bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanically Ultra‐Robust, Elastic, Conductive, and Multifunctional Hybrid Hydrogel for a Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Flexible/Wearable Sensor
Authors: Long Yong , Wang Zhuo , Xu Fan , Jiang Bin , Xiao Junfeng , Yang Jun , Wang Zhong Lin , Hu Weiguo
Published: October 2022

Flexibility/wearable electronics such as strain/pressure sensors in human–machine interactions (HMI) are highly developed nowadays. However, challenges remain because of the lack of flexibility, fatigue resistance, and versatility, leading to mechanical damage to device materials during practical applications. In this work, a triple‐network conductive hydrogel is fabricated by combining 2D Ti3C2Tx nanosheets with two kinds of 1D polymer chains, polyacrylamide, and polyvinyl alcohol. The Ti3C2Tx nanosheets act as the crosslinkers, which combine the two polymer chains of PAM and PVA via hydrogen bonds. Such a unique structure endows the hydrogel (MPP‐hydrogel) with merits such as mechanical ultra‐robust, super‐elasticity, and excellent fatigue resistance. More importantly, the introduced Ti3C2Tx nanosheets not only enhance the hydrogel's conductivity but help form double electric layers (DELs) between the MXene nanosheets and the free water molecules inside the MPP‐hydrogel. When the MPP‐hydrogel is used as the electrode of the triboelectric nanogenerator (MPP‐TENG), due to the dynamic balance of the DELs under the initial potential difference generated from the contact electrification as the driving force, an enhanced electrical output of the TENG is generated. Moreover, flexible strain/pressure sensors for tiny and low‐frequency human motion detection are achieved. This work demonstrates a promising flexible electronic material for e‐skin and HMI.
Experimental and Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Study of the Deformation Behavior of High‐Mn Steel Micropillars
Authors: Ha Sangyul , Kayani Saif Haider , Lee Kyungjun , Park Sangeun , Kim Jung Gi , Seol Jae Bok , Sung Hyokyung
Published: October 2022

Experimental and crystal plasticity finite element modeling approaches are used to predict the deformation behavior of micropillar in the 16Mn steel. The intrinsic (crystallographic orientation) and extrinsic (friction coefficient on the micropillar) factors are considered for both experiment and modeling on the deformation behavior of micropillars. When the friction coefficient is low, buckling is occurred by slipping on the top surface of the micropillar, while barreling is accommodated in the high friction coefficient condition. In the multiple slip system, the influence of the friction coefficient is negligible on the deformation behavior of the micropillar because slip initiation can occur at multiple points.
Electrochemical Sulfite‐Ion Sensor Using Sm2CuO4‐Based Layered Perovskite‐Type Oxide Thick Film
Authors: Shinoda Yasunari , Takase Satoko , Shimizu Youichi
Published: October 2022

Sm2−xCexBO4 (x = 0, 0.1; B = Fe, Cu) thick films were prepared by an electrophoretic deposition method and applied as sulfite‐ion (SO32−) sensors. Among the oxides, Sm1.9Ce0.1CuO4 showed good amperometric response to sulfite ions in the ion concentration range between 1.0 × 10−5 and 1.0 × 10−4 M at 30 °C. The applied potential to the electrode should be one of the key factors of high selectivity, and the relatively low potential of +0.2 V versus Ag/AgCl was found to be optimal for the detection of sulfite ions. Good sulfite‐ion sensing should be enabled by Cu+ in Sm1.9Ce0.1CuO4 where SO32− is easily adsorbed. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Mathematical modeling of inhomogeneous electric field impact on a liquid crystal layer
Authors: Sadovskii Vladimir M. , Sadovskaya Oxana V.
Published: October 2022

The authors analyze the Fréedericksz transition phenomenon of reorientation of molecules in the plane liquid crystal layer in inhomogeneous electric field generated by parallel plate capacitor using the Oseen–Frank mathematical model. The capacitor is a set of short metal plates periodically located on both sides of the extended liquid crystal layer, connected in series in two circuits. When electric charges of different signs appear on opposite plates of the capacitor, the electric field in the periodicity cell turns out to be significantly inhomogeneous both in length and in thickness of the layer. Governing equations of the model represent Euler's variational equations in the problem on minimization of the potential energy of liquid crystal. Numerical solution of the equations uses the authorial variational difference scheme. The Laplace equation for electric potential in the exterior of the liquid crystal layer is solved using the method of lines. The electric field and the patterns of orientation angles of molecules inside the layer are determined by iterating with numerical solution of Poisson's equation using the fast Fourier transform at each iteration step. The algorithm is implemented by means of CUDA technology for computing systems with graphics accelerators. The scale of the mesh to ensure the computation accuracy is selected from calculation of Tsvetkov's order parameter in a rectangular cell pattern. Verification of the algorithm and program is implemented by way of comparing the computational results and the exact solution of the problem on the homogenous electric field with the constant initial orientation angle of liquid crystal molecules. The computations accomplished yield the patterns of the electric potentials and orientation angles of molecules depending on the position of the capacitor plates at uniform and s‐shaped initial distribution of the orientation angles through the thickness of the liquid crystal layer.
Liver, visceral and subcutaneous fat in men and women of South Asian and white European descent: a systematic review and meta-analysis of new and published data
Authors: Iliodromiti Stamatina , McLaren James , Ghouri Nazim , Miller Melissa R. , Dahlqvist Leinhard Olof , Linge Jennifer , Ballantyne Stuart , Platt Jonathan , Foster John , Hanvey Scott , Gujral Unjali P. , Kanaya Alka , Sattar Naveed , Lumsden Mary Ann , Gill Jason M. R.
Published: October 2022

Aims/hypothesis

South Asians have a two- to fivefold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes than those of white European descent. Greater central adiposity and storage of fat in deeper or ectopic depots are potential contributing mechanisms. We collated existing and new data on the amount of subcutaneous (SAT), visceral (VAT) and liver fat in adults of South Asian and white European descent to provide a robust assessment of potential ethnic differences in these factors.

Methods

We performed a systematic review of the Embase and PubMed databases from inception to August 2021. Unpublished imaging data were also included. The weighted standardised mean difference (SMD) for each adiposity measure was estimated using random-effects models. The quality of the studies was assessed using the ROBINS-E tool for risk of bias and overall certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. The study was pre-registered with the OSF Registries (https://osf.io/w5bf9).

Results

We summarised imaging data on SAT, VAT and liver fat from eight published and three previously unpublished datasets, including a total of 1156 South Asian and 2891 white European men, and 697 South Asian and 2271 white European women. Despite South Asian men having a mean BMI approximately 0.5–0.7 kg/m2 lower than white European men (depending on the comparison), nine studies showed 0.34 SMD (95% CI 0.12, 0.55; I2=83%) more SAT and seven studies showed 0.56 SMD (95% CI 0.14, 0.98; I2=93%) more liver fat, but nine studies had similar VAT (−0.03 SMD; 95% CI −0.24, 0.19; I2=85%) compared with their white European counterparts. South Asian women had an approximately 0.9 kg/m2 lower BMI but 0.31 SMD (95% CI 0.14, 0.48; I2=53%) more liver fat than their white European counterparts in five studies. Subcutaneous fat levels (0.03 SMD; 95% CI −0.17, 0.23; I2=72%) and VAT levels (0.04 SMD; 95% CI −0.16, 0.24; I2=71%) did not differ significantly between ethnic groups in eight studies of women.

Conclusions/interpretation

South Asian men and women appear to store more ectopic fat in the liver compared with their white European counterparts with similar BMI levels. Given the emerging understanding of the importance of liver fat in diabetes pathogenesis, these findings help explain the greater diabetes risks in South Asians.

Funding

There was no primary direct funding for undertaking the systematic review and meta-analysis.

Graphical abstract
Trajectories of generalized anxiety disorder, major depression and change in quality of life in adults aged 50 + : findings from a longitudinal analysis using representative, population-based data from Ireland
Authors: Hohls Johanna Katharina , König Hans-Helmut , Hajek André
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To investigate the longitudinal association between trajectories (incidence, remission) of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depression (MD) and change in quality of life (QoL) in adults aged 50 + , and to assess the symmetry in these relationships using observational study data.

Methods

Data were derived from two waves of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging (2014–2015, wave 3: n = 6400; 2016, wave 4: n = 5715), a nationally representative cohort of community-dwelling adults aged 50 +. GAD and MD were assessed by means of the short form of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. QoL outcomes were assessed using the Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, and Pleasure scale (CASP-12 with two domains control/autonomy and self-realization/pleasure). Covariate-adjusted, asymmetric fixed effects panel regressions and post-estimation Wald tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Regarding incident disorders, only incident MD was significantly associated with a reduction in QoL over time (control/autonomy domain: b = − 0.74, SE: 0.30). Regarding remission, both remission of MD (b = 0.61, SE: 0.20) and remission of GAD (b = 0.61, 0.26) were significantly associated with an increase in the self-realization/pleasure domain over time. Subsequent Wald tests of the estimates were not significant, indicating symmetric effects.

Conclusion

Particularly the remission of GAD and MD was associated with a significant improvement in one of the QoL domains, indicating domain- and trajectory-specific differences. However, symmetric effects observed in this study indicate that gains and losses in QoL associated with remission and incidence of GAD and MD are of similar magnitude in adults aged 50 +.
Assessment of Risk Factors for Rupture in Breast Reconstruction Patients with Macrotextured Breast Implants
Authors: Paolini Guido , Firmani Guido , Briganti Francesca , Macino Mattia , Nigrelli Simone , Sorotos Michail , Santanelli di Pompeo Fabio
Published: October 2022

Background

Breast implants (BI) are widely used in plastic surgery, though they are not lifetime devices. Average life before rupture is reported to be around 10–15 years. No consensus exists regarding which factors are involved.

Objectives

Following FDA recommendations, this study aims at identifying potential risk factors by evaluating their effect on BI rupture cases.

Methods

In this observational study, 763 BI patients were operated between 2003 and 2019, with a mean implant indwelling of 12.2 years. Patients that returned for follow-up were administered a questionnaire regarding postoperative lifestyle and habits. Implant rupture rate was 15.1%, while BI lifespan was 10.1 years. We obtained complete data from 191 breast implant patients (288 implants). Twenty-three potential risk factors were evaluated and divided in four categories: patient-related, surgery-related, postoperative complications/symptoms, and postoperative care/lifestyle habits. Odds Ratio (OR) for each factor was calculated. Linear regression analysis was calculated for those with a significant OR.

Results

We report 120 patients (195 implants) with intact and 71 (93 implants) with ruptured devices. BIs were macrotextured in 95.1% of cases (86.8% Allergan BIOCELL). OR was significant for underwire bra use (OR: 2.708), car seat belts (OR: 3.066), mammographic imaging (OR: 2.196), weightlifting (OR: 0.407) and carry-on heavy purses and backpacks (OR: 0.347).

Conclusion

Wearing underwire bras, seat belts and undergoing mammography increases the risk of rupture. Weightlifting and carry heavy bags do not increase that risk. Implant rupture is directly linked with time of indwelling. Postoperative recommendations in BI patients should consider findings from our study, though larger multicenter studies should be encouraged.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Fusion seismischer, akustischer und optischer Unterwasserdaten und Modelle zur Analyse submariner Hangrutschungen an Vulkansystemen
Authors: Köser K. , Kwasnitschka T. , Urlaub M.
Published: October 2022

Die Messung submariner Bodendeformationen an den Flanken von Inselvulkanen hilft dabei, ihre Stabilität und die Gefahr von Hangrutschungen einzuschätzen, ist aber inherent schwierig für Gebiete, die unter Wasser liegen. Wiederholte Seismik- oder Fächerecholot-Vermessungen können größere Gebiete abdecken, aber Auflösung und Lokalisierung sind bestimmten Grenzen unterworfen. Optische Daten andererseits sind besser aufgelöst, aber limitiert in ihrer räumlichen Abdeckung, und Meeresbodengeodäsie wiederum liefert nur punktuelle Information. In diesem Artikel schlagen wir vor, verschiedene Arten von Fernerkundungsdaten zusammenzubringen und auch mit bestehenden statischen und dynamischen Modellen zu verschneiden. Aufgrund ihrer verschiedenen Modalitäten, Unsicherheiten und Skalierungen ist dies jedoch schwierig und bedarf einer Fusion. Zusammen mit anderen Aspekten (Erdbeben, Strömungen etc.) sollen die fusionierten Daten und Modelle langfristig neue Einblicke in das dynamische System des sich verändernden Meeresbodens, die dafür verantwortlichen Faktoren sowie die Auswirkungen instabiler submariner Hänge auf andere Meeressysteme bieten.
Acute response of biomarkers in plasma from capillary blood after a strenuous endurance exercise bout
Authors: Reichel Thomas , Held Steffen , Schwarz Anthony , Hacker Sebastian , Wesemann Fabian , Donath Lars , Krüger Karsten
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The present study aims to investigate the acute response of potential exercise-sensitive biomarkers in capillary plasma to an acute incremental running test. In a second step, their concentration was compared to the changes in the venous serum.

Methods

Thirty-seven active young female and male adults completed a VO2max ramp test on a treadmill. Before and after exercise, capillary blood from the earlobe and venous blood were taken and synchronized. Concentrations of Interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, Interferon (IFN)-y, CC-chemokine ligand (CCL)-2, Matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-9, Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), Cluster of differentiation (CD)163, S100 Ca2+ -binding protein (S100) A8, S100A9, S100B, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined by magnetic bead-based multiplex assay.

Results

Capillary plasma concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IFN-y, CCL-2, MMP-9, SPARC, CD163, S100A9, S100B, and BDNF increased after exercise (p < 0.05). Comparing the values from capillary plasma and venous serum, ICCs classified as good were found for IFN-y (post), while the ICCs for IL-1β, IL-8, IL-17A, CCL-2, MMP-9 (post), SPARC, and BDNF (post) were classified as moderate. For all other parameters, only weak ICCs were found.

Conclusion

As in the venous serum, there was an increase in most markers in the capillary plasma. However, acceptable to low associations can be found in the concentration levels of these proteins between the compartments. Thus, this source of blood sampling could find some biomarker applications in sports practice.
Time course of adverse reactions following BNT162b2 vaccination in healthy and allergic disease individuals aged 5–11 years and comparison with individuals aged 12–15 years: an observational and historical cohort study
Authors: Yoshida Makoto , Kobashi Yurie , Shimazu Yuzo , Saito Hiroaki , Yamamoto Chika , Kawamura Takeshi , Wakui Masatoshi , Takahashi Kenzo , Ito Naomi , Nishikawa Yoshitaka , Zhao Tianchen , Tsubokura Masaharu
Published: October 2022

We aimed to investigate the type and frequency of adverse events over 7 days following the first and second BNT162b2 vaccination. This observational and historical cohort study included patients aged 5–11 years who received two doses of BNT162b2 and provided consent along with their guardians. We collected data on sex, age, height, weight, blood type, history of Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination, allergic disease, medication, history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and adverse reactions 7 days following the first and second BNT162b2 vaccination using a questionnaire. Our results were compared with previously reported results for individuals aged 12–15 years. A total of 421 participants were eligible for this study. Among the 216 patients with allergic disease, 48 (22.2%) had experienced worsening of their chronic diseases, and the frequency of fatigue and dizziness after the second dose was higher than that of healthy individuals. The experience of systemic adverse reactions was associated with asthma. The frequency of headache, diarrhea, fatigue, muscle/joint pain, and fever after the second BNT162b2 vaccination was lower in individuals aged 5–11 years than in those aged 12–15 years. Fever was the only systemic adverse reaction that lasted longer than 5 days (1.0% of participants).

Conclusions: Individuals with allergic diseases, who are potentially susceptible to COVID-19, may experience worsening of their chronic diseases and more frequent adverse reactions after BNT162b2 vaccination than healthy individuals. To ensure that children with allergic diseases receive the vaccine safely, further information needs to be collected.

What is Known:• Adverse reactions after
BNT162b2 vaccination among individuals aged 5–11 years are generally
nonserious, more common after second vaccination, and substantially less common
compared to those observed among individuals aged 12–15 years.

What is New:• Individuals with allergic diseases
experienced worsening of their chronic diseases and more frequent adverse
reactions after BNT162b2 vaccination than healthy individuals.• Systemic adverse reactions were associated
with asthma. Fever was the only systemic adverse
reaction that lasted longer than 5 days.
Genotype and phenotype analysis and transplantation strategy in children with kidney failure caused by NPHP
Authors: Li Jianyi , Su Xiaojun , Zhang Huanxi , Wu Wenrui , Li Jianming , Chen Yanxu , Li Jun , Fu Qian , Wu Chenglin , Zhong Xuhui , Wang Changxi , Liu Longshan
Published: October 2022

Background

Nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RC) have strong genotype and phenotype heterogeneity, and the transplantation strategy of Boichis syndrome is still controversial. Our purpose was to examine associations of genotype and phenotype in children with NPHP-RC and analyze the transplantation strategies of different phenotypes.

Methods

The records of children with NPHP treated at our center from 01/2018 to 03/2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of NPHP, received kidney transplantation, and received whole exome sequencing (WES) or nephropathy gene panel testing.

Results

Twenty-nine children with NPHP were included. Nine children (31%) had NPHP1 mutations, and all presented with isolated nephropathy. Eighteen of 20 patients with non-NPHP1 mutations had compound heterozygous mutations, and 70% had extrarenal phenotype. Age at disease presentation (11.2 ± 1.94 years) and the development of kidney failure (12.4 ± 2.70 years) were later in children with NPHP1 mutations than those with non-NPHP1 mutations (5.2 ± 2.83 years and 5.7 ± 2.92 years, respectively). Four of six children with NPHP3 mutations were diagnosed with Boichis syndrome due to liver fibrosis. Isolated kidney transplantation resulted in good outcomes for patients with mild or moderate liver fibrosis without portal hypertension, while cholestasis was common postoperatively and could be resolved with ursodeoxycholic acid.

Conclusions

NPHP1 mutations are the most common in children with NPHP, and the phenotype of NPHP1 mutation is significantly different from that of non-NPHP1 mutation. For NPHP patients with mild to moderate liver fibrosis without portal hypertension, timely treatment of cholestasis could prevent the rapid progression of liver function damage after isolated kidney transplantation.

Graphical abstract
Space weather phenomena on heart rate: a study in the Greek region
Authors: Papailiou Maria , Ioannidou Sofia , Tezari Anastasia , Lingri Dimitra , Konstantaki Maria , Mavromichalaki Helen , Dimitrova Svetla
Published: October 2022

Many scientific investigations have focused on how space weather phenomena, taking place in the vicinity of the Earth, may influence different aspects of life on Earth and presumably human health itself. From 2005, the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens has established an important position in the field of these investigations by collaborating with various scientists and Institutes, both international and domestic, in different heliobiological projects. In this work, the Cosmic Ray Group of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens has co-operated with the medical staff from different hospitals and clinics around the country so as to develop large records of medical data (heart rate) which covers a long time period. These data are analyzed in regard to physical activity, either on a daily basis or on different levels of geomagnetic disturbances and variations of the cosmic ray intensity using the ANalysis Of Variance (ANOVA) and the multiple linear regression analysis. Results suggest that space weather phenomena may be related to heart rate variability, i.e., heart rate is statistically significantly effected either by variations of cosmic rays intensity or geomagnetic activity.
Investigating a citrus fruit supply chain network considering CO2 emissions using meta-heuristic algorithms
Authors: Goodarzian Fariba , Kumar Vikas , Ghasemi Peiman
Published: October 2022

According to the increasing carbon dioxide released through vehicles and the shortage of water resources, decision-makers decided to combine the environmental and economic effects in the Agri-Food Supply Chain Network (AFSCN) in developing countries. This paper focuses on the citrus fruit supply chain network. The novelty of this study is the proposal of a mathematical model for a three-echelon AFSCN considering simultaneously CO2 emissions, coefficient water, and time window. Additionally, a bi-objective mixed-integer non-linear programming is formulated for production–distribution-inventory-allocation problem. The model seeks to minimise the total cost and CO+ emission simultaneously. To solve the multi-objective model in this paper, the Augmented Epsilon-constraint method is utilised for small- and medium-sized problems. The Augmented Epsilon-constraint method is not able to solve large-scale problems due to its high computational time. This method is a well-known approach to dealing with multi-objective problems. It allows for producing a set of Pareto solutions for multi-objective problems. Multi-Objective Ant Colony Optimisation, fast Pareto genetic algorithm, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II, and multi-objective simulated annealing are used to solve the model. Then, a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm called Hybrid multi-objective Ant Colony Optimisation with multi-objective Simulated Annealing (HACO-SA) is developed to solve the model. In the HACO-SA algorithm, an initial temperature and temperature reduction rate is utilised to ensure a faster convergence rate and to optimise the ability of exploitation and exploration as input data of the SA algorithm. The computational results show the superiority of the Augmented Epsilon-constraint method in small-sized problems, while HACO-SA indicates that is better than the suggested original algorithms in the medium- and large-sized problems.
Twin-roll forming, a novel method for producing high-consistency microfibrillated cellulosic films
Authors: Sharifi Zamani Elaheh , Ahadian Hamidreza , Maloney Thaddeus
Published: October 2022

Micro-nano fibrillated cellulose (MNFC) films have the potential for applications in, e.g., packaging and printed electronics. However, the production paradigm for these types of products has still not been established. This study uses twin-rollers to form films from high consistency (15% w/w) micro fibrillated cellulose furnishes. MFC furnishes were produced at 20% wt dry matter content with enzymatic hydrolysis and PFI refining. We used the twin-roller method to spread the material over a supporting substrate by repeatedly passing between two parallel rollers with decreasing nip. Rheological behavior and physical properties of furnishes were analyzed. We found that only some furnishes with relatively short fiber lengths were formable. Refining improved the formation of the sheets. Roll-formed sheets showed comparable strength and formation to conventional wet-laid hand sheets.
The impact of varying doses of moringa leaf methanolic extract supplementation in the cryopreservation media on sperm quality, oxidants, and antioxidant capacity of frozen-thawed ram sperm
Authors: El-Seadawy Islam E. , Kotp Mohamed S. , El-Maaty Amal M. Abo , Fadl Aya M. , El-Sherbiny Hossam R. , Abdelnaby Elshymaa A.
Published: October 2022

To increase rams’ post-thaw semen quality following cryopreservation, this study used enriched Tris-based diluent with varying amounts of moringa leaf methanolic extract (MLME). The antioxidant activity, total phenolic, and total flavonoid content were all assessed in MLME. The sperm of five healthy Awassi rams were collected, divided into 4 equal aliquots, and diluted [1:5; (v/v)] in Tris-citrate-glucose extender supplemented with 0.48, 0.56, and 0.64 mg MLME/ml or without MLME supplementation (control). The percentages of sperm total motility (STM, %), sperm progressive motility (SPM, %) and viability (V, %), abnormal morphology (AM, %), membrane functional integrity (MFI, %), and acrosome integrity (AI %) were measured. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), ascorbic acid (AA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) were measured. The total phenolic gallic acid and flavonoid catechin (equivalent) contents were 19.78 mg/g and 11.94 mg/g, respectively. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (34.37 mM TE/g) and 2,2′-azino-bis/3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (53.47 mM TE/g) were found in MLME. MLME had a 64.59 mM TE/g ferric-reducing power. In comparison to control, the addition of 0.64 mg/ml MLME to Tris-based extender resulted in the highest (P < 0.001) STM (55.22 ± 0.98), SPM (45.41 ± .70), SV (60.01 ± 1.05), MFI (75.23 ± 0.77), and AI (73.13 ± 0.72) and the lowest (P < 0.001) AM (21.34 ± 0.72) values. In comparison to the control, the addition of 0.56 mg/ml semen extender resulted in lower STM, SPM, SV, MFI, and AI with higher AM percentages. MDA (P = 0.03), NO (P = 0.012), CHO (P = 0.0001), and LDL (P = 0.004) were reduced by 0.64 mg/ml MLME, while AA (P = 0.017) and SOD (P = 0.0001) were elevated. In conclusion, the highest copper (P = 0.006) and lowest zinc concentrations in MLME (0.48 mg/ml extender) deteriorated the post-thaw semen quality, prompting us to suggest the addition of 0.64 mg MLME to rams’ Tris-based semen extender.
Humor as a Multifaceted Resource in Healthcare: An Initial Qualitative Analysis of Perceived Functions and Conditions of Medical Assistants’ Use of Humor in their Everyday Work and Education
Authors: Raecke Julia , Proyer René T.
Published: October 2022

It has been argued that humor serves as a crucial resource for healthcare professionals (HCPs). For example, they can use it to cope with work stress, to build relationships with patients, and/or to educate medical students and residents—to name but a few functions. However, empirical studies on the importance of humor among HCPs are still scarce. Existing studies primarily focus on nurses and physicians and rarely distinguish between different humor styles (e.g., light and dark). Based on qualitative interviews with 14 German Medical Assistants (MAs), we investigate the potential of humor as a resource for MAs’ work and education. We focus on the perceived functions and conditions of MAs’ successful use of humor as well as the role of humor styles (i.e., comic styles). Results indicate various functions of humor in MAs’ everyday work (e.g., soothing patients, coping with mistakes, fostering team cohesion, or promoting apprentices’ education) as well as different conditions for a successful use of humor (e.g., positive social basis, current well-being, and social sensitivity). Further, the results suggest that the use of a certain humor style depends on the interlocutor as well as the intended goal of the humor. The results not only stress the multifaceted potential as well as the relevance of conditions of successful humor for MAs’ everyday work and education, but also provide valuable real-life insights into MAs’ everyday humor, thus offering several implications for practice to promote humor as a positive resource in MAs.
Advanced Fiber Materials for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Zhu Chuang , Wu Jiawei , Yan Jianhua , Liu Xuqing
Published: October 2022

Fiber materials are highly desirable for wearable electronics that are expected to be flexible and stretchable. Compared with rigid and planar electronic devices, fiber-based wearable electronics provide significant advantages in terms of flexibility, stretchability and breathability, and they are considered as the pioneers in the new generation of soft wearables. The convergence of textile science, electronic engineering and nanotechnology has made it feasible to build electronic functions on fibers and maintain them during wear. Over the last few years, fiber-shaped wearable electronics with desired designability and integration features have been intensively explored and developed. As an indispensable part and cornerstone of flexible wearable devices, fibers are of great significance. Herein, the research progress of advanced fiber materials is reviewed, which mainly includes various material preparations, fabrication technologies and representative studies on different wearable applications. Finally, key challenges and future directions of fiber materials and wearable electronics are examined along with an analysis of possible solutions.

Graphical abstract
Low velocity perforation of thick magnesium alloy AM60 plates impacted by rigid conical-nose impactor
Authors: Nowak Zdzisław , Kowalewski Zbigniew L. , Szymczak Tadeusz
Published: October 2022

The impact resistance behaviour of the plate made of the AM60 magnesium alloy at the low velocity impact perforation mode is here investigated at room temperature using a numerical approach based on experimental results. Dynamic tests were performed using an impact digital tower on the 10.0 mm thick AM60 magnesium alloy plates using cylindrical impactors with conical-nose shapes of a nominal diameter of 12.0 mm, and a nominal mass of 5.77 kg. The plates were impacted with velocities ranging from 7 to 16 m/s. During the experiments, the failure of the target plates was evaluated. Finite element (FE) model was validated using experimental results. FE simulations of the conducted experiments were performed with ABAQUS software. In simulations the strain rate dependent Johnson–Cook yield criterion with a strain hardening law was accompanied with either the ductile fracture criterion or stress triaxiality-dependent JC fracture criterion to describe the target material properties. The stress and strain distributions for different impactor velocity considered were calculated using initial impact velocity data obtained from the experiments. A range of parameters, like element size, the fracture initiation strain, friction coefficient, etc. which play an important role in the simulation, were studied. The results of numerical simulation were compared with those from the experiment obtained. A good agreement between them was achieved. The failure process of AM60 target-plate revealed that in the case of the conical-nose impactor, the ductile hole enlargement occurs during the initial stage of the impact, and subsequently, a through-thickness fracture develops causing its shear plugging failure.
Effectiveness and Safety of Ibrutinib for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Routine Clinical Practice: 3-Year Follow-up of the Belgian Ibrutinib Real-World Data (BiRD) Study
Authors: Janssens Ann , Berneman Zwi N. , Offner Fritz , Snauwaert Sylvia , Mineur Philippe , Vanstraelen Gaetan , Meers Stef , Spoormans Isabelle , Bron Dominique , Vande Broek Isabelle , Van Bogaert Charlotte , De Beleyr Birgit , Smet Ann , Nielsen Lasse , Wapenaar Robert , André Marc
Published: October 2022

The multicenter observational BiRD study investigated the real-world effectiveness and safety of ibrutinib in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM) in Belgium. This interim analysis reports results for patients with CLL, with a median follow-up of 34 months. Overall, patients had predominantly relapsed/refractory disease (73%) and were elderly (median age 72 years) with high-risk features such as del17p and/or TP53 mutations (59%). Patients were included either prospectively or retrospectively, and the total patient population effectiveness results were adjusted with left truncation. In the effectiveness population (N = 221: prospective, n = 71; retrospective, n = 150), the overall response rate was 90.0%. Median progression-free survival was 38.3 months (prospective, not estimable; retrospective, 51.5 months) and median overall survival was not yet estimable in the total, prospective and retrospective groups. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) for the prospective and retrospective groups are reported separately. Any-grade TEAEs of interest in the prospective/retrospective groups included infections (67.1%/60.1%), diarrhea (20.5%/10.5%), hypertension (16.4%/9.8%) and atrial fibrillation (12.3%/7.2%). Major bleeding was reported in 5.5%/3.3% of prospective/retrospective patients, with little difference observed between those receiving versus not receiving antithrombotic treatment. Discontinuations due to toxicity were reported in 10.5% of patients. Results from this interim analysis show treatment with ibrutinib to be effective and tolerable, with no new safety signals observed. Future analyses will report on longer-term follow-up.
Procopius of Caesarea: The Persian Wars
Authors: Cameron Averil
Published: October 2022

Procopius was the major historian of the reign of Justinian and one of the most important historians of Late Antiquity. This is the first stand-alone English translation of his work Persian Wars. It offers a new translation, which has at its basis one published fifty years ago by Averil Cameron. The Persian Wars, despite the title, is a wide-ranging work that reports the history and geography not only of Mesopotamia and the Caucasus, but also of southern Arabia and Ethiopia, Iran and Central Asia, and Constantinople itself. This book is equipped with notes, maps and plans, an introduction, and a translation of a further Greek text, that of Nonnosus, which overlaps with Procopius'. It will be of benefit to specialists and the general reader alike.
Equilibrium states for non-transitive random open and closed dynamical systems
Authors: ATNIP JASON , FROYLAND GARY , GONZÁLEZ-TOKMAN CECILIA , VAIENTI SANDRO
Published: October 2022

We prove a random Ruelle–Perron–Frobenius theorem and the existence of relative equilibrium states for a class of random open and closed interval maps, without imposing transitivity requirements, such as mixing and covering conditions, which are prevalent in the literature. This theorem provides the existence and uniqueness of random conformal and invariant measures with exponential decay of correlations, and allows us to expand the class of examples of (random) dynamical systems amenable to multiplicative ergodic theory and the thermodynamic formalism. Applications include open and closed non-transitive random maps, and a connection between Lyapunov exponents and escape rates through random holes. We are also able to treat random intermittent maps with geometric potentials.
Gender, Power, and Female Revolutionaries
Authors: Snyder Emily C.
Published: October 2022

This essay reviews the following works:

Women and the Cuban Insurrection: How Gender Shaped Castro’s Victory. By Lorraine Bayard de Volo. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Pp. xi + 304. $25.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781316630846.

Buenas al pleito: Mujeres en la rebelión de Sandino. By Alejandro Bendaña. Managua: Anamá Ediciones, 2019. Pp. 302. $25.00 paperback. ISBN: 9789992475652.

Beatriz Allende: A Revolutionary Life in Cold War Latin America. By Tanya Harmer. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2020. Pp. x + 384. $34.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9781469654294.

Laboring for the State: Women, Family, and Work in Revolutionary Cuba, 1959–1971. By Rachel Hynson. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. xvii + 332. $34.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9781107188679.

Students of Revolution: Youth, Protest, and Coalition Building in Somoza-Era Nicaragua. By Claudia Rueda. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2019. Pp. xii + 304. $45.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781477319307.

Sandinistas: A Moral History. By Robert J. Sierakowski. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2019. Pp. 356. $35.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780268106898.

Celia Sánchez Manduley: The Life and Legacy of a Cuban Revolutionary. By Tiffany A. Sippial. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2020. Pp. xxi + 288. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781469654607.

Revolution and Reaction: The Diffusion of Authoritarianism in Latin America. By Kurt Weyland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Pp. x + 310. $34.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781108728836.
Focus on the Visual (The 2022 Presidential Address)
Authors: Pritchard Chris
Published: October 2022

There are visual components of mathematics that are vital to the learning of the subject and should be a focus for its teaching. One aspect is the impressive capacity of the brain to visualise, an important element in the discovery process of some prominent mathematicians and scientists. The pedagogical importance of diagrams in mathematics is considered, with examples showing their role in problem-solving, elucidation, persuasion and decision making, concluding with some particularly stimulating and revealing diagrams for use in the classroom.
New characterisations of bicentric quadrilaterals
Authors: Josefsson Martin
Published: October 2022

A bicentric quadrilateral is a convex quadrilateral that can have both an incircle (it is tangential) and a circumcircle (it is cyclic), see Figure 1. We know of only a dozen characterisations of bicentric quadrilaterals published before. In all of them the starting point is either a tangential or a cyclic quadrilateral, which then must satisfy some condition in order also to be of the other type. Before we proceed to prove seven new such necessary and sufficient conditions for bicentric quadrilaterals, we review one characterisation and one property of tangential quadrilaterals that we will apply later.
On the tail integral formulae for real-valued random variables
Authors: Nadarajah Saralees , Okorie Idika E.
Published: October 2022

The most important properties of any distribution are its moments. The first four moments, for example, can be used describe any data set fairly well. Moments can also be used for estimation.
Toward a classification of the supercharacter theories of Cp × Cp
Authors: Burkett Shawn T. , Lewis Mark L.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we study the supercharacter theories of elementary abelian $p$-groups of order $p^{2}$. We show that the supercharacter theories that arise from the direct product construction and the $\ast$-product construction can be obtained from automorphisms. We also prove that any supercharacter theory of an elementary abelian $p$-group of order $p^{2}$ that has a non-identity superclass of size $1$ or a non-principal linear supercharacter must come from either a $\ast$-product or a direct product. Although we are unable to prove results for general primes, we do compute all of the supercharacter theories when $p = 2,\, 3,\, 5$, and based on these computations along with particular computations for larger primes, we make several conjectures for a general prime $p$.
Canto Porque es Necesario Cantar: The New Song Movement in Chile, 1973–1983
Authors: Morris Nancy
Published: October 2022

“Para el camino” Canto a la angustia y a las alegrias. Canto porque es necesario can tar para ir dejando una huella en los dias, para ir diciendo cosas prohibidas.

“For the Road” I sing of anguish and joy. I sing because it's necessary to sing to leave my mark on time, to say forbidden things.

Latin American New Song is distinct from the usual stereotypes of Latin American popular music. Songs such as “Para el camino” do not fit into the common categories of salsa, ballads, Spanish-language versions of U.S. hit songs or popularized traditional styles such as the ranchera and cumbia. Although New Song is not as well known as the more typical styles, its greater social significance has achieved an impact in Latin America far beyond the musical realm.
The Migrant Village Association in Latin America: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Hirabayashi Lane Ryo
Published: October 2022

A review of the literature on migrant regional and village associations in Latin American cities reveals an emphasis on the forms and functions of such groups (Doughty 1970; Orellana 1973; Jongkind 1974; Skeldon 1976, 1977; Altamirano 1984a). Far less has been written about why such associations are formed (Kerri 1976, 34). The paucity of explanations appears to be the result of two analytic extremes.
Chilean Universities Under the Junta: Regime and Policy
Authors: Levy Daniel C.
Published: October 2022

While universities in several South American nations are experiencing the effects of redemocratization, Chilean universities have entered their second decade under military rule. Exploring Chilean higher education in the first decade reveals much about the fate of a major political, economic, and social institution and also sheds light on theoretical concerns that have attracted substantial scholarly attention.
Archivo Historico de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Baer James
Published: October 2022

Sources enabling scholars to recreate the complexity and texture of daily life in historical Buenos Aires are extremely valuable. In the past, descriptions by visitors to the city, occasional articles in contemporary newspapers, and some government reports have provided glimpses of life in nineteenth-century Buenos Aires. Now the documents recently made available by the Archivo Histórico de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires are adding tremendously to knowledge of the period and therefore deserve special attention. A depository for documents dealing with city government, the Archivo has gathered thousands of items dealing with the day-to-day administration of Buenos Aires between 1856 and 1909. These documents are an important, yet unexploited, source of information on every facet of daily life affected by the government. Anyone interested in the history of Buenos Aires during the half-century preceding World War I will be richly rewarded by a visit to this archive.
IESCARIBE: A Program for Economic Research on the Caribbean Basin
Authors: Salazar-Carrillo Jorge , Tirado de Alonso Irma G.
Published: October 2022

IESCARIBE (Institutes of Economic and Social Research of the Caribbean Basin) is an independent, nonprofit, nonpolitical, and scientific organization. It is engaged in planning and initiating studies useful to the economic development of the Caribbean Basin. The organization stresses applied research with a policy focus.
Yucatan on Microfilm: Existing Collections and Finding Aids
Authors: Block David
Published: October 2022

Over the past two decades, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, the University of Alabama, the University of Texas at Arlington, and the Universidad de Yucatán have produced microfilm copies of primary source materials in the Yucatán. While their films only begin to tap the rich documentary resources of the peninsula, the combined holdings put a large corpus of materials for reconstructing the Yucatecan past within the reach of scholars in the United States. This brief essay will describe the four microfilm collections as they existed in the fall of 1984 as well as the finding aids that have been developed to assist researchers in accessing them.
Argentina's Unmastered Past
Authors: Donghi Tulio Halperin
Published: October 2022

As the recent decade of violence and tyranny slowly recedes into the past, few signs have yet emerged that Argentines are making headway in coming to terms with this troubled heritage. Although the memory of these years is less omnipresent, it still evokes a repulsion as intense—and as fascinated—as when these matters were first allowed to come out into the open. Some reasons for the exceptional depth and scope of the Argentine crisis have become clearer in retrospect, but this clarity does not make the remembering any less painful. The extreme savagery of the country's turn toward violence makes even the most insightful historical exploration of its causes pale in comparison with the memory of having experienced the consequences.
Historical Sources in Costa Rica
Authors: Junkins Richard J.
Published: October 2022

Costa Rica has received greater attention from scholars in recent years than in the past. The nation's relative tranquility and stability compared with its neighbors continue to attract the attention of historians and social scientists seeking explanations for Costa Rican exceptionalism. The following summary of the main domestic sources of materials for studying the history of Costa Rica is presented in the hope of encouraging further research.
The Nova Republica and the Crisis in Brazilian Cinema
Authors: Johnson Randal
Published: October 2022

The beginning of the so-called Nova República was inauspicious for both Brazil and Brazilian cinema. The events surrounding the illness and death of President-elect Tancredo Neves and the subsequent inauguration of former government-party leader José Sarney are well-known. Perhaps less known is the fact that one of the first pieces of legislation Sarney signed into law while Acting President during Neves's illness sent shock waves through the national film industry, which was already suffering one of the worst economic crises of its recent history.
Labor and the State in a Party-Mediated Democracy: Institutional Change in Venezuela
Authors: McCoy Jennifer L.
Published: October 2022

Political parties in Venezuela have historically played a mediating role between the state and the working class and also between labor and the private sector. Indeed, the political party system has been widely credited in the literature with sustaining the rather remarkable electoral democracy in Venezuela since 1958. Yet structural change in the world oil market and the Venezuelan economy in the early 1970s combined with the dynamics of past state-labor-party relations have produced an expanded role for the state in the economy as well as in the system of industrial relations. New patterns of interest mediation have emerged that have facilitated the adjustment of the democratic regime to changing political and economic conditions, thus helping to ensure its survival.