bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on serum vitamin D concentration in Korean children
Authors: Choi Jinjoo , Choe Yunsoo , Lee Kyeongmi , Kim Nayoung , Yang Seung
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Social distancing policies and school closures in South Korea induced by coronavirus disease 2019 have raised concerns about a lower chance of exposure to sunlight in children and adolescents. This study investigates changes in the vitamin D status of children and adolescents following the pandemic.Methods: This retrospective study includes healthy children aged 3–18 years who visited Hanyang University Hospitals in Seoul or Guri during pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and post-COVID-19 pandemic periods. August 2017 to July 2019 is defined as the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period, while the period from July 2020 to July 2021 is defined as post-COVID-19 or "during the pandemic." Propensity scores were used to match the prepandemic and pandemic groups 1:1 based on age, sex, season of blood collection, and body mass index z-score to compare vitamin D status among subjects.Results: Among 786 eligible children, 506 were matched using propensity scores. There were no significant differences in mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) levels (20.1±6.5 ng/mL vs. 19.9±6.3 ng/mL, P>0.05) or vitamin D deficiency rates (53.0% vs. 54.9%, P>0.05) between the prepandemic and pandemic groups. Seasonal analysis revealed lower mean serum 25(OH)D levels during the pandemic in winter/spring seasons in comparison to these levels in subjects in prepandemic winter/spring seasons (19.1±3.8 ng/mL vs. 17.2±3.7 ng/mL, P=0.006).Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Korean children and adolescents showed similar serum 25(OH)D levels and vitamin D status to the prepandemic period, with a significant decrease in these measures observed in winter/spring seasons only. Prolonged confinement, such as in pandemic circumstances, underscores the need for vigilant monitoring of vitamin D status and supplementation, particularly in high-risk seasons.
Manajemen Madrasah Dalam Meningkatkan Profesional Guru
Authors: Saidin  , Maisah  , Fadhilah
Published: August 2024

Manajemen dalam pendidikan menjadi peran penting dalam keberlangsungan lembaga pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan manajemen madrasah dalam meningkatkan profesional guru. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijelaskan yakni manajemen madrasah merupakan proses pengintegrasian, pengkoordinasian dan pemanfaatan, baik manajemen kurikulum, tenaga kependidikan, kesiswaan, keuangan dan pembiayaan, sarana dan prasarana, hubungan sekolah, masyarakat dan layanan khusus. dengan melibatkan secara menyeluruh elemen-elemen yang ada pada madrasah untuk mencapai tujuan (mutu pendidikan) yang diharapkan secara efisien. Sedangkan guru profesional adalah orang yang memiliki kemampuan dan keahlian khusus dalam bidang keguruan sehingga ia mampu melakukan tugas dan fungsinya sebagai guru dengan kemampuan maksimal, atau dengan kata lain guru profesional adalah orang yang terdidik dan terlatih dengan baik serta memiliki pengalaman yang kaya di bidangnya.  Adapun temuan peneliti pada Madrasah Aliyah Darul Falah  Kota Batam menunjukkan adanya manajemen madrasah yang baik, dengan kemampuan menjalankan aktivitas extrakurikuler komunitas tahfidzul quran, komunitas kitab kuning, komunitas enterpreneur, komunitas sport, komunitas multimedia dan broadcasting, komunitas ipa, dan komunitas bahasa.
Implementasi Metode Muhafadhoh Nadhom Dalam Pembelajaran Qowa’id Nahwiyah Di Pondok Pesantren At-Tahdzib Ngoro Jombang
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: August 2024

Implementasi Metode Muhafdhoh adalah suatu cara dimana seorang guru menyuruh murid untuk berusaha meresapkan ilmu atau materi yang berbentuk bait-bait kedalampikiran agar selalu ingat. Dalam bahasa arab tata bahasa biasa disebut Qowa’id Nahwiyah merupakan bahasa Semitik dan tata bahasanya banyak kesamaan dengan tata bahasaSemitik lain.
Berdasarkan Konteks Penelitian di atas, maka permasalahan yang timbul adalah  (1) Bagaimana Implementasi Metode Muhafadhoh Nadhom dalam Pembelajaran Qowa’idNahwiyah di Pondok Pesantren At-Tahdzib. (2) Apa Problematika Penerapan Metode Muhafadhoh Nadhom dalam Pembelajaran Qowa’id Nahwiyah di Pondok PesantrenAt-Tahdzib (3) Apa saja yang diambil dalam penanganan masalah ini.
Menurut jenisnya penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, interview, dokumentasi dan analisis datanya adalah deskriptif kualitatif.
Problematika Metode Muhafadhoh Qowa’id Nahwiyah dikarenakan beberapa faktorbaik intern atau ekstern, intern seperti kurang adanya tekad yang kuat dan optimis, malas, kurang diulang-ulang, kurang lancer dalam membaca tulisan arab, sering menunda-nunda dan tidak bias mengatur waktu dengan baik. Ekstern seperti tidak ada guru pembimbing, kurang adanya perhatian dan motivasi, lingkungan kurang mendukung, terpengaruh oleh teman, banyak lafadz-lafadz yang mirip dan sulit untuk dihafalkan
Peranan Guru Agama Islam Dalam Meningkatkan Religiusitas Siswa Di Era Digital
Authors: Sholich Moch.
Published: August 2024

Kemajuan teknologi dikala ini sangatlah pesat serta mutahir. Teknologi yang pesat serta mutahir ini bisa memudahkan pekerjaan tiap orang. Semacam perihal contoh salah satunya merupakan konsumsi gadget yang meluas dikalangan masyarakat. Gadget ialah perlengkapan bantu yang memudahkan tiap langkah manusia buat memperoleh suatu data. Gadget waktu demi waktu terus menjadi ramai. Bukan cuma itu, gadget meluas bukan cuma digolongan orang dewasa, anak muda serta kalangan orangtua. Dengan kemajuan dikala ini, gadget telah melebar luas pula digolongan kanak- kanak. Nyaris semua golongan, diawali dari golongan anak- anak hingga oran tua memahami gadget
Guru memiliki peran yang cukup berat sebagai khususnya diera digital dimana siswa akan selalu bergesekan dengan sebah tekhnoloi khususnya gadget, gadget bisa bermanfaat dan bisa berdampak negative hal tersebut tergantung dari penggunaannya, disini peran guru adalah bisa menjadikan siswa mampu memanfaatkan tekhnologi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan agamanya atau religiusitasnya, hal tersebut guru harus mampu menjadi pemimpin dan teladan yang baik, gadget bisa digunakan sebagai perpustakaan yang berisi buku buku agama bahkan bisa di isi Al Quran 30 Juz, selain itu Al Quran juga bisa menjadi pengingat bagi pemilikya untuk selalu ingat waktu shalat degan tepat waktu.
Dapat dipahami bahwa di era digital manusi smakin melek dengan tekhnologi bahkan anak kecilpun disini sudah banyak yang menguasai dan dengan adanya guru inilah yang menjadi salah satu peranan penting sehingga siswa bisa menggunakan gadget sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan bahkan bisa bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan religiusitasnya.
Manajemen Pendidikan Islam Pada Lembaga Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Mas’ud Mas’ud
Published: August 2024

Pendidikan Islam adalah pemikiran dasar tentang  pendidikan secara umum yang diimbui nuansa dan pemikiran islami. Sistem yang komprehensif adalah ciri utama pendidikan Islam. Sebuah sistem yang struktural akan mengantarkan pola pendidikan Islam yang ideal. Berbicara mengenai sistem, segala aspek yang dilaksanakan oleh pelaksana akan dapat berjalan sistematis apabila mendapat kontrol dari pemimpinnya. Untuk itu, peran pemimpin dalam menjalankan sebuah organisasi sangat penting. Mengingat fungsi dan peranannya, kepemimpinan Islam hendaknya dapat mewarnai pendidikan Islam itu sendiri sehingga tujuan pendidikan Islam akan tercapai secara optimal.
La Identidad Profesional: Una Percepción del Docente en Educación Superior
Authors: Colque Mamani Sandro , Zenteno Huarachi Juan Eleotz , Mamani Miranda Rio de Jesus
Published: August 2024

La identidad profesional del docente en la educación superior es uno de los aspectos principales que influye en su desempeño y la experiencia pedagógica. De ahí que este tema nos lleva a reflexionar sobre cómo la percepción que tienen los educadores de su identidad profesional impacta en su compromiso y transformación institucional y social. Es indudable que una identidad profesional sólida, perfecta y desarrollada en valores y principios en la labor educativa generará un ambiente de aprendizaje más enriquecedor y una comunidad educativa relacionada, transformada y descolonizada. Así también es importante dar la razón que la construcción de la identidad profesional es un proceso continuo y complejo que va interrelacionada por múltiples factores, sea personales, institucionales y sociales. Sin duda alguna, una institución de educación superior tiene la responsabilidad de proporcionar el apoyo y los recursos necesarios para que los docentes puedan desarrollar y fortalecer su identidad profesional y personal a lo largo de su carrera. Por último, reflexionamos que la identidad profesional del docente en la educación superior debe cultivar un sentido de pertenencia, propósito y vocación de servicio en la transformación social. De la misma manera hacemos un llamado a valorar y apoyar el trabajo de los educadores en educción superior, reconociendo su gran labor no solo en el ámbito académico, sino también en la formación de ciudadanos responsables y comprometidos con la sociedad y el estado.
A simplified model to understand the targeted disease-modifying anti-inflammatory drugs
Authors: Kragstrup Tue Wenzel , Ottosen Kristine Jagd , Uhrenholt Line , Dalgaard Emil Barner
Published: August 2024

This review presents a simplified model to understand better how disease-modifying anti-inflammatory drugs (DMAIDs) work in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) with a focus on rheumatology, dermatology, and gastroenterology. In this model, IMIDs are listed on a spectrum from autoinflammatory to autoimmune characterised by the involvement of either mostly the innate or the adaptive immune system. DMAIDs specifically target these immune components and have shown efficacy in distinct IMIDs. DMAID classes include TNF blockers, IL-1 blockers, IL-6 receptor blockers, IL-17 blockers, IL-23 blockers, and janus kinase inhibitors.
Qualitative Interviews: From Theory to Practice
Authors: Nardon Luciara
Published: August 2024

This seminar provides essential training in qualitative interviews for PhD students, professors, and researchers, focusing on preparing effective questions, reflective interviewing, and analyzing qualitative data. Participants will gain skills in working with symbols, metaphors, and visual data, ensuring their research is rigorous and impactful. An official Instats certificate of completion is provided at the conclusion of the seminar. For European PhD students, the seminar offers ECTS Equivalent points.
Introduction to Bayesian Statistical Modelling
Authors: Savisaar Rosina
Published: August 2024

This 5-day workshop provides an intuitive hands-on introduction to statistical modelling, viewed from the Bayesian perspective. The course starts by covering the very basics of what a model is, building up to fairly sophisticated models by the last session (for example, predicting COVID-19 outcomes from biomarker data). An official Instats certificate of completion is provided at the conclusion of the seminar. For European PhD students, the seminar offers ECTS Equivalent points.
Re-Evaluation of The Judicial System: Competence and Role of Religious Courts in Blasphemy Cases
Authors: Sulaiman Andi Amar Ma’ruf , Syamsul Asyril Rizky Akbar , Milzam Qashmal
Published: August 2024

Cases of blasphemy in Indonesia are a problem that still occurs frequently, such as the interpretation of verses in the holy book for personal and/or political gain. The main challenge in blasphemy legal cases is that the jurisdiction is under the District Court, but this raises questions about the role of the Religious Courts that already exist in Indonesia regarding blasphemy cases. Supposedly, religious courts should have proper knowledge and correct interpretation for cases related to religion, however, due to Indonesia's democratic and plural legal system, blasphemy cases fall under criminal law and are considered criminal cases, not civil cases, which makes them outside the jurisdiction of religious courts in terms of judgments. In comparison, Saudi Arabia has a form of religious court in its implementation, but the existence of the court is due to a national idea based on Sharia Law and not based on plural democracy, thus signifying major differences in national identity and basis, which leads to differences in decision-making bodies and law enforcers.
Analisis Bukti Digital Forensik pada Aplikasi Threads MenggunakanMetode Digital Forensic Research Workshop
Authors: Ajuj Afrizal , Bintang R.M. Genggan Satoe , Arya Bahytsani Dawwas
Published: August 2024

Kejahatan siber telah menjadi ancaman serius di dunia digital. Salah satu platform yang rentan terhadap kejahatan siber adalah media sosial. Aplikasi Threads adalah salah satu aplikasi media sosial yang baru dirilis oleh Meta. Threads memiliki kemiripan dengan Twitter, sehingga jenis-jenis kejahatan yang dapat terjadi di Twitter juga dapat terjadi di Threads. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan bukti forensik tindak kejahatan di aplikasi Threads. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Digital Forensics ResearchWorkshop (DFRWS). Tahapan digital forensik yang digunakan meliputi identification, preservation, collection, examination, analysis, dan presentation. Adapun simulasi kejahatan yang dilakukan yaitu terdapat ujaran kebecian yang dilakukan pada aplikasi Threads. Barang bukti berupa smartphone pelaku yang akan dianalisis dengan berbagai skenario, yaitu data aplikasi tidak dihapus, penarikan semua pesan pada aplikasi Threads, dan penghapusan semua data aplikasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ditemukannya artifak digital berdasarkan variable yang ditentukan. Variabel cached search dan audio message tidak ditemukan pada semua skenario serta pada skenario penghapusan semua data aplikasi tidak ditemukan semua artifak digital.
The Role of Cultural Festivals in Fostering Social Cohesion in Multicultural Societies in Brazil
Authors: Oliveirra Sandro Louise
Published: August 2024

Cultural festivals serve as vital platforms for celebrating diversity and promoting social cohesion in multicultural societies. This study investigates the role of cultural festivals in fostering social cohesion within the context of Brazil, a nation known for its rich cultural tapestry and diverse population. A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. In-depth interviews were conducted with festival organizers, participants, and community members to gain insights into their experiences and perceptions. Additionally, surveys were administered to assess the impact of festivals on social cohesion, measuring factors such as intergroup contact, trust, and shared identity. The findings revealed that cultural festivals play a significant role in fostering social cohesion in Brazil. Festivals provide opportunities for individuals from different cultural backgrounds to interact, exchange ideas, and celebrate their shared humanity. Participation in festivals was associated with increased intergroup contact, enhanced trust, and a stronger sense of shared identity. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of cultural festivals as catalysts for social cohesion in multicultural societies. Festivals create spaces for intercultural dialogue, promote understanding, and foster a sense of belonging among diverse communities. The findings have implications for policymakers, community organizers, and researchers interested in leveraging cultural festivals to build more inclusive and cohesive societies.
Att förstå begrepp eller förstå med begrepp – en studie av litterär begreppsanvändning, tolkning och analys
Authors: Johansson Maritha
Published: August 2024

Denna artikel redovisar resultat från en studie inom litteraturdidaktik med fokus på litterära begrepp. I studien används två kombinerade metoder, ett begreppsförståelsetest och ett tänka-högt-test, för att undersöka gymnasieelevers litterära begreppsanvändning och begreppsförståelse. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur eleverna förstår och använder litteraturvetenskapliga begrepp vid analys av en litterär text, i detta fall en dikt. Resultaten visar att begrepp i form av ”gloslistor” är svåra att hantera för eleverna. De kan ibland ge korrekta definitioner men de flesta ger vaga eller felaktiga svar på begreppsdefinitionstestet. Tänka-högt-testet visar att eleverna har svårt att tillämpa begreppen i en analys och att när de väl använder begrepp, leder det till ett starkt fokus på textens yta. Det innebär att eleverna främst fokuserar på att identifiera och namnge stilgrepp i texten. Att enbart beskriva texten utan att reflektera över vilken betydelse eller effekt ett visst stilgrepp har leder inte till en djupare förståelse. Studiens resultat visar att överföringen mellan en passiv begreppskunskap och en aktiv användning av begrepp, vilket skulle kunna öka förståelsen, är långt ifrån självklar.
Understanding concepts or understanding through concepts. A study of the use of literary conceptual tools, interpretation and analysis
This article reports on results from a study in didactics of literature, focusing on literary conceptual tools. In the study two methods are used: one vocabulary test and one think-aloud-test about the use and the understanding of literary conceptual tools among Swedish upper secondary school students. The aim of the study is to investigate how the students understand and use literary conceptual tools and the possible consequences for their reception of a literary text, in this case a poem. The results show that concepts presented as vocabulary list are problematic. The students can sometimes deliver a correct definition, but most of their definitions are vague or wrong. The think-aloud-test shows that a majority of the students do not use the concepts when talking about the poem. It also shows that focusing too much on concepts can lead to a superficial reading, rather than interpretation and analysis. The study shows that the transfer between a passive knowledge of concepts and an active use of them, which could lead to a deeper comprehension, is far from being obvious.
Behavioral Economics: Understanding the Psychological Factors Driving Consumer Decisions
Authors: Chen Qi
Published: August 2024

Behavioral economics is an interdisciplinary field that combines insights from psychology and economics to explain and predict consumer behavior in economic decision-making. This article provides a concise overview of the definition and importance of behavioral economics, exploring its core concepts such as bounded rationality, heuristics and biases, and prospect theory. It also examines the impact of emotional and social factors on consumer decisions and discusses practical applications of behavioral economics in marketing and public policy. Finally, the article summarizes key points and looks ahead to future directions in the field.
Analysis of the Factors Influencing House Prices Based on the Var Model
Authors: Fang Jiayu
Published: August 2024

Var model is established to study the relationship between house price, inflation rate and GDP in this article. By using Granger causality test, cointegration test, impulse response function and variance decomposition to analyze, we conclude that the value of inflation rate and GDP can be predicted by the past data of house price, and GDP has a significant impact on house price.
KARYOSYSTEMATICS STUDY OF SOME ASTERACEAE SPECIES (COMPOSITAE) IN SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Dahawy  Alshammary Wadha Khlif , Mohammed Behery Dr. Mohey El-den Kamel
Published: August 2024

Chromosome numbers were reported for 10 species of family Asteraceae from Saudi Arabia. The new count was reported in Pulicaria schimperi L. Karyotype analysis weremade for all species, Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist 2n=18, Bidens pilosa L., 2n=70, Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. 2n=32, Pulicaria schimperi L. 2n=12, Lactuca serriola L.2n=18, Launaea capitata (Spreng.) Dandy 2n=18, Launaea resedifolia (L.) Kuntze 2n=18, Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook. F. 2n=18, Reichardia tingitana (L.) Roth 2n=16, and Sonchus oleraceus L. 2n=32, belonging to 4 tribes: Astereae, Heliantheae, Inulea and Lactuceae. Pulicaria schimperi L. has the lowest chromosome number (2n=12), while the highest number of (2n=70) is recorded in Bidens pilosa L.
OBSOLESCÊNCIA PROGRAMADA, OBJETIVOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL E A INSUSTENTABILIDADE DOS MODOS DE PRODUÇÃO PÓS-MODERNOS
Authors: de Albuquerque Moreira José Elias
Published: August 2024

Resumo: O consumismo emerge como o principal responsável pela degradação ambiental. Esse declínio ambiental se estende desde a extração de matéria-prima até o consumo de energia, água, produtos químicos e outros recursos ao longo do processo de fabricação, cujo impacto prossegue durante a comercialização e culmina no descarte dos produtos e suas embalagens. Diante dessa realidade, a pesquisa propõe a análise da obsolescência programada à luz dos objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável propostos pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU). Destaca o hiperconsumismo como determinante para o fomento das práticas descartáveis, que são aproveitadas e incentivadas pelas empresas para que haja um constante motivo para que produtos sejam substituídos. Em especial, aborda a questão do lixo de produtos eletrônicos e os problemas causados ao meio ambiente em tempos líquidos, bem como a inevitável e presente insustentabilidade dos modos de produção na era da pós-modernidade. Ao final, colhe-se como resultados que os desafios enfrentados para alcançar metas no sentido de frear o consumo, a produção e o descarte de lixo eletrônico e a sua reciclagem, aliada à economia circular, são importantes medidas que vêm sendo adotadas nesse sentido. O método de abordagem será o dialético jurídico, em que se analisa a relação investida pelo consumidor para alcançar seus desejos pessoais, em contrapartida à consciência de que deverá haver uma preocupação com o futuro do planeta. Palavras-chave: modos de produção; objetivo de desenvolvimento sustentável; obsolescência programada; resíduos pós-consumo; sustentabilidade.
A NORMALIZAÇÃO DA (IR)RESPONSABILIDADE CORPORATIVA NO DIREITO INTERNACIONAL E SEUS REFLEXOS NO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Bortolozzo Rossi Leonardo
Published: August 2024

Resumo: As mudanças significativas que passa o Direito com os efeitos da globalização econômica levam as pessoas pesquisadoras a estudar o relacionamento entre empresas e violações a direitos humanos. A partir da década de 1970, o Direito Internacional começa o movimento de tentativa de regulação do comportamento empresarial socialmente inaceitável, por meio de normativas de caráter de soft law, que culminou na edição dos Princípios Orientadores organizado pela ONU em 2011. Em contramedida, as empresas, cada vez mais transnacionais, criam o seu próprio modelo de responsabilidade social corporativa via códigos de conduta e de ética, os quais se distanciam dos padrões internacionais de proteção aos direitos humanos. Portanto, apresenta-se na contemporaneidade um cenário de distanciamento das normas sobre empresas e direitos humanos, de caráter público, daquela codificação privada empregada pelas empresas transnacionais. O objetivo do presente artigo é de refletir sobre o papel do Direito Internacional na normalização da (ir)responsabilidade corporativa, que traz dificuldades para a completa responsabilização dos entes corporativos por abusos a direitos humanos. A hipótese a ser defendida é que esse cenário em que imperam normas não obrigatórias gera efeitos perversos no sistema jurídico brasileiro, o qual não possui, ainda, um plano nacional sobre o tema. Para tanto, emprega-se as técnicas de metodologia da revisão bibliográfica e documental proveniente de livros e artigos científicos, escritos prioritariamente em inglês e português. Sobre o arcabouço normativo internacional e nacional sobre a problemática foi necessário analisar os instrumentos internacionais e a legislação brasileira. Palavras-chave: empresas e direitos humanos; responsabilidade social corporativa; Princípios Ruggie.
É POSSÍVEL MELHORAR A VIDA DO TRABALHADOR ITALIANO ATRAVÉS DA IMPOSIÇÃO DE UM SALÁRIO MÍNIMO LEGAL?
Authors: Losso Marlus Eduardo
Published: August 2024

Abstract: The minimum wage is a tool adopted by many countries with the aim of creating a decent level of pay for workers. There are many examples of its adoption, but historically they have not achieved their objectives. One of them is Brazil, whose Federal Constitution, in article 7, item II, states that the minimum wage, set by law, nationally unified and subject to periodic adjustments that preserve purchasing power, is a worker's right and must meet the “basic vital needs and those of his family with housing, food, education, health, leisure, clothing, hygiene, transportation and social security”. In theory, this is an adequate provision, but in practice it is difficult to achieve all of these objectives, since the Brazilian minimum wage is set well below what is necessary and there is no broader debate on the subject to improve it. For its part, the European Union recently approved Directive 2022/2041, which aims to provide effective protection of the minimum wage for its member states. This regulation does not provide for the imposition of a legal wage or the setting of a nominal value, as is the case in Brazil and most of the European Union member states (with the exception, among others, of Italy). In reality, the concern is to establish criteria so that each country can define a minimum wage that is consistent with its reality and particularities, such as local costs and taxes, the purchasing power of the wage, the country's growth rate, among others, always with the aim of decent work and improving quality of life. This is also one of the objectives of Convention 131 of the International Labor Organization, to which Italy is not a signatory. This Directive determines the creation of clear rules for updating the value and also values collective bargaining as an instrument for setting the minimum wage, seeking to cover an increasing number of workers. Looking at the Italian reality, it is possible to see that in the second half of 2023 a new debate began on the possibility of implementing a legal minimum wage nationally, since workers' pay is normally set by collective bargaining. However, this debate has not progressed, even though statistics show that Italian workers are paid around 12% less than their counterparts working in other countries within the European economic area. Keywords: minimum wage; decent work; equal opportunities; international regulations; Italy
BREVES REFLEXÕES ACERCA DO CENTRO DE JULGAMENTO DE PENALIDADES ADUANEIRAS À LUZ DO CONTROLE DE CONVENCIONALIDADE
Authors: de Carvalho de Mattos Mariana Maria , Martelli Moreira Guilherme
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This article aims to present initial reflections on the relationship between conventional control and the implementation of the Customs Penalties Judgment Center in a context marked by the need to harmonize customs standards and rules and intense trade between countries. The importance of the work is anchored in the importance of simplifying, modernizing, and harmonizing customs systems to ensure uniformity. According to the WTO, the expected reduction in transaction costs is between 13.2% and 15.5%, with increased exports between 13.8% and 22.3%. To this end, the adoption of legislative issues related to the business and regulatory environment is analyzed. The research hypothesis is that conventional control ensures the compatibility of national laws with Treaties ratified by the Brazilian State, which is why the need for reforms in the customs environment is questioned. The hypothetical deductive method is adopted in a theoretical research, based on the bibliographic review. Among the findings, it is understood that although Brazil has a complex tax environment, the adoption of Treaties and international practices contributes to attracting investments and developing public and private activities. Even though the structure of the Customs Penalty Judgment Center is interesting for achieving the mentioned harmonization, discussions about its composition persist. It is concluded, in the end, that reforms and adjustments of the adopted Treaties would be necessary. Keywords: CEJUL. Conventionality Control. Customs harmonization. Revised Kyoto Convention. Trade facilitation agreement.
Determinants of Fertility in Arid Regions of Kenya: A Case of Westpokot County
Authors: Lydia Cheruto Pkaremba
Published: August 2024

The world's population has continued to increase and is expected to reach 10.8 billion by 2025. Population growth has negative consequences, including unemployment, food insecurity, and poor quality of life. The Kenyan government has implemented programs over the years aimed at reducing fertility, leading to a reduction in total fertility from 8.2 in the 1970s to 3.9 in 2014. However, counties in the arid and semi-arid regions of Kenya have recorded instances of a rise in fertility, derailing the government's efforts to reduce population and improve quality of life. This study, therefore, investigated the determinants of fertility in West Pokot County and the sociodemographic drivers of fertility. The study used a Poisson regression to analyze the estimates and found that a woman's education had a significant impact on the fertility rate in West Pokot. Women with secondary and tertiary education were more likely to have fewer children than women with no formal education. These findings corroborate previous studies, such as those by Kwame (2002) [35] and Longwe et al. (2012) [37], which also observed that women with higher levels of education tend to have fewer children. The study's recommendations emphasize the continued advocacy for girl-child education as a means of reducing the fertility rate in Kenya. Investing in girls' education, particularly at the secondary and tertiary levels, can empower women, delay marriage and childbearing, and ultimately contribute to the government's efforts to manage population growth and improve the quality of life for its citizens. By addressing the educational disparities and promoting access to higher education for women in the arid and semi-arid regions of Kenya, policymakers can leverage this key determinant of fertility to achieve more sustainable population dynamics and development outcomes.
Design and Implementation of a Global Positioning System (GPS) for Constraint-Free Applications
Authors: Newton F. Gesa , Onojah A. D. , Taddy E. N. , Aondona Terwase I.
Published: August 2024

The implementation and evaluation of a GPS/GSM module for positioning, tracking, and remote communication applications are examined in this work. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) provides precise location and timing information through a network of satellites. Specifically, the study focuses on the performance of a SIM808 GPS/GSM module in various operational conditions and constraints. Trilateration tests were conducted at twelve locations, revealing a time-to-first-fix (TTFF) ranging from 102.4 to 163.2 seconds; position differentiation accuracy, as determined by the Haversine Equation, indicated deviations of up to 7.52% in constrained scenarios; altitude measurements exhibited an error of about 4.14 meters, while lateral distance differentiation indicated deviations of up to 30.99% in specific instances. The deviations affecting the efficacy of the module are such as signal strength, satellite visibility, and receiver quality. Thus, the findings highlight the module's potential for applications requiring remote monitoring, control, and IoT deployments. Further improvements and considerations for practical implementations are suggested based on the outcomes of the evaluation.
Edukasi Ibu Hamil dan Ibu Post Partum Tentang Bahaya Depresi Post Partum di Puskesmas Kassi-Kassi
Authors: Firawati Firawati  , Hasnaeni Hasnaeni  , Jamila Kasim  , Maryam Jamaluddin
Published: August 2024

The postpartum period is a recovery period, postpartum care is needed so that mothers can make psychological adaptations in the postpartum period, Postpartum depression is depression that occurs in women after giving birth, which occurs within a period of 4 (four) weeks, several months or even several years if not treated, the purpose of this community service is to provide education to pregnant women and postpartum mothers regarding the prevention of the dangers of postpartum depression, this activity is to increase mothers' understanding of the dangers of postpartum depression. This community service activity was attended by pregnant women and postpartum mothers at the Kassi-Kassi Health Center which was attended by 18 people. This activity method was carried out twice by providing a pre-test, lecture and continued post-test by filling out a questionnaire. In the evaluation, interviews were conducted with pregnant women and postpartum mothers to determine the dangers of postpartum depression. The results achieved in community service activities at the Kassi-Kassi Health Center were that postpartum mothers gained knowledge about the dangers of postpartum depression and there was an increase in knowledge about the dangers of postpartum depression. The pre-test results were 58.82%, there was an increase in the post-test which showed post-test knowledge of 82.35%. The conclusion is that education for pregnant and post-partum mothers can prevent post-partum depression.
PENDAMPINGAN PEMBUATAN NOMOR INDUK BERUSAHA (NIB) MELALUI ONLINE SINGLE SUBMISSION PADA UMKM DI KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Hayani Nurrahmi , Darni Darni , Ilosa Abdiana , Nurcahaya Nurcahaya
Published: August 2024

Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pendampingan pembuatan Nomor Induk Berusaha (NIB) melalui Online Single Submission (OSS) pada pelaku bisnis UMKM di Kota Pekanbaru. Kegiatan ini mengadopsi konsep Service Learning dan dilakukan dengan  mengikuti tahapan investigasi,  persiapan,  tindakan dan refleksi. Tahapan pertama ini mulai dilaksanakan pada bulan April hingga Juni 2023 dan melibatkan sebanyak 40 pemilik usaha UMKM di kota Pekanbaru.  Setelah dilakukan sosialisasi dan pendampingan tersebut bersama pemilik usaha, terdapat 32 pemilik usaha yang berminat dan tertarik untuk mendaftar NIB. Namun saat dilakukannya pendampingan pendaftaran NIB ternyata hanya 26 pemilik usaha yang berhasil mendaftar NIB.
SEMINAR PARENTING MENJADI ORANG TUA YANG KREATIF BAGI PERTUMBUHAN REMAJA DI DESA PANGKALAN BARU KECAMATAN SIAK HULU KABUPATEN KAMPAR
Authors: Kodarni Kodarni , Sitorus Siti Hazar
Published: August 2024

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang bagaimana menjadi orangtua yang kreatif dalam menghadapi pertumbuhan remaja. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat menggunakan metode observasi dan sosialisasi seputar perkembangan remaja dan cara mendidik anak remaja. Karna pada dasarnya remaja merupakan fase perubahan yang sangat signifikan, sehingga banyak kesalahpahaman antara anak dan orang tua sehingga banyak kasus anak-anak remaja merasa tidak dimengerti dan diperhatikan oleh orang tuanya. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah peserta pengabdian yang mayoritas orang tua jadi lebih paham tentang proses perkembangan anak dan cara menghadapinya.
Pengaruh Adaptasi Pakan Terhadap Efisiensi Dan Konversi Pakan Benih Ikan Nemo (Amphiprion sp.)
Authors: Juliana Juliana  , Hendrik David Julianus Borolla
Published: August 2024

Nemo fish (Amphiprion sp.) is a type of marine ornamental fish that is popular because it is unique in terms of color, shape and movement. Feed is a factor in the growth and survival process of nemo fish. The aim of this research was to determine feed adaptation to the efficiency and feed conversion of nemo fish seeds. The research used an experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design consisting of 3 treatments and 3 replications. Treatment A (silk worms), treatment B (pellets) and treatment C (combination of 70% silk worms and 30% pellets). The best absolute weight growth results were in treatment C, namely 0.33 grams, while the lowest were in treatment B, namely 0.28. The survival rate (SR) during maintenance in each treatment was 100%. The best feed efficiency was in treatment C at 16.17% and the best feed conversion ratio was in treatment C with the lowest conversion ratio value of 4.81. Based on the results of the research conducted, it was concluded that feed adaptation for nemo fish seeds did not have a real influence on the efficiency and feed conversion of nemo fish seeds (Sig. > 0.05).
Evaluation of nutrients effect on the arsenic bioaccessibility of contaminated soil
Authors: Rahman Md Hafizur , Sultana Mst Sharmin , Cui Yanshan
Published: August 2024

Soil is considered the primary source of heavy metals. Even at very low concentrations, chronic exposure to harmful heavy metal (arsenic) has a significant negative impact on human health. In this study, we evaluated the effect of nutrients including glucose, proteins, calcium and control (fasted condition) on soil arsenic (As) bioaccessibility by PBET (Physiologically Based Extraction Test) technique with SHIME (simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem). As bioaccessibility of the NJY soil sample was 4.43 to 8.28%, 2.56 to 8.55% and 5.66 to 23.49% in gastric phase, intestine phase and colon phase respectively with different nutrients. CFI soil sample’s As bioaccessibility varied depending on the nutrients used, and was 5.78 to 23.86%, 2.32% to 12.54% and 1.06 to 13.85% in gastric phase, intestine phase and colon phase correspondingly. As bioaccessibility of the ZZH soil sample was 2.26 to 25.16%, 24.38% to 57.27% and 9.92 to 23.10% in gastric phase, intestine phase and colon phase with varying nutrients. The outcomes showed that, As bioaccessibility of the soil samples was greatly influenced with plant protein, animal protein, calcium and glucose in the three phases of the digestive system. Therefore, nutrients have a considerable effect on As bioaccessibility and assessment of human health risk.
Pulmonary Embolism and Systemic Thrombolytic Therapy: An In-Depth Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Trends
Authors: Çiçek Tuğba
Published: August 2024

Background: Pulmonary embolism is a life-threatening condition often resulting from deep vein thrombosis, with significant morbidity and mortality. Thrombolytic therapy is a common treatment, particularly in high-risk cases. Despite numerous studies on pulmonary embolism, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research trends and impacts, especially regarding thrombolytic therapy, is lacking.
Methods: This bibliometric analysis utilized the Web of Science database to collect and evaluate literature published between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2023. A total of 282 articles were selected based on specific inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix R, focusing on publication trends, citation counts, and collaborative networks.
Results: The analysis identified a progressive increase in pulmonary embolism-related publications, peaking in 2020 and 2022. The United States led in publication volume, followed by Turkey and China. Despite high publication numbers, Turkey's citation count was relatively low, highlighting potential gaps in research impact and quality. The study also revealed that European countries exhibit stronger international collaborations compared to the United States. Key research trends shifted post-2018 towards topics such as mortality, bleeding, COVID-19, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis provides a detailed overview of the research landscape on pulmonary embolism and thrombolytic therapy, highlighting evolving research priorities, the significance of funding opportunities, and the importance of international collaborations. The study's insights can guide future research directions and inform clinical practices, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes.
Investigation of bone remodeling in gingival crevicular fluid in patients treated with rapid maxillary expansion during pubertal period
Authors: Güran Çimen , Geçgelen Cesur Mine , Tuzcu Ayça
Published: August 2024

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate bone remodeling following 3-month and 6-month retention periods of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).
Materials and Methods: 23 pubertal participants (15 girls- 8 boys, 12-15 years) with maxillary transversal deficiency were enrolled in the study. Following banded-type RME appliance was introduced into the mouth, RME protocol was initiated by turning the Hyrax screw twice daily (morning/evening) with ¼ activation. GCF samples were taken from right maxillary first molars at four different time points (T0: before the appliance was deployed, T1: following active phase, T2: at the end of the 3-month retention period, T3: at the end of the 6-month retention period) using paper strips. Probing depth, gingival index, plaque index, and bleeding percentage at probing were recorded. BALP, OPG, RANKL, and TNF-α levels were measured in GCF samples using ELISA kits.
Results: Our study revealed that GCF's BALP and OPG levels remained unchanged over time in tension and pressure regions, and there were no statistically significant differences among regions at each time point (p>0.05). RANKL level was statistically significantly increased in the buccal region (the pressure region) at time T1 (p=0.042). The palatinal region's TNF-α level was statistically significantly higher than the buccal region at T0, T2, and T3 time points (p=0.005, p=0.042, and p=0.006, respectively). Our study showed no correlation between 3-month and 6-month retention periods and biomarkers indicating RME's bone metabolic activities.
Conclusions: Further studies with different retention periods and larger sample sizes are suggested.
Impact of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Debonding on the Mechanical Properties of Aged and Non-aged Lithium Disilicate Ceramics
Authors: Ünlü Damla , Yıldız Pınar , Çakır Nazire Nurdan
Published: August 2024

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of Er,Cr:YSGG laser debonding on the mechanical properties of aged and non-aged lithium disilicate ceramics.
Material and Methods: A total of 36 lithium disilicate samples with dimensions of 14x4x1 mm were prepared. Half of the samples underwent 5000 thermal cycles to simulate artificial aging. The aged and non-aged samples were divided into two subgroups: one subgroup was designated as the control group and did not receive laser treatment, while the other subgroup was treated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser for debonding (n=9). The flexural strength and modulus of the lithium disilicate samples were assessed using three-point bending tests before and after artificial aging. The surface roughness of a sample that did not undergo the three-point bending test was measured with AFM, its microhardness was assessed using Vickers hardness tests, and surface morphology was examined with FESEM. Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni correction to determine the significance of the results were used for statistical analysis.
Results: The results indicated that aging significantly reduced the flexural strength (p=0.031), however, laser debonding did not have a significant effect on the flexural strength or modulus of either aged or non-aged samples.
Conclusion: Laser debonding effectively removes lithium disilicate restorations without compromising their mechanical properties, supporting their reuse in clinical practice. It is important to note that aging reduces the flexural strength of lithium disilicate ceramics.
Evaluation of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation on Smokers and Non-Smokers with Periodontitis
Authors: Yücesoy Gizem , Olgun Ebru , Yıldız Kader , Başol Göksuluk Merve
Published: August 2024

Objevtive: In this study, we aimed to evaluate neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) in smoker and non-smoker periodontitis patients.
Materials and Methods: 21 subjects [non-smokers and periodontally healthy (S-P-) 7 people, non-smokers with periodontitis (S-P+) 7 people, smokers with periodontitis (S+P+) 7 people] were included in this study. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) parameters were recorded. The peripheral neutrophils isolated from the subjects were activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to induce NET formation. NET formed after the activation was measured with the fluorometer.
Results: In the S-P- group PI, GI, PD and CAL values were found statistically significantly low (P=0,001; P=<0,001; P=0,003; P=<0,001, respectively). When compared to S+P+ group PMN counts were found low, but this difference was statistically at the border (P=0,05). When compared NET count values, it was the highest in the S+P+ group. When S-P- group and S+P+ group were compared, this difference was statistically significant (P=0,003); but between S-P+ and S+P+ groups, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). NET count with PI, GI, PD, there was mild positive; with CAL strong positive relation has been found.
Conclusion: As a result, even the S+P+ group NET count was found higher, the difference of S-P+ and S+P+ groups was not statistically significant. There is need more researches about smoking effect on NET formation in patients with periodontitis.
VAYRONKOR G‘OYALARGA QARSHI KURASH – MA’NAVIY MAKONNI ASRAB-AVAYLASH VOSITASI
Authors: Mamatkulov Eldor
Published: August 2024

This article examines the importance of constructive ideas in creating a new spiritual space and the role of combating destructive ideas. Suggestions and recommendations were also made regarding methods and means of developing ideological immunity against destructive ideas such as extremism, terrorism, radicalism, xenophobia, and mass culture.
“INTERYER-DIZAYN” SOHASIGA OID TERMINLARINING LISONIY TADQIQI
Authors: Xolmurotova Gulnora
Published: August 2024

This article is devoted to the problems of terminology in linguistics, including a comprehensive study of the terminology of the field of interior design. Also, taking into account the anthropocentric direction of modern terminology, in addition to the structural-semantic features of the terminology, it also provides information about how the term reflects the professional consciousness and thinking, as well as the specific features of the national mentality.
Training On Healthy Ways To Clean The Sense Of Touch (HANDS) For Children
Authors: Zulfakar  , M. Zainal Mustamiin
Published: August 2024

In human daily life in general, especially children, cleaning the sense of touch (hands) in a way that is not correct or does not meet health standards, this of course can result in a number of diseases for the child. From a number of aspects that can result in a child's lack of awareness to clean hands properly based on health standards, among others, are: a) lack of understanding of hygiene; b) lack of understanding of germs that cause disease; c) lack of understanding of diseases that can be caused by unclean hands. clean, in addition to the lack of awareness of the guardians of students in the AlKhairiyah Educational Institutions, Rajak, Sukaraja, East Praya, Central Lombok district, which is caused by factors of the social and economic status of their extended families, the majority of whom have income below the average standard. national average per month and domiciled in a very simple area or housing in the middle of a village. It is hoped that after participating in this training activity, educational participants are able to routinely maintain their hand hygiene by cleaning the health standards that have been described, so that the risks that may arise before participating in the training can be minimized or even eliminated, especially the spread of diseases caused by dirty hands at the time of the training. Enjoy their daily food at home, especially when they eat rice, which they routinely do based on the normal standard of three times a day and night.