bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Birth and death processes with absorption
Authors: Ismail Mourad E. H. , Letessier Jean , Valent Galliano
Published: September 2002

Spectral measures and transition probabilities of birth and death processes with λ0 = μ0 = 0 are obtained as limite when λ0 → 0+ of the corresponding quantities. In particular the case of finite population is discussed in full detail. Pure birth and death processes are used to derive an inequality for Dirichlet polynomials.
A note on dual integral equations involving associated Legendre function
Authors: Mandal B. N.
Published: September 2002

This note is concerned with a formal method to obtain a closed form solution of certain dual integral equations involving the associated Legendre function as kernel.
On certain Bazilević functions of order β
Authors: Owa Shigeyoshi
Published: September 2002

A certain class B(n, α, β) of Bazilević functions of order β in the unit disk is introduced. The object of the present paper is to derive some properties of functions belonging to the class B(n, α, β). Our result for the class B(n, α, β) is the improvement of the theorem by N. E. Cho ([1]).
Hankel transforms in generalized Fock spaces
Authors: Schmeelk John
Published: September 2002

A classical Fock space consists of functions of the form,

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm356721:ijmm356721-math-0001

where ϕ0 ∈ ℂ and ϕq ∈ Lp(ℝq), q ≥ 1. We will replace the ϕq, q ≥ 1 with test functions having Hankel transforms. This space is a natural generalization of a classical Fock space as seen by expanding functionals having abstract Taylor Series. The particular coefficients of such series are multilinear functionals having distributions as their domain. Convergence requirements set forth are somewhat in the spirit of ultra differentiable functions and ultra distribution theory. The Hankel transform oftentimes implemented in Cauchy problems will be introduced into this setting. A theorem will be proven relating the convergence of the transform to the inductive limit parameter, s, which sweeps out a scale of generalized Fock spaces.
One‐point compactification on convergence spaces
Authors: So Shing S.
Published: September 2002

A convergence space is a set together with a notion of convergence of nets. It is well known how the one‐point compactification can be constructed on noncompact, locally compact topological spaces. In this paper, we discuss the construction of the one‐point compactification on noncompact convergence spaces and some of the properties of the one‐point compactification of convergence spaces are also discussed.
Ghizzetti′s theorem for piecewise continuous solutions
Authors: Pinto Manuel
Published: September 2002

We obtain that certain second order differential equations have discontinuous solutions which behaves asymptotically as straight lines.
Expansion of a class of functions into an integral involving associated Legendre functions
Authors: Mandal Nanigopal , Mandal B. N.
Published: September 2002

A theorem for expansion of a class of functions into an integral involving associated Legendre functions is obtained in this paper. This is a somewhat general integral expansion formula for a function f(x) defined in (x1, x2) where −1 < x1 < x2 < 1, which is perhaps useful in solving certain boundary value problems of mathematical physics and of elasticity involving conical boundaries.
On Feller′s criterion for the law of the iterated logarithm
Authors: Li Deli , Rao M. Bhaskara , Wang Xiangchen
Published: September 2002

Combining Feller′s criterion with a non‐uniform estimate result in the context of the Central Limit Theorem for partial sums of independent random variables, we obtain several results on the Law of the Iterated Logarithm. Two of these results refine corresponding results of Wittmann (1985) and Egorov (1971). In addition, these results are compared with the corresponding results of Teicher (1974), Tomkins (1983) and Tomkins (1990)
An SIRS epidemic model of Japanese Encephalitis
Authors: Mukhopadhyay B. B. , Tapaswi P. K.
Published: September 2002

An epidemiological model of the dynamics of Japanese Encephalitis (J.E.) spread coupling the SIRS (Susceptible/Infected/Removal/Susceptible) models of J.E. spread in the reservoir population and in the human population has been proposed. The basic reproductive rate R(0) in the coupled system has been worked out. Using Aron′s results (cf. [1] and [2]), it has been observed that the disease‐free system is stable in this coupled system also, if R(0) is less than unity, and if R(0) is greater than unity, the disease‐free system is unstable and there exists a unique stable endemic equilibrium.

The model also shows that in contrast to Aron′s observations, loss of immunity is independent of the rate of exposure to the disease. This observation sheds light on the control measure of J.E. by vaccination. Passive immunization, i.e., administration of antibody at recurrent intervals is the correct method of vaccination to eradicate the disease.
On distal and equicontinuous compact right topological groups
Authors: Milnes Paul
Published: September 2002

W. Ruppert has studied, and given examples of, compact left topological groups for which the left translation flow (?G, G) is equicontinuous. Recently, we considered an analogous distal condition that applies to the groups of dynamical type; for these the topological centre is dense, so the translation flow is equicontinuous only in the trivial case when G is topological. In the present paper, we continue this work, exhibiting new characterizations of equicontinuity and distality of (?G, G); we also discuss examples and study some related matters.
Boundedness and asymptotic behavior of solutions of a forced difference equation
Authors: Graef John R. , Spikes Paul W.
Published: September 2002

The authors consider the nonlinear difference equation

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm974851:ijmm974851-math-0001

where ?yn = yn+1 − yn, {pn}, {qn}, and {rn} are real sequences, and uf(u) > 0 for u?0. Sufficient conditions for boundedness and convergence to zero of certain types of solutions axe given. Examples illustrating the results are also included.
A note on absolute summability factors
Authors: Bor Hüseyın
Published: September 2002

In this paper, a generalization of a theorem of Mishra and Srivastava [4] on |C,1|k summability factors has been proved.
Solutions to Lyapunov stability problems: nonlinear systems with continuous motions
Authors: Grujić Ljubomir T.
Published: September 2002

The necessary and sufficient conditions for accurate construction of a Lyapunov function and the necessary and sufficient conditions for a set to be the asymptotic stability domain are algorithmically solved for a nonlinear dynamical system with continuous motions. The conditions are established by utilizing properties of o‐uniquely bounded sets, which are explained in the paper. They allow arbitrary selection of an o‐uniquely bounded set to generate a Lyapunov function.

Simple examples illustrate the theory and its applications.
A linear upper bound in zero‐sum Ramsey theory
Authors: Caro Yair
Published: September 2002

Let n, r and k be positive integers such that . There exists a constant c(k, r) such that for fixed k and r and for every group A of order k

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm962176:ijmm962176-math-0002

where is the zero‐sum Ramsey number introduced by Bialostocki and Dierker [1], and is the complete r‐uniform hypergraph on n‐vertices.
CR‐hypersurfaces of complex projective space
Authors: Bashir M. A.
Published: September 2002

We consider compact n‐dimensional minimal foliate CR‐real submanifolds of a complex projective space. We show that these submanifolds are great circles on a 2‐dimensional sphere provided that the square of the length of the second fundamental form is less than or equal to n − 1.
Classification of solutions of delay difference equations
Authors: Zhang B. G. , Yan Pengxiang
Published: September 2002

In this paper we study the classification of solutions of delay difference equation

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm489253:ijmm489253-math-0001

where An, n = N − (m + 1), …, N − 1 are given, m is a nonnegative integer.
Nonresonance conditions for fourth order nonlinear boundary value problems
Authors: De Coster C. , Fabry C. , Munyamarere F.
Published: September 2002

This paper is devoted to the study of the problem

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm401560:ijmm401560-math-0001

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm401560:ijmm401560-math-0002

We assume that f can be written under the form

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm401560:ijmm401560-math-0003

where r is a bounded function. We obtain existence conditions related to uniqueness conditions for the solution of the linear problem

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm401560:ijmm401560-math-0004

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm401560:ijmm401560-math-0005
Operators acting on certain Banach spaces of analytic functions
Authors: Seddighi K. , Hedayatiyan K. , Yousefi B.
Published: September 2002

Let 𝒳 be reflexive Banach space of functions analytic plane domain
Ω such that for every λ in Ω the functional of evaluation at λ is bounded. Assume further that
𝒳 contains the constants and Mz multiplication by the independent variable z, is bounded
operator on 𝒳. We give sufficient conditions for Mz to be reflexive. In particular, we prove that
the operators Mz on EP(Ω) and certain reflexive. We also prove that the algebra
of multiplication operators on Bergman spaces is reflexive, giving simpler proof of result of
Eschmeier.
On some constants in simultaneous approximation
Authors: Balázs K. , Kilgore T.
Published: September 2002

Pointwise estimates for the error which is feasible in simultaneous approximation of a
function and its derivatives by an algebraic polynomial were originally pursued from theoretical
motivations, which did not immediately require the estimation of the constants in such results.
However, recent numerical experimentation with traditional techniques of approximation such as
Lagrange interpolation, slightly modified by additional interpolation of derivatives at ±1, shows that
rapid convergence of an approximating polynomial to a function and of some derivatives to the
derivatives of the function is often easy to achieve. The new techniques are theoretically based upon
older results about feasibility, contained in work of Trigub, Gopengauz. Telyakovskii, and others, giving
new relevance to the investigation of constants in these older results. We begin this investigation here.
Helpful in obtaining estimates for some of the constants is a new identity for the derivative of a
trigonometric polynomial, based on a well known identity of M. Riesz. One of our results is a new proof
of a theorem of Gopengauz which reduces the problem of estimating the constant there to the question
of estimating the constant in a simpler theorem of Trigub used in the proof.
Fixed points and their approximations for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in locally convex spaces
Authors: Vijayaraju P.
Published: September 2002

We construct an example that the class of asymptotically
nonexpansive mappings include properly the class of nonexpansive mappings
in locally convex spaces, prove a theorem on the existence of fixed
points, and the convergence of the sequence of iterates to a fixed point
for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in locally convex spaces.
Characterization of fuzzy neighborhood commutative division rings II
Authors: Ahsanullah T. M. G. , Al-Thukair Fawzi A.
Published: September 2002

In [4] we produced a characterization of fuzzy neighborhood commutative division
rings; here we present another characterization of it in a sense that we minimize the conditions so
that a fuzzy neighborhood system is compatible with the commutative division ring structure.
As an additional result, we show that Chadwick [5] relatively compact fuzzy set is bounded in a
fuzzy neighborhood commutative division ring.
Note on Hölder inequalities
Authors: Kim Sung Guen
Published: September 2002

In this note, we show that if m, n are positive integers and xij ≥ 0, for
i = 1, …, n, for j = 1, …, m, then

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm487947:ijmm487947-math-0001

with equality, in case (x11, ⋯, xn1) ≠ 0 if and only if each vector (x1j, ⋯, xnj), j = 1, ⋯, m, is
a scalar multiple of (x11, ⋯, xn1). The proof is a straight‐forward application of Hölder
inequalities Conversely, we show that Hölder inequalities can be derived from the above result.
The unitary amicable pairs to 108
Authors: Najar Rudolph M.
Published: September 2002

We present an exhaustive list of the 185 unitary amicable pairs whose smaller
number is less than 108 and a new unitary sociable set of four numbers.
Some remarks about Mackey convergence
Authors: Burzyk Józef , Gilsdorf Thomas E.
Published: September 2002

In this paper, we examine Mackey convergence with respect to K‐convergence
and bornological (Hausdorff locally convex) spaces. In particular,
we prove that: Mackey convergence and local completeness imply property K;
there are spaces having K‐ convergent sequences that are not Mackey
convergent; there exists a space satisfying the Mackey convergence condition, is
barrelled, but is not bornological; and if a space satisfies the biackey
convergence condition and every sequentially continuous seminorm is
continuous, then the space is bornological.
Some properties of weighted hyperbolic polynomials
Authors: Inoue Tetsuo
Published: September 2002

A new notion of weighted hyperbolic polynomials is introduced and their properties are discussed in this paper.
Totally real submanifolds of a complex space form
Authors: Ki U-Hang , Kim Young Ho
Published: September 2002

Totally real submanifolds of a complex space form are studied. In particular, totally real submanifolds of a complex number space with parallel mean curvature vector are classified.
Further results on a generalization of Bertrand′s postulate
Authors: Giordano George
Published: September 2002

Let d(k) be defined as the least positive integer n for which pn+1 < 2pn − k. In this paper we will show that for k ≥ 286664, then d(k) < k/(logk − 2.531) and for k ≥ 2, then k(1 − 1/logk)/logk < d(k). Furthermore, for k sufficiently large we establish upper and lower bounds for d(k).
Some fixed points of expansion mappings
Authors: Pathak H. K. , Kang S. M. , Ryu J. W.
Published: September 2002

Wang et al. [11] proved some fixed point theorems on expansion mappings, which correspond some contractive mappings. Recently, several authors generalized their results by some ways.

In this paper, we give some fixed point theorems for expansion mappings, which improve the results of some authors.
Fixed point theorems for non‐self maps in d‐complete topological spaces
Authors: Saliga Linda Marie
Published: September 2002

Fixed point theorems are given for non‐self maps and pairs of non‐self maps defined on d‐complete topological spaces.
Fixed point theorems and variational inequalities with non‐compact sets
Authors: Xiang Fang-Ni , Debnath Lokenath
Published: September 2002

This paper deals with a generalization of Browder fixed point theorems and variational inequalities by relaxing the assumptions of compactness and continuity
Shear‐free boundary in Stokes flow
Authors: Palaniappan D. , Nigam S. D. , Amaranath T.
Published: September 2002

A theorem of Harper for axially symmetric flow past a sphere which is a stream surface, and is also shear‐free, is extended to flow past a doubly‐body 𝔅 consisting of two unequal, orthogonally intersecting spheres. Several illustrative examples are given. An analogue of Faxen′s law for a double‐body is observed.
Existence of solutions for a nonlinear hyperbolic‐parabolic equation in a non‐cylinder domain
Authors: Clark Marcondes Rodrigues
Published: September 2002

In this paper, we study the existence of global weak solutions for the equation

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm230981:ijmm230981-math-0001

in the non‐cylinder domain Q in Rn+1; k1 and k2 are bounded real functions, A(t) is the symmetric operator

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm230981:ijmm230981-math-0002

where aij and f are real functions given in Q. For the proof of existence of global weak solutions we use the Faedo‐Galerkin method, compactness arguments and penalization.
Projective covers and minimal free resolutions
Authors: Goddard Mark A.
Published: September 2002

Using a generalization of the definition of the projective cover of a module, a special type of surjective free resolution, known as the projective cover of a complex, may be defined. The projective cover is shown to be a direct summand of every surjective free resolution and to be the direct sum of the minimal free resolution and an exact complex. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the projective cover and minimal free resolution to be identical are discussed.
Applications of outer measures to separation properties of lattices and regular or σ‐smooth measures
Authors: Hsu Pao-Sheng
Published: September 2002

Associated with a 0 − 1 measure μ ∈ I(ℒ) where ℒ is a lattice of subsets of X are outer measures μ′ and ; associated with a σ‐smooth 0 − 1 measure μ ∈ Iσ(ℒ) is an outer measure μ″ or with μ ∈ Iσ(ℒ′), ℒ′ being the complementary lattice, another outer measure . These outer measures and their associated measurable sets are used to establish separation properties on ℒ and regularity and σ‐smoothness of μ. Separation properties between two lattices ℒ1 and ℒ2, ℒ1⫅ℒ2, are similarly investigated. Notions of strongly σ‐smooth and slightly regular measures are also used.
The fixed point index for accretive mapping with K—set contraction perturbation in cones
Authors: Chen Yu-Qing
Published: September 2002

Let P be cone Banach space E, A, K are two mappings in P, A accretive, K is K—set contraction,
then fixed point index defined for mapping −A + K, some fixed point theorems are also deduced.
An operator equation and relativistic alterations in the time for radioactive decay
Authors: Herrmann Robert A.
Published: September 2002

In this paper, using concepts from the nonstandard physical world, the linear effect
line element is derived. Previously, this line element was employed to obtain, with the exception
of radioactive decay, all of the experimentally verified special theory relativistic alterations in
physical measures. This line element is now used to derive, by means of separation of variables,
an expression that predicts the same increase in the decay time for radioactive material as that
predicted by the Einstein time dilation assumption. This indicates that such an increase in lifetime
can be attributed to an interaction of the radioactive material with a nonstandard electromagnetic
field rather than to a basic time dilation.
The closed graph theorem for multilinear mappings
Authors: Fernandez Cecília S.
Published: September 2002

A version of the Closed Graph Theorem for multilinear mappings in the context of
Banach spaces is presented.
Two criteria for univalency
Authors: Samaris N.
Published: September 2002

In the present paper we give two criteria for the functions f(z) = z + α2z2 + … to
be univalent in |z| < 1.
L‐correspondences: the inclusion Lp(μ, X) ⊂ Lq(ν, Y)
Authors: Dawson C. Bryan
Published: September 2002

In order to study inclusions of the type
Lp(μ, X) ⊂ Lq(ν, Y), we introduce the notion of an
L‐correspondence. After proving some
basic theorems, we give characterizations of some types of L‐correspondences
and offer a conjecture that is similar to an equimeasurability theorem.
Neighborhoods of certain analytic functions with negative coefficients
Authors: Altintas Osman , Owa Shigeyoshi
Published: September 2002

The object of the present paper is to derive some properties
of neighborhoods of analytic
functions with negative coefficients in the open unit disk.
Turán inequalities for symmetric orthogonal polynomials
Authors: Bustoz Joaquin , Ismail Mourad E. H.
Published: September 2002

A method is outlined to express a Turán determinant of solutions of a three term
recurrence relation as a weighted sum of squares. This method is shown to imply the positivity of Turán determinants of symmetric Pollaczek polynomials, Lommel polynomials and q‐Bessel functions.
Generalized transforms and convolutions
Authors: Huffman Timothy , Park Chull , Skoug David
Published: September 2002

In this paper, using the concept of a generalized Feynman integral, we define
a generalized Fourier‐Feynman transform and a generalized convolution product. Then for
two classes of functionals on Wiener space we obtain several results involving and relating
these generalized transforms and convolutions. In particular we show that the generalized
transform of the convolution product is a product of transforms. In addition we establish a
Parseval′s identity for functionals in each of these classes.
Computation of Hilbert sequence for composite quadratic extensions using different type of primes in Q
Authors: Haghighi M. , Miller J.
Published: September 2002

First, we will give all necessary definitions and theorems. Then the definition of a Hilbert
sequence by using a Galois group is introduced. Then by using the Hilbert sequence, we will build tower
fields for extension K/k, where and k = Q for different primes in Q.
Stečkin inequalities for summability methods
Authors: Cao Jia-Ding
Published: September 2002

Stečkin proved an inequality on Fejér means of Fourier series He said, “Proving
similar inequality for other summability method is an interesting problem.” We generalize Stečkin′s
inequality and give various applications to summability methods.
Joins of Euclidean orbital topologies
Authors: Clay Ellen
Published: September 2002

This paper is concerned with joins of orbital topologies especially on the orbit of the
reals with the usual topology.
Nonlinear delay‐differential equations with small lag
Authors: Pinto Manuel
Published: September 2002

Asymptotic formulae for the solutions of nonlinear functional differential system are
obtained.
Coincidence theorems for nonlinear hybrid contractions
Authors: Cho Y. J. , Fisher B. , Genga G. S.
Published: September 2002

In this paper, we give some common fixed point theorems for single‐valued mappings and
multi‐valued mappings satisfying a rational inequality. Our theorems generalize some results of B. Fisher,
M. L. Diviccaro et al. and V. Popa.
A study of some new absolute summability methods
Authors: Sulaiman W. T.
Published: September 2002

In this note we introduce a new method of absolute summability. A general theorem is
given. Several results are also deduced.
Renormalization group analysis for thermal turbulence
Authors: Riahi D. N.
Published: September 2002

Renormalization group theory is applied to thermal turbulence. Turbulent fluxes for the
flow are accounted for by repeatedly recasting the governing equations with the smallest scales
represented by effective larger scales. Expressions for nonlinear contributions to eddy viscosity and eddy
diffusivity are determined, and leading order contributions due to buoyancy on various results and
equations are estimated. Proper scalings for various quantities and variables including temperature are
proposed. The results near two fixed points, which correspond to inertial and buoyancy dominated
ranges, are determined and discussed
Optimal control of nonsmooth system governed by quasi‐linear elliptic equations
Authors: Liutang Gong , Pusheng Fei
Published: September 2002

In this paper, we discuss a class of optimal control problems of nonsmooth systems
governed by quasi‐linear elliptic partial differential equations, give the existence of the problem. Through
the smoothness and the approximation of the original problem, we get the necessary condition, which can
be considered as the Euler‐Lagrange condition under quasi‐linear case.
Extensions of best approximation and coincidence theorems
Authors: Park Sehie
Published: September 2002

Let X be a Hausdorff compact space, E a topological vector space on which E* separates points, F : X → 2E an upper semicontinuous multifunction with compact acyclic
values, and g : X → E a continuous function such that g(X) is convex and g−1(y) is acyclic for
each y ∈ g(X). Then either (1) there exists an x0 ∈ X such that gx0 ∈ Fx0 or (2) there exist an (x0, z0) on the graph of F and a continuous seminorm p on E such that

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm539675:ijmm539675-math-0001

. A generalization of this result and its application to coincidence theorems are obtained. Our
aim in this paper is to unify and improve almost fifty known theorems of others.
On a problem of commutativity of automorphims
Authors: Chaudhry M. Anwar , Thaheem A. B.
Published: September 2002

In this note we provide a partial answer to a problem proposed by M. Brehr. We prove
that if α, β
are automorphisms of a commutative prime ring of characteristic not equal to 2
satisfying the
equation α + α−1 = β + β−1, then either α = β or α = β−1. As a consequence α and β commute and
in this situation the equation itself ensures the commutativity of α and β.
Commutativity results for semiprime rings with derivations
Authors: Daif Mohammad Nagy
Published: September 2002

We extend a result of Herstein concerning a derivation d on a prime ring R satisfying
[d(x), d(y)] = 0
for all x, y ∈ R, to the case of semiprime rings. An extension of this result is proved for
a two‐sided ideal but is shown to be not true for a one‐sided ideal. Some of our recent results dealing
with U*‐ and U**‐ derivations on a prime ring are extended to semiprime rings. Finally, we obtain a
result on semiprime rings for which d(xy) = d(yx) for all x, y in some ideal U.
On spaces whose nowhere dense subsets are scattered
Authors: Dontchev Julian , Rose David
Published: September 2002

The aim of this paper is to study the class of N‐scattered spaces, i.e. the spaces
whose nowhere dense subsets are scattered. The concept was recently used in a decomposition of scatteredness a topological space
(X, τ)

is scattered if and only if X is α‐scattered (= its α‐topology
is scattered) and N‐scattered.
Buchwalter‐Schmets theorems and linear topologies
Authors: Ruiz L. M. Sánchez , Ferrer J. R.
Published: September 2002

In this paper, we obtain Buchwalter‐Schmets theorems in the realm
of Lefschetz linearly topologized spaces.
Convex and starlike criteria
Authors: Silverman Herb
Published: September 2002

We investigate an expression involving the quotient of the
analytic representations of convex and starlike functions.
Sufficient conditions are found for functions to be starlike of a
positive order and convex.
On Azumaya Galois extensions and skew group rings
Authors: Szeto George
Published: September 2002

Two characterizations of an Azumaya Galois extension of a ring are
given in terms of the Azumaya skew group ring of the Galois group over the extension and a Galois extension of a ring with a special Galois system is
determined by the trace of the Galois group.
Maximal elements and equilibria of generalized games for 𝒰‐majorized and condensing correspondences
Authors: Yuan George Xian-Zhi , Tarafdar E.
Published: September 2002

In this paper, we first give an existence theorem of maximal elements for a new type of preference correspondences which are 𝒰‐majorized. Then some existence theorems for compact (resp., non‐compact) qualitative games and generalized games in which the constraint or preference correspondences are 𝒰‐majorized (resp., Ψ‐condensing) are obtained in locally convex topological vector spaces.
Relationships among transforms, convolutions, and first variations
Authors: Kim Jeong Gyoo , Ko Jung Won , Park Chull , Skoug David
Published: September 2002

In this paper, we establish several interesting relationships involving the Fourier‐Feynman transform, the convolution product, and the first variation for functionals F on Wiener space of the form

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm173090:ijmm173090-math-0001

where 〈αj, x〉 denotes the Paley‐Wiener‐Zygmund stochastic integral .
Totally real submanifolds in a complex projective space
Authors: Ximin Liu
Published: September 2002

In this paper, we establish the following result: Let M be an n‐dimensional complete totally real minimal submanifold immersed in CPn with Ricci curvature bounded from below. Then either M is totally geodesic or inf  r ≤ (3n + 1)(n − 2)/3, where r is the scalar curvature of
M.
Sufficiency for Gaussian hypergeometric functions to be uniformly convex
Authors: Kim Yong Chan , Ponnusamy S.
Published: September 2002

Let F(a, b; c; z) be the classical hypergeometric function and f be a normalized analytic functions defined on the unit disk 𝒰. Let an operator Ia,b;c(f) be defined by [Ia,b;c(f)](z) = zF(a, b; c; z)*f(z). In this paper the authors identify two subfamilies of analytic functions
ℱ1 and ℱ2 and obtain conditions on the parameters a, b, c such that f ∈ ℱ1 implies Ia,b;c(f) ∈ ℱ2.
Domain perturbation method and local minimizers to Ginzburg‐Landau functional with magnetic effect
Authors: Jimbo Shuichi , Zhai Jian
Published: September 2002

We prove the existence of vortex local minimizers to Ginzburg‐Landau functional with a global magnetic effect. A domain perturbating method is developed, which allows us to extend a local minimizer on a nonsimply connected superconducting material to the local minimizer with vortex on a simply connected material.
Existence problems for homoclinic solutions
Authors: Avramescu Cezar
Published: September 2002

The problem , where x(±∞) : = limt→±∞x(t) ∈ ℝn, is considered. Some existence results for this
problem are established using the fixed point method and
topological degree theory.
Perturbations near resonance for the p‐Laplacian in ℝN
Authors: Ma To Fu , Pelicer Maurício Luciano
Published: September 2002

We study a multiplicity result for the perturbed p‐Laplacian equation −Δpu − λg(x)|u|p−2u = f(x, u) + h(x) in ℝN, where 1 < p < N and λ is near λ 1, the principal eigenvalue of the weighted eigenvalue problem −Δpu = λg(x)|u|p−2u in ℝN. Depending on which side λ is from λ 1, we prove the existence of one or three solutions. This kind of result was firstly obtained by Mawhin and Schmitt (1990) for a semilinear two‐point boundary value problem.
Magneto‐micropolar fluid motion: global existence of strong solutions
Authors: Ortega-Torres Elva E. , Rojas-Medar Marko A.
Published: September 2002

By using the spectral Galerkin method, we prove a result on global existence in time of strong solutions for the motion of magneto‐micropolar fluid without assuming that the external forces decay with time. We also derive uniform in time estimates of the solution that are useful for obtaining error bounds for the approximate solutions.
Breaching the Kinetic Barrier to in Vitro Somatic Stem Cell Propagation
Authors: Merok Joshua R. , Sherley James L.
Published: September 2002

Here we have reviewed the conventional definitions and fundamental
characteristics of the two basic types of stem cells, embryonic
stem cells (ESCs) and somatic stem cells (SSCs). By taking into
account the often‐overlooked asymmetric cell kinetics of SSCs, we
consider the evidence that should SSCs retain these growth
kinetics in vitro, a natural kinetic barrier to SSC propagation
exists. Recent discoveries showing that the tumor suppressor gene
p53 can act as a regulator of asymmetric cell kinetics provide a
target pathway for in vitro SSC propagation strategies.
A Laplace decomposition algorithm applied to a class of nonlinear differential equations
Authors: Khuri Suheil A.
Published: September 2002

In this paper, a numerical Laplace transform algorithm which is
based on the decomposition method is introduced for the
approximate solution of a class of nonlinear differential
equations. The technique is described and illustrated with some
numerical examples. The results assert that this scheme is
rapidly convergent and quite accurate by which it approximates
the solution using only few terms of its iterative scheme.
Overexpression of Soluble Fas Attenuates Transplant Arteriosclerosis in Rat Aortic Allografts
Authors: Wang Tao , Dong Chunming , Stevenson Susan C. , Herderick Edward E. , Marshall-Neff Jennifer , Vasudevan Sanjay S. , Moldovan Nicanor I. , Michler Robert E. , Movva N. Rao , Goldschmidt-Clermont Pascal J.
Published: September 2002

Background—

The killing of vascular cells by activated macrophages is an important step in the process of destabilization of the arterial wall. The death receptor Fas is implicated in vascular cell death. Hence, we extended our studies in a rat aortic allograft model, using adenovirus-mediated overexpression of soluble Fas (sFas) to block Fas binding to Fas ligand (Fas-L). The contribution of Fas to vascular cell injury and consequent transplant arteriosclerosis was investigated.

Methods and Results—

Activated monocytes in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor induce endothelial cell apoptosis in vitro, which was significantly inhibited by adenovirus-mediated sFas overexpression. Next, donor rat abdominal aortas were either untreated or transduced with adenoviruses encoding (1) rat soluble Fas (Ad3rsFas), (2) no insert (Ad3Null), and (3) β-galactosidase (Ad3nBg). A total of 175 aortic grafts were harvested 2 to 90 days after transplantation. Vascular cell apoptosis and CD45+ cell infiltration were significantly reduced in Ad3rsFas-transduced aortas, as compared with control allografts. Moreover, the control allografts developed marked intimal thickening, whereas Ad3rsFas-transduced allografts had significantly less neointima until the 90-day time point.

Conclusions—

sFas overexpression protects the integrity of the vessel wall from immune injury and attenuates transplant arteriosclerosis.
Deposition of Platelet RANTES Triggering Monocyte Recruitment Requires P-Selectin and Is Involved in Neointima Formation After Arterial Injury
Authors: Schober Andreas , Manka David , von Hundelshausen Philipp , Huo Yuqing , Hanrath Peter , Sarembock Ian J. , Ley Klaus , Weber Christian
Published: September 2002

Background—

Chemokines expressed on atherosclerotic endothelium or deposited by activated platelets have been implicated in monocyte recruitment during atherogenesis and restenosis. Although the involvement of P-selectin in these processes is evident from studies in knockout mice, it has not been elucidated whether delivery of platelet chemokines requires P-selectin, thus serving as a P-selectin-dependent effector function.

Methods and Results—

Using immunofluorescence and laminar flow assays, we found that the deposition of the platelet-derived chemokine RANTES and monocyte arrest subsequently triggered by RANTES immobilized on inflamed endothelium are more efficient after preperfusion than after static preincubation of platelets and appear to depend on interactions of platelet but not endothelial P-selectin. This was revealed by the effects of P-selectin antibodies and comparison of P-selectin-deficient and wild-type platelets. Immunohistochemistry detected a substantial luminal expression of RANTES on neointimal lesions in wire-injured carotid arteries of apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice but not of mice with a combined deficiency in apoE and P-selectin (or platelet P-selectin). As assessed by histomorphometry, treatment of apoE-deficient mice with the RANTES receptor antagonist Met-RANTES markedly reduced neointimal plaque area and macrophage infiltration.

Conclusions—

Our data suggest that RANTES deposition and subsequent monocyte arrest are promoted by platelet P-selectin and involved in wire-induced intimal hyperplasia, and that blocking RANTES receptors attenuates neointima formation and macrophage infiltration. This mechanism represents an important component explaining the protection against neointimal growth in P-selectin-deficient mice and may represent a novel approach to the treatment of restenosis or atherosclerosis by the administration of chemokine receptor antagonists.
More Accurate Quantification of Pulmonary Blood Flow by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Than by Lung Perfusion Scintigraphy in Patients With Fontan Circulation
Authors: Fratz Sohrab , Hess John , Schwaiger Markus , Martinoff Stefan , Stern Heiko C.
Published: September 2002

Background—

Quantitative evaluation of pulmonary perfusion using lung perfusion scintigraphy in patients with atriopulmonary anastomosis (APA) or total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) or partial cavopulmonary connection (PCPC) is difficult because of preferential draining of the venae cavae to one lung. Scintigraphy is the gold standard. Phase-velocity MRI (PV-MRI) is a new technique for determining pulmonary perfusion. The aim of this study was therefore to determine whether PV-MRI is more accurate than scintigraphy for quantitative evaluation of pulmonary perfusion ratios in patients with APA, TCPC, or PCPC.

Methods and Results—

We studied 15 patients with APA, TCPC, or PCPC (16±7 years old, 4 female). Twelve patients (15±8 years old, 3 female) with a single pulmonary blood source supplied by a subpulmonary ventricle, ensuring complete mixing of the radioactive tracer before entering the pulmonary circulation, served as controls. Pulmonary scintigraphy and PV-MRI were performed in all patients. Bland-Altman analysis showed a clinically unacceptable difference of 7.1% right pulmonary blood flow (27.2% upper and −13.0% lower limit of agreement) between the two methods in the study group. The two methods agreed excellently in the control group (difference, 1.6%; 4.0% upper and −7.2% lower limit of agreement), showing that the bad agreement in the study group was caused by the problems encountered using pulmonary scintigraphy in patients with APA, TCPC, or PCPC.

Conclusions—

Because of preferential caval flow into either lung, PV-MRI is more accurate for evaluating pulmonary perfusion ratios than lung perfusion scintigraphy in patients with Fontan-like circulation.
Female Sex as a Risk Factor for In-Hospital Mortality Among Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Chang Ruey-Kang R. , Chen Alex Y. , Klitzner Thomas S.
Published: September 2002

Background—

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sex disparity in cardiovascular outcomes exists in children who undergo cardiac surgery.

Methods and Results—

Statewide hospital discharge data from California from 1995 to 1997 were used. Children <21 years old who had a procedure code (by ICD9-CM) that indicated cardiac surgery were selected. The outcome variable was binary, in-hospital death versus alive at discharge. Twenty-three surgical procedures were selected and adjusted for risk by procedure type. We used logistic regression analysis to evaluate the effect of sex on in-hospital mortality, controlling for age, race and ethnicity, type of insurance, home income, type of admission, date and month of surgery, hospital case volume, and type of procedure. There were 6593 cases of cardiac surgery, with 345 in-hospital deaths (mortality rate 5.23%). Crude mortality rates for males (4.98%) and females (5.54%) were not significantly different. However, fewer females were neonates, and females had more low-risk procedures than males. Multivariate logistic regression showed that females had a higher odds ratio (OR) for mortality than males (OR 1.51,
P
<0.01). The OR for mortality was 3.86 for neonates and 2.98 for infants compared with children aged ≥1 year. Low-volume hospitals had higher mortality rates than high-volume hospitals (OR 1.67,
P
<0.01). The risk-adjusted length of hospital stay and charges were similar between females and males.

Conclusions—

For children undergoing cardiac surgery, female sex was associated with 51% higher odds of death than male sex. The mechanism by which female sex acts as a risk factor requires further investigation.
Randomized COMparison of Platelet Inhibition With Abciximab, TiRofiban and Eptifibatide During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Batchelor Wayne B. , Tolleson Thaddeus R. , Huang Yao , Larsen Rhonda L. , Mantell R. Michael , Dillard Patricia , Davidian Marie , Zhang Daowen , Cantor Warren J. , Sketch Michael H. , Ohman E. Magnus , Zidar James P. , Gretler Daniel , DiBattiste Peter M. , Tcheng James E. , Califf Robert M. , Harrington Robert A.
Published: September 2002

Background—

The relative anti-aggregatory effects of currently prescribed platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists during and after percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes have not been established.

Methods and Results—

We randomized 70 acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention to receive abciximab, eptifibatide, or tirofiban at doses used in the Evaluation of Platelet IIb/IIIa Inhibitor for STENTing (EPISTENT), Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in Unstable angina Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy (PURSUIT), and Platelet Receptor Inhibition in ischemic Syndrome Management in Patients Limited by Unstable Signs and symptoms (PRISM-PLUS)/Randomized Efficacy Study of Tirofiban for Outcomes and Restenosis (RESTORE) trials, respectively. Platelet aggregation (PA) in response to 20 μmol/L of adenosine diphosphate was measured with turbidimetric aggregometry in both D-phenylalanyl-
l
-prolyl-
l
-arginine chloromethylketone and citrate-anticoagulated blood early (15 and 30 minutes) and late (4, 12, and 18 to 24 hours) after drug initiation. At 15 and 30 minutes, PA was significantly less inhibited by the tirofiban-RESTORE regimen compared with abciximab (
P
=0.028) and eptifibatide regimens (
P
=0.0001). The abciximab regimen, however, showed increasingly varied anti-aggregatory effects during continued infusion for ≥4 hours. Citrate exaggerated ex vivo platelet inhibition after eptifibatide and tirofiban, but had the opposite effect on abciximab. Of all regimens evaluated, the eptifibatide regimen inhibited PA most consistently throughout both the early and late periods.

Conclusions—

Currently recommended drug regimens to inhibit the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor have distinct pharmacodynamic profiles that might affect their relative efficacy in acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary intervention.
Wine Drinking and Risks of Cardiovascular Complications After Recent Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: de Lorgeril Michel , Salen Patricia , Martin Jean-Louis , Boucher François , Paillard François , de Leiris Joël
Published: September 2002

Background—

Scientific data on the clinical impact of moderate alcohol consumption after a recent acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are limited, and the specific effect of wine ethanol has not been studied.

Methods and Results—

In survivors of a recent AMI, we analyzed the association between ethanol intake and the risk of recurrence. The patients were classified according to the amount of ethanol that they consumed regularly during follow-up. Major prognostic factors, including the severity of the prior AMI and drug treatment, were recorded and included in the analyses. Only patients with at least 2 reliable assessments of drinking (and dietary) habits were included (n=437). The average ethanol intake was 7.6% of the total energy intake, wherein wine ethanol represented 92% of the total. Among these patients, 104 cardiovascular complications occurred during a mean follow-up period of 4 years. In comparison with abstainers, the adjusted risk of complications was reduced by 59% (95% confidence interval: 17 to 80) in patients whose average ethanol intake was 7.7% of the total energy intake (about 2 drinks/day), and by 52% (95% confidence interval: 4 to 76) in those whose average ethanol intake was of 16% of energy (about 4 drinks/day).

Conclusion—

Whereas moderate wine drinking was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of complications in this homogenous population of coronary heart disease patients, further studies are required to confirm the data, define the clinical and biological profile of the patients who would most benefit from wine drinking after recent AMI, and examine whether the relations found are due to ethanol or other wine ingredients.
P2X1-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 contributes to platelet secretion and aggregation induced by collagen
Authors: Oury Cécile , Toth-Zsamboki Emese , Vermylen Jos , Hoylaerts Marc F.
Published: September 2002

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its stable analog, α,β-methylene ATP, activate the platelet P2X1 ion channel, causing a rapid Ca++ influx. Here, we show that, in washed apyrase-treated platelets, α,β-methylene ATP elicits reversible extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) phosphorylation through a Ca++- and protein kinase C–dependent pathway. In contrast, high-performance liquid chromatography-purified adenosine diphosphate (ADP) did not trigger ERK2 phosphorylation. α,β-Methylene ATP also activated the ERK2 pathway in P2X1-transfected HEK293 cells but not in cells expressing mutated P2X1delL nonfunctional channels. Because ATP released from the dense granules during platelet activation contributes to platelet aggregation elicited by low doses of collagen, and because collagen causes ERK2 phosphorylation, we have investigated the role of P2X1-mediated ERK2 activation in these platelet responses. We found that the antagonism of P2X1 with ADP or desensitization of this ion channel with α,β-methylene ATP both resulted in impaired ERK2 phosphorylation, ATP secretion, and platelet aggregation induced by low concentrations of collagen (≤ 1 μg/mL) without affecting the minor early dense granule release. Selective MEK1/2 inhibition by U-0126 and Ca++ chelation with EGTA (ethyleneglycoltetraacetic acid) behaved similarly, whereas the PKC inhibitor GF109203-X totally prevented collagen-induced secretion and ERK2 activation. In contrast, when elicited by high collagen concentrations (2 μg/mL), platelet aggregation and secretion no longer depended on P2X1 or ERK2 activation, as shown by the lack of their inhibition by α,β-methylene ATP or U-0126. We thus conclude that mild platelet stimulation with collagen rapidly releases ATP, which activates the P2X1-PKC-ERK2 pathway. This process enhances further degranulation of the collagen-primed granules allowing platelet aggregation to be completed.
Use of peripheral blood instead of bone marrow to monitor residual disease in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Coustan-Smith Elaine , Sancho Jose , Hancock Michael L. , Razzouk Bassem I. , Ribeiro Raul C. , Rivera Gaston K. , Rubnitz Jeffrey E. , Sandlund John T. , Pui Ching-Hon , Campana Dario
Published: September 2002

In children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), response to treatment is assessed by bone marrow aspiration. We investigated whether minimal residual disease (MRD) can be effectively monitored in peripheral blood. We used flow cytometric techniques capable of detecting 1 leukemic cell among 10 000 or more normal cells to compare MRD measurements in 718 pairs of bone marrow and peripheral blood samples collected from 226 children during treatment for newly diagnosed ALL. MRD was detected in marrow and blood in 72 pairs and in marrow but not in blood in 67 pairs; it was undetectable in the remaining 579 pairs. Remarkably, findings in marrow and blood were completely concordant in the 150 paired samples from patients with T-lineage ALL: for each of the 35 positive marrow samples, the corresponding blood sample was positive. In B-lineage ALL, however, only 37 of 104 positive marrow samples had a corresponding positive blood sample. Notably, peripheral blood MRD in these patients was associated with a very high risk for disease recurrence. The 4-year cumulative incidence of relapse in patients with B-lineage ALL was 80.0% ± 24.9% for those who had peripheral blood MRD at the end of remission induction therapy but only 13.3% ± 9.1% for those with MRD confined to the marrow (P = .007). These results indicate that peripheral blood may be used to monitor MRD in patients with T-lineage ALL and that peripheral blood MRD may provide strong prognostic information in patients with B-lineage ALL.