bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Provision of HIV preexposure prophylaxis to female patients seeking family planning services in the United States
Authors: Satish Sanjana , Bravo Licia , McAllister Arden , Teitelman Anne M. , Sonalkar Sarita
Published: September 2022

Objective:

We conducted a scoping review to assess barriers to and facilitators of integrating HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and family planning (FP) at the patient, provider, and implementation levels, and to identify gaps in knowledge.

Methods:

We conducted a search of five bibliographic databases from database inception to March 2022: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus. Two reviewers screened abstracts and full texts to determine eligibility based on a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria. We categorized studies by their relevance to patient, provider, and implementation barriers, and extracted data based on prespecified elements.

Results:

Our initial search strategy yielded 1151 results, and 34 publications were included. Barriers to PrEP implementation in family planning settings included low PrEP knowledge among patients, hesitance to take PrEP due to perceived stigma, decreased willingness of providers unfamiliar with PrEP to prescribe PrEP, and limited financial and staffing resources that make prescribing and monitoring PrEP difficult. Facilitators included robust training for providers, stigma reduction efforts, leadership engagement, and increased resources specifically in settings with processes in place that ease the process of prescribing and monitoring PrEP.

Conclusions:

Advances in implementation strategy development, stigma reduction, and drug development will be essential to reinforcing PrEP care in family planning settings and thereby reducing the incidence of HIV in women through highly effective pharmacologic HIV prevention methods.
Comparing the Increased Intracranial Volume From Different Surgical Methods for Syndromic Craniosynostosis
Authors: Fang Cheng , Ji Min , Dong ChenBin , Li Jun , Ye XiuYa
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

Fronto-orbital advancement (FOA) is the traditional surgical method used to increase intracranial volume, but posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis (PVDO) has been gaining popularity as an initial treatment option. This study aimed to compare the effects of FOA and PVDO on intracranial volume.

Patients and Methods:

Sixteen patients with multiple-suture synostosis and severe intracranial volume restriction were treated with FOA or PVDO at Children’s Hospital of Fudan University between January 2016 and December 2019. Data on age at surgery, sex, preoperative intracranial volume, and postoperative intracranial volume were collected.

Results:

Seven patients underwent FOA and 9 underwent PVDO. All patients underwent surgery for the first time, and the surgeries were performed by the same physician. There was no statistically significant difference in age at surgery or in the intracranial volumes before and after surgery between the 2 groups (P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the intracranial volume changes between the 2 groups before and after surgery (P=0.028).

Conclusions:

Posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis provided statistically greater intracranial volume expansion than FOA.
Personality Traits in Patients With Cirrhosis Are Different From Those of the General Population and Impact Likelihood of Liver Transplantation
Authors: Thuluvath Avesh J. , Siddiqui Osama , Lai Jennifer C. , Peipert John , Levitsky Josh , Daud Amna , Mazumder Nikhilesh R. , Flores Anne-Marie , Borja-Cacho Daniel , Caicedo Juan C. , Loftus Corinne , Wong Randi , Mroczek Dan , Ladner Daniela P.
Published: September 2022

Background.

Personality traits influence clinical outcomes in chronic diseases, but their impact in cirrhosis is unknown. We studied the personality of patients with cirrhosis undergoing liver transplant (LT) evaluation and determined their correlation to clinical outcomes.

Methods.

A multicenter‚ prospective study of adult patients undergoing LT evaluation was performed from January 2018 to October 2019. The “Big Five” personality traits of conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, neuroticism, and agreeableness plus agency were assessed with the Midlife Development Inventory Personality Scale and compared with the general population. Frailty was assessed with the Liver Frailty Index.

Results.

Two hundred sixty-three LT candidates were enrolled. Twenty-four percent had hepatitis C virus, 25% nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and 25% ethyl alcohol (mean model for end-stage liver disease = 15.7). Compared with the general population, LT candidates had higher openness (3.1 versus 2.9;P< 0.001), extraversion (3.2 versus 3.1;P< 0.001), agreeableness (3.5 versus 3.4;P= 0.04), agency (2.9 versus 2.6;P< 0.001), neuroticism (2.2 versus 2.1;P= 0.001), and lower conscientiousness (3.3 versus 3.4;P= 0.007). Patients with higher conscientiousness were more likely to receive an LT (HR = 2.76;P= 0.003).

Conclusions.

Personality traits in LT candidates differ significantly from the general population, with higher conscientiousness associated with a higher likelihood of receiving a transplant.
A genome-wide CRISPR screen implicates plasma membrane asymmetry in exogenous C6-ceramide toxicity
Authors: Sarah Morris Siti Nur , Deol Kirandeep K. , Lange Mike , Olzmann James A.
Published: September 2022

The bioactive sphingolipid ceramide impacts diverse cellular processes (e.g., apoptosis and cell proliferation) through its effects on membrane dynamics and intracellular signalling pathways. The dysregulation of ceramide metabolism has been implicated in cancer evasion of apoptosis and targeting ceramide metabolism has potential therapeutic benefits as a strategy to kill cancer cells and slow tumor growth. However, the mechanisms of cancer cell resistance to ceramide-mediated cell death are vastly intertwined and incompletely understood. To shed light on this mystery, we performed a genome wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen to systematically identify regulators of cancer resistance to the soluble short chain ceramide, C6 ceramide (C6-Cer). Our results reveal a complex landscape of genetic modifiers of C6-Cer toxicity, including genes associated with ceramide and sphingolipid metabolism, vesicular trafficking, and membrane biology. Furthermore, we find that loss of the phospholipid flippase subunit TMEM30A impairs the plasma membrane trafficking of its binding partner the P4-type ATPase ATP11B, and depletion of TMEM30A or ATP11B disrupts plasma membrane asymmetry and promotes resistance to C6-Cer toxicity independent of alterations in C6-Cer uptake. Together, our findings provide a resource of genetic modifiers of C6-Cer toxicity and reveal an unexpected role of plasma membrane asymmetry in C6-Cer induced cell death.
Sources of Stress and Coping Mechanisms: Experiences of Maternal Health Care Providers in Western Kenya
Authors: Getahun Monica , Oboke Edwina N , Ogolla Beryl A , Kinyua Joyceline , Ongeri Linnet , Sterling Mona , Oluoch Iscar , Lyndon Audrey , Afulani Patience A.
Published: September 2022

The dynamic and complex nature of care provision predisposes healthcare workers to stress, including physical, emotional, or psychological fatigue due to individual, interpersonal, or organizational factors. We conducted a convergent mixed-methods study with maternity providers to understand their sources of stress and coping mechanisms they adopt. Data were collected in Migori County in western Kenya utilizing quantitative surveys with n=101 maternity providers and in-depth interviews with a subset of n=31 providers. We conducted descriptive analyses for the quantitative data. For qualitative data, we conducted thematic analysis, where codes were deductively developed from interview guides, iteratively refined based on emergent data, and applied by a team of five researchers using Dedoose software. Code queries were then analysed to identify themes and organized using the socioecological (SE) framework. Providers reported stress due to high workloads (61%); lack of supplies (37%), poor salary (32%), attitudes of colleagues and superiors (25%), attitudes of patients (21%), and adverse outcomes (16%). Themes from the qualitative analysis mirrored the quantitative analysis with more detailed information on the factors contributing to each and how these sources of stress affect providers and patient outcomes. Coping mechanisms adopted by providers are captured under three themes: addressing stress by oneself, reaching out to others, and seeking help from a higher power. Findings underscore the need to address organizational, interpersonal, and individual level stressors. Strategies are needed to support staff retention, provide adequate resources and incentives for providers, and ultimately improve patient outcomes. Interventions should support and leverage the positive coping mechanisms identified.
Cardiac muscle-restricted partial loss of Nos1ap expression has limited impact on electro- and echo-cardiographic features
Authors: Smith Alexa , Auer Dallas , Johnson Morgan , Sanchez Ernesto , Ross Holly , Ward Christopher , Chakravarti Aravinda , Kapoor Ashish
Published: September 2022

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of QT interval variation have identified common noncoding variants at the NOS1AP gene as the most common genetic regulators of trait variation in the general population. Invoking a cis-regulatory mechanistic hypothesis, we have reported identification of a functional enhancer variant underlying the GWAS signal that influenced human cardiac NOS1AP expression. Functional studies based on in vitro overexpression in murine cardiomyocytes and ex vivo knockdown in zebrafish embryonic hearts, by us and others, have demonstrated that NOS1AP expression levels can alter cellular electrophysiology. Here, to explore the role of NOS1AP in cardiac electrophysiology at an organismal level, we generated and characterized constitutive and heart muscle-restricted Nos1ap knockout mice to assess whether NOS1AP disruption alters the QT interval in vivo. Constitutive loss of Nos1ap led to genetic background-dependent variable lethality at or right before birth. Heart muscle-restricted Nos1ap knockouts generated using cardiac specific alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter-driven tamoxifen-inducible Cre resulted in tissue-level Nos1ap expression reduced by half. This partial loss of expression had no detectable effect on the QT interval, but led to a small yet significant reduction in the QRS interval. Given that challenges associated with defining the end of T wave on murine electrocardiogram can limit identification of subtle effects on QT interval, and that common noncoding NOS1AP variants are also associated with QRS interval, our findings support the role of NOS1AP in regulation of the cardiac electrical cycle.
Modeling diverse genetic subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma with a next-generation alveolar type 2 organoid platform
Authors: Naranjo Santiago , Cabana Christina M. , LaFave Lindsay M. , Romero Rodrigo , Shanahan Sean-Luc , Bhutkar Arjun , Westcott Peter M.K. , Schenkel Jason M. , Ghosh Arkopravo , Liao Laura Z. , Del Priore Isabella , Yang Dian , Jacks Tyler
Published: September 2022

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most common histological subtype, accounts for 40% of all cases. While existing genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) recapitulate the histological progression and transcriptional evolution of human LUAD, they are time-consuming and technically demanding. In contrast, cell line transplant models are fast and flexible, but these models fail to capture the full spectrum of disease progression. Organoid technologies provide a means to create next-generation cancer models that integrate the most advantageous features of autochthonous and transplant-based systems. However, robust and faithful LUAD organoid platforms are currently lacking. Here, we describe optimized conditions to continuously expand murine alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, a prominent cell of origin for LUAD, in organoid culture. These organoids display canonical features of AT2 cells, including marker gene expression, the presence of lamellar bodies, and an ability to differentiate into the AT1 lineage. We used this system to develop flexible and versatile immunocompetent organoid-based models of KRAS, BRAF, and ALK mutant LUAD. Notably, organoid-based tumors display extensive burden and complete penetrance and are histopathologically indistinguishable from their autochthonous counterparts. Altogether, this organoid platform is a powerful, versatile new model system to study LUAD.
Megahertz-rate ultrafast X-ray scattering and holographic imaging at the European XFEL
Authors: Zhou Hagström Nanna , Schneider Michael , Kerber Nico , Yaroslavtsev Alexander , Burgos Parra Erick , Beg Marijan , Lang Martin , Günther Christian M. , Seng Boris , Kammerbauer Fabian , Popescu Horia , Pancaldi Matteo , Neeraj Kumar , Polley Debanjan , Jangid Rahul , Hrkac Stjepan B. , Patel Sheena K. K. , Ovcharenko Sergei , Turenne Diego , Ksenzov Dmitriy , Boeglin Christine , Baidakova Marina , von Korff Schmising Clemens , Borchert Martin , Vodungbo Boris , Chen Kai , Luo Chen , Radu Florin , Müller Leonard , Martínez Flórez Miriam , Philippi-Kobs André , Riepp Matthias , Roseker Wojciech , Grübel Gerhard , Carley Robert , Schlappa Justine , Van Kuiken Benjamin E. , Gort Rafael , Mercadier Laurent , Agarwal Naman , Le Guyader Loïc , Mercurio Giuseppe , Teichmann Martin , Delitz Jan Torben , Reich Alexander , Broers Carsten , Hickin David , Deiter Carsten , Moore James , Rompotis Dimitrios , Wang Jinxiong , Kane Daniel , Venkatesan Sandhya , Meier Joachim , Pallas Florent , Jezynski Tomasz , Lederer Maximilian , Boukhelef Djelloul , Szuba Janusz , Wrona Krzysztof , Hauf Steffen , Zhu Jun , Bergemann Martin , Kamil Ebad , Kluyver Thomas , Rosca Robert , Spirzewski Michał , Kuster Markus , Turcato Monica , Lomidze David , Samartsev Andrey , Engelke Jan , Porro Matteo , Maffessanti Stefano , Hansen Karsten , Erdinger Florian , Fischer Peter , Fiorini Carlo , Castoldi Andrea , Manghisoni Massimo , Wunderer Cornelia Beatrix , Fullerton Eric E. , Shpyrko Oleg G. , Gutt Christian , Sanchez-Hanke Cecilia , Dürr Hermann A. , Iacocca Ezio , Nembach Hans T. , Keller Mark W. , Shaw Justin M. , Silva Thomas J. , Kukreja Roopali , Fangohr Hans , Eisebitt Stefan , Kläui Mathias , Jaouen Nicolas , Scherz Andreas , Bonetti Stefano , Jal Emmanuelle
Published: September 2022

The advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has revolutionized fundamental science, from atomic to condensed matter physics, from chemistry to biology, giving researchers access to X-rays with unprecedented brightness, coherence and pulse duration. All XFEL facilities built until recently provided X-ray pulses at a relatively low repetition rate, with limited data statistics. Here, results from the first megahertz-repetition-rate X-ray scattering experiments at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument of the European XFEL are presented. The experimental capabilities that the SCS instrument offers, resulting from the operation at megahertz repetition rates and the availability of the novel DSSC 2D imaging detector, are illustrated. Time-resolved magnetic X-ray scattering and holographic imaging experiments in solid state samples were chosen as representative, providing an ideal test-bed for operation at megahertz rates. Our results are relevant and applicable to any other non-destructive XFEL experiments in the soft X-ray range.
Paley and Hardy's inequalities for the Fourier-Dunkl expansions
Authors: Elgarna Anis
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Paley's and Hardy's inequality are proved on a Hardy-type space for the Fourier–Dunkl expansions based on a complete orthonormal system of Dunkl kernels generalizing the classical exponential system defining the classical Fourier series.

Design/methodology/approach

Although the difficulties related to the Dunkl settings, the techniques used by K. Sato were still efficient in this case to establish the inequalities which have expected similarities with the classical case, and Hardy and Paley theorems for the Fourier–Bessel expansions due to the fact that the Bessel transform is the even part of the Dunkl transform.

Findings

Paley's inequality and Hardy's inequality are proved on a Hardy-type space for the Fourier–Dunkl expansions.

Research limitations/implications

This work is a participation in extending the harmonic analysis associated with the Dunkl operators and it shows the utility of BMO spaces to establish some analytical results.

Originality/value

Dunkl theory is a generalization of Fourier analysis and special function theory related to root systems. Establishing Paley and Hardy's inequalities in these settings is a participation in extending the Dunkl harmonic analysis as it has many applications in mathematical physics and in the framework of vector valued extensions of multipliers.
Improved method for analysing the dynamic response of gear transmission systems
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Liu Xiaoxue , Li Xiangwei , He Weidong , Guo Hanfei
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose an improved method which can shorten the calculation time and improve the calculation efficiency under the premise of ensuring the calculation accuracy for calculating the response of dynamic systems with periodic time-varying characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach

An improved method is proposed based on Runge–Kutta method according to the composition characteristics of the state space matrix and the external load vector formed by the reduction of the dynamic equation of the periodic time-varying system. The recursive scheme of the holistic matrix of the system using the Runge–Kutta method is improved to be the sub-block matrix that is divided into the upper and lower parts to reduce the calculation steps and the occupied computer memory.

Findings

The calculation time consumption is reduced to a certain extent about 10–35% by changing the synthesis method of the time-varying matrix of the dynamics system, and the method proposed of paper consumes 43–75% less calculation time in total than the original Runge–Kutta method without affecting the calculation accuracy. When the ode45 command that implements the Runge–Kutta method in the MATLAB software used to solve the system dynamics equation include the time variable which cannot provide its specific analytic function form, so the time variable value corresponding to the solution time needs to be determined by the interpolation method, which causes the calculation efficiency of the ode45 command to be substantially reduced.

Originality/value

The proposed method can be applied to solve dynamic systems with periodic time-varying characteristics, and can consume less calculation time than the original Runge–Kutta method without affecting the calculation accuracy, especially the superiority of the improved method of this paper can be better demonstrated when the degree of freedom of the periodic time-varying dynamics system is greater.
Aerodynamic optimisation of civil aero-engine nacelles by dimensionality reduction and multi-fidelity techniques
Authors: Tejero Fernando , MacManus David , Hueso-Rebassa Josep , Sanchez-Moreno Francisco , Goulos Ioannis , Sheaf Christopher
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Aerodynamic shape optimisation is complex because of the high dimensionality of the problem, the associated non-linearity and its large computational cost. These three aspects have an impact on the overall time of the design process. To overcome these challenges, this paper aims to develop a method for transonic aerodynamic design with dimensionality reduction and multifidelity techniques.

Design/methodology/approach

The developed methodology is used for the optimisation of an installed civil ultra-high bypass ratio aero-engine nacelle. As such, the effects of airframe-engine integration are considered during the optimisation routine. The active subspace method is applied to reduce the dimensionality of the problem from 32 to 2 design variables with a database compiled with Euler computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations. In the reduced dimensional space, a co-Kriging model is built to combine Euler lower-fidelity and Reynolds-averaged Navier stokes higher-fidelity CFD evaluations.

Findings

Relative to a baseline aero-engine nacelle derived from an isolated optimisation process, the proposed method yielded a non-axisymmetric nacelle configuration with an increment in net vehicle force of 0.65% of the nominal standard net thrust.

Originality/value

This work investigates the viability of CFD optimisation through a combination of dimensionality reduction and multifidelity method and demonstrates that the developed methodology enables the optimisation of complex aerodynamic problems.
Examination of customer relations management in banks in terms of strategic, technological and innovation capability
Authors: Özdemir Sümeyye , Sonmez Cakir Fatma , Adiguzel Zafer
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Banks are fiercely competitive among themselves, focused on satisfying and retaining customers through the extensive use of technology for service innovation and delivery. In this context, the study aims to understand the impact of customer relationship management (CRM) and innovation capability, including strategy and technology elements, on customer satisfaction and the financial performance of banks.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample population of the study consists of bank employees. Analyzes were made using the SMARTPLS program, and within the scope of the study, data were collected from 272 bank employees.

Findings

As a result of the analyzes, it can be explained that the innovation capability coupled with the CRM strategy and related technology have positive effects on both financial performance and customer satisfaction.

Research limitations/implications

The research was conducted in banks that have an important position in the service sector. In terms of location, the data was collected in Istanbul because the headquarters are in Istanbul. Therefore, these limitations should be taken into account in future studies.

Originality/value

The research is quite new and up-to-date in terms of examining CRM from a strategic and technological point of view, as well as examining innovation competency.
Is relationship marketing investments–customer gratitude–customer loyalty linkage influenced by contextual and individual moderators? An emerging economy perspective
Authors: Mittal Saurabh , Maity Moutusy
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the moderating impact of four moderators, namely, retailer brand strength, customer’s perceived purchase regularity, gender and purchase channel (online and offline) on the relationship between relationship marketing investments (RMIs) and customer gratitude, and customer gratitude and customer loyalty. The context of research is the purchase of a high-involvement product by Indian customers.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adapts Huang RMIs-Gratitude-Loyalty model and empirically validates the associated hypotheses using structural equation modeling. Data is collected through the survey method.

Findings

The study (N = 385) results suggest a significant impact of preferential treatment and interpersonal communication investments on customer’s feeling of gratitude toward the retailer and, consequently, on loyalty. Purchase channel, gender and, to a lesser extent, customer perceived regularity each moderates the relationships between marketing investment and gratitude, and that between gratitude and loyalty; surprisingly, retailer brand is not a significant moderator.

Research limitations/implications

Future research can factor in the impact of loyalty program on the proposed relationships.

Practical implications

This research offers helpful guidelines for retailers, especially for those who currently have a multichannel presence and invest or plan to invest in relationship marketing to obtain benefits from customer loyalty.

Originality/value

This investigation explores not only the relevance of RMIs–gratitude–loyalty model in the Indian retail context but also the influence of moderating variables on the retailers’ efforts of gaining consumer loyalty.
Durable self-cleaning nano-titanium dioxide superhydrophilic coating with anti-fog property
Authors: Syafiq Amirul , Balakrishnan Vengadaesvaran , Rahim Nasrudin Abd.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to design the nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) coating system which has superhydrophilic property, self-cleaning mechanism and antifog property as well as strong adhesion on glass substrate.

Design/methodology/approach

Two hydrophilic materials have been used such as TiO2 nanoparticles as fillers and hydrophilic copolymer, Pluronic F-127 by using simple sol–gel approach. The prepared solution was applied onto glass through dip- and spray-coating techniques and then left for drying at ambient temperature.

Findings

The nano-TiO2 superhydrophilic coating has achieved the water contact angle of 4.9° ± 0.5°. The superhydrophilic coating showed great self-cleaning effect against concentrated syrup and methylene blue where thin layer of water washes the dirt contaminants away. The nano-TiO2 coating exhibits great antifog performance that maintains high transparency of around 89% when the coated glass is placed above hot-fog vapor for 10 min. The fog droplets were condensed into water film which allowed the transmission of light through the glass. The strong adhesion of coated glass shows no total failure at scratch profile when impacted with scratch load of 500, 800 and 1,200 mN.

Research limitations/implications

Findings will be useful in the development of self-cleaning superhydrophilic coating that is applicable on building glass and photovoltaic panel.

Practical implications

The developed nano-TiO2 coating is developed by the combination of hydrophilic organic copolymer–inorganic TiO2 network to achieve great superhydrophilic property, optimum self-cleaning ability and supreme antifog performance.

Social implications

The findings will be useful for residents in building glass window where the application will reduce dust accumulation and keep the glass clean for longer period.

Originality/value

The synthesis of nano-TiO2 superhydrophilic coating which can be sprayed on large glass panel and cured at ambient temperature.
Built in, not bolted on: responsible innovation in UK Centres for Doctoral Training – the new normal?
Authors: Ten Holter Carolyn , Stahl Bernd , Jirotka Marina
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the study detailed here was to engage with Directors of Centres for Doctoral Training (CDTs) during the first year of their new Centres to form a snapshot view of the nature and type of training that was being incorporated and how this might affect the wider institution – in this case the university. Using an organisational learning lens, this paper empirically examines the work-in-progress of the responsible innovation (RI) training in CDTs to assess how new RI understandings are being created, retained and transferred within the CDTs, questioning whether this process represents a programme of “institutionalisation”.

Design/methodology/approach

During the past decade, RI has become increasingly embedded within the EU and UK research context, appearing with greater frequency in funding calls and policy spaces. As part of this embedding, in its 2018 funding call for CDTs, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) required RI training to be included in the programme for all doctoral students.

Findings

The paper concludes that, at present, institutionalisation is highly variegated, with the greater organisational change required to truly embed RI mindsets.

Originality/value

The paper provides original, empirical research evidence of RI institutionalisation in UK CDTs, and, using a “learning organisation” lens, examines areas of value to both RI and learning organisation theory.
Adult children traveling with parents: exploring travel conflict and parents’ subjective well-being
Authors: Hu Jiajing , Ou Chuchu , Zhang Mengying , Cao Xingping
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Drawing on solidarity-conflict model, expectancy disconfirmation theory and bottom-up spillover theory, this study aims to explore how intergenerational conflict is linked to parents’ subjective well-being through the serial mediating effects of family intimacy and travel satisfaction, self-efficacy and travel satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a survey of 411 senior parents who have family travel experience, a structural equation modeling was performed to test the hypotheses.

Findings

This study demonstrated the negative impacts of intergenerational conflict on parents’ travel satisfaction and subjective well-being and further reveals two serial mediators through individual level and family level (i.e. self-efficacy → travel satisfaction; family intimacy → travel satisfaction).

Practical implications

The findings of this research generate valuable practical implications for family members and destination organizations. Adult children should consider different generations’ needs to choose tourism products, help parents reduce tension and negative emotions about unusual environments and build confidence. The destination organizations need to design family interaction projects with a sense of rituals to enhance family intimacy.

Originality/value

This study focusing on the intergenerational conflict of adult children traveling with parents, empirically examines the negative impacts of intergenerational conflict on parents’ subjective well-being, uncovers the detrimental effects of family travel; it breaks the stereotype that family travel is always full of joy, enriching research on intergenerational relationships and family travel.
A TikTok™ “Benadryl Challenge” death—A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Elkhazeen Abu , Poulos Chris , Zhang Xin , Cavanaugh John , Cain Matthew
Published: September 2022

TikTok™, a social media platform popular with teenagers and young adults, hosts a variety of short‐form user videos with durations from 15 s to 10 min. Among these videos are potentially dangerous “challenges,” such as the “Skull Breaker” challenge and the “Benadryl” challenge. Benadryl (diphenhydramine) is an over‐the‐counter medication with potential for misuse in both suicidal and recreational purposes. We report the case of a 14‐year‐old girl who reportedly ingested an unknown amount of diphenhydramine while taking part in a TikTok™ social media challenge. Autopsy revealed marked bilateral pulmonary congestion and edema, as well as a bright pink granular material within the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and proximal jejunum. A postmortem femoral blood sample result identified a lethal blood concentration of diphenhydramine (49,658 ng/ml). Physicians and other healthcare providers need to be aware of social media trends that may pose public health threats. Teenagers are a particularly susceptible group and need to be informed of the risks associated with these “challenges.” For the forensics field, a knowledge of and process for accessing social media platforms can be critical for investigating deaths. Given the extremely elevated concentration of diphenhydramine in this case, a knowledge of circumstances of death, the scene, and social media trends can assist the forensic pathologist in determining the correct manner of death—accident versus suicide.
The values we share: A multi‐method approach to understanding how perceived outgroup values are related to attitudes towards immigrants
Authors: López‐Rodríguez Lucía , Vázquez Alexandra , Constantin Andreea A. , Bonafonte María , Zagefka Hanna
Published: September 2022

Cultural understanding entails a recognition of outgroup values. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods, we analysed the perception of Spaniards of the core values of Moroccan immigrants across two online surveys, 139 interviews and an experimental study. In Study 1, participants spontaneously generated the values considered fundamental for Moroccans, rated such values on a continuum of negativity‐positivity and reported their attitudes towards Moroccans. In Study 2, participants were asked about the values that Spaniards and Moroccans (do not) share. In Study 3, participants were interviewed about the core values for Moroccans and those shared with Spaniards. Study 4 experimentally manipulated the salience of value‐sharing. An inductive analysis revealed that the perceived core values for Moroccans were related to family/community, material issues, religion and integrity. Study 2 showed that religion, gender‐universalism and culture/tradition were perceived as different values, whereas integrity, social‐interaction and family/community values were perceived as shared. Study 4 confirmed that making salient the common importance of family for Spaniards and Moroccans indirectly increased the perceived morality of Moroccan immigrants via perceived shared values. Implications for the way lay people think about the values of outgroups are discussed.
Human density modulates spatial associations among tropical forest terrestrial mammal species
Authors: Gorczynski Daniel , Hsieh Chia , Ahumada Jorge , Akampurira Emmanuel , Andrianarisoa Mahandry Hugues , Espinosa Santiago , Johnson Steig , Kayijamahe Charles , Lima Marcela Guimarães Moreira , Mugerwa Badru , Rovero Francesco , Salvador Julia , Santos Fernanda , Sheil Douglas , Uzabaho Eustrate , Beaudrot Lydia
Published: September 2022

The spatial aggregation of species pairs often increases with the ecological similarity of the species involved. However, the way in which environmental conditions and anthropogenic activity affect the relationship between spatial aggregation and ecological similarity remains unknown despite the potential for spatial associations to affect species interactions, ecosystem function, and extinction risk. Given that human disturbance has been shown to both increase and decrease spatial associations among species pairs, ecological similarity may have a role in mediating these patterns. Here, we test the influences of habitat diversity, primary productivity, human population density, and species' ecological similarity based on functional traits (i.e., functional trait similarity) on spatial associations among tropical forest mammals. Large mammals are highly sensitive to anthropogenic change and therefore susceptible to changes in interspecific spatial associations. Using two‐species occupancy models and camera trap data, we quantified the spatial overlap of 1216 species pairs from 13 tropical forest protected areas around the world. We found that the association between ecological similarity and interspecific species associations depended on surrounding human density. Specifically, aggregation of ecologically similar species was more than an order of magnitude stronger in landscapes with the highest human density compared to those with the lowest human density, even though all populations occurred within protected areas. Human‐induced changes in interspecific spatial associations have been shown to alter top‐down control by predators, increase disease transmission and increase local extinction rates. Our results indicate that anthropogenic effects on the distribution of wildlife within protected areas are already occurring and that impacts on species interactions, ecosystem functions, and extinction risk warrant further investigation.
Continuous Exposition in Mozart's Slow Chamber‐Music Movements
Authors: SUURPÄÄ LAURI
Published: September 2022

The literature on continuous exposition is characterised by two features: (1) concentration on the music of Haydn and (2) the examination of fast movements. This essay deviates from these starting points by examining Mozart's slow movements. The aim is to give close readings of a small number of works taken from a limited corpus rather than to provide an overview of Mozart's slow continuous expositions. The works concerned are the slow movements of three‐ and four‐movement chamber‐music works composed after 1775. Of the 42 slow movements in this corpus there are three with a continuous exposition: Larghetto from the Quintet for Piano and Winds, K. 452 (1784), Larghetto from the Quintet for Clarinet and Strings, K. 581 (1789), and Adagio from the String Quintet, K. 593 (1790). These expositions are analysed, and each of them is paired with another exposition from Mozart's slow chamber‐music works that features elements leading in K. 452, K. 581 and K. 593 to continuous organisation. The similarities notwithstanding, these expositions are interpreted as two‐part.
Surgical Treatment of Andersson Lesion of the Lumbar Spine with Minimal Invasion: A Case Report
Authors: Zhou Hong , Li Xuefeng , Liu Yijie , Wang Heng , Jiang Weimin
Published: September 2022

Background

Andersson lesion (AL) refers to a destructive vertebral or disco‐vertebral lesion of the spine in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Against the backdrop that the best surgical option for AL remains controversial, this work serves as the first case report of oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) combined with posterior pedicle screw fixation to treat AL of the lumbar spine under minimal invasion.

Case presentation

In this case report, the patient involved was a female aged 37 diagnosed with AL (L3‐L4). OLIF combined with pedicle screw fixation was carried out to achieve stabilization of the lumbar spine. It turned out that the patient experienced significant pain relief in her excellent post‐operative recovery, with her post‐surgical radiographs indicating good stability and bony fusion. The patient now remains disease‐free with no low back pain or neurological deficit at the two‐year follow‐up.

Conclusion

OLIF combined with pedicle screw fixation thus has proven to be an ideal therapeutic option for treating AL of the lumbar spine.
Long‐term cardiovascular mortality in women with twin pregnancies by lifetime reproductive history
Authors: Basnet Prativa , Skjærven Rolv , Sørbye Linn Marie , Morken Nils‐Halvdan , Klungsøyr Kari , Singh Aditi , Mannseth Janne , Harmon Quaker E. , Kvalvik Liv Grimstvedt
Published: September 2022

Background

Women with one lifetime singleton pregnancy have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality compared with women who continue reproduction particularly if the pregnancy had complications. Women with twins have higher risk of pregnancy complications, but CVD mortality risk in women with twin pregnancies has not been fully described.

Objectives

We estimated risk of long‐term CVD mortality in women with naturally conceived twins compared to women with singleton pregnancies, accounting for lifetime number of pregnancies and pregnancy complications.

Methods

Using linked data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry, we identified 974,892 women with first pregnancy registered between 1967 and 2013, followed to 2020. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for maternal CVD mortality were estimated by Cox regression for various reproductive history (exposure categories): (1) Only one twin pregnancy, (2) Only one singleton pregnancy, (3) Only two singleton pregnancies, (4) A first twin pregnancy and continued reproduction, (5) A first singleton pregnancy and twins in later reproduction and (6) Three singleton pregnancies (the referent group). Exposure categories were also stratified by pregnancy complications (pre‐eclampsia, preterm delivery or perinatal loss).

Results

Women with one lifetime pregnancy, twin or singleton, had increased risk of CVD mortality (adjusted hazard [HR] 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21, 2.43 and aHR 1.92, 95% CI 1.78, 2.07, respectively), compared with the referent of three singleton pregnancies. The hazard ratios for CVD mortality among women with one lifetime pregnancy with any complication were 2.36 (95% CI 1.49, 3.71) and 3.56 (95% CI 3.12, 4.06) for twins and singletons, respectively.

Conclusions

Women with only one pregnancy, twin or singleton, had increased long‐term CVD mortality, however highest in women with singletons. In addition, twin mothers who continued reproduction had similar CVD mortality compared to women with three singleton pregnancies.
Unified Integral Transforms and Non-Classical Eigenvalue Problems in Heat and Mass Transfer
Authors: Cotta R. M. , Knupp D. C. , Lisboa K. M. , Naveira-Cotta C. P. , Quaresma J. N. N. , Sphaier L. A.
Published: September 2022

The generalized integral transform technique (GITT) is reviewed as a computational–analytical methodology in linear and nonlinear convection–diffusion problems, based on eigenfunction expansions extracted from characteristic differential operators, coefficients, and boundary conditions present in the original partial differential problem formulation. Here, the emphasis is on the employment of nonclassical eigenvalue problems as the expansion basis, which do not fall into the more usual framework of Sturm–Liouville problems. The goal is to enable or improve the eigenfunction expansions convergence, by incorporating more information from the original operators into the chosen eigenvalue problem, while requiring the handling of such a more involved expansion base. In this concern, the proposed differential eigenvalue problem can itself be handled by the GITT, leading to an algebraic eigensystem analysis. Different classes of nonclassical eigenvalue problems are then reviewed and associated with typical applications in heat and mass transfer. Representative test cases are then chosen to illustrate the extended methodology and demonstrate the convergence rates attainable by this enhanced hybrid solution path.
System-Level Assessment of a Partially Distributed Hybrid Electric Propulsion System
Authors: Sahoo Smruti , Kavvalos Mavroudis D. , Diamantidou Dimitra Eirini , Kyprianidis Konstantinos G.
Published: September 2022

Hybrid electric propulsion system-based aircraft designs are paving the path toward a future greener aviation sector and thus, have been the major focus of the aeronautical community. The fuel efficiency improvement associated to such propulsion system configurations are realized at the aircraft level. In order to assess such benefits, a radical shift in the subsystem modeling requirements and of a conceptual-level aircraft design environment are necessary. This work highlights performance model development work pertaining to different hybrid electric propulsion system components and the development of a design platform that facilitates tighter integration of different novel propulsion system disciplines at the aircraft level. Furthermore, a serial/parallel partially distributed hybrid electric propulsion system is chosen as the candidate configuration to assess the potential benefits and associated tradeoffs by conducting multidisciplinary design space exploration studies. It is established that the distributed hybrid electric configurations pose the potential for aircraft structural weight reduction benefits. The study further illustrates the impacts of onboard charging during the low thrust requirement segments, quantitatively. The provision of onboard charging lowers the potential for block fuel savings, and improvement in battery specific energy can make it more promising, which is also dependent on the hybridization power level. It is established that distributed propulsion system configurations particularly benefit from a high aspect ratio wing structure, which manifests in high hybridization power levels. A high voltage level transmission system with more efficient electrical components enhances opportunities for achieving block fuel saving benefits.
Evolution of lithography-to-etch bias in multi-patterning processes
Authors: Panneerchelvam Prem , Agarwal Ankur , Huard Chad M. , Pret Alessandro Vaglio , Mani Antonio , Gronheid Roel , Demand Marc , Kumar Kaushik , Paolillo Sara , Lazzarino Frederic
Published: September 2022

Quantitatively accurate, physics-based, computational modeling of etching and lithography processes is essential for modern semiconductor manufacturing. This paper presents lithography and etch models for a trilayer process in a back end of the line manufacturing vehicle. These models are calibrated and verified against top-down scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cross-sectional SEM measurements. Calibration errors are within 2 nm, while the maximum verification error is less than 3 nm. A fluorocarbon plasma etch of the spin-on-glass (SOG) layer accounts for most of the etch bias present in the process. The tapered profile in the SOG etch step is generated due to the polymerization process by fluorocarbon radicals generated in the plasma. The model predicts a strong correlation between the etch bias in the SOG etch step and the neutral-to-ion flux ratio in the plasma. The second etch step of the flow, which etches the spin-on-carbon (SOC) layer using an H2/N2 plasma, results in a negative etch bias (increase in CDs) for all measured features. The ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen radical fluxes effectively controls the etch bias in this step, with the model predicting an increase in the etch bias from negative to positive values as the H-to-N ratio decreases. The model also indicates an aspect ratio dependent etch rate in the SOG and SOC etch steps, as seen in the etch front evolution in a three-dimensional test feature. The third and final step of the process, SiO2-etch, generates an insignificant etch bias in all the test structures. Finally, the accuracy of the etch simulations is shown to be dependent on the accuracy of the incoming photoresist shapes. Models that consider only the top-down SEM measurement as input and do not account for an accurate photoresist profile, suffered significant errors in the post-etch CD predictions.
A detection of the sea level fingerprint of Greenland Ice Sheet melt
Authors: Coulson Sophie , Dangendorf Sönke , Mitrovica Jerry X. , Tamisiea Mark E. , Pan Linda , Sandwell David T.
Published: September 2022

Rapid melting of ice sheets and glaciers drives a unique geometry, or fingerprint, of sea level change. However, the detection of individual fingerprints has been challenging because of sparse observations at high latitudes and the difficulty of disentangling ocean dynamic variability from the signal. We predict the fingerprint of Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) melt using recent ice mass loss estimates from radar altimetry data and model reconstructions of nearby glaciers and compare this prediction to an independent, altimetry-derived sea surface height trend corrected for ocean dynamic variability in the region adjacent to the ice sheet. A statistically significant correlation between the two fields (
P
< 0.001) provides an unambiguous observational detection of the near-field sea level fingerprint of recent GrIS melting in our warming world.
Tackling unlit and inefficient gas flaring
Authors: Duren Riley , Gordon Deborah
Published: September 2022

Emissions from flaring threaten the global climate and the health of local communities
Metabolite-driven antitumor immunity
Authors: Nathan James A.
Published: September 2022

An oncometabolite blocks T cell killing by inhibiting glycolysis
Better data, less gun violence
Authors: Morral Andrew R. , Smart Rosanna
Published: September 2022

For 25 years, the US government funded little research on firearm violence prevention. Although some dedicated researchers made important discoveries over this period, the scale of the research effort was not commensurate with the problem. Recently, however, there has been an unprecedented surge in research funding: the National Collaborative on Gun Violence Research, a private philanthropy, has awarded more than $21 million since 2018; the federal government has committed $25 million per year since 2019; and some states and other philanthropies have recently invested in such research programs.