bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The productivity of spring wheat and the content of certain groups of microorganisms in the soil depend on nanopreparations
Authors: Zinkovskaya T. S. , Rabinovich G. Yu. , Podolyan E. A.
Published: May 2024

Relevance.  An important factor in reducing the dependence of crop productivity on various limiting factors is  the  use  of  fertilizers  and  biological  products,  which  include  nano-preparations.  The  work  studied  the effect of nano-preparations on the productivity of spring wheat and individual microbiological indicators of sod-podzolic light loamy soil when regulating the water-air regime.

Methods. The  research  was  carried  out  at  the  Gubino  agro-testing  site  (Tver  region)  on  soddy-podzolic light loamy drained soil. When the humidity in the 0–50 cm layer decreased below 70% of the PPV, the water regime was regulated by irrigation. Nanopreparations fulvohumate “Ivan Ovsinsky” and n-BoGum were used by spraying spring wheat plants of the Irgina variety. Nanopreparations were studied both separately and against the background of organic fertilizer — multi-purpose compost at a dose of 10 t/ha. Determination of  individual  groups  of  microorganisms  in  the  soil  was  carried  out  using  generally  accepted  methods  in microbiology.

Results.  During  the  three-year  experiment,  a  significant  increase  (significance  of  differences  p  <  0.05) in  the  yield  of  spring  wheat  was  obtained  in  the  variants  with  nanopreparations  relative  to  the  control. Their  use  against  the  background  of  multi-purpose  compost  when  regulating  the  water-air  regime  gave the  highest  wheat  productivity  in  all  years  of  research.  The  effect  of  both  nanopreparations  was  almost the same. The yield increase from nanopreparations relative to multi-purpose compost over an average of three  years  was  18–20%  for  irrigation  and  11–13%  for  non-irrigation  options  and  amounted  to  3.58  t/ha and 2.83 t/ha respectively. When regulating the water regime, the content of ammonifying and phosphate-mobilizing microorganisms increased, associated with optimal hydration for their vital functions. This was especially  evident  during  the  dry  period,  when  irrigation  was  carried  out.  The  largest  number  of  studied microorganisms was observed in the variants of multi-purpose compost + nanopreparations and with the addition of only multi-purpose compost. At the same time, a high connection with productivity was noted.
Development of a Conductive Polypyrrole and Magnetic Ferrite Particles Decorated-Polyester Nonwoven Composite as an Electromagnetic Interference Shield Material
Authors: Beycan Burhan , Kalkan Erdoğan Meryem , Karakışla Meral , Saçak Mehmet
Published: May 2024

Electromagnetic Interference Shielding (EMI) shields have become more important because of the detrimental effects EMI has on systems, equipment, and even human health. High yields of conductive polypyrrole and magnetic (nano)particles (MPs) were consecutively placed on PET nonwoven to highlight this challenge. Surface resistance was measured to identify the influence of polymerization factors including oxidant content and MP deposition order. The MPs' magnetic properties and morphology were examined using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) and the relative shielding effectiveness (Re) and absorption (Ab) within the 30 MHz-3 GHz range were used to assess the textiles' EMI shielding properties. Accordingly, the most considerable absorption-dominant attenuation (74.7% at 2.20 GHz) and maximum EMSE value (6.60 dB) were found in the PET/PPy/Fe3O4 composite.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE MECHANISM OF FINANCIAL AND CREDIT SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Podyk Sofiia
Published: May 2024

Тhe main problems of stable development of enterprises of the real sector of the economy are related to the lack of own funds, limited state financial support and difficulty in raising capital in the securities market. The search for effective forms and methods of lending and prevention of credit risks determines the need to develop a modern mechanism of financial and credit support, which will include a set of methods, tools and levers to regulate the relations of real sector enterprises in the credit market. The main methods of this study are the systematic method, dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, method of comparison, economic and statistical methods, tabular and graphical methods, method of generalization. The article is aimed at analysing the efficiency of the mechanism of financial and credit support of agrarian enterprises and substantiating practical proposals for improving lending to agrarian enterprises and prospects for its development. The article considers the main issues of the mechanism of financial and credit support and its impact on improving the efficiency of agricultural enterprises. The efficiency of credit support for agricultural enterprises is studied, the main banking products on the market over the past year are analysed. The main problems of lending to agricultural enterprises are identified, which include insufficient availability of credit products, preference for short-term lending, complete or partial absence of financial products for agrarians from banks, relatively high risk, difficulty in determining the volume and structural components of loan collateral, lack of credit history in most small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, which ultimately limit the ability of agricultural enterprises to attract bank loans. The article provides proposals for improving the mechanism of lending to agricultural enterprises. Implementation of these proposals will help to eliminate the problems of credit provision of agricultural enterprises, namely: to increase the efficiency and transparency of the use of budget funds, to increase the volume of lending, to expand access to credit resources of agricultural enterprises, to increase the terms of lending, to reduce the fee for using loans.
ЛОГІСТИЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬТОРГОВЕЛЬНИХ ОПЕРАЦІЙ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ
Authors: Ковальова Марія
Published: May 2024

В статті проаналізовано умови логістичного забезпечення зовнішньоторговельних операцій в сучасних умовах, виокремлено чинники, що мають безпосередній вплив на формування ланцюга поставок. Обґрунтовано, що логістичне забезпечення зовнішньоторговельних операцій включає в себе планування, координацію і контроль всіх процесів, пов'язаних з переміщенням товарів від постачальника до отримувача. Визначено, що в умовах мінливого сьогодення вітчизняні підприємства мають швидко реагувати на зміни в зовнішньому середовищі, використовуючи концепцію швидкого реагування, використання якої обумовлено передусім збільшенням кількості ускладнених запитів на ринку, які важко спрогнозувати. Визначено необхідність вдосконалення транспортної інфраструктури, спрощення митних процедур, надання допомоги логістичним компаніям та забезпечення безпеки та цілісності товарів під час їх транспортування.
РОЗВИТОК БАНКІВСЬКОГО СЕКТОРУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Мороз Наталія , Червінська Оксана , Наквацький Михайло
Published: May 2024

Банківський сектор функціонує злагоджено, отримуючи значний прибуток, і його роль у економіці України зростає. Банки підійшли до кризи з великим запасом капіталу та ліквідності, є стійкими до операційних ризиків та ефективно впроваджують розроблені плани дій на випадок негативних подій. У статті проаналізовано динаміку активів банків, капіталу, коштів клієнтів, обсягів кредитування та рентабельності. Досліджено якість кредитів за видами кредитування. Банківський сектор характеризується зниженням обсягів кредитування, передусім корпоративних клієнтів. Нарощення кредитування банків можна досягти через комплексний підхід, що базується на співпраці між банками, регуляторними органами та іншими зацікавленими сторонами. НБУ провів оцінку стійкості, яка підтверджує наявність достатнього капіталу та значного запасу міцності банківської системи. Регулятор планує подальше зміцнення вимог до капіталу.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИРОБНИЦТВА ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ АНАЛОГІВ М’ЯСНОЇ СИРОВИНИ
Authors: Левченко М. В.
Published: May 2024

М’ясні продукти є вагомою частиною раціону харчування людини. М’ясна сировина характеризується поживністю, вираженими смаковими та кулінарними властивостями, повноцінним набором вітамінів та мінеральних речовин. М’ясо є дороговартісним продуктом, оскільки в його собівартість закладені витрати на утримання, забій, переробку м’ясної сировини, її транспортування, зберігання, пакування, допоміжні матеріали, тощо. Підвищений інтерес до веганства та вегетаріанства спонукає виробників шукати нові альтернативні продукти, які за складом ,смаковими і кулінарними властивостями будуть альтернативою м’яса. Аналоги м’ясних продуктів класифікуються за походженням на ті, що складаються на основі рослинної чи грибної сировини і культивоване м’ясо. В роботі наведено технології виготовлення аналогів м’ясної сировини (культивування м’яса in vitro, веганський фарш та мікопротеїн). Встановлено, що продукти з використанням аналогів м’ясної сировини за зовнішнім виглядом, смаком та консистенцією не відрізняються від звичайного м’ясного фаршу (яловичини, нежирної свинини, курятини). Аналоги м’ясної сировини є функціональними, високобілковими та економічно вигідними інгредієнтами. Розглянуто ефективність взаємодії та впливу аналогів м’ясних продуктів на організм людини. Встановлено, що вживання м’ясних продуктів на основі мікопротеїну покращує перетравлювання їжі, регулює рівень інсуліну, холестерину в крові, сприяє кращій роботі шлунково-кишкового тракту. Веганський фарш має натуральний, екологічно-безпечний, збалансований вітамінно-мінерального склад (в т.ч. вітаміни групи В, заліза, кальцію, фосфору, цинку); високий вміст білку (16–20 г білка в 100 г веганського фаршу). Культивування м’яса in vitro є безпечним, гуманним по відношенню до тварин, екологічно чистим, дозволяє контролювати вміст холестерину в кінцевому продукті. Аналоги м’ясної сировини вважаються більш здоровішими і, водночас, екзотичними продуктами харчування. За своїми якісними характеристиками альтернативні продукти не відрізняються суттєво від традиційних, виготовлених з м’ясної сировини.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЗАДАЧІ ПРО МІНІМАЛЬНЕ ОСТОВНЕ ДЕРЕВО ДЛЯ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО АНАЛІЗУ ДАНИХ
Authors: Димова Г. О.
Published: May 2024

Стаття присвячена спробі визначення кластерів за допомогою оптимізаційної задачі про мінімальне остовне дерево. Проблема задачі кластеризації полягає в групуванні подібних об’єктів у множину кластерів таким чином, щоб об’єкти всередині одного кластера були схожі між собою, а об’єкти між різними кластерами були відмінними. Одним із підходів до розв’язання цієї проблеми є використання задачі про мінімальне остовне дерево. Ідея використання задачі про мінімальне остовне дерево для кластеризації полягає в тому, щоб побудувати дерево, яке з’єднує всі об’єкти, де ваги ребер відповідають відстаням між об’єктами. Потім, за допомогою деякого методу обрізання, можна видалити певну кількість ребер, щоб розділити дерево на кластери. Для цього необхідно видалити найбільш довгі ребра, щоб розділити дерево на окремі компоненти, які відповідають кластерам. Цей підхід може бути особливо ефективним у випадках, коли необхідно мінімізувати збіги: мінімальне остовне дерево об’єднує вершини з найменшими відстанями, тобто вершини, які найбільше схожі одна на одну, будуть розташовані поруч. Це допомагає зменшити кількість збігів у кластерах та поліпшити якість кластеризації. Мінімальне остовне дерево може бути легко інтерпретоване, оскільки воно показує найближчі зв’язки між вершинами, це дозволяє зрозуміти, які групи даних схильні до групування разом. Він також може бути корисним у випадках, коли маємо справу з великими обсягами даних, оскільки алгоритми побудови мінімального остовного дерева мають низьку обчислювальну складність. Мінімальне остовне дерево дозволяє ігнорувати шум у даних, оскільки він будує з’єднання між найближчими точками, і шумові дані зазвичай будуть далеко від інших точок, а також дозволяє природним чином визначити кількість кластерів. Кількість кластерів відповідає кількості ребер у мінімальному остовному дереві після видалення найбільш довгих ребер. Однак, варто враховувати, що цей підхід може не завжди бути найкращим для всіх типів даних і вимагає уважного аналізу та налаштування параметрів для кожного конкретного випадку.
El uso de diminutivos en música cantada en español: un análisis morfopragmático
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Vizcaíno Quirarte Alexis Missael
Published: May 2024

Este estudio analiza el uso de diminutivos en 20 canciones en español desde una perspectiva morfopragmática, con el objetivo de identificar los contextos y las funciones que cumplen en la comunicación. Los resultados indican que los diminutivos se utilizan con mayor frecuencia para expresar afecto, seguido del significado peyorativo y, en menor medida, la pequeñez. Estos hallazgos contrastan con la noción semántica tradicional de que los diminutivos se utilizan principalmente para indicar la pequeñez. Además, el estudio revela que los diminutivos se utilizan de manera consistente en diferentes subgéneros del género discursivo de la canción en español. Como señala Fernández Soriano (2013), los diminutivos en la poesía infantil cumplen una función expresiva y emocional que no se encuentra en la lengua común y cotidiana. De manera similar, este estudio descriptivo encontró que los diminutivos en las canciones son utilizados principalmente para expresar afecto y cariño. En conclusión, este estudio destaca la importancia de analizar el uso morfopragmático de los diminutivos en diferentes contextos lingüísticos, y señala la necesidad de revisar y actualizar la noción semántica tradicional de este fenómeno.
Concepciones alternativas sobre el concepto de pendiente en estudiantes de nivel medio superior de una zona rural
Authors: Salgado-Beltrán Gerardo , García-García Javier
Published: May 2024

Este artículo reporta los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue identificar las concepciones alternativas sobre el concepto de pendiente en estudiantes de nivel medio superior pertenecientes a una zona rural. Se empleó una entrevista basada en tareas para la recolección de datos de 28 estudiantes de 12° grado y el método de análisis temático para su respectivo análisis. Las concepciones alternativas identificadas fueron la pendiente como: la longitud de un segmento de recta, un objeto, una ecuación lineal o algún elemento de esta, el valor del ángulo de inclinación de una recta, un concepto propio o característico de las rectas, la distancia del eje x a un punto de esta, la pendiente de una recta gráficamente representa un punto en el plano cartesiano, y el signo de la pendiente queda determinado por el signo del semi eje x donde se ubica la gráfica. Estos resultados nos invitan a reflexionar sobre futuras investigaciones para promover una mejora en el aprendizaje de la pendiente.
The Effect of Product Quality and Price On Customer Satisfaction With Service Quality As a Moderating Variable At The KFC Restaurant SPBU Selindung Pangkalpinang City
Authors: Amalia Faradeska , Wahyudin Nanang , Sumar Sumar
Published: May 2024

The business world has undergone gradual changes in this era of globalization, developments in activity and population make fast food a promising business. One of the fast food chains that has always been growing rapidly until now, one of which is KFC, which is always the most popular choice.
This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of product quality and price on customer satisfaction at the KFC Restaurant at the Selindung Gas Station, Pangkalpinang City. This study uses a quantitative descriptive analysis approach with a sample of 100 respondents. The sampling technique used purposive sampling method. The independent variables in this study are product quality and price, while the dependent variable is customer satisfaction, and the moderating variable is service quality. Methods of data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis.
Based on the results of the partial research, product quality and price have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction at the KFC Restaurant at the Selindung Gas Station, Pangkalpinang City. Based on the Moderated Regression Analysis test on model I moderation, it shows that service quality is able to moderate the effect of product quality on customer satisfaction at the KFC Restaurant at the Selindung Gas Station, Pangkalpinang City. In moderation model II, service quality is not able to moderate prices on customer satisfaction at the KFC Restaurant at the Selindung gas station, Pangkalpinang City
Application of Machine Learning to Detect Building Points in Photogrammetry-based Point Clouds
Authors: Hrutka Bence Péter
Published: May 2024

Different point cloud technologies such as Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS), Airborne Laser Scanners (ALS), Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS), and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have become increasingly more common in land surveying and geoinformatics over recent years. Thanks to these modern tools, experts can survey large areas cost-effectively with either high resolution or high accuracy. However, processing the point cloud, which consists of millions of points, can be a massive challenge. Manual processing of these large datasets can often be very time-consuming and hardware-demanding, and most of the time, only a limited part of the point cloud is used to derive the final products. The solution can be to automate the process as much as possible. Several advanced mathematical methods, especially Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, allow efficient automated processing of point clouds. This paper presents a processing chain to detect and separate building points from large-scale photogrammetry-based point clouds. The processing is based on the combination of Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms like Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). Presented methods were trained and tested on established and open available Heissigheim 3D (H3D) dataset to separate roof and vegetation points with over 90% accuracy in order to enhance the separation of building points on large-scale point clouds.
Implikasi Kurikulum Merdeka Dalam Pengembangan Pendidikan Agama Islam Pada Anak Usia Dini: Tinjauan Terhadap Peran, Tantangan, dan Peluang
Authors: Achmad Fatoni
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendalami implikasi Kurikulum Merdeka dalam pengembangan pendidikan agama Islam pada anak usia dini, dengan fokus khusus pada peran, tantangan, dan peluang yang muncul. Metode yang digunakan adalah Library Research, yaitu metode di mana peneliti mencari, mengumpulkan, dan menganalisis sumber data untuk menyusun laporan penelitian berbagai topik, termasuk pendidikan, sosial, dan kebudayaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kurikulum Merdeka memiliki implikasi yang signifikan dalam pengembangan pendidikan agama Islam pada anak usia dini. Dalam tinjauan ini, peran, tantangan, dan peluang dari Kurikulum Merdeka dalam konteks pendidikan agama Islam perlu diperhatikan. Kurikulum Merdeka memberikan ruang yang luas bagi pengintegrasian nilai-nilai agama Islam dalam setiap aspek pembelajaran anak usia dini, memungkinkan penyampaian ajaran agama Islam secara kontekstual dan relevan. Adapun tantangannya seperti kurangnya sumber daya dan pelatihan bagi guru serta pemahaman masyarakat masih menjadi hambatan dalam implementasi yang efektif. Meskipun demikian, adanya peluang seperti pengembangan metode pembelajaran inovatif, pemanfaatan teknologi informasi, dan kerjasama lintas sektor memberikan harapan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan agama Islam pada anak usia dini. Dengan langkah-langkah kebijakan yang tepat dan implementasi yang berkelanjutan, diharapkan manfaat Kurikulum Merdeka dalam pengembangan pendidikan agama Islam pada anak usia dini dapat dioptimalkan, sehingga menghasilkan generasi yang memiliki kesadaran mendalam terhadap agama dan nilai-nilai luhur.
Okul yöneticilerinin yöneticilik algısı: Metafor analizi çalışması
Authors: Çimşir Serap
Published: May 2024

Bu araştırmada amaç, okul yöneticilerinin “yöneticilik” kavramına ilişkin algılarını metaforlar aracılığı ile ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgubilim (fenomenoloji) desenine göre kurgulanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, İstanbul ilinde devlet okullarında görev yapan 53 okul yöneticisi (müdür ve müdür yardımcısı) oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veriler, katılımcı okul yöneticilerinin “Yöneticilik ….. benzer; çünkü, … ” veya “Yöneticilik …. gibidir; çünkü, …….” cümlesini tamamlamasıyla elde edilmiştir. Katılımcıların demografik özelliklerini belirlemek üzere formda farklı bir bölüme yer verilmiştir. Verilerin analiz edilmesinde ve yorumlanmasında, içerik analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Bu araştırmadan elde edilen veriler incelenerek katılımcı okul yöneticilerinin “yöneticilik” kavramına yönelik geçerli 38 metafor ürettikleri belirlenmiştir. Bu metaforlardan en dikkat çekenleri “lider”, “orkestra şefi”, ”cambaz”, “ateşten gömlek giymek” ve “çoban” olmuştur. Çalışmada okul yöneticilerinin “yöneticilik” kavramına yönelik oluşturdukları metaforların, 28’i olumlu ve 10’u olumsuz olmak üzere sıklıkla olumlu metaforlar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Katılımcı okul yöneticilerinin ürettikleri metaforlar ortak özellikleri bakımından irdelenerek “iş yükü yönüyle yöneticilik”, “liderlik yönüyle yöneticilik”, “risk yönüyle yöneticilik”, “sanat yönüyle yöneticilik”, “insanî yönüyle yöneticilik” ve “ailevî yönüyle yöneticilik” olmak üzere 6 farklı kavramsal kategori altında toplanmıştır. Araştırmada okul yöneticilerinin “Yöneticilik” kavramına ilişkin ürettikleri metaforların liderlik, yöneticiliğin riskleri ve iş yükü üzerinde yoğunlaştığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, okul yöneticilerinin okulu oluşturan sosyal unsurlarla ilişkileri ve sosyal ihtiyaçları çerçevesinde tartışılmış, uygulayıcılara ve araştırmacılara yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
Bilecik ilinde yer alan çocuk oyun parklarının niteliğinin incelenmesi
Authors: Civelek Perihan , İkiz Selin
Published: May 2024

Çalışmada Bilecik il merkezinde bulunan çocuk oyun parklarının çeşitli unsurlar açısından (fonksiyon, güvenlik, bakım, temizlik vb.) niteliğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda park sayısının ve çocuk nüfus yoğunluğunun (0-14 yaş) en fazla olduğu beş semtte (Bahçelievler Mahallesi, Ertuğrulgazi Mahallesi, İsmetpaşa Mahallesi, Hürriyet Mahallesi, Beşiktaş Mahallesi) bulunan çocuk oyun parklarının niteliği, araştırmacılar tarafından yerinde gözlem yapılarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca parkların niteliğine ilişkin daha kapsamlı veriler elde edilebilmesi amacıyla çocuklarını oyun parklarına götüren ebeveynlerle görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması modelinin kullanıldığı çalışmanın verileri 51 çocuk oyun parkı ve 34 ebeveynden elde edilmiştir. Veri toplama araçları olarak ‘Kişisel Bilgi Formu’, ‘Çocuk Oyun Alanları Tasarım Kriterleri Değerlendirme Formu’ ve ‘Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Formu’ kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın oyun parklarının fonksiyonel nitelikleri açısından elde edilen sonuçları incelendiğinde oyun parklarında yer alan oyun ekipmanlarının çocuklar için yeterli sayı ve çeşitlilikte olmadığı, parklarda daha çok geleneksel oyun araçlarının bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca incelenen çocuk oyun parklarında güvenlik, bakım ve temizlik unsurlarının yeterli düzeyde olmadığı tespit edilerek elde edilen bu sonuçlar ebeveyn görüşleriyle desteklenmiştir. Bazı salıncaklarda koruyucu kemer ve yaslanma kısımlarının olmadığı, oyun araçlarının bazılarında ise sivri uçların, kırık parçaların, paslanmaların ve bakımsızlıkların mevcut olduğu belirlenmiştir. Güvenlik açısından elde edilen diğer sonuçlara bakıldığında bazı parkların trafiğe yakın olduğu, oyun parklarının bazılarında çit-duvar vb. koruyucu alanların bulunmadığı, parkların tamamında güvenlik personellerinin ve güvenlik donanımlarının mevcut olmadığı ve çoğu parkta ışıklandırma yetersizliklerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. İlgili sonuçlar ışığında çeşitli önerilere yer verilmiştir.
Flipped Classroom in the English Literature Lesson
Authors: Sánchez-Cuervo Margarita-Esther
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a flipped classroom experience for the “English Narrative” subject. The teaching of literature usually involves a traditional approach through which the teacher delivers some theoretical content about authors, their work, and the cultural context in which they developed their literary production. As a result of this method, the class time devoted to the critical analysis of those texts may be considerably reduced due to an excess of theory. In contrast, the flipped classroom methodology allows students to prepare part of the content at home after watching an educational video or presentation provided by their teacher, and the class time is used to assess the selected texts in a more effective way. This proposal describes the procedure employed for a flipped lesson based on The Picture of Dorian Gray, by Oscar Wilde. A group of 25 Spanish students were involved. They currently take the third year of the Degree of Modern Languages at the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. The participants have learned about Wilde’s novel and his ideas about art and beauty outside the classroom. Thus the time spent in class has been mainly dedicated to the analysis and critical discussion of said novel. The evaluation was conducted through 9 open questions. The answers have shown the preference for applying the flipped methodology rather than focusing on a more conventional approach to teaching literature.
Genetically-modified, redirected T cells target hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma lesions in a clinical setting
Authors: Wan Xueshuai , Wisskirchen Karin , Jin Tao , Yang Lu , Wang Xiaorui , Wu Xiang’an , Liu Fang , Wu Yu , Ma Christy , Pang Yong , Li Qi , Zhang Ke , Protzer Ulrike , Du Shunda
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA integration in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) can be targeted by HBV-specific T cells. SCG101 is an autologous, HBV-specific T-cell product expressing a T-cell receptor (TCR) after lentiviral transduction recognizing the envelope-derived peptide (S20-28) on HLA-A2. We here validated its safety and efficacy preclinically and applied it to an HBV-related HCC patient (NCT05339321).Methods: Good Manufacturing Practice-grade manufactured cells were assessed for off-target reactivity and functionality against hepatoma cells. Subsequently, a patient with advanced HBV-HCC (Child-Pugh class A, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0, hepatitis B e antigen-, serum hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]+, HBsAg+ hepatocytes 10%) received 7.9×107 cells/kg after lymphodepletion. Safety, T-cell persistence, and antiviral and antitumor efficacy were evaluated.Results: SCG101, produced at high numbers in a closed-bag system, showed HBV-specific functionality against HBV-HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, treatment was well tolerated, and all adverse events, including transient hepatic damage, were reversible. On day 3, ALT levels increased to 1,404 U/L, and concurrently, serum HBsAg started decreasing by 3.84 log10 and remained <1 IU/mL for over six months. HBsAg-expressing hepatocytes in liver biopsies were undetectable after 73 days. The patient achieved a partial response according to modified RECIST with a >70% reduction in target lesion size. Transferred T cells expanded, developed a stem cell-like memory phenotype, and were still detectable after six months in the patient’s blood.Conclusions: SCG101 T-cell therapy showed encouraging efficacy and safety in preclinical models and in a patient with primary HBV-HCC and concomitant chronic hepatitis B with the capability to eliminate HBsAg+ cells and achieve sustained tumor control after single dosing.
TOXIC HEARTBEATS
Authors:   , Gresnigt Femke Margaretha Johanna
Published: May 2024

In this thesis, research is conducted into the risks of recreational drug use on heart and vascular conditions. Dutch physicians consider cocaine a risk factor for a heart attack, but do not change the treatment. Standard scores for risk assessment are used and the observation period remains the same. Research shows that this has proven to be safe. Patients often do not disclose their drug use to their doctor, leading to an overall patient reliability of only 57%.

Cannabis can cause heart problems such as palpitations, chest pain, and fainting, and combining it with alcohol increases the risk of rapid heartbeat and fainting. This research has demonstrated serious complications to the heart after drug use. After the use of 4-fluoroamphetamine, headaches can occur with high blood pressure, acute myocardial disease, brain hemorrhage, and a heart attack; after MDMA (ecstasy) use, acute myocardial disease, a brain hemorrhage, a heart attack, and cardiac arrest; after amphetamine use, high blood pressure, arrhythmia, and a heart attack; and after methamphetamine use, heart attacks occur. Synthetic cathinones, such as 3-MMC, can cause a heart attack, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, myocardial disease, or myocardial inflammation. Chewing on khat leaves is a proven risk factor for a heart attack. Heart attacks or arrhythmias are rarely seen after cannabis use.

In 22% to 25% of cases, young patients with a heart attack have used drugs, particularly cannabis and cocaine. Whether a heart attack after drug use is more severe remains unclear due to varying results from studies.

In conclusion, all investigated stimulant drugs, as well as cannabis, can cause serious complications to the heart and blood vessels.
Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis in Connective Tissue Disease
Authors:   , Chiu Yu-Hsiang
Published: May 2024

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a relatively common complication observed in autoimmune connective tissue disease (CTD). Diagnosis, risk stratification and management are challenging because of the heterogeneous clinical presentation and the unclear underlying pathogenetic mechanisms.
This thesis aimed to identify risk factors and biomarkers associated with progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) and mortality in CTD-ILD patients. Factors such as older age, smoking, extent of fibrosis on imaging, and poor lung function were linked to higher mortality. In our cohort primarily consisting of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients with extensive fibrosis, steroid use, elevated C-reactive protein, and PPF were also associated with mortality. Moreover, we identified risk factors for development of PPF in patients with CTD.
Furthermore, three criteria for defining PPF were compared in this thesis. Although different definitions and criteria for PPF are used in literature, we found they have similar prognostic performance. However, the performance of these criteria in predicting mortality was better in certain patient groups. Mortality risk increased in the first 3 years after PPF occurred and plateaued thereafter. So, when establishing PPF in a patient, treatment will be intensified most likely. The use of different PPF criteria may therefore impact treatment decisions. Furthermore, it limits comparison of studies that have used different criteria.
The thesis also explored serum biomarkers in CTD-ILD patients, revealing associations between decreased biomarker concentrations (CXCL11, CTGF and KL-6) and improved pulmonary outcomes. Biomarkers were influenced more by the underlying CTD than the lung progression. In primary Sjögren syndrome, we identified KL-6 as a valuable biomarker for preclinical ILD. Lastly, this thesis delved into the treatment landscape for systemic sclerosis associated ILD, considering intensive immunomodulation such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for patients with rapid progression. The potential benefits and risks of early HSCT in diffuse cutaneous SSc with ILD are being investigated in the ongoing randomized UPSIDE trial.
In the context of SSc, profibrotic mechanisms in skin biopsies were explored. Cellular senescence is a biological process, which can be seen in aging and stress condition, with stopping cell cycle and producing fibro-inflammatory molecules. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) ia another profibrotic biological process that endothelial cells transform into active myofibroblast-like condition. The abundance of fibroblast senescence was correlated with EndMT, dermal fibrosis, and inflammation, highlighting potential targets for intervention.
Overall, this thesis contributes valuable insights into the complexity of CTD-ILD, identifying risk factors, biomarkers, and potential treatment strategies for better patient outcomes.
İslâm Öncesi Câhiliye Şiirinde Din Olgusu
Authors: Tuna Sedat
Published: May 2024

Arap yarımadasında (Cezîretü'l-Arab) Hz. Muhammed (a.s.) İslâm’ı tebliğ göreviyle görevlendirilmeden ve bir tek Allah’a kulluk edilmesinin gerektiğini bildiren mesajını insanlara iletmeden önce Arap toplumu Câhiliye döneminde çeşitli dinlere inanmışlardır. Dolayısıyla onlar tek bir din anlayışına sahip olmamışlardır. İslâm öncesi dönemde Araplar arasında atalar kültü, fetiş kültü, totem kültü vb. inançlar yaygındır. Bu inançların yanı sıra bir de gizli âleme dair inançları (cin, gûl ve şeytan) vardır. Bu dinî gruplar arasında doğal olarak karşılıklı iletişim ve etkileşim olmuştur. Bu kadar farklı inanca sahip grupların bir arada bulunmasının en önemli sebepleri arasında ada halkının sürekli olarak etraflarında yaşayan halklarla iletişim halinde oldukları söylenebilir. Onlarla iletişim, çoğunlukla ticaret ve kabile göçleriyle olmuştur. Onlar, milâdî dördüncü asrın sonuna kadar çeşitli kişi ve nesnelerdeki ruhlara inanmışlardır. Onların bu inançlara sahip oldukları inşâd ettikleri şiirleri üzerinden de tespit edilebilmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışmamızda yer verdiğimiz şiirlerin büyük bir kısmını övgü türü şiirler oluşturmaktadır. Bunun yanında fahr ve yergi türü şiirlere de yer verilmektedir. Bu şiirlerden yola çıkılarak bölgede İslâm öncesi hâkim olan din olgusunu, idolizmin oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Dönemin din olgusunu da idolizm ekseninde gelişen kültler şekillendirmiştir. Çalışmamızın, alanına katkı sağlaması ve bu alanda yeni çalışmalara yol göstermesi beklenmektedir.
Note for the Beal's Conjecture
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: May 2024

This work explores two famous conjectures in number theory: Fermat's Last Theorem and Beal's Conjecture. Fermat's Last Theorem, posed by Pierre de Fermat in the 17th century, states that there are no positive integer solutions for the equation $a^{n} + b^{n} = c^{n}$, where $n$ is greater than $2$. This theorem remained unproven for centuries until Andrew Wiles published a proof in 1994. Beal's Conjecture, formulated in 1997 by Andrew Beal, generalizes Fermat's Last Theorem. It states that for positive integers $A$, $B$, $C$, $x$, $y$, and $z$, if $A^{x} + B^{y} = C^{z}$ (where $x$, $y$, and $z$ are all greater than $2$), then $A$, $B$, and $C$ must share a common prime factor. Beal's Conjecture remains unproven, and a significant prize is offered for a solution. This paper provides a concise introduction to both conjectures, highlighting their connection and the ongoing challenge that a short proof for the Beal's Conjecture presents to mathematicians.
Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) Sensitivity; A Five Year Audit
Authors: Cole Eddie , Narayanan Deepa , Tiam Ree Nee , Shepherd John , Hajjawi Mark O. R.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Colorectal cancer has a high prevalence and mortality rate in the United Kingdom. Cancerous colorectal lesions often bleed into the gastrointestinal lumen. The faecal immunochemical test (FIT) detects haemoglobin (Hb) in the faeces of patients and is used as a first line test in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective audit of all FIT performed and all colorectal cancers diagnosed in the Hull and East Riding of Yorkshire counties of the United Kingdom (population approximately 609,300) between 2018 and 2022 was conducted. FIT were performed using a HM-JACKarc analyser from Kyowa medical. The predominant symptom suggestive of colorectal cancer which prompted the FIT was recorded. Colorectal cancer was diagnosed using the gold standard of histological biopsy following colonoscopy.

Results: Between 2018 and 2022, 56,202 FIT were performed on symptomatic patients. Follow on testing identified 1,511 with colorectal cancer. Of these people, only 450 people with a confirmed colorectal cancer had a FIT within the 12 months preceding their diagnosis. Of these 450 FIT results, 36 had a concentration of <10 μg/g and may be considered to be a false negative. The sensitivity of FIT in the patients identified was 92.00%. The most common reason stated by the clinician for a FIT being performed in patients with colorectal cancer was a change in bowel habits, followed by iron deficient anaemia. The number of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer decreased in 2020, but increased significantly in 2021.

Discussion: This study shows that 8.00% of people diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the Hull and East Riding of Yorkshire regions had a negative FIT. This study also shows that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affected the number of people diagnosed with colorectal cancer, and therefore skews the prevalence and pre-test probability of a positive test. There are many reasons why a FIT could produce a false negative result, the most likely being biological factors affecting the stability of haemoglobin within the gastrointestinal tract, or pre-analytical factors influencing faecal sampling preventing the detection of haemoglobin. Some colorectal lesions do not protrude into the gastrointestinal lumen and are less likely to bleed.

Conclusion: This is the first study showing data from outside of a structured clinical trial and provides the largest study to date showing the sensitivity of FIT in a routine clinical setting. This study also provides evidence for the impact COVID-19 had on the rate of colorectal cancer diagnosis.
Artificial intelligence and neoantigens: paving the path for precision cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Bulashevska Alla , Nacsa Zsófia , Lang Franziska , Braun Markus , Machyna Martin , Diken Mustafa , Childs Liam , König Renate
Published: May 2024

Cancer immunotherapy has witnessed rapid advancement in recent years, with a particular focus on neoantigens as promising targets for personalized treatments. The convergence of immunogenomics, bioinformatics, and artificial intelligence (AI) has propelled the development of innovative neoantigen discovery tools and pipelines. These tools have revolutionized our ability to identify tumor-specific antigens, providing the foundation for precision cancer immunotherapy. AI-driven algorithms can process extensive amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions that were once challenging to achieve. However, the integration of AI comes with its own set of challenges, leaving space for further research. With particular focus on the computational approaches, in this article we have explored the current landscape of neoantigen prediction, the fundamental concepts behind, the challenges and their potential solutions providing a comprehensive overview of this rapidly evolving field.
TUFM in health and disease: exploring its multifaceted roles
Authors: Liu Ning , Pang Bo , Kang Longfei , Li Dongyun , Jiang Xia , Zhou Chuan-min
Published: May 2024

The nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein Tu translation elongation factor, mitochondrial (TUFM) is well-known for its role in mitochondrial protein translation. Originally discovered in yeast, TUFM demonstrates significant evolutionary conservation from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Dysregulation of TUFM has been associated with mitochondrial disorders. Although early hypothesis suggests that TUFM is localized within mitochondria, recent studies identify its presence in the cytoplasm, with this subcellular distribution being linked to distinct functions of TUFM. Significantly, in addition to its established function in mitochondrial protein quality control, recent research indicates a broader involvement of TUFM in the regulation of programmed cell death processes (e.g., autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis) and its diverse roles in viral infection, cancer, and other disease conditions. This review seeks to offer a current summary of TUFM’s biological functions and its complex regulatory mechanisms in human health and disease. Insight into these intricate pathways controlled by TUFM may lead to the potential development of targeted therapies for a range of human diseases.
Synergistic impact of Serendipita indica and Zhihengliuella sp. ISTPL4 on the mitigation of arsenic stress in rice
Authors: Sharma Neha , Yadav Gaurav , Tyagi Jaagriti , Kumar Ajay , Koul Monika , Joshi Naveen Chandra , Hashem Abeer , Abd_Allah Elsayed Fathi , Mishra Arti
Published: May 2024

Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic metal that interferes with plant growth and disrupts various biochemical and molecular processes in plants. In this study, the harmful effects of As on rice were mitigated using combined inoculation of a root endophyte Serendipita indica and an actinobacterium Zhihengliuella sp. ISTPL4. A randomized experiment was conducted, in which rice plants were grown under controlled conditions and As-stressed conditions. The control and treatment groups consisted of untreated and non-stressed plants (C1), treated and non-stressed plants (C2), stressed and untreated plants (T1), and stressed and treated plants (T2). Various phenotypic characteristics such as shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot fresh weight (SFW), root fresh weight (RFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), and root dry weight (RDW) and biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll content, protein content, and antioxidant enzymatic activities were evaluated. The activity of various antioxidant enzymes was increased in T2 followed by T1 plants. Furthermore, high concentrations of phytohormones such as ethylene (ET), gibberellic acid (GA), and cytokinin (CK) were found at 4.11 μmol mg−1, 2.53 μmol mg−1, and 3.62 μmol mg−1 of FW of plant, respectively. The results of AAS indicated an increased As accumulation in roots of T2 plants (131.5 mg kg−1) than in roots of T1 plants (120 mg kg−1). It showed that there was an increased As accumulation and sequestration in roots of microbial-treated plants (T2) than in uninoculated plants (T1). Our data suggest that this microbial combination can be used to reduce the toxic effects of As in plants by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, PAL, PPO and POD. Furthermore, rice plants can withstand As stress owing to the active synthesis of phytohormones in the presence of microbial combinations.
State-of-the-art cytometry in the search of novel biomarkers in digestive cancers
Authors: G. de Castro Carolina , G. del Hierro Alejandro , H-Vázquez Juan , Cuesta-Sancho Sara , Bernardo David
Published: May 2024

Despite that colorectal and liver cancer are among the most prevalent tumours in the world, the identification of non-invasive biomarkers to aid on their diagnose and subsequent prognosis is a current unmet need that would diminish both their incidence and mortality rates. In this context, conventional flow cytometry has been widely used in the screening of biomarkers with clinical utility in other malignant processes like leukaemia or lymphoma. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on how advanced cytometry panels covering over 40 parameters can be applied on the study of the immune system from patients with colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma and how that can be used on the search of novel biomarkers to aid or diagnose, prognosis, and even predict clinical response to different treatments. In addition, these multiparametric and unbiased approaches can also provide novel insights into the specific immunopathogenic mechanisms governing these malignant diseases, hence potentially unravelling novel targets to perform immunotherapy or identify novel mechanisms, rendering the development of novel treatments. As a consequence, computational cytometry approaches are an emerging methodology for the early detection and predicting therapies for gastrointestinal cancers.
Ultrafast light-induced magnetization in non-magnetic films: from orbital and spin Hall phenomena to the inverse Faraday effect
Authors: Hamamera Hanan , Souza Mendes Guimarães Filipe , dos Santos Dias Manuel , Lounis Samir
Published: May 2024

The field of orbitronics has emerged with great potential to impact information technology by enabling environmentally friendly electronic devices. The main electronic degree of freedom at play is the orbital angular momentum, which can give rise to a myriad of phenomena such as the orbital Hall effect (OHE), torques and orbital magnetoelectric effects. Here, we explore via realistic time-dependent electronic structure simulations the magnetic response of a non-magnetic material, an ultrathin Pt film, to ultrafast laser pulses of different polarizatons and helicities. We demonstrate the generation of significant orbital and spin magnetizations and identify the underlying mechanisms consisting of the interplay of the OHE, inverse Faraday effect and spin-orbit interaction. Our discoveries advocate for the prospect of encoding magnetic information using light in materials that are not inherently magnetic.
A Reliable and Efficient I-f Startup Method of Sensorless Ultra-High-Speed SPMSM for Fuel Cell Air Compressors
Authors: Xing Jilei , Xu Yao , Zhang Junzhi , Li Yongshen , Jiang Xiongwei
Published: May 2024

Extended back electromotive force (EEMF)-based position sensorless field-oriented control (FOC) is widely utilized for ultra-high-speed surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (UHS-SPMSMs) driven fuel cell air compressors in medium-high speed applications. Unfortunately, the estimated position is imprecise due to too small EEMF under low speed operation. Hence, current-to-frequency (I-f) control is more suitable for startup. Conventional I-f methods rarely achieve the tradeoff between startup acceleration and load capacity, and the transition to sensorless FOC is mostly realized in the constant-speed stage, which is unacceptable for UHS-SPMSM considering the critical requirement of startup time. In this article, a new closed-loop I-f control approach is proposed to achieve fast and efficient startup. The frequency of reference current vector is corrected automatically based on the active power and the real-time motor torque, which contributes to damping effect for startup reliability. Moreover, an amplitude compensator of reference current vector is designed based on the reactive power, ensuring the maximum torque per ampere operation and higher efficiency. Furthermore, the speed PI controller is enhanced by variable bandwidth design for smoother sensorless transition. These theoretical advantages are validated through experiments with a 550 V, 35 kW UHS-SPMSM. The experimental results demonstrated the enhanced startup performance compared with conventional I-f control.