bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gaston
Authors: Saudou Marie
Published: March 2020

La situation de rencontre avec Gaston est une illustration du naître-au-monde sur le registre du terrifiant. L’hypothèse de départ est celle d’une correspondance entre être et naître-au-monde, exister et s’arracher à, entre existence et angoisse. Le naître-au-monde est selon l’auteur une autre façon de penser le contact, la conscience ou encore l’entrée en présence dans/du monde. Le « monstrueux » dont il va être ici question, c’est ce traumatisme de la naissance, cette angoisse primordiale d’être et d’avoir à être, à habiter un « lieu » -à s’inscrire dans un temps-, où les frontières entre connu et non reconnu s’entremêlent et se brouillent. Le « monstrueux », c’est aussi ce que de se tenir en posture de champ (que ce soit à un niveau philosophique comme dans la clinique auprès des patients) donne à vivre et à souffrir : la perte de repères conceptuels connus, identifiables et communément admis dans notre façon de décrypter le monde, et l’apprivoisement de cette nouvelle donne identitaire teintée de flou et de trouées… C’est donc cette résonance entre posture de champ et angoisse existentielle à laquelle fait écho la situation exposée ci-dessous.
L’Unesco, à l’origine de l’antiracisme ? Ethnographie historique de la question raciale (1946-1952)
Authors: Cunin Elisabeth
Published: March 2020

L’Unesco est considérée comme un des principaux acteurs de l’antiracisme international qui émerge au lendemain de la seconde guerre mondiale. Pourtant, la « question raciale » n’est pas une priorité de l’institution au tournant des années 1940-1950 et celle-ci n’a jamais été en mesure de définir et de mettre en œuvre une politique claire et explicite sur le sujet. Une ethnographie historique des archives de l’Unesco à Paris, notamment au moment de la création et des premières réunions du Département des sciences sociales, révèle que ce dernier accueille les discussions sur la question raciale de façon souvent contrainte et improvisée. Loin du récit linéaire des origines de l’antiracisme, il convient donc d’insister plutôt sur l’indétermination constitutive de l’élaboration des programmes sur la race à l’Unesco entre 1946 et 1952.
Influence de l’expérience et des connaissances des administrateurs indépendants sur la performance des acquéreurs français
Authors: Krifa Naoufel , Maati Jérôme
Published: March 2020

Cet article étudie la relation entre les attributs cognitifs des administrateurs indépendants et la performance boursière des entreprises acquéreuses françaises. Les résultats montrent que les administrateurs indépendants détenant une compétence financière ou diplômés de l’ENA ou de Sciences Po influent positivement sur les rendements anormaux entourant l’annonce de l’opération de fusion-acquisition. Toutefois, l’expérience en tant que dirigeant est associée négativement aux rendements anormaux. Par ailleurs, les administrateurs indépendants ayant une expertise financière ou dans le secteur d’activité de l’entreprise acquéreuse, diplômés d’une grande école de commerce, de l’ENA, ou de Sciences Po influent positivement sur la performance post-acquisition.
Les déterminants dans l’adhésion à la Charte du Tourisme Durable
Authors: Rakotomalala-Ramandimbiarison Lova Mirella
Published: March 2020

Cette étude se propose d’identifier les variables déterminant le choix des dirigeants d’entreprises du secteur touristique de l’Ile de Sainte-Marie (Madagascar), à œuvrer dans la responsabilité sociétale, par la mise en place d’une Charte du Tourisme Durable. Elle vise aussi à mettre en valeur la spécificité de leurs engagements, aux fins d’intégrer Madagascar dans le domaine international.
Digitalisation du secteur immobilier : la proposition de valeur phygitale au cœur de la performance
Authors: Gardès Nathalie
Published: March 2020

La question de l’avenir de l’agence immobilière en tant que BM et en tant que point de vente physique est au centre des préoccupations des professionnels du secteur. Lieu de rencontre et de proximité avec le client, l’agence est aussi l’espace de la personnalisation de la relation et de l’expérience de consommation. À ce titre, elle fait partie intégrante de la Proposition de Valeur Client (PVC) d’une agence immobilière. Peu de recherches se sont intéressées aux dimensions constituant une proposition de valeur client et il n’existe pas, à notre connaissance, de travaux portant sur les PVC des agents immobiliers. Nos objectifs sont multiples : établir, par symétrie des éléments de valeur attendus par le client, les éléments constituant une PCV, identifier la structure de la PVC des agents immobiliers, analyser l’impact d’une PVC phygitale sur la performance.
Colonisation of finfish substrate inhabited by black soldier fly larvae by blow flies, bacteria, and fungi
Authors: Bernard E. , Villazana J. , Alyokhin A. , Rose J.
Published: March 2020

Black soldier fly,Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) can be used for recycling a wide variety of organic wastes. However, these wastes are also suitable for colonisation by pest fly species, including the blow flyLucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and by pathogenic microorganisms. We tested effects of the presence of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) on recruitment and retention of blow fly larvae, as well as on composition and dynamics of microbial communities in finfish-based substrates. Substrates inhabited by BSFL contained approximately one-tenth of theL. sericata pupae found in the control substrate even when BSFL were removed prior to the introduction of gravidL. sericata females. Furthermore, almost three-quarters ofL. sericata released into substrates previously colonised by BSFL emigrated within 24 h, while no such emigration was detected for the control substrates. Unlike previous studies, bacterial community was heavily dominated by Gram-positive species. Overall bacterial abundance on BSFL substrates declined approximately two-fold compared to the control substrate, while fungal abundance increased. However, surviving microbial communities were still robust and diverse, and continued to be dominated by Gram-positive bacteria. On the other hand, Gram-negativeShigella sonnei, which is a common cause of diarrhoea in humans, was more than 200 times less abundant in BSFL substrates compared to the control throughout the experiment. Repellent and antibiotic properties observed in this study are advantageous for using BSFL in remediation of finfish wastes. However, additional treatment of remaining residue may still be necessary to eliminate all biological contamination.
Affordance to Kill: Sound Agency and Auditory Experiences of a Norwegian Terrorist and American Soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan
Authors: Stoichita Victor A.
Published: March 2020

During the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, some American soldiers commonly listened to music in order to “motivate” themselves before action. Previous studies have shown that their most frequent choices to this effect pertained to two genres: “gangsta” rap and heavy metal. At another extreme of armed violence, Norwegian terrorist Anders Behring Breivik reported listening to a selection of tunes in the preparation of his 2011 massacre and possibly also during its perpetration. His musical choices sounded radically different from metal and rap. Yet, all of these styles of music had previously been associated with graphic violence throughout popular movies and video games. This paper asks how each type of music “worked” in motivating its listener for armed confrontation. The comparison requires going beyond the fact that mainstream media interact with common imaginaries of violence. The hypothesis here is that the differences between the terrorist’s and the soldier’s playlists reflect deeper contrasts in their engagements with the opponent. This case study of musical “motivation” leads to a broader discussion of the interplay between the agency of the listener, as opposed to the agency which he or she sometimes locates in the music itself.
Sound, Music, War and Violence: Listening from the Archive
Authors: Fauser Annegret
Published: March 2020

When the sonic remnants of violence and war survive in archives as being inscribed in such media as paper, it can be a challenge to engage with their aurality, all the more because subsequent audiovisual representations might overlay such embodied past experiences with different musical signifiers. Drawing on examples from the two world wars of the twentieth century, this contribution discusses which positionalities an author might embrace when listening to war and violence through the presence of music, sound, and silence in the archives.
Introduction. Son, musique et violence
Authors: Velasco-Pufleau Luis
Published: March 2020

L’écoute peut devenir un outil d’exploration, d’engagement et de connaissance sensible du monde. La musique peut être un moyen de projeter, d’encadrer et de préparer l’affrontement avec l’ennemi. De quelle façon l’étude du son et de la musique peut-elle aider à comprendre la violence collective et la guerre ? Comment l’étude de la guerre et de la violence collective peut-elle aider à comprendre l’importance des pratiques musicales et de l’écoute pour les êtres humains ? Ce numéro hors-série de Transposition propose d’explorer ces questions à partir de l’analyse des liens entre son, musique et violence.
Role of Oxidation-Reduction Processes in Formation of Toxic Properties of Natural Aqueous Environment
Authors: Skurlatov Yuri Ivanovich , Shtamm Elena Valentinovna , Travin Sergey Olegovich , Shvydkiy Vyacheslav Olegovich , Semenyak Lyudmila Vasilevna
Published: March 2020

Redox processes involving hydrogen peroxide, as oxidizing agent, and compounds of sulfur as carrier of reducing equivalents form the quality of natural waters. The inflow of reductants interacting with H2O2 can lead to a toxic quasi-reductive state. Dynamic change of redox in a natural aqueous medium is pernicious for organisms with intensive water-exchange, such as larvae of fishes, despite the concentration of dissolved oxygen being normal. Favorable conditions for “flowering” of emerging toxins blue-green alga are formed. In reductive state, copper ions become biologically unavailable. Sewage after biological cleaning are the main anthropogenic source of the reductants, mainly hydrosulphide. The natural sources of reductants are blue-green alga and the bottom sediments. The ions of Cu(I) and Fe(II) form high-strength 1:1 complexes with reduced sulfur compounds that are stable to O2 but efficiently react with H2O2. The increased content of manganese can form mixed-valence manganese species Mn(III,IV) giving super-oxidizing state of the aquatic environment, which is also toxic.
Buffer Properties of Heterogeneous Mixtures “Mineral – Natural Waters”
Authors: Povar Igor , Spinu Oxana
Published: March 2020

The provision of plants is generally assessed by the potential buffering capacity of soils in relation to the elements of plant nutrition. The main focus in this chapter is to review the developed earlier buffer theory and show how to use the for assessing and predicting the long-term phenomena of attenuation and natural remediation of ionic pollutants in contaminated aquatic ecosystems. The buffer theory is based on the rigorous thermodynamic analysis of complex chemical equilibria under environmental conditions in aquatic ecosystems, developed in the previous chapter. It has been proved that both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems manifest a buffer action towards all their components. It has been established that the buffer capacities of components are mutually proportional, whereas for heterogeneous systems these relationships depend on the stoichiometric composition of solid phases. The use of the developed buffer approach yields deeper understanding of the processes that control the concentrations of various components.
Impacts of Remediation of Halogenated Organic Compounds in Soils and Sediments
Authors: Demirtepe Hale
Published: March 2020

Halogenated hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) have been used in various industrial applications and are present in many commercial products. Due to their emissions during manufacturing and discharges as wastes, halogenated HOCs such as polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers are ubiquitously found in the environment and create contaminated sites. To remove the contamination from these sites, various remediation techniques have been useful. The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the impacts of traditional and emerging remediation techniques on ecosystem. One of the traditional remediation techniques is dredging and the mostly studied emerging remediation techniques are bioaugmentation and biostimulation. The efficiency of these techniques is also evaluated regarding reduction in contaminant mass. Overall, this chapter presents the efficiency and possible impacts of dredging, bioaugmentation and biostimulation of soils and sediments, and the implications include the evaluation of most feasible remediation techniques by using life cycle assessment.
Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles on the Degradation of Organic Dyes Under Solar Light
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Sivakumar , M. Dharani
Published: March 2020

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles prepared using simple co-precipitation method are characterized and photocatalytic activity is tested on the degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B organic pollutants. Morphological and structural properties of synthesized nanomaterial have been characterized using FESEM, EDAX spectroscopy, and XRD, while UV-visible DRS spectroscopy and photoluminescence have been used to understand their optical properties. The photocatalytic behaviour of synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated on the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) organic pollutants under solar light irradiation. The highest degradation was achieved for MB (100%) over RhB (96%). Preliminary investigation shows the effective degradation of organic pollutants by ZnO nanoparticles.
The Study of N-Nitrosoamines Formation in Model and Real Gastric Juice Systems
Authors: Gonta Maria Vasile
Published: March 2020

The formation of N-nitrosamines in gastric juice during the nitrosation of secondary amines by nitrite ions has been investigated. It has been established that the ratio of nitrosation of amines in gastric juice is higher than in model systems due to the presence of catalysts. On the nitrosation of the formed metabolites generated during the proteolysis of casein and albumin in gastric juice, the rate of this process is pH and enzyme activity dependent. The dihydroxyfumaric acid and sodium dihydroxy fumarate demonstrate inhibition properties during the formation of N-nitrosamines in gastric juice at the proteolysis of proteins in the presence of different proteolysis enzymes. The result of the comparative study demonstrates that the rate of NO2-consumption in the presence of DFH4 is the highest, while the constants of the reaction speed vary as follows kDFH4(0,94•102 M-1s-1) > kAAs (0,6•102 M-1s-1) > k (+) Ct (0,4•102 M-1s-1).
Ethnobotany
Authors: Akash  , Navneet  , Bhandari Bhupendra Singh , Bisht Surendra Singh , Mansotra Dalip Kumar
Published: March 2020

Traditional medicines and natural products from ethnomedicinal plants have great significance in recent time. Various forms of medicines like Ayurveda, traditional Chinese medicine, kampo, Unani, have been plasticising in recent days due to their effectiveness against various human ailments and also have blossomed into the regulated systems of traditional medicine. This chapter reviews the relationship of plants and humans, along with their cultural relationship and role of the traditional medicines, by exploring the methodologies and various concepts for the discovery of various drugs. Further, this will also illustrate traditional medicines that have their incomparable advantages over the modern allopathic medicines.
Role of Traditional Ethnobotanical Knowledge
Authors: Sen Uday Kumar , Bhakat Ram Kumar
Published: March 2020

In recent decades, species extinction has increased sharply. Most species in the world are discovered in tropical forests – covering more than 10% of the planet. Sustainable management and conservation efforts must include local communities and their traditional knowledge. The traditional use of forest resources, especially non-timber products such as medicinal plants, not only has deep roots in indigenous populations, but is also practiced in a broad segment of culture. Using medicinal herbs is often a costly alternative to modern medicine that is economically inevitable. This traditional use's basic knowledge is carried from one generation to the next. Medical use in particular reflects an extremely vibrant, ever-evolving process in which fresh knowledge is constantly acquired and connected to traditional methods. An instance from West Bengal's West Midnapore district in India is used to illustrate the impacts of an integrated strategy to preserving biodiversity and culture.
Plant Species Used by Locals as Ethno-Medicine in Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary, Kashmir Himalaya (India)
Authors: Wani Zishan Ahmad , Pant Shreekar
Published: March 2020

Villages in the Indian Himalayan Region have a rich repository of the indigenous knowledge and practices. Documentation of such knowledge is urgently required in view of the advent of modernization. Therefore, an attempt is made to document the indigenous uses and practices of the plants utilized by the local inhabitants of the Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary, Jammu and Kashmir., India. A total of 48 plant species belonging to 46 genera and 25 families are used traditionally to cure various diseases. Various plant parts of these species are used to cure cold, cough, fever, liver disorder, kidney stones, skin diseases, and eye and ear complaints. Such kinds of studies will help in developing a comprehensive database of the plants used traditionally, strengthening the health care system in the villages, and conserving traditional knowledge for the future.
Accounting and Finance Students' Perceptions About Active Learning in an Economics-Lecture Classroom
Authors: Moreira Sandrina B.
Published: March 2020

In higher education there is an increasing trend from teacher-centered to student-centered learning environments, wherein active learning experiences can play a decisive role. This chapter assesses how students perceive the use of active learning techniques within the lecture framework, traditionally accepting students as passive listeners. A survey was distributed in the undergraduate course of Accounting and Finance - evening classes, at the end of the semester, to evaluate and help refine the active learning approach conducted in an economics course. Students reported an overall positive response towards active learning, which helped them to focus, engage, and learn. They especially value the lectures as interactive learning experiences. Students' appraisal regarding the usefulness of key implementation rules like the what, when, who technique on slide-written instructions, as well as the variety of active learning activities tested, revealed the designing and testing of active learning events need improvement.
Project-Based Learning
Authors: Pache-Durán María , Pérez-Calderón Esteban , Galindo-Manrique Alicia Fernanda
Published: March 2020

This study focuses on the results obtained from the teacher's assessment of Project-Based Learning, a methodological approach that implies a change in the university pedagogical paradigm that affects both the teaching and learning processes. To this end, a study is carried out taking as a sample university teachers during the academic year 2018-2019. Among the results obtained, it is worth mentioning that the teacher considers the Project-Based Learning a methodology that favours in the classroom, constituting a valid alternative to improve the quality of learning in university students.
The Use of Social Media as a Tool to Capture Customer Value and Interaction
Authors: Alharahsheh Husam H. , Pius Abraham , Guenane Imad , Manian Chad
Published: March 2020

The chapter provides in depth theoretical and conceptual explanation of social media as well as firm-customer interaction through social media, highlighting several advantages and disadvantages of their uses. Furthermore, the chapter is supported using a framework relating to the development of social media channels and their uses for firms followed by inclusion of a service-based case study to further support the analysis on the communication process through social media platforms managed by the firm. Finally, the chapter highlights several challenges relevant to firm social media activities followed by key considerations based on the analysis provided in the different sections of the chapter.
Contemporary Management Approaches to the Global Hospitality and Tourism Industry
Authors: Agwu Edwin
Published: March 2020

This chapter describes how the era of brick and mortar, hitherto called the analogue years, has given way to the era of digits where everything functions with the touch of a button. From agriculture to banking, health to education, information search to manufacturing; and the hospitality and tourism sector is not left out. Information and communication technologies (ICT) has changed the way businesses are done in contemporary ways. The business environment and their managers have been challenged to think of how to integrate the opportunities posed by technology into their business models for competitive advantages.
Mystery Shopper Programs in the Tourism Sector
Authors: Katlav Eda Özgül , Aydin Şule
Published: March 2020

In today's world, there is fierce competition in the tourism sector, and therefore, the businesses need to improve their service qualities constantly and enhance their service processes to meet customer expectations swiftly and effectively. In recent years, tourism operators have been focusing on customer-oriented research and programs to avoid negative results that may be caused by unsatisfied customers. The service quality of tourism businesses is directly based on the performance of the employees; therefore, it is very important to evaluate the performances of the employees and improve service processes to avoid potential problems. Mystery shopper programs show the true picture of the services offered to the guests by the tourism businesses. Therefore, mystery shopper programs are widely used in the world for the evaluation of employees, especially in service-provider companies. The mystery shopper programs provide information on service quality, employee performance, and customer satisfaction, which is used by the businesses to improve or develop their service delivery processes.
Sustainable Tourism
Authors: Carvalho Fátima Lampreia , Fernandes Silvia Brito
Published: March 2020

This chapter compares several academic works in order to analyse if they use innovative approaches for sustainable tourism. It analyses 70 stable documents including theses, scientific papers, and reports. Some goals are assess the themes that most stand out, the contribution of academic research to the subject, and how the issues of sustainability governance and planning relate to tourism. This contributes to approach the relationship between tourism and sustainability for development. The qualitative analysis used could discern the maturity level of research on sustainability indexes. Few works use them, and, if used, most are more descriptive than quantitative. But the ones that use them have acknowledged their importance and resulting enhanced strategies, as they provide the data to decide accurately on environmental and destination matters. A challenge for the Portuguese academy is to have an ongoing role in implementing and monitoring key sustainability indices.
Data Access Management System in Azure Blob Storage and AWS S3 Multi-Cloud Storage Environments
Authors: Mansouri Yaser , Buyya Rajkumar
Published: March 2020

Multi-cloud storage offers better Quality of Service (QoS) such as availability, durability, and users' perceived latency. The exploitation of price differences across cloud-based storage services is a motivate example of storing data in different Geo-graphically data stores, where data migration is also a choice to achieve more cost optimization. However, this requires migrating data in tolerable time from the perspective of users. This chapter first proposes a comprehensive review on different classes of data stores inspiring data migration within and across data stores. Then, it presents the design of a system prototype spanned across storage services of Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure employing their RESTful APIs to store, retrieve, delete, and migrate data. Finally, the experimental results show that the data migration can be conducted in a few seconds for data with a magnitude of Megabytes.
A Legal Framework for Healthcare
Authors: Durmuş Veli , Uydaci Mert
Published: March 2020

This chapter provides a holistic general overview of the data protection regime in Turkey. Authors present the principal rights of data protection and transmission in health law and latent ethical concerns by specifying decisions of the Supreme Court in Turkey and the European Court of Human Rights on using personal data. The research describes data protection law for health care setting in Turkey. Primary and secondary data have been used for the study. The primary data includes the information collected with current national and international regulations or law. Secondary data include publications, books, journals, and empirical legal studies. Privacy and data protection regimes in health law show there are some obligations, principles, and procedures which shall be binding upon natural or legal persons who process health-related personal data.
Study of Smartcards Technology
Authors: Narayan Shaifali , Gupta Brij B.
Published: March 2020

Smart cards have gained popularity in many domains by providing different facilities in every domain. Such cards are beneficial for storing credentials and access information. The cards are easy to carry and provides easy and fast computations. The cards have certain limitations due to the possible attacks on them. This chapter gives an overview of the smartcards including its history, physical design, life cycle. It also provides an overview of the possible threats on smartcards and its application area.
Toward a Model for Ethical Cybersecurity Leadership
Authors: Cleveland Marisa , Spangler Tonia
Published: March 2020

With no clear model for ethical cybersecurity leadership, the field of cybersecurity is largely unregulated. The advances in technology and the Internet of Things come at a price—security. Since there is a lack of regulation, no clear guidelines exist. Furthermore, there is a gap in the literature to identify a set of global ethical standards for cybersecurity leaders. This article proposes an international model of ethical standards with three ethical propositions to ensure the users of technology in today's global industry remain confident in the corporations entrusted with the users' information.
Attack Detection in Cloud Networks Based on Artificial Intelligence Approaches
Authors: Yiner Zuleyha , Sertbas Nurefsan , Durukan-Odabasi Safak , Yiltas-Kaplan Derya
Published: March 2020

Cloud computing that aims to provide convenient, on-demand, network access to shared software and hardware resources has security as the greatest challenge. Data security is the main security concern followed by intrusion detection and prevention in cloud infrastructure. In this chapter, general information about cloud computing and its security issues are discussed. In order to prevent or avoid many attacks, a number of machine learning algorithms approaches are proposed. However, these approaches do not provide efficient results for identifying unknown types of attacks. Deep learning enables to learning features that are more complex, and thanks to the collection of big data as a training data, deep learning achieves more successful results. Many deep learning algorithms are proposed for attack detection. Deep networks architecture is divided into two categories, and descriptions for each architecture and its related attack detection studies are discussed in the following section of chapter.
Technology-Enhanced Learning in Cyber-Physical Systems Embedding Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Möller Dietmar P. F. , Vakilzadian Hamid
Published: March 2020

Globalization in international research and development is changing the way universities need to educate and train students. As universities prepare their graduates for the needs of the 21st century and the global market economy, they face significant pressure to overhaul their well-established traditional curriculums and adapt the conventional delivery of course materials to new methodologies appropriate for the cooperative environment. Engineering Science is an emerging area with the potential to provide graduates with the skills needed to meet the challenges of complex designs of cyber-physical systems and shorten their time to market window. To ensure that university graduates are prepared to meet the challenges of a global market, the instructional methodology needs to be broadened. Such technology-enhanced learning is required to provide engineering students with the skills, tools, and training needed to verify and validate the details of complex cyber-physical systems designs and to understand the risk involved in development of inaccurate models. The results obtained from the accurate models can be analyzed to ensure the design of a cyber-physical system will be error-free and the system developed will perform according to the design specification and requirements.
SCADA Systems Cyber Security for Critical Infrastructures
Authors: Ismail Suhaila , Sitnikova Elena , Slay Jill
Published: March 2020

Past cyber-attacks on Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems for Critical infrastructures have left these systems compromised and caused financial and economic problems. Deliberate attacks have resulted in denial of services and physical injury to the public in certain cases. This study explores the past attacks on SCADA Systems by examining nine case studies across multiple utility sectors including transport, energy and water and sewage sector. These case studies will be further analysed according to the cyber-terrorist decision-making theories including strategic, organisational and psychological theories based on McCormick (2000). Next, this study will look into cyber-terrorist capabilities in conducting attacks according to Nelson's (1999) approach that includes simple-unstructured, advance-structured and complex-coordinated capabilities. The results of this study will form the basis of a guideline that organisations can use so that they are better prepared in identifying potential future cybersecurity attacks on their SCADA systems.
Quantifying Decision Making in the Critical Infrastructure via the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Hurley John S.
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we examine the benefits of a more quantifiable way to make decisions that enable senior leaders to better manage disruption of and attacks on the critical infrastructure. Most of the decisions have been made using intuition and in some cases unrelated experiences and have not particularly worked to the benefit of the sectors' performance and stability. Much of this is due to the history of the logic control systems and networks that were fairly isolated and much better protected. Attempts to reduce costs and secure many of the benefits of IP-based environments have unfortunately now also introduced some of the vulnerabilities indicative of IP-based systems into the logic environments. Senior leaders have not been used to these new ‘hybrid' information technology/operational technology (IT/OT) environments which though creating new opportunities also introduce new challenges. The unique nature of the critical infrastructure in which it is over 80%-owned by the private sector, often regulated by the federal government, and serves the interests and demands of the public, creates a non-trivial challenge at many different levels. More trust and cooperation between the three elements of society is surely a desired interest by the key stakeholders, but there are many concerns in terms of over-regulation, costs, and loss of intellectual property that have consistently sustained a level of discomfort between the three communities in terms of the priorities and self-serving interests of each other. The challenges of the low asymmetry entry and attribution within the cyber domain have raised the profile of many actors who would not even have previously registered in the ‘noise' on a trouble or problem scale. Now, the ability to determine those responsible, as well as, almost any actor having the ability to present a challenge to the environment have changed many of the dynamics in terms of how senior leaders must now operate and manage the appropriate systems and networks. Hence, for obvious reasons, senior leaders are much more cautious in their approach to decision making because of the potential consequences. This is especially true because cyber assets, though so valuable can be also so vulnerable. In this study, we will discuss a method that moves decision from a less arbitrary to a more data-centric, quantifiable approach that drives leadership to better and quicker decisions.
An Overview on Passive Image Forensics Technology for Automatic Computer Forgery
Authors: Zhao Jie , Wang Qiuzi , Guo Jichang , Gao Lin , Yang Fusheng
Published: March 2020

Currently, with the popularity of sophisticated image editing tools like Photoshop, it is becoming very difficult to discriminate between an authentic image and its manipulated version, which poses a serious social problem of debasing the credibility of photographic images as definite records of events. Passive image forgery detection technology, as one main branch of image forensics, has been regarded as the promising research interest due to its versatility and universality. Automatic computer forgery employs computer intelligent algorithms to forge an image in an automatic way, which is rather more complex than copy-move forgery since the source of duplicated region could be non-continuous. In this paper, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art passive detection methods for automatic computer forgery.
Autonomic Computing Architecture for SCADA Cyber Security
Authors: Nazir Sajid , Patel Shushma , Patel Dilip
Published: March 2020

Autonomic computing paradigm is based on intelligent computing systems that can autonomously take actions under given conditions. These technologies have been successfully applied to many problem domains requiring autonomous operation. One such area of national interest is SCADA systems that monitor critical infrastructures such as transportation networks, large manufacturing, business and health facilities, power generation, and distribution networks. The SCADA systems have evolved into a complex, highly connected system requiring high availability. On the other hand, cyber threats to these infrastructures have increasingly become more sophisticated, extensive and numerous. This highlights the need for newer measures that can proactively and autonomously react to an impending threat. This article proposes a SCADA system framework to leverage autonomic computing elements in the architecture for coping with the current challenges and threats of cyber security.
On More Paradigms of Steganalysis
Authors: Zhao Xianfeng , Zhu Jie , Yu Haibo
Published: March 2020

Up to now, most researches on steganalysis concentrate on one extreme case. Typically, the a priori knowledge of the embedding way and cover-media is assumed known in the classifier training and even feature design stage. However, the steganalysis in the real world is done with different levels of such knowledge so that there can be various paradigms for doing it. Although some researchers have addressed the situations, there is still a lack of a systematic approach to defining the various paradigms. In this paper, the authors give such an approach by first defining four extreme paradigms, and then defining the rest among them. Each paradigm is related with two sets of assumed known a priori knowledge respectively about the steganographic algorithm and cover-media, and each paradigm corresponds to a particular case of steganalysis. Also we will see that different paradigms can have very different aims so that the designs may be various.
Copy-Move Forgery Detection Using DyWT
Authors: Prakash Choudhary Shyam , Maheshkar Sushila
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we proposed a passive method for copy-move region duplication detection using dyadic wavelet transform (DyWT). DyWT is better than discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for data analysis as it is shift invariant. Initially we decompose the input image into approximation (LL1) and detail (HH1) sub-bands. Then LL1 and HH1 sub-bands are divided into overlapping sub blocks and find the similarity between the blocks. In LL1 sub-band the copied and moved blocks have high similarity rate than the HH1 sub-band, this is just because, there is noise inconsistency in the moved blocks. Then we sort the LL1 sub-band blocks pair based on high similarity and in HH1 blocks are sorted based on high dissimilarity. Then we apply threshold to get the copied moved blocks. Here we also applied some post processing operations to check the robustness of our method and we get the satisfactory results to validate the copy move forgery detection.
Advanced Threat Detection Based on Big Data Technologies
Authors: Shetty Madhvaraj M. , H. Manjaiah D.
Published: March 2020

Today constant increase in number of cyber threats apparently shows that current countermeasures are not enough to defend it. With the help of huge generated data, big data brings transformative potential for various sectors. While many are using it for better operations, some of them are noticing that it can also be used for security by providing broader view of vulnerabilities and risks. Meanwhile, deep learning is coming up as a key role by providing predictive analytics solutions. Deep learning and big data analytics are becoming two high-focus of data science. Threat intelligence becoming more and more effective. Since it is based on how much data collected about active threats, this reason has taken many independent vendors into partnerships. In this chapter, we explore big data and big data analytics with its benefits. And we provide a brief overview of deep analytics and finally we present collaborative threat Detection. We also investigate some aspects of standards and key functions of it. We conclude by presenting benefits and challenges of collaborative threat detection.
Big Data Analytics Platforms for Electric Vehicle Integration in Transport Oriented Smart Cities
Authors: Hussain Md Muzakkir , Beg M.M. Sufyan , Alam Mohammad Saad , Laskar Shahedul Haque
Published: March 2020

Electric vehicles (EVs) are key players for transport oriented smart cities (TOSC) powered by smart grids (SG) because they help those cities to become greener by reducing vehicle emissions and carbon footprint. In this article, the authors analyze different use-cases to show how big data analytics (BDA) can play vital role for successful electric vehicle (EV) to smart grid (SG) integration. Followed by this, this article presents an edge computing model and highlights the advantages of employing such distributed edge paradigms towards satisfying the store, compute and networking (SCN) requirements of smart EV applications in TOSCs. This article also highlights the distinguishing features of the edge paradigm, towards supporting BDA activities in EV to SG integration in TOSCs. Finally, the authors provide a detailed overview of opportunities, trends, and challenges of both these computing techniques. In particular, this article discusses the deployment challenges and state-of-the-art solutions in edge privacy and edge forensics.
A Case for Using Blended Learning and Development Techniques to Aid the Delivery of a UK Cybersecurity Core Body of Knowledge
Authors: Bird David A , Curry John
Published: March 2020

This article explores the UK's current approach in addressing the cybersecurity skills gap championed by the National Cyber Security Strategy. There have been progressive and elaborate steps taken in the UK toward professionalization of the cybersecurity field. However, cybersecurity knowledge has been labelled as inconsistent when a cybersecurity Chartered status is being proposed. The objective of this analysis was to apply an academic lens over the UK's voyage towards the establishment of a cybersecurity profession. It has been an ambitious but complex endeavor that at times has had alterations of course. Learning from this experience, a blended learning and development approach is now recommended underpinned by an overarching core knowledge framework. Such a framework could join up the existing silos of learning and development activities to benefit from, and build upon, a coherent core knowledge-base for the community. It is argued that this will provide a more satisfactory outcome to enhance the UK's cybersecurity capability on the road to a cybersecurity profession.
The Need for Higher Education in Cyber Supply Chain Security and Hardware Assurance
Authors: Cohen Brian , Albert Michelle G. , McDaniel Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2020

Higher education curricula, specialized degrees, and certificate programs related to cybersecurity are proliferating in response to student demand; faculty interest and expertise; employer demand; government and industry standards and funding; and the expectations of specialized, state, or regional accrediting agencies. These expanding academic programs, however, do not adequately address supply chain threats that affect national security. The authors assert that cyber supply chain risk management (C-SCRM), with a focus on hardware assurance, should be considered a critical aspect of cybersecurity and be included in higher education curricula to prepare the future cyber workforce to face challenges related to supply chain security and hardware assurance.
Bioterrorism, Bio Crimes and Politics
Authors: Kawalya Hakiimu
Published: March 2020

Right from the onset, man woke up to a strenuous and hostile surrounding. He had to swiftly learn that just like the planet upon which his life hinged possessed enormous attractive endowments, so was it rich in hostility. Given its delicate nature humanity therefore had to adapt particular ways of living for survival and inevitably has since then evolved over thousands of years into the so called Homo-sapiens or modern man. Undoubtedly as modern man's continued trajectory to transformation gave birth to philosophy and science along with the icing that came with it, man finds himself entangled in a more complex and chaotic web with threats far greater than his imagination. One such a threat is biological weaponry a product of science that has potential to be used as a tool to orchestrate murder, terror and other sophisticated crimes. Owing to the vast amount of resources required to assemble these biological weapons it's fervently rare to find an ordinary individual utilizing them, instead governments and of recent some heavily financed terrorist groups can harness the catastrophic potential of these weapons to destroy both local and foreign adversaries. In a world stirred up with tensions, the powerful ones are amassing weapons of every caliber to rise above perceived enemies, yet rocket speed advancing biotechnology is making the manufacturing of biological weapons easier and consequently proliferation of biological war material is becoming inevitable. Therefore whereas the world health organization and United Nation are grappling with keeping biological science generated terror or crimes under check, it is high time the world started viewing them in light of the actual threat they pose today as tools exploitable in the notion of politicking.
Cybercrime as a Threat to Zimbabwe's Peace and Security
Authors: Kurebwa Jeffrey , Tanhara Jacqueline Rumbidzai
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of cybercrime to Zimbabwe's peace and security. In the 21st century, cybercrime has become an international threat. This has necessitated many states to enact legislation and other measures to curb cybercrime. Primary data was gathered through key informant interviews, while documentary search was used to review scholarly literature on the subject. Key informants for the study were drawn from institutions that deal in combating cybercrime. Zimbabwe does not have adequate and effective legislative instruments to combat cybercrime. Cybercrime is a threat to peace and security as it can be used to bring down critical infrastructure and disrupt communication networks of the country. Some of the measures identified to curbing cybercrime include prevention and awareness, training and development, development of new technology and introduction of new laws, and updating of current and introduction of new legislations.
Why Is ISIS so Psychologically Attractive?
Authors: Neo Loo Seng , Shi Priscilla , Dillon Leevia , Tan Jethro , Wang Yingmin , Gomes Danielle
Published: March 2020

Since the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) became prominent after the release of beheading videos of its prisoners, many have been confused over how to describe this development in relation to the way the Internet is exploited by violent extremists. While the element of surprise and horror lingered on the minds of many observers, a more pressing question facing the law enforcement is: how does ISIS attract foreign fighters using such videos and online propaganda? As countries around the globe grapple with the security threat posed by their nationals travelling to join ISIS, the need to be au fait with the appeal of ISIS and its ability to use the Internet to recruit new members and sympathisers becomes even more apparent. This chapter uses a behavioural sciences lens to explicate how individual and organisational motivational factors may contribute to the overall appeal of joining ISIS.
A Socio-Technical Perspective on Threat Intelligence Informed Digital Forensic Readiness
Authors: Serketzis Nikolaos , Katos Vasilios , Ilioudis Christos , Baltatzis Dimitrios , Pangalos George J
Published: March 2020

In this article, a DFR framework is proposed focusing on the prioritization, triaging and selection of Indicators of Compromise (IoC) to be used when investigating of security incidents. A core component of the framework is the contextualization of the IoCs to the underlying organization, which can be achieved with the use of clustering and classification algorithms and a local IoC database.
ISIS Rhetoric for the Creation of the Ummah
Authors: Georges Amaryllis Maria
Published: March 2020

I intend to examine the linguistic strategy used by ISIS as a means through which it creates the concept of the Muslim Ummah, which seeks to emphasize the unity of an international Muslim community based off the power of Islam. I apply a Critical Discourse Analysis for the study of Baghdadi's sermon on 4 July 2014 where he declared the establishment of the Caliphate and himself as the Caliph. Baghdadi's discourse creates a new communal identity from a Muslim populace who may have felt marginalized due to their religion in their countries of residence. It is through this discourse that he structures the Ummah loyal to the Caliphate in two ways: a) by summoning Islam to create a singular global Muslim body and the establishment of a Caliphate; and b) the structuring of an indiscriminate opponent, one that conflicts with the “camp of Islam”. The method of convincing and generating consent – of institutionalizing jihad - goes beyond propaganda; it necessitates the formation of an entirely novel lexicon, a narrative that fosters support while concurrently quashing any singular qualms.