bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability of morphological and anatomical characteristics of Serbian spruce (Picea omorika /Panc./ Purkyne) needles of natural population located in the Milesevka river canyon
Authors: Popovic Vladan , Lucic Aleksandar , Rakonjac Ljubinko , Maksimovic Zoran , Ristic Danijela
Published: January 2021

Serbian spruce (Picea omorika /Panc./ Purkyne) is rare and endangered
tertiary relict and endemic species in the Balkan Peninsula. Its natural
distribution is fragmented and restricted to western Serbia and eastern
Bosnia and Herzegovina, mainly in the canyon of middle course of the Drina
river. Since the mid-19th century, the number and size of populations have
been steadily decreasing accompanied by a decline in the number of mature
individuals, endangering natural regeneration is endangered. The objective
of this study is to determine variability within Serbian spruce (Picea
omorika /Panc./ Purkyne) natural population in the canyon of the Milesevka
river on the basis of morphological and anatomical characteristics of
needles and, thus, to broaden knowledge on this rare and endangered species.
Twigs with needles collected from all mature individuals that represent the
population were used as material for the study. The following morphological
and anatomical characteristics were measured: NL- needle length; NH - needle
height; NW - needle width; CT+EH - cuticle + epidermis height; HH -
hypodermis height; VB - vascular bundle diameter; No of SC - number of resin
channels; SC diameter - resin channel diameter. The average values of the
measured characteristics are: needle length 13.23 mm; needle width 1239.93
?m; needle height 608.63 ?m; cuticle + epidermis height 11.49; hypodermis
height 17.59 ?m; vascular bundle diameter 220.64 ?m; number of resin
channels 0.74; resin channel diameter 52.36 ?m. The characteristics with the
highest variability are as follows: number of resin channels (161.64%);
resin channel diameter (25.35%); hypodermis height (20.79%), while the
needle width is a characteristic with the lowest variability (6.39%). The
results of the analysis of variance showed very high statistical differences
within population for all studied characteristics (p<0.01; ?=0.05). In order
to make the results clearer, it is necessary to investigate the genetic
diversity and population structure by analyzing various phenotypic
characteristics in specially designed experiments (e.g. progeny tests) as
well as by analyzing appropriate DNA markers. The studied population must be
involved in continuous conservation and breeding processes, especially
through appropriate forms of ex situ conservation.
Multi-environment evaluation of foxtail millet advanced lines for forage yield stability
Authors: Ataei Reza , Shiri Mohammad
Published: January 2021

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. P. Beauv.) is a very important crop in the
arid and semi-arid areas. In the present study, five advanced lines and one
commercial check (Bastan) were tested across12 (six locations and two years)
environments. An attempt was made to identify superior line(s) with emphasis
on high forage yield potential and yield stability over multi-environment
trials using GGE biplot analysis. The study was conducted using a randomized
complete block design with four replications. Combined analysis of variance
for forage yield showed that the genotypes, environments, and the
interaction effects were highly significant (P ? 0.01). The environment,
genotype and interaction effects accounted for 76.38%, 6.97% and 8.92% of
the total forage yield variation, respectively. GGE biplot analysis showed
that G5 has both high forage yield and stability across the studied
environments and E3 and E4 were high-yielding environments in this study.
Which-won-where study partitioned the testing locations into two
mega-environments with G5 and G3 as winning genotypes in the first and
second mega-environment, respectively. According to discriminate ability and
representativeness, the E4 and E12 environments were perfect environments.
Overall, existence of extensive crossover interaction clearly suggested that
efforts are necessary to identify location-specific genotypes over
multi-environment trials for release of new varieties.
The single nucleotide polymorphism arg399gln rs25487 in XRCC1 gene is a breast cancer risk factor, but is not related to tp53 mutation status
Authors: Arghavanian Yalda , Adampour Mina , Pouladi Nasser , Bagherlou Nazanin , Feizi Hosseinpour , Dastmalchi Narges , Babaei Esmaeil
Published: January 2021

Genetic changes in DNA repair genes, such as X-ray cross-complementing group1
(XRCC1), can cause modifications in the capacity of damaged DNA repair and
affect the risk of cancer. Several mutations in TP53, which is a tumor
suppressor gene, have been associated with breast cancer. In this study, it
is aimed to evaluate the association of genetic variation in XRCC1rs25487
single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with TP53 mutation and breast cancer
risk. In this research, 200 breast cancer women and 200 controls from the
Iranian-Azeri population, Iran, were enrolled. Genomic DNA was extracted
from the whole blood of controls patients. PCR-RFLP was carried out to
genotype all participants for XRCC1rs25487SNP. Determination of possible
mutations of TP53 in exons 5,6,7, and 8 were performed on 30 cancerous
breast tissues through sequencing the amplified fragments. Our results of
the case-control study indicated that the GA genotype of XRCC1 gene in
rs25487polymorphism has a significantly risk effect on the breast cancer in
the dominant genetic model (OR: 1.580, 95% CI: (1.025-2.436); p-value
=0.049) and also GA genotype of XRCC1 gene in rs25487polymorphism has a
protective effect on breast cancer in overdominant genetic model (OR: 0.591,
95% CI (0.395-0.886), p-value = 0.014). Furthermore, genotypes of this SNP
did not associate with the clinical specifications of the patients and P53
mutation status. Sequencing results showed the mutational spectrum of P53 in
the studied cases. According to the results of this study, in some of the
genetic models, XRCC1SNP appears to be a modulator of breast cancer risk in
Iranian East-Azerbaijan women. However, there was no correlation between
XRCC1SNP and TP53 mutation status of the tumor.
Phenotypic variation of fig genotypes (Ficus carica L.) in the eastern Mediterranean of Turkey
Authors: Simsek Erdem , Kilic Derya , Caliskan Oguzhan
Published: January 2021

Turkey is one of the main genetic origins of figs (Ficus ssp.). The study was
carried out to determine the phenotypic variation of fig genotypes grown in
Tarsus, Mersin, in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. In the study,
24 female fig genotypes selected from Tarsus were investigated based on
plant and fruit quality characteristics. Only Haziran ?nciri ripened the
breba (first) crop and the other genotypes ripened the main crop. The fruit
weight of the fig genotypes ranged between 22.37 g and 90.16 g, total
soluble solids content (TSS) ranged between 12.6 and 25.0% and TSS/acidity
ranged between 29.2 and 161.5. From the plant and fruit characteristics, 26
out of 45 attributes were determined to be more appropriate in the
identification and discrimination of the fig genotypes in the research area.
Siyah ?ncir6, Bardak1, Sar? ?ncir1 and Siyah ?ncir3 genotypes were the
highest in overall quality parameters. The results showed that the measured
plant and fruit characteristics of the fig genotypes have significant
phenotypic variations.
Genetic diversity, population structure and allele mining of genes governing grain size related traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Bollineni Swarajyalakshmi , Naik Bukya , Naik Suresh , Kadambari Gopalakrishnamurthy , Reddy Eswar , Malathi S. , Reddy Eswar , Akkareddy Srividhya , Sekhar Reddi , Tanti Bahben , Veni Krishna , Lakshmi Vijaya , Vemireddy Lakshminarayana
Published: January 2021

The present study was undertaken for allele mining of genes governing grain
dimensions viz., grain length, grain width, grain thickness, grain size and
grain weight. The molecular markers linked to the reported genes for these
traits were used to screen 124 diverse rice genotypes. Thirty-two molecular
markers used in this study produced a total of 86 alleles among 124 rice
genotypes. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 4 with an average of 2.58
alleles per locus. A dendrogram consisting of 124 rice genotypes revealed
that all the genotypes can be divided into two groups. An analysis of the
model-based population structure using simple sequence repeats (SSRs)
covering all 12 chromosomes provided evidence of a significant population
structure in the rice genotypes. The novel alleles identified in the study
could be of great value for development of consumer-targeted rice varieties.
Inventory and preservation investment for deteriorating system with stock-dependent demand and partial backlogged shortages
Authors: Shah Nita , Rabari Kavita , Patel Ekta
Published: January 2021

Our model deals with the stock-dependent demand as exhibiting huge volume of commodities leads to more costumers and augment the trading of the goods. As some goods like vegetables, fruits, medicines deteriorate after a period of time, resulting in economical and financial losses, we took this factor into consideration and included a constant deterioration rate, controlled by suitable preservation technologies. Preservation technology investments are made for the valuable business as it helps to decrease the rate of deterioration. Our model allows shortages, and back-ordering is permissible to manage the loss that occurs due to perishable objects and shortages. The objectives are to find the optimal cycle time, preservation technology cost, and positive inventory time. The paper also proves the convexity of total cost through graphs with respect to decision variables. A sensitivity analysis of decision variables with respect to different inventory parameters is carried out.
An economic production quantity (EPQ) model for a deteriorating item with partial trade credit policy for price dependent demand under inflation and reliability
Authors: Akbar Shaikh , Cárdenas-Barrón Leopoldo , Kumar Manna , Céapedes-Mota Armando
Published: January 2021

It is well-known that the production-inventory problem for deteriorating items in the supply chain is a challenge when deciding on how many products to manufacture to obtain a maximum total profit. This research work develops an economic production quantity model for a deteriorating item under partial trade credit policy considering inflation, the effect of reliability factor of a production system, and the demand depending on the price of a product whose selling price is optimized. The production inventory model is formulated as a nonlinearly constrained optimization problem by analyzing different cases. Finally, through a numerical example, a sensitivity analysis is performed to study the effect of different parameters, changing one parameter at a time and keeping others fixed at their original values.
Peptic Ulcer Diseases
Authors: Lew Edward A
Published: January 2021

Peptic ulcers are defects or breaks in the inner lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Although the pathogenesis is multifactorial they tend to arise when there is an imbalance between protective and aggressive factors, such as when GI mucosal defense mechanisms are impaired in the presence of gastric acid and pepsin. Peptic ulcers extend through the mucosa and the muscularis mucosae, a thin layer of smooth muscle separating the mucosa from the deeper submucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa. Peptic ulcer disease affects up to 10% of men and 4% of women in Western countries at some time in their lives. 

This chapter contains 6 Tables, 5 Figures and 50 references.
Prostate Cancer
Authors: Rosenberg Jonathan E. , Kantoff Philip W
Published: January 2021

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed noncutaneous malignancy in men in the United States. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of prostate cancer, as well as risk factors, the use of digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen measurement for screening, and staging for the disease. Also reviewed are the natural history of untreated prostate cancer; the treatment of localized and advanced prostate cancer, including prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and androgen deprivation therapy; and the prevention of prostate cancer. Figures illustrate the incidence rates of prostate cancer by race, age-adjusted and/or age-specific cancer of the prostate, the risk of a diagnosis in 20 years (based on being cancer free at certain ages), the 5-year survival rate, and the overall survival in patients with early prostate cancer treated with observation or radical prostatectomy. Tables in this chapter review the clinical staging definitions and the combined-modality staging approach to prostate cancer.

This chapter contains 6 figures, 8 tables and 104 references
Keywords: Prostate cancer, digital rectal exam, PSA, prostatectomy, men's health, prostate cancer screening
Approach to Acid-Base Disorders
Authors: Adrogué Horacio J , Madias Nicolaos E
Published: January 2021

This review on the approach to acid-base disorders uses the physiologic approach to assessing acid-base status, namely that based on the H2CO3/[HCO3–] buffer pair. A simple acid-base disorder is characterized by a primary abnormality in either carbon dioxide tension (Pco2) or serum [HCO3–] accompanied by the appropriate secondary response in the other component. The four cardinal, simple acid-base disorders are categorized into respiratory disorders and metabolic disorders. Respiratory disorders are expressed as primary changes in Pco2 and include respiratory acidosis or primary hypercapnia (primary increase in Pco2) and respiratory alkalosis or primary hypocapnia (primary decrease in Pco2). Metabolic disorders are expressed as primary changes in serum [HCO3–]) and include metabolic acidosis (primary decrease in serum [HCO3–]) and metabolic alkalosis (primary increase in serum [HCO3–]). A mixed acid-base disorder denotes the simultaneous occurrence of two or more simple acid-base disorders. Arriving at an accurate acid-base diagnosis rests with assessment of the accuracy of the acid-base variables, calculation of the serum anion gap, and identification of the dominant acid-base disorder and whether a simple or mixed disorder is present. Identifying the cause of the acid-base disorder depends on a detailed history and physical examination as well as obtaining additional testing, as appropriate.  
Key words: acid-base disorders; simple disorders; mixed disorders; anion gap; physiologic approach; physicochemical approach; base-excess approach
Normal and Abnormal Menstruation
Authors: Hall Janet E.
Published: January 2021

Normal reproductive function requires precise integration of hormonal events involving the hypothalamus, the pituitary, and the ovary, with the uterus, vagina, and breast acting as key end organs for ovarian steroid effects. This chapter discusses the physiology of the reproductive system in women; the assessment of reproductive function; and the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of primary and secondary amenorrhea, abnormal vaginal bleeding—including menorrhagia, menometrorrhagia, and hypomenorrhea—and dysmenorrhea. Figures illustrate the relationship between the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovaries in reproductive function and normal menstrual cycle function; an algorithm depicts the evaluation of amenorrhea. Tables list the relative frequency of the causes of amenorrhea and the neuroanatomic causes of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. This chapter has 42 references.
Overview of Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Grant Jon E
Published: January 2021

Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders among adults in the United States. Although anxiety disorders generally result in significant psychosocial impairment, most adults do not seek treatment until many years after the onset of the anxiety disorder. The treatment literature for anxiety disorder has grown tremendously since the 1980s, and both psychotherapy and medications may prove beneficial for people with anxiety disorders. This review presents a general overview of the anxiety disorders.
This review contains 7 tables, and 33 references.
Key words: agoraphobia, anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, treatment of anxiety
Personality Disorders
Authors: Ehrlich Yosefa A. , Garakani Amir , Pavlos Stephanie R , Siever Larry
Published: January 2021

Personality can be defined as an organizational system of self that shapes the manner in which a person interacts with his or her environment. Personality traits develop in adolescence or early adulthood and are thought to be shaped by early childhood experiences and enduring throughout a lifetime. Personality traits that prevent an individual from being able to function in society or that cause significant distress are diagnosed as personality disorders. A thorough history is needed to rule out other psychiatric and medical disorders. This chapter reviews the diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, comorbidity, prevalence, etiology (including genetics and neurobiology), prognosis, and treatment of paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, borderline, antisocial, narcissistic, histrionic, avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, and dependent personality disorders. A discussion of the relevance of personality disorders to primary care practices and approaches to managing such patients is also included. Tables describe the diagnostic criteria of each personality disorder. Figures illustrate the prevalence of personality disorders in the general and psychiatric populations; schizotypal personality disorder in the community, general population, and clinical population; childhood trauma in individuals with personality disorder; and comorbid disorders in individuals with borderline personality disorder. A model of brain processing in borderline personality disorder is also featured.
This chapter contains 5 highly rendered figures, 10 tables, 230 references, and 5 MCQs.
Physicians' Role in Curbing the Worst Drug Crisis in America: Prescription Opioid Abuse
Authors: Atluri Sairam , Sudarshan Gururau
Published: January 2021

Opioids have an important role in the management of acute, cancer, and chronic pain. However, their indiscriminate use in chronic pain has led, in part, to the epidemic of prescription drug abuse, resulting in a dramatic increase in morbidity and mortality in America. Most of this abuse originates from legitimate prescriptions by physicians. Prescribing opioids to chronic pain patients while restricting them to those who abuse them is very challenging, and physicians seek appropriate and unbiased prescribing guidelines. Our review, based on analysis of the available literature, focuses on striking a balance between overprescribing and underprescribing. The core concept of this strategy relies in using screening tools to identify patients who are at high risk for opioid abuse along with diligent monitoring using prescription monitoring programs and urine drug screens, while also limiting opioid doses. Hopefully, using these principles, physicians can more confidently prescribe opioids to those who would benefit from these powerful drugs and at the same time keep opioids away from those who could potentially be harmed.
Key Words: abuse, addiction, chronic pain, dose limitation, misuse, monitoring, opioids, overdose, screening
The Patient with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: Chang Chien George C , Odonkor Charles A , Harden Robert Norman
Published: January 2021

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a multisymptom syndrome involving aberrant pathophysiology of the peripheral, autonomic, and/or central nervous systems. The central feature is severe, often debilitating pain. This is accompanied by a collection of sensory, motor, autonomic, skin, and/or bone abnormalities. A key feature is allodynia, where otherwise innocuous stimulation will cause pain and hyperalgesia. The patient will present with varying degrees of pain, allodynia, hyperalgesia, swelling, and color and temperature changes. There are often changes in motor function, such as muscle stiffness or even involuntary movements. Regional osteopenia, changes to hair and nail growth, and dystrophic cutaneous changes may occur. The Budapest criteria have been twice validated and are used to diagnose CRPS. A patient-centric clinical approach is important in the treatment of CRPS. Key domains to be addressed in the management of CRPS include rehabilitation and pain management with adjunct psychological therapy. It is important that these interventions happen concurrently within the continuum of care. With the guidance of a physician, physical therapist, occupational therapist, and neuropsychologist, rehabilitative training programs are designed to address motor, sensory, and cognitive deficits.
This review contains 2 highly rendered figures, 4 tables, and 110 references.
Key Words: Budapest criteria, complex regional pain syndrome, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, sympathetically mediated pain
Stress Fractures And The Reproductive System In The Female Athlete
Authors: Asif Irfan M , Harmon Kimberly , Shasteen Mallory
Published: January 2021

Stress fractures are more common in the female athlete. Stress fractures of the pubic ramus and femoral neck are particularly more common in females than in males. Rib stress fractures are an important injury to consider in the female rower, whereas spondylolysis is a common cause of low back pain in female athletes who hyperextend their spines. The higher incidence of stress fractures in females is mainly due to the higher prevalence of disordered eating and subsequent energy imbalance, which leads to detrimental effects on bone. This review discusses stress fractures and unique issues related to exercise and the female reproductive system.

This review contains 6 figures, 5 tables and 49 references
Key words: amenorrhea, bone mineral density, disordered eating, female athlete triad, femoral neck, pregnancy, pubic ramus, rib, spondylolysis, stress fracture
Depressive Disorders: Update on Diagnosis, Etiology, and Treatment
Authors: Bauer Isabelle E. , Teixeira Antonio L , Sanches Marsal , Soares Jair C.
Published: January 2021

This review discusses the changes in the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), and recent findings exploring the etiology of and treatment strategies for these disorders. Depressive disorders are typically characterized by depression in the absence of a lifetime history of mania or hypomania. New developments in the DSM-5 include the recognition of new types of depressive disorders, such as disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, persistent depressive disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and the addition of catatonic features as a specifier for persistent depressive disorder. These diagnostic changes have important implications for the prognosis and treatment of this condition. A thorough understanding of both the clinical phenotype and the biosignature of these conditions is essential to provide individualized, long-term, effective treatments to affected individuals. 
This review contains 6 table and 53 references
Key words: brain volumes, depressive disorders, DSM-5, hormones, inflammation, neuropeptides, somatic therapy, stress
Association of Oily and Nonoily Fish Consumption and Fish Oil Supplements With Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Large Population-Based Prospective Study
Authors: Chen Guo-Chong , Arthur Rhonda , Qin Li-Qiang , Chen Li-Hua , Mei Zhendong , Zheng Yan , Li Yang , Wang Tao , Rohan Thomas E. , Qi Qibin
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate associations of oily and nonoily fish consumption and fish oil supplements with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We included 392,287 middle-aged and older participants (55.0% women) in the UK Biobank who were free of diabetes, major cardiovascular disease, and cancer and had information on habitual intake of major food groups and use of fish oil supplements at baseline (2006–2010). Of these, 163,706 participated in one to five rounds of 24-h dietary recalls during 2009–2012.

RESULTS

During a median 10.1 years of follow-up, 7,262 incident cases of T2D were identified. Compared with participants who reported never consumption of oily fish, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of T2D were 0.84 (95% CI 0.78–0.91), 0.78 (0.72–0.85), and 0.78 (0.71–0.86) for those who reported <1 serving/week, weekly, and ≥2 servings/week of oily fish consumption, respectively (P-trend < 0.001). Consumption of nonoily fish was not associated with risk of T2D (P-trend = 0.45). Participants who reported regular fish oil use at baseline had a 9% (95% CI 4–14%) lower risk of T2D compared with nonusers. Baseline regular users of fish oil who also reported fish oil use during at least one of the 24-h dietary recalls had an 18% (8–27%) lower risk of T2D compared with constant nonusers.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that consumption of oily fish but not nonoily fish was associated with a lower risk of T2D. Use of fish oil supplements, especially constant use over time, was also associated with a lower risk of T2D.
Kulturell trygghet for den samiske pasienten i møter med helsevesenet
Authors: Nymo Randi Inger Johanne
Published: January 2021

This chapter focuses on how nurses should act towards Sámi patients in order to promote cultural safety in meetings with the healthcare system. The method applied is a secondary analysis of interviews of 12 persons, as well as participatory observations. The findings show that there still are barriers between health personnel and Sámi patients due to the historic legacy and lack of knowledge. The barriers can be linguistic challenges, different understandings of an illness’s causes and authority distance due to the notion of the Sámi as inferior human beings.
Utøvelse av ledelse i kommunale sykehjem – handlingsrommets betydning
Authors: Kassah Bente Lilljan Lind , Nordahl-Pedersen Hilde , Tingvoll1 Wivi-Ann
Published: January 2021

Leaders of municipal nursing homes face challenges when they seek to secure a balance between the quality demands of authorities and the services they provide. In this chapter, we present a qualitative study on the leadership challenges in the municipal nursing homes. The aim is to develop knowledge on leadership challenges and the managerial discretions leaders employ to address the challenges. We interviewed seven middle-level leaders in five nursing homes in three medium-sized Norwegian municipalities using semi-structured interviews. The study revealed challenges connected to temporal nursing home placements made permanent, the time-consuming nature of the search for substitute workers, and the need to improve worker attitudes towards substitute workers’ experience-based knowledge. Attitude change is necessary because different forms of knowledge have different statuses in the nursing homes. The study shows that the leaders seek to meet the challenges connected to nursing home placements by establishing teams of professionals, while they try to persuade the Specialist Health Services to take over the responsibilities for the patients in transition. To meet the substitute worker challenge, the leaders use subjective managerial discretions to develop different strategies, including establishing substitute worker bases, substitute worker lists and delegation of substitute worker search. The leaders promote attitude change by stressing the importance of the substitute workers’ experience-based knowledge in both formal and informal contexts and implementing concrete competence measures. The study indicates that leaders who use subjective managerial discretions save time that they employ to create a balance between different leadership functions. The use of managerial discretions by leaders may affect the learning and organizational changes in nursing homes.
Utøvelse av kunnskapsbasert praksis i sykehjem
Authors: Pedersen Karin Ravn , Tingvoll1 Wivi-Ann
Published: January 2021

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is one of the core skills in nursing, and it has received increased attention in official documentation and parliamentary announcements.

The objective of this chapter is to develop knowledge about how EBP can be employed in nursing homes. The chapter is based on the experiences of nursing students during their project work on health promotion and prevention in a nursing home. The data are based on 18 students’ written evaluations of their practical studies, a focus group discussion with 4 of these 18 nursing students, and individual interviews with 4 leaders conducted in 2018.

This study shows that both the leaders of the nursing homes and the students themselves acknowledge the need for occupational practice to be evidence-based.

Resistance experienced by the nursing home staff may be a barrier to the application of EBP. The students experienced the project work as an opportunity to immerse themselves in a specific and well-defined theme using EBP tools.
Å skape handlingsrom for pasientsikkerhet i sykehjem. Sykepleieres erfaringer med å delta i simulering in situ på sykehjem
Authors: Lindgren Sari , Høgbakk Mona Lahm , Evju Anne Svelstad , Gustin Lena Wiklund
Published: January 2021

Some patients in nursing homes require extra attention to enable staff to detect and manage deterioration at an early stage. Nursing skills are vital to make systematic observations and assessments of a patient’s condition. It is challenging for nurses in nursing homes to make professional decisions without being able to consult other nurses. To improve the quality and safety of health care for patients and their relatives, the focus must be on working to ensure patient safety in nursing homes. Simulation-based learning can be one way to increase reflection on patient safety and develop health professionals’ knowledge, skills and attitudes, while protecting patients from unnecessary risks. Simulation-based learning as a method in medical education offers activities that mimic a clinical environment, where students can practice procedures and decision-making and where their critical thinking can be enhanced through role-play, videos or simulators. While simulation often takes place in a simulation center, in situ simulation refers to a learning activity that takes place in participants’ everyday work environment where they actually provide patient care. In this chapter, we aim to describe nurses’ experiences of in situ simulation and their subsequent reflections on patient safety in nursing homes. Data were collected from two focus groups with 5–6 nurses per group. The transcribed material was analyzed using qualitative content analysis, and two categories were identified that described the nurses’ experiences: “to doubt oneself” and “being dependent on others”.
Muligheter og begrensninger i sykepleierens handlingsrom når sykehjemspasientens sykdomstilstand forverrer seg
Authors: Vestly Synnøve , Løvdal Linda M.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the experiences of nurses working in nursing homes when it comes to detecting changes in a patient’s condition at an early stage, so that treatment can be initiated as early as possible. How do nurses experience their sphere of action, their opportunities and their limitations to detect changes at the earliest stage possible?

Studies show that nurses experience this sphere of action as very limited. These limitations show most clearly when there is only one nurse on duty. In this situation, keeping track of all patients and their needs is particularly demanding and difficult, especially if other employees are untrained. With one exception, all informants feel that it is their responsibility if something goes wrong, and several say that it gives them a bad conscience to know that patients have suffered unnecessarily on their guard.

The informants indicate that their working lives have changed significantly after the introduction of the coordination reform.

The scope of both academic and organizational tasks has increased. The patients are sicker, which means that nurses are given more as well as more complicated and time-consuming tasks that only nurses have the competence to perform. All informants agree that this is both positive and negative. It is positive because the assignments are more varied, interesting and relevant to their specific professional competence. It is negative partly because not enough positions have been created relative to the increased workload and partly because nurses have a greater responsibility, especially when there is only one nurse on duty. This happens relatively often due to high levels of sick leave and vacant positions. Several of the informants say that a redistribution of work tasks between the various occupational groups could help to expand their sphere of action in order to give them more time to attend to their specific tasks.
CURRÍCULO DO ENSINO RELIGIOSO DA REDE MUNICIPAL DE ENSINO DE VILA VELHA – ES
Authors: Andrade Ivani Coelho , Pinto Eliane da Silva , Monteiro Alessandra de Aguiar , Pontini Alexsandro Monteiro , Barros Zulmira Luiza Menezes de
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo objetivou discutir como o currículo do Ensino Religioso vem sendo colocado na pauta da educação pública da rede municipal de ensino de Vila Velha - ES, sendo analisado a 1ª versão da Base Municipal Comum Curricular elaborado à luz do Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Nessa busca argumentou-se sobre o Ensino Religioso no Brasil, a necessidade de inserção desse componente curricular no Projeto Político Pedagógico na promoção da tolerância e na garantia da diversidade religiosa. Para isso recorreu-se à pesquisa exploratória, integrando pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a partir da pesquisa de campo. Concluiu-se que a discussão curricular, a Proposta Pedagógica e a 1ª versão da Base Municipal Comum Curricular do município pesquisado, vislumbram concepções voltadas para mediação pedagógica, relação dialógica e respeitos aos direitos humanos, tendo em vista que o Ensino Religioso na escola tem possibilitado a construção da paz e promoção da cidadania, por meio de suas unidades temáticas, objetos de conhecimento e habilidades.
ESTADO E RELIGIÃO: REFLEXÕES ACERCA DA MORAL
Authors: Carvalho Leite Eliathan
Published: January 2021

A relação entre Estado e Religião é milenar, produzindo modelos de atuação política e questões atreladas. A moral foi submetida a tal relação por séculos, até a Modernidade. Desde então, o modelo de Estado Laico é proposto e opiniões das mais diversas são cunhadas, no que diz respeito ao relacionamento entre a Religião e o Estado e suas repercussões no estabelecimento da moral de uma nação. O presente artigo tem como objetivo propor uma sucinta análise dessas questões, indicando como se dá a relação entre o Estado e a Religião e, subsequentemente, apontando a influência da Religião no estabelecimento da moral e de sua concretização política, a partir dos códigos legais.
XAMANISMO E SUAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES NO PROCESSO DE SAÚDE E DOENÇA PARA A NATUROLOGIA
Authors: Cunha Natália de Castro e
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo, compreender as contribuições dos processos de saúde e doença das convicções xamânicas, relacionadas aos princípios do curso de Naturologia. Entretanto, esta pesquisa traz ao leitor, um passeio inicial sobre quais são as múltiplas facetas do xamanismo; como são seus contextos filosóficos, culturais e simbólicos, inseridos socialmente no mundo contemporâneo. Ainda, são apresentados as concepções, crenças e mecanismos de ações do curso de Naturologia. Os estudos sobre os conceitos da saúde e doença ao longo da história foram fundamentais para construir os argumentos de discussões dos conteúdos propostos, partindo destas reflexões, também enfocam suas possíveis aproximações e distanciamentos. Verificou-se que a cosmologia xamânica procura exercer a totalidade do ser e pode influenciar positivamente no procedimento de interagência. A partir da tomada de novos estados de consciência, o enfermo pode transcender o entendimento normal e comum que este tem com base da realidade, acessando sua singularidade. Contudo, as vias de cura xamânica trabalham interagindo com o enfermo e lidam intrinsecamente com o tratamento da alma. Propõe-se que sejam feitos mais estudos nesta área tão diversa e múltipla. Os principais autores guias estudados sobre xamanismo foram: Eliade (1998), Harner (1995) e Langdon (1996). Esta pesquisa adota a metodologia de revisão bibliográfica, fonte secundária, caráter qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório.
MITO E RELIGIÃO NA TELENOVELA “A DONA DO PEDAÇO”
Authors: Da Cruz Wallace Soares , Azeredo Bárbara Ahnert
Published: January 2021

Este artigo objetiva-se analisar a telenovela “A dona do pedaço” produzida e exibida pela Rede Globo, em 2019. O objetivo é identificar os elementos simbólicos e mitológicos na narrativa, para determinar se ela pode ou não ser compreendida como um mito contemporâneo e, consequentemente, servir como base para uma experiência religiosa. Primeiro, constrói-se o referencial teórico a partir das noções de sagrado, símbolo e mito, que serão discutidas trazendo contribuições da fenomenologia da religião, bem como a psicologia analítica. Depois, é apresentada brevemente a trama da telenovela, sobretudo, aquela desenvolvida nos episódios finais, em seus principais elementos, apresentando-a no sentido de disponibilizá-la para investigação. Por fim, busca-se descrever e explicitar os elementos mitológicos identificados na telenovela. Compreende-se que a experiência religiosa não se limita àquela que se realiza sempre a partir de textos reconhecidamente sagrados por parte das religiões institucionalizadas. Mas, ela pode acontecer com qualquer narrativa que apresente elementos tipicamente religiosos.
A GRAÇA DE CRISTO RESTAURA A GRAÇA HUMANA ROMPIDA PELO PECADO ORIGINAL
Authors: Guerra Jacson Alexssandro
Published: January 2021

Trabalhar o dogma do Pecado Original é retomar as fontes da fé cristã católica. Utilizaremos duas passagens bíblicas: Gn 2, 4b-19, Rm 5,12-20 e Santo Agostinho. em sua obra a Graça I, faz um tratado da Graça e do Pecado Original para contrapor a teologia de Pelágio. Nós preferimos nos deter as duas perícopes bíblicas acima referida, pois são necessárias para compreender como ocorreu a transgressão feita pelo primeiro casal da história da criação, a saber, Adão e Eva. Eles foram seduzidos pela astúcia da serpente, assim, foram contra o único mandamento que Deus lhe havia dado; não comer do fruto da árvore que se encontra no centro do Édem, o paraíso. Porém, infringiram-no, foram expulsos do jardim do Édem e receberam duras penas de Deus, sendo a maior delas a morte. São Paulo faz um paralelo entre Jesus Cristo e Adão. Pelo primeiro homem o pecado entrou no mundo, e em Cristo, o novo Adão, o mundo foi salvo do pecado cometido por Adão. Santo Agostinho foi o grande teólogo na formulação da teologia do Pecado Original, combateu a heresia pelagianista. Pela transgressão cometida por Adão os homens se encontravam em pecado, e pela graça do novo Adão os homens serão salvos.
KELIMPAHAN BAKTERI RIZOSFER PADA SISTEM PHT-BIOINTENSIF SERTA KEMAMPUAN ANTAGONISMENYA TERHADAP Sclerotium rolfsii PADA KEDELAI
Authors: Nawangsih Abdjad Asih , . Tita Widjayanti , . Yana Anisa
Published: January 2021

Abundance of rhizospheric bacteria on the IPM-Biointensive system and their antagonistic activities toward Sclerotium rolfsii on soybean.  Abundance of beneficial microorganisms in the soil is one of the active soil indicators the success of integrated pests management (IPM) system.  Some beneficial groups of microorganisms can be used as biocontrol agents.  This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of IPM-Biointensive by integrated application of resistant varieties, rice-straw mulch, and biocontrol agents on the abundance of rizospheric bacteria of soybean, also to evaluate the suppressiveness of the bacteria to the mycelial growth of S. rolfsii in vitro.  Abundance of the bacteria was determined by isolation using serial dilution and plate-count techniques.  Suppression to the fungus was evaluated using dual culture technique.  Heat tolerant bacteria had the highest abundance (ranged 1011-1012 cfu/g soil), followed by non-fluorescence bacteria (1011 cfu/g soil), chitinolytic bacteria (106-109 cfu/g soil), and fluorescence bacteria with population range was 103-108 cfu/g soil.  Gepak kuning variety grown with application of rice-straw mulch and PGPR (V2M1P1) caused the highest abundance of rizosphere bacteria.  One of the heat tolerant bacteria, i.e. TP32, caused the highest suppression to the mycelial growth of S. rolfsii in vitro.  Based on the morphology, physiology, and biochemical properties, the isolate was identified as Bacillus sp.
ASOSIASI CENDAWAN ANTAGONIS TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM RIFAI DAN CENDAWAN MIKORIZA ARBUSKULAR UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK PANGKAL BATANG PADA KEDELAI
Authors: Latifah Latifah , Hendrival Hendrival , Mihram Mihram
Published: January 2021

Association of antagonistic fungi Trichoderma harzianum Rifai and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for controlling the stem  rot disease on soybean.  The research objective was to study effect of application Trichoderma harzianum and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in controling stem rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc on soybean.   The research conducted in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatment levels: (1) without T. harzianum, without AMF, and without S. rolfsii [negative control (C-)], (2) without T. harzianum, without AMF, and S. rolfsii [positive control (C +)], (3) T. harzianum + S. rolfsii; (4) AMF + S. rolfsii, and (5) T. harzianum + AMF + S. rolfsii.  Parameters observed were basal stem rot disease development and yield components. The results showed that the application of a mixture of T. harzianum and AMF caused a longer disease incubation period (8.29 days) and the severity of stem base rot disease was 11.67% number of pods per plant (62.53 pods), the number of seeds per plant (225.05 seeds), and the weight of seeds per plant (27.73 g) were higher than that of the application of T. harzianum and AMF separately.
The The Use of WhatsApp Group to Maintain Intercultural Friendship
Authors: Turistiati Ade Tuti
Published: January 2021

This research aims to analyze the use of WhatsApp Group (WAG) as a medium for maintaining intercultural friendship among people with different cultural backgrounds namely the alumni of The Ship for Southeast Asian and Japanese Youth Program (SSEAYP) batch â€˜89. This research used a case study approach with a qualitative research design. The data were collected through direct observation of the texts, pictures, emoticons, and videos shared in the WAG and interviews with 20 informants who are the members of the group coming from different countries. The Needs Hierarchy Theory of Maslow and the Social Exchange Theory of Thibaut and Kelley were used in this research. The findings show that the alumni of SSEAYP Batch â€™89 joined the WAG to maintain intercultural friendship among them by exchanging information about their and their familiesâ€™ conditions; expressing birthday wishes; congratulating each otherâ€™s achievements of studies or works; congratulating religious celebrations; fundraising for certain events; and coordinating reunions. To maintain their friendship, the WAG members implicitly agreed to an unwritten rule that they must respect each other, be tolerant, and be open-minded. They also agreed that topics related to politics and religion are not allowed to be posted and discussed in the group, except for greetings on religious occasions. In addition, humor that causes unnecessary laughter and pictures and videos that tend to be pornographic or demeaning to women should not be posted in the group. The discussion about football also should not be too deep to avoid fanaticism with certain teams or players which might result in division or enmity between the group members.
Detection of Obfuscated Javascript Code Based on Abstract Syntax Trees Coloring
Authors: Ponomarenko G. S. , Klyucharev P. G.
Published: January 2021

The paper deals with a problem of the obfuscated JavaScript code detection and classification based on Abstract Syntax Trees (AST) coloring. Colors of the AST vertexes and edges are assigned with regard to the types of the AST vertexes specified by the program lexical and syntax structure and the programming language standard. Research involved a few stages. First of the all, a non-obfuscated JavaScript programs dataset was collected by the public repositories evaluation. Secondly, obfuscated samples were created using eight open-source obfuscators. Classifier models were built using an algorithm of gradient boosting on the decision trees (GBDT). We built two types of the classifiers. The first one is the model that classifies the program according to the type of the obfuscator used, i.e. based on what obfuscator created the sample. The second one tries to detect samples obfuscated by the obfuscator whose samples are not observed during training. The quality of the obtained models is on par with the known published results. The feature engineering method proposed in the paper does not require a preliminary analysis of the obfuscators and obfuscating transformations. In the final part of the paper we analyze a quality of models estimated, discussing the certain statistical properties of the obfuscated and non-obfuscated samples obtained and corresponding colored ASTs. Analysis of generated samples of obfuscated programs has shown that the method proposed in the paper has some limitations. In particular, it is difficult to recognize minifiers or other obfuscating programs, which change the lexical structure to a greater extent and the syntax to a lesser extent. To improve the quality of detection of this kind of obscuring transformations, one can built combined classifiers using both the method based on the AST coloring and the additional information about lexemes and punctuation, for example, entropy of identifiers and strings, proportion of characters in upper and lower case, usage frequency of certain characters etc.
Incorrect Simulation Results in OpenModelica
Authors: Ovchinnikov V. A. , Trudonoshin V. A. , Fedoruk V. G.
Published: January 2021

An adequacy of mathematical modelling of the technical object dynamics is always a challenge, and a user can make up his mind about the modelling package using simple test schemes. The article presents the schemes that are quite common from the point of view of an inexperienced user, but have specifics in mathematical modelling. The features of the schemes are that therein failures of equilibrium equations (such as the first Kirchhoff law) and continuity (such as the second Kirchhoff law) can occur. These features can lead to incorrect results when using the OpenModelica package, while the domestic PA9 and PRADIS packages used in modelling these schemes give the correct result. The article presents two simple schemes, the simulation result of which can be a priori estimated, and provides simulation results for three packages - OpenModelica, PA9, and PRADIS.