bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 surveillance in Israeli press: Spatiality, mobility, and control
Authors: Yadlin Aya , Marciano Avi
Published: December 2021

In March 2020, Israel passed emergency regulations authorizing its internal security agency to track citizens’ mobile phone geolocations in order to tackle the spread of COVID-19. This unprecedented surveillance enterprise attracted extensive media attention and sparked a vigorous public debate regarding technology and democratic values such as privacy, mobility, and control. This article examines press coverage of Israel’s surveillance of its citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic by four leading news sites to identify and map the frames that informed their reports. Based on a thematic analysis, our findings point to supportive and critical constructions of mobile phone location-tracking and organize them within two scapes: personal; and international. These attest to the collective imagining of intimacies and public life, respectively. We draw on the case study to articulate mobile phones as devices that reduce movement into manageable mapped information and individuals into controllable data. Mobile phone location-tracking during the COVID-19 pandemic is understood as turning mobility into order and control.
Menopause as a well-being strategy: Organizational effectiveness, gendered ageism and racism
Authors: Targett Rosa , Beck Vanessa
Published: December 2021

Objective

This study considers the example of one council who deliberately implemented menopause considerations into their well-being strategy instead of instituting a menopause policy. This example is used to explore whether such a strategy is a more viable and effective alternative.

Study Design

An online survey was distributed amongst council workers and completed by 189 individuals. The questions covered respondents’ own experiences of menopause transition at work (where applicable) and the availability of information and support for menopause at work, as well as a range of contextual factors.

Main outcome measures

Experiences of workplace environments and relationships by those experiencing menopause.

Results

Results on menopause experiences in this council are comparable to those in organizations who have implemented menopause policies or guidelines. Contextual factors, including gendered vertical segregation and racism, are highlighted as important factors influencing the experience of menopause transition in the workplace.

Conclusions

Early indications suggest that integrating menopause support into a health and well-being strategy helps mainstream menopause issues amongst staff. Long-term assessment is required to consider whether it is more effective than introducing a menopause policy or guidelines.
A scoping review to inform care coordination strategies for youth with traumatic brain injuries: Care coordination tools
Authors: Shook Brandy , Palusak Cara , Davies Susan C , Lundine Jennifer P
Published: December 2021

Introduction & importance

Children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) report unmet needs several years after their injury and may require long-term care. However, this chronic health condition is often only treated and monitored in the short-term. Care for young persons with TBI often relies on parents to manage their child's complex care network. Effective care coordination can close these gaps and facilitate continuity of care for children with TBI. The purpose of this scoping review was to develop a better understanding of tools that improve care coordination for Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN). This, in turn, can inform care for children with TBI.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA framework and methodology. OVID/Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and ERIC databases were searched for articles relevant to care coordination tools used with CSHCN.

Results

21 articles met the criteria for inclusion in the review, and 6 major categories of care coordination tools were identified: telehealth, online health records and tools, care plans, inpatient discharge protocols, family training, and reminders.

Discussion

Studies examining telehealth, online tools, care plans, and family training care coordination interventions for CSHCN have shown positive outcomes and would be relevant strategies to improve the care of children with TBI. Future prospective research should investigate these tools to explore whether they might improve communication, reduce unmet needs, increase service access, and improve long-term outcomes for children with TBI.
Effects of Communication Style on Competence Evaluations of Soccer Referees: Procedural Versus Relational Framing
Authors: Burgers Christian , van Biemen Tammie , van Eeghen Ruben , Mann David L.
Published: December 2021

Good communication skills are important for soccer referees, but it remains unclear what exactly constitutes good referee communication. In this article, we focus on the role of verbal framing by soccer referees by contrasting the effects of procedural frames (focusing on rules and regulations) and relational frames (focusing on relational aspects) on perceptions of referee competence. We conducted an experiment ( N = 97) in which soccer referees used either procedural or relational frames to communicate about different types of in-game situations (yellow card and offside) to players. Results demonstrate that spectator perceptions of impartiality and confidence did not differ depending on the type of frame used. However, relational (vs. procedural) frames did increase spectator perceptions of respectfulness and communication skills. Soccer referees are recommended to use relational over procedural frames when communicating to players during a match.
What Does International Research Identify as the Best Practice Housing Pathways for Young People Transitioning from Out of Home Care?
Authors: Chavulak Jacinta , Mendes Philip
Published: December 2021

Young people transitioning from out-of-home care (often called care leavers) are globally a disadvantaged group who can be particularly vulnerable to experiences of housing instability and homelessness. This article presents a scoping review of international scholarly literature pertaining to housing pathways for care leavers from 2015–2020. The 15 publications identified were analysed according to location, methodology, sample accessed, key findings regarding housing pathways and outcomes, and recommendations for policy and practice reform. Our findings suggest that good transition planning, continuing support from responsible adults, the availability of safe and affordable housing and extended care till at least 21 years should enable more positive housing transitions.
On the buckling and bending analysis of FG straight-sided quadrilateral nanoplates using a continuum mechanics-based surface elastic model
Authors: Shahabodini AbolFazl , Ahmadi Bahman
Published: December 2021

In this research, an elastic model based on the continuum mechanics is developed to study the static behaviors of functionally graded (FG) arbitrary straight-sided quadrilateral nanoplates. The model is constructed in the framework of Gurtin-Murdoch’s surface and Mindlin’s plate theories to account for the surface energy and shear deformation effects, simultaneously. The variational differential quadrature (VDQ) method is used along with a mapping technique to do the discretization process in a variational framework by means of differential and integral operators. Consequently, a weak form of governing equations is obtained from the energy quadratic representation of the problem. The solution method is of a distinguished feature as it involves just the first-order derivative of the field components in the mapping and discretization. After assuring the effectiveness of presented model by doing comparative studies, the critical buckling load and static deflection of the FG nanoplates with different shapes in geometry are investigated considering the surface effects. It is found that the surface energies effect on the static behavior of the rectangular nanoplates is more significant as compared to the non-rectangular nanoplates.
The effect of moisture on the properties of cement-bonded particleboards made with non-traditional raw materials
Authors: Melichar Tomas , Meszarosova Lenka , Bydzovsky Jiri , Ledl Matej , Vasas Silvestr
Published: December 2021

The paper presents research into the changes of properties in cement-bonded particleboards caused by moisture saturation over the course of 504 h. Three particleboard variants were tested, all at the age of 18 months. The first is a standard production-line board manufactured by CIDEM Hranice, a.s. (identified as CP-R). The other two variants were modified by by-products of the particleboard manufacturing process—dust (CP-D) and a particulate mixture (CP-P). The experiment observed changes in the boards’ dimensions, volume, and mass. The effect of moisture on their basic material properties was also investigated. While the boards were being saturated by water, changes in their structure were examined using an optical microscope. It was found that the boards behave differently depending on their composition. Also there were differences in the dynamics of the property changes. The modified particleboards are more susceptible to dimensional and volume changes. Both, volume and mass undergo the most significant changes during the first 24 h. Cracks and air voids inside the wood chips begin to close upon contact with water as a result of swelling. It was observed by optical microscopy that this process occurs within 3 to 5 min since immersion in the water bath. Between 24 and 96 h the rate at which the air voids and pores are closing begins to decrease and there is a difference in the dynamics of mass and volume changes as well. Wet–dry cycling of the boards was analysed as well. Temperature and moisture fluctuations negatively affected particleboard behaviour and properties. Strength dropped up to 50%. Wider cracks in structure of the particleboards were detected by optical microscopy, namely in ITZ (internal transition zone) of cement matrix and spruce chips.
Integration of transcriptome and proteome profiles in placenta accreta reveals trophoblast over-migration as the underlying pathogenesis
Authors: Li Na , Hou Rui , Liu Caixia , Yang Tian , Qiao Chong , Wei Jun
Published: December 2021

Background

Placenta accreta (PA) is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in modern obstetrics, few studies have explored the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods

In our study, transcriptome and proteome profiling were performed in placental tissues from ten participants including five cases each in the PA and control groups to clarify the pathogenesis of PA.

Results

We identified differential expression of 37,743 transcripts and 160 proteins between the PA and control groups with an overlap rate of 0.09%. The 33 most-significant transcripts and proteins were found and further screened and analyzed. Adhesion-related signature, chemotaxis related signatures and immune related signature were found in the PA group and played a certain role. Sum up two points, three significant indicators, methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MeCP2), podocin (PODN), and apolipoprotein D (ApoD), which participate in “negative regulation of cell migration”, were downregulated at the mRNA and protein levels in PA group. Furthermore, transwell migration and invasion assay of HTR-8/SVneo cell indicated the all of them impaired the migration and invasion of trophoblast.

Conclusion

A poor correlation was observed between the transcriptome and proteome data and MeCP2, PODN, and ApoD decreased in transcriptome and proteome profiling, resulting in increased migration of trophoblasts in the PA group, which clarify the mechanism of PA and might be the biomarkers or therapy targets in the future.
Epigenetic features improve TALE target prediction
Authors: Erkes Annett , Mücke Stefanie , Reschke Maik , Boch Jens , Grau Jan
Published: December 2021

Background

The yield of many crop plants can be substantially reduced by plant-pathogenic Xanthomonas bacteria. The infection strategy of many Xanthomonas strains is based on transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs), which are secreted into the host cells and act as transcriptional activators of plant genes that are beneficial for the bacteria.The modular DNA binding domain of TALEs contains tandem repeats, each comprising two hyper-variable amino acids. These repeat-variable diresidues (RVDs) bind to their target box and determine the specificity of a TALE.All available tools for the prediction of TALE targets within the host plant suffer from many false positives. In this paper we propose a strategy to improve prediction accuracy by considering the epigenetic state of the host plant genome in the region of the target box.

Results

To this end, we extend our previously published tool PrediTALE by considering two epigenetic features: (i) chromatin accessibility of potentially bound regions and (ii) DNA methylation of cytosines within target boxes. Here, we determine the epigenetic features from publicly available DNase-seq, ATAC-seq, and WGBS data in rice.We benchmark the utility of both epigenetic features separately and in combination, deriving ground-truth from RNA-seq data of infections studies in rice. We find an improvement for each individual epigenetic feature, but especially the combination of both.Having established an advantage in TALE target predicting considering epigenetic features, we use these data for promoterome and genome-wide scans by our new tool EpiTALE, leading to several novel putative virulence targets.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that it would be worthwhile to collect condition-specific chromatin accessibility data and methylation information when studying putative virulence targets of Xanthomonas TALEs.
Spousal and living related kidney transplantation: our center experience
Authors: Ozgen Utku , Ozban Murat , Birsen Onur , Yilmaz Sevda , Dursun Belda , Ceri Mevlut , Eker Mesut , Aydin Huseyin Cagatay
Published: December 2021

Background

Kidney transplantation is the most preferred type of renal displacement therapy for end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. More patients developed ESRD. The most important source is the donations from unrelated spouses. In this study, we aimed to compare the transplantation data obtained from the spouses of the patients with the transplantation data obtained from other relatives.

Methods

The data including 167 living kidney transplantations performed between January 2006 and December 2019 were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into two groups; spousal donor group (n: 53) and living-related donor group (n: 114).

Results

There was no significant difference in delayed graft function in both groups. There were no patients with acute rejection proven by biopsy or considered biochemically in the spousal donor group. With regard to 3-year results in the living-related donor group the patient survival rate was 100%, while it was 98.2% in terms of graft survival.

Conclusions

In conclusion, similar patient and graft survival rates between spousal donor kidney transplantation and living-related kidney transplantation has made spousal donor kidney transplantation, with possible problems in terms of tissue compatibility, an acceptable alternative to donor supply.
The type of gastrectomy and modified frailty index as useful predictive indicators for 1-year readmission due to nutritional difficulty in patients who undergo gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Osaki Tomohiro , Saito Hiroaki , Miyauchi Wataru , Shishido Yuji , Miyatani Kozo , Matsunaga Tomoyuki , Tatebe Shigeru , Fujiwara Yoshiyuki
Published: December 2021

Background

Patients who undergo gastrectomy for gastric cancer (GC) are likely to have nutritional difficulty after surgery. Readmission due to nutritional difficulty is common in such patients. Thus, in this study, we aim to identify the predictive indicators for readmission due to nutritional difficulty in patients who underwent gastrectomy for GC.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed surgical outcomes in 516 consecutive patients who underwent gastrectomy for GC.

Results

The readmission rate within 1 year was 13.8%. Readmission due to nutritional difficulty was observed in 20 patients (3.9%); it was determined as the second leading cause of readmission. Multivariate analysis revealed that the type of gastrectomy and the modified frailty index (mFI) were independent predictive indicators of readmission due to nutritional difficulty. Patients were assigned 1 point for each predictive indicator, and the total points were calculated (point 0, point 1, or point 2). The readmission rates due to nutritional difficulty were 1.2%, 4.7%, and 11.5% in patients with 0, 1, and 2 points, respectively (P = 0.0008).

Conclusions

The readmission rate due to nutritional difficulty was noted to be high in patients who underwent total or proximal partial gastrectomy with high mFI. Intensive follow-up and nutritional support are needed to reduce readmissions due to nutritional difficulty. Reduced readmission rates can improve patient quality of life and reduce medical costs.
Oral and dental manifestations of celiac disease in children: a case–control study
Authors: Alsadat Farah A. , Alamoudi Najlaa M. , El-Housseiny Azza A. , Felemban Osama M. , Dardeer Faisal M. , Saadah Omar I.
Published: December 2021

Background

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy. CD may also involve complications with the oral cavity, which can result in various dental and oral pathologies. There are currently a limited number of studies on the oral manifestation of CD. This study aims to compare the oral manifestations of children with CD against healthy controls in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and methods

This study includes 208 children aged 6–14 years, distributed equally into CD patients and healthy controls. A parent completed and validated the interview questionnaire, which included the child's personal information and medical history. A dental examination was undertaken to measure possible recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), dental enamel defects (DEDs), dental caries experience, and dental malocclusion. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

Two hundred and eight participants were included (104 CD patients and 104 controls). The mean age for CD patients was 10.67 ± 2.39 years and 10.69 ± 2.36 for the healthy controls. CD children had more RAS than controls (42.3% vs. 15.4%, P < 0.001) (OR = 4.03, 95% CI = 2.09–7.81) and more DEDs than healthy controls (70.2% vs. 34.6%, P < 0.001) (OR = 4.45, 95% CI = 2.48–7.97). No significant difference was found in the frequency of malocclusion between cases and controls.

Conclusion

Saudi Arabian children with CD had a greater number of clinical findings of RAS and DEDs than healthy controls. Pediatric dentists should consider the possibility of CD in child patients presenting with RAS or DEDs.
Factor structure and internal reliability of breast cancer screening Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale in Yemeni women in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Noman Sarah , Shahar Hayati Kadir , Rahman Hejar Abdul , Ismail Suriani , Aljaberi Musheer A. , Abdulrahman Muzaphar N.
Published: December 2021

Background

The reliability and validity of the Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) used in assessing the belief of women regarding breast cancer (BC) and breast cancer screening (BCS) have been examined on various populations. However, the use of this tool has not been adequately assessed for its validity in ethnic minorities. This study assessed the validity and reliability of CHBMS by analyzing the factor structure and internal reliability of the factors among Yemeni women in Malaysia.

Methods

A survey was conducted among 103 female teachers from 10 schools. SPSS version 22.0 was utilized in analyzing the data. Descriptive statistics were computed for the socio-demographic characteristics. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were used in assessing the internal reliability. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to analyze the factor structure of the translated items. Parallel analysis was performed to determine the number of factors accurately.

Results

The alpha coefficients of the factors had acceptable values ranging between 0.76 and 0.87. The factor analysis yielded six and five factors for breast self-examination (BSE) and mammography (MMG), with a total explained variance of 47.69% and 52.63%, respectively. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) index values of 0.64 and 0.72, and the Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity (P = 0.0001) for BSE and MMG, respectively, verified the normality distribution and the adequacy of the sample size for EFA. All the items on each factor were from the same construct that were consistent with the number of factors obtained in the scale development study. The items achieved adequate factor loadings that ranged between 0.47 and 0.88.

Conclusions

The translated version of the CHBMS is a validated scale used in assessing the beliefs related to BC and BCS among Yemeni women living in Malaysia. Healthcare workers could use the scales to assess women’s beliefs on BC and BCS. This instrument could be used to test the effectiveness of the intervention programs.
Effect of food sources of nitrate, polyphenols, L-arginine and L-citrulline on endurance exercise performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: d’Unienville Noah M. A. , Blake Henry T. , Coates Alison M. , Hill Alison M. , Nelson Maximillian J. , Buckley Jonathan D.
Published: December 2021

Background

Increasing nitric oxide bioavailability may induce physiological effects that enhance endurance exercise performance. This review sought to evaluate the performance effects of consuming foods containing compounds that may promote nitric oxide bioavailability.

Methods

Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, EMBASE and SportDiscus were searched, with included studies assessing endurance performance following consumption of foods containing nitrate, L-arginine, L-citrulline or polyphenols. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted, with subgroup analyses performed based on food sources, sex, fitness, performance test type and supplementation protocol (e.g. duration).

Results

One hundred and eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis, which encompassed 59 polyphenol studies, 56 nitrate studies and three L-citrulline studies. No effect on exercise performance following consumption of foods rich in L-citrulline was identified (SMD=-0.03, p=0.24). Trivial but significant benefits were demonstrated for consumption of nitrate and polyphenol-rich foods (SMD=0.15 and 0.17, respectively,p<0.001), including performance in time-trial, time-to-exhaustion and intermittent-type tests, and following both acute and multiple-day supplementation, but no effect of nitrate or polyphenol consumption was found in females. Among nitrate-rich foods, beneficial effects were seen for beetroot, but not red spinach or Swiss chard and rhubarb. For polyphenol-rich foods, benefits were found for grape, (nitrate-depleted) beetroot, French maritime pine, Montmorency cherry and pomegranate, while no significant effects were evident for New Zealand blackcurrant, cocoa, ginseng, green tea or raisins. Considerable heterogeneity between polyphenol studies may reflect food-specific effects or differences in study designs and subject characteristics. Well-trained males (V̇O2max≥65 ml.kg.min-1) exhibited small, significant benefits following polyphenol, but not nitrate consumption.

Conclusion

Foods rich in polyphenols and nitrate provide trivial benefits for endurance exercise performance, although these effects may be food dependent. Highly trained endurance athletes do not appear to benefit from consuming nitrate-rich foods but may benefit from polyphenol consumption. Further research into food sources, dosage and supplementation duration to optimise the ergogenic response to polyphenol consumption is warranted. Further studies should evaluate whether differential sex-based responses to nitrate and polyphenol consumption are attributable to physiological differences or sample size limitations.

Other

The review protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/u7nsj) and no funding was provided.
Circulating extracellular vesicles activate the pyroptosis pathway in the brain following ventilation-induced lung injury
Authors: Chavez Laura , Meguro Julia , Chen Shaoyi , de Paiva Vanessa Nunes , Zambrano Ronald , Eterno Julia M. , Kumar Rahul , Duncan Matthew R. , Benny Merline , Young Karen C. , Dietrich W. Dalton , Brambilla Roberta , Wu Shu , Schmidt Augusto F.
Published: December 2021

Background

Mechanical ventilation of preterm newborns causes lung injury and is associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, the mechanistic links between ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI) and brain injury is not well defined. Since circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to link distant organs by transferring their cargos, we hypothesized that EVs mediate inflammatory brain injury associated with VILI.

Methods

Neonatal rats were mechanically ventilated with low (10 mL/kg) or high (25 mL/kg) tidal volume for 1 h on post-natal day 7 followed by recovery for 2 weeks. Exosomes were isolated from the plasma of these rats and adoptively transferred into normal newborn rats. We assessed the effect of mechanical ventilation or exosome transfer on brain inflammation and activation of the pyroptosis pathway by western blot and histology.

Results

Injurious mechanical ventilation induced similar markers of inflammation and pyroptosis, such as increased IL-1β and activated caspase-1/gasdermin D (GSDMD) in both lung and brain, in addition to inducing microglial activation and cell death in the brain. Isolated EVs were enriched for the exosomal markers CD9 and CD81, suggesting enrichment for exosomes. EVs isolated from neonatal rats with VILI had increased caspase-1 but not GSDMD. Adoptive transfer of these EVs led to neuroinflammation with microglial activation and activation of caspase-1 and GSDMD in the brain similar to that observed in neonatal rats that were mechanically ventilated.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that circulating EVs can contribute to the brain injury and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants with VILI through activation of GSDMD.
Establishment of a simple method to evaluate mixing times in a plastic bag photobioreactor using image processing based on freeware tools
Authors: Wurm Henrike , Sandmann Michael
Published: December 2021

Objective

Accurate determination of the mixing time in bioreactors is essential for the optimization of the productivity of bioprocesses. The aim of this work was to develop a simple optical method to determine the mixing time in a photobioreactor. The image processing method should be based on freeware tools, should not require programming skills, and thus could be used in education within high schools and in early stages of undergraduate programs.

Results

An optical method has been established to analyze images from recorded videos of mixing experiments. The steps are: 1. Extraction of a sequence of images from the video file; 2. Cropping of the pictures; 3. Background removal; and 4. Image analysis and mixing time evaluation based on quantification of pixel-to-pixel heterogeneity within a given area of interest. The novel method was generally able to track the dependency between aeration rate and mixing time within the investigated photobioreactor. In direct comparison, a pearson correlation coefficient of rho = 0.99 was obtained. Gas flow rates between 10 L h−1, and 300 L h−1 resulted from mixing times of between 48 and 14 s, respectively. This technique is applicable without programming skills and can be used in education with inexperienced user groups.
Optic neuropathy secondary to granulomatosis with polyangiitis in a patient with Graves’ disease: a case report
Authors: Sato-Akushichi Miki , Kinouchi Reiko , Kawai Naoko , Nomura Kenichiro
Published: December 2021

Background

Dysthyroid optic neuropathy is the most commonly suspected diagnosis of optic neuropathy in Graves’ patients; however, other causes need to be ruled out. We present a unique case of optic neuropathy secondary to hypertrophic pachymeningitis with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, which was suspected to be antithyroid drug related.

Case presentation

A 79-year-old Japanese male presented with acute visual loss in the left eye. He had a 24-year history of Graves’ disease and was taking methimazole. Best-corrected visual acuity was 0.8 in the right eye and light perception in the left eye, and relative afferent pupillary defect in the left eye was seen. Ocular movement was normal, and there were no findings explaining visual loss in intermediate optic media and fundus in the left eye. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated thickened dura mater. Tests for myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, proteinuria, and hematuria were positive; pulmonary nodule lesions and a blood clot in the left lower leg were also found. After excluding the presence of diseases that could lead to hypertrophic pachymeningitis, we diagnosed optic neuropathy due to hypertrophic pachymeningitis with granulomatosis with polyangiitis—a subtype of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Since he had history of using methimazole, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis was considered as drug related. We started high-dosage steroid pulse therapy followed by 1 mg/kg body weight daily of oral prednisolone, and subsequently tapered. Methimazole was stopped. Best-corrected visual acuity recovered to 0.9, 2 weeks after starting treatment. Though myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody remained negative, the symptom relapsed 6 months after treatment initiation. We gave a second high-dose steroid pulse therapy followed by prednisolone tapered together with methotrexate. Remission remained, and using 4 mg/week methotrexate without prednisolone, myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody was kept within the normal limit until now, 4 years after onset.

Conclusion

We present a case of optic neuropathy with hypertrophic pachymeningitis related to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, which was suspected to be drug related. The patient had good visual recovery after quitting the drug and receiving immunosuppressive therapy with systemic steroids. Hypertrophic pachymeningitis with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis related to antithyroid drugs should be considered as a differential diagnosis for optic neuropathy in Graves’ patients in whom optic nerve compression is not obvious.
Selinexor in combination with standard chemotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors
Authors: Thein Kyaw Z. , Piha-Paul Sarina A. , Tsimberidou Apostolia , Karp Daniel D. , Janku Filip , Fu Siqing , Subbiah Vivek , Hong David S. , Yap Timothy A. , Shah Jatin , Milton Denái R. , McQuinn Lacey , Gong Jing , Tran Yanyan , Carter Brett W. , Colen Rivka , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Naing Aung
Published: December 2021

Selinexor, an oral selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE), was demonstrated to hinder the DNA damage repair (DDR) system by reducing DDR proteins while enhancing the killing of cancer cells by DDR-based therapeutics in vivo studies. In this single-center, multi-arm phase 1b study, selinexor with carboplatin, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (DC), irinotecan with fluorouracil and folinic acid (FOLFIRI), irinotecan, and capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX), were employed as separate parallel arms. Eligible patients have relapsed/ metastatic refractory solid tumors following standard therapy or addition of selinexor to systemic therapy was appropriate. Nineteen patients were treated in the 5 arms. Tumor types included were colorectal (n  = 3), breast (n  = 3), neuroendocrine (n  = 2), ovarian (n  = 2), and pancreas cancers (n  = 2). All patients developed one treatment-related adverse events (TRAE). The most prevalent TRAE were thrombocytopenia (84%), nausea (68%), leukopenia (68%), neutropenia (63%), and fatigue (58%). The common grade 3/4 TRAE were neutropenia (42%), leukopenia (26%), and hyponatremia (21%). Three patients had dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) in 3 separate arms. Fourteen patients were evaluable for response. Although no patients achieved complete or partial response (CR or PR), seven patients attained stable disease (SD). Disease control rate (DCR) was 14%. The combination of oral selinexor with different standard chemotherapies showed limited clinical activity despite toxicity and DLT prevented further dose escalation. Optimizing supportive care, the utility of growth factors, and aggressive measures on antiemetics strategies remain tangible.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02419495. Registered 14 April 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02419495). Sponsor(s): Karyopharm Therapeutics
Digital topics on cultural heritage investigated: how can data-driven and data-guided methods support to identify current topics and trends in digital heritage?
Authors: Münster Sander , Utescher Ronja , Ulutas Aydogan Selda
Published: December 2021

In research and policies, the identification of trends as well as emerging topics and topics in decline is an important source of information for both academic and innovation management. Since at present policy analysis mostly employs qualitative research methods, the following article presents and assesses different approaches – trend analysis based on questionnaires, quantitative bibliometric surveys, the use of computer-linguistic approaches and machine learning and qualitative investigations. Against this backdrop, this article examines digital applications in cultural heritage and, in particular, built heritage via various investigative frameworks to identify topics of relevance and trendlines, mainly for European Union (EU)-based research and policies. Furthermore, this article exemplifies and assesses the specific opportunities and limitations of the different methodical approaches against the backdrop of data-driven vs. data-guided analytical frameworks. As its major findings, our study shows that both research and policies related to digital applications for cultural heritage are mainly driven by the availability of new technologies. Since policies focus on meta-topics such as digitisation, openness or automation, the research descriptors are more granular. In general, data-driven approaches are promising for identifying topics and trendlines and even predicting the development of near future trends. Conversely, qualitative approaches are able to answer “why” questions with regard to whether topics are emerging due to disruptive innovations or due to new terminologies or whether topics are becoming obsolete because they are common knowledge, as is the case for the term “internet”.
Effective GH Replacement With Once-weekly Somapacitan vs Daily GH in Children with GHD: 3-year Results From REAL 3
Authors: Sävendahl Lars , Battelino Tadej , Højby Rasmussen Michael , Brod Meryl , Saenger Paul , Horikawa Reiko
Published: December 2021

Context

Current GH therapy requires daily injections, which can be burdensome. Somapacitan is a long-acting GH derivative in development for treatment of GH deficiency (GHD).

Objective

Evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of once-weekly somapacitan after 3 years of treatment.

Design

A multicenter, randomized, controlled, phase 2 study comparing somapacitan and once-daily GH for 156 weeks (NCT02616562).

Setting

Twenty-nine sites in 11 countries.

Patients

Fifty-nine children with GHD randomized (1:1:1:1) and exposed to treatment. Fifty-three children completed the 3-year period.

Interventions

Patients received somapacitan (0.04 [n = 14], 0.08 [n = 15], or 0.16 [n = 14] mg/kg/wk) or daily GH (n = 14) (0.034 mg/kg/d, equivalent to 0.238 mg/kg/wk) subcutaneously during the first year, after which all patients on somapacitan received 0.16 mg/kg/wk.

Main Outcome Measures

Height velocity (HV) at year 3; changes from baseline in height SD score (HSDS), HVSDS, and IGF-I SDS.

Results

The estimated treatment difference (95% CI) in HV for somapacitan 0.16/0.16 mg/kg/wk vs daily GH at year 3 was 0.8 cm/y (−0.4 to 2.1). Change in HVSDS from baseline to year 3 was comparable between somapacitan 0.16/0.16 mg/kg/wk, the pooled somapacitan groups, and daily GH. A gradual increase in HSDS from baseline was observed for all groups. At year 3, mean HSDS was similar for the pooled somapacitan groups and daily GH. Change from baseline to year 3 in mean IGF-I SDS was similar across treatments.

Conclusions

Once-weekly somapacitan in children with GHD showed sustained efficacy over 3 years in all assessed height-based outcomes with similar safety and tolerability to daily GH. A plain language summary (1) is available for this study.

Clinical trial information

This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02616562 (REAL 3).
Contextualizing Educational Disparities in Health: Variations by Race/Ethnicity, Nativity, and County-Level Characteristics
Authors: Hargrove Taylor W. , Gaydosh Lauren , Dennis Alexis C.
Published: December 2021

Educational disparities in health are well documented, yet the education–health relationship is inconsistent across racial/ethnic and nativity groups. These inconsistencies may arise from characteristics of the early life environments in which individuals attain their education. We evaluate this possibility by investigating (1) whether educational disparities in cardiometabolic risk vary by race/ethnicity and nativity among Black, Hispanic, and White young adults; (2) the extent to which racial/ethnic-nativity differences in the education–health relationship are contingent on economic, policy, and social characteristics of counties of early life residence; and (3) the county characteristics associated with the best health at higher levels of education for each racial/ethnic-nativity group. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we find that Black young adults who achieve high levels of education exhibit worse health across a majority of contexts relative to their White and Hispanic counterparts. Additionally, we observe more favorable health at higher levels of education across almost all contexts for White individuals. For all other racial/ethnic-nativity groups, the relationship between education and health depends on the characteristics of the early life counties of residence. Findings highlight place-based factors that may contribute to the development of racial/ethnic and nativity differences in the education–health relationship among U.S. young adults.
2022 Fitness Trends from Around the Globe
Authors: Kercher Vanessa M. , Kercher Kyle , Bennion Trevor , Levy Paul , Alexander Chris , Amaral Paulo Costa , Li Yong-Ming , Han Jia , Liu Yang , Wang Ran , Huang Hai-Yan , Gao Bing-Hong , Batrakoulis Alexios , Gómez Chávez Lino Francisco Jacobo , Haro Jorge López , Zavalza Adrián Ricardo Pelayo , Rodríguez Luis Eduardo Aguirre , Veiga Oscar L. , Valcarce-Torrente Manel , Romero-Caballero Alejandro
Published: December 2021

Apply It!

From this article, the reader should be able to

• Identify top 20 fitness trends for Australia, Brazil, China, Europe, Mexico, Spain, and the United States.

• Recognize individual and unique fitness trends represented within Australia, Brazil, China, Europe, Mexico, Spain, and the United States.
Engaging Young People in Running Clubs: Best Practices from Marathon Kids’ Volunteer Coaches
Authors: Springer Andrew E. , Deitz Desma , Pettee Gabriel Kelley , Harris Makenzie , Trodick Brandon , Guzman Yolanda , Ediger Stefanie , Hawkins Cami , Kohl Harold W.
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Current deficiencies in children’s leisure-time physical activity in the United States and globally underscore a pressing and ongoing need to enhance child ecosystems that include school and out-of-school time settings with physical activity supports and opportunities. Marathon Kids (MK) is an international nonprofit organization that promotes children’s physical activity via school and community-based running clubs and programs. Building from the importance of indigenous knowledge and colearning with stakeholders within real-world settings for children’s physical activity promotion, we explore best practices for the implementation of children’s running clubs based on a national sample of U.S. adult volunteer MK coaches. As a secondary aim, we describe selected implementation characteristics of MK running clubs as relates to when clubs are implemented and average weekly minutes scheduled for running clubs.

Methods

This study was guided primarily by a phenomenological approach to qualitative research. Data were collected in 2019 from MK coaches via an online survey that included open and closed-ended items on MK delivery and best practices. Qualitative analyses were based on thematic analysis; quantitative analyses were based primarily on descriptive statistics.

Results

MK coaches (n = 478 out of 676 coaches; 70.7% response) from across the United States (n = 35 states) participated. Eight primary themes encapsulated the best practice recommendations: running club leadership and support network; general organization and planning; student recruitment; running club implementation; tracking/logging miles; social support; communication and public promotion of running clubs; and guiding principles for running clubs. MK coaches reported an average of 112 weekly minutes scheduled for running/walking.

Conclusions

MK coach best practice recommendations hold promise to enhance and further disseminate the establishment of volunteer-led running clubs for young people.
Subways and Urban Air Pollution
Authors: Gendron-Carrier Nicolas , Gonzalez-Navarro Marco , Polloni Stefano , Turner Matthew A.
Published: December 2021

We investigate the effect of subway system openings on urban air pollution. On average, particulate concentrations are unchanged by subway openings. For cities with higher initial pollution levels, subway openings reduce particulates by 4 percent in the area surrounding a city center. The effect decays with distance to city center and persists over the longest time horizon that we can measure with our data, about four years. For highly polluted cities, we estimate that a new subway system provides an external mortality benefit of about $1 billion per year. For less polluted cities, the effect is indistinguishable from zero. Back of the envelope cost estimates suggest that reduced mortality due to lower air pollution offsets a substantial share of the construction costs of subways. (JEL I12, L92, O13, O18, Q51, Q53, R41)
The Origins of Common Identity: Evidence from Alsace-Lorraine
Authors: Dehdari Sirus H. , Gehring Kai
Published: December 2021

We study how more negative historical exposure to the actions of nation-states—like war, occupation, and repression—affects the formation of regional identity. The quasi-exogenous division of the French regions Alsace and Lorraine allows us to implement a geographical regression discontinuity design at the municipal level. Using measures of stated and revealed preferences, we find that more negative experiences with nation-states are associated with a stronger regional identity in the short, medium, and long run. This is linked to preferences for more regional decision-making. Establishing regional organizations seems to be a key mechanism to maintaining and strengthening regional identity. (JEL H77, N43, N44, N93, N94, Z13)
Analysis of Changes in Vegetation Index Through Long-term Monitoring of Petroglyphs of Cheonjeon-ri, Ulju
Authors: Ahn Yu Bin , Yoo Ji Hyun , Chun Yu Gun , Lee Myeong Seong
Published: December 2021

In this study, vegetation index, the vegetation index calculated based on hyperspectral images was used to monitor Petroglyphs of Cheonjeon-ri, Ulju from 2014 to 2020. To select suitable the vegetation index for monitoring, indoor analysis was performed, and considering the sensitivity to biocontamination, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Triangular Vegetation Index (TVI) were selected. As a result of monitoring using the selected vegetation index, NDVI increased from 2014 to 2018 and then decreased in 2020, after preservation treatment. On the other hand, TVI was difficult to confirm the tendency during the monitoring. This difference was due to the variation in spectral reflectance according to the photographing conditions by year. Therefore NDVI is less sensitive to spectral reflectance deviation than TVI, so it can be used for monitoring. In order for TVI to be used, however, in-depth study is needed.
TRANSLATING FEAR IN BORDER SPACES. ANTONI MUNTADAS´ ON TRANSLATION: FEAR / MIEDO/ JAUF
Authors: África Vidal Claramonte Mª del Carmen
Published: December 2021

The aim of this article is to show how Antoni Muntadas’ projects deconstruct the spaces controlled by economic powers, politicians, the media and government institutions. Most Muntadas’ projects are site-specific and, therefore, focus on spaces like the city, public and private spaces or digital spaces. This article concentrates on those projects by Antoni Muntadas which show asymmetries of power in different spaces and moves on to focus on a concrete space, the border, in two projects: On Translation: Miedo/Fear, on the border between the United States and Mexico, and On Translation: Miedo/Jauf on the border between Spain and Morocco. These projects analyse how some people and others, those who are most vulnerable and those who are afraid of strangers, feel fear, depending on what side of the border they are on.
Współczesna kultura motoryzacyjna jako czynnik bezpieczeństwa uczestników ruchu drogowego
Authors: Hyb Lech
Published: December 2021

MODERN AUTOMOTIVE CULTURE AS A SAFETY FACTOR OF TRAFFIC PARTICIPANTS The book provides globally the knowledge about the automotive culture, traffic safety, national safety and significance of institutions acting in the scope of the traffic safety. It is addressed to all traffic participants, entities and institutions dealing with the issue of the broadly understood safety of traffic participants and with the protection of life and health. It can be an academic book as well as the basis of education in the field of the traffic safety, internal national safety, transport, logistics and management. Submitting this publication, I would like to express hope that its issues will be interesting for broad circles of readers, academic communities, political elites, experts, institutions and specialists of transport economy. Finally, I would like to state that the issue presented in the book has not been investigated yet and it should constitute further inspiration and interest for scientific activity and institutions specialised and acted in this thematic scope.
Transfer międzyjęzykowy w tworzeniu wypowiedzi pisemnych w języku niemieckim (L3) u polskich studentów filologii angielskiej
Authors: Boratyńska-Sumara Joanna
Published: December 2021

THE CROSS-LINGUISTIC TRANSFER IN THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING WRITTEN TEXTS IN GERMAN (L3) BY POLISH STUDENTS OF ENGLISH PHILOLOGY This monograph investigates the phenomenon of cross-linguistic interactions, which are manifested during producing texts in L3 in the school context. Attention is focused here on the analysis of one example concerning manifestations of these interactions – of the cross-linguistic transfer appearing in written texts of English philology students in their second foreign language (L3) – German language.