bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a No-till Transplanter for Walk-behind Tractors
Authors: Kornecki Ted S. , Kornecki Ted S. , Kichler Corey , Kichler Corey
Published: December 2022

Highlights

Walk-behind tractor.

No-till vegetable transplanter.

Small local garden type farming.

Transplanting precision.

Abstract. A no-till vegetable transplanter powered by a walk-behind tractor was developed to reduce heavy physical labor, that is often required on small scale farming operations. Currently, there are no existing commercially available no-till transplanters made for walk-behind tractors. This concept can be an important factor in improving field transplanting operations by reducing time and human labor. The original patented concept was heavy (103 kg) and included complex mechanical assemblies to be powered by the tractor’s PTO (power-take-off). It was designed for walk-behind tractors not equipped with a battery and alternator to charge the battery in which newer walk-behind tractors are equipped. Therefore, the original functional idea of the transplanter did not change, but the transplanter’s components were modified and simplified by substituting mechanical drives and control mechanisms with a single 12-V electric motor allowing variable rpm (infinitely variable spacing) and reversible direction of rotation. The improved version of the transplanter has fewer components and weighs only 83 kg, a decrease of 20 kg. Powering the transplanter electrically (not mechanically) reduced overall weight by 19%. This new version of a modular design allows easier and faster transplanter fabrication, giving farmers an option to fabricate their own transplanter to reduce costs and increase adoption of no-till vegetable systems with cover crops. Keywords: 12-V DC variable speed reversible electric motor, No-till transplanter, Power take-off (PTO), Walk-behind two-wheel tractor.
Tecnologías emergentes en la educación STEM. Análisis bibliométrico de publicaciones en Scopus y WoS (2010-2020)
Authors: Silva Díaz Francisco Raúl , Fernández-Ferrer Gracia , Vázquez-Vílchez Mercedes , Ferrada Cristian , Narváez Romina , Carrillo-Rosúa Javier
Published: December 2022

INTRODUCCIÓN. En el presente artículo se presenta una revisión de la literatura indexada en las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science-Clarivate basada en el análisis de indicadores bibliométricos sobre el uso de tecnologías emergentes en educación. Para ello se consideran las recogidas en el informe Horizon Report: K-12 Edition: a) espacios maker, b) robótica, c) tecnologías analíticas, d) realidad virtual, e) inteligencia artificial y f) internet de las cosas (IoT). Además, se considera como variable que sean utilizadas en la enseñanza de la educación científica y la educación STEM/STEAM en el contexto de la educación secundaria. MÉTODO. La revisión se desarrolla mediante el flujo para estudios bibliométricos propuesto por Zupic y Čater (2015). Se ha realizado una búsqueda en Scopus y WoS basadaen una ecuación que reúne términos claves de las tres variables de análisis descritas. RESULTADOS. Los principales resultados obtenidos indican que existe un notorio incremento en la producción científica sobre el tema, especialmente a partir del año 2017 en adelante. Además, se observa un predominio de la realidad virtual y la robótica educativa como las tecnologías preferidas para el desarrollo de la educación científica. DISCUSIÓN. Se observa un predominio de la enseñanza de la ciencia de forma particular sobre los enfoques STEM y STEAM, no obstante, se percibe una tendencia positiva respecto de estos dos últimos en la última parte de la década analizada. Por otra parte, se observa que, a partir del año 2018 en adelante, la producción científica respecto del uso de tecnologías emergentes ha tenido un crecimiento acelerado, siendo la realidad virtual y la robótica las más utilizadas.
A Moroccan Sign Language Recognition Algorithm Using a Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Herbaz Nourdine , El Idrissi Hassan , Badri Abdelmajid
Published: December 2022

Gesture recognition is an open phenomenon in computer vision, and one of the topics of current interest. Gesture recognition has many applications in the interpretation of sign language in deaf-mutes, one is in human-computer interaction, and the other is in immersive game technology.
For this purpose, we have developed a model of image processing recognition of gestures, based on Artificial Neural Networks, starting from data collection, identification, tracking and classification of gestures, to the display of the obtained results. We propose an approach to contribute to the translation of sign language into voice/text format.
In this paper, we present a Moroccan sign language recognition system using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). This system includes an important data set of more than 20 files. Each file contains 1,000 static images of each signal from several different angles that we collected with the camera. Different Sign Language models were evaluated and compared with the proposed CNN model. The proposed system achieved 99.33% and achieved the best performance with an accuracy rate of 98.7%.
Ultracompact, high-extinction ratio XOR, OR, and Feynman logic gates based on plasmonic metal–insulator–metal directional couplers
Authors: Tannaz Sirous , Moradkhani Mojtaba , Taherzade Mahshid , Rezaei Mir Hamid
Published: December 2022

Three plasmonic logic gates including XOR, OR, and Feynman based on directional couplers operating in the optical communications band are proposed. First, a 3 dB directional coupler based on metal–insulator–metal waveguides is presented and its operation principles are investigated using the coupled mode theory method. Then, XOR and OR logic gates are implemented simultaneously in one structure. The simulations performed by the finite-difference time-domain method show that the extinction ratios for the OR and XOR gates are infinite and 29.3 dB, respectively. The Feynman gate is also implemented using two directional couplers placed parallel to each other. The ER values for outputs

P

and

Q

are 7.26 dB and 34.23 dB, respectively. The footprints of the XOR/OR and Feynman structures are less than

8

µ

m

2

and

12

µ

m

2

, respectively. The presented gates have a high potential to be used in photonic integrated circuits.
High-speed rendering pipeline for polygon-based holograms
Authors: Wang Fan , Ito Tomoyoshi , Shimobaba Tomoyoshi
Published: December 2022

As an important three-dimensional (3D) display technology, computer-generated holograms (CGHs) have been facing challenges of computational efficiency and realism. The polygon-based method, as the mainstream CGH algorithm, has been widely studied and improved over the past 20 years. However, few comprehensive and high-speed methods have been proposed. In this study, we propose an analytical spectrum method based on the principle of spectral energy concentration, which can achieve a speedup of nearly 30 times and generate high-resolution (8K) holograms with low memory requirements. Based on the Phong illumination model and the sub-triangles method, we propose a shading rendering algorithm to achieve a very smooth and realistic reconstruction with only a small increase in computational effort. Benefiting from the idea of triangular subdivision and octree structures, the proposed original occlusion culling scheme can closely crop the overlapping areas with almost no additional overhead, thus rendering a 3D parallax sense. With this, we built a comprehensive high-speed rendering pipeline of polygon-based holograms capable of computing any complex 3D object. Numerical and optical reconstructions confirmed the generalizability of the pipeline.
Improved visualization of high-dimensional data using the distance-of-distance transformation
Authors: Liu Jinke , Vinck Martin
Published: December 2022

Dimensionality reduction tools like t-SNE and UMAP are widely used for high-dimensional data analysis. For instance, these tools are applied in biology to describe spiking patterns of neuronal populations or the genetic profiles of different cell types. Here, we show that when data include noise points that are randomly scattered within a high-dimensional space, a “scattering noise problem” occurs in the low-dimensional embedding where noise points overlap with the cluster points. We show that a simple transformation of the original distance matrix by computing a distance between neighbor distances alleviates this problem and identifies the noise points as a separate cluster. We apply this technique to high-dimensional neuronal spike sequences, as well as the representations of natural images by convolutional neural network units, and find an improvement in the constructed low-dimensional embedding. Thus, we present an improved dimensionality reduction technique for high-dimensional data containing noise points.
An integrated analysis of the cancer genome atlas data discovers a hierarchical association structure across thirty three cancer types
Authors: Tiong Khong-Loon , Sintupisut Nardnisa , Lin Min-Chin , Cheng Chih-Hung , Woolston Andrew , Lin Chih-Hsu , Ho Mirrian , Lin Yu-Wei , Padakanti Sridevi , Yeang Chen-Hsiang
Published: December 2022

Cancer cells harbor molecular alterations at all levels of information processing. Genomic/epigenomic and transcriptomic alterations are inter-related between genes, within and across cancer types and may affect clinical phenotypes. Despite the abundant prior studies of integrating cancer multi-omics data, none of them organizes these associations in a hierarchical structure and validates the discoveries in extensive external data. We infer this Integrated Hierarchical Association Structure (IHAS) from the complete data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and compile a compendium of cancer multi-omics associations. Intriguingly, diverse alterations on genomes/epigenomes from multiple cancer types impact transcriptions of 18 Gene Groups. Half of them are further reduced to three Meta Gene Groups enriched with (1) immune and inflammatory responses, (2) embryonic development and neurogenesis, (3) cell cycle process and DNA repair. Over 80% of the clinical/molecular phenotypes reported in TCGA are aligned with the combinatorial expressions of Meta Gene Groups, Gene Groups, and other IHAS subunits. Furthermore, IHAS derived from TCGA is validated in more than 300 external datasets including multi-omics measurements and cellular responses upon drug treatments and gene perturbations in tumors, cancer cell lines, and normal tissues. To sum up, IHAS stratifies patients in terms of molecular signatures of its subunits, selects targeted genes or drugs for precision cancer therapy, and demonstrates that associations between survival times and transcriptional biomarkers may vary with cancer types. These rich information is critical for diagnosis and treatments of cancers.
State-of-the-art analytical methods of viral infections in human lung organoids
Authors: Baumgardt Morris , Hülsemann Maren , Löwa Anna , Fatykhova Diana , Hoffmann Karen , Kessler Mirjana , Mieth Maren , Hellwig Katharina , Frey Doris , Langenhagen Alina , Voss Anne , Obermayer Benedikt , Wyler Emanuel , Dökel Simon , Gruber Achim D. , Tölch Ulf , Hippenstiel Stefan , Hocke Andreas C. , Hönzke Katja
Published: December 2022

Human-based organ models can provide strong predictive value to investigate the tropism, virulence, and replication kinetics of viral pathogens. Currently, such models have received widespread attention in the study of SARS-CoV-2 causing the COVID-19 pandemic. Applicable to a large set of organoid models and viruses, we provide a step-by-step work instruction for the infection of human alveolar-like organoids with SARS-CoV-2 in this protocol collection. We also prepared a detailed description on state-of-the-art methodologies to assess the infection impact and the analysis of relevant host factors in organoids. This protocol collection consists of five different sets of protocols. Set 1 describes the protein extraction from human alveolar-like organoids and the determination of protein expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and FURIN as exemplary host factors of SARS-CoV-2. Set 2 provides detailed guidance on the extraction of RNA from human alveolar-like organoids and the subsequent qPCR to quantify the expression level of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and FURIN as host factors of SARS-CoV-2 on the mRNA level. Protocol set 3 contains an in-depth explanation on how to infect human alveolar-like organoids with SARS-CoV-2 and how to quantify the viral replication by plaque assay and viral E gene-based RT-qPCR. Set 4 provides a step-by-step protocol for the isolation of single cells from infected human alveolar-like organoids for further processing in single-cell RNA sequencing or flow cytometry. Set 5 presents a detailed protocol on how to perform the fixation of human alveolar-like organoids and guides through all steps of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to visualize SARS-CoV-2 and its host factors. The infection and all subsequent analytical methods have been successfully validated by biological replications with human alveolar-like organoids based on material from different donors.
A reinforcement learning approach to improve the performance of the Avellaneda-Stoikov market-making algorithm
Authors: Falces Marin Javier , Díaz Pardo de Vera David , Lopez Gonzalo Eduardo
Published: December 2022

Market making is a high-frequency trading problem for which solutions based on reinforcement learning (RL) are being explored increasingly. This paper presents an approach to market making using deep reinforcement learning, with the novelty that, rather than to set the bid and ask prices directly, the neural network output is used to tweak the risk aversion parameter and the output of the Avellaneda-Stoikov procedure to obtain bid and ask prices that minimise inventory risk. Two further contributions are, first, that the initial parameters for the Avellaneda-Stoikov equations are optimised with a genetic algorithm, which parameters are also used to create a baseline Avellaneda-Stoikov agent (Gen-AS); and second, that state-defining features forming the RL agent’s neural network input are selected based on their relative importance by means of a random forest. Two variants of the deep RL model (Alpha-AS-1 and Alpha-AS-2) were backtested on real data (L2 tick data from 30 days of bitcoin–dollar pair trading) alongside the Gen-AS model and two other baselines. The performance of the five models was recorded through four indicators (the Sharpe, Sortino and P&L-to-MAP ratios, and the maximum drawdown). Gen-AS outperformed the two other baseline models on all indicators, and in turn the two Alpha-AS models substantially outperformed Gen-AS on Sharpe, Sortino and P&L-to-MAP. Localised excessive risk-taking by the Alpha-AS models, as reflected in a few heavy dropdowns, is a source of concern for which possible solutions are discussed.
Quantitative evaluation of Mycobacterium abscessus clinical isolate virulence using a silkworm infection model
Authors: Matsumoto Yasuhiko , Fukano Hanako , Hasegawa Naoki , Hoshino Yoshihiko , Sugita Takashi
Published: December 2022

Mycobacterium abscessus causes chronic skin infections, lung diseases, and systemic or disseminated infections. Here we investigated whether the virulence of M. abscessus clinical isolates could be evaluated by calculating the median lethal dose (LD50) in a silkworm infection model. M. abscessus subsp. abscessus cells were injected into the silkworm hemolymph. When reared at 37˚C, the silkworms died within 2 days post-infection with M. abscessus subsp. abscessus. Viable cell numbers of M. abscessus increased in the hemolymph of silkworms injected with M. abscessus. Silkworms were not killed by injections with heat-killed M. abscessus cells. The administration of clarithromycin, an antibacterial drug used to treat the infection in humans, prolonged the survival time of silkworms injected with M. abscessus. The LD50 values of 7 clinical isolates in the silkworm infection model were differed by up to 9-fold. The Mb-17 isolate, which was identified as a virulent strain in the silkworm infection model, induced more detachment of human THP-1-derived macrophages during infection than the Mb-10 isolate. These findings suggest that the silkworm M. abscessus infection model can be used to quantitatively evaluate the virulence of M. abscessus clinical isolates in a short time period.
Socioeconomic disparities in diabetes prevalence and management among the adult population in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahsan Karar Zunaid , Iqbal Afrin , Jamil Kanta , Haider M. Moinuddin , Khan Shusmita Hossain , Chakraborty Nitai , Streatfield Peter Kim
Published: December 2022

Background

Diabetes, one of the major metabolic disorders, is rising in Bangladesh. Studies indicate there is inequality in prevalence and care-seeking behavior, which requires further exploration to understand the socioeconomic disparities in the pathophysiology of diabetes. This study examined the latest nationally representative estimates of diabetes prevalence, awareness, and management among adults aged 18 years and above in Bangladesh and its association with socioeconomic status in 2017–18.

Methods

We used the 2017–18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data. Diabetic status of 12,092 adults aged 18 years and above was measured in the survey using fasting plasma glucose levels. We applied multivariate logistic regressions to examine the role of socioeconomic status on diabetes prevalence, awareness, and management, after controlling for relevant covariates.

Results

Overall, 10% of adults had diabetes in Bangladesh in 2017–18, with the highest prevalence of 16% in the age group 55−64 years. Our analyses found statistically significant disparities by socioeconomic status in the prevalence of diabetes as well as the person’s awareness of his/her diabetic condition. However, the effect of socioeconomic status on receiving anti-diabetic medication only approached significance (p = 0.07), and we found no significant association between socioeconomic status and control of diabetes.

Conclusions

We expect to see an ‘accumulation’ of the number of people with diabetes to continue in the coming years. The rising prevalence of diabetes is only the tip of an iceberg; a large number of people with uncontrolled diabetes and a lack of awareness of their condition will lead to increased morbidity and mortality, and that could be the real threat. Immediate measures to increase screening coverage and exploration of poor control of diabetes are required to mitigate the situation.
The impact of ultrasound-based antenatal screening strategies to detect vasa praevia in the United Kingdom: An exploratory study using decision analytic modelling methods
Authors: Ruban-Fell Benjamin , Attilakos George , Haskins-Coulter Tao , Hyde Christopher , Kusel Jeanette , Mackie Anne , Rivero-Arias Oliver , Thilaganathan Basky , Thomson Nigel , Visintin Cristina , Marshall John
Published: December 2022

The objective of this exploratory modelling study was to estimate the effects of second-trimester, ultrasound-based antenatal detection strategies for vasa praevia (VP) in a hypothetical cohort of pregnant women. For this, a decision-analytic tree model was developed covering four discrete detection pathways/strategies: no screening; screening targeted at women undergoing in-vitro fertilisation (IVF); screening targeted at women with low-lying placentas (LLP); screening targeted at women with velamentous cord insertion (VCI) or a bilobed or succenturiate (BL/S) placenta. Main outcome measures were the number of referrals to transvaginal sonography (TVS), diagnosed and undiagnosed cases of VP, overdetected cases of VCI, and VP-associated perinatal mortality. The greatest number of referrals to TVS occurred in the LLP-based (2,083) and VCI-based screening (1,319) pathways. These two pathways also led to the highest proportions of pregnancies diagnosed with VP (VCI-based screening: 552 [78.9% of all pregnancies]; LLP-based: 371 [53.5%]) and the lowest proportions of VP leading to perinatal death (VCI-based screening: 100 [14.2%]; LLP-based: 196 [28.0%]). In contrast, the IVF-based pathway resulted in 66 TVS referrals, 50 VP diagnoses (7.1% of all VP pregnancies), and 368 (52.6%) VP-associated perinatal deaths which was comparable to the no screening pathway (380 [54.3%]). The VCI-based pathway resulted in the greatest detection of VCI (14,238 [99.1%]), followed by the IVF-based pathway (443 [3.1%]); no VCI detection occurred in the LLP-based or no screening pathways. In conclusion, the model results suggest that a targeted LLP-based approach could detect a substantial proportion of VP cases, while avoiding VCI overdetection and requiring minimal changes to current clinical practice. High-quality data is required to explore the clinical and cost-effectiveness of this and other detection strategies further. This is necessary to provide a robust basis for future discussion about routine screening for VP.
Characterization of aerosols generated by high-power electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS): Influence of atomizer, temperature and PG:VG ratios
Authors: Dibaji Seyed Ahmad Reza , Oktem Berk , Williamson Lee , DuMond Jenna , Cecil Todd , Kim Jimin P. , Wickramasekara Samanthi , Myers Matthew , Guha Suvajyoti
Published: December 2022

The aerosol characteristics of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are important parameters in predicting health outcomes since parameters such as aerosol particle size correlate strongly to aerosol delivery and deposition efficiency. However, many studies to date do not account for aerosol aging, which may affect the measurement of ultra-fine particles that typically coagulate or agglomerate during puff development. To reduce aerosol aging, we herein present a unique instrumentation method that combines a) positive pressure ENDS activation and sample collection, b) minimization of both sample tubing length and dilution factors, and c) a high-resolution, electrical low-pressure impactor. This novel approach was applied to systematically investigate the effects of coil design, coil temperature, and propylene glycol to vegetable glycerol ratios on aerosol characteristics including aerosol mass generation, aerosol count generation, and the mass and count size distributions for a high-powered ENDS. Aerosol count measurements revealed high concentrations of ultra-fine particles compared to fine and coarse particles at 200°C, while aerosol mass measurements showed an increase in the overall aerosol mass of fine and coarse particles with increases in temperature and decreases in propylene glycol content. These results provide a better understanding on how various ENDS design parameters affect aerosol characteristics and highlight the need for further research to identify the design parameters that most impact ultra-fine particle generation.
Patient expectations and satisfaction in hand surgery: A new assessment approach through a valid and reliable survey questionnaire
Authors: Choi Shin Woo , Bae Joo-Yul , Shin Young Ho , Jung Young Joo , Park Ha Sung , Kim Jae Kwang
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Assessing patient expectations in orthopaedic surgery has gained significant importance over time. However, there have been only a few studies on how to measure such expectations in hand surgery. Against the backdrop, the study was designed to develop a valid and reliable expectations survey for patients undergoing hand surgery and to identify the correlations between preoperative expectations and postoperative satisfaction.

Materials and methods

This is a three-phase prospective cohort study. In the first phase of the study (146 patients), patient expectations were assessed while developing a draft questionnaire based on frequency and clinical relevance. In the second phase (154 patients newly included), test-retest reliability was measured to ensure test consistency. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) served as a basis for developing the final survey questionnaire. In the third phase, we followed up with patients, who completed the preoperative expectations survey, 3 months after surgery to assess the fulfillment of their expectations. The Pearson correlation method was used to measure the association between preoperative expectations and postoperative satisfaction.

Results

In the first phase, 146 patients shared 406 different expectations, which were grouped into nine categories. Then, in the second phase, the final survey was populated by questionnaire items under respective category that have revealed strong test-retest reliability (ICC of 0.91). A significant positive correlation between patient expectations and satisfaction was observed (R = 0.181, p = 0.034).

Conclusion

The survey was designed to offer a valid and reliable approach for the comprehensive assessment of patient expectations in hand surgery. The survey results show that patients with high expectations tend to be more satisfied with surgical outcomes. It is strongly believed that this approach would serve as a useful tool at a time when patient perspective is taken into account increasingly more in the clinical practice.
Chronic kidney disease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease at primary healthcare centers in Korea
Authors: Nah Eun-Hee , Shin Sug Kyun , Cho Seon , Park Hyeran , Kim Suyoung , Kwon Eunjoo , Cho Han-Ik
Published: December 2022

Background

The prevalence rates of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are expected to increase with the rising trends in diabetes and obesity associated with aging populations. Considering the impacts of coexistent NAFLD and CKD on morbidity and mortality rates, screening strategies for groups at high-risk of CKD are needed in community-dwelling individuals with NAFLD. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and distribution of CKD in NAFLD, as well as the risk factors for CKD and the correlation with liver fibrosis in asymptomatic individuals with NAFLD at primary healthcare centers in Korea.

Methods

This retrospective cross-sectional study used data from 13 health-promotion centers in 10 Korean cities. Liver steatosis and stiffness were assessed using ultrasonography and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), respectively. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73m2, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio or proteinuria. CKD was categorized into four stages: no CKD, mild, moderate, and severe. Comparisons according to the CKD stages in NAFLD were performed using Student’s t-test or the chi-square test. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for CKD and the correlation with liver fibrosis in NAFLD.

Results

The prevalence of CKD was 12.4% in NAFLD. Albuminuria (16.2%) and proteinuria (8.0%) were more prevalent in NAFLD. NAFLD (odd ratio = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.09–1.48, P = 0.003) was independently associated with CKD of at least mild stage. However, there was no significant association between CKD of at least moderate stage and NAFLD after adjusting for age and a metabolically unhealthy status. CKD was associated with significant liver fibrosis as measured by MRE in NAFLD.

Conclusion

The presence of NAFLD and liver fibrosis were independent risk factors for CKD, but NAFLD was not an independent risk factor for the later stages of CKD.
Inhibition of mitosomal alternative oxidase causes lifecycle arrest of early-stage Trachipleistophora hominis meronts during intracellular infection of mammalian cells
Authors: Sendra Kacper M. , Watson Andrew K. , Kozhevnikova Ekaterina , Moore Anthony L. , Embley T. Martin , Hirt Robert P.
Published: December 2022

Mitosomes are highly reduced forms of mitochondria which have lost two of the ‘defining’ features of the canonical organelle, the mitochondrial genome, and the capacity to generate energy in the form of ATP. Mitosomes are found in anaerobic protists and obligate parasites and, in most of the studied organisms, have a conserved function in the biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters (ISC) that are indispensable cofactors of many essential proteins. The genomes of some mitosome-bearing human pathogenic Microsporidia encode homologues of an alternative oxidase (AOX). This mitochondrial terminal respiratory oxidase is absent from the human host, and hence is a potential target for the development of new antimicrobial agents. Here we present experimental evidence for the mitosomal localization of AOX in the microsporidian Trachipleistophora hominis and demonstrate that it has an important role during the parasite’s life cycle progression. Using a recently published methodology for synchronising T. hominis infection of mammalian cell lines, we demonstrated specific inhibition of T. hominis early meront growth and replication by an AOX inhibitor colletochlorin B. Treatment of T. hominis-infected host cells with the drug also inhibited re-infection by newly formed dispersive spores. Addition of the drug during the later stages of the parasite life cycle, when our methods suggest that AOX is not actively produced and T. hominis mitosomes are mainly active in Fe/S cluster biosynthesis, had no inhibitory effects on the parasites. Control experiments with the AOX-deficient microsporidian species Encephalitozoon cuniculi, further demonstrated the specificity of inhibition by the drug. Using the same methodology, we demonstrate effects of two clinically used anti-microsporidian drugs albendazole and fumagillin on the cell biology and life cycle progression of T. hominis infecting mammalian host cells. In summary, our results reveal that T. hominis mitosomes have an active role to play in the progression of the parasite life cycle as well as an important role in the biosynthesis of essential Fe/S clusters. Our work also demonstrates that T. hominis is a useful model for testing the efficacy of therapeutic agents and for studying the physiology and cell biology of microsporidian parasites growing inside infected mammalian cells.
A propósito de Yo, Daniel Blake (2016)
Authors: Cordori-Carpio Janet , Chávez-Bautista Ricardo , Chávez-Escate Alejandra , Carrión-Chambilla Mario , Contreras-Pulache Hans
Published: December 2022

Este artículo presenta un análisis sobre la película “I, Daniel Blake” (2016), filme que nos pone en la posición de una persona con una enfermedad crónica degenerativa, mostrándonos el punto de vista de un paciente y su vivencia fuera de los muros del hospital, dentro de un sistema de salud europeo burocratizado y estandarizado que no cubre las necesidades individuales de los enfermos. Se consideran distintos aspectos de interés en este análisis, útiles para la formación universitaria en medicina humana, como lo son; la amenaza que puede significar que el sistema de salud se enfoque en la eficiencia y eficacia de la gestión por encima del bienestar del paciente y la comprensión de relevancia del contexto individual, familiar y comunitario del mismo, evidenciando que el ejercicio y desarrollo de la medicina integral es indispensable para una apropiada atención a los pacientes.
Koe no Katachi (A silent voice) (2016) de Naoko Yamada
Authors: Abad Vila Miguel
Published: December 2022

Generalmente, manga es la palabra japonesa empleada para denominar a los cómics, si bien también se emplea como referencia para las historietas de origen japonés. Junto a la estadounidense y la franco-belga, ocupa un puesto de honor en el triunvirato de la tradición ilustradora mundial. Su posterior adaptación a las series de animación originó el anime, género en el que se encuadra A sllent voice (2016) de Naoko Yamada. La película está inspirada en el manga original Koe no Katachi, escrito y dibujado por Yoshitoki ?ima. La historia nos muestra las vicisitudes de Shôko Nishimiya, una estudiante de primaria sorda, víctima de acoso escolar cuando se cambia de colegio. Ishida Shôya es uno de los protagonistas de tan despiadada conducta, que llega incluso a forzar que su indefensa víctima tenga que abandonar el colegio. Años más tarde, recriminado socialmente y lleno de remordimiento, Ishida busca su ansiada redención.
Transaxillary hemithyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy: mastering the technique
Authors: Bondarenko Yu. S. , Salikhov D. M. , Petrovsky A. N.
Published: December 2022

Background. The relevance of endoscopic interventions on the thyroid and parathyroid glands is beyond doubt, and this explains the interest in this promising choice of surgical approach both among surgeons and patients who want to avoid a scar on the neck.

Aim. To evaluate the first results of own endoscopic interventions in patients with diseases of the thyroid and parathyroid glands.

Materials and methods. In the Research Institute of KCH N 1 named after prof. S.V. Ochapovsky from December 2020 to April 2022, 23 hemithyroidectomies and 8 paraadenomectomies were performed using endoscopic techniques for benign neoplasms of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. All patients in the preoperative period underwent ultrasound, TAPB + CI (for thyroid pathology), and the hormonal background was studied. Indications for endoscopic hemithyroidectomy in 18 cases were colloid goiter, in 5 cases — follicular adenoma. The indication for endoscopic paraadenomectomy in all cases was primary hyperparathyroidism. We used endoscopic three-port axillary-mammary gas access. Under the ETN, an incision was made along the outer edge of the pectoralis major muscle (m. pectoralis major). Carbon dioxide was injected into the pancreas using a Verish needle. A 5 mm port was inserted along the edge of the areola. Another 10 mm trocar was installed at the attachment points (m. pectoralis major).

Results. The average operation time was 190.4 minutes for endoscopic hemithyroidectomy and 78.6 minutes for endoscopic paraadenomectomy. With the increase in the number of performed operations, there was a decrease in the duration of surgical interventions. In two cases in patients after hemithyroidectomy, seromas up to 20 ml in volume were noted in the postoperative period, which required puncture interventions (once).

Conclusion. Endoscopic interventions on the thyroid and parathyroid glands from axillary access are a safe method of surgical intervention, and the cosmetic result is an indisputable advantage of this method.
Campo-Território: considerações teórico-metodológicas
Authors: Saquet Marcos Aurelio
Published: December 2022

A produção agropecuária familiar cumpre com um papel central na economia brasileira, gerando, sobretudo, alimentos a baixos preços. Os produtores familiares, donos dos meios de produção e normalmente com baixo nível tecnológico, trabalham duramente todos os dias, condicionados biológica e socialmente. São subordinados e explorados pelos agentes do capital, embora, muitas vezes, tenham uma lógica predominantemente de subsistência da família. É na circulação simples de mercadorias que são sujeitados e estabelecem distintas redes geográficas, interligando-se ao urbano e à cidade. Desta maneira, consideramos que a abordagem territorial constitui-se num caminho fundamental para a compreensão do movimento, de contradições e da heterogeneidade, e, pode subsidiar a elaboração de projetos de desenvolvimento com vistas a uma sociedade mais justa.
Urbanidades no rural: o devir de novas territorialidades
Authors: Rua João
Published: December 2022

Neste trabalho pretende-se contribuir para o debate travado por alguns dos principais autores da teoria social crítica, que focalizam o tema das interações entre o urbano e o rural. Os elementos obtidos nas principais abordagens, sugerem que uma outra dialética pode conduzir-nos à idéia de "urbanidades no rural", considerando-as como manifestações de territórios híbridos, nos quais urbano e rural interagem.
A conflitualidade dos paradigmas da questão agrária e do capitalismo agrário a partir dos conceitos de agricultor familiar e de camponês
Authors: Felício Munir Jorge
Published: December 2022

O presente texto visa discutir o desenvolvimento da agricultura no capitalismo

e entender a importância da agricultura familiar, responsável pelo renascimento dos

debates envolvendo desde a problemática ecológica até os impasses da Reforma

Agrária. Neste contexto compreender e questionar o processo de formação do

campesinato nos últimos vinte anos, perquirindo quem são os camponeses e quem são

os agricultores familiares a partir da conflitualidade dos paradigmas da questão agrária e

do capitalismo agrário.
Contribuição ao debate sobre perspectivas teórico-metodológicas para a Geografia Agrária
Authors: Galvão Maria do Carmo Corrêa
Published: December 2022

Texto apresentado no VIII Encontro Nacional de Geografia Agrária, no Painel "Novas Perspectivas Teórico-metodológicas para a Geografia Agrária", Dezembro/87 - Aracaju-SE.
(Re)visitando a Geografia Agrária de Raymond Pébayle: interpretações sobre o espaço agrário gaúcho
Authors: Chelotti Marcelo Cervo , Pessôa Vera Lúcia Salazar
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar as contribuições do geógrafo francês Raymond Pébayle para compreensão da formação do espaço agrário gaúcho no século XX, além de discutir a pertinência de sua análise frente às transformações que estão ocorrendo no início do século XXI. Ao realizar esta pequena (re)visita em sua obra foi possível encontrar elementos importantes para a interpretação e compreensão de "como" e "por que" novos agentes sociais foram incorporados na Campanha Gaúcha na década de 1990, produzindo novas paisagens que durante sua permanência no Rio Grande do Sul, na década de 1970, não eram pensados como possíveis.
Município e Distrito: um estudo teórico
Authors: Pina José Hermano Almeida , Lima Osmar Almeida de , Silva Vicente de Paulo da
Published: December 2022

Este trabalho é um investimento, a princípio, teórico para o entendimento da divisão administrativa dos municípios em distritos e dá especial atenção à terminologia, uma vez que se encontraram diversas barreiras durante a trajetória da pesquisa em entender essa dinâmica. Inserindo-se no contexto da geografia urbana, os conceitos de urbano e rural, campo e cidade, surgem como elementos norteadores para que se possa entender, no plano teórico, os vários aspectos pertencentes à  realidade do distrito.
A luta pela terra no país do latifúndio: quando um conflito por terra se torna um massacre contra trabalhadores. Rondônia, 1995
Authors: Mesquita Helena Angélica de
Published: December 2022

A violência e a impunidade são as marcas de mais de 500 anos de

concentração terras e rendas no nosso país,isso tem gerado um grande contingente de

excluídos da terra e da cidadania. E a resistência dos oprimidos é manifestada, e embora

negligenciada pela história oficial, está presente na forma de pequenos e grandes

episódios com mortes, torturas e todo tipo de desrespeito impingido aos pobres pelo

Estado subserviente ao latifúndio. Palmares, Canudos, Contestado, Guerrilha do

Araguaia, Trombas e Formoso Corumbiara, Eldorado do Carajás... são provas da

resistência dos camponeses e a comprovação de quão brutal tem sido a reação das elites.

No presente trabalho enfoco o massacre de Corumbiara que aconteceu em Rondônia em

1995, quando cerca de 600 famílias de camponeses pobres desafiaram o latifúndio e

ocuparam a fazenda Santa Elina. A reação das elites de Rondônia em conivência com o

Estado efetuou um dos maiores massacres contra trabalhadores da história recente do

país. É a luta de classes que perpassa todas as conjunturas que o país atravessa. Os pares

opostos são sempre os mesmos: é uma luta de classes, é a luta pela terra no país de

latifúndio.
A produção rural familiar em Jacarezinho/PR: estratégias de reprodução e submissão ao capital
Authors: Silva Diânice Oriane da , Hespanhol Rosângela Aparecida de Medeiros
Published: December 2022

Os agricultores familiares do município de Jacarezinho, estado do Paraná estão inseridos em uma localidade com amplo potencial para o desenvolvimento de uma agricultura empresarial, especialmente a canavieira pela presença de duas agroindústrias sucroalcooleiras no município em questão. Dentre as estratégias para que não sejam expropriados de seus meios de produção e com base no trabalho familiar, verificou-se a diversificação de atividades nas propriedades rurais, a vinculação às agroindústrias de beneficiamento animal, além da comercialização direta ao consumidor. Assim, refletimos que para os produtores familiares permanecerem na propriedade rural utilizaram como estratégia a subordinação as regras impostas pelas agroindústrias às quais se vincularam, por possuírem uma comercialização direcionada da sua matéria-prima e um retorno econômico mais rápido dos investimentos realizados.
Estratégias da cooperativa Cocamar no setor agroindustrial
Authors: Fajardo Sergio
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo propõe discutir as estratégias da cooperativa Cocamar, nos últimos

dez anos, após um aprofundamento de sua inserção agroindustrial regional, com base na

diversificação e na produção voltada ao varejo. As primeiras constatações dão conta de

que a atuação da cooperativa tem sido totalmente distinta do que foi no passado,

priorizando certas cadeias e diversificando a própria verticalização, mas sem

diversificar toda matriz produtiva, consolidada na soja.
Relação cidade-campo: desafios e perspectivas
Authors: Araújo Flávia Aparecida Vieira de , Soares Beatriz Ribeiro
Published: December 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar a complexidade que os estudiosos da relação cidade-campo precisam enfrentar na realização de suas pesquisas. Assim, foi feito um levantamento dos principais autores que abordam essa temática, mostrando as diferentes linhas de abordagem. Buscamos demonstrar também que a contraposição urbano-rural vai muito além da diferenciação entre cidade e campo e que esses espaços não podem ser identificados como dicotômicos, já que a modernização da sociedade engendrou profundas transformações em ambos, estreitando e intensificando as relações estabelecidas entre eles. Nesse sentido, ressaltamos a necessidade de que o urbano e o rural precisam ser encarados como espacialidades interdependentes e complementares, as quais se mesclam, formando um híbrido que complexifica ainda mais a análise.
Diário de campo: experiências vividas e percebidas na comunidade rural São Domingos em Catalão (GO)
Authors: Venâncio Marcelo
Published: December 2022

Este texto tem por objetivo relatar as vivências e experiências adquiridas no trabalho de campo na comunidade rural São Domingos no município de Catalão (GO), durante o curso de Pós-Graduação em Geografia na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Mesmo diante das dificuldades encontradas pela caminhada, essa atividade foi muito rica, proporcionando-nos momentos de reflexão, questionamentos e até mesmo de indignação, a partir do momento em que convivemos e aprendemos com homens e mulheres que, mesmo com tantas dificuldades para sobreviverem na terra, ainda resistem e persistem. Assim, as visitas de campo à  referida comunidade foram feitas entre o mês de agosto de 2006 ao mês de setembro de 2007.
Apontamentos de uma experiência com o ensino de Geografia em áreas de assentamento rural, no Acre
Authors: Silva Silvio Simione da , Silva Elverenice Vieira da
Published: December 2022

O presente trabalho é resultado de dois anos de experiência em pesquisa e extensão em áreas de assentamentos Agroflorestais no Acre. Apresentamos uma contextualização da realidade encontrada nestes assentamentos; situamos esta, no âmbito das condições vivenciais da Amazônia e, a partir daí estabelecemos crítica a base do conteúdo formulado externo ao espaço rural e também distante da realidade regional. Neste sentido, considerando que a Amazônia-acreana se caracteriza por certos processos específicos da sua produção do espaço, vemos que aqui a realidade agrária é complexa sendo que a condição de pertencimento também expressa a dimensão territorial da floresta tal qual a de campo. São lócus de vida ligado a terra como meio fundamental de produção, mas que se especifica perante o uso do espaço estabelecido. Propomos um ensino que busque o conteúdo geográfico presente nesta realidade como forma conhecer o campo e a floresta, perante a (s) realidade (s) socioespacial (is) diversa (s) da Amazônia. Isto numa lógica de romper com o paradigma do ensino feito na cidade para o campo (ensino no campo), por um ensino do campo.
A organização de um espaço inter-étnico: o noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Mantelli Jussara , Canabarro Ivo
Published: December 2022

Este artigo visa entender que o processo de ocupação pelos imigrantes europeus e descendentes pode ser considerado como elemento definidor da organização do território composto pela porção noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O segmento produtivo passa constantemente por (re) arranjos de seus elementos sociais, técnico-estruturais e de produção, considerando-se relevante para a análise da organização do espaço regional, as condições físico-territoriais e o processo de ocupação estadual, relacionado às atividades agropecuárias presentes.
A dinâmica territorial do agronegócio canavieiro e o zoneamento agroecológico da cana-de-açúcar: notas para um debate
Authors: Souza Marcos Antonio de
Published: December 2022

Partindo-se da premissa de que a crescente expansão do agronegócio sucroalcooleiro após a década de 1970 provocou uma série de impactos socioambientais no espaço agrário brasileiro, a perspectiva de uma expansão ainda maior pela atual conjuntura nacional e internacional aponta para um proporcional intensificação desses impactos. Assim, na medida em que o agronegócio canavieiro se expande pelo país, ocorreria um aumento proporcional da concentração fundiária, das disputas territoriais com a produção agroalimentária, além da superexploração da força de trabalho empregada nos canaviais. Portanto, o governo brasileiro engendrou em 2009 o Zoneamento Agroecológico da Cana-de-Açúcar, cujo objetivo seria ordenar a produção canavieira no território brasileiro, de modo a se converter em um instrumento capaz de demonstrar a opinião pública nacional e internacional a pretensa sustentabilidade do agronegócio sucroalcooleiro nacional. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar o zoneamento implementado pelo governo federal sob a ótica da lógica de localização geográfica do agronegócio sucroalcooleiro, orientada pelo auferimento da renda da terra, demonstrando que esta política de ordenamento territorial não conseguirá mitigar os impactos socioambientais inerentes a produção desses agrocombustível sob os moldes do agronegócio.
Resenha: BRANDÃO, Carlos Rodrigues. "No rancho fundo". Espaços e tempos no mundo rural. Uberlândia: EDUFU, 2009, 244 p.
Authors: Cleps Junior João
Published: December 2022

"No Rancho Fundo" é uma obra composta por artigos clássicos e novos estudos, desenvolvidos pelo antropólogo Carlos Rodrigues Brandão sobre o camponês em Goiás, São Paulo e Minas Gerais. Reúne artigos sobre as relações de vida e trabalho entre tempos e espaços de comunidades camponesas tradicionais.
Agentes sociais de produção do espaço rural no Território do Sisal – Bahia
Authors: Santos Edinusia Moreira Carneiro , Silva Onildo Araujo da
Published: December 2022

Esse artigo apresenta um panorama dos principais agentes que, cotidianamente, fazem e refazem o espaço rural do Território do Sisal no estado da Bahia. Identificamos como a ação de latifundiários, pequenos proprietários de terra, movimentos sociais organizados, sindicatos, Estado, empresas rurais, trabalhadores rurais assalariados, posseiros, meeiros e agregados, resultam numa constante organização e apropriação desigual do espaço rural, sendo essa o reflexo da convergência de interesses diversos que se sobrepõem a partir da cooperação e do conflito, materializando no território o dinâmico processo social de espacialização.