bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of pubic symphysis stiffness on pelvic load distribution during single leg stance
Authors: Ricci Pierre‐Louis , Maas Stefan , Gerich Torsten , Kelm Jens
Published: February 2020

This study focuses on the influence of the softening and stiffening of pubic symphysis on the load distribution within the bones of the pelvic ring under the physiological loadings of the single leg stance. Muscle forces and joint reaction forces were first determined by inverse dynamics and applied to a linear finite element model of the pelvis. With normal pubic symphysis stiffness, high Von Mises stresses are located on the anterior surface to the sacrum around the sacroiliac joint and on the superior ramus, both on the side of the weight‐bearing leg. Softening of the pubic symphysis redirects the load backward, decreases the stresses at the anterior pelvis, and increases them at the posterior pelvis. A stiffening of the pubic symphysis redirects the load forward, increases the load on the posterior pelvis, and decreases them at the anterior pelvis. This investigation highlights the significance of the pubic symphysis on the load distribution of the pelvis and in maintaining the integrity of the structures. Its role should not be neglected when analyzing the pelvis.
Patterns of genetic diversity and potential ecological niches of Stylosanthes species from northeastern Argentina
Authors: Silvestri M. C. , Acuña C. A. , Moreno E. M. S. , Garcia A. V. , Vanni R.O. , Lavia G.I.
Published: February 2020

The Stylosanthes genus is native to Central and South America and contains several of the most important tropical legumes used for forage. The southernmost natural distribution of the genus includes the northeast of Argentina, a subtropical region where several phytogeographic provinces and ecoregions converge, giving rise to particular environmental conditions. Here, we used inter‐simple sequence repeat markers to evaluate the genetic diversity and genetic structure of four and eight natural populations from northeast of Argentina of Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. and S. hippocampoides Mohlenbr., respectively. We also modeled the potential ecological niches to obtain environmental information regarding new collection areas and future crop areas. High genetic diversity and specific bands were found for both species. The summary statistics were relatively higher for S. guianensis than for S. hippocampoides. In both species, more genetic diversity was present among populations than within them, and correlation between genetic and geographic distances was observed. Populations were grouped according to their respective species, and their geographical source. The results suggest that collecting a few individuals from a large number of different sites would be an appropriate method for conserving the diversity of these species, with emphasis on those areas with the highest levels of genetic diversity. The modeling of ecological niches suggested mean temperature of the coldest quarter as the most important bioclimatic variable influencing S. guianensis distribution, and temperature seasonality as the variable influencing S. hippocampoides distribution, and showed new potential areas for future collections and as potential crop areas of the species.
Sézary syndrome and mycosis fungoides flow cytometric evaluation: The clinicians' perspective
Authors: Guitart Joan
Published: February 2020

Flow cytometry of peripheral blood has become the standard tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of Sézary syndrome. However, there is a sense of frustration among dermatologists and oncologist regarding the challenges in interpreting vague flow cytometry (FC) reports, which often include an array of numbers and percentages that are difficult to interpret and fail to elucidate quantitatively or qualitatively the presence or absence of an abnormal T cell population. From the clinicians' perspective, a report of the flow cytometric evaluation for Sézary syndrome should include the following items: presence or absence of abnormal T‐cells, phenotype of abnormal cells, and quantity of abnormal cells to disease burden and for staging.
Different β‐cell secretory phenotype in non‐obese compared to obese early type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gudipaty Lalitha , Rosenfeld Nora K. , Fuller Carissa S. , Cuchel Marina , Rickels Michael R.
Published: February 2020

Background

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by impaired tissue sensitivity to insulin action (ie, insulin resistance) and impaired β‐cell insulin secretion. Because obesity contributes importantly to the development of insulin resistance, we sought to determine whether insulin secretory defects would predominate in non‐obese compared to obese T2D.

Methods

We measured β‐cell function and secretory capacity using the glucose‐potentiated arginine test in T2D subjects early in the disease course classified as non‐obese (BMI <30; n = 12) or obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2; n = 28) and additionally compared responses from non‐obese T2D with a non‐diabetic control group (n = 12).

Results

The acute insulin response to glucose potentiation of arginine‐induced insulin release was less in non‐obese T2D than in controls and associated with impaired β‐cell sensitivity to glucose (PG50). Proinsulin secretory ratios were increased in non‐obese T2D when compared to obese T2D. Obese T2D subjects had reduced insulin sensitivity (M/I) while non‐obese T2D subjects had insulin sensitivity that was comparable to controls.

Conclusions

In non‐obese T2D, insulin secretory defects predominate with impaired β‐cell sensitivity to glucose and proinsulin processing in the absence of insulin resistance. Future studies should consider whether different β‐cell secretory phenotypes and tissue sensitivity to insulin explain the varying responsiveness to T2D interventions.
Are migratory waterfowl vectors of seagrass pathogens?
Authors: Menning Damian Michael , Ward David Hume , Wyllie‐Echeverria Sandy , Sage George Kevin , Gravley Megan Cathleen , Gravley Hunter Alexander , Talbot Sandra Looman
Published: February 2020

Migratory waterfowl vector plant seeds and other tissues, but little attention has focused on the potential of avian vectoring of plant pathogens. Extensive meadows of eelgrass (Zostera marina) in southwest Alaska support hundreds of thousands of waterfowl during fall migration and may be susceptible to plant pathogens. We recovered DNA of organisms pathogenic to eelgrass from environmental samples and in the cloacal contents of eight of nine waterfowl species that annually migrate along the Pacific coast of North America and Asia. Coupled with a signal of asymmetrical gene flow of eelgrass running counter to that expected from oceanic and coastal currents between Large Marine Ecosystems, this evidence suggests waterfowl are vectors of eelgrass pathogens.
Total physical activity and risk of chronic low back and knee pain in middle‐aged and elderly Japanese people: The Murakami cohort study
Authors: Solovev Aleksandr , Watanabe Yumi , Kitamura Kaori , Takahashi Akemi , Kobayashi Ryosaku , Saito Toshiko , Takachi Ribeka , Kabasawa Keiko , Oshiki Rieko , Platonova Kseniia , Tsugane Shoichiro , Iki Masayuki , Sasaki Ayako , Yamazaki Osamu , Watanabe Kei , Nakamura Kazutoshi
Published: February 2020

Background

Specific components of physical activity, such as vigorous exercise and heavy occupational work, are known to increase the risk of chronic low back pain (CLBP) and chronic knee pain (CKP), but impacts of other components are less known. This study aimed to assess the relationship between total physical activity and risk of CLBP and CKP from a public health perspective.

Methods

Participants were 7,565 individuals, aged 40–74 years, who did not have CLBP or CKP, and who participated in the 5‐year follow‐up survey. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographics, body size and lifestyle (including physical activity) in the baseline survey in 2011–2013, and on CLBP and CKP using Short Form 36 (SF‐36) in the follow‐up survey. Sitting, standing, walking and strenuous work for occupational activity were assessed for total physical activity, and walking slowly, walking quickly, light to moderate exercise and strenuous exercise were assessed for leisure‐time physical activity using metabolic equivalent hours/day (METs score).

Results

Mean age of participants was 60.1 years (SD, 8.8). Participants with higher METs scores had a significantly higher risk of CKP (p for trend = 0.0089, OR of 4th quartile = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.04–1.59 vs. 1st quartile), but not CLBP. An intermediate leisure‐time METs score was associated with a lower risk of CLBP (OR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.61–0.92 vs. 0 METs‐group).

Conclusions

A high level of total physical activity may increase the risk of CKP, whereas an intermediate level of leisure‐time physical activity may decrease the risk of CLBP, in middle‐aged and elderly individuals.

Significance

Evidence on the longitudinal association between total physical activity and CLBP and CKP in middle‐aged and elderly people is lacking. We conducted a cohort study to assess this association, and found that high levels of total physical activity increased risk of CKP, and intermediate levels of leisure‐time physical activity decreased risk of CLBP. This suggests that the effect of physical activity on chronic pain differed by pain site.
Three‐in‐One Process to Enhance the Oxygen Evolution Activity of Tungstates: Phase Transformation, Ordered Mesoporous Structure, and Cations Synergistic Effect
Authors: Wang Tianlei , Liu Meitang , Ma Hongwen
Published: February 2020

Engineering compositions and structures is the tactic for optimizing electrocatalytic properties in nanomaterials. High‐ordered mesoporous monometallic or bimetallic tungstates are first synthesized via a soft template method combined with pH regulation of the reaction solution. The addition of buffer solution not only changes the phase composition but also adjusts the hydrolysis and condensation rate to promote the formation of a mesoporous structure with the help of the template. Mesoporous cobalt‐doped iron tungstates deliver 320 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 52 mV dec−1, due to transformation of phase, the existence of a mesoporous structure, and the synergistic effect of metallic cations. Herein, it is confirmed that the simplicity and feasibility of rational structure design and purposive phase regulation provide vast opportunities and strategies for the research of novel oxygen evolution catalysts.
Controlled Atomic Layer Deposition of Aluminum Oxide to Improve the Performance of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: García Sarai , Leonet Olatz , Azaceta Eneko , Gómez Iñaki , Reifs Antonio , Blázquez J. Alberto , Knez Mato
Published: February 2020

The high capacity of sulfur makes lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries the most promising next‐generation battery systems. With a significantly higher theoretical specific energy than conventional lithium‐ion batteries, this technology is intensely investigated. However, currently used cathodes have some critical drawbacks which affect the performance of Li–S batteries. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) demonstrates its power for solving some emerging issues in energy‐storage systems. The application of alumina (Al2O3) to the cathode surface improves the morphology and/or chemistry, providing a solution for some of the most common issues of Li–S batteries. Herein, the cathode of Li–S batteries is coated with alumina by ALD. In addition, the optimal parameters for ALD application to sulfur‐based electrodes are reported. It is demonstrated that alumina deposition results in an improved capacity of the system. The process temperature plays an important role, in particular for few‐cycle ALD processes, aiding better cell performance. Higher numbers of ALD cycles, especially at elevated process temperatures, result in considerable sulfur loss, which significantly lowers the cell performance. Cathodes coated with alumina at low process temperatures and with low numbers of ALD cycles are promising alternatives for conventional Li–S cathodes as they increase the capacity of the system considerably.
Assessment of Reproducibility, Hysteresis, and Stability Relations in Perovskite Solar Cells Using Machine Learning
Authors: Odabaşı Çağla , Yıldırım Ramazan
Published: February 2020

Herein, the hysteresis and reproducibility of perovskite solar cells and their relations with power conversion efficiency and long‐term stability are analyzed using machine learning tools. A hysteresis dataset containing 387 cells from 194 articles in the literature is constructed and analyzed using association rule mining, while the reproducibility is analyzed using the pooled variance of 24 142 cells from 438 articles. It is found that mixed cation perovskites, two‐step spin coating or multiple spin coating in one step, dimethylformamide + dimethyl sulfoxide as precursor solution, poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine as hole transport layer (HTL), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide + 4‐tert‐butylpyridine + tris(2‐(1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐4‐tert‐butylpyridine) cobalt(III) as HTL dopant, and carbon as back contact are found to be beneficial for both low hysteresis and high reproducibility in regular (n–i–p) cells. In addition to the perovskite material and deposition techniques mentioned earlier, the toluene as antisolvent, bathocuproine as electron transport layer interlayer, and Ag as back contact are found to have positive impacts in inverted (p–i–n) cells. It is also found that those factors are also highly relevant for power conversion efficiency and stability, clearly relating these four most commonly discussed performance measures for perovskite cells.
Glacial lake depth and volume estimation based on a large bathymetric dataset from the Cordillera Blanca, Peru
Authors: Muñoz Randy , Huggel Christian , Frey Holger , Cochachin Alejo , Haeberli Wilfried
Published: February 2020

Glacial lakes are most often located in remote places making it difficult to carry out detailed bathymetric surveys. Consequently, lake depths and volumes for unmeasured lakes are often estimated using empirical relationships developed mainly from small bathymetric datasets. In this study, we use the bathymetry dataset of the Cordillera Blanca, Peru comprising 121 detailed lake bathymetries, the most extensive dataset in the world. We assess the performance of the most commonly applied empirical relationships for lake mean depth and volume estimation, but also investigate relationships between different geometric lake variables. We find that lake volume estimation performs better when derived from lake mean depth, which in turn is estimated from lake width. The findings also reveal the extreme variability of lake geometry, which depends on glacio‐geomorphological processes that empirical–statistical relationships cannot adequately represent. Such relationships involve characteristic uncertainty ranges of roughly ±50%. We also estimate potential peak discharges of outburst floods from these lakes by applying empirical relationships from the literature, which results in discharges varying by up to one‐order of magnitude. Finally, the results are applied to the 860 lakes without bathymetric measurements from the inventory dataset of the Cordillera Blanca to estimate lake mean depth, volume and possible peak discharge for all unmeasured lakes. Estimations show that ca. 70% (610) of the lakes have a mean depth lower than 10 m and very few longer than 40 m. Lake volume of unmeasured lakes represent ca. 32% (5.18 × 108 m3) of the total lake volume (1.15 × 109 m3) in the Cordillera Blanca. Approximately, 50% of the lakes have potential peak discharges > 1000 m3/s in case of lake outburst floods, implying a need for additional studies for risk assessment. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The fatty acid binding protein FABP7 is required for optimal oligodendrocyte differentiation during myelination but not during remyelination
Authors: Foerster Sarah , Guzman de la Fuente Alerie , Kagawa Yoshiteru , Bartels Theresa , Owada Yuji , Franklin Robin J. M.
Published: February 2020

The major constituents of the myelin sheath are lipids, which are made up of fatty acids (FAs). The hydrophilic environment inside the cells requires FAs to be bound to proteins, preventing their aggregation. Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are one class of proteins known to bind FAs in a cell. Given the crucial role of FAs for myelin sheath formation we investigated the role of FABP7, the major isoform expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), in developmental myelination and remyelination. Here, we show that the knockdown of Fabp7 resulted in a reduction of OPC differentiation in vitro. Consistent with this result, a delay in developmental myelination was observed in Fabp7 knockout animals. This delay was transient with full myelination being established before adulthood. FABP7 was dispensable for remyelination, as the knockout of Fapb7 did not alter remyelination efficiency in a focal demyelination model. In summary, while FABP7 is important in OPC differentiation in vitro, its function is not crucial for myelination and remyelination in vivo.
Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells and Their Implications as a Biomarker for Diagnosis, Prognostication, and Therapeutic Monitoring in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ahn Joseph C. , Teng Pai‐Chi , Chen Pin‐Jung , Posadas Edwin , Tseng Hsian‐Rong , Lu Shelly C. , Yang Ju Dong
Published: February 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the leading causes of worldwide cancer‐related morbidity and mortality. Poor prognosis of HCC is attributed primarily to tumor presentation at an advanced stage when there is no effective treatment to achieve the long term survival of patients. Currently available tests such as alpha‐fetoprotein have limited accuracy as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for HCC. Liver biopsy provides tissue that can reveal tumor biology but it is not used routinely due to its invasiveness and risk of tumor seeding, especially in early‐stage patients. Liver biopsy is also limited in revealing comprehensive tumor biology due to intratumoral heterogeneity. There is a clear need for new biomarkers to improve HCC detection, prognostication, prediction of treatment response, and disease monitoring with treatment. Liquid biopsy could be an effective method of early detection and management of HCC. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells in circulation derived from the original tumor or metastatic foci, and their measurement by liquid biopsy represents a great potential in facilitating the implementation of precision medicine in patients with HCC. CTCs can be detected by a simple peripheral blood draw and potentially show global features of tumor characteristics. Various CTC detection platforms using immunoaffinity and biophysical properties have been developed to identify and capture CTCs with high efficiency. Quantitative abundance of CTCs, as well as biological characteristics and genomic heterogeneity among the CTCs, can predict disease prognosis and response to therapy in patients with HCC. This review article will discuss the currently available technologies for CTC detection and isolation, their utility in the clinical management of HCC patients, their limitations, and future directions of research.
Safety and Efficacy of Limited Laboratory Monitoring for Hepatitis C Treatment: A Blinded Clinical Trial in Rwanda
Authors: Grant Philip , Shumbusho Fabienne , Van Nuil Jennifer Ilo , Kateera Fredrick , Mukherjee Joia , Kabahizi Jules , Ntaganda Fabien , Nsanzimana Sabin , Mbituyumuremyi Aimable , Damascene Makuza Jean , Muvunyi Claude Mambo , Mukabatsinda Constance , Musabeyezu Emmanuel , Ntirenganya Cyprien , Gupta Neil
Published: February 2020

Direct‐acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus (HCV) are highly effective and well‐tolerated. However, only a small percentage of HCV‐infected individuals globally have received therapy. Reducing the complexity of monitoring during HCV therapy, if shown to be safe, could facilitate greater access to HCV services, particularly in resource‐limited settings such as sub‐Saharan Africa. We enrolled a total of 300 patients who were chronically infected with genotype 4 HCV in Rwanda and treated them with fixed‐dose ledispasvir/sofosbuvir for 12 weeks. For 60 consecutive participants enrolled, we blinded the study clinician to on‐treatment laboratory results. We compared the efficacy, safety, and tolerability in those with blinded laboratory results to those with standard laboratory monitoring. Baseline characteristics among those with blinded laboratory values were comparable to those with standard monitoring. Among both groups, the median age was 63 years, and the median HCV viral load was 5.9 log (versus 64 years and 6.0 log, respectively). Sustained virologic response rates at 12 weeks after treatment completion were similar in those with blinded laboratories (87%) compared to those with standard laboratory monitoring (87%). There was no increase in adverse events in those with blinded laboratory results, and no participants discontinued the study medication because of an adverse event. Conclusion: On‐treatment laboratory monitoring did not improve patient outcomes in those treated with ledispasvir/sofosbuvir. Eliminating this monitoring in treatment programs in resource‐limited settings may facilitate and accelerate scale‐up of HCV therapy.
Dual effects of acid etching on cell responses and mechanical properties of porous titanium with controllable open‐porous structure
Authors: Wang Dong , He Guo , Tian Ye , Ren Ning , Liu Wei , Zhang Xianlong
Published: February 2020

This study was focused on dual effects of 20 wt % hydrochloric acid etching treatment on cell responses and mechanical properties of a porous titanium with controllable open‐porous structure. The results show that the acid etching induced the formation of a rough surface on the porous titanium, resulting in a remarkable improvement of the MG‐63 osteoblasts adhesion and proliferation on the porous titanium. The surface roughness is found to be mainly dependent on the etching time. As increasing etching time, the surface roughness exhibited a noticeable rise. After etching for 90 min, the best cell response was achieved on the rough surface with a roughness value of 3.7 mm. However, the acid etching treatment displayed a negative effect on the porous titanium strength, and the yield strength was reduced down to 106 MPa as the etching time increased to 150 min. Taking both the cell responses and strength into account, an optimal etching time was determined as 60 min by experiments.
Warmer isn't always better: Performance eurythermy in a cold‐climate gecko
Authors: Weeks Denita M. , Espinoza Robert E.
Published: February 2020

Most aspects of the lives of ectotherms are temperature dependent. Achieving the warmer body temperatures (Tbs) typically required for optimal performance can be particularly challenging for nocturnal ectotherms.Homonota darwinii—the world's southernmost gecko—is broadly distributed in southern Argentina (35–52 °S latitude) where cold climates over parts of its range likely pose an additional performance challenge for this nocturnal lizard. We hypothesized that the southernmost populations of this species would be the most thermally challenged, as evidenced by a decline in temperature‐dependent sprint performance with increasing latitude. A temperature‐dependent depression in locomotory performance may indicate suboptimal performance in other thermally dependent traits linked to fitness (e.g., foraging efficiency, metabolism). We measured sprint performance at five ecologically relevantTbs for four populations spanning most of the latitudinal range ofH. darwinii. We also recorded annual operative temperatures (Tes) at each site on the surface and in refuges used by the geckos. Sprint data indicated differences in maximum performance over the range ofH. darwinii, but not the latitudinal decline predicted. Instead, sprint performance was likely influenced by climatic variability associated with each site's elevation. Geckos from most populations had a broad range ofTbs over which sprint performance was optimal, albeit twofold to threefold lower than other geckos. This is indicative of eurythermy, the ability to perform well over a wide range of temperatures. We discuss this finding in the context of alternative hypotheses concerning performance tradeoffs in nocturnal ectotherms.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of wild and lab populations of Astyanax mexicanus uncovers differential effects of environment and morphotype on gene expression
Authors: Krishnan Jaya , Persons Jenna L. , Peuß Robert , Hassan Huzaifa , Kenzior Alexander , Xiong Shaolei , Olsen Luke , Maldonado Ernesto , Kowalko Johanna E. , Rohner Nicolas
Published: February 2020

Studying how different genotypes respond to environmental variation is essential to understand the genetic basis of adaptation. The Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, has cave and surface‐dwelling morphotypes that have adapted to entirely different environments in the wild, and are now successfully maintained in lab conditions. While this has enabled the identification of genetic adaptations underlying a variety of physiological processes, few studies have directly compared morphotypes between lab‐reared and natural populations. Such comparative approaches could help dissect the varying effects of environment and morphotype, and determine the extent to which phenomena observed in the lab are generalizable to conditions in the field. To this end, we take a transcriptomic approach to compare the Pachón cavefish and their surface fish counterparts in their natural habitats and the lab environment. We identify key changes in expression of genes implicated in metabolism and physiology between groups of fish, suggesting that morphotype (surface or cave) and environment (natural or lab) both alter gene expression. We find gene expression differences between cave and surface fish in their natural habitats are much larger than differences in expression between morphotypes in the lab environment. However, lab‐raised cave and surface fish still exhibit numerous gene expression changes, supporting genetically encoded changes in livers of this species. From this, we conclude that a controlled laboratory environment may serve as an ideal setting to study the genetic underpinnings of metabolic and physiological differences between the cavefish and surface fish.
Constructions of infinite graphs with Ramsey property
Authors: Komjáth Péter
Published: February 2020

For every infinite cardinal λ and 2 ≤ n < ω there is a directed graph D of size λ such that D does not contain directed circuits of length ≤n and if its vertices are colored with <λ colors, then there is a monochromatic directed circuit of length n + 1. For every infinite cardinal λ and finite graph X there is a λ‐sized graph Y such that if the vertices of Y are colored with <λ colors, then there is a monochromatic induced copy of X. Further, Y does not contain larger cliques or shorter odd circuits than X. The constructions are using variants of Specker‐type graphs.
An improved upper bound for the grid Ramsey problem
Authors: Milićević Luka
Published: February 2020

For a positive integer r, let G (r) be the smallest N such that, whenever the edges of the Cartesian product KN × KN are r‐colored, then there is a rectangle in which both pairs of opposite edges receive the same color. In this paper, we improve the upper bounds on G (r) by proving , for r large enough. Unlike the previous improvements, which were based on bounds for the size of set systems with restricted intersection sizes, our proof is a form of quasirandomness argument.
IL-33 promotes type 1 cytokine expression via p38 MAPK in human NK cells
Authors: Ochayon David E. , Ali Ayad , Alarcon Pablo C. , Krishnamurthy Durga , Kottyan Leah C. , Borchers Michael T. , Waggoner Stephen N.
Published: February 2020

This study tests the hypothesis that activation of MAPK by physiologically relevant concentrations of IL-33 contributes to enhanced cytokine expression by IL-12 stimulated human NK cells. While IL-33 canonically triggers type 2 cytokine responses, this cytokine can also synergize with type 1 cytokines like IL-12 to provoke IFN-γ. We show that picogram concentrations of IL-12 and IL-33 are sufficient to promote robust secretion of IFN-γ by human NK cells that greatly exceeds resposes to either cytokine alone. Nanogram doses of IL-33, potentially consistent with levels in tissue microenvironments, synergize with IL-12 to induce secretion of additional cytokines, including TNF and GM-CSF. IL-33-induced activation of the p38 MAPK pathway in human NK cells is crucial for enhanced release of IFN-γ and TNF in response to IL-12. Mechanistically, IL-33-induced p38 MAPK signaling enhances stability of IFNG transcripts and triggers A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17 (ADAM17) mediated cleavage of TNF from the cell surface. These data support our hypothesis and suggest that altered sensitivity of NK cells to IL-12 in the presence of IL-33 may have important consequences in diseases associated with mixed cytokine milieus, like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
If Sages Worked in Tech: Ancient Wisdom for Future‐Proof Leadership
Authors: Hudson Trevor Eric
Published: February 2020

Leadership and its definition is on a continual evolution that is often no more than exchanging one outdated characteristic (goodbye “Charismatic Leadership” ‐ the idea that one figurehead inspires and directs the company) (Vergauwe, Wille, Hofmans, Kaiser, & De Fruyt, 2018) for more progressive examples, (hello “Servant Leadership” ‐ the idea that the purpose of leaders it to serve those who deliver the ‘product’) (Linuesa‐Langreo, Ruiz‐Palomino, & Elche‐Hortelano, 2017); without fully explaining the transition. Partly due to the newness of the field compared to other academic disciplines, and partly to the acceleration of business behavior; academic and business definitions of leadership seem to be struggling to keep pace. The current article presents evidence to support a more enduring lens of leadership, with particular attention to leadership definitions from Taoism and contemporary texts that describe the Tao. In the context of “second‐tier” leadership, a relatively modern concept, it suggests approaches to the attainment of the Tao style may be another route to a post‐conventional worldview more applicable in the modern age. The future‐proof leader has a greater capacity to wrestle the complexities of the modern world (Kegan, 1994) and take multiple perspectives on any given problem. Future‐proofed “wise” leadership is agnostic of the change speed of technology, yet the momentum of technology, globalization, and instant communication are what makes its understanding a modern necessity.
Interaction of coumarin triazole analogs to serum albumins: Spectroscopic analysis and molecular docking studies
Authors: Sharma Kumkum , Yadav Priyanka , Sharma Bhawana , Pandey Meenakshi , Awasthi Satish K.
Published: February 2020

The interaction of triazole substituted 4‐methyl‐7‐hydroxycoumarin derivatives (CUM1‐4) with serum albumin (bovine serum albumin [BSA] and human serum albumin [HSA]) have been studied employing ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis), fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and molecular docking methods at physiological pH 7.4. The fluorescence quenching occurred with increasing concentration of CUMs, and the binding constant of CUM derivatives with BSA and HSA obtained from fluorescence quenching experiment was found to be ~ 104 L mol−1. CD study showed conformational changes in the secondary structure of serum albumin upon titration of CUMs. The observed experimental results were further validated by theoretical studies involving density functional theory (DFT) and molecular docking.
Surface potential–based analysis of ferroelectric dual material gate all around (FE‐DMGAA) TFETs
Authors: Mishra Varun , Verma Yogesh K. , Gupta Santosh K.
Published: February 2020

This paper presents an electrostatic potential–based analytical model of drain current for ferroelectric dual material gate all around tunnel field effect transistors (FE‐DMGAA‐TFETs). Analytical model is formulated to examine the device characteristics by combining the evanescent mode analysis (EMA) and Landau‐Khalatnikov equation. Ferroelectric material exhibits negative capacitance, which enhances the drain current by providing an amplification to the surface potential. The impact of varying the ferroelectric layer thickness on the device characteristics is studied. The accuracy of the model is evaluated by comparing it with the results obtained from numerical calculations and found to be in good accord. The ON current of the ferroelectric‐based TFETs is approximately 100 times the conventional DMGAA‐TFETs.
Second‐order supercapacitor model and its parameter extraction
Authors: Barić Tomislav , Glavaš Hrvoje , Nyarko Emmanuel Karlo
Published: February 2020

In certain cases, the application of traditional measurement techniques and related procedures for supercapacitor parameter extraction in time‐domain could be an unnecessarily time‐consuming process, which also requires different sets of measurement equipment, commonly expensive. This is a strong motivation for the development of procedures for supercapacitor parameter extraction which complies with the above. One such is presented in this paper. This paper presents a model of supercapacitors based on two parallel RC branches, respectively, as a second‐order system described by four parameters. In this paper, we will show that even a very simple second‐order model credibly describes a supercapacitor in a dynamic regime of a rapid discharging process. Also, we proposed an improved set of expressions that establish the relations between the supercapacitor parameters and measured quantities as well as the procedure for parameter extraction in time domain. We demonstrated that using a generalised least square method and the provided set of analytical expressions is a powerful and effective tool in supercapacitor parameter extraction from the waveform of supercapacitor current in rapid discharge regime. The validity of the proposed approach, expressions, and obtained parameters was confirmed by comparing the waveforms of short‐circuit current obtained by an experiment and a simulation.
Oxytocin‐loaded sustained‐release hydrogel graft provides accelerated bone formation: An experimental rat study
Authors: Akay Ayse Sumeyye , Arısan Volkan , Cevher Erdal , Sessevmez Melike , Cam Betul
Published: February 2020

Restoration of the lost bone volume is one of the most deliberate issues in dentistry. Sustained‐release microspherical oxytocin hormone in a poloxamer hydrogel scaffold combined with a mixture of β‐tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite (CP) may serve as a suitable bone graft. The aim of this study was to design and test a novel thermosensitive hydrogel graft incorporating oxytocin‐loaded poly(d, l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) sustained‐release microspheres and CP. Thermosensitive poloxamer hydrogel containing CP (HCP graft) was prepared as a base and combined with hollow microspheres (HCPM) and oxytocin‐loaded microspheres (HCPOM). Eighty Wistar rats were used for testing the grafts and a control group in 8‐mm‐diameter critical‐sized calvarial defects (CSD); (n = 20). Bone healing at the 4th and 8th weeks was evaluated by histological, histomorphometric, and radiological (micro‐computed tomography [µCT]) analyses. The results were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance (P < .05). Oxytocin‐loaded PLGA microspheres prepared by the solvent displacement method yielded a high encapsulation efficiency of 89.5% and a slow drug release. Incorporation of the microspheres into the hydrogel graft slowed the release rate down and the release completed within 32 days. HCPOM revealed the highest new bone formation (26.45% ± 6.65% and 30.76% ± 4.37% at the 4th and 8th weeks, respectively; P < .0001) while HCPM and HCP groups revealed a bone formation of around 10% (P > .05). µCT findings of HCPOM group showed the highest mean bone mineral density values (42.21 ± 5.14 and 46.94 ± 3.30 g/cm3 for the 4th and 8th weeks, respectively; P < .0027). The proposed oxytocin‐loaded sustained‐release PLGA microspheres containing thermosensitive hydrogel graft (HCPOM) provide an accelerated bone regeneration in the rat calvaria.
Does a Minority of Children With Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Receive Formal Diet Advice?
Authors: Alfaro Cruz Ligia , Minard Charles , Guffey Danielle , Chumpitazi Bruno P. , Shulman Robert J.
Published: February 2020

Background

Diet therapies may be recommended for pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). However, little is known about the frequency with which diet therapy is recommended in FGIDs. Our aims were to determine and contrast the frequency and types of diet recommendations provided to children with FGIDs by pediatric gastroenterologists (PGIs) versus primary care pediatricians (PCPs).

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed using data from a large, metropolitan children's academic healthcare system to identify subjects meeting Rome IV criteria for functional abdominal pain, functional dyspepsia, irritable‐bowel syndrome (IBS), and/or abdominal migraine over a period of 23 months.

Results

Of 1929 patient charts reviewed, 268 were included for further analyses. Of these, 186 patients (69%) were seen by a PGI and 82 (31%) by a PCP. The most common diagnosis was IBS (49% for PGIs and 71% for PCPs). Diet recommendations were provided to 115 (43%) patients (PGI group: 86 [75%] vs PCP group: 29 [25%]; P < .1). The most frequent recommendations were high fiber (PGI: 15%; PCP: 14%) and low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) diet (PGI: 12%; PCP: 4%). Of those provided with diet recommendations, only 20% (n = 23) received an educational consult by a dietitian. Provision of diet recommendations was not affected by years in practice.

Conclusion

Despite increasing awareness of the role of diet in the treatment of childhood FGIDs, a minority of patients receive diet recommendations in tertiary care or primary care settings. When diet recommendations were given, there was great variability in the guidance provided.
Impact of different drying processes on the lipid deterioration and color characteristics of Penaeus vannamei
Authors: Li De‐Yang , Zhou Da‐Yong , Yin Fa‐Wen , Dong Xiu‐Ping , Xie Hong‐Kai , Liu Zhong‐Yuan , Li Ao , Li Jia‐Xuan , Rakariyatham Kanyasiri , Shahidi Fereidoon
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Fresh shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) deteriorates easily and the drying process is an important processing method for prolonging the shelf life of shrimp. The traditional drying method is hot‐air‐drying (HD), which can cause some problems such as nutrient loss, discoloration and lipid oxidation. In recent years, freeze‐drying (FD) has been popular for removing moisture from food at lower temperatures, maintaining the structure of raw materials, and improving storage stability of products. In the present study, the effects of HD and FD on lipid and color of P. vannamei and the mechanisms involved were investigated.

RESULTS

FD caused less lipid oxidation compared to HD; consequently, FD‐processed shrimps had lower levels of primary and secondary oxidation products, as well as acid value, and higher contents of triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid compared to HD‐processed samples. Lipase and lipoxygenase played a role in the oxidation and hydrolysis of lipids during drying process. FD‐processed shrimps had lower yellowness value and chromatic aberrations but a higher whiteness value compared to HD‐processed samples. Correlation analysis showed that lipid oxidation, astaxanthin degradation and the Maillard reaction contributed to the changes of color. Principal component analysis indicated that FD caused less deterioration in quality compared to HD.

CONCLUSION

In the present study, FD is recommended for preserving shrimp color and lipid nutrition in terms of lipid oxidation control. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Arctic Fox Responses to Tourism Activity
Authors: Larm Malin , Brundin Erika , Stålhandske Thomas , Angerbjörn Anders
Published: February 2020

As the interest for nature‐based tourism activities increases, it is important to provide evidence‐based guidelines for wildlife‐human interactions to minimize the disturbance caused to wildlife. In Fennoscandia, the endangered arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) is subject to increasing tourism interest and some regions recommend a minimum approach distance of 300 m, but the guidelines have not been scientifically validated. We conducted experimental human approaches towards arctic fox den sites to study activity and behavioral changes in response to the approaching observer. The first arctic foxes hid when approached within 300 m, but many had increased their vigilance already at the start distance of 500 m. At approximately 200 m, the hiding probability increased rapidly at dens disturbed and undisturbed by tourism activities. Arctic foxes at disturbed dens allowed the observer to approach more closely before they increased their vigilance and before they hid compared to foxes at undisturbed dens. We confirm that a minimum distance of 300 m might be sufficient for most arctic foxes to refrain from hiding, but a longer distance would be required to avoid causing any disturbance. We recommend a minimum approach distance of ≥300 m to be implemented in all Fennoscandian regions inhabited by the arctic fox. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
A new modified walnut shell by grafting l‐aspartic acid: Synthesis and kinetics
Authors: Li Shenmaishang , Qiu Minqian , Zeng Zuoxiang , Xue Weilan
Published: February 2020

A new modified walnut shell was prepared by grafting l‐aspartic acid (ASP) to walnut shell (WNS) in the hydrochloric acid solution (1.0 M). The effects of stirring speed, particle size, solid‐liquid ratio, temperature, and modifying agent concentration on grafting yield were studied. The grafting process conditions were optimized, and the grafting yield of WNS reached ∼14 wt%. The kinetics of the grafting reaction was investigated in the temperature range of 348‐368 K. A three‐step hypothesis was proposed to describe the grafting process: The ASP molecules diffuse to the out surface of WNS through the liquid film, then attend to the internal surface and react with WNS. The shrinking core models with different controlling steps were used to fit the kinetic data of the grafting process, and the results showed that the model controlled by a product layer fitted well with the experimental data. The internal diffusion coefficient DA of ASP in WNS has been calculated, and it was applied to predict the grafting yield at different ASP concentrations by a shrinking core model. The results showed that the shrinking core model controlled by internal diffusion is suitable.
Weather forecast for the 35th America's Cup (2017) winners based on a limited area model
Authors: Messager Christophe , Badham Roger “Cloud” , Honnorat Marc , Vandenberghe François , Waterhouse Tom , Currie Ian
Published: February 2020

The America's Cup (AC) is the oldest trophy in international sport and sailing regatta. The 35th AC occurred during spring 2017 in Bermuda. A new generation of sailing boats was in use, while the technical advances required backstage to enable a victory were equally impressive. The availability of accurate wind fields with a grid spacing of < 1 km from numerical meteorological forecasts was one of those key advances, used for both strategic and tactical planning. The study describes the limited area model, explicitly resolving the convection, used to generate weather forecasts for Emirates Team New Zealand (ETNZ) challenger, the challenger and winning team. In particular, it illustrates an ability to forecast accurately the wind variability in space and time, which helped achieve victory.
Using social media to measure impacts of named storm events in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Authors: Spruce M. , Arthur R. , Williams H. T. P.
Published: February 2020

Despite increasing use of impact‐based weather warnings, the social impacts of extreme weather events lie beyond the reach of conventional meteorological observations and remain difficult to quantify. This presents a challenge for validation of warnings and weather impact models. This study considers the application of social sensing, the systematic analysis of unsolicited social media data to observe real‐world events, to determine the impacts of named storms in the United Kingdom and Ireland during the winter storm season 2017–2018. User posts on Twitter are analysed to show that social sensing can robustly detect and locate storm events. Comprehensive filtering of tweets containing weather keywords reveals that ~3% of tweets are relevant to severe weather events and, for those, locations could be derived for about 75%. Impacts of storms on Twitter users are explored using the text content of storm‐related tweets to assess changes in sentiment and topics of discussion over the period before, during and after each storm event. Sentiment shows a consistent response to storms, with an increase in expressed negative emotion. Topics of discussion move from warnings as the storm approaches, to local observations and reportage during the storm, to accounts of damage/disruption and sharing of news reports following the event. There is a high level of humour expressed throughout. This study demonstrates a novel methodology for identifying tweets which can be used to assess the impacts of storms and other extreme weather events. Further development could lead to improved understanding of social impacts of storms and impact model validation.
Dynamics of the general factor of personality: A predictor mathematical tool of alcohol misuse
Authors: Amigó Salvador , Caselles Antonio , Micó Joan C. , Sanz Maria T. , Soler David
Published: February 2020

There are few studies developed about the general factor of personality (GFP) dynamics. This paper uses a dynamical mathematical model, the response model, to predict the short‐term effects of a dose of alcohol on GFP and reports the results of an alcohol intake experiment. The GFP dynamical mechanism of change is based on the unique trait personality theory (UTPT). This theory proposes the existence of GFP, which occupies the apex of the hierarchy of personality. An experiment with 37 volunteers was performed. All the participants completed The five‐adjective scale of the general factor of personality (GFP‐FAS) in trait‐format (GFP‐T) and state‐format (GFP‐S) before alcohol consumption. The participants in the experimental group (28) received 26.51 g of alcohol and a slight food, while the participants in the control group (9) just received the food. Every participant filled the GFP‐S each 7 minutes. The results show that GFP is modified by a single dose of alcohol: both the high scores of GFP‐T and the high scores of GFP‐S explain the most part of the alcohol impact. Moreover, they prove that the response model calibration to the GFP‐S scores reproduces the biphasic GFP dynamics as a consequence of an alcohol dose intake described by the literature. In fact, the results also demonstrate that the response model provides the UTPT prediction: the high scores of GFP‐T predict a stronger stimulant‐like effect and a stronger inhibitor effect. Thus, the response model is a useful mathematical tool to predict those individuals inclined to the alcohol misuse.