bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN BMT DALAM PENGEMBANGAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL
Authors: Gaffar Rezki Amalia
Published: June 2023

Pembangunan nasional merupakan upaya pembangunan yang berkesinambungan dalam rangka mewujudkan masyarakat yang adil dan Makmur. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, pemerintah melakukan pembangunan di berbagai bidang, salah satunya adalah pembangunan di bidang ekonomi dan keuangan. Pengembangan usaha mikro memiliki hubungan yang sangat erat dengan upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat miskin yang merupakan pelaku utama usaha tersebut. Secara konseptual pemeberdayaan tersebut adalah upaya untuk meningkatkan harkat dan martabat lapisan masyarakat yang dalam kondisi sekarang tidak mampu untuk melepaskan diri dari perangkap kemiskinan dan keterbelakangan.
M&A Advisors in Vietnam Emerging Market 2000 – 2022
Authors: Luong Minh-Ha
Published: June 2023

M&A consulting is providing solutions, services, or applications to help the buyer and seller completing the M&A deal, thereby earning fees. The global M&A consulting market is extremely large with hundreds of years of experience. In Vietnam, due to the characteristics of a young economy in the process of integration, M&A consulting services are scattered among auditing firms, securities companies, law firms and other specialized M&A consulting firm. Although Vietnam's M&A market has a history of development for more than 20 years, M&A consulting services are still mainly provided by foreign companies. This paper is the first study provides an overview of M&A advisory activities, both financial and legal, in Vietnam and describe perspective of the M&A consulting market in Vietnam as well as suggests some solutions to develop this service in domestic companies.
Analysis of factors that affect road traffic accidents in Bahir Dar city, North Western Ethiopia
Authors: Khan Zahid
Published: June 2023

Analysis of factors that affect road traffic accidents inBahir Dar city, North Western Ethiopia
Manajemen BMT
Authors: jannah Miftahul
Published: June 2023

Baitul Mal Wa Tamwil (BMT) terdiri dari dari dua frase Baitul Mal dan Baitul Tamwil, secara harfiah/lughowi Baitul Maal berarti rumah dana dan Baitul Tamwil berarti rumah usaha. Kedua pengertian tersebut memiliki makna yang berbeda dan dampak yang berbeda pula.
Pembrolizumab and its effectiveness in treating non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lee Jennifer Yu
Published: June 2023

Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for approximately 80-90% of all lung cancers worldwide. Causes of this type of cancer may vary as point mutations, prolonged exposure to carcinogens, and many more could lead to the growth of tumor cells in the lungs. It has traditionally been treated with chemotherapy, which was considered the most effective method, yet the emergence and prevailing rapid development in the field of immunotherapy has proven to be an alternatively effective treatment for certain types. The basic principle of immunotherapy is modifying particular components of the immune system for enhanced efficiency and potential. Immune checkpoints inhibitors are a group of immunotherapy that involve the interference of specific biological/cellular pathways associated with the false signalling of T cell deactivation by cancer cells. Pembrolizumab, also known as Keytruda, is a humanized monoclonal antibody commonly used to treat lung cancer. It is an anti-PD-1 inhibitor that targets the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in T cells. Immunotherapy takes advantage of the rise of personalized medicine by targeting a specific immune mechanism and selecting the appropriate medications.
Advancements in Robotic-Assisted Surgery: Enhancing Precision and Minimizing Invasiveness
Authors: Shahid khan Anjum Basit
Published: June 2023

This paper explores the advancements in robotic-assisted surgery and their impact on enhancingsurgical precision and minimizing invasiveness. It provides an overview of robotic surgicalsystems, including their components and functionalities. The abstract summarizes key topicscovered, including the applications of robotics in various surgical specialties, benefits for patientsand surgeons, and future directions in robotic-assisted surgery.Keywords: Robic assisted surgery, precision, Invasives
Experiment ended
Authors: end exp
Published: June 2023

Experiment ended -- Experiment ended
Cognitive resources can be intentionally released when processed information becomes irrelevant: Insights from the primacy effect in working memory
Authors: Popov Vencislav
Published: June 2023

Processing information depletes a limited cognitive resource. This resource can recover passively over time, but an open question remains: if resources are spent to process information that soon becomes irrelevant, are these resources immediately released? I present an analysis of the Source of Activation Confusion (SAC) model of human memory and its ability to explain the primacy effect in working memory – the tendency for items at the beginning of a list to be better remembered than those in the middle or end. The SAC model attributes the primacy effect to a limited resource pool that is depleted during the encoding of each item into memory, with resource recovery happening passively over time. The model's core mechanisms are challenged by two experiments that reveal the primacy effect can be reset with the application of a forget signal, suggesting resource recovery is not entirely passive. This means that either the passive resource recovery assumption needs to be reformulated, or that the primacy effect is not a result of resource depletion. Given the broad range of other findings the model can explain, abandoning it is premature. Instead, I propose that in addition to recovering passively over time, memory resources can be manually released when the information encoded with them is no longer relevant. This reformulation is important because it significantly limits the range of possible substrates for the proposed resource. I discuss implications for related theories and phenomena such as ego depletion.
In a manner of speaking: progress and challenges in the study of the elusive manner implicature
Authors: Wilson Elspeth , Katsos Napoleon
Published: June 2023

We review theoretical accounts of manner implicature, which propose that the form of an utterance can contribute to the inferred meaning, and critically survey recent experimental studies which lend tentative empirical psycholinguistic support for hearers’ derivation of certain instances of manner implicatures. We suggest, however, that there remain some fundamental questions for accounts of manner implicature, concerning the role of markedness and semantic equivalence in language use, which leave instances of manner implicatures hard to identify intuitively. Established experimental pragmatic paradigms are also challenged by testing manner. We set out criteria and goals for future empirical work on manner implicatures, as well as opposing hypotheses to test on their acquisition. We call for further empirical and developmental work to elucidate the characteristics of manner implicatures and to model the sources of information in the pragmatic context which contribute to hearers’ derivation of manner implicatures. We suggest that learning from research on referential pacts and variationist sociolinguistics raises important questions for theories of manner, and that collaboration could develop our understanding of how form and meaning interact in communication more generally.
The Usage of Internet in the Context of ESG Model at World Level
Authors: Leogrande Angelo
Published: June 2023

In this article, I estimate the value of “Individual Using Internet”-IUI in the context of Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG database of the World Bank. I use data from 193 countries for the period 2011-2020. I found that among others the value of IUI is positively associated to “Methane Emissions” and “People Using Safely Managed Sanitation Services” and negatively associated among others to “Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption” and “Renewable Energy Consumption”. I apply the k-Means algorithm for the clusterization optimized with the Elbow Method and we find the presence of three clusters. Finally, I confront eight machine-learning algorithms to predict the future value of IUI. I found that the best predictive algorithm is Linear Regression and that the value of IUI is expected to decrease on average of 0.30% for the analysed countries.
Language Phylogenies: Modelling the evolution of language.
Authors: Greenhill Simon J.
Published: June 2023

Recent years have seen Bayesian phylogenetic methods from evolutionary biology applied to questions about language evolution in two major contexts. First, language phylogenies are now routinely used to make inferences and test hypotheses about human prehistory. Second, language phylogenies provide a solid backbone 10 to test hypotheses about how aspects of language and culture have evolved in three key ways: by revealing the evolutionary dynamics, by modelling the trait history, and testing coevolutionary hypotheses. In this chapter I will survey this literature, present some case studies that highlight how these tools have been and continue to be useful, and discuss some shortcomings and open problems.
Sexuality, Migration, and LGB Policy: A Portrait of Immigrants in Same-Sex Couples in the United States
Authors: Hoffmann Nathan Isaac , Velasco Kristopher
Published: June 2023

Both internationally and in the U.S., the policy landscape for same-sex couples is changing rapidly, and surveys report swiftly increasing numbers of immigrants in same-sex couples in the U.S. Yet few researchers have examined immigrant-containing lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) couples on a large scale, especially regarding their relationship to LGB policy. Are these immigrants disadvantaged and fleeing anti-LGB contexts, or are they empowered to migrate by progressive origin-country LGB policy? Using American Community Survey data from 2008 to 2019 and original datasets indexing LGB policy changes in 122 countries and all U.S. states, this study assesses and characterizes the scale of LGB migration to the U.S. as well as the role of LGB policy. Compared to those in different-sex couples, immigrants in same-sex couples come from richer, more democratic countries that are less represented among immigrants in the U.S. They also tend to be more highly educated, work in more prestigious occupations, and have higher incomes. While previous work largely focuses on LGB immigrants from repressive contexts, fixed-effect models show that higher proportions of these immigrants come from LGB-friendly countries, and they are more likely to live in progressive U.S. states. These findings highlight how sexuality as well as state policies seemingly unrelated to migration can shape migratory pathways.
World trends in ensuring food security by water bioresources
Authors:   Ural State University of Economics, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Semin Alexander N. , Tretyakov Anatoly P. ,   Ural Research Institute for Economic Security and Rural Development, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Published: June 2023

The article presents the results of the analysis of the impact of the production of aquatic biological resources on food security in the world. The place of industrial fishing and aquaculture in the system of food supply for the planet’s population has been determined. A rating of the world’s leading countries - producers of fishery and aquaculture products has been carried out. Based on a 40-year analysis, the main global trends in the production, consumption, export and import of fish and fish products are highlighted. It has been established that the increase in the physical volume of production of aquatic biological resources is significantly (by 1/3) ahead of the population growth in the world.
Development of the raw material base of hop growing as a sub-branch of traditional agriculture in the Chuvash Republic
Authors:   Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Michurinsk, Tambov Region, Russia, Truba Anatoliy S. , Karataeva Oksana G. ,   Russian State Agrarian University - MSKhA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia
Published: June 2023

The article considers the prospects for the development of the raw material base for the commodity production of hop raw materials. The trends in the development of the hop-growing industry in the Chuvash Republic are presented and analyzed. The problems of commodity producers and processors of hop raw materials in the current conditions of agribusiness development are formulated. The obtained results prove that the innovative development of the industry involves not only the use of resource-saving technologies in the production and processing of hop raw materials, but also the production of hop raw materials of various marketability.
Grain sub-complex of Perm Kari: trends, problems, prospects
Authors:   Perm State Agrarian and Technological University named after Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov, Perm, Russia, Shalaevа Lyudmila V.
Published: June 2023

The production of grain products is a strategic direction of agricultural production and a determining factor in ensuring the food security of Russia as a whole and its individual regions. Trends in the production of grain products in the Perm Region can have a significant impact on the formation of food resources and the level of food security in the region. Evaluation of the dynamics of factors of grain production (yield, acreage, intensification) has revealed positive and negative trends. A significant decrease in yields, a decrease in acreage and a decrease in area of mineral fertilizers application have led to a reduction in gross grain production in 2021 by 27%. At the same time, wheat sowing areas have expanded, and a high level of organic fertilizers has been maintained. With a high share of grain processing (76% in 2021), domestic consumption of grain products is provided by own production by only 39%. This determines the high degree of dependence of the region on external sources of grain resources formation and reduces the indicators of food security of the Perm Region. The increase in the technological capacity of the enterprises of the grain complex of the region, their provision with mineral fertilizers and varietal seeds with sufficient state support will increase the yield of grain crops, grain quality, which will serve as a factor in the growth of grain production and processing in the region and, as a consequence, the growth of food security of the Perm Region.
Farms: actual problems of effective functioning
Authors:   Russian Academy of Staffing for the Agro-Industrial Complex, Moscow, Russia, Samarkhanov Tagir G. , Turchin Andrey M. ,   Russian Academy of Staffing for the Agro-Industrial Complex, Moscow, Russia
Published: June 2023

Since 2006, an analysis of the activities of peasant (farmer) farms has been carried out, among which there is a fairly wide spread in both the provision of land and labor resources, as well as their material and technical equipment. Today there is no systematic analysis of the organizational structure and conditions of functioning of farms in general and in some subjects of the Russian Federation, which create the illusion of successful development of all Russian farming. Despite the numerical superiority of small farms, their share in total production remains insignificant. Only large and super-large farms show sufficiently high economic efficiency. The article examines the reasons for the low efficiency of small farms, and also shows ways to increase their profitability.
Development of berry growing in the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Ufa, Russia, Sitdikova Guzalia Z. , Khabirov Gamir A. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Ufa, Russia
Published: June 2023

The article substantiates one of the directions of solving the problem of self-sufficiency of the country’s population with food, in particular, fruits and berries. It has been established that strawberry orchards have the shortest payback periods. Technological maps have been developed, on the basis of which technical and economic indicators for laying berry crops and caring for them have been determined. Reserves for increasing berry production in the Republic of Bashkortostan have been identified.
The system of state grain quality control in Canada
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories – VNIIESH, Moscow, Russia, Shaikin Vladimir V. , Shaikina Elena V. ,   State University of Land Management, Moscow, Russia
Published: June 2023

The organization of quality control of food products is an important function of state control and supervisory authorities in Canada. Special attention in this country is paid to quality control of grain and grain products. The latter is due to the fact that Canada supplies most of its grain products for export. Some elements of the Canadian system of state grain quality control may also be of interest to Russia.
The effect of technical training on physical parameters of 11-14 years old freestyle wrestlers
Authors: GÜVEN Faruk
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine the physical changes resulting from technical training applied to adolescent wrestlers. Twenty-four male wrestlers volunteered to participate in the study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: Experimental group (EG, n=14) and Control group (CG, n=14). The EG had a mean age of 12.54±0.82 years, a mean body weight of 48.36±8.23 kg, and a mean height of 156.18±8.58 cm. The CG had a mean age of 13.62±0.33 years, a mean body weight of 47.43±6.65 kg, and a mean height of 158.24±2.26 cm. The EG performed a 12-week technical training specific to freestyle wrestling while the CG continouned their regular wrestling training. Before and after the 12 week training period, skinfold thickness and body circumference measurements were carried out. There were significant differences between pre and post tests in subscapula, biceps, triceps, pectoral, abdominal, suprailiac, abdominal, suprailiac, and tight (p
Endülüs’te Siyaset-Ekonomi İlişkisi: Ticari Hayatın Gerileme Süreci
Authors: YAVUZ Mehmet Ali
Published: June 2023

Endülüs’ün Müslümanlar tarafından fethi bölge açısından çeşitli değişimlere sahne oldu. Bu değişimler siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyal süreçlere yansımıştır. I. Abdurrahman’dan itibaren merkezileşme çabaları, III. Abdurrahman’ın güçlü bir halifelik sistemi kurması, doğu-batı ekseninde devlete saygınlık kazandırması ekonomiyi güçlendiren etmenlerdir. Onların sulama sistemleri geliştirmeleri, marjinal faydası yüksek ürünler üretmeleri bu noktada oldukça dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlardır. Endülüs Emevilerinin tarih sahnesinden kopuşuyla ortaya çıkan siyasi otonomlar Mülûkü’t-Tavâif dönemi olarak adlandırılır. Ortaya çıkan mahalli yapıların birbirleri ile olan rekabetleri onları Hristiyan devletler ile ittifak yapmaya zorladı. Hristiyan devletlerle ittifak kuran taraf çeşitli haraçları ödemeye mahkûm oldu. Bu ittifaklara karşı kaybeden taraf ise topraklarından Hristiyanlara pay vermek zorunda kaldı. Bu dönem sonrasında Kuzey Afrika kökenli devletlerin Endülüs’ü himayesiyle yeni bir süreç ortaya çıktı. Murâbıtlar bölgeye hâkim oldu. Murâbıtların ünlü hükümdarı Yûsuf b. Taşfin’in başarılı ekonomik politikalar yürüttüğü anlaşılmaktadır. Fakat bu süreç uzun sürmedi. Kuzey Afrika’da yaşanan siyasi gerilimler Murâbıtların odağının Endülüs topraklarından kaymasına sebep oldu. Vergiler yeniden halkın sırtına yüklendi. Muvahhidler dönemi de ekonomik sahada vaatkâr bir seyir izlemedi. Hem Hristiyan reconquista hareketiyle hem de Haçlı Seferlerinin ekonomik yaptırımlarıyla bölge her anlamda zayıfladı. Reconquistanın ilerlemesiyle ele geçirilen şehirlerde tüccar ve çiftçi sınıfı sürgün edildi. Mayorka, Minorka gibi çeşitli kritik noktaların kaybedilmesiyle Akdeniz bölgesinin ticari konsensüsü değişime uğradı. Bu gerilemeler sonucunda ticaret uluslararası alandan bölgesel üretime doğru bir seyir takip etti.
Annotated catalogue of the type specimens of salmon, cod and cottoid fishes described by Dmitry Taliev
Authors: Spodareva V.V. , Zhidkov Z.V. , Sideleva V.G.
Published: June 2023

The article provides a brief biography of the ichthyologist Dmitry Nikolayevich Taliev (1908–1952), as well as information and illustrations for 24 taxa described by him from the White Sea (Gadidae – one subspecies), the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk (Salmonidae – one subspecies), Lake Baikal (Cottidae – 2 species and 4 subspecies; Abyssocottidae – 6 species and 8 subspecies), and Lake Baunt (Cottidae – 1 subspecies; Abyssocottidae – 1 species). For 19 taxa, photographs and radiographs of type specimens kept in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Saint Petersburg, Russia) are presented for the first time. Type specimens of three species and two subspecies from the families Cottidae and Abyssocottidae found in the collection are examined and catalogued. It was revealed that Cottus kessleri bauntovi Taliev, 1946 and Limnocottus kozovi Taliev, 1946 are morphologically similar to Cottus sibiricus, a species widely distributed in Siberia, including Lake Baunt. According to modern fish taxonomy, Taliev’s 12 taxa are valid. Findings of type specimens in the historical collection are extremely important for the scientific community.
When did the first species of the genera Tonicella Carpenter, 1873 and Boreochiton G.O. Sars, 1878 (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) appear in the Atlantic Ocean?
Authors: Sirenko B.I. , Dell’Angelo B.
Published: June 2023

It is assumed that the species of the genera Boreochiton G.O. Sars, 1878 and Tonicella Carpenter, 1873 originated in the North Pacific Ocean. The first representatives of these genera apparently penetrated into the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean not earlier than the Pliocene. Fossil representatives from the Late Cenozoic deposits of Europe, belonging to the genus Tonicella, have a sculpture of a tegmentum closer to the species of the genus Lepidochitona Gray, 1821, which suggests their transfer to this genus.
Organization of soft soils macrobenthic communities in the littoral of the Chupa Bay of the White Sea: a long-term aspect
Authors: Filippova N.A. , Gerasimova A.V. , Kozin V.V. , Kairov A.I. , Maximovich N.V.
Published: June 2023

The study of interannual changes in the structure of soft soil macrobenthic communities was carried out on the basis of material collected in three littoral sites in the waters of the Keret archipelago of the White Sea in 1983– 2013. The analyzed sites differed in biotopic heterogeneity (characteristics of the soil, degree of closure of water areas, salinity regime). This is a sandy beach in a seaward zone, and two silt-sandy beaches in a semi-enclosed and practically closed water area. The latter is located near the mouth of the Keret River, and is also under the influence of lake runoff, respectively, experiencing a slight freshening. The distance between the sites does not exceed a few kilometers. At two sites, significant changes in the structure of macrobenthos were noted, up to a change in the species dominating in biomass. The study of conjugation of fluctuations in abundance and biomass of common species showed that most taxa demonstrate an independent change in abundance indicators. However, in areas where sea grasses dominated in biomass, the change in the number of significant correlations between taxa, both in abundance and biomass, in some years occurred in accordance with fluctuations in the biomass of Zostera marina Linnaeus, 1753. It was not possible to find climatic and hydrological indicators that would explain the interannual changes in macrobenthos abundance indicators at once in all sites, despite their slight distance from each other. Thus, the conducted studies showed that the structure of macrobenthos of soft soils in the dry zone and the upper sublittoral in the region of the Keret archipelago was distinguished by spatial and temporal heterogeneity, in which one can see a reflection of the biotopic heterogeneity of habitats, features of interspecific relationships, and dynamics of the structure of settlements of dominant species. Under relatively stable climatic, hydrological, and edaphic conditions, significant changes in the structure of the White Sea littoral bottom communities of soft bottoms were mainly determined by natural changes in the structure of settlements of dominant taxa.
Calculation of cylindrical mesh coatings based on equations of motion
Authors: Siyanov A. I. , Yaroshevich D. K.
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Determination of oscillation process mechanisms affecting the coating operation and rational visualization of the results obtained.

Methodology: The analysis of dynamic effects on cylindrical mesh coatings. The considered rational grid shape has a diagonal element in the middle. Numerical calculations are conducted using software.

Research findings: Structures under static loads are studied. Mathematical dependencies are identified and the model of the dynamic load is proposed. Direct integration of equations of motion is carried out. Acceptable ratios are obtained for geometric parameters.

Practical implication: Extreme values of force factors and parameters are recorded for the structure deformation at given time interval.

Originality/value: Oscillatory processes of operating devices and mechanical failure of the attached equipment considered in using cylindrical mesh coatings in specific conditions.
Bridge Crack Detection Based on Attention Mechanism
Authors: Chuang Geng , Li-jia Cao
Published: June 2023

With the strong support of the country for bridge construction and the increase in supervision of the safety of old bridges, the visual-based bridge crack target detection has a problem of incomplete target framing due to the characteristics of the bridge crack target, reflecting the current algorithm model's poor ability to accurately identify targets. In this paper, YOLO V5 algorithm was used to address the issue of poor accuracy in bridge crack target detection, and a relevant bridge crack detection dataset was created. Three attention mechanisms, SENet, ECALayer, and CBAM, were respectively fused to improve the model's feature fusion part, and comparative experiments were conducted. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm has increased from 80.5% to 87% in mAP50-95 indicators compared to the original algorithm.
Proportional Derivative – Type Iterative Learning Algorithm for a Motion Control System
Authors: Huyen Duong Thi Thanh , Hoc Vu Van , Hoa Nguyen Thi Thanh
Published: June 2023

In this paper, Iterative Learning Control (ILC) combined with a Proportional Derivative (PD) regulator is proposed to deal with the problem of designing a control signal for motion control systems. The main idea in iterative learning control is to gradually improve the performance of the system by exploiting data from the previous iterations. The learning control algorithm can obtain a better tracking control performance for the next run and hence outperforms conventional control approaches such as Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller and feedforward control. The main area of application for ILC is control of industrial robots and CNC machine tool, printing, and other industrial applications. The learning algorithms can also be used in combination with other control techniques. For example, learning feedforward control is designed in the first iteration. Then iterative learning control is applied to improve performance in the subsequent iterations. In addition, the conventional feedback regulator is designed in combination with iterative control to deal with uncertainty. Simulation results demonstrate the potential benefits, sensitivity and robustness of the proposed method.
Dynamic Model of a Robotic Manipulator with One Degree of Freedom with Friction Component
Authors: Junior Jose A. G. Luz , Balthazar Jose M. , Ribeiro Mauricio A. , Janzen Frederic C. , Tusset Angelo Marcelo
Published: June 2023

This research aims to develop a dynamic model of a robotic manipulator with one degree of freedom by incorporating the LuGre friction model. The study combines a mathematical model with experimental data analysis, using the Stribeck curve and Non-linear Least Square method for Parameter Identification. The purpose of the study is to improve the accuracy of the model and enhance the performance of robotic manipulators. The LuGre model is chosen for its ability to capture the nonlinear behavior of friction, which is a significant source of error in robot control systems. The effectiveness of the proposed representation is evaluated by comparing the simulation results of the dynamic model with experimental data obtained from a prototype. The results indicate that the model accurately captures the nonlinear behavior of friction, and the proposed approach can be used to develop more accurate models for control purposes.
Fault Tolerant Super Twisting Sliding Mode Control of a Quadrotor UAV Using Control Allocation
Authors: Karahan Mehmet , Inal Mertcan , Kasnakoglu Cosku
Published: June 2023

In this study, a fault-tolerant super-twisting sliding mode controller with a control allocation system for a quadrotor aircraft is proposed. Super twisting sliding mode control is a robust control technique that handles a system with a relative degree equal to one. A super-twisting sliding mode controller is proposed because of its robustness to uncertainties and perturbations. It increases accuracy and reduces chattering. A control allocation algorithm is developed to cope with the actuator fault. Firstly, a nonlinear model of the quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is presented. Then, the controller design and type of the actuator fault are explained. The control allocation algorithm is used to optimize the trajectory tracking performance of the quadrotor in the presence of an actuator fault. A control allocation algorithm is an effective approach to implementing fault-tolerant control. When actuator faults are identified, they can be modeled as changes in the B matrix of constraints. Various simulations have been made for situations with and without actuator failure. In normal conditions, the quadrotor can accurately track altitude, roll, pitch and yaw references. In faulty conditions, the quadrotor can follow the references with a small error. Simulations prove the effectiveness of the control allocation algorithm, which stabilizes the quadrotor in case of an actuator fault. Overall, this paper presents a novel fault-tolerant controller design for quadrotor aircraft that effectively addresses actuator faults using a super-twisting sliding mode controller and control allocation algorithm.
Ball and Beam Control: Evaluating Type-1 and Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Techniques with Root Locus Optimization
Authors: Chotikunnan Rawiphon , Chotikunnan Phichitphon , Ma'arif Alfian , Thongpance Nuntachai , Pititheeraphab Yutthana , Srisiriwat Anuchart
Published: June 2023

This study evaluates the performance of three control systems, namely the root locus method, type-1 Mamdani fuzzy logic system (FLS), and interval type-2 Mamdani FLS, in noise-free and noisy ball and beam systems. The main contribution of this study is enabling improved design and implementation of control systems in real-world applications by offering a comprehensive understanding of each control system's performance. The methodology involves conducting four tests focusing on various input types, including a 0.8-meter step input and sine wave function, and assessing the presence of noise in the system. The performance of each control system is analyzed using parameters such as rise time, setting time, and percentage overshoot, with the interval type-2 Mamdani FLS further examined by varying footprint of uncertainty values. Results from noise-free tests reveal that the root locus method has shorter rise and setting times, but a higher percentage overshoot compared to the type-1 Mamdani FLS and type-2 Mamdani FLS. In noisy environments, the type-2 Mamdani FLS with varying Footprint of Uncertainty values outperforms the type-1 Mamdani FLS with reduced rise time, setting time, and percentage overshoot. The root locus method shows a significantly higher percentage overshoot in noisy conditions compared to the other two control systems. In conclusion, the type-2 Mamdani FLS control system demonstrates superior capability under changing conditions compared to the type-1 Mamdani FLS, with its performance varying based on footprint of uncertainty values. This study highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate control system depending on specific needs and environmental factors.
Stability Analysis of Cyber-physical System Under Transmission Delay
Authors: Alyazidi Nezar Mohammed , Al-Wajih Yousif Ahmed , Mahmoud Magdi S. , Hamdan Mutaz M.
Published: June 2023

With the intimate integration of power grids and cyber networks, limited bandwidth and packet delay have a rapidly expanding negative impact on power system performance. The presented multi-area interconnected power system consists of four areas, each including thermal and hydro-generation plants. This paper investigates the stability analysis problem for cyber-physical systems with a round-robin communication protocol under mixed cyberattacks and load changes. The objective is to stabilize a multi-area interconnected power system (MAIPS) using a static feedback controller while minimizing the defined performance function. Then, the stability of the MAIPS is characterized when the system is subjected to a transmission delay while considering predetermined limits for the duration and the frequency of the delay. Our findings indicate that time delays can influence system stability and that choosing an appropriate sampling interval is necessary to ensure the stability of the system. Finally, an illustrative example of three areas of interconnected power systems with several scenarios is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Technical and Economic Evaluation and Optimization of an Off-Grid Wind/Hydropower Hybrid System
Authors: Alayi Reza , Ebazadeh Yaser , Monfared Hossein , Mohammadi-Aykar Salamollah , Kumar Laveet , Ma’arif Alfian , Jamali Eskandar
Published: June 2023

Owing to global population growth, more fossil fuels are being used to meet the energy demand, which has led to increases in environmental pollution. Therefore, alternative sources such as renewable energy can be employed to meet some of the needs. Renewable energy has been criticized for its related problems such as downtime and high investment costs. In this study, a system was proposed to address these two problems by integrating wind and hydropower turbines, in Khalkhal, Ardabil, Iran as a case study. To appraise the system, an economic model was generalized, and an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) method aiming to reduce investment costs was, implemented. The results show that to cover 100% of the required energy demand with a hybrid system of wind and hydropower turbines, the total cost of this system will be $ 202138. Also, the Cost of Energy (COE) per unit of generated power with the hydropower system, wind, and battery storage is gauged at 0.261 $/kWh. For the case study, to supply the required energy demand, 10 wind turbines and 23 kVA batteries, as well as a 14.6 kW hydropower turbine are required.
Awareness Regarding Cross-Contamination Control among Post-Graduate Residents
Authors: Afzal Javeria , Jehan Ruqqia , Malik Farheen , Shoaib Muhammad , Rasheed Dil , Jamil Muhammad , Sajjid Mustafa
Published: June 2023

Background: Cross-infection during clinical training can occur when an infectious pathogen is transmitted between a medical staff and a patient in the clinical setting. Dental professionals, including dental/oral hygienists, doctors and P. A’s, are always at high risk of getting HIV and / or hepatitis B. Cross-infection is well-defined as “spread/transfer of infection amongst staff and patients in clinic or hospital setting”.
Methods: Questionnaire based Cross-sectional study was done on post-graduate residents of the Multan dental college Multan. 58 post-graduate residents took part in our research. Universal sampling was done for collection of data. Partakers signed an informed consent.
Results: Fifty-eight postgraduate residents completed the form. Males were eighteen while ladies were forty.79% participants believe that dental setups/hospitals are more liable to contamination compared to other healthcare areas. All PGR’s believe that vaccination against the hepatitis B virus is obligatory for a dental professional and they maintain additional precautions generally whenever dealing AIDS & hepatitis B, C patients. 93% residents wash their hands regularly after treating each & every patient and indicated that use of PPE plays an important role in preventing cross-contamination. 96.5% of subjects were conscious whenever handling sharp instruments. Majority of these PGR’s use facemask & gloves nevertheless Protective eyewear, aprons & head-caps were not used by most of them.
Conclusion: Participants showed satisfactory awareness about cross-contamination control. Knowledge gained must also be transferred to their daily practice. Dental institutes should also focus on establishing policies to control cross-contamination at the institutional level.
Forecasting Incidence Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Azad Jammu & Kashmir: A Five-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Ilyas Muhammad Tayyab , Saghir Aamir , Malik Kainat Fatima , Khanum Adeela , Fazal Dad Nadeem Ahmed
Published: June 2023

Background: Tuberculosis is one of the critical public health issue in Pakistan, according to report of WHO (2018), it holds 5th place among the TB high burden countries and estimated to be on fourth position for MDR prevalence. Currently, Pakistan is sharing 61% of case burden of TB in EMRO region.
Methods: Polynomial regression model was used to predict the tuberculosis incidence prevalence in AJ&K for the year 2019. Estimation based on tuberculosis data (2014-2018) analyzed for the incidence prevalence of tuberculosis in AJ&K for 2019.
Results: Tuberculosis incidence prevalence for 2018 was obtained 118/100000. The actual data of 2018 reported shows that averagely incidence prevalence of TB remains 124/100000 with minor difference from the predicted value of 2018. The data analysis from 2014 to 2018; predicted that average 130/100000 cases will be reported in 2019.
Conclusion: This shows that AJ&K is far from the target (270/100000) recognized by WHO. If one TB case produces 10 cases in community annually, then in coming years, there will be adversity of TB cases in the AJ&K. It is suggested to WHO to revise its target.
Diabetes Mellitus: Assessment of Knowledge about Disease Before and after Implementing an Education Program
Authors: Shah Syed Qararo , Maheshwari Bharat Kumar , Lanjwani Abdul Hameed , Bibi Anees , Maheshwari Monika , Khushk Imdad Ali
Published: June 2023

Background: Provision of diabetes knowledge and awareness helps the diabetic patients take a better self-care, manage their disease well and identify symptoms of and prevent chronic complications. The purpose of this comparative study was to evaluate the knowledge that diabetic patients had about their disease before and after diabetes knowledge increasing sessions.
Methods: We enrolled 166 patients of either gender and age 31-70 years- who attended diabetes OPD at a tertiary care hospital for having DM for 2 years or more. Only consent providing patients were enrolled. Using visual aid and published material education sessions were delivered. A 40 items (9 sub-sections) questionnaire was used to pre and post sessions knowledge.
Results: The analysis of pre-session and post-session was tested using student’s t-test which revealed statistically very significant increase in all sub-sections of knowledge. The mean ± SD age was 51.09 ± 8.16 years. The patients’ knowledge regarding their disease increased significantly (p<0.05); especially considering the general topics concerning concept of the disease, physiopathology and treatment, physical activity and nutrition. The increase in knowledge after imparting the education/ awareness sessions ranged from 36% (Eating sub-section) to 114% (Special situations sub-section) of overall knowledge. Total mean score of knowledge increased from pre-session score 15.80 ± 3.387 to post-session score 28.03 ± 5.817 (p value 0.00059).
Conclusion: Young age, male and upper socioeconomic status patients had more increase in mean scores.
Intra-Familial Spread of HBV among HbsAg Positive Parents and their Children in a Defined Rural Community of District Peshawar, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Aftab , Ahmad Israr , . Obaidullah , Ahmad Zahoor , . Ambreen
Published: June 2023

Background: HBV horizontal and vertical transmission rate vary among population in different social communities. To know the leading cause of HBV transmission among a community would ease the planning and strategies to minimize the spread.  The objectives were to determine the frequency of different mode of intra-familial spread of Hepatitis B among the infected index identified families of rural community of Peshawar.
Methods: This was 18 months descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among married couples of a defined rural community of district Peshawar. After taking informed consent from 797 couples of rural community, 3 to 5 ml blood sample was collected from each respondents for HbsAg screening along with the required data collected using predesigned questionnaire using convenient sampling techniques. HbsAg positive cases were considered as HBV index. Index case of both Hbs Ag positive parents were decided based on past history, previous exposure, past diagnosis and treatment record. The spouses and children of index cases were screened for serological determinants like HbsAg, HbeAg and ALT. Data was gathered and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.
Results: A total of 797 couples (1593 parents) were selected with proportion of household from ten different blocks of village Budhni. The prevalence of HBV infection among parents was found 1.5%. Nineteen HBV index families were detected among 797 parents screened for HbsAg. Spouse transmission rate of HBV were found 26.3% on average Transmission of HBV infection rate from index mother to children was 11.8%. About 10.5% index females were HbeAg positive.
Conclusion: HBV transmission was high among the spouses followed by vertical transmission in a rural community of district Peshawar.
Socio-Demographics and Contraceptive Acceptance of Women of Reproductive Age in Peshawar Pakistan: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ahmed Ammarah , Ali Aaqib , Salam Maham , Ahmed Momnah , Bukhari Naeem
Published: June 2023

Background: Delaying in the initiation of effective contraception in postpartum period and during lactation puts a woman at risk of rapid, repeat, and unintended pregnancy. Postpartum Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (PPIUD) insertion during a Caesarean section allows obstetrician to insert it under vision thus excluding any fear of perforating the uterus with major side effects that is bleeding and abdominal cramps being masked in the puerperium. The aim of the currents study was to investigate knowledge, attitude, and acceptance trends of contraception practices among women from Peshawar Pakistan.
Methods: Current six-month duration (January 1,2019 to June 30, 2019) based cross-sectional study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit B, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar by following non-probability purposive sampling approach. Detailed socio-demographic and obstetric history was obtained from 316 women who were admitted for elective lower segment Caesarean section by informed ethical concern. The major socio-demographic details collected from the study participants may include age, education level and number of total pregnancies conceived. Further, profession and duration from last childbirth related factor were compared with the knowledge and acceptance rates of intra-uterine postpartum contraception by using Chi-Square test. Further data analysis was made by using SPSS v. 20 and Microsoft office 2010 different tools.
Results: Out of 316 participants, only 22 (6.96%) women accepted PPIUCD during Caesarean section. The mean age of participants was 33.26 ± 5.1 SD. About 243 (76.89%) cases had no normal schooling, 15 (4.7%) had primary education, 57 (18%) had secondary and only 1 (0.3%) had higher education. Similarly, 294 (93%) were housewives while only 22 (7%) were employed at work., no significant difference was noted among the acceptance of the different age groups.
Conclusion: The uptake of PPIUCD is very low as observed in this study. To improve the situation, health authorities should be encouraged to provide counseling on postpartum contraceptive methods during ante- and post-partum care visits.
Verb Forms of Sikka Krowe Language: a Contrastive Analysis
Authors: Jare Estiana , Nasa Rikardus , Maria Klaretin Antonius
Published: June 2023

Language is a crucial factor in teaching and learning. The language could be mother tongue, foreign language or local language. This research was aimed at finding and describing about English and Sikka Krowe language verb forms, the similarities and differences of both language verb forms, the implications of the similarities and differences of English and Sikka Krowe language verbs in teaching English in EFL setting. This research was classified as a qualitative study. The techniques of data collection used in this research were interview and study document. The result of the research showed that both English and Sikka Krowe language verbs changed based on subjects as in English. There are some verbs which do not change in all forms for all times. The difference was that Sikka Krowe language verbs did not have any grammatical tense as in English. Each subject has its own verb form which is used for all times. English have six basic verb forms namely base, to infinitive, present, past, present participle and pas participle whereas Sikka Krowe language only has base forms which different for each subject. Since the difference of both language is caused by the grammatical tense of the verbs, the recommended methods which could be applied are grammar translation method and community language learning.
The Analysis of Slang Words In English Online Learning Classroom
Authors: Prayudha Joko , Pradana Ami
Published: June 2023

Educational system changed to online learning because pandemic covid 19 spreads around the world. Teachers and students have to use an alternative way to carry out education through learning technology. Online learning creates a new way of communicating between teachers and students, especially when they send messages by learning platform so that in its implementation sometimes various variations appear in the use of language in learning or it is the use of slang words. The slang words are informal words or terms that have become a culture or habit in the daily conversations. This study aims to analyse the slang words used by students when learning English during online learning and also to find out the reason students use the slang words. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative. The data was collected through the analysis of the conversation transcripts of the WhatsApp learning group and zoom comments, then an interview used to know students’ perception about slang words. The result shows that students use slang words both in Indonesian and English when chatting with friends, expressing feelings, discussing and so on. Then, there are 13 Indonesian slang words and 15 English slang words that students common use in online conversation. Next, students assume that the use of slang words can make the learning atmosphere less tense, easy to understand, to short words and make the teaching and learning process more relaxed.