bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endorectal Local Advancement Flap in Treating Rectovaginal Fistula-Our Experience in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
Authors: Sheikh Md Shahadot Hossain , Faruk Md Omar , Begum Farhana , Parvin Mst Maksuda , Rahma Md Rayhanur , Khan Tariq Akhtar , Lima Lsmat Jahan
Published: February 2020

Background: Rectovaginal fistula is abnormal epithelial-lined connections between the rectum and vagina. Rectovaginal fistula represents an often devastating condition in patients and a challenge for surgeons. Successful management of this condition must take into account a variety of variables including the etiology, size, and location of the fistula. Repair options include advancement flaps, plugs, fistula ligation, and tissue interposition.

Method: We treated five cases of low rectovagianl fistula by endorectal local advancement flap in Colorectal Surgery Unit of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University between January 2011 to January 2014. Aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of Endorectal local advancement flap in terms of cure, recurrence or failure in the management of rectovaginal fistula.

Result: Out of five, four patients had rectovaginal fistula due to obstetric cause, one was post-surgical. One patient developed partial flap necrosis. The patient was managed by conservative means. Post-operative hospital stay was 5 days (range 4 -7 days). All patients achieved complete healing after the procedure.

Conclusion: Rectovaginal fistula repair by endorectal local advancement flap should be part of the armamentarium of colorectal surgeons for treating persistent rectovaginal fistula.

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2014) Vol. 18 (2) : 62-66
Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissure
Authors: Tarique Abdullah Al , Alam Md Manjur
Published: February 2020

Chronic anal fissure is a non healing ulcer in the anoderm appearing as a painful tear below the dentate line. There are debates about the efficacy of different treatment options for chronic anal fissure. This review aims to evaluate existing and newer treatment modalities. Aspects of chronic anal fissure aetiology and pathogenesis are also reviewed. Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) ointment, Diltiazem ointment can be used as first line and Botulinum toxin (BTX) injection as second line pharmacological treatment. The effects of these chemicals are not permanent with higher fissure recurrence rates. Lateral internal sphincterotomy is the operative treatment of choice for fissures with high anal tone. Flap anoplasty should be done for fissures with normal anal tone especially in female patients. Both surgical procedures can be used as primary treatment option. The newer treatment options like gonyautoxin, controlled balloon anal dilatation, closed anal spand fissurotomy need more research. Perineal support device can be used as an adjunct to other treatment modalities.

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2015) Vol. 19 (2) : 67-71
Idiopathic Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis: Abdominal Cocoon in a 50 year old male
Authors: Akther SM Quamrul , Rahman Md Mamunur , Hoque Mozammel , Reza Syed Masud , Islam Sharmin , Rabbani Md Golam
Published: February 2020

Idiopathic Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis (or abdominal cocoon) is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction, especially in adult population. Diagnosis is usually incidental at laparotomy. We report one such rare case, outlining the fact that an intra-operative surprise diagnosis could have been facilitated by previous investigations.

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2015) Vol. 19 (2) : 75-79
Retroperitoneal Leiomyoma
Authors: Ashaduzzaman Abu Taher Md , Jamal Abm , Khan Md Aminul Islam , Saha Haridas
Published: February 2020

Leiomyoma is a common benign condition for which many hysterectomies are performed everyyear. Leiomyomas found retroperitoneally are a rare entity, especially primary. We report herea case of 44-year-old, para 5+0 who presented with mass in the abdomen and lower abdominalpain. CT- scan shows a huge retroperitoneal soft tissue mass. The mass was removedcompletely. Histopathological findings were consistent with leiomyoma. Retroperitonealleiomyoma is a rare neoplasm and treatment is surgical removal.

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2016) Vol. 20 (1) : 26-28
Bile Duct Injury during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Risk Factors, Mechanism and Prevention
Authors: Akbar Md Ali
Published: February 2020

Abstract not available

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2016) Vol. 20 (2) :35-36
Primary Tuberculous Mastitis
Authors: Laila Rupsha Nura , Banu Shahanaz , Raihan Jamil
Published: February 2020

Background: Tuberculous mastitis is a rare entity in patients with mammary diseaseeven in countries where incidence of tuberculosis is high. In Bangladesh, TB is anendemic disease but breast tuberculosis is rarely reported. Its clinical patterns andtreatment strategies are changing day by day.

Objective: To analyze the clinical presentations , diagnosis and treatment of tuberculousmastitis

Methods: This is a prospective nonrandomized descriptive study to analyze clinicalpresentations, diagnosis and treatment of hundred (100) cases received care for tuberculousmastitis at the Chest Disease Hospital, Rajshahi, from July' 2012 to July' 2016.Diagnosis was made in all patients by cytological examination from suspected lesions,which revealed typical tuberculous lesions. Patient with some atypical presentationsand doubts in the diagnosis needed histopathological examination and Gene x-pert testto exclude idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and concomitant malignancy.

Results: Most of the patients were within reproductive age. The disease affecting theright breast in fifty six patients (56%), left breast in forty three patients (43%) andbilateral in one patient (1%). Palpable lump were present in eighteen patients (18%),chronic discharging sinus with or without lump in thirty four (34%) and breast abscesswith or without discharging sinus in eighteen patients (18%),recent abscess drainagescar with lump in thirty patients(30).Medical therapy with anti-tubercular drugs ranging from 9 to 12 months with follow upmonthly was the mainstay of treatment. Surgical intervention reserved for selectedrefractory cases. Extension of anti-tubercular therapy from 9 to 12 or 18 monthsrequired in fifty-eight(58) patients on the basis of slow clinical response. Completeresolution obtained in 92 patients but residual tiny mass in eight patients confirmed byrepeated FNAC to be fibrotic.

Conclusion: Treatment is simple but high index of suspicion is the cornerstone fordiagnosis.

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2017) Vol. 21 (1) :19-23
Early Appendicectomy in Appendicular Mass- Review of Literature
Authors: Ali Mohammad , Jahan Kazi lsrat
Published: February 2020

The management of appendicular mass is a matter of controversy. Traditional management hasbeen conservative, with interval appendicectomy performed weeks after the mass had resolved.The need for interval appendicectomy (I.A) after successful conservative management of appendicularmass has recently been questioned. Furthermore, emergency appendicectomy for appendicularmass is increasingly performed with equal success and safety to that performed in nonmassforming acute appendicitis. The routine adoption of emergency appendicectomy in patientspresenting with appendicular mass obviates the need for a second admission and an operation forI.A. It also abolishes misdiagnoses and deals promptly with any unexpected ileo-cecal pathology.Early emergency appendicectomy is becoming the standard of care for appendicular mass.

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2017) Vol. 21 (1) :33-35
Comparative Study of Saline Sono Salpingography (SSG) and Laparoscopy with Chromopertubation in Evaluation of Tubal Patency
Authors: Ghani Afroza , Ila Israt Jahan , Tasmin Khandaker Shehneela , Zakaria Rooh E , Ferdows Jannat Ara , Sultana Nasrin , Sultana Jesmin
Published: February 2020

Background In the field of infertility, tubal factor has a great role. So the assessment of tubal patency belongs to the initial diagnostic tests in the work-up of an infertile woman. During the past few years, sonosalpingography has been suggested as the firstline method to study tubal patency. This comparative study of transvaginal saline SSG to the gold standard method of diagnostic laparoscopy with chromopertubation was performed for the assessment of tubal patency in infertile women.

Methods At first thirty-four patients suffering from primary or secondary infertility were evaluated for tubal patency with sonosalpingography using a pediatric Foley urinary catheter using saline solution as a contrast medium. The uterine tubes were evaluated. One patient conceived and two patients denied before the scheduled laparoscopy. Ultimately they were excluded from the study. In the study, finally 31 patients were enrolled and the results of SSG were compared to the findings of laparoscopy and chromotubation performed independently.

Results The findings of both methods agreed in 26 out of 31 tubes (concordance, 93.5%). The sensitivity of sonosalpingography in diagnosing tubal patency was 96.2% and the specifcity 80%. The positive predictive value for tubal patency by sonosalpingography was 96.29% and the negative predictive value 80%. Adverse events of sonosalpingography included mild abdominal pain in some patient. No infectious complications were recorded.

Conclusions The results confirm that sonosalpingography using saline as a contrast medium is a reliable, simple and well-tolerated method to assess tubal patency in an outpatient setting. In addition, the procedure can be performed without prophylactic antibiotics.

J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2019, Vol.11(1); 52-58
Thirty Year Old Female Presented with Nipple Destruction: A Case Report
Authors: Rahman Md Mustafizur , Ahmed Nadim , Ahmad Sami , Alam Shoaeb Imtiaz , Hassan Mohammad Rashedul , Islam Mansurul , Hasan ASM Farhad Ul
Published: February 2020

Paget’s disease of the breast is a rare type of cancer of the nipple–areola complex and that is often associated with an underlying in situ or invasive carcinoma. It is often misdiagnosed as eczema of breast and treatment is delayed. Here we present a case where a 30 year old female presented with itching ulceration and destruction of her left nipple. She was treated initially by local physicians by applying local ointments but as her condition did not improve she was admitted to department of surgery Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College hospital where she was diagnosed as Paget’s disease with infiltrating ductal cell carcinoma. She underwent modified radical mastectomy with axillary clearance and referred to oncology department for further management.

J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2019, Vol.11(1); 81-83
Pattern of Cutaneous Dermatoses in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Hospital: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Akhter Mahfuza , Bhuiyan Ishrat , Akter Zubaida , Hossain Homayra Tahseen , Mowla Syed Ghulam Mogni
Published: February 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to be a major public health problem. Multiple factors have a role in the skin manifestations of DM. Cutaneous manifestations of DM are very important to the clinician.

Methods: Current study was carried out in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Shaheed Suhrawrdy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, spanning from 1st January 2017 till 30th June 2017 over a period of six months. Adult patients already diagnosed to be suffering from type 2 DM presenting with cutaneous manifestations were included in the study.

Results: Majority (68.0%) patients had diabetes >5 years, 16.7% had < 1 year and 15.3% had 1-5 years. Family history of DM was found in 70.7% in this study. In this study bacterial infection and fungal infection were more common in female patients (60.0% vs 62.0% respectively). Regarding types of dermatoses, fungal infection was more common in this study 50(33.3%). Others were bacterial infection 20(13.3%), viral infection 7(4.7%) and parasitic infection 7(4.7%). Papulo squamous disease was found 31(20.7%) patients, other diseases were 32(21.3%).Viral infection was more in male patients (71.4%). Parasitic infection was high in female patients 6(85.7%). Papulo squamous diseases was found 21(67.7%) in female patients.

Conclusion: In this study fungal infection, bacterial infection, viral infection and parasitic infections were found to be the more common cutaneous dermatoses among adult diabetic patients. Bacterial infection and fungal infection were more common in female patients.

TAJ 2018; 31(1): 21-28
Adaptive Management of the Quality of Professional Staff Activity
Authors: Yelnykova G.Vas. , Bliznichenko G.
Published: February 2020

The article deals with the attempt to show the modern society changes actualize the problem of finding optimal ways of managing the staff of enterprises. The analysis to the basic approaches of adaptive management is presented. Adaptation is being considered as the interaction of an individual or social group with the social environment. Most modern organizations fall short of standards of modern management systems for their ability to change quickly. The conclusion is made that increasing the level of adaptation of staff to new conditions has a positive impact on the attitude of the staff to their work. At the same time, increasing the level of staff adaptation to new conditions has a positive effect on the return of staff to the enterprise. As a result of the analysis, the author reveals possible ways to move the company to a higher stage in the market through the efficient work of staff, which is traced through the system of adaptive management.

The article discusses the conditions and examples of flexible management. The main condition is staff motivation. In private organizations and firms, material motivation is used. This is a bonus, an internal loan, a payment during the year of part of the profits provided by the employees of the firm. In addition, attention is paid to intangible incentives, which enables staff to feel like a professional, to gain social recognition, to increase their professional competence, and so on.

Japanese companies treat employees as family members, create a supportive environment, confidence in the future, a positive working climate, employee involvement in managerial decisions, and others.

Adaptive management involves periodic measurement of the quality of staff for conscious self-development and self-organization, aimed at improving the quality of staff through their involvement in management processes.
Problems and Trends of the Development of Labor Market in Ukraine
Authors: Сhernyayeva, Elena
Published: February 2020

The article discusses mechanisms and models of state regulation of the labor market in Ukraine. The system of relations in the labor market is one of the most urgent directions of the socio-economic link of the state. The greatest influence on a state and dynamics of development of labor market provide socio-economic factors. The purpose of article is the research and assessment of the Ukrainian labor market, determine the socio-economic conditions for its development. It was noted not high position in a number of international rankings, a much higher level of remuneration in European countries than in Ukraine in recent years. It was analyzed the tendencies of labor migration of Ukrainian citizens under the conditions of European integration. Key problems in the development of the labor market in Ukraine include: low level of unemployment regulation, lack of clear structure of the labor market, insufficient number of jobs, lack of mechanisms for regulating the labor market, etc. It was investigated the main foreign models of regulation of employment and the labor market. It was considered the creation of a migration labor exchange to solve the problems of employment of Ukrainian citizens abroad. The implementation of this program will bring back into the labor market able-bodied unemployed citizens who already long time cannot find work in Ukraine and reduce the abuse associated with the shadow economy that does not declare their income. It was established that the effectiveness of solving the problems of the labor market and employment are substantially caused by state regulation. There are given the main directions of ensuring the efficiency of state management of the labor market of Ukraine on the basis of the conducted research of problems and tendencies of development, foreign experience. The directions include flexible employment policies at the national and regional levels, improving the system of continuing vocational education, creating appropriate legislation, promoting the development of the national economy and legalizing shadow employment.
Disproportions and Bottlenecks in Combined Production Flows of Metallurgical Manufacturing
Authors: Stepanova Olena Vol.
Published: February 2020

World experience testifies the existence of significant disproportionate conditions for the functioning and development of the state, regions and enterprises. Disproportionality is observed in economic, social, environmental and other directions of development. The existence of significant disproportionate conditions for development indicates that existing opportunities are not being fully utilized. The subject of the study of this work is the internal production disparities of the enterprise as the main element of the economy. The purpose of the article is to improve the method of estimating the disproportionality of functioning and development of the enterprise in the conditions of combined production flows of metallurgical production. Achieving this goal requires implementation the following tasks: analysis of theoretical principles and methods of estimating the disproportionate functioning and development of enterprises and its subdivisions; analysis of theoretical positions for determining bottlenecks in combined production flows of metallurgical production; selection of baseline data to evaluate the disproportionate functioning and development of the enterprise. There is a need to create optimal proportions between the productivity of the main units (blast furnaces and furnaces, converters, rolling mills) and throughput capacity of the auxiliary and service workplaces, as well as between the production departments of the enterprise. The classification of disproportions is proposed. It is determined that there are the following in-house imbalances of production capacity and capacity of equipment: factory, inter-department, department and site. The analysis of bottlenecks in combined production flows of metallurgical production is carried out. Bottlenecks in combined production flows are classified into local, nodal, and through. The disproportionality factor is inversely proportional to the proportionality factor and is calculated as the ratio of the maximum value of the indicator to the minimum value.

As an example, the calculation of the coefficients of, inter-department and site disproportionality. The results of this study develop and complement the theoretical principles of economics and organization of production regarding the proportional functioning and development of enterprises.
Epizootics of epizootic ulcerative syndrome among estuarine fishes of Kerala, India, under post-flood conditions
Authors: Sumithra TG , Kumar TVA , Swaminathan TR , Anusree VN , Amala PV , Reshma KJ , Kishor TG , Ratheesh Kumar R , Sharma SRK , Kripa V , Prema D , Sanil NK
Published: February 2020

Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), primarily caused by the water moldAphanomyces invadans,is an OIE-notifiable disease, having potential impacts on fisheries. We report EUS epizootics among estuarine fishes of Kerala, India, during 2018, under post-flood conditions 3 decades after its primary outbreak. Six fish species (Mugil cephalus,Platycephalussp.,Scatophagus argus, Ariussp.,Planiliza macrolepisandEpinephelus malabaricus) were infected, including the first confirmed natural case inE. malabaricusandP. macrolepis. Salinity, surface temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH of resident water during the epizootic were <2 ppt, 25°C, 4.1 ppm and 7.0. The presence of zoonotic bacterial pathogens (Aeromonas veronii,Shewanella putrefaciens,Vibrio vulnificusandV. parahaemolyticus) in tissues of affected fish indicates that EUS-infected fish may pose a public health hazard if not handled properly. Lack of clinical evidence in the region during the last 3 decades, a high number of affected fishes, including 2 new fish species, the severity of skin lesions and very low water salinity (<2 ppt) during the outbreak in contrast to historical water salinity records suggest relatively recent invasion byA. invadans. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene showed that the same clone of pathogen has spread across different continents regardless of fish species and ecotypes (fresh/estuarine environments). Altogether, the present study provides baseline data which can be applied in EUS management strategies within brackish-water ecosystems. We recommend strict surveillance and development of sound biosecurity measures against the disease.
Seçilmiş OECD Ülkelerinde Sağlık Harcamalarının Sürdürülebilirliğinin Panel Birim Kök Testleri İle Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: GENÇOĞLU Pelin , KUŞKAYA Sevda , BÜYÜKNALBANT Türkan
Published: February 2020

Birçok ülkenin öncelikli hedeflerinden biri, sosyal refah devleti anlayışıyla ekonomik kalkınmanın istenilen seviyeye getirilmesidir. Sağlık hem ekonomik kalkınma hem de sosyal refah anlayışında önemli bir konuma sahiptir. Bu nedenle ülkeler açısından, sağlık alanında yapılacak harcamaların miktarı ve bunun sürdürülebilirliği de önem kazanmaktadır. Çalışmada, 21 OECD ülkesinin kişi başına cari sağlık harcamalarının sürdürülebilirliği, 1975- 2017 dönemi dikkate alınarak ikinci nesil panel birim kök testleriyle araştırılmıştır. Sağlık harcamalarının sürdürülebilir olup olmadığını araştırmak amacıyla yapılan CADF ve Hadri- Kurozumi testi sonuçlarına göre sağlık harcamalarının seçilen ülke grubu için sürdürülebilir olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. SURADF analizi diğerlerinden farklı olarak, her bir ülke için ayrı ayrı sürdürülebilirliği de tespit etmektedir. Bu sonuçlara göre, sağlık harcamalarının Avusturya ve Kanada dışındaki 19 OECD ülkesinde durağan yani sürdürülebilir olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca 21 OECD ülkesinin sağlık harcamalarının CADF ve Hadri-Kurozumi testi sonuçlarını destekler nitelikte ülke grubunda bir bütün olarak sürdürülebilir olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, ülkelerin sağlık harcamaları miktarlarının sürdürülebilirlik açısından sorun yaratmayacak nitelikte olduğunu işaret etmektedir.
Modified Migrating Birds Optimization for Energy-Aware Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem
Authors: Li Hongchan , Zhu Haodong , Jiang Tianhua
Published: February 2020

In recent decades, workshop scheduling has excessively focused on time-related indicators, while ignoring environmental metrics. With the advent of sustainable manufacturing, the energy-aware scheduling problem has been attracting more and more attention from scholars and researchers. In this study, we investigate an energy-aware flexible job shop scheduling problem to reduce the total energy consumption in the workshop. For the considered problem, the energy consumption model is first built to formulate the energy consumption, such as processing energy consumption, idle energy consumption, setup energy consumption and common energy consumption. Then, a mathematical model is established with the criterion to minimize the total energy consumption. Secondly, a modified migrating birds optimization (MMBO) algorithm is proposed to solve the model. In the proposed MMBO, a population initialization scheme is presented to ensure the initial solutions with a certain quality and diversity. Five neighborhood structures are employed to create neighborhood solutions according to the characteristics of the problem. Furthermore, both a local search method and an aging-based re-initialization mechanism are developed to avoid premature convergence. Finally, the experimental results validate that the proposed algorithm is effective for the problem under study.
FADIT: Fast Document Image Thresholding
Authors: Min Yufang , Zhang Yaonan
Published: February 2020

We propose a fast document image thresholding method (FADIT) and evaluations of the two classic methods for demonstrating the effectiveness of FADIT. We put forward two assumptions: (1) the probability of the occurrence of grayscale text and background is ideally two constants, and (2) a pixel with a low grayscale has a high probability of being classified as text and a pixel with a high grayscale has a high probability of being classified as background. With the two assumptions, a new criterion function is applied to document image thresholding in the Bayesian framework. The effectiveness of the method has been borne of a quantitative metric as well as qualitative comparisons with the state-of-the-art methods.
Operational Feasibility Analysis of the Multimodal Controller Working Position “TriControl”
Authors: Ohneiser Oliver , Biella Marcus , Schmugler Axel , Wallace Matt
Published: February 2020

Current Air Traffic Controller working positions (CWPs) are reaching their capacity owing to increasing levels of air traffic. The multimodal CWP prototype TriControl combines automatic speech recognition, multitouch gestures, and eye-tracking, aiming for more natural and improved human interaction with air traffic control systems. However, the prototype has not yet undergone systematic evaluation with respect to feasibility. This paper evaluates the operational feasibility, focusing on the system usability of the approach CWP TriControl and its fulfillment of operational requirements. Fourteen controllers took part in a simulation study to evaluate the TriControl concept. The active approach controllers among the group of participants served as the main core target subgroup. The ratings of all controllers in the TriControl assessment were, on average, generally in slight agreement, with just a few showing statistical significance. However, the active approach controllers performed better and rated the system much more positively. The active approach controllers were strongly positive regarding the system usability and acceptance of this early-stage prototype. Particularly, ease of use, user-friendliness, and learnability were perceived very positively. Overall, they were also satisfied with the command input procedure, and would use it for their daily work. Thus, the participating controllers encourage further enhancements to be made to TriControl.
Go-Around Detection Using Crowd-Sourced ADS-B Position Data
Authors: Proud Simon Richard
Published: February 2020

The decision of a flight crew to undertake a go-around, aborting a landing attempt, is primarily to ensure the safe conduct of a flight. Although go-arounds are rare, they do cause air traffic disruption, especially in busy airspace, due to the need to accommodate an aircraft in an unusual position, and a go-around can also result in knock-on delays due to the time taken for the aircraft to re-position, fit into the landing sequence and execute a successful landing. Therefore, it is important to understand and alleviate the factors that can result in a go-around. In this paper, I present a new method for automatically detecting go-around events in aircraft position data, such as that sent via the ADS-B system, and apply the method to one year of approach data for Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (VABB) in Mumbai, India. I show that the method is significantly more accurate than other methods, detecting go-arounds with very few false positives or negatives. Finally, I use the new method to reveal that while there is no one cause for go-arounds at this airport, the majority can be attributed to weather and/or an unstable approach. I also show that one runway (14/32) has a significantly higher proportion of go-arounds than the other (09/27).
Organic Cropping System Affects Grain Chemical Composition, Rheological and Agronomic Performance of Durum Wheat
Authors: Pandino Gaetano , Mattiolo Emanuela , Lombardo Sara , Lombardo Grazia Maria , Mauromicale Giovanni
Published: February 2020

Durum wheat plays a central role for Italy, a country characterized by an historical tradition of pasta making. This crop is one of the major sources of starch in the Mediterranean diet, also providing substantial amounts of nutrients, either essential or healthy, such as minerals and phytochemicals. In this study, the effect of cropping system (organic (ORG) and conventional (CONV)) on the content of proteins, wet gluten, minerals, and total polyphenols (TPC), as well as on the antioxidant activity (AA) and yield characteristics were evaluated in nine genotypes of whole durum wheat. The analysis of variance confirmed the key role of cropping system, which explained more than 50% of the total variation for some minerals (Na, K, and Fe), and more than 80% for proteins, wet gluten, and TPC. The CONV reported the highest levels of proteins, wet gluten, and ash, whereas the TPC and AA were statistically higher in the ORG ones. The quality traits under study were also genotype dependent. For instance, ‘Ramirez’ had a higher ash content under ORG than CONV, while ‘Core’ had an opposite behavior. This study provides a better understanding about the effect of both cropping system (ORG vs. CONV) and genotype on the yield and qualitative traits of the whole grain durum wheat.
Geoaccumulation and Ecological Risk Indexes in Papaya Cultivation Due to the Presence of Trace Metals
Authors: Amaro-Espejo Isabel Araceli , Castañeda-Chávez María del Refugio , Murguía-González Joaquín , Lango-Reynoso Fabiola , Bañuelos-Hernández Karina Patricia , Galindo-Tovar María Elena
Published: February 2020

The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of heavy metals on Maradol papaya cultivation soil, through the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and the ecological potential risk index (RI). Soil samples from 15 locations in the Cotaxtla municipality of Veracruz, Mexico were tested for pH, soil texture, and concentrations of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and organic matter (MO). The pH varied between values of 5.5 ± 0.10 and 7.7 ± 0.22, while the MO varied from 1.57% ± 0.97% to 13.1% ± 1.342%. The type of soil texture represented 48% sandy loam, 40% loam, 8% clay loam, and 4% silt-loam. For heavy metals, average levels were found in the following order Cr (0.695 ± 0.018) > Zn (0.615 ± 0.016) > Pb (0.323 ± 0.012) > Cu (0.983 ± 0.011) > Cd (0.196 ± 0.011) mg kg−1. The Igeo values from 96% of the analyzed sampling points were below zero and were considered uncontaminated. The other 4% of samples, from the Potrerillo1 (PT) site, had Igeo values of 1.13, where the highest concentration of Cd was found, which indicates moderate contamination levels. The RI index at the PT site was in the category of moderate contamination, and the rest of the points correspond to the category of low pollution.
The Effect of Various Tillage Systems on Productivity of Narrow-Leaved Lupin-Winter Wheat-Winter Triticale-Winter Barley Rotation
Authors: Panasiewicz Katarzyna , Faligowska Agnieszka , Szymańska Grażyna , Szukała Jerzy , Ratajczak Karolina , Sulewska Hanna
Published: February 2020

Legumes are increasingly important crops in most European Union (EU) countries because of the growing demand for feed protein, and also because they have been shown to improve the characteristics of soil. The main part of the crop rotation is taken up by cereals, but they are connected with undesirable side effects, such as the unilateral utilization of ingredients and the heightened risk of plant diseases, e.g., Fusarium. Simplification of farming methods has become increasingly popular as growers search for cheaper production technologies. However, the effects of long-term simplification in tillage practices on the production and economics of narrow-leafed lupine (NL) cultivation have not been studied. In 2012–2016, we carried out a field experiment in Poland with a one-factorial design with four replications. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the productivity effect of conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and no-tillage (NT) on NL-winter wheat (WW)-winter triticale (WT)-winter barley (WB), rotation. Our results show that the productivity of this crop rotation was lower under RT and NT systems than under CT. From a practical point of view, the reduction of cultivation in rotation with 75% of cereals caused a decrease in yield in all species, which can result in resign of using the RT and NT in conditions of Albic Luvisols soil, as classified according to the World Reference Base (WRB). The highest incomes were found when the CT system was used with NL. Although income losses exceeded the value of savings in both minimalized soil tillage systems (RT and NT), all tillage systems of NL were profitable.
Morphological Diversity and Bioactive Compounds in Wall Rocket (Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC.)
Authors: Guijarro-Real Carla , Prohens Jaime , Rodríguez-Burruezo Adrián , Fita Ana
Published: February 2020

Wall rocket is a wild vegetable with interest to become a crop. However, the information regarding morphological variability in the species is scarce, despite the interest it has received for breeding programs. In addition, evaluating the phytochemical composition can also be useful for developing materials of a high quality. In this study, forty-four populations were evaluated for selected morphoagronomic traits and contents in ascorbic acid (AA), total phenolics (TP), and nitrates (NO3−). Wall rocket plants had, on average, an intermediate growth habit and a good response to transplant. Moderate variability, mainly for size-related traits, was found, with low to moderate heritability estimates (H2 < 0.35). A Principal Component Analysis revealed that some materials may be selected for differenced traits. On the other hand, wall rocket materials had, on average, high contents in AA (53 mg 100 g−1) and TP (116 mg CAE 100 g−1) but also accumulated high levels of NO3− (891 mg 100 g−1). Significant positive correlations were found for AA and TP, which could be exploited for increasing the antioxidant activity and properties of the final product. We provide new information on the variation of wall rocket for traits of morphological and phytochemical interest, which together with other traits, such as the profile of glucosinolates, can be useful for the selection of materials in future breeding programs.
Initial Development of Corn Seedlings after Seed Priming with Nanoscale Synthetic Zinc Oxide
Authors: Esper Neto Michel , Britt David W. , Lara Lorena Moreira , Cartwright Anthony , dos Santos Rayssa Fernanda , Inoue Tadeu Takeyoshi , Batista Marcelo Augusto
Published: February 2020

Nanofertilizers are increasingly explored for sustainable micronutrient delivery in agriculture. Pre-treating seeds with nanofertilizers prior to planting (i.e., seed priming) reduces concerns about nanoparticle (NP) fertilizer non-target dispersion; however, priming formulations and concentrations must be carefully selected to avoid germination inhibition and toxicity. Here we investigate changes in corn seed germination and seedling development after seed priming with ZnO NPs, ZnO bulk and ZnCl2. To evaluate the effects sterile seeds were immersed in priming solutions of 0, 20, 40, 80, 160 mg L−1 Zn for the three Zn sources. Following an 8 h priming the seeds were evaluated for germination and vigor for 5 days on germination paper. Root and shoot lengths were measured as well as fresh and dry biomass. Compared to the control, the ZnO NP and ZnCl2 seed priming promoted beneficial effects. ZnO NP seed-priming exhibited a concentration dependent profile in improving seedling growth, with greatest benefit around 80 mg L−1, providing 17%, 25% and 12% higher values than control for germination, root length, and dry biomass production, respectively. In contrast, seeds primed with bulk ZnO did not differ from the control. These findings support NP-seed priming as an alternative to delivery of essential micronutrients, such as zinc, to corn seedlings.
Assessing the Preference of Rabbit Does to Social Contact or Seclusion: Results of Different Investigations
Authors: Dal Bosco Alessandro , Cartoni Mancinelli Alice , Hoy Steffen , Martino Melania , Mattioli Simona , Cotozzolo Elisa , Castellini Cesare
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to verify the motivation of rabbit does to social contact or seclusion. The results of two different research activities assessed in Italy (experiment 1) and Germany (experiment 2) through the use of motivational cages are reported. In experiment 1, only the average time of occupation of the group or seclusion zone was recorded of four nulliparous does, while, in experiment 2, the group-housing system provided space for does with kits and consisted of four single areas (nest boxes with individual electronic nest box recognition systems). Experiment 1 showed that does spent a similar amount of time in seclusion or in group (49.61% vs 50.39%, respectively). On the contrary, in experiment 2, does with kits appeared to prefer spending time alone (71.90%) rather than in groups. The presence of kits probably stimulates a hierarchical and aggressive response of the dominant does, with the low-ranking does staying secluded to avoid violent interactions. In fact, in each reproductive cycle, one doe did stay in the group area whereas the other three does used this area in different percentages of time. Further researches are needed to find a good combination of the cage with the does’ physiological phases.
Chloroquine Downregulation of Intestinal Autophagy to Alleviate Biological Stress in Early-Weaned Piglets
Authors: Liao Simeng , Tang Shengguo , Chang Meinan , Qi Ming , Li Jianjun , Tan Bie , Gao Qian , Zhang Shuo , Li Xiaozhen , Yin Yulong , Sun Peng , Tang Yulong
Published: February 2020

Early weaning stress impairs the development of gastrointestinal barrier function, causing immune system dysfunctions, reduction in feed intake, and growth retardation. Autophagy was hypothesized to be a key underlying cellular process in these dysfunctions. We conjectured that rapamycin (RAPA) and chloroquine (CQ), as two autophagy-modifying agents, regulate the autophagy process and may produce deleterious or beneficial effects on intestinal health and growth. To explore the effect of autophagy on early weaning stress in piglets, 18 early-weaned piglets were assigned to three treatments (each treatment of six piglets) and treated with an equal volume of RAPA, CQ, or saline. The degree of autophagy and serum concentrations of immunoglobulins and cytokines, as well as intestinal morphology and tight junction protein expression, were evaluated. Compared with the control treatment, RAPA-treated piglets exhibited activated autophagy and had decreased final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) (p < 0.05), impaired intestinal morphology and tight junction function, and higher inflammatory responses. The CQ-treated piglets showed higher final BW, ADG, jejuna and ileal villus height, and lower autophagy and inflammation, compared with control piglets (p < 0.05). Throughout the experiment, CQ treatment was beneficial to alleviate early weaning stress and intestinal and immune system dysfunction.
Effects of Thymol and Thymol α-D-Glucopyranoside on Intestinal Function and Microbiota of Weaned Pigs
Authors: Van Noten Noémie , Degroote Jeroen , Van Liefferinge Elout , Taminiau Bernard , De Smet Stefaan , Desmet Tom , Michiels Joris
Published: February 2020

The present study evaluated gluco-conjugation as a measure to delay thymol absorption and enhance its antimicrobial activity in the gut of weaned piglets. The three dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet without additives (TCON), supplemented with thymol at 3.7 mmol/kg dry matter (TTHY), or with an equimolar amount of thymol α-D-glucopyranoside (TTαG). Each dietary treatment was replicated in 6 pens with 2 piglets per pen (n = 12 for analytical parameters) and was supplemented for 14 days. The total (free plus gluco-conjugated) thymol concentrations in the stomach contents were 14% lower in TTαG as compared to TTHY piglets. Neither of the additives could be detected further down the gut. E.coli counts in the proximal small intestine were significantly lower in TTHY than in TTαG pigs (3.35 vs. 4.29 log10 CFU/g); however, other bacterial counts and their metabolites were unaffected by treatment. A metagenomic bacterial analysis revealed a great relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp. in the distal small intestine (range 88.4–99.9%), irrespective of treatment. The intestinal barrier function was improved by TTHY, but not TTαG, compared to TCON. In conclusion, gluco-conjugation did not result in higher thymol concentrations in the gut, but conversely, it seemed to diminish the biological effects of thymol in vivo.
Characterization of Sheep Milk Extracellular Vesicle-miRNA by Sequencing and Comparison with Cow Milk
Authors: Quan Suyu , Nan Xuemei , Wang Kun , Jiang Linshu , Yao Junhu , Xiong Benhai
Published: February 2020

Milk can mediate maternal-neonatal signal transmission by the bioactive component extracellular vesicles (EVs), which select specific types of miRNA to encapsulate. The miRNA profiling of sheep milk EVs was characterized by sequencing and compared with that of cow milk. Nanoparticle tracking analysis revealed that the concentration of sheep milk EVs was 1.3 ± 0.09 × 1012 particles/mL and the diameter was peaked at 131.2 ± 0.84 nm. Sheep milk EVs contained various small RNAs, including tRNA, Cis-regulatory element, rRNA, snRNA, other Rfam RNA, and miRNA, which held about 36% of all the small RNAs. In total, 84 types of miRNA were annotated with Ovis aries by miRBase (version 22.0) in sheep milk EVs, with 75 shared types of miRNAs in all samples. The miR-26a, miR-191, let-7f, let-7b and miR-10b were highly expressed both in cow and sheep milk EVs, and 14 sheep milk EV-miRNAs in the top 20, occupying 98% of the total expression, were immune-related. Although pathway analysis showed different potential functions of cow and sheep milk EV-miRNAs, there were still some shared points: lipid metabolism (phospholipase D, glycerophospholipid and glycosylphosphatidylinositol), calcium metabolism, and nerve conduction (axon guidance and synapse). This study provides reference for the bioactive components in the milk of different species.
“The Cone of Shame”: Welfare Implications of Elizabethan Collar Use on Dogs and Cats as Reported by their Owners
Authors: Shenoda Yustina , Ward Michael P. , McKeegan Dorothy , Fawcett Anne
Published: February 2020

Elizabethan collars are used in companion animals primarily to prevent self-trauma and associated negative welfare states in animals. However, they have been anecdotally associated with negative impacts on animal health and welfare including distress, abraded/ulcerated skin and misadventure. This study aimed to characterise the welfare impacts of Elizabethan collar use on companion dogs and cats, as reported by owners. Owners of pets who wore an Elizabethan collar during the past 12 months were surveyed about the impacts that the use of Elizabethan collars had on animal activities, in particular sleep, eating, drinking, exercise, interactions with other animals, as well as overall quality of life (QOL). The majority of 434 respondents (77.4%) reported a worse QOL score when their companion animal was wearing the collar, significantly so when the Elizabethan collar irritated their pet or impacted on their ability to drink or play. While other factors are likely to impact animal welfare during veterinary treatment that necessitates the use of Elizabethan collars, this study suggests that Elizabethan collars themselves might have negative welfare impacts in a range of domains including nutrition, environment, health, behaviour and mental state. We recommend that animal owners are informed about potential negative impacts of Elizabethan collars and harm minimisation strategies. Where possible, alternative methods of preventing self-trauma should be explored.
Short-Term Effect of the Inclusion of Silage Artichoke By-Products in Diets of Dairy Goats on Milk Quality
Authors: Monllor Paula , Romero Gema , Sendra Esther , Atzori Alberto Stanislao , Díaz José Ramón
Published: February 2020

Artichoke by-products represent a high amount of waste whose removal entails several costs. Moreover, feed is the main cost in a farm. So, including these by-products in ruminant diets would lower feed costs. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of two levels of inclusion, 12.5% and 25.0%, of two silages of artichoke by-products (artichoke bracts, AB and artichoke plant, AP) in the diet of goats on the milk yield, composition and quality and on the metabolic profile of the animals. AB presented the lowest blood urea content and there were no differences in milk yield in the two experiments. However, with 25.0% of silage by-product in the diet, a higher fat content was observed in AB and of protein in AP, as well as this treatment showing a slightly higher Se content. Regarding the milk lipid profile, milk from 12.5% of AP treatment presented a higher PUFA content. In conclusion, the use of silage artichoke by-products in dairy goat diets does not jeopardise milk yield and quality and health status of animals and, from a nutritional point of view for human health, a slightly better mineral and lipid profile is observed in milk from AP treatments.
Effects of a Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Performance, Energy Metabolism and Recovery from Calving in Dairy Cows
Authors: Meyer Jennifer , Daniels Susanne Ursula , Grindler Sandra , Tröscher-Mußotter Johanna , Alaedin Mohamadtaher , Frahm Jana , Hüther Liane , Kluess Jeannette , Kersten Susanne , von Soosten Dirk , Meyer Ulrich , Most Erika , Eder Klaus , Sauerwein Helga , Seifert Jana , Huber Korinna , Rehage Jürgen , Dänicke Sven
Published: February 2020

Dairy cows are metabolically challenged during the transition period. Furthermore, the process of parturition represents an energy-consuming process. The degree of negative energy balance and recovery from calving also depends on the efficiency of mitochondrial energy generation. At this point, L-carnitine plays an important role for the transfer of fatty acids to the site of their mitochondrial utilisation. A control (n = 30) and an L-carnitine group (n = 29, 25 g rumen-protected L-carnitine per cow and day) were created and blood samples were taken from day 42 ante partum (ap) until day 110 post-partum (pp) to clarify the impact of L-carnitine supplementation on dairy cows, especially during the transition period and early puerperium. Blood and clinical parameters were recorded in high resolution from 0.5 h to 72 h pp. L-carnitine-supplemented cows had higher amounts of milk fat in early lactation and higher triacylglyceride concentrations in plasma ap, indicating increased efficiency of fat oxidation. However, neither recovery from calving nor energy balance and lipomobilisation were influenced by L-carnitine.