bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeted Anticancer Drug Delivery Using Chitosan, Carbon Quantum Dots, and Aptamers to Deliver Ganoderic Acid and 5‐Fluorouracil
Authors: Mazandarani Aynaz , Taravati Ali , Mohammadnejad Javad , Yazdian Fatemeh
Published: August 2023

Breast cancer is a malignancy that affects mostly females and is among the most lethal types of cancer. The ligand‐functionalized nanoparticles used in the nano‐drug delivery system offer enormous potential for cancer treatments. This work devised a promising approach to increase drug loading efficacy and produce sustained release of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and Ganoderic acid (GA) as model drugs for breast cancer. Chitosan, aptamer, and carbon quantum dot (CS/Apt/COQ) hydrogels were initially synthesized as a pH‐sensitive and biocompatible delivery system. Then, CS/Apt/COQ NPs loaded with 5‐FU‐GA were made using the W/O/W emulsification method. FT‐IR, XRD, DLS, zeta potentiometer, and SEM were used to analyze NP's chemical structure, particle size, and shape. Cell viability was measured using MTT assays in vitro using the MCF‐7 cell lines. Real‐time PCR measured cell apoptotic gene expression. XRD and FT‐IR investigations validated nanocarrier production and revealed their crystalline structure and molecular interactions. DLS showed that nanocarriers include NPs with an average size of 250.6 nm and PDI of 0.057. SEM showed their spherical form, and zeta potential studies showed an average surface charge of +37.8 mV. pH 5.4 had a highly effective and prolonged drug release profile, releasing virtually all 5‐FU and GA in 48 h. Entrapment efficiency percentages for 5‐FU and GA were 84.7±5.2 and 80.2 %±2.3, respectively. The 5‐FU‐GA‐CS‐CQD‐Apt group induced the highest cell death, with just 57.9 % of the MCF‐7 cells surviving following treatment. 5‐FU and GA in CS‐CQD‐Apt enhanced apoptotic induction by flow cytometry. 5‐FU‐GA‐CS‐CQD‐Apt also elevated Caspase 9 and downregulated Bcl2. Accordingly, the produced NPs may serve as pH‐sensitive nano vehicles for the controlled release of 5‐FU and GA in treating breast cancer.
Trifunctional Dibromomaleimide Reagents Built Around A Lysine Scaffold Deliver Site‐selective Dual‐modality Antibody Conjugation
Authors: Zhao Yanbo , Chudasama Vijay , Baker James R.
Published: August 2023

We describe the synthesis and application of a selection of trifunctional reagents for the dual‐modality modification of native, solvent accessible disulfide bonds in trastuzumab. The reagents were developed from the dibromomaleimide (DBM) platform with two orthogonal clickable functional groups built around a lysine core. We also describe the development of an aryl diselenide additive which enables antibody disulfide reduction in 4 minutes and a rapid overall reduction‐bridging‐double click sequence.
Extended Biocatalytic Halogenation Cascades Involving a Single‐Polypeptide Regeneration System for Diffusible FADH2
Authors: Montua Nicolai , Sewald Norbert
Published: August 2023

Flavin‐dependent halogenases have attracted increasing interest for aryl halogenation at unactivated C−H positions because they are characterised by high regioselectivity, while requiring only FADH2, halide salts, and O2. Their use in combined crosslinked enzyme aggregates (combiCLEAs) together with an NADH‐dependent flavin reductase and an NADH‐regeneration system for the preparative halogenation of tryptophan and indole derivatives has been previously described. However, multiple cultivations and protein purification steps are necessary for their production. We present a bifunctional regeneration enzyme for two‐step catalytic flavin regeneration using phosphite as an inexpensive sacrificial substrate. This fusion protein proved amenable to co‐expression with various flavin‐dependent Trp‐halogenases and enables carrier‐free immobilisation as combiCLEAs from a single cultivation for protein production and the preparative synthesis of halotryptophan. The scalability of this system was demonstrated by fed‐batch fermentation in bench‐top bioreactors on a 2.5 L scale. Furthermore, the inclusion of a 6‐halotryptophan‐specific dioxygenase into the co‐expression strain further converts the halogenation product to the kynurenine derivative. This reaction cascade enables the one‐pot synthesis of l‐4‐Cl‐kynurenine and its brominated analogue on a preparative scale.
Ten‐year clinical outcomes from a randomized trial comparing new‐generation everolimus‐eluting stent versus first‐generation Sirolimus‐eluting stent: Results from the RESET extended study
Authors: Shiomi Hiroki , Kozuma Ken , Morimoto Takeshi , Kadota Kazushige , Tanabe Kengo , Morino Yoshihiro , Tamura Toshihiro , Abe Mitsuru , Suwa Satoru , Ito Yoshiaki , Kobayashi Masakazu , Dai Kazuoki , Nakao Koichi , Tarutani Yasuhiro , Taniguchi Ryoji , Nishikawa Hideo , Yamamoto Yoshito , Yamasaki Tomohiro , Okamura Atsunori , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Ando Kenji , Kobayashi Koichi , Kawai Kazuya , Hibi Kiyoshi , Kimura Takeshi ,   the RESET Investigators
Published: August 2023

Background

New‐generation drug‐eluting stents (DES) achieved technological innovations and reported clinical advantages as compared with first‐generation DES in clinical trials with 3–5 years follow‐up. However, detailed clinical outcome data in very long‐term follow‐up is still scarce.

Objectives

To evaluate 10‐year clinical outcomes after first‐ and new‐generation DES implantation.

Methods

In this extende follow‐up study of the RESET, which is a largest randomized trial comparing everolimus‐eluting stent (EES) with Sirolimus‐eluting stent (SES), the study population consisted of 2892 patients from 84 centers. The primary efficacy and safety endpoints were target lesion revascularization (TLR) and a composite of death or myocardial infarction (MI), respectively. Complete 10‐year follow‐up was achieved in 87.9% of patients.

Results

Cumulative 10‐year incidences of TLR and non‐TLR were not significantly different between EES and SES (13.9% vs. 15.7%, Log‐rank p = 0.20, and 33.4% vs. 31.3%, Log‐rank p = 0.30). The cumulative 10‐year incidence of death/MI was also not significantly different between the groups (32.5% vs. 34.4%, Log‐rank p = 0.18). Cumulative 10‐year incidence of definite stent thrombosis was numerically lower in EES than in SES (1.0% vs. 1.7%, Log‐rank p = 0.16). The lower risk of EES relative to SES was significant for a composite endpoint of target lesion failure (TLF: 19.6% vs. 24.9%, Log‐rank p = 0.001) and target vessel failure (TVF: 26.7% vs. 31.4%, Log‐rank p = 0.006).

Conclusion

During 10‐year of follow‐up, the risks for primary efficacy and safety endpoints were not significantly different between new‐generation EES and first‐generation SES, although EES compared with SES was associated with a lower risk for composite endpoints such as TLF and TVF.
Dimension Tuning of All‐Inorganic Ag‐Based Metal Halides by Solvent Engineering
Authors: Yang Chuang , Wang Shanping , Chen Wenwen , Zhang Yu , Guo Fengwan , Zhou Yinhua , Wang Juan , Han Hongwei
Published: August 2023

Dimension growth of metal halides is important for its properties and applications. However, such dimension control of the metal halides is rarely reported in the literature and the growth mechanism is not clear yet. A minute difference of solvent properties can tremendously alter the process of nucleation and growth of crystals. Herein, an intriguing phenomenon of dimension tuning for Ag‐based metal halides is reported. The 1D Cs2AgCl3 crystals can be obtained in pure DMF while the 2D CsAgCl2 crystals are obtained in pure DMSO. Both exhibit bright yellow emission, which are derived from self‐trapping excitons (STEs). The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of Cs2AgCl3 (1D) and CsAgCl2 (2D) are 28.46 % and 20.61 %, respectively. In order to understand the mechanism of the dimension change, additional solvents (N,N‐dimethylacetamide, DMAC, 1,3‐Dimethyl‐Tetrahydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one, DMPU) are also selected to process the precursor for crystal growth. By comparing the functional group, dielectric constant, and donor number among the four solvents, we find the donor number plays the predominant role in nucleation process for Cs2AgCl3 and CsAgCl2. This research reveals the relationship between coordination ability of the solvent and the dimension of metal halides.
Phenylene‐containing polyethylenimine‐like polymers absorb and release CO2 to blow biomass‐based polyurethanes
Authors: Zhang Wen , Jiang Yang , Xie Xingyi
Published: August 2023

CO2 adducts of hydrophobically modified polyethylenimines (PEIs) are promising alternatives to global warming halogen‐containing blowing agents of polyurethanes (PUs), despite the high cost of the raw material PEIs. Herein, an economical synthesis of PEI‐like polymers was explored via condensation between pentaethylenehexamine and terephthalaldehyde, followed by chemical reduction of the as‐formed Schiff base linkages. The resultant p‐phenylene‐containing polyamine polymers (PEIPs) could be grafted with alkyl (Cn) side chains and adducted with CO2 to form a new type of CO2‐releasing blowing agents for PUs designated as yCn‐xPEIP‐CO2s, where x and y represent the backbone molecular weight and the side chain grafting rate, respectively. Among them, the specimen 10%C8−3.6 kPEIP‐CO2 was the most effective in terms of good dispersibility in PU raw materials, low foam density (about 51 kg/m3), and uniform pore morphology. Moreover, the phenylene linkages enhanced the hydrophobicity of the consequent CO2 adducts and weakened the intermolecular hydrogen bonding and ionic attraction, both facilitating the dispersion of the corresponding blowing agents into a castor oil‐derived polyol, Polycin M‐365. The specimen 10%C8−3.6 kPEIP‐CO2 could disperse as suspended fine floccules that finally aggregated into a flocculent, liquid‐like bottom layer, being easily redispersed into the bulk. The unique compatibility with plant oil‐derived polyols and the economic availability would make the PEIP‐based blowing agents suitable for the next generation of sustainable and biomass‐based PU foams.
Unraveling the Photophysical Characteristics, Aromaticity, and Stability of π–Extended Acene‐Quinodimethyl Thioamides†
Authors: Yang Guang , Yun Young Ju , Peccati Francesca , Jamhawi Abdelqader M. , Kamatham Nareshbabu , Jockusch Steffen , Jiménez‐Osés Gonzalo , Ayitou A. Jean‐Luc
Published: August 2023

Poly‐aromatic systems that contain quinodimethyl (QDM) units are appealing for several photonic and spintronic applications owing to the unique electronic structure, aromaticity, and spin state(s) of the QDM ring. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of novel QDM‐based chromophores 1–3, which exhibit unique photo‐excited behavior and aromaticity. Extending the aromatic core with a biphenyl/phenanthryl‐ and a pyrrolo‐fragment led to reducing the optoelectronic bandgap and modulating the photophysics QDM 1–3. Yet, QDM 2 and 3 suffer from “aromaticity imbalance” and become relatively unstable compared to the parent compound QDM 1. Further assessment of local aromaticity using computational tools revealed that the pseudo‐quinoidal ring B is the main driving force allowing to easily populate the excited triplet state of these chromophores. The present study provides complementary guidelines for designing novel non‐classical poly‐aromatic systems.
Tailoring Cu Electrodes for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction through Plasma Electrolysis in Non‐Conventional Phosphorus‐Oxoanion‐Based Electrolytes
Authors: Elnagar Mohamed M. , Menezes Pramod V. , Parada Walter A. , Mattausch Yannick , Kibler Ludwig A. , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Jacob Timo
Published: August 2023

This study presents a green, ultra‐fast, and facile technique for the fabrication of micro/nano‐structured and porous Cu electrodes through in‐liquid plasma electrolysis using phosphorous‐oxoanion‐based electrolytes. Besides the preferential surface faceting, the Cu electrodes exhibit unique surface structures, including octahedral nanocrystals besides nanoporous and microporous structures, depending on the employed electrolyte. The incorporation of P‐atoms into the Cu surfaces is observed. The modified Cu electrodes display increased roughness, leading to higher current densities for CO2 electroreduction reaction. The selectivity of the modified Cu electrodes towards C2 products is highest for the Cu electrodes treated in Na2HPO3 and Na3PO4 electrolytes, whereas those treated in Na2H2PO2 produce the most H2. The Cu electrode treated in Na3PO4 produces ethylene (23 %) at −1.1 V vs. RHE, and a comparable amount of acetaldehyde (15 %) that is typically observed for Cu(110) single crystals. The enhanced selectivity is attributed to several factors, including the surface morphology, the incorporation of phosphorus into the Cu structure, and the formation of Cu(110) facets. Our results not only advance our understanding of the influence of the electrolyte's nature on the plasma electrolysis of Cu electrodes, but also underscores the potential of in‐liquid plasma treatment for developing efficient Cu electrocatalysts for sustainable CO2 conversion.
Compact SCSRR‐based quad‐band antenna for Bluetooth, WiMAX, WLAN, and fixed‐satellite services
Authors: Balakrishnan Neeththi Aadithiya , Britto Elizabeth Caroline
Published: August 2023

This research describes the detailed analysis and design of the compact complex‐free structural metamaterial quad band radiating element applicable for Bluetooth, WiMAX, WLAN, and fixed‐satellite service. The radiating element designed is composed of an inner angle‐rotated circular Split Ring Resonator (SRR) placed within the outer square‐shaped SRR interlinked by a strip to design the multiband operational characteristics and is fed by a coplanar waveguide. Suggested radiating element is imprinted over the FR4 substrate material with the electrical dimension of 28 × 31.26 × 0.8 mm3. The initial outer‐closed square ring offers dual‐band operation by resonating at 2.8 and 8.5 GHz frequencies, and the incorporation of a circular SRR offers quad‐band operation. The unique negative permeability feature of the proposed Square and Circular Split Ring Resonator (SCSRR) structure is extracted, and its band characteristics are analyzed. Results obtained from the simulated radiating element are validated with the fabricated antenna. The measured E plane pattern resembles a numeric eight shape, and the H plane pattern is omnidirectional. Suggested SCSRR antenna offers a gain of above 3.2 dBi in all the operating bands.
Fundamental Understanding on Selenium Electrochemistry: From Electrolytic Cell to Advanced Energy Storage
Authors: Tu Jiguo , Chang Cheng , Wang Jingxiu , Lei Haiping , Kumar R. Vasant , Wang Mingyong , Jiao Shuqiang
Published: August 2023

Selenium (Se), as an important quasi‐metal element, has attracted much attention in the fields of thin‐film solar cells, electrocatalysts and energy storage applications, due to its unique physical and chemical properties. However, the electrochemical behavior of Se in different systems from electrolytic cell to battery are complex and not fully understood. In this article, we focus on the electrochemical processes of Se in aqueous solutions, molten salts and ionic liquid electrolytes, as well as the application of Se‐containing materials in energy storage. Initially, the electrochemical behaviors of Se‐containing species in different systems are comprehensively summarized to understand the complexity of the kinetic processes and guide the Se electrodeposition. Then, the relationship between the deposition conditions and resulting structure and morphology of electrodeposited Se is discussed, so as to regulate the morphology and composition of the products. Finally, the advanced energy storage applications of Se in thin‐film solar cells and secondary batteries are reviewed, and the electrochemical reaction processes of Se are systematically comprehended in monovalent and multivalent metal‐ion batteries. Based on understanding the fundamental electrochemistry mechanism, the future development directions of Se‐containing materials are considered in view of the in‐depth review of reaction kinetics and energy storage applications.
Short‐term outcomes after sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor initiation in a cohort of heart failure patients
Authors: Pérez Martínez Bryan O. , Adie Sarah K. , Marshall Vincent D. , Konerman Matthew C.
Published: August 2023

Aims

Sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) decrease mortality and risk of hospitalization in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). SGLT2i have a natriuretic effect shortly after initiation, followed by a lasting osmotic diuretic effect. We sought to evaluate rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) and therapy discontinuation with SGLT2i initiation in a real‐world cohort of HFrEF patients.

Methods and results

We abstracted data on 200 patients with HFrEF initiated on a SGLT2i in the outpatient setting at the University of Michigan (between 1 July 2016 and 2 July 2022). Our co‐primary endpoints were rate of AKI and discontinuation of SGLT2i. A total of 200 patients were included. The majority of patients were male (64%) with a mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 27%. One hundred and four (52%) patients had diabetes mellitus. Most patients exhibited New York Heart Association class II (51.5%) or III (33.5%) symptoms. The majority of patients (54%) were taking an angiotensin‐receptor neprilysin inhibitor. The mean daily furosemide equivalent diuretic dose was 93.3 mg. AKI occurred in 22 patients and 18 patients discontinued their SGLT2i. Yeast infection (n = 6), hypotension (n = 5), and AKI (n = 4) were the most common reasons for discontinuation. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the strongest models for AKI were A1C [area underneath its curve (AUC) = 75.8, empirical confidence interval (ECI) 66.5–83.5]; baseline serum creatinine (SCr) (AUC = 72.0, ECI 65.7–78.7); LVEF (AUC = 67.6, ECI 58.4–75.8); and furosemide equivalent diuretic dose (AUC = 66.0, ECI 57.5–74.6). Similarly, the strongest positive models for SGLT2i discontinuation were A1C (AUC = 81.1, ECI 74.8–87.2); baseline SCr (AUC = 67.4, ECI 58.7–75.5); LVEF (AUC = 68.7, ECI 58.9–76.5); and furosemide equivalent diuretic dose (AUC = 67.2, ECI 58.2–76.0).

Conclusions

A1C was the strongest model of AKI, and SGLT2i discontinuation in HFrEF patients started on SGLT2i. Glucosuria may be related to this effect. Patients with higher baseline SCr on higher doses of loop diuretics may be at greater risk of these outcomes. Future prospective studies will be needed to further evaluate these findings and other models of AKI and SGLT2i discontinuation to guide clinical use of SGLT2 inhibitors.
Stabilizing layered superlattice MoSe2 anodes by the rational solvation structure design for low‐temperature aqueous zinc‐ion batteries
Authors: Lv Zeheng , Kang Yuanhong , Tang Rong , Yang Jin , Chen Guanhong , Hu Yuhan , Lin Pengxiang , Yang Huiya , Wu Qilong , Zhang Minghao , Chen Fenghua , Peng Yueying , Yang Yang , Zhao Jinbao
Published: August 2023

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted widespread attention due to their intrinsic merits of low cost and high safety. However, the poor thermodynamic stability of Zn metal in aqueous electrolytes inevitably cause Zn dendrites growth and interface parasitic side reactions, resulting in unsatisfactory cycling stability and low Zn utilization. Replacing Zn anode with intercalation‐type anodes have emerged as a promising alternative strategy to overcome the above issues but the lack of appropriate anode materials is becoming the bottleneck. Herein, the interlayer structure of MoSe2 anode is preintercalated with long‐chain polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), constructing a periodically stacked p‐MoSe2 superlattice to activate the reversible Zn2+ storage performance (203 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1). To further improve the stability of the superlattice structure during cycling, the electrolyte is also rationally designed by adding 1,4‐Butyrolactone (γ‐GBL) additive into 3 M Zn(CF3SO3)2, in which γ‐GBL replaces the H2O in Zn2+ solvation sheath. The preferential solvation of γ‐GBL with Zn2+ effectively reduces the water activity and helps to achieve an ultra‐long lifespan of 12,000 cycles for p‐MoSe2. More importantly, the reconstructed solvation structure enables the operation of p‐MoSe2||ZnxNVPF (Na3V2(PO4)2O2F) AZIBs at an ultra‐low temperature of −40°C, which is expected to promote the practical applications of AZIBs.
A Simple, Mild, and Low‐Cost Method for Preparation of Wood‐Nigrosine in Solar‐Driven Interfacial Evaporation System
Authors: Li Lianjie , Jia Ye , Zeng Ke , He Zhen , Xue Jianqiang , Liu Anmin , Ma Tingli , Gao Liguo
Published: August 2023

The solar‐driven interfacial evaporation system has attracted much attention in recent years due to its reduced heat loss and accelerated steam generation. As a low‐cost and readily available resource, wood is widely applied as photothermal materials in solar‐driven interfacial evaporation system because of its superior water transfer and heat loss prevention properties. Herein, a simple, mild, and cost‐effective method is employed to fabricate wood‐based photothermal materials. The results demonstrate that the solar absorption rate of wood‐nigrosine is more than 97.5% across a wide wavelength range (200–2500 nm), and an evaporation rate of 1.46 kg m−2 h−1 and evaporation efficiency (86.1%) are achieved under 1‐sun illumination (100 mW cm−2). The solar‐driven interfacial evaporation system based on wood‐nigrosine exhibits strong structural stability and processing capability for dyes and seawater.
A Green Recycling Method for LiMn2O4 Cathode Materials by Simple Heat Treatment
Authors: Mou Zixia , Cai Yanjun , Yao Xiang , Tian Hualing , Zhang Yucai , Luo Qian , Kong Qingrong , Su Zhi
Published: August 2023

Herein, a facile method with high efficiency is proposed for the separation and regeneration of LiMn2O4 (LMO) cathode material for spent lithium‐ion batteries through a simple heat treatment method. At first, the aluminum foil is separated at 450 °C in air, with a separation efficiency as high as 97.95%. Then, separation LMO is regenerated with high crystallinity at 650 °C with an optimum calcination time of 6 h. Importantly, this method allows D‐LMO to exhibit high reversible capacity (133 mAh g−1 at 0.1C), high rate performance (101 mAh g−1 at 5C), and long lifespan (0.5C, 92.1% capacity retention ratio after 100 cycles). A positive effect of the pyrolysis of polyvinylidene fluoride on D‐LMO is also suggested by the results. Moreover, a detailed investigation of the kinetics of the separation and regeneration is done, and the electrochemical mechanism is explored. Furthermore, this method requires much less energy input and chemical consumption, which would be helpful for environmental protection and green recycling.
Intravenous perampanel as an alternative to the oral formulations in Japanese patients with epilepsy
Authors: Hanaya Ryosuke , Kubota Yuichi , Mizobuchi Masahiro , Iida Koji , Ono Tomonori , Motooka Hiromichi , Nakano Naoki , Fujimoto Ayataka , Iwasaki Masaki , Fukuda Masafumi , Kondo Akihiko , Uruno Katsuhisa , Yamamuro Shintaro , Yamaguchi Kohei , Onishi Kisaki , Ngo Leock Y , Inoue Yushi
Published: August 2023

Objective

Perampanel is an oral anti‐seizure medication, which is approved in Japan for focal‐onset seizures, with/without focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures, as monotherapy/adjunctive therapy in patients aged 4 years and older. Treatment for generalized tonic–clonic seizures as adjunctive therapy in patients aged 12 years and older is approved as well. We evaluated the feasibility of intravenous (IV) administration of perampanel as an alternative to oral administration.

Methods

Study 240 (NCT03754582) was an uncontrolled, open‐label study of IV perampanel, conducted in 21 Japanese patients with epilepsy who received a stable dose of 8–12 mg/day of oral perampanel. Patients received 30‐minute IV infusions at equivalent daily doses of oral perampanel for 4 days, then were switched back to oral perampanel. Safety, tolerability, plasma concentration, and maintenance of efficacy throughout the transition between IV and oral dosing of perampanel were assessed. As supportive data, a subgroup analysis was also conducted using data from healthy Japanese subjects (n = 18) who were enrolled in Study 050 (NCT03376997) investigating the pharmacokinetics and safety of IV perampanel in healthy subjects who received an IV infusion (30‐, 60‐, or 90‐minute) of perampanel 12 mg and a single oral administration of perampanel 12‐mg tablet.

Results

In Study 240, the transition between 30‐minute IV and oral perampanel dosing was associated with a ≤1.4‐fold increase in the mean change in maximum observed concentration of perampanel. Seizure outcomes demonstrated no considerable changes in efficacy before, during, or after 30‐minute IV dosing of perampanel. The safety profiles were similar between IV and oral formulations. In Study 050, the pharmacokinetics of 30‐ or 60‐minute IV infusion of perampanel further support the interchangeability between oral and IV formulations in the Japanese subjects.

Significance

These results support that 30‐minute IV perampanel may be a potential short‐term alternative to oral formulations for patients with epilepsy.
Validating and developing a shortened version of the detail and flexibility (DFlex) questionnaire for eating disorders, anxiety and depression
Authors: Giles Sarah , Hughes Elizabeth K. , Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz Matthew , Kiropoulos Litza , Donnelly Brooke , Russell Janice , Krug Isabel
Published: August 2023

Objective

To validate the original and a shortened version of the Detail and Flexibility (DFlex) Questionnaire.

Method

Confirmatory factor analyses, internal consistency, and discriminant validity estimates were conducted within individuals with a diagnosis of an eating disorder (ED) (n = 124), an anxiety disorder and/or depression (n = 219), and a community sample (n = 852) (Part 1). Convergent validity of the DFlex through comparisons with the Autism Spectrum Quotient, Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, and Group Embedded Figures Task was undertaken within a combined ED and community sample (N = 68). Test‐retest reliability of the DFlex was also examined across 2 years in a community sample (N = 85) (Part 2).

Results

The original factor structure of the DFlex was not supported. Hence, a shortened version, the DFlex‐Revised, was developed. Good discriminant validity was obtained for the DFlex and DFlex‐Revised, however, support for convergent validity was mixed. Finally, the 2‐year test‐retest reliability for the two DFlex versions was found to be low, suggesting potential malleability in construct over this timeframe.

Conclusions

Further research is needed to validate the DFlex in clinical and non‐clinical populations using different neurocognitive tests. Test‐retest, using varied time intervals, should also be assessed.
Performance analysis of multistage high‐temperature heat pump cycle
Authors: Kim Seon Tae , Hegner Robert , Özuylasi Göksel , Stathopoulos Panagiotis , Nicke Eberhard
Published: August 2023

High‐temperature heat pumps (HTHPs) that can supply heat at temperatures at and above 200°C have the potential to increase energy efficiency and decrease carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in industrial processes. In this study, three reversed Rankine cycles using water vapor (R‐718) as the working medium, with different intercooling strategies, were proposed and their performance has been investigated. The thermodynamic performance was estimated under different operating conditions, and the optimal pressure ratio (PR) between compression stages was found to be where both compressors had the same PR. The thermodynamic efficiency, φ, and exergy efficiency, ηexergy, were also analyzed at the optimum PR. The cycles that employed an intercooler between the first and second compression stages (IC cycles) showed higher φ and ηexergy values compared with the spray‐injection cycle. Among the IC cycles, the IC‐in cycle, with an inward flow direction of heat sink to the IC, demonstrated higher efficiency and deliverable temperature, Tsink out, than the spray‐injection and IC‐out cycles. To assess the practical impact of the HTHP cycles on industrial CO2 reduction, the PR for each stage was limited to 2.5. Theoretically, the IC‐in cycle could achieve a coefficient of performance of 5.86 with a Tsink out of 200°C or higher when Tevap and Tcond were at 90°C and 150°C, respectively. Additionally, the study demonstrated that the proposed HTHP system has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions by 8.1% in 2030 for industrial heat supply at temperature up to 200°C, by replacing existing industrial fossil boilers with high‐efficiency HTHP.
MUDROID: Android malware detection and classification based on permission and behavior for autonomous vehicles
Authors: Tang Binhui , Da Hai , Wang Bochang , Wang Junfeng
Published: August 2023

With the growing popularity of autonomous vehicles, ensuring their safety has become a significant concern. Vehicle manufacturers have incorporated the Android operating system to enhance user convenience. However, the Android operating system's diversity and vulnerability may significantly impact autonomous vehicles because these natures lead to a critical threat in autonomous vehicle security: Android malware. The complex nature of multi‐data sources fusion in autonomous driving systems has resulted in low detection efficiency and accuracy for Android malware. Given the security requirements for autonomous‐driving systems, this article presents an Android malware classification method centered around the multifeature fusion and deep learning architecture designed to detect and classify Android malware within autonomous‐driving systems. The proposed MUDROID framework relies on the Android permission mechanism and behavioral feature to formulate a malware classification model. Comprising four essential components—feature extraction, representation, multifeature fusion, and classifier training, MUDROID leverages the advantages of CNN and GCN combination model and is adept at extracting and interpreting multidimensional features, consequently constructing a multifeature fusion classifier to amplify the efficiency and accuracy of Android malware detection and classification. The experiment results support MUDROID's superior classification performance, with an impressive Android malware detection accuracy rate of 98.69% and family classification (95.42%). The proposed method can detect and classify Android malware effectively, thus elevating the security and robustness of the self‐driving system. Additionally, the approach in this article also addresses feature representation issues in detecting malware variants, facilitating the recognition of Android malware variants across diverse platforms.
Pyracantha as a promising functional food: A comprehensive review on bioactive characteristics, pharmacological activity, and industrial applications
Authors: Song Shengnan , Li Jiaxun , Liu Haoyao , Qi Yunyang , Subbiah Vigasini , Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Setzer William N. , Suleria Hafiz A. R.
Published: August 2023

Pyracantha is a plant with edible and medicinal value and widely distributed from eastern Asia to southern Europe but is underutilized and has great potential. As scientists gradually study its properties, it was found that Pyracantha contains various phytochemical components such as pigments and phospholipids. Meanwhile, Pyracantha is also rich in phenolic substances, such as flavonoids. The extract of Pyracantha shows strong biological properties, such as inhibition of tyrosinase activity, anti‐oxidative, and tumor‐preventive effects. Pyracantha bioavailability releases quantities of compounds in the food matrix from the digestive process that are important for its health‐promoting properties. The extraction of biologically active substances in Pyracantha would be applied in various aspects. Their extracts can also be used as health food, food additives, and cosmetics. As the interaction of phytochemicals, proteins, and phenolic compounds can affect the pharmacological activity and bioavailability of Pyracantha, it is important to understand the mechanism of effect, which can further allow consumers to choose a healthier Pyracantha dietary culture. This review aims to prove the nutritional components and pharmacological activities of Pyracantha and to make consumers better aware of the benefits of Pyracantha in connection with their bioavailability and application, in order to provide a reference for further research and development of Pyracantha resources.
Facing Progress with Pragmatism: Telemedicine and Family Medicine
Authors: Tunzi Marc
Published: August 2023

The singular expertise of family physicians is the ability to manage complexity with pragmatism, both clinically and ethically. Telemedicine raises multiple questions about the nature of the patient‐physician relationship as manifested in clinical encounters. Some of these questions are concerning, underscoring the need to assess whether medical care is better with this new technology—or if it is just different or maybe even worse. It seems clear, however, that, regardless of its limitations, telemedicine is here to stay. The pragmatic complex ethical question, then, is how all of us together—both medical professionals and society at large—will manage it.
Evaluation of the novel therapeutic anti‐CCR7 antibody CAP‐100 as an add‐on therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients receiving venetoclax
Authors: Mateu‐Albero Tamara , Marcos‐Jimenez Ana , Delgado‐Wicke Pablo , Terrón Fernando , Loscertales Javier , López‐Matencio José María Serra , Muñoz‐Calleja Cecilia , Cuesta‐Mateos Carlos
Published: August 2023

The Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib and the B‐cell lymphoma 2 anti‐apoptotic protein inhibitor venetoclax provide high response rates in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, there is a growing number of patients that relapse after treatment or show refractory disease, thus new targets and agents are still needed. We have previously reported the chemokine receptor CCR7 as a relevant deregulated target in CLL and have developed CAP‐100, a novel therapeutic anti‐CCR7 antibody that is under evaluation for relapse/refractory CLL (NCT04704323). While CCR7 expression has been shown to be down‐modulated in CLL patients treated with ibrutinib, whether venetoclax acts in a similar manner remains unaddressed. Here, we aimed to document the impact of venetoclax on CCR7 expression in CLL cells, as well as on the pre‐clinical activity of CAP‐100. To this end, we addressed CCR7 expression by flow cytometry and the antibody efficacy by means of in vitro chemotactic and antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays. Our data indicate that venetoclax treatment did not significantly modify CCR7 expression pattern nor CAP‐100 mechanisms of action. Together, these findings support CAP‐100 as an adjuvant therapy to venetoclax that may introduce additional modes of action in CLL therapy.
Challenges and solutions in clinical research during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A narrative review
Authors: Nomali Mahin , Mehrdad Neda , Heidari Mohammad Eghbal , Ayati Aryan , Yadegar Amirhossein , Payab Moloud , Olyaeemanesh Alireza , Larijani Bagher
Published: August 2023

Background and Aims

The COVID‐19 pandemic has presented significant challenges to clinical research, necessitating the adoption of innovative and remote methods to conduct studies. This study aimed to investigate these challenges and propose solutions for conducting clinical research during the pandemic.

Methods

A narrative review was conducted (approval ID: IR.AMS.REC.1401.029), utilizing keyword searches in PubMed and Web of Science (WOS) citation index expanded (SCI‐EXPANDED) from January 2020 to January 2023. Keywords included COVID‐19, clinical research, barriers, obstacles, facilitators and enablers.

Results

Out of 2508 records retrieved, 43 studies were reviewed, providing valuable insights into the challenges and corresponding solutions for conducting clinical research during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The identified challenges were categorized into four main groups: issues related to researchers or investigators, issues related to participants and ethical concerns, administrative issues, and issues related to research implementation. To address these challenges, multiple strategies were proposed, including remote monitoring through phone or video visits, online data collection and interviews to minimize in‐person contact, development of virtual platforms for participant interaction and questionnaire completion, consideration of financial incentives, adherence to essential criteria such as inclusion and exclusion parameters, participant compensation, and risk assessment for vulnerable patients.

Conclusion

The COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly impacted clinical research, requiring the adaptation and enhancement of existing research structures. Although remote methods and electronic equipment have limitations, they hold promise as effective solutions during this challenging period.
Global patterns of cancer transitions: A modelling study
Authors: Yang Fan , Sun Dianqin , Ding Chao , Xia Changfa , Li He , Cao Maomao , Yan Xinxin , He Siyi , Zhang Shaoli , Chen Wanqing
Published: August 2023

Cancer is a major contributor to global disease burden. Many countries experienced or are experiencing the transition that non‐infection‐related cancers replace infection‐related cancers. We aimed to characterise burden changes for major types of cancers and identify global transition patterns. We focused on 10 most common cancers worldwide and extracted age‐standardised incidence and mortality in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019 through the Global Burden of Disease Study. Two‐stage modelling design was used. First, we applied growth mixture models (GMMs) to identify distinct trajectories for incidence and mortality of each cancer type. Next, we performed latent class analysis to detect cancer transition patterns based on the categorisation results from GMMs. Kruskal‐Wallis H tests were conducted to evaluate associations between transition patterns and socioeconomic indicators. Three distinct patterns were identified as unfavourable, intermediate and favourable stages. Trajectories of lung and breast cancers had the strongest association with transition patterns among men and women. The unfavourable stage was characterised by rapid increases in lung, breast and colorectal cancers alongside stable or decreasing burden of gastric, cervical, oesophageal and liver cancers. In contrast, the favourable stage exhibited rapid declines in most cancers. The unfavourable stage was associated with lower sociodemographic index, health expenditure, gross domestic product per capita and higher maternal mortality ratio (P < .001 for all associations). Our findings suggest that unfavourable, intermediate and favourable transition patterns exist. Countries and territories in the unfavourable stage tend to be socioeconomically disadvantaged, and tailored intervention strategies are needed in these resource‐limited settings.
Effects of treating subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy in India: Are we treating too many for little gain? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ram Uma , Thirunavukkarasu Mathangi , Shyam Krishna , Ghebremichael‐Weldeselassie Yonas , Sukumar Nithya , Saravanan Ponnusamy
Published: August 2023

Objective

To assess the impact of treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) on short‐term pregnancy outcomes.

Method

Data from 4526 consecutive women with singleton pregnancies who delivered between January 2015 and December 2017 were analyzed. SCH was defined as a thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) level between 2.5 and 10 mU/mL with normal free thyroxine. Of those with SCH, some were treated but others were not. These two groups were compared using χ2 and Student t tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Multiple logistic regression models, adjusted for maternal age, body mass index, parity, gestation at TSH measurement, and gestational diabetes mellitus status, were used to investigate the effect of treatment on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.

Results

In all, 1227 (27.1%) of 4526 women had SCH, of whom 393 (32.0%) were treated. The mean age and body mass index were similar in both groups. The mean gestation at measuring of TSH was 11.7 ± 6.5 weeks. There was no significant difference in pregnancy or neonatal outcomes between the two groups. A sub‐group analysis when SCH was defined as TSH 4.0 mU/mL or greater showed a higher rate of large for gestational age and lower rates of low birth weight and small for gestational age in the treated group.

Conclusions

The prevalence of SCH based on the international guidelines threshold is high in India. Treatment of SCH did not show any difference in pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in this study.
A case series and literature review of blastomycosis during pregnancy amidst the COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: Walker Caitlin , Mandujano Alicia , Jani Akash
Published: August 2023

Blastomycosis dermatitidis is a rare fungus known for is classic mimicry of pneumonia, lung cancer, and mycobacterial infections. Whilst it is known best for affecting those in the Ohio and Mississippi River basins, several cases have erupted in the Midwest region. Few case reports have focused on blastomycosis and its sequalae in pregnancy. We present a case series of blastomycosis diagnosed during the second and third trimesters in two women amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic. Given immunosuppression, complications and treatment can be challenging for clinicians. This case series and discussion hopes to provide future clinicians with the presentation, diagnosis, management, and treatment of this uncommon infection.
Intervention of music therapy on emotional disorders of autistic children in the context of intelligent medical internet of things
Authors: Huang Yufang
Published: August 2023

Many parents have been troubled by the emotional problems of autistic children. Emotional disorders are one of the main characteristics of autistic children in terms of thinking, interpersonal relationship, language communication and intelligence. The rapid development of intelligent medicine and the Internet of Things has provided more facilities for music therapy in the field of rehabilitation, such as equipment tools, case analysis and training practice. In this paper, four autistic children with emotional disorders were treated and intervened with Orff music therapy and visual music therapy. The average probability of occurrence of emotional disorders in children with autism No.1 and No.2 before intervention was 53.2% and 53% respectively. After receiving Orff music therapy, the average probability of emotional disorders decreased to 44.9% and 38.6% respectively; the average probability of occurrence of emotional disorders in children with autism No.3 and No.4 before intervention was 40.3% and 50.2% respectively. After receiving visual music therapy, the average probability of occurrence of emotional disorders decreased to 33.7% and 44.2% respectively. Using music, pictures, lighting and other therapeutic elements, the visual and auditory motor sense is organically combined. Through the interaction between the therapist and the treatment object, to adjust the children's emotions, to awaken, stimulate, soothe, catharsis and other spiritual effects.
Enhanced osteogenic and antibacterial properties of polyetheretherketone by ultraviolet‐initiated grafting polymerization of a gelatin methacryloyl/epsilon‐poly‐L‐lysine/laponite hydrogel coating
Authors: Chen Yuhong , Chen Yiyi , Han Tianlei , Xie Zhe , Yang Yuchen , Chen Siyuan , Wang Chen
Published: August 2023

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a promising material for use in orthopedic implants, but its bio‐inert character and lack of antibacterial activity limit its applications in bone repair. In the present study, considering the advantages of PEEK in self‐initiated graft polymerization and of hydrogels in bone tissue engineering, we constructed a hydrogel coating (GPL) consisting of Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), methacrylamide‐modified ε‐poly‐l‐lysine (ε‐PLMA) and Laponite on PEEK through UV‐initiated crosslinking. The coating improved the hydrophilicity of PEEK, and the coating degraded slowly so that approximately 80% was retained after incubation in PBS for 8 weeks. In vitro studies revealed that as compared to culturing on PEEK, culturing on PEEK‐GPL led to enhanced viability and adhesion of cultured human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ‐MSCs). Due to the synergistic effect of the micron‐scale three‐dimensional surface and Laponite, PEEK‐GPL exhibited a significantly improved induction of osteogenic differentiation of hWJ‐MSCs compared to PEEK, as demonstrated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity, matrix mineralization, and expression of osteogenesis‐related genes. Furthermore, PEEK‐GPL showed antibacterial activity upon contact with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and this activity would be maintained before complete degradation of the hydrogel because the ε‐PLMA was cross‐linked covalently into the coating. Thus, PEEK‐GPL achieved both osteogenesis and infection prevention in a single simple step, providing a feasible approach for the extensive use of PEEK in bone implants.
A Risk Assessment Tool for Predicting Fragility Fractures in People with HIV: Derivation and Internal Validation of the FRESIA Model
Authors: Vizcarra Pilar , Moreno Ana , Vivancos María J. , Muriel García Alfonso , Ramirez Schacke Margarita , González-Garcia Juan , Curran Adrián , Palacios Rosario , Sánchez Guirao Antonio Jesús , Reus Bañuls Sergio , Moreno Guillén Santiago , Casado José L. ,   on behalf of the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS)
Published: August 2023

People with HIV have a higher risk of fracture than the general population. Because of the low performance of the existing prediction tools, there is controversy surrounding fracture risk estimation in this population. The aim of the study was to develop a model for predicting the long-term risk of fragility fractures in people with HIV. We included 11,899 individuals aged ≥30 years from the Spanish HIV/AIDS research network cohort. We identified incident fragility fractures from medical records, defined as nontraumatic or those occurring after a casual fall, at major osteoporotic sites (hip, clinical spine, forearm, proximal humerus). Our model accounted for the competing risk of death and included 12 candidate predictors to estimate the time to first fragility fracture. We assessed the discrimination and calibration of the model and compared it with the FRAX tool. The incidence rate of fragility fractures was 4.34 (95% CI 3.61 to 5.22) per 1000 person-years. The final prediction model included age, chronic kidney disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as significant predictors. The model accurately predicted the 5- and 10-year risk of fragility fractures, with an area under the receiving operator characteristic curve of 0.768 (95% CI 0.722 to 0.814) and agreement between the observed and expected probabilities. Furthermore, it demonstrated better discrimination and calibration than the FRAX tool, improving the classification of over 35% of individuals with fragility fractures compared to FRAX. Our prediction model demonstrated accuracy in predicting the long-term risk of fragility fractures. It can assist in making personalized intervention decisions for individuals with HIV and could potentially replace the current tools recommended for fracture risk assessment in this population. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Random polynomial graphs for random Turán problems
Authors: Spiro Sam
Published: August 2023

Bukh and Conlon used random polynomial graphs to give effective lower bounds on , where is the th power of a balanced rooted tree . We extend their result to give effective lower bounds on , which is the maximum number of edges in a ‐free subgraph of the random graph . Analogous bounds for generalized Turán numbers in random graphs are also proven.