bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new open-access platform for measuring and sharing mTBI data
Authors: Domel August G. , Raymond Samuel J. , Giordano Chiara , Liu Yuzhe , Yousefsani Seyed Abdolmajid , Fanton Michael , Cecchi Nicholas J. , Vovk Olga , Pirozzi Ileana , Kight Ali , Avery Brett , Boumis Athanasia , Fetters Tyler , Jandu Simran , Mehring William M. , Monga Sam , Mouchawar Nicole , Rangel India , Rice Eli , Roy Pritha , Sami Sohrab , Singh Heer , Wu Lyndia , Kuo Calvin , Zeineh Michael , Grant Gerald , Camarillo David B.
Published: April 2021

Despite numerous research efforts, the precise mechanisms of concussion have yet to be fully uncovered. Clinical studies on high-risk populations, such as contact sports athletes, have become more common and give insight on the link between impact severity and brain injury risk through the use of wearable sensors and neurological testing. However, as the number of institutions operating these studies grows, there is a growing need for a platform to share these data to facilitate our understanding of concussion mechanisms and aid in the development of suitable diagnostic tools. To that end, this paper puts forth two contributions: (1) a centralized, open-access platform for storing and sharing head impact data, in collaboration with the Federal Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury Research informatics system (FITBIR), and (2) a deep learning impact detection algorithm (MiGNet) to differentiate between true head impacts and false positives for the previously biomechanically validated instrumented mouthguard sensor (MiG2.0), all of which easily interfaces with FITBIR. We report 96% accuracy using MiGNet, based on a neural network model, improving on previous work based on Support Vector Machines achieving 91% accuracy, on an out of sample dataset of high school and collegiate football head impacts. The integrated MiG2.0 and FITBIR system serve as a collaborative research tool to be disseminated across multiple institutions towards creating a standardized dataset for furthering the knowledge of concussion biomechanics.
Preparation of FeS2/TiO2 nanocomposite films and study on the performance of photoelectrochemistry cathodic protection
Authors: Wang Ning , Wang Jing , Liu Mengnan , Ge Chengyue , Hou Baorong , Liu Nazhen , Ning Yanli , Hu Yiteng
Published: April 2021

FeS2/TiO2 nanotube array composite films with clean, high efficiency, low cost and low consumption were prepared by electrochemical anodization and hydrothermal methods. The modification of FeS2 nanoparticles on the surface of TiO2 nanotube array film not only broadens the light absorption range of TiO2, but also improves the utilization ratio of visible light and the separation rate of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, which greatly improves the photoelectrochemical cathodic protection performance of TiO2 for 304 stainless steel (304SS). Under visible light irradiation, the open circuit potential of 304SS coupled with the FeS2/TiO2 nanocomposite films decreased from − 170 to − 700 mV, and the electrode potential can still maintained at − 400 mV after the light was turned off. Compared with pure TiO2 nanotube array film, FeS2/TiO2 nanocomposite film has better photoelectrochemical cathodic protection effect on 304SS in 3.5 wt% NaCl corrosion medium.
Gut microbiota in mental health and depression: role of pre/pro/synbiotics in their modulation
Authors: Methiwala Hasnain N. , Vaidya Bhupesh , Addanki Vamsi Krishna , Bishnoi Mahendra , Sharma Shyam Sunder , Kondepudi Kanthi Kiran
Published: April 2021

A review of antidepressant mechanismsviagut microbe alterations with insight into how they can provide an alternative to antidepressant therapy without the side effects and risk of adverse drug reactions.
Development of LiMgBO3:Tb3+ as a new generation material for thermoluminescence based personnel neutron dosimetry
Authors: Sen Meghnath , Shukla Rakesh , Pathak Nimai , Bhattacharyya Kaustava , Sathian V. , Chaudhury Probal , Kulkarni Mukund S. , Tyagi Avesh K.
Published: April 2021

LiMgBO3:Tb3+ TL phosphor was systematically developed having better personnel neutron dosimetry properties as compared with the standard LiF:Mg,Ti dosimeter. Neutron irradiated PL and EPR studies delineated the underlying defect induced TL mechanism.
Spodium bonding in five coordinated Zn(ii): a new player in crystal engineering?
Authors: Gomila Rosa M. , Bauzá Antonio , Mooibroek Tiddo J. , Frontera Antonio
Published: April 2021

This highlight evidences the existence and importance of spodium bonds (SpB) in solid state structures involving five-coordinated square-pyramidal Zn(ii) spodium atom.
A facile technique for automatically counting odor-producing algae (Pseudanabaena sp.) in drinking water sources
Authors: Boivin Sandrine , Hasegawa Eri , Yamaguchi Dabide , Fujioka Takahiro
Published: April 2021

The frequent analysis of the 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB)-generating algae, Pseudanabaena sp., for predicting odor occurrence in drinking water sources is a major challenge for many drinking water utilities.
Targeting structural features of viral genomes with a nano-sized supramolecular drug
Authors: Melidis Lazaros , Styles Iain B. , Hannon Michael J.
Published: April 2021

MD simulations and Markov state modeling explore induced fit binding of metallo-helicates to bulges in dynamic TAR RNA, reproduce experimental data, show how RNA conformational flexibility is reduced, and give mechanistic insight into insertion.
A donor–acceptor complex enables the synthesis of E-olefins from alcohols, amines and carboxylic acids
Authors: Chen Kun-Quan , Shen Jie , Wang Zhi-Xiang , Chen Xiang-Yu
Published: April 2021

A visible-light-induced defunctionalization strategy for the synthesis of olefins by using easily available alcohols, amines and carboxylic acids as starting materials is demonstrated.
Recent advances in the preparation and catalytic performance of Mn-based oxide catalysts with special morphologies for the removal of air pollutants
Authors: Peng Chao , Yu Di , Wang Lanyi , Yu Xuehua , Zhao Zhen
Published: April 2021

The recent advances in the preparation of Mn-based oxide catalysts with special morphologies and their catalytic performance for the removal of air pollutants are summarized.
When metal–organic framework mediated smart drug delivery meets gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Hashemzadeh Alireza , Drummen Gregor P. C. , Avan Amir , Darroudi Majid , Khazaei Majid , Khajavian Ruhollah , Rangrazi Abdolrasoul , Mirzaei Masoud
Published: April 2021

Nano-MOFs against cancers of gastrointestinal tract.
Dual emissive dinuclear Pt(ii) complexes and application to singlet oxygen generation
Authors: Shafikov Marsel Z. , Suleymanova Alfiya F. , Kutta Roger J. , Brandl Fabian , Gorski Aleksander , Czerwieniec Rafał
Published: April 2021

Dual emissive dinuclear Pt(ii) complexes showing green fluorescence and infrared phosphorescence stemming from a single chromophoric moiety are reported. The compounds are efficient O2 photosensitizers with 1O2 generation efficiencies of up to 77%.
Using a Question Bank Intervention to Improve Socially Initiated Questions in Adolescents and Adults With Autism
Authors: Koegel Lynn Kern , Koplen Zak , Koegel Brittany , Koegel Robert L.
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have difficulty asking questions during social conversation, which can negatively impact their interactions with peers. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a question bank intervention would be effective in improving question asking during social conversation.

Method

In the context of a multiple-baseline experimental design, we implemented an intervention using prepractice with question banks designed to increase the number and diversity of questions asked by adolescents and adults with ASD during social conversations with their peers.

Results

Following intervention, all participants improved their use of questions in natural settings with their neurotypical peers. Generalization to novel questions occurred, and gains were maintained at follow-up. Finally, supplemental measures of social validity showed that similarly aged neurotypical peers who were naïve to the experimental hypothesis rated two of the three participants with higher social desirability following intervention.

Conclusion

Individuals with ASD can improve their appropriate question asking during social conversation using a brief question bank intervention with generalization to their peers in natural settings.
A singular elliptic equation and a related functional
Authors: Ferone A. , Mercaldo A. , Segura de León S.
Published: April 2021

We study a class of Dirichlet boundary value problems whose prototype is

[see formula in PDF]

where 0 < p < 1 and f belongs to a suitable Lebesgue space. The main features of this problem are the presence of a singular term |u|p−2u and a datum f which possibly changes its sign. We introduce a notion of solution in this singular setting and we prove an existence result for such a solution. The motivation of our notion of solution to problem above is due to a minimization problem for a non–differentiable functional on [see formula in PDF] whose formal Euler–Lagrange equation is an equation of that type. For nonnegative solutions a uniqueness result is obtained.
Influence of hydraulic and organic load on the anaerobic-aerobic dairy wastewater treatment characteristics
Authors: Khabibullin Rustem , Le Huong Thao , Petrov Andrey
Published: April 2021

The performance of the anaerobic-aerobic sequencing labscale reactors for the treatment of a milk processing wastewater was studied. The wastewater flow rate was varied from 78.0 to 149.0 ml•h-1 and organic matter content from 3.8 to 6.8 g COD∙dm-3. This corresponded to the change of dilution rate from 0.4 to 0.8 day-1 and organic loading rate from 1.4 to 2.8 g COD•dm-3•day-1. An increase of hydraulic load reduced the treatment efficiency at the first anaerobic stage from 44.4 to 29.7%, but it was compensated at the aerobic treatment stage. Increasing the organic loading rate improved the treatment efficiency at the anaerobic stage from 44.4 to 54.2%. It was shown that spatial separation of anaerobic stage onto two phases increases the treatment efficiency in anaerobic stage and in whole (85.8 and 98.7%) in comparison to non-separation mode (45.5 and 73.9%, respectively). The correlation analysis of the organic loading rate L, organic consumption rate P and dilution rate D on the treatment efficiency E allowed to obtain the equations can be used for mathematical optimization of the process.
New approaches to the development of construction technologies
Authors: Zolotukhin Sergey , Kukina Olga , Artemova Ekaterina , Eremin Andrey , Volokitin Vladimir , Volokitina Olga
Published: April 2021

The paper presents data on the volume of materials consumed by builders and the carbon dioxide emissions that occur during this process. The reasons for the formation and volume of construction debris are considered. Recycling technologies currently used in the demolition of buildings are associated with crushing. The resulting concrete mix is used only for filling low-level earthworks due to the rapid carbonation of concrete surfaces. The scrap metal formed during crushing is used for remelting, polluting the atmosphere and requiring a large amount of energy. It is proved that due to the low economic and environmental efficiency, this method of recycling is a dead end. Studies have found that the constant increase in the strength of concrete and the absence of a decrease in the strength characteristics of reinforcing steels, stone materials, bricks, which are operated for a long time in favorable temperature and humidity conditions, allows them to be reused. General approaches have been developed that require changes in the existing technologies for the renovation of urban areas, the demolition of individual buildings and structures that currently exist. To reduce CO2 emissions and construction debris, it is enough to increase the volume of gentrification, reconstruction, major repairs, and re-profiling of the existing residential and industrial stock. When demolishing buildings, it is necessary to abandon the method of collapse of building structures with their further fragmentation. The method of piecemeal dismantling with repeated use of materials, products and structures (after determining their strength indicators by specialists), allows you to dramatically reduce the problems of construction debris and carbon dioxide emissions.
Food-sharing in the distributed use economy
Authors: Saginova Olga , Zavyalov Dmitry , Kireeva Natalia , Zavyalova Nadezhda , Saginov Yury
Published: April 2021

Sustainable development values and concepts of responsible consumption, sharing, waste-free production and recycling are becoming more and more popular among organisations and consumers. Though food-sharing has not yet become as popular as car-sharing, it aims to solve important social food policy problems of decreasing food waste and redistributing food to support those in need. Basing on research literature, and publications in business media the paper presents the results of content analysis of materials from food-sharing platforms and websites in Russia. Authors compare foreign best practices, identify the main food-sharing models: exchange with monetary compensation, gratuitous transfer (charity), and food-sharing within the neighbouring community Problems and unresolved food-sharing issues are explained, such as lack of information about available options of food-sharing, low trust of consumers to the quality of food being shared and perception of using charitable food stock as something shameful. The paper maps possible directions for the development of food-sharing considering the existing international experience.
Efficiency of Sales of Edible Eggs by Weight and Categories. Pricing Methodology
Authors: Kavtarashvili Alexey
Published: April 2021

The yields of eggs of various categories from modern highly productive crosses of chickens (SP-789, Lohmann LSL Classic, Lohmann Brown Lite) were studied. The comparative efficiency of the egg sale by weight and categories, the development of a pricing methodology are discussed. It was found that for the considered crosses the first category is the modal class or the class of the highest frequency of occurrence. The average weight, the cost of 1 g of egg weight, and the new selling price of eggs of the first category practically coincide with the average values of these parameters of the general set. The most economically feasible is the sale of edible eggs by weight. However, it requires additional financial investments for the purchase, installation, and maintenance of weighing equipment. In this regard, the author has developed and proposed a methodology for determining the single-piece price sale of eggs of different categories, which makes it possible to increase the income of an enterprise as compared to selling eggs by weight. According to the new methodology the selling price of the first category eggs is taken as a basis for assessing the selling price of eggs of other categories. This value is multiplied by the coefficients for the corresponding categories, which are calculated by dividing the new price of eggs of each category by the new price of eggs of the first category. These coefficients should be developed for each specific cross, taking into account the duration of the productive seasons and the conditions of the farms.
Features and Benefits of Digital Technologies in Agricultural Enterprises
Authors: Kolmykova Tatiana Sergeevna , Obukhova Anna Sergeevna , Klykova Snezhanna Vladimirovna , Mashegov Petr Nikolaevich , Zaitsev Alexey Gennadievich , Popova Olga Vasilevna
Published: April 2021

This article substantiates that innovation is objectively necessary to ensure sustainable development of agricultural enterprises and the agricultural sector. The study notes that the introduction of digital technologies such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, blockchain, artificial intelligence, robotics can be widely applied in the agricultural sector. It is noted that the agricultural has a number of specific features: a variety of biological objects that are affected; various and complex technological processes, distribution of controlled parameters over a large area; high risks of the external environment. In this regard, the use of technologies for working with large data arrays is especially important here. The smart Agriculture concept will allow monitoring the growth of crops, a decision-making system for irrigation and the choice of fertilizers. The main goals of introducing digital technologies into agricultural production are to increase labor productivity, increase the quantity and quality of products. The introduction of digital technologies will make it possible to manage the quality of agricultural products through the introduction of modern breeding and genetic developments, provide an individual approach to the maintenance and feeding of livestock and poultry. The use of digital technologies has a positive environmental effect and will reduce the harmful impact on the environment. Updating the technological base of agricultural production through the use of digital technologies will allow controlling costs and increasing the economic efficiency.
Agrochemical Effects Of Plasma-Treated Wate
Authors: Petryaeva Nadezhda , Andrianova Maria , Korotkov Dmitry , Korotkov Sergey , Spichkin Georgy
Published: April 2021

Plasma-treated water can positively influence on plants, but the effect depends on a type of plasma-generating setup. Experimental setup with rather short time of water treatment was created and biological effects of plasma-treated water produced by it were investigated. The setup generated electric-discharge low-temperature plasma in air bubbles moving through water. Electric discharges were initiated by high voltage pulses with amplitude of ~ 30 kV and rise front ~ 8 mks at frequency up to 500 Hz. After 2-3 minutes of water treatment by the electric-discharge plasma increase of electric conductivity and redox potential, concentrations of nitric acid were observed in water. Treatment of pumpkin, beet and pea seeds in experimental device (together with water) stimulated their germination. Plasma-treated water alone also stimulated germination of pea and bean seeds, increased yield of fruit body mass for oyster mushroom. Allium test showed inhibition of root growth by plasma-treated water due to its low pH, but neutralization with NaOH, Na2CO3 or Ca(OH)2 eliminated this effect. The authors suppose that the created setup can be applied in local crop farms for seeds disinfection and growth stimulation.
Management of Electronic and Electrical Equipment Waste Collection in Municipalities
Authors: Filin Sergey , Kalinina Irina , Maslennikov Vladimir , Ibraimova Saltanat , Velikorossov Vladimir , Chaikovsky Alexey
Published: April 2021

The article considers the justification of the possibility of organizing a waste management system of electronic and electrical equipment dangerous to human health and the environment and the subsequent use of secondary raw materials based on them. The current state of production sector of collection and disposal of waste of electronic and electrical equipment in the EU and Russia was analyzed. A scheme for the organization of a waste management system for electronic and electrical equipment, including the main methods of organization and stages of the cycle of collection and processing of waste in municipalities, forms of organization of work with the population, a formula for calculating the need for the number of necessary vehicles for mobile reception points, has been proposed. It was concluded that at present there is a real opportunity for the implementation in municipalities of a project to create an organization of a waste management system for electronic and electrical equipment, which does not require significant funds from the municipal budget.
Nutritional Regime of the Soil and Growth Activity of the Apple Tree Root System in Orchards with Legume-Cereal Grass Intercropping
Authors: Gurin Aleksandr , Rezvyakova Svetlana , Revin Nikolay
Published: April 2021

This work aims to study the influence of legume-cereal grasses in the inter-row spacings of the garden on the content of nutrients in the soil and the growth of apple tree roots. The amount of nitrate nitrogen was in direct proportion to the ratio of the legume component in the phytocenosis. The nitrogen content in the control option was the smallest: 19.7 mg/kg in the soil layer of 0-30 cm and 13.4 mg/kg in the layer of 30-60 cm. In the case of natural grassing-down between rows, cereal forbs prevailed. The largest amount of nitrate nitrogen was achieved when sowing the red clover and timothy grass in a ratio of 7:3. The accumulation of nitrate nitrogen is due to the activity of nodule bacteria on the roots of red clover. The accumulation of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium depends on the amount of mowed mass in the inter-row spacings of the garden. The lowest content of mobile phosphorus was detected for natural grassing. In the control option, its amount was 118 mg/kg. In the 0-30 cm soil layer, the content of mobile phosphorus was 127.4-142.6 mg/kg depending on the ratio of legume-cereal grasses, and it amounted to 95.1-103.2 mg/kg in the 30-60 cm layer. For the ratio of red clover and timothy grass 3:7, the highest phosphorus content was detected. The intercropping of the garden with a legume-cereal herbal mixture also contributed to a greater accumulation of exchangeable potassium in the soil relative to natural grassing-down - 122.3-134.9 mg/kg. The optimal ratio of legume-cereal component was 3:7. A higher growth activity of the roots of the apple tree was noted in the option with sodding with a mixture of red clover and timothy grass in a ratio of 7:3.
High-temperature multilevel sterilization of canned goods with heat recovery and its constructive and technological support
Authors: Rakhmanova Mafiiat , Demirova Amiiat , Akhmedov Magomed , Azimova Faina , Gadzhibekova Irada , Abdulkhalikov Zaurbek
Published: April 2021

New technical solutions improving the process of thermal sterilization of canned products through the use of multilevel high-temperature modes and heat recovery have been considered and proposed. The essence of the developed method lies in the fact that the heat released by cooling cans with the product that has undergone thermal sterilization is used to heat other cans with the product queued for sterilization. In this mode of heat treatment, except in the last stage, the heat emitted by cooled cans that have already undergone heat treatment is used to heat up the canned food. Hence, the use of the principle of heat recovery by cooling canned products in the baths where others are simultaneously heated provides a significant saving of heat energy and water. Depending on the temperature parameters at different stages of the heat treatment, the heat recovery rate can reach up to 90%. The method also provides savings on cooling water. For the practical implementation of the developed method, the design of the device for multilevel high-temperature thermal sterilization of canned food with heat recovery has been developed. On the basis of experimental studies, new, multilevel high-temperature modes of apple compote sterilization have been developed.
Efficient highly productive new meat cross Smena-9 with federsex maternal parental form
Authors: Emanyilova Zh.V. , Egorova A.V. , Efimov D.N. , Komarov A.A.
Published: April 2021

The paper assesses the efficiency of using the federsex for marker genes K-k maternal parental form and the final broiler hybrid of the new highly productive cross Smena-9 in production conditions. It was found that two-lined chickens of the maternal parental form SM79 have an advantage over the original lines in reproductive qualities (egg production, hatching eggs, hatching, number of chickens per a laying hen) by 1.23-25.6%. Under optimal conditions for feeding and keeping, 138.5 heads of day-old broilers can be obtained from the autosex maternal parental form. During selection of linear poultry, the following indicators of broilers were improved: livability, live weight, dressed weight, yield of pectoral muscles and reduced feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain. The meat yield from one parental pair was 314.8 kg. The taste qualities of broth and poultry meat of the Smena-9 cross are high. The sexing accuracy is 99.8%. Poultry of the federsex maternal parental form and the final hybrid - broilers of the new Russian cross Smena-9 has a high genetic potential and can be successfully used in the production of eggs and meat at enterprises of various types.
Color Temperature of Led Light-Emitting Diodes Lighting Devices and Productivity of Laying Hens
Authors: Gladin Dmitry , Kavtarashvili Alexey
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of different modes of LED lamps color temperature in high-speed lighting conditions 2C:5T:3C:2T:3C:9T on productivity and viability, quality of the cross "Shaver" hens’ eggs. 4 modes of color temperature of radiation were tested: in the 1st group-in all periods of light 3000 K; in the 2nd group-the first and last periods of light 3000 K, the average period of light 5000 K; in the 3rd group-the first and last periods of light 5000 K, the average period of light 3000 K; group 4-the first half of each period of light 3000 K, the second half 5000 K. It was found that in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 with high bird safety (99-100%), egg production per 1 laying hen was 148.6, 141.8, 155.5 and 140.5 pieces; egg weight-61.2, 60.9, 62.3 and 60.9 g; egg weight yield per 1 laying hen-8.99, 8.55, 9.56 and 8.47 kg; feed consumption per 1 kg of egg weight-3.31, 2.43, 2.24 and 2.40 kg. According to the complex of zootechnical indicators, the 3rd group was recognized as the best, which also surpassed other groups in absolute and relative weight of the yolk (15.04 g and 24.35% vs. 14.16-15.04 g and 23.31-24.35%), absolute weight of protein (40.50 g vs. 38.98-39.88 g) and slightly inferior in absolute and relative weight of the shell (6.73 g and 10.78% vs. 6.83-6.92 g and 11.08-11.39%).
Environmental hazard of loparite ore dressing tailings
Authors: Krasavtseva EA , Maksimova VV , Makarov DV
Published: April 2021

Mobilization of environmentally hazardous elements from loparite ore tailings when exposed to various leaching agents was studied in laboratory conditions. Leaching of pollutants from fresh tailings when exposed to atmospheric precipitation and the processes of interaction of mature tailings dust particles (-0.071 mm) with soil water were examined. It was found that in both cases, there is an intensive decomposition of the minerals making up the tailings and conversion of heavy metals (Zn, Mn, Sr) and rare earth elements of the light group (La - Sm) into a dissolved, and therefore bioavailable form. At the same time, the pollutant concentrations were many times higher than the maximum permissible concentrations for fishery water bodies. The results of the experiments indicate the environmental hazard associated with loparite ore concentration tailings due to the pollution of environment with heavy metals and rare earth elements released when the tailings interact with rainwater and soil water.
The influence of biofungicide and chemical fungicides on the manifestation of diseases and the yield of soybeans
Authors: Rezvyakova Svetlana , Eremin Leonid , Matveychuk Petr , Mitina Elena
Published: April 2021

This study aims to improve the technology for protecting soybeans from fungal diseases based on new fungicides. The relevance of research is specified by a significant increase in the area occupied by soybeans and the need to protect crops from diseases. The experimental site is located in the territory of Oryol State Agrarian University (Lavrovo village of Oryol Region, Russia). The crop rotation is grain-fallow, the predecessor is winter wheat. The soil type is dark gray forest medium loamy. Soil acidity is 5.7. It has the following content of macronutrients: 11.5 mg/100 g of soil for P2O5, 10.9 mg/100 g of soil for K2O, 4.1% for humus. The Mezenka soybean was used, seeds of the 1st reproduction. Planting was carried out in the first decades of May 2019 and 2020. We used the Maksim, KS protectant (Fludioxonil, 25 g/l). Fungicides Propuls, SE (Prothioconazole, 125 g/l, Fluopyram, 125 g/l), Vintazh, ME (Difenoconazole, 65 g/l, Flutriafol, 25 g/l) and biofungicide Vitaplan, SP (Bacillus subtilis strain VKM-V-2604D, titer 1010 CFU/g and Bacillus subtilis strain VKM-B-2605D, titer 1010 CFU/g) were used to treat plants at the end of June in the branching phase and again two weeks later in July in the budding phase. The treatment of soybean seeds with the fungicide Maksim, KS helped to protect the crop from fungal diseases until the first ten days of July. Two-fold treatment of crops with biofungicide Vitaplan and chemical fungicides Propuls and Vintazh had a significant impact on the prevalence and development of fungal diseases. The biological effectiveness of chemical fungicides in comparison with biological was higher in the phase of complete formation of beans - the beginning of ripening by 9 and 15%, respectively. In comparison with the control, the increase in the yield of soybeans was 10.4% using Vitaplan, 16.4% using Propuls, 17.9% using Vintazh.
The response of saline-sodic soils to reclamation using biological and organic amendments under arid regions of Egypt
Authors: Hafez Mohamed , Popov Alexander I. , Rashad Mohamed
Published: April 2021

The study focused on investigating the contribution of reclamation strategies of saline-sodic soils and their impacts on soil fertility characteristics. In this study, the soil treatments were denoted as: SG1 and SG2 (23.8 and 47.7 ton/ha of spent grain); TC1 and TC2 (23.8 and 47.6 ton/ha of compost); Azospirillium in inoculation with seed and soil (Az); Az + SG1 (Az+SG1); Az + TC1 (Az+TC1); mineral fertilizers (NPK); and control (CK). All treatments were mixed in pots with 30 kg soil. The results showed that reclamation with Az and SG2 treatments significantly affected soil pH, EC, and macronutrients. In contrast, no significant (P > 0.05) effects were found with the two compost levels and NPK treatments. The salt contents were maximal in the control treatment, while decreased with Az, SG2, and Az+SG treatments. However, SG2 application decreased the soluble Na+ concentrations in soil solution. The effect of organic and biological reclamations on chemical properties was in the following order: Az+SG > SG2 > Az > TC2 > Az+M > SG1 > TC1 > NPK > CK. Moreover, it positively impacted the salt contents, which improved soil chemical properties in the saline-sodic soil after three months of seed sowing in the greenhouse.
Plasma Technologies as the Basis for the Development of Russian Waste Processing
Authors: Filin Sergey , Velikorossov Vladimir , Chaikovskaya Lyubov , Zhussipova Elmira , Yakushev Alexey , Genkin Evgeny
Published: April 2021

The article considers the current topic - justification of the possibility of organizing a system for recycling solid domestic and other waste based on plasma technologies and the subsequent use of secondary raw materials based on them. The current state of production sector of collection and disposal of solid domestic and other waste abroad and in Russia was analyzed. There are proposed a scheme of organization of solid domestic and other waste disposal system based on plasma technologies, operable at the under construction enterprise for processing of these wastes. The economic feasibility of this enterprise is justified. It was concluded that although the use of plasma technologies is most beneficial in the energy sector, when introducing plasma plants and creating solid waste disposal plants using these plants, taking into account the financial benefits in obtaining the raw materials and energy generated by them is not the main task, but an additional economic effect. The main thing is to reduce the negative impact of solid municipal waste on the environment and people.
Soil bacteria as a basis for sustainable development of the environment
Authors: Travkin Vasili , Morudullaev Dilmurod , Artemyeva Irina , Suzina Nataliya , Solyanikova Inna
Published: April 2021

Soil is an inexhaustible source of microorganisms of significant interest to biotechnology. Bacteria are able to control the growth of pathogenic microflora, stimulate plant growth, and decompose pollutants of varying degrees of toxicity. Bacteria make a significant contribution to the cycle of substances. The aim of this work was to isolate aerobic microorganisms from soil samples of two types - forest, without technogenic history, and agro-industrial, and to evaluate their properties. 15 strains of bacteria were isolated from forest soil, of which representatives of the genera Rhodococcus, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter were able to degrade such persistent pollutants as chlorophenols, biphenyl and naphthalene. 77 strains were isolated from chernozem, of which 15 used benzoate as the sole source of carbon and energy. Thus, it has been shown that bacterial strains isolated from both forest and agricultural soil have a certain biodegradative activity, which allows them to reduce the level of pollution.
Thermo-chemical analysis and modeling of combustion of waste pyrolysis gaseous products
Authors: Demin Alexey , Pavlov Grigorii , Khasiyatullov Mansur
Published: April 2021

The results of the study of joint pyrolysis of various types of waste (municipal solid waste, plastic waste, etc.) are presented. Preliminarily crushed and dried wastes were fed into the pyrolysis chamber of the model experimental setup. Thermal energy required for heating raw materials and carrying out their thermal destruction was obtained by burning a part of the pyrolysis gases. The rest of these gases were removed from the pyrolysis chamber and cooled. The temperature in the pyrolysis zone was about 650 °C. Plant productivity was up to 500 kg/h. The target product was the liquid phase, which is a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds. When organizing the processes, the yield of solid carbon residue was minimized. The obtained mass ratio of the final gas/liquid products was approximately equal to 1/6. Experimental results of the analysis of the chemical composition of the gas and liquid fractions are presented. The results of modeling the combustion of pyrolysis products at different amounts of supplied air are also shown. The operating parameters at which the optimum temperature level in the pyrolysis zone is maintained are numerically determined and recommended.
Interaction of banks and development institutions in the system of innovation priorities
Authors: Altukhova Elena , Nikeryasova Veronika , Ivanova Yana
Published: April 2021

The age of new technologies forms a new paradigm for the functioning of the economic system. New living conditions require serious and consistent changes in all areas. The current dynamics of development determines the emergence of new structures and mechanisms of interaction. The driving force behind the implementation of breakthrough technologies is development institutions that facilitate the implementation of new projects. The essential moment in the implementation of new requirements is the priorities of digital development. In this regard, the latest legislative innovations, as well as a number of measures for the restructuring of development institutions have given a new impetus to ensure progressive innovative development. The article discusses new conditions for the development of institutions, and also offers promising areas of interaction between banks and development institutions. The analysis of the models of work of development institutions is carried out. The main forms of financing innovative activities are considered. The mechanisms of interaction of the participants in the process have been determined, including taking into account regional characteristics. Legislative initiatives aimed at stimulating the development of innovations have been analyzed. The formulated proposals will be able to ensure a more dynamic development of innovations, which will allow launching the entire chain of updates in the technological field.
Application of water treatment sludge for obtaining fertile soil
Authors: Sokolov Leonid , Kolobova Svetlana , Silinskiy Viktor
Published: April 2021

The properties of soil obtained from the sludge of water treatment plants were investigated. A new recipe for obtaining soil from peat, river sand and sludge dehydrated with cotton dust was developed. The obtained soil is well structured, resistant to unfavourable mechanical and physical-chemical impacts. It is recommended for creating lawns, planting sports grounds, squares and road slopes. It can be used for filling landfills of solid municipal waste, for strengthening river banks and reservoirs, for soil protection, as well as for production of fertile soils in horticultural and urban farms, when growing vegetables, berries and flowers in greenhouses. The studied soil expands the range of plant nutrient mixtures, is based on the use of available raw materials, and is not difficult to prepare.
Conception et mise en œuvre de l’interdisciplinarité dans les Observatoires hommes-milieux (OHM, CNRS)
Authors: Chenorkian Robert
Published: April 2021

Pour répondre à la complexité des crises socioécosystémiques qui affectent de plus en plus une planète anthropisée et globalisée, l’auteur a conçu et mis en œuvre dans le cadre de l’Institut écologie et environnement (INEE) du CNRS depuis 2007 un dispositif global d’interdisciplinarité : les Observatoires hommes-milieux (OHM, 13 existants en 2019), lauréat du PIA1 par un Labex (DRIIHM) depuis 2012. L’auteur présente ce que signifie dans leur cadre l’interdisciplinarité, en quoi elle se distingue des échanges interdisciplinaires classiquement identifiés, comment elle est conçue et mise en œuvre, du plan théorique au plus pratique. Il donne quelques exemples de réalisations et dans une discussion, positionne ce dispositif et ses principes par rapport aux cadres et dispositifs existants.
Characterizing cognitive problem-solving strategies in patients’ everyday life: The case of patients with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Naudin David , Haliday Heloise , Legrand Chantal , Reach Gérard , Gagnayre Rémi
Published: April 2021

Introduction:Numerous quantitative studies have shown the importance of executive functions (planning, attention, inhibition, and short-term memory) for diabetes treatment compliance. Those studies also point to the paucity of data on action strategies employed by persons with diabetes. The aim of this study is to characterize the action strategies used in six situations typically encountered by persons with Type 1 diabetes (no comorbidities).Methods:This qualitative multiple-case study concerns adult patients with no comorbidities. Eighteen patients were presented with six clinical vignettes portraying emblematic situations and then interviewed. After categorization, the 108 situations were used to produce an intra-case and then an inter-case synthesis.Results:The study identified three groups of patients with three distinct strategies for dealing with a variety of situations. The first group used executive functions to adhere to pre-established patterns and avoid situations of uncertainty, while the second group was more likely to use it to adapt to the unexpected. The third group had no operational routines or habits and few rules. Unable to rely on habits, those patients had to proceed by trial-and-error, thus placing themselves in risky situations.Conclusion:Determining the type of cognitive strategies used by a given patient could be helpful in improving that patient’s self-knowledge. By including a personalized analysis of action strategies and potential alternatives, patient education programs could help patients better prepare for unexpected situations.
Development and preliminary test of a space-resolved vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopy in EAST
Authors: He L. , Zhang H. M. , Lyu B. , Shen Y. C. , Li C. Y. , Yang W. C. , Fu J. , Du X. W. , Wang F. D. , Wang Q. P. , Yin X. H. , Wan S. K. , Bin B. , Li Y. C. , Dai S. Y. , Liu B.
Published: April 2021

The impurity radiation from the divertor region of the EAST tokamak is dominantly in the wavelength range of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) due to the elevated edge electron temperature. A space-resolved VUV spectroscopy is developed to measure impurity radiation in the divertor region. An eagle-type VUV spectrometer with a focal length of 1 m is adopted in this system, equipped with a spherical grating and a charged-coupled device (CCD) detector. The performance of the VUV spectrometer is preliminarily tested on a synchrotron radiation facility. The wavelength calibration is conducted near 65 nm. It is found that the wavelength range observed by the CCD detector is about 11.07 nm around the central wavelength of about 65 nm. With a linear dispersion of 0.0053 nm/pixel, it is possible to measure the ion temperature lower than 20 eV at the edge region by analyzing the Doppler broadening of a carbon line. These test results show that the performance of the VUV spectrometer is capable of measuring divertor radiation and analyzing the ion temperature of edge impurity ions.
High-pressure stability of bcc-vanadium and phase transition to a rhombohedral structure at 200 GPa
Authors: Akahama Yuichi , Kawaguchi Saori , Hirao Naohisa , Ohishi Yasuo
Published: April 2021

The structural stability of transition metal vanadium (V) under high pressure is investigated by using an x-ray diffraction technique combined with a laser annealing method. Although the body-centered cubic (bcc) phase of V showed rhombohedral distortion above 30–69 GPa, as reported in previous studies, with increasing pressure at 298 K, the distortion was eliminated at 58, 118, 119, and 189 GPa by laser annealing up to 2200 K; the bcc phase was observed at room temperature after annealing. These results suggested that the bcc phase is stable up to 189 GPa at room temperature, and the rhombohedral phase with a rhombohedral angle α  >  109.47° of the primitive cell for the bcc lattice reported in existing studies is a metastable phase induced by non-hydrostatic pressure. Furthermore, after annealing at 242 GPa, a new high-pressure phase appeared and coexisted with the bcc phase. From different experimental runs up to 300 GPa at 298 K, the transition to the new high-pressure phase was also confirmed at approximately 200 GPa, and the high-pressure phase was explained to be a new rhombohedral phase with α < 109.47°. The present results verified existing theoretical predictions that the rhombohedral phase with α smaller than 109.47° occurs in V at pressures higher than 100 GPa. The equation of state of the bcc phase at room temperature is also proposed up to 240 GPa.
Theoretical and experimental study of shear mode bulk acoustic wave transformer based on c-axis zigzag ScAlN multilayer for rectenna application
Authors: Kinoshita Sarina , Yanagitani Takahiko
Published: April 2021

The wireless power transfer with rectennas for sensors has attracted much attention in recent years. Although a charge pump is commonly used for voltage transformers in rectennas for RF voltage amplification, it is large, has low efficiency, and has poor impedance matching. Here, we propose small bulk acoustic wave piezoelectric transformers based on c-axis zigzag polarization-inverted ScAlN multilayers. The capacitive impedance ZC of an n-layer c-axis zigzag multilayer resonator is n times larger than that of a single-layer resonator. A piezoelectric transformer can, therefore, be obtained by the combination of a c-axis tilted monolayer and a c-axis zigzag multilayer. Glancing angle-sputtering deposition enabled c-axis highly oriented zigzag multilayer growth. The transformers exhibited an experimental voltage gain approaching +10 dB in the 0.5 GHz range. The experimental results agreed well with the theoretical model calculated using the electromechanical transmission line model, including the effect of the polarization-inverted structure. Furthermore, a simple formula expressing the voltage gain and simple equivalent circuit model for the transformer was derived, which is precise near the resonant frequency. In contrast to the finite element method model, this model described by lumped components makes it possible to simulate easily the entire performance of a rectenna, including an antenna and a rectifier, using a common circuit simulator.
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence: A critical assessment of environmental effects on the singlet–triplet energy gap
Authors: Dhali Rama , Phan Huu D. K. Andrea , Terenziani Francesca , Sissa Cristina , Painelli Anna
Published: April 2021

The effective design of dyes optimized for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) requires the precise control of two tiny energies: the singlet–triplet gap, which has to be maintained within thermal energy, and the strength of spin–orbit coupling. A subtle interplay among low-energy excited states having dominant charge-transfer and local character then governs TADF efficiency, making models for environmental effects both crucial and challenging. The main message of this paper is a warning to the community of chemists, physicists, and material scientists working in the field: the adiabatic approximation implicitly imposed to the treatment of fast environmental degrees of freedom in quantum–classical and continuum solvation models leads to uncontrolled results. Several approximation schemes were proposed to mitigate the issue, but we underline that the adiabatic approximation to fast solvation is inadequate and cannot be improved; rather, it must be abandoned in favor of an antiadiabatic approach.
Novel compact hard x-ray spectrometer with MCps counting rate capabilities for runaway electron measurements on DIII-D
Authors: Dal Molin A. , Fumagalli L. , Nocente M. , Rigamonti D. , Tardocchi M. , Giacomelli L. , Panontin E. , Lvovskiy A. , Paz-Soldan C. , Edietis N. W. , Gorini G.
Published: April 2021

A novel compact spectrometer optimized for the measurement of hard x rays generated by runaway electrons is presented. The detector is designed to be installed in the fan-shaped collimator of the gamma-ray imager diagnostic at the DIII-D tokamak. The spectrometer is based on a 1 × 1 cm2 cerium doped yttrium aluminum perovskite scintillator crystal coupled with a silicon photomultiplier. The detector dynamic energy range is in excess of 10 MeV, with an energy resolution of ∼10% at 661.7 keV. The fast detector signal (≈70 ns full width at half maximum) allows for operation at counting rates in excess of 1 MCps. The gain stability of the system can be monitored in real time using a light-emitting diode embedded in the instrument. The detector is expected to be deployed in the forthcoming DIII-D runaway electron experimental campaign.
Potassium-activated anionic copper and covalent Cu–Cu bonding in compressed K–Cu compounds
Authors: Cao Xuyan , Wan Biao , Liu Hanyu , Wu Lailei , Yao Yansun , Gou Huiyang
Published: April 2021

Elemental copper and potassium are immiscible under ambient conditions. It is known that pressure is a useful tool to promote the reaction between two different elements by modifying their electronic structure significantly. Here, we predict the formation of four K–Cu compounds (K3Cu2, K2Cu, K5Cu2, and K3Cu) under moderate pressure through unbiased structure search and first-principles calculations. Among all predicted structures, the simulated x-ray diffraction pattern of K3Cu2 perfectly matches a K–Cu compound synthesized in 2004. Further simulations indicate that the K–Cu compounds exhibit diverse structural features with novel forms of Cu aggregations, including Cu dimers, linear and zigzag Cu chains, and Cu-centered polyhedrons. Analysis of the electronic structure reveals that Cu atoms behave as anions to accept electrons from K atoms through fully filling 4s orbitals and partially extending 4p orbitals. Covalent Cu–Cu interaction is found in these compounds, which is associated with the sp hybridizations. These results provide insights into the understanding of the phase diversity of alkali/alkaline earth and metal systems.