bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous Mid-Infrared Star Formation Rate Indicators
Authors: Battisti A. J. , Calzetti D. , Johnson B. D. , Elbaz D.
Published: February 2015

We present continuous, monochromatic star formation rate (SFR) indicators over the mid-infrared wavelength range of 6–70 μm. We use a sample of 58 star forming galaxies (SFGs) in the Spitzer-SDSS-GALEX Spectroscopic Survey (SSGSS) at z<0.2, for which there is a rich suite of multi-wavelength photometry and spectroscopy from the ultraviolet through to the infrared. The data from the Spitzer infrared spectrograph (IRS) of these galaxies, which spans 5–40 μm, is anchored to their photometric counterparts. The spectral region between 40-70 μm is interpolated using dust model fits to the IRS spectrum anchored by Spitzer 70 and 160 μm photometry. Since there are no sharp spectral features in this region, we expect these interpolations to be robust. This spectral range is calibrated as a SFR diagnostic using several reference SFR indicators to mitigate potential bias. Our band-specific continuous SFR indicators are found to be consistent with monochromatic calibrations in the local universe, as derived from Spitzer, WISE, and Herschel photometry. Additionally, in the era of the James Webb Space Telescope this will become a flexible tool, applicable to any SFG up to z∼3.
A Herschel and CARMA view of CO and [C ii] in Hickson Compact groups
Authors: Alatalo Katherine , Appleton Philip N. , Lisenfeld Ute
Published: February 2015

Understanding the evolution of galaxies from the starforming blue cloud to the quiescent red sequence has been revolutionized by observations taken with Herschel Space Observatory, and the onset of the era of sensitive millimeter interferometers, allowing astronomers to probe both cold dust as well as the cool interstellar medium in a large set of galaxies with unprecedented sensitivity. Recent Herschel observations of of H2-bright Hickson Compact Groups of galaxies (HCGs) has shown that [C ii] may be boosted in diffuse shocked gas. CARMA CO(1–0) observations of these [C ii]-bright HCGs has shown that these turbulent systems also can show suppression of SF. Here we present preliminary results from observations of HCGs with Herschel and CARMA, and their [C ii] and CO(1–0) properties to discuss how shocks influence galaxy transitions and star formation.
The Narrow Line Region in 3D: mapping AGN feeding and feedback
Authors: Bergmann Thaisa Storchi
Published: February 2015

Early studies of nearby Seyfert galaxies have led to the picture that the Narrow Line Region is a cone-shaped region of gas ionized by radiation from a nuclear source collimated by a dusty torus, where the gas is in outflow. In this contribution, I discuss a 3D view of the NLR obtained via Integral Field Spectroscopy, showing that: (1) although the region of highest emission is elongated (and in some cases cone-shaped), there is also lower level emission beyond the “ionization cone”, indicating that the AGN radiation leaks through the torus; (2) besides outflows, the gas kinematics include also rotation in the galaxy plane and inflows; (3) in many cases the outflows are compact and restricted to the inner few 100pc; we argue that these may be early stages of an outflow that will evolve to an open-ended, cone-like one. Inflows are observed in ionized gas in LINERs, and in warm molecular gas in more luminous AGN, being usually found on hundred of pc scales. Mass outflow rates in ionized gas are of the order of a few M⊙ yr−1, while the mass inflow rates are of the order of tenths of M⊙ yr−1. Mass inflow rates in warm molecular gas are ≈ 4–5 orders of magnitude lower, but these inflows seem to be only tracers of more massive inflows in cold molecular gas that should be observable at mm wavelengths.
Investigating AGN/Starburst activities through ALMA multi-line observations in the mid-stage IR-bright merger VV 114
Authors: Saito Toshiki , Iono Daisuke , Yun Min S. , Ueda Junko , Espada Daniel , Hagiwara Yoshiaki , Imanishi Masatoshi , Motohara Kentaro , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Sugai Hajime , Tateuchi Ken , Lee Minju , Kawabe Ryohei
Published: February 2015

We present ALMA cycle 0 observations of the luminous merger VV 114. One of the main goals is to investigate mechanisms of molecular line ratio enhancement. Regions with the high 12CO (1–0)/13CO (1–0) and 12CO (3–2)/12CO (1–0) is located at a central filamentary structure (∼6 kpc) in VV 114. The filament consists of the eastern nucleus and the overlap region, where the galaxy disks are colliding. We also investigate these molecular line ratios on the Kennicutt-Schmidt law. VV 114 fills a gap between the “starburst” sequence and the “normal disk” sequence, and regions with the high ratios show the high ΣSFR and ΣH2. We suggest that the high ratios in VV 114 are due to star-forming activities in the both progenitor's nuclei and the merger-induced overlap region.
Why galaxies care about Type Ia supernovae?
Authors: Jiménez Noelia , Tissera Patricia B. , Matteucci Francesca
Published: February 2015

We implement the Single Degenerate (SD) scenario proposed for Type Ia Supernova (SNIa) progenitors in SPH simulations. We analyse the chemical evolution of bulge-type galaxies together with the observed correlations relating SNIa rates with the characteristics of the host galaxy, such as their SFR. The models reproduce the observed signatures shown by [O/Fe] ratios in the Galactic Bulge and the present day SNIa rates. Also, the observed correlation found by Sullivan et al. (2006) between SSFR (specific star formation rate) and the SNIa rate per unit of galaxy mass (SSNIaR), naturally arises. This analysis helps to set more stringent constraints to the galaxy formation models and gives some hint on the progenitor problem.
The Theory of Forming Submillimetre Galaxies
Authors: Narayanan Desika
Published: February 2015

Submillimetre-selected galaxies are the most luminous, heavily star-forming galaxies in the Universe. While this field has exploded observationally over the past decade and a half, theorists have struggled to develop a concordance model for their origin. Here, I review the major theoretical efforts in this field. I then present a newly developed model for the origin of this enigmatic population of galaxies.
Understanding the transformation of spirals to lenticulars
Authors: Johnston Evelyn J. , Aragón-Salamanca Alfonso , Merrifield Michael R.
Published: February 2015

By studying the individual star-formation histories of the bulges and discs of lenticular (S0) galaxies, it is possible to build up a sequence of events that leads to the cessation of star formation and the consequent transformation from the progenitor spiral. In order to separate the bulge and disc stellar populations, we spectroscopically decomposed long-slit spectra of Virgo Cluster S0s into bulge and disc components. Analysis of the decomposed spectra shows that the most recent star formation activity in these galaxies occurred within the bulge regions, having been fuelled by residual gas from the disc. These results point towards a scenario where the star formation in the discs of spiral galaxies are quenched, followed by a final episode of star formation in the central regions from the gas that has been funnelled inwards through the disc.
Galaxy Growth at Early Times from 3D Studies
Authors: Schreiber N. M. Förster ,   the SINS/zC-SINF & KMOS3D teams
Published: February 2015

Spatially- and spectrally-resolved studies have proven very powerful in exploring the processes driving baryonic mass assembly and star formation at redshifts z ∼ 1–3, the heyday of massive galaxy formation. This contribution presents selected key results from near-infrared integral field spectroscopic studies of z ∼ 1–3 galaxies, including from the SINS/zC-SINF and KMOS3D surveys with SINFONI and KMOS at the ESO Very Large Telescope, highlights synergies with observations at other wavelengths, and discusses some of the implications for early galaxy evolution from mass assembly to feedback processes.
The Evolution of Resolved Kinematics and Metallicity from Redshift 2.7 to 0.7 with LUCI, SINS/zC-SINF and KMOS3D
Authors: Wuyts Eva ,   the SINS/zC-SINF and KMOS3D Teams
Published: February 2015

The KMOS3D survey will provide near-IR IFU observations of a mass-selected sample of ∼600 star-forming galaxies at 0.7<z<2.7 with the K-band Multi Object Spectrograph (KMOS) at the VLT. We present kinematic results for a first sample of ∼200 galaxies, focusing on the evolution of the gas velocity dispersion with redshift. Combined with existing measurements, we find an approximate (1+z) evolution from z∼4 to the present day, which can be understood from the co-evolution of the gas fraction and specific star formation rate (sSFR) in the the equilibrium picture of galaxy evolution.

We combine the KMOS3D sample with data from the LUCI and SINFONI spectrographs, as well as multi-wavelength HST imaging from CANDELS, to address the relations between stellar mass, SFR, and the [N II]/Hα flux ratio as an indicator of gas-phase metallicity for a sample of 222 star-forming galaxies. We find a constant slope at the low-mass end of the mass-metallicity relation and can fully describe its redshift evolution through the evolution of the characteristic turnover mass where the relation begins to flatten at the asymptotic metallicity. At a fixed mass and redshift, our data do not show a correlation between the [N II]/Hα ratio and SFR.
Mapping and resolving galaxy formation at its peak epoch with Mahalo-Subaru and Gracias-ALMA
Authors: Kodama Tadayuki , Hayashi Masao , Koyama Yusei , Tadaki Ken-ichi , Tanaka Ichi , Shimakawa Rhythm , Suzuki Tomoko , Yamamoto Moegi
Published: February 2015

MAHALO-Subaru (MApping HAlpha and Lines of Oxygen with Subaru) project aims to investigate how the star forming activities in galaxies are propagated as a function of time, mass, and environment. It employs a unique set of narrow-band filters on MOIRCS/Subaru to search for Ha emitters associated to the proto-clusters or in narrow redshift slices in the general field. We have shown not only filamentary/clumpy structures of all the proto-clusters but also very high star formation activities therein especially at z > 2. HST images from the CANDELS survey have revealed that nearly half of the Hα emitters in the field at z ∼ 2 have clumpy structures. Among them, “red dusty clumps” are preferentially found at or near the mass center of galaxies. Therefore, they are probably linked to the formation of bulge component. To explore physical states and the mode of star formation of those forming galaxies, we have started Gracias-ALMA project in full coordination with the Mahalo-Subaru project. We will resolve molecular gas contents and dusty star formation within these galaxies, and tell whether clumps are formed by gravitational instability of gas rich disks, and whether bulges are formed by clump migration or through galaxy-galaxy mergers.
An Excess of Dusty Starbursts at z = 2.2
Authors: Dannerbauer Helmut
Published: February 2015

Searching for massive, dusty starbursts offers the great opportunity to trace galaxy overdensities and thus the cosmic web in the distant universe. I will present our APEX-LABOCA 870 μm imaging of the protocluster field of the radio galaxy MRC1138–262 — the so-called Spiderweb Galaxy — at z = 2.16, uncovering a large number of so-called submm galaxies (SMGs). The number counts already indicate an excess of SMGs compared to blank fields. Based on an exquisite multi-wavelength dataset, I will show that a large fraction of these massive, dusty starbursts are physically associated with the protocluster at z = 2.16. Finally, I will discuss both the properties of this starburst overdensity and their individual members.
A molecular scan in the Hubble Deep Field North
Authors: Decarli Roberto , Walter Fabian , Carilli Chris , Riechers Dominik
Published: February 2015

Our understanding of galaxy evolution has traditionally been driven by pre-selection of galaxies based on their broad-band continuum emission. This approach is potentially biased, in particular against gas-rich systems at high-redshift which may be dust-obscured. To overcome this limitation, we have recently concluded a blind CO survey at 3mm in a region of the Hubble Deep Field North using the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer. Our study resulted in 1) the discovery of the redshift of the bright SMG HDF850.1 (z = 5.183); 2) the discovery of a bright line identified as CO(2-1) arising from a BzK galaxy at z = 1.785, and of other 6 CO lines associated with various galaxies in the field; 3) the detection of a few lines (presumably CO(3-2) at z ∼ 2) with no optical/NIR/MIR counterparts. These observational results allowed us to expand the parameter space of galaxy properties probed so far in high-z molecular gas studies. Most importantly, we could set first direct constraints on the cosmic evolution of the molecular gas content of the universe. The present study represents a first, fundamental step towards an unbiased census of molecular gas in ‘normal’ galaxies at high-z, a crucial goal of extragalactic astronomy in the ALMA era.
Cold streams: detectability, relation to structure and characteristics
Authors: Goerdt Tobias
Published: February 2015

Cold gas streaming along the dark-matter filaments of the cosmic web is predicted to be the major provider of resources for disc buildup and star formation in massive galaxies in the early universe. We use hydrodynamical simulations to study to what extent these cold streams are traceable in the extended circum-galactic environment of galaxies via Ly alpha emission, Ly alpha absorption and selected low ionisation metal absorption lines. We predict the strength of the absorption signal produced by the streams and find that it is consistent with observations in high redshift galaxies. The characteristics of the Ly alpha emission of our simulated galaxies are similar in luminosity, morphology and extent to the observed Ly alpha blobs, with distinct kinematic features. We analyse the characteristics of the cold streams in simulations and present scaling relations for the amount of infall, its velocity, distribution and its clumpiness and compare our findings with observations.
Galaxy Mass Assembly with VLT & HST and lessons for E-ELT/MOSAIC
Authors: Hammer François , Flores Hector , Puech Mathieu
Published: February 2015

The fraction of distant disks and mergers is still debated, while 3D-spectroscopy is revolutionizing the field. However its limited spatial resolution imposes a complimentary HST imagery and a robust analysis procedure. When applied to observations of IMAGES galaxies at z = 0.4-0.8, it reveals that half of the spiral progenitors were in a merger phase, 6 billion year ago. The excellent correspondence between methodologically-based classifications of morphologies and kinematics definitively probes a violent origin of disk galaxies as proposed by Hammer et al. (2005). Examination of nearby galaxy outskirts reveals fossil imprints of such ancient merger events, under the form of well organized stellar streams. Perhaps our neighbor, M31, is the best illustration of an ancient merger, which modeling in 2010 leads to predict the gigantic plane of satellites discovered by Ibata et al. (2013). There are still a lot of discoveries to be done until the ELT era, which will open an avenue for detailed and accurate 3D-spectroscopy of galaxies from the earliest epochs to the present.
Investigating the evolution of merger remnants from the formation of gas disks
Authors: Ueda Junko , Iono Daisuke , Yun Min S. , Crocker Alison F. , Narayanan Desika , Komugi Shinya , Espada Daniel , Hatsukade Bunyo , Kaneko Hiroyuki , Matsuda Yuichi , Tamura Yoichi , Wilner David J. , Kawabe Ryohei , Pan Hsi-An
Published: February 2015

Our new compilation of interferometric CO data suggests that nuclear and extended molecular gas disks are common in the final stages of mergers. Comparing the sizes of the molecular gas disk and gas mass fractions to early-type and late-type galaxies, about half of the sample show similar properties to early-type galaxies, which have compact gas disks and low gas mass fractions. We also find that sources with extended gas disks and large gas mass fractions may become disk-dominated galaxies.
Molecular gas content in typical L* galaxies at z ∼ 1.5 − 3
Authors: Dessauges-Zavadsky Miroslava , Zamojski Michel , Schaerer Daniel , Combes Françoise , Egami Eiichi , Swinbank A. Mark , Richard Johan , Sklias Panos , Rawle Tim D. , Kneib Jean-Paul , Boone Frédéric , Blain Andrew
Published: February 2015

To extend the molecular gas measurements to typical L* star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at z ∼ 1.5 − 3, we have observed CO emission for five strongly-lensed galaxies selected from the Herschel Lensing Survey. The combined sample of our L* SFGs with CO-detected SFGs at z >1 from the literature shows a large spread in star formation efficiency (SFE). We find that this spread in SFE is due to variations of several physical parameters, primarily the specific star formation rate, but also stellar mass and redshift. An increase of the molecular gas fraction (fgas) is observed from z ∼ 0.2 to z ∼ 1.2, followed by a quasi non-evolution toward higher redshifts, as found in earlier studies. We provide the first measure of fgas of z >1 SFGs at the low-stellar mass end between 109.4 < M∗/M⊙ < 109.9, which shows a clear fgas upturn.
Mirage simulations of the massiv sample
Authors: Amram P. , Perret V. , Epinat B. , Bournaud F. , Contini T. , Divoy C. , Garilli B. , Kissler-Patig M. , Le Fevre O. , Lopez-Sanjuan C. , Moultaka J. , Pairo L. , Perez-Montero E. , Queyrel J. , Tasca L. , Tresse L. , Vergani D.
Published: February 2015

The MIRAGE sample (Merging & isolated high-redshift AMR galaxies; Perret 2014, PhD dissertation; Perret et al. 2014, AA 562, 1) has been built in order to understand the contribution of the merger processes to the mass assembly in the MASSIV (Mass Assembly Survey with SINFONI in VVDS, Contini et al. 2012, AA 539, 91) sample. It consists of a sample of idealized simulations based on the RAMSES code; the initial conditions were designed to reproduce the physical properties of the most gas-rich young galaxies. The sample is composed of 20 simulations of mergers exploring the initial parameters of mass and orientation of the disks with a spatial resolution reaching 7 parsecs.
How to Simulate Galactic Outflows?
Authors: Barai Paramita
Published: February 2015

A challenge in cosmological simulations is to formulate a physical model of star-formation (SF) and supernovae (SN) feedback which produces galactic outflows like that widely observed. In several models an outflow velocity (vout) and mass loading factor (η) are input to the sub-resolution recipe. We present results from our MUPPI model, which uses local properties of gas, and is able to develop galactic outflows whose properties correlate with global galaxy properties, consistent with observations; demonstrating a significant improvement in such work.
Kinematic properties of superbubbles in the Antennae, M83 and Arp 270
Authors: Camps-Fariña A. , Beckman J. , Zaragoza-Cardiel J. , Font J. , Fathi K. , Velázquez P. Fabian , Rodríguez-González A.
Published: February 2015

Superbubbles and large scale expansion in galaxies are important indicators of activity in galaxies: they are formed in starbursts and around active nuclei. Superbubbles can be used to give information about the star-forming region which produced them. We present in-depth results of our study of kinematically detected superbubbles using a method based on Fabry-Perot spectroscopy, which allows us to map regions of expansion across the entire disk of a galaxy. Three objects have been selected for this poster based on the interest of the results they show: two interacting galaxies, the Antennae and Arp270, at different stages of galaxy interaction, and the more isolated galaxy M83. We present the kinematic expansion maps, as well as a census of detected superbubbles and a dynamical study of their properties.
A 3D view of galactic winds in luminous infrared galaxies
Authors: Martín-Fernández P. , Jiménez-Vicente J. , Zurita A. , Mediavilla E. , Castillo-Morales A.
Published: February 2015

Galactic winds and outflows are an ubiquitous phenomenon in galaxies with active star formation and/or active nuclei. They constitute the main mechanism for redistributing dust and metals on large scales and are therefore a key ingredient to understand the life cycle of galaxies. Among galaxies, ULIRGs are of particular interest in this context, as they host intense starbursts and are likely to be the dominant star formers at z > 1. These objects have been shown to host important winds, but it is not yet known what is the frequency of galactic winds and their properties in galaxies with lower star formation rates (SFR). We are studying galactic winds in a sample of 21 galaxies with different SFRs (including ULIRGs) from observations with the INTEGRAL fiber spectrograph on the 4.2m WHT. In order to be able to address the complex multi–phase nature of the wind phenomenon, we have used the Na I D doublet absorption lines to trace cold gas, and a few emission lines (Hα, [N ii] and [S ii]) to trace the warmer ionized gas of the wind. The distribution and kinematics of both components in these objects is then analysed. Preliminary results show strong spatial correlation between regions with high non–circular velocities, areas with high star formation activity and regions with two different components in the emission lines. This set of data will help us to characterise the distribution and kinematics of the winds and their relation with the host galaxy type.
Interacting galaxies in 3D: Three case studies.
Authors: Fuentes-Carrera Isaura , Cárdenas-Martínez Nelli , Sánchez-Cruces Mónica , Rosado Margarita , Amram Philippe , Olguín Lorenzo , Borissova Jura , Verley Simon , Flores Héctor , Verdes-Montenegro Lourdes , Gonçalves Denise
Published: February 2015

We present 3D observations of three interacting galaxies in order derive their extended kinematics and to trace events such as violent star-formation (SF), mass-transfer, structure perturbation and the presence of energetic sources induced by the interacting processes.
Gas properties in the disc of NGC 891 from Herschel far-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Hughes Thomas M.
Published: February 2015

We investigate the physical properties of the interstellar gas in the nearby edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 891, using Herschel PACS/SPIRE observations of the most important far-infrared (FIR) cooling lines – [Cii] 158 μm, [Nii] 122, 205 μm, [Oi] 63, 145 μm, and [Oiii] 88 μm – obtained as part of the Very Nearby Galaxy Survey (P. I.: C. D. Wilson). We compare our observations to the predictions of a photo dissociation region (PDR) model to determine the gas density, n, and the strength of the incident FUV radiation field, G0, on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The majority of PDRs in NGC 891's disc exhibit properties similar to the physical conditions found in the spiral arm and inter-arm regions of the face-on M51 galaxy. We estimate a stronger FUV field in the far north-eastern side than compared to the rest of the disc.
A Radio-Optical Study of Resolved Star Formation in SAMI Galaxies
Authors: Leslie Sarah , Kewley Lisa , Sadler Elaine , Bryant Julia
Published: February 2015

With integral field spectroscopic data from the the Sydney-AAO Multi-object Integral-field spectrograph (SAMI) survey and the VLA, we will study the relationship between star formation (as traced by Hα emission) and the radio continuum emission within galaxies with the aim of better understanding the intricacies of local scaling relations.
Dust in FIR-bright ADF-S galaxies
Authors: Małek K. , Pollo A. , Takeuchi T. T. , Buat V. , Burgarella D. , Malkan M.
Published: February 2015

Multiwavelength Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) of far-infrared (FIR) galaxies detected in the AKARI South Ecliptic Poles Survey (ADF-S) allow to trace differences between [Ultra]-Luminous Infrared Galaxies ([U]LIRGS) and other types of star-forming galaxies (SF).
The impact of the orientation on the lobe asymmetry in 3C328 radio galaxy
Authors: Marecki Andrzej , Ogrodnik Mateusz
Published: February 2015

In the double-lobed Fanaroff-Riley type-II radio galaxy 3C328, one lobe is devoid of a~hotspot. We carried out the VLBA observations of the central component of 3C328 and we found there a jet pointing towards the lobe without a hotspot. We suggest that this is because the nucleus of 3C328 remained in off-state for some time in the recent past. No jets were produced during that period so both hotspots faded out. However, under the assumption that one lobe is much farther from the observer than the other, the hotspot of the far-side lobe can be perceived as not decayed yet due to the light-travel lag. Since activity of the nucleus has been restored, we obtain a proof that it is recurrent. It follows that the orientation of the jet is not a paradox.
New empirical metallicity calibrations: Joint analysis of CALIFA data and literature Te-based measurements
Authors: Marino R. A. , Rosales-Ortega F. F. , Sánchez F. , de Paz A. Gil ,   the CALIFA team
Published: February 2015

In Marino et al. (2013) we provide revisited empirical calibrations for the oxygen abundances in HII regions based on the O3N2 and N2 indicators. This work is based on the most comprehensive compilation of both Te-based and multiple strong-line (ONS-based) ionized-gas abundance measurements in external galaxies to date in terms of all statistical significance, quality, and coverage of the parameters space. Our dataset compiles the Te-based abundances of 603 HII regions extracted from the literature but also includes new measurements from the CALIFA survey. We also present a comparison between our revisited calibrations with a total of 3423 additional CALIFA HII complexes with abundances derived using the ONS calibration. The O3N2 and N2 indicators can be empirically applied to derive oxygen abundances calibrations from either direct-abundance determinations with random errors of 0.18 and 0.16, respectively, and they show shallower abundance dependencies and statistically significant offsets compared to the classical calibrations (as the one of Pettini & Pagel (2004)).
Evidence for Shocks and Increased SFE in the Lyman Alpha Reference Sample
Authors: Puschnig Johannes , Hayes Matthew , Östlin Göran
Published: February 2015

We report on first molecular gas observations in the Lyman Alpha Reference Sample (LARS; Hayes et al.2013, 2014, Östlin et al.2014), which were performed using the 45m telescope at the Nobeyama Radio Observatory (NRO). The beamsize at the observed 12CO (1–0) emission is ≈ 15” corresponding to ≈ 12kpc at the given redshift of z ≈ 0.04. We detected strong 12CO emission in LARS 3 (Arp 238), marginally detected LARS 8 (SDSS 1250+0734) and derived an upper limit for LARS 9 (IRAS 08208+2816).
The Angular Momentum Dichotomy
Authors: Teklu Adelheid , Remus Rhea-Silvia , Dolag Klaus , Burkert Andreas
Published: February 2015

In the context of the formation of spiral galaxies the evolution and distribution of the angular momentum of dark matter halos have been discussed for more than 20 years, especially the idea that the specific angular momentum of the halo can be estimated from the specific angular momentum of its disk (e.g. Fall & Efstathiou (1980), Fall (1983) and Mo et al. (1998)). We use a new set of hydrodynamic cosmological simulations called Magneticum Pathfinder which allow us to split the galaxies into spheroidal and disk galaxies via the circularity parameter ϵ, as commonly used (e.g. Scannapieco et al. (2008)). Here, we focus on the dimensionless spin parameter λ = J |E|1/2 / (G M5/2) (Peebles 1969, 1971), which is a measure of the rotation of the total halo and can be fitted by a lognormal distribution, e.g. Mo et al. (1998). The spin parameter allows one to compare the relative angular momentum of halos across different masses and different times. Fig. 1 reveals a dichotomy in the distribution of λ at all redshifts when the galaxies are split into spheroids (dashed) and disk galaxies (dash-dotted). The disk galaxies preferentially live in halos with slightly larger spin parameter compared to spheroidal galaxies. Thus, we see that the λ of the whole halo reflects the morphology of its central galaxy. For more details and a larger study of the angular momentum properties of disk and spheroidal galaxies, see Teklu et al. (in prep.).
Radio Recombination Line studies on M82 from LOFAR HBA observations
Authors: Toribio M. C. , Morabito L. K. , Oonk J. B. R. , Salgado F. , Tielens A. G. G. M. , Röttgering H. J. A.
Published: February 2015

We continue our search for extragalactic Carbon Radio Recombination Lines (CRRL) in M82 with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR; van Haarlem et al.2013). The goal of our project is to determine the physical conditions of the cold neutral gas in this object, for which low frequency radio recombination lines can provide a sensitive probe.
A 3D Search for the Interplay between AGN and Star Formation in Galaxies
Authors: Wolf Marsha , Hooper Eric , Sanders Ryan , Liu Charles
Published: February 2015

Integral field spectroscopy and radio interferometry are very powerful tools for studying the interplay between AGN and star formation (SF) in galaxies. We introduce a sample of SDSS galaxies with selection criteria designed to maximize our chances of catching both processes in action. The galaxies are post-starburst, potentially contain radio AGN, and are allowed, but not required, to have ongoing star formation. The resulting sample includes objects classified as traditional post-starbursts and ones that would have been classified as Seyferts based on their emission line properties alone. The systems span a range of merger phases from initial interaction to fully merged, providing snapshots throughout the entire sequence. We are compiling a multi-wavelength data set, including spatially resolved optical spectra from IFUs on WIYN and continuum radio maps from the VLA and GMRT. Here we present initial results on J0754+1648, an interacting system with a post-starburst region near a radio AGN surrounded by highly ionized gas. This object may be an example of SF truncated by AGN feedback.
Using 3D Spectroscopy to Probe the Orbital Structure of Composite Bulges
Authors: Erwin Peter , Saglia Roberto , Thomas Jens , Fabricius Maximilian , Bender Ralf , Rusli Stephanie , Nowak Nina , Beckman John E. , Beltrán Juan Carlos Vega
Published: February 2015

Detailed imaging and spectroscopic analysis of the centers of nearby S0 and spiral galaxies shows the existence of “composite bulges”, where both classical bulges and disky pseudobulges coexist in the same galaxy. As part of a search for supermassive black holes in nearby galaxy nuclei, we obtained VLT-SINFONI observations in adaptive-optics mode of several of these galaxies. Schwarzschild dynamical modeling enables us to disentangle the stellar orbital structure of the different central components, and to distinguish the differing contributions of kinematically hot (classical bulge) and kinematically cool (pseudobulge) components in the same galaxy.
The Distribution of Mass in (Disk) Galaxies: Maximal or Not?
Authors: Courteau Stéphane
Published: February 2015

The relative distribution of matter in galaxies ought to be one of the most definitive predictions of galaxy formation models yet its validation is challenged by numerous observational, theoretical, and operational challenges. All galaxies are believed to be dominated by an invisible matter component in their outskirts. A debate has however been blazing for the last two decades regarding the relative fraction of baryons and dark matter in the inner parts of galaxies: whether galaxies are centrally dominated by baryons (“maximal disk”) is of issue. Some of those debates have been misconstrued on account of operational confusion, such as dark matter fractions being measured and compared at different radii. All galaxies are typically baryon-dominated (maximal) at the center and dark-matter dominated (sub-maximal) in their outskirts; for low-mass galaxies (Vtot ≲ 200 km s− 1), the mass of the dark halo equals the stellar mass at least within 2 disk scale lengths, the transition occurs at larger effective radii for more massive galaxies. An ultimate goal for galaxy structure studies is to achieve accurate data-model comparisons for the relative fractions of baryonic to total matter at any radius.
Much of the ‘economics of property rights’ devalues property and legal rights
Authors: HODGSON GEOFFREY M.
Published: February 2015

Legal theorists and other commentators have long established a distinction between property and possession. According to this usage adopted here, possession refers to control of a resource, but property involves legally sanctioned rights. Strikingly, prominent foundational accounts of the ‘economics of property rights’ concentrate on possession, downplaying the issue of legitimate legal rights (Alchian, 1965, 1977; Barzel, 1994, 1997, 2002; von Mises, 1981). Some authors in this genre make a distinction between ‘economic rights’ and ‘legal rights’ where the former are more to do with possession or the capacity to control. They argue that ‘economic rights’ are primary and more relevant for understanding behaviour. But it is argued here that legal factors – involving recognition of authority and perceived justice or morality – have also to be brought into the picture to understand human motivation in modern societies, even in the economic sphere. As other authors including Hernando De Soto (2000) have pointed out, the neglect of the legal infrastructure that buttresses property has deleterious implications, including a failure to understand the role of property in supporting collateralized loans for innovation and economic development.
Triangulating territory: a case for pragmatic interaction between political science, political geography, and critical IR
Authors: Kadercan Burak
Published: February 2015

The relationship between the political and socially constructed nature of territory (or, territories’ ‘constitutive properties’) and international politics has recently attracted substantial attention from scholars hailing from political science as well as political geography and critical international relations. The conversations across these scholarly traditions, however, leave a lot to be desired. The question then becomes, how can we, if at all, facilitate further interaction and cross-fertilization across seemingly disparate literatures? This study proposes a strategy of ‘pragmatic interaction’, which entails three steps: (i) establishing a simple conceptual framework that would be both recognizable and agreeable to scholars hailing from different perspectives; (ii) emphasizing a number of research topics that are of relevance to these scholars; and (iii) examining some of the recent entries from the relative literatures in the light of the identified research topics. The analysis suggests that there is much potential for interdisciplinary cross-fertilization over two broad research areas – ‘territorial heterogeneity’ of the past and present global territorial orders and the relationship between territory and power – also driving attention to potential research venues such as territorial interpretations of the anarchy/hierarchy problematique and the interaction between identity and territoriality.
Money and multilateralism: how funding rules constitute IO governance
Authors: Graham Erin R.
Published: February 2015

International relations scholarship largely accepts that multilateralism lies at the heart of the liberal international order and is instantiated in formal, intergovernmental organizations. This paper revisits the conventional wisdom regarding the multilateral character of international organization (IO) governance by drawing attention to the funding methods used to finance contemporary IOs. I argue that different funding rules constitute different modes of governance. While mandatory funding rules are easily reconciled with traditional conceptions of multilateralism, voluntary rules are not. In particular, restricted voluntary funding rules devolve authority over funding decisions to individual actors, undercutting the collective decision making that is central to multilateral governance. I demonstrate the relevance of the argument in the case of the United Nations, which has transformed from an institution reliant primarily on mandatory contributions, to one disproportionately reliant on restricted, voluntary funds. The counterintuitive result is an increasingly bilateral United Nations. The paper contributes to our understanding of the relationship between multilateralism and IO governance, and has implications for literature related to institutional design, delegation, and development aid. In addition, it raises empirical and normative questions regarding reliance on voluntary funding.
Indicators in the ASEANstats Statistical Regime: A Case-Study on the Need for Accountability, Participation, and Transparency in International Governance by Indicators
Authors: KOH Matthew
Published: February 2015

Indicators are an important but often underrated means of international governance, with the power to regulate the thinking and conduct of international actors. This power should not go unregulated or unsupervised. Hence, this paper seeks to analyze ASEAN indicators from the viewpoint of global administrative law, and to consider the ways in which ASEAN indicators may possess regulatory characteristics. The paper reflects on the need to ensure that ASEAN indicators are generated in a way that is sufficiently transparent and accountable, and that allows participation from their targets, so that such indicators may be used constructively within ASEAN.
Highlights from the 15th International Congress of Twin Studies/Twin Research: Differentiating MZ Co-twins Via SNPs; Mistaken Infant Twin-Singleton Hospital Registration; Narcolepsy With Cataplexy; Hearing Loss and Language Learning/Media Mentions: Broadway Musical Recalls Conjoined Hilton Twins; High Fashion Pair; Twins Turn 102; Insights From a Conjoined Twin Survivor
Authors: Segal Nancy L.
Published: February 2015

Highlights from the 15th International Congress of Twin Studies are presented. The congress was held November 16–19, 2014 in Budapest, Hungary. This report is followed by summaries of research addressing the differentiation of MZ co-twins by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), an unusual error in infant twin-singleton hospital registration, twins with childhood-onset narcolepsy with cataplexy, and the parenting effects of hearing loss in one co-twin. Media interest in twins covers a new Broadway musical based on the conjoined twins Violet and Daisy Hilton, male twins becoming famous in fashion, twins who turned 102 and unique insights from a conjoined twin survivor.
Discordance of DNA Methylation Variance Between two Accessible Human Tissues
Authors: Jiang Ruiwei , Jones Meaghan J. , Chen Edith , Neumann Sarah M. , Fraser Hunter B. , Miller Gregory E. , Kobor Michael S.
Published: February 2015

Population epigenetic studies have been seeking to identify differences in DNA methylation between specific exposures, demographic factors, or diseases in accessible tissues, but relatively little is known about how inter-individual variability differs between these tissues. This study presents an analysis of DNA methylation differences between matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) and buccal epithelial cells (BECs), the two most accessible tissues for population studies, in 998 promoter-located CpG sites. Specifically we compared probe-wise DNA methylation variance and how this variance related to demographic factors across the two tissues. PBMCs had overall higher DNA methylation than BECs and the two tissues tended to differ most at genomic regions of low CpG density. Furthermore, although both tissues showed appreciable probe-wise variability, the specific regions and magnitude of variability differed strongly between tissues. Lastly, through exploratory association analysis, we found indication of differential association of BEC and PBMC with demographic variables. The work presented here offers insight into variability of DNA methylation between individuals and across tissues and helps guide decisions on the suitability of buccal epithelial or peripheral mononuclear cells for the biological questions explored by epigenetic studies in human populations.
Muographic mapping of the subsurface density structures in Miura, Boso and Izu peninsulas, Japan
Authors: Tanaka Hiroyuki K. M.
Published: February 2015

While the benefits of determining the bulk density distribution of a landmass are evident, established experimental techniques reliant on gravity measurements cannot uniquely determine the underground density distribution. We address this problem by taking advantage of traffic tunnels densely distributed throughout the country. Cosmic ray muon flux is measured in the tunnels to determine the average density of each rock overburden. After analyzing the data collected from 146 observation points in Miura, South-Boso and South-Izu Peninsula, Japan as an example, we mapped out the shallow density distribution of an area of 1340 km2. We find a good agreement between muographically determined density distribution and geologic features as described in existing geological studies. The average shallow density distribution below each peninsula was determined with a great accuracy (less than ±0.8%). We also observed a significant reduction in density along fault lines and interpreted that as due to the presence of multiple cracks caused by mechanical stress during recurrent seismic events. We show that this new type of muography technique can be applied to estimate the terrain density and porosity distribution, thus determining more precise Bouguer reduction densities.
Optical nano-woodpiles: large-area metallic photonic crystals and metamaterials
Authors: Ibbotson Lindsey A. , Demetriadou Angela , Croxall Stephen , Hess Ortwin , Baumberg Jeremy J.
Published: February 2015

Metallic woodpile photonic crystals and metamaterials operating across the visible spectrum are extremely difficult to construct over large areas, because of the intricate three-dimensional nanostructures and sub-50 nm features demanded. Previous routes use electron-beam lithography or direct laser writing but widespread application is restricted by their expense and low throughput. Scalable approaches including soft lithography, colloidal self-assembly and interference holography, produce structures limited in feature size, material durability, or geometry. By multiply stacking gold nanowire flexible gratings, we demonstrate a scalable high-fidelity approach for fabricating flexible metallic woodpile photonic crystals, with features down to 10 nm produced in bulk and at low cost. Control of stacking sequence, asymmetry and orientation elicits great control, with visible-wavelength band-gap reflections exceeding 60% and with strong induced chirality. Such flexible and stretchable architectures can produce metamaterials with refractive index near zero and are easily tuned across the IR and visible ranges.
Real-space anisotropic dielectric response in a multiferroic skyrmion lattice
Authors: Chu P. , Xie Y. L. , Zhang Y. , Chen J. P. , Chen D. P. , Yan Z. B. , Liu J. -M.
Published: February 2015

A magnetic skyrmion lattice is a microstructure consisting of hexagonally aligned skyrmions. While a skyrmion as a topologically protected carrier of information promises a number of applications, an easily accessible probe of the skyrmion and skyrmion lattice at mesoscopic scale is of significance. It is known that neutron scattering, Lorentz transmission electron microscopy and spin-resolved STM as effective probes of skyrmions have been established. In this work, we propose that the spatial contour of dielectric permittivity in a skyrmion lattice with ferromagnetic interaction and in-plane (xy) Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction can be used to characterize the skyrmion lattice. The phase field and Monte Carlo simulations are employed to develop the one-to-one correspondence between the magnetic skyrmion lattice and dielectric dipole lattice, both exhibiting the hexagonal symmetry. Under excitation of in-plane electric field in the microwave range, the dielectric permittivity shows the dumbbell-like pattern with the axis perpendicular to the electric field, while it is circle-like for the electric field along the z-axis. The dependences of the spatial contour of dielectric permittivity on external magnetic field along the z-axis and dielectric frequency dispersion are discussed.
From Dust Devil to Sustainable Swirling Wind Energy
Authors: Zhang Mingxu , Luo Xilian , Li Tianyu , Zhang Liyuan , Meng Xiangzhao , Kase Kiwamu , Wada Satoshi , Yu Chuck Wah , Gu Zhaolin
Published: February 2015

Dust devils are common but meteorologically unique phenomena on Earth and on Mars. The phenomenon produces a vertical vortex motion in the atmosphere boundary layer and often occurs in hot desert regions, especially in the afternoons from late spring to early summer. Dust devils usually contain abundant wind energy, for example, a maximum swirling wind velocity of up to 25 m/s, with a 15 m/s maximum vertical velocity and 5 m/s maximum near-surface horizontal velocity can be formed. The occurrences of dust devils cannot be used for energy generation because these are generally random and short-lived. Here, a concept of sustained dust-devil-like whirlwind is proposed for the energy generation. A prototype of a circular shed with pre-rotation vanes has been devised to generate the whirlwind flow by heating the air inflow into the circular shed. The pre-rotation vanes can provide the air inflow with angular momentum. The results of numerical simulations and experiment illustrate a promising potential of the circular shed for generating swirling wind energy via the collection of low-temperature solar energy.
Self-Assembled Wiggling Nano-Structures and the Principle of Maximum Entropy Production
Authors: Belkin A. , Hubler A. , Bezryadin A.
Published: February 2015

While behavior of equilibrium systems is well understood, evolution of nonequilibrium ones is much less clear. Yet, many researches have suggested that the principle of the maximum entropy production is of key importance in complex systems away from equilibrium. Here, we present a quantitative study of large ensembles of carbon nanotubes suspended in a non-conducting non-polar fluid subject to a strong electric field. Being driven out of equilibrium, the suspension spontaneously organizes into an electrically conducting state under a wide range of parameters. Such self-assembly allows the Joule heating and, therefore, the entropy production in the fluid, to be maximized. Curiously, we find that emerging self-assembled structures can start to wiggle. The wiggling takes place only until the entropy production in the suspension reaches its maximum, at which time the wiggling stops and the structure becomes quasi-stable. Thus, we provide strong evidence that maximum entropy production principle plays an essential role in the evolution of self-organizing systems far from equilibrium.
Fabrication of Nb2O5 Nanosheets for High-rate Lithium Ion Storage Applications
Authors: Liu Meinan , Yan Cheng , Zhang Yuegang
Published: February 2015

Nb2O5 nanosheets are successfully synthesized through a facile hydrothermal reaction and followed heating treatment in air. The structural characterization reveals that the thickness of these sheets is around 50 nm and the length of sheets is 500 ~ 800 nm. Such a unique two dimensional structure enables the nanosheet electrode with superior performance during the charge-discharge process, such as high specific capacity (~184 mAh·g−1) and rate capability. Even at a current density of 1 A·g−1, the nanosheet electrode still exhibits a specific capacity of ~90 mAh·g−1. These results suggest the Nb2O5 nanosheet is a promising candidate for high-rate lithium ion storage applications.