production simulated by the Modèle Atmosphérique Régional regional climate model is greater during extreme GBEs accompanied by precursor cyclones compared to extreme GBEs lacking a precursor cyclone. Based on an analysis of air parcel trajectories and North Atlantic SST anomalies, enhanced surface melting during the summer, particularly over southern and western Greenland, is strongly linked to the combination of vigorous adiabatic warming generated by subsiding air within the blocking anticyclones and warm air advection supplied by the precursor cyclones. With the increased frequency of extreme GBEs accompanied by precursor cyclones observed during a strong positive phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, recent long‐term increases in GrIS surface melting can be partially attributed to the interaction of these atmospheric and oceanic processes.
Complex functionality with minimal computation: Promise and pitfalls of reduced‐tracer ocean biogeochemistry models
Authors: Galbraith Eric D. , Dunne John P. , Gnanadesikan Anand , Slater Richard D. , Sarmiento Jorge L. , Dufour Carolina O. , de Souza Gregory F. , Bianchi Daniele , Claret Mariona , Rodgers Keith B. , Marvasti Seyedehsafoura Sedigh
Published: November 2015

Earth System Models increasingly include ocean biogeochemistry models in order to predict changes in ocean carbon storage, hypoxia, and biological productivity under climate change. However, state‐of‐the‐art ocean biogeochemical models include many advected tracers, that significantly increase the computational resources required, forcing a trade‐off with spatial resolution. Here, we compare a state‐of‐the art model with 30 prognostic tracers (TOPAZ) with two reduced‐tracer models, one with 6 tracers (BLING), and the other with 3 tracers (miniBLING). The reduced‐tracer models employ parameterized, implicit biological functions, which nonetheless capture many of the most important processes resolved by TOPAZ. All three are embedded in the same coupled climate model. Despite the large difference in tracer number, the absence of tracers for living organic matter is shown to have a minimal impact on the transport of nutrient elements, and the three models produce similar mean annual preindustrial distributions of macronutrients, oxygen, and carbon. Significant differences do exist among the models, in particular the seasonal cycle of biomass and export production, but it does not appear that these are necessary consequences of the reduced tracer number. With increasing CO2, changes in dissolved oxygen and anthropogenic carbon uptake are very similar across the different models. Thus, while the reduced‐tracer models do not explicitly resolve the diversity and internal dynamics of marine ecosystems, we demonstrate that such models are applicable to a broad suite of major biogeochemical concerns, including anthropogenic change. These results are very promising for the further development and application of reduced‐tracer biogeochemical models that incorporate “sub‐ecosystem‐scale” parameterizations.
Upwelling of deep water during thermal stratification onset—A major mechanism of vertical transport in small temperate lakes in spring?
Authors: Pöschke Franziska , Lewandowski Jörg , Engelhardt Christof , Preuß Konrad , Oczipka Martin , Ruhtz Thomas , Kirillin Georgiy
Published: November 2015

Using airborne thermal infrared imaging and horizontally resolved in situ temperature monitoring at the lake surface, we estimated strength and duration of regular wind‐driven upwelling of dense deep water to the lake surface in two small (in terms of Rossby radius) temperate lakes during the initial phase of summer thermal stratification. The onset and duration of the upwelling events correlated well with the balance between stratification (in terms of Schmidt stability) and wind forcing, as expressed by Lake and Wedderburn numbers. The period of regular upwelling appearances lasted 7–15 days, identified by Schmidt stabilities around 30 J m−2 and Lake numbers between 0 and 1, and resulted in persistent temperature gradients of up to 2°C across the lake surface. Our results suggest that spring upwelling should inevitably take place in all freshwater temperate lakes with mean temperatures crossing the maximum density value of freshwater on annual cycle, whereas duration and intensity of the upwelling would vary depending on lake morphometry and weather conditions. Our results suggest major contribution of upwelling in nutrient supply to the upper waters, oxygenation of the deep water column, and air‐lake gas exchange, in particular, the release of the sediment‐produced methane into the atmosphere.
Bridging the Gap: From 2D Cell Culture to 3D Microengineered Extracellular Matrices
Authors: Li Yanfen , Kilian Kristopher A.
Published: November 2015

Historically the culture of mammalian cells in the laboratory has been performed on planar substrates with media cocktails that are optimized to maintain phenotype. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that much of biology discerned from 2D studies does not translate well to the 3D microenvironment. Over the last several decades, 2D and 3D microengineering approaches have been developed that better recapitulate the complex architecture and properties of in vivo tissue. Inspired by the infrastructure of the microelectronics industry, lithographic patterning approaches have taken center stage because of the ease in which cell‐sized features can be engineered on surfaces and within a broad range of biocompatible materials. Patterning and templating techniques enable precise control over extracellular matrix properties including: composition, mechanics, geometry, cell–cell contact, and diffusion. In this review article we explore how the field of engineered extracellular matrices has evolved with the development of new hydrogel chemistry and the maturation of micro‐ and nano‐ fabrication. Guided by the spatiotemporal regulation of cell state in developing tissues, techniques for micropatterning in 2D, pseudo‐3D systems, and patterning within 3D hydrogels will be discussed in the context of translating the information gained from 2D systems to synthetic engineered 3D tissues.
High‐Performance Fiber‐Shaped All‐Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on Ultrathin MnO2 Nanosheet/Carbon Fiber Cathodes for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Yu Neng , Yin Hong , Zhang Wei , Liu Yuan , Tang Zhiyong , Zhu Ming‐Qiang
Published: November 2015

Flexible fiber‐shaped supercapacitors have shown great potential in portable and wearable electronics. However, small specific capacitance and low operating voltage limit the practical application of fiber‐shaped supercapacitors in high energy density devices. Herein, direct growth of ultrathin MnO2 nanosheet arrays on conductive carbon fibers with robust adhesion is exhibited, which exhibit a high specific capacitance of 634.5 F g−1 at a current density of 2.5 A g−1 and possess superior cycle stability. When MnO2 nanosheet arrays on carbon fibers and graphene on carbon fibers are used as a positive electrode and a negative electrode, respectively, in an all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC), the ASC displays a high specific capacitance of 87.1 F g−1 and an exceptional energy density of 27.2 Wh kg−1. In addition, its capacitance retention reaches 95.2% over 3000 cycles, representing the excellent cyclic ability. The flexibility and mechanical stability of these ASCs are highlighted by the negligible degradation of their electrochemical performance even under severely bending states. Impressively, as‐prepared fiber‐shaped ASCs could successfully power a photodetector based on CdS nanowires without applying any external bias voltage. The excellent performance of all‐solid‐state ASCs opens up new opportunity for development of wearable and self‐powered nanodevices in near future.
A Chemical Inhibitor of the Skp2/p300 Interaction that Promotes p53‐Mediated Apoptosis
Authors: Oh Misook , Lee Ji Hoon , Moon Heejo , Hyun Yu‐Jung , Lim Hyun‐Suk
Published: November 2015

Skp2 is thought to have two critical roles in tumorigenesis. As part of the SCFSkp2 ubiquitin ligase, Skp2 drives the cell cycle by mediating the degradation of cell cycle proteins. Besides the proteolytic activity, Skp2 also blocks p53‐mediated apoptosis by outcompeting p53 for binding p300. Herein, we exploit the Skp2/p300 interaction as a new target for Skp2 inhibition. An affinity‐based high‐throughput screen of a combinatorial cyclic peptoid library identified an inhibitor that binds to Skp2 and interferes with the Skp2/p300 interaction. We show that antagonism of the Skp2/p300 interaction by the inhibitor leads to p300‐mediated p53 acetylation, resulting in p53‐mediated apoptosis in cancer cells, without affecting Skp2 proteolytic activity. Our results suggest that inhibition of the Skp2/p300 interaction has a great potential as a new anticancer strategy, and our Skp2 inhibitor can be developed as a chemical probe to delineate Skp2 non‐proteolytic function in tumorigenesis.
The Electronic Spectrum of the Fulvenallenyl Radical
Authors: Chakraborty Arghya , Fulara Jan , Maier John P.
Published: November 2015

The fulvenallenyl radical was produced in 6 K neon matrices after mass‐selective deposition of C7H5− and C7H5+ generated from organic precursors in a hot cathode ion source. Absorption bands commencing at λ=401.3 nm were detected as a result of photodetachment of electrons from the deposited C7H5− and also by neutralization of C7H5+ in the matrix. The absorption system is assigned to the 1 2B1←X 2B1 transition of the fulvenallenyl radical on the basis of electronic excitation energies calculated with the MS‐CASPT2 method. The vibrational excitation bands detected in the spectrum concur with the structure of the fulvenallenyl radical. Employing DFT calculations, it is found that the fulvenallenyl anion and its radical are the global minima on the potential energy surface among plausible structures of C7H5.
Oligonucleotide‐Based Mimetics of Hepatocyte Growth Factor
Authors: Ueki Ryosuke , Ueki Ayaka , Kanda Naoto , Sando Shinsuke
Published: November 2015

Oligonucleotide‐based hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mimetics are described. A DNA aptamer to Met, a cognate receptor for HGF, was shown to induce Met activation when used in dimer form. The most potent aptamer dimer, ss‐0, which was composed solely of 100‐mer single‐stranded DNA, exhibited nanomolar potency. Aptamer ss‐0 reproduced HGF‐induced cellular behaviors, including migration and proliferation. The present work sheds light on oligonucleotides as a novel chemical entity for the design of growth factor mimetics.
Investigating the Influence of (Deoxy)fluorination on the Lipophilicity of Non‐UV‐Active Fluorinated Alkanols and Carbohydrates by a New log P Determination Method
Authors: Linclau Bruno , Wang Zhong , Compain Guillaume , Paumelle Vincent , Fontenelle Clement Q. , Wells Neil , Weymouth‐Wilson Alex
Published: November 2015

Property tuning by fluorination is very effective for a number of purposes, and currently increasingly investigated for aliphatic compounds. An important application is lipophilicity (log P) modulation. However, the determination of log P is cumbersome for non‐UV‐active compounds. A new variation of the shake‐flask log P determination method is presented, enabling the measurement of log P for fluorinated compounds with or without UV activity regardless of whether they are hydrophilic or lipophilic. No calibration curves or measurements of compound masses/aliquot volumes are required. With this method, the influence of fluorination on the lipophilicity of fluorinated aliphatic alcohols was determined, and the log P values of fluorinated carbohydrates were measured. Interesting trends and changes, for example, for the dependence on relative stereochemistry, are reported.
Polymeric materials for long‐term durability of photovoltaic systems
Authors: Griffini Gianmarco , Turri Stefano
Published: November 2015

Photovoltaic (PV) technology has evolved rapidly in the past few decades and now encompasses a large variety of materials and device structures. A key aspect to be taken into account in any PV technology is the operational durability of the systems in outdoor conditions. Clearly, loss of performance during operation represents a significant drawback and limitation in the commercialization of this technology. In this context, the large compositional flexibility of polymeric materials as well as their proven easy processability may be of great help in imparting improved durability to PV systems. In this review, a summary on the state of the art and most recent developments in the field of polymeric materials for improved long‐term durability of PV devices is presented, with particular emphasis on the use of polymers as encapsulation materials and protective coatings in the field of both PV and light‐concentration systems. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43080.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Ferulic Acid Amides: Curcumin‐Based Design and Synthesis
Authors: Badavath Vishnu N. , Baysal İpek , Uçar Gülberk , Mondal Susanta K. , Sinha Barij N. , Jayaprakash Venkatesan
Published: November 2015

Ferulic acid has structural similarity with curcumin which is being reported for its monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activity. Based on this similarity, we designed a series of ferulic acid amides 6a–m and tested for their inhibitory activity on human MAO (hMAO) isoforms. All the compounds were found to inhibit the hMAO isoforms either selectively or non‐selectively. Nine compounds (6a, 6b, 6g–m) were found to inhibit hMAO‐B selectively, whereas the other four (6c–f) were found to be non‐selective. There is a gradual shift from hMAO‐B selectivity (6a,b) to non‐selectivity (6c–f) as there is an increase in chain length at the amino terminus. In case of compounds having an aromatic nucleus at the amino terminus, increasing the carbon number between N and the aromatic ring increases the potency as well as selectivity toward hMAO‐B. Compounds 6f, 6j, and 6k were subjected to membrane permeability and metabolic stability studies by in vitro assay methods. They were found to have a better pharmacokinetic profile than curcumin, ferulic acid, and selegiline. In order to understand the structural features responsible for the potency and selectivity of 6k, we carried out a molecular docking simulation study.
Air pollutant emissions inventory of large‐scale production of selected biofuels feedstocks in 2022
Authors: Zhang Yimin , Heath Garvin , Carpenter Alberta , Fisher Noah
Published: November 2015

For climate protection and energy security reasons, biofuels are proposed to replace a significant fraction of fossil transportation fuel. Recognition of differences in production pathways between biofuels and fossil fuels has motivated an emerging literature that considers air quality and human health impacts of potential changes to the magnitude, location, timing, and type of air pollutants emitted. To inform research and development of advanced biofuel production systems as well as air quality management decisions, we have developed a highly resolved inventory of air pollutant emissions for a baseline scenario of current and future US biofuel feedstock production systems using data from recent research. We find that in most US counties, production of cellulosic biofuel feedstocks using advanced practices exhibits lower air pollutant emissions than current corn grain production. An analysis of the contributing sources to each of the seven evaluated air pollutants helps identify emission reduction opportunities. Compared to the 2008 National Emissions Inventory, production of cellulosic biofuel feedstocks to meet regulatory requirements in 2022 typically represents small increments of air emissions, though for certain pollutants and counties, a threshold may be reached whereby further examination may be warranted to ensure air quality standards can be achieved. Given that the advanced biofuel supply chain system is in its infancy, considerable opportunities exist to minimize adverse impacts while maximizing the benefits of advanced biofuels. This analysis enables more informed technology development decisions and identification of mitigation opportunities in the biofuel feedstock production stage. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Renewable Resource‐Based Lubricating Greases from Natural and Synthetic Sources: Insights and Future Challenges
Authors: Abdulbari Hayder A. , Oluwasoga Akindoyo Edward , Mahmood Wafaa K.
Published: November 2015

Greases enhance most mechanical equipment in terms of joint performance and operation age by reducing friction and wear. However, they are also considered a dangerous source of soil and water pollution because of their synthetic nature. Renewable resource‐based materials are a safe and environmentally friendly solution. In the present work, a comprehensive study is conducted to evaluate the performance of existing synthetic and biodegradable greases. This work also provides insights into existing literature and presents ideas for future development through general recommendations regarding the use of renewable resource‐based ingredients as a replacement for traditional synthetic materials in conventional greases.
Role of the Metal‐Oxide Support in the Catalytic Activity of Pd Nanoparticles for Ethanol Electrooxidation in Alkaline Media
Authors: Monyoncho Evans Angwenyi , Ntais Spyridon , Brazeau Nicolas , Wu Jhing‐Jhou , Sun Chia‐Liang , Baranova Elena A.
Published: November 2015

The promotional role of oxide supports (CeO2, SnO2, TiO2) on ethanol electrooxidation in alkaline media over Pd nanoparticles (NPs) is presented and compared to Pd on carbon. XPS revealed a shift to lower binding energy of the Pd 3d peak when Pd NPs were deposited on metal oxides, implying a charge transfer from the oxides to the Pd. The catalytic activity of the supported NPs for ethanol electrooxidation was assessed by using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The electrooxidation products were monitored in situ, using polarization modulation–infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM‐IRRAS), which revealed that the supports influence the selectivity of reactions on Pd. Pd/CeO2 has superior selectivity towards breaking the C−C bond to produce CO2 compared to the other three supports. Acetate, as a product, was evident on all of the catalysts, but at different ratios. Pd supported on metal oxides showed higher activity and, in particular, CeO2 and SnO2 stand out as the best supports.
Expanding the Scope of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents for Perfluoroalkylation: From Trifluoromethyl to Functionalized Perfluoroethyl
Authors: Matoušek Václav , Václavík Jiří , Hájek Peter , Charpentier Julie , Blastik Zsófia E. , Pietrasiak Ewa , Budinská Alena , Togni Antonio , Beier Petr
Published: November 2015

A series of new hypervalent iodine reagents based on the 1,3‐dihydro‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1,2‐benziodoxole and 1,2‐benziodoxol‐3‐(1H)‐one scaffolds, which contain a functionalized tetrafluoroethyl group, have been prepared, characterized, and used in synthetic applications. Their corresponding electrophilic fluoroalkylation reactions with various sulfur, oxygen, phosphorus, and carbon‐centered nucleophiles afford products that feature a tetrafluoroethylene unit, which connects two functional moieties. A related λ3‐iodane that contains a fluorophore was shown to react with a cysteine derivative under mild conditions to give a thiol‐tagged product that is stable in the presence of excess thiol. Therefore, these new reagents show a significant potential for applications in chemical biology as tools for fast, irreversible, and selective thiol bioconjugation.