bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To analyze the functional outcome of proximal tibial fractures treated with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis technique
Authors: Arumugam Sivakumar , Arumugam Venkateshwara , Raviraman V.
Published: October 2017

Background: Tibial plateau fractures constitute about 1% of all fractures and complex bicondylar fractures constitute 30% of all Tibial plateau fractures. Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosynthesis [MIPPO] is a method of biological fixation in which a plate is percutaneously inserted and fixed at a distance proximally and distally from the fracture site. By minimal exposure, this helps in the preservation of the essential fracture hematoma, minimal soft tissue dissection, avoidance of periosteal stripping and providing an adequate fixation. The objective of the study was to analyze the functional outcome of proximal Tibial fractures treated with MIPPO technique. The method of fixation shall be evaluated for the time period required for the patients to return to active work following surgery.

Methods: In our study, all 18 patients with proximal Tibial fractures underwent definitive fixation by MIPPO technique. All our cases underwent initial stabilization as per the ATLS guidelines. Patients with closed Tibial plateau fractures associated with a tense haemarthrosis underwent aspiration of the joint under aseptic precautions. The limb was immobilized either in an above knee slab or through skeletal traction using a distal Tibial or calcaneal pin traction on a Bohler Braun splint until definitive fixation was carried out. In cases complicated with excessive swelling and blistering, definitive fixation was delayed until the swelling/ blistering subsided.

Results: The post-operative results were designated as excellent, good, fair and poor according to pain, walking capacity, the range of motion and stability of the knee using Rasmussen’s grading system. In our study, the average functional knee score was 22.89. Rasmussen’s score does not consider articular congruity while assessing the functional outcome of the knee.

Conclusions: MIPPO technique gives good to excellent results even in high energy Tibial condyle fractures [72.22% cases in our study]. Our patients were able to achieve a good functional range of movement, averaging 120 degrees. [Krettek et al – 124 degrees]. Those who were treated with early fixation and early mobilization were found to have a better functional outcome irrespective of the fracture type. No secondary bone grafting was required. 
Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of epidural steroid injections in lumbar spine with patients of chronic low back pain
Authors: Jati Saket , Danish Mohammad , Sheikh Tanveer , Varun Ajay
Published: October 2017

Background: Intervertebral disc herniation, spinal stenosis, intervertebral disc degeneration without disc herniation, and post lumbar surgery syndrome are the most common diagnoses of chronic persistent low back and lower extremity symptoms, resulting in significant economic, societal, and health care impact. Epidural injections are one of the most commonly performed interventions in managing chronic low back pain (LBP) along with surgical intervention. Cost effectiveness and affordability has become the cornerstone of evidence-based medicine, and has an influence on coverage decisions, especially in developing countries such as India. LBP is a common problem. The aim of this study was to find the therapeutic efficacy of epidural steroid injections (ESIs) in chronic LBP.

Methods: 50 patients presenting with LBP with or without radiculopathy treated with ESIs were prospectively followed for average duration of 12 months.

Results: Fifty patients were included in this study with average age 51.02±7.1, out of these 26 (52%) were males and 24 (48%) females. Significant pain relief (>50%) was demonstrated in 43 (71%) of patients and functional status improvement was demonstrated by a reduction of 40% in Oswestry disability index (ODI) score in 49 (81%) patients.

Conclusions: ESIs are very effective and significantly reduce pain in patients with chronic function-limiting LBP.
Plating as an operative management of intra articular fractures of the upper end of tibia: a prospective clinical study
Authors: Gorgile Namdev , Jagtap Vinod , Shah Yash , Rokade Vikas , Bartakke Girish
Published: October 2017

Background: Tibial plateau fracture management is challenging because of the severe displacement of the bony fragments, the concomitant depression and impaction of the cancellous subchondral bone, and the inevitable associated cartilage injury.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of 25 patients who suffered high energy intra-articular fractures of proximal tibia was done and they were diagnosed and classified according to Schatzker’s classification. The study was done to study the outcomes of surgical management of high energy tibial plateau fractures with buttress plate, to achieve anatomical reduction and absolute stable internal fixation to prevent malunion, to achieve early mobilisation, to prevent post-operative knee stiffness and also to determine timing of operation after trauma and sequence of fixation of bicondylar fractures. All patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with a buttress plate either a lateral, medial or bicondylar plating.

Results: Average radio-graphic bony union time was 12 weeks. Average full weight bearing time was 13 weeks. Knee stiffness improved with physiotherapy and full range was achieved on an average in 8 weeks, mean range of movement 0-124.5º was achieved. 4 patients (16%) developed infection.

Conclusions: Fractures of upper end of tibia can be treated with the plating technique, to achieve anatomical reduction and stable internal fixation with 82% good functional outcome. The plating technique facilitates early mobilisation of injured joint and attains good range of movements. Minimal mal reduction does not seem to vitiate the results. The infection rate of 16% is of concern with this procedure, but responds well to antibiotics and surgical debridement.
IMPLEMENTATION AND STUDY ON INNOVATIVE NEW TEACHING METHODS TO ENHANCE LEARNING OF MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES MODULE AT UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL
Authors: Kaithari Dinesh Keloth , K.M Abubacker , Babu V Suresh
Published: October 2017

This paper is an outcome of the motivation and need to address wide spectrum of teaching and learning styles that are recognized by the students.  It is the order of the day that the student’s are encouraged in self-learning, engaged learning, peer to peer learning etc., forproviding better exposure and ambience for easy understanding of the basic concepts. In this context, Mechanical Principles module that is taught at undergraduate level at the Department of Mechanical engineering at Caledonian College of Engineering, Oman is considered for implementing new teaching tools.  This is a core module in mechanical engineering where the teaching involves a large group of students which require addressing pedagogical teaching and resource challenges. Various strategies are developed in order to enhance the teaching and learning experience of students such as change in layout of their seating arrangements inside the class room, use of soft tools for wider learning, open ended lab to improve the practical skills, use of CCE learn for online access of course documents, online quizzes for more interactive learning as well as access for students to video lectures &EBrary sources in addition to the traditional teaching. Survey conducted towards the level of satisfaction of students indicates that a majority of students appreciate different teaching and learning methods other than the traditional ones. The present work that is carried out for Mechanical principles module can be extended to other related modules. Definitely any useful teaching learning tools used in addition to the conventional methods of teaching creates attention to student community and enhances their theoretical and practical exposure.
Reflexões Sobre os Modelos Epistemológicos e Pedagógicos de um Grupo de Educadores
Authors: Facin Elson Cesar
Published: October 2017

Nosso texto procura trazer os resultados de uma pequena investigação sobre os modelos epistemológicos e pedagógicos de um grupo de educadores a partir da realização de uma pesquisa baseada em entrevistas semiestruturadas. Além disso, nós apresentamos uma pequena retrospectiva histórica das teorias da aprendizagem mais comumente adotadas na educação e as relacionamos com as entrevistas feitas. Num processo de comparação e reflexão, procuramos verificar se os educadores entrevistados revelavam afinidade entre seu modelo pedagógico explicitado na entrevista e sua prática educacional no cotidiano escolar. Os educadores participantes da pesquisa são de uma rede municipal de ensino e possuem um tempo de magistério que varia entre um e vinte cinco anos.
Estudo Sobre o Professor Reflexivo
Authors: Coral Mauricio Abel , Milioli Bruno Beloli , Pereira Viviane Ribeiro , Vieira Erica , Moraes Diênifer , Ortigara Vidalcir
Published: October 2017

A produção do presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar alguns debates entre abordagens que defendem a formação de professores a partir de uma perspectiva de reflexão sobre a prática pedagógica e abordagens que criticam e apontam limitações e incapacidades dessa perspectiva de formação reflexiva do professor de alcançar àquilo a que se propõe: a formação de um profissional da educação verdadeiramente crítico e autônomo. Como procedimento metodológico desta pesquisa, utilizamo-nos da pesquisa indireta, bibliográfica e documental, de acordo com Bardin (2004). Para alcançarmos êxito neste trabalho, trouxemos às discussões autores como Schön (1992), Zeichner (1993) e Shulman (1992), considerados os proponentes das principais abordagens reflexivas: narrativa, crítica e cognitivista, respectivamente. Estas abordagens foram discutidas a partir dos estudos de Facci (2004) que, sob uma fundamentação materialista histórico-dialética e histórico-cultural, analisou o percurso histórico das abordagens reflexivas citadas, destacando suas possibilidades e limites. Evidenciamos com este estudo que as abordagens reflexivas narrativa, crítica e cognitivista, que se propõem a formar professores críticos e autônomos, acabam prezando pela valorização do ensino de competências em detrimento da transmissão de conhecimentos teóricos; pela reflexão sobre a prática centrada no indivíduo, perdendo-se a dimensão que o mesmo só se constitui enquanto indivíduo dentro de um contexto social, que o influencia e é influenciado por ele ao mesmo tempo, no mesmo processo dialético.
Literatura e Letramento: Uma Análise das Adaptações dos Contos de Fadas Presentes na Coleção a Escola é Nossa, Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Todeschini Marisalba Borges
Published: October 2017

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa de Mestrado, que objetivou verificar  de que ordem são as adaptações dos contos de fadas realizadas na coleção A Escola é Nossa,  e como essas adaptações dialogam com o processo de letramento das crianças, verificando se as alterações/cortes ali  efetuados comprometem as potencialidades trazidas pela literatura ao processo de letramento. Para isso analisaram-se as propostas de atividades e adaptações dos contos: Chapeuzinho Vermelho, O Gato de Botas e O Patinho Feio, presentes nos livros destinados ao 1º, 3º e 4º anos, respectivamente, além das versões dos Irmãos Grimm e Andersen. Buscamos, na bibliografia, estudos de Soares (2010); Kleiman (1995 e 1999); Bettelheim (1980); Corso & Corso (2006); (Cashdan, 2000); Coelho (2000), Cândido (1979), Zilberman (1998/2005), entre outros. O estudo mostrou-nos que há a predominância da função pragmática nas atividades com os contos, e suas adaptações mais inibem do que contribuem para o processo de letramento, pois abortam as funções estéticas e catárticas que poderiam servir de passaporte para o mundo da leitura na escola e fora dela.
Eficacia antibacteriana de tres selladores endodónticos frente al Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Heredia- Veloz David , Abad-Coronel Dunia , Villavicencio-Caparó Ebingen
Published: October 2017

Objetivos: Este estudio tiene como objetivo la comparación de la eficacia antibacteriana sobre el Enterococcus faecalis, de tres cementos selladores de obturación utilizados en la terapia endodóntica, determinada mediante la medición del tamaño del halo inhibitorio. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio comparativo in vitro, en el cual se utilizó el método de difusión en el agar de Müller- Hinton. Se calculó una muestra de 10 replicaciones por cemento haciendo un total de 30 unidades de estudio (mediante el programa G Power 3.1). Los datos del halo inhibitorio fueron medidos en milímetros después de 24 horas de incubación, a una temperatura de 37°C, los resultados obtenidos se anotaron en una ficha elaborada por el autor, para posteriormente procesarlos mediante el análisis estadístico de Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis y U de Mann Whitney. Resultados: El sellador a base de resina epóxica (TOPSEAL) presentó un halo de inhibición de 7,7 mm, el sellador a base de hidróxido de calcio (SEALAPEX) provocó un halo inhibitorio de 6,0 mm y el sellador a base de óxido de zinc y eugenol (GROSS- FAR) presentó un halo de inhibición de 8,4 mm, siendo el de mayor eficacia de los tres selladores utilizados en este estudio. Conclusiones: Con este estudio se llegó a la conclusión que los selladores estudiados no son iguales entre si con respecto a su eficacia antibacteriana contra el Enterococcus faecalis.
Adaptación de cofias metálicas confeccionadas con dos técnicas: cera pérdida colada por centrifugación convencional y fresado de bloque blando en CAD/CAM
Authors: Loarte Campos Micarla , Flores Valverde Yovana , Ladrón de Guevara Cinthya Zelada , Requena Cisneros Silvio , Castillo Andamayo Diana , Quintana del Solar Martín
Published: October 2017

Las nuevas tecnologías digitalizadas han permitido mejorar la adaptación marginal e interna de una restaura- ción, permitiendo migrar de la técnica de cera pérdida colada por centrifugación (CPC) a la fabricación aditiva y sustractiva por CAD/CAM como el sistema de fresado de bloque blando (SMB). Objetivos: Comparar las discrepancias marginal e interna de cofias unitarias de aleación Co-Cr sobre una línea de terminación chamfer, confeccionadas con dos técnicas: CPC y SMB, determinando cual técnica tuvo mejor adaptación marginal e interna. Material y Métodos: Se fabricaron 13 cofias metálicas unitarias de aleación Co-Cr para cada técnica a evaluar. Se utilizó la réplica de silicona para evaluar las discrepancias marginales e internas, cada muestra fue seccionada en cruz en sentido vestíbulo-palatino y en sentido mesio-distal, luego con un estéreomicroscopio se evaluó la zona cervical, axial y oclusal.  Resultados: Se evaluó los supuestos de normalidad con la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk. Los análisis estadísticos fueron la prueba t de Student y U Mann-Whitney. La SMB obtuvo una menor discrepancia marginal en sentido vestíbulo-palatino en comparación con la CPC encontrándose diferencia estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05), pero en sentido mesio-distal numéricamente el SMB obtuvo una menor discrepancia marginal pero no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05). La menor discrepancia interna fue para CPC en la zona axial tanto en sentido vestíbulo-palatino y mesio-distal con diferencia estadísti- camente significativa (p<0,05) pero en la zona oclusal tanto en sentido vestíbulo-palatino y mesio-distal presen- taron menor discrepancia interna la SMB con diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Las cofias que presentaron una mejor adaptación marginal fueron las que se confeccionaron mediante la SMB. Las que presentaron mejor adaptación interna en la zona axial fueron las cofias realizadas mediante la CPC y en la zona oclusal presentaron mejor adaptación interna la SMB.
Tratamiento de la maloclusión Clase III con protracción maxilar: Reporte de Caso
Authors: Rodríguez Riquelme Paul Esteban , Estrada Vitorino Marco Antonio , Meneses López Abraham
Published: October 2017

La maloclusión Clase III es un problema esquelético anteroposterior en la que se puede observar relaciones alteradas de los componentes óseos, dentarios y musculares; siendo el componente esquelético alterado con mayor frecuencia la deficiencia maxilar en sentido sagital y transversal. La intervención temprana de esta anomalía es reportada con un mayor porcentaje de éxito. Con la utilización de la máscara de protracción asociada a una disyunción maxilar se producen cambios beneficiosos en la arquitectura facial. La edad del paciente, la colaboración y el manejo adecuado del sistema son los factores que conducen a resultados exitosos y estables. El objetivo de este reporte es describir el tratamiento de un paciente en etapa de la dentición mixta con el uso de este dispositivo. Consideraciones finales: El uso de la máscara facial de Petit, asociado con expansión maxilar, fue útil en la corrección de la deficiencia maxilar y la maloclusión Clase III.
Quiste folicular inflamatorio en posición atípica: Revisión de la literatura a propósito de un caso
Authors: Moreno Emilio , Lolas Jorge , Vergara Alfonso , Márquez Agustin
Published: October 2017

Objetivos: Mostrar la importancia de la histopatología en el diagnóstico del quiste folicular inflamatorio para un correcto tratamiento y la relevancia de una nomenclatura precisa.Material y Métodos: Búsqueda en Pubmed, ScienceDirect, EBSCO-host de «odontogenic-cysts», «dentigerous cyst of inflammatory origin» y “follicular inflammatory-cyst» como key-words, full-text en inglés o español de los últimos 10 años. Resultados: Paciente 10 años de edad, presenta tumoración vestibular de zona de diente 5.3, de consistencia dura, asintomático y cubierto por mucosa normal. Diente asociado sin lesiones cariosas. La radiografía evidenció una extensa área radiolúcida bien definida, rodeando la corona del diente 1.3, desplazando y reteniéndolo. Tras evaluación radiográfica, los diagnósticos diferenciales fueron tumor-odontogénico-adeno- matoide, queratoquiste y QD. La histopatología confirmó QFI. Originándose la lesión a partir de la pieza 5.4 con tratamiento pulpar. Conclusiones: Se debe considerar al QFI como una lesión similar a otros quistes inflamato- rios (paradentales o radiculares). Se sugiere considerar en dentición mixta, que QFI y quiste radicular del diente temporal son la misma lesión y las diferencias en su aspecto clínico dependerán del tiempo de evolución y la relación de proximidad entre folículo y proceso inflamatorio del diente temporal.
Impact of Stress on Software Engineers Knowledge Sharing and Creativity [A Pakistani Perspective]
Authors:   Department of Computing and Technology, Iqra University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Raza Muhammad Mohsin , Minhas Nasir Mehmood ,   University Institute of Information Technology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Khan Hameed Ullah ,   Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, International Islamic University Islamabad, Asghar Ikram ,   Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, International Islamic University Islamabad
Published: October 2017

Software development involves technology as well as human efforts. Software engineering is supportive to create a quality of product by adopting the process of sharing knowledge. A lot of research was conducted on the technical side but human side of software development disregarded. Knowledge and creativity considered major factors for improving the software quality. Currently professionals working in the field of software engineering are under impressive pressure which cause stress for the Software engineers. It is highly desirable to conduct an empirical study on impact of stress on software engineers knowledge sharing & creativity. The major motivation for this study is to investigate the impact of job stress factors which can affect the software engineering knowledge sharing capabilities and creativity. The research is based on industrial assessment. For conducting this study we developed a questionnaire based on Stress Factors. Statistical analyses are performed through SPSS tool. On the basis of the results from the survey, we proposed some strategies for those factors that have high impact on software engineers and try to mitigate their affect. These results highlight stress factors and their impact on software engineers knowledge sharing and creativity, working in Pakistani software industry.
Synthesis of Siloxyalumoxanes and Alumosiloxanes Based on Organosilicon Diols
Authors: Shcherbakova Galina I. , Storozhenko Pavel A. , Kisin Alexander V.
Published: October 2017

We have drawn a few interesting conclusions while studying reaction products of Ph2Si(OH)2 with Al(iBu)3 and tetraisobutylalumoxane. In the first place, this is the production (at Ph2Si(OH)2 and Al(iBu)3 equimolar ratio) of oligomer siloxyalumoxane structure with alternating four- and six-member rings, as well as isobutyl and phenyl groups migration between aluminum and silicon due to the formation of intramolecular four-member cyclic complex [Ph2(OH)SiO]Al(iBu)2 → [(iBu)Ph(OH)SiO]Al(iBu)Ph. Ph2Si(OH)2 interaction with Al(iBu)3 not only starts from intramolecular complex production, but the chain is terminated for the same reason, which in the case of Ph2Si(OH)2 reaction with tetraisobutylalumoxane results in failure of obtaining high-polymer siloxyalumoxane compounds. When Al(iBu)3 interacts with α- and γ-diols, no oligomer compounds are produced. Al(iBu)3 reaction with α, γ-diols results in monomer compounds that are likely to have cyclic structure. Notably at Al(iBu)3 interaction with α-diol only double excess of Al(iBu)3 allows full replacement of  hydrogen in α-diol hydroxyl groups by aluminum alkyl residue with 1,3-bis(diisobutylalumoxymethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane production. At equimolar ratio of initial reagents the second isobutyl radical at Al does not interact with the second hydroxyl group of α-diol, apparently due to the steric hindrance and 1-(diisobutylalumoxymethyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-disiloxane is produced. Al(iBu)3 reactions with γ-diol also result in monomer compounds but the presence of a chain consisting of three СН2-groups between Si and hydroxyl group facilitates interaction between the second hydroxyl group of γ-diol and the second isobutyl radical Al(iBu)3. Tetraisobutylalumoxane reaction with α- and γ-diols results in oligomer compounds.
A Practical Approach Deriving Optimal Unit Hydrograph from Noisy Runoff in absence of Rainfall Data
Authors: Seong Kee-Won
Published: October 2017

As a procedure deriving UH (unit hydrograph), the root selection method necessitates only storm runoff data. However, this method must deal with the uncertainty related to the noise fluctuation of runoff ordinates and derive one optimal UH from many storms. This study proposes a procedure that applies the Savitzky-Golay filter to smooth the noise fluctuation of the runoff ordinates and uses the linear combination of UHs from individual storms to derive an optimal UH. The proposed method is applied to the storms of the Nenagh River basin in Ireland. The applicability of the Savitzky-Golay filter for smoothing the noise fluctuation of storm runoffs is examined by means of the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index. Furthermore, the root selection method is extended to also estimate IUHs. The results show that the adoption of the Savitzky-Golay filter improves the applicability of the root selection method and that the optimal UH predicts accurately the time-to-peak and peak discharge.
Unearthing the Double Bottom Line Commitments of Indian Microfinance Institutions
Authors: Roy Prasenjit
Published: October 2017

The microfinance industry has emerged from a small domain institution to a broad tool for social development, as many success stories reveal its true potential for serving the society. Nonetheless, like every institution, it has to be sustainable in carrying out its developmental activities. This is where the idea of double bottom line surfaces where a win-win situation is attained for the microfinance institutions along with the clients to whom they are serving. Although there are other unprincipled grounds associated with the concept which obstruct this thought and deviates the MFI activities in accomplishing better and higher revenues. This leads to a trade-off. The paper tries to explore the presence the double bottom line in the MFIs of India. Further, to find if there is a trade-off between financial performance and social performance. A dataset comprising all the Indian MFIs reported in www.mixmarket.org for the period from 2009 to 2013 has been used for the study. The analysis is carried on various indicators that resemble the performance and efficiency of the MFIs. The evidence suggests a moderate trade-off in the operations of the Indian MFIs although largely they adhere to the double bottom line. They are mainly guided by outreach scale in terms of a number of borrowers.
Global Association of Air Pollution and Cardiorespiratory Diseases: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Investigation of Modifier Variables
Authors: Requia Weeberb J. , Adams Matthew D. , Arain Altaf , Papatheodorou Stefania , Koutrakis Petros , Mahmoud Moataz
Published: October 2017

Background. Little is known about the health risks of air pollution and cardiorespiratory diseases, globally, across regions and populations, which may differ because of external factors.

Objectives. We systematically reviewed the evidence on the association between air pollution and cardiorespiratory diseases (hospital admissions and mortality), including variability by energy, transportation, socioeconomic status, and air quality.

Search Methods. We conducted a literature search (PubMed and Web of Science) for studies published between 2006 and May 11, 2016.

Selection Criteria. We included studies if they met all of the following criteria: (1) considered at least 1 of these air pollutants: carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, or particulate matter (PM2.5 or PM10); (2) reported risk for hospital admissions, mortality, or both; (3) presented individual results for respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, or both; (4) considered the age groups younger than 5 years, older than 65 years, or all ages; and (5) did not segregate the analysis by gender.

Data Collection and Analysis. We extracted data from each study, including location, health outcome, and risk estimates. We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the overall effect and to account for both within- and between-study heterogeneity. Then, we applied a model selection (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) to assess the modifier variables, and, lastly, we performed meta-regression analyses to evaluate the modifier variables contributing to heterogeneity among studies.

Main Results. We assessed 2183 studies, of which we selected 529 for in-depth review, and 70 articles fulfilled our study inclusion criteria. The 70 studies selected for meta-analysis encompass more than 30 million events across 28 countries. We found positive associations between cardiorespiratory diseases and different air pollutants. For example, when we considered only the association between PM2.5 and respiratory diseases ( Figure 1 , we observed a risk equal to 2.7% (95% confidence interval = 0.9%, 7.7%). Our results showed statistical significance in the test of moderators for all pollutants, suggesting that the modifier variables influence the average cardiorespiratory disease risk and may explain the varying effects of air pollution.

Conclusions. Variables related to aspects of energy, transportation, and socioeconomic status may explain the varying effect size of the association between air pollution and cardiorespiratory diseases.

Public Health Implications. Our study provides a transferable model to estimate the health effects of air pollutants to support the creation of environmental health public policies for national and international intervention.
Green Space and Deaths Attributable to the Urban Heat Island Effect in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Dang Tran Ngoc , Van Doan Quang , Kusaka Hiroyuki , Seposo Xerxes T. , Honda Yasushi
Published: October 2017

Objectives. To quantify heat-related deaths in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, caused by the urban heat island (UHI) and explore factors that may alleviate the impact of UHIs.

Methods. We estimated district-specific meteorological conditions from 2010 to 2013 using the dynamic downscaling model and calculated the attributable fraction and number of mortalities resulting from the total, extreme, and mild heat in each district. The difference in attributable fraction of total heat between the central and outer districts was classified as the attributable fraction resulting from the UHI. The association among attributable fraction, attributable number with a green space, population density, and budget revenue of each district was then explored.

Results. The temperature–mortality relationship between the central and outer areas was almost identical. The attributable fraction resulting from the UHI was 0.42%, which was contributed by the difference in temperature distribution between the 2 areas. Every 1-square-kilometer increase in green space per 1000 people can prevent 7.4 deaths caused by heat.

Conclusions. Green space can alleviate the impacts of UHIs, although future studies conducting a heath economic evaluation of tree planting are warranted.
Kecerdasan Emosional, Kecerdasan Intelektual dan Kecerdasan Spiritual Terhadap Pemahaman Akuntansi Dasar Dengan Motivasi Sebagai Variabel Moderating
Authors: Nuraini Fitri
Published: October 2017

Basic accounting is very important as the beginning to understand the concept of accounting, if on the basis of it can not fully understand then for the next is also difficult. The concept of introduction accounting is very important, especially for new students, like a building or a house then introduction accounting is the foundation. This study examines the effect of emotional intelligence, intellectual intelligence and spiritual intelligence on basic accounting comprehension with motivation as a moderating variable. In relation to moderating variables, researchers in this case choose motivation as a moderator of the relationship between emotional intelligence, intellectual intelligence and spiritual intelligence with basic accounting comprehension. The population used in this study was 104 students of Accounting Study Program in Semester 1 and 3 of Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya. The sampling technique uses convenience sampling with sampling of 77. The study used Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) analysis tool. The result of research shows that (1) emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence have an insignificant effect on basic accounting comprehension, (2) intellectual intelligence has significant effect on basic accounting comprehension, (3) motivation does not moderate the influence of emotional intelligence, intellectual intelligence and spiritual intelligence toward understanding of accounting basic.
Implementasi Program Kemitraan dan Program Bina Lingkungan Pada PT. PELINDO III Surabaya
Authors: Andrianto Andrianto
Published: October 2017

Corporate Social Responsibility Program which has been run by PT. Pelindo III Surabaya, realized in the form of partnership program and environmental development program. Partnership Program is a program launched by the government as a form of awareness and responsibility of State Owned Enterprises (BUMN) to economic development, especially small business in the company environment, while environmental development program is a program that concerns  PT. Pelindo III (Persero), which is one of the state-owned enterprises in facing the social conditions of the community around the company. This research is a quantitative descriptive research with case study approach to study and explain about both CSR programs that have been run by PT. Pelindo III (Persero). From the results of research, it can be concluded that both CSR programs that have been run by PT. Pelindo III (Persero) is very good and programmed. This is evidenced by the existence of work programs every year in its implementation accompanied by a report on the position and financial activities of the partnership program and environmental development. So in the preparation of financial information and implementation of the practice both programs have been very fulfilling elements of transparency.
Pengaruh Tekanan Waktu, Tindakan Supervisi dan Locus of Control Terhadap Penghentian Prematur Atas Prosedur Audit
Authors: Rosdiana Mega
Published: October 2017

Premature sign off of audit procedure is one of those behaviors that can reduce audit quality. The present study was intended to examine whether time pressure, supervision, and  locus of control affect  the premature sign off of the audit procedure. The population used in this study is all auditors working at Public Accounting Firms in Surabaya. The data used is the primary data in the form of questionnaires distributed to the respondents.  The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The sample of research is 50 auditors from 17 Public Accounting Firms in Surabaya. Data analysis techniques used is multiple regressions. The results of this research  showed  that time pressure, supervision and locus of control affected the premature sign off  of  the audit procedures. The implication of this research result for the auditor is the higher the premature discontinuation of the audit procedure performed by the auditor will result in decreased audit quality and increased audit risk.
Flypaper Effect, PAD, DAU, DAK Terhadap Belanja Daerah Di Kabupaten/Kota Di Indonesia.
Authors: Dewi Santi Rahma
Published: October 2017

This study aimed to measure how the influence of PAD, DAU, DAK to BD and whether there is a Fly Paper Effect phenomenon in each area studied. This study takes sample of the existing districts and cities in Indonesia of 112 cities and districts of 516 regency and cities in Indonesia. Secondary data is obtained by downloading the data from the Direktorat Jendral Perimbangan Keuangan Departemen Keuangan. The techniques of analysis data was used multiple linear analysis. The results of this study that PAD, DAU, DAK simultaneously affect the BD. The Fly Paper Effect phenomenon occurs in several cities and districts where the DAU coefficient value is greater than PAD, whereas DAK is only accepted by certain cities and districts that require high infrastructure development.
Pengaruh Kecerdasan Emosional, Kecerdasan Spritual Dan Kecerdasan Intelektual Terhadap Pemahaman Mata Kuliah Pengantar Akuntansi Dengan Perilaku Belajar Sebagai Variabel Moderasi Di PTN Dan PTS Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Riswandi Pedi , Lakoni Idham
Published: October 2017

This research is constituted to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence and intellect to the understanding of introductory accounting courses to study behavior as a moderating variable. This research method is survey by questionnaire is a research taking samples of 78 students in Universities and Colleges as a means of collecting basic data. Test equipment used to test the hypothesis is logistic regression and then the test results be interpreted. This research is expected to contribute fundamental knowledge for Higher Education in order to improve the level of understanding of students of economic faculties. The results using multiple regression analysis showed emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence significantly influence the level of understanding of introductory accounting courses and learning influence significant influence as a moderating variable.
Game Labirin Ball Edukasi Menggunakan Sensor Acelerometer Sebagai Media Pengenalan Ibukota Negara di Dunia
Authors: Wilujeng Ericka Sukma Putri , Findawati Yulian
Published: October 2017

Learning through games is one of the good methods to reduce the students’ boredom during teaching and learning process. The android game,a maze, displays the capital city of the world. It will be useful for the learning process. The appearance of the capital used is only limited to Asia. The name of game is Maze, a unique game loved by many phone users. The applications use free software from google, namely  inventor app and as a ball mover, we use an accelerometer censor in which we move the  phone to move the ball. The application is presented with different challenges such as a poin deduction when it touches the wall, the enemies can move the player to start point, the wall hurdle moves. Therefore, from those obstacles are expected to add the excitement of the game.
Nutrient Concentrations in Big Creek Correlate to Regional Watershed Land Use
Authors: Sharpley A. N. , Haggard B. E. , Berry L. , Brye K. , Burke J. , Daniels M. B. , Gbur E. , Glover T. , Hays P. , Kresse T. , VanDevender K. W.
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas

Nutrient concentrations are low at Big Creek relative to expected biological‐response thresholds.

Nutrient concentrations at Big Creek are typical of streams draining watersheds with similar land use.

Flow‐adjusted nutrient concentrations at Big Creek have not increased over the short‐term.

Nutrient concentrations in streams increase as watershed land area in pasture and urban uses increases.

Nutrient concentrations in several streams of the Boston and Ozark Mountains region of Arkansas, including the Buffalo National River and its tributaries, have garnered tremendous interest. In particular, Big Creek has been the center of attention within the Buffalo River watershed because of a permitted concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO). The objectives of this paper were to put nutrient concentrations of Big Creek into the context of the stream nutrient and watershed land‐use relationship and develop a framework to evaluate regional land‐use impacts on regional water quality. Nutrient concentrations in streams draining the Boston and Ozark Mountains region were related to the intensity of watershed land use. Concentrations in Big Creek were similar to other watersheds in the ecoregion with similar land use, suggesting limited impact of the CAFO on Big Creek at the present time. However, this does not preclude future impacts, and longer‐term monitoring continues.
Seasonal Manure Application Timing and Storage Effects on Field‐ and Watershed‐Level Phosphorus Losses
Authors: Liu Jian , Veith Tamie L. , Collick Amy S. , Kleinman Peter J. A. , Beegle Douglas B. , Bryant Ray B.
Published: October 2017

Timing of manure application to agricultural soils remains a contentious topic in nutrient management planning, particularly with regard to impacts on nutrient loss in runoff and downstream water quality. We evaluated the effects of seasonal manure application and associated manure storage capacity on phosphorus (P) losses at both field and watershed scales over an 11‐yr period, using long‐term observed data and an upgraded, variable‐source water quality model called Topo‐SWAT. At the field level, despite variation in location and crop management, manure applications throughout fall and winter increased annual total P losses by 12 to 16% and dissolved P by 19 to 40% as compared with spring. Among all field‐level scenarios, total P loss was substantially reduced through better site targeting (by 48–64%), improving winter soil cover (by 25–46%), and reducing manure application rates (by 1–23%). At the watershed level, a scenario simulating 12 mo of manure storage (all watershed manure applied in spring) reduced dissolved P loss by 5% and total P loss by 2% but resulted in greater P concentrations peaks compared with scenarios simulating 6 mo (fall‐spring application) or 3 mo storage (four‐season application). Watershed‐level impacts are complicated by aggregate effects, both spatial and temporal, of manure storage capacity on variables such as manure application rate and timing, and complexities of field and management. This comparison of the consequences of different manure storage capacities demonstrated a tradeoff between reducing annual P loss through a few high‐concentration runoff events and increasing the frequency of low peaks but also increasing the annual loss.

Core Ideas

Spring manure application had less field‐level P loss than fall or winter application.

The impact of application timing depended on precipitation and field characteristics.

Changes in manure storage capacity did not significantly affect annual watershed P loss.

Twelve‐month storage barely reduced P loads but created greater P concentration peaks.

Optimizing site targeting and soil cover is needed for all seasonal applications.
Qualidade da Auditoria no Brasil: Um Estudo do Julgamento dos Auditores Independentes na Aderência do Ajuste a Valor Presente nas Companhias de Construção e Engenharia Listadas na BM&F-Bovespa
Authors: Moreira Felipe Da Silva , Firmino José Emerson , Santos Adelson Rodrigues dos , Silva José Dionísio Gomes da , Silva Maurício Corrêa da
Published: October 2017

qualidade da auditoria demonstra ser um tema bastante complexo e de difícil mensuração sobre o nível de qualidade das auditorias realizadas no mercado brasileiro. As empresas listadas na Bolsa de Valores são na maioria auditadas por empresas denominadas Big Four e nesse contexto o mercado atribui às firmas pretexto de maior qualidade em seus desempenhos quando comparados com as não Big Four. No Brasil, casos recentes de escândalos financeiros aconteceram em paralelo ao processo de adoção as normas internacionais de contabilidade e auditoria e propicia momento para analisar a adequação dos serviços de auditoria ao processo de convergência. Diante do cenário, surge a problemática: As empresas de auditoria possuem qualidade uniforme, baseando-se no critério técnico de seu julgamento quando da adoção adequada do CPC 12 – Ajuste a valor presente pelas companhias abertas brasileiras? O objetivo consiste em investigar a uniformidade da qualidade dos serviços realizados pelas firmas de auditoria no Brasil sobre as companhias abertas brasileiras, baseando-se na adoção a Deliberação CVM nº 564/08. A pesquisa consistiu na análise dos relatórios contábeis, formulário de referência e dos auditores das companhias do setor de Construção e Engenharia entre os anos de 2010 e 2011, revelando entre seus principais resultados a ausência de qualidade uniforme no relatório dos auditores independentes com base na adoção ao ajuste a valor presente
Análise do Conservadorismo e Persistência dos Resultados Contábeis das Instituições Financeiras Brasileiras
Authors: Arruda Marcelo P. , Vieira Carlos A. M. , Paulo Edilson , Lucena Wenner G. L.
Published: October 2017

O ambiente regulatório das companhias abertas e fechadas apresenta diferenças significativas na qualidade das informações contábeis entre as companhias abertas e fechadas (BALL; SHIVAKUMAR, 2005). Entretanto, a literatura tem sugerido que o processo de mensuração contábil das instituições financeiras se diferenciam substancialmente das demais companhias (PEASNELL et al, 2000). Apesar disso, os estudos anteriores não analisam sistematicamente as diferenças informacionais entre as instituições financeiras abertas e fechadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o comportamento dos níveis de conservadorismo e de persistência dos resultados contábeis das instituições financeiras abertas e fechadas brasileiras. Para atender ao objetivo deste trabalho, foi efetuado uma análise dos dados com base nos modelos de conservadorismo proposto por Ball e Shivakumar (2005) e de persistência descrito por Dechow e Schrand (2004), estimados por meio de dados em painel. A amostra foi composta pelas instituições financeiras brasileiras abertas e fechadas no período compreendido entre 1996 e 2013. Os resultados desta pesquisa identificaram que nenhum dos tipos de instituições financeiras (abertas e fechadas) apresenta reconhecimento oportuno das perdas ocorridas no período analisado. Em relação à persistência dos resultados contábeis, as análises apontaram que as instituições financeiras fechadas apresentam maior persistência em seus resultados contábeis que as instituições abertas, resultando em maior previsibilidade dos lucros futuros pelos lucros presentes. Por fim, conclui-se que os resultados contábeis das instituições financeiras brasileiras não apresentam comportamento conservador, além disso, os lucros das companhias fechadas são mais persistentes do que os das companhias abertas.
Como não “Reinventar a Roda”?: a Anterioridade Tecnológica como base para o Desenvolvimento Tecnológico
Authors: Marques Humberto R. , Gava Rodrigo , Pereira Rafael M. , Garcia Marcelo O. , Oliveira Carolina C.
Published: October 2017

Os avanços tecnológicos necessitam que as empresas sejam mais flexíveis e dinâmicas, possuindo capacidade de aprender e inovar para serem competitivas. Dada a inovação como algo novo, há a necessidade de se realizar estudos de anterioridade tecnológica antes do início das pesquisas, pois assim é possível conhecer as tecnologias existentes e desenvolver algo com potencial mercadológico. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo foi investigar os estudos de anterioridade tecnológica das patentes relacionadas a kits de diagnóstico para leishmaniose. Caracterizada como qualitativa e descritiva, a pesquisa foi baseada em dados secundários obtidos a partir de estratégias de buscas no banco de patentes Thomson Innovation, que possui uma vasta cobertura de patentes em todo o mundo e reúne ferramentas essenciais para a análise de propriedades intelectuais. Os resultados demonstraram que dos 44 documentos recuperados, 26 citaram ou foram citados por outros estudos. Das 412 citações realizadas,76% referem-se à Non-patents, principalmente artigos científicos, e 24% à Backwards, ou seja, patentes. Das Backwards, 53% referem-se a citações de invenções dos próprios países, demonstrando uma aproximação regional. Com relação à Forward, apenas 3 tecnologias foram referenciadas por estudos posteriores, o que pressupõe a importância dessas tecnologias para a evolução da ciência. Assim, evidenciou-se a relevância da anterioridade tecnológica, que vem sendo utilizada na realização de mapeamentos tecnológicos precedentes e no subsídio de estudos futuros.
Análise dos Artigos Publicados nos Principais Periódicos Brasileiros de Contabilidade no Século XXI
Authors: Avelar Ewerton Alex , Boina Terence Machado , Ribeiro Lívia Maria de Pádua , Santos Thiago De Sousa
Published: October 2017

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que visou analisar as características dos artigos publicados nos principais periódicos nacionais de Contabilidade entre os anos de 2001 a 2012. Os dados, essencialmente secundários, foram coletados a partir de 2.334 artigos publicados nos 17 periódicos brasileiros de Contabilidade mais bem pontuados pelo sistema Qualis da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Tais artigos foram primeiramente examinados utilizando-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo e tabulados com base em categorias predefinidas. Em seguida, os dados foram analisados por meio das seguintes técnicas estatísticas: tabulações cruzadas, estatística do Qui-Quadrado e teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Também foi realizada uma comparação do padrão de produção dos autores da área em relação ao estabelecido na Lei de Lotka. Verificou-se uma ampla (e crescente) predominância dos estudos empíricos sobre os teóricos nos periódicos analisados. Constatou-se, ainda, a preponderância das pesquisas em Contabilidade Financeira sobre as demais áreas. Ademais, identificou-se uma estreita relação entre a pesquisa em Contabilidade Financeira e o enfoque quantitativo. De acordo com a análise da Lei de Lotka, a área de Contabilidade Financeira é menos concentrada e aparentemente mais desenvolvida se comparada à área de Contabilidade Gerencial. Ressalta-se que as pesquisas nesta última área usualmente empregam um enfoque qualitativo e, de forma geral, os periódicos de Contabilidade mais bem pontuados pela CAPES tendem a privilegiar publicações de pesquisas que utilizem um enfoque quantitativo.