bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case Report of a 5-Year-Old With Epiglottitis
Authors: Kasem Amanda J.
Published: December 2017

Epiglottitis is a rarely encountered infection in pediatrics since the advent of the conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine first introduced in the United States in 1985. However, the disease remains a much feared infection in pediatrics. The literature reiterates the importance of early recognition, avoidance of agitating the patient, and the need for securing the airway in the operating room as key and essential features to a good outcome. However, with only 1 case per 200,000 children reported in the United States in 2006, most practitioners have never encountered this infection. The following is a case of a previously healthy and immunized child who presented to our emergency department and whose condition was ultimately diagnosed as epiglottitis.
How Is Patient Safety Understood by Healthcare Professionals? The Case of Bhutan
Authors: Pelzang Rinchen , Hutchinson Alison M.
Published: December 2017

Objective

The aim of the study was to explore how the term patient safety is understood by healthcare professionals (nurses, educators, doctors, ward managers, senior managers, and health assistants), all of whom are responsible for promoting the patient safety agenda in the Bhutanese healthcare system.

Methods

The study was conducted as a naturalistic inquiry using qualitative exploratory descriptive inquiry. A purposeful sample of 94 healthcare professionals and managers was recruited from three different hospitals, a training institute, and the Ministry of Health. Data were collected via in-depth individual interviews. All data were subsequently analyzed using thematic analysis strategies.

Results

Data analysis revealed variation in the understanding of patient safety among healthcare professionals. Although most participants understood patient safety as fundamentally concerning “doing no harm” or “reducing the risk of harm or injuries” to patients, some understood patient safety as simply having sturdy infrastructure/buildings with sufficient space to manage public health emergencies such as earthquakes, floods, and epidemics. Some confused patient safety with quality of care and patient rights.

Conclusions

Inadequate understanding of the term patient safety has potential to hinder improvement of patient safety processes and practices in the Bhutanese healthcare system. To improve patient safety in Bhutan’s healthcare system, patient safety training and education need to be provided to all categories of healthcare professionals.
Wave height estimates from pressure and velocity data at an intermediate depth in the presence of uniform currents
Authors: Basu Biswajit
Published: December 2017

Bounds on estimates of wave heights (valid for large amplitudes) from pressure and flow measurements at an arbitrary intermediate depth have been provided. Two-dimensional irrotational steady water waves over a flat bed with a finite depth in the presence of underlying uniform currents have been considered in the analysis. Five different upper bounds based on a combination of pressure and velocity field measurements have been derived, though there is only one available lower bound on the wave height in the case of the speed of current greater than or less than the wave speed.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear water waves’.
Hamiltonian models for the propagation of irrotational surface gravity waves over a variable bottom
Authors: Compelli A. , Ivanov R. , Todorov M.
Published: December 2017

A single incompressible, inviscid, irrotational fluid medium bounded by a free surface and varying bottom is considered. The Hamiltonian of the system is expressed in terms of the so-called Dirichlet–Neumann operators. The equations for the surface waves are presented in Hamiltonian form. Specific scaling of the variables is selected which leads to approximations of Boussinesq and Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) types, taking into account the effect of the slowly varying bottom. The arising KdV equation with variable coefficients is studied numerically when the initial condition is in the form of the one-soliton solution for the initial depth.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear water waves’.
Application of the ideas and techniques of classical fluid mechanics to some problems in physical oceanography
Authors: Johnson R. S.
Published: December 2017

This review makes a case for describing many of the flows observed in our oceans, simply based on the Euler equation, with (piecewise) constant density and with suitable boundary conditions. The analyses start from the Euler and mass conservation equations, expressed in a rotating, spherical coordinate system (but the
f
-plane and
β
-plane approximations are also mentioned); five examples are discussed. For three of them, a suitable non-dimensionalization is introduced, and a single small parameter is identified in each case. These three examples lead straightforwardly and directly to new results for: waves on the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) with a thermocline (in the
f
-plane); a nonlinear, three-dimensional model for EUC-type flows (in the
β
-plane); and a detailed model for large gyres. The other two examples are exact solutions of the complete system: a flow which corresponds to the underlying structure of the Pacific EUC; and a flow based on the necessary requirement to use a non-conservative body force, which produces the type of flow observed in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. (All these examples have been discussed in detail in the references cited.) This review concludes with a few comments on how these solutions can be extended and expanded.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear water waves’.
Analytical approximation and numerical simulations for periodic travelling water waves
Authors: Kalimeris Konstantinos
Published: December 2017

We present recent analytical and numerical results for two-dimensional periodic travelling water waves with constant vorticity. The analytical approach is based on novel asymptotic expansions. We obtain numerical results in two different ways: the first is based on the solution of a constrained optimization problem, and the second is realized as a numerical continuation algorithm. Both methods are applied on some examples of non-constant vorticity.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear water waves’.
Shallow water equations for equatorial tsunami waves
Authors: Geyer Anna , Quirchmayr Ronald
Published: December 2017

We present derivations of shallow water model equations of Korteweg–de Vries and Boussinesq type for equatorial tsunami waves in the
f
-plane approximation and discuss their applicability.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear water waves’.
Evolution of statistically inhomogeneous degenerate water wave quartets
Authors: Stuhlmeier R. , Stiassnie M.
Published: December 2017

A discretized equation for the evolution of random surface wave fields on deep water is derived from Zakharov's equation, allowing for a general treatment of the stability and long-time behaviour of broad-banded sea states. It is investigated for the simple case of degenerate four-wave interaction, and the instability of statistically homogeneous states to small inhomogeneous disturbances is demonstrated. Furthermore, the long-time evolution is studied for several cases and shown to lead to a complex spatio-temporal energy distribution. The possible impact of this evolution on the statistics of freak wave occurrence is explored.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear water waves’.
Prediction of the free-surface elevation for rotational water waves using the recovery of pressure at the bed
Authors: Henry D. , Thomas G. P.
Published: December 2017

This paper considers the pressure–streamfunction relationship for a train of regular water waves propagating on a steady current, which may possess an arbitrary distribution of vorticity, in two dimensions. The application of such work is to both near shore and offshore environments, and in particular, for linear waves we provide a description of the role which the pressure function on the seabed plays in determining the free-surface profile elevation. Our approach is shown to provide a good approximation for a range of current conditions.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear water waves’.
afpCOOL: An Accurate Tool for Antifreeze Protein Detection
Authors: Eslami Morteza , Shirali-hossein-zade Ramin , Takalloo Zeinab , Mahdevar Ghasem , Emamjomeh Abbasali , Hasan Sajedi Reza , Zahiri Javad
Published: December 2017

Various cold-adapted organisms produce antifreeze proteins (AFPs), which prevent to freeze of cell fluids by resisting the growth of the ice crystal. AFPs are currently being recognized in various organisms that are living in extremely low temperatures. AFPs have several important applications in increasing freeze tolerance of plants; maintain the tissue in frozen conditions and producing cold-hardy plants using transgenic technology. Substantial differences in the sequence and structure of the AFPs, pose a challenge for researcher to identify these proteins. In this paper, we proposed a novel method for identifying AFPs using support vector machine (SVM) by incorporating 4 types of features. Results on two benchmark datasets revealed the strength of the proposed method in AFP prediction. Also, according to the results on an independent test set, our method outperformed the current state-of-the-art methods. The further analysis showed the non-satisfactory performance of the BLAST in AFP detection: more than 62% of the BLAST searches have specificity less than 10% and there is no any BLAST search with sensitivity higher than 10%. These results reveal the urgent need for an accurate tool for AFP detection. In addition, the comparison results of the discrimination power of different feature types disclosed that evolutionary features and amino acid composition are the most contributing features in AFP detection. This method has been implemented as a stand-alone tool, namely afpCOOL, for various operating systems to predict AFPs with a user friendly graphical interface.

Availability

afpCOOL is freely available at http://bioinf.modares.ac.ir:8080/AFPCOOL/page/afpcool.isp

Contact

Dr Zahiri zahiri@modares.ac.ir
Male success against con- and heterospecific competitors indicates a positive but modest role for sexual selection as driver of speciation
Authors: Davis Jeremy S. , Moyle Leonie C.
Published: December 2017

For sexual selection within species to drive the evolution of reproductive isolation between lineages, sexually selected and reproductive isolating traits must both share underlying mechanisms and operate in the same direction. While some work has been done to evaluate mechanistic overlap, fewer studies have evaluated whether intraspecific sexually-selected variation is associated with elevated reproductive isolation between species. Here we evaluate this association by assessing the relationship between male reproductive success against conspecifics versus heterospecific males at each of two different mating stages. We find that male precopulatory performance (remating success following a conspecific versus a heterospecific first mating) was not associated between conspecific and heterospecific contexts, but postcopulatory success (sperm competition against conspecific versus heterospecific males) was modestly positively correlated. We discuss two lines of evidence that suggest this modest association is due to incomplete mechanistic overlap between postcopulatory competition in conspecific and heterospecific mating contexts. This study provides an explicit test of a necessary condition for sexual selection to drive speciation, and finds that while sexual selection is not individually sufficient to explain the magnitude of reproductive isolation in this system, it could nonetheless facilitate the evolution of isolation via postcopulatory sperm competition.
Enrichment of de novo mutations in non SNP sites in autism spectrum disorders and an empirical test of the neutral DNA model
Authors: Zhang Ye , Huang Shi
Published: December 2017

The genetic basis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) remains better understood and might concern only a small fraction of the genome if the neutral theory were true. We here analyzed published de novo mutations (DNMs) in ASD and controls. We found that DNMs in normal subjects occurred at positions bearing SNPs at least 3.45 fold more frequent than expected from the neutral theory, whereas DNMs in ASD were less frequent relative to those in controls, especially so for common SNPs with minor allele frequency >0.01. Among sites bearing both SNPs and DNMs, DNMs in controls occurred significantly more frequent than DNMs in ASD at reference allele sites bearing C or G nucleotides, indicating depletion of ASD associated DNMs in known regions of hypermutability or less functional constraints such as CpG sites. We also analyzed the nucleotide compositions of DNMs and the parity (1:1 ratio) of pyrimidines and purines. We found that DNMs in ASD showed overall lower AT content than that in controls. Parity violations and AT bias in DNMs occurred at expected frequency based on chance in both ASD and controls. These results show enrichment of DNMs at positions bearing SNP sites and C or G sites in normal subjects and less so in ASD, which is not expected from the neutral model, and indicate that DNMs are on average more deleterious in ASD than in controls.
Acto-myosin driven functional nanoclusters of GPI-anchored proteins are generated by integrin receptor signaling
Authors: Kalappurakkal Joseph Mathew , Anilkumar Anupama Ambika , Patra Chandrima , van Zanten Thomas S. , Sheetz Michael P. , Mayor Satyajit
Published: December 2017

GPI-anchored protein (GPI-AP) nanoclusters are generated by cortical acto-myosin activity. While our understanding of the physical principles behind this process is emerging, the molecular machinery required for the generation of these nanoclusters is unknown. Here, we show that ligand-mediated membrane receptor signaling triggers nanocluster formation. Both soluble and surface-tethered RGD ligands bind the β1-integrin receptor and activate focal adhesion and src-kinases, resulting in RhoA signaling. This cascade ultimately triggers actin-nucleation via specific formins, driving nanoclustering of both GPI-APs and a model transmembrane protein with an actin-binding domain. Integrin signaling concurrently results in talin mediated activation of vinculin. This is necessary for the coupling of the dynamic actin machinery to the inner leaflet driving GPI-AP nanoclustering. Disruption of GPI-AP nanoclustering in either GPI-anchor remodeling mutants or in cells that express vinculin mutants, provide evidence that these nanoclusters are necessary for activating cell spreading, a hallmark of integrin function.
Measuring the net outcome of conditional mutualism: a case study with oaks and scatterhoarding rodents
Authors: Bogdziewicz Michał , Crone Elizabeth E. , Zwolak Rafał
Published: December 2017

Numerous interactions between plants and animals vary in their outcome between antagonism and mutualism, but it has proven to be difficult to quantify their final outcome. Interactions between plants and scatterhoarding animals provide a prime example of this phenomenon. Scatterhoarders consume large quantities of seeds (potentially reducing plant establishment), yet also disperse seeds and bury them in shallow caches (potentially improving recruitment). However, it has been rarely determined which role prevails for particular plant species. We demonstrate how plant-scatterhoarder interactions can be placed at the antagonism-mutualism continuum, with interactions between rodents and two oaks species (sessile oak Quercus petraea, and red oak Q. rubra) as an empirical example. Our approach consists of quantifying the net outcome of the interaction through assembling different vital rates (e.g. probability of seedling recruitment with and without rodents; near and far from conspecific trees; with and without seed pilferage) piecewise with a simple mathematical model. Our results indicate that during the period of the study, interactions between scatterhoarding rodents and both focal oaks were antagonistic. Even though acorn burial increased the likelihood of seedling establishment, this effect was not strong enough to compensate for the costs of seed predation. Furthermore, we found no evidence that the short-distance transportation that is usually provided by small mammals benefited early oak recruitment. Our study demonstrates how readily accessible field data can be used to gauge the outcomes in conditional mutualisms.
3-{(E)-[4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-ylidene]amino}-1-phenylurea: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis
Authors: Tan Ming Yueh , Crouse Karen A. , Ravoof Thahira B. S. A. , Jotani Mukesh M. , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: December 2017

Two independent molecules (AandB) comprise the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C18H21N3O3. The urea moiety is disubstituted with one amine being linked to a phenyl ring, which is twisted out of the plane of the CN2O urea core [dihedral angles = 25.57 (11) (A) and 29.13 (10)° (B)]. The second amine is connected to an imine (Econformation), which is linked in turn to an ethane bridge that links a disubstituted benzene ring. Intramolecular amine-N—H...N(imine) and hydroxyl-O—H...O(methoxy) hydrogen bonds closeS(5) loops in each case. The molecules have twisted conformations with the dihedral angles between the outer rings being 38.64 (81) (A) and 48.55 (7)° (B). In the crystal, amide-N—H...O(amide) hydrogen bonds link the moleculesAandB viaan eight-membered {...HNCO}2synthon. Further associations between molecules, leading to supramolecular layers in theacplane, are hydrogen bonds of the type hydroxyl-O—H...N(imine) and phenylamine-N—H...O(methoxy). Connections between layers, leading to a three-dimensional architecture, comprise benzene-C—H...O(hydroxy) interactions. A detailed analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces shows moleculesAandBparticipate in very similar intermolecular interactions and that any variations relate to conformational differences between the molecules.
Crystal structures of bis[4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium] tetrakis(thiocyanato-κN)manganate(II) and tris[4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium] pentakis(thiocyanato-κN)manganate(II)
Authors: Neumann Tristan , Jess Inke , Näther Christian
Published: December 2017

The crystal structures of the title salts, (C7H11N2)2[Mn(NCS)4] (1) and (C7H11N2)3[Mn(NCS)5] (2), consist of manganese(II) cations that are tetrahedrally (1) or trigonal–bipyramidally (2) coordinated to four or five terminal N-bonded thiocyanate ligands, respectively, into discrete anionic complexes. The negative charge is compensated by two (1) or three (2) 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium cations, which are protonated at the pyridine N atom. The asymmetric unit of compound1consists of one anionic complex and two 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium cations, whereas that of compound2consists of two anionic complexes and six 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium cations, all of them located in general positions. These complexes are linked by N—H...S, C—H...S and C—H...N hydrogen-bonding interactions between the 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium cations and the thiocyanate ligands into three-dimensional network structures.
1,4-Bis(4-methyl-2-nitrophenoxy)butane
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Wang Haiyan , Yu Jianhua
Published: December 2017

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C18H20N2O6, contains one-half molecule, the mid-point of the central C—C bond being located on a crystallographic inversion centre. In the crystal, weak C—H...O interactions generate a layered structure. The O atoms of the nitro group are disordered over two sets of sites with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.700 (8):0.300 (8).
Marketing mix, customer value, and customer loyalty in social commerce
Authors: Wu Ya-Ling , Li Eldon Y.
Published: December 2017

Purpose

Based on stimulus-organism-response model, the purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated model to explore the effects of six marketing-mix components (stimuli) on consumer loyalty (response) through consumer value (organism) in social commerce (SC).

Design/methodology/approach

In order to target online social buyers, a web-based survey was employed. Structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS) is used to analyze valid data from 599 consumers who have repurchase experience via Facebook.

Findings

The results from PLS analysis show that all components of SC marketing mix (SCMM) have significant effects on SC consumer value. Moreover, SC customer value positively influences SC customer loyalty (CL).

Research limitations/implications

The data for this study are collected from Facebook only and the sample size is limited; thus, replication studies are needed to improve generalizability and data representativeness of the study. Moreover, longitudinal studies are needed to verify the causality among the constructs in the proposed research model.

Practical implications

SC sellers should implement more effective SCMM strategies to foster SC CL through better SCMM decisions.

Social implications

The SCMM components represent the collective benefits of social interaction, exemplifying the importance of effective communication and interaction among SC customers.

Originality/value

This study develops a parsimonious model to explain the over-arching effects of SCMM components on CL in SC mediated by customer value. It confirms that utilitarian, hedonic, and social values can be applied to online SC and that SCMM can be leveraged to achieve these values.
Organizational capabilities and knowledge management success: a quartet of case studies
Authors: Pandey Satyendra C. , Dutta Andrew , Nayak Amar KJR
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to understand the role of organizational capabilities in knowledge management (KM) success pattern and how KM initiatives can be designed for organizational success.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors adopted a qualitative, descriptive case study research design to study the complex contextual issue of organizational capabilities and its role in KM success of information technology companies.

Findings

Findings of the study indicate that success of KM is not only bound by its processes but also by key infrastructure which can either promote or inhibit KM. To realize KM success, infrastructure capabilities have to be supported by knowledge process capabilities and vice versa.

Research limitations/implications

Future research can continue to examine organizational capabilities from the perspective of teams or business units in contrast to the organization.

Originality/value

This paper adds valuable empirical insights from Indian standpoint to the existing KM literature concerning preconditions of success and failure of KM initiatives in companies.
Could perverse incentives encourage financial services compliance and internal audit staff to ignore or engage in illegal behaviour?
Authors: Michael Bryane , Williams Mark
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand why managers, internal auditors and compliance staff (in financial firms specifically and using Malaysia as a concrete example) can want to ignore compliance-related legislation (a law on anticompetitive behaviour in this case).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors review, discuss and critique the literature on compliance and institutions in the light of existing data from Malaysia’s financial industry (literally confronting theory with data).

Findings

Legislative design can actually encourage managers and their auditors disobey/ignore the law for reasons which previous theories cannot explain.

Research limitations/implications

This research does not use the regression techniques in vogue now. The findings, nevertheless, imply that attempts to explain phenomenon in management auditing should start with the laws governing managerial activity.

Practical implications

Auditors may use the methods used in this study to assess the extent to which financial services firms’ managers have incentives to comply with laws. Similarly, this research can quantify the extent to which internal auditors in these firms have incentives to find untoward conduct.

Social implications

Poorly designed laws affecting managerial auditing derive from pre-existing social relationships, as well as help shape them (as shown using data). Identifying areas of non-compliance may actually signal deeper problems in the way businessmen and lawmakers make and enforce laws requiring compliance and self-assessment.

Originality/value

The authors know of no study looking at the economic incentives driving internal auditors’ behaviour – particularly in the area of antitrust. They show how law shapes management and auditors’ incentives, quantify these incentives and show how/why previous research fails to explain these incentives.
Social enterprises operating in the South Wales valleys: a Delphi study of persistent tensions
Authors: Samuel Anthony , White Gareth R.T. , Jones Paul , Fisher Rebecca
Published: December 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the factors that influence and collectively conspire to inhibit social enterprises’ abilities to flourish in geographies of economic and social deprivation. Drawing upon the extant literature, it deploys a Delphi study to rank the relative importance of these factors.

Design/methodology/approach

A two-round Delphi study has been used to assess the relative importance of the issues that beset social enterprises. The research panel consisted of owner-managers of nine social enterprises from South Wales (UK).

Findings

The findings indicate that the prime challenge faced by social enterprise owner-managers is balancing their dual mission. The difficulties faced in delivering social value while remaining financially viable is one that appears to impinge upon the other strategic and operational challenges they face.

Research limitations/implications

The generalizability of this study that utilizes expert insight is dependent upon the nature of the panel. In this instance, social enterprise owner-managers studied operated within a socially deprived region of the UK. The relative influence of the tensions that affect social enterprises in less impoverished areas of the UK or other geographies may well differ.

Originality/value

Drawing upon the extant literature that examines the tensions that surround social enterprises, the prevailing factors are considered and ranked of significance. The resulting ranking provides a crystallised vantage point for policy and support. This could be used to better inform the allocation of resources to facilitate a favourable eco system capable of supporting social enterprises who operate in areas troubled by economic and social deprivation.
Cyclophilin D promotes tubular cell damage and the development of interstitial fibrosis in the obstructed kidney
Authors: Hou Weiping , Leong Khai G , Ozols Elyce , Tesch Greg H , Nikolic‐Paterson David J , Ma Frank Y
Published: December 2017

Cyclophilin D (CypD) is an important component in mitochondrial‐dependent tubular cell death in acute kidney injury. However, it is not known whether CypD contributes to tubular cell damage in chronic interstitial fibrosis. We investigated this question in the unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) model of renal interstitial fibrosis. Groups of CypD−/− and wild type (WT) mice were killed 7 or 12 days after UUO surgery. The significant tubular cell apoptosis seen in WT UUO was significantly reduced in CypD−/− UUO based on TUNEL and cleaved caspase 3 staining. Other markers of tubular cell damage; loss of E‐cadherin and AQP1 expression, were also reduced in the CypD−/− UUO kidney. This reduced tubular damage was associated with less inflammation and a partial protection against loss of peritubular capillaries. The prominent accumulation of α‐SMA+ myofibroblasts and interstitial collagen deposition seen in WT UUO was significantly reduced in CypD−/− UUO on day 12, but not day 7. Activation of several pro‐fibrotic signalling pathways (p38 MAPK, JNK and Smad3) was unaltered in CypD−/− UUO, arguing that CypD acts independently to promote renal fibrosis. CypD deletion in cultured tubular cells attenuated oxidative stress‐induced pro‐inflammatory, pro‐fibrotic and apoptotic responses; however, responses to angiotensin II and LPS were unaffected. In contrast, CypD deletion in cultured renal fibroblasts did not affect PDGF‐induced proliferation or TGF‐β1‐induced collagen I expression, suggesting no direct role of CypD in the fibroblast response. In conclusion, we have identified a role for CypD in chronic tubular cell damage and in the development of renal interstitial fibrosis.
Topographies of ‘care pathways’ and ‘healthscapes’: reconsidering the multiple journeys of people with a brain tumour
Authors: Llewellyn Henry , Higgs Paul , Sampson Elizabeth L , Jones Louise , Thorne Lewis
Published: December 2017

People diagnosed with brain tumours enter new and unfamiliar worlds in which they must make complex and previously unimaginable decisions about care, treatment and how to live their lives. While decisions are increasingly based around care pathways, these are embedded in values that often fail to accord with those of patients. In this article, we examine the cases of people with a brain tumour and how they, their families and healthcare professionals navigate and intervene in the course of life‐threatening disease. We use ethnographic data (2014–16) and modified social theory to highlight: (1) patients’ interpretations of disease and care and how they might differ from dominant biomedical logics; (2) complexity and contingency in care decisions; (3) rapid and unanticipated change owing to disease and bodily change; and (4) how people find ways through a world that is continually in motion and which comes into being through the combined action of human and non‐human agencies. Our modified ‘healthscapes’ approach provides an analytic that emphasises the constant precariousness of life with a brain tumour. It helps to explain the times when patients’ feel bumped off the pathway and moments when they themselves step away to make new spaces for choice.
Review article: Best practice management of low back pain in the emergency department (part 1 of the musculoskeletal injuries rapid review series)
Authors: Strudwick Kirsten , McPhee Megan , Bell Anthony , Martin‐Khan Melinda , Russell Trevor
Published: December 2017

Low back pain (LBP) is a common presentation to the ED, and a frequent cause of disability globally. The ED management is often associated with high rates of imaging, misuse and overuse of pharmacology and subsequent financial implications. Given this, improved quality of care for patients with LBP in ED is essential. This rapid review investigated best practice for the assessment and management of LBP in the ED. PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, TRIP and the grey literature, including relevant organisational websites, were searched in 2015. Primary studies, systematic reviews and guidelines were considered for inclusion. English‐language articles published in the past 10 years that addressed acute LBP assessment, management or prognosis in the ED or acute setting were included. Data extraction of included articles was conducted, followed by quality appraisal to rate the level of evidence where possible. The search revealed 1538 articles, of which 38 were included in the review (n = 8 primary articles, n = 13 systematic reviews and n = 17 guidelines). This rapid review provides clinicians managing LBP in the ED a summary of the best available evidence to risk stratify and enhance the quality of care, optimising patient outcomes. Consistent evidence was found to support the use of ‘red flags’ to screen for serious pathologies, diagnostic tests being reserved for use only in the presence of red flags, the judicious prescribing of opioids, identification of psychosocial risk factors as predictors of poorer outcome and promotion of early return to work and function.
Taxonomy of the genus Atherigona Rondani (Diptera: Muscidae) from Korea
Authors: Suh Sang Jae , Kwon Yong Jung
Published: December 2017

The Korean shoot fly genus Atherigona Rondani is reviewed taxonomically. A total of five species was identified: A. (Acritochaeta) orientalis Schiner, A. (Atherigona) biseta Karl, A. (Atherigona) falcata (Thomson), A. (Atherigona) oryzae Malloch, and A. (Atherigona) bifurca sp. nov. Of these, A. (Atherigona) bifurca sp. nov. is new to science, and A. (Atherigona) biseta Karl and A. (Atherigona) falcata (Thomson) are reported for the first time in Korea. A key to Korean species and photographs of external features are provided.
Clinical factors are associated with vitamin D levels in IBD patients: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Schäffler Holger , Schmidt Martin , Huth Astrid , Reiner Johannes , Glass Änne , Lamprecht Georg
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE

There is growing evidence that vitamin D deficiency plays a role in the development and the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and clinical parameters in IBD is still not completely understood.

METHODS

A retrospective study of IBD patients was performed. Vitamin D values were analyzed, regardless of vitamin D substitution administration, and correlated with clinical parameters such as medical therapy, anatomical situation, location of the disease and disease activity. Level of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] <50 nmoL/L was regarded as vitamin D deficiency and <75 nmoL/L as insufficiency.

RESULTS

In total, 208 IBD patients were analyzed, including 123 with Crohn's disease (CD) and 85 with ulcerative colitis (UC). Therapy with azathioprine did not affect the vitamin D values of either disease entity. But CD patients benefited from therapy with tumor necrosis factor‐α inhibitor and exhibited significantly higher vitamin D levels than those without. Furthermore, significantly lower vitamin D levels were found if CD was located in the small bowel or if the small bowel had been resected. Moreover, significantly lower levels of vitamin D were detectable for high disease activity (reflected by high simple clinical colitis activity index values) in patients with UC.

CONCLUSIONS

Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with IBD. However, certain clinical situations lead to significantly lower vitamin D levels and may therefore require close monitoring for vitamin D deficiency.
Can Language Predict Bankruptcy? The Explanatory Power of Tone in 10‐K Filings
Authors: Lopatta Kerstin , Gloger Mario Albert , Jaeschke Reemda
Published: December 2017

We examine whether the language used in 10‐K filings reflects a firm's risk of bankruptcy. Our sample contains 424 bankrupt U.S. companies in the period 1994–2015 and we use propensity score matching to find healthy matches. Based on a logit model of failing and vital firms, our findings indicate that firms at risk of bankruptcy use significantly more negative words in their 10‐K filings than comparable vital companies. This relationship holds up until three years prior to the actual bankruptcy filing. With our investigation, we confirm the results from previous accounting and finance research. 10‐K filings contain valuable information beyond the reported financials. Additionally, we show that 10‐Ks filed in the year of a firm's collapse contain an increased number of litigious words relative to healthy businesses. This indicates that the management of failing firms is already dealing with legal issues when reporting financials prior to bankruptcy. Our results suggest that analysts ought to include the presentation of financials in their assessment of bankruptcy risk as it contains explanatory and predictive power beyond the financial ratios.
Bach Music Inc.: Impact of Price Pressure, Capacity Constraints, and a Special Order on Management Decision Making
Authors: Chu Ling , Libby Theresa , Mathieu Robert , Zhang Ping
Published: December 2017

This case has been developed for an introductory management accounting course at the undergraduate and MBA levels. Although the setting is relatively simple, it illustrates several management accounting issues that are relevant to firms of every size that produce a product or service under competitive pressures and capacity constraints. The case also integrates several topics that are often viewed as abstract by the students. Specifically, it deals with the concepts around cost‐volume profit analysis in a realistic environment, the tension between short‐term and long‐term decisions, discounted cash flow analysis, the impact of managerial incentives and compensation on decision making and the impact of operating leverage on profitability. The case was used successfully several times in an introductory course at the MBA level. Surveys of the students reveal that the case has contributed significantly to their learning and has clarified the concepts introduced in the case.
Do Restatements Improve the Persistence of Earnings and Its Components?
Authors: Ndubizu Gordian A. , Sallehu Menghistu
Published: December 2017

We examine the persistence of earnings in the pre‐ and postrestatements periods and find that restatements generally improve the persistence of earnings. We also examine how the persistence of earnings is influenced by restatements that are voluntarily initiated by managers (voluntary restatements) and those forced onto firms by outsiders (mandated restatements). Our analysis shows that voluntary restatements are followed by improvement in the persistence of earnings and that mandated restatements are not followed by improvement in earnings persistence. We find results that are consistent with the main finding when we decompose earnings into accruals and free cash flows. We use a difference‐in‐difference research design and confirm that the improvement in the postrestatement persistence of earnings components exceeds that of control firms only for voluntary restatements. Further, we show that our results are robust after controlling for endogeneity of voluntary restatements by including a two‐stage model using the Heckman () method where we first estimate the likelihood of manipulation detection and analyze change in persistence conditional on the first stage analysis. The improvement in earnings persistence around voluntary restatements is not driven by the level of earnings decomposition or a subgroup of voluntary restatements. The results support our hypothesis that voluntary restatements have distinctly different economic consequences from mandated restatements.
The Monitoring Effect of More Frequent Disclosure
Authors: Downar Benedikt , Ernstberger Jürgen , Link Benedikt
Published: December 2017

This paper examines the monitoring effect of disclosure frequency from a shareholder perspective. For our analyses, we use a setting in the European Union in which reporting frequency requirements differed across and within countries before being harmonized by a directive requiring the implementation of quarterly disclosure. We investigate how both cross‐sectional differences in reporting frequency and their harmonization affect shareholders' ability to monitor managers. To gauge monitoring effects, we use shareholders' valuation of cash assets. We find that semi‐annual reporters exhibit lower cash valuation than quarterly reporters. Using a difference‐in‐differences approach, we show that these differences recede after semi‐annual reporters implement a higher reporting frequency. Our results are consistent with the notion that more frequent disclosure reduces expected agency costs by providing shareholders with the opportunity for timelier monitoring to constrain managers from expropriating corporate resources. In additional analyses, we find that this monitoring effect is robust to using alternative measures of the change in cash and agency costs as well as alternative benchmark groups. Further, we find stronger effects when corporate governance or earnings quality is low.
DICAM DUMTAXAT QUOD EST HISTORICON: VARRO AND/ON THE PAST
Authors: PIRAS GIORGIO
Published: December 2017

Varro's approach to his subjects is usually systematic and synchronic, but there are frequent diachronic digressions and observations on time and the past, often divided into three stages (remote past, near past, and present). I discuss Rust. 2.1, with a progressive concept of three successive stages in human history from Dicaearchus, and a fragment from Censorinus, where Varro distinguishes tria discrimina temporum. A significant affinity emerges between etymological research and the study of origins: both involve the study of antiquitas or the origo, and both use the genealogical-reconstructive method. The same image of gradus descendere indicates the sequence of logical and chronological steps in describing human history (Rust. 2.1.3–5) and etymological research (Ling. 5.7–9). Varro is fully aware of the difficulties in reconstructing the ancient past and the origins of language, because uncertainty is a characteristic of the origo of human history and of words.
VARRO, ATTICUS, AND ANNALES
Authors: MARSHALL R. M. A.
Published: December 2017

This paper explores the scholarly relationship between Varro and Atticus by focusing on the attribution of a Varronian fragment (Gell. 17.21.24). Taking into account Gellius's citation practices, it is argued that the fragment (concerning the execution of the tyrant Manlius) was mediated via Atticus, not taken directly from Varro. The evidence for Varro's and Atticus's friendship and scholarly cooperation undermines traditional attempts to identify any ultimate written source for this material, and prompts a re-evaluation of the relationship between the two friends' antiquarian interests to outline the consequences of scholarly and social exchange. This investigation suggests that, like many apparent points of Attico-Varronian overlap (including Rome's foundation-date), the fragment's origins might owe more to personal acquaintance than secluded book-learning. Their antiquarian choices had the potential to be politically charged, and the version of Manlius's death endorsed by Varro may thus indicate his political stance towards Caesar.
Socio‐cultural innovations of the Final Umm an‐Nar period (c.2100–2000 BCE) in the Oman peninsula: new insights from Ra's al‐Jinz RJ‐2
Authors: Azzarà Valentina M. , De Rorre Alexandre P.
Published: December 2017

The Early Bronze Age site of RJ‐2, located close to the coastal village of Ra's al‐Jinz on the eastern Omani coast (Niyabat Ra's al‐Hadd), was the focus of archaeological investigations for over two decades. The latest campaigns of excavation unearthed an architectural complex (Building XII) dated to the very end of the Umm an‐Nar period (Final UaN, c.2100–2000 BCE), previously attested on site by poorly preserved remains. This paper presents the remains explored during the most recent fieldwork, focusing on the stratigraphic‐structural sequence and the spatial layout. It also considers the transformations affecting structural evidence and material culture during this period, at both local and regional level, highlighting their significance for a comprehensive assessment of the last occupations related to the Early Bronze Age in south‐eastern Arabia. The paper concludes by showing how the Final Umm an‐Nar phase represents an age of substantial socio‐cultural innovations, which most likely shaped the transition towards the following Wadi Suq period.
Attenuated first‐rank symptoms and conversion to psychosis in a clinical high‐risk cohort
Authors: Crump Francesca M. , Arndt Leigh , Grivel Margaux , Horga Guillermo , Corcoran Cheryl M. , Brucato Gary , Girgis Ragy R.
Published: December 2017

Aim

We sought to examine attenuated first‐rank symptoms (FRS) and subcomponents of the Unusual Thought Content (P.1.) section of the Structured Interview for Psychosis‐Risk Syndromes (SIPS) to investigate the robust relationship between total P.1. and conversion. We hypothesized that attenuated FRS would drive the association and, additionally, be most predictive of a schizophrenia diagnosis.

Method

We assessed 189 clinical high‐risk participants. Two independent raters separately scored attenuated FRS and each subcomponent of P.1. as if each were the only symptom reported. Total P.1. was also scored. Participants were evaluated for conversion up to 2 years.

Results

While total P.1. score significantly predicted conversion in the 54 converters, attenuated FRS, which were relatively uncommon in this sample, nor any subcomponent of P.1., was independently predictive. FRS did not predict conversion to schizophrenia among 35 subjects.

Conclusion

Although attenuated FRS, and subcomponents of P.1. of the SIPS, did not significantly predict transition to psychosis, our results support previous research affirming the value of total P.1. score as a tool for predicting conversion to psychosis.
On the coloniality of work: Commercial surrogacy in India
Authors: limki rashné
Published: December 2017

Relations of domination and subjugation in work manifest as class differentiation, but, more crucially, become intensified along lines of gender, sexual and racial difference. This circumstance, I suggest, is neither accidental nor incidental. It is a historical effect of colonial logic that postulates gender, sexual and racial Others as ontologically, and hence ethically, different. The articulation of difference as such legitimizes gender, sexual and racial Others as sites of domination and exploitation, and thereby naturalizes them as objects of subordination in work. This circumstance may be described through the analytic of coloniality. The aim of this paper, then, is to explicate the coloniality of work as a means to comprehend the persistence of inequality and subjugation in its global organization. Specifically, it underscores the imperative of confronting the ontological production of gender, sexual and racial difference in the creation of relations of domination and subjugation, and thus, in the institution and operation of work qua work. I demonstrate the political urgency of such engagements through a discussion of commercial surrogacy in India.
VIOLENCE AND ITS HISTORIES: MEANINGS, METHODS, PROBLEMS
Authors: DWYER PHILIP
Published: December 2017

Violence has evolved over the past few decades into one of the leading interpretive concepts in history. And yet there few critiques of it to speak of, and no clear‐cut methodology on how to do the history of violence. This article takes a more critical view of violence as a field of historical research by questioning some of the approaches and methods adopted until now. It examines some meanings of violence and the difficulties involved in defining it, discusses some of the trends that have emerged from the history of violence, and offers some suggestions about how to approach the topic from a different perspective. It argues for a cultural, constructed interpretation of violence that not only involves understanding behaviors, but also narratives and discourses of violence that help both define and shape people's attitudes.