bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atuações do enfermeiro na prevenção de úlcera por pressão em idosos institucionalizados
Authors: Almeida Ivete Santa de , Maia Luiz Faustino dos Santos
Published: March 2017

As ulceras por pressão (UPP) são lesões cutâneas ou de partes moles, localizadas normalmente sobre áreas de proeminências ósseas, originada por aumento da pressão externa. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica e qualitativa, cuja fonte foi as bases de dados da Bireme e os objetos foram artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. A análise foi baseada em Minayo (2014). Como resultado emergiram as categorias: “ações do enfermeiro na prevenção de UPP representadas pelas execuções corretas dos procedimentos” e “ações do enfermeiro representadas pelo uso de instrumentos de avaliação”. Infere-se que a prevenção da UPP é dever da equipe do enfermeiro no atributo das suas funções. No entanto para que isso aconteça, é preciso conhecimento atualizado para a aplicação da precaução.Descritores: Enfermagem, Prevenção, Úlcera por Pressão. The nurse acting in pressure ulcer prevention in institutionalized elderlyAbstract: The pressure ulcers (UPP) are skin lesions or soft tissue, usually located on areas of bony prominences, caused by increased external pressure. This is a bibliographic and qualitative review, whose source was the Bireme databases and objects were articles that met the inclusion criteria established. The analysis was based on Minayo (2014). As a result the following categories emerged: “nurses actions in UPP prevention represented by the correct executions of procedures” and “nursing shares represented by the use of assessment tools”. It is inferred that the prevention of UPP is nursing team duty in the attribute of their duties. However for this to happen, we need updated knowledge for the application of precaution.Descriptors: Nursing, Prevention, Pressure Ulcer. Las actuaciones de enfermería en la prevención de úlceras por presión en ancianosResumen: Las úlceras por presión (UPP) son lesiones en la piel o tejidos blandos, generalmente ubicados en áreas de prominencias óseas, causada por el aumento de la presión externa. Esta es una revisión bibliográfica y cualitativa, cuya fuente era las bases de datos y objetos de BIREME, fueron los artículos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión establecidos. El análisis se basó en Minayo (2014). Como resultado surgieron las siguientes categorías: ”Las acciones de enfermería en la prevención de UPP representado por las ejecuciones correctas de procedimientos” y “acciones de enfermería representados por el uso de las herramientas de evaluación”. Se infiere que la prevención de UPP es deber equipo de enfermería en el atributo de sus funciones. Sin embargo, para que esto suceda, necesitamos el conocimiento actualizado para la aplicación de la precaución.Descriptores: Enfermería, Prevención, Úlcera por Presión.
Infecção relacionada a assistência à saúde: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Silva Zildo Alves da , Maia Luiz Faustino dos Santos , Pádua Iris Maria de , Inácio Janaina Esser , Pio Thaís Macedo
Published: March 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever as intervenções do enfermeiro na prevenção para diminuir as infecções relacionadas com a assistência à saúde por meio de uma revisão da literatura. As infecções tendem a ser um risco muito alto a saúde dos usuários, pois acarreta um maior tempo de tratamento, e possíveis complicações a saúde dos pacientes. A disseminação de infecções em ambiente hospitalar e na assistência do serviço de saúde, com frequência e proveniente da infecção cruzada, é a via de contaminação mais comum ocorre entre as mãos. A educação permanente entre profissionais de saúde, pacientes, familiares e visitantes, é de extrema necessidade para contribuir no controle de infecção.Descritores: Enfermagem, Infecção, Assistência. Infection related to health care: a literature reviewAbstract: This article aims to describe the interventions of nurses in prevention to reduce infections related to health care through a literature review. Infections tend to be a very high risk the health of users since it involves a longer time of treatment, possible complications and patient health. The spread of infection in hospitals and health care service often and from the cross-infection is the most common route of infection is in his hands. The continuing education of health professionals, patients, families and visitors is of extreme necessity to contribute to the control of infection. Descriptors: Nursing, Infection, Assistance. Infección relacionada con la atención de salud: una revisión de la literaturaResumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir las intervenciones de las enfermeras en la prevención para reducir las infecciones relacionadas con la atención de la salud a través de una revisión de la literatura. Las infecciones tienden a ser un muy alto riesgo la salud de los usuarios, ya que implica un tratamiento más largo, y las posibles complicaciones de la salud de los pacientes. La propagación de la infección en los hospitales y servicios de salud a menudo y de la infección cruzada es la vía más común de infección está en sus manos. La formación continuada de los profesionales de salud, los pacientes, las familias y los visitantes es de extrema necesidad de contribuir al control de la infección. Descriptores: Enfermería, Infección, Asistencia.
Bridge Health Index: Study of Element Condition States and Importance Weights
Authors: Inkoom Sylvester , Sobanjo John O. , Thompson Paul D. , Kerr Richard , Twumasi-Boakye Richard
Published: March 2017

The AASHTO Pontis bridge management system has been used to support network-level and project-level decision making on the condition and functional obsolescence of bridges. State departments of transportation often develop bridge inspection data collection methods, deterioration models, cost models, and other preservation analysis capabilities to comply with the requirements of the federal Government Accounting Standards Board. The bridge health index (BHI) in the Pontis bridge management system has been used in the evaluation of the condition of bridges and elements at the project and network levels. This paper investigates three issues in the computation of the BHI: the effects of using linear and nonlinear scales for the condition state weights when computing the element health index (EHI); the application of amplification weights to EHI values to emphasize bridge elements in bad condition; and the development of element weights based on element replacement costs, element long-term costs, element vulnerability to hazard risks, and a combination of these measures. Historical condition data from element-based inspection were used to evaluate these effects at the network level.
Travel and the Built Environment: Insights Using Activity Densities, the Sprawl Index, and Neighborhood Types
Authors: Ralph Kelcie , Voulgaris Carole Turley , Brown Anne
Published: March 2017

There are many ways to evaluate the built environment, including measures of observable individual characteristics (such as activity density), continuous composite measures (such as the sprawl index), and categorically measured variables (such as neighborhood types). However, a systematic comparison of how well each of these three measurement types captures the influence of the built environment on travel behavior has not yet been undertaken. This lack presents a quandary for both researchers and practitioners who seek to quantify and describe the effects of the built environment on travel behavior. This paper assesses whether continuous, composite, or categorical measures provide more information and better-fitting models compared with measures of observable individual characteristics across four travel behaviors: vehicle miles traveled, walk trips, transit trips, and trip length. For each travel variable, four multivariate regression models were estimated with various measures of the built environment: activity density, sprawl index, neighborhood type, and combined sprawl index and neighborhood type. Both the sprawl index and the neighborhood-type models outperformed the activity density model. Moreover, a combined model with both the sprawl index and neighborhood types provided the best fit for all four travel behavior variables. These results suggest that both continuous and categorical composite variables provide unique and complementary information about how the built environment influences travel behavior. These findings underscore the importance of researchers’ decisions on how to represent the built environment quantitatively in models, because measurement decisions influence the understanding of how the built environment affects travel behavior.
Evidence-Based Transit and Land Use Sketch Planning Using Interactive Accessibility Methods on Combined Schedule and Headway-Based Networks
Authors: Conway Matthew Wigginton , Byrd Andrew , van der Linden Marco
Published: March 2017

There is a need for indicators of transportation–land use system quality that are understandable to a wide range of stakeholders and that can provide immediate feedback on the quality of interactively designed scenarios. Location-based accessibility indicators are promising candidates, but indicator values can vary strongly depending on time of day and transfer wait times. Capturing this variation increases complexity, slowing calculations. This paper presents new methods for rapid yet rigorous computation of accessibility metrics, allowing immediate feedback during early-stage transit planning while being rigorous enough for final analyses. The approach is statistical, characterizing the uncertainty and variability in accessibility metrics related to differences in departure time and headway-based scenario specification. The analysis was carried out on a detailed multimodal network model including both public transportation and streets. Land use data were represented at high resolution. These methods were implemented as open-source software running on a commodity cloud infrastructure. Networks were constructed from standard open data sources, and scenarios were built in a map-based web interface. A case study is presented, describing how these methods were applied in a long-term transportation planning process for an urbanized, polycentric Randstad region in the Netherlands.
Cues for Integration: Foreign Policy Beliefs and German Parliamentarians’ Support for European Integration
Authors:   A. Burcu Bayram
Published: March 2017

How do foreign policy beliefs affect German parliamentarians’ (MPs)
support for European integration? Despite important advances, the literature
has overlooked the effect of foreign policy beliefs on national representatives’
attitudes toward integration. This study provides a systematic investigation of
the role foreign policy beliefs play in shaping German MPs’ support for European
integration. I argue that given the complex and contentious character of
European integration politics MPs derive heuristic cues from their foreign policy
beliefs to form opinions on the desirability of integration. Using data from
an original survey conducted with members of the seventeenth German Bundestag,
I show that a belief in multilateralism increases support for European
integration while isolationist and hawkish foreign policy orientations decrease
support. These results indicate that support for European integration is not
merely determined by party ideology, electoral pressure or economic considerations,
but also has a psychological foundation shaped by politicians’ core
beliefs about how the world of international politics operates.
Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of a Chlorine Dioxide Solution
Authors: Ma Jui-Wen , Huang Bin-Syuan , Hsu Chu-Wei , Peng Chun-Wei , Cheng Ming-Long , Kao Jung-Yie , Way Tzong-Der , Yin Hao-Chang , Wang Shan-Shue
Published: March 2017

In this study, a chlorine dioxide solution (UC-1) composed of chlorine dioxide was produced using an electrolytic method and subsequently purified using a membrane. UC-1 was determined to contain 2000 ppm of gaseous chlorine dioxide in water. The efficacy and safety of UC-1 were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity was more than 98.2% reduction when UC-1 concentrations were 5 and 20 ppm for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of H1N1, influenza virus B/TW/71718/04, and EV71 were 84.65 ± 0.64, 95.91 ± 11.61, and 46.39 ± 1.97 ppm, respectively. A 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test revealed that the cell viability of mouse lung fibroblast L929 cells was 93.7% at a 200 ppm UC-1 concentration that is over that anticipated in routine use. Moreover, 50 ppm UC-1 showed no significant symptoms in a rabbit ocular irritation test. In an inhalation toxicity test, treatment with 20 ppm UC-1 for 24 h showed no abnormality and no mortality in clinical symptoms and normal functioning of the lung and other organs. A ClO2 concentration of up to 40 ppm in drinking water did not show any toxicity in a subchronic oral toxicity test. Herein, UC-1 showed favorable disinfection activity and a higher safety profile tendency than in previous reports.
Variation in Older Adult Characteristics by Residence Type and Use of Home- and Community-Based Services
Authors: Ewen Heidi , Washington Tiffany , Emerson Kerstin , Carswell Andrew , Smith Matthew
Published: March 2017

Background: The majority of older adults prefer to remain in their homes, or to “age-in-place.” To accomplish this goal, many older adults will rely upon home- and community-based services (HCBS) for support. However, the availability and accessibility of HCBS may differ based on whether the older adult lives in the community or in a senior housing apartment facility. Methods: This paper reports findings from the Pathways to Life Quality study of residential change and stability among seniors in upstate New York. Data were analyzed from 663 older adults living in one of three housing types: service-rich facilities, service-poor facilities, and community-dwelling in single-family homes. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to examine factors associated with residence type. A linear regression model was fitted to examine factors associated with HCBS utilization. Results: When compared to community-dwelling older adults, those residing in service-rich and service-poor facilities were more likely to be older, report more activity limitations, and provide less instrumental assistance to others. Those in service-poor facilities were more likely to have poorer mental health and lower perceived purpose in life. The three leading HCBS utilized were senior centers (20%), homemaker services (19%), and transportation services (18%). More HCBS utilization was associated with participants who resided in service-poor housing, were older, were female, and had more activity limitations. More HCBS utilization was also associated with those who received instrumental support, had higher perceived purpose in life, and poorer mental health. Conclusions: Findings suggest that older adults’ residential environment is associated with their health status and HCBS utilization. Building upon the Person–Environment Fit theories, dedicated efforts are needed to introduce and expand upon existing HCBS available to facility residents to address physical and mental health needs as well as facilitate aging-in-place.
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Commitment Offense, and Race/Ethnicity: Are the Effects Crime-, Race-, and Ethnicity-Specific?
Authors: DeLisi Matt , Alcala Justin , Kusow Abdi , Hochstetler Andy , Heirigs Mark , Caudill Jonathan , Trulson Chad , Baglivio Michael
Published: March 2017

Adverse childhood experiences are associated with an array of health, psychiatric, and behavioral problems including antisocial behavior. Criminologists have recently utilized adverse childhood experiences as an organizing research framework and shown that adverse childhood experiences are associated with delinquency, violence, and more chronic/severe criminal careers. However, much less is known about adverse childhood experiences vis-à-vis specific forms of crime and whether the effects vary across race and ethnicity. Using a sample of 2520 male confined juvenile delinquents, the current study used epidemiological tables of odds (both unadjusted and adjusted for onset, total adjudications, and total out of home placements) to evaluate the significance of the number of adverse childhood experiences on commitment for homicide, sexual assault, and serious persons/property offending. The effects of adverse childhood experiences vary considerably across racial and ethnic groups and across offense types. Adverse childhood experiences are strongly and positively associated with sexual offending, but negatively associated with homicide and serious person/property offending. Differential effects of adverse childhood experiences were also seen among African Americans, Hispanics, and whites. Suggestions for future research to clarify the mechanisms by which adverse childhood experiences manifest in specific forms of criminal behavior are offered.
Impacts from Land Use Pattern on Spatial Distribution of Cultivated Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Typical Rural-Urban Fringe of Northeast China
Authors: Li Wenbo , Wang Dongyan , Wang Qing , Liu Shuhan , Zhu Yuanli , Wu Wenjun
Published: March 2017

Under rapid urban sprawl in Northeast China, land conversions are not only encroaching on the quantity of cultivated lands, but also posing a great threat to black soil conservation and food security. This study’s aim is to explore the spatial relationship between comprehensive cultivated soil heavy metal pollution and peri-urban land use patterns in the black soil region. We applied spatial lag regression to analyze the relationship between PLI (pollution load index) and influencing factors of land use by taking suburban cultivated land of Changchun Kuancheng District as an empirical case. The results indicate the following: (1) Similar spatial distribution characteristics are detected between Pb, Cu, and Zn, between Cr and Ni, and between Hg and Cd. The Yitong River catchment in the central region, and the residential community of Lanjia County in the west, are the main hotspots for eight heavy metals and PLI. Beihu Wetland Park, with a larger-area distribution of ecological land in the southeast, has low level for both heavy metal concentrations and PLI values. Spatial distribution characteristics of cultivated heavy metals are related to types of surrounding land use and industry; (2) Spatial lag regression has a better fit for PLI than the ordinary least squares regression. The regression results indicate the inverse relationship between heavy metal pollution degree and distance from long-standing residential land and surface water. Following rapid urban land expansion and a longer accumulation period, residential land sprawl is going to threaten cultivated land with heavy metal pollution in the suburban black soil region, and cultivated land irrigated with urban river water in the suburbs will have a higher tendency for heavy metal pollution.
Anti-Obesity Effect of Bombus ignitus Queen Glycosaminoglycans in Rats on a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Ahn Mi , Kim Ban , Kim Ha , Yoon Hyung , Jee Sang , Hwang Jae , Park Kun-Koo
Published: March 2017

The mechanism of functional insect glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on obesity caused a high fat diet has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, insect glycosaminoglycans derived from Isaria sinclairii, Bombus ignitus (a type of bumblebee) queen, and Gryllus bimaculatus were purified and investigated as a potential functional food. 14-week old male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks. There were five groups that received daily intraperitoneal administration of phosphate buffered saline (PBS, control), GbG (GAG from Gryllus bimaculatus) 10 mg/kg, ISG (GAG from Isaria sinclairii) 10 mg/kg, IQG (GAG from Bombus ignites) 10 mg/kg, or Pravastatin (2 mg/kg). All treatments were performed for one month. IQG produced a potential anti-inflammatory effect with the inhibition of c-reactive protein and sero-biochemical parameters of phospholipids and free fatty acids indicative of an anti-hyperlipidemic effect. Abdominal and epididymidal fat weight were reduced in conjunction with a mild increase in body weight. The level of laminin in HMVEC-C cells or fibronectin in HFD rat hepatocytes was significantly affected by these GAG treatments, which regulated adipogenesis and adipocyte function. Compared to the control rats, IQG-treated rats displayed up-regulation of 87 genes (test:control ratio >2.0) including fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, with the down-regulation of 47 genes including the uridine diphosphate (UDP) glycosyltransferase 2 families, polypeptidase B, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. The data suggest that IQG could potentially prevent or treat fatty liver or hyperlipidemia.
A Combination of Soybean and Haematococcus Extract Alleviates Ultraviolet B-Induced Photoaging
Authors: Shin Jieun , Kim Jong-Eun , Pak Kum-Ju , Kang Jung Il , Kim Tae-Seok , Lee Sang-Yoon , Yeo Ik-Hyun , Park Jung Han Yoon , Kim Jong Hun , Kang Nam Joo , Lee Ki Won
Published: March 2017

Soybean-derived isoflavones have been investigated for their preventative effects against UV-induced symptoms of skin damage including wrinkle formation and inflammation. Haematococcus pluvialis is a freshwater species of Chlorophyta that contains high concentrations of the natural carotenoid pigment astaxanthin. Astaxanthin is known to be involved in retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling and previously been associated with the inhibition of activator protein (AP)-1 dependent transcription. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that a combination of soy extract (SE) and Haematococcus extract (HE) may prevent UVB-induced photoaging through specific signaling pathways, as measured by UVB-induced wrinkling on hairless mice skin and expression changes in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The 1:2 ratio of SE and HE mixture (SHM) showed the optimal benefit in vivo. SHM was found to inhibit wrinkle formation via the downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 mRNA and protein expression. SHM also inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and the transactivation of AP-1 which plays an important role in regulating MMP expression. These results highlight the potential for SHM to be developed as a therapeutic agent to prevent UVB-induced skin wrinkling.
Human Capital and Reemployment Success: The Role of Cognitive Abilities and Personality
Authors: Gnambs Timo
Published: March 2017

Involuntary periods of unemployment represent major negative experiences for many individuals. Therefore, it is important to identify factors determining the speed job seekers are able to find new employment. The present study focused on cognitive and non-cognitive abilities of job seekers that determine their reemployment success. A sample of German adults (N = 1366) reported on their employment histories over the course of six years and provided measures on their fluid and crystallized intelligence, mathematical and reading competence, and the Big Five of personality. Proportional hazard regression analyses modeled the conditional probability of finding a new job at a given time dependent on the cognitive and personality scores. The results showed that fluid and crystallized intelligence as well as reading competence increased the probability of reemployment. Moreover, emotionally stable job seekers had higher odds of finding new employment. Other personality traits of the Big Five were less relevant for reemployment success. Finally, crystallized intelligence and emotional stability exhibited unique predictive power after controlling for the other traits and showed incremental effects with regard to age, education, and job type. These findings highlight that stable individual differences have a systematic, albeit rather small, effect on unemployment durations.
Integration of Electrodeposited Ni-Fe in MEMS with Low-Temperature Deposition and Etch Processes
Authors: Schiavone Giuseppe , Murray Jeremy , Perry Richard , Mount Andrew , Desmulliez Marc , Walton Anthony
Published: March 2017

This article presents a set of low-temperature deposition and etching processes for the integration of electrochemically deposited Ni-Fe alloys in complex magnetic microelectromechanical systems, as Ni-Fe is known to suffer from detrimental stress development when subjected to excessive thermal loads. A selective etch process is reported which enables the copper seed layer used for electrodeposition to be removed while preserving the integrity of Ni-Fe. In addition, a low temperature deposition and surface micromachining process is presented in which silicon dioxide and silicon nitride are used, respectively, as sacrificial material and structural dielectric. The sacrificial layer can be patterned and removed by wet buffered oxide etch or vapour HF etching. The reported methods limit the thermal budget and minimise the stress development in Ni-Fe. This combination of techniques represents an advance towards the reliable integration of Ni-Fe components in complex surface micromachined magnetic MEMS.
An Extract from Shrimp Processing By-Products Protects SH-SY5Y Cells from Neurotoxicity Induced by Aβ25–35
Authors: Zhang Yongping , Jiao Guangling , Song Cai , Gu Shelly , Brown Richard , Zhang Junzeng , Zhang Pingcheng , Gagnon Jacques , Locke Steven , Stefanova Roumiana , Pelletier Claude , Zhang Yi , Lu Hongyu
Published: March 2017

Increased evidence suggests that marine unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) can protect neurons from amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced neurodegeneration. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) assays showed that the acetone extract 4-2A obtained from shrimp Pandalus borealis industry processing wastes contained 67.19% monounsaturated FAs and 16.84% polyunsaturated FAs. The present study evaluated the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of 4-2A in Aβ25–35-insulted differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were measured by using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to study the expression of neurotrophins, pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis-related genes. Administration of 20 μM Aβ25–35 significantly reduced SH-SY5Y cell viability, the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its tyrosine kinase TrkA receptor, as well as the level of glutathione, while increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its TrkB receptor. Aβ25–35 also increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Caspase-3 expression. Treatment with 4-2A significantly attenuated the Aβ25–35-induced changes in cell viability, ROS, GSH, NGF, TrkA, TNF-α, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Caspase-3, except for nitric oxide, BDNF and TrKB. In conclusion, 4-2A effectively protected SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ-induced neuronal apoptosis/death by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress and up-regulating NGF and TrKA expression.
Indoor Positioning System Using Magnetic Field Map Navigation and an Encoder System
Authors: Kim Han-Sol , Seo Woojin , Baek Kwang-Ryul
Published: March 2017

In the indoor environment, variation of the magnetic field is caused by building structures, and magnetic field map navigation is based on this feature. In order to estimate position using this navigation, a three-axis magnetic field must be measured at every point to build a magnetic field map. After the magnetic field map is obtained, the position of the mobile robot can be estimated with a likelihood function whereby the measured magnetic field data and the magnetic field map are used. However, if only magnetic field map navigation is used, the estimated position can have large errors. In order to improve performance, we propose a particle filter system that integrates magnetic field map navigation and an encoder system. In this paper, multiple magnetic sensors and three magnetic field maps (a horizontal intensity map, a vertical intensity map, and a direction information map) are used to update the weights of particles. As a result, the proposed system estimates the position and orientation of a mobile robot more accurately than previous systems. Also, when the number of magnetic sensors increases, this paper shows that system performance improves. Finally, experiment results are shown from the proposed system that was implemented and evaluated.
A Fast Measuring Method for the Inner Diameter of Coaxial Holes
Authors: Wang Lei , Yang Fangyun , Fu Luhua , Wang Zhong , Yang Tongyu , Liu Changjie
Published: March 2017

A new method for fast diameter measurement of coaxial holes is studied. The paper describes a multi-layer measuring rod that installs a single laser displacement sensor (LDS) on each layer. This method is easy to implement by rotating the measuring rod, and immune from detecting the measuring rod’s rotation angles, so all diameters of coaxial holes can be calculated by sensors’ values. While revolving, the changing angles of each sensor’s laser beams are approximately equal in the rod’s radial direction so that the over-determined nonlinear equations of multi-layer holes for fitting circles can be established. The mathematical model of the measuring rod is established, all parameters that affect the accuracy of measurement are analyzed and simulated. In the experiment, the validity of the method is verified, the inner diameter measuring precision of 28 μm is achieved by 20 μm linearity LDS. The measuring rod has advantages of convenient operation and easy manufacture, according to the actual diameters of coaxial holes, and also the varying number of holes, LDS’s mounting location can be adjusted for different parts. It is convenient for rapid diameter measurement in industrial use.
Landscape genomic insights into the historic migration of mountain hemlock in response to Holocene climate change
Authors: Johnson Jeremy S. , Gaddis Keith D. , Cairns David M. , Konganti Kranti , Krutovsky Konstantin V.
Published: March 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Untangling alternative historic dispersal pathways in long‐lived tree species is critical to better understand how temperate tree species may respond to climatic change. However, disentangling these alternative pathways is often difficult. Emerging genomic technologies and landscape genetics techniques improve our ability to assess these pathways in natural systems. We address the question to what degree have microrefugial patches and long‐distance dispersal been responsible for the colonization of mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) on the Alaskan Kenai Peninsula.

METHODS:

We used double‐digest restriction‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) to identify genetic variants across eight mountain hemlock sample sites on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. We assessed genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium using landscape and population genetics approaches. Alternative historic dispersal pathways were assessed using discriminant analysis of principle components and electrical circuit theory.

KEY RESULTS:

A combination of decreasing diversity, high gene flow, and landscape connectivity indicates that mountain hemlock colonization on the Kenai Peninsula is the result of long‐distance dispersal. We found that contemporary climate best explained gene flow patterns and that isolation by resistance was a better model explaining genetic variation than isolation by distance.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings support the conclusion that mountain hemlock colonization is the result of several long‐distance dispersal events following Pleistocene glaciation. The high dispersal capability suggests that mountain hemlock may be able to respond to future climate change and expand its range as new habitat opens along its northern distribution.
INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY EDAS METHOD: AN APPLICATION TO SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SITE SELECTION
Authors: KAHRAMAN Cengiz , KESHAVARZ GHORABAEE Mehdi , ZAVADSKAS Edmundas Kazimieras , CEVIK ONAR Sezi , YAZDANI Morteza , OZTAYSI Basar
Published: March 2017

Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) is a new multicriteria decision making (MCDM) method, which is based on the distances of alternatives from the average scores of attributes. Classical EDAS has been already extended by using ordinary fuzzy sets in case of vague and incomplete data. In this paper, we propose an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy EDAS method, which is based on the data belonging to membership, nonmembership, and hesitance degrees. A sensitivity analysis is also given to show how robust decisions are obtained through the proposed intuitionistic fuzzy EDAS. The proposed intuitionistic fuzzy EDAS method is applied to the evaluation of solid waste disposal site selection alternatives. The comparative and sensitivity analyses are also included.
Spectral Analysis of Non-ideal MRI Modes: The Effect of Hall Diffusion
Authors: Mohandas Gopakumar , Pessah Martin E.
Published: March 2017

The effect of magnetic field diffusion on the stability of accretion disks is a problem that has attracted considerable interest of late. In particular, the Hall effect has the potential to bring about remarkable changes in the dynamical behavior of disks that are without parallel. In this paper, we conduct a systematic examination of the linear eigenmodes in a weakly magnetized differentially rotating gas with a special focus on Hall diffusion. We first develop a geometrical representation of the eigenmodes and provide a detailed quantitative description of the polarization properties of the oscillatory modes under the combined influence of the Coriolis and Hall effects. We also analyze the effects of magnetic diffusion on the structure of the unstable modes and derive analytical expressions for the kinetic and magnetic stresses and energy densities associated with the non-ideal magnetorotational instability (MRI). Our analysis explicitly demonstrates that, if the dissipative effects are relatively weak, the kinetic stresses and energies make up the dominant contribution to the total stress and energy density when the equilibrium angular momentum and magnetic field vectors are anti-parallel. This is in sharp contrast to what is observed in the case of the ideal or dissipative MRI. We conduct shearing box simulations and find very good agreement with the results derived from linear theory. Because the modes under consideration are also exact solutions of the nonlinear equations, the unconventional nature of the kinetic and magnetic stresses may have significant implications for the nonlinear evolution in some regions of protoplanetary disks.
Geographic and Annual Influences on Optical Follow-up of Gravitational Wave Events
Authors: Srivastava Varun , Bhalerao Varun , Ravi Aravind P. , Ghosh Archisman , Bose Sukanta
Published: March 2017

We investigate the effects of observatory location on the probability of discovering optical/infrared (OIR) counterparts of gravitational wave sources. We show that, for the LIGO–Virgo network, the odds of discovering OIR counterparts show some latitude dependence. A stronger effect is seen to arise from the timing of LIGO–Virgo observing runs during the year, with northern OIR observatories having a better chance of finding the counterparts in northern winters. Assuming identical technical capabilities, the tentative mid-2017 three-detector network observing run favors southern OIR observatories for the discovery of electromagnetic counterparts.
An r-process Enhanced Star in the Dwarf Galaxy Tucana III*
Authors: Hansen T. T. , Simon J. D. , Marshall J. L. , Li T. S. , Carollo D. , DePoy D. L. , Nagasawa D. Q. , Bernstein R. A. , Drlica-Wagner A. , Abdalla F. B. , Allam S. , Annis J. , Bechtol K. , Benoit-Lévy A. , Brooks D. , Buckley-Geer E. , Rosell A. Carnero , Kind M. Carrasco , Carretero J. , Cunha C. E. , Costa L. N. da , Desai S. , Eifler T. F. , Neto A. Fausti , Flaugher B. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Gaztanaga E. , Gerdes D. W. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gschwend J. , Gutierrez G. , James D. J. , Krause E. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Lahav O. , Miquel R. , Plazas A. A. , Romer A. K. , Sanchez E. , Santiago B. , Scarpine V. , Smith R. C. , Soares-Santos M. , Sobreira F. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , Walker A. R. ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: March 2017

Chemically peculiar stars in dwarf galaxies provide a window for exploring the birth environment of stars with varying chemical enrichment. We present a chemical abundance analysis of the brightest star in the newly discovered ultra-faint dwarf galaxy candidate Tucana III. Because it is particularly bright for a star in an ultra-faint Milky Way (MW) satellite, we are able to measure the abundance of 28 elements, including 13 neutron-capture species. This star, DES J235532.66−593114.9 (DES J235532), shows a mild enhancement in neutron-capture elements associated with the r-process and can be classified as an r-I star. DES J235532 is the first r-I star to be discovered in an ultra-faint satellite, and Tuc III is the second extremely low-luminosity system found to contain r-process enriched material, after Reticulum II. Comparison of the abundance pattern of DES J235532 with r-I and r-II stars found in other dwarf galaxies and in the MW halo suggests a common astrophysical origin for the neutron-capture elements seen in all r-process enhanced stars. We explore both internal and external scenarios for the r-process enrichment of Tuc III and show that with abundance patterns for additional stars, it should be possible to distinguish between them.
Prenatally Diagnosis and Outcome of Fetuses with Cardiac Rhabdomyoma - Single Centre Experience
Authors: Bejiqi Ramush , Retkoceri Ragip , Bejiqi Hana
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND: Cardiac rhabdomyoma (CRs) are the most common primary tumour of the heart in infants and children. Usually are multiple and, basing on the location can cause a haemodynamic disturbance, dysrhythmias or heart failure during the fetal and early postnatal period. CRs have a natural history of spontaneous regression and are closely associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). It has an association with tuberous sclerosis (TS), and in those, the tumour may regress and disappear completely, or remain consistent in size.
AIM: We aimed to evaluate the prenatal diagnosis, clinical presentation and outcome of CRs and their association with TSC in a single centre. The median follow-up period was three years (range: 6 months - 5 years).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed medical records of all fetuses diagnosed prenatally with cardiac rhabdomyoma covering the period January 2010 to December 2016 which had undergone detailed ultrasound evaluation at a single centre with limited technical resources.
RESULTS: Twelve fetuses were included in the study; mostly had multiple tumours and a total of 53 tumours were identified in all patients - the maximum was one fetus with16 tumours. All patients were diagnosed prenatally by fetal echocardiography. In two patient's haemodynamic disturbances during the fetal period was noted and pregnancies have been terminated. After long consultation termination of pregnancy was chosen by the parents in totally 8 cases. In four continuing pregnancies during the first year of live tumours regressed. TSC was diagnosed in all patients during the follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac rhabdomyoma are benign from the cardiovascular standpoint in most affected fetuses. An early prenatal diagnosis may help for an adequate planning of perinatal monitoring and treatment with the involvement of a multidisciplinary team. Large tumour size, the number of tumours and localisation may cause hydrops, and they are significantly associated with poor neonatal outcome.
Formation ouverte à distance et motivation des apprenants
Authors: Dalmas Michel , Baudier Patricia , Dejoux Cécile
Published: March 2017

Avec l’avènement du numérique, les modes d’acquisition des compétences se sont modifiées. Cet article examine les liens entre la motivation intrinsèque (MI) d’un individu qui s’engage dans une formation ouverte à distance (FOAD) et les bénéfices perçues en termes de confiance en soi dans la résolution de problèmes (RES) et de sentiment d’auto-efficacité personnelle (SE). Une étude quantitative a été menée auprès de 130 apprenants en FOAD en 2014, au CNAM. Les résultats montrent que certaines variables de la MI influencent la RES et le SE.
Vers une responsabilité sociétale intégrée dans la stratégie des écoles de management: Projet de recherche-action avec un réseau d’écoles
Authors: Rive Jérôme , Bonnet Marc , Parmentier Catherine , Pelazzo-Plat Valérie , Pignet-Fall Lorella
Published: March 2017

Cet article traite de problèmes posés par l’intégration de la responsabilité sociétale dans la stratégie et la gestion des écoles de management. Il s’appuie sur la théorie des “stakeholders” pour montrer la création de valeur apportée aux parties prenantes internes et externes des écoles de management. L’hypothèse formulée est que toutes les parties prenantes doivent être prises en compte dans la stratégie d’une école pour renforcer son développement durable, accroître sa légitimité et faire face aux défis de la profession de manière pro-active.
Volumetric characteristics and compactability of asphalt rubber mixtures with organic warm mix asphalt additives
Authors: Rodríguez-Alloza A. M. , Gallego J.
Published: March 2017

Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) refers to technologies that reduce manufacturing and compaction temperatures of asphalt mixtures allowing lower energy consumption and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from asphalt plants. These benefits, combined with the effective reuse of a solid waste product, make asphalt rubber (AR) mixtures with WMA additives an excellent environmentally-friendly material for road construction. The effect of WMA additives on rubberized mixtures has not yet been established in detail and the lower mixing/compaction temperatures of these mixtures may result in insufficient compaction. In this sense, the present study uses a series of laboratory tests to evaluate the volumetric characteristics and compactability of AR mixtures with organic additives when production/compaction temperatures are decreased. The results of this study indicate that the additives selected can decrease the mixing/compaction temperatures without compromising the volumetric characteristics and compactability.
Post-cracking tensile behaviour of steel-fibre-reinforced roller-compacted-concrete for FE modelling and design purposes
Authors: Jafarifar N. , Pilakoutas K. , Angelakopoulos H. , Bennett T.
Published: March 2017

Fracture of steel-fibre-reinforced-concrete occurs mostly in the form of a smeared crack band undergoing progressive microcracking. For FE modelling and design purposes, this crack band could be characterised by a stress-strain (σ-ε) relationship. For industrially-produced steel fibres, existing methodologies such as RILEM TC 162-TDF (2003) propose empirical equations to predict a trilinear σ-ε relationship directly from bending test results. This paper evaluates the accuracy of these methodologies and their applicability for roller-compacted-concrete and concrete incorporating steel fibres recycled from post-consumer tyres. It is shown that the energy absorption capacity is generally overestimated by these methodologies, sometimes up to 60%, for both conventional and roller-compacted concrete. Tensile behaviour of fibre-reinforced-concrete is estimated in this paper by inverse analysis of bending test results, examining a variety of concrete mixes and steel fibres. A multilinear relationship is proposed which largely eliminates the overestimation problem and can lead to safer designs.
Impact of the use of alternative fuels on clinker reactivity
Authors: Serrano-González K. , Reyes-Valdez A. , Chowaniec O.
Published: March 2017

The use of alternative fuels in the cement industry has increased its relevance in the past decades due to their ecological and economic benefits. In concert with the efforts to increase its use, several studies have focused on their potential impact with respect to clinker reactivity and how they could affect the expected physical and mechanical properties. This work studied the effects of five alternative fuels on the reactivity of eight industrial clinker samples, considering several analytical techniques. Differences were identified among the clinker samples after replacing the alternative fuels, mainly with simultaneous eliminations, as in samples S4, S5 and S8. The modifications were related to the polymorph, size and reactivity of tricalcium silicate and to the clinker profile during the hydration process, due to the SO3 consumption rate. These changes were expressed in the higher compressive strengths in comparison with the original reference clinker.
Influencia de las nanopartículas de Ag sobre las propiedades mecánicas y tribológicas y en el efecto citotóxico y bactericida de los recubrimientos de TaN(Ag)
Authors: Echavarría Aida M. , Robledo Sara , Bejarano G. Gilberto
Published: March 2017

En este trabajo se desarrolló el recubrimiento compuesto de TaN(Ag) con una variación del contenido de plata entre 2,26 y 28,51 %at, mediante la técnica de pulverización catódica asistida por campo magnético desbalanceado. Se eligió el recubrimiento que presentó el mejor balance entre propiedades mecánicas y tribológicas, y se sometió a un ciclo de tratamientos térmicos con temperaturas entre 175 °C y 275 °C para producir la nucleación, el crecimiento y difusión controlada de las nanopartículas de Ag hasta la superficie del recubrimiento. Se verificó el tamaño y densidad de distribución de las nanopartículas en la superficie del recubrimiento, y su influencia en las propiedades mecánicas y tribológicas. Posteriormente se estudió el efecto bactericida frente a la bacteria P. aeruginosa mediante las pruebas de inhibición al crecimiento y de adherencia, así como el comportamiento citotóxico del material frente a osteoblastos humanos utilizando el método MTT. El recubrimiento TaN(Ag)-3 tratado térmicamente a 200 °C durante 4 min, incrementó la microdureza del acero inoxidable AISI 316L de 2,6 GPa a 10,7 GPa, y disminuyó la tasa de desgaste de 1.11x10-3 mm3/N.m a 0.17x10-12 mm3/N.m.. Este recubrimiento presentó 100% de viabilidad celular de osteoblastos, y un excelente comportamiento a la inhibición del crecimiento y adherencia de la bacteria P. aeruginosa.
Influencia del argón como gas protector en la difusión durante el proceso de unión de la aleación Ti6Al4V con el aluminio
Authors: Akca Enes , Gursel Ali
Published: March 2017

Este estudio presenta los procesos de difusión durante la unión de aluminio puro con la aleación Ti6Al4V. Se expusieron probetas a las temperaturas de 560, 600 y 640 ºC durante un tiempo de unión de 30, 45 y 60 min en una atmósfera en presencia y ausencia de gas argón. La unión por difusión es un proceso de soldadura entre metales distintos que puede ser aplicado a los materiales sin causar deformaciones físicas. Las probetas procesadas fueron preparadas también metalográficamente, examinadas por miscroscopía óptica, seguido de ensayos de microdureza Vickers para determinar el límite elástico. Se utilizó microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) y espectroscopía de energias dispersivas (EDS) para determinar los cambios en la composición y estudiar la influencia del argón como gas protector en la zona de transición. La influencia más importante se ha observado durante el proceso de difusión en estado sólido.
Archives, Innovation, and the Neomorphic Cyclops
Authors: Mori Anatole
Published: March 2017

This article offers a new interpretation of Stesichorus’ influence on the portrayal of the Cyclops in Theocritus’ Idylls 6 and 11. Stesichorus’ sympathetic treatment of Geryon provides a model for the reinvention of Polyphemus, although the characterization of the latter is more complex and informed by more genres, modes, and perspectives. In what follows I examine the relation between material archives and the rise of new literary forms before considering how tropes and allusions connected with youth, desire, blindness, and vulnerability generate a “neomorphic Cyclops” who, like other Hellenistic etiological constructs, internalizes the archive through the renewal of traditional poetics.