bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desigualdades no acesso e uso dos serviços de saúde entre trabalhadores informais e desempregados: análise da PNAD 2008, Brasil
Authors: Miquilin Isabella de Oliveira Campos , Marín-León Letícia , Monteiro Maria Inês , Corrêa Filho Heleno Rodrigues
Published: March 2013

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar se o tipo de vínculo de trabalho está associado a diferenças no acesso e utilização dos serviços de saúde. Utilizando os microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD/2008) foram estudados trabalhadores de 18 a 64 anos (N = 152.233), de ambos os sexos. Foram calculadas prevalências e razões de prevalência brutas e ajustadas das características de saúde dos trabalhadores por meio de regressão de Poisson. Em relação aos formais (n = 76.246), os informais (n = 62.612) e desempregados (n = 13.375) apresentaram menor escolaridade, menor renda mensal, pior estado de saúde autorreferido, maior frequência de "acamado nas duas últimas semanas", maior dificuldade de acesso e menor procura e uso dos serviços de saúde, mesmo após ajuste para sexo, faixa etária, região, escolaridade e informante. Há necessidade de políticas de saúde que diminuam a desigualdade no acesso aos serviços de saúde pelos trabalhadores informais e desempregados.
Mortalidade por neoplasia maligna do fígado e vias biliares intra-hepáticas no Brasil, 1980-2010
Authors: Amorim Thiago Rodrigues de , Merchán-Hamann Edgar
Published: March 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a tendência da mortalidade por neoplasia maligna do fígado e das vias biliares intra-hepáticas no Brasil, entre 1980 e 2010. Trata-se de um estudo de séries temporais com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Coeficientes de mortalidade brutos, padronizados, específicos por idade, região de residência e sexo foram calculados e as tendências analisadas utilizando-se modelos de regressão polinomial. Tendência crescente da mortalidade foi observada no Brasil, para ambos os sexos. O coeficiente médio de mortalidade para o país foi de 3,59 óbitos por 100 mil habitantes com aumento linear anual de 0,020 (R² = 0,588; p < 0,001), sendo para o sexo masculino de 4,20 óbitos por 100 mil homens, com aumento linear de 0,044 (R² = 0,81; p < 0,001) ao ano e, para o sexo feminino, de 2,98 por 100 mil mulheres, com aumento de 0,0194 (R² = 0,35; p = 0,008) ao ano. Discutem-se possíveis causas desse aumento bem como vieses de informação.
Associations between self-perceived quality of life and socio-demographic, psychosocial, and health variables in a group of elderly
Authors: Oliveira Sérgio Eduardo Silva de , Hohendorff Jean Von , Müller Juliana de Lima , Bandeira Denise Ruschel , Koller Sílvia Helena , Fleck Marcelo Pio de Almeida , Trentini Clarissa Marceli
Published: March 2013

The objectives of this study were to investigate: (a) multiple relations between socio-demographic, psychosocial, and health variables and quality of life in the elderly and (b) the model's validity through correlation with depressive symptoms. The sample included 339 elderly individuals from 60 to 98 years of age (M = 73.4; SD = 8.3), who answered a socio-demographic questionnaire, WHOQOL-100, and BDI. Cluster analysis of the sample distributed the elders into two groups according to self-perceived quality of life (better versus worse), and logistic regression analysis identified variables that explained better quality of life. Social class, self-rated health status, volunteer work, use of medication, and data collection setting were associated with quality of life (predictive capacity for correct classification 72.3%, specificity 73.6%, and sensitivity 71.1%). The inverse correlation between the model's variables and BDI scores provided evidence of the model's validity. The model can help support public policies aimed at promoting quality of life in the elderly.
Volcanic hydro-geomorphology of the Montagne Pelée and the rediscovery of an ancestral problematic (Carib, Kalinago) in the Lesser Antilles
Authors: Lalubie Guillaume
Published: March 2013

The hydrographic network of volcanoes has an impact as much on the constructive as on the destructive processes. This study is potentially rich in information. Volcanic hydro-geomorphology studies volcanic hydrographical system from a naturalist and multiscale approach.

On volcanoes, the analysis of processes that are produced in volcanic streams, during eruptions or rest periods, shows that the hydro-volcano-geomorphologic (HVG) hazards are numerous and cannot be reduced to simple flooding. All of the different HVG destructive phenomena act to evacuate the excess of volcanic material. The morphological impact is more definite than the ‘standard’ water floods. As a result, the threat of volcanic streams is significant because it is frequent, spontaneous and cannot always be predicted. Which bring us to the following question: are volcanic streams more dangerous than eruptions?

If the HVG risks have been neglected by the society in favor of the crater phenomena, it has not always been so in the Lesser Antilles. The vocabulary of the native Caribbean (Kalinago) that has reached us through the Carib-French dictionary of Father Breton (1665) is rich in information. It allows us to identify several gradients in the hydro-geomorphologic factors: meteorological crisis, stability of land and torrential phenomena intensity. The Kalinago’s vocabulary contains other words from different domains in geosciences, but none which refer to volcanic eruptions. This amerindian society probably perceived volcanoes on another time scale than ours: a temporal scale adapted to the impact of hazards, their danger.
Flooding in Jamaica with assessment of riverine inundation of Port Maria, St Mary
Authors: Mandal Arpita , Maharaj Anuradha
Published: March 2013

Flash flooding, from extreme rainfall is one of the major natural disasters affecting Jamaica and other small island states of the Caribbean. Flooding in Jamaica is mainly riverine, coastal and depression with the major coastal towns being affected owing to their location on low lying areas. Such localization is driven by increase in urbanization and tourism along the coastal areas. The present work aims in a broad discussion of the flooding in Jamaica with special reference to riverine flooding of Port Maria, the capital of St Mary, one of the parishes lying in the high rain zone of the island and being affected by repeated events of flooding. Analysis of the extreme rainfall event of November 23rd–24th, 2006 shows that it exceeded the 30 yr annual rainfall of the area and the 100 yr return period as calculated from 30 yr annual rainfall data for the island. The Port Maria river lacks a gauging station to monitor flow data and flood discharge peaks. Several methods are used to calculate the run-off in such small ungauged catchments. In this study the Soil Conservation Systems Curve Number (CN) method was used to calculate the run-off from the measured rainfall data using empirical equations. Results show an unprecedented high of 13–14 inches affecting the buildings and other infrastructures, leading to the collapse of a newly constructed bridge over the river Port Maria. The town continues to get flooded from intense short duration rainfall continuing to affect life and property. Flood plain maps exist for the larger watersheds of the island but smaller yet flood prone ones have not been mapped so far. Hence this becomes very important to create a floodplain map showing the extent of the runoff from rainfall with respect to the buildings and other infrastructures of the area. The present work thus aims in creating a spatial distribution map of the runoff from the rainfall measurements aiding in developing a no build zone for this and for other low lying coastal areas of the island.
La Désirade island (Guadeloupe, French West Indies): a key target for deciphering the role of reactivated tectonic structures in Lesser Antilles arc building
Authors: Lardeaux Jean-Marc , Münch Philippe , Corsini Michel , Cornée Jean-Jacques , Verati Chrystèle , Lebrun Jean-Frédéric , Quillévéré Frédéric , Melinte-Dobrinescu Mihaela , Léticée Jean-Len , Fietzke Jan , Mazabraud Yves , Cordey Fabrice , Randrianasolo Auran
Published: March 2013

In this paper we present and discuss new investigations performed on both the magmatic basement and the sedimentary formations of La Désirade. We report structural and sedimentary evidences for several episodes of deformation and displacement occurring prior to the present day tectonics. The main faults, respectively N130 ± 10°, N040 ± 10° and N090 ± 10°, previously considered as marker of the current tectonic regime corresponds to reactivated tectonic structures developed first during late Cretaceous compression and second during Pliocene to early Pleistocene extension. We demonstrate also the importance of late Pliocene-early Pleistocene and middle-late Pleistocene vertical movements in this part of the Lesser Antilles fore-arc as well as the role of compressive tectonics in the over thickened character of the arc basement in the Guadeloupe archipelago.
Corn Yield Response to Timing of Strip‐Tillage and Nitrogen Source Applications
Authors: Nash P. R. , Nelson K. A. , Motavalli P. P.
Published: March 2013

Development of effective management practices to maximize corn (Zea mays L.) production is important in poorly drained claypan soils due to their relatively low yield potential and vulnerability for environmental N loss. The objective of this 3‐yr study, conducted at one location was to determine whether an N management system with strip‐till (ST) and deep banding placement of polymer‐coated urea (PCU) could produce greater corn yields than no‐till (NT) systems with broadcasted non‐coated urea (NCU) or injected anhydrous ammonia (AA) with or without nitrapyrin with fall, early pre‐plant, or pre‐plant N applications. The experiment was a split‐plot design with N application dates as the main plot and eight N management systems (N source and tillage/N placement) as subplots. Nitrogen sources of PCU, NCU, and a non‐treated control (NTC) were used in conjunction with NT/surface broadcast and ST/deep band placement practices. Anhydrous ammonia was injected into a NT soil with or without nitrapyrin. Injecting AA into a NT soil with nitrapyrin at pre‐plant produced at least 2 Mg ha−1 greater corn yields than any of the management systems with a fall application during three wet years. When N was applied in the fall or at early pre‐plant, ST/deep banding of PCU and NCU produced yields similar to NT/injected AA with or without nitrapyrin. Strip‐tillage with deep banding of urea fertilizers may be a viable, high yielding alternative N management system in poorly drained claypan soils when tillage and N applications are done in fall.
Canopy Cover and Herbage Accumulation of Fourteen Grassland Species When Stocked with Chickens
Authors: Breitsameter Laura , Küchenmeister Kai , Küchenmeister Frank , Wrage‐Mönnig Nicole , Isselstein Johannes
Published: March 2013

Maintaining intact vegetation in the outdoor run of chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) can be difficult due to intense stresses such as defoliation and concentrated manure. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which damage‐tolerant plant species can improve canopy cover. In a 2‐yr field experiment, we subjected 14 disturbance‐tolerant grassland plant species (nine grasses and five forbs) to stocking with laying hens for short (1‐d), medium (2‐d), and long (3‐d) periods in a rotational stocking system. The species differed strongly in resistance (canopy cover and density of tillers and vegetation growing points) and resilience (herbage accumulation) to stocking. Repeated stocking but not duration of stocking had a significant effect on herbage accumulation and canopy cover in most of the species. Canopy cover decreased with repeated stocking in the majority of the tested species. In most forbs, increasing stocking duration significantly decreased the density of vegetation growing points; in most grass species, this factor had no significant effect on tiller density. Our results indicated that grasses are generally more suitable for an outdoor chicken run than forbs. The best performance was recorded forSchedonorus phoenix(Scop.) Holub andPoa supina(Schrad.), with >80% canopy cover, constant tiller density, and herbage accumulation of >4.8 g dry matter m−2d−1after repeated 3‐d stocking. We conclude that the use of disturbance‐tolerant grassland species will improve swards in outdoor chicken runs.
Tall Fescue ‘Jesup (Max‐Q)’: Meloidogyne incognita Development in Roots and Nematotoxicity
Authors: Meyer Susan L. F. , Nyczepir Andrew P. , Rupprecht Shannon M. , Mitchell Ashaki D. , Martin Phyllis A. W. , Brush Craig W. , Chitwood David J. , Vinyard Bryan T.
Published: March 2013

Tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumont. cv. Jesup (Max‐Q)] was recently recommended as a preplant ground cover for managing plant–parasitic nematodes on peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] in the southeastern United States. Jesup (Max‐Q) is associated with a strain of the endosymbiotic fungus Neotyphodium coenophialum that does not produce ergot alkaloids that cause fescue toxicosis. To optimize use of this tall fescue for lowering populations of the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted on selected factors potentially contributing to suppression. Tall fescue–derived extracts and exudates were tested for nematotoxicity, and M. incognita life cycle development was compared between susceptible tomato (Solanum esculentum Mill.) and Jesup (Max‐Q) roots. The highest tested root and shoot extract concentrations inhibited M. incognita hatch up to 46% compared with controls, and were nematotoxic to the infective second‐stage juveniles (J2; up to 66% decrease in viability). Root exudates were nematotoxic to J2 (up to 27% mortality), and inhibited hatch up to 48%. Roots of susceptible tomato plants (controls) had approximately 3 to 7 times more infective J2 than tall fescue roots, 40 to 80 times more females and egg masses, >1800 times more eggs/plant, and 10 to 83 times more galls/plant. The nature of Jesup (Max‐Q) suppression of M. incognita included low J2 penetration rate and failure of infective J2 to complete their life cycle in this cultivar. Compounds derived from Jesup (Max‐Q) tall fescue decreased nematode viability, also contributing to M. incognita suppression by this plant.
High‐Resolution 3‐D Mapping of Soil Texture in Denmark
Authors: Adhikari Kabindra , Kheir Rania Bou , Greve Mette B. , Bøcher Peder K. , Malone Brendan P. , Minasny Budiman , McBratney Alex B. , Greve Mogens H.
Published: March 2013

Soil texture which is spatially variable in nature, is an important soil physical property that governs most physical, chemical, biological, and hydrological processes in soils. Detailed information on soil texture variability both in vertical and lateral dimensions is crucial for proper crop and land management and environmental studies, especially in Denmark where mechanized agriculture covers two thirds of the land area. We modeled the continuous depth function of texture distribution from 1958 Danish soil profiles (up to a 2‐m depth) using equal‐area quadratic splines and predicted clay, silt, fine sand, and coarse sand content at six standard soil depths of GlobalSoilMap project (0–5, 5–15, 15–30, 30–60, 60–100, and 100–200 cm) via regression rules using the Cubist data mining tool. Seventeen environmental variables were used as predictors and their strength of prediction was also calculated. For example, in the prediction of silt content at 0 to 5 cm depth, factors that registered a higher level of importance included the soil map scored (90%), landscape types (54%), and landuse (27%), while factors with lower scores were direct insolation (17%) and slope aspect (14%). Model validation (20% of the data selected randomly) showed a higher prediction performance in the upper depth intervals but increasing prediction error in the lower depth intervals (e.g.,R2= 0.54, RMSE = 33.7 g kg−1for silt 0–5 cm andR2= 0.29, RMSE = 38.8 g kg−1from 100–200 cm). Danish soils have a high sand content (mean values for clay, silt, fine sand, and coarse sand content for 0‐ to 5‐cm depth were 79, 84, 324, and 316 g kg−1, respectively). Northern parts of the country have a higher content of fine sand compared to the rest of the study area, whereas in the western part of the country there was little clay but a high coarse sand content at all soil depths. The eastern and central parts of the country are rich in clay, but due to leaching, surface soils are clay eluviated with subsequent accumulation at lower depths. We found equal‐area quadratic splines and regression rules to be promising tools for soil profile harmonization and spatial prediction of texture properties at national extentacross Denmark.
Replacement between Conformity and Counter-Conformity in Consumption Decisions
Authors: Chou Ting-Jui , Dai Qi , Chang En-Chung , Wong Veronica
Published: March 2013

This study assessed, in a Chinese context, how self-esteem interacts with perceived similarity and uniqueness to yield cognitive dissonance, and whether the dissonance leads to self-reported conformity or counter-conformity behavior. Participants were 408 respondents from 4 major Chinese cities ( M age = 33.0 yr., SD = 4.3; 48% men). Self-perceptions of uniqueness, similarity, cognitive dissonance, self-esteem and need to behave in conformity or counter-conformity were measured. A theoretical model was assessed in four situations, relating the ratings of self-esteem and perceived similarity/uniqueness to the way other people at a wedding were dressed, and the resultant cognitive dissonance and conformity/counter-conformity behavior. Regardless of high or low self-esteem, all participants reported cognitive dissonance when they were told that they were dressed extremely similarly to or extremely differently from the other people attending the wedding. However, the conforming/counter-conforming strategies used by participants to resolve the cognitive dissonance differed. When encountering dissonance induced by the perceived extreme uniqueness of dress, participants with low self-esteem tended to say they would dress next time so as to conform with the way others were dressed, while those with high self-esteem indicated they would continue their counter-conformity in attire. When encountering dissonance induced by the perceived extreme similarity to others, both those with high and low self-esteem tended to say they would dress in an unorthodox manner to surprise other people in the future.
Measurement Equivalence of Seven Selected Items of Posttraumatic Growth between Black and White Adult Survivors of Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Rhodes Alison M. , Tran Thanh V.
Published: March 2013

This study examined the equivalence or comparability of the measurement properties of seven selected items measuring posttraumatic growth among self-identified Black ( n = 270) and White ( n = 707) adult survivors of Hurricane Katrina, using data from the Baseline Survey of the Hurricane Katrina Community Advisory Group Study. Internal consistency reliability was equally good for both groups (Cronbach's alphas = .79), as were correlations between individual scale items and their respective overall scale. Confirmatory factor analysis of a congeneric measurement model of seven selected items of posttraumatic growth showed adequate measures of fit for both groups. The results showed only small variation in magnitude of factor loadings and measurement errors between the two samples. Tests of measurement invariance showed mixed results, but overall indicated that factor loading, error variance, and factor variance were similar between the two samples. These seven selected items can be useful for future large-scale surveys of posttraumatic growth.
Preliminary Assessment of the Behavioral Activation Model in Japanese Undergraduate Students
Authors: Takagaki Koki , Okajima Isa , Nakajima Shun , Ishikawa Shin-Ichi , Kunisato Yoshihiko , Kanai Yoshihiro , Sakano Yuji
Published: March 2013

Many studies have reported that behavioral activation is an effective intervention for depression. The behavioral activation model is based on several formulations. For example, depressive mood leads to avoidant behaviors, avoidance negatively affects social contacts, decreased socialization lessens opportunities for positive reinforcement, and a decrease in positive reinforcement results in more depressive mood. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among avoidant behavior, social contact, frequency of positive reinforcement, and depressive mood by using structural equation modeling to assess support for aspects of this behavioral activation model. Participants were 630 Japanese undergraduate students and vocational school students. Results provided preliminary support for the model. Treating both avoidance and activating behavior might contribute to decreased impairment.
Influence of Item Sequence on Transient Mood Assessment
Authors: van Wijk Charles H. , Martin Jarred H.
Published: March 2013

The present study compared self-reported transient mood assessment using two different presentations of the sequence of mood scale items. A sample of 300 adults completed the standard Brunel Mood Scale and, after a distraction task, completed an experimental version composed of items grouped along the original subscales. A further 292 adults completed the scales in reverse order. After analysis, no significant differences in response patterns were observed. Results suggested that items sequenced non-randomly and according to mood subscales do not affect the accuracy of transient mood assessment. This suggests that for administration to large groups, the experimental version maintains the psychometric validity of the standard version while at the same time being more time-effective to score.
The Duke University Religion Index (DUREL): Validation and Reliability of the Farsi Version
Authors: Hafizi Sina , Memari Amir Hossein , Pakrah Mohammad , Mohebi Farnam , Saghazadeh Amene , Koenig Harold G.
Published: March 2013

This study examined the validation and reliability of the Farsi version of the Duke University Religion Index (FDUREL), a brief measure designed to evaluate the primary dimensions of religiosity. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, after translation of the original version of DUREL by using standard forward-backward translation, the FDUREL was administered to 427 medical students at different training levels. Reliability of the FDUREL was assessed by internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Principal components factor analysis was employed to assess the construct validity of the measure. In the second phase, 557 medical students were asked to fill out the FDUREL and Hoge Intrinsic Religiosity Scale to examine concurrent validity. The FDUREL was unidimensional and had good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Results suggest that the FDUREL is a reliable and valid measure of religiosity in Farsispeaking populations.
Empathy as Related to Motivations for Medicine in a Sample of First-Year Medical Students
Authors: Gonçalves-Pereira Manuel , Loureiro José , Trancas Bruno , Papoila Ana , Caldas-de-Almeida José Miguel
Published: March 2013

Professionalism and empathy are crucial in clinical settings. An association would be expected between empathic attitudes and altruistic motivations for a medical education. However, data is scarce in first-year students, and a previous small-scale study did not fully confirm the hypothesis that personoriented motives would have a strong relationship to empathy. The present study tested this association in a larger sample. 202 first-year medical students ( M age = 19.0 yr., SD = 2.7; 67.3% women) were assessed cross-sectionally, using the Vaglum and colleagues' indexes on motives for choosing medicine (security/status, person-orientation, and interest in the natural sciences) and the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy for students. There was a weak association between empathy and person-orientation, but the evidence regarding links between empathy and the three motivation scores was low overall. In this Portuguese sample there was not a clear-cut association between empathy and motivations for medical school.
Male Abuser: Type of Violence and Perception of the Relationship with the Victim
Authors: Boira Santiago , Marcuello Chaime
Published: March 2013

This article explores violent behavior within a relationship from the male abuser's perspective. A systemic approach was used, combining qualitative and quantitative information in two parallel studies. The first (Study 1) is a descriptive analysis of a group of men ( N = 220) who participated in a program to address violence within the couple. In the second (Study 2), a subgroup of 8 participants was interviewed in-depth for describing and analyzing their perceptions of violence. The data analysis suggest that relationship violence (a) begins in the early stages of the relationship, (b) is long-term, (c) rarely includes serious physical aggression, (d) is dominated by a growing hostility and isolation, (e) is characterized by a lack of awareness and responsibility for the violent behavior, and (f) includes intentional and strategic use of violent behavior.
Inter-Parental Conflict and Sibling Warmth during Adolescence: Associations with Female Depression in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Tucker Corinna Jenkins , Holt Melissa , Wiesen-Martin Desiree
Published: March 2013

Grounded in Grych and Fincham's cognitive appraisal theory, this study examined whether female emerging adults' ( N = 216) recalled sibling warmth moderated the relationship between exposure to inter-parental conflict in adolescence and their current depression. Findings indicated that sibling warmth moderated the relationship between the intensity and frequency of inter-parental conflict and depression, but not inter-parental conflict resolution. Compared to female emerging adults who reported lower sibling warmth, those who reported higher sibling warmth in the face of greater intensity and higher frequency of interparental conflict during adolescence had lower depression. The important role of siblings for youth from conflicted homes was highlighted.
Compliments and Receptivity to a Courtship Request: A Field Experiment
Authors: Guéguen Nicolas , Fischer-Lokou Jacques , Lamy Lubomir
Published: March 2013

160 young women were solicited in the street to have a drink with a young male confederate. In the ingratiation condition, the solicitor complimented the woman regarding her physical appearance before making the request, while in the no-compliment condition, the confederate asked his request directly. Results showed that complimenting was associated with greater compliance to the request.
Two novel aspects of the kinetics of gene expression including miRNAs
Authors: Zhdanov Vladimir
Published: March 2013

In eukaryotic cells, many genes are transcribed into non-coding RNAs. Small RNAs or, more specifically, microRNAs (miRNAs) form an abundant sub-class of such RNAs. miRNAs are transcribed as long noncoding RNA and then generated via a processing pathway down to the 20–24-nucleotide length. The key ability of miRNAs is to associate with target mRNAs and to suppress their translation and/or facilitate degradation. Using the mean-field kinetic equations and Monte Carlo simulations, we analyze two aspects of this interplay. First, we describe the situation when the formation of mRNA or miRNA is periodically modulated by a transcription factor which itself is not perturbed by these species. Depending on the ratio between the mRNA and miRNA formation rates, the corresponding induced periodic kinetics are shown to be either nearly harmonic or shaped as anti-phase pulses. The second part of the work is related to recent experimental studies indicating that differentiation of stem cells often involves changes in gene transcription into miRNAs and/or the interference between miRNAs, mRNAs and proteins. In particular, the regulatory protein obtained via mRNA translation may suppress the miRNA formation, and the latter may suppress in turn the miRNA-mRNA association and degradation. The corresponding bistable kinetics are described in detail.
Is consumption of vegetables and fruit a protective factor against kidney cancer?
Authors: Azeem Kateřina , Tomášková Hana , Horáková Dagmar , Magnusková Silvie , Ševčíková Jarmila , Janout Vladimír , Kollárová Helena
Published: March 2013

The role of vegetable and fruit consumption in the aetiology of kidney cancer was analyzed using data from a case-control study conducted in two centres in the Czech Republic between 1999 and 2003. The study comprised 300 patients with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed kidney cancer and 335 controls. Information on dietary habits was obtained using a standardized food frequency questionnaire including 23 food items. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using logistic regression models. A strong protective effect of vegetables consumption on renal cell carcinoma risk was observed among people with high consumption of fresh vegetables (OR 0.42 95% CI (0.29–0.60)) and cooked vegetables (OR 0.71, 95% CI (0.51–1.00)). The protective role of fresh fruit was significant as crude OR 0.71, 95% CI (0.50–1.00), but after adjusting for the main risk factors no association was found (OR 1.08, 95% CI (0.71–1.64)). The protective role of pickled vegetables disappeared after adjustment for the main risk factors.
Copper hydride-catalyzed reduction of electron-deficient olefins
Authors: Zheng Ai-Jun , Shan Feng-Jun , Li Zheng-Ning , Li Zeng-Chang , Jiang Lan
Published: March 2013

Copper hydride derived from CuF(PPh3)3·2MeOH-bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ethersilane can reduce electron-deficient olefins selectively and efficiently.
At Home on Safari: Colonial Spectacle, Domestic Space and 1950s Television
Authors: Wheatley Helen
Published: March 2013

This article explores the ways in which television registered, and broadcast, colonial discourse in the specific context of Kenya and Britain in the 1950s. Focusing on the wildlife programming of the husband and wife team Armand and Michaela Denis as its case study, an examination of programmes such as Filming in Africa (BBC, 1955) and On Safari (BBC, 1957–65) is offered, looking at the ways in which these programmes negotiated the transition between colonial spectacle and a cosy, domestic address for British television. The article will explore what these programmes reveal about Britain's ‘imagined Kenya’ in the final years of colonial rule, and argue that it is possible to trace a colonial lament in this form of popular entertainment on the cusp of the decolonisation of Kenya. These programmes are thus interesting as examples of colonial television, that is, domestic television broadcasting made outside the UK by programme-makers who present themselves as being simultaneously ‘at home’ and ‘abroad’ on the BBC. Importantly, the programmes aimed to bridge a perceived gap between the ‘outside world’ of colonised ‘wild’ space and the ‘inside world’ of television's interior, domestic spaces. A history of the Denises’ programmes is reconstructed by intertwining archival research into scripts, set designs, publicity materials and production notes with analyses of the programmes themselves.
Post-imperial Drama: History, Memory and Narrative in Peter Kosminsky's The Promise
Authors: McElroy Ruth
Published: March 2013

Historical television drama enjoys a privileged place in the mediation of collective, national memory as it imaginatively transports viewers from their living rooms to the time/place of earlier events. It may contest existing narratives of the nation and challenge viewers to re-think the stories told of how we arrived at the current moment. This article addresses these questions of memory and national histories through analysis of Peter Kosminsky's four-part series, The Promise (Channel 4, 2011). It tells the ‘untold’ story of the British in postwar Palestine. It comprises two parallel stories of Len Matthews, a paratrooper deployed in 1945 to Palestine, and his granddaughter, Erin, who, in the present, visits Israel whilst reading Len's diary. Through these characters, the complex, conflictual histories of the British in Palestine and the aftermath of imperial powers in the region are dramatically played out. This article approaches The Promise as post-imperial drama, that is, as a fiction based on the contested, half-forgotten, sometimes denied facts of British imperialism, and one which seeks to intervene in such post-imperial amnesia. In doing so, the article contributes to debates around British national identities and the imaginative representation of history on British television.
Bond for the Age of Global Crises: 007 in the Daniel Craig Era
Authors: Hochscherf Tobias
Published: March 2013

This article examines the dialectic between continuity and change in the first two James Bond films of the Daniel Craig era, Casino Royale (2006) and Quantum of Solace (2008), reading these as complex responses to current geopolitical, social and cultural changes. Under the influence of pervasive media representations of the era of global crises, the 007 films with Craig – more than fifteen years after the fall of the Berlin wall – appear to have finally overcome the Cold War paradigm that has been a staple of the series since it began in 1962. Admittedly, some of the challenges that Bond now faces – such as global terrorism, financial and economic instability, the effects of climate change and, in the last feature explicitly, the exacerbating tension over scarce water resources – are not entirely new to the series. But, crucially, such themes are no longer linked to the geopolitics of the Cold War and the franchise is now set within a new world order of asymmetrical threats. As well as reacting to the new global situation, however, the franchise was also required to compete with a rising number of spies and assassins in the cinema and, more particularly, on television. Many of the changes – including narrative structures, dramaturgical strategies and character development – appear to be inspired by other media images and trends, most notably ‘quality’ television series with budgets equal to many medium-sized cinema productions.
No Quarterly Can Be Too Personal: How Sequence Provided a Pragmatic Alternative to the Politique des Auteurs
Authors: Roggen Sam
Published: March 2013

This article offers a critical reassessment of Sequence, the short-lived British film journal (1946–52), which is mainly remembered because its contributors co-founded the Free Cinema movement. Sequence, however, played a crucial, but overlooked, role in the development of film theory. Its core ideas foreshadowed those of Cahiers du Cinéma, the magazine that invariably occurs in the canon as the first journal to emphasise the crucial role of the director and to re-evaluate a group of film-makers regarded as anonymous studio employees. This article, which is based on a close reading of pieces from Sequence's fourteen issues, compares its vision and policy with those of Cahiers (which it preceded), revealing deep-seated similarities between the two, from a dissatisfaction with their respective national film cultures to a preference for analyses focusing on visual style. But whilst the Sequence writers argued that the director played the cardinal role in the production process, they also opposed the Young Turks of Cahiers by never approaching films as the expression of the director's vision alone. Sequence focused on the collective nature of Hollywood production, and thus came closer to the ideas of André Bazin, who actually criticised his young disciples at Cahiers for neglecting the genius of the system. Furthermore, Sequence demonstrated the possibility of a nuanced analysis that did not sacrifice the fascination with the intense, poetic moments that escape traditional theory, thereby echoing Jean Epstein's concept of photogénie, as well as prefiguring more recent forms of cinephilia. This article argues that it is precisely Sequence's pragmatic approach that is the reason for its relative absence in traditional film theory, which is modelled as a dialectical series of radical ideas, such as those of the polemically minded Cahiers.
‘Good enough for a spot of lippy anyway’: Rape and the Body Politic inMy Brother Tom
Authors: Wilks Louise
Published: March 2013

The representation of rape continues to be one of the most highly charged issues in contemporary cinema, and whilst many discussions of this topic focus on Hollywood movies, sexual violation is also a pervasive topic in British cinema. This article examines the portrayal of a female's rape in the British feature My Brother Tom (2001), a powerful and often troubling text in which the sexual violation of the teenage female protagonist functions as a catalyst for the events that comprise the plot, as is often the case in rape narratives. The article provides an overview of some of the key feminist academic discussions and debates that cinematic depictions of rape have prompted, before closely analysing My Brother Tom's rape scene in relation to such discourses. The article argues that the rape scene is neither explicit nor sensationalised, and that by having the camera focus on Jessica's bewildered reactions, it positions the audience with her, and powerfully but discreetly portrays the grave nature of sexual abuse. The article then moves on to examine the portrayal of sexual violation in My Brother Tom as a whole, considering the cultural inscriptions etched on the female body within its account of rape, before concluding with a discussion of the film's depiction of Jessica's ensuing methods of bodily self-inscription as she attempts to disassociate her body from its sexual violation.
The Human Condition of Politics: Considering the Legacy of Hans J. Morgenthau for International Relations
Authors: Rösch Felix
Published: March 2013

Classical realism and Morgenthau in particular have recently experienced a revived interest in International Relations (IR). The evolving debate has helped to contextualise and reconstruct Morgenthau's thought which until now had been misrepresented in structural realist and early poststructuralist interpretations. However, despite all of its achievements, we have yet to draw more attention to Morgenthau's contribution to contemporary IR theory. To contribute to the closing of this research gap this article considers a set of questions which Morgenthau himself asked at the beginning of his career as its conceptual framework. It is argued that Morgenthau was particularly concerned with the dehumanisation of socio-political life in modern democracies evoked through processes of ideologisation, technologisation, and scientification, which he countered by focusing on a re-introduction of the human factor to politics. This demonstrates that Morgenthau's work is a rich source for IR theory because his intellectual agenda was driven by concerns similar to what we find in poststructuralism.
End-labeled amino terminated monotelechelic glycopolymers generated by ROMP and Cu(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition
Authors: Okoth Ronald , Basu Amit
Published: March 2013

Functionalizable monotelechelic polymers are useful materials for chemical biology and materials science. We report here the synthesis of a capping agent that can be used to terminate polymers prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization of norbornenes bearing an activated ester. The terminating agent is a cis-butene derivative bearing a Teoc (2-trimethylsilylethyl carbamate) protected primary amine. Post-polymerization modification of the polymer was accomplished by amidation with an azido-amine linker followed by Cu(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition with propargyl sugars. Subsequent Teoc deprotection and conjugation with pyrenyl isothiocyanates afforded well-defined end-labeled glycopolymers.
Modeling of Coal Drying before Pyrolysis
Authors: Kolani Damintode , Blond Eric , Gasser Alain , Rozhkova Tatiana , Landreau Matthieu
Published: March 2013

The coking process is composed of two main stages: drying process and pyrolysis of coal. A heat and mass transfer model was developed to simulate the drying process of coal. The mechanisms of heat and mass transfer described in the model are: conduction through the coal cake; conduction and convection through the gas in pores; generation, flux and condensation of water vapor. The model has been implemented in finite element software. It requires basic data on the coke oven charge properties and oven dimensions as input. These input data were obtained by experiments or from the literature. The proposed model includes condensation and evaporation allowing us to reproduce the temperature plateau observed experimentally.
Experimental Study of Temperature Effect on Oil Relative Permeability in Porous Media
Authors: Karaei Mohammad Afkhami , Ahmadi Ali , Fallah Hooman , Dabiri Abdolreza
Published: March 2013

In the modeling of thermal recovery processes of heavy oil, it is important to know the oil primary relative permeability in the reservoir; moreover we have to be aware of effects of the temperature on oil relative permeability as well.
In this study, a sand pack of quartz (SiO2) has been used to simulate and make a porous medium. Quartz is naturally water wet. During experiments there was no change in the pore volume of the media at different temperatures because of the low expansion coefficient of quartz. The fluid used in experiments is engine oil 50.
Glass pipes with length of 91cm and diameter of 2.6cm have been used in the experiments. At first, columns have been filled with sand, which sand grains had different diameters, then carbon dioxide was injected to the columns to deplete the air in the pores , then the porous media have been saturated with water to calculate the porosity using the scale model. In addition according to Darcys law in steady state, the absolute permeability was calculated.
In the next step, oil was injected to columns until the water saturation reached connate water saturation and finally, water injection was begun to get residual oil saturation (Sor). Experiments results showed that increase of temperature increases the oil relative permeability, note that wetability was constant. Increasing the temperature decreases the oil viscosity then this reduction causes the fluid to move easier and its velocity increases as well.
Modifications of Pyrolysis Boilers to Reduce Harmful Flue Gas Emissions
Authors: Müllerová Jana , Kuběna Vlastimil , Valíček Jan , Harničárová Marta , Koštial Pavel
Published: March 2013

In addition to emission level reduction, combustion process optimization by modifications of pyrolysis boilers is aimed at fuel cost decrease. Knowledge of fuel composition and fuel combustion properties is important to the optimum and economical combustion process. The levels of emissions caused by the process can be reduced by several designs and operational modifications. This paper deals with modifications of combustion equipment in order to reduce harmful flue gas emissions in a boiler MA 23. The hot water boiler MA 23 belongs to gasification boilers for dry lump wood combustion; it is intended primarily for the heating of family houses, cottages, small office buildings and other small buildings and has the maximum required heat output of 23 kW. The boiler was tested in several modes, based on the requirements of the standard EN 303-5 dealing with emission limits. A basic requirement was the implementation of technical measures described in the paper and a proposal of method of regulation of flue gas volumetric flow rate and of installation in order to keep emission levels below the required limit.
Mixed Convection Boundary Layer Flow of Viscoelastic Fluids Past a Sphere
Authors: Dasman Anisah , Mohd Kasim Abdul Rahman , Mohammad Nurul Farahain , Mangi Aurangzaib , Shafie Sharidan
Published: March 2013

The mixed convection boundary layer of a viscoelastic fluid past a sphere with constant temperature is discussed. The boundary layer equations are an order higher than those for the Newtonian (viscous) fluid and the adherence boundary conditions are insufficient to determine the solution of these equations completely. The governing non-similar partial differential equations are first transformed into dimensionless forms and then solved numerically using the Keller-box method by augmenting an extra boundary condition at infinity. Numerical results are presented for different values of the viscoelastic and mixed convection parametersKand , respectively. It is found that for cases of cooling sphere and heating sphere, the boundary layer separates from the sphere. To the best of our knowledge, this important classical problem has not been studied before for the case of a viscoelastic fluid. Thus, the results are original and new for this type of fluids.
Resistor Model for Heat Storage Coefficient
Authors: Shrotriya A.K.
Published: March 2013

In thermodynamics, the heat storage coefficient (HSC) β of a material is defined as the square root of the product of the material's thermal conductivity and its volumetric heat capacity.
A material's HSC is a measure of its ability to exchange thermal energy with its surroundings. A resistor model has been proposed by us in the following manner. In the case of soil materials, the solid particles are surrounded by fluid, or in the case of vacuum, by empty space. The HSC of such an unconsolidated system will depend on the conditions of porous media: porosity, temperature, HSC of different phases and the structure of the aggregate. The present model also yields values in good agreement with experimental results of other workers.
Microstructure and Thermal Conductivity Characteristics of Sm2Zr2O7+8YSZ Type TBCs
Authors: Moskal Grzegorz , Mikuśkiewicz Marta
Published: March 2013

The article presents results of microstructural investigations of plasma sprayed ceramic thermal barrier coatings obtained using Sm2Zr2O7+8YSZ and 8YSZ powders in 50/50, 25/75 and 75/25 proportions. The coatings thickness is evaluated and spherical, horizontal and vertical porosity is quantitatively and qualitatively characterized. The results obtained in this investigation were used for adjusted values of thermal conductivity calculations on the basis of results obtained from thermal diffusivity measurements at temperatures between 20 and 1100°C.
Simulation-Based Study on the Dynamics of Wing-Flap Actuating Hydraulic Circuit
Authors: Gronczewski Andrzej
Published: March 2013

Modern air transportation systems prove to be of numerous advantages, but there is always a risk of an air accident. Air accidents occur for many and various reasons. The group of aircraft accidents due to engineering causes, includes events directly resulting from the malfunctioning of the hydraulic circuit that controls high-lift devices. In this paper presented is a mathematic model of dynamic behaviour of a wing flap system, which has been intended to enable simulation tests with account taken of operation-induced failures/damages. Major emphasis has been put on analyses of the simulation-tested dynamics of a flap-driving hydraulic circuit, with account taken of the following defects: changes in compressibility of hydraulic fluid, internal leakages in the hydraulic cylinder, external leaks of hydraulic fluid.
An Application for Analysis of Temperature during Cold Rolling
Authors: Yevtushenko Olena
Published: March 2013

The problem of software creation for the analysis of transient temperature field in cold rolling of metals is under consideration. Firstly, the mathematical model of the process of heating the strip and rolls at cold rolling it is proposed. This model assumes that the generation of heat during the rolling takes place due to friction on the contact surface of the rolls and the strip as well as plastic deformation of the strip material. Next, some fragments of created application for the purpose of an overall numerical analysis of heat partition ratio between the rolls and a strip as well as the temperature in any point of these elements are presented.