bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatigue of steel specimens at low temperatures
Authors: Tesar Alexander
Published: October 2020

Fatigue behaviour of 3-D steel structural specimens at low temperatures was investigated in this paper. Simulation model adopting backpropagation neural network approach is used for the analysis. The updated Lagrange formulation of motion combined with pseudoforce technique in the FETM-wave approach was used for the treatment of non-linear problems. Each step of iteration approaches the solution of linear problem and the feasibility of parallel processing combined with backpropagation neural network is established. Numerical and experimental analysis is submitted in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the procedures suggested.
The suitability of polymer packaging for recycling
Authors: Balaban Petra
Published: October 2020

Packaging must fulfill functional, aesthetic, economic, and ergonomic requirements, and nowadays more and more attention is paid to environmental requirements. Of the total production of plastic materials, the largest share is refers to the packaging industry. In addition, polymer packaging occupies the largest percentage of total packaging production. The reason for its application is due to a number of good properties such as low price, variety, mechanical and barrier properties, etc. However, from the ecological aspect, it represents a special problem due to short-term use and accumulation of non-degradable waste. That is why packaging nowadays should meet the growing demands of economical and environmentally friendly processing after its use. For these reasons, the paper provides basic guidelines for the manufacture and selection of packaging materials in order to improve recyclability, taking into account the criteria of material labeling and construction performance.
Cloud computing concept in education systems
Authors: Pažun Brankica , Langović Zlatko
Published: October 2020

Cloud technology is a system that enables the use of IT resources more efficiently, simply and cheaply. The cost-effectiveness of applying this technology is reflected in the optimization of operating costs, the optimization of capital investments, as well as the reduction of costs. Electronic education as a system began to "live" in the late 20th century in the form of IT applications. Nowadays, these applications are in a new environment - Cloud Computing. The amount of data that needs to be processed grows and has a tendency to accelerate. This huge amount of data is necessary to store, transfer and process in a unit of time this requires the development of certain systems. The given systems that enable the management of the given resources are big data systems, internet of things, cloud platforms, virtualization, artificial intelligence, 5g, etc. The platform structure that carries these systems is cloud computing. The use of cloud computing as a new technology for the realization of e-learning enhances educational and research systems, in terms of storage and flow capacity, data processing speed and availability of information with the aim of a better educational environment with greater controllability, is more economical, efficient and safer in relation to the traditional concept. The paper presents the impact of ICT and cloud computing on educational systems, which should be part of new trends due to the advantages that given technology brings.
Micro and small enterprises and human resources retention in a pandemic
Authors: Ilić-Kosanović Tatjana , Tomašević Vladimir , Ilić Damir
Published: October 2020

Micro and small businesses, especially information technology startups, as well as micro and small family businesses engaged in production using high technologies, and innovation, are a very important element of a country's economy. However, in conditions where the owner is usually the manager of the company and when there is no established human resources management sector or a designated position with responsibilities in the field of human resources management, the human management process itself is mostly informal, ad hoc, and subject to frequent changes. Human resource management problems are particularly noticeable in crisis situations such as the COVID-19 virus pandemic. This paper examines the attitudes (in the form of interviews) of managers and owners of small businesses in the field of information technology and high technologies towards the retention of employees in the COVID-19 virus pandemic in the first week of declaring a state of emergency in Serbia and in the first week of May, when the lifting of the state of emergency was announced. Although the sample is small, it can be concluded that small businesses were unprepared for this crisis, but that in terms of human resource management, especially when it comes to retention and rewarding employees, small businesses in the field of information technology have been able, because of the nature of their work, to overcome the crisis much easier than companies engaged in production (although they are utilizing high technologies).
Geografia eleitoral no norte central do estado do Paraná: poder local e coronelismo
Authors: Carnevalli Fernandes Pedro Henrique , Ferrari Oliveira Guilherme
Published: October 2020

No Brasil, os holofotes sobre a política nunca estiveram tão intensos. Igualmente intensos, estão a desconfiança da população, a comprovação dos casos de corrupção e o negligenciar da vida pública e do espaço público. Por isso, o objetivo principal deste artigo é refletir acerca da Geografia Eleitoral nos municípios do Norte Central do Estado do Paraná, demonstrando o poder local e o coronelismo, sobretudo nas pequenas cidades. Assim, o artigo pretende desmitificar que o coronelismo e a centralização política personificada em indivíduos ou famílias são características de áreas e regiões menos desenvolvidas. Para isso, o estudo, que ocorre na região Norte Central do Estado do Paraná, composta por 79 municípios, foi realizado por meio de levantamento bibliográfico e de dados secundários dos municípios da região, levantamento de dados eleitorais, entre 1947 e 2016, produção de material cartográfico e a realização da redação final deste artigo. Os resultados mostraram que a realidade apresentada atinge com maior intensidade algumas localidades, mas, como tendência, observa-se que as localidades da região Norte do Estado do Paraná, de forma geral, são atingidas igualmente pelo mesmo processo de poder local centralizado e pelo coronelismo.
Palavras-chave: Geografia política. Eleições – Paraná – História. Coronelismo no Norte do Paraná.
Preservação sistêmica de documentos arquivísticos digitais: uma perspectiva holística
Authors: Machado dos Santos Henrique , Ciocheta Mazuco Fabiana , Flores Daniel
Published: October 2020

A preservação de documentos digitais tem sido um tema de constante discussão na literatura científica. Consequentemente, diversas estratégias e métodos vêm sendo empregados a fim de garantir o acesso em longo prazo. No âmbito da Arquivística tem-se discutido sobre os sistemas informatizados responsáveis por gerenciar e preservar tais documentos. Igualmente, a reformulação de conceitos como as cadeias de custódia e de preservação trazem novos questionamentos. Dessa forma, tem-se por objetivo discutir a abordagem sistêmica da preservação digital, pautada em normas e padrões amplamente aceitos, aliados à visão holística do ciclo de vida dos documentos arquivísticos, para, assim, planejar a preservação já na fase da gestão de documentos. Para apoiar o ponto de vista apresentado neste artigo, utiliza-se um levantamento bibliográfico composto por livros, publicações técnicas, leis e artigos científicos. Observa-se que os ambientes de gestão e preservação devem manter níveis de interoperabilidade para adicionar confiança às transferências e recolhimentos. Com isso, mantém-se uma cadeia de custódia ininterrupta, que irá assegurar a autenticidade dos documentos arquivísticos. Sendo assim, entende-se que a abordagem holístico-sistêmica permite compreender a visão macro do sistema de arquivos, e assim, identificar a legislação, as normas e os padrões envolvidos.
Palavras-chave: Preservação sistêmica. Documentos digitais. Arquivística. Cadeia de custódia. Cadeia de preservação. Confiabilidade.
Formação do professor de geografia na produção do material didático sobre o território goiano
Authors: De Souza Cavalcanti Lana , De Freitas Vilas Boas Gomes Marquiana , Camilo de Souza Vanilton
Published: October 2020

Na formação do professor, os conhecimentos em Didática constituem pilar importante às ações acadêmicas a respeito desse campo e são capazes de ampliar as teorias, atualizar conceitos, estabelecer críticas às formulações incompatíveis com os contextos escolares, além de orientar as práticas de ensino específicas dos seus conteúdos. Nessa perspectiva, a discussão deste artigo emerge do projeto “Conteúdos Geográficos nas escalas local/regional no contexto do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem)”, na Universidade Federal de Goiás, financiado pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). O objetivo é relacionar as potencialidades da investigação crítico-colaborativa na formação dos professores de Geografia e na produção do material didático sobre a relação cidade-campo em Goiás. Como metodologia, privilegiou-se a colaboração entre pesquisadores, professores e estudantes de Geografia para transformar o mundo da prática. Nessa investigação, a voz e a perspectiva dos sujeitos envolvidos são consideradas como parte da investigação e contribuem para a produção do conhecimento ao longo do processo. Nesse contexto, a elaboração do material didático envolveu as etapas de: definição do tema por meio de problematizações; investigação sobre a produção científica do conteúdo; recontextualização do conhecimento para a escala regional e para os objetivos escolares; experimentação e avaliação do material no Ensino Médio. A pesquisa colaborativa efetivou-se na produção didática sobre a relação cidade-campo em Goiás e, nesse conjunto de ações, permitiu-se aos participantes um conhecimento mais autoral no próprio processo de formação inicial e continuada e o desenvolvimento de metodologias com o protagonismo dos sujeitos.
Palavras-chave: Professores de geografia. Ensino - Metodologia. Professores - formação. Didática. Metodologias de ensino.
Del Guitarrista al Neoguitarrista: Análisis y Reflexión Sobre la Semántica de la Palabra Desde la Música.
Authors: Carrasco Filisola Luis Edgar
Published: October 2020

La música está dentro del plano de las emociones, pero no en el mismo de la tristeza, la alegría, el miedo, la ira, o la sorpresa, que se desencadenan ante hechos y estímulos específicos, relevantes, e inesperados; en oposición a eso la música no sería un estímulo natural, carece del factor sorpresa y de una respuesta conductual adaptativa (Díaz, 2010:544). Sin embargo, independientemente del origen o proceso, las emociones que devienen del estímulo musical se manifiestan mediante la gestualidad y se transmiten por el sonido, por lo que: “[…] es probable que la estructura espaciotemporal de los movimientos corporales acoplados a la música provea de significaciones que serían importantes para comprender su semántica, lo cual es motivo de indagaciones particulares” (Díaz, 2010:544).En el presente estudio la gestualidad musical está íntimamente ligada a la ergonomía de la guitarra eléctrica, por lo que es necesario diferenciarla de la guitarra acústica para efectos de poder analizar y demostrar que las exigencias técnicas y gestuales son muy diferentes entre ellas, aunado a fuertes cargas culturales que les atribuye diferentes ‘identidades’ musicales, no solo por la forma y estructura de su música, sino también por la estética de su gestualidad musical. En el caso de la guitarra eléctrica, su sonido, gestualidad y técnica se desarrolla de la ‘mano’ con el rock y sus vertientes; su sonido evoca a Chuck Berry, Jimi Hendrix, Angus Young, Stevie Ray Voughan, Yngwie Malmsteen, Ritchie Blackmore, Michael Romeo, y varios más; sin embargo siendo tan diferente su tecnología, técnica, sonido, forma, estética (imagen) y gesto musical, respecto a los intérpretes de la guitarra acústica; a todos se les llama ‘guitarristas’. Lo que sin duda representa un grave error de sintaxis respecto a la semántica musical de la palabra, un problema que al parecer ha pasado desapercibido por al menos cincuenta años, por lo que el presente trabajo busca abordar el problema planteado y ofrecer una propuesta como alternativa, donde a pesar de que el fin principal es provocar la reflexión, existe la posibilidad de dar un fin utilitario dentro de la semántica musical.
Sensible y valiente cartografía de la educación artística
Authors: Alonso Sanz María Amparo
Published: October 2020

Reseña del libro: Educación Artística Sensible. Cartografía contemporánea para arteducadores
Reseña Mujeres músicas.
Authors: CAMPO LLOP ANA
Published: October 2020

¿Cuántas mujeres dirigen orquestas en la actualidad?. ¿Qué obras orquestales compuestas por mujeres se programan en nuestros auditorios o salas de conciertos?.  ¿Qué lugar ocupan las mujeres directoras y compositoras de orquesta en nuestros días?. Buscar la respuesta a estas preguntas y otras similares podríamos decir que es el punto de partida del libro “Mujeres Músicas, dificultades, avances y metas a alcanzar en el siglo XXI”.
Entrevista a Josep Gustems por Ana M. Vernia
Authors: Vernia Carrasco Ana
Published: October 2020

Entrevista a Josep Gustems por Ana M. Vernia
The welfare of culled dairy cattle sent to market and its impact on economic return
Authors: Rosen K , Llonch P , Langford FM
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to assess the welfare of culled dairy cattle sent to an auction in the UK and identify associations between animal-based measurement and economic gain. The population of cull dairy cows sold at a Scottish livestock market were assessed on ten occasions for measures including body condition, mobility, hair loss and lesions, swelling, body cleanliness, claw conformation and total time in pre-sale pens. Details on breed, age, breeding status, farm, weight and price were gathered from market reports and cattle passports. Questionnaires sent to farms gathered information on reason for culling, retirement period (a finishing period to improve body condition), and number of lactations, among other variables. Measures such as bodyweight, breeding status, and breed type influenced price paid, with heifers and larger animals receiving higher prices. A negative effect over price paid was due to reduced mobility and hair loss scores, suggesting that some animal-based indicators of compromised welfare may be associated with a lower economic return from the cows sent to market. No influence of retirement length on price paid was noted. Reason for culling also did not influence price paid, but considering the association found between welfare and price paid, this suggests that the farmers’ reason for culling may not be necessarily revealed by the visual appearance of the cow. This study reveals reasons for culling and quantifies the welfare of dairy cows at market and demonstrates how measures of breeding status and body size, as well as measures of welfare, influence the buyers’ decisions and prices paid at auction.
Evaluating factors influencing dog post-adoptive return in a Canadian animal shelter
Authors: Friend JR , Bench CJ
Published: October 2020

Understanding the factors associated with post-adoptive return in dogs (Canis familiaris) is important for reducing shelter return rates. The objective of this retrospective study was to identify factors detectable in shelters associated with post-adoptive return in an objective dog-centric analysis. The records of 959 dogs were evaluated via factor analysis of seven behaviour and seven physical variables which resulted in the extraction of six principal factors. Fear aggression, ongoing health concerns, separation anxiety, sex-specific aggression, and age effect on source were not found to significantly impact outcome. In particular, dog aggression risk (a factor composed of breed, size, and dog aggression) was found to be significantly higher in returned dogs. Since dog aggression risk is associated with post-adoptive return, this could help shelters to modify policies to either screen aggressive dogs from the adoption population or improve adoption counselling in an attempt to help lower return rates.
Scratch the surface: Histopathology of foot-pad dermatitis in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)
Authors: Stracke J , Klotz D , Wohlsein P , Döhring S , Volkmann N , Kemper N , Spindler B
Published: October 2020

Foot-pad dermatitis (FPD) is an important indicator of animal welfare in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). The present study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of a commonly used five-point visual score (VC), assessing FPD based on lesion size by implementing histopathological analysis. In 100 turkey feet (20 per scale scored by the VC), the size of both the foot-pad and the alteration were measured. Subsequently, a histopathological analysis was performed, examining the occurrence and severity grade of different parameters. The study addressed three main goals: (i) examining the reliability of the scoring system concerning the evaluated size of FPD; (ii) assessing histopathological parameters to analyse patterns, reflecting the categories of the scoring system; and (iii) finding threshold values to avoid the occurrence of ulcerations. The study found good observer reliabilities for the VC, but measuring the relative size of alterations resulted in divergent values according to the original specifications With regard to the histopathological parameters, no clear patterns were found in the respective VC scoring levels. However, ulcerations revealed a significant effect on the size of the alteration, showing a greater grade of severity with increasing lesion size. Regarding the occurrence of ulcerations, optimum threshold values could be identified even in very small lesions. This study helps contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of FPD. It also raises the question as to whether, in light of animal welfare concerns, threshold values of visual systems should be adjusted to avoid ulcerations, considering the outcome of our histopathological assessment.
La prédication du dominicain Benoît Lacroix auprès des Soeurs des Saints Noms de Jésus et de Marie
Authors: Laperle Dominique
Published: October 2020

Cet article se veut un premier jalon d’analyse de la prédication du dominicain Benoît Lacroix (1915-2016) auprès des communautés religieuses féminines à travers l’exemple des homélies prononcées auprès des Soeurs des Saints Noms de Jésus et de Marie. Cette étude démontre qu’il a constamment cherché à adapter ses homélies au contexte propre à chacun des instituts qu’il a visités, en tenant compte des sensibilités religieuses et du charisme particulier à chacun d’eux. Cette parole publique témoigne de la personnalité du père Lacroix, des axes spirituels qu’il a privilégiés, de sa conception des rapports entre les hommes et les femmes et de sa lecture de la vie consacrée.
The Smell of Air Pollution
Authors: Armstrong Robert G.
Published: October 2020

Beginning in 1858, Enniskillen Ontario was the site of Canada’s first oil industry. Over the course of the next twenty-seven years, Canada’s oil industry struggled to sell Enniskillen oil because it possessed a pungent odour. Although using one’s olfactory senses is biological, how people choose to interpret odours is influenced by their cultural context. As a result, different populations reacted to the odour of Enniskillen oil based on their socioeconomic and geographic context. In Britain, people responded negatively to the smell of the oil, going so far as trying to ban the importation of oil from Canada. Across cities in Ontario, people raised complaints about the smell of the oil, but their concerns were largely ignored by municipal officials. In the oil region of Enniskillen, the locals were largely unbothered by the oil, despite living in a region that had been polluted to such an extent that the air was permeated with the smell of oil.
Analysis of Port Community System Introduction in Croatian Seaports - Case Study Split
Authors: Torlak Ivan , Tijan Edvard , Aksentijević Saša , Oblak Renato
Published: October 2020

The introduction of a Port Community System (PCS) is identified as one of the key elements facilitating seaport development. In this paper, the analysis of seaport stakeholders and Maritime Single Window systems in Croatia is performed, including NSW (National Single Window), MNSW (Maritime National Single Window: CIMIS - Croatian Integrated Maritime Information System), their interaction and development of the national model for a PCS, ongoing in the form of a pilot project in the Port of Rijeka. This development is selected as a precedent for creation of the nation-wide PCS to be used also in other cargo ports of national interest, including Split. Further building on this newly gained knowledge and taking into consideration the development of the national PCS model, we explain the inherent characteristics of the Port of Split in terms of traffic evaluation in various port basins. We also provide a comprehensive set of operative guidelines for adjustment of the functional PCS module architecture to be deployed in the Port of Split and serving specific business needs of all identified port cluster’s stakeholders after the initial development in the Port of Rijeka is completed.
Professional Titles for Women Seafarers in the Croatian and Montenegrin Media
Authors: Dževerdanović Pejović Milena
Published: October 2020

This paper aims to present a comparative view of the English and Croatian female maritime ranks aboard ship in the language of media. Regarding the English language, male/masculine forms have also been normative and gender-neutral; in other words, they refer to both genders (pilot, lawyer, captain). However, changes in the society and “embarkation” of women on board masculine professions have been reflected in language changes as well. The female professional titles are derived from the masculine forms. Social changes and gender awareness politics simultaneously took place in both countries, resulting in the rise of women seafarer number on board ships.
This paper presents a review of the comparative analysis of Montenegrin and Croatian texts. The results show that Croatian media use the female titles more frequently and regularly, while in Montenegrin texts their use is somewhat sporadic. The reasons for this are also found in the ethnical picture of the two countries. Montenegrin society still rests on patriarchal values and the authors of the texts prefer using masculine forms as gender-neutral. What is more, the Republic of Croatia accessed the European Union in 2013, and it was undoubtedly required to implement institutional regulations relating to minimizing gender discrimination in the society and public discourse. Finally, it was concluded that linguists and language planners have to differentiate between justified and non-justified use of female forms as they can assume the pejorative meaning.
Need for Legal Regulation of Blockchain and Smart Contracts in the Shipping Industry
Authors: Perkušić Marko , Jozipović Šime , Piplica Damir
Published: October 2020

The paper analyzes the potential impact of blockchain technology and smart contracts on the shipping industry. As the shipping industry represents a complex system of various actions that have to be controlled and registered, blockchain technology could serve as a tool to allow the streamlining of numerous processes, whilst at the same time taking the human factor out of multiple elements where trust between involved parties is an issue. The authors therefore first present how blockchain technology works and what smart contracts are, in order to give an  insight into their applicability in the shipping sector. After a general overview of the technological and legal characteristics of blockchain technology and smart contracts, the authors present examples of relevant subjects, relations, and contracts in the shipping industry. Based on the charter party, a key contract in the shipping industry, the authors present the existing problems which could potentially be solved using blockchain technology. Besides the benefits of blockchain technologies, the authors furthermore point out the existing deficiencies that still make blockchain technology hard to apply in legal relations within the shipping industry. Based on these insights, the authors highlight the current developments in this area and present the existing and expected regulatory reforms of blockchain solutions and smart contracts within the European Union.
Genome streamlining in a minute herbivore that manipulates its host plant
Authors: Greenhalgh Robert , Dermauw Wannes , Glas Joris J , Rombauts Stephane , Wybouw Nicky , Thomas Jainy , Alba Juan M , Pritham Ellen J , Legarrea Saioa , Feyereisen René , Van de Peer Yves , Van Leeuwen Thomas , Clark Richard M , Kant Merijn R
Published: October 2020

The tomato russet mite,Aculops lycopersici,is among the smallest animals on earth. It is a worldwide pest on tomato and can potently suppress the host’s natural resistance. We sequenced its genome, the first of an eriophyoid, and explored whether there are genomic features associated with the mite’s minute size and lifestyle. At only 32.5 Mb, the genome is the smallest yet reported for any arthropod and, reminiscent of microbial eukaryotes, exceptionally streamlined. It has few transposable elements, tiny intergenic regions, and is remarkably intron-poor, as more than 80% of coding genes are intronless. Furthermore, in accordance with ecological specialization theory, this defense-suppressing herbivore has extremely reduced environmental response gene families such as those involved in chemoreception and detoxification. Other losses associate with this species’ highly derived body plan. Our findings accelerate the understanding of evolutionary forces underpinning metazoan life at the limits of small physical and genome size.
Allosteric mechanism for KCNE1 modulation of KCNQ1 potassium channel activation
Authors: Kuenze Georg , Vanoye Carlos G , Desai Reshma R , Adusumilli Sneha , Brewer Kathryn R , Woods Hope , McDonald Eli F , Sanders Charles R , George Alfred L , Meiler Jens
Published: October 2020

The function of the voltage-gated KCNQ1 potassium channel is regulated by co-assembly with KCNE auxiliary subunits. KCNQ1-KCNE1 channels generate the slow delayed rectifier current, IKs, which contributes to the repolarization phase of the cardiac action potential. A three amino acid motif (F57-T58-L59, FTL) in KCNE1 is essential for slow activation of KCNQ1-KCNE1 channels. However, how this motif interacts with KCNQ1 to control its function is unknown. Combining computational modeling with electrophysiological studies, we developed structural models of the KCNQ1-KCNE1 complex that suggest how KCNE1 controls KCNQ1 activation. The FTL motif binds at a cleft between the voltage-sensing and pore domains and appears to affect the channel gate by an allosteric mechanism. Comparison with the KCNQ1-KCNE3 channel structure suggests a common transmembrane-binding mode for different KCNEs and illuminates how specific differences in the interaction of their triplet motifs determine the profound differences in KCNQ1 functional modulation by KCNE1 versus KCNE3.
Cytotoxic T-cells mediate exercise-induced reductions in tumor growth
Authors: Rundqvist Helene , Veliça Pedro , Barbieri Laura , Gameiro Paulo A , Bargiela David , Gojkovic Milos , Mijwel Sara , Reitzner Stefan Markus , Wulliman David , Ahlstedt Emil , Ule Jernej , Östman Arne , Johnson Randall S
Published: October 2020

Exercise has a wide range of systemic effects. In animal models, repeated exertion reduces malignant tumor progression, and clinically, exercise can improve outcome for cancer patients. The etiology of the effects of exercise on tumor progression are unclear, as are the cellular actors involved. We show here that in mice, exercise-induced reduction in tumor growth is dependent on CD8+ T cells, and that metabolites produced in skeletal muscle and excreted into plasma at high levels during exertion in both mice and humans enhance the effector profile of CD8+ T-cells. We found that activated murine CD8+ T cells alter their central carbon metabolism in response to exertion in vivo, and that immune cells from trained mice are more potent antitumor effector cells when transferred into tumor-bearing untrained animals. These data demonstrate that CD8+ T cells are metabolically altered by exercise in a manner that acts to improve their antitumoral efficacy.
Telomerase biogenesis requires a novel Mex67 function and a cytoplasmic association with the Sm7 complex
Authors: Vasianovich Yulia , Bajon Emmanuel , Wellinger Raymund J
Published: October 2020

The templating RNA is the core of the telomerase reverse transcriptase. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the complex life cycle and maturation of telomerase includes a cytoplasmic stage. However, timing and reason for this cytoplasmic passage are poorly understood. Here, we use inducible RNA tagging experiments to show that immediately after transcription, newly synthesized telomerase RNAs undergo one round of nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling. Their export depends entirely on Crm1/Xpo1, whereas re-import is mediated by Kap122 plus redundant, kinetically less efficient import pathways. Strikingly, Mex67 is essential to stabilize newly transcribed RNA before Xpo1-mediated nuclear export. The results further show that the Sm7 complex associates with and stabilizes the telomerase RNA in the cytoplasm and promotes its nuclear re-import. Remarkably, after this cytoplasmic passage, the nuclear stability of telomerase RNA no longer depends on Mex67. These results underscore the utility of inducible RNA tagging and challenge current models of telomerase maturation.
SON and SRRM2 are essential for nuclear speckle formation
Authors: Ilik İbrahim Avşar , Malszycki Michal , Lübke Anna Katharina , Schade Claudia , Meierhofer David , Aktaş Tuğçe
Published: October 2020

Nuclear speckles (NS) are among the most prominent biomolecular condensates. Despite their prevalence, research on the function of NS is virtually restricted to colocalization analyses, since an organizing core, without which NS cannot form, remains unidentified. The monoclonal antibody SC35, raised against a spliceosomal extract, is frequently used to mark NS. Unexpectedly, we found that this antibody was mischaracterized and the main target of SC35 mAb is SRRM2, a spliceosome-associated protein that sharply localizes to NS. Here we show that, the core of NS is likely formed by SON and SRRM2, since depletion of SON leads only to a partial disassembly of NS, while co-depletion of SON and SRRM2 or depletion of SON in a cell-line where intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of SRRM2 are genetically deleted, leads to a near-complete dissolution of NS. This work, therefore, paves the way to study the role of NS under diverse physiological and stress conditions.
Beyond the RNA-dependent function of LncRNA genes
Authors: Ali Tamer , Grote Phillip
Published: October 2020

While long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes have attracted a lot of attention in the last decade, the focus regarding their mechanisms of action has been primarily on the RNA product of these genes. Recent work on several lncRNAs genes demonstrates that not only is the produced RNA species important, but also that transcription of the lncRNA locus alone can have regulatory functions. Like the functions of lncRNA transcripts, the mechanisms that underlie these genome-based functions are varied. Here we highlight some of these examples and provide an outlook on how the functional mechanisms of a lncRNA gene can be determined.
Hydrothermal synthesis of carbon and sulfur mono-doped sodium tantalates
Authors: Karna Sunil , Saunders Christopher , Karna Roma , Guragain Deepa , Mishra Sanjay , Karna Priya
Published: October 2020

A set of experiments was conducted to synthesize doped and undoped sodium tantalates with carbon and sulfur in energy efficient single-step hydrothermal process. Undoped sodium tantalate nanocubes were synthesized at 140 °C and doped one at 180 °C for 12 h in rich alkaline atmosphere. The sizes of undoped, carbon-doped, and sulfur-doped sodium tantalate nanocubes were 38 nm, 45 nm, and 40 nm, respectively. The morphological, elemental, compositional, structural, thermal, and photophysical properties of as-synthesized doped and undoped sodium tantalate (NaTaO3) were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscope (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The sulfur doped NaTaO3 shows a higher photocatalytic activity in degradation of methylene blue than carbon doped and the undoped NaTaO3. The band gaps of undoped NaTaO3, carbon doped c-NaTaO3, and sulfur doped s-NaTaO3 were calculated to be 3.94 eV, 3.8 eV, and 3.52 eV, respectively using Tauc plot.
Operacionalização do PNAE e perfil dos agricultores familiares em Cachoeira do Sul-RS
Authors: Agne Chaiane Leal , Porto Fernanda Refosco
Published: October 2020

A alteração no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, referente à Lei N. 11.947/2009, estabeleceu aos municípios a obrigatoriedade de utilizar 30% dos recursos do FNDE para adquirirem alimentos da agricultura familiar. Apesar dos avanços, investigações podem descrever as mudanças ocorridas na agricultura familiar, especialmente no que diz respeito às suas características sociais e econômicas. A pesquisa que resultou neste artigo teve como objetivo diagnosticar o perfil socioeconômico da agricultura familiar participante do PNAE, em 2018, no município gaúcho de Cachoeira do Sul. Foram realizadas entrevistas junto a 17 famílias com o auxílio de um formulário semiestruturado, composto por variáveis sociais e econômicas. Os depoimentos foram categorizados e complementados com uso da Escala Likert. As famílias participantes têm como principais fontes de renda a agricultura e a agroindústria. O planejamento da produção é feito a partir do cronograma dos contratos e das chamadas públicas. Concluiu-se que o programa resulta em profissionalização e diversificação das fontes de renda para as famílias participantes.
Marcas e place branding na articulação com o desenvolvimento territorial
Authors: Almeida Giovana Goretti Feijó de , Felippi Angela
Published: October 2020

O debate sobre marcas vinculadas aos lugares e sua relação com o desenvolvimento territorial abarca a discussão sobre o posicionamento dos territórios como produtos mercadológicos e a utilização das estratégias de marketing e branding para gerar oportunidades de desenvolvimento, enfatizando o papel do território, do conjunto de atores sociais, das identidades e das potencialidades locais e oportunidades externas. A discussão mobiliza conceitos de território e branding, tomando para análise o caso da marca do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo é compreender como se dá a construção da marca de um território. O estudo é de natureza qualitativa, valendo-se da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A análise parte da proposta de Aaker, que atenta para três momentos na construção de uma marca. Os resultados apontaram para uma marca que se calca na identidade oficial do Estado e se dirigiu a dois distintos públicos, articulando o desenvolvimento territorial através de ações coletivas do Estado e do setor privado do turismo com propósitos voltados ao desenvolvimento econômico e turístico e a manutenção da identidade hegemônica do Rio Grande do Sul.
Amazônia Oriental e Andina segundo o “barômetro da sustentabilidade”: Esmeraldas (Equador) e Bragança (Brasil)
Authors: Erazo Ana Cristina Olives , Lima Aline Maria Meiguins de , Vale Francinelli De Angeli Francisco do , Pimentel Marcia Aparecida da Silva
Published: October 2020

A proposta de desenvolvimento sustentável e sua compreensão demandam métodos que possibilitem sua quantificação e qualificação a partir de indicadores, baseados em diferentes variáveis, estabelecidos para medir a sustentabilidade de um sistema. Este trabalho teve por objetivo aplicar o Barômetro da Sustentabilidade em dois municípios, Bragança (Brasil) e Esmeraldas (Equador), de alta fragilidade ambiental pela sua localização em áreas estuarinas e pela ocorrência de áreas protegidas com a presença de manguezais. Foram selecionados 40 indicadores: 23 sociais, 3 econômicos e 14 ambientais. A avaliação indicou para Bragança a posição “potencialmente insustentável”, enquanto para Esmeraldas um desempenho “intermediário”. A avaliação da dimensão ambiental aponta uma situação de risco para os dois municípios devido ao avanço da alteração da cobertura vegetal nas áreas limites e próximo aos cursos d’água da região.
Capital social e desenvolvimento endógeno no assentamento Itamarati em Ponta Porã-MS
Authors: Brito Aline Robles , Zamberlan Carlos Otávio
Published: October 2020

O objetivo do artigo é analisar as contribuições do capital social dos membros da Cooperativa dos Produtores Rurais do Assentamento Itamarati II para o seu desenvolvimento. Inicialmente, faz-se breve revisão bibliográfica acerca da evolução e importância da agricultura familiar no contexto brasileiro e empreende-se uma análise conceitual ao relacionar as dimensões do capital social com o arcabouço teórico sobre desenvolvimento endógeno. Em seguida, propõe-se uma análise empírica, de natureza quanti-qualitativa, direcionada aos membros da cooperativa, visando complementar com uma análise “teoria-prática”. Para essa etapa, elaborou-se um questionário adaptado para a realidade local, fundamental para nortear entrevistas realizadas em dezembro de 2016. Entre os principais resultados, constatou-se que as atividades da cooperativa têm fomentado: as relações externas do assentamento com a sociedade, por meio do comércio e do abastecimento; as relações internas entre os cooperados, ao desempenhar o papel de “mediadora social”, promovendo ações direcionadas ao bem-estar da coletividade; e o fortalecimento endógeno de um assentamento rural.
Effects of Nutrient Enriched Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Yield and Nutrient Content of Cabbage in Alluvial Soil
Authors: Sultana Marufa , Jahiruddin Mohammad , Islam Mohammad Rafiqul , Rahman Mohammad Mazibur , Abedin Md. Anwarul
Published: October 2020

Composting of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a good option for solid waste recycling, but its use by the farmers is limited because of its very low nutrient status.

Aims: The study aimed at nutrient enrichment of marketed MSW compost by using some organic materials and evaluating the influence of nutrient enriched MSW compost on yield and nutrient content of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.).

Place and Duration of Study: MSW compost amendment, field experiment and nutrient analysis were carried out at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during October 2017 to June 2018.

Methodology: We prepared three types of amended compost by mixing 20% mustard oil cake (MOC), and 30% poultry manure (PM) or cow dung (CD) or sugarcane press mud (SPM) with 50% MSW compost. A liquid culture of Trichoderma viride was inoculated to every type of compost. The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of the amended MSW composts on yield and nutrient content of cabbage (cv. Atlas-70), and on soil fertility. The experimental soil was silt loam having 6.7 pH and 2.79% organic matter; according to Soil Taxonomy it belongs to Aeric Haplaquept under the order Inceptisols.

Results: Based on the yield and nutrient concentration (N, P, K & S) of cabbage, the treatment containing 50% fertilizers + 50% compost mixture (MSW compost + MOC + SPM in a ratio of 5:2:3) demonstrated the best result followed by poultry manure amended compost. Use of the amended composts had residual effects on soil showing an increased N, P, K & S content.

Conclusion: Organic amendment of MSW compost inoculated with Trichoderma is a noble means to increase the nutrient status of marketed MSW compost and improve the soil fertility and crop productivity. The results have significant value in fertilizer management strategies for vegetables cultivation in sub-tropical countries.
Catheter Induced Dissection of Right Coronary Artery during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Case Report
Authors: Kaushik Atul , Patel Surendra , Sharma Jai Bharat , Choudhary Rahul
Published: October 2020

Iatrogenic coronary artery dissections are rare but life-threatening complications which may have different etiologies. These complications should be recognized promptly and must be managed to avoid mortality. We are reporting a case of a 57-year old man who presented to us with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction and developed proximal right coronary dissection while undergoing percutaneous angioplasty through trans radial approach and was managed successfully with immediate rewiring and stenting of the right coronary artery. The patient remained asymptomatic at regular follow up. Coronary angiogram and angioplasty are both invasive procedures which may at times result in iatrogenic complications like catheter induced coronary dissection. Coronary artery dissection may prove fatal at times and should be dealt with immediately with appropriate intervention.
Assessment of Antimicrobial Activities and Toxicological Effects of Green and Red Cultivars of Roselle- Hibiscus sabdariffa L
Authors: Salami Serifat Olatundun , Afolayan Anthony Jide
Published: October 2020

Aims: The use of synthetic antibiotics has been the major way of curing diseases; however, over-use of antibiotics has led to emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains of several groups of microorganisms. This study aimed at examining roselle extracts for antimicrobial properties with a view to providing the best alternative to the injudicious use of synthetic antibiotics and also examines the toxicological effects of roselle extracts.

Methodology: Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of roselle leaves and calyces were evaluated for antimicrobial activity based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) using Broth dilution method. The toxicological effects based on LC50 were also evaluated using Brine shrimp- Artemia salina. Simple percentage was used to determine the mortality rate of the nauplii while the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extracts were determined using MINITAB 17 statistical package (P<0.05). Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation of three replicates.

Results: Roselle calyces, pre-flowering green and flowering red exhibited excellent inhibition to bacteria. Calyces had better antimicrobial activities and higher toxicological effects than the leaves. Green roselle at pre-flowering stage and red flowering were good for antimicrobial screening.

Conclusion: Roselle extracts possessed excellent antibacterial and antifungal properties. These can be explored to develop new drugs, which can suppress the resistant strains. All the plant extracts were greater than 1000 mg/mL, which indicates that they were non-toxic to brine shrimp larvae.
Leukemoid Reaction in a Preterm Infant: Diagnostic Challenge in Resource Poor Setting: A Case Report
Authors: Chukwudi Okoli , Nwaoma Nwaogu , Ifeyinwa Nwafia
Published: October 2020

A preterm neonate delivered at 28 weeks gestation, mother had antenatal steroid. Blood counts showed leukemoid reaction, blood culture, procalcitonin and peripheral blood film was normal. Baby was stabilized in the NICU, recovered and the WBC count done serially showed a downward trend.  The leukemoid reaction was presumed to come from antenatal steroid use. The diagnostic and management challenges encountered in managing the infant in resource constrained environment like ours is presented alongside.
Molecular Mechanism and Role of Translational Values of Heat Shock Protein (HSP27) in Various Disease
Authors: Chaudhary Sameer , Chaudhary Sapana Sameer , Rawat Sakshi , Kaur Savneet , Devi Bogireddy , Ahmad Malik M. , Arshad Zia , Mustafa M. , Jedaie Manie M. Al , Alam Pravej
Published: October 2020

HSP27, also known as HSPB1, was first discovered with a molecular weight 27kDa belonging to the four member gene family. Elevated levels of HSP27 are seen when different unfavorable conditions prevail such as increase in temperature and oxidative stress or exposure to heavy metals or organic solvents. They possess ATP-independent chaperone like activity which helps in maintaining protein homeostasis. It can also form large oligomers (300-600 kDa) containing different numbers of subunits. It is composed of total 205 amino acids. HSP27 undergoes post-translational modifications i.e. phosphorylation thereby converting large oligomers into dimers. It can act as an anti-apoptotic and antioxidant molecule during oxidative stress.  The elevated form of HSP27 is also seen in some cancer belongs to breast, ovary, prostate, brain, colorectal, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung, liver, and cervical regions. Keeping in view of molecular roles of HSP27 signaling in various pathways, we have proposed their translational values in different diseases. In addition, we have also reported the existing scientific data on the HSP27 as the potential cancer biomarker and their therapeutic targets for improved prognosis and treatment in different diseases.
Biochemical and in silico identification of the active site and the catalytic mechanism of the circadian deadenylase HESPERIN
Authors: Beta Rafailia A. A. , Kyritsis Athanasios , Douka Veroniki , Papanastasi Eirini , Rizouli Marianna , Leonidas Demetres D. , Vlachakis Dimitrios , Balatsos Nikolaos A. A.
Published: October 2020

The 24‐h molecular clock is based on the stability of rhythmically expressed transcripts. The shortening of the poly(A) tail of mRNAs is often the first and rate‐limiting step that determines the lifespan of a mRNA and is catalyzed by deadenylases. Herein, we determine the catalytic site of Hesperin, a recently described circadian deadenylase in plants, using a modified site‐directed mutagenesis protocol and a custom vector, pATHRA. To explore the catalytic efficiency of AtHESPERIN, we investigated the effect of AMP and neomycin, and used molecular modeling simulations to propose a catalytic mechanism. Collectively, the biochemical and in silico results classify AtHESPERIN in the exonuclease–endonuclease–phosphatase deadenylase superfamily and contribute to the understanding of the intricate mechanisms of circadian mRNA turnover.
Surface guided imaging during stereotactic radiosurgery with automated delivery
Authors: Covington Elizabeth L. , Stanley Dennis N. , Fiveash John B. , Thomas Evan M. , Marcrom Samuel R. , Bredel Marcus , Willey Christopher D. , Riley Kristen O. , Popple Richard A.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

To report on the use of surface guided imaging during frameless intracranial stereotactic radiotherapy with automated delivery via HyperArcTM (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA).

Methods

All patients received intracranial radiotherapy with HyperArcTM and were monitored for intrafraction motion by the AlignRT® (VisionRT, London, UK) surface imaging (SI) system. Immobilization was with the EncompassTM (Qfix, Avondale, PA) aquaplast mask device. AlignRT® log files were correlated with trajectory log files to correlate treatment parameters with SI reported offsets. SI reported offsets were correlated with gantry angle and analyzed for performance issues at non‐zero couch angles and during camera‐pod blockage during gantry motion. Demographics in the treatment management system were used to identify race and determine if differences in SI reported offsets are due to skin tone settings.

Results

A total of 981 fractions were monitored over 14 months and 819 were analyzed. The median AlignRT® reported motion from beginning to the end of treatment was 0.24 mm. The median offset before beam on at non‐zero couch angles was 0.55 mm. During gantry motion when camera pods are blocked, the median magnitude was below 1 mm. Median magnitude of offsets at non‐zero couch angles was not found to be significantly different for patients stratified by race.

Conclusions

Surface image guidance is a viable alternative to scheduled mid‐treatment imaging for monitoring intrafraction motion during stereotactic radiosurgery with automated delivery.