bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Host Selectivity ofNerocila Orbignyi(Guerin-Meneville, 1832) (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) with a Record of a New Host from the Sea of Marmara (Turkey)
Authors: Öktener Ahmet , Trilles Jean Paul
Published: April 2021

Nerocila orbignyi(Isopoda, Cymothoidae) is reported for the first time onMugil cephalusLinnaeus, 1758 (Pisces, Mugilidae) from Bandırma Bay (the Sea of Marmara, Turkey) during 2020. This paper aims to present the morphological characters of male ofN. orbignyifrom Turkey. Hosts infested withN. orbignyiare commented according to taxonomical status (order, families), ecological behaviours (habitat selections, feeding habits, school-solitary), morphological characters (scale types) according to current records. It may be said thatN. orbignyihas been reported more frequently on fish belonging to the Perciformes order and Mugilidae and Sparidae families. It may also be said that this parasite selects also the fishes with carnivorous, demersal, schools, and migratory character.
Predation By the Nonnative Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss (Walbaum, 1792), on the Native Biota from Freshwater Environment of the Central Andes (Argentina)
Authors: Rios Juan Manuel
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to examine the impact of the nonnative rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss on the native biota that inhabits freshwater environments of the central Andes, Argentina. To assess the predation pressure on native Andean vertebrates and invertebrates, the stomach contents were taken from rainbow trout caught at three Andean sites. Results showed that the major prey items were the native torrent catfish Hatcheria macraei (100% in diet), Elmidae coleopterans (23%), and the native crab Aegla affinis (38%) in the rainbow trout stomachs collected from Cipolletti Dam (North zone), Yaucha River (Middle zone), and Vaina Stream (South zone), respectively. This preliminary study exhibits the predation pressure of the rainbow trout on native Andean species and suggests that policies are necessary to control the release of fry of this exotic salmonid in the Andes region.
How Does Pedestrian-Driver Behavior Influence in the Number of Crashes? A Michigan’s Case Study
Authors: Alhomaidat Fadi , Acosta-Rodriguez Lusanni
Published: April 2021

This study provides with a safety assessment of the pedestrian’s crash data in one of the largest cities of the state of Michigan, Grand Rapids. Crash data reviewed included a 9-year period between years 2010 and 2018. Crash clusters with largest number of accidents were selected to perform analysis based on the normalization of crash with population (using Census Bureau information). Geographic Information System (GIS) software was used to gather this data using a 250-feet buffer around the clusters. Also, GIS was used to identify the infrastructure design and locations nearby the studied area (e.g. schools and hospitals) to understand the crash environments. Observation of the associated factors with pedestrian crashes were studied at the location of interest. An analysis of all safety efforts was completed and a list of recommendations and possible implementation strategies (e.g. pedestrian countermeasures). Finally, it was found that four types of pedestrian crashes were most representative that crashes involved left-turning vehicle, crashes involved right-turn vehicle, crashed involved pedestrian in crosswalk and through traffic, and pedestrian were not cross at designated cross location
Intelligent Traffic Management: A Review of Challenges, Solutions, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Ravish Roopa , Swamy Shanta Ranga
Published: April 2021

Recent years have witnessed a colossal increase of vehicles on the roads; unfortunately, the infrastructure of roads and traffic systems has not kept pace with this growth, resulting in inefficient traffic management. Owing to this imbalance, traffic jams on roads, congestions, and pollution have shown a marked increase. The management of growing traffic is a major issue across the world. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have a great potential in offering solutions to such issues by using novel technologies. In this review, the ITS-based solutions for traffic management and control have been categorized as traffic data collection solutions, traffic management solutions, congestion avoidance solutions, and travel time prediction solutions. The solutions have been presented along with their underlying technologies, advantages, and drawbacks. First, important solutions for collecting traffic-related data and road conditions are discussed. Next, ITS solutions for the effective management of traffic are presented. Third, key strategies based on machine learning and computational intelligence for avoiding congestion are outlined.Fourth, important solutions for accurately predicting travel time are presented.Finally, avenues for future work in these areas are discussed.
Pola Rekrutmen Bacaleg Perempuan Partai Keadilan Sejahtera pada Pemilu 2019 di Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Aminah Aminah , Mulyani Sri , Ubaidullah Ubaidullah
Published: April 2021

Since the reform era, women in Indonesia have begun to be reconsidered in various aspects, including being a part of policymakers and political contestation. It can be seen from implementing affirmative action policies, which obliges every political party to include the national level management and legislative candidates for at least 30% women. The recruitment process for legislative candidates interesting to discuss because the candidates not only from party cadres but including non-cadres. Especially women candidates that sometimes had no basis and experiences in politics also recruited. This study aims to determine the Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) recruitment patterns in determining women's candidates for the 2019 general election in Banda Aceh City. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. This study concluded that PKS uses a candidate's recruitment pattern with an open and closed system with the Barber model and always pays attention to each candidate's motivation sources and opportunities. AbstrakSejak era reformasi, perempuan di Indonesia mulai dipertimbangkan kembali dalam berbagai aspek, termasuk menjadi pembuat kebijakan dan kontestasi politik. Hal ini terlihat dari penerapan kebijakan affirmative action yang mewajibkan setiap parpol untuk mengikutsertakan pengurus tingkat nasional dan calon legislatif minimal 30% perempuan. Proses rekrutmen calon legislatif menarik untuk dibahas karena calon tidak hanya dari kader partai tapi termasuk non kader. Apalagi calon perempuan yang terkadang tidak punya dasar dan pengalaman di bidang politik pun ikut direkrut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola rekrutmen Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) dalam penentuan calon perempuan pada pemilihan umum 2019 di Kota Banda Aceh. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa PKS menggunakan pola rekrutmen calon dengan sistem terbuka dan tertutup model Barber dan selalu memperhatikan sumber motivasi dan peluang masing-masing calon.
Transferência de biotecnologia
Authors: Fontes André C. R.
Published: April 2021

O artigo trata da transferência de Biotecnologia em um confronto com a transferência geral de tecnologia e do reconhecimento do regime das obrigações de meio e resultado nos contratos que tenham como objeto tecnologia a ser cedida.
As Lacunas e seus Respectivos Mecanismos Supletivos
Authors: Friede Reis
Published: April 2021

O ordenamento jurídico constituiu-se em um sistema de normas jurídicas, do que se infere que as normas em questão não se encontram dispostas isoladamente, mas se relacionam umas com as outras, formando um sistema provido dos atributos da unidade, coerência e completude. Por completude, segundo BOBBIO, “entende-se a propriedade pela qual um ordenamento jurídico tem uma norma para regular qualquer caso”. Por sua vez, a ausência de uma norma é tradicionalmente denominada de lacuna, problema que, nos termos da atual Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro, há de ser solucionado através dos mecanismos supletivos: analogia, costume e princípios gerais do Direito.
PENGARUH MEKANISME GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN PENGUNGKAPAN TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PRAKTIK MANAJEMEN LABA
Authors: Riyanto Agus , Adriani Ade , Norlena
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengukur pengaruh kepemilikan manajerial, komisaris independen, komite audit dan pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan terhadap praktik manajemen laba. Sampel data pada penelitian ini dipilih menggunakan nonprobability sampling method dengan teknik pengambilan sampel berupa purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh sebanyak 40 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) yang memenuhi kriteria. Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi logistik biner pada SPSS 22. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel kepemilikan manajerial berpengaruh negatif terhadap praktik manajemen laba. Variabel komisaris independen dan komite audit menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh terhadap praktik manajemen laba. Variabel pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan menunjukkan pengaruh positif terhadap praktik manajemen laba.

Kata Kunci: Kepemilikan Manajerial, Komisaris Independen, Komite Audit, Pengungkapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan, Praktik Manajemen Laba
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI DAN PEMBERDAYAAN SERTA MOTIVASI TERHADAP ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR DAN KINERJA DOSEN DI UNIVERSITAS WIDYAGAMA SAMARINDA
Authors: Ravi Eko Ravi Pratama , Ilmi Zainal , Irwansyah
Published: April 2021

Dalam penelitian ini melibatkan Dosen di Universitas Widyagama Samarinda. Dalam penelitian ini, untuk melihat kinerja Dosen tetap Universitas Widyagama Samarinda yang berjumlah 97 orang atau responden. Adapun analisis data yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah Structural Equation Model. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan analisis multivariate yang dijalankan melalui program SmartPLS. Analisis data melalui partial Least Square dilakukan melalui dua tahap, yaitu: Pertama, Menilai outer model atau model pengukuran. Kedua, Menilai Inner model atau model structural. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kompetensi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap organizational citizenship behavior. Pemberdayaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap organizational citizenship behavior. Motivasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap organizational citizenship behavior. Kompetensi berpengaruh negatif namun tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja dosen. Pemberdayaan berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja dosen. Motivasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja dosen. organizational citizenship behavior berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja dosen.

Kata Kunci: Kompetensi, Pemberdayaan, Motivasi, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Kinerja.
How Do the Better Educated Earn More? Evidence from Rural China
Authors: Feng Ying
Published: April 2021

The question of whether or how education affects income is a basic concern for economists and policy makers. The fact that education improves one's living perspectives is also a strong argument for undertaking substantial schooling investment in the developed and developing worlds. All these initiatives point to a more fundamental question: How do the better educated earn more? This study seeks to understand this question by drawing on the experience of policy reforms in rural China. In particular, I estimate the net profit function of rural households using China Household Income Project in 2002. I find strong support that education is rewarded through affecting households' allocation of labor and investments. It is estimated that an additional year of education is associated with 2.54 percent increase in net profits: 1.1 percent comes from better allocation of labor; 0.35 percent comes from better utilization of investment; 1.09 percent is due to the direct impact of education on earnings. The study has potentially important policy implications for completing China's economic reforms in that education is a crucial element. It also mirrors the experiences of other developing countries and shed light on how schooling should be financed: focusing on a few rather than universal provision may have a more profound impact on earnings.
The Queen’s Residence Energy Challenge
Authors: Adrangi Maryam
Published: April 2021

The Queen’s Residence Energy Challenge (QREC) is an energy conservation initiative taking place in the residence halls at Queen’s University coordinated by the AMS Sustainability Office and the Sustainability Coordinator for Student Affairs . It is a two-part competition. Part one of the competition is an interresidence competition in which each residence hall will be competing to reduce their energy expenditures. Energy use will be compared to the corresponding time in the previous year, and the residence that reduces their energy use by the highest percentage will win the competition. This part of the project is being organized by members of the AMS Sustainability Office and the Sustainability Coordinator (Office of Student Affairs), and Residence Life staff and floor dons are helping execute it. The second part of the competition is an inter-university pledge drive, in which residents will be encouraged to sign a pledge stating that they will be participating in the QREC. Queen’s will be competing against the Universities of Waterloo and Guelph, and the school that has the highest percentage of residents participating will win a set of solar panels as a symbol of energy conservation and renewable energy. This part of the project is being coordinated by the Sierra Youth Coalition who has obtained funding from the Ontario Power Authority. The goals of the QREC are to reduce overall energy use in the residences, help students living in residence learn about their own energy consumption and ways to reduce it, and create a culture of sustainability at Queen’s. In this presentation I will go through the overall timeline of executing and planning the project, provide examples of ways to reduce energy consumption in residence, and provide results of both parts of the competition.
The Canadian Response to China’s Rise
Authors: Dalik Graham
Published: April 2021

Since the establishment of diplomatic ties between Canada and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1970, Canada has been concerned both with upholding political principles and with the pursuit of economic goals in interactions with China. Dramatic changes associated with China’s transition from Soviet-style central planning to a new system of authoritarian capitalism have redefined the two aspects of the SinoCanadian relationship. It has been argued that Canada has been ineffective in formulating and pursuing a China policy during this period of transformation, failing to capitalize on the advantage of an early recognition of the PRC. For instance, in his book Pacific Challenge (1986), Eric Downton described Canada’s inattention to China as a “Pacific blind spot.” This research follows two methods to investigate whether this is in fact an accurate appraisal of Canada’s China policy past and present. Interviews conducted in China with Canadians engaged in business and public affairs are complemented by an extensive review of scholarly work. The findings suggest that Canada’s China policy has been constrained by the structure of the Canadian economy and by concerns over public opinion. In addition, Canada has adapted slowly to China’s transformation because of strong commitments to established economic and cultural ties to the United States and Europe
Inquiry into Extending the Life of Valve Rocker Arms in High Performance and Large Capacity Engine
Authors: Branker Kadra
Published: April 2021

Valve rocker arms in an engine aid in the timing of the valves. The valves control the air intake and gas exhaust from the cylinder chamber in the engine which affect the efficiency of the engine. Although the rockers are small and fairly inexpensive compared to other parts in the engine the disruption in the timing of the valves can have catastrophic consequences once they fail. Rockers experience considerable cyclic forces due to the repeated tapping on the valves, increasing with the revolutions of the engine. As a result rocker arms exhibit fatigue failure which is amplified by residual stresses that are induced during manufacture. The manufacturing methods employed in making the rockers influence material properties along with the chosen materials which require specific methods of preparation. Proposed solutions include better alloying using powder metallurgy and the use of other materials in the design, such as ceramics, to improve their resilience and strength. The types of testing methods to determine the best solution and other possible areas of consideration, when solving the problem, will also be acknowledged. This presentation will illustrate how inquiry based learning can be used to solve the problem. It will address why valve rocker arms fail while assessing past and present research geared towards finding a solution, with emphasis on the manufacturing methods and material properties
Multi-Joint Movement Coordination in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Peiris Dilmini
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine how human subjects with central nervous system injury resulting from prenatal exposure to alcohol coordinate multi-joint movements involving the shoulder and elbow joints. The study focuses on children and young adults (1) with a diagnosis of a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), which is an umbrella term used to define Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder, and Alcohol Related Birth Defects; and (2) age- and gender-matched control subjects. The subjects are given a series of simple coordination tasks to perform, on a robot exoskeleton called the KINARM and the experimental data collected by the soft ware will be analyzed in great detail. The overall goal of this research project is to determine, whether motor movements and control of the limbs can be used as a potential diagnostic and research tool in children with developmental disorders.
3-D Visualization of Municipal Regeneration using ArcScene
Authors: Fedrigo Melissa
Published: April 2021

This presentation illustrates the use of ArcScene as a 3-D visualization tool in the context of prospective changes to the physical environment of a small municipal community. Before large-scale regeneration is agreed on or fully implemented in a municipality, there is an emphasis on the appearance of the area of interest over the course of the implementation. This presentation will discuss the benefits and limitations of 3D visualization for pre-construction, during, and post-construction presentation to municipal residents, members of council and impacted business owners.
Adapting to College Life After Military Service
Authors: Vicente M. Lechuga  , Tearney Woodruff  , Vassa Grichko  , Kevin Bazner
Published: April 2021

This study explores how student veterans draw on principles of self-determination theory, focusing on the learning processes shaping their abilities to adapt to new environments, namely college. By developing intrinsic motivation, student veterans successfully embrace their college student identities. Using a case study method along with self-determination theory, this study demonstrates how characteristics of intrinsic motivation assisted student veterans to shape their development as college students. As such, student veterans were enabled to become self-determined, which fostered their transition to the college environment. Implications for higher education practitioners and counselors are discussed.
Lithochemical features of Vendian clay rocks of the Shkapovo-Shikhan depression: In search of camouflage pyroclastics
Authors: Maslov A. V.
Published: April 2021

Research subject. Vendian clay rocks of the Shkapovo-Shikhan depression, which is situated in the east of the Volga-Ural region, and volcanic tuffs present among the Vendian deposits (Sylvitsa and Asha groups) on the western slope of the Middle and South Urals.

Material and methods. The research was conducted using data on the content of the main rock-forming oxides in about 70 samples of clay rocks and volcanic tuffs. On this basis, a number of indicator ratios (lithochemical modules) were calculated. These calculated values, as well as the contents of some rock-forming oxides, were compared with both the available data on volcanic tuffs and literature threshold values, which differentiate “ordinary sedimentary rocks” from those presumably comprising camouflage pyroclastics.

Results. It is impossible to draw any definite conclusion regarding the presence of camouflage pyroclastics in the clay rocks of the Staropetrovo, Salikhovo and Karlin formations of the Shkapovo-Shikhan depression based exclusively on lithochemical studies. It seems that the investigated samples either contain no camouflage pyroclastics, or its amount is rather small.

Conclusions. In order to reliably establish the presence of camouflage pyroclastics in the Vendian deposits of the Shkapovo-Shikhan depression, research into the bulk chemical composition of clay rocks should be continued both on a more representative sample collection and using geochemical methods.
Native gold in the weathering crust of the Nizhneselemdzhinsky gold-bearing node (Amur region)
Authors: Kuznetsova I. V. , Safronov P. P.
Published: April 2021

Research subject. The weathering crust of Proterozoic slates in the Neklya River basin and Paleozoic granites in the Nizh- neselemdzhinsky gold-bearing node (NGBN) in the Tatarka River basin.

Methods. The research was carried out using the methods of atomic absorption, X-ray fluorescent and mineralogical analysis of rocks and minerals. The method of raster electron microscopy was used to study the element structure, morphological and microstructural features of minerals.

Results. Specific features of native gold from the weathering crust of NGBK were defined. It was established that the NGBN weathering crust contains both hypogene gold, partially changed in the course of hypergenesis, and neogenic gold. A considerable share of gold is of high purity (1000%o). Occasionally, gold in the form of complex accretions from grains of different morphology and structure is present. A specific feature of weathering crust gold is its interpenetrations within the rock matrix of a varying mineral structure. Gold-bearing carbonaceous structures in the form of films and outgrowths on gold grains were revealed; the presence of carbon in rock components associating with the noble metal was defined. In the crust, the participation of carbon in physicochemical processes was established, as a result of which the release of Au, encapsulated in minerals-concentrators, and its redeposition on geochemical barriers occur. Gold nanoparticles can be long-acting growth centres in the host rocks, first coalescing with each other to yield nanoformations, then microforms, etc. In the weathering crust of gold deposits, both the transformation of the hypogenic noble metal and the formation of its new forms occur.

Conclusion. This work contributes to the expansion of the mineral resource base of gold in the Amur Region, including through such unconventional sources as the NGBN weathering crust.
Thermal evolution of the Earth's core during its formation taking into account heat release from the short-lived radioisotopes 26Al and 60Fe
Authors: Antipin A. N. , Mindubaev M. G.
Published: April 2021

Research subject.Based on the two-stage mechanism of the Earth's heterogeneous accumulation, previously proposed by V.N. Anfilogov and Yu.V. Khachay, the thermal evolution of the core during its formation was studied. Account is taken of both the heat release from26Al, the content of which was established with a fairly reliable accuracy, and that from60Fe.

Materials and methods. The methods of mathematical modelling were used. Calculations were carried out for three estimates of the fractional content of the radioisotope60Fe to stable56Fe at the time of CAI formation (Ca-Al-In- clusions, calcium- and aluminium-rich inclusions found in carbonaceous chondrites) based on the results of various authors.

Results.As a result of numerical experiments, variants of the temperature and melting temperature distributions at different stages of the core formation for different60Fe/56Fe ratios were obtained.

Conclusions.The results show that the central region of the forming core can remain melted even by the end of its accumulation. As a consequence, in this region for this time, the conditions for free thermal convection and, accordingly, for the implementation of the MHD dynamo mechanism remain.
BİR AİLE SAĞLIĞI MERKEZİNE KAYITLI 5-14 YAŞ ARASI ÇOCUKLARDA ENÜREZİS NOKTÜRNA SIKLIĞI VE İLİŞKİLİ FAKTÖRLER
Authors: BABA Özcan , ÖNER Can , ÇETİN Hüseyin , ŞİMŞEK Engin Ersin
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Şehir Hastanesi Tuzla Eğitim Aile Sağlığı Merkezine kayıtlı 5-14 yaş grubu çocuklarda noktürnal enürezisin prevelansını ve noktürnal enürezisi etkileyen faktörleri tespit etmektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada, Eylül-Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Şehir Hastanesi Tuzla Eğitim Aile Sağlığı Merkezine kayıtlı 5-14 yaş arası çocukların ebeveynlerine yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle anket formu uygulanmıştır. Anket formu sosyodemografik özelliklerin sorgulandığı kısım ve enürezis tanısında ölçüt olarak kullandığımız DSM V kriterlerine göre oluşturulmuş sorgulama formu olmak üzere 2 kısımdan oluşturulmuştur. Bu şekilde toplam 186 aileye anket uygulanmıştır. P değeri 0.05 anlamlı kabul edilmiştir.Bulgular: Çalışma sonucunda noktürnal enürezis sıklığı %11.8 (n=22) olarak bulundu. Enürezis noktürna sıklığını aile öyküsünün 4.2 kat, 7 yaş ve altında olmanın 3.1 kat artırdığı; babanın çalışmasının ise 0.18 kat azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Öte yandan enürezis noktürnası olan çocukların %22.7’sinin sekonder enürezisi olduğu ve 13.6’sına enkopresizin eşlik ettiği belirlenmiştir. Enürezis için tedavi alan çocuk oranının %27.3’te kaldığı görülmüştür.Sonuç: Çalışma bölgesinde noktürnal enürezis prevalansı ülkemizde yapılan çalışmalarla benzer oranlarda görülmüş olup, aile öyküsü, yaş ve ailenin sosyoekonomik durumunun, noktürnal enürezis ile ilişkili olduğunu görülmüştür. Ailelerin enürezis nedeniyle doktora başvuru sayıları da düşük bulunmuştur.
THE EFFECT OF SURGICAL TECHNIQUE ON DUODENOGASTRIC REFLUX AFTER CHOLECYSTECTOMY
Authors: PİRHAN Yavuz , TAŞOVA Volkan
Published: April 2021

Objective: It is stated in the literature that some patients have dyspeptic complaints after months from cholecystectomy. The reason for this situation has not been established. It is more often attributed to the bile leakage from the duodenum to the stomach. Therefore, in our study we investigated whether the surgical technique applied during cholecystectomy caused postoperative duodenogastric reflux. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of Calot's triangle dissection type (high dissection, low dissection) on post-operative duodenogastric reflux due to Oddi’s sphincter dysfunction during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Material and Methods: In the study, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in two groups. One day before cholecystectomy, all patients underwent gastroscopy. During cholecystectomy, dissection of gallbladder was carried out close to the gallbladder in the first group (high dissection), while dissection was carried out close to ductus choledochus in the second group (low dissection). Two months after the operation, all patients were called back and gastroscopy was performed. Whether there was bile reflux from pylorus to the stomach was checked.Results: Of the patients, 78.3% were female and 21.7% were male. The average age was 51.5 years (min-max: 25-76 years). Most of the patients (n:19, 31.7%) were in the 4th decade. Post-operative bile reflux was detected in 25 (41.7%) of all patients. Duodenogastric reflux was detected in 6 patients in group 1 and 19 patients in group 2. While there was a statistically significant relationship between the occurrence of postoperative reflux and dissection type, age, ASA score and presence of diabetes, no relationship was found with gender.Conclusion: If less duodenogastric reflux is desired after cholestectomy, we recommend dissection rather close to the gallbladder during cholecystectomy.
Dimorfismo sexual de Zophobas morio (Fabricius, 1776) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) en las etapas de pupa y de adulto
Authors: Mondragón Irene
Published: April 2021

Zophobas morio, es un Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, de color negro opaco, robusto y de rápido desplazamiento.  Son sus larvas y no  los adultos, quienes resultan muy útiles en la alimentación de  animales como peces, arañas, aves, reptiles, escorpiones, anfibios y mamíferos, por su alto contenido de proteínas. Este es uno de los motivos que justifica su importancia  e  incentiva su cría con fines comerciales y de experimentación. En varios ensayos con este insecto, es necesario formar parejas de macho y hembra, lo que puede hacerse  tanto en la etapa de pupa como en la de adulto.  Este trabajo tiene como finalidad mostrar por medio de imágenes, el dimorfismo sexual de  Z. morio tanto en la etapa de  pupa, como en la adulta, con ejemplares vivos y muertos. Los adultos muertos fueron clarificados en KOH al 10% para facilitar su observación.  Las imágenes son fotografías de tipo descriptivas  y por el enfoque didáctico de la investigación, se elaboraron  dos mapas conceptuales para resumir por pasos el trabajo realizado e incentivar la repetibilidad.  Las fotografías de  pupas  y adultos  se realizaron con  un microscopio estereoscópico Wild M7A y una cámara digital Panasonic Lumix, DMC-ZS20.  Se obtuvo como resultado de las observaciones, una diferencia notable en la forma de las papilas genitales de la  pupa hembra,  con respecto a las del   macho. Igualmente al comparar el borde de la región   frontoclipeal del adulto macho con el de la hembra, se evidenció claramente el dimorfismo sexual.  La metodología utilizada fue bastante acertada para sexar al insecto en dos  fases de su ciclo biológico. Así, además de las claves taxonómicas existentes, este trabajo es un apoyo fotográfico y didáctico de utilidad en la identificación de la especie.
Conservación de las propiedades nutraceúticas del Aloe Vera (Aloe Barbadensis Miller), mediante técnicas de secado
Authors: Artunduaga Antury Kerly Lorena , Vargas Rojas Diego Andrés , Barrera Bermeo Óscar Mauricio
Published: April 2021

Se realizó el análisis de las aplicaciones y técnicas de secado para la obtención de polvo de aloe vera, usado en la elaboración de productos alimentarios, farmacéuticos y cosméticos. Para lo anterior, se tuvo en cuenta las técnicas existentes y aquellas que permiten la mayor conservación de sus propiedades nutracéuticas y funcionales para la elaboración de éstos productos, garantizando inocuidad y seguridad para el consumidor. Se realizó una descripción respecto al funcionamiento y algunas pautas de los equipos, seleccionando el método de deshidratación más adecuado para producir un producto de alta calidad. Para el desarrollo de éste, se consultaron las principales bases de datos como Science Direct, EBSCO, Springer Journals, Scopus, ProQuest Central, Redalyc, Wiley Online Library entre otras. Se determinó, que las técnicas que permite la mayor conservación de las propiedades del aloe vera fueron: secado por aspersión, liofilización y ventana refractante, debido a las bajas temperaturas usadas, la cual evita la degradación de sus componentes (dada a la alta sensibilidad del gel a temperaturas superiores a 50°C). En cuanto a costos y tiempo de operación, el secado por aspersión es la tecnología que presenta mayores beneficios.
Holding teachers accountable: An old-fashioned, dry, and boring perspective
Authors:   Psychology Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001, USA, Trafimow David
Published: April 2021

Few would disagree with the desirability to hold teachers accountable, but student evaluations of teaching and department head evaluations of teaching fail to do the job validly. Although this may be due, in part, to difficulties conceptualizing teaching effectiveness and student learning, it also is due to insufficient attention to measurement reliability. Measurement reliability sets an upper bound on measurement validity, thereby guaranteeing that unreliable measures of teaching effectiveness are invalid too. In turn, for measures of teaching effectiveness to be reliable, the items in the measure must correlate well with each other, there must be many items, or both. Unfortunately, at most universities, those who are tasked with teaching assessment do not understand the basics of psychometrics, thereby rendering their assessments of teachers invalid. To ameliorate unsatisfactory assessment procedures, the present article addresses the relationship between reliability and validity, some requirements of reliable and valid measures, and the psychometric implications for current teaching assessment practices.
Zarys problemu cierpienia i bólu w praktyce lekarza rodzinnego. Wybrane aspekty medyczne i humanistyczne również w kontekście pandemii koronawirusa SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Jarząbek-Bielecka Grażyna , Madziar Klaudyna , Bojanowska Katarzyna , Kędzia Witold , Plagens-Rotman Katarzyna , Bielecki Marek , Jarząbek Antoni
Published: April 2021

Selected aspects related to the holistic approach to the problem of pain and suffering in GP practice are presented. Medicine is a limitless source for philosophical reflections – the issue of suffering and pain has always appeared here. COVID-19 is a new, highly contagious disease that causes modern men’s suffering. The forms of the disease and treatment methods are briefly described. Reflections of the contemporary world together with the unpleasant experience of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic prompts humanistic searches. The experience of medicine, including family medicine, also in the very modern context of the coronavirus pandemic, shows that focusing on family physician practice only on the sphere of somatosis is absolutely insufficient.
Interdisciplinary (surgical and orthodontic) treatment in a patient with compound odontoma associated with impacted permanent lateral incisor of the mandible – a case report
Authors: Karolak Diana , Lange Joanna
Published: April 2021

Impacted teeth are one of the reasons for orthodontic appointments. Two conditions must be met for the tooth to be considered impacted, i.e. a fully developed tooth that has not erupted on time. The presence of an odontoma in the maxillary bone when the impacted teeth are observed is a particular situation. We present a case of a patient with a compound odontoma located in the anterior part of the mandible and associated with an impacted right lateral incisor, who received interdisciplinary (surgical and orthodontic) treatment. The aim of the study was to present the advances in interdisciplinary (surgical and orthodontic) treatment of the compound odontoma associated with the impacted permanent lateral incisor of the mandible and a review of relevant literature. A literature review covering years 1990-2016 was performed. Medical databases, such as PubMed and Medline, were used. The following keywords were used: “impacted tooth”, “odontoma”, “orthodontic treatment”. Additionally, a manual search of specialist literature on orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery was conducted. Written consent from the subject/subject’s parents/subject’s legal guardians was obtained. Polish- and English-language publications were included. Early diagnosis of odontoma enables less complicated and less expensive treatment. The treatment plan should be tailored to each patient. More research is needed on predicting the behaviour of impacted teeth related to odontomas.
Comparison of radiological dental age estimation by means of the method by Cameriere and the modified European formula
Authors: Różyło Katarzyna , Gruszka Katarzyna , Różyło-Kalinowska Ingrid
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Dental age apart from skeletal age is an important factor in the estimation of biological age of patients. Its evaluation is crucial in making decisions concerning diagnostic algorithms and treatment options in such fields of medicine as paedodontics, conservative dentistry, orthodontics, paediatrics or endocrinology as well as for forensic purposes. There are various methods of radiological dental age estimation and their validity is related to the studied population. Aim. The aim of the paper is to estimate dental age by means of two radiological methods based on panoramic radiographs, i.e. the original method by Cameriere and the modified European formula. Material and methods. The material consisted of 2148 digital radiographs taken in patients of both genders, aged from 5 to 15 years, with visible germs of all permanent teeth, apart from third molars. Two methods by Cameriere were applied – the original one and the European formula. Statistical analysis was performed. Results. Dental age obtained by means of the two Cameriere’s methods was significantly different from chronological age (Wilcoxon’s test, p < 0.001). However, in the case of the original method the mean dental age was lower than the chronological one, while the European formula led to the overestimation of dental age. Conclusions. The European formula is more suitable for the evaluation of the Polish population than the original method by Cameriere.
The role of proper maternal nutrition during pregnancy for caries prevention in both mother and child. Opinion of the working group of the Polish Alliance for a Cavity-Free Future on dental prophylaxis in pregnant women
Authors: Chałas Renata , Kobylińska Angelika , Kukurba-Setkowicz Magdalena , Szulik Anna , Pels Elżbieta
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Proper nutrition in pregnancy has effects on the health and well-being of the mother as well as is a key factor responsible for foetal growth and development, which are initiated at conception and last throughout pregnancy. Aim. The aim of the paper was to present relevant data on the role of prenatal maternal nutrition for caries prevention in both mother and child. Material and methods. Pubmed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, guidelines of dental associations and World Health Organization were searched using the following keywords: “diet”, “dentition”, “pregnancy”, “oral health in pregnancy”. Results. The diet of a pregnant woman should be well-balanced and rich in proteins, calcium, phosphorus, fluorine and vitamins (A, C and D). Women should avoid sneaks between meals or at night to avoid dental plaque accumulation and oral pH decrease. Balanced nutrition influences the development of future nutritional habits of the child as taste receptors begin to develop already at month 4 of pregnancy. High maternal consumption of confectionery in this period may in the future increase the child’s tendency to consume sweet food products. Conclusions. There is a need to intensify dental prophylaxis among pregnant women through introduction and promotion of proper nutrition in dental offices, up-dating teaching programs for dental hygienists and education in birth schools.
Prosthetic treatment of adolescents with craniomaxillofacial fibrous dysplasia
Authors: Wojtyńska Elżbieta , Łabędzka Magdalena , Bączkowski Bohdan , Mierzwińska-Nastalska Elżbieta
Published: April 2021

Craniomaxillofacial fibrous dysplasia may cause structural anomalies in the facial part of the skull, leading to anatomical and functional abnormalities in the stomatognathic system, requiring multi-disciplinary treatment. Depending on the location of dysplastic lesions, stage and course of the disease, each patient presents with a specific picture of the disorder and requires an individual therapeutic approach. Prosthetic treatment of patients at developmental age requires regular check-ups and frequent corrections or replacement of prosthetic restorations. This is particularly important in patients whose prosthetic field is deformed in such disorders as fibrous dysplasia or following numerous surgical procedures. The effectiveness of therapeutic procedures, which in such cases must be multidisciplinary, depends mainly on the commitment and cooperation of the patient and their carers. We present difficulties in the prosthetic rehabilitation of maxillofacial dysplasia based on the example of a patient diagnosed with fibrous dysplasia, severe oligodontia multiorgan congenital malformations, and a history of numerous surgical procedures within the stomatognathic system.
Opiekun dziecka jako sprawca urazu nieprzypadkowego w obrębie uzębienia. Część I. Identyfikacja zjawiska w aspekcie środowiskowym
Authors: Godowska Beata , Zemlik Joanna
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The problem of non-accidental injury has long been analyzed as a public health problem generating high social and economic costs. Aim. The aim of the study is to present views on the etiology of occurrence of the phenomenon of child abuse and its identification in order to take effective interventions interrupting the phenomenon of improper handling of a child. Material and methods. The publications in the PubMed scientific database were reviewed by applying the search criteria for the following keywords in Polish and English: “non-accidental injuries”, “children and adolescents”, “child abuse”, “identification of the phenomenon”, “perpetrator’s psychological profile”, “improper handling of the child”, “social and economic costs”, “public health”. Results. Medical community plays an important role in diagnosing non-accidental injuries. For a dental team, that may be dealing with physical violence injuries, correctly taken medical history and compliance of information provided by the child’s caregiver with visible head and neck post-traumatic injuries is the key factor to differentiate the origins of the trauma. By recognising the multifaceted risk factors in regards to child abuse (resulting due to the environment, the structure of the family, the life situation of the parent or directly related to the child), medical team will be required to intervene to stop child abuse. Conclusions. The authors of studies from various countries agree that despite many publications on the occurrence of the phenomenon of improper handling of a child, there is a need to constantly work on the competences of professionals in the child’s environment – including the dental environment, which can and should effectively respond to violence against children.
Employment for Persons with Disabilities in Thailand: Opportunities and Challenges in the Labor Market
Authors:   Ratchasuda College, Mahidol University, Thailand, Cheausuwantavee Tavee , Keeratiphanthawong Sakulthip ,   NISECorp S.E. Co. Ltd., Thailand
Published: April 2021

This mixed-methods study aimed to examine the current situation of the enforcement of laws for the employment of persons with disabilities (PWDs), and the difference in perspectives between PWDs and employers in Thailand. Results showed that there were only 8% of PWDs employed in competitive labor markets. The most relevant jobs from the employer’s perspectives for PWDs were unskilled labor. The majority of PWDs sought to be employed with essential support, including housing and transportation, in the mainstream open labor market. At the same time, employers were usually more concerned about particular approaches and accessible working environments for PWDs. Thus, this perspective gap was one reason for the low rate of employment of PWDs. In sum, there have been many challenges for the employment of PWDs in Thailand. Ways to improve career development for PWDs include the provision of suitable education and training, housing or dormitories located near workplaces, assistive technologies and reasonable accommodations in workplaces, and customized employment services for employed PWDs. Furthermore, positive attitudes, understanding, and collaboration between employers and PWDs should continuously be promoted.
Assault on the Public Good
Authors: Motala Enver
Published: April 2021

Commentary
Perfil das intoxicações exógenas notificadas em hospitais públicos
Authors: Moraes João Vitor Cardoso , Martins Larissa Silva , Coelho Letícia Maria Machado , Lima Maria Tereza Duca Dantas , E Moura Sabrina Viscondi Lopes , Prieto Vitória Caroline , Araújo Ivana , Silva Roberta Bessa Veloso , Santos Gérsika Bitencourt
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Identificar as principais características das intoxicações exógenas em pacientes atendidos em hospitais públicos. Métodos: Foram colhidos dados a partir do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN/SES/MG), que revelaram o tipo e a incidência dos casos durante os anos de 2018 e 2019. As variáveis investigadas foram: exposição ao agente tóxico no ambiente de trabalho, evolução clínica do estado de intoxicação, agente tóxico utilizado, tipo de exposição pelo agente tóxico, circunstância em que o agente tóxico foi utilizado e faixa etária acometida pela intoxicação. Resultados: Dentre os tipos de envenenamento, é predominante a intoxicação aguda-única (79), aguda-repetida (25), casos ignorados/não preenchidos nos prontuários (10) e um caso isolado de intoxicação crônica (1). As circunstâncias analisadas e suas incidências: uso habitual (4), ignorado e não preenchido no relatório (3), uso habitual (7), acidental (9), erro de administração (1), ingestão de alimento contaminado (2), tentativa de autoextermínio (90), violência/homicídio (2), entre outras circunstâncias (1), com um total de 115 notificações. Considerações finais: Em geral, o envenenamento é agudo-único, decorrente de tentativa de autoextermínio. Demonstra-se a importância de novas pesquisas, para que o profissional de saúde consiga intervir no diagnóstico e também no tratamento adequado, criando políticas públicas efetivas.
Perfil espacial e demográfico da Hanseníase no norte do país, no período de 2014 a 2019
Authors: Oliveira Débora de Jesus Sizo , Palmeira Adrielle Barbosa , Chaves Elem Cristina Rodrigues , Santos Brendol Phelipe Silva dos , Júnior Kleber das Neves Trindade , Oliveira Beatriz Fernanda Fernandes de , Ferreira Sâmia Carolina Costa , Rosário Wailla Novaes do , Sousa Victória Gabriella Dias de , Mendonça Maria Helena Rodrigues de
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Traçar distribuição espacial e demográfica da Hanseníase na região Norte do Brasil, no período de 2014-2019. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo e quali-quantitativa da distribuição da doença. Resultado: Foram registrados 32.618 casos de hanseníase na Região Norte, com maior frequência no Pará (50,8%), em indivíduos masculinos (59%), na faixa de 30-50 anos (53,5%) e baixa escolaridade (46,2%). Referente ao esgotamento sanitário, 85,7% dos estados do Norte estão abaixo do esperado (8,02%-33,91%) e, considerando os municípios atendidos, Amazonas (6,5%), Pará (9%) e Acre (9,1%) expõem menores resultados. Isoladamente aos municípios do Pará, considerando cidades com maiores taxas de incidência, destacam-se Tailândia (64,2%), Altamira (61,6%) e Parauapebas (60%), sendo Tailândia com menor cobertura de equipes Saúde da Família (28,4%); e, menor incidência, Santarém (15,1%), Bragança (15,9%) e Belém (17,6%). Conclusão: Boa cobertura da eSF resulta no controle da transmissão da doença, logo, a importância do desenvolvimento de políticas de saúde para estados e municípios com maior vulnerabilidade, visando a melhor assistência em saúde.