bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flood damage: a model for consistent, complete and multipurpose scenarios
Authors: Menoni Scira , Molinari Daniela , Ballio Francesco , Minucci Guido , Mejri Ouejdane , Atun Funda , Berni Nicola , Pandolfo Claudia
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Effective flood risk mitigation requires the impacts of flood events to be much better and more reliably known than is currently the case. Available post-flood damage assessments usually supply only a partial vision of the consequences of the floods as they typically respond to the specific needs of a particular stakeholder. Consequently, they generally focus (i) on particular items at risk, (ii) on a certain time window after the occurrence of the flood, (iii) on a specific scale of analysis or (iv) on the analysis of damage only, without an investigation of damage mechanisms and root causes. This paper responds to the necessity of a more integrated interpretation of flood events as the base to address the variety of needs arising after a disaster. In particular, a model is supplied to develop multipurpose complete event scenarios. The model organizes available information after the event according to five logical axes. This way post-flood damage assessments can be developed that (i) are multisectoral, (ii) consider physical as well as functional and systemic damage, (iii) address the spatial scales that are relevant for the event at stake depending on the type of damage that has to be analyzed, i.e., direct, functional and systemic, (iv) consider the temporal evolution of damage and finally (v) allow damage mechanisms and root causes to be understood. All the above features are key for the multi-usability of resulting flood scenarios. The model allows, on the one hand, the rationalization of efforts currently implemented in ex post damage assessments, also with the objective of better programming financial resources that will be needed for these types of events in the future. On the other hand, integrated interpretations of flood events are fundamental to adapting and optimizing flood mitigation strategies on the basis of thorough forensic investigation of each event, as corroborated by the implementation of the model in a case study.
Typhoon Haiyan's sedimentary record in coastal environments of the Philippines and its palaeotempestological implications
Authors: Brill Dominik , May Simon Matthias , Engel Max , Reyes Michelle , Pint Anna , Opitz Stephan , Dierick Manuel , Gonzalo Lia Anne , Esser Sascha , Brückner Helmut
Published: December 2016

Abstract. On 8 November 2013, category 5 Supertyphoon Haiyan made landfall on the Philippines. During a post-typhoon survey in February 2014, Haiyan-related sand deposition and morphological changes were documented at four severely affected sites with different exposure to the typhoon track and different geological and geomorphological settings. Onshore sand sheets reaching 100–250 m inland are restricted to coastal areas with significant inundation due to amplification of surge levels in embayments or due to accompanying long-wave phenomena at the most exposed coastlines of Leyte and Samar. However, localized washover fans with a storm-typical laminated stratigraphy occurred even along coasts with limited inundation due to waves overtopping or breaching coastal barriers. On a recent reef platform off Negros in the Visayan Sea, storm waves entrained coral rubble from the reef slope and formed an intertidal coral ridge several hundreds of metres long when breaking at the reef edge. As these sediments and landforms were generated by one of the strongest storms ever recorded, they not only provide a recent reference for typhoon signatures that can be used for palaeotempestological and palaeotsunami studies in the region but might also increase the general spectrum of possible cyclone deposits. Although a rather atypical example for storm deposition due to the influence of infra-gravity waves, it nevertheless provides a valuable reference for an extreme case that should be considered when discriminating between storm and tsunami deposits in general. Even for sites with low topography and high inundation levels during Supertyphoon Haiyan, the landward extent of the documented sand sheets seems significantly smaller than typical sand sheets of large tsunamis. This criterion may potentially be used to distinguish both types of events.
Spatial–temporal clustering of tornadoes
Authors: Malamud Bruce D. , Turcotte Donald L. , Brooks Harold E.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The standard measure of the intensity of a tornado is the Enhanced Fujita scale, which is based qualitatively on the damage caused by a tornado. An alternative measure of tornado intensity is the tornado path length, L. Here we examine the spatial–temporal clustering of severe tornadoes, which we define as having path lengths L ≥  10 km. Of particular concern are tornado outbreaks, when a large number of severe tornadoes occur in a day in a restricted region. We apply a spatial–temporal clustering analysis developed for earthquakes. We take all pairs of severe tornadoes in observed and modelled outbreaks, and for each pair plot the spatial lag (distance between touchdown points) against the temporal lag (time between touchdown points). We apply our spatial–temporal lag methodology to the intense tornado outbreaks in the central United States on 26 and 27 April 2011, which resulted in over 300 fatalities and produced 109 severe (L ≥  10 km) tornadoes. The patterns of spatial–temporal lag correlations that we obtain for the 2 days are strikingly different. On 26 April 2011, there were 45 severe tornadoes and our clustering analysis is dominated by a complex sequence of linear features. We associate the linear patterns with the tornadoes generated in either a single cell thunderstorm or a closely spaced cluster of single cell thunderstorms moving at a near-constant velocity. Our study of a derecho tornado outbreak of six severe tornadoes on 4 April 2011 along with modelled outbreak scenarios confirms this association. On 27 April 2011, there were 64 severe tornadoes and our clustering analysis is predominantly random with virtually no embedded linear patterns. We associate this pattern with a large number of interacting supercell thunderstorms generating tornadoes randomly in space and time. In order to better understand these associations, we also applied our approach to the Great Plains tornado outbreak of 3 May 1999. Careful studies by others have associated individual tornadoes with specified supercell thunderstorms. Our analysis of the 3 May 1999 tornado outbreak directly associated linear features in the largely random spatial–temporal analysis with several supercell thunderstorms, which we then confirmed using model scenarios of synthetic tornado outbreaks. We suggest that it may be possible to develop a semi-automated modelling of tornado touchdowns to match the type of observations made on the 3 May 1999 outbreak.
Análisis de la producción científica de los artículos de la Revista Zootecnia Tropical del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas (2006-2013)
Authors: Montilla Peña Leomar José , Pérez Reyes Guillermo Andrés
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: Conocer la producción científica agropecuaria y temas a fines publicados en la Revista Zootecnia Tropical del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas, Venezuela. Método: Se realizó un análisis bibliométrico que incluye un estudio descriptivo y un análisis estadístico longitudinal desde el año 2006 hasta el 2013, se estudiaron 11 indicadores bibliométricos que van de acuerdo a la actividad científica y a los contenidos de los estudios. Resultados: Se analizaron un total de 380 publicaciones, el año de mayor productividad fue el 2008 con un total de 88 artículos científicos y 1 nota técnica, la media del índice de firmas/documentos es 4,43 durante todo el periodo estudiado, el 59,17% de los documentos publicados provienen de instituciones relacionadas con la investigación agrícola, las temáticas registradas en los documentos publicados predominó una mayor centralidad y densidad en dos de los temas motores del campo científico. Conclusiones: El periodo estudiado muestra que la productividad de tipo documental está próxima a la misma y que se observar una mayor centralidad y densidad en los temas motores del campo científico, la tendencia se centra en la publicación de artículos científicos frente a otro tipo de trabajos, predominaron los temas de Fisiología y Bioquímica de la Planta, la productividad autoral mostro además que entre los autores más productivos el ranking oscila entre 26 a 8 contribuciones científicas.
Revisión histórica de la bibliografía gimnástico-deportiva impresa en Barcelona (s. XIX-1910)
Authors: Torrebadella Flix Xavier
Published: December 2016

En este artículo se presenta un repertorio bibliográfico gimnástico-deportivo de 67 obras impresas en Barcelona entre 1820-1910. El trabajo contiene además un estudio bio-bibliográfico genérico y contextualizado de las obras. La localización de las fuentes documentales tienen como punto de partida los estudios recientes del autor. Con ello se pretende contribuir a la organización de la memoria social y a la divulgación del patrimonio documental histórico de la educación física y el deporte. El análisis crítico y contextual de este repertorio pone de relieve el protagonismo que ejerció Barcelona en la difusión del asociacionismo deportivo y de la emergente literatura que acompañó este proceso.
Ciudad global y consumos culturales en Buenos Aires de fin de siglo XX: continuidades y rupturas del neoliberalismo
Authors: Martínez Margarita Ana Cristina
Published: December 2016

Como muchas ciudades latinoamericanas, Buenos Aires, durante la década de 1990, fue escenario de una serie de cambios vertiginosos que se asociaron, con mayor o menor énfasis, al imperativo de entrar en un escenario global. Zonas que décadas atrás eran orgullo de la metrópolis y donde el auge constructor del siglo XIX había afincado el poderío de un Estado-Nación en crecimiento comenzaron a ser abandonadas en favor de barrios nuevos o reciclados que insinuaban una impronta estética y cultural. El neoliberalismo imprimió de esta manera sus signos en la ciudad: se produjo la formación, mpulsada por el Estado, de nuevos barrios (como Puerto Madero), el reciclaje de otros con una activa vida previa y en manos de emprendimientos privados (el barrio porteño de Palermo), el surgimiento de shoppings basados en la reconversión de antiguas estructuras industriales abandonadas, entre otros ejemplos. Después de la gran crisis argentina del año 2001, estos procesos fueron inscriptos en una oposición que sugería una ruptura entre la década neoliberal de los noventa y la década siguiente. Este artículo sostiene, por el contrario, que existe una continuidad cultural entre ambas décadas y que esa continuidad se expresa en la perpetuación y potenciación de espacios denominados "globales" y en las prácticas de consumo cultural que los caracterizan.
Solidarity and the Absurd in Kamel Daoud's Meursault, contre-enquête
Authors: Horton Sarah
Published: December 2016

This article examines Kamel Daoud’s treatment of solidarity and the absurd in Meursault, contre-enquête and posits that the question of how to live in solidarity with others is central to the novel, although the word ‘solidarity’ never appears in it. After recalling Camus’s discussion of the absurd in Le Mythe de Sisyphe and of solidarity in L’Homme révolté, the article examines the manner in which Haroun, Daoud’s narrator and the brother of the Arab Meursault killed in L’Étranger, reveals his own failures of solidarity. He justly criticizes Meursault for privileging his confrontation with the absurd over the death of the Arab he did not even name, but Haroun too has killed. Haroun has, however, a greater understanding of solidarity than his fellows: he at least recognizes that murder is significant. He thus joins Meursault as an unworthy prophet who proclaims the absurd while surrounded by people who flee from it—and proclaiming the absurd can be a gesture of solidarity when one speaks for others, as Haroun speaks for his brother Moussa. Daoud’s novel reminds us that there are no final answers telling us how to live in solidarity with others and that we must do so all the same.
Autonocoin: A Proof-of-Belief Cryptocurrency
Authors: Abramowicz Michael
Published: December 2016

This paper proposes a self-governing cryptocurrency, dubbed Autonocoin. Cryptocurrency owners play formal tacit coordination games by making investments recorded on the blockchain. Such investments represent bets about the focal point resolution of normative issues, such as whether a proposed change to Autonocoin should occur. The game produces a result that resolves the issue. With a typical cryptocurrency, the client software establishes conventions that ultimately lead to the identification of the authoritative blockchain. Autonocoin completes a circle by making transactions on the blockchain that in turn define those conventions and the expected software behavior. The distributed consensus mechanism embodied by formal tacit coordination games, meanwhile, can make other types of decisions, including which of competing blockchains is authoritative and whether new Autonocoins should be rewarded to benefit those who have taken actions to benefit Autonocoin. This establishes a unique funding model for a cryptocurrency, and it addresses objections to cryptocurrencies issued predominantly to the initial founders, as well as to those that encourage wasteful mining activities.
Bitcoin Market Volatility Analysis Using Grand Canonical Minority Game
Authors: Ortisi Matteo
Published: December 2016

In this paper we propose to use the Grand Canonical Minority Game (GCMG, a highly simplified financial market model) as a model of bitcoin market to show how the lack of an income for “miners”, similar to yield earned by bond holders, could be a structural reason for high volatility of bitcoin price in a reference currency. Coherently with present analysis, the introduction of future contracts on bitcoin would have the effect of reducing the overall market volatility.
LUDICIDADE NO ENSINO DA NORMALIDADE EM UM AMBIENTE FLORESTAL
Authors: Santana Otacílio Antunes , Petrova Yekaterina
Published: December 2016

A intenção desse trabalho foi aplicar a pedagogia explícita lúdica em um contexto florestal a buscar a consolidação do conhecimento sobre o estudo da normalidade e a teia interdisciplinar que o conteúdo requer para sua compreensão. O jogo pré-determinado se baseou na amostragem de dados biométricos florestais por grupos de alunos do ensino médio, em que o primeiro grupo que atingissem a distribuição normal (D´Agostino K2) no conjunto de dados coletados, ganhava a rodada. Alunos da licenciatura foram os supervisores e condutores dos grupos. Após o planejamento, a interação lúdica e as avaliações, a vertente pedagógica utilizada mostrou ser um caminho para o engajamento motivacional e para a consolidação do conhecimento na teia interdisciplinar e transdisciplinar.
O USO DE HISTÓRIA EM QUADRINHOS NO ENSINO DE IMUNOLOGIA PARA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA DE NÍVEL MÉDIO
Authors: Alves de Toledo Karina , Mazali Gabriela Stella , Pegoraro Juliana Alves , Orlando Jaqueline , Almeida Daniel Manzoni de
Published: December 2016

Ensinar imunologia no ensino médio ainda é um desafio. Como podemos trabalhar os diferentes tipos de células e moléculas que compõem o sistema imunológico em aulas de biologia? Aqui, avaliamos o uso de história em quadrinhos com temática de imunologia  nas aulas de biologia. Nossos resultados mostraram que o uso de histórias em quadrinhos ajudou na abordagem do assunto imunologia com o reconhecimento de diferentes tipos celulares e moléculas pelos estudantes. Em conclusão, o uso de histórias em quadrinho, nas aulas de biologia pode auxiliar na abordagem e discussão de temas complexos como os de imunologia.
A PRODUÇÃO DOS SABERES DOCENTES E O ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO: O QUE DIZEM AS NARRATIVAS DOS ALUNOS
Authors: Carmo Edinaldo Medeiros , Souza Rocha Winne Katharine
Published: December 2016

Esta investigação teve como foco os saberes produzidos pelos licenciados em Ciências Biológicas durante o estágio supervisionado. Ao utilizar como fonte de dados os relatórios de estágio, esta pesquisa examinou em especial as contribuições das disciplinas da Prática de Ensino para a construção dos saberes docentes, sem desconsiderar as dificuldades encontradas pelos estagiários. Os resultados apontam para o fato de que a inserção do licenciado em situações reais de ensino no espaço escolar permite a retradução dos conhecimentos adquiridos na formação inicial. Portanto, as atividades do estágio contribuem para o desenvolvimento profissional dos estudantes de licenciatura, pois lhes permitem vivenciar, apoiados em reflexões advindas da sua formação, as suas primeiras tentativas de construção dos saberes docentes em contextos de ensino.
A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL COMO PROPOSTA DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES REFLEXIVOS: DAS PRÁTICAS CONTEXTUALIZADAS À PERSPECTIVA EMANCIPATÓRIA RUMO À AMBIENTALIZAÇÃO NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Da Silva Nóbrega Maria Luciana , Cleophas Maria das Graças
Published: December 2016

A Educação Ambiental tem contribuído sobremaneira para o estabelecimento de uma aprendizagem significativa que busca inserir, nas práticas pedagógicas tradicionais, uma perspectiva dialética na construção do conhecimento. No intuito de fornecer significância à aprendizagem, muitos educadores defendem a necessidade da construção de uma nova metodologia de abordagem didática. Nesse sentido, argumentamos sobre a utilização de duas abordagens pedagógicas conjuntas na sua prática: a Contextualização dos conteúdos e a Interdisciplinaridade, como estímulo aos docentes para adotar práticas diferenciadas. Outro benefício dessa prática conjunta seria o de proporcionar aos estudantes uma aprendizagem significativa, dotada de crítica, reflexividade e empoderamento, numa perspectiva emancipatória voltada para a Sustentabilidade, no processo chamado de Ambientalização.
RELAÇÕES ENTRE ENSINAR CIÊNCIAS E A ESCRITA: REFLEXÕES SOBRE AS “ORIGENS” DE SEU PESQUISAR NO BRASIL
Authors: Tomio Daniela
Published: December 2016

Com base em um estado da arte da pesquisa no Brasil sobre as relações entre o escrever e o ensino de Ciências destaca-se uma das dimensões investigadas, localizando origens deste pesquisar. Para isso, realizou-se uma análise histórico-epistemológica das pesquisas sobre escrita divulgadas em periódicos e eventos científicos da área de Ensino de Ciências, considerando os aportes teóricos da epistemologia de Ludwik Fleck e da Análise de Discurso francesa. As interpretações realizadas no estudo permitem compreender quando se iniciou as publicações sobre escrever na área de Ensino de Ciências, as tendências da produção científica ao longo de sua história e a circulação de ideias entre pesquisadores e com de outras áreas a fim de responder aos seus problemas de investigação.
Qualidade de vida, espiritualidade, religião e crenças pessoais de dependentes químicos em tratamento
Authors: Bettarello Viviana Colbacho , Silva Lilane Maria Alves , Molina Nayara Paula Fernandes Martins , Silveira Tatiana , Rodrigues Leiner Resende
Published: December 2016

Objetivou-se identificar os escores de qualidade de vida e espiritualidade/religião e crenças pessoais e sua relação com o número de recaídas de 180 dependentes químicos em recuperação. Estudo transversal e analítico, cujos instrumentos foram: questionário sociodemográfico, WHOQOL-Bref e WHOQOL-SRPB. Para a análise, utilizou-se estatística descritiva e regressão linear (p<0,05), pelo software SPSS, versão 20.0. Predominaram adultos com média de 36 anos, solteiros, com nove a 12 anos de estudo, renda familiar de dois a três salários mínimos, católicos e com cinco ou mais recaídas. Na qualidade de vida o domínio Físico obteve o maior escore e o Meio Ambiente, o menor. Quanto à espiritualidade, a faceta Fé alcançou o maior escore e Paz Interior, o menor.  Houve associação entre número de recaídas e o domínio Relações sociais e a faceta Admiração. São necessárias estratégias de enfrentamento da dependência química e recaídas, alicerçado na qualidade de vida e na espiritualidade/religião.
True Crime: The Regular Reinvention of a Genre
Authors: Franks Rachel
Published: December 2016

True crime has become entrenched within the sphere of popular culture. As entertainment and information true crime has captured, and held, the public imagination, maintaining a place in our societies (as demonstrated through the consumption of true crime) through successfully navigating shifts across format and focus. This article argues the disruption this instability generates is mitigated by the genre’s capacity to regularly reinvent itself in response to social changes. Offering three examples of successful print-based reinventions in England and America, this research highlights how such reinventions serve as watershed moments in the genre’s history, allowing true crime to maintain a prominent position within the landscape of popular culture. These examples are: impacts of an increased application of capital punishment in 1720s England; introduction of the investigator as standard for the true crime tale in 1800s England; and the widespread incorporation of literary techniques into true crime storytelling in 1960s America.
Tratamento cirúrgico de ameloblastoma sólido convencional: relato de caso clínico
Authors: Melo Radamés Bezerra , Carneiro Nayara Cristina Monteiro , Fonseca Wallyson Luis Maues da , Lima Jader Fadul de , Araújo Helen Patrícia da Silva , Pontes Hélder Antônio Rebelo
Published: December 2016

O ameloblastoma convencional é uma neoplasia benigna originada do tecido epitelial odontogênico encontrado nos ossos maxilares. É caracterizado, clinicamente, como tumor de crescimento lento, na maioria dos casos, é assintomático ou pode causar parestesias, assim como pode ocasionar deslocamento, mobilidade e reabsorção dental. Histologicamente, a variante multicística possui diversos padrões, como: folicular, plexiforme e desmoplásico. Devido a essas variações histo -patológicas, existem diversos métodos de tratamento, desde a enucleação e curetagem até ressecções mais agressivas. Sendo que essas são bem mais indicadas, tendo em vista o potencial agressivo e infiltrativo da lesão. Objetivo: este trabalho visa relatar um caso clínico de ameloblastoma multicístico tratado por ressecção marginal mandibular. Relato de caso: paciente do gênero feminino, 40 anos de idade, com hipótese diagnóstica de ameloblastoma por meio de radiografia panorâmica de rotina. Por intermédio da biópsia incisional, foi diagnosticado ameloblastoma multicístico em região de corpo, ângulo e ramo mandibular esquerdo. O tratamento de escolha foi, assim como na maioria dos casos relatados na literatura, a ressecção cirúrgica.
Considerações finais: essa opção de tratamento é mais justificada pelo alto índice de recidiva das lesões tratadas de forma mais conservadora. No presente trabalho, a paciente foi mantida em proservação por trinta meses, período em que não foi observado nenhum sinal de recidiva da lesão ou complicações pós-operatórias.
Influência da vestimenta do cirurgião-dentista e do ambiente do consultório odontológico na ansiedade de crianças pré-escolares durante consulta odontológica: resultados de um estudo piloto
Authors: Hasse Milena Goveia Mathies , De Oliveira Luisa Jardim Corrêa , Azevedo Marina Sousa
Published: December 2016

O medo e a ansiedade em odontopediatria podem ser uma barreira para a realização do tratamento odontológico. Objetivo: avaliar a influência da alteração da vestimenta do cirurgião-dentista e da modificação do
ambiente do consultório odontológico na ansiedade odontológica de crianças entre 3 e 6 anos de idade. Sujeitos e método: este estudo clínico randomizado controlado cruzado incluiu doze pré-escolares da cidade de Pelotas, no Rio Grande do Sul. Cada criança foi submetida a dois procedimentos odontológicos iguais realizados sob a forma convencional (controle) e com alterações lúdicas no ambiente do consultório odontológico e na vestimenta do profissional (intervenção). O
nível de ansiedade das crianças foi avaliado por meio do Venham Picture Test (VPT) modificado. Aos pais/responsáveis foi aplicado um questionário para avaliar a percepção sobre o comportamento de seu filho durante o atendimento odontológico, para analisar a autopercepção de ansiedade foi utilizada a escala de ansiedade odontológica (DAS). A diferença entre o controle e a intervenção foi avaliada pelo teste de Wilcoxon (P < 0,05). Resultados: antes do início da consulta, grande parte dos pais/responsáveis classificou a ansiedade do filho como moderadamente baixa e a própria como alta. Na análise da DAS, a maioria apresentou grau moderado de ansiedade. Não houve diferença nas médias do VPT com relação às duas formas de atendimento
(P = 0,8697). Conclusão: este estudo piloto observou que não houve influência na ansiedade odontológica da criança quando o ambiente do consultório e a vesti-menta do CD foram modificados. Mais estudos são necessários a fim de confirmar esse resultado preliminar.
Assessment of occlusal characteristics of the primary dentition: a cross-sectional study in Brazilian preschool children
Authors: Bervian Juliane , Feldens Carlos Alberto , Kramer Paulo Floriani , Pavinato Larissa Correa Brusco
Published: December 2016

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the occlusal characteristics and prevalence of malocclusion among Brazilianpreschool children. Subjects and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1004 children aged 2-5 years enrolled in public preschools of the city of Canoas, RS, Brazil. A questionnaire was administered to guardians addressing demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral
characteristics of the children and their families. The clinical exam was
performed by previously calibrated dentists and the characteristics of the primary dentition were verified according to set criteria. Data analysis was performed through the chi-square test. Results: Stability in the sagittal and transverse planes of the posterior region, and a variability of incisal relations in the primary dentition were verified. The findings show high prevalence of malocclusion (70.3%) and its association with age. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of malocclusion in primary dentition, implementing educational programs and prevention measures for preschool children is highlighted.
Ambulatory Surgical Centers: A Review of Complications and Adverse Events
Authors: Goldfarb Charles A. , Bansal Anchal , Brophy Robert H.
Published: December 2016

An increasing number of orthopaedic surgeries are performed at ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs), as is exemplified by the 272% population-adjusted increase in outpatient rotator cuff repairs from 1996 to 2006. Outpatient surgery is convenient for patients and cost effective for the healthcare system. The rate of complications and adverse events following orthopaedic surgeries at ASCs ranges from 0.05% to 20%. The most common complications are pain and nausea, followed by infection, impaired healing, and bleeding; these are affected by surgical and patient risk factors. The most important surgeon-controlled factors are surgical time, type of anesthesia, and site of surgery, whereas the key patient comorbidities are advanced age, female sex, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, and high body mass index. As the use of ASCs continues to rise, an understanding of risk factors and outcomes becomes increasingly important to guide indications for and management of orthopaedic surgery in the outpatient setting.
Purification and Characterization of Cellulase from Termite Ametermes eveuncifer (Silverstri) Soldiers
Authors: Fagbohunka B. S. , Okonji R. E. , Adenike Ayinla Zainab
Published: December 2016

Cellulase enzyme was purified and characterized from termite soldiers (Ametermes eveuncifer) using 70% ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography. The enzyme isolated had a specific activity of 5.04 U/mg with a percentage yield of 11.7%. The enzyme showed maximum activity at 500C and pH 8. The enzyme was not inhibited by Ba2+ at a concentration of 1mM and Pb2+ at 10 mM concentration but was inhibited by other metal ions at 1 mM and 10 mM concentrations of their salts (NaCl, KCl, MnCl2, and NiCl2),
Inverse Sampling for McNemar's Test
Authors: Von Tress Mark
Published: December 2016

Inverse sampling for McNemars test is studied. Sampling is conducted until a pre-specified number of discordant pairs is observed instead of sampling until a pre-specified total number of pairs is observed. The joint likelihood is decomposed into a product of a negative binomial distribution for the number of pairs required to observe r discordant pairs, a binomial distribution for the number of successes in the concordant observations, and a binomial distribution for the number of successes in the discordant observations. Since inference in this problem is based on the discordant observations, inverse sampling controls the type II error when small numbers of discordant observations are observed and the exact binomial test is required. The control results from fixing the sample size for the exact binomial test.  Standard sampling instead lets the sample size for the exact binomial test vary and then performs the test conditionally on the observed number of discordant pairs.
Determinants and Constraints of Pulse Production and Consumption among Farming Households of Ethiopia
Authors: Kabata Alemneh , Henry Carol , Moges Debebe , Kebebu Afework , Whiting Susan , Regassa Nigatu , Tyler Robert
Published: December 2016

In low income countries the agricultural sector is essential to growth, poverty reduction, and food security. Pulse crops are important components of crop production in Ethiopia's smallholders agriculture, providing an economic advantage to small farm holders as an alternative source of protein and other nutrients, cash income, that seeks to address food security. This study sought to gain an understanding of determinants and constraints to production and usage of pulse crops based on data collected in 2013 from 256 households in Oromia region of Ethiopia. Determinants of production and consumption were identified using logistic regression. The result showed that Haricot bean was produced, but not widely consumed. Lentil was widely consumed but not produced. Production of haricot bean was hampered by problems related to weed control, disease, pests, yield and soil quality, a seasonal market, and a shortage of farmland. Consumption of haricot bean was low due to perceived gastrointestinal distress after eating and the culture of it being a taboo food. Logistic regression showed household head educational status and age, land size and household size statistically significantly (p-value<0.05) affected household pulse (haricot bean and lentil) consumption frequency. Agronomic, market, culture and household characteristics related determinants and constraints were identified. Also a mismatch of production and consumption was observed in the study. It is recommended that agronomic and market concerns related to production of haricot bean and other pulses be addressed and that household food preparation techniques for pulses that reduce gastrointestinal symptoms be promoted and evaluated.
Linear Algebra and Differential Calculus in Pseudo-Intervals Vector Space
Authors: Kenoufi Abdelouahab
Published: December 2016

In this paper one proposes to use a new approach of interval arithmetic, the so-called pseudo- intervals [1, 5, 13]. It uses a construction which is more canonical and based on the semi-group completion into the group, and it allows to build a Banach vector space. This is achieved by embedding the vector space into free algebra of dimensions higher than 4. It permits to perform linear algebra and differential calculus with pseudo-intervals. Some numerical applications for interval matrix eigenmode calculation, inversion and function minimization are exhibited for simple examples.
A Note on Quadrangular Embedding of Abelian Cayley Graphs
Authors: Strapasson João Eloir , Costa Sueli Irene Rodrigues , Muniz Marcelo
Published: December 2016

The genus graphs have been studied by many authors, but just a few results concerning in special cases: Planar, Toroidal, Complete, Bipartite and Cartesian Product of Bipartite. We present here a general lower bound for the genus of a abelian Cayley graph and construct a family of circulant graphs which reach this bound.
Necromass as seed reservoir in macroforb meadows with varied moisture conditions
Authors: Franczak Magdalena , Czarnecka Bożenna
Published: December 2016

Necromass, i.e., dead plant parts, has a great impact on the spatial patterns of populations and communities. Depending on its thickness and the degree of decomposition, it may constitute a space-blocking physical barrier and impede recruitment of individuals due to, e.g., autotoxication. The aim of the study was to determine the role of the necromass layer in formation of the soil seed bank of variously moist meadow communities and its influence on the efficiency of generative reproduction. The authors paid special attention to the possibility of capture and storage of seeds of species occurring in the vegetation cover by necromass. Additionally, selected features of seeds of species present on the necromass were analyzed in order to identify species that can potentially contribute to formation of the necromass seed bank.

The plant cover comprised 52 species in total. Seedlings of 21 taxa appeared on the necromass and their number ranged from 10 to 13, depending on the patch. The density of the seedlings ranged from 339 to 4923 m−2. In all patches, Lythrum salicaria and Lysimachia vulgaris seedlings were most numerous. These two species were characterized by the highest frequency as well. The low values of Jaccard’s index (0.28–0.36) imply a low share of taxa that are common for the necromass and the vegetation cover. This result should be explained by the occurrence of large disproportions in the number of all species identified on the necromass and among the vegetation. The seeds are typically characterized by small sizes and usually have smooth or finely striated and/or ribbed surface texture. The presence of additional structures, e.g., pappus and hairs, in the largest and heaviest seeds (Crepis paludosa, Geum rivale, and Cirsium spp.) may help seeds capture in the necromass.
Diversity of weed communities in soybean [Glycine max (L.)] crop growing under direct sowing depending on cover crops and different herbicide doses
Authors: Harasim Elżbieta , Kwiatkowski Cezary Andrzej , Haliniarz Małgorzata , Harasim Paweł , Gocół Magdalena
Published: December 2016

Despite being harmful for agricultural production, weeds are an essential component of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. A field study was conducted during the period 2007–2009 on grey-brown podzolic soil (sandy), designated as PWsp, with the granulometric composition of silt and classified Class 2 in agricultural land suitability. The study evaluated the structure of weed communities based on selected indicators of diversity of a soybean crop grown under no-tillage with mulch from winter rye, winter oilseed rape, and white mustard as well as using herbicide rates reduced by 25% and 50% in relation to the standard rate (2 L ha−1). The studied factors were as follows: (i) mulch plant species and mulch management method; (ii) rates of the foliar herbicide Basagran 600 SL (a.i. bentazon; 600 g L−1). The results of this study confirm that no-tillage with mulch significantly changes the diversity of weed flora in a soybean crop. Among the mulches used, the mowed rye and winter oilseed rape in particular increased the values of the general diversity (H'), species richness (d), and evenness (J') indices relative to the control treatment. On the other hand, the study found a strong decrease in the value of the dominance index (c). Reduced herbicide rates modified only the species richness index, in the case of which the 75% rate resulted in its significantly higher values compared to the full rate.
Assessment of the correlation between gait and balance disorders, and the severity of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease, depression and cognitive impairment.
Authors: Czechowicz Bartłomiej , Siuda Joanna , Bednar Magdalena , Nowakowska Iwona , Rudzińska-Bar Monika
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Postural instability in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the major factors contributing to an increasing number of falls and fall related complications. Diagnosis of balance disorder is based on assessment of postural control by the biomechanical assessment of the musculoskeletal system, coordinating speed and precision of movements. The condition for the performance of precise and smooth movement is coordination of motor activity and sensory signals fl owing to the motor system. Study aim: The aim of the study is to assess the impact of non-motor symptoms (depression and cognitive impairment) and the impact of the severity of motor symptoms on the process of course of movement planning and control in Parkinson’s disease. Material and methods: The study involved 40 patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, diagnosed according to the criteria adopted by the United Kingdom Parkinson’s Disease Society Brain Bank (UKPDSBB), with stage II or III severity of symptoms of the disease according to the Hoehn-Yahr sclae. All the patients underwent physical examination with an evaluation using the UPDRS (Unifi ed Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale) and screening clinical trials were performed, evaluating cognitive functions (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA) and depressive disorders (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI). Evaluation of mobility, stability and motor control was done using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Tinetti test, the Up and Go test (TUG) and the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI). Results: There was a signifi cant correlation between the level of severity of movement disorders (according to UPRDS ON part III) and the parameters defi ning motor skills in the DGI (R= -0.49, p<0.001), the TUG test evaluating mobility (R=0.4, p<0.01), and static and dynamic balance disorder using BBS (R=-0.44, p<0.004). The level of cognitive functioning had signifi cant impact on the mobility and stability of patients, and the occurrence of depressive disorder did not affect the deterioration of basic postural reactions in the group of patients with PD. Cite this article as: Czechowicz B., Siuda J., Bednar M., Nowakowska I., Rudzińska-Bar M. Assessment of the correlation between gait and balance disorders, and the severity of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease, depression and cognitive impairment. Med Rehabil 2016; 20(2): 13-19.
Vaccines nonspecific – immunostimulation in patients with recurrent respiratory infections
Authors: Paśnik Jarosław
Published: December 2016

Recurrent respiratory tract infections in children are the most common cause of outpatient visits. Due to the necessity
of treatment of chronic, frequent use of antibiotics and the dangers of complications are a major clinical problem. Big
hopes are now with the possibility of the use of immunostimulation as prevention of these infections. The paper discusses
the most important methods of stimulation of the immune system in children. In the light of previous reports
were evaluated effects of this type of therapy.
Survey Evaluating the Practice of Children's Hospitals Having Pharmacist Collaborative Drug Therapy Management Protocols
Authors: Welsh Chelsea , Miah Rukshana , Girotto Jennifer
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to determine how frequently children's hospitals in the United States are using pharmacist-physician collaborative drug therapy management (CDTM), and to characterize their use in this population.

METHODS: A phone survey was created to collect data regarding the use of pharmacist-physician CDTM at children's hospitals. Children's hospitals were called between February 2014 and April 2014. Data were collected from either a clinical pharmacist or pharmacy director. Pharmacists were asked to answer questions regarding hospital demographics as well as to what extent and for which medications they use CDTM. Differences between types of hospitals were evaluated using Fisher exact test.

RESULTS: A total of 171 children's hospitals were identified; 51.5% hospitals (n = 88) completed the survey. Of the 88 hospitals that completed the survey, 32 (31.7%) had some level of CDTM in place. Of the 28 children's hospitals with CDTM in place that completed the survey, all allowed pharmacists to modify doses and monitor therapy, and 75% provided pharmacists with the ability to initiate the first dose. The specific medications that were included in the CDTM protocols in children's hospitals included vancomycin (n = 23), aminoglycosides (n = 22), anticoagulation medications (n = 7), and total parenteral nutrition (n = 3). Training was required for pharmacists to participate in CDTM protocols at most hospitals (n = 26). Lack of support from medical staff was the most common perceived barrier. No differences were identified between types of children's hospitals.

CONCLUSION: CDTM protocols are practiced in about one third of the children's hospitals. Pharmacists commonly initiate, monitor, and modify therapies as part of these protocols. The most frequently included medications were vancomycin and aminoglycosides.
Antenatal Escitalopram Use and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in a Newborn: A Case Report
Authors: Jawale Nilima , Bhutada Alok , Rastogi Shantanu
Published: December 2016

The increased use of antidepressants during pregnancy has been associated with adverse effects in the newborn. We report a case of antenatal escitalopram use associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in a healthy term baby. We further discuss possible mechanisms that may explain this association. With increasing evidence of association of necrotizing enterocolitis with maternal exposure to antidepressants, more studies to find out causality and methods to predict babies at risk and their prudent management are needed.
How a Drug Shortage Contributed to a Medication Error Leading to Baclofen Toxicity in an Infant
Authors: Lau Bonnie , Khazanie Uma , Rowe Emily , Fauman Karen
Published: December 2016

We report the case of a 4-month-old girl who developed encephalopathy, seizures, and respiratory compromise as a result of baclofen toxicity. After some investigation, the accidental ingestion of baclofen was caused by an error in compounding the patient's prescribed omeprazole with baclofen rather than sodium bicarbonate at a retail pharmacy. This error occurred because these two drugs, which were available as powders, were located side by side on the pharmacy shelf. The pharmacist further reported that their normal practice was to use injectable sodium bicarbonate rather than powder to compound an omeprazole suspension; however, the injectable form was not available due to a national shortage. This report demonstrates how a drug shortage contributed to severe clinical consequences and intensive care hospitalization of a patient. It also highlights the need for system improvement to minimize drug shortages.
Leveraging Source Water Protection Programs Through Effective Partnerships
Authors: Walker Laura , Morgan Robert , Stangel Peter
Published: December 2016

Partners in source water protection projects can make a utility's job easier, bringing expertise and sharing program costs and effort.
Workforce Diversity—A Journey Through Inclusion and Diversity in the Workplace
Authors: Carter Elizabeth
Published: December 2016

Working in the private, nonprofit, and public sectors has provided a rich learning environment that has built an appreciation for diversity and the need for inclusion.
Mediação cultural: experiências, percursos e estratégias intelectuais
Authors: Santos Márcia Regina
Published: December 2016

Resenha da obra:GOMES, Angela de Castro; HANSEN, Patricia Santos (Orgs.). Intelectuais Mediadores: práticas culturais e ação política. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2016. 488 p.
Estimation of Diffuse Solar Radiation from Clearness Index for Multan, Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: M. Rashid Tanweer  , Firoz Ahmad  , Zaheer Uddin  , Saif Ur Rehman  , Intikhab Ulfat
Published: December 2016

Empirical correlations have been developed for Multan for the estimation of Diffuse Solar Radiation (DSR) as a function of clearness index (KT). The diffuse solar radiation are also estimated by the relationship as given by Liu and Jorden, Page and Iqbal. All these correlation shows a peak value of diffuse solar radiation for the months of July & August (monsoon months). The diffuse to global (total) radiation ratio is 0.317. The presently developed correlation are fine agreement with the result obtained by earlier models. It is inferred from the result that solar energy has bright prospects as far as its application and utilization is concerned. Empirical correlations have been developed for Multan for the estimation of Diffuse Solar Radiation (DSR) as a function of clearness index (KT). The diffuse solar radiation are also estimated by the relationship as given by Liu and Jorden, Page and Iqbal. All these correlation shows a peak value of diffuse solar radiation for the months of July & August (monsoon months). The diffuse to global (total) radiation ratio is 0.317. The presently developed correlation are fine agreement with the result obtained by earlier models. It is inferred from the result that solar energy has bright prospects as far as its application and utilization is concerned.
Surface Modification of Natural Rubber by Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) Plasma Treatment: A New Approach to Improve Mechanical and Hydrophobic Properties
Authors: Cabrera F.C. , Dognani G. , Santos R.J. dos , Agostini D.L.S. , Cruz N.C. , Job A.E.
Published: December 2016

Plasma treatments have faced growing interest as important strategy to modify the hydrophobic/hydrophilic characteristics of materials. However, challenges related to the plasma modification of polymers are the improvement of the chemical resistance without decreasing the mechanical resistance. In this letter, we present for the first time a plasma treatment, using Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), analogous to vulcanization process, of natural rubber surface, which resulted in a chemical and tension resistance improvements. The natural rubber membranes were coated with glow discharge plasmas generated in sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) atmospheres at a total pressure of 160 mTorr and applying 70 W of radiofrequency. Plasma treatment increases the contact angles from 64° to 125° i.e. leading to a hydrophobic surface. The tension at rupture increased from 3.7 to 6.1 MPa compared to natural rubber without plasma treatment demonstrated by stress-strain investigation. These results provide a fast alternative approach to improve mechanical and chemical properties of rubber-based products.
Den monstrøse materialitet. Om placeringen af 16 middelalderlige latriner fra Aarhus
Authors: Linaa Jette
Published: December 2016

Denne artikel er baseret på en udgravning af middelalderlige latrin- konstruktioner, men den handler hverken om konstruktion eller kostundersøgelser: den handler om hvordan en kosmologi kan fremlæses i et arkæologisk materiale. I artiklen foreslår jeg en mentalt/kosmologisk forankret læsning af en speci k organisering af latrinkonstruktioner i forhold til både matrikelgrænser og de beboelses- og andre huse, der blev konstrueret på matriklerne i det urbane landskab. Jeg ønsker dermed at åbne op for en bredere indsigt i mulige måder at opfatte og begrunde sammen ltringen af mentale forestillinger, materialitet og intentioner i etablingen af en særlig, højmiddelalderlig urban praksis. Dermed søger jeg at begrunde og uddybe den nærmere betydning af konstitueringen af en særlig middelalderlig urban praksis.