bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single‐Fluorophore‐Based Organic Crystals with Distinct Conformers Enabling Wide‐Range Excitation‐Dependent Emissions
Authors: Huang Rongrong , Wang Chao , Tan Davin , Wang Kai , Zou Bo , Shao Yangtao , Liu Taihong , Peng Haonan , Liu Xiaogang , Fang Yu
Published: August 2022

Achieving wide‐range tunable emission colors, especially in the solid state of single‐fluorophore materials, remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report a molecular design strategy that affords wide‐range excitation‐dependent emissions spanning over ≈230 nm in crystalline states. Under the donor‐π‐acceptor configuration, we judiciously choose a rotatable acceptor fragment,o‐carborane, to enrich conformational diversities in the crystalline state and generate conformation‐dependent multicolor emissions. We further show that this molecular platform is generalizable in creating crystalline materials with multicolor emissions. Based on these materials, a high‐capacity information storage device and a finite‐state machine were fabricated to showcase multicolor displays and information storage.
Some Ontological and Epistemological Consequences of the Development of Online Family Therapy and What This Could Mean for Practice
Authors: Mc Kenny Richard , Burbach Frank
Published: August 2022

With a focus on ‘screen and team’ family therapy, we tentatively explore possible practice implications associated with family therapy moving from in‐person to online delivery, with the intention of developing questions for further empirical research. By examining some of the affordances and constraints of the online medium in relation to the use of triadic questioning, we set forth a number of the epistemological and ontological consequences of this move. We argue that online therapy has particular features of a dialogical approach and method. We then examine the concept of joint action, the nature of the conversational processes, and the utterance chains that seem to be more likely to emerge when working online. We posit that a major advantage of the move to online delivery of family therapy is the medium’s particular utility for generating more invitational, collaborative, and dialogical practices.
Time to treatment initiation and its impact on real‐world survival in metastatic colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer
Authors: Gbolahan Olumide , Hashemi‐Sadraei Neda , Yash Suri , Williams Grant , Ramachandran Rekha , Kim Young‐il , Paluri Ravikumar , Outlaw Darryl , El‐Rayes Bassel , Nabell Lisle
Published: August 2022

Background

Given the dearth of data regarding the time to treatment initiation (TTI) in the palliative setting, and its impact on survival outcomes, we sought to determine TTI in a real‐world cohort of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC) patients and evaluate the impact of TTI on real‐world survival outcomes.

Methods

We collected survival and treatment data for mCRC and mPC from the Flatiron Health electronic health records (EHR) derived database. We divided TTI into 3 categories: < 2 weeks, 2–< 4 weeks, and 4–8 weeks, from diagnosis to first‐line therapy. Outcome measures were median TTI, real‐world overall survival (RW‐OS) based on TTI categories by Kaplan–Meier method, and impact of TTI on survival using cox proportional hazard models.

Results

Among 7108 and 3231 patients with mCRC and mPC treated within 8 weeks of diagnosis, the median TTI were 28 days and 20 days. Median RW‐OS for mCRC was 24 months; 26.9 months versus 22.6 and 18.05 months in the 4–8‐week, 2–< 4 week (control) and < 2‐week groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). For mPC, median RW‐OS was 8 months, without significant difference in RW‐OS among the groups (p = 0.05). The 4–8‐week group was associated with lower hazard of death (HR 0.782, 95% CI 0.73–0.84, p < 0.0001) and the < 2‐week group was associated with a higher hazard of death (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.15–1.38, p < 0.0001) in mCRC. The 4–8‐week group was associated with lower hazard of death for mPC (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.8–0.97, p = 0.0094).

Conclusion

In a real‐world cohort of patients treated within 8 weeks of diagnosis, and with the limitations of a retrospective study, later TTI did not have a negative impact on survival outcomes in mCRC and mPC.
Secondary malignancies in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma survivors: 40 years of follow‐up assessed by treatment modality
Authors: Parsons Matthew W. , Rock Calvin , Chipman Jonathan J. , Shah Harsh R. , Hu Boyu , Stephens Deborah M. , Tao Randa , Tward Jonathan D. , Gaffney David K.
Published: August 2022

Background

Survivors of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have increased secondary malignancy (SM) risk. We quantified this risk by patient and treatment factors.

Methods

Standardized incidence ratios (SIR, observed‐to‐expected [O/E] ratio) were assessed in 142,637 NHL patients diagnosed from 1975 to 2016 in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Comparisons were made between subgroups in terms of their SIRs relative to respective endemic populations.

Results

In total, 15,979 patients developed SM, more than the endemic rate (O/E 1.29; p < 0.05). Compared with white patients, relative to respective endemic populations, ethnic minorities had a higher risk of SM (white O/E 1.27, 95% CI 1.25–1.29; black O/E 1.40, 95% CI 1.31–1.48; other O/E 1.59, 95% CI 1.49–1.70). Relative to respective endemic populations, patients who received radiotherapy had similar SM rates to those who did not (O/E 1.29 each), but irradiated patients had increased breast cancer (p < 0.05). Patients who received chemotherapy had higher SM rates than those who did not (O/E 1.33 vs. 1.24, p < 0.05) including more leukemia, Kaposi sarcoma, kidney, pancreas, rectal, head and neck, and colon cancers (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

This is the largest study to examine SM risk in NHL patients with the longest follow‐up. Treatment with radiotherapy did not increase overall SM risk, while chemotherapy was associated with a higher overall risk. However, certain subsites were associated with a higher risk of SM, and they varied by treatment, age group, race and time since treatment. These findings are helpful for informing screening and long‐term follow‐up in NHL survivors.
A Hybrid Structural Method for Investigating Low Molecular Weight Oligomeric Structures of Amyloid Beta
Authors: Gupta Sayan , Raskatov Jevgenij A. , Ralston Corie Y.
Published: August 2022

Spurred in part by the failure of recent therapeutics targeting amyloid β plaques in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), attention is increasingly turning to the oligomeric forms of this peptide that form early in the aggregation process. However, while numerous amyloid β fibril structures have been characterized, primarily by NMR spectroscopy and cryo‐EM, obtaining structural information on the low molecular weight forms of amyloid β that presumably precede and/or seed fibril formation has proved challenging. These transient forms are heterogeneous, and depend heavily on experimental conditions such as buffer, temperature, concentration, and degree of quiescence during measurement. Here, we present the concept for a new approach to delineating structural features of early‐stage low molecular weight amyloid β oligomers, using a solvent accessibility assay in conjunction with simultaneous fluorescence measurements.
N‐Glycan Engineering: Constructing the N−GlcNAc Stump
Authors: Wu Qifan , Dong Suwei , Xuan Weimin
Published: August 2022

N‐Glycosylation is often essential for the structure and function of proteins. However, N‐glycosylated proteins from natural sources exhibit considerable heterogeneity in the appended oligosaccharides, bringing daunting challenges to corresponding basic research and therapeutic applications. To address this issue, various synthetic, enzymatic, and chemoenzymatic approaches have been elegantly designed. Utilizing the endoglycosidase‐catalyzed transglycosylation method, a single N‐acetylglucosamine (N‐GlcNAc, analogous to a tree stump) on proteins can be converted to various homogeneous N‐glycosylated forms, thereby becoming the focus of research efforts. In this concept article, we briefly introduce the methods that allow the generation of N‐GlcNAc and its close analogues on proteins and peptides and highlight the current challenges and opportunities the scientific community is facing.
Cancer in Amphibia, a rare phenomenon?
Authors: Torres‐Dimas Esteban , Cruz‐Ramírez Alfredo , Bermúdez‐Cruz Rosa María
Published: August 2022

Compared to other animals, the spontaneous occurrence of tumors in wild amphibians is relatively rare, generally limited to specific populations or species. The number of reports of spontaneous tumors in amphibians known up to 1986 was 491 cases in anurans and about 253 cases in urodeles. Similarly, there have been many, unsuccessful attempts to chemically or biologically induce tumors in amphibians. With these considerations, it is inevitable to wonder: do urodeles and anurans have an inherent resistance to cancer? Here, we review the spontaneous and induced occurrence of tumors in amphibians in a timeline, as well as failed attempts to induce tumors in these amphibians. Indeed, recent studies seem to indicate that there is a relationship between regeneration and cancer because regenerating tissues seem to resist tumorigenesis, as opposed to nonregenerative tissues of the same amphibian models. Although the mechanisms that allow regenerating tissues to resist tumorigenesis have not been elucidated, it is worth to note that, in addition to the apparent relationship between regeneration and cancer, amphibians possess characteristics that could contribute to their ability to resist the development of neoplastic events. The implications of these features in cancer susceptibility are discussed.
Influence of the Coordinated Transition Metal Ion on Magnetic Relaxation of Lanthanide Based Complexes with Imino Nitroxide Biradical Ligands
Authors: Xi Lu , Jin Chaoyi , Song Hongwei , Wang Xiaotong , Xie Junfang , Ma Yue , Tang Jinkui , Li Licun
Published: August 2022

In spite of achievement of a lot of Ln‐radical SMMs, how to improve magnetic behavior of Ln‐radical system remains challenging. Here, two series of Ln‐radical complexes have successfully been built using an imino nitroxide biradical, namely, [Ln2(hfac)6(ImPhPyobis)2] (LnIII=Gd 1, Tb 2, Dy 3) and [Ln2Cu2(hfac)10(ImPhPyobis)2] (LnIII=Gd 4, Dy 5; hfac=hexafluoroacetylacetonate and ImPhPyobis=5‐(4‐oxypyridinium‐1‐yl)‐1,3‐bis(1’‐oxyl‐4’,4’,5’,5’‐tetramethyl‐4,5‐hydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)benzene). For these biradical‐metal complexes, two imino nitroxide biradicals bind two Ln(III) ions via their oxygen atoms coming from 4‐oxypyridinium units to produce a binuclear {Ln2O2} unit. Those imino nitroxide groups are free for complexes 1–3, however one of imino nitroxide groups of the biradical is ligated to the copper(II) ion for complexes 4 and 5. The distinct magnetic relaxation behaviors are observed for two Dy derivatives, as revealed by ac magnetic studies: complex 3 presents one magnetic process with the effective energy barrier(Ueff) of 74.0 K while complex 5 exhibits dual relaxation processes with Ueff values for the fast‐ and slow‐relaxation being 20.2 K and 30.9 K, respectively, which implies that the second coordination sphere of Dy ion plays a critical role for magnetic relaxation.
Tuning Electronic Structures of Carbazole‐Cyanostyrene Molecules to Achieve Dual‐State Emission for Trace Water Analysis, Picric Acid Sensing, and Reversible Mechanofluorochromism
Authors: Xue Jie , Tang Fang , Wang Chengyuan , Yang Jiaxiang , Ding Aixiang
Published: August 2022

Dual‐state emissive (DSE) materials with efficient emission both in solution and in the solid state can be used in complex environments. In this work, we demonstrate the synthesis of DSE materials by finely tuning the electronic structures of luminogens. Four carbazole‐cyanostyrene compounds with different terminal groups, i. e., CZ‐Ph‐H without additional substituent, CZ‐Ph‐TA with an N,N‐dimethylamino functional group, CZ‐Ph‐CN with a cyano group, and CZ‐Ph‐TB with a t‐butyl group, have been synthesized and their photophysical properties are fully investigated by spectroscopic studies, theoretical calculations, and crystallographic analysis. Interestingly, while CZ‐Ph‐H, CZ‐Ph‐CN, and CZ‐Ph‐TB are aggregation‐induced emissive (AIE) molecules only showing strong emission in the aggregated states (aggregate suspension and solid powder), CZ‐Ph‐TA is a DSE molecule showing strong emission in both dilute solution and aggregated states. In addition, CZ‐Ph‐TA could serve as a fluorescent probe for trace water analysis in organic solvents and picric acid (PA) detection in both dilute solution and aggregate suspension. CZ‐Ph‐TA also exhibits reversible mechanofluorochromism with a spectral shift of 21 nm. The synthesis of the N,N‐dimethylamino‐substituted molecule with excellent photophysical properties represents an important attempt to achieve DSE by finely tuning the electronic structures of molecules.
Tooth size discrepancy in orthodontic patients with skeletal anterior open bite
Authors: Al Maaitah Emad F. , Al‐Madani Nada , Abu Alhaija Elham S.
Published: August 2022

Objective

To find out if there is any relationship between tooth size discrepancy (TSD) and skeletal anterior open bite (AOB) and to assess the correlation between the amount of AOB and TSD.

Method

A total of 100 Class I subjects were included in this study (average age 15.21 ± 2.84 years). Fifty patients had skeletal AOB (>3 mm) and 50 subjects acted as controls and had a normal overbite. Teeth mesio‐distal widths were measured using a digital caliper. Anterior, overall, and posterior TSD ratios were calculated. An independent t‐test was employed to assess differences between groups and between genders. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between the amount of AOB and TSD.

Results

Significant differences in anterior (p = .038) and posterior (p = .015) TSD ratios were detected. In the skeletal AOB group, no significant gender differences were detected (p > .05), whereas in the normal bite and total sample group, males had smaller posterior teeth compared to females (p < .05). All the differences were smaller than 1 SD of Bolton's ratios. No significant correlation was found between the amount of AOB and TSD ratios (p > .05).

Conclusions

Skeletal AOB had larger anterior and smaller posterior mandibular teeth, but the differences were less than 1 SD of Bolton's ratios. Males have smaller mandibular posterior teeth than females. The amount of AOB is not correlated with the TSD ratios.
FAM135B sustains the reservoir of Tip60‐ATM assembly to promote DNA damage response
Authors: Zhang Kai , Wu Qingnan , Liu Wenzhong , Wang Yan , Zhao Lianmei , Chen Jie , Liu Haoyu , Liu Siqi , Li Jinting , Zhang Weimin , Zhan Qimin
Published: August 2022

Background

Recently, the mechanism by which cells adapt to intrinsic and extrinsic stresses has received considerable attention. Tat‐interactive protein 60‐kDa/ataxia–telangiectasia‐mutated (TIP60/ATM) axis‐mediated DNA damage response (DDR) is vital for maintaining genomic integrity.

Methods

Protein levels were detected by western blot, protein colocalisation was examined by immunofluorescence (IF) and protein interactions were measured by co‐immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay and GST pull‐down assays. Flow cytometry, comet assay and IF assays were used to explore the biological functions of sequence similarity 135 family member B (FAM135B) in DDR. Xenograft tumour, FAM135B transgenic mouse models and immunohistochemistry were utilised to confirm in vitro observations.

Results

We identified a novel DDR regulator FAM135B which could protect cancer cells from genotoxic stress in vitro and in vivo. The overexpression of FAM135B promoted the removal of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci, whereas the elimination of FAM135B attenuated these effects. Consistently, our findings revealed that FAM135B could promote homologous recombination and non‐homologous end‐joining repairs. Further study demonstrated that FAM135B physically bound to the chromodomain of TIP60 and improved its histone acetyltransferase activity. Moreover, FAM135B enhanced the interactions between TIP60 and ATM under resting conditions. Intriguingly, the protein levels of FAM135B dramatically decreased following DNA damage stress but gradually increased during the DNA repair period. Thus, we proposed a potential DDR mechanism where FAM135B sustains a reservoir of pre‐existing TIP60‐ATM assemblies under resting conditions. Once cancer cells suffer DNA damage, FAM135B is released from TIP60, and the functioning pre‐assembled TIP60‐ATM complex participates in DDR.

Conclusions

: We characterised FAM135B as a novel DDR regulator and further elucidated the role of the TIP60‐ATM axis in response to DNA damage, which suggests that targeting FAM135B in combination with radiation therapy or chemotherapy could be a potentially effective approach for cancer treatment.
High‐gain broadband ENZ metasurface‐based RF lens with gradient refractive index for microwave and millimetre‐wave applications
Authors: Narjala Sri Pravallika , V R Anitha , K RamaNaidu
Published: August 2022

Design, simulation and measurement of a broadband epsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) metasurface‐based gradient refractive index (GRIN) Luneberg lens has been presented with different antennas demonstrating gain enhancement and producing highly directive beams. The unit‐cell meta‐structure consists of a conducting ring with monopoles at 45°. The horizontal radius of the conducting ring is varied to vary the refractive index of the structure. Unit cells with varying refractive index are arranged in a 2D plane to produce a planar Luneberg lens structure. The lens is demonstrated to produce a gain improvement of 6–13.2 dBi for different configurations and different antennas including a microstrip patch antenna and horn antenna both in simulation and measurement while maintaining the total efficiency of the antenna being used with the lens.
The factor structure and validity of a diagnostic interview for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in a sample of children, adolescents, and young adults
Authors: Cooper‐Vince Christine E. , Nwaka Chika , Eddy Kamryn T. , Misra Madhusmita , Hadaway Natalia A. , Becker Kendra R. , Lawson Elizabeth A. , Cooke Lucy , Bryant‐Waugh Rachel , Thomas Jennifer J. , Micali Nadia
Published: August 2022

Objective

There is a paucity of validated diagnostic interviews for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) to aid identification and classification of cases for both clinical and research purposes. To evaluate the factor structure, construct validity, and criterion validity of the Pica ARFID and Rumination Disorder Interview (PARDI; ARFID module), we administered the PARDI to 129 children and adolescents ages 9–23 years (M = 16.1) with ARFID (n = 84), subclinical ARFID (n = 11), and healthy controls (n = 34).

Method

We used exploratory factor analysis to examine the factor structure of the PARDI in children, adolescents, and young adults with an ARFID diagnosis, the Kruskal‐Wallis analysis of variance and Spearman correlations to test the construct validity of the measure, and non‐parametric receiver operating characteristic curves to evaluate the criterion validity of the PARDI.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis yielded a 3‐factor structure: (1) concern about aversive consequences of eating, (2) low appetite/low interest in food, and (3) sensory sensitivity. Participants with ARFID demonstrated significantly higher levels of sensory sensitivity, low appetite/low‐food interest, and concern about aversive consequences of eating symptoms relative to control participants. The construct validity for each PARDI subscale was supported and clinical cutoffs for the low appetite/low interest in food (1.1) and sensory sensitivity subscales (0.6) were established.

Discussion

These data present evidence for the factor structure and validity of the PARDI diagnostic interview for diagnosing ARFID in children, adolescents, and young adults, supporting the use of this tool to facilitate ARFID clinical assessment and research.

Public Significance

Due to the paucity of validated diagnostic interviews for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), we evaluated the factor structure and validity of the Pica ARFID and Rumination Disorder Interview (ARFID module). Findings suggest that the interview assesses 3 components of ARFID: concern about aversive consequences of eating, low‐appetite, and sensory sensitivity, and that clinical threshold scores on the latter two subscales can be used to advance ARFID assessment.
Evolution of tributary junctions and their capacity for rearing juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) on a regulated river
Authors: Buxton Todd H. , Bradley D. Nathan
Published: August 2022

The Trinity River in northern California was adjusting to unregulated flood and mining impacts when it was dammed and flow regulation began in 1960. We examine the subsequent evolution of the river's alluvial channel through 60 years of increases in regulated mainstem flow regimes in an unconfined and confined valley where Rush and Indian creeks respectively join the river 6.9 and 26.7 river kilometres from Lewiston Dam. The resulting capacity of the tributary junctions for rearing Chinook salmon fry in the current flow regime is evaluated with an empirical model developed for the Trinity River. Results indicate that morphologic changes at Indian Creek were relatively minor after damming because mainstem flows were restricted to a narrow channel in comparison to the channel at Rush Creek. Conversely, active channel and bar areas significantly declined at Rush Creek because the mainstem sediment supply was more severely reduced by flow regulation that enabled riparian vegetation to colonize the expansive alluvial surfaces that were present. These changes reduced instream habitat, suggesting salmon populations in large valleys may be at higher risk below dams than in smaller valleys where the reduced flow is confined to an already narrow channel. However, the relatively wide and unconfined valley responded more positively to increases in flow and sediment through the regulatory periods to yield significantly higher capacities for rearing Chinook fry. Therefore, while unconfined reaches may be particularly susceptible to change when a river is dammed, they may also provide the greatest opportunity for restoration of salmon populations.
Evaluation of the water conservation capacity of the Weihe River Basin based on the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs model
Authors: Zhang Yaowen , Zhang Bo , Ma Bin , Yao Rongpeng , Wang Libing
Published: August 2022

The Weihe River Basin has the worst soil erosion in the Loess Plateau. As the largest tributary of the Yellow River, the water conservation capacity in the Weihe River Basin is of great significance to the Yellow River Basin and the Loess Plateau. In this study, the volume of the water conservation in the Weihe River Basin is estimated based on the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs model, and the water conservation capacity of the basin is measured after excluding the influence of rainfall and evapotranspiration. The results show that from 1987 to 2019, the water conservation in the Weihe River Basin showed an overall trend of decreasing first and then increasing. The increasing trend of water conservation is greater than that of water production. The water conservation in the Weihe River Basin decreased to the lowest in 2005 and increased to the highest in 2019. Spatially, the water conservation volume is large in the south and west and small in the north and east. The water conservation volumes increase in the middle reaches of the Weihe River, the source of the Weihe River and the Jinghe River Basin. The overall capacity of the water yield and water conservation in the Weihe River Basin shows the same increasing trend. The projects of returning farms to forests and ecological management contribute to improving the water conservation capacity in the Weihe River Basin.
Genotypic‐specific heat shock response of vector susceptibility to Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Spaan Johannie M. , Leavitt Nathaniel , Shen Jessica , Bundy Taylor , Burrows Lillian , Ingram Christopher , Maehara Thomas R. , Ndungu Ibrahim , Mutuku Martin , Owino George , Odiere Maurice , Steinauer Michelle L.
Published: August 2022

Living organisms are vulnerable to thermal stress, which causes a diversity of physiological outcomes. Previous work has shown that the snail vectors (Biomphalaria glabrata) of an important human pathogen, Schistosoma mansoni, revert from resistant to susceptible after short exposure to a heat stress as low as 31°C; however, due to lack of replicability among labs and genetic lines of snails, it has been hypothesized that this effect is genotype dependent. We examined the effects of heat shock on the resistance of two species of snail vectors including B. glabrata and Biomphalaria sudanica. We used three different inbred laboratory snail lines in addition to the F1 generation of field‐collected snails from Lake Victoria, Kenya, an area with high levels of schistosomiasis transmission. Our results showed marginal effects of heat shock on prevalence of infection in B. glabrata, and that this response was genotype specific. We found no evidence of a heat shock effect on prevalence of infection in B. sudanica or on intensity of infection (number of infectious stages shed) in either snail species. Such environmentally influenced defense responses stress the importance of considering this unique interaction between snail and parasite genotypes in determining infection dynamics under climate changes.
Mo2P Monolayer as a Superior Electrocatalyst for Urea Synthesis from Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide Fixation: A Computational Study
Authors: Jiao Dongxu , Wang Zhongxu , Liu Yuejie , Cai Qinghai , Zhao Jingxiang , Cabrera Carlos R. , Chen Zhongfang
Published: August 2022

Urea synthesis through the simultaneous electrocatalytic reduction of N2 and CO2 molecules under ambient conditions holds great promises as a sustainable alternative to its industrial production, in which the development of stable, highly efficient, and highly selective catalysts to boost the chemisorption, activation, and coupling of inert N2 and CO2 molecules remains rather challenging. Herein, by means of density functional theory computations, we proposed a new class of two‐dimensional nanomaterials, namely, transition‐metal phosphide monolayers (TM2P, TM = Ti, Fe, Zr, Mo, and W), as the potential electrocatalysts for urea production. Our results showed that these TM2P materials exhibit outstanding stability and excellent metallic properties. Interestingly, the Mo2P monolayer was screened out as the best catalyst for urea synthesis due to its small kinetic energy barrier (0.35 eV) for C–N coupling, low limiting potential (−0.39 V), and significant suppressing effects on the competing side reactions. The outstanding catalytic activity of the Mo2P monolayer can be ascribed to its optimal adsorption strength with the key *NCON species due to its moderate positive charges on the Mo active sites. Our findings not only propose a novel catalyst with high‐efficiency and high‐selectivity for urea production but also further widen the potential applications of metal phosphides in electrocatalysis.
Nitric oxide metabolites: associations with cardiovascular biomarkers and clinical parameters in patients with HFpEF
Authors: Piatek Karsten , Feuerstein Anna , Zach Veronika , Rozados da Conceicao Cristina , Beblo Amelie , Belyavskiy Evgeny , Pieske‐Kraigher Elisabeth , Krannich Alexander , Schwedhelm Edzard , Hinz Sarah , Pieske Burkert , Edelmann Frank
Published: August 2022

Aims

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is one of the most rapidly growing cardiovascular health burden worldwide, but there is still a lack of understanding about the HFpEF pathophysiology. The nitric oxide (NO) signalling pathway has been identified as a potential key element. The aim of our study was to investigate markers of NO metabolism [l‐arginine (l‐Arg), homoarginine (hArg), and asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA)], additional biomarkers [N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), mid‐regional pro‐adrenomedullin (MR‐proADM), copeptin, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP)], and the endothelial function in an integrated approach focusing on associations with clinical characteristics in patients with HFpEF.

Methods and results

Seventy‐three patients, prospectively enrolled in the ‘German HFpEF Registry’, were analysed. Inclusion criteria were left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50%; New York Heart Association functional class ≥ II; elevated levels of NT‐proBNP > 125 pg/mL; and at least one additional criterion for structural heart disease or diastolic dysfunction. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and pulse amplitude tonometry (EndoPAT™). Patients were categorized in two groups based on their retrospectively calculated HFA‐PEFF score. Serum concentrations of l‐Arg, hArg, ADMA, SDMA, NT‐proBNP, ET‐1, MR‐proADM, copeptin, and hsCRP were determined. Patients had a median age of 74 years, 47% were female, and median LVEF was 57%. Fifty‐two patients (71%) had an HFA‐PEFF score ≥ 5 (definitive HFpEF), and 21 patients (29%) a score of 3 to 4 (risk for HFpEF). Overall biomarker concentrations were 126 ± 32 μmol/L for l‐Arg, 1.67 ± 0.55 μmol/L for hArg, 0.74 (0.60;0.85) μmol/L for SDMA, and 0.61 ± 0.10 μmol/L for ADMA. The median reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) was 1.55 (1.38;1.87). SDMA correlated with NT‐proBNP (r = 0.291; P = 0.013), ET‐1 (r = 0.233; P = 0.047), and copeptin (r = 0.381; P = 0.001). ADMA correlated with ET‐1 (r = 0.250; P = 0.033) and hsCRP (r = 0.303; P = 0.009). SDMA was associated with the left atrial volume index (β = 0.332; P = 0.004), also after adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities. Biomarkers were non‐associated with the RHI. A principal component analysis revealed two contrary clusters of biomarkers.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest an impaired NO metabolism as one possible key pathogenic determinant in at least a subgroup of patients with HFpEF. We argue for further evaluation of NO‐based therapies. Upcoming studies should clarify whether subgroups of HFpEF patients can take more benefit from therapies that are targeting NO metabolism and pathway.
Supramolecular Catalysts for Organic Synthesis: Preparation and Applications of Cyclodextrins and Calixarenes in C−C Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Lima Carolina G. S. , Pauli Fernanda P. , Madriaga Vinicius G. , Amaral Adriane A. P. , Graciano Isabela A. , Meira Vinicius L. , da S. M. Forezi Luana , Ferreira Vitor F. , de M. Lima Thiago , de Carvalho da Silva Fernando
Published: August 2022

Reactions that promote the formation of carbon–carbon bonds are of great importance in organic synthesis, since they transform available, relatively inexpensive, and small organic molecules into more complex ones. One of the main protocols used for these transformations are cross‐coupling reactions, and due to their versatility and applications, several efforts have been devoted recently to developing catalysts for such reactions. Supramolecular chemistry has become a major player in this field and encompasses approaches that range from the synthesis of intricate complex architectures that may mimic enzymes, the slight structural modification of commercially available scaffolds, or even repurposing highly available materials such as agarose. This Review discusses the development of supramolecular catalysts for cross‐coupling reactions, focusing mostly on the Suzuki, Heck and Sonogashira reactions promoted by such assemblies.
Convergent validity of the central sensitization inventory in women with fibromyalgia: Association with clinical, psychological and psychophysical outcomes
Authors: Valera‐Calero Juan Antonio , Úbeda‐D'Ocasar Edurne , Arias‐Buría José Luis , Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas César , Gallego‐Sendarrubias Gracia María , Cigarán‐Méndez Margarita
Published: August 2022

Background

To assess the relationship between demographic, clinical, psychological and pressure pain sensitivity outcomes with the central sensitization inventory (CSI) in female with fibromyalgia (FMS).

Methods

One hundred and twenty‐six (n = 126) females with FMS completed demographic (age, body mass index, height, weight), clinical (pain history, pain intensity at rest and during daily living activities), psychological (depression/anxiety levels) outcomes and widespread pressure pain sensitivity as well as the central sensitization inventory (CSI). After conducting a multivariable correlation analysis to identify the association between variables, a multiple linear regression model was performed to identify CSI predictors.

Results

The CSI was negatively associated with age (r = −0.262) and PPTs (r ranged from −0.221 to −0.372) and positively associated with anxiety (r = 0.541), depression (r = 0.415), mean intensity (r = 0.305), worst pain (r = 0.249) and pain during daily living activities (r = 0.398). The stepwise regression analysis revealed that 47.4% of CSI variance in this sample was explained by anxiety levels (27.8%), PPT at greater trochanter (10.5%), age (1.4%), years with pain (4.8%) and pain during daily living activities (2.9%).

Conclusion

The current study found that age, pain intensity at rest and pain during daily living activities, anxiety levels and pressure pain sensitivity are associated with the CSI (associated sensitization symptoms) in women with FMS.

Significance

This study found that sensitization‐associated symptoms in women with FMS are partially influenced by age, pain intensity at rest and pain during daily living activities, anxiety levels and pressure pain sensitivity.
A secure IoT based healthcare framework using modified RSA algorithm using an artificial hummingbird based CNN
Authors: Jacob T. Prem , Pravin A. , Kumar R. Raja
Published: August 2022

Recently, a wide variety of real‐world problems are solved via cloud computing, deep learning, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things (IoT). These methodologies are concerned with different areas like smart cities, agriculture, transportation systems, and healthcare systems. The existing researchers focused on the health care monitoring application along with IoT and cloud computing. It met several shortcomings in case of computational complexity, cost, time, and improper health care data storage and so forth. To overcome these challenges, the novel IoT‐enabled secure healthcare monitoring model is proposed in this study. At first, several sensors are deployed in the human body thereby collecting patients' data with respect to vital parameters like body temperature deviation. The patient's health record dataset consists of 10 attributes namely phone numbers, marital status, address, age, name, heartbeat rate, oxygen level, smoking, temperature, and blood pressure. The data size reduction and normalization are performed in the IoT medical sensor dataset which contains the redundant or irrelevant attributes that are eliminated during pre‐processing. The artificial hummingbird (AHB) algorithm‐based convolutional neural network (AHB‐CNN) model performs both feature extraction and classification of cancer disease. The AHB‐CNN model classifies whether the patient is prone to cancer or not based on the sensor input collected. The received results are then sent to the hospital management for analysis. The Rivest‐Shamir‐Adleman (RSA) encryption method is mostly used in this study due to the major benefits it gives in terms of asymmetric encryption, ease of use, simpler deployment, and high security associated with factoring large prime numbers. A modified RSA algorithm is used in this article which uses the double encryption‐decryption process and “n” prime numbers to enhance the security of the conventional RSA algorithm. The data is always encrypted during transit before being stored in the cloud or for further processing. Depending upon the experimental consequences, the proposed method established superior performances compared to other state‐of‐art techniques.
Laparoscopic entry techniques: Which should you prefer?
Authors: Raimondo Diego , Raffone Antonio , Travaglino Antonio , Ferla Stefano , Maletta Manuela , Rovero Giulia , Renzulli Federica , de Laurentiis Umberto , Borghese Giulia , Ambrosio Marco , Salucci Paolo , Casadio Paolo , Mollo Antonio , Seracchioli Renato
Published: August 2022

Background

Despite a debate spanning two decades, no consensus has been achieved about the safest laparoscopic entry technique.

Objectives

To update the evidence about the safety of the main different laparoscopic entry techniques.

Search Strategy

Six electronic databases were searched from inception to February 2021.

Selection Criteria

All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different laparoscopic entry techniques were included.

Data Collection and Analysis

Entry‐related complications and total time for entry were compared among the different methods of entry calculating pooled odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs); P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Main Results

In total, 25 RCTs (6950 patients) were included. Complications considered were vascular, visceral and omental injury, failed entry, extraperitoneal insufflation, bleeding and infection at the trocar site bleeding, and incisional hernia. Compared to direct trocar, the OR for Veress needle was significantly higher for omental injury (OR 3.65, P < 0.001), for failed entry (OR 4.19, P < 0.001), and for extraperitoneal insufflation (OR 5.29, P < 0.001). Compared to the open method, the OR for Veress needle was significantly higher for omental injury (OR 4.93, P = 0.001), for failed entry (OR 2.99, P < 0.001), for extraperitoneal insufflation (OR 4.77; P = 0.04), and for incisional hernia. Compared to the open method, the OR for direct trocar was significantly lower for visceral injury (OR 0.17, P = 0.002) and for trocar site infection (OR 0.27, P = 0.001).

Conclusions

The direct trocar method may be preferred over Veress needle and open methods as a laparoscopic entry technique since it appears associated to a lower risk of complications.
mibPOPdb: An online database for microbial biodegradation of persistent organic pollutants
Authors: Ngara Tanyaradzwa R. , Zeng Peiji , Zhang Houjin
Published: August 2022

Microbial biodegradation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is an attractive, ecofriendly, and cost‐efficient clean‐up technique for reclaiming POP‐contaminated environments. In the last few decades, the number of publications documenting POP‐degrading microbes, enzymes, and experimental data sets has continuously increased, necessitating the development of a dedicated web resource that catalogs consolidated information on POP‐degrading microbes and tools to facilitate integrative analysis of POP degradation data sets. To address this knowledge gap, we developed the Microbial Biodegradation of Persistent Organic Pollutants Database (mibPOPdb) by accumulating microbial POP degradation information from the public domain and manually curating published scientific literature. Currently, in mibPOPdb, there are 9215 microbial strain entries, including 184 gene (sub)families, 100 enzymes, 48 biodegradation pathways, and 593 intermediate compounds identified in POP‐biodegradation processes, and information on 32 toxic compounds listed under the Stockholm Convention environmental treaty. Besides the standard database functionalities, which include data searching, browsing, and retrieval of database entries, we provide a suite of bioinformatics services to facilitate comparative analysis of users' own data sets against mibPOPdb entries. Additionally, we built a Graph Neural Network‐based prediction model for the biodegradability classification of chemicals. The predictive model exhibited a good biodegradability classification performance and high prediction accuracy. mibPOPdb is a free data‐sharing platform designated to promote research in microbial‐based biodegradation of POPs and fills a long‐standing gap in environmental protection research. Database URL: http://mibpop.genome-mining.cn/
PEX1 is a mediator of α1‐adrenergic signaling attenuating doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Xie Huilin , Hu Huang , Huang Jihong , Chen Sun
Published: August 2022

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent used for cancer treatment, however, DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity is a serious clinical problem because it causes acute and chronic heart dysfunction. Many studies have indicated that the α1‐adrenergic receptor protects the heart from pathologic stress through activation survival signaling, however, the mechanism remains largely unknown. Previous studies have detected that the phenylephrine‐induced complex‐1 (PEX1) transcription factor, also known as zinc‐finger protein 260 (Zfp260), is an effector of α1‐adrenergic signaling in cardiac hypertrophy. Our present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of PEX1 in cardiomyocyte survival during DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity. Mice were exposed to a single intraperitoneal injection of DOX (15 mg/kg) to generate DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity. We found that PEX1 expression was downregulated in DOX‐treated murine hearts. PEX1 deficiency resulted in increased apoptosis, and conversely, PEX1 overexpression alleviated apoptosis induced by DOX in primary cardiomyocytes, as well as upregulated antiapoptotic genes such as BCL‐2 and BCL‐XL. Mechanistically, we identified that PEX1 might exert its antiapoptosis effect by playing a pivotal role in the action of α1‐adrenergic signaling activation, which depends on the presence of GATA‐4. Based on these findings, we supposed that PEX1 may be a novel transcription factor involved in cardiac cell survival and a promising candidate target for DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity.
Tau liquid–liquid phase separation: At the crossroads of tau physiology and tauopathy
Authors: Islam Majedul , Shen Fengyun , Regmi Deepika , Petersen Katherine , Karim Md Raza Ul , Du Deguo
Published: August 2022

Abnormal deposition of tau in neurons is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and several other neurodegenerative disorders. In the past decades, extensive efforts have been made to explore the mechanistic pathways underlying the development of tauopathies. Recently, the discovery of tau droplet formation by liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) has received a great deal of attention. It has been reported that tau condensates have a biological role in promoting and stabilizing microtubule (MT) assembly. Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that the transition of phase‐separated tau droplets to a gel‐like state and then to fibrils is associated with the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we outline LLPS, the structural disorder that facilitates tau droplet formation, the effects of posttranslational modification of tau on condensate formation, the physiological function of tau droplets, the pathways from droplet to toxic fibrils, and the therapeutic strategies for tauopathies that might evolve from toxic droplets. We expect a deeper understanding of tau LLPS will provide additional insights into tau physiology and tauopathies.
Concordance between the BD Onclarity and Roche cobas assays for detection of HPV DNA in a Chinese population
Authors: Wang Yakun , Li Tingyuan , Yin Jian , Liu Yin , Li Zhifang , Liu Yujing , Chen Tingting , Chen Simiao , Dai Yu , Cui Jianfeng , Liu Bin , Feng Xiangxian , Zhang Shaokai , Chen Wen
Published: August 2022

As cervical cancer screening shifts from cytology to human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, a major issue involves validating more HPV tests. In recent years, some HPV tests are used for clinical performance verification in China. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the BD Onclarity (Becton, Dickinson and Company)HPV assay differs from the Roche cobas (Roche Molecular Systems)HPV assay, as determined using 944 cervical samples, including 588 with sequencing results. In the nucleic acid assay accuracy verification, the assays showed excellent concordance for detection of HPV16 (κ = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89–0.97) and HPV18 (κ = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83–0.97), and very good concordance for the 12 other high‐risk types (HPV31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/66/68, κ = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.75–0.83). The overall agreement for HPV DNA detection between Onclarity and cobas was very good (κ = 0.7755). No difference for ≥CIN2 sensitivity was observed between Onclarity and cobas (both 96.5%), whereas the ≥CIN2 specificity for detection of Onclarity (16.6%, 95% CI: 13.7–19.9) was higher than that of cobas (11.5%, 95% CI: 9.1–14.5). Onclarity exhibited comparable screening performance and triage efficiency compared to cobas in the detection of cervical disease in Chinese women.
The Late Pleistocene megafauna of the Chulym River basin, southeastern West Siberian Plain: chronology and stable isotope composition
Authors: Kuzmin Yaroslav V. , Shpansky Andrei V.
Published: August 2022

New data were obtained for the Chulym River basin in the southeastern part of the West Siberian Plain, one of the understudied parts of Siberia in terms of age and composition of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes for Late Pleistocene megafauna. The 14C dates from the Sergeevo outcrop, the most complete section of Late Quaternary deposits in the region, are mostly greater than ~30 550 bp. Other localities yielded 14C values in the range from >44 500 to ~19 300 bp. The finite date of ~42 270 bp for the Khozarian steppe elephant (Mammuthus trogontherii chosaricus) from Asino is intriguing because previously it was not detected in the Late Pleistocene of Siberia after the last interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage 5e), ~115 000–130 000 years ago. Stable isotope data show both similarities and differences compared to the pre‐Last Glacial Maximum megafaunal species in other parts of Siberia.
Clinical outcomes of patients with Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System 3 or Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System 4 observations in patients with cirrhosis: A systematic review
Authors: Kanneganti Mounika , Marrero Jorge A. , Parikh Neehar D. , Kanwal Fasiha , Yokoo Takeshi , Mendiratta‐Lala Mishal , Rich Nicole E. , Gopal Purva , Singal Amit G.
Published: August 2022

Patients with indeterminate liver nodules, classified as LR‐3 and LR‐4 observations per the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System, are at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but risk estimates remain imprecise. We conducted a systematic review of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases from inception to December 2021 to identify cohort studies examining HCC incidence among patients with LR‐3 or LR‐4 observations on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Predictors of HCC were abstracted from each study, when available. Of 13 total studies, nine conducted LR‐3 observation‐level analyses, with the proportions of incident HCC ranging from 1.2% to 12.5% at 12 months and 4.2% to 44.4% during longer study follow‐up. Among three studies with patient‐level analyses, 8%–22.2% of patients with LR‐3 lesions developed LR‐4 observations and 11.1%–24.5% developed HCC. Among nine studies conducting LR‐4 observation‐level analyses, incident HCC ranged from 30.8% to 44.0% at 12 months and 30.9% to 71.0% during study follow‐up; conversely, 6%–42% of observations were downgraded to LR‐3 or lower. Patient‐level factors associated with HCC included older age, male sex, higher alpha‐fetoprotein levels, viral etiology, and prior history of HCC; observation‐level factors included maximum diameter, threshold growth, T2 hyperintensity, and visibility on ultrasound. Studies were limited by small sample sizes, inclusion of patients with prior HCC, short follow‐up duration, and failure to account for clustering of observations in patients or competing risks of transplantation and death. LR‐3 and LR‐4 observations have elevated but variable risks of HCC. Higher quality studies are necessary to identify high‐risk patients who warrant close CT or MRI‐based follow‐up.