bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MANAJEMEN ANTARA UMAT BERAGAMA STUDI KASUS: UMAT BERAGAMA BUDHA DI TANJUNG BATU KECAMATAN KUNDUR KABUPATEN KARIMUN
Authors: Pipi Pipi
Published: December 2021

This study discusses the existence of the management of harmony between Islam and Buddhism in Tanjung Batu Kota. This study aims to describe the factors that cause religious harmony in Tanjung Batu Kota, Kundur District, Karimun Regency.This study used the conflict theory according to Lewis Coser. This research used a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. purposive sampling technique was used to select the informant that consists of 10 people. The types of data used in this study were primary data and secondary data. Observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies were used in collecting the data. Meanwhile, the data analysis unit used by the group was Milles and Huberman's data analysis, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study reveal that several factors are causing religious harmony: 1) Tolerance in the Economic Sector. 2) Inter-Religious Harmony. 3) Mutual Respect and Respect for Other Religions. 4) The Management of Religious Harmony in Tanjung Batu City, Kundur District.
DISTRIBUSI SPASIAL INDUSTRI DI KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN
Authors: Sendi Sendi
Published: December 2021

This study aims to obtain data, manage, analyze, discuss the spatial distribution of industries in Padang Pariaman District, seen from: 1) Spatial Distribution of Large and Medium Industries, 2) Spatial Patterns, and 3) Industrial Impacts on Society. This type of research is included in the descriptive study. The population in this study are all large and medium industries in Padang Pariaman District. The sample of this research is all large and medium industries in the Padang Pariaman District taken by sampling technique that is total sampling where the number of samples is equal to the population. Data analysis techniques using the nearest neighbor analysis and descriptive analysis. The results of this study found that: 1) in Padang Pariaman District there were 57 large and medium industries spread across 9 Subdistricts of 17 Subdistricts. The distribution of large and medium industries is most found in Batang Anai Sub District with 31 industries. Based on industry classification, it is divided into 4 types, namely: industry based on the number of workers and capital, industry based on goods produced, industry based on type, and industry based on general activities carried out, 2) distribution patterns of large and medium industries in Padang Pariaman District more scattered cluster (cluster). For the pattern of distribution of large industries in Padang Pariaman District is more unevenly distributed (random pattern), whereas the tendency of the pattern of medium industry distribution in Padang Pariaman District is more spread in clusters, 3) Viewed from industrial growth in Padang Pariaman District from 2016 -2018 continues to increase so that the need for labor also increases. All of that greatly affects the welfare of society and the value of goods and services produced by the economic system in Padang Pariaman District.
ANALISIS PELAKSANAAN KURIKULUM 2013 DITINJAU DARI STANDAR PENILAIAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA KELAS VIII DI SMP NEGERI 18 PADANG
Authors: Sherly Sherly
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the assessment mechanisms and procedures in accordance with 2013 curriculum rules. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Subjects in this study were mathematics teachers in class VIII SMP Negeri 18 Padang, amounting to two teachers. The instruments used in this study include documentation, observation, and interviews. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, presentation, data verification, and data triangulation. The results of this study indicate (a) in terms of the assessment mechanism of eighth grade mathematics teachers at SMPN 18 Padang not yet perfect in implementing the assessment mechanism stipulated in Permendikbud No. 23 of 2016 The imperfect indicators are 1) carry out attitude assessments with various assess,emt techniques, 2) carry out skills assessments with varios asessment techiques. (b) in terms of the assessment procedure for eighth grade mathematics teachers at SMPN 18 Padang, it is also perfect to carry out the assessment procedures stipulated in Ministry of Education and Culture Regulation No. 23 of 2016. As for the imperfect indicators, namely 1) determining the purpose of the assessment, 2) make analysis of instrument quality, 3) processing, analyzing, and interpreting the assessment, 4) reprting the reults of the assessment, 5) utilizing the results of the asessment report.
PENGARUH KONSUMSI RUMAH TANGGA, PERUBAHAN IKLIM, MONOPOLI HARGA, LUAS LAHAN, DAN MODAL USAHA TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PETANI KAKAO DI NAGARI KUBANG KECAMATAN LIMA PULUH KOTA
Authors: Shinta Shinta
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze 1) Effect of Rt Consumption on the income of cocoa farmers, 2) Effect of Climate Change on cocoa farmers 'income, 3) Effect of Price Monopoly on cocoa farmers' income, 4) Effect of Land Area on the incomT of cocoa farmers, 5) Effect of Capital on Cocoa farmers' income, 6) The influence of household consumption, climate change, price monopoly, land area, and capital together on the income of cocoa farmers. When this research was conducted in December 2019. This type of research is descriptive and associative. The population in this study were cocoa farmers living in Nagari Kubang, Guguak District, Lima Puluh Kota District. he results showed that: (1) Rt consumption affected the income of cocoa farmers t counted 4.011084> table 1.663. (2) Climate change affects the income of cocoa farmers t count 2.184027> t table 1.663. (3) Price monopoly affects the income of cocoa farmers, t count is 1.681352> table 1.663. (4) Land area has no effect on the income of cocoa farmers t count of 0.844364  table 1.663. (6) Household consumption, climate change, price monopoly, land area, and capital together have a significant influence on the income of cocoa farmers, the calculated F value is 175.5961> F tables 2.32 and 7.213212> F table 2.32 and value significant 0.00000 <0.05 and 0.000040 <0.05.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF INFORMAL TIPE FORMULATE SHARE LISTENING CREATE TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS VII.2 MTsN 12 PESISIR SELATAN
Authors: Siska Siska
Published: December 2021

This research is motivated by the low ability of students to understand mathematical concepts and students are not used to discussing. The research objective was to determine how the effect of the application of the formulate share listening create informal cooperative learning model on the understanding of the mathematical concepts of class VII.2 students of MTsN 12 Pesisir Selatan.This research is a descriptive quantitative research based on one shoot case study. The population in this study were students of class VII MTsN 12 Pesisir Selatan which consisted of 5 classes. The sampling technique was taken using purposive sampling, so that class VII.2 MTsN 12 Pesisir Selatan was chosen as the sempel class. The research instrument was the final test in the form of an essay and thereliability of . Where based on data analysis the value of the trial class.Based on the calculation results, it was found that the percentage of learning outcomes with the conceptual understanding indicator obtained by students while using the formulate share listening create informal cooperative learning model was quite good. 61%. So it can be concluded that by applying the informal cooperative learning model type formulate share listening create to the students' ability to understand mathematical concepts class VII.2 MTsN 12 Pesisir Selatan is quite good.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN CRITICAL THINKING AND WRITING ACHIEVEMENT AT THE THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT IN STKIP PGRI SUMBAR REGISTERED 2018/2019 ACADEMIC YEAR
Authors: Siziah Siziah
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh ketertarikan peneliti untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara berpikir kritis dan pencapaian menulis mahasiswa STKIP PGRI Sumbar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa eratkah hubungan antara berpikir kritis dan pencapaian menulis mahasiswa STKIP PGRI Sumbar. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode correlation. Peneliti menggunakan determining sample size sebagai cara untuk pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti mengambil 4 lokal mahasiswa program studi pendidikan bahasa inggris tahun akademik 2018 sebagai sampel dari penelitian ini. Karena keterbatasan data dan sulit menemukan data dikarenakan hal-hal tertentu , peneliti mengambil 2 kelas sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini, yaitu kelas 2018 A dan kelas 2018 B. Peneliti menggunakan tes dan dukumen sebagai instrumen untuk penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan antara berpikir kritis dan pencapaian menulisnya sebesar rxy = 0,635 dengan tingkat hubungan yang menengah. Kemudian peneliti juga menemukan hasil penelitian thitung 4,360 dimana lebih besar dari ttable = 0,3610. Ini menunjukkan bahwa H1 untuk penelitian ini diterima dan H0 ditolak. Dengan demikian bisa disimpulkan bahwa berpikir kritis memiliki hubungan dengan pencapaian menulis mahasiswa di STKIP PGRI Sumbar meskipun dalam tingkat yang menengah.
VALIDITAS BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS RISET PADA MATERI SISTEM REPRODUKSI SMA/MA
Authors: Yulia Yulia
Published: December 2021

This research is motivated by the limited material in printed books, the book is distributed to students one book for two people and distributed when the learning process is only in school, this makes the learning process very ineffective, for that students need additional teaching materials, especially reproductive system material at school. contraceptive method sub material in the family planning (KB) program. Research conducted in February 2020 aims to produce valid teaching materials for the reproductive system of SMA / MA. The method used in this research is the 4-D model method. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive method. The instrument used in this study was a validity test questionnaire, which was conducted by 3 expert validators, namely 2 lecturers and 1 teacher. The results obtained from the validity test showed a validity value of 86, 9% with very valid criteria because it was in accordance with the content standards, basic competencies and core competencies that had been set.
PENGARUH TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN, UMUR, JUMLAH TANGGUNGAN KELUARGA, PENDAPATAN SUAMI DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN WANITA UNTUK BEKERJA DI KECAMATAN KOTO SALAK KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA
Authors: Epinda Bella Aulia , Fino Anso , Melizasari Putri
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze 1) the effect of education level, 2) the effect of age, 3) the influence of the number of family dependents, 4) the influence of husband's income and 5) the influence of motivation on women's decisions to work in Koto Salak District, Dharmasraya Regency. This research is focused on the influence of education level, age, number of dependents, husband's income and motivation on women's decision to work in Koto Salak Subdistrict, Dharmasraya Regency. The research method uses descriptive method. The results of the study show that: It can be seen that the results obtained are statistical> F table or 8.84> 2.38, so the decision H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. So the variables of education level, age, number of family dependents, husband's income, motivation together have a significant effect on women's decisions to work.
FAKTOR FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Fitryani Rika , Ramayani Citra , Areva Desi
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze: 1) the effect of profitability on firm value, 2) the effect of capital structure on firm value, 3) the effect of firm size on firm value, 4) the effect of sales growth on firm value, 5) the effect of the current ratio on firm value, 6) the influence of profitability, capital structure, company size, sales growth and current ratio together affect firm value. The results of this study indicate that: profitability has a significant effect on firm value, capital structure has no significant effect on firm value, firm size has a negative effect on firm value, sales growth has no significant effect on firm value, current ratio has a significant effect on firm value in sub-sector companies. food and beverages listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) 2013-2017
Konflik Kepemilikan Pulau Marak Di Kecamatan Koto Xl Tarusan. Skripsi Program Studi Pendidikan Sosiologi, STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat, Padang 2021.
Authors: Rinel fitlayeni, yuhelna Yulia Marlina
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTSThis research is motivated by the concept of Agraria, Agraria is what is in the sea, on land such as forests and land or what is called natural resources. Natural resources are essentially used or utilized for the benefit of the community. Likewise, what happened in Nagari Sungai Pinang was due to too much power so that there was an inaccuracy in the issue of ownership of an island which was the trigger for the ownership conflict of Marak Island, Koto XI Tarusan District. The formulation of the research problem is the factor of ownership conflict in Marak Island in Koto Xl Tarusan District and how to manage Marak Island ownership conflict in Koto Xl Tarusan District and who are the actors involved in the ownership conflict of Marak Island in Koto Xl Tarusan District.            The theory used in this research is conflict theory according to Randall Collins. The research approach used is a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. The types of data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. There were 7 informants involved in the conflict over ownership of Marak Island in Koto Xl Tarusa District. Data collection methods used in two ways, namely non-participant observation, in-depth interviews and document study. To achieve the validity of research data using triangulation techniques. Meanwhile, the data analysis units used were groups and individuals with data analysis by Miles and Huberman, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.            From the results of the study it can be concluded that there are several factors that support this conflict, such as the construction of homestay without permission, and the struggle for a physical tenure. In resolving this conflict, Wali Nagari, Pemuda, BAMUS as well as Ninik Mamak and Mr. Alex have made efforts to resolve this conflict through various processes and development carried out by PT Dempo since 15 April  2018. however this problem has not been resolved until now. Keywords: Conflict Cause, Actor involved, Conflict Resolution
Profil Perkembangan Bakat Khusus Peserta Didik di SMP Negeri 1 Siberut Selatan Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai
Authors: Sagulu Julianna
Published: December 2021

: This reserch is motivated by the presence of student who are less able to understand and remember the lessons given by the teacher, less able to speak indonesian, less able to calculate mathematic lessons, low grade 1 raport card, lazy to participate in school activities, and lack of support, motivation from parent. The purpose of this research is to descibe: 1. Development of special academic talents, 2. Artistic talents, 3. Kinesthetic/psychomotor talents, 4. Social talents. This research was conducted using quantitative descriptive methods. The study pupolation was 150 students. The technique of taking proportional random sampling is 60 students. The research data were obtained through questionnaires and processed using percentage teachiques.Based on the results of research conducted at SMP Negeri 1 South Siberut, Mentawai Islands Regency, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. Talent for working numbers (Numerical) is in the category of many criteria as many as 5 people (71,66%), 2. Talents in using laguage there are very many categories as many as 35 people (58,33%), 3. Talents are able to arrange and are greatly admired in the category quite a lot as many as 14 people (23,33%), 4. The talents to create songs in 30 minutes is quite a lot category as many as 27 people (45%). The results of this study are recommended to the supervisor/counselor to assist students in developing the special talents of students at SMP negeri 1 South, Mentwai Island Regency. Key word: Profile, Development, Special Talents
Voter Confusion in Surabaya: The Problem of Ballot Design and Incompetence [Kebingungan Pemilih di Surabaya: Masalah Desain Kertas Suara dan Inkompetensi]
Authors: Wasisto Aryo
Published: December 2021

The simultaneous scheme in the 2019 elections in Indonesia caused voter confusion, especially in the legislative elections. Citizens who are confused and disappointed when voting candidates characterize the declining quality of representation in electoral democracy. This study aims to determine the factors of confusion among citizens when they are in the voting booth. The case study research was conducted in Surabaya by interviewing 54 residents after the general election using recalling questions and in-depth interviews. The results show that the voter confusion factor is the effect of the complex design of the 2019 legislative election ballot paper, the lack of socialization about election procedures, and the difficulty of respondents understanding the simultaneous election models. The competency category shows that voter confusion is the respondents' low interest in political discussions and inadequate political knowledge. These two competence issues affect the quality of voters' political participation. Voter confusion in Surabaya generally motivates the phenomena of incorrect and misleading voting.AbstrakSkema serentak dalam pemilu 2019 di Indonesia menimbulkan fenomena kebingungan pemilih, khususnya pada pemilihan legislatif. Warga yang bingung dan kecewa pada saat memilih kandidat mencirikan menurunnya kualitas representasi dalam demokrasi elektoral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan faktor-faktor kebingungan warga saat berada di bilik suara. Penelitian studi kasus dilakukan di Surabaya dengan mewawancarai 54 warga pasca pemilihan umum dengan menggunakan teknik recalling question dan deep interview. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor kebingungan pemilih merupakan efek dari desain kertas suara pemilihan legislatif 2019 yang kompleks, minimnya sosialisasi mengenai tata cara pemilu, dan sulitnya responden memahami pemilihan model serentak. Kategori kompetensi menunujukkan bahwa kebingungan terjadi karena rendahnya ketertarikan responden dalam diskusi politik dan rendahnya pengetahuan politik. Dua masalah komptensi ini berefek pada kualitas partisipasi politik pemilih. Kebingungan pemilih di Surabaya secara umum memotivasi fenomena incorrect voting dan misleading voting.
REPETITIVE ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF NONLINEAR UNCERTAIN PLANT WITH INPUT SATURATION
Authors:   E.A. Shelenok Pacific State University, Shelenok E.A.
Published: December 2021

The article proposes solution to the problem of synthesizing adaptive control algorithm for dy-namic T-periodic nonlinear plant operating under conditions of structural and parametric uncer-tainty, in the presence of input restrictions and constant bounded disturbances. The hyperstabil-ity criterion, L-dissipativity conditions, fast-acting filter-correctors, and an implicit reference model are used as the methods for synthesis of repetitive adaptive control system.
CONSTRUCTION OF A DATA CLUSTERING MODEL EXEMPLIFIED BY DEMO-GRAPHIC INDICATORS OF THE FEFD REGIONS
Authors:   N.S. Bezrukov Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Bezrukov N.S. , Polyanskaya E.V. ,   E.V. Polyanskaya Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the problem of constructing a model for classifying the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District on the basis of demographic data with the use of machine learning algo-rithms - t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding, K-means and self-organizing networks. Column diagrams and heat maps of correlation coefficients are built for demographic indicators. It is proposed to replace demographic indicators with rank values. The effect it has on the classi-fication results is studied. The classifier has been built on the basis of a self-organizing network, that allows the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District to be classified as belonging to one of the classes: depressed, satisfactory or good.
APPLICATION OF CLOUD COMPUTING TECNOLOGY FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF ACCEPTABILITY REGIONS CONSTRUCTION AND ANALYSIS
Authors:   O.V. Abramov Institute of automation & control processes FEB RAS, Abramov O.V. , Nazarov D.A. ,   D.A. Nazarov Institute of automation & control processes FEB RAS
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the application of cloud computing to solve the problems of construction and analysis of engineering system acceptability regions (AR). It is claimed that the cloud plat-form is the most appropriate architecture for consolidating high-performance computing re-sources, modeling software and data warehouses in multi-user mode. The main components of the cloud environment for (AR) construction and analysis within the framework of the SaaS and DaaS cloud service models are discussed.
DIAGNOSTIC PRINCIPLES IN MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS
Authors:   V.V. Voronin Pacific state university, Voronin V.V.
Published: December 2021

The features of the triangle of mutual influence of the basic diagnostic principles are analyzed depending on the known strategies of maintenance and repair, taking into account modern in-formation technologies. Two options for the interaction of the diagnostic support of the object with its maintenance system are investigated. Various aspects of the relationship between the degradation representation of the diagnostic object and the existing maintenance and repair strategies are considered. The functional capabilities of two information platforms for organiz-ing maintenance systems ("Galaxy EAM" and "1C: RCM Reliability Management") are evalu-ated in relation to diagnostic tasks.
Preparation and characterization of amphotericin B mannosylated liposomes for effective management of visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Soni Anuradha , Jain Vivek , Jain Sunil Kumar , Khangar Pushpendra Kumar
Published: December 2021

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic debilitating disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Annually, it is approximated the occurrence of 0.2 to 0.4 million novel cases of the disease worldwide. The cast film method was used to prepared cationic and mannosylated liposomes. The surface of the Amphotericin B (Amp B)-bearing cationic multilamellar liposomes was covalently coupled with p-aminophenyl-α-D-mannoside using glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent, which was proved by agglutination of the vesicles with concanavalin A. The prepared liposomes were characterized for shape, size, % drug entrapment, vesicle count, zeta potential and in vitro drug release. Vesicle sizes of cationic and mannosylated liposomes were establish to be 2.71±0.12and 1.62±0.08μm, respectively. Zeta potential of cationic liposomes was higher (28.38 ± 0.3 mV), as compared to mannosylated liposomes (15.7 ± 0.8 mV). % drug release from cationic and mannose-coupled liposomes was established to be 45.7% and 41.9%, respectively, after 24 hrs. In the present work, cationic and mannosylated liposomes of Amp B were prepared, optimized and characterized for effectual organization of VL.

Keywords: Mannosylated liposomes, Amphotericin B, Leishmaniasis, % drug release.
Development and characterization of effervescent floating tablet of famotidine for treatment of peptic ulcer
Authors: Sahu Shilpi , Jain Vivek , Jain Sunil Kumar , Jain Pushpendra Kumar
Published: December 2021

Floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) are utilized to target drug discharge in the stomach or to the upper parts of intestine. Famotidine has been the most extensively used drug for the management of peptic ulcer for various decades. The current study concerns the development and evaluation of floating tablets of famotidine which, after oral administration, are planned to extend the gastric residence time, enhance drug bioavailability and aim the gastric ulcer. A FDDS was expanded using gas-forming agents, like sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and hydrocolloids, like hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and carbopol 934P. The prepared tablets were evaluated in terms of their pre-compression parameters, physical characteristics, buoyancy, buoyancy lag-time, in vitro release, and swelling index. The formulations were optimized for the different viscosity grades of HPMC, carbopol 934P and its concentrations and combinations. The consequences of the in vitro release studies demonstrated that the optimized formulation (F6) could sustain drug release (98%) for 24 h and remain buoyant for 24 hr. Optimized formulation (F6) showed no considerable change in physical appearance, drug content, total buoyancy time or in vitro dissolution study after storage at 40°C/75% RH for 3 months. Lastly the tablet formulations establish to be economical and may conquer the draw backs associated with the drug during its absorption.

Keywords: Famotidine, Floating drug delivery system, Hydrocolloids, Gastric residence time.
Formation development and evaluation of microsphere of sulfasalazine for the treatment inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Tiwari Tanu , Jain Vivek , Jain Sunil Kumar , Khangar Pushpendra Kumar
Published: December 2021

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory disorder of the small intestine and colon. IBD includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), and it is a main reason for the expansion of colon cancer, referred to as colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Oral colon-targeted microsphere based drug delivery system containing sulfasalazine was prepared, optimized and characterized. The microspheres were effectively prepared by simple emulsification phase-separation technique followed by cross-linking. The formulations were optimized on the basis of drug: polymer ratio, stirring speed, concentration of glutaraldehyde. The prepared microspheres were characterized on the basis of morphology, entrapment efficiency, particle size and in-vitro release.

Keywords: Microspheres, Sulfasalazine, Inflammatory bowel disease, Colon-targeted, Chitosan
Development and evaluation of acyclovir loaded chitosan microspheres and cross linked with glutaraldehyde
Authors: Jain Harshita , Jain Vivek , Jain Sunil Kumar , Khangar Pushpendra Kumar
Published: December 2021

The guanine derivative antiviral drug acyclovir (ACV) is one of the oldest molecules put downing triumphant market until date, being commercially accessible in a variety of dosage forms for oral, topical and parenteral administrations. Clinical purpose of this drug is better to new antiviral agents due to its potential values such as suppression of recurrence, security profile, negligible drug interactions and being inexpensive. ACV is slightly water soluble, less permeable and poorly bioavailable, yet further potential antiviral molecule, the physicochemical alterations and new dosage form approaches resulted with more than 100 research efforts within a decade. The current study endeavored at the formulation of chitosan microspheres loaded with ACV to conquer the poor bioavailability and recurrent dose administration. Chitosan microspheres were prepared by emulsification technique by glutaraldehyde cross-linking. A variety of formulation and process variables such as polymer, glutaraldehyde, drug, span 80 concentrations, effect of stirring speed and stirring time were optimized. Formulated microspheres were characterized for its drug loading, invitro drug release, entrapment efficiency, surface morphology (SEM), particle size analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The characterization of the fabricated microspheres demonstrated smooth surface with thin particle size allocation and entrapment efficiency of 80.8% for stirring speed batch. The prepared microspheres showed a controlled drug release of 93.2% over a period of 8 hrs with initial burst release of 56.7 % in the first 2hrs. The FTIR showed that there was no possible drug interaction among the drug and polymer. From the data’s obtained it can be concluded that the chitosan microspheres could be believed as a possible carrier for controlled drug delivery of ACV.

Keywords: Acyclovir, Antiviral drug, Microspheres, Chitosan, Glutaraldehyde.
Evaluation of Antiepileptic Activity of Flowers of Cocos nucifera L. Against Experimentally Induced Convulsions in Rats
Authors: B Archana , Mudavath Ravi Naik , Enumula Vinay , Ravali N , Sravan Kumar Paka
Published: December 2021

The report used to be planned to analyze the antiepileptic activity of Cocos nucifera flowers against special experimentally induced convulsions in rats. In the present study, antiepileptic activity was assessed by following experimental models. Anti-convulsant in vivo models: Maximal electroshocks (MES) induced models in rats, Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced in rats. Pretreatment of animals with Cocos nucifera flowers extract has reduced by half the general continuance of tonic hind leg extension, the most commonly used endpoint in assessing clonic convulsions. MES provokes repetitive neuronal firing indicates epileptic neurons. MES is the widely accepted model to demonstrate the antiepileptic property of a drug. This property is antagonistic of the plant extract could flow from to blockade of voltage-gated sodium channel or due to effect on NMDA receptors. The Cocos nucifera flowers extract was also demonstrated potential anticonvulsant activity in PTZ induced convulsions and this may be due to its agonistic activity on the GABAA receptor. This is further supported by an elevated level of GABA by the plant extract in the PTZ model. Methanolic extract of Cocos nucifera flowers has shown significant anticonvulsant activity against MES and Pentlylenetetrazole induced convulsion models. This observed activity could also be the referable presence of flavonoids and other phytochemical constituents found in the powerful extract.
Keywords: Cocos nucifera, antiepileptic activity, Maximal electroshock, Pentlylenetetrazole, Flavonoids,
Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Bilayer Floating Tablets of Antihypertensive Drug Bosentan
Authors: Niranjan Abadhesh Kumar , Singh Alka
Published: December 2021

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a major public health concern around the world because of its large contribution to the global health burden and its function as a major risk factor for a variety of disease processes. Bosentan SR Floating Bilayer Tablets were made with HPMC K4M, HPMC E-15, and HPMC E-15 alone (80%) and in combination with varying percentages of polymer (20&60 percent, 40&40 percent, and 60&20 percent ). The hydrophilic polymer HPMC is used to make three different formulations (M4, M8, and M12) of floating Bosentan SR tablets, each with a viscosity grade of 80 percent. M12 formulation was shown to be suitable for SR tablet formulation. From the M12 formulation. It's based on the M12 formula. The fraction of high viscosity polymer can be lowered by adding low viscosity polymer, as demonstrated in the C3 formulation. It was clear from the dissolution profile of formulation C3 that by mixing the low and high viscosity polymers, the drug release from the formulation may be improved as compared to manufacturing M12 high viscosity polymer alone. According to the findings of this investigation, as floating duration increases, the release rate drops. As a result, it's appropriate for long-term formulation.

Keywords: Bosentan, Floating Bilayer Tablets, Hypertension, SR Tablets, HPMC K4M, E-15
A review on medicinal plants as potential sources of natural immunomodulatory action
Authors: Porwal Omji , Ozdemir Mehmet , Kala Duran , Anwer Esra Tariq
Published: December 2021

The concept of immunomodulation was proposed by Edward Jenner, while working on polio vaccine in 1796. A brawny, fine-functioning immune system is the keystone of excellent health. Immune replies are the consequence of an effectual interaction among innate (natural and non-specific) and acquired (adaptive and specific) components of the immune system. Inequity or failure of the immune systems is connected with a variety of chronic illness counting allergies, autoimmune diseases, cancers and furthers. Diverse innate and adaptive immune cells that are incorporated in this multifaceted networking organization may symbolize talented targets for expanding immunotherapeutics for treating specific immune illness. An assorted array of natural, synthetic, and recombinant compounds is accessible with both advantages and demerits. A range of phytochemicals have been remote, differentiated and customized for expansion and employ as avoidance or cure of human diseases, but the request of customary or novel medicinal plants for employ as immunomodulators in indulgencing immune diseases is still comparatively limited. At present, there is much-growing interest in the use of medicinal plants as modulators of the complex immune system. Numerous therapeutic consequences of plant extracts have been recommended to be because of their extensive assortment of immunomodulatory effects and persuade on the immune system of the human body. In present review paper, various medicinal plants, their resultant crude or fractionated phyto extracts and the precise phytochemicals remote from them are conversed in terms of their immunomodulatory bioactivities. We also review their possible for future expansion as immunomodulatory or inflammation-regulatory therapeutics or agents.

Keywords: Immunomodulation, Immune system, Phytochemicals, Medicinal plant, Plant extracts
A Review on medicinal plants in dentistry
Authors: Porwal Omji , Kala Duran
Published: December 2021

The dental afflictions are indubitably the most important global infectious diseases affecting both children and adults. The most significant dental illness is dental caries and periodontal pathologies. The major reason of oral health troubles is more inhabitants with pathogenic bacteria and for this reason, conservative treatment can often be in efficient because of bacterial resistance or may have unpleasant side effects.For that reason, studies in the field have focused on finding new therapeutic alternatives.The use of natural medicines for dental care is an ancient cross-cultural practice that persists in the majority of cultures today.Over the past decade, interest in drugs derived from medicinal plants has markedly increased. This study was designed at a literature review focusing on studies investigating herbal drugs and their therapeutic application, mechanism of action, side effects, toxicities and probable drug interactions. A small number of studies were established to hold their rational employ in dentistry. Because there is a rising employ of phytotherapeutic agents in dentistry, additional studies are required to evaluate their safety and efficacy for clinical use.

Keywords: Herbal medicine, Oral health, Dentistry, Caries, Infections
Normalizing a new language hierarchy: Event names in post-Soviet urban space
Authors: Smagulova Juldyz , Madiyeva Dinara
Published: December 2021

Naming practices not only reveal ideological contestation in a particular community, but also contribute to the discursive construction of a new social reality. However, the transformative role of naming practices as a semiotic resource for reimagining language hierarchy has been overlooked. This socio-onomastics study aims to explore shifting ideological premises and semiotic mechanisms of normalizing a new language hierarchy in post-Soviet urban space. In doing so, the study diachronically examines naming practices of choosing and using event names, which are more fluid and often short-lived in comparison to other names such as toponyms, anthroponyms or brand names. The study analyses 1246 unique event names mentioned in a local Russian-language newspaper Вечерний Алматы (Vechernii Almaty) over the period of time from 1989 to 2019. The results show a decrease in the use of Russian for name production. Further examination reveals a steady increase in non-integrated event names in Kazakh and English in Russian-language newspaper texts; there are few examples of translation and transliteration, no examples of transcription or loanwords in more recent texts. Our comparison shows that in the context of the multilingual Almaty transgressing the purist norms of standard Russian has become a new norm. We argue that these new local strategies of naming and using names are a semiotic mechanism of domination; they work to normalize a new language hierarchy where the Russian language is no longer the only dominant code of the public and official domain. Our account adds to the discussion of the discursive power of naming in challenging dominant language practices.
Language attitudes, practices and identity in the new Lithuanian diaspora
Authors: Ramonienė Meilutė , Ramonaitė Jogilė Teresa
Published: December 2021

After the changes in the socio-political situation in many countries of Eastern and Central Europe in the last decade of the 20th century, these countries experienced a major growth of emigration. In the context of the European Union, Lithuania is one of the countries that has faced the highest rates of emigration. The quick and somewhat sporadic emigration mainly for economic reasons is of interest both to linguists and language policy makers in order to support and give guidelines for the maintenance of the heritage language and identity. This paper deals with the data of the new post-Soviet wave of Lithuanian emigrants analysing the language behaviour and language attitudes. The aim is to look into the issues of language attitudes, practices and identity through the tripartite theoretical model - beliefs, emotions and declared language practices - of this wave and to compare it to the overall context of Lithuanian diaspora. The data analysed in this paper has been collected using quantitative (online surveys) and qualitative methods (in-depth interviews) in two research projects in the Lithuanian diaspora in 2011-2017. The main focus is on the use of the heritage Lithuanian language in various domains (home, community, friendship, church), comparing the use of Lithuanian by the post-Soviet emigrants with the language behaviour of the emigrants of earlier emigration waves. The results show equally positive beliefs and affective attitudes of the post-Soviet emigrants compared to previous waves, but a different language behaviour especially when comparing to the emigrants of the end of World War II.
Comprehension of Ukrainian by Estonians via Russian: Structural and extra-linguistic aspects
Authors: Branets Anna , Verschik Anna
Published: December 2021

This study explores how people use and expand their linguistic resources in the situation when they have some proficiency in L2 and try to understand L3 that is related to L2. The focus of the study is on the comprehension of Ukrainian by Estonian L1 speakers via their proficiency in Russian (L2). This situation is labeled as mediated receptive multilingualism. The aim of this research is to investigate the role of cross-linguistic similarity (objective or perceived, in the terms of Ringbom 2007) and extra-linguistic predictors of success in comprehension. In addition to measuring the success rate, we pay attention to the participant's perspective. The experiment was conducted with 30 speakers of Estonian as L1 and included a questionnaire, C-test in Russian, three Ukrainian texts with different groups of tasks, and debriefing. In this article, we focus on the task of defining Ukrainian words from the text and on debriefing interviews. The results showed that similarity, perceived or objective, is not the only decisive factor in facilitating understanding. The participants explanations confirmed our previous findings that similarity, albeit important, is only partly responsible for successful comprehension. This became clear from the debriefing interviews. In many cases, the participants' choice was affected by a range of extra-linguistic factors: general knowledge, context, exposure to various registers of Russian, M-factor, meta-linguistic awareness, and learnability. In some instances, context and general knowledge outweighed similarity. These findings show how similarity worked together with extra-linguistic factors in facilitating successful comprehension in challenging multilingual settings.
Review of Andrea C. Schalley & Susana A. Eisenchlas (eds.). 2020. Handbook of Home Language Maintenance and Development: Social and Affective Factors.Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-1-5015-1689-4
Authors: Guseynova Innara A.
Published: December 2021

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Review of Sonia Wilson. 2020. Family Language Policy: Children’s Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-52437-1 (eBook)
Authors: Nandi Anik
Published: December 2021

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Review of Svetlana Moskvitcheva & Alain Viaut (eds.). 2019. Minority Languages from Western Europe and Russia. Comparative Approaches and Categorical Configurations. Switzerland, Springer. ISBN 978-3-030-24339-5
Authors: Aleksandrova Oksana I.
Published: December 2021

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The Russian language maintenance and language contacts
Authors: Zabrodskaja Anastassia , Ivanova Olga
Published: December 2021

In our introductory article, we outline the main sociolinguistic features of Russian as a heritage language of post-Soviet immigrants in European settings and beyond. We offer a general overview of the evolution of Russian as a global language, with a particular focus on its geodemographics and economic and social value as a lingua franca . Based on this, we analyse the main principles defining the maintenance of Russian as a language of migration and as a heritage language in different countries, and emphasise the most important questions that still need to be addressed in this field of research. The main objective of this special issue is to combine the most recent research on the vitality of different languages of post-Soviet republics in new political milieu, with a particular focus on European and Asian countries, but there are other objectives as well. We propose to explore the factors that have either favoured or hindered the maintenance and transmission of languages of post-Soviet immigrants and repatriates, and how these sociolinguistic processes become evident in language vitality on both private and public levels. Our special issue primarily addresses the questions of family language policy, new language contacts and their management, and linguistic landscape in heritage speakers, diasporas and their new settings in Europe, Asia and the US.
Maintenance of Russian as a heritage language in Germany: A longitudinal approach
Authors: Brehmer Bernhard
Published: December 2021

The study discusses the perspectives of long-term maintenance of Russian as a heritage language in Germany. Based on data from a longitudinal study (2014-2018) we investigated changes in the sociolinguistic situation of 19 adolescent heritage speakers and in their proficiency in Russian. The aim was to investigate whether changes in the participants sociolinguistic situation are reflected in their knowledge of Russian. Data on the sociolinguistic situation were collected via an extensive questionnaire that the participants had to fill out once a year. Language proficiency was measured by experimental tasks targeting different linguistic domains. For the current paper, we used data from the longitudinal measurement of lexical and grammatical proficiency. The results revealed that the participants exposure to Russian input is decreasing in several domains over time, especially concerning media consumption and personal visits to the homeland. Russian is increasingly restricted to interactions with parents, and to educational settings (classes in Russian as a foreign or heritage language). Regarding language attitudes, our participants explicitly consider Russian important primarily for family interactions and cultural factors, but less with regard to career goals. Nevertheless, there was a positive trend in lexical and grammatical proficiency. We interpret these findings as a result of the prolonged exposure to heritage language instruction which leads to a stabilized proficiency in Russian. Given the institutional support and the size of the community, we hypothesize that the perspectives for long-term maintenance of Russian as a heritage language in Germany are better than for Russian heritage speaker communities in other countries.
Israeli Russian: Case morphology in a bilingual context
Authors: Meir Natalia , Avramenko Marina , Verkhovtceva Tatiana
Published: December 2021

The current study investigates case morphology development in a bilingual context. It is aimed at investigating potential mechanisms driving divergences in heritage language grammars as compared to the baseline monolingual standards. For the purposes of the study, 95 bilingual and monolingual children and adults were compared. Bilinguals residing in Israel acquired Russian from birth, while the age of onset of Hebrew varied. The participants completed a production task eliciting accusative case inflections. Both child and adult heritage speakers of Russian with early age of onset of Hebrew (before the age of 5) showed divergences in the production of the accusative case inflections as compared to monolingual Russian-speaking controls (adult and child), whereas grammars of Israeli heritage Russian speakers with later ages of onset of Hebrew, after the age of 5, were found to be intact. On the basis of Russian in contact with Hebrew, the study discusses how heritage language grammars differ from the baseline grammars of monolingual speakers and which mechanisms are associated with heritage language ultimate attainment. The effects of the age of onset and cross-linguistic influence from the dominant societal language are discussed as potential factors affecting the acquisition / maintenance of linguistic phenomena in heritage language grammars.
Does language transfer explain it all? The case of first language change in Russian-English bilinguals
Authors: Isurin Ludmila
Published: December 2021

The present paper discusses findings from an empirical study looking into grammatical changes of Russian as the native language under the influence of English as a foreign language in a group of Russian-English bilinguals residing in the U.S. Twenty monolingual Russians and thirty Russian-English bilinguals participated in the study. All bilingual participants emigrated from Russia after their Russian language was fully acquired and had lived in the U.S. for 10-31 years prior to the time of the study. A semi-structured interview targeting autobiographical memories was employed as an elicitation technique. The analysis of narratives revealed distinctive changes in Russian in the two domains: word order and null subject use. The observed changes in the use of null pronominals suggested transfer from English. Bilinguals with more exposure to English used null pronominals less frequently. However, the directionality of effect in the use of the inverted word order by bilinguals was opposite to the predictions. Bilinguals with a very limited current exposure to Russian retained the inverted word order better than bilinguals with a broad exposure to Russian. Changes in the use of the inverted word order were partly attributed to the observed changes in the use of impersonal and existential sentences. The paper argues against cross-linguistic influence as the sole explanation of the first language changes.