bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detailed Investigation of a Moving Solar Burst Type IV Radio Emission in on Broadband Frequency
Authors: Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M.
Published: December 2022

The moving type IV burst component of the solar radio region from 260-380 MHz observed using the CALLISTO spectrometer is discussed in detail. We used the Compound Astronomical Low Cost Low Frequency Spectrometer Transportable Observatory (CALLISTO) system connected to the Log Periodic Dipole Antenna (LPDA) at the National Space Centre, Selangor located (3.0833333°N 101.5333333°E) on 22nd February 2012. It is found that a strong burst that caused by extraordinary solar flares are due to magnetic reconnection effect potentially induced in the near-Earth magneto tail. From our observation the indication of signal potentially drives Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). We also compare our results with the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) data. From our analysis, one possible reason behind the formation of this very complex long duration of this loop is the magnetic reconnection and disruption of the loops which is observed during flare maximum. The Active Region, AR 1429 active region was a site of several intense in several days. From the results, it showed that the burst is formed from the explosion of M-class solar flare which can be observed at 412UT. As a conclusion, a good agreement was reached and we believe that Sun’s activities are more active to pursuit the solar maximum cycle.
Imparting Protection against UV Radiations Using In Situ Coating of Titanium Dioxide on Textiles
Authors: Mishra Anu , Mohapatra Himansu Shekhar , Butola B.S.
Published: December 2022

Protection against ultraviolet radiation is one of the areas, in which considerable attention is being paid. Application of a wash durable finish on cotton fabric to protect the wearer from these radiations remains a challenge. The harmful effects of UV radiations result in the form of eye disorders, accelerated ageing of skin, DNA damage and cause of cancer. The current study focuses upon the use of TiO2 on cotton fabric to impart UV protection. TiO2 is deposited on cotton fabric using its pre-cursor. Sol-gel method has been used to convert pre-cursor into titanium oxide directly on fabric surface. The deposition was further stabilized on fabric surface by various heat treatments such as curing, hydrothermal and solvothermal treatments. It has been found that the TiO2 remains wash durable with a reasonably high degree of UV protection after hydrothermal and solvothermal treatments. EDX and ICP-MS techniques were used to examine the add-on % of TiO2 on cotton fabrics. The morphology of the TiO2 coated cotton fabric was studied using Field emission scanning electron microscopy. The measurement of UV protection property of the fabric has been carried out using UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-2000F, Labsphere, USA).
Elaboration and Characterization of Thermal Insulating Material Based on the Synergy of Natural Coconut Husk and Disposable Diaper Pads Fibers
Authors: Mascariñas Lenrah Rinna A. , Ureta Romnick M. , Mejico Siegfred M. , Servando Czarina D.
Published: December 2022

Materials based on highly porous fibers are now becoming increasingly popular as thermal insulators to fight severely increasing temperatures due to climate change (Khedari, et al., 2004). In this study, fibers from solid waste materials like coconut husk and absorbent pads of used disposable diapers were evaluated for their synergistic effect as thermal insulating material. Dried coconut husk fibers and cleaned used disposable diapers were heated at 1500C-3000C for 2 hours and then molded to make pads. Scanning Electron Microscopy and HD digital microscope were used in the analytical imaging of the fibers. Fiber pads from coconut husk fibers, used disposable diapers and their combination, and polyethylene foam (+control) were evaluated for their burning rate based on ASTM D 1992 while thermal conductivity, and thermal resistance were obtained using the testing hot box (Frawley & Kennedy, 2007). The morphology of the coconut husk fibers with used disposable diapers showed thicker and rougher surface with foamy coatings which confirmed porous fiber structure. One-Factor ANOVA showed significant difference among the different set-ups for burning rate (F=926.506; p=0.000), thermal conductivity (F=203.993; p=0.000), and thermal resistance (F=197.820; p=0.000) wherein the set-up for the combination of the coconut husk fibers and used disposable diapers exhibits satisfactory burning rate (M=3.268), lowest thermal conductivity (M=0.037) and highest thermal resistance (M=0.273).The results affirm that the natural coconut husk fibers and used disposable diapers have synergistic effect for better thermal properties, thus, producing a more effective and safer thermal insulating material.
Investigation of the Chemical Composition, Characterization and Determination of Energy Content for Renewable Energy Source (Biodiesel) Produced from Non-Edible Ethiopian Seeds’ Particularly Castor Seed (Ricinus communis) Using Homogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Hiwot Tsegay
Published: December 2022

Biodiesel is a clean, renewable, biodegradable, environmentally benign, energy efficient and diesel substituent fuel used in diesel engine. It provides a feasible solution to the twin crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution. It is produced from renewable sources such as vegetable oils or animal fats by trans-esterification. Although this fuel has gained worldwide recognition for many years, it is not being widely commercialized like petroleum diesel in the world, not widely produced and used especially in our country Ethiopia. Analysis of fatty acid methyl ester composition of the biodiesel produced from castor oil was done with the help of GC-MS and 8 fatty acid methyl esters were identified. Acid and base catalyzed methods were used in the synthesis of biodiesel from castor seed oil. In addition to this the variables that affect the amount of methyl ester yield were determined and an optimum of 96.7 % fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion was obtained at a methanol to oil molar ratio of 6:1, 1.0 % mass NaOH, 65 °C reaction temperature and 3 hour reaction time. The energy content of the oil and biodiesel were 39 MJ/Kg and 40.7 MJ/ Kg respectively which is determined by bomb calorimeter. Other physicochemical properties of the biodiesel were determined and all these lie within the ASTM and EN biodiesel standards except kinematic viscosity. Therefore, castor seed oil methyl ester could be used as an alternative energy resource in diesel engine by blending with petroleum diesel.
The Peculiarities of Structure and Diffraction by Misfit Mixed-Layer Nanotubes
Authors: Figovsky Oleg , Pashin Dmitry , Khalitov Zufar , Valeeva Diana , Chkanov Andrey
Published: December 2022

The analysis of diffraction by separate mixed-layer goffered nanotube’s lattice is offered. Two extreme cases of the large and small size of coherent scattering regions (CSR) in a radial direction are considered. The qualitative explanation of observed diffraction effects is given.
Magnetic Fields for Electropolishing Improvement: Materials and Systems
Authors: Hryniewicz Tadeusz , Rokosz Krzysztof , Rokicki Ryszard
Published: December 2022

The paper aims to present the main objectives for using magnetic fields to improve process of electropolishing (EP), firstly by focusing on materials and electrochemical systems. The general introduction has been concerned on the sample surface treated under pseudopassivity conditions, in the process generally known as magnetoelectropolishing (MEP). Long-term up-to-date experiments have shown profound changes observed on metals and alloys. The advantageous effects gained by applying MEP to metals and alloys cover: improvement of corrosion resistance, bio- and haemocompatibility, roughness by modification of their surfaces. The improvements are also referred to the mechanical properties of metals and alloys treated by MEP namely: removal of hydrogen, fatigue resistance enhancement, etc. Further developments and the effects of magnetic fields on electropolishing of metals and alloys are to be presented in the next publications.
Inhibition of Acid Corrosion of Mild Steel Using Delonix regia Leaves Extract
Authors: Chidiebere Maduabuchi Arinzechukwu , Nnanna Lebe , Adindu Chinonso Blessing , Oguzie Kanayo , Beluonwu Okolue , Benedict Onyeachu , Oguzie Emeka E.
Published: December 2022

The inhibition efficacy of aqueous extracts of the leaves of Delonixregia (DR) in 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4 have been investigated using weight loss, electrochemical and surface probe techniques. DR extract inhibited mild steel corrosion in both acidic environments via adsorption of the extract organic matter on the metal/solution interface. Potentiodynamic polarization results indicate that DR is a mixed type inhibitor in both acidic environments, whereas the impedance results revealed adsorption of the DR species on a corroding steel surface. Increase in inhibition efficiency was concentration dependent. The adsorption followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results revealed the formation of a protective layer adsorbed on a mild steel surface in the acid solutions.
New Exact Solution of the Bound States for the Potential Family V(r)=A/r2-B/r+Crk (k=0,-1,-2) in both Noncommutative Three Dimensional Spaces and Phases: Non Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Maireche Abdelmadjid
Published: December 2022

In present work we obtain the modified bound-states solutions for central family V(r)=A/r2-B/r+Crk (k=0,-1,-2) in both noncommutative three dimensional spaces and phases. It has been observed that the energy spectra in ordinary quantum mechanics was changed, and replaced degenerate new states, depending on two infinitesimals parameters Θ and θ corresponding the noncommutativity of space and phase, in addition to the discrete atomic quantum numbers: j, l, sz=+-1/2 and corresponding to the two spins states of electron by (up and down) and non polarized electron. The deformed anisotropic Hamiltonian formed by three operators: the first describes usual the usual family potential, the second describe spin-orbit interaction while the last one describes the modified Zeeman effect (containing ordinary Zeeman effect).
Effect of Substrate Temperature on Structural and Optical Properties of CdO Thin Films
Authors: Ali Hanan R.A.
Published: December 2022

Thin films of CdO have been prepared by spray pyrolysis technique. XRD analysis reveals that all the prepared samples were polycrystalline and have preferred orientation along [111] orientation. The surface topography was determined by AFM which indicate that surface roughness and rms roughness were increased by the increasing of substrate temperature. The optical energy gap were determined and its value lies between (2.4-2.5) eV.
Spectral Correlations and Antimicrobial Activities of Some (E)-N-Benzylidenepyridin-2-Amines
Authors: Sakthinathan S.P. , Suresh R. , Mala V. , Sathiyamoorthi K. , Kamalakkannan D. , Ranganathan K. , Arulkumaran R. , Vijayakumar S. , Sundararajan R. , Vanangamudi Ganesan , Thirunarayanan Ganesamoorthy
Published: December 2022

A series of aryl imines have been synthesized by Fly-ash: PTS catalyzed microwave assisted oxidative coupling of amines and aldehydes under solvent-free conditions. The yield of the imines has been found to be more than 90%. The purity of all imines has been checked using their physical constants and spectral data as published earlier in literature. The UV λmaxC=N(nm), infrared νC=N(cm-1), NMR δ(ppm) of CH=N and C=N spectral data have been correlated with Hammett substituent constants and F and R parameters using single and multi-linear regression analysis. From the results of statistical analysis, the effect of substituents on the above spectral data has been studied. The antimicrobial activities of all imines have been studied using Bauer-Kirby method.
On a Technique to Relate EMF & Rate of Change of Magnetic Flux
Authors: Doddamani Vijaykumar H. , Raveesha K.H. , Prasad B.K. , Kumari Ruchita
Published: December 2022

Faradays law of Induction is the principle of generating electricity in Hydro, Thermal, Wind and Nuclear power stations. In this paper we present a method to study the relationship between induced electromagnetic force (EMF) and the rate of change of Magnetic field and hence to verify this principle. This method involves the rotation of a magnet fixed to a rotor at different angular speeds and to find the EMF induced in the copper coil kept close to the rotor. The data collected is plotted in MATLAB. The results show that Induced EMF is directly proportional to the rate change of Magnetic flux with a correlation coefficient of 0.98.
Electron Density and Drift Rate of Solar Burst Type II during 1st June 2015
Authors: Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Ali M.O. , Shariff N.N.M. , Monstein C.
Published: December 2022

This event allows us to investigate the electron density and drift rate of solar burst type II During 1st June 2015. It is believed that the plasma–magnetic field interactions in the solar corona can produce suprathermal electron populations over periods from tens of minutes to several hours, and the interactions of wave-particle and wave-wave lead to characteristic fine structures of the emission. An intense and broad solar radio burst type II was recorded by CALLISTO spectrometer from 25-80 MHz. Using data from a the Blein observatory, the complex structure of solar burst type III can also be found in the early stage of the formation of type II solar burst type event due to active region AR2358. The drift rate of solar burst type II exceeds 0.03 MHz/s with a density of electron in the solar corona. There are 18 CMEs occurring that day and the distributions of CME speed are between 200 ms-1 to 1100 ms-1 so that the average velocity of the CMEs that occur that day is 1025 m/s. This is one of the largest number of sunspots that have recorded in this year. However, all of these sunspots are quiet and stable and the solar activity remains low. Therefore, it can be observed that only B class of flare from the X-Ray Flux Data.
Validated Spectrophotometric Method to Assay of B6 and B3 Vitamins in Pharmaceutical Forms Using Potassium Iodide and Potassium Iodate
Authors: Khateeb Mouhammed , Elias Basheer , Rahal Fatema Al
Published: December 2022

A simple, precise and reliable spectrophotometric method for the determination of pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitB6) and nicotinamide (vitB3) in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations has been described. The method is based on the reaction of studied vitamin with a mixture of potassium iodide and potassium iodate in aqueous medium at (250.5oC) to form yellow colored tri iodide ions (I3-). The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance at 290, 335 and 288, 350 nm for vitB6 and vitB3 respectively. Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 0.5-20.0 μg mL-1 for all procedures. Molar absorptivities were found to be 1.49×104, 1.93×104 and 0.89×104, 1.25×104 L mol-1 cm-1, for determination of vitB6 and vitB3 at 290, 335 and 288, 350 nm respectively. The proposed method has been applied to determine the components in commercial forms with no interference from the excipients. A comparative study between the suggested procedures and the official methods showed no significant difference between the two methods.
An Efficient Solid Phase One Port Synthesis of Novel Triazolo[1,5-a]Pyrimidine Derivatives from 4-(4-Aminophenyl)Morpholin-3-One and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Prajapati Devang R. , Vilapara Kalpesh V. , Naliapara Yogesh T.
Published: December 2022

A series of novel triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives was synthesized from 5-amino-1,2,4-triazole and biologically active morpholinone amine in excellent yield as promising class of antimicrobial agents. The antimicrobial activities were investigated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus pyogen, Candida albicans, Aspergillusniger, Aspergillusclavatus and compared with standard drugs Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Norfloxacin and Griseofulvin. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C and mass spectroscopy. The result of antimicrobial activity data revealed that compound 4f,4g and 4i were found more active against bacterial species and compound 4c, 4d, 4g, 4i and 4jwere found more active against fungal strain, while other compounds shows moderate to law activity against microbes.
Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Diabetic Activity of 1,3,5-Triaryl-2-Pyrazolines in Acetic Acid Solution under Ultrasound Irradiation
Authors: Emayavaramban M. , Santhi N. , Gopi C. , Manivannan C. , Raguraman A.
Published: December 2022

A chalcone was prepared by the reaction of 4-methylbenzaldehyde with 4-methylacetophenone in dilute methanolic sodium hydroxide solution under ultrasonic irradiationin the water bath of an ultrasonic cleaner at room temperature. Treatment of this chalcone with thiosemicarbazide/semicarbazide hydrochloride/benzhydrazide/benzenesulphonyl hydrazide/phenylhydrazine hydrochloride afforded the corresponding 2-pyrazoline in good yields. All the new compounds have been characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, 13CNMR spectral data. All the target compounds were evaluated for their In Vivo anti-diabetic activity in rates in comparison with as reference drug.
Comparative Study of the Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Composition of Leaves Extract between Three Varieties of Date Palm Tree
Authors: Eddine Laouini Salah , Segni Ladjel , Ridha Ouahrani Mohamed
Published: December 2022

The date palm (Phoenyx dactylifera) consisted, for the people of southern Algeria, as tree of providence. Dates and their extracts are also used for many centuries as a medicine against allergy, inflammation, constipation and gastro-protective; they also have a high antibacterial and antioxidant activity. However, no studies are conducted to evaluate the extract from the leaves of date palm (Phoenyx dactylifera) in point of view of phytochemical composition, antimicrobial and the antioxidant activity. In this study, we have determined the phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts from three varieties of leaves tree. According to the results the leaves extracts have very important values for polyphenols (215.24 to 156.46 mg GAE/gDW) and high antioxidant activity (324. 45 to 206.21 mg GAE/gDW), Diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity (IC50 = 2.98 to 4.83 μg/ml); also the three extracts reveal a considerable antimicrobial potency and antifungal considerable activity, the diameter of inhibition is 35.2 to 39.5 mm (concentration 50 mg/ml) for Candida albicans ATCC 90026.
Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Hypertensive Activities of N-Chloropyrazinamide
Authors: Vaijayanthi S. Parimala , Mathiyalagan N.
Published: December 2022

N-chloropyrazinamide was prepared by the chlorination of pyrazinamide using trichloroisocyanuric acid. The experimental results ascertained that the tested N-chloropyrazinamide showed good antimicrobial activities when compared to standard drug. It was found that N-chloropyrazinamide at different concentrations exhibited significant dose dependent anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive activity.
Heavy Metal Content in Water of Resko Lake (North-West Poland)
Authors: Daniszewski Piotr , Konieczny Ryszard
Published: December 2022

The present research work deals with the quantification of toxic heavy metals in the water samples collected from Lake of Resko (North-West Poland). While the annual average concentration of Cadmium was calculated as 0.34 ppm in 2008 of the year and 0.28 ppm in 2009 of the year. The values obtained were found to be below the permissible limit of 2.0 ppm set for inland surface water. While the annual average concentration of Chromium was calculated as 1,75 ppm in 2008 of the year and 1.97 ppm in 2009 of the year. Which was very much above the permissible limit of 0.1 ppm set for inland surface water. The observed annual average concentration of Copper in the water was 0.05 ppm in 2008 of the year and 0.06 ppm in 2009 of the year, which was below the permissible limit of 3.0 ppm set for inland surface water. While the annual average concentration of Mercury was calculated as 0.03 ppm in 2008 of the year and 0.04 ppm in 2009 of the year, which was very much above the maximum limit of 0.01 ppm set for inland surface water. The annual average concentration of Nickel in the water samples was observed to be 2.07 ppm in 2008 of the year and 2.09 ppm in 2009 of the year, which is close to the limit of 3.0 ppm set for inland surface water. The annual average concentration of Pb in the water samples was observed to be 0.07 ppm in 2008 of the year and 0.05 ppm in 2009 of the year, which is above the permissible limit of 0.1 ppm set for inland surface water. The results of the present investigation indicate that the annual average concentration of Zn in water samples was 3.02 ppm in 2008 of the year and 2.74 ppm in 2009 of the year, which is above the permissible limit of 5.0 ppm set for inland surface water.
Effect of Poly Ethylene Glycol on CuO Nanoparticles and its Antibacterial Application
Authors: Hemalatha T. , Akilandeswari S.
Published: December 2022

Pure CuO nanoparticles and chemically-precipitated Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) used as a capping agent CuO nanocrystal continuum (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 gm) was anatomized for structural and morphological research using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Field - Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). Their X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis manifested monoclinic crystallinity in pure and PEG-capped CuO nanorods, with an average crystallite size of 21.63nm and 13-16nm respectively. The morphological analysis revealed their structural conformation. The FT-IR spectrum affirmed the presence of Cu-O bonds. The optical property of the aforesaid nanorods was studied by UV-Visible reflectance (UV-Vis DRS). The UV analysis showed that all the capped products show signs of good optical quality in the UV region and also the absorption edge was blue shifted with a band gap of 1.85 eV for 0.4gm PEG capped as results of quantum confinement effect. The antibacterial properties of the as-prepared nanostructures investigated for various human pathogens using disc diffusion method. The result showed the significant antibacterial activity both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
Solubility of Ilaprazole in Various Alcohols in Temperature Range between (298.15 to 322.15) K
Authors: Baluja Shipra , Bhesaniya Kapil
Published: December 2022

The solubility of Ilaprazole in methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol and n-butanol was measured using a gravimetrical method at temperature ranging from 298.15 K to 322.15 K. The results of these measurements were correlated with a semi empirical equation. Some thermodynamic parameters such as dissolution enthalpy, Gibb’s free energy, and entropy of mixing have also been calculated.
Synthesis and Bio-Evaluation of Novel N-(4-(8-Methoxy-2-Oxo-2H-Chromen-3-Yl) Thiazol-2-Yl) Amide Derivatives
Authors: Shah Nilay , Patel Pineshkumar N. , Rajani Dhanji , Karia Denish C.
Published: December 2022

In present work, novel derivatives of substituted N-(4-(8-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) thiazol-2-yl) amide have been synthesized. The solvent free reaction of 2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde with Ethyl acetoacetate in presence of Piperidine catalyst produces 3-acetyl-8-methoxy-2H-chromen-2-one (C). Compound C was α- brominated using CuBr2 and subsequently cyclized using Thiourea to produce 3-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-8-methoxy-2H-chromen-2-one as main scaffold (E). This scaffold E was finally reacted with different Acid chloride to isolate title compound derivatives. The chemical structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H-NMR, FT-IR and Mass spectral/LCMS analysis. The synthesized compounds were screened for potential Antimicrobial, Antifungal and Antimalarial activity.
Franck-Condon Factors and r-Centroids for Several Systems of CoF Molecule
Authors: Nadhem Q.M. , Supriya Behere , Behere S.H.
Published: December 2022

Franck–Condon factors factors and r-centroids have been calculated for the G3Φ4-X3Φ4 , K3Φ4-X3Φ4, L3Φ4-X3Φ4, [20.6]3Γ5-X3Φ4 and [34.7]3Γ5-X3Φ4 bands of Cobalt monofluoride 59Co19F from the best available molecular constants using Morse and Rydberg–Klein–Rees (RKR) methods. The reliability of the obtained values was verified by comparing the results of five different programs. Based on the calculated Franck–Condon factors values, the appearance of the bands in these systems are discussed and the relationship between the r-centroids and the band-origin wavenumbers and wavelengths are also determined along with accuracy factors.
Design and Control of MIRA: A Lightweight Climbing Robot for Ship Inspection
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed , Eich Markus , Bernhard Felix
Published: December 2022

The inspection of marine vessels is currently per-formed manually. Inspectors use tools (e.g. cameras and devices for non-destructive testing) to detect damaged areas, cracks, and corrosion in large cargo holds, tanks, and other parts of a ship. Due to the size and complex geometry of most ships, ship inspection is time-consuming and expensive. The EU-funded project INCASS develops concepts for a marine inspection robotic assistant system to improve and automate ship inspections. In this paper, we introduce our magnetic wall–climbing robot: Marine Inspection Robotic Assistant (MIRA). This semi-autonomous lightweight system is able to climb a vessels steel frame to deliver on-line visual inspection data. In addition, we describe the design of the robot and its building subsystems as well as its hardware and software components.
Utilization of Agro-Waste in the Elimination of Dyes from Aqueous Solution: Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies
Authors: Okorocha Nnaemeka John , Omaliko Chijioke E. , Osuagwu Collins C. , Chijioke-Okere Maureen O. , Enenebeaku Conrad K.
Published: December 2022

The prospective of maize cob powder (MCP) as an effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green (MG) and congo red (CR) dyes from aqueous solution was investigated. The presence of functional groups and pores on maize cob powder were confirmed by FTIR and SEM analysis. Batch adsorption studies were conducted and various parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH and temperature were examined to observe their effects in the dyes adsorption process. The optimum conditions for the adsorption of MG and CR onto the adsorbent (MCP) was found to be: contact time (60mins), pH (10.0) and temperature (303 K), adsorbent dose (1 g) for an initial MG dye concentration of 50 mg/L and contact time (80mins), pH (2.0) and temperature (343 K) for an initial CR dye concentration of 50 mg/L and adsorbent dose 1.0 g respectively. The experimental equilibrium adsorption data fitted best and well to the Freundlich isotherm model for CR dye adsorption and Langmuir Isotherm for MG adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 13.02 mg/g and 9.41 mg/g for the adsorption of MG and CR dyes respectively. The kinetic data conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic quantities such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG0), enthalpy (ΔH0) and entropy (ΔS0) were evaluated and the negative values of ΔG0, ΔH0 and ΔS0 obtained indicated the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the MG adsorption process while positive enthalpy (ΔH0) indicated an endothermic nature of CR adsorption process.
The Influence of Multicomponent Fertilizers on the Concentration of Phosphorous in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)
Authors: Draszawka-Bołzan Beata
Published: December 2022

A pot experiment on an acid brown soil was conducted in 1998-2001. Three multicomponent fertilizers were applied: Polifoska 8, Polifoska 15 and Polimag 306, Travit at the rates of 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 gN per pot. The total forms of phosphorous were determined in dry matter of perennial ryegrass with the use of ASA method. The contents of these elements were higher in the fertilized variants as compared to the control. No significant differences were found among the contents of investigated elements compared in plants treated with different multicomponent fertilizers. The chemical analyses indicated that increasing rates of the fertilizers applied enhanced the contents of phosphorous. In the content of phosphorous in dry matter of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) the Polifoska 8 it ranged from 0,49-0,65 %. In the content of phosphorous in dry matter of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) the Polifoska 15 it ranged from 0,49-0,63 %. In the content of phosphorous in dry matter of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) the Polimag 306 it ranged from 0,51-0,72 %. In the content of phosphorous in dry matter of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) the Travit it ranged from 0,46-0,53%.
The New Theory of Gravitation Representing the Movement of Planets
Authors: Borowski Tomasz
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a theory of the phenomenon of planetary circulation around the Sun is presented, as well as the stability of solar systems is explained. This theory describes the circulation of planets and other mass-holding bodies around the Sun as a phenomenon consisting in the principle of differential pressure in solar systems and thus excludes gravitation phenomenon as the phenomenon of attraction.
On the Fictional and Real Lost Gravitation Force
Authors: Pluta Zdzisław , Hryniewicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

The paper covers a critical approach to the natural reality study which is the method of scientific cognition. The existent so called d`Alembert’s rule is the link of reality on which the specific attention is focused. The critics is directed to the fictional inertia force covered in the mentioned rule. The necessity for its elimination from the reality description has been presented. Instead, it is proved that a real inertia force occurs. A proper exemplification material has been delivered with two examples of force equilibrium of the system. One of them refers to a rigid system being both under stable and unstable states. The second one covers also these two states but it is referred to a mass-flexible system. Finally, the discussed solution of the problem has been explained on the example of mathematic pendulum and a mass-string system.
Pharmacological and Insect Antifeedant Activities of some 3-(2,4-Dichloro-5-Fluorophenyl)-5-(Substituted Phenyl)-4,5-Dihydro-1H-Pyrazole-1-Carbothioamides
Authors: Thirunarayanan Ganesamoorthy
Published: December 2022

A series containing twelve titled compounds were synthesized by solvent-free method and their purities were examined by literature procedure. These compounds were subjected to study the pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities and the insect antifeedant activities using Bauer-Kirby disc diffusion method with their bacterial and fungal strains, DPPH radical scavenging and leaf disc bio-assay method with 4th instar larvae Achoea janata L.
Implementation of a Quantized Line Element in Klein-Gordon and Dirac Fields
Authors: Bulathsinghala D.L. , Wijewardena Gamalath K A I L
Published: December 2022

In this paper an ansatz that the anti-commutation rules hold only as integrated average over time intervals and not at every instant giving rise to a time-discrete form of Klein-Gordon equation is examined. This coarse-grained validation of the anti-commutation rules enables us to show that the relativistic energy-momentum relation holds only over discrete time intervals, fitting well with the time-energy uncertainty relation. When this time-discrete scheme is applied to four vector notations in relativity, the line-element can be quantized and thereby how the physical attributes associated with time, space and matter can be quantized is sketched. This potentially enables us to discuss the Zeno’s arrow paradox within the classical limit. As the solutions of the Dirac equation can be used to construct solutions to the Klein-Gordon equation, this temporal quantization rule is applied to the Dirac equation and the solutions associated with the Dirac equation under such conditions are interpreted. Finally, the general relativistic effects are introduced to a line-element associated with a particle in relativistic motion and a time quantized line-element associated with gravity is obtained.
Liquid Phase Production Technologies of Metal Matrix Composites (Review)
Authors: Kosnikov G.A. , Figovsky O.L. , Eldarkhanov A.S.
Published: December 2022

Liquid phase production technologies of metal matrix micro- and nanostructural composites are considered. Complex using magnetohydrodynamic stirring, ultrasonic treatment of melt during liquid and liquid-solid states and thixocasting advantages are proposed.
Molecular Clustering of Phenylurea Herbicides: Comparison with Sulphonylureas, Pesticides and Persistent Organic Pollutants
Authors: Torrens Francisco , Castellano Gloria
Published: December 2022

Chromatographic retention times of phenylurea herbicides are modelled by structure–property relationships. Properties are hydration free energy and dipole. Bioplastic evolution is an evolutionary perspective conjugating the effect of acquired characters and relations that emerge among evolutionary indeterminacy, morphological determination and natural selection principles. Classification algorithms are proposed based on information entropy and production. Phenylureas are classified by Cl2, O2 and N2 presence; their different behaviour depends on the number of Cl atoms. When applying procedures to moderate-sized sets, excessive results appear compatible with data and suffer a combinatorial explosion; however, the equipartition conjecture allows a selection criterion resulting from classification between hierarchical trees. Information entropy permits classifying compounds and agrees with principal component analyses. Phenylureas periodic table shows that those in the same group present similar properties; phenylureas also in the same period, maximum resemblance. Classification extends to phenylureas, sulphonylureas, pesticides and persistent organic pollutants.
Factor Affecting Microwave Assisted Preparation of Activated Carbon from Local Raw Materials
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed A. , Zalat O.A.
Published: December 2022

This study illustrates the preparation of activated carbon (AC) from Corn Cob (CC) via microwave assisted K2CO3 activation. The effect of operational parameters including chemical impregnation ratio (0.25-1.25), microwave power (90 – 800 W) and irradiation time (1 – 9 min) on the carbon yield and adsorption capability of derived Corn Cob Activated Carbon (CCAC) were investigated. The results indicated that the optimum conditions were as follows: microwave power of 600W, microwave radiation time of 5 min and the impregnation ratio of K2CO3 was 0.75 g/g. The optimum conditions resulted in CCAC with a maximum adsorption capacity of 275.32 mg/g for MB and carbon yield of 27.09%. The BET surface area, Langmuir surface area and total pore volume were determined to be 765 m2/g, 834 m2/g and 0.43 cm3/g, respectively.
Interaction of Dyes with Cationic Surfactants in Solutions: Determination of Critical Micelle Concentration
Authors: Shapovalov Serghey , Ponomariov V.
Published: December 2022

Interactions of sulforhodamine B or ethyl eosin (as the anionic dye) with cetylpyridinium bromide (as a cationic surfactant) have been investigated by visible spectroscopy in aqueous solution. The object of research is the association between an anion of dye and of cationic surfactant in aqueous solutions and its features. Computer simulation of these interactions was carried out with the use of AM1 and PM3 semi-empirical methods. A new spectrophotometric method was developed for determination of critical micelle concentration of cationic surfactants.
Investigation of Coronal Mass Ejections Related to Solar Flare Event and the Formation of the Small Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Ali M. Omar , Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M. , Monstein C.
Published: December 2022

This paper is highlighted on the duration of time for the Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) to occur related to solar flare event and the class of solar burst type III that present within the two phenomenon. It is important to understand the evaluations of solar flare until CMEs mean to be appearing and know the basic characterization of solar radio burst type III. It can be observed that CME is even larger than the sun itself. At certain period of time, when the Sun launches billons tones of electrically conducting gas plasma into the space at millions of miles per hours it is assigned that CMEs begin to launch. The data on 23rd of April was selected whereby; solar radio burst type 3 was detected (about 17:36 UT – 17:44 UT). At 17:40 solar flare with a radio burst and CMEs were produced by the sun. Associated with this event, current condition of solar wind speed is 359.5 km/sec with density of 6.0 protons/ and sunspot number are 118. Those at the high latitude have a chance of aurora due to the small geomagnetic storm.
Novel Modeling of the Work-Hardening Curve
Authors: Pluta Zdzisław , Hryniewicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

The paper aims at a critical analysis of the existent description of plastic strengthening/work-hardening curve. The adequate description of the curve, having a physical sense, has been proposed. The description begins from the very source which is the primary, general differential equation. That source was used to formulate the characteristics of the studied system. Then the analytical solution of the dependence between the yield stress and the relative deformation is provided. The description of the work-hardening curve has been developed to further form a proper dependence of the yield force on the absolute yield strain. Other functional characteristics, namely the coefficient of the plastic rigidity, yield work, and the plastic potentials, have also been formed.
Study of Coordination Characteristics of some Metal Complexes of 2-Thiouracil by Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Rosy P. Jacquline , Kalyanasundharam S. , Santhanalakshmi K. , Muthukumar S. , Manivannan P.
Published: December 2022

The infrared spectra of 2-Thiouracil (Thu) have been recorded in the region 4000-400 cm-1. The assignments of fundamental frequencies have been proposed on the basis of assignments in related molecules. Correlation of vibrational assignments with those of related molecules have been pointed out.
The metal ion interactions of Thu with Cd (II), Hg (II), Cu (II), and Zn (II) bromides have been investigated by infrared spectroscopy. The results are consistent with the bonding of ligands through sulphur in all the complexes. The vibrational frequencies of metal complexes of 2-Thiouracil are correlated with the spectral data of other structurally related pyrimidine thione complexes.
Composition and Optical Dispersion Characterization of Nanoparticles ZnO-NiO Thin Films: Effect of Annealing Temperature
Authors: Oboudi Saad F. , Habubi Nadir F. , Mohamed Ghuson H. , Chiad Sami S.
Published: December 2022

Thin films of ZnO0.7NiO0.3 have deposited on glass substrates at room temperature by using thermal evaporation technique under vacuum 10-5 mbar. The optical properties and dispersion parameters of the films have been studied. Changes in direct optical energy band gap of films were confirmed before and after annealing. The optical energy gap Eg decreased from 3.11 to 2.86 eV with increasing of annealing temperature to 200 °C. Some of the optical absorption parameters, such as optical dispersion energies Eo and Ed, Urbach tails EU , dielectric constant ε, the average values of oscillator strength So, and wavelength of single oscillator λo have been reported. An increase in the annealing temperature causes an increase in the average oscillator strength from 62.02 to 87.71 eV.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 2-{4'-[(4"-Aryl)-3"-Cyano-2"-Methoxy-Pyridine-6"-yl]-Phenyl Amino}-6-[Bis(2"'-Chloroethyl) Amino]-4-Methoxy-1,3,5-Triazine
Authors: Kathiriya P.J. , Purohit H.D. , Purohit Dipak M.
Published: December 2022

The titled compounds (5a-5k) have been synthesized by the condensation of 2-{4'-[(3"-aryl)-2"-Propene-1"-one]-Phenyl amino}-6-[Bis-2""-chloroethyl) amino]-4-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine with malono nitrile in the presence of sodium methoxide. The biological activities of these compounds have been determined against various Gram +ve, Gram –ve bacteria and fungi. The constitutions of the products are supported by IR, 1 H NMR, Mass spectra and elemental analysis.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Thermodynamic Solubility of Triazolo Quinolone Class Derivatives in Various Solvents at 298.15-328.15 K
Authors: Baluja Shipra , Pithiya Mona , Hirapara Asmita , Lava Divyata
Published: December 2022

The solubility of triazolo quinolone class derivatives in methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol and ethyl acetate was measured using a gravimetrical method at temperature ranging from 298.15 K to 328.15 K. The results of these measurements were correlated with semi empirical equations. Some thermodynamic parameters such as dissolution enthalpy, Gibb’s free energy and entropy of mixing have also been calculated.
A Study on Mechanical Behaviour of Surface Modified Rice Husk/Polypropylene Composite Using Sodium Hydroxide
Authors: Rassiah Kannan , Ali Aidy
Published: December 2022

There are many studies has been done on the natural fibers of cellulose contents as a reinforcing material. Yet, the main challenge in the research of natural fiber is the poor compatibility. In this study, the surface modification techniques were performed on granular size rice husk (RH) such as untreated, boiled and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treated reinforced polypropylene (PP) was consolidated to improve the mechanical properties. An internal mixer machine is set for four different composites compositions and the samples produced by hot press machine. The specimens were analyzed by different techniques such as hardness test, impact test, tensile test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study shown that, the presence of NaOH indicates higher young modulus and hardness test value compared to boiled treated and untreated RH. While for the impact strength and tensile strength value shows untreated, boiled treated and NaOH treated PP/RH composite decreased when fiber loading increased. The morphological analysis was conducted to determine the effects of natural fiber bonding between the matrix materials after boiling and NaOH treatments for mechanical testing broken specimens.
Antibacterial Activities of Some Schiff Bases Involving Thiosemicarbazide and Ketones
Authors: Shariar S.M.S. , Jesmin M. , Ali M.M.
Published: December 2022

Three Schiff bases derived from thiosemicarbazide and ketones (Vanillin, Benzophenone and Acetophenone) were used to study their antibacterial activities against some pathogenic bacteria by disc diffusion method. Of these, benzophenone thiosemicarbazone showed significant antibacterial activity as compared with that of Kanamycin. All these three compounds were found to possess cytotoxic effect. Minimum inhibitory concentration of these compounds was also determined.
Simulation of Two Dimensional Photonic Band Gaps
Authors: Dissanayake S.E. , Wijewardena Gamalath K A I L
Published: December 2022

The plane wave expansion method was implemented in modelling and simulating the band structures of two dimensional photonic crystals with square, triangular and honeycomb lattices with circular, square and hexagonal dielectric rods and air holes. Complete band gaps were obtained for square lattice of square GaAs rods and honeycomb lattice of circular and hexagonal GaAs rods as well as triangular lattice of circular and hexagonal air holes in GaAs whereas square lattice of square or circular air holes in a dielectric medium ε = 18 gave complete band gaps. The variation of these band gaps with dielectric contrast and filling factor gave the largest gaps for all configurations for a filling fraction around 0.1.The gap maps presented indicated that TM gaps are more favoured by dielectric rods while TE gaps are favoured by air holes. The geometrical gap maps operating at telecommunication wavelength λ = 1.55 μm showed that a complete band gap can be achieved for triangular lattice with circular and hexagonal air holes in GaAs and for honeycomb lattice of circular GaAs rods.
Assessment of Degradation Status of Soils in Selected Areas of Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ewetola Esther Abosede , Owoade Folasade Mary , Olatunji Olayinka Olakunle
Published: December 2022

The assessment of degradation status of soils in selected areas of Ogbomoso, Oyo state wascarried out. The soil physical and chemical properties were evaluated using mini pits and surface sampling. The laboratory results obtained were compared with the standard indicators and criteria for land degradation assessment according to FAO, 1979. The results revealed that most of the cultivated parts of the study sites were very highly degraded compared to the soil under vegetative fallow which were moderately degraded. The textural class of the soil ranged from loamy sand to sandy loam. Saturated hydraulic conductivity ranged from 1.54 to 3.4 cm hr-1 corresponding low to moderate permeability. Bulk density ranged from 1.53 to 1.60 g cm-3. Organic matter was very low in all the study sites. Available phosphorus was low in all the locations. Total nitrogen was predominantly low in most of the cultivated and fallow soils. Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP) of the sites depicted that most of the soils were slightly sodic. Summarily, the soil physical and chemical properties status when compared with the FAO standard show that the area either cultivated or fallow is under degradation. In order to optimize crop production in these areas, there may be need to introduce soil conservation strategies. The practice may include use of crop residues, green manure or poultry manure to boost soil fertility. Also regular monitoring of the fertility status of the soils is required.
Orderly Disorder in Modern Physics
Authors: Sadatian Seyed Davood
Published: December 2022

Fractal structures in various subjects are taken into consideration. In this article, we study fractal structures in physics which could be found or might be existent. Basically, fractals are important because they CHANGE the most basic ways we analyze and understand physics and experimental data.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Optical Properties of Cobalt Doped Stannic Oxide
Authors: Hasan Saba Jameel
Published: December 2022

This study investigates the effect of annealing on The optical properties of (SnO2:Co) films prepared by spray pyrolysis (SP) technique at a glass substrate temperature (Ts = 773 K). The absorbance and transmittance spectra have been recorded in order to calculate the optical constant and the optical band gap energy of the films. It was found that the annealing affects all the parameters under investigations
Photocatalytic Degradation of a Basic Dye Using Zinc Oxide Nanocatalyst
Authors: Chijioke-Okere Maureen O. , Okorocha Nnaemeka John , Anukam Basil N. , Oguzie Emeka E.
Published: December 2022

The potential of Calcinated and uncalcinated zinc oxide as effective Photocatatlyst for the degradation of malachite green dye, MG from aqueous medium using UV light has been identified. The photocatalysts were characterized using scanning electron microscope, SEM and x-ray diffraction, XRD. The SEM investigations of the calcinated ZnO revealed highly dispersed nanomaterials and the particles were of nanometer size in agreement with the XRD result. The uncalcinated zinc oxide, ZnO revealed some pronounced nanoparticles. The degradation of MG by the photocatalyst was found to be influenced by adsorbent loading and irradiating time. The optimum degradation was obtained at 0.5g catalyst loading of both calcinated and uncalcinated zinc oxide which is 98.48% and 96.31 % respectively at 150 minutes. The degradation kinetics conformed to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The present study showed that calcinated and uncalcinated zinc oxide ZnO can be effectively used as efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of Malachite green dyes from aqueous solutions and effluents.