bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can a handheld device accurately measure barrier function in ichthyoses?
Authors: Murphrey Morgan B. , Erickson Taylor , Canter Talia , Rangel Stephanie M. , Paller Amy S.
Published: August 2020

Background

Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is a surrogate measure of skin barrier dysfunction. Historically, devices that measure TEWL are expensive, complex, and require connection to a computer and energy source. Consequently, measurement of skin's TEWL has been limited to the research setting.

Objectives

Evaluate the accuracy of the handheld device gpskin Barrier Light® in comparison with a standardly used device, AquaFlux AF200®, for measuring TEWL.

Methods

Transepidermal water loss measurements by gpskin Barrier Light® and AquaFlux AF200® in ichthyotic and healthy skin were compared.

Results

AquaFlux AF200® TEWL readings were consistently higher than those from gpskin Barrier Light®. In the pooled cohort, TEWL values were strongly correlated and both devices had excellent reliability. When subjects and controls were examined separately, there was moderate correlation between devices, with stronger agreement at higher TEWL values.

Limitations

Transepidermal water loss was determined at one time point. There is no formally established industry standard TEWL‐assessing device.

Conclusion

Although gpskin Barrier Light® and AquaFlux AF200® devices cannot be used interchangeably, correlation in measuring TEWL was strong in patients with skin disease. This finding suggests that the low‐cost, handheld device can accurately capture change in TEWL to track disease improvement.
Exacerbation of immunoglobulin G4‐related inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm after endovascular repair
Authors: Kasashima Satomi , Kawashima Atsuhiro , Kasashima Fuminori , Matsumoto Yasushi , Ozaki Satoru
Published: August 2020

A 78‐year‐old male was admitted to our hospital with lumbar pain and was found to have an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and femoral artery aneurysm (FAA). Initially, the patient underwent endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for the AAA and aneurysmectomy for the FAA. The FAA was diagnosed by histology as immunoglobulin G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD). The preoperative serum IgG4 level was within the normal range, although a slight serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) elevation was observed. Four years later, the AAA‐sac diameter had expanded and the serum levels of both IgG4 and IL‐6 levels had increased. Six years after the initial EVAR, aneurysmorrhaphy of AAA‐sac was performed. The resected specimen revealed adventitial fibrosis and prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with regulatory T cells, satisfying histological diagnostic criteria for IgG4‐RD. Immunoreactive matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP‐2 and MMP‐9, and IL‐6 were detected within numerous spindle cells in the adventitia of both the FAA and the AAA‐sac. Five months after the aneurysmorrhaphy, the residual AAA‐sac was again enlarged with a thickened wall that accumulated [18F] fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (FDG‐PET) on positron emission tomography; these findings were paralleled by increased levels of serum IgG4 and IL‐6. Therefore, persistent inflammation after EVAR may be attributed to the inflammatory sequelae of IgG4‐RD.
What Drives Coalitions' Narrative Strategy? Exploring Policy Narratives around School Choice
Authors: Chang Katherine T. , Koebele Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2020

Policy actors use narratives strategically to attempt to influence the political contexts in which they participate. This study employs the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) to examine policy actors' narratives around the issue of state‐level school choice policy. Specifically, we seek to determine why coalitions of policy actors use a narrative strategy called the devil‐angel shift. While traditional NPF hypotheses speculate that use of this strategy is driven by whether coalitions perceive themselves as policy winners or losers, recent studies suggest that use of this strategy may be better indicated by a coalition's policy position. To investigate this, we analyze legislative testimony related to two state‐level senate bills that sought to enact a universal school voucher program in Nevada. We find that a coalition's policy position better reflects their use of the devil‐angel shift narrative strategy over time, and we posit two potential explanations for the link between policy positions and narrative strategy.

Related Articles

Ertas, Nevbahar. 2015. “Policy Narratives and Public Opinion Concerning Charter Schools.” Politics & Policy 43 (3): 426‐451. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12120

Shanahan, Elizabeth A., Mark K. McBeth, and Paul L. Hathaway. 2011. “Narrative Policy Framework: The Influence of Media Policy Narrative on Public Opinion.” Politics & Policy 39 (3): 373‐400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00295.x

Smith‐Walter, Aaron, Holly L. Peterson, Michael D. Jones, and Ashley Nicole Reynolds Marshall. 2016. “Gun Stories: How Evidence Shapes Firearm Policy in the United States.” Politics & Policy 44 (6): 1053‐1088. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12187
Listening to Karl BarthBarth in Conversation: Volume 1, 1959–1962, KarlBarth, with EberhardBusch (ed.), WJK, 2017 (ISBN 978‐0‐664‐26400‐0), xx + 328 pp., hb $40Barth in Conversation: Volume 2, 1963, KarlBarth, with EberhardBusch (ed.), WJK, 2018 (ISBN 978‐0‐664‐26401‐7), xx + 250 pp., hb $40Barth in Conversation: Volume 3, 1964–1968, KarlBarth, with EberhardBusch (ed.), WJK, 2019 (ISBN 978‐0‐664‐26402‐4), xx + 402 pp., hb $40
Authors: McKim Donald K.
Published: August 2020

These three volumes feature conversations held by Karl Barth during the later years of his life. The books are translated from the German edition of Barth's works by a group of scholars in a translation group sponsored by Princeton Theological Seminary. Here, Barth fascinatingly responds to questions from groups, interviewers, press conferences, and in theological dialogues. The conversations provide descriptions and insights into many issues Barth dealt with extensively in his numerous theological writings. The books present a more succinct accessibility to Barth's views that is harder to come by in his large theological works. Barth's humor and joy as a theologian is on display throughout as he interacts with his questioners and expounds on his vision of Christian theology (dogmatics) and the Christian life.
Multiscale expansions avector solitons of a two‐dimensional nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger system
Authors: Koutsokostas Georgios N. , Horikis Theodoros P. , Frantzeskakis Dimitrios J. , Prinari Barbara , Biondini Gino
Published: August 2020

One‐ and two‐dimensional solitons of a multicomponent nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) system are constructed. The model finds applications in nonlinear optics, where it may describe the interaction of optical beams of different frequencies. We asymptotically reduce the model, via multiscale analysis, to completely integrable ones in both Cartesian and cylindrical geometries; we thus derive a Kadomtsev‐Petviashvili equation and its cylindrical counterpart, Johnson's equation. This way, we derive approximate soliton solutions of the nonlocal NLS system, which have the form of: (a) dark or antidark soliton stripes and (b) dark lumps in the Cartesian geometry, as well as (c) ring dark or antidark solitons in the cylindrical geometry. The type of the soliton, namely dark or antidark, is determined by the degree of nonlocality: dark (antidark) soliton states are formed for weaker (stronger) nonlocality. We perform numerical simulations and show that the derived soliton solutions do exist and propagate undistorted in the original nonlocal NLS system.
Ocean acidification and photic‐zone anoxia at the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event: Insights from the Adriatic Carbonate Platform
Authors: Ettinger Nicholas P. , Larson Toti E. , Kerans Charles , Thibodeau Alyson M. , Hattori Kelly E. , Kacur Sean M. , Martindale Rowan C.
Published: August 2020

Severe global climate change led to the deterioration of environmental conditions in the oceans during the Toarcian Stage of the Jurassic. Carbonate platforms of the Western Tethys Ocean exposed in Alpine Tethyan mountain ranges today offer insight into this period of environmental upheaval. In addition to informing understanding of climate change in deep time, the effect of ancient carbon cycle perturbations on carbonate platforms has important implications for anthropogenic climate change; the patterns of early Toarcian environmental deterioration are similar to those occurring in modern oceans. This study focuses on the record of the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (ca 183.1 Ma) in outcrops of the north‐west Adriatic Carbonate Platform in Slovenia. Amidst environmental deterioration, the north‐west Adriatic Platform abruptly transitioned from a healthy, shallow‐water environment with diverse metazoan ecosystems to a partially drowned setting with low diversity biota and diminished sedimentation. An organic carbon‐isotope excursion of −2.2‰ reflects the massive injection of CO2 into the ocean‐atmosphere system and marks the stratigraphic position of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event. A prominent dissolution horizon and suppressed carbonate deposition on the platform are interpreted to reflect transient shoaling of the carbonate compensation depth to unprecedentedly shallow levels as the dramatic influx of CO2 overwhelmed the ocean’s buffering capacity, causing ocean acidification. Trace metal geochemistry and palaeoecology highlight water column deoxygenation, including the development of photic‐zone anoxia, preceding and during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event. Ocean acidification and reduced oxygen levels likely had a profoundly negative effect on carbonate‐producing biota and growth of the Adriatic Platform. These effects are consistent with the approximate doubling of the concentration of CO2 in the ocean‐atmosphere system from pre‐event levels, which has previously been linked to a volcanic triggering mechanism. Mercury enrichments discovered in this study support a temporal and genetic link between volcanism, the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event and the carbonate crisis.
A note on measuring the volume of space‐time prisms and the area of their spatial projections
Authors: Elias Deepak , Kuijpers Bart
Published: August 2020

Space‐time prisms are often used to model the uncertainty of space‐time locations of moving objects between measured sample points. The volume of such prisms and the area of their spatial projections are frequently used as measures for spatio‐temporal and spatial accessibility. The aim of this article is to provide correct expressions for this volume and area, both for prisms with and without stationary activity time, and to provide proofs, based on elementary geometry, of their correctness. In this way we provide a better understanding and a clarification of the historical (and difficult to find) references, Lenntorp (1976) and Burns (1979), that are usually used.
Adenovirus causing hepatic abscess formation and unexplained fever in adult liver transplant recipients
Authors: Matar Abraham J. , Yoon Jane C. , Mehta Aneesh K. , Phadke Varun K. , Guarner Jeannette , Greer Ashley M. , Lo Denise J. , Magliocca Joseph F. , Kitchens William H.
Published: August 2020

Adenovirus infection is commonly associated with self‐limited respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses. However, infection in immunocompromised individuals, such as transplant recipients, can cause severe life‐threatening illness including pneumonitis, hemorrhagic cystitis, nephritis, hepatitis, and enterocolitis. In orthotopic liver transplant recipients, adenovirus viremia can cause hepatitis leading to marked transaminitis, allograft loss, and death. Although hepatic abscesses mediated by adenovirus have been described in other immunosuppressed patient populations, it has very rarely been described in liver transplant recipients. Here, we report two adult cases of hepatic abscesses following liver transplantation secondary to adenovirus infection and describe the successful treatment of these patients. Adenovirus should be considered as an uncommon etiology of hepatic abscess and unexplained fevers in adults following liver transplantation.
Whole‐genome de novo assemblies reveal extensive structural variations and dynamic organelle‐to‐nucleus DNA transfers in African and Asian rice
Authors: Ma Xin , Fan Jinjian , Wu Yongzhen , Zhao Shuangshuang , Zheng Xu , Sun Chuanqing , Tan Lubin
Published: August 2020

Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) and African cultivated rice (Oryza glaberrima) originated from the wild rice species Oryza rufipogon and Oryza barthii, respectively. The genomes of both cultivated species have undergone profound changes during domestication. Whole‐genome de novo assemblies of O. barthii, O. glaberrima, O. rufipogon and Oryza nivara, produced using PacBio single‐molecule real‐time (SMRT) and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, showed that Gypsy‐like retrotransposons are the major contributors to genome size variation in African and Asian rice. Through the detection of genome‐wide structural variations (SVs), we observed that besides 28 shared SV hot spots, another 67 hot spots existed in either the Asian or African rice genomes. Based on gene annotation information of the SVs, we established that organelle‐to‐nucleus DNA transfers resulted in numerous SVs that participated in the nuclear genome divergence of rice species and subspecies. We detected 52 giant nuclear integrants of organelle DNA (NORGs, defined as >10 kb) in six Oryza AA genomes. In addition, we developed an effective method to genotype giant NORGs, based on genome assembly, and first showed the dynamic change in the distribution of giant NORGs in rice natural population. Interestingly, 16 highly differentiated giant NORGs tended to accumulate in natural populations of Asian rice from higher latitude regions, grown at lower temperatures and light intensities. Our study provides new insight into the genome divergence of African and Asian rice, and establishes that organelle‐to‐nucleus DNA transfers, as potentially powerful contributors to environmental adaptation during rice evolution, play a major role in producing SVs in rice genomes.
Differential red blood cell age fractionation and Band 3 phosphorylation distinguish two different subtypes of warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Bloch Evgenia M. , Branch Haley A. , Sakac Darinka , Leger Regina M. , Branch Donald R.
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) is a blood disorder characterized by the increased destruction of autologous red blood cells (RBCs) due to the presence of opsonizing pathogenic autoantibodies. Preliminary reports published more than three decades ago proposed the presence of two wAIHA subtypes: Type I, in which autoantibodies preferentially recognize the oldest, most dense RBCs; and Type II, characterized by autoantibodies that show no preference.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

We evaluated patients having wAIHA for Type I and II subtype using discontinuous Percoll gradient age fractionation and direct antiglobulin test (DAT). We performed Western immunoblotting and mass spectrometry to show autoantibody specificity for Band 3. We investigated Band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation in different Percoll fractions to determine aging associated with oxidative stress.

RESULTS

We confirm the existence of two subtypes of wAIHA, Type I and Type II, and that autoantibodies recognize Band 3. Type I patients were characterized by five Percoll fractions, with a DAT showing IgG opsonization F1 < F5 and elevated Band 3 phosphorylation compared to healthy controls (HCs). In contrast, Type II wAIHA patients were characterized by three to four Percoll fractions, where the DAT IgG opsonization shows F1 ≥ F3/4 and Band 3 phosphorylation was absent or significantly decreased compared to HC.

CONCLUSIONS

Type I patients have increased Band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation that may represent accelerated aging of their RBCs resulting in exacerbation of a pathologic form of RBC senescence. Type II patients show decreased Band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation and lack the oldest, most dense RBCs suggesting premature RBC clearance and a more severe wAIHA.
Development of an Innovative Tool to Appraise Big Data for Best Evidence
Authors: Carrington Jane M. , Love Rene
Published: August 2020

Background

Datum from electronic sources has accumulated and resulted in the establishment of big data and data science. Big data consists of data sets that are larger than traditional data processing applications can manage. Data science is the research method used to analyze big data. Researchers are applying research methods to harness large and complex data sets to increase our understanding of population health by creating predictive models of patients using a variety of key variables or characteristics. Evidence‐based practice relies on the appraisal of research to ensure rigor prior to implementation in clinical settings. Consistent with other research methods, papers based on data science should be subject to appraisal for determination of best evidence. The purpose of this paper is to present a tool that can be used to appraise research papers based on large data sets and data science research methods.

Methods

The following approach was used to develop the Data Science Appraisal Tool (DSAT). Despite an exhaustive search, we were unable to locate an appraisal tool for papers based on data science research methods. We then synthesized the extant literature to form the tool. The tool is based on the common characteristics of big data: (a) verification that the data set is representative of big data; (b) preparation of the data for analysis; (c) methodology used for data analysis; (d) results; and (e) theoretically based.

Linking Evidence to Action

Appraisal tools currently exist for traditional and well‐known research methods. The DSAT provides a method to appraise papers based in data science for best evidence.
Increased lipopolysaccharide‐induced hypothermia in neurogenic hypertension is caused by reduced hypothalamic PGE2 production and increased heat loss
Authors: Amorim Mateus R. , Moreira Diego A. , Santos Bruna M. , Ferrari Gustavo D. , Nogueira Jonatas E. , de Deus Júnia L. , Alberici Luciane C. , Branco Luiz G. S.
Published: August 2020

Key points

The mechanisms involved in hypothermia and fever during systemic inflammation (SI) remain largely unknown.

Our data support the contention that brain‐mediated mechanisms are different in hypertension during SI.

Considering that, clinically, it is not easy to assess all mechanisms involved in cardiovascular and thermoregulatory control during SI, the present study sheds light on these integrated mechanisms that may be triggered simultaneously in septic hypertensive patients.

The result obtained demonstrate that, in lipopolysaccharide‐induced SI, an increased hypothermia is observed in neurogenic hypertension, which is caused by reduced hypothalamic prostaglandin E2 production and increased heat loss in conscious rats.

Therefore, the results of the present study provide useful insight for clinical trials evaluating the thermoregulatory outcomes of septic patients with hypertension.

Hypertension is a prevalent disease characterized by autonomic‐induced elevated and sustained blood pressure levels and abnormal body core temperature (Tb) regulation. The present study aimed to determine the brain‐mediated mechanisms involved in the thermoregulatory changes observed during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced systemic inflammation (SI; at a septic‐like model) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We combined Tb and skin temperature (Tsk) analysis, assessment of prostaglandin (PG) E2 levels (the proximal mediator of fever) in the anteroventral region of the hypothalamus (AVPO; an important site for Tb control), oxygen consumption analysis, cardiovascular recordings, assays of inflammatory markers, and evaluation of oxidative stress in the plasma and brain of male Wistar rats and SHR that had received LPS (1.5 mg kg−1) or saline. LPS induced hypothermia followed by fever in Wistar rats, whereas, in SHR, a maintained hypothermia without fever were observed. These thermoregulatory responses were associated with an increased heat loss in SHR compared to Wistar rats. We measured LPS‐induced increased PGE2 levels in the AVPO in Wistar rats, but not in SHR. The LPS‐induced drop in blood pressure was higher in SHR than in Wistar rats. Furthermore, LPS‐induced plasma and brain [regions involved in autonomic control: nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM)] cytokine surges were blunted, whereas oxidative stress was higher in SHR. LPS‐induced SI leads to blunted cytokine surges both systemically (plasma) and centrally (NTS and RVLM) and reduced hypothalamic PGE2 production, which are all associated with increased hypothermia mediated by increased heat loss, but not by heat production, in SHR.
Compact Algebraic Asymptotes for Small and Large Time Surface Temperatures for Regular Solid Bodies Heated With Uniform Heat Flux: Scrutiny of New Critical Fourier Numbers
Authors: Delgado-Torres Agustín M. , Campo Antonio , Masip-Macia Yunesky
Published: August 2020

The alternate infinite series at “small time” have been used to analyze the time variation of surface temperatures (ϕs) in regular solid bodies heated with uniform heat flux. In this way, compact algebraic asymptotes are successfully retrieved for ϕs in a plate, cylinder, and sphere in the “small time” sub-domain extending from 0 to the critical dimensionless time or critical Fourier number. For the “large time” sub-domain, the exact solution is approximated in two ways: with the “one-term” series and with the simple asymptotes corresponding to extreme “large time” conditions. Maximum relative errors of 1.23%, 6.24%, and 0.96% in ϕs for the plate, cylinder, and sphere are τcr obtained, respectively, with the “small time”—“large time” approximation using a traditional approach to fix the τcr value. An alternative approach to set the τcr is proposed to minimize the maximum relative error of the approximated solutions so that values of 1.19%, 3.93%, and 0.16% are then obtained for the plate, cylinder, and sphere, respectively, with the “small time”—“large time” approximation. For the “small time”—“one-term” approximation maximum relative errors of 0.024%, 1.33%, and 0.004% for the plate, cylinder, and sphere are obtained, respectively, with this approach.
Performance Evaluation of a Standing Wave Thermoacoustic Refrigerator Using Normalized Sensitivity Coefficients
Authors: Bhatti Umar Nawaz , Bashmal Salem
Published: August 2020

The sensitivity analysis using normalized sensitivity coefficient (NSC) can be used to identify important model parameters affecting the device performance by allowing one-to-one comparison. The results are highlighted in the form of order of magnitudes change in output for a unit change in input variable. In this study, the sensitivity analysis of a small capacity standing wave thermoacoustic refrigerator (SWTAR) has been performed using NSC. Specialized tool deltaec has been used to generate the results for the subsequent sensitivity analysis. Three key performance parameters, i.e., temperature difference achieved (ΔT), coefficient of performance (COP), and relative coefficient of performance (COPR) have been analyzed for perturbations in number of device variables, namely, oscillating pressure amplitude, two different stack material properties and four stack geometric parameters, i.e., stack length, stack center position, stack plate thickness, and half stack spacing. Sensitivity results are obtained for a wide range of mean operating pressures (Pm), mean operating temperature (Tm), and drive ratios (DRs). It has been found that performance parameters are most sensitive to the perturbations in oscillating pressure amplitude and least affected by the perturbations in the stack length. With respect to the oscillating pressure amplitude, maximum NSC of 24.12 has been reported for ΔT at mean pressure of 5 bar.
On the High-Temperature Flow Response of Friction Stir Processed Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Ali , Yapici Guney Guven
Published: August 2020

In the current work, multi-pass friction stir processing (FSP) was utilized to fabricate samples of fine-grained aluminum–zinc (AZ) magnesium alloy and its metal matrix composite (MMC). The microstructure and high-temperature tensile behavior of friction stir processed (FSPed) AZ31 and AZ31/SiC MMC at various strain rates in the range of 10−2 to 10−4 s−1 were investigated, and the fracture mechanisms of each condition were analyzed. The results verified that MMC samples exhibited a remarkable enhancement in microhardness. The evolution of inclined basal texture was observed after processing for both FSPed and MMC samples. The ambient temperature stress–strain response revealed that the formability of AZ31 has improved after friction stir processing, whereas high-temperature flow curves were discernibly sensitive to strain rate. Equiaxed deep dimples were detected on the fracture surfaces of FSPed samples, but decreased strain rate led to an increase in the number of dimples as attributed to the recrystallization of new grains.
Numerical Investigation of the Thermo-Hydraulic Characteristics for Annular Vortex Tube: A Comparison With Ranque–Hilsch Vortex Tube
Authors: Khosravi Milad , Sadi Meisam , Arabkoohsar Ahmad , Ebrahimi-Moghadam Amir
Published: August 2020

In this work, a new configuration of the vortex tubes (VTs), called annular VTs, is proposed to improve the temperature separation performance. In the proposed configuration, a compartment has been added on the top of the tube wall that the separated hot outlet is repassed inside it over the hot tube. An axisymmetric swirl model of the Ranque–Hilsch (RH) and annual VTs is numerically simulated, and the thermo-hydraulic characteristics of them are compared for cold mass fractions ranging 0.2–0.8. The results illustrated that a small secondary circulation is created near the cold outlet of the RHVT that is not observed in the annular model. This secondary circulation is a destructive mechanism in VTs that results in more mixing and higher temperature in the cold outlet section. Analyzing the results indicates that using annular VT causes up to 12.51% increment of the hot outlet temperature compared to the RHVT model (which occurs at a mass fraction of 0.23). Also, up to 9.23% reduction of the cold outlet temperature is occurred (which occurs at a mass fraction of 0.37). These explanations prove the improvement of the annular VT compared to that of the conventional VTs.
Improving treatment and outcomes for young people with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in the youth justice system: A social work led response and practice framework
Authors: Oatley Vanessa , Gibbs Anita
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION: Young people with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in Aotearoa New Zealand are both primed for, and hindered within the youth justice (YJ) system. This research provides a fresh perspective on how social workers can take a lead role in ensuring young people with FASD receive neurodevelopmentally appropriate interventions both within the YJ system and upon return to their communities.METHODS: A systematic literature review of secondary data was undertaken to explore themes, including the connection between the impacts of FASD and risk of contact with the YJ system; how FASD affects the young person’s ability to navigate the YJ system; best practice recommendations to ensure just treatment for young people in the YJ system; and the potential for social work to take a lead role in improving treatment and outcomes for young people with FASD in the YJ system.FINDINGS: Key findings include the confirmation of the link between young people with FASD and the YJ population; consistent best practice recommendations for treatment and interventions; and a clear positive relationship between the social work mandate and the implementation of the recommended treatment for young people with FASD who have had contact with the YJ system.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Based on the research findings, an FASD-informed practice framework has been developed as a tool to guide social workers who are working with young people with FASD in the Aotearoa New Zealand YJ system and beyond.
Intersectionality and sisterhood in the time of Covid-19
Authors: Sumihira Ai
Published: August 2020

This article will explore some evidence which shows the extent to which the female workforce in healthcare is undervalued at the present time. I also found a number of studies describing strong examples of resilient women acting in times of environmental crises. I will explore how feminisms in social work recognise the diverse experiences of women of colour. Throughout our continuing national experience of Covid-19, social cohesion in Aotearoa has been said to have played a significant role (Spoonley et al., 2020), with the country acting as a “team of five million”. While Spoonley et al.’s study (2020) emphasises the importance of social cohesion when it comes to working as a trusted collective, in this article I will argue that our society needs to bounce back to a better and more inclusive norm during the ongoing recovery from Covid-19.
Social work and society: Political and ideological perspectives
Authors: Darroch John
Published: August 2020

Book review
Repeating earthquakes record fault weakening and healing in areas of megathrust postseismic slip
Authors: Chaves E. J. , Schwartz S. Y. , Abercrombie R. E.
Published: August 2020

Repeating earthquakes in regions of megathrust afterslip reveal fault weakening and healing during the earthquake cycle.
Widespread energy limitation to life in global subseafloor sediments
Authors: Bradley J. A. , Arndt S. , Amend J. P. , Burwicz E. , Dale A. W. , Egger M. , LaRowe D. E.
Published: August 2020

The global subseafloor biosphere subsists under extreme and widespread energy limitation.
Rapid and robust evolution of collateral sensitivity in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
antibiotic-resistant mutants
Authors: Hernando-Amado Sara , Sanz-García Fernando , Martínez José Luis
Published: August 2020

Analysis of convergent collateral sensitivity phenotypes may guide the design of antibiotic therapies in
P. aeruginosa
infections.
Colorectal cancer residual disease at maximal response to EGFR blockade displays a druggable Paneth cell–like phenotype
Authors: Lupo Barbara , Sassi Francesco , Pinnelli Marika , Galimi Francesco , Zanella Eugenia R. , Vurchio Valentina , Migliardi Giorgia , Gagliardi Paolo Armando , Puliafito Alberto , Manganaro Daria , Luraghi Paolo , Kragh Michael , Pedersen Mikkel W. , Horak Ivan D. , Boccaccio Carla , Medico Enzo , Primo Luca , Nichol Daniel , Spiteri Inmaculada , Heide Timon , Vatsiou Alexandra , Graham Trevor A. , Élez Elena , Argiles Guillem , Nuciforo Paolo , Sottoriva Andrea , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Pasini Diego , Grassi Elena , Isella Claudio , Bertotti Andrea , Trusolino Livio
Published: August 2020

Drug tolerance in EGFR-inhibited mCRC involves secretory pseudodifferentiation and rewiring of oncogenic dependencies.
Glycolysis links reciprocal activation of myeloid cells and endothelial cells in the retinal angiogenic niche
Authors: Liu Zhiping , Xu Jiean , Ma Qian , Zhang Xiaoyu , Yang Qiuhua , Wang Lina , Cao Yapeng , Xu Zhimin , Tawfik Amany , Sun Ye , Weintraub Neal L. , Fulton David J. , Hong Mei , Dong Zheng , Smith Lois E. H. , Caldwell Ruth B. , Sodhi Akrit , Huo Yuqing
Published: August 2020

Increased glycolysis facilitates reciprocal activation between myeloid cells and endothelial cells in pathological retinal angiogenesis.
Comparative Study of Immunogenic Properties of Purified Capsular Polysaccharides fromStreptococcus suisSerotypes 3, 7, 8, and 9: the Serotype 3 Polysaccharide Induces an Opsonizing IgG Response
Authors: Goyette-Desjardins Guillaume , Auger Jean-Philippe , Dolbec Dominic , Vinogradov Evgeny , Okura Masatoshi , Takamatsu Daisuke , Van Calsteren Marie-Rose , Gottschalk Marcelo , Segura Mariela
Published: August 2020

Streptococcus suisis an encapsulated bacterium and one of the most important swine pathogens and a zoonotic agent for which no effective vaccine exists. Bacterial capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) are poorly immunogenic, but anti-CPS antibodies are essential to the host defense against encapsulated bacteria. In addition to the previously known serotypes 2 and 14, which are nonimmunogenic, we have recently purified and described the CPS structures for serotypes 1, 1/2, 3, 7, 8, and 9.
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Pasteurella multocida Strains Isolated from Domestic Animals in Kazakhstan
Authors: Amirgazin Asylulan , Vergnaud Gilles , Mukanov Kasym , Kuibagarov Marat , Karibaev Talgat , Ramankulov Yerlan , Shevtsov Alexandr
Published: August 2020

We report here the draft genome sequences of three strains of
Pasteurella multocida
isolated in Kazakhstan from domestic animals that died due to hemorrhagic septicemia.
Draft Genome Sequence of a New
Methanobacterium
Strain Potentially Resistant to Bile Salts, Isolated from Deer Feces
Authors: Ouboter Heleen T. , Berger Stefanie , Güngör Erbil , Jetten Mike S. M. , Welte Cornelia U.
Published: August 2020

We present the high-quality draft genome of
Methanobacterium subterraneum
DF, a hydrogenotrophic methanogen that was isolated from deer feces. This organism has potentially been overlooked in previous studies. Interestingly, its genome encoded bile salt hydrolase, a crucial enzyme for bile salt tolerance that is found in gut organisms.
Draft Genome Sequences of Pantoea agglomerans, Paenibacillus polymyxa, and
Pseudomonas
sp. Strains, Seed Biogel-Associated Endophytes of Cucumis sativus L. (Cucumber) and
Cucumis melo
L. (Cantaloupe)
Authors: Khalaf Eman M. , Raizada Manish N.
Published: August 2020

We report here the draft genome sequences of strains of
Pantoea agglomerans
(EKM10T, EKM20T, EKM21T, and EKM22T),
Paenibacillus polymyxa
(EKM10P and EKM11P), and
Pseudomonas
sp. strain EKM23D. These microbes were cultured from fresh seed biogels of
Cucumis sativus
L. (cucumber) and
Cucumis melo
L. (cantaloupe). The strains suppress the growth of soilborne fungal/oomycete phytopathogens
in vitro
.
Draft Genome Sequence of CH_48, a Highly Cytotoxic Bacillus thuringiensis Strain Isolated from Rosemary at the Retail Level
Authors: Stevens Marc J. A. , Johler Sophia
Published: August 2020

Bacillus thuringiensis
CH_48 exhibits extremely high levels of Vero cell cytotoxicity and sphingomyelinase activity.
Whole-Genome Sequence of an Orf Virus Isolate Derived from a Cell Culture Infected with Contagious Ecthyma Vaccine
Authors: Heare Daniel L. , Little Sara V. , Weise Dale W. , Harris James R. , Hillhouse Andrew E. , Konganti Kranti , Lawhon Sara D.
Published: August 2020

This is a draft genome of an orf virus (ORFV) vaccine strain assembled via long- and short-read hybrid assembly. ORFV is a zoonotic pathogen that affects sheep and goats. The genome of the virus contained in the vaccine was found to have high similarity (98%) to those of other published strains.
Association between traumatic brain injuries and ketamine infusion side effects following combat injury
Authors: Kane Alexandra Victoria , Giordano N A , Tran J , Kent M L , Highland K B
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Ketamine is a vital component for acute pain management in emergency trauma care for both civilian and military hospitals. This preliminary analysis examined whether combat-injured US service members sustaining traumatic brain injuries (TBI) experienced increased odds of ketamine side effects compared with those without TBI.

Methods

This preliminary analysis included combat-injured service members, ages ≥18 years with documented pain scores during the 24 hours before and 48 hours after receiving an intravenous ketamine infusion at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC) between 2007 and 2014. Logistic regression modeling examined the association between TBI and ketamine side effects (eg, hallucinations, nightmares, dysphoria, nausea, decreased oxygen saturation) during hospitalisation.

Results

Of the 77 patients, 62% presented with a documented TBI. Side effects were documented for 18.8% of those without TBI and 24.4% of those with TBI. Analyses were unable to find evidence against the null hypothesis with the current sample size, even when adjusting for injury characteristics and preinfusion opioid doses (adjusted OR=0.90 (95% CI 0.26 to 3.34), p=0.87).

Conclusion

In this small sample of combat-injured service members, we were unable to detect a difference in ketamine-related side effects by documented TBI status. These hypothesis-generating findings support the need for future studies to examine the use of intravenous ketamine infusions for pain management, and subsequent care outcomes in patients who experience polytraumatic trauma inclusive of TBI.
Novel micropore particle technology for spinal cord injury chronic wound healing: a new paradigm?
Authors: O'Sullivan Oliver , Hayton L , Findlay-Cooper K , Phillip R
Published: August 2020

Current management of chronic wounds involves regular wound cleaning, antiseptic dressings and, when indicated, antimicrobials. Micropore particle technology (MPPT) is a novel concept for wound healing, aiming to bolster the action of the immune system by disrupting the wound biofilm and restoring the microbiome. Amicapsil is the first MPPT product licensed for clinical use. Patients with a spinal cord injury (SCI) are more likely to develop chronic wounds due to downregulation in their immune response increasing the risk of a minor wound, such as pressure sore, developing into large, non-healing wounds. At the Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall, patients with SCI often have chronic wounds causing pain, becoming infected and preventing full engagement with effective rehabilitation. We report on the first case of treatment with Amicapsil at the DMRC Stanford Hall and review MPPT as a potential new paradigm for the treatment of wound healing.
The Hudson Brace technique for emergency burr holes, an aide-memoire for the front-line military surgeon
Authors: Robins James M W , Thomson S , Sheikh AJ
Published: August 2020

Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of death in conflict and early surgical intervention achieves better outcomes. The British Army surgical kit includes a Hudson Brace and bit and Gigli saw for decompression of the cranial cavity. Here we demonstrate the Hudson Brace technique for non-neurosurgeons.
What patients with lung cancer with comorbidity tell us about interprofessional collaborative care across healthcare sectors: qualitative interview study
Authors: Bossert Jasmin , Forstner Johanna , Villalobos Matthias , Siegle Anja , Jung Corinna , Deis Nicole , Thomas Michael , Wensing Michel , Krug Katja
Published: August 2020

Background

Patients with lung cancer with comorbidity often require treatment and care by different health professionals, in different settings and at different points in time during the course of the disease. In order to organise and coordinate healthcare efficiently, effective information exchange and collaboration between all involved care providers are required. The aim of this study was to assess the views of patients with advanced lung cancer with comorbidity regarding coordination of treatment and care across healthcare sectors.

Methods

This qualitative study, as part of the main study, The Heidelberg Milestones Communication Approach, used face-to-face guide-based semistructured interviews with patients with advanced lung cancer and their informal caregivers to explore cross-sectoral information exchange and collaboration in Germany. All generated data were audio-recorded, pseudonymised and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was performed using qualitative content analysis to structure data into themes and subthemes. All data were managed and organised in MAXQDA.

Results

In 15 interviews, participants reported that cross-sectoral collaboration functioned well, if treatments occurred as planned. However, treatment gaps were experienced, especially regarding medication and regimen. As a result, participants felt insecure and obliged to take responsibility for the coordination of healthcare. Patients reported to be in favour of an active patient role but felt that healthcare coordination should still be a responsibility of a care provider. A more intensive information exchange, potentially by using an electronic platform, was expected to strengthen cross-sectoral collaboration.

Conclusion

Patients with lung cancer are uncertain about their role in the coordination of treatment and care across healthcare sectors. Healthcare providers should be more aware of care recipients’ willingness of taking on a more active role in healthcare coordination.

Trial registration number

DRKS00013469.
Utility of the COM-B model in identifying facilitators and barriers to maintaining a healthy postnatal lifestyle following a diagnosis of gestational diabetes: a qualitative study
Authors: Boyd Jennifer , McMillan Brian , Easton Katherine , Delaney Brigitte , Mitchell Caroline
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Previous qualitative research investigating the experiences of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes (GD) has provided important insights into the development of behaviour change interventions. However, these studies often lack a theoretical underpinning. This study explored the use of the capability, opportunity, motivation and behaviour (COM-B) framework (which proposes that individuals need the capability, opportunity and motivation to perform a particular behaviour) to code and the socioecological model to contextualise participant responses to better inform intervention development.

Design

Qualitative semistructured interviews are using purposive sampling. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and coded using the COM-B framework. A socioecological approach was adopted to understand the context of intervention facets.

Setting

Interviews were conducted in a secondary care setting in South Yorkshire.

Participants

Twenty-seven postnatal women with a previous diagnosis of GD were interviewed.

Results

Applying the COM-B framework to code participant, responses identified 16 key subthemes which reflected either: capability, opportunity or motivation components of the model. Four domains adapted from the socioecological model: individual, family life, community and healthcare provision; contextualised factors are important for these women in terms of behaviour change. Emotional response at the individual level was highly motivating or demotivating. Factors related to family life and community were particularly dominant and had the potential to either facilitate or impede change. We found many participants relied on healthcare provision during the prenatal and postnatal periods with timing and positive relationships being key to good care.

Conclusions

Our study provides further insight into the factors crucial for behaviour change in women diagnosed with GD. By innovatively applying the COM-B framework in a socioecological context, it is clear intervention facets need to target microlevel through the macrolevel to engage this population in behaviour change. Future work should consider family-level intervention as this could allow for sustained behaviour change and consequently prevent the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Quality improvement study on early recognition and intervention of caregiver burden in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Towle Rachel Marie , Low Lian Leng , Tan Siok Bee , Hendrix Cristina
Published: August 2020

Background

Caregivers play a crucial role in taking over the important task of looking after patients post-hospitalisation. Caregivers who are unfamiliar with patients’ post-discharge care often experience caregiver stress, while patients may see deterioration in their condition. As caregivers are our core partners in healthcare, it is therefore necessary for patient navigators to recognise, assess and address caregivers’ needs or burden as early as on admission to hospital. Patient navigators are trained registered nurses whose main role is to provide patients and caregivers with personalised guidance through the complex healthcare system.

Objectives

This quality improvement study examined the efficacy of using the Zarit Burden Interview as a tool in helping patient navigators recognise caregiver burden early and the effectiveness of targeted interventions on caregiver burden.

Methods

Various quality improvement tools were used. Eighty-six patient-caregiver dyads who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Informal caregivers were assessed for caregiver burden using the Zarit Burden Interview during hospital admission (T0) and again at 30 days postdischarge (T1), post-intervention.

Results

There was significant improvement in the Zarit Burden mean scores from T0 to T1 reported for the 80 dyads who completed the study, even after adjusting for covariates (T0 mean=11.08, SD=7.64; T1 mean=2.48, SD=3.36, positive ranks, p<0.001). Highest burden identified by most caregivers were the personal strain; trying to meet other responsibilities and uncertain about what to do in caring for their loved one. By recognising the different aspects of caregiver burden early, patient navigators were able to focus their interventions.

Conclusion

Early recognition of caregiver burden and targeted interventions were found to be effective at reducing caregiver burden in a tertiary hospital.
Ultrasonography is insensitive but specific for detecting aortic wall abnormalities in dogs infected with Spirocerca lupi
Authors: Merhavi Nadav , Segev Gilad , Dvir Eran , Peery Dana
Published: August 2020

Background

Spirocercosis is caused by the nematode Spirocerca lupi (S lupi). The disease mainly affects dogs and is typically diagnosed by oesophagoscopy or faecal examination; however, these diagnostic tests may deliver false negative results during the migration phase of the nematode. The aim of the present prospective study was to evaluate whether ultrasonography could detect abnormalities in the abdominal aorta, celiac artery, and gastric wall structure as a diagnostic aid to detect S lupi infection in dogs.

Methods

Oesophagoscopy and a focused abdominal ultrasound scan were performed in 40 dogs that presented to the Koret School of Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, with gastrointestinal complaints. Ultrasonography scan findings of 20 dogs with oesophageal nodules, indicating S lupi infection (study group), were compared with those of 20 control dogs.

Results

Vascular wall irregularity was significantly more common in the study group than in the control group (9/20 v 1/20, respectively; P=0.008).

Conclusion

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the abdominal aorta, celiac artery, and gastric wall structure is not a sensitive diagnostic marker for spirocercosis in dogs. However, the presence of vascular wall irregularity of the abdominal aorta or celiac artery might indicate S lupi migration.