bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O turismo em Foz do Iguaçu na visão dos estudantes: um estudo de percepção ambiental
Authors: BERTIN Marta
Published: August 2014

O problema central desta pesquisa foi analisar e compreender como o turismo tem interferido na mente dos adolescentes que vivem em Foz do Iguaçu, por meio da percepção e representação de estudantes do ensino fundamental da rede pública e particular. A possibilidade de poder descrever uma determinada realidade, a partir das observações e dos questionários aplicados, visaram a apontar soluções, a partir da percepção do turismo como prática social no município, concebido como pólo turístico de toda a região oeste paranaense. A discussão construída fundamentou-se na perspectiva humanística da geografia, respaldada no aporte teórico da fenomenologia existencial. A pesquisa busca ainda analisar como essa prática social − o turismo −, com sua capacidade de transformação dos lugares, está influenciando na relação do homem com o seu ambiente, ou seja, seu mundo vivido por meio das representações simbólicas − os mapas mentais. Diante dessas premissas, são consideradas as subjetividades, consciências individuais de adolescentes, no que se refere ao enfoque da percepção ambiental e geográfica, refletindo-se nas vivências que retratam o seu mundo vivido. Na coleta das informações, o instrumento utilizado ocasionou um repensar sobre o papel dos adolescentes na sociedade atual. Os resultados desta pesquisa levaram à constatação de que os adolescentes envolvidos, que constituíram a amostra, apesar da pouca idade, possuem a consciência das implicações que o turismo, como prática social, engendra na sociedade iguaçuense. Ficou claro que é preciso incentivá-lo na escola para que haja um desencadeamento de reflexões que levem o adolescente a compreender as questões desta prática para além de suas dimensões econômicas e políticas, e sobretudo na dimensão socioespacial.
Poluição do ar e doenças respiratórias em Curitiba - PR
Authors: BAKONYI Sônia Maria Cipriano
Published: August 2014

A contaminação do ar nos grandes centros urbanos tem sido um grave problema no último século, merecendo, portanto, a atenção da comunidade científica e também da população, como uma fonte de possíveis agravos à saúde. Os efeitos da poluição do ar sobre a morbidade e também sobre a mortalidade têm sido observados nas mais diversas regiões do mundo. A faixa etária mais vulnerável é a das crianças e dos idosos, mesmo quando os níveis médios dos poluentes não são tão altos. Para que se pudessem identificar os possíveis efeitos dos poluentes do ar sobre a população infantil de Curitiba, realizou-se uma análise descritiva para o período de 1997 a 2000, e posteriormente um estudo de séries temporais para 1999 e 2000. Dados diários dos atendimentos ambulatoriais de 1997 a 2000 foram obtidos junto à Secretaria Municipal da Saúde (SMS). Os níveis diários do MPT, fumaça, NO2 e O3 foram obtidos junto ao IAP/Lactec e os dados referentes ao clima provieram do Inmet. Foi elaborado um estudo para o período total da distribuição têmporoespacial das doenças respiratórias e poluentes do ar para a cidade como um todo e ainda por regiões (mesoclimáticas), no qual se identificou a Região Nordeste da cidade como a portadora dos mais altos índices de poluição, bem como do mais elevado número de atendimentos por doenças respiratórias (DR). Para a série de 1999 a 2000 elaborou-se um estudo de séries temporais, no qual se definiu como variável dependente as DR, e como variáveis independentes os níveis médios diários dos poluentes, meses do ano, dias da semana, temperatura mínima e umidade relativa. Utilizouse a análise de correlação de Pearson e a de regressão de Poisson-GAM. Os poluentes MPT, fumaça e NO2 apresentaram associações estatisticamente significativas com as DR. Estas associações resistiram à inclusão das variáveis de controle, apresentando risco relativo à saúde. Diante da importância da poluição sobre a saúde infantil de Curitiba, no que diz respeito à morbidade, faz-se necessária a adoção de políticas públicas articuladas entre os diversos setores que gerenciam a vida urbana, para que se possa garantir a qualidade do ar curitibano, bem como a saúde de seus habitantes.
BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO QUILOMBO: DEJETOS DE SUÍNOS E IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS
Authors: ASSIS Fabiola Oro
Published: August 2014

Esta pesquisa procurou mostrar o impacto ambiental causado pelos dejetos de suínos na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Quilombo, no município de Quilombo  SC. Foram realizados levantamentos de dados, através de visitas a campo e pesquisas bibliográficas. Procurou-se esclarecer a atual situação da atividade suinícola, uma vez que esta atividade está presente na maioria das propriedades rurais do município, empregando basicamente mão-de-obra familiar e constituindose em fonte de renda. Embora trazendo benefícios para o produtor, a criação de suínos nesta bacia não utiliza práticas que garantam um destino adequado aos dejetos. Hydrographic basin of Quilombo river: swinish dejection and environmental impact Abstract This research showed the environmental impact caused by the swinish dejection in the hydrographic basin of Quilombo River in the municipality of Quilombo-SC. An information survey has been held through field research and bibliography. It shows the current situation about the hog raising activitys, this activy happens in most rural properties in the municipality, which is basic family manual labor which is a source of income. Although it brings benefits for the producer, the swinish ireation in this basin is not correctly practiced concerning swinish dejection.
MIGRAÇÃO, DESORGANIZAÇÃO SOCIAL E VIOLÊNCIA URBANA EM MINAS GERAIS
Authors: DINIZ Alexandre M. A.
Published: August 2014

Dentre as diversas abordagens teóricas sobre os determinantes da violência urbana, destaca-se a desorganização social, que vincula a incidência criminal a processos de enfraquecimento de mecanismos de controle social. De acordo com esta perspectiva, intensas correntes imigratórias e a aglomeração de grandes massas populacionais em centros urbanos favorecem, potencialmente, a incidência criminal. Este estudo explora a relação entre as taxas de criminalidade violenta e as taxas de imigração, urbanização e tamanho populacional nos municípios mineiros no final da década de 1990, visando confrontar as idéias postuladas pela abordagem da desorganização social com a realidade mineira. Migration, social disorganization and urban violence in Minas Gerais Abstract Among the various theoretical interpretations of urban crime incidence the social disorganization approach deserves attention. This perspective associates crime to weakening social control mechanisms, suggesting that intense migratory flows and the agglomeration of large populations in urban areas potentially favor crime incidence. This study explores the relationship between violent crime rates and immigration, urbanization and total population rates among the municipalities of Minas Gerais State in the 1990s, in order to test the ideas postulated by the social disorganization perspective in Minas Gerais State.
DANOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS URBANOS EM CURITIBA: UMA ABORDAGEM GEOGRÁFICA
Authors: FRANCISCO Denise Pinheiro
Published: August 2014

Classificam-se os danos socioambientais urbanos em Curitiba como provenientes de: Atividades Noturnas, Empreendimentos Imobiliários, Atividades Industriais, Serviços de Transportes e Atividades Diversas. Estas atividades e serviços compõem o conjunto de intervenções objeto de pesquisa em 44 ações civis públicas propostas pelo Ministério Público do Paraná (de 1986 a 2002). Os danos socioambientais urbanos identificados em Curitiba são: poluição sonora, poluição atmosférica, poluição hídrica, degradação ambiental e desequilíbrio ecológico, com danos à fauna e à flora e riscos à qualidade de vida (saúde e bemestar), além da lesão ao patrimônio cultural de valor histórico, urbanístico e paisagístico. Urban partner-ambient damages in Curitiba: a geographic boarding Abstract The urban partner-environmental damages in Curitiba are classified as: Evening activities, Real Estate Enterprises, Industrial Activities, Services of Transports and Diverse Activities. These activities and services compose the set of interventions which were the object of research in 44 civil actions public proposals for the Public prosecution service of the Paraná State (1986−2002). The identified urban partnerambient damages in Curitiba are: sonorous pollution, atmospheric pollution, hydrical pollution, environmental degradation and ecological disequilibrium, with damages to the fauna and flora and risks to the quality of life (health and well-being), beyond the injury to the cultural patrimony of historical, urban and landscape value.
Recent Trends in Appalachian Migration, 2005-2009
Authors: Ludke Robert L. , Obermiller Phillip J.
Published: August 2014

This study briefly reviews the major findings of Appalachian migration research during the twentieth century before turning to an analysis of 2005-2009 American Community Survey data on migration as it affects Appalachia. The questions guiding the analysis are: Is large-scale migration still affecting the region? What is the magnitude of the migration flows within as well as into and out of the region? What is the magnitude of in- and outmigration at the subregional level and at the county level by economic type? What is the pattern of migration between the urban and rural areas within the region? What is the "turnover" rate (inmigrants + outmigrants/total population) for the various geographic areas studied? The findings indicate that after the large-scale population movements of the previous century, the Appalachian region is now in a period of relative population stability with low turnover rates. The majority of Appalachians were non-movers, and most of those who did move stayed within their own counties or moved to other Appalachian counties. This stability may reflect a temporary lull caused by the recent economic downturn and the concomitant lack of job opportunities; migration rates can be expected to rise should job opportunities become more plentiful. Unexpected outcomes of the study include the finding that, among international movers to Appalachia, Asians far surpass Central American immigrants, and that the number of European immigrants to the region is on a par with that of Central American immigrants.
Reflections on an Environmental Education Summer Program in Appalachian Ohio
Authors: Watson Sarah A.
Published: August 2014

In this teaching note I offer thoughts and reflections on my research that focused on the 2011 summer environmental education day camps run by the Appalachian Ohio non-profit Rural Action. During the summer, two camps were conducted with one based in Perry County, Ohio, and the other in Athens County, Ohio. Rural Action worked with local watershed restoration groups to facilitate programming that focused on local environmental issues, including discussing acid mine drainage. By offering descriptions of different camp activities, I offer some thoughts about the effectiveness of the activities and also highlight some of the struggles camp organizers faced. Additionally, I reflect on some of the different socio-economic dynamics that infiltrated and shaped the camps, which made it difficult for camp organizers to conduct the same camp in the two different areas. Ultimately, this teaching note is offered as a way to encourage critical conversations about environmental education programming in Appalachia.
Studies on the Local Angular Distortion and Spin Hamiltonian Parameters for the Trigonal Co2+ Center in MgCl2
Authors: Hu Xian-Fen , Wu Shao-Yi , Kuang Min-Quan , Li Guo-Liang
Published: August 2014

The local angular distortion and spin Hamiltonian parameters (g factors g||, g⊥ and the hyperfine structure constants) for the trigonal Co2+ center in MgCl2 are theoretically studied by diagonalizing the 6×6 energy matrix of ground 4T1 state for a trigonally distorted octahedral 3d7 cluster. Based on the cluster approach, the contributions from the admixtures of various J (= 1/2;3/2;5/2) states and the ligand orbital and spin-orbit coupling interactions are taken into account in a uniform way. The local impurity-ligand bond angle in the Co2+ center is found to be about 3.44° larger than the host metal-ligand bond angle in the pure crystal due to substitution of smaller Mg2+ by bigger Co2+, inducing a further compressed ligand octahedron. The calculated spin Hamiltonian parameters using the above local angular distortion are in good agreement with the experimental data. The present studies on the local structure and the spin Hamiltonian parameters for Co2+ in MgCl2 are tentatively extended to a more general case by comparing the relevant impurity behaviours for Co2+ in various trigonal environments.
Effect of pine sawdust on the structure of fungi communities in the soils of post agricultural land
Authors: Sierota Zbigniew , Kwaśna Hanna
Published: August 2014

This paper presents the results of mycological studies of soils left barren for 15,6 and 3 years before and after addition of pine sawdust. Considerable differences in thc species composition of fungi communities were found related both to the type of soil (period of lying barren) and treatment. Before the treatment the soil was dominated by such species as Paecilomyces lilacinus, P. marquandi, Apiospora montagnei, Pseudogumnnnoscus roseus, Penicillium janczewskii, P. jensenii, while after a year following addition of sawdust by Trichoderma harzinum, T. pubescens, T. virens and numerous species of Penicillium. The presence of Trichoderma species, comprising over 60% of the communities after the treatment indicated the possibility of creating conditions for efficient protective action against root infection of trees by Heterobasidion unnosum (a cause of dangerous destruction in forests growing on post agricultural land in Poland).
Changes in macromycetes of the oak-hornbeam forests in the "Dębina" reseire (Northern Wielkopolska)
Authors: Lisiewska Maria , Połczyńska Małgorzata
Published: August 2014

In the years 1994-1996 macrofungi on two permanent plots situated in the phytocoenoses of Galio-Carpinetum typicum and Galio-Carpinetum corydaletosum in the "Dębina" reserve near Wągrowiec were monitored. 213 fungal taxa were found, mainly Agaricales (165 saprotrophic. 43 mycorrhizal and 5 parasitic fungi). Comparison of the results with the mycocoenological observations made 30 years ago revealed significant quantitative and qualitative changes in the ecological groups of macromycetes.
Mycorrhiza of Dryopteris carthusiana in southern Poland
Authors: Unrug Juliusz , Turnau Katarzyna
Published: August 2014

The research on mycorrhiza of Dryopteris carthusiana from natural sites and those contaminated by heavy metals (Niepołomice Forest), both on lowlands and mountainous areas in Poland, was carried out. Mycorrhizal colonization of Arum-type was higher in ferns growing on tree stumps than in specimens developing directly on the soil. Additionally, an increase in mycorrhiza intensity and arbuscular richness with the rising ground humidity was observed. In comparison to natural sites, mycorrhizas from the areas contaminated by heavy metals were much less developed and the roots were often infected by parasites. Two morphotypes of mycorrhizal fungi have been described The most common was a fine endophyte (Glomales).
Rare species of fungi parasiting on algae. III.
Authors: Kadłubowska Joanna Z.
Published: August 2014

The investigations csrried out on algae revealed the following species of fungi from the order of Chytridialis Hawksworth et al. (1995) parasitizing on algae: Rhizophydium subgulosum, R. ganlosporum, R. planctonicum, Entophlyctis rhizina and  Harpochytrium hedinii. These species arc new to Poland. The figure of resting spore of Entophlyctis rhizina is the fint graphic documentation of this species.
Fungal colonization of tobacco waste
Authors: Korniłłowicz-Kowalska Teresa , Szwed Alicja , Jezierska-Tys Stefania
Published: August 2014

Tobacco dust colonization by soil fungi involves the succession of physiologically differentiated groups. They are characterized by poorly diversified species composition and are dominated by potentially phytopathogenic forms.
New records of three species of the genus Micarea (lichenized Ascomycota) in Poland
Authors: Kukwa Martin , Zalewska Anna , Czarnota Paweł
Published: August 2014

The article presents new data on distribution of Micarea botryoides, M. misella and M. nitschkeana in Poland. The localities, maps, and ecological remarks are given. M. botryoides is reported from several localities, which have been noted recently, M. misella and M. nitschkeana are known from some earlier published records and from several recent ones.
Macromycetes of oak forests in the Jurassic Landscape Park (Częstochowa Upland) - monitoring studies
Authors: Ławrynowicz Maria
Published: August 2014

Mycological observations were carried out between 1994-1996 in two representative plots (1000 m2 each) in 80-year-old oak plantation (Quercus robur and Qu. petraea) on calcareous hill in the Mstów village in the Jurassic Landscape Park. The project was carried out in the frame of international network of the „Mycological monitoring in European oak forests". During 24 visits in the plots a total of 190 species of macromycetes was recorded: 80 mycorrhizal and 110 saprobic fungi. Among them 2 species are new to Poland and 16 are inscribed in the Red List of threatened macromycetes in Poland (Wojewoda and Ławrynowicz 1992).
Macromycetes diversity of pine-tree plantings on a post-fire forest site in Notecka Forest (NW Poland)
Authors: Friedrich Stefan
Published: August 2014

The article presents the results of a study on fungi in pine-tree plantings after the last great fire in Notecka Forest. The occurrence of 134 species of fungi and 3 species of myxomycetes was recorded in 25 permanent study areas investigated between 1993 and 1998. The particpalion of bio-ecological of macromycetes was described in the context of vegetation changes in the years following the fire.
Colacogloea peniophorae (Platygloeales) in Poland
Authors: Piątek Marcin
Published: August 2014

The fourth Polish locality of unusual auricularioid mycoparasite, Colacogloea peniophorae (Bourdot et Galzin) Oberw. et Bandoni, is reported and distribution of the fungus in Poland is reviewed. The taxonomy of the fungus is discussed and key to Colacogloea species is provided. Fungi parasitizes through colacosomes are briefly reviewed.
Dynamics of human respiratory system mycoflora
Authors: Biedunkiewicz Anna
Published: August 2014

The study aimed at determing the prevalence of individual species of fungi in the respiratory systems of women and men, analysis of the dynamics of the fungi in individual sections of the respiratory system as concerns their quantity and identification of phenology of the isolated fungi coupled with an attempt at identifying their possible preferences for appearing during specific seasons of thc year. During 10 years of studies (1989- 1998). 29 species of fungi belonging: Candida, Geolrichum, Saccharomyces, Saccharomycopsis, Schizosaccharomyces, Torulopsis, Trichosporon and Aspergillus were isolated from the ontocenoses of the respiratory systems of patients at the Independent Public Center for Pulmonology and Oncology in Olsztyn. Candida albicans was a clearly dominating fungus. Individual species appeared individually, in twos or threes in a single patient, they were isolated more frequently in the spring and autumn, less frequently during the winter and summer. The largest number of fungi species were isolated from sputum (29 species), bronchoscopic material (23 species) and pharyngeal swabs (15 species). Sacchoromycopsis capsularis and Trichosporon beigelii should be treated as new for the respiratory system. Biodiversity of fungi, their numbers and continous fluctuations in frequency indicate that the respiratory system ontocenose offers the optimum conditions for growth and development of the majority of the majority of yeasts - like fungi.
The genus Epigloea in Poland
Authors: Ceynowa-Giełdon Mirosława
Published: August 2014

The paper presents a descriplion, figures and locations of the species Epigloca pleispora, E. bactrospora and E. soleifomis, new to Poland, found on the shores of lakes in the Tuchola Forests (Bory Tucholskie) region (NW Poland).
Rare species of fungi parasitizing on algae. IV
Authors: Kadłubowska Joanna Z.
Published: August 2014

The following parasites of the genera Spirogyra Link, Mougeotia Agardh and Oedogonium Link are desribed: Myzocyutium irregulare, Woroninu glomerata, Harpochytrium tenuissimum, Woronina polycystis, Chytridium acuminatu, Myzocytium irregulare and Chytridumm acuminatum are new to Poland. Also, the first information on Woronina polycystis as a parasite on algae is presented. The figure of cystosori in a cell of Mougeotia mysorensis is the first graphic documentation of this species.
Macrofungi of Aceri-Tilietum and Tilio-Carpinetum in the „Dolina Rzeki Brdy” nature reserve in the Bory Tucholskie (NW Poland)
Authors: Ławrynowicz Maria , Dziedziński Tomasz , Szkodzik Jarosław
Published: August 2014

Mycocoenological studies on macrofungi in the Tilio-Carpinetum and Aceri-Tilietum plant associations were carried out in 4 permanent plots (1000 m2 each) in the southern part of the "Dolina Rzeki Brdy" nature reserve. In 1994-1995, the total number of 279 species, mostly Basidiomycotina, were recorded. Mycological investigations of Aceri-Tilietum were conducted for the first time. The share of biological groups: terricolous, litter-inhabiting and lignicolous fungi as well as the diagnostic role of macromycetes in the investigated phytocoenoses, arelysed in the paper.
The Science of Poetry: Poetic Process as Evolution in Mandel'shtam's “Conversation about Dante”
Authors: Spektor Alexander
Published: August 2014

This article investigates the relationship between the humanities and science by focusing on Osip Mandel'shtam's “Conversation about Dante.” Noting the importance of natural science for Mandel'shtam's treatise, I argue that Mandel'shtam makes use of the methods of the natural sciences in developing a complex theory of the poetic process. He encounters the scientific method of analysis in his reading of the natural scientists, written about in his travelogue “Journey to Armenia,” as well as various shorter pieces accompanying it. Mandel'shtam begins with a proposition of isomorphism between poetry and nature. Ultimately, I argue that the scientific method allows Mandel'shtam to theorize the poetic process as a dialogue between author and reader in which cultural kinship between its participants is established as a break within their individuality and a recognition of the authority of the “poetic impulse” or “instinct.” In turn, envisioning the poetic process as a dialogue that paradoxically suspends and transcends the individuality of its participants allows Mandel'shtam simultaneously to insist on the necessity of submission to the authority of the poetic message and to endow poetry with political autonomy.
“In Memory of Our Murdered (Jewish) Children”: Hearing the Holocaust in Soviet Jewish Culture
Authors: Loeffler James
Published: August 2014

This article offers the first major investigation of the Holocaust in wartime Soviet music and its connection to questions of Soviet Jewish identity. Moving beyond the consistent focus on Dmitrii Shostakovich's 1962 Symphony no. 13 ﹛Babi Yar),I present an alternative locus for the beginnings of Soviet musical representations of the Nazi genocide in a now forgotten composition by the Soviet Jewish composer Mikhail Gnesin, his 1943 Piano Trio, “In Memory of Our Perished Children.” I trace the genesis of this work in Gnesin's web of experiences before and during the war, examining Gnesin's careful strategy of deliberate aesthetic ambiguity in depicting death—Jewish and Soviet, individual and collective. Recapturing this forgotten cultural genealogy provides a very different kind of European historical soundtrack for the Holocaust. Instead of the categories of survivor and bystander, wartime witness and postwar remembrance,we find a more ambiguous form of early Holocaust memory. The story of how the Holocaust first entered Soviet music challenges our contemporary assumptions about the coherence and legitimacy of Holocaust musicas a category of cultural history and present-day performance.
Rejecting Angelina: Bosnian War Rape Survivors and the Ambiguities of Sex in War
Authors: Helms Elissa
Published: August 2014

Before Angelina Jolie's 2011 film In the Land of Blood and Honey, about the rape of women in the Bosnian war, was filmed, a group of Bosnian women war rape survivors persuaded local government officials to revoke Jolie's onlocation filming permit. The survivors’ objections were based on a rumor, subsequently refuted, that the plot was a love story between a Bosnian Muslim woman and her Serb rapist. This paper analyzes these objections, their subsequent permutations, and the film itself in light of the relationships between gender and sexuality, nationalist ideologies, and the logics of war. I contextualize the objections raised and argue that the film ultimately fails to challenge conventional patriarchal and nationalist assumptions about wartime rape, sex, and gender roles in war, despite its seemingly provocative focus on violence against women in war. Ultimately, as I show, the film reinforces clear-cut ethnonational narratives of victims and perpetrators while leaving the gendered logics of sex and power unexamined.
Dermal Papilla Cells Improve the Wound Healing Process and Generate Hair Bud-Like Structures in Grafted Skin Substitutes Using Hair Follicle Stem Cells
Authors: Leirós Gustavo José , Kusinsky Ana Gabriela , Drago Hugo , Bossi Silvia , Sturla Flavio , Castellanos María Lía , Stella Inés Yolanda , Balañá María Eugenia
Published: August 2014

Tissue-engineered skin represents a useful strategy for the treatment of deep skin injuries and might contribute to the understanding of skin regeneration. The use of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) as a dermal component in a permanent composite skin with human hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) was evaluated by studying the tissue-engineered skin architecture, stem cell persistence, hair regeneration, and graft-take in nude mice. A porcine acellular dermal matrix was seeded with HFSCs alone and with HFSCs plus human DPCs or dermal fibroblasts (DFs). In vitro, the presence of DPCs induced a more regular and multilayered stratified epidermis with more basal p63-positive cells and invaginations. The DPC-containing constructs more accurately mimicked the skin architecture by properly stratifying the differentiating HFSCs and developing a well-ordered epithelia that contributed to more closely recapitulate an artificial human skin. This acellular dermal matrix previously repopulated in vitro with HFSCs and DFs or DPCs as the dermal component was grafted in nude mice. The presence of DPCs in the composite substitute not only favored early neovascularization, good assimilation and remodeling after grafting but also contributed to the neovascular network maturation, which might reduce the inflammation process, resulting in a better healing process, with less scarring and wound contraction. Interestingly, only DPC-containing constructs showed embryonic hair bud-like structures with cells of human origin, presence of precursor epithelial cells, and expression of a hair differentiation marker. Although preliminary, these findings have demonstrated the importance of the presence of DPCs for proper skin repair.
Evaluation of Safety and Pharmacokinetic Behavior of Unipeg® in Healthy Human Volunteers
Authors: T. Ahmad  , R. Ahsan  , M.R. Raza  , G. Saba
Published: August 2014

Peginterferon α-2a (20 kDa) derived from Hansenula Polymorpha is a distinct variety of peginterferons (PEG-IFN). A pilot study of this drug was conducted on healthy human subjects to evaluate its safety and pharmacokinetic behavior in local population.
With due approval of the IEC operating under ICH-GCP guidelines; ten healthy male subjects were selected randomly from the Pakistani population after thorough screening and signing of the Informed consent for an open label, single dose study. Each subject received a subcutaneous injection of the drug (180 µg) in abdominal skin and blood samples were collected at 0 and 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 60, 84, 108, 132 and 156 hours, and analyzed by a validated ELISA method for peginterferon α-2a (20kDa), Unipeg®.
The Mean ± SEM (standard error of mean) PK parameters were found to be: Cmax: 18.67±2.92 ng/ml (7.05-34.51); AUC0-∞: 1440±113 h.µg/l] (969-2101); Absorption Half-Life: 17.02±2.06 h (10.37-29.26), elimination half life: 41.437±6.21 h (18.51-78.97 h); volume of distribution 8.933±1.72 L (4.81-18.34), clearance: 112.6±8.21 ml/h (71.96–155.96).
The safety of the drug was evaluated by observation of adverse effects and evaluating the change in general health parameters, hematological and biochemical test results during and after the study.
No Sever Adverse Effect was observed however the most common adverse event (AE) was the fever; observed in all volunteers (n=10), headache (6), Fatigue (5), Vomiting (4) and diarrhea, loss of appetite, body ache was observed in 3 volunteers. Three out of ten volunteers demonstrated decrease in WBC and platelets count. Changes observed in hematology returned to normal values within 16 days.
The safety profile of UNIPEG® was found to be very similar to those of reported in literature for unmodified IFNs and other pegylated interferons generally used in therapy. Future clinical trials are recommended to further establish the safety profile and pharmacokinetics.
Comment je ne suis pas devenue psychanalyste
Authors: Ragheb Nathalie
Published: August 2014

À partir du récit elliptique d’un parcours individuel, au plus près d’une subjectivité qui ne cesse de lui échapper et dans une position d’extériorité face aux milieux psychanalytiques, l’auteure tente d’élaborer des éléments de réponse à la question de ce qu’est la psychanalyse devenue.
Une étude des relations significatives d’un ex-détenu : aux sources identificatoires de la conflictualité
Authors: Gabrion France , Brunet Louis
Published: August 2014

Cet article présente une analyse des relations marquantes ayant teinté la vie d’un ex-détenu dont la carrière criminelle a été caractérisée par de nombreux recels. L’objectif principal est de comprendre comment certaines relations significatives ont influencé le cheminement criminel d’un homme condamné à de multiples sentences d’emprisonnement. Douze entretiens avec un criminel réhabilité ont permis de dégager trois sphères conflictuelles de ses relations interpersonnelles, regroupées sous les thèmes suivants : l’importance de la méfiance, la protection contre l’attachement et la non-valeur d’autrui. Ces thèmes sont analysés et mis en rapport avec des figures significatives de son histoire, mettant en lumière la complexité des enjeux identificatoires et projectifs en cause. En outre, l’analyse fait ressortir comment des relations significatives sont devenues des identifications structurant le devenir criminel de cet homme. Le texte fait le lien entre ces analyses et les modèles psychocriminologiques et psychanalytiques des relations d’objet et des identifications.
Marguerite-A. Primeau et les origines de la littérature franco-colombienne
Authors: Parker John
Published: August 2014

Trois oeuvres de référence, Sauvage-Sauvageon (1984), Le totem (1988) et Ol’ Man, Ol’ dog et l’enfant et autres nouvelles (1995) de l’auteure d’origine albertaine Marguerite-A. Primeau marquent l’arrivée définitive de la littérature franco-colombienne. Depuis plusieurs années, la Colombie-Britannique profite d’une francophonie grandissante qui s’intéresse de plus en plus à son patrimoine et à ses institutions culturelles. Cette francophonie comporte maintenant plusieurs auteurs, et ce, dans tous les domaines littéraires, qui, comme l’a fait Marguerite-A. Primeau il y a soixante ans, s’installent dans cette province et contribuent au canon littéraire francophone qui continue à évoluer et à attirer l’intérêt de la critique. Cet article veut donc montrer le rôle influent de Marguerite-A. Primeau dans la mise en place de cette jeune littérature. En effet, des traces de son oeuvre s’y retrouvent partout. Ainsi, plusieurs romans en montrent des empreintes significatives et sont examinés ici, dont L’hiver de Mira Christophe (1986) de Pierre Nepveu, Itinérance (1999) et Nootka (2003) de Monique Genuist, et Les fossoyeurs (2010) d’André Lamontagne. De nombreuses nouvelles aussi bien que des pièces de théâtre reflètent également l’héritage de Marguerite-A. Primeau. Ce travail, un hommage à Marguerite-A. Primeau, décédée à Vancouver en octobre 2011, est en effet un aperçu du canon de la littérature franco-colombienne.
Dépossession socio-économique, linguistique et résilience : horizons de mobilité sociale chez les élèves immigrants, réfugiés au Manitoba
Authors: Bahi Boniface , Piquemal Nathalie
Published: August 2014

À travers des données qualitatives obtenues au moyen d’entrevues semi-structurées auprès de jeunes immigrants réfugiés, ce texte examine les supports de réussite socio-scolaire de ceux-ci en milieu franco-manitobain. Cet examen renvoie à l’identification de stratégies de soutien relatives aux trois instances suivantes du vécu quotidien de l’enfant-réfugié dans le nouvel environnement: interface famille-école; langue et communication à l’école; culture, identité et réseaux de solidarité en milieu scolaire. L’analyse des données effectuées en référence aux notions de résilience et de mobilité sociale révèle qu’à l’échelle individuelle, le jeune élève semble faire montre d’une ingénierie sociale qui s’allie à l’expression d’un comportement résilient. Ce comportement laisse entrevoir, principalement, l’élaboration d’un nouveau projet de vie, d’un sentiment d’appartenance à l’institution scolaire, de nouvelles amitiés, avec une volonté de faire preuve de sa compétence face aux défis. Ces données structurent l’élan de sa nouvelle mobilité sociale.
Enclosed beyond Alexander’s Barrier
Authors: Silverstein Adam
Published: August 2014

This is a review article of Gog and Magog in Early Christian and Islamic Sources: Sallam’s Quest for Alexander’s Wall. By Emeri van Donzel and Andrea Schmidt. Brill’s Inner Asian Library, vol. 22. Leiden: Brill, 2010. Pp. xx + 271. $147; and Mapping Frontiers across Medieval Islam: Geography, Translation and the ‘Abbāsid Empire. By Travis Zadeh. Library of Middle East History, vol. 27. London: i. B. tauris, 2011. Pp. xiv + 316. £59.50, $99.
Ancient Memphis: ‘Enduring is the Perfection’. Proceedings of the International Conference Held at Macquarie University, Sydney in August 14–15, 2008. Edited by Linda Evans
Authors: Theis Christoffer
Published: August 2014

Ancient Memphis: ‘Enduring is the Perfection’. Proceedings of the International Conference Held at Macquarie University, Sydney in August 14–15, 2008. Edited by Linda Evans. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta, vol. 214. Leuven: UitgeveriJ Peeters, 2012. Pp. viii + 443, illus. €90.
American Egyptologist: The Life of James Henry Breasted and the Creation of His Oriental Institute. By Jeffrey Abt
Authors: Ambridge Lindsay J.
Published: August 2014

American Egyptologist: The Life of James Henry Breasted and the Creation of His Oriental Institute. By Jeffrey Abt. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011. Pp. xix + 510, illus. $45.
Passion of Max von Oppenheim: Archaeology and Intrigue in the Middle East from Wilhelm II to Hitler. By Lionel Gossman
Authors: Beckman Gary
Published: August 2014

The Passion of Max von Oppenheim: Archaeology and Intrigue in the Middle East from Wilhelm II to Hitler. By Lionel Gossman. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2013. Pp. xxvi + 388, illus. £15.95 (paper).
Back Matter
Authors: Editors
Published: August 2014

Back matter
Effect of Abdominal Liposuction on Sonographically Guided High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation
Authors: Zhao Wen-Peng , Chen Jin-Yun , Chen Wen-Zhi
Published: August 2014

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of abdominal liposuction on sonographically guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation.

Methods

A total of 10 women with uterine fibroids or adenomyosis who had received abdominal liposuction were analyzed after sonographically guided HIFU ablation. Of the 10 women, 6 had a diagnosis of uterine fibroids, and 4 had a diagnosis of uterine adenomyosis. All of them had a history of a horizontal‐margin split‐cesarean delivery. In addition, 26 women with a history of a single horizontal‐margin split‐cesarean delivery who had a diagnosis of uterine fibroids or adenomyosis but had not received liposuction were analyzed together as a control group.

Results

Of the 10 women, 1 woman with uterine fibroids developed local skin erythema after treatment; 1 women with uterine adenomyosis developed a skin burn after treatment; and the remaining women had obvious skin‐burning pain during treatment. All women who had not received liposuction finished the treatment with no serious adverse events during or after treatment. The pain scores and incidence of skin‐burning pain were significantly higher in the liposuction group than the control group (P= .021 and .038, respectively).

Conclusions

Abdominal liposuction may increase the risk of skin burns during sonographically guided HIFU ablation.
Role of Sonography in the Differentiation of Benign, High‐Risk, and Malignant Papillary Lesions of the Breast
Authors: Kuzmiak Cherie M. , Lewis Mary Q. , Zeng Donglin , Liu Xiaoxi
Published: August 2014

Objectives

The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the sonographic features of benign, high‐risk, and malignant papillary lesions of the breast.

Methods

We conducted a search of our institution's breast biopsy database for all papillary lesions with sonographic findings and final surgical pathologic diagnoses from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2009. We retrospectively reviewed the breast sonographic findings of 23 benign papillomas, 14 papillomas with associated atypical ductal hyperplasia, and 14 papillary carcinomas, all surgically proven. These 51 lesions in 50 patients comprised our data set. The imaging reports, pathologic records, and surgical records of these patients were reviewed, and statistical analysis was performed.

Results

The findings for 50 patients (age range, 26–92 years; mean, 55.2 years) with 51 lesions were reviewed. One patient had bilateral breast cancer. Size and margin features showed statistically significant differences (P < .05) between the lesions. Twelve (47.9%) benign papillomas, 10 (71.4%) high‐risk lesions, and 13 (92.9%) malignant lesions were larger than 1 cm. Sixteen (69.6%) benign papillomas, 10 (71.4%) high‐risk lesions, and only 4 (28.6%) malignant lesions had circumscribed margins. With regard to echo pattern, there was a statistically significant difference between the lesions (P< .01). Twenty (87.0%) benign papillomas, 4 (28.6%) high‐risk lesions, and 10 (71.4%) malignant lesions were hypoechoic. Posterior sonographic features were also statistically significant (P < .05), with malignant and high‐risk lesions being associated with posterior enhancement or shadowing. Another statistically significant difference (P < .01) was intralesional vascularity, which was seen more frequently with malignant lesions. Regardless of lesion type, the distance from the nipple, shape, orientation, surrounding tissue change, and associated calcifications were not significant.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that sonographic features that may potentially assist in differentiating papillary lesions include size, margin, echo pattern, posterior features, and intralesional vascularity.
Early Second‐Trimester Sonography to Improve the Fetal Anatomic Survey in Obese Patients
Authors: Gupta Simi , Timor-Tritsch Ilan E. , Oh Cheongeun , Chervenak Judith , Monteagudo Ana
Published: August 2014

Objectives

Fetal anatomic surveys are difficult to perform on obese patients. However, there are limited data available on methods to improve the rate of complete anatomy scans in these patients. The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of an early second‐trimester fetal anatomy scan improves the rate of complete anatomy scans in obese patients.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study of 100 obese patients at a city hospital who were scheduled for a fetal anatomy scan using transvaginal and transabdominal sonography at 14 to 16 weeks (early anatomy scan) and an anatomy scan at 18 to 22 weeks (“routine” anatomy scan). Inclusion criteria were a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or higher, singleton pregnancy, and presentation for prenatal care before 16 weeks. Data for the routine anatomy scan alone versus a combination of early and routine anatomy scans was calculated by the McNemar χ2 test for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test for continuous variables.

Results

The addition of the early anatomy scan significantly increased the rate of complete anatomy scans from 42% to 51% (P < .01). It also significantly improved visualization of the head, thorax, and abdomen and significantly increased the mean number of items seen (P < .05).

Conclusions

The addition of an early second‐trimester fetal anatomy scan to a routine anatomy scan performed later in the second trimester significantly improves the rate of complete anatomy scans in obese patients.
Impact of New Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Early First‐Trimester Diagnostic Criteria for Nonviable Pregnancy
Authors: Hu Maowen , Poder Liina , Filly Roy A.
Published: August 2014

Objectives

New early first‐trimester diagnostic criteria for nonviable pregnancy recommended by the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound via a multispecialty consensus panel extended the diagnostic size criteria of crown‐rump length from 5 to 7 mm for embryos without a heartbeat and mean sac diameter from 16 to 25 mm for “empty” sacs. Our study assessed the potential impact of the new criteria on the number of additional follow‐up sonograms these changes would engender.

Methods

A retrospective study of all first‐trimester sonograms in women with first trimester bleeding from 1999 to 2008 was conducted. Everyone included in the study had a visible gestational sac in the uterus. There were no pregnancies of unknown location or ectopic pregnancies included in this study cohort. Pregnancy of unknown location was used to describe cases in which there were no signs of pregnancy inside or outside the uterus on transvaginal sonography despite a positive pregnancy test result. A total of 1013 patients met the inclusion criteria.

Results

Seven hundred fifty‐two patients (74%) had identifiable embryos, and 261 (26%) did not. Of those with an identifiable embryo, 286 (38%) had no detectable embryonic cardiac activity. The breakdown of crown‐rump lengths in this group was as follows: 100 measuring less than 5 mm, 36 measuring 5 to 7 mm, and 150 measuring 7 mm or greater. The breakdown of mean sac diameters in those without a visible embryo was as follows: 120 measuring less than 16 mm, 90 measuring 16 to 25 mm, and 51 measuring 25 mm or greater.

Conclusions

When diagnosing a failed pregnancy, there can be no room for error. Only 126 of 1013 early pregnancies threatening to abort (12%) fell into the more conservative zones defined by the new compared to the former size criteria (crown‐rump length, 5–7 mm; mean sac diameter, 16–25 mm). Therefore, the potential impact of the new guidelines on follow‐up sonograms does not appear inordinate.
Value of Short‐Interval Computed Tomography When Sonography Fails to Visualize the Appendix and Shows Otherwise Normal Findings
Authors: Shah Bhavya R. , Stewart Jessica , Jeffery R. Brooke , Olcott Eric W.
Published: August 2014

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the type and incidence of disorders revealed by short‐interval computed tomography (CT) in patients with suspected appendicitis after graded compression sonography fails to reveal the appendix and shows otherwise normal findings.

Methods

Computed tomographic findings and clinical courses were assessed retrospectively for 318 patients identified consecutively in a searchable database who met inclusion criteria specifying that sonography was the initial imaging examination for suspected appendicitis; sonography revealed nonvisualization of the appendix and otherwise normal results; and abdominopelvic CT was performed within 48 hours after sonography.

Results

Of the 318 patients, short‐interval CT revealed normal findings in 250 (78.6%). Appendicitis was revealed in 52 (16.4%) others, of whom 7 had perforation and all of whom had pathologic results confirming these CT findings. Important alternative diagnoses other than appendicitis were revealed in 16 (5.0%) others, including 2 (0.6%) who required urgent surgery and 14 (4.4%) who did not. No significant differences were observed between adult patients (>18 years) and pediatric patients.

Conclusions

Most short‐interval CT scans in this clinical setting reveal normal findings, and relatively few disclose appendicitis or disorders that require urgent surgery. In view of concerns regarding radiation exposure associated with CT, these observations argue for the development of clinical triage methods that differentiate patients who are likely to benefit from short‐interval postsonography CT from those who are not.
Fallopian Tube Torsion in the Pediatric Age Group
Authors: Narayanan Srikala , Bandarkar Anjum , Bulas Dorothy I.
Published: August 2014

Fallopian tube torsion is a rare but important cause of acute pelvic pain in young adolescent girls. It is a surgical emergency treated with either detorsion or salpingectomy. The imaging findings can be nonspecific and challenging. However, an accurate early diagnosis is essential for prompt surgical treatment. Our objective was to review whether imaging findings can be specific enough to suggest the diagnosis of tubal torsion prospectively in the appropriate clinical setting. An Institutional Review Board–approved retrospective review of our imaging database from 2005 to 2012 revealed 10 surgically proven cases of fallopian tube torsion. All cases had sonography performed; 5 cases had additional multidetector computed tomography. All 10 patients (9–17 years) presented with acute pelvic pain. Sonographic findings included dilated tubular structures in 6 of 10 cases: adjacent to a normal ipsilateral ovary in 5 of 6 and adjacent to a benign ovarian teratoma in 1. In 4 cases, no dilated tube was identified; 3 of 4 had a cystic mass separate from the ovaries, and 1 had the imaging appearance of a multicystic ovary. Computed tomographic findings in the 5 cases that underwent multidetector computed tomography included a dilated tubular structure in 3 of 5; 2 of 5 had a cystic adnexal mass identified. Although rare, tubal torsion should be considered in female adolescents with acute pelvic pain. Sonography should be the first imaging choice. When a tubular structure or a midline cystic mass associated with a normal ipsilateral ovary is noted, tubal torsion should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Enthesopathy of the Lateral Cord of the Plantar Fascia
Authors: Hoffman Douglas F. , Nazarian Levon N. , Smith Jay
Published: August 2014

The objective of this study was to raise awareness of the diagnosis of enthesopathy of the lateral cord of the plantar fascia (LCPF) and describe its sonographic findings. We conducted a retrospective case series of 13 sonographic examinations with the diagnosis of LCPF enthesopathy. Two cadaver dissections of the plantar foot were performed for anatomic correlation. Sonographic findings of LCPF enthesopathy included generalized or focal hypoechoic thickening, loss of the normal fibrillar echo texture, cortical irregularity of the fifth metatarsal tuberosity, and vascularity on color Doppler imaging. Anatomic dissections of the plantar foot detailed the course of the LCPF and served as a guide for optimal sonographic imaging. Enthesopathy of the LCPF is an important etiology of nontraumatic pain at the base of the fifth metatarsal. Sonographic evaluation can readily show the characteristic findings of LCPF enthesopathy.