bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing Pedagogy in Mathematics in Denmark and England
Authors: Kelly Peter , Pratt Nick , Dorf Hans , Hohmann Ulrike
Published: December 2013

This article reports the findings of a comparative study of pedagogy in lower-secondary school mathematics in Denmark and England. Lesson observations and interviews identified the range of goals towards which teachers in each country worked and the actions these prompted. These were clustered using the lens of Bernstein's pedagogic discourse to construct mathematics teacher roles which provided a view of pedagogy. Comparison allowed variations in pedagogy across the two countries to be identified and implications drawn. Of particular interest were the differences in experience of lower-attaining pupils, and some of the advantages and disadvantages of mathematics pedagogy in each country for this group are indicated.
Hydrochemical Studies of Ground Water in Parts of Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Akoteyon Isaiah S.
Published: December 2013

Groundwater samples were randomly collected from forty-five protected dug wells and thirteen boreholes in parts of Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria. Samples were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids in situ. Cations (calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium) and anions (chloride, bicarbonate, sulphate and carbonates) were determined in the laboratory after standard procedure. The study is aimed at examining the extent of groundwater pollution and its possible sources using multivariate and graphical techniques. Rockware software was used to characterize groundwater composition while the sample locations were mapped with ArcMap 9.3 software. The results show high mean value in the groundwater characteristics of the protected dug wells compared to the boreholes. A significant relationship exists among EC/ TDS and major ions indicating the influence of sea water on the groundwater quality. The dominant cations and anions are in the order of: Ca2+ > Mg2+ >Na+ > K+; and Cl- >HCO3 - > SO42+ respectively. Factor analysis extracted two major sources of pollution (sea water and industrial) responsible for the processes controlling groundwater quality in the area. The Piper plot revealed seven distinct water types including Ca-HCO3, Ca-Cl, Mg-HCO3, Na-SO4, Mg-Cl, Na-HCO3 and Na-Cl representing 44.8%, 25%, 15.5%, 5.2%, 3.4%, 3.4%, and 1.7% respectively. The paper recommended monitoring of groundwater abstraction and treatment of industrial effluent before being released into the subsurface to prevent salinization and quality deterioration in the study area.
Temperature Characteristics and Spring Frost Risk in the Sour Cherry (Prunus Cerasus L.) Blooming Period in 1985–2010
Authors: Kurlus Robert , Małarzewski Łukasz , Niedźwiedź Tadeusz
Published: December 2013

The aim of the paper is an attempt to present the relationships between sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) blooming time, climatic conditions and spring frost risk in western Poland (Great Poland Lowland). Air temperature indices from meteorological stations in Przybroda and Poznań for the period 1985-2010 representing contemporary climate warming were used. ‘English Morello’ sour cherry phenological records for the period 1985-2010 were collected at the Research Station of Poznań University of Life Sciences located in Przybroda. The earliest end of blooming was observed on 2nd of May 1999, and the latest one on 26th of May 1987. The average period of sour cherry blooming was between 30th April and 12th May. During 50% of the years the blooming period lasted from 11 to 15 days. Mean monthly temperature in Przybroda varied from -1.1°C in January to 19.6°C in July. A significant relationship between the beginning date of cherry blooming and the beginning of the thermal vegetation period was found. Variability of the index explained more than 50% of variability in the first dates of cherries blooming (coefficient of determination R2 = 0.505 is significant on the level p < 0.05). The beginning of blooming was also significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with mean April temperature, which could explain about 43% of variability in the dates of the first bloom. An increase in April temperature by 1.0°C caused earlier blooming by about 2.8 days. During the period of 1985-2010 a significant increase in April temperature was observed (in Poznań 0.79°C per decade). It had an effect on advanced dates of the beginning of sour cherry blooming of about 3 days per decade. In 26 of the years the last frost occurred 4 times (15% of seasons) during the blooming phenological phase or later in Przybroda. Frost occurred 10 days before blooming started and during blooming in 54% of the years.
Runoff and inter-rill erosion in a Maritime Pine and a Eucalypt plantation following wildfire and terracing in north-central Portugal
Authors: Martins Martinho A.S. , Machado Ana I. , Serpa Dalila , Prats Sergio A. , Faria Sílvia R. , Varela María E.T. , González-Pelayo Óscar , Keizer J. Jacob
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this study was to assess how terracing affected overland flow and associated sediment losses, at the micro-plot scale (0.25 m2), in recently burnt stands of the two principal forest types in north-central Portugal, i.e. mono-specific stands of Maritime Pine and Eucalypt. Terracing is an increasingly common practice of slope engineering in the study region but its impacts on runoff and erosion are poorly studied. Non-terraced plots at the Eucalypt and the Pine site revealed similar median runoff coefficients (rc: 20-30%) as well as comparable median sediment losses (15-25 g m-2) during the first seven months following wildfire. During the ensuing, slightly wetter 18-month period, however, non-terraced plots at the Pine site lost noticeably more sediments (in median, 90 vs. 18 g m-2), in spite the runoff response had remained basically the same (median rc: 33 vs. 28%). By contrast, terraced plots at the same Pine site lost hugely more sediments (in median, 1,200 g m-2) during this 18-month period. Terraced plots at the Eucalypt site even lost three times more sediments (in median, 3,600 g m-2). Ground cover and resistance to shear stress seemed to be key factors in the observed/inferred impacts of terracing.
On the applicability of minimum channel length criterion for roll-waves in mud-flows
Authors: Di Cristo Cristiana , Iervolino Michele , Vacca Andrea
Published: December 2013

The paper addresses the prediction of roll-waves occurrence in mud-flows. The spatial growth of a point-wise disturbance is analytically described, based on the linearized flow model of a Herschel and Bulkley fluid, in the neighborhood of an initial uniform base condition. The theoretical achievements allow to generalize to mud-flows the minimum channel criterion commonly used for the prediction of roll-waves in clear-water. The applicability of the criterion is discussed through the comparison with literature laboratory data concerning unstable flows without rollwaves.
Criteria for selecting fluorescent dye tracers for soil hydrological applications using Uranine as an example
Authors: Gerke Kirill M. , Sidle Roy C. , Mallants Dirk
Published: December 2013

Calibrating and verifying 2-D and 3-D vadose zone flow and transport models requires detailed information on water and solute redistribution. Among the different water flow and mass transfer determination methods, staining tracers have the best spatial resolution allowing visualization and quantification of fluid flow including preferential flow paths. Staining techniques have been used successfully for several decades; however, the hydrological community is still searching for an “ideal” vadose zone tracer regarding flow path visualization. To date, most research using staining dyes is carried out with Brilliant Blue FCF. Fluorescent dyes such as Uranine, however, have significant advantages over nonfluorescents which makes them a promising alternative. This paper presents the first analysis of key properties any fluorescent substance must possess to qualify as a staining fluorescent tracer in vadose zone hydrological applications. First, we summarize the main physico-chemical properties of Uranine and evaluate its staining tracer potential with conventional suitability indicators and visibility testing in a soil profile. Based on numerical analysis using the theory of fluorescence, we show that a low molar absorption coefficient is a crucial parameter to quantify concentration accurately. In addition, excitation of a tracer on wavelengths different from the maximum excitation wavelength can extend the linear range of the concentration-fluorescence relationship significantly. Finally, we develop criteria for evaluating the suitability of any potential fluorescent soil staining compound for soil hydrological applications: 1) high quantum yield, 2) low molar absorption coefficient, 3) fluorescence independent of temperature, 4) low photodecomposition rates, and 5) fluorescence stable across a wide range of pH values.
Application of a hydrological-hydraulic modelling cascade in lowlands for investigating water and sediment fluxes in catchment, channel and reach
Authors: Kiesel Jens , Schmalz Britta , Brown Gary L. , Fohrer Nicola
Published: December 2013

This study shows a comprehensive simulation of water and sediment fluxes from the catchment to the reach scale. We describe the application of a modelling cascade in a well researched study catchment through connecting stateof- the-art public domain models in ArcGIS. Three models are used consecutively: (1) the hydrological model SWAT to evaluate water balances, sediment input from fields and tile drains as a function of catchment characteristics; (2) the onedimensional hydraulic model HEC-RAS to depict channel erosion and sedimentation along a 9 km channel onedimensionally; and (3) the two-dimensional hydraulic model AdH for simulating detailed substrate changes in a 230 m long reach section over the course of one year. Model performance for the water fluxes is very good, sediment fluxes and substrate changes are simulated with good agreement to observed data. Improvement of tile drain sediment load, simulation of different substrate deposition events and carrying out data sensitivity tests are suggested as future work. Main advantages that can be deduced from this study are separate representation of field, drain and bank erosion processes; shown adaptability to lowland catchments and transferability to other catchments; usability of the model’s output for habitat assessments.
Modelling value stream flows in the enterprise supply chain
Authors: Kużdowicz Paweł , Witkowski Krzysztof , Vidová Helena
Published: December 2013

Value stream flows in the supply chain This paper discusses supply chain management in an enterprise. A concept of modelling value stream flows defined in an integrated ERP-class information system is presented. The paper focuses on value stream flows in the areas of procurement, production, and sales in an enterprise. Such flows are illustrated by examples.
Children’s Views and Practices Regarding Online Advertising
Authors: Martínez Carolina , Jarlbro Gunilla , Sandberg Helena
Published: December 2013

This article focuses on children’s relationship with online advertising, a topic which is insufficiently researched. Individual interviews (n=20) were conducted with Swedish children to gain insight into their views and practices regarding advertising on the internet. The interview results are interpreted in relation to de Certeau’s (1984) theory of practices in everyday life, and New dimensions regarding the concept of tactics are highlighted in the conclusion. The results suggest that children have an ambivalent or negative view of online advertising. They report on avoidance tactics used in order to escape advertisements, but they also sometimes find it difficult to cope with advertisements due to their frequent appearance, color and motion. The children also report on their uses of online advertising as entertainment, and the authors stress the need for policymakers to consider whether the regulatory framework for broadcasting could be extended to cover online advertising.
The value of the terricolous lichen Cetrariella delisei in the biomonitoring of heavy−metal levels in Svalbard
Authors: Węgrzyn Michał , Lisowska Maja , Nicia Paweł
Published: December 2013

The aim of this study was to identify a suitable lichen species for the long−term monitoring of heavy−metal atmospheric pollution in Svalbard. Cladonia and Cetraria s.l. species that have been widely used until now for assessing heavy−metal deposition in the Arctic are in decline over extensive areas of Svalbard, mainly due to climate change and over−grazing by reindeer. Cetrariella delisei, rarely used for biomonitoring, is still common and widespread in this area. Levels of Cr, Ni, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Mn were measured in three lichen species: Cetrariella delisei, Cladonia uncialis, Flavocetraria nivalis and in a moss Racomitrium lanuginosum from Sørkapp Land, South Spitsbergen. The results imply that Cetrariella delisei can be safely compared to Cladonia uncialis for identifying the levels of heavy metals, but direct comparison between Cetrariella delisei and other species studied is more difficult owing to differences in levels of heavy metals even in samples from the same site.
Evaluation of Rowanberry and Rowanberry-Pumpkin Sauces
Authors: Berņa Elga , Kampuse Solvita , Straumīte Evita , Mūrniece Irisa
Published: December 2013

Rowanberries (Sorbus aucuparia) are small orange-red fruits of a rowan tree. They have been described as an important source of flavonoids, and their antioxidant activity affects reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Cultivars of sweet rowanberries and hybrids with other species are sweeter and less astringent than wild rowanberries. The aim of the current study was to determine physical and chemical properties of sauces from various cultivars of wild and sweet rowanberries, and mixes of sweet rowanberries with pumpkins, and to assess their degree of acceptance. The experiments were carried out at the Faculty of Food Technology of the Latvia University of Agriculture. The sauces were made from purees of wild rowanberry and sweet rowanberry cultivars and purees of sweet rowanberry with apple or pumpkin using different species. The content of total dry matter, soluble solids, total carotene, pH, colour L* a* b* values and texture parameters were determined in samples of the sauces. The results showed large variability between the rowanberry and rowanberry-pumpkin sauces. The total dry matter content of sauce samples varied from 25.92 to 31.38%, the total carotene content from 3.94 ± 0.40 to 7.34 ± 0.57 mg 100 g-1 DM, and firmness from 0.5 to 2.2 N. According with sensory evaluation the panellists liked (P < 0.05) sauces samples made from rowanberry ‘Michurinskaya krasnaya’ puree and from ‘Granatnaya’ and pumpkin purees.
Overview of Linseed Production in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Nožinić Miloš , Rajĉević Bojan , Jović Duško , Kluga Linda , Malĉić Tanja , Bojić Vesna
Published: December 2013

Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), as one of the richest sources of omega-3 fatty acids, antitumoral phytoestrogens and plant mucilage, has great importance for human health. For this reason, the Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska promotes linseed production and processing through practical research activities. This paper provides an overview of linseed production and research activities on linseed since 2004, when this crop was returned into production in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The most important findings regarding linseed production and quality in recent years are discussed. So far, it seems that organic linseed production has better perspective in mountain regions compared to lowlands, mainly due to lack of invasive weeds 500 m above sea level. Until now, linseed diseases that can spoil the quality of seed, have not been recorded, due to extensive linseed production. The first comprehensive technological analyses of cold extracted linseed oil from the mountain region Petrovac showed unique quality characteristics. This mountain region is well known for its virgin nature and sunny microclimate. This has resulted in increased interest for linseed oil, as well as raised the price of domestic linseed oil.
Nutritional Supplements in Optimal Human Nutrition
Authors: Kronberga Maija , Kārkliņa Daina
Published: December 2013

The basic requirements for human health and life quality improvement are wholeness, variety and moderation in food choices. In industrial countries the numbers of adipose inhabitants is constantly growing. People consume insufficiently vegetables, fruits and fish. The missing nutrients must be augmented with the help of functional foodstuffs. The objective of the study was to compare the impact of food supplements and local products rich in fibre and polyunsaturated fatty acids on the human body. The research was conducted at the Rîga Heart Consulting Room in 2010. For two months, 60 volunteers in three groups: using the food supplement “Wellness” in their diet (Wellness group), or Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) and linseeds (Linum usitatissimum L.) (Nature group) and Control group were monitored. The participants’ weight, girth, amount of glucose and level of cholesterol were measured by standard methods. Data acquired were analysed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS (level of significance P < 0.05). The cholesterol level was reduced by 14% in the Nature Group. Glucose normalised to 5.8 mmol/l. Weight of participants was reduced by 2 to 7 kg. The results show that by enriching the daily diet with food supplements, both as natural products and as a special complex, it is possible to reduce body weight, reduce cholesterol and glucose levels in the blood, and reduce the risks of obesity and coronary heart disease.
Content of Phenolic Compounds in Various Sea Buckthorn Parts
Authors: Šne Elga , Segliņa Dalija , Galoburda Ruta , Krasnova Inta
Published: December 2013

All parts of the sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) plant are considered to contain large amounts of compounds that are believed to have beneficial health effects. Till now, different parts of sea buckthorn plant have been used for the treatment of diseases in traditional medicine in various countries. Nevertheless, sea buckthorn parts would be a good raw material not only for medicinal properties but also for food products with functional properties; therefore, the aim of the research was to determine the concentration of different phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in various sea buckthorn parts. The study was conducted on parts of female and male sea buckthorn bushes. Phenolic compounds (total phenols, total flavonoids and condensed tannins) and antioxidative activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) free radical scavenging activity (using 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)) in ethanolic extracts of leaves, shoots, flowers, and berries were determined using various spectrophotometric methods. The study showed that concentration of phenolic compounds differed among parts of sea buckthorn plant and among gender. Leaves of female plants proved to be the most valuable, as they contained the highest total phenol concentration (165.76 mg/g) and antioxidant activity (220.97 mg/g for FRAP and 43.76 mg/g for DPPH), while lowest values were found in young shoots of male plants (84.94 mg/g, 94.24 mg/g and 24.63 mg/g, respectively). The significant differences in chemical composition and biological activity of sea buckthorn leaves, shoots, berries, and buds indicate a need for detailed studies of their extracts, specific fractions and compounds during a whole vegetative season.
Approximation of eigenvalues for unbounded Jacobi matrices using finite submatrices
Authors: Monvel Anne , Zielinski Lech
Published: December 2013

We consider an infinite Jacobi matrix with off-diagonal entries dominated by the diagonal entries going to infinity. The corresponding self-adjoint operator J has discrete spectrum and our purpose is to present results on the approximation of eigenvalues of J by eigenvalues of its finite submatrices.
Geoarchaeological and Environmental Work at the Sacred Animal Necropolis, North Saqqara, Egypt
Authors: Nicholson Paul T. , Harrison John , Ikram Salima , Early Erin , Qin Ying
Published: December 2013

This paper summarises work undertaken during the Catacombs of Anubis project which has examined the Dog Catacomb at North Saqqara. It examines the condition and natural decay of the monument as well as looking at the environs of the Lake of Abusir at the northern end of the site
Library Demand for E-books and E-book Pricing: An Economic Analysis
Authors: Besen Stanley M. , Kirby Sheila Nataraj
Published: December 2013

This paper provides an economic analysis of the market in which libraries acquire electronic books (e-books) from publishers. It first analyses the differences between print and e-books and explains how these differences affect the willingness of libraries to pay for e-books. Next, it extends the analysis to consider how this willingness to pay is affected by the restrictions imposed by some publishers on the use of e-books by libraries, such as restrictions on simultaneous and total usage and on the duration of usage. It also analyses the effect of publishers' adoption of ‘pure metering,’ in which libraries would pay a publisher each time they lend an e-book to a patron. Finally, the paper analyses how the fact that readers can substitute direct purchases of e-books with borrowing from a library affects the behaviour of publishers.
Disruptive Conclusions: The Future of Australian Educational Publishing
Authors: Hargrave Jocelyn
Published: December 2013

The adherence to the traditional print-distribution business model by multinational educational publishers in Australia precludes their provision of digital-first online resources for students and teachers. In other words, their print-first content embodies linear reading experiences rather than online, hyperlinked journeys. However, one publisher stands out from the rest in regard to the latter—the Jacaranda imprint of educational publisher John Wiley & Sons Australia. Jacaranda recognizes users' disruptive expectations of educational content: digital-first online modular courses that branch out into interactive learning and assessment.
Holzfeuerungen: eine bedeutende Quelle von Feinstaub in der Schweiz
Authors: Baltensperger Urs , Bruns Emily , Dommen Josef , Haddad Imad El , Heringa Maarten F. , Prévôt André S.H. , Slowik Jay G. , Weingartner Ernest , Hueglin Christoph , Herich Hanna , Keller Alejandro , Burtscher Heinz , Heck Thomas , Meyer Nickolas K.
Published: December 2013

Wood combustion: a substantial source of airborne particulate matter in Switzerland

Wood is a renewable energy source. Wood combustion for heating purposes therefore helps in reducing CO2 emissions. However, it often results in high emissions of particulate matter (PM) which includes both black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC). PM has adverse health effects and should therefore be minimized. This paper reports on the latest methods to quantify the contribution of wood combustion to PM load and gives values for PM, BC, and OC from wood combustion at a number of different sites in Switzerland. State of the art methods to characterize emissions are presented and examples are given. It is shown that a major fraction of the emissions stems from small wood stoves, where the emissions are especially high during the starting phase. In addition, these small furnaces emit large amounts of gases which are rapidly oxidized and form secondary aerosols in the atmosphere. Improvements in the emissions of small wood stoves can be achieved by an increased deployment of pellet ovens, by the development and application of new technology for exhaust gas cleaning, as well as through other ways of wood usage.
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia-Report of 2 Cases in a Family
Authors: Fatema Kanij , Rahman Mizanur , Akhter Shaheen , Karim Tahmina
Published: December 2013

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v37i2.17270 BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2013; VOL 37 (2) : 127-129
Abstract from Current Literature Vol.37(2)
Authors: Kabir ARM Luthful
Published: December 2013

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v37i2.17273 BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2013; VOL 37 (2) : 136-137
Mutation in the pssA Gene Involved in Exopolysaccharide Synthesis Leads to Several Physiological and Symbiotic Defects in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii
Authors: Janczarek Monika , Rachwał Kamila
Published: December 2013

The symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii 24.2 secretes large amounts of acidic exopolysaccharide (EPS), which plays a crucial role in establishment of effective symbiosis with clover. The biosynthesis of this heteropolymer is conducted by a multi-enzymatic complex located in the bacterial inner membrane. PssA protein, responsible for the addition of glucose-1-phosphate to a polyprenyl phosphate carrier, is involved in the first step of EPS synthesis. In this work, we characterize R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain Rt270 containing a mini-Tn5 transposon insertion located in the 3'-end of the pssA gene. It has been established that a mutation in this gene causes a pleiotropic effect in rhizobial cells. This is confirmed by the phenotype of the mutant strain Rt270, which exhibits several physiological and symbiotic defects such as a deficiency in EPS synthesis, decreased motility and utilization of some nutrients, decreased sensitivity to several antibiotics, an altered extracellular protein profile, and failed host plant infection. The data of this study indicate that the protein product of the pssA gene is not only involved in EPS synthesis, but also required for proper functioning of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii cells.
Tandem Aldol-Michael Reactions in Aqueous Diethylamine Medium: A Greener and Efficient Approach to Bis-Pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Al-Majid Abdullah , Barakat Assem , AL-Najjar Hany , Mabkhot Yahia , Ghabbour Hazem , Fun Hoong-Kun
Published: December 2013

A simple protocol, involving the green synthesis for the construction of novel bis-pyrimidine derivatives, 3a–i and 4a–e are accomplished by the aqueous diethylamine media promoted tandem Aldol-Michael reaction between two molecules of barbituric acid derivatives 1a,b with various aldehydes. This efficient synthetic protocol using an economic and environmentally friendly reaction media with versatility and shorter reaction time provides bis-pyrimidine derivatives with high yields (88%–99%).
The Dual Role of Smad7 in the Control of Cancer Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Stolfi Carmine , Marafini Irene , De Simone Veronica , Pallone Francesco , Monteleone Giovanni
Published: December 2013

Smad7 was initially identified as an inhibitor of Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β due mainly to its ability to bind TGF-β receptor type I and prevent TGF-β-associated Smad signaling. More recently, it has been demonstrated that Smad7 can interact with other intracellular proteins and regulate also TGF-β-independent signaling pathways thus making a valid contribution to the neoplastic processes in various organs. In particular, data emerging from experimental studies indicate that Smad7 may differently modulate the course of various tumors depending on the context analyzed. These observations, together with the demonstration that Smad7 expression is deregulated in many cancers, suggest that therapeutic interventions around Smad7 can help interfere with the development/progression of human cancers. In this article we review and discuss the available data supporting the role of Smad7 in the modulation of cancer growth and progression.
The Lack of Cytotoxic Effect and Radioadaptive Response in Splenocytes of Mice Exposed to Low Level Internal β-Particle Irradiation through Tritiated Drinking Water in Vivo
Authors: Flegal Matthew , Blimkie Melinda , Roch-Lefevre Sandrine , Gregoire Eric , Klokov Dmitry
Published: December 2013

Health effects of tritium, a β-emitter and a by-product of the nuclear industry, is a subject of significant controversy. This mouse in vivo study was undertaken to monitor biological effects of low level tritium exposure. Mice were exposed to tritiated drinking water (HTO) at 10 KBq/L, 1 MBq/L and 20 MBq/L concentrations for one month. The treatment did not result in a significant increase of apoptosis in splenocytes. To examine if this low level tritium exposure alters radiosensitivity, the extracted splenocytes were challenged in vitro with 2 Gy γ-radiation, and apoptotic responses at 1 and 24 h were measured. No alterations in the radiosensitivity were detected in cells from mice exposed to tritium compared to sham-treated mice. In contrast, low dose γ-irradiation at 20 or 100 mGy, resulted in a significant increase in resistance to apoptotic cell death after 2 Gy irradiation; an indication of the radioadaptive response. Overall, our data suggest that low concentrations of tritium given to mice as HTO in drinking water do not exert cytotoxic effect in splenocytes, nor do they change cellular sensitivity to additional high dose γ-radiation. The latter may be considered as the lack of a radioadaptive response, typically observed after low dose γ-irradiation.
Comparative Osteogenesis of Radiopaque Dicalcium Silicate Cement and White-Colored Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in a Rabbit Femur Model
Authors: Wu Buor-Chang , Huang Shu-Ching , Ding Shinn-Jyh
Published: December 2013

The radiopaque dicalcium silicate cement (RDSC) displayed a shortened setting time and good biocompatibility. This study aimed to compare the regenerative potential of RDSC and white-colored mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) using a rabbit femur model. The animals were sacrificed at one, three and six months to accomplish histological and biochemical analyses. The results indicated that after one month of implantation, WMTA was associated with a greyish color alteration within its mass, while RDSC presented color stability even at six months. Histological assay with Masson’s Trichrome and Von Kossa stains showed the presence of newly formed bone surrounding the implanted sites in the rabbit femur. The histochemical data revealed that the RDSC group had significantly more bone regeneration than did the WMTA groups at three and six months. The conclusion drawn is that the encouraging results support the potential applications of RDSC as an improved alternative to WMTA for endodontic uses.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Semiempirical Studies of New Quaternary Alkylammonium Conjugates of Sterols
Authors: Brycki Bogumił , Koenig Hanna , Kowalczyk Iwona , Pospieszny Tomasz
Published: December 2013

New quaternary alkylammonium conjugates of steroids were obtained by two step reaction of sterols (ergosterol, cholesterol, dihydrocholesterol) with bromoacetic acid bromide, followed by bimolecular nucleophilic substitution with a long chain tertiary alkylamine. The structures of products were conﬁrmed by spectral (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FT-IR) analysis, mass spectrometry and PM5 semiempirical methods. The pharmacotherapeutic potential of synthesized compounds has been estimated on the basis of Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS).
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 3-[Phenyl(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-amino]propanoic Acids and Their Derivatives
Authors: Mickevičius Vytautas , Voskienė Aušra , Jonuškienė Ilona , Kolosej Ramūnė , Šiugždaitė Jūratė , Venskutonis Petras , Kazernavičiūtė Rita , Brazienė Zita , Jakienė Elena
Published: December 2013

New N,N-disubstituted β-amino acids and their derivatives with thiazole, aromatic, and heterocyclic substituents were synthesized from N-phenyl-N-thiocarbamoyl-β-alanine by the Hantzsch method; derivatives with hydrazone fragments were also obtained. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibited discrete antimicrobial activity, and 3-[(4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)(phenyl)amino]propanoic acid was found to promote rapeseed growth and to increase seed yield and oil content.
Helping Eve Overcome ADAM: G-Quadruplexes in the ADAM-15 Promoter as New Molecular Targets for Breast Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Brown Robert , Gaerig Vanessa , Simmons Taesha , Brooks Tracy
Published: December 2013

ADAM-15, with known zymogen, secretase, and disintegrin activities, is a catalytically active member of the ADAM family normally expressed in early embryonic development and aberrantly expressed in various cancers, including breast, prostate and lung. ADAM-15 promotes extracellular shedding of E-cadherin, a soluble ligand for the HER2/neu receptor, leading to activation, increased motility, and proliferation. Targeted downregulation of both ADAM-15 and HER2/neu function synergistically kills breast cancer cells, but to date there are no therapeutic options for decreasing ADAM-15 function or expression. In this vein, we have examined a unique string of guanine-rich DNA within the critical core promoter of ADAM-15. This region of DNA consists of seven contiguous runs of three or more consecutive guanines, which, under superhelical stress, can relax from duplex DNA to form an intrastrand secondary G-quadruplex (G4) structure. Using biophysical and biological techniques, we have examined the G4 formation within the entire and various truncated regions of the ADAM-15 promoter, and demonstrate strong intrastrand G4 formation serving to function as a biological silencer element. Characterization of the predominant G4 species formed within the ADAM-15 promoter will allow for specific drug targeting and stabilization, and the further development of novel, targeted therapeutics.
Salty Taste Acuity Is Affected by the Joint Action of αENaC A663T Gene Polymorphism and Available Zinc Intake in Young Women
Authors: Noh Hwayoung , Paik Hee-Young , Kim Jihye , Chung Jayong
Published: December 2013

Salty taste perception affects salt intake, of which excess amounts is a major public health concern. Gene polymorphisms in salty taste receptors, zinc status and their interaction may affect salty taste perception. In this study, we examined the relationships among the α-epithelial sodium channel (αENaC) A663T genotype, zinc intake, and salty taste perception including salty taste acuity and preference in healthy young adults. The αENaC A663T genotype was determined by the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 207 adults. Zinc intake was examined by one 24-h recall and a two-day dietary record. Salty taste acuity and preference were determined by measuring the salty taste recognition threshold and the preferred salinity of beansprout soup, respectively. Men had significantly higher thresholds and preferences for salty taste than women did (p < 0.05). In women, the salty taste threshold was significantly lower in the highest tertile of available zinc intake than in the lowest tertile (12.2 mM and 17.6 mM, respectively, p = 0.02). Interestingly, a significant inverse association between available zinc intake and salty taste threshold was found only in women with αENaC AA homozygotes (β = −0.833, p = 0.02), and no such association was found in T663 allele carriers. The salty taste preference was not associated with the αENaC A663T genotype or available zinc intake in either sex. In conclusion, our data suggest that gene-nutrient interactions between the αENaC A663T genotype and available zinc intake play a role in determining the salty taste acuity in young women.
Introduction
Authors: Michael M. G.
Published: December 2013

When or how uberveillance will be implemented in its full-blown manifestation is still a subject for some intriguing discussion and a topic of robust disagreement, but what is generally accepted by most of the interlocutors is that an “uberveillance society” will emerge sooner rather than later, and that one way or another this will mean an immense upheaval in all of our societal, business, and government relationships. What is apparent from the numerous qualitative and quantitative studies conducted is that microchipping people is a discernibly divisive issue. If we continue on the current trajectory, we will soon see further divisions – not just between those who have access to the Internet and those who do not, but between those who subjugate themselves to be physically connected to the Web of Things and People, and those who are content enough to simply have Internet connectivity through external devices like smart phones, to those who opt to live completely off the grid. Time will only tell how we as human-beings will adapt after we willingly adopt innovations with extreme and irreversible operations. This introduction serves to provide a background context for the term uberveillance, which has received significant international attention since its establishment.
Uberveillance, Standards, and Anticipation
Authors: Whyte Kyle Powys , List Monica , Stone John V. , Grooms Daniel , Gasteyer Stephen , Thompson Paul B. , Busch Lawrence , Buskirk Daniel , Giorda Erica , Bouri Hilda
Published: December 2013

Uberveillance of humans will emerge through embedding chips within nonhumans in order to monitor humans. The case explored in this chapter involves the development of nanotechnology and biosensors for the real-time tracking of the identity, location, and properties of livestock in the U.S. agrifood system. The primary method for research on this case was an expert forum. Developers of biosensors see the tracking capabilities as empowering users to control some aspects of a situation that they face. Such control promises to improve public health, animal welfare, and/or economic gains. However, the ways in which social and ethical frameworks are built into standards for the privacy/access, organization, adaptability, and transferability of data are crucial in determining whether the diverse actors in the supply chain will embrace nanobiosensors and advance the ideals of the developers. Further research should be done that explores the possibilities of tripartite standards regimes and sousveillance in relation to nanobiosensors in agrifood.
Emerging Pedagogies in the Networked Knowledge Communities
Authors: Limbu Marohang
Published: December 2013

The chapter discusses networked knowledge societies, networked knowledge communities, digital technologies, and emerging pedagogies. Then, it examines the breadth and depth of Web 2.0 tools, social networking sites, and interactive cloud spaces in relation to a digitally globalized world. It further stresses how networked communities and networked societies tend to blur the traditional concept of social, cultural, linguistic, and political dichotomies. After these discussions, it explores some sites of emerging pedagogies in networked communities, especially in academic institutions, social institutions, and networked global communities. Finally, by showing some problems and concerns of digital technologies and networked knowledge communities in the context of twenty-first century cloud era, it concludes by offering some potential future directions. Overall, this chapter accentuates the process of digital collaboration, content creation, dissemination and consumption of knowledge in the networked communities, and how networked knowledge communities and technologies are impacting global epistemic shifts in the twenty-first century digital village.
A Triangulation Approach to Understand Multi-Cultural College Students’ Technology Literacy in a Composition Classroom
Authors: Kang Yowei
Published: December 2013

Despite intense debates over the use of computer and networked technologies in composition classrooms, research has been limited by one dimensional support or criticism of integrating technologies into classrooms. The inability to consider students as a central role in the literacy acquisition process has led to many problems in the rhetoric of technology as well as in the implementation of computer and networked technologies in a composition classroom. This study employed a triangulation method to gather empirical data to better assess and critique the rhetoric of technology in composition pedagogy literature. The author collected both quantitative and qualitative data to uncover issues critical to students’ technology literacy in a technologized composition classroom. A questionnaire survey was distributed to 62 bi-cultural undergraduate students conveniently recruited from a large southwestern university near the U.S.-Mexico border. Findings from the quantitative method discovered that English instructors’ technology literacy had significant impacts on students’ own technology literacy. Furthermore, narratives from the qualitative method identify the following themes about technology: effectiveness, practicality, instrumentality, and institutional enforcement. In conclusion, the author discusses the importance of technology literacy in composition classrooms to demonstrate its implications on global literacy theory and practices.
Twitter in Higher Education
Authors: Bista Krishna
Published: December 2013

Twitter as a micro-blog in higher education has been considered a new pedagogical tool for social and academic communications among educators and students since its inception in 2006. Twitter provides space and opportunities for students and faculty to engage in social and academic activities as a new pedagogical tool. Despite the limited research on Twitter as a learning tool, a significant number of educators in the US, the UK, Australia, and other parts of the world have used Twitter to interact with students, to share course information, and to collaborate research among educators. This chapter presents existing literature on Twitter and debates on the usage of Twitter in higher education as a learning pedagogy.
Sporting Safe in the Liminal Sphere
Authors: Khadka Santosh
Published: December 2013

Facebook, like any other social networking site, troubles the traditional categories of private and public spheres. As it complicates (and transcends) the distinction, it can be called a different space, or a liminal space, which falls somewhere in-between private and public spheres. The author argues that this recognition of Facebook as a liminal sphere has important implications to the (re) definition of public and private spheres and to the ways rhetoric should work or be used in the Web 2.0 sites like Facebook. The author also proposes that Michael de Certeau’s notions of “strategy” and “tactics” can be powerful rhetorical tools to deal with Facebook’s liminality and to enhance the rhetorical performance of self in Facebook and other similar new media forums.
Improving Spatial Data Quality through Spatial ETL Processes
Authors: Malinowski Elzbieta , Campos Sehyris
Published: December 2013

The growing availability of spatial data related to different aspects makes managers at different levels of administration aware of the possibilities to enhance decision making processes through map visualization. Currently, the so-called location intelligence is identified as an important trend for the next-generation business intelligence solutions. However, before considering spatial data as “first-class citizens,” users that are not experts in geo-fields (e.g., cartography, surveying) should learn about possible problems that may arise while using and producing spatial data. These problems must be solved to improve spatial data quality and to increase the benefits that this data can deliver. Unfortunately, there is still a poor connection in applying scientific solutions, international standards, or technological advances for improving spatial data quality in everyday usage of this data. In this chapter, the authors refer to different problems that may exist in handling spatial data and show several examples of how these problems can be detected and solved using spatial ETL tools. Problem detection is based on a set of control parameters derived from the international standard.
Agile Information Management Governance
Authors: Bates Conrad
Published: December 2013

Research has shown that IT project failure rates increase in line with project size, and by the time you reach projects over $10M, the failure rate hits 100% (The Standish Group International, Inc., 1999). Hughes and Stodder (2012) go on to show that at an average cost of $12.8M, large data warehousing projects were failing 65% of the time for internally built apps and 86% of the time for purchased packages. The outtake here is that small projects are by far more successful. “We have long been convinced that shorter time frames, with delivery of software components early and often, increase the success rate” (The Standish Group International, Inc., 1999, p. 3). How can this be achieved on large projects? It is possible to be successful at the enterprise level, but it requires a fresh approach to project execution, an ability to deliver projects in small, incremental chunks while maintaining business involvement and support, and setting clear, achievable objectives throughout the program.
eLearning Pedagogy
Authors: Suriano Gina M.
Published: December 2013

The online “classroom” can be a rich learning environment; however, many instructors are inadequately prepared, thereby undermining our students’ educational experiences. The following case study is based on a retrospective of experiences as course designer and instructor, feedback and examples from student online experiences, and an analysis of scholarly research. This chapter contributes to the literature on eLearning theory and practice by providing detailed insights and improvements on methodologies, technology, and practice, thereby promoting critical thinking related to effective online instruction. A qualitative, descriptive analysis of professional development, personal mastery, organization, open communication, assessment, and an overarching element of eLearning pedagogy comprise the vital elements for sound, effective online teaching. In order for online instructors to provide a rich learning experience, these elements must be developed and implemented for effective learning outcomes.
Improving the Online Dissertation Writing Process
Authors: Shen Libi , Chen Irene Linlin
Published: December 2013

Online doctoral programs have been developed rapidly over the years due to the advance of technology, and educators are seeking a new educational paradigm and innovative instructional strategies for online doctoral programs. This study presents cases of doctoral learners and dissertation mentors in online dissertation courses. The goal of this case study is to raise awareness for the need of an interactive mentor-mentee relationship in online higher education and to provide pointers and guidance for both mentors and mentees in navigating the maze of ill-structured learning. The findings of this study imply that social presence in distance education affects doctoral learners’ learning, course satisfaction, and faculty-student relationships in the dissertation writing process. This case study has implications for instructional designers and educators in infusing faculty-student interactions with technological support.
Integrating Course Quality within a Community of Practice
Authors: Sherman Jocelyn , Yener Michelle , Price Casey , Grant Linda , Gable Karla , White Nick
Published: December 2013

Online institutions continue to seek quality guidelines related to effective course development and quality improvements. The struggle lies in getting support from institutional leaders to implement new ideas. While perseverance and serendipity always play a part when these efforts are successful, a few of Capella’s strategies were vital to their implementation of systematic course quality: 1. Selecting a course quality assurance partner that was a good fit, 2. Piloting the program for fit and to build experienced supporters, 3. Forming a core group that was accountable for the implementation, 4. Building a steering committee of senior leaders from across the institution, 5. Nurturing a community of practice with many avenues for genuine participation, and 6. Establishing and being held accountable for measurable goals. This case study describes Capella University’s implementation of a course quality system through a community of practice (CoP) model that facilitated genuine buy-in rather than top-down implementation.