bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between the Extraction of Permanent Teeth in Children and Future Growth of Third Molar
Authors: Ahmed Mareb Hammed
Published: June 2023

Background: permanent molar (M3) formation, morphology, and agenesis vary greatly between individuals. This study examines how removing the lower first permanent molar affects the position and angle of the developing third molar in 7- to 10-year-olds.

Method: Radiographs of Two groups from southern Iraq were identified: those who had one or more first permanent molars extracted between ages 7 and 10 and those who did not. Both groups had panoramic radiographs taken at 8.5 and 10 years before extraction. 80 third molars were extracted, and 50 had retained first permanent molars. Comparing groups used independent sample tests.

Results: The third molar moved significantly more mesially in the group of extraction (P <0.05), and the angle righted itself significantly more in the group of extraction than it did in the group of non-extraction (P <0.05). Both of these results were significantly different from what was seen in the group of non-extraction. These two findings presented a striking contrast to the findings obtained from the control group that did not undergo extraction. When it came to the movement of the third molar downward, there's not a statistical significant difference between two groups in terms of a vertical movement of the 3rd molar.

Conclusion: An extraction of the lower first permanent molar encouraged mesial movement and up righting of the developing third molar while the dentition was still in the process of developing. Because of this, the probability of the third molar erupting in the future may increase.
Synthesis of Zinc Sulfide Nanocrystals by Chemical Bath Deposition Methods
Authors: Hameed Omar M.
Published: June 2023

Chemical bath deposition method was used to create zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles. The CBD contained fixed components such as ZnCl2, NH4NO3, and CS (NH2)2 and KOH. Samples were heated at 90°C in a bath with magnetic agitation. Homogeneity, high transparency, adhesion, and crystalline ZnS films were achieved using KOH (1.4 M). For structural and optical investigation, the produced nanoparticles are examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) Absorption Spectroscopy. In XRD, the cubic crystal structure can be seen at 350nm, the UV-Vis spectrum reveals a blue peak. The absorbance and type of bonds present in samples are determined by FTIR spectra.
Air Quality and Hazardous Gas Detection using IoT for Household and Industrial Areas
Authors: Karuna G. , Kumar R.P. Ram , Gopaldas Steven , Parvathaneni Vasista , Lokesh Teddu
Published: June 2023

The detection and monitoring of hazardous gases is essential for ensuring the safety of individuals in various settings, such as industrial environments and residential areas. gas detectors detect gases like LPG, NH3, alcohol, NOx, Benzene, CO2, Alcohol, Propane, Hydrogen, Methane, Carbon Monoxide, and smoke in the area around them. In this study, we present a system for real-time detection and monitoring of hazardous gases using MQ135 and MQ2 sensors. The system consists of a monitor that is placed in a fixed location and a mobile device that can be carried by the user. The MQ135 sensor is used to detect gases such as ammonia, while the MQ2 sensor is used to detect gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. Each of these gases is known through the Parts per Million (PPM) values and can be determined which gas it is. The system utilises a microcontroller to process the sensor data and display the gas concentrations on a user interface. The mobile device also has the capability to alert the user and send notifications through an accompanying App if the gas concentrations exceed a predetermined threshold. The system is reliable, accurate, and easy to use, making it an ideal solution for detecting and mitigating the risks associated with hazardous gases in various settings. The system was tested in various environments and was able to accurately detect and monitor the presence of hazardous gases and it is a reliable and convenient solution for detecting and monitoring hazardous gases in real-time.
IoT-based Sun and Rain Detection System
Authors: Karuna G. , Daliyet Sohan , Reddy D. Vijay Vardhan
Published: June 2023

The field of IoT has made significant advancements by using software and sensors to collect and share data about device usage and the surrounding environment. This data analysis can be used to identify potential problems before they occur and provide solutions. This technology is applicable to various industries, including healthcare, automation, and wearable technology. Our research shows that there is a correlation between atmospheric pressure, humidity, and rain. To address the issue of people getting caught in unexpected rain, we have used the Bosch BMP280 environment monitor to predict rain and high temperatures. By measuring temperature, atmospheric pressure, and altitude and using an IoT interface with a Magnetic switch sensor, we record and transfer the data to Firebase. We notify the user with a beep if they need to carry an umbrella.
Identification of Soil Features Suitable for Barley, Maize and Sugarcane Cultivation using Precision Agriculture
Authors: Shamila M. , Kumari Manasa , Pulikantham Srigana
Published: June 2023

Agriculture plays a crucial role in a nation's economy by significantly contributing to its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Improved methods of farming not only benefit farmers by lowering their workload but also boost crop yields. Identifying the optimal soil for each crop is essential for producing harvests of the highest quality and quantity. Precision farming in agriculture uses Internet of Things (IoT) technology to ensure the most efficient use of available resources to increase crop yields and reduce operational costs. It reduces instances of crop failure and aids in averting catastrophic losses. Variations in soil temperature and soil moisture have the most significant influence on crop yield. The Soil Moisture Sensors calculate the soil's total volumetric water content. Using the BMP280 absolute barometric pressure sensor, it is possible to get accurate temperature and air pressure measurements. In the paper, the primary purpose of precision agriculture usage is to determine the optimal soil characteristics for the production of Barely, Maize and Sugarcane crops.
Smart Cultivation System using IoT
Authors: Kumar Mamidi Kiran , Karuna G. , Kumar R. P. Ram , Gattamaneni Srujana , Priya P. Harshini Lakshmi
Published: June 2023

Agriculture plays an essential role in this world. In addition to other nations, India makes up the majority of the world's contribution to agriculture and its linked industries. Eighty-one percent of its farmers are tiny and marginal, providing a source of income for seventy-two percent of its rural households. However, modern agriculture faces many complex challenges, including how to cope with climatic conditions, soil erosion, poor irrigation techniques & poor quality, etc. To overcome these problems, IoT sensors like Soil moisture sensors, Ultrasonic sensors & Bosch’s BMP280 environment monitor sensors are used. These sensors allow us to predict temperature, altitude, humidity, soil moisture, atmospheric pressure, etc. Using mobile applications and statistics of the most-in-demand crop at a specific time of year can be analysed. The primary seasonal plants are split into two broad groups, for example, crops sown at the start of the winter season are known as Rabi crops, and crops sown at the start of the monsoon season, are known as Kharif crops. Each crop needs a particular set of climatic conditions to grow well. The goal of the project is to present a Smart Cultivation System that is based on the Internet of Things (IoT). This system will help farmers get real-time data for effective environmental monitoring, which will help them increase production and product quality.
Study of Formability of Brass Sheet Metal Under Different Temperature Conditions
Authors: Singh V. Dharma , Hussain M. Manzoor , Singh Swadesh Kumar
Published: June 2023

In the present work focus devoted to the results obtained from uniaxial tensile test were utilized to analyze flow stress behavior of brass under different orientation, temperature and strain rate conditions and the study of forming limit diagrams for stretch forming of brass sheet material at room temperature and at various elevated temperatures have been estimated experimentally by performing stretch forming operations using warm forming tooling setup (i.e., suitable punch – die and blank holding set-up). After stretch forming the brass sheets metal at different temperature conditions (i.e., 300 K to 773 K) the minor and major strains are measured by using the electron microscope and then forming limit diagrams (FLDs) were constructed. With the help of forming limit diagram (FLDs) formability of brass analyzed. These formability limit diagrams (FLDs) were co-related with mechanical properties such as tensile strength and % elongation, and in-plane anisotropy of the brass sheet material.
Comparative Exploration of 19-level and 21-level Cascaded H- Bridge MLI with Cross H-Bridge MLI
Authors: Rao J. Srinivas , Kumar Tummala Suresh , Al-Jawahry Hassan Mohmmed , Saini Manisha
Published: June 2023

Present days renewable energy sources based grids are developing which needs inverters to convert power from DC to AC. 2-level inverters were used for this purpose to overcome the drawbacks of 2-level inverters multilevel inverters are developed. Because of the combination of numerous devices in a series structure, multilevel inverters provide outstanding solutions to high voltage, high power applications. With the use of suitable simulations and mathematical analysis, this paper compares the performance of 19 and 21-level cascaded H-Bridges with cross H-Bridge MLI. Total Harmonic Distortion levels, switching device count, and inverter output voltage and current are all compared. The primary issues brought up in this study are limitations of a number of switching devices that can support high voltage in the inverter. The benefit of this research is that it identifies the right inverter that can be utilised for real-time applications by taking the variables into account. The count of switching devices, output voltage, current, and harmonic distortion, among other factors. The Matlab/Simulink Platform is used to validate the analysis.
Position sensorless field-oriented control of BLDC motor for EV applications
Authors: Awaar Vinay Kumar , Nagilla Anjali , Bannuru Sravani , Veeramaneni Suchitha , Veerla Prasanthi , Abbas A. Hussien
Published: June 2023

A brushless DC motor (known as BLDC) is a permanent magnet synchronous electric motor which is driven by direct current (DC) electricity, and it accomplishes an electronically controlled commutation system instead of a mechanical commutation system. Major of the BLDC applications are based on speed control like motors used in electric vehicles, washing machines, air conditioners, etc. For the speed regulation of BLDC, TMS320F2837xD and TMS320F28069M microcontrollers are used, which belong to the C2000 family. These microcontrollers are used to increase efficiency by reducing the system components and enabling a cost-effective design of intelligent controllers for three-phase motors. With these devices, digital vector control algorithms like field-oriented control (FOC) may be implemented with much more precision. By computing a dynamic model of the motor, the FOC algorithm maintains efficiency across a wide speed range and considers torque variations with transient phases. The ideas include strategies to get rid of the phase current sensors and switch to sensorless speed control with an observer. The proposed model simulations can be achieved using MATLAB simulation tools, Graphical User Interface (GUI) application and Code Composer Studio (CCS).
Analysis of tuned mass damper effect on vibration control over tall building in seismic prone areas – A state-of-art review
Authors: Sandya Cheruku , Kumar C. Vivek , Srinivas T.
Published: June 2023

Vibrations are one of the main environmental elements that influence buildings and mechanical structures, potentially shortening their lifespan. Taller, lighter, more flexible structures are required by current trends in the construction sector, yet they have relatively low damping values. This raises the likelihood of failure and causes issues with serviceability. If the frequency of excitation coincides with one of the inherent frequencies of the system, many building structures and bridges will collapse due to vibration. Today, a variety of techniques are available to reduce a structure's vibrations. One of these is the idea of using a tuned mass damper, which has become popular recently. In this paper a study has been investigated which is on the behaviour of tall building when it is equipped with Tuned Mass Damper. It is observed that buildings with Tuned Mass Damper are more resistant to seismic vibrations compared to the buildings without Tuned Mass Dampers.
Experimental studies on flexural action of RC beams made with hybrid rebars - A brief review
Authors: Chandra S.K. Sai , Hemalatha K. , Reddy V. Mallikarjuna , Nadh Vandanapu Swamy
Published: June 2023

Reinforced Steel bars used in concrete constructions are particularly susceptible to corrosion since they don't have enough corrosion resistance, which decreases durability and long-term performance. The main cause of steel bar corrosion is moisture interaction, which results in rust, which causes cracks and spalling, which affects durability and long-term performance. FRP bars, which have several benefits over steel bars such as strong resistance to corrosion, higher tensile strength than steel bars, and a 1/4th of the weight of steel bars, which decreases shipping and labor costs, are now entering the market as a solution to the aforementioned issues. Polypropylene fibers in concrete have high mechanical strength, stiffness, and durability. This paper tells about the type of FRP bar and Fiber that has been chosen in order to enhance the studies on the performance of flexure of RC beams made with a combination of FRP and Steel bars. From previous studies, it has been concluded that 0.25% of fibers are used as optimum dosage in terms of volume fraction in order to improve the behavior of flexure and ductility of beams made with a combination of Steel and FRP bars.
Strength and durability properties of quaternary blended high strength concrete
Authors: Kumar Gongalla Nitish , Satyanarayana G.V.V.
Published: June 2023

Concrete is in great demand due to global infrastructure expansion. Cement is a critical component in the production of concrete because it binds the ingredients together. But the primary issue arises in the environment due to the release of toxic gases such as CO3 and sulphur into the atmosphere. To overcome this, some other cementitious materials, namely admixtures, were utilized as partial replacements for the cement. In this study, concrete was made for M70 grade with a quaternary blend in composition with cement, silica fume, metakaolin, and alccofine. Silica fume is largely used as a mineral admixture in high-strength and high-performance concrete. Metakaolin is a cementitious material developed from the heat treatment of natural kaolin deposits. Alccofine is a new type of admixture in concrete. These materials not only lower the consumption of cement but also help concrete maintain its qualities, so it is proposed to study the mechanical, and durability properties of hardened concrete. This paper mainly highlights on the utilization of metakaolin, Alccofine and silica fume as they replaced the cement in varying proportions to get the required strength of M70 grade concrete for 7 days of compressive, and split tensile strength.
Assessment of ground water quality using water quality index and GIS
Authors: Bindu O.S.D. Hima , Gayathri Velishala , Swaranya Thallapally , Vyshnavi Jangiti
Published: June 2023

Ground water demand in India has significantly increased as a result of the country's fast population development, industrialization, and urbanization. Using a water quality index, or WQI helpful numerical instrument for deriving complex information from any water body and for reporting and analyzing it. WQI is essentially a mathematical method for calculating a single value from a set of test results. Any WQI model can explain the degree of water contamination with a single number, depending on several of water quality indicators at a particular place and time. In this work, an effort has been made to understand whether ground water is fit for human consumption. The study area included various residential and industrial areas that do get their water from groundwater resources. This study evaluates When compared to WHO drinking and residential water quality criteria (WQI), the physical, chemical, and biological properties of various groundwater samples taken from various sites are examined. The spatial evaluation of several groundwater quality parameters in this investigation has been done using the GIS approach. The study's goal is to determine the WQI of ground water determine if it is fit for human consumption in the study area using the GIS technique.
Numerical analysis on reinforcement ratio of RC beams using FRP and steel rebars
Authors: Hemalatha K. , Prasad D. Ravi
Published: June 2023

Reinforced Concrete Structures, traditionally using steel rebars, are vulnerable to corrosion under severe exposure conditions. This can result in several drawbacks such as concrete deterioration, reduced serviceability, increased maintenance costs, and reduced structural durability. To counter these issues, Fibre Reinforced Polymer bars have emerged as another possibility material for steel bars. FRP bars are anti-corrosive, have high tensile strength, weigh one-fourth of steel bars, and have a low thermal expansion coefficient similar to concrete. To enhance both load-carrying capacity and ductility, a combining steel bars and FRP bars has been effectively used because FRP bars are having brittle behaviour. This paper studies theoretical investigations of Reinforcement ratio when Fiber Reinforced Polymer bars and steel bars are used as reinforcement in Concrete beams with Af to As as 1 which balance both Flexural capacity and ductility.
A Comparative Study on Conventional and Superconducting Electrical Machines
Authors: Bobba Phaneendra Babu , Rani G. Sandhya , Goud Burra Sujan
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates the potential benefits of utilizing superconducting materials in machines. The project focuses on replacing the conventional copper windings with superconducting materials in a machine. The machine is modelled and simulated using ANSYS software, both with conventional copper windings and with superconducting windings. A 3.7kw and 11kw 3 phase Induction machines are simulated with YBCO material applied to stator and rotor windings. The results show that the use of superconducting materials in the machine windings can significantly reduce energy losses and improve machine efficiency by 1 to 10%. Overall, the study suggests that superconducting machines offer a promising avenue for improving energy efficiency and reducing operating costs.
Planning, scheduling, & allocation of resources for short-span bridge using Primavera P6
Authors: Gopal Bandi Sri Ram , Reddy V. Srinivasa , Rao M.V. Seshagri , Sujatha Thirumala , Alawadi Ahmed Hussien Raide , Anthwal Tushar
Published: June 2023

The paper states the advantages of web-based Primavera P6 for structural planning and scheduling Bridge building framing the problems and difficulties experienced in the construction schedule and resource availability. Only Bridge Design and Plannings taken for the project consideration. After the detail creation of Bill of Quantities of the proposed bridge. Here the Bridge consists of four spans only. Each Span is of 10.4 m length. Bridge is located at Yellareddy Tank Bund Portion, Nizamabad district (Hyderabad-Medak-Bodhan). The Resource Planning is the creation of Organization Breakdown Schedule (OBS) and Enterprise Project Structure (EPS) of the project and also to create Work Breakdown Schedule (WBS) and to insert the corresponding activities and schedule them on the basis of created calendar and need to level/smoothen the resources and make effective use of them. Organization Breakdown Schedule (OBS) and Enterprise Project Structure (EPS) of the project has been created Work Breakdown Schedule (WBS) and the corresponding activities are created and need to schedule their resources to activities on the basis of created calendar and need to level/smoothen the resources. Resource Scheduling involves the Scheduling of Project and Activity Network Diagram. Resource allocation enables you to allocate equipment, labor, and material expenditures to your timetable. The reports in Primavera P6 may be used to track resource allocation and potential over-allocation of labor resources.
Performance analysis of Ternary Adder and Ternary Multiplier without using Encoders and Decoders
Authors: C. Venkataiah , Y. Mallikarjuna Rao , Jayamma Manjula , M.K. Linga Murthy , M. Mahesh Kumar , Alzubaidi Laith H. , Pandey Akhilesh
Published: June 2023

This work presents comparison of ternary combinational digital circuits that reduce energy consumption in low-power VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) design. CNTFET and GNRFET-based ternary half adder (THA) and multiplier (TMUL) circuits has been designed using ternary unary operator circuits at 32nm technology node and implement two power supplies Vdd and Vdd/2 without using any ternary decoders, basic logic gates, or encoders to minimize the number of used transistors and improve the energy efficiency. The effect of CNTFET and GNRFET parametric variation with threshold voltage on performance metrics namely delay and power has been analyzed. Dependence of threshold voltage on the geometry of carbon nanotube and graphene nanoribbon makes it feasible to be used for ternary logic design. It is analyzed that CNTFET based circuits are energy efficient than the GNRFET- based circuits. It is also concluded that the CNTFET-based circuitshas less power-delay product (PDP) when compared to GNRFET- based circuits. CNTFET-based THA is 23.5% more efficient than GNRFET-based THA and CNTFET-based Tmul is97.8% more efficient than GNRFET-based Tmul.All the digital circuits have been simulated using HSPICE tool.
Sexualkundeunterricht per App? Knowbody stellt sich vor
Authors: Meyer Vanessa , Schuster Sophie Margo
Published: June 2023

Der vorliegende Praxisbeitrag setzt sich kritisch mit dem Status quo der aktuellen schulischen Sexualaufklärung auseinander. Als ein Lösungsansatz wird die App Knowbody vorgestellt. Die App deckt eine Vielfalt an relevanten Themen der Sexuellen Bildung ab und bereitet diese zeitgemäß multimedial und interaktiv auf. Knowbody kann von Lehrkräften live im Schulunterricht eingesetzt werden und bietet Schüler*innen zudem die Möglichkeit, eigenständig mit der App weiterzulernen. Der Beitrag informiert nicht nur über den Aufbau der App, sondern gibt auch Einblicke in ihre Entwicklung und Evaluation.
Assessment design issues in developing vertical scales for
language tests
Authors: Papageorgiou Spiros , Ginsburgh Mitchell J. , Gomez Pablo Garcia
Published: June 2023

To support decisions about readiness to take a test in the
TOEFL® Family of Assessments, a multi-year project was
launched in 2017 to explore the possibility of expressing scores across
multiple tests on a single, consistently interpreted scale by applying
vertical linking procedures. This chapter focuses on the assessment
design aspects of the vertical linking project. It describes the
selection of vertical linking items for listening and reading and the
development of test forms so that test taker responses could be
collected. The chapter also discusses examples of content analysis of
the vertical linking items flagged during the statistical analysis
described in Chapter 4. The
chapter concludes with implications for suites of language proficiency
tests regarding the selection of vertical linking items.
Literacy, transparency, and (mis)interpretations in communicating
with testing stakeholders
Authors: Baker Beverly
Published: June 2023

In this chapter, I reflect upon the common goal of the
contributors of this volume – as evident in its title – to enhance score
meaning for test users. I first discuss this goal related to concepts
such as language assessment literacy and transparency. Then I focus on
the score interpretation process itself. The contributions of this
volume arguably represent the first half of this process: the provision
of research outcomes and other information designed to make scores more
meaningful. The second half of the process begins with communication of
these research outcomes to the intended audience. I suggest a program of
research for this second half of the interpretation process to examine
whether this research information is taken up and understood as
intended.
Narrative writing from users-in-the-wild
Authors: Beigman Klebanov Beata
Published: June 2023

In this chapter, we discuss the use of DocuScope
as a computational tool for measuring ‘distances’ between corpora
representing different contexts of writing with partially
overlapping goals. In prior work (Beigman Klebanov et al., 2019) we found
that there is a quantifiable sense in which argumentative essays
written as part of higher ed coursework, argument essays written for
a high-stakes examination, and New York Times OpEds belong to the
same genre, as realized through a distribution of DocuScope
categories, even though the specifics of each context are different.
We extend this work in two ways: (a) we focus on
narrative writing, and (b) we explore DocuScope
as a basis for feedback to the writer about the
extent to which a draft shows a distribution of rhetorical
categories that is “close” to what one would expect for the target
genre. In particular, we consider essays submitted through an online
writing assistant tool Writing Mentor that are marked as narratives
by their authors – a designation that we attempt to verify using
DocuScope.
Understanding social justice features in statistics
writing
Authors: Oliveri Maria Elena , Randall Jennifer , Beck Mark , Poe Mya
Published: June 2023

In this chapter, we present a DocuScope case
study of undergraduate writing in two statistics courses, with
special attention to language use viewed through a social justice
lens. Our analysis reveals how language clusters can help us
understand the presence of academic terms, metadiscourse, and
reasoning patterns, across both courses and how these can be used to
leverage critical analysis. Based on our case study, we propose that
a social justice framework for language analysis holds the potential
to reformulate the rhetorical approach offered by DocuScope in ways
that can encourage fair and equitable language use.
Public policy research applications of DocuScope’s linguistic
taxonomy
Authors: Marcellino William
Published: June 2023

Computer scientists in natural language
processing (NLP) have focused on the lexical level of language: word
counts, ratios, distance, and context, and this attention to the
lexical level of language is well suited to semantic tasks as well
as syntactic analyses. Corpus linguists on the other hand have had a
broader focus, also accounting for the lexicogrammatical level of
language, and thus their approach is well-suited to pragmatic tasks.
DocuScope, with its linguistic taxonomy at the lexicogrammatical
level, is thus a unique and complementary tool for the data-driven
analysis of large collections of text, addressing the stance and
style choices pervasive in linguistic behavior. This chapter looks
at how DocuScope’s taxonomy has informed a range of problems in
public policy at the RAND Corporation. One section of the chapter
examines how the DocuScope taxonomy has been used as a statistical
tool to find patterns in text corpora, scaling up human qualitative
analysis into a mixed methods text analysis approach, for example
analyzing open text responses in a large survey of U.S. special
forces operators. The second section shows how the DocuScope
taxonomy has improved machine learning efforts, both in terms of
accuracy and interpretability, for example in detecting and
understanding conspiracy theory discourse over social media. This
chapter ultimately calls for humanistic knowledge as a valuable and
necessary complement to technical advances in data-centric
disciplines like NLP.
Be positive
Authors: Omizo Ryan M.
Published: June 2023

This chapter proposes a novel method that deploys
non-negative matrix factorization to extract topic models from
texts. This topic modeling process reveals how terms and DocuScope
Language Action Type Analysis (LATs) align, providing robust
information on what texts are about and how they are organized
rhetorically. Moreover, the non-negative nature of the topics means
that each derived topic can be viewed as a sum of topical features,
which can greatly ease the interpretive process. To elucidate and
benchmark this method, I apply it to a well-known 20
Newsgroups dataset and sample the results.
DocuScope Write & Audit as an early feedback machine in
genre-based writing
Authors: Geisler Cheryl
Published: June 2023

The recent addition of Write & Audit, to the
DocuScope family offers the promise of helping students revise their
own texts by providing early feedback before submitting a draft.
This potential is examined in the context of proposal writing, a
quintessential example of genre writing. Actual standards brought to
bear on students’ drafts were developed from a long-standing
proposal writing course and applied to a small, stratified sample of
proposals in the Michigan Corpus of Upper-level Student Papers
(MICUSP). Early feedback focused on the element of proposal themes
using Write & Audit’s analysis of topical progression and
information focus, and a template for early feedback was developed.
The strengths and limitations of Write & Audit as an early
feedback machine are examined with the conclusion that it may indeed
have the potential to provide early feedback to writers working in
specific genres, helping them to see what they have done and what
they might still want to do before turning in a draft.
From technical reporter to personal guide
Authors: Dreher Kira
Published: June 2023

Plain language summaries increasingly serve as a
strategy to make scientific research accessible to wide audiences.
However, authors often know little about plain language audiences or
their goals, so the rhetorical situation of this emerging genre
remains unstable and guidance for authors remains fraught. To better
understand these summaries, this chapter uses a DocuScope analysis
coupled with close reading to compare a corpus of 150 AGU/Wiley
Earth and Space journal abstracts with their plain language
counterparts. The study yields six areas of significant difference,
including less detailed information and more metadiscourse,
first-person references, and language of inquiry. These differences
collectively reveal the way authors rhetorically shift from the role
of technical reporter to personal guide to readers. The chapter
concludes with two recommendations for crafting and conceptualizing
plain language summaries.
Books for the Young by Caroline Hewins
Authors: Fitzsimmons Rebekah , Wu Gisele (Xinyu)
Published: June 2023

Children’s literature was formally distinguished
as a distinct category of literature during the Progressive Era in
the United States, largely through the work of professional “book
women” like children’s librarians, publishers, and teachers. This
chapter examines one of the first attempts to formalize a selection
of existing literature into a canon of children’s books, the 1882
pamphlet Books for the Young by Caroline M. Hewins.
While this booklist is widely acknowledged by children’s literature
scholars to be a major milestone in the formation of the field, the
actual texts that comprise the list are understudied. In this
chapter, we analyze the corpus of books named in this list by
applying rhetorical tagging and focusing on the subset of books
designated by Hewins for specific gendered readership (i.e. books
especially for boys and especially for girls). We argue that Hewins
assigns a narrower scope of text types to the category of books
girls will like, which sets a precedent for future gendering of
readership for the field of children’s literature well into the 20th
century.
A mathematical model of a twin-shaft parallel flow regenerative lime kiln
Authors: Jagnade Sujit A. , Nayak Saurabh K. , Korath Jose M. , Viswanathan Nurni N. , Abhale Prakash B.
Published: June 2023

Lime is an important flux used in the iron and steel-making processes. Tata Steel Jamshedpur uses a twin-shaft Parallel Flow Regenerative type kiln to calcine limestone. Previously, the kiln was operated based on the temperature measurement at only three locations. This led to suboptimal kiln performance and difficulty in maintaining lime quality. A thermal digital twin was developed using first principles to address these issues. A set of unsteady-state partial-differential equations representing the thermophysical phenomena is solved numerically using the finite volume method. The model was validated with the measured flue gas temperature and lime temperatures. The model is implemented online with the real-time operating parameters to estimate the temperature profile of solid and gas and the degree of conversion of limestone. This real-time visibility enables the operators to optimize the process and achieve lime conversion up to 94%, resulting in energy savings of 31.8 GJ/day and stable lime quality.
Vagus nerve stimulation using an endovascular electrode array
Authors: Nicolai Evan N , Larco Jorge Arturo , Madhani Sarosh I , Asirvatham Samuel J , Chang Su-youne , Ludwig Kip A , Savastano Luis E , Worrell Gregory A
Published: June 2023

Objective. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), which involves a surgical procedure to place electrodes directly on the vagus nerve (VN), is approved clinically for the treatment of epilepsy, depression, and to facilitate rehabilitation in stroke. VNS at surgically implanted electrodes is often limited by activation of motor nerve fibers near and within the VN that cause neck muscle contraction. In this study we investigated endovascular VNS that may allow activation of the VN at locations where the motor nerve fibers are not localized. Approach. We used endovascular electrodes within the nearby internal jugular vein (IJV) to electrically stimulate the VN while recording VN compound action potentials (CAPs) and neck muscle motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in an acute intraoperative swine experiment. Main Results. We show that the stimulation electrode position within the IJV is critical for efficient activation of the VN. We also demonstrate use of fluoroscopy (cone beam CT mode) and ultrasound to determine the position of the endovascular stimulation electrode with respect to the VN and IJV. At the most effective endovascular stimulation locations tested, thresholds for VN activation were several times higher than direct stimulation of the nerve using a cuff electrode; however, this work demonstrates the feasibility of VNS with endovascular electrodes and provides tools to optimize endovascular electrode positions for VNS. Significance. This work lays the foundation to develop endovascular VNS strategies to stimulate at VN locations that would be otherwise too invasive and at VN locations where structures such as motor nerve fibers do not exist.
Simulation of distribution dose on proton therapy for nasopharyngeal cancer with pencil beam active scanning method using MCNP6 software
Authors: Vika S , Utari  , Fuad A , Suharyana
Published: June 2023

The simulation about the scattered of dosage proton therapy on nasopharyngeal cancer was performed with a pencil beam active scanning method using MCNP6 software. The proton beam was using a monodirectional disk with a diameter of 0,5 cm. The source of radiation is directed to the cell of cancer which is in form of a cube consisting of 27 small cubicles sized 0,6 cm x 0,6 cm x 0,6 cm. The proton energy varied from 105 MeV to 110 MeV. From the simulation that had been done, the percentage of the dose received by healthy cells behind the cancer cells was 0%. Then, for irradiation with proton energy from 108 MeV to 110 MeV, the percentage of dose received by healthy cells was 0,01%, 0,57%, and 4,87%, respectively. So, from the results of this study known that the largest dose of radiation is distributed to the cells of nasopharyngeal cancer for all variations of the energy used.
Optimum radioactivity yield of Zirconium-89 radionuclide applicable for radioimmuno-PET imaging
Authors: Kambali I , Wibowo F A
Published: June 2023

Since Zirconium-89 (89Zr or Zr-89) decays by emitting positron with a half-life of 78.4 hours, it has been suggested as a diagnostic radioisotope for cancer. Normally, Zirconium-89 is generated by irradiating an enriched yttrium-89 (89Y or Y-89) target with protons via 89Y(p,n)89Zr nuclear reaction. Optimum proton energy employed to produce high Zr-89 yield and low radioactive impurities is required to be determined so that it meets the requirements for clinical use. In this work, a Y-89 target was bombarded with variable proton energies ranging from 11 to 30 MeV. The Zr-89 radioactivity yields dan radioactive impurity yields were calculated using the CalcuYield code, in which the proton beam current was set to be 1 μA while the target was bombarded for 1 hour. Based on the CalcuYield calculations, the radioactivity yield of Zr-89 produced by 11 MeV protons was 41.18 MBq/μAh, whereas the yield increased significantly to 166.76 MBq/μAh when the Y-89 target was bombarded with 30-MeV protons. The higher Zr-89 radioactivity yields also resulted in higher radioactive impurities, which could be of concern when applied to patients. By assuming that the radioactive impurities came from proton interactions with the Y-89 target, it was found that the 11 and 13 MeV proton-bombarded Y-89 target resulted in no radioactivity impurities. The radioactive impurities became significantly high when greater than 18 MeV protons were employed. These estimated results can be employed as a benchmark for the coming Zr-89 radionuclide generation applicable for radioimmuno-PET imaging.
Mapping absorption dose in proton therapy of lung cancer using MCNP-6 code
Authors: Riyatun  , Sabila AH , Weni AP , Darmanto
Published: June 2023

Simulations by the MCNP6 code for proton therapy succeeded in mapping the absorbed dose in lung cancer. Proton therapy simulation using active scanning method with 9 disc-shaped sources with a diameter of 0.4 cm. Mono directional beams to cancer cells at a depth of 7.9 – 9.4 cm from the skin, while the distance from the skin to the source is 14.35 cm. Cubic cancer cells measuring (1.5 x 1.5 x 1.5) cm3 were scanned by proton beams of 94 MeV and 104 MeV. The position of the largest absorbed dose of proton therapy is the position of the formation of the Bragg peak. Evaluation of the 94 MeV proton beam showed that the Bragg peak was at a depth of 7.65 cm, meaning in front of the cancer position. While in the 104 MeV beam, the Bragg peak is at a depth of 9.15 cm or is behind the position of the placed cancer. This dose is mapped on a cross-sectional graph of cancer cells so that an overview of the dose distribution is obtained in each part of the cancer cell. While the Bragg peak position from irradiation with an energy of 104 MeV fell on the back cancer cells or at a depth of 9.15 cm from the skin surface. From the position of the Bragg peak on the two irradiation energies, it can be concluded that these two energies have not given the optimum dose to cancer cells. We require irradiation with proton energy variations or setting the distance of the source in order to achieve a good isodose in cancer cells.
Revisiting the charmonium spectra within the non-relativistic framework using the Matrix Numerov method
Authors: Alam I S , Maywenson S B
Published: June 2023

Charmonium is a composite particle composed of charm and anti-charm quark. Studying spectroscopy on charmonium is one effort to understand the strong interactions. In this study, the mass spectrum of the charmonium is modeled within a non-relativistic framework. As a result, we can use the Schrödinger equation to describe the charmonium system. The results obtained with the non-relativistic framework are reasonable for charmonium because the charm mass is relatively large compared to the quark mass from the first generation. Potential energy for charmonium is composed of phenomenological potential, known as Cornell potential, and terms containing spin-spin interactions. We obtain various charmonium masses by solving the Schrödinger equation using the Matrix Numerov method. The parameters that appear in the potential are adjusted by comparing our calculation of charmonium masses with the data of the charmonium spectra from the particle data group (PDG). When we look at the PDG data, we can see that there are still many charmonia whose quantum numbers are unknown. The results from the model can then predict the quantum number of the charmonia.
Photoacoustic microscopy system for biological tissue imaging
Authors: Gustin Nurdialit Dwi , Mujtahid Anas Ahmad , Mitrayana Mitrayana
Published: June 2023

A photoacoustic microscopy system was created and examined for biological tissue. Characterization of microphone, laser, and motor stepper was done to get the most appropriate setting for the system. The object table is set in a static state in the scanning process while the radiation sources and detector move in the X-Y direction. The hardware components in this system consist of photoacoustic signal generation components, mechanical components, and photoacoustic signal detection components. The hardware components are integrated and controlled by the computer through the Raspberry-pi microcomputer software. The characterization results of the photoacoustic image system obtained the optimum system setting for detecting biological tissue, namely the frequency of the diode laser in the range of 19 kHz with a duty cycle of 30%, with a minimum motor shift of 0.2 mm. This system can image the same biological tissue as the original sample with good image contrast. The smallest sample that can be scanned is 0.75 mm. The photoacoustic penetration depth is 0.5 mm.
Design and realization of a mobile-automatic calibration system for ventilator testers: oxygen concentration
Authors: Samodro R A , Ginanjar G , Prihhapso Y , Azzumar M , Hafid  , Bakti A N , Hidayat S W , Ardiatna W. , Budiman H.
Published: June 2023

Ventilators have a vital role in supplying oxygen to the patients experiencing respiratory failure and ensuring the patient’s oxygen saturation to levels above 50% continuously. Therefore, the accuracy of oxygen concentration measurement becomes very important to assure patient safety obtained by testing the ventilator against a ventilator tester. Testing and calibration laboratory use a ventilator tester for routine calibration of health facilities as well as performance and clinical testing for emergency ventilators that developed massively these days. A mobile-ventilator tester calibration system for oxygen levels, especially for concentrations of 30%, 60%, and 90% according to SNI ISO 80601-2-12:2020, is being developed. This calibration system is designed to operate automatically based on Laboratory virtual instruments engineering workbench (LabVIEW) to control the instrumentation system and perform data acquisition of (oxygen concentration) readings. Three concentrations of oxygen gas reference are stored each on 2 L gas reservoirs to ease the mobilization of the system to testing and calibration laboratory. Hopefully, the traceability to International System of Units (SI) for the ventilator tester can be realized with this calibration system, thus can improve the quality of health services and increase the competitiveness of nationally produced medical devices. Although some improvements are required, the prototype of the calibrator works appropriately as intended.
Decomposition and characterization of bio-oil from coconut shell waste for bio-coke hybrid application as alternative energy resources
Authors: Jahiding M , Mashuni Mashuni , Hasan Erzam S , Aba La , Purnamasari F S , Milen Yuke
Published: June 2023

Bioenergy sources continue to be developed to solve environmental problems due to agricultural biomass waste and alternative energy sources. Bioenergy from biomass raw materials through the pyrolysis method is a thermochemical conversion technology that produces bio-oil and bio-char. The conversion process of coconut shell (CS) biomass with a size of 60 mesh at a temperature of 500-700°C without adding a catalyst. The results showed that the optimum decomposition process occurred at a temperature of 700°C. Based on the GC-MS analysis of bio-oil from CS, the compound consisting of 58.18% phenol, 18.86% 2.6 dimethoxy-phenol, 1.35% 1-(acetyloxy)-2-propanone, 6.57% 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxytoluene and 2.55% 4-ethyl-2,6-methoxy-phenol was obtained. While the SEM-EDS characterization of bio-char contains the main constituent elements, including 94.37% carbon and minor elements consisting of 5.50% oxygen, 0.09% sodium and 0.05% chlorine. Comprehensive analysis shows that pyrolysis is an efficient and sustainable method for converting CS biomass into material for hybrid bio-coke applications as an alternative renewable energy source.
The implementation of well logging method, geochemical analysis, and seismic method to determine source rock potentials at field “X”, Northeast Java Basin
Authors: Dewanto Ordas , Catur Wibowo Rahmat , Darsono  , Claudia Eka Putri Aryka
Published: June 2023

East Java is an area with the potential to produce oil and gas. Oil and gas are hydrocarbon mix produced from the subsurface, sourced from matured organic materials, and migrated to be drilled to be produced into oil and gas. The methods to explore oil and gas are well logging and seismic methods. Combining both methods can obtain vertical and horizontal subsurface information. The study was performed by analyzing secondary data processing results of wells, seismic data, and ko chemistry data. Geochemical data were used to analyze source rock potentials in the study area. Source rock is rock containing organic materials to produce hydrocarbons. Therefore, this study aimed to determine source rock potentials. Using the three methods, it concludes that Field “X” as the study site in the northeast Java, can produce hydrocarbons on the northwest region of the study area because the source rock zone at Field “X” has a 3.87% TOC with type II kerogen. Although the source rock is immature, it can produce oil and gas.
Robust eVTOL trajectory optimization under uncertainties – Challenges and approaches
Authors: Akman T , Schweighofer F , Afonso R J M , Ben-Asher J Z , Holzapfel F
Published: June 2023

In the paper at hand an overview of the problem of eVTOL trajectory optimization by means of optimal control methods is given. Especially the question of how to robustly optimize trajectories under uncertainties is discussed. The inherent instability of typical eVTOL configurations in hover and transition represents a significant challenge for robust trajectory optimization. We pinpoint specific arising issues and survey potential solutions.
Solving an optimal control problem of complex heat transfer using machine learning methods
Authors: Kuznetsov K S , Amosova E V , Yu Chebotarev A
Published: June 2023

The problems of the non-stationary complex heat transfer have been considered in the work. An optimization algorithm based on machine learning methods has been proposed. The algorithm uses a neural network trained on a dataset of numerical experiments to predict the value of a chosen quality functional. Dual annealing method has been used to minimize neural network prediction function while varying boundary parameters. The obtained results are verified by comparison with numerical experiments.