bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Land–Atmosphere Coupling Behavior in Modern Reanalysis Products over the U.S. Southern Great Plains
Authors: Santanello Joseph A. , Roundy Joshua , Dirmeyer Paul A.
Published: April 2015

The coupling of the land with the planetary boundary layer (PBL) on diurnal time scales is critical to regulating the strength of the connection between soil moisture and precipitation. To improve understanding of land–atmosphere (L–A) interactions, recent studies have focused on the development of diagnostics to quantify the strength and accuracy of the land–PBL coupling at the process level. In this paper, the authors apply a suite of local land–atmosphere coupling (LoCo) metrics to modern reanalysis (RA) products and observations during a 17-yr period over the U.S. southern Great Plains. Specifically, a range of diagnostics exploring the links between soil moisture, evaporation, PBL height, temperature, humidity, and precipitation is applied to the summertime monthly mean diurnal cycles of the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). Results show that CFSR is the driest and MERRA the wettest of the three RAs in terms of overall surface–PBL coupling. When compared against observations, CFSR has a significant dry bias that impacts all components of the land–PBL system. CFSR and NARR are more similar in terms of PBL dynamics and response to dry and wet extremes, while MERRA is more constrained in terms of evaporation and PBL variability. Each RA has a unique land–PBL coupling that has implications for downstream impacts on the diurnal cycle of PBL evolution, clouds, convection, and precipitation as well as representation of extremes and drought. As a result, caution should be used when treating RAs as truth in terms of their water and energy cycle processes.
A Parameterization of the Probability of Snow–Rain Transition
Authors: Sims Elizabeth M. , Liu Guosheng
Published: April 2015

When estimating precipitation using remotely sensed observations, it is important to correctly classify the phase of precipitation. A misclassification can result in order-of-magnitude errors in the estimated precipitation rate. Using global ground-based observations over multiple years, the influence of different geophysical parameters on precipitation phase is investigated, with the goal of obtaining an improved method for determining precipitation phase. The parameters studied are near-surface air temperature, atmospheric moisture, low-level vertical temperature lapse rate, surface skin temperature, surface pressure, and land cover type. To combine the effects of temperature and moisture, wet-bulb temperature, instead of air temperature, is used as a key parameter for separating solid and liquid precipitation. Results show that in addition to wet-bulb temperature, vertical temperature lapse rate affects the precipitation phase. For example, at a near-surface wet-bulb temperature of 0°C, a lapse rate of 6°C km−1 results in an 86% conditional probability of solid precipitation, while a lapse rate of −2°C km−1 results in a 45% probability. For near-surface wet-bulb temperatures less than 0°C, skin temperature affects precipitation phase, although the effect appears to be minor. Results also show that surface pressure appears to influence precipitation phase in some cases; however, this dependence is not clear on a global scale. Land cover type does not appear to affect precipitation phase. Based on these findings, a parameterization scheme has been developed that accepts available meteorological data as input and returns the conditional probability of solid precipitation.
Choice in Public Health Services: A Multilevel Analysis of Perceived Primary Care Doctor Choice in 22 Countries
Authors: Van de Walle Steven , Marien Sofie
Published: April 2015

The introduction of choice in public services, and in health services more specifically, is part of a wider movement to introduce consumerism in health care. We analyze how citizens perceive the availability of choice of primary care doctors in 22 European countries and the factors that influence their opinions using multilevel analyses and data from the European Social Survey (Round 2, 2004; 22 countries, N = 33,375). We distinguish between individual factors and structural or country-level factors. We find that perceptions of having enough choice are not influenced by the opportunity to freely choose primary care doctors, the density of doctors in a country, or the level of health expenditure. Instead, these perceptions are influenced by individual attributes, such as personal health circumstances, age, sex, location of residence (rural or urban), and level of satisfaction with the health system.
Smoke, wind, and that journey upwards: Augustinian reflections on the role of humility in virtue formation
Authors: Herdt Jennifer A
Published: April 2015

Augustine’s training in pagan rhetoric, his classical education, and the productive tensions he experienced between pagan and Christian exemplars played a formative role in his spiritual journey. An examination of the generative aspects of these encounters with otherness yields insights for our own understanding, not just of the importance to ethical formation of loyalty to community and tradition, but also of reason-giving practices that extend across communities—practices that thrive when cultivated with Augustinian humility. Turning to Augustine can help us transcend the divide between traditionalist defenders of “character education” and liberal defenders of critical reflection and autonomy.
Impact of comorbidities on overall survival in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: results of the randomized CML Study IV
Authors: Saußele Susanne , Krauß Marie-Paloma , Hehlmann Rüdiger , Lauseker Michael , Proetel Ulrike , Kalmanti Lida , Hanfstein Benjamin , Fabarius Alice , Kraemer Doris , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Bentz Martin , Staib Peter , de Wit Maike , Wernli Martin , Zettl Florian , Hebart Holger F. , Hahn Markus , Heymanns Jochen , Schmidt-Wolf Ingo , Schmitz Norbert , Eckart Michael J. , Gassmann Winfried , Bartholomäus Andrea , Pezzutto Antonio , Leibundgut Elisabeth Oppliger , Heim Dominik , Krause Stefan W. , Burchert Andreas , Hofmann Wolf-Karsten , Hasford Joerg , Hochhaus Andreas , Pfirrmann Markus , Müller Martin C.
Published: April 2015

Key Points

There is a strong negative association between comorbidities at diagnosis and overall survival. There is no negative effect of comorbidities on remission rates and progression to advanced phases in CML.
Benchmark datasets for 3D MALDI- and DESI-imaging mass spectrometry
Authors: Oetjen Janina , Veselkov Kirill , Watrous Jeramie , McKenzie James S , Becker Michael , Hauberg-Lotte Lena , Kobarg Jan Hendrik , Strittmatter Nicole , Mróz Anna K , Hoffmann Franziska , Trede Dennis , Palmer Andrew , Schiffler Stefan , Steinhorst Klaus , Aichler Michaela , Goldin Robert , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , von Eggeling Ferdinand , Thiele Herbert , Maedler Kathrin , Walch Axel , Maass Peter , Dorrestein Pieter C , Takats Zoltan , Alexandrov Theodore
Published: April 2015

Background

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical chemistry technique for the 3D molecular analysis of a tissue specimen, entire organ, or microbial colonies on an agar plate. 3D-imaging MS has unique advantages over existing 3D imaging techniques, offers novel perspectives for understanding the spatial organization of biological processes, and has growing potential to be introduced into routine use in both biology and medicine. Owing to the sheer quantity of data generated, the visualization, analysis, and interpretation of 3D imaging MS data remain a significant challenge. Bioinformatics research in this field is hampered by the lack of publicly available benchmark datasets needed to evaluate and compare algorithms.

Findings

High-quality 3D imaging MS datasets from different biological systems at several labs were acquired, supplied with overview images and scripts demonstrating how to read them, and deposited into MetaboLights, an open repository for metabolomics data. 3D imaging MS data were collected from five samples using two types of 3D imaging MS. 3D matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging (MALDI) MS data were collected from murine pancreas, murine kidney, human oral squamous cell carcinoma, and interacting microbial colonies cultured in Petri dishes. 3D desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) imaging MS data were collected from a human colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Conclusions

With the aim to stimulate computational research in the field of computational 3D imaging MS, selected high-quality 3D imaging MS datasets are provided that could be used by algorithm developers as benchmark datasets.
VirAmp: a galaxy-based viral genome assembly pipeline
Authors: Wan Yinan , Renner Daniel W , Albert Istvan , Szpara Moriah L
Published: April 2015

Background

Advances in next generation sequencing make it possible to obtain high-coverage sequence data for large numbers of viral strains in a short time. However, since most bioinformatics tools are developed for command line use, the selection and accessibility of computational tools for genome assembly and variation analysis limits the ability of individual labs to perform further bioinformatics analysis

Findings

Findings: We have developed a multi-step viral genome assembly pipeline named VirAmp, which combines existingV tools and techniques and presents them to end users via a web-enabled Galaxy interface. Our pipeline allows users to assemble, analyze, and interpret high coverage viral sequencing data with an ease and efficiency that was not possible previously. Our software makes a large number of genome assembly and related tools available to life scientists and automates the currently recommended best practices into a single, easy to use interface. We tested our pipeline with three different datasets from human herpes simplex virus (HSV).

Conclusions

VirAmp provides a user-friendly interface and a complete pipeline for viral genome analysis. We make our software available via an Amazon Elastic Cloud disk image that can be easily launched by anyone with an Amazon web service account. A fully functional demonstration instance of our system can be found at http://viramp.com/. We also maintain detailed documentation on each tool and methodology at http://docs.viramp.com.
Resistin – 420 C/G polymorphism and serum resistin level in Iranian patients with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Takhshid Mohammad Ali , Zare Zinab
Published: April 2015

Background

Resistin is a circulating adipokine with insulin-antagonizing effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) -420C > G in the resistin gene with serum resistin levels, insulin resistance, and risk of gestational diabetes (GDM) in Iranian population.

Method

75 GDM patients and 70 healthy pregnant women were enrolled in this study. Genotyping for SNP- 420C > G in the resistin gene was performed by the polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Serum resistin and insulin were measured by immunoassay. Blood glucose levels and lipid profile were measured by enzymatic methods. Homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated.

Result

GG genotype and G allele of SNP-420C > G were more frequent in GDM patients compared to non-GDM subjects. Serum resistin level was similar in GDM and non-GDM patients. The serum levels of resistin in GDM and non-GDM women with GG genotype were similar to those with GC + CC genotype. Multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for confounding factors showed a higher susceptibility to GDM in patients with GG genotype compared to subjects with GG + GT genotype (odds ratio = 4.59, 95% CI; 1.96-10.71, p = 0.00). Serum resistin level was correlated with serum triglyceride, total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (p < 0.05) in GDM patients. No significant association was found between serum resistin, insulin resistance, and SNP-420C > G.

Conclusion

The SNP-420C/G of resistin gene is associated with genetic susceptibility to GDM in our population. Further studies are necessary to confirm the role of this polymorphism in pathogenesis of GDM and to explore potential mechanisms by which it modulates susceptibility to GDM.
Abundance and diversity of amphipods (Crustacea: Peracarida) on shallow algae and seagrass in lagoonal ecosystem of the Mediterranean Tunisian coast
Authors: Zaabar Wahiba , Zakhama-Sraieb Rym , Charfi-Cheikhrouha Faouzia , Achouri Mohamed Sghaïer
Published: April 2015

Background

Bizerte lagoon is a semi-enclosed marine ecosystem, where various types of human activities have been developed. To investigate the distribution and temporal variation of amphipod assemblage, monthly sampling was conducted at the Menzel Jemil site from October 2009 to September 2010.

Results

A total number of 3,620 specimens were collected from floating algae and seagrass allowing the identification of 10 amphipod species. Moreover, several indices, species richness, dominance, mean density, and diversity index were estimated to characterize the amphipode assemblage. Gammarus aequicauda was the most dominant species in all seasons. In addition, the minimum and maximum values of species richness of amphipod were observed in January (3 species) and April (8 species), respectively. The mean density and species richness were negatively correlated with plant biomass. Mean Shannon index (H′) and evenness (J′) were 1.62 ± 0.34 and 0.67 ± 0.16, respectively. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis based on the mean species density showed three seasonal groups of samples. Therefore, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) made it possible to summarize the overall situation for the species, monthly sampling, and environmental parameters on a single graph.

Conclusions

Thus, the temperature, turbidity, and chlorophyll a content are the most often reported factors for the distribution and structure of amphipods in the Bizerte lagoon.
Facts and Figuring: An Experimental Investigation of Network Structure and Performance in Information and Solution Spaces
Authors: Shore Jesse , Bernstein Ethan , Lazer David
Published: April 2015

Using data from a novel laboratory experiment on complex problem solving in which we varied the structure of 16-person networks, we investigate how an organization’s network structure shapes the performance of problem-solving tasks. Problem solving, we argue, involves both exploration for information and exploration for solutions. Our results show that network clustering has opposite effects for these two important and complementary forms of exploration. Dense clustering encourages members of a network to generate more diverse information but discourages them from generating diverse theories; that is, clustering promotes exploration in information space but decreases exploration in solution space. Previous research, generally focusing on only one of those two spaces at a time, has produced an inconsistent understanding of the value of network clustering. By adopting an experimental platform on which information was measured separately from solutions, we bring disparate results under a single theoretical roof and clarify the effects of network clustering on problem-solving behavior and performance. The finding both provides a sharper tool for structuring organizations for knowledge work and reveals challenges inherent in manipulating network structure to enhance performance, as the communication structure that helps one determinant of successful problem solving may harm the other.
Research Roundup
Authors: Clabburn Oliver
Published: April 2015

Oliver Clabburn provides a synopsis and brief review of a selection of recently published research articles of interest to neuroscience nurses, highlighting the key points to keep you up to date. A full reference is provided for those who wish to read the research in more detail.
Memory assessment software in a dementia clinic: a pilot study using improvement science
Authors: Leroi Iracema , Hendry Ann Marie , Critcher Sandra , Chavunduka Barbara , Allen Tom
Published: April 2015

Background:

The pressure on memory assessment services in the UK to undertake an increasing number of new patient assessments is growing. Digital assessment tools delivered on hand-held electronic devices, such as tablets, may optimise the efficiency, accuracy and usefulness of remote cognitive assessments.

Aim:

To pilot the introduction of cognitive assessment software delivered on tablets in domiciliary-based memory assessments.

Methods:

Using the principles of improvement science (IS), the authors undertook a 12-month prospective technology introduction study, using a change package with an interrupted time series design. New tablet-based auto-scoring assessment software was systematically introduced in one mental health Trust in the North West UK to improve the efficiency of the assessment and report preparation process. Changes involved incrementally adapting the software with assessment nurses in a series of ‘Plan Do Study Act’ (PDSA) cycles evaluated with time series run charts.

Results:

Application of the final version of the software reduced the mean time taken to score and prepare the clinical assessment report by nearly 84% from the baseline (a median improvement of 77.5 minutes). This equates to a substantial increase in the number of new assessments that could be undertaken per year due to increased availability of front-line care.

Conclusion:

Introducing tablet-compatible assessment software for home-based memory clinics significantly increases the efficiency of the process and may facilitate more rapid turnover of new patient referrals. IS methods have potential to aid the introduction of new technology to improve dementia care.
Orthoses to improve rehabilitation after stroke
Authors: Jilks Helen , Seccombe Steve
Published: April 2015

The term ‘orthosis’ applies to an external device which is worn to aid function and mobility, reduce pain and accommodate deformities. This includes several types of devices from a simple wrist brace to highly complex bespoke devices such as a knee-ankle-foot orthosis. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the role of orthotists, to discuss the important use of orthotics immediately following a stroke and to raise awareness of orthotic services, which will improve both the quality outcomes and service to the patient.
Managing teams: working with people to get results
Authors: Dallas Heather
Published: April 2015

This article discusses how to manage teams to get results, motivate team members to achieve their full potential, and enhance your skills as a manager
Are you a team player?
Authors: Talati Shilla
Published: April 2015

Be part of an incredibly powerful team by sharing experiences and attitudes for the practice's success and growth. Sharing a united vision between your colleagues can create a powerful team
Delivering a quality careers programme
Authors: Bannister Richard
Published: April 2015

Numerous reports have raised fears about the quality of careers advice. Principal Richard Bannister shares his advice for raising standards in schools by engaging with external expertise
A skill-set for higher education
Authors: Greenhough Clive
Published: April 2015

How can co-curricular activities widen access to higher education? Teacher Clive Greenhough discusses the findings of new research showing the increasing importance of a broad range of skills
Using the ability model to design and implement a patient care plan
Authors: Nelson Debbie , Welsh Perdi
Published: April 2015

The introduction of models of nursing and holistic care concepts into the veterinary nursing literature is enabling veterinary nurses to develop their patient care skills and advance their professional role. In line with recently published literature, the primary author's experience of designing and implementing a nursing care plan for a hospitalised patient strengthened the bond between all those involved with the patient and provided an individually tailored plan of veterinary nursing care. The process did highlight some complications associated with nursing care plans, such as excessive documentation but it was found that overall, the introduction of a nursing care plan improved patient care and provided improved structure to the nursing process. It is suggested that the veterinary nursing team should collaborate to adapt the nursing care plan in order to improve its efficiency within the practice. By introducing further continued professional development on models of care, the veterinary profession can utilise the holistic benefits of care plans to enhance patient care and empower veterinary nurses in their day to day routine.
Effects of oxyclozanide (TremacidÂ®) preparation against fascioliasis on clinical and haematological parameters in cattle of Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Naim , Islam Md , Howlader Matiar , Lucky Nasrin
Published: April 2015

The effects of Oxyclozanide (TremacidÂ®) on some clinical (body weight) and haematological parameters (TEC, Hb, PCV, ESR and TLC) were determined in this study. Among 55 cattle, 10 were selected, which were suffering from fascioliasis and divided randomly into two groups. Each group was consisting of five cattle. One was treated with TremacidÂ® @ (15 mg/kg body weight). Other was kept as an infected control group. Before trials with TremacidÂ® initial body weight, EPG of liver fluke and hematological parameters were examined. During the experimental period the faecal samples, clinical and hematological parameters were examined on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days for the determination of effects of TremacidÂ®. A significant reduction of EPG count was found on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of TremacidÂ® (61.87%, 71.22%, 76.98% and 84.53%) in a treated cattle group. The EPG of an untreated control group was significantly (p<0.01) increased about 3.97%, 7.64%, 11.04% and 64.89% respectively. Total TEC was increased after treatment with TremacidÂ® and decreased in an untreated control group significantly (p<0.01), Likewise, after treatment with TremacidÂ® Hb content and PCV were increased, and ESR was decreased. Total leukocyte count (TLC) was decreased and the body weight was increased after TremacidÂ® treatment in the group A. On the other hand, Hb content PCV and body weight was decreased significantly (p<0.01) in the group B.
Influence of bioremediation stimulators in soil on development of oat seedlings (Avena sativa) and their aminopeptidase activity / Wpływ pozostałości substancji ropopochodnych w glebie na rozwój owsa i aktywność aminopeptydazową
Authors: Pawełczak Małgorzata , Dawidowska-Marynowicz Barbara , Oszywa Bartosz , Koszałkowska Magdalena , Kręcidło Łukasz , Krzyśko-Łupicka Teresa
Published: April 2015

The selection of bioremediation techniques is important for purification of contaminated soil for agricultural use. Studies on soil contaminated with petroleum substances have indicated that the applied method of remediation has a bigger impact on the development of oat seedlings than the level of contamination. A yeast inoculum appeared to be a technique which was the friendliest to vegetation of oat
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Temperature, Relative Humidity and Air Velocity in a Parallel Milking Parlour During Summer Period
Authors: Herbut Piotr , Angrecka Sabina , Nawalany Grzegorz , Adamczyk Krzysztof
Published: April 2015

The research aimed at determining the most significant parameters affecting the microclimate of milking parlours, such as temperature, relative humidity and air movement in a parallel milking parlour in real operating conditions. The research was conducted in the summer period, when the risk of heat stress in cattle is higher. To check welfare of cows during milking, days with air temperature >25°C and days with temperature equal or lower than 25°C were analysed. Observation and analysis were performed for air flow in milking parlour, range of supplied air stream and how air movement affects cattle. It was observed that the irregular distribution of air movement led to the development of diverse air velocity in different zones of the milking parlour (0.2-9.0 m∙s-1). As a consequence, the conditions inside the barn were not homogenous for all the cattle. A significant effect of the cows and external air temperature (which depends indirectly on orientation of the milking parlour relative to cardinal directions) on temperature increase (approx 6°C) was concluded, with relative air humidity at the level of 85-90%, during the milking, which led to systematic decrease of microclimatic comfort for cattle. Based on the conducted research, it was concluded that the design of ventilation systems in parallel milking parlours should be preceded by increased research not only on ventilation system efficiency but also on the distribution of flow ventilated air.
The Effect of Season and Meteorological Stress Factors on Behavioural Responses and Activities of Donkeys (Equus Asinus) – A Review
Authors: Zakari Friday Ocheja , Ayo Joseph Olusegun , Kawu Mohammed Umar , Rekwot Ibrahim
Published: April 2015

The review examines the adaptation of donkeys to arid conditions, and the impact of meteorological stress on performance and welfare in donkeys. The impact of season, including meteorological and nutritional factors, on the behavioural responses and welfare of donkeys was also reviewed. Season influences the adaptation and behaviour of donkeys as they are subjected to uses, and the modulating role of feed availability on the grazing behaviour of donkeys was also examined. It is concluded that season, as influenced by meteorological stress conditions, modulates the behaviour, welfare and grazing of donkeys.
Nanostructural Biochemical Modification Of Flax Fiber In The Processes Of Its Preparation For Spinning
Authors: Koksharov Sergey , Aleeva Svetlana , Lepilova Olga
Published: April 2015

The elaborated principles of nanoengineering of linen textile materials implement the techniques of spatially localized effects of protein catalysts on polymeric cellulose companions with selective splitting of impurity compounds without damaging technologically necessary nano-sized formations of binders in the fiber structure. The ranges of optimal values of the residual content in flax fiber prepared for spinning are identified on the basis of the analysis of the successive stages of enzymatic and peroxide treatments contribution to the breakdown of polymers and the differentiation of the influence of impurities on the yarn technological properties. The recommended level of residual pectin, lignin and hemicellulose (wt. %) is: after enzymatic treatment P1 = 1,0±0,1; L1 = 3,9±0,3; Hc1 = 11,0±1,0; after peroxide bleaching P2 = 0,4±0,05; L2 = 2,3±0,3; Hc2 = 7,5±0,5. The required level of fiber structural modification at the stage of preparing roving for spinning can be achieved through use of protein catalysts whose globule size is 50...100 nm. The use of enzymes with these dimensional characteristics helps to ensure breaking of polymer adhesives on the surface of incrusts and in the areas of intercellular formations, which hinder fiber crushing, without damaging nano-sized binding fractions. The implementation of this method contributes to a significant improvement in the uniformity of structural and physical and mechanical properties of flax yarn. Increase in yarn fineness and strength properties of semi-finished products, as well as improvement of deformation properties and reduction of yarn breakages during the spinning processes are achieved.
Genetic Typing of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and Identification of a New Subtype in Poland
Authors: Kuta Aleksandra , Polak Mirosław P. , Larska Magdalena , Żmudziński Jan F.
Published: April 2015

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was developed for genetic typing of Polish strains of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). The method was applied using 60 BVDV isolates, which included BVDV genotype 1, subtypes a, b, d, e, f, and g, and genotype 2a. RT-PCR products of the 5’untranslated region (5’UTR) were digested using three enzymes. Restriction patterns classified the strains into seven groups, each with a specific and different pattern from other subtypes. These findings were confirmed by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The results suggest that RFLP analysis is a simple, reliable, and fast genotyping method for BVDV strains in comparison with sequencing. This method can distinguish six subtypes of BVDV-1 including a new subtype 1e, identified exclusively by this method, and it allows differentiation of BVDV-1 from BVDV-2 genotype.
Leptospirosis in Cattle From Markets of Almaty Province, Kazakhstan
Authors: Kirkimbayeva Zhumagul , Lozowicka Bozena , Biyashev Kadyr , Sarsembaeva Nurzhan , Kuzembekova Gulnur , Paritova Assel
Published: April 2015

This paper is the first study of the prevalence of leptospirosis in the cattle at slaughter from a rural area of Kazakhstan. Five hundred and seventy three samples of serum, urine, and kidneys from cattle of Alatau, Kazakh white and Auliyekol breed, aged from 2 to 5 years (unknown vaccination status), from the province of Almaty in the South-Eastern region were collected during four years (March 2010 to October 2013). The serological, bacteriological, and molecular analyses were performed. Serum samples were tested with 14 reference Leptospira serovars by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). MAT results showed that 89 (15.53%) serum samples had detectable antibodies against seven serovars of L. interrogans at a dilution of ≥1:100. Serovars: Pomona (38.2%), Tarassovi (27.2%), and Kabula (18.8%) were the most prevalent and their titres ranged from 100 to 1200. The spirochetes were detected in 11 samples of urine and nine samples of kidneys under dark-field microscope observation. The pure cultures were obtained from three samples. PCR technique confirmed leptospirosis in 23 out of 89 urine samples from cows, which showed the presence of leptospiral antibodies in microagglutination test. The high disease prevalence in cows indicates the high Leptospira contamination in this area. It was concluded that the bovine leptospirosis is an endemic and locally widespread disease in Kazakhstan, and that it may play a role in zoonotic transmission to humans.
Effect of Selenium and Vitamin E Supplementation on Semen Quality in Dogs with Lowered Fertility
Authors: Domosławska Anna , Zduńczyk Sławomir , Niżański Wojciech , Jurczak Andrzej , Janowski Tomasz
Published: April 2015

Thirty clinically healthy dogs with poor semen quality were used in the study. Fifteen dogs were supplemented daily with selenium (0.6 mg/kg organic selenium from yeast) and vitamin E (5 mg/kg) per os for 60 d. The control group (15 dogs) was not supplemented. Semen was collected from all dogs by manual manipulation on days 0, 30, 60, and 90. The sperm concentration and motility parameters were evaluated with a Hamilton Thorne sperm analyser, version IVOS 12.3. For the assessment of sperm morphology, Diff-Quik stain was used. The percentage of live and dead spermatozoa was estimated on dried smears stained with eosin-nigrosin. The concentration of spermatozoa, most motility parameters determined (PMOT, VSL, VCL, ALH, BCF, RAPID, MEDIUM, SLOW, and STATIC), and the percentage of spermatozoa morphologically normal and live increased significantly (P < 0.05) after 60 d of supplementation. In the control group, there were no changes in motility parameters while the concentration and total sperm count decreased over the duration of the study. In conclusion, supplementation with selenium and vitamin E for 60 d can improve the quality of semen in dogs with lowered fertility.
Intravaginal Administration of Sildenafil Citrate Increases Blood Flow in the Bovine Uterus
Authors: Dzięcioł Michał , Noszczyk-Nowak Agnieszka , Michlik Katarzyna , Niżański Wojciech , Dejneka Grzegorz
Published: April 2015

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of sildenafil citrate administrated intravaginaly on the blood flow in the bovine uterus during dioestrus. Uterine blood flow was examined in six healthy adult cows. Sildenafil was administrated intravaginaly to each co w between the 6th and 8th d of the ovarian cycle, in the form of vaginal suppositories containing 100 mg of active substance at a dose of 100, 200, or 300 mg per animal. Uterine perfusion was estimated by the colour Doppler examination, and obtained results were analysed with the Pixel Flux Software (Chameleon, Germany). Moreover, cardiovascular parameters were also evaluated. Animals were examined before and five times after drug application (two times at 15 min intervals, and three times at 2 h intervals). A placebo suppository was also given to the cows. The analysis of the intensity and velocity of blood flow in the uterus proved that sildenafil administrated intravaginaly significantly increased blood flow in the uterus and the effect of increased perfusion was observed for 4 h and 30 min after administration. The effect of increased uterine perfusion was observed after low as well as high doses of sildenafil. Significant changes in the cardio-vascular parameters were not detected. There were no changes in the uterine perfusion as well as in cardiovascular parameters after placebo administration.
Treatment of Ovarian Cysts in Dairy Cows with Simultaneous Administration of GnRH and PGF2α has no Clear Advantage Over the Use of GnRH Alone
Authors: Rudowska Małgorzata , Barański Wojciech , Socha Piotr , Zduńczyk Sławomir , Janowski Tomasz
Published: April 2015

The aim of the study was to determine the therapeutic efficacy o f simultaneous administration of GnRH and PGF2α in dairy cows with ovarian cysts. Ovarian cyst-affected dairy cows were divided into two experimental groups: 54 cows treated with GnRH and PGF2α, and 42 cows treated with GnRH alone, whereas 22 untreated cows served as the control group. Clinical response and reproductive performance were evaluated. The cumulative disappearance was better in treated cows than in the control group; however, there were no differences between the treatment groups (92.6; 95.2% vs. 72.3%). The mean interval from calving to conception was not significantly shorter (being so by 29 d) in the GnRH/PGF2α group than in the cows treated with GnRH alone (P > 0.05). The intervals from treatment to conception were also similar in these groups. The pregnancy rate in both treated groups was similar (62%) and higher than in the control cows (53%). In the cows with luteal cysts, the total pregnancy rate was higher in all experimental groups; however, only in GnRH-treated cows was this difference statistically significant (77.8% vs. 50.0%, P < 0.05). With time after parturition, the pregnancy rate decreased in all groups. In general, the cows treated with GnRH and PGF2α simultaneously displayed a good clinical response and slight improvement in reproductive performance compared to the single-therapy GnRH group; however, this was not fully convincing.
Improvement of Large Animal Model for Studying Osteoporosis
Authors: Kiełbowicz Zdzisław , Piątek Anita , Bieżyński Janusz , Skrzypczak Piotr , Chmielewska Ewa , Kafarski Paweł , Kuryszko Jan
Published: April 2015

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of steroidal medications on the structure and mechanical properties of supporting tissues of sheep under experimentally-induced osteoporosis. A total of 21 sheep were used, divided into three groups: a negative control (KN) (n = 3), a positive control (KP) (n = 3) with ovariectomy, and a steroidal group (KS) (n = 15) with ovariectomy and glucocorticosteroids. All animals were kept on a low protein and mineral diet and had limited physical activity and access to sunlight. Quantitative computed tomography was the examination method. The declines in the examined parameter values in the KS group were more than three times higher than in the KN group. The study suggests that a glucocorticosteroidal therapy accelerates and intensifies processes taking place in the course of osteoporosis. The combination of glucocorticosteroids with ovariectomy, a restrictive diet, limited physical activity, and no access to sunlight leads to a decrease in radiological bone density.
Galanin - Immunoreactive Nerve Fibers in the Mucosal Layer of the Canine Gastrointestinal Tract During Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Rychlik Andrzej , Gonkowski Sławomir , Nowicki Marcin , Całka Jarosław , Szweda Marta
Published: April 2015

The effect of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on the density of galanin - immunoreactive (GAL-IR) nerve fibers was determined in the mucosa of canine duodenum, jejunum, and descending colon. Fiber density was evaluated by a single immunofluorescence method in biopsy specimens obtained from healthy dogs and patients with variable severity of the disease. The density of GAL-IR nerve fibers was determined by the semi-quantitative method by counting fibers in the field of view (0.l mm2). Fiber density was higher in dogs with moderate and severe IBD than in healthy animals. The results of the study suggest that GAL present in intestinal nerve fibers could play a role in the pathogenesis and development of canine IBD.
Effects of Intrathecal Administration of Ketamine HCl in Young Calves: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Kilic Engin , Yayla Sadik , Kamiloglu Alkan , Baran Vedat , Ogun Metin
Published: April 2015

The purpose of the study was to investigate the clinical, biochemical, and cardiovascular effects of intrathecal (IT) administration of ketamine HCl in calves. The study was performed on seven Simmental and three Montofon calves, 1.70 ± 1.16 weeks old, weighing approximately 37 kg, undergoing surgical procedures including femur fracture repair (one case), atresia anus (five cases), prolapsed rectum (one case), suturing on rear limbs (two cases), and urethrostomy (one case). After administering IT ketamine HCl at a dose of 3 mg/kg to all calves, the level and depth of the anaesthesia was checked with a pin-prick test. Each animal was monitored by recording heart rate, arterial blood pressure, respiratory rates, and rectal temperature. Furthermore, certain biochemical parameters, blood gases, oxygen-total haemoglobin, and electrolyte levels were measured. All data were statistically evaluated using Minitab 16 software. Anaesthesia occurred in all calves at an average of 5.00 ± 1.41 min (range: 3-7) and continued for an average of 61.4 ± 40 min (range: 55-70). Sufficient anaesthesia was achieved in all animals for the required operations, and no complications occurred with regard to clinical and haemodynamic measurements. We concluded that in calves, which are not deemed suitable for administration of local anaesthetic via IT due to certain side effects, sufficient anaesthesia can be provided with ketamine by the same method for operations performed in the perineal area and hind extremities, and that this could be a good alternative for anaesthesia under field conditions.
Formation of a vanillic Mannich base – theoretical study
Authors: Petrović Vladimir P. , Simijonović Dušica , Petrović Zorica D. , Marković Svetlana
Published: April 2015

One-pot anti-Mannich reaction of vanillin, aniline and cyclohexanone was successfully catalyzed by ionic liquid triethanolammonium chloroacetate, at room temperature. Yield of the obtained Mannich base was very good and excellent diastereoselectivity was achieved. Mechanism of the reaction was investigated using the density functional theory. The reaction started with a nucleophilic attack of aniline nitrogen at the carbonyl group of vanillin. The intermediate α-amino alcohol formed in this way was further subjected to protonation by the triethanolammonium ion yielding the imminium ion. Theoretically, the obtained imminium ion and the enol form of cyclohexanone can build the protonated Mannich base via the anti and syn pathways. The chloroacetic anion spontaneously abstracts the proton yielding the final product of the reaction anti 2-[1-(N-phenylamino)-1-(4-hydroxy- 3-methoxyphenyl)]methylcyclohexanone (MB-H). The syn pathway requires lower activation energy but the anti pathway yields a thermodynamically more stable product, which implies that the examined Mannich reaction is thermodynamically controlled
Importance of Costs of Risks in Material Management
Authors: Kulińska Ewa
Published: April 2015

The article is an analysis of materials management in different areas of functioning of manufacturing enterprises, with particular reference to the costs generated by it and all possible risk factors. The overall objective is to demonstrate, on the basis of the study in the furniture industry, that the occurrence of a risk factor in one area of a company has financial consequences for even a few more stages of the process. This affects the calculation of the actual cost of implementing the process and naturally carries consequences in the profit achieved by the company. For the analysis, the well-known algebraic principle of logic characterization of V.A. Gorbatov was applied.
Trends in the Consumption of Household Durables
Authors: Piekut Marlena , Walczak Renata , Felic Barbara , Krzętowska Agnieszka , Grabowska Magdalena , Kludacz Magdalena , Chybicki Grzegorz
Published: April 2015

The aim of the paper is the analysis of the household use of durables in Poland and other European countries. Relatively, the highest amount of money for household furnishing with durables was spent by the Bulgarians and the Italians (more than 7% of the total household expenses). In Poland, the highest expenditure occurred for the wealthiest households and those where the head of the household had a university degree while the least money was spent in numerous-family households. The best equipped households (quantity wise) were such that had one or two children and those where the household head had a university degree. The cluster analysis allowed distinguishing household groups of similar durables ownership level. These groups may be treated as consumer segments. The presented analyses also indicate the trends of the Polish consumers regarding the possession of durables.
Logistic Function as a Tool of Planning
Authors: Rządkowski Grzegorz , Głażewska Iwona , Sawińska Katarzyna
Published: April 2015

In the present paper, we propose a new approach to investigate the logistic function, which is commonly used in mathematical models in economics and management. The approach is based on indicating in a given time series, having a logistic trend, some characteristic points corresponding to zeroes of successive derivatives of the logistic function. We also give examples of application of this method.
The Influence of the Management (Motivational) Function on the Implementation of New Concepts of Management in Business Practices
Authors: Żebrowski Wojciech , Piątkowski Zdzisław , Kułakowska Anna , Piątkowski Artur
Published: April 2015

The aim of the article is to discuss the results of a study about the influence of one of the management functions, the motivational function, on the implementation of new concepts in enterprises. The research includes such issues as the use of new concepts in accomplishing objectives as well as factors, which make companies work more effectively once these concepts have been introduced. This presentation and the detailed analysis of the empirical research conducted gives insight into how new concepts of management are used in practice.
Declarative Modeling for Production Order Portfolio Scheduling
Authors: Banaszak Zbigniew , Bocewicz Grzegorz
Published: April 2015

A declarative framework enabling to determine conditions as well as to develop decision-making software supporting small- and medium-sized enterprises aimed at unique, multi-project-like and mass customized oriented production is discussed. A set of unique production orders grouped into portfolio orders is considered. Operations executed along different production orders share available resources following a mutual exclusion protocol. A unique product or production batch is completed while following a given activity’s network order. The problem concerns scheduling a newly inserted project portfolio subject to constraints imposed by a multi-project environment The answers sought are: Can a given project portfolio specified by its cost and completion time be completed within the assumed time period in a manufacturing system in hand? Which manufacturing system capability guarantees the completion of a given project portfolio ordered under assumed cost and time constraints? The considered problems regard finding a computationally effective approach aimed at simultaneous routing and allocation as well as batching and scheduling of a newly ordered project portfolio subject to constraints imposed by a multi-project environment. The main objective is to provide a declarative model enabling to state a constraint satisfaction problem aimed at multi-project-like and mass customized oriented production scheduling. Multiple illustrative examples are discussed.
The Socially Engaged Corporation - Attitudes and Knowledge Related to Collaboration with Non-Governmental Organizations
Authors: Karwacka Marta , Kitzman Karolina
Published: April 2015

Collaboration between business and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is a relatively new phenomenon in the Polish market. It appears, however, that corporations recognized as socially responsible in Poland are starting to see greater benefits than before in collaboration with the third sector. More and more often, the collaboration involves an exchange of different resources and not merely sponsorship of specific events or social campaigns. The present study stresses the developmental aspect of the business-NGO collaboration. The collaboration by entities has been analyzed on the basis of recent literature dealing with sustainability management, Corporate Social Responsibility and business- NGO relations, and also on own research. The study discusses the conceptions of socially responsible corporations reaching new markets and customers on the basis of collaboration with NGOs.
A New Microwave Asphalt Radar Rover for Thin Surface Civil Engineering Applications
Authors: Huuskonen-Snicker Eeva , Eskelinen Pekka , Pellinen Terhi , Olkkonen Martta-Kaisa
Published: April 2015

This paper presents a beyond state-of-the-art, sweeping microwave asphalt radar mounted on a small radio controlled four-wheel-drive rover. The quasi-monostatic, remote-controllable radar operates at Ku-band and has an output power of +10 dBm. Detection follows the zero intermediate frequency principle. The sweep width allows for a depth resolution better than 10 mm. With its four microprocessors and laptop computer processing, the radar system can provide pavement permittivity data with an uncertainty close to 0.1. This is a considerable advancement when applying electromagnetic measurement techniques for applications where near surface or thin surface layer measurements are needed.
Marketing and Organic Revenue Growth
Authors: Lehmann Donald R.
Published: April 2015

Companies can either strive for organic growth or growth through acquisitions. For marketing the first option is more attractive because it relates directly to its core responsibilities. Further, organic growth increases the market value of companies, whereas acquisitions often fall back on such expectations.
The main opportunities for organic growth lie in new products, brand building, customer management and channel innovation. There are many sources of growth ideas and multiple paths toward organic revenue goals. The key is to generate a large number of ideas and then select the most promising among them. While the most obvious one is technology development, there are other useful approaches, as well, such as observing or asking consumers, co-creation projects or approaching ideation systematically.
But even good ideas with initial support from all relevant parties can fail. For a growth initiative to succeed, all stakeholders need to be considered. The outcomes need to be positive to all relevant parties both inside and outside the firm.