bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of novel and efficient protease producing bacteria from drinking water resources
Authors: Chandra S. Jeevan , Shanker A. Shiva , Pindi Pavan Kumar
Published: October 2019

An attempt has been made to explore the stability of protease enzyme (isolated from Bacillus sp.) by statistical method. More than 100 isolates were screened for extracellular protease activity derived from various potable water samples of Mahabubnagar district, Telangana State, India. The activity of protease is found to be varying from sample to sample, the highest being reported by the isolate from water sample of Kalwakurthy mandal, Mahabubnagar district and therefore was selected for further studies. The 16S rRNA (ribosomal ribonucleic acid) gene sequence of the isolate showed closest similarity with Bacillus sp. and the sequence was submitted to National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) gene bank (accession number GU566359) and the culture was deposited in three international culture deposition centers (KCTC-13725: MTCC-10465: JCM-16713). The present study revealed that, this Bacillus sp. showed a greater amount of protease production with the inherent characters of thermo, alkali and oxidant stability which makes it a potential alternative protease producing strain in various industrial applications.
Design and Implementation of an Efficient Parallel LFSR Architecture for Wireless Communication Systems
Authors: Babu A. Suresh , Anand B.
Published: October 2019

:

A Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) considers a linear function typically an XOR operation of the previous state as an input to the current state. This paper describes in detail the recent Wireless Communication Systems (WCS) and techniques related to LFSR. Cryptographic methods and reconfigurable computing are two different applications used in the proposed shift register with improved speed and decreased power consumption. Comparing with the existing individual applications, the proposed shift register obtained >15 to <=45% of decreased power consumption with 30% of reduced coverage area. Hence this proposed low power high speed LFSR design suits for various low power high speed applications, for example wireless communication. The entire design architecture is simulated and verified in VHDL language. To synthesis a standard cell library of 0.7um CMOS is used. A custom design tool has been developed for measuring the power. From the results, it is obtained that the cryptographic efficiency is improved regarding time and complexity comparing with the existing algorithms. Hence, the proposed LFSR architecture can be used for any wireless applications due to parallel processing, multiple access and cryptographic methods.
Recent Advances in Characterizing Natural Products that Regulate Autophagy
Authors: Zhao Qian , Peng Cheng , Zheng Chuan , He Xiang-Hong , Huang Wei , Han Bo
Published: October 2019

Autophagy, an intricate response to nutrient deprivation, pathogen infection, Endoplasmic Reticulum
(ER)-stress and drugs, is crucial for the homeostatic maintenance in living cells. This highly regulated, multistep
process has been involved in several diseases including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases,
especially in cancer. It can function as either a promoter or a suppressor in cancer, which underlines the potential
utility as a therapeutic target. In recent years, increasing evidence has suggested that many natural products
could modulate autophagy through diverse signaling pathways, either inducing or inhibiting. In this review, we
briefly introduce autophagy and systematically describe several classes of natural products that implicated autophagy
modulation. These compounds are of great interest for their potential activity against many types of cancer,
such as ovarian, breast, cervical, pancreatic, and so on, hoping to provide valuable information for the development
of cancer treatments based on autophagy.
Morphological, Biochemical, and Molecular Analysis of Origanum vulgare L.
Authors: Lotti Concetta , Ricciardi Luigi , Rainaldi Guglielmo , Ruta Claudia , Tarraf Waed , De Mastro Giuseppe
Published: October 2019

Background:

The variation on morphological, biochemical, and genetic characters is very important in germplasm management and conservation strategies.

Objective:

To determine the diversity of 23 accessions from Origanum vulgare L. and a commercial cultivar on the basis of agronomical, biochemical and genetic features.

Methods:

Different characters related to vegetative growth and essential oil production were studied while the genetic relationships between the individuals were evaluated with the use of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism.

Results:

Despite the accessions exhibited cymyl- and acyclic-compounds, all the essential oil chemotypes according to the prevalence of essential oil fractions were phenotypically varied. A considerable amount of biomass with maximum values in plant height was achieved by thymol/γ-terpinene chemotype and carvacrol chemotype making them of particular interest for the production of high-quality plant material and further for the mechanical harvest. The AFLP analysis, performed using 10 primer combinations, to obtain a dendrogram of genetic similarity, revealed a genetic variability that could be useful for the selection of the proper genetic groups in future breeding programs.

Conclusion:

We identified two chemotypes thymol/γ-terpinene and carvacrol with their suitability for the production of biomass and essential oil and for the mechanical harvest. The results of the molecular characterization of the species may support and contribute to breeding programmes for agronomic and biochemical traits.
The Role of PET/CT in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: State of Art
Authors: Castello Angelo , Lopci Egesta
Published: October 2019

Background:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have achieved astonishing results and
improved overall survival (OS) in several types of malignancies, including advanced melanoma. However,
due to a peculiar type of anti-cancer activity provided by these drugs, the response patterns during
ICI treatment are completely different from that with “old” chemotherapeutic agents.

Objective:

To provide an overview of the available literature and potentials of 18F-FDG PET/CT in
advanced melanoma during the course of therapy with ICI in the context of treatment response
evaluation.

Methods:

Morphologic criteria, expressed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST),
immune-related response criteria (irRC), irRECIST, and, more recently, immune-RECIST (iRECIST),
along with response criteria based on the metabolic parameters with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18FFDG),
have been explored.

Results:

To overcome the limits of traditional response criteria, new metabolic response criteria have
been introduced on time and are being continuously updated, such as the PET/CT Criteria for the early
prediction of Response to Immune checkpoint inhibitor Therapy (PECRIT), the PET Response Evaluation
Criteria for Immunotherapy (PERCIMT), and “immunotherapy-modified” PET Response Criteria
in Solid Tumors (imPERCIST). The introduction of new PET radiotracers, based on monoclonal antibodies
combined with radioactive elements (“immune-PET”), are of great interest.

Conclusion:

Although the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in malignant melanoma has been widely validated
for detecting distant metastases and recurrences, evidences in course of ICI are still scarce and larger
multicenter clinical trials are needed.
Sentinel Node Identification in Melanoma: Current Clinical Impact, New Emerging SPECT Radiotracers and Technological Advancements. An Update of the Last Decade
Authors: Quartuccio Natale , Siracusa Massimiliano , Pappalardo Marco , Arnone Annachiara , Arnone Gaspare
Published: October 2019

Background:

Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer with a mortality rate of 262 cases per
100.000 cases. The sentinel lymph node (SLN) is the first lymph node draining the tumor. SLN biopsy
is a widely accepted procedure in the clinical setting since it provides important prognostic information,
which helps patient management, and avoids the side effects of complete lymph node dissection.
The rationale of identifying and removing the SLN relies on the low probability of subsequent metastatic
nodes in case of a negative histological exam performed in the SLN.

Discussion:

Recently, new analytical approaches, based on the evaluation of scintigraphic images are
also exploring the possibility to predict the metastatic involvement of the SLN. 99mTc-labeled colloids
are still the most commonly used radiotracers but new promising radiotracers, such as 99mTc-
Tilmanocept, are now on the market. In the last decades, single photon emission computed tomography-
computerized tomography (SPECT/CT) has gained wider diffusion in clinical departments and
there is large evidence about its superior diagnostic accuracy over planar lymphoscintigraphy (PL) in
the detection of SLN in patients with melanoma. Scientists are also investigating new hybrid techniques
combining functional and anatomical images for the depiction of SLN but further evidence
about their value is needed.

Conclusion:

This review examined the predictive and prognostic factors of lymphoscintigraphy for
metastatic involvement of SLN, the currently available and emerging radiotracers and the evidence of
the additional value of SPECT/CT over PL for the identification of SLN in patients with melanoma.
Finally, the review discussed the most recent technical advances in the field.
Neurosteroids and Affective Disorders in Women
Authors: Guiza-Zayas Rodrigo , Flores-Ramos Mónica , Bernal-Santamaría Norma , Del-Pino Mijares María Fernanda , Serna-García Marián
Published: October 2019

Background:

Neurosteroids (NS) are steroid derived molecules synthesized in
the central nervous system (CNS) involved in modulating brain transmission by its activity
on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors; this interaction has been identified as an
important factor in the pathophysiology of affective disorders.

Objective:

The aim of the present paper is to describe the relation of neurosteroids with affective
disorders in women and novel treatments in this regard in an understandable and
synthesized review of the subject.

Methods:

A thoroughly made research has been performed in order to find the latest information
in this regard using scientific databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using
the keywords Neurosteroids, affective disorders, depression, postpartum depression
and dysphoric premenstrual disorder.

Results:

It has been seen that NS levels during physiological fluctuation such as during
menstrual cycle or postpartum may modify the response to GABA by GABA-A receptors
in susceptible women. Recent pharmacological assays have been developed in order to
treat affective disorders in women focusing on NS fluctuations.

Conclusion:

Within this paper, we review recent findings in NS modulating mechanisms,
its pathophysiological implications in affective disorders and recent clinical assays in this
regard.
Synergistic Combinations of Antibiotics with Cumin, Oregano and Rosewood Oils as a Strategy to Preserve the Antibiotic Repertoire
Authors: Owen Lucy , Laird Katie
Published: October 2019

Background:

Formulations employing synergistic combinations of antibiotics
with Essential Oils (EOs) could help preserve the antibiotic repertoire by improving their activity
against resistant bacteria.

Objective:

Antimicrobial interactions between double and triple combinations of EOs, EO
components and antibiotics were determined using the checkerboard method. The most active
triple combinations were then assessed by a time-kill assay.

Methods:

Two synergistic EO-antibiotic combinations and eight additive EO-antibiotic combinations
reduced the antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentration below clinical sensitivity
breakpoints according to the checkerboard method. However, all the tested combinations
were additive according to the time-kill assay; while the combinations completely killed
S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa cells in 2 h. At least one EO compound from the combination
alone completely killed the cells of test species.

Results:

Two synergistic EO-antibiotic combinations and eight additive EO-antibiotic combinations
reduced the antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentration below clinical sensitivity
breakpoints according to the checkerboard method. However, all the tested combinations
were additive according to the time-kill assay; while the combinations completely killed
S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa cells in 2 h. At least one EO compound from the combination
alone completely killed the cells of test species.

Conclusion:

Positive interactions support the use of EOs or EO components to enhance antibiotic
efficacy against antibiotic resistant bacteria. The EO-antibiotic combinations tested
by the time kill assay were indifferent; therefore, the observed antimicrobial activity did not
arise from synergistic mechanisms as indicated by the checkerboard method. Investigation of
other synergistic combinations identified by the checkerboard method could reveal more
promising candidates.
Assessment the Accuracy of Densitometry Measurements Using DMA PP2 Phantom
Authors: Petraikin A. V. , Smoliarchuk M. Ya. , Petryaykin F. A. , Nisovtsova L. A. , Artyukova Z. R. , Sergunova K. A. , Akhmad E. S. , Semenov D. S. , Vladzymyrsky A. V. , Morozov S. P.
Published: October 2019

Purpose of the study — to assess the accuracy of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA ) for measurements of mineral bone density, bone mineral content, area of selected spine zone of examination as well as impact of subcutaneous fat layer and correction of auto-segmenting of the spine on the mentioned parameters. Material and Methods. The study was performed on iDXA scanner using the designed phantom DMA PP2 of the lumber spine with inlays to simulate subcutaneous fat (SF). To ensure correct assessment of measurements (precision and accuracy) the authors performed fivefold repeated scanning. Two modifications of the phantom were used, with and without SF inlays, as well as two methods for selection of spine range for examination – automatic and correction of autosegmentation. Results. Scanning of the phantom without SF inlays demonstrated a systematic understated values of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) along the full measured interval: mean relative error of BMD for L1-L4 interval was 10.62% with automatic segmentation and 7.43% — with  correction of autosegmentation. The least accuracy for BMD and BMC (1.53% and 0.90%, respectively) was observed during SF simulation and with correction of auto-segmentation of the spine. Analysis of variation coefficient for area of examined vertebrae, BMC and BMD demonstrated rather high precision of measurements, namely for BMD without SF in the L1-L4 interval amounted to 1.00% (auto-segmentation) and 0.56% (correction). Variation coefficient for scanning including SF inlays in the interval L1-L4 was 1.00% (auto-segmentation) and 0.68% (correction). Conclusion. The lowest level of accuracy was observed with the SFL object; in this case, the variation coefficient did not exceed 1% for all BMD interval. The mean value of the BMC accuracy also did not exceed 1% with the optimal scan parameters. The study proved the effectiveness of “RSK PK2” phantom when estimating the accuracy of BMD and BMC on iDXA scanner.
Pseudoaneurysms of the Lower Extremity Vessels as a Complication of Hereditary Exostose Chondrodysplasia in Adolescents (Two Case Reports)
Authors: Zatravkina T. Yu. , Burov Yu. A. , Shanitsyn I. N. , Maksyushina T. D. , Titova Yu. I. , Sumin D. Yu. , Ionova T. A. , Mironov I. A.
Published: October 2019

The article describes two clinical cases of vascular complications related to hereditary exostose chondrodysplasia of the lower limbs in children. Despite early diagnostics the newgrowth was not timely removed. The anatomical localization of the exostoses in the vicinity of the main arterial trunks resulted in formation of pseudo-aneurysms due to a prolonged exposure of the vascular wall to the actively growing bone formations. After diagnostic imaging (ultrasonography and Doppler sonography, CT angiography, MR angiography of the vessels in the lower extremities) the authors performed a simultaneous resection of the femoral artery aneurysm with autovenous grafting and total resection of exostoses in both cases. Late follow up of both patients demonstrated vascular permeability at the graft site and no symptoms of stenosis were observed.
Comment to the Article “PRP-Therapy for Tendinopathies of Rotator Cuff and Long Head of Biceps”
Authors: Dokolin S. Yu. , Kuz’mina V. I.
Published: October 2019

.
Comment on the Article “The Effect of Pharmacological Thromboprophylaxis, Tourniquet and Drainage on Hemorrhagic Complications in the Early Stage after Knee Arthroplasty: Preliminary Results”
Authors: Belov M. V.
Published: October 2019

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A Short Message Service Intervention to Support Adherence to Home-Based Strengthening Exercise for People With Knee Osteoarthritis: Intervention Design Applying the Behavior Change Wheel
Authors: Nelligan Rachel K , Hinman Rana S , Atkins Lou , Bennell Kim L
Published: October 2019

Background

Knee osteoarthritis is a chronic condition with no known cure. Treatment focuses on symptom management, with exercise recommended as a core component by all clinical practice guidelines. However, long-term adherence to exercise is poor among many people with knee osteoarthritis, which limits its capacity to provide sustained symptom relief. To improve exercise outcomes, scalable interventions that facilitate exercise adherence are needed. SMS (short message service) interventions show promise in health behavior change. The Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) is a widely used framework that provides a structured approach to designing behavior change interventions and has been used extensively in health behavior change intervention design.

Objective

The study aimed to describe the development of, and rationale for, an SMS program to support exercise adherence in people with knee osteoarthritis using the BCW framework.

Methods

The intervention was developed in two phases. Phase 1 involved using the BCW to select the target behavior and associated barriers, facilitators, and behavior change techniques (BCTs). Phase 2 involved design of the program functionality and message library. Messages arranged into a 24-week schedule were provided to an external company to be developed into an automated SMS program.

Results

The target behavior was identified as participation in self-directed home-based strengthening exercise 3 times a week for 24 weeks. A total of 13 barriers and 9 facilitators of the behavior and 20 BCTs were selected to use in the intervention. In addition, 198 SMS text messages were developed and organized into a 24-week automated program that functions by prompting users to self-report the number of home exercise sessions completed each week. Users who reported ≥3 exercise sessions/week (adherent) received positive reinforcement messages. Users who reported <3 exercise sessions/week (nonadherent) were asked to select a barrier (from a list of standardized response options) that best explains why they found performing the exercises challenging in the previous week. This automatically triggers an SMS containing a BCT suggestion relevant to overcoming the selected barrier. Users also received BCT messages to facilitate exercise adherence, irrespective of self-reported adherence.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates application of the BCW to guide development of an automated SMS intervention to support exercise adherence in knee osteoarthritis. Future research is needed to assess whether the intervention improves adherence to the prescribed home-based strengthening exercise.
Informational Practices of Postacute Brain Injury Patients During Personal Recovery: Qualitative Study
Authors: Masterson Yamini , Brady Erin , Miller Andrew
Published: October 2019

Background

The effects of brain injury, structural damage, or the physiological disruption of brain function last far beyond initial clinical treatment. Self-tracking and management technologies have the potential to help individuals experiencing brain injury in their personal recovery—helping them to function at their best despite ongoing symptoms of illness. However, current self-tracking technologies may be unsuited for measuring the interconnected, nonlinear ways in which brain injury manifests.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate (1) the current informational practices and sensemaking processes used by postacute brain injury patients during personal recovery and (2) the potential role of quality-of-life instruments in improving patient awareness of brain injury recovery, advocacy, and involvement in care used outside the clinical context. Our objective was to explore the means of improving awareness through reflection that leads to compensatory strategies by anticipating or recognizing the occurrence of a problem caused by impairment.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study and used essentialist or realist thematic analysis to analyze the data collected through semistructured interviews and questionnaires, 2 weeks of structured data collection using brain injury–specific health-related quality of life instrument, quality of life after brain injury (QoLIBRI), and final interviews.

Results

Informational practices of people with brain injury involve data collection, data synthesis, and obtaining and applying the insights to their lifestyles. Participants collected data through structured tools such as spreadsheets and wearable devices but switched to unstructured tools such as journals and blogs as changes in overall progress became more qualitative in nature. Although data collection helped participants summarize their progress better, the lack of conceptual understanding made it challenging to know what to monitor or communicate with clinicians. QoLIBRI served as an education tool in this scenario but was inadequate in facilitating reflection and sensemaking.

Conclusions

Individuals with postacute brain injury found the lack of conceptual understanding of recovery and tools for making sense of their health data as major impediments for tracking and being aware of their personal recovery. There is an urgent need for a better framework for recovery and a process model for choosing patient-generated health data tools that focus on the holistic nature of recovery and improve the understanding of brain injury for all stakeholders involved throughout recovery.
EFFECT OF MANGOSTEEN EXTRACT ON NEUROINFLAMMATION IN RAT MODEL OF ACUTE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
Authors: PANGIHUTAN SIAHAAN ANDRE MAROLOP , LUMBANRAJA SARMA
Published: October 2019

Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major health problems regarding morbidity and mortality, especially in productive ages. Following primary injury, there is a secondary insult, resulting in oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cell death. Mangosteen is a powerful natural antioxidant and anti-inflammation that also has neuroprotective property. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of mangosteen extract (ME)on neuroinflammation following TBI.

Methods: A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three treatments group, i.e., sham-operated controls, closed head injury (CHI), and treatment group. In the treatment group, we gave ME once daily every day after CHI for 7 days. As oxidative process marker, we investigated malondialdehyde (MDA) expression. As neuroinflammation marker, we investigated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and CD-68.

Results: TBI increased the expression of GFAP and CD-68, but not MDA. There was significant GFAP expression difference between treatment group and CHI group. Regarding the expression of CD-68 and MDA, there was no significant difference between treatment and CHI group.

Conclusion: Mangosteen extract supplementation decreased GFAP expression significantly after TBI.
PRELIMINARY MYCOCHEMICAL, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS, AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF CALOCERA VISCOSA (PERS.) FR.
Authors: NAIK S NAVEEN KUMAR , R ASHWATHANARAYANA , NAIKA RAJA
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Calocera viscosa, commonly called as the yellow stagshorn, is a jelly fungus, belongs to the family of Dacrymycetales, unknown for its medicinal properties and biological activities.

Method: The sporocarps of C. viscosa (Pers.) Fr. were collected from Agumbe, Karnataka. Mycochemical and Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis done by standard procedures and antibacterial activity was done by agar well diffusion method.

Results: Physicochemical was analyzed and results revealed the highest percentage of alcohol-soluble extractives were present followed by ash content. Alcohol-soluble extractives were 20.76%, total moisture content (10.9%), and foreign matter (0.5%). Extraction was done by Soxhlet apparatus using petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethanol and subjected to qualitative mycochemicals analysis both petroleum ether and chloroform extract confirms less mycochemicals, whereas ethanolic extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, sterols, glycosides, terpenoids, and phenols. GC–MS analysis of ethanoic extract showed many known bioactive compounds in that, 19 compounds were unknown and 21 compounds were known for its medicinal properties, most of them were food additives and flavoring agents. Antibacterial potentials were studied against pathogenic bacteria revealed that ethanolic extract showed appreciable zone of inhibition against pathogenic bacteria, in that maximum zone of inhibition showed against Klebsiella pneumonia followed by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Conclusion: C. viscosa (Pers.) Fr. sporocarp can be explored for potential antibacterial with rich full of useful mycochemicals.
COLON SPECIFIC DELIVERY OF COMBINATION OF 5-FLUOROURACIL AND CELECOXIB: PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY
Authors: BANSAL VIKAS , KAMBOJ ANJOO , MADAN JITENDER
Published: October 2019

Objective: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and celecoxib (Cel) combination offered additive effect in the treatment of colon cancer. However, physicochemical and biopharmaceutical attributes of both drugs deliver suboptimal concentration at the site of action. The objective of the current study is the development of a microparticulate drug delivery system loaded with a combination of 5-FU and Cel to achieve prolonged drug delivery in colon cancer.

Methods: 5-FU and Cel combination were loaded in Eudragit coated chitosan (CH) microspheres (MSs) and characterized.

Results: The average particle size of the MSs was in the range of 2.7±0.9μm to 4.8±1.1μm. A substantial drug encapsulation efficiency of 71.30±2.3% as obtained for 5-FU as compared to 35.20±1.9% of Cel in the tailored microparticles. The drug loading capacity of 6.5 mg/10 mg and 2.3 mg/10 mg was obtained for 5-FU and Cel, respectively. By Eudragit S 100 (Ed) coating, significant pH-dependent release profile was achieved, and no drug release was observed in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. The developed MSs exhibited the release of 92.1±2.9% of 5-FU in 8h whereas 18.9±0.7% Cel was found to be released from the developed MSs. The drug-loaded MSs exhibited appreciable potency against HT-29 cells with an IC50 value of 35.9 μM.

Conclusion: The results indicated that these microparticles are a promising vehicle for selectively targeting drugs to the colon in the chemotherapy of colon cancer.
ELECTROCHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF KETOROLAC - A NON-OPIOID ANALGESIC AT GLASSY CARBON ELECTRODE
Authors: M HANABARATTI ROHINI , I GOWDA JAYANT , M TUWAR SURESH
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The study has been carried to investigate the electro-oxidation mechanism and to develop a selective and sensitive method for determination of ketorolac (KTL), a non-opioid analgesic drug,.Methods: A simple electro analytical method was used for the determination of ketorolac (KTL) using glassy carbon electrode by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric techniques (DPV). The effect of various experimental parameters such as accumulation time, pH, scan rate, on the voltammetric responses of KTL was evaluated.Results: In the optimized conditions, variation of peak current with respect to concentration was studied and the calibration curve of the peak current vs. KTL concentration was drawn with a linear range of 10- 350 Î¼M with an excellent detection limit of 8.08Ã—10-8 M. This method was successfully tested for the determination of KTL in pharmaceuticals and human urine samples.Conclusion: From the results, it was observed that, the selected method is rapid, sensitive and low cost.
ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL AT MAXIMUM PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: APOLLO SINAGA FAJAR , HARAHAP URIP , SILALAHI JANSEN , SIPAHUTAR HERBERT
Published: October 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the protective effects of virgin coconut oil (VCO) treatment on hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses after maximum physical activity.

Methods: This study used 24 healthy male rats. The rats were divided into four groups randomly consisted of six rats in each group. The control group (P0) was given 2 mL water, the treatment groups (VCO-1, VCO-2, and VCO-4) were given VCO 1 ml/200 g BW, 2 ml/200 g BW, and 4 ml/200 g BW, respectively, per day using gavage spuit. The rats were trained to swim for a month, 30 min/day in the 1st week, 35 min/day in the 2nd week, 40 min/ day in the 3rd week, and 45 min/day in the 4th week. After 28 days, the rats were forced to perform the maximal activity by putting the rats in water with no exit. Blood samples were collected immediately after the maximum physical activity, and then, all rats were killed and liver tissues were collected. The malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic-pyruvate transaminase level were then measured.

Results: VCO increased swimming time to exhaustion, levels of GPx in the liver, which were accompanied by corresponding decreases in the MDA, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase content.

Conclusion: The results from this study indicate that VCO is effective in the prevention of oxidative stress following maximum physical activity.
IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE CENTRAL NORTH OF MOROCCO: A POSSIBLE SOURCE OF ALTERNATIVE DRUGS AGAINST METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors: ZEOUK IKRAME , OUALI LALAMI ABDELHAKIM EL , BEKHTI KHADIJA
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study aims the investigation of the antimicrobial potential of medicinal plants selected in the central north of Morocco against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strain often involved in dermatitis.

Methods: Structured interviews were carried out among 91 herbalists and traditional healers through a specific information questionnaire, the in vitro susceptibility of Staphylococcus strains award ethanol extracts was evaluated using the well-diffusion assay, while the agar-microdilution method was used to determinate the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The total phenolic and flavonoids contents of all tested extracts were also determined.

Results: Based on the ethnobotanical survey, a total of 55 plant species belonging to 30 families were mentioned. The Lamiaceae family was the most represented (18.80%) followed by the Apiaceae family (10.90%). Leaves (45.00%) were the favored used part. Decoction method (48.53%) was the most frequently used to prepare remedies that are taken externally (75.00%). Nine of the 17 most selected species have shown an effective antistaphylococcal activity; the most active extracts were Punica granatum and Rhamnus alaternus with MIC values ranging between 0.25 mg/ml and 2.00 mg/ml.

Conclusion: The current data confirm the good antistaphylococcal activity of P. granatum and R. alaternus and suggest that these species could constitute a promoter source for antistaphylococcal drugs with deeply studies.
PHYTOCHEMICAL, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF ANDROGRAPHIS SERPYLLIFOLIA METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: R MADHANKUMAR , S MURUGESAN
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study is to evaluate the preliminary study of phytochemical screening and biological applications of Andrographis serpyllifolia methanol leaf extracts.

Methods: The methanol leaf extracts of A. serpyllifolia was prepared using Soxhlet apparatus and the extract was analyzed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase. Further, the antibacterial activity of methanolic leaf extract of A. serpyllifolia was tested against various human pathogens by using agar disc diffusion method.

Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening and GC-MS results revealed phenols, aromatic carboxylic acids, and esters in the chloroform extract to be the molecules responsible for the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of A. serpyllifolia methanol extract and fractions showed the presence of various secondary metabolites present.

Conclusion: The present study strongly recommended that the methanolic extract of A. serpyllifolia leaves possesses compounds that inhibit the growth of microbes as wells excellent antioxidant activities. The study further suggested the potential therapeutic use of these extract in cancer study.
IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF MAYTENUS EMARGINATA STEM BARK ON INDIAN ADULT EARTHWORM
Authors: JOSHI UMESH PRABHAKAR , WAGH RAJENDRA DAYARAM
Published: October 2019

Objective: The development of anthelmintic activity and the high cost of synthetic anthelmintic drugs it leads to the evaluation of medicinal plants as an alternative source of anthelmintics. In the current study, in vitro experiments were conducted to determine the possible anthelmintic effects of crude methanolic, aqueous, and hydroalcoholic extracts of the stem bark of Maytenus emarginata on eggs and adult Pheretima posthuma and Ascaridia galli.

Methods: Three concentrations (10, 25, and 50 mg/ml) of methanolic, aqueous, and hydroalcoholic extracts of plant M. emarginata were studied in activity which involved the determination of the time of paralysis (called as vermifuge) and time of death (called as vermicidal) of the worms. Piperazine citrate in same concentration as those of extract was included as standard reference and normal saline water with 1% carboxymethyl cellulose as control.

Results: The methanolic, aqueous, and hydroalcoholic extracts exhibited significant anthelmintic activity at a concentration of 50 mg/ml. Peak activity was exhibited by the methanolic extract at a concentration of 50 mg/ml.

Conclusion: The overall findings of the present study have shown that M. emarginata contain possible anthelmintic compounds and further evaluation of these plants should be carried out. The traditional use of anthelmintic activity of this plant is genuine.
CREATION, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ALKIL-2-((5-PHENETHYL-4-R-1,2,4- TRIAZOLE-3-YL)THIO)ACET(PROPAN,BENZ)IMIDATES
Authors: TATYANA IGNATOVA , ANDRIY KAPLAUSHENKO , NATALIYA, NAGORNA , ANTONINA AVRAMENKO
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of this research was to synthesize and evaluate physical-chemical properties of 5-pheneyhyl-4-R-3-thio-1,2,4-triazole and to establish identity and structure of the synthesized compounds, namely alkil-2-((5-phenethyl-4-R-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acet(propan,benz)imidates.
Methods: As starting materials for synthesis of alkil-2-((5-phenethyl-4-R-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acet(propan,benz)imidates, the corresponding 2-((5-phenethyl-4-R-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)aceto(propane,benzo)nitrile have been used. Synthesis has been set in the absolute alcohol medium (propanol or butanol alcohol) with chloroform, using the saturation with dry hydrogen chloride.
Results: In this study, we have developed nine new compounds have been received as a result of synthetic transformations, the structure of synthesized compounds has been confirmed by modern complex of physical-chemical methods of analysis (1H NMR-spectroscopy, elemental analysis), and their individuality has been conducted on gas-liquid chromatograph Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC equipped with a mass spectrometer Agilent 6120.
Conclusion: As a result of the work, it was synthesized the new compounds of the series of alkil-2-((5-phenethyl-4-R-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio) acet(propan,benz)imidates and was characterized by elemental analysis and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis.
ANTIPROLIFERATIVE EFFECTS OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA LEAF EXTRACT ON ORAL SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA CELLS
Authors: T RAJAN SHARADA , N MALATHI , D CHAMUNDEESWARI , C ROSE
Published: October 2019

Objective: Cancer is the major cause of mortality affecting population irrespective of age. Oral cancer is one among the various cancers affecting major population in India. To overcome toxicity of chemotherapy and disfiguration by surgical procedures, researchers are targeting phytochemicals for their anticancer properties. This study evaluates the antiproliferative effects of Psidium guajava leaf extract against OSC cells.
Methods: KB cells were purchased from NCCS, Pune. Extract from leaves of P. guajava was prepared with ethanol and evaluated with high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Antiproliferative effects of the extract were assessed with 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl--tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry.
Results: HPTLC revealed the presence of quercetin in the extract. MTT assay showed decreasing pattern in cell viability with the increasing dose of extract. Flow cytometry revealed the seizing of cycle by the extract.
Conclusion: The study results conclude the presence of antiproliferative properties in the leaf extract of P. guajava.
ANTIMICROBIAL INVESTIGATION AND BINDING MODE ANALYSIS OF SOME NEWLY SYNTHESIZED 4-AMINO-5-((ARYL SUBSTITUTED)-4H-1, 2, 4-TRIAZOLE-3-YL)-THIO LINKED HYDROXAMIC ACID DERIVATIVES
Authors: DAS MOUSUMI , DAS BHASKAR , DE ARNAB , BANERJEE SUBHASIS , SAMANTA AMALESH
Published: October 2019

Objective: A series of 5-substituted-4-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole-linked hydroxamic acid derivatives have been synthesized and explored in vitro to evaluate antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Methods: Different 5-phenyl group substituted-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol reacted with chlorine substituted hydroxamic acid to produce the desired compounds and characterized spectroscopically. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), zone of inhibition (ZOI), growth kinetic studies, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to elicit the antimicrobial efficacy of synthesized compounds against a wide range of bacterial and fungal strains.

Results: Compounds 6a, 6b, 6d, and 6k (MIC of 25 μg/ml) have been found to be more potent against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Micrococcus luteus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, compounds 6a-6d, 6k, and 6l (MIC of 25–50 μg/ml) have shown potent antibacterial efficacy against Klebsiella pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, and Vibrio cholera compare to the standard drug amoxicillin (MIC of 60 μg/ml, 65 μg/ml, and 25 μg/ml, respectively). Screening for the antifungal activity revealed that the compounds were found to be most active against Candida albicans (6a, 6b, and 6l), Candida tropicalis (6b and 6d), and Aspergillus niger (6a, 6b, 6d, and 6j) with MIC of 15–25 μg/ml. Bacteriostatic and fungistatic effect of titled compounds was revealed from growth kinetics study.

Conclusion: Electron donating group at the 5-position of the 5-substituted-1,2,4-triazole-linked hydroxamic acid derivatives conferred the biological effectiveness of the synthesized compounds and also offer a therapeutically effective prototypical structure for further development of new chemical entities with superior antimicrobial activity.
BENEFICIAL OUTCOMES AFTER COMBINED THERAPY WITH AZATHIOPRINE AND PIOGLITAZONE IN PRECLINICAL ARTHRITIC MODELS
Authors: BABU PRATAP VEERESH , VARLA SOUNDARYA , M GANGA RAJU
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-arthritic activities of azathioprine-pioglitazone combination therapy to check whether it has an add on benefit over monotherapy with azathioprine or pioglitazone on disease activity in rodent models.

Methods: The antioxidant activity of test drugs and their combination was screened by H2O2 and nitric oxide scavenging assays. They were further evaluated for anti-arthritic activity using in vitro models such as protein denaturation and membrane stabilization and in vivo methods such as formaldehyde and complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis.

Results: The combination of test drugs showed better inhibition of free radicals in both H2O2 and nitric oxide scavenging assay than individual counterparts revealing its potential antioxidant activity. They also showed significant inhibition of protein denaturation and proliferation of the red blood cell in in vitro models. The test drugs showed significant inhibition of the paw volume in both the formaldehyde and CFA-induced arthritis along with reverting the altered biochemical parameters. These findings were corroborated by radiological and histopathological studies.

Conclusions: Combination of azathioprine and pioglitazone exhibited better antioxidant and anti-arthritic effect than the individual drugs showing synergistic interaction between them.
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF DIPHENHYDRAMINE, EPHEDRINE, NOSCAPINE, AND GLYCEROL GLYCOLATE USING STABILITY-INDICATING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY: APPLICATION TO NOSCOF TABLETS
Authors: BHASKARARAO PULAGURTHA , DANNANA GOWRI SANKAR
Published: October 2019

Objective: Noscof tablet is a fixed dosage combination formulation having diphenhydramine (DH), ephedrine (ED), noscapine (NP), and glycerol glycolate (GG). A sensitive, selective, accurate, precise, and stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with photodiode array detection has been developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of DH, ED, NP, and GG in bulk drug and Noscof tablets.

Methods: Reversed-phase chromatographic separation and analysis of DH, ED, NP, and GG were done on an Altima C18 column with 0.01 M KH2PO4 buffer (pH 3.5) and acetonitrile (50:50%, v/v) as mobile phase at 0.8 ml/min flow rate in isocratic mode. Detection was performed at 260 nm. The method was validated in harmony with International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The tablet sample solution was subjected to diverse stress conditions using ICH strategy such as hydrolytic degradation (neutral - with distilled water, alkaline - with 2 N NaOH, and acidic - with 2 N HCl), oxidation (with 10% H2O2), photodegradation (exposing to UV light), and dry heat degradation (exposing to 105°C).

Results: Using the above stated chromatographic conditions, sharp peaks were obtained for ED, NP, DH, and GG with retention time of 3.272 min, 4.098 min, 5.467 min, and 6.783 min, respectively. Good regression coefficient values were obtained in the range of 2–12 μg/ml for ED, 3.75–22.5 μg/ml for NP, 3.125–18.75 μg/ml for DH, and 25–150 μg/ml for GG. The quantification limits were 0.181 μg/ml, 0.187 μg/ml, 0.246 μg/ml, and 1.114 μg/ml for ED, NP, DH, and GG, respectively. The values of validation parameters are within the acceptance limits given by ICH. The ED, NP, DH, and GG showed more percent of degradation in acid condition and less percent of degradation in the neutral condition. The peaks of degradants did not interfere with the peaks of analytes. ED, NP, DH, and GG were assessed with a good percentage of the assay (near to 100%) and low percent relative standard deviation (<2%) in Noscof tablets using the proposed method.

Conclusion: The stability indicating RP-HPLC method developed was suitable for quantifying ED, NP, DH, and GG simultaneously in bulk as well as in tablet formulation.
RAPHANUS SATIVUS LINN. A NEW ANTINOCICEPTIVE FOR DIABETIC NEUROPATHY IN RATS DETERMINED BY RANDALL SELITTO APPROACH
Authors: SAHOO SAMBIT KUMAR , PANDA STHITAPRAGNYA
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of Raphanus sativus Linn. using Randall Selitto method.
Methods: Streptozotocin, lard, casein, cholesterol, DL-methionine, yeast powder, quercetin, thiobarbituric acid, 2-nitrobenzoic acid (5, 5, Dithiobis), hematoxylin, and hydrogen peroxide were used. A diet rich in fat content was fed to the animals for a period of 2 weeks. After a stabilization period of 2weeks, the treatment period started and continued for a period of 8weeks. The nociceptive parameters were assessed once a week by Randall Selitto method and hot plate test. After treatment, the animals were sacrificed, and antioxidant parameters were assessed using sciatic nerve homogenate and histopathological analysis of sciatic nerve.
Results: Treatment R. sativus extract (RSE 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) appreciably declined the levels of blood glucose in a dose-dependent manner, and it was comparable with standard quercetin. A significant increase in pain threshold levels was observed by the treatment RSE in hot plate method after the 4th week compared to diabetic control, and it was consistent until the end of treatment (p<0.01, p<0.001). In Randall Selitto method RSE produced a significant increase in paw withdrawal threshold after the 4th week compared to diabetic control, and it was consistently increased until the end of treatment. RSE (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly restored the levels of antioxidant enzymes and decreased lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent fashion in comparison with the diabetic control group. RSE (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) attenuated the nerve degeneration and axonal swelling along with quercetin.
Conclusion: The findings from the current study showed the antinociceptive and antioxidant effect of R. sativus in neuropathic pain in diabetes.
COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF TRANEXAMIC ACID 10 MG/KG AND 15 MG/KG IN REDUCING BLEEDING AND TRANSFUSIONS IN TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: NAMBIAR HIMA R , S KAMATH SHAILA
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of tranexamic acid 10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg in reducing bleeding and transfusions in total knee arthroplasty.
Methods: After approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee, KMC, Mangaluru, 88 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria of this study undergoing total knee replacements were informed of the study details and consent was obtained for the same. They were randomized into two groups using computer-generated block randomization, i.e., Group A and Group B, and were administered tranexamic acid 10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg intravenously, respectively. Intraoperatively, hemodynamic parameters were noted. Postoperatively, hemoglobin levels were assessed on days 1 and 3. Transfusions, thromboembolic complications, and duration of hospital stay were noted.
Results: Of the 88 participants of the trial, 44 in Groups A and B each, there were no significant differences in the parameters observed in this study such as intraoperative hemodynamic changes, post-operative fall in hemoglobin on day 3, number of patients requiring transfusions, number of thromboembolic events, and duration of hospital stay. A significant p-value was observed in the fall in hemoglobin in the post-operative day 3 (p=0.043).
Conclusion: About 15 mg/kg tranexamic acid proved to have a lesser fall in hemoglobin on day 3 postoperatively when compared to the 10 mg/kg group. However, the fall of hemoglobin on day 3 was statistically significant and warranted a blood transfusion in two patients in the 10 mg/kg group but did not prolong their hospital stay.