bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation Counseling With Alcoholics
Authors: Dudek Felicia A.
Published: June 2019

The rehabilitation counselor can interface with alcoholism in two ways: alcoholism in the late stages as a disability per se; and a certain portion of the physically and/or mentally disabled population in fact suffers from dual disabilities that include alcoholism. Because many counselors outside the specialty of alcoholism can be unfamiliar with symptom progression and can easily feel frustrated and overwhelmed when dealing with alcoholics, this paper intends to provide information that helps counselors work with alcoholism more confidently and more comfortably. The paper presents an overview of the field, including some comment on etiology, the disabling aspects of alcoholism, a summarizing description of the treatment delivery system, and some useful treatment interventions. Also included is a resource page for further investigation.
Employment Trends for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Lynch Ross K. , Herbert James T.
Published: June 2019

Current employment trends for rehabilitation counselors offer a diversity of opportunities and challenges. Nontraditional settings such as schools, hospitals, clinics, and private practice, represent promising areas of employment for rehabilitation counselors.
Assessment Practices in Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Berven Norman L.
Published: June 2019

The assessment, process and practices in rehabilitation counseling are discussed. Major aspects of the assessment process are conceptualized as the gathering of data, the interpretation and synthesis of data, and the translation of data into case service decisions. Current practices are examined, as well as new developments in assessment technology and research needed to further advance assessment capabilities.
Careers in Employee Assistance Programs
Authors: Desmond Richard E.
Published: June 2019

Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) are being developed in all types of organizations. This development is seen as a valuable opportunity for employment of rehabilitation counselors. A rationale which suggests that rehabilitation counseling training is appropriate for EAP work is presented. Employee assistance programs are described as following three models: (a) the In-house model, (b) the Consortium model, and (c) the Trained agent model. The functioning of a rehabilitation counselor under each is described. Organizational demands on a counselor working in an EAP in a profitoriented organization also are discussed. A brief discussion which explains how rehabilitation counseling training programs can be modified to develop a specialty in EAP work is presented. Considerations which potential EAP counselors should weigh before planning to enter EAP work are discussed. Finally, resources for learning more about EAPs are identified.
Reality Therapy in Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Ososkie Joseph N. , Turpin Joseph O.
Published: June 2019

William Glasser's Reality Therapy includes therapeutic principles applicable in various rehabilitation settings. His concepts of commitment, responsibility, involvement, and planning are helpful to rehl1bilitationcounselors working with clients who have disabilities. This common sense approach is likened to the rehabilitation process with individually measure outcome indices. Personal self-worth and the establishment of a success identity are crucial.
An Existentialist Approach To Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Bruyere Susanne M.
Published: June 2019

This paper provides an overview of existentialism, as applied to the practice of vocational rehabilitation counseling. The key terms and concepts, historical evolution of existentialism as a philosophy and a form of psychotherapy, and its parallel with rehabilitation, are presented. Application of existentialism as a counseling approach which can be used in working with individuals with disabilities is summarized for: its basic assumptions, relevance of developmental history of the individual, perception of psychological health, criteria for client change, intervention techniques, and client-counselor relationship. Research needed to heighten the utility of this approach to rehabilitation, and the importance of integrating this approach into rehabilitation counseling in the 1980s, is discussed.
A Futuristic Model of Rehabilitation Education
Authors: Emener William G. , McFarlane Fred R.
Published: June 2019

Current and future changes in American society and the field of rehabilitation are highlighted in a demonstrated need for rehabilitation education to develop a more responsive, proactive, futuristic approach to the professional preparation and development of rehabilitation professionals. A proposed futuristic model of rehabilitation education, withfoci on identified learning modules and educational approaches, is offered in a learning continuum from bachelors degree level through continuing education.
The Psychological Adjustment Of Adult Clients & Their Parents Following Closed-Head Injury
Authors: Karpman Terry , Wolfe Sandra , Vargo James W.
Published: June 2019

This study explored the process of the psychological adjustment of 20 head-injured adults and their parents. In-depth interviews were conducted with all participants, then content analyzed using a synthesis of the procedures used by Calaizzi (1978), Collier and Kuiken (1976), and Vargo (1984). The content analysis resulted in 15 themes for the head-injured participants, and 12 for the parent participants. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for head-injured patients and their parents.
A Unified Approach to Existing Models of Adaptation to Disability: Part I - A Model Adaptation
Authors: Livneh Hanoch
Published: June 2019

A review of existing stage models of psychosocial adaptation to physical disability suggested that these models may be incorporated into a unified model consisting of five broad stages. The five delineated stages are as follows: I. Initial impact - shock and anxiety; II. Defense mobilization - bargaining and denial; III. Initial realization - mourning, depression and internalized anger; IV. Retaliation - externalized aggression; and V. Reintegration - acknowledgement, acceptance and final adjustment. Each of the suggested stages is further described as to its identifying defense mechanisms; affective, cognitive and behavioral correlates; and the direction assumed by the mastered energies. The paper concludes with a comparison of the present model to several existing psychodynamic theories.
A Holistic Perspective for The Provision of Rehabilitation Counseling Services
Authors: Goodwin Lloyd R.
Published: June 2019

This article presents a holistic perspective of rehabilitation counseling including eight dimensions underlying a holistic rehabilitation counseling paradigm. Also, the present trends of holistically oriented approaches in rehabilitation are discussed.
Supported Competitive Employment for Persons with Severe Disabilities
Authors: Wehman Paul
Published: June 2019

The present article examined the supported competitive employment model as it relates to rehabilitative services. A rationale and several reasons were advanced for considering greater adoption of this model which is characterized by an individualized placement approach. This model places greater emphasis on job site training and follow-along services for difficult-to-place clients. With this approach, individuals with severe disabilities can work competitively often for the first time. The major outcomes of economic advancement, wages, integration, costs to society, working conditions, and taxes paid were reviewed in the context of different adult service alternatives. Issues such as staffing and optimal settings from which to administer supported competitive employment programs are discussed as well.
Toward A Systemic Theoretical Framework for Vocational Rehabilitation
Authors: Cottone R. Rocco
Published: June 2019

This article presents a theoretical framework for vocational rehabilitation based on social systems theory. Social systems theory provides a unifying perspective for vocational rehabilitation both from a service delivery standpoint and from a professional development standpoint. Professional issues in the public and private sectors are addressed, including insurance specialist certification and ethical standards. It is proposed that social systems theory can supplant the strongly imbedded medical and psychological models at the metatheoretical level, while complementing the other models in the study of the individual.
Critical Values in Employment Programs for Persons with Developmental Disabilities: A Position Paper
Authors: Wehman Paul , Moon M. Sherril
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this paper is to delineate a number of important values which are essential in effective employment programs for persons with developmental disabilities. There are many efforts occurring nationally to create new vocational programs for disabled persons and hence it is necessary to articulate key aspects of meaningful employment programs. This paper identifies the following nine values: (a) employment in integrated settings, (b) decent pay, (c) the need for vocational choices, (d) avoiding “charity” work, (e) vocational training to reflect local labor needs, (f) parent involvement in planning, (g) parent education relative to social security laws, (h) community-based vocational training, and (i) systematically planned transition. These values are described and examples are given of each.
Rehabilitation Counseling with Dual Diagnosis Clients
Authors: Walker Guy
Published: June 2019

This article describes a philosophy and methodology for meeting the mental health needs of mentally retarded adults. It illustrates the impact such counseling can have in realizing the potential of such persons for independent living and vocational rehabilitation.
An Alternative Form of Group Therapy for Substance Awareness
Authors: Nigro Anthony G. , Dispenza Dominic Anthony
Published: June 2019

This article describes an educational intervention approach to substance abuse problems in a continuing treatment program. Positive gains were reported in cognitive knowledge, affect expression, and social behavior.
Factors Related to the Acceptance of Rehabilitation Services by Injured Workers
Authors: Olsheski Jerry , Growick Bruce
Published: June 2019

This study investigated the relationship between claimant variables and acceptance of services by injured workers in a voluntary rehabilitation program. Results indicated that acceptance was related to age and case velocity, but not to sex, pre-injury job, educational level, compensation rate, job satisfaction or type of disability. Overall, based on a discriminant function analysis using these claimant variables, acceptance of services could not be sufficiently predicted.
Decision Making Models in Ethics: Models for Increased Clarity and Wisdom
Authors: Tarvydas Vilia M.
Published: June 2019

The importance of appropriate decision-making models in ethical judgment by rehabilitation counseling practitioners is discussed. Several prominent models for decision making in ethics are reviewed, including professional self-exploration, moral reasoning discourse, developmental process, and multidimensional, integrative process models.
Canon 1- Moral and Legal Standards—A New Code of Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors: An Achievement or a Constraint?
Authors: Welfel Elizabeth Reynolds
Published: June 2019

This article discusses the uses and limitations oj the revised code of ethics for rehabilitation counselors. It also presents strategies for overcoming those limitations and recommendations for ethics education.
Psychosocial Aspects of Being Female and Disabled
Authors: Britt Jean H.
Published: June 2019

This paper is a review of recent literature on psychosocial aspects of being female and disabled as reflected in vocational rehabilitation (VR) for women with disabilities. It discusses whether women with disabilities are doubly stigmatized, reviews possible causes and suggests solutions. Also reviewed are the positions of women in Vocational Rehabilitation as counselors and administrators and the effect this may have on rehabilitation of women with disabilities.
Burnout and Job Expectations of State Agency Rehabilitation Counselors in North Dakota
Authors: Bloom Kathleen D. , Buhrke Robin A. , Scott Thomas B.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between burnout and the expectations about selected job factors of state agency rehabilitation counselors in North Dakota. Rehabilitation counselors completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory and an Expectations Questionnaire. Results of the analyses indicated that burnout is negatively related to current job expectations and positively related to job expectations at the time of initial employment in the rehabilitation field and to changes in expectations. These and other results, and the implications are presented and discussed.
Enhancing the Professional Preparation of Rehabilitation Counselors for Improved Services to Ethnic Minorities with Disabilities
Authors: Wright Tennyson J.
Published: June 2019

Past and recent research on ethnic minorities with disabilities has indicated that they have identifiably unique characteristics and present special challenges to the rehabilitation counseling profession. Demographic data and research findings are presented which provide insight into how these characteristics and challenges impact the rehabilitation process. Recommendations are offered on how to enhance the professional preparation of rehabilitation counselors for improved services to ethnic minorities with disabilities.
Physical Disability, Acculturation, and Family Interaction Among Mexican Americans
Authors: Arnold Bill R. , Orozco Sergio
Published: June 2019

This study focused on providing a descriptive analysis of patterns of family interaction among bilingual, bicultural Mexican Americans, as provided by the disabled family member. Through a six month follow-up of subjects the study explored the predictive relationship between scores on the Family Environment Scale (FES), and a criterion variable: counselor 6 month rating of progress toward vocational potential. Results were compared with those provided in the original normative study by Moos and Moos (1981), showing statistically significant mean differences (p.05) on 9 of the 10 FES subscales. Correlational analyses also indicated a significant relationship between 6 month rating of progress toward vocational potential and Expressiveness (r=.38, p =.01).
A Study of Depiction of Specific Characteristics of Characters with Disability in Film
Authors: Byrd E. Keith
Published: June 2019

Descriptions of films produced and distributed in the United States were used to analyze a number of variables associated with characters who have disabilities. Sixtyseven characters were depicted as disabled in 53 out of 302 films produced. Variables studied included major versus minor role, gender, normalcy of personality, attractiveness, victim or hero status, outcome, whether socially related, institutionalization, family membership, social class, employment status, age category, and disability:
Obstacles to Vocational Rehabilitation: The Clients' Perspectives
Authors: Brewington Vincent , Deren Sherry , Arella Lorinda , Randell Joan
Published: June 2019

The research literature indicates that vocational rehabilitation services are underutilized in many drug treatment programs. This study explored the perceptions of drug treatmentclients concerning use of vocational/educational (V/E) services. Clients from four methadone maintenance treatment clinics were Interviewed regarding: (a) types of VIE services received and desired by clients, (b) perceived obstacles to the use of clinic V/E services, and (c) client/clinic characteristics that may affect service utilization. Although Individuals generally reported receiving vocational counseling, many desired more job placement, vocational training, or educational assistance. Vocational counseling was seldom cited as a desired service; however, results indicated a need for such counseling with certain clients. Client- and clinic-level obstacles to service utilization are reported and ways to enhance service delivery are discussed.
Vocational Functioning of Clients in Drug Treatment: Exploring Some Myths and Realities
Authors: Arella Lorinda R. , Deren Sherry , Randell Joan , Brewington Vincent
Published: June 2019

This paper provides results of secondary analyses of a national study of clients in drug treatment, in which client expressed need and reported receipt of vocational/educational (V/E) services are compared in relation to important SES indicators. It then describes the vocational and educational functioning of clients in four methadone maintenance treatment programs, taking into account various “competing factors” (such as health problems) common to this client population. The paper presents a method for categorizing client V/E status which is then discussed in terms of targeting, as well as integrating VIE services with other treatment planning concerns.
Concurrent Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Alcohol Abuse and Trauma
Authors: Shipley R. Wayne , Taylor Stephen M. , Falvo Donna R.
Published: June 2019

Alcohol abuse is closely linked with physical trauma. Westmoreland Gateway Alcohol and Drug Rehabilitation Program provides evaluation and rehabilitation services to individuals who are concurrently suffering from physical trauma and alcohol abuse, using specific strategies designed for this population.
Issues to Consider in the Provision of Vocational Rehabilitation Services to American Indians with Alcohol Problems
Authors: Marshall Catherine A. , Martin William E. , Johnson Marilyn J.
Published: June 2019

American Indians represent a culturally diverse group of people, 54% of whom live in central cities or in urban areas. This article identifies basic issues for the rehabilitation counselor to consider when providing services to American Indians with alcohol problems. Particular focus is paid to concerns related to American Indian women and alcoholism. Recommendations for rehabilitation intervention include the need for family and societal involvement.
Vocational Rehabilitation and Counseling Approaches with Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Utsey Shawn O.
Published: June 2019

This article addresses the vocational difficulties associated with sickle cell anemia by suggesting viable approaches to the rehabilitation planning and counseling process. Consideration is given to the medical, psychosocial, vocational, and cultural ramifications of the disease. Rehabilitation Counselors must address the issues that are uniquely associated with sickle cell anemia.
Individualism and Equality: Critical Values in North American Culture and the Impact on Disability
Authors: Fowler Carol A. , Wadsworth John S.
Published: June 2019

Culturally shaped attitudes towards persons with disabilities pose significant barriers to full participation in employment. Even with the enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, implementation of the law will occur within the culturally defined stereotypes and assumptions which exist within society. A significant task for rehabilitation professionals will be the inclusion of positive perceptions of persons with disabilities into the conceptual ideology of individualism and equality.. This paper reviews the cultural difficulties of implementing civil rights legislation and addresses the role of rehabilitation professionals in promoting attitudinal changes in society.
The Role Function, and Responsibilities of Rehabilitation Consumers and Professionals in Disability Policy and Law
Authors: Schmidt M.J.
Published: June 2019

The role, function, and responsibilities of rehabilitation consumers and professionals in disability policy and law are both extensive and critical to the ultimate goal of equality for all persons. The goals of both consumers and professionals are ideally identical; however, the issues addressed by each group often vary due to the differences in their respective orientations. Nonetheless, professional and consumer involvement is an essentially consistent four-step process. Involvement begins with awareness and sensitivity to disability-related events. Issues are then identified. Next, action plans are developed and implemented. Finally, the results of advocacy efforts are evaluated.
Significant Demographic Characteristics of Persons Recovering from Alcoholism and Other Drugs
Authors: Emener William G. , Dickman J. Fred
Published: June 2019

The primary purpose of this study was to identify the existence of, and relationships among, selected demographic variables of persons recovering from alcoholism. A sample of 229 recovering alcoholics voluntarily remained after their Alcoholics Anonymous meetings and completed a 57 item “Alcoholism Treatment Survey”. Findings are simultaneously presented and discussed within 14 specific demographic areas of investigation with special attention to three overall constructs: (a) gender, viz, women's issues; (b) age, viz, younger (13-32), middle (33-45) and older (46-73); and (c) Alcoholics Anonymous, viz, its make up and composition. Conclusions and recommendations pertinent to prevention, treatment and future research are offered.
The Impact of Selected Demographic Variables and Disability Types on Perceptions of Client's Functioning Level
Authors: Mattie Kenya B. , Campbell Linda , Crisler Jack R. , Woodruff Cynthia
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation clients and their counselors often perceive the client's level of functioning differently from each other. When incongruence in perceptions exists, treatment goals may be compromised and therapeutic interventions ineffective. The present study investigates counselor and client perceptions of client functioning as a function of demographic variables descriptive of both the clients (n = 41) and the counselors (n = 9). The Client Goal Achievement Instrument (CGAI) was used to measure perception of functioning and paired t tests were used to analyze the scores. Significant differences were found between the counselors and clients on 35 of 50 items. Patterns of significance were shown on individual client demographic variables of age, education, gender, type of disability and race. Significance was also evidenced on counselor variables of age, experience, and education. General findings indicated that clients and their counselors view the client's functioning levels very differently. Implications are for the need to achieve greater congruence between counselors' and clients' perceptions before the development of goals and program implementation.
Follow-Up at Twelve and Thirty Months of Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury Engaged in Supported Employment Placements
Authors: Ellerd David A. , Moore Stephen C.
Published: June 2019

This article presents data on the vocational outcomes for 24 persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) using an individual placement model of supported employment. The results indicated that of the 24 workers with TBI, 17 (71%) were still employed at the end of 12 months, while only nine (38%) were still employed after 30 months. However, substantial mean pay increases were noted between the 12 month and 30 month periods, as well as in the number of days worked per year. Reasons for job losses are discussed.
Ethics of Care, Women's Perspectives and the Status of the Mainstream Rehabilitation Ethical Analysis
Authors: Gatens-Robinson Eugenie , Tarvydas Vilia
Published: June 2019

Feminist theory can be a resource in developing a new theory of disability. A brief account of some themes within feminist ethics is provided. Some central areas of ethical concern within rehabilitation will be examined. Connections between the moral vision called for within the area of disability and that vision required within feminist ethics are traced, and discussed in terms of how they can be mutually enriching.
Advances in Trait-and-Factor Theory: A Person x Environment Fit Approach to Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Kosciulek John F.
Published: June 2019

This article illustrates how the trait-and-factor approach is still useful in rehabilitation counseling. An overview of trait-and-factor theory is provided along with its rehabilitation counseling applications and limitations. The person x environment (P x E) fit approach, an updated perspective on trait-and-factor counseling that overcomes previous limitations, is also presented. The rehabilitation literature supports the use of an ecological, P x E approach in service provision to persons with disabilities. An awareness of the P x E trait-factor approach will encourage more individualized and comprehensive rehabilitation counseling services.
MMPI-ER Differences Among Hispanic Worker's Compensation Applicants by Psychiatric Diagnosis
Authors: Clark Shelia A. , Velasquez Roberto J. , Callahan Wendell J. , Lopez Carolyn
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to describe the MMPI-ER performance of Hispanic worker's compensation applicants by psychiatric diagnosis. Hispanics, with three types of DSM-III-R diagnoses--adjustment disorder, anxiety disorder, and major depression, were compared on the MMPI-ER. The results support previous findings, with non-industrially injured Hispanics, that Hispanics differ on the MMPI as a function of psychopathology or psychiatric diagnosis. The results indicate that while the MMPI-ER can be useful in assessing Hispanics with work-related injuries, counselors must be aware that the emotional status of the client is just as critical as the work-related injury itself.
Knowledge Importance in Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Leahy Michael J. , Szymanski Edna Mora , Linkowski Donald C.
Published: June 2019

The perceived importance of knowledge areas underlying rehabilitation counselor credentialing was examined. A common core of knowledge with differences across respondent characteristics was found.
Human Resource Development: An Examination of Perceived Training Needs of Certified Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Szymanski Edna Mora , Linkowski Donald C. , Leahy Michael J. , Diamond Esther E. , Thoreson Richard W.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate human resource development needs of certified rehabilitation counselors. A sample of 1,535 rehabilitation counselors who renewed their certification between March 1991 and October 1992 reported development needs in Vocational Services; Medical and Psychosocial Aspects; Case Management and Services; and Social, Cultural, and Environmental Issues. Significant differences in development needs were found across job levels, job settings, and job titles. Consideration of such counselor characteristics is recommended in human resource management.
Attitudes Toward Disability: Impact on Sexual Development and Forging of Intimate Relationships
Authors: DeLoach Charlene P.
Published: June 2019

This article presents an overview of research on attitudes toward persons with disabilities and discusses how these attitudes adversely affect their social status and their perceived sexuaitty. While the existence of a disability tends to evoke negative reactions and feelings of discomfort in others, these feelings and reactions vary in intensity, according to type of disability and the context in which a social interaction occurs, and in the affect they have on adults and children. For adults with disabilities, acceptance comes more readily when they are perceived as fellow employees or casual friends than when they are perceived as potential dating or marriage partners. For children with disabilities, myths concerning the asexuality of persons with disabilities in general often lead to behaviors on the part of others which result in impaired sexual development. Therefore, possible impediments to the development of a healthy sexuality and potential interventions are identified for Erikson's first six stages of psychosocial development, from infancy through young adulthood.
Sexual Abuse and Persons with Disabilities: A Call for Awareness
Authors: Watson-Armstrong Lee Ann , O'Rourke Barbara , Schatzlein John
Published: June 2019

While persons with disabilities face an increased risk of sexual abuse (Sobsey & Varnhagen, 1991), awareness of the severity of the problem is still lacking among most health care professionals, including rehabilitation practitioners. The purpose of this paper is to increase awareness of the issues evolving around sexual abuse and persons with disabilities by addressing the following; the prevalence of sexual abuse, including case examples; the increased vulnerability of persons with disabilities; sexual abuse reporting; barriers to service or sexual abuse treatment; and social and cultural issues. Recommendations for addressing sexual abuse issues within the counseling relationship are provided, as are resources for additional information concerning sexual abuse among persons with disabilities.
Vocational Potential and Spinal Cord Injuries - A Review and Evaluation
Authors: Murphy Gregory C. , Athanasou James A.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this paper is to review the vocational potential of spinal cord injured persons. The results of 17 recent (1976-1991) studies were reviewed. A diversity of study outcomes was indicated and the return to work rates varied from a low of 13% to a high of 69%. A total of 3568 subjects participated in the 17 studies and an estimated 56% of these were described specifically as paraplegics, 44% quadriplegics. Sample sizes within the reports ranged from small ethnographic studies of 15 to large scale follow-up surveys of 760. The results of these independent studies were combined. Overall, 1441 or 40.3% of all the 3568 subjects sampled in the 17 studies returned to work post-injury. For subjects who were followed-up less than five years post-injury, the average return to work rate was 37.9%; for subjects who were followed up at periods exceeding five years post-injury, the return to work rate was higher at 48.6%. From the methodological point of view, some standard measures of outcome are required. It was concluded that the results of these 17 studies are encouraging and indicate the potential of persons with a range of spinal cord injuries.
Psychosocial Correlates of Attitude Toward Disability and Desire to Work in African Americans with Disabilities
Authors: Asbury Charles A. , Walker Sylvia , Stokes Almeta , Rackley Reginald
Published: June 2019

Over the past twelve years a number of valuable and revealing studies have addressed service utilization and employment issues pertinent to minorities with disabilities. Research conducted by Atkins (1980) and Belgrave and Walker (1991a; 1991b) provides considerable evidence that utilization and successful completion of rehabilitation programs by minority persons, especially African Americans, is often associated with factors such as (1) attitude toward disability, (2) attitude toward self, and (3) perceptions and expectations of the rehabilitation process. Attitude toward disability has also been linked to employment in a study by Jenkins and Amos (1983) where it was reported that subjects considered their disability as a barrier. There were also implications in this study that attitudes toward their disability might also influence the extent to which the subjects would manifest a desire to work. There is a need, however, for more systematic study of psychosocial variables that may be uniquely operable among African Americans with disabilities. The more we understand these dynamics the more we can equitably adapt our efforts in the interest of enabling all clients to become more independent and self-sufficient. This information is especially critical for African Americans since it has been reported that among those of working age, one in seven have disabilities (Bowe, 1983).
Rubbish Man - Alleviating the Personal Impact of Economic Misfortune: An Opportunity to Expand the Role of Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Gregory Robert J.
Published: June 2019

The role of rehabilitation counselors could expand to people affected by situations other than disability, such as financial loss, including job loss. A cross-cultural case study presents a person unable to meet financial and social obligations, followed by a discussion of bankruptcy and other displacements, and ideas for counselors.
The Transition from Work to Retirement Among Adults with Mental Retardation
Authors: Wadsworth John S. , Harper Dennis C. , McLeran Hermine E.
Published: June 2019

When adults with mental retardation retire, many face the challenges of poor health, poverty, and social isolation. These factors are often predictive of a decreased quality of life among retirees who do not have a lifetime disability and are also likely to be factors effecting the retirement experience for older employees with mental retardation, especially those who work in habilitation settings such as sheltered workshops. Employees with mental retardation need early planning through vocational counseling, recreational planning, and residential programs designed to facilitate a successful transition to retirement.
Rehabilitation Needs of Individuals in Treatment for Alcohol Dependency
Authors: Farr Carla L. , Bordieri James E. , Benshoff John J. , Taricone Patrick F.
Published: June 2019

Using the Human Service Scale (HSS), the rehabilitation needs of 66 adults receiving in-patient treatment for alcohol dependency were examined. Participants reported at least average need fulfillment on the subscales of the HSS at the start of treatment. Fulfillment in Emotional Security significantly improved as a function of participation in the inpatient alcohol program. Gender differences in needs were also found and their implications for treatment strategies are discussed.
Meeting Relational Needs of Women with Serious Mental Illness: An Empowerment Model
Authors: Mitchell Janet , Kelley Susan D.M.
Published: June 2019

This article presents a female-centered, empowerment-based treatment model for use in mental health counseling, recovery and in rehabilitation. The model blends approaches drawn from cultural feminism, community psychology and life-centered career education. Dimensions and intervention strategies of the model are designed to focus on and meet the unique relational needs of women with long-term mental health disorders. Implications for staff training and consumer involvement are discussed.
Issues of Abuse for Women with Disabilities and Implications for Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Schaller James , Fieberg Jennifer Lagergren
Published: June 2019

This article presents a discussion of issues of abuse for women with disabilities. Definitions of abuse, especially a process of emotional abuse that may destabilize a woman's perceptions of herself and her reality, are discussed. A common outcome of abuse is disconnection from one's sense of safety, self, and self-in-relation with others. Media stereotypes, interactions with family and friends, and a lack of comprehensive diagnostic constructs may impact on her efforts at self-regulation of intimacy and anger. Recovery from abuse is discussed with implications for rehabilitation in the areas of health care, transportation services and attendant care, and vocational counseling.
Workplace and Disabilities: Opinions on Work, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal Factors
Authors: Chima Felix O.
Published: June 2019

Designed to provide for the elimination of discrimination against individuals with disabilities, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) more significantly provided for the removal of barriers to their employment. This study ascertained opinions of college students with disabilities regarding work, interpersonal, and intrapersonal factors as concerns to their workplace opportunities and participations. The study found that they have less opportunities than others without disabilities, supervisors are less understanding than co-workers, and they are not fully optimistic about ADA's role in eliminating discrimination. Disrespectful treatment and exclusion from informal network were concerns found among interpersonal factors. Self-doubt, worries about health, and managing time and work demands were found as intrapersonal factors. Implications for rehabilitation counseling are discussed.
A Code of Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Obermann C. Esco
Published: June 2019

On September 25, 1972, at San Juan, Puerto Rico, the Delegate Assembly of the National Rehabilitation Counseling Association adopted a draft of a Code of Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors. The provisions of the Code were based on responses from many members of the Association who had been invited to report ethical dilemmas they had encountered and to suggest acceptable solutions to those dilemmas. A first draft was published in the Summer, 1971, issue of The Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling. Many additional members responded to the invitation to suggest changes in that draft. It was a revised version of the first draft that was adopted at San Juan.

While the vote for adoption was almost unanimous, there were some questions raised during the discussion at San Juan and during the three years that the Code was in preparation that should be shared with all Association members. The questions might be placed in three generic types: (a) Does the profession really need a code of ethics? (b) Can a profession that is generally composed of persons who are employees, as opposed to private practitioners, reasonably expect to set its own ethical standards and abide by them? (c) Would it not be preferable merely to state some very broad principles of ethical behavior and refrain from defining for the members what those principles should mean in practice? The attempt will be made here to summarize the apparent rationales of these questions and what seemed to be the conclusions of the Delegate Assembly concerning them.
Stress and Health-related Quality of Life Individuals Undergoing Cardiac Transplantation and their Spouses
Authors: Konstam Varda , Surman Owen , Hijjazi Kamal H. , Konstam Marvin A. , Fierstein Jocelyn , Dec G. William , Keck Sally , Mudge Gilbert , Flavel Carol , McCormack Michele , Hurley Linda
Published: June 2019

Levels of stress in individuals who have undergone heart transplantation and their spouses, and their combined effects on health-related quality of life (HRQL) were examined prospectively in 34 couples pre and post transplantation. Both members of the couple reported normative stress levels pre and post transplantation. Spousal stress levels, as well as candidate stress levels predicted Psychosocial HRQL functioning in the candidate member of the couple atone month pre transplantation, accounting for 58% of the variance. Stress levels of the recipient continued to be associated with psychosocial functioning post transplantation. Our results confirmed the importance of assessing stress levels in both members of the marital system when considering HRQL in individuals undergoing heart transplantation, particularly during the pre transplantation phase. Clinical implications for the rehabilitation counselor are discussed.
Applications of Computer-Meditated Communication Via the Internet in Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Hampton Nan Zhang , Houser Rick
Published: June 2019

The Internet is a rapidly growing communication resource that is becoming mainstream in the American society. To better serve our clients, rehabilitation counselors need to understand the many aspects of the Internet and begin to explore its uses in rehabilitation counseling. The purpose of this article was to initiate a discussion regarding the impact of the Internet on rehabilitation counseling services. The current use of the Internet in counseling practices was reviewed. The relationship between the Internet usage and the empowerment of people with disabilities was explored, the roles of rehabilitation counselors in regard to the computer-mediated communication (CMC) via the Internet were outlined, and ethical and professional development-related issues concerning possible applications of CMC via the Internet for rehabilitation counseling services were discussed. CMC via the Internet may be offered as an adjunct to traditional face to face rehabilitation services. Professional organizations such as the National Rehabilitation Counseling Association (NRCA) and the Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC) should develop professional standards and ethical codes to guide such services before we fully embrace the technique.
Racial and Ethnic Members of Under-Represented Groups with Hearing Loss and VR Services: Explaining the Disparity in Closure Success Rates
Authors: Moore Corey L.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to explain, from a VR service perspective, reported differences in proportions of successful closures (i.e., status 26) based on race/ethnicity (Caucasians, African-American, American-Indian, Asian-American) and Hispanic origin (Latinos, non-Latinos) for persons who are deaf or hard of hearing. A series of cross tabulations and chi square analyses were utilized to investigate potential relationships between variables. Caucasians were found to achieve successful closure at a significantly higher proportion than did members of the race/ethnicity variable; non-Latinos were found to achieve successful closure at a significantly higher proportion than Latinos; a significantly lower proportion of those services found to be significantly associated with closure success (assessment and restoration) were provided to members of the race/ethnicity variable; a significantly lower proportion of those services (assessment, counseling and guidance, restoration, and job placement) found to be significantly associated with closure success were provided to Latinos. Implications of findings for service and research are discussed.
Impact Of Title I Of The Americans With Disabilities Act On People With Psychiatric Disabilities
Authors: Dalgin Rebecca Spirito
Published: June 2019

This article describes the intricacies of Title I of the ADA for people with psychiatric disabilities. Due to the complexities of the law it is important that rehabilitation counselors understand the specific dilemmas Title I presents for this population. Concerns about the ADA's definition of disability, qualification for the job, requesting accommodations, and disclosure will be discussed. Additionally, recent case law is provided on the impact of Title I for people with psychiatric disabilities. Rehabilitation counselors will gain critical and current information about ADA issues for people with psychiatric disabilities.
Disparities in Closure Success Rates for African Americans with Mental Retardation: An Ex-Post-Facto Research Design
Authors: Moore Corey L.
Published: June 2019

This article describes a study in which the closure success (i.e., status 26) rates for Caucasians and African Americans with mild and moderate mental retardation were analyzed. A series of chi-square tests were utilized to evaluate 40,046 cases obtained from the RSA-911 database for fiscal year 1997. Results indicated that African Americans with mild/moderate mental retardation were less likely to achieve closure success when compared to Caucasians with mild/moderate mental retardation. Results are presented for the dependent variable, and the implications of the findings for service and research are discussed.
Guide to the Revised CRCC Code of Ethics for the Rehabilitation Counselor
Authors: McQuade Lorie J. , Murray Gerald C.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this article is to discuss the most recent changes in the CRCC Code of Ethics (the Code), effective January 1,2002, from the perspective of practicing rehabilitation counselors. The authors present a collaborative view from both the public and private practice sectors. Selected changes in the Code, and the impact of those changes on practitioners are discussed. Questions for reflection are located at the conclusion of the article to stimulate the reader's thinking. A brief history of the development of the Code is also presented.
Attitudes of Law Students Toward Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Satcher Jamie , Gamble David
Published: June 2019

This study examined predictors of attitudes of law students toward persons with disabilities. The proposed regression model, which included, frequency of interaction with persons with disabilities, familiarity with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), and level of comfort with establishing relationships with persons with disabilities was explored through a questionnaire, the administration of the Scale of Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons-Form R, and the Relationships with Disabled Persons Scale. Participants were 189 law students at a university in the Southeast. Usable responses were received from 164 students. Using multiple regression analysis, attitudes toward persons with disabilities were significantly explained by familiarity with the ADA (p < .05) and comfort with establishing intimate relationships with individuals having disabilities (p < .05).
The Effects of People-First Language and Demographic Variables on Beliefs, Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions Toward People with Disabilities
Authors: Feldman David , Gordon Phyllis A. , White Michael J. , Weber Christopher
Published: June 2019

The effects of people-first language usage and demographic variables on beliefs, attitudes and behavioral intentions toward people with disabilities were investigated. Participants included 351 undergraduate minors, masters, and doctoral level students in counseling psychology at a state university located in the Midwest. Study participants provided demographic information, produced a writing sample concerning a hypothetical client who has a disability, and completed the Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons Scale (ATOP) and the Beliefs and Behavioral Intentions Scale (BABI). The BABI examined beliefs and behavioral intentions across three dimensions; sexuality, quality of life potential, and professional personal social distance. Analysis of the writing samples indicated that only a minority of participants used people-first language consistently. A series of ANOVAs were conducted comparing people-first language usage and scores on both the ATOP and BABI scales. Although the results were mixed, language usage appears to affect the attitude and behavioral intentions towards persons with disabilities.
The Implications for Consumers of Practices and Policies in Job Development: Report of a Pilot Study
Authors: Bishop Malachy L. , Degeneffe Charles E.
Published: June 2019

Consumers of vocational rehabilitation services are increasingly directing the decisions made about these services. These decisions frequently include making choices about whether to work with a job development professional, and choosing such a professional from among available options. Such choices will be made most effectively when they are guided by knowledge and understanding of the different alternatives. There is considerable variability among Job developers with respect to qualifications in terms of education, experience, and training, as well as In terms of pay rates and pay arrangements (e.g., salary, fee-for-placement, bonuses for placement), and caseload size. It is important to evaluate and understand this variability and its potential effect on outcomes for consumers. Toward this end, this article reports the results of a pilot project conducted in an effort to begin to identify specific areas of differences among Job developers. Results and recommendations based on this project are presented for counselors and consumers.