bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Singing the news in sixteenth-century cologne : the music broadsheets and pamphlets of Nikolaus Schreiber
Authors: Laube Matthew
Published: August 2023

Active in Cologne between 1563 and 1598, the German printer Nikolaus Schreiber was a prolific publisher of Neue Zeitungen ("new reports"), short pamphlets and broadsheets which conveyed news of current events in both prose and ballad formats. Schreiber's five publications of news songs, which previously have received only passing consideration by scholars, are analyzed and contextualized in relation to his larger body of news pamphlets, as well as Cologne's mixed confessional environment during the late sixteenth century.
Unauthorised printing is forbidden : a contribution on the authorship of texts appearing in 19th-century pilgrimage chapbooks dedicated to the Virgin Mary of Svatá Hora
Authors: Holubová Markéta
Published: August 2023

Within the wide range of printed books focusing on religious themes, an important role was played by pilgrimage chapbooks. Their primary task was to increase the prestige and popularity of pilgrimage sites and strengthen the promotion of pilgrimage cults among believers. Pilgrimage chapbooks, as a period medium, played an important role, since they mainly addressed the lower strata of the population. In the presented study we will try to analyse the results of research concerning questions of motivation and the social origin of their creators, and the way in which texts of pilgrimage chapbooks were created in the 19th century. Our attention will therefore be focused on issues that have so far stood outside the professional interest of experts. The basis of this analysis are the pilgrimage chapbooks dedicated to Panna Marie Svatohorská, i.e. the Virgin Mary of Svatá Hora (in English: "Holy Mountain"), one of the most revered pilgrimage cults in the Czech lands.
Song of a deaf-mute shepherd : a Czech broadside ballad between the oral and printed tradition : an interdisciplinary case study
Authors: Frolcová Věra , Kosek Pavel , Bočková Hana , Holubová Markéta , Slavický Tomáš
Published: August 2023

This is a case study of a critical edition and an analysis of one song from a collection of Czech broadside ballads published in the monograph To a Familiar Melody. The following text is an example of an interdisciplinary approach to Czech broadside ballads, combining insights from ethnology, ethnomusicology, linguistics, and literary history. Methodologically, it takes its starting point in twentieth century oral tradition accounts and historical retrospectives. The historical retrospective methodology traces the reception and variation of songs, the tradition of tunes, motifs, or elements of language in different social, territorial and media settings.
Comportamiento ambiental y actitud innovadora de los docentes de una universidad en México
Authors: Yanowsky-Reyes Guillermo
Published: August 2023

El estudio tuvo como objetivo general determinar la relación que existe entre el comportamiento ambiental y la actitud innovadora de los docentes de una universidad México, 2020 La población estuvo constituida por 115 docentes de universidad en Guadalajara, México. El tipo de investigación fue correlacional, el alcance fue descriptivo y el diseño fue no experimental, la técnica es la encuesta y los instrumentos utilizados fueron los cuestionarios. Los resultados establecieron que existe una relación directamente proporcional y negativa entre ambas variables dado que al presentar al 60% de docentes con un comportamiento ambiental negativo, también se presenta un 61% de docentes con una actitud innovadora negativa
An Update in Non-Nutritive Sucking Habit Cessation
Authors: Maloney Brian , Leith Rona
Published: August 2023

Statement of the problem

Non-nutritive sucking habits (NNSH) encompass a variety of comforting behaviours in children. While considered normal in early childhood, the persistence of these habits has the potential to cause adverse effects on dental and skeletal relationships in the permanent dentition. Several interceptive techniques to promote habit cessation have been recommended.

Purpose of the review

To update the dental practitioner on techniques recommended for cessation of NNSH in children and evidence of their efficacy.

Discussion

There are various interventions for NNSH cessation, including pacifier substitution, behavioural modification, orthodontic appliances, or aversive therapy. Psychological interventions were more likely to stop NNSH versus no treatment in the short and long term. Appliances were shown to be effective in stopping NNSH and demonstrated favourable effects on occlusion. There was no difference between alternative behavioural techniques. While there is insufficient evidence in support of a single intervention, these techniques demonstrate success when used alone or in combination to promote the cessation of NNSH.

Conclusions

Creating awareness of the treatment options available for managing NNSH may allow practitioners to work with families to establish early habit intervention, with options individualised to the patient. Further high-quality studies are needed to strengthen the evidence base surrounding techniques available for NNSH cessation in general practice.
Significant Variability in the Identification and Reporting of Band Neutrophils by Participants Enrolled in the College of American Pathologists Proficiency Testing Program: Time for a Change
Authors: Vergara-Lluri Maria , Kovach Alexandra E. , Nakashima Megan O. , Bradley Kyle T. , Mahe Etienne , Tsao Lawrence , Savage Natasha M. , Salansky Stephanie A. , Long Thomas , Perkins Sherrie L. , Hsi Eric D. , Pozdnyakova Olga , Bhargava Parul
Published: August 2023

Context.—

Increased band neutrophils in blood smear differential counts (“bandemia”) are entrenched in medicine as a flag for sepsis. However, laboratory hematology experts have long advocated for discontinuation of reporting bands separately from segmented neutrophils because of poor sensitivity and specificity, poor interobserver agreement, and availability of alternative biomarkers for sepsis.

Objective.—

To describe band neutrophil reporting practices and reproducibility of band classification among laboratories participating in the College of American Pathologists (CAP) proficiency testing (PT) program.

Design.—

A survey questionnaire was distributed to hematology PT participants. A subsequent morphologic challenge included 12 preselected cell identifications of segmented neutrophils, bands, and metamyelocytes, and a 100-cell manual differential count of a digitally scanned blood smear.

Results.—

Among laboratories that reported manual differentials, most respondents reported bands (4554 of 5268; 86.4%). Only 3222 of 4412 respondents (73.0%) provided band reference ranges. Though participants classified “easy” band neutrophils well (78.0%–98.3%), categorization of cell identifications for “moderate” and “difficult” bands was poor (3.1%–39.0% of laboratories), with classification instead as segmented neutrophils. This pattern was seen regardless of laboratory demographic characteristics. Marked variability in band counts was observed on the 100-cell differential count for both CAP PT participants and CAP Hematology and Clinical Microscopy Committee (HCMC) members (coefficients of variation, 55.8% and 32.9%, respectively). Variability was significantly improved when segmented and band neutrophils were grouped together (coefficients of variation, 6.2% and 5.0%, respectively).

Conclusions.—

Most CAP PT–participating laboratories report band counts, many without reference ranges. The survey confirms significant interlaboratory variability of band enumeration when bands are separately identified from segmented neutrophils. This study reaffirms the CAP Hematology and Clinical Microscopy Committee's strong recommendation to group segmented and band neutrophils together in manual differential counts.
Makna Harap-Harap Cemas dalam Qasidah Burdah
Authors: Anwar Rudi
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this article is to discuss the meanings contained in the Burdah Qasidah, specifically the poem of Al-Bushiri in verses 140-160, based on semiotic analysis. The method used to uncover the meaning of the poem is descriptive qualitative research, which will describe the hopes and anxieties conveyed in the Qasidah Burdah by Al-Bushiri. The object of this research is the verses found in lines 140-160, focusing on the concepts of fear (khouf) and hope (roja'), as well as regrets/worries. The research highlights Al-Bushiri's concept of hope and anxiety based on factual evidence. The results of the research indicate that the term "syi'ri" has a basic meaning of "poetry or poem," but has a relational meaning of sinful speech. On the other hand, the term "khidami" has a basic meaning of "service," but in a relational sense, it carries the meaning of sin caused by actions/body parts. There is also a paradigmatic meaning, where "syi'ri" signifies minor sins and "khidami" signifies major sins. The paradigmatic meaning of Al-Bushiri's poem in verses 140-160 is the phrase "lam tasytari ad diina bi ad dunya" which juxtaposes with "wa man yabiu aajilan minhu bi'ajilihi" and conveys the meaning of selling the hereafter for the worldly gains, buying the world with religious capital.
Stagnasi Agama dalam Pusaran Kapitalisme di Kabupaten Sumenep
Authors: Wilda Rasaili  , Octri Amelia Suryani  , Ilyasi
Published: August 2023

Contemporary issues persist throughout human history, prompting religion to participate and offer solutions to the prevalent problems. Religion must play a significant role in resolving humanitarian issues. The exploitative practices of the capitalist system and human alienation from society need to be confronted with a revolutionary understanding of religion. Islam, in particular, possesses a spirit of liberation to uplift and advocate for the oppressed. This research aims to examine the religious understanding of the Sumenep community amidst the development of capitalism and ongoing development. It also seeks to explore the role of religion in liberating individuals from various threats of globalization and shielding them from various forms of social sins. The research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, aiming to depict and summarize various conditions, situations, and variables that arise within society. To better understand the desired outcomes of this method, a social approach is employed. Consequently, liberation theology offers a paradigm to rectify the social system that has been damaged by various human-made systems and ideologies, in order to enhance the community's struggle in critically addressing these issues.
Potret Kepemimpinan dalam Islam
Authors: Dedi Eko Riyadi HS
Published: August 2023

This research is based on the author's concern in seeing the problematic condition of leadership today. Currently there are many Muslim leaders who use Islam as their distinctive identity, but they become political adventurers who are not moral. Not a few leaders appear in the midst of society with the slogan of fighting for Islam and Muslims, but act corruptly and embarrass Muslims in the midst of the public, with this research it is hoped that it can formulate the ideal character of a leader. This research method is library research with primary sources in the form of the book al-Ahkam as-Sulthaniyah by Abu Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Mawardi and secondary references in the form of books, scientific papers, articles and journals related to an-Nahdliyin style leaders. The results of the study stated that the Islamic leader Ala An-Nahdiyin was institutionalized to replace the role of prophethood in order to protect religion and regulate world life. Islamic leadership of Ala an-Nahdiyin should not rely on packaging alone, if in practice it has implemented the Islamic spirits then it can be said to be a form of Islamic leadership.
การพัฒนาฟิล์มอิมัลชันบริโภคได้จากโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองสกัดที่มีสมบัติซินไบโอติก
Authors:   , อาชายะนะ กมลชนก
Published: August 2023

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาผลของชนิดและความเข้มข้นของลิพิดต่อสมบัติของฟิล์มอิมัลชันจากโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองสกัด รวมทั้งพัฒนาฟิล์มอิมัลชันบริโภคได้จากโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองที่มีสมบัติซินไบโอติก ซึ่งแนวคิดของซินไบโอติกคือการใช้พรีไบโอติกที่เหมาะสมร่วมกับการใช้จุลินทรีย์โพรไบโอติก สำหรับการศึกษาผลของชนิดและความเข้มข้นของลิพิดต่อสมบัติของฟิล์มอิมัลชัน ในงานวิจัยนี้ได้แปรชนิดของลิพิดเป็น 2 ชนิด ได้แก่ น้ำมันรำข้าว และไขรำข้าว และแปรความเข้มข้นของลิพิดเป็น 4 ระดับ ได้แก่ 5, 10, 15 และ 20% โดยน้ำหนักของของแข็งโดยรวม พบว่าฟิล์มอิมัลชันมีสภาพให้ซึมผ่านได้ของไอน้ำ (water vapor permeability) และความสามารถในการละลายน้ำ (water solubility) ต่ำกว่าตัวอย่างควบคุมที่ไม่เติมลิพิด และโดยทั่วไปพบว่าตัวอย่างที่เติมน้ำมันรำข้าวมีสภาพให้ซึมผ่านได้ของไอน้ำที่ต่ำกว่าในขณะที่มีความสามารถในการละลายน้ำที่สูงกว่าตัวอย่างที่เติมไขรำข้าวที่ปริมาณเท่ากัน ด้านสมบัติเชิงกลพบว่าการเติมลิพิดส่งผลให้ฟิล์มมีความต้านทานแรงดึงขาด (tensile strength) และการยืดตัวถึงจุดขาด (elongation at break) ลดต่ำลง นอกจากนี้ฟิล์มอิมัลชันที่ได้ยังมีความโปร่งแสงลดลง จากการที่ฟิล์มที่เติมน้ำมันรำข้าวเข้มข้น 15% มีสภาพให้ซึมผ่านได้ของไอน้ำต่ำที่สุดจึงถูกคัดเลือกเพื่อนำมาพัฒนาเป็นฟิล์มบริโภคได้ที่มีสมบัติซินไบโอติกในขั้นตอนต่อไป ในการพัฒนาฟิล์มที่มีสมบัติซินไบโอติก ขั้นตอนแรกเป็นการศึกษาความสามารถในการใช้พรีไบโอติกของโพรไบโอติก จุลินทรีย์โพรไบโอติกที่ใช้ในการทดลองเป็นจุลินทรีย์ทางการค้า 2 สายพันธุ์ ได้แก่ Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc-37 และ Bifidobacterium animalis BB-12 พรีไบโอติกที่ศึกษาประกอบด้วยพรีไบโอติกทางการค้า 3 ชนิด ได้แก่ อินูลิน ออลิโกฟรุกโทส และพอลิเด็กซ์โทรส และสารสกัดจากพืชที่มีพรีไบโอติก (prebiotic-containing plant extract) 2 ชนิด ได้แก่ สารสกัดจากแก่นตะวันและกล้วยน้ำว้า พบว่าคู่ของโพรไบโอติกและพรีไบโอติกทางการค้าที่มีค่า prebiotic activity score สูงที่สุด ได้แก่ L. paracasei Lpc-37 และออลิโกฟรุกโทส ส่วนคู่ของโพรไบโอติกและสารสกัดจากพืชที่มีพรีไบโอติกที่มีค่า prebiotic activity score สูงที่สุด ได้แก่ L. paracasei Lpc-37 และสารสกัดจากแก่นตะวัน ขั้นตอนสุดท้ายเป็นการพัฒนาฟิล์มอิมัลชันบริโภคได้จากโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองที่มีสมบัติซินไบโอติก สำหรับฟิล์มอิมัลชันที่เติมพรีไบโอติก (ออลิโกฟรุกโทสและสารสกัดจากแก่นตะวัน) เข้มข้น 1% และ 2% ซึ่งมีจุลินทรีย์โพรไบโอติกเริ่มต้น 11 log10CFU/g พบว่าฟิล์มที่เติมพรีไบโอติกมีการอยู่รอดของจุลินทรีย์สูงกว่าฟิล์มที่ไม่เติมพรีไบโอติก อย่างไรก็ตามการอยู่รอดของจุลินทรีย์ไม่ขึ้นกับความเข้มข้นของพรีไบโอติกที่เติม โดยจุลินทรีย์โพรไบโอติกมีชีวิตรอดในฟิล์มที่ไม่เติมพรีไบโอติกเป็นระยะเวลา 11 วัน และ 15 วัน สำหรับฟิล์มที่เติมพรีไบโอติก ปริมาณเริ่มต้นของเชื้อ คือ 11 log10CFU/g ซึ่งในช่วงระยะเวลาการเก็บพบว่าฟิล์มมีปริมาณเชื้อลดลงเรื่อยๆ จากการทดสอบทางสถิติจะเห็นได้ชัดว่า ฟิล์มที่เติมสารพรีไบโอติกมีการอยู่รอดของเชื้อโพรไบโอติกสูงกว่าฟิล์มที่ไม่มีสารพรีไบโอติกในระยะเวลาที่เท่ากันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (p ≤ 0.05)
ผลของอุณหภูมิและระยะเวลาการเก็บรักษาต่อสมบัติทางเคมีกายภาพของข้าวเหนียว กข 10
Authors:   , เพชรสลับแก้ว อัชฌา
Published: August 2023

งานวิจัยนี้ศึกษาผลของอุณหภูมิและระยะเวลาการเก็บรักษาต่อสมบัติทางเคมีกายภาพของข้าวเหนียว กข 10 (Oryza sativa L.) ที่มีแอมิโลส 7.4% โดยนำข้าวเปลือกที่เก็บเกี่ยวใหม่ (≤ 1 เดือน) มาบรรจุในกระสอบพลาสติกสานและเก็บที่อุณหภูมิต่ำ (8 ± 2°C และ 76 ± 1% RH) นาน 12 เดือน อุณหภูมิห้อง (30 ± 2°C และ 58 ± 4% RH) นาน 7 เดือน และอุณหภูมิสูง (40 ± 3°C และ 37 ± 3% RH) นาน 5 เดือน สุ่มข้าวเปลือกในช่วงเวลาที่แตกต่างกัน มาวิเคราะห์คุณภาพการสี คุณภาพการหุงต้ม สมบัติของข้าวหุงสุก สมบัติด้านการเกิดเพสต์ของแป้ง สมบัติทางความร้อน และการกระจายน้ำหนักโมเลกุลของโปรตีน พบว่า ความชื้นของข้าวเปลือก ปริมาณข้าวต้น และดัชนีความขาวของข้าวสารที่เก็บที่อุณหภูมิ 40°C มีการเปลี่ยนแปลงมากที่สุด รองลงมาคือ 30 และ 8°C ตามลำดับ ในด้านคุณภาพการหุงต้ม พบว่า มีค่าเพิ่มขึ้นตามระยะเวลา ลักษณะเนื้อสัมผัสของข้าวหุงสุก พบว่า ความแข็งและความเหนียวติดกันมีค่าเพิ่มขึ้น ในขณะที่ความเหนียวที่เกาะติดกันของข้าวหุงสุกลดลงตามระยะเวลาการเก็บรักษา ในด้านสมบัติด้านการเกิดเพสต์ของแป้ง พบว่า อุณหภูมิที่เริ่มเกิดความหนืด ความหนืดสูงสุด และความหนืดที่เพิ่มขึ้นขณะทำให้เย็นมีค่าเพิ่มขึ้น ในขณะที่ความหนืดที่ลดลงขณะให้ความร้อนมีค่าลดลงตามระยะเวลาการเก็บรักษา และแป้งมีอุณหภูมิเริ่มเกิดเจลาติไนเซชัน อุณหภูมิที่เกิดเจลาติไนเซชันสูงสุด อุณหภูมิสุดท้ายของการเกิดเจลาติไนเซชัน และเอนทาลปีของการเกิดเจลาติไนเซชันเพิ่มขึ้น โปรตีนที่น้ำหนักโมเลกุลสูงมีสัดส่วนเพิ่มขึ้น แต่โปรตีนที่มีน้ำหนักโมเลกุลต่ำมีสัดส่วนลดลง โดยการเปลี่ยนแปลงต่างๆ เกิดขึ้นที่อุณหภูมิ 40°C มากที่สุด รองลงมาคือ 30 และ 8°C ตามลำดับ การวิเคราะห์สหสัมพันธ์แบบคาโนนิคอลแสดงให้เห็นว่า คุณภาพด้านการหุงต้มมีความสัมพันธ์กับสมบัติด้านการเกิดเพสต์มากที่สุด การวิเคราะห์องค์ประกอบหลัก (Principle Component Analysis)  สามารถแบ่งกลุ่มตัวอย่างตามอุณหภูมิเก็บรักษาได้เป็น 3 กลุ่ม นอกจากนี้ยังสามารถทำนายการเปลี่ยนแปลงดัชนีความขาวของข้าวสาร การดูดซับน้ำ ปริมาณของแข็งที่สูญเสียขณะหุงต้ม และการขยายปริมาตรของข้าวหุงสุกตามอุณหภูมิและระยะเวลาการเก็บรักษาได้ดีโดยใช้สมการ First order fractional conversion model และ Arrhenius relationship
ผลของอุณหภูมิต่อปริมาณกรดแกมมา-แอมิโนบิวทิริก องค์ประกอบของสารที่ระเหยได้และคุณภาพของข้าวกล้องงอกพันธุ์ชัยนาท 1 หุงสุกในรีทอร์ตเพาช์
Authors:   , ธรรมบัญชา วัฒนา
Published: August 2023

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาอิทธิพลของการแปรรูปด้วยความร้อน ต่อปริมาณกาบาองค์ประกอบของสารที่ระเหยได้ สมบัติทางเคมีกายภาพ และทางประสาทสัมผัสของข้าวกล้องงอก และการเปลี่ยนแปลงในระหว่างการเก็บรักษาของข้าวกล้องงอกพร้อมบริโภคบรรจุในรีทอร์ตเพาช์ โดยแปรอุณหภูมิที่ใช้ในการฆ่าเชื้อเป็น 115, 118 และ 121 oC กำหนดค่า F0 = 4 นาที พบว่าข้าวกล้องงอกหุงสุกในรีทอร์ตเพาช์ ที่อุณหภูมิฆ่าเชื้อ 121 oC มีปริมาณกาบาสูงที่สุด เมื่อศึกษาคุณภาพข้าวกล้องงอกหุงสุก พบว่าการใช้ความร้อนที่อุณหภูมิ 115 และ118 oC  ให้ข้าวกล้องงอกมีค่าสี ค่าดัชนีความขาว (WI) และค่าความแข็งของข้าวหุงสุกที่ใกล้เคียงกัน แต่จากการประเมินจากลักษณะปรากฏ พบว่าตัวอย่างที่ผ่านการฆ่าเชื้อที่อุณหภูมิ 118 oC มีลักษณะปรากฏที่ดีกว่าตัวอย่างอื่น คือเมล็ดข้าวสุกอย่างทั่วถึง ไม่แข็ง หรือเละ จึงเลือกสภาวะการฆ่าเชื้อที่ 118 oC ค่า F0 = 4 นาที เป็นสภาวะที่เหมาะสม จากนั้นศึกษาการเปลี่ยนแปลงคุณภาพของข้าวกล้องหุงสุกในรีทอร์ตเพาช์ในระหว่างการเก็บรักษาที่อุณหภูมิห้องเป็นเวลา 6 เดือน พบว่าเมื่อระยะเวลาการเก็บรักษาเพิ่มขึ้น ปริมาณกาบา และค่า WI ของข้าวกล้องงอกหุงสุกลดลง แต่ค่าความแข็ง (hardness) เพิ่มขึ้นอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (p≤0.05) จากการวิเคราะห์องค์ประกอบและปริมาณของสารที่ระเหยได้ ด้วยเทคนิคแก๊สโครมาโทกราฟี-แมสสเปกโทรเมทรี (GC-MS) พบว่าเมื่ออายุการเก็บรักษาเพิ่มขึ้น ปริมาณ hexanal (green, grass like odor) มีแนวโน้มเพิ่มมากขึ้น ซึ่งต่างจากปริมาณของ dimethyl sulfide (cooked corn odor) ที่มีแนวโน้มลดลงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (p≤0.05) จากการทดสอบทางประสาทสัมผัสของตัวอย่างที่ผ่านการเก็บรักษาเป็นเวลา 6 เดือน พบว่าคะแนนด้านความเข้มของสี กลิ่นหืน และความแข็ง-นุ่ม มีแนวโน้มเพิ่มขึ้น ซึ่งต่างจากคะแนนด้านกลิ่นธัญพืชที่มีค่าลดลงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (p≤0.05)
การจำแนกข้อความส่อเสียดในทวิตเตอร์ด้วยการใช้ความน่าจะเป็นของทวีต
Authors:   , ทาแป้ง กษิดิ์เดช
Published: August 2023

ข้อความส่อเสียดเป็นปัญหาหนึ่งในการประมวลผลภาษาธรรมชาติเนื่องจากข้อความส่อเสียดจะกลับขั้วความคิดเห็นของข้อความทำให้การวิเคราะห์ความคิดเห็นของข้อความผิดไปจากความเป็นจริง งานวิจัยนี้ได้เสนอวิธีจำแนกข้อความส่อเสียดออกจากข้อความปกติ โดยประยุกต์ใช้ความน่าจะเป็นของข้อความ และใช้ข้อมูลความคิดเห็นของผู้บริโภคเกี่ยวกับเครือข่ายอินเตอร์เน็ตเครือข่ายหนึ่งบนเครือข่ายสังคมออนไลน์ทวิตเตอร์ในการศึกษา โดยเก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลผ่านช่องทาง Advance Search API เริ่มตั้งแต่วันที่ 25 มกราคม 2553 ถึงวันที่ 9 มิถุนายน 2559 ทั้งสิ้น 4,027 ข้อความ จากนั้นจึงประมวลผลข้อมูลเบื้องต้นโดยตัดข้อความที่มีความซ้ำซ้อน URL ที่ปรากฏอยู่ภายในข้อความ เครื่องหมายแฮชแท็กรวมถึงข้อความแฮชแทก เครื่องหมายอ้างถึง (@) และชื่อบุคคลที่ถูกอ้างถึง ตัวอักษรหรือตัวเลขที่ปรากฏติดกันมากกว่า 3 ตัวขึ้นไปรวมถึงอักขระพิเศษต่าง ๆ ในการศึกษาแบ่งการทดลองออกเป็นสองส่วน ส่วนที่หนึ่งเป็นส่วนการประมวลผลโดยเครื่อง ในส่วนนี้ข้อความแต่ละข้อความจะถูกแบ่งเป็นคำ และแปลงให้อยู่ในโมเดล bigram ซึ่งจะใช้ในการคำนวณความน่าจะเป็นของข้อความโดยใช้วิธีภาวะความควรจะเป็นสูงสุด (Maximum Likelihood Estimation) ในส่วนที่สองกำหนดให้บุคคลจำนวน 5 คนประเมินข้อความแต่ละข้อความว่าข้อความนั้นเป็นข้อความส่อเสียด ข้อความปกติ หรือไม่สามารถระบุได้ แล้วนำคะแนนประเมินมาหาคะแนนความน่าจะเป็นเฉลี่ย แล้วนำความน่าจะเป็นของข้อความที่ได้จากการคำนวณโดยเครื่องและคะแนนความน่าจะเป็นเฉลี่ยที่ได้จากการประเมินของมนุษย์มาตรวจสอบระดับความสัมพันธ์โดยใช้สหสัมพันธ์ของเพียร์สัน จากผลการทดลองพบว่าค่า P-Value มีค่าเป็น 0.015 ซึ่งสรุปได้ว่าความน่าจะเป็นของข้อความที่คำนวณโดยเครื่องมีความสัมพันธ์ไปในทิศทางเดียวกันกับการจำแนกข้อความส่อเสียดโดยมนุษย์
Assessment Knowledge and Attitudes of Baghdad University Students’ toward Human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Mehdi Sarab , Al-Saffar Fatin
Published: August 2023

Objective(s): To assess Baghdad University students’ knowledge and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS, and to find outthe relationship of Baghdad University students’ knowledge and attitudes with certain variables (gender,socioeconomic status, field of study).Methodology: A descriptive analytic study was used to assess the knowledge and attitudes of Baghdad UniversityStudents’ toward HIV/AIDS. The study was conducted (November 1st 2012 to July 15th 2013). A non-probability(purposive sample) of 400 students (males-138 and females-262) were selected from four colleges and they werein the fourth class, a probability (stratified random) method was used to select four colleges at University ofBaghdad as a study setting. The data was collected for the present study through the self-filling technique by usingthe questionnaire that designed by the researchers. Validity through a panel of (16) experts and the reliability ofthe questionnaire is determined through the pilot study.Results: The findings of present study revealed that the majority of the study samples were female (65.5%),(45.0%) of them were at age 22 yrs. the majority of them (85.8%) were unmarried (single), (50.2%) of them werefrom scientific field, (32%) of them were selected from English language department, the vast majority (92.8%) ofthem were urban residency, the majority of them (41.5%) were from moderate & (41.0%) were from high socioeconomic class. The assessment of knowledge is not affected by demographic characteristic except (field of study,and department, as well as occupation of student’s father). Also the results showed that students’ knowledgeabout AIDS was good/ or adequate, as for their attitudes toward patients with AIDS were negative.Recommendations: The study recommended to increased students’ awareness through the mass media about therisks of this disease and how to prevent it. Increase lectures and discussions about HIV/AIDS that increasestudents’ information.
Assessment of Coping Strategies for Parents of Autistic Child and their relation to educational level
Authors: Lazam Mohammed , Al- Hemiary Nesif
Published: August 2023

Objectives: To assess the coping strategies of parents of children with autism and the relationship ofdifferent strategies with their educational level.Methodology: A descriptive analytical study was carried out from Feb. 14th, 2013 through April, 10th, 2013 inseveral private rehabilitation centers of autism in Baghdad city. A non- probability (purposive) sample of 100autistic children and 100 of their parents (father or mother) was assessed by a questionnaire which consisted oftwo parts; the first part is concerned with the demographic characteristics of the child and demographiccharacteristics of the parents; the second part consisted of 50 questions about coping strategies that weredistributed on 8 domains. The data were statistically analyzed by descriptive and analytical methods to findfrequency of the use of different coping strategies and their association with the educational level of parents.Results: Planned problem solving strategy was found to has the higher chance of use by parents of autisticchildren followed by seeking social support, whereas distancing strategy has the lower chance of use. Educationallevel of parents was significantly associated with the use of positive coping strategies.Recommendation: The study recommends the establishment of parents' self-help groups (support groups) andeducational programs for parents to improve their coping strategies.
Effects of Spontaneous Abortion on Women's Psychological Domain of Quality of Life
Authors: Fadhil Sarab , Ali Rabea
Published: August 2023

Objective: To find out the association between psychological domain of Quality of life with study variable(demographic &reproductive).Methodology: A descriptive Analytical study was conduct on Non-probability (purposive sample)of (200) womenwho have suffering from spontaneous abortion in maternity unit from four hospitals which include Al-Elwyiamaternity teaching hospital, and Baghdad teaching hospital at Al-Russafa sector. Al –karekh maternity hospitaland Al-Yarmook teaching hospital at Al-karekh sector. A questionnaire was used as a tool of data collection for theperiod of February 3rd 2013 to April 26th 2013 and consisted of four parts, including demographic, reproductivecharacteristics, and psychological domain of quality of life. A pilot study was carried out to test the reliability of thequestionnaire and content validity was carried out through the 20 experts. Descriptive statistical analyses wereused to analyze the data.Results :The results of the study revealed that (26.5%) of women their age range (25-29) years, (48%) within thenormal body weight,(27.5%)graduated from primary school, (25%) of their husband graduated from college orinstitute, (80%) housewives, (54.5%) of their husband were employee, (48%) within low category of socioeconomicstatus. And about the reproductive information (66%) of women were primi or multi gravida, and (25%) haveprevious two delivery, and (52.5%) have previous one abortion, also there are association between psychologicaldomain of quality of life and sociodemographic status(Age groups)at (p=0.006), and with reproductive parameters(gravid) at (p=0.031).Recommendations: The study recommended Conduct Structured Teaching Programmed (STP) to pregnantwomen's with history of miscarriage included meaning, causes, and prevention of miscarriage, and Reinforce therole of the psychological care for the women by primary health center. the study recommends to collaborativeaction can Ministry of Health take in distribution of awareness for women towards the problem by conducting abooklet or lectures about miscarriage.
Establish Growth Curve in Light of Body Mass Index for Infertile Women in Baghdad City
Authors: Ghafil Hawraa , Ali Rabea
Published: August 2023

Objective: To establish growth curve for a sample of infertile women and to assess Body Mass Index.Methodology: Non-probability (purposive sample) of (100) infertile women, who visit Kamal Al-SamaraeeHospital/ fertility and IVF center . The data are collected through the use of constructed questionnaire, whichconsists of two parts. Part 1: consists of (5) items about demographic characteristics, part 2: consists of (4) itemsabout reproductive status, descriptive statistical analysis procedures (frequency, percentage, Contingencycoefficients, polynomial cube order).Results: Revealed that the infertile women in the study group had decrease in their Body Mass Index with aging(with increase of infertility duration) and that related to their knowledge about the effect of obesity on theircondition and decrease the chance for pregnancy and reproduction.Recommendations: the study recommended that all the infertile women should be maintenance their weight andbecome within normal rang to avoid the infertility due to obesity.
The role of spiral Computerized Tomography in diagnosis of stroke
Authors: Mohammed Eman
Published: August 2023

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the role of spiral Computerized Tomography in the diagnosis anddetection the types of stroke.Methodology: One hundred sixty two patients (162) (99 males and 63 females) their ages ranging from (13 – 80)year, all of them are suffering from stroke. They were collected randomly from spiral Computerized Tomographyunit in Baquba Teaching hospital during the period from November / 2010 to December / 2011 .All the patientswere examined clinically and then done spiral Computerized Tomography examination.Results : The results of this study showed that the stroke effected different age groups and both sex but males ismore affected than the females .The results of spiral Computerized Tomography examination were 97 patient (59.9 % ) have ischemic stroke and 65 patient ( 40.1 % ) have hemorrhage stroke .Recommendation: The study recommended that great focusing to do the examination by spiral computerizedtomography if the patients have no contraindications for during examined with it because it has high accuracyand efficiency in diagnosis of the stroke, also recommended to do an educational programs to improve awarenessof society about the risk factors and early clinical features to help of early diagnosis and management of stroke.
Evaluation the Role of Clinical Pharmacist on Prevents or Reduced the Medication Error in Emergency Department
Authors: Bahaa Rana , Al_Sabagh May , Abbas Hassan
Published: August 2023

Objective: To identify the role and importance of the clinical pharmacist in the Emergency Department on preventor reduced the medication error.Methodology: We collected the medical file of 3400 patients, 1400 patient's file in (A) hospital, and 1000 patient'sfile in each of (B and C) hospital, who admitted to the ED, at primary weekdays between 8 am to 2 pm, andrecorded all the intervention made by clinical pharmacist through an active search in clinical charts, with analysisof the daily medical prescription. The potential severity of harm of the medication error judged by two reviewers,a permanent emergency physician, and clinical pharmacist based on the National Coordinating Council (NCC) ofMedication Error Reporting and Prevention error classification system.Results: Four of intervention that have the greatest incidence which represent the majority of the cases, and theywere related to: dosage 500 (38.7%), route of administration 300 (23.2%), frequency 100 (7.7%), andincompatibility 120 (9.3%). The severity of medication errors that was judged as potentially life threatening (67;5.1%), serious (135; 10.4%), significant (634; 49.1%), and insignificant (454; 35.1%). The acceptance to thepresence and intervention of pharmacist was as follow: senior physicians 75%, permanent physicians 20%, residentphysicians 77%, and nurses 30%.Recommendation: Hospitals should contemplate assigning well-trained knowledgeable, efficient and skilled EDclinical pharmacists to prospectively review medication orders whenever clinically possible. It is also recommendedthat each hospital performs acquainted analysis of medication errors occurring in its ED, in order to determinetheir origin and then establish the necessary ED-based clinical pharmacy services. The sets of actions needed toprovide such services, as well as the skills, which their ED pharmacists must possess or acquire in order to becapable of producing desired outcomes
Assessment of Directly Observed Therapy Short Course (DOTs) Program Therapy in Treatment of Tuberculosis in Al-Sader City 2003-2005
Authors: Almissar Ahmed , Rashid Buthaina , Rhaman Osama
Published: August 2023

Objectives: Assessment outcome of DOTS (Directly observed therapy short course) program in Al-Sader CitySector that was established by the WHO.Methodology: Three cohorts groups of patients attending Baghdad TB institute and TB center in Al-Sader citywere followed retrospectively. The 1st cohort included (314) patients registered in year (2003), the 2nd cohortincluded (327) patients registered in year (2004), the 3rd cohort included (321) patients registered in year(2005). The collected data were analyzed for case detection, treatment outcomes, retreatment outcomes,treatment success, and retreatment success in regard to time, age and sex.Results: The following rates were extracted for the three cohort: Case detection rate within 1st, 2nd, and 3rdcohort were (73.36%, 64.24%, and 71.49% respectively).Treatment outcomes (cured, completed treatment,defaulters, treatment failure, died and transfer out) of new smear positive patients within the 1st, 2nd and 3rdwere (71.7%, 12.7%, 10.2%, 3.5%, 1%, 1%), (64.8%, 19.9%, 0.9%, 7%, 0.6%, 6.7%) and (61.4%, 24%, 3.1%, 5.9%,0.6%, 5% respectively).Retreatment outcomes (cured, completed treatment, defaulters, treatment failure, diedand transfer out) within 1st, 2nd and 3rd cohort were (55.6%, 7.9%, 6.6%, 15.2%, 4%, 10.6%), (44.9%, 7.7%,2.6%, 21.8%, 4.5%, 18.6%) and (41.8%, 14.6%, 11.4%, 19.6%, 1.9%, 10.8% respectively. Treatment success ratewithin the 1st, 2nd and 3rd cohort were (84.39%, 84.7%, and 85.35%) respectively. Retreatment success ratewithin the 1st, 2nd and 3rd cohort was (63.57%, 52.56%, and 56.32%) respectively.Recommendation :Increase case detection rate through increase health awareness to the community aboutthe mode of transmission and risk of TB disease, Increase the training of health team so that they can follow upof patients at home, Increase follows up of defaulters to be able to deal with them and a study for relapsescases is recommended
The Gambia’s Higher Education Reform Requirements: Sub-Systemic Interrogation
Authors: Touray Yusupha , Adesopo Ayo
Published: August 2023

The study extracted data from experts, one from each of the higher education systems in The Gambia, Nigeria and Kenya, and two from two universities in England. The data was analysed qualitatively through coding and the identification of themes. These themes are the requirements for higher education reform, extracted through an empirical literature review. Besides other activities and structures, the expert interviews identified the need to establish specialised offices in the identified Gambian institutions to ensure the system's readiness for the reform process. These offices will include research and consultancy, shared financing through loan schemes, alumni engagement, internship and placements, quality assurance and enhancement of staff capacity, among other initiatives.
Colonial State and the Transformation of Inter-Ethnic Conflicts in Uasin Gishu County Up to 1963
Authors: Chebii Kiprono , Muchoki Francis , Moindi Kennedy
Published: August 2023

Inter-ethnic hostilities have persisted over a considerable duration on a worldwide scale, originating from socio-economic and political issues. Ethnic conflict has been extensively documented in several African countries throughout the continent, spanning from the pre-colonial era to the colonial period. The occurrence of this ethnic conflict can be attributed to the policies implemented by the colonial state. Hence, the principal aim of this research was to document and examine the extent of the colonial state's engagement in the endeavor of mitigating inter-ethnic conflicts in Uasin Gishu County, particularly during the era preceding 1963. The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of the colonial state on the development of inter-ethnic conflicts in Uasin Gishu County, specifically focusing on the period leading up to 1963. The research employed a historical methodology, incorporating primary and secondary data sources. The study incorporated a diverse range of primary data sources, such as annual reports, conclusions derived from appointed commissions, interviews conducted with key stakeholders, court judgments, and official government statistics. In addition, the study incorporated secondary materials. The sources encompassed a heterogeneous array of materials, including printed books, scholarly papers, and unpublished archival documents. The study was positioned within the existing body of literature by incorporating these sources. Land alienation and the subsequent establishment of settler farms coupled with setting up squiredom labour served to inadvertently lay the foundation for inter-ethnic friction. The study posits that the implementation of a holistic strategy that encompasses various actors from both the public and private domains is necessary to effectively tackle the root causes of disputes and avert their recurrence in subsequent instances. Simultaneously, it is imperative to enhance regulations to dissuade the political class from employing land issues as a tactic to incite ethnic differences and escalate tribal wars within the designated region. The output of this research is expected to have a positive impact on various stakeholders, such as historians, policymakers, political bodies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and religious institutions. The aforementioned findings have the potential to make a significant contribution to the promotion of peace and justice in Uasin Gishu and similar contexts.
Civil Society Associations and Political Participation: A Normative Exploration
Authors: Tripathy Ambuja Kumar
Published: August 2023

This paper aims to explore the relation between civil society associations and political participation in a normative framework. Civil society associations are widely regarded as the basis for citizen involvement and participation, and as the location for democratic action. There is an increasing scholarly recognition that associationalism is essential for a healthy democratic society for the reason that it tends to strengthen democratic political culture. Associations encourage citizens to take part in public discourse and civic projects. And, thus they shape civic engagement. Through such participation and communicative interaction, identity formation also takes place. Associational members, as a result, learn public-spiritedness and democratic art of participation. It leads us to the debate on ascriptive and voluntary associations in civil society. At the same time, the notion of associational dichotomy is much contested. It is argued that exploration of the link between civil society associations and political participation calls for a much more intricate analysis that would entail going beyond associational dichotomy, particularly in the Indian context. The research presented in this paper, based on analysis of some prominent and relevant theoretical conceptions, aims to contribute to the ongoing debate on the relationship between civil society, active citizenship, and democracy.
Impact of Information Technology Security System on Patronage of Private Beaches in Eti-Osa Local Government of Lagos State
Authors: Egere Augustine N. , Egere Chioma A.
Published: August 2023

Tourism is a significant contributor to the economic growth and cultural enrichment of Lagos State, particularly in the Eti-Osa Local Government area. Private beaches play a crucial role in coastal tourism development, attracting millions of visitors each year for business, leisure, and recreational purposes. However, the area faces several challenges such as over-congestion during peak periods, insufficient infrastructural facilities, pollution, and occasional flooding, which can affect the safety and security of tourists. To address these issues and ensure a safe and secure environment for visitors, the integration of robust information technology security systems is essential. This study aims to examine the relationship between IT security measures and the patronage of private beaches by exploring the perceptions and experiences of beachgoers and operators. A total of 150 valid questionnaires were collected from respondents of the two major beaches in the area, representing an average number of customers over time. The data were analyzed using percentages and descriptive statistics. The study found that most respondents agreed that adequate security systems would strengthen the security of the beach and increase their patronage, leading to referrals to the destination. The study recommended the monitoring and transmission of information using gadgets like Closed Circuit Television (CCTV), Walkie Talkies, and Electric Security Alarms.
Investigating the Impacts of Information and Communication Technology Systems in Conducting Population Census in Tanzania: A Case of National Bureau of Statistics
Authors: Matemba Jesca Dauson , Mwandosya Dr. Godfrey Isaac
Published: August 2023

This study investigated Impacts of ICT system in conducting population census in Tanzania. This study employed a quantitative research approach and a case study research design, the targeted population was 583 in which the sample size of 237 was obtained under simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected through questionnaires and was analyzed through SPSS V. 26. The findings show that overall performance of the ICT system in population census was 62.8%. Through multiple regression analysis a more specific function of ICT system on population census were determined, it was shown that the use of ICT system in the collection of the socio-demographic information had β = .138, p < .001), also on the Data Development and Dissemination it was shown that β = .061, p <, .003, lastly on the Monitoring and Evaluation provides that β =.539, p< .000. Therefore, it was concluded that there was a positive and significant relationship between the use ICT system and the performance of the population census in Tanzania. The study examined the roles of effective census information on national development in which it was revealed that census information facilitates the allocation of the government resources, determine the size of population the country has in order to forecast if the amount of money that is provided by the government for development effort is sufficient. The study recommends the provision of effective measures to ensure the security and privacy of the information collected so that it cannot be mismanaged and misappropriated.
Seriously, though, what are we going to do about privately held specimens?
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: August 2023

Matt and I are writing a paper about  Barosaurus  cervicals (yes, again). Regular readers will recall that the best  Barosaurus  cervical material we have ever seen was in a prep lab for Western Paleo Labs. We have some pretty good photos, such as this one:  Barosaurus  cervical vertebra lying on its right side in anterodorsal view (i.e. with dorsal to the left), showing the distinctive shape of the prezygapophyseal rami.
After 24 years, when will academic culture finally shift?
Authors: Brembs Björn
Published: August 2023

It’s now been 24 years since Stevan Harnad sparked the open access movement by suggesting in his “subversive proposal” in 1994 that scholars ought to just publish their scholarly articles on the internet: Since then, we have been waiting on the behavior of scholars to change, such that all our works indeed become accessible.
The scholarly commons: from profiteering to servicing
Authors: Brembs Björn
Published: August 2023

These days, many academic publishers can be considered mere Pinos: ‘Publishers in name only’. Instead of making scholarly work, commonly paid for by the public, public, as the moniker ‘publisher’ would imply, in about 80% of the cases, they put them behind a paywall.
Dopamine in optogenetic self-stimulation and CRISPR editing of FoxP
Authors: Brembs Björn
Published: August 2023

This year we have two posters at the SfN meeting in sunny San Diego, Ca. The first poster is on Sunday morning, Nov.
Why open access Big Deals are worse than subscriptions
Authors: Brembs Björn
Published: August 2023

Notwithstanding the barrage of criticisms and warnings from every corner of the scholarly community, various initiatives, mainly in the Netherlands, Finland, Germany, France and the UK, continue their efforts for a smooth transition from subscriptions to open access without any further disruptions.
New book chapter: challenges of studying dental cementum in deciduous teeth
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: August 2023

A new book is out from Cambridge University Press,  Dental Cementum in Anthropology  , edited by Stephan Naji, William Rendu, and Lionel Gourichon.
7 functionalities the scholarly literature should have
Authors: Brembs Björn
Published: August 2023

As a regular user of the scholarly literature since before the internet (I started reading primary scientific literature for a high-school project around 1989), I have closely followed its digitization.
New paper: pneumatic diverticula in the neural canals of birds
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: August 2023

Morphological variation in paramedullary airways; yellow = spinal cord, green = diverticula. The spectrum of variation is discretized into four groups:  i  , branches of intertransverse diverticula contact spinal cord at intervertebral joints;  ii  , branches of intertransverse diverticula extend partially into the vertebral canal, but remain discontinuous;
Data structures for Open Science
Authors: Brembs Björn
Published: August 2023

For the last few years, we have been working on the development of new

Drosophila

flight simulators. Now, finally, we are reaching a stage where we are starting to think about how to store the data we’ll be capturing both with Open Science in mind, but particularly keeping in mind that this will likely be the final major overhaul of this kind of data until I retire in 20 years.
Maybe try another kind of mandate?
Authors: Brembs Björn
Published: August 2023

Over the last ten years, scientific funding agencies across the globe have implemented policies which force their grant recipients to behave in a compliant way. For instance, the NIH OA policy mandates that research articles describing research they funded must be available via PubMedCentral within 12 months of publication. Other funders and also some institutions have implemented various policies with similar mandates.
Take Off: preprints on COVID-19
Authors: Royle Stephen
Published: August 2023

I’m posting this the morning after generating a graph, and it’s already out-of-date. During the worldwide COVID-19 outbreak, preprint servers such as bioRxiv and medRxiv have again shown that they are the most effective way of communicating science rapidly. A collection of all papers on COVID-19 deposited on these two servers is available here, and it is growing daily.
Sauro-throat, Part 2: Dolly in 3D
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: August 2023

Okay, this is cool: with the help of Ryan Ridgely, my coauthor* Larry Witmer used the CT scans of the two best infected vertebrae of Dolly to create 3D models, which are now viewable on Sketchfab. (See the announcement post about Dolly here, and our open-access paper on her pathological vertebrae here.) *Yes, it is super-awesome to have Larry as a coauthor, after almost a quarter-century of admiring his work and standing on his shoulders.
Fossae/foramina in the articular surfaces of turkey vertebrae
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: August 2023

I was looking more closely at the turkey skeleton from my recent post, and zeroed in on the last two dorsal (= thoracic) vertebrae. They articulate very well with each other and with the first vertebra of the sacrum, with the centra and zygapophyses both locking in so that there can only have been very little if any movement between them in life.
Voice Your Opinion: naming your lab
Authors: Royle Stephen
Published: August 2023

There are perennial topics of discussion on Science Twitter. An example of this is: should figures be at the end of a manuscript are interspersed in the text. These topics tend not to be resolved because there are strong arguments (and personal preferences) on each side. I am not sure whether it is even possible to get people to agree with you using reasoned argument on Twitter.