bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
English complex premodifiers and their German and Swedish correspondences
Authors: Levin Magnus , Ström Herold Jenny
Published: February 2024

This study concerns English hyphenated premodifiers (science-based targets; lower-back pain)
contrasted with their German and Swedish correspondences. The data stem from the Linnaeus University English-German-Swedish corpus
(LEGS), which contains non-fiction texts, but comparisons are also made to fiction texts from the English-Swedish Parallel Corpus
(ESPC). The study shows that these condensed and complex premodifiers are more frequent in English originals than in English
translations, and more typical of the non-fiction genre than that of fiction. Information density and terminological precision
thus seem to be more important factors for the use of hyphenated premodifiers than creativity and expressiveness. In original
English, two-thirds of the right-hand elements are either nouns or ed-participles. In translated English,
numerals as left-hand elements (three-page document) are less frequent than in original English. Regarding German
and Swedish correspondences, around half are premodifiers. Postmodifiers in the form of prepositional phrases and relative clauses
are more frequent in Swedish than in German, which instead “overuses” premodifying extended attributes. Compound
adjectives/participles and compound nouns are the most frequent correspondences in both German and Swedish. In almost half the
instances, German and Swedish translators choose the same correspondents, indicating a high degree of similarity in the structural
preferences in the two target languages.
Evaluating mobility extraction reliability in non-ideal organic transistors utilizing weak epitaxy-grown pentacene films
Authors: Tang Deqian , Yuan Beibei , Wang Haibo
Published: February 2024

Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) have exhibited enhanced carrier mobilities, albeit often accompanied by non-ideal electrical characteristics, posing challenges in accurately assessing device performance. Therefore, it is critical to understand the reliability of mobility values derived from these non-ideal current–voltage curves. In this study, high-quality pentacene films and their OTFTs were fabricated by using organic weak-epitaxy growth technology. We focused on investigating the relationship between effective mobilities and contact resistance by varying the interlayer thicknesses of MoO3 while maintaining the optimized semiconductor layer unchanged. An inverse correlation between the reliability factors and claimed mobilities is identified. For OTFTs with moderate contact resistance, the effective mobility exhibited minimal variation, remaining within a narrow 10% margin, accompanied high reliability factor. These results indicated the reliability of mobility extraction. Notably, the optimal thickness of MoO3 ranged between 2.0–3.0 nm. In contrast, a thicker MoO3 layer significantly decreased the reliability factor due to a high contact resistance, thereby rendering the effective mobility unreliable. Our works underscore the robustness of the estimation method for OTFTs featuring moderate contact resistance, providing guidance for the evaluation of material and device performance.
Annihilation mechanisms for interacting skyrmions in magnetic nanowire
Authors: Al Saidi W , Bhatti S , Piramanayagam S N , Sbiaa R
Published: February 2024

Magnetic skyrmions are considered potential candidates for spintronics-based memory and logic devices. For achieving high-density and high-speed devices, it is essential to study their interactions. In this paper, the interaction, dynamics and annihilation mechanisms of Néel skyrmions in nanowire confinement under the influence of spin-transfer torque (STT) and edge forces have been studied. Initially isolated, two Néel skyrmions are brought into proximity, leading to distinct interaction scenarios characterized by varying current densities. We explore the impact of these interactions on skyrmion trajectories, size evolution, and annihilation phenomena. Our findings reveal the interplay of skyrmion–skyrmion repulsive forces, edge effects, and the influence of STT, shedding light on the rich dynamics of these topological magnetic textures. Furthermore, we unveil the distinct annihilation mechanisms of the leading and trailing skyrmions under different forces, providing valuable insights into the fundamental physics of skyrmion behavior in confined geometries.
Novel deposition method for gold and platinum nanoparticles on silicon substrates utilizing poly (ethylene glycol) 6000 for MEIS analysis
Authors: Klippel T S , Fonteles Henrique , Torgo Daphne , Selau Felipe , Borges Eduarda , Konrad Bárbara , Trombini Henrique , Morais Jonder , do Carmo M Alves Maria , Benvenutti E V , Baptista D L , P L Grande and
Published: February 2024

The use of nanoparticles has significantly increased in many areas, such as biomedical research, being highly useful as nanoprobes for imaging and as nanocarriers for drug delivery applications. Nevertheless, this potential can only be achieved with the correct characterization of the nanoparticles, since their size and shape can directly affect their biological behavior. In this study, we propose a novel approach for a monolayer deposition of gold and platinum nanoparticles on Si substrates suitable for medium energy ion scattering (MEIS) analysis. The samples were prepared using poly(ethylene glycol) 6000 (PEG 6000) as a coating agent for the substrates, utilizing a spin coater-a versatile, cost-effective, and practical technique. The samples were first analyzed with the RBS technique to assess the adhesion and the overlapping of the nanoparticles in the substrates coated with PEG 6000 and then characterized through the MEIS technique. The analysis through MEIS allowed the determination of the shape, size, and coverage area of the nanoparticles. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were also performed on the samples, with the results corroborating the findings of the MEIS experiment. Together, the data obtained with microscopy and the MEIS technique suggests the effectiveness of the method in the production of monolayer samples.
High-temperature properties of dry air used as arc quenching medium and its mixture with vaporized
C2F4
: reaction products and critical reduced electric field strength at 300–3000 K
Authors: Yokomizu Y , Kodama N , Yamamoto I , Uchiyama S , Sato M , Nakamura Y , Edo T
Published: February 2024

Recently, electric power equipment manufacturers released a joint statement with the aim of developing high-voltage electrical equipment completely free of fluorinated gases such as fluoroketones and fluoronitriles, which are considered as alternatives to

S

F

6

and artificially produced compounds of F. This paper considers air as a typical gas present naturally in the environment to investigate its high-temperature properties, including an air mixture with

C

2

F

4

vapor injected from a polytetrafluoroethylene nozzle, for application as an arc-quenching medium in a high-voltage circuit breaker equipped with a nozzle. Chemical composition results for the reaction products at 300–3000 K show that the admixture of

C

2

F

4

vapor causes a decrease in the molar number of

O

2

contained in the air, owing to the production of O-containing compounds such as

C

O

2

and

C
O

. Additionally, the results reveal that the admixture of

C

2

F

4

vapor lead to the production of

C

F

4

as the predominant F-containing compound. Furthermore, the boundary condition for

O

2

production in terms of

O

2

molar number

X

O

2

and

C

2

F

4

molar number

X

C

2

F

4

is formulated. Such evaluation of the mixture composition enables the determination of a reduced effective collision ionization coefficient

α
ˉ

/

N

and a critical reduced electric field strength

E

c
r

/

N

, resulting in

α
ˉ

/

N

= 0. The strength

E

c
r

/

N

for the mixture with 30%–100%

C

2

F

4

molar fraction rises to approximately 150 Td (1 Td = 1 

×

10

−
21

 V m2) over 300–3000 K, which is 20–50 Td higher than that for high-temperature air unmixed with

C

2

F

4

vapor. The variation in

E

c
r

/

N

is discussed in terms of predominant electron impact processes and the electron energy distribution function in the mixture.
Visible proton Bragg curve imaging by colour centre photoluminescence in radiation detectors based on lithium fluoride films on silica
Authors: Montereali R M , Nigro V , Piccinini M , Vincenti M A , Nenzi P , Ronsivalle C , Nichelatti E
Published: February 2024

Passive solid-state radiation detectors, based on the visible photoluminescence (PL) of radiation-induced colour centres in optically transparent lithium fluoride (LiF), polycrystalline thin films are under investigation for proton beam advanced diagnostics. After proton exposure, the latent images stored in LiF as local formations of stable F2 and F3
+ aggregate defects, are directly read with a fluorescence microscope under illumination in the blue spectral range. Adopting a suitable irradiation geometry, the energy density that protons deposit in the material can be recorded as a spatial distribution of these light-emitting defects, from which a luminous replica of the proton Bragg curve can be thereafter extracted and analysed to reconstruct the proton beam energy spectrum. Their peculiar properties, such as wide dynamic range and linearity of the spectrally-integrated PL response vs. dose, make the investigation of two-dimensional LiF film radiation detectors grown on several types of substrate highly attractive. Here, the case of a LiF thin film thermally evaporated on a silica substrate, irradiated at grazing incidence with a 35 MeV proton beam, is investigated and reported for the first time. A comparison of the measured photoluminescent Bragg curve with Monte Carlo simulations demonstrates that the Bragg peak in the film is located at the very same position that would be expected in the underlying silica substrate rather than in LiF. The film packing density is shown not to have a significant effect on the peak depth, while even small nonzero grazing angle of the impinging proton beam is able to significantly modify the shape of the Bragg curve. These findings are ascribed to the effects of multiple Coulomb scattering in both the film and the substrate and are interesting for proton beam diagnostics and dosimetry.
The fluctuated structural/electronic properties of SrTiO3 two-dimensional materials caused by surface effects
Authors: Yang Tingkai , Yang Chao
Published: February 2024

Perovskite oxide thin films have many astonishing properties, such as multiferroicity, superconductivity, strong correlation, etc, and are closely related to orientations with different symmetry and structural characteristics. Recently, perovskite oxide films with only one unit cell thickness have been synthesized successfully (Ji et al 2019 Nature
570 87–90). Here we investigated the structure and electronic properties of SrTiO3 (STO) two-dimensional (2D) materials with (001), (110), and (111) surfaces. We found that due to surface effects caused atomic distortion fluctuations, the lattice constant and thickness of STO 2D materials with the (110) surface fluctuate sharply with the increase of atomic layers. The band gap of STO 2D materials exhibits oscillation as the number of atomic layers increases, due to the different atomic distortion and surface reconstruction with odd and even atomic layers. The STO 2D materials along (001) surfaces with different atomic layers are always semiconductors. As the atomic layers increasing, the electronic structure of STO 2D materials with (110) or (111) surfaces continuously transitioning between semiconductor and metallic phases, and finally totally become metallic phases, which is closely related to the surface reconstruction effect. The differences between STO 2D materials along the (001) and (110) or (111) surfaces are significant and can be explained by mixed Sr-d, Ti-d, and O-p orbitals. Our studies may provide new insights into the surface effects of perovskite oxide 2D materials.
Crucial role of interfacial interaction in 2D polar SiGe/GeC heterostructures
Authors: Alharbi Safia Abdullah R , Yu Ming
Published: February 2024

The planar charge transfer is a distinctive characteristic of the two-dimensional (2D) polar materials. When such 2D polar materials are involved in vertical heterostructures (VHs), in addition to the van der Waals (vdW) interlayer interaction, the interfacial interaction triggered by the in-plane charge transfer will play a crucial role. To deeply understand such mechanism, we conducted a comprehensive theoretical study focusing on the structural stability and electronic properties of 2D polar VHs built by commensurate SiGe/GeC bilayers with four species ordering patterns (classified as a C-group with patterns I and II and a Ge-group with patterns III and IV, respectively). It was found that the commensurate SiGe/GeC VHs are mainly stabilized by interfacial interactions (including the electrostatic interlayer bonding, the vdW force, as well as the sp
2/sp
3 orbital hybridization), with the Ge-group being the most energetically favorable than the C-group. A net charge redistribution occurs between adjacent layers, which is significant (∼0.23–0.25 e cell−1) in patterns II and IV, but slightly small (∼0.05–0.09 e cell−1) in patterns I and III, respectively, forming spontaneous p–n heterojunctions. Such interlayer charge transfer could also lead to a polarization in the interfacial region, with the electron depletion (accumulation) close to the GeC layer and the electron accumulation (depletion) close to the SiGe layer in the C-group (the Ge-group). This type of interface dipoles could induce a built-in electric field and help to promote photogenerated electrons (holes) migration. Furthermore, a semi-metal nature with a tiny direct band gap at the SiGe layer and a semiconducting nature at the GeC layer indicate that the commensurate SiG/GeC VHs possess a type-I band alignment of heterojunction and have a wide spectrum of light absorption capabilities, indicating its promising applications for enhancing light-matter interaction and interfacial engineering.
Identification of paramagnetic centers in irradiated Sn-doped silicon dioxide by first-principles
Authors: Giacomazzi L , Martin-Samos L , Richard N , Ceresoli D , Alessi A
Published: February 2024

We present a first-principles investigation of Sn paramagnetic centers in Sn-doped vitreous silica based on calculations of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) parameters. The present investigation provides evidence of an extended analogy between the family of Ge paramagnetic centers in Ge-doped silica and the family of Sn paramagnetic centers in Sn-doped silica for SnO2 concentrations below phase separation. We infer, also keeping into account the larger spin–orbit coupling of Sn atoms with respect to Ge atoms, that a peculiar and highly distorted three-fold coordinated Sn center (i.e. the Sn forward-oriented configuration) should give rise to an orthorhombic EPR signal of which we suggest a fingerprint in the EPR spectra recorded by Chiodini et al (2001 Phys. Rev. B 64 073102). Given its structural analogy with the

E
α

′

and Ge(2) centers, we here name it as the ‘Sn(2) center’. Moreover, we show that the single trapped electron at a SnO4 tetrahedron constitutes a paramagnetic center responsible for the orthorhombic EPR signal reported in Chiodini et al (1998 Phys. Rev. B 58 9615), confuting the early assignment to a distorted variant of the Sn-Eʹ center. We hence relabel the latter orthorhombic EPR signal as the ‘Sn(1) center’ due to its analogy to the Ge(1) center in Ge-doped silica.
Error analysis of calibration for horizontal tensor rotating accelerometer gravity gradiometer
Authors: Yu Xiaobing , Jiang Tao , Yu Li , Pi Jianyuan , Guo Xukai , Liang Yu , Ke Bohai , Hu Chenyuan , Fan Ji , Tu Liangcheng , Zhou Zebing , Liu Huafeng
Published: February 2024

The rotating accelerometer gravity gradiometer (RAGG) is regarded as a significant tool in geophysics applications such as resource exploration and gravity-assisted navigation research. Here we develop a prototype of the horizontal tensor RAGG and build a dedicated calibration platform for evaluating its performance. The error of calibration is theoretically computed and experimentally verified. The errors considered include higher-order terms of the gravity gradient error, positioning error, demodulation phase error, as well as the dimensions and density error of the gravitational mass. It has witnessed a high-accuracy gravity gradient calibration platform based on a motorized translation stage, with error values of 0.49 E (1 E = 10−9 s2) in channel

Γ

sin

and 0.24 E in channel

Γ

cos

. At an averaging time of 32 s, the RAGG demonstrates optimal stability, featuring a minimum Allan deviation value of 6.6 E in channel

Γ

sin

and 5.5 E in channel

Γ

cos

. And the RAGG has achieved a measurement noise floor of about 40 E/√Hz @ 0.001–0.1 Hz in both channels. For simulating engineering applications, the experimental results demonstrate a standard deviation error of only 3.2 E by employing a gravity gradient excitation step signal of 10 E. It shows that this RAGG has the potential for a wide range of applications.
Mathematical analysis of the solar assisted thermoelectric generator
Authors: Mishra Princy , Singh O P , Katiyar A K
Published: February 2024

The direct conversion of solar energy into electrical energy is primarily dependent on the photovoltaic systems. However, in the last few decades, researchers have shown interest to work on the thermoelectric modules for direct conversion of solar thermal energy into electrical energy based on the Seebeck effect. This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of various Solar Thermoelectric Generator (STEG) designs, focusing on their conversion efficiencies. Despite the comparatively lower efficiency of STEG in comparison to photovoltaic (PV) cells, owing to limitations in the figure of merit value and temperature differences between hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric modules, this study proposes strategies for enhancement. Approaches include the development of materials with higher figure of merit values, design optimization, solar tracking, heat storage systems, and efficient heat sink designs. Also, Mathematical analysis of the power and efficiency calculation of a STEG has been presented on the basis of some fundamental and derived mathematical equations. The overall efficiency of STEG, a product of Opto-thermal Efficiency and thermoelectric module efficiency, is explored, identifying an optimal hot side temperature for maximum efficiency. Module mismatch analyses for series and parallel connections are also derived, underscoring conditions for mitigating power loss. These findings serve as guidelines for designing more feasible and efficient STEG systems, with considerations for economic viability, sustainability and greenhouse gas reduction throughout the life cycle.
Investigating inorganic perovskite as absorber materials in perovskite solar cells: machine learning analysis and optimization
Authors: Shrivastav Nikhil , Madan Jaya , Hossain M Khalid , Mohammed Mustafa K A , Samajdar D P , Bhattarai Sagar , Pandey Rahul
Published: February 2024

This work investigates the potential of inorganic perovskites AgBiSCl2 and Al2Cu2Bi2S3Cl8 as absorber layers in perovskite solar cells, followed by the application of supervised machine learning models. Extensive exploration and optimization of device architectures FTO/SnO2/AgBiSCl2/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au and FTO/SnO2/Al2Cu2Bi2S3Cl8/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au are conducted, involving variations in absorber layer thickness (d), bulk defect density (Nt), and carrier mobility (μ
n,p). The AgBiSCl2-based device achieves an optimized conversion efficiency of 10.06%, while the Al2Cu2Bi2S3Cl8-based device achieves 12.27%. To train different machine learning models, 1600 datasets are collected for each device, and Neural Networks (NN), Random Forests (RF), and XGBoost (XGB) models are employed. The performance parameters, evaluated using mean squared error (MSE) and high R-squared (R2) values, demonstrate that XGB performs the best, achieving an MSE of 0.210 and R2 of 97.1% for AgBiSCl2 and 0.671 and 90.6% for Al2Cu2Bi2S3Cl8. Additionally, the impact of each variable (d, Nt, and μ
n,p) on the output is analyzed using Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) plots for each model. The results presented in this study pave the way for the advancement of perovskite material-based solar cells without relying on complex optoelectronic semiconducting equations and device simulators.
Detection of evoked resonant neural activity in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Lee Wee-Lih , Ward Nicole , Petoe Matthew , Moorhead Ashton , Lawson Kiaran , Xu San San , Bulluss Kristian , Thevathasan Wesley , McDermott Hugh , Perera Thushara
Published: February 2024

Objective. This study investigated a machine-learning approach to detect the presence of evoked resonant neural activity (ERNA) recorded during deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in people with Parkinson’s disease. Approach. Seven binary classifiers were trained to distinguish ERNA from the background neural activity using eight different time-domain signal features. Main results. Nested cross-validation revealed a strong classification performance of 99.1% accuracy, with 99.6% specificity and 98.7% sensitivity to detect ERNA. Using a semi-simulated ERNA dataset, the results show that a signal-to-noise ratio of 15 dB is required to maintain a 90% classifier sensitivity. ERNA detection is feasible with an appropriate combination of signal processing, feature extraction and classifier. Future work should consider reducing the computational complexity for use in real-time applications. Significance. The presence of ERNA can be used to indicate the location of a DBS electrode array during implantation surgery. The confidence score of the detector could be useful for assisting clinicians to adjust the position of the DBS electrode array inside/outside the STN.
Deuterium uptake, desorption and sputtering from W(110) surface covered with oxygen
Authors: Hodille E.A. , Pavec B. , Denis J. , Dunand A. , Ferro Y. , Minissale M. , Angot T. , Grisolia C. , Bisson R.
Published: February 2024

Rate equation modelling is performed to simulate

D
2

and

D
2

+

D

2
+

exposure of the

W

(
110
)

surface with varying coverage of oxygen atoms (O) from the clean surface up to 0.75 monolayer of O. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculated energetics are used as inputs for the surface processes and desorption energies are optimized to best reproduce the Thermal Desorption Spectrometry (TDS) experiments obtained for

D
2

exposure. For the clean surface, the optimized desorption energies (1.10 eV–1.40 eV) are below the DFT ones (1.30 eV–1.50 eV). For the O covered surface, the main desorption peak is reproduced with desorption energies of 1.10 eV and 1.00 eV for 0.50 and 0.75 monolayer of O respectively. This is slightly higher than the DFT predicted desorption energies. In order to simulate satisfactorily the total retention obtained experimentally for

D
2

+

D

2
+

exposure, a sputtering process needs to be added to the model, describing the sputtering of adsorbed species (D atoms) by the incident D ions. The impact of the sputtering process on the shape of the TDS spectra, on the total retention and on the recycling of D from the wall is discussed. In order to better characterize the sputtering process, especially its products and yields, atomistic calculations such as molecular dynamics are suggested as a next step for this study.
CTAB-assisted Hydrothermal Method for Tin Oxide Preparation as an Active Materials for Ethylene Gas Detection
Authors: Prayoga Adyatma , Iqbal Muhammad , Saputro Adhitya Gandaryus
Published: February 2024

Detection of ethylene gas, a chemical compound that affects the ripening rate of several kinds of fruits, can be one of the solutions to prevent the overripeness of fruits. Metal oxide semiconductors as an active material for gas sensors have several advantages, such as high sensitivity and low cost. Tin oxide is one of the metal oxide semiconductors that is often used to detect several kinds of gases. In this research, tin oxide will be used as an active material for detecting ethylene gas. Tin oxide was successfully synthesized by the CTAB-assisted hydrothermal method and characterized using XRD and SEM. The material is a tetragonal-phase tin oxide based on its diffraction peaks. Meanwhile, SEM imaging shows that tin oxide has morphologies of irregular nanoparticles. The performance test was done by exposing the materials to 20 ppm of ethylene gas in a temperature range of 150°C–350°C. From the test result, it was shown that at higher working temperatures, the sensitivity will be higher. At a working temperature of 350ºC, the sensitivity of ethylene detection is 4.9.
Synthesis and Characterization of Copper-Nickel Based Metal Organic Framework by Co-Precipitation Methode: Properties and Possible Application
Authors: Lidiawati N A , Nuruddin A , Nugraha
Published: February 2024

CuNi-BTC was synthesized using the co-precipitation method with precursors copper (II) nitrate trihydrate, nickel nitrate trihydrate, benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, and the addition of 10 wt% triethanolamine (TEOA) as a modulator. The synthesis was conducted at room temperature and dried at 60°C for 24 hours. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR), Brunnauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), and electrochemical measurement are techniques employed for the characterization of the material. The diffraction patterns of CuNi-BTC show similar diffraction peaks of the HKUST-1 at 2θ of 6.7°, 9.5°, 11.5°, and 13.4°, respectively. The morphology of CuNi-BTC has an octahedral shape with a pore on its surface. The BET analyses show that the surface area of CuNi-BTC is 534 m2/g with pore and diameter volumes of 0.044 cm3/g and 1.60 nm, respectively. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm graph shows the type IV characteristic of a mesoporous material. The electrochemical performance of the material was observed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods. The CuNi-BTC has current reduction and oxidation values of 4.46 and 3.38 μA, respectively, and has good stability at various scan rates between 10 – 100 mvs-1.
Synthesis and Characterization of ZIF 67 Manganese Bimetal for Electrochemical Sensor Application
Authors: Muslihati Atqiya , Gumilar Gilang , Nugraha Nugraha , Wasisto Hutomo Suryo , Yuliarto Brian
Published: February 2024

The field of sensor applications has witnessed substantial growth in diverse domains, including agriculture, food, oil, environment, and medicine. Among the varied methodologies employed, electrochemical methods stand out. The judicious selection of appropriate materials in this context significantly augments sensor efficiency. Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework 67 (ZIF 67), a highly porous material with an expansive surface area, offers facile synthesis, yet is impeded by limited conductivity. The introduction of additional metal derivatives has been reported to enhance its conductivity, with manganese, a transition metal, identified for its potential conductivity improvement and its influence on particle size. Thus, this paper aims to comprehensively explore the properties of manganese-modified ZIF 67, spanning structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties. Research findings indicate that manganese doping enhances crystallinity, as evident from X-ray diffraction analysis, while also impacting particle size (from

x
¯

514.4 nm to 944 nm), as assessed through SEM measurements. Furthermore, electrochemical performance reveals heightened peak current during redox processes reaching ±64 µA, indicative of improved conductivity from the ZIF 67 (±13 µA) and the bare (±43 µA). In light of these outcomes, this material emerges as a promising candidate for electrochemical sensor development.
A Novel Palm Sugar-Mediated Hydrothermal Synthesis of Spherical Tin Oxide for Enhanced SO2 Gas Detection
Authors: Nursyahid Annas , Septiani Ni Luh Wulan , Hermawan Angga
Published: February 2024

Sulfur dioxide (SO2), a hazardous gas resulting from combustion and natural reactions, poses environmental and health risks. This study presents a novel approach to synthesize tin oxide (SnO2) using palm sugar-mediated hydrothermal methods for enhanced SO2 gas sensing. The simplicity and cost-effectiveness of the method are highlighted, addressing challenges posed by complex and resource-intensive conventional methods. Spherical SnO2 particles were successfully synthesized and characterized using SEM and XRD techniques. From the SEM image, it was known that SnO2 has spherical morphologies and is expected to agglomerate after being calcined. XRD analysis shows that SnO2 has a rutile tetragonal phase structure. The synthesized SnO2 demonstrated favorable gas sensing properties when exposed to SO2, exhibiting elevated response at increased temperatures and a linear relationship between response and gas concentration. The results indicate the potential of this method for effective and efficient SO2 detection.
Photoanode Modification Based on Lignin Extracted from Rice Husk for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Rabelsa G , Firdaus Y , Shobih  , Hidayat J , Rijal M S , Sova R R , Yuliarto B
Published: February 2024

The photoanode optimization of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has been developed to create renewable devices based on green chemistry. TiO2 plays a crucial role in light absorption, charge separation, and electron transport within the photoanode of DSSCs. Modifying mesoporous TiO2 photoanode using lignin-template has been considered a viable option for photocatalyst synthesis. Lignin derived from rice husk is a potential material due to its abundant sources in many countries. Therefore, in this work, rice husk lignin was employed for non-toxic and low-cost material performance improvement of TiO2. Experimental results showed that the best efficiency and current density were identified as the effect of adding a 5% concentration of lignin on the TiO2 composite, namely 4.81% PCE.
Preliminary Study on the Modification of Quantum Dots/Geothermal Silica Nanocomposites with Breast Cancer Antibody (MUC-1)
Authors: Airyn Anastasya Erica , Apriyani Firda , Petrus Himawan T B M , Angelina Marissa , Kristiani Anis , Pambudi Fajar Inggit , Aisyiyah Jenie S N
Published: February 2024

In this research, a silica-based nanosensor is synthesized using the sol-gel method and subsequently modified with quantum dots and MUC-1 antibody to detect MCF7, a cell line commonly found in breast cancer. Synthesis of silica nanoparticles was conducted through the sol-gel process using NaOH and HCl. The characterization using surface area analysis shows that geothermal silica based nanoparticles exhibit specific size of 31.2 nm with specific surface area of 192.37 m2/g. The nanoparticles were then modified using Cd-based Carboxyl Quantum dots to give fluorescence properties, obtaining SiNP@QD. Characterization was performed using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy to understand the photostability of nanoparticles in PBS buffer in various concentrations. The fluorescent nanoparticles were then immobilized with MUC-1 antibody and the successful conjugation was confirmed with FTIR showing peaks at 1548 and 1637 cm−1 corresponding to the amide I and amide II stretching vibration, respectively. The MUC-1 antibody modified silica nanoparticles is potential to be applied as nanosensor for the optical detection of MCF-7 cell line as one of breast cancer biomarkers.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel Cobalt Glycerate Derived Nickel Cobalt Based Metal-Organic Framework
Authors: Lidiawati N A , Iqbal M , Irzaman  , Nugroho W S , Rusydi F
Published: February 2024

This study produced Ni/CO-MOF material from Ni/Co-Glycerate with Ni:Co composition ratios of 1:2, 1:5, and 1:10. The Ni/Co-Glycerate template was synthesized using the solvothermal method at 180°C for 16 hours and dried at 60°C for 6 hours. MOFs were synthesized by dissolving Ni/Co-Glycerate as the metal ion source and 2-mIM as the ligand in distilled water at room temperature. The precipitate was washed with ethanol and dried for 16 hours at 80°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) were used to examine material properties. The XRD results show that increasing the concentration of nickel metal can increase crystallinity, according to increasing intensity peaks at 2θ of 7.19°, 10.30°, 12.39°, and 17.88°. The morphology of Cu/Ni-MOF is hybrid; the hydroxide phase has a flower-like morphology, and MOFs have a circular shape. FT-IR spectra show the same spectrum absorption peaks band. The similarity of the peaks indicates that the functional groups in the Ni/Co-MOF material are the same at different metal concentrations.
Iodine Gas Detection System Using Color Sensor
Authors: Salam R M , Nurhaini F F , Anggakusuma R , Shidiq A , Putra B A N
Published: February 2024

Iodine can exist in the form of radioactive and non-radioactive states. Radioactive Iodine-131 (I-131) has been utilized in nuclear facilities. Due to its ability to be absorbed by the thyroid gland, I-131 is used for therapy in thyroid cancer cases. Contrary to the benefit, Iodine is a volatile material that becomes a health problem if humans inhale more than a certain dose under a certain period. Thus, to prevent overexposure to Iodine, all Iodine-related facilities must equip their facilities with Iodine detection systems. The most common radioactive detection system uses an expensive Na(Tl), and HPGe detector. So, this study will build a low-cost iodine detection system by means of a low-cost color-based sensor utilizing the color property of the Iodine gasses. This finding showed that the color sensor will detect the Iodine gas leaks in the air in a range of 0 - 100 ppm, resulting in a pink-dark purple color. This finding showed that the sensor could detect low concentrations of Iodine gas in particular areas very well. Since the good resolution of this detection system, it will be promising to be applied in a real-time iodine gasses detection system.
Ultrawide-band Wearable Antenna with Uniplanar Compact Electromagnetic Band Gap
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad Kinan , Nur Levy Olivia , Ryanu Harfan Hian
Published: February 2024

Ultrawide-band technology, commonly known as UWB, sends data over a wide frequency range for many applications. WBAN applications use wearable antennas because they have flexible materials and are suitable for telemedicine technology and have many advantages such as small size, lightweight, able to work at a wide enough frequency, easy fabrications, and affordable costs. In this research, the hexagonal patch ultrawide-band monopole planar wearable antenna was designed using Cordura Delinova 2000 textile material for the substrate and copper tape for the groundplane and patch. The Uniplanar Compact Electromagnetic Band Gap (UC-EBG) as a metamaterial was added to the design of the monopole planar antenna in this final project which aims to improve antenna parameters, increase efficiency, and reduce the effects of radiation on the body. From the measurement results on the antenna with the addition of the UC-EBG structure at the bottom of the patch, it produces a 6% fractional bandwidth increase and able to work in the frequency range of 3-10 GHz off-body conditions and 2-11 GHz on-body conditions. In the SAR test at 45 mm, it was found that the value decreased from previously 1.535 W/Kg to 1.31 W/Kg at a frequency of 3.5 GHz and previously from 1.421 to 1.267 W/Kg at a frequency of 5 GHz on a wrist phantom object which is a good value for SAR. The resulting increase in antenna gain after the addition of the UC-EBG structure. The radiation pattern on the antenna is bidirectional.
High-rate, high-resolution single photon X-ray imaging: Medipix4, a large 4-side buttable pixel readout chip with high granularity and spectroscopic capabilities
Authors: Sriskaran V. , Alozy J. , Ballabriga R. , Campbell M. , Christodoulou P. , Heijne E. , Koukab A. , Kugathasan T. , Llopart X. , Piller M. , Pulli A. , Sallese J.-M. , Tlustos L.
Published: February 2024

The Medipix4 chip is the latest member in the
Medipix/Timepix family of hybrid pixel detector chips aimed at
high-rate spectroscopic X-ray imaging using high-Z materials. It can
be tiled on all 4 sides making it ideal for constructing large-area
detectors with minimal dead area. The chip is designed to read out a
sensor of 320 × 320 pixels with dimensions of
75 μm× 75 μm or 160 × 160 pixels
with dimensions of 150 μm× 150 μm. The
readout architecture features energy binning of the single photons,
which includes charge sharing correction for hits with energy spread
over adjacent pixels. This paper presents the specifications,
architecture, and circuit implementation of the chip, along with the
first electrical measurements.
Semisolid extrusion 3D printing of Dolutegravir-Chitosan nanoparticles laden polymeric buccal films: personalized solution for pediatric treatment
Authors: Krishnan Priya Dharshini , Durai Ramya Devi , Veluri Sivanjineyulu , B Narayanan Vedha Hari
Published: February 2024

In this work, the semi solid extrusion 3D printing process was utilized to incorporate anti-HIV drug Dolutegravir and its nanoparticles into the buccal film (BF) that was fabricated using the developed polymer ink. The composite made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate was processed into a 3D printing polymer ink with optimum viscosity (9587 ± 219 cP) needed for the seamless extrusion through the nozzle of the 3D printer. The formulated BFs were assessed for its physical properties like weight (0.414 ± 0.3 g), thickness (1.54 ± 0.02 mm), swelling index (18.5 ± 0.91%), and mucoadhesiveness strength (0.165 ± 0.09 N) etc, The structural integrity and the surface morphology of the developed BFs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The chemical stability and the solid-state nature of the drug in the BFs were assessed by Fourier transform infrared and x-ray diffraction analysis respectively. Further the BFs were assessed for drug dissolution in-vitro and ex-vivo, to study the effect of polymer composition and printing condition on the dissolution profile of the drug in the simulated salivary fluid. The results demonstrated that the developed PVA based polymer ink for 3D printing utilizing pressure is a versatile approach in the context of manufacturing mucoadhesive BFs customized in terms of shape and the amount of drug loaded.
A facile method to fabricate versatile keratin cryogels for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Zhao Zhitong , Chua Huei Min , Lai Hui Ying , Ng Kee Woei
Published: February 2024

Human hair keratin (HHK) has been extensively explored as a biomaterial for soft tissue regeneration due to their excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility. The possibility to fabricate HHK into three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels with physical properties resembling soft tissues has been well demonstrated. However, conventional keratin hydrogels often exhibit a dense architecture that could hinder cell filtration. In the present study, HHK-based cryogels were fabricated using a freeze-thaw (FT) method, where oxidized dopamine (ODA) was employed to covalently crosslink thiol/amine rich-keratin molecules at sub-zero temperatures. The obtained HHK-ODA cryogels have micron-sized pores ranging between 100 and 200 μm and mechanical properties that can be tuned by varying the crosslinking density between ODA and HHK. Through optimization of the weight content of ODA and the number of FT cycles, the compressive strengths and stiffnesses of these cryogels achieved 15-fold increments from ∼1.5 kPa to ∼22 kPa and ∼300 Pa to ∼5000 Pa, respectively. The HHK-ODA cryogels competently supported human dermal fibroblast spreading and proliferation. Overall, this study exhibited a facile method to fabricate mechanically superior keratin-based cryogels with cell compatible microarchitecture, circumventing the need for complicated chemical modifications and the use of cytotoxic crosslinkers.
Exploring the efficacy of tryptone-stabilized silver nanoparticles against respiratory tract infection-causing bacteria: a study on planktonic and biofilm forms
Authors: Pandey Pooja , Pradhan Sristi , Meher Kimaya , Lopus Manu , Vavilala Sirisha L
Published: February 2024

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a common cause of mortality and morbidity in the human population. The overuse of antibiotics to overcome such infections has led to antibiotic resistance. The emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria is necessitating the development of novel therapeutic techniques in order to avoid a major global clinical threat. Our study aims to investigate the potential of tryptone stabilised silver nanoparticles (Ts-AgNPs) on planktonic and biofilms produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The MIC50 of Ts-AgNPs was found to be as low as 1.7 μg ml−1 and 2.7 μg ml−1 for K. pneumoniae and P.aeruginosa respectively. Ts-AgNPs ability to alter redox environment by producing intracellular ROS, time-kill curves showing substantial decrease in the bacterial growth and significantly reduced colony forming units further validate its antimicrobial effect. The biofilm inhibition and eradication ability of Ts-AgNPs was found to be as high as 93% and 97% in both the tested organisms. A significant decrease in the eDNA and EPS quantity in Ts-AgNPs treated cells proved its ability to successfully distort the matrix and matured biofilms. Interestingly Ts-AgNPs also attenuated QS-induced virulence factors production. This study paves way to develop Ts-AgNPs as novel antibiotics against RTIs causing bacterial biofilms.
Large deviations at level 2.5 and for trajectories observables of diffusion processes: the missing parts with respect to their random-walks counterparts
Authors: Monthus Cécile
Published: February 2024

Behind the nice unification provided by the notion of the level 2.5 in the field of large deviations for time-averages over a long Markov trajectory, there are nevertheless very important qualitative differences between the meaning of the level 2.5 for diffusion processes on one hand, and the meaning of the level 2.5 for Markov chains either in discrete-time or in continuous-time on the other hand. In order to analyze these differences in detail, it is thus useful to consider two types of random walks converging towards a given diffusion process in dimension d involving arbitrary space-dependent forces and diffusion coefficients, namely (i) continuous-time random walks on the regular lattice of spacing b; (ii) discrete-time random walks in continuous space with a small time-step τ. One can then analyze how the large deviations at level 2.5 for these two types of random walks behave in the limits b → 0 and τ → 0 respectively, in order to describe how the fluctuations of some empirical observables of the random walks are suppressed in the limit of diffusion processes. One can then also study the limits b → 0 and τ → 0 for any trajectory observable of the random walks that can be decomposed on its empirical density and its empirical flows in order to see how it is projected on the appropriate trajectory observable of the diffusion process involving its empirical density and its empirical current.
Criteria for Davies irreducibility of Markovian quantum dynamics
Authors: Zhang Yikang , Barthel Thomas
Published: February 2024

The dynamics of Markovian open quantum systems are described by Lindblad master equations, generating a quantum dynamical semigroup. An important concept for such systems is (Davies) irreducibility, i.e. the question whether there exist non-trivial invariant subspaces. Steady states of irreducible systems are unique and faithful, i.e. they have full rank. In the 1970s, Frigerio showed that a system is irreducible if the Lindblad operators span a self-adjoint set with trivial commutant. We discuss a more general and powerful algebraic criterion, showing that a system is irreducible if and only if the multiplicative algebra generated by the Lindblad operators La
and the operator

i
H
+

∑
a

L
a
†

L
a

, involving the Hamiltonian H, is the entire operator space. Examples for two-level systems, show that a change of Hamiltonian terms as well as the addition or removal of dissipators can render a reducible system irreducible and vice versa. Examples for many-body systems show that a large class of spin chains can be rendered irreducible by dissipators on just one or two sites. Additionally, we discuss the decisive differences between (Davies) reducibility and Evans reducibility for quantum channels and dynamical semigroups which has lead to some confusion in the recent physics literature, especially, in the context of boundary-driven systems. We give a criterion for quantum reducibility in terms of associated classical Markov processes and, lastly, discuss the relation of the main result to the stabilization of pure states and argue that systems with local Lindblad operators cannot stabilize pure Fermi-sea states.
Effect of Pruning in Coffee-Based Agroforestry System on Soil Chemical Properties
Authors: Kurniawan Syahrul , Muhammad Yusuf Adi Pujo Nugroho R , Nuklis Amelia , Dewanti Regina Wibowo Clara , Anggraini Fanny , Naufal Balangga Muhammad , Ayu Ardianti Arini , Indraningsih Bekti , Aisyawati Lina , Auliya Nugroho Gabryna
Published: February 2024

The low coffee productivity in smallholder coffee-based agroforestry systems and soil fertility degradation indicate mismanagement in soil and plant systems. The study examined pruning management practices on soil chemical properties in smallholder coffee agroforestry systems. Different pruning management were examined on UB forest coffee-pine agroforestry, namely pruned pine and unpruned coffee (T1), unpruned pine and pruned coffee (T2), and unpruned pine and unpruned coffee (T3). Each treatment has four replications, a total of 12 plots (size 2×3 meters for each plot). Soil samples were taken from five sampling points in each plot, ranged between 0-50 cm from the coffee stems at two different soil depths (ie, 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) in each plot. Unpruned pine and coffee pruned (T2) plots had 21% to 61% higher total N at 20-40 cm soil depth than the other plots. Meanwhile, total K, soil exchangeable K and Na were higher from 21% to 335% in plots with pine and coffee without pruning (T1) as compared to unpruned pine with pruned coffee (T2) and pine and coffee without pruning (T3), preferably at 0-20 cm soil depth. Lastly, the unpruned pine and unpruned coffee management (T3) had 98% to 162% higher soil exchangeable Ca and Mg at a depth of 0-20 cm as compared to the other plots. The study suggests that tree management can affect soil chemistry. The study also found differences in litter input and microclimate (i.e., temperature, moisture and humidity levels, both on soil and air) between plots which are potentially affected by decomposition rate of soil organic matter and nutrient mineralization.