bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Existence or Non-Existence of a Therapist in Group Counseling and Stages of the Group Development with Variant Characteristics Occurring Throughout the “Breakfast Club”
Authors: Aslan Mehmet
Published: July 2017

The role of a therapist is a high stake issue in group counseling for its variant roles in providing safe havens, not only in regard with providing a secure setting but also for the overall development of all group members as they go through some certain stages until they reach a termination of meetings as in achieving the desired change in the behavior among the group members. One of the well-known roles tailored to a therapist in group counseling is being a moderator rather than being a therapist as well as being a counselor, and\or psychologist etc. Thus, the question of the need for existence or non-existence of a therapist in group counseling arises given that the group members take such roles instead. In this study, the inquiry of an answer to such a question is investigated together with developmental stages observed on a 5 membered counseling group in “Breakfast Club” that has no therapist; instead the members of the counseling group take the role of a therapist one for another to overcome their psychological difficulties, and moderate the 5 stages of the development together with an additional stage that can be called post termination stage or follow up of the development.
Imagology of Iranians in One Thousand Nights and One Night
Authors: Ghabool Ehsan , Ravansalar Mina
Published: July 2017

Imagology is a branch of comparative literature which explores the image of one nation in the literature of another nation. One Thousand Nights and One Night is among the important books which can show the image of different nations and people such as Indians, Iranians and Arabs. Since the oldest version of the book is in Arabic, it is considered an Arabic literary work though it was translated from a Persian tale in the first place. On this basis the study of the image of Iranians in One Thousand Nights and One Night can be included under the definition of imagology. In this article, first we explain, analyze and study the image of Iranians in the book One Thousand Nights and One Night with respect to 1. anthropology (including entertainments, personification of animals, disapprobation of lies and betrayal of spouses), 2. religious and mythical beliefs (including the belief in daevas and jinnis, magic, fire-worshipping and similar plots), 3. politics (emphasizing the position of vizier and his family in government), 4. economics (emphasizing economic prosperity), then we will compare the collected information with the image of Iranians in credited works and in this way we will identify the similarities and differences of Iranians’ image in One Thousand Nights and One Night and the above-said literary works. Finally we come to this conclusion that the similarities belong to the real image of Iranians in the pre-Islamic days and that differences show the image of post-Islamic Iran which is added through Arabic translation.
Aspect and Verbal Action in Albanian - Activity Verbs
Authors: Prendushi Gjilda Alimhilli
Published: July 2017

In this article we introduce and analyze the morfo-syntactic behaviour of activity verbs in standard Albanian.The grouping of verbs by their lexical-semantic meaning deals with the study of the way of presentation of the action development. To the verbal action we refer when we are looking to analyze and classify the lexical meanings of different verbs, which are grouped or separated by the means of word formation. Even in the cases when for the expression of verbal action are used special syntactic constructions, these are, still, as a function of their respective lexical meaning. However, they don`t deal with the grammatical meanings but with the lexical meanings of these constructions. In the case of aspect there are grammatical oppositions, expressed with grammatical means, therefore with different forms of the same verb. The aspect in the Albanian language is realized, above all, by the change of tenses, as amongst the imperfective and the perfective (aorist), instead of the verbal action that, generally, it is not indicated by the means of conjugation. Finally, we will study the meanings related not from individual lexical meaning, but from the general lexical meaning. It is this feature that makes the verbal action in Albanian an objective category, different and distinguishable from the subjective category of aspect .
Diagnoses of (Con)temporality: J.-F. Lyotard, J.-L. Nancy, M. Krieger, and P. Gilroy
Authors: Bobrowska Ewa
Published: July 2017

This paper focuses on the comparison of various theories of contemporality that emphasize the categories of time, movement, and contingency. The argument concerns the contemporary philosophy of Jean-François Lyotard, Jean-Luc Nancy, Murray Krieger, and Paul Gilroy. In his paper Time Today Lyotard perceives contemporary consciousness in terms of, extended by modern technology, capacity of implementing the past narratives within the structures of temporality. Meaning proceeds from the emotional attitude toward those past events. In this view, present immigration problems are linked to the issue of space related dimensions of traditional culture and its tendency towards inertia. On the other hand, Lyotard points to a new emerging model of the contemporary technology-based culture, which manages to surpass the obstacles of locality. However, as Lyotard claims, this process, based on the merging of technology, science and culture, does not lead to the increase of educational, economic, and moral standards of society, but instead gives rise to ”barbarism, illiteracy, impoverishment of language, new poverty.” In reference to Leibniz’s concept of a complex monad, Lyotard juxtaposes memory to event claiming that the modern era is characterized by the domination of oppositional forces of rationalizing and contingency. This opposition is analyzed in the light of a comparable concept introduced by Derrida based on the confrontation of the terms: event and machine.Moreover, a postcolonial critic Paul Gilroy in his Postcolonial Melancholia describes contemporary social phenomena with the use of terms conviviality, multiculturalism, immigration, race, globalism, and planetarity, which also encompass contingency and movement.
The Classical Languages and Their Actual Contribution - The Case of German and Greek
Authors: Bramo Elvis , Cullhaj Salian
Published: July 2017

In our research on lexical and linguistic interference from one language to another, the case of the Greek language contact with German has drawn our attention. Greek, as one of the most widespread classic languages in the world, came through the Latin channel to convey her words, mostly science (eg mechanics) and the arts (eg aesthetics) in German-speaking countries.
Automatic Language Identification
Authors: Qafmolla Nejla
Published: July 2017

Automatic Language Identification (LID) is the process of automatically identifying the language of spoken utterance or written material. LID has received much attention due to its application to major areas of research and long-aspired dreams in computational sciences, namely Machine Translation (MT), Speech Recognition (SR) and Data Mining (DM). A considerable increase in the amount of and access to data provided not only by experts but also by users all over the Internet has resulted into both the development of different approaches in the area of LID – so as to generate more efficient systems – as well as major challenges that are still in the eye of the storm of this field. Despite the fact that the current approaches have accomplished considerable success, future research concerning some issues remains on the table. The aim of this paper shall not be to describe the historic background of this field of studies, but rather to provide an overview of the current state of LID systems, as well as to classify the approaches developed to accomplish them. LID systems have advanced and are continuously evolving. Some of the issues that need special attention and improvement are semantics, the identification of various dialects and varieties of a language, identification of spelling errors, data retrieval, multilingual documents, MT and speech-to-speech translation. Methods applied to date have been good from a technical point of view, but not from a semantic one.
The Intercultural Competence in Advertising Translation
Authors: Çullhaj Salian , Bramo Elvis
Published: July 2017

In this article, we would like to examine one of the most difficult types of translation, namely the translation of advertising texts. Why one of the most difficult? Because it's not enough to master the source language for translating an advertising. Even if you can easily translate knotty technical instructions, it's doesn’t guarantee that you will accurately render an advertising article into another language. The translator must be able to think creatively, and it is not so easy to learn. In addition, the purpose of the advertising translation is not just to transfer the meaning of words, but also to attract potential customers. No other text does attempt such a task.
Using Movies in Efl Classrooms
Authors: Goctu Ramazan
Published: July 2017

This research examines the attitudes and awareness of foreign language (EFL) learners to the integration of English movies in their classes in terms improving their foreign language skills. 25 intermediate level students studying English in Faculty of Education and Humanities in Philology Department at International Black Sea University, Tbilisi, Georgia, participated in this study. Students watched the movies at home and films were analyzed at the lectures. After analyzing the films, 7 various questions were asked to students in order to obtain their awareness towards the using films in ELT classrooms. The findings of the study indicated that students have positive attitudes towards the use of movies in their classes in terms of improving their language skills. Until quite recently, it was difficult to find pedagogically sound film material to help students improve their language through watching film, and teachers had to spend many hours creating their own materials. However, with the advent of the internet there is now a wealth of online resources for both language teachers and their students. This study is remarkable for teachers who are willing to use movies in their classes as a tool to improve their learners` foreign language level.
Understanding Students’ Perspective and Use of Technology for Language Learning at Islamic Boarding School
Authors: Sarah Sarah Fitri
Published: July 2017

Pesantren or Islamic Boarding school is one of the oldest Islamic Institutions in Indonesia, home to the the largest muslim population in the world. There are two types of pesantren, traditional (salafi) and modern (khalaf). In selected modern pesantren, students are obliged to communicate in Arabic and/ or English language as a part of their bilingual program. The implementation of English in daily conversation requires students to acquire high level of English proficiency. The purpose of this study is to provide insight of ESL acquisition and practice, technology use to enhance language learning, and future enhancement of language learning through students’ lenses. The writer distributed questionnaire and conducted focus group discussion to thirty Darul Ulum Islamic Boarding School students. The findings showed that while there are restrictions on the use of technology devices in pesantren, half of students feel that they have sufficient exposure to English through traditional teaching program. However, many students acknowledge that they have limited vocabulary that addresses to their daily lives, thus they would like to find more resources that accommodate this needs. Finally, based on the findings, this paper suggests that pesantren allows for more access to technology devices and diverse resources of ESL as well as availability of librarian or experts that can help students to use technology for learning efficiently.
Cases Where Soft Power is Being Ignored
Authors: Luli Elira
Published: July 2017

Today, in times of globalization and anarchy regarding global security concerns and global order in general, one can expect a dramatic shift to soft power in approaching unresolved sensitive issues that have plagued and petrified the whole system of international relations. But since there is friction and lack of constructive communication between great powers global disorder will continue to disperse divergences, conflicts, exclusions, cultural-ideological biases and extremism around the world. The world environment reveals itself uncertain with a bunch of challenges ahead that require the utilization of soft power values and its potential to resolve some of these sensitive issues in a durable time frame. Although globalization tends to shrink the role of hard power in general because of the growing interdependence relation among states, one can still observe some cases where states base their actions solely on hard power or are still attached to its means and strategies. Conversely, other states seem unwilling to share and exchange values or attracts other actors or states by argument or persuasion in order to achieve common goals. This paper aims to analyze the role of soft power, namely the power to persuade and attract through its “values dimension”, its effectiveness to complement hard power and cases where its role has been ignored.
Direct Participation of Citizen in Democratic Decision Making at the Local Level
Authors: Fazliu Ramiz
Published: July 2017

The Essence every proper democracy is characterized by the level of participation of citizens in decision-making for different local issues and affairs. The right of direct participation of citizens in decision-making on local issues proclaimed even by the norms prescribed by domestic legal frame (countries apart) but also internationally, which determine in an almost standardize form the participation of citizens in decision-making such as civic initiatives, gatherings of citizens, referendum, public audience, polls, surveys, petitions etc. Through these forms of participation citizens are directly involved in making decisions about local affairs and issues related to the life and the common interests of the local level. Therefore, people with their participation can influence in decision-making in various fields, such as, in the area of decision-making for local policies dealing with legal acts (regulations and other local acts), plans and programs, as well as concrete development projects at the local level. The object of this paper deals with the most common forms of citizen’s participation in decision making at the local level which are illustrated with some concrete examples on how is regulated by legal norms and practically implemented in some countries with developed democracies: the USA, Great Britain, Switzerland and the countries of Central and Southeastern Europe such as Estonia, Hungary, Kosovo
Personal Data Protection and the Empowerment of Civil Liberty, Justice and Security: Universal Value of Globalization
Authors: Jashari Ruzhdi
Published: July 2017

Protection of personal data and the privacy, at the time of final approval of the New Regulation on the protection of personal data, for the subjects of personal data brings hope; however, it is to believe that "in a world with protected privacy." Despite the challenge of protection of personal data in the era of colossal development of communication technology, the Internet and the major inventions of smart portable mobile devices, some new legal provisions are put in the Regulation of the EC, EU and the Parliament, in the future strengthens the protection of personal data; Freedom, justice and security, as notions that are spread in our country Kosovo, are the constitutional and legal obligations to provide stability to the country. However, the institutional strengthening of the law in this regard, with compact action (interaction) between the competent authorities within the country, our region and the competent authorities of the segment of rights and freedoms, justice and security of the EU, the EC and the European Parliament will undoubtedly bring success in the overcoming of challenges, through which the personal protection of data is going through. Strengthening of the National Authorities of personal data protection and freedom of information, is, and remains, the main input of justice, freedoms and security, now as standard globalist values.
Roads and Railway Lines in Serbia after the Balkan Wars
Authors: Jagodić Miloš
Published: July 2017

This paper deals with Kingdom of Serbia’s plans on roads and railways construction in the regions annexed 1913, after the Balkan Wars. Plans are presented in detail, as well as achievements until 1915, when the country was occupied by enemy forces in the World War One. It is shown that plans for future roads and railways network were made according to the changed geopolitical conditions in the Balkan Peninsula, created as the consequence of the Balkan Wars 1912-1913. The paper draws mainly on unpublished archival sources of Serbian origin.
Classroom Management
Authors: Kurti Elida
Published: July 2017

This paper aims to reflect an effort to identify the problems associated with the educational learning process, as well as its function to express some inherent considerations to the most effective forms of the classroom management. Mentioned in this discussion are ways of management for various categories of students, not only from an intellectual level, but also by their behavior. Also, in the elaboration of this theme I was considering that in addition to other development directions of the country, an important place is occupied by the education of the younger generation in our school environments and especially in adopting the methods of teaching and learning management with a view to enable this generation to be competitive in the European labor market. This, of course, can be achieved by giving this generation the best values of behavior, cultural level, professional level and ethics one of an European family which we belong to, not just geographically. On such foundations, we have tried to develop this study, always improving the reality of the prolonged transition in the field of children’s education. Likewise, we have considered the factors that have left their mark on the structure, cultural level and general education level of children, such as high demographic turnover associated with migration from rural and urban areas, in the capacity of our educational institutions to cope with new situations etc. In the conclusions of this study is shown that there is required a substantial reform even in the pro-university educational system to ensure a significant improvement in the behavior of children, relations between them and the sound quality of their preparation. Used literature for this purpose has not been lacking, due to the fact that such problems are usually treated by different scholars. Likewise, we found it appropriate to use the ideas and issues discussed by the foreign literature that deals directly with classroom management problems. All the following treatise is intended to reflect the way of an effective classroom management.
Overeducation and Mismatches at the Labour Market - Albania Case
Authors: Elmazaj Migen
Published: July 2017

There is a constant increase in the graduates supply in the labour market in Albania. It seems that the expansion is going on a basis that risks distorting the distribution of students not in line with labor market needs. These expansions have been predicated on the assumption that more education is good for individuals and for society as a whole, not only in terms of economic outcomes like wages or employment, but also for a wide range of social outcomes like improved health and higher well-being. However, along with expansion of the system has come a range of new questions that have emerged as consequence of being many more tertiary graduates. For example, has the increase in tertiary graduates resulted in an oversupply of workers with tertiary qualifications, and thus a decline in the ‘value of a degree?’ If overeducation is a temporary disequilibrium or a permanent feature of economy; if the subject of degree affects the likelihood of being overeducated etc. are raised. This paper represents a research, aiming a total covering of the labour market measuring the overeducation rate for the graduates in Albania and drawing some take aways. The main contribution of the paper consists in providing estimations of graduate overeducation rate in national level. Some guidelines for possible recommendations for policies makers, relevant government agencies, higher education institutions, parents and other stakeholders involved in higher education sector in Albania, are also provided.
Modernism, God, and Church in the Thinking of J. Macbride Sterrrett
Authors: Ciprian Simuț
Published: July 2017

Modernism was a movement that impacted the church. In spite of the fact that many modernists wrote against the church, there were some, such as J. Macbride Sterrett, who not only defended the church, but also integrated modernist principles into their perspectives on what the church should be. Sterrett was also a clergyman in the Protestant Episcopal Church, which offered a deeper meaning to his modernist thought. This paper presents the main ideas in relation to history, church and society. His perspectives defend the identity of the church and its use in modern society. Sterrett’s ideas are useful also because they present a purpose for the church, that is quite easy to understand for the secular environment.
Job Discrimination and Ethics in the Workplace
Authors: Furxhi Gentisa , Stillo Sonela , Zake (Furxhi Enslemvera
Published: July 2017

Every society wants to have an ethical community. Although, that every citizen wants to be treated as equal, studies show that discrimination and gender inequality in employment relationships are present in every society, at any time. Discrimination is: treating a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin color, sex, sexuality, etc . Job discrimination is when institutional decisions, policies, or procedures are at least partially based on illegitimate forms of discrimination that benefit or harm certain groups of people. Developed societies have a lower rate of job discrimination than developing societies have. Although, it is unclear why in these societies with economic civilization and culture development, job discrimination still exists, when the right of employment is sanctioned and guaranteed by Labor Code and by specific laws. The most common forms of job discriminations are discriminations based on gender, race, ethnic origin, religion, age. New forms are based on disability, sexual orientation, genetics and lifestyle. Not all discrimination is intentional or conscious. Sometimes people favor some groups of people over others as a matter of personal preference, or unconsciously accept stereotypes. Whatever, job discrimination is intentional or it is conscious, it is always immoral. Job discriminations violates utilitarian, rights and justice principles of ethics. Our study is focused to see how much job discriminations is widespread in Albanian society. We will analyze forms of discriminations to have a clear view which are the most common job discriminations types in Albania. Also, we will figure out if employees who have been discriminated in the workplace, have reported this unethical behavior to their supervisor or at the relevant state bodies. At the end, we will see if there has been any punishment to those who use discrimination to the employees.
The Pension System of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Problems and Perspectives
Authors: Bošnjak Nikolina
Published: July 2017

The ageing of population, economic crisis and expectation that state should ensure the social security and adequate living standard to its citizens are imposing a big pressure on modern state budgets and pension systems. In this paper we will state all main problems of Pension System of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a special accent on the political system interference in reform strategy and process. We will also identify the main guidelines for reform process, and once again emphasize the importance of benevolent political system into its implementation.
The Music’s Role in Socialization of the Romani in Turkey: “Musician School” Project Example
Authors: Helvaci Ayhan
Published: July 2017

The Romani, who are the people always looked from a distance throughout the history, scared and feared, have always been so close and so far away at the same time. It is hard for every society to accept what is not the same with it, the “other”. However, a Project was planned, with the idea of from local to universal, so that The Romani, who can perform the intercultural carrier, transfer their life-style in a fun way through their language with the music they create, could socialize, instead of being seen as the “other”. Within this Project, it is planned that various groups with a certain musical talent, consisting of The Romani, will have a four-year education in different areas of music and will be helped to share their talent with the society. With this Project, The Romani will tell their dreams, sadness, fights, and their nonchalance of life and their forgotten lives that no one doesn’t want to see or could not see through their songs and dances, which comes from the assumption that it will contribute their unity with society. The artistic activities of the Romani, who are different color in our country, having a rich cultural variety, should be supported. That the natural ability to music and dance in the Gypsies are not limited within them, and that these talents are turned into productivity in different areas of music will both support their development and increase their social value. In this study, Bursa Metropolitan Municipality Conservatory “Musician School” (Çalgıcı Mektebi) Project, designed in 2011 within the scope of music’s role in socialization of the Romani, is examined and it is aimed to present this Project.
Family and Its Role in a Healthy Education of Adolescent
Authors: Ceka Dritan , Vadahi Fatmir , Jaku Anila
Published: July 2017

Over the centuries the family is going through constant transformations as a result of the continuous process of evolution. It forms its shape under the conditions of life which dominate in a certain place and a certain time. Family in our country, has quickly changed with the social changes that are characteristic of our historical period of transition given the circumstances as a society we have experienced. Society regardless stages of its transformation or transition from one system to another, can not evade what is the basis of the continuation of its journey educating seed with acceptable norms of morality, education and culture necessary for the conduct of civilized life. Today there are several factors that affect adolescents and education. Today our Society in facing various difficulties in the education of their offspring. As in Albania and Montenegro today we rise or schooled teenagers in conditions completely different from their predecessors fathers and mothers. Today the competent authorities do not exercise their influence in Institutions of education enough so the family is difficult to educate teens genuine requirements Notwithstanding her desire that their offspring be better. Today in the vicinity of schools have full local where sold alcoholic beverages and tobacco. Given the fact that this problem among adolescents in Ulcinj and Shkodra did not take one by a survey earlier this issue we decided to develop a questionnaire research with adolescents in these two cities close to the geography, but in different states with a not distant geographical longitude.
Cooperation and Importance of School and Family on Values Education
Authors: Yaşaroğlu Cihat
Published: July 2017

Values are one of the basic identifier of personality traits and are not innate but acquired by training. Although values can be taught in all stages of life, values education gain importance in childhood because personality takes shape in it. Values education firstly begins in family, than continues at educational institutions. Basic values are acquired respectively by taking parents as role models and education at schools. For the strengthened personality traits, the values thought at whole life must be coherent. Especially consistency of school and family that is important on children personality highlights for values education. If there is no consistency between the values that students learned or witnessed in the school and in the family, then conflicts are occurred and these situations cause personality disorders. This research aims to investigate the importance of family and school consistency in values education and how it should be during fundamental/primary education level. Considering findings, proposals were developed for family and school in values education.
Government Regulation, Technology and Development of SME-s
Authors: Koti Sorina , Merollari Klaudeta
Published: July 2017

The aim of the paper is to analyze the factors that determine business growth and the impact on the GDP of the country. The paper analyses Albania, as one of the countries in the South East Europe. Albania is still passing through a transition period at all levels, economic and political. Albania has made serious steps in the development of the state of law, of the financial system and it is working on the achievements of goals, such as: becoming an EU member, stabilization of the fiscal and monetary policies, stability of prices, fighting against corruption, incentives for private investments, reduction of business’s taxes etc. The achievement of these goals will bring more motivation and incentives for growth, an increase in domestic and foreign direct investments. The government of Albania is still working on the future strategies that will bring Albania near to the European countries. The partial achievement of the above goals has created a positive environment, but still there is enough room for change and stabilization. The Albanian governments have improved the business climate, in order to create easier methods in the way of doing business, by attracting more foreign investors and creating a positive climate. Albania has experienced an increase of interest from foreign companies, which have invested in the main fields of economic such as: banking, energy, telecommunication, gas-oil, supermarkets, construction etc. However, some fiscal policies have changed during the last three years, which has caused a tightening of credit, investment, growth and income. Nowadays, Albania is not in a good position compare to neighborhood countries and it is facing recession problems that need immediate solution to overcome the crisis.
Political Parties and Their Role in the Systems of Government
Authors: Qerimi Vait
Published: July 2017

In modern democracies, political parties have a very important political role. The existence of political parties is vital for the functioning of democracy. Political parties remain the cornerstone of the systems of government, and without their presence and operation, it is impossible to talk about the system and democratic institutions. Governance in a democracy means to and through political parties. Political parties and competition between them create the political system. Political parties constitute the central object of political sciences and they are almost always the main protagonists in the political systems. They undoubtedly represent the political power and the motor of parliamentarianism. Through the parliamentary action, the political parties build and operate the entire state structure of a state, regarding the functioning of parliament, the government, the head of state, to the local government bodies and other political institutions. Political parties are the socially dynamic forces representing one of the most significant achievements of democracy. This is well-argued with their very central role and crucial importance of the parties.
Aggressiveness in Adolescents Aged 15-18 Years Old, Under the Influence of Social Environment and the Introduction of New Technologies in Every Day Life
Authors: Lamcja Flora , Zeqaj Armando
Published: July 2017

Aggressiveness in Adolescents Aged 15-18 Years Old, Under the Influence of Social Environment and the Introduction of New Technologies in Every Day Life
Marketing in Insurance Industry, Marketing Functions in Insurance Industry
Authors: Zekaj Besnik
Published: July 2017

According to the logic of economic laws of market economy, the existence of enterprises is determined by it as to organize and realize the sale of their products and services. So, insurance companies or companies in this case can only exist if developed, increasing their activities in the field of insurance services that offer their clients. The need for marketing development in the field of insurance as service activities, in economic conditions of today's market it is necesery increase, so even the functioning of the insurance market today depends on the marketing of products that insurnace companies offer customers through insurance market. In theoretical terms it is defined as the marketing concept of the market, management and leadership in the company, which instead of former production orientation, the orientation of the market inaugurates the general policy of the enterprise. Marketing plays a key role in insurance market to meet supply and demand, because insurance products are products that are not seen, not touched, but exist only in the form of pledges. Selling a promise requires a confidence, a belief that the service provider will be realized if the loss will occur. In any other economic or economic subject, whether manufacturer or service does not have such kind of product. Marketing insurance plays a manifold, on the one hand made product promotion security, then raise the awareness of citizens about models of protection from risks , increased reliability to consumers , the cost of paying for the promise given by the insurer if a loss occurs will accomplished.
The Evolution of the Role of the National Parliaments in the Treaties of the Europian Union
Authors: Beqiraj (Mihani) Pranvera
Published: July 2017

This paper elaborates the evolving role of national parliaments in the different stages of the European integration process. The Review begins with the first stage (the foundation of the European Union) where national parliaments showed no or little interest in the matters of Community, and then the impact of Single European Act, following the first changes in the Maastricht Treaty, through the two Declarations attached to it and then the Protocol to the Treaty of Amsterdam. Finally the paper focuses on the changes and innovations presented in the Lisbon Treaty which will enhance the role of national parliaments in the European Union governance. For this purpose, the paper analyzes chronologically the rights that national parliaments had before the Lisbon Treaty and the new role of national parliaments after the Lisbon Treaty came into force.
The Importance of Communication, Cooperation of the Leader in the Process of Leadership in Education
Authors: Krypa Marigonë
Published: July 2017

Communication is a complex process and an important element of human activity. Communication is an act of transfering data and information from one person to another person and also a skill that is learned through life. By different authors there are different definitions and descriptions of the communication process. Presented in this paper is the importance of the communication process leader during leadership, effective communication factors, ineffective and communication. Leader during the leadership uses different ways of communication are covered: Interviews, communication with two or more people, meetings, meetings, masiv- media communication, public communication, etc. Organizing meetings during the show director community must correctly, be prepared and be a good example for others.
Investigation of Attitudes and Perceptions of Human Resource Managers at Hospitality Establishments Regarding Affirmative Action Programs A Case Study in Eskişehir-Turkey
Authors: Uysal Davut , Temizkan Rahman , Taslacı Nazmi
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions and attitudes of human resource managers at some hospitality organisations regarding the employment of disadvantaged individuals as part of affirmative action program in the province of Eskişehir-Turkey. This study is a qualitative study focusing on real cases to inspire other organisations. The data were collected through active interviews, and the collected data was analysed through the use of manual qualitative data analysis methods. The findings of the study reveal that perceptions of human resource managers regarding disadvantaged individuals at hospitality organisations are closely related to disabled individuals. They do not have positive attitudes towards the employment of disadvantaged individuals in tourism as part of affirmative action programs. They are also against positive discrimination of disadvantaged individuals in the employment in tourism for some reasons. All these findings suggest that participants are confused about some terms regarding affirmative action.
An Introduction to Program Accreditation in Foreign Language Schools in Turkey
Authors: Karaferye Figen
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study is to examine the process of accreditation and the widespreadly preferred accreditation institutions in the preparatory programs of universities in Turkey. Accreditation process in English language teaching requires the involvement of all employees in the process from the upper management level to the lower level. It develops and evaluates language teaching in a multifaceted way as physical facilities, education, academic staff and management. Conducting an action research in a preparatory program which is planning to begin an accreditation process is suggested for further research following this review.
The Importance of Professional Training for Establishing Psychological Health Workers
Authors: Radoja Dukata
Published: July 2017

Training is an important part of modern European healthcare services and is often cited as a way to improve care quality. Health workers constantly participate in training aimed at enhancing their professional, although often noted lack of training adapted to their specific needs. The purpose of this study was to identify the needs for vocational training that nursing Shkodra need to handle psychologically their patients where specifically the main goal is to recognize the level of practical skills adviser to the profession of a nurse, techniques, application of these skills in hospital settings. Results of the study reported that about 63.3% of subject report that they are trained on the techniques of psychological counseling, about 18.5% of the subjects are familiar with these training through scientific articles, about 41.1%, through announcements made by the Directorate of Public Health, 18.5%, via the internet, 16.1% are recognized through curricula, 5.6% through newspapers. And 87.4% of subjects were equipped with skills and techniques to handle the emotional state of patients or their families, while 12.6% report that these exercises are not equipped with these skills, as about 90.7% of the sample report that would have liked to be trained to enhance their professional skills in dealing with emotional concerns etc.
SMEs’ Intention towards Sustainable Entrepreneurship
Authors: Majid Izaidin Abdul , Latif Aziz , Koe Wei-Loon
Published: July 2017

Environmental degradation could be considered as one of the negative consequences of entrepreneurial activities. As such, entrepreneurs are urged to be proactive in resolving environmental problems through sustainable entrepreneurship. However, this new practice has not been fully accepted and exercised by many SMEs. Moreover, the studies pertaining to sustainable entrepreneurship are also very scarce in the literature. Therefore, this paper was conducted to investigate the contexts that directly and indirectly influence the SMEs owner-managers’ intention towards sustainable entrepreneurship. A model was developed based on Theory of Planned Behaviour and Entrepreneurial Event Model. This study surveyed 404 SMEs in Malaysia by using self-administered questionnaires. It found that owner-managers’ intention towards sustainable entrepreneurship was rather encouraging. In addition, factors such as positive sustainable value, favourable sustainable attitude, supporting social norm and sufficient governmental legislation directly increased the intention towards sustainable entrepreneurs. Moreover, those factors were also found to indirectly influence the intention through individual’s perception. As such, this paper pointed out some critical factors that should be emphasized in promoting and developing sustainable entrepreneurship. Some recommendations for future studies have also been given at the last part of this paper.
Relationship Between Glass Ceiling Syndrome and Self-Efficacy; in Health Sector
Authors: Kılıç Taşkın
Published: July 2017

Objective of the study: In the line management of the busines life, women’s taking a back seat more than men, in related literature, is entitled to “Glass Ceiling” term. Objective of this study is to specify the perception of Glass Ceiling of women work in health sector in proportion to men work in same sector, also, to identify relation between self-efficacy term which has important effects on career success and Glass Ceiling syndrome. Methodology of the study: 100 managers, 100 employee work in the institutions of the ministry of health and 100 new graduate (not assigned yet management trainee), in total, 300 people form the research sample. The research was conducted by face-to-face survey. The obtained data were subjected to analysis in SPSS software. Result of the study: as a result of the research, it has been found that women have more Glass Ceiling syndrome according to men. Between self-efficacy and glass ceiling syndrome, scientifically no meaningful results have been obtained on age and title.
Peer Influence and Adolescent Sexual Behavior Trajectories: Links to Sexual Initation
Authors: Peҫi Blerta
Published: July 2017

This study aims to revisit the studies reported in the area of peer influence with reference to health behavior. Peer groups are social groups that consist of people of the same age and have similar interests and usually equal in terms of the education and social class. Peer groups are important as they tend to provide a space to make friends. They also help provide social and emotional support as well as an identity and a sense of belongingness to a social group, especially during adolescence. The authors have found that sexual behavior is one of the many areas in which teens are influenced by their best friends and peers. Teens are more likely to have sex if their best friends and peers are older, use alcohol or drugs, or engage in other negative behavior. Similarly, they are more likely to have sex if they believe their friends have more positive attitudes toward childbearing, have permissive values about sex, or are actually having sex. The authors have found that most of the studies in this area have been developed have been assessing the negative aspects of peer influence. Understanding important factors related to sexual behavior is important not only to change that behavior; it is important to identify those teens who are most at risk of having sex and unprotected sex. This paper explains the implications for those working to help youth avoid risky sexual behaviors and potential consequences. It is concluded with the recommendations for conducting studies in this direction.
The Communist past of Albania and the Country in 25 Years of Transition
Authors: Abdurrahmani Bledar
Published: July 2017

Already quarter of a decade after the fall of communism in Albania, the country continues to struggle with an undergoing profound political, economic, social and legal transition period. This long transition challenges the constitutional aspiration of the Albanian people to build a democratic state that is founded on the protection and guarantee of human rights and fundamental freedoms, on building a future of social peace and economic prosperity. Despite a large corpus of constitutional and legal measures undertaken during the transition years to build a state of law based on freedom and human rights, the initiative of the free market, private and public property, they have failed to address adequately the demand for respect of human rights and fundamental freedoms of a category of subjects that during communism suffered the profound violation of these rights, were victims of vicious inhuman acts and unable to benefit from repair as much as possible of the consequences of these violations.This paper aims to make a thorough analysis of the concept of transitional justice, the legal instruments of international law used to address the obligation of ex communist states to take measures for the eradication of the communist past, as a prerequisite for building a functional democracy founded upon social peace and prosperity. The essence of this paper lies in assessing how these instruments are reflected in domestic legislation, the stage they are and the effects they have brought about. The focus of this paper are the factors that have conditioned the separation of Albania from its communist past and the steps needed to be undertaken.
Risk Management in Public Sector: A Literature Review
Authors: Ahmeti Remzi , Vladi Dr. Besarta
Published: July 2017

Public sector today faces a variety of complex and challenging events, and adequate measures are required in order to ensure that the perceived public value is maintained at certain levels. There is a treasure of literature available for the theory of risk and risk management in private sector, mainly with focus in financial and banking sector. Nonetheless, there is a gap in the literature regarding risk management in public sector. There is no well-established theoretical background of strategic risk management in public sector and most of the available literature focus only on the risk estimation and fail to further contribute to how these estimations can be introduced to the decision-making process within public authorities. For this reasons, this paper aims to present a review of the most sound literature on risk management in public sector and a special focus will be given to the identification of current literature gaps and possible future research areas.
Teaching and Learning with Mobile Devices in the 21st Century Digital World: Benefits and Challenges
Authors: Dias Lina , Victor Angelin
Published: July 2017

Mobile devices have introduced a new generation of educational tools that afford creative use and instant access to a wealth of resources. These devices hold great potential for transforming learning. On one hand teachers and students are very positive about these devices, on the other hand, there are several obstacles faced. This paper examines the benefits and challenges of mobile devices on learning and teaching. The study shows that teachers and students are optimistic about the use and influence of these devices on students’ motivation, communication, collaboration and ability to research. Adequate training and support can help overcome the challenges faced.