bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF BOOK GRAPHICS IN KAZAKHSTAN AT THE CURRENT STAGE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF A CHILDREN'S BOOK)
Authors:   Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, museologist, ICOM member, Professor at T.K. Zhurgenov Kazakh National Academy of ArtsAlmaty, Kazakhstan, Mussakhanova M. , Mussakhanova Zh. ,   Master of Science, lecturer at Almaty Technological UniversityAlmaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

This article discusses the problems of book graphics using the example of a children's book. The methodological basis of the research has been the work of scientists on book graphics, illustrations for children's books, collections of scientific papers on various aspects of the problem under study, catalogs of exhibitions of book graphics, as well as the results of a sociological survey. Research hypothesis: if book graphics, being a synthetic form of art, has an educational and educational potential of influencing the formation of a personality in childhood, then this particular type of visual art is one of the most important educational tools, as well as the most widespread and accessible, which in turn leads to its greatest popularity in society.
THE PROBLEM OF EDUCATING ACTORS AND DIRECTORS IN THE PROFESSION THROUGH THE INTERACTION OF WORDS IN THE PROCESS OF READING TEXTS
Authors:   Kazakh National Academy of Arts named after T.K.Zhurgenov, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Semeiova А. , Khozamberdiyev O. ,   Kazakh National Academy of Arts named after T.K.Zhurgenov, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article examines the problem of professional training of actors and directors through verbal action in the process of reading a text. Verbal action is a popular concept among many teachers of stage language and acting. The pedagogical education of the individuality of each student in the process of reading the text through verbal influence raises the problem of the relationship between his knowledge and further professional development. The system of progressive study of theoretical concepts of different levels of complexity allows future actors and directors to easily reveal the stylistic nature of the text and develop language techniques based on the optimal level of their development and personal orientation.
LINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL COMPETENCE
Authors:   South-Kazakhstan university named after M.Auezov, Shymkent, Kazakhstan, Koishibaeva N. , Esim U. ,   South-Kazakhstan university named after M.Auezov, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

Today, it is known that the assimilation of information by primary school students according to the Internet and television is growing rapidly. This shows the need for quality development of children's language competencies.Therefore, the work on the formation of linguistic competence has a special place among the several competencies given to students in the process of educating the younger generation. One should note here that children with language and cultural competencies learn to communicate with each other in a complete, smooth and artistic way and share ideas. And they create sentences without repeating words using interconnected phrases . Also, students enrich their vocabulary-stock, expand world view and it creates full conditions for the formation of personality. What is more, it gives to practice a language communication and apply the acquired knowledge in their life.
LINGUODIDACTIC FEATURES OF TEACHING LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL ASPECTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Authors:   Pavlodar Pedagogical University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan, Kulakhmetova M.
Published: June 2021

Possession of general humanitarian knowledge of a linguistic and cultural nature has a huge impact on the successful possession of a foreign language culture, which is based on a skill that is complex, high-ordered, and integrative in nature. Foreign language education has four aspects each of which is specific. The integrative ability to master a foreign language culture is based on four skills: the cognitive aspect that is the ability to use the assigned foreign culture in its dialogue with the native; the educational aspect, which contains the ability to communicate through all types of speech activity, developing and educational aspects. Integrative ability to own a foreign language culture, that is, linguistic and cultural knowledge includes General humanitarian knowledge, skills, abilities, and readiness for a dialogue of cultures, emotional, sensory and intellectual sphere of a person. This is a universal skill. This article discusses th
EFFICIENCY OF ETHNOPSYCHOLINGUISTIC APPROACHES IN TEACHING ETHNO-CULTURAL UNITS
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty , Kazakhstan, Rakhmetova R. , Nazarbekova A. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty , Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article proposes a methodology for teaching ethnocultural units. The parameters and distinctive features of ethnocultural units and linguocultural units have been determined. Ethnocultural units differ in ethnopsycholinguistic principles. According to the laws of ethnopsycholinguistics, they are determined by the direction of ethnocentrism, i.e. acculturation of interethnic cultures, the formation of a cultural community. And also, the vitality of ethnocultural values is determined by the relevance of preserving the ethnodifferentiating attribute of ethnoculture. The article analyzes the culture of communication of an ethnic group as a system of historically formed psychological means of communicative (sign) activity, characteristic of a given people. The possibilities of a semiotic approach to the study of both the structure and internal psychological mechanisms of the culture of communication of an ethnos are analyzed. The need to intensify domestic psychological science in the study of ethnocultural and cultural-psychological characteristics of communication is emphasized.
THE PLACE OF TV JOURNALISM TERMS IN THE MODERN KAZAKH LANGUAGE
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Mambetoba M. , Taubaldiyev M. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article gives a brief overview of the period of formation of the Kazakh television journalism, tells about the state of the names given to scientific concepts in this field. The current language problems of modern electronic media, including Kazakh television journalism, will be discussed. Examples of some indistinguishable, illogically formulated terms of Kazakh television, which has more than sixty years of history, and the opinions of television industry professionals and foreign scientists on this issue are given. The terminological problems of the Kazakh TV journalism are analyzed. An overview of the conclusions of scientists, formed in the scientific community to this day, is given by the terms.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Sultanbayeva G. , Lozhnikovа O. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

This research presents the results of a sociological study on the media behavior of the adult population of Kazakhstan. The aim of the research is to identify the specifics of media consumption of digital technologies and media preferences of the adult population. The main task of our empirical research is to determine the mechanism of access to the main technical means, and the media behavior of active users. The research methodology includes quantitative and qualitative methods: a survey among the target group, sampling over 2500 respondents from all regions of Kazakhstan. We conclude that three quarters of the respondents will use three main channels: television, informal channels and Internet resources. Currently, there is a preserved tradition of formalized passive perception of information through television. The results of the study can be used in applied work in media marketing and digital business.
Homeopathic Treatment of Trauma, Abscess and Papillomatosis in Trachemys dorbigni
Authors: Scardoeli Bruna , Narita Francine Brait , Pinheiro Sônia Regina , Von Ancken Adalberto , Coelho Cidéli de Paula
Published: June 2021

Background Mechanical trauma, bacterial and viral infections are common in Trachemys dorbigni when in captivity. Aims Report the evolution of homeopathic treatment in a patient of Trachemys dorbigni species. Methodology Homeopathic treatment was chosen, based on the principle of similitude, using Arnica montana due to its anti-inflammatory action, Avena sativa for the physical fatigue; Silicea to act in suppurative processes and Thuya occidentalis in papillomatosis. Results On 22/11/2018, with 1 month old, 6g, it presented lethargy, hyporexia, locomotor difficulty due to edema and necrotic process in the right anterior limb, presenting bad prognosis and possible limb loss. The protocol was 2 globules of Arnica montana 6CH, diluted in the contact water, every 8 hours, for 7 days and 2 globules of Avena sativa 6CH, every 12 hours, for 5 days. After 7 days, it was observed that the patient was active, normoretic, with weight gain and decreased edema and necrotic process of the right anterior limb, ruling out the amputation. On 29/12/2018, the patient presented a rigid abscess in the right cervical region, that adopted protocol with a single dose of 2 globules of Silicea 6CH and 2 globules of Arnica montana 6CH, diluted in the contact water, every 24 hours, for 4 days, until the return on 02/01/2019, with the complete regression. On 13/01/2019, it presented papillomas and plastron infection, which the proposed treatment was constituted with administration of 2 globules of Thuya occidentalis 12CH, diluted in the contact water, every 24 hours for 3 days, with total remission of the lesions occurring in 3 days. Conclusion Mechanical trauma, bacterial and viral infections can be controlled by homeopathic medicaments without the administration of antibiotic or surgeries, being fast, less harmful and with an affordable economic value.
Gelsemium effect against nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia
Authors: Boujedaini Naoual , Meyer Laurence , Patte-Mensah Christine , Mensah-Nyagan Ayikoe Guy
Published: June 2021

Background Gelsemium dilutions are prescribed for their anxiolytic and its analgesic effects. Investigations using alkaloids isolated from Gelsemium support the hypothesis of Gelsemium-induced analgesia. Aims We evaluated the antinociceptive effect of Gelsemium dilutions 3, 5 and 9C in neuropathic models. Methodology To investigate the potential effect of Gelsemium dilutions 3, 5 and 9C to prevent or to correct sciatic nerve chronic constriction (CCI) injury, we used the von-Frey hair behavioral test. CCI-induced neuropathic pain in rats represents characteristic painful behaviors like hyperalgesia and allodynia, thus validating its suitability for the evaluation of anti-neuropathic drugs. To test the corrective effect, Gelsemium 3, 5 or 9 C or placebo were administered from Day 14 after sciatic nerve ligation, i.e., when neuropathic symptoms were observed. In the preventive strategy, Gelsemium dilutions and placebo began immediately after the sciatic nerve ligation (D0). Results and discussion We observed that in placebo groups, the mechanical-sensitivity thresholds remained unchanged all treatment days whereas Gelsemium dilutions 3C and 5C exerted a strong or moderate antinociceptive effect, respectively. In CCI-rats, the contralateral paw of placebo-treated animals did not respond to 4g non-noxious stimulation but the ipsilateral responses increased progressively (0%-D0, 52%-D14, 72%-D21 and 88%-D28), confirming the occurrence of allodynia. Gelsemium dilution 3C corrective and preventive treatments efficiently reduced the allodynic responses (72-to-38%-D21 and 88-to-22%-D28). Gelsemium 5C also exhibited significant anti-allodynic action while Gelsemium 9C was ineffective. Similarly, one week treatment with Gelsemium 3 or 5C efficiently reduced 15g or 26g-evoked hyperalgesia and the beneficial action improved after 2 weeks. Chronic therapies with current analgesics induce several side-effects. Conclusion The present work, suggest that Gelsemium dilutions devoid of toxicity and used as anxiolytic in humans induced analgesia, opens interesting/alternative perspectives for long-term management of pain without undesirable effects.
Paleolithic Women’s Spirituality and its Relevance to us Today
Authors: Lindhard Tina
Published: June 2021

In this paper, I consider Paleolithic women's spirituality as expressed through various aspects of their artwork found in the caves of Spain and the ‘Venus figurines and suggest these icons may be seen as an attempt by some of early these women artists to translate their own inner experiences and insights cataphatically, and thereby reconcile the tension between the image-less I experience ineffable transcendence using didactic expression grounded in images. This method was used later by the Spanish mystic Santa Teresa, who clearly felt the mystery needs to be related to personally; it is not an abstract mystery, but a mystery that is alive, that vibrates through us and is what animates every cell in our body; we are an embodiment of this living mystery. Whereas in the 16 Century it was normal for Teressa to consider the mystery as God, it was most likely customary for Paleolithic women to think of the mystery as the Universal or Great Mother, an insight some of them probably arrived at through analogy with the creative force expressing itself through their pregnant bodies. Whereas Santa Teresa employed images that meant something to the people living during her time, these ancient women probably did the same. From this perspective, their artwork may be seen as pointers to this 'entity' or mystery, which, is both immanent in creation and at the same time is beyond duality and all definitions. Here, I also submit that they probably realized the creative aspect of the enigma through their pregnancies, and, in their death, they recognized it as the destructive or dark phase in the cycle of life that is so necessary for ‘rebirth’ to occur, and, in its expression through celestial events, they probably celebrated it through their rituals and their pilgrimages which took place at specific times of the year.
Henri-Dominique Lacordaire in the Canadian ultramontane philosophy
Authors: Cherygova Anastasiia
Published: June 2021

When the ultramontane bishop of Saint-Hyacinthe in Canada invited the French Dominicans to his diocese, he requested help from their leader, another French-speaking ultramontane, Reverend Father Henri-Dominique Lacordaire, O.P., who restored the Dominican Order in France after a long ban on religious orders. However, there seemed to have been a paradox at the heart of this invitation. Lacordaire was an extremely controversial figure in both secular and Catholic French circles, mostly due to his rocky relationships with the French episcopacy, his unconventional preaching style and especially his political opinions, including his admiration for republicanism and the Anglo-American political system. Theoretically, all this would put him at odds with Canadian ultramontanes. They were rather opposed to the growing politically liberal forces in Canada specifically and to the Anglo-American politico-philosophical system in general. So why would Canadian ultramontanes ask help from a man so seemingly different from them politically? Our hypothesis is that what united Lacordaire and Canadian ultramontanes was more significant than what divided them - notably, both parties were concerned about opposition to Catholicism coming from State officials, as well as about the menace of irreligion among the growing bourgeois class. Therefore, both were keenly interested in advancing the cause of Catholic education to combat these worries. To prove our hypothesis we would employ methodology based on personal writings and biographical accounts of actors involved in the arrival of Dominicans to Canada, as well as on historical analysis effectuated on connected topics, like the ultramontane scene in Canada, French missionary activity in North America, etc.
Saint Clement’s debate on Time and Eternity as a manifest for the Postmodern Spirituality
Authors: Vlădescu Ionuț
Published: June 2021

"This paper wants to be an answer to nowadays’ paradigm of thinking. Contemporary views in the philosophy of time are traditionally categorized into presentism, (live the moment) which regards only the present as real and eternal, and assigns present reality equally to the past, present, and future. As we will notes in the paper the patristic debate of time and eternity provides a very close answer as modern thinking time philosophy to the questions: What is time? What is eternity? Both answered are considering “Today” as crucial bud the patristic view of “Today” as ontological salvation and the modern view consider “Today” hedonistic.
Time is given to the world only as a fleeting interval to prepare it for perfection and unchanged in eternal life. But this situation of the world in time, or its endowment with change in the review of perfection, implies that it is not of any fundamental essence or any other essence, for, in this case, it could not move towards perfection, but is created from nothing, by a personal Creator forever perfected, who planted her aspiration for him through its perfection of His power, or from the ever-increasing communion with Him.
The Christian approach of time philosophy is the answer to the lost soul’s spirituality, scared by the temporal events of life like Covid 19."
"Love Thy Neighbor" - A Missiological Mandate
Authors: Soritau Ilie
Published: June 2021

Persecution and discrimination is an everyday activity. Among the persecuted and the discriminated are the blacks and also the Roma, known in other places by the name gypsies. In the United States and other parts of the world, the whites are persecuting and discriminating against blacks but, in Europe, whites are persecuting and discriminating against the Roma people. Unfortunately, to this day, the Roma people are considered still to be of a lower class or, even worse, a more inferior human being. It is a shame to live in a society that considers itself to be one of peace and unity and to accept these things and allowing them to take place. In this article, special attention will be given to the persecutions and discriminations that the Roma people were facing. Then a descriptive analysis of their contributions and influences on many nations at different times and dates and, in the end, an attempt to best present solutions for such things to cease. In particular, how the churches and humanity will apply it to their ministries and life for the persecution and discrimination of these people to stop and for reconciliation to take place. It is time to move from theory to practice.
Spiritual and Scientific Inquiry as ways the East and the West have sought to understand the nature of Reality
Authors: Arka Srinivas
Published: June 2021

Western and Eastern philosophical cultures have different perspectives on inquiring about the nature of reality. These influences have shaped the approach to what qualifies as science in the West and Spiritual Inquiry in the East. These perspectives are intimately related to the topic of the reliability of scientific theories and spiritual inquiry and the ultimate purpose of both approaches. This paper mainly examines whether there is something to be gained from an Eastern way of thought and presents its benefits given that our current science has largely been influenced by Western thought. However, any evaluation of both perspectives must also contemplate how future science may be advanced by incorporating these complementary approaches.
Nonlocal Consciousness and the Anthropology of Religion
Authors: Schwartz Stephan A.
Published: June 2021

"Most discussions of religion center on dogmas and beliefs, either of a particular religion or a comparison across denomina- tions. I would like to look at religion from the perspective of a consciousness experimentalist, setting aside the dogmas and beliefs.
When I look at religion, any religion, as an experimentalist, what I see is a cohort of people consensually holding a world- view. The process of assembling the cohort seems to me very much like Thomas Kuhn’s description of the paradigm process. The paradigm in religion is defined by scripture and dogma. The paradigms differ in many ways but they all have one thing in common. All are centered on the aspect of consciousness that in science we call nonlocal, and that is now being explicitly researched in near death studies, therapeutic intention work, and remote viewing. For me what is perhaps most interesting of all in studying both religions and the science of consciousness is that this is one of history’s great confluences, the practices of the religion and the practices of science have found common ground, and reached the same conclusions."
The consequences of the pandemic. Possible strategies for the revitalization of urban space. Case study in Posillipo, Naples: the Pilot Settlement in Torre Ranieri
Authors: Gioia Ilenia
Published: June 2021

This contribution underlines the conditions in which we are living, as a consequence of the pandemic events that have impacted the whole world. It is also intended to discuss possible strategies to be adopted for territorial, economic and social revitalization. Many companies have developed research and examples useful to the revaluation of the spaces of the city and that suggest the areas in which to invest to achieve this goal. It is also addressed the issue of the resilient periphery, a topic that has become extremely current if you try to consider the virus positively as a catalyst for opportunities. Speaking of the periphery, the example of a residential complex in Posillipo, Italy, is examined. An avant-garde project in a residential context in which, to this day, despite the many qualities of the neighborhood, its shortcomings are strongly felt: services not easily accessible, absent transportation, etc. In conclusion, having suggested the possible strategies and approaches to be adopted, it is hoped that with the funds made available, the idea of territorial recovery and enhancement can really become a reality.
Time and Eternity in Origen’s Thinking as Work Paradigm of Thought for Contemporary Society
Authors: Vlădescu Ionuț
Published: June 2021

"Time has always been one of the top priorities and permanent concerns of humanity. It is a controversial and difficult subject to the frame by the philosophers of Antiquity and by the scientists of our day. The problem of defining time has raised questions about the essence, origin, content, meaning and value of time. Studies of Time represent a complex and ever-actual subject. Over time, different attempts to define time have been made, all referring only to a certain kind of time and not to time itself.
In this regard, Solomon Marcus said the following: “As easily as we intuit it, as difficult as we conceptualize it, no one has been able to define it”[1], showing the difficulty of trying to define this strange impenetrable category. Thus, people know how to quantify the time elapsed between two events, but they do not know how to define it or explain time as a “moment.”[2] To live time is natural and easy, but when it is meant to be questioned and discussed, it turns into a misleading, imprecise, even more complex matter. “Even the modern attempts of time measurement, which today seems to us to be a common fact, has a history of the most complicated and contradictory thinking “[3].
The questions: what is time? and does Eternity exist? remain the main work paradigm of thought for Contemporary Society."
Ethnographic Research of the use of Music in Healing as a Cultural Phenomenon in Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality, Limpopo Province in South Africa
Authors: Lebaka Morakeng Edward Kenneth
Published: June 2021

This study investigates the relationship between music and healing in the African context, as well as the relationship between music, culture, and identity. Since the traditional approach to music-making makes it a part of the institutional life of the Bapedi community, among the Bapedi people, the music itself was and is thought to enable communication with the living-dead, often inducing ancestral spirit possession, ‘causing the spirits to descend’. We observe in this study how traditional healers in the Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality express their emotions through music, and how they use music for regulating their emotions during malopo religious rituals. The main goal of the study was to examine how these emotions relate to traditional healers’ mental health and wellbeing. A range of data collection and analysis were employed in this study. The research employed a naturalistic approach and the primary source for data collection was oral interviews. The data was collected through video recordings of malopo religious rituals, interviews, and observations. Relationships between music, expression, and movement, as well as music, culture, and identity were elucidated. The results have demonstrated that during the dance itself, the healing power of the dance, is shown by both the trainees and their traditional healers, for example, during malopo ritual, after reaching a state of trance, they become spiritually healed. Villagers who witnessed the dance and participated only as an audience, also indicated a feeling of wellbeing after participating in the malopo ritual. The study has revealed that music is an integral part of the Bapedi culture and heritage. Furthermore, it was found that malopo ritual is a performance for appeasing possessing ancestral spirits such as those of the traditional healers and their trainees, which may cause illness if displeased, but on the other hand, may empower the traditional healers to execute the healing process. The research suggests that malopo ritual binds the people to their ancestors (the ancestral realm) and also provides healing therapy. Songs are sung and recited in order to create harmony between the living and the living-dead.
The significance of Prayer and its healing power. Or, playing Go with God
Authors: Ciocan Tudor-Cosmin
Published: June 2021

All the religious traditions raise endless prayers for living aids, those spread all over human lives. Without the hope that in all our needs and trials we have ‘someone’ to second us, so powerful that can help us overcome anything that stands in our path (more accurate 'against our wish'), most religious traditions would not be given any consideration, for humans become religious mostly when falling into a trial of life. By this hope religiousness flourishes and religious offer develops. Still, there is another way of considering prayer, one of spiritual becoming, diverse, and at the same time equally tender. It doesn’t offer goods, or aids, or anything specific, instead, it is professed by many spiritual persons that stood in the divine’s company. Theologians call it apophasis, spiritualists call it contemplation. Non-believers assert that the ‘responses’ of prayers followed by the ‘altering’ of reality is merely a mental projection, a Placebo effect of believing in prayer’s effect, or even just a mere coincidence. Either way, we need to learn prayer’s genuine significance and what it really provides. As for the subtitle, it is an allusion to the ancient game of Go whose main skill is to 'know' in advance tens, hundreds, or even infinite moving variables with their follow-ups, so you can be prepared and have a prepared answer every time to any move the teammate would make.
The Christian-Orthodox teaching about fasting in St. John Chrysostom’s work
Authors: Miron Vasile
Published: June 2021

Attempting to present the teaching of St. John Chrysostom about fasting, we must specify from the very beginning that this holy father does not ascribe the fasting a medical and culinary meaning, in the sense of diet change or variation of foods, but a spiritual meaning. In the spiritual sense, fasting is not a mere moral exercise of willpower and control of the physical passions and urges, but a freely accepted sacrifice out of love and respect to God. The man who loves God is happy to offer Him this sacrifice, which consists of renouncing food, drink and amusement, games, and, first and foremost sin. Such a believer does not darken his face but maintains his good mood, showing people the joy emerging from fasting, because naturally, anyone feels joy when he makes an act of charity and sacrifice for the person he loves, for God who is love (I John, IV, 16). And the sacrifice from love is discrete, it wants to remain unknown to others. This sacrifice for God is a fountain of indescribable gifts for each faster. Fasting is the abstinence of all urges, all senses, all physical impulses so that you can hear God, so you can feel God in your heart. This is fasting according to St. John Chrysostom: a process of purification of body and soul, so that God may dwell in our being. Fasting is the discipline that makes the life of Christ blossom within us.
Impact of increased resolution on long-standing biases in HighResMIP-PRIMAVERA climate models
Authors: Moreno-Chamarro Eduardo , Caron Louis-Philippe , Loosveldt Tomas Saskia , Gutjahr Oliver , Moine Marie-Pierre , Putrasahan Dian , Roberts Christopher D. , Roberts Malcolm J. , Senan Retish , Terray Laurent , Tourigny Etienne , Vidale Pier Luigi
Published: June 2021

Abstract. We examine the impacts of increased resolution on four long-standing biases using five different climate models developed within the PRIMAVERA project. Atmospheric resolution is increased from ~100–200 km to ~25–50 km, and ocean resolution is increased from ~1° (i.e., eddy-parametrized) to ~0.25° (i.e., eddy-present). For one model, ocean resolution is also increased to 1/12° (i.e., eddy-rich). Fully-coupled general circulation models and their atmosphere-only versions are compared with observations and reanalysis of near-surface temperature, precipitation, cloud cover, net cloud radiative effect, and zonal wind over the period 1980–2014. Both the ensemble mean and individual models are analyzed. Increased resolution especially in the atmosphere helps reduce the surface warm bias over the tropical upwelling regions in the coupled models, with further improvements in the cloud cover and precipitation biases particularly over the tropical South Atlantic. Related to this and to the improvement in the precipitation distribution over the western tropical Pacific, the double Intertropical Convergence Zone bias also weakens with resolution. Overall, increased ocean resolution from ~1° to ~0.25° offers limited improvements or even bias degradation in some models, although an eddy-rich ocean resolution seems beneficial for reducing the biases in North Atlantic temperatures and Gulf Stream path. Despite the improvements, however, large biases in precipitation and cloud cover persist over the whole tropics as well as in the upper-troposphere zonal winds at mid-latitudes in coupled and atmosphere-only models at higher resolutions. The Southern Ocean warm bias also worsens or persists in some coupled models. And a new warm bias emerges in the Labrador Sea in all the high-resolution coupled models. The analysis of the PRIMAVERA models therefore suggests that, to reduce biases, i) increased atmosphere resolution up to ~25–50 km alone might not be sufficient and ii) an eddy-rich ocean resolution might be needed. The study thus adds to evidence that further improved model physics and tuning might be necessary in addition to increased resolution to mitigate biases.
EVALUATION OF SAR TO OPTICAL IMAGE TRANSLATION USING CONDITIONAL GENERATIVE ADVERSARIAL NETWORK FOR CLOUD REMOVAL IN A CROP DATASET
Authors: Christovam L. E. , Shimabukuro M. H. , Galo M. L. B. T. , Honkavaara E.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Most methods developed to map crop fields with high-quality are based on optical image time-series. However, often accuracy of these approaches is deteriorated due to clouds and cloud shadows, which can decrease the availably of optical data required to represent crop phenological stages. In this sense, the objective of this study was to implement and evaluate the conditional Generative Adversarial Network (cGAN) that has been indicated as a potential tool to address the cloud and cloud shadow removal; we also compared it with the Witthaker Smother (WS), which is a well-known data cleaning algorithm. The dataset used to train and assess the methods was the Luis Eduardo Magalhães benchmark for tropical agricultural remote sensing applications. We selected one MSI/Sentinel-2 and C-SAR/Sentinel-1 image pair taken in days as close as possible. A total of 5000 image pair patches were generated to train the cGAN model, which was used to derive synthetic optical pixels for a testing area. Visual analysis, spectral behaviour comparison, and classification were used to evaluate and compare the pixels generated with the cGAN and WS against the pixel values from the real image. The cGAN provided consistent pixel values for most crop types in comparison to the real pixel values and outperformed the WS significantly. The results indicated that the cGAN has potential to fill cloud and cloud shadow gaps in optical image time-series.
DEFORESTATION DETECTION IN THE AMAZON RAINFOREST WITH
SPATIAL AND CHANNEL ATTENTION MECHANISMS
Authors: Tovar P. , Adarme M. O. , Feitosa R. Q.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Deforestation in the Amazon rainforest is an alarming problem of global interest. Environmental impacts of this process are countless, but probably the most significant concerns regard the increase in CO2 emissions and global temperature rise. Currently, the assessment of deforested areas in the Amazon region is a manual task, where people analyse multiple satellite images to quantify the deforestation. We propose a method for automatic deforestation detection based on Deep Learning Neural Networks with dual-attention mechanisms. We employed a siamese architecture to detect deforestation changes between optical images in 2018 and 2019. Experiments were performed to evaluate the relevance and sensitivity of hyperparameter tuning of the loss function and the effects of dual-attention mechanisms (spatial and channel) in predicting deforestation. Experimental results suggest that a proper tuning of the loss function might bring benefits in terms of generalisation. We also show that the spatial attention mechanism is more relevant for deforestation detection than the channel attention mechanism. When both mechanisms are combined, the greatest improvements are found, and we reported an increase of 1.06% in the mean average precision over a baseline.
USING SYSTEMS OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED DATA PROCESSING TO BUILD HYDROLOGICAL MODELS BASED ON REMOTE SENSING DATA
Authors: Kolesnikov A. A. , Kikin P. M. , Panidi E. A. , Rusina A. G.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The article describes the possibilities and advantages of using distributed systems in the processing and analysis of remote sensing data. The preparation and processing of various types of remote sensing data (multispectral satellite images, values of climatic indicators, elevation data), which will then be used to build a simulation model of a hydroelectric power plant, was chosen as the basic task for testing the chosen approach. The existing approaches with distributed processing of spatial data of various types (vector cartographic objects, raster data, point clouds, graphs) are analyzed. The description of the developed approach is given and the rationale for the choice of its components is made. The preprocessing operations that were performed on the used raster data are described. An approach to the problems of raster data segmentation based on libraries for distributed machine learning is considered. Comparison of the speed of working with data for various algorithms of machine learning and processing is given.
ASSESSMENT OF SOME METEOROLOGY DATA OF AVERAGE MONTHLY AIR TEMPERATURE OVER MONGOLIA USING DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL (DEM) AND GIS TECHNIQUES
Authors: Natsagdorj B. , Dalantai S. , Sumiya E. , Bao Y. , Bayarsaikhan S. , Batsaikhan B. , Ganbat D.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The climate of Mongolia is a harsh continental climate with four distinctive seasons, high annual and diurnal temperature fluctuations, and low rainfall. Because of the country’s high altitude, it is generally colder than that of other countries in the same latitude. This study focuses on evaluating the suitability of two interpolation methods in terms of their accuracy at the air temperature data in Mongolia. Four data sets of air temperature from 1982 to 2019 in 60 meteorological stations located in Mongolia and elaborated from a 90 m resolution digital elevation model (DEM), latitude and longitude using two interpolation methods. ArcGIS is used to produce the spatially distributed air temperature data by using IDW and ordinary kriging. Three statistical methods are multiple regression, RMSE and bias, which showed that the IDW the best for this data from other methods by the results that have been obtained. Statistics on the latitude, longitude and surface elevation of each of the 37 years in Mongolia at 60 meteorological stations have been statistically valid with dependent coefficients at 95–99.9%. As the average air temperature, recorded at the meteorological stations, had a statistical correlation of −0.606 with latitude, 0.295 with longitude, and −0.432 with altitude, a multiple regression equation was developed and a highly accurate map for long terms air temperature covering 1982–2019 using interpolation IDW and Kriging method. Also, the highest RMSE value for maps used IDW was 1.38 while the lowest and average values were 0.03 and 0.44, respectively, and the highest bias was 1.21, lowest 0.95, and average 1.01. As opposed to, highest RMSE value for maps that used Kriging, was 6.16, lowest 0.27 and average 1.08 while highest bias was 1.29 and lowest was 0.85, with 1.01 as average. This demonstrates that IDW offers much better accuracy as opposed to Kriging and shows less bias errors. When the air temperature map that used the IDW method is compared against the meteorological station data the significance was 0.98 and when compared against ERA5 model results, significance was 0.95 showing strong statistical significance. Also, a comparison of air temperature map, processed by Kriging method and the meteorological station data shows 0.97 statistical significance, and comparison with ERA5 model shows (validation) 0.94 significance, which is very high. The mean value of the calculated temperature regression model in Mongolia and the root mean square error 0.02–0.09 for each station indicates that the estimation method is good and can be used in the future.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, POLLUTION, AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL IN INDUSTRIAL AREA SOILS OF ULAANBAATAR, MONGOLIA
Authors: Oyunbat P. , Batkhishig O. , Batsaikhan B. , Lehmkuhl F. , Knippertz M. , Nottebaum V.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The heavy metal pollution of urban soil of industrial area and its impact on human healths becoming one of the environmental problems in Ulaanbaatar city of Mongolia. The purpose of this study was to determine spatial distribution and health risk of heavy metal pollution in soils surrounding area of leather processing factory and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of Ulaanbaatar city. Mapping the spatial distribution of contaminants in soils is the basis of pollution evaluation and risk control. Interpolation methods are extensively applied in the mapping processes to estimate the heavy metal (As, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu) concentrations of topsoils. The average concentrations of Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu and As were 1986.9, 110.5, 111.0, 110.5, 53.5, 16.4 mg/kg, respectively. According to result as the soil pollution index with spatial distribution, a high pollution level for Cr while Zn, Cu and Pb have medium pollution levels. The soil pollution index (PI) values of heavy metals of study areas are, following descending orders Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Ni. The potential ecological risk of Cr, Cu, Pb, As indicated high ecological risk in the study area. The Hazard index values for almost all the metals were higher than 1, it is indicating a carcinogenic risk for children and adults. The risk index values of two metals (Cr, As) were contribute to a higher risk of development of cancer in humans. Heavy metal contamination can occur when soil particles are swept away from the initial pollution areas by the wind. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to reduce soil pollution and encourage rehabilitation.
INTEGRATION OF DATA OF THE REMOTE SENSING, GIS, AND GAMMA-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS TO STUDY SOIL MATERIAL REDISTRIBUTION
Authors: Trofimetz L. N. , Kolesnikov A. A. , Panidi E. A. , Kikin P. M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The paper discusses a problem of complex data application when accounting erosion network elements to study soil runoff and soil material redistribution on arable slopes. It is needed to estimate and account contribution of microrelief landforms to the sediment (washed out soil material) redistribution on arable areas to enhance accuracy of estimation of the soil runoff and accumulation. However, microrelief landforms are hardly detected on topographic maps and plans used traditionally in land management. For example, temporary streams formed in plowing furrows (in the case of along-slope plowing) can be detected only when survey and soil sampling data are attracted, or (partially) using remote sensing data.Due to such a context, we discover integrated analysis of map data (digital maps represented and processed in GIS environment), data of gamma-spectrometric analysis of the soil samples, and very high resolution satellite imagery, which is aimed onto detection of the role of stable and dynamically changing microrelief landforms in soil material redistribution.
SIDEWALK DETECTION AND PAVEMENT CHARACTERISATION IN HISTORIC URBAN ENVIRONMENTS FROM POINT CLOUDS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors: Treccani D. , Díaz-Vilariño L. , Adami A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The definition of physical accessibility in urban environments is a topic of recognized importance by policy makers and by international organizations. A first step to address the accessibility topic is the definition and characterisation of urban elements, like sidewalks, roads, and ramps. Sidewalk inventory plays a crucial role in this phase. In literature there are several ways to extract sidewalks from a point cloud, but they are all tailored on modern and standardized situations. For example the presence of a curb is assumed as the normality and the roads are supposed to have the same width along the path. When dealing with an Urban Heritage, some difficulties arise. In fact, in an historic urban environment ground irregularities should be taken in consideration: the paving is composed by different materials, curbs are not always present, and a Z difference between road and sidewalks is not so sure. In such cases existing methodologies cannot be applied. This paper present a method to semantically segment a point cloud, labelling sidewalks and roads. Sidewalks are also characterized by detecting their pavings. The method is tested on an Urban Heritage: the Unesco site of Sabbioneta, in northern Italy. The results are promising, sidewalks are detected with a precision of 80%, main errors are in corner areas. Paving characterisation is based on thresholds derived from some samples, and the method shows an high precision (more than 90%) in all the pavings considered.
SPATIAL-TEMPORAL CHANGES OF LAND DEGRADATION CAUSED BY NATURAL AND HUMAN INDUCED FACTORS: CASE STUDY OF BULGAN PROVINCE IN CENTRAL MONGOLIA
Authors: Dalantai S. , Sumiya E. , Bao Y. , Otgonbayar M. , Mandakh U. , Batsaikhan B. , Natsagdorj B.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Land degradation and desertification have been ranked as a major environmental issue for arid and semi-arid regions is a comprehensive concept that depends on many factors. Detecting early land degradation is a significant issue of social and environmental with geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing methods has been used for the interpretation of spatial-temporal data. In this study, the assessment of the current state of land degradation is influenced by several complexes of the natural and anthropological causes. The results of land degradation assessment carried out for Bulgan province of Mongolia using multi-temporal resourced data as climate condition (vegetation growing season of temperature and precipitation), land use type (density of seasonal camps of herder households, roads, cropland, settlements) and MODIS vegetation product data were used to estimate land degradation change period from 2000 to 2018 and accessed it’s for effecting on degradation over last 19 years. We obtained a prediction of land degradation integrated with indicators and based on the spatial pattern of human influence. One of the main indicators for land degradation was land use type as pasture usage of livestock husbandry in Bulgan province, overgrazing is the most widespread cause of land degradation, particularly around permanent location of herders and livestock affecting about moderately and slightly degraded land is 72.78% of study total area.
A Pan-Canadian Narrative Review on the Protocols for COVID-19 and Canadian Emergency Departments
Authors: Diebel Sebastian , Boissonneault Eve
Published: June 2021

First described in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, The World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a global pandemic on March 11th, 2020. Canada identified its first positive COVID-19 patient on January 25th, 2020. The Canadian government and heath care system immediately started discussing how best to respond to this pandemic. It was hypothesized that potentially positive and confirmed positive COVID-19 patients would present to emergency departments across the country. It has now been over a year since the first positive patient was identified in Canada, and there has yet to be a narrative review that explores how Canadian emergency departments have responded to the novel COVID-19 virus. This narrative review will discuss measures that were taken thus far, including pre-hospital care, the use and implementation of virtual care, the importance of simulation training, protocols regarding patient screening at presentation to the emergency department, the use of personal protective equipment, and lastly rural emergency department response. This narrative review may be beneficial as the COVID-19 pandemic continues, by providing a concise summary of measures that were taken in various emergency departments across Canada to prevent the spread of the virus.