bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of missing hierarchical relations in the vaccine ontology using acquired term pairs
Authors: Manuel Warren , Abeysinghe Rashmie , He Yongqun , Tao Cui , Cui Licong
Published: August 2022

Background

The Vaccine Ontology (VO) is a biomedical ontology that standardizes vaccine annotation. Errors in VO will affect a multitude of applications that it is being used in. Quality assurance of VO is imperative to ensure that it provides accurate domain knowledge to these downstream tasks. Manual review to identify and fix quality issues (such as missing hierarchical is-a relations) is challenging given the complexity of the ontology. Automated approaches are highly desirable to facilitate the quality assurance of VO.

Methods

We developed an automated lexical approach that identifies potentially missing is-a relations in VO. First, we construct two types of VO concept-pairs: (1) linked; and (2) unlinked. Each concept-pair further derives an Acquired Term Pair (ATP) based on their lexical features. If the same ATP is obtained by a linked concept-pair and an unlinked concept-pair, this is considered to indicate a potentially missing is-a relation between the unlinked pair of concepts.

Results

Applying this approach on the 1.1.192 version of VO, we were able to identify 232 potentially missing is-a relations. A manual review by a VO domain expert on a random sample of 70 potentially missing is-a relations revealed that 65 of the cases were valid missing is-a relations in VO (a precision of 92.86%).

Conclusions

The results indicate that our approach is highly effective in identifying missing is-a relation in VO.
Radiofluorination of a highly potent ATM inhibitor as a potential PET imaging agent
Authors: Fraser Claudia Rose , Ajenjo Javier , Veal Mathew , Dias Gemma Marie , Chan Chung , O’Neill Edward , Destro Gianluca , Lau Doreen , Pacelli Anna , Gouverneur Veronique , Hueting Rebekka , Cornelissen Bart
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a key mediator of the DNA damage response, and several ATM inhibitors (ATMi) are currently undergoing early phase clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. A radiolabelled ATMi to determine drug pharmacokinetics could assist patient selection in a move towards more personalised medicine. The aim of this study was to synthesise and investigate the first 18F-labelled ATM inhibitor [18F]1 for non-invasive imaging of ATM protein and ATMi pharmacokinetics.

Methods

Radiofluorination of a confirmed selective ATM inhibitor (1) was achieved through substitution of a nitro-precursor with [18F]fluoride. Uptake of [18F]1 was assessed in vitro in H1299 lung cancer cells stably transfected with shRNA to reduce expression of ATM. Blocking studies using several non-radioactive ATM inhibitors assessed binding specificity to ATM. In vivo biodistribution studies were performed in wild-type and ATM-knockout C57BL/6 mice using PET/CT and ex vivo analysis. Uptake of [18F]1 in H1299 tumour xenografts was assessed in BALB/c nu/nu mice.

Results

Nitro-precursor 2 was synthesised with an overall yield of 12%. Radiofluorination of 2 achieved radiochemically pure [18F]1 in 80 ± 13 min with a radiochemical yield of 20 ± 13% (decay-corrected) and molar activities up to 79.5 GBq/μmol (n = 11). In vitro, cell-associated activity of [18F]1 increased over 1 h, and retention of [18F]1 dropped to 50% over 2 h. [18F]1 uptake did not correlate with ATM expression, but could be reduced significantly with an excess of known ATM inhibitors, demonstrating specific binding of [18F]1 to ATM. In vivo, fast hepatobiliary clearance was observed with tumour uptake ranging 0.13–0.90%ID/g after 1 h.

Conclusion

Here, we report the first radiofluorination of an ATM inhibitor and its in vitro and in vivo biological evaluations, revealing the benefits but also some limitations of 18F-labelled ATM inhibitors.
A guideline proposal for mice preparation and care in 18F-FDG PET imaging
Authors: Ribeiro F. M. , Correia P. M. M. , Santos A. C. , Veloso J. F. C. A.
Published: August 2022

The experimental outcomes of small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 18F-labelled fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) can be particularly compromised by animal preparation and care. Several works intend to improve research reporting and amplify the quality and reliability of published research. Though these works provide valuable information to plan and conduct animal studies, manuscripts describe different methodologies—standardization does not exist. Consequently, the variation in details reported can explain the difference in the experimental results found in the literature. Additionally, the resources and guidelines defining protocols for small-animal imaging are scarce, making it difficult for researchers to obtain and compare accurate and reproducible data. Considering the selection of suitable procedures key to ensure animal welfare and research improvement, this paper aims to prepare the way for a future guideline on mice preparation and care for PET imaging with 18F-FDG. For this purpose, a global standard protocol was created based on recommendations and good practices described in relevant literature.
CNES-ESA satellite contribution to the operational monitoring of volcanic activity: The 2021 Icelandic eruption of Mt. Fagradalsfjall
Authors: Gouhier Mathieu , Pinel Virginie , Belart Joaquín M. C. , De Michele Marcello , Proy Catherine , Tinel Claire , Berthier Etienne , Guéhenneux Yannick , Gudmundsson Magnus Tumi , Óskarsson Birgir V. , Gremion Shan , Raucoules Daniel , Valade Sébastien , Massimetti Francesco , Oddsson Bjorn
Published: August 2022

Within the framework of the CIEST2 (Cellule d'Intervention d'Expertise Scientifique et Technique new generation) and thanks to the support of CNES, the French space agency, the first phase of the Fagradalsfjall eruption was exceptionally well covered by high resolution optical satellite data, through daily acquisitions of Pléiades images in stereo mode. In this study, we show how Pléiades data provided real-time information useful for the operational monitoring of the ongoing eruption. An estimation of the volume of lava emitted as well as the corresponding effusion rate could be derived and delivered to the civil protection less than 6 h after the data acquisition. This information is complementary to and consistent with estimates obtained through the HOTVOLC service using SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager) sensor on-board Meteosat Second Generation (MGS) geostationary satellites, operated by the European Space Agency (ESA), characterized by a lower spatial resolution and a higher temporal one. In addition to the information provided on the lava emission, Pléiades data also helped characterize the intensity of the eruption by providing insight into the elevation and the velocity of the volcanic plume. The survey of this effusive eruption, well anticipated by a series of precursors, is a proof of concept of the efficiency of optical/thermal satellite data for volcanic crisis real-time monitoring.
The development and education of a workforce in childhood cancer services in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Cayrol Julie , Ilbawi André , Sullivan Michael , Gray Amy
Published: August 2022

Background

An estimated 400,000 children develop cancer worldwide. Of those, 90% occur in low- and middle-income countries, where survival rates can be as low as 30%. To reduce the childhood cancer survival gap between high- and low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), the World Health Organization launched the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer in 2018, to support governments in building sustainable childhood cancer programs, with the aim to increase access and quality of care for children with cancer. Developing a high-quality and trained workforce is key to the success of childhood cancer services, but more information is needed on the interventions used to develop and train a workforce. The objective of this review is to understand the key factors described in the literature in relation to the development and training of a workforce in childhood cancer (defined here as ages 0–19) in LMIC, including challenges, interventions and their outcomes.

Methods

We will include sources of evidence that describe the development or training of a childhood cancer workforce in health services that diagnose, refer or treat children and adolescents with cancer, in low- and middle-income countries as defined by the World Bank. The following databases will be searched: OVID Medline, Embase and Pubmed from 2001 to present with no restriction of language. Grey literature searches will also be performed in Proquest Dissertation and Theses, as well as relevant organizations’ websites, and conference proceedings will be searched in conference websites. In addition, references lists will be reviewed manually. Two people will screen abstracts and full-texts and extract data. Data will be presented in a table or chart, with an accompanying narrative summary responding to the review questions. A framework synthesis will be conducted: data will be charted against a framework adapted from the 2016 WHO Global Strategy for Human Resources for Heath: Workforce 2030.

Discussion

This scoping review will allow to map the existing literature on workforce development in LMIC, identify potential interventions and highlight data and knowledge gaps. This constitutes a first step towards adopting successful strategies more broadly, formulating research priorities and developing effective policies and interventions.

Systematic review registration

Open Science Framework osf.io/3mp7n
Overview of systematic reviews of health interventions that aim to prevent and treat overweight and obesity among children
Authors: Denova-Gutiérrez Edgar , Méndez-Sánchez Lucía , Araiza-Nava Berenice , González-Rocha Alejandra , Shamah Teresa , Bonvechio Anabelle , Barquera Simón , Rivera Juan
Published: August 2022

Background

Childhood overweight and obesity is a global public health issue. Although there is evidence of a reduced prevalence in some countries, there is still much controversy about the efficacy of health interventions that aim to prevent and treat obesity in this specific population. The objective of the present study is to develop an overview of systematic reviews (OSRs) that assesses the effects of school-based, family, and multi-component health interventions for the prevention and treatment of obesity, change in physical activity, dietary, and/or hydration behaviors, and change in metabolic risk factors in school-aged children.

Methods

This protocol was developed using the methodology proposed by Cochrane. It outlines a comprehensive search in 12 electronic databases to identify systematic reviews of health interventions, including studies that evaluate and how to prevent and/or treat overweight and/or obesity in children aged 6 to 12 years. The risk of bias of the included Systematic Reviews will be assessed with the ROBIS tool.

Discussion

Since the OSRs methodology’s purpose is only to harmonize evidence from open access publications, ethical consent is not necessary for the present protocol. In terms of diffusion, a paper will be submitted for publication in a scientific journal to describe the main results obtained through the OSRs.

Trial registration

The present overview of the systematic review protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (ID number 218296).
Anomaly detection in microservice environments using distributed tracing data analysis and NLP
Authors: Kohyarnejadfard Iman , Aloise Daniel , Azhari Seyed Vahid , Dagenais Michel R.
Published: August 2022

In recent years DevOps and agile approaches like microservice architectures and Continuous Integration have become extremely popular given the increasing need for flexible and scalable solutions. However, several factors such as their distribution in the network, the use of different technologies, their short life, etc. make microservices prone to the occurrence of anomalous system behaviours. In addition, due to the high degree of complexity of small services, it is difficult to adequately monitor the security and behavior of microservice environments. In this work, we propose an NLP (natural language processing) based approach to detect performance anomalies in spans during a given trace, besides locating release-over-release regressions. Notably, the whole system needs no prior knowledge, which facilitates the collection of training data. Our proposed approach benefits from distributed tracing data to collect sequences of events that happened during spans. Extensive experiments on real datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieved an F_score of 0.9759. The results also reveal that in addition to the ability to detect anomalies and release-over-release regressions, our proposed approach speeds up root cause analysis by means of implemented visualization tools in Trace Compass.
A qualitative study examining the impact of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) carriage on the daily lives of carriers and parents of carriers with experiences of hospital precautionary measures
Authors: Baron Ruth , Eilers Renske , Haverkate Manon R. , Feenstra Sabiena G. , Timen Aura
Published: August 2022

Background

Multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) carriage may have an adverse impact on the quality of life of carriers, in particular those who have experienced hospital precautionary measures. This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of how MDRO carriage has affected the daily lives of carriers with these experiences.

Methods

This was a qualitative study based on 15 semi-structured interviews with MDRO carriers or parents of carriers, which were analysed by thematic analysis.

Results

Three main themes were identified: (1) Feeling dirty and unworthy portrays the feelings that MDRO carriers often expressed and how these were related to the language usage describing the MDRO, the perceived avoidance by staff and those in their personal networks, and the effects of the precautionary measures implemented in the hospital. (2) MDROs are invisible, but impact is visible covers how the microbe, despite its apparent invisibility, still impacted carriers in their physical and psychological health. MDRO carriage disrupted their lives, by affecting their other unrelated medical conditions at times and by causing varying levels of fear for their own and others’ health. (3) Carrying the burden on one’s own shoulders describes the lingering questions, uncertainties and confusion that carriers continued to live with and the perceived burden and responsibility that lay on their own shoulders with respect to carrying and preventing the transmission of the MDRO.

Conclusions

MDRO carriage can negatively influence the quality of people’s lives in various ways. Improved support and sensitivity from health care providers (HCPs) are needed to address feelings of unworthiness among MDRO carriers and the fears that many experience. Clearer information and guidelines are also needed from HCPs to address the many questions and uncertainties that MDRO carriers face outside of the hospital in their daily lives.
ARDS associated acute brain injury: from the lung to the brain
Authors: Ziaka Mairi , Exadaktylos Aristomenis
Published: August 2022

A complex interrelation between lung and brain in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) has been established by experimental and clinical studies during the last decades. Although, acute brain injury represents one of the most common insufficiencies in patients with ALI and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the underlying pathophysiology of the observed crosstalk remains poorly understood due to its complexity. Specifically, it involves numerous pathophysiological parameters such as hypoxemia, neurological adverse events of lung protective ventilation, hypotension, disruption of the BBB, and neuroinflammation in such a manner that the brain of ARDS patients—especially hippocampus—becomes very vulnerable to develop secondary lung-mediated acute brain injury. A protective ventilator strategy could reduce or even minimize further systemic release of inflammatory mediators and thus maintain brain homeostasis. On the other hand, mechanical ventilation with low tidal volumes may lead to self-inflicted lung injury, hypercapnia and subsequent cerebral vasodilatation, increased cerebral blood flow, and intracranial hypertension. Therefore, by describing the pathophysiology of ARDS-associated acute brain injury we aim to highlight and discuss the possible influence of mechanical ventilation on ALI-associated acute brain injury.
Active acoustic telemetry reveals ontogenetic habitat-related variations in the coastal movement ecology of the white shark
Authors: Gennari E. , Irion D. T. , Cowley P. D.
Published: August 2022

Background

Little is known about the fine-scale behavioural choices white sharks make. The assessment of movement at high spatio-temporal resolution can improve our understanding of behavioural patterns. Active acoustic telemetry was used along a coastal seascape of South Africa to investigate the movement-patterns of 19 white sharks tracked for 877 h within habitats known to host different prey types.

Results

A three-state hidden Markov model showed higher ontogenetic variability in the movements of white sharks around estuary-related coastal reef systems compared to around a pinniped colony. Our results further suggest white sharks (1) use the same searching strategy in areas where either pinnipeds or fishes are present; (2) occupy sub-tidal reef habitats possibly for either conserving energy or recovering energy spent hunting, and (3) travel directly between the other two states.

Conclusions

White sharks appear not to simply roam coastal habitats, but rather adopt specific temporally optimized behaviours associated with distinct habitat features. The related behaviours are likely the result of a balance among ontogenetic experience, trophic niche, and energetics, aimed at maximizing the use of temporally and spatially heterogeneous environments and resources. The possible implications for the future conservation of white sharks in coastal areas are discussed, with particular attention to South Africa’s present conservation and management challenges.
The Japanese version of the Material Values Scale: construct assessment and relationship with age, personality, and subjective well-being
Authors: Ohno Hiroshi , Lee Kyung-Tae , Maeno Takashi
Published: August 2022

Background

Materialism indicates the extent to which an individual’s life is focused on consumerism, or the acquisition of money and possessions. The Material Values Scale (MVS), comprising the factors “success,” “centrality,” and “happiness,” is a well-known rating scale for materialism. However, a Japanese version of the materialism scale has not yet been established, and the details of the factors and effects related to materialism have not yet been clarified in Japan. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the Japanese version of the MVS (J-MVS).

Methods

We developed the translated J-MVS using a back-translation process. To validate and evaluate the scale based on an online survey, we recruited 500 people, with 100 participants (50 men, 50 women) in five age groups, from 20 to 69 years. We compared and evaluated several factor structure models based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. To evaluate the external criterion-referenced validity of the developed J-MVS scale, we examined the relationship between age, personality, and well-being, which have shown stable relationships with materialism in previous studies.

Results

We developed two six-item dual-factor models. Both models showed significant positive correlations with social comparison orientation and neuroticism, and had significant negative correlations with various subjective well-being indices, suggesting sufficient external criterion-referenced validity. The J-MVS comprising six positive-worded items (J-MVS-P6; without any reverse-worded items) showed a higher correlation with other indicators than the version comprising six items representing all item types and was considered to have higher external criterion-referenced validity.

Conclusions

We propose the J-MVS-P6 for use as a materialism scale in Japan. Compared with the findings from other countries, materialism in Japan may be more closely related to subjective well-being. This scale may be used to examine the effectiveness of various intervention methods for improving individuals’ happiness, based on changes in factors closely related to materialism in Japan.
Phenological drivers of ungulate migration in South America: characterizing the movement and seasonal habitat use of guanacos
Authors: Candino Malena , Donadio Emiliano , Pauli Jonathan N.
Published: August 2022

Background

Migration is a widespread strategy among ungulates to cope with seasonality. Phenology, especially in seasonally snow-covered landscapes featuring “white waves” of snow accumulation and “green waves” of plant green-up, is a phenomenon that many migratory ungulates navigate. Guanacos (Lama guanicoe) are native camelids to South America and might be the last ungulate in South America that migrates. However, a detailed description of guanacos´ migratory attributes, including whether they surf or jump phenological waves is lacking.

Methods

We quantified the migratory movements of 21 adult guanacos over three years in Patagonia, Argentina. We analyzed annual movement patterns using net squared displacement (NSD) and home range overlap and quantified snow and vegetation phenology via remotely sensed products.

Results

We found that 74% of the individual guanacos exhibited altitudinal migrations. For migratory guanacos, we observed fidelity of migratory ranges and residence time, but flexibility around migration propensity, timing, and duration of migration. The scarce vegetation and arid conditions within our study area seemed to prevent guanacos from surfing green waves; instead, guanacos appeared to avoid white waves.

Conclusion

Our study shows that guanaco elevational migration is driven by a combination of vegetation availability and snow cover, reveals behavioral plasticity of their migration, and highlights the importance of snow phenology as a driver of ungulate migrations.
Construction of an Escherichia coli cell factory to synthesize taxadien-5α-ol, the key precursor of anti-cancer drug paclitaxel
Authors: Wu Qing-Yang , Huang Zheng-Yu , Wang Jin-Yi , Yu Hui-Lei , Xu Jian-He
Published: August 2022

Paclitaxel (Taxol™), an alkaloid of diterpenoid family, is one of the most widely used anti-cancer drugs due to its effectiveness against a variety of tumors. Rather than directly extraction and chemical synthesis of paclitaxel or its intermediates from yew plants, construction of a microbial cell factory for paclitaxel biosynthesis will be more efficient and sustainable. The challenge for biosynthesis of paclitaxel lies on the insufficient precursor, such as taxadien-5α-ol. In this study, we report a recombinant Escherichia coli strain constructed with a heterologous mevalonate pathway, a taxadiene synthase from yew, and a cytochrome P450-mediated oxygenation system for the de novo production of taxadien-5α-ol, the first product of the multi-step taxadiene oxygenation metabolism. The key enzymes including taxadiene synthases and cytochrome P450 reductases were screened, and the linker for fusing taxadiene-5α-hydroxylase with its reductase partner cytochrome P450 reductase was optimized. By reducing the metabolic burden and optimizing the fermentation conditions, the final production of total oxygenated taxanes was raised up to 27 mg L−1 in a 50-mL flask cultivation, of which the yield of taxadien-5α-ol was 7.0 mg L−1, representing approximately a 12-fold and 23-fold improvements, respectively, as compared with the initial titers. The engineered MVA pathway for the overproduction of terpenoid precursors can serve as an efficient platform for the production of other valuable terpenoids.

Graphical Abstract
Evaluating a web-based computer-tailored physical activity intervention for those living with and beyond lung cancer (ExerciseGuide UK): protocol for a single group feasibility and acceptability study
Authors: Curry Jordan , Lind Michael , Short Camille E. , Vandelanotte Corneel , Evans Holly E. L. , Pearson Mark , Forbes Cynthia C.
Published: August 2022

Background

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Physical activity and exercise provide unequivocal benefits to those living with and beyond lung cancer. However, few of those living with and beyond cancer meet the national physical activity guidelines. Various barriers exist for this population’s engagement in physical activity and exercise, such as the lack of knowledge and lack of tailored information, little access to exercise specialists, fatigue, and mobility challenges. Digitally delivered programmes have the potential to address several of these barriers, with techniques like “computer-tailoring” available to enable the delivery of tailored content at a time and place that is convenient. However, evaluation of such programmes is needed prior to implementation. This protocol describes a single group study that will examine the feasibility and acceptability of an online tool (ExerciseGuide UK) that provides those living with and beyond lung cancer web-based computer-tailored physical activity prescription and modules underpinned by behaviour change theories.

Methods

Thirty-five individuals diagnosed with lung cancer, or cancer affecting the lung (e.g. pleural mesothelioma), will be recruited into a single-intervention arm. The platform will provide tailored resources and a personalised physical activity programme using IF-THEN algorithms. Exercise prescription will be tailored on factors such as self-reported specific pain location, exercise history, and current physical fitness. In addition, modules grounded in behaviour change will supplement the physical activity programme and will focus on topics such as exercise benefits, safety, goal setting, and tracking. The primary outcome will be assessed using pre-established criteria on feasibility and mixed-methods approach for acceptability.

Secondary outcomes will explore changes in the physical activity, quality of life, anxiety, and depression.

Discussion

This manuscript describes the protocol for a study examining the feasibility and acceptability of a web-based computer-tailored physical activity intervention for those living with and beyond lung cancer. The publication of this protocol aims to increase the transparency of the methods, report pre-determined criteria, and aid replication of the study and associated materials. If feasible and acceptable, this intervention will inform future studies of digital-based interventions.

Trail registration

ClinicalTrails.gov, NCT05121259. Registered on November 16, 2021.
A novel molecular subtypes and risk model based on inflammatory response-related lncrnas for bladder cancer
Authors: Tang Fucai , Zhang Jiahao , Lu Zechao , Liao Haiqin , Hu Chuxian , Mai Yuexue , Lai Yongchang , Lu Zeguang , Tang Zhicheng , Li Zhibiao , He Zhaohui
Published: August 2022

Background

Inflammation and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are gradually becoming important in the development of bladder cancer (BC). Nevertheless, the potential of inflammatory response-related lncRNAs (IRRlncRNAs) as a prognostic signature remains unexplored in BC.

Methods

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) provided RNA expression profiles and clinical information of BC samples, and GSEA Molecular Signatures database provided 1171 inflammation-related genes. IRRlncRNAs were identified using Pearson correlation analysis. After that, consensus clustering was performed to form molecular subtypes. After performing least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression analyses, a risk model constructed based on the prognostic IRRlncRNAs was validated in an independent cohort. Kaplan–Meier (KM) analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression, clinical stratification analysis, and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to assess clinical effectiveness and accuracy of the risk model. In clusters and risk model, functional enrichment was investigated using GSEA and GSVA, and immune cell infiltration analysis was demonstrated by ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT analysis.

Results

A total of 174 prognostic IRRlncRNAs were confirmed, and 406 samples were divided into 2 clusters, with cluster 2 having a significantly inferior prognosis. Moreover, cluster 2 exhibited a higher ESTIMATE score, immune infiltration, and PD-L1 expression, with close relationships with the inflammatory response. Further, 12 IRRlncRNAs were identified and applied to construct the risk model and divide BC samples into low-risk and high-risk groups successfully. KM, ROC, and clinical stratification analysis demonstrated that the risk model performed well in predicting prognosis. The risk score was identified as an independently significant indicator, enriched in immune, cell cycle, and apoptosis-related pathways, and correlated with 9 immune cells.

Conclusion

We developed an inflammatory response-related subtypes and steady prognostic risk model based on 12 IRRlncRNAs, which was valuable for individual prognostic prediction and stratification and outfitted new insight into inflammatory response in BC.
Does swab type matter? Comparing methods for Mannheimia haemolytica recovery and upper respiratory microbiome characterization in feedlot cattle
Authors: Crosby William B. , Pinnell Lee J. , Richeson John T. , Wolfe Cory , Castle Jake , Loy John Dustin , Gow Sheryl P. , Seo Keun Seok , Capik Sarah F. , Woolums Amelia R. , Morley Paul S.
Published: August 2022

Background

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is caused by interactions among host, environment, and pathogens. One standard method for antemortem pathogen identification in cattle with BRD is deep-guarded nasopharyngeal swabbing, which is challenging, costly, and waste generating. The objective was to compare the ability to recover Mannheimia haemolytica and compare microbial community structure using 29.5 inch (74.9 cm) deep-guarded nasopharyngeal swabs, 16 inch (40.6 cm) unguarded proctology swabs, or 6 inch (15.2 cm) unguarded nasal swabs when characterized using culture, real time-qPCR, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Samples for aerobic culture, qPCR, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were collected from the upper respiratory tract of cattle 2 weeks after feedlot arrival.

Results

There was high concordance of culture and qPCR results for all swab types (results for 77% and 81% of sampled animals completely across all 3 swab types for culture and qPCR respectively). Microbial communities were highly similar among samples collected with different swab types, and differences identified relative to treatment for BRD were also similar. Positive qPCR results for M. haemolytica were highly concordant (81% agreed completely), but samples collected by deep-guarded swabbing had lower amounts of Mh DNA identified (Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance on ranks, P < 0.05; Dunn-test for pairwise comparison with Benjamini–Hochberg correction, P < 0.05) and lower frequency of positive compared to nasal and proctology swabs (McNemar’s Chi-square test, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Though differences existed among different types of swabs collected from individual cattle, nasal swabs and proctology swabs offer comparable results to deep-guarded nasopharyngeal swabs when identifying and characterizing M. haemolytica by culture, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and qPCR.
What is the best prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism in Asians following total knee arthroplasty? A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Wong Soon Yaw Walter , Ler Fen Li Stephanie , Sultana Rehena , Bin Abd Razak Hamid Rahmatullah
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Asians have a low venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This systematic review and network meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the best prophylaxis against VTE in Asians following total knee arthroplasty in current literature.

Materials and Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, Embase and CINAHL was conducted in adherence with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Prophylaxis types were separated into low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), novel oral anti-coagulants (NOAC), mechanical-only prophylaxis (MOP) and no prophylaxis (NP). The primary outcome was VTE incidence, grouped according to diagnosis modality (ultrasound, venography, clinical). The secondary outcome was bleeding incidence, grouped into minor and major bleeding.

Results

Fourteen eligible articles, totalling 4259 patients, were pooled with the following significant results: NOACs had lower venography-diagnosed VTE incidence than LMWH (12.77%, p = 0.02) and NP (20.64, p < 0.001). MOP had lower venography-diagnosed VTE incidence than LMWH (23.72%, p < 0.001), NOACs (10.95%, p < 0.001) and NP (31.59%, p < 0.001) but, interestingly, a statistically higher ultrasound-diagnosed VTE incidence than LMWH (6.56%, p = 0.024) and NP (4.88%, p = 0.026). No significant differences were observed between prophylaxis types for symptomatic VTE, pulmonary embolism (PE) or death. LMWH and NOACs had a higher minor bleeding incidence than NP (11.71%, p < 0.001 and 6.33%, p < 0.02, respectively). No significant differences were observed between prophylaxis types for major bleeding incidence.

Conclusion

NOACs are a superior form of chemoprophylaxis, compared with LMWH, in reducing venography-diagnosed VTE incidence with no added bleeding incidence. However, routine chemoprophylaxis may not be required as LMWH and NOACs do not appear to reduce symptomatic VTE incidence compared with MOP and NP with an increased minor bleeding incidence. Mechanical prophylaxis in the form of graduated compression stockings or intermittent pneumatic compression should be routinely considered with significantly lower rates of venography-diagnosed VTE compared with NP. On the basis of current evidence, we recommend an individualised approach to select the most appropriate prophylaxis type.
Ochrobactrum anthropi – An Emerging Opportunistic Pathogen in Musculoskeletal Disorders – A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Jeyaraman Madhan , Muthu Sathish , Sarangan Prasanna , Jeyaraman Naveen , Packkyarathinam Rathinavelpandian Perunchezhian
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Ochrobactrum anthropi is an opportunistic and rare human pathogen, which is seen widely in the environment. O. anthropi infections have been reported in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. There is no proper consensus on the diagnosis and management of O. anthropi related infections. Case Report: We report a case of O. anthropi related left shoulder pyomyositis with distal clavicular and acromion osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent individual with an elaborative diagnostic and treatment algorithm for its effective management. Conclusion: A comprehensive management strategy with a combination of implant removal (if present) with extensive surgical debridement of bone and soft tissue and intravenous antibiotics results in successful eradication of O. anthropi infection.
Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration Following Misplaced SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Moya Daniel , Gómez Diego , Patiño Paul , Altamirano Nicolas Nohad , Balzarini Marcela , Freitag Karin
Published: August 2022

Introduction: To confront the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a large share of the population must be immunized. Intramuscular vaccination of the shoulder is the preferred technique as it is easily exposed and guarantees a good immune reaction. Local side effects, such as pain and swelling, are common after deltoid inoculation. They usually resolve within 3 days. Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA) should be considered if the symptoms persist. The aim of this presentation is to describe a typical case of SIRVA after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and provide information to the general orthopedic surgeon to properly diagnose, report, and treat these cases. Case Report: To confront the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a large share of the population must be immunized. Intramuscular vaccination of the shoulder is the preferred technique as it is easily exposed and guarantees a good immune reaction. Local side effects, such as pain and swelling, are common after deltoid inoculation. They usually resolve within 3 days. Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA) should be considered if the symptoms persist. The aim of this presentation is to describe a typical case of SIRVA after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and provide information to the general orthopedic surgeon to properly diagnose, report, and treat these cases. Conclusion: SIRVA cases may occur and should be suspected in all individuals without a history of shoulder symptoms or dysfunction who experience sudden pain and reduced ROM following deltoid muscle vaccination. Treatment must be initiated early with corticosteroids and rehabilitation. The low probability of this complication does not outweigh the advantages of vaccination.
Surgical Dislocation of the Hip through Lateral Approach for the Treatment of Synovial Chondromatosis
Authors: Parikh Sarthak , Hunter Mitchell , Heidemann Eric , Forro Stephen , Davis TY , Corces Arturo
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Synovial chondromatosis is a condition where the cells lining a joint form benign cartilaginous tumors. This benign cartilage metaplasia results in the formation of multiple intra-articular loose bodies within a joint. Case Report: This case is a 59-year-old female that presented with constant, severe left hip pain that was localized to the groin and began 2 years ago. There were severe limitation of hip flexion, extension, pain on internal rotation, and a half inch left leg shortening. Radiographs demonstrated multiple round opacities surrounding the left femoral neck. MRI showed numerous, small rounded intra-articular loose bodies, measuring about 5–6 mm each within the left hip joint. Surgical Technique: A lateral approach toward the hip was used to perform an osteotomy at the portion of the greater trochanter. The hip capsule was identified and an S-shaped incision was then made through the capsule. Repetitive hip dislocations allowed for improved visualization making further removal of the difficult fragments much easier. The capsule was closed and the osteotomy was reattached. Range of motion was found to be significantly improved compared to preoperatively. No further fixation was necessary and the patient’s subcutaneous tissue was closed in normal fashion. Conclusion: The technique used in our case involves a lateral approach with a trochanteric flip osteotomy to preserve the medial femoral circumflex artery and external rotators. This is similar to the approach described by Ganz in 2001 who used a posterior approach. Following the approach, the hip is then dislocated and exposed anteriorly with full visualization of the joint with a gap of about 11 cm between the femoral head and acetabulum. Surgical dislocation allows for the removal of difficult chondromas and osteophytes around the femoral head-and-neck junction. Multiple studies support the idea of surgical dislocation as an exceptional treatment method for SC.
Valgus Deformity and Posterolateral Instability after Elbow Dislocation in a Pediatric Patient- Case Report
Authors: Gerardo Gallucci , Gonzalo Altube , Ignacio Rellan , Jorge Boretto , Pablo De Carli
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The aim of this paper is to report a rare case of a child who suffered a simple elbow dislocation (SED) that developed a post-traumatic valgus deformity and a subsequent posterolateral elbow instability. Case Report: We report a case of a female patient who suffered a posterolateral SED of her elbow at the age of 12. She was treated with closed reduction and over the years, she developed an asymptomatic valgus deformity. At the age of 16, she suffered a fall trauma while playing field hockey with a re-dislocation of the elbow. Since then, she presented multiple episodes of subluxation. A supracondylar subtractive wedge osteotomy of 20° and double plate osteosynthesis was performed with reconstruction of the ulnar lateral collateral ligament. Conclusion: The focus of this article must be on the unusual occurrence of this sequence of conditions. SED is rare in children and generally associated with medial epicondyle fractures. The occurrence of a valgus deformity resulting from an injury to the periosteum can be present and must be taken into account. Posterolateral instability is rare in the context of a valgus elbow. Angular correction osteotomy and ligament reconstruction can be associated with good functional and aesthetic results.
Strength Measurements and Results of Surgical Treatment of Complete Rectus Femoris Mid-substance Rupture: A Case Report
Authors: Kartio Anna A , Jokela Aleksi M , Valle Xavier , Pruna Ricard , Mäkelä Keijo , Lempainen Lasse L
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Rectus femoris injuries are common in sports requiring sprinting and kicking, especially in football. In addition to sports injuries, rectus femoris injuries can occur during physically active daily living and physical work. Most muscle injuries heal well by conservative treatment, but more severe ruptures often require surgical treatment, especially in athletes. Some ruptures can cause so severe functional loss of the muscle that it causes problems also in everyday life. Complete rectus femoris mid-substance rupture is a rare injury type, which tends to recover poorly and cause significant functional deficit. Descriptions of this injury type are mainly lacking in the literature and there is no consensus on the management of these injuries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this kind in the literature including strength measurements pre- and post-operatively. Case Report: We report a case of a 48-year-old Caucasian man who suffered a complete rectus femoris mid-substance rupture at physically active work. The injury mechanism was slipping on an asphalt ramp, leading to rapid eccentric contraction of rectus femoris involving knee flexion and hip extension. The rupture was treated surgically and the muscle strength of quadriceps femoris was measured pre- and postoperatively. Conclusion: This case report showed that muscle strength in knee extension recovers well after an operative treatment of complete rectus femoris mid-substance rupture. Therefore, it can be concluded that operative treatment is beneficial for this specific injury type. This case report brings important and objective evidence on the relevance of surgical treatment in these injuries that are mainly lacking the consensus about the best treatment methods. To the best of our knowledge, this case report is also the first one which indirectly shows the value of isolated rectus femoris muscle in the whole quadriceps muscle group.
Unnecessary Cervical Discectomy – A simple test to differentiate between Cervical and Shoulder Pathology: A Case Report
Authors: Ampat George , Sims Jonathan M G , Rhodes Samantha J , Ali Mohammed
Published: August 2022

Background: Diagnostic dilemma exists in differentiating between neck and shoulder pathology, as both can give a rise to shoulder and arm symptoms. In addition, the hypersensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans may wrongly highlight non-clinically significant changes as potential targets for surgical intervention. The arm- squeeze test is a recognised recognized method used to help differentiate pathology arising from the shoulder or the neck. Performing this test preoperatively may prevent needless surgical intervention when diagnostic difficulties exist, even when MRI scans are not helpful. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 41-year-old male who initially presented with numbness and pins and needles in both arms. Following clinical review and an MRI scan of the cervical spine, the patient underwent an Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion. Unfortunately, there was no relief of symptoms following surgery. A post- operative clinical review identified the shoulder as a potential cause of the symptoms. Conclusion: The arm- squeeze test is not popular and is not routinely used in shoulder and cervical spine examinations. However, it is recommended by National Institute for health and care excellence to help differentiate between neck and shoulder pathology, and, hence, dissemination of this information is vital.
Diagnosis of Intraosseous Hibernoma of an Appendicular Skeleton in an Adult – A Rare Case Report
Authors: Srinivasan Smruti , Rai Abhishek Kumar , Rahman Syed Hifzur , Hadole Bhushan Sunil , Bandebuche Ajinkya Ramesh , Prabhu Rudra Mangesh
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Hibernoma is an uncommon benign tumor composed of multivacuolated brown adipocytes described in the literature a decade back. Intraosseous hibernomas are extremely rare with propensity to affect axial skeleton. Involvement of appendicular skeleton has been reported only twice in the literature till date. Case Report: We present a case of solitary, painless mass in the left proximal tibia mimicking neoplasm in a 35-year-old male. The plain radiographs revealed a lytic lesion with well-defined margin at the junction of metaphyseal-diaphyseal region of the left proximal tibia. The lesion was hyperintense on T2 and hypointense on T1 with heterogenous enhancement on contrast imaging. FDG-PET showed high uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of multivacuolated cytoplasm with abundant mitochondria suggestive of hibernoma. On immunohistochemistry, the cells were positive for S-100. Conclusion: The findings of imaging modalities are non-specific and histopathological examination is required to confirm the diagnosis of hibernoma. Intraosseous hibernoma needs to be considered as a differential diagnosis of sclerotic bone lesion. Further, evaluation with regular follow-up with imaging will be required if the mass undergoes any clinical changes. Both radiologists and pathologists, need to be aware of this rare entity to avoid misdiagnosis of the uncommon lesion.
Acute Management of Combined Floating Hip and Knee Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Doe Keli , Satalich James , Perdue Paul
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Surgical management of isolated acetabular fracture dislocations, femoral shaft fractures, and tibial shaft fractures are well-documented, but there is limited literature on the acute management of these injuries when they occur concomitantly in the same patient on the ipsilateral extremity. We present a case of the acute treatment of a 33-year-old patient with a right ipsilateral floating hip and knee injury secondary to a motor vehicle accident. We offer a unique surgical technique for the urgent management of this rare combined injury. Case Presentation: A 33-year-old female presented to our trauma center with an ipsilateral acute posterior wall fracture dislocation, femoral head impaction fracture, femoral shaft fracture, and tibial shaft fracture. After a failed hip reduction attempt in the emergency department, she was urgently brought to the operating room for further management. She underwent percutaneous-assisted schanz pin reduction of the hip, intramedullary nail fixation of the femur and tibia, and dynamic fluoroscopic examination of the hip under anesthesia. Conclusion: Successful management of the rare combined floating hip and knee injury requires urgent intervention. The reduction of the hip dislocation is difficult due to the associated injuries. We recommend urgent surgical intervention and the utilization of a percutaneous schanz pin in the proximal femur with gentle manipulation. In most cases, this can effectively reduce the hip without a formal open approach.