bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variation of phenolic content in galled and non-galled tissues of Calliandra brevipes Benth (Fabaceae: Mimosoidae)
Authors: Detoni Michelle de Lima , Vasconcelos Eveline Gomes , Rust Naiara Miranda , Isaias Rosy Mary dos Santos , Soares Geraldo Luiz Gonçalves
Published: November 2011

Two species, Tanaostigmodes ringueleti and T. mecanga, induce distinct galls on Calliandra brevipes Benth (Fabaceae: Mimosoidae), a globose and a fusiform gall morphotype. Seasonal changes of phenolic content in the tissues of the two distinct galls were compared to those of non-galled leaves and stems of the host plants over one year. The variation in the phenolic content profiles was similar in both non-galled and galled tissues, and was primarily associated with changes in the levels of rainfall, indicating a direct response to hydric stress. In periods of drastic changes in water precipitation, the alterations were significantly higher in non-galled than in galled tissues suggesting that the gall inducers might limit the variation in the phenolic concentration for their own benefit.
Spatial distribution, association patterns and richness of tree species in a seasonal forest from the Serra Geral formation, southern Brazil
Authors: Sühs Rafael Barbizan , Budke Jean Carlos
Published: November 2011

This study aimed to determine the spatial distribution of the most abundant tree species, to look for relationships that may be responsible for their distribution and to compare the expected richness along the Serra Geral formation in the state of Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil. An one-hectare plot was divided in 100 contiguous 10 x 10 m sampling units and all individuals with at least 4.8 cm diameter at breast high were measured and identified. Each sampling unit received a description of the spatial position through metric coordinates (x,y) in order to quantify the spatial pattern. Later, an association index among species was applied. The observed richness was rarefied and compared to other surveys located on the slopes of Serra Geral in Rio Grande do Sul. We surveyed 1,063 individuals belonging to 69 species and 33 families, and the Shannon's diversity index showed a diversity of 3.35 nats (Pielou's species evenness - J' = 0.79). Most species showed an aggregated distribution. Both association and dissociation patterns occurred among species leading to distinct forest patches. The rarefaction results showed a decrease of Atlantic species, which were replaced by typical seasonal forest species, when analyzing floristic contingents towards the west.
Anatomia de raízes de nove espécies de Bromeliaceae (Poales) da região amazônica do estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil
Authors: Silva Ivone Vieira da , Scatena Vera Lucia
Published: November 2011

Este estudo busca caracterizar raízes de Bromeliaceae: Aechmea bromeliifolia, A. castelnavii, A. mertensii (Bromelioideae), Dyckia duckei, D. paraensis, D. racemosa (Pitcairnoideae), Tillandsia adpressiflora, T. didistachae e T. paraensis (Tillandsioideae) ocorrentes nas regiões amazônicas (Mato Grosso-MT), procurando levantar caracteres de valor taxonômico e significado ecológico. As espécies estudadas são epífitas e suas raízes se caracterizam por apresentar velame pluriestratificado, córtex diferenciado, endoderme e periciclo unisseriados, cilindro vascular poliarco e medula com células de paredes espessadas. Estruturas anatômicas como: número de camadas e tipo de espessamento das paredes das células do velame, tipo de espessamento de parede da exoderme e endoderme, presença de idioblastos contendo cristais e número de pólos de protoxilema agrupam as espécies nos diferentes gêneros e subfamílias. A presença de canais de mucilagem no córtex de A. castelnavii relatados pela primeira vez na literatura para Bromeliaceae é caráter diagnóstico. As raízes de Dyckia e Tillandsia apresentam maior número de caracteres comuns, representando maior similaridade entre Pitcairnioideae e Tillandsioideae. Raízes com velame, exoderme com células de paredes espessadas constituindo uma camada mecânica, canais de mucilagem, lacunas de ar no córtex interno e idioblastos com cristais são estruturas adaptativas ao hábito epifítico.
Structure, diversity, and spatial patterns in a permanent plot of a high Restinga forest in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Lima Renato Augusto Ferreira de , Oliveira Alexandre Adalardo de , Martini Adriana Maria Zanforlin , Sampaio Daniela , Souza Vinícius Castro , Rodrigues Ricardo Ribeiro
Published: November 2011

We assessed the structure, diversity and distribution of tree species in a 10.24-ha permanent plot of high Restinga forest (HRF) in southeastern Brazil. We sampled 15,040 individuals belonging to 45 families, 87 genera and 116 species (density= 1,468 trees ha-1, and basal area= 28.0 m² ha-1). Mean richness was lower than other types of tropical forests and other HRFs that have been less intensively sampled, which is probably due to the younger age and hydromorphy of the soils in the study site. Tree density, basal area, species composition, and diversity all varied considerably depending on the size class considered. The studied plot had a density similar to other tropical forests but with a smaller basal area (fewer individuals > 60 cm in diameter), and higher density of smaller trees. Multi-stemmed individuals were not frequent (11% of the trees), though they were widespread among species (74% of the species). Spatial distribution was predominantly clumped, a pattern common to other types of tropical forests. Besides growing over white-sand soils, the PEIC plot and other white-sand forests of the world also had very similar patterns of community structure, richness and diversity. Therefore, we consider the HRF as a recognizable subtype of white-sand forest.
Avaliação da diversidade arbórea das ilhas do rio Paraguai na região de Cáceres, Pantanal Matogrossense, Brasil
Authors: Castrillon Solange Kimie Ikeda , Silva Carolina Joana da , Fernandez José Ricardo Castrillon , Ikeda Andrea Kyoko
Published: November 2011

A diversidade de plantas está associada à heterogeneidade de habitats, à ampla distribuição de espécies, ao pulso de inundação que podem estar sendo controlados pela dinâmica fluvial e diferenças na origem geomorfológica. Este estudo avaliou a diversidade da vegetação arbórea em seis ilhas do rio Paraguai, entre Cáceres e a Estação Ecológica de Taiamã, Pantanal Matogrossense. Foram comparadas ilhas originárias de dois processos geomorfológicos: a partir do rompimento do colo do meandro e de sedimentação. Foram estabelecidas 22 parcelas (10 x 20 m) por ilha, distantes 50 m entre si, onde foram amostradas todas as árvores com DAP > 5cm. Foram alocadas 10 parcelas na parte central e 12 nas bordas das ilhas. O cluster construído a partir do coeficiente de Sorensen resultou em dendrogramas, baseados em ligações simples e distancia euclidiana dos índices de similaridade, onde se observam as hierarquias entre os grupos formados, considerando parcelas localizadas no centro e borda das ilhas e entre ilhas. Foram registradas 40 espécies pertencentes a 34 gêneros e 21 famílias. Os Índices de Diversidade de Shannon-Weaver variaram de H' 0,91 a 2,72. Houve diferença na composição florística das ilhas originárias do rompimento do colo de meandro e partir de sedimentação. Houve diferença na composição florística do centro e borda nas ilhas formadas por rompimento do colo de meandro.
Mudanças no novo Código de Nomenclatura para Algas, Fungos e Plantas (Código de Melbourne)
Authors: Prado Jefferson , Hirai Regina Yoshie , Giulietti Ana Maria
Published: November 2011

São apresentadas as principais alterações aprovadas para o Código de Melbourne, destacando-se a publicação válida de novidades nomenclaturais através de meio eletrônico e a possibilidade de descrições de novos táxons em inglês (além de latim). Aspectos sobre os mecanismos para votação de novas propostas para modificar o Código também são discutidos.
Panorama internacional de la reforma psiquiátrica
Authors: Desviat Manuel
Published: November 2011

Los problemas de salud mental aumentan su incidencia en todo el mundo mientras la psiquiatría atraviesa una crisis que afecta a su propia identidad y a la delimitación del objeto de su trabajo. Después de más de medio siglo de una política desinstitucionalizadora y comunitaria, la globalización neoliberal está llevando a cambios que socavan la atención pública en salud mental, en especial de los trastornos que demandan mayor atención social. Cambios en la responsabilidad del Estado y cambios en el tipo de demanda y en la forma de entender la enfermedad y su tratamiento. Al tiempo, frente a la medicalización de la sociedad que mediatiza la expresión de las necesidades en salud, empiezan a surgir movimientos de usuarios que reclaman autonomía, plena ciudadanía, empoderamiento, recuperación y "abogacía".
Saúde mental na atenção primária à saúde: estudo avaliativo em uma grande cidade brasileira
Authors: Campos Rosana Onocko , Gama Carlos Alberto , Ferrer Ana Luiza , Santos Deivisson Vianna Dantas dos , Stefanello Sabrina , Trapé Tiago Lavras , Porto Karime
Published: November 2011

A Atenção Primária à Saúde é reconhecida mundialmente como a responsável pela solução dos principais problemas de saúde da comunidade, incluso a mental. O presente estudo buscou avaliar a articulação entre as redes de atenção primária e de saúde mental em regiões de alta vulnerabilidade social de uma grande cidade brasileira (Campinas - SP) através dos parâmetros: pesquisa avaliativa, participativa e predominantemente qualitativa. Foram definidos dois grupos pela técnica de clusters: um de Unidades Básicas de Saúde com maior grau de implantação das ações inovadoras e outro com menor grau de implantação. Posteriormente foi realizada uma comparação. O apoio matricial se mostrou potente para definir fluxos, qualificar as equipes e promover uma assistência conjunta e compartilhada. Detectou-se um papel estratégico do agente comunitário de saúde para identificar ofertas em potencial e propiciar escuta de forma mais próxima à população. As práticas de promoção à saúde ainda não estão consolidadas. Quando os arranjos possibilitam inserções dos profissionais em atividades extramuros, os usuários reconhecem e se apropriam dos espaços, possibilitando ações que se distanciam da tradicional queixa-conduta.
Biological aspects of Periga circumstans Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Hemileucinae) with larvae reared on khaki and mate-plant leaves
Authors: Specht A. , Lorini LM. , Fronza E. , Poletto G.
Published: November 2011

The goal of the present study was to investigate biological aspects of Periga circumstans Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Hemileucinae) whose larvae were fed on leaves of khaki-plant (Diospyros khaki Linnaeus - Ebenaceae) and Mate-plant (Ilex paraguariensis Saint Hilaire - Aquifoliaceae) leaves. The biological parameters were obtained from specimens kept under controlled conditions: temperature of 25 ± 1 °C, relative humidity of 70 ± 10%, and photoperiod of 12 hours. For each developmental stage, morphological and ethological parameters are described. The larvae passed through six instars with a growth average rate of 1.4 for each instar. The host plants influenced significantly only the total duration of the larval phase, which was prolonged for larvae fed on khaki-plant leaves. Several aspects related to the morphology and the ethology of P. circumstans are similar to those described for Lonomia obliqua Walker, 1855.
Neural feedback linearization adaptive control for affine nonlinear systems based on neural network estimator
Authors: Bahita Mohamed , Belarbi Khaled
Published: November 2011

In this work, we introduce an adaptive neural network controller for a class
of nonlinear systems. The approach uses two Radial Basis Functions, RBF
networks. The first RBF network is used to approximate the ideal control law
which cannot be implemented since the dynamics of the system are unknown. The
second RBF network is used for on-line estimating the control gain which is a
nonlinear and unknown function of the states. The updating laws for the
combined estimator and controller are derived through Lyapunov analysis.
Asymptotic stability is established with the tracking errors converging to a
neighborhood of the origin. Finally, the proposed method is applied to
control and stabilize the inverted pendulum system.
Deregulated Serbian electricity market optimal dispatch with congestion constraints
Authors: Batas-Bjelic Ilija , Skokljev Ivan
Published: November 2011

With newly adopted Energy Law, market in Serbia will become more deregulated
in following years. Price and quantities of energy traded will be formed
through an open pool competition of several producers and consumers by market
mechanism which tends to maximize welfare. Due to congestion some of this
welfare will be lost. We are suggesting and discussing 5 market indicators to
quantify changes arising in the dispatch with congestion constraints.
Protection of power transformers against geomagnetically induced currents
Authors: Gurevich Vladimir
Published: November 2011

The article examines the problem of saturation and failure of power
transformers under geomagnetically induced currents and currents of the E3
component of high-altitude nuclear explosions. It also describes a special
protective relay reacting on DC component in the transformer neutral current.
Relative measurement error analysis in the process of the Nakagami-m fading parameter estimation
Authors: Milentijevic Vladeta , Denic Dragan , Stefanovic Mihajlo , Panic Stefan , Radenkovic Dragan
Published: November 2011

An approach to the relative measurement error analysis in the process of the
Nakagami-m fading signal moments estimation will be presented in this paper.
Relative error expressions will be also derived for the cases when MRC
(Maximal Ratio Combining) diversity technique is performed at the receiver.
Capitalizing on them, results will be graphically presented and discussed to
show the influence of various parameters, such as diversity order and fading
severity on the relative measurement error bounds.
3D analytical and numerical modelling of the regional topography influence on the surface deformation due to underground heat source
Authors: Brimich Ladislav , Charco María , Kohút Igor , Fernández José
Published: November 2011

3D analytical and numerical modelling of the regional topography influence on the surface deformation due to underground heat source

Thermo-elastic strains and stresses play a considerable role in the stress state of the lithosphere and its dynamics, especially at pronounced positive geothermal anomalies. Topography has a significant effect on ground deformation. In this paper we describe two methods for including the topographic effects in the thermo-viscoelastic model. First we use an approximate methodology which assumes that the main effect of the topography is due to distance from the source to the free surface and permits to have an analytical solution very attractive for solving the inverse problem. A numerical solution using Finite Element Method (FEM) is also computed. The numerical method allows to include the local shape of the topography in the modelling. In the numerical model the buried magmatic body is represented by a finite volume thermal source. The temperature distribution is computed by the higher-degree FEM. For analytical as well as numerical model solution only the forces of thermal origin are considered. The comparison of the results obtained using both analytical and numerical techniques shows the qualitative agreement of the vertical displacements. In the numerical values small differences were obtained. The results show that for the volcanic areas with an important relief the perturbation of the thermo-viscoelastic solution (deformation and total gravity anomaly) due to the topography can be quite significant. In consequence, neglecting topography could give erroneous results in the estimated source parameters.
Checking of the positivity of descriptor linear systems by the use of the shuffle algorithm
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz
Published: November 2011

Checking of the positivity of descriptor linear systems by the use of the shuffle algorithm

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the positivity of descriptor continuous-time and discrete-time linear systems are established. The shuffle algorithm is applied to transform the state equations of the descriptor systems to their equivalent form for which necessary and sufficient conditions for their positivity have been derived. A procedure for checking the positivity of the descriptor systems is proposed and illustrated by numerical examples.
Analysis of power system stabilizer Pareto optimisation-when taking into account the uncertainty of power system mathematical model parameters
Authors: Nocoń Adrian , Paszek Stefan
Published: November 2011

Analysis of power system stabilizer Pareto optimisation-when taking into account the uncertainty of power system mathematical model parameters

The paper presents analysis of optimisation results of power system stabilizer (PSS) parameters when taking into account the uncertainty of mathematical model parameters of the power system (PS) elements. The Pareto optimisation was used for optimisation of the system stabilizer parameters. Parameters of five stabilizers of PSS3B type were determined in optimisation process with use of a genetic algorithm with tournament selection. The results obtained were assessed from the point of view of selecting the criterion function. The analysis of influence of the parameter uncertainty on the quality of the results obtained was performed.
Boundary-integral model of permanent magnet of a tube segment as shape
Authors: Pawluk Krystyn , Sulima Renata
Published: November 2011

Boundary-integral model of permanent magnet of a tube segment as shape

The magnetic field due to a permanent magnet of a tube-side segment as shape and of radial-oriented magnetization is considered. Such a sheet modelling a single pole of the magnet is used to express the suitable contribution to magnetic quantities. A boundary-integral approach is applied that is based on a virtual scalar quantity attributed to the magnet pole. Such an approach leads to express analytically the scalar magnetic potential and the magnetic flux density by means of the elliptic integrals. Numerical examples of the computed fields are given. The general idea of the presented approach is mainly directed towards designing the magnetic field within the air gap of electric machines with permanent magnets as an excitation source. Other technical structures with permanent magnets may be a subject of this approach as well.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Fatness of Late Pregnant and Lactating Sows and Selected Lipid Parameters of Blood, Colostrum and Milk
Authors: Rekiel Anna , Więcek Justyna , Beyga Karolina
Published: November 2011

Analysis of the Relationship Between Fatness of Late Pregnant and Lactating Sows and Selected Lipid Parameters of Blood, Colostrum and Milk

This study determined the relationships between backfat thickness in sows on day 104 (±2) of pregnancy, changes in fatness between high pregnancy and lactation (day 21), the body weight of late pregnant sows, the level of selected lipid parameters in blood serum, and basic components and fatty acid profile of colostrum and milk. Backfat measurements were taken using an ultrasound device at the P1, P2, P3 and P4 sites and loin eye height was measured at the P4M site. In late pregnant sows, fatness measured at P1, P2, P3 and P4 and the mean of measurements taken at P2 and P4 were correlated with HDL (+0.491**, +0.537**, +0.439*, +0.483** and 0.529**, respectively). Measurements taken at P4 and the mean of P2 and P4 were correlated with cholesterol (CHOL, +0.367* and +0.372*, respectively). Correlations were also found between the level of fatness of pregnant sows (P2, P3, P4, (P2 + P4)/2) and the level of HDL at the end of lactation (+0.534**, +0.440*, +0.412* and +0.487**, respectively). The body weight of late pregnant sows was significantly correlated with the energy and fat levels in colostrum (-0.467** and -0.429*, respectively). In addition, it was correlated with the proportion of fatty acids in the profile (C18:2 +0.417*, C18:3 +0.493*). Correlations were observed between P1 backfat thickness and the proportion of colostrum fatty acids (C18:1 +0.483*, CLA +0.475*), and between P2 backfat thickness and the C20:4 content of milk (-0.421*). A relationship between backfat thickness measured at farrowing and the levels of selected fatty acids in colostrum was found for P2 and C18:3 (+0.471*), P3 and C18:0 (-0.608**), C18:2 (+0.463*) and C18:3 (+0.517*), and P4M and C16:1 (-0.513*). The greater the difference in P1 backfat thickness between late pregnancy and weaning, the higher the content of fat (+0.549**), energy (+0.510*), C18:0 (+0.493*) and CLA (+0.488*), and the lower the content of C14:0 (-0.512*) and C16:0 (-0.457*) in milk. The strong correlations of fatness in late pregnant sows and of changes in fatness during late pregnancy and weaning with some blood, colostrum and milk parameters suggest that sows should be evaluated for fatness during their productive life.
Influence of Pre- and Postpartum Supplementation of Fibrolytic Enzymes and Yeast Culture, or Both, on Performance and Metabolic Status of Dairy Cows
Authors: Łopuszańska-Rusek Magdalena , Bilik Krzysztof
Published: November 2011

Influence of Pre- and Postpartum Supplementation of Fibrolytic Enzymes and Yeast Culture, or Both, on Performance and Metabolic Status of Dairy Cows

The aim of the study was to determine the degree to which feeding total mixed rations (TMR) with fibrolytic enzymes and/or live yeast cultures to periparturient dairy cows will affect feed intake and conversion, milk yield and chemical composition, and metabolic and reproductive parameters of the cows. The experiment was conducted from 3 weeks before calving to 10 weeks of lactation on 36 Polish Red-and-White Holstein-Friesian (PHF Red) cows assigned to four analogous groups, 9 animals each. Cows from the control group (C) were fed an unsupplemented diet, those from group E received a diet supplemented (15 g/day) with enzyme preparation (Fibrozyme™) containing a blend of active xylanase and cellulase, cows from group D a diet with yeast preparation (Yea - Sacc1026) supplemented (10 g/day) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae1026 live yeast culture, and cows from group ED were fed a diet supplemented with a mixture (25 g/day) of both feed additives. The preparations were added to the concentrate included in the TMR diet. It was found that groups E and D showed a tendency towards higher dry matter and nutrient intake compared to group C. In groups E, D and ED there was also a tendency towards higher milk yield (by about 4-12% in the first 3 weeks of lactation) and slightly higher crude protein content (by an average of 0.16, 0.09 and 0.04 percentage units, respectively), without a clear effect on the other milk constituents. Significantly (P<0.05) lower milk urea content was also noted in group E compared to group C. Cows from groups E and D compared to group C, were characterized by better (P<0.05) efficiency of feed and nutrient conversion for kg milk production, especially during the first three weeks after calving. The experimental cows also showed a tendency towards improved blood metabolic profile, especially decreased levels of beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and reduced activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The investigated preparations had no significant effect on the body weight, body condition and reproductive parameters of the cows.
Effect of Ghrelin and Ration Composition on Milk Output and Feed Intake in Rabbits
Authors: Kowalsk Dorota , Pietras Mariusz , Bielański Paweł
Published: November 2011

Effect of Ghrelin and Ration Composition on Milk Output and Feed Intake in Rabbits

The aim of the study was to determine plasma ghrelin concentrations in rabbits. The first part of the experiment focused on plasma ghrelin concentrations in does which were at different physiological stages and received diets with different fat contents. Plasma ghrelin levels were determined in 3-month-old rabbits after 12-hour feed withdrawal and 60 minutes after feed intake. The second part of the experiment investigated the effect of exogenous ghrelin administered to dams on the course of the lactation and weight gains of young rabbits from birth to weaning. The results of the first experiment show that plasma ghrelin levels vary according to the physiological stage of the does. The addition of 2% rapeseed oil to the diet of the does had an inhibitory effect on ghrelin secretion by significantly decreasing its plasma levels. Analysis of plasma ghrelin levels in 3-month-old rabbits subjected to feed withdrawal and following food intake revealed that ghrelin secretion increased when both oil-enriched and unsupplemented diets were fed after feed withdrawal. Ghrelin levels began to decline postprandially. The second part of the experiment demonstrated that ghrelin administered intraperitoneally to the lactating does had an effect on the milk output of the does and thus on the weight gains of the young rabbits.
Zoometric Indices in Silesian Horses in the Years 1945-2005
Authors: Walkowicz Ewa , Unold Olgierd , Maciejewski Henryk , Skrobanek Paweł
Published: November 2011

Zoometric Indices in Silesian Horses in the Years 1945-2005

The aim of the present work was to analyse biometric parameters of the Silesian horse population over a period of 60 years. The research material consisted of almost 11 000 horses. The post-German breeding material was accepted as the basis of the breed, and then the project traced the changes that the population underwent as a result of inconsistent breeding policy. Zoometric indices were found to vary considerably over the years and there was a definite reaction to breeding selection, leading to changes in animal type during a short period of time.
A radiographic analysis of degenerative spondylolisthesis at the L4–5 level
Authors: Anderson D. Greg , Limthongkul Worawat , Sayadipour Amirali , Kepler Christopher K. , Harrop James S. , Maltenfort Mitchell , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Hilibrand Alan , Rihn Jeffrey A. , Albert Todd J.
Published: November 2011

Object

Lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (LDS) is common and has generally been characterized as a homogeneous disease entity in the literature and in clinical practice. Because disease variability has not been carefully characterized, stratification of treatment recommendations based on scientific evidence is currently lacking. In this study, the authors analyzed radiographic parameters of patients with LDS at the L4–5 level to better characterize this entity.

Methods

Demographic data were collected from 304 patients (200 women and 104 men) with LDS at the L4–5 level. Plain radiographs including anteroposterior, lateral, and flexion-extension lateral radiographs were analyzed for disc height, segmental angulation, segmental translation, and osteophyte formation. Correlations were sought between the variables of age, sex, disc height, segmental angulation, segmental translation, and osteophyte formation.

Results

The mean patient age was 63.8 years (range 40–86 years). The mean mid-disc height was 7 mm (range 0–14 mm) on the neutral lateral view. The mean angulation between the superior endplate of L-5 and the inferior endplate of L-4 was 6° of lordosis (range 13° of kyphosis to 23° lordosis) on the neutral lateral view. The mean angular change between flexion and extension lateral radiographs was 5° (range 0°–17°). The mean translation on the neutral lateral view was 6 mm (range 0–15 mm). The mean change in translational between flexion and extension was 2 mm (range 0–11 mm). Twenty patients (7%) exhibited spondylolisthesis only on the flexion view. A significant positive correlation was found between the change in angulation and the change in translation on flexion and extension views (ρ = 0.18, p = 0.001). No significant correlation was found between anterior osteophyte size and mobility with flexion-extension radiographs.

Conclusions

The wide range in all radiographic parameters for LDS confirms the heterogeneous nature of this condition and suggests that a grading system to subclassify LDS may be clinically useful. On flexion and extension radiographs, increased translational motion correlated with increased angular motion. Anterior osteophyte size was not found to be predictive of segmental stability. This data set should prove beneficial to those seeking to subcategorize LDS in the future.
Type Three Secretion System in Pseudomonas savastanoi Pathovars: Does Timing Matter?
Authors: Tegli Stefania , Gori Andrea , Cerboneschi Matteo , Cipriani Maria Grazia , Sisto Angelo
Published: November 2011

Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi is the causal agent of Olive knot disease, relying on the Type Three Secretion System (TTSS) for its pathogenicity. In this regard, nothing was known about the two other pathovars belonging to this species, pv. nerii and pv. fraxini, characterized by a different host range. Here we report on the organization of the entire TTSS cluster on the three pathovars, and a phylogenetic analysis including the TTSS of those bacteria belonging to the P. syringae complex sequenced so far, highlighting the evolution of each operon (hrpC, hrpJ, hrpRS, hrpU and hrpZ). Moreover, by Real-Time PCR we analyzed the in vitro expression of four main TTSS genes, revealing different activation patterns in the three pathovars, hypothetically related to their diverse virulence behaviors.
La gouvernance métropolitaine écartelée entre adaptation économique et spatiale à la globalisation et respect de la démocratie locale, l'exemple de la fusion de Toronto (Canada)
Authors: Poiret Guillaume
Published: November 2011

L’agglomération torontoise a connu de considérables mutations politico-administratives dans les années 1990, dont la plus emblématique demeure la fusion opérée entre Toronto et sa proche banlieue pour créer une seule ville. Cette opération visait à adapter le territoire urbain aux dynamiques économiques de la globalisation en offrant aux investisseurs un espace plus vaste et mieux administré. Elle s’est heurtée à l’opposition forte d’une partie de la population qui craignait qu’on ne la marginalise au profit des seuls intérêts économiques. La fusion cristallise ainsi l’opposition entre deux conceptions de la gouvernance métropolitaine qui peinent encore à être conciliées. Il semble nécessaire dix ans après d’établir un bilan, à la fois humain, économique et financier de cette opération tout en voyant comment s’articulent désormais les deux visions, à l’heure où les métropoles françaises connaissent elles aussi une réflexion sur leur mode de gouvernance.
L'expertise sous tensions. Cultures épistémiques et politiques à l'épreuve de l'écriture de la directive-cadre européenne sur l'eau
Authors: Loupsans Delphine , Gramaglia Christelle
Published: November 2011

Résumé La directive-cadre européenne sur l’eau (DCE, 2000) innove en définissant un cadre européen pour la politique de l’eau, en instituant une approche globale protectrice de la ressource et en fixant des objectifs environnementaux assortis d’une obligation de résultats. Malgré ces avancées, plusieurs scientifiques lui adressent des reproches qui dépassent le cadre des débats habituels entre chercheurs. Le concept de « bon état », intrinsèque à la DCE, est peu utilisé par ces derniers. Cet article revient sur les controverses qui animent les milieux scientifiques impliqués dans l’opérationnalisation de la DCE et suggère d’autres cadres d’analyse de l’expertise que ceux couramment utilisés en science politique, élaborés à partir d’une analyse des carrières et des cultures épistémiques de scientifiques ayant contribué de près ou de loin à la préparation de la DCE.
Ethics: A Diet For Highly Leveraged Financial Markets
Authors: Kuriata Jakub
Published: November 2011

Résumé La question la plus urgente à traiter aujourd’hui est la dimension éthique de la récente débâcle des marchés financiers. Le secteur financier est caractérisé par l’existence d’un haut effet de levier des investissements, par une prise de risque excessive, par le changement technologique et par une globalisation galopante. Selon la théorie économique standard, le rôle des marchés financiers est d’allouer les ressources disponibles pour leur utilisation la plus productive et de redistribuer et de répartir les risques, et à travers ce canal de contribuer positivement à la croissance économique. Dans ce contexte, nous soutenons que nous devrions adopter une approche conséquentialiste. Nous devrions juger les marchés financiers par leur capacité à contribuer à l’épanouissement humain (eudaimonia aristotélicienne) par l’exercice de leurs fonctions d’une manière efficace. Pour atteindre cet objectif, les marchés financiers ont besoin d’un traitement multi-dimensionnel appelé DIET: Débat / Incitations / Education / Targeting ou Ciblage. Le Débat et l’Education consistent à promouvoir un comportement vertueux parmi les acteurs du marché; les «Incitations» cherchent à freiner la prise de risque excessive, et le « Targeting ou Ciblage » consiste à répartir adéquatement les risques et les ressources.
The Reconciliation of Finance and Ethics: Integrating the Interior and Exterior Dimensions of Reality
Authors: Ranaivoson Faly
Published: November 2011

Résumé Cet article préconise que les récents troubles dans le secteur de la finance ne sont que les symptômes d’une crise plus profonde. Comme nous nous sommes immergés dans l’ère moderne, la valeur-sphère de la science - la dimension extérieure de la réalité - a repris les sphères de valeur de l’esthétique et la morale - la dimension intérieure. Cet article soutient que le défi aujourd’hui n’est pas seulement de promouvoir l’éthique en finance, mais d’intégrer les dimensions intérieure et extérieure de la réalité dans notre discours. Il aborde ensuite la psychologie du développement en tant que méthodologie d’enquête sur le développement intérieur de l’individu. Il introduit également les pratiques d’enquête et d’action d’apprentissage en triple boucle comme des moyens de cultiver la réflexion dans le milieu de l’action, créant ainsi un espace pour une préoccupation et un comportement éthiques qui émergent à chaque instant. Enfin, le mouvement des investissements socialement responsables illustre comment nous pouvons tisser l’éthique et la finance, l’intérieur et l’extérieur, à un niveau organisationnel et au-delà.
Les écrits intermédiaires au cycle 3 pour penser et apprendre
Authors: Doquet Claire
Published: November 2011

L’article s’appuie sur un corpus d’écrits intermédiaires en cycle 3 – des carnets d’expériences en sciences et des carnets de lecture en littérature – mis en écho avec des entretiens d’enseignants qui les ont mis en place. Si la différence entre ces deux types de carnet renvoie à deux perceptions disciplinaires distinctes, c’est plutôt la communauté des deux outils qui est examinée dans l’étude, en particulier sous l’angle de la réflexivité : dans quelle mesure et à quelles conditions ces écrits intermédiaires constituent-ils des espaces de réflexivité pour les élèves ? Quel rôle l’écrit joue l’écriture dans « la pensée à l’écrit » qui s’exerce ? Ces questions sont traitées à partir de l’analyse d’exemples précis des deux types de carnet.
Monde de l'oral et monde de l'écrit en mathématiques
Authors: Baudart Fabrice
Published: November 2011

L’étude montre, sur trois exemples de niveau collège, comment l’on peut affronter pédagogiquement le malentendu profond relatif aux usages du langage en classe de mathématiques, malentendu qui peut s’installer durablement entre les enseignants et nombre d’élèves. Elle montre aussi qu’il est impossible, dans la pratique, de distinguer les enjeux cognitifs des enjeux langagiers. Il est ainsi fait l’hypothèse que l’attention portée à ces questions permet d’offrir aux élèves un accès à des postures cognitives et des usages langagiers relevant des situations scripturales-scolaires et de la littératie étendue.
Implications of Intracoronary Ultrasound Imaging for Clinical Practice
Authors: Bourantas Christos V. , Naka Katerina K. , Garg Scot , Alamgir Farqad M. , Hoye Angela , Michalis Lampros K.
Published: November 2011

Intracoronary ultrasound (ICUS) provides detailed microscopic imaging of coronary anatomy within a living patient. These images allow visualization of lumen, outer vessel wall, and plaque and give reliable information regarding the constitution of the plaque and the extent of the atherosclerotic disease. However, although it provides supplementary information to coronary angiography which may be useful in diagnosis and treatment planning, its clinical application is limited due to the additional expense, procedure time, and the risk of complication that ICUS examination carries. In this chapter, we review the literature and summarize the clinical indications of ICUS imaging in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
Research and Clinical Utility of Thermography
Authors: Toutouzas Konstantinos , Tsiamis Eleftherios , Drakopoulou Maria , Stefanadis Christodoulos
Published: November 2011

This chapter completes the description of the Thermography within this publication. While the previous chapter of this section dealt with principles of data acquisition, this chapter provides a detailed description of the research and clinical utility of thermography. Separate sections are devoted to the ex vivo thermography studies, to the role of thermography in experimental models and finally to the contribution of thermography in clinical studies.
Future Trends in Coronary CT Angiography
Authors: Giannoglou George D. , Katranas Sotirios A.
Published: November 2011

Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is surrounded by the safety non-invasive methods offer and the advantages of high speed that multislice CT is associated with. While calcium score and recognition of anomalous coronary arteries are acceptable applications, CCTA reveals new fields of research on coronary artery disease, including lumen, bypass grafts, and stents patency, as well as endothelial shear stress and coronary stiffness measurements.
Coronary Plaque Vulnerability
Authors: Giannoglou George D. , Koskinas Konstantinos C.
Published: November 2011

Beyond structural information obtained by traditional imaging modalities, molecular imaging can now visualize inflammation and proteolytic activity in the atheroma in-vivo. In addition, visualization of plaque neovascularization, and measurement of the plaque’s mechanical properties may enhance the identification of rupture-prone lesions. While limited mainly at the pre-clinical level, these novel imaging methods show promise for clinical translation.
Benefits of CMM and CMMI-Based Software Process Improvement
Authors: Abdullah Maged , Ahmad Rodina , Peck Lee Sai , Kasirun Zarinah Mohd , Alshammari Fahad
Published: November 2011

Software Process Improvement (SPI) has become the survival key of numerous software development organizations who want to deliver their products cheaper, faster, and better. A software process ultimately describes the way that organizations develop their software products and supporting services; meanwhile, SPI on the other hand, is the act of changing the software process and maintenance activities. This chapter purposefully describes the benefits of software process improvement. The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) and the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) are briefly surveyed and extensively discussed. Prior literature on the benefits and impacts of CMM and CMMI-based software process improvement is also highlighted.
Defining Research Problems
Authors: Irlbeck Sonja A. , Thornton Nan
Published: November 2011

The authors present a process for beginning researchers to consider when defining a research problem for scholarly research. The process considers research problems that arise both from the literature and workplace settings, and describes stages that might occur as one analyzes possible research problems: expressing a rough idea of the problem, extracting the topics embedded in the rough idea, and identifying theories related to those topics. Illustrations and checklists are provided to assist readers in the integration of the process. The chapter provides processes related to careful articulation of problems in order to help beginning researchers lay the groundwork for the research design, and emphasizes the importance of taking time early in the research delineation process to clearly and accurately isolate the problem for investigation.
First Year Students’ Conceptions of Learning
Authors: Varnava-Maroucho Despina
Published: November 2011

Through lessons learned, from the research outlined, the chapter aims, first, to provide future researchers with some practical knowledge on research design and development. Secondly, to emphasise some of the dilemmas that so often separate theory from practice in the field of student learning and which are so crucial for teacher professional development, course designers and educators in general.
Qualitative Investigation for Educational Technology
Authors: Hamat Afendi , Embi Mohamed Amin
Published: November 2011

This chapter presents a look at a qualitative methodology employed to solve a research problem concerning the design of course management systems. The discussion starts with a look at the problem that defines the methodology used. It then discusses qualitative research methodology in relations to the research question and the investigation by the researchers. The chapter presents the methodology based around the four qualitative concepts of credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability. For each of the concept, the chapter also discusses issues that arise during the investigation; and how these issues were solved and presented.
Rapid Implementation of E-Learning using a Technology Design Model
Authors: Coetzee S. Johan , Smart Alistair
Published: November 2011

From this case study a process was developed that the instructional designer can easily upscale or downscale for use during consultations with lectures who want to use the LMS: depending on the time available, intended outcomes and students involved.
A Step by Step Guide to Design and Delivery of Mobile Learning Content
Authors: Gabarre Serge , Gabarre Cécile
Published: November 2011

Mobile learning is more than a trend that follows today’s lifestyle. Learning on the go with mobile internet offers advantages that were not even thought of a few years ago. Current literature on the topic has demonstrated its usefulness as well as its limitations. In a context where learners do not have access to mobile internet it is still possible to deliver course notes in a mobile format. The authors created portable lecture notes that were distributed to their students via the multimedia messaging service (MMS). With these notes, the students were able to take advantage of the ubiquitous nature of their mobile devices and thus started to learn anywhere and anytime. This chapter proposes a simple method to create lecture notes for mobile devices and suggests several methods of delivery.
Using WEDPI Learning Package to Upgrade Teacher’s Skills on Information Technology
Authors: Luaan Johan Eddy , Shariff Sabariah , Mohamed Zulkifli
Published: November 2011

The change in teaching techniques which applies information technology brings about a paradigm shift in our country’s educational system. However, past researches have shown that the application of information technology in classrooms is still at an unsatisfactory level. This is caused by a group of teachers who haven’t been able to master the basic skills of information technology application even after attending the courses. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the level of skillfulness of primary school teachers - especially those in the interiors – on information technology, and thereafter develop a multimedia learning package (WEDPI Package for Learning) which will hopefully assist these weak teachers to increase their level of skillfulness in information technology. WEDPI refers to the productivity tools, which includes applications for word-processing (Microsoft Word), electronic spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel), database (Microsoft Access), presentation (Microsoft PowerPoint) and the Internet. This research adopted the quantitative approach and the ADDIE model was used in the development of this multimedia learning package. To obtain information on the level of skillfulness, the researcher carried out a hands-on test. The pre-experimental designs, which are the pre-test and post-test, were executed to determine if there were any difference in the level of skillfulness of the teachers after using the WEDPI Package for Learning. The research findings showed that teachers involved gave positive comments about the experience in using this stand alone learning material. The respondents also stated that the WEDPI Package for Learning is easy to use, flexible and is able to help them increase their level of skills in information technology. This is supported by the t-test results which show that there is a significant difference in the achievement of teachers’ scores
Who are Self-Discovery Learners…Online?
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: November 2011

Self-discovery learning may be understood in multiple ways—as a state of expertise and learning maturity; as an attitude and approach to self-directed learning; as a perceptive and learning stance to the world; as a minor everyday skill for informal information-seeking, and even as an inherent part of the self-discovery learner. It is this last conceptualization that is addressed in this chapter, which explores who self-discovery learners are and what their learning needs may be. Self-discovery learning may be a human character trait. Further, this chapter explores who self-discovery learners are online and how they behave in those spaces. Given the sparseness of the research data, this work proposes questions of how future researchers may further define self-discovery learners online. Finally, this work offers some suggestions for how those online spaces may be evolved to more closely meet the needs of self-discovery learners.
The Meeting Point of Second Life and Web 2.0
Authors: Shih Ya-Chun
Published: November 2011

Researchers and practitioners endeavoring to incorporate Second Life® (SL) and Web 2.0 into language classrooms promise greater practical value from computer-assisted language learning (CALL). This chapter provides an innovative approach to blog writing, exploring SL as an immersive experience that stimulates follow-up description, imagination, and writing creativity. Drawing on experiences in 2009 and 2010 in linking SL and Web 2.0 applications to inspire the writing of EFL (English as a Foreign Language) graduate students, this chapter describes the characteristics of descriptive writing and presents the process of learning and writing of these students in cooperation with their peers in order to discover within themselves the motivation to be creative writers.
Robust Design and Management of Optical Networks
Authors: Mouftah Hussein T. , Kantarci Burak
Published: November 2011

High capacity advantage of optical networks also introduces the risk of huge data loss in case of a service interruption, even if the outage lasts a short time. Therefore, survivable and reliable design and management of optical networks is urgent. However, deployment of efficient survivability policies does not always guarantee the continuity of the service. Long failure restoration delays, multiple failures, and lack of protection resources may lead to service unavailability. Hence, connection availability arises as a design constraint, and it is defined as the probability of a connection being in the operating state at any time. Availability-constrained optical network design and availability-constrained connection provisioning are two important problems to guarantee robustness of connections in a survivable network.