bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sudden bilateral hearing loss after spinal anaesthesia
Authors: Sahin C , Terzioglu U , Yigit G
Published: February 2015

Background:

Spinal anaesthesia is one of the most widely used regional anaesthesia techniques. Sudden bilateral hearing loss following spinal anaesthesia has only been reported in a few cases.

Case report:

This paper reports the case of a 50-year-old woman who developed sudden bilateral hearing loss following spinal anaesthesia for hallux valgus orthopaedic surgery. This is followed by a literature review.

Results:

The patient's hearing improved almost completely on the morning of the 3rd day following surgery. No recurrence of hearing loss, tinnitus or vertigo was reported during the six-month follow-up period.

Conclusion:

Some complications regarding hearing may emerge after spinal anaesthesia. The possibility of hearing loss after spinal anaesthesia should be taken into consideration. Complaints such as hearing loss, tinnitus or vertigo should be taken seriously when reported, and the patient should be referred to an ENT clinic. This will ensure early diagnosis and treatment.
The European eel may tolerate multiple infections at a low biological cost
Authors: MAYO-HERNÁNDEZ ELVIRA , SERRANO EMMANUEL , PEÑALVER JOSE , GARCÍA-AYALA ALFONSA , RUIZ DE YBÁÑEZ ROCÍO , MUÑOZ PILAR
Published: February 2015

Most animals are concurrently infected with multiple parasites, and interactions among them may influence both disease dynamics and host fitness. However, the sublethal costs of parasite infections are difficult to measure and the effects of concomitant infections with multiple parasite species on individual physiology and fitness are poorly described for wild hosts. To understand the costs of co-infection, we investigated the relationships among 189 European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from Mar Menor, parasites (richness and intensity) and eel's ‘health status’ (fluctuant asymmetry, splenic somatic index and the scaled mass index) by partial least squares regression. We found a positive relationship with 44% of the health status variance explained by parasites.Contracaecumsp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) was the strongest predictor variable (44·72%) followed byBucephalus anguillae(Platyhelminthes: Bucephalidae), (29·26%), considered the two most relevant parasites in the analysis. Subsequently, 15·67 and 12·01% of the response variables block were explained by parasite richness andDeropristis inflata(Platyhelminthes: Deropristiidae), respectively. Thus, the presence of multiple parasitic exposures with little effect on condition, strongly suggests that eels from Mar Menor tolerate multiparasitism.
Axonal myelin increase in the callosal genu in depression but not schizophrenia
Authors: Williams M. R. , Sharma P. , Fung K. L. , Pearce R. K. B. , Hirsch S. R. , Maier M.
Published: February 2015

Background

Abnormalities in the anterior inter-hemispheric connectivity have previously been implicated in major depressive disorder. Disruptions in fractional anisotropy in the callosum and fornix have been reported in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. Oligodendrocyte density and overall size of the callosum and fornix show no alteration in either illness, suggesting that gross morphology is unchanged but more subtle organizational disruption may exist within these brain regions in mood and affective disorders.

Method

Using high-resolution oil-immersion microscopy we examined the cross-sectional area of the nerve fibre and the axonal myelin sheath, and using standard high-resolution light microscopy we measured the density of myelinated axons. These measurements were made in the genu of the corpus callosum and the medial body of the fornix at its most dorsal point. Measures were taken in the sagittal plane in the callosal genu and in the coronal plane at the most dorsal part of the fornix body.

Results

Cases of major depressive disorder had significantly greater mean myelin cross-sectional area (p = 0.017) and myelin thickness (p = 0.004) per axon in the genu than in control or schizophrenia groups. There was no significant change in the density of myelinated axons, and no changes observed in the fornix.

Conclusion

The results suggest a clear increase of myelin in the axons of the callosal genu in MDD, although this type of neuropathological study is unable to clarify whether this is caused by changes during life or has a developmental origin.
SELF-MADE MAIDS: BRITISH EMIGRATION TO THE PACIFIC RIM AND SELF-HELP NARRATIVES
Authors: Walker Melissa
Published: February 2015

The victorian discourse of self-help, popularized by Samuel Smiles in the mid-nineteenth century, was integral to the success of mid-Victorian British emigration and colonialism. As Robert Hogg notes in his study of British colonial violence in British Columbia and Queensland, Samuel Smiles's notion of character, which embraced the virtues of hard work, perseverance, self-reliance, and energetic action, helped sanction masculine colonial violence and governance in these regions (23–24). According to Robert Grant in his examination of mid-Victorian emigration to Canada and Australia, one's desire “to better him or herself” was closely entwined with Smiles's self-help philosophy and the rhetoric of colonial promotion permeating British self-help texts “in the projection of the laborer's progress from tenant to smallholder to successful landowner through hard work” (178–79). Francine Tolron similarly observes the pervasiveness of the success narrative in emigrant accounts of New Zealand, noting that this story often constitutes “yet another tale of the British march of Progress” (169) with the yeoman, John Bull, as the hero at its centre, who adopts the imperialist impetus to subdue the wilderness and recreate an ideal England in which a man can earn gentility through hard work and uprightness of character (169–70). She extends accounts by male emigrants to New Zealand to the “collective psyche” of all New Zealanders “whose stuff is made up of earth, so to speak, the inheritors of the old archetypal Englishman who worked on the land before the dawn of the industrial era” (173). These studies contribute significantly to a growing body of scholarship that considers the connections between self-help literature and British emigration and colonialism. Yet, occasionally such analyses apply the meaning of self-help rhetoric universally across British male and female emigrant groups when the rise from tenant to landowner was typically a male, not a female, prerogative. Building on this important body of work, this paper considers how domestic concerns, rather than a sole focus on controlling foreign lands and people, informed versions of success penned by a particular group of mid-Victorian middle-class female emigrants and these women's understanding of their positioning within the colonies.
Rising trends of obesity and abdominal obesity in 10 years of follow-up among Tehranian adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)
Authors: Barzin Maryam , Keihani Sorena , Hosseinpanah Farhad , Serahati Sara , Ghareh Sahar , Azizi Fereidoun
Published: February 2015

Objective

Some recent studies have shown stablity or declining trends in obesity while others still report increasing trends. The present study aimed to investigate the trends of obesity and abdominal obesity in Tehranian adults during a median follow-up of 10 years.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Community-based data collection from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).

Subjects

Participants from four phases of the TLGS from 1999 to 2011 (n10 368), aged ≥20 years.

Results

The crude prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity increased from 23·1 % and 47·9 % at baseline to 34·1 % and 71·1 % at the end of follow-up, respectively. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to analyse the correlated data and calculate the relative risks (RR). Risks of obesity and abdominal obesity increased over the whole study period for men (RR=1·62; 95 % CI 1·49, 1·76 and RR=1·46; 95 % CI 1·41, 1·52, respectively) and women (RR=1·24; 95 % CI 1·19, 1·29 and RR=1·22; 95 % CI 1·18, 1·27, respectively). These rising trends were observed in all subgroups regardless of age, marital status and educational level.

Conclusions

Trends of obesity and abdominal obesity are increasing in Tehranian adults during a decade of follow-up in both genders and in all study subgroups. These results underscore the still growing obesity epidemic in the capital of Iran, calling for urgent action to educate people in lifestyle modifications and the need for effective preventive and educational strategies on obesity.
A Big Bird effect? The interaction among public broadcasting, public subsidies, and political knowledge
Authors: O’Mahen Patrick
Published: February 2015

Policymakers in industrialized democracies often debate the efficacy of subsidizing public broadcasters. Surprisingly however, past media and politics research analyzing the effects of public broadcasting on political knowledge does not isolate the effect of subsidies and instead treats all public broadcasters as equals. This study theorizes that subsidized public broadcasters have to worry less about competing with entertainment-oriented commercial broadcasters for advertising revenue than their unsubsidized peers. As a result, they can focus on providing more comprehensive public affairs coverage instead of only worrying about attracting the largest possible audience. To test this theory, I use Eurobarometer data measuring knowledge, media consumption, and demographic variables from 14 countries. I find that watching public broadcasting increases knowledge levels among citizens, while decreasing gaps in knowledge between citizens caused by varying levels of education, income, gender, and political interest. However, as predicted, these benefits only occur in countries that provide significant subsidies for their public broadcasters.
Radome-covered substrate-integrated cavity-backed patch antenna surrounded by dielectric material
Authors: Asad Muhammad Javid , Shafique Muhammad Farhan
Published: February 2015

The substrate-integrated cavity-backed patch antenna embedded in dielectric-coated structure is presented. The aperture of antenna is covered with composite radome. The close proximity of radome to antenna severely degrades input impedance matching. The dielectric coating, a thick dielectric material, significantly deteriorates radiation pattern of antenna due to propagation of surface waves in the surrounding dielectric coating. The proposed planar electromagnetic bandgap structure reduces the propagation of surface waves in the dielectric coating recovering deterioration in the radiation pattern of the antenna. The problem of input impedance mismatching of antenna is resolved by placing a metallic strip on the top of the radome. The simulated results are in good agreement with measured results.
Hypoxia-Induced Neuroinflammatory White-Matter Injury Reduced by Minocycline in SHR/SP
Authors: Jalal Fakhreya Y , Yang Yi , Thompson Jeffrey F , Roitbak Tamara , Rosenberg Gary A
Published: February 2015

Hypertensive small vessel disease is a major cause of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Spontaneously hypertensive/stroke prone rats (SHR/SP) with unilateral carotid artery occlusion (UCAO) and a Japanese permissive diet (JPD) have white-matter (WM) damage similar to that seen in VCI. We hypothesized that WM injury was due to hypoxia-mediated, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Twelve-week-old SHR/SP had UCAO/JPD and were studied with immunohistochemistry, biochemistry, multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and Morris water maze (MWM) testing. One week after UCAO/JPD, WM showed a significant increase in hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which increased further by 3 weeks. Prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD2) expression decreased at 1 and 3 weeks. Infiltrating T cells and neutrophils appeared around endothelial cells from 1 to 3 weeks after UCAO/JPD, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) colocalized with inflammatory cells. At 3 weeks, WM immunostained for IgG, indicating BBB leakage. Minocycline (50 mg/kg intraperitoeally) was given every other day from weeks 12 to 20. Multimodal MRI showed that treatment with minocycline significantly reduced lesion size and improved cerebral blood flow. Minocycline improved performance in the MWM and prolonged survival. We propose that BBB disruption occurred secondary to hypoxia, which induced an MMP-9-mediated infiltration of leukocytes. Minocycline significantly reduced WM damage, improved behavior, and prolonged life.
Sustained Functional Improvement by Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Like Small Molecule BB3 after Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats and Mice
Authors: Chaparro Rafael E , Izutsu Miwa , Sasaki Toshihiro , Sheng Huaxin , Zheng Yi , Sadeghian Homa , Qin Tao , von Bornstadt Daniel , Herisson Fanny , Duan Bin , Li Jing-Song , Jiang Kai , Pearlstein Molly , Pearlstein Robert D , Smith David E , Goldberg Itzhak D , Ayata Cenk , Warner David S
Published: February 2015

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), efficacious in preclinical models of acute central nervous system injury, is burdened by administration of full-length proteins. A multiinstitutional consortium investigated the efficacy of BB3, a small molecule with HGF-like activity that crosses the blood-brain barrier in rodent focal ischemic stroke using Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) and Good Laboratory Practice guidelines. In rats, BB3, begun 6 hours after temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) reperfusion, or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) onset, and continued for 14 days consistently improved long-term neurologic function independent of sex, age, or laboratory. BB3 had little effect on cerebral infarct size and no effect on blood pressure. BB3 increased HGF receptor c-Met phosphorylation and synaptophysin expression in penumbral tissue consistent with a neurorestorative mechanism from HGF-like activity. In mouse tMCAO, BB3 starting 10 minutes after reperfusion and continued for 14 days improved neurologic function that persisted for 8 weeks in some, but not all measures. Study in animals with comorbidities and those exposed to common stroke drugs are the next steps to complete preclinical assessment. These data, generated in independent, masked, and rigorously controlled settings, are the first to suggest that the HGF pathway can potentially be harnessed by BB3 for neurologic benefit after ischemic stroke.
Sub-wavelength terahertz beam profiling of a THz source via an all-optical knife-edge technique
Authors: Phing Sze Ho , Mazhorova Anna , Shalaby Mostafa , Peccianti Marco , Clerici Matteo , Pasquazi Alessia , Ozturk Yavuz , Ali Jalil , Morandotti Roberto
Published: February 2015

Terahertz technologies recently emerged as outstanding candidates for a variety of applications in such sectors as security, biomedical, pharmaceutical, aero spatial, etc. Imaging the terahertz field, however, still remains a challenge, particularly when sub-wavelength resolutions are involved. Here we demonstrate an all-optical technique for the terahertz near-field imaging directly at the source plane. A thin layer (<100 nm-thickness) of photo carriers is induced on the surface of the terahertz generation crystal, which acts as an all-optical, virtual blade for terahertz near-field imaging via a knife-edge technique. Remarkably and in spite of the fact that the proposed approach does not require any mechanical probe, such as tips or apertures, we are able to demonstrate the imaging of a terahertz source with deeply sub-wavelength features (<30 μm) directly in its emission plane.
Families of Nuclear Receptors in Vertebrate Models: Characteristic and Comparative Toxicological Perspective
Authors: Zhao Yanbin , Zhang Kun , Giesy John P. , Hu Jianying
Published: February 2015

Various synthetic chemicals are ligands for nuclear receptors (NRs) and can cause adverse effects in vertebrates mediated by NRs. While several model vertebrates, such as mouse, chicken, western clawed frog and zebrafish, are widely used in toxicity testing, few NRs have been well described for most of these classes. In this report, NRs in genomes of 12 vertebrates are characterized via bioinformatics approaches. Although numbers of NRs varied among species, with 40–42 genes in birds to 66–74 genes in teleost fishes, all NRs had clear homologs in human and could be categorized into seven subfamilies defined as NR0B-NR6A. Phylogenetic analysis revealed conservative evolutionary relationships for most NRs, which were consistent with traditional morphology-based systematics, except for some exceptions in Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Evolution of PXR and CAR exhibited unexpected multiple patterns and the existence of CAR possibly being traced back to ancient lobe-finned fishes and tetrapods (Sarcopterygii). Compared to the more conservative DBD of NRs, sequences of LBD were less conserved: Sequences of THRs, RARs and RXRs were ≥90% similar to those of the human, ERs, AR, GR, ERRs and PPARs were more variable with similarities of 60%–100% and PXR, CAR, DAX1 and SHP were least conserved among species.
Diversity trends in bread wheat in Italy during the 20th century assessed by traditional and multivariate approaches
Authors: Ormoli Leonardo , Costa Corrado , Negri Stefano , Perenzin Maurizio , Vaccino Patrizia
Published: February 2015

A collection of 157 Triticum aestivum accessions, representative of wheat breeding in Italy during the 20th century, was assembled to describe the evolutionary trends of cultivated varieties throughout this period. The lines were cultivated in Italy, in two locations, over two growing seasons and evaluated for several agronomical, morphological and qualitative traits. Analyses were conducted using the most common univariate approach on individual plant traits coupled with a correspondance multivariate approach. ANOVA showed a clear trend from old to new varieties, leading towards earliness, plant height reduction and denser spikes with smaller seeds. The average protein content gradually decreased over time; however this trend did not affect bread-making quality, because it was counterbalanced by a gradual increase of SDS sedimentation volume, achieved by the incorporation of favourable alleles into recent cultivars. Correspondence analysis allowed an overall view of the breeding activity. A clear-cut separation was observed between ancient lines and all the others, matched with a two-step gradient, the first, corresponding roughly to the period 1920–1940, which can be ascribed mostly to genetics, the second, from the 40s onward, which can be ascribed also to the farming practice innovations, such as improvement of mechanical devices and optimised use of fertilizers.
A facile photopolymerization method for fabrication of pH and light dual reversible stimuli-responsive surfaces
Authors: Wu Shaopeng , Zhu Xiaoqun , Yang Jinliang , Nie Jun
Published: February 2015

This study proposes a simple and facile two-stage photopolymerization method for fabrication of pH and light dual reversible stimuli-responsive surfaces.
Activation of C–H and B–H bonds through agostic bonding: an ELF/QTAIM insight
Authors: Zins Emilie-Laure , Silvi Bernard , Alikhani M. Esmaïl
Published: February 2015

X–H agostic bonding: a topological insight.
Reduction of secondary and tertiary phosphine oxides to phosphines
Authors: Hérault Damien , Nguyen Duc Hanh , Nuel Didier , Buono Gérard
Published: February 2015

In this review, we summarise all the methods of phosphine oxide reduction and discuss their mechanistic aspects.
Emerging energy and environmental applications of vertically-oriented graphenes
Authors: Bo Zheng , Mao Shun , Jun Han Zhao , Cen Kefa , Chen Junhong , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: February 2015

This tutorial review summarizes plasma synthesis of vertically-oriented graphenes, their growth mechanisms and unique properties for energy and environmental applications.
In situ characterization of uranium and americium oxide solid solution formation for CRMP process: first combination of in situ XRD and XANES measurements
Authors: Caisso Marie , Picart Sébastien , Belin Renaud C. , Lebreton Florent , Martin Philippe M. , Dardenne Kathy , Rothe Jörg , Neuville Daniel R. , Delahaye Thibaud , Ayral André
Published: February 2015

First results on mineralization of (U,Am) loaded resin microspheres are presented in this paper.
Stepwise assembly of a semiconducting coordination polymer [Cd8S(SPh)14(DMF)(bpy)]n and its photodegradation of organic dyes
Authors: Xu Chao , Hedin Niklas , Shi Hua-Tian , Xin ZhiFeng , Zhang Qian-Feng
Published: February 2015

A semiconducting coordination polymer with 1D helical structure was constructed by stepwise assembly of chalcogenolate clusters and organic linkers.
The effect of different alkyl chains on the photovoltaic performance of D–π–A porphyrin-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Chen Jiangzhao , Ko Songguk , Liu Linfeng , Sheng Yusong , Han Hongwei , Li Xiong
Published: February 2015

Compared to the DSSCs based on WH-C1 and YD20 with short alkyl chains, the device sensitized by WH-C2 with the hexyloxy group shows a significantly enhanced Voc, Jsc and power conversion efficiency (η).
The effect of molecular composition and crosslinking on adhesion of a bio-inspired adhesive
Authors: Yang Juan , Keijsers Jaap , van Heek Maarten , Stuiver Anthonie , Cohen Stuart Martien A. , Kamperman Marleen
Published: February 2015

Catechol-containing polymers with a crosslinked structure were obtained by free radical polymerization. Optimal adhesion properties were obtained at a catechol composition of 5 mol%.
Synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymer embedded composite cryogel discs: application for the selective extraction of cypermethrins from aqueous samples prior to GC-MS analysis
Authors: Shaikh Huma , Andaç Müge , Memon Najma , Bhanger Muhammad Iqbal , Nizamani Shafi Muhammad , Denizli Adil
Published: February 2015

Molecularly imprinted particles embedded composite cryogel discs specific for α-cypermethrin and β-cypermethrin were prepared.
Porous carbon nanofibers formed in situ by electrospinning with a volatile solvent additive into an ice water bath for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Huang Ling , Cheng Jianli , Qu Guoxing , Li Xiaodong , Hu Yang , Ni Wei , Yuan Demao , Zhang Yun , Wang Bin
Published: February 2015

In situ-formed porous carbon nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning with a volatile solvent additive into an ice water bath.
Inhibiting gas hydrate formation using small molecule ice recrystallization inhibitors
Authors: Tonelli Devin , Capicciotti Chantelle J. , Doshi Malay , Ben Robert N.
Published: February 2015

Carbohydrate-based inhibitors of ice recrystallization also inhibit the formation of methane gas hydrates.
Redesigning the synthesis of vidarabine via a multienzymatic reaction catalyzed by immobilized nucleoside phosphorylases
Authors: Serra Immacolata , Daly Simona , Alcantara Andres R. , Bianchi Davide , Terreni Marco , Ubiali Daniela
Published: February 2015

The comparison between the biocatalyzed synthesis of araA here described and the chemical synthesis of this nucleoside showed that the enzymatic route is superior (less steps, milder conditions and reagents, easier downstream, lowerE-factor).
Structure-based virtual screening and ADME/T-based profiling for low molecular weight chemical starting points as p21-activated kinase 4 inhibitors
Authors: Li Ruijuan , Su Xiaolin , Chen Zheng , Huang Wanxu , Wang Yali , Wang Kaibo , Lin Bin , Wang Jian , Cheng Maosheng
Published: February 2015

Novel PAK4 inhibitors were discovered using structure-based virtual screening approach for further chemical modification.
Development of silica grafted poly(1,8-octanediol-co-citrates) hybrid elastomers with highly tunable mechanical properties and biocompatibility
Authors: Du Yuzhang , Ge Juan , Shao Yongping , Ma Peter X. , Chen Xiaofeng , Lei Bo
Published: February 2015

By a facile polymerization, we synthesized a series of silica grafted poly (1,8-octanediol-co-citrate) (SPOC) hybrid elastomers with highly tunable physicochemical properties and bioactivities.
The real-time in vivo electrochemical measurement of nitric oxide and carbon monoxide release upon direct epidural electrical stimulation of the rat neocortex
Authors: Park Sarah S. , Hong Minyoung , Ha Yejin , Sim Jeongeun , Jhon Gil-Ja , Lee Youngmi , Suh Minah
Published: February 2015

This study reports real-time,in vivofunctional measurement of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), two gaseous mediators in controlling vascular function.
An electrochemical analyzer for in situ flow determination of Pb(ii) and Cd(ii) in lake water with on-line data transmission and a global positioning system
Authors: Bezerra dos Santos Vagner , Fava Elson Luiz , Sá de Miranda Curi Newton , Faria Ronaldo Censi , Guerreiro Thiago Brito , Fatibello-Filho Orlando
Published: February 2015

A potentiostat/galvanostat with wireless data transmission and a GPS receiver was applied to in situ flow analyses.
Effective separation of the actinides Am(iii) and Cm(iii) by electronic modulation of bis-(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)phenanthrolines
Authors: Afsar Ashfaq , Harwood Laurence M. , Hudson Michael J. , Westwood James , Geist Andreas
Published: February 2015

It has been shown that modification of the phenanthroline backbone of CyMe4-BTPhen leads to subtle electronic modulation, permitting differential ligation of Am(iii) and Cm(iii) resulting in separation factors up to 7.
Interaction of gas phase oxalic acid with ammonia and its atmospheric implications
Authors: Peng Xiu-Qiu , Liu Yi-Rong , Huang Teng , Jiang Shuai , Huang Wei
Published: February 2015

The temperature effects could contribute to the variation of the relative populations of the isomers, thus the temperature dependence of the thermodynamic properties is an important parameter to understand the roles of the specific nucleation mechanisms at various atmospheric temperatures.
Response of a chemical wave to local pulse irradiation in the ruthenium-catalyzed Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction
Authors: Nakata Satoshi , Suzuki Shogo , Ezaki Takato , Kitahata Hiroyuki , Nishi Kei , Nishiura Yasumasa
Published: February 2015

The speed of chemical wave propagation characteristically responds to the bright or dark pulse irradiation.
Ethylene polymerization by the thermally unique 1-[2-(bis(4-fluoro phenyl)methyl)-4,6-dimethylphenylimino]-2-aryliminoacenaphthylnickel precursors
Authors: Du Shizhen , Xing Qifeng , Flisak Zygmunt , Yue Erlin , Sun Yang , Sun Wen-Hua
Published: February 2015

Finely tuned substituents within ligands control the catalytic performance of the corresponding complex precursors, tailoring resulting polyethylenes.
Cobalt-catalyzed ammonia borane dehydrocoupling and transfer hydrogenation under aerobic conditions
Authors: Pagano Justin K. , Stelmach John P. W. , Waterman Rory
Published: February 2015

Simple cobalt compounds engage in ammonia borane dehydrocoupling and transfer hydrogenation.
Photoluminescence and white-light emission in two series of heteronuclear Pb(ii)–Ln(iii) complexes
Authors: Pan Mei , Yan Cheng , Chen Ling , Zhang Lu-Yin , Yin Shao-Yun , Zhu Yi-Xuan , Wu Kai , Hou Ya-Jun , Su Cheng-Yong
Published: February 2015

Tunable photoluminescence and single component white light emission is achieved in Pb(ii)–Eu(iii) heteronuclear complexes.
Flexible prototype thermoelectric devices based on Ag2Te and PEDOT:PSS coated nylon fibre
Authors: Finefrock Scott W. , Zhu Xiaoqin , Sun Yanming , Wu Yue
Published: February 2015

p- and n-type Ag2Te nanocrystal coated nylon fibres are produced via solution processes and employed in flexible thermoelectric devices.
Graphene oxide immobilized enzymes show high thermal and solvent stability
Authors: Hermanová Soňa , Zarevúcká Marie , Bouša Daniel , Pumera Martin , Sofer Zdeněk
Published: February 2015

The thermal and solvent tolerance of enzymes is highly important for their industrial use.
Replacement of the CysA7–CysB7 disulfide bond with a 1,2,3-triazole linker causes unfolding in insulin glargine
Authors: Williams Geoffrey M. , Lee Kathryn , Li Xun , Cooper Garth J. S. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: February 2015

Two analogues of insulin glargine containing a 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole group in place of the CysA7–CysB7 disulfide bond were prepared using CuAAC click chemistry to efficiently join the peptide chains.
PYRROC: the first functionalized cycloalkyne that facilitates isomer-free generation of organic molecules by SPAAC
Authors: Gröst Corinna , Berg Thorsten
Published: February 2015

PYRROC is the first functionalized cycloalkyne which cannot form isomers in the strain-promoted cycloaddition with azides, and displays unprecedented rate accelerations and rate constants in aqueous buffer.
Optimization of side chains in alkylthiothiophene-substituted benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-based photovoltaic polymers
Authors: Zhang Shaoqing , Uddin Mohammad Afsar , Zhao Wenchao , Ye Long , Woo Han Young , Liu Delong , Yang Bei , Yao Huifeng , Cui Yong , Hou Jianhui
Published: February 2015

Alkyl side chains play critical roles in the molecular design of conjugated polymers for applications in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs).
Limonoids from the root bark of Dictamnus angustifolius: potent neuroprotective agents with biometal chelation and halting copper redox cycling properties
Authors: Sun Jian-Bo , Jiang Neng , Lv Meng-Ying , Wang Pei , Xu Feng-Guo , Liang Jing-Yu , Qu Wei
Published: February 2015

Ten limonoids were isolated from the root bark ofDictamnus angustifolius. Their metal chelating properties, the abilities to halt copper redox cycling, cell viabilities and neuroprotection studies against oxidative stress were evaluated.
Formation of cathode buffer layer by surface segregation of fluoroalkyl-modified ZnO for polymer solar cells
Authors: Tan Licheng , He Zhijuan , Chen Yiwang
Published: February 2015

A cathode buffer layer, formed by surface segregation of fluoroalkyl modified ZnO, was present in polymer solar cells based on P3HT:PCBM.
Structural diversity of terpenoids in the soft coral Sinularia flexibilis, evidenced by a collection from the South China Sea
Authors: Chen Wen-Ting , Li Jia , Wang Jian-Rong , Li Xu-Wen , Guo Yue-Wei
Published: February 2015

Eight new terpenoids, including a rare biscembranoid and a 15-membered macrocyclic diterpenoid, were isolated from South China Sea soft coral Sinularia flexibilis.
Energy decomposition analysis of gauche preference in 2-haloethanol, 2-haloethylamine (halogen = F, Cl), their protonated forms and anti preference in 1-chloro-2-fluoroethane
Authors: Baranac-Stojanović Marija , Aleksić Jovana , Stojanović Milovan
Published: February 2015

Small, electronegative elements contribute more electrostatic and orbital stabilization to the anti → gauche isomerization, and greater steric repulsion. The first and the latter actually oppose our traditional view of conformational equilibria.
DNA interaction, cytotoxicity, antibacterial and antituberculosis activity of oxovanadium(iv) complexes derived from fluoroquinolones and 4-hydroxy-5-((4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl)thiazole-2(3H)-thione
Authors: Gajera Sanjay B. , Mehta Jugal V. , Patel Mohan N.
Published: February 2015

Oxovanadium complexes (5a–5g) with fluoroquinolone ligands and azodye rhodanine (3) were synthesized and the effect of different groups was studied, which displayed various biological and medicinal activities.
One-pot protocol to synthesize N-(β-nitro)amides by tandem Henry/Ritter reaction
Authors: Ai Wensi , Shi Ronghua , Zhu Liyan , Jiang Dehong , Ma Xiaobo , Yuan Jilan , Wang Zhouyu
Published: February 2015

A novel, efficient and atom economical one pot protocol for the synthesis of N-(β-nitro)amides has been described by combining the Henry reaction with the Ritter reaction.
Photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid in soil: application of response surface methodology for the optimization of parameters
Authors: Sharma Teena , Toor Amrit Pal , Rajor Anita
Published: February 2015

The photocatalytic mineralization of imidacloprid (IMI) in soil to inorganic ions and the formation of various intermediates using TiO2as the photocatalyst have been investigated under UV light.
Porous monoliths synthesized via polymerization of styrene and divinyl benzene in nonaqueous deep-eutectic solvent-based HIPEs
Authors: Pérez-García M. G. , Carranza A. , Puig J. E. , Pojman J. A. , del Monte F. , Luna-Bárcenas G. , Mota-Morales J. D.
Published: February 2015

Due to their viscosity and polarity, DESs represent a suitable internal phase for HIPEs containing styrenic monomers in addition to acrylates, thus expanding on the range of monomers forming polymerizable DES-based HIPEs.
A mechanically interlocked molecular system programmed for the delivery of an anticancer drug
Authors: Barat Romain , Legigan Thibaut , Tranoy-Opalinski Isabelle , Renoux Brigitte , Péraudeau Elodie , Clarhaut Jonathan , Poinot Pauline , Fernandes Antony E. , Aucagne Vincent , Leigh David A. , Papot Sébastien
Published: February 2015

The development of mechanically interlocked molecular systems programmed to operate autonomously in biological environments is an emerging field of research with potential medicinal applications.
Electro-oxidation of ethylene glycol and glycerol at palladium-decorated FeCo@Fe core–shell nanocatalysts for alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells: functionalized MWCNT supports and impact on product selectivity
Authors: Fashedemi Omobosede O. , Miller Hamish A. , Marchionni Andrea , Vizza Francesco , Ozoemena Kenneth I.
Published: February 2015

FeCo@Fe@Pd nanocatalyst exhibits excellent selectivity towards the oxidation of EG and glycerol in ADAFCs.
Nanostructured alkali cation incorporated δ-MnO2cathode materials for aqueous sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Yang , Qiao Yun , Zhang Wuxing , Wang Huan , Chen Kongyao , Zhu Huaping , Li Zhen , Huang Yunhui
Published: February 2015

Nanostructured δ-MnO2incorporated with alkali cations (A-δ-MnO2, A = K+and Na+) has been synthesized and evaluated as a cathode material for aqueous sodium-ion batteries.
Improving the kinetics and surface stability of sodium manganese oxide cathode materials for sodium rechargeable batteries with Al2O3/MWCNT hybrid networks
Authors: Park Jun-Ho , Park Kwangjin , Kim Ryoung-Hee , Yun Dong-Jin , Park Seong-Yong , Han Dongwook , Lee Seok-Soo , Park Jin-Hwan
Published: February 2015

The bonding nature of Na0.44MnO2 particle surfaces is tailored by introducing Al2O3 nanopowder and/or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).
Photoinduced electron transfer of poly(o-phenylenediamine)–Rhodamine B copolymer dots: application in ultrasensitive detection of nitrite in vivo
Authors: Liao Fang , Song Xun , Yang Siwei , Hu Chenyao , He Lin , Yan Shuai , Ding Guqiao
Published: February 2015

An ultrasensitive fluorescence sensing system for NO2−in vivo based on photoinduced electron transfer of poly(o-phenylenediamine)–Rhodamine B copolymer dots is built.
1,4-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,5-dimethoxybenzene: a novel redox shuttle additive for overcharge protection in lithium-ion batteries that doubles as a mechanistic chemical probe
Authors: Huang Jinhua , Shkrob Ilya A. , Wang Peiqi , Cheng Lei , Pan Baofei , He Meinan , Liao Chen , Zhang Zhengcheng , Curtiss Larry A. , Zhang Lu
Published: February 2015

A novel redox shuttle additive, 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,5-dimethoxybenzene, is shown to deliver superb overcharge protection of LiFePO4 electrode in Li-ion batteries.
Novel plant development of a parallel matrix system of Savonius wind rotors with wind deflector
Authors: Chen Chang-An , Huang Tien-Yang , Chen Chiun-Hsun
Published: February 2015

This work describes a novel system of four Savonius wind rotors in a parallel matrix, installed in rural areas to generate electric power. The effect of wind deflector arrangements, used to concentrate the air stream, is investigated. This type of plant development has not previously been examined. We employ a computational fluid dynamics software, Fluent, to analyze the flow fields and system performance in advance, then compare these simulations to experimental data. The parameters studied include wind velocity, wind direction (with/without deflector) and the rotational speed of the rotors, with the aim of identifying the relationship between the tip-speed ratio (TSR) and power coefficient (Cp). In simulation results, at a TSR of 0.6 the system with a wind deflector performs 1.16 times higher power coefficient than the system without a deflector. Generally, the addition of a wind deflector enhances the performance by 1.09 times, especially within the lower TSR regime (0.2–0.8). The experimental results show that the system with a wind deflector performs 1.23 times higher than the one without deflector, with this maximal difference occurring at a TSR of 0.7. However, when we plot experimental Cp against TSR, we find that the wind deflector enhances the performance by 1.15 times in the higher TSR regime (0.6–1.0). The large fluctuations that occur in measurements are attributable to open field tests where the parameters cannot be controlled as precisely as those in simulations.
A high throughput array microscope for the mechanical characterization of biomaterials
Authors: Cribb Jeremy , Osborne Lukas D. , Hsiao Joe Ping-Lin , Vicci Leandra , Meshram Alok , O’Brien E. Tim , Spero Richard Chasen , Taylor Russell , Superfine Richard
Published: February 2015

In the last decade, the emergence of high throughput screening has enabled the development of novel drug therapies and elucidated many complex cellular processes. Concurrently, the mechanobiology community has developed tools and methods to show that the dysregulation of biophysical properties and the biochemical mechanisms controlling those properties contribute significantly to many human diseases. Despite these advances, a complete understanding of the connection between biomechanics and disease will require advances in instrumentation that enable parallelized, high throughput assays capable of probing complex signaling pathways, studying biology in physiologically relevant conditions, and capturing specimen and mechanical heterogeneity. Traditional biophysical instruments are unable to meet this need. To address the challenge of large-scale, parallelized biophysical measurements, we have developed an automated array high-throughput microscope system that utilizes passive microbead diffusion to characterize mechanical properties of biomaterials. The instrument is capable of acquiring data on twelve-channels simultaneously, where each channel in the system can independently drive two-channel fluorescence imaging at up to 50 frames per second. We employ this system to measure the concentration-dependent apparent viscosity of hyaluronan, an essential polymer found in connective tissue and whose expression has been implicated in cancer progression.
Collision-induced absorption with exchange effects and anisotropic interactions: Theory and application to H2 − H2
Authors: Karman Tijs , van der Avoird Ad , Groenenboom Gerrit C.
Published: February 2015

We discuss three quantum mechanical formalisms for calculating collision-induced absorption spectra. First, we revisit the established theory of collision-induced absorption, assuming distinguishable molecules which interact isotropically. Then, the theory is rederived incorporating exchange effects between indistinguishable molecules. It is shown that the spectrum can no longer be written as an incoherent sum of the contributions of the different spherical components of the dipole moment. Finally, we derive an efficient method to include the effects of anisotropic interactions in the computation of the absorption spectrum. This method calculates the dipole coupling on-the-fly, which allows for the uncoupled treatment of the initial and final states without the explicit reconstruction of the many-component wave functions. The three formalisms are applied to the collision-induced rotation-translation spectra of hydrogen molecules in the far-infrared. Good agreement with experimental data is obtained. Significant effects of anisotropic interactions are observed in the far wing.
The exact forces on classical nuclei in non-adiabatic charge transfer
Authors: Agostini Federica , Abedi Ali , Suzuki Yasumitsu , Min Seung Kyu , Maitra Neepa T. , Gross E. K. U.
Published: February 2015

The decomposition of electronic and nuclear motion presented in Abedi et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 123002 (2010)] yields a time-dependent potential that drives the nuclear motion and fully accounts for the coupling to the electronic subsystem. Here, we show that propagation of an ensemble of independent classical nuclear trajectories on this exact potential yields dynamics that are essentially indistinguishable from the exact quantum dynamics for a model non-adiabatic charge transfer problem. We point out the importance of step and bump features in the exact potential that are critical in obtaining the correct splitting of the quasiclassical nuclear wave packet in space after it passes through an avoided crossing between two Born-Oppenheimer surfaces and analyze their structure. Finally, an analysis of the exact potentials in the context of trajectory surface hopping is presented, including preliminary investigations of velocity-adjustment and the force-induced decoherence effect.
Influence of string-like cooperative atomic motion on surface diffusion in the (110) interfacial region of crystalline Ni
Authors: Zhang Hao , Yang Ying , Douglas Jack F.
Published: February 2015

Although we often think about crystalline materials in terms of highly organized arrays of atoms, molecules, or even colloidal particles, many of the important properties of this diverse class of materials relating to their catalytic behavior, thermodynamic stability, and mechanical properties derive from the dynamics and thermodynamics of their interfacial regions, which we find they have a dynamics more like glass-forming (GF) liquids than crystals at elevated temperatures. This is a general problem arising in any attempt to model the properties of naturally occurring crystalline materials since many aspects of the dynamics of glass-forming liquids remain mysterious. We examine the nature of this phenomenon in the “simple” case of the (110) interface of crystalline Ni, based on a standard embedded-atom model potential, and we then quantify the collective dynamics in this interfacial region using newly developed methods for characterizing the cooperative dynamics of glass-forming liquids. As in our former studies of the interfacial dynamics of grain-boundaries and the interfacial dynamics of crystalline Ni nanoparticles (NPs), we find that the interface of bulk crystalline Ni exhibits all the characteristics of glass-forming materials, even at temperatures well below the equilibrium crystal melting temperature, Tm. This perspective offers a new approach to modeling and engineering the properties of crystalline materials.
Application of visible bremsstrahlung to Zeff measurement on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak
Authors: Chen Yingjie , Wu Zhenwei , Gao Wei , Ti Ang , Zhang Ling , Jie Yinxian , Zhang Jizong , Huang Juan , Xu Zong , Zhao Junyu
Published: February 2015

The multi-channel visible bremsstrahlung measurement system has been developed on Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). In addition to providing effective ion charge Zeff as a routine diagnostic, this diagnostic can also be used to estimate other parameters. With the assumption that Zeff can be seen as constant across the radius and does not change significantly during steady state discharges, central electron temperature, averaged electron density, electron density profile, and plasma current density profile have been obtained based on the scaling of Zeff with electron density and the relations between Zeff and these parameters. The estimated results are in good coincidence with measured values, providing an effective and convenient method to estimate other plasma parameters.
Simultaneous broadband laser ranging and photonic Doppler velocimetry for dynamic compression experiments
Authors: La Lone B. M. , Marshall B. R. , Miller E. K. , Stevens G. D. , Turley W. D. , Veeser L. R.
Published: February 2015

A diagnostic was developed to simultaneously measure both the distance and velocity of rapidly moving surfaces in dynamic compression experiments, specifically non-planar experiments where integrating the velocity in one direction does not always give the material position accurately. The diagnostic is constructed mainly from fiber-optic telecommunications components. The distance measurement is based on a technique described by Xia and Zhang [Opt. Express 18, 4118 (2010)], which determines the target distance every 20 ns and is independent of the target speed. We have extended the full range of the diagnostic to several centimeters to allow its use in dynamic experiments, and we multiplexed it with a photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) system so that distance and velocity histories can be measured simultaneously using one fiber-optic probe. The diagnostic was demonstrated on a spinning square cylinder to show how integrating a PDV record can give an incorrect surface position and how the ranging diagnostic described here obtains it directly. The diagnostic was also tested on an explosive experiment where copper fragments and surface ejecta were identified in both the distance and velocity signals. We show how the distance measurements complement the velocity data. Potential applications are discussed.
Molecular simulation of fluids with non-identical intermolecular potentials: Thermodynamic properties of 10-5 + 12-6 Mie potential binary mixtures
Authors: Stiegler Thomas , Sadus Richard J.
Published: February 2015

General methods for combining interactions between particles characterised by non-identical intermolecular potentials are investigated. The combination methods are tested by performing molecular dynamics simulations to determine the pressure, energy, isochoric and isobaric heat capacities, thermal expansion coefficient, isothermal compressibility, Joule-Thomson coefficient, and speed of sound of 10-5 + 12-6 Mie potential binary mixtures. In addition to the two non-identical Mie potentials, mixtures are also studied with non-identical intermolecular parameters. The combination methods are compared with results obtained by simply averaging the Mie exponents. When either the energy or size parameters are non-identical, very significant differences emerge in the thermodynamic properties predicted by the alternative combination methods. The isobaric heat capacity is the thermodynamic property that is most affected by the relative magnitude of the intermolecular potential parameters and the method for combining non-identical potentials. Either the arithmetic or geometric combination of potentials provides a simple and effective way of performing simulations involving mixtures of components characterised by non-identical intermolecular potentials, which is independent of their functional form.