bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and determinants of under-nutrition among children on ART in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gelaw Walle Belete , Selomon Nigusie , Tiruneh Chalie Marew , Chekole Bogale , Kassaw Amare , Wubneh Moges , Assefa Yibeltal , Abebe Kelemu
Published: June 2024

Background

Children living with HIV/AIDS are particularly vulnerable to under-nutrition. Under-nutrition associated with HIV/AIDS infection increases the rate of morbidity and mortality in children. To reaffirm a future objective, there needs to be evidence regarding the current national burden of under-nutrition and related factors among children infected with HIV. Hence, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of under-nutrition, and the pooled effect sizes of associated factors among HIV-infected children in Ethiopia.

Methods

We searched Ethiopian universities’ online libraries, Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Scopus to find the primary studies for this review. Publication bias was checked through Egger’s regression test. Heterogeneity among the included studies was assessed using the I2 test. The data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and exported to STATA Version 14 statistical software. A random effect meta-analysis model was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of Under-nutrition.

Results

After reviewing 1449 primary studies, 16 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final meta-analysis. The estimated pooled prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting among children living with HIV/AIDS was 32.98% (95% CI: 22.47, 43.50), 29.76% (95% CI: 21.87, 37.66), and 21.16% (95% CI: 14.96, 27.35) respectively.

Conclusions

This study showed that under-nutrition among HIV-infected children in Ethiopia was significantly high. Under-nutrition is more common among HIV-infected children with opportunistic infections, child feeding problems, do not adhere to dietary recommendations, and have diarrhea. The national policies and strategies for ART service- provider centers should maximize their emphasis on reducing under-nutrition among HIV-infected children. Based on this finding, we recommend HIV intervention programs to address nutritional assessment and interventions for HIV-infected children.

Protocol registration

The protocol has been registered in the PROSPERO database with a registration number of CRD-394170.
Relative contribution of COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection to population-level seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies in a large integrated health system
Authors: Chervo Tyler C. , Elkin Eric P. , Nugent Joshua R. , Valice Emily , Amsden Laura B. , Ergas Isaac J. , Munneke Julie R. , Flores Monica , Saelee Gina N. , Hsiao Crystal A. , Schapiro Jeffery M. , Quesenberry Charles P. , Corley Douglas A. , Habel Laurel A. , Kushi Lawrence H. , Skarbinski Jacek
Published: June 2024

Background

Understanding the relative contributions of SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced and vaccine-induced seroprevalence is key to measuring overall population-level seroprevalence and help guide policy decisions.

Methods

Using a series of six population-based cross-sectional surveys conducted among persons aged ≥7 years in a large health system with over 4.5 million members between May 2021 and April 2022, we combined data from the electronic health record (EHR), an electronic survey and SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody binding assay, to assess the relative contributions of infection and vaccination to population-level SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence. EHR and survey data were incorporated to determine spike antibody positivity due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination. We used sampling and non-response weighting to create population-level estimates.

Results

We enrolled 4,319 persons over six recruitment waves. SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody seroprevalence increased from 83.3% (CI 77.0–88.9) in May 2021 to 93.5% (CI 89.5–97.5) in April 2022. By April 2022, 68.5% (CI 61.9–74.3) of the population was seropositive from COVID-19 vaccination only, 13.9% (10.7–17.9) from COVID-19 vaccination and prior diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 8.2% (CI 4.5–14.5) from prior diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection only and 2.9% (CI 1.1–7.6) from prior undiagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection only. We found high agreement (≥97%) between EHR and survey data for ascertaining COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection status.

Conclusions

By April 2022, 93.5% of persons had detectable SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody, predominantly from COVID-19 vaccination. In this highly vaccinated population and over 18 months into the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infection without COVID-19 vaccination was a small contributor to overall population-level seroprevalence.
Can trade and security alliance help reduce interstate war?
Authors: Choi Seung-Whan
Published: June 2024

This study explains how the gap between theory and empirical research hinders scientific progress in the area of international political economy. To demonstrate this point, I use Chen’s Extended Dependence Theory, which challenges liberal peace theory but fails to provide supporting empirical evidence. Chen contends that it is not trade dependence between two states that fosters peace but a challenger’s trade relations with the defense-pact partners of the target. Although Chen criticizes liberal peace proponents whose primary concern is how to deter war, his empirical analysis is confined to how to decrease (fatal) militarized disputes short of war. I argue that for his theory to succeed, it must be validated against the most severe and intense form of conflict. Using statistical tests and substantive significance, I uncover no peace-building effect, with regards to war, attributable to Extended Dependence. It appears that the Extended Dependence variable exhibits a ceiling effect. Future research should explain why economic ties and security institutions fail to work together to lower the risk of the most destructive form of conflict.
Do the unusual resignations of independent directors affect auditors’ professional judgment?
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Zigui
Published: June 2024

In Kangmei’s first trial judgment, where the independent directors faced significant joint and several liabilities, it triggered a "wave" of resignations among independent directors of listed companies. Auditors auditing financial reports of these companies might consider this a significant signal, raising the question: does this signal influence their professional judgment? The study examines the relationship between the resignation of independent directors and auditors’ professional judgment in A-share listed companies, following Kangmei’s initial trial. This examination is conducted across three dimensions: audit pricing, audit input, and audit opinion.The findings indicate that the unusual resignations of independent directors prompt uditors to pay increased attention to the risk of material misstatements by clients, primarily reflected in audit pricing. However, these resignations do not significantly impact audit input or the judgment of audit opinions. Furthermore, this research enriches the existing literature on audit pricing and the role of independent directors, while also unveiling the specific pathways through which the departure of independent directors impacts auditors’ professional judgment.
Screening instruments of cognition: The relation of the mini-mental state examination to the Edinburgh cognitive and behavioural ALS screen in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Serian Angela , Finsel Julia , Ludolph Albert C. , Uttner Ingo , Lulé Dorothée
Published: June 2024

Objective

The Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS) is an established cognitive screening instrument for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Different from tools like the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), it is adjusted for motor impairment, yet, the latter remains one of the most widely used screening instruments, also in ALS studies. Thus, it is of utmost importance to relate outcome scores of both instruments to allow for comparison in ALS patients. This study reports on the performance of ALS patients in both tests with regard to incidence and degree of cognitive impairment, and the correspondence of both, ECAS and MMSE scores.

Methods

We examined N = 84 ALS patients with the German versions of the ECAS and the MMSE. Performance in both tests regarding incidence and degree of cognitive impairment, and correspondence of frequency of cognitive impairment according to both tests was examined. The relationship between ECAS and MMSE scores was modelled with a non-linear regression model.

Results

All ALS patients were able to complete the ECAS, 89.3% (N = 75) were capable to complete the MMSE. Prevalence of cognitive impairment was in both tests 22.7%, however agreement was only 52.9%. Despite, regression analyses yielded a strong positive relationship (adjusted R2 = .68) between the ECAS total score and the MMSE total score. Both tests were able to identify all patients with dementia.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the MMSE is not ideal for cognitive screening in early-stage ALS patients. However, a rough translation of MMSE scores in ECAS scores is possible to estimate the cognitive performance level of patients, with the ECAS being more discriminative in the lower range of cognitive dysfunction (ECAS score: 80–136), for which the MMSE does not define cognitive impairment (corresponding MMSE score: 27–30).
Incidence of venous thromboembolism and bleeding in patients with malignant central nervous system neoplasm: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Veiga Viviane Cordeiro , Peres Stela Verzinhasse , Ostolin Thatiane L. V. D. P. , Moraes Flavia Regina , Belucci Talita Rantin , Clara Carlos Afonso , Cavalcanti Alexandre Biasi , Chaddad-Neto Feres Eduardo Aparecido , Batistella Gabriel N. de Rezende , Neville Iuri Santana , Baeta Alex M. , Yamada Camilla Akemi Felizardo ,   on behalf of the TROMBOGLIO Study Group
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Central nervous system (CNS) malignant neoplasms may lead to venous thromboembolism (VTE) and bleeding, which result in rehospitalization, morbidity and mortality. We aimed to assess the incidence of VTE and bleeding in this population. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD42023423949) were based on a standardized search of PubMed, Virtual Health Library and Cochrane (n = 1653) in July 2023. After duplicate removal, data screening and collection were conducted by independent reviewers. The combined rates and 95% confidence intervals for the incidence of VTE and bleeding were calculated using the random effects model with double arcsine transformation. Subgroup analyses were performed based on sex, age, income, and type of tumor. Heterogeneity was calculated using Cochran’s Q test and I2 statistics. Egger’s test and funnel graphs were used to assess publication bias. Results: Only 36 studies were included, mainly retrospective cohorts (n = 30, 83.3%) from North America (n = 20). Most studies included were published in high-income countries. The sample size of studies varied between 34 and 21,384 adult patients, mostly based on gliomas (n = 30,045). For overall malignant primary CNS neoplasm, the pooled incidence was 13.68% (95%CI 9.79; 18.79) and 11.60% (95%CI 6.16; 18.41) for VTE and bleeding, respectively. The subgroup with elderly people aged 60 or over had the highest incidence of VTE (32.27% - 95%CI 14.40;53.31). The studies presented few biases, being mostly high quality. Despite some variability among the studies, we observed consistent results by performing sensitivity analysis, which highlight the robustness of our findings. Conclusions: Our study showed variability in the pooled incidence for both overall events and subgroup analyses. It was highlighted that individuals over 60 years old or diagnosed with GBM had a higher pooled incidence of VTE among those with overall CNS malignancies. It is important to note that the results of this meta-analysis refer mainly to studies carried out in high-income countries. This highlights the need for additional research in Latin America, and low- and middle-income countries.
Effects of nonlinear thermal radiation on the efficiency of building integrated photovoltaic systems with nanofluid cooling
Authors: Badi Nacer , Laatar Ali Hatem , Ben Mabrouk Anouar , Alsharari Abdulrhman M. , Alghamdi Saleh A. , Albalawi Hani
Published: June 2024

The nonlinear effects of thermal radiation on the free convection flow of certain nanofluids along a heated wall are studied numerically using an original finite-difference method. Nanofluids are used to improve the performance of flat and curved integrated photovoltaic modules. The partial differential equations governing the flow are difficult to solve due to the strong non-linearity of the radiative term. In contrast to previous studies, the problem is solved directly without linearization by Rosseland’s nonlinear approximation. The proposed numerical method is validated with results from the literature. The effects of nonlinearity and various physical parameters such as time, volume fraction and radiation parameter on the velocity, temperature, Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient of the CuO-water nanofluid are analyzed and presented graphically. A comparative study between the solutions given by the linear and non-linear problems reveals that Rosseland’s linear approximation is no longer valid when the effect of thermal radiation is significant. On the other hand, the non-linear model better reflects the physical phenomena involved in the cooling process. Finally, a comparison of the performance of five nanofluids (CuO, Ag, Al2O3, Cu and TiO2 in water) shows that the Cu-water nanofluid performs best, with a high heat transfer rate and low shear stresses.
Integrate-and-fire-type models of the lateral superior olive
Authors: Ashida Go , Wang Tiezhi , Kretzberg Jutta
Published: June 2024

Neurons of the lateral superior olive (LSO) in the auditory brainstem play a fundamental role in binaural sound localization. Previous theoretical studies developed various types of neuronal models to study the physiological functions of the LSO. These models were usually tuned to a small set of physiological data with specific aims in mind. Therefore, it is unclear whether and how they can be related to each other, how widely applicable they are, and which model is suitable for what purposes. In this study, we address these questions for six different single-compartment integrate-and-fire (IF) type LSO models. The models are divided into two groups depending on their subthreshold responses: passive (linear) models with only the leak conductance and active (nonlinear) models with an additional low-voltage-activated potassium conductance that is prevalent among the auditory system. Each of these two groups is further subdivided into three subtypes according to the spike generation mechanism: one with simple threshold-crossing detection and voltage reset, one with threshold-crossing detection plus a current to mimic spike shapes, and one with a depolarizing exponential current for spiking. In our simulations, all six models were driven by identical synaptic inputs and calibrated with common criteria for binaural tuning. The resulting spike rates of the passive models were higher for intensive inputs and lower for temporally structured inputs than those of the active models, confirming the active function of the potassium current. Within each passive or active group, the simulated responses resembled each other, regardless of the spike generation types. These results, in combination with the analysis of computational costs, indicate that an active IF model is more suitable than a passive model for accurately reproducing temporal coding of LSO. The simulation of realistic spike shapes with an extended spiking mechanism added relatively small computational costs.
Collective action problems led to the cultural transformation of Sāmoa 800 years ago
Authors: Cochrane Ethan E. , Quintus Seth , Prebble Matthew , Tautunu Ta‘iao Aumua Ausilafa‘i Matiu , Autufuga Dolly , Laumea Mana , Queenin Alexandra , Augustinus Paul , Lincoln Noa Kekuewa
Published: June 2024

In this research we identify the processes leading to hierarchical society in a region of Sāmoa, the often-labelled ʻbirthplace’ of the Polynesian chiefdoms. Our analyses in the Falefa Valley on ʻUpolu island combine lidar mapping and ground survey to reveal an extensive system of archaeological features: rock walls, ditches, and platforms. Excavation and radiocarbon dating underpin a feature chronology and characterize feature variation. Soil nutrient analyses and geoarchaeological coring indicate spatial differences in the agricultural potentional of the valley and human modification of the environment over time. Our results demonstrate that the construction of large rock walls, some several hundred meters long, began approximately 900–600 years ago, shortly after rapid population rise in Sāmoa. This was followed by the building of small rock walls, often enclosing rectilinear fields or platforms. Both rock wall types are concentrated in the western and northern regions of the valley and greater rock wall densities are associated with areas of higher agricultural potential. The earliest wall construction was penecontemporaneous with partial forest removal that created a more productive wetland environment in the southeastern region of the valley, an area later a focus of agricultural ditching. We propose that with population rise the variable fertility of agricultural land became a significant resource gradient, influencing the population in two ways. First, areas of more fertile agricultural land promoted territorial behaviour, including large rock walls, and led to a collective action problem. Second, niche construction in the form of human-induced environmental change created a productive wetland agricultural system that was enhanced with a reticulate ditch network, the maintenance of which also led to a collective action problem. We conclude that in the Falefa Valley, the second largest catchment in Sāmoa, collective action problems were the cause of increased social hierarchy and may underlie the origins of chiefdoms throughout Polynesia.
Same-sex sexual behaviour among mammals is widely observed, yet seldomly reported: Evidence from an online expert survey
Authors: Anderson Karyn A. , Teichroeb Julie A. , Ramsay Malcolm S. , Bădescu Iulia , López-Torres Sergi , Gibb James K.
Published: June 2024

Same-sex sexual behaviour (SSSB) occurs in most animal clades, but published reports are largely concentrated in a few taxa. Thus, there remains a paucity of published reports for most mammalian species. We conducted a cross-sectional expert survey to better understand the underlying reasons for the lack of publications on this topic. Most respondents researched Primates (83.6%, N = 61), while the rest studied Carnivora (6.9%, N = 5), Rodentia (4.1%, N = 3), Artiodactyla (2.7%, N = 2), and Proboscidea (2.7%, N = 2). Most respondents (76.7%, N = 56) had observed SSSB in their study species, but only 48.2% (N = 27) collected data on SSSB, and few (18.5%, N = 5) had published papers on SSSB. Of the unique species identified as engaging in SSSB in the survey, 38.6% (N = 17) have no existing reports of SSSB to the knowledge of the authors. In both the survey questions and freeform responses, most respondents indicated that their lack of data collection or publication on SSSB was because the behaviours were rare, or because it was not a research priority of their lab. No respondents reported discomfort or sociopolitical concerns at their university or field site as a reason for why they did not collect data or publish on SSSB. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to assess whether taxa studied, education level, or identification within the LGBTQ+ community predicted observing, collecting data on, or publishing on SSSB, but none of these variables were significant predictors. These results provide preliminary evidence that SSSB occurs more frequently than what is available in the published record and suggest that this may be due to a publishing bias against anecdotal evidence.
Does LSD confer lasting psychological resilience? an investigation of naturalistic users experiencing job loss
Authors: Korman Benjamin A.
Published: June 2024

Recent studies on classic psychedelics have suggested that their use is associated with psychological strengths and resilience, thereby conferring users a type of psychological protection relative to non-users. However, this idea has been brought into question by recent findings suggesting that lifetime users of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) report worse mental health during stressful experiences. The current study addresses these mixed findings by examining whether LSD use prior to a stressful experience buffers against the psychological distress experienced in the wake of the stressful experience. This study draws on openly-available data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2008–2019) on 5,067,553 (weighted) unemployed, job seeking individuals experiencing job loss. Using purposeful respondent exclusion criteria to establish temporal precedence of the variables under investigation, this study offers a straightforward test of whether LSD use confers psychological resilience to naturalistic users. LSD use prior to job loss was associated with a higher likelihood of severe psychological distress following job loss, regardless of whether sociodemographic variables were controlled for or not. In sum, this study fails to find evidence for LSD-conferred psychological resilience in naturalistic users in the wake of a stressful experience.
Human coronavirus NL63 nsp1 induces degradation of RNA polymerase II to inhibit host protein synthesis
Authors: Hardy Kala , Lutz Michael , Takimoto Toru
Published: June 2024

Coronavirus (CoV) nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) is considered a pathogenic factor due to its ability to inhibit host antiviral responses by inducing general shutoff of host protein synthesis. Nsp1 is expressed by α- and β-CoVs, but its functions and strategies to induce host shutoff are not fully elucidated. We compared the nsp1s from two β-CoVs (SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2) and two α-CoVs (NL63 and 229E) and found that NL63 nsp1 has the strongest shutoff activity. Unlike SARS-CoV nsp1s, which bind to 40S ribosomes and block translation of cellular mRNA, NL63 nsp1 did not inhibit translation of mRNAs transfected into cells. Instead, NL63 nsp1 localized to the nucleus and specifically inhibited transcription of genes under an RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) promoter. Further analysis revealed that NL63 nsp1 induces degradation of the largest subunit of RNAPII, Rpb1. This degradation was detected regardless of the phosphorylation state of Rpb1 and was blocked by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. We also found that Rpb1 was ubiquitinated in NL63-infected cells, and inhibition of ubiquitination by a ubiquitin activating enzyme inhibitor (TAK243) prevented degradation of Rpb1 in virus-infected cells. These data reveal an unrecognized strategy of host shutoff by human α-CoV NL63: targeting host transcription by inducing Rpb1 degradation to prevent host protein expression. Our study indicates that viruses within the same family can use completely distinct mechanisms to regulate host antiviral responses.
Lick It: Challenge the Way You Experience Food, Marijie Vogelzang (2022)
Authors: Mei Ran
Published: June 2024

Review of: Lick It: Challenge the Way You Experience Food, Marijie Vogelzang (2022)

Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, 224 pp.,

ISBN 978-9-06369-650-4, p/bk, €19.99
Practice of networked content self-regulation in Malaysia: From industrial players to media users
Authors: Ong Sheue-Li , Lai Chooi-Ling , Chin Mui-Yin , Chong Shyue-Chuan
Published: June 2024

Information and communication technology is reshaping the world faster than ever. In parallel with the growth of content production and publishing tools, the volume of digital content has increased drastically. Malaysian authorities have established and authorized Content Forum to create a Content Code for imposing self-regulating standards on networked content. The Content Code served as the guiding principle for content creators in managing their content better. Industry players were early adopters of the Content Code. However, there has not been a strong awareness of the Content Code amongst the public. This research aimed to provide insights into the extent concerning how Malaysians are empowered in making an informed selection when consuming content across multiple screens and platforms. Thus, this research conducted focus group discussions and questionnaire distribution to fill this gap. The results showed that most people are aware of the Content Code, but not in detail. Instead, they have been selecting content intuitively based on their common sense and general knowledge. The findings of this study can provide insights to the authorities in increasing the awareness of Malaysians to exercise informed content selection when consuming networked content, therefore increasing the welfare of internet users.
“A gente já nasce sabendo”. A visão de Paulo Freire e os espaços como instrumentos discursivos em “Que horas ela volta?”
Authors: Von Behr Johan Gabriel Capucho
Published: June 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar como o longa-metragem “Que Horas Ela Volta?”, dirigido por Anna Muylaert, manifesta, como argumento dentro da obra e na interação empregador-empregado-espaço físico, uma relação de dominância e desigualdade social, à luz interdisciplinar dos Estudos Críticos do Discurso e dos conceitos apresentados na obra de Paulo Freire (1970, 1997). O texto multimodal investigado apresenta uma argumentação em relação ao discurso de desigualdade de classes que se manifesta também na interação entre pessoas e espaços. Cabe, portanto, a este trabalho o estudo da questão no que se refere à posição das classes e funções empregada-empregador manifestadas no filme, em relação aos espaços da casa, traçando-se a convergência com a situação sociocultural da realidade.
“El hogar en el que viviremos”. Una aproximación cualitativa a las estrategias residenciales para personas mayores
Authors: Ruiz Lorenzo Valeria , Vallejo Peña Francisco Alberto , Gómez Jiménez María Luisa
Published: June 2024

Los países desarrollados presentan, en un futuro próximo, un escenario de sociedades envejecidas que implica afrontar complejos problemas socioeconómicos. Entre ellos nos ocupamos, en la presente investigación, de abordar la vivienda adaptada a personas mayores. Cada vez una proporción menor de estas personas convivirá con sus hijos/as o nietos/as, dados los nuevos patrones que se imponen en nuestra sociedad. Además, el modelo de la residencia tradicional de personas mayores -la gran alternativa a finales del siglo XX- está en retroceso. Frente a estas formas, emerge como principal alternativa el ageing in place (envejecer en casa), siendo secundado por otros modelos como las viviendas tuteladas y el cohousing. Planteamos, por lo tanto, el reto de adaptar el sistema a estas nuevas tendencias e identificar las estrategias con mejor adaptación al caso andaluz. Para tal fin, se ha planteado la aplicación de un grupo de expertos, que ha permitido obtener propuestas específicas y justificadas de cara a futuras investigaciones e intervenciones en este ámbito. Entre ellas, destacan aspectos relacionados con la adaptación de las viviendas para el envejecimiento en casa, el uso de las nuevas tecnologías, así como estrategias de envejecimiento activo para atenuar los efectos de la soledad no deseada y la dependencia.
Comparison of SensPERT® Leishmania rapid test with two other immunochromatographic tests for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil
Authors: Pereira Mariana Elisa , Neves Maria Clara Bianchini , Almeida Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de , Sousa Valéria Régia Franco
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim: In urban environments, dogs serve as the primary reservoir for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Rapidly diagnosing canine VL through tests enables early treatment and a favorable prognosis. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of the SensPERT® Leishmania test kit (Dechra®), Alere® Leishmaniasis Ac test kit, and the rapid test dual path platform (TR-DPP®) Bio-Manguinhos in detecting VL.

Materials and Methods: 30 serum samples from reactive VL dogs and 30 serum samples from healthy dogs were employed for assessing the sensitivity and specificity variation between SensPERT® Leishmania test kit, Alere® Leishmaniasis Ac test kit, and rapid test dual platform – TR-DPP®.

Results: The SensPERT® Leishmania test outperformed Alere® and TR-DPP® in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and demonstrated near-perfect concordance with Alere® and substantial concurrence with TR-DPP®.

Conclusion: The SensPERT® Leishmania rapid test proved to be a promising test in the detection of VL in dogs.

Keywords: immunochromatography, Leishmania infantum, reservoir.
Comparison of Current Consumption and Data Rates in 5G NSA over FR2 and FR1 Bands
Authors:   SIDIA Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Pinheiro Bruno , Silva Daniel , Andrade Felipe , Ribeiro Rafael
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a comparison of current consumption in a 5G User Equipment (UE) under NonStandAlone (NSA) deployment when submitted to different scenarios, such as the number of antennas (MIMO), Carrier Aggregation (CA), and modulation schemes. The comparison will occur over the same network parameters but for Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and Frequency Range 2 (FR2) bands. Measurements were taken in laboratory using a setup with test stations for the simulation of LTE and NR Cells and a Control PC with Rapid Test Design (RTD) for the communication between the UE and the test stations, as well as the measurements itself. The results obtained through laboratory measurements show that FR1 scenarios cause less current consumption than FR2 scenarios. Also, the relationship between the electric current consumption and data rates is presented in both scenarios when the UE is connected over FR1 and FR2 network bands.
AHP to Operate Drones with Fire Extinguishing Grenades during High-rise Fires
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lee Sung Yeong , Park Jun Ha , Yang Su Yeon , Ryu Sangil
Published: June 2024

The study utilized AHP analysis to enhance the application of fire extinguishing agents in high-rise building fires. Experts identified institutional and policy improvements as the foremost priority, emphasizing the need for legal safeguards for private interests in similar situations. Alongside this, there was a strong emphasis on the significance of improving the performance of fire extinguishing agents. This research holds particular importance in guiding policy decisions, serving as foundational data for potential advancements in fire response strategies. Notably, experts suggest a focus on the deployment of fire extinguishing agent-loaded drones, especially in scenarios where access is challenging, such as high-rise buildings. The prioritization of institutional and policy improvements underscores the necessity for robust regulatory frameworks. Ultimately, the study contributes essential insights for shaping policies and technological enhancements to address high-rise building fires effectively.
Empowering Early Career Neurosurgeons in the Critical Appraisal of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: the Design and Evaluation of a Pilot Course
Authors: Jalal Arif Hanafi Bin , Ngai Victoria , Hanrahan John Gerrard , Das Adrito , Khan Danyal Z , Cotton Elizabeth , Sharela Shazia , Stasiak Martyna , Marcus Hani J , Pandit Anand S
Published: June 2024

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to play a greater role in neurosurgery. There is a need for neurosurgeons capable of critically appraising AI literature to evaluate its implementation or communicate information to patients. However, there are a lack of courses delivered at a level appropriate for individuals to develop such skills. We assessed the impact of an online digital literacy course on the ability of individuals to critically appraise AI literature in neurosurgery.

Methods: We performed a prospective, non-randomised, controlled study with a mixed-methods analysis. The intervention arm comprised of individuals enrolled in our two-day digital health literacy course, with a waiting-list control arm used for comparison. We assessed participants’ pre- and post-course knowledge, confidence and course acceptability using Qualtrics surveys.

Results: A total of 62 participants (33 participants, 29 waitlist controls), including neurosurgical trainees and both undergraduate and post-graduate students, attended the course and completed the pre-course survey. The two groups did not vary significantly in terms of age or demographics. Following the course, participants significantly improved in their knowledge of AI (mean difference=3.86, 95% CI=2.97-4.75, p-value<0.0001) and confidence in critically appraising literature using AI (p-value=0.002). Similar differences in knowledge (mean difference=3.15, 95% CI=1.82-4.47, p-value<0.0001) and confidence (p-value<0.0001) were found when compared to the control group.

Conclusion: Bespoke courses delivered at an appropriate level can improve clinicians’ understanding of the application of AI in neurosurgery, without the need for in-depth technical knowledge or programming skills.
Acoustic Detection and Quantification of Fish in Lancang Waters of Seribu Islands, Indonesia
Authors: Purnawan Syahrul , Manik Henry M. , Manik Agustina Sartika , Elson La , Kang Myounghee
Published: June 2024

Sound propagates effectively through the water column, establishing hydroacoustic technology as a premier method for underwater exploration, including the mapping of aquatic ecological resources. While the fisheries sector is considered pivotal in aquatic resource studies, mapping fisheries remains challenging due to the distinct distribution patterns exhibited by fish within the water column, which are intricately linked to their habitat preferences. In this study, the hydroacoustic method was employed to analyze the distribution of fish in the waters surrounding Lancang Island, Seribu Islands, Jakarta.  This analysis utilized the target strength (TS) value alongside oceanographic parameters. Acoustic data was collected using a 200 kHz single beam echosounder based on parallel transects encircling the waters of Lancang Island. CTD was utilized to collect oceanographic data to acquire temperature and salinity profiles within the water column. The acoustic data processing was conducted using the post-processing software SONAR 5-pro. The analysis was performed based on acoustic cells, obtained by dividing segments every 100 m horizontally and layers every 5 m vertically, thereby obtaining the Target Strength per cell (TSc) and volume backscattering strength (SV) values from each cell. The results showed that the highest average TSc value was found in the depth range of 26-31 m at -46.98 dB, and the highest SED biomass was also found in the same depth range at 26.6 kg.ha-1. Based on the analysis of water temperature and salinity, it was found that these factors significantly influence the distribution of fish in the waters of Lancang Island (R-square= 0.1276 and P< 0.05). This finding also indicates the presence of other parameters affecting fish distribution in Lancang waters, with the type of substrate and habitat emerging as potential determining factors, notably in coral reef environments.
Comparative Morphology of Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bowdich, 1825) From Three Estuaries Adjoining the Gulf of Guinea, Nigeria
Authors: Eriegha Ochuko Joshua , Ekelemu Jerimoth Kesena , Nwachi Oster Francis
Published: June 2024

Environmental interactions have long been considered an important factor in morphological differentiation in fish species. This study evaluated the morphological variations in Ethmalosa fimbriata from three water bodies (Qua Iboe estuary, Escravos estuary, and Lagos lagoon) adjoining the Gulf of Guinea, Nigeria. Fish samples were collected with the assistance of fishers using nets and were taken to the laboratory, where they were identified. Morphological evaluations were thereafter made on a total of 450 samples, comprising 150 random samples from each water body. Fish from the Qua Iboe estuary and Lagos lagoon shared the most morphometric characteristics (weight, standard length, dorsal fin base, and caudal peduncle length) that were significantly different (P< 0.05) from those in the Escravos estuary. The length-weight regression of E. fimbriata can be described by the following equation: W = 0.163TL2.7078, W = 0.1915TL1.4322, and W = 0.2039TL1.4394 for Qua Iboe estuary, Escravos estuary, and Lagos lagoon, respectively. The regression coefficient b revealed that all three populations of E. fimbriata had a negative allometric growth pattern. Fish samples from the Lagos lagoon had the highest condition factor (1.01±0.02) while those from the Escravos estuary had the least (0.79±0.02). Conclusively, the study revealed that E. fimbriata from the Escravos estuary was less fit compared with the other water bodies. This may be attributed to crude oil pollution, overfishing, and frequent water disturbance by vessels. The data generated is critical to understanding population dynamics and further contributing to sustainable fisheries practices, management, and conservation efforts.
Seasonal Constellation of Juvenile Whale Sharks in Gorontalo Bay Coastal Park
Authors: Yasir Moh. , Hartati Retno , Indrayanti Elis , Amar Fahri , Tarigan Ariyo Imanuel
Published: June 2024

The whale shark (Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828) is the largest extant fish species in the world, and it is endangered, with population numbers declining in the last three decades. The appearance of whale sharks in the Botubarani Waters has attracted a lot of attention. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the whale shark's appearance, their habitat constellation pattern, and its oceanographic conditions. This research was conducted during the 2019-2022 period. The Photographic Identification (Photo-ID) method is used to observe and determine whale shark individual's number and pattern of presence. Oceanographic data includes chlorophyll-a concentration using Ocean Color Image (CCI) data and sea surface temperature (SST) using OSTIA image data processed with Interactive Data Language (IDL) software. The research showed there are 38 individuals with an estimated total length ranging from 2.3 to 7.3 meters. All whale sharks appearing in Botubarani include juvenile male individuals with a composition of 53% new individuals (N=20) and 47% (N=18) old individuals seen again with a rare seasonal and sporadic presence pattern mainly in the Eastern season (June). The average SST value during the study period ranged from 28.36-30.29⁰C while chlorophyll-a ranged from 0.174-0.698 mg.m-3. Although the present findings show that the whale shark's appearance in Botubarani waters was not significantly influenced by SST and chlorophyll-a, it might be affected by other oceanography factors such as Sea Surface Height Distribution (SSHD) and depth (Bathymetry). As the Botubarani aggregation site is the only whale shark emergence area with easy access throughout the year and is rapidly developing into a new ecotourism industry in Indonesia; the information on whale shark appearance provides useful support for the sustainable protection and Whale Sharks conservation in the future.
The role of pannexin/purinergic signaling in intervascular communication from capillaries during skeletal muscle contraction in male Golden hamsters
Authors: Lamb Iain R. , Novielli‐Kuntz Nicole M. , Murrant Coral L.
Published: June 2024

We sought to determine the physiological relevance of pannexin/purinergic‐dependent signaling in mediating conducted vasodilation elicited by capillary stimulation through skeletal muscle contraction. Using hamster cremaster muscle and intravital microscopy we stimulated capillaries through local muscle contraction while observing the associated upstream arteriole. Capillaries were stimulated with muscle contraction at low and high contraction (6 and 60CPM) and stimulus frequencies (4 and 40 Hz) in the absence and presence of pannexin blocker mefloquine (MEF; 10−5 M), purinergic receptor antagonist suramin (SUR 10−5 M) and gap‐junction uncoupler halothane (HALO, 0.07%) applied between the capillary stimulation site and the upstream arteriolar observation site. Conducted vasodilations elicited at 6CPM were inhibited by HALO while vasodilations at 60CPM were inhibited by MEF and SUR. The conducted response elicited at 4 Hz was inhibited by MEF while the vasodilation at 40 Hz was unaffected by any blocker. Therefore, upstream vasodilations resulting from capillary stimulation via muscle contraction are dependent upon a pannexin/purinergic‐dependent pathway that appears to be stimulation parameter‐dependent. Our data highlight a physiological importance of the pannexin/purinergic pathway in facilitating communication between capillaries and upstream arteriolar microvasculature and, consequently, indicating that this pathway may play a crucial role in regulating blood flow in response to skeletal muscle contraction.
Measurement of arterial occlusion pressure using straight and curved blood flow restriction cuffs
Authors: Vehrs Pat R. , Hager Ron , Richards Nathan Dayne , Richards Shay , Baker Luke , Burbank Tyler , Clegg Shelby , Frazier Isabelle Katherine , Nielsen Josh Richard , Watkin Jessica Harkleroad
Published: June 2024

Arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) is influenced by the characteristics of the cuff used to measure AOP. Doppler ultrasound was used to measure AOP of the brachial and superficial femoral arteries using straight and curved blood flow restriction cuffs in 21 males and 21 females. Vessel diameter and blood flow were evaluated as independent predictors of AOP. Overall, there were no significant differences in AOP when using the straight and curved cuffs in the brachial (129 mmHg vs. 128 mmHg) or superficial femoral artery (202 mmHg vs. 200 mmHg), respectively. Overall, AOP was greater (p < 0.05) in males than in females in the arm (135 mmHg, 123 mmHg) and leg (211 mmHg, 191 mmHg). Brachial (0.376 mm, 0.323 mm) and superficial femoral (0.547 mm, 0.486 mm) arteries were larger (p = 0.016) in males than in females, respectively. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and arm circumference were predictive of brachial artery AOP, whereas SBP, diastolic blood pressure, thigh circumference, and vessel diameter were predictive of superficial femoral artery AOP. Straight and curved cuffs are efficacious in the measurement of AOP in the arm and leg. Differences in vessel size may contribute to sex differences in AOP but this requires further investigation.
Direct and acute effects of advanced glycation end products on proteostasis in isolated mouse skeletal muscle
Authors: Zhao Haiyu , Iyama Ryota , Kurogi Eriko , Hayashi Tatsuya , Egawa Tatsuro
Published: June 2024

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been implicated in several skeletal muscle dysfunctions. However, whether the adverse effects of AGEs on skeletal muscle are because of their direct action on the skeletal muscle tissue is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the direct and acute effects of AGEs on skeletal muscle using an isolated mouse skeletal muscle to eliminate several confounders derived from other organs. The results showed that the incubation of isolated mouse skeletal muscle with AGEs (1 mg/mL) for 2–6 h suppressed protein synthesis and the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Furthermore, AGEs showed potential inhibitory effects on protein degradation pathways, including autophagy and the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Additionally, AGEs stimulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by modulating the activating transcription factor 6, PKR‐like ER kinase, C/EBP homologous protein, and altered inflammatory cytokine expression. AGEs also stimulated receptor for AGEs (RAGE)‐associated signaling molecules, including mitogen‐activated protein kinases. These findings suggest that AGEs have direct and acute effect on skeletal muscle and disturb proteostasis by modulating intracellular pathways such as RAGE signaling, protein synthesis, proteolysis, ER stress, and inflammatory cytokines.
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 inhibitory potentials of some phytochemicals from anti-leukemic plants using computational chemical methodologies
Authors: Umar Haruna Isiyaku , Ashimiyu-Abdusalam Zainab , Alaqarbeh Marwa , Magani Wanche Ernest , Victor Omoboyede , Omotosho-Sanni Rukayat Yetunde , Bello Ridwan Opeyemi , Jardan Yousef A. Bin , Ibenmoussa Samir , Bourhia Mohammed , Wondmie Gezahign Fentahun , Bouachrine Mohammed
Published: June 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) takes center stage as a highly prevalent and aggressive clonal disorder affecting hematological stem cells. FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations were prevalent in nearly 30% of the AML cases. However, efforts have led to the development of anti-mutant FLT3 drugs, such as midostaurin, gilteritinib, and quizartinib, to improve treatments. Currently, we are exploring the ability of compounds from anti-leukemic plants to be used in AML therapies, focusing on mutant FLT3 inhibition. Employing computational techniques such as drug-likeness assessment, molecular docking, pharmacokinetics properties profiling, molecular dynamics simulations (MDS), and free energy calculations, we identified 43 out of 57 compounds with oral drug potential. Notably, 7 out of 43 compounds, including flavopiridol, sanggenol Q, norwogonin, oblongixanthones A, oblongixanthones B, apigenin, and luteolin exhibited strong binding affinities ranging from −9.0 to −9.8 kcal/mol, surpassing the control drug gilteritinib (−6.3 kcal/mol). Notably, flavopiridol and norwogonin displayed highly favorable pharmacokinetics and low toxicity profiles. MDS confirmed the stability of their binding through parameters such as root mean square deviation, root mean square fluctuation, and radius of gyration (R
g) over 100 ns simulations. Flavopiridol and norwogonin emerge as promising candidates for the development of mutant FLT3 inhibitors. Therefore, experimental studies are warranted to validate their therapeutic potential.
Recruitment of students of color into the teaching profession: analysis of the “Like Me” program
Authors: Laverick Vincent T.
Published: June 2024

The “Like Me: Diversifying the Educator Workforce” program was developed at Lourdes University to address the disparate proportion of teachers of color in local classrooms as compared to the students of color. To gauge the impact of “Like Me” recruitment efforts, faculty at Lourdes University conducted a qualitative study eliciting information about how students applied to the program, factors that influenced their decision-making, and reasons behind their selection of education as a career. The findings underlined the strong influence that trusted adults play in the recruitment process. Additionally, financial support was an important factor in facilitating enrollment in the program.