bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saracatinib Inhibits Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus Replication In Vitro
Authors: Shin Jin Soo , Jung Eunhye , Kim Meehyein , Baric Ralph S. , Go Yun Young
Published: May 2018

The Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV), first identified in Saudi Arabia, is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes severe acute respiratory illness in humans with a high fatality rate. Since its emergence, MERS-CoV continues to spread to countries outside of the Arabian Peninsula and gives rise to sporadic human infections following the entry of infected individuals to other countries, which can precipitate outbreaks similar to the one that occurred in South Korea in 2015. Current therapeutics against MERS-CoV infection have primarily been adapted from previous drugs used for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome. In search of new potential drug candidates, we screened a library composed of 2334 clinically approved drugs and pharmacologically active compounds. The drug saracatinib, a potent inhibitor of Src-family of tyrosine kinases (SFK), was identified as an inhibitor of MERS-CoV replication in vitro. Our results suggest that saracatinib potently inhibits MERS-CoV at the early stages of the viral life cycle in Huh-7 cells, possibly through the suppression of SFK signaling pathways. Furthermore, saracatinib exhibited a synergistic effect with gemcitabine, an anticancer drug with antiviral activity against several RNA viruses. These data indicate that saracatinib alone or in combination with gemcitabine can provide a new therapeutic option for the treatment of MERS-CoV infection.
Characterization of Hemagglutinin Antigens on Influenza Virus and within Vaccines Using Electron Microscopy
Authors: Gallagher John R. , McCraw Dustin M. , Torian Udana , Gulati Neetu M. , Myers Mallory L. , Conlon Michael T. , Harris Audray K.
Published: May 2018

Influenza viruses affect millions of people worldwide on an annual basis. Although vaccines are available, influenza still causes significant human mortality and morbidity. Vaccines target the major influenza surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA). However, circulating HA subtypes undergo continual variation in their dominant epitopes, requiring vaccines to be updated annually. A goal of next-generation influenza vaccine research is to produce broader protective immunity against the different types, subtypes, and strains of influenza viruses. One emerging strategy is to focus the immune response away from variable epitopes, and instead target the conserved stem region of HA. To increase the display and immunogenicity of the HA stem, nanoparticles are being developed to display epitopes in a controlled spatial arrangement to improve immunogenicity and elicit protective immune responses. Engineering of these nanoparticles requires structure-guided design to optimize the fidelity and valency of antigen presentation. Here, we review electron microscopy applied to study the 3D structures of influenza viruses and different vaccine antigens. Structure-guided information from electron microscopy should be integrated into pipelines for the development of both more efficacious seasonal and universal influenza vaccine antigens. The lessons learned from influenza vaccine electron microscopic research could aid in the development of novel vaccines for other pathogens.
An Interval Quadratic Fuzzy Dependent-Chance Programming Model for Optimal Irrigation Water Allocation under Uncertainty
Authors: Wang Hang , Zhang Chenglong , Guo Ping
Published: May 2018

In this study, an interval quadratic fuzzy dependent-chance programming (IQFDCP) model is proposed for irrigation water management under uncertainty. This model can deal with the interval and fuzzy uncertainties encountered in optimal irrigation water resources allocation problems. It takes optimal credibility level of system revenue as the objective function for addressing the conflict between maximum system revenue and the credibility level of the system revenue. By providing three scenarios of precipitation, the optimal solutions are obtained. The developed model is applied to a case study for irrigation water allocation in Minqin Oasis, Wuwei city, northwest China. This study can help determine how much irrigation water should be allocated to different crops under the maximum credibility level of the system revenue. The optimal solutions can provide a certain credibility level of system revenue corresponding to different scenarios and mitigate the system-failure risk level of water shortages in arid areas. Moreover, because the IQFDCP can objectively reflect the interrelationship among crop irrigation water amount, system revenue, and system-failure risk level, the results are able to provide advices to decision makers for efficiently managing water resources in different scenarios.
The Spatial and Temporal Variability of Groundwater Vulnerability and Human Health Risk in the Limin District, Harbin, China
Authors: Huang Ying , Zuo Rui , Li Jiao , Wu Jin , Zhai Yuanzheng , Teng Yanguo
Published: May 2018

This study aimed to analyze the variations in groundwater quality, vulnerability and potential health risk from 2006 to 2016 in the Limin District, Harbin, China. Groundwater geochemical characteristics were described using statistical analysis and Piper diagrams. A modified DRASTIC model that combined factors of intrinsic aquifer vulnerability and land use was applied to assess groundwater vulnerability. The weights of parameters were adjusted by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to optimize the model. The non-carcinogenic health risk was estimated by the Unites States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) model. Results suggested that concentrations of NH4-N, Fe and Mn in groundwater exceeded the limits both in 2006 and in 2016. The concentration of Fe in the groundwater showed more significant variation between 2006 and 2016 than the other parameters. Very high vulnerability zones increased from 6.3% in 2006 to 16.9% in 2016, and distributed on agricultural land, indicating that agriculture was still a major source of pollution. Mn and NO3-N contributed the most to human health risks in 2006 and 2016, respectively. This study highlights the influence of groundwater quality variation in decadal exploitation on human health.
Monitoring of a Full-Scale Embankment Experiment Regarding Soil–Vegetation–Atmosphere Interactions
Authors: Oorthuis Raül , Hürlimann Marcel , Fraccica Alessandro , Lloret Antonio , Moya José , Puig-Polo Càrol , Vaunat Jean
Published: May 2018

Slope mass-wasting like shallow slides are mostly triggered by climate effects, such as rainfall, and soil–vegetation–atmosphere (SVA) interactions play a key role. SVA interactions are studied by a full-scale embankment with different orientations (North and South) and vegetation covers (bare and vegetated) in the framework of the prediction of climate change effects on slope stability in the Pyrenees. A clayey sand from the Llobregat river delta was used for the construction of the embankment and laboratory tests showed the importance of suction on the strength and hydraulic conductivity. Sixty sensors, which are mostly installed at the upper soil layer of the embankment, registered 122 variables at four vertical profiles and the meteorological station with a 5 min scan rate. Regarding temperature, daily temperature fluctuation at the shallow soil layer disappeared at a depth of about 0.5 m. There was great influence of orientation with much higher values at the South-facing slope (up to 55 °C at −1 cm depth) due to solar radiation. Regarding rainfall infiltration, only long duration rainfalls produced an important increase of soil moisture and pore water pressure, while short duration rainfalls did not trigger significant variations. However, these changes mostly affected the surface soil layer and decreased with depth.
Hydrologic Modeling of Three Sub-Basins in the Kenai River Watershed, Alaska, USA
Authors: Wells Brett , Toniolo Horacio
Published: May 2018

Streams in the Kenai River watershed are characterized by a fish-rich environment. The commercial fishing industry and recreational users compete for the fish in these streams, and resource managers strive to balance both groups’ needs while maintaining the sustainability of the resource. The ability to estimate future river conditions could help preserve the resource and a strong economy on the Kenai Peninsula. This research used the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrological Modeling System, which transforms rainfall to river discharge. The main goal was to define a set of parameters that were calibrated using an event-based condition of concurrent rainfall and discharge data. The model was calibrated and validated in three sub-basins located in different environmental settings (i.e., lowlands, mid, and high elevation).
Correlative electrochemical strain and scanning electron microscopy for local characterization of the solid state electrolyte Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3
Authors: Schön Nino , Gunduz Deniz Cihan , Yu Shicheng , Tempel Hermann , Schierholz Roland , Hausen Florian
Published: May 2018

Correlative microscopy has been used to investigate the relationship between Li-ion conductivity and the microstructure of lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3, LATP) with high spatial resolution. A key to improvement of solid state electrolytes such as LATP is a better understanding of interfacial and ion transport properties on relevant length scales in the nanometer to micrometer range. Using common techniques, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, only global information can be obtained. In this work, we employ multiple microscopy techniques to gain local chemical and structural information paired with local insights into the Li-ion conductivity based on electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) have been applied at identical regions to identify microstructural components such as an AlPO4 secondary phase. We found significantly lower Li-ion mobility in the secondary phase areas as well as at grain boundaries. Additionally, various aspects of signal formation obtained from ESM for solid state electrolytes are discussed. We demonstrate that correlative microscopy is an adjuvant tool to gain local insights into interfacial properties of energy materials.
Evaluation of replicas manufactured in a 3D-printed nanoimprint unit
Authors: Caño-García Manuel , Geday Morten A , Gil-Valverde Manuel , Quintana Xabier , Otón José Manuel
Published: May 2018

Nanoimprint lithography has become a useful tool to prepare elements containing nanoscale features at quite reasonable cost, especially if the fabrication elements are created in the own laboratory. We have designed and fabricated a whole nanoimprint manufacturing system and analyzed the resulting surfaces using ad hoc packages developed on an open-software AFM image analysis suite. To complete the work, a number of polymers have been thoroughly studied in order to select the best material for this implementation. It turned out that the best alternative was not always the same, but depended on the application. A comparative study of the polymers, which takes into account the values and dispersion of numerous sample parameters, has been carried out. As a large number of samples was prepared, an automatized procedure for characterization of nanoimprint surfaces had to be set up. The procedure includes figures of merit for comparative purposes. Materials without the requirement of a solvent were found to be superior for most nanoimprint applications. A large dispersion of the samples was found.
Convolutional Neural Networks for Phytoplankton identification and classification
Authors: Lloret Lara , Heredia Ignacio , Aguilar Fernando , Debusschere Elisabeth , Deneudt Klaas , Hernandez Francisco
Published: May 2018

Phytoplankton form the basis of the marine food web and are an indicator for the overall status of the marine ecosystem. Changes in this community may impact a wide range of species (Capuzzo et al. 2018) ranging from zooplankton and fish to seabirds and marine mammals. Efficient monitoring of the phytoplankton community is therefore essential (Edwards et al. 2002). Traditional monitoring techniques are highly time intensive and involve taxonomists identifying and counting numerous specimens under the light microscope. With the recent development of automated sampling devices, image analysis technologies and learning algorithms, the rate of counting and identification of phytoplankton can be increased significantly (Thyssen et al. 2015). The FlowCAM (Álvarez et al. 2013) is an imaging particle analysis system for the identification and classification of phytoplankton. Within the Belgian Lifewatch observatory, monthly phytoplankton samples are taken at nine stations in the Belgian part of the North Sea. These samples are run through the FlowCAM and each particle is photographed. Next, the particles are identified based on their morphology (and fluorescence) using state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for computer vision. This procedure requires learning sets of expert validated images. The CNNs are specifically designed to take advantage of the two dimensional structure of these images by finding local patterns, being easier to train and having many fewer parameters than a fully connected network with the same number of hidden units.

In this work we present our approach to the use of CNNs for the identification and classification of phytoplankton, testing it on several benchmarks and comparing with previous classification techniques. The network architecture used is ResNet50 (He et al. 2016). The framework is fully written in Python using the TensorFlow (Abadi, M. et al. 2016) module for Deep Learning.

Deployment and exploitation of the current framework is supported by the recently started European Union Horizon 2020 programme funded project DEEP-Hybrid-Datacloud (Grant Agreement number 777435), which supports the expensive training of the system needed to develop the application and provides the necessary computational resources to the users.
La armada a Indias de Peralonso Niño en 1496
Authors: Robles Macías Luis A.
Published: May 2018

En junio de 1496 partió de Cádiz una armada de tres naves comandada por Peralonso Niño con provisiones para la incipiente población castellana de La Española. El análisis de pasajes inéditos de documentos de archivo revela detalles desconocidos de esta expedición. Estos datos sientan las bases para un estudio futuro de la hipótesis de que Amerigo Vespucci viajase por vez primera al Nuevo Mundo a bordo de alguna de las tres naves de Niño.
La composición social del Ejército del Centro, primer baluarte de la causa realista (1810-1812)
Authors: Benavides Martínez Juan José
Published: May 2018

El 16 de septiembre de 1810 estalló en Dolores una rebelión liderada por el cura Hidalgo e Ignacio Allende. El brigadier Félix Calleja, comandante militar de San Luis Potosí, formó un contingente de casi tres mil hombres, al que a finales de octubre se unió otro de tamaño similar procedente de México y Puebla al mando de Manuel de Flon, intendente de Puebla. Así se formó el Ejército del Centro que, con unos seis mil hombres, fue la primera fuerza que derrotó a los insurgentes. El análisis de este ejército aporta un mayor conocimiento de la respuesta de las autoridades frente a la insurgencia.
Contribución de guerra y negociaciones: la política fiscal del virrey La Serna en Lima (1821)
Authors: De Haro Romero Dionisio , Moreno Cebrián Alfredo
Published: May 2018

El artículo analiza la recepción en el Perú del ideario fiscal de la Constitución de Cádiz por parte del gobierno político-militar del virrey La Serna. El trabajo pretende mostrar el caso que lo ejemplifica, la aprobación de una contribución extraordinaria de guerra, cuyo monto debía distribuirse, tras la elaboración de los correspondientes padrones, en función de la capacidad económica de los contribuyentes, y no en repartimientos sujetos a corporaciones y gremios. La falta de sintonía entre el Ayuntamiento constitucional y el virrey acabó por precipitar al fracaso las negociaciones y certificó la voluntad del gobierno en la búsqueda de nuevas bases sobre las que sostener el esfuerzo bélico.
Médicos, administradores y curanderos. Tensiones y conflictos al interior del arte de curar diplomado en la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina (1861-1902)
Authors: Allevi José Ignacio , Carbonetti Adrián Carlos Alfredo , María Sedrán Paula
Published: May 2018

El trabajo analiza una serie de recursos administrativos presentados ante las autoridades de la provincia de Santa Fe bien por los médicos diplomados para denunciar el ejercicio ilegal
de la medicina —curanderismo—, bien por los vecinos para solicitar se autoricen este tipo de prácticas no permitidas. Nos interesa tensionar el proceso de medicalización social mostrando la pervivencia y legitimidad de ciertas prácticas sustentadas en saberes «populares», así como la incertidumbre de los saberes biomédicos. Por otra parte, discutiremos el proceso de profesionalización de los médicos como expertos «únicos» en la prestación de servicios de salud, al mostrar que las prácticas «alternativas» de curar eran en verdad la norma de los ciudadanos.
Ernesto La Padula en Córdoba: peronismo y ciudad, 1946-1955
Authors: Sebastián Malecki Juan
Published: May 2018

En Córdoba, durante el decenio peronista (1946-1955) se llevaron adelante una serie de emprendimientos urbano-arquitectónicos que, en conjunto, implicaron una importante modernización de la estructura social y urbana de la ciudad, cuyo impacto se prolongaría hasta la década del setenta. Para analizar las políticas urbanas implementadas, nos centraremos en la trayectoria del italiano Ernesto La Padula y en el Plan Regulador de su autoría, lo que nos permitirá establecer los contextos que las posibilitaron, así como indagar en los debates disciplinares del urbanismo y la arquitectura de las que se nutrieron.
Engineering Education in an Integrated Setting
Authors: Wood Richard , McGlashan Alexander , Moon Chang Bum , Kim Woo Young
Published: May 2018

This paper serves to give brief overviews of key issues in five case studies in engineering technology stand-alone project based courses within a standard scholastic framework. The courses were offered in a range of scenarios with significant international student participation. The subject material focused on optics, opto-electronics and electronics. Topics covered in this work include; issues with managing scope, issues with adapting to open ended problem solving, and, confusion between method based teaching and guided projects. The main purpose of this paper is to share findings on preparing and delivering project based courses that are developed within a pre-existing system of courses and with a pre-existing limit of facilities.
Interdisciplinary STEM through Engineering Design-based Reasoning
Authors: Mayes Robert , Gallant Bryon , Fettes Emma
Published: May 2018

Interdisciplinary STEM programs are in demand for United States middle schools (ages 11 to 13 years) and high schools (ages 14 to 18). The Real STEM Project collaborated with 12 schools to develop and implement such programs. We open with a description of the project, including the 21st century STEM reasoning abilities that were proposed as learning outcomes for the STEM programs. We then focus on one of the five reasoning abilities, engineering design-based reasoning, since engineering often serves as a driver for STEM programs. An exemplar of engineering design as a driver for STEM from one of the participating teacher’s classrooms is provided, and a summary of teaching practices supporting interdisciplinary STEM is drawn from the example.
Online Learning Facilities to Support Coding and Robotics Courses for Youth
Authors: Demertzi Eleftheria , Voukelatos Nikitas , Papagerasimou Yannis , Drigas Athanasios S.
Published: May 2018

Nowadays programming and computational skills are of great importance in working and social life. Knowing how to code is empowering. It allows to understand the digital world we live in and to shape it. Basic coding skills are essential for accessing the jobs of today and tomorrow and for achieving a better skills-match between education and the labor market. This paper presents a European Project entitled “Coding and Youth: An innovative program in the digital era” (Code@Youth), which attempted to utilize constructively the long period of summer vacations in European countries in order to introduce students to the world of programming and robotics by offering hybrid learning activities in parallel with on-line learning facilities. The main purpose of this program was to plan, implement and evaluate these activities for young people, through the on-line platform, in order to lead to the acquisition, recognition and validation of computational skills obtained through non-formal learning.
Primary sternal tuberculosis mimicking a lytic bone tumor lesion
Authors: CalabrÃ² Elisa , Pastorino Ugo
Published: May 2018

Tubercular sternal osteomyelitis is a rare manifestation of tuberculosis. We describe the case of a 51-years-old male patient, presenting with three months history of pain and swelling of the central chest wall, referred to our hospital with clinical diagnosis of chondrosarcoma of the sternum.
A proposed conceptualization of therapeutic competence: the three level model
Authors: Koddebusch Christine , Hermann Christiane
Published: May 2018

A model of therapeutic competence that equally satisfies the requirements of practice and research is still lacking. The existing models are not widely accepted, at least partially because the postulated competences can often not be operationalized in a satisfactory manner. Yet, in order to be measurable, therapeutic competences need to be operationalized. We present the Three Level Model of Therapeutic Competence as a working model for studying therapeutic competence. The model proposes that therapeutic competence develops based on rather stable individual Dispositions, which promote the acquisition of therapeutic competences. We further distinguish between Basic Competences, which are mostly independent of the theoretical orientation of the therapeutic approach, and Specific Competences, which are defined based on the theoretical underpinnings of a therapeutic orientation (e.g. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy). We describe this model and outline how it can be used to operationalize and assess therapeutic competence.
Alexithymia and emotional processing: a longitudinal mixed methods research
Authors: Da Silva Ana Nunes , Vasco Antònio Branco , Watson Jeanne C.
Published: May 2018

Alexithymia has been associated with poor outcomes in psychotherapy. This association has been attributed to a difficulty in patients processing emotions and engaging in emotional tasks. The possibility of alexithymia being modified by psychotherapy remains a topic of great debate but with little empirical research. In this study a mixed methods longitudinal design was used to better understand alexithymia, emotional processing and change process in psychotherapy. Twelve clients, five with alexithymia, were studied considering the development of alexithymia, emotional awareness, differentiation, regulation and severity of symptoms. The reliable change index was used to interpret the evolution of those emotional variables' scores for each case and thematic analysis was used to analyze individual interviews. Thematic analysis generated several themes, organized in two broad domains: i) perception of emotions and ii) description of change. The three alexithymic patients that changed in alexithymia also changed in at least one of the emotional variables â€“ lack of emotional awareness, emotion differentiation or emotion regulation. Generally, alexithymic patients were able to accomplish change in psychotherapy although they had a tendency to focus on physical complaints, describe changes in a more rational rather than emotional way and present vaguer descriptions of their problems. These results point that alexithymia may change through therapy and reinforces that those changes are associated with improved emotional processing.
ERRATUM: Metacognition, borderline pathology and psychotherapeutic change: a single-case study
Authors: Perrella Raffaella , Semerari Antonio , Scafuto Francesca , Caviglia Giorgio
Published: May 2018

Not available.
The Wedge-of-the-edge Theorem: Edge-of-the-wedge Type Phenomenon Within the Common Real Boundary
Authors: Pascoe J. E.
Published: May 2018

The edge-of-the-wedge theorem in several complex variables gives the analytic continuation of functions defined on the poly upper half plane and the poly lower half plane, the set of points in
$\mathbb{C}^{n}$
with all coordinates in the upper and lower half planes respectively, through a set in real space,
$\mathbb{R}^{n}$
. The geometry of the set in the real space can force the function to analytically continue within the boundary itself, which is qualified in our wedge-of-the-edge theorem. For example, if a function extends to the union of two cubes in
$\mathbb{R}^{n}$
that are positively oriented with some small overlap, the functions must analytically continue to a neighborhood of that overlap of a fixed size not depending of the size of the overlap.
Accessibility, Martin boundary and minimal thinness for Feller processes in metric measure spaces
Authors: Kim Panki , Song Renming , Vondraček Zoran
Published: May 2018

In this paper we study the Martin boundary at infinity for a large class of purely discontinuous Feller processes in metric measure spaces. We show that if

\infty

is accessible from an open set

D

, then there is only one Martin boundary point of

D

associated with it, and this point is minimal. We also prove the analogous result for finite boundary points. As a consequence, we show that minimal thinness of a set is a local property.
Riesgos y oportunidades para la libertad de expresión en la era post primavera árabe. Periodistas premiados por Index on Censorship
Authors: Sandoval-Martín Teresa , Nachawati-Rego Leila
Published: May 2018

El presente estudio se centra en la labor de periodistas y medios en pro de la libertad de expresión y en contra de la censura en un escenario post primavera árabe. Metodología: Se examinan sus declaraciones en los premios Index on Censorship, y las posibilidades reales del ciberespacio para visibilizar tanto sus denuncias de gobiernos opresores, corruptos o con regímenes democráticos deficientes en este derecho, como con el fin de captar así la atención internacional. Resultados y conclusiones: En climas muy poco favorables para el ejercicio de la profesión, los periodistas se están convirtiendo en activistas. En el ciberespacio utilizan el recurso de la atención y amplifican el alcance del mensaje. Los documentales por televisión e internet juegan un gran papel en la difusión internacional. Se cuestiona el beneficio que pueda tener para los ciudadanos la calidad de la información en las redes sociales.
О существовании слов над двухбуквенным алфавитом, не содержащих квадратов с ошибками замещения
Authors: Kotlyarov Nikita Vladimirovich
Published: May 2018

Изучаются вопросы, связанные с существованием периодических структур в словах из формальных языков. В качестве периодических структур рассматриваются квадраты, т. е. фрагменты вида $xx$, где $x$ - произвольное слово, и $\Delta$-квадраты, т. е. фрагменты вида $xy$, где слово $x$ отличается от слова $y$ не более чем $\Delta$ буквами. Показано существование сколь угодно длинных слов над двухбуквенным алфавитом, не содержащих $\Delta$-квадратов с длиной больше $4\Delta+4$. В частности, указан способ построения таких слов для любого $\Delta$.
Улучшенные асимптотические оценки для числа корреляционно-иммунных и $k$-эластичных двоичных вектор-функций
Authors: Pankov Konstantin Nikolaevich
Published: May 2018

Уточнены локальные предельные теоремы для распределения части вектора весов подфункций и для распределения части вектора спектральных коэффициентов линейных комбинаций координатных функций случайного двоичного отображения. С помощью этих теорем найдены улучшенные асимптотические оценки для числа корреляционно-иммунных и $k$-эластичных двоичных вектор-функций.
Докритический разложимый ветвящийся процесс в смешанной среде
Authors: Dyakonova Elena Evgen'evna
Published: May 2018

Рассматривается разложимый ветвящийся процесс Гальтона-Ватсона с двумя типами частиц, в котором частицы первого типа производят в конце жизни как потомков первого типа, так и потомков второго типа, а частицы второго типа порождают в момент гибели лишь потомков своего типа. Размножение частиц первого типа задается случайной средой, а закон размножения частиц второго типа один и тот же для всех поколений. Доказана предельная теорема, описывающая условное распределение числа частиц в процессе в моменты времени $nt,t\in (0,1]$, в предположении, что процесс не выродился к моменту времени $n\rightarrow \infty$.
Аналоги теорем Глускина - Хоссу и Малышева для случая cильно зависимых $n$-арных операций
Authors: Cheremushkin Aleksandr Vasil'evich
Published: May 2018

В работе доказываются аналоги теорем Глускина - Хоссу о строении $n$-групп и Малышева о строении $n$-квазигрупп с условием слабой обратимости справа и слева применительно к случаю сильно зависимых операций на конечном множестве.
Конечные алгебры бернуллиевских распределений
Authors: Yashunskii Aleksei Dmitrievich
Published: May 2018

Рассматриваются множества бернуллиевских распределений, замкнутые относительно подстановки независимых случайных величин в булевы функции из некоторого заданного множества (алгебры бернуллиевских распределений). В работе приведено описание всех конечных алгебр бернуллиевских распределений.
Семейства квазигрупповых операций, связанных обобщенным тождеством дистрибутивности
Authors: Polin Sergei Vladimirovich
Published: May 2018

В предыдущей работе автор исследовал системы уравнений над некоторым семейством $\mathcal S$ квазигрупп. В ней предложен способ исключения из системы уравнений крайнего неизвестного и показано, что для исключения последующих неизвестных необходимо, чтобы семейство $\mathcal S$ квазигрупп удовлетворяло обобщенному тождеству дистрибутивности (ОТД). В настоящей работе мы опишем семейства $\mathcal S$, удовлетворяющие ОТД. Результаты будут применяться для построения классов просто решаемых систем уравнений.
The Effects of Nanoparticles on the Specific Heat Capacity of Molten Salts
Authors: Foldi Alexander , Nguyen Duy Khang Simba , Yap Yeong Cherng
Published: May 2018

The desire to increase the efficiency of existing renewable energy sources has been thoroughly researched over the past years. This meta study aimed to investigate existing methods used by previous researchers to increase the Specific Heat Capacity of Molten Salt used for Concentrated Solar Power Plants. Investigations into nanoparticles were explored because of the effect of particle size and concentration can potentially increase the specific heat capacity of the molten salt. Numerous nanoparticles have shown to improve the thermal properties such as Silica (SiO2), Alumina (Al2O3), Titania (TiO2). Our summation was that the addition of nanoparticles into Molten Salts shows an increase in desired thermal properties of the Molten Salts. An efficiency increase of up to 28% was noted in the SHC (Cp) of the Molten Salts when Nanoparticles of 60nm were introduced.
Optimisation Principles for Photovoltaic/Thermal Hybrid Solar Systems, a Meta Study
Authors: Shin Richard , Salcedo Jose Regis , Wang Cheng Min
Published: May 2018

Photovoltaic/Thermal hybrid (PVT) systems have shown promise as a viable commercial and private source of renewable energy. The purpose of this meta study is to combine contemporary research findings in the area of Photovoltaic (PV) and Photovoltaic/Thermal Hybrid solar systems and attempt to offer general optimisation principles for future PVT devices. Design parameters with which we attempt to optimise through will include PV material choice, CPC inclusion and system temperature optimisation for operational lifetime gain and power yield. It was found that we can combine CPC, closed glass design, spiral web flow and m>0.003kg/s to optimise the c-SI based systems and obtain an overall PVT efficiency gain of 5.5±1.6%, and that mass flow rates exceeding 0.003 kg/s can increase longevity by 80% on average and increase electrical efficiency by 1.2% when compared to conservative lower mass flow rates. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon systems were also deemed to create less high-quality energy and overshooting required thermal needs when using personal/private power statistics as selection criteria.
Analysis of Thermodynamic Properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin-Film Solar Cells for Viable Space Application
Authors: Clarke Declan , Breguel Rodrigo
Published: May 2018

The use of thin film solar cells for power generation when colonizing space stations is an interesting idea. Resisting harsh space environments and low power to mass ratio shows potential for the future application of thin film solar cell in future space application such as roll able solar blankets. Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cell are analyzed to determine their viability in space focusing on two modular aspects of emissivity and buffer lays. Findings and calculations showed how temperature affects the efficiency of solar cells and it could also be found how increasing their emissivity with different kinds of coatings can offset the loss in efficiency. Through the study of buffers, it was found that lower band gaps reduce the quantum efficiency of a solar cell. Therefore, ZnS with an energy band gap of 3.5eV will have the least amount of spectral absorption of higher wavelengths.
Impact of Nanofluids and Specific Frequency Absorbers in Parabolic Trough Collector Solar Furnaces
Authors: Geehan Genevieve , Ritika Ritika , Winchester Coen
Published: May 2018

This meta-study aims to identify methods of optimising the efficiency of upcoming parabolic trough collector (PTC) solar furnace technology by analysing thermodynamic properties of both solar absorbers: SiC, Pyromark 2500, Polychromic Al-AlN and C54-TiSi2 nanoparticles; and heat transfer nanofluids: SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Cu and Al2O3-Cu with a 50:50 ratio. The thermodynamic properties investigated are energy absorbance and emittance, melting point, thermal conductivity and viscosity. Our study revealed that the optimal transfer fluid is the hybrid nanofluid Al2O3-Cu with a 50:50 ratio and a 1-2% volume fraction in an ethylene glycol base. The optimal solar absorber for use in combination with this nanofluid was found to be polychromic Al-AlN cerment absorber.
Editorial
Authors: Schulte Jurgen
Published: May 2018

PAM Review is the peer-reviewed student research journal of the School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences at the University of Technology Sydney. It was born out of the desire to create a practical student centered, authentic learning experience in a highly theoretical course that is exciting and challenging and facilitates to promote the desired graduate attributes.
Mapping users' expectations regarding extended-range forecasts
Authors: Ervasti Tiina , Gregow Hilppa , Vajda Andrea , Laurila Terhi K. , Mäkelä Antti
Published: May 2018

Abstract. An online survey was used to map the needs and preferences of the Finnish
general public concerning extended-range forecasts and their presentation.
First analyses of the survey were used to guide the co-design process of
novel extended-range forecasts to be developed and tested during the project.
In addition, the survey was used to engage the respondents from the general
public to participate in a one year piloting phase that started in June 2017.
The respondents considered that the tailored extended-range forecasts would
be beneficial in planning activities, preparing for the weather risks and
scheduling the everyday life. The respondents also perceived the information
about the impacts of weather conditions more important than advice on how to
prepare for the impacts.
Spatiotemporal transformation of dissolved organic matter along an alpine stream flowpath on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: importance of source and permafrost degradation
Authors: Wang Yinghui , Spencer Robert G. M. , Podgorski David , Kellerman Anne , Rashid Harunur , Zito Phoebe , Xiao Wenjie , Wei Dandan , Yang Yuanhe , Xu Yunping
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) accounts for approximately 70 % of global alpine permafrost and is an area sensitive to climate change. The thawing and mobilization of ice and organic carbon-rich permafrost impact hydrologic conditions and biogeochemical processes on the QTP. Despite numerous studies of Arctic permafrost, there are no reports to date for the molecular-level in-stream processing of permafrost-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the QTP. In this study, we examine temporal and spatial changes of chemical composition of DOM and 14C age of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) along an alpine stream (3850–3207 m above sea level) by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and UV-visible spectroscopy. Compared to downstream sites, the DOM at the headstream exhibited older radiocarbon (14C-DOC) age, higher mean molecular weight, higher aromaticity and fewer polyunsaturated components. At the molecular level, 6409 and 1345 formulas were identified as unique to the active layer (AL) leachate and permafrost layer (PL) leachate, respectively. Comparing permafrost leachates to the downstream site, 59 % of AL-specific formulas and 90 % of PL-specific formulas were degraded, likely a result of rapid instream degradation of permafrost-derived DOM. From peak discharge in the summer to low flow in late autumn, the DOC concentration at the headstream site decreased from 13.9 to 10.2 mg/L, while the 14C-DOC age increased from 745 to 1560 years before present (BP), reflecting an increase in relative contribution of deep permafrost carbon due to the effect of changing hydrological conditions over the course of the summer on DOM source (AL vs. PL). Our study thus demonstrates that hydrological conditions impact the mobilization of permafrost carbon in an alpine fluvial network, the signature of which is quickly lost through in-stream metabolism.
Biogenic silica production and diatom dynamics in the Svalbard region during spring
Authors: Krause Jeffrey W. , Duarte Carlos M. , Marquez Israel A. , Assmy Philipp , Fernández-Méndez Mar , Wiedmann Ingrid , Wassmann Paul , Kristiansen Svein , Agustí Susana
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Diatoms are generally the dominant contributors to the Arctic Ocean spring bloom, which is a key event in regional food webs in terms of capacity for secondary production and organic matter export. Dissolved silicic acid is an obligate nutrient for diatoms and has been declining in the European Arctic. The lack of regional silicon cycling information precludes understanding the consequences of such changes for diatom productivity during the Arctic spring bloom. This study communicates the results from a cruise in the European Arctic around Svalbard reporting the first concurrent data on biogenic silica production and export, diatom cellular export, the degree of kinetic limitation by ambient silicic acid, and diatom contribution to primary production. Regional biogenic silica production rates were significantly lower than those achievable in the Southern Ocean and silicic acid concentration limited the biogenic silica production rate in 95 % of samples. Compared to diatoms in the Atlantic subtropical gyre, regional diatoms are less adapted for silicic acid uptake at low substrate, and at some stations during the present study, silicon limitation may have been intense enough to limit diatom growth. Thus, silicic acid can play a critical role in diatom spring bloom dynamics. Diatom contribution to primary production was variable, ranging from
The distinct roles of two intertidal foraminiferal species in phytodetrital carbon and nitrogen fluxes – results from laboratory feeding experiments
Authors: Wukovits Julia , Oberrauch Max , Enge Annekatrin J. , Heinz Petra
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Benthic foraminifera play a major role as primary consumers and detrivores redistributing organic carbon and nitrogen in intertidal environments. Here we compared the differences of phytodetrital carbon and nitrogen intake and turnover of two dominant intertidal foraminifera, Ammonia tepida and Haynesina germanica. Their lifestyles in relation to feeding behaviour (feeding preferences, intake and turnover of phytodetrital carbon and nitrogen) and temperature adaptations were compared to obtain a closer definition of their specific roles in intertidal organic matter processing. For this comparison, we carried out a series of short-term laboratory incubations with stable isotope labelled (13C & 15N) detritus as food source. We compared the response of the two species to diatom detritus at three different temperatures (15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C). The quite low metabolic nitrogen turnover in H. germanica was higher than the carbon turnover, and in contrast to the latter, not affected by temperature. This might be related with the chloroplast husbandry in this species and lower demands of food derived nitrogen sources. In contrast, A. tepida showed a very high, temperature-influenced intake and turnover rates with more excessive carbon turnover. Further, the latter species prefers a soft chlorophyte food source over diatom detritus, which is harder to break down. In conclusion, H. germanica is a highly specialized species with low rates of carbon and nitrogen budgeting. In contrast, A. tepida shows a generalist behaviour that links with high fluxes of organic matter (OM). Due to its high rates of OM processing and abundances, we conclude that A. tepida is an important key-player in intertidal carbon and nitrogen turnover, specifically in the short-term processing of OM and the mediation of dissolved nutrients to associated microbes and primary producers.
The biomass burning contribution to climate–carbon-cycle feedback
Authors: Harrison Sandy P. , Bartlein Patrick J. , Brovkin Victor , Houweling Sander , Kloster Silvia , Prentice I. Colin
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Temperature exerts strong controls on the incidence and severity of fire. All else equal, warming is expected to increase fire-related carbon emissions, and thereby atmospheric CO2. But the magnitude of this feedback is very poorly known. We use a single-box model of the land biosphere to quantify this positive feedback from satellite-based estimates of biomass burning emissions for 2000–2014 CE and from sedimentary charcoal records for the millennium before the industrial period. We derive an estimate of the centennial-scale feedback strength of 6.5 ± 3.4 ppm CO2 per degree of land temperature increase, based on the satellite data. However, this estimate is poorly constrained, and is largely driven by the well-documented dependence of tropical deforestation and peat fires (primarily anthropogenic) on climate variability patterns linked to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Palaeo-data from pre-industrial times provide the opportunity to assess the fire-related climate–carbon-cycle feedback over a longer period, with less pervasive human impacts. Past biomass burning can be quantified based on variations in either the concentration and isotopic composition of methane in ice cores (with assumptions about the isotopic signatures of different methane sources) or the abundances of charcoal preserved in sediments, which reflect landscape-scale changes in burnt biomass. These two data sources are shown here to be coherent with one another. The more numerous data from sedimentary charcoal, expressed as normalized anomalies (fractional deviations from the long-term mean), are then used – together with an estimate of mean biomass burning derived from methane isotope data – to infer a feedback strength of 5.6 ± 3.2 ppm CO2 per degree of land temperature and (for a climate sensitivity of 2.8 K) a gain of 0.09 ± 0.05. This finding indicates that the positive carbon cycle feedback from increased fire provides a substantial contribution to the overall climate–carbon-cycle feedback on centennial timescales. Although the feedback estimates from palaeo- and satellite-era data are in agreement, this is likely fortuitous because of the pervasive influence of human activities on fire regimes during recent decades.
LEARNED COMPACT LOCAL FEATURE DESCRIPTOR FOR TLS-BASED GEODETIC MONITORING OF NATURAL OUTDOOR SCENES
Authors: Gojcic Z. , Zhou C. , Wieser A.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The advantages of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) for geodetic monitoring of man-made and natural objects are not yet fully exploited. Herein we address one of the open challenges by proposing feature-based methods for identification of corresponding points in point clouds of two or more epochs. We propose a learned compact feature descriptor tailored for point clouds of natural outdoor scenes obtained using TLS. We evaluate our method both on a benchmark data set and on a specially acquired outdoor dataset resembling a simplified monitoring scenario where we successfully estimate 3D displacement vectors of a rock that has been displaced between the scans. We show that the proposed descriptor has the capacity to generalize to unseen data and achieves state-of-the-art performance while being time efficient at the matching step due the low dimension.
FULLY CONVOLUTIONAL NETWORKS FOR GROUND CLASSIFICATION FROM LIDAR POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Rizaldy A. , Persello C. , Gevaert C. M. , Oude Elberink S. J.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Deep Learning has been massively used for image classification in recent years. The use of deep learning for ground classification from LIDAR point clouds has also been recently studied. However, point clouds need to be converted into an image in order to use Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). In state-of-the-art techniques, this conversion is slow because each point is converted into a separate image. This approach leads to highly redundant computation during conversion and classification. The goal of this study is to design a more efficient data conversion and ground classification. This goal is achieved by first converting the whole point cloud into a single image. The classification is then performed by a Fully Convolutional Network (FCN), a modified version of CNN designed for pixel-wise image classification. The proposed method is significantly faster than state-of-the-art techniques. On the ISPRS Filter Test dataset, it is 78 times faster for conversion and 16 times faster for classification. Our experimental analysis on the same dataset shows that the proposed method results in 5.22 % of total error, 4.10 % of type I error, and 15.07 % of type II error. Compared to the previous CNN-based technique and LAStools software, the proposed method reduces the total error and type I error (while type II error is slightly higher). The method was also tested on a very high point density LIDAR point clouds resulting in 4.02 % of total error, 2.15 % of type I error and 6.14 % of type II error.