bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FACTORS AFFECTING PRAGMATIC TRANSFER TO FOREIGN LEARNERS
Authors: Kamsinah Kamsinah  , Nurasia Natsir  , Nuraziza Aliah  , Ainun Fatimah
Published: December 2022

Pragmatic transfer is currently the subject of research by many researchers. Sociopragmatic and linguistic pragmatic factors were discovered as aspects influencing practical transfers. The aim of this study is to examine the aspects that drive the development of pragmatic transfer. This study used the discourse completion test. This required interviewing 33 of his English students and 33 of her Arabic students. This research shows that there is a psychoparagmatic dimension to how foreign language learners use and influence the language they are learning in interacting with others. By observing the psychology of the languages ​​spoken by Arabic and English students in UIN Alauddin Makassar, the mental-practical aspects that were the focus of the researcher's analysis of this study were found to be social-practical. It had the same effect as the physical aspect.
DIGITALIZASION OF ENGLISH LEARNING MEDIA AT UNIVERSITY OF MAHKOTA TRICOM UNGGUL (CASE STUDY)
Authors: Roni Juliansyah  , Rosihan Arbi Said  , Masniati Murni Ritonga
Published: December 2022

Various changes in English curriculum starting from the audio-lingual method to the communicative competence used today have not been able to improve students' English skills. The teacher-centered pattern that has changed to student-centered has also not been able to provide significant changes to student learning outcomes at the university level. This study was conducted to investigate the digitalizaton of English Learning at University of  Mahkota Tricom Unggul which was troubled in shiffting the learning landscape from offline to online or digital based. It would be done by applying qualitative research. The data was taken from interview of English lecturers and EFL students majoring from D-3 Akuntansi and S-1 Managemen. The interview questions were settled as well based on the digitalization in English Learning and the Problem they met. After analysing the data, it was found that the students commonly used  e-learning, Zoom and Whatsapp. E-learning was used by them for creating and sharing the material of the study, Zoom was used for undergoing a class meeting and whatsapp was used to accomodate interaction behind the teaching learning time. The most common problem that they faced in running this digitalization was that the limitation of the digital media device, less internet connection up to less learning system management.
Discrimination Against Mulatto as Reflected in Faulkner’s Light in August
Authors: Tini Mogea  , Salaki Reynaldo Joshua
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to reveal discrimination in Faulkner’s  Light in August. This study is qualitative, which means that the data are in the form of words, thus the data got from the novel and other books are relevant to this research. In analyzing the data, the writer uses a mimetic approach in order to reveal discrimination in Light in August.  The findings show that when slavery was embodied, these freed blacks did not automatically obtain equal rights as the whites. The white Americans have treated the blacks unequally. They have excluded the blacks from the white orphanage, schools, and colleges. Besides, they do not allow people of mixed parentage to enter the white school. People of mixed parentage, in spite of their white skin, are regarded as blacks and therefore should enter the black school. In employment, white Americans often refuse to hire black workers because of their racial prejudice of blacks as lazy, lacking in initiative, inferior and untrustworthy. In law enforcement, African Americans receive unequal legal protection. White Americans may cheat, strike, and even kill the blacks but black Americans may not. When a black man kills a white man, he will soon be sentenced to death or lynched. The blacks receive harsher sentences than white Americans and they are easily sentenced to death or lynched. White racism may destroy all the aspects of American life such as politics, culture, social relations, education, employment, and legal protection because it will array white and black Americans against each other which could eventually destroy the social structure of the United States.
Analysis Life Values From Habibie And Ainun Novels
Authors: Audry Putri Callista  , Marudut Bernadtua Simanjuntak
Published: December 2022

This book tells the story of the life of a Habibie who has a big dream, namely to build an airplane as a dedication to Indonesia, and the life story of Ainun, a young, intelligent doctor. They are reunited and fall in love with each other until the end of their lives. They went through various life journeys together, to get a lot of life values that can be learned from the story. This book is based on the true story of Indonesia's third president. The stories they tell inspire many people from various aspects of life. This book was written by the President of Indonesia, namely Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie. The purpose of this study is to find out the meaning of the values contained in the book. This study uses the narrative method to find out the values of life.
Representation of Standard Language on The Dilan Characters in The Novel "Dilan 1990"
Authors: Cahyani Dara  , Marudut Bernadtua Simanjuntak
Published: December 2022

Dilan is 1990’s novel by Pidi Baiq. The novel, which was published by Pastel Books in 2014, was able to achieve maximum sales, especially in terms of youth segmentation. This can be seen from the high enthusiasm of young people toward Dilan's novels. It is not surprising that the novel can attract readers, judging by the interesting and simple story ideas as well as the humorous and romantic demeanor. In addition, the storyline of the characters in it can be told very well by the author accompanied by dialogue, and the words in it are written using standard language characters and accents. Thus, this writing is structured based on the aim of presenting the use of standard language for the character Dilan in the novel Dilan: Dia is Dilanku in 1990. The writing method used to support this writing is using a qualitative method.
STUDENT COMMUNICATION ETHICS WITH THE TEACHERS OF DAYAH JAMIAH AL-AZIZIYAH SAMALANGA (Perspective of Islamic Communication Ethics)
Authors: Arahman Zulfikar , Muhibuddin Muhibuddin , Muhammad Aminullah
Published: December 2022

This study examines the Ethics of Communication between students and the teacher at Dayah Jamiah Al-Aziziyah Samalanga, where as in this study will discuss the forms and ethics of communication that exist between students and the teacher. Communication between the students and the teacher of Dayah Jamiah Al-Aziziyah is definitely established on various occasions, so that there is no activity without communication. But the communication that is established is still limited to the form of communication that has not led to ethics in communication, even though communication ethics is something very important in the communication process. So, the focus of this research is on how the ethics of communication between students and the teacher at Dayah Jamiah Al-Aziziyah Samalanga. This study uses qualitative research with the type of field research, namely a field study that examines the ethical issues of communication between students and the teacher in the perspective of Islamic communication. The data collection technique was carried out by observing, interviewing and documenting the ethics of communication between students and the teacher in various aspect. This study aims to determine the ethics of communication between students and the teacher at Dayah Jamiah Al-Aziziyah Samalanga, where the communication ethics used are very good and perfect. With good communication ethics between students and the teacher, it is easier to establish communication because they take care of each other in communicating. Communication ethics is one aspect that needs to be considered in communicating with anyone, including communication between students and the teacher at Dayah Jamiah Al-Aziziah.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN THE FAMILY ENVIRONMENT (PHENOMENOLOGY STUDY OF OYSTER MUSHROOM INDUSTRY CENTERS IN SEMPU DISTRICT, BANYUWANGI REGENCY)
Authors: Rizatul Khulaifa  , F. Danardana MurwaniMurwani  , Aniek Indrawati
Published: December 2022

To realize the entrepreneurial mindset, entrepreneurship education is needed to produce reliable and qualified entrepreneurs, where the family is the closest person who can provide such education. This study aims to determine how the process of entrepreneurship education in the family, knowing the cultivation of entrepreneurial spirit in children in the family, as well as knowing the constraints and obstacles to the process of entrepreneurship education in the family at the oyster mushroom industry centers Sempu District, West Java. The type of research used to achieve this goal is a type of qualitative research with phenomenological methods. The results showed that the application of entrepreneurial values in some families has been carried out, as seen by some children who participated in helping their parents ' businesses. The conclusion of this research is the application of entrepreneurial values in some family's oyster mushroom centers in the district Sempu has been implemented, but although the application of entrepreneurial values in the family in this community has been implemented, the understanding of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial values have not been fully understood
TINJAUAN JOB DESCRIPTION STAFF CUSTOMER SERVICE TERHADAP TINGKAT KUALITAS PELAYANAN DI PT ROSALIA INDAH TOUR & TRAVEL SLAMET RIYADI
Authors: Dewi Amelia Lestari
Published: December 2022

Dilihat dari segi semakin padatnya penduduk serta kebutuhan yang semakin tinggi, menjadikan daerah Surakarta dan sekitarnya menjadi potensi pasar tersendiri untuk industri transportasi. Salah satu perusahaan transportasi secara nasional yang berada di wilayah Surakarta adalah PT Rosalia Indah Tour & Travel Slamet Riyadi. Selama ini belum diketahui pelaksanaan job description staff customer service di PT Rosalia Indah Tour & Travel Slamet Riyadi dan tingkat kualitas pelayanan di PT Rosalia Indah Tour & Travel Slamet Riyadi, padahal saat ini kompetitor semakin banyak dan berkembang. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode kualitatif dimana metode pengumpulan data dengan melakukan observasi, studi pustaka, dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini antara lain: Pertama, bahwa job description staff customer service terdapat 15 point sesuai dengan dokumen job description staff customer service di PT Rosalia Indah Tour & Travel Slamet Riyadi. Kedua, pelaksanaan mengenai job description staff customer service ada 76,7 % menjawab sudah melaksanakan dan 23,3 % menjawab kadang-kadang melaksanakan. Sedangkan penilaian pelaksanaan job description staff customer service dapat diketahui bahwa ada 2 (100%) orang staff (Customer Service) yang sudah melaksanakan job description. Ketiga, prosentase tingkat kualitas pelayanan di PT Rosalia Indah Tour & Travel harapan dari segi mutu, proses dan service sangat penting 49,3%, penting 50,2% dan kurang penting 0,4%. Sedangkan untuk prosentase kenyataan dari segi mutu, proses dan service sangat baik 30,2%, baik 64% dan kurang baik 4,4%.
PERAN PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI BUKIT LAWANG
Authors: Handana Sembiring  , Nindya Azzahra  , Siti Hamizah Harahap  , Juliana Nasution
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan melihat infrastruktur bentuk fasilitas umum terhadap pola perkembangan pariwisata di daerah provinsi Sumatera Utara terkhusus Kabpaten Langkat. Data yang di gunakan yaitu data valid, baik dari data dari pemerintah melihat pembangunan yang dilakukan, pengunjung wisatawan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terlihat progres yang cukup baik, hanya saja di pembangunan yang dilakukan belum maksimal sehingga sarana yang dipakai sebagai penunjang pariwisata belum sesuia yang diharapkan. Harapan kedepannya semua pihak terkait pembangunan Insfrastruktur maupun pariwisata bisa menjalankan program pembangunan untuk kawasan yang mendominasi perkembangan.
DIKSI DAN MAJAS DALAM KUMPULAN PUISI TENTANG PERJUANGAN KARYA TAUFIK ISMAIL: KAJIAN STILISTIKA
Authors: Fika Tresnawati
Published: December 2022

Menelaah lebih lanjut mengenai   diksi   dan   majas   serta   fungsinya dalam   kumpulan   puisi Perjuangan  karya  Taufik Ismail.  Tujuan  penelitian ini  yaitu  untuk  mengetahui penggunaan  diksi  dan  majas  serta  fungsinya.  Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah  pendekatan  stilistika. Didasari dengan data  penelitian deskriptif  yang  berupa  frasa,  kata,  dan  kalimat  dalam  kumpulan puisi  Perjuangan  karya  Taufik Ismail.  Hasil  penelitian  membuktikan  adanya  wujud penggunaan diksi dan majas serta fungsinya. Diksi yang dimaksud seperti kata yang digunakan yang memiliki makna dan maksud tujuan yang berbeda. Majas  yang  dimaksud  seperti alegori, sinestesia, dan retorik.
PENGGUNAAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI APLIKASI KOMUNIKASI “ZOOM MEETING” DALAM WUJUD BENTUK LINGUISTIK
Authors: Apok Sujaji
Published: December 2022

Menarik dikaji secara lingusitik pada Penggunaan bahasa Indonesia di aplikasi komunikasi Zoom Meeting, khususnya Sosiolinguistik Terapan. Diantaranya, pilihan kata, proses pembentukan kata- katanya, pola penyingkatan kata, pencampuran kode serta sebabnya, serta wujud bentuk linguistik. Tulisan ini kajian dibatasi dengan wujud bentuk linguistiknya. Pada Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan tentang wujud bentuk linguistik ditemukan dalam penggunaan bahasa Indonesia di aplikasi Zoom Meeting. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dengan data primer yang langsung didapatkan dari sumber data yaitu penggunaan bahasa Indonesia dalam aplikasi Zoom Meeting. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode simak yang dibantu dengan teknik dasar sadap dan teknik catat sebagai teknik lanjutan. Selanjutnya, data dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif  dengan dasar paradigma metodologis induktif. Artinya, suatu paradigma yang bertolak dari sesuatu yang khusus ke sesuatu yang umum. Hasil penelitian disajikan dengan metode formal dan informal. Wujud bentuk linguistik yang ditemukan dalam penggunaan bahasa Indonesia    di aplikasi Zoom Meeting adalah berupa : kata, frasa, dan kalimat. Wujud kata berupa kata dasar dan kata berimbuhan; wujud frasa berupa frasa endosentrik dan eksosentrik; dan wujud kalimat berupa kalimat tunggal dan kalimat majemuk. Frasa endosentrik meliputi frasa endosentrik atributif dan frasa endosentrik koordinatif, sedangkan kalimat majemuk yang ditemukan berupa kalimat majemuk setara dan bertingkat.
KEMAMPUAN MENULIS ARAB MELAYU SISWA KELAS VI SD NEGERI 001 BULUH CINA
Authors: Hasnah Faizah AR  , Elza Adila Fitri  , Hanna Maria Manalu  , Annisa Azzahra
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memperoleh data tentang kemampuan menulis bahasa Arab-Melayu siswa kelas VI SD Negeri 001 Buluh Cina. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VI SD Negeri 001 Buluh Cina yang berjumlah 25 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tes dan angket yang langsung dilakukan dengan tatap muka langsung dengan siswa. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan mengumpulkan hasil tes dan angket, kemudian memberikan penilaian berupa skor, menentukan persentase hasil pencapaian kemampuan membaca, dan menghitung skor. Hasil penelitian ini adalah keterampilan menulis bahasa Arab-Melayu siswa kelas VI SD Negeri 001 Buluh Cina berada pada kategori tinggi dengan rata-rata 8,12.
KEMAMPUAN MENULIS KATA DALAM TULISAN ARAB-MELAYU SISWA SDN 021 PEKANBARU
Authors: Hasnah Faizah  , Nabila Nabila  , Niken Aulia  , Ayu Lestari
Published: December 2022

This study aims to measure the ability of elementary school students to write words in Arabic-Malay script as one of the competencies that must be mastered in the local content subject of Riau Malay Culture. The ability to write Arabic-Malay writing is important to learn at the elementary school level as an effort to recognize and preserve the existence of Arabic-Malay writing as a cultural heritage of the Riau Malay natural community. This research was conducted at SDN 021 Pekanbaru in grade 3 with a total of 28 students. The research was carried out on November 22, 2022. The data collection technique in this study used a test technique. Data analysis was performed using scoring techniques, percentages, and categorizing research data (low, medium, and high). The results showed that the ability to write open monosyllabic words into Arabic-Malay script was in the high category with a percentage of 50.00%.
Penerapan Pendekatan Matematika Realistik Indonesia dengan Model Kooperatif Tipe STAD Pada Materi SPLDV
Authors: Devilia Trifani Rusadi  , Aneke Pesik  , Jorry F. Monoarfa
Published: December 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji dampak penerapan strategi matematika realistik berbasis STAD terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi SPLDV. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuasi eksperimen yang terdiri dari desain kelompok kontrol yang tidak seimbang. Subyek penelitian ini adalah kelas VIIIA yang dipilih secara acak, kelas eksperimen sebanyak 26 siswa, dan VIIIB, kelas kontrol sebanyak 26 siswa, keduanya dari SMP Negeri 1 Tenga tahun pelajaran 2022/23. Data yang terkumpul terdiri dari hasil posttest kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol, dengan rata-rata hasil belajar kelas eksperimen ????̅E = 80.77 dan rata-rata hasil belajar kelas kontrol ????̅K = 72.96. Pengujian data dengan taraf nyata = 0,05 menghasilkan = 2,625 = 2,009, maka tolak Ho. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan model penerapan pendekatan matematika realistik sesuai STAD lebih besar dibandingkan dengan siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung.
Model Problem Based Learning Pada Materi Aritmetika Sosial; Suatu Eksperimentasi di Kelas VII SMP Kristen Kulur
Authors: Selvia Surati  , Selfie L. Kumesan  , Murni Sulistyaningsih
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuannuntuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswaayang menggunakan model pembelajaran PBL pada materi aritmetika sosial. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas VII SMP Kristen Kulur pada tahun ajaran 2022/2023. Jenis penelitian yanggdigunakan adalah eksperimen “One Group Pretest-Posttest”. Subjek penelitian yaitu kelas VII dengan jumlah siswa 20 orang yang merupakan kelas perlakuan. Instrumen yang digunakan sebagai tes adalah soal essay yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Hipotesis diuji dengan menggunakan Uji-t dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05 diperoleh =6,284 > = 1,686. Dengan nilai rata-rata posttest 81,5 di atas KKM 71. Dengan demikian diputuskan bahwa menerima H1 yang berarti pembelajaran materi aritmetika sosial dengannmenggunakan model pembelajaran PBL lebih dari KKM.
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN (NEED ASSESMENT) DAN PERENCANAAN PROGRAM TAHFIDZ QUR’AN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE WAFA DI SDIT AL-MANAR PANGKALAN BUN
Authors: Sukinem Sukinem  , Siminto Siminto
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this research is to analyze the needs (need assessment) and plan the tahfidz qur'an program using the wafa method at SDIT Al-Manar Pangkalan Bun. The research method used is qualitative. Data collection techniques are carried out by interviews, observation and documentation. Data collection techniques with interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques used 1) data reduction (data reduction), 2) data presentation (data displays and 3) conclusion drawing/verification. The results of this study are: needs analysis (need assessment) of the tahfidz qur'an program using the wafa method at SDIT Al-Manar Pangkalan Bun based on students' interest in extracurricular tahfidz Qur'an, it can be analyzed that the implementation of tahfidz Qur'an extracurricular activities at SDIT Al-Manar Pangkalan Bun is running smoothly. With quite a lot of enthusiasts, namely around 10 students in the first year. The tahfidz Qur'an extracurricular is a supporting field for SDIT Al-Manar Pangkalan Bun students to channel their talents and interests in the field of tahfidz Qur'an. Thus, the students of SDIT Al-Manar Pangkalan Bun can get closer to and love the Qur'an because of the tahfidz Qur'an extracurricular which becomes their intermediary to always love the Qur'an. Qur'an tahfidz extracurricular learning is also supported by using a special method that has been prepared by the ustadz/ustadzah, namely using the Wafa method. While planning the tahfidz qur'an program using the wafa method at SDIT Al-Manar Pangkalan Bun is carried out at the beginning of determining program objectives, followed by preparing a tahfidz program plan using the Wafa method. After that formulate what steps should be taken to implement the program. The tahfidz Al-Qur'an program is a program that is integrated with the school curriculum, the implementation of the program is carried out in the classroom. Planning the Wafa Qur'an learning process, especially in the Al-Qur'an Tahfiż program at SDIT Al-Manar Ajibarang has several stages, namely 5P, including the following: Opening, experience, teaching, assessment and closing. the application of the Wafa Method at SDIT Al-Manar has used the TANDUR strategy and in practice has also used the 5Ps well
Analisis Faktor Penghambat Keterampilan Berbicara Siswa Kelas XI Pondok Pesantren Ashabul Yamin
Authors: Bulan Sari  , Melyann Melani
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan karena beberapa masalah yang ditemukan dilapangan; permasalahan dalam kemampuan berbicara siswa pada bahasa inggris. Siswa seperti merasa takut dalam berbicara menggunakan bahasa inggris didepan kelas, siswa juga tidak bisa mengekspresikan ide mereka dalam bahasa inggris dan siswa juga tidak aktif ketika belajar speaking. Peneliti menggunakan metode kualitative sebagai metode penelitian. Untuk mengumpulkan data, peneliti menggunakan interview kepada siswa dan guru dan untuk menguatkan data peneliti melakukan observasi dilapangan. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa pada kelas XI di Pondok Pesantren Ashabul Yamin. Selanjutnya, dalam menganalisa data, peneliti menggunakan tiga metode yaitu : reduksi data, penyajian data, dan melakukan penarikan kesimpulan. Penemuan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa factor yang menghambat kemampuan berbicara siswa adalah factor kognitif (konseptualisasi, formulasi, dan artikulasi), factor affektif (kurang percaya diri, merasa takut, dan kurang motivas) dan factor yang terakhir yaitu factor linguistic (kosa kata).
PERILAKU PROKRASTINASI AKADEMIK SISWA (Sebuah Studi Kasus pada Siswa di MTs Al-Bukhori Brebes)
Authors: Yanto Supriyatno
Published: December 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan gambaran umum perilaku prokrastinasi akademik yang dilakukan oleh siswa di MTs Al-Bukhori Brebes. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini merupakan siswa kelas VIII yang berjumlah 30 siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di MTs Al-Bukhori Brebes pada tanggal 12 Juli 2022. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu dengan mereduksi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masih adanya siswa yang terindikasi mengalami perilaku prokrastinasi akademik seperti menunda-nunda pekerjaan rumah, kurang respon terhadap tugas-tugas, malas dalam belajar, kurang motivasi dalam diri individu siswa. Hal-hal yang menyebabkan demikian diantaranya, adanya rasa irrational believe, menggantungkan tugas pada teman, tidak suka dengan guru dan mata pelajaran tertentu serta pemberian tugas yang tidak menarik.
Dispensasi Perkawinan dan Permasalahanya Desa Padusan Kecamatan Pacet Kabupaten Mojokerto
Authors: M Bahtiar Ubaidillah  , Putut Hadi Suprayitno  , Lucius Andik Rahmanto  , Eny Nuraeni  , Ratih Dwi Pangestu  , Novellita Sicillia Anggraini  , Lily Solichul Mukminah  , Dedy Muharman
Published: December 2022

Perkawinan di bawah umur merupakan masalah yang masih sering terjadi di Indonesia dan menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi remaja dan akan menyebabkan kekerasan, diskriminasi, konflik sosial. Peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia merumuskan berbagai ketentuan guna menekan angka perkawinan di bawah umur yang terjadi. Pada Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan (selanjutnya disebut UUP) yang telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan (selanjutnya disebut Revisi UUP) adalah berkaitan dengan usia perkawinan, calon mempelai, baik pria maupun wanita telah mencapai usia 19 (sembilan belas) tahun, usia tersebut dinilai telah matang jiwa raganya untuk dapat melangsungkan perkawinan agar dapat mewujudkan tujuan perkawinan secara baik sehingga tidak berakhir pada perceraian dan mendapat keturunan yang sehat dan berkualitas. Pada Pasal 7 ayat (2) UUP, jika terjadi penyimpangan dari persyaratan usia perkawinan tersebut di atas, maka perkawinan baru dapat dilangsungkan setelah mendapat dispensasi dari pengadilan.
Pelatihan Pengisian SPT PPN untuk UMKM Karang Taruna Rw. 06 Kel. Pondok Cina Beji Depok Jawa Barat
Authors: Sabar Napitupulu  , Karsam Karsam , Safrudin Safrudin , Zulmita Zulmita , Hastuti Indra Sari
Published: December 2022

Pelatihan pengisian SPT PPN berbasis Excel pada dasarnya bertujuan untuk memberikan wawasan dan ketrampilan tentang aplikasi yang membantu para pengusaha dan pemuda Karang Taruna untuk mempermudah dalam pembuatan laporan pajak PPN terutama yang berkaitan dengan sistem permodelan. Di dalam proses pelaksanaan pengabdian, akan di berikan materi secara bertahap dengan metoda ceramah yaitu dengan presentasi yang di lanjtutkan dengan demonstrasi serta praktek langsung pada media computer masing-masing peserta pelatihan sehingga secara keseluruhan materi aplikasi Microsoft Excel dapat di manfaatkan oleh pelaku usaha yang tergabung dalam Karang Taruna di RW.06 Kel.Pondok Cina Beji Depok Jawa Barat. Untuk menjaga kesinambunagan pemahaman tentang aplikasi Microsoft Excel pelaku usaha sangat merespon positif sehingga adanya antusias Karang Taruna untuk membuka peluang kepada tim pengabdian untuk mengadakan pelatihan lanjutan untuk pelaku usaha yang tergabung dalam Karang Taruna di RW.06 Kel.Pondok Cina Beji Depok Jawa Barat.
limites da prevenção
Authors: da Silva Scholze Alessandro
Published: December 2022

Em 1971, Hart publicou um artigo propondo a Lei dos Cuidados Inversos, segundo a qual “a oferta de cuidados médicos de qualidade tenderia a variar inversamente às necessidades da população atendida”. Ao longo dos últimos 50 anos, o texto foi citado com frequência crescente na literatura. Apresentamos aqui uma perspectiva de como as reflexões de Hart se articulam com as mudanças na Prevenção ao longo desse período, especialmente no que toca à Atenção Primária em Saúde.
Diagnosis of hypersplenism with the epinephrine stimulation test
Authors: Misselwitz B , Bachli EB , Kaiser P , Goede JS
Published: December 2022

PRINCIPLES: Hypersplenism can be defined by thrombocytopenia and/or neutropenia resulting from blood cell sequestration in an enlarged spleen. In multimorbid patients the differential diagnosis of cytopenia is challenging and currently there is no established test for diagnosing hypersplenism.
METHODS: The epinephrine stimulation test (EST) measures changes in platelets, neutrophil counts and spleen size following a subcutaneous epinephrine injection. We retrospectively analysed the results of EST in 228 patients.
RESULTS: Increases in neutrophils and platelets after epinephrine injection were significantly greater in patients with enlarged than in patients with normal size spleens. Using cutoffs of low, intermediate and high confidence EST was positive in 69.8% vs. 41.3% (low confidence), 49.6% vs. 17.4% (intermediate confidence) and 38.8% vs. 10.9% (high confidence) in patients with enlarged vs. normal size spleens. Changes in platelet and neutrophil counts correlated with each other and with changes in spleen size, confirming cell release from the spleen during EST. When stratified according to the underlying diagnosis, patients with liver disease had the strongest response to EST, patients with malignant haematological diseases the weakest. In addition the response to EST was significantly related to changes in platelet and neutrophil counts after splenectomy, confirming the validity of our test. No serious side effects occurred during EST.
CONCLUSION: When used in a large patient cohort, EST is a safe and simple diagnostic test. In this exploratory study EST is of value in evaluating patients with cytopenia and a positive EST argues strongly for hypersplenism. Future studies should prospectively evaluate EST for the management of patients with splenomegaly.
Imaging in arthritis: quantifying effects of therapeutic intervention using MRI and molecular imaging
Authors: Cimmino MA , Barbieri F , Zampogna G , Camellino D , Paparo F , Parodi M
Published: December 2022

Modern imaging techniques are becoming increasingly important in assessing the course of arthritis and in permitting measurement of response to treatment as part of the follow-up of patients. They include ultrasonography (US), MRI, PET/CT, and biofluorescence. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, clinical evaluation is significantly less sensitive than either US or MRI in detecting synovitis. As a result, imaging is a useful alternative to achieving proper assessment of disease activity. The different areas in which the new imaging techniques could help practicing rheumatologists and internal physicians include the following: early and differential diagnosis of arthritis, evaluation of disease activity, prognosis, assessment of treatment efficacy, assessment of remission, and evaluation of subclinical disease. MRI is probably the best imaging method to study disease activity in RA, because it can study all the joints with similar efficacy, has been sufficiently standardised, and yields data on inflammation that can be quantified. Different methods, developed to score synovitis activity, are increasingly used in clinical trials. The main application of PET/CT in rheumatology is the diagnosis and follow-up of large vessel vasculitis. More recently, also RA disease activity has been evaluated, allowing a panoramic view of the patient. Molecular imaging studies molecular and cellular processes in intact living organisms in a non-invasive fashion. In fluorescence, dyes, that emit light upon excitation by a light source and are read by a camera, can be used to show inflamed areas where neoangiogenesis, vasodilatation, and increased vessel permeability are present. These dyes can be coupled with different compounds including antibodies and drugs.
Video analysis for the evaluation of vaginal births: a prospective observational study
Authors: Kimmich Nina , Zimmermann Roland , Kreft Martina
Published: December 2022

AIMS OF THE STUDY
Video documentation is nowadays well established in many fields of medicine, but mostly in unreal situations such as simulation training. We here present the application of video for teaching and learning purposes during the birth process. The aim of video documentation during labour is to provide an observational tool for obstetric care by midwives and obstetricians, with the opportunity for evaluation and education afterwards, especially in absence of the woman in labour and her family.

METHODS
Between February 2015 and June 2017, we conducted a prospective observational study on women aged over 18 years with singleton pregnancies with vertex presentation at term, who gave birth vaginally in the labour ward at the Division of Obstetrics of the University Hospital of Zurich. The end of birth (crowning of the head and fetal extraction) with the manual actions and manoeuvers performed was recorded on video in 100 births. Procedures were analysed afterwards by a senior consultant and evaluated with the staff involved.

RESULTS
We found frequent notable omissions during vaginal deliveries, concerning technical and nontechnical skills. Those aspects included inappropriate aseptic technique (e.g., no sterile underlay or sterile gloves), improper fetal head slowdown during expulsion, lack of visualisation of the perineum during fetal extraction/expulsion, lack of hip, shoulder and arm guiding while extracting the fetus, inappropriate episiotomy technique (wrong handling of the scissors, cutting angle too steep) and improper communication between the woman giving birth and the staff. During vacuum extractions, incorrect positioning of the cup, and inappropriate direction of pulling and handling of the cup were recorded.

CONCLUSIONS
Video analysis of obstetric procedures in the labour ward is an easily applicable and very useful tool for teaching and learning purposes. It contributes to showing and improving the quality of procedures and the interactions of the staff and can be used for staff evaluation.

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Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number NCT02295904)
Spirometry and provocation tests for vocal fold dysfunction diagnosis: a retrospective case series
Authors: Taramarcaz Philip , Seebach Jörg D. , Moetteli Leila , Benaïm Charles , Schwitzguebel Adrien J.-P.
Published: December 2022

AIMS
Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is characterised by paradoxical inspiratory laryngeal motion and is often misdiagnosed as asthma. Definitive diagnosis of VCD is difficult, because laryngoscopy is positive only during symptomatic episodes or upon provocation with exercise or inhaled irritants. The aims of the study were to better characterise the symptomatology of patients with VCD and to evaluate the potential usefulness of less-invasive diagnostic tools, namely provocation tests and spirometry.

METHODS
Retrospective case series of 84 patients with a typical clinical history of VCD, in whom at least one of the three following diagnostic tests were performed: laryngoscopy, provocation testing, or spirometry.

RESULTS
The mean age of the patients was 51 years and 74% were women. The principal comorbidities were rhinosinusitis (60%), gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (56%) and atopy (54%). Diagnosis of VCD was confirmed in 73/84 cases (87%), by laryngoscopy (8%), spirometry (84%) and/or provocation tests (68%).

CONCLUSIONS
VCD remains an underdiagnosed condition. A negative finding on laryngoscopy can lead to false negative diagnosis if it is done when the patient is asymptomatic. Here we show that a clinical suspicion of VCD, evoked by medical history, can be confirmed in many cases by less invasive diagnostic tools such as spirometry and provocation tests. Future well-conducted prospective case-control studies are needed to draw firmer conclusions and to improve the diagnostic accuracy of this condition.
Exploring Heritage of the Modern Movement: Memory, Perception, Eye-Tracking and Adaptive Re-Use
Authors: Doğan Huriye Armağan
Published: December 2022

This monograph presents an attempt to address the role of cultural memory in the formation of the language of architecture which is reflected on the façades of buildings. Understanding and identifying the characteristics of the architectural language affecting the evaluation of architectural objects as cultural heritage can help to measure the invisible social context, and it can also facilitate the adaptive re-use processes. The work additionally employs new discursive frames and research methods which effectively produce both theoretical discussions and potential practical applications. For analysing the built heritage of the Modern Movement, the cities of Ankara (Turkey) and Kaunas (Lithuania) were selected. The reason for selecting the two cities is related to the fact that, even though they went through a similar process around the same period, they represent different cultural and environmental backgrounds. Furthermore, even though they both chose to use the Modern Movement as the primary architectural language in the city construction and development, they produced different expressions.
Moving Forward and Beyond in Education: Concept of FLEXIBLE LEARNING PATHWAYS
Authors: Nausėdaitė Reda , Juška Vytautė , Daunorienė Asta , Ukvalbergienė Kristina
Published: December 2022

Flexible Learning Pathways (FLP) serves for the acquisition of knowledge in a flexible and personalised approach when the learner can adapt their learning journey based on their needs, interests, and circumstances at different stages of life. This report at hand sets out the key elements of the Flexible Learning Pathways concept, summarised according to the different elements within the system: needs for the FLP, the elements of the FLP, and the implementation of the FLP. The report encompasses all aspects of the FLP ecosystem. The FLP serves as a future-proof learning model, which, if implemented successfully, will revolutionise educational offering throughout Europe and beyond. Learning as such will not finish after graduating from a traditional university as the FLP allows exploring and learning new skills and competences through life-long learning, thereby uniting business, learners, and academic institutions.
A Novel Approach for Polyphase Filter Bank Design Using ABC Algorithm
Authors: Logoglu Ahmet , Kockanat Serdar , Karaboga Nurhan
Published: December 2022

Polyphase filter banks (PFBs) are the most preferred multirate structures for subband coding in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) and communication. For PFB design, there are many important design parameters such as filter length and frequency selectivity. Also, to realize the desired frequency response in designs, stopband and passband attenuation are of considerable importance. In PFB design, researchers and practitioners frequently use iterative and meta-heuristic optimization methods. Heuristic techniques have a significant problem-solving ability in continuous and discrete solution space. Therefore, they give better results than other suggested methods, and their performance depends on the control parameters. In this study, Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm was employed for suggested design problem of PFB. In the first stage, the control parameters of the ABC algorithm were examined to improve the performance of the proposed PFB problem. In the second stage, the analysis was carried out by changing filter lengths (8-256) and filter band frequencies (0.3-0.7/0.4-0.6). All results obtained were also compared with the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) and the Genetic algorithm (GA). Finally, a DSP application of PFB was carried out according to best results achieved by the ABC algorithm for filter lengths and frequencies.
Ochrana náboženského cítění po česku: případ Duka a jeho dopady na ochranu náboženského cítění v České republice
Authors: Michkova Karolina
Published: December 2022

Článek se zabývá ochranou náboženského cítění v České republice v kontextu ojedinělého případu sporu kardinála Duky s brněnskou divadelní scénou ohledně divadelních her s blasfemickými prvky. Autorka provádí kontextuální analýzu rozhodnutí vydaných v tomto sporu, a to zejména rozsudku Nejvyššího soudu a nálezu Ústavního soudu a poukazuje na problematické aspekty odůvodnění obou rozhodnutí. U Nejvyššího soudu se zaměřuje na jeho tvrzení, že součástí Listiny základních práv a svobod je právo na ochranu náboženského cítění. U Ústavního soudu pak na jím provedený test legality, v rámci kterého rozšířil využitelnost žaloby na ochranu osobnosti i pro případy reflexní újmy věřících. Článek zohledňuje literaturu české odborné veřejnosti na téma ochrany náboženského cítění a rozsáhlou judikaturu Evropského soudu pro lidská práva.
Důvody pro zdrženlivý přezkum Ústavním soudem
Authors: Kratochvíl Jan
Published: December 2022

V literatuře bylo uvedeno mnoho důvodů, proč soudy respektují rozhodnutí jiných orgánů nebo nižších soudů. Některé se týkají strukturálních otázek, jako je doktrína dělby moci, jiné se vztahují k povaze předmětu řízení.Na základě empirické analýzy stovek rozhodnutí Ústavního soudu článek uvádí důvody, které vedou ke zdrženlivému přezkumu Ústavním soudem. Hlavním důvodem deference v praxi Ústavního soudu je komplexnost posuzované problematiky a objektivní mezery v poznání. První z nich se projevuje zejména při přezkumu hospodářských otázek. Druhý se názorně ukázal při nedávné pandemii nemoci COVID-19.Článek důvody pro zdrženlivost, které ve své praxi používá Ústavní soud, analyzuje a argumentuje, že komplexnost problému a objektivní mezery ve znalostech jsou dobrými důvody pro deferenci. Oproti tomu zvýšená potřeba mimoprávních expertních znalostí či doktrína dělby moci nejsou důvody, které by samy o sobě mohly vysvětlit, kdy má být Ústavní soud zdrženlivý.
Multi-criteria evaluation of start-up resources
Authors: Slávik Štefan , Bednár Richard
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this article is to assess the resources of start-ups in terms of their usefulness, rarity, resistance to imitation, and quality, and thus understand the internal assumptions of start-ups for successful business making. A modified VRIO analytical method was used to evaluate the attributes of the resources. The research sample contained 112 start-ups. Each start-up was studied by a member of the research team, who personally recorded the founder's evaluations. Correlation and regression analysis were used to find the relationship between resources and business performance. People have the highest level of aggregate evaluation among the researched resources, but their less value of the business experience weakens them. The resource with the highest level of quality is technology, but it is weakened by a small rarity. The problem of all resources is low quality, which is evaluated from an international perspective. Start-ups are weakened by a lack of quality (smart) finance and external know-how. However, finance and external know-how are also relevant factors in the business performance of a start-up. The result of the research is a multicriteria evaluation of start-up resources, which provides a realistic assessment of empirical assumptions for successful business making. It is a good counterpoint to the prevailing research, which lacks evidence from practical business making.
Benderlies outside the borders of the Tighina kadiatate
Authors:   Institute of History, Republic of Moldova, Chirtoaga Ion
Published: December 2022

In the sangeak (district) Tighina (constituted after the campaign of Suleiman I in 1538) entered the localities located between the Rivers Bậc (to the north) and Botna with the Upper Traian Wave (to the south). From Botna the southern border passed near the village of Chitcani to the Dniester. To the west the boundary of the district was established on the borders of the estates on the Lower Course of the Colinder, from where it followed to the south near the spring of the Larga River. During the period of economic crisis, through which the Ottoman Empire periodically passed, some Turkish dignitaries organized Private Economic Enterprises (called chiftlik), using the land resources of the state inside and outside the sangeak. In this way, chiftliks appeared in the territory remaining under the authority of Moldova, creating problems for the locals in the use of land resources. After 1774 the economic activity of the Turkish inhabitants outside the border of the sangeak Tighina was limited. A new Ottoman administration appeared in Căușeni, which replaced that of the Crimean Khan. The locality of Sălcuța, with Romanian population, being for a century under the administration of the Crimean Khan, was included in the borders of the sangeak Thighina.
Nicolae Iorga and the Ardelean School. Gheorghe Şincai, re-evaluation of a portrait
Authors:   University „1 December 1918”, Alba Iulia, Romania, Roman-Negoi Ana-Maria
Published: December 2022

Nicolae Iorga’s research on Transilvania, published in the second volume of Istoriei literaturii române, sugestively titled Epoca lui Petru Maior (The epoch of Petru Maior) is a landmark for the theme of Școala Ardeleană, opening new investigation paths. The historiography of the Romanian Enlightenment in Transylvania or the history of books and printing are topics that have the first edition of Istoria literaturii române în secolul al XVIII-lea as mandatory bibliographic reference even now, more than 100 years after its publication. Within the work, the research dedicated to Gheorghe Şincai resulted in a portrait combining the general analysis of the life path and historical work from the positions and with the instruments of the literary historian. Nicolae Iorga’s study played the role of a model, its form and background being invoked in many subsequent pieces of research. One of the images of Gheorghe Șincai, perpetuated in the pages of historiography, we also owe to Nicolae Iorga: „a different nature than the gentle monk of Blaj, a fiery, stubborn, harsh temperament. An apostle other than the preacher with the spirit of meekness, a warrior who proclaims the new truth in the hearing of all, a prophet by the sword, who has come to bring war”. Regarding the contribution to the development of the Romanian historical writing, Șincai is considered by Nicolae Iorga a compiler, and his representative work, Hronica românilor, a compilation. In the light of the progress of the methods of text analysis, of the inclination towards the detailed research of the manuscript collections of the Transylvanian Enlightenment, the present study proposes a re-evaluation of Gheorghe Șincai’s scientific profile and a reconsideration of the role of his historical writing on the road to modernity.
Soviet strategy regarding the Romanian territories (1918-1924)
Authors:   Institute of History, Republic of Moldova, Siscanu Ion
Published: December 2022

In 1918, Bessarabia proclaimed its independence from the Russian Empire and united with Romania. The Bolsheviks pursued the objective of transforming Bessarabia into a bridgehead for the Romanian revolution. The project failed. In 1918, Soviet Russia, counting on the support of Hungarian Soviet troops, prepared for war against Romania. And this project ended in failure. At the beginning of 1920, the highest-ranking military specialists prepared a report addressed to L. Trotsky, the president of the Revolutionary-Military Council of the Russian Soviet Republic, in which they argued the necessity of regaining Bessarabia, because the province, they claimed, covered the entire south of Russia from Hungary and Romania. In the situation where Romania would not accept the retrocession of Bessarabia, the option of delimiting the Romanian territory between the Prut and Dniester was proposed based on the ethnic structure of the population of the counties of the former Bessarabian governorate and, above all, based on the strategic interests of Soviet Russia. On October 12, 1924, the III Session of the Central Executive Committee of Ukraine adopted the decision “On the creation of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within Ukraine”, according to which the border of the SSR, to the west and southwest, lied on “state border of the USSR”. In the conviction of some Bolshevik leaders from Balta and Kyiv, this formula would have meant that the territory between the Dniester and the Prut was also included in the composition of the MASSR, since the Soviet Union had not recognized the union of Bessarabia with Romania. At the current stage of the research, no official document was identified in which the western and southwestern borders of the MASSR were fixed on the Prut River and the Danube. On the contrary, the western and southwestern border of the MASSR was not even declared on the Prut and the Danube but remained on the Dniester.