bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The FishPath approach for fisheries management in a data‐ and capacity‐limited world
Authors: Dowling Natalie A. , Wilson Jono R. , Cope Jason M. , Dougherty Dawn T. , Lomonico Serena , Revenga Carmen , Snouffer Brian J. , Salinas Natalio Godoy , Torres‐Cañete Felipe , Chick Rowan C. , Fowler Ashley M. , Parma Ana M.
Published: December 2022

Successful fisheries management systems tend to be underpinned by harvest strategies, specifying formally agreed data collection systems, assessment approaches and management measures used to regulate fishing pressure. While harvest strategies can be effective even in data‐ and capacity‐limited (DCL) situations, their development remains challenging in such contexts. We present a process and decision‐support tool, FishPath, to guide the identification of suitable harvest strategy component options given often debilitating conditions: (i) resource limitations and lack of technical management capacity; (ii) ‘uniqueness’ of DCL fisheries; (iii) the concept of harvest strategies is unfamiliar to managers and scientists, and the universe of options is hard to navigate; and (iv) the lack of an effective participatory process to identify solutions tailored to local contexts. These conditions can lead to either management paralysis or generic solutions that may be poor fits to specific conditions. The FishPath Tool uses a diagnostic questionnaire that elicits the key characteristics and specific circumstances of a fishery. It compares these with the requirements of alternative options from an inventory of possible harvest strategy components, identifies where these requirements are met and provides customised, transparent guidance on the appropriateness of component options of a harvest strategy, specific to the fishery of interest and its governance context. The FishPath Process is a facilitated multi‐stakeholder, participatory engagement process aimed to set fisheries on the path to develop a harvest strategy. The FishPath Process and Tool combine to ensure a bottom‐up, documented, transparent, replicable and efficient process.
FILIAL DEPENDENCE AND AUTONOMY IN THE STURM UND DRANG: READING KLINGER, WAGNER AND MÜLLER WITH ROUSSEAU
Authors: Griffiths Elystan
Published: December 2022

The essay examines the representation of relationships between children on the cusp of adulthood and their parents in dramas by Friedrich Maximilian Klinger, Heinrich Leopold Wagner and Friedrich Müller (known as ‘Maler Müller’). It positions the Sturm und Drang in dialogue with the wider European Enlightenment, and especially with Rousseau's theorising of human dependence in his Discourse on Inequality and Emile. In particular, it suggests that these writers demonstrate an association between inequality and social dependence, whereas flat social structures promote pluralism and autonomy. The article argues that, in contrast to the common view of the Sturm und Drang as characterised by wild filial rebellion and blind adoration of Rousseau, a close reading demonstrates how it sustains a critical dialogue with major currents of European thought and develops a subtle and self‐critical sense of the possibilities and limits on autonomy. Indeed, it demonstrates how these writers were able to use literature to foreground the antinomies of their social order in a more radical way than direct approaches could – and thus illustrates the importance of considering literature as a serious participant in Enlightenment dialogues.
Humanistic burden of problem joints for children and adults with haemophilia
Authors: Burke Tom , Rodriguez‐Santana Idaira , Chowdary Pratima , Curtis Randall , Khair Kate , Laffan Michael , Mclaughlin Paul , Noone Declan , O'Mahony Brian , Pasi John , Skinner Mark , O'Hara Jamie
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The “problem joint” (PJ) concept was developed to address patient‐centric needs for a more holistic assessment of joint morbidity for people with haemophilia (PwH).

Aim

To quantify the humanistic burden of PJs in PwH to further support validation of the PJ outcome measure.

Methods

Multivariable regression models evaluated the relationship between PJs and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL, EQ‐5D‐5L) and overall work productivity loss (WPL) using data from the ‘Cost of HaEmophilia: a Socioeconomic Survey’ population studies (adults: CHESS II, CHESS US+; children/adolescents: CHESS‐Paeds). Covariates included were haemophilia severity, age, comorbidities and education.

Results

The CHESS II sample included 292 and 134 PwH for HRQoL and WPL analyses, mean age 38.6 years (39% ≥1 PJ, 61% none). CHESS US+ included 345 and 239 PwH for HRQoL and WPL, mean age 35 years (43% ≥1 PJ, 57% none). CHESS‐Paeds included 198 PwH aged 4–17 (HRQoL only), mean age 11.5 years (19% ≥1 PJ, 81% none). In CHESS II and CHESS US+, presence of PJs was associated with worse HRQoL (Both p < .001). Few CHESS‐Paeds participants had PJs, with no significant correlation with HRQoL. In CHESS II, upper body PJs were significantly correlated to WPL (p < .05). In CHESS US+, having ≥1 PJ or upper and lower body PJs were significantly correlated to WPL (vs. none; both p < .05).

Conclusion

This study has shown a meaningful burden of PJs on PwH, which should be considered in clinical and health policy assessments of joint health.
Enhanced piroctone olamine retention from shampoo for superior anti‐dandruff efficacy
Authors: Johnson Eric S. , Chang Debora W. , Schwartz James R. , Blume‐Peytavi Ulrike , Henry James P. , Caterino Tamara L. , Talley Allison L.
Published: December 2022

Background

Dandruff is a pervasive chronic condition which negatively impacts quality of life. Effective treatment requires efficient delivery of scalp benefit agents that control commensal scalp Malassezia levels. Delivery of benefit agents from shampoos requires balancing many technical parameters to achieve the desired outcome without sacrificing secondary parameters, such as cosmetic attributes.

Aim

To develop formulation technologies that increase the shampoo delivery efficiency of the scalp benefit agent piroctone olamine (PO). Increased delivery should result in increased anti‐dandruff efficacy.

Methods

Micellar Stability and Association parameters were quantified via dynamic surface tension and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusion parameters, respectively. PO delivery has been assessed in vivo both on the scalp surface and follicular infindibula using extraction procedures and analytical analysis. Clinical anti‐dandruff efficacy was assessed for an advanced delivery technology prototype in comparison to standard delivery technology.

Results

Shampoo prototypes have been developed that increase the delivery efficiency of PO. Both surfactant and polymer coacervate‐based approaches have been developed. Decreased micellar stability results in weaker association between PO and micelles, resulting in more efficient PO retention on the scalp surface and delivery to the infundibula. Increased charge density of cationic polymers optimizes coacervation enabling improved PO delivery as well. Increased PO delivery has been shown clinically to result in higher anti‐dandruff efficacy as measured by both visible flakes and underlying biomarkers.

Conclusion

Increased efficiency PO delivery shampoos have been developed by optimization of both surfactant and coacervate parameters. The increased deposition efficiency results in significantly more products with significantly greater anti‐dandruff efficacy.
NO CREDIT, NO GAIN: TRADE LIBERALIZATION DYNAMICS, PRODUCTION INPUTS, AND FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kohn David , Leibovici Fernando , Szkup Michal
Published: December 2022

We study the role of financial development on the aggregate implications of reducing import tariffs on capital and intermediate inputs. We document empirically that financially underdeveloped economies feature a slower aggregate response following trade liberalization. To quantify these effects, we set up a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous firms subject to collateral constraints and estimate it using Colombian plant‐level data. We find that low financial development substantially limited the gains from trade liberalization in Colombia in the early 1990s. More broadly, we find that low financial development substantially limits both the aggregate and welfare gains from tariff reductions.
Punishment's Burdens on the Innocent
Authors: Hoskins Zachary
Published: December 2022

Critics of state punishment have frequently pointed out that its imposition sometimes involves the infliction of burdens on innocent people: namely, those falsely convicted of crimes and punished. Punishment also creates significant burdens for innocent children and other dependents of those punished (social stigma, financial stress, direct abuse, and so on). But these burdens on innocents have received much less philosophical attention than the burdens created for the falsely convicted. This article examines five lines of argument that might lead one to the conclusion that the burdens punishment creates for the falsely convicted are more morally troubling than the burdens it creates for innocent dependents of those punished. I offer reasons to be sceptical about each of these arguments. I contend that we should regard the burdens state punishment creates for innocent dependents of those punished as no less morally troubling than the burdens it creates for innocent, falsely convicted people. In the article's final section, I discuss some implications of my account.
Logistics and supply chain management in base of the pyramid projects
Authors: Oke Adegoke , Maltz Arnold , Goentzel Jarrod
Published: December 2022

Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) populations often lack access to the products and markets that would allow progress toward sustainable development goals (SDGs) (Prahalad & Hart, Strategy + Business, 2002, 26 and 1). Recognizing the fundamental role of logistics/supply chain management (LSCM) in providing such access, we review 84 case studies of development initiatives targeted at the BOP. Surprisingly, we find that LSCM has low visibility in most cases, although distribution is frequently mentioned and LSCM is a more central actor in the few cases where BOP locations are a source for low‐cost products.
Brassinosteroids fine‐tune secondary and primary sulfur metabolism through BZR1‐mediated transcriptional regulation
Authors: Wang Mengyu , Cai Congxi , Li Yubo , Tao Han , Meng Fanliang , Sun Bo , Miao Huiying , Wang Qiaomei
Published: December 2022

For adaptation to ever‐changing environments, plants have evolved elaborate metabolic systems coupled to a regulatory network for optimal growth and defense. Regulation of plant secondary metabolic pathways such as glucosinolates (GSLs) by defense phytohormones in response to different stresses and nutrient deficiency has been intensively investigated, while how growth‐promoting hormone balances plant secondary and primary metabolism has been largely unexplored. Here, we found that growth‐promoting hormone brassinosteroid (BR) inhibits GSLs accumulation while enhancing biosynthesis of primary sulfur metabolites, including cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) both in Arabidopsis and Brassica crops, fine‐tuning secondary and primary sulfur metabolism to promote plant growth. Furthermore, we demonstrate that of BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1), the central component of BR signaling, exerts distinct transcriptional inhibition regulation on indolic and aliphatic GSL via direct MYB51 dependent repression of indolic GSL biosynthesis, while exerting partial MYB29 dependent repression of aliphatic GSL biosynthesis. Additionally, BZR1 directly activates the transcription of APR1 and APR2 which encodes rate‐limiting enzyme adenosine 5′‐phosphosulfate reductases in the primary sulfur metabolic pathway. In summary, our findings indicate that BR inhibits the biosynthesis of GSLs to prioritize sulfur usage for primary metabolites under normal growth conditions. These findings expand our understanding of BR promoting plant growth from a metabolism perspective.
Confirmatory factor analysis of the BRIEF2 in a sample of youth with Down syndrome
Authors: Soltani A. , Schworer E. K. , Jacobson L. A. , Channell M. M. , Lee N. R. , Faught G. G. , Grzadzinski R. , Fidler D. , Esbensen A. J.
Published: December 2022

Background

The factor structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, second edition (BRIEF2) has been widely examined in both typically developing children and specific clinical samples. Despite the frequent use of the BRIEF2 for measuring executive functioning in individuals with Down syndrome, no study has investigated the factorial validity or dimensionality of the BRIEF2 in this population. This study aimed to address this notable gap in the literature.

Methods

Parents of 407 children and youth with Down syndrome aged 6–18 years completed the BRIEF2 as part of different studies led by six sites. Three competing models proposed by previous studies were analysed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis: the theoretical structure of the BRIEF2 where the scales were constrained to load on three factors labelled as Cognitive, Behavioral, and Emotional Regulation, a two‐factor correlated model with the merged Behavioral and Emotional regulation, and a single‐factor model.

Results

The three‐factor model provided a better fit than the one‐ and two‐factor models, yet a large correlation was observed between Behavioural and Emotional regulation factors. The results provide meaningful explanatory value for the theoretical structure of the BRIEF2. However, the Behavioral and Emotional regulation factors might be less differentiated and the two‐factor structure of the BRIEF2 may also make theoretical and empirical sense.

Conclusions

Although more studies are needed to further examine the factor structure of the BRIEF2 in youth with Down syndrome, this investigation provides preliminary support for the interpretation of the three executive function index scores provided by the BRIEF2: Cognitive, Behavioral, and Emotional Regulation.
Clinical validation of the upper face first principle—A clinical, prospective, interventional split‐face study
Authors: Hernandez Claudia A. , Zapata David E. Uribe , Bermudez Maria Paula , Frank Konstantin , Moellhoff Nicholas , Alfertshofer Michael , Gotkin Robert H. , Davidovic Kristina , Cotofana Sebastian
Published: December 2022

Background

Previous clinical and anatomic investigations have identified the clinical relevance of facial biomechanics. Based on this new understanding, principles for facial aesthetic procedures were established: Lateral Face First, Deep Layers First, and Upper Face First.

Objective

To test the upper face first principle by showing that an injection sequence, starting in the upper face is superior to an injection sequence starting in the lower face.

Methods

This study was designed as an interventional split‐face study administering the same amount and type of soft tissue filler for the upper, middle, and lower face but in a different sequence: upper, middle, lower face versus lower, middle, and upper face. A total of 15 patients (5 males and 10 females) with a mean age of 39.4 years (9.6) and a mean BMI of 23.4 kg/m2 (1.7) were studied. Follow‐up at D0, D30, and D90 was conducted utilizing semiquantitative scores and objective 3D imaging.

Results

Despite not reaching statistical significance, midfacial volume and jawline contouring were rated better at every follow‐up visit (D0, D30, D90) when treated with the upper versus the lower face first injection algorithm. The global aesthetic improvement scale showed statistically significantly better values for the upper face first algorithm when compared to the lower face first algorithm at all evaluated time points with all p < 0.001.

Conclusion

Applying the upper face first injection algorithm seems to result in better aesthetic outcomes when directly compared to the lower face first algorithm. Semiquantitative and objective outcome measurements confirm its clinical effectiveness.
Clinical reproducibility of different centric relation recording techniques in edentulous individuals: An observational cross‐sectional study
Authors: de Sousa Ervolino Isabela Caroline , Goiato Marcelo Coelho , de Moraes Melo Neto Clóvis Lamartine , de Caxias Fernanda Pereira , da Silva Emily Vivianne Freitas , Túrcio Karina Helga Leal , dos Santos Daniela Micheline
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To assess the reproducibility of four different centric relation (CR) recording techniques, and time spent performing each technique in edentulous individuals.

Materials and methods

Four techniques were assessed: extraoral gothic arch (EOGA) tracing, intraoral gothic arch (IOGA) tracing, deglutition (D), and frontal manipulation with tongue elevation (FMTE). Twelve subjects participated in the study; four technique records were performed on each volunteer by the same operator. Each record was repeated three times, in the same period of the day, with a 30 min interval between each technique. The reproducibility of each technique was assessed by the tri‐dimensional displacement of the position of the condylar housing (mandible condyle) to the wall of the condylar guide (glenoid cavity) in the semi‐adjustable articulator (anteroposterior, mediolateral, and superior–inferior). The time spent on each technique was timed in seconds (from the beginning of each technique until the wax occlusion fixation). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test were performed for anteroposterior displacement (two‐way) and for time spent on CT recording techniques (one‐way) (α < 0.05). Regarding mediolateral and superior–inferior displacements, the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis was performed for the comparison between recording methods, whereas the Mann–Whitney test was performed for the comparison between sides (α < 0.05).

Results

The factor recording technique interfered with the anteroposterior displacement (ANOVA: α < 0.001; F = 11.396). The technique D (right side: 3.78 ± 0.69 mm; left side: 3.45 ± 0.74 mm) showed a statistically significant difference compared to the other techniques (EOGA: right side: 3.00 ± 0.00 mm; left side: 3.00 ± 0.00 mm; FMTE: right side: 2.81 ± 0.52 mm; left side: 2.82 ± 0.79 mm; IOGA: right side: 2.90 ± 0.65 mm; left side: 3.12 ± 0.44 mm). The time spent on the recording technique influenced the results (ANOVA: α < 0.001; F = 21.118). The IOGA (340.40 ± 163.41 s) and EOGA (285.93 ± 133.84 s) required more time compared to the D (86.00 ± 34.33 s) and FMTE (101.33 ± 36.72 s) techniques.

Conclusion

Graphic recordings showed better reproducibility and accuracy of the position of the centric relation.
Placenta‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells as a treatment for refractory chronic gingivostomatitis in cats: eight cases (2018)
Authors: Febre M. , Saulnier N. , Roux P. , Boutoille F. , Girard N. , Robert C. , Rakic R. , Rosset E. , Maddens S.
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The aim of this case series was to collect preliminary data on safety and efficacy of treating cats suffering from refractory feline chronic gingivostomatitis with a single intravenous therapy of cryopreserved placenta‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells.

Materials and Methods

We planned the prospective inclusion of cats suffering from refractory chronic gingivostomatitis in three veterinary clinics. All cats received a single infusion of 10×106 cryopreserved cells. Follow‐up evaluations were done at day 15 and at 2‐, 3‐ and 6‐months following infusion. Clinical disease severity was evaluated by dental specialists using a published stomatitis disease activity index scoring system coupled with an owners' assessment questionnaire.

Results

All eight cats attended all follow up visits. Cryopreserved ready‐to‐use placenta‐derived cells administered systemically were safe and resulted in notable clinical improvement in all cats as reported by stomatitis disease activity index scoring and owner's survey.

Clinical Significance

Infusion of cryopreserved freshly thawed placenta‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells appears to promote clinical and consequently behavioural benefits in cats with refractory chronic gingivostomatitis after having undergone full‐mouth or premolar–molar tooth extraction. Future randomised studies are required to confirm safety and efficacy of this treatment.
Modeling, equilibrium, and demand management for mobility and delivery services in Mobility‐as‐a‐Service ecosystems
Authors: Xi Haoning , Tang Yili , Waller S. Travis , Shalaby Amer
Published: December 2022

Mobility‐as‐a‐Service (MaaS) is an emerging business model integrating various travel modes into a single mobility service accessible on demand. Besides the on‐demand mobility services, instant delivery services have increased rapidly and particularly boomed during the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic, requiring online orders to be delivered timely. In this study, to deal with the redundant mobility resources and high costs of instant delivery services, we model an MaaS ecosystem that provides mobility and instant delivery services by sharing the same multimodal transport system. We derive a two‐class bundle choice user equilibrium (BUE) for mobility and delivery users in the MaaS ecosystems. We propose a bilateral surcharge–reward scheme (BSRS) to manage the integrated mobility and delivery demand in different incentive scenarios. We further formulate a bilevel programming problem to optimize the proposed BSRS, where the upper level problem aims to minimize the total system equilibrium costs of mobility and delivery users, and the lower level problem is the derived two‐class BUE with BSRS. We analyze the optimal operational strategies of the BSRS and develop a solution algorithm for the proposed bilevel programming problem based on the system performance under BSRS. Numerical studies conducted with real‐world data validate the theoretical analysis, highlight the computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm, and indicate the benefits of the BSRS in managing the integrated mobility and delivery demand and reducing total system equilibrium costs of the MaaS ecosystems.
Factors influencing rectal hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Roberts Christopher , Albusoda Ahmed , Farmer Adam D. , Aziz Qasim
Published: December 2022

Background

A frequent, although not universal, feature of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is heightened sensitivity to mechanical stimulation of the rectum, termed rectal hypersensitivity (RH). Differences in RH‐based on sex, IBS subtype, IBS diagnostic criteria and age of population studied are incompletely understood. We aimed to determine whether IBS population had lower pain thresholds than healthy controls.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (1970–2021). Prospective studies that compared pain/discomfort thresholds to mechanical rectal stimuli in IBS and healthy controls were included. Data were pooled for meta‐analyses and effect sizes were calculated with 95% confidence interval (CIs).

Results

Our search strategy identified 809 studies of which 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. Reduced rectal pain thresholds was more common in IBS patients compared to healthy controls with an effect size of 1.00 95% CIs (0.77–1.24) (p < 0.0001) (I2 = 78.6%). The pediatric IBS population had lower pain thresholds than adult IBS populations (p = 0.05) but no difference based on IBS diagnostic criteria, subtype or sex.

Conclusion & Inferences

The results suggest that reduced rectal pain threshold to experimental stimulation is far more common in IBS patients than healthy controls. Further research is required to understand the pathophysiological and therapeutic implications of rectal sensitivity such as its role in measuring response to treatment and prognosis in IBS.
Maximum lingual pressure impacts both swallowing safety and efficiency in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Robison Raele Donetha , DiBiase Lauren , Anderson Amber , Wymer James P. , Plowman Emily K.
Published: December 2022

Background

Although reduced lingual strength is a confirmed early manifestation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), its functional impact on swallowing remains unclear. We therefore sought to examine relationships between maximum anterior isometric lingual pressure (MAIP) with swallowing safety, swallowing efficiency, and swallowing timing metrics in a large cohort of individuals with ALS.

Methods

Ninety‐seven participants with ALS completed a standardized videofluoroscopic swallowing examination (VF) and lingual pressure testing (Iowa Oral Performance Instrument). Duplicate and blinded ratings of the Penetration‐Aspiration Scale (PAS) and Analysis of Swallowing Physiology: Events, Kinematics and Timing (ASPEKT) percent efficiency (%C2–C42) and timing (laryngeal vestibule closure (LVC) duration: amount of time (milliseconds, msec) between LVC onset and laryngeal vestibule opening; time‐to‐LVC: hyoid burst to onset of LVC (msec); and swallow reaction time: interval between bolus passing ramus of mandible and onset of LVC (msec)) were performed across bolus trials. Swallowing safety (safe PAS: 1, 2, 4; unsafe PAS: 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8) and efficiency (inefficient: ≥3% worst total residue) were derived. Statistical analyses including descriptives, binary logistic regressions, and Spearman's rho correlations were performed (α = 0.05).

Key Results

Mean MAIP was 36.3 kPa (SD: 18.7). Mean MAIP was higher in those with safe swallowing as compared to those who penetrated (mean difference: 12 kPa) or aspirated (mean difference: 18 kPa). Individuals with efficient swallowing demonstrated higher MAIP than those with inefficient swallowing (mean difference: 11 kPa). Binary logistic regression analyses revealed increasing MAIP was significantly associated with a 1.06 (95% CI: 1.03–1.09) and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.01–1.06) greater odds of safe and efficient swallowing, respectively. No relationships were observed between MAIP and swallow reaction time across all bolus trials. Longer time‐to‐LVC (5 ml thin liquid: rs = −0.35, p = 0.002; cup sip thin liquid: rs = −0.26, p = 0.02; moderately thick liquid: rs = −0.28, p = 0.01) and prolonged LVC duration (cup sip thin liquid, rs = −0.34, p = 0.003) were associated with lower MAIP.

Conclusions and Inferences

Reduced lingual strength was confirmed in this group of 97 individuals with ALS that was associated with a diminished ability to effectively transport boluses and aide in laryngeal vestibule closure to prevent entry of material into the airway.
INEQUALITY BEFORE THE BRONZE AGE: THE CASE OF CHALCOLITHIC CYPRUS
Authors: Klinkenberg Victor , Düring Bleda S.
Published: December 2022

The emergence and nature of social inequality has been the topic of a substantial amount of research in recent years, with one group of scholars concluding that social inequality increased significantly with the rise of urbanism on the basis of the application of Gini measures, and another group arguing that social inequalities existed long before urbanism and that not all urban societies were class societies. Here, we present the case of Chalcolithic Cyprus, a decidedly pre‐urban period for which we have quantifiable evidence that might indicate social inequality. On the basis of this dataset we will re‐evaluate recent postulates on the emergence and nature of social inequality.
SOCIAL CHANGE AND METALWORKING IN THE EARLY IRON AGE: AN APPROACH FROM NORTH‐WEST IBERIA
Authors: Nión‐Álvarez Samuel , González García Francisco Javier
Published: December 2022

This paper analyses social transformations in the Early Iron Age based on a holistic and longue durée approach applied to the first fortified habitats in the Iberian north‐west. Through a comprehensive review of two paradigmatic settlements of the EIA in the province of A Coruña (Galicia, north‐west Iberia), Punta de Muros and A Graña, a comparison is drawn between the social and territorial dynamics of this period by means of an in‐depth analysis of the main characteristics of both settlements.

Accordingly, a greater level of social complexity during the phases of occupation of the settlement of Punta de Muros has been identified, in contrast to the resistance to change observed in A Graña. Based on these conclusions, the role of metalworking and its symbolic value in fostering and legitimizing these social and territorial transformations and in the development of Iron Age communities are analysed.
MORE THAN ONE MONUMENT AT POZO MORO? NOTES ON IBERIAN ARCHITECTURAL DECORATION
Authors: Robles Moreno Jesús
Published: December 2022

More than fifty years after the discovery of the first remains from Pozo Moro, new research has begun to question the arrangement, until now agreed upon, of the tower‐shaped monument. The recent paper by García Cardiel and Olmos (2021) employs iconography to sketch the possibility that the reliefs and sculptures encountered in said necropolis do not belong to a single monument, but two or more. In this paper we delve into this possibility by studying a fragment of architectural moulding from Pozo Moro, which allows us to conclude the possible existence of a pillar‐stele datable between 425–300 BC, when the necropolis was at its floruit. To reach this conclusion special attention is paid to Iberian architectural ornaments, a subject seldom yet studied.
Healing of the Torn Anterior Horn of Rabbit Medial Meniscus to Bone after Transtibial Pull‐Out Repair and Autologous Platelet‐Rich Plasma Gel Injection
Authors: Cui Peng , Sun Bai‐hai , Dai Ya‐feng , Cui Tian‐yi , Sun Jing‐lei , Shen Ke , Zhang Lian‐shan , Shi Chen‐xia , Wang Xiao‐feng
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The transtibial pull‐out repair (TP) is a relatively new method for treating meniscal root tear; however, the clinical evaluation of its healing effect remains controversial. Due to ethical constraints and limitations of imaging techniques in humans, here we dynamically observe the healing effects of TP and TP with platelet‐rich plasma gel (PRG) at the histological level using an animal model.

Methods

Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and PRG of rabbits were prepared. Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) levels in PRP and PRG were determined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. A rabbit model of anterior horn tear of the medial meniscus and TP surgery were created. PRG was injected between the anterior horn of the medial meniscus and the tibial tunnel. Rabbits were divided into three groups: the anterior horn tear group (Tear group), the anterior horn tear + TP group (TP group), and the anterior horn tear + TP + PRG group (TP + PRG group). The healing effect was observed dynamically using histopathological studies and biomechanical experiments.

Results

The platelet content in PRP significantly increased to approximately 4.57 times that of whole blood. PDGF and TGF‐β1 concentrations in PRG increased to 2.46 and 4.15 times those in PRP, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining showed that the number of inflammatory cells in healing tissue decreased and the collagen fibers significantly increased in TP and TP + PRG groups at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively compared to those in Tear group. Neatly arranged, interlaced, and dense collagen fibers were found between the anterior horn and bone at 12 weeks. H&E and toluidine blue staining showed that the injury to the femoral condyle cartilage was alleviated. The healing performance in TP + PRG group was better and faster than that in TP group. The maximum tensile fracture strength of the meniscus progressively increased at 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively.

Conclusions

Anterior horn injury of the medial meniscus in rabbits can be repaired using the TP technique, and the addition of autologous PRG to the bone tunnel promotes early healing of the meniscus and bone postoperatively. Meanwhile, both treatments can reduce the secondary damage to the cartilage due to osteoarthritis.
Emotional Reactions toCOVID‐19 Projections and Consequences for Protective Policies and Personal Behavior
Authors: Merrolla Jennifer , Nemerever Zoe , Lockhart Mackenzie , Kousser Thad , Romero Mindy , Hill Seth
Published: December 2022

How does the public react to information about the likely progression of COVID‐19 cases in the United States? How do these reactions vary over the course of the pandemic and by partisanship, and with what consequences for policy attitudes and personal behavior? We argue that reading projections about the peak of COVID‐19 cases in the United States is likely to lead to increased levels of anxiety and sadness. We expect that these effects will be more pronounced and less polarized along partisan lines earlier in the pandemic. Finally, we expect that elevated anxiety and sadness should in turn lead to greater support for protective policies to combat the pandemic and a greater inclination to engage in protective behaviors. To test these arguments, we fielded online survey experiments at three points in time (April, June, and August 2020), in which respondents were randomly assigned to a control group or one of two projections about the likely progression of COVID‐19 cases in the United States. Across all three waves, we find that exposure to information about case peaks increases anxiety and sadness, though the effects get weaker over time, particularly among Republicans. We also find evidence that these elevated emotional responses increase support for protective policies and behavior.
The WTO dispute settlement system as a forum for climate litigation?
Authors: Asmelash Henok
Published: December 2022

This article examines whether and to what extent the dispute settlement system (DSS) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) could and should serve as a venue for international climate litigation. The article tackles these questions in three parts. First, it maps the nature and features of a trade‐related climate litigation. Second, it considers the prospect of such litigation under existing substantive and procedural rules of the WTO. Third, it investigates whether the WTO DSS should serve as a venue for climate litigation. The article finds that while the prospect of pro‐climate litigation remains limited, anti‐climate litigation is likely to increase, and that the DSS is an appropriate venue for adjudicating such disputes.
Using role play to develop positive attitudes toward people with disabilities among dental students: An exploratory pilot study
Authors: Vuković Ana , Jovanović Olja S. , Vranješević Jelena , Popovac Aleksandra , Perić Tamara , Marković Dejan
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Comprehensive and interprofessional undergraduate teaching and training in special care dentistry (SCD) could influence future dentists’ attitudes towards patients with disabilities. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of role play as part of SCD training on the attitudes of undergraduates towards patients with disabilities.

Method

The students attending the SCD module during the autumn semester of 2019 comprised our target population. A quasi‐experimental design was used to compare the attitudinal scores between three groups of students exposed to different modalities of SCD teaching: group 1 – didactic teaching (N = 92), group 2 – didactic teaching and clinical training in the dental treatment of children or elderly patients with disabilities (N = 142), group 3 – theoretical teaching and clinical training, accompanied by role play sessions featuring persons with disabilities (N = 20). The contact rate was 100%. The outcomes of the intervention were measured using the altruism scale, which forms part of the International Association for Disability and Oral Health (iADH) Toolbox for measuring attitudes and intended behaviors towards persons with disabilities.

Results

The analysis revealed the two‐factor structure of the nine‐item altruism scale. The first factor was described as the acceptance of oral health care as a universal human right, while the second was the perception of the contribution of marginalised groups, including people with disabilities, to the community. The students participating in the role play scored higher on both factors in comparison to those attending other modes of SCD training.

Conclusion

The presented findings suggested role play as a powerful tool in fostering positive attitudes towards persons with disabilities in the education of dental students and highlighted the importance of multidisciplinary training.
Transform orders and stochastic monotonicity of statistical functionals
Authors: Lando Tommaso , Arab Idir , Oliveira Paulo Eduardo
Published: December 2022

In some inferential statistical methods, such as tests and confidence intervals, it is important to describe the stochastic behavior of statistical functionals, aside from their large sample properties. We study such a behavior in terms of the usual stochastic order. For this purpose, we introduce a generalized family of stochastic orders, which is referred to as transform orders, showing that it provides a flexible framework for deriving stochastic monotonicity results. Given that our general definition makes it possible to obtain some well known ordering relations as particular cases, we can easily apply our method to different families of functionals. These include some prominent inequality measures, such as the generalized entropy, the Gini index, and its generalizations. We also illustrate the applicability of our approach by determining the least favorable distribution, and the behavior of some bootstrap statistics, in some goodness‐of‐fit testing procedures.
A systematic review of growth mindset intervention implementation strategies
Authors: Burnette Jeni L. , Knouse Laura E. , Billingsley Joseph , Earl Sydney , Pollack Jeffrey M. , Hoyt Crystal L.
Published: December 2022

Growth mindset interventions, which seek to teach the belief that attributes can change, are increasing in popularity and being leveraged to improve health. As these interventions expand in scope, there is a critical need for a systematic review of existing implementation practices to help move the field towards more robust, impactful, and replicable science. To meet this need, we took a three‐fold approach. First, we created a framework for the implementation of mindset interventions (FIMI) using an inductive, interpretive approach that merged existing fidelity frameworks with growth mindset expert opinions. Second, we used the FIMI to frame a systematic, descriptive review of mindset intervention protocols and to create a checklist for transparent reporting of mindset intervention strategies. Third, we provided future research directions that can help to improve the impact of mindset interventions in health‐related contexts.
When a Robot Is Your Teammate
Authors: Correia Filipa , Melo Francisco S. , Paiva Ana
Published: December 2022

Creating effective teamwork between humans and robots involves not only addressing their performance as a team but also sustaining the quality and sense of unity among teammates, also known as cohesion. This paper explores the research problem of: how can we endow robotic teammates with social capabilities to improve the cohesive alliance with humans? By defining the concept of a human–robot cohesive alliance in the light of the multidimensional construct of cohesion from the social sciences, we propose to address this problem through the idea of multifaceted human–robot cohesion. We present our preliminary effort from previous works to examine each of the five dimensions of cohesion: social, collective, emotional, structural, and task. We finish the paper with a discussion on how human–robot cohesion contributes to the key questions and ongoing challenges of creating robotic teammates. Overall, cohesion in human–robot teams might be a key factor to propel team performance and it should be considered in the design, development, and evaluation of robotic teammates.
Genome‐wide identification and characterization of exapted transposable elements in the large genome of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.)
Authors: Ventimiglia Maria , Marturano Giovanni , Vangelisti Alberto , Usai Gabriele , Simoni Samuel , Cavallini Andrea , Giordani Tommaso , Natali Lucia , Zuccolo Andrea , Mascagni Flavia
Published: December 2022

Transposable elements (TEs) are an important source of genome variability, playing many roles in the evolution of eukaryotic species. Besides well‐known phenomena, TEs may undergo the exaptation process and generate the so‐called exapted transposable element genes (ETEs). Here we present a genome‐wide survey of ETEs in the large genome of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.), in which the massive amount of TEs, provides a significant source for exaptation. A library of sunflower TEs was used to build TE‐specific Hidden Markov Model profiles, to search for all available sunflower gene products. In doing so, 20 016 putative ETEs were identified and further investigated for the characteristics that distinguish TEs from genes, leading to the validation of 3530 ETEs. The analysis of ETEs transcription patterns under different stress conditions showed a differential regulation triggered by treatments mimicking biotic and abiotic stress; furthermore, the distribution of functional domains of differentially regulated ETEs revealed a relevant presence of domains involved in many aspects of cellular functions. A comparative genomic investigation was performed including species representative of Asterids and appropriate outgroups: the bulk of ETEs that resulted were specific to the sunflower, while few ETEs presented orthologues in the genome of all analyzed species, making the hypothesis of a conserved function. This study highlights the crucial role played by exaptation, actively contributing to species evolution.
Evaluation of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratios in critically ill dogs
Authors: Dourmashkin Lisa H. , Lyons Bridget , Hess Rebecka S. , Walsh Koranda , Silverstein Deborah C.
Published: December 2022

Objective

To evaluate whether the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are accurate prognostic indicators and correlate with illness severity scores in critically ill dogs.

Design

Prospective observational study from December 2016 to May 2017.

Setting

ICU at a veterinary teaching hospital.

Animals

Seventy‐two client‐owned dogs admitted to the ICU with CBCs and abbreviated and complete acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLEfast and APPLEfull) scores were enrolled.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and Main Results

The NLR, PLR, APPLEfast, and APPLEfull scores were calculated for each patient on the day of admission. Patients were followed from admission to discharge, and diagnosis, survival, and length of hospitalization were recorded. The patient population was assessed as a whole and as subcategories of patients with neoplastic disease, infectious disease, sepsis, and severe hemorrhage. Dogs with nonseptic disease processes (n = 52) that died had a significantly higher median PLR (P = 0.04) of 441 (range: 106–986) compared to those that survived with a median PLR of 217 (range: 28.4–3225). The PLR was strongly predictive of ICU length of stay in dogs with severe hemorrhage (P = 0.03, Spearman's rho = 0.84). The NLR had a poor positive correlation with APPLEfull score (P = 0.04, Spearman's rho = 0.24), and PLR had a poor negative correlation with APPLEfast score (P = 0.02, Spearman's rho = –0.27).

Conclusions

The PLR correlated with ICU length of stay for patients with severe hemorrhage and with survival for patients with nonseptic disease processes. The PLR and NLR correlated with illness severity as measured by APPLE scores. Future studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to further determine the merit of NLR and PLR as indicators of morbidity, mortality, and illness severity.
In defense of xenotransplantation research: Because of, not in spite of, animal welfare concerns
Authors: Bobier Christopher , Rodger Daniel , Hurst Daniel J. , Omelianchuk Adam
Published: December 2022

It is envisioned that one day xenotransplantation will bring about a future where transplantable organs can be safely and efficiently grown in transgenic pigs to help meet the global organ shortage. While recent advances have brought this future closer, worries remain about whether it will be beneficial overall. The unique challenges and risks posed to humans that arise from transplanting across the species barrier, in addition to the costs borne by non‐human animals, has led some to question the value of xenotransplantation altogether. In response, we defend the value of xenotransplantation research, because it can satisfy stringent welfare conditions on the permissibility of animal research and use. Along the way, we respond to the alleged concerns, and conclude that they do not currently warrant a cessation or a curtailing of xenotransplantation research.
A version of Waldhausen's chromatic convergence for TC$TC$
Authors: Blumberg Andrew J. , Mandell Michael A. , Yuan Allen
Published: December 2022

The map is a weak equivalence.
Generalized torsion for hyperbolic 3‐manifold groups with arbitrary large rank
Authors: Ito Tetsuya , Motegi Kimihiko , Teragaito Masakazu
Published: December 2022

Let be a group and a non‐trivial element in . If some non‐empty finite product of conjugates of equals to the trivial element, then is called a generalized torsion element. To the best of our knowledge, we have no hyperbolic 3‐manifold groups with generalized torsion elements whose rank is explicitly known to be greater than two. The aim of this short note is to demonstrate that for a given integer there are infinitely many closed hyperbolic 3‐manifolds which enjoy the property: (i) the Heegaard genus of is , (ii) the rank of is , and (ii) has a generalized torsion element. Furthermore, we may choose as homology lens spaces and so that the order of the generalized torsion element is arbitrarily large.
Discorrelation of multiplicative functions with nilsequences and its application on coefficients of automorphic L‐functions
Authors: He Xiaoguang , Wang Mengdi
Published: December 2022

We introduce a class of multiplicative functions in which each function satisfies some statistic conditions, and then prove that the above functions are not correlated with finite degree polynomial nilsequences. Besides, we give two applications of this result. One is that the twisting of coefficients of automorphic L‐function on and polynomial nilsequences has logarithmic decay; the other is that the mean value of the Möbius function, coefficients of automorphic L‐function, and polynomial nilsequences also has logarithmic decay.
Exploring electromechanical utility of GaAs interdigitated transducers; using finite-element-method-based parametric analysis and experimental comparison
Authors: Rummel Brian D. , Miroshnik Leonid , Li Andrew B. , Heilman Grant D. , Balakrishnan Ganesh , Sinno Talid , Han Sang M.
Published: December 2022

Analysis of interdigitated transducers often relies on phenomenological models to approximate device electrical performance. While these approaches prove essential for signal processing applications, phenomenological models provide limited information on the device’s mechanical response and physical characteristics of the generated acoustic field. Finite element method modeling, in comparison, offers a robust platform to study the effects of the full device geometry on critical performance parameters of interdigitated transducer devices. In this study, we fabricate a surface acoustic wave resonator on semi-insulating GaAs (100), which consists of an interdigitated transducer and acoustic mirror assembly. The device is subsequently modeled using fem software. A vector network analyzer is used to measure the experimental device scattering response, which compares well with the simulated results. The wave characteristics of the experimental device are measured by contact-mode atomic force microscopy, which validates the simulation’s mechanical response predictions. We further show that a computational parametric analysis can be used to optimize device designs for series resonance frequency, effective coupling coefficient, quality factor, and maximum acoustic surface displacement.