bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversification and Local Embeddedness: The Rescaling of National New Area Governance in Post-Reform China
Authors: Wang Li , Chao Heng , Li Guicai
Published: November 2019

In the rapidly growing literature on exploring urban restructuring in reference to the state rescaling, many authors have neglected the relatively fixed and immobile forms of territorial organization. The development of China’s National New Areas (NNAs) provides an opportunity to explore the hybrid and multiscalar processes of state rescaling. From the perspective of rescaling, an analytical framework was established to examine the practice of NNAs and their governance rescaling in China. Every National New Area (NNA) is the result of China’s “state spatial selectivity”, and the central government has guided policies to a specific spatial scale to cope with the development crisis. The rescaling of NNA governance is the process of the functioning of all-level administrative subjects in the functional orientation, spatial zoning, administrative system, and power allocation through rigid or flexible means. In practice, there are significant governance scale differences in territorial spatial organization, administrative systems, and power distribution among the various NNAs, which has led to diverse governance modes. The degree of coupling between the scale of new and existing administrative divisions is the key to the rescaling of NNA governance. Most NNAs are still facing the challenge of unifying their territorial development logic. Discussions of state rescaling in western countries have focused on the super-local level. The case of China clearly shows the role of local embeddedness and diversification in rescaling.
Monetary Policy, Industry Heterogeneity and Systemic Risk—Based on a High Dimensional Network Analysis
Authors: Su Yaya , Huang Zhehao , Drakeford Benjamin M.
Published: November 2019

We utilized a high dimensional financial network to investigate the systemic risk contagion between different industries in China and to explore the impacts of monetary policy and industry heterogeneity factors. The empirical results suggest that the total level of systemic risk increased quite significantly during the 2008 global crisis and the 2015–2016 Stock Market Disaster. The energy, material, industrial, and financial sectors are the top systemic risk contributors. Industry heterogeneity variables such as the leverage ratio, book-to-market ratio, return on assets (ROA) and size have significant impacts on the systemic risk, but their effects on the systemic risk contribution are more pronounced than those on the systemic risk sensitivity. Moreover, monetary policy can effectively suppress the systemic risk diffusion derived from the leverage ratio. These results are essential for investors and regulators of risk management.
TVOCs and PM 2.5 in Naturally Ventilated Homes: Three Case Studies in a Mild Climate
Authors: Fernández-Agüera Jesica , Dominguez-Amarillo Samuel , Fornaciari Marco , Orlandi Fabio
Published: November 2019

In southern Europe, the present stock of social housing is ventilated naturally, with practice varying in the different seasons of the year. In winter, windows are kept closed most of the day with the exception of short periods for ventilation, whereas the rest of the year the windows are almost permanently open. In cold weather, air changes depend primarily on the air infiltrating across the envelope and when the temperature is warm, on the air flowing in through open windows. CO2, PM2.5, and TVOC concentration patterns were gathered over a year’s time in three social housing developments in southern Europe with different airtightness conditions and analyzed to determine possible relationships between environmental parameters and occupants’ use profiles. Correlations were found between TVOC and CO2 concentrations, for human activity was identified as the primary source of indoor contaminants: peak TVOC concentrations were related to specific household activities such as cooking or leisure. Indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were likewise observed to be correlated, although not linearly due to the presence of indoor sources. Ventilation as presently practiced in winter appears to be insufficient to dilute indoor contaminants in all three buildings, nor does summertime behavior guarantee air quality.
The Process of Ethnocentralizing the Concept of Ecological Agroalimentary Products for the Romanian Urban Consumer
Authors: Butu Alina , Vasiliu Codrin Dinu , Rodino Steliana , Brumă Ioan-Sebastian , Tanasă Lucian , Butu Marian
Published: November 2019

In the case of the Romanian urban consumer, ecological agroalimentary products do not merely operate on the discursive line mapped by the rules of certification. The ecology of the agroalimentary products is reinterpreted and, thus, an interesting phenomenon occurs. The products perceived as natural, local, or peasant are seen as ecological enough to influence the purchase decision. Hence, according to the Romanian urban consumer, the ecological product stands for a symbolic projection provided by their own experience and trust level as a consumer. In the present paper, we aimed to go beyond the theory claiming that such behavior is determined by confusion in the social action of purchase and, following this line of interpretation, we also intended to identify the symbolic systems and hermeneutical criteria by which the Romanian urban consumer makes a social projection of ecological agroalimentary products through certain ethnocentralizing mechanisms. Our research paper was based on a qualitative and quantitative anthropological analysis that had, as a starting point, a questionnaire applied online (with a total of 1792 respondents, out of which 1342 were urban respondents).
The Behavior Mechanism of the Urban Joint Distribution Alliance under Government Supervision from the Perspective of Sustainable Development
Authors: Zhang Na , Zhang Xiangxiang , Yang Yingjie
Published: November 2019

Urban joint distribution is closely related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, and governments and enterprises play an active role in the process of urban joint distribution. From the perspective of government regulations, this paper explores the mechanism and evolution law of the behavior of an urban joint distribution alliance. Based on the evolutionary game theory, a model of homogeneous enterprises participating in urban joint distribution operations under the guidance of government regulations is constructed. The mechanism and follow-up of alliance behavior are analyzed through the simulation of the relationship between parameters. It is found that, firstly, from the perspective of government regulations, in the early stage of the implementation of urban joint distribution projects, when the benefits of synergetic cooperation of enterprise alliances are relatively low and the costs are relatively high, it is necessary for the government to formulate incentive policies to improve government subsidies or to increase the penalties for non-cooperation of enterprises; Once a benign logistics environment and market mechanism are formed, the cooperation benefits increase, and the costs decrease, the government can then withdraw its supervision. Secondly, in the process of establishing urban joint distribution alliance under government supervision, it is better for the enterprises to actively achieve alliance cooperation and obtain government subsidies instead of passively accepting government supervision and paying penalties, in order to promote the formation of logistics ecological environment and market mechanism.
A Game Theory-Based Approach for Exploring Water Resource Exploitation Behavior in the Poyang Lake Basin, China
Authors: Lv Tiangui , Xie Hualin , Lu Hua , Zhang Xinmin , Yang Lei
Published: November 2019

Exploring the relationship between competition and cooperation in water resource exploitation by applying a game model is crucial for achieving stable equilibrium in the presence of environmental externalities. To explore this, we used the Poyang Lake Basin, which is divided into three overly exploited sub-regions, as an example. This paper selected the different types of sub-regions of Poyang Lake Basin as the research subjects, and then proposed a game model to study evolutionarily stable equilibrium strategies. The results are as follows: (1) the behavior of the sub-regions of Poyang Lake Basin are affected by one another and cannot achieve equilibrium through independent games, which also need external forces to coordinate the three reaches; (2) the benefits improve gradually from the state of “non-cooperation” to “full cooperation” and reach an ideal equilibrium when all the sub-regions choose the strategy of cooperation; (3) the strategic choice of sub-reaches is difficult to maximize the overall benefits of the basin in the absence of external constraints. To ensure that the sub-regions choose the cooperative strategy, the central government should support the cooperative subsidies of local governments. In addition to improving the equilibrium state of the sub-reaches, this study proposes the following policy implications: constructing a basin plan and promoting fiscal transfer payments, inducing an industrial gradient transfer, and strengthening the payment for the use of water resources.
A Study on the Improvement of Double-Skin Facade Operation for Reducing Heating Load in Winter
Authors: Sung Uk-Joo , Kim Seok-Hyun
Published: November 2019

A double-skin facade makes it possible to gain irradiance through the glass on the outer side in summer, and to increase the temperature of air flowing in the cavity so as to induce the flow of air current. Therefore, a double-skin facade is able to reduce the load of the outer skin, which is delivered from the outside to the inside in summer, and to serve as a buffer space for the internal and external environments in winter, and thereby prevent heat loss from the building envelope. Theoretical analysis was conducted to review the heat effects of a double-skin facade and to evaluate the performance of a plan for indoor load reduction. This study carried out a field measurement of a building with a double-skin facade and then analyzed the thermal phenomenon occurring in between the outer skin of the outside and the skin of the inside facing the building surface, according to the effects of irradiance going into the double-skin facade cavity. In order to propose an indoor air conditioning energy reduction plan using preheated air through the double-skin facade, this study utilized a building simulation to be implemented on the target building and then analyzed the effects of the improvement plan for the double-skin facade. A simulation model was suggested that implemented the aforementioned airflow network and analyzed the ventilation performance and energy performance according to the application of alternative plans and thermal effect. To find the actual state of operation of the double-skin facade in winter, this study measured the target building. A solar chimney-based double-skin facade was analyzed in winter. As a result, with the application of a solar chimney and a rise in its height, the available capacity of relatively larger solar heat increased, and therefore the proposed plan had excellent performance in terms of heating energy saving. When the thermal effect was applied to the solar chimney, the heating energy use effect of the solar irradiance of the double-skin facade was larger. When thermal effect was applied to a three-floor solar chimney, the heating energy use increased to about 7.6 times higher than that of the original performance of the double-skin facade.
Text Mining for Patent Analysis to Forecast Emerging Technologies in Wireless Power Transfer
Authors: Kim Ki Hong , Han Young Jae , Lee Sugil , Cho Sung Won , Lee Chulung
Published: November 2019

Governments around the world are planning to ban sales of vehicles running on petroleum-based fuels as an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and electric vehicles surfaced as a solution to decrease pollutants produced by the transportation sector. As a result, wireless power transfer technology has recently gained much attention as a convenient and practical method for charging electric vehicles. In this paper, patent analysis is conducted to identify emerging and vacant technology areas of wireless power transfer. Topics are first extracted from patents by text mining, and the topics with similar semantics are grouped together to form clusters. Then, the process of identifying emerging and vacant technology areas is improved by applying a time series analysis and innovation cycle of technology to the clustering result. Lastly, the results of clustering, time series, and innovation cycle are compared to minimize the possibility of misidentifying emerging and vacant technology areas, thus improving the accuracy of the identification process and the validity of the identified technology areas. The analysis results revealed that one emerging technology area and two vacant technology areas exist in wireless power transfer. The emerging technology area identified is circuitries consisting of transmitter coils and receiver coils for wireless power transfer, and the two vacant technology areas identified are wireless charging methods based on resonant inductive coupling and wireless power transfer condition monitoring methods or devices.
Changes in Land Cover in Cacheu River Mangroves Natural Park, Guinea-Bissau: The Need for a More Sustainable Management
Authors: García del Toro Eva M. , Más-López María Isabel
Published: November 2019

The aim of this paper is to study the evolution of vegetation and potential changes in land use in the Cacheu River Mangroves Natural Park in the Republic of Guinea-Bissau. To do this, we will study variations in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). In order to perform the calculations and subsequent analysis, images of the park from the years 2010 and 2017, corresponding to the same period of the year, so that the phenological stage is the same, were used. To perform a more reliable analysis, the park was divided into five different areas based upon the vegetation type or main use of the land in each of them; i.e.: mangals, palm forest, paddies, savannahs and others. Using a statistical sample, the NDVIs were calculated for each of these areas. The study made it possible to conclude that the changes in land cover observed represent a decrease in mangrove swamps, which are probably being replaced by other land uses, despite the fact that these forests constitute the most important ecological area of all those that make up the park. The park will therefore benefit from a more sustainable management.
Modified Driving Safety Field Based on Trajectory Prediction Model for Pedestrian–Vehicle Collision
Authors: Wu Renfei , Zheng Xunjia , Xu Yongneng , Wu Wei , Li Guopeng , Xu Qing , Nie Zhuming
Published: November 2019

Pedestrian–vehicle collision is an important component of traffic accidents. Over the past decades, it has become the focus of academic and industrial research and presents an important challenge. This study proposes a modified Driving Safety Field (DSF) model for pedestrian–vehicle risk assessment at an unsignalized road section, in which predicted positions are considered. A Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) model is employed for pedestrian intention inference, and a particle filtering model is conducted to simulate pedestrian motion. Driving data collection was conducted and pedestrian–vehicle scenarios were extracted. The effectiveness of the proposed model was evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations running 1000 times. Results show that the proposed risk assessment approach reduces braking times by 18.73%. Besides this, the average value of TTC−1 (the reciprocal of time-to-collision) and the maximum TTC−1 were decreased by 28.83% and 33.91%, respectively.
A Satellite Task Planning Algorithm Based on a Symmetric Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Liu Sikai , Yang Jun
Published: November 2019

The intelligent satellite, iSAT, is a concept based on software-defined satellites. Earth observation is one of the important applications of intelligent satellites. With the increasing demand for rapid satellite response and observation tasks, intelligent satellite in-orbit task planning has become an inevitable trend. In this paper, a mixed integer programming model for observation tasks is established, and a heuristic search algorithm based on a symmetric recurrent neural network is proposed. The configurable probability of the observation task is obtained by constructing a structural symmetric recurrent neural network, and finally, the optimal task planning scheme is obtained. The experimental results are compared with several typical heuristic search algorithms, which have certain advantages, and the validity of the paper is verified. Finally, future application prospects of the method are discussed.
About the Orbit Structure of Sequences of Maps of Integers
Authors: Niţică Viorel , Makhania Jeroz
Published: November 2019

Motivated by connections to the study of sequences of integers, we study, from a dynamical systems point of view, the orbit structure for certain sequences of maps of integers. We find sequences of maps for which all individual orbits are bounded and periodic and for which the number of periodic orbits of fixed period is finite. This allows the introduction of a formal ζ -function for the maps in these sequences, which are actually polynomials. We also find sequences of maps for which the orbit structure is more complicated, as they have both bounded and unbounded orbits, both individual and global. Most of our results are valid in a general numeration base.
Some Results on (Generalized) Fuzzy Multi-Hv-Ideals of Hv-Rings
Authors: Al Tahan Madeline , Hoskova-Mayerova Sarka , Davvaz Bijan
Published: November 2019

The concept of fuzzy multiset is well established in dealing with many real life problems. It is possible to find various applications of algebraic hypercompositional structures in natural, technical and social sciences, where symmetry, or the lack of symmetry, is clearly specified and laid out. In this paper, we use fuzzy multisets to introduce the concept of fuzzy multi- H v -ideals as a generalization of fuzzy H v -ideals. Moreover, we introduce the concept of generalized fuzzy multi- H v -ideals as a generalization of generalized fuzzy H v -ideals. Finally, we investigate the properties of these new concepts and present different examples.
Numerical Analysis with Keller-Box Scheme for Stagnation Point Effect on Flow of Micropolar Nanofluid over an Inclined Surface
Authors: Rafique Khuram , Anwar Muhammad Imran , Misiran Masnita , Khan Ilyas , Seikh Asiful H. , Sherif El-Sayed M. , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy
Published: November 2019

The prime aim of this paper is to probe the flow of micropolar nanofluid towards an inclined stretching surface adjacent to the stagnation region with Brownian motion and thermophoretic impacts. The chemical reaction and heat generation or absorption are also taken into account. The energy and mass transport of the micropolar nanofluid flow towards an inclined surface are discussed. The numerical solution is elucidated for the converted non-linear ordinary differential equation from the set of partial nonlinear differential equations via compatible similarity transformations. A converted system of ordinary differential equations is solved via the Keller-box scheme. The stretching velocity and external velocity are supposed to change linearly by the distance from the stagnation point. The impacts of involved parameters on the concerned physical quantities such as skin friction, Sherwood number, and energy exchange are discussed. These results are drawn through the graphs and presented in the tables. The energy and mass exchange rates show a direct relation with the stagnation point. In the same vein, skin friction diminishes with the growth of the stagnation factor. Heat and mass fluxes show an inverse correspondence with the inclination factor.
AFM Characterization of Stir-Induced Micro-Flow Features within the AA6082-T6 BFSW Welds
Authors: Tamadon Abbas , Pons Dirk J. , Clucas Don
Published: November 2019

Bobbin Friction Stir Welding (BFSW) is a thermomechanical process containing severe plastic deformation by mechanical stirring and Dynamic Recrystallization (DRX) during recooling. Here we report the three-dimensional characteristics of the micro-flow patterns within the aluminium weld structure. The Surface topography observations by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) show the stirred-induced microstructural evolution where the rearrangement of dislocations at the sub-grain scale, and the subsequent High- and Low-Angle Grain Boundaries (HAGBs, LAGBs) exhibit specific alterations in grain size and morphology of the weld texture. The dislocations interaction in different regions of the weld structure also was observed in correlation to the thermomechanical behaviour of the BFSW process. These micro-flow observations within the weld breadth give a new insight into the thermomechanical characteristics of the FSW process during the stirring action where the plastic flow has a key role in the formation of the weld region distinct from the base metal.
A Novel Niosome-Encapsulated Essential Oil Formulation to Prevent Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Contamination of Maize Grains During Storage
Authors: García-Díaz Marta , Patiño Belén , Vázquez Covadonga , Gil-Serna Jessica
Published: November 2019

Aflatoxin (AF) contamination of maize is a major concern for food safety. The use of chemical fungicides is controversial, and it is necessary to develop new effective methods to control Aspergillus flavus growth and, therefore, to avoid the presence of AFs in grains. In this work, we tested in vitro the effect of six essential oils (EOs) extracted from aromatic plants. We selected those from Satureja montana and Origanum virens because they show high levels of antifungal and antitoxigenic activity at low concentrations against A. flavus. EOs are highly volatile compounds and we have developed a new niosome-based encapsulation method to extend their shelf life and activity. These new formulations have been successfully applied to reduce fungal growth and AF accumulation in maize grains in a small-scale test, as well as placing the maize into polypropylene woven bags to simulate common storage conditions. In this latter case, the antifungal properties lasted up to 75 days after the first application.
A Simple LC–MS Method for the Quantitation of Alkaloids in Endophyte-Infected Perennial Ryegrass
Authors: Vassiliadis Simone , Elkins Aaron C. , Reddy Priyanka , Guthridge Kathryn M. , Spangenberg German C. , Rochfort Simone J.
Published: November 2019

The rapid identification and quantitation of alkaloids produced by Epichloë endophyte-infected pasture grass is important for the agricultural industry. Beneficial alkaloids, such as peramine, provide the grass with enhanced insect protection. Conversely, ergovaline and lolitrem B can negatively impact livestock. Currently, a single validated method to measure these combined alkaloids in planta does not exist. Here, a simple two-step extraction method was developed for Epichloë-infected perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Peramine, ergovaline and lolitrem B were quantified using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Alkaloid linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), accuracy, precision, selectivity, recovery, matrix effect and robustness were all established. The validated method was applied to eight different ryegrass-endophyte symbiota. Robustness was established by comparing quantitation results across two additional instruments; a triple quadruple mass spectrometer (QQQ MS) and by fluorescence detection (FLD). Quantitation results were similar across all three instruments, indicating good reproducibility. LOQ values ranged from 0.8 ng/mL to 6 ng/mL, approximately one hundred times lower than those established by previous work using FLD (for ergovaline and lolitrem B), and LC–MS (for peramine). This work provides the first highly sensitive quantitative LC–MS method for the accurate and reproducible quantitation of important endophyte-derived alkaloids.
Prevalences of Pospiviroid Contamination in Large Seed Lots of Tomato and Capsicum, and Related Seed Testing Considerations
Authors: Dall David , Penrose Lindsay , Daly Andrew , Constable Fiona , Gibbs Mark
Published: November 2019

Analyses of pospiviroids in commercial seed lots of tomato and capsicum, determined by testing of 12,000 to 40,000 seeds per lot, have enabled the development of empirically-derived distribution curves for the observed prevalences of viroids in those commodities. Those distribution curves can be considered in conjunction with statistically-based estimates of detection that would be achieved using other sample sizes. Statistical calculations using binomial distributions show that sample sizes of 3000 and 9400 seeds allow detection of viroid prevalences as low as 0.1% and 0.032%, respectively, with 95% confidence. Applying those calculations to observed viroid prevalences in contaminated tomato seed lots, it is estimated that the use of sample sizes of 3000 and 9400 seeds would detect 15% and 42%, respectively, of the contaminated seed lots identified using the larger sample sizes of approximately 20,000 seeds reported in this study. It is concluded that the higher costs associated with testing of larger sample sizes represent a worthwhile investment in agricultural biosecurity.
Detection and Characterization of Human Enteroviruses, Human Cosaviruses, and a New Human Parechovirus Type in Healthy Individuals in Osun State, Nigeria, 2016/2017
Authors: Osundare Folakemi Abiodun , Opaleye Oladele Oluyinka , Akindele Akeem Abiodun , Adedokun Samuel Adeyinka , Akanbi Olusola Anuoluwapo , Bock Claus-Thomas , Diedrich Sabine , Böttcher Sindy
Published: November 2019

Human enteroviruses and human parechoviruses are associated with a broad range of diseases and even severe and fatal conditions. For human cosaviruses, the etiological role is yet unknown. Little is known about the circulation of non-polio enteroviruses, human parechoviruses, and human cosaviruses in Nigeria. A total of 113 stool samples were collected from healthy individuals in Osun State between February 2016 and May 2017. RT-PCR assays targeting the 5′ non-coding region (5′ -NCR) were used to screen for human enteroviruses, human parechoviruses, and human cosaviruses. For human enteroviruses, species-specific RT-PCR assays targeting the VP1 regions were used for molecular typing. Inoculation was carried out on RD-A, CaCo-2, HEp-2C, and L20B cell lines to compare molecular and virological assays. Ten samples tested positive for enterovirus RNA with 11 strains detected, including CV-A13 (n = 3), E-18 (n = 2), CV-A20 (n = 1), CV-A24 (n = 1), EV-C99 (n = 1), and EV-C116 (n = 2). Three samples tested positive for human parechovirus RNA, and full genome sequencing on two samples allowed assignment to a new Parechovirus A type (HPeV-19). Thirty-three samples tested positive for cosavirus with assignment to species Cosavirus D and Cosavirus A based on the 5′-NCR region. Screening of stool samples collected from healthy individuals in Nigeria in 2016 and 2017 revealed a high diversity of circulating human enteroviruses, human parechoviruses, and human cosaviruses. Molecular assays for genotyping showed substantial benefits compared with those of cell-culture assays.
Nasal Cytokine Profiles of Patients Hospitalised with Respiratory Wheeze Associated with Rhinovirus C
Authors: Sikazwe Chisha T. , Laing Ingrid A. , Imrie Allison , Smith David W.
Published: November 2019

Background: Rhinovirus C is an important pathogen of asthmatic and non-asthmatic children hospitalised with episodic wheeze. Previous studies on other respiratory viruses have shown that several host cytokines correlate with duration of hospitalisation, but this has yet to be investigated in children with RV-C infection. We determined the nasal cytokine profiles of these children and investigated their relationship with RV-C load and clinical outcome. Flocked nasal swabs were collected from children aged 24–72 months presenting to the Emergency Department at Princess Margaret Hospital with a clinical diagnosis of acute wheeze and an acute upper respiratory tract viral infection. RV-C load was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and cytokine profiles were characterised by a commercial human cytokine 34-plex panel. RV-C was the most commonly detected virus in pre-school-aged children hospitalised with an episodic wheeze. RV-C load did not significantly differ between asthmatic and non-asthmatic patients. Both groups showed a Th2-based cytokine profile. However, Th17 response cytokines IL-17 and IL-1β were only elevated in RV-C-infected children with pre-existing asthma. Neither RV-C load nor any specific cytokines were associated illness severity in this study. Medically attended RV-C-induced wheeze is characterised by a Th2 inflammatory pattern, independent of viral load. Any therapeutic interventions should be aimed at modulating the host response following infection.
Parenterally Administered P24-VP8* Nanoparticle Vaccine Conferred Strong Protection against Rotavirus Diarrhea and Virus Shedding in Gnotobiotic Pigs
Authors: Ramesh Ashwin , Mao Jiangdi , Lei Shaohua , Twitchell Erica , Shiraz Ashton , Jiang Xi , Tan Ming , Yuan Lijuan
Published: November 2019

Current live rotavirus vaccines are costly with increased risk of intussusception due to vaccine replication in the gut of vaccinated children. New vaccines with improved safety and cost-effectiveness are needed. In this study, we assessed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a novel P24-VP8* nanoparticle vaccine using the gnotobiotic (Gn) pig model of human rotavirus infection and disease. Three doses of P24-VP8* (200 μg/dose) intramuscular vaccine with Al(OH)3 adjuvant (600 μg) conferred significant protection against infection and diarrhea after challenge with virulent Wa strain rotavirus. This was indicated by the significant reduction in the mean duration of diarrhea, virus shedding in feces, and significantly lower fecal cumulative consistency scores in post-challenge day (PCD) 1–7 among vaccinated pigs compared to the mock immunized controls. The P24-VP8* vaccine was highly immunogenic in Gn pigs. It induced strong VP8*-specific serum IgG and Wa-specific virus-neutralizing antibody responses from post-inoculation day 21 to PCD 7, but did not induce serum or intestinal IgA antibody responses or a strong effector T cell response, which are consistent with the immunization route, the adjuvant used, and the nature of the non-replicating vaccine. The findings are highly translatable and thus will facilitate clinical trials of the P24-VP8* nanoparticle vaccine.
Comparison of Safety and Vector-Specific Immune Responses in Healthy and HIV-Infected Populations Vaccinated with MVA-B
Authors: Couto Elvira , Diaz-Brito Vicenç , Mothe Beatriz , Guardo Alberto C. , Fernandez Irene , Ugarte Ainoa , Etcheverry Flor , Gómez Carmen E. , Esteban Mariano , Pich Judit , Arnaiz Joan Albert , López Bernaldo de Quirós Juan Carlos , Brander Christian , Plana Montserrat , García Felipe , Leal Lorna
Published: November 2019

There are few studies comparing the safety and immunogenicity of the same HIV immunogen in healthy volunteers and HIV-infected individuals. We analyzed demographics, adverse events (AEs), and immunogenicity against vaccinia virus in preventive (RISVAC02, n = 24 low-risk HIV-negative volunteers) and therapeutic (RISVAC03, n = 20 successfully treated chronically HIV-1-infected individuals) vaccine phase-I clinical trials that were performed with the same design and the same immunogen (modified vaccinia virus Ankara-B: MVA-B). Total AEs were significantly higher in HIV-infected patients (mean AEs/patient 6.6 vs. 12.8 (p < 0.01)). Conversely, the number of AEs related to vaccination (AEsRV) was similar between both groups. No grade III or IV AEsRV were observed in either clinical trial. Regarding the immunogenicity, the proportion of anti-vaccinia virus antibody responders was similar in both studies. Conversely, the magnitude of response was significantly higher in HIV-infected patients (median binding antibodies at w8 267 vs. 1600 U/mL (p = 0.002) and at w18 666 vs. 3200 U/mL (p = 0.003)). There was also a trend towards higher anti-vaccinia virus neutralizing activity in HIV-infected individuals (proportion of responders 37% vs. 63% (p = 0.09); median IC50 32 vs. 64 (p = 0.054)). This study confirms the safety of MVA-B independent of HIV serostatus. HIV-infected patients showed higher immune responses against vaccinia virus.
Experimental Investigation of Flow Characteristics in Porous Media at Low Reynolds Numbers (Re→0) under Different Constant Hydraulic Heads
Authors: Wang Lili , Li Yunliang , Zhao Guizhang , Chen Nanxiang , Xu Yuanzhi
Published: November 2019

Understanding natural flows in porous media with low Reynolds number (Re) has significant implications for both science and engineering. However, knowledge and experimental gaps remain regarding such natural flows. In this context, we designed a sand column-based laboratory filtration experiment to investigate flow characteristics in porous media with low Re. Four media were considered including two silts (silt-I and silt-II), one silty sand, and one medium sand. Results show that constant hydraulic head is presumed to be an important factor that affects flow regime in porous media. In general, the flow approaches Darcian at a constant hydraulic head of ~170 cm, whereas it becomes non-Darcian at a constant hydraulic head of ~230 cm. The type of media determines the Re range that delimitates between Darcy and non-Darcy flows. Specifically, the transition appears at 0.015 < Re < 0.020 for medium sand and 0.000027 < Re < 0.000029 for silt-II, respectively. In the condition of constant hydraulic heads, the breakdown of Darcy’s law may occur at very low Re values (Re→0). Media dependent Re ranges are probably needed to describe the beginning of non-Darcy flows, rather than 1 to 10 or other value for all media. Findings in this study can offer insights into calculation and simulation of flows in low-permeability reservoirs, pumping process of foundation pit excavation, and other non-Darcy flows in low-permeability media.
Improving Water Management Education across the Latin America and Caribbean Region
Authors: Lyon Steve W. , Goethals Peter , Schneider Petra , Dominguez-Granda Luis , Hampel Henrietta , Lam Norris , Nolivos Indira , Reinstorf Frido , Tejeda Raymundo C. Rodríguez , Vázquez Raúl F. , Ho Long
Published: November 2019

Education can help secure inclusive and resilient development around water resources. However, it is difficult to provide the latest science to those managing water resources (both now and in the future). Collectively, we hypothesize that dissemination and promotion of scientific knowledge using students as central agents to transfer theoretical knowledge into practice is an efficient way to address this difficulty. In this study, we test this hypothesis in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region as a representative case study region. First, we use a literature review to map a potential gap in research on education around water resources across the LAC region. We then review potential best practices to address this gap and to better translate water resources education techniques into the LAC region. Integral to these efforts is adopting students as agents for information transfer to help bridge the gap between the global state-of-the science and local water resources management. Our results highlight the need to establish a new standard of higher educational promoting exchange between countries as local populations are vulnerable to future shifts in climate at global scales and changes in land usage at regional scales. The new standard should include peer-to-peer mentoring achieved by jointly exchanging and training students and practitioners in water management techniques, increasing access to water data and pedagogic information across the region, and lowering administration roadblocks that prevent student exchange.
Measuring Surface Velocity of Water Flow by Dense Optical Flow Method
Authors: Wu Heng , Zhao Rongheng , Gan Xuetao , Ma Xiaoyi
Published: November 2019

Recent advances in video processing technology have provided a new approach to measuring the surface velocity of water flow (SVWF). However, most of the previous researches using video processing technology depended on tracers for target tracing, requiring spraying tracers in the measurement process. These methods are not convenient for velocity measurement. In this study, a dense optical flow method (Farneback optical flow method) was used to process the water flow video to get the estimated SVWFs. The estimated SVWFs were verified by the actual SVWFs measured by a portable propeller velocimeter. The regression analyses between the estimated SVWFs and the measured SVWFs were conducted. The coefficient of determinations (R2) of the estimated and the measured SVWFs in different test regions are between 0.81 and 0.85. The average relative errors of the estimated and the measured SVWFs in all test regions are no more than 6.5%. The results indicate that the method had a good accuracy in estimating the SVWF and is a feasible and promising approach to analyzing the surface velocity distribution of water flow.
Numerical Investigation of Techno-Economic Multiobjective Optimization of Geothermal Water Reservoir Development: A Case Study of China
Authors: Zhang Luyi , Wang Ruifei , Song Hongqing , Xie Hui , Fan Huifang , Sun Pengguang , Du Li
Published: November 2019

Renewable geothermal utilization is a significant approach for residential heating with two principal modes, direct geothermal district heating systems (DGDHSs) and indirect geothermal district heating systems (IGDHSs). The key principle of geothermal development design is to prevent premature thermal breakthrough, which could result in low efficiency of geothermal heating systems. In this paper, a new approach considering building heating demand, geothermal water resource protection, and optimal economic benefits is presented systematically. The results simulated by OGS software show that well spacing, reinjection temperature, and production rate are the most significant parameters affecting thermal breakthrough in geothermal reservoirs. In addition, production rate and reinjection temperature have a huge effect on the payback period of investment. Comparing IGDHS to DGDHS, the investment in construction of geothermal wells and the annual water consumption decrease by up to 10% and 50%, respectively. Additionally, electricity costs increase by 5% to 30%. The indirect geothermal district heating system with a well spacing of 300 m, a production rate of 100 m3/h, and a reinjection temperature of 301.15 K is much better for this case, both technically and economically. The systematic calculation approach can be reasonably applied to other regions with geothermal energy utilization.
An Improved Simplified Urban Storm Inundation Model Based on Urban Terrain and Catchment Modification
Authors: Li Yao , Hu Tangao , Zheng Gang , Shen Lida , Fan Jinjin , Zhang Dengrong
Published: November 2019

Flooding caused by unpredictable high-intensity rainfall events in urban areas has become a global phenomenon due to the combined effect of urbanization and climate change. There are numerous hydrodynamic models for urban flooding simulation and management. However, it is difficult for most of these models to simplify the surface runoff process and still provide high simulation accuracy. In this study, an improved simplified urban storm inundation model (SUSIM) that integrates urban terrain, precipitation, surface runoff and inundation models was proposed to quickly and accurately simulate the different inundation conditions by modifying the urban terrain and catchments. Haining City, China, was selected as a case study in which SUSIM was tested and validated. The results were as follows: (1) Detailed locations and depths of inundation were quickly calculated with high correlation coefficient (≥75%) compared to three actual rainfall events. (2) Four scenarios under different rainfall intensities (5-, 10-, 20- and 50-year return period, respectively) were designed. The maximum inundation depths significantly increased from 403 mm to 1522 mm and the maximum inundation area increased from 2904 m2 to 7330 m2. According to the simulation results, Haining Avenue, the West Mountain Park and the old urban area in the northeast part of the city would encounter the most extensive and severe inundation. The result reveals that the SUSIM could find inundation locations and calculate inundation depth and area quickly. It provides better insights and tools for urban inundation simulation and planning strategies.
Sistem Informasi Distribusi Produk pada CV. Trianom Agrotektur
Authors: Fikri Ahmad , Hasugian Leonardi Paris
Published: November 2019

CV. Trianom Agrotektur is a company that runs on coffe industry as a supplier of pristine coffee products without a mixture under Kadatuan Koffie brand, located on Jl. Karawitan No. 48, Bandung. Activities in distributing their coffee products especially to partners, ordering goods made by partners is still through communication media (social media or telephone), then each order data is processed using the Microsoft Office Excel program which will certainly take a long time. In addition, there is no data management for procurement of inventory and returns. The purpose of the research is to build an information system for managing order data from business partners to speed up in making report, build information systems of return from order goods of business partners, and procure inventory on CV. Trianom Agrotektur. As for several methods to meet the needs of building a proposed system,  it is data collection methods (primary and secondary), object-oriented system approach methods, and the method of developing the waterfall system. In programming languages, the author uses the PHP programming language in the Laravel framework and MySQL as database management. It is expected that by conducting this research, that is building an information system of supply that can speed up the making of order reports from business partners and their management, and provide a means of managing data procurement and returns.
PREVALÊNCIA DE TRANSTORNOS DO HUMOR E DE ANSIEDADE EM SERVIDORES PÚBLICOS AFASTADOS
Authors: Trevisan Rafaela Luiza , Cruz Roberto Moraes , Baasch Davi , Soares Diogo Picchioni , Ruppel da Rocha Ricelli Endrigo , De Lima Fabiola Polo
Published: November 2019

Os transtornos do humor e de ansiedade destacam-se como causa de absenteísmo-doença. O objetivo foi verificar a associação entre variáveis socioeconômicas e ocupacional com as prevalências destes transtornos, na população de servidores públicos catarinenses. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa com delineamento transversal, de abordagem descritiva e analítica. Verificou-se que 19,31%, do total de servidores esteve em licença tratamento de saúde, pelo menos uma vez, no período analisado (2010-13) (8.765 casos). Transtornos do humor e transtornos de ansiedade apresentaram respectivamente prevalências de 57,4% e 39,5%. Nestes grupos verificou-se associação com sexo, idade, estado civil, escolaridade, faixa salarial e tempo de serviço. Os resultados indicam possibilidade de identificar preditores sociodemográficos e ocupacionais destes transtornos mentais nesta população.
USUÁRIOS DE CRACK MARANHENSES: HABILIDADES SOCIAIS, HABILIDADES DE ENFRENTAMENTO E SUPORTE SOCIAL
Authors: Aguiar Karoline Giele Martins , Nesi de Mello Luana Thereza , Andretta Ilana
Published: November 2019

O uso de crack é considerado multicausal e as habilidades sociais (HS) são essenciais para o fortalecimento da rede de suporte social (SS). Objetivou-se descrever o perfil de usuários de crack, do Sul do Maranhão, suas HS, habilidades de enfrentamento (HE) e percepção sobre o SS. Trata-se de estudo descritivo e transversal, realizado com 61 usuários, em tratamento no CAPS-AD-III. Instrumentos utilizados: IHS-Del-Prette, IDHEA-AD e EPSUS. As análises descritivas identificaram que o perfil dos participantes se assemelha à literatura atual. No que concerne às HS, HE, e na percepção do SS, indica-se prejuízo no total dos escores. Destaca-se a importância de estudos sobre as características dessa população e a elaboração de intervenções que promovam o repertório de HS.
O LAR E O HABITAR PARA MORADORES DE SERVIÇO RESIDENCIAL TERAPÊUTICO
Authors: Capucho Mariana Carneiro , Constantinidis Teresinha Cid
Published: November 2019

Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender o entendimento de atuais moradores de um Serviço Residencial Terapêutico acerca do significado de lar e habitar. Foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com moradores de Residências Terapêuticas (RT) situadas em cidades de região metropolitana da Região Sudeste do país. A análise temática de conteúdo indicou núcleos de sentido que evidenciaram a casa e o habitar atrelados à presença da família, à liberdade, à autonomia, à proteção. É apontado que a RT não é um lar para todos, a importância da participação do ex-interno do hospital psiquiátrico no processo de passagem da internação para a residência terapêutica e a importância de fortalecimento de laços afetivos do morador.
DA PERSONALIDADE AO DASEIN: PENSAMENTO HEIDEGGERIANO E PRÁXIS CLÍNICA
Authors: Braga Tatiana Benevides Magalhães , Farinha Marciana Gonçalves
Published: November 2019

O presente artigo aborda as transformações sobre a ideia de personalidade propostas pela fenomenologia e seus desdobramentos nas teorias e sistemas psicológicos. Discute a desconstrução da abordagem substantiva da consciência proposta pela noção de consciência intencional husserliana e sua radicalização na noção de Dasein heideggeriana, enquanto ausência de propriedades quididativas prévias e pela fusionalidade eu-mundo em constante desenrolar de ser. São aprofundadas as noções heideggerianas de análise e analítica do Dasein e as implicações destes conceitos na práxis clínica em Psicologia. Nessa perspectiva, o exercício clínico é simultaneamente descrição possível, jogo interpretativo e interrogação pela experiência, encontrando-se simultaneamente diante da singularidade do eu e da pluralidade dos entes de seu mundo e das próprias dimensões do existir.
Iranite˗hémihédrite, bellite, phoenicochroite, vauquelinite et fornacite : synthèse et nouvelles données
Authors: Cesbron Fabien , Williams Sydney A.
Published: November 2019

Hemihedrite and iranite crystals were obtained by hydrothermal synthesis at 230 °C, for a pH range included between 9 and 9.5, and from aqueous solutions of 0.5 millimole of K₂CrO₄, 1 mM of Pb(NO₃)₂, and 3 to 6 mM of ZnCl₂ or CuCl₂ • 2 H₂O ; the silicium originated in the inner surfaces of the Pyrex tubes. Electron microprobe analysis confirmed the respective formulas ZnPb₁₀(CrO₄)₆ (SiO₄)₂(OH) and CuPb₁₀(CrO₄)₆(SiO₄)₂(OH). Several partial analysis on natural material suggested that a solid solution extends between hemihedrite and iranite ; further, it was possible to replace partially some of the (CrO₄)²⁻ groups by (SO₄)²⁻ groups : the resulting crystals, all of them twinned, contain about 6 wt % SO₃.

During these synthesis, a silico-chromate with an apatite structure was obtained ; its formula is Pb₁₀(CrO₄)₃(SiO₄)₃Cl₂ and it is hexagonal P6₃/m with a = 10.173 and c = 7.408 Å. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder pattern are : 4.195 (42) 11.1, 3.330 (42) 21.0, 3.036 (99) 22.1, 2.995 (100) 11.2 and 2.936 (62) 30.0. This compound would be very probably identical to the « bellite » (Pb, Ag)₅(CrO₄, AsO₄, SiO₄)₃Cl.

Very well shaped phoenicochroite crystals were synthesized above pH 9 and were studied with a two circle goniometer ; they are monoclinic C2/m with a = 14.014, b = 5.679, c = 7.144 Å and β = 115°14'.

Lastly vauquelinite Pb₂Cu(PO₄)(CrO₄)(OH) and fornacite Pb₂Cu (AsO₄)(CrO₄)(OH) were respectively synthesized between pH 2 and pH 8 and between pH 1.5 and pH 9.5 from aqueous solutions of 2 mM of Pb(NO₃)₂, 1 mM of CuCl₂ • 2 H₂O, 1 mMn of K₂CrO₄ and 1 mM of Na₂HPO₄ • 12 H₂O or of H₃AsO₄.