bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Archéologie: du passe au présent, dês paysages au territoire
Authors: Vialou Agueda Vilhena , Vialou Denis
Published: July 2020

As escavações efetuadas em diversos abrigos do Mato Grosso evidenciaram povoamentos datados do final do Pleistoceno e do Holoceno. Nessa região onde nascem as bacias hidrográficas do Amazonas e do Paraguai-Paraná, paisagens rochosas espetaculares, a Cidade de Pedra e a Serra das Araras, tornaram-se territórios de populações ancestrais. Suas implantações e exploração dos recursos minerais, hídricos e biológicos as caracterizam. No entanto, suas mais fortes identidades vêm das representações rupestres que foram aí criadas ao longo de vários milenares. Previamente, nossa escavação do acampamento de Brito, sítio a céu aberto na bacia do Paranapanema (oeste do estado de São Paulo), havia mostrado a importância primordial dos materiais líticos para as relações econômicas.
A história da Bahia antes da colonização portuguesa
Authors: Etchevarne Carlos
Published: July 2020

As pesquisas arqueológicas realizadas na Bahia ao longo de décadas permitem traçar hoje um panorama sobre os grupos pré-coloniais que ocuparam o território. Agrupados arqueologicamente em macro categorias sociais a partir de certos artefatos diacríticos, formam horizontes que se iniciam com as sociedades de caçadores coletores e chegam até os cultivadores, construtores de grandes aldeias. Não obstante da identificação desses universos, eles não devem ser considerados homogêneos e cabe afirmar a existência de enclaves territoriais com formas de agrupamentos sociais pouco definidos pela Arqueologia. Nesse artigo são apresentados os resultados conseguidos na Bahia, seguindo essa linha de pensamento.
Boto & Cia e O feiticeiro: Xavier Marques e suas narrativas sobre o Candomblé na Bahia (1890-1920)
Authors: Oliveira Marcelo Souza , Da Rocha Rafael Rosa
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo demonstramos como nos fins do século XIX a negação da herança africana no processo de formação do povo brasileiro estava patente e podia ser lida em um dos romances de Francisco Xavier Ferreira Marques, Boto & Cia. Este romance foi reescrito e publicado nos anos 1920 de modo que, ao reescrevê-lo e reinventá-lo com o título de O feiticeiro¸ Marques nos mostra o quanto as elites republicanas desejavam, de maneira cada vez mais intensa, negar e até mesmo eliminar a cultura afro-brasileira e mesmo a cor negra. A ênfase recai sobre como a literatura foi utilizada para descrever o ideal de nação que era eurocêntrico, cujo mote era a ideia de retornar à origem do colonizador ibérico.
INTERACTIONAL RESISTANCE DURING BLACK LIVES MATTER PROTESTS: THE POLITICAL STAKES OF REBELLING AGAINST THE PUBLIC ORDER*
Authors: Haimson Chloe
Published: July 2020

Drawing from ethnographic research, this study examines how interactions between protesters and police unfold at Black Lives Matter demonstrations in two cities with distinct policing regimes. From an analysis of contentious moments during these local movement protests, I argue that protesters in both cities consciously resist the terms of engagement set by police in an effort to demonstrate their overarching opposition to police violence and racism, and to illustrate that communities can police themselves while also seeking to avoid arrest or police violence. I call this protesters’ “interactional resistance” This type of resistance is predicated on protesters pushing the boundaries of the rules of engagement with the police while using their structural knowledge of the situation and likely police responses. Interactional resistance bolsters claims by local Black Lives Matters protest movements that communities can be self-policing. In contrast with prior research on policing of protests, a focus on interactional resistance emphasizes the actions and decisions of protesters, not just the police. It also shows how protesters manage to enact resistance even when they are trying to avoid arrest. Further, I also show that police responses to the same level of transgression vary depending on the local police-control norms practiced in a specific place. Overall, these microinteractions both point to and shape the structures of repression.
THE CHANGING PRACTICE OF RIOTING: REVISITING REPERTOIRE TRANSITIONS IN BRITAIN, 1800–1939*
Authors: Tiratelli Matteo
Published: July 2020

This article uses a systematic catalogue of 414 riots in Liverpool, Glasgow, and Manchester to examine the changing practice of rioting from 1800 to 1939. Three empirical findings emerge: first, over this period, riots went from being an autonomous tactic to one which was largely subordinated to other protest logics; second, the way rioters chose their targets changed: instead of targeting individuals with whom rioters had concrete relationships, they started targeting people as tokens of some wider type; third, throughout this period rioting remained a localized practice that reflected local traditions and dynamics. On the basis of these findings, I revisit the orthodox history of social movements and suggest we refine this narrative to explicitly acknowledge continuity in the repertoire of contention, regional variation, the uneven reach of the state, and to properly distinguish between individual practices like demonstrations, composite forms like social movements, and the repertoire as a whole.
THE SUPREME COURT AS AN ARENA FOR ACTIVISM: FEMINIST CAUSE LAWYERING’S INFLUENCE ON JUDICIAL DECISION MAKING*
Authors: McCammon Holly J. , Moon Minyoung , Hearne Brittany N. , Robinson Megan
Published: July 2020

Beginning in the 1960s, U.S. feminist movement litigators organized public-interest legal organizations to promote women’s rights through legal mobilization in the courts. We investigate all U.S. Supreme Court decisions involving gender equality from 1965 to 2016 to discern the impact of involvement of these feminist movement litigation groups as legal counsel. Our findings show that organized feminist cause lawyers increase the likelihood of decisions expanding women’s legal rights and/or promoting gender equality. Our results also indicate that broader legal and political opportunities combine with legal-activist efforts to produce these judicial outcomes. However, when the Supreme Court is highly conservative regarding abortion rights, feminist cause lawyers face difficulty winning cases. Our research suggests the importance for movement scholars of considering activist litigation, and our findings indicate that a theory of the joint effects of activist legal mobilization and broader legal/political opportunities can explain the judicial outcomes movement actors seek.
Análisis jurídico en el registro de marcas genéricas concedidas a un mismo solicitante en Colombia
Authors: Vinasco Marín Juan David
Published: July 2020

The Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio (SIC in spanish) as the entity that verifies trademarks registration, must check when the registration of a trademark may lack distinctiveness and has a generic nature. This article will follow the analysis and procedures that have been settled through jurisprudentiall by the SIC, asking the question: What is it? However, analyzing the Resolutions which give or reject generic brands to the same person, the following questions arise: The SIC made the analysis necessary to reach the expected conclusion? Interpreted the rule according to the precedent of the legal tools for consultation?
El impacto de borrar la memoria y reciclar la cultura del odio en los derechos fundamentales
Authors: Pontes Filho
Published: July 2020

This article seeks to discuss the process of erasing memory in the context of the culture of hatred, the ideology of the enemy and political obscurantism, raising hypotheses about the possible harmful impacts on fundamental rights.
Capuchinos catalanes y colonización del Putumayo: Puerto Asís, Alvernia y Sucre (1905-1930)
Authors: Arteaga  Montes Giovany  Paolo
Published: July 2020

A principios del siglo XX el Estado colombiano y la Iglesia católica, decidieron implementar la estrategia de colonización en el Putumayo, a partir de la creación e imposición de un régimen de verdad, que se cimentó en la racialización, purificación, ocupación y propiedad, con el fin de lograr el asentamiento de migrantes nacionales y extranjeros, que coadyuvaran en la ampliación de la frontera de la civilización cristiana, la modernidad y la defensa de la soberanía. Bajo estas premisas, la Misión fundó 15 poblados en el Putumayo, durante la vigencia de la Prefectura Apostólica del Caquetá entre 1905 y 1930. Es así como a partir del análisis de los Informes de Misión publicados durante 1911 y 1926, incluidos algunos números de la Revista de Misiones que circuló entre 1925 y 1930, abordaré la historia de tres bastiones de los capuchinos catalanes: Puerto Asís (1912), Alvernia (1915) y Sucre (1916).
El rol de las municipalidades y feligresías en el sostenimiento del culto. Campaña de Buenos Aires (1854-1875)
Authors: Bilbao Lucas  Matías
Published: July 2020

Este artículo aborda el papel que tuvieron las municipalidades y las feligresías rurales en el sostenimiento del clero, el culto y la pastoral, en los curatos del sur de la campaña bonaerense. La aparición de las municipalidades, en el extenso escenario rural de Buenos Aires (1854), resultó central para la administración gubernamental, pero también para la expansión territorial y consolidación de la Iglesia diocesana. El estudio se concentra principalmente en las reglamentaciones oficiales que establecieron las relaciones entre las municipalidades y las parroquias y en las prácticas que sustentaron el culto y la religión en estos espacios locales. Se busca realizar un aporte al estudio de los procesos de centralización eclesiástica en el siglo XIX.
La correspondencia crítica de la enfermedad mortal con el suicidio en el pensamiento de Kierkegaard
Authors: Martínez Gómez Magdiel
Published: July 2020

Resumen: en un primer momento, el objetivo del artículo es identificar la correspondencia esencial entre el concepto kierkegaardiano de enfermedad mortal con un concepto general de suicidio, que revele especialmente el interés del autor danés por reflexionar la experiencia de la auto-destrucción. En segunda y última instancia, se busca explicar que la crítica del concepto de enfermedad mortal al suicidio, según Kierkegaard, no se concentra en catalogar como débil la evasión del sufrimiento humano, tampoco parte de escatologías experimentales posteriores a la muerte del cuerpo; en realidad, la crítica se desarrolla a partir del problema que supone una “decisión personal” y de una polémica propuesta sobre “auténtico suicidio”
Una exploración hermenéutica filosófica-psicológica del Libro de Job en Carl Gustav Jung
Authors: Matos Contreras José Antonio
Published: July 2020

Resumen: el interés central del trabajo radica en reflexionar sobre el drama divino del libro bíblico de Job teniendo como principal interlocutor a Carl Gustav Jung, en especial el texto Respuesta a Job. En tal sentido, indagaremos sobre la exégesis de Jung del texto bíblico no en cuanto interpretación exclusivamente histórica, sino más bien entendiendo tal libro bíblico como una narración cargada de símbolos cuyo sentido remite a experiencias numinosas. A su vez, la hermenéutica junguiana nos reitera que el símbolo y el mito son cardinales en el destino y en la búsqueda perpetua del sentido de la vida.
Historia y Poder: los(des)usos de Marx en Foucault
Authors: Camelo Perdomo Diego Fernando
Published: July 2020

Resumen: el artículo busca sostener que el uso de la obra de Karl Marx hecho por Michel Foucault obedeció al análisis genealógico a través del cual fue sometida la interpretación hecha por el filósofo alemán en torno a la economía. Sin embargo, aun cuando en el análisis genealógico se utilizaron categorías propuestas por Marx, ello no significó ninguna dependencia de Foucault sobre su obra. Para lograr este objetivo, se comprobará que la historia y el poder fueron dos piezas que se engranaron para hacer posible la comprensión del funcionamiento de la economía. De manera que Foucault demostraría la necesidad de descentralizar al sujeto como constituyente de las relaciones históricas y así aclarar la manera en que el discurso filosófico del marxismo, pretendiendo ser considerado como ciencia, incidió en la emergencia de saberes que permitieron entender los mecanismos de producción y su relación con el sujeto.
Si P entonces Q. Lógica, instanciación y norma: la importancia de la lógica en el razonamiento legal y la práctica judicial
Authors: Güette Hernández David Modesto
Published: July 2020

Resumen: las presentes líneas tienen como propósito justificar la importancia de la lógica en el razonamiento legal y en la práctica judicial, entendida esta última, como aquella en la que se desenvuelven abogados y jueces. Se trata de un artículo de reflexión, además es un avance de la investigación titulada: mínimos argumentales de la decisión judicial, y constituye una propuesta analítica, que parte de un problema contemporáneo, referido a la lógica y su utilidad práctica. La propuesta va más allá del mero ejercicio filosófico y se dirige a abogados litigantes para mostrarles cómo la lógica incide en la elaboración de formas procesales como la demanda.
BASES, CONCEITOS E NOÇÕES ACERCA DO METABOLISMO ECONÔMICO-SOCIAL-ECOLÓGICO
Authors: Barcelos Tiago Soares , Camargo Pedro Luiz Teixeira , Mota Loyslene Freitas
Published: July 2020

Trabalhos epistemológicos preocupados em melhor definir os rumos do metabolismo econômico-social-ecológico são poucos, sendo assim, propôs-se neste artigo discutir algumas das principais definições acerca dessa temática; incluindo-se aí: as suas bases, os seus conceitos, os recursos de fluxo de estoques, e ainda os recursos de fundo de serviços. Cabe destacar que a metodologia empregada neste trabalho foi a revisão bibliográfica, com levantamento historiográfico das mais importantes diferenças e definições sobre o tema. Como resultado, podemos dizer que foi percebido ao longo desse artigo como as bases do pensamento da economia ecológica são céticos aos modelos hegemônicos majoritários. Assim, é possível concluir que o crescimento se apresenta como embuste social, pois desconsidera o primado da biologia e da física.  Portanto, o crescimento infinito proposto pelos economistas convencionais é simplesmente utópico, não existindo essa possibilidade. Economia Ecológica; Metabolismo Social; Fluxo Circular da Renda; Desenvolvimento; Fluxo Entrópico.
Seda en episiotomías y desgarros. Perineorrafia modificada
Authors: Zabaleta Lombana Alberto , Milanés P. Jorge
Published: July 2020

Presentamos 466 casos de episiotomías medianas, algunas medio laterales y desgarros de la región perineal en pacientes obstétricas. Fueron reparados con seda blanca mercerizada número 80, mediante una modificación de la técnica utilizada comunmente, así: puntos sencillos separados; dejando sin suturar la mucosa vaginal y la piel del periné, cuyos bordes son simplemente adosados por los puntos profundos.Asistieron a uno, dos y tres controles, cada 8-30 y 60 días, 251 (53.8%) pacientes. Sus resultados altamente favorables al procedimiento son consignados en 6 cuadros parciales y 1 general; dando un porcentaje final de 85.2(214 pacientes) para los casos excelentes y buenos.De estas 466 pacientes regresaron para un nuevo parto, uno o dos años más tarde, 40 señoras cuyos detalles son anotados en los cuadros 8, 9 y 10. En este trabajo intervinieron los autores del mismo, los internos de la unidad obstétrica y alumnos del sexto año de medicina.
Leyenda de cómo nacen los Niños Bari
Authors: Landínez Salamanca Alfredo
Published: July 2020

En tiempos antiguos, cuando llegaban estos dolores, las mujeres Barí eran punzadas, y después rasgadas, y abiertas el vientre, para que su marido, tirando y sacando, tirando y sacando, y volviendo a tirar y sacar lograra traer a la vida a su hijo. Era así como sacaban a sus hijos, exactamente como hacen con las monas chi!lonas cuando Ias halIan preñadas.
Superpoblación y elevada densidad social. (Presión de la población en Colombia)
Authors: Mendoza Hoyos Hernán
Published: July 2020

Plantear el problema de la población en términos de densidad geogrófica  implica precisamente desconocer los más elementales principios de la geografia humana. Evidentemente, el hombre no es un simple contenido, ni las demarcaciones fronterizas por sí solas pueden hacer del continente físico un país.
Shock
Authors: Velasco Chiriboga Alvaro
Published: July 2020

Se aplica este nombre a la insuficiencia circulatoria aguda de origen variado que se presenta al médico con una serie de signos clínicos tales como hipotensión, hipotermia, palidez, oliguria etc.
Flasog. Convocatoria y Agenda de la Quinta Asamblea General
Authors: De Obstetricia y Ginecología Federación Colombiana
Published: July 2020

Convocatoria y agenda de la quinta asamblea generalMemoria e informe de la secretaria permanente 1962-1966
Sección de Información
Authors: De Obstetricia y Ginecología Federación Colombiana
Published: July 2020

Acta de la sesión ordinaria de la sociedad colombiana de obstetricia y ginecología correspondiente al día miércoles 24 de agosto de 1966.
La vida en un fragmento de bosque en las rocas : una muestra de la diversidad andina en Bolívar, Santander.
Authors: Gil Novoa Jorge Enrique , Gil Leguizamón Pablo Andrés , Morales Puentes María Eugenia , Cuta Alarcón Lía Esperanza , Camargo Espitia Nohora Alba , Díaz Pérez Carlos Nelson , González Edimer , Medina Barón Wilderson , Pérez Sebastián , Pérez Castillo Nora Elizabeth , Muñoz Avila Javier Andrés , Camacho Rozo Claudia Patricia , Ovalle Pacheco Andrés Leonardo , Castillo Vargas Andrés Felipe , Moreno Mancilla Oscar Felipe , Morales Alba Andrés Felipe , Reyes Camargo John Edison , Villalba Carmona Xiomara , Cómbita Chivatá José Luis , Manrique Valderrama Naisla Tatiana
Published: July 2020

La diversidad biológica que Colombia ostenta, se deriva de la multiplicidad de sus ecosistemas, los cuales son definidos por la topografía y las condiciones climáticas propicias para su establecimiento. De aquí que, los ecosistemas de montaña sean considerados potencial de riqueza biológica; no obstante, los estudios de la flora y la fauna son aún incipientes para el país, y aún más, los trabajos enfocados en este tipo de ambientes, encauzados en la oferta de bienes y servicios ambientales (abastecimiento de cuencas, secuestro de carbono, paisajística y recreación), por lo cual, estas investigaciones requieren de un estricto análisis y manejo, así como de la importancia de soportar la información con una orientación histórica y transformación del uso del suelo. A partir de lo anterior, y con un enfoque investigativo, además como estrategia de compensación, Ecopetrol S. A. y la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC), presentan a la comunidad, el libro “La vida en un fragmento de bosque en las rocas: una muestra de la diversidad andina en Bolívar, Santander”, que surge como una propuesta editorial del convenio 5211740 de 2012, entre la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia y Ecopetrol S.A., con algunos resultados relevantes de un proceso de investigación con más de tres años de desarrollo, en el que interactuaron investigadores y se contó con el apoyo de diversas instituciones. El libro contiene nueve capítulos, escritos por 19 investigadores, dentro de los cuales se encuentran científicos con amplia trayectoria y reconocimiento, estudiantes de pregrado y maestría, y un habitante de la zona, que desde el inicio del proyecto mostró su interés en el aprendizaje e hizo valiosos aportes a toda la investigación. Esperamos que esta producción se convierta en un soporte divulgativo para el conocimiento de la diversidad de flora y fauna presente en este bosque, y que, de esta manera, se promueva la investigación y la protección de los fragmentos de bosque que aún sobreviven en la región santandereana conocida otrora como Carare – Opón.
Revelando tesoros escondidos : flora y fauna flanco oriental de la Serranía de Los Yariguíes.
Authors: Caro Melgarejo Diana Patricia , Morales Puentes María Eugenia , Gil Novoa Jorge Enrique , Cuta Alarcón Lía Esperanza , Lozano Jácome Lina Marcela , Escobar Alba Magda Rocío , Castro Martínez Astrid Lorena , Gil Leguizamón Pablo Andrés , Villarreal Rueda Oscar Armando , Moreno Mancilla Oscar Felipe , Morales Alba Andrés Felipe , Reyes Camargo John Edison , Cómbita Chivatá José Luis , Tocora Alonso María Camila , Meneses Gaviria Andrés David , Muñoz Avila Javier Andrés , Medina Wilderson , Ovalle Pacheco Andrés Leonardo , Trujillo Fernando , Peñuela Díaz Gerson
Published: July 2020

Colombia es considerado uno de los países con mayor diversidad de flora y fauna, solo superado por la megadiversidad de Brasil, y parte de esta riqueza se concentra en áreas protegidas, como el Sistema de Parques Nacionales, las Áreas Protegidas Regionales y las Reservas Naturales de la Sociedad Civil. Dentro de los primeros, uno de los más representativos es el Parque Nacional Natural Serranía de Los Yariguíes, ubicado en el sur occidente del departamento de Santander, en el cual se han llevado algunos estudios con el objeto de conocer su diversidad biológica, especialmente en los municipios de San Vicente de Chucurí y El Carmen de Chucurí, en el flanco occidental del parque; sin embargo, por el flanco oriental escasean estas iniciativas. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, como estrategia de compensación y utilizando la investigación como herramienta para la preservación, Ecopetrol S. A. y la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC), presentan a la comunidad, el libro “Revelando tesoros escondidos: flora y fauna flanco oriental de La Serranía de Los Yariguíes” que surge como una propuesta editorial del convenio 5211740 de 2012, entre la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia y ECOPETROL S.A., a través del proyecto 3, Restauración ecológica de 16,18 ha en el Parque Nacional Natural Serranía de Los Yariguíes (Santander), con algunos de los resultados más relevantes del proceso de caracterización de flora y fauna de la región. El libro está conformado por 6 capítulos, escritos por 19 investigadores expertos en cada una de las temáticas, quienes han dedicado sus esfuerzos, tiempo y conocimientos en esta idea, con el objetivo de lograr el conocimiento sobre la flora y la fauna de esta región del país. Este es el resultado de un arduo esfuerzo de más de cuatro años de trabajo entre investigadores y trabajo con la comunidad, que nació como una idea de investigación en restauración ecológica, pero el primer paso es conocer la diversidad biológica. Por tanto, se espera que el presente libro se convierta en un soporte divulgativo para el conocimiento de la diversidad de flora y fauna, del flanco oriental de la Serranía de Los Yariguíes, y que como su nombre lo dice, revele parte de todos los tesoros escondidos que existen en esta hermosa región del departamento de Santander.
Membangun Peradaban Sufistik melalui Hermeneutika Schleiermacher pada Ekspresi-Ekspresi Sejarah Perjuangan Imam Husain
Authors: Rahman Fadhlu , Darmawan Dicky
Published: July 2020

The modern western perspective initiated by the renaissance and the enlightenment century successfully couped the reality of God. This was carried out by some western intellectuals and thinkers, which ultimately gave obscurity to the human concept. The obscurity of this concept then has implications for the meaning of the progress of human civilization. This further gives serious problems to almost the entire social order.   Husain's struggle as the eternal history of humanity interpreted through Hermeneutics Scheleiermacher provides another perspective on human concepts and the progress of civilization. The monotheistic values they contain glance at the sides of spirituality as a measure of the progress of civilization. From it the definition of civilization gained new space and paved the way for human potentials that were inherently the cornerstone of the progress of civilization. This paper tries to uncover the values of Imam Husain's struggle in Karbala which is interpreted through Schleiermacher's psychological and grammatical interpretation and contextualizes it with the concept of Coomaraswamy spiritual civilization, as a foundation for the meaning of civilization using historical and descriptive analysis methods. So that the paradigm of the progress of civilization gets an alternative new perspective, and spirituality can be used as a measure of the progress of civilization.
Pemicu Kerenggangan Sosial antara Jamaah Tarekat Syahadatain dengan Nahdliyin di Demak Jawa Tengah
Authors: Rosyid Moh
Published: July 2020

This article was written to describe the trigger factors of social estrangement between the followers of the ayahadatian dan nahdliyin in Banteng Mati Village, Mijen District, Demak Regency, Central Java. The writer uses interviews and observations with a qualitative descriptive approach to get the description of the trigger factors of social estrangement between those comunities. Asy-Syahadatain was founded in the early of 19th century by Sayyed Umar bin Ismail. Its arrived in Banteng Mati, when the village was headed by H. Yasin in 1947, as a member. The social estrangement happen as a result of each group who feels right with thir opinion the others aren’t right, the tarekat syahadatain is not muktabarah because the missing link of murshids sanad is only from the Prophet SAW directly to Syarif Hidayatullah (Sunan Gunung Djati) and Habib Umar (declarator), some practice of worship is different in daily prayers from nahdliyin, syahadatain tawasul early in the morning outloud from the mosque their fanaticism towards the Murshid Syahadatain Syahadatain believing to observe Islam kaffah because the Tarekat Syahadatain sworn in oath of the Prophet SAW.
Pemanfaatan Arang Aktif dalam Pengendalian Residu Pestisida di Tanah: Prospek dan Masalahnya
Authors: Ardiwinata Asep Nugraha
Published: July 2020

Abstrak. Penggunaan pestisida di Indonesia telah dimulai sejak tahun 1965, jenis pestisida yang banyak digunakan adalah jenis organoklorin, antara lain Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane (DDT) dan lindan. Saat ini pestisida yang umum digunakan adalah jenis organofosfat, karbamat dan piretroid. Dari jenis-jenis pestisida tersebut, yang paling toksik dan persisten adalah jenis organoklorin. Dampak dari penggunaan pestisida adalah dapat tertinggalnya pestisida tersebut di dalam tanah bahkan di dalam produk pertanian dalam jangka waktu tertentu (residu pestisida), sehingga berpotensi membahayakan lingkungan dan manusia karena bersifat toksik. Dampak negatif residu pestisida di dalam tanah adalah terbunuhnya biota-biota penting di dalam tanah seperti cacing tanah. Bila residu pestisida di tanah tersebut terbawa air dan masuk ke sungai, maka biota air atau ikan-ikan yang ada terancam mati. Bilamana residu pestisida di tanah tersebut diserap ke dalam produk pertanian, maka manusia sebagai konsumen produk tersebut ditengarai akan terstimulus kanker hingga EDs (terganggunya hormon endokrin). Beberapa peneliti telah melakukan penelitian untuk mengatasi masalah residu di tanah dengan memanfaatkan limbah pertanian seperti tempurung kelapa, bonggol jagung dan sekam padi sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan arang aktif. Arang aktif ini diketahui memiliki kemampuan daya serap yang tinggi terhadap pencemar residu pestisida dan disenangi oleh mikroba pendegradasi sebagai tempat tinggal dan berkembang biak.
Public trust and Global Biobank Networks
Authors: Dive Lisa , Critchley Christine , Otlowski Margaret , Mason Paul , Wiersma Miriam , Light Edwina , Stewart Cameron , Kerridge Ian , Lipworth Wendy
Published: July 2020

Background: Biobanks provide an important foundation for genomic and personalised medicine. In order to enhance their scientific power and scope, they are increasingly becoming part of national or international networks. Public trust is essential in fostering public engagement, encouraging donation to, and facilitating public funding for biobanks. Globalisation and networking of biobanking may challenge this trust. Methods: We report the results of an Australian study examining public attitudes to the networking and globalisation of biobanks. The study used quantitative and qualitative methods in conjunction with bioethical analysis in order to determine factors that may contribute to, and threaten, trust.Results: Our results indicate a generally high level of trust in biobanks and in medical research more broadly. Key factors that can reduce perceived trustworthiness of biobanks are commercialisation and involvement in global networking. Conclusions: We conclude that robust ethical oversight and governance standards can both promote trust in global biobanking and ensure that this trust is warranted.
De novo assembly and transcriptome characterization of an endemic species of Vietnam, Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv., including the development of EST-SSR markers for population genetics
Authors: Vu Duy Dinh , Shah Syed Noor Muhammad , Pham Mai Phuong , Bui Van Thang , Nguyen Minh Tam , Nguyen Thi Phuong Trang
Published: July 2020

Background: Understanding the genetic diversity in endangered species that occur in forest remnants is necessary to establish efficient strategies for the species conservation, restoration and management. Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. is medicinally important, endemic and endangered species of Vietnam. However, genetic diversity and structure of population are unknown due to lack of efficient molecular markers. Results: In this study, we employed Illumina HiSeqTM 4000 sequencing to analyze the transcriptomes of P. vietnamensis (roots, leaves and stems). Raw reads total of 23,741,783 was obtained and then assembled, from which the generated unigenes were 89,271 (average length = 598.3191 nt). The 31,686 unigenes were annotated in different databases i.e. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Nucleotide Collection (NR/NT) and Swiss-Prot for functional annotation. Further, 11,343 EST-SSRs were detected. From 7,774 primer pairs, 101 were selected for polymorphism validation, in which; 20 primer pairs were successfully amplified to DNA fragments and significant amounts of polymorphism was observed within population. The nine polymorphic microsatellite loci were used for population structure and diversity analyses. The obtained results revealed high levels of genetic diversity in populations, the average observed and expected heterozygosity were HO = 0.422 and HE = 0.479, respectively. During the Bottleneck analysis using TPM and SMM models (p < 0.01) shows that targeted population is significantly heterozygote deficient. This suggests sign of the bottleneck in all populations. Genetic differentiation between populations was moderate (FST = 0.133) and indicating slightly high level of gene flow (Nm = 1.63). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed 63.17% of variation within individuals and 12.45% among populations. Our results shows two genetic clusters related to geographical distances. Conclusion: Our study will assist conservators in future conservation management, breeding, production and habitats restoration of the species.
Reliability of Tibiofemoral Contact Area and Centroid Location in an Upright, Open MRI (UO-MRI)
Authors: Schmidt Andrew , Stockton David J. , Hunt Michael A. , Yung Andrew , Masri Bassam A. , Wilson David R.
Published: July 2020

Background: Biomechanical studies are often performed using conventional closed-bore MR, which has necessitated simulating weightbearing load on the joint. The clinical applicability of these biomechanical findings is unclear because of the limitations of simulating weightbearing. Upright, open MRI (UO-MRI) can be used to assess knee joint mechanics, in particular contact area and centroid location. However, it is not clear how reliably measurements of contact area and centroid location can be made in upright weightbearing postures. Methods: Manual segmentation of cartilage regions in contact was performed and centroids of those contact areas were automatically determined for the medial (MC) and lateral (LC) tibiofemoral compartments. To assess reliability, inter-rater, test-retest, and intra-rater reliability were determined by intra-class correlation (ICC 3,1 ), standard error of measurement (SEM), smallest detectable change with 95% confidence (SDC 95 ). Accuracy was assessed by using a high-resolution, 7T MRI as a reference and determined by measurement error (%). Results: Contact area and centroid location reliability (inter-rater, test-retest, and intra-rater) for sagittal scans in the MC demonstrated ICC 3,1 values from 0.95-0.99 and 0.98-0.99 respectively, and in the LC from 0.83-0.91 and 0.95-1.00 respectively. The smallest detectable change in contact area was 1.28% in the MC and 0.95% in the LC. Contact area and centroid location reliability for coronal scans in the MC demonstrated ICC 3,1 values from 0.90-0.98 and 0.98-1.00 respectively, and in the LC from 0.76-0.94 and 0.93-1.00 respectively. The smallest detectable change in contact area was 0.65% in the MC and 1.41% in the LC. Contact area segmentation was accurate to within 4.81% measurement error. Conclusions: Knee contact area and contact centroid location can be assessed in upright weightbearing MRI with good to excellent reliability and accuracy within 5%. The lower field strength used in upright, weightbearing MRI does not compromise the reliability of tibiofemoral contact area and centroid location measures.
Liver fibrosis assessments using FibroScan, Virtual-Touch tissue quantification, the FIB-4 index, and Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer levels compared with pathological findings of liver resection specimens in patients with hepatitis C infection
Authors: Ueda Naoyuki , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Imamura Michio , Aikata Hiroshi , Nakahara Takashi , Murakami Eisuke , Tsuge Masataka , Hiramatsu Akira , HAYES C.NELSON , Yokozaki Michiya , Chayama Kazuaki
Published: July 2020

Background and purpose: Viral infection promotes fibrosis through repeated regeneration of hepatocytes. Evaluation of fibrosis stage is important to monitor progression of liver disease and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While liver biopsy is the gold standard, the method is invasive and faces several limitations. The aim of this study was to determine correlations among METAVIR scores and FibroScan, Virtual-Touch tissue quantification (VTQ), fibrosis index based on four factors (FIB-4 index), and Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) level in order to examine differences in the reliability of non-invasive methods to evaluate fibrosis.Methods: We used liver resection specimens from patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Correlations were assessed between METAVIR scores and non-invasive method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and cut off values of the methods.Results: Correlations between METAVIR scores and the results of each method were as follows: FibroScan r=0.61 p≤0.001; VTQ r=0.64, p≤0.001; FIB-4 index r=0.40, p≤0.001; and M2BPGi r=0.32, p=0.01. In comparing ROC curves, there were significant differences between FibroScan and FIB-4 index; FibroScan and M2BPGi in the F0-1vs F2-4 group; VTQ and FIB-4 index; FibroScan and FIB-4 index; FibroScan and M2BPGi in the F0-2 and F3-4 group; VTQ and FIB-4 index; FibroScan and FIB-4 index; FibroScan and M2BPGi; and VTQ and M2BPGi in the F0-3 vs F4 group. Results in the non-sustained viral response (SVR) group were as follows: FibroScan r=0.65, p≤0.001; VTQ r=0.70, p≤0.001; FIB-4 index r=0.44, p≤0.001; and M2BPGi r=0.31, p=0.01, with significant differences with respect to VTQ vs FIB-4 index, FibroScan vs FIB-4 index, FibroScan vs M2BPGi, VTQ vs M2BPGi in the F0-2 vs F3-4 group, VTQ vs FIB-4 index, FibroScan vs FIB-4 index, FibroScan vs M2BPGi, and VTQ vs M2BPGi in the F0-3 vs F4 group.The following correlations were found in the SVR group: FibroScan r=0.58, p≤0.001; VTQ r=0.65, p≤0.001; FIB-4 index r=0.59, p≤0.001; and M2BPGi r=0.54, p≤0.001, with significant differences with respect to FibroScan vs VTQ, FibroScan vs FIB-4 index, FibroScan vs M2BPGi in the F0-1 vs F2-4 group, and FibroScan vs FIB-4 index in the F0-3 vs F4 group.Conclusions: FibroScan and VTQ best reflected the results of hepatic fibrosis diagnosis using liver resection specimens among the four examination methods evaluated.
Shenmai injection alleviates acute lung injury in a severe acute pancreatitis rat model via heme oxygenase-1 upregulation
Authors: Zhang Fei-hu , Hao Hao , Liu Yang , Fan Kai-liang , Dai Wen , Liu Wei-hong , Kong Li
Published: July 2020

Background: To determine the effect of Shenmai injection (SMI) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in rats. Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were grouped into 4 categories: SAP group, sham surgery (SS) group, SAP + SMI group, SAP + SMI + Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) group. Rats in the SAP group were intravenously injected with 1.6 ml/kg saline 30 minutes after induction of SAP models. Rats in the SAP + SMI group were intravenously injected with 1.6 ml/kg SMI, while those in the SAP + SMI + ZnPP group rats were intravenously injected with 1.6 ml/kg SMI and 30 mg/kg ZnPP via intraperitoneal injection. Twenty-four hours after SAP induction, the rats were sacrificed. Excised lung tissues were histologically examined, protein concentration in bronchoalvelar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured and lung wet-to-dry (W/D) weight ratio was calculated. The protein and mRNA levels of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α, heme oxygenase (HO) -1 and interleukin (IL) -10 in blood and tissue samples were measured.Results: SMI treatment attenuated SAP-induced ALI as evidenced by lower scores of lung damage compared with untreated SAP group (p＜0.05). SMI also abolished the SAP-induced rise in BALF and W/D ratio protein concentrations (p＜0.05). Moreover, SMI treatment increased HO-1, IL-10 levels but decreased TNF-α level in serum and tissue samples (p＜0.05). However, inhibition of HO-1 expression by ZnPP led to significant inhibition of all the changes.Conclusions: SMI can alleviate SAP-induced ALI through HO-1 upregulation.
Viewing an alpine environment positively affects emotional analytics in patients with somatoform, depressive and anxiety disorders as well as in healthy controls
Authors: Hüfner Katharina , Ower Cornelia , Kemmler Georg , Vill Theresa , Martini Caroline , Schmitt Andrea , Sperner-Unterweger Barbara
Published: July 2020

Background: Patients with somatoform, depressive or anxiety disorders often don´t respond well to medical treatment and experience many side effects. It is thus of clinical relevance to identify alternative, scientifically based, treatments. Our approach is based on the recent evidence that urbanicity has been shown to be associated with an increased risk for mental disorders. Conversely, green and blue environments show a dose-dependent beneficial impact on mental health. Methods: Here we evaluate the effect of viewing stimuli of individuals in an alpine environment on emotional analytics in 183 patients with psychiatric disorders (mostly somatoform, depressive and anxiety disorders) and 315 healthy controls (HC). Emotional analytics (valence: unhappy vs happy, arousal: calm vs excited, dominance: controlled vs in control) were assessed using the Self-Assessment Manikin. Further parameters related to mental health and physical activity were recorded.Results: Emotional analytics of patients indicated that they feel less happy, less in control and had higher levels of arousal than HC when viewing neutral stimuli. The comparison alpine>neutral stimuli showed a significant a positive effect of alpine stimuli on emotional analytics in both groups. Patients and HC both felt attracted to the scenes displayed in the alpine stimuli. Emotional analytics correlated positively with resilience and inversely with perceived stress.Conclusions: Preventive and therapeutic programs for patients with somatoform, depressive and anxiety disorders should consider taking the benefits of natural outdoor environments such as alpine environments, into account. Organizational barriers which are preventing the implementation of such programs in clinical practice need to be identified and addressed.
Differences in Achilles tendon stiffness in people with gout.
Authors: Otter Simon , Catherine Payne , Anna-Marie Jones , Nick Webborn , Peter Watt
Published: July 2020

Background Gout has been associated with weaker foot/leg muscles and altered gait patterns. There is also evidence of on-going foot pain and an increased risk of tendinopathy, with the Achilles and patellar tendons most frequently affected in gout. Additionally, the inflammation associated with gout may change tissue elasticity. Ultrasound imaging utilising shear wave elastography (SWE) offers a non-invasive method of quantifying changes in tendon stiffness. SWE findings have not previously been reported in individuals with gout. We sought to determine differences in Achilles tendon stiffness in people with gout compared to controls (non-gout). Methods: A cross sectional study comparing 24 people with gout and 26 age/sex-matched controls. Clinical and demographic data were collated, and US imaging used to determine tendon thickness, presence of gouty tophi and/or aggregates and levels of angiogenesis. Ten shear wave elastography (SWE) measures were taken along the centre of a longitudinal section of the mid-portion of each Achilles tendon. Prior to data collection, intra-observer error was good (0.75). Data were summarised using descriptive statistics and a repeated measures ANCOVA was used to compare SWE measures between the two groups for the left and right foot separately after accounting for Body Mass Index (BMI). Results: A small proportion of those with gout presented with intra-tendon aggregates and/or intra-tendon tophi in one or both tendons. There was no statistically significant difference in tendon thickness between groups. Neo-vascularity was present in a third of gout participants. SWE findings demonstrated significantly reduced tendon stiffness in those with gout compared to controls: right Achilles mdiff =1.04m/s (95% CI (0.38 to 1.7) p=0.003 and left Achilles mdiff = 0.7m/s (95% CI 0.09 to 1.32) p=0.025. No relationship between the presence of tophi and SWE values were detected. Conclusion: Subjects with chronic gout show significantly reduced Achilles tendon stiffness compared to non-gout controls. From a clinical standpoint, our findings were similar to SWE measurements in subjects with Achilles tendinopathy and who did not have gout.
Identification of an immune gene signature for predicting the prognosis of patients with uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Cankun , Li Chaomei , Yan Fangli , Zheng Yuhua
Published: July 2020

Background: Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is a frequent gynecological malignancy with a poor prognosis especially when at an advanced stage. In the present study, we explored the potential of an immune-related gene signature to predict overall survival in UCEC patients.Methods: We analyzed expression data of 616 UCEC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and the International Cancer Genome Consortium as well as immune genes from the ImmPort database and identified the signature. We constructed a transcription factor regulatory network based on Cistrome databases and performed functional enrichment and pathway analyses for the differentially expressed immune genes. Moreover, the prognostic value of 410 immune genes was determined using Cox regression analysis then constructed a prognostic model. Finally, we performed immune infiltration analysis using TIMER-generating immune cell content.Results: Results indicated that the immune cell microenvironment as well as the PI3K-Akt, and MARK signaling pathways were involved in UCEC development. The established prognostic model revealed a ten-gene prognosis signature , comprising PDIA3, LTA, PSMC4, TNF, SBDS, HDGF, HTR3E, NR3C1, PGR, and CBLC . This can be used as an independent tool to predict the prognosis of UCEC owing to the observed risk-score. In addition, levels of B cells and neutrophils were significantly correlated with the patient's risk score, and the expression of ten genes is associated with immune cell infiltrates.Conclusions: In summary, we present a 10-gene signature with the potential to predict the prognosis of UCEC. This is expected to guide future development of individualized treatment approaches.
Spatiotemporal characteristics and the epidemiology of tuberculosis from 2004 to 2017 in China by the nationwide surveillance system
Authors: Zuo Zhongbao , Wang Miaochan , Cui Huaizhong , Wang Ying , Wu Jing , Qi Jianjiang , Pan Kenv , Sui Dongming , Liu Pengtao , Xu Aifang
Published: July 2020

Background

The objective was to identify the Spatial-temporal characteristics and the epidemiology of tuberculosis in China from 2004 to 2017 with Joinpoint regression analysis, Seasonal Autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model, geographic cluster, and multivariate time series model.

Methods

The data of TB from January 2004 to December 2017 were obtained from the notifiable infectious disease reporting system supplied by the China CDC. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to observe the trend. The monthly incidence was predicted by the Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed to detect geographic clusters. A multivariate time series model was employed to analyze heterogeneous transmission.

Results

We included 13,991,850 TB cases from 2004 to 2017. The final selected model was the 0 Joinpoint model with an annual average percent change of -3.3. A seasonality was observed across the fourteen years, and the seasonal peaks were in January and March. The best SARIMA model was (0, 1, 1) X (0, 1, 1) 12 , with a minimum AIC (880.5) and SBC (886.4). The predicted value and the original incidence data of 2017 were well matched. The provinces with a high incidence were located in the northwest (Xinjiang, Tibet) and south (Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan) of China. The autoregressive component had a leading role in the incidence of TB which accounted for 81.5% - 84.5% of the patients on average. The endemic component was about twice as large in the western provinces as the average while the spatial-temporal component was less important there. Most of the high incidences areas were mainly affected by the autoregressive component for the past fourteen years.

Conclusion

A significant decreasing trend was seen from 2004 to 2017. The seasonal peaks were in January and March every year. Obvious clusters were identified in Tibet and Xinjiang Province. A spatial heterogeneity in the component driving the transmission of TB was identified from the multivariate time series model. This suggested that targeted preventive efforts should be made in different provinces based on the main component contributing to the epidemics.