bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling Complexity of Rhizosphere Microbiome Affecting on Quality of Crocus sativus
Authors: Ghayoumi Masoud , Emamjomeh Abbasali , Kavousi Kaveh , Najafi Ali
Published: August 2022

Saffron (dried stigmas of Crocus sativus) is an aromatic crop belonging to Iridaceae family. The microorganisms in soil are main factors affecting the production and quality of Crocus sativus. We have studied the microbial relationships between Saffron rhizosphere and quality indices of Crocus sativus (crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal) using a Metagenomic approach. It was found that despite the similar climatic conditions, the quality of Saffron in a region is higher than other regions. This can be related to different microbes in root zone or rhizosphere layer. The purpose was to investigate and compare soil microbiome rhizosphere compared to other regions, as a result, to identify the microbiome affecting the quality of Saffron. In this research, rhizosphere soil of different regions in Ghayen(Iran), the center of high quality Saffron, was firstly sampled during harvesting time. In the next step, soil DNA was extracted, and the 16srRNA gene sequence of each sample was identified based on the RNA-Seq method; finally, the microbiome of the samples was analyzed. The results indicated that beneficial bacteria such as Kosakonia, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Plesiomonas, Pasteurella, Lactococcus, and Mitsuaria have a significant impact on increasing Saffron quality. Such bacteria, which affect the quality of Crocus sativus, increase carbon source, nitrogen fixation, auxin synthesis, dissolved phosphate production, γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) production, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increase plant growth stimulants; and can improve the quality of Saffron.
Evaluation of anesthetic efficacy of three different forulation of intraligamentary injection in hypertensive patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis- A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kothari Meghna A , Shah Nimisha Chinmay , Ballal Nidambur Vasudev , Mishra Lora , KV Kishan , Rao Ajay Singh
Published: August 2022

Objective: This double blinded randomized clinical trial was aimed to compared the efficacy of supplemental intraligamentary injections of lignocaine, diclofenac sodium, and ketorolac tromethamine on intra-appointment pain in healthy and hypertensive patients with moderate to severe symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Methodology: Ethical clearance and Clinical Trial Registry India (CTRI/2020/09/027635) was done (Registered on:07/09/2020). A total of 199 patients were divided into two groups: - Group 1- Hypertension (n=99) and Group 2-Healthy (n=99). After computer randomization and double blinding, participants were subdivided into three subgroups 1A/2A: lignocaine (n=33). 1B/2B: diclofenac sodium (n=33). Subgroup 1C/2C: ketorolac tromethamine (n=33). Pre-operative VAS was recorded. For group 1, blood pressure was recorded, and IANB with 1.8ml of 2% Lignocaine without Adrenaline was administered. For group 2, IANB with 1.8ml of 2% Lignocaine with Adrenaline was administered. Supplemental intraligamentary injection of either of experimental drugs was given. Endodontic access was gained, and an intra-operative VAS score was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the Paired t-test, Tukey’s Post Hoc test and ANOVA using SPSS software version 20.Results: Supplemental intraligamentry injections of Diclofenac Sodium And Ketorolac Tromethamine showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) than lignocaine in reduction of intraoperative pain among hypertensive and healthy individuals with no side effects.Conclusion: Supplemental injections of both NSAIDs performed better than lignocaine in reducing intra-operative pain among healthy and hypertensive individuals. Clinical Relevance: Hypertensive patient having tooth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis is always a challenge. Supplemental intra-ligamentary injection with use of NSAIDs will reduce the intraoperative pain, side effects and can be preferred over oral pre-medications.
Evaluation Method for the Hyperspectral Image Camouflage Effect Based on Multifeature Description and Grayscale Clustering
Authors: He Zhenxin , gan yuanying , Ma Shixin , Liu Chuntong , Liu Zhongye
Published: August 2022

Hyperspectral images have a special attribute with both spectral and spatial information, which is of great significance for the evaluation of the stealth performance of camouflaged targets. Aiming at the problems of a single evaluation index and the low credibility of traditional optical camouflage evaluation methods, this paper proposes a grayscale clustering camouflage-effect evaluation method based on multifeature descriptions of hyperspectral images using similarity indicators that reflect different spectral characteristics of the target and background. The improved Delphi method, which is used to construct weights, better simulates the decision-making process of experts, which gives more intuitive and detailed evaluation indicators reflecting the “pros and cons” of the camouflage effect if the clustering characteristics of the grayscale evaluation method are combined. At the same time, by introducing the whitening weight function and the evaluation grade, the camouflage ability of the camouflage net under different backgrounds is analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively.
Multidimensional tracking and consequences of the usage of forest products in Early Modern Poland
Authors: Słowiński Michał , Związek Tomasz , Swoboda Paweł , Niedzielski Michał A. , Słowińska Sandra , Konopski Michał , Jończak Jerzy , Kruczkowska Bogusława , Chojnacka Aleksandra , Róg Dominik , Szewczyk Krzysztof , Brykała Dariusz
Published: August 2022

The quantification of human impacts on past forest ecosystems becomes more challenging as one goes deeper into the past. This is primarily due to a scarcity of appropriate source material. It is well known that the inclusion of the Polish lands in the zone of economic ties with Western Europe at the end of the 15th century enabled intensive export of cereal and forest products. In this paper, we have used place names established before 1600 to demonstrate how ancient forests were exploited. By analyzing the naming material, we distinguished three basic types of names related to logging, industrial production, and beekeeping. In addition, we have included several theoretical considerations related to the environmental consequences of forest exploitation. Thus, our article provides a strong basis for further research into the environmental effects of past landscape changes.
Super-Absorbent Fabric: In Situ Polymerization of Macroporous Starch-Sodium Alginate Hydrogel on Fiber Surface
Authors: Yao Yijun , Shen Yanqin , Hu Chengmeng , Wu Hailiang
Published: August 2022

Super-absorbent fabric provide a comfortable microenvironment for personal protective equipment. We prepared a super-absorbent and strong water retention fabric by in situ polymerization of starch-sodium alginate-polyacrylate (St-SA-PAA) hydrogel on the surface of polyester fabric. The pore size distribution of gel on fabric was 30~91 μm. Benefiting from the capillarity of polyester fiber, the water absorption rate of St-SA-PAA gel could be increased from 2.8 to 10 g/min, when it was deposited on fabric. The water absorption of super-absorbent fabric reached 343 g/g, which exceeded the reported super-absorbent fiber. Also, the supporting role of fiber improved the poor mechanical property of gel after water absorption. Interestingly, super-absorbent fabric had isotropic characteristic, and its water absorption and softness could be adjusted by controlling the amount of aerogel deposition, as well as its swelling behavior conformed to second-order kinetic. This work provides new approach for the development of comfortable damp-heat management fabrics.
Association of self-compassion and body image among young breast cancer patients: mediating effect of body surveillance and body shame
Authors: Zhu Fei , Zhang Wan , Liu Chunlei , Qiang Wanmin , Lu Qian
Published: August 2022

Purpose To examine whether body surveillance and body shame mediated the association between self-compassion and body image among young breast cancer patients.Methods A total of 310 young women with breast cancer completed self-report measurements of demographic and clinical characteristics, Self-Compassion Scale, Body Image Self-rating Questionnaire for Breast Cancer and Chinese version of the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale between September and December 2021 at a tertiary cancer hospital in Tianjin, China. Data analysis was performed with correlation analysis and structural equation modeling to verify relationships between key variables.Results Less self-compassion was significantly associated with greater body image disturbance, while a positive correlation was found between body image, body surveillance, and body shame. High self-compassion was associated with low body surveillance and low body shame. Self-compassion indirectly negative predicted body image disturbance via the chain mediation of body surveillance and body shame.Conclusions The links of self-compassion and body image were mediated by body surveillance and body shame. Self-compassion can partially counteract patients’ irrational perceptions of their appearance and improve their body image disturbance by reducing body surveillance and further reducing body shame.
Early-Life Disaster Experience and Insurance Demand: Evidence from the Great Famine in China
Authors: Wang Xiaoquan , Fang Yu , Ding Yugang , Chen Hua
Published: August 2022

This study examines the effect of individual early-life famine experiences on insurance demand. Using household-level data from China, we document that household heads’ famine experiences in early adulthood have a causal relationship with the household’s insurance demand. When the famine severity increases by one unit, the probability of the household purchasing insurance rises by 5.8%, the premium expense increases by 45%, and the premium-to-total expenditure ratio increases by 58.8%. The results remain robust when using alternative cohorts and famine severity measures and accounting for migration after the Great Famine. We also conduct two falsification tests to buttress the causal effects of the Great Famine on households’ insurance demand. Finally, we show that the mechanism behind the causative effects is due to the Great Famine-related change in risk preference. After the famine, people became more risk averse and more likely to buy insurance in their later years.JEL: G52, D12, I12
POD-Galerkin reduced order models and physics-informed neural networks for solving inverse problems for the Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Hijazi Saddam N Y , Freitag Melina , Landwehr Niels
Published: August 2022

We present a Reduced Order Model (ROM) which exploits recent developments in Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for solving inverse problems for the Navier–Stokes equations (NSE). In the proposed approach, the presence of simulated data for the fluid dynamics fields is assumed. A POD-Galerkin ROM is then constructed by applying POD on the snapshots matrices of the fluid fields and performing a Galerkin projection of the NSE (or the modified equations in case of turbulence modeling) onto the POD reduced basis. A POD-Galerkin PINN ROM is then derived by introducing deep neural networks which approximate the reduced outputs with the input being time and/or parameters of the model. The neural networks incorporate the physical equations (the POD-Galerkin reduced equations) into their structure as part of the loss function. Using this approach, the reduced model is able to approximate unknown parameters such as physical constants or the boundary conditions. A demonstration of the applicability of the proposed ROM is illustrated by three cases which are the steady flow around a backward step, the flow around a circular cylinder and the unsteady turbulent flow around a surface mounted cubic obstacle.
Vascular malperfusion and abruption are prevalent in placentas from pregnancies with congenital heart disease and not associated with cardiovascular risk
Authors: Altendahl Marie , Mok Thalia , Adinkpayah Ekene , Goldstein Jeffrey , Lin Jeannette , Afshar Yalda
Published: August 2022

Congenital heart disease (CHD) in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes, plausibly through mechanisms involving abnormal placental development and function. This retrospective study aims to elucidate how maternal CHD influences placental health and fetal growth. Demographic and clinical information were collected via electronic medical record review and placentas underwent histopathological evaluation. Fifty-three singleton pregnancies over the study period were included: 23 (43%) participants were classified as lower cardiovascular risk (modified World Health Organization (mWHO) I, II) and 30 (57%) were classified as higher cardiovascular risk (mWHO II-III, III, IV) using the modified WHO classification. 12 participants (23%) had a fetus with small for gestational age (SGA). Maternal vascular malperfusion (53%), placental abruption (11.6%), and evidence of infection (26%) were common in this cohort, with prevalence above baseline risk. Participants with mWHO I or II did not significantly differ in placental findings compared to those with mWHO II-III, III, or IV (p>0.05). In pregnancies with maternal CHD, SGA and histologic evidence of maternal vascular malperfusion, and placental abruption were common, though patients with higher cardiovascular risk (mWHO II-III, III, IV) did not show evidence of worsened placental health or fetal growth compared to those with lower risk (mWHO I, II).
Moderating effects of age on the relationship between physical functional decline and depressive mood postacute care in Japanese older hospitalized patients
Authors: Shinozaki Mio , Gondo Yasuyuki , Satake Shosuke , Tanimoto Masanori , Yamaoka Akiko , Takemura Marie , Kondo Izumi , Arahata Yutaka
Published: August 2022

Background: There are no consistent findings on the relationship between physical health loss and mental health in highly frail older adults. This study aimed to clarify whether mental health is preserved in older patients with advanced frailty and whether aging is advantageous for psychological adjustment to physical health loss.Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from 590 hospitalized patients aged 65 years or older immediately after their transfer from an acute care ward to a community-based integrated care ward. Depressive mood, postacute care objective physical function, self-rated physical health, and cognitive function were assessed through established questionnaires and observation, whereas the preadmission objective physical function was assessed by family members. After conducting a one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis by age groups for the main variables, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted with depressive mood as the dependent variable, health-related variables (objective physical function and self-rated physical health) as independent variables, age as a moderator variable, and cognitive function and preadmission objective physical function as control variables.Results: The mean score for depressive mood was 6.7 ± 3.8. Depressive mood showed a significant negative correlation with objective physical function in the younger age groups but no association was found between them in the older age groups. Moreover, there was a moderating effect of age on the relationship between health-related variables (objective physical function and self-rated physical health) and depressive mood. As physical function declined, depressive mood increased in younger patients, but no such association was found in older patients. Additionally, the higher self-rated physical health was associated with a lower depressive mood, but the association was stronger for older patients.Conclusions: The increasing depressive mood was inevitable in frail older patients after acute care. The finding, however, revealed that age has a moderating effect on the relationship between physical functional decline and depressive mood, indicating that aging is advantageous for their psychological adjustment to physical health loss in frail older adults.
Experimental research on new hole-making method assisted with asynchronous mixed frequency vibration in TiBw/TC4 composites
Authors: Zhou Haojie , Feng Yong , Xu Weiwei , Zhou Zhiyuan , Qin Yuyan , Jia Xiaolin
Published: August 2022

With the gradual promotion and the application of difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium matrix composites in the aerospace field, high-quality hole-making technology has become a major demand in aviation manufacturing. In order to improve the hole-making quality of TiBw/TC4 composites, asynchronous mixed frequency vibration assisted hole-making (AMFVAHM) method is proposed. The process consists of two steps which are base hole drilling assisted with ultrasonic vibration (UVAD) and hole expansion by helical milling assisted with low-frequency torsional vibration (LFTVAHM). Based on this process, the cutting trajectory modeling is established, and the hole-making experiment on TiBw/TC4 composites is conducted. The experimental data shows that the maximum XY-plane average milling force decreases by 30.96 % and the maximum axial average milling force decreases by 24.49 % compared with conventional helical milling (HM) when the torsional vibration frequency and the milling frequency are the same in LFTVAHM. The hole-making experiment shows that AMFVAHM can reduce the chip size, tool wear and some other defects such as entrance/exit burrs, scratches and fractures of the hole wall. Comparing with HM and UVAD, the verticality of hole wall increases by 71.43 % and 86.21 %, the inlet damage decreases by 27.98 % and 31.60 %, the outlet damage decreases by 2.80 % and 14.47 %, the hole wall roughness (Ra) decreases by 36.29 % and 63.43 %, and the maximum white layer thickness decreases by 19.99 % and 67.66 %. Meanwhile, AMFVAHM process not only reduces the cutting force and cutting temperature, but also improves the hole-making quality due to the fretting friction effect of LFTVAHM in secondary hole expansion, which meets the need of high-quality hole-making of difficult-to-machine materials in practical engineering applications.
Molecular analyses of chorionic-type intermediate trophoblastic lesions: Atypical placental site nodules are closer to placental site nodules than epithelioid trophoblastic tumors
Authors: Jeremie Gaspard , Allias Fabienne , Trecourt Alexis , Gaillot-Durand Lucie , Bolze Pierre-Adrian , DESCOTES Françoise , TONDEUR Garance , Perrot Jimmy , Hajri Touria , YOU Benoit , GOLFIER François , Lopez Jonathan , Devouassoux-Shisheboran Mojgan
Published: August 2022

Gestational trophoblastic diseases derived from the chorionic-type intermediate trophoblast include benign placental site nodule (PSN) and malignant epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT). Among PSN, the WHO classification introduced a new entity named atypical placental site nodule (APSN), corresponding to an ETT precursor, for which the diagnostic criteria remain unclear, leading to a risk of over-diagnosis and difficulties in patient management. We retrospectively studied 8 PSN, 7 APSN and 8 ETT to better characterize this new entity. We performed an immunohistochemical analysis (p63, hPL, Cyclin E, and Ki67), a transcriptional analysis using the Nanostring method to quantify the expression of 760 genes involved in the main tumorigenesis pathways, and a RNA sequencing to identify fusion transcripts. The immunohistochemical analysis did not reveal any significant difference in Cyclin E expression between the three groups (p = 0.476), whereas the Ki67 index was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in ETT compared to APSN and PSN samples. None of the APSN samples harbored the LPCAT1-TERT fusion transcripts previously reported in ETT. The transcriptomic analysis allowed robust clustering of ETT distinct from the APSN/PSN group but failed to distinguish APSN from PSN. Indeed, only seven genes were differentially-expressed between PSN and APSN samples, CCL19 upregulation and EPCAM downregulation were the most discriminating features of APSN. In contrast, 80 genes discriminated ETT from APSN, establishing a molecular signature for ETT. Gene set analysis identified significant enrichments in the DNA damage repair, immortality and stemness, and cell cycle signaling pathways when comparing ETT and APSN. These results suggested that APSN might not represent a distinct entity but rather a variant of PSN or a transitional stage between PSN and ETT. RNA sequencing and the transcriptional signature of ETT described herein could serve as triage for APSN from curettage or biopsy material, enabling the identification of the cases that need further clinical investigations.
Efficacy of a Probiotic and Herbal Supplement in Models of Lung Inflammation
Authors: Wenger Nancy M. , Qiao Luhua , Nicola Teodora , Nizami Zoha , Xu Xin , Willis Kent A. , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Gaggar Amit , Lal Charitharth Vivek
Published: August 2022

Background
Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with lung disease through the gut-lung axis. Abundant proteobacteria increase MMP-9 and contribute to tissue proteolysis followed by neutrophil recruitment, lung tissue injury, and perpetuation of chronic lung disease. We sought to determine if a scientifically formulated probiotic and herbal supplement could attenuate neutrophilic inflammation and improve lung structure and function in models of lung inflammation.
Methods
For in vitro experiments, epithelial cells exposed to proteobacteria were treated with resB – a blend of three probiotic Lactobacillus strains and turmeric, holy basil, and vasaka herbal extracts. For in vivo experimentation, mice exposed to pulmonary proteobacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide were treated by gavage with resB.
Results
In vitro, the bacterial and herbal components of resB decreased activity of the MMP-9 pathway. Mice exposed to LPS and pre- and post-treated with resB had decreased neutrophil recruitment and inflammatory biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum, and lung tissue compared to untreated mice.
Conclusions
This study describes the mechanisms and efficacy of probiotic and herbal blend in pre-clinical models of lung injury and inflammation.
Characterizing the landscape of viral expression in cancer by deep learning
Authors: Elbasir Abdurrahman , Ye Ying , Schäffer Daniel , Hao Xue , Wickramasinghe Jayamanna , Lieberman Paul , Morris Quaid , Zhang Rugang , Schäffer Alejandro , Auslander Noam
Published: August 2022

About 15% of human cancer cases are attributed to viral infections. To date, virus expression in tumor tissues has been mostly studied by aligning tumor RNA sequencing reads to databases of known viruses. To allow identification of divergent viruses and rapid characterization of the tumor virome, we developed viRNAtrap, an alignment-free pipeline to identify viral reads and assemble viral contigs. We apply viRNAtrap, which is based on a deep learning model trained to discriminate viral RNAseq reads, to 14 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We find that expression of exogenous cancer viruses is associated with better overall survival. In contrast, expression of human endogenous viruses is associated with worse overall survival. Using viRNAtrap, we uncover expression of unexpected and divergent viruses that have not previously been implicated in cancer. The viRNAtrap pipeline provides a way forward to study viral infections associated with different clinical conditions.
LINC01798/miR-17-5p axis regulates ITGA8 and causes changes in tumor microenvironment and stemness in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Xuanguang , Zhu Guangsheng , Li Yongwen , Huang Hua , Wu Di , cao Peijun , Shi Ruifeng , Chen Chen , Su Lianchun , Zhang Ruihao , Liu Hongyu , Chen Jun
Published: August 2022

Integrins are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. ITGA8 encodes the alpha 8 subunit of the heterodimeric integrin alpha8beta1 protein; very little literature on the mechanism of this gene in the occurrence and development of lung cancer is available. Through the public database, we found that the expression of ITGA8 in tumor tissue was significantly lower than that in normal tissue, especially in lung cancer, renal carcinoma, and prostate cancer. In lung adenocarcinoma, survival analysis revealed that patients with higher ITGA8 expression had a better prognosis. ITGA8 was positively related to immune checkpoints genes and immunomodulators genes, whereas B cell, CD4 + T cell, CD8 + T cell, neutrophil, macrophage, and dendritic cell infiltration had the same correlation. Moreover, ITGA8 was negatively related to cancer stemness. Through the online database, we predicted the miRNAs and lncRNAs that regulated ITGA8 and obtained the regulatory network of ITGA8 through the correlation analysis and the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses, it was verified that LINC01798 regulated the expression of ITGA8 through miR-17-5p. Therefore, the regulatory network of ITGA8 may serve as a new therapeutic target to improve the prognosis of patients with lung cancer.
The effective analysis of percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy in the treatment of L4/5 intervertebral disc herniation
Authors: Zhang Bobo , Yang Yimin
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy in the treatment of L4/5 intervertebral disc herniation. This prospective study included 36 patients diagnosed with L4/5 intervertebral disc herniation between December 2018 and July 2020 who were scheduled to undergo minimally invasive surgery: group A underwent percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD), and group B underwent percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID), after which we analyzed the effectiveness of PEID in the L4/5 segment. A total of 36 patients with an average age of 32.1±14.7 years (16 to 65 years), and an average course of disease of 24.6±10.3 months (6 to 60 months), were enrolled. There was no difference in operation time between group A and group B (P>0.05). However, the average fluoroscopy time of group B was shorter compared to group A (P<0.05). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores of patients with low back pain and lower limb pain did not significantly differ between the two groups preoperatively, and 24 hours, 72 hours, 3 months, and 1 year after the operation (P>0.05); however, they all significantly improved (P<0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores between the two groups (P>0.05) preoperatively, and 3 months and 1 year after the operation; however, they all significantly improved (P<0.05). PEID is a safe and effective treatment method for L4/5 intervertebral disc herniation.
Urban flood mapping using Sentinel-1 and RADARSAT Constellation Mission image and Convolutional Siamese Network
Authors: Sorboni Nafiseh Ghasemian , Wang Jinfei , Najafi Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2022

Urban floods can affect people's lives and properties, therefore, urban flood mapping is crucial for reliable risk assessment and the development of effective mitigation strategies. With the advent of high spatial and temporal resolution satellite images, remote sensing has become popular for urban flood mapping. Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) sensors can capture image data during a flood event because their emitted signal can penetrate through the clouds. However, they have some limitations, such as layover, shadowing, and speckle noise, that might challenge their usage, especially for urban flood mapping. Deep Learning (DL) algorithms have been widely used for automatic urban flood mapping using remote sensing data, but the flood mapping accuracy achieved using SAR and DL algorithms is still uncertain. This paper proposes a DL-based change detection framework, Convolutional Siamese Network (CSN), for flood mapping in three urban areas: parts of Ottawa, ON and Gatineau, QC, Abbotsford, BC, and Leverkusen, Germany. The dataset applied were Sentinel-1 and dual-polarized RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) data. The applied data were captured in C-band, and their resolutions were 10m and 5m for Sentinel-1 and RCM, respectively. Comparison with other DL-based segmentation algorithms, including Unet, Unet++, DeepLabV3+, and Siamese-Unet, confirmed the reliability of the proposed CSN. It was inferred from the flood class accuracies that Sentinel-1 data medium resolution might hinder its application for urban flood mapping. Further, RCM data was also tested in both urban and and non urban areas, and a precision of 0.79 was achieved for the non urban case.
Community Managed Natural Farming: An Integrated Approach with Pre-Monsoon Dry Sowing Farming in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Mishra Brajaraja
Published: August 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Study on the Painted Clay Sculptures of Ming Dynasty in Jingyin Temple of Taiyuan, China
Authors: Bai Xiaojian , Xia Huiying , Wang Rui , Fan Wenqi , Shi Meifeng , Liu Qi , Xie Yuxin
Published: August 2022

The painted clay statues of Ming Dynasty in Grand Hall of Jingyin Temple not only boast exquisite design, unique style and complicated craftsmanship, but also have very high historical, artistic, scientific, social and cultural values. Unfortunately, damages in different forms were found since recent years and it is getting worse with the passage of time.For the reason, the comprehensive survey and scientific analysis of the statues of Ming dynasty of Jingyin Temple were conducted. In the survey, the structural features, the painting process, and historical characteristics of these statues were recorded in detail. In addition, a comprehensive study was performed on the materials and craftsmanship of the three painted clay statues by employing multiple analytical techniques, including polarized light microscope (PLM), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS), Raman spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), granulometry, etc. The result helps to reveal the moulding process of painted statues, and further provide novel information and a scientific basis for the mechanism research of cultural relic deterioration and the later restoration. It is hoped that this research can provide reliable basic information for studies in related fields.
The lymphatic system of the uterine cervix: towards a more precise definition of the drainage routes.
Authors: Weyl Ariane , Sanson Claire , Roumiguié Matthieu , Chaynes Patrick , Rimailho Jacques , Martinez Alejandra , Chantalat Elodie
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE Lymph node involvement in cervical cancer is a major independent prognostic factor for overall survival. The aim of our study was to examine the lymphatic drainage regions of the different parts of the cervix by an anatomical and radio-anatomical study. METHODSAn anatomical study of fresh cadavers was conducted by injecting patent blue in the anterior or posterior cervical lip. Drainage regions were thereby compared according to the injection sites. In parallel, a retrospective radiological and pathological study was conducted on patients who were treated for early-stage cervical cancer with lymph node involvement. Radiological analysis of pre-therapeutic MRIs and/or pathological analysis of surgical specimens showed the precise location of the tumour. A correlation between the anatomy of the primary lesion site and its lymphatic drainage was established.RESULTS We administered 8 cadaveric injections in the anterior cervical margin and 7 in the posterior cervical margin. For 100% of the anterior lip injections, lymphatic drainage was bilateral ileo-obturator (n=8/8) combined with bilateral parametrial drainage. For the posterior injections, there was never any ileo-obturator drainage, and 6 of the 7 (75%) posterior injections drained in the posterior uterine serosa. Among the 21 patients included, the radiological and pathological examination showed a non-significant tendency towards bilateral lymph node involvement when the tumour was located on the anterior cervical margin.CONCLUSIONThrough our study we were able to realize that the drainage of the cervix is not the same depending on the anterior or posterior location. This could have a major clinical interest in cervical cancer surgery.
A composite score based on immune-related gene prognostic index and m6A risk score of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Yizhou , Lin Zhixiong , Cai Zeman , Huang Kaichun , Li Mei , Wang Xiao , Lin Yinbing , Chen Sijie , Yang Zhining
Published: August 2022

Background:Immunotherapy has been demonstrated favorable in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Studies indicated that immune-related gene prognostic index (IRGPI) was a robust signature, and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation had a significant impact on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and immunotherapy of HNSCC. Thus, combining IRGPI with m6A status should offer a better predictive power for immune responses.Methods:HNSCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n=498) and Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE65858, n = 270) were used in this study. Cox regression analysis was used to construct the IRGPI through immune-related hub genes which were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The m6A risk score was constructed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis. Principal component analysis was used to construct a composite score, and systematically correlate subgroups according to TIME cell-infiltrating characteristics.Results:A composite score was determined based on IRGPI and m6A risk score. HNSCC patients in the TCGA were divided into four subgroups：A (IRGPI-High&m6A-risk-High, n=127), B (IRGPI-High&m6A-risk-Low, n=99), C (IRGPI-Low&m6A-risk-High, n=99) and D (IRGPI-Low&m6A-risk-Low, n=128), and overall survival (OS) was significantly different between subgroups (P< 0.001). The characteristics of TIME cell infiltration in the four subgroups were significantly different in subgroups (P< 0.05). The ROC curves show the predictive value of composite score for OS was superior to any other scores.Conclusions:The composite score is a promising prognostic signature which might distinguish immune and molecular characteristics, predict prognosis, and guide more effective immunotherapeutic strategies for HNSCC.
Postoperative outcomes of kidney stone surgery in patients with spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim John , Stewart Veronica , Talwar Gaurav , Uy Michael , Hoogenes Jen , Matsumoto Edward
Published: August 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with an increased risk of nephrolithiasis. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess stone clearance and complication rates following surgical treatment of kidney stones in this population. We systematically reviewed the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases for studies examining outcomes of kidney stone procedures in SCI patients. Our primary outcomes were stone-free rate (SFR) and complications, as categorized by Clavien-Dindo classification. A meta-analysis of comparative studies was performed to assess differences in outcomes between SCI and non-SCI patients following PCNL. A total of 27 retrospective and observational articles were included. Interventions for kidney stones included PCNL, shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), and ureteroscopy. Pooled SFR in SCI patients undergoing surgery for kidney stones was 54.1%, for SWL, 73.6% for PCNL, and 36.2% for ureteroscopy. Four studies compared outcomes following PCNL in SCI and non-SCI patients. Meta-analysis found that there were higher rate of grades I (OR 9.54; 95% CI, 3.06-29.79), II (OR 3.38; 95% CI, 1.85-6.18), and III-V (OR 2.38; 95% CI, 1.35-4.19) complications in SCI patients compared to non-SCI patients following PCNL. The rate of infectious complications was also higher in patients with SCI (OR 6.15; 95% CI, 1.86-20.39). However, there was no difference in SFR (OR 0.64; 95% CI, 0.15-2.64) between groups. Patients with SCI are at higher risk of complications following PCNL compared to non-SCI patients. SFR after PCNL was equivalent between groups, suggesting that PCNL is an effective surgery for kidney stones in SCI patients.
On locality of binary distance-optimal codes
Authors: Yang Ruipan , Li Ruihu , Fu Qiang , Yang Sen , Rao Yi
Published: August 2022

In modern large scale storage systems, locally repairable codes(LRCs) allow to improve the repair efficiency when node failure occurs. In this work, several new methods for constructing LRCs with small locality are discussed using generator and parity-check matrices approach. A large number of new LRCs have been found, which are all distance-optimal (d-optimal) or best known (BK). Based on the new obtained LRCs and known results, a database presenting all d-optimal (or BK) binary LRCs with relatively small locality where n≤40 is given. The majority of them are r-optimal or near r-optimal.
Comparison of Carotid Blood Flow measured by Ultrasound and cardiac output in Patients undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Bu Xinyi , Zhang Yong , Chen Lihai , Liu Jiacong , Zhao Yamei , Shi Hongwei , Ge Yali
Published: August 2022

In general, cerebral blood flow accounts for 10–15% of cardiac output (CO), of which about 75% was delivered through the carotid arteries. Hence, if carotid blood flow (CBF) is constantly proportional to CO with high reproducibility and reliability, it would be of great value to measure CBF alternatively to CO. The aim of our study was to measure CBF in different cardiac cycles by ultrasound: Systolic carotid blood flow (SCF), Diastolic carotid blood flow (DCF) and Total (systolic and diastolic) carotid blood flow (TCF). And to investigate the direct correlation between CBF and CO. Whether the above correlation persisted when CO < 3.5/min. Patients aged 65 to 80 years old, undergoing elective cardiac surgery were included in this study. CBF and CO were measured by ultrasound and TEE respectively at 5 min, 10 min, and 15 min after induction of anesthesia. For all patients, the correlation coefficients between SCF and CO, TCF and CO were 0.41, 0.32 respectively, which were statistically significant, but not between DCF and CO. When CO < 3.5L/min, there was no significant correlation between either SCF, TCF or DCF and CO. It is suggested that systolic carotid blood flow should be used as a better index to replace CO. However, when the patient's heart function is poor, it is not recommended to use, and the method of direct measurement of CO is essential.
High probability of successive occurrence of Nankai megathrust earthquakes
Authors: Fukushima Yo , Nishikawa Tomoaki , Kano Yasuyuki
Published: August 2022

Great earthquakes along the Nankai megathrust in south-western Japan features in the top priority list of Japan’s disaster management agenda. In May 2019, an alert system was incepted to issue public warnings when the probability of an earthquake occurrence along the Nankai megathrust becomes higher than usual. One of the cases that triggers the issuance of public warnings is when a great earthquake occurred and another one of the same scale is anticipated within a short period of time. Although such “twin ruptures” have occurred multiple times along the Nankai megathrust, the quantification of the probability of such twin ruptures has never been attempted. Based on global statistics and local earthquake occurrence history, we estimated the probability of a successive occurrence of two M8 or larger earthquakes within 3 years globally and along the Nankai megathrust to be 5.0%–18% and 4.3%–96%, respectively. The timing of the second earthquake followed the Omori–Utsu law in global statistics, which allowed the estimation of the probability for the successive occurrence of Nankai megathrust earthquakes in arbitrary time frames. The predicted probability for the one-week timeframe was 100–3,600-fold higher than that of the norm, endorsing the necessity for the warning scheme.
Evaluating the quality of public geocoding services for crime analysis in China
Authors: Wang Zengli , Yao Yunhan
Published: August 2022

Background
Crime researchers often use publicly available geocoding services to obtain crime locations and conduct subsequent analysis. The quality of these geocoding platforms has not been extensively investigated, especially in the crime research field. The match rate is often employed for this purpose, but this measures only absolute performance at a specified scale and cannot reflect the performance of a platform at different accuracy levels. By expanding match rate to multiple scales, we compared the quality of publicly available geocoding services in China.
Methods
In this study, we develop a set of evaluation metrics by clarifying the definition of the match rate and considering the multiscale characteristics of geocoding errors. To interpret the geocoding errors of addresses, the positional errors are classified into more detailed types in accordance with their topological relationships with mapping units. Using burglary addresses recorded in N city, the quality of the geocoding services provided by four mainstream online geocoding services in China are compared based on these metrics.
Results
The match rates of the four geocoding platforms are high enough to maintain the burglary distribution patterns at the subdistrict and district levels but cannot satisfy this need at the building level. Three of the four platforms can geocode enough addresses for spatial analysis at the community level, while Tencent cannot. For commercial addresses, the match rates of the four platforms for residential addresses cannot satisfy the needs of burglary mapping at the building level but can satisfy these needs at any other level. For residential addresses, Tencent is the only platform that cannot provide satisfactory results for community-level mapping. For gated community-level mapping, Baidu and Tianditu can provide marginally satisfactory results. Based on the accuracy levels provided by each platform, the applicability of the results at each level are further analyzed.
Conclusions
Although this study is limited by address type and data volume, the results suggest users to select appropriate geocoding service based on mapping unit sizes and address types. The results can also help users determine whether the geocoding result at certain accuracy level meet their needs. This research also provides guidance for address-based users beyond crime analysis.
New Sb 2 Se 3 based solar cell for achieving high efficiency -Theoretical modeling
Authors: ABDELKADIR Abdelaziz AIT , SAHAL Mustapha , OUBLAL Essaadia , Kumar Naveen , BENAMI Abdellah
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we presented a numerical study of a CdS/Sb2Se3 mono junction solar cell (SC) using the SC Capacitive Simulator (SCAPS-1D). We validated an experimental work using a variety of Sb2Se3 experimental parameters, and the results showed excellent agreement between numerical and experimental J-V curves, yielding a PCE of 7.54% .To continue, we analyzed the impact of Sb2Se3 thin layer thickness, charge carrier concentration, bulk defect density, and interface defect (CdS/Sb2Se3) on solar cell characteristics. With the optimum Sb2Se3 layer thickness of 1.2 m, carrier concentration of 10 15 cm-3 , bulk defect of 10 13 cm-3 , and CdS/Sb2Se3 interface defect densities of 10 10 cm-2 , we were able to attain an efficiency of 16.62%, Jsc = 35.38 mA/cm 2 , Voc = 0.66 V, and FF = 70.33%. Finally, we investigated the insertion effect of n-GaAs (ETL) and P +-CuO HTL (BSF) on Sb2Se3 solar cell efficiency. The novel ITO/n-CdS/n-GaAs/p-Sb2Se3/p +-CuO HTL/Au heterostructure achieved a huge efficiency of 19.60%.
Framework for Stock Market Prediction using Deep Learning Technique
Authors: Pandey Siddharth , Biswas Tarun , Kumar Santosh
Published: August 2022

The stock market is equivocal and unforeseeable because it heavily depends on several macros and micro factors of digital economical market. The aim of this work to solve the early classification problem for accurate prediction of the stock market using Two-Layered Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (TL-BLSTM) with transfer learning. The TL-BLSTM model is pre-trained with US-based S\&P 500 index data and further trained on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India such as India Tobacco Company Ltd. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. (ITC), Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. (ONGC), and State Bank of India (SBI). The performance of the TL-BLSTM model is tested and evaluated through three different training strategies using variants of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architectures based on Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). The proposed TL-BLSTM model considerably outperforms than existing RNN based models like LSTM, GRU, and Bidirectional architectures of a hybrid model with LSTM and GRU.
Splenomegaly (SPML) in polycythemia vera (PV): its clinical significance and its relation to symptoms, post-polycythemic myelofibrosis (PPMF) and survival
Authors: Silver Richard , Erdos Katie , Taylor III Elwood , Scandura Joseph , Abu-Zeinah Ghaith
Published: August 2022

Splenomegaly (SPML) in PV patients (pts) is sometimes considered a diagnostic hallmark, often associated with symptoms. SPML affected clinical trial design and influenced governmental approval of ropeginterferon α-2b. Whether SPML affects myelofibrosis-free and overall survival (MFS and OS) is unknown. We retrospectively studied these issues by querying spleen size, and correlating them with demographics, symptoms, marrow fibrosis, ELN/NCCN risk score, and MFS and OS.

Of 403 phlebotomy-dependent pts, we distinguished 176 pts (44%) diagnosed (DX) at onset of disease, from 227 (56%) presenting initially (PRES) after diagnosis elsewhere. At DX, 73% (128/176) had no SPML, indicating it is an uncommon marker. SPML pts at DX were younger. Only 11/374 pts had left upper quadrant discomfort. Constitutional symptoms at DX or PRES were frequent, regardless of spleen size, which did not correlate with ELN/NCCN risk scores. Marrow biopsy revealed fibrosis most often in pts at PRES with spleen enlargement, suggesting early onset myelofibrosis, but OS was the same.

We show that PV pts uncommonly have SPML at DX, rarely symptomatic, but often constitutionally symptomatic. Pts may require marrow biopsy, especially if spleen edge ≥5cm, to establish fibrosis/degree, which, if present, particularly in younger pts may require disease-modifying therapy.
Lower leg reconstruction after resection of a squamous cell carcinoma on necrobiosis lipoidica with a pedicled fibula and an extended anterolateral thigh flap – A case report
Authors: Bota Olimpiu , Meier Friedegund , Garzarolli Marlene , Schaser Klaus-Dieter , Dragu Adrian , Taqatqeh Feras , Fritzsche Hagen
Published: August 2022

Background: Extensive loss of soft tissue and bone due to neoplasia, trauma or infection in extremities often lead to amputation. Case presentation: We present the case of a 72 year old female patient presenting with an extended cutaneous scquamous cell carcinoma of the lower leg, developed on top of necrobiosis lipoidica. After achieving the R0 resection, a 26X20 cm soft tissue and 15 cm tibial bone defect resulted. The contralateral leg had been lost due to the same disease 18 years before. We achieved a successfull reconstruction of the leg using a pedicled fibula transplantation, an extended anterolateral thigh perforator flap and an internal fixation with plate and screws. Two years after the original surgery the patient is relaps-free and mobile, with adequate function of the reconstructed foot. Conclusions: Our case presented a unique combination of pedicled fibula transplantation and free extended ALT perforator flap to reconstruct an extensive defect after resection of a rare cSCC on top of NL. In selected cases, the boundaries of limb salvage can be pushed far beyond the current standards of treatment.