bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Limitation of United States Deterrence Strategy Towards North Korean Cyber Attacks
Authors: Sembodho Kukuh Ugie , Trihartono Agus , Hara Abubakar Eby
Published: April 2021

This paper tries to discuss the development of cyberwar that threatens many countries by referring to the example of the North Korean cyberattack against the United States (US). Cyberattack is a relatively new phenomenon that many countries have not been able to anticipate adequately because it is difficult to track it down and also find the actors behind it. So far, countries have frequently accused each other of these attacks, but it is difficult to retaliate or anticipate due to unclear evidence. Unlike conventional warfare, no cyberattack warfare norms have been developed nor have there been any attempts in that direction. One thing that can be done in such a condition is the development of technology that is not only able to ward off the attack but, as stated in the theory of deterrence, can also provide a deterrent effect on the attacking country. By referring to the case of North Korea's attack on the US, we see that even a country as great as the US has not been able to develop a successful deterrence.Keywords: deterrence, cyberspace, cybersecurity, United States, North KoreaTulisan ini membahas mengenai perkembangan perang siber yang menjadi ancaman utama bagi banyak negara hari ini, dengan focus pada serangan siber Korea Utara kepada Amerika Serikat(AS). Serangan siber merupakan fenomena yang relative baru, sehingga banyak negara belum mampu untuk mengantisipasi hal tersebut karena sifatnya yang susah untuk dilacak dan susah untuk mengetahui actor dibalik serangan tersebut. Sejauh ini negara tertentu seringkali dituduh menjadi dalang serangan siber, namun bukti yang seringkali tidak jelas membuat langkah antisipasi atau retaliasi menjadi sulit. Berbeda dengan perang konvensional, hingga saat ini belum ada norma serangan siber yang terbangun, bahkan pembicaraan mengenai hal tersebut cenderung minim. Sejalan dengan hal itu maka dalam perang siber dibutuhkan pengembangan tekonologi yang tidak hanya mampu untuk menangkal serangan tapi juga memberikan efek deterrence bagi negara penyerang. Dengan merujuk pada kasus serangan siber Korea Utara kepada Amerika Serikat, kita dapat melihat bahwa negara sekuat Amerika sekalipun ternyata belum mampu membuat mekanisme deterrence dalam serangan siber.Kata-kata kunci: Deterrence, Ruang Siber, Keamanan Siber, Amerika Serikat, Korea Utara.
Gawai Dayak Festival and the Increase of Foreign Tourist Visits
Authors: Elyta Elyta
Published: April 2021

AbstrakGawai Dayak adalah festival tahunan di Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia dan Sarawak, Malaysia, yang memperlihatkan kekayaan seni budaya dan tradisi Suku Dayak yang berkembang baik di Kalimantan Barat maupun di Sarawak. Artikel ini mengkaji upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah Propinsi Kalimantan Barat di dalam memanfaatkan festival Gawai Dayak sebagai sarana untuk meningkatkan kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara. Bagaimana langkah-langkah yang dapat dilakukan sehingga festival Gawai Dayak mampu menjadi sarana meningkatkan jumlah kunjungn wisatawan asing ke Kalimantan Barat? Menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, data yang dinalisis dalam artikel ini dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan studi dokumentasi yang terkait dengan penyelenggaraan Gawai Dayak. Sejumlah upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam membenahi tatakelola wisata di Kalimantan Barat teridentifikasi dan berpotensi menjadi instrumen soft power memperkenalkan budaya dan sekaligus menjadi sarana daya tarik wisata bagi Propinsi Kalimantan Barat. Kata Kunci: Gawai Dayak, pariwisata, soft power Gawai Dayak is an annual festival in West Kalimantan, Indonesia and Sarawak, Malaysia, which shows the richness of the arts and culture and traditions of the Dayak tribe that have developed both in West Kalimantan and in Sarawak. This article examines the efforts made by the West Kalimantan provincial government to utilize the Gawai Dayak festival as a means to increase foreign tourist visits. What steps can be taken so that the Gawai Dayak festival can be a means of increasing the number of foreign tourist visits to West Kalimantan? Using a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, the data analyzed in this article were collected through interviews and documentary studies related to organizing the Dayak Gawai event. A number of efforts made by the government in improving tourism management in West Kalimantan have been identified and have the potential to become a soft power instrument to introduce culture and at the same time become a means of tourist attraction for West Kalimantan Province. Keywords: Gawai Dayak, tourism, soft power
Between the Tongkonan building and the Marampa’ Church: The strategy of “adaptive space” for the Torajan migrant community in Jayapura City
Authors: Adventin Frisca Novia , Hutubessy Fred Keith
Published: April 2021

This paper examines the strategies of Torajan migrants that helped them to adapt to Jayapura City. This study was inspired by Edward Brunner and Suparlan to understand the concept of the dominant culture. This study uses qualitative research methods, collected by observations, interviews, documentation techniques, and through some of the literature on the migration of the Toraja people. The informants in this study is people who had come in the early days to Jayapura City. They were also members of the Toraja Family Association. These studies found out that the migrants tended to follow the dominant culture, dominated the dominant culture, and created the rules of the game for all communities to follow. They also have identity symbols, such as the Tongkonan building and the Marampa’ Church in Jayapura City. Hypothetically, these symbols show that they are able to adapt to Jayapura City. This study found that the Torajan migrant community in Jayapura took advantage of a strategy called “adaptive space.” This strategy is carried out through cultural redefinition and by identifying similarities with the dominant culture. They also provide for the common needs in the dominant culture and constructing external relations to adapt in Jayapura City.
Overcoming poverty in Laut Tribe households through gender relations on Lipan Island, Riau Islands Province
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Solina Emmy
Published: April 2021

The Laut Tribe on Lipan Island in Selayar District, Lingga Regency in the Riau Islands Province is a remote community that has received guidance from the government but they live below the poverty line. This study aimed to look at the gender relations of the Laut Tribe households in relation to overcoming the poverty problems, using a gender analysis approach. This study used a qualitative methodology with a descriptive approach. The informants of this study are the husbands and wives from Laut Tribe. The data was obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of this study showed that the women were contributors to the family’s economy, which was used to meet their daily needs. Some worked as shrimp peeler laborers and domestic servants, while others followed their husbands to go to sea to sort the catch. These women role was only considered to improve the family’s economy because of the patriarchal values constructed in the community. This has an impact on gender relations, in which there is a division of roles in the domestic and public sectors which causes the women to have a double burden and has no effect on the women’s bargaining position.
THE STRENGTH OF TRANSVERS ACRYLIC RESIN WITH GLASS FIBER SOAKED IN TEA
Authors: Sujati Sujati
Published: April 2021

Background: In acrylic removable dentures, brokenness often occurs in the midline region of the maxilla. Resistance to fracture depends on the physical properties of the material namely the transverse strength. This can be prevented by the addition of glass fibers. Tea is consumed by many people, acrylic resin dipped in steeping tea will reduce the strength of acrylic resin. How the physical properties of acrylic resin are modified by the addition of glass fiber effect when immersed in a tea solution. Purpose: This study was to determine the strength of transverse acrylic resin with the addition of glass fibers soaked in tea. Method: Rectangular acrylic resin with a size of 10 x 65 x 2.5 mm. The number of samples is 24. divided into 4 groups. namely 2 groups without glass fiber and 2 groups with glass fiber. The sample is measured by transverse strength using an autograph (Shimadzu) tool, then data is analyzed using ANOVA. Result: Acrylic resin without glass fiber immersed in tea solution decreases its transverse strength. while the acrylic resin was given glass fiber the strength value of the transversion does not differ significantly either soaked or not. Conclusion: Acrylic resin which is given glass fiber and soaked in tea does not reduce the strength of the transversion. This is due to the glass fiber filling the cavity in the acrylic resin.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND SLEEP RECOVERY ON SALIVARY PH
Authors: Handayani Fani Tuti , Widyaningsih Pratiwi Nur , Arjadi Fitranto
Published: April 2021

Background: Salivary pH can rise or fall influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Sleep deprivation is one example of intrinsic factors. Sleep deprivation causes a reduction in sleep time at a certain time. Purpose: Analyze the effect of different types of sleep deprivations and sleep recovery on salivary pH. Method: This study was experimental research with a post-test only with a control group design. Thirty white Wistar strain rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: healthy control group (KI), partial sleep deprivation (PSD/KII), total sleep deprivation (TSD/KIII), partial sleep deprivation, and continued sleep recovery (PSD+SR/KIV) and total sleep deprivation and continued sleep recovery (TSD+SR/KV). The treatment is carried out on a single platform method. Salivary pH was measured with the help of color-coded pH strips that were given grading after the completion of sleep deprivation induction. Result: The mean decrease in salivary pH was highest in the TSD group. One Way ANOVA test showed significant differences (p <0.05) in the control group with PSD and TSD, the PSD group with PSD+SR, TSD group with PSD+SR and TSD+SR. Conclusion: Sleep deprivation is proven to reduce the pH of Saliva. Total sleep deprivation is a chronic condition that has the most influence on decreasing salivary pH. The effect of decreasing salivary pH due to sleep deprivation is proven to be overcome by sleep recovery.
Diseño de campaña social para evitar la alteración en el sistema nervioso en jóvenes conductores de 22 a 28 años de vehiculos particulares por el exceso de contaminación visual en la Vía Expresa Javier Prado
Authors:   , Quispe Zambrano Yessenia Nessarine
Published: April 2021

La contaminación visual es todo aquello que perturba la visualización de una determinada zona o rompe la estética del paisaje. Este trabajo se centra en la contaminación visual vial, que incluye los paneles, afiches, pancartas, cables de telefonía móvil e internet, postes de luz, edificaciones con mal aspecto, entre otros. Estos elementos son todo aquello que causa una sobre estimulación en los viandantes y los conductores, y se concentra en la Vía Expresa Javier Prado, entre el Óvalo Monitor Huáscar y la intersección con la Vía Expresa Evitamiento. Este tipo de contaminación visual vial es un problema muy peligroso, sobre todo, porque se asume como circunstancia normal en la vida de los usuarios de dicha avenida cuando a largo plazo la contaminación visual vial puede producir estrés y probables accidentes de tráfico. Teniendo en cuenta la problemática planteada líneas arriba, este trabajo se centra en una campaña social llamada “Sin Distracción”. Como su propio nombre lo dice, sin distracción manejas mucho mejor y podrás evitar accidentes de tráfico. El propósito de este trabajo es informar a los jóvenes conductores, de una forma amena y divertida, acerca de la problemática de la contaminación visual mediante la creación en un canal de YouTube y de un personaje. El aporte de este proyecto es la creación de un programa que incluye, de manera amena, contenidos informativos sobre las consecuencias de la contaminación visual y cómo podemos mejorar la calidad de vida de quienes están expuestos a este problema.
Conditional Loss of the Exocyst Component exoc5 in Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) Results in RPE Dysfunction, Photo-Receptor Cell Degeneration, and Decreased Visual Function.
Authors: Rohrer Bärbel , Obert Elisabeth , Dang Yujing , Su Yanhui , Zuo Xiaofeng , Fogelgren Ben , Biswal Manas R , Kondkar Altaf A , Lobo Glenn Prazere , Lipshutz Joshua H
Published: April 2021

To characterize the mechanisms by which the highly-conserved exocyst trafficking complex regulates eye physiology in zebrafish and mice, we focused on exoc5 (aka sec10), a central exocyst component. We analyzed both exoc5 zebrafish mutants and retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE)-specific Exoc5 knockout mice. Exoc5 is present in both the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body and in the RPE. In this study we set out to establish an animal model to study the mechanisms underlying the ocular phenotype and to establish if loss of visual function is induced by postnatal RPE Exoc5-deficiency. Exoc5-/- zebrafish showed smaller eyes, with decreased number of melanocytes in the RPE and shorter photoreceptor outer segments. At 3.5 days post fertilization, loss of rod and cone opsins were observed in zebrafish Tg:exoc5 mutants. Mice with postnatal RPE-specific loss of Exoc5 showed retinal thinning associated with compromised visual function, and loss of visual photoreceptor pigments. This retinal phenotype in Exoc5-/- mice was present at 20-weeks, and the phenotype was more severe at 27-weeks, indicating progressive disease phenotype. We previously showed that the exocyst is necessary for photoreceptor ciliogenesis and retinal development. Here, we report that exoc5 mutant zebrafish and mice with RPE-specific genetic ablation of Exoc5 develop abnormal RPE pigmentation, resulting in retinal cell dystrophy and loss of visual pigments associated with compromised vision. As RPE cells are “downstream” of photoreceptor cells in the visual process, these data suggest exocyst-mediated retrograde communication and dependence between the RPE and photoreceptors.
Effect of LiNbO3 on the Electrocaloric Performance of 0.94BNT-0.06BT Ceramic Materials
Authors: Chen Jing , Wu Lei , Duan Luanfan , Liu Dongren
Published: April 2021

Considering that the electric refrigeration temperature range of 0.94BNT-0.06BT ceramic materials is 100~140˚C, the electric refrigeration performance of the 0.94BNT-0.06BT ceramic material system was modified by LiNbO3 doping to reduce the cooling temperature. As a result, the refrigeration temperature range of the 0.94BNT-0.06BT ceramic material system was lowered to 25~80 ˚C, achieving its cooling effect near room temperature, and in this temperature range, the adiabatic temperature changes ∆T>0.6K.
Zoonotic Risk Technology Enters the Viral Emergence Toolkit
Authors: Carlson Colin , Farrell Maxwell , Grange Zoe , Han Barbara , Mollentze Nardus , Phelan Alexandra , Rasmussen Angela , Albery Gregory , Bett Bernard , Brett-Major David , Cohen Lily , Dallas Tad , Eskew Evan , Fagre Anna , Forbes Kristian , Gibb Rory , Halabi Sam , Hammer Charlotte , Katz Rebecca , Kindrachuk Jason , Muylaert Renata , Nutter Felicia , Ogola Joseph , Olival Kevin , Rourke Michelle , Ryan Sadie , Ross Noam , Seifert Stephanie , Sironen Tarja , Standley Claire , Taylor Kishana , Venter Marietje , Webala Paul
Published: April 2021

In light of the urgency raised by the COVID-19 pandemic, global investment in wildlife virology is likely to increase, and new surveillance programs will identify hundreds of novel viruses that might someday pose a threat to humans. Our capacity to identify which viruses are capable of zoonotic emergence depends on the existence of a technology—a machine learning model or other informatic system—that leverages available data on known zoonoses to identify which animal pathogens could someday pose a threat to global health. We synthesize the findings of an interdisciplinary workshop on zoonotic risk technologies to answer the following questions: What are the prerequisites, in terms of open data, equity, and interdisciplinary collaboration, to the development and application of those tools? What effect could the technology have on global health? Who would control that technology, who would have access to it, and who would benefit from it? Would it improve pandemic prevention? Could it create new challenges?
Different Lower Extremity Arterial Calcification Patterns in Patients with Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia Compared with Asymptomatic Controls
Authors: Konijn Louise CD , Takx Richard AP , Mali Willem PThM , Veger Hugo TC , van Overhagen Hendrik
Published: April 2021

Objectives The most severe type of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is critical limb ischaemia (CLI). In CLI, calcification of the vessel wall plays an important role in symptoms, amputation rate and mortality. However, calcified arteries are also found in asymptomatic persons (non-PAD patients). We investigated whether the calcification pattern in CLI patients and non- PAD patients are different and could possibly explain the symptoms in CLI patients. Materials and Methods 130 CLI and 204 non-PAD patients underwent a CT of the lower extremities. This resulted in 118 CLI patients (mean age 72±12, 70.3% male) that were age-matched with 118 non-PAD patients (mean age 71±11, 51.7% male). The characteristics severity, annularity, thickness and continuity were assessed in the femoral and crural arteries and analysed by binary multiple logistic regression. Results Nearly all CLI patients have calcifications and these are equally frequent in the femoropopliteal (98.3%) and crural arteries (97.5%), while the non-PAD patients had in just 67% any calcifications with more calcifications in the femoropopliteal (70.3%) than in the crural arteries (55.9%, p<0.005). The crural arteries of the CLI patients had significantly more complete annular calcifications (OR 2.92, p=0.001.) while in the non-PAD patients dot-like calcifications dominated. In CLI patients, the femoropopliteal arteries had more severe, irregular / patchy and thick calcifications (OR 2.40, 3.27, 1.81, p≤0.05, respectively) while in non-PAD patients, thin continuous calcifications prevailed. Conclusions Compared with non-PAD patients CLI patients are more frequently and extensively calcified. Annular calcifications were found in the crural arteries of CLI patients while dot-like calcifications were mostly present in the non-PAD patients. These different patterns of calcifications in CLI point at different etiology and can have prognostic and eventually therapeutic consequences.
A Solution of the Cosmological Constant and DE Using Breakup of Primordial Black Holes, Via a Criteria Brought Up by Dr. Freeze Which Initiates DE as Linked to Inflation
Authors: Beckwith Andrew
Published: April 2021

We reduplicate the Book “Dark Energy” by M. Li, X-D. Li, and Y. Wang, given zero-point energy calculation with an unexpected “length’ added to the ‘width’ of a graviton wave just prior to specifying the creation of ‘gravitons’, while using Karen Freeze’s criteria as to the breakup of primordial black holes to give radiation era contributions to GW generation. The GW generation will be when there is sufficient early universe density so as to break apart Relic Black holes of the order of Planck mass (10^15 grams) which isabout when the mass of relic black holes is created, 10^-27 or so seconds after expansion starts. Need to state a key result will be in the initial potential V calculated, in terms of other input variables
The Prominin-1 Derived Peptide Improves Cardiac Function Following Ischemia
Authors: Adini Avner , adini irit , Grad Etty , Tal Yuval , Danenberg Haim D. , Kang Peter , Matthews Benjamin D. , D'amato Robert
Published: April 2021

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the leading cause of death in the western world. Although medical advancements have been made in interventional revascularization technologies, a large percentage of patients are not candidates for them due to co-morbidities or lack of local resources. Thus, there remains a need for the development of novel non-invasive strategies to treat MI. Approaches to accelerate revascularization within ischemic tissues through angiogenesis by providing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in protein or gene form has been shown to be effective in animal models but not in humans likely due to its short half-life and systemic toxicity. We previously showed that a small peptide (PR1P) we developed stabilizes VEGF in its active dimer state, increases VEGF binding to its receptors and potentiates VEGF activity. Here we show that systemic PR1P treatment targeted, stabilized and upregulated endogenous VEGF within ischemic myocardium following left coronary artery surgery in mice and rats. Targeted VEGF upregulation led to augmentation of heart function at two weeks following surgery. We conclude that PR1P is a potential candidate therapeutic for MI.
Criminal Protection of the Family in the Iraqi Legislation
Authors: Almusawi Bassim Jameel
Published: April 2021

The protection of the family is the basic principle for building a strong society and family protection policy is one of the most significant among the responsibilities of legislations. The current paper reviews the protection of family according to Iraqi legislation and discusses various types of crimes involving children or families according to Iraqi law. In this article doctrinal legal research was adopted and it assessed sources from both primary and secondary data. The research concludes that Iraqi legislation provides correct protection through a number of legal texts organizing the crimes against family. However, it has failed to achieve full criminal protection for the family. There are both theoretical weakness of law and the routine abuse against family in daily practice. The present paper aims to fill a critical gap in our understanding regarding deficient area in Iraqi law while dealing with the rights of members of family and proposes further work to be done so that Iraqi legislator can provide full criminal protection for family.
Legal Problems of Environmental Impact Assessment in Thailand Calling for Law Revision
Authors: Phothiruk Darika
Published: April 2021

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is well-known and widely used as an essential tool for environmental management. Over the past 40 years, there have been problems and obstacles in law enforcement and prosecutions in many cases under the EIA laws related to national development projects in Thailand. For this reason, this article aims to present the results of a study of the legal measures on the EIA process in Thailand. This study was conducted through reviewing concepts and theories concerning the EIA and related laws both in Thailand and abroad. The main objective of this study was to analyze the condition of problems and obstacles caused by attempts made in the law enforcement. The importance of the study would result in revision of the laws related to the EIA process to achieve sustainable development goals.
Fracture Risk Assessment
Authors: Cozadd Andrew J. , Schroder Lisa K. , Switzer Julie A.
Published: April 2021

➤ Our ability to accurately identify high fracture risk in individuals has improved as the volume of clinical data has expanded and fracture risk assessment tools have been developed.

➤ Given its accessibility, affordability, and low radiation exposure, dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) remains the standard for osteoporosis screening and monitoring response to treatment.

➤ The trabecular bone score (TBS) is a DXA software add-on that uses lumbar spine DXA imaging to produce an output that correlates with bone microarchitecture. It has been identified as an independent fracture risk factor and may prove useful in further stratifying fracture risk among those with a bone mineral density (BMD) in the osteopenic range (−1.0 to −2.4 standard deviations), in those with low-energy fractures but normal or only mildly low BMD, or in those with conditions known to impair bone microarchitecture.

➤ Fracture risk assessment tools, including the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX), Garvan fracture risk calculator, and QFracture, evaluate the impact of multiple clinical factors on fracture risk, even in the absence of BMD data. Each produces an absolute fracture risk output over a defined interval of time. When used appropriately, these enhance our ability to identify high-risk patients and allow us to differentiate fracture risk among patients who present with similar BMDs.

➤ For challenging clinical cases, a combined approach is likely to improve accuracy in the identification of high-risk patients who would benefit from the available osteoporosis therapies.
Histologic Evaluation of Tibial Attachment in 11-Year Double-Bundle ACL Reconstruction with Hamstring Tendons
Authors: Okazaki Yuki , Abe Nobuhiro , Makiyama Kimihiko , Furumatsu Takayuki , Miyazawa Shinichi , Ozaki Toshifumi
Published: April 2021

Case:

A 49-year-old woman injured her anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) as a high-school student. Double-bundle ACL reconstruction (DBACLR) using hamstring tendon grafts was performed because of recurrent instability. Eleven years after DBACLR, total knee arthroplasty was performed because of osteoarthritis progression. Histologic analysis was completed to observe the osteointegration of the tendon in the obtained proximal tibia. The tibial tunnel showed Sharpey-like fibers anteriorly, connecting the tendon graft and lamellar bone, whereas the intraarticular exit revealed well-aligned chondrocytes posteriorly, indicating chondral metaplasia of the tendon graft.

Conclusion:

Tendon-bone healing can regenerate both fibrous insertion and chondral metaplasia in DBACLR.
An Improved New Convolutional Neural Network Method for Inverting the Pore Pressure in Oil Reservoir by Surface Vertical Deformation
Authors: Hu Chaoyang , Wang Fengjiao , Ai Chi , Wang Xu , Wang Yongping
Published: April 2021

Average pore pressure in oil formation is an important parameter to measure energy in the formation and the capacity of injection–production. In past studies, average pore pressure mainly depends on pressure build-up test results, which have a high cost and need a long testing time, so it is not conducive to utilize. In this paper, the vertical deformation of the Earth’s surface was used to calculate changes in reservoir pore pressure. We set up the marker stake for measuring ground displacement and measured the vertical deformation at the in situ position. Furthermore, we provided an improved new convolutional neural network (CNN), which adopted image-to-image mode, removed pooling layers and full connection layers, and used a new loss function considering the boundary influence coefficient matrix. Then, the machine learning method was used to invert surface vertical deformation to change pore pressure in the oil reservoir. The method was tested in the block of the Sazhong X development zone, in the Daqing Oilfield of China. The average pore-pressure change values of 20 grids whose area was 900×900 m each were determined by the inversion of the corresponding surface vertical deformation at 27 marker stakes. The pore pressure change accuracy reached 82.34%. This study provides a new method for calculating average pore pressure in terms of an oil block. At the same time, it also provides a new technical method for inversion calculations.
Analysis of radiotherapy impact on survival in resected stage I/II pancreatic cancer patients: a population-based study
Authors: Han Dong , Gao Fei , Liu JinLong , Wang Hao , Fu Qi
Published: April 2021

Background: The application of radiotherapy (RT) in pancreatic cancer remains controversial. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy (neoadjuvant and adjuvant radiotherapy) for resectable I/II pancreatic cancer. Methods: 14977 patients with pancreatic cancer were identified from SEER database from 2004 to 2015. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors including RT on overall survival. Overall survival and overall mortality among the different groups were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Gray’s test. Results: Patients were divided into groups according to whether they received radiotherapy or not. The median survival time of all 14977 patients without RT was 20 months, neoadjuvant RT was 24 months and adjuvant RT was 23 months (p < 0.0001) . Median survival time of 2089 stage I patients without RT was 56 months, significantly longer than those with RT regardless of neoadjuvant or adjuvant RT (no RT: 56 months vs adjuvant RT: 37 months vs neoadjuvant RT: 27 months, P=0.0039). Median survival time of 12888 stage II patients with neoadjuvant RT was 24 months, adjuvant RT 22 months, significantly prolonged than those without radiotherapy(neoadjuvant RT: 24 months vs adjuvant RT: 22 months vs no RT: 17 months, P＜0.0001). Neoadjuvant RT (HR=1.434, P=0.023, 95% CI: 1.051-1.957) was independent risk factors for prognosis of stage I patients, and adjuvant RT (HR=0.904, P < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.861-0.950) predicted better outcomes for prognosis of stage II patients by multivariate analysis. The risk of cancer-related death caused by neoadjuvant RT in stage I and no-RT in stage II patients were significantly higher. Conclusions: The study identified a significant survival advantage for the use of adjuvant RT over surgery alone or neoadjuvant RT in treating stage II pancreatic cancer. RT was not associated with survival benefit in stage I patients.
Expressions and Prognostic values of LPARs in human breast cancer
Authors: Wang Tao , Luo Zhanxiong , Chen Rixin , Li Jingzhang , Sun Kai
Published: April 2021

Background: LPA and its receptors play a major role in adjusting malignant behaviors in breast cancer (BC). Abnormal expression of certain LPA receptors in BC indicate that LPA receptors could be novel potential biomarkers in predicting prognosis and progression of BC. Further studies would focus on molecular mechanisms of LPA receptors in BC.Results: In this study, we examined the transcription and survival data of BC patient LPARs from ONCOMINE, Kaplan-Meier plotter, GEPIA, bcGenEx-Miner and cBioPortal database. We revealed that LPAR2/3/5 expression levels in BC tissue were higher than that in normal breast tissue, whereas the expression levels of LPAR1/4/6 in BC tissue were lower than normal breast tissue. The expression levels of LPAR1/4/6 were associated with advanced-stage tumor. Survival analysis using the K-M plotter database showed that in all BC patients, high mRNA expression of LPAR1/4/5/6 and the low mRNA expression of LPAR2/3 were correlated with the improved outcomes of BC patients. Subgroup analyses based on clinicopathological factors further revealed relationship between the expression levels of LPARs and the prognosis of BC patients with different types. Conclusions: This study shows that LPAR2/3/5 are potential targets for precision treatment of BC patients, and six LPARs are new biomarkers for the prognosis of BC patients.
Ferns and Licophytes in Coal Mining Waste and Tailing Landfills
Authors: Andreola Ariane , Rosini Daniely Neckel , Campos Mari Lucia , Biasi Josieli Pietro , Citadini-Zanette Vanilde , Bortoluzzi Roseli Lopes da Costa , Miquelutti Davi José , Nicoleite Edilane Rocha
Published: April 2021

Mineral coal extraction in Santa Catarina State (Brazil) Carboniferous Basin has degraded the local ecosystem, restricting the use of its areas. One of the biggest environmental impacts in the mining areas is the uncontrolled disposal of waste and sterile mining with high concentrations of pyrite, which in the presence of air and water is oxidized promoting the formation of acid mine drainage (AMD). These contaminants can be leached into water resources, restrict the use of water, soil and cause threats to fauna and flora. This study aimed to characterize these areas as to the content of Cd, Pb, Ni and Zn metals in the tailings and waste resulting from coal mining and to survey the species of ferns and lycophytes present. Wastes and tailing samples and specimens of ferns and lycophytes were collected in 23 landfills in six municipalities in the region and in four underlying areas used as controls. Chemical and physical analyses (pH in water and pH in KCl, Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Mn, Fe, Al, clay and OM contents) were carried out and the total contents of heavy metals Cd, Pb were determined, Ni and Zn. Sampling of ferns and lycophytes was carried out by walking. The levels of heavy metals, Cd, Ni and Zn were below the prevention concentrations established by CONAMA Resolution 420/2009. Pb levels were above prevention values ​​in four landfills. Sixteen species of ferns and one lycophyte were found, with hemicryptophytes the most frequent and helophytes the most adapted to the environment. Of the species found, Pteridium esculentum (G. Forst.) Cockayne, Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link and Telmatoblechnum serrulatum (Rich.) Perrie, DJ Ohlsen & Brownsey demonstrated resistance to degraded and contaminated environments with Pb, which may constitute an alternative for projects monitoring and environmental recovery.
Attribute Relationship Solving Method Based on Nodes and Communities in Opportunistic Social Networks
Authors: WU Jia , TIAN Xiaoming
Published: April 2021

The penetration of the 5G Internet and big data communication into human society brings about the survival basis of the social opportunistic networks. Using mobile terminal devices for communication makes the communication of nodes in the social opportunistic network intermittent, because nodes may be in motion all the time. In social opportunistic networks, data communication activities can be recorded and analyzed by evaluating communication activities of human beings or determining their interest points. However, the identification of nodes with the same or similar types of attributes among a large number of user nodes, has become a research problem in the field of social opportunistic networks. How to find an effective method to classify nodes according to their social characteristics and similarity degree becomes the key point of social opportunistic network data forwarding process. In this study, we proposed a method of community mining by decomposition of node and community relationship matrix with large social network data attributes. By using the regular type and iterative community features among community-rule-meet nodes, the method is proved to be converged and yield a minimum solution. Experimental results show that the proposed method exhibits strong application value.
Motor Torque Estimation and Security Control for Electric Vehicles (EV) Based on Parameters Feature Extraction
Authors: Zhiyuan Peng , Changhong DU , Anjian ZHOU , Li LIU , Yang CHEN , Jian CHEN , Qianlei Peng
Published: April 2021

Motor as well as its controller plays an important role in driving electric vehicle. As sole power device, it is closely related with actual torque accuracy to make sure security during EV driving. Due to complex controlling system for motor, there are some random failures of hardware and software which can bring a series of unexpected risks for EV acceleration or deceleration. A novel method based on motor parameters feature is proposed to estimate motor torque according to torque estimation scheme based on parameters feature extraction for three-phase of volts and currents. Additionally, Quality Factor (\(QF\)) and confidence coefficient are also adopted to judge whether motor estimation torque is reasonable or not and motor failure torque is limited to prohibit output by setting fault flag in controller software. Finally, test bench is built to estimate torque accuracy compared with actual test value and verify security control strategy at the state of failure modes, test results show that estimation torque accuracy is within ± 5Nm which is compared with actual test torque and motor system can effectively come into security state from failure state by security control strategy designed in this paper.
Determining the range of magnetic interactions from the relations between magnon eigenvalues at high-symmetry k points
Authors: Wang Di , Yu Jihai , Tang Feng , Li Yuan , Wan Xiangang
Published: April 2021

Magnetic exchange interactions (MEIs) define networks of coupled magnetic moments and lead to a surprisingly rich variety of their magnetic properties. Typically MEIs can be estimated by fitting experimental results. But how many MEIs need to be included in the fitting process for a material is not clear a priori, which limits the quality of results obtained by these conventional methods. In this paper, based on linear spin-wave theory but without performing matrix diagonalization, we show that for a general quadratic spin Hamiltonian, there is a simple relation between the Fourier transform of MEIs and the sum of square of magnon energies (SSME). We further show that according to the real-space distance range within which MEIs are considered relevant, one can obtain the corresponding relationships between SSME in momentum space. We also develop a theoretical tool for tabulating the rule about SSME. By directly utilizing these characteristics and the experimental magnon energies at only a few high-symmetry k points in the Brillouin zone, one can obtain strong constraints about the range of exchange path beyond which MEIs can be safely neglected. Our methodology is also general applicable for other Hamiltonian with quadratic Fermi or Boson operators.
A randomized controlled trial of an Internet-based emotion regulation intervention for sexual health: study protocol
Authors: Fischer Vinicius Jobim , Andersson Gerhard , Billieux Joël , Vögele Claus
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Emotion regulation difficulties have been associated with mental disorders and sexual dysfunctions. Traditional face-to-face transdiagnostic emotion regulation interventions have shown positive results for emotional and personality disorders. Only recently have the effects of these interventions on sexual health started to be investigated. Internet-delivered psychological interventions have several advantages over face-to-face interventions, such as cost-effectiveness, accessibility and suitability for people who experience shame because of their stigmatized problematic behaviors and those who avoid seeking help. The aims of the SHER 2 - TREpS (Portuguese acronym for Emotion Regulation training for sexual health) project are: a) determine the efficacy of an Internet-based emotion regulation intervention for sexual health and sexual satisfaction, and; b) explore the effects of the intervention on (1) emotion regulation skills; (2) mental health; (3) sexual self-perception. Methods and AnalysisThe study will use a randomized controlled trial design. Eligible participants will be randomly allocated to one of two groups: intervention (Internet-based emotion regulation training) or waitlist control. Assessments will take place before the start of the trial, at the end of the trial and at 6-month follow up, after which participants assigned to the waitlist control condition will receive the same intervention. Primary outcomes include sexual function and satisfaction, and secondary outcomes self-report measures of depression, anxiety, difficulties in emotion regulation, and sexual self-perception. This intervention study is financed by the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNS). Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Review Panel of the University of Luxembourg. Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.
Fine-tuning flowering time via genome editing of upstream open reading frames of Heading date 2 in rice
Authors: Li feng xiu , Liu Xinxin , Zhang Yuanye , Liu Hualong , He Mingliang , Li Rongtian , Meng Wei , Wang Zhengyu , Bu Qingyun
Published: April 2021

Flowering time of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is among the most important agronomic traits for region adaptation and grain yield.In the process of rice breeding, efficient and slightly modulating the flowering time of an elite cultivar would be more popular with breeder. Hence, we focus on slightly increasing the expression of flowering repressors by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. It was predicated there were three uORFs in 5' leader sequence of Hd2.By editing Hd2 uORFs, we got four homozygous mutant lines and phenotypic analysis showed their heading date delay by 4.6–11.2 days relative to wide type SJ2.The mutation do not affect transcript level of Hd2, but improve translation of a downstream Hd2 pORF. In summary, we developed a efficient approach for delaying rice heading date based on editing uORF region of flowering repressor, which is time and labor saving compared to traditional breeding. In future, uORF of other flowering time related genes, including flowering promoter and flowering repressor genes, can also be used as targets to fine-tune the flowering time of varieties.
Predictive Value of Postoperative C-reactive Protein-to-Albumin Ratio in Anastomotic Leakage after Esophagectomy
Authors: Zhang Chi , Li XiaoKun , Hu LiWen , Zheng Chao , Cong ZhuangZhuang , Xu Yang , Luo Jing , Wang GaoMing , Gu WenFeng , Xie Kai , Luo Chao , Shen Yi
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Among the many possible postoperative complications, anastomotic leakage (AL) is the most common and serious. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the ability of various inflammatory and nutritional markers to predict postoperative AL in patients after esophagectomy. Methods: A total of 273 patients were retrospectively evaluated and enrolled into this study. Perioperative, surgery-related, tumor-related and laboratory tests data were extracted and analyzed. The discriminatory ability and optimal cut-off value was evaluated according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to access the potential risk factors for AL. Results: The overall incidence of AL was 12.5% (34/273). C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) [AUC 0.943 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.911–0.976, p < 0.001)] and operation time [AUC 0.747 (95% CI = 0.679–0.815, p < 0.001)] had the greatest discrimination on AL prediction. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CAR and operation time were two independent risk factors for AL, and CAR (OR = 87.150, p < 0.001) had an advantage over operation time (OR = 11.178, p = 0.011). Conclusion: Operation time and postoperative CAR were two independent predictive indexes for AL. Postoperative CAR greater than 3.00 indicated a high risk of AL. For patients with abnormal postoperative CAR, early non-operative treatment or surgical intervention are needed to reduce the serious sequelae of AL.
Evaluation of caregiver burden, and quality of life in metastatic prostate cancer patients and caregivers; Effects of clinical and socioeconomic factors
Authors: Yildirim Ozgen Ahmet , Poyraz Kerem , Erdur Erkan , Can Canan , Gundogan Cihan , Yerlikaya Halis , Yildirim Serdar , Guzel Yunus , Komek Halil
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To investigate the caregiver burden and quality of life (QoL) of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. The relationship between questionnaire results and medical, socioeconomic, disease and treatment related factors of the patients were evaluated. Methods: One hundred twenty one metastatic prostate cancer patients and caregivers were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaires and Zarit caregiver burden interviews (ZCBI) were conducted with patients and their caregivers seperately. Patients’ comorbidities, presence of bone and visceral metastases, bone related events, palliative radiotherapy needs, ECOG scores, being under active chemotherapy, socioeconomic factors such as public transportation need, residential factors and caregiver related factors such as comorbidities and kinships were recorded respectively. Results: Patients’ comorbidities, ECOG score, presence and quantity of bone or visceral metastasis, bone related events, receiving palliative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, using public transportation resulted in lower SF-36 and higher ZCBI results (p < 0.001– p = 0.049). Obligation to live in rented houses were correlated with lower SF-36 physical function results (p = 0.043). Condition of the caregiver being from distant relatives resulted in a lower SF-36 score (p = 0.01 - p= 0.043). Moderate to strong negative correlation was detected between ZCBI and all SF-36 results (p < 0.001, r: -646 to -749). In ZCBI, score over 47 resulted with % 69.57 sensitivity and % 65.52 specificity (AUC = 0.671, p = 0.008). Conclusion: QoL was directly related to caregiver burden. Factors such as patient comorbidities, bone metastasis and related situations, ECOG score, presence of visceral metastasis, actively undergoing chemotherapy, low socioeconomic status and poor family support negatively affect both the quality of life of patients and caregiver burden. If a social assistance system can be implemented in which these factors can be monitored systematically, objective and cost-effective benefits related to the care of these patients and the maintenance of their quality of life can be achieved.
Metastructure plate with periodically embedded nonlinear vibration absorbers for nonlinear aeroelastic suppression
Authors: Tian Wei , Zhao Tian , Yang Zhichun
Published: April 2021

A metastructure plate featuring periodically embedded nonlinear vibration absorbers (NVAs) is proposed for the passive suppression of nonlinear aeroelastic responses under supersonic flow conditions. Using the von Karman large deformation theory and supersonic piston theory, the motion equations of a supersonic functionally graded material plate coupled with NVAs are derived from the Hamilton principle. Linear flutter analysis shows that the multiple-NVA design can significantly enhance the aerothermoelastic stability of the metastructure plate. Subsequently, the nonlinear aeroelastic behaviors of the plate and the energy transfer mechanism between it and the NVAs are examined using an energy-based analysis approach. The comparison of bifurcation diagrams indicates that the attachment of periodic NVAs realizes a superior suppression of vibration absorption than a single NVA. Numerical results show that the nonlinear dynamic responses of the plate can be substantially reduced via the targeted energy transfer of NVAs in the post-flutter regime. In particular, the passive control performance of the periodic NVAs does not degrade under an increase in the dynamic pressure. Furthermore, a significant reduction of more than 95% in the response amplitude of the plate can be realized by properly tuning the NVA parameters. The present work demonstrates that the metastructure design, based on periodically distributed NVAs, is effective at enhancing the flutter stability and mitigating nonlinear aeroelastic responses.