bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEMA3F prevents metastasis of colorectal cancer by PI3K–AKT‐dependent down‐regulation of the ASCL2–CXCR4 axis
Authors: Zhou Zhi‐hang , Rao Jun , Yang Jing , Wu Feng , Tan Juan , Xu Sen‐lin , Ding Yanqing , Zhan Na , Hu Xu‐gang , Cui You‐hong , Zhang Xia , Dong Weiguo , Liu Xin‐dong , Bian Xiu‐wu
Published: April 2015

Semaphorin‐3F (SEMA3F), an axonal repulsant in nerve development, has been shown to inhibit the progression of human colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study we found a negative correlation between the levels of SEMA3F and CXCR4 in CRC specimens from 85 patients, confirmed by bioinformatics analysis of gene expression in 229 CRC samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas. SEMA3Fhigh/CXCR4low patients showed the lowest frequency of lymph node and distant metastasis and the longest survival. Mechanistically, SEMA3F inhibited the invasion and metastasis of CRC cells through PI3K–AKT‐dependent down‐regulation of the ASCL2–CXCR4 axis. Specifically, ASCL2 enhanced the invasion and metastasis of CRC cells in vitro and expression of ASCL2 correlated with distant metastasis, tumour size and poor overall survival in CRC patients. Treatment of CRC cells with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 attenuated SEMA3F knockdown‐induced invasion and metastasis of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Our study thus demonstrates that SEMA3F functions as a suppressor of CRC metastasis via down‐regulating the ASCL2–CXCR4 axis. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review of under 65 years referrals to a memory clinic
Authors: Rasmussen Jill
Published: April 2015

O'Kelly et al. (see p21) highlight some significant issues resulting from the increased emphasis on the importance of recognising dementia in people under 65 years of age and the impact this is having on memory assessment services that are run by old age mental health services who usually cater for people over the age of 65 years.
Delusional infestation: first case in the intellectually disabled population
Authors: Sharaf Adnan , Thevathasan Pravin
Published: April 2015

Delusional infestation is a rare primary delusional disorder. Here, Drs Sharaf and Thevathasan describe a case of delusional infestation in an intellectually disabled patient, along with the patient's marked response to aripiprazole. Also apparent are the patient's presentation differences from the classically reported primary disorder.
An audit of younger patient referrals to a memory clinic
Authors: O'Kelly Allison , Richards Giles , Gorospe Manuel Figueroa
Published: April 2015

With memory services generally set up to cope with the demands of an older age group, meeting the needs of younger patients with dementia has its difficulties and there is a possibility of service saturation. Dr Richards and colleagues describe their audit of a memory assessment service in Cornwall, which highlights the urgent need for more thorough screening assessment in primary care of younger patients before they reach the memory clinic.
Management of depression in children and adolescents
Authors: Gledhill Julia , Hodes Matthew
Published: April 2015

As part of our series on managing neurological and psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents, Dr Julia Gledhill and Dr Matthew Hodes discuss depression.
The DFT study on non‐conjugated polymer host materials based on styrene derivatives for phosphorescent polymer light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Zhang Xiaguang , Shen Wei , Sun Huili , Yu Pei , He Rongxing , Li Ming
Published: April 2015

A series of poly(4,4‐vinyltriphenylamine) based non‐conjugated polymer as host molecules are designed and studied by density functional theory. The results show that the substituent has a great influence on the properties of polymer. The parent molecule directly linked para‐carbazole, β‐pyrrole and triphenylamine are favorable to hole injection, and para‐carbazole could significantly increase ET of the host molecules. The large changes of structural parameters between the lowest triplet state and ground state can cause the decrease of ET. Moreover, parent molecule directly linked carbazole and triphenylamine units possess strong intramolecular charge transfer and low singlet and triplet energy difference (∆EST). The calculated results also show that all designed host molecules are suitable for green emitter by comparing with the ET. S1 → S1 and T1 → T1 energy transfer mechanism between host and guest is thermodynamically feasible. In addition, host–guest model is built to study the charge transfer nature, and the results indicate that a good intermolecular charge transfer can be achieved between host and guest materials. In the designed host molecules, the N atom of parent molecule linked para‐carbazole substituent shows a great potential for the green phosphorescent polymer light‐emitting diodes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relation between stress and segmental orientation during mechanical cycling of a natural rubber‐based compound
Authors: Zaghdoudi Maha , Albouy Pierre‐Antoine , Tourki Zoubeir , Vieyres Arnaud , Sotta Paul
Published: April 2015

X‐ray diffraction technique is used to evaluate the evolution of the segmental orientation in a natural rubber sample during mechanical uniaxial stretching and in the Gaussian regime condition. The method proves to be sensitive enough for testing the validity of the stress‐optical law. Measurements are performed at different temperatures and show that the dependence of the orientation parameter upon elongation is very close to the prediction of classical phantom theories. On the contrary, a significant Mooney–Rivlin correction is needed to account for the stress–strain relation. Consequently, systematic deviations from the stress‐optical law are observed, in particular for elongations below 2. These deviations are adverse from predictions of both the constrained and the diffuse junction theories. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 943–950
Towards Integration at Last? The Sustainable Development Goals as a Network of Targets
Authors: Le Blanc David
Published: April 2015

In 2014, United Nations member states proposed a set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which will succeed the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as reference goals for the international development community for the period 2015–2030. The proposed goals and targets can be seen as a network, in which links among goals exist through targets that refer to multiple goals. Using network analysis techniques, we show that some thematic areas covered by the SDGs are well connected with one another. Other parts of the network have weaker connections with the rest of the system. The SDGs as a whole are a more integrated system than the MDGs were, which may facilitate policy integration across sectors. However, many of the links among goals that have been documented in biophysical, economic and social dimensions are not explicitly reflected in the SDGs. Beyond the added visibility that the SDGs provide to links among thematic areas, attempts at policy integration across various areas will have to be based on studies of the biophysical, social and economic systems at appropriate scales. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
A capabilities‐based perspective on target selection in acquisitions
Authors: Kaul Aseem , Wu Brian
Published: April 2015

We develop a capabilities‐based theory of acquirer target selection, arguing that acquirers will pursue both low capability targets in existing contexts to deploy existing capabilities, and high capability targets in new contexts to acquire new capabilities. These arguments are formalized in an analytical model that jointly considers the benefits and costs of acquisition as a function of target capability level and context. The predictions from this model are tested in the Chinese brewing industry (1998–2007), with results showing that acquirers strongly prefer inferior targets in existing geographic markets, but are relatively more likely to choose superior targets in new markets, especially if they have strong acquisition capabilities. Our study provides insight into the factors driving target selection, and contributes to a capabilities‐based understanding of acquisitions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NK cell abnormality and its treatment in women with reproductive failures such as recurrent pregnancy loss, implantation failures, preeclampsia, and pelvic endometriosis
Authors: Fukui Atsushi , Kamoi Mai , Funamizu Ayano , Fuchinoue Kohei , Chiba Hitomi , Yokota Megumi , Fukuhara Rie , Mizunuma Hideki
Published: April 2015

The regulation of uterine and peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells has been associated with problems related to reproductive immunology such as recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), implantation failure or preeclampsia. NKp46, one of the natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs), is a unique marker that functions in NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Expression of NKp46 on NK cells is lower in women with recurrent pregnancy loss and pregnancy‐induced hypertension. Moreover, expression of NKp46 on peritoneal fluid NK cells is lower in women with pelvic endometriosis. Therefore, evaluation of NKp46 on peripheral blood NK cells may provide a means of screening for reproductive abnormalities. Recently, a new type of NK cell, the NK22 cell, has been reported. This cell may be a regulator not only of the mucosal barrier but also of reproduction. For women with RPL showing abnormal uterine and/or peripheral blood NK cells, both intravenous immunoglobulin treatment and intralipid treatment have been reported. The effects of these treatments are still controversial, and further studies are needed in order to clarify their true impact. The present review examines variations in the expression of NCRs on NK cells, the participation of NK22 cells in reproduction, and the possible use of intravenous immunoglobulin or intralipid treatment for women with recurrent pregnancy loss and NK cell abnormality.
Online Gambling Addiction: the Relationship Between Internet Gambling and Disordered Gambling
Authors: Gainsbury Sally M.
Published: April 2015

One of the most significant changes to the gambling environment in the past 15 years has been the increased availability of Internet gambling, including mobile; Internet gambling is the fastest growing mode of gambling and is changing the way that gamblers engage with this activity. Due to the high level of accessibility, immersive interface and ease at which money can be spent, concerns have been expressed that Internet gambling may increase rates of disordered gambling. The current paper aimed to provide an overview of the research to date as well as highlight new and interesting findings relevant to Internet gambling addiction. A comprehensive review of the existing literature was conducted to provide an overview of significant trends and developments in research that relates to disordered Internet gambling. This paper presents research to inform a greater understanding of adult participation in Internet gambling, features of this interface that may impact problem severity, the relationship between Internet gambling and related problems, as well as considering the role of the wider spectrum of gambling behaviour and relevant individual factors that moderate this relationship.
Application of Meta‐Mesh on the analysis of microbial communities from human associated‐habitats
Authors: Su Xiaoquan , Wang Xiaojun , Jing Gongchao , Huang Shi , Xu Jian , Ning Kang
Published: April 2015

With the current fast accumulation of microbial community samples and related metagenomic sequencing data, data integration and analysis system is urgently needed for in‐depth analysis of large number of metagenomic samples (also referred to as “microbial communities”) of interest. Although several existing databases have collected a large number of metagenomic samples, they mostly serve as data repositories with crude annotations, and offer limited functionality for analysis. Moreover, the few available tools for comparative analysis in the literature could only support the comparison of a few pre‐defined set of metagenomic samples. To facilitate comprehensive comparative analysis on large amount of diverse microbial community samples, we have designed a Meta‐Mesh system for a variety of analyses including quantitative analysis of similarities among microbial communities and computation of the correlation between the meta‐information of these samples. We have used Meta‐Mesh for systematically and efficiently analyses on diverse sets of human associate‐habitat microbial community samples. Results have shown that Meta‐Mesh could serve well as an efficient data analysis platform for discovery of clusters, biomarker and other valuable biological information from a large pool of human microbial samples.
Promiscuous actions of small molecule inhibitors of the protein kinase D‐class IIa HDAC axis in striated muscle
Authors: Lemon Douglas D. , Harrison Brooke C. , Horn Todd R. , Stratton Matthew S. , Ferguson Bradley S. , Wempe Michael F. , McKinsey Timothy A.
Published: April 2015

PKD‐mediated phosphorylation of class IIa HDACs frees the MEF2 transcription factor to activate genes that govern muscle differentiation and growth. Studies of the regulation and function of this signaling axis have involved MC1568 and Gö‐6976, which are small molecule inhibitors of class IIa HDAC and PKD catalytic activity, respectively. We describe unanticipated effects of these compounds. MC1568 failed to inhibit class IIa HDAC catalytic activity in vitro, and exerted divergent effects on skeletal muscle differentiation compared to a bona fide inhibitor of these HDACs. In cardiomyocytes, Gö‐6976 triggered calcium signaling and activated stress‐inducible kinases. Based on these findings, caution is warranted when employing MC1568 and Gö‐6976 as pharmacological tool compounds to assess functions of class IIa HDACs and PKD.
Low vitamin D status among pregnant Latin American and Caribbean women with HIV Infection
Authors: Jao Jennifer , Freimanis Laura , Mussi‐Pinhata Marisa M. , Cohen Rachel A. , Monteiro Jacqueline P. , Cruz Maria L. , Sperling Rhoda S. , Branch Andrea , Siberry George K. ,   NISDI LILAC Protocol
Published: April 2015

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence and predictors of low vitamin D status among pregnant women with HIV infection.

Methods

The present cross‐sectional study analyzed repository specimens collected at 12–34 weeks of pregnancy among women enrolled across 17 sites in Latin America and the Caribbean between 2002 and 2009. Logistic regression modeling was used to identify factors associated with low vitamin D status (25‐hydroxyvitamin D < 30 ng/mL).

Results

Among 715 women, 218 (30.5%) were vitamin D deficient (< 20 ng/mL) and 252 (35.2%) were insufficient (21–29 ng/mL). Factors associated with low vitamin D status included residence in subtropical latitudes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–2.88), assessment during non‐summer seasons (autumn: aOR 1.85, 95% CI 1.20–2.86; spring: 4.3, 2.65–6.95; winter: 10.82, 5.74–20.41), employment (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.06–2.38), and assessment before 20 weeks of pregnancy (aOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.18–3.06). Factors protective against low vitamin D status were CD4 count below 200 cells per mm3 (aOR 0.45, 95% CI 0.26–0.77) and protease inhibitors (aOR 0.62, 95% CI 0.40–0.95).

Conclusion

Low vitamin D status was prevalent among pregnant women with HIV infection. Further studies are warranted to identify the impact of low maternal vitamin D status.
The ARID1A pathway in ovarian clear cell and endometrioid carcinoma, contiguous endometriosis, and benign endometriosis
Authors: Chene Gautier , Ouellet Veronique , Rahimi Kurosh , Barres Veronique , Provencher Diane , Mes‐Masson Anne Marie
Published: April 2015

Objective

To assess ARID1A‐encoded protein (BAF250a) and phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) expression, apoptosis, and the DNA damage response pathway in endometrioid and clear cell ovarian cancers (endometriosis‐associated ovarian cancers [EAOCs]), and benign endometriotic ovarian cysts.

Methods

In a retrospective study, tissue samples were reviewed from patients who had undergone surgery for EAOC or endometriotic ovarian cysts at a center in Montreal, QC, Canada, between 2000 and 2012. A tissue microarray including cases of endometrioid carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, contiguous endometriosis (i.e. apparently benign endometriosis near the EAOC), and benign endometriotic ovarian cysts, was analyzed for the expression of various proteins.

Results

Loss of BAF250a expression was seen in 13 (22%) of 59 endometrioid cancers, 17 (47%) of 36 clear cell cases, 8 (44%) of 18 contiguous endometriosis cases, and 3 (8%) of 66 benign endometriotic ovarian cysts. In tissues showing loss of BAF250a, expression of pAKT, γH2AX, BIM, and BAX was higher in EAOC and contiguous endometriosis than in benign endometriosis (P < 0.05), whereas expression of pATM, pCHK2, and Bcl2 was low. All proteins except for Bcl2 showed low expression in benign endometriosis.

Conclusion

Loss of ARID1A‐encoded protein seems to be an early event in EOAC, along with pAKT activation, alteration of γH2AX, and concomitant activation of the apoptosis pathway.
Prognostic risk factors for small cell carcinoma of the cervix and impact of platinum‐based neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Li Xiong , Yang Ru , Jia Yao , Zhou Jin , Ma Ding , Li Shuang
Published: April 2015

Objective

To evaluate prognostic risk factors and the effects of platinum‐based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) among patients with small cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCCC).

Methods

In a retrospective multicenter study, data were analyzed from patients with SCCC diagnosed between July 2001 and October 2009 at one of three hospitals in China. Prognostic risk factors were identified by the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

Follow‐up information was available for 22 patients, including 18 cases of early (FIGO stage IA–IIA) and four cases of advanced (stage IIB–IV) SCCC. The 3‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) rate was 62% for patients with early stage disease and 0% for those at a late stage (P = 0.003). The 3‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 68% and 0%, respectively (P = 0.001). The 3‐year OS rate was 73% for patients with no lymphovascular space invasion and 0% for those with lymphovascular space invasion (P = 0.031). Advanced FIGO stage was the only independent risk factor for 3‐year DFS (P = 0.017) and 3‐year OS (P = 0.006). Patients who received NACT plus radical surgery had a lower rate of distant recurrence than did patients who received radical surgery as the primary treatment (0/8 vs 5/9; P = 0.029).

Conclusion

Advanced disease was an independent risk factor for SCCC prognosis. Platinum‐based NACT seemed to prevent distant recurrence.
Proposed tuberculosis investigation and management protocol in complex and recurrent fistula-in-ano
Authors: de Oliveira Leonardo Guedes Leite , Pupo Neto João de Aguiar , Vieira Eduardo de Paula , Kim Monika Pereira , Flach Luciana da Costa , de Almeida Barbara Cristina Rodrigues , Ferraz Edna Delabio
Published: April 2015

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient disease, endemic in some regions, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among 22 countries accounting for 90% of tuberculosis cases worldwide, Brazil occupies the 17th place. The gastrointestinal form ranks sixth (5%) of extrapulmonary cases, while anorectal represents 2–7% of cases of fistula-in-ano, more common in midlife men, from endemic regions. In our country epidemiological data and accumulated clinical evidence strongly suggest the need for a systematic TB research as a responsible co-factor for complex anal fistulas or also those immunosuppression associated, in an attempt to reduce the high rates of recurrence of anal fistula (>30%).

Purpose The course from a complex anal tuberculosis associated fistula, confirmed after initial suspicion of Crohn's disease, is presented in order to emphasize the relevance of suspicion and a diagnosis protocol, as well as healing criteria in fistulas contaminated by the bacilli.

Discussion Sphincter damage risk in repeated fistula-in-ano surgical approaches requires considering tuberculosis infection, an underdiagnosed condition, and a preoperative diagnostic routine should be suggested. In the absence of description in the literature, preliminary clinical protocols must be provided in order to reduce recurrence and sphincter damage rates, when indicating surgical treatment of the disease.
Massive cerebral air embolism after blunt chest trauma with full neurological recovery
Authors: Reith Georg , Bouillon Bertil , Sakka Samir G. , Defosse Jerome M. , Gossmann Axel , Probst Christian
Published: April 2015

Cerebral air embolism (CAE) is a common, often lethal, complication in blunt and penetrating chest trauma. The factors affecting the outcome of CAE patients are poorly understood, and there is no generally accepted treatment algorithm. In this report, we present the case of a 28-year-old male motorcyclist with a massive CAE, including bilateral internal carotid artery air on computed tomographic examination following blunt chest trauma. With prehospital intubation, oxygen, transfusion, and open laparotomy but without any specific treatment regarding the CAE, a follow-up computed tomography (CT) scan approximately 6 hours later showed resolution of the cerebrovascular air. Recovery was unremarkable, and the patient was discharged neurologically intact after 22 days.
Closed-loop separation control using machine learning
Authors: Gautier N. , Aider J.-L. , Duriez T. , Noack B. R. , Segond M. , Abel M.
Published: April 2015

We present the first closed-loop separation control experiment using a novel, model-free strategy based on genetic programming, which we call ‘machine learning control’. The goal is to reduce the recirculation zone of backward-facing step flow at $\mathit{Re}_{h}=1350$ manipulated by a slotted jet and optically sensed by online particle image velocimetry. The feedback control law is optimized with respect to a cost functional based on the recirculation area and a penalization of the actuation. This optimization is performed employing genetic programming. After 12 generations comprised of 500 individuals, the algorithm converges to a feedback law which reduces the recirculation zone by 80 %. This machine learning control is benchmarked against the best periodic forcing which excites Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices. The machine learning control yields a new actuation mechanism resonating with the low-frequency flapping mode instability. This feedback control performs similarly to periodic forcing at the design condition but outperforms periodic forcing when the Reynolds number is varied by a factor two. The current study indicates that machine learning control can effectively explore and optimize new feedback actuation mechanisms in numerous experimental applications.
A new western Atlantic species of Didiscus Dendy, 1922 (Porifera: Demospongiae: Halichondrida) with a key to the species of the genus
Authors: Santos George Garcia , Pinheiro Ulisses
Published: April 2015

Didiscus gladiussp. nov. is described from Bahia State (Brazil). The sponge is thinly encrusting to lump-shaped and has a glassy, translucent appearance, through which the spiculation is clearly visible. The megascleres are styles and two categories of oxeas. The microscleres are discorhabds. Colour is beige or brown in ethanol.Didiscus verdensisis the nearest relative in the Atlantic which differs from the new species in a series of traits (e.g. absence of true styles and presence of strongyles). A key to species ofDidiscusis given.
Understanding and assessing word comprehension
Authors: GOLDFIELD BEVERLY A. , GENCARELLA CHRISTINA , FORNARI KEVIN
Published: April 2015

The intermodal preferential looking (IPL) task was developed to assess comprehension in infants and toddlers. We extend this methodology to examine word comprehension in preschool children using two measures: proportion of looking time to target (LTT) and longest look (LL) to target. Children (3–6 years) were tested with the IPL for comprehension of nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Both LTT and LL scores showed that, across all ages, eye gaze to the target word increased from baseline to test; there were higher scores for nouns compared to verbs and adjectives. We also compare IPL performance to scores on a standardized test of receptive vocabulary (the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Fourth Edition). Correlations with Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test scores were stronger for LTT than LL measures. The IPL may provide an alternative method for assessing word comprehension in preschool children with behavioral limitations.
A time course analysis of interlingual homograph processing: Evidence from eye movements
Authors: HOVERSTEN LIV J. , TRAXLER MATTHEW J.
Published: April 2015

We recorded eye movements during natural reading to explore the influence of sentence context on bilingual word recognition. English monolinguals and Spanish–English bilinguals read sentences in English that biased either the English or the Spanish meaning of interlingual homographs. Shortly after encountering the homograph, the groups showed equivalent implausibility effects when its English meaning was incongruent with the preceding sentence context. No evidence for immediate homograph interference emerged during this period in the bilingual group. Only in later processing measures did group and congruency interact. Bilinguals may have initially accessed and selected the language appropriate meaning of the homograph to integrate into the sentence. Later, bilinguals accessed their first language lexicon and integrated the Spanish meaning into the sentence when semantically appropriate. Rather than always experiencing cross-language competition, proficient bilinguals may dynamically adapt to contextual cues and selectively access information associated with the contextually cued language under certain conditions.
Dark matter inner slope and concentration in galaxies: from the Fornax dwarf to M87
Authors: Mamon G. A. , Chevalier J. , Romanowsky A. J. , Wojtak R.
Published: April 2015

We apply two new state-of-the-art methods that model the distribution of observed tracers in projected phase space to lift the mass / velocity anisotropy (VA) degeneracy and deduce constraints on the mass profiles of galaxies, as well as their VA. We first show how a distribution function based method applied to the satellite kinematics of otherwise isolated SDSS galaxies shows convincing observational evidence of age matching: red galaxies have more concentrated dark matter (DM) halos than blue galaxies of the same stellar or halo mass. Then, applying the MAMPOSSt technique to M87 (traced by its red and blue globular clusters) we find that very cuspy DM is favored, unless we release priors on DM concentration or stellar mass (leading to unconstrained slope). For the Fornax dwarf spheroidal (traced by its metal-rich and metal-poor stars), the inner DM slope is unconstrained, with weak evidence for a core if the stellar mass is fixed. This highlights how priors are crucial for DM modeling. Finally, we find that blue GCs around M87 and metal-rich stars in Fornax have tangential outer VA.
Scaling Laws for Dark Matter Halos in Late-Type and Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies
Authors: Kormendy John , Freeman K. C.
Published: April 2015

Dark matter (DM) halos of Sc–Im galaxies satisfy structural scaling laws analogous to the fundamental plane relations for elliptical galaxies. Halos in less luminous galaxies have smaller core radii rc, higher central densities ρ^, and smaller central velocity dispersions σ. If dwarf spheroidal (dSph) and dwarf Magellanic irregular (dIm) galaxies lie on the extrapolations of these correlations, then we can estimate their baryon loss relative to that of Sc–Im galaxies. We find that, if there had been no enhanced baryon loss relative to Sc–Im galaxies, typical dSph and dIm galaxies would be brighter by ΔMB ≃ -4.0 mag and ΔMB ≃ -3.5 mag, respectively. Instead, the galaxies lost or retained as gas (in dIm galaxies) baryons that could have formed stars. Also, dSph and dIm galaxies have DM halos that are more massive than we thought, with σ ~ 30 km s−1 or circular-orbit rotation velocities Vcirc ~ 42 km s−1. Comparison of DM and visible matter parameter correlations confirms that, at MV ≳ -18, dSph and dIm galaxies form a sequence of decreasing baryon-to-DM mass ratios in smaller dwarfs. We show explicitly that galaxy baryon content goes to (almost) zero at Vcirc ≲ 42 ± 4 km s−1, in agreement with Vcirc as found from our estimate of baryon depletion. Our results suggest that there may be a large population of DM halos that are dark and undiscovered. This helps to solve the problem that the initial fluctuation spectrum of cold dark matter predicts more dwarf galaxies than we observe.
First record of the sponge-dwelling shrimp Synalpheus dardeaui (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae) in the south-western Atlantic
Authors: Oliveira Mário Vitor , Santos Patricia Souza , Almeida Alexandre Oliveira
Published: April 2015

We report the occurrence of the sponge-dwelling snapping shrimpSynalpheus dardeaui(Decapoda: Alpheidae) for the first time from Porto Seguro (Bahia, Brazil) and record an additional sponge host for the species,Irciniacf.strobilina. Synalpheus dardeauiwas previously known from Florida and some localities in the Caribbean Sea. Therefore, the present finding represents the first record of the species in the south-western Atlantic, extending its southern distribution limit by a latitude of 28° from Curaçao (12°N) to Porto Seguro (16°S). Variations between the Brazilian and Florida–Caribbean materials are discussed and illustrated.
Range extension and first occurrence of the thorny seahorse Hippocampus histrix in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Harasti D.
Published: April 2015

Between 2007 and 2014, three individual thorny seahorses,Hippocampus histrix,were recorded in Port Stephens, New South Wales, Australia. Specimens ranged in size from 6 to 8 cm and were considered to be females. This extends the known range ofH. histrixalong the east coast of Australia by 1700 km.
Study on mechanisms of InGaP/GaAs HBT safe operating area using TCAD simulation
Authors: Tao Nick G.M. , Lin Bo-Rong , Lee Chien-Ping , Henderson Tim , Lin Barry J.F.
Published: April 2015

The safe operating area (SOA) of InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors has been studied using two-dimensional Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) tool. Comprehensive physical models, including hydrodynamic transport-based impact ionization and self-heating models were implemented. The simulations for two DC modes (constant Iband Vbmodes) captured all the SOA features observed in measurements and some failure mechanisms were revealed for the first time by TCAD simulations. The simulated results are also in agreement with analytical modeling. The simulation not only gives us insight to the detailed failure mechanisms, but also provides guidance for the design of devices with better ruggedness and improved SOA performances.
Association of in vitro fertilization with global and IGF2/H19 methylation variation in newborn twins
Authors: Loke Y. J. , Galati J. C. , Saffery R. , Craig J. M.
Published: April 2015

In vitro fertilization (IVF) and its subset intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), are widely used medical treatments for conception. There has been controversy over whether IVF is associated with adverse short- and long-term health outcomes of offspring. As with other prenatal factors, epigenetic change is thought to be a molecular mediator of any in utero programming effects. Most studies focused on DNA methylation at gene-specific and genomic level, with only a few on associations between DNA methylation and IVF. Using buccal epithelium from 208 twin pairs from the Peri/Postnatal Epigenetic Twin Study (PETS), we investigated associations between IVF and DNA methylation on a global level, using the proxies of Alu and LINE-1 interspersed repeats in addition to two locus-specific regulatory regions within IGF2/H19, controlling for 13 potentially confounding factors. Using multiple correction testing, we found strong evidence that IVF-conceived twins have lower DNA methylation in Alu, and weak evidence of lower methylation in one of the two IGF2/H19 regulatory regions and LINE-1, compared with naturally conceived twins. Weak evidence of a relationship between ICSI and DNA methylation within IGF2/H19 regulatory region was found, suggesting that one or more of the processes associated with IVF/ICSI may contribute to these methylation differences. Lower within- and between-pair DNA methylation variation was also found in IVF-conceived twins for LINE-1, Alu and one IGF2/H19 regulatory region. Although larger sample sizes are needed, our results provide additional insight to the possible influence of IVF and ICSI on DNA methylation. To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date investigating the association of IVF and DNA methylation.
Der prognostische Wert von impliziten Motiven für die Talentdiagnostik im Schwimmsport
Authors: Sieber Vanda , Mempel Gordon
Published: April 2015

Bei der Entwicklung junger Talente im Leistungssport stellt sich regelmäßig die Frage nach verbesserten Auswahlkriterien. Im Rahmen der Talentdiagnostik im Leistungssport gelten implizite Motive als vielversprechende Prädiktoren für langfristige Leistungen. Ein Faktor der bisher im Sportkontext nicht berücksichtigt wurde, ist die unbewusste Impulskontrolle, ein Kennwert, der Aufschluss darüber gibt, inwieweit ein Motiv handlungswirksam wird. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde anhand einer Stichprobe von jungen Sportlerinnen und Sportlern der Einfluss der impliziten Motive Leistung und Affiliation in Interaktion mit motivspezifischer Impulskontrolle auf objektive und subjektive Leistungskriterien untersucht. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass bei der Vorhersage der objektiven Leistung ein hohes Leistungsmotiv nur dann einen positiven Effekt besitzt, wenn es nicht durch die Impulskontrolle inhibiert wird. Bei der Vorhersage der subjektiven Leistungskriterien zeigt sich, dass die Inhibition des Anschlussmotivs zu einer besseren Fremdeinschätzung führt. Die Resultate sprechen dafür, neben impliziten Motiven auch deren Zusammenwirken mit Impulskontrolle als Prädiktoren für sportliche Leistung zu analysieren.
On the Relative Importance of Personal Values
Authors: Bilsky Wolfgang , Gollan Tobias , Roccas Sonia , Grad Hector , Teixeira Maria Luisa Mendes , Rodriguez Miryam , Schweiger Gallo Inge , Segal-Caspi Lihi
Published: April 2015

The relative importance of values is a central feature in Schwartz’s value theory. However, instruments used for validating his theory did not assess relative importance directly. Rather, values were independently rated and scores then statistically centered, person-by-person. Whether these scores match those that result from explicitly comparing values has not been tested. We study this here using the Computerized Paired Comparison of Values (CPCV). This instrument was applied to samples from Germany, Brazil, Spain, and Israel, together with Schwartz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ). CPCV- and PVQ-data were analyzed by separate and joint multidimensional scaling, generalized procrustes, and response time analyses. Results support the validity of Schwartz’s structural theory, independently of the assessment instrument used.
Horton Receives 2014 Ocean Sciences Voyager Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: April 2015

Benjamin Horton received the 2014 Ocean Sciences Voyager Award at the 2014 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, held 15-19 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award is given to a midcareer scientist (10-20 years postdegree) in recognition of significant contributions and expanding leadership in ocean sciences.
Crystal preferred orientation of an amphibole experimentally deformed by simple shear
Authors: Ko Byeongkwan , Jung Haemyeong
Published: April 2015

Seismic anisotropy has been widely observed in crust and mantle materials and plays a key role in the understanding of structure and flow patterns. Although seismic anisotropy can be explained by the crystal preferred orientation (CPO) of highly anisotropic minerals in the crust, that is, amphibole, experimental studies on the CPO of amphibole are limited. Here we present the results of novel experiments on simple shear deformation of amphibolite at high pressure and temperatures (1 GPa, 480–700 °C). Depending on the temperature and stress, the deformed amphibole produced three types of CPOs and resulted in a strong seismic anisotropy. Our data provide a new understanding of the observed seismic anisotropy. The seismic data obtained from the amphibole CPOs revealed that anomalous seismic anisotropy observed in the deep crust, subducting slab and mantle wedge can be attributed to the CPO of amphibole.
Mitochondrial function provides instructive signals for activation-induced B-cell fates
Authors: Jang Kyoung-Jin , Mano Hiroto , Aoki Koji , Hayashi Tatsunari , Muto Akihiko , Nambu Yukiko , Takahashi Katsu , Itoh Katsuhiko , Taketani Shigeru , Nutt Stephen L. , Igarashi Kazuhiko , Shimizu Akira , Sugai Manabu
Published: April 2015

During immune reactions, functionally distinct B-cell subsets are generated by stochastic processes, including class-switch recombination (CSR) and plasma cell differentiation (PCD). In this study, we show a strong association between individual B-cell fates and mitochondrial functions. CSR occurs specifically in activated B cells with increased mitochondrial mass and membrane potential, which augment mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS), whereas PCD occurs in cells with decreased mitochondrial mass and potential. These events are consequences of initial slight changes in mROS in mitochondriahigh B-cell populations. In CSR-committed cells, mROS attenuates haeme synthesis by inhibiting ferrous ion addition to protoporphyrin IX, thereby maintaining Bach2 function. Reduced mROS then promotes PCD by increasing haeme synthesis. In PCD-committed cells, Blimp1 reduces mitochondrial mass, thereby reducing mROS levels. Identifying mROS as a haeme synthesis regulator increases the understanding of mechanisms regulating haeme homeostasis and cell fate determination after B-cell activation.
Pontin functions as an essential coactivator for Oct4-dependent lincRNA expression in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Boo Kyungjin , Bhin Jinhyuk , Jeon Yoon , Kim Joomyung , Shin Hi-Jai R. , Park Jong-Eun , Kim Kyeongkyu , Kim Chang Rok , Jang Hyonchol , Kim In-Hoo , Kim V. Narry , Hwang Daehee , Lee Ho , Baek Sung Hee
Published: April 2015

The actions of transcription factors, chromatin modifiers and noncoding RNAs are crucial for the programming of cell states. Although the importance of various epigenetic machineries for controlling pluripotency of embryonic stem (ES) cells has been previously studied, how chromatin modifiers cooperate with specific transcription factors still remains largely elusive. Here, we find that Pontin chromatin remodelling factor plays an essential role as a coactivator for Oct4 for maintenance of pluripotency in mouse ES cells. Genome-wide analyses reveal that Pontin and Oct4 share a substantial set of target genes involved in ES cell maintenance. Intriguingly, we find that the Oct4-dependent coactivator function of Pontin extends to the transcription of large intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) and in particular linc1253, a lineage programme repressing lincRNA, is a Pontin-dependent Oct4 target lincRNA. Together, our findings demonstrate that the Oct4-Pontin module plays critical roles in the regulation of genes involved in ES cell fate determination.
Enhancing grain boundary ionic conductivity in mixed ionic–electronic conductors
Authors: Lin Ye , Fang Shumin , Su Dong , Brinkman Kyle S , Chen Fanglin
Published: April 2015

Mixed ionic–electronic conductors are widely used in devices for energy conversion and storage. Grain boundaries in these materials have nanoscale spatial dimensions, which can generate substantial resistance to ionic transport due to dopant segregation. Here, we report the concept of targeted phase formation in a Ce0.8Gd0.2O2−δ–CoFe2O4 composite that serves to enhance the grain boundary ionic conductivity. Using transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy approaches, we probe the grain boundary charge distribution and chemical environments altered by the phase reaction between the two constituents. The formation of an emergent phase successfully avoids segregation of the Gd dopant and depletion of oxygen vacancies at the Ce0.8Gd0.2O2−δ–Ce0.8Gd0.2O2−δ grain boundary. This results in superior grain boundary ionic conductivity as demonstrated by the enhanced oxygen permeation flux. This work illustrates the control of mesoscale level transport properties in mixed ionic–electronic conductor composites through processing induced modifications of the grain boundary defect distribution.
All-Dielectric Multilayer Cylindrical Structures for Invisibility Cloaking
Authors: Mirzaei Ali , Miroshnichenko Andrey E. , Shadrivov Ilya V. , Kivshar Yuri S.
Published: April 2015

We study optical response of all-dielectric multilayer structures and demonstrate that the total scattering of such structures can be suppressed leading to optimal invisibility cloaking. We use experimental material data and a genetic algorithm to reduce the total scattering by adjusting the material and thickness of various layers for several types of dielectric cores at telecommunication wavelengths. Our approach demonstrates 80-fold suppression of the total scattering cross-section by employing just a few dielectric layers.
Galectin-1-secreting neural stem cells elicit long-term neuroprotection against ischemic brain injury
Authors: Wang Jiayin , Xia Jinchao , Zhang Feng , Shi Yejie , Wu Yun , Pu Hongjian , Liou Anthony K. F. , Leak Rehana K. , Yu Xinguang , Chen Ling , Chen Jun
Published: April 2015

Galectin-1 (gal-1), a special lectin with high affinity to β-galactosides, is implicated in protection against ischemic brain injury. The present study investigated transplantation of gal-1-secreting neural stem cell (s-NSC) into ischemic brains and identified the mechanisms underlying protection. To accomplish this goal, secretory gal-1 was stably overexpressed in NE-4C neural stem cells. Transient cerebral ischemia was induced in mice by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 60 minutes and s-NSCs were injected into the striatum and cortex within 2 hours post-ischemia. Brain infarct volume and neurological performance were assessed up to 28 days post-ischemia. s-NSC transplantation reduced infarct volume, improved sensorimotor and cognitive functions and provided more robust neuroprotection than non-engineered NSCs or gal-1-overexpressing (but non-secreting) NSCs. White matter injury was also ameliorated in s-NSC-treated stroke mice. Gal-1 modulated microglial functionin vitro, by attenuating secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and nitric oxide) in response to LPS stimulation and enhancing production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β). Gal-1 also shifted microglia/macrophage polarization toward the beneficial M2 phenotypein vivoby reducing CD16 expression and increasing CD206 expression. In sum, s-NSC transplantation confers robust neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia, probably by alleviating white matter injury and modulating microglial/macrophage function.
High aspect ratio 10-nm-scale nanoaperture arrays with template-guided metal dewetting
Authors: Wang Ying Min , Lu Liangxing , Srinivasan Bharathi Madurai , Asbahi Mohamed , Zhang Yong Wei , Yang Joel K. W.
Published: April 2015

We introduce an approach to fabricate ordered arrays of 10-nm-scale silica-filled apertures in a metal film without etching or liftoff. Using low temperature (<400°C) thermal dewetting of metal films guided by nano-patterned templates, apertures with aspect ratios up to 5:1 are demonstrated. Apertures form spontaneously during the thermal process without need for further processing. Although the phenomenon of dewetting has been well studied, this is the first demonstration of its use in the fabrication of nanoapertures in a spatially controllable manner. In particular, the achievement of 10-nm length-scale patterning at high aspect ratio with thermal dewetting is unprecedented. By varying the nanotemplate design, we show its strong influence over the positions and sizes of the nanoapertures. In addition, we construct a three-dimensional phase field model of metal dewetting on nano-patterned substrates. The simulation data obtained closely corroborates our experimental results and reveals new insights to template dewetting at the nanoscale. Taken together, this fabrication method and simulation model form a complete toolbox for 10-nm-scale patterning using template-guided dewetting that could be extended to a wide range of material systems and geometries.
Illuminating biological processes through site-specific protein labeling
Authors: Zhang Gong , Zheng Siqi , Liu Haiping , Chen Peng R.
Published: April 2015

This tutorial review introduces strategies for site-specific protein labeling, and highlights its advantages in solving biological questions.
A new route toward light emission from Ge: tensile-strained quantum dots
Authors: Chen Qimiao , Song Yuxin , Wang Kai , Yue Li , Lu Pengfei , Li Yaoyao , Gong Qian , Wang Shumin
Published: April 2015

Tensile strained Ge quantum dot will be a promising new light emission material.
Water-triggered self-assembly polycondensation for the one-pot synthesis of cyclomatrix polyphosphazene nanoparticles from amino acid ester
Authors: Huang Zhangjun , Chen Shuangshuang , Lu Xuemin , Lu Qinghua
Published: April 2015

Water-triggered self-assembly polycondensation was proposed for preparation of cyclomatrix polyphosphazene nanoparticles from amino acid ester, and a critical solubility parameter was found to determine whether the nanoparticles were formed.
Fluorescence and colorimetric detection of ATP based on a strategy of self-promoting aggregation of a water-soluble polythiophene derivative
Authors: Cheng Dandan , Li Yandong , Wang Jing , Sun Yujiao , Jin Lu , Li Chenxi , Lu Yan
Published: April 2015

A sensitive fluorescent and colorimetric dual-modal probe for the detection of ATP has been developed based on a strategy of self-promoting aggregation of a cationic polythiophene derivative bearing anthracene groups in the side chain with a detection limit as low as 10−9 M.
Effect of irradiation defects on the corrosion behaviors of steels exposed to lead bismuth eutectic in ADS: a first-principles study
Authors: Zhang Yange , You Yu-Wei , Li Dong-Dong , Xu Yichun , Liu C. S. , Pan B. C. , Wang Zhiguang
Published: April 2015

Irradiation defects could promote the aggregation of LBE atoms in iron.
Enhanced electrical properties at boundaries including twin boundaries of polycrystalline CdTe thin-film solar cells
Authors: Li H. , Liu X. X. , Lin Y. S. , Yang B. , Du Z. M.
Published: April 2015

The effect of grain boundaries (GBs), in particular twin boundaries (TBs), on CdTe polycrystalline thin films is studied by conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM), electron-beam-induced current (EBIC), scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM).
Multiwalled carbon nanotube coated polyester fabric as textile based flexible counter electrode for dye sensitized solar cell
Authors: Arbab Alvira Ayoub , Sun Kyung Chul , Sahito Iftikhar Ali , Qadir Muhammad Bilal , Jeong Sung Hoon
Published: April 2015

Textile wearable electronics offers the combined advantages of both electronics and textile characteristics.
The effect of structure directing agents on the ordering of fluoride ions in pure silica MFI zeolites
Authors: Brace S. L. , Wormald P. , Darton R. J.
Published: April 2015

The effect of structure directing agent size/shape on the ordering of the framework fluoride ions in pure silica zeolites.
A THz/FTIR fingerprint of the solvated proton: evidence for Eigen structure and Zundel dynamics
Authors: Decka Dominique , Schwaab Gerhard , Havenith Martina
Published: April 2015

Zundel (orange), Eigen (red) and hydration water (light blue) contributions to the THz/FIR extinction of the solvated proton.