bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi aktivitas ekstrak etanol dan sediaan gel daun melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L) sebagai antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Tarigan Indra Lasmana , Muadifah Afidatul , Amini Helda Wika , Astutik Tri Kurnia
Published: August 2020

Melinjo (Genus Gnetii gnemonii Folium) merupakan spesies tanaman yang berasal dari semenanjung Malaysia dan Indonesia, diketahui memiliki senyawa bioaktif yang dapat dimanfaatkan dibidang kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini ini adalah untuk menganalisis profil senyawa bioaktif daun melinjo (Gnetii gnemonii Folium) yang memiliki fungsi sebagai antimikroba dengan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus serta memformulasi gel dari ekstrak daun melinjo. Ekstrak daun melinjo dibuat dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%, 3 hari. Analisis profil senyawa bioaktif daun melinjo menggunakan skrining fitokimia dan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi cakram Kirby-Bauer terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun melinjo yang digunakan interval konsentrasi 50%-80%. Ekstrak dengan konsentrasi optimum diformulasikan dalam bentuk gel dan dilakukan evaluasi mutu fisik sediaan gel meliputi organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya lekat dan uji daya sebar selama 28 hari. Hasil analisis menunjukkan senyawa bioaktif daun melinjo meliputi Tanin, Saponin, Alkaloid, Flavonoid, dan Triterpenoid. Ekstrak 80% daun melinjo memberikan efek antibakteri dengan zona hambat terbesar 13,08mm. Gel dari ekstrak daun melinjo 80% memberikan efek antibakteri dengan kategori kuat terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan diameter zona hambat sebesar 16,91mm.
Pengaruh penambahan kitosan sisik ikan papayu (Anabas testudienus) terhadap sifat kimia, mekanik dan struktur morfologi pada edible film pati jagung
Authors: Ristianingsih Yuli , Natalia Maria
Published: August 2020

Edible film adalah lapisan tipis yang terbuat dari bahan yang dapat dikonsumsi dan digunakan untuk melapisi makanan sebagai penghalang terhadap transfer massa seperti kelembapan, oksigen, aroma, pembawa aditif seperti mikrobial dan lemak. Jenis polisakarida yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan edible film adalah pati dan kitosan. Bahan baku pembuatan edible film yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pati jagung, gliserol sebagai plasticizer dan kitosan ikan papuyu. Ikatan molekul antara pati jagung dan kitosan mempengaruhi kuat tarik edible film. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada uji FTIR dan kuat tarik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sifat kimia, mekanik dan struktur morfologi edible film dengan variasi kitosan ikan papuyu (0,5%; 1%; 1,5% dan 2%). Analisis yang telah dilakukan diketahui bahwa sifat kimia edible film melalui analisa gugus fungsional (FT-IR) menunjukkan bahwa edible film mengandung gugus OH (pati)  dan C=H (kitosan). Analisis kuat tarik menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kitosan mampu meningkatkan nilai kuat tarik edible film dengan nilai maksimum kuat tarik 14,5 MPa. Nilai elastisitas pada kosentrasi kitosan 2% mengalami penurunan dan nilai maksimum EAB 6,3%. Struktur morfologi pada edible film pada konsentrasi kitosan 2% diketahui bahwa kitosan tercampur merata. Kuat tarik dan struktur morfologi merupakan aspek yang penting dalam edible film untuk menentukan kualitas bahan pengemas sebelum dikomersilkan.
Pengaruh konsentrasi PEG 400 sebagai kosurfaktan pada formulasi nanoemulsi minyak kepayang
Authors: Maharini Maharini , Rismarika Rismarika , Yusnelti Yusnelti
Published: August 2020

Kepayang oil has a high content of linoleic and oleic acids. Linoleic and oleic acids act as emollients in the cosmetic field. Nanotechnology is one of the latestinnovations that can be used in cosmetics preparation delivery systems because it can improve the drug delivery process. This study aims to examine the effect of PEG 400 on the formulation of Kepayang oil nanoemulsion. The concentrations of tween 80 and variation concentrations of PEG 400 used in F1, F2, and F3 are 36%: 0%, 36%: 24% and 36%: 14% using the SNEDDS method. The characteristics of nanoemulsion preparations include organoleptic, particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. The result of nanoemulsion production has the organoleptic form in bright yellow color and has a distinctive odor, the particle size in F1, F2 and F3 are 11.8, 13.2 and 11.3 with a polydispersity index of 0.315, 0.147 and 0.121 and zeta potential -16.2, 13.4 and 1.8. The effect of variations in surfactant concentration in the nanoemulsion formulations of kepayang oil is that the higher the level of PEG 400, it will reduce the pH and viscosity of the preparation, increase the particle size, the uniformity of droplet size uniformity, but does not affect the potential zeta value. The best formula is F2.
Pengolahan limbah cair tahu menjadi air bersih dengan metode elektrokoagulasi secara kontinyu
Authors: Amri Idral , Destinefa Pratiwi , Zultiniar Zultiniar
Published: August 2020

The liquid waste of the tofu industry contains high organic contaminants, such as proteins and amino acids. These organic compounds causes liquid waste of tofu industry to contain high BOD, COD, and TSS so that it can pollute the environment. Therefore, tofu liquid should be removed first by electrocoagulation method. This method has the potential to purify tofu liquid waste and decrease the content of COD, BOD, TSS, and pH contained without the addition of coagulants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of voltage and flow rate to neutralize pH, and reduce levels of COD, BOD, and TSS in tofu liquid waste. The parameters tested included COD, BOD, TSS, and pH. The electrocoagulation process uses electrical power that flows in the direction of the electrode. The electrocoagulation reactor was paired with a cable connected to the power supply then connected to an electric current with voltage and flow rate variations. The results of this study found that optimum conditions were obtained at current of 12 V and flow rate of 0.087 L/min with increasing pH from pH from 3.5 to 6.7,  percent removal of COD 72.17%, percent removal BOD 71.53% , and percent removal TSS 90.90%.
Analisis pewarna Rhodamin B pada kerupuk merah di Payakumbuh
Authors: Hevira Linda , Alwinda Desmi , Hilaliyati Najmi
Published: August 2020

Rhodamine B adalah pewarna sintetis yang digunakan sebagai zat pewarna untuk tekstil, cat, dan kertas tetapi banyak disalahgunakan dalam makanan, salah satunya adalah kerupuk merah. Rhodamine B dapat mengiritasi saluran pernapasan, kulit, mata, saluran pencernaan, keracunan, dan gangguan hati, dan dalam jangka panjang, dapat menyebabkan kanker dan tumor. Secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif kandungan pewarna Rhodamine B dalam kerupuk merah ditentukan menggunakan TLC dan UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. Tujuh sampel dari produsen menunjukkan bahwa Rhodamine B atau negatif tidak ditemukan pada kerupuk merah. Itu artinya kerupuk merah yang diproduksi oleh industri rumah tangga di Payakumbuh aman untuk dikonsumsi.
Sintesis kalsium pirofospat (Ca2P2O7) dari limbah cangkang telur dengan metode solvothermal
Authors: Huda Ihsanul , Kusumaningrum Retno , Jamil Mi'raj Shabrin , Widayatno Wahyu Bambang , Wismogroho Agus Sukarto , Rochman Nurul Taufiqu , Noviyanto Alfian
Published: August 2020

Kalsium pirofospat telah berhasil disintesis dengan menggunakan metode solvothermal. Bahan dasar yang digunakan adalah limbah cangkang telur ayam dan bebek. Cangkang telur ayam dan bebek dibersihkan dan digerus, kemudian dikalsinasi pada temperatur 1000°C selama 2 jam untuk mendapatkan serbuk CaO. Serbuk CaO kemudian dicampurkan dengan H3PO4 dan dimasukkan ke dalam bejana solvothermal. Proses solvothermal dilakukan pada temperatur 130°C selama 16 jam. Fasa tunggal CaHPO4 diperoleh setelah proses solvothermal. Kalsinasi serbuk CaHPO4 dilakukan pada tungku muffle dengan temperatur 800°C selama 2 jam dan kondisi atmosfir biasa. Hasil analisa fasa menunjukkan terbentuknya fasa tunggal kalsium pirofospat (Ca2P2O7) tanpa adanya fasa pengotor lainnya. Hasil ini menunjukkan perbandingan Ca dan P adalah 1. Mikrostruktur kalsium pirofospat yang terbentuk agak kasar dengan ukuran partikel rata-rata 590 ± 43 nm untuk cangkang telur ayam dan 455 ±  32 nm untuk cangkang telur bebek. Studi lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum dari proses solvothermal limbah cangkang telur sehingga bisa didapatkan kalsium pirofospat yang mempunyai ukuran lebih halus dan seragam.
Studi komputasi terhadap struktur, sifat antioksidan, toksisitas dan skor obat dari scopoletin dan turunannya
Authors: Wulandari Annisa , Afrizal Afrizal , Emriadi Emriadi , Efdi Mai , Imelda Imelda
Published: August 2020

Studi komputasi pada struktur, sifat antioksidan dari scopoletin dan turunannya telah dipelajari melalui analisis DFT/B3LYP/6-31G dalam fase gas. Analisis toksisitas dengan OSIRIS Property Explorer online telah menunjukkan bahwa scopoletin dan turunannya tidak bersifat mutagenik, tidak menyebabkan tumor dan iritasi, akan tetapi beberapa diantaranya memiliki resiko tinggi terhadap sistem reproduksi. Scopoletin dan turunannya memiliki skor obat berkisar antara 0,270 - 0,503 yang menunjukkan bahwa senyawa tersebut memiliki kemiripan obat yang sebanding dengan obat yang ada. Sifat antioksidan scopoletin dan turunannya dapat dijelaskan dengan baik oleh mekanisme transfer atom hidrogen (TAH) dengan nilai BDE berkisar antara 69,986 - 90,510 Kkal/mol dalam fase gas. Nilai BDE sangat dipengaruhi oleh sifat substituen dan ditemukan bahwa substituen pendorong elektron menurunkan nilai BDE. Nilai BDE menurun dengan urutan dari senyawa 9>6>7>8> scopoletin >1>10>3>5>4>2 dalam fase gas, sehingga urutan kemampuan mendonasikan atom hidrogen adalah 2>4>5>3>10>1> scopoletin >8>7>6 >9. Nilai ΔBDE dari scopoletin dan turunannya pada fase gas berkisar dari -16,064 hingga 4,460 Kkal/mol. Nilai BDE fase gas yang dihitung secara signifikan lebih rendah daripada nilai SET-PT dan PA pada fase gas. Hasil ini lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa TAH secara termodinamika lebih disukai daripada SET-PT, PA dan ETE dalam fase gas.
Material Contact and Environmental Effects on Vitamin A Fortified Vegetable Frying Oil
Authors: Wening Sukmo , Andayani Dewi Yuliyanti , Jayanti Latifun , Christianti Isti , Mulyono Karyanto , Wassell Paul
Published: August 2020

Observations about the impact of environmental parameters and time, on fortified vegetable oil, using typical commercial grade linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) packaging during typical shelf-life conditions, are minimal. We tested the long-term (12 months) impact of temperature and illuminance (light: 100 to 150 lux and darkness <1 lux) on refined bleached deodorized palm olein (RBDPOL), fortified with vitamin A, and without antioxidant. Results showed degradation of fortified RBDPOL with 70 ppm vitamin A was  approximately 19% at 18-22oC in Light, 18% at 18-22oC in Darkness, 38% at 32-33oC in light and 24% 32-33oC in darkness. A similar trend was observed at 45 ppm vitamin A. Exposure to both heat and light impacted vitamin A degradation, but was primarily attributed to prolonged exposure at elevated temperature, irrespective of the packaging material. This short study validates extensive research by Silalahi et al., (2017), doi:10.1111/ijfs.13462 on the impact of environmental effects of fortified vegetable frying oil, during extensive storage life periods.
Physical Properties of Edible Films from Pangasius catfish Bone Gelatin-Breadfruits Strach with Different Formulations
Authors: Santoso Rian Adhi , Atma Yoni
Published: August 2020

Abstract— This research aims to provide edible film made from fish bone gelatin of Pangasius catfish mixed breadfruit starch with different formulations. The study was carried out through three stages including breadfruit starch isolation, edible films fabrication and analysis of physical properties of resulted edible film such as thickness, water vapor transmission, tensile strength and percent of elongation as well as moisture content. Edible films which were formulated from fish bone gelatin of Pangasius catfish by breadfruit starch addition have thickness values ranged of ​​0.084-0.123 mm, 6.08 - 16.77% of moisture content, water vapor transmission of 1.07 - 1.60 g/ m²/hour, tensile strength of 0.245 - 1.186 MPa, and percent of elongation around 70 - 87.14%. The edible films from gelatin of Pangasius catfish bone with breadfruit starch addition have physical characteristic which fulfill the standard requirements issued by Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS)

Keywords— edible film; biodegradable materials; fish gelatin;breadfruit starch; food packaging
ANALISIS RESPON PENAWARAN KOMODITI KEDELAI DI KABUPATEN TANJAB TIMUR
Authors: Edison
Published: August 2020

This study aims (1) to assess the factors of production and their effects on soybean production, and to investigate the ability of input levels, such as area and others to explain the response of production; and (2). assess the response of farmer supply to input prices, receipt of gross expectations, from related variables, and other exogenous variables.

This research was conducted in 2017 in East Tanjab Regency. The method of analysis in its application is sorted based on the research objectives namely the Empirical Model of the Response Response Function. From the research, the results obtained from the soybean supply response model are strongly influenced by many factors. Among internal and external factors such as soybean prices, use of inputs, and seasons, which are quite relevant where soybean production increases because soybean prices increase. It also added that soybean production decreases when the input variables used are not in accordance with the provisions. As expected it was also found that the harvested area was also a significant determinant of crops. Furthermore it was found that soybean production increased during the rainy season. This finding is consistent with the fact that water availability is an important factor for soybean plants. The analysis also explained that soybean farmers in tidal land in the study area responded to the change in the use of efficient inputs. Supply of output is a response to soybean production. On input requests, many are sensitive to the use of labor, maintenance / harvesting labor. The elasticity of production obtained complements the part of the data base needed to evaluate the policy implications of using alternative inputs from soybean supply and input demand.

Keywords: soybean, production, function
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKSI BOKAR (BAHAN OLAH KARET) DI KABUPATEN BATANGHARI
Authors: Lumban Gaol Elisabeth , Mara Armen , Oktari Ulma Riri
Published: August 2020

This study aims to (1) the progress bokar production, the land area to produce crops, the land area of ​​old plants, the amount of labor, rainfall and number of days of rain in Batanghari regency during the period 2001 to 2015 (2) Determine how much influence hectarage produce, the land area of ​​old plants, the amount of labor, rainfall and number of days of rain to the production bokar in Batanghari regency during the period 2001-2015. The data used in this research is secondary data time series (time series) for 5 years (2001-2015). Test data is stationary using the unit root test Phillip Perron (PP). The analysis model is a linear regression. The test model using normality test, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity test and autocorrelation test. The results showed that the area of ​​cultivated land, the area of ​​old plantation, the amount of labor, rainfall and amount of rain days together significantly affect the production of bokar in Batanghari regency. Partially, the factors that have a positive and significant effect on bokar production in Batanghari Regency are the area of ​​cultivated land and the amount of labor. Factor area of ​​old crop land have negative and significant effect, while rainfall factor and rainy day partially have no significant effect on bokar production.
ANALISIS PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN UNTUK PEMBELIAN MAKANAN KEMASAN BERLOGO HALAL MUI (STUDI KASUS IBU RUMAH TANGGA DI PERUMAHAN AUR DURI DAN PERUMNAS KOTA BARU, KOTA JAMBI)
Authors: Hana Jusia Putri , Murdi Saad , Lavlinesia
Published: August 2020

Food is a basic need that must be available all the time for human survival. Food as a source of energy must be of high quality.  In 2016, the Indonesia Ministry of Health issued a program on the consumption of nutrition and safety food. Indonesia is the country with the most Muslim population in the world with 87.17 % of the total Indonesian population of 255,461,700 people (BPS, 2015). It is well known that to get proper food by an individual is consider as ones’ right that must be satisfy. Therefore, food as a strategic commodity perceive to satisfy the right of an individual to obtain a proper consumption of food. Halal food does not only cover religious aspects. Halal certified products have gone through the production process which takes quality, processing, and cleanliness of a product into account. The demand for halal food products is increasing and has been widely proven on the market implementation. Not only in Muslim-majority countries but in developed countries which do have high living standards including standards for quality assurance of food products. The respondents of the study are household wives reside in Aur Duri Residential and Kota Baru Residential, Jambi. The study collected 96 respondents who filled up the surveys. Moreover, the study signified that there are 43 (44 %) respondents who prefer the MUI Halal logo affect their purchase intention. It is influenced by characteristics in terms of religion, age and education. Knowledge, compliance based on beliefs, and awareness of quality assurance and food security affects the perceptions of household wives to the decision to purchase food with halal logo MUI packaging. The marketing strategy that most influences the purchase intention on an individual are price and products that become daily necessities.
KEPUTUSAN PETANI SAWIT DALAM MENGKONVERSI LAHAN KELAPA SAWIT MENJADI LAHAN PADI SAWAH DI KECAMATAN BATANG ASAM KABUPATEN TANJUNG JABUNG BARAT
Authors: Ompusunggu Krielson , Lubis Arsyad , Kurniasih Siti
Published: August 2020

Farmers in Batang Asam Subdistrict have two choices, namely to join the Government's Revitalization program by converting their productive age oil palm plantations into paddy fields or exchanging land with other farmers or selling their land and then buying land in different places. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence the decision of farmers to convert their oil palm plantation land into paddy fields. The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach. Primary data is collected through observation, interviews, and special discussions with selected speakers. The sampling method in this study was done by Simple Random Sampling Technique. The analysis tool used is the Godnes Of Fit Test with the same expected frequency. The results of this study indicate that the decision of farmers to convert their oil palm plantation land into lowland rice fields is influenced by psychological factors, the price factor of paddy fields, and the factor of two branches of farming.
KAITAN BIAYA DAN TEKNIK PEREMAJAAN KELAPA SAWIT RAKYAT
Authors: Indah Minsyah Nur
Published: August 2020

Linkages between Costs and Rejuvenation Techniques of People's Palm Oil. Palm oil commodity occupies an important and quite strategic position for Jamb Province, which is; 1). As a large foreign exchange earner; 2). Involving approximately 206,787 families and workers; 3). Acceleration of regional / regional development; 4). Opening the field of business and employment; 5). Reducing poverty, and; 6). Improving the welfare of farmers and society. Writing this paper aims to provide an overview: 1). The area of ​​oil palm plantation that needs to be rejuvenated; 2). The amount of costs and the choice of spelling techniques. The data used are secondary data and other relevant information. Of the total plantation area of ​​Jambi Province, around 48% (791,025 ha) is an oil palm plantation area, consisting of 59.11% of community plantations, 38.26% of PBS plantations, and 2.63.% Of PTPN 6. farms. By age, up to 2020 the area covered by should be rejuvenated to reach 185,834 ha. For state-owned oil and palm oil plantation companies (PTPN), to rejuvenate plantations with conventional techniques, their oil palms relatively face no constraints, because they have the funds and or access to the required costs more openly. Whereas for farmers, most of them, to rejuvenate their oil palms in accordance with the economic age and carried out conventionally is difficult to do, because of the absence / lack of funds or capital required, in addition to losing the main source of income as long as the oil palm has not produced. Intercroping rejuvenation technique is the most choice that will be done by farmers.
STRATEGI RANTAI PASOK KELAPA SAWIT DI PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Zulqa Rahma , Ampuh Hadiguna Rika
Published: August 2020

Indonesia is a major producer and exporter of CPO (Crude Palm Oil) in the world with a dominance of 56% of total CPO production in the world and 57% of the total exports of countries in the world. According to GAPKI data the volume of CPO oil exports and derivatives during 2018 reached 32.02 million tons. The Sumatra region has the largest oil palm center in Indonesia, West Sumatra is one of the developing provinces and has potential in oil palm plantations with a total production of 568 680.4 tons / year (West Sumatra in Figures, 2019). However, there are sustainability issues that cover environmental, social and economic aspects which are strategic issues globally. This ongoing issue triggers various risks that can harm various parties and must be managed properly. One way to manage this problem is to supply chain efficiency. With the supply chain efficiency, success factors and palm oil supply chain strategies in the Province of West Sumatra can be determined. This research uses descriptive qualitative analysis method through interviews with related respondents and SWOT matrix. The results showed that success factors were found in the garden chain system, transportation from the garden to the factory, factory and transportation to the storage tank and consumers. The palm oil supply chain strategy obtained is the SO, WO, ST, WT strategy. To meet the integrated supply chain system and sustainable development of palm oil in addressing the existing issues, success factors and strategies for the palm oil supply chain in West Sumatra Province are needed in order to compete in the local and foreign markets.
MUTASI TITIK F1534C GEN VOLTAGE GATED SODIUM CHANNEL (VGSC) PADA Aedes aegypti DI KELURAHAN PANCUR PUNGAH
Authors: Hidayahtullah Fadjar Sidiq , Anwar Chairil , Handayani Dwi
Published: August 2020

The incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) has increased significantly throughout the world in the last decade. One of the challenges in eradicating DHF is the occurrence of vector resistance to insecticides. This study aimed to looked at the mutation site of the VGSC codon F1534C Aedes aegypti on RT 5 & 6 Pancur Pungah Village, Muara Dua District, Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan Regency as a marker of resistance. The samples in this studied were larvae and pupae of Aedes aegypti. Larvae and pupae were bred into F1 generation and then tested for susceptibility and followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results of the suscepbillity test carried out obtained mosquito mortality of 10.5% so it was categorized resistant based on WHO criteria. Continued PCR test found no mutation point occurred in the VGSC gene mutation point F1534C in Aedes aegypti. Therefore, the possibility of mutations in the VGSC gene is at another mutation point.

Keyword: Mutation, Aedes aegypti, F1534C

 

ABSTRAK

Kejadian demam berdarah dengue (DBD) telah meningkat signifikan di seluruh dunia dalam dekade terakhir. Salah satu tantangan dalam pemberantasan DBD adalah kejadian resistensi vektor terhadap insektisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat titi mutasi gen VGSC kodon F1534C Aedes aegypti di RT 5 & 6 Kelurahan Pancur Pungah Kecamatan Muara Dua Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan sebagai penanda terjadinya resistensi. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah larva serta pupa nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Larva dan pupa dibiakkan menjadi generasi F1 lalu dilakukan uji suscepbillity dan dilanjutkan uji polymerase chain reaction (PCR).  Hasil penelitian pada uji  suscepbillity yang dilakukan didapat kematian nyamuk sebesar 10,5% sehingga dikategorikan resisten berdasarkan kriteria WHO. Dilanjutkan uji PCR didapat tidak terjadi titik mutasi pada gen VGSC mutasi titik F1534C pada Aedes aegypti. Oleh karena itu, kemungkinan terjadinya mutasi pada gen VGSC berada pada titik mutasi yang lain.

Kata kunci: Mutasi, Aedes aegypti, F1534C
KARAKTERISTIK PASIEN EFUSI PLEURA DI KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Dewi Hasna , Fairuz Fairuz
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction Pleural effusion is a condition where the fluid either a transudate or an exudate accumulate in pleural cavity. Disease that can cause pleural effusion can be either a malignancy or an inflammatory process. Intratoracal and extratoracal malignancies can cause pleural effusion (malignant pleural effusion / MPE). The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients with pleural effusion and the proportion of malignant pleural effusion in Jambi City.

Methods This research is a descriptive study with a retrospective approach, was conducted in 138 sample of pleural effusion patients at two hospital Raden Mattaher and H. Abdul Manap Hospital in 2017-2018. The data was taken from the patient's medical record and primary data in the form of cytological examination results.

Results of this study found that most patients with pleural effusion were at the age 40 - 59 years (52.72%), and more men than women (63.77%). The location of the most common effusion was the right hemithorax (52.9%) and the proportion of malignant pleural effusion was only 32.61%.

Conclusion Pleural effusion often occurs at the age of 40-59 years with male sex predominant. Most pleural effusions are negative for malignancy, MPE was only 32,61 %.

Keywords: characteristics, cytology, malignant pleural effusion (MPE)

 

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan Efusi pleura merupakan keadaan terkumpulnya cairan di dalam rongga pleura, baik itu transudat maupun eksudat. Penyakit yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya efusi pleura dapat berupa keganasan maupun proses inflamasi. Keganasan intratorakal dan ekstratorakal dapat menimbulkan terjadinya efusi pleura (efusi pleura maligna/EPM). Sampai sekarang belum ada data deskriptif mengenai efusi pleura di kota Jambi. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui karakteristik pasien dengan efusi pleura dan proporsi kejadian efusi pleura maligna di Kota Jambi.

Metode Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskritif dengan pendekatan retrospektif. Sampel penelitian merupakan pasien efusi pleura di kota Jambi dari dua RS pemerintah yaitu RSUD Raden Mattaher dan RSUD H. Abdul Manap tahun 2017- 2018 sebanyak 138 sampel. Cara pengambilan sampel dalam penelitan yaitu purposive sampling. Data yang diambil adalah data dari rekam medis pasien dan data primer berupa hasil pemeriksaan sitologi

Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan pasien efusi pleura paling banyak pada proporsi umur 40 – 59 tahun (52,72 %). Jenis kelamin terbanyak adalah laki-laki dengan 88 pasien (63,77%). Lokasi efusi tersering adalah hemithorak dekstra (52,9 %) dan proporsi kejadian efusi pleura maligna hanya 32,61 %.

Simpulan Efusi pleura sering terjadi pada usia 40-59 tahun dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki. Sebagian besar efusi pleura adalah negatif maligna, hanya 32,61 % berupa EPM.

Kata kunci: efusi pleura maligna (EPM), karakteristik, sitologi
ANALISIS PARAMETER SUMBER SPEKTRAL GEMPABUMI VTA (VULKANO TEKTONIK-A) TERHADAP AKTIVITAS VULKANIK GUNUNG SINABUNG
Authors: Kusmita Tri , Brotopuspito Kirbani , Triastuty Hetty
Published: August 2020

The source parameters describe the different physical properties of seismic volumes under the volcanoes. Source parameters that can be used to distinguish seismic events that are generated by different types of volcanoes activities. Temporary changes of the spectral source parameters provided a description of the main events during the eruption process.  Source parameters are calculated by correlating the relationship between source frequency at spectral displacement (corner frequency) and source parameters based on spectral sources of the Brune model (1970). The angular frequency obtained by applying the FFT algorithm to the VTA spectral displacement. The source parameters analyzed from this VTA earthquake are the spectral slope, seismic moment, stress drop, length of rupture, moment magnitude and radiation energy. Based on the obtained corner frequency (12 Hz-13 Hz), seismic moment, moment magnitude and energy radiation respectively were at 0.2 -1.9 x 1012 Nm, 0.7 - 2 Mw, and 0.1 - 9.5 x 1015 erg. The length of rupture were from 144.2 to 243.1 m, the spectra slope has 2.1 - 7.8 dB/cm, and stress drop are 0.1 - 7,6 bar. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the changes of spectra characteristic and fluctuate of source patrameters value of VTA earthquakes was asosiated with the different  volcanic activity of Sinabung.

Keywords: spectral, VTA, source parameter, volcanic earthquake
APPLICATION OF PIT HEAT METHOD IN SANGGAI MACHINE TECHNOLOGY AS A ORGANIC PRESERVATIVE OF FOOD
Authors: Martino Dede , Ardiyaningsih Puji Lestari  , Linda Handayani
Published: August 2020

Indonesia is a country that has extraordinary natural resources, both biological and non-biological natural resources. Indonesia has a great opportunity in utilizing natural resources to improve the welfare of the people. Unfortunately, Indonesia has not been yet able to exploit all of that. The prices of agricultural products are quite high but ironically the welfare of farmers has not improved either. On the other hand, other natural resources from the marine and earth sector also have export potential, but in fact these potentials have not had a significant influence. One of the causes of the suboptimal use of natural resources in Indonesia is the lack of integration of technology in developing the potential of the biodiversity. One of the efforts made to optimize the potential for life is to apply the concept of physics, which uses the concept of pit heat in the “sanggai” engine technology. This machine can be used to optimize the potential of agriculture in Indonesia. Pit heat technology can dry food without damaging the vitamin content. This technology does not damage the protein structure of food substances so that the application of technology on this machine can be used to optimize the potential of agriculture in Indonesia.
PRINSIP KETIDAKPASTIAN HEISENBERG DALAM TINJAUAN KEMAJUAN PENGUKURAN KUANTUM DI ABAD 21
Authors: Jesi Pebralia
Published: August 2020

The Heisenberg uncertainty principle is the basic foundation of quantum physics that characterizes quantum physics with classical physics. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle provides boundaries where there are no absolute measurement results in any quantum measurement. Along with the development of increasingly sophisticated measurement instruments in the 21st century, presents the opportunity for the emergence of modifications from the Heisenberg uncertainty principle from the general form of existing formulations. This study aims to provide an overview of the opportunities for Heisenberg uncertainty formulation and provide a description of the stages of the Heisenberg uncertainty formulation's uncertainty formulations that have been reviewed by previous researchers. The research method used is the method of literature study that aims to find out the background and theories of the development of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and to explain the formulation directly which aims to determine the technical sequence of modifications to the existing formulation. Through this research, the authors managed to get an opportunity for the emergence of new modifications to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle formulation.
EFEK SERETAN KERANGKA INERSIAL DI DALAM MEDAN BINTANG NEUTRON YANG BEROTASI DAN STASIONER
Authors: Restianingsih Tika , Rosyid Muhammad Farchani
Published: August 2020

The inertial frame dragging effect of rotating neutron star has been studied. Inertial frame dragging effect, also well known as Lense Thirring effect, has been predicted using general theory of relativity in 1918. When the neutron star rotates very quickly, the space time around it will be dragged to the direction of the rotation. The Lense Thirring effect is small enough for small objects so it will be clearly seen for massive objects like compact stars, especially neutron star. Later, we derive the equation of frame dragging rate () inside the rotating neutron star, which is axisymmetrik and stationary. Frame dragging rate is decreasing from the center to the surface of stars. It is also noted that  is proportional to the angular velocity of star.
TELAAH ULANG PERGERAKAN LEMPENG TEKTONIK INDO-AUSTRALIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN DATA GPS TAHUN 1994-2016
Authors: Lubis Ashar Muda
Published: August 2020

Lempeng tektonik Indo-Australia merupakan salah satu lempeng tektonik utama yang terus bergerak hingga sekarang. Dimasa lalu penelitian tentang vektor pergerakannya telah dilakukan (1994-2001). Dengan banyak gempabumi yang terjadi di wilayah Sumatera pada dua dekade ini, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian re-investigasi kecepatan pergerakan lempeng tektonik Indo-Australia dengan menggunakan span data yang lebih jauh (1994-2016). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk re-investigasi besar kecepatan dan arah pergerakan lempeng tektonik Indo-Australia dengan menggunakan data Global Positioning System (GPS). Stasiun GPS yang diamati sebanyak 4 stasiun yakni: COCO, XMIS, PERT, and DARW. Data penelitian diperoleh dari Scripts Orbit and Permanent Array Center (SOPAC). Pengolahan data menggunakan perangkat GAMIT/GLOBK 10.5. Dengan menggunakan model linear untuk menghitung vektor komponen horizontal lempeng tektonik Indo-Australia, maka hasil pergerakan pada 4 stasiun pengamatan GPS menuju ke arah timur laut dengan 69.42-72.55 mm/tahun. Secara umum hasil penelitian memberikan error perhitungan sangat kecil yakni > 1 mm/tahun. Hasil penelitan juga menunjukkan bahwa bahwa stasiun COCO mengalami peningkatan pergerak ke arah Utara-Selatan jika dibandingakan dengan penelitian sebelumnya. Peningkatan pergerakan ke arah utara ini menuju Pulau Sumatra mungkin disebabkan oleh adanya pergerakan mantle relaxation akibat gempa-gempa bumi besar pada dua dekade terakhir pada zona subduksi Sumatra.
PENGARUH VARIASI JARAK ELEKTRODA DAN WAKTU TERHADAP PH DAN TDS LIMBAH CAIR BATIK MENGGUNAKAN METODE ELEKTROKOAGULASI
Authors: Fendriani Yoza , Nurhidayah  , Handayani Linda , Samsidar  , Rustan
Published: August 2020

Peningkatan produksi suatu industri selalu diikuti oleh peningkatan produksi limbah yang dihasilkan. Industri batik skala rumah tangga umumnya juga belum memiliki instalasi pengolahan limbah cair sehingga limbah langsung dibuang ke lingkungan atau badan air. Hal ini memberikan dampak yang buruk terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat suatu teknologi pengolahan limbah cair menggunakan metode elektrokoagulasi yang diintegrasikan dengan sistem filter dan menguji efisiensinya terhadap kenaikan kadar keasaman limbah dan penurunan jumlah padatan terlarut (TDS) dari limbah tersebut. Sampel yang digunakan merupakan limbah batik dari salah satu industri batik di kota Jambi sejumlah 20 liter. Elektroda yang digunakan terbuat dari aluminium sebagai anoda dan besi sebagai katoda. Jumlah katoda dan anoda masing-masingnya adalah 4 buah dengan ukuran 60cm x 30cm x 3cm. Tegangan yang digunakan adalah 40 Volt dengan memvariasikan jarak antar elektroda dan waktu pengolahan limbah. Sebelum limbah diolah menggunakan reaktor dilakukan penyaringan dan analisis karakter awal terlebih dahulu.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efisiensi reaktor elektrokoagulasi dalam menaikkan pH mencapai 60% hingga 123% dengan rata-rata kenaikan pH 80,83%. Pada perlakuan yang sama, metode elektrokoagulasi memiliki efisiensi dalam menurunkan konsentrasi TDS hingga 50,56 %. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa metode ini cukup efektif dalam proses pengolahan limbah cair hingga sesuai baku mutu limbah cair.
Estudio experimental sobre el secado de bagazo de caña de azúcar panelera
Authors: Villalba Vidales Jorge , Arzola de la Peña Nelson
Published: August 2020

Optimizar el secado de biomasa para mejorar los procesos de combustión, se constituye en una de las principales herramientas con las que cuentan los pequeños y medianos productores agroindustriales en las áreas rurales de Colombia para ser competitivos. Por esta razón el desarrollo de estudios experimentales se convierte en una prioridad para mejorar la competitividad del sector rural en Colombia. En este sentido el presente documento muestra el desarrollo del estudio de la cinética experimental del bagazo de caña panelera, así como su contraste con modelos matemáticos usados para le predicción de la cinética de secado. Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser útiles como referencia para el diseño efectivo de sistemas de secado de bagazo de caña de azúcar.
Análisis numérico unidimensional del proceso de infiltración en suelos parcialmente saturados reforzados con geosintéticos permeables
Authors: García-Aristizábal Edwin Fabián , Guzmán-Martínez Juan Carlos , Gallego-Hernández Alba Nury , Vega-Posada Carlos Alberto
Published: August 2020

Este estudio presenta un análisis numérico del proceso de infiltración de agua en columnas unidimensionales de suelo y suelo-geosintético bajo condiciones parcialmente saturadas. El análisis se enfoca en evaluar la presencia de la barrera capilar bajo distintos escenarios de lluvia, presión de poros negativa inicial y permeabilidad del suelo. Los resultados mostraron una baja capacidad del geosintético para actuar como material filtrante cuando el suelo se encuentra en bajos niveles de presión de poros, permitiendo la acumulación de agua en el suelo ubicado por encima del geosintético. Esta investigación aporta al conocimiento de la respuesta hidráulica en la interacción suelo-geosintético.
Benzotriazole derivatives palladium complex: Synthesis, characterization, antifungal and catalytic activity
Authors: Patiño Rivera Julian , Galarza de Becerra Esperanza , De la Vega Quintero Gala Paulina , Vesga Hernández Carolina , De la Parra Morales Alvaro Francisco
Published: August 2020

Se sintetizaron dos nuevos complejos de paladiobenzotriazol (7) y (8), a partir de los ligandos 1,3-fenilen-((1Hbenzotriazol-1-il)metanona) (3) y 1,3-bis(1H-benzotriazol-1-ilmetil)benceno (5). Su actividad antifúngica y catalítica en la reacción de Mizoroki-Heck fue evaluada preliminarmente, encontrándose que los complejos de paladio son más efectivos que los ligandos libres contra el hongo Aspergillus niger y que el número de recambio (TON) para los complejos 7 y 8 fue de 221 y 219, respectivamente, el cual está por debajo del promedio encontrado en la literatura para este tipo de complejos.
Modelo con autómatas celulares para analizar la accesibilidad peatonal al interior del campus universitario Meléndez de La Universidad Del Valle
Authors: Vargas Forero Victor Manuel , Muñoz Ceballos Luz Estela , García Baños Ángel , Jaramillo Molina Ciro
Published: August 2020

En este trabajo se presenta un modelo que usa un autómata celular para investigar la accesibilidad peatonal al interior del campus de la Universidad del Valle, que, actualmente, cuenta con 1.000.000 m2, con un área construida de 164.469,35 m2 correspondiente a 56 edificios y con una movilidad de 15.500 peatones aproximadamente. El modelo es usado para simular el comportamiento del flujo peatonal sobre una red de corredores, que permite observar patrones emergentes de accesibilidad en las horas pico al interior del campus universitario, para así identificar, entender y encontrar las necesidades de movilidad de sus usuarios en los canales peatonales y facilitar la toma de decisiones en la mejora de la red peatonal para su ampliación o construcción. Para la construcción del modelo, se propuso una modificación de la vecindad de Moore y el desarrollo del prototipo se realizó mediante Desarrollo Dirigido por Comportamiento. El modelo representa el problema de movilidad peatonal en términos microscópicos y macroscópicos, y la implementación presenta dos entornos visuales: una interfaz gráfica en la que se ve la ejecución de la simulación y una interfaz modo carácter que solo muestra los resultados en un informe. Según los resultados de la implementación del modelo, los peatones en el autómata celular tienen el comportamiento esperado y resuelven los conflictos en la red de corredores de su origen a su destino, según las rutas definidas y en los tiempos esperados.
Procesamiento de imágenes de electroforesis bidimensional: una revisión
Authors: Villegas-Rivera Gerardo Antonio , Torres-Madronero Maria C , Rothlisberger Booth Sarah , Delgado Trejos Edilson
Published: August 2020

Este artículo presenta una revisión de las técnicas y algoritmos aplicados al procesamiento y análisisde imágenes de electroforesis bidimensional (2DGE). La electroforesis bidimensional permite separar cientos de proteínas en un único gel, mostrando un patrón característico. En el análisis de imágenes es importante una correcta detección de las proteínas presentes, ya que cualquier error en esta etapa puede llevar a la detección de falsas proteínas, o a obviar proteínas importantes, pero de baja abundancia, lo cual afectaría los resultados del análisis. Técnicas de segmentación son empleadas para separar las proteínas del fondo y encontrar anomalías. Los métodos empleados para la segmentación de imágenes 2DGE se pueden clasificar como: basados en detección de bordes, morfológicos, umbralización y basados en regiones. En muchos estudios proteómicos se hace necesario la fusión o registro de imágenes para la identificación y comparación de patrones de varias muestras diferentes. Para este proceso de fusión se pueden usar las imágenes originales o los resultados de la segmentación. A pesar de los avances significativos en el campo de procesamiento de imágenes 2DGE, no se encuentran en la literatura métodos completamente automatizados. Las herramientas comerciales disponibles para el análisis y procesamiento de imágenes 2DGE requieren que el usuario seleccione adecuadamente ciertos parámetros, de los cuales dependen los resultados arrojados por el software. Este artículo revisa diferentes técnicas para el procesamiento de las imágenes 2DGE. Especial atención es dada a las técnicas de segmentación y registro de imágenes.
Numerical based approach for predicting the response of flexible risers under oscillatory flows at Low Re and KC numbers
Authors: Valencia-Cardenas Maria Catalina , Riveros-Jerez Carlos Alberto
Published: August 2020

La predicción de respuesta en tuberías verticales flexibles se basa en modelos semiempíricos limitados por escasez de datos experimentales para modelados particulares. Este artículo presenta un enfoque numérico para predecir la respuesta de tuberías verticales flexibles en flujos oscilatorios. Se implementa un grado de libertad en un sistema de masa-resorte amortiguado, con la masa habilitada para moverse en la dirección transversal al flujo. Las ecuaciones de Navier-Stokes son discretizadas empleando el Método de Volúmenes Finitos. Los patrones de flujo en cada régimen son analizados en períodos de oscilación extensos. Se emplea un modelo bidimensional simulado en OpenFOAM. Se analiza el comportamiento del flujo, fuerzas hidrodinámicas y frecuencias para los valores de Reynolds entre 40 y 1000 utilizando 𝑲𝑪 𝟕, 𝟗. Para Reynolds, inferiores a 300, el comportamiento del modelo está de acuerdo con la literatura. Para valores de Reynolds 300 o más, algunas discrepancias aparecen en la dinámica del sistema. Los resultados numéricos obtenidos apartir del enfoque numérico propuesto concuerdan con los datos experimentales recopilados en un modelo de tubería vertical flexible
Performance comparison between PWM and MPPT charge controllers
Authors: Sepulveda Mora Sergio Basilio , Luna Paipa Eduardo Andrés , Laguado Serrano Miguel Angel , Bustos Márquez Luis Fernando
Published: August 2020

Los controladores de carga son implementados en varios sistemas electrónicos con el objetivo de proteger y controlar la carga y descarga de una batería; en el caso de los controladores utilizados en sistemas fotovoltaicos autónomos se implementan dos tipos de tecnologías, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) y Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). En este artículo se compararon dos controladores de carga con diseños originales en sistemas fotovoltaicos con las mismas especificaciones técnicas para determinar el comportamiento de cada uno bajo condiciones ambientales similares. La implementación de ambos controladores de carga se basó en software y hardware con diseños originales, utilizando tecnología PWM y MPPT. Ambos sistemas están compuestos por el controlador de carga, un panel solar de 30 W y una batería de 12 V a 18 Ah; se realizaron las pruebas experimentales de ambos controladores midiendo voltaje y corriente en el panel y en la batería en procesos de carga y descarga, observando que el controlador MPPT tiene una eficiencia promedio mayor que el controlador PWM debido a que el tipo de tecnología implementada influye directamente en la eficiencia, incluso ante valores menos favorables de radiación solar y temperatura ambiente. El controlador PWM es una opción de eficiencia aceptable y además de bajo costo respecto al controlador MPPT. En la implementación de ambos controladores se calcularon tiempos de autonomía similares.
Comparación entre algunas técnicas de interpoladores una aplicación en ingeniería
Authors: Devia Narváez Diana Marcela , Correa Vélez German , Mesa Fernado
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo contiene una detallada comparación entre la interpolación polinómica de Lagrange y de Hermite al momento de aproximar una función. Inicialmente se exponen la parte teórica acerca de cada procedimiento de interpolación, se exponen las condiciones de análisis comparativo entre aproximaciones, explicando las pruebas y el cálculo del error a realizar.
Some Aspects of Socialist Modernization in the Croatian Cities
Authors: Bara Mario
Published: August 2020

The paper focuses on the period of socialist modernization in Croatian urban settings, in a country guided by ideologically shaped administrative measures, absence of social pluralism, and private economic initiatives. The socialist regime mainly promoted the announced transformation of social and economic relations, as well as technical progress, in the urban areas, where cultural and symbolic interventions took place along with the technical ones. The socialist city was to become an ideal city that met all the needs of the “working people”. Industrialization and urbanization caused labour migration from rural to urban areas. Due to the large number of new residents in the cities, the authorities paid much attention to housing policies. Accelerated construction resulted in a discrepancy with the existing urban and communal infrastructure. The consequences of half a century of socialist modernization in the cities were most evident in the altered population structure. At the beginning of the observed period, only one quarter of the population lived in cities, but when the socialist epoch ended, this ratio was over 50 %. The negative consequences of socialist modernization in the cities could be seen in the polarized development of the main urban centres, the unevenly developed network of medium-sized and small towns, and the depopulation of a significant part of rural areas.