bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sistema de Inteligência Acadêmica na gestão da Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Administração
Authors: Macedo Daniela Luiza , Rodrigues Leonel Cezar , Silveira Amelia
Published: December 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a gestão de dois Programas de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Administração (PPGSSAs) buscando contribuir com proposições para a implantação de um SIAc, como apoio aos processos decisórios e à formulação de estratégias nos Programas pesquisados. Os PPGSSAs selecionados estão vinculados a Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), uma pública e outra privada, tendo sido selecionados de forma intencional em razão de critérios de qualidade. O referencial teórico envolveu, principalmente, a literatura sobre Inteligência Competitiva (IC) e suas interfaces com a formulação de estratégias. A pesquisa foi empírica, exploratória, com método qualitativo, e de estudo de casos múltiplos. Os resultados indicam que em ambos os Programas há indícios de utilização de Inteligência Acadêmica (IA), ainda que de forma simplificada e orientada para responder aos requisitos de qualidade indicados pela CAPES.  A análise permitiu apontar o papel e as funções para um SIAc, dentro da estrutura administrativa e operacional dos programas estudados, onde este suporta e aperfeiçoa a formulação de estratégias para a melhoria da qualidade, com aumento da visibilidade e da inserção social dos dois programas, objeto de análise. Há compreensão e entendimento da oportunidade da adoção de um SIAc nos PPGSSAs pelos gestores,  líderes de linha de pesquisa e especialistas técnicos participantes da pesquisa.
O alinhamento entre a estratégia e as competências organizacionais: o caso de uma empresa nacional líder do segmento de revestimentos cerâmicos
Authors: De Brida Marinaldo , Santos Jair Nascimento
Published: December 2011

O principal objetivo deste estudo é apresentar e discutir como acontece o alinhamento entre as estratégias empresariais e as competências organizacionais. A partir do referencial teórico e da experiência de uma empresa estudada, este trabalho identifica quais são as características da empresa e como deve ser um ambiente organizacional para promover este alinhamento. Como uma empresa deve proceder e quais ferramentas podem ser utilizadas para possibilitar a participação dos funcionários de todos os níveis e áreas, desde o planejamento até a execução do seu plano estratégico e do programa de gestão por competências. Apresenta também, a importância do desenvolvimento das competências ligadas a estratégia, denominadas competências essenciais, que resultam em um desenvolvimento organizacional. Este desenvolvimento organizacional ocorre com o treinamento dos funcionários e com o crescimento de suas respectivas competências individuais, promovendo a ligação entre as estratégias empresariais e as competências organizacionais por meio da aprendizagem organizacional e individual.
A adoção de novas práticas de gestão: explorando o esquema cognitivo dos atores em empresas com diferentes padrões de inovação
Authors: Bastos Antonio Virgílio Bittencourt , Souza Janice Janissek , Costa Vania Medianeira Flores , Peixoto Adriano de Lemos Alves
Published: December 2011

Ampliar a compreensão dos motivos que levam as organizações a implementarem diferentes práticas de gestão constituiu o objetivo central da pesquisa conduzida. Mais precisamente, buscou-se identificar, em empresas com distintos perfis de inovação, diferenças entre estruturas cognitivas – esquemas – de atores que podem explicar a intensidade de uso de novas práticas de gestão. Selecionaram-se quatro empresas classificadas em dois padrões de inovação: empresas consideradas muito inovadoras e pouco inovadoras. Participaram do estudo 12 atores organizacionais que responderam a oito questões abertas que envolveram a investigação dos significados associados à mudança organizacional, as explicações subjacentes à adoção das práticas de gestão e a percepção dos seus impactos. As respostas às questões foram sistematizadas por meio da análise de conteúdo gerando categorias e subcategorias em torno das quais os conteúdos foram classificados. Representações gráficas foram utilizadas para mostrar os esquemas cognitivos associados aos diferentes padrões de inovação organizacional que evidenciaram tanto conteúdos compartilhados entre empresas de um mesmo padrão assim como elementos que singularizam a visão dos atores.
Para além do tempo de emprego: o sentido do trabalho no processo de aposentadoria
Authors: Bitencourt Betina Magalhães , Gallon Shalimar , Batista Mariana Klein , Piccinini Valmiria Carolina
Published: December 2011

O trabalho é um meio essencial para a integração social e a autorrealização do indivíduo. Assim, observa-se que o momento da aposentadoria pode representar mudanças no sentido do trabalho. Essa transição pode ser encarada de modo positivo por aqueles que estão preparados para ela, entretanto, pode configurar-se em um período de incertezas e promotor de uma visão negativa dos dias que estão por vir. Dessa maneira, buscou-se analisar qual o sentido que o trabalho tem para os aposentados. O estudo consiste em uma pesquisa qualitativa com profissionais que estão se preparando para a aposentadoria e com aposentados vinculados à Fundação de uma empresa do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas, nas quais se buscou identificar quais as expectativas destas pessoas perante essa nova fase da vida. Buscou-se verificar como eles enfrentam essa ruptura, já que não há mais o trabalho para se identificar e criar laços sociais ligados a ele. Os entrevistados apresentaram reações positivas em relação à aposentadoria. Alguns entrevistados, porém, expressaram a necessidade de continuar atuantes no mercado de trabalho. Outro fator de satisfação apurado na análise das entrevistas foi a preparação para essa nova fase promovida pela empresa.
Análise de stakeholders aplicada em órgãos públicos: o caso da Secretaria de Estado do Turismo do Paraná
Authors: Vieira Saulo Fabiano Amâncio , Costa Benny Kramer , Boaventura João Maurício Gama
Published: December 2011

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a atuação dos stakeholders no desenvolvimento de atividades estratégicas da Secretaria de Estado do Turismo do Paraná - Setu, verificados sob a óptica da teoria do stakeholders. Para tanto realizou-se ainda uma revisão acerca da teoria dos stakeholders descrevendo sua evolução conceitual e modelos de análise utilizados. Em relação ao delineamento da pesquisa tem-se que a mesma se caracteriza pela aplicação de uma pesquisa exploratória, qualitativa, desenvolvida por meio de um estudo de caso único, representado pelo órgão estadual de turismo do Paraná – Setu. No que tange a quem são os stakeholders da Setu verificou-se que aqueles que possuem maior relevância foram identificados uma listagem com 8 instituições pertencentes ao Conselho Consultivo do Turismo do Paraná. Conclui-se que a atuação dos stakeholders junto a definição das políticas e estratégias da Setu ocorre via Conselho Consultivo o Turismo e suas cinco Câmaras Temáticas. Foi verificado ainda que muitos do membros do Conselho ainda possuem baixa participação nestes órgãos colegiados, porém há uma evolução de sua participação desde a sua criação no ano de 2003.
Multiple Periodic Solutions to a Suspension Bridge Wave Equation with Damping
Authors: Wang Shanshan , An Yukun
Published: December 2011

This paper is concerned with the existence of multiple periodic solutions for a suspension bridge wave equation with damping. By using Leray-Schauder degree theory, the authors prove that the damped wave equation has multiple periodic solutions.
Objetivos de Preço e Estratégias de Preço no Varejo: Uma Análise Empírica no Varejo Paulistano
Authors: Alves Carlos Alberto , Varotto Luis Fernando , Gonçalves Marcelo Neves
Published: December 2011

No varejo, os gestores possuem uma delicada e complexa tarefa na formulao das suas estratgias de precificao considerando-se os mltiplos produtos e servios disponveis. Enquanto os objetivos de preo fornecem uma direo geral para ao, as estratgias de precificao so os passos ou procedimentos pelo qual as organizaes atingem suas decises de preos. O escopo desse trabalho explorar os objetivos de preos que as empresas varejistas buscam juntamente com as estratgias que adotam para precificar seus produtos e servios; e investigar se os objetivos de preo esto associados com as estratgias de preo adotadas. Para responder aos objetivos desse trabalho, optou-se por realizar uma pesquisa de cunho quantitativo-descritivo por meio de levantamento tipo survey. A seleo da amostra no probabilstica e por convenincia dos pesquisadores. Constitui-se de 300 empresas varejistas de diversos portes localizadas na cidade de So Paulo. Como resultado descobriu-se que as empresas da amostra esto fundamentalmente perseguindo objetivos quantitativos no lugar de objetivos qualitativos, com uma forte nfase na realizao de vendas e lucros seguidos pelo desenvolvimento de mercado para a organizao. Outro ponto importante na discusso dentro das estratgias de varejo, as empresas da amostra parecem dar uma menor importncia a mtodos orientados ao cliente. Essas empresas empregam com mais freqncia o mtodo tradicional de custos, provavelmente devido a simplicidade deste mtodo. DOI: 10.5585/remark.v10i2.2259
New taxon of the genus Calypogeia (Jungermanniales, Hepaticae) in Poland
Authors: Buczkowska Katarzyna , Bączkiewicz Alina
Published: December 2011

Genetic differentiation of Calypogeia muelleriana s.l. was studied using isozyme analysis. Two forms of this species: typical and atypical were reported from Poland. The 10 putative loci in 7 enzyme systems were analyzed in 58 samples: 34 of the typical and 15 of atypical form. The isozyme studies revealed that the typical and atypical forms of C. muelleriana in Poland are clearly genetically different. Typical plants morphologically correspond to the type specimen of C. muelleriana, but atypical form is a new, genetically distinct but unrecognized so far taxon. Each group is defined by several fixed alleles present in all populations. The UPGMA dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distances shows that both taxa (C. muelleriana and the newly detected taxon) clearly differ from C. azurea – the species used as a reference group. Genetic distance among two groups of C. muelleriana (D = 1.093) was almost the same as among C. azurea and the newly detected taxon (D = 1.060). Genetic distance among C. azurea and the typical form of C. muelleriana was the lowest (D = 0.628).
ISSR analysis points to relict character of Aconitum bucovinense Zapał. (Ranunculaceae) at the range margin
Authors: Boroń Piotr , Zalewska-Gałosz Joanna , Sutkowska Agnieszka , Zemanek Bogdan , Mitka Józef
Published: December 2011

Aconitum bucovinense, a high-mountain species endemic to the Eastern and Southern Carpathians, including the Apuseni Mountains, is legally protected and classified in the Polish Red Data Book of Plants. It attains its NW geographical range in two peripheral populations in the Western Bieszczady Mountains (Polish Eastern Carpathians), isolated by a distance of 13.1 km. PCR-ISSR analysis has been used to elucidate the within- and among-populational levels of species genetic diversity. A UPGMA and block clustering showed discreteness of the populations and subpopulations based on ISSR banding pattern. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) revealed significant divergence (P = 0.024) of the two marginal populations and highly significant (P < 0.001) differentiation of subpopulations within populations. The theta index calculated for the two marginal populations and the core population in the Carpathians was 0.131 ±0.030 S.D. Most of the population-genetic diversity indices of the mar­ginal populations were not different from those in the core area but the Shannon’s and rarity indices were lower in the marginal populations. It seems that founder effect and subsequent genetic bottleneck resulted in a fine-scale population genetic structure. The marginal populations under study need a relevant recovery program to maintain their genetic diversity.
Ethical Issues Raised in Addressing the Needs of People With Serious Mental Disorders in Complex Emergencies
Authors: Wissow Lawrence S. , Rutkow Lainie , Kass Nancy E. , Rabins Peter V. , Vernick Jon S. , Hodge James G.
Published: January 2012

Recent manmade and natural disasters highlight weaknesses in the public health systems designed to protect populations from harm and minimize disruption of the social and built environments. Emergency planning and response efforts have, as a result, focused largely on ensuring populations' physical well-being during and after a disaster. Many public health authorities, including the World Health Organization, have recognized the importance of addressing both mental and physical health concerns in emergency plans. Individuals with mental disorders represent a notable proportion of the overall population, and anticipating their needs is critical to comprehensive emergency planning and response efforts. Because people with serious mental disorders historically have been stigmatized, and many individuals with mental disorders may be unable to care for themselves, ethical guidance may be of assistance to those engaged in emergency planning and response. This article considers several broad categories of ethical issues that arise during emergencies for people with serious mental disorders and offers recommendations for ways in which emergency planners and other stakeholders can begin to address these ethical challenges.

(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:72–78)
Toe‐out, lateral trunk lean, and pelvic obliquity during prolonged walking in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis and healthy controls
Authors: Bechard Daniel J. , Birmingham Trevor B. , Zecevic Aleksandra A. , Jones Ian C. , Giffin J. Robert , Jenkyn Thomas R.
Published: December 2011

Objective

To compare the time‐varying behavior of maximum toe‐out angle, lateral trunk lean (over the stance leg), and pelvic obliquity (rise and drop on the swing leg) during prolonged walking in participants with and without medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA), and to explore correlations between these gait characteristics and pain.

Methods

Twenty patients with knee OA and 20 healthy controls completed 30 minutes of treadmill walking. Toe‐out, trunk lean, pelvic obliquity, and pain were measured at 5‐minute intervals.

Results

The mean ± SD toe‐out angle was significantly smaller (P = 0.04) in patients with knee OA (6.7 ± 2.5 degrees) than in controls (10.3 ± 2.2 degrees). Toe‐out changed significantly over time (P = 0.002), but not in a systematic way, and there was no interaction between group and time. The mean ± SD trunk lean was higher (P = 0.03) in patients with knee OA (2.0 ± 1.0 degrees) than in controls (0.7 ± 0.5 degrees). Trunk lean did not change over time and there was no interaction between group and time. There were no differences for pelvic drop. The mean ± SD pelvic rise was higher (P = 0.01) in patients with knee OA (2.8 ± 0.9 degrees) than in controls (1.2 ± 0.8 degrees), but did not change over time and there was no interaction. Patients experienced a small increase in pain (P < 0.001). Trunk lean and pelvic drop were correlated with pain (r = 0.49, P = 0.03 and r = 0.47, P = 0.04, respectively).

Conclusion

Toe‐out and trunk lean are consistently different between individuals with and without medial compartment knee OA during prolonged walking, and patients with greater pain have greater trunk lean. However, over 30 minutes of walking, these gait characteristics remain quite stable, suggesting they are not acute compensatory mechanisms in response to repetitive loading with subtle increases in pain.
Performance of automated and manual coding systems for occupational data: A case study of historical records
Authors: Patel Mehul D. , Rose Kathryn M. , Owens Cindy R. , Bang Heejung , Kaufman Jay S.
Published: December 2011

Background

Occupational data are a common source of workplace exposure and socioeconomic information in epidemiologic research. We compared the performance of two occupation coding methods, an automated software and a manual coder, using occupation and industry titles from U.S. historical records.

Methods

We collected parental occupational data from 1920–40s birth certificates, Census records, and city directories on 3,135 deceased individuals in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Unique occupation‐industry narratives were assigned codes by a manual coder and the Standardized Occupation and Industry Coding software program. We calculated agreement between coding methods of classification into major Census occupational groups.

Results

Automated coding software assigned codes to 71% of occupations and 76% of industries. Of this subset coded by software, 73% of occupation codes and 69% of industry codes matched between automated and manual coding. For major occupational groups, agreement improved to 89% (kappa = 0.86).

Conclusions

Automated occupational coding is a cost‐efficient alternative to manual coding. However, some manual coding is required to code incomplete information. We found substantial variability between coders in the assignment of occupations although not as large for major groups. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:228–231, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mutations in MECP2 exon 1 in classical rett patients disrupt MECP2_e1 transcription, but not transcription of MECP2_e2
Authors: Gianakopoulos Peter J. , Zhang Yuzhi , Pencea Nela , Orlic‐Milacic Marija , Mittal Kirti , Windpassinger Christian , White Sara‐Jane , Kroisel Peter M. , Chow Eva W.C. , Saunders Carol J. , Minassian Berge A. , Vincent John B.
Published: December 2011

The overwhelming majority of Rett syndrome cases are caused by mutations in the gene MECP2. MECP2 has two isoforms, termed MECP2_e1 and MECP2_e2, which differ in their N‐terminal amino acid sequences. A growing body of evidence has indicated that MECP2_e1 may be the etiologically relevant isoform in Rett Syndrome based on its expression profile in the brain and because, strikingly, no mutations have been discovered that affect MECP2_e2 exclusively. In this study we sought to characterize four classical Rett patients with mutations that putatively affect only the MECP2_e1 isoform. Our hypothesis was that the classical Rett phenotype seen here is the result of disrupted MECP2_e1 expression, but with MECP2_e2 expression unaltered. We used quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR to assay mRNA expression for each isoform independently, and used cytospinning methods to assay total MECP2 in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). In the two Rett patients with identical 11 bp deletions within the coding portion of exon 1, MECP2_e2 levels were unaffected, whilst a significant reduction of MECP2_e1 levels was detected. In two Rett patients harboring mutations in the exon 1 start codon, MECP2_e1 and MECP2_e2 mRNA amounts were unaffected. In summary, we have shown that patients with exon 1 mutations transcribe normal levels of MECP2_e2 mRNA, and most PBL are positive for MeCP2 protein, despite them theoretically being unable to produce the MECP2_e1 isoform, and yet still exhibit the classical RTT phenotype. Altogether, our work further supports our hypothesis that MECP2_e1 is the predominant isoform involved in the neuropathology of Rett syndrome. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A study on the distinguishing responses of shrinkage and warpage to processing conditions in injection molding
Authors: Liu Fen , Zeng Shengqu , Zhou Huamin , Li Jianhui
Published: December 2011

A challenging task in injection molding industry is to minimize shrinkage and warpage (S&W) through optimal setting of molding conditions. In determining the relationship between molding conditions and product dimension, most existing literature considered S&W as a whole entity or focused on only one of them. The intention of this study was to distinguish these two terms, and perform a thorough analysis on the effect of operative conditions on S&W during injection molding process through a combination of experimental and numerical methods. Six process parameters with five levels were examined on a box‐shaped product, and the single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was adopted in identifying the significance of each variable in the experiment. Results indicated that the effect of processing conditions on shrinkage is different from that on warpage. Specifically, packing pressure affects shrinkage most while packing time is the dominant factor in determining warpage. The reaction of shrinkage to packing pressure is monotonic, whereas the plot of warpage shows a U‐shaped variation. A differential treatment of S&W can therefore help to enhance product quality. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and characterization of α,ω‐Bis(3‐hydroxypropyl)‐functionalized poly{dimethylsiloxane‐co‐methyl[3‐(2‐acetyl‐acetoxy)]propylsiloxane}
Authors: Zhang Meng , Wu Yuanjuan , Wu Haiyan , Zhang Qingsi , Xia Yongmei
Published: December 2011

With the purpose to develop polysiloxane‐modified waterborne polyurethane (WPU) which was expected to have better water resistance than WPU and better mechanical strength and abrasion characteristics than polysiloxane, a novel reactive polysiloxane bearing hydroxypropyl group at both chain ends and carbonyl groups at the side chain was synthesized by five‐step reactions. The prepared compounds in each step were characterized; the results showed that each step synthesis was successfully carried out and objective products were achieved. This novel reactive polysiloxane combines the properties of difunctional hydroxyalkyl terminated polysiloxane and crosslinking agent. When it was incorporated with WPU, the latex film properties of reactive polysiloxane‐modified WPU were investigated compared with that of pure WPU. The results indicated that siloxane segments could lower the water absorption of WPU, and that the crosslinking reaction between the dihydrazide and carbonyl group could improve the physical–mechanical characteristics of polysiloxane‐modified WPU after post‐added dihydrazide. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Correlation of miscibility and mechanical properties of polypropylene/olefin block copolymers: Effect of chain composition
Authors: Liu Guoming , Zhang Xiuqin , Li Xiuhong , Chen Hongyu , Walton Kim , Wang Dujin
Published: December 2011

This study examines the miscibility and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and olefin block copolymer (OBC) blends (70/30 wt %). The blends exhibit phase‐separated morphology. The OBC domain size decreases with increasing the 1‐octene content in the soft segment. The crystallization, melting behavior, and the long spacing of the iPP component in the blends are nearly the same as those of neat iPP, while the Tg of the iPP component shifts slightly to lower temperature. “Blocky” OBC is immiscible with iPP, while the soft segment rich polymers in OBC could be partially miscible with iPP. The impact strength of the blends is greatly increased with increasing the 1‐octene content in the OBC soft segment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Developmental Expression Pattern of Hspb8 mRNA in the Mouse Brain: Analysis Through Online Databases
Authors: García‐Lax Noelia , Tomás‐Roca Laura , Marín Faustino
Published: December 2011

Hspb8 is a member of the Hspb family of chaperone‐like proteins. It is involved in several neural disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, hereditary distal motor neuropathy, and Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth's disease. In this work, we aimed to characterize its expression pattern in the mouse brain, by using the information available at online databases of high‐throughput in situ hybridization. Therefore, we downloaded and analyzed the image series from these databases showing Hspb8 mRNA expression from embryonic to adult and aging stages. In early gestational embryos, Hspb8 was expressed in the hippocampal anlagen and in the ventricular layer of rhombomere 4. At perinatal stages, there appeared transitory expression in the dentate gyrus and the cerebellar cortex. From perinatal to aging stages, the neurons of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus and cranial motor nuclei displayed stable and strong Hspb8 expression. Additionally, along these stages there was moderate and relatively homogenous expression in the anterodorsal thalamic, lateral mammillary, arcuate hypothalamic and medial habenular nuclei, and in the locus coeruleus. In its turn, the basal ganglia, cerebellar inner granular layer and diverse sensory and reticular formation nuclei of the hindbrain contained scattered cells with strong expression. In conclusion, Hspb8 mRNA is constitutively expressed in specific brain structures across ontogeny, so that eventually they could be affected by the malfunction or deregulation of this molecule. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interleukin‐22 and interleukin‐22–producing NKp44+ natural killer cells in subclinical gut inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Ciccia Francesco , Accardo‐Palumbo Antonina , Alessandro Riccardo , Rizzo Aroldo , Principe Simona , Peralta Sergio , Raiata Francesca , Giardina AnnaRita , De Leo Giacomo , Triolo Giovanni
Published: December 2011

Objective

The intestinal inflammation observed in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is characterized by an overexpression of interleukin‐23 (IL‐23). IL‐23 is known to regulate IL‐22 production through lamina propria NKp44+ natural killer (NK) cells, which are thought to be involved in protective mucosal mechanisms. This study was undertaken to evaluate the frequency of NKp44+ NK cells and the expression of IL‐22 in the ileum of AS patients.

Methods

Tissue NKp44+ NK cells, NKp46+ NK cells, and IL‐22–producing cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Quantitative gene expression analysis of IL‐22, IL‐23, IL‐17, STAT‐3, and mucin 1 (MUC‐1) was performed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction on ileal samples from 15 patients with AS, 15 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), and 15 healthy controls. NKp44, pSTAT‐3, and IL‐22 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

Results

The frequency of NKp44+ but not NKp46+ NK cells was increased in the inflamed ileum of AS patients compared to CD patients and controls. The frequency of NKp46+ NK cells was significantly increased only in CD patients. Among CD4+ lymphocytes and NKp44+ NK cell subsets, the latter were the major source of IL‐22 on lamina propria mononuclear cells from AS patients. Significant up‐regulation of IL‐22, IL‐23p19, MUC‐1, and STAT‐3 transcripts in the terminal ileum of patients with AS was observed. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the increased IL‐22 and pSTAT‐3 expression in inflamed mucosa from AS and CD patients.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that overexpression of IL‐22, together with an increased number of IL‐22–producing NKp44+ NK cells, occurs in the gut of AS patients, where it appears to play a tissue‐protective role.
Obstacles to Research in Residential Juvenile Justice Facilities: Recommendations for Researchers
Authors: Lane Christy , Goldstein Naomi E.S. , Heilbrun Kirk , Cruise Keith R. , Pennacchia Daniel
Published: January 2012

Federal, state, and local initiatives to improve the treatment and outcomes for young people in the juvenile justice system prompt the need for additional research. Despite the call for empirical data, researchers encounter numerous obstacles when initiating and conducting studies in detention and post‐adjudication facilities. These obstacles are often only briefly mentioned in publications, but they can interfere with researchers' desires and abilities to conduct studies in these settings. This paper reviews legal, ethical, and methodological challenges to successfully conducting research in detention and residential post‐adjudication placements, including selecting and accessing appropriate facilities, obtaining institutional review board approval, seeking parental permission and youth assent, reporting child abuse and neglect, responding to participants' threats to harm self or others, working effectively with facilities, juvenile justice system‐related attrition, and the dissemination of research findings. Recommendations are presented to help investigators anticipate obstacles when designing and executing research protocols to prevent interference and to encourage ethical responses and successful study completion. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Select host cell proteins coelute with monoclonal antibodies in protein a chromatography
Authors: Nogal Bartek , Chhiba Krishan , Emery Jefferson C.
Published: December 2011

The most significant factor contributing to the presence of host cell protein (HCP) impurities in Protein A chromatography eluates is their association with the product monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been reported previously, and it has been suggested that more efficacious column washes may be developed by targeting the disruption of the mAbs–HCP interaction. However, characterization of this interaction is not straight forward as it is likely to involve multiple proteins and/or types of interaction. This work is an attempt to begin to understand the contribution of HCP subpopulations and/or mAb interaction propensity to the variability in HCP levels in the Protein A eluate. We performed a flowthrough (FT) recycling study with product respiking using two antibody molecules of apparently different HCP interaction propensities. In each case, the ELISA assay showed depletion of select subpopulations of HCP in Protein A eluates in subsequent column runs, while the feedstock HCP in the FTs remained unchanged from its native harvested cell culture fluid (HCCF) levels. In a separate study, the final FT from each molecule's recycling study was cross‐spiked with various mAbs. In this case, Protein A eluate levels remained low for all but two molecules which were known as having high apparent HCP interaction propensity. The results of these studies suggest that mAbs may preferentially bind to select subsets of HCPs, and the degree of interaction and/or identity of the associated HCPs may vary depending on the mAb. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Synthesis and hplc chiral recognition of regioselectively carbamoylated cellulose derivatives
Authors: Tang Shouwan , Li Xiaofang , Wang Fang , Liu Guihua , Li Yonglong , Pan Fuyou
Published: December 2011

Four regioselective‐carbamoylated cellulose derivatives having two different substituents at 2‐, 3‐, and 6‐position were prepared and evaluated as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high‐performance liquid chromatography. Investigations showed that the nature andarrangement of the substituents significantly influenced the chiral recognition abilities of the heterosubstituted cellulose derivatives and each derivative exhibited characteristic enantioseparation. Some racemates were better resolved on these derivatives than the corresponding homogeneously substituted cellulose derivatives including a commercial CSP, Chiralcel OD. Racemic compounds shown in this study were most effectively discriminated on cellulose2,3‐(3‐chloro‐4‐methylphenylcarbamate)‐6‐(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) and 2,3‐(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate)‐6‐(3‐chloro‐4‐methylphenylcarbamate). Chirality, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sulphur doped DLC films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering
Authors: Saeheng Arunya , Tonanon Nattaporn , Bhanthumnavin Worawan , Paosawatyanyong Boonchoat
Published: December 2011

Diamond‐like carbon (DLC) and sulphur doped diamond‐like carbon (S‐DLC) films were synthesised at different sulphur molar percentage of 0%, 2%, 5%, 8% and 10% by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering process using novel compressed sulphur‐graphite targets at relatively low power density. Films were characterised for their morphologies, structural, electrical and optical properties. Scanning electron microscope images reveal changes in the quality of the obtained films shown by the denser packing of DLC grains at different sulphur percentage. The conductivities of S‐DLC films were found to be in the range of 6.0 × 10−3–0.6/Ω cm. The optical band gap energies were found to be in the range of ∼1.4–2.0 eV. Both electrical and optical measurements exhibit nonlinear responses with optimum at around 5% sulphur molar percentage (minimum for conductivity and maximum for optical band gap energy). These trends of change in both conductivity and optical band gap energy are consistent with the variation in bond characters of the films indicated by Raman spectroscopy. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Improved clinical trial enrollment in adolescent and young adult (AYA) oncology patients after the establishment of an AYA oncology program uniting pediatric and medical oncology divisions
Authors: Shaw Peter H. , Boyiadzis Michael , Tawbi Hussein , Welsh Anne , Kemerer Aimee , Davidson Nancy E. , Kim Ritchey A.
Published: December 2011

BACKGROUND:

Since 1975, there has been a dramatic increase in the survival rates of pediatric and older cancer patients, but adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients ages 15 to 40 years have not had a similar improvement. Data indicate a direct correlation between increased cure rates and clinical trial enrollment.

METHODS:

The authors previously published data indicating inferior clinical trial enrollment when AYA patients were treated at an adult oncology center versus a pediatric oncology center. To address this deficit, a joint pediatric and adult AYA Oncology Program was established in July 2006 with the primary objective of improving outcomes by increasing therapeutic clinical trial enrollment in this population. Patients who were referred to that program from July 2006 through June 2010 were examined retrospectively to establish whether clinical trial enrollment increased compared with historic controls.

RESULTS:

Fifty‐seven patients were referred to the program from 2006 to 2010 (range, 12‐16 new patients per year). Eight patients were referred for consultation only and were not treated at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute or Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Five of 22 patients (23%) who received treatment at the pediatric cancer center were enrolled onto a clinical trial, whereas 9 of 27 patients (33%) patients who received treatment at the adult cancer center were enrolled. There was superior trial participation compared with the previous 3 years for those shared AYA patients who were treated at the adult center (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Data from this study demonstrated that establishing a unified AYA oncology program can lead to improved clinical trial enrollment for patients who are treated at medical oncology centers. Cancer 2012;3614–3617. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic significance of MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 rearrangements in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone plus rituximab
Authors: Akyurek Nalan , Uner Aysegul , Benekli Mustafa , Barista Ibrahim
Published: December 2011

BACKGROUND:

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are a biologically heterogeneous group in which various gene alterations have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and prognostic impact of BCL2, BCL6, and MYC rearrangements in cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone plus rituximab (R‐CHOP)‐treated DLBCL cases.

METHODS:

Tissue microarrays were constructed from 239 cases of DLBCL, and the expressions of CD10, BCL6, MUM1/IRF4, and BCL2 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 rearrangements were investigated by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization on tissue microarrays. Survival analysis was constructed from 145 R‐CHOP–treated patients.

RESULTS:

MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 rearrangements were detected in 14 (6%), 36 (15%), and 69 (29%) of 239 DLBCL patients. Double or triple rearrangements were detected in 7 (3%) of 239 DLBCL cases. Of these, 4 had BCL2 and MYC, 2 had BCL6 and MYC, and 1 had BCL2, BCL6, and MYC rearrangements. The prognosis of these cases was extremely poor, with a median survival of 9 months. MYC rearrangement was associated with significantly worse overall survival (P = .01), especially for the cases with GC phenotype (P = .009). BCL6 rearrangement also predicted significantly shorter overall survival (P = .04), especially for the non‐GC phenotype (P = .03). BCL2 rearrangement had no prognostic impact on outcome. International Prognostic Index (P = .004) and MYC rearrangement (P = .009) were independent poor prognostic factors.

CONCLUSIONS:

Analysis of MYC gene rearrangement along with BCL2 and BCL6 is critical in identifying high‐risk patients with poor prognosis. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
To have and to hold: Episodic memory in 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children
Authors: Scarf Damian , Gross Julien , Colombo Michael , Hayne Harlene
Published: December 2011

Episodic memory endows us with the ability to reflect on our past and plan for our future. Most theorists argue that episodic memory emerges during the preschool period and that its emergence might herald the end of childhood amnesia. Here, we show that both 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children form episodic memories, but that 3‐year‐old children fail to retain those memories following a delay (Experiments 1 and 2). In contrast, 4‐year‐old children retained episodic memories over delays of 24 hr (Experiment 1) and 1 week (Experiment 3). This marked change in the retention of episodic memories between 3 and 4 years of age suggests that it is our ability to retain, rather than to form, an episodic memory that limits our ability to recall episodes from early childhood. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 125–132, 2013
Electrochemical Kinetics of Anodic Ni Dissolution in Aqueous Media as a Function of Chloride Ion Concentration at pH Values Close to Physiological Conditions
Authors: Ayoub Hanna , Lair Virginie , Griveau Sophie , Brunswick Philippe , Zagal José H. , Bedioui Fethi , Cassir Michel
Published: January 2012

We have studied the electrochemical kinetics of anodic Ni dissolution as a function of chloride ion concentration, at pH 5, 6 and 7, in order to mimic the conditions of sweat samples. Our results show that the rate‐determining step for Ni dissolution in the mentioned pH range is the transfer of one first electron, as suggested by the Tafel slopes close to 0.120 V/decade. However, the reaction order in chloride ion varies from ca. 2 at pH 7 to values close to unity for pH values between 5 and 6. This finding is very important for sensor applications in sweat fluids since the sensitivity of the Ni electrode to chloride ions is higher in neutral solutions (pH ca. 7) compared to that in slightly acid solutions (pH between 5 and 6). Small variations in pH in real samples are expected so this change in sensitivity should be considered when sensing chloride ions in sweat fluids.
Recent advances in the application of CE to forensic sciences, an update over years 2009–2011
Authors: Pascali Jennifer Paola , Bortolotti Federica , Tagliaro Franco
Published: December 2011

The present article reviews and comments the applications of capillary electrophoresis in the different areas of forensic sciences covering the time from the second half of 2009 until the first part of 2011, being the latest update of previous reviews covering the years from 2001 to 2009. Numerous articles reporting applications of capillary electrophoresis to analytical problems of potential interest for the forensic researchers and scientists can be found in the most qualified journals of analytical chemistry, analytical biochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, laboratory medicine, human genetics, etc. However, the present review has been focused on discussing only the most relevant examples of analytical applications of capillary electrophoretic and electrokinetic techniques published in the following fields: (i) illicit and abused drugs, (ii) ions and small molecules of forensic interest, (iii) proteins and peptides of forensic interest, (iv) dyes and inks, (v) forensic DNA. The present review collects and comments on 60 references.
Promising developments in the treatment of cancer
Authors: Stein Jill
Published: January 2012

The latest developments in the treatment of cancer were presented in September at the 2011 European Multidisciplinary Cancer Congress in Stockholm, Sweden Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE EFFECT OF NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE ON MORTALITY AND THE SES–HEALTH GRADIENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE ELDERLY IN TAIWAN
Authors: Keng Shao‐Hsun , Sheu Sheng‐Jang
Published: January 2012

Using the difference‐in‐difference‐in‐differences method, we examine the effect of the National Health Insurance (NHI) on mortality, self‐assessed health, and functional limitations of the elderly and seek to determine whether the effect is spread equally across health classes. We find that the NHI only has an effect on the death hazard, and it is the least healthy who benefit the most. The death hazard falls by 16–48% and 3–9% for the least health and the healthiest, respectively. The decline in the hazard ratio for the least healthy among the uninsured is 58% greater than that of their counterparts among the insured. Moreover, female participants benefit more from the NHI than male participants. We find no significant effect of the NHI in the SES–health gradient except for the education–death hazard gradient. The gap in the education‐death hazard gradient between the insured and previously uninsured is significantly reduced by 7–31% after 1995. The hazard ratio among the less‐educated in the treatment group also falls by 55% relative to that in the comparison group. The NHI appears to have prolonged lives but has failed to improve the functional limitations, which might have contributed to the rapid increase in the demand for long‐term caregivers in recent years. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practice and Research in Career Counseling and Development—2003
Authors: Dagley John C. , Salter Shannon K.
Published: January 2012

This annual review of the research and practice literature related to career counseling and development published during 2003 is presented in 6 major areas: professional issues, career assessment, career development, career theory, career interventions, and technology. The authors discuss the implications of the findings in this literature for career counseling practice.
The School Counselor as Perceived by School Counselors and Their Principals
Authors: Sweeney Thomas J.
Published: January 2012

This study was designed to ascertain the perceptions of school counselors and school administrators of the school counselor's activities and the attributes necessary for him to be effective in his role. The findings were interpreted to suggest that differences that exist between the perceptions of counselors and administrators tend to be in the degree to which they view certain activities or attributes as important. Ranking of activities and the attributes by both groups tended to be similar but differences were found to exist between the mean scores of counselors and administrators in various areas. Sources of discrepancy were discussed as possibly relating to the need for counselors to establish clearer priorities for their activities and the administrators' perception of the counselor as fundamentally a quasi‐administrator of guidance services.
Toward Explaining Success and Failure in Interpersonal Learning Experiences
Authors: Carkhuff Robert R. , Truax Charles B.
Published: January 2012

The findings from programs of guidance, counseling, and psychotherapy suggest an answer to Eysenck's challenge to the efficacy of the “helping” professions. While no average differences are found in the outcomes of treatment and control groups, there is a pronounced trend toward significantly greater variability in the post‐counseling change indices of the treatment groups when compared to the control groups. The direct suggestion is that students, clients, and patients may be hurt as well as helped in the interpersonal encounter. Some attempts toward explicating the facilitating and the retarding interpersonal processes are elaborated in counselor‐counselee, teacher‐student, and parent‐child relationships.
Client Reaction to Counselor's Use of Self‐Experience
Authors: Branan John M.
Published: January 2012

This study sought to determine if counselor use of self‐experience may be useful in increasing self‐confidence, self‐disclosure, perceived genuineness, and empathic understanding. Volunteer graduate students in education interested in participating in a series of group counseling sessions structured to deal with problems of the graduate student were used in this study. 30 graduate students were divided into 6 groups of 5 each. 3 groups were experimental groups and 3 groups were control groups. In the control groups self‐experience examples were not used by the counselor, but in the experimental groups they were used extensively. Questionnaires, taped sessions, and post‐counseling interviews were used in evaluation of results. The experimental groups perceived the counseling relationship as less genuine than the control groups. The results of the study did not support the use of counselor self‐experience examples in group counseling.
The Role of the Guidance Specialist in the In‐Service Education of Teachers
Authors: Mindel M. Toby
Published: January 2012

A discussion of a 3‐pronged approach to an elementary school guidance program, describing the role of the counselor. This 3‐dimensional approach requires the services of a developmental guidance specialist whose functions would be to (1) maximize the development of all children within the school, (2) assist the administration in improving the continuity, sequence, and integration of guidance services of the school and the community, and (3) improve the competency of the teacher to a level where she can operate effectively as a guidance person within her classroom. The body of literature concerning the role and function of a guidance resource person at the elementary school level is steadily growing but much of it is focused on the first 2 aspects described above. This article concentrates on the third aspect, illustrating the role of the guidance specialist in the in‐service education of teachers.
Dimensions of counseling for career development
Authors: MORRILL WESTON H. , FORREST DAVID J.
Published: January 2012

Counseling practice has not reflected current thinking about career development and career process. Four types of career counseling are described: Type 1, a traditional vocational counseling approach which helps the client with a specific decision; Type 2, which is concerned with teaching decision‐making skills; Type 3, which views career development as a process rather than an end‐point toward which all decisions lead; and Type 4, which focuses on creating in the individual the ability to utilize his own strengths to achieve self‐determined objectives and to influence the nature of future opportunities.
Quantity or quality in dealing with human problems
Authors: MAY EUGENE P.
Published: January 2012

As man, in light of the population trend, faces larger numbers of people, his decisions are likely to suffer in quality; he will tend to disregard individualism more and more, and ultimately to reduce man to nothingness. This article explores some of the long‐term implications of such decisions and the professional responsibility for the results. A fresh look at the morality of decision‐making appears urgent. The issue is one of quantity versus quality in dealing with problems in human behavior.
Counseling in the culture cycle: feeling or reason?
Authors: MILLS DAVID H.
Published: January 2012

Recent changes in the student subculture are seen as manifestations of a more general phenomenon, that of cultures cyclically changing from affective predominance to cognitive predominance. The article examines the implications these changes have for counseling and counseling techniques, i.e., that the counselor is a translator of one cultural style to the other, and that his predominant tools are different in an affectively based culture from what they would be in a cognitively based one.