bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic pollen recognition with the Rapid-E particle counter: the first-level procedure, experience and next steps
Authors: Šaulienė Ingrida , Šukienė Laura , Daunys Gintautas , Valiulis Gediminas , Vaitkevičius Lukas , Matavulj Predrag , Brdar Sanja , Panic Marko , Sikoparija Branko , Clot Bernard , Crouzy Benoît , Sofiev Mikhail
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Pollen-induced allergy is among the most-prevalent non-contagious diseases, with about a quarter of European population sensitive to various atmospheric bioaerosols. In most European countries, pollen information is based on a weekly-cycle Hirst-type pollen trap method. This method is labour-intensive, requires narrow specialization abilities and substantial time, so that the pollen data are always delayed, subject to sampling- and counting-related uncertainties. Emerging new approaches to automatic pollen monitoring can, in principle, allow for real-time availability of the data with no human involvement. The goal of the current paper is to evaluate the capabilities of the new Plair Rapid-E pollen monitor and to construct the first-level pollen recognition algorithm. The evaluation was performed for three devices located in Lithuania, Serbia and Switzerland, with independent calibration data and classification algorithms. The Rapid-E output data include multi-angle scattering images and the fluorescence spectra recorded at several times for each particle reaching the device. Both modalities of the Rapid-E output were treated with artificial neural networks (ANN) and the results were combined to obtain the pollen type. For the first classification experiment, the monitor was challenged with a large variety of pollen types and the quality of many-to-many classification was evaluated. It was shown that in this case, both scattering- and fluorescence- based recognition algorithms fall short of acceptable quality. The combinations of these algorithms performed better exceeding 80 % accuracy for 5 out of 11 species. Fluorescence spectra showed similarities among different species ending up with three well-resolved groups: (Alnus, Corylus, Betula and Quercus), (Salix and Populus), and (Festuca, Artemisia, Juniperus). Within these groups, pollen is practically non-distinguishable for the first-level recognition procedure. Construction of multi-steps algorithms with sequential discrimination of pollen inside each group seems to be one of possible ways forwards. In order to connect the classification experiment to existing technology, a short comparison with the Hirst measurements is presented and an issue of the false-positive pollen detections by Rapid-E is discussed.
Evanescent acoustic-gravity modes in the isothermal atmosphere: systematization, applications to the earth's and solar atmospheres
Authors: Cheremnykh Oleg K. , Fedorenko Alla K. , Kryuchkov Evgen I. , Selivanov Yuriy A.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The objects of research in this work are evanescent wave modes in a gravitationally stratified atmosphere and their associated pseudo-modes. Whereas the former, according to the dispersion relation, rapidly decrease with distance from a certain surface, the latter, having the same dispersion law, differ from the first by the form of polarization and the character of its decreasing away from the surface. Within a linear hydrodynamic model, the propagation features of evanescent wave modes in an isothermal atmosphere are studied. Research carried out for different assumptions about the properties of the medium. On this way, a new wave mode – anelastic evanescent wave mode – was discovered. Also, the possibility of the existence of a pseudo-mode related to it is indicated. The case of two isothermal media differing in temperature at the interface is studied in detail. It is shown that a non-divergent pseudo-mode with the dispersion of solar f-mode type can be realized on the interface for the specified horizontal scale. The newly discovered dispersion relation, at the interface of two media, is satisfied by the wave mode, which has different types of amplitude versus height dependencies at different horizontal scales. The applicability of the obtained results to clarify the properties of f-mode observed on the Sun is analyzed.
Characterizing organic matter composition in small Low and High Arctic catchments using terrestrial colored dissolved organic matter (cDOM)
Authors: Coch Caroline , Juhls Bennet , Lamoureux Scott F. , Lafrenière Melissa , Fritz Michael , Heim Birgit , Lantuit Hugues
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Climate change is an important control of carbon cycling, particularly in the Arctic. Permafrost degradation through deeper thaw and physical disturbances result in the release of carbon dioxide and methane to the atmosphere and to an increase in riverine dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluxes. Whereas riverine DOM fluxes of the large Arctic rivers are well assessed, knowledge is limited with regard to small catchments that cover more than 40 % of the Arctic drainage basin. Here, we use absorption measurements to characterize changes in DOM quantity and quality in a Low Arctic (Herschel Island, Yukon, Canada) and a High Arctic (Cape Bounty, Melville Island, Nunavut, Canada) setting with regard to geographical differences, impacts of permafrost degradation and rainfall events. We find that DOM quantity and quality is controlled by differences in vegetation cover and soil organic carbon content. The Low Arctic site has higher SOCC and greater abundance of plant material introducing higher lignin concentrations into the aquatic system and resulting in a stronger color of DOM than in the High Arctic. There is a strong relationship between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and absorption characteristics (cDOM) for surface waters at both sites similar to the one for the great Arctic rivers. We used the optical characteristics of DOM such as cDOM absorption, Specific UltraViolet Absorbance SUVA, UltraViolet UV Slope, Slope Ratio for assessing quality changes downstream, at baseflow and stormflow conditions and in relation to permafrost disturbance. DOM in streams at both sites demonstrated optical signatures indicative of photodegradation downstream processes, even over short distances of 2000 m. It was determined that flow pathways and the connected hydrological residence time control DOM quality. Deeper flow pathways allow the export of permafrost-derived DOM, whereas shallow pathways with shorter residence times lead to the export of fresh near-surface derived DOM. Compared to the large Arctic rivers, DOM quality exported from the small catchments studied here is much fresher and therefore prone to degradation. This work shows that optical properties of DOM will be a useful tool for understanding DOM sources and quality at a pan-Arctic scale.
Data rescue of daily climate station-based observations across Europe
Authors: Coll Joan Ramon , van der Schrier Gerard , Aguilar Enric , Rasol Dubravka , Coscarelli Roberto , Bishop Andrés
Published: January 2019

Abstract. In the framework of the project Integrated approach for the development across Europe of user oriented climate indicators for GFCS high-priority sectors: agriculture, disaster risk reduction, energy, health, water and tourism (INDECIS 2017–2020), around 610K climate station-based observations were rescued over European regions for the main climate variables (maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall, sunshine duration and snow depth) along the 20th century at daily scale. Rescued data will constitute, together with other gathered regional datasets, the INDECIS-Raw-Dataset, which will expand current European data coverage contained in the European Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D). An extensive examination of the ECA&D dataset was conducted to find spatial-temporal data gaps or stations with low percentage of daily data as prior candidates for data recovery in European regions. This exercise led us to focus our efforts on the Central European region and the Balkans. Digitizing was carried out by using a rigorous key as you see method, meaning that the digitizers type the values provided by data images, rather than using any coding system. Digitizers carefully cross-checked the typed values against original sources for the 10th, 20th and 30th day of each month to make sure that no days were skipped or repeated during the digitizing process. Monthly totals and statistical summaries were computed from transcribed data and were compared with monthly totals and summaries provided by data sources to check accuracy as preliminary quality control. The digitizing method and the quality control of the digitizing process applied in this study ensured an accurate data transcription according to the obtained statistics. The daily dataset rescued in this study across Europe is available at: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.896957
Description and evaluation of NorESM1-F: a fast version of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM)
Authors: Guo Chuncheng , Bentsen Mats , Bethke Ingo , Ilicak Mehmet , Tjiputra Jerry , Toniazzo Thomas , Schwinger Jörg , Otterå Odd Helge
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A new computationally efficient version of the Norwegian Earth System Model
(NorESM) is presented. This new version (here termed NorESM1-F) runs about
2.5 times faster (e.g., 90 model years per day on current hardware) than the
version that contributed to the fifth phase of the Coupled Model
Intercomparison project (CMIP5), i.e., NorESM1-M, and is therefore
particularly suitable for multimillennial paleoclimate and carbon cycle
simulations or large ensemble simulations. The speed-up is primarily a result
of using a prescribed atmosphere aerosol chemistry and a tripolar ocean–sea
ice horizontal grid configuration that allows an increase of the ocean–sea
ice component time steps. Ocean biogeochemistry can be activated for fully
coupled and semi-coupled carbon cycle applications. This paper describes the
model and evaluates its performance using observations and NorESM1-M as
benchmarks. The evaluation emphasizes model stability, important large-scale
features in the ocean and sea ice components, internal variability in the
coupled system, and climate sensitivity. Simulation results from NorESM1-F in
general agree well with observational estimates and show evident
improvements over NorESM1-M, for example, in the strength of the meridional
overturning circulation and sea ice simulation, both important metrics in
simulating past and future climates. Whereas NorESM1-M showed a slight global
cool bias in the upper oceans, NorESM1-F exhibits a global warm bias. In
general, however, NorESM1-F has more similarities than dissimilarities
compared to NorESM1-M, and some biases and deficiencies known in NorESM1-M
remain.
ATTILA 4.0: Lagrangian Advective and Convective Transport of
Passive Tracers within the ECHAM5/MESSy (2.53.0) Chemistry
Climate Model
Authors: Brinkop Sabine , Jöckel Patrick
Published: January 2019

Abstract. We have extended ATTILA (Atmospheric Tracer Transport in a LAgrangian model), a Lagrangian tracer transport scheme, which is on-line coupled to the global ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) Climate model, with a combination of newly developed and modified physical routines, and new diagnostic and infrastructure submodels. The new physical routines comprise a parametrisation for Lagrangian convection, a formulation of diabatic vertical velocity, and the new grid-point submodel LGTMIX to calculate the mixing of compounds in Lagrangian representation. The new infrastructure routines simplify the transformation between grid-point (GP) and Lagrangian (LG) space in a parallel computing environment. The new submodel LGVFLUX is a useful diagnostic tool to calculate on-line vertical mass-fluxes through horizontal surfaces. The submodel DRADON was extended to account for emissions and changes of 222Radon on Lagrangian parcels. To evaluate the new physical routines, two simulations in free-running mode with prescribed sea surface temperatures were performed with EMAC-ATTILA in T42L47MA resolution from 1950 to 2010. The results show an improvement of the tracer transport into and within the stratosphere, when the diabatic vertical velocity is used for vertical advection in ATTILA instead of the standard kinematic vertical velocity. Especially the age-of-air distribution is more in accordance with observations. The global tropospheric distribution of 222Radon, however, is simulated in agreement with available observations and with the results from EMAC in grid-space for both Lagrangian systems. Additional sensitivity studies reveal an effect of the inter-parcel mixing on the age-of-air in the tropopause region and the stratosphere, but no significant effect for the troposphere.
High-resolution palaeovalley classification from airborne
electromagnetic imaging and deep neural network training using
digital elevation model data
Authors: Jiang Zhenjiao , Mallants Dirk , Peeters Luk , Gao Lei , Mariethoz Gregoire
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Palaeovalleys are buried ancient river valleys that often form productive aquifers, especially in the semi-arid and arid areas of Australia. Delineating their extent and hydrostratigraphy is however a challenging task in groundwater system characterization. This study developed a methodology based on the deep learning super-resolution convolutional neural network (SRCNN) approach, to convert electrical conductivity (EC) estimates from an airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey in South Australia to a high-resolution binary palaeovalley map. The SRCNN was trained and tested with a synthetic training dataset, where valleys were generated from readily available digital elevation model (DEM) data from the AEM survey area. Electrical conductivities typical of valley sediments were generated by Archie’s Law, and subsequently blurred by down-sampling and bicubic interpolation to represent noise from the AEM survey, inversion and interpolation. After a model training step, the SRCNN successfully removed such noise, and reclassified the low-resolution, unimodal but skewed EC values into a high-resolution palaeovalley index following a bimodal distribution. The latter allows distinguishing valley from non-valley pixels. Furthermore, a realistic spatial connectivity structure of the palaeovalley was predicted when compared with borehole lithology logs and valley bottom flatness indicator. Overall the methodology permitted to better constrain the three-dimensional palaeovalley geometry from AEM images that are becoming more widely available for groundwater prospecting.
Economic damage and spillovers from a tropical cyclone
Authors: Lenzen Manfred , Malik Arunima , Kenway Steven , Daniels Peter , Lam Ka Leung , Geschke Arne
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Tropical cyclones cause widespread damage in specific regions as
a result of high winds and flooding. Direct impacts on commercial property
and infrastructure can lead to production shortfalls. Further losses can
occur if business continuity is lost through disrupted supply of intermediate
inputs from, or distribution to, other businesses. Given that producers in
modern economies are strongly interconnected, initially localised production
shortfalls can ripple through upstream supply-chain networks and severely
affect regional and wider national economies. In this paper, we use a
comprehensive, highly disaggregated and recent multi-region input–output
framework to analyse the negative impacts of Tropical Cyclone Debbie, which
battered the north-eastern Australian coast in March 2017. In particular, we
show how industries and regions that were not directly affected by storm and
flood damage suffered significant job and income losses throughout upstream
supply chains. Our results indicate that the disaster resulted in the direct
loss of about 4802 full-time-equivalent jobs and AUD 1544 million of value
added, and an additional indirect loss of 3685 jobs and AUD 659 million of
value added. The rapid and detailed assessment of the economic impact of
disasters is made possible by the timely data provision and collaborative
environment facilitated by the Australian Industrial Ecology Virtual
Laboratory (IELab).
Real-time monitoring and FEMLIP simulation of a rainfall-induced rockslide
Authors: Li Zhaohua , Tao Zhigang , Jiang Yuanjun , Lv Qian , Darve Felix , He Manchao
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Rockslides are a common and devastating problem affecting mining
and other engineering activities all over the world; consequently, there
have been many studies into their prediction and prevention. This study
focused on a recent rockslide in an open-pit mine in Liaoning Province,
China. The stability of the rock slope under excavation and rainfall
conditions was monitored using an efficient real-time monitoring system. A
further numerical analysis was performed using the finite element method
with Lagrangian integration points (FEMLIP), and two forms of the normalized
global second-order work were calculated to analyze the stability of the
rock slope. In fact for the future it would be very interesting to compare measurements and simulations in real time, and not only to develop back
computations after failure. The numerical results indicate that the rock
slope remained stable during excavation, yet lost stability after subsequent
rainfall. Water infiltration, along with a major geological discontinuity,
degraded the strength of the weak zone and induced the rockslide. The
monitoring approach presented its robustness and generality, and was worth
being generalized. The numerical approach proposed the evolution of the
safety factor, the monitoring data were compared, and the mechanism of the
rockslide was determined. It could be used as an assistant tool for disaster prediction.
LES Modeling of Tsunami-like Solitary Wave Processes over Fringing Reefs
Authors: Yao Yu , He Tiancheng , Deng Zhengzhi , Chen Long , Guo Huiqun
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Many low-lying tropical and sub-tropical reef-fringed coasts are vulnerable to inundation during tsunami events. Hence accurate prediction of tsunami wave transformation and runup over such reefs is a primary concern in the coastal management of hazard mitigation. To overcome the deficiencies of using depth-integrated models in modeling tsunami-like solitary waves interacting with fringing reefs, a three-dimensional (3D) numerical wave tank based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool OpenFOAM® is developed in this study. The Navier–Stokes equations for two-phase incompressible flow are solved, using the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method for turbulence closure and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method for tracking the free surface. The adopted model is firstly validated by two existing laboratory experiments with various wave conditions and reef configurations. The model is then applied to examine the impacts of varying reef morphologies (fore-reef slope, back-reef slope, lagoon width, reef-crest width) on the solitary wave runup. The current and vortex evolutions associated with the breaking solitary wave around both the reef crest and the lagoon are also addressed via the numerical simulations.
3-D seismic travel-time tomography validation of a detailed subsurface model: a case study of the Záncara river basin (Cuenca, Spain)
Authors: Marti David , Marzan Ignacio , Sachsenhausen Jana , Alvarez-Marrón Joaquina , Ruiz Mario , Torne Montse , Mendes Manuela , Carbonell Ramon
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A high-resolution
seismic tomography survey was acquired to obtain a full 3-D P-wave seismic
velocity image in the Záncara river
basin (eastern Spain). The study area consists of lutites and gypsum from a
Neogene sedimentary sequence. A regular and dense grid of 676 shots and 1200
receivers was used to image a 500 m×500 m area of the
shallow subsurface. A 240-channel system and a seismic source, consisting of
an accelerated weight drop, were used in the acquisition. Half a million
travel-time picks were inverted to provide the 3-D seismic velocity
distribution up to 120 m depth. The project also targeted the geometry of
the underground structure with emphasis on defining the lithological contacts
but also the presence of cavities and fault or fractures. An extensive
drilling campaign provided uniquely tight constraints on the lithology; these
included core samples and wireline geophysical measurements. The analysis of
the well log data enabled the accurate definition of the lithological
boundaries and provided an estimate of the seismic velocity ranges associated
with each lithology. The final joint interpreted image reveals a wedge-shaped
structure consisting of four different lithological units. This study
features the necessary key elements to test the travel time tomographic
inversion approach for the high-resolution characterization of the shallow
subsurface. In this methodological validation test, travel-time tomography
demonstrated to be a powerful tool with a relatively high capacity for
imaging in detail the lithological contrasts of evaporitic sequences located
at very shallow depths, when integrated with additional geological and
geophysical data.
On the multi-fractal scaling properties of
sea ice deformation
Authors: Rampal Pierre , Dansereau Véronique , Olason Einar , Bouillon Sylvain , Williams Timothy , Samaké Abdoulaye
Published: January 2019

Abstract. In this paper, we evaluate the neXtSIM sea ice model with respect to the observed scaling invariance properties of sea ice deformation in the spatial and temporal domains. Using an Arctic set-up with realistic initial conditions, state-of-the-art atmospheric reanalysis forcing and geostrophic currents retrieved from satellite data, we show that the model is able to reproduce the observed properties of these scaling in both the spatial and temporal do- mains over a wide range of scales and, for the first time, their multi-fractality. The variability of these properties during the winter season are also captured by the model. We also show that the simulated scaling exhibit a space-time coupling, a suggested property of brittle deformation at geophysical scales. The ability to reproduce the multi-fractality of these scaling is crucial in the context of downscaling model simulation outputs to infer sea ice variables at the sub-grid scale, and also has implication in modeling the statistical properties of deformation-related quantities such as lead fractions, and heat and salt fluxes.
A vortex-based tip/smearing correction for the actuator line
Authors: Meyer Forsting Alexander Raul , Pirrung Georg Raimund , Ramos-García Néstor
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The actuator line was intended as a lifting line technique for CFD applications. In this paper we proof – theoretically and practically – that smearing the forces of the actuator line in the flow domain necessarily leads to smeared velocity fields. By combining a near-wake representation of the trailed vorticity with a viscous vortex core model, the missing induction from the smeared velocity is recovered. This novel dynamic smearing correction is verified for basic wing test cases and rotor simulations of a multi-MW turbine. The latter cover the entire operational wind speed range as well as yaw, strong turbulence and pitch step cases. The correction is validated with lifting line simulations with and without viscous core, that are representative of an actuator line without and with smearing correction, respectively. The dynamic smearing correction makes the actuator line effectively act as a lifting line, as it was originally intended.
Effect of Audit Quality on Earnings Quality: Evidence From Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Suparsono Sumiadji , Chandrarin Grahita , Subiyantoro Edi
Published: January 2019

This research was conducted to test the effect of audit quality on earnings quality. Its observed data consisted of 116 annual data of manufacturing companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange within 2011-2014. The proxies of audit quality are auditor size, audit tenure and audit specialization. The earnings quality was formed from the attributes of accrual quality, persistence, predictability, and income smoothing. The analysis techniques for this research involved (1) an confirmatory factor analysis to form the earnings quality and (2) multiple regression analysis to test the effect of the auditor size, audit tenure and audit specialization on earnings quality. Analysis results showed that earnings quality is formed by the attributes of persistence and predictability. Research results showed that auditor size and audit tenure have effect on earning quality, while audit specialization do not.
Factors Affecting the Intention to Adopt M-Learning
Authors: Senaratne Sanduni I. , Samarasinghe Samantha M.
Published: January 2019

Over the recent years, emerging technological applications have been used for making student learning more effective and interactive. M-Learning has been one such technological initiative which has shown promising benefits in the higher education context. Even though the importance of mobile learning has been researched by many, the factors influencing mobile learning adoption intention has not been addressed sufficiently, particularly in the Sri Lankan context. Hence, the purpose of this paper was to present a conceptual model to examine the factors influencing the intention to adopt mobile learning by the students engaged in higher education. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this study extended the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis, 1989) with mobile self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation to use mobile devices and the system quality of the m-Learning system. The model describes how the aforementioned factors influence the higher education students’ intention to adopt m-Learning via survey data collected from 151 postgraduate students. The findings suggest that the model explained the factors influencing the intention to adopt m-Learning among students in higher education. In detail, the mobile self -efficacy, system quality and intrinsic motivation significantly influenced the intention to adopt m-Learning. The results could be utilized for increasing the adoption of m-Learning practices and developing mobile applications useful for teaching and learning purposes. This study has incorporated three independent constructs in extending the TAM model; namely, system quality, mobile self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation. These were derived from the IS Success theory, Self-efficacy theory and Self-determination theory respectively. Accordingly, this study intends to address the theoretical gap in the higher education context pertaining to the adoption of mobile learning. Since Mobile Self-Efficacy and System Quality were the most significant factors that affect the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, these factors should be given prominence when developing mobile enabled Learning Management Systems within institutions.
Microfinance Institutions: It’s Role in Palestine Economic Development
Authors: Karsh Sharif M. Abu , Deek Anan Y.
Published: January 2019

Microfinance is a tool for state poverty reduction and addition in number of these institutions are the support solution which brings overall improvement in the reconciliations. The current research study investigates the impact of these MFIs towards the development of economic condition of the state. The current study aims to explore more about MFIs, economic development with the support of past counts, as well the direct and indirect benefits associated with the MFIs. Data was collected from primary and secondary sources (Mixed strategy) for creating the more rigor and objectivity under working the positivist paradigmatic approach. This study highlights the major economic problem exists in Palestine is related to poverty. Additionally, micro financing is the term associated for the development of these barriers that impacts as a hindrance for any of the economy growth level. The results of the study show that the small level micro-financing is the best resource for the economic stability as well development.
Efficiency of the Black Foreign Exchange Market
Authors: Chaudhry Ali Farhan , Hanif Mian Muhammd , Hassan Sameera , Chani Muhammad Irfan
Published: January 2019

This empirical study is first of its nature to examine the weak-form of efficiency for unofficial foreign exchange market of Pakistan proxied by Japanese Yen (JPY/PKR), Swiss Franc (CHF/PKR), British Pound (GBP/PKR), and US Dollar (USD/PKR) exchange rates. For this we have employed Ljung Box Q-test, unit root tests including Dickey-Fuller (Dickey 1979), Augmented Dickey-Fuller (Dickey 1981) tests and Phillips and Perron (1988) test, Durbin Watson test, Runs-test, and Variance ratio test by using unofficial foreign exchange rate time series of Yen/PKR, CHF/PKR, GBP/PKR and USD/PKR from 1994M07 to 2001M06. Empirical results lead to the conclusion that the unofficial foreign exchange market of Pakistan is weak-form efficiency. The implications of this empirical research are of great importance for designing foreign exchange policy i.e. policy makers (be it accounting, export/import or public policy makers) are to consider fluctuations in unofficial foreign exchange rates while designing official foreign exchange rate policy of developing country like Pakistan. Further, policymakers can enhance the efficiency of official foreign exchange market by intervention subject to a widening of unofficial foreign exchange premium beyond a certain limit in developing countries like Pakistan.
Clementie aanvragen of de afspraak voortzetten, wat te doen met het oog op schadeclaims?
Authors: Rosenboom Nicole , in ’t Veld Daan
Published: January 2019

Clementie aanvragen of de afspraak voortzetten, wat te doen met het oog op schadeclaims?

Karteldeelnemers lopen zowel het risico op een publieke boete als op een schadeclaim van één of meer afnemers. Door middel van een succesvolle clementieaanvraag kan een boete geheel of gedeeltelijk worden vermeden. De vraag is of de dreiging van civiele schadeprocedures ten koste gaat van de aantrekkelijkheid om clementie aan te vragen. Dit artikel beschrijft de resultaten van een empirische analyse naar de verschillende factoren van publieke en private kartelhandhaving en hun effect op de kans dat een onderneming clementie aanvraagt. De analyse betreft een vignettenanalyse op basis van een enquête onder Nederlandse bedrijven en Nederlandse mededingingsjuristen.
THE RELATIONAL SYSTEMS OF COORDINATION FLOWS IN LOGISTICS
NETWORKS OF NATO
Authors: MILEWSKI Radosław
Published: January 2019

Logistics chains are the result of the practical application of economic principles
(orientation) of flow. Most close to the essence of logistics chains is a functional
approach, where the essence is the technological connection points of storage and
handling roads transport of goods and coordinate the organizational and financial
operations, procurement processes and inventory policies of all links in the chain.
Increasingly, in a globalized economy in logistics and areas of the economy associated
with the logistics uses the term “network”. There are networks of strategic, economic
networks, network based, supply chain, logistics networks. Most network solutions
is directly related to the logistics of NATO and international cooperation entities
militarized. The article is an attempt to isolate the relations between the parties
cooperating in NATO’s logistical networks.
ZASOBY LOGISTYCZNE JAKO DETERMINANTA
POTENCJAŁU LOGISTYCZNEGO SIŁ ZBROJNYCH
Authors: SMYK dr hab. Stanisław
Published: January 2019

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań uzyskane w procesie badawczym ukierunkowanym przez następujący problem naukowy: Jakie istnieją możliwości pozyskiwania zasobów spoza systemu logistycznego sił zbrojnych, które w istotny sposób zwiększają
potencjał logistyczny wojsk adekwatnie do istoty wykonywanych zadań taktyczno--operacyjnych? Tym samym celem badań było określenie źródeł zasobów logistycznych i istoty ich wpływu na potencjał logistyczny sił zbrojnych.
W czasie pokoju organy kierowania systemem logistycznych sił zbrojnych koncentrują się na dwóch głównych przedsięwzięciach: realizacji szkolenia oddziałów
i pododdziałów logistycznych oraz tworzeniu odpowiedniego potencjału logistycznego, adekwatnego do charakteru zadań określonych dla sił zbrojnych. Liczba i charakter tych zadań są zróżnicowane ze względu na czas, rodzaj i miejsce operacji wojskowej. Tym samym wielkość potencjału logistycznego i możliwości jego kreowania
są zależne głównie od wielkości, charakteru i możliwych do wykorzystania źródeł
zasobów logistycznych. Zatem przedstawienie złożoności sytuacji decyzyjnej i uwarunkowań podejmowania decyzji logistycznych, w tak złożonej sytuacji decyzyjnej,
są głównymi wynikami badań przedstawionymi w artykule.
Jako zasadnicze metody badawcze zostały wykorzystane analiza i synteza, wnioskowanie przez analogię oraz studium przypadku.
LINGWISTYKA WŚRÓD WYMIARÓW LOGISTYKI –
KILKA REFLEKSJI
Authors: STANKIEWICZ prof. dr hab. Wacław
Published: January 2019

Z własnego doświadczenia i studiów dysponuję informacją o roli logistyki w życiu
doczesnym człowieka i wspólnoty, zwłaszcza żołnierskiej. Mam głęboki szacunek do
sucharów i próbuję zrozumieć nawet nanomikroekonomikę. W obecnej sytuacji „wielowymiarowości” logistyki proponuję uszanować rolę redukcji ofert składanych przez
teoretyków naszej praktyce. Opowiadam się za korzystaniem z metodologii i ekonomiki instytucjonalnej, a przede wszystkim z ofert lingwistyki. Sygnalizuję pożytek
z poznania „teorii instytucjonalnych nominacji”, która ułatwi nam wciąż aktualne
spory o pochodzenie nazwy „logistyka” i prezentację obiektu istniejącego zaiste tylko
w przestrzeni nieskończenie wielowymiarowej. Skupiłem uwagę na jednej ze struktur
lingwistycznych, która daje się adaptować jako narzędzie analizy aktualnej wiedzy
logistycznej. Chodzi o przejrzystość układu „jądro – dwie powłoczki” i unikanie „pułapek” metodologicznych. Zwróciłem m.in. uwagę na obserwowaną i u naszych logistyków nieporadność w definiowaniu obiektów na potrzeby praktyki i teorii.
SYSTEM TRANSPORTOWY I JEGO UWARUNKOWANIA –
ASPEKTY GOSPODARCZO-OBRONNE
Authors: KUROWSKI dr Jacek
Published: January 2019

Transport jest złożonym systemem, warunkowanym wieloma czynnikami wewnętrznymi i zewnętrznymi. Jego kondycja wpływa na sposób funkcjonowania państwa,
determinując możliwości rozwoju gospodarczego i potencjał obronny. Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, że prawidłowo prowadzona polityka inwestycyjna w transporcie
ma ogromne znaczenie nie tylko dla gospodarki, ale i dla obronności państwa. Cel
realizowano poprzez przeprowadzenie analizy teoretycznej w odniesieniu do pojęcia
systemu transportu i jego uwarunkowań, a następnie analizy empirycznej głównych
gałęzi transportu z punktu widzenia obronności: transportu drogowego i kolejowego.
Pozwoliło to sformułować kilka wniosków. Polska po latach dostosowywania swego systemu transportowego do minimalnych wymagań współczesnego państwa powinna, współtworząc europejski system transportowy, jasno określić swe priorytety
i dążyć do ich realizacji. Należy poważnie rozważać konsekwencje każdej decyzji
w zakresie modelowania przebiegu międzynarodowych szlaków komunikacyjnych,
ponieważ są to decyzje nieodwracalne, które rzutują na sytuację geopolityczną przez
wiele dziesiątków lat.
Fretting in orthodontics and its test
methods
Authors: Czepułkowska W. , Jastrzębski W.
Published: January 2019

Purpose: A review of the literature regarding the occurrence of fretting wear in orthodontics
and its test methods have been presented.
Design/methodology/approach: The influence of micro-movements occurring in the
oral cavity on the occurrence of fretting wear in a fixed orthodontic appliance is discussed.
The fretting test methods were analysed, taking into account the shape of the samples
and the amplitude of the movements, calculated according to the Hertz contact problem.
Fretting-corrosion tests on the wear of materials are included.
Findings: Fretting occurs between the bracket and the orthodontic archwire in a fixed
appliance. The test of the amount of wear material mainly uses samples created for the
needs of the device. The test of ready-made components of a fixed appliance usually relate
to the value of the coefficient of friction. The use of coatings increases the coefficient with
the simultaneous reduction of the amount of wear material. Fretting-corrosion occurring in
the oral environment has a negative impact on the wear of materials. The value of the total
area of abraded material after fretting is unknown.
Research limitations/implications: Particles of fretting wear get through to the organism
from the elements of a fixed orthodontic appliance and they may cause hypersensitivity of
surrounding tissues. The amount of wear material and its total area should be tested.
Originality/value: Presented are the methods of fretting wear testing in a fixed orthodontic
appliance, taking into account the cognitive gap in the knowledge of the amount of abraded
material from ready-made components and the value of their total area.
A case of acute skin failure misdiagnosed as a pressure ulcer, leading to a legal dispute
Authors: Kim Jung Hwan , Shin Hea Kyeong , Jung Gyu Yong , Lee Dong Lark
Published: January 2019

It is difficult to differentiate acute skin failure (ASF) from pressure ulcer (PU). ASF is defined as unavoidable injury resulting from hypoperfusion caused by severe dysfunction of another organ system. We describe a case of ASF mistaken as PU that resulted in a legal dispute. A 74-year-old male patient was admitted to our intensive care unit with sepsis due to bacterial pneumonia. Despite the use of air cushions and regular position changes, skin ulcerations occurred over his occiput, back, buttock, elbow, and ankle. After improvement in his general condition, he was transferred to the department of plastic and reconstructive surgery. Debridement was performed immediately, followed by conservative treatment (including a vacuum-assisted closure device) for 6 weeks. The buttock and occiput wounds were treated surgically. Despite complete healing, his caregivers sued the hospital for failing to prevent PU formation. ASF is a pressure-related injury resulting from hemodynamic instability due to organ system failure. Unlike PU, ASF may occur despite the implementation of all appropriate preventive measures. Furthermore, misdiagnosis of ASF as PU can lead to litigation. Therefore, it is critical for the proper diagnosis to be made quickly, and for physicians to explain that ASF occurs despite proper preventative treatment.
Efficacy and patient satisfaction regarding lymphovenous bypass with sleeve-in anastomosis for extremity lymphedema
Authors: Chung Jae-Ho , Baek Si-Ook , Park Ho-Jin , Lee Byung-Il , Park Seung-Ha , Yoon Eul-Sik
Published: January 2019

Background When performing lymphovenous anastomosis, it is sometimes difficult to find venules in the proximity of an ideal lymphatic vessel that have a similar diameter to that of the lymphatic vessel. In this situation, larger venules can be used.

Methods The authors evaluated the efficacy of and patient satisfaction with lymphovenous bypass with sleeve-in anastomosis. Between January 2014 and December 2016, we performed this procedure in 18 patients (eight upper extremities and 10 lower extremities) with secondary lymphedema. Lymphovenous bypass with sleeve-in anastomosis was performed under microscopy after injecting indocyanine green dye. The circumferential diameter was measured before lymphovenous bypass and at 1, 2, and 6 months after the procedure. An outcomes survey that included patients’ qualitative satisfaction with lymphovenous bypass was conducted at 6 months postoperatively.

Results Almost all patients showed quantitative improvements after surgery. The circumferential reduction rate in patients with stage II lymphedema of both the upper and lower extremities was significantly greater than in their counterparts with stage III/IV lymphedema. The circumferential reduction rate was lower in lower-extremity patients than in upper-extremity patients.

Conclusions Lymphovenous bypass surgery with sleeve-in anastomosis in lymphedema patients is beneficial, and appears to be effective, when adequately-sized venules cannot be found in the proximity of an ideal lymphatic vessel.
What Features Best Characterize Adult Second Language Utterance Fluency and What Do They Reveal About Fluency Gains in Short-Term Immersion?
Authors: Segalowitz Norman , French Leif , Guay Jean-Daniel
Published: January 2019

This study reports on how one can examine a second language (L2) speech corpus in order to define which of many possible features of L2 utterance fluency (i.e., speech fluidity) should be the focus of an L2 fluency gains investigation. Participants were 100 adult English-speakers enrolled in a French immersion program. Data from 50 randomly selected participants were assigned to Sample A for Analysis 1 and the remainder to Sample B for Analysis 2. In Analysis 1, 23 candidate speech features, drawn from the literature at large, were examined in Sample A through a series of logical and statistical steps and systematically reduced to four features as constituting a core set of L2 utterance fluency features. In Analysis 2, these four features were examined in the Sample B corpus for gains after 5 weeks of immersion. Results indicated strong gains on all four. In Analysis 3, by way of replication, we reversed the process by using the Sample B data to first define the target fluency features and then the Sample A data to test for fluency gains. The main results replicated those of Analyses 1 and 2. The four features that emerged as core L2 utterance fluency features were mean syllable run length and mean phonation run length between silent pauses, and mean syllable duration and mean silent pause duration. Mean filled pause duration did not meet the criteria for belonging to the same fluency construct. Overall, the results showed that it is possible (a) to operationally define L2 fluency markers without reference to fluency gains, and (b) to then use these fluency markers to study L2 fluency gains without the gains data having shaped the operational definition of fluency in the first place, thereby avoiding the circularity of post hoc identification of relevant variables.
Revision and significance of the Westphalian (Middle Pennsylvanian) arborescent lycopsid Bergeria dilatata (Lindley & Hutton) Álvarez-Vázquez & Wagner
Authors: Álvarez-Vázquez Carmen , Bek Jiří , Wagner Robert H.
Published: January 2019

Bergeria dilatata (Lindley & Hutton) Alvarez-Vazquez & Wagner, a Middle Pennsylvanian lycopsid, is redescribed based on type material from England as well as 586 specimens from the Peñarroya-Belmez-Espiel Coalfield, Cordoba province, southern Spain. The species is characterized by longer than broad, smooth leaf cushions showing false leaf scars, and the presence of perennial, long, entire, single-veined leaves. A complete synonymy is presented and 21 new species (two of them with doubts), previously placed in 6 different genera, have been synonymized. Associated  Flemingites-type cones, determined as Flemingites russelianus, yielded  in situ spores of the Lagenoisporites  rugosus type and microspores of the Microspinosporites type.
Rare Middle and Upper Devonian dalmanelloid (Orthida) of the Cantabrian Mountains, N Spain
Authors: García-Alcalde Jenaro L
Published: January 2019

Rare Cantabrian Dalmanellidae (Costisorthis lisae nov. sp.), Dicoelosiidae (Teichertina cf. peregrina, T. cf. ?tzroyensis), and Mystrophoridae (Mystrophora sp., Biernatium sucoi nov. sp., and Biernatium sp. 2) are described and ?gured for the ? rst time in Spain. Most of them are scarce forms that occur only in certain localities. All the species but one came from the lower part of the Portilla (province of León) and Candás (province of Asturias) formations, Faunal Interval 21, Polygnathus rhenanus/P. varcus conodont zone, middle Givetian. The exception is Biernatium sp. 2 that occurs in Asturias in FI 25, Piñeres Fm., Palmatolepis transitans zone, lower Frasnian. Costisorthis ranges from Pragian to Eifelian rocks in central Europe. C. lisae nov. sp., from the Givetian of Asturias di?ers from other Costisorthis species in the weaker development of the distinctive ventral and dorsal plications.
Presence of Naraoia Walcott, 1912 (Nektaspida, Arthropoda) in the middle Cambrian of Europe (Murero, NE Spain)
Authors: Gozalo Rodolfo , Dies-Álvarez Mª Eugenia , Gámez VIintaned José Antonio , Chirivella Juan B. , Liñan Eladio
Published: January 2019

The genus Naraoia Walcott, 1912, a Burgess Shale-type fossil known from the lower and middle Cambrian of British Columbia (Canada), Idaho and Utah (USA), as well as from Yunnan and Guizhou provinces (China), is now reported from the middle Cambrian of Murero (Zaragoza, Spain), which is the first record in the Acadobaltic province. The only fragmented specimen found is determined as Naraoia sp., its age being Pardailhania multispinosa Zone (Drumian Stage). This new datum reinforces the hypothesis of the existence of a cosmopolitan faunal substrate in early Cambrian times, which is to some extent refl ected in the mid Cambrian by faunal groups of low evolutionary potential as the family Naraoiidae and other soft-bodied fossil taxa.
Conodont association of the Bashkirian-Moscovian boundary interval of the Donets Basin, Ukraine
Authors: Nemyroska Tamara I. , Hu Keyi
Published: January 2019

Ten sections spanning the Bashkirian-Moscovian boundary interval were studied in the Donets Basin. Six of them contain most representative conodont and foraminifer associations. In this paper we focused on three the most complete sections that include stratigraphically important conodont species, which belong to the Declinognathodus, Idiognathoides, Idiognathodus, Neognathodus, “Streptognathodus”, Mesogondolella and Diplognathodus genera. The majority of those species are widely distributed, which makes the correlation to other areas reliable. Two biotic events in conodont evolution were discovered in these sections. Two conodont lineages established here are considered as potential markers for the definition of the lower boundary of the Global Moscovian Stage: D. marginodosus – D. donetzianus and Id. sulcatus sulcatus – Id. postsulcatus. The conodonts D. donetzianus and Id. postsulcatus, both proposed before as potential markers for the de? nition of the GSSP at the Bashkirian-Moscovian boundary, are described and compared to those from the other areas. The entry of D. donetzianus is updated and con? rmed to the top of the limestone K1 in both sections, the Zolota Valley and the Malo-Mykolaivka sections. The other proposals for the de???? nition of the lower Moscovian boundary by conodonts are discussed. Three conodont zones characterize the Bashkirian-Moscovian boundary interval. These are, in ascending order: the Id. tuberculatus – Id. fossatus Zone and D. marginodosus Zone from the upper Bashkirian, and D. donetzianus Zone from the lower Moscovian. They were recently described and shortly given in this paper.
Late Quaternary marine ostracods of the Basque Basin (S Bay of Biscay): taxonomy and distribution
Authors: Rodríguez-Lázaro Julio , Martínez-García Blanca , Martín-Rubio Maite , Pascual Ana , Varela Zeltia
Published: January 2019

Late Quaternary taxonomy and ecologic and age distributions of ostracods from the Basque Basin (S Bay of Biscay) are described. More than forty-four thousands ostracod specimens have been obtained from one hundred surface samples and core samples from six cores located in shelf and upper bathyal depths and other infrabathyal core as comparative deep reference. A total of 155 species have been taxonomically described, belonging to 67 genera. Most characteristic species (123) have been SEM figured, and ecologic-geographic distributions and ages have been provided for all species. The resulting database will be a useful help for palaeoceanographic and palaeoclimatologic studies of the region.