bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hillslope characteristics as controls of subsurface flow variability
Authors: Bachmair S. , Weiler M.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. Hillslope hydrological dynamics, particularly subsurface flow (SSF), are highly variable and complex. A profound understanding of factors controlling this variability is needed. Therefore we investigated the relationship between variability of shallow water table dynamics and various hillslope characteristics. We ask whether measurable hillslope properties explain patterns of subsurface flow variability. To approach this question, shallow water table dynamics of three adjacent large-scale hillslopes were monitored with high spatial and temporal resolution over 18 months. The hillslopes are similar in terms of topography and parent material, but different in vegetation cover (grassland, coniferous forest, and mixed forest). We expect vegetation to be an important driver of water table dynamics at our study site, especially given the minor differences in topography. Various hillslope properties were determined in the field and via GIS analysis: common topography descriptors, well depth, soil properties via slug tests, and several vegetation parameters. Response variables characterizing the water table response per well were calculated for different temporal scales (entire time series, seasonal scale, event scale). Partial correlation analysis and a Random Forest machine learning approach were carried out to assess the explainability of SSF variability by measurable hillslope characteristics. We found a complex interplay of predictors, yet soil properties and topography showed the highest single explanatory power. Surprisingly, vegetation characteristics played a minor role. Solely throughfall and canopy cover exerted a slightly stronger control, especially in summer. Most importantly, the examined hillslope characteristics explained only a small proportion of the observed SSF variability. Consequently there must be additional important drivers not represented by current measurement techniques of the hillslope configuration (e.g. bedrock properties, preferential pathways). We also found interesting differences in explainability of SSF variability among temporal scales and between both forested hillslopes and the grassland hillslope.
Field data collection and analysis of canopy and litter interception in commercial forest plantations in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands, South Africa
Authors: Bulcock H. H. , Jewitt G. P. W.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. It is well accepted that the total evaporation in forested areas is greater than in grasslands, largely due to the differences in the amount of rainfall that is intercepted by the forest canopy and litter and due to higher transpiration rates. However, interception is the least studied of these components of the hydrological cycle. The study aims to measure and quantify the canopy and litter interception by Eucalyptus grandis, Pinus patula and Acacia mearnsii, at the Two Streams research catchment in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands of South Africa for the three-year period April 2008 to March 2011. The results from this study showed that canopy and litter interception contributed a significant amount of the water evaporated in a forest water balance. The canopy interception by E. grandis, A. mearnsii and P. patula was 14.9%, 27.7% and 21.4% of gross precipitation, respectively, while litter interception was 8.5%, 6.6% and 12.1% of gross precipitation, respectively.
The importance of plant water use on evapotranspiration covers in semi-arid Australia
Authors: Schneider A. , Arnold S. , Doley D. , Mulligan D. R. , Baumgartl T.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. We estimated the evapotranspiration (ET) for an area vegetated with characteristic semi-arid native Australian plant species on ET mine waste cover systems. These systems aim to minimise drainage into underlying hazardous wastes by maximising evaporation (E) from the soil surface and transpiration from vegetation. An open top chamber was used to measure diurnal and daily ET of two plant species – Senna artemisioides (silver cassia) and Sclerolaena birchii (galvanised burr) – after a simulated rainfall event, as well as E from bare soil. Both ET and E decreased with increasing time after initial watering. Different temporal patterns were observed for daily ET from the two plant species and E from bare soil, revealing Senna artemisioides as intensive and Sclerolaena birchii as extensive water exploiters. A strong positive linear relationship was identified between ET (and E), and the atmospheric water demand represented by the vapour pressure deficit. The relationship always was more pronounced in the morning than in the afternoon, indicating a diminishing water supply from the soil associated with a declining unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil in the afternoon. The slopes of the regression lines were steepest for Senna artemisioides, reflecting its intensive water-exploiting characteristics. We used the derived estimates of ET and E to predict the effect of species composition on plot ET in relation to total vegetation coverage. Although both species proved suitable for an operational ET cover system, vegetation coverage should exceed at least 50% in order to markedly influence plot ET, a value which is likely to be unsustainable in semi-arid climates.
Drought impacts on vegetation in the pre- and post-fire events over Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Gouveia C. M. , Bastos A. , Trigo R. M. , DaCamara C. C.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. The present work aims to study the combined effect of drought and large wildfires in the Iberian Peninsula relying on remotely sensed data of vegetation dynamics and leaf moisture content, in particular monthly NDVI, NDWI and NDDI time series from 1999–2009, derived from VEGETATION dataset. The impact of the exceptional 2004/2005 drought on vegetation was assessed for vegetation recovering from the extraordinary fire season of 2003 and on the conditions that contributed to the onsetting of the fire season of 2005. Drought severity was estimated by the cumulative negative effect on photosynthetic activity (NDVI) and vegetation dryness (NDDI), with about 2/3 of Iberian Peninsula presenting vegetative stress and low water availability conditions, in spring and early summer of 2005. Furthermore, NDDI has shown to be very useful to assess drought, since it combines information on vegetation and water conditions. Moreover, we show that besides looking at the inter-annual variability of NDVI and NDDI, it is useful to evaluate intra-annual changes (δNDVI and δNDDI), as indicators of change in vegetation greenness, allowing a detailed picture of the ability of the different land-cover types to resist to short-term dry conditions. In order to assess drought impact on post-fire regeneration, recovery times were evaluated by a mono-parametric model based on NDVI data and values corresponding to drought months were set to no value. Drought has shown to delay recovery times for several months in all the selected scars from 2003. The analysis of vegetation dynamics and fire selectivity in 2005 suggests that fires tended to occur in pixels presenting lower vegetative and water stress conditions during spring and early summer months. Additionally, pre-fire vegetation dynamics, in particular vegetation density and water availability during spring and early summer, has shown to influence significantly the levels of fire damage. These results stress the role of fuel availability in fire occurrence and impact on the Iberian Peninsula.
Towards high resolution mapping of 3-D mesoscale dynamics from observations
Authors: Buongiorno Nardelli B. , Guinehut S. , Pascual A. , Drillet Y. , Ruiz S. , Mulet S.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. The MyOcean R&D project MESCLA (MEsoSCaLe dynamical Analysis through combined model, satellite and in situ data) was devoted to the high resolution 3-D retrieval of tracer and velocity fields in the oceans, based on the combination of in situ and satellite observations and quasi-geostrophic dynamical models. The retrieval techniques were also tested and compared with the output of a primitive equation model, with particular attention to the accuracy of the vertical velocity field as estimated through the Q vector formulation of the omega equation. The project focused on a test case, covering the region where the Gulf Stream separates from the US East Coast. This work demonstrated that innovative methods for the high resolution mapping of 3-D mesoscale dynamics from observations can be used to build the next generations of operational observation-based products.
A More Reliable Method for Monitoring the Condition of Three-Phase Induction Motors Based on Their Vibrations
Authors: Shnibha R. , Albarbar A. , Abouhnik A. , Ibrahim G.
Published: October 2012

This paper is concerned with accurate, early, and reliable fault diagnosis using an enhanced vibration measurement technique based on short-time Fourier transform. The novelty of this work lies in detecting very low-phase imbalance-related faults. The energy contained within specified frequency bands centred on the rotor frequency and power supply frequency, and their sideband zones were calculated. The technique was firstly demonstrated by simulated signals and then verified by experimental measurements taken from two different-sized test rigs. The first one comprised a 1.1 kW variable speed three-phase induction motor with varying output load (no load, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% load). Two types of common faults were introduced: imbalance in one phase as the electrical fault and misalignment of load as the mechanical fault. The second test rig had a 3 kW three-phase induction motor again with varying load, and here the two seeded faults were: phase imbalance and one broken rotor bar. The measured energy levels in the test conditions were found to be affected by type of fault and fault severity. It is concluded that the proposed method offers a potentially reliable and computationally inexpensive condition monitoring tool which can be implemented with real-time monitoring systems.
Cultivar and Growing Location Effects on Fatty Acids and Minerals in White Lupin Sprouts
Authors: Bhardwaj Harbans L. , Hamama Anwar A.
Published: October 2012

Composition of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) sprouts was significantly affected by growing location whereas cultivar effects were not significant. In general, sprouts made from seed produced at Petersburg, a location with cooler climate and heavier soils, were superior to those produced from seed produced at Suffolk, a location with warmer climate and sandier soils. White lupin sprouts, on average, contained 41 percent protein and 8 percent oil. Contents of fatty acids, expressed as percentage of oil, were 10, 2, 1, 4, 1, 1, 43, 20, 10, 5, 2, 18, 82, 51, and 31, respectively, for C16:0, C18:0, C20:0, C22:0, C24:0, C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:1, and C22:1, total saturated, total unsaturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The ratio between linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) fatty acids in white lupin sprouts was 0.5. White lupin sprouts, on average, contained 0.4, 0.8, 0.3, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.04 percent P, K, S, Ca, Mg, and Na, respectively. White lupin sprouts, on average, contained 51, 15, 139, 10, 51, and 14 mg·kg−1 Fe, Al, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B, respectively. Based on this study, it was concluded that white lupin sprouts are a potential human food.
Anaesthesia during Carotid Endarterectomy and Urinary Neopterin
Authors: Rerkasem K. , Shearman C. P.
Published: October 2012

Recent systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials show that the rate of postoperative complications after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) was not significantly different between operations performed under general anesthesia (GA) or local anesthesia (LA). However, these studies were not large enough to draw meaningful conclusions about any difference in mortality. This study therefore aimed to compare a surrogate endpoint of postoperative mortality between GA and LA by using urinary neopterin. 68 consecutive patients admitted electively for CEA were studied. Urinary neopterin levels were assayed preoperatively, immediately postoperatively (PO), 4, 6, 12, and 24 hrs PO. This study compared the level of urinary neopterin between GA and LA. Of the 68 CEAs, 48 operations were performed under GA. Urinary neopterin concentration in LA group increased PO and reached a peak at 6 hrs PO. At this point, the urinary neopterin levels in the GA group (85.3 μmol/mol creatinine) were significantly lower than those under the LA group (123.4 μmol/mol creatinine) (P=0.02). We found that the level of urinary neopterin level after operation in LA was significantly higher than those under GA. More studies are needed.
Dose-Painted Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Improves Local Control for Locally Advanced Pancreas Cancer
Authors: Tunceroglu Ahmet , Park Joo Han , Balasubramanian Sairam , Poppe Matthew , Anker Christopher J. , Poplin Elizabeth , Moss Rebecca A. , Yue Ning J. , Carpizo Darren , Gannon Christopher J. , Haffty Bruce G. , Jabbour Salma K.
Published: October 2012

Background. To evaluate the outcomes, adverse events, and therapeutic role of Dose-Painted Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (DP-IMRT) for locally advanced pancreas cancer (LAPC). Methods. Patients with LAPC were treated with induction chemotherapy (n=25) and those without metastasis (n=20) received DP-IMRT consisting of 45 Gy to Planning Treatment Volume 1 (PTV1) including regional lymph nodes with a concomitant boost to the PTV2 (gross tumor volume + 0.5 cm) to either 50.4 Gy (n=9) or 54 Gy (n=11) in 25 fractions. DP-IMRT cases were compared to three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) plans to assess the potential relationship of radiation dose to adverse events. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to calculate survival probabilities. The Fisher exact test and t-test were utilized to investigate potential prognostic factors of toxicity and survival. Results. Median overall and progression-free survivals were 11.6 and 5.9 months, respectively. Local control was 90%. Post-RT CA-19-9 levels following RT were predictive of survival (P=0.02). Grade 2 and ≥grade 3 GI toxicity were 60% and 20%, respectively. In comparison to 3D-CRT, DP-IMRT plans demonstrated significantly lower V45 values of small bowel (P=0.0002), stomach (P=0.007), and mean liver doses (P=0.001). Conclusions. Dose-escalated DP-IMRT offers improved local control in patients treated with induction chemotherapy for LAPC. Radiation-related morbidity appears reduced with DP-IMRT compared to 3D-CRT techniques, likely due to reduction in RT doses to organs at risk.
Aluminium Alloy-Based Metal Matrix Composites: A Potential Material for Wear Resistant Applications
Authors: Dasgupta Rupa
Published: October 2012

Aluminium alloy-based metal matrix composites (AMMCs) have been by now established themselves as a suitable wear resistant material especially for sliding wear applications. However, in actual practice engineering components usually encounter combination of wear types. An attempt has been made in the present paper to highlight the effect of dispersing SiC in 2014 base alloy adopting the liquid metallurgy route on different wear modes like sliding, abrasion, erosion, and combinations of wear modes like cavitation erosion, erosion abrasion, sliding abrasion, and the results obtained compared with the base alloy. It is found that there are a number of contributing factors for the resulting wear and all are not necessarily derogatory in nature. The limits within which the AMMCs can exhibit superior performance over the base alloy have been discussed. Worn surface and subsurface studies have been carried out to understand the mechanism of material removal and the role of the different contributing factors to material removal. Wear mechanisms that have been prevalent have been suggested and the possibility of making wear resistant components from the MMCs is discussed based on the experimental results obtained.
Optical Waveguide BTX Gas Sensor Based on Yttrium-Doped Lithium Iron Phosphate Thin Film
Authors: Nizamidin Patima , Yimit Abliz , Nurulla Ismayil , Itoh Kiminori
Published: October 2012

Yttrium-doped LiFePO4 powder was synthesized using the hydrothermal method in one step and was used as a sensing material. An optical waveguide (OWG) sensor based on Yttrium-doped LiFePO4 has been developed by spin coating a thin film of LiFe0.99Y0.01PO4 onto a single-mode Tin-diffused glass optical waveguide. Light was coupled into and out of glass OWG employed by a pair of prisms. The guided wave transmits in waveguide layer and passes through the film as an evanescent wave. The sensing film is stable in air, but when exposed to target gas at room temperature, its optical properties such as transmittance (T) and refractive index (nf) were changed; thus, the transmitted light intensity was changed. The LiFe0.99Y0.01PO4 thin film OWG exhibits reversible response to xylene gas in the range of 0.1–1000 ppm. When the concentration of BTX gases was lower than 1ppm, other substances caused a little interference with the detection of xylene vapor. Compared to pure LiFePO4 thin film OWG, this sensor exhibited higher sensitivity to BTXs.
Treatment of Primary Axillary Hyperhidrosis with Botulinum Toxin Type A: Our Experience in 50 Patients from 2007 to 2010
Authors: Scamoni Stefano , Valdatta Luigi , Frigo Claudia , Maggiulli Francesca , Cherubino Mario
Published: October 2012

Background. Local injections of Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) are an effective and safe solution for primary bilateral axillary hyperhidrosis. Traditional treatments are often ineffective and difficult to tolerate. This study was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of these diseases and to evaluate the reliability of patient’s subjective rating in the timing of repeat injections. Methods. From 2007 to 2008, we included in the study and treated a total of 50 patients, and we used the Minor’s iodine test and the hyperhidrosis diseases severity scale as initial inclusion criteria and also for evaluating the followup, comparing to patient’s subjective rating. We used also a specific questionnaire to evaluate the level of pain, the onset of the effect, any eventual adverse effect of the treatment, the onset of compensatory hyperhidrosis, and the global grade of satisfaction. The data were analyzed using standard statistical methods. Results. 88% of patients were totally satisfied and all patients repeated the treatment during all the study. The symptom-free interval was in median 6 months with an average improving of HDSS of 1.5 points. In 86%, there was a complete accordance between the subjective patient’s demand of the repetition of the treatment and the positivity to Minor test and HDSS. No major side effects happened. Conclusion. Local injections of Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) result in an effective and safe solution for bilateral axillary primary hyperhidrosis for the absence of significant morbidity, side effects, and lack of efficacy or duration. The only defects are the need of repetition of the treatment and relative costs.
The Microbiology of Tonsils in Khamis Civil Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Ahmary Mohammed S. , Al Mastour Ali S. , Ghnnam Wagih M.
Published: October 2012

Objectives. Tonsillitis is a common infection in all age groups, especially under the age of five. Organisms causing this condition vary from place to place. Our aim is to find out the main causative agents of this condition in our hospital.Patients and Methods. Fifty-two consenting patients who needed tonsillectomy in Khamis civil hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between September 2006 and April 2007, were enrolled for the study. Swabs were taken from their inner surfaces and cultured for anaerobes and aerobes according to standard microbiological techniques.Results. Fifty-two patients, consisting of 30 males and 22 females were enrolled. Their mean age was9.81±6.47. Nearly 65% of patients had positive cultures while 35% were negative. The commonest bacteria isolated wereStaphylococcus aureus(44.1%); and Group BStreptococcus(35.3 %). Two Gram-negative bacteria,Klebsiella pneumoniae, (8.82%), andPseudomonas aeruginosa(2.94 %), were also isolated. No anaerobe was isolated.Conclusion. Gram-positive cocci, consisting ofStaphylococcus aureusand Group BStreptococcus(Streptococcus agalactiae), are the major causes of tonsillitis requiring surgery in our hospital. Antibiotic treatment of this condition should be directed largely against these organisms.
Regulation of GLUT4 and Insulin-Dependent Glucose Flux
Authors: Olson Ann Louise
Published: October 2012

GLUT4 has long been known to be an insulin responsive glucose transporter. Regulation of GLUT4 has been a major focus of research on the cause and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Understanding how insulin signaling alters the intracellular trafficking of GLUT4 as well as understanding the fate of glucose transported into the cell by GLUT4 will be critically important for seeking solutions to the current rise in diabetes and metabolic disease.
On The Solution n-Dimensional of the Composite ♢k Operator and ♢Bk Operator
Authors: Satsanit Wanchak
Published: October 2012

Firstly, we study the solution of the equation ♢k♢Bku(x)=f(x), where ♢k♢Bk is the composite of the diamond operator and Bessel diamond operator. Finally, we study of the nonlinear equation ♢k♢Bku(x)=f(x,∆k-1□k♢Bk). It was found that the existence of the solution u(x) of such an equation depends on the condition of f and ∆k-1□k♢Bku(x). Moreover, such equation u(x) is related to the elastic wave equation.
Evidence of Carboxyl Modification of Hydrogen-Free Diamond-Like Carbon Films Assisted by Radio Frequency Plasma in Vacuum
Authors: Xue Yuqi , Wang Zixin , Wang Jun , Hu Changji , Xie Fangyan , Chen Dihu , He Zhenhui
Published: October 2012

Modification of hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon (DLC) is presented, with acrylic acid (AA) vapor carried into a vacuum chamber by argon and with the in situ assistance of low-power radio frequency (RF) plasma at a temperature below 100°C. Measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique, the roughness (Ra) of the DLC was 1.063±0.040 nm. XPS and FT-IR spectra analysis showed that carboxyl groups were immobilized on the surface of the DLC films, with about 40% of carboxyl group area coverage. It was found that the RF plasma and reaction time are important in enhancing the modification rate and efficiency.
Early Diagnosis of Gallbladder Carcinoma: An Algorithm Approach
Authors: Vijayakumar Abhishek , Vijayakumar Avinash , Patil Vijayraj , Mallikarjuna M. N. , Shivaswamy B. S.
Published: October 2012

Gall bladder carcinoma is the most common biliary tract cancer. Delayed presentation and early spread of tumor make it one of the lethal tumors with poor prognosis. Considering that simple cholecystectomy for T1 disease could offer a potential cure, it is increasingly needed to identify it at early stages. Identification of high-risk cases and offering prophylactic cholecystectomy can decrease the incidence of gallbladder carcinoma. With advances in diagnostic tools like contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound, elastography, multidetctor CT, MRI, and PET scan, we can potentially diagnose gallbladder carcinoma at early stages. This paper reviews the various diagnostic modalities available and an algorithmic approach to early diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma.
Paragonimiasis and Renewed Crab-Eating Behavior in Six Communities from Two Ethnocultural Clusters in Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Uttah Emmanuel Chukwunenye
Published: October 2012

This work was aimed at assessing the prevalence of paragonimiasis and crab-eating behavior in Southeastern Nigeria. Sputum examinations and questionnaire administration were carried out. Prevalence was 13.2% and was significantly higher among females (14.6%) than males (11.2%) (P<0.05). Overall, 77.2% of respondents across the communities eat crabs, and this was comparable between males (76.4%) and females (77.6%) (P>0.05). The prevalence was comparable between the two ethnocultural groups and between communities within each ethnocultural group (P>0.05 for both tests). The mean age of crab eaters was 43 years, while that of noncrab eaters was 26 years. Many (46.3%) infected individuals presented low intensity infections (1–50 eggs/ova per 5 mL−1 sputum), while 28.8% and 23.8% presented moderate (51–100 eggs/ova per 5 mL−1 sputum) and high (above 100 eggs/ova per 5 mL−1 sputum) intensity infections, respectively. Infection risk among weekly eaters of crabs was 3 times higher than that of monthly eaters (OR 3.68), 19 times higher than that of quarterly eaters (OR 19.0), and 9 times higher than that of irregular eaters (OR 9.38). Concerted awareness campaign is needed to curb the renewed increase of the scourge in endemic Southeastern Nigeria.
Gestão mercadológica e lucratividade: um estudo com jogos de empresas
Authors: Silva Marco Antônio , Sauaia Antonio Carlos Aidar
Published: October 2012

The marketing management in organizations is crucial for affecting the generation of revenue. However, managers have little understood the impact of management on profitability, because the difficulty of measuring the effects on the results. This study compared marketing management in companies that worked with operational focus to those working with strategic focus. Data produced in a business game with nine competing firms were examined in a descriptive study focusing the impact on profits and on the Internal Rate of Return. The analysis of the decisions revealed that four companies were operational oriented and five companies were strategic oriented. The results showed that the strategic marketing management absorbed larger investments, generating greater value to shareholders and maintaining the expectation of business continuity. Business games as a research environment have much to contribute to empirical studies in the Marketing field.
La responsabilité sociale des universités en France ou la réussite des études supérieures?
Authors: Annoot Emmanuelle , Tassigny Mônica Mota , Brasil Marcus Vinicius de Oliveira
Published: October 2012

Recent reforms have strengthened the ties between universities and their territory in France. Communities and associations play an important role to support the development policies of institutions. Autonomous universities are thus confirmed as actors in economic, social and cultural factors in their environment. These guidelines are changing the place of the university in society. Social responsibility of universities began to be raised when the institution meets the needs of the inhabitants of a territory's social life and culture. In particular, access to higher education and retention of graduates are local issues that enhance the public service role of universities. It remains to study the effects of school autonomy on democratizing access to knowledge at the heart of these new forms of regulation between European, national and local levels, for this theory was used in this paper the method of scenarios.
Embarques e desembarques na estação da memória de Joinville
Authors: Coelho Ilanil
Published: October 2012

O objetivo deste artigo é interpretar historiograficamente os embates travados no processo de patrimonialização de uma antiga estação ferroviária na cidade de Joinville, Santa Catarina. Para tanto, a investigação vale-se de obras escritas por historiadores, documentos de imprensa e da municipalidade, bem como de fontes orais. São discutidos os diferentes sentidos dos termos história, memória e patrimônio cultural indiciados em discursos sobre a Estação Ferroviária de Joinville. Procuro demonstrar que as múltiplas abordagens sobre este bem cultural dizem respeito às experiências sociais com o presente, o passado e o futuro. Concluo que, na contemporaneidade, as políticas públicas de proteção e gestão do patrimônio cultural urbano devem voltar-se muito mais aos processos de apropriação social dos bens e menos às edificações de que são referência.
De espaço de inovação a lugar de tradição: Bar Palácio como espectador e ator da dinâmica urbana de Curitiba (1930-2006)
Authors: Corção Mariana
Published: October 2012

O Bar Palácio, fundado na Curitiba da década de 1930, permanece até a contemporaneidade sendo conhecido por características tradicionais. O presente artigo explora fontes impressas que defendem a tradicionalidade do Palácio diante das intensas transformações ocorridas em seu entorno (somadas a algumas mudanças internas). Desta forma, a relativa imutabilidade do Palácio, em relação às transformações urbanas de Curitiba ao longo do século XX, valoriza-o enquanto espaço de rememoração. A nostalgia desponta, nesse contexto, como conseqüência das sensações despertadas por elementos peculiares do Palácio, como o cardápio e o ambiente.
Entre o campo e a cidade: memória e preservação na Fazenda do Quilombo em Minas Gerais
Authors: Seabra Elizabeth Aparecida Duque
Published: October 2012

O artigo discute como se elaboram reflexões sobre a história, a memória e a preservação de bens culturais a partir do contato com o patrimônio cultural em visitas educativas. Toma-se como pressuposto que os sujeitos em situações educativas de visita tornam-se parte constitutiva do movimento de produção e disponibilização denovos sentidos para o patrimônio cultural. Os visitantes elaboram narrativas onde explicitam suas escolhas e leituras, confrontando discursos de especialistas, acervos, objetos e visões historiográficas.
Pronta para ajudar os operários que a elegeram: vereadora Ilza Gouvêa e a militância das tecelãs de Magé/RJ
Authors: Ribeiro Felipe Augusto dos Santos
Published: October 2012

O período compreendido entre 1947 e 1964 foi uma época bastante rica em experiências para os trabalhadores têxteis do município de Magé-RJ, tida por eles como um tempo áureo, de muitas conquistas para a categoria, sobretudo via participação político sindical. Esse contexto coincidiu, justamente, com a ascensão do Partido Comunista do Brasil (PCB) no município, tendo vários de seus militantes sido eleitos como diretores sindicais e vereadores. Ao promoverem um elevado nível de organização e mobilização dos trabalhadores locais, os comunistas conseguiram eleger, mesmo na clandestinidade, por meio de outras legendas, um total de onze vereadores em Magé. Portanto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a militância política das tecelãs mageenses, com destaque para a operária Ilza Gouvêa, eleita vereadora em 1950.
Escola e universidade na pós-modernidade
Authors: Passos Rogério Duarte Fernandes dos
Published: October 2012

Escola e Universidade na Pós-Modernidade, obra coordenada pelos professores José Camilo dos Santos Filho e Silvia E. Moraes debate as interfaces e intercorrências que se colocam para a Universidade – e para a própria educação – no bojo do processo que se convencionou chamar de pós-modernidade.
Micro Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Design Integrated with Wind Accelerating Techniques
Authors: Abdul Latif Maghanhar  , Saleem Raza Samo  , Altaf Hussain Rajpar
Published: October 2012

Power generation from natural wind is the crucial issue due to rapid depletion of non-renewable energy resources and their pollution demerits. Most observers agreed that long-term economic growth will require technical innovation to make wind energy more competitive with other forms of energy. One among the key trends is the push to improve productivity. Vertical axis wind turbines are capable of extracting power from wind regardless of direction of natural wind flow. Very less work is devoted to improve the characteristics of wind to make it more useable for power generation. Major portion of the research is related to the wind energy system design that caters the domestic needs. A micro vertical axis wind turbine system with integrated wind accelerating techniques is proposed. At the outer of the turbine a wind accelerating convergent duct with larger wind area is proposed, that will perform as a nozzle action to accelerate the natural wind when it strikes on the front half portion of the turbine blades. Proposed micro wind turbine is also integrated with satellite dish type parabolic structure, mounted at the top of the turbine. The parabolic concentrator surface is coated with sun rays reflecting mirrors, sunlight striking on paraboliod surface is directed to words a heat absorbing hollow cylinder, erected at the center of the paraboliod concentrator. Hollow cylinder is the path channel for air leaving the turbine. Air molecules passing through this channel will be heated up, moving rapidly up word creating momentum in air leaving from the turbine. Design of the proposed vertical axis wind turbine system integrated with wind accelerating techniques and experimental study of wind accelerating duct composed of various section is reported in this research work.
Le travail atypique au Québec
Authors: Noiseux Yanick
Published: October 2012

L’article porte sur l’impact de la transformation des marchés du travail pour les jeunes du Québec. Après avoir brièvement présenté le « modèle de centrifugation de l’emploi du coeur vers les marchés périphériques du travail dans l’après-fordisme, il montre que cette dynamique conduit à une rehiérarchisation des marchés du travail sur la base du statut d’emploi en s’appuyant sur des données publiées par l’Institut québécois de la statistique (ISQ). L’article montre que les effets délétères de cette dynamique se surimposent aux jeunes travailleurs et travailleuses non seulement parce que ceux-ci sont surreprésentés dans le travail atypique, mais aussi parce qu’ils subissent disproportionnellement l’impact de la rémunération plus faible, de l’accès restreint aux régimes de protection sociale et à la représentation syndicale associés aux emplois atypiques.
Proposal of Measures for Increasing the Safety Level of Inland Navigation
Authors: Vidan Pero , Grządziela Andrzej , Bošnjak Rino
Published: October 2012

Navigation along inland waterways was in history used only for the transportation of bulk cargo. However, in the last two centuries inland waterways have been used for transporting containers, general and liquid cargo. The density of navigation in the world waterways is considerable, especially because it is more profitable, when compared to other modes of transport. The increase of the density of navigation along inland waterways has also caused the threats of various undesired occurrences like collisions, stranding, pollution etc. Their decrease may be realised through the implementation of various measures relating to the safety of navigation along inland waterways.In this paper the authors will present new measures aimed at the increase of the traffic volume. It is expected that the implementation of new measures will enable optimal planning of navigation and better awareness of potential threats in the waterways.
Analysis of Recent Supply and Demand of Educated Seafarers in Montenegro and Worldwide
Authors: Ćorović Branislav , Pejaković-Kovačević Sanela , Šekularac-Ivošević Senka
Published: October 2012

This paper illustrates the current state of creation of personnel in the maritime industry in Montenegro and worldwide. We are comparing many different systems of seafarer education around the world and indicating their benefits and shortcomings. We took into consideration BIMCO’s research pertaining to the supply of and demand for seafarers on the international labor market. We also took into consideration the development of seafarers’ careers in keeping with international conventions governing the systems of education and training of seafarers. This paper focuses on the current condition in seafarer education worldwide. We conducted a survey among 30 Montenegrin and 24 Croatian seafarers to establish their opinion on the educational system, seafarer employment agencies and careers.
Crystal Oscillator Design
Authors: Poddar Ajay K. , Rohde Ulrich L.
Published: October 2012

Crystal oscillators are commonly used as reference frequency standards for synthesis of the harmonic signal required for their operation in synthesizer and timing devices. The phase noise of these reference frequency standards limits the noise floor and electromagnetic interference susceptibility that affects the dynamic range, selectivity, and sensitivity of a receiver. This contribution is devoted to design guidelines for selecting the low‐phase‐noise topology of crystal oscillator circuits for the applications in modern communication systems. Numerous practical examples are demonstrated and validated with computer‐assisted design (CAD) simulation and measured results, which allows for the realization of high‐performance stable reference frequency standards.
Asian Christianity Since 1500: An Overview
Authors: Chung Sung Wook
Published: October 2012

Asia is the largest continent in the world, with the largest population. It also has the greatest number of Christians, because of the dramatic growth of Christianity in Korea, China, India, and South‐East Asia over the past 20 years.
The Effect of Additives on Amorphous Calcium Carbonate (ACC): Janus Behavior in Solution and the Solid State
Authors: Ihli Johannes , Kim Yi‐Yeoun , Noel Elizabeth H. , Meldrum Fiona C.
Published: October 2012

Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) is an important intermediate in the formation of crystalline CaCO3 biominerals, where its crystallization is controlled using soluble additives. However, although this transformation often occurs in the solid state, experiments mainly focus on the effect of additives on ACC crystallization in solution. This paper addresses this issue and compares the crystallization, in solution and in the solid state, of ACC precipitated in the presence of a range of additives. Surprisingly, these results show that some additives exhibit a Janus behavior, where they retard crystallization in solution, yet accelerate it in the solid state. This is observed for all of the larger molecules examined, while the small molecules retard crystallization in both solution and the solid state.
Synthesis of Natural Cellulose–Based Graft Copolymers Using Methyl Methacrylate as an Efficient Monomer
Authors: Thakur V. K. , Singha A. S. , Thakur M. K.
Published: October 2012

Cellulose‐based materials are one of the most significant candidates for the preparation of a number of copolymers by graft copolymerization owing to their linear structure, providing good reinforcing properties to the resulting copolymers. Therefore, in the present study, in an effort to develop novel low‐cost ecofriendly green polymeric materials, graft copolymers based on lignocellulose were synthesized by graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate. Different reaction parameters were optimized to get the optimum graft yield, and the graft copolymers were subjected to the analysis of different physicochemical properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E741–E748, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21317
Fabrication of superhydrophobic coatings based on nanoparticles and fluoropolyurethane
Authors: Seyedmehdi S. A. , Zhang Hui , Zhu Jesse
Published: October 2012

Hydrophobic nanosilica or nanofluoric particles were mixed with fluoropolyurethane resin to fabricate superhydrophobic coatings that have contact angles higher than 145°. These coatings were prepared from the simple mixing of nanoparticles in fluoropolymer and were cured at room temperature. Different fractions of nanosilica, nanofluoric particles, and the combination of them were used to find the best formulations of superhydrophobic coatings. Contact angle, contact angle hysteresis, sliding angle, hardness, and UV durability tests were conducted to find the effectiveness of these coatings. The results showed that only fluoropolyurethane coatings containing nanosilica or the combination of it and fluoric particles were superhydrophobic. Also, the hardness of coatings was increased by raising nanoparticle concentrations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Scrutinizing the influence of strain‐induced fiber orientation on the melt rheological behavior of short aramid fiber/thermoplastic elastomer composite using rubber process analyzer
Authors: Shibulal G. S. , Naskar K.
Published: October 2012

The effect of fiber loading and its orientational changes on the melt rheological behavior of a short aramid fiber reinforced ethylene‐octene copolymer was explored as function of dynamic strain and frequency using a Rubber Process Analyser (RPA). The rheological responses such as the storage modulus and complex viscosity to a cyclic dynamic strain sweep and subsequent linear viscoelastic (LVE) frequency sweep were performed to probe the orientational changes of the short fiber within the sample. An enhanced elastic shear modulus was observed at the low strain regime with a few numbers of repeated strain sweeps and level off thereafter. This can be attributed to the orientational changes of the short fiber from an initial random orientation to a well‐ordered concentric fiber string and the string–string packing with repeated oscillatory shear strain. The complex viscosity measured as a function of LVE frequency sweep having the influence of a pre strain history was also found to increases in first few cycles, but very interestingly the complex viscosity measured at all the frequency sweep cycles shows similar values, which are not subjected to any strain history. The optical microscopic images of the samples before and after the RPA analyses clearly support the possibility of fiber orientations and their subsequent packing with repeated strain sweeps. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Preparation and properties of cardanol‐based polybenzoxazine/SiO2 hybrids by sol‐gel technique
Authors: Li Shengfang , Zou Tao , Feng Li , Liu Xianli , Tao Min
Published: October 2012

A new cardanol‐based benzoxazine monomer containing a hydroxyl group (CBZ) was synthesized and characterized by FT‐IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The formation mechanism of cardanol‐based polybenzoxazine/SiO2 hybrids from CBZ and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) by sol‐gel technique was invested by FT‐IR analysis. FT‐IR and SEM confirmed that there were many SiO2 particles formed and embedded in the cardanol‐based polybenzoxazine. A phase separation occurred when the ratio (wt) of TEOS to CBZ was not less than 3 : 5. TGA results illuminated the thermal stability and char yield of cardanol‐based polybenzoxazine could be enhanced due to the formation of SiO2 particles in the polybenzoxazine matrix. Incorporation of SiO2 could improve the surface de‐wetting and anti‐ultraviolet properties of the films. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Preparation, structure characterization, and thermal performance of phenyl‐modified MQ silicone resins
Authors: Xu Xiaoqiu , Wu Chuan , Zhang Baohua , Dong Hong
Published: October 2012

Methyl‐ and phenyl‐modified MQ resins have been prepared by cohydrolysis and condensation‐polymerization of the prepolymer of sodium silicate with SiO2/Na2O = 3.33 using the ethanol solution of hexamethyldisiloxane (MM), 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐divinyldisiloxane (TMDVS), methyldiphenylethoxysilane (MDPES), dimethylphenylethoxysilane (DMPES), or their dimers. The influence of different end‐capping agents on the composition and properties of the MQ resins has been investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry results indicate that when the MQ resins are end capped with DMPES instead of MDPES, the resins were more easily purified and almost no high boiling point residuals were found in the phenyl MQ resins. The refractive indexes of the MQ resins were significantly affected by the phenyl group and their values could be adjusted by changing the amount of DMPES. The structures of the resins were characterized by 1H‐NMR and FT–IR spectroscopy. The M/Q ratios in the prepared MQ resins were calculated from the 1H‐NMR spectra or from elemental analysis or both. The M/Q values obtained agreed well with the changes of appearance and thermal stabilities of the MQ resins. The thermal stabilities of the MQ resins were greatly enhanced when DMPES was used. Phenyl‐modified MQ resins were in the form of white powders due to the rigidity of the phenyl group while methyl MQ resins exhibited a range of appearances, from transparent liquids to white powders, with the reduction of M/Q values. The method developed to calculate the M/Q values is useful for the characterization of MQ resins and their derivatives. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Preparation, processing, and rheology of thermoplastic collagen
Authors: Klüver Enno , Meyer Michael
Published: October 2012

This article describes a technology for the thermoplastic treatment of collagen. Based on limed, untanned cattle pelts a fine powder, termed Thermoplastic Collagen (TC) is produced, which can be processed using conventional thermoplastic techniques. Central step in the production of TC is the partial denaturation of collagen, which was achieved by four different methods. Extrusion of TC at temperatures below 100°C is possible after addition of 30–60% water as plasticizer. In order to maintain permanent flexibility and reduce tackiness, glycerol and stearic acid are used as additives. Shear and elongational viscosities of TC‐water‐mixtures decrease with the shear rate which is consistent with the behavior of thermoplastic materials. The power law can be applied, yielding power law indices of 0.15–0.35. The viscosities are more distinctly influenced by raw material and water content than by temperature or glycerol content. Material properties of the extrudates are described and compared with the starting material. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
A Synthetic Amino Acid Residue Containing A New Oligopeptide‐Based Photosensitive Fluorescent Organogel
Authors: Maiti Dibakar Kumar , Banerjee Arindam
Published: October 2012

A synthetic amino acid (with a stilbene residue in the main chain) containing a tripeptide‐based organogelator has been discovered. This peptide‐based synthetic molecule 1 self‐assembles in various organic solvents to form an organogel. The gel has been thoroughly characterized by using various microscopic techniques including field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV‐visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, and rheology. Morphological investigations using FESEM and AFM show a nanofibrillar network structure. Interestingly, the organogel is photoresponsive and a gel–sol transition occurred by irradiating the gel with UV light of 365 nm for 2 h as shown by the UV and fluorescence study. This photoresponsive fluorescent gel holds promise for new peptide‐based soft materials with interesting applications.
Dα‐Type Iterative Learning Control for Fractional‐Order Linear Time‐Delay Systems
Authors: Lan Yong‐Hong , Zhou Yong
Published: October 2012

This paper presents a second order ‐type iterative learning control (ILC) scheme for a class of fractional‐order linear time‐delay systems with fractional order α (0 ≤ α < 1). First, by analyzing the control and learning processes, a discrete system for ‐type ILC is established. Then, ILC design problem is converted to a stabilization problem for such a discrete system. Next, by introducing the (λ, ξ)‐norm and using a generalized Gronwall‐Bellman lemma, the sufficient condition for the robust convergence with respect to the bounded external disturbance of the control input and the tracking errors is obtained. Finally, the validity of the method is verified by two numerical examples.