bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OMNIDIRECTIONAL FILTERING BASED ON ZERO-AVERAGED REFRACTIVE INDEX GAP IN PHOTONIC QUANTUM WELL STRUCTURES
Authors: BO TAO , LI FU-LI , FENG YU
Published: October 2009

A photonic quantum well (PQW) structure based on the zero-averaged refractive index gap is constructed and the transmission properties are investigated. Quantized confined photonic states resulting from the photonic confinement effect are observed. We find that the resonant transmissions are not only weakly dependent on the incident angle but also insensitive to polarization of light. More importantly, the number of the confined photonic states can be controlled by simply adjusting the cell number of the well photonic crystal. It is shown that strong field localization is found when the well photonic crystal consists of positive-index material or single negative material. Particularly for the PQW structure containing single negative material, the field in the well region can be highly enhanced by modulating the size of the well photonic crystal. These peculiar features make this PQW structure superior to the conventional PQW structure in potential applications such as omnidirectional filtering and optical bistable switching.
ULTRACOMPACT DIRECTION AND FREQUENCY FILTER CONSISTING OF ALTERNATING METAL LAYERS AND AIR LAYERS
Authors: XU FEI , WEI MING
Published: October 2009

The transmission properties of a periodic structure consisting of alternating metal layers and air layers are studied by numeric methods. The metal layers are the epsilon-negative (ENG) materials. The interaction of the evanescent waves in metal layers and propagation waves in air layers forms some special transmission bands. Given proper structure parameters, one transmission frequency only allows one incident direction in the low frequency range. This structure can simultaneously achieve frequency filtering and direction filtering.
HIGH POTENTIAL GRADIENT OF ZnO VARISTORS PREPARED BY Y2O3-DOPING AND LOW-TEMPERATURE SINTERING
Authors: KE LEI , JIANG DONG-MEI , WANG CHUN-XIA , MA XUE-MING
Published: October 2009

A high potential gradient of ZnO varistors were fabricated by Y 2 O 3-doping and low-temperature sintering. The value of the potential gradient increased to 2460.5 V/mm with the Y 2 O 3 content of 0.08 mol% and the sintering temperature of 800°C. The effects of Y 2 O 3-doping and sintering temperature on the electrical properties of ZnO varistors were investigated. Under the given experimental conditions, additive Y 2 O 3 exists in the form of Y 2 O 3 phase after sintering at 800°C. High-energy ball-milling in the early period of the experiment induced the grain refinement and realized the sintering formation at the lower temperature of 800°C. Both Y 2 O 3-doping and low-temperature sintering restrained the ZnO grain growth and increased the potential gradient.
CRYSTAL GROWTH, THERMAL, OPTICAL AND MICROHARDNESS STUDIES OF TRIS (THIOUREA) MAGNESIUM SULPHATE: A SEMIORGANIC NLO MATERIAL
Authors: PASUPATHI G. , PHILOMINATHAN P.
Published: October 2009

Single crystals of tris (Thiourea) magnesium sulphate (MTS) were grown from aqueous solution by low temperature solution growth technique. The grown crystals have been characterized by X-ray diffraction to confirm the formation of the crystalline phases. The presence of functional groups was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The optical transmission spectrum showed that a lower cut-off wavelength of MTS crystal is below 300 nm and it has a wide transparency window, which is suitable for second harmonic generation of laser in the blue region. The thermal stabilities were studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Nonlinear optical characteristics of MTS were studied using Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (λ=1064 nm ). The micro-hardness studies reveal the mechanical properties of the grown crystals.
ANALYTICAL DETERMINATION OF NUCLEATION FIELD AND MAGNETIC REVERSAL MODES IN EXCHANGE-COUPLED NANOLAYERS
Authors: ZHAO G.-P. , YANG CHUN , XIAN C.-W. , FENG Y.-P.
Published: October 2009

General formulae for coherent/incoherent nucleation fields have been obtained as functions of the thickness of the hard and soft layers within a self-contained micromagnetic model for a hard/soft trilayer. The nucleation modes are determined reliably by direct comparison of the nucleation fields for different modes. It is shown that coherent nucleation cannot take place no matter how small the layer thickness. For small soft layer thickness, the magnetic reversal mode is an incoherent nucleation. As the soft layer thickness increases, the dominant magnetic reversal process is domain-wall motion/pinning. Analyses demonstrate that negative nucleation field and very small coercivity occur when the easy axes of neighboring layers are perpendicular. The results could shade light on Brown's coercivity paradox (where the measured coercivity is much smaller than the one given by the previous theories).
General News
Authors: Li Joseph K.-K.
Published: October 2009

The 12th SCBA International Symposium at the Academia Sinica.
ON THE STABILITY OF THE EARTH'S FLUCTUATIONS SPECTRAL PEAKS AT THEIR LOWEST AMPLITUDE LEVEL
Authors: VILA J. , MACIÀ R. , SLEEMAN R. , CORREIG A. M.
Published: October 2009

We studied Earth's fluctuations at its lowest level of excitation, in an attempt to gain insight into the underlying features of such activity. We used a set of 42 worldwide broadband seismic stations that were individually analyzed for at least one year in successive 30-minute windows. The power spectrum of each window was computed and, for each station, the series of spectra were sequentially compared and the frequency bin of lowest amplitude was selected. This resulting "pseudo" spectrum contains the minimum contribution of signal that is present in all 30-minute windows (minimum amplitude for each frequency component). We refer to this "pseudo" spectrum as the Base Level Noise Seismic Spectrum. By comparing the minimum spectra at different stations, we find that for continental stations all spectra coalesce to a common shape and amplitude. This feature is notable for the northern hemisphere stations. Continental stations in the southern hemisphere share the same shape and predominant peaks as those of the northern hemisphere, but with higher amplitude. Stations at oceanic or continental margin sites differ slightly from continental stations, presenting strong fluctuations but sharing the same spectral peaks. These results confirms our previous findings that microseism activity at its lowest level can be interpreted as the resonant response of the Earth.
NON-GAUSSIAN NOISE-ENHANCED INTRINSIC STOCHASTIC OSCILLATIONS IN CATALYTIC NO REDUCTION WITH CO ON SMALL-SIZE PT SURFACES
Authors: GONG YUBING , XIE YANHANG , HAO YINGHANG , XU BO
Published: October 2009

We numerically study the effect of a particular kind of non-Gaussian colored noise (NGN) on the intrinsic stochastic reaction rate oscillations (RRO) in NO reduction with CO on small-size Pt surfaces. It was found that the RRO can be enhanced by the appropriate noise strength, correlation time, in particular, the deviation of the NGN from Gaussian noise. Furthermore, there is an optimal NGN by which the RRO can be most greatly enhanced. This result shows that the RRO can be enhanced by different types of the NGN, and can reach the best oscillatory state by utilizing one optimal type of the noise. A simple explanation for the phenomenon is given.
VECTOR FIELD DESIGN OF SCREW-TYPE CHAOS
Authors: MATHAI NEBU JOHN , ZOURNTOS TAKIS , KUNDUR DEEPA
Published: October 2009

The design of a screw-type chaotic system in [Formula: see text] is presented whereby the dynamical equations are constructed using geometric methods that produce a vector field with the desired properties. We utilize piecewise linear and constant dynamics for simplicity; the piecemeal dynamics are combined using switching functions. An analysis of the system shows invariance and the absence of equilibria — implying the existence of limit cycles and strange attractors; a bifurcation diagram confirms the existence of these behavioral modes and that the system undergoes a period-doubling cascade to chaos. We finally present a hardware realization of this system, and oscilloscope traces showing a chaotic system trajectory.
ANALYSIS OF A GENERALIZED LANGEVIN EQUATION WITH FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVE, NONLOCAL DISSIPATIVE FORCE AND LINEAR EXTERNAL FORCE
Authors: FA KWOK SAU
Published: October 2009

We analyze the motion of a particle governed by a generalized Langevin equation with fractional derivative, nonlocal dissipative force and linear external force. We consider the dissipative memory kernel given by the exponential and power-law functions. For these cases, one can obtain exact results for the relaxation function. The long-time behavior of this function is also investigated. Our results show that the inertial term has no significant influence on the long-time behavior.
CLIPPING DISTORTION SUPPRESSION IN OVERSAMPLED CODED OFDM SYSTEMS USING A NOVEL SOFT DECODING PROCEDURE
Authors: ALI-HEMMATI RUHOLLAH , AZMI PAEIZ
Published: October 2009

In this paper, a soft decoding method is proposed for QAM-modulated coded OFDM systems. This technique efficiently mitigates the distortion caused by clipping the oversampled-OFDM signals. Because the main advantage of an OFDM system is its robustness in fading channels, where this system turns a frequency selective channel into a set of parallel flat non-selective fading sub-channels, in this paper, we analyze the performance of the proposed method over flat fading Rician sub-channels. Our simulation results show that the proposed soft decoding technique significantly outper-forms the conventional hard decoding method.
TIME-DELAY PROPERTIES OF A STOCHASTIC-RESONANCE INFORMATION TRANSMISSION LINE
Authors: IBÁÑEZ S. A. , FENDRIK A. , FIERENS P. I. , PERAZZO R. P. J. , GROSZ D. F.
Published: October 2009

In this paper we analyze the properties of a chain of forward-coupled bi-stable over-damped oscillators. It is well known that this system displays stochastic resonance and behaves as a transmission line when an adequate amount of noise is added to each oscillator, and the first oscillator is driven by a periodic (sine) modulating signal. By driving the first oscillator with a modulated sequence of random non-return-to-zero (NRZ) bits, we start by showing that the system exhibits a stochastic-resonance behavior. Then we show that bit delays can be adjusted by either changing the amount of noise and/or the coupling intensity between adjacent oscillators. We find that the system can be regarded as a tunable delay line for a broad range of noise and coupling parameters, a feature that may find applications in information processing and bit regeneration.
COMPLEXIFIED FRACTIONAL HEAT KERNEL AND PHYSICS BEYOND THE SPECTRAL TRIPLET ACTION IN NONCOMMUTATIVE GEOMETRY
Authors: AHMAD RAMI EL-NABULSI
Published: October 2009

From points of view of physics, fractional operators represent a vital role for describing intermediate processes and critical phenomena in physics. Subsequently, fractional Action-Like Variational Approach in the sense of Riemann–Liouville fractional integral has lately gained significance in exploring nonconservative dynamical systems found in classical and quantum field theories. Within the same framework, fractional Dirac operators are introduced and the fractional spectral action principle is constructed and some interesting consequences are discussed. In particular, we show that the fractional spectral triplet action is complexified and the disturbing huge cosmological term may be eliminated. The generalization of the problem in view of the generalized fractional integration operators, namely the Erdélyi–Kober fractional integral is also discussed.
A RELATION BETWEEN SUPERTRIALITY AND SUPERTWISTOR
Authors: AMINIZADEH M. , BAHRAMPOUR Y.
Published: October 2009

We write down our supertriality axioms and introduce the Jordan superalgebra associated to a supertriality. We show how to write the supertriality operations directly in terms of supertwistors.
CONCURRENT π-VECTOR FIELDS AND ENERGY β-CHANGE
Authors: YOUSSEF NABIL L. , ABED S. H. , SOLEIMAN A.
Published: October 2009

The present paper deals with an intrinsic investigation of the notion of a concurrent π-vector field on the pullback bundle of a Finsler manifold (M, L). The effect of the existence of a concurrent π-vector field on some important special Finsler spaces is studied. An intrinsic investigation of a particular β-change, namely the energy β-change ([Formula: see text]with[Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] being a concurrent π-vector field), is established. The relation between the two Barthel connections Γ and [Formula: see text], corresponding to this change, is found. This relation, together with the fact that the Cartan and the Barthel connections have the same horizontal and vertical projectors, enable us to study the energy β-change of the fundamental linear connection in Finsler geometry: the Cartan connection, the Berwald connection, the Chern connection, and the Hashiguchi connection. Moreover, the change of their curvature tensors is concluded.

It should be pointed out that the present work is formulated in a prospective modern coordinate-free form.
η-EINSTEIN TANGENT SPHERE BUNDLES OF CONSTANT RADII
Authors: CHUN SUN HYANG , PARK JEONG HYEONG , SEKIGAWA KOUEI
Published: October 2009

We study the geometric properties of the base manifold for the tangent sphere bundle of radius r satisfying the η-Einstein condition with the standard contact metric structure. One of the main theorems is that the tangent sphere bundle of the n(≥3)-dimensional locally symmetric space, equipped with the standard contact metric structure, is an η-Einstein manifold if and only if the base manifold is a space of constant sectional curvature [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text].
An Interview with Jerry Harding
Authors: Kabay M. E.
Published: October 2009

Type80 Security Software, Inc. Managing Director Jerry Harding reflects on three decades of involvement with mainframe computers.
Protecting intellectual property rights through information policy
Authors: Raman Karthik
Published: October 2009

In today's electronic world, an organization's intellectual property is sometimes its biggest asset. Much time and money can be saved, and frustration and litigation avoided if company policy dictates ownership and use of intellectual property.
Ann Kirschner on marketing and distribution of online learning
Authors: Kirschner Ann
Published: October 2009

Outside of business schools, the very word "marketing" makes most universities uncomfortable, as does the idea of students as customers. But the world of higher education is becoming increasingly competitive. Fathom, named for the double idea of comprehension and depth, was a milestone in the evolution of online learning and a prototype of where things are headed.
S. Joy mountford on interface design
Authors: Ubiquity staff
Published: October 2009

The ultimate technology world will be soft, flexible and addressable. But the issues will remain the same, according to interface designer S. Joy Mountford: What do people like and what do people want?
Has the microsoft of today become the IBM of the late '80s?
Authors: Andersen Espen
Published: October 2009

Microsoft is the chief target of accusations of unfair competition, buggy software, and general conspiracy theories. The company could learn a few tricks from an old dog like IBM.
OakUT - C++ unit test framework
Authors: Kochhar Vishal
Published: October 2009

The OakUT framework helps users approach tests in a uniform way and provides a neat structure for the whole test suite of a system.
Arthur K. Cebrowski on transformation of defense
Authors: Ubiquity staff
Published: October 2009

By anticipating evolution in social, threat and technological landscapes, the Office of Force Transformation makes changes before they're needed.
An Interview with Joichi Ito
Authors: Ubiquity staff
Published: October 2009

Joichi Ito, founder of Neoteny and other Internet companies, finds that cyberspace is embracing it roots — collaboration, community, and personal communications — with bloggers leading the way.
Interfaces for staying in the flow
Authors: Bederson Benjamin B.
Published: October 2009

Psychologists have studied "optimal human experience" for many years, often called "being in the flow". Through years of study, the basic characteristics of flow have been identified. This paper reviews the literature, and interprets the characteristics of flow within the context of interface design with the goal of understanding what kinds of interfaces are most conducive to supporting users being in the flow. Several examples to demonstrate the connection to flow are given.
An alternative proposal for privatization of Pakistan Telecommunication Co
Authors: Abd al-Hameed Muhammad
Published: October 2009

How the Government can start receiving immediate cash proceeds from the privatization of its telecommunication monopoly without waiting for a foreign strategic buyer
An Interview with Frans Johansson
Authors: staff Ubiquity
Published: October 2009

By exploring the intersections between different disciplines and cultures, one may discover the next groundbreaking ideas.
Michael Schrage on Innovation
Authors: Ubiquity staff
Published: October 2009

Looking for the great clients who are the true innovators? Co-director of the MIT Media Lab's eMarkets Initiative, a senior advisor to MIT's Security Studies Program, and a consultant to MIT's Langer Labs on technology transfer issues, Michael Schrage conducts research on the economics of innovation. His particular focus is on the role of models, prototypes and simulations in managing interactive iterative design, an area in which he works with a number of companies.
Mihai Nadin on Anticipatory Systems
Authors: Ubiquity staff
Published: October 2009

What is the difference between a falling stone and a falling cat? Mihai Nadin, who directs the newly established Institute for Research in Anticipatory Systems at the University of Texas at Dallas, holds a Ph.D. degree in aesthetics from the University of Bucharest and a post-doctoral degree in philosophy, logic and theory of science from Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich, West Germany. He earned an M.S. degree in electronics and computer science from the Polytechnic Institute of Bucharest and an M.A. degree in philosophy from the University of Bucharest. He has authored 23 books, including "The Civilization of Illiteracy," "Mind: Anticipation and Chaos," and "Anticipation: The End is Where We Start From."
Anita McGahan on Industry Evolution
Authors: Ubiquity staff
Published: October 2009

Anita M. McGahan is author of the new book 'How Industries Evolve: Principles for Achieving and Sustaining Superior Performance' (Harvard Business School Press). She is the Everett V. Lord Distinguished Faculty Scholar and Professor of Strategy & Policy at the Boston University School of Management, as well as a Senior Institute Associate at Harvard's Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness.
A Concise Guide to the Major Internet Bodies
Authors: Simonelis Alex
Published: October 2009

The bodies responsible for the Internet's protocols and parameters can be said to steer the Internet in a significant sense. This document, by Alex Simonelis of Dawson College in Montreal, is a summary of those bodies and their most important characteristics.
Francis Hsu
Authors: Hsu Francis
Published: October 2009

"Plato's Ideal Types helps explain not only how our minds work, but perhaps also how computer software should work
PCs in the classroom & open book exams
Authors: Golub Evan
Published: October 2009

What are the motivations behind giving an open-book/open-notes exam? Does giving free access to all of the resources of the Internet conflict with these motivations?
Joseph Konstan on Human-Computer Interaction
Authors: Ubiquity staff
Published: October 2009

An interview with Joseph Konstan: Konstan is an associate professor of computer science at the University of Minnesota. His background includes a bachelor's degree from Harvard College and a PhD from the University of California-Berkeley. His principal interests are human-computer interaction, recommender systems, multimedia systems, information visualization, internet applications and interfaces.
Intrusion prevention systems
Authors: Ierace Nick , Urrutia Cesar , Bassett Richard
Published: October 2009

Intrusion Prevention Systems are an important component of IT systems defense, and without this technology our data and our networks are much more susceptible to malicious activities.
Remote from reality
Authors: Marcus Aaron
Published: October 2009

You cannot even begin to imagine the pain of achieving high-definition pleasure.
A software fix towards fault-tolerant computing
Authors: Saha Goutam Kumar
Published: October 2009

This article describes a low cost software technique for transient fault detection and fault tolerance in a processing system. The random errors caused by potential transients, Electrical Fast Transients (EFT) can be controlled by this proposed technique. Transient errors, if present, are detected and then necessary recovery action can be taken for attaining higher system reliability and tolerance thereof. It is a very cost effective tool for the application design engineers than the traditional expensive hardware fixes, or N-Version programming.
You should use both sides of your brain, right?
Authors: Ubiquity staff
Published: October 2009

Author Dan Pink argues that "nowadays, the fault line between who gets ahead and who doesn't is going to be mastery of these abilities that are more characteristic of the right hemisphere — artistry, empathy, big picture thinking. Those are the sorts of abilities that I think are really going to matter the most, not only in our individual career success, but also in our personal satisfaction."
Building smarter
Authors: Ubiquity staff
Published: October 2009

Architect and industry analyst Jerry Laiserin is an advocate for "building smarter" - the application of information technology to transform the way the built environment is designed, constructed and operated. His technology strategy publication, the LaiserinLetter, can be found at.
An Interview with Leonard Kleinrock on nomadic computing
Authors: Ubiquity staff
Published: October 2009

Leonard Kleinrock developed the mathematical theory of packet-switching, the technology underpinning the Internet, while a graduate student at MIT a decade before the birth of the Internet which occurred when his host computer at UCLA became the first node of the Internet in September 1969. He is now at UCLA, where he is Professor of Computer Science. He has won numerous awards and prizes for his achievements.
Computers and the embodied nature of communication
Authors: Tripathi Arun Kumar
Published: October 2009

The world is... the natural setting of, and field for, all my thoughts and all my explicit perceptions. Truth does not "inhabit" only "the inner man," or more accurately, there is no inner man, man is in the world, and only in the world does he know himself. Maurice Merleau-Ponty: Phenomenology of Perception, Preface (1945)For the modern Man it is not so important to feel the Desire (Lust) or Listlessness (Unlust), but to animate themselves; Für den modernen Menschen ist es nicht mehr wichtig, Lust oder Unlust zu empfinden, sondern angeregt zu werden (Friedrich Nietszche, S. 108, Vom Übermenschen zu überreizten Menschen, "Paul Virilio, Die Eroberung des Körpers, Hanser Verlag, 1994)
A novel 3-tier XML schematic approach for web page translation
Authors: Saha Goutam Kumar
Published: October 2009

The proposed 3-Tier XML schematic approach is to demonstrate how to embed syntactic, semantic and computational linguistic metadata information in the structure of an XML document and how the various markups help in Internationalization and Localization processes toward faster and more meaningful machine translation of Web contents from one human language to another human language. In this approach, an XML content author needs to embed a source human language specific metadata information in an XML document. Various markups used in this novel 3-Tier XML Schematic approach are very useful for the machine translation of a web content. This is a significant step forward toward better internationalization and localization of web pages as well.
Artificial and Biological Intelligence
Authors: Kak Subhash , C. Donald , Delaune Elaine T. , Donald C.
Published: October 2009

Subhash Kak of Louisiana State University says that "humans will eventually create silicon machines with minds that will slowly spread all over the world, and the entire universe will eventually become a conscious machine."
An Interview with Scott McKinley
Authors: Ubiquity staff
Published: October 2009

Neumont University co-founder and CEO Scott McKinley says the most innovative aspect of the Neumont curriculum is its focus on student projects: "Our freshmen are on project teams from the very beginning. Their first projects are simple, heavily scaffolded, and commensurate with their novice skills. By the time they enter their last three quarters, they're working on real industry projects for serious names that work with us, including IBM and Microsoft."
A Three-Dimensional Model for Evaluating Software Development Projects
Authors: Prasad K. V. K. K.
Published: October 2009

In this model created by Dr. K.V.K.K. Prasad, software development is viewed in two dimensions (despite the title), based on the answer to the questions: 1) Is it inspired by considerations of utility and value? 2) Does it advance software technology?
Review of Great Software Debates by Alan M. Davis
Authors: Bedingfield Carl
Published: October 2009

In his review of Davis's book of essays, "Great Software Debates," Carl Bedingfield concludes: "The industry needs this book."
INDUS
Authors: Borah Kallol
Published: October 2009

Kallol Borah began development of the Indus project at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras in 2002. Indus demonstrates how general purpose object oriented programming languages can be extended to enable ubiquitous computing applications.
A low-cost testing for transient faults
Authors: Saha Goutam Kumar
Published: October 2009

Unconventional and low - cost software implemented testing technique for processor transient faults are briefly discussed here. On-line signatures of the Processor Status Register have been used here for detecting transient faults.
Fault tolerance in web services
Authors: Saha Goutam Kumar
Published: October 2009

This paper demonstrates how to design a fault tolerant web application that relies on an affordable redundancy in data and function using Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). The proposed approach relies on a Single-Version fault tolerance model without using multiple versions or the N-Version fault tolerance model. The work aims to design a more dependable and reliable Web Service system at no extra cost on multiple versions.
Electronic scanning in space of the planar array of four patch antennas
Authors: Latif A. , Oulad-Said A. , Ouahman A. Ait
Published: October 2009

The rectangular patch antenna is set to play a significant role in the development of the next-generation wireless communication systems. The purpose of this report is to provide the design of the rectangular patch antenna system by studying the performance of patch antenna array, and to achieve the electronic scanning in space of the radiation patterns by a four rectangular patch antennas plan array. The designed patch antenna square array will have an array of four elements and its performance will be evaluated in terms of radiation patterns.Results given by the MATLAB and PCAAD (Personal Computer Aided Antenna Design) software will be tabulated and antenna radiation patterns will be plotted for discussion before wrapping up with a conclusion and suggestion on future developments.
802.16 2001 MAC layer QoS
Authors: Hayat Bashir , Mansoor Raheel , Nasir Abdul
Published: October 2009

This paper reviews 802.16 2001's MAC layer QoS metric. It explains the importance of QoS and its parameter set; defines types of services supported by this standard; explores the main entity of the MAC layer used for transportation that is service flow and how the QoS metric is associated with it, as well as the relationship of service class and service flow. It further explains the authorization model and two phase activation. In the end it explains dynamic service flow and dynamic service messages in detail
The waning importance of categorization
Authors: Andersen Espen
Published: October 2009

The mobile phone has caused us to plan less and communicate more. The Internet causes us to categorize less and search more - and media's increasing Internet nervousness is driven not just by fear of diminishing revenues but from the fear of a loss of importance of categorization. When everybody can find everything and networked computers determine what is relevant, media companies lose their ability to create agendas. To maintain their influence, they will need to let the Internet shape their main products, not desperately try to keep the world as it is.
Application semantic driven assertions toward fault tolerant computing
Authors: Saha Goutam Kumar
Published: October 2009

Based on semantics of an application processing logic, we find out the most critical and sensitive parts of an application and we derive set of conditions or assertions among the various diagnostic checkpoint variables and we enhance the processing logic to enable it to detect run-time various operational or environmental faults toward fault tolerant computing. This paper examines how a single-version algorithm can establish software based fault tolerance by designing in thoughtful software based execution-time checks in a computing application. The algorithm developed here relies on various assertions that are derived from the semantics of an application. Various diagnostic assertive checkpoints have been derived based on an application's semantics. This work is not intended to correct bit-errors using conventional error correction codes. Errors have been detected through checkpoints and periodical execution of an application with known test data and verification of observed result with known result thereof. Electrical transients or small particles hitting the circuit, often cause random errors or faults in data and program flow. The manuscript describes an algorithm that allows the detection and recovery of transient or operational failures in software on a specific problem, just by using one version of a software program running on just one machine. This approach does not aim to tolerate software design bugs. This algorithmic approach uses various run-time signatures and validation thereof in order to detect faults.
New approach to designing GPRS location update function
Authors: Aaroud A. , Bounabat B. , Latif A.
Published: October 2009

Wireless IP network has attracted significant interest due to their ability to support both voice and data transfer in mobile communication. One of the main issues concerning such network is the analysis and design of mobility function particularly the location management. In this paper, we focus on modelling location update function in wireless network standard GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) by using an agent approach [1].
State of the art smart spaces
Authors: Singh Ramesh , Bhargava Preeti , Kain Samta
Published: October 2009

Smart spaces are ordinary environments equipped with visual and audio sensing systems, pervasive devices, sensors, and networks that can perceive and react to people, sense ongoing human activities and respond to them. Their ubiquity is evident by the fact that various state of the art smart spaces have been incorporated in all situations of our life. These smart space elements require middleware, standards and interfacing technologies to manage complex interactions between them. Here, we present an overview of the technologies integrated to build Smart Spaces, review the various scenarios in which Smart Spaces have been incorporated by researchers, highlight the requirements of software infrastructure for programming and networking them, and mention the contemporary frameworks for interaction with them.
AI re-emerging as research in complex systems
Authors: Delic Kemal A.
Published: October 2009

The history and the future of Artificial Intelligence could be summarized into three distinctive phases: embryonic, embedded and embodied. We briefly describe early efforts in AI aiming to mimic intelligent behavior, evolving later into a set of the useful, embedded and practical technologies. We project the possible future of embodied intelligent systems, able to model and understand the environment and learn from interactions, while learning and evolving in constantly changing circumstances. We conclude with the (heretical) thought that in the future, AI should re-emerge as research in complex systems. One particular embodiment of a complex system is the Intelligent Enterprise.
Evolutionary biclustering of gene expressions
Authors: Banka Haider , Mitra Sushmita
Published: October 2009

With the advent of microarray technology it has been possible to measure thousands of expression values of genes in a single experiment. Biclustering or simultaneous clustering of both genes and conditions is challenging particularly for the analysis of high-dimensional gene expression data in information retrieval, knowledge discovery, and data mining. The objective here is to find sub-matrices, i.e., maximal subgroups of genes and subgroups of conditions where the genes exhibit highly correlated activities over a range of conditions while maximizing the volume simultaneously. Since these two objectives are mutually conflicting, they become suitable candidates for multi-objective modeling. In this study, we will describe some recent literature on biclustering as well as a multi-objective evolutionary biclustering framework for gene expression data along with the experimental results.
Ubiquity interview with Neumont's Graham Doxey
Authors: Ubiquity staff
Published: October 2009

Neumont University in Salt Lake City was featured in Ubiquity two years ago, with an interview with one of its founders, Scott McKinley. We wanted to go back and see how they're doing at this new and unique institution, about which senior vice president Julie Blake has explained: "The industry has said for years that even our best universities aren't preparing students for the workplace. Neumont was founded to fill that niche." Below is a Ubiquity interview with Neumont cofounder and President Graham Doxey.
A roadmap towards the convergence of business process management and service oriented architecture
Authors: Kamoun Faouzi
Published: October 2009

Traditionally Business Process Management (BPM) and Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) have been pursued as two independent initiatives. Recently, the BPM-SOA combination is being advocated as the best approach, enterprises have, to bring a closer alignment between business processes and IT resources and reach the desired business agility and responsiveness to changing business requirements. This article takes a closer look to the BPM-SOA convergence trend. It recognizes that the convergence landscape is not as smooth as many believe. The article then tries to sketch a roadmap to further facilitate a broader BPM-SOA adoption, while identifying the main hurdles standing in the BPM-SOA convergence landscape.
Economic recognition of innovation
Authors: Rao Balkrishna C.
Published: October 2009

Globalization has benefited the economies of member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) by helping their businesses stay profitable through cost-effective outsourcing of mostly garden-variety tasks and some knowledge-based activities. With time, the latter will account for the lion's share of work outsourced and emerging export houses will also tend to cater more to their own domestic markets because of their expanding infrastructure and growing manpower possessing advanced skills. This will result in a leveled playing field coaxing developed countries to adopt widespread innovations to maintain their high perch in the economic pecking order. Such large-scale creativity can be managed better if it could be gauged with an appropriate measure. This work propounds a new economic measure called the Gross Domestic Innovation (GDI) to quantify innovations in OECD countries. It will supplement universal measures such as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), productivity and numbers concerning employment. Apart from the methodology for its estimation, the impact of GDI on the various facets of a vibrant economy is discussed and inter alia, the role of GDI in fighting inflation and alleviating the negative influences of globalization is stressed. Also, a tentative analysis on the economies of U.S., Japan, Germany and China is presented to illustrate the concept.
New design of the miniature microstrip antennas for mobile communications
Authors: Latif A. , Hilal R. , Ouahman A. Ait
Published: October 2009

The aim of this paper is to study the miniature patch antenna (patch antenna λ/8) fed by a coaxial line, and the design comparison of this antenna by two methods: The Transmission Line Model (TLM) and the G-L-C Parallel Circuit Model. An adaptation of the microstrip antenna λ/8, by the setting up of a capacitor in the middle of the probe-feed is achieved.

The modeling and the design of the miniature patch antenna will be made by the TLM; a particular attention will be carried on the results got on the level of the bandwidth. The second part is based on the idea of microstrip patch antenna starting from the G-L-C Parallel Circuit Model, (by order of 14 %), which gives the bandwidth more interest than in the first method (TLM).

The results obtained by the two methods (Input Impedance, reflection coefficient, SWR and bandwidth) will be given by the programs in MATLAB software.
Technology transfer and modernization
Authors: Irrgang Bernhard
Published: October 2009

Technique- or technology-transfer is based in many ways on technological and economic paths that were often created by European colonization and have been intensified by Industrialization and Globalization. On the one hand, the modern age is a constantly developing planetary truth, a truth that impacts every society in the world. On the other hand, societies in third world countries have not produced this condition themselves because modernity is an external imposition. This means the modern age turns to be an unavoidable destiny for them. Traditional modernization and technology transfer abstract from almost all contextual factors. That is why technological development and modernization are being compared across continents and assessed with more or less value, not considering the cultural and social contextual circumstances. This supposes on one hand that the western way into the modern age has a model character, is normative and there are no alternatives to it. Also, it is supposed that the modern age is a desirable objective and that compensation leads to equal final situations.

A requirement for technological standards and for technology transfer are innovations which constantly promise new development paths and stable institutional settings that can be monitored over a long period. These setting have to be ensured by the cultural system, especially by their social-economical dimensions. Also, the religious dimension is a part of this setting, and in Africa and South-east Asia is closely connected to the form and style of life and to culture. Secularization comparable to the western world only takes place in major cities, as they are islands of modernization. For thousands of years, technological process innovations such as technology transfer have been digested by cultural embedding and not through modernization. This might vary from place to place but in general it shows the same development. Heteronomous transfers meet culturally motivated resistance or are ignored, whereas the circumstances of technology transfer are a bit different. It is not being identified with culture transfer and does not automatically lead to a broad modernization but to a form of development with a speed of cultural adjustment - for sure slower than required by modernization. But this development can mostly be digested with the help of the embedding-paradigm. It is our task to generate forms of modernization with consideration for cultural embedding and traditions.
About english
Authors: Stuckey John
Published: October 2009

I read Philip Yaffe's two recent Ubiquity pieces with interest, all the more so because I myself have plunged back into an international experience after sampling the delights of retirement for a year.
Whatever happened to cybernetics?
Authors: Gagliano Ross , Gehl John
Published: October 2009

Has the discipline of cybernetics been unable to recognize and respond to appropriate "midcourse corrections" and in the process had its destiny imposed by external "turning points"? (A mid-course correction is an endogenously determined action as in the classical "sense-processact" sequence, whereas a turning point is simply a reaction to that which is exogenously imposed; i.e., "being overcome by events."
Renovation of minimum spanning tree algorithms of weighted graph
Authors: Pal Sanjay Kumar
Published: October 2009

In this paper we describe and explain the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) generation algorithms of a weighted graph with renovated idea. Here, we used a new cycle testing algorithm for testing cycles, if required, in generation of Minimum Spanning Tree. The reason behind this is to optimize the execution time for cycle testing. Also, we describe some Minimum Spanning Tree algorithms for weighted graph with a renovated idea. We applied here new concept for explanation of minimum Spanning tree with better time complexity.
Collective intelligence
Authors: Tipton Bill
Published: October 2009

Are you looking for new ideas to leverage your IT to allow your workforce to collectively be more efficient at solving complex problems? Want to transform your corporation so that it can reach new heights?
Some observations on mind map and ontology building tools for knowledge management
Authors: Sarker Biplab K. , Wallace Peter , Gill Will
Published: October 2009

Ontology is a fundamental data object for organizing knowledge in a structured way in many areas ranging from philosophy to Knowledge Management. Knowledge capture, knowledge integration and knowledge delivery are the essential parts of dynamic knowledge management. E-Learning is considered to be an integral part of knowledge delivery system. Information architect plays an important role in developing the system, and are primarily responsible for capturing and modeling knowledge from various Information sources as a part of eLearning. Ontology is found to be useful and efficient as a basis to capture the knowledge, model it in a structured way and disseminate it for further processing from various information sources. In this paper, we present a brief description on the role of ontology in e-learning and review the ontology building tools. The purpose for reviewing ontology building tools is to determine the toolkit most suitable for ontology creation, editing, and mind/concept mapping from the view points of Information Architects (IAs) who play a significant role in designing knowledge management systems. The paper also gives a fundamental understanding of ontology tools available on the market as open source products as well as commercial products in terms of their capability, availability, enhancement and further development. We provide a ranked list of the tools based on our needs and suitability for the IAs.
Generation of a random simple graph and its graphical presentation
Authors: Basuli Krishnendu , Naskar Saptershi
Published: October 2009

Most of the physical and mathematical problems can be formulated in terms of Graph Theory [1]. Generation of a single spanning tree for a simple, symmetric and connected graph G is well known polynomial time solvable problem [1]. Also there are some intractable problems like Graph Coloring, Vertex Connectivity, Isomorphism etc. in graph theory [2,3]. To solve these problems we need some Soft computing approaches like GA, SA, Fuzzy Set, Rough Set etc. [4,6].
Arrogance or efficiency? a discussion of the Microsoft office fluent user interface
Authors: Kabay M. E.
Published: October 2009

1 Introduction I was writing an e-mail message the other day using Microsoft Office Outlook 2007 and clicked on the button for adding one of my signature blocks. Presto! Most of my message disappeared! Investigation and testing showed that the behavior was unpredictable; sometimes, only the existing default signature was replaced by the new signature but occasionally the program became confused and wiped out portions of the text as well.
An Interview with Michael Schrage on Ubiquity
Authors: Ubiquity staff
Published: October 2009

Author of several acclaimed books and numerous articles in such publications as Fortune and Technology Review, Michael Schrage is also a world-traveling consultant to all businesses great and small. He has been at MIT for many years, and his new academic home will be in that institution's Sloan Management School.
Smart phones
Authors: Singh Ramesh , Bhargava Preeti , Kain Samta
Published: October 2009

1. INTRODUCTION Pervasive Computing integrates computation in the environment rather than computers which are distinct objects. Other terms for pervasive computing ubiquitous computing, calm technology, things that think and everyware. In other pervasive computing means computers everywhere, making them available the physical environment while making them effectively invisible to the user. having a desktop or a laptop machine, the technology pervasive computing embedded in the environment. Ubiquitous technology is often wireless, networked making its users more connected to the world around them and the it. Through pervasive computing, users use today's digital tools like laptops, phones, PDAs, smartphones to communicate and exchange information in different and conceive and use the geographical and temporal spaces differently. In being an aspect of information dissemination, pervasive or ubiquitous computing global and local, social and personal, invisible and visible at the same time.
Software-Implemented Fault Detection Approaches
Authors: Saha Goutam Kumar
Published: October 2009

A comparative study on various software-implemented fault detection approaches has been briefly described in a tabular form
The non-autonomy of the virtual
Authors: Malpas Jeff
Published: October 2009

Much contemporary talk of virtual 'worlds' proceeds as if the virtual could somehow be considered as in competition with or as an alternative to the world of the 'nonvirtual' or the 'everyday'. This paper argues that such a contrast is fundamentally mistaken, and that the virtual is not autonomous with respect to the everyday, but is rather embedded within it, and an extension of it.
Software Columbo
Authors: Yaffe Philip
Published: October 2009

Decade after decade, perhaps the most popular type of television program has been the detective story, the traditional "who dun it?", presumably because people enjoy being held in suspense. It is therefore instructive to note that one of the most popular TV detective shows of all time has no suspense to it whatsoever.
Scarce resources in computing
Authors: Andersen Espen
Published: October 2009

How we organize computing - and innovate with it - is shaped by what at any time is the most scarce resource. In the early days of computing, processing (and, to a certain extent, storage, which up to a point is a substitute for processing) was the main scarce resource. Computers were expensive and weak, so you had to organize what you did with them to make as much out of the processing capacity as possible. Hence, with the early computers, much time was spent making sure the process was fully used, by meticulously allocating time for users on the machine - first with scheduled batch processing, then with time-sharing operating systems that rationed processing resources to users based on need and budget.