bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetically Encoded 3-Aminotyrosine as Catalytic Residue in a Designer Friedel-Crafts Alkylase
Authors: Brouwer Bart , Della-Felice Franco , Thunnissen Andy-Mark , Roelfes Gerard
Published: February 2025

Genetic incorporation of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) harboring catalytic side chains into proteins allows the creation of enzymes able to catalyze reactions that have no equivalent in nature. Here, we present for the first time the use of the ncAA 3-aminotyrosine (aY) as catalytic residue in a designer enzyme for iminium activation catalysis. Incorporation of aY into protein scaffold LmrR gave rise to an artificial Friedel-Crafts (FC) alkylase exhibiting complementary enantioselectivity to a previous FC-alkylase design using p-aminophenylalanine as catalytic residue in the same protein. The new FC-alkylase was optimized by directed evolution to afford a quadruple mutant that showed increased activity and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 95% ee). X-ray crystal structures of the parent and evolved designer enzymes suggest that the introduced mutations cause a narrowing of the active site and a reorientation of the catalytic -NH2 group. Furthermore, the evolved FC-alkylase was applied in whole-cell catalysis, facilitated by the straightforward incorporation of aY. Our work demonstrates that aY is a valuable addition to the biochemists toolbox for creating artificial enzymes.
Tuning the electric dipole transitions (5D0 → 7F2, and 5D0 → 7F4) in thin Eu-doped BiOCl nanosheets
Authors: Singh Dinesh , Poddar Pankaj
Published: February 2025

The polarization and depolarization of layered ferroelectric materials can be tuned by altering the thickness of nanosheets apart from controlling inter/intra layer distances, doping of ions, surrounding dielectric environments, etc. In two-dimensional (2D) single-crystalline ferroelectric nanosheets, the reduction in the thickness facilitates the internal electric field, which leads to enhanced depolarization. BiOCl is a characteristic layered ferroelectric material that contains [Bi2O2]2+ layers arranged anisotropically along the c-direction. However, the depolarization and polarisation of BiOCl are significantly influenced by the thickness of its nanosheets. In this study, europium (Eu3+)-doped BiOCl nanosheets resembling a 2D-dimensional structure have been synthesized using the solid-state grinding method at ambient temperature. As a result of the depolarization effect, the intensity of the electric dipole (ED) transitions 5D0 → 7F2 and 5D0 → 7F4 increases in Eu3+-doped BiOCl nanosheets. Further, electric force microscopy (EFM) confirms that the electric field is present in close proximity to the surface of Eu3+-doped BiOCl. However, thiol capping helps in synthesizing uniform 2D nanosheets with reduced vertical dimensions (c-direction). It is observed that all the prepared samples with varying Eu ion concentrations show uniform nanosheet-like morphology. As the concentration of Eu ions increases in the BiOCl host lattice, the intensity of electric dipole transitions also increases. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) discloses the coating of 1-dodecanthiol on Eu-doped BiOCl molecules. Furthermore, the Eu-doped BiOCl samples demonstrated a prominent far-red emission at 700 nm, corresponding to the 5D0 → 7F4 transition. Moreover, this work emphasizes the synthesis of Eu-doped phosphor at an ambient temperature of 24 + 2 ˚C and generates a deeper understanding of the abnormal electric dipole (5D0 → 7F4) transition.
Computational Modeling of Novel Anti-HpaA Protein Antibodies Targeting Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Jasti Rishi Naga , Sharma Gaurav
Published: February 2025

Helicobacter pylori adhesin A (HpaA) is a surface-associated protein critical for the adhesion of H. pylori to gastric epithelial cells, which is strongly associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. Recent elucidation of the 3D structure of HpaA offers novel opportunities for targeted therapeutic strategies to inhibit bacterial adhesion. This study aims to computationally characterize the interactions between HpaA and antibodies to identify potential candidates for therapeutic intervention against H. pylori infection. I hypothesize that high-affinity binding of specific antibodies to the specific binding site of the HpaA protein can effectively block bacterial adherence to gastric epithelial cells, thereby mitigating H. pylori-induced pathogenesis. AlphaFold 3 obtained the HpaA three-dimensional structure, providing a foundation for in-silico docking studies. Molecular docking simulations using HDOCK predicted antibody binding interactions and were validated using ScanNet, a deep learning-based method. Binding energy was calculated using the PRODIGY software, and hydrogen bond analysis was performed. Antibody 1IL1 demonstrated the strongest binding affinity to the HpaA protein. Additionally, to understand the binding interactions between the HpaA and annexin proteins, I performed AlphaFold 3 simulations, which showed that the apical region of the HpaA was involved in the annexin interaction. The results were consistent with lab experimental findings, and to the best of my knowledge, this is the first computational study on HpaA-mediated prevention of H. pylori interaction with the gut lining. These discoveries will contribute to our knowledge of HpaA-antibody interactions and offer a foundation for creating targeted antibody-based treatments for illnesses caused by H. pylori.
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Predictive CyberSecurity: Enhancing Threat Forecasting and Vulnerability Management
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, University College Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Egho-Promise Ehigiator , Asante George ,   Department of Information Technology Education, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Kumasi, Ghana, Balisane Hewa ,   Business School, The University of Law, Manchester, United Kingdom, Salih Abdulrahman ,   Northumbria University London Department of Computer and Information Science, United Kingdom, Aina Folayo ,   Department of Computing, School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom, Kure Halima ,   Department of Computer Science and Digital Technologies, University of East London, London, United Kingdom, Gavua Ebenezer ,   Computer Science Department, Koforidua Technical University, Ghana
Published: February 2025

The rise in sophisticated cyber threats demands advanced cybersecurity methods that surpass traditional rule-based approaches. This study explores the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance predictive cybersecurity, enabling more accurate threat forecasting and effective vulnerability management. The research assesses various AI modelssuch as neural networks, decision trees, and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) in their ability to predict cyber threats. Employing a quantitative methodology, the study utilizes historical data from cybersecurity sources, threat intelligence feeds, vulnerability logs, and incident reports. Key performance metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and Receiver Operating Characteristic - Area Under the Curve (ROC-AUC), were used to test, validate, and train the AI models. Neural networks emerged as the most accurate, achieving 93% accuracy, particularly excelling in identifying phishing attacks and zero-day vulnerabilities. SVM models also performed well, minimizing false positives and increasing detection rates, while decision trees proved computationally efficient and easily interpretable in simpler cybersecurity scenarios. The findings underscore the superiority of AI models over traditional methods, offering dynamic solutions for evolving cyber threats. This research contributes to the field by demonstrating the extensive potential of AI in predictive cybersecurity, providing actionable insights for organizations implementing AI-driven threat detection and vulnerability management.
Data - Driven Approaches for Detecting Autism Spectrum Disorder : A Comprehensive Review
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE S. G. Balekundri Institute of Technology, Belagavi, Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, India, Bisalapur Sahana , R.Bharamagoudar Dr.Geeta ,   Professor, Dept. of CSE KLE Institute of Technology, Hubballi, Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, India
Published: February 2025

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neuro developmental ailment that affects significant portion of the global population, with symptoms including cognitive and behavioural impairments. Early and precise detection is critical for effective intervention and helps to minimize the overall impact of it, however, the traditional methods of ASD detection are time-consuming and dependent on clinical expertise. In recent years, Data Mining combined with Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques have shown huge potential in refining the accuracy, speed, and efficiency of ASD diagnosis. This paper reviews the application of these advanced technologies, particularly the use of neuroimaging data such as fMRI, EEG, and MRI, in diagnosing ASD. By leveraging the automated feature extraction technique of these methods, predictive algorithms, and end-to-end learning, ML and DL models have demonstrated the potential to identify complex patterns in brain activity, offering insights into potential biomarkers for ASD. Several approaches have been presented to augment the detection accuracy where conventional machine learning methods have focused on data mining approaches along with image data. However, the accuracy of these systems for imaging data is affected due to complex brain patterns therefore; deep learning based methods have gained popularity because of their robust pattern learning methods. Thus, the exploitation of ML and DL with neuroimaging tools has the potential to enhance early diagnosis, paving way for timely interventions and enhanced results for patients with ASD. This review also highlights the challenges and future prospects of applying these technologies to ASD diagnosis, plus the need for large-scale datasets and the development of universally applicable frameworks.
Current state and challenges in teaching ukrainian online to non-philological foreign students
Authors: Geichenko K. , Chorna Y.
Published: February 2025

The proposed article addresses the issue of enhancing the quality of education for foreign students of philology enrolled in Ukrainian higher education institutions in alignment with the requirements of international students and the Ukrainian educational system.

The article points out that the education of foreign citizens in non-linguistic higher education institutions can now be equated with intensive courses.

This complicates the language training of foreign communicators. That is why new methods, forms, tools and techniques are being searched for, which will be the key to achieving high results in teaching foreigners online.

In the modern information environment of online learning and during the difficult socio-political situation in our country, the way teachers impart relevant knowledge and skills and the way students acquire this knowledge are changing. This fact is reflected in the reduction of classroom hours and the increase of independent work time for foreign non-native speakers. It is clear that the established methods and forms of teaching need to be rethought and new solutions found.

In the case of oral learning, as in the case of oral teaching, foreign communicators learn grammatical material, vocabulary (learning the sound form, grammar, meaning and use of a word) and favourable conditions are created for increasing their knowledge of the target language, developing pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, speaking skills and, above all, listening (the most difficult type of language activity for foreigners) as well as speaking.

The article outlines the main requirements of online language training with a limited number of hours in the learning process, as well as the advantages and challenges of oral learning.

The authors focus on oral teaching as the leading form of proactive learning.
Assessment of meteorological droughts in three regions of Bengaluru, Karnataka
Authors: Vivekanandan N.
Published: February 2025

Drought is a common, natural, and recurrent climatic phenomenon that can occur in any climatic region, causing water shortage. This can be analyzed by applying the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), departure analysis of annual rainfall from long-term average, and probability distribution analysis of annual rainfall. The SPI can characterize droughts by the likelihood of occurrence of wet and dry events on seasonal time scales and their severity. Rainfall departure and probability distribution analysis are found to be simple techniques to assess the drought frequency on the regional scale. This study focused on evaluating the drought characteristics in the Kengeri, Tavarekere, and Uttarahalli meteorological regions of Bengaluru. For this purpose, seasonal (viz., pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon) and annual rainfall series were derived from the daily rainfall data observed at three meteorological stations during the period 1980 to 2022 and used in drought analysis. The SPI analysis indicated that the probability of occurrence of extreme wet years in pre- monsoon and post-monsoon periods of Kengeri are about 13% and 30%, respectively, whereas these values are computed as about 20% in pre-monsoon and 35% in post-monsoon for Tavarekere. For Uttarahalli, based on SPI values, the probability of occurrence of extreme wet years in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods is about 14% and 51%, respectively. The annual rainfall departure analysis indicated that the number of severe drought years is two each for Kengeri and Tavarekere, whereas the number of severe drought years for Uttarahalli is found to be seven. The probability distribution analysis of annual rainfall indicated that Kengeri, Tavarekere, and Uttarahalli are drought-prone regions. The results presented in the study are the indicators to assess the severity and determine the extent of meteorological drought while planning water resources and drought mitigation in the study area.
Experimental study on performance of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams with varied proportions of fly ash
Authors: Kadir Rain , Satish Paudel , Sushil Subedi , Prabin Chaudhary , Susil Poudel , Mani Paudel , Hakas Prayuda
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams incorporating different proportions of fly ash (FA). A total of five beams, each with dimensions of 230 mm x 300 mm x 1600 mm, were constructed. Four beams were grade M20 (with a 28-day compressive strength of 20 MPa), with FA content varying at 0%, 5%, 20%, and 30%, while one beam was grade M25 with 20% FA. The M20 grade beam without FA served as the control beam (CB). After a 28-day curing period, the beams were tested using a three-point bending system, with parameters including central displacement, failure load, failure mode, and crack patterns. The performance of the beams was compared to that of the control beam. The findings indicated that the beam with 20% FA showed similar load-displacement behavior to the control beam, suggesting that 20% FA is the optimal proportion for enhanced performance.
Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Teaching Supervision for Vocational Education
Authors: Liu Zhengquan , Peng Cong , Liu Yirong
Published: February 2025

This study explores the application of artificial intelligence-based teaching supervision systems in vocational education, addressing challenges in traditional teaching and supervision. The system leverages real-time monitoring, behavior recognition, and data analysis to enhance teaching quality and management efficiency. A case study demonstrates significant improvements in student engagement, discipline, and personalized learning outcomes, with classroom interaction rates increasing by 25% and discipline issues decreasing by 40%. Despite challenges in accuracy, data storage, and ethical concerns, the integration of advanced technologies like virtual reality and blockchain offers promising potential for intelligent, data-driven educational models and quality improvement.
Features of diagnosis and surgical treatment of post–traumatic pancreatitis in gunshot wound of the pancreas at the stage of highly specialized medical care
Authors: Shaprynsky V. O. , Verba A. V. , Martsynkovsky I. P. , Ordatiy A. V. , Romanchuk V. D. , Biloshchytsky V. F. , Kaminsky O. A. , Formanchuk A. M. , Verba M. A.
Published: February 2025

Objective. To analyze the peculiarities of diagnosis and treatment of posttraumatic pancreatitis at the stage of highly specialized surgical care in order to improve the results of treatment of gunshot wounds of the pancreas
Materials and Methods. The results of diagnosis and treatment of gunshot wounds of the abdominal cavity with pancreatic damage in 23 patients were analyzed. All patients were men of military age, their average age was (35.7± 12.8) years, and they sustained gunshot wounds of the abdominal cavity during military operations.
Results. At the stage of providing highly specialized medical care, all patients underwent surgical intervention for gunshot pancreatic injury. In 18 (78.3%) wounded, the course of post–traumatic pancreatitis was complicated by the development of destructive pancreatitis. All of these wounded underwent relaparotomy.
Conclusions. Gunshot trauma to the pancreas always results in post–traumatic pancreatitis, which has a latent course against the background of damage to other organs and is difficult diagnose and treat.
How EFL Instructors Improve Their Professionalism: The Voice from Indonesian Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Qamariah Hijjatul , Hercz Maria
Published: February 2025

Professional development in Indonesia has been widely researched, with much of the focus on secondary school teachers. Some studies have explored professional development among tertiary education teachers, but research on the professional development of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instructors in higher education in Indonesia remains limited. This gap is significant, given the crucial role of EFL instructors in preparing future English teachers, which demands exceptional professionalism. This research aimed to explore the factors contributing to the professional development of EFL instructors in higher education in Indonesia. The data for this study were collected through semi-structured interviews with ten EFL instructors (five female and five male) from various universities in Indonesia. The interview questions covered topics such as their views on professional development, efforts to improve themselves, participation in professional development programs and activities, personal initiatives, and institutional support. Each interview lasted between 35 and 45 minutes. The data were analyzed using the MAXQDA tool to identify themes from the interview transcripts. The findings revealed several key themes: (1) efforts for PD (2) EFL instructor beliefs (3) EFL instructors’ efficacy (4) Less institution support, (5) commitment to the job, (5) classroom practice. The study suggests that institutional support for EFL instructors should be enhanced. Professional development programs should be consistently provided and maintained to ensure their effectiveness and sustainability.
Cultural Adaptation: The Resilience of Musicians Based on Artistic Creativity in Preserving Traditional Keroncong Music
Authors: Suryati Suryati , Jamnongsarn Surasak , Sanjaya RM Singgih , Widodo Tri Wahyu , Rokhani Umilia
Published: February 2025

Resilience based on artistic creativity by musicians has had positive implications for preserving Keroncong’s music. However, this context needs to be addressed in scientific discussions. In addition to complementing previous studies, this study focused on explaining the characteristics of resilience based on artistic creativity carried out by musicians in preserving Keroncong music. This study showed three significant findings. First, resilience based on artistic creativity carried out by musicians by composing made Keroncong music more inclusive and could be enjoyed by all groups. Second, resilience based on artistic creativity carried out by musicians by performing informal stage acts  made Keroncong music an attractive genre. Third, resilience based on artistic creativity carried out by musicians by covering popular songs made the Keroncong genre became adaptive music. This study also recommends the importance of future studies that explain the resilience process of musicians in preserving Keroncong music by intensively interviewing musicians who consistently perform Keroncong songs.
High-Efficiency Dual-Band Rectifier with Extended Dynamic Frequency Ranges based on Independent Dual-Band Impedance Control
Authors: Kim Yeonsoo , Kim Bitchan , Oh Juntaek
Published: February 2025

This study presents a high-efficiency dual-band rectifier with an extended frequency range. The proposed rectifier comprises a voltage doubler with shunt capacitors and an independent dual-band impedance control network (IDICN). The proposed IDICN, which comprises λ/4 shorted stubs at 3.4 GHz and two series transmission lines, can independently manipulate the input impedance seen from the voltage doubler at two frequencies within optimal input power range for high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) at 2.45 and 3.4 GHz. The IDICN enables precise input impedance at 50 Ω at both 2.45 and 3.4 GHz simultaneously. The structure of the voltage doubler with shunt capacitors ensures similar input impedance across a wide frequency range. For validation, the proposed rectifier was implemented and verified. The implemented rectifier achieved PCEs of 74.7% and 74.4% at 2.45 and 3.4 GHz, respectively. The PCE was maintained at over 50% in the input power ranges of 7.9–21.9 dBm and 6.9–21.9 dBm at 2.45 and 3.4 GHz, respectively. The measured peak PCE of over 70% remained within the broad dual bands of 1.8–2.6 GHz and 2.9–3.4 GHz, which have a similar input impedance as 2.45 and 3.4 GHz.
CMOS Vector Modulator-Based Phase Shifter for Millimeter-Wave Transmitter
Authors: Park Ju-Hyeon , Choi Ui-Gyu , Moon Hyunwon , Yang Jong-Ryul
Published: February 2025

A D-band phase shifter for CMOS transmitters in a millimeter-wave imaging system is proposed based on vector modulator configuration. Depending on the phase control biasing, the output impedance variation of phase shifters at the millimeter-wave transmitter can interfere with optimizing the operation of power amplifiers with a fixed input impedance. The proposed phase shifter incorporates an output-matching circuit with transformers to minimize output impedance variations. Differential I and Q channels are coupled in each transformer and combined at the power combiner. This configuration can minimize the impedance variation at the output port and increase the saturated output power of the proposed phase shifter. The proposed phase shifter, implemented on 0.184 mm2 using a 65-nm CMOS process, exhibits a maximum gain of -11 dB, a phase shift of over 180°, and an input-referred P1dB of 7 dBm in the frequency bandwidth of 115−135 GHz. Th e total current consumption is a maximum of 36 mA at a supply voltage of 1.2 V.
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range Augmentation for Digital-to-Analog Converters using PSO-PID Adaptive Algorithms
Authors: Lv Junshi , Zhang Chengting , Wang Honglv , Xu Gaoming , Liu Taijun
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we propose a new method for enhancing the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of digital-to-analog converters (DACs) by implementing a digital predistorter to suppress harmonic distortion. First, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) parameters, after which the PSO-PID algorithm is implemented to identify the best signal featuring the least harmonic distortion. Next, the Hilbert transform-based memory polynomial (HTBMP) model is employed to accurately represent the harmonic predistorter for the DAC. Finally, using a single-tone sine signal in shortwave frequency bands, it is demonstrated that the proposed HTBMP predistortion model can enhance the SFDR of a DAC by at least 9 dB.
Super-Resolution Angle Estimation Algorithm using Low Complexity MUSIC-Based RELAX for MIMO FMCW Radar
Authors: Kim Bong-Seok , Jin Youngseok , Lee Jonghun , Kim Sangdong , Narayanan Ram M.
Published: February 2025

A novel super-resolution angle estimation algorithm using low complexity-multiple signal classification (LC-MUSIC)-based relaxation (RELAX) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar is proposed in this paper. FMCW radar is widely used to estimate target location information in various fields, including autonomous driving, defense, and robotics. However, FMCW radar struggles to provide high-resolution direction of arrival (DOA) data. To obtain precise target positions, especially for multiple targets, FMCW radar with high-resolution DOA capability is needed. Conventional FMCW radar employs MIMO-based technology to improve angular resolution because of its low complexity and ease of implementation, but MIMO-based radar still struggles to provide precise angular resolution. To improve the angle resolution, we propose a novel super-resolution DOA algorithm in a MIMO scheme. The new method consists of RELAX-based CLEAN and LC-MUSIC. Combining the MIMO technique with the new super-resolution algorithm enables FMCW radar with high angular resolution to be obtained. To analyze the performance of the proposed estimation, Monte Carlo simulations are performed, and root-mean-square error results are analyzed. Using the FMCW radar module, experiments comparing the proposed and conventional algorithms were performed in an indoor environment.
Enhancing 2-D Beam Scanning Capability through Extended Transmission Paths in a Liquid Crystal-Based Transmitarray Antenna for mmWave Communications
Authors: Bang Seungwoo , Kim Hogyeom , Oh Jungsuek
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces a novel method for implementing a liquid crystal-based transmitarray (LCTA) antenna with two-dimensional (2D) beam scanning capability for the first time. Extending the phase tuning range of LCTA unit cells faces a crucial limitation in maintaining a thin single liquid crystal (LC) layer because the tuning range is significantly dependent on the LC thickness. The proposed transmission line-based unit cell design could overcome this limitation due to its horizontal propagation characteristic among the LC layers. Therefore, the proposed LCTA unit cell achieves a phase tuning range of 130° while maintaining the thickness of the LC under 0.25 mm at 28 GHz. Furthermore, a 10 × 10 array design is fabricated and measured to verify its 2D beam scanning capability. Consequently, the maximum scanning angle of 30° is obtained in the E-plane and H-plane from measurements. Comparative results with previous studies also emphasize the advantages of the proposed design.
Recombination of Copper Tiles connected with Chip Resistors for Wide-Angle Metasurface Absorber
Authors: Kim Yongjune , Lee Jeong-Hae
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a design strategy for a wide-angle metasurface absorber is proposed that evolves a configuration for broadband absorption that consists of four 100 Ω chip resistors and a combination of square copper tiles. To satisfy -10 dB reflectance at all incident angles up to 60° for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations, the copper tiles were recombined. To this end, a transformative genetic algorithm was applied, of which the figure of merit was converted from the original one by multiplying a scaling factor with the worst reflectance in the target band. The simulation results confirmed a -10 dB reflectance ranging from 10.8 to 11.21 GHz, with the fractional bandwidth being 3.73% for both TE and TM polarizations at incident angles ranging from 0° to 60°. The accuracy of the proposed design was verified by conducting measurements, which matched well with the simulated results.
Hubungan Aktivitas dan Respon Emosi Estetik pada Konten Foto Instagramable Interior Coffee Shop Terhadap Visit Intention
Authors: Munggarsari Annisa Amalia , Ahmad Hafiz Aziz
Published: February 2025

Abstrak
Saat ini, coffee shop tidak hanya sebagai tempat minum kopi, melainkan juga simbol gaya hidup perkotaan. Transformasi fungsi ruang coffee shop dari tempat berdiskusi menjadi tempat sosialisasi dan bekerja bahkan berfoto memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap preferensi pengunjung. Preferensi tersebut saat ini banyak dipengaruhi oleh konten media sosial terutama Instagram sebagai platform fotografis dengan jumlah pengguna terbanyak. Konten foto yang instagramable tidak hanya memicu respon emosi estetik, tetapi juga mempengaruhi perilaku visit intention. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi hubungan antara aktivitas pengguna, respon emosi estetik, dan dampaknya terhadap visit intention dalam konteks konten foto Instagramable interior coffee shop. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode campuran yaitu kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi aktivitas pengguna, seperti berkumpul, makan minum, bekerja, berfoto dan respon emosi estetik berkorelasi positif dengan visit intention. Terlihat kecenderungan audiens memilih konten dengan ambience warna warm untuk aktivitas seperti bekerja atau makan dan minum kopi, sementara aktivitas berkumpul dan berfoto lebih cenderung memilih konten dengan ambience vibrant.
Revitalisasi Desain Motif Pelo Ati Rifa’iyah Berdasarkan Data Hasil Analisis Selera Generasi Milenial
Authors: Lesmana Handi Hermawan , Sunarya Yan Yan
Published: February 2025

Batik Indonesia telah diakui oleh UNESCO pada 2 Oktober 2009 sebagai Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) atau Warisan Budaya Tak Benda pada sidang UNESCO di Abu Dhabi. Karya seni tersebut tentu saja harus dijaga agar tidak hilang. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melakukan revitalisasi terhadap motif Pelo Ati. batik Rifa'iyah di Kabupaten Batang dengan mengembangkan desain batik yang ada dan membuatnya menjadi baru. Tentu saja desain batik baru tersebut sesuai target pasar untuk Generasi Milenial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ATUMICS yang didukung data hasil kuesioner. Metode ini digunakan sebagai bagian dari proses revitalisasi yang dilakukan untuk menganalisis dan memahami kondisi pasar. Hal tersebut penting untuk mempertahankan nilai- nilai yang sudah ada. Hasil penelitian berupa rekomendasi perancangan yang membuat komposisi baru pada motif batik untuk Generasi Milenial pada Generasi Milenial.
Dari Motif Kawung ke Algoritma Visual: Sebuah Pendekatan dalam Pembelajaran Komputasi untuk Desainer
Authors: Nurrachman Muhammad Irfan
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi potensi motif kawung sebagai media pembelajaran algoritma yang inovatif bagi desainer. Dengan menganalisis secara mendalam elemen-elemen geometri yang membentuk motif kawung, penelitian ini berhasil mengidentifikasi prinsip-prinsip algoritmik yang mendasarinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motif kawung dapat didekonstruksi menjadi serangkaian langkah komputasional yang sederhana dan dideskripsikan dalam bentuk algoritma visual, sehingga dapat menjadi alat yang efektif untuk mengajarkan konsep pemrograman dasar bagi para desainer. Pendekatan ini tidak hanya meningkatkan pemahaman desainer terhadap konsep matematika yang abstrak dan berpikir algoritma, tetapi juga menumbuhkan apresiasi terhadap warisan budaya bangsa. Dengan begitu, penelitian ini dapat berkontribusi secara signifikan dalam pengembangan kurikulum pembelajaran yang relevan dengan tuntutan abad ke-21, sekaligus melestarikan nilai-nilai budaya bangsa.
FACTORS OF SOCIO-POLITICAL (IN)STABILITY IN WEST AFRICA
Authors:   HSE University, Shishkina Alisa R. ,   Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Appah Japheth Bondzie ,   HSE University, Korotayev Andrei V. ,   HSE University,   Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2025

Recently, West Africa is represented in the research literature as the
epicenter of socio-political instability. That is most relevant for such countries as
Mali, Nigeria or Burkina Faso. However, itis worth saying that, despite a number
of factors that could lead to potential destabilization in Ghana, the country has
been characterized in recent years by a fairly high level of socio-political stability. The present study seeks to determine the factors causing political regime
destabilization in West Africa by evaluating important governance indicators,
sociopolitical stability, economic advancement, and historical occurrences. The
paper uses a mixed-methods approach as well as qualitative comparative analysis
(QCA) as an analysis tool. The authors conclude that among the destabilizing
factors in the region under study, the following can be considered the most
significant: weak mechanisms of accountability within the state, deficient governance frameworks, and corruption. Moreover, if we are talking about Ghana, in
that case such indicators as developed media infrastructure, active civil society,
initiatives of the country’s leadership to create inter-religious tolerance and cooperation, as well as the general culture of peace inherent in Ghanaians, become
the main factors stabilizing the situation in the country
THE FIGHT AGAINST ISLAMIC EXTREMIST ARMED GROUPS IN THE 1990S. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ALGERIAN AND EGYPTIAN CASES
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Seregichev Sergei Yu.
Published: February 2025

The fight against terrorism in the Arab world has been going on
for many decades. Algeria and Egypt are at the forefront of that struggle. Their
armed forces, police and intelligence agencies have accumulated vast experience in counter-terrorism operations. But the price that Algerians and Egyptians paid for that experience is high. In the 1990s, Algeria and Egypt lived
through a “black decade”. Radical Islamist movements in Algeria and Egypt
openly challenged the state, starting a civil war (in Algeria) and unleashing
mass terror against law enforcement officers and tourists (in Egypt). The head
of Algeria, Mohamed Boudiaf, fell at the hands of Islamists, Egyptian President
Husni Mubarak almost died in an assassination attempt, and tens of thousands
of people became victims of attacks by Islamic extremists. The bloody battle
with Islamic extremist armed groups in Algeria and Egypt ultimately formed
the modern anti-terrorist security system in those countries. The present article
will discuss causes of the most acute crises in the sphere of internal security in
Algeria and Egypt at the end of the twentieth century, the characteristics of
the actions of armed radical Islamist groups and a comparative analysis of the
security policies of the Algerian and Egyptian governments
RUSSIA AND ENGLAND IN THE STRUGGLE FOR RAILWAY CONCESSIONS IN PERSIA
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Arabadzhyan Zaven A.
Published: February 2025

Since ancient times, Persia has been of utmost importance for
trade and migration between Europe and Asia. The emergence of railway transport strengthened the country’s transit potential, and in the second half of the
19th century railways construction projects in the latitudinal and meridional
directions began to appear. Implementation of these projects was in direct interest of the Persian authorities, as this would promote economic development,
contribute to the state budget, and enable personal enrichment of officials
involved in negotiations with foreign concessionaires.
In 1872, Baron Julius Reiter showed interest in this project. He managed
to get a concession which transferred almost the entire country into his hands,
on extremely unfavourable terms for Persia. Its key element was the railway
from the Persian Gulf to the port of Anzali on the Caspian Sea.
Such a complete takeover of Persia caused a stir in the European capitals,
and especially in St. Petersburg, since in the future it could be a threat to
Russia from Great Britain. Therefore, the Russian government made every
effort to convince Nasser ed-Din Shah to cancel this concession and proposed an alternative project for the Tabriz-Julfa road, to be undertaken by
the retired General Falkenhagen as a private entrepreneur. It was assumed
that construction would be funded by the Russian government, since Russia
would buy out almost all the shares of the company which would be created
to implement the project. This meant that the project would be private in
name only.
The terms of the Russian concession did not suit the Persian side, and,
in addition, the Falkenhagen project was opposed by England. In the end, it
failed.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOFTWARE MODULE OF THE ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SECURITY SYSTEM TO PREVENT CYBER THREATS USING BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Bakaev Olga A. , Baraboshki Dmitrii A. ,   National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University
Published: February 2025

The article analyzes cyberattacks over the past year, which shows
that cybersecurity incidents are on the rise, cyberthreats are becoming more
complex, and the amount of damage caused is increasing, both for organizations
and individuals. The most acute issue is the leakage of confidential information,
which can be associated not with external attacks on the information system
of the enterprise, but with internal threats coming directly from employees
themselves. The technologies of behavioral analysis are considered, on the
example of UBA-systems. The solutions of such systems are aimed at analyzing
user activity and are effective for detecting internal threats. Different types
of anomalies detected by UBA systems are highlighted. The authors propose
scheme of data processing by the program module, demonstrating the information flows movement from the head of the information security department to
the specialist. The form of receiving a task is developed, which specifies the
types of reports that after analyzing the data, the specialist should provide to
the manager. The diagram of variants of the program module usage is built.
The main window (of standard reports) and the window for analyzing dynamic
reports is developed. Loading of reports of antivirus software, data processing
with the help of Python, unloading the results of the program module into
tabular and text documents is realized. Diagrams can be created in Word format reports.
DETERMINANTS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IMPLEMENTATION IN BANKING INSTITUTIONS IN POLAND AND RWANDA – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors:   Silesian University of Technology, Machnik-Słomka Joanna , Ihimbazwe Ndanguza Alain Patience ,   Silesian University of Technology
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The objective is to identify and characterize the determinants of the implementation
of the CSR concept in banking institutions in Poland and Rwanda. This article examines both
internal and external factors influencing CSR practices in these countries, offering insights into
how different contexts shape CSR strategies.
Design/methodology/approach: A comparative analysis is used to evaluate CSR determinants
in Polish and Rwandan banks. The study reviews literature, regulatory documents, and case
reports from both countries to assess external factors and internal factors.
Findings: The research identifies distinct differences and similarities in CSR implementation
between Poland and Rwanda. Polish banks operate under comprehensive EU regulations and
a developed economic environment, while Rwandan banks face evolving national policies and
focus on socio-economic development. Technological advancements and market pressures vary
significantly, reflecting the different stages of economic and technological development in each
country.
Research limitations/implications: The study is limited by the availability and comparability
of data across different countries. Future research could expand to include additional countries
and sectors for a more comprehensive analysis. Longitudinal studies could provide deeper
insights into the long-term impact of CSR implementation.
Practical implications: Banks in both Poland and Rwanda should tailor their CSR strategies
to align with local and global expectations. Effective CSR practices can enhance reputation,
operational efficiency, and customer loyalty. Banks should integrate CSR into their corporate
strategies, foster a supportive organizational culture, and leverage technological advancements
to improve their CSR efforts.
Social implications: The research underscores the role of CSR in promoting social and
environmental progress. By adopting effective CSR practices, banks can contribute to
community development and environmental sustainability. This may influence public attitudes
towards corporate responsibility and inform policy development.
Originality/value: This paper provides a comparative analysis of CSR determinants in banking
institutions across Poland and Rwanda, highlighting how different cultural and economic
contexts impact CSR practices. It fills a gap in the literature by offering a detailed comparison
and contributing to a deeper understanding of global CSR strategies.
TRADEMARK AND DOMAIN NAME CONTEMPORARY ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN INDIA
Authors: Tyagi Anuj Kumar , Tyagi Sarika
Published: February 2025

In ancient times, traders and businessmen used to mark scribbles for identification of their goods. With time, new techniques evolved to identify goods and trademarks were used for identification (related) or for the purpose of obtaining a certificate (legal). Both of these are considered advantages in terms of trade union views. Therefore, for obvious reasons, companies are investing time and money in their brands, and when such companies find that a fake domain name similar to its name or brand has been registered by cyber hackers called cyber-squatters, who register confusing domain names with popular brand names or symbols. trading, to sell them over time to legitimate owners for a profit, is a source of great concern to them. The value of a trademark is clearly indicated in the store (where the seller is not present) where the product is sold, depending on the strength of the trademark.
Supplementation of Brotowali Stem Meal (Tinospora Crispa L) in the Diet on Performance, and Organ Immunity of Hybrid Ducks Gunsi 888
Authors: M. A. A. A. Nurdin  , R. Mutia  , W. Hermana
Published: February 2025

The management of microbial infections in poultry farming continues to be largely antibiotic-dependent. Despite this, the application of Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGPs) in poultry feed has been banned, necessitating the use of herbal feed additives such as Brotowali (Tinospora crispa). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Brotowali stem meal on the performance and immune organs of hybrid ducks. A total of 200 hybrid ducks Gunsi 888 were used in this study, reared from 11 to 46 days of age. The ducks were fed either a basal diet as a control (P1) or a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Brotowali stem meal (P2), 1% (P3), and 1.5% (P4). The observed immune organs included the thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and spleen. The study was conducted in Bogor, West Java, while the an analysis of Brotowali’s phytochemical properties was conducted at the Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center of IPB University. All collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and significant differences were further analyzed using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with SPSS version 25. The results showed that Brotowali stem meal had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the immunity of hybrid ducks. However, Brotowali stem meal significantly (P<0.05) improved the performance of hybrid ducks, as evidenced by increased body weight and decreased feed conversion ratios. In conclusion, Brotowali can enhance the performance of hybrid ducks, and it does not affect the stress levels of the livestock.
Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT) di Kelas VII K SMPN 6 Mataram Tahun Ajaran 2023/2024
Authors: Mardiana Wahyu , Sadri Samaratus , Azmi Syahrul
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas VII K SMPN 6 Mataram pada materi bangun ruang (kubus, balok, prisma segitiga) melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT) dan metode permainan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui lembar observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar peserta didik. Pada siklus I rata-rata presentase aktivitas belajar peserta didik mencapai 60%. Pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 67,25%, dan pada siklus III presentase aktivitas belajar meningkat menjadi 77,41%. Selain itu, penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Hal ini dilihat dari nilai rata-rata dan presentase ketuntasan belajar peserta didik pada setiap siklus. Pada siklus I, nilai rata-rata peserta didik 74,12 dengan presentase ketuntasan belajar 43,90%. Pada siklus II, nilai rata-rata peserta didik meningkat menjadi 78,32 dengan presentase ketuntasan belajar 63,41%. Pada siklus III, nilai rata-rata peserta didik mencapai 80,07 dengan presentase ketuntasan 78,04%. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas VII K SMPN 6 Mataram.
Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles using the Duwet (Syzygium cumini) Leaves Extract as Bioreductor
Authors: Evawati Kholif , Sutoyo Suyatno
Published: February 2025

The synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was conducted using a green synthesis method that utilizes plants as bioreductors. The secondary metabolites contained in the plants can act as bioreductors in the reduction process of metal oxides and as capping agents in the production of ZnO nanoparticles. This research aims to determine the characterization of ZnO nanoparticles using Syzygium cumini leaves extract as bioreductor. The type of research is experimental research. In this study, the characteristics of ZnO nanoparticles were examined using extracts from the leaves of the duwet tree (Syzygium cumini). Synthesis was performed with varying compositions of zinc acetate dihydrate solution and duwet leaf extract at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4, as well as pH levels of 7, 8, 9, and 10. The nanoparticles were then characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) to determine the optimal conditions. The optimal conditions for synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles were obtained with a maximum wavelength (λmax) of 368 nm at a ratio of 1:2 and pH 8. The particle size distribution analysis from the PSA indicated an average size of 19.52 nm, with a Poly Dispersity Index (PDI) value of 0.2491. The analysis results using XRD showed the synthesized nanoparticles showed the typical peak for ZnO with 2θ values of 31,7680o, 34,3699 o, and 36,2281o, confirming that the synthesis of nanoparticles had successfully produced ZnO nanoparticles. The UV-Vis, FTIR, and XRD characterization results showed that the nanoparticles produced were pure ZnO nanoparticles.