bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extreme intraneural ganglion cysts
Authors: Spinner Robert J. , Hébert-Blouin Marie-Noëlle , Rock Michael G. , Amrami Kimberly K.
Published: May 2010

Object

The mechanism responsible for exceptional examples of intraneural ganglia with extensive longitudinal involvement has not been understood. Such cases of intraneural cysts, seemingly remote from a joint, have been thought not to have articular connections. Decompression and attempted resection of the cyst has led to intraneural recurrence and poor neurological recovery. The purpose of this report is not only to clarify the pathogenesis of these cysts, but also to discuss their treatment based on modern concepts of intraneural ganglia.

Methods

Two examples of extreme longitudinal propagation of intraneural ganglia are presented.

Results

A patient with a moderate tibial neuropathy was found to have a tibial intraneural ganglion. Prospective interpretation of the MR imaging study demonstrated the cyst's origin from the posterior portion of the superior tibiofibular joint (STFJ), with proximal extension within the sciatic nerve to the lower buttock region. Communication between the STFJ and the cyst was confirmed with direct knee MR arthrography. The tibial intraneural cyst was treated successfully by a relatively limited exposure in the distal popliteal fossa: the cyst was decompressed, the articular branch disconnected, and the STFJ resected. Postoperatively, the patient improved neurologically and there was no evidence of recurrent cyst on postoperative MR imaging. A second patient, previously reported by another group, was reexamined 22 years after surgery. This patient had an extensive peroneal intraneural ganglion that extended into the sciatic nerve from the knee to the buttock; no joint connection or recurrent cyst had initially been described. In this patient, the authors hypothesized and established with MR imaging the presence of both: a joint connection to the anterior portion of the STFJ from the peroneal articular branch as well as recurrent cyst within the peroneal and tibial nerves.

Conclusions

This paper demonstrates that extreme intraneural cysts are not clinical outliers but represent extreme examples of other more typical intraneural cysts. They logically obey the same principles, previously described in the unified articular (synovial) theory. The degree of longitudinal extension is probably due to high intraarticular pressures within the degenerative joint of origin. The generalizability of the mechanistic principles is highlighted by the fact that these 2 cases, involving the tibial and the peroneal nerve respectively, both extended well distant (that is, to the buttock) from the STFJ via their respective articular branch of origin. These extensive intraneural cysts can be treated successfully by disconnecting the affected articular branch and by resection of the joint of origin, rather than by a more aggressive operation resecting the cyst and cyst wall.
Interhemispheric hygroma after decompressive craniectomy: does it predict posttraumatic hydrocephalus?
Authors: Kaen Ariel , Jimenez-Roldan Luis , Alday Rafael , Gomez Pedro A. , Lagares Alfonso , Alén José Fernández , Lobato Ramiro D.
Published: May 2010

Object

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of posttraumatic hydrocephalus in severely head-injured patients who required decompressive craniectomy (DC). Additional objectives were to determine the relationship between hydrocephalus and several clinical and radiological features, with special attention to subdural hygromas as a sign of distortion of the CSF circulation.

Methods

The authors conducted a retrospective study of 73 patients with severe head injury who required DC. The patients were admitted to the authors' department between January 2000 and January 2006. Posttraumatic hydrocephalus was defined as: 1) modified frontal horn index greater than 33%, and 2) the presence of Gudeman CT criteria. Hygromas were diagnosed based on subdural fluid collection and classified according to location of the craniectomy.

Results

Hydrocephalus was diagnosed in 20 patients (27.4%). After uni- and multivariate analysis, the presence of interhemispheric hygromas (IHHs) was the only independent prognostic factor for development of posttraumatic hydrocephalus (p < 0.0001). More than 80% of patients with IHHs developed hydrocephalus within the first 50 days of undergoing DC. In all cases the presence of hygromas preceded the diagnosis of hydrocephalus. The IHH predicts the development of hydrocephalus after DC with 94% sensitivity and 96% specificity. The presence of an IHH showed an area under the receiver-operator characteristic of 0.951 (95% CI 0.87–1.00; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Hydrocephalus was observed in 27.4% of the patients with severe traumatic brain injury who required DC. The presence of IHHs was a predictive radiological sign of hydrocephalus development within the first 6 months of DC in patients with severe head injury.
Les restes carpologiques carbonisés du site mésolithique des Baraquettes IV (Velzic, Cantal)
Authors: Bouby Laurent , Surmely Fréderic
Published: May 2010

Malgré les bonnes conditions de conservation inhérentes à l'abri mésolithique des Baraquettes IV, seulement quatre taxons ont pu être identifiés à la suite des analyses carpologiques de restes carbonisés de fruits et de graines. Au moins deux fruits, prunelles (Prunus spinosa) et noisettes (Corylus avellana), ont dû être consommés. Nous supposons qu'en raison de l'abondance du noisetier dans l'environnement, ses fruits ont été privilégiés par les occupants du Mésolithique et ont constitué une source importante d'énergie d'origine végétale. Un nombre élevé de fragments de coquilles a été recueilli et leur densité dans l'abri semble augmenter avec l'expansion régionale de l'arbre démontrée par la palynologie.
La parure néolithique en variscite dans le sud de l'Armorique
Authors: Herbaut Frédéric , Querré Guirec
Published: May 2010

Les grands tumulus carnacéens sont parmi les plus impressionnantes architectures funéraires du Néolithique de la France. Le caractère exceptionnel des objets de parure déposés en leur sein a été maintes fois signalé avec ses dizaines de haches de pierre polies à glace accompagnées de colliers de perles. Malgré leur importance, ces mobiliers ont été déposés dans les musées sans faire l'objet d'études. Les grandes lames " carnacéennes " en roches vertes tenaces voient cette injustice réparée par un travail d'équipe menée à l'échelle de l'Europe occidentale (Pétrequin et al., 1997). Le présent article décrit le reste du mobilier découvert dans ces édifices mais aussi celui qui est issu des tombes à couloir. Il apporte de nouvelles données sur le problème de la détermination et de l'identification des minéraux.
Les sites et les industries lithiques du Paléolithique inférieur, moyen et supérieur de la basse vallée de l'Yonne dans leurs contextes chronostratigraphiques. Bilan de dix ans d'activité archéologique pluridisciplinaire dans le sud-est du Bassin parisien
Authors: Lhomme Vincent , Connet Nelly , Chaussé Christine , Bémilli Céline , Bahain Jean-Jacques , Voinchet Pierre
Published: May 2010

Since 1994, the archaeological survey of the Pleistocene alluvial deposits of the north of the River Yonne valley, in the southeast of the Paris Basin, has allowed the discovery of twelve Palaeolithic settlements (Lower to Upper Palaeolithic), the plotting of the evolution of the Yonne terrace system and the proposal of a chronostratigraphical hypothesis. The settlements found in the six last alluvial terraces (Soucy 1 to 6, Etigny Le Brassot PLM, Le Fond des Blanchards and Le Chemin de l'Évangile 3 at Gron, Le Brassot at Étigny) have yielded many lithic industries andfaunal assemblages preserved in fine fluviatile sequences (sands and silts). The first studies and analyses of these settlements have provided much new information about modes of occupation in the palaeovalleys (Soucy), lithic production systems (Le Fond des Blanchards and Le Chemin de l'Évangile 3 at Gron) and the variability of the lithic industries (Soucy), and strategic behaviour in acquiring and exploiting animal resources (Soucy and Le Fond des Blanchards at Gron).
À propos du gisement magdalénien d'Étiolles (Essonne) : réflexion sur la fonction d'un site paléolithique
Authors: Olive Monique
Published: May 2010

The function of prehistoric sites is a major topic of Palaeolithic research. Often opposed to the concept of culture (or style), function is considered as another key in the interpretation of prehistoric assemblages. In prehistoric archaeology, this notion involves setting the site with its components in a socio-economic system of the occupation and exploitation of a territory by hunter-gatherer societies. The model that is preferred refers to ethno- archaeological research regarding modern hunter-gatherers, in particular L. R. Binford's research. The focus of this article is to discuss this model and to question the relevance of criteria selected by archaeologists to identify the function of a Palaeolithic site. This discussion is based on the study of the Magdalenian open-air site of Étiolles that has now been excavated for more than thirty years. The characteristics of this site are discussed: duration and regularity of the occupation, seasonality, organisation of the camps, variability of the habitation structures, nature and importance of activities carried out on the site. The long duration of the excavations reveals the ambiguity of some data and the limits of a functional interpretation of the site. Furthermore, it is necessary to compare the site of Étiolles with other Magdalenian sites in the centre of the Paris Basin for the better understanding of this site and its integration into a territory. A first model of territory occupation was proposed during the late 1980s. It was based on the functional complementarity of Magdalenian sites that inferred a seasonal planning of activities. With the continuation of the excavations on several sites (Etiolles, Pincevent), and the discovery of new ones, the reality seems to be more complex. A new model is proposed. It focuses on similarities between sites. The economic exploitation of the Magdalenian territory in the centre of the Paris Basin seems to be less rigid, adapted to an area with diversified resources.
La fréquentation des cavités naturelles du Jura méridional au Bronze final : état de la question, nouvelles données et perspectives
Authors: Treffort Jean-Michel
Published: May 2010

Les raisons qui ont poussé les populations protohistoriques à fréquenter les cavités naturelles sont multiples et constituent un volet important de toute problématique attachée à l'étude spatiale du peuplement dans les territoires de moyenne montagne calcaire. La démarche présentée combine une approche documentaire au niveau régional et une recherche de terrain à l 'échelle microrégionale. Les premiers acquis de cette recherche, présentés ici succinctement, sont encourageants et laissent espérer à terme l'élaboration d'une vision de plus en plus cohérente de l'organisation et de l'évolution du peuplement humain.
Le mobilier céramique de l'Âge du Bronze final III des sites des Estournelles et de la Plaine à Simandres (Rhône)
Authors: Thiériot Franck
Published: May 2010

L'examen du mobilier céramique des sites des Estournelles et de la Plaine à Simandres et sa confrontation à celui d'autres séries du nord de la région Rhône-Alpes permettent de déterminer un certain nombre de caractéristiques typologiques propres au Xe siècle av. J.-C. (Bronze final IIIa). Quelques hypothèses chronologiques et géographiques concernant l'impact et l'évolution des influences du groupe Rhin-Suisse-France orientale dans un secteur concernant la moyenne vallée du Rhône français sont ensuite proposées.
Le développement de la Préhistoire au 19e siècle : un apprivoisement du temps
Authors: Guillomet-Malmassari Virginie
Published: May 2010

Le 19e siècle est marqué par le développement de trois problématiques fondamentales : celle de l'ancienneté éventuelle de l'homme, celle qui concerne ensuite la nature de la classification des temps préhistoriques et celle enfin relative à l'existence du hiatus entre le Paléolithique supérieur et le Néolithique. Ces trois problématiques font l'objet de notre article. Leur intérêt réside dans leur capacité à définir ensemble les termes du temps préhistorique, mais aussi dans les méthodologies qu'elles impliquent, fondées sur l'approche archéologique de différents concepts temporels (contemporanéité, succession et transition).
Quand le technique jalonne le temps : la notion de "temps technique" en archéologie paléolithique
Authors: Chauvière François-Xavier
Published: May 2010

Les assemblages archéologiques pléistocenes ont longtemps résisté aux tentatives de sériation chronologique fine tant que l'on a considéré les constituants de ces palimpsestes comme des éléments spontanément synchrones à l'échelle de leur enveloppe stratigraphique. Corollaire d'une vision typologique des faits archéologiques, une telle compression chronologique est devenue incohérente dès lors que l'on a commencé à interpréter les ensembles industriels paléolithiques comme le résultat d'une accumulation dynamique de vestiges et de gestes issus de l'activité technique. Liée au concept de chaîne opératoire, la notion de " temps technique " a livré les clés pour identifier et comprendre les discontinuités dans la formation des assemblages. Affranchie du joug stratigraphique, l'activité technique, déjà spatialisée, a pu ainsi être temporalisée. À partir de l'étude d'industries et d'objets en matières dures d'origine animale du Paléolithique supérieur européen, on essaiera de montrer que succession, ordonnancement et irréversibilité sont caractéristiques de ce " temps technique " qui exclut toute simultanéité sans toutefois pouvoir prétendre à une mesurabilité absolue.
Immédiat et successif : le temps de l'art des cavernes
Authors: Pigeaud Romain
Published: May 2010

La grotte ornée renvoie à la notion d'espace. Et pourtant, elle participe par son décor aux mythes et aux rituels développés en son sein. C'est donc qu 'elle se raccroche au temps. Que celui-ci lui soit extérieur (le temps qu 'on y passe...) ou interne (le temps qu'on y investit). La difficulté est donc de retrouver du temps dans un milieu par essence spatial. Ce qui implique d'interpréter et de parfois surinterpréter des données fournies sur une autre échelle de valeur. Nous proposons ici de dépasser cette opposition et de réfléchir aux traces "temporelles " qu' auraient pu laisser les Préhistoriques sur les parois de leurs grottes ornées. Nous allons d'abord nous intéresser à la perception du temps de l'art paléolithique par les préhistoriens. Puis aux "empreintes " de temps que l'on peut déceler dans les cavernes. Enfin, nous essaierons de voir comment nous pouvons essayer de les quantifier et les mesurer. Nous tenterons en conclusion de définir plusieurs espèces de temps perceptibles dans la caverne ornée paléolithique. Nous les diviserons en trois types, qui comportent deux composantes, " laïque " et " rituelle " : 1) un temps immédiat : celui de l'exploration de la caverne, ou bien de sa redécouverte par l'impétrant, puis de l'utilisation " ritualisée de son décor et de sa topographie ; 2) un temps successif: celui de l'aménagement et de la décoration de la caverne, ainsi que de sa survie dans la durée comme lieu de repère et de mémoire pour le groupe ; 3) un temps immobile : celui du cycle des saisons, de la suite des générations et, au-delà, des mythes qu'il faut rappeler et se remémorer au cours des cérémonies.
La grotte Chauvet : conservation d'un patrimoine
Authors: Baffier Dominique
Published: May 2010

From the moment of its discovery exceptional protective measures were taken for the Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc cave. Recognised as the earliest of the Palaeolithic decorated caves, it has surprised the scientific community and the world as a whole by the perfection of its parietal art, the abundance of itsfaunal remains and the beauty of its rock formations. The closure of the cave and the installations in it were dictated by the desire to preserve this fragile gem of mankind's heritage. It is under permanent surveillance, both from a pollution and climatological point of view and for its security. Having remained intact for 20000 years, it contains a unique potential for research which must be preserved for both present and future scholars.
Apport des stalagmites pour l'étude de la grotte Chauvet : datations absolues U/Th (TIMS) et reconstitution paléoclimatique par les isotopes stables de la calcite
Authors: Genty Dominique , Blamart Dominique , Ghaleb Bassam
Published: May 2010

A first set of speleothems (stalagmites and flow stone s) from the Chauvet Cave (Ardèche, southern France) were dated using U/Th and 14C mass spectrométrie methods. At the same time, stable isotope analyses (δ13C and δ18O) were done on several stalagmites and on seepage water and rainfall (δ18O and δD). These results give the following information: firstly, accurate ages of several geomorphological events that have marked the cave's history since 34 kyr and, secondly, precisions concerning the climatic evolution in this area since the last déglaciation. Thus, several events have been recorded and dated: the last déglaciation, the B0lling- Allerød (BA) and the Younger Dryas (YD). A warm and short climatic event was detected during the YD itself around 12.15 kyrs. The Chauvet Cave speleothems appear to be exceptional recorders of continental palaeoenvironmental variations similar, in time resolution and in climate sensitivity, to ice, marine or lake records for the same period, with the advantage of an absolute chronology.
Le pin (Pinus sylvestris) : préférence d'un taxon ou contrainte de l'environnement ? Étude des charbons de bois de la grotte Chauvet
Authors: Théry-Parisot Isabelle , Thiébault Stéphanie
Published: May 2010

Les nombreux échantillons de charbons de bois prélevés au cours des différentes campagnes d'étude ont permis V identification de Pinus sp sylves- tris/nigra, le pin sylvestre ou le pin noir. Quel que soit le contexte (combustibles de foyer, mouchages de torche, peintures), les charbons de bois utilisés proviennent tous de la même essence. Nos connaissances sur les végétations contemporaines attestent la présence d'autres taxons ligneux, la présence exclusive du pin serait la conséquence d'une utilisation préférentielle de cette espèce dont les motivations sont discutées.
Approche des représentations de mammouths de la grotte Chauvet
Authors: Gély Bernard , Azéma Marc
Published: May 2010

With sixty-six depictions of mammoths, the Chauvet Cave is the second most important sanctuary with regard to the number of figures of pachyderms. The is often reduced to its essential lines. However, the graphism also, in some cases, attests to a quest for realism, with a relative concern for details but little proportions. Among the more detailed works, for all the species depicted, the aesthetic quality of some seems to be without equivalent to date in Prehistory. However, independently of individual talents, the achievement of such lavish decoration points to the involvement of a whole group of people. Two main phases of decoration dating from the Aurignacian period have been identified but, finally, all the panels contribute to creating a single monumental sanctuary. Unlike the felines, which are nevertheless also numerous, the mammoth is rarely a central theme. It is more often a species which accompanies and frames others, as if its strength set it aside from the hunter/prey relationship. Because of the very great age of the works in the Chauvet Cave there are still only very comparative elements, although the mammoth is the most frequently depicted animal from the Rhône Valley to Burgundy. The drawings at Baume Latrone, in the gorges of the Gardon river, present many similarities with certain specimens at Chauvet. For the other sites, the lack of any real resemblance seems to confirm the more recent dates proposed for most of the caves in Burgundy and the Ardèche region.
Fabrique d'amas de débitage : données expérimentales
Authors: Bertran Pascal , Bordes Jean-Guillaume , Barré Antoine , Lenoble Arnaud , Mourre Vincent
Published: May 2010

building-up of the heap is no longer influenced by the slope. Three additional experiments consisted of discharging artefacts stocked in a canvas cover on slopes with gradients of 7°, 14° and 20°. In the resulting artefact concentrations, the blades exhibit a preferred slope-parallel orientation, the intensity of which is strongly correlated with the slope gradient. The experimental fabrics were compared with those measured on Palaeolithic sites. Few (only about a quarter) are similar to the experimental data, suggesting that many sites have undergone modification due to sedimentary processes.
Un nouveau gisement du Paléolithique supérieur récent : le Petit Cloup Barrat (Cabrerets, Lot, France)
Authors: Castel Jean-Christophe , Chauvière François-Xavier , L'Homme Xavier , Camus Hubert
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Located on the same hillside as Pech Merle, 800 metres from the entrance of that famous decorated cave, the site of Petit Cloup Barrat opens onto the edge of a small doline. Though partially excavated at the beginning of the 20th century, this site has never been published. A test pit in 2003 was followed by excavations at the entrance of the cave in 2004 and 2005. The stratigraphic sequence, whose base is still unknown, yielded abundant lithic and organic remains attributed to the Middle Magdalenian, Badegoulian and Solutrean. In the upper ensemble, attributed to the Middle Magdalenian, numerous flint blade tools (scrapers, burins, borers and retouched blades) coexist with backed bladelets. The Badegoulian is identified based on flake tools, including raclettes and transverse burins on notches. The Solutrean, still little excavated, is characterized by fragmented shouldered points and one fragment of a Willow Leaf Point. The bone industry includes eyed needles, matrices on fox tibias and retouchers on medium-sized ungulate diaphyses. The antler projectile points are highly variable (with or without groove, double or median bevel, round or oval section). A fragment of a barbed element and a fragment of a bâton percé complete the inventory. Sawed and/ or pierced shells, principally dentalia, and herbivore incisors (reindeer, ibex) were used to make personal ornaments. A few fossils, some with distant origins, were also discovered. Archaeozoological analysis shows the marked presence of reindeer, followed by horse. Red deer and fox are attested by a few remains. The osseous material preserved in the cave permits precise observation of hunting seasons, butchery traces and modes of combustion. The site of Petit Cloup Barrat is localized within an ensemble of Upper Palaeolithic sites around the confluence of the Lot and Célé Rivers, including Cuzoul de Vers and Les Peyrugues. The study of this plateau site is thus integrated in a context of palaeoethnographic hypotheses that have already been partially proposed. The analysis of the material and integration of the results will contribute to a characterization of the subsistence economy in a still little-known natural environment and clarify its relationship with the sites that constitute its environment on different scales. The proximity of Pech Merle Cave and the possibility of establishing links between a dwelling site and a decorated cave constitute an additional motivation for our research.
Tracéologie fonctionnelle des matières osseuses : une méthode
Authors: Sidéra Isabelle , Legrand Alexandra
Published: May 2010

Use-wear analysis of prehistoric bone assemblages has increased considerably during the last 10 years. Despite an existing consensus regarding the methods used to date, they are still at an exploratory stage and their results the subject of debate. Several are still being tested and are based on different observational criteria and different preliminary theories. We will expound upon one of these different methods here; it was created when researching bone, antler and ivory industries of the Neolithic period, and has already been echoed in work carried out on shell ornaments (Bonnardin, 2004). This method stems from the synthesis of 40 years of research and has two complementary levels: 1) an analysis of volumes combined with a preliminary analysis of the surfaces, known as macroscopic, 2) a thorough analysis of surfaces, known as microscopic. We are, nowadays, facing a similar situation to the one prevailing in the 1980s regarding use-wear analysis of flint which underwent a process of restudy and discussion. Consequently, it is urgent to expound upon methodologies in order to broaden debate and pool knowledge.
Carrément à l'Ouest ! Indices du Villeneuve-Saint-Germain au centre de la Bretagne (le Dillien à Cléguérec et Bellevue à Neulliac ; Morbihan)
Authors: Marchand Grégor , Pailler Yvan , Tournay Gérard
Published: May 2010

The sites of Le Dillien (Cléguérec) and Bellevue (Neulliac) were discovered during field surveys along the Blavet river (Morbihan). The lithic items collected by Gérard Tournay are characteristic of the Danubian Early Neolithic: schist and wackestone rings, flints imported from Normandy (Cinglais) for blades, regular blades in flint and Eocene sandstone obtained by indirect percussion, Danubian and transverse arrowheads, burins on blades or flakes, truncations on blades (sickles?), borers, denticulated flakes and scrapers on flakes. The raw material acquisition system seems different from that of the V. S. G. of eastern Brittany as it consists of the use of local stones, especially Eocene sandstones. However the fact that these networks open in all directions bears witness to the economy’s dynamic aspect. We here have the most western evidence to date of Linear and Post-Linear settlements.
À la recherche des campements d'hiver dans le Magdalénien du Bassin parisien
Authors: Julien Michèle
Published: May 2010

La découverte, pour la première fois à Pincevent, d’un campement d’hiver a incité à comparer ses caractères à ceux d’un grand camp d’automne fouillé sur le même site. Alors qu’en septembre ou octobre les groupes de chasseurs sont entièrement occupés à abattre un maximum de rennes sur leur route de migration, l’apport de neuf chevaux dans le camp d’hiver s’explique par le fait qu’ils restent dans la région à cette saison. Si, dans les deux campements, la nature et les proportions relatives des outils lithiques et des autres artefacts sont globalement comparables, les véritables différences concernent l’organisation générale de l’espace et la densité des vestiges. En automne, les températures sont encore relativement douces et toutes les activités liées au traitement des douzaines de rennes abattus se répartissent en plein air sur une vaste surface et hors des tentes légères de résidence. En hiver, les conditions climatiques plus rudes semblent avoir resserré l’espace d’occupation autour d’un vaste abri construit centré sur un foyer. La plupart des déchets de production et des concentrations de pierres chauffées est déposée dans un cercle de quelques mètres autour de l’habitation. L’observation de ces traits a permis d’envisager l’établissement d’un modèle tenant compte des contraintes des conditions climatiques, des réponses techniques à ces contraintes et des conséquences pour le décryptage archéologique d’un sol préhistorique. Ce modèle a ensuite été confronté à l’organisation spatiale de la plupart des campements magdaléniens du Bassin parisien.
Chasse, habitats et rythme des déplacements : réflexions à partir des campements magdaléniens de Champréveyres et Monruz (Neuchâtel, Suisse)
Authors: Müller Werner , Leesch Denise , Bullinger Jérôme , Cattin Marie-Isabelle , Plumettaz Nicole
Published: May 2010

The two Magdalenian open-air sites Champréveyres and Monruz, on the northern shore of Lake Neuchâtel, were occupied during the warm season, predominantly during the spring and early summer. The diverse faunal assemblages include the horse as the dominant species, which yielded 70 and 90 % of the weight of acquired animals, respectively. Due to their behavioural adaptation as animals with long fleeing distances, horses cannot be hunted close to an actively occupied site. Horse hunts must therefore have taken place at a relatively long distance from base camps and, in addition, could be carried out only from some kind of ambush or hunting hide. Since the weight of a horse precludes transport as a whole, and the skeletal representation indicates that entire horses were present on the site, the most plausible conclusion is that camps were relocated to a successful horse-hunting site. While consuming the horses and possibly preparing them for later use, other activities were performed, including the hunting of other, smaller species. After a mean duration of from one to a few weeks, the camp was relocated to a subsequent horse-hunting site, at a distance of some kilometres. The number of burning cycles in the hearths as well as the amount and types of lithic material corroborate these conclusions. Since horse-hunting sites need to meet specific, strategic characteristics, the number of reoccupations of the main horizons (6 for Champréveyres, 20 for Monruz) is easily explicable.
Las «variantes invisibles». Dos ejemplos del paso del español medieval al clásico
Authors: Barra Jover Mario
Published: May 2010

Existe la posibilidad de contemplar la evolución de las lenguas desde una perspectiva indeterminista. La gramática adquirida y compartida por los locutores de un espacio lingüístico dado es siempre fuente potencial de innovaciones que introducen variantes más o menos acogidas por la gramática social. En este artículo se presentan ejemplos de variantes invisibles, a saber, formas diferentes y no controladas de expresar la misma función. Se dan ejemplos de variantes que perduran y de otras que producen una evolución. Las hipótesis manejadas sugieren que las variantes, si se vuelven visibles, pueden obligar a los locutores a inducir nuevas reglas que producen saltos cualitativos, en la medida en que eliminan confi guraciones antes legítimas. El establecimiento de una norma ante la existencia de tales variantes y reglas innovadoras puede seguir tres pautas: la variante innovadora se impone normativamente si adquiere peso cuantitativo sufi ciente (subordinación); puede persistir en alternancia si es invisible (por ejemplo, el imperfecto de subjuntivo); puede ser descartada por la variante conservadora si no se impone cuantitativamente y si produce reglas dispares en las gramáticas personales (pronombres átonos).
Diferencias sociolingüísticas en el uso de los adjetivos relacionales en la Baja Edad Media
Authors: García González Javier , Serradilla Castaño Ana María
Published: May 2010

Nous nous proposons de montrer les différences sociolinguistiques qui se produisent dans la langue espagnole du XVe siècle et du début du XVIe siècle en ce qui concerne l’usage des adjectifs de relation. Cette époque se caractérise par un accroissement aussi bien dans le nombre de ces adjectifs que dans la fréquence de leur usage. Il s’agit en effet d’un type particulier d’adjectifs, formés à partir d’une base nominale, dont l’évolution syntaxique est complexe. En rapport avec cette dernière, l’on observe des différences de nature sociolinguistique: les textes qui ont recours à un registre soutenu de la langue tendent à permettre pour ces formes des possibilités combinatoires ou de construction bien plus nombreuses que ceux plus proches de la langue parlée ou d’un registre sociolinguistique plus bas. Ainsi, la tendance à antéposer ou graduer ces adjectifs, aussi bien que celle de les séparer du substantif au moyen d’éléments interposés sont en corrélation avec un certain nombre de variables sociolinguistiques et textuelles. De ce point de vue, cette étude propose une approche novatrice pour comprendre le fonctionnement de ces adjectifs et donne une idée de la manière dont était organisée en général la langue de cette époque qui constitue, en défi nitive, une étape fondamentale dans l’évolution historique de la langue espagnole.
Une architecture sous influences
Authors: Le Couédic Daniel
Published: May 2010

Au cours du XXe siècle, en Bretagne, la volonté de définir une architecture identitaire occupa constamment les esprits mais, paradoxalement, les formules qui furent élaborées à cet effet furent largement influencées par des principes imaginés et éprouvés sous d'autres cieux. Loin de constituer un fourvoiement, cette propension et ses résultats révèlent les vertus de l'emprunt.
Pizzas, crêpes et autres galettes
Authors: Sanchez Sylvie
Published: May 2010

In Brittany, the way in which pizza is adopted gives us an interesting context in which to observe and understand modes and mecanisms of borrowing.

In the land of the crepe, two kinds of pizza — one of Meridional and one of American ancestry — are mixed to make a new culinary dish which is in accordance with the practice of its local
Nicéphore Niépce, inventeur : un Prométhée rétrospectif
Authors: Frizot Michel
Published: May 2010

In 1839, when the discovery of the daguerreotype is announced by Daguerre, Nicéphore Niépce is "one of the inventors of photography", but only one of them, and the most neglected, outcast and overshadowed one. The elaboration of his Promethean status is a slow reconstruction, of his merits, helped by the emergence of technical inventions and patent legislation. The historical study of his work (in particular via his letters), profoundly linked to the constant modification of photographic procedure (resulting in the abandon of the daguerreotype), leads to the recognition of the concrete achievements of Niépce as the foundation of the principle of photography, in a generic sense. The official celebrations of the 1839 announcement (1889, 1939), of his work (1925), and of his death (1933) are the nodal points of the construction of Niépce's Promethean stature.
La thèse de l'exception humaine
Authors: Schaeffer Jean-Marie
Published: May 2010

This paper tries to reconstruct the paradigm of "cognitive prometheism" understood as a philosophical anthropology considering humankind as an "ontic exception". Founding itself on the idea that "reason " is the faculty of self construction of Humanity, "cognitive prometheism " argues that humans belongs to a realm of being which differs radically from that of other living beings.
Les cités de la Gaule méridionale du IIIe au VIIe s.
Authors: Beaujard Brigitte
Published: May 2010

Vom dritten bis zum siebenten Jahrhundert blieben die Civitates der Bezugsrahmen des lokalen Lebens. Sie behielten dabei zwar gröβtenteils ihr Territorium und ihre Hauptorte wurden nach und nach Bischofssitz. In bestimmten Fällen erzwang jedoch der Kaiser, später der König, einschneidende Veränderungen. So wurden manche Civitates mit einer benachbarten zusammengelegt und hörten dadurch auf zu existieren. Andere verloren einen Teil ihres Territoriums, der seinerseits einer neuen Civitas zugeschlagen wurde. Bei wieder anderen wechselte der Hauptort. Bischofssitze wurden verlagert. All diese Umgestaltungen sind nicht die Folge einer systematischen Politik. Sie erklären sich vielmehr vor dem Hintergrund eines komplexen Gefüges unterschiedlicher Zusammenhänge, das nicht einfach zu durchdringen ist (Stichworte dazu sind etwa die Verarmung, eine nicht ausreichende oder aber übermäβige Gröβe des Territoriums, Zugewinne, Rationalisierung usw.). Sie kommen von Fall zu Fall während des ganzen angegebenen Zeitraums vor und betreffen vor allem die Civitates der Viennensis und der Alpes Maritimae.
Acquisition du langage et genres énonciatifs
Authors: Berthoud-Papandropoulou Ioanna , Kilcher-Hagedorn Helga
Published: May 2010

Ioanna Berthoud-Papandropoulou, Helga Kilcher : Acquisition du langage et genres énoncíatifs.

The concept of genre is taken in a pragmatic and enunciative sense. Starting from basic mother-child interactions, children develop various enunciative genres, mastering other roles than speaker-hearer (e.g., overhearer, messenger, narrator). Two studies are reported, involving children aged 4 to 9, concerning (a) the capacity to transmit messages between two conversational partners, and (b) the capacity to detect and repair misunderstandings arising in a dialogue. Results show how children progressively coordinate communicative intentions and meanings, thus extending conversational skills towards complex enunciative genres.
Des genres à la généricité. L'exemple des contes (Perrault et les Grimm)
Authors: Adam Jean-Michel , Heidmann Ute
Published: May 2010

Jean-Michel Adam, Ute Heidmann : Des genres à la généricité. L'exemple des contes (Perrault et les Grimm).

This article sets out to demonstrate that the determination of the genre to which an utterance belongs may have an impact at every level of organization of a text. In order to grasp the full complexity of this impact, we propose a more dynamic approach to the question of genre - ie the set of categories to which texts may be said to belong. The concepts of genericity and of the effects of genericity which we develop here are intended to help us think through both the acts of writing and of reading as complex processes. A text does not belong in any predetermined or abstract sense to a genre, but rather it is put in relation with one or more genres both during its production and its reception-interpretation. By studying closely the complexity of the variations, this article shows the generic differences between the tales of Perrault and of Grimm.
Pour une approche linguistique des représentations sociales
Authors: Py Bernard
Published: May 2010

Bernard Py: Towards a linguistic approach of social representations.

The concept of social representation is currently used in all human sciences, although with different meanings, which vary according to the kinds of research methods and theoretical framework used. We have decided to closely correlate social representations to the speech. Then comes the question about the status of what we have come to name social representation: is it an abstract object deprived of any effective reality, a speech object, or a social object? Social representations originate, scatter, change, dilute and disappear within and through the speech. Their purpose is to give a meaning to daily life circumstances and thus allow decision-making, debate and communication. They may adopt rather complex speech structures, such as two-level structures, depending on whether they are merely used by the speaker as a reference, or whether they depict an experience or personal beliefs. We conclude the article with a short analysis of relevant data.
La culture grammaticale ordinaire : étude de verbalisations métagrammaticales et métacognitives d'apprenants natifs
Authors: Weber Corinne
Published: May 2010

Corinne Weber: Ordinary grammatical culture: a study on metagrammatical and metacognitive verbalisations of native speakers.

This paper is an overview of the grammatical and metacognitive verbalisations produced by native learners in difficulty with their mother tongue. Erroneous linguistic structures and mysterious behavior are often disregarded in schoolroom contexts as well as in research work. In studying the "end-products" and their meta-interpretation we have tried to clarify the complex network of grammatical representations. If meta-grammatical activity is a powerful means of appropriation and of elaboration of representations, our work shows in what way it can also be an obstacle to learning. At the same time the results we have obtained, have enabled us to bring to the fore the constituent elements of ordinary knowledge and thus to help sorting out the concept of ordinary grammatical culture.
La sculpture religieuse néo-gothique des frères Aimé et Louis Duthoit entre 1840 et 1870, en Picardie
Authors: Delas Raphaële
Published: May 2010

"The Neo-Gothic religious sculpture by the Duthoit brothers — Aimé and Louis — between 1840 and 1870 in Picardy (north of France)", by Raphaële Delas. The Duthoit brothers are important representatives of the XlXth century French Neo-Gothic sculpture, from the 1830's to the 1870's. Following the example of the "imagiers du Moyen Age", as Viollet-le-Duc used to call them, they sculpted a large number of pieces, figured at 1200 reliefs and statues, mainly located in Picardy. Most of them are religious pieces of sculpture and these commissions took place within the context of the restoration or the construction of churches. One of the most representative example of dieir works is to be found in the Amiens Cathedral. Their career in restoring and creating Neo-Gothic art may be explained by the policy in favour of the restoration of the monumental national heritage and by the Romantic sensibility of the Duthoit brothers that is especially manifest in their graphic works and in their collaboration with the Baron Taylor. Raised in a family of sculptors, they surrounded themselves with a large group of practitioners who would assist them with their abundant and varied traditional creation. The example of the Duthoit brothers is very telling about the underrated designing sculpting profession in the XlXth century. Regarding the quality of their Neo-Gothic work, their Neo-Classical and Neo-Baroque work should also be taken into consideration and, to some extent, as for sculpture matters, the value of pastiche could thus be reasserted.
Un décor sculpté néo-classique méconnu ; le fronton du Congresso de los Diputados de Madrid (1848-1850) par Ponciano Ponzano, élève de Thorvaldsen
Authors: Dotal Christiane
Published: May 2010

"An unknown Neo-Classical relief decoration : the pediment of the Congresso de los Disputados in Madrid (1848-1850) by Ponciano Ponzano, a student of Thorvaldsen", by Christiane Dotal While he is staying in Rome in 1848, having won die Prix de Rome in 1832, the Spanish sculptor Ponciano Ponzano (1813-1877) participates in a competition held by the Academia San Fernando for the achievement of the pediment of the Congresso de los Diputados. Thanks to his academic training in Madrid and his apprenticeship at Bertel Thorvaldsen's Roman studio, Ponzano creates a relief that stylistically matches his master's works of art. Such a relief, located in Madrid, testifies to a whole part of the artistic exchanges which took place in Rome in these days.
Autour du piédestal des monuments commémoratifs : le rapport entre sculpteurs et architectes à partir d'exemples bas-normands
Authors: Luis Emmanuel
Published: May 2010

« Um den Sockel der Gedenkstätten herum : die Beziehungen der Architekten mit den Bildhauern im Licht von Beispielen der Basse-Normandie », von Emmanuel Luis Das Inventar der Gedenkstätten in der Basse-Normandie lieferte eine Anzahl von interessanten Informationen uber die Skulptur im 19. Jahrhundert. Ausgehend von einer Liste von etwa dreiBig Namen wurde diese Produktion, sowohl häufig wie typisch fur diese Zeit, Anlass, die Rolle der Architekten an der Seite der Bildhauer zu untersuchen. Die Studie unterstrich also die bedeutsame Rolle der öffentlichen Architekten, die von ihren Auftraggebern, beziehungsweise von den fur die Errichtung des Denkmals zuständigen Behörden, darüm beauftragt waren, den Bildhauern beizustehen, und zwar als technische Experten, die fur den Bau des Sockels und die Bezifferung der Bauarbeiten zuständig waren. Am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts erweitertete sich aufgrund der stilistischen Entwicklung des Gedenkstättenbaus der Kreis der öffentlichen Architekten, deren manche von nationalem Ruf waren. Sie wurden von dem Bildhauer selber oder von dem Baukomitee gewählt. Dieses wachsende Engagement der Architekten lässt sich wahrscheinlich durch die Veränderung ihrer Beziehung zu den Bildhauern verstehen. Lange blieb die Rolle des Architekten auf Aufgaben minderer Bedeutung beschränkt, so zum Beispiel auf die Konzipierung und den Bau des Sockels, bis der Architekt sich als ein wertvoller Partner entwickelte, je komplexer die Werke wurden. Beinahe wie bei architektonischen Programmen schlossen sich Bildhauer und Architekten zusammen, aber die letzteren reservierten sich allmählich die Aufgabe der Gesamtkomposition. Es wurden also immer mehr Gedenkstätten errichtet, wobei der Anteil der Skulptur zurückging. Obwohl aber die Rolle des Architekten in der Definition des Projekts noch an Gewicht gewann, kamen eher unauffällige Werke zustande. Unter verschiedenen Beispielen gilt die lange freundschafliche Zusammenarbeit des Bildhauers Arthur Le Duc mit dem Architekten Auguste Nicolas als eine einzelne Erfahrung, deren Höhepunkt im Bau der Gedenkstatte Formigny zu erkennen ist.
Les Juifs en Grèce au XXe siècle
Authors: Molho Rena
Published: May 2010

Rena Molho,

The Jewish community in Greece during the 20th century

The Jewish presence in the Greek peninsula has been considerable, notably with the biggest Jewish city in Europe, Salonika, where a significant part of the Spanish Jews settled after their expulsion from Spain in the 15th century. Under their impetus, Salonika, then part of the Ottoman Empire, became the greatest economic centre in the Balkans. However, this prosperous, dynamic and cultivated society could not resist national pressures. Immediately it was conquered by Greece in 1912, Jewish Salonika — and by extension the other Jewish communities in Greece— went into decline, victim of the loss of its hinterland and the desire for Hellenization. Strongly affected, moreover, by the great fire of 1917, the Jewish comminuity of Salonika was already seriously weakened before the Germans wiped it out during the Second World War. Currently there is very little Jewish presence left in Greece.
« Des semaines… chaudes de bataille. » Victor Basch et le deuxième procès d’Alfred Dreyfus....
Authors: Basch Françoise
Published: May 2010

Professeur à l’Université de Rennes, militant dreyfusard, Victor Basch joua un rôle important pendant le procès en révision du capitaine Dreyfus devant le tribunal militaire de Rennes (7 août au 9 septembre 1899). Il organisait le soutien à Alfred Dreyfus, en contribuant à animer la nouvelle section de la Ligue des droits de l’homme, en hébergeant des personnalités, en ralliant les ouvriers à la cause. Ses lettres à Joseph Reinach, auquel il rend compte des événements, ainsi qu’à sa femme Ilona donnent à voir une ville «chouanne», des juges militaires butés, des manifestants antidreyfusards et antisémites particulièrement déchaînés contre sa personne. On voit et on entend également de célèbres partisans de Dreyfus, Jaurès, Picard, Séverine et d’autres, échanger leurs vues sur la stratégie. Les lettres de Victor Basch nous font aussi partager les aventures d’un maître de maison et sa vie de famille.
L’humanitaire, les droits de l’homme et le politique
Authors: Lochak Danièle
Published: May 2010

In what way is struggle for the Human Rights related to humanitarian engagement on the one hand and political struggle on the other? Humanitarian semantics, oppositions, interferences and complementarities between humanitarian and political, apolitical or political engagements are analysed in the present study.
La stratégie de la Russie envers l’Europe depuis les années 1980. Essai d’analyse systémique
Authors: Malguine Artiom
Published: May 2010

From the 1980’ s, the Russian strategy toward Europe is determined according to three tracks: "pan-European” (OSCE and CSCE), "Western-European” (before all that of the EU) and the Atlantic one. The article describes the respective weight given to these orientations, according to the economic and geopolitical parameters (in particular the turning point of 1991, the crisis of Kosovo and September 11, 2001).