bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospective Randomized Study Comparing the Usefulness of Dexmedetomidine versus Esmolol in Blunting Hemodynamic Responses to Intubation in Surgical Patients
Authors: Roy Roniya Ann , Kesavan Rajesh , Rajan Sunil , Kartha Niveditha , Kumar Lakshmi
Published: March 2022

Background:

Sympathetic response due to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation though transient, could be life-threatening in patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases.

Aim of the Study:

The aim of this study is to assess the effects of dexmedetomidine and esmolol on the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgery.

Settings and Design:

Prospective, randomized study conducted in a tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty patients were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. Group A received 0.5 mcg.kg−1 dexmedetomidine and Group B 0.5 mg.kg−1 esmolol infusions over 10 min. All patients were induced with propofol 2 mg.kg−1 followed by succinylcholine 2 mg.kg−1 and intubated. The heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded at different time points.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and paired t-test.

Results:

Baseline HR was statistically different in both groups. There was significant decrease in percentage change in baseline HR in Group A compared to Group B at preinduction (20.44% ± 10.82%, 13.63% ± 11.84%), before intubation (23.49 ± 12.62, 13.95 ± 14.86), and 7 min after intubation (14.65 ± 12.62, 6.80 ± 16.11). Percentage change in HR remained comparable in all other time points. Baseline MAP was comparable between the groups. Percentage change from baseline of MAP was significantly higher in Group B before intubation. All other time points MAP were comparable. The incidence of hypotension was comparable in both groups.

Conclusions:

Both dexmedetomidine and esmolol suppressed the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation, but dexmedetomidine was more effective than esmolol in maintaining hemodynamic stability.
Omicron
Authors: Kamath Vasantha , Reddy Deepthi
Published: March 2022

Emerging infectious diseases are now a concern worldwide and can evolve into a global health-care crisis or pandemic. Identification of the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is considered a variant of concern has added fuel to the eternal flame of the global COVID-19 pandemic. There is an apparent sharp rise in cases of the new variant which is setting off alarm bells. The emergence of this new strain of the virus has taken a disproportionate toll in few countries including India. The need of the hour is to track the concerning rise of the new variant of the SARS-COV-2 causing COVID-19 and to prevent the reinfection.
Disseminated Histoplasmosis in HIV patients- Case series from a single tertiary care centre in India
Authors: Arora Sumit , Ashta Kuldeep K. , Hashmi Syed Asif , Arun N. , Dudani Sharmila
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

HIV-positive patients are at risk of developing various opportunistic infections, including disseminated histoplasmosis, the incidence of which is 29% in India. Diagnosis is usually delayed as the clinical manifestations are diverse and mimic other common diseases endemic to this region such as tuberculosis and visceral leishmaniasis. This leads to preventable morbidity and mortality.

Materials and Methods:

We carried out a retrospective data analysis of 1280 HIV positive patients' who were on treatment at our centre between 2016 and 2020., of which 8 cases of confirmed histoplasmosis were identified. The clinicopathological spectrum and outcomes of these patients were analyzed and presented as a case series.

Results:

The median age of patients was 39.5 years. In six out of eight patients, disseminated histoplasmosis was the initial presentation of HIV. Fever, weight loss, macular-papular skin lesions, bicytopenia, and respiratory system involvement were the most common clinical manifestations. Pulmonary lesions included patchy areas of consolidation, miliary nodules, and pleural effusion. Gastrointestinal symptoms were uncommon. In six out of eight patients, CD4 count was <50/mm3. The median CD4 count and median HIV RNA at presentation were 21.5 per mm3 (interquartile range [IQR]: 12–54) and 2.98 × 105 copies/ml (IQR: 1.24 × 104–5.33 × 106), respectively. Diagnosis in all cases was made by direct visualization of the fungus on biopsy. Most patients responded to L-amphotericin or itraconazole. Three out of eight patients expired due to septic shock following disseminated disease.

Conclusion:

A high index of clinical suspicion along with early institution of therapy is essential to reduce mortality.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia masquerading as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Mathiyazhagan Gopinathan , Gupta Anshul , Rahman Khaliqur , Nityanand Soniya
Published: March 2022

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a condition characterized by immunological imbalance due to inappropriate activation of macrophage, T/NK cells resulting in hypercytokinemia and subsequent tissue damage. We present an interesting case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who presented to us with clinical and laboratory features of HLH. High index of suspicion for malignancy based on clinical history and bone marrow examination led us to reach at definitive diagnosis of ALL.
Study of Relationship between Bone Mineral Density in Ipsilateral Proximal Femur and Severity of Osteoarthritis of Knee
Authors: Anand Vijender , Gupta Ajay , Sethi Satyaranjan , Kumar Sushil
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is the most common rheumatic disease that is characterized by degradation of articular cartilage, subchondral bone alteration, meniscal degeneration, synovial inflammatory response, and overgrowth of bone and cartilage. In severe OA, the reduced mobility caused by pain can increase bone loss and reduction of bone mineral density leading to osteoporosis.

Objective:

To examine the possible relationship between severity of osteoarthritis (OA) and bone mineral density (BMD) by evaluating the bone mineral density in ipsilateral proximal femur and radiographic grading of knee OA in the Indian population.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional observational study, 100 subjects diagnosed with OA knee using ACR criteria were enrolled. Severity of OA knee was assessed using Kellgren-Lawrence scale (1 to 4) on weight-bearing radiographs. The BMD, T-score, and Z-score of the ipsilateral proximal femur was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to test the association of severity of OA knee with BMD.

Results:

Among 100 subjects, there were 51 females and 49 males with mean age 59.94 ± 6.67. Maximum patients were with K-L grade 2 (42%) followed by grade 3 (30%) and grade 4 (22%). There was statistically significant (p < 0.0001) association between BMD and severity of OA knee. BMD decreased as the K-L grade of OA knee increased from 1 to 4. Similar statistically significant association was observed in T-score and Z-score.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that BMD of ipsilateral proximal femur decreases with severity of OA knee. These data support the fact that the two conditions may be related to each other and primary care physicians must look for these two conditions in coexistence. Primary prevention of either of the two conditions should be advised, if the other condition coexists in the same patient.
Assessment of oral health status among intellectually and physically disabled population in Chennai
Authors: Suresh Sushanthi , Indiran Meignana A. , Doraikannan Srisakthi , Prabakar Jayashri , Balakrishnan Satheesh
Published: February 2022

Background:

Oral health is an integral part of general health. In certain populations, especially among intellectually and physically disabled individuals, oral health is neglected. People with disabilities deserve the same opportunities for oral health and hygiene as those who are abled, but sadly dental care is the most common unmet health care need of the disabled people. Aim: The purpose of the study is to assess the oral health status and dental care utilization of people above 15 years with intellectual and physical disability in Chennai.

Methodology:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the dental caries experience, gingival status, prevalence of fluorosis and lesion, and dental service utilization among 132 intellectually and physically disabled people in Chennai. After obtaining the caregivers consent of the participants, oral health was assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) proforma, 2013. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 23.

Results:

When DMFT indexes were examined with regard to sex, the mean DMFT was found to be higher for males with 1.453 ± 1.847 whereas females have 1.403 ± 1.73, and mean DMFT was found to be more for the 26–35 years age group with 2.3 ± 2.01. 81.8% of the population had no gingival bleeding whereas only 18.18% had gingival bleeding.

Conclusion:

With the obtained results, people with physical disability have a high mean DMFT compared with intellectual disability. The present study showed dental negligence among mentally disabled population where the parents, caretakers, and dentists are responsible.
Post-partum complete acute uterine inversion: A coordinated multi-disciplinary approach ameliorates an obstetric nightmare, a case report
Authors: Kumari Sarita , Singh Vinita , Ray Alokananda , Swain Amlan
Published: February 2022

Acute uterine inversion is a rare life-threatening complication of third stage of labour. In majority of cases, exact aetiology is unknown. It should be strongly suspected when the triad of haemorrhage, shock and severe abdominal pain with bearing down sensation is present after delivery of placenta. It can occur even after active management of third stage of labour. Diagnosis is essentially clinical. Expeditious manual repositioning of uterus and simultaneous liberal use of uterotonics is the management of choice. This was successfully attempted in the present case where a 26-year-old multiparous woman, without any identifiable risk factors, developed acute puerperal uterine inversion after active management of labour. It was observed that quick and accurate clinical judgement and timely intervention can prevent maternal mortality. The role of a multidisciplinary team including primary health care provider, obstetrician, anaesthesiologist and critical care experts has significant effects on outcome especially in intractable cases.
COVID19 associated mucormycosis: A review
Authors: Palanisamy Priyadharsini R. , Elango Dhivya
Published: February 2022

Mucormycosis, a rare fungal disease has emerged as a new epidemic in India, during the CoronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Mucormycosis is caused by the mucormycetes group of molds. Immunocompromised states such as diabetes, chronic steroid use, and patients receiving immunosuppressant drugs are the risk factors for mucormycosis. The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has also invited the notorious mucormycosis in the current scenario. India has announced mucormycosis as a notifiable disease in May 2021, as the number of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis cases has increased swiftly. There are different opinions and evidence for the emergence of mucormycosis or the so-called ‘black fungus’. It is proposed that the use of steroids, monoclonal antibodies, and prolonged hospitalization in the treatment of COVID-19 has substantially decreased the immunity in COVID-19-affected patients and maybe the reason for the emergence of fungal infections. The other hypothesis is that improper disinfection procedures such as using non-sterile water for humidification of oxygen can be the reason. Or, the COVID-19 infection itself produces an immunocompromised and diabetic-like state is again a question. This review mainly focuses on the discussion and identification of the most common risk factor for mucormycosis, investigations, and management of mucormycosis.
Assessment of knowledge and their practices regarding malaria among members of Village Health Sanitation Committee in rural Uttar Pradesh: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kumar Sandip , Srivastava Dhiraj K. , Jaiswal Kirti , Shukla Sushil K. , Bajpai Prashant K. , Kaushik Amit
Published: February 2022

Background:

In 2019, the global number of malaria cases was estimated at 229 million. An estimated 409,000 deaths were attributed to malaria in 2019. Under-five children are the most susceptible to malaria, accounting for 67% (274,000) of all malaria deaths worldwide in 2019. This study aimed to assess knowledge and practices regarding malaria among Village Health Sanitation Committee (VHSC) members in rural Uttar Pradesh.

Methodology:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the villages of four districts of Uttar Pradesh with high malaria burden. In the present study, 484 participants were interviewed from four districts of Uttar Pradesh.

Results:

Nearly all the participants (97.1%) have heard about malaria. Majority of the participants (97.1) were aware that mosquito bites spread malaria. However, many participants were also having a false awareness that malaria is spread by other modes like drinking contaminated water, touching each other, eating contaminated food, and so on. More than half of the participants told that mosquitoes are responsible for malaria breeds in stagnant clean water (25.6%) and stagnant dirty water (28.5%). Nearly half of them were aware that mosquitoes’ biting time was sunset (42.1%) and sunrise (7.8%).

Conclusion:

In the present study, many participants were having a false awareness that malaria is spread by other modes like drinking contaminated water, touching each other, eating contaminated food, and so on. Even the knowledge regarding any government program for the prevention and control of malaria of the mosquitoes was very weak. There is an urgent requirement of increasing knowledge among the VHSC members to reduce the malaria burden in the country.
An epidemiological study and trend analysis of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases among children in North India
Authors: Mussadiq Sabba , Verma Rajesh K. , Singh Dharmendra P. , Bajpai Prashant K. , Begum Naila , Kumar Sandeep
Published: February 2022

Background:

The role of children in transmitting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is difficult to ascertain and the consequences remain unclear. This is necessary for public health or infection control purposes. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, month-wise trends and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection among children in a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was performed on all pediatric samples of suspected cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The samples were received from the adjoining districts and our Institution in the Department of Microbiology from June to November 2020. Cases were then confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.

Results:

Of the total 62,030 pediatric samples tested, 847 (1.3%) were SARS-CoV-2 positive. The majority of positive cases were between the ages of 11–15 years. The median age of confirmed patients was 14 years. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. Infants represented 1.6% of the positive cases. About 62.1% of all positive cases were asymptomatic. Childhood cases increased from June 2020 and peaked in September 2020 before declining.

Conclusion:

Children of all ages appeared susceptible to COVID-19 and accounted for a very small proportion of confirmed cases. Mostly, children were found to be asymptomatic. Young children can be important transmitters of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population. This population can be important for targeting immunization efforts throughout a rapidly evolving situation. Our findings provide further evidence of the distribution of infection in children and the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Awareness about tuberculosis in a rural area of Mandya district: A cross-sectional study in southern Karnataka
Authors: Shashikantha SK , Sheethal MP
Published: February 2022

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) is a re-emerging disease in India. Creating awareness among the community still plays a vital role in preventing and controlling the spread of TB.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out for a period of 4 months in a rural area in Mandya, southern Karnataka. Sample size was estimated and those who fulfill the inclusion criteria were included with prior consent. Data were collected through interview method using structured questionnaire and analyzed using Epi info software.

Results:

Among the 774 participants, majority (61.8%) of the study participants belonged to the age group of 30–59 years; 32.7% of the subjects had studied up to secondary level of education. More than three-fourth of the subjects (76.1%) had heard about TB disease. More than 50% of the subjects mentioned “coughing” by a diseased person as the main reason for spread. Forty percent of the subjects, opined as recovery, will be complete after treatment. More than 60% of the subjects knew that TB diagnosis and treatment is free in any government health center.

Conclusion:

Our study found that knowledge regarding TB and its control in many of the aspects is either insufficient or not satisfactory in the community.
Comparison of diagnostic value of two-dimensional ultrasound and clinical examination in fetal weight estimation
Authors: Nurzadeh Maryam , Naemi Mahsa , Hasani Shahrzad Sheikh
Published: February 2022

Background:

Estimation of fetal weight during pregnancy plays an important role in prenatal and intrapartum care and is more important in pregnancies after 37 weeks to determine the type of delivery. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the accuracy and diagnostic value of two-dimensional ultrasound and clinical examination in estimating fetal weight and pregnancy outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 pregnant women without abnormal fetuses and pregnancies after 37 weeks; mothers who had a normal delivery or cesarean section were evaluated by the available method. The weight of the fetus was estimated before and after delivery, using ultrasound and clinical examination. Newborns were classified into five groups based on their fetal weight. Analysis of collected data was performed with SPSS software.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 31 years and the mean weight of the neonates was 3450 g. At a weight of less than 3000 g, ultrasound and clinical evaluation were strongly correlated with the actual weight of the infant, but at weights of more than 3500 and 4000 g, weight estimation with ultrasound was highly accurate, and clinical examination had poor accuracy. In lower weights, square errors were fewer in both ultrasound and clinical examination, in comparison with higher weights. In higher weights, ultrasound is more reliable, and the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination is reduced.

Conclusion:

Estimation of fetal weight with prenatal ultrasound is highly accurate. Clinical examination is more accurate in determining the weight of small fetuses and does not pay much attention to the diagnosis of macrosomic fetuses and even leads to overestimation, while ultrasound is much more accurate in diagnosing fetal macrosomia.
Pneumomediastinum: Radiological profile and associations of uncommon complication of COVID-19
Authors: Sarda Prashant , Thakker Vishal , Waikhom Premila D. , Arora Manali , Sharma Rohit , Baisoya Sovinder , Rawat Jagdish , Azad Rajiv K.
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an uncommon complication of Corona Virus Disease (COVID)-19 presenting mostly in moderate to severe cases.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective observational imaging and hospital data-based study done on 15 confirmed patients of COVID-19 who underwent high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) thorax at the Department of Radio-Diagnosis of a tertiary medical center in the Himalayan foothills. The clinico-radiological profile of the study group was assessed and it was aimed at finding the association of pneumomediastinum with the severity of lung changes.

Results:

A strong association of pneumomediastinum was observed with severe lung changes on HRCT thorax (n = 13, 87%, P < 0.00001). Dyspnea was the most common presenting factor. The mortality rate is high in mechanically intubated patients of pneumomediastinum with COVID-19 (75%).

Conclusion:

Pneumomediastinum is a complication of a severe COVID-19 disease spectrum. Along with severe lung parenchymal disease, systemic inflammation, systemic steroid therapy, comorbid state, and mechanical intubation, it is a part of the pool of poor prognostic factors. HRCT is essential for making a quick and comprehensive diagnosis, thereby, guiding the clinician for further management.
Mantoux test defaulters in rural population attending tertiary care hospital in a tuberculosis endemic area
Authors: Faujdar Sameer Singh , Singh Uday , Kumar Satish , Mehrishi Priya , Sharma Amisha , Dutta Aayushi
Published: February 2022

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the main causes of mortality among infectious diseases. The prevalence of tuberculosis is very high in developing countries such as India. Mantoux test is frequently used for the diagnosis of latent or active tuberculosis despite low sensitivity and specificity. However, the Mantoux test is a crucial test in a resource-less setup for the diagnosis of TB. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to find the dropout rate and dropout reasons in Mantoux testing.

Methodology:

All suspected TB patients attending out-patient department and further tested for Mantoux test.

Results:

Of the total 789 Mantoux tests, 459 (58%) were negative, 195 (25%) were positive, and 135 (17%) were dropouts. One of the main reasons for dropout was patients did not give importance to the Mantoux test.

Conclusion:

Dropout rate in Mantoux testing can be reduced by patient counseling regarding TB and Mantoux test by the doctor.
Knowledge and attitude of the general population regarding infant hearing loss in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almutairi Abdulhakeem N. , Altuaysi Abdullah M. , Alwhaid Mohammed S. , Alhasson Muath A. , Alharbi Meshari A. , Alsalam Hawra’a A. , Almazyadi Hashim A. , Almuqbil Abdulrahman Ahmed
Published: February 2022

Background:

Ear health and hearing loss (HL) among infants has devastating outcomes. With most HL being deemed preventable, the assessment of one’s knowledge and attitude regarding this impairment is important. In Saudi Arabia, the state of the general population’s knowledge on infant HL remains unknown.

Objectives:

To determine and further elucidate the general population’s knowledge and attitude with regard to HL in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional survey-based study conducted on the general population of Saudi Arabia. A predetermined questionnaire was translated into Arabic. This was distributed among the targeted participants in several provinces of Saudi Arabia (central, northern, eastern, western, and southern) by using an online survey via social media. The data were collected and analyzed via the SPSS program.

Results:

The knowledge with moderate, poor, and good was determined among 60.9%, 29.6%, and 9.4% of the participants, respectively. The participants with positive and negative attitudes were detected among 92.6% and 7.4% of respondents, respectively. Increasing age was associated with better attitude, while increased knowledge was directly related to higher educational attainment. Those who have a child with HL had nearly twice as poor knowledge as those who do not have a child with HL (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Although most of the respondents possessed a positive attitude toward infant HL, their knowledge about it seems to be lacking. Thus, there is a need to address these knowledge gaps regarding infant HL.
Experiences and challenges faced by the working population during COVID-19 Lockdown: A qualitative study
Authors: Najeeb Shana Shirin , George Leyanna Susan
Published: February 2022

Background:

The largest COVID-19 national lockdown was declared on 25 March 2020 in India with a total shutdown of workplaces and transport sectors. A complete lockdown deemed the entire population of the country to stay wherever they were residing at that point of time with no entry or exit movements being permitted thereafter. This unique situation betwixt a menacing health crisis rolled out a scenario uncustomary to the nation`s citizens. The varied responses of the masses to the lockdown need to be captured in order to understand the difficulties and dilemmas faced by them. Hence, this qualitative analysis aimed to capture the immediate challenges and experiences faced by the working population during the first-ever declared nationwide lockdown.

Methodology:

After obtaining institutional ethical committee clearance, a qualitative study was conducted using grounded theory approach. Using purposive sampling, people representative of the working-class population in Kerala were selected from three districts of the state. Equal representation of males and females were maintained. In-depth interviews were conducted via telephone using an interview guide till data saturation was obtained. The audio recorded data were later transcribed verbatim and translated to English. The transcripts were then manually coded to identify the emerging themes and subthemes and conclusions were drawn after triangulation.

Results:

The age of the study participants ranged from 32 to 71 years, they were occupied in different vocations and belonged to middle-class families across three districts of Kerala. All of them were aware and were mentally prepared for a national lockdown. They also made arrangements such as purchase of food, drinking water, medicines, etc., for home but also for office as well. Even though most of them were initially excited about the lockdown it was then followed by fear of contracting the disease, worries about loss of work and financial security. The study participants identified the advantages of lockdown as having more time for self & for family, use of the online/digital medium for routine activities and many also appreciated the support provided by the government in the form of food kits and loans. The lockdown was found to have increased the workload especially for women who had to manage not only family but also online work from home.

Conclusion:

The study was able to capture the different experiences and challenges faced by the middle-class working population. Even though they went through a cascade of initial excitement followed by fear of contracting the disease, it eventually turned into concerns of job and financial insecurities. The united frontline work of various sectors like police, health sector, local self-government, Kudumbashree and voluntary groups collectively aided in building community resilience enabling the southern state of Kerala to overcome the devastating effects of the pandemic and lockdown.
An evaluation of liver function tests in severe acute respiratory syndrome - Corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the backdrop of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Jana Pratip , Priyadarshini Indu , Roy Smita , Datta Pritha , Das Saswati
Published: February 2022

Background:

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has emerged as the most challenging global health problem of this century. The concomitant presence of co-morbidities like chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, CHD, further complicates the problem.

Aim:

To assess the patterns of LFT abnormalities in patients of SARS-CoV-2 infection with and without CKD and evaluate the probable outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional retrospective observational study done on 600 patient samples (Group 1: SARS-CoV-2 without CKD, Group 2: SARS-CoV-2 with CKD and Group 3: CKD uninfected with SARS-CoV-2) which were processed for LFT and KFT.

Results:

AST and ALT were significantly higher in all SARS-CoV-2 infected; Group 1 mean ± 2SD, (63.63 ± 42.89U/L & 50.25 ± 46.53U/L), group 2 (90.59 ± 62.51U/L & 72.09 ± 67.24 U/L) as compared to Group 3 (25.24 ± 7.47U/L & 24.93 ± 11.44U/L). A statistically significant elevation is seen in these two parameters in Group 2 as compared to Group 1. There was a negative significant correlation between eGFR and AST/ALT levels in Group 1 (p < 0.05). In Group 2, a weak positive correlation was seen with ALT. Group 3, eGFR’s showed strong correlations with AST and ALT levels; reduction in kidney function correlated well with increase in serum ALP levels.

Conclusions:

This study establishes that SARS-CoV-2 infected, with CKD, show higher elevations in serum aminotransferase levels in comparison to those without CKD. In contrast, the CKD group not infected, shows a decline in serum aminotransferase levels. Serum ALT values in SARS-CoV-2 show significant correlation with eGFR. Also, elevated ALP values in CKD patients may be used as an indicator of declining kidney function.
Effect of nutritional intervention on anthropometric measurements of malnourished children at Nutritional Rehabilitation Center, Civil Hospital Ahmedabad under “Mission Balam Sukham” scheme
Authors: Bhanat Norma Jayeshbhai , Mall Anjali
Published: February 2022

Context:

In Gujarat, 39.7% of children are underweight and 10.6% are severely wasted in under five years of age. Nutritional rehabilitation centers started by the Government of Gujarat under the “Mission Balam Sukham” program focused at providing an energy-dense diet and protein along with other nutrients to combat malnutrition in children by hospital admission.

Aim:

To estimate the effect of nutritional intervention on Anthropometric measurements of malnourished children at Nutritional Rehabilitation Center (NRC), Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad.

Settings and Design:

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the NRC of B. J. Medical College, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat.

Methods and Material:

It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted at NRC, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad from January 2017 till December 2017 (1-year duration). A total of 159 children, 0–5 years were admitted in NRC during this period and observed during their stay with three follow-up visits.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Z-test, one-way ANOVA on repeated measures test.

Results:

The majority of the admitted children were in the age group of 12–23 months. Overall mean weight at admission was 6.1 ± 1.7 Kg. The increase in mean weight at discharge was 6.5 ± 1.9 Kg. The mean weight on the third follow-up was 7.4 ± 1.9 Kg. Nearly 62.3% of severely malnourished children had improvement (cured) after treatment that was given during NRC admission.

Conclusions:

The present study confirmed the effectiveness of nutrition rehabilitation centers in the management of severe acute malnutrition.
Barriers perceived by researchers in pursuing medical research in an evolving medical college of tribal Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Kabirpanthi Vikrant , Gupta Vikas , Chavan Pragati V.
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Doing quality medical research that improves patient care, improves medical education, reduces expenditures, and benefits society at large is an important responsibility, though often underrated. Appropriate measures are required to be taken when a medical college is new. Hence, this provided an opportunity to conduct a study at a current medical institution with the aim of identifying the barriers faced by research in various domains.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included currently working faculties, including senior residents and demonstrators, as subjects. A structured questionnaire with close-ended responses was used, which covered the baseline characteristics of subjects and perceived research barriers among researchers. After obtaining institutional ethical approval, the study was initiated. During the analysis of the data, an association between variables was significant for P value < 0.05.

Results:

In the present study, out of 105 eligible subjects, only 98 of them participated. The mean age of the subjects was 36.06 ± 6.48 years. The most frequent barriers expressed were a lack of research training facilities to solve individual research problems (45.9%) and a lack of a sufficient financial budget for research activities (57.1%). The organizational-managerial level domain was significantly associated with the subject’s age, designation, and gender (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The present study identified the barriers faced by the researcher at various levels. Despite the presence of a young workforce, it was surprising to notice that more than half of the faculty members had poor research barrier scores in each of six domains, probably due to a lack of mentorship and acknowledgement, and a lack of skill in using computer-based hardware and software.
He hit me; but it’s okay! Female submissiveness in marital abuse: A review in Indian context
Authors: Kumar L Manoj , Stephen Jayan , George Rinu J. , Babu Libina
Published: February 2022

India, a country with manifold multicultural bonds and relationships often witnesses a gross number of conflicted marital relationships. The plight in the frequency of marital abuse reporting in India has called gross public health attention globally. Multiple factors contribute to this arena in which, when we analyse can find out females submissiveness to report and or react to such kind of abusive incidences. The objective of this article is to review recent literature on female submissiveness in marital abuse. This narrative review is carried out to depict various perspectives that initiate abusive relationships and certain factors that prevent women from being subjected to rapid response. Literature relevant to the topic which was published within twenty years in prominent journals, newspapers, and websites has been reviewed thoroughly while writing this paper. Keywords for literature search included terms such as domestic violence, intimate partner violence/abuse, spouse abuse, married woman/female submissiveness, abusive marital relationships, and marital abuse. There is a paucity of studies analysing psychological and socio-demographic determinants of this submissiveness within such relationships in India. Several factors such as cultural, psycho-social, environmental attributes may prompt submissiveness among females in abusive marital relationships, which often leads to psychopathology and physical ailments. It is important to understand the need for a multidisciplinary approach to preventing marital abuse as a public health issue. By preventing and modulating such factors public health and women’s well-being can be preserved in various domains.
Assessment of depression, anxiety and stress experienced by health care and allied workers involved in SARS-CoV2 pandemic
Authors: Shekhar Saket , Ahmad Shamshad , Ranjan Alok , Pandey Sanjay , Ayub Arshad , Kumar Pragya
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a global health crisis. Health workforce has been working vigorously in COVID-19 management. So, we have planned this study with an aim to assess the psychological profile of healthcare and allied workers involved in SARS-CoV2 pandemic and to look for associated factors.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional observational study was planned at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna. Study population comprised of Health care workers and allied health care workers involved in COVID-19 management.

Results:

Data from 254 study participants have been included in the study. The prevalence of severe and extremely severe depression among study participants was 8.3 and 3.1 percent. Severe and extremely severe anxiety prevalence was found to be 9.4 and 13.8 percent. The prevalence of severe and extremely severe stress was 2.4 and 2.4 percent each. Education till post-graduation, unmarried, occupation of doctor, Comorbidity of headache and occurrence of influenza-like illness in last 3 months had a statistically significant association with high depression score. With high Anxiety score and high-stress score statistically significant association was seen in education till postgraduation, unmarried, occupation of doctor, duration of 1 COVID-19 duty of ≥8 hours.

Conclusion:

The study highlights high psychological comorbidities in the form of depression, anxiety and stress among health care workers and allied health care workers working in COVID-19 pandemic. Prevalence of psychological morbidity is higher among doctors compared to nurses and allied health workers. COVID-19 duty of ≥8 hours have been found to be hampering mental health.
Frequency of phobia among sexual assault victims referred to legal medicine organization in Isfahan province
Authors: Khademi Nasim , Heshmat Farahnaz , Khodarahmi Shiva , Nikbakht Tara , Mihandoust Soada
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Phobia is a mental disorder that can occur following rape and pose a serious threat to women’s health. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of paranoia in female victims of rape referred to Isfahan Forensic Medicine Center in 2014.

Methods:

This descriptive study included 93 women rape victims referred to Isfahan Forensic Medicine Center who were randomly selected. The study tool was the demographic information and mental health questionnaire scl-90. Descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation, independent t test, one-way analysis of variance in SPSS version 17 were used to analyze the data.

Results:

This study showed that there was a significant positive correlation between rape and phobia (P < 0.001) so that the prevalence of phobia in people who were raped was moderate to high. Also 9.1% (8 people) of mild phobias (scores 1–0), 79.5% (70 people) moderate phobias (scores 1–1) and 11.4% (10 people) phobias in the range Severe (scores 4–3) reported. Of the seven sub-indices in the phobia section, 52.3% (46 people) had very unreasonable fears. Approximately 52.3% (46 people) were afraid of traveling, 46.6% (41 people) were afraid of being alone. Going, 38.6% (34 people) fear of the market, 51.1% (45 people) anxiety, 12.5% (11 people) feeling of alienation, 1.1% (1 person) fear of fainting in total.

Conclusion:

Due to the increasing number of rapes in women and the recognition of rape as a factor disrupting mental health, strategies and resources should be provided to prevent rape against women and its adverse consequences, including phobia and early diagnosis and treatment of this complication and other complications Be allocated.
Evaluation of the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on salivary flow rate in patients with xerostomia - A case control study
Authors: Chandra Reshmi , Bhakta Poulomi , Beniwal Jyoti , Dhanda Ravina , Saxena Vivek , Sinha Sachin
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

In oral cavity, saliva is a physiological fluid present in the oral cavity. Oral fluid is an absolute media exploring for health and disease surveillance. Saliva is a complex fluid. Xerostomia is the subjective complain of dryness in the oral cavity due to decreased salivary flow. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is an established physical therapy, which is useful for the pain relief.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 25 subjects of xerostomia and 25 age and sex matched normal subjects visiting the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Pacific Dental College and Hospital were included in the study. For patients with positive mirror stick test unstimulated saliva were collected with ‘low forced spitting’ method in a graduated test tube for 5 minutes. Individuals with unstimulated salivary flow equal to or less than 0.5 mL per 5 min were included in the study group (xerostomia) and individuals with salivary flow more than 0.5 mL per 5 min were included in the control group (age and sex matched). The TENS unit were then activated and intensity control switch were gradually increased to tolerable level of patient for 15 min. At this optimal intensity, stimulated saliva were collected for 5 min with same method in a separate graduated test tube and flow rate were compared with unstimulated salivary flow rate. Same were done with 25 control patients.

Results:

The data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. The following findings were observed in the study. There was increase salivary flow rate in xerostomic individuals after TENS application. More improvement was found in inter appointment salivary flow than two follow-ups. Healthy group showed more improvement than xerostomia after TENS therapy Known cases of diabetes mellitus patients with xerostomia revealed more improvement than other etiologies of xerostomia included in this study.

Conclusion:

This present study has an important therapeutic value in the treatment of patients with xerostomia. TENS therapy was highly effective in stimulating whole salivary flow. The encouraging results of this present study indicate that TENS has the potential to increase salivary flow rate and can be an important alternative in the xerostomia treatment.
Study of sleep disorders in the elderly visiting geriatrics department
Authors: Regati Maneesha , Vijayakumar Priya
Published: February 2022

Context:

Sparse published data are available from India regarding sleep disorders in elderly, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness.

Aims:

To study sleep disturbances in the elderly (>60 years) subjects.

Settings and Design:

Hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Methods and Material:

All the subjects underwent a thorough clinical evaluation which included detailed history and a thorough physical examination. The daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The sleep quality (SQ) was evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Statistical Analysis Used:

Association between categorical variables was studied by Chi-square (χ2) test with continuity correction. All tests were two-tailed; a P value <0.05 was considered as significant.

Results:

During the period November 2019 to July 2020, 122 elderly subjects were studied; women (n = 70; 57.4%) outnumbered men. Only six (4.9%) patients presented with sleep-related complaints. Seven (5.7%) patients had an ESS score >10 suggestive of increased day time sleepiness. Sixty-four (52.5%) were labelled “bad sleepers” (PSQI >5). Compared with those with ≤3 comorbid conditions, a higher proportion of elderly with >3 comorbid conditions had significantly higher occurrence of poor sleep quality (PSQI >5) and daytime sleepiness (ESS >10). Increased daytime sleepiness (ESS >10) was significantly high in patients with osteoarthritis and cerebrovascular disease.

Conclusions:

Our observations suggest that a high proportion of elderly subjects who did not complain of sleep-related symptoms were found to have poor sleep quality. Therefore, incorporating SQ assessment as a part of routine geriatric assessment screening would be beneficial in early detection of this condition.
Changes in reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 with topical povidone iodine use: A single-arm open-label interventional study
Authors: Shankar Sumita , Jamir Limalemla , Kakkar Rakesh , Babji Korukonda , Mangayarkarasi V , Tripathi Mukesh , Tak Heena
Published: February 2022

Context:

Repurposed povidone iodine (PVP-I) has been suggested as an effective adjuvant against coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the changes in RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values of severe acute respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) genes with PVP-I intranasal and oral application.

Settings and Design:

A longitudinal (repeated measures) single-arm open-label interventional study was conducted for 200 samples of ten COVID-19 patients in South India.

Methods and Material:

Demographic and clinical information were collected. Intranasal application and oral gargle with 1% PVP-I solution was done four times a day for seven days. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples were taken for RT-PCR test at hour-0, hour-2, hour-4 on Day-0, Day-3, Day-6, and hour-0 on Day-9. Statistical Analysis Used: STATA analysis software version 14.2 was used. McNemar Test was applied for paired samples. Skilling Mack Test was used to assess the association between PVP-I use (intra-day and inter-day) and E gene/N gene Ct values. Pearson correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots were used for further analyses.

Results:

Mean (SD) age of the patients was 41.5 (±8.82) years. A total of 100 pairs of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples were analysed. No significant difference was observed in the Ct values of asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. E
gene Ct values (nasopharyngeal) at Hour-0 increased from Day-0 to Day-9 (P = 0.005). Ct value was higher at Hour-2 for most of the samples.

Conclusions:

RT‐PCR results (qualitative) differed at various testing points in the same patients. Lower Ct values were found in the nasopharyngeal samples. Successive increase in E gene Ct values indicates reduced viral load with natural course of COVID-19. PVP-I may have an optimal impact within 2 h of usage.

Clinical trial registration number:

CTRI/2020/05/024962.
Oral Impacts of Number of Natural Teeth and Posterior Occluding Pairs on Daily Performance of an Elderly Population
Authors: Nagpal Ruchi , Jaggi Amrita , Marya Charu Mohan , Taneja Pratibha , Kataria Sakshi , Oberoi Sukhwinder Singh
Published: February 2022

Background:

Globally, poor oral health among older people has been assessed in terms of high levels of tooth loss, dental caries experience, high prevalence rates of periodontal disease, xerostomia, and oral precancer/cancer.

Aim:

The aim of the study is to compare impacts of total number of natural teeth (NT) and posterior occluding pairs (POPs) present in the oral cavity on daily performances among elderly population.

Materials and Methods:

It was a cross-sectional study which included 300 subjects recruited through convenience sampling from a physiotherapy center. The included subjects were asked in a face-to-face interview about their demographic information (i.e., age and gender), tobacco habits (type and frequency), oral hygiene habits (frequency and material used), oral health-related quality of life, and various symptoms of xerostomia. Impacts on daily performances were measured by the use of oral impacts on daily performances index. Clinical examination was done to measure number of NT and POPs. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21, IBM Inc., and for inferential statistics, Mann–Whitney U-test and Chi-square tests were used. Level of statistical significance was set atP< 0.05.

Results:

The overall mean age of the study population was found to be 63.81 ± 4.50 with gender wise no statistically significant difference (males = 63.82 ± 4.13, females = 63.79 ± 4.94;P≤ 0.05). Overall, mean number of NT present in the study population was found to be 24.76 ± 7.21 with 25.90 ± 6.29 among males and 23.32 ± 8.03 among females. Mean number of NT present was significantly more among males as compared to females (Mann–Whitney U-test,P= 0.003).

Conclusion:

Number of NT and POPs were found to be the significant predictors of daily performances among elderly population.