bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Twenty Years of the European Charter of Local Self-Government in Slovenia
Authors: Rakar Iztok
Published: April 2019

In the approximately two and a half decades since 1990, Slovenia has undergone a series of unprecedented historical events and has often been characterised as a success story. In the field of local self-government, major legal changes occurred several years before the ratification of the ECLSG. Nevertheless, these changes were already in line with this document. The paper focuses on the assessment of the development of Slovenian local self-government in the light of ECLSG’s provisions on subsidiarity and financial autonomy. As to the first, it may be concluded that, according to internationally established quantitative indicators of decentralisation, Slovenia belongs to the group of centralised states. The share of local (subnational) expenditure as a share of total public expenditure is at around 20%, while the share of local (subnational) expenditure as a share of GDP accounts for approximately 10%. General government employment as a percentage of total employment is at around 17%, of which only 24% are local employees. As to the second, the Slovenian Constitution goes beyond the requirements of the ECLSG on financial resources; however, the legislative implementation of these provisions has always been problematic. In general, the autonomy of municipalities on the expenditure side is much better than on the revenue side. Given the situation of public finances in Slovenia and global development trends, with the increasing complexity of local governance, major shifts in the municipal finance model cannot be expected, especially not in the direction of providing significantly higher financial autonomy or a significantly higher volume of own tax resources. However, it is important to upgrade the system towards the redistribution of existing tax resources between the state and local units by strengthening the elements of the tax autonomy of municipalities. Based on all of the above, it may be concluded that Slovenia is having difficulty with the implementation of both the principle of subsidiarity and principle of financial autonomy. A look behind the curtain therefore relativises the “success story” label.
Experimental investigation of gas/slag/matte/tridymite equilibria in the Cu–Fe–O–S–Si system in controlled gas atmosphere at T = 1 200 °C and P(SO2) = 0.1 atm
Authors: Fallah-Mehrjardi Ata , Hidayat Taufiq , Hayes Peter C. , Jak Evgueni
Published: April 2019

The effects of partial pressure of sulphur dioxide on the gas/slag/matte/tridymite equilibria in the Cu–Fe–O–S–Si system at 1 200 °C have been experimentally investigated and compared with the previous studies at various P(SO2). The experimental procedure includes equilibration of the sample and silica substrate at high temperature for the designated time, rapid quenching to preserve the equilibrium phases, followed by measuring the composition of the condensed phases with electron probe X-ray microanalysis. A set of graphs were constructed to present the compositions of slag and matte as a function of copper concentration in matte. The present study confirmed that the chemically dissolved copper and sulphur for the given Cu in matte are independent of the partial pressure of SO2. However, the experimentally measured liquidus (Fe/SiO2) are different for various P(SO2). The new data provide an important, accurate and reliable quantitative foundation for improvement of the thermodynamic databases for the chemical systems containing copper matte and slag. The present study is a part of a broader overall research program on the characterisation of the multi component (Cu–Fe–O–S–Si–Al–Ca–Mg), multi-phase (gas/slag/matte/metal/solids) systems with minor elements.
SUSTAINABILITY OF DEVELOPMENT OF MERCHANT SHIPPING OF UKRAINE IN TERMS OF DIVERSIFICATION OF MARITIME TRADE MARKET
Authors: ROZVADOVSKA O.V.
Published: April 2019

Topicality. Shipping is a global industry, and its prospects are closely linked to the level of economic activity in the world. A higher level of economic growth usually leads to higher output of industrial goods, which in turn stimulates imports and exports. In the conditions of globalization of economic relations, the complicated dynamics of the potential and results of the maritime trade market is formed. In this case, quantitative, qualitative and structural changes both in the industrial infrastructure as a whole, and within the separate subsystems are allocated. The dynamism of this process is becoming the most important factor in the development of maritime transport potential. Therefore, the article deals with the fundamental features of the required response to the set of changes in the global shipping industry.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to clarify the basic laws that determine the competitive directions of the development of commercial shipping in Ukraine in the context of the globalization of international relations, as well as to determine the prospects for the development of the maritime transport subsystem of Ukraine. It is important to identify rigid tendencies and new patterns of balanced and integrated development of the world transport industry and its regional, national and specialized subsystems.Research results. Strengthening and intensification of international integration processes puts a number of issues and problems before the Ukrainian economy. The presented article summarizes and substantiates the actual and important problem of the development of Ukraine's merchant fleet in the conditions of globalization of international relations, proposes a strategy for the formation of production potential for the competitive positioning of the marine transport complex of Ukraine, as well as scientific and practical recommendations for their implementation in the modern conditions of the country's economy.Conclusions. The modern structure of the world market of maritime transport services can be represented as a dynamically developed network of local markets, which intersect and / or do not overlap, whose boundaries form one or another segment of the market. Increasing the role of maritime enterprises in the system of maintaining the efficiency of the international division of labor leads to the emphasis on the national subsystems on the priority development of the fleet and ports. Solving the two-fold task - meeting the needs of the national economy and expanding the export of transport services forms, in the conditions of the availability of investment resources, the direction of development of enterprises of maritime transport. At the same time, the functions of the merchant fleet and ports are expanding and strategies for maintaining competitiveness within the active part of the company's life cycle are implemented, taking into account the uneven economic growth.
Conception d’un programme d’enseignement par simulation dans le DES de médecine d’urgence selon la méthode du modèle logique
Authors: Houzé-Cerfon C.-H. , Lauque D. , Wiel E. , Bounes V. , Charpentier S.
Published: April 2019

Dans le cadre de la création du diplôme d’études spécialisées de médecine d’urgence (DESMU), l’intégration d’un programme national de simulation est difficile à promouvoir face à la grande variabilité des ressources de chaque université. Nous proposons une méthodologie de conception et de mise en oeuvre d’un programme de formation par simulation (PFS) fondée sur les spécificités de chaque université et intégrant une démarche évaluative selon une approche par compétences. La méthode du modèle logique a été utilisée pour définir les objectifs en lien avec le contexte de formation, préciser les ressources disponibles puis décrire le processus de mise en oeuvre et d’évaluation d’un PFS intégré au DESMU de l’université de Toulouse. La méthode du modèle logique a permis la conception d’un PFS à partir de six étapes successives : 1) l’objectif qui tient compte du contexte ; 2) les ressources ; 3) les activités ; 4) les groupes visés par le programme ; 5) les produits issus des activités ; 6) les résultats à court, moyen et long termes. Il a permis d’intégrer la simulation dans le cursus de formation des DESMU selon une approche réaliste et adaptée aux ressources locales avec un processus d’évaluation cohérent (satisfaction, mobilisation des compétences en situation de soins et impact sur l’organisation des soins). Dans le cadre d’une approche par compétences dans le cursus des DESMU, le modèle logique a mené à la conception, à la mise en oeuvre et à l’évaluation d’un PFS cohérent avec comme défi de rester dynamique afin d’intégrer l’évolution des variables pendant la période du projet.
Analisis Daya Dukung Pondasi Bored Pile pada Proyek Pembangunan Menara Listrik Transmisi 500 KV Peranap-Perawang
Authors: Chandra Andre , Yanti Gusneli , Wahyuni Megasari Shanti
Published: April 2019

Pondasi bored pile berinteraksi dengan tanah untuk menghasilkan daya dukung yang mampu memikul dan memberikan keamanan pada struktur atas, dimana terjadi perubahan jenis pondasi dalam proyek pembangunan menara transmisi 500 kV. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui daya dukung pondasi bored pile menara transmisi 500 kV. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Aoki dan de Alencar, metode Schmertmann dan Nottingham, metode Meyerhoff, dan metode Guy Sangrelatt. Selanjutnya, dikarenakan bored pile-nya adalah kelompok tiang, maka digunakan pula dua jenis metode efisiensi kelompok tiang, yaitu metode Converse-Labarre dan metode Los Angeles Group. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh bahwa untuk pondasi bored pile dengan jumlah 16 tiang, kedalaman 6 meter dan diameter tiang sebesar 40 cm, diperoleh nilai daya dukung pondasi ultimit bored pile yang paling minimum adalah sebesar 1487,845 kN untuk menahan beban compression terfaktor  menara sebesar 644,072 kN kondisi normal. Sementara untuk daya dukung ijin tarik pondasi bored pile, diperoleh nilai sebesar 240,562 kN, tidak mencukupi untuk menahan beban uplift terfaktor menara sebesar 479,497 kN. Untuk mengatasinya, maka diperlukan penambahan jumlah tiang menjadi 25 buah dan menambah kedalaman menjadi 7,6 meter, sehingga diperoleh nilai daya dukung ijin tarik  sebesar 490,399 kN, yang dapat menambah daya dukung pondasi bored pile.
Evaluasi Setting Rele Proteksi Untuk Mengurangi Busur Api Pada Switchgear Di Bekasap Area PT. Chevron Pacific Indonesia
Authors: Mahendra Doni , Arlenny Arlenny , Situmeang Usaha
Published: April 2019

Sistem proteksi tenaga listrik harus mampu bekerja sesuai dengan tujuan serta fungsi yang ditentukan terhadap jenis gangguan yang terjadi. Salah satu gangguan yang terjadi adalah arus hubung singkat (short circuit) yang diikuti pelepasan energi panas dalam bentuk busur (arc flash) yang dapat merusak peralatan.

Besar energi busur api yang dihasilkan tergantung dari waktu kerja sistem pengaman akibat gangguan arus hubung singkat. Semakin cepat rele pengaman bekerja, maka semakin kecil pula busur api yang dihasilkan dan begitu pula sebaliknya.

Evaluasi setting rele proteksi di switchgear adalah mengubah setting time dial pada OCR primary dan OCR secondary. Untuk OCR primary nilai setting time dial sebelum nya 2,6 s menjadi 1,08 s sedangkan untuk OCR secondary dengan time dial 2,4 s menjadi 1,02 s.

Perubahan setting pada OCR ini dihasilkan waktu kerja rele proteksi yang lebih cepat yaitu sebesar 0.208 s. Dengan waktu kerja proteksi yang semakin cepat, nilai energi panas yang di hasilkan juga lebih kecil. Energi insiden yang di hasilkan adalah 2,59 cal/cm2 menjadi 1.48 cal/cm2.
Pengaruh Variasi Penambahan Bahan Aditif Consol SG Terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton
Authors: Fauzia Ira , Yanti Gusneli , Wahyuni Megasari Shanti
Published: April 2019

Beton yang telah diaduk dengan waktu yang berlebihan dilokasi dan dibawa dengan mobil ready mix terkadang membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama dalam pembongkaran sehingga akan membuat mutu beton berkurang. Maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi penambahan bahan aditif Consol SG terhadap kuat tekan beton. Consol SG berfungsi untuk mengurangi jumlah air dan memperlambat proses pengeringan. Benda uji yang digunakan berbentuk silinder ukuran 15 cm x 30 cm. Pada penelitian digunakan variasi penambahan Consol SG sebanyak 0%, 0,10%, 0,30%, 0,50%, 0,80%, 1,00%, dan 1,20%. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan dengan dan tanpa penambahan Consol SG, maka diperoleh hasil pengujian kuat tekan beton pada seluruh benda uji lebih tinggi dari pada kuat tekan beton rencana yaitu K-225. Nilai kuat tekan rata-rata paling tinggi diperoleh pada persentase penambahan Consol SG 1,00%, yaitu 361,37 Kg/cm2. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis statistik dan analisis regresi. Berdasarkan pengujian ANAVA didapatkan Fhitung= 6,1267 dimana lebih besar dari F0,05= 2,85 dan F0,01= 4,46 ini memperjelas bahwa terdapat interaksi atau perlakuan sangat nyata antara kuat tekan beton dengan penambahan bahan aditif Consol SG. Model regresi yang dihasilkan berbentuk regresi polinomial derajat 2 persamaannya adalah y= -116,27x2 + 202,44x + 244 dengan nilai R2= 0,5663.
Analisis Derajat Kejenuhan dan Tingkat Pelayanan Jalan Sudirman Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Khairulnas  , Trisep Haris Virgo , Winayati
Published: April 2019

Jalan Sudirman Kota Pekanbaru adalah salah satu jalan yang mengalami aktifitas masyarakat yang disebabkan oleh adanya dua Mall dan padat pemukiman masyarakat. Terutama dalam hal urusan pemerintahan, pendidikan maupun ekonomi. Volume kendaraan yang melintasi jalan ini cukup padat sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya kemacetan berbagai jenis kendaraan yang melewati jalan ini mulai dari, sepeda motor, kendaraan ringan, dan kendaraan berat serta hambatan samping disepanjang jalan ini turut menyebabkan kepadatan arus lalu lintas terutama pada jam puncak, sehingga tingkat pelayanan jalan Sudirman Kota Pekanbaru tidak sebanding lagi melayani volume lalu lintas yang ada. Adapun rumusan dan tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menghitung tingkat pelayanan jalan Sudirman Kota Pekanbaru saat ini. Jalan Sudirman Kota Pekanbaru merupakan tipe jalan dua  lajur satu arah (2/1 UD). Dengan melakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui kondisi tingkat pelayanan jalan Sudirman pada saat ini. Analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini sesuai dengan analisis yang ada pada Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI) 1997. Sebelum melakukan analisis terlebih dahulu dilakukan survei lapangan dengan mengambil data diantaranya data geometri jalan, data lalu lintas, hambatan samping,dan kecepatan. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan, didapat DS sebesar 0,989, Kecepatan arus bebas sebesar 52,8 km/jam dan Kapasitas jalan sebesar 5.742, smp/jam perjalur. Maka tingkat pelayanan jalan Sudirman Kota Pekanbaru termasuk tingkat pelayanan dengan karakteristik kondisi lalu lintas mencapai 1700 smp/jam, satu arah kecepatan lalu lintas berkisar 60 km/jam.
Optimalisasi Jumlah Bus Trans Metro Pekanbaru Trayek Pandau - Pelita Pantai
Authors: Kurniawan Teguh , Winayati  , Lubis Fadrizal
Published: April 2019

Pekanbaru termasuk kategori pertumbuhan penduduknya tertinggi di  Provinsi Riau, menurut Dinas Kependudukan Dan Catatan Sipil Kota Pekanbaru tahun 2015 penduduk Pekanbaru mengalami pertumbuhan sebesar 7,43% Pertahun. Trayek pandau-pelita pantai merupakan trayek yang paling diminati oleh masyarakat Kota Pekanbaru, berdasarkan data yang didapat dari Dinas Perhubungan Kota Pekanbaru tahun 2017 jumlah penumpang pada trayek pandau-pelita pantai rata –rata 289 orang perhari perkendaraan, atau load faktor nya hanya 52,26%  sedangkan load faktor yang ditetapkan oleh Surat Keputusan Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Darat No. 687 tahun 2002 minimal 70 % Bus Trans Metro Pekanbaru (TMP) merupakan usaha Pemerintah untuk mengakomodasi meningkatnya jumlah tata guna lahan dan pergerakan penumpang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada trayek Pandau- Pelita Pantai  dengan panjang lintasa 14,9 Km dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah bus yang optimal pada trayek Pandau- Pelita Pantai. Analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini mengacu Keputusan Direktur Jendral Perhubungan Darat 2002. Sebelum melakukan analisis terlebih dahulu dilakukan survei lapangan untuk mengambil data jumlah penumpang perjam, jarak dari Pandau ke Pelita Pantai dan waktu perjalanan dari Pandau ke Pelita Pantai. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan didapat jumlah bus yang optimal pada trayek Pandau- Pelita Pantai 11 unit dengan waktu tunggu 10 menit, dan biaya operasional kendaraan (BOK) Rp. 66.023 /km, Rp. 13.774.535 /hari, Rp. 413.236.062 /bulan, Rp. 4.958.832.752 /tahun.
Analisis Areal Parkir pada SMK Negeri 5 Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Mukhardi  , Trisep Haris Virgo , Lubis Fadrizal
Published: April 2019

SMK Negeri 5 Pekanbaru merupakan salah satu pusat kegiatan dalam bidang pelayanan jasa untuk mengurus pendidikan di kawasan Kecamatan Rumbai Kota Pekanbaru Provinsi Riau. Salah satu masalah dari SMK Negeri 5 Pekanbaru ini adalah kebutuhan ruang parkir kendaraan untuk siswa. Meskipun sekolah ini memiliki lahan bebas yang memadai, tetapi pada kenyataannya masih banyak kendaraan siswa yang parkir disembarang tempat yang mengakibatkan menumpuknya kendaraan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah lahan bebas yang ada di SMK Negeri 5 Pekanbaru mampu menampung seluruh kendaraan siswa. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan survei pada lokasi yang bersangkutan dan dari data yang ada pada pihak pengelola. Kemudian dilakukan analisa karakteristik parkir berupa: Volume parkir, akumulasi parkir, angka pergantian parkir dan indeks parkir. Hasil perhitungan yang di dapatkan volume parkir untuk kendaraan motor pada hari senin tanggal 12 maret 2018 sebanyak 523 kendaraan, untuk hari selasa tanggal 13 maret 2018 sebanyak 527 kendaraan, untuk hari rabu tanggal 14 maret 2018 sebanyak 530 kendaraan, untuk hari kamis tanggal 15 maret 2018 sebanyak 523 kendaran dan di hari jumat tanggal 16 maret 2018 sebanyak 526 kendaraan. Akumulasi motor terbesar terjadi pada hari rabu tanggal 14 maret 2018 sebanyak 530 kendaraan pada pukul 07.15 WIB – 16.15 WIB. Dalam menyelesaikan masalah ini maka direncanakan kebutuhan parkir sebanyak 530 SRP di karenakan angka tertinggi volume kendaraan terjadi pada hari rabu tanggal 14 maret 2018 sebanyak 530 kendaraan, sedangkan angka pergantian parkir yaitu 1 kendaraan/SRP/waktu pengamatan. Indeks parkir terbesar yang terjadi adalah 100%. Luas areal bebas yang tersedia 936 m2. Luas areal parkir yang dibutuhkan 795 m2. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa luas areal bebas yang tersedia sudah dapat memenuhi kebutuhan areal parkir kendaraan siswa.
Analisis Kelengkapan Utilitas Halte Transmetro Pekanbaru Jalan Pasir Putih dan Jalan Pandau Permai
Authors: Harefa Wilsen , Trisep Haris Virgo , Winayati
Published: April 2019

Trans Metro Pekanbaru sebagai transportasi umum massal yang menggunakan bus sebagai transportasi pilihan bagi masyarakat Pekanbaru, pembangunan halte sebagai tempat pemberhentian untuk menurunkan dan menaikkan penumpang yang di lengkapi dengan bangunan. Dalam Pembangunan halte di  Jalan Pandau Permai dan Jalan Pasir Putih, calon penumpang Trans Metro Pekanbaru  mengeluhkan akan kondisi bangunan halte. Saat pemberhentian bus di halte sering mengakibatkan kemacetan, bus berhenti pada ruas jalan disebabkan halte tidak memiliki ruang khusus untuk berhenti. Pemilihan lokasi halte maupun fasiltas-fasilitas halte yang di butuhkan  sangat perlu dalam pembangunan halte, dalam pembangunan kebutuhan halte telah di atur oleh direktur jenderal perhubungan darat sesuai dengan Surat Keputusan Nomor: 271/HK.105/DRJD/96 “Pedoman Teknis  Perekayasaan Tempat Perhentian Kendaraan Penumpang Umum”. Oleh sebab itu di lakukanya analisi kelengkapan utilitas halte di jalan pandau permai dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif sebagai pedoman dalam penilitian ini. Dari 11 halte yang telah di analisis nilai persentasi tertinggi  kelengkapan yang sudah ada sebesar 36,36 % dan nilai terendah 9,09 %  dari hasil persentase penilaian kelengkapan  berada pada kondisi kurang lengkap. Masih banyak kekurangan fasilitas-fasilitas yang harus di lengkapi dalam pembangunan halte, agar dapat merasakan kenyamanan dalam menggunakan halte dan dapat menjadi sarana transportasi umum untuk mengurangi pertumbuhan penggunaan kendaraan pribadi.
Pengaruh Variasi Campuran Gula Pasir terhadap Kuat Tekan Mortar Semen
Authors: Alfazar Yudira , Yanti Gusneli , Wahyuni Megasari Shanti
Published: April 2019

Mortar semen digunakan sebagai bahan pengisi dalam pekerjaan konstruksi. Namun permasalahan di lapangan mortar semen cepat mengeras akibat proses hidrasi sehingga pekerjaannya menjadi lebih sulit sehingga mempengaruhi kualitas yaitu kuat tekannya. Untuk itu digunakan bahan tambah sebagai penunda waktu ikat awal semen agar memudahkan pekerjaannya namun tidak mengurangi kualitas mortar semen. Bahan tambah yang mampu menunda waktu ikat awal semen adalah gula. sehingga dilakukan penelitian adanya pengaruh variasi campuran gula pasir terhadap kuat tekan mortar semen. Penelitian ini menggunakan gula merek Value plus, Berlian jaya, Gulaku, dan Lokal dengan penambahan 0%, 0,05%, 0,1%, 0,15% 0,2% dari berat semen. Pembuatan benda uji sesuai dengan job mix menggunakan perbandingan campuran 1:5 (semen : pasir) dan FAS 0,5. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian bahwa nilai kuat tekan yang tertinggi pada merek gulaku sebesar 16,35 MPa pada campuran 0,15% nilai kuat tekan terendah pada gula merek Lokal sebesar 13,20 MPa pada campuran 0,2%.  Hasil analisis statistik didapatkan FHitung gula Merek Value plus = 40,7, Berlian jaya = 25,28, Gulaku = 16,37, dan Lokal = 15. Sedangkan Ftabel  untuk F0,05 = 3,48 dan F0,01 = 6,55. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh Fhitung  > Ftabel  sehingga didapat kesimpulan bahwa penambahan gula pasir berpengaruh terhadap kuat tekan mortar semen.
Perencanaan Galeri Tenun Ulos Di Pekanbaru Dengan Pendekatan Arsitektur Analogi Ekspresionis
Authors: WIDARTI ULI , Imbardi Imbardi , Hermawan Benny
Published: April 2019

Ulos merupakan kain khas dari Sumatera Utara, kain ini berbentuk selendang. Ulos merupakan symbol restu dan kasih sayang dan persatuan nenek moyang Suku Batak adalah manusia gunung hal ini dikarenakan kebiasaan mereka yang bercocok tanam. Ketika mereka hidup di gunung mereka harus siap dengan cuaca dingin yang setiap waktu akan menyerang. Awalnya mereka memanfaatkan matahari diisaat siang hari dan api unggun disaat malam hari, sedangkan panas tersebut sifatnya sementara sedangkan mereka membutuhkan panas yang bisa mereka dapatkan  tanpa harus tergantung pada matahari dan api, lalu mereka menggunakan ulos suntuk menghangatkan tubuh mereka dari udara dingin. Seiring dengan berkembangnya aman ulos saat ini digunakan pada saat upacara adat seperti kelahiran, kematian, pernikahan, dan upacara adat lainnya. Menurut data statistic Indonesia tahu  2011 Suku Batak adallah suku 3 terbanyak yang mendiami Indonesia setelah Jawa dan Sunda hal ini menjadi alasan  dirancangnya Galeri Tenun Ulos di Pekanbaru agar masyarakat Riau khususnya Pekanbaru dapat mengetahui dan memahami apa itu tenun ulos mulai dari sejarah, alat,dan proses pembuatannya. Oleh karena itu perlunya perancangan Galeri Tenun Ulos di Pekanbaru dengan menggusung tema Arsitektur Analogi Ekspresionis.
Recommendations for the nutritional medical treatment of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pipicelli G. , Fatati G. , Leotta S. , Parillo M. , Tagliaferri M. , Tomasi F. , Pucci A.
Published: April 2019

The importance of following a correct diet is well known and unquestioned, and is one of the underpinning principles of the nutritional treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, we are all fully aware of how difficult and challenging it may be to achieve significant results, as we need to motivate the patients, and in some cases also motivate ourselves. Moreover, over time the various schools of thought have given differing interpretations on how to set up a nutritional treatment plan. Eventually, pressure from the Ministry of Health on the Scientific Associations – through the National Healthcare Plan – with regard to the need to change people's lifestyles by recommending correct dietary habits led the Italian Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Association (Associazione Italiana di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica) and the Diabetologists' Association (Associazione Medici Diabetologi) to combine their efforts through the creation of a joint Diabetes and Nutrition study group. The study group's objectives are to provide tools to help physicians optimise their work in the nutritional area, and to identify consistent, rational operating guidelines. This publication addresses the key topic, i.e., the need to set forth recommendations for the nutritional medical treatment of diabetes mellitus. While taking into account the latest national and international studies, our approach sought to adjust those studies to the lifestyles and habits prevalent in this country. Needless to say, these recommendations are constantly evolving and subject to improvement, and the study group's task will be to focus their efforts on providing physicians with the most advanced tools, and to identify patients' as well as physicians' needs. As a whole, these objectives will represent a valuable service available in everyday clinical practice in the area of nutritional treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Effects of pulse consumption in women presenting components of the metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gravel Karine , Lemieux Simone , Asselin Geneviève , Dufresne Alexandra , Lemay André , Forest Jean-Claude , Dodin Sylvie
Published: April 2019

The objective of the study is to evaluate the effects of pulse consumption in women presenting at least two primary components of the metabolic syndrome (MS). One hundred and thirty-four women were randomly assigned to consume for a 16-week period either 750 ml of pulses weekly or control meals without pulses. Main outcomes measure were primary and secondary components of the MS and body fatness. A significant increase in dietary fibers and a significant decrease in dietary cholesterol were observed in the pulse group. For all components of the MS and body fatness, no significant differences were observed between the group consuming pulses or in the control group; however, plasma fibrinogen concentration decreased significantly only in the pulse group. In conclusion, a nutritional intervention providing 750 ml of pulses weekly had no effect on primary and secondary components of the MS and on body fatness.
Globe artichoke as a functional food
Authors: Ceccarelli Nello , Curadi Maurizio , Picciarelli Piero , Martelloni Luca , Sbrana Cristiana , Giovannetti Manuela
Published: April 2019

Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L. Fiori) is a traditional component of the Mediterranean diet. Artichoke edible parts are one of the richest dietary sources of polyphenols with high bioavailability, and contain also high-quality inulin, fibres and minerals. Moreover, pharmaceutical artichoke leaf extracts show hypocholesterolemic and choleretic properties. Several clinical studies have shown that the bioactive properties of globe artichoke are due to the high content of polyphenolic compounds in flower heads and leaves, in particular hydroxycinnamates and flavonoids. The total antioxidant capacity of artichoke flower heads is one of the highest reported for vegetables, and is strictly related to their polyphenolic content. Different agronomic variables, such as mycorrhizal inoculation, may affect plant secondary metabolism, and in particular the production of metabolites with health-promoting activities. Our recent data showed large increases of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in leaves and flower heads of mycorrhizal artichoke plants.
Efficacy of a red yeast rice based nutraceutical in large subgroups of hypercholesterolemic subjects in every day clinical practice
Authors: Cicero A. F. G. , Benvenuti C. ,   ARMoweb study Group
Published: April 2019

To verify the efficacy of a patented proprietary combination of nutraceuticals containing natural hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant agents as red yeast rice extract, policosanols, coenzyme Q10, astaxanthin, and folic acid in the following subgroups of hyperlipidemic subjects: fertile (F) versus menopause (M) women, adults versus elderly (>65 years), lunch versus dinner administration time. A randomised, multicenter study in 411 Italians units compared Armolipid-Rottapharm|Madaus (ARM) one tablet/day plus diet versus diet alone (D) for 16 weeks in hyperlipidemic patients [serum total cholesterol (tot-C) >200 mg/dL or LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) >150 mg/dL at admission]. Efficacy parameters were measured at baseline and every 4 weeks. In 2,408 eligible subjects, 1,665 adults and 743 elderly, total and LDL-cholesterol were likewise reduced by ARM + D in both age classes and significantly versus D. In 1,246 cases, 302 F and 946 M, tot-C gradually and significantly decreased up to 18.7 and 16.8% in F and M treated groups versus 9% in D group. Similar reduction was observed in LDL-C. In 907 cases, the time of administration of ARM was detailed: 733 received ARM + D at dinner and 174 at lunch. Cholesterolemia improved equally in the two groups. The association of ARM with an appropriate diet is more effective than diet alone in reducing abnormal cholesterolemia, independently from age classes and administration time during the day, supporting its positive use for controlling hypercholesterolemia with a positive impact on CHD prevention in all categories of subjects.
Antioxidant potential of broccoli stalk: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Singh Balraj , Chaturvedi Shivani , Walia Shweta , Kaushik Gitanjali , Thakur Shailja
Published: April 2019

Broccoli is a popular Brassica vegetable widely consumed worldwide for its superior nutritive value and delicious taste. It is also a rich source of several health beneficial phytochemicals. However, sudden fluctuation in temperature, especially in tropical countries spoils the broccoli crop by distorting the heads and puts immense pressure on the farmers by virtue of monetary losses. Usually the broccoli curd is consumed, and the stalk is thrown away which is also of considerable nutritive value. In the present study, the antioxidant potential of the stalk was investigated and it was found to be a rich source of ascorbic acid, carotene and phenols. It is therefore, concluded that the broccoli stalk would provide a suitable means to add nutritive value to the diet in form of salad dressings, in combination with soups, pastas, fries etc. The optimal utilization of the stalk would provide immense nutritive and health benefits, curb malnutrition, supplement diet with phytochemicals and would also provide monetary benefits to the farmers from the sale of even the spoiled broccoli crops.
Preparation and evaluation of yoghurt like fermented dairy product containing transesterified palm olein
Authors: Abdullah M. , Nadeem M. , Pasha T. N. , Hussain I. , Inayat S. , Ilyas M. , Rashid A.
Published: April 2019

Main objective of this research work was to develop yoghurt like fermented dairy product by replacing milk fat with enzymatically transesterified palm olein. Milk fat was replaced with enzymatically transesterified palm olein at different levels, i.e., T1 (1.5% enzymatically transesterified palm olein and 2% milk fat), T2 (2.5% enzymatically transesterified palm olein and 1% milk fat), T3 (3.5% enzymatically transesterified palm olein and 0% milk fat). All these treatments were compared with a control T0 which did not contain any vegetable fat replacement (3.5% milk fat). Yoghurt like fermented dairy product was prepared from buffalo milk and stored for 21 days at 4°C. The addition of enzymatically transesterified palm olein on physico-chemical analysis and sensory characteristics were determined at the interval of 7 days. Incorporation of palm olein up to T1 level did not have any adverse effect on compositional attributes, pH and acidity of yoghurt like fermented dairy product, flavor, texture and overall acceptability scores.
Effect of acute consumption of strawberry jam on glycaemic status in both non-complicated and type 2 diabetic obese volunteers: a pilot study
Authors: Intorre Federica , Donini L. M. , Catasta G. , Neri B. , Hagedorn T. , Toti E. , Foddai M. S. , Venneria E. , Palomba L. , Azzini E. , Rossi L. , Pinto A. , Giusti A. M. , Maiani G.
Published: April 2019

The aim of this intervention trial was to evaluate the impact of consumption of two different types of strawberry jam on glycaemic status in 16 non-complicated and 7 type 2 diabetic volunteers, having a body mass index higher than 30 kg/m2 (obesity status) and selected according to the specific criteria. Volunteers consumed a test meal consisting of 30 g of white bread, 50 g of an experimental jam (sweetened with organic apple juice) and 150 ml of whole cow milk; a control jam (sweetened with white beet sugar) was provided within the same test meal with a week gap. For the determination of glucose and insulin levels, venous blood samples were collected after overnight fasting and every 30 min for 3 h after the ingestion of the test meal. Both groups of volunteers had a significantly lower (P < 0.05) increase of glucose and insulin levels at 30 and 60 min after the consumption of the experimental jam with respect to the control one, highlighting the importance of the type of carbohydrates in controlling glycaemic status: indeed, this type of jam, containing mainly fructose, was successful not only for diabetics but also for subjects at risk of developing this pathology, with a severe obesity condition. The consumption of this kind of product could be a strategy to enhance the quality of life in type 2 diabetic people, helping them to follow a dietary regimen including highly accepted food.
Pushing forward to only ever healthy body weight in children and adolescents: the Swiss paradox
Authors: Macrí Paola , Battino Maurizio
Published: April 2019

The economic future of a country depends largely on the vitality of its new generations: they need to be healthy enough to lead. However, facts and high prevalence of obesity epidemic demonstrate that the individual choice approach towards adequate nutritional behaviour and exercise is not working, and governments around the globe are stepping into halt and hopefully reverse the trend towards a future without childhood overweight. Figuring out how best to proceed is an issue that has been raised also in Switzerland, a country known for its excellent living conditions and healthy environment, and measures are being actively implemented by cantons, addressing healthier lifestyles. However, solving the obesity epidemic requires implementation of a comprehensive program that, beyond cantonal and local endeavours, could use heavier legislative and regulatory authority from the Swiss government to ensure that there are no gaps left in the development, test and propagation of national policies concerning schools curricula, food labelling and prices. Nevertheless, encouraging signs are coming from scientific reports supporting the levelling off of overweight and obesity rates in children and adolescents from around the world, including Switzerland. There is optimism about the future, but also certainty about the critical role that advocacy, by all involved parts, plays to maintain high standards in goals to achieve, and shared responsibility to prevent conflict of interests among governments, industry and consumers.
Glycemic indices of three commonly consumed foods: a clinical trial in Iranian healthy adults
Authors: Hajifaraji M. , Rezvani V. , Yaghoobi A. S. , Morteza H. , Maddah M.
Published: April 2019

Type of carbohydrate and glycemic index of traditional foods is still a challenge in nutritional management of diabetics. This study was conducted to determine the GI of pasta (ordinary and infused), made from either nol (common wheat) or semolina (durum wheat) flour, compared to white rice in subjects. Twelve healthy volunteers with body mass index 23.5 ± 1.45 kg/m2 and age 36 ± 2.85 years participated in this study. Twelve hours overnight fasting capillary blood samples were collected from subjects at baseline by finger stick using a sterile lancet pen immediately before ingestion of either 50 g of D-glucose anhydrate dissolved in 300 ml distilled water, 192.3 g cooked pasta or 185.2 g of rice (50 g carbohydrate) alongside 300 ml water. Blood samples were collected again at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. All subjects consumed the test meals at 1-week interval. The standard glucose solution was administered at the first and fourth week of study. Blood samples were analysed using an Accu-Chek Aviva Blood Glucose Monitor. The area under the curve was calculated as the incremental area under the blood glucose response curve for each test in each individual. The GI values were determined according to FAO/WHO standard methods. This study indicated that the GI of ordinary pasta made from semolina {47} is significantly lower than nol flour pasta {68} or cooked rice {73}. There was a reverse, but non-significant, difference between the GI of semolina-infused pasta {63} versus nol-infused pasta {60}. Glycemic index for pasta (semolina and non-infused) was significantly less than that of nol wheat pasta, cooked rice and white bread. This study underscores the importance of consuming ordinary pasta made from semolina as part of a low GI diet for controlling blood glucose levels.
Dietary strategy for prevention and management of dyslipidemia: international guidelines
Authors: Sucato Vincenzo , Sanfilippo Giuseppina , Triolo Fabio , Novo Giuseppina , Barbagallo Carlo Maria , Novo Salvatore
Published: April 2019

Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease should begin with a detailed metabolic study of our patients who must follow a nutritional therapy. Recently, new guidelines ESC/EAS 2011 on the treatment of dyslipidemia have been drawn up, according to which it is possible to arrive at desirable values of cholesterol and triglycerides with a synergy between drug treatment and adequate diet therapy. At this time, Mediterranean diet has been undergoing a radical transformation: there is hyperalimentation of the Mediterranean diet in all its components. The effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet on the reduction of lipids has been demonstrated, and the problem is how to implement this diet in the general population and dyslipidemic patients. Certainly, awareness, education of their nutritional status, suitable food and portions can increase adherence to diet.
Effects of a new mixture of essential amino acids (Aminotrofic®) in malnourished haemodialysis patients
Authors: Sukkar S.G. , Gallo F. , Borrini C. , Vaccaro A. , Marchello C. , Boicelli R. , Borgarelli C. , Solari P. , Ratto C. E. , Ravera G.
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to verify the clinical efficacy of a diet associated with already commercially available oral amino acid functional cluster (AFC) compared to the administration of a diet associated with a nitrogen protein-based supplement (casein) in antagonizing malnutrition in patients with Chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing haemodialysis. The secondary aim was to assess the changes in protein levels during the acute phase such as the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Twenty patients in haemodialysis aged between 18 and 85 of both genders (13 m, 7f) were recruited, randomized and divided into two groups and treated for 4 months respectively with: (1) oral AFC supplement (*)8 g/die: group A, and (2) oral supplementation of a protein nitrogenous mixture compared to AFC with a casein protein source) of 6.6 g: group P. During the initial assessment and thereafter on a monthly basis all patients underwent the following: Dietary recall 24 h; Anthropometric:Weight, height, BMI, expected dry weight, actual weight; Biochemical: Albumin, transferrin, Na, K, Cl, Ca, P, Mg, long-interval creatinine (Aminotrofic®: Errekappa Euroterapici, Milano) pre-albumin, α1 acid glycoprotein, C reactive protein (CRP), protein nitrogen appearance (PNA); Instrumental: Handgrip strength evaluation, Calorimetry by means of Armband, Bio-impedance analysis (BIA), Spitzer Index (quality of life), Subjective Global Assessment Generated by the patient (PG SGA). Considering the nutritional parameters, no significant differences concerning dry weight emerged between the beginning (T0) and the end (T4) (weight A to T0: kg 64.41 ± 6.34; weight A to T4: kg 64.51 ± 7.05: P = NS; weight P to T0: kg 60.17 ± 11.94; weight P to T4: kg 59.86 ± 11.43: P = NS); biochemical parameters, significant differences were observed only for two parameters: pre-albumin (Pre-albumin A to T0 30.12 ± 7.23; Pre-albumin A to T4: 28.91 ± 5.8; Pre-albumin P to T0 22.51 ± 6.04; Pre-albumin P to T4: 26.10 ± 9.82), and Transferrin (Transferrin A to T0 171.77 ± 28.87 mg/dL, Transferrin A to T4: 181.44 ± 38.83 mg/dL: P < 0.005; Transferrin P to T0 160.29 ± 27.46 mg/dL, Transferrin P to T4: 146.57 ± 24.96 mg/dL: P < 0.005), but not in other parameters. From a nutritional perspective, after 4 months of treatment an increase in protein synthesis was noted in group A compared to group P which was proved by the significant increase of transferrin. This pilot study suggests the AFC oral supplementation may represent a valid alternative to intradialytic parenteral treatment and may also allow for an improvement in blood chemical values and nutritional status.
Effects of probiotic ultra-filtered feta cheese and raw chicory root extract on lipid profile in healthy adult volunteers: a triple-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Moradi Shayan Mohammad , Javidan Aida , Isfahani Hamidreza Naji
Published: April 2019

The role of probiotics and prebiotics as cholesterol reductive agents has drawn a great deal of attention. However, there have been few studies, investigating the effect of prebiotics and probiotics together on lipid profile. The purpose of study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic cheese (PCh) and chicory root extract consumption on lipid profile in a large sample. 180 subjects aged 18–65, with <6 mmol/l total cholesterol participated in the 7-week trial. Subjects randomly assigned into three 60-person groups. E1 consumed 30 g of PCh plus chicory root extract (daily), E2 consumed 30 g of PCh (daily) along with a control group. Probiotics strains in products were Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and Bifidobacterium lactis BB12. Anthropometric measurements and blood sampling were conducted at the baseline and end of trial. There was a significant reduction within both intervention groups throughout the study: intervention 1, (LDL: −0.79, 95 % CI −0.96, −0.61, P < 0.0001; cholesterol: −1.02, 95 % CI −1.41, −0.63, P < 0.0001; triglyceride: −0.59, 95 % CI −0.67, −0.51, P < 0.0001; HDL: 0.44, 95 % CI, 0.37, 0.51, P < 0.0001); intervention 2 also showed significant improvements in the mentioned factors. Comparing results of both groups with control showed significant improvements in all factors except triglyceride of intervention 2. PCh and chicory extract showed great effects on improvements of lipid profile, thus they can be used for prevention and treatment purposes.
MEMAHAMI PERAN DAN FUNGSI PERKEMBANGAN PESERTA DIDIK SEBAGAI UPAYA IMPLEMENTASI NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM KURIKULUM
Authors: Cahyono Heri , Iswati Iswati
Published: April 2019

The students need to plant good characters because the planting of characters must start early, because it will be easier to form. The existing character values of 18 points must absolutely be implemented in each subject and by the level of educational unit. Implementation is by integrating into learning activities with approaches that make learners as their subject. To see the success of this character education implementation, it is necessary to have a good assessment in every subject, class or school in general and the teacher is the leader in value-based learning activities of the nation character, to support the optimization of teacher’s role in the integration of character values in learning activities, teachers should have an insight into the knowledge and experience of the values contained in the nation’s character broadly and adequately.
Un ensayo sobre la Laudato si’ y su contribución a la conciencia ambiental
Authors: Moyano Estrada Eduardo
Published: April 2019

En un contexto como el actual en el que hay una crisis de las grandes identidades predominando una diversidad de pequeñas identidades excluyentes y adaptativas, cabe observar en torno a los valores relacionados con el medio ambiente algunos atisbos de construcción de una nueva identidad, más universalista, incluyente y estable, al posibilitar que, en torno a ella, se vaya definiendo una serie de valores compartidos a partir de los cuales los ciudadanos expresen y orienten sus comportamientos tanto individuales, como colectivos. De eso es precisamente de lo que habla la encíclica Laudato si’ del Papa Francisco, este trabajo se centra en analizar dicha encíclica y valorar su contribución a la conciencia ambiental de la ciudadanía y a la construcción de nuevos valores compartidos en torno a los problemas del medio ambiente.
El mundo de hoy, un diagnóstico geopolítico
Authors: Solana de Madariaga Javier
Published: April 2019

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Jaime Loring Miró (1929–2019), fundador de ETEA (Córdoba)
Authors: Margenat Peralta Josep M.
Published: April 2019

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"Humanos. Entre lo prehumano y lo pos– o transhumano"
Authors: Sequeiros San Román Leandro
Published: April 2019

Recensión de la obra de: BEORLEGUI, C. (2019) Humanos. Entre lo prehumano y lo pos– o transhumano. Madrid, Sal Terrae, 647 pp.
"The Jesuits and globalization: historical legacies and contemporary challenges"
Authors: Romero Rodríguez José Juan
Published: April 2019

Reseña de la obra de: BANCHOFF, T. y CASANOVA, J. (Eds.) (2016), The Jesuits and globalization: historical legacies and contemporary challenges. Washington D.C., Georgetown University Press, 299 pp.
"Diez cosas que el Papa Francisco propone a las mujeres"
Authors: Pena Búa Pilar
Published: April 2019

Reseña de la obra de: COMPTE GRAU, M. T. (2018), Diez cosas que el Papa Francisco propone a las mujeres, Madrid, Publicaciones Claretianas, 85 pp.
Interacción entre modelación física y numérica para el diseño de obras hidráulicas y validación de simulaciones CFD
Authors: López Fernández Alfredo R. , Ruiz Díaz Cardoso Adriana M. , De Dios Mariano , Liscia Sergio
Published: April 2019

Los modelos físicos constituyen una poderosa herramienta para el diseño y optimización de obras hidráulicas de gran envergadura y complejidad en lo referente a su implantación y funcionamiento. En la etapa de proyecto permite visualizar el funcionamiento de la futura obra ante las condiciones de diseño previstas, así como, otras más desfavorables para su estabilidad o buen funcionamiento, debido a que se controlan ciertos parámetros que hace posible modelar escenarios que en prototipo, tienen una probabilidad de ocurrencia muy pequeña, como una crecida máxima probable (CMP) o que directamente no deseamos que ocurra, como fallas o rotura de las obras. En la evaluación de obras ya construidas que presentan problemas de diseño o funcionamiento, nos ayuda a representar y analizar con mayor detalle, dichos problemas, para determinar la solución más conveniente, teniendo en cuenta que la intervención de obras en funcionamiento, es compleja e involucran a diversos factores que muchas veces escapan a lo netamente técnico.En la actualidad debido al avance de la tecnología, se tiene acceso a modelos numéricos de alta prestaciones, que nos permiten realizar los mismos análisis que en los modelos físicos pero sin requerir de instalaciones físicas importantes. Debido a la complejidad de los fenómenos hidráulicos su representación numérica requiere formulaciones que deben ser validados con datos experimentales o de prototipo para tener resultados confiables y así poder combinar ambos modelos en búsqueda de soluciones optimizadas.El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar la utilidad de un modelo físico para el diseño y optimización de una central hidrocombinada, y su utilización para la validación de las simulaciones CFD (computational fluid dynamics).