bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Type-2 Radial Basis Function Neural Networks Mandami System to Evaluate Quality Features
Authors: Dorantes Pascual Noradino Montes , Méndez Gerardo Maximiliano , Gómez Marco Aurelio Jiménez , Santoyo Adriana Mexicano
Published: September 2021

This paper presents type-1 and type-2 radial basis function networks to evaluate quality features. The proposed methodology fuses the central composite design and the radial basis function neural networks in type-1 or interval type-2 model to generate a network that evaluates quality features in an industrial image processing. The advantages of this proposal include that training is not required to get an accurate result and that the generation of the fuzzy rule base using central composite design method and statistical indicators is simplified. Another advantage is the excellent results obtained with the proposal. Experimentation shows an error reduction of 90% when the interval type 2 Mandami Radial basis function neural network compared against its type-1 counterpart using the Gaussian membership functions onto a radial basis function network.
An Overview of Meta-Analysis for the Importance of the Overexpression of Detoxification Genes in Insecticide Resistance
Authors: Wang Yifan , Wilson Alan E. , Liu Nannan
Published: September 2021

Insect-borne diseases, such as malaria, and plant pathogens, like the tobacco mosaic virus, are responsible for human deaths and poor crop yields in communities around the world. The use of insecticides has been one of the major tools in the insect pest control. However, the development of insecticide resistance has been a major problem in the control of insect pest populations that threaten the health of both humans and plants. The overexpression of detoxification genes is thought to be one of the major mechanisms through which pests develop resistance to insecticides. Hundreds of research papers have explored how overexpressed detoxification genes increase the resistance status of insects to an insecticide in recent years; this study is, for the first, a synthesis of these research data aimed at (1) examining the overexpression of metabolic detoxification genes and their involvement in increased levels of resistance to different insecticides in diverse insect species, including agriculturally and medically important insect species. While (2) seeking to determine if the overexpression detoxification genes are most responsible for insecticide resistance in insect pests in general. The strongly correlated with increased levels of insecticide resistance were observed in tested insects with the cytochrome P450 (CYP), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and esterase gene superfamilies confirming that the overexpression of detoxification genes is indeed involved in insecticide metabolism of insects, including medical (e.g., mosquito and housefly) and agricultural (e.g., planthopper and caterpillar) insect pests.
CRP Detection Using Gold Nanosensors – Effect of Layer Thickness and Immobilization Chemistry
Authors: Kastner Stephan , Pritzke Pia , Csáki Andrea , Fritzsche Wolfgang
Published: September 2021

The immobilization of a capture molecule represents a crucial step for effective usage of gold nanoparticles in localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based bioanalytics. Depending on the immobilization method used, the resulting capture layer is of varying thickness. Thus, the target binding event takes place in different distances to the gold surface. Using the example of a C-reactive protein (CRP) immunoassay, different immobilization methods were tested and investigated with regard to their resulting target signal strength. The dependency of the target signal on the distance to the gold surface was investigated utilizing polyelectrolyte bilayers of different thickness. It could be experimentally demonstrated how much the LSPR-shift triggered by a binding event on the gold nanoparticles decreases with increasing distance to the gold surface. Thus, the sensitivity of an LSPR assay is influenced by the choice of immobilization chemistry.
Acaricidal Activity of UV-C irradiation on Tetranychus urticae and eggs using pulsed krypton fluoride excimer laser
Authors: Gala Jean-Luc , Rebane Ott , Ambroise Jérôme , Babichenko Sergey , Nyabi Omar , Hance Thierry
Published: September 2021

Background

While pulsed UV-C light sources such as excimer lasers are used in emerging non-thermal food decontamination method, they also have a high potential for a wide range of other microbial decontamination applications. The acaricidal effect of an experimental UV-C irradiation device was assessed using two-spotted spider mite female adults Tetranychus urticae and eggs as a model.
Methods

The UV-C light source was generated by a pulsed krypton fluoride (KrF) excimer laser operating at 248 nm emission wavelength. Pulse energy and pulse repetition rate were 5mJ, and up to 100Hz rate, respectively. Distance from light source to target was 150 mm with a target surface of 21.6 cm². The exposure time of the mite and fresh eggs varied from 1 to 4 minutes at a power of 300 mW. The post-irradiation acaricidal effects (mites’ mortality) were assessed immediately and measured 24 h post-irradiation. Effects on the hatchability of irradiated eggs were observed daily post-irradiation for up to 12 days.
Results

The mortality of mites observed with an energy amount of 5 and 40 mJ/mm² was 26% and 90%, respectively. The mortality at 80 mJ/mm² reached 99%. The effect of exposure duration on mortality was minimal. The effect of irradiation of eggs hatchability was even more important, with about 100% mortality with as little as 5 mJ/mm² for each exposure time.
Conclusions

A high mite mortality and lethal egg damage was already observed after less than 1 min exposure to UV-C pulsed irradiation. Pending further developments and feasibility studies, the current results and features of the UV-C generator (energy output modulation and applicability to varying spot sizes) open up a large field of germicidal applications requiring long-range radiation.
A Novel Machine Learning-based Approach for the Detection and Analysis of Spontaneous Synaptic Currents
Authors: Pircher Thomas , Pircher Bianca , Feigenspan Andreas
Published: September 2021

Spontaneous synaptic activity is a hallmark of neural networks. A thorough description of these synaptic signals is essential for understanding neurotransmitter release and the generation of a postsynaptic response. However, the complexity of synaptic current trajectories has either precluded an in-depth analysis or it has forced human observers to resort to manual or semi-automated approaches based on subjective amplitude and area threshold settings. Both procedures are time-consuming, error-prone and likely affected by human bias. Here, we present three complimentary methods for a fully automated analysis of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents measured in major cell types of the mouse retina and in a primary culture of mouse auditory cortex. Two approaches rely on classical threshold methods, while the third represents a novel machine learning-based algorithm. Comparison with frequently used existing methods demonstrates the suitability of our algorithms for an unbiased and efficient analysis of synaptic signals in the central nervous system.
Fear of (COVID-19) and its relationship to Enneagram patterns among a sample of Yemeni community members
Authors: Al-Obaidi Mohammed Ibrahim
Published: September 2021

The study aimed to determine the COVID-19 fear pattern, the common Enneagram pattern in Yemeni society, and the relationship between COVID-19 fear and Enneagram patterns. The study sample consisted of (360) individuals (youth - adults) who were randomly selected. The researcher used the Ingram scale according to (RISO) theory. The results showed that there is no fear of COVID-19 as a dominant pattern. The peacemaker type is the dominant personality type in Yemeni society, followed by the achieved type. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between peacemaker and courage from COVID-19. The study concluded that The attitude of no (COVID-19) fear was the prevailing personality pattern among members of Yemeni society. The Enneagram pattern (the peacemaker) was the dominant pattern in the personality of Yemeni society members, followed by the achieved pattern. There was a negative, strong and relationship between fear of (COVID-19) and between the two patterns of Enneagram (unique) and (peacemaker) in the personality of the Yemeni community members. The attitude of no (COVID-19) fear was related negatively with the unhealthy aspect of the (singular) and (peacemaker) patterns of Enneagram (singular) and (peacemaker) in the personality of Yemeni community members.
The Effectiveness of Interpersonal Psychotherapy Versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Xie Qihang , Yi Pengcheng , Hu Xinyang , Lei Jianxiang , Kong Jiacheng , Zhang Yang , Liang Meng , Luo Jingyi , Li Xiaoming
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) has been proposed as a treatment strategy for eating disorders (EDs). However, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the treatment more effectively and widely used than IPT. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the effectiveness of IPT versus CBT on EDs. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane, Web of Science, and the Clinical Trials Database for RCTs that compared IPT and CBT.Results: Of 468 studies initially identified, 10 were suitable for incorporation into our meta-analysis (N = 833 participants). In those studies, IPT and CBT had comparable effects in terms of primary outcome (i.e., ED score) (SMD = 0.08), while IPT had a better effect in terms of secondary outcome (i.e., Inventory of Interpersonal Problems) (SMD = 0.32) than CBT. Compared with CBT, IPT had a better treatment effect for ED populations with lower Body Mass Index (SMD = 0.27) and age (SMD = 0.43). IPT and CBT both had follow-up effects of pre-test and follow-up comparison after fewer than 6 months (SMD = 1.61, 1.83), 6–12 months (SMD =1.48, 1.65), and more than 12 months (SMD = 1.29, 1.33). At the same time, only CBT showed a dose-response relationship trend (β = 0.017, p = 0.067). Conclusion: The meta-analysis provided clear evidence that IPT is an effective treatment measure for patients with EDs. This review also suggested that future research is needed to determine the effects of IPT in the treatment of EDs.Level of evidence Level I, systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bioaccessibilities and health risk assessment of heavy metals in dust from the Guizhou-Guiyang urban zone, China
Authors: 郁鑫杰  , 王济  , 蔡雄飞  , 张帅  , 李丁  , 赵帅  , 徐蝶
Published: September 2021

To investigate the health risks of heavy metals in dust entering the human body from different exposure pathways. In this study, the old urban area of Guiyang was used as the study area to understand the heavy metals concentrations in surface dust, including recreational plazas, main streets, hospitals, residential areas, and schools in this city, and the bioaccessibility in the simulated lung phase and simulated gastrointestinal phase. The results showed that the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, and Cr in the dust were higher than the background values, especially the Zn content exceeded the background value by 9.71 times. The bioaccessibility results indicated that the most soluble heavy metals in the simulated lung phase, simulated gastric phase, and simulated intestinal phase were Zn, Ni, and Cu, respectively, and the bioaccessibility of most heavy metals was significantly higher in the gastric phase than in the intestinal phase, and only Cu was higher in the intestinal phase than in the gastric phase. The linear results fit suggested that the total amount of heavy metals alone could not predict the human intake of heavy metals in the dust. Human health risk assessment based on bioaccessibility showed that children had higher non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks than adults for both hand-to-mouth ingestion and respiratory inhalation exposure pathways, but none of them exceeded the limit values.
Valorisation of Chinese hickory shell as novel sources for the efficient production of xylooligosaccharides
Authors: Wang Zhi-Kun , Huang Caoxing , Zhong Jun-Lei , Tang Lv , Li Bing , Sheng Jian-Jun , Chen Liang , Sun Shaolong , Shen Xiaojun
Published: September 2021

Chinese hickory shell, a by-product of the food industry, is still not utilized and urgent to develop sustainable technologies for its valorization. This research focuses on the systematical evaluation of degraded products and xylooligosaccharide production with high yield from the shell via hydrothermal process. The results indicated that the pretreatment condition strongly affected the chemical structures and compositions of the liquid fraction. The maximum yield of XOS (55.3 wt%) with limitation of by-products formation was achieved at 160 oC for 2 h. High temperature (220 oC) and short time (0.5 h) contributed to hydrolysis of xylooligosaccharide with high DP to yield 37.5 wt% xylooligosaccharide with DP from 2 to 6. xylooligosaccharide obtained mainly consisted of xylan with branches according to the HSQC NMR analysis. Overall, the production of XOS with a high yield from food waste will facilitate the valorization of food waste in the biorefinery industry.
A Novel Electromagnetic Mill Promoted Mechanochemical Solid-State Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions: Ultra-Low Catalyst Loading without Molecular Dispersants
Authors: Li Xin , Liu Yunxia , Zhang Lizhi , Dong Yunhui , Liu Qing , Zhang Daopeng , Chen Lei , Liu Hui , Zhao Zengdian
Published: September 2021

The Nobel-prize-winning Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling(SMC) is a practical and attractive strategy for the construction of C-C bonds in both academic and industrial settings. However, the development of solid-state SMC reactions remains extremely scarce. Herein, we report the first electromagnetic mill(EMM) promoted solid-state SMC reaction using ultra-low palladium loading(0.05 mol%) without any molecular dispersants. This protocol exhibits substantially broadened substrate scope, good functional groups tolerance and efficient gram-scale synthesis, especially, provides relative high yields. The utility of this strategy was exemplified in the modification of photoluminescence molecules, cross-coupling of slightly soluble compound and synthesis of several important bioactive molecules. Furthermore, the XPS analyses on the oxidation state changes of palladium catalyst suggest the involvement of PdI intermediate which might be the active catalytic species. This solvent-free solid-state EMM-SMC was potential developed into industrially attractive and environmentally friendly routes, and the EMM system developed in this study could unlock broad areas of chemical space for solvent-free solid-state metal-catalyzed syntheses of valuable targets in various scientific fields.
Effect of male partner involvement on maternity waiting home utilization in Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia: a cluster-randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Yarinbab Teklemariam , Abera Mubarek , Harrison Margo , Belachew Tefera
Published: September 2021

BackgroundThe primary cause of adverse maternal health outcomes has been identified to be the delay in reaching care at health facility. This is often attributed to the long distances’ women need to travel to gain access to health facilities. Literature show that maternity waiting homes (MWHs) contribute significantly to the reduction of maternal death and stillbirth among users. Despite its importance in improving maternal & neonatal health outcomes, the utilization of MWHs is very low in Ethiopia. So, it is important to investigate what strategies could be effective in improving MWH utilization in Ethiopia. The aim of this study is to assess if male partner involvement could be used as a solution to improve MWH utilization in Ethiopia.Methods/designThis study will evaluate the effect of male partner involvement on MWH utilization in Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia. A behavioral intervention will be performed using a cluster-randomized controlled trial design. The intervention will have two arms, i.e., experimental and control arms. The study participants will be pregnant women in their second trimesters with their male partners. The total trial sample size will be 388. That means 194 study participants in each arm. Randomization will be conducted at cluster level. Study participants and assessors will be masked. Data analysis will be performed by STATA version 14.0 using an Intention-To-Treat Approach.DiscussionThe content of the intervention will be group health education, home visits, and phone counseling. Health education will be delivered to "husband-expectant wife" pairs at the baseline. Then home visits will be conducted at the beginning of every month, and phone counseling will be conducted in the third week of every month for consecutive six months. The anticipated trial commencement time is November 2021.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05015023. Registered August 20, 2021. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05015023
Giant complex non-parasitic splenic cyst in a young boy: is laparoscopic spleen-preserving surgery safe?
Authors: Boscarelli Alessandro , Miglietta Marta , Murru Flora-Maria , Maita Sonia , Scarpa Maria-Grazia , Codrich Daniela , Schleef Jurgen
Published: September 2021

Non-parasitic splenic cysts are an uncommon finding in pediatric patients. We report on a 14-year-old male presenting with a giant abdominal mass. Imaging documented a giant splenic cyst, and preoperative blood tests revealed high levels of CA125. Minimally invasive unroofing of the cyst was performed. Notably, the cyst content was hematic, but histopathological studies described a mesothelial cyst lining. To date, no recurrence has been noted. Laparoscopic spleen-preserving surgery appears to be a valid and safe treatment option in children with complex non-parasitic splenic cyst to preserve the splenic parenchyma.
SERIAL IMAGING OF A CHILD WITH LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE AT BETHESDA HOSPITAL, YOGYAKARTA: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Pradnyana Jourdy Kharisma
Published: September 2021

Background: Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a rare condition of idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head, mostly affects children under fifteen old. Most cases only affect one femoral head; bilateral involvement only occurs in about 15% of cases. Early diagnosis and prompt intervention play an important role in the prognosis to prevent degenerative damage on the bones and joints.

Objective: To describe a case of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease in a 9-year-old boy in Bethesda Hospital, Yogyakarta.

Case Description: A 9-year-old boy came with one month history of worsening pelvic pain to Bethesda Hospital, Yogyakarta. He also showed limping and limited mobility. Initial imaging studies did not find any abnormalities. Further follow-up with MSCT scan related to the complaint of persistent pain showed defects of left hip joint indicating Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. The patient undergone skin traction treatment which shows modest improvement on serial radiographic examinations during hospital admission.

Conclusion: The rarity of LCPD warrant thorough imaging studies on children with unexplainable severe hip joint pain. Treatment should be initiated as early as possible after diagnosis to prevent further bone damage and worsening prognosis. Conservative management with skin traction would benefit the patient in restoring normal anatomy and optimal joint congruence to prevent degenerative damage to the joints.
CHEST IMAGING FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF COVID-19 ON A PATIENT WITHOUT RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Widiastana Wahyu , Perdamaian Teguh Kristian , Dermoredjo Sutaryanu
Published: September 2021

Background: The Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is transmitted through droplet and aerosol from the respiratory tract of an infected person; and fomites from infected linen and surface. On August 1, 2020, in Yogyakarta, there were 741 confirmed positive cases of COVID-19, and it is still possible to increase. In the time of understanding COVID-19, there are many cases with atypical presentation, including gastrointestinal symptoms.
Objective: To describe a COVID-19 case without respiratory symptoms and the role of radiology in detecting COVID-19.
Case Description: A 55-year-old male patient came to the hospital complaining of nausea and loss of appetite. Based on the results of the physical examination, there was flatulence. Initial investigations revealed a non-reactive SARS CoV 2 IgG and IgM result. Further non-contrast MSCT Thorax showed infiltrates with bilateral sub-pleural posterolateral consolidation, particularly the left, showing typical pneumonia. Multiple blebs were also found, denoting bronchiectasis. Confirmatory RT-PCR result was positive for SARS CoV 2.
Conclusion: COVID-19 usually presents with common respiratory symptoms. However, some patients also experience gastrointestinal symptoms that initially were not detected as COVID-19. In time of COVID-19 pandemic, persistent gastrointestinal symptoms in a high-risk patients warrant further chest imaging and RT-PCR of SARS CoV-2 to detect or exclude the possibility of COVID-19 diagnosis.
SEROPREVALENCE OF COXIELLA BURNETII IN BULK TANK MILKSAMPLES OFFERED FOR SALE IN ERZURUM
Authors:   Veterinary Control Institute, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey., Yanmaz Berna
Published: September 2021

Coxiellaburnetii is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium that causes Q fever in humans. Detection of Coxiellaburnetii in raw milk sample is accomplished by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. This study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of coxiellaburnetii in bulk tank milk samples of 24 cattle and 8 goats, which were offered for sale in Erzurum, Turkey. Moreover, pH values were also measured to detect possible relation with pH value and C. burnetiiseropositivity of milk sample. C. burnetii was found positive in 16 (66.7%) of the 24 cattle bulk tank milk samples, and 1 (12.5%) of the 8 goat milk. No statistically significant relation was observed between pH values and positivity of cattle bulk tank milk samples. In conclusion, seropositivity of the milk samples were very high in Erzurum, Turkey. The raw milk sold in local market may cause shedding of Q fever. Therefore, the raw milk should be subjected to heat treatment before consumption to prevent possible transmission of Q fever disease.
Ethnographic Study of Perspective and Attitude of Breastfeeding Mothers Towards the use of Elaeis Guineensis Sap As Galactagogue Among Igbo Women Oof Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Chikezie Okamkpa Jude , Chike Anibeze Ikechukwu , Ignatius Ozor Ikemefuna , Ndu Ikenna Kingsely , Umeh Uchenna Anthony
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE: As an age-old traditional practice, nursing mothers from southeastern Nigeria use the Elaeis guineensis sap (from the oil palm tree also referred to as palm wine) to induce and sustain lactation a few hours after delivery. This practice is still ongoing to date, despite the scarcity of clinical data supporting its efficacy and safety. This study aimed to generate preliminary data on the prevalence, perceptions, and behaviors related to the use of Elaeis guineensis sap as a galactagogue.
STUDY DESIGN: Mothers who had breastfed or breastfeeding at the time of the survey, were invited to complete a questionnaire that asked about their, perceptions, efficacy, and possible side effects of Elaeis guineensis sap on both mother and child during breastfeeding. Chi-square analysis was used to conduct data analysis.
RESULT: A total of 5002 mothers completed the survey with 61% reporting use of Elaeis guineensis sap (palm wine) following parturition. Most of the respondents (73%) attained tertiary education. The practice was mostly recommended by direct relatives (38%) while the commonest reason for this practice was perceived insufficient milk production (32.2%). The majority of the respondents (52%) were satisfied with the outcome while 44% reported no negative side effects.
CONCLUSION: The use of Elaeis guineensis sap by mothers following parturition is common in south-eastern Nigeria. However, randomized control studies are needed to provide evidence for the efficacy and safety of this plant product. This will be relevant to the formation of intercultural health policies which will value and respect the positive cultural practices of a people.
Features of oral immunity indicators in patients with phlegmons of the maxillofacial region against the background of insulin-independent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shchenin Andrei V.
Published: September 2021

Objective: studying the interrelations of the local oral immunity indicators which allow to predict the severity of phlegmons course in patients with maxillofacial region phlegmons against the background of insulin-independent diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. 44 patients were included in this prospective study. The main group: 19 patients with the maxillofacial region phlegmons and the type 2 diabetes mellitus as a concomitant pathology (PH+DM). The comparison group: 20 patients with the maxillofacial region phlegmons with no diabetes mellitus among the concomitant pathologies (PH). The control group: 5 patients were undergoing routine surgical treatment in the maxillofacial surgery department. The groups were comparable in age, gender, and phlegmon treatment (p > 0.05). Levels of the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, the humoral immunity factors and the microbial adsorption reaction (MAR) index to the oral epithelial cells were determined in the saliva of patients on the 1st and 5th days. The obtained data were statistically processed. Results. On the 1st day of hospital treatment the PH+DM group revealed an increase in interleukin-6, a decrease in interleukin-10 and lactoferrin as compared to the PH and control groups (p < 0.05). On the 5th day of the treatment the interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels did not differ between PH+DM and the control groups (p < 0.05). The interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 levels were lower in the PH+DM and PH groups than in the control group on the 5th day (p < 0.05). The lactoferrin level in the PH+DM group was lower than in the PH and control groups (p < 0.05). The significant negative correlation was found between the MAR index values and SOFA (Sequential organ failure assessment score) points in patients with sepsis, R = -0.9 (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The delayed regression of the saliva inflammation indicators was specific for the PH+DM group patients in comparison with the PH group patients. The MAR index below 10% may be a predictor of unfavorable course of the phlegmon development.
Chronic heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus: prospects for optimizing pharmacotherapy of comorbid pathology
Authors: Povetkin Sergey V.
Published: September 2021

The objective is to provide an overview of the literature data concerning the optimization of pharmacotherapy of comorbid pathology - chronic heart failure and diabetes mellitus. The article discusses the pathogenetic mechanisms of the negative mutual influence of chronic heart failure (CHF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on their course and prognosis in patients with this comorbid pathology. Along with the discussion of the leading groups of drugs used for the treatment of CHF with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with T2DM, priority classes of drugs for the treatment of patients with diastolic heart failure and their effect on the prognosis in the discussed contingent of patients are considered. An important area of therapy for people with CHF and T2DM is the use of hypoglycemic drugs that can have a positive effect on the course of cardiac pathology and change the prognosis in such patients. The article discusses the results of a number of randomized clinical trials evaluating the cardioprotective effect of modern classes of hypoglycemic agents: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors. According to the presented studies, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists had a neutral or favorable effect on the prognosis in patients with cardiovascular diseases of atherosclerotic genesis and/or risk factors for their development, but did not affect the course of CHF. For the current period, the most significant drugs in terms of a positive effect on the prognosis in patients with diabetes mellitus and CHF are those from the SGLT-2 inhibitors group. The paper discusses in detail the results of clinical studies on the use of agents of the above-mentioned group in persons with CHF and diabetes mellitus and reviews the pharmacodynamic mechanisms that determine the cardioprotective effect of these drugs. The paper presents modern data that allow discussing the prospects for the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with CHF without T2DM.
Morphological and anatomical structure of Medicago Lupulina L. flowers
Authors: Drozdova Irina L. , Trembalya Yanina S. , Bogoslovskikh Daria D. , Orynbasarova Kulpan K. , Omiraliev Murat A.
Published: September 2021

The genus Alfalfa of the legume family (Fabaceae) includes about 60 species of herbaceous plants. One of the most widespread representatives in Russia and Kazakhstan is Medicago lupulina L. In the scientific medicine of Russia and Kazakhstan Medicago lupulina L. is currently not used. There is no approved pharmacopoeial article for this plant. However, this species has long been used in traditional medicine for a variety of diseases. For introduction into scientific medicine, it is necessary to develop authenticity indicators and conduct a study of morphological and anatomical signs of the structure of Medicago lupulina L. flowers. Objective: to conduct a macro-and microscopic study of the structure of the alfalfa hop flowers; to identify and characterize the signs that are of differential importance in the diagnosis of raw materials. Materials and methods. The study of morphological and anatomical features of Medicago lupulina L. was carried out in accordance with the articles of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation of the XIV edition and the State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Freshly harvested, dried and fixed raw materials were used for the study. Results. For the first time, macro- and microdiagnostic signs of flowers of Medicago lupulina L. were described. Conclusion. For the first time macroscopic and microscopic features of flowers of Medicago lupulina L. were identified and described, which can be used to determine the authenticity of raw materials, as well as to develop the sections «External signs» and «Microscopic signs» of modern regulatory documentation.
ROLE OF SPINAL MOBILITY ON UNSUPPORTED UPPER EXTREMITY EXERCISE CAPACITY IN ASYMPTOMATIC INDIVIDUALS
Authors: ÖZSOY İsmail , ÖZSOY Gülşah , BÜYÜKTURAN Buket , BARUT Özge , TURHAN Atahan , BÜYÜKTURAN Öznur
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Upper extremities are important to perform activities of daily living. Although, the relationship between upper extremity movements and spinal region is known; to the best of our knowledge, the relationship between unsupported upper extremity exercise capacity (UUEEC) and spinal mobility has not been studied. The first aim of our study was to examine the relationship between the UUEEC and spinal mobility. The second aim of the study was to determine whether spinal mobility is a predictor of the UUEEC. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional. Forty asymptomatic and volunteer individuals were included in the study. The 6-minute pegboard and ring test (6PBRT) was performed to assess the UUEEC. Spinal mobility was assessed to use a hand-held, computer-assisted electromechanical device. The analysis of spinal mobility in the sagittal (SAP – maximal extension/flexion) and the coronal (CRP – maximal left/right lateral flexion) plane was measured. Results: The 6PBRT score had significant correlation with the SAP spinal mobility (r=0.361, p=0.022) and the CRP spinal mobility (r=0.322, p=0.043). Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that the SAP spinal mobility was significant and independent determinants of the 6PBRT score with 11% of the variance. Conclusions: In this first study in the literature investigating the relationship between spinal mobility and the UUEEC, the SAP spinal mobility was found as a predictor of the UUEEC in asymptomatic individuals. This study demonstrates that the UUEEC can be improved by increasing spinal mobility.
THE EFFECTS OF SOFT TISSUE MOBILIZATION APPLIED TO THE SUBSCAPULARIS MUSCLE ON PAIN AND FUNCTIONALITY IN SHOULDER DYSFUNCTIONS
Authors: ATICI Emine , AYDIN Gamze , GÜLŞEN Mustafa , SURENKOK Ozgur
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study is to appreciate the soft tissue mobilization applied on the subscapularis intended to increase shoulder range of motion, function and decrease the pain will produce improvement on shoulder pathology. Methods: Patients with 48 shoulder pain and limitation were included in the study. They were divided into soft tissue mobilization (STM) group and conventional physiotherapy programme (CPP) group randomly. All patients got treatment at the clinic, including 15 sessions of 25 minutes. The first group received conventional physiotherapy treatment. The second group received soft tissue mobilization. Pain was evaluated with Visual Analog Scale (VAS), shoulder joint movements were evaluated with goniometer, overhead reach test, functionality was evaluated with Shoulder Pain and Disability Index. The cases were evaluated before, immediately after and 3 weeks after the end of treatment. Results: There were statistically significant differences in pain and range of motion results among the groups (p˂0.05). Effect sizes were large for STM group in VAS, external rotation range of motion, over head reach test parameters. However, STM group’s effect size was lower than CPP group in flexion range of motion. Conclusion: Soft tissue mobilization was found to be more effective on pain, range of motion, functionality than classical shoulder rehabilitation.
YILDIZ DENGE TESTİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: SÖĞÜT Bensu , HARPUT Gülcan , BAYRAKCI TUNAY Volga
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Yıldız denge testi (YDT) denge, propriosepsiyon ve kas koordinasyonu bileşenlerini içeren dinamik bir testtir. Ancak literatür incelendiğinde alt ekstremite fonksiyonel performansını değerlendirmek için sıklıkla kullanılan bu testi etkileyen faktörlerde fikir birliğine ulaşılmadığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sağlıklı fiziksel aktif bireylerde yıldız denge test sonuçlarını etkileyebilecek faktörleri araştırmaktı. Yöntem: Çalışmaya 30 erkek, 21 kadın olmak üzere 51 sağlıklı fiziksel olarak aktif birey dahil edildi (Yaş: 22.74±1.93 yıl; BKİ: 22.52±2.29 kg / m2, Tegner skoru>5). YDT’yi değerlendirmek anterior, posteromedial ve posterolateral uzanma yönleri seçildi ve uzanma miktarı cm olarak kaydedildi. Alt ekstremite uzunluğunun, gastroknemius/soleus kas esnekliğinin, dorsifleksiyon normal eklem hareketinin (DFNEH) ve kuadriseps kas kuvvetinin test sonuçlarına etkisi değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel analizde doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanıldı. Sonuçlar: Alt ekstremite uzunluğu tüm yönler ile orta düzeyde ve pozitif ilişki gösterdi (p0,05). DFNEH yalnızca anterior yön ile orta düzeyde ve pozitif ilişki gösterirken (p0,05). Kuadriseps kas kuvveti YDT uzanma mesafeleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı (p>0,05). Tartışma: YDT’de bireyler veya gruplar karşılaştırıldığında objektif değerlendirme yapılabilmesi için alt ekstremite uzunluğunun bireylerin uzanma mesafeleri ile normalize edilmesi gerekmektedir. Anterior yön uzanma mesafesinde limitasyon görülüyorsa DFNEH değerlendirilmesi, limitasyonun sebebini bulmak için faydalı olabilir.
The Therapeutic Potential of Algal Nanoparticles: A Brief Review
Authors: Yadav Dhananjay , Jin Jun O. , Chauhan Pallavi Singh
Published: September 2021

Recently, the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) has received tremendous
attention as a simple approach. The green pathway of biogenic synthesis of metallic NPs through
microbes may provide a sustainable and environmentally friendly protocol. Green technology is
the most innovative technology for various biological activities and lacks toxic effects. Reports
have shown the algae-mediated synthesis of metal NPs. Algae are widely used for biosynthesis as
they grow fast; they produce biomass on average ten times that of plants and are easily utilized experimentally.
In the future, the production of metal NPs by different microalgae and their biological
activity can be explored in diverse areas such as catalysis, medical diagnosis, and anti-biofilm
applications.
Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.): Focus on Nutraceutical Aspects
Authors: Nazhand Amirhossein , Durazzo Alessandra , Lucarini Massimo , Silva Amelia M. , Souto Selma B. , Severino Patricia , Souto Eliana B. , Santini Antonello
Published: September 2021

:

Medicinal plants have been globally exploiting as an alternative to chemical drugs in the
treatment of several diseases due to low unwanted side effects, environmentally friendly nature,
and low production costs. Therefore, it is important to analyze the therapeutic properties of various
medicinal plants to understand their potential bioactivity. Uncaria tomentosa is one of these medicinal
plants with many health-promoting effects. Although the geographical resources of cat's claw
go back to the remote tropics of the Amazon, industrialized countries use the plant extensively in
trade. Various parts of the plants such as flowers, leaves, Stem, hooks, and seeds are mainly used
medicinally to treat inflammation, asthma, allergies, skin impurities, microbial infections, neurodegenerative
diseases, cancer, cirrhosis, gastrointestinal disorders, arthritis, heart disease, rheumatism,
and fever. The endpoint of this review article is to prospectively scrutinize in vitro and in vivo
the therapeutic potential of this plant, especially in terms of its nutritional applications and healthbeneficial
effects.
The Antitumor Activity of Ginger against Colorectal Cancer Induced by Dimethylhydrazine
in Rats
Authors: El-Sayed Wael M. , Abdel-Rasol Mohammed A. , El-Beih Nadia M. , Yahya Shaymaa S.
Published: September 2021

Background:

Bowl or colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer with about two
million new cases every year. CRC is the second leading cause of cancer related mortalities.

Objective:

The study aims to evaluate the anticancer activity of ethanolic Ginger Extract (GE) in HCT-116 colon cells
and colorectal tumors induced by dimethylhydrazine (DMH).

Methods:

The antiproliferative activity was measured by MTT assay and the gene expression was assessed by q-RTPCR.
For the antitumor study, rats were divided into five groups in random; control, group two was orally treated with
300 mg/kg of GE for 21 weeks, group three was s.c. injected with DMH (20 mg/kg) for 9 weeks, and groups four and
five were treated with DMH and then treated with cisplatin (2.5 mg/kg, i.p) or GE, respectively, for 21 weeks.

Results:

GE had a significant antiproliferative activity with IC50~ 12.5 μg/ml. GE induced both extrinsic and intrinsic
apoptotic pathways. GE induced the expression of FasL, TRAIL, p53, and caspase-8 and downregulated Bcl-2 and
survivin genes. Treatment of rats with DMH resulted in 100% tumor incidence and 2.3 tumors/rat. DMH significantly
elevated the serum ALT, urea, and creatinine and significantly decreased the body weight gain. DMH also caused
significant reductions in the hepatic GSH level, and the activities of catalase, SOD, GST, and GR in the liver as well as
the renal GSH content and γ-GT activity. The colon from rats insulted with DMH showed adenomatous polyps with
polymorphism and mitosis. The mucosa and submucosa were infested with inflammatory cells while serosa and muscularis
were devoid from these cells. However, the muscularis was infiltrated with cystic formation, anaplastic
changes, and hemorrhage. GE was able to alleviate all the previous deleterious effects of DMH and it was superior to
cisplatin in its ameliorative effects. It did so without eliciting hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity which were shown in the
group treated with DMH and cisplatin.

Conclusion:

This study proved that the antitumor activity of GE against the DMH induced-CRC is superior to cisplatin.
GE was also safer than cisplatin and did not elicit hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity. GE induced apoptosis and
has carcinostatic activity.
Protective Effect of Nerium oleander Distillate and Tarantula cubensis Alcoholic
Extract on Cancer Biomarkers in Colon and Liver Tissues of Rats with Experimental
Colon Cancer
Authors: Dik Burak , Coskun Devran , Er Ayşe
Published: September 2021

Background:

Colon cancers are among the top three causes of cancer-related deaths. This study is a continuation
of previous research aiming to identify effective treatments.

Objective:

This study investigated the effects of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract (TCAE) and Nerium oleander
(NO) distillate on the levels of midkine, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and caspase-3 in the liver
and colon tissues of rats with experimentally induced colon cancer.

Method:

The liver and colon tissues of rats were homogeneously divided into control, colon cancer (azoxymethane,
AZM), AZM + TCAE, and AZM + NO distillate groups. The levels of midkine, TGF-β, VEGF, AFP, COX-2, IGF,
and caspase-3 in the colon and liver tissues were measured by ELISA.

Results:

The levels of all parameters in colon and liver tissues in the AZM group were higher (p<0.05) than those in
the control group. TCAE and NO distillate prevented (p < 0.05) increases in midkine, TGF-β, VEGF, AFP, COX-2,
IGF, and caspase-3 levels in the colon. NO distillate prevented the increase in all parameters except IGF, whereas
TCAE prevented the increase in all values apart from COX-2 and IGF levels in the liver (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

NO distillate and TCAE may prevent the studied markers from reaching specified levels observed in the
colon in AZM-induced colon cancer. The increases in the levels of the parameters in the liver were not as severe as
those in the colon; however, an 18-week study period may not be sufficient for liver metastasis formation. Future molecular
studies should investigate the mechanisms and pathways of these treatments in greater detail.
In-vitro Evaluation of Isatin Derivatives as Potent Anti-Breast Cancer Agents against
MCF-7, MDA MB 231, MDA-MB 435 and MDA-MB 468 Breast Cancers Cell Lines:
A Review
Authors: Chauhan Garima , Pathak Dharam Pal , Ali Faraat , Dubey Pragya , Khasimbi Shaik
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most frequent malignancies and the most common reasons
for impermanence in women. The backbone of therapy for BC is principally chemotherapy, but its non-specific nature
to differentiate between normal cells and cancer cells and severe side effects are the main barriers in its use. So, there is
an intense requirement to enlarge more efficacious, more specific and safer anti-BC agents.

Objective:

Isatin (IST) is an endogenous molecule that is a principal class of heterocyclic compounds and exhibits a
wide range of therapeutic activities which can be used as a starting material for the synthesis of several drug molecules.
Many kinds of literature were reported previously on different pharmacological activities of IST derivatives and particularly
on anticancer activity but this review mainly focuses on anti-BC activities of IST derivatives through MCF-7,
MDA MB 231, MDA-MB 435 and MDA-MB 468 cell lines. Herein we mentioned; a total of 33 IST derivatives (compound
24- 56) which show good anti-BC activity. IST-derived compounds are also available in the market and are
used for various cancer types like sunitinib for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and Nintedanib for the cryptogenic fibrosing
alveolitis treatment, but when evaluated for BC, they did not prove to be much successful.

Conclusion:

This review mainly highlights anti-BC activities of various IST analogues using MCF-7, MDA MB 231,
MDA-MB 435 and MDA-MB 468 cell lines, displaying the potent compound of the series and structure-activity relationships
of compounds with molecular docking also. So, this study mainly shows the importance of IST as a major
source for drug design and development of newer anti-BC drugs.
Neurodegenerative Disorders and the Current State, Pathophysiology, and
Management of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Rahul  , Siddique Yasir
Published: September 2021

:

In the last few decades, major knowledge has been gained about pathophysiological aspects
and molecular pathways behind Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Based on neurotoxicological
studies and postmortem investigations, there is a general concept of how environmental toxicants
(neurotoxins, pesticides, insecticides) and genetic factors (genetic mutations in PD-associated proteins)
cause depletion of dopamine from substantia nigra pars compacta region of the midbrain and
modulate cellular processes leading to the pathogenesis of PD. α-Synuclein, a neuronal protein accumulation
in oligomeric form, called protofibrils, is associated with cellular dysfunction and neuronal
death, thus possibly contributing to PD propagation. With advances made in identifying loci
that contribute to PD, molecular pathways involved in disease pathogenesis are now clear, and introducing
therapeutic strategy at the right time may delay the progression. Biomarkers for PD have
helped monitor PD progression; therefore, personalized therapeutic strategies can be facilitated. In
order to further improve PD diagnostic and prognostic accuracy, independent validation of biomarkers
is required.
Approaches for Ear-targeted Delivery Systems in Neurosensory Disorders to avoid Chronic Hearing Loss Mediated Neurological Diseases
Authors: Taleuzzaman Mohamad , Verma Rishabh , Vyas Preeti , Kaur Jasmeet , Javed Md. Noushad , Sarafroz Mohammad , Ahmad Makhmur , Gilani Sadaf Jamal
Published: September 2021

Background & Objective:

Hearing loss is a common audio-vestibular-related neurosensory disability of inner ears, in which patients exhibit clinical symptoms of dizziness, gait unsteadiness, and oscillopsia, at an initial stage. While, if such disorders are untreated for a prolonged duration then the progression of disease into a chronic state significantly decreases GABA level as well as an alteration in the neurotransmission of CNS systems. Hence, to control the progression of disease into a chronic approaches for timely and targeted delivery of the drugs at the site of action in the ear is now attracting the interest of neurologists for effective and safe treatment of such disorders. Among delivery systems, owing to small dimension, better penetration, rate-controlled release, higher bioavailability; nanocarriers are preferred to overcome delivery barriers, improvement in residence time, and enhanced the performance of loaded drugs. Subsequently, these carriers also stabilize encapsulated drugs while also provide an opportunity to modify the surface of carriers to favor guided direction for site-specific targeting. Contrary to this; conventional routes of drug delivery such as oral, intravenous, and intramuscular are poorer in performance because of inadequate blood supply to the inner ear and limited penetration of blood–inner ear barrier.

Conclusion:

This review summarized novel aspects of non-invasive and biocompatible nanoparticles- based approaches for targeted delivery of drugs into the cochlea of the ear to reduce the rate, and extent of the emergence of any hearing loss mediated neurological disorders.