bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Two NMN Deamidase Mutants as Possible Probes for an NMN Biosensor
Authors: Camarca Alessandra , Minazzato Gabriele , Pennacchio Angela , Capo Alessandro , Amici Adolfo , D’Auria Sabato , Raffaelli Nadia
Published: June 2021

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a key intermediate in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis. Its supplementation has demonstrated beneficial effects on several diseases. The aim of this study was to characterize NMN deamidase (PncC) inactive mutants to use as possible molecular recognition elements (MREs) for an NMN-specific biosensor. Thermal stability assays and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy measurements were used to study the binding of NMN and related metabolites (NaMN, Na, Nam, NR, NAD, NADP, and NaAD) to the PncC mutated variants. In particular, the S29A PncC and K61Q PncC variant forms were selected since they still preserve the ability to bind NMN in the micromolar range, but they are not able to catalyze the enzymatic reaction. While S29A PncC shows a similar affinity also for NaMN (the product of the PncC catalyzed reaction), K61Q PncC does not interact significantly with it. Thus, PncC K61Q mutant seems to be a promising candidate to use as specific probe for an NMN biosensor.
MPK6 Kinase Regulates Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase Activity in Cold Acclimation
Authors: Ponce-Pineda Ilian Giordano , Carmona-Salazar Laura , Saucedo-García Mariana , Cano-Ramírez Dora , Morales-Cedillo Francisco , Peña-Moral Araceli , Guevara-García Ángel Arturo , Sánchez-Nieto Sobeida , Gavilanes-Ruíz Marina
Published: June 2021

Cold and freezing stresses severely affect plant growth, development, and survival rate. Some plant species have evolved a process known as cold acclimation, in which plants exposed to temperatures above 0 °C trigger biochemical and physiological changes to survive freezing. During this response, several signaling events are mediated by transducers, such as mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. Plasma membrane H+-ATPase is a key enzyme for the plant cell life under regular and stress conditions. Using wild type and mpk3 and mpk6 knock out mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana, we explored the transcriptional, translational, and 14-3-3 protein regulation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity under the acclimation process. The kinetic analysis revealed a differential profiling of the H+-ATPase activity depending on the presence or absence of MPK3 or MPK6 under non-acclimated or acclimated conditions. Negative regulation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity was found to be exerted by MPK3 in non-acclimated conditions and by MPK6 in acclimated conditions, describing a novel form of regulation of this master ATPase. The MPK6 regulation involved changes in plasma membrane fluidity. Moreover, our results indicated that MPK6 is a critical regulator in the process of cold acclimation that leads to freezing tolerance and further survival.
The Role of Biodegradable Poly-(L-lactide)-Based Polymers in Blood Cell Activation and Platelet-Monocyte Interaction
Authors: Strohbach Anne , Maess Friedemann , Wulf Katharina , Petersen Svea , Grabow Niels , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Felix Stephan B. , Busch Raila
Published: June 2021

The main purpose of new stent technologies is to overcome unfavorable material-related incompatibilities by producing bio- and hemo-compatible polymers with anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombogenic properties. In this context, wettability is an important surface property, which has a major impact on the biological response of blood cells. However, the influence of local hemodynamic changes also influences blood cell activation. Therefore, we investigated biodegradable polymers with different wettability to identify possible aspects for a better prediction of blood compatibility. We applied shear rates of 100 s−1 and 1500 s−1 and assessed platelet and monocyte activation as well as the formation of CD62P+ monocyte-bound platelets via flow cytometry. Aggregation of circulating platelets induced by collagen was assessed by light transmission aggregometry. Via live cell imaging, leukocytes were tracked on biomaterial surfaces to assess their average velocity. Monocyte adhesion on biomaterials was determined by fluorescence microscopy. In response to low shear rates of 100 s−1, activation of circulating platelets and monocytes as well as the formation of CD62P+ monocyte-bound platelets corresponded to the wettability of the underlying material with the most favorable conditions on more hydrophilic surfaces. Under high shear rates, however, blood compatibility cannot only be predicted by the concept of wettability. We assume that the mechanisms of blood cell-polymer interactions do not allow for a rule-of-thumb prediction of the blood compatibility of a material, which makes extensive in vitro testing mandatory.
Endothelial Cell Participation in Inflammatory Reaction
Authors: Wautier Jean-Luc , Wautier Marie-Paule
Published: June 2021

Inflammation is an old concept that has started to be considered as an important factor in infection and chronic diseases. The role of leukocytes, the plasmatic components, then of the mediators such as prostaglandins, cytokines, and, in recent decades, of the endothelium has completed the concept of the inflammation process. The function of the endothelium appeared to be crucial as a regulator or the initiator of the inflammatory process. Culture of human endothelial cells and experimental systems made it possible to define the molecular basis of inflammation in vascular diseases, in diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, vasculitis and thromboembolic complications. Advanced glycation end product receptor (RAGE), present on endothelial cells (ECs) and monocytes, participates in the activation of these cells in inflammatory conditions. Inflammasome is a cytosolic multiprotein that controls the response to diverse microorganisms. It is positively regulated by stimulator of interferon response CGAMP interactor-1 (STING1). Angiogenesis and thrombotic events are dysregulated during inflammation. ECs appear to be a protector, but also a possible initiator of thrombosis.
Activity of Oritavancin and Its Synergy with Other Antibiotics against Mycobacterium abscessus Infection In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Wang Gaoyan , Tang Jia , Feng Jiajia , Dong Wenqi , Huo Xinyu , Lu Hao , Wang Chenchen , Lu Wenjia , Wang Xiangru , Chen Huanchun , Tan Chen
Published: June 2021

Background: Pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) spreads around the world, and this disease is extremely difficult to treat due to intrinsic and acquired resistance of the pathogen to many approved antibiotics. M. abscessus is regarded as one of the most drug-resistant mycobacteria, with very limited therapeutic options. Methods: Whole-cell growth inhibition assays was performed to screen and identify novel inhibitors. The IC50 of the target compounds were tested against THP-1 cells was determined to calculate the selectivity index, and then time–kill kinetics assay was performed against M. abscessus. Subsequently, the synergy of oritavancin with other antibiotics was evaluated by using checkerboard method. Finally, in vivo efficacy was determined in an immunosuppressive murine model simulating M. abscessus infection. Results: We have identified oritavancin as a potential agent against M. abscessus. Oritavancin exhibited time-concentration dependent bactericidal activity against M. abscessus and it also displayed synergy with clarithromycin, tigecycline, cefoxitin, moxifloxacin, and meropenem in vitro. Additionally, oritavancin had bactericidal effect on intracellular M. abscessus. Oritavancin significantly reduced bacterial load in lung when it was used alone or in combination with cefoxitin and meropenem. Conclusions: Our in vitro and in vivo assay results indicated that oritavancin may be a viable treatment option against M. abscessus infection.
Targeting Glycolysis in Macrophages Confers Protection Against Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Penny Hweixian Leong , Sieow Je Lin , Gun Sin Yee , Lau Mai Chan , Lee Bernett , Tan Jasmine , Phua Cindy , Toh Florida , Nga Yvonne , Yeap Wei Hseun , Janela Baptiste , Kumar Dilip , Chen Hao , Yeong Joe , Kenkel Justin A. , Pang Angela , Lim Diana , Toh Han Chong , Hon Tony Lim Kiat , Johnson Christopher I. , Khameneh Hanif Javanmard , Mortellaro Alessandra , Engleman Edgar G. , Rotzschke Olaf , Ginhoux Florent , Abastado Jean-Pierre , Chen Jinmiao , Wong Siew Cheng
Published: June 2021

Inflammation in the tumor microenvironment has been shown to promote disease progression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); however, the role of macrophage metabolism in promoting inflammation is unclear. Using an orthotopic mouse model of PDAC, we demonstrate that macrophages from tumor-bearing mice exhibit elevated glycolysis. Macrophage-specific deletion of Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) significantly reduced tumor burden, which was accompanied by increased Natural Killer and CD8+ T cell activity and suppression of the NLRP3-IL1β inflammasome axis. Administration of mice with a GLUT1-specific inhibitor reduced tumor burden, comparable with gemcitabine, the current standard-of-care. In addition, we observe that intra-tumoral macrophages from human PDAC patients exhibit a pronounced glycolytic signature, which reliably predicts poor survival. Our data support a key role for macrophage metabolism in tumor immunity, which could be exploited to improve patient outcomes.
The Serpin Superfamily and Their Role in the Regulation and Dysfunction of Serine Protease Activity in COPD and Other Chronic Lung Diseases
Authors: Kelly-Robinson Gillian A. , Reihill James A. , Lundy Fionnuala T. , McGarvey Lorcan P. , Lockhart John C. , Litherland Gary J. , Thornbury Keith D. , Martin S. Lorraine
Published: June 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating heterogeneous disease characterised by unregulated proteolytic destruction of lung tissue mediated via a protease-antiprotease imbalance. In COPD, the relationship between the neutrophil serine protease, neutrophil elastase, and its endogenous inhibitor, alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) is the best characterised. AAT belongs to a superfamily of serine protease inhibitors known as serpins. Advances in screening technologies have, however, resulted in many members of the serpin superfamily being identified as having differential expression across a multitude of chronic lung diseases compared to healthy individuals. Serpins exhibit a unique suicide-substrate mechanism of inhibition during which they undergo a dramatic conformational change to a more stable form. A limitation is that this also renders them susceptible to disease-causing mutations. Identification of the extent of their physiological/pathological role in the airways would allow further expansion of knowledge regarding the complexity of protease regulation in the lung and may provide wider opportunity for their use as therapeutics to aid the management of COPD and other chronic airways diseases.
Toxicity of Jegosaponins A and B from Styrax japonica Siebold et al. Zuccarini in Prostate Cancer Cells and Zebrafish Embryos Resulting from Increased Membrane Permeability
Authors: Nishimura Moe , Fuchino Hiroyuki , Takayanagi Kaoru , Kawakami Hitomi , Nakayama Hiroko , Kawahara Nobuo , Shimada Yasuhito
Published: June 2021

(1) Background: Screening of medicinal herbs is one of the most powerful approaches to identifying novel therapeutic molecules against many human diseases. To avoid potential harmful effects during medicinal use, toxicity testing is necessary in the early stages of drug discovery. The objective of this study was to identify the cytotoxic mechanisms of jegosaponin A and B from Styrax japonica Siebold et al. Zuccarini; (2) Methods: We screened Japanese medicinal herb extracts using PC-3 prostate cancer cells and found that a methanol extract isolated from the unripe fruit of Styrax japonica Siebold et al. Zuccarini (SJSZ) had an inhibitory effect on cell viability. We further performed fractionation assays with PC-3 cells and identified the bioactive compounds using LC/MS and NMR analysis. We clarified the toxic mechanisms of these compounds using PC-3 cells and zebrafish embryos; (3) Results: We identified two active molecules, jegosaponin A and jegosaponin B, in the inhibitory fractions of the methanol extract. These jegosaponins are toxic to zebrafish embryos during the early developmental stage. Jegosaponin A and B showed strong haemolytic activity in sheep defibrinated blood (EC50 = 2.1 μM, and 20.2 μM, respectively) and increased the cell membrane permeability in PC-3 cells and zebrafish embryos, which were identified using a membrane non-permeable DRAQ7, a fluorescent nucleus staining dye; (4) We identified the cytotoxic compounds jegosaponin A and B from SJSZ, which we showed to exhibit cell membrane disruptive properties using cell- and zebrafish-based testing.
Electrospun Nanofibers for Sensing and Biosensing Applications—A Review
Authors: Halicka Kinga , Cabaj Joanna
Published: June 2021

Sensors and biosensors have found applications in many areas, e.g., in medicine and clinical diagnostics, or in environmental monitoring. To expand this field, nanotechnology has been employed in the construction of sensing platforms. Because of their properties, such as high surface area to volume ratio, nanofibers (NFs) have been studied and used to develop sensors with higher loading capacity, better sensitivity, and faster response time. They also allow to miniaturize designed platforms. One of the most commonly used techniques of the fabrication of NFs is electrospinning. Electrospun NFs can be used in different types of sensors and biosensors. This review presents recent studies concerning electrospun nanofiber-based electrochemical and optical sensing platforms for the detection of various medically and environmentally relevant compounds, including glucose, drugs, microorganisms, and toxic metal ions.
Monogenic Autoinflammatory Diseases: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
Authors: Di Donato Giulia , d’Angelo Debora Mariarita , Breda Luciana , Chiarelli Francesco
Published: June 2021

Systemic autoinflammatory diseases are a heterogeneous family of disorders characterized by a dysregulation of the innate immune system, in which sterile inflammation primarily develops through antigen-independent hyperactivation of immune pathways. In most cases, they have a strong genetic background, with mutations in single genes involved in inflammation. Therefore, they can derive from different pathogenic mechanisms at any level, such as dysregulated inflammasome-mediated production of cytokines, intracellular stress, defective regulatory pathways, altered protein folding, enhanced NF-kappaB signalling, ubiquitination disorders, interferon pathway upregulation and complement activation. Since the discover of pathogenic mutations of the pyrin-encoding gene MEFV in Familial Mediterranean Fever, more than 50 monogenic autoinflammatory diseases have been discovered thanks to the advances in genetic sequencing: the advent of new genetic analysis techniques and the discovery of genes involved in autoinflammatory diseases have allowed a better understanding of the underlying innate immunologic pathways and pathogenetic mechanisms, thus opening new perspectives in targeted therapies. Moreover, this field of research has become of great interest, since more than a hundred clinical trials for autoinflammatory diseases are currently active or recently concluded, allowing us to hope for considerable acquisitions for the next few years. General paediatricians need to be aware of the importance of this group of diseases and they should consider autoinflammatory diseases in patients with clinical hallmarks, in order to guide further examinations and refer the patient to a specialist rheumatologist. Here we resume the pathogenesis, clinical aspects and diagnosis of the most important autoinflammatory diseases in children.
Novel Bacterial Production of Two Different Bioactive Forms of Human Stem-Cell Factor
Authors: Lee Eunyoung , de Paula Michelle Novais , Baek Sangki , Ta Huynh Kim Khanh , Nguyen Minh Tan , Jeong Taeck-Hyun , Kim Chong Jai , Jang Yeon Jin , Choe Han
Published: June 2021

Human stem-cell factor (hSCF) stimulates the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic cells by binding to the c-Kit receptor. Various applications of hSCF require the efficient and reliable production of hSCF. hSCF exists in three forms: as two membrane-spanning proteins hSCF248 and hSCF229 and truncated soluble N-terminal protein hSCF164. hSCF164 is known to be insoluble when expressed in Escherichia coli cytoplasm, requiring a complex refolding procedure. The activity of hSCF248 has never been studied. Here, we investigated novel production methods for recombinant hSCF164 and hSCF248 without the refolding process. To increase the solubility of hSCF164, maltose-binding protein (MBP) and protein disulfide isomerase b’a’ domain (PDIb’a’) tags were attached to the N-terminus of hSCF164. These fusion proteins were overexpressed in soluble form in the Origami 2(DE3) E. coli strain. These solubilization effects were enhanced at a low temperature. His-hSCF248, the poly-His tagged form of hSCF248, was expressed in a highly soluble form without a solubilization tag protein, which was unexpected because His-hSCF248 contains a transmembrane domain. hSCF164 was purified using affinity and ion-exchange chromatography, and His-hSCF248 was purified by ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The purified proteins stimulated the proliferation of TF-1 cells. Interestingly, the EC50 value of His-hSCF248 was 1 pg/mL, 100-fold lower than 9 ng/mL hSCF164. Additionally, His-hSCF248 decreased the doubling time, increased the proportion of S and G2/M stages in the cell cycle, and increased the c-Myc expression at a 1000-fold lower concentration than hSCF164. In conclusion, His-hSCF248 was expressed in a soluble form in E. coli and had stronger activity than hSCF164. The molecular chaperone, MBP, enabled the soluble overexpression of hSCF164.
Protease Substrate-Independent Universal Assay for Monitoring Digestion of Native Unmodified Proteins
Authors: Vuorinen Emmiliisa , Valtonen Salla , Hassan Nazia , Mahran Randa , Habib Huda , Malakoutikhah Morteza , Kopra Kari , Härmä Harri
Published: June 2021

Proteases are a group of enzymes with a catalytic function to hydrolyze peptide bonds of proteins. Proteases regulate the activity, signaling mechanism, fate, and localization of many proteins, and their dysregulation is associated with various pathological conditions. Proteases have been identified as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for multiple diseases, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, and cancer, where they are essential to disease progression. Thus, protease inhibitors and inhibitor-like molecules are interesting drug candidates. To study proteases and their substrates and inhibitors, simple, rapid, and sensitive protease activity assays are needed. Existing fluorescence-based assays enable protease monitoring in a high-throughput compatible microtiter plate format, but the methods often rely on either molecular labeling or synthetic protease targets that only mimic the hydrolysis site of the true target proteins. Here, we present a homogenous, label-free, and time-resolved luminescence utilizing the protein-probe method to assay proteases with native and denatured substrates at nanomolar sensitivity. The developed protein-probe method is not restricted to any single protein or protein target class, enabling digestion and substrate fragmentation studies with the natural unmodified substrate proteins. The versatility of the assay for studying protease targets was shown by monitoring the digestion of a substrate panel with different proteases. These results indicate that the protein-probe method not only monitors the protease activity and inhibition, but also studies the substrate specificity of individual proteases.
The BMP Pathway in Blood Vessel and Lymphatic Vessel Biology
Authors: Ponomarev Ljuba C. , Ksiazkiewicz Jakub , Staring Michael W. , Luttun Aernout , Zwijsen An
Published: June 2021

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were originally identified as the active components in bone extracts that can induce ectopic bone formation. In recent decades, their key role has broadly expanded beyond bone physiology and pathology. Nowadays, the BMP pathway is considered an important player in vascular signaling. Indeed, mutations in genes encoding different components of the BMP pathway cause various severe vascular diseases. Their signaling contributes to the morphological, functional and molecular heterogeneity among endothelial cells in different vessel types such as arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels and capillaries within different organs. The BMP pathway is a remarkably fine-tuned pathway. As a result, its signaling output in the vessel wall critically depends on the cellular context, which includes flow hemodynamics, interplay with other vascular signaling cascades and the interaction of endothelial cells with peri-endothelial cells and the surrounding matrix. In this review, the emerging role of BMP signaling in lymphatic vessel biology will be highlighted within the framework of BMP signaling in the circulatory vasculature.
CFM-RFM: A Cascading Failure Model for Inter-Domain Routing Systems with the Recovery Feedback Mechanism
Authors: Zhao Wendian , Wang Yongjie , Xiong Xinli , Li Yang
Published: June 2021

With the increase and diversification of network users, the scale of the inter-domain routing system is becoming larger and larger. Cascading failure analysis and modeling are of great significance to improve the security of inter-domain routing networks. To solve the problem that the propagation principle of cascading failure does not conform to reality, a Cascading Failure Model for inter-domain routing systems with the Recovery Feedback Mechanism (CFM-RFM) is proposed in this paper. CFM-RFM comprehensively considers the main factors that cause cascading failure. Based on two types of update message propagation mechanism and traffic redistribution, it simulates the cascading failure process. We found that under the action of the recovery feedback mechanism, the cascading failure process was accelerated, and the network did not quickly return to normal, but was rather quickly and extensively paralyzed. The average attack cost can be reduced by 38.1% when the network suffers the same damage.
Cement-Bonded Particleboards with Banana Pseudostem Waste: Physical Performance and Bio-Susceptibility
Authors: Nunes Lina , Cintura Eleonora , Parracha João L. , Fernandes Bruno , Silva Vitor , Faria Paulina
Published: June 2021

This article evaluates the relevant properties of cement-bonded particleboards (CBPB) made with a portion of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) particles replaced with an agricultural waste, banana pseudostem (Musa sp.). The industrial production of CBPB was simulated in the laboratory based on a reference composition defined by a manufacturing company. Test specimens were produced assuming 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% partial replacement of wood particles with banana pseudostem fibres. Some physical properties (bulk density, thermal conductivity, and dimensional stability) and the mould susceptibility of the different variables were assessed. Results show that the thermal conductivity of the boards increased with the banana fibre proportion and ranged between 0.233 W/(m.K) and 0.279 W/(m.K). The bulk density values generally increased with the banana fibre proportion and ranged between 1754–1995 kg/m3, being the highest value obtained for B50 (equal weight proportion of wood particles and banana fibres). Specimens with a higher percentage of banana fibres have reduced thickness resulting from swelling, ranging between 0.38% and 0.11% (for 0% and 75% of banana fibres, respectively). CBPBs with unsanded surfaces seem to be unsusceptible to mould development, whereas those with sanded surfaces, simulating wearing, show some bio-susceptibility. Mould development increases with the proportion of banana fibre. The results highlight the need for regular maintenance of the particleboards, thus avoiding surface wear over time and resulting in the exposure of the wood particles and/or banana fibres to the outside environment.
How Cardiac Embryology Translates into Clinical Arrhythmias
Authors: Rivaud Mathilde R. , Blok Michiel , Jongbloed Monique R. M. , Boukens Bastiaan J.
Published: June 2021

The electrophysiological signatures of the myocardium in cardiac structures, such as the atrioventricular node, pulmonary veins or the right ventricular outflow tract, are established during development by the spatial and temporal expression of transcription factors that guide expression of specific ion channels. Genome-wide association studies have shown that small variations in genetic regions are key to the expression of these transcription factors and thereby modulate the electrical function of the heart. Moreover, mutations in these factors are found in arrhythmogenic pathologies such as congenital atrioventricular block, as well as in specific forms of atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. In this review, we discuss the developmental origin of distinct electrophysiological structures in the heart and their involvement in cardiac arrhythmias.
From Provider to Advocate: The Complexities of Traumatic Brain Injury Prompt the Evolution of Provider Engagement
Authors: Singman Eric
Published: June 2021

Treating a patient with traumatic brain injury requires an interdisciplinary approach because of the pervasive, profound and protean manifestations of this condition. In this review, key aspects of the medical history and review of systems will be described in order to highlight how the role of any provider must evolve to become a better patient advocate. Although this review is written from the vantage point of a vision care provider, it is hoped that patients, caregivers and providers will recognize the need for a team approach.
Is It the Surgeon, the Patient, or the Device? A Comprehensive Clinical and Radiological Evaluation of Factors Influencing Patient Satisfaction in 648 Total Knee Arthroplasties
Authors: Rissolio Lorenzo , Sabatini Luigi , Risitano Salvatore , Bistolfi Alessandro , Galluzzo Umberto , Massè Alessandro , Indelli Pier Francesco
Published: June 2021

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a successful and safe surgical procedure for treating osteoarthritic knees, but despite the overall good results, some patients remain dissatisfied. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of patient-related and surgery-related variables in a consecutive group of patients that underwent TKA. Individuals (n = 648) who had TKA performed between 01 January 2013 and 31 December 2017 were enrolled in the study. Postoperative Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Forgotten Joint score (FJS-12) were collected at a mean follow-up of 4.79 years. Patient satisfaction was assessed with a questionnaire. Determinants of satisfaction (age, sex, smoking, presence of diabetes or cardiovascular disease, pain in other joints, preoperative arthritic stage) and components of satisfaction (slope variation, mechanical axis variation, outlier final alignment, surgeon experience) were examined to identify which variables correlated with positive outcome. Correlations with septic and mechanicals failures were also evaluated. Thirteen percent of patients were unsatisfied, despite good results in KOOS, WOMAC and FJS-12 tests. Female gender, low Kellgren–Lawrence grade and the presence of back pain and pain in other joints were factors associated with poor clinical results. Poorer clinical results were also reported in younger patients. Infection rate was correlated with active smoking and mechanical failure with an outlier final alignment. Comorbidities, smoking habits and high expectations have a big influence on TKA results and on final satisfaction after surgery.
Caries Experience of Adults with Intellectual Disability in the Western Part of Germany
Authors: Schmidt Peter , Egermann Michael , Sauerland Claudia , Schulte Andreas G.
Published: June 2021

Background: In Germany, there is limited evidence on the oral health of adults with intellectual disabilities (AwID). Methods: In 2017/18, dental examinations of AwID and a questionnaire survey of their legal guardians were carried out. The mean D3MFT values were calculated to describe the caries experience. The prevalence of AwID with at least one fissure sealant (FS) was determined and associations between caries experience and various sociodemographic factors (e.g., age, gender, living arrangements) were investigated. Results: The data of 132 AwID (mean age 35.2 years; range 18–69 years) could be included. For all AwIDs the mean D3MFT value was 9.5 (95% CI 8.1–11.0). The mean D3MFT value for the 35–44-year-olds was 10.9 (95% CI 8.4–13.4). All caries-free persons (n = 14) were younger than 45 years. Furthermore, the mean D3MFT value for AwID living with their parents was lower at a statistically significant level than that of AwID in independent living arrangements. Moreover, younger AwIDs (18–34-year-olds) with at least one FS had a statistically significantly lower mean D3MFT value compared to those without any FS (D3MFT: 3.0 vs. 6.7). Conclusions: The dental health of AwID has improved in Germany in recent years, but, on average, AwIDs still have more missing teeth than their peers in the general population. Oral epidemiological studies on AwID should include information on their living arrangements to assess potential associations between sociodemographic factors and oral health.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients with HBV Infection or Other Chronic Liver Diseases: Update on Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives
Authors: Paratore Mattia , Santopaolo Francesco , Cammarota Giovanni , Pompili Maurizio , Gasbarrini Antonio , Ponziani Francesca Romana
Published: June 2021

Liver disease and gut dysbiosis are strictly associated, and the pathophysiology of this bidirectional relationship has recently been the subject of several investigations. Growing evidence highlights the link between gut microbiota composition, impairment of the gut-liver axis, and the development or progression of liver disease. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota to maintain homeostasis of the gut-liver axis could represent a potential instrument to halt liver damage, modify the course of liver disease, and improve clinical outcomes. Among all the methods available to achieve this purpose, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is one of the most promising, being able to directly reshape the recipient’s gut microbial communities. In this review, we report the main characteristics of gut dysbiosis and its pathogenetic consequences in cirrhotic patients, discussing the emerging data on the application of FMT for liver disease in different clinical settings.
Chromatic Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites of Poly (p-Phenylene Ethynylene)s and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Shanju , Bunz Uwe H. F. , Bucknall David G.
Published: June 2021

We report on dispersions and thin films of chromatic conductive nanocomposites of poly(p-phenylene ethynylene)s (PPEs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) generated via solution mixing. The linear, conjugated PPEs with dialkyl- and dialkyloxy-side chain groups are shown to debundle and disperse high concentration (up to 2.5 mg/mL) SWNTs in various organic solvents. The solubilization of SWNTs and PPE wrapping is accompanied with the change in the solution color. Ultraviolet visible absorption spectra of nanocomposite solutions demonstrate a new absorption peak at a higher wavelength, supporting the observed chromatism. Fluorescence spectra of nanocomposite solutions display significant quenching of the fluorescence intensity and the Stern–Volmer model is used to analyze fluorescence quenching. Electron microscopy of the chromatic solid films of high mass fraction PPE/SWNT nanocomposites obtained by vacuum filtration reveals the debundled SWNTs in the PPE matrix. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of these PPE/SWNT nanocomposite films are as high as 150 MPa and 15 GPa, respectively. The composite films exhibit remarkably high conductivities, ranging from ~1000 S/m to ~10,000 S/m for 10 wt% and 60 wt% SWNT nanocomposites, respectively.
Sex segregation and young adults' gender-typed attitudes about occupations
Authors:   ,   West Virginia University, DiDonato Lisa
Published: June 2021

The present study examined the relation between the prevalence of sex segregation, or the division of men and women within social interactions, and young adults' gender-typed attitudes. Specifically, gender-typed attitudes about the occupations that are preferred for the self and viewed as appropriate for others were investigated. The objectives of the current study were partially based on the suggestion that gender-typed attitudes may be a consequence, as well as a cause, of sex segregation (McHale, Kim, Whiteman, & Crouter, 2004). The gender-typed personality traits of expressivity (i.e., traits typically associated with femininity; e.g., being emotional) and instrumentality (i.e., traits typically associated with masculinity; e.g., being assertive) were examined as mediators of the relation between sex segregation and gender-typed attitudes about occupations. Activity preferences, or the activities that individuals choose to engage in, was also investigated as a mediator of the relation between sex segregation and gender-typed attitudes about occupations. Participants were 284 young adult college students between 18 to 23 years who completed questionnaires for the study online. The results indicated that men and women have more same-sex friends than other-sex friends. The frequency of sex segregation was found to be partially dependent on factors such as sex and context of the interaction (i.e., school vs. "hanging out"). Furthermore, men and women were found to have gender-typed attitudes about occupations viewed as appropriate for the self and for others. Overall, sex segregation was not found to be related to gender-typed attitudes about occupations. Reasons for these findings are discussed. Additionally, the potential consequences of the findings are discussed in relation to the continuing sex segregation that is observed within many occupations.
The role of a nurse in providing medical care for acute intestinal obstruction
Authors: GARANINA Lilia Andreevna , NAZAROV Artem Aleksandrovich
Published: June 2021

Diseases of the digestive system are by far the most common of all diseases of the internal organs. Every second inhabitant of our planet suffers from such diseases as pancreatitis, peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer, cholecystitis, and gastroenteritis, which significantly impair the quality of life and limit social and work activities. It should be noted that both men and women aged 20 to 40 are more susceptible to the pathologies. The frequency of patients’ visits to the outpatient clinic is quite high.
Application of nanotechnology to counter antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Oreif Eslam Shaaban Mohamed Ghazy , Elmanakhly Mohammed Emam , Rizk Marko George
Published: June 2021

One of the main current health problems is the development of antimicrobial resistance. Currently, trials have been made to combat resistance developed by pathogens. These trials include thinking about non-traditional antimicrobial agents, development of novel antibiotics or formulations and modification of the traditional antimicrobial agents. Nanotechnology is increasingly utilized in many different clinical applications in our life, so it can present a potential answer to anti-microbial resistance, which could stimulate innovation and create a new generation of antimicrobial treatments. Because of nano size and unique physiochemical properties of nanoparticles, they can provide newer mechanisms of antimicrobial actions. This review article summarize mechanisms of action of antimicrobial agents and the different method of resistance developed by bacterial pathogens. After that we will examine in details using antimicrobial NPs and antibiotics delivery systems as new tools to tackle the current challenges in treating infectious diseases.
The efficiency of the Ponseti method in relapsing forms of congenital clubfoot
Authors: Rustamov Khushnud Khusainovich , Ruzibaev Dilmurod Ruzimetovich , Niyozmetov Otaboy Zokirovich , Rakhimov Rasuldzhon Kalandarovich , Minasov Timur Bulatovich , Yakupova Ekaterina Rishatovna
Published: June 2021

In the last decade, the Ponseti method has been recognized by most orthopedists around the world as the gold standard for clubfoot treatment. However, the efficiency of the Ponseti method in relapsing forms of congenital clubfoot in children has been under-examined. We analyzed 103 patients with relapsing clubfoot, aged 1 to 9 years, who were treated at the National Center of Rehabilitation and Prosthetics of the Disabled from 2017 to 2019. These patients had a relapse with typical clubfoot contractures without multiplanar deformity of the feet. The treatment process consisted in the application of the method of I. Ponseti for all patients; if indicated, transplantation of the tendon of the anterior tibial muscle was performed.
Digital environment of a medical institution in the context of transformation
Authors: Lebedev Viktor Arkadyevich , Lebedeva Elena Ivanovna
Published: June 2021

The article considers the provisions formulated by presidential Decrees № 474 of July 21, 2020 “On national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030” and № 204 of May 7, 2018 “On national goals and strategic objectives for the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024”, which are dedicated to achieving digital maturity in the healthcare sector. The analysis of digitalization development in medical institutions is carried out; considers the issues of legal support of safety of high-tech equipment, computer hardware, property owned by medical institution; the mechanism of material responsibility for safety of these objects, examples of complex practical situations related to the dismissal of responsible employees.
New limits for the application of a simplified tax system: innovations of 2021
Authors: Shinkareva Olga Vladimirovna
Published: June 2021

Article is devoted to the analysis of changes of limit limits of revenues of the organization and number of her workers at which excess the organization loses the right for application of a simplified tax system, the brought Federal law of 31.07.2020 No. 266-FZ “About modification of Chapter 26.2 of Part second of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and Article 2 of the Federal law “About Modification of a Part the Second Tax Code of the Russian Federation”. Aspects of determination of these limits and their correction for coefficient-deflator are considered. The peculiarities of calculation of tax paid in case of application of simplified system of taxation at increased rates in case of exceeding limit limits are disclosed. Practical examples of determining the calculation of tax both in the object of taxation income and in the object of taxation income reduced by the amount of expenses are considered.
Study of the influence of the design features of a modular hospital building on the observance of the temperature regime necessary for the comfortable accommodation of patients and the work of medical personnel
Authors: Kirichenko Maxim Olegovich , Komarov Vladislav Alekseevich
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the features of the influence of the design features of the modular hospital building on the observance of the temperature regime necessary for the comfortable work of medical personnel and the placement of patients. The author concludes that Modular Design can provide an energy efficient and convenient solution to the urgent need for additional hospital beds. However, evidence from this study suggests that better ventilation systems are needed if such buildings are to provide a safe and comfortable summer environment for patients and medical staff.
Accounting with a lessor — a manufacturer of expensive medical equipment
Authors: Sotnikova Lyudmila Viktorovna
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the features of reflection in the accounting of organizations that are manufacturers of expensive medical equipment, the transfer of this medical equipment to non-operational (financial) lease to medical organizations. The article reviews the possibilities of proton therapy, manufacturers of equipment for proton therapy, including Russian ones. It is Russian manufacturers who are actively working on the development of compact proton accelerator samples that can be placed in any, not only specialized medical organizations. The article presents an example of accounting for accounting objects (revenue, cost, financial result (profit/loss)) arising on the date of conclusion of the contract of non-operational (financial) lease of equipment for proton radiation therapy.
Temporary remote work is legalized: note to the accountant of the medical institution
Authors: Lebedev V.A. , Lebedeva E.I.
Published: June 2021

The Federal Law “On Amendments to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation regarding the Regulation of Remote (Remote) Work and Temporary Transfer of an Employee to remote (remote) work on the initiative of the employer in Exceptional Cases” of 08.12.2020 № 407-FZ, which entered into force on January 01, 2021, for the first time regulated the conditions under which the employer can use the model of temporary remote work in exceptional cases. The analysis of novels devoted to temporary remote work is carried out, the conditions established by the legislator that allow temporary remote work in exceptional cases are considered; the procedures for ensuring the rights of the parties to the employment contract and guarantees of the labor rights of employees.
Risk-oriented external and domestic public financial controls: general and private in approaches to implementation
Authors: Savina Natalia , Pipia Yuri
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the authors analyze the existing set of guidelines for applying a risk-oriented approach to the planning of control bodies for internal and external public financial control; an important part of the study is the authors’ thesis on the search for ways to unify the experience of risk-oriented planning in the activities of internal and external government financial controls. To find an answer to this question, the authors conduct a comprehensive study of the application of a risk-oriented approach to the planning of internal and external government financial controls in the context of the list of criteria, which include the order and methods of determining risks, their understanding, as well as the very concept of “risk-oriented approach”.
Moving health and finance institutions closer to the pandemic
Authors: Trofimova Liudmila Borisovna , Titova Yulia Mikhailovna
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the interaction of healthcare with financial institutions of the Russian economy in the context of the spread of COVID-19 and identifies the main directions for overcoming the existing financial and social difficulties in the context of combating the pandemic. The key proposals include the following areas of transformation of the Russian economy, this is a rethinking of monetary policy in the social interests of society, as well as the maintenance of an active lifestyle and the development of outdoor sports. One of the main directions of the fight against the pandemic, the authors see in the convergence of the institutions of health and finance.
Avaliação de desempenho térmico de dois cômodos em um laboratório de demonstração e estudo da eficiência e sustentabilidade edificações
Authors: Breviglieri Pereira de Castro Eduardo , Ventura Pereira de Castro Jessica , Ventura Pereira de Castro Yuri
Published: June 2021

Incluído no espaço da reserva natural do Jardim Botânico da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, o Laboratório Casa Sustentável (LCS) tem como objetivo servir como espaço de demonstração e para desenvolvimento de pesquisas acadêmicas de técnicas sustentáveis de construção, além de apoiar o ensino de engenharia e arquitetura nos níveis de graduação e pós-graduação. Neste artigo, é apresentada uma pesquisa inicial realizada para confrontar o desempenho térmico de projeto obtido por simulação computacional com o desempenho real do laboratório após sua construção. Medições foram realizadas com o auxilio de dataloggers. Os dados foram tabelados e comparados, com os resultados demonstrando a concordância entre a os desempenhos projetados e os obtidos pelas medições.
Ferramentas de comunicação na bioética e sua sinergia com a Educação Ambiental
Authors: Lummertz Thierry Betazzi , Fischer Marta Luciane
Published: June 2021

Visando mapear as ferramentas de comunicação empregadas pela bioética foi realizada uma revisão integrativa resultando em 1.767 conteúdos científicos. As pesquisas práticas prevaleceram no Brasil com questionários e entrevistas como ferramentas de prospecção, aplicação e avaliação.  Embora haja confluência de valores e interesses entre a bioética ambiental e a educação ambiental, a disparidade nos processos legitima a sinergia das disciplinas. Uma vez que, permite trabalhar multidisciplinarmente valores de agentes e pacientes morais diante de conflitos complexos, plurais e globais. Bem como, potencializar o impacto positivo na sociedade com mudanças em prol de uma existência factível e justa para pessoas e natureza desta e de futuras gerações.
A emergência do educador ambiental crítico a partir da formação docente: importância do saber socioambiental na construção de projetos de intervenção coletivos
Authors: Nascimento Luanne Michella Bispo , Nepomuceno Aline Lima de Oliveira , Mandlate Celso Daniel , Tavares Denio Alberto Barbosa
Published: June 2021

A formação docente em educação ambiental pode auxiliar no enfrentamento de uma lógica hegemônica que não promove reflexões dos padrões societários almejados. Nesse intento, o presente artigo nos propicia a reflexão sobre a necessidade de repensar e de reconstruir os programas de formação docente em educação ambiental. A partir das interpretações do trabalho de campo realizado no povoado Caueira, Itaporanga-Se, discutimos como a formação do educador ambiental crítico pode contribuir para a elaboração de projetos de intervenção coletivos nas unidades escolares. A metodologia adotada no campo foi a Abordagem Hermenêutica-Fenomenológica Complexa, que subsidiou a propositura de uma formação docente contra hegemônica.
Dinâmicas de Educação Ambiental para valorização dos recursos florestais aplicadas ao ensino fundamental
Authors: Santos Marjana Machado dos , Padilha Damaris Gonçalves
Published: June 2021

O presente estudo buscou aplicar ações de Educação Ambiental para valorização dos recursos florestais no âmbito escolar, sendo que nos últimos anos a Educação Ambiental (EA), tem sido uma ferramenta de suma importância nas discussões e intervenções entre o ser humano e o seu ambiente. Objetivou-se sensibilizar alunos da Escola de Ensino Fundamental Padre Nóbrega, localizada no município de Santa Maria/RS, com relação à importância dos recursos florestais, através de atividades, no modo de informar questões conceituais, valorativas, informativas e críticas sobre a temática. Ainda são discutidos os resultados das atividades, nas quais, destacou-se a importância da aproximação dos educandos com a natureza e seus recursos.