bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MEASUREMENT OF THE ABSORPTION-BASED HYDROGEN STORAGE CAPACITY OF Ti0.95Zr0.05Cr0.8Mn0.8V0.2Ni0.2 ALLOY
Authors: Brestovič Tomáš , Jasminská Natália , Lázár Marián , Bednárová Ľubica , Dobáková Romana
Published: June 2020

The article describes potential application of the BCC alloy Ti0.95Zr0.05Cr0.8Mn0.8V0.2Ni0.2 in the hydrogen absorption process. It deals with the measurements of the PCI (Pressure Concentration Isotherm) characteristics applying the volumetric method. With regard to the fact that it is an indirect measurement method, the thermodynamic description was analysed in details and subsequently used to identify the weight capacity of the stored hydrogen. The article presents a detailed description of the procedure for measuring the free volume of the measuring equipment using helium which is able to penetrate into pores and apertures with the size of only a few nanometres but does not participate in the absorption into the intermetallic structure of the alloy. The hydrogen absorption into the tested alloy was initiated by repeatedly performed activation of the alloy surface. The final section of the article presents the examination of the cyclic stability of the absorption-desorption cycle within the repeated monitoring of the maximum weight capacity of the stored hydrogen.
PRODUCTION OF COMPOSITE PELLETS FROM WASTE COFFEE GROUNDS, MILL SCALE AND WASTE PRIMARY BATTERY TO PRODUCE FERROMANGANESE; A ZERO WASTE APPROACH
Authors: Yeşiltepe Selçuk , Şeşen Mustafa Kelami
Published: June 2020

This study was aimed to produce ferromanganese by using waste battery as manganese source, mill scale as iron source and waste coffee ground as reduction agent and carbon source. Waste batteries were collected from waste battery collection bins. Mill scale was collected from hot rolling workshop. Waste coffee grounds were household used coffee. All starting materials were characterized. Weighted raw materials blended with addition of bentonite as a binder. Pelletizing equipment was used to produce composite pellets. Produced pellets were dried then used for reduction experiments. Reduction experiments were conducted in Argon purged tube furnace for 1250 oC, 1300 oC and 1400 oC according to thermodynamic background. Produced ferromanganese samples were characterized for chemical compositions and metallization rate.
Fraudes em licitações: uma abordagem pragmática
Authors: Felix Renan
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo tem como escopo proceder a uma análise jurídica
dos crimes contra as licitações no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, observando tais delitos no contexto de um sistema político “viciado”, bem como apontar meios para o aperfeiçoamento da apuração e persecução criminal por parte do Ministério Público. Para tanto, far-se-á, além de uma abordagem do tema sob a perspectiva teórica e jurisprudencial, uma incursão em casos práticos que lograram êxito em desmantelar esquemas de fraudes em licitações (investigações coordenadas pelo Ministério Público Federal e Polícia Federal).
British prison projects: the Hard Labour Bill and the Penitentiary Act
Authors: Sokalska Olena
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the English prison projects: the Hard Labour Bill 1778 and the Penitentiary Act 1779. The author identified the reasons for their creation, sources, key points and their impact on the formation of penitentiary systems.

The American Revolutionary War made it impossible relocation of convicted criminals to the colony. His Majesty's Government had to rush to find a replacement for transportation. In the mid-70s of 18 century there were attempts to develop the foundations of new types of punishment that would replace transportation. Such an alternative would hard labor in special Houses of Hard Labor and Penitentiary Houses. The application of punishment by hard labour to criminals sentenced to transportation is developed in the Hulks Act 1776, the Hard Labour Bill 1778 and the Penitentiary Act 1779. The Hard Labour Bill and the Penitentiary Act were not about reforming prisons, but about developing a system of execution and serving a new type of punishment – imprisonment combined with hard labor.

The Hard Labor Bill for the first time enshrined the norms that, in 30-40 years, became the basis of the Pennsylvania system, the Auburn system, the progressive system: solitary confinement, the division of convicts into classes, the correction of the offender with the active participation of chaplain, the system disciplinary offence and sanction, initiation of post-penitentiary care, requirements for prison staff, control and supervision of prison activity by the public and judges.

The Hard Labor Bill has not been approved by Parliament. It has been slightly redesigned. The idea of a system of Houses of Hard Labor across the country had to be abandoned. Instead, William Blackstone proposed experimental Penitentiary Houses. It was approved in the Penitentiary Act 1779. An analysis of the main provisions of the Penitentiary Act shows that at least part of the regulation of the Penitentiary Houses and their conditions of detention were based on the Hard Labor Bill. Although the ambitious idea of creating a network of prisons throughout the country has been abandoned, Penitentiary Act 1779 has retained the general philosophy of imprisonment in combination with hard labor. Despite the lack of practical implementation, the 1779 Penitentiary Act was essential to further improve the operation of existing detention facilities and build new prisons throughout the country, but as a local initiative rather than a centralized reform.
Terminological aspects of constitutional regulation of church-state relations in Ukraine
Authors: Vasin Maksym
Published: June 2020

Almost 24 years have passed since the adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine, however, the term «church» remains unclear in the legislation of Ukraine. Simultaneous using the terms «church» and «religious organizations» in some provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine and using only the term «church» in other provisions create the basis for an ambiguous interpretation of the constitutional principle of church-state separation and church-school separation. Such legal uncertainty in practice leads to a violation of the rights of believers in the application of constitutional provisions, in particular in the process of registration of religious organizations as a legal entity.

The Constitutional Court of Ukraine decided that there were differences in the substance of the terms "church" and "religious organizations", which are primarily used in the legislation, but a clarification of these terms is the power of a legislative body, not the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. Nevertheless, the Parliament of Ukraine has not yet resolved the issue of interpretation of the term "church", which is used in the Constitution of Ukraine and is a legal ground to the whole sphere of legislative regulation of state-church relations.

In all the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organizations", the term "religious organizations" is used, avoiding terminological ambiguity. The use of the term "religious organization" in the legislation of Ukraine is justified not only because of the universality caused by the lack of denominational affiliation but also because this term denotes the specific form of legal entities.

In the article, the author gives arguments justifying the actuality for correction of the terminological conception, which is used in article 35 (3) of the Constitution of Ukraine, with the aim of introducing a unified approach in the whole legislation of Ukraine. However, it is permissible to use the term "church" for research purposes, giving it broad meaning as a public institution that embodies the diversity of religions and denominations.
The functions of government regulation in the field of ensuring information security
Authors: Yakovlev Pavlo
Published: June 2020

The article covers the functions of government regulation in the field of information security on the basis of generalizing the results of scientific development of functioning public administration system, as well as the analysis of the provisions of the Doctrine of Information Security of Ukraine. It is noted that regulation and administration as social phenomena, having a common scope, affect differently the objects of administration in order to achieve particular results, i.e. the realization of set goals and targets of administrative influence.

The classification of functions of government regulation in the field of information security, depending on their content, is proposed. In particular, the article discloses the essence of the following functions: of organizational support, of legal support, of information support, of logistical and financial support, of state control, of rapid response to offences in the field of information security, of creating conditions for the formation of a secure information space in Ukraine, of ensuring openness and transparency of the state to the citizens, of forming a positive international image of Ukraine.

In addition, it is proposed to classify the functions of government regulation in the field of information security by origin of respective threats into internal functions and external ones, and by rapidness of response to threats in the field of information security into permanent functions and operational ones.

It is substantiated that at the present stage of state-building in Ukraine, government regulation in the field of ensuring information security is multifunctional activity, which is caused by a wide range of information security threats and the need for adequate state response to each of the threats to the information environment. The only basic program document defining the main functions of government regulation in the field of ensuring information security is the Doctrine of Information Security of Ukraine, approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine. The application of the provisions of the said document allows to distinguish the proposed features. However, the status of their normative definition remains unsatisfactory and their regulation needs to be specified in view of the legislative provisions determining the status of the institutions that implement them.
Improving administrative-legal protection of dendrological parks in Ukraine
Authors: Rodik Tetiana
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of administrative-legal protection of dendrological parks and its peculiarities as well as identifications of drawbacks in this sort of legal regulations. We also target at the ways to improve legal reglamentation of dendrological parks’ protection.

Only effective legal protection enables adequate functioning of dendrological parks as nature conservational, recreational, cultural, educational, and research institutions.

On having analysed the peculiarities of the administrative-legal protection of dendrological parks we draw attention to the fact that national legislation does operate neither the definitions for the term «administrative-legal protection of dendrological parks» nor for a more generic one «legal protection of dendrological parks». There are no principles, ideas or peculiarities for the legal protection of dendrological parksas unique research institutions and valuable natural areas. We consider this fact a drawback in the legal regulation of such territories functioning.

We have analyzed national legislation and juridical literature to define the meaning of the categories «legal protection of dendrological parks» and «administrative – legal protection of dendrological parks» to determine the ways to improve legal administrative protection of dendrological parks.

This article presents the research into the legislative base of dendrological parks functioning, which proved to be thoroughly developed although having some controversies. The system of state administration is ineffective in our country.

There is a range of issues, which do not permit to develop a clear administrative vector for such a category of the nature reserve fund. We can single out institutional dispersion among dendrological parks, some collisions in legislative acts. Moreover, bodies of state policy on nature reserve fund combine several functions: monitoring, managing, and economic activity.

The conclusions include the problems, which prevent the adequate realization of the administrative-legal protection of dendrological parks. We also develop ways to improve legal administrative protection of dendrological parks.
Simplified Procedure in Civil Proceedings in Different European Countries: Comparing Study
Authors: Korol Denys
Published: June 2020

In this article the simplified civil proceedings were analyzed as one of the most current discussion. Its characterization and difference from general action proceeding are debatable issues that need attention and in-depth study, especially in Ukraine, where the differentiation of action proceedings was first introduced in 2017.

This background requires the comparing research of the doctrine and legislative of European countries such as Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Spain and France, which have been selected for comparison, as well as the European Small Claims Procedure, which has been in existence alongside national small dispute resolution procedures for over ten years.

The most generalizable features that appear to be inherent in any simplification of court proceedings were studied, in particular, the time frames for simplified litigation, whether or not to hold hearings, the possibility of appeal and mandatory representation in these proceedings.

In conclusion, it was noted that the elements of simplifying the procedure for small cases resolution in Ukraine and in other European countries generally coincide. Among the similarity there are the features of securing the right to an oral or public court hearing on the case, a certain limitation of the right to appeal the decision in the case, the absence of compulsory representation, even in the conditions of compulsory representation of the parties in court by a lawyer. At the same time, the lack of standardized forms of appeal to the court in the simplified procedure, as well as the approaches to the procedure of the choice of the procedure of the case - are excluded by the parties, both in the European Small Claims Procedure and in Germany, to the excluded right of a judge to decide this issue. how it is envisaged in Lithuania. It is useful to borrow, in our opinion, the experience of Spain and France, in which the collection of small debts is the responsibility of the bailiff and the notary. Thus, a comprehensive mechanism for dealing with small or small matters should be established and maintained in the state.
Judicial protection of several legitimate environmental interests as a way to prevent violations of environmental security
Authors: Yevstihnieiev Andrii
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the status and prospects of judicial protection of environmental legitimate interests, analyzes the provisions of the relevant current procedural legislation, proposes the formulation of two environmental interests, the protection of which can make it possible to prevent violations of environmental safety.

It is concluded that full implementation of judicial protection of selected environmental legitimate interests as an effective preventive mechanism in the investigated field may be exercised under the terms of the applicable version of procedural law.

It is substantiated that the current law in the field of justice defines legitimate interests as the objects of court protection. Moreover the official understanding of the term "legitimate interest" was given by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in 2004 in its decision from 01, December, 2004 № 18-рп/2004.

Despite of this this, it is noted that national courts rarely protect environmental interests directly. This is due to the absence of clear criteria for identifying legitimate environmental interests which are not explicitly enshrined in legislation. Therefore, in the absence of a proper tradition of protecting legitimate environmental interests, courts seek to protect specific environmental rights which are rather detailed specifies in current legislation.

Such a situation impedes the fulfillment of the main objective of the legal regulation of public relations for ensuring ecological security, which is to prevent possible violations in the form of harm to life or human health.

In case of full implementation the practice of full protection of legitimate environmental interests (which is formally permitted by the applicable procedural legislation), the protection of such interests will be exercised until the right to environmental safety is violated, so such violations will be prevented.
Problems of determining a foreign element in dispute resolution in international commercial arbitration
Authors: Nahnybida Volodymyr
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the problems of determining the arbitrability of disputes submitted for consideration and resolution to international commercial arbitration in terms of the presence or absence of a foreign element in such disputes. The theoretical foundations of the concept of a foreign element, arbitrability, criteria for determining the competence of international commercial arbitration regarding the resolution of a dispute are analyzed in detail. Also, the article, through the prism of the provisions of the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, substantiates the need to improve article 1 of the Law of Ukraine «On International Commercial Arbitration». Based on theoretical and regulatory sources, court practice, the author concludes that it is necessary to supplement the provisions of the Law with norms on the possibility of transferring international commercial disputes to which individual entrepreneurs, states are parties, as well as disputes in which the place of fulfillment of a significant part of the obligations and the place with which the dispute is most closely related located in a country other than the place where the parties engaged in commercial activities.

The author also points out that the mechanism for determining the presence of a foreign element in assessing international commercial disputes in accordance with the provisions of the current legislation does not fully comply with international standards enshrined in UN acts. Now the provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On International Commercial Arbitration» require additions both in terms of the subject composition (individual entrepreneurs, foreign states), and by other criteria, including the place of fulfillment of a significant part of the obligations and the place with which the dispute is most closely connected. Direct work is currently underway to improve the relevant provisions, in the near future they will be submitted to parliament for consideration and adoption.
The Impact of Extra-Legal Factors on Adjudication: Theoretical and Practical Aspects
Authors: Shevchuk Vitalii
Published: June 2020

Adjudication is a complex and multifaceted process that involves not only legal but also personal and psychological aspects. In a combination, they can be regarded as the extra-legal affect on specific categories of cases. The issue under studies is relatively new in present-day Ukraine. However, this field of scientific research originated in America at the end of the XIX century. Although it has lost its relevance, today, this issue is gaining popularity again, particularly in the works by both national and foreign scholars, who directly or indirectly reveal it.

The article under discussion presents the analysis of theories, developed by national and foreign authors. These works trace the tendency to identify the factors that may affect the judges’ decision-making process, both directly (legal experience; political predisposition; intellectual and temperamental traits) and indirectly (overall erudition; family and personal associations, social status).What is more, the author of the article has identified two possible options for a judge to make a decision - by justice and by law. They are by no means related to each other, since not all the decisions, made in compliance with the law, are fair, whereas it is much easier to make fair decisions conform to the letter of the law.

This research is based on the materials of study carried out in 1914-1916 regarding some New York City magistrate judges, who made different decisions on similar categories of cases. Such a discrepancy again outlines the boundaries of individual relationships that affect the administration of justice.

In addition to the above, the theoretical material, outlined in the article, is rests on the examples from the court records of Canada and Ukraine. This made it possible to prove and realize that such extra-legal impact does exist today and is ruining the judicial system from inside.Besides, the investigation reveals the ECHR’s position on the issue under study. Relying on specific examples, we have pointed out various manifestations of judges’ bias. In those cases, they were driven by personal views and motives, which, in turn, influenced their final decisions, the latter being subsequently challenged.
STUDY OF DIFFERENT DISTRIBUTION MODELS FOR INDUSTRIAL CONSUMABLES AND APPLICABILITY IN INDIA
Authors: Dr. Asif Ali Syed  , Dr. Rakesh S Jha  , Mr. Sumit Kumar Pundhir
Published: June 2020

Industrial consumable products are the products which are generally consumed by an industrial organization but they are not used as raw material for final product. The switchgear manufacturers are generally multinational organizations and operate in almost all available markets and what differences the operations in various markets is the Distribution strategy as not only this plays a vital role in organizations efficiency to serve customers but also a critical success factor in organizational strategy and since The products are required by the industry to continuously run their operations and the need is random & difficult to predict hence the availability of these is critical for industries and hence the distribution network of these products becomes a critical success factor for the manufacturers of these products. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and understand the different distribution models adopted by organizations across the world and their applicability in different locations for factors related to the business as well as geography. The paper will also comments on the applicability of these models in India.
Efisiensi dan Efektivitas Lembaga Amil Zakat Nasional
Authors: Burhanudin Muhammad , Indrarini Rachma
Published: June 2020

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan jumlah penduduk terbesar di dunia. Namun, penduduknya masih banyak yang tergolong miskin dan menjadi perhatian pemerintah untuk meminimalisir angka kemiskinan. Di sisi lain, Indonesia memiliki penduduk dengan mayoritas beragama islam terbesar. Hal ini merupakan peluang dalam mengoptimalkan peran zakat, infak, dan sedekah sebagai instrument fiskla islam dalam upaya menanggulangi masalah kemiskinan di masyarakat. Sebab itu perlu adanya lembaga pengelola untuk menghimpun dan menyalurkan dana ZIS masyarakat yang efisien dan efektif. Dengan ini, pentingnya pengukuran tingkat efisiensi dan efektivitas lembaga amil dalam pengelolaan dana ZIS.  Pada penelitian ini, pengukuran efisiensi menggunakan metode Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) dengan pendekatan intermediasi, asumsi CRS berorientasi input dan untuk mengukur efektivitas amil menggunakan rasio Allocation to Collection Ratio (ACR). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa LAZNAS Inisiatif Zakat Indonesia mengalami kinerja inefisiensi pada tahun 2016 sebesar 69,29% sedangkan pada tahun 2017 dan tahun 2018 mengalami efisiensi sempurna 100%. Untuk pengukuran tingkat efektivitasnya pada tahun 2016 mendapatkan skor 51% dan tahun 2017 mendapatkan skor 92%, serta tahun 2018 memperoleh skor 96%.
TELAAH KRITIS TENTANG IMPELEMENTASI RELIGIOSITAS DAN SPIRITUALITAS YANG JUSTRU BERPOTENSI MENIMBULKAN KONFLIK
Authors: Kusuma Yuga Adi
Published: June 2020

The implementation of Pancasila in thereformation erahas not been done eagerly. Moreover, Pancasila is not always used as a foundation of government administration practice. This is because globalization has infiltrated Indonesia. Religion is the foundation of every human life, without religion human beings are not able to think instinctively. Besides, Humans will get difficulty to distinguish right and wrong. Unluckily, the incorrect implementation of religiosity and spirituality practices sometimes becomes the trigger of conflict.
Optimalisasi Teknologi Komunikasi Informasi Command Center Bagi Efektifitas Tenaga Kesejahteraan Sosial Kecamatan
Authors: Rachman Rio Febriannur
Published: June 2020

Surabaya memiliki banyak persoalan Penyandang Masalah Kesejahteraan Sosial (PMKS). Keberadaan Tenaga Kesejahteraan Sosial Kecamatan (TKSK) atau sukarelawan sosial yang dibentuk oleh Kementerian Sosial memiliki peran sentral dalam pemberantasan persoalan ini. Pada 2016, saat Command Center 112 diluncurkan Pemerintah Kota Surabaya, dengan pemanfaatan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi, TKSK juga diberi akses untuk bisa menerima informasi dari sana. Yang menarik, TKSK di setiap kecamatan memiliki hubungan baik dengan yang ada di kecamatan lainnya. Jadi, mereka bisa saling membantu saat menjalankan tugas.

 

Kata Kunci: Teknologi, Komunikasi, Sukarelawan, Pemerintah Kota Surabaya
A Semiotic on the Headlines of Political Party’s Advertisements in Jakarta Post
Authors: Bahri Syaiful
Published: June 2020

Language  has a  vital  function  in  many  different aspects such as social, military, economic, and even politics. Advertisement functions as media of promotion in transferring particular message from advertisers as the addressors to consumers as a target of the advertisement. The messages are meant to persuade consumers or people to choose a certain political party promoting its vision and mission. In addition, an advertisement covers all aspects of life as displayed in newspaper, television, direct mail, radio, magazines, internet and billboards.mIn this case, people can build a social community and use language as a means of delivering  messages. This  discusses one of the elements of political field as a subject matter of the discussion, the advertisements of political party in particular. In making advertisement, the political parties have to be creative in order to attract people‘s attention. With reference to the discussion of this research, the writer analyzes the advertisements of political parties major mass media.
How Intensions are Affected by Preparatory Conditions
Authors: Rohmah St. Shabibatul
Published: June 2020

The study focused on the written discourse, of the short story entitled No Witchcraft For Sale. The texts were pragmatically interpreted based on Searle’s theory of Speeh Act. This research discussed how intensions in uttering words were affected by preparatory conditions. The goals were to explain the three aspects of Speeh Act (locution, illocution and perlocution) and to describe the effects of preparatory conditions on the intensions. The data in this study were qualitative, because they were sentences taken from the short story. This is a literary research which used the descriptive analysis. Some intensions found in the utterances were declaring, thanking, asserting, claiming, commanding, congratulating, insisting, stating, telling, exclaiming, entreating, concluding, questioning, daring, asking, greeting, and blessing. These intensions were surely affected by the preparatory conditions. Contexts played important roles in conveying intentions.
PENERAPAN ACTIVE LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PAI
Authors: Zaman Badrus
Published: June 2020

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe the application of the active learning approach in inviting students to be able to think critically, be more creative, able to take roles, and be able to apply them. The research model is library research, research data from primary sources and secondary data. Then the data is processed by concept analysis. The conclusion of this study in the learning of PAI needs to be built an atmosphere such as encouraging learning is very important to attract students' interest in absorbing and interpreting the lessons that have been delivered by educators. Contextualizing the PAI material with other materials will make the students' understanding more comprehensive and integrate it with other subjects that can be easily understood. When a student understands the material received, the educator can ensure that the student is able to contextualize the material. Creativity and foresight of educators on social and cultural conditions must be able to illustrate the PAI material so that the material does not seem outdated and can be applied in appropriate conditions and conditions. This is also to facilitate students in understanding the material and its implementation in real life.

Keywords: Implementation of Active Learning, PAI Learning

 

Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memaparkan penerapan pendekatan active learning dalam mengajak peserta didik untuk mampu berpikir kritis, lebih kreatif, mampu mengambil peran, dan mampu menerapkannya. Model penelitian ini adalah library-research, data penelitian dari sumber primer dan data sekunder. Kemudaian data-data ini diolah degan analisa konsep. Kesimpulan peneletian ini dalam pembelajaran PAI perlu dibangun suasana seperti pembelajaran yang menggembirakan sangat penting untuk menarik minat peserta didik dalam menyerap dan menginterpretasikan pelajaran yang telah disampaikan oleh pendidik. Dengan mengkontekstualkan materi PAI dengan materi yang lain, akan membuat pemahaman peserta didik menjadi lebih menyeluruh dan mengintegrasikannya dengan mata pelajaran lain yang dapat dengan mudah untuk dipahami. Ketika seorang peserta didik memahami materi yang diterima, maka pendidik bisa memastikan bahwa peserta didik tersebut mampu mengkontekstualkan materi tersebut. Kreativitas dan kejelian pendidik terhadap kondisi sosial dan budaya, harus mampu mengilustrasikan materi PAI agar materi tidak terkesan ketinggalan zaman dan mampu diterapkan dalam keadaan dan kondisi yang sesuai. Hal ini juga untuk memudahkan peserta didik dalam pemahaman materi serta implementasinya dalam kehidupan nyata.

 Kata Kunci: Penerapan  Active Learning, Pembelajaran PAI
KONSEP PENDIDIKAN MENURUT PEMIKIRAN KH. HASYIM ASY’ARI
Authors: Lbs Mukhlis
Published: June 2020

Abstract: The aim of this research is to look at the thoughts of the founder of NU KH. Hasyim Ash'ari on the concept of education so that it can be obtained comprehensively. This research model is carried out using a library-research approach, in collecting data carried out by collecting references on the topic being studied, tracing the work of the character being studied, and looking for the work of other parties with regard to the thought of Hadratus Shaykh Hasyim Asy'ari ideologically, social, cultural and religious. The research data consisted of primary sources and secondary data. After the research data has been collected, it is processed by reading and classifying its contents, then data interpretation is carried out through the content of ideas or concept analysis. The findings in this research are that KH. Hasyim Ash'ari on the concept of education: First, it is seen from the aspect of the relationship between science and religion that cannot be separated. Secondly, education must contain moral values through aesthetic values with sufistic breath. Third, applying the principles of ahl as-Sunnah wa al-Jamaah (tawazun, tawassuth, ta‘adul and tasamuh) in the implementation of education.

Keywords: KH. Hasyim Ash'ari, Thought, Education

 

Abstrak: Penelitian ini tujuannya melihat pemikiran pendiri NU KH. Hasyim Asy’ari terhadap konsep pendidikan sehingga dapat diperoleh dengan komprehensif. Model penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kepustakaan (library-research), dalam pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan rujukan mengenai topik yang sedang kaji, menelusuri karya tokoh yang sedang diteliti, dan mencari karya pihak lain yang berkenaan dengan pemikiran Hadratus Syaikh Hasyim Asy’ari secara ideologis, sosial, kultural dan keagamaan. Data penelitian terdiri dari sumber primer dan data sekunder. Setelah dikumpulkan data penelitian diolah dengan dibaca dan diklasifikasikan isinya, selanjutnya dilakukan interpretasi data melalui isi gagasan atau analisa konsep (conten analysis).Temuan dalam penelitia ini bahwa pemikiran KH. Hasyim Asy’ari terhadap konsep pendidikan: Pertama, dilihat dari aspek hubungan ilmu dan agama yang tidak bisa dipisahkan. Kedua, pendidikan harus memuat nilai-nilai moral melalui nilai-nilai estetis yang bernafaskan sufistik. Ketiga, menerapkan prinsip-prinsip ahl as-Sunnah wa al-Jamaah (tawazun, tawassuth, ta‘adul dan tasamuh) dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan.

Kata kunci: KH. Hasyim Asy’ari, Pemikiran, Pendidikan
Pennoyer Strikes Back
Authors: Dorsaneo William V.
Published: June 2020

The primary purpose of this Article is to evaluate the four most recent Supreme Court decisions on personal jurisdiction and situate those decisions within the history of Supreme Court personal jurisdiction jurisprudence. Starting with the seminal case of Pennoyer v. Neff, personal jurisdiction jurisprudence has been remarkably kaleidoscopic, with the Supreme Court intervening at various intervals to redefine the law in broad strokes, while zigzagging from one doctrinal position to another and thereby leaving lower courts to hash out the application of an evolving personal jurisdiction doctrine to varying fact patterns. I will divide this jurisprudential history into two main groups of cases after Pennoyer was superseded by the modern minimum contacts approach. The first group of decisions begins with International Shoe Co. v. Washington and continues through Hanson v. Denckla. The second group begins almost two decades later with Shaffer v. Heitner and continues through Asahi Metal Industry Co. v. Superior Court and Burnham v. Superior Court.
Citations, Justifications, and the Troubled State of Legal Scholarship
Authors: Harrison Jeffrey L. , Mashburn Amy R.
Published: June 2020

Recent pedagogical, economic, and technological changes require law schools to reevaluate their resource allocations. Although typically viewed in terms of curricular changes, it is important also to focus on the very significant investment in legal scholarship and its impact. Typically, this has been determined by some version of citation counting with little regard for what it means to be cited. This Article discusses why this is a deeply flawed measure of impact. Much of that discussion is based on an empirical study the Authors conducted. The investigation found that citation by other authors is highly influenced by the rank of the review in which a work is published and the school from which the author graduated. Courts, on the other hand, are less sensitive to these markers of institutional authority. Perhaps more importantly, when the purpose of the citation is examined, a very small handful of those citing a work do so for anything related to the ideas, reasoning, methodology, or conclusions found in the cited work. This is slightly less true for judicial citation compared to citations by other authors. Given the level of current investment in legal scholarship and findings that reliance on it is far lower than citation counts would suggest, the Authors offer a number of recommendations designed to increase accountability of legal scholars and the utility of what they produce.
The Relational Economics of Commercial Contract
Authors: Cimino Chapin F.
Published: June 2020

Modern contract law scholarship embraces a particularly strange contradiction. On one hand, most legal scholars accept the core insight of what is called relational contract theory: most commercial contracts involve repeat players who seek to maximize wealth while still maintaining cooperative relationships. On the other hand, many of these same contract scholars believe that there is nothing contract law could or should do about it. They contend that contract law and legal theory are better off ignoring this insight, rather than trying to respond to it.

This Article brings these disparate lines of contract scholarship together by introducing new information that could dramatically change how legal scholars make sense of relational contract theory. It turns out that while legal scholars have largely discounted the importance of relational contract theory, another community of scholars—working in organizational theory, marketing, and strategic management—have studied, tested, and developed its insights. As a result, they have not only empirically confirmed the presence of relational behaviors in modern contracting, but they have begun to discover the sort of data that might make it possible to better account for the economic effects of relational contracting behavior in both legal theory and contract law doctrine. This literature demonstrates that it is possible to operationalize the insights of relational contract theory in an interdisciplinary way that respects both the need for a methodologically rigorous framework and the complex nature of economic behavior. In this Article, I argue that contract law scholars should set out on that same course.
Contemporary Perspectives on Wrongful Conviction
Authors: Schehr Robert , Kaplan Aliza B. , Beety Valena
Published: June 2020

The Innocence Network is “an affiliation of organizations from all over the world dedicated to providing pro bono legal and investigative services to individuals seeking to prove innocence of crimes for which they have been convicted, and working to redress the causes of wrongful convictions.” Beginning in 1999 and 2000 in Chicago, Illinois, a small group of interested legal and social science scholars and clinic directors met at the Northwestern University School of Law to discuss ways to investigate and litigate claims of actual innocence. The first recognized National Innocence Conference took place at the California Western School of Law in 2002, and included 130 registered attendees. The Innocence Network, building upon the successful 2002 conference, formally established an advisory Board of Directors in 2005. An annual Innocence Network conference has been held each year since 2002, with the May 2015 conference in Orlando, Florida, generating more than 500 attendees, including 150 exonerees.
Access to Criminal Justice
Authors: Green Bruce A.
Published: June 2020

When the organized bar talks about "access to justice," it tends to look exclusively at civil justice and to emphasize the need for lawyers in civil cases. This overlooks criminal justice and the essential role of lawyers in working to secure it. When the organized bar promotes criminal justice, it is typically circumspect about prosecutors’ responsibility. This essay argues that the bar should take a stronger role in elaborating prosecutorial norms, particularly in the context of miscarriages of justice both on the individual and systemic levels. When people are denied access to criminal justice, the bar should ask, "Where were the prosecutors?"
Dynamics of intraocular temperature during local hypothermia
(experimental study and mathematical modeling)
Authors: Anatychuk Lukyan , Kobyliansky Roman , Pasyechnikova Nataliya , Naumenko Volodymyr , Zadorozhnyy Oleg , Nazaretian Rudolf , Vereshko Yevheniia
Published: June 2020

Therapeutic hypothermia currently is successfully in various
fields of medicine to protect biological tissues from ischemia.
However the issue of changes in intraocular temperature under
hypothermia remains poorly understood.
Purpose. To study the dynamics of intraocular temperature in
conditions of local hypothermia and on the basis of the obtained
data to develop a mathematical model of thermophysical processes
in the rabbit eye.
Materials and methods. An in vivo experiment was performed
on 10 rabbits (20 eyes). In group 1 (5 rabbits, 10 eyes), epibulbar
and intraocular temperature was measured after local contact hypothermia through closed eyelids, in group 2 (5 rabbits, 10 eyes)
after local contact hypothermia directly through the cornea.
ока безпосередньо через рогівку. Для гіпотермії застосовувався
гелевий акумулятор холоду температурою -10 °С. Для вимірювання температури в різних відділах ока застосовувався термоелектричний пристрій, розроблений Інститутом термоелектрики
НАН і МОН України та ДУ «Інститут очних хвороб і тканинної
терапії ім. В. П.Філатова НАМН України». Для розробки математичної моделі теплофізичних процесів в оці кролика використано пакет прикладних програм COMSOL Multiphysics.
Результати. Температура склоподібного тіла в 1-й і 2-й групі
тварин знизилася в порівнянні з вихідними даними відповідно на 2,8 °С і 5,4 °С. Температурний градієнт між зовнішньою
поверхнею рогівки і середньою частиною склоподібного тіла ока
кролика в 1-й групі становив 7,1 °С, у 2-й групі – 9,2 °С. На підставі отриманих експериментальних даних було розроблено
схематичну, математичну та комп’ютерну моделі ока кролика
з урахуванням його теплофізичних особливостей, кровообігу,
процесів метаболізму і теплообміну.
Висновки. У разі локальної контактної гіпотермії очей кролика
відбувається зниження епібульбарної температури і температури внутрішньоочних середовищ, як під час охолодження
безпосередньо зовнішньої поверхні рогівки, так і під час впливу
холоду через закриті повіки.
Ключові слова: внутрішньоочна температура, локальна
гіпотермія, око кролика, математична модель ока.
Для цитування: Анатичук ЛІ, Пасєчнікова НВ, Науменко ВО,
Задорожний ОС, Назаретян РЕ, Кобилянський РР, Верешко ЄЮ.
Динаміка внутрішньоочної температури в умовах локальної
гіпотермії (експериментальне дослідження та математичне
моделювання). Журнал Національної академії медичних наук
України. 2019;25(4):383–8
Efektivitas Isolat Trichoderma Spp. dalam Pengendalian Penyakit Akar Gada (Plasmodiaphora Brassicae Wor.) Pada Sawi Hijau (Brassica Rapa)
Authors: Pandawani Ni Putu , Widnyana I Ketut , Sumantra I Ketut
Published: June 2020

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas dosis dan usia biakan dari isolat Trichoderma spp. dalam pengendalain penyakit akar gada pada tanaman sawi. RAK Faktorial digunakan pada penelitian dengan 2 faktor dan  3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah dosisdari isolat Trichoderma spp. yang terdiri dari 3 level dosis, yaitu 500 ml; 250 ml dan 0 ml. Faktor kedua adalah usia biakan dari isolate Trichoderma spp. yang terdiri dari 3 lever usia biakan isolate Trichoderma spp yaitu usia biakan 1 minggu; usia biakan 2 minggu dan usia biakan 3 minggu. Pada tanaman sawi yang terinfeksi penyakit akar gada, perlakuan beberapa dosis isolat Trichoderma spp. dan perlakuan beberapa usia biakan dari Trichoderma spp. memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap variabel tinggi tanaman sawi, daun tanaman sawi dan persentase penyakit. Perlakuan dari isolat Trichoderma spp. dosis 500 ml menghasilkan tinggi tanaman 21,68% dan  daun tanaman 26,63 %  lebih tinggi secara nyata dibandingkan  dengan tinggi tanaman dan  daun pada perlakuan  tanpa pemberian isolat Trichoderma spp. Perlakuan  dari isolat Trichoderma spp. dengan usia biakan 2 minggu,  menghasilkan tinggi tanaman 12,80 % dan daun 16,04% nyata lebih tinggi, dibandingkan dengan  tinggi dan daun tanaman pada perlakuan isolat Trichoderma spp. usia biakan 1 minggu . Persentase penyakit akar gada pada tanaman sawi pada perlakuan kombinasai isolat Trichoderma spp. dosis biakan 500 ml dan usia biakan isolat Trichoderma spp 2 minggu,  mencapai 0 %,  yang berarti tanpa adanya serangan penyakit akar gada
Invigorasi Benih Sawi Pagoda (Brassica narinosa) Kadaluarsa dengan Berbagai Konsentrasi Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Alami
Authors: Prabawa Putu Shantiawan , Parmila I Putu , Suarsana Made
Published: June 2020

Benih sawi pagoda yang telah kadaluarsa dapat ditingkatkan viabilitas dan vigornya dengan invigorasi metode hydropriming menggunakan ZPT alami seperti air kelapa, ekstrak bawang merah dan ekstrak daun lidah buaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan jenis ZPT alami yang memberikan efek terbaik pada viabilitas dan vigor benih sawi pagoda kadaluarsa. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Paranet Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Panji Sakti dari bulan Maret-April 2020. Penelitian disusun dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan dan apabila hasil uji F signifikan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT pada taraf 5%. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah: Z0 (Aquades Tanpa ZPT/Kontrol); Z1 (Air Kelapa 25%); Z2 (Air Kelapa 50%); Z3 (Ekstrak Bawang Merah 25%); Z4 (Ekstrak Bawang Merah 50%); Z5 (Ekstrak Lidah Buaya 25%) dan Z6 (Ekstrak Lidah Buaya 50%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perendaman ZPT alami berpengaruh nyata terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih sawi pagoda kadaluarsa, serta perlakuan air kelapa konsentrasi 50% (Z2) memberikan pengaruh terbaik.
Application of the innovative smart specializations approach for regional development in Ukraine
Authors: Podrez-Riapolova Iryna
Published: June 2020

Problem setting. In the context of integration into the international economic system and modification of the factors of competitiveness of the national economy, the regions of Ukraine present new opportunities to apply effective innovative mechanisms and tools to stimulate regional development. Smart specialization is a stimulating innovative approach which, through the implementation of a system of specific measures, should promote the development of regional potential, including innovative.
Analysis of recent researches and publications. The research of the issues related to the implementation of regional smart specialization is mainly devoted to the work of economists, among which are the works of J. Brzuszk and J. Pika, T. Bresnakhan, D. Van Ark, O. Berezina, O. Yatsyuk.
Article’s main body. Smart specialization is an innovative EU tool for building regional capacity through two key approaches, in particular local conditions and the knowledge economy. In practice, this approach involves identifying the competitive advantages and assets of the region, utilizing its innovative and scientific potential. However, success in implementing smart specialization can only be achieved through effective collaboration and synergy between local government, business, academia, and civil society. The key benefit of smart specialization at the regional level is to increase its competitiveness, ensure the effective use of innovation potential and innovation activity, since the availability of innovation in today’s globalized world is an important factor for economic growth.
Conclusions and prospects for the development. The application of the new smart specialization methodology to the strategic planning process in Ukraine should contribute to the efficiency of the processes of developing appropriate strategies and management of innovation processes in the regions, the development of innovations in certain sectors of the economy, the increase in the level of innovation and investment activity and investment attractiveness of the regions.