bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated High-Speed S-Wave Velocity Tomographic System for Laboratory Geotechnical Engineering Process Monitoring – A Study on Pile Installation
Authors: Wu Y. , Zhang Z. , Chow J. K. , Wang Y. H. , Leung M. L.
Published: February 2021

This paper reports the innovative development of a flexible, multiple-layer, economical but robust, and automated high-speed shear wave (Vs) tomographic control and data acquisition system for process monitoring in the laboratory and the associated validation for monitoring the dynamic process of model pile installation. This tailor-made tomographic system consists of four major parts: (i) the control unit built with a microcontroller board, (ii) a signal generating unit, (iii) three layers of bender element sensing arrays (including 14 source and receiver bender elements per layer), and (iv) a signal receiving unit. The system allows for sampling rates up to 1 GS/s (20 MS/s were used in this study); the required total measurement time is 2.94 seconds (i.e., for 196 ray path measurements) to allow for dynamic process monitoring. The obtained time-lapse Vs tomographic images during pile installation show that Vs first gradually increases when the pile toe is approaching the sensing layer and gradually decreases afterward as the pile toe penetrates through the layer. The validity of the Vs tomographic images is supported by similar responses in variations of the circumferential stress σc′ and radial stress σr′, measured by the tactile pressure sensors.
Changes in Presynaptic Gene Expression during Homeostatic Compensation at a Central Synapse
Authors: Harrell Evan R. , Pimentel Diogo , Miesenböck Gero
Published: February 2021

Homeostatic matching of pre- and postsynaptic function has been observed in many species and neural structures, but whether transcriptional changes contribute to this form of trans-synaptic coordination remains unknown. To identify genes whose expression is altered in presynaptic neurons as a result of perturbing postsynaptic excitability, we applied a transcriptomics-friendly, temperature-inducible Kir2.1-based activity clamp at the first synaptic relay of theDrosophilaolfactory system, a central synapse known to exhibit trans-synaptic homeostatic matching. Twelve hours after adult-onset suppression of activity in postsynaptic antennal lobe projection neurons of males and females, we detected changes in the expression of many genes in the third antennal segment, which houses the somata of presynaptic olfactory receptor neurons. These changes affected genes with roles in synaptic vesicle release and synaptic remodeling, including several implicated in homeostatic plasticity at the neuromuscular junction. At 48 h and beyond, the transcriptional landscape tilted toward protein synthesis, folding, and degradation; energy metabolism; and cellular stress defenses, indicating that the system had been pushed to its homeostatic limits. Our analysis suggests that similar homeostatic machinery operates at peripheral and central synapses and identifies many of its components. The presynaptic transcriptional response to genetically targeted postsynaptic perturbations could be exploited for the construction of novel connectivity tracing tools.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHomeostatic feedback mechanisms adjust intrinsic and synaptic properties of neurons to keep their average activity levels constant. We show that, at a central synapse in the fruit fly brain, these mechanisms include changes in presynaptic gene expression that are instructed by an abrupt loss of postsynaptic excitability. The trans-synaptically regulated genes have roles in synaptic vesicle release and synapse remodeling; protein synthesis, folding, and degradation; and energy metabolism. Our study establishes a role for transcriptional changes in homeostatic synaptic plasticity, points to mechanistic commonalities between peripheral and central synapses, and potentially opens new opportunities for the development of connectivity-based gene expression systems.
Dialogues
Authors: Josten Jennifer
Published: February 2021

Greater Mexico refers both to the geographic region encompassing modern Mexico and its former territories in the United States, and to the Mexican cultural diaspora. Exhibitions of visual and material culture from greater Mexico have played an important role in articulating identities and affiliations that transcend limited definitions of citizenship. Following an introductory text by Jennifer Josten, five scholars offer firsthand insights into the intellectual, diplomatic, and logistical concerns underpinning key border-crossing exhibitions of the “NAFTA era.” Rubén Ortiz-Torres writes from his unique perspective as a Mexico City–based artist who began exhibiting in the United States in the late 1980s, and as a curator of recent exhibitions that highlight the existence of multiple Mexicos and Americas. Clara Bargellini reflects on a paradigm-shifting cross-border exhibition of the viceregal arts of the missions of northern New Spain. Kim N. Richter considers how the arts of ancient Mesoamerica and the Americas writ large figured within the Getty Foundation’s 2017 Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA initiative. Xóchitl M. Flores-Marcial offers insights into productive institutional collaborations with transnational Indigenous stakeholders, focusing on two recent Southern California exhibitions of the Oaxaca-based Tlacolulokos collective. Luis Vargas-Santiago discusses how Chicana/o/x art entered Mexico City’s Palacio de Bellas Artes in 2019 as a crucial component of an exhibition about how Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata’s image has migrated through visual culture. Together, these texts demonstrate how exhibitions can act in the service of advancing more nuanced understandings of cultural and political interactions across greater Mexico.
Vítimas de armas de projéteis múltiplos: análise de 56 necropsias forenses
Authors: Bordoni Polyanna Helena Coelho , Silva Giovanna Carvalho , Bordoni Leonardo Santos
Published: February 2021

Lesões por projéteis de armas de fogo (AF) apresentam grande importância criminalística e médico-legal. O Brasil é o país com maior número absoluto de mortes violentas e a maioria dos homicídios nacionais envolve o uso de AF. A munição típica de uma AF de projéteis múltiplos (PM) dispara um número variável de projéteis, o que ocasiona particularidades nas lesões observadas. Este trabalho objetivou analisar os casos fatais decorrentes de AF de PM necropsiados no Instituto Médico Legal André Roquette entre 2006 e 2012. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 56 laudos de vítimas fatais de lesões produzidas por PM. Predominou o sexo masculino (98,2%), a faixa etária de 18 a 29 anos (44,6%), solteiros (83,9%), os pardos (69,6%) e naturais de Belo Horizonte. A idade média foi de 28,3 anos. A suspeita de homicídio representou a quase totalidade dos casos (96,4%), com dois casos de suicídio e nenhum de acidente. Houve predominância de vias púbicas como locais de procedência dos periciados (66,1%). A média de lesões de entrada de PM foi de 1,5. Houve lesões encefálicas em 62,5% dos casos, pulmonares em 48,2% e cardíacas em 26,8%. A média de projéteis recuperados foi de 5,7; foram encontradas buchas em 33 casos. Quase metade dos periciados havia consumido álcool etílico previamente à morte e a maioria das pesquisas toxicológicas foi positiva (cocaína e/ou maconha). Estes dados contribuem para o melhor delineamento do perfil epidemiológico das vítimas fatais de PM em nosso meio, podendo contribuir para o melhor conhecimento destas ocorrências.
Prasa jako narzędzie społecznej i politycznej aktywizacji kobiet w latach 1989–1992. Polska prasa dla kobiet w czasie transformacji ustrojowej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Szwed-Walczak Anna
Published: February 2021

Periodyki dla kobiet w Polsce w latach 1989–1992 stanowiły szczególny rodzaj prasy: z jednej strony skierowane były do adresata dominującego liczebnie w społeczeństwie, z drugiej zaś strony będącego dyskryminowaną mniejszością w sferze publicznej. Sytuację kobiet komplikował fakt prawnego równouprawnienia, które nie było realizowane w praktyce. Powyższe opinie znalazły odzwierciedlenie w badaniach. Wybrane do analizy tytuły prasowe: „Kobieta i Życie”, „Przyjaciółka”, „Zwierciadło” w ówczesnym okresie należały do najbardziej poczytnych czasopism w Polsce. Przemiany transformacyjne stanowiły dla nich okazję do promocji udziału kobiet w polityce, gospodarce i kulturze. Celem badania było ustalenie, czy prasa dla kobiet wykorzystała przemiany transformacyjne do aktywizacji społecznej i politycznej kobiet. W związku z tym sformułowano trzy pytania badawcze: 1) Jakie wydarzenia o charakterze politycznym wywołały zainteresowanie redakcji? 2) Jaką rolę dla kobiet dostrzegano w okresie przemian transformacyjnych? 3) W jaki sposób zachęcano kobiety do aktywność społecznej i politycznej?
Risk of bone fractures after the diagnosis of adrenal adenomas: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Li Dingfeng , Kaur Ravinder Jeet , Zhang Catherine D , Ebbehoj Andreas , Singh Sumitabh , Atkinson Elizabeth J , Achenbach Sara J , Rocca Walter , Khosla Sundeep , Bancos Irina
Published: February 2021

Objective

Several small studies reported increased prevalence and incidence of asymptomatic vertebral fractures in patients with non-functioning adrenal adenomas and adenomas with mild autonomous cortisol secretion. However, the risk of symptomatic fractures at vertebrae, and at other sites remains unknown. Our objective was to determine the prevalence and incidence of symptomatic site-specific fractures in patients with adrenal adenomas.

Design

Population-based cohort study, Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA, 1995–2017.

Methods

Participants were the patients with adrenal adenoma and age/sex-matched referent subjects. Patients with overt hormone excess were excluded. Main outcomes measures were prevalence and incidence of bone fractures.

Results

Of 1004 patients with adrenal adenomas, 582 (58%) were women, and median age at diagnosis was 63 years (20–96). At the time of diagnosis, patients had a higher prevalence of previous fractures than referent subjects (any fracture: 47.9% vs 41.3%, P = 0.003, vertebral fracture: 6.4% vs 3.6%, P = 0.004, combined osteoporotic sites: 16.6% vs 13.3%, P = 0.04). Median duration of follow-up was 6.8 years (range: 0–21.9 years). After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, tobacco use, prior history of fracture, and common causes of secondary osteoporosis, patients with adenoma had hazard ratio of 1.27 (95% CI: 1.07–1.52) for developing a new fracture during follow up when compared to referent subjects.

Conclusions

Patients with adrenal adenomas have higher prevalence of fractures at the time of diagnosis and increased risk to develop new fractures when compared to referent subjects.
Somatostatin receptor radionuclide therapy in neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Haider Mintallah , Das Satya , Al-Toubah Taymeyah , Pelle Eleonora , El-Haddad Ghassan , Strosberg Jonathan
Published: February 2021

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) using 177Lu-DOTATATE has been approved for the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic NETs. An understanding of benefits and risks is important for the appropriate implementation of this therapy. This review summarizes study data supporting the use of radiolabeled somatostatin analogs for the treatment of advanced NETs and highlights risks, including potential toxicities in specific populations. Key ongoing clinical trials, including randomized studies, are designed to better define the position of PRRT within the broader therapeutic landscape. Preclinical and early-phase human studies are focused on the development of novel somatostatin-receptor agonists and antagonists, new radionuclides, and radiosensitizing combination therapies.
Transcriptomic landscape of radiation-induced murine thyroid proliferative lesions
Authors: Stauffer Elena , Weber Peter , Heider Theresa , Dalke Claudia , Blutke Andreas , Walch Axel , Burgstaller Gerald , Brix Nikko , Lauber Kirsten , Zitzelsberger Horst , Unger Kristian , Selmansberger Martin
Published: February 2021

Thyroid carcinoma incidence rates in western societies are among the fastest rising, compared to all malignant tumors over the past two decades. While risk factors such as age and exposure to ionizing radiation are known, early-state carcinogenic processes or pre-lesions are poorly understood or unknown. This study aims at the identification and characterization of early-state radiation-associated neoplastic processes by histologic and transcriptomic analyses of thyroid tissues derived from a mouse model. Comprehensive histological examination of 246 thyroids (164 exposed, 82 non-exposed) was carried out. Proliferative and normal tissues from exposed cases and normal tissue from non-exposed cases were collected by laser-capture microdissection, followed by RNAseq transcriptomic profiling using a low input 3′-library preparation protocol, differential gene expression analysis and functional association by gene set enrichment analysis. Nine exposed samples exhibited proliferative lesions, while none of the non-exposed samples showed histological abnormalities, indicating an association of ionizing radiation exposure with histological abnormalities. Activated immune response signaling and deregulated metabolic processes were observed in irradiated tissue with normal histology compared to normal tissue from non-exposed samples. Proliferative lesions compared to corresponding normal tissues showed enrichment for mainly proliferation-associated gene sets. Consistently, proliferative lesion samples from exposed mice showed elevated proliferation-associated signaling and deregulated metabolic processes compared to normal samples from non-exposed mice. Our findings suggest that a molecular deregulation may be detectable in histologically normal thyroid tissues and in early proliferative lesions in the frame of multi-step progression from irradiated normal tissue to tumorous lesions.
Trophoblast uptake of DBP regulates intracellular actin and promotes matrix invasion
Authors: Ganguly Ankana , Tamblyn Jennifer A , Shattock Alexandra , Joseph Annsha , Larner Dean P , Jenkinson Carl , Gupta Janesh , Gross Stephane R , Hewison Martin
Published: February 2021

Early pregnancy is characterised by elevated circulating levels of vitamin D binding protein (DBP). The impact of this on maternal and fetal health is unclear but DBP is present in the placenta, and DBP gene variants have been linked to malplacentation disorders such as preeclampsia. The functional role of DBP in the placenta was investigated using trophoblastic JEG3, BeWo and HTR8 cells. All three cell lines showed intracellular DBP with increased expression and nuclear localisation of DBP in cells treated with the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D). When cultured in the serum of mice lacking DBP (DBP−/−), JEG3 cells showed no intracellular DBP indicating uptake of exogenous DBP. Inhibition of the membrane receptor for DBP, megalin, also suppressed intracellular DBP. Elimination of intracellular DBP with DBP−/− serum or megalin inhibitor suppressed matrix invasion by trophoblast cells and was associated with increased nuclear accumulation of G-actin. Conversely, treatment with 1,25D enhanced matrix invasion. This was independent of the nuclear vitamin D receptor but was associated with enhanced ERK phosphorylation, and inhibition of ERK kinase suppressed trophoblast matrix invasion. When cultured with serum from pregnant women, trophoblast matrix invasion correlated with DBP concentration, and DBP was lower in first-trimester serum from women who later developed preeclampsia. These data show that the trophoblast matrix invasion involves uptake of serum DBP and associated intracellular actin-binding and homeostasis. DBP is a potential marker of placentation disorders such as preeclampsia and may also provide a therapeutic option for improved placenta and pregnancy health.
Mesenchymal stem cells induce expansion of regulatory T cells in abortion-prone mice
Authors: Salek Farrokhi Amir , Zarnani Amir-Hassan , Rezaei kahmini Fatemeh , Moazzeni Seyed Mohammad
Published: February 2021

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is one of the most common complications of early pregnancy associated in most cases with local or systemic immune abnormalities such as the diminished proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to modulate the immune responses by de novo induction and expansion of Tregs. In this study, we analyzed the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in Treg-associated pregnancy protection following MSCs administration in an abortion-prone mouse mating. In a case-control study, syngeneic abdominal fat-derived MSCs were administered intraperitoneally (i.p) to the DBA/2-mated CBA/J female mice on day 4.5 of pregnancy. Abortion rate, Tregs proportion in spleen and inguinal lymph nodes, Ho1, Foxp3, Pd1 and Ctla4 genes expression at the feto–maternal interface were then measured on day 13.5 of pregnancy using flow cytometry and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. The abortion rate in MSCs-treated mice reduced significantly and normalized to the level observed in normal pregnant animals. We demonstrated a significant induction of Tregs in inguinal lymph nodes but not in the spleen following MSCs administration. Administration of MSCs remarkably upregulated the expression of Ho1, Foxp3, Pd1 and Ctla4 genes in both placenta and decidua. Here, we show that MSCs therapy could protect the fetus in the abortion-prone mice through Tregs expansion and upregulation of Treg-related genes. These events could establish an immune-privileged microenvironment, which participates in the regulation of detrimental maternal immune responses against the semi-allogeneic fetus.
SEARCHING FOR THEORETICAL AGENCY: TOWARDS A BLACK AFRICAN IMMIGRANT STANDPOINT EPISTEMOLOGY
Authors: TCHOUMI BERTRAND
Published: February 2021

This article describes the theoretical construction of a Black African Immigrant Standpoint Epistemology (BAISE). BAISE is an emerging system of thought that seeks and locates the souls of Black African immigrants, re-centers their conceptions of knowledge, and describes their theory of action. Such an epistemology is critical as a tool for Black African immigrants to more effectively express their theoretical agency and construct an alternative form of knowledge that accounts for the totality of their experiences and their social realities. The article first describes the key tenets of several conceptual frameworks that have been appropriated and reconfigured to provide the conceptual foundations of BAISE. These core components are interwoven together to capture the complexity of the experiences and the realities of Black African immigrants and create a tapestry of concepts and knowledges providing the epistemological context for BAISE. Among the many coeval and complementary theories of knowledge available, theories that focus on agency and the construction of realities, on the valorization of previously discredited and discounted epistemological alternatives, as well as on the deconstruction of the positionality of Black African immigrants on the racialized checkerboard and on the re-centering of the marginalized and oppressed lives have seeded the emergence of BAISE. The second major section of this article presents the initial theoretical development of BAISE. The conceptualization process describes how the marginalized status of Black African immigrants shapes their identities and perspectives on the world.
Structural performance analysis of cross-laminated timber-bamboo (CLTB)
Authors: Barreto Maria I. M. , De Araujo Victor , Cortez-Barbosa Juliana , Christoforo André L. , Moura Jorge D. M.
Published: February 2021

Construction systems based on cross-laminated timber (CLT) have versatility in material development and are an interesting alternative for construction. This study evaluated the structural performance of cross-laminated timber-bamboo produced from wood (Pinus spp.) and bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus). Panels were produced by strips (wood and bamboo) assorted, under non-destructive structural grading, to support a better panel configuration. Small-length pine pieces were also included in the study, considering their low added-value and underutilization in sawmills from Telêmaco Borba, Brazil. Gluing tests of small specimens were performed to evaluate the bonding quality of three adhesives: melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF), isocyanate polymeric emulsion (IPE), and castor oil-based resin (COR). Shear stress strength parallel to grain between bamboo and wood showed the best performance for MUF resin. After preliminary gluing testing, eight cross-laminated panels were produced with MUF adhesive in a three-layered configuration, with transversal orientation: two external bamboo layers and a central layer of pine wood. Stiffness and rupture strength values were above those specified by the ANSI/APA PGR 320 (2012) standard. Elasticity and rupture moduli were 13,310 MPa and 65 MPa, respectively, showing good potential of this composite for structural uses.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration: What Do We Know So Far?
Authors: Ma Ho Hin , Liutkevičienė Rasa
Published: February 2021

Ageing is a natural process that everyone experiences and nobody is an exception. With ageing, our body experiences physiological changes. In this article, the focus is made on the physiological changes of our eyes related to ageing and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is the most common cause of incurable visual impairment in developed countries. With ageing populations increasing in many countries, more and more patients will have AMD in a foreseeable future. In Eastern Europe, blindness due to AMD, currently, is approximately 20% and there has been an increasing trend depicted in the future. Generally, AMD can be divided into early stages and two forms in an advanced (late) stage. Advanced AMD form includes neovascular AMD (wet) and geographic atrophy (late dry), both of these are associated with substantial, progressive visual impairment. The pathogenesis of AMD is complex and, by far, not completely understood. Multiple factors have been studied, for example: environmental factor, genetic factor (complement factor H), lifestyle. It has been proved that they are linked to higher the risk of developing of AMD, however, the actual pathogenesis is not yet formulated. AMD progression can also be a culprit to certain biochemical events and molecular changes linked to inflammation and pathological angiogenesis. In nowadays, we do have diagnostic methods for both early and late forms of AMD as well as ways to prevent progression of early AMD and wet AMD. However, until now, there is still no treatment for dry AMD. This article is a brief review of AMD and may hopefully lead to some future directions in early diagnostic methods and treating dry AMD.
Current Recommendations for Airway Management Techniques in COVID-19 Patients without Respiratory Failure Undergoing General Anaesthesia: A Nonsystematic Literature Review
Authors: Grigonytė Milda , Kraujelytė Agnė , Januškevičiūtė Elija , Šėmys Giedrius , Bružytė-Narkienė Greta , Kriukelytė Oresta , Kontrimavičiūtė Eglė , Valevičienė Nomeda Rima
Published: February 2021

Background. Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first emerged, many articles have been published on airway management for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, there is a lack of clear and concise conceptual framework for working with infected patients without respiratory failure undergoing general anaesthesia compared to noninfected patients. The aim of this article is to review current literature data on new challenges for anaesthesia providers, compare standard airway management techniques protocols with new data, and discuss optimisation potential.Materials and methods. Literature search was performed in Google Scholar and PubMed databases using these keywords and their combinations: anaesthesia, preoxygenation, airway management, difficult airway, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19. The following nonsystematic review is based on a comprehensive literature search of available data, wherein 41 articles were chosen for detailed analysis. Summarised and analysed data are presented in the article.Results. SARS-CoV-2 has unique implications for airway management techniques in patients without respiratory failure undergoing general anesthesia. Main differences with the standard practice include: institutional preparedness, team composition principles, necessary skills, equipment, drugs, intubation and extubation strategies. Failed or difficult intubation is managed with predominance of emergency front of neck access (FONA) due to increased aerosol generation.Conclusions. Airway management techniques in COVID-19 patients without respiratory failure are more challenging than in noninfected patients undergoing general anaesthesia. Safe, accurate and swift actions avoid unnecessary time delay ensuring the best care for patients, and reduce risk of contamination for staff. Appropriate airway strategy, communication, minimisation of time for aerosol generating procedures and ramped-up position aid to achieve these goals. During the pandemic, updated available literature data may change clinical practice as new evidence emerges.
The stability analysis of the market price using Lambert function method
Authors: Jankauskienė Irma , Miliūnas Tomas
Published: February 2021

In this article we are going to analyze market price stability with different market intensity coefficient and delay argument values. Market price is described as a scalar differential equation with a delay argument. In order to find solutions for the transcendental equation we will use method based on Lambert function. We will present examples of the applications of the method.
Models of virtual library users’ behavior analysis
Authors: Vievesis Gytis , Janilionis Vytautas , Štreimikis Antanas
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we present models for the analysis of the behavior of the virtual library (VL) users. Unlike the models presented in the literature,  they use only the big data that is stored in the log files of virtual library servers and methods of statistics, association rules, and recommendation systems. The proposed models were implemented with R software. Using the proposed models,  the analysis of the behavior of VL users of Lithuanian research and study of higher education institutions was performed for the first time. The results  showed that the proposed models allow to operatively analyze the behavior of virtual library users using advanced search filters, facets, and provide suggestions for improvement of service quality.
Genetic Differentiation of Ukrainian Populations of Eusomus ovulum (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): Evidence of Multiple Hybrid Speciation
Authors: Morozov-Leonov S. Yu. , Nazarenko V. Yu.
Published: February 2021

Th e clonal structure of populations of the weevil Eusomus ovulum Germar, 1824 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from several regions of Ukraine was analyzed. Th e signifi cant diff erentiation between populations from dif-ferent region was demonstrated. Th e hypothesis of multiple origins of the hybrid form E. ovulum from several parental species is proposed.
Associations Between Habitat Quality and Body Size in the Carpathian-Podolian Land Snail Vestia turgida (Gastropoda, Clausiliidae): Species Distribution Model Selection and Assessment of Performance
Authors: Tytar V.
Published: February 2021

Species distribution models (SDMs) are generally thought to be good indicators of habitat suitability, and thus of species’ performance. Consequently SDMs can be validated by checking whether the areas projected to have the greatest habitat quality are occupied by individuals or populations with higher than average fi tness. We hypothesized a positive and statistically signifi cant relationship between observed in the fi eld body size of the snail V. turgida (Rossmässler, 1836) and modelled habitat suitability, tested this relationship with linear mixed models, and found that indeed, larger individuals tend to occupy high-quality areas, as predicted by the SDMs. However, by testing several SDM algorithms, we found varied levels of performance in terms of expounding this relationship. Marginal R2 expressing the variance explained by the fi xed terms in the regression models, was adopted as a measure of functional accuracy, and used to rank the SDMs accordingly. In this respect, the Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) algorithm gave the best result, despite the low AUC and TSS. By restricting our analysis to the BART algorithm only, a variety of sets of environmental variables commonly or less used in the construction of SDMs were explored and tested according to their functional accuracy. In this respect, the SDM produced using the ENVIREM data set gave the best result.
Freshwater Mussels (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Unionidae) of the Danube River Basin of Ukraine
Authors: Shevchuk L. , Vasilyeva L. , Taradajnyk M. , Mezhzherin S.
Published: February 2021

During 2009–2011, 50 points of the Daube River Basin were surveyed. In 23 of them, seven species of Unionidae were recorded: U.  pictorum, U. tumidus, U. crassus sensu lato, A. anatina, A. cygnea, P.  сomplanatа and S.  woodiana, which is an invasive species. Th e index of occurrence of freshwater mussels in general was 100 % in the Lower Danube River (5 study areas), 42 % in Tisa River (31 study areas), 33.3 % in Seret River (3 study areas), 36 % in Prut River (11 study areas). Th e index of occurrence of species was rather low: 24 % of A. anatina, 22 % of U. tumidus, 22 % of U. crassus, 16 % of U. pictorum, 14 % of P. complanata, 14 % of S. woodiana, and 2 % of A. cygnea. U. crassus was not found in the Lower Danube river, while A. cygnea was found only there outside the main watercourse. Th e invasive species S. woodiana occurred in the Lower Danube River and in the sub-basin of Tisa River (with 83 % and 20 % frequency, respectively. Th e mean values of population densities ranged from 1.00 (A. cygnea) to 6.14 ind./m2 (S. woodiana), and the mean biomass varied from 1.14 (P. сomplanatа) to 797.54 g/m2 (S. woodiana).
Can You Hear Me Now? A Comparative Survey of Pinniped Auditory Apparatus Morphology
Authors: Koper L. , Koretsky I. A. , Rahmat S. J.
Published: February 2021

Over the past century research on the morphology of the auditory apparatuses of pinnipeds, which include Phocidae (true seals), Otariidae (sea lions and fur seals), and Odobenidae (walruses) is extremely limited, in comparison to other Carnivora. Although, the auditory region and surrounding basicrania are areas that are evolutionarily conservative, most literature is unclear due to mixed terminology, inaccurate information, and indistinct, outdated illustrations. Th e lack of adequate and current studies demonstrates the need for compiling morphological information of the auditory region of modern carnivores in relation to hearing. Auditory terminology will be explored to show morphological comparisons and naming practices among the carnivoran families. By streamlining accurate terminology with straightforward illustrations, the behavioral information gleaned from auditory morphological structures will be clearer even among the diverse members of Carnivora. Th is initial assessment will detail the limited information in prior research on the hearing adaptations for transitional semiaquatic carnivores. Th is preliminary review will help to establish the adaptive patterns (from land to sea) in the basicranial morphology of early pinnipeds, especially in phocids.
ALTERIDADE E ESTRANHEZA
Authors: Tronco Júlia Garcia
Published: February 2021

Com o objetivo de analisar a possibilidade de reconhecimento da alteridade em Ser e Tempo, o trabalho faz uma breve reconstrução de como o fenômeno da angústia possibilita o reconhecimento do ser si mesmo e da morte como possibilidade a partir da estranheza e do apelo da consciência. Parte-se, então para a análise desse contexto como uma possibilidade de alteridade destinada para fora do ser-aí. Traçam-se a partir disso algumas possibilidades dialógicas do próprio com o outro a partir da estranheza. O artigo parte de uma breve reconstrução da interpretação do fenômeno da angústia feita por Heidegger. Depois é apresentada a interpretação de André Duarte e suas implicações à obra heideggeriana. Por fim, são apresentadas algumas direções que Bernhard Waldenfels reconhece como essenciais para uma fenomenologia do outro, que sempre aparece como um estranho.
SANTOS, Robinson dos; SCHMIDT, Elke. E. (eds.) Realism and Antirealism in Kant’s Moral Philosophy. Berlin: deGruyter, 2018.
Authors: Carvalho Vinicius
Published: February 2021

Nesta resenha, apresento cada artigo e comento suas teses principais. Os primeiros três artigos defendem uma interpretação antirrealista da filosofia moral de Kant, os três artigos seguintes defendem uma interpretação realista, e os três últimos artigos avançam uma leitura intermediária.
Errata - Revista Intuitio v. 12 n.2 (2019) - ID 34771
Authors: Periódicos EDIPUCRS
Published: February 2021

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Biologically controlled gelatin actuators
Authors: Hanzly Laura E , Kristofferson Kristofer A , Chauhan Natasha , Barone Justin R
Published: February 2021

Gelatin is a natural and environment-friendly polymer that can be cross-linked to various degrees with glutaraldehyde (GTA) and swollen with water to form a hydrogel. As the gelatin cross-link density increases, gel stiffness increases and swelling in water decreases with the cross-link density saturating at about 0.01 mol of GTA. Forming gelatin hydrogel bilayers with layers of differing cross-link densities results in a gelatin actuator that bends toward the layer of higher cross-link density when swollen in water. The extent of bilayer bending is dependent on the difference between the volume swelling ratio of the layers, which is directly determined by the cross-link density difference. When the gelatin bilayers are close in swell ratio or when the swell ratios are significantly different, no bending occurs. The highest bending is found when the higher cross-linked passive layer swells to about 60% of the swelling of the lower cross-linked active layer. Filling the active layer with pre-gelatinized starch increases the bilayer curvature, but it returns to its original shape after hydrolyzing the starch with α-amylase, demonstrating shape change in response to a biochemical reaction. The results show that simple gelatin bilayers can serve as actuators when stimulated with water or sugar and enzyme.
Optimization of production conditions by the sol-gel method of zirconium dioxide nanopowders
Authors: Porozova S. E. , Rogozhnikov A. G. , Shokov V. O. , Pozdeeva T. Yu.
Published: February 2021

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Optimization of parametrs and modes of plasma sprayng and plasma reflow coatings
Authors: Kravchenko I. N. , Kartsev S. V. , Kuznetsov Yu. A. , Velichko S. A.
Published: February 2021

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The The Legal Operation of Liens: Theory and Practice
Authors: Wiese Mitzi
Published: February 2021

The legal operation of liens has been the source of academic debates for many years. Liens are traditionally classified as enrichment liens and debtor-and-creditor liens (contractual liens). In the instance of an enrichment lien the creditor (lienholder) has a contract with a non-owner and not with the owner (debtor) himself. Consequently, the creditor can vest a lien against the owner of the thing only on the grounds of unjustified enrichment. Enrichment liens are classified as real rights. In the instance of a debtor-and-creditor lien (contractual lien) the creditor (lienholder) has a contract with the owner of the thing and the contract is the basis for the liability of the owner (debtor) towards the creditor. Debtor-and-creditor liens are generally classified as personal rights. This classification causes confusion regarding the legal operation on the one hand of an enrichment lien as a real right and on the other hand of a debtor-and-creditor lien (contractual lien) as a personal right. This paper proposes that the origin of the legal claim for which the lien serves as security (unjustified enrichment or contractual) merely determines the debt (expenses) for which a lienholder can vest his lien and does not determine the classification of a lien as either a real right or a personal right. A lien can be described as a defence against the owner's rei vindicatio and is, in principle, enforceable only against the owner of the thing (security object). A lien can, however, also be enforced against parties other than the owner, including the creditors (who, for example, want to attach the thing subject to the lien) of the owner (debtor) and other real claimants. The enforcement of a lien against these parties is referred to as the real operation (third-party action) of a lien. This paper analyses the legal operation of a lien with specific reference to the debt (expenses incurred) secured by the lien, the vesting (existence) of a lien, the real operation (third-party action) of a lien and the preferential position of a lienholder in the case of the debtor' insolvency.
An Instructional Planning and Implementation of a Museum Tour Addressing Multiple Intelligences for First Graders
Authors: TEMİZ Nida
Published: February 2021

Contemporary museums are not only places where collections are protected and exhibited; they are also effective and efficient learning and teaching environments. However, both contemporary and traditional museums need to be improved in terms of their educational functions. This study planned and implemented a museum tour addressing multiple intelligences for first graders at primary school with the purpose of demonstrating an effective museum tour. The convenience sampling method was used for determining the participants of the study. The researcher, together with 5 primary school teachers, 120 first-grade students and 44 undergraduates from the Department of Primary Education at the Faculty of Education participated in the study. This study was designed as action research, which is one of the qualitative research designs. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, observations, and student-recalled questionnaires. The study showed that the teachers’ and the undergraduates’ thoughts about the planning and implementation were mostly positive, especially in terms of students’ motivation, detail planning and the undergraduates’ role of the implementation as qualified staff. Moreover, the findings related to the students’ learning indicated that it was stored in their long-term memory. As a result of the study, the museum tour plan addressing multiple intelligences for first graders will be an example of effective museum education for teachers and museum educators in various ways.
Small volume fungal genomic DNA extraction protocol for Illumina genome v1
Authors: M U'Ren Jana , Moore Lilly
Published: February 2021

This protocol describes a modified SDS phenol:chloroform method for obtaining high quality DNA from hyphae of filamentous fungi. Resulting DNA can be used for Illumina genome sequencing. Pure fungal cultures are inoculated on 60mm 2% MEA plates with a sterile cellophane overlay to minimize media carry-over and grown for 5-10 days (see dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.qtedwje). Mycelium is removed with sterile forceps and scalpels and placed in a 1.5mL tube with steel beads. Flash freeze the tissue in liquid N and store at -80 prior to extraction.
Quantification byDroplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) v2
Authors: Feng Shuchen
Published: February 2021

Quantification byDroplet Digital PCR (RT-ddPCR)
SHS Processing of cyclone ferrosilicium dust
Authors: Ziatdinov M. Kh. , Shatokhin I. M. , Manashev I. R.
Published: February 2021

This paper offers a review of waste disposal techniques for disposing of dust generated by ferrosilicium industry. The paper examines the possibility of nitriding cyclone ferrosilicium dust through application of a high-pressure infiltration combustion process. The authors describe the key regularities of the ferrosilicium nitride SH-synthesis and demonstrate the potential applicability of the new technique. The findings show that the high-grade dusts resultant from ferrosilicium crushing and screening operations and identified as FeSi65 and FeSi75 consist of iron and silicon disilicides, whereas the dust coming from a 45 % alloy consists of FeSi2 and FeSi. Interaction of the initial alloys with nitrogen in a high-pressure combustion mode results in the generation of high-nitrogen material with the β-phase of silicon nitride at the basis. Such material can be used as unmolded refractory material for application in blast furnaces. Or it can be used to produce nitrogen containing steels, such as transformer steel. Thus, the dust grade PUD-75 would be optimum for application in refractories, and the dust grade PUD-65 — as an alloying component. The paper demonstrates that the composition of the cyclone ferrosilicium dust combustion products can be changed by changing the nitrogen pressure and the dispersity of the burden. Silicon nitride constitutes the main component in the composition of the combustion products (60–85%). It will be iron that will serve as a binder in this composite at the highest nitrogen saturation degree, whereas in the case of a lower nitrogen saturation degree it will iron silicides. It was found that nitrogen is absorbed in two stages during layer-by-layer combustion of ferrosilicium alloys. Passing of the combustion front is followed by the process of bulk post-reaction, during which the share of absorbed nitrogen can increase by 30%. This phenomenon explains why there exists no dependence between the concentration of nitrogen in the combustion products and the applied pressure.
Simulation of phase transformations in high carbon pearlite steel at various cooling rates
Authors: Nevskii S. A. , Kormyshev V. E. , Simonov Yu. N. , Konovalov S. V.
Published: February 2021

The paper reports on the experimental research into the austenite decomposition in high carbon steel at a constant temperature and rates of cooling. The study was carried out by the methods of dilatometry, micro-durometry, optical and scanning microscopy. From the dilatometric curves it is apparent they are sufficiently presented by the Kolmogorov-Avrami equation in a temperature range from 700 to 550 °С, and by the logistic function for temperatures ranging 500 to 250 °С. The data of the dilatometric analysis were used to draw isothermal and continuous cooling transformation diagrams of phase conversions. It has been pointed out an isothermal diagram to comprise four C-curves of pearlite and bainite transformations, which are approximated by second- and third-degree polynomials. The critical temperatures of austenite, bainite, and martensite transformations have been determined, being 711, 550 and 196 °С, respectively. Considering the data obtained experimentally, a mathematical model of austenite decomposition has been developed for a constant cooling rate, and volume fractions of structure-phase components estimated theoretically, demonstrating the congruence with experimental results. The suggested mathematical model can be adopted to calculate a structure-phase composition in industrial differential heat treatment of rails. The authors are grateful to Vladimir Sarychev, Egor Polevoy and Victor Gromov who took an active part in the preparation of the manuscript. This work is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [project number 19-32-60001] and President grant for State Support to young researches [grant number МK-118.2019.2].
Changes in the nutritional structure of the population of Russia for 100 years
Authors: Burlyaeva Ekaterina A. , Kambarov A. O. , Nikityuk D. B.
Published: February 2021

Background. In recent years, great importance has been given to preserving and strengthening the health of the population, the role of disease prevention and formation of a healthy lifestyle, including the formation of a culture of healthy nutrition of the population. With the aim to study changes in nutrition of the Russian population over the past 100 years, we have conducted a nutrition assessment based on statistical data. The results obtained indicate significant changes in the quantitative composition of the main groups of products consumed by the population of Russia. The structure of the diet indicates significant deviations from the recommendations on rational food consumption standards that meet modern requirements for a healthy diet. There is a lack of consumption of potatoes, vegetables, fruits, milk and dairy products, eggs, which are a source of essential nutrients for the body proteins, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals. At the same time, over the past hundred years, there has been a significant, even excessive, increase in the consumption of meat products and sugar.

Conclusion. Good nutrition largely determines the quality of life and health indicators of the nation.
On the question of the innervation of the movements of the pupil
Authors: Chirkovskiy V. V.
Published: February 2021

In the next group of experiments, we studied the question of reflex dilation of the pupil with irritation of sensory nerves after overloading n. optici inside the skull, wishing to supplement the observation of the operated animals presented in the first section of the work. Of this group of experiments, only in some of which photographic registration was applied, in experiments relating to the early period of our work, we used the usual measuring method. As in other groups, we do not present all the experiments here, since many gave completely similar results, but we will present only the most valuable, typical ones.
About multinucleated sympathetic nerve cells
Authors: Georgievskiy I. V.
Published: February 2021

In 1834, at a meeting of the Strasbourg Natural-Historical Society, Lauth made a report on the results of his research on the organization of the nervous system, in which, it seems, the first mention of the presence between the nerve fibers n. sympathici of round accumulations of granular substance, similar to that found in ganglia intervertebralia.
G. Deny et P. Roy. "Premature dementia". Paris. 1903
Authors: Toporkov N.
Published: February 2021

Between psychoses, which are usually observed, if not exclusively, in adolescence, there is a form that deserves special attention both in terms of its special properties, and in terms of frequency and severity. - This is dementia praecox.
Chronicle of the Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists at the Imperial Kazan University. Minutes of the administrative meeting of the company on December 5, 1904
Authors: Mislavskiy N. A.
Published: February 2021

Prof. N. A. Mislavsky and secretary N. A. Donskov
Sciatic nerve vasodilator pathway
Authors: Bystrenin I. N.
Published: February 2021

As is known, the composition of the sciatic nerve emerging from the plexus ischiadicus includes и, VI and VII of the lumbar and I sacral pairs of roots that form the main mass of the trunk; in addition, fibers from the sympathetic chain are attached to it.