bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wild-type p53 binds to MYC promoter G-quadruplex
Authors: Petr Marek , Helma Robert , Polášková Alena , Krejčí Aneta , Dvořáková Zuzana , Kejnovská Iva , Navrátilová Lucie , Adámik Matej , Vorlíčková Michaela , Brázdová Marie
Published: September 2016

G-quadruplexes are four-stranded nucleic acid structures that are implicated in the regulation of transcription, translation and replication. Genome regions enriched in putative G-quadruplex motifs include telomeres and gene promoters. Tumour suppressor p53 plays a critical role in regulatory pathways leading to cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and apoptosis. In addition to transcriptional regulation mediated via sequence-specific DNA binding, p53 can selectively bind various non-B DNA structures. In the present study, wild-type p53 (wtp53) binding to G-quadruplex formed by MYC promoter nuclease hypersensitive element (NHE) III1 region was investigated. Wtp53 binding to MYC G-quadruplex is comparable to interaction with specific p53 consensus sequence (p53CON). Apart from the full-length wtp53, its isolated C-terminal region (aa 320–393) as well, is capable of high-affinity MYC G-quadruplex binding, suggesting its critical role in this type of interaction. Moreover, wtp53 binds to MYC promoter region containing putative G-quadruplex motif in two wtp53-expressing cell lines. The results suggest that wtp53 binding to G-quadruplexes can take part in transcriptional regulation of its target genes.
Vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction in diabetes: nuclear receptors channel to relaxation
Authors: Doyon Geneviève , Bruemmer Dennis
Published: September 2016

Endothelial dysfunction and impaired vascular relaxation represent a common cause of microvascular disease in patients with diabetes. Although multiple mechanisms underlying altered endothelial cell function in diabetes have been described, there is currently no specific and approved pharmacological treatment. In this edition of Clinical Science, Morales-Cano et al. characterize voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channels as genes regulated by pharmacological activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-b/d (PPARb/d). Diabetes altered Kv channel function leading to impaired coronary artery relaxation, which was prevented by pharmacological activation of PPARb/d. These studies highlight an important mechanism of vascular dysfunction in diabetes and point to a potential approach for therapy, particularly considering that PPARb/d ligands have been developed and tested in small clinical trials.
EasyFlow: increasing the convergence basin of variational image matching with a feature‐based cost
Authors: Braux‐Zin Jim , Dupont Romain , Bartoli Adrien , Tamaazousti Mohamed
Published: September 2016

Dense motion field estimation is a key computer vision problem. Many solutions have been proposed to compute small or large displacements, narrow or wide baseline stereo disparity, or non‐rigid surface registration, but a unified methodology is still lacking. The authors introduce a general framework that robustly combines direct and feature‐based matching. The feature‐based cost is built around a novel robust distance function that handles keypoints and weak features such as segments. It allows us to use putative feature matches to guide dense motion estimation out of local minima. The authors’ framework uses a robust direct data term. It is implemented with a powerful second‐order regularisation with external and self‐occlusion reasoning. Their framework achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance in several cases (standard optical flow benchmarks, wide‐baseline stereo and non‐rigid surface registration). Their framework has a modular design that customises to specific application needs.
Modified LLC resonant converter with secondary paralleled bidirectional switch for applications with hold‐up time requirement
Authors: Sun Wenjin , Wu Hongfei , Hu Haibing , Xing Yan
Published: September 2016

For applications with hold‐up time requirement, the conventional LLC converter requires a small magnetising inductance Lm to provide enough output voltage gain under the hold‐up operation. However, it deteriorates the efficiency in normal operation. Different from the conventional one, the proposed converter has a bidirectional switch paralleled with the secondary winding of the transformer. In normal operation, the secondary bidirectional switch remains off, and the proposed converter works around the resonant frequency fr as the conventional one. While during the hold‐up time, the converter provides sufficient output voltage gain with phase‐shift control between primary and secondary switches. However, its output voltage gain is mainly determined by the phase shift angle φ and the normalised load pon but not the Lm. Then it can have a larger Lm than the conventional LLC converter, decreasing primary conduction and turn‐off losses, and improving the efficiency in normal operation. A 200 V/420 W prototype was built, and experimental results show that the efficiency can be improved by 1% compared with the conventional LLC converter in normal operation, which has verified the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
Particle swarm optimisation‐based modified SHE method for cascaded H‐bridge multilevel inverters
Authors: Etesami Mohammadhossein , Ghasemi Negareh , Vilathgamuwa Don Mahinda , Malan Wynand Louis
Published: September 2016

Low‐frequency switching strategies are considered as an effective way of achieving efficient performance in multilevel inverters. Selective harmonic elimination (SHE) is a modulation technique of this category which gives a superior outcome suppressing low‐order detrimental harmonics. Limited number of decision variables offered by SHE in the corresponding non‐linear equations hinders obtaining high‐quality waveforms. Current research is targeted on two distinct objectives for cascaded H‐bridge inverters. First objective is to obtain a high‐quality output signal. The second one is accomplishing a realistic solution with compromised voltage quality where a broad operating range becomes mathematically challenging. These aims are achievable by deploying additional degree of freedom in the equation set. In other words, the introduction of floating voltage levels contributes to effectively doubling the number of variables. The enhancement of output waveforms is presented through several illustrations and comparisons. Subsequent laboratory implementation validates the proposal and confirms its feasibility.
Current Management of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures: A Multidisciplinary Survey and Literature Review
Authors: Farber Scott J. , Nguyen Dennis C. , Skolnick Gary B. , Woo Albert S. , Patel Kamlesh B.
Published: September 2016

Despite the prevalence of zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures, there is no consensus regarding the best approach to management. The aim of this study is to determine differences in ZMC fracture treatment among various surgical specialties. A survey was conducted regarding treatment of patients with different ZMC fractures that included a minimally displaced fracture (Case 1), a displaced fracture without diplopia (Case 2), a displaced fracture with diplopia (Case 3), and a complex comminuted fracture (Case 4). The survey was distributed to members of plastic surgery, oral maxillofacial surgery, and otolaryngology societies. The rates of surgical treatment, exploration of the orbital floor, and plating three or more buttresses were analyzed among the specialties. A total of 173 surgeons participated (46 plastic and reconstructive surgeons, 25 oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and 102 otolaryngologists). In Case 1, a significantly higher percentage of plastic surgeons recommend an operation ( p < 0.01) compared with other specialties. More than 90% of surgeons would perform an operation on Case 2. Plastic surgeons explored the orbital floor ( p < 0.01) and also fixated three or more buttresses more frequently ( p < 0.01). More than 93% of surgeons would operate on Case 3, with plastic surgeons having the greatest proportion who fixed three or more buttresses ( p < 0.01). In Case 4, there was no difference in treatment patterns between specialties. Across the specialties, more fixation was placed by surgeons with fewer years in practice (<10 years). Conclusion There is no consensus on standard treatment of ZMC fractures, as made evident by the survey. Significant variability in fracture type warrants an individualized approach to management. A thorough review on ZMC fracture management is provided.
Primärprävention in der Allgemeinarztpraxis: Eine Befragung
Authors: Holmberg C. , Muckelbauer R. , Sarganas G. , Braun V. , Heintze C. , Dini L. , Müller-Nordhorn J.
Published: September 2016

Ziel der Studie: Nach dem fünften Sozialgesetzbuch §20 Abs. 1 können die Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherungen (GKV) Kosten für primärpräventive Programme im Bereich Bewegung, Ernährung, Stressmanagement und Suchtmittelkonsum bis zu 80% rückerstatten. Inwieweit Allgemeinärzte in ihrer Praxis auf solche Angebote verweisen oder selbst im Primärpräventionsbereich Programme nach §20 oder als individuelle Gesundheitsleistungen (IGeL) anbieten, ist unbekannt. Ziel der hier dargestellten Befragung war es, zu erfassen, an welche Anbieter sie für Primärpräventionsangebote verweisen und inwieweit sie dabei berücksichtigen, ob diese erstattungsfähig sind. Zusätzlich wurde untersucht, inwieweit Allgemeinärzte/innen individuelle Gesundheitsleistungen (IGeL) in diesen Bereichen anbieten.

Methodik: Zwischen November 2010 und Februar 2011 erhielten alle Allgemeinärzte mit Praxissitz in Berlin (n=1 168) einen Fragebogen, der erfasste ob und auf welche Präventionsprogramme sie ihre Patienten hinweisen, inwieweit sie dabei berücksichtigen, dass diese erstattungsfähig sind und ob sie Präventionsprogramme nach §20 oder als IGeL anbieten. Deskriptive Statistik und multivariate logistische Regression wurden durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse: Von 474 Teilnehmenden (Rücklaufquote: 41%) waren 67% weiblich. In der eigenen Praxis boten 22% der Allgemeinärzte Präventionsprogramme nach §20 und 42% IGeL an. Von den Befragten gaben 63% an, darauf zu achten, dass Präventionsprogramme teilerstattungsfähig sind. Allgemeinärzte, die jünger als 50 Jahre alt waren, boten fast doppelt so häufig Präventionsprogramme nach §20 als Ärzte über 50 Jahren an (OR=1,7; 95% KI 1,1–2,8; p-Wert 0,025).

Schlussfolgerungen: Eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung des neuen Präventionsgesetztes erfordert ein Wissen zu teilerstattungsfähigen Präventionsprogrammen bei Ärzten. Hier ist zum Teil ein Informationsdefizit vorhanden.
Mitigation of hard x-ray background in backlit pinhole imagers
Authors: Fein J. R. , Keiter P. A. , Holloway J. P. , Klein S. R. , Davis J. S. , Drake R. P.
Published: September 2016

Experiments were performed to mitigate the hard x-ray background commonly observed in backlit pinhole imagers. The material of the scaffold holding the primary backlighter foil was varied to reduce the laser-plasma instabilities responsible for hot electrons and resulting hard x-ray background. Radiographic measurements with image plates showed a factor of >25 decrease in x-rays between 30 and 67 keV when going from a plastic to Al or V scaffold. A potential design using V scaffold offers a signal-to-background ratio of 6:1, a factor of 2 greater than using the bare plastic scaffold.
Scaling of large-scale quantities in Rayleigh-Bénard convection
Authors: Pandey Ambrish , Verma Mahendra K.
Published: September 2016

We derive a formula for the Péclet number (Pe) by estimating the relative strengths of various terms of the momentum equation. Using direct numerical simulations in three dimensions, we show that in the turbulent regime, the fluid acceleration is dominated by the pressure gradient, with relatively small contributions arising from the buoyancy and the viscous term; in the viscous regime, acceleration is very small due to a balance between the buoyancy and the viscous term. Our formula for Pe describes the past experiments and numerical data quite well. We also show that the ratio of the nonlinear term and the viscous term is ReRa−0.14, where Re and Ra are Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers, respectively, and that the viscous dissipation rate ϵu = (U3/d)Ra−0.21, where U is the root mean square velocity and d is the distance between the two horizontal plates. The aforementioned decrease in nonlinearity compared to free turbulence arises due to the wall effects.
Analytic energy derivatives for the calculation of the first-order molecular properties using the domain-based local pair-natural orbital coupled-cluster theory
Authors: Datta Dipayan , Kossmann Simone , Neese Frank
Published: September 2016

The domain-based local pair-natural orbital coupled-cluster (DLPNO-CC) theory has recently emerged as an efficient and powerful quantum-chemical method for the calculation of energies of molecules comprised of several hundred atoms. It has been demonstrated that the DLPNO-CC approach attains the accuracy of a standard canonical coupled-cluster calculation to about 99.9% of the basis set correlation energy while realizing linear scaling of the computational cost with respect to system size. This is achieved by combining (a) localized occupied orbitals, (b) large virtual orbital correlation domains spanned by the projected atomic orbitals (PAOs), and (c) compaction of the virtual space through a truncated pair natural orbital (PNO) basis. In this paper, we report on the implementation of an analytic scheme for the calculation of the first derivatives of the DLPNO-CC energy for basis set independent perturbations within the singles and doubles approximation (DLPNO-CCSD) for closed-shell molecules. Perturbation-independent one-particle density matrices have been implemented in order to account for the response of the CC wave function to the external perturbation. Orbital-relaxation effects due to external perturbation are not taken into account in the current implementation. We investigate in detail the dependence of the computed first-order electrical properties (e.g., dipole moment) on the three major truncation parameters used in a DLPNO-CC calculation, namely, the natural orbital occupation number cutoff used for the construction of the PNOs, the weak electron-pair cutoff, and the domain size cutoff. No additional truncation parameter has been introduced for property calculation. We present benchmark calculations on dipole moments for a set of 10 molecules consisting of 20-40 atoms. We demonstrate that 98%-99% accuracy relative to the canonical CCSD results can be consistently achieved in these calculations. However, this comes with the price of tightening the threshold for the natural orbital occupation number cutoff by an order of magnitude compared to the DLPNO-CCSD energy calculations.
Bifurcation of eigenvalues in nonlinear problems with antilinear symmetry
Authors: Dohnal Tomáš , Siegl Petr
Published: September 2016

Many physical systems can be described by eigenvalues of nonlinear equations and bifurcation problems with a linear part that is non-selfadjoint, e.g., due to the presence of loss and gain. The balance of these effects is reflected in an antilinear symmetry, e.g., the PT-symmetry. Under the symmetry we show that the nonlinear eigenvalues bifurcating from real linear eigenvalues remain real and the corresponding nonlinear eigenfunctions remain symmetric. The abstract result is applied in a number of physical models of Bose-Einstein condensation, nonlinear optics, and superconductivity, and numerical examples are presented.
From generalized Langevin equations to Brownian dynamics and embedded Brownian dynamics
Authors: Ma Lina , Li Xiantao , Liu Chun
Published: September 2016

We present the reduction of generalized Langevin equations to a coordinate-only stochastic model, which in its exact form involves a forcing term with memory and a general Gaussian noise. It will be shown that a similar fluctuation-dissipation theorem still holds at this level. We study the approximation by the typical Brownian dynamics as a first approximation. Our numerical test indicates how the intrinsic frequency of the kernel function influences the accuracy of this approximation. In the case when such an approximate is inadequate, further approximations can be derived by embedding the nonlocal model into an extended dynamics without memory. By imposing noises in the auxiliary variables, we show how the second fluctuation-dissipation theorem is still exactly satisfied.
Modification of narrow ablating capillaries under the influence of multiple femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Gubin K. V. , Lotov K. V. , Trunov V. I. , Pestryakov E. V.
Published: September 2016

Powerful femtosecond laser pulses that propagate through narrow ablating capillaries cause modification of capillary walls, which is studied experimentally and theoretically. At low intensities, the laser-induced periodic surface structures and porous coating composed of sub-micron particles appear on the walls. At higher intensities, the surface is covered by deposited droplets of the size up to 10 μm. In both cases, the ablated material forms a solid plug that completely blocks the capillary after several hundreds or thousands of pulses. The suggested theoretical model indicates that the plug formation is a universal effect. It must take place in any narrow tube subject to ablation under the action of short laser pulses.
A model for Be-related photo-absorption in compensated GaN:Be substrates
Authors: Willoughby W. R. , Zvanut M. E. , Dashdorj J. , Bockowski M.
Published: September 2016

A photo-induced electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) attributed to beryllium-related acceptors was identified in GaN:Be substrates grown by the high nitrogen pressure solution technique. The acceptors, initially compensated by shallow O-related donors, were observed after illumination with photon energy greater than 2.7 eV. To adequately fit the time-dependent photo-EPR data over time periods up to 90 min, a two-defect model was developed based on three charge transfer processes: (1) photo-excitation of electrons from compensated acceptors, (2) electron capture by the positively charged donors and neutral acceptors directly from the conduction band, and (3) electron transfer from the donors to acceptors. The analysis of the spectral dependence of the optical cross section leads to the Be-related acceptor level lying 0.7 eV above the valence band maximum, consistent with the role of the acceptor as a compensating center as well as the 2.2 eV luminescence that others observed from these and other GaN:Be samples.
On the influence of the intermolecular potential on the wetting properties of water on silica surfaces
Authors: Pafong E. , Geske J. , Drossel B.
Published: September 2016

We study the wetting properties of water on silica surfaces using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. To describe the intermolecular interaction between water and silica atoms, two types of interaction potential models are used: the standard BródkA and Zerda (BZ) model and the Gulmen and Thompson (GT) model. We perform an in-depth analysis of the influence of the choice of the potential on the arrangement of the water molecules in partially filled pores and on top of silica slabs. We find that at moderate pore filling ratios, the GT silica surface is completely wetted by water molecules, which agrees well with experimental findings, while the commonly used BZ surface is less hydrophilic and is only partially wetted. We interpret our simulation results using an analytical calculation of the phase diagram of water in partially filled pores. Moreover, an evaluation of the contact angle of the water droplet on top of the silica slab reveals that the interaction becomes more hydrophilic with increasing slab thickness and saturates around 2.5–3 nm, in agreement with the experimentally found value. Our analysis also shows that the hydroaffinity of the surface is mainly determined by the electrostatic interaction, but the van der Waals interaction nevertheless is strong enough that it can turn a hydrophobic surface into a hydrophilic surface.
Tuning magnetoelectric coupling using porosity in multiferroic nanocomposites of ALD-grown Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 and templated mesoporous CoFe2O4
Authors: Chien Diana , Buditama Abraham N. , Schelhas Laura T. , Kang Hye Yeon , Robbennolt Shauna , Chang Jane P. , Tolbert Sarah H.
Published: September 2016

In this manuscript, we examine ways to create multiferroic composites with controlled nanoscale architecture. We accomplished this by uniformly depositing piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) into templated mesoporous, magnetostrictive cobalt ferrite (CFO) thin films to form nanocomposites in which strain can be transferred at the interface between the two materials. To study the magnetoelectric coupling, the nanostructure was electrically poled ex situ prior to magnetic measurements. No samples showed a change in in-plane magnetization as a function of voltage due to substrate clamping. Out-of-plane changes were observed, but contrary to expectations based on total PZT volume fraction, mesoporous CFO samples partially filled with PZT showed more change in out-of-plane magnetization than the sample with fully filled pores. This result suggests that residual porosity in the composite adds mechanical flexibility and results in greater magnetoelectric coupling.
Numerical study of capacitive coupled HBr/Cl2 plasma discharge for dry etch applications
Authors: Gul Banat , Ahmad Iftikhar , Zia Gulfam , Aman-ur-Rehman
Published: September 2016

HBr/Cl2 plasma discharge is investigated to study the etchant chemistry of this discharge by using the self-consistent fluid model. A comprehensive set of gas phase reactions (83 reactions) including primary processes such as excitation, dissociation, and ionization are considered in the model along with 24 species. Our findings illustrate that the densities of neutral species (i.e., Br, HCl, Cl, H, and H2) produced in the reactor are higher than charged species (i.e., Cl2+, Cl−, HBr+, and Cl+). Density profile of neutral and charged species followed bell shaped and double humped distributions, respectively. Increasing Cl2 fraction in the feedback gases (HBr/Cl2 from 90/10 to 10/90) promoted the production of Cl, Cl+, and Cl2+ in the plasma, indicating that chemical etching pathway may be preferred at high Cl-environment. These findings pave the way towards controlling/optimizing the Si-etching process.
Transport properties of a hollow pressure filament in a magnetized plasma
Authors: Poulos M. J. , Morales G. J.
Published: September 2016

A theoretical and numerical modeling study is made of a novel heating configuration recently implemented in the Large Plasma Device at the University of California, Los Angeles. The injection of an electron beam from a masked LaB6 cathode into a magnetized plasma results in a hollow, cylindrical filament of elevated temperature. The hot cylindrical ring has an axial extent that is about one-thousand times larger than its thickness, and the peak temperature can be ten times larger than that of the surrounding plasma. The simultaneous positive and negative radial pressure gradients provide an ideal platform for the investigation of transport phenomena of contemporary interest, including avalanches [Van Compernolle et al., Phys. Rev. E 91, 031102 (2015)] and nonlocal transport. The present study delineates both the parameter regimes achievable by classical transport and the linear stability of the self-consistent profiles, including temperature and density gradients. An avalanche model is developed based on the self-consistent evolution of drift-wave eigenfunctions in nonlinearly modified profiles of electron temperature and plasma density.
FMO3-LCMO study of electron transfer coupling matrix element and pathway: Application to hole transfer between two tryptophans through cis- and trans-polyproline-linker systems
Authors: Kitoh-Nishioka Hirotaka , Ando Koji
Published: September 2016

The linear-combination of fragment molecular orbitals with three-body correction (FMO3-LCMO) is examined for electron transfer (ET) coupling matrix elements and ET pathway analysis, with application to hole transfer between two tryptophans bridged by cis- and trans-polyproline linker conformations. A projection to the minimal-valence-plus-core FMO space was found to give sufficient accuracy with significant reduction of computational cost while avoiding the problem of linear dependence of FMOs stemming from involvement of bond detached atoms.
Digit replacement: A generic map for nonlinear dynamical systems
Authors: García-Morales Vladimir
Published: September 2016

A simple discontinuous map is proposed as a generic model for nonlinear dynamical systems. The orbit of the map admits exact solutions for wide regions in parameter space and the method employed (digit manipulation) allows the mathematical design of useful signals, such as regular or aperiodic oscillations with specific waveforms, the construction of complex attractors with nontrivial properties as well as the coexistence of different basins of attraction in phase space with different qualitative properties. A detailed analysis of the dynamical behavior of the map suggests how the latter can be used in the modeling of complex nonlinear dynamics including, e.g., aperiodic nonchaotic attractors and the hierarchical deposition of grains of different sizes on a surface.
High resolution scanning optical imaging of a frozen polymer p-n junction
Authors: AlTal Faleh , Gao Jun
Published: September 2016

Semiconductor homojunctions such as p-n or p-i-n junctions are the building blocks of many semiconductor devices such as diodes, photodetectors, transistors, or solar cells. The determination of junction depletion width is crucial for the design and realization of high-performance devices. The polymer analogue of a conventional p-n or p-i-n junction can be created by in situ electrochemical doping in a polymer light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC). As a result of doping and junction formation, the LECs possess some highly desirable device characteristics. The LEC junction, however, is still poorly understood due to the difficulties of characterizing a dynamic-junction device. Here, we report concerted optical-beam-induced-current (OBIC) and scanning photoluminescence (PL) imaging studies of planar LECs that have been frozen to preserve the doping profile. By optimizing the cell composition, the electrode work function, and the turn-on conditions, we realize a long, straight, and highly emissive p-n junction with an interelectrode spacing of 700 μm. The extremely broad planar cell allows for time-lapse fluorescence imaging of the in situ electrochemical doping process and detailed scanning of the entire cell. A total of eighteen scans at seven locations along the junction have been performed using a versatile, custom cryogenic laser scanning apparatus. The Gaussian OBIC profiles yield an average 1/e2 junction width of only 1.5 μm, which is the smallest ever reported in a planar LEC. The controlled dedoping of the frozen device via warming cycles leads to an unexpectedly narrower OBIC profile, suggesting the presence and disappearance of fine structures at the edges of the frozen p-n junction. The results reported in this work provide new insight into the nature and structure of the LEC p-n junction. Since only about 0.2% of the entire device area is photoactive in response to an incident optical beam, the effective junction width (or volume) must be dramatically increased to realize a more efficient device.
Simulation of core turbulence measurement in Tore Supra ohmic regimes
Authors: Hacquin S. , Citrin J. , Arnichand H. , Sabot R. , Bourdelle C. , Garbet X. , Krämer-Flecken A. ,   Tore Supra Team
Published: September 2016

This paper reports on a simulation of reflectometry measurement in Tore Supra ohmic discharges, for which the experimental observations as well as gyrokinetic non-linear computations predict a modification of turbulence spectrum between the linear (LOC) and the saturated ohmic confinement (SOC) regimes. Synthetic reflectometry simulations coupling full-wave computations with gyrokinetic data are carried out. This allows a direct comparison between the gyrokinetic non-linear predictions and experimental observations. The synthetic diagnostic results are found in a good agreement with the experimental findings; in particular, they reproduce well the quasi-coherent peak in the fluctuation spectrum of LOC regimes dominated by a trapped electron mode turbulence. It is also shown that such synthetic tools are valuable for (i) an enhanced interpretation of the reflectometry measurement (for instance, through the investigation of the 2D effects) and (ii) a better understanding of the turbulence properties (for instance, via the analysis of its poloidal asymmetry).
Particle rotational trapping on a floating electrode by rotating induced-charge electroosmosis
Authors: Ren Yukun , Liu Weiyu , Liu Jiangwei , Tao Ye , Guo Yongbo , Jiang Hongyuan
Published: September 2016

We describe a novel rotating trait of induced-charge electroosmotic slip above a planar metal surface, a phenomenon termed “Rotating induced-charge electro-osmosis” (ROT-ICEO), in the context of a new microfluidic technology for tunable particle rotation or rotational trap. ROT-ICEO has a dynamic flow stagnation line (FSL) that rotates synchronously with a background circularly polarized electric field. We reveal that the rotating FSL of ROT-ICEO gives rise to a net hydrodynamic torque that is responsible for rotating fluids or particles in the direction of the applied rotating electric field either synchronously or asynchronously, the magnitude of which is adjusted by a balance between rotation of FSL and amplitude of angular-direction flow component oscillating at twice the field frequency. Supported by experimental observation, our physical demonstration with ROT-ICEO proves invaluable for the design of flexible electrokinetic framework in modern microfluidic system.
Rebound effect of IMT properties by different doping form in Si-doped vanadium dioxide films
Authors: Wu Xuefei , Wu Zhiming , Liu Zhijun , Ji Chunhui , Huang Zehua , Su Yuanjie , Gou Jun , Wang Jun , Jiang Yadong
Published: September 2016

Vanadium dioxide is a promising material for THz modulations due to its remarkable insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) properties. Silicon-doped VO2 films, exhibiting excellent IMT properties with giant modulation amplitude and tunable phase transition temperature, greatly adapt in this area. In this paper, we report on a rebound effect of the IMT in Si-doped VO2 films. As the silicon dopants are increasingly introduced into VO2 films, the IMT is first tuned to lower temperature and then is anomalously shifted to higher temperature. This rebound effect is confirmed by crystal structure, valence concentration, and surface morphology. We attribute this rebound behavior to the interstitial and substitutive doping of Si atoms. Due to their distinct impactions on the crystallite, IMT properties of the VO2 films are depressed initially and recovered later.
Fast equilibrium switch of a micro mechanical oscillator
Authors: Le Cunuder Anne , Martínez Ignacio A. , Petrosyan Artyom , Guéry-Odelin David , Trizac Emmanuel , Ciliberto Sergio
Published: September 2016

We demonstrate an accurate method to control the motion of a micromechanical oscillator in contact with a thermal bath. The experiment is carried out on the cantilever tip of an atomic force microscope. Applying an appropriate time dependent external force, we decrease the time necessary to reach equilibrium by two orders of magnitude compared to the intrinsic equilibration time. Finally, we analyze the energetic cost of such a fast equilibration, by measuring with kB T accuracy the energy exchanges along the process.
The impact of ICT investment on energy intensity across different regions of China
Authors: Wang Dong , Han Botang
Published: September 2016

There are few empirical studies concerning the impact of information communication technology (ICT) on energy intensity in developing countries. We introduce an expanded STIRPAT model and China's provincial data samples during 2003–2012 to fill this gap. This paper applies the Driscoll–Kraay econometric method to assess the long-term impact of ICT investment on energy intensity and employs a panel error correction model to explore the short-term influence. The results indicate that the ICT investment significantly reduces energy intensity in the long-run, while it does not in the short-run at a nationwide level. Concerning the regional diversities of China, the impact of the ICT investment on energy intensity is significantly negative in western and central regions, while is insignificant in the eastern sample. Furthermore, the negative impact grows as the ICT investment increases in central provinces. Additionally, the short-term energy intensity reduction effect exists only in eastern regions, while it does not in central provinces. The ICT investment increases the energy intensity in the short-run in the western sample.
Optical far-field super-resolution microscopy using nitrogen vacancy center ensemble in bulk diamond
Authors: Li Shen , Chen Xiang-dong , Zhao Bo-Wen , Dong Yang , Zou Chong-Wen , Guo Guang-Can , Sun Fang-Wen
Published: September 2016

We demonstrate optical far-field super-resolution microscopy using an array of nitrogen vacancy centers in bulk diamond as near-field optical probes. The local optical field, which transmits through the nanostructures on the diamond surface, is measured by detecting the charge state conversion of the nitrogen vacancy center. Locating the nitrogen vacancy center with a spatial resolution of 6.1 nm is realized with charge state depletion nanoscopy. The nanostructures on the surface of a diamond are then imaged with a resolution below the optical diffraction limit. The results offer an approach to build a general-purpose optical super-resolution microscopy technique and a convenient platform for high spatial resolution quantum sensing with nitrogen vacancy centers.
Determining helicity and topological structure of coherent vortex beam from laser speckle
Authors: R. V Vinu , Singh Rakesh Kumar
Published: September 2016

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a technique to quantitatively determine the topological structure of the vortex beam coaxially launched into the random scattering media with another non-vortex beam of the orthogonal polarization component. The proposed technique applies the coherent superposition of the random electromagnetic fields and a priori knowledge of correlation of one of the random fields to determine the polarization correlation of the other. The polarization correlation of the random field is used to determine the topological charge and phase structure of the vortex beam from the laser speckle. The application of the proposed technique is demonstrated by determining the helicity and topological charge of the vortex beam for three different cases.
Controllable decay in an optical waveguide system
Authors: Zhao G. L. , Zhao T. , Xiao H. F. , Liu Z. L. , Yang J. H. , Tian Y. H.
Published: September 2016

The optical waveguide arrays can be employed to simulate the unstable quantum systems when the light propagates in them, which can present the optical Zeno and anti-Zeno effects. In this paper, we propose the scheme of periodic modulation of the coupling coefficient based on the coupling between the straight and cosine bend optical waveguides, which can realize the controllable optical Zeno and anti-Zeno effects. Based on the special decay law, the decay of light intensity in the straight waveguide can be freely controlled by selecting the appropriate observation positions.
Outdoor measurements of a photovoltaic system using diffractive spectrum-splitting and concentration
Authors: Mohammad N. , Schulz M. , Wang P. , Menon R.
Published: September 2016

In a single-bandgap absorber, photons having energy less than the bandgap are not absorbed, while those having energy larger than the bandgap lose the excess energy via thermalization. We present outdoor measurements of a photovoltaic system that overcomes these losses via spectrum splitting and concentration using a planar diffractive optic. The system was comprised of the diffractive optic coupled with GaInP and CIGS solar cells. The optic provides a geometric concentration of 3X for each solar cell. It is easily fabricated by single-step grayscale lithography and it is ultra-thin with a maximum thickness of only 2.5μm. Electrical measurements under direct sunlight demonstrated an increase of ∼25% in total output power compared to the reference case without spectrum splitting and concentration. Since different bandgaps are in the same plane, the proposed photovoltaic system successfully circumvents the lattice-matching and current-matching issues in conventional tandem multi-junction solar cells. This system is also tolerant to solar spectrum variation and fill-factor degradation of constitutive solar cells.
Correlation between structure and oxygen ion dynamics in Y substituted La2Mo2O9 ionic conductors
Authors: Paul T. , Ghosh A.
Published: September 2016

We have measured the ac conductivity and dielectric spectra for La2-xYxMo2O9 (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) in wide temperature and frequency ranges. We have obtained the mean square displacement and the spatial extent of nonrandom sub-diffusive regions for oxygen ions by analyzing the ac conductivity and dielectric spectra respectively. The structure of the samples has been studied using X-ray photoelectron spectra, X-ray and electron diffraction. It is observed that the composition dependence of these characteristic lengths is correlated with the distance between oxygen ions obtained from structural studies.
Effects of a single injection of Flunixin meglumine or Carprofen postpartum on haematological parameters, productive performance and fertility of dairy cattle
Authors: Giammarco M. , Fusaro I. , Vignola G. , Manetta A. C. , Gramenzi A. , Fustini M. , Palmonari A. , Formigoni A.
Published: September 2016

The objective of the present research was to evaluate the effects of a single injection of Flunixin meglumine (FM) or Carprofen postpartum on haematological indicators, productive performance and fertility of Italian Friesian dairy cattle. In total, 60 cows, including 42 multiparous and 18 primiparous, were assigned to one of the following three treatments: (1) FM (2.2 mg i.m./kg of bodyweight (BW); Meflosyl 50 mg/mL), (2) Carprofen (CA; 1.4 mg s.c./kg of BW; Rymadil 50 mg/mL) or (3) saline (control) at 2.0 mL s.c./45.5 kg of BW. All treatments were administrated by a single injection within 12 h after calving. Individual milk yield was daily recorded during the trial and composition was determined at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 60 days in milk (DIM). BWs were recorded at –21 ± 5 days before calving, and 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 60 days after calving before the morning milking. Individual blood samples were collected from each animal for haemato-biochemical evaluation 3 weeks before calving (T0) and then repeated at the following times: within 12 h after calving, immediately before the administration of the anti-inflammatory drug (FM or CA; T1), ~36 h after calving (T2), 4 days after calving (T3) and 11 days after calving (T4). At each sampling time, the rectal temperature and the heart rate were monitored. Body condition score was determined after each sampling time and at 35 and 60 DIM. FM and CA treatments did not influence rectal temperature and heart rate during the first 11 DIM; no differences in overall milk yield, milk composition and dry matter intake were found. BW and body condition score were not affected by treatments throughout the study. Treatments did not affect serum metabolite concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, serum urea nitrogen, total protein and albumin. Control cows showed a higher culling rate (P < 0.05) than did the FM- and CA-treated cows (25% vs 15% vs 5% respectively). FM-treated multiparous cows had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower incidence of retained placenta than did control and CA-treated cows (2.3% vs 9.3% vs 14% respectively). Furthermore, a greater percentage of cows pregnant (35% vs 10%) at the first insemination (P < 0.001) in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug groups than in control was found. Our findings evidenced that a single injection of FM or CA to non-febrile cows immediately after parturition could positively affect the metabolic adaptation of the cows at the onset of lactation and this aspect can positively influence reproductive performances and the culling rate.
Solving taxonomic problems within the Aldama genus based on anatomical characters
Authors: Bombo Aline Bertolosi , Filartiga Arinawa Liz , Appezzato-da-Glória Beatriz
Published: September 2016

Anatomical characteristics have proved to be an invaluable asset for supporting taxonomic studies on different plant families, such as Asteraceae. Anatomical features can also help clarify taxonomical problems in the Aldama La Llave genus, especially among Brazilian representatives. The present study focussed on Aldama bakeriana, A. discolor, A. grandiflora and A. squalida. These species were chosen because they are difficult to identify taxonomically if the specimens have no flowers, they have biological and pharmacological potential and they are representative species from key morphological groups in the Aldama genus and could help in future taxonomical investigations. Aerial and underground vegetative organs from the four species were described herein for the first time and a comparative analysis was performed to highlight the unique features of each species and determine whether these species can be differentiated in terms of anatomy. All four species analysed were anatomically very similar. However, they could be differentiated on the basis of the set of anatomical features described for each species. On the basis of our findings, we concluded that anatomy is able to provide data to assist with the taxonomic problems within the four species analysed herein. The results also corroborated other studies on the Aldama genus.
Home care packages: insights into the experiences of older people leading up to the introduction of consumer directed care in Australia
Authors: Day Jenny , Taylor Ann Clare Thorington , Summons Peter , Van Der Riet Pamela , Hunter Sharyn , Maguire Jane , Dilworth Sophie , Bellchambers Helen , Jeong Sarah , Haydon Gunilla , Harris Margaret , Higgins Isabel
Published: September 2016

This paper reports phase one, conducted from March to June 2015, of a two-phase, qualitative descriptive study designed to explore the perceptions and experiences of older people before and after the introduction of consumer directed care (CDC) to home care packages (HCP) in Australia. Eligible consumers with a local HCP provider were mailed information about the study. Data collection occurred before the introduction of CDC and included face-to-face, in-depth interviews, summaries of interviews, field notes and reflective journaling. Semi-structured questions and ‘emotional touchpoints’ relating to home care were used to guide the interview conversation. Line-by-line data analysis, where significant statements were highlighted and clustered to reveal emergent themes, was used. Five older people, aged 81 to 91 years, participated in the study. The four emergent themes were: seeking quality and reciprocity in carer relationships; patchworking services; the waiting game; and technology with utility. Continuity of carers was central to the development of a trusting relationship and perceptions of care quality among older consumers. Care coordinators and workers should play a key role in ensuring older people receive timely information about CDC and their rights and responsibilities. Participants’ use of contemporary technologies suggests opportunities to improve engagement of HCP clients in CDC.
Decoding how a soil bacterium extracts building blocks and metabolic energy from ligninolysis provides road map for lignin valorization
Authors: Varman Arul M. , He Lian , Follenfant Rhiannon , Wu Weihua , Wemmer Sarah , Wrobel Steven A. , Tang Yinjie J. , Singh Seema
Published: September 2016

Significance

Lignin is the only renewable and abundant polymer on the earth with aromatic units as its building blocks; however, it remains as an untapped resource. The current approach to making the biofuel industry cost competitive with the petroleum industry is to derive more value from the lignin. In this study we combined the unique approaches of both chemical engineering and biology to gain a deeper understanding of the metabolism of a soil bacterium,
Sphingobium
sp. SYK-6, that enables it to survive on lignin-derived monomers and oligomers. Understanding the central metabolism of SYK-6 will enable researchers to redesign the metabolic pathways of
Sphingobium
sp. SYK-6 more effectively to provide a renewable route for the production of products currently sourced from petrochemicals.
Writing vs. translating
Authors: Risku Hanna , Milosevic Jelena , Pein-Weber Christina
Published: September 2016

The tasks of writing and translation show several similarities in the challenges they pose and the processes they include. In translation studies, the fuzzy edges between these tasks have been studied in many ways. To compare the processes of writing and translating in the field, we observed a freelance translator in the workplace for two working days (1 day of writing, 1 day of translating) and interviewed her on her work processes. We analysed the data with regard to the process phases, strategies, contextual features, and creativity dimensions of text production (Dam-Jensen and Heine 2013). In addition to the many similarities in the processes, our findings also show substantial differences in the text production dimensions.
Quality and translation process research
Authors: Jääskeläinen Riitta
Published: September 2016

In translation studies, translation quality tends to be discussed in terms of the quality of the products only. Abdallah (2007) suggests adopting a multidimensional concept of total quality consisting of product quality, process quality and social quality. The aim of this paper is to describe and discuss the three dimensions of quality from the point of view of translation process research. Looking at different kinds of quality may offer explanations to such unexpected findings as translation students outperforming professional translators in experimental conditions. The three dimensions of quality also comply with the recent suggestions of investigating the translation process as “extended translation” (Risku & Windhager 2013) or embodied and situated cognition (Muñoz 2010).
Can emotion stir translation skill? Defining the impact of positive and negative emotions on translation performance
Authors: Rojo Ana , Ramos Caro Marina
Published: September 2016

The present paper reports on an experiment to measure the impact of emotions and certain personality traits on translation performance. The study replicates Lehr’s (2013) methodology, but also explores the influence of personality factors on the induced emotional impact. Unlike Lehr’s study, our experiment focuses exclusively on translation students (Spanish L1/English as L2). A Spanish version of Block and Kremen’s (1996) ego-resiliency scale (ER89) was first used to assess trait variation in the participants’ psychological resilience. They were then asked to provide a translation of an emotional text, which was rated for accuracy and creativity. After having submitted their translation, they were randomly assigned to a positive or negative feedback group and received false feedback on their performance. Immediately afterwards they were asked to translate a second text, whose ratings for accuracy and creativity were compared to those from their first translation. A self-reporting questionnaire was finally carried out to obtain data on the participants’ subjective feelings during experimental time. Results corroborate evidence from Lehr’s work, pointing to a differential impact of emotions on different facets of translation performance and suggesting that different emotions may activate different processing styles. Although no statistically significant effect is found for resilient personality traits, data suggest they may also play a role in guiding translational behaviour.