bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The psychological effects of reporting extreme violence: a study of Kenyan journalists
Authors: Feinstein Anthony , Wanga Justus , Owen John
Published: September 2015

Objective

To assess the psychological health of journalists in Kenya who have reported on, and been exposed to, extreme violence.

Design

Descriptive. Psychological responses were elicited to two stressors, the ethnic violence surrounding the disputed 2007 general election and the Al-Shabab attack on the Westgate Mall in Nairobi.

Participants

A representative sample of 90 Kenyan journalists was enrolled.

Setting

Newsrooms of two national news organizations in Kenya.

Main outcome measures

Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (Impact of Event Scale-revised), depression (Deck Depression inventory-revised) and general psychological wellbeing (General Health Questionnaire).

Results

Of the 90 journalists approached 57 (63.3%) responded. Journalists covering the election violence ( n = 23) reported significantly more PTSD type intrusion ( p = 0.027) and arousal ( p = 0.024) symptoms than their colleagues ( n = 34) who had not covered the violence. Reporting the Westgate attack was not associated with increased psychopathology. Being wounded ( n = 11) emerged as the most robust independent predictor of emotional distress. Journalists covering the ethnic violence compared to colleagues who did not were not more likely to receive psychological counselling.

Conclusions

These data, the first of their kind from an African country, replicate findings over a decade old from Western media, namely that journalists asked to cover life-threatening events may develop significant symptoms of emotional difficulties and fail to receive therapy for them. Good journalism, a pillar of civil society, depends on healthy journalists. It is hoped that these data act as a catalyst encouraging news organisations sending journalists into harm’s way to look out for their psychological health in doing so.
Photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine using [Zn-Al] LDH supported on PAN nanofibres
Authors: Abderrazek K. , Uheida A. , Seffen M. , Muhammed M. , Frini Srasra N. , Srasra E.
Published: September 2015

Zn-Al layered double hydroxides (LDH), before and after calcination, were tested for the removal of indigo carmine (IC) dye from solution. These LDH photocatalysts were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), nitrogen physisorption at −196°C, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry (DRS). The different photocatalysts were supported on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibres, so that filtration was unnecessary.

The PXRD and FTIR analyses showed that the IC adsorption on c-Zn-Al-3-500 (LDH calcined at 500°C) was enhanced by construction of the hydrotalcite matrix intercalated with the dye. The intercalation was clearly evidenced by the appearance of a peak at low °2θ values. All of the materials prepared exhibited photocatalytic activity, which for the c-Zn-Al-3-500 was comparable to that of commercial PAN-supported ZnO nanoparticles (100% degradation after 180 min). Kinetic studies showed that the degradation of the IC followed a pseudo-first order rate. The high activity and the ease of both synthesis and separation processes rendered this photocatalyst a promising candidate for environmental remediation.
Multidirectional chromosome painting substantiates the occurrence of extensive genomic reshuffling within Accipitriformes
Authors: Nie Wenhui , O’Brien Patricia C. M. , Fu Beiyuan , Wang Jinghuan , Su Weiting , He Kai , Bed’Hom Bertrand , Volobouev Vitaly , Ferguson-Smith Malcolm A. , Dobigny Gauthier , Yang Fengtang
Published: September 2015

Background

Previous cross-species painting studies with probes from chicken (Gallus gallus) chromosomes 1–10 and a paint pool of nineteen microchromosomes have revealed that the drastic karyotypic reorganization in Accipitridae is due to extensive synteny disruptions and associations. However, the number of synteny association events and identities of microchromosomes involved in such synteny associations remain undefined, due to the lack of paint probes derived from individual chicken microchromosomes. Moreover, no genome-wide homology map between Accipitridae species and other avian species with atypical karyotype organization has been reported till now, and the karyotype evolution within Accipitriformes remains unclear.

Results

To delineate the synteny-conserved segments in Accipitridae, a set of painting probes for the griffon vulture,Gyps fulvus(2n = 66) was generated from flow-sorted chromosomes. Together with previous generated probes from the stone curlew,Burhinus oedicnemus(2n = 42), a Charadriiformes species with atypical karyotype organization, we conducted multidirectional chromosome painting, including reciprocal chromosome painting betweenB. oedicnemusandG. fulvusand cross-species chromosome painting betweenB. oedicnemusand two accipitrid species (the Himalayan griffon,G. himalayensis2n = 66, and the common buzzard,Buteo buteo, 2n = 68). In doing so, genome-wide homology maps betweenB. oedicnemusand three Accipitridae species were established. From there, a cladistic analysis using chromosomal characters and mapping of chromosomal changes on a consensus molecular phylogeny were conducted in order to search for cytogenetic signatures for different lineages within Accipitriformes.

Conclusion

Our study confirmed that the genomes of the diurnal birds of prey, especially the genomes of species in Accipitriformes excluding Cathartidae, have been extensively reshuffled when compared to other bird lineages. The chromosomal rearrangements involved include both fusions and fissions. Our chromosome painting data indicated that the Palearctic common buzzard (BBU) shared several common chromosomal rearrangements with some Old World vultures, and was found to be more closely related to other Accipitridae than to Neotropical buteonine raptors from the karyotypic perspective. Using both a chromosome-based cladistic analysis as well as by mapping of chromosomal differences onto a molecular-based phylogenetic tree, we revealed a number of potential cytogenetic signatures that support the clade of Pandionidae (PHA) + Accipitridae. In addition, our cladistic analysis using chromosomal characters appears to support the placement of osprey (PHA) in Accipitridae.
Cerebrospinal fluid levels of IL-6 are decreased and correlate with cognitive status in DLB patients
Authors: Wennström Malin , Hall Sara , Nägga Katarina , Londos Elisabet , Minthon Lennart , Hansson Oskar
Published: September 2015

Introduction

Inflammatory processes have previously been shown to influence cognition and progression of dementia. An involvement of interleukin (IL)-6 has in particular been suggested as altered levels of IL-6 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been found in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Also, an association between cognitive decline and levels of IL-6 in CSF have been reported. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether patients clinically diagnosed with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) display altered CSF IL-6 levels in comparison with patients with AD and control subjects without dementia and whether the IL-6 levels are correlated with cognitive status and biomarkers for AD and synucleinopathy.

Methods

To analyse CSF of patients with AD (n = 45), patients with DLB (n = 29) and control subjects without dementia (n = 36), we used immunoassays to measure levels of IL-6 (multiplex electrochemiluminescence); AD markers phosphorylated tau, total tau and amyloid-β1–42 (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]); and α-synuclein (ELISA). Cognitive status was evaluated using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Results

Our analysis showed significantly lower levels of IL-6 in CSF from patients with DLB than in CSF from patients with AD and control subjects without dementia. The IL-6 levels were also negatively correlated with MMSE and positively correlated with α-synuclein CSF levels.

Conclusions

Our findings support previous studies by demonstrating a link between inflammatory processes and dementia progression and further strengthen the hypothesis that IL-6 is involved in dementia pathology and cognitive decline.
Differentially expressed microRNAs in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles in young and older rats and their effect on tumor growth factor-β1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HK2 cells
Authors: Wang Yan , Fu Bo , Sun Xuefeng , Li Diangeng , Huang Qi , Zhao Weihong , Chen Xiangmei
Published: September 2015

Introduction

The prevalence of renal fibrosis is higher in older than in younger individuals. Through paracrine activity, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles (BM-MSC-MVs) influence the process of renal fibrosis. Differences in microRNA (miRNA) expression of BM-MSC-MVs that correlate with the age of the subjects and the correlation between miRNA expression and the process of renal fibrosis have not been established. The present study aimed to analyze differences in miRNA expression of BM-MSC-MVs between young or older rats and its influence on tumor growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HK2 cells to explore the causes of renal fibrosis in aged tissues.

Methods

miRCURY LNA Array (version 18.0) was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in BM-MSC-MVs of 3- and 24-month-old Fisher344 rats. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to verify miRNA levels in BM-MSC-MVs and in the serum of rats. A TGF-β1-mediated EMT model was used to study the effects of BM-MSC-MVs and differentially expressed miRNAs on EMT.

Results

BM-MSCs from older rats showed more severe aging phenotypes compared with those of young rats. In addition, the growth rate and cell migration of BM-MSCs derived from older rats were significantly reduced. In secreted BM-MSC-MVs, the expression of miR-344a, miR-133b-3p, miR-294, miR-423-3p, and miR-872-3p was significantly downregulated in older rats than in younger rats (P < 0.05), and the serum level of these miRNAs exhibited the same patterns. Intervention using BM-MSC-MVs resulted in the weakening of TGF-β1-mediated EMT in the aged rats. MiR-344a, miR-133b-3p, and miR-294 affected TGF-β1-mediated EMT in HK2 cells. Among these, miR-133b-3p and miR-294 significantly inhibited TGF-β1-mediated EMT in HK2 cells (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

In older rats, the inhibitory effect of BM-MSC-MVs on TGF-β1-mediated HK2 cell EMT was weaker than that observed in younger rats. In addition, miR-133b-3p and miR-294, which were downregulated in BM-MSC-MVs of older rats, remarkably inhibited TGF-β1-mediated EMT in HK2 cells, suggesting that these may play a role in the fibrosis of aging renal tissues.
Signal and noise separation in prestack seismic data using velocity-dependent seislet transform
Authors: Liu Yang , Fomel Sergey , Liu Cai
Published: September 2015

The seislet transform is a waveletlike transform that analyzes seismic data by following varying slopes of seismic events across different scales and provides a multiscale orthogonal basis for seismic data. It generalizes the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) in the sense that the DWT in the lateral direction is simply the seislet transform with a zero slope. Our earlier work used plane-wave destruction (PWD) to estimate smoothly varying slopes. However, the PWD operator can be sensitive to strong noise interference, which makes the seislet transform based on PWD (PWD-seislet transform) occasionally fail in providing a sparse multiscale representation for seismic field data. We adopted a new velocity-dependent (VD) formulation of the seislet transform, in which the normal moveout equation served as a bridge between local slope patterns and conventional moveout parameters in the common-midpoint domain. The VD slope has better resistance to strong random noise, which indicated the potential of VD seislets for random noise attenuation under 1D earth assumption. Different slope patterns for primaries and multiples further enabled a VD-seislet frame to separate primaries from multiples when the velocity models of primaries and multiples were well disjoint. We evaluated the results by applying the method to synthetic and field-data examples in which the VD-seislet transform helped in eliminating strong random noise. We performed synthetic and field-data tests that showed the effectiveness of the VD-seislet frame for separation of primaries and peg-leg multiples of different orders.
Rhodium(III)-catalyzed C(sp3)–H Amidation of 8-Methylquinolines with Amides at Room Temperature
Authors: Huang Xiaolei , You Jingsong
Published: September 2015

Here we disclose a Rh(III)-catalyzed chelation-assisted C(sp3)–H activation of 8-methylquinolines, which can enable intermolecular amidation using commercially available, reliable amides as the amidating reagent to provide an efficient route to quinolin-8-ylmethanamine derivatives. This amidation proceeds at room temperature in moderate to excellent yields, and features good functional group tolerance and complete mono-selectivity.
Chemoprevention of cancer: current evidence and future prospects
Authors: Benetou Vassiliki , Lagiou Areti , Lagiou Pagona
Published: September 2015

Cancer chemoprevention refers to the use of agents for the inhibition, delay, or reversal of carcinogenesis before invasion. In the present review, agents examined in the context of cancer chemoprevention are classified in four major categories—hormonal, medications, diet-related agents, and vaccines—and the main representatives of each category are presented. Although there are serious constraints in the documentation of effectiveness of chemopreventive agents, mainly stemming from the long latency of the condition they are addressing and the frequent lack of intermediate biomarkers, there is little disagreement about the role of aspirin, whereas a diet rich in vegetables and fruits appears to convey more protection than individual micronutrients. Among categories of cancer chemopreventive agents, hormonal ones and vaccines might hold more promise for the future. Also, the identification of individuals who would benefit most from chemopreventive interventions on the basis of their genetic profiles could open new prospects for cancer chemoprevention.
Measurement of a 5-gene panel in whole blood in kidney transplant recipients with acute rejection and stable controls
Authors: Betts Gareth , Van Der Net Jeroen , Shankar Sushma , Friend Peter , Harden Paul , Wood Kathryn
Published: September 2015

New biomarkers are required to detect acute rejection (AR) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) to avoid invasive kidney biopsies. We assess whether a 5-gene panel (DUSP1; NKTR; PBEF1; MAPK9; and PSEN1) in whole blood samples that has previously been shown to identify AR in a paedriatric KTR population is able to distinguish AR in a UK population of adult Caucasian KTR patients.
Why we need to deliver a comprehensive SRE programme
Authors: Feuchtwang Anna
Published: September 2015

Anna Feuchtwang explains why it is vital that a comprehensive Sex and Relationship Education programme is offered to students and that all schools teach good quality SRE.
Support staff with EAL
Authors: Gouldsboro Julia
Published: September 2015

Children need opportunities to speak their own language while learning English because it gives them confidence and promotes self-esteem; we also need to acknowledge this as a strength in practitioners.
Self and social relations
Authors: Nikoletta Kambouri Kontou
Published: September 2015

This article will examine children's relationships and the contribution these make to social development by undertaking a short review of the available, relevant literature, with recommendations for practice.
Learning via real living
Authors: Sabine Alex
Published: September 2015

When the government talks of providing flexible childcare it is with the view of adapting to the working patterns of most parents, but of more importance is offering provision that meets the needs of children.
Neuroscience and the development of memory
Authors: Abbott Rob
Published: September 2015

Our knowledge of the developing structure of the brain is starting to challenge some of our ideas about the way memory develops, with implications for how we understand learning during the early years.
Unlock barriers and support
Authors: Lawson Deborah
Published: September 2015

Recruitment and retention, in addition to an upskilling of the workforce, and whether certain grades are entry or exit requirements, is crucial to the roll-out and success of the free 30-hour childcare offer.
Japanese storytelling
Authors: Duncan Wendy
Published: September 2015

We know that role-play, acting and using props can enhance a story, making its message and language more meaningful for young children, which is why a paper theatre tradition from Japan is so powerful.
The relationship between the nursing environment and delivering culturally sensitive perinatal hospice care
Authors: Mixer Sandra J , Lindley Lisa , Wallace Heather , Fornehed Mary Lou , Wool Charlotte
Published: September 2015

Background:

Wide variations exist among perinatal hospices, and barriers to perinatal palliative care exist at the healthcare level. Research in the area of culturally sensitive perinatal palliative care has been scarce, a gap which this study addresses.

Objective:

To evaluate the relationship between the nurse work environment and the delivery of culturally sensitive perinatal hospice care.

Method:

This retrospective, correlational study used data from the National Home and Hospice Care Survey, which includes a nationally representative sample of hospice care providers. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate the relationship between the delivery of culturally sensitive care and the nurse work environment.

Results:

Accreditation, teaching status, and baccalaureate-prepared registered nurse staff had an impact on the provision of culturally sensitive perinatal care

Conclusions:

The hospice and nursing unit environments, specifically in regards to education and technology, may be important contributors to the delivery of culturally sensitive care.
Research roundup
Authors: Costello John
Published: September 2015

Synopses of a selection of recently published research articles of relevance to palliative care.
Politics and palliative care: Barbados
Authors: Smyth Dion
Published: September 2015

Dion Smyth's review of the internet for palliative nursing
From Nahda to Nakba: The Governmental Arab College of Jerusalem and its Palestinian Historical Heritage in the First Half of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Marco Demichelis
Published: September 2015

The Governmental Arab College of Jerusalem is a little-known constructed space that emerged and then disappeared in just a few decades, a remarkable while extremely limited time if we reflect on the ancient history of the town that hosted it. However, it would be a great mistake not to consider these 30 years of history, from 1918 to 1948, and especially the wealth of cultural consciousness that the College was able to instill in its students. Ihsan Abbas (1920–2003), Ismail Ragib Khalidi (1916–1968), ‘Abdul Latif Tibawi (1910–1981), Irfan Shahid (1926) as academics, and Haidar Abdel Shafi (1919–2007), Halil-Salim Jabara (1913–1999), Hasib Sabbagh (1920–2010) etc. as politicians and activists are some of the most important names in Arab Palestinian culture and politics of the twentieth century, and all of them studied at the Arab College of Jerusalem. In this article, I would like to focus attention on the importance of this secondary/preparatory school, the social and cultural values that the teaching body was able to impart, and the role it played within the increasing and violent debate that the Arab College ignited concerning the growing Arab Palestinian-Jewish conflict in the first half of the twentieth century under the British Mandate. The Palestinian intelligentsia that was shaped within the Arab College symbolizes a cultural elite that, even if it would learn what it means to live as refugees, continued to work in different ways on its own cultural tradition. A key subject in understanding the main reasons behind the roots of identity within this divided city.
Najd, the Heart of Arabia
Authors: Sharifah M. AlOboudi
Published: September 2015

Throughout history and up until the middle of the twentieth century, available information about Najd, the vast central region of the present-day Saudi Arabia, had generally been scarce, especially in languages other than Arabic. Najd of the past had a unique and distinctive culture that deserves to be known in the West. This article aims at briefly examining available information concerning Najd from antiquity up until the middle of the twentieth century, showing that more than one factor participated in the shortage of information concerning Najd of the past and its culture. The objective of this article is to define the physical features of Najd in order to show how these features had participated in its external isolation and eventually the lack of information encompassing the unique culture of Najd of the past. A brief review of the history of Najd provides the necessary information on how Najd had suffered from neglect, misunderstanding, and underestimation of its culture. This article ends by referring to the fact that time, with its change of circumstances, has brought and is still bringing more on the past of Najd and its inhabitants and culture.
‘Every possible thing that can happen or will happen has already happened somewhere’: John Titor, hoaxes and speculative design
Authors: Vieira de Oliveira Pedro J. S. , Prado de O. Martins Luiza
Published: September 2015

One of the core characteristics of speculative design projects is the way they can be easily confused with reality. By maintaining a close connection with the mundane, these fictions often pose provocative questions shaped as uncanny scenarios that weave rather dystopian encounters with possible futures. However, where does one trace the line between propaganda hoaxes and critical design depictions? Using the story of alleged ‘time traveller’ John Titor – one of the most well-known Internet hoaxes so far – as a point of reference, this article will discuss the civil role and the cultural resonance of speculative design fictions, as well as the responsibility of the designer in either questioning or reaffirming society’s political, social and economic agendas.
Photography and the disruption of memory and meaning
Authors: Fawns Tim
Published: September 2015

By taking and sharing photographs, we are positioned within powerful communication networks that influence our personal and social identities. Over time, ownership and control is lost as our photographs gain performativity that allows them to divert from the purposes, spaces and times for which they are created. These issues are magnified by a number of technological, cultural and economic factors that accompany the evolution of ubiquitous digital media and their associated tools. Given the role that photographs play in the reconstruction of individual and collective memory and history, it is worth considering what is captured by the camera and what happens after the shutter closes.
Soziologie des Alters
Authors: van Dyk Silke
Published: September 2015

In Zeiten des demografischen Wandels und kontinuierlich steigender Lebenserwartung ist das Alter(n) von Individuum und Gesellschaft in aller Munde. Dieses Studienbuch führt in das komplexe Theorie- und Forschungsfeld der Alterssoziologie ein. Es fokussiert dabei nicht nur auf das Alter als Lebensphase und soziale Lage, sondern nimmt zudem den lebenslangen Prozess des Alterns sowie die grundlegende Bedeutung des Alters als gesellschaftliche Strukturkategorie in den Blick. Dabei werden zentrale theoretische Ansätze diskutiert, ausgewählte wegweisende Studien vorgestellt und zeitdiagnostische Perspektiven auf die Altersthematik entwickelt. Die Einführung eignet sich in hervorragender Weise dazu, Studium und Lehre der Soziologie - aber auch der Gerontologie, Erziehungswissenschaften und Gender Studies - strukturierend zu begleiten.
Serbische Vergangenheitsaufarbeitung
Authors: Mehler Daniela
Published: September 2015

Muss ein Staat seine Untaten bereuen, um außenpolitische Legitimität zu erhalten? Was bedeutet es, Kriegsverbrechen aufzuarbeiten? Und wie agieren und kommunizieren Politiker, die unter internationalem Druck aufarbeiten müssen? Am Beispiel des serbischen Umgangs mit während der Jugoslawienkriege begangener Kriegsverbrechen sucht Daniela Mehler Erklärungen für Politikwandel und Ambivalenzen. Sie rekonstruiert die serbischen Aufarbeitungsdebatten vom Beginn der Jugoslawienkriege bis zur Verhaftung von Ratko Mladic und stellt die Positionen und Norminterpretationen der serbischen Akteure vor.
Geschäftsleute unter sich
Authors: Baldauf Ana-Lucia
Published: September 2015

Internationale Geschäftsabschlüsse drohen an kulturellen Differenzen zu scheitern - so propagiert es die interkulturelle Kommunikation. Ana-Lucia Baldauf entkräftet diese Befürchtung durch einen Vergleich von interkulturellen und nationalen Ratgebern in Deutschland und den USA. Sie zeigt: Die inzwischen internationalisierte Kultur der »Business People« nimmt wenig Rücksicht auf nationale Umgangsformen.
Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from biomass material – giant knotweed (Reynoutria sachalinensis)
Authors: Fałtynowicz Hanna , Kaczmarczyk Jan , Kułażyński Marek
Published: September 2015

Activated carbons from biomass material of giant knotweed Reynoutria sachalinensis (F. Schmidt ex Maxim.) Nakai were obtained. Use of this plant for manufacturing activated carbon has not been studied yet. Therefore, the first activated carbons of giant knotweed origin are described. Both physicochemical (by steam and CO2) and chemical (by KOH) activation methods were applied. Influences of temperature (500, 600, 700 and 800°C), burn-off [10, 25 and 50 wt. % (daf)] and KOH concentration on pores surface area and volume distribution of the obtained activated carbons were explored. Porosity of the elaborated sorbents was determined by benzene and carbon dioxide sorption measurements. Sorbents obtained by steam activation were micro- and mesoporous with surface area and volume of pores increasing with temperature and burn-off to V = 0.351 cm3 g-1 and
S = 768 m2 g-1 at 800°C at 50% burn-off. Carbon dioxide activation resulted with notably microporous activated carbons with porous texture parameters also increasing with burn-off to V = 0.286 cm3 g-1 and S = 724 m2 g-1 at 50% burn-off. The highest BET surface area of 2541 m2 g-1 was achieved when chemical (KOH) activation was performed using KOH to char ratio 4:1.
Genetic and immunophenotypical diagnostics for acute myeloid leukemia and their implication on treatment strategy
Authors: Kayser Sabine , Schlenk Richard F.
Published: September 2015

Cytogenetic and molecular genetic abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) play an important role in the pathogenesis, are absolutely necessary for disease classification, are the most important prognostic factors for induction success and survival, and are increasingly used for specific genotype-adapted treatment approaches. In particular, molecular-targeted treatment strategies are evolving within clinical trials in the AML entities core-binding factor AML, characterized by t(8;21) and inv(16)/t(16;16), and AML with mutated NPM1, as well as AML with an internal tandem duplication of the FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene. The link between the leukemogenic importance of genetic abnormalities and their role as a potential target for well-known and novel drugs will contribute to the stepwise replacement of purely risk-adapted therapy to a more and more genotype-adapted treatment strategy.
Knowledge management in the laboratory or how knowledge can successfully be used as a resource1)
Authors: Ergin Tamer
Published: September 2015

Laboratories are highly complex facilities that are characterized by interdisciplinary work. This requires that employees have a high level of competence in every single step of a process. In this article, some basic elements and methods of knowledge management are introduced. In addition, important factors of success are discussed and it is demonstrated how knowledge management, if introduced correctly, can improve business processes in a company.
Restricted and quasi-toral restricted Lie-Rinehart algebras
Authors: Sun Bing , Chen Liangyun
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we introduce the definition of restrictable Lie-Rinehart algebras, the concept of restrictability is by far more tractable than that of a restricted Lie-Rinehart algebra. Moreover, we obtain some properties of p-mappings and restrictable Lie-Rinehart algebras. Finally, we give some sufficient conditions for the commutativity of quasi-toral restricted Lie-Rinehart algebras and study how a quasi-toral restricted Lie-Rinehart algebra with zero center and of minimal dimension should be.
In vitro comparative models for canine and human breast cancers
Authors: Visan Simona , Balacescu Ovidiu , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana , Catoi Cornel
Published: September 2015

During the past four decades, an increased number of similarities between canine mammary tumors and human breast cancer have been reported: molecular, histological, morphological, clinical and epidemiological, which lead to comparative oncological studies. One of the most important goals in human and veterinary oncology is to discover potential molecular biomarkers that could detect breast cancer in an early stage and to develop new effective therapies. Recently, cancer cell lines have successfully been used as an in vitro model to study the biology of cancer, to investigate molecular pathways and to test the efficiency of anticancer drugs. Moreover, establishment of an experimental animal model for the study of human breast cancer will improve testing potential anti-cancer therapies and the discovery of effective therapeutic schemes suitable for human clinical trials.In this review, we collected data from previous studies that strengthen the value of canine mammary cancer cell lines as an in vitro model for the study of human breast cancer.
Health Care Issues for Children and Adolescents in Foster Care and Kinship Care
Authors: Szilagyi Moira A. , Rosen David S. , Rubin David , Zlotnik Sarah ,   the COUNCIL ON FOSTER CARE, ADOPTION, AND KINSHIP CARE, the COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE and the COUNCIL ON EARLY CHILDHOOD, Szilagyi Moira A. , Harmon David , Jaudes Paula , Jones V Faye , Lee Paul , Nalven Lisa , Prock Lisa , Sagor Linda , Schulte Elaine , Springer Sarah , Tonniges Thomas , Braverman Paula K. , Adelman William P. , Alderman Elizabeth M. , Breuner Cora C. , Levine David A. , Marcell Arik V. , O’Brien Rebecca , Lieser Dina , DelConte Beth , Donoghue Elaine , Earls Marian , Glassy Danette , McFadden Terri , Mendelsohn Alan , Scholer Seth , Takagishi Jennifer , Vanderbilt Douglas , Williams Patricia Gail
Published: September 2015

Children and adolescents involved with child welfare, especially those who are removed from their family of origin and placed in out-of-home care, often present with complex and serious physical, mental health, developmental, and psychosocial problems rooted in childhood adversity and trauma. As such, they are designated as children with special health care needs. There are many barriers to providing high-quality comprehensive health care services to children and adolescents whose lives are characterized by transience and uncertainty. Pediatricians have a critical role in ensuring the well-being of children in out-of-home care through the provision of high-quality pediatric health services in the context of a medical home, and health care coordination and advocacy on their behalf. This technical report supports the policy statement of the same title.
Transgenic Restoration of Urea Transporter A1 Confers Maximal Urinary Concentration in the Absence of Urea Transporter A3
Authors: Klein Janet D. , Wang Yanhua , Mistry Abinash , LaRocque Lauren M. , Molina Patrick A. , Rogers Richard T. , Blount Mitsi A. , Sands Jeff M.
Published: September 2015

Urea has a critical role in urinary concentration. Mice lacking the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) urea transporter A1 (UT-A1) and urea transporter A3 (UT-A3) have very low levels of urea permeability and are unable to concentrate urine. To investigate the role of UT-A1 in the concentration of urine, we transgenically expressed UT-A1 in knockout mice lacking UT-A1 and UT-A3 using a construct with a UT-A1 gene that cannot be spliced to produce UT-A3. This construct was inserted behind the original UT-A promoter to yield a mouse expressing only UT-A1 (UT-A1+/+/UT-A3−/−). Western blot analysis demonstrated UT-A1 in the inner medulla of UT-A1+/+/UT-A3−/− and wild-type mice, but not in UT-A1/UT-A3 knockout mice, and an absence of UT-A3 in UT-A1+/+/UT-A3−/− and UT-A1/UT-A3 knockout mice. Immunohistochemistry in UT-A1+/+/UT-A3−/− mice also showed negative UT-A3 staining in kidney and other tissues and positive UT-A1 staining only in the IMCD. Urea permeability in isolated perfused IMCDs showed basal permeability in the UT-A1+/+/UT-A3−/− mice was similar to levels in wild-type mice, but vasopressin stimulation of urea permeability in wild-type mice was significantly greater (100% increase) than in UT-A1+/+/UT-A3−/− mice (8% increase). Notably, basal urine osmolalities in both wild-type and UT-A1+/+/UT-A3−/− mice increased upon overnight water restriction. We conclude that transgenic expression of UT-A1 restores basal urea permeability to the level in wild-type mice but does not restore vasopressin-stimulated levels of urea permeability. This information suggests that transgenic expression of UT-A1 alone in mice lacking UT-A1 and UT-A3 is sufficient to restore urine-concentrating ability.
Integrin-linked Kinase Controls Renal Branching Morphogenesis via Dual Specificity Phosphatase 8
Authors: Smeeton Joanna , Dhir Priya , Hu Di , Feeney Meghan M. , Chen Lin , Rosenblum Norman D.
Published: September 2015

Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is an intracellular scaffold protein with critical cell-specific functions in the embryonic and mature mammalian kidney. Previously, we demonstrated a requirement for Ilk during ureteric branching and cell cycle regulation in collecting duct cells in vivo. Although in vitro data indicate that ILK controls p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) activity, the contribution of ILK-p38MAPK signaling to branching morphogenesis in vivo is not defined. Here, we identified genes that are regulated by Ilk in ureteric cells using a whole-genome expression analysis of whole-kidney mRNA in mice with Ilk deficiency in the ureteric cell lineage. Six genes with expression in ureteric tip cells, including Wnt11, were downregulated, whereas the expression of dual-specificity phosphatase 8 (DUSP8) was upregulated. Phosphorylation of p38MAPK was decreased in kidney tissue with Ilk deficiency, but no significant decrease in the phosphorylation of other intracellular effectors previously shown to control renal morphogenesis was observed. Pharmacologic inhibition of p38MAPK activity in murine inner medullary collecting duct 3 (mIMCD3) cells decreased expression of Wnt11, Krt23, and Slo4c1. DUSP8 overexpression in mIMCD3 cells significantly inhibited p38MAPK activation and the expression of Wnt11 and Slo4c1. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of DUSP8 in cultured embryonic murine kidneys decreased ureteric branching and p38MAPK activation. Together, these data demonstrate that Ilk controls branching morphogenesis by regulating the expression of DUSP8, which inhibits p38MAPK activity and decreases branching morphogenesis.
Auditoria Odontológica: Incidência de Procedimentos Glosados nas Especialidades
Authors: Ana Paula Tobias  , Cristiane Escudeiro Santos
Published: September 2015

Foram analisados os tratamentos propostos por cirurgiões dentistas em uma cooperativa odontológica no período de janeiro de 2013 á dezembro de 2013 que apresentavam procedimentos glosados.OBJETIVO:Verificar quais as especialidades odontológicas que apresentam maior e menor índice de procedimentos glosados nas auditorias de uma cooperativa odontológica.RESULTADOS:Verificou-se que nos procedimentos de Dentística foi encontrado o maior índice de glosascom 29%,seguidos dos procedimentos de Prevenção,com 27% e Periodontia com 21%.Em contraposição Cirurgia,Prótese e Endodontia tiveram menor índice de glosas com 3%,2% e 2% respectivamente.CONCLUSÕES:As especialidades de Dentística,Prevenção e Periodontia tem maior incidência de procedimentos glosados,enquanto Cirurgia,Prótese e Endodontia apresentam a menor incidência.
Comparative morphometric analysis of the proximal femur of African hominids and felids
Authors: Gallagher Andrew
Published: September 2015

Size and shape of the mammalian proximal femur and taxon-specific distinctions in the relative proportions of the proximal articulation, the femoral neck and the proximal femoral diaphysis, are critical determinants in its adaptation to differential biomechanical stresses and observed locomotor habitus in different taxa. The morphometrics of the proximal femur are considered equally critical in the assessment of locomotor habitus of extinct fossil mammals, particularly extinct Miocene anthropoids and Plio-Pleistocene hominins. Analyses of size and shape of k=10 dimensions of the proximal femur were undertaken for a large sample series of two extant mammal families – the Felidae and Hominidae – using conventional multivariate statistical procedures, commonly used size-correction methods, and post-hoc tests of significance. While significant differences in form do exist, there are equally striking convergences in the functional morphology of extant hominid and felid taxa. Multivariate and bivariate allometric analyses confirm that the proximal femur of these two mammalian families share a common underlying structure manifest in a shared first common principal component. Nevertheless, while considerable convergences in general form of the proximal femur of African hominids and large-bodied felids are apparent, there exist equally discreet distinctions which are consistent with the differential structural demands imposed by their distinct locomotor and behavioural habitus.
Food consumption changes in South Africa since 1994
Authors: Ronquest-Ross Lisa-Claire , Vink Nick , Sigge Gunnar O.
Published: September 2015

Food consumption patterns in South Africa have changed dramatically over the past decades and likely will continue to change over the coming decades. Various food-related studies conducted over the last few decades indicate that food consumption shifts in South Africa have been towards a more Westernorientated diet, with nutritional consequences contributing to increased obesity and other non-communicable diseases. Several sources of data may be used to examine patterns in food consumption over time. Each of these methods has its own merits depending on the desired outcome, but are difficult to compare as each measures different levels of dietary information. As a result of the lack of regular national or comparable food consumption data in South Africa, the objective of this study was to establish, through the use of databases (FAOSTAT food balance sheets and Euromonitor International© Passport), the broad food and beverage consumption shifts in South Africa since 1994. Our findings indicate that food consumption shifts have been towards an overall increase in daily kilojoules consumed, a diet of sugar-sweetened beverages, an increase in the proportion of processed and packaged food including edible vegetable oils, increased intake of animal source foods, and added caloric sweeteners, and a shift away from vegetables. The largest shifts in food consumption were observed for soft drinks, sauces, dressings and condiments, sweet and savoury snacks, meat, and fats and oils. Convenience, health and nutrition, and indulgence were the main drivers of the increase in consumption of packaged foods and beverages. These shifts in food consumption are concerning as relates to their fat, sugar and salt composition and potential effect on public health.
Análise Perfilométrica do Padrão de Desgaste Dentário de Indivíduos Bruxômanos e sua Inter-Relação com a Erosão Dentária: Um Estudo Longitudinal
Authors: Bonato Letícia Ladeira , Bastos Flávia De Souza , Meireles Agnes Batista , De Ávila Renato Françoso , Guimarães Josemar Parreira
Published: September 2015

O desgaste dentário é considerado um processo fisiológico. Contudo, quando o mesmo apresenta-se acentuado, frequentemente o bruxismo é apontado como o único fator etiológico envolvido, desconsiderando-se outros possíveis padrões de desgaste, como a erosão e a abrasão. O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar através da análise da rugosidade superficial de dentes como é o padrão de desgaste dentário de mulheres diagnosticadas com erosão ácida e/ou atrição. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo observacional longitudinal. A amostra foi constituída por 20 mulheres entre 20 e 50 anos, divididas em grupo A (n=9), caracterizado por integrantes que realizavam o bruxismo, e grupo B (n=11), formado por mulheres que não realizavam tal função. Uma subdivisão foi ainda realizada, separando aquelas que possuíam fatores erosivos em sua dieta. Para obtenção das réplicas dentárias das pacientes, foi realizada moldagem da arcada superior com Silicona de Adição após minucioso exame clínico. Para análise da rugosidade superficial das amostras, foi utilizado o Rugosímetro Mitutoyo Surftest SJ-301. Todas as participantes do grupo A e B com fatores erosivos presentes apresentaram aumentos no parâmetro Ra, da ordem de 25,16%, 200% e 74,9%, respectivamente. O grupo B sem erosão foi o único em que a diferença observada não pode ser considerada significativa. Em relação à curva de material Abbot-Firestone, a diferença apresentou-se acentuada apenas nos grupos onde havia a presença de fatores erosivos. Os resultados mostraram que o padrão de desgaste dentário quando presentes fatores erosivos é acentuado quando comparado com o desgaste decorrente apenas da atrição.
Carla van Wamelen, Family life onder de VOC. Een handelscompagnie in huwelijks- en gezinszaken
Authors: Haks Donald
Published: September 2015

Carla van Wamelen, Family life onder de VOC. Een handelscompagnie in huwelijks- en gezinszaken (Hilversum: Verloren, 2014, 592 pp., ISBN 978 90 8704 494 7).
Políticas de Educação de Jovens e Adultos e seus resultados: o caso do Paraná
Authors: Correia Jorge Luiz , Barros Lara Angela Mara
Published: September 2015

As políticas públicas de Educação de Jovens e Adultos, no Paraná, no período de 1995 a 2002, constituem o objeto deste artigo. O objetivo posto é refletir sobre os resultados das referidas políticas educacionais a partir da apresentação das ações e estratégias implementadas para sua efetivação. Para análise do objeto, utiliza-se uma abordagem histórica, relacionando a problemática com os determinantes históricos e sociais do desenvolvimento do capitalismo. Evidencia-se que as políticas colocadas em prática para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos, no estado, resultaram na ampliação do atendimento e em altos índices de conclusão, por meio de mecanismos de descentralização e aceleração da certificação. Conclui-se que tais políticas estiveram em sintonia com as diretrizes mais gerais da reforma educacional e ampliaram o horizonte da universalização da educação básica.

Palavras-chave: Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Políticas educacionais. Descentralização. Certificação da educação básica.

 
Solving Community Protection for Inhabited Areas Surrounding a Drilling Site: A Case Study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Gilbert Mike , Daher Elie
Published: September 2015

A key Oil and Gas player required H2S safety solutions for their new onshore drilling project. A major challenge was protecting a community of approximately 500 homes situated within the 5km Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ). Preventing the potentially fatal consequences of an H2S release was of the utmost importance.

A cutting-edge community protection solution was implemented composed of eight units of gas and environmental monitors linked together to control the conditions within the EPZ. The innovative perimeter monitoring solution allowed environmental conditions to be monitored online in real-time. Training was done to ensure that the operator was supplied with qualified and trained H2S safety personnel and all other safety personnel during critical operations. Equipment such as gas detections system, handheld monitors, and breathing air packs were provided to ensure that all safety aspects are covered in this critical operation.

The customization and installation of a reliable, online perimeter monitoring system allowed continuous data stream that made remote monitoring of the vicinity, based on both RF and web technology available for instant tracking and monitoring. Real-time information accessible from anywhere in the world allowed the operator to be aware and be prepared for any emergencies that might occur. SMS notifications were also programmed in case of any emergency to ensure a prompt response. The system also provided a reliable data log for future analysis. The fact that the operator took considerable measures to look out for the community's safety helped improve relations with the public. Members of the affected community felt assured by the degree of precaution implemented, knowing that they would be warned promptly in the event of an emergency.

This case study presents an analysis of conventional and newer community protection systems and discusses in detail the significance of this innovation in dealing with rapidly expanding production near communities. The case study outlines how to make communities feel safe and how to conduct EPZ monitoring efficiently using state-of-the-art technologies and customizing equipment to suit unique worksite requirements.
The Symplectic Method in Polar Coordinates for Linear Viscoelastic Materials
Authors: Zhang W.X. , Bai Y.
Published: September 2015

In this study, the symplectic method is applied to a two-dimensional annular-sector viscoelastic domain under
the polar coordinate system. By applying variable separation approach, all fundamental solutions are derived in analytical
form. Furthermore, using the method of variable substitution, lateral conditions are transformed into finding a particular
solution for the governing equations, and this particular solution is derived with the use of eigensolution expansion. In the
numerical example, the boundary condition problem is discussed in detail to analyze the stress response of viscoelastic
solids.
Performance Analysis of Cognitive Radio Networks with a Two-Part Queue
Authors: Zhang Min , Li Bin
Published: September 2015

In a cognitive radio network (CRN), a preempted secondary user (SU) is placed in a call level queue to wait for
accessing another free channel. If the availability of channels is transparent to SUs, packets will be generated during their
waiting time and the performance of the CRN will be influenced by which way to handle these packets. In this paper, the
call level queue is departed into two parts, delay queue and discard queue. Here, an analytical model is developed to derive
the formulas for both call level performance measures (i.e., call blocking probability) and packet level performance
measures (i.e., packet delay, packet loss ratio and throughput). Numerical results show that theoretical models are consistent
with simulation results. The major observations include (i) The performances of an SU degrade as the call arrival
rate increases. (ii) With the increase of the delay queue length, the SU call blocking probability and packet delay increase,
while the packet loss ratio and throughput decrease. (iii) Adopting different delay queue length causes a smaller effect on
call blocking probability and throughput than on packet loss ratio and packet delay.