bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity among patients treated with CAR T-cell therapy for hematologic malignancies: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Han Min Woo , Jeong So Yeong , Suh Chong Hyun , Park Hyesun , Guenette Jeffrey P. , Huang Raymond Y. , Kim Kyung Won , Yoon Dok Hyun
Published: October 2024

Objectives

We aim to assess the pooled incidence of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) in clinical trials and real-world studies of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for hematologic malignancy and compare the incidences among different agents.

Methods

The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for clinical trials and real-world studies. An inverse-variance weighting model was used to calculate pooled incidences and subgroup analyses. Multivariable analysis was conducted using binomial-normal modeling.

Results

Seventy-five trials comprising 3,184 patients were included. The overall pooled incidence was 26.9% (95% CI, 21.7–32.7%) for all-grade and 10.5% (95% CI, 8.1–13.6%) for high-grade ICANS. In subgroup analysis, cohorts with anti-CD19 drugs had significantly higher ICANS incidences than cohorts with other agents. The multivariable analysis demonstrated higher odds of ICANS in anti-CD19 drug studies for high-grade (OR, 4.6) compared to anti-BCMA drug studies. In 12 real-world studies, studies used axicabtagene ciloleucel with CD28 (54.0% all-grade, 26.4% high-grade) exhibited significantly higher rates of all-grade and high-grade ICANS than studies using tisagenlecleucel with 4-1BB (17.2% all-grade, 6.1% high-grade).

Conclusions

The overall incidences of ICANS with CAR T-cell therapy were 26.9% for all-grade and 10.5% for high-grade. Compared with other agents, patients with anti-CD19 drugs had a significantly increased risk of developing high-grade ICANS. Therefore, careful monitoring of ICANS should be considered for patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapy.
Positron emission tomography neuroimaging of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and related behavior in the Pink1−/− rat model of Parkinson disease
Authors: Converse Alexander K. , Krasko Maryann N. , Rudisch Denis Michael , Lunaris Charlie Lenell , Nisbet Alex F. , Slesarev Maxim S. , Szot John C. , Hoerst Andrew G. , Leverson Glen E. , Gallagher Catherine L. , Ciucci Michelle R.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition affecting multiple sensorimotor and cognitive systems. The Pink1−/− rat model exhibits vocal, cognitive, and limb use deficits seen in idiopathic PD. We sought to measure glucose metabolism in brain regions in Pink1−/− and wild type (WT) rats, and to associate these to measures of ultrasonic vocalization, cognition, and limb use behavior.

Methods

Pink1−/− (n = 12) and WT (n = 14) rats were imaged by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in a repeated measures design at approximately 10 months of age and 6 weeks later. Relative regional glucose metabolism was indexed by whole brain normalized FDG uptake, which was calculated for 18 regions identified a priori for comparison. Behavioral measures included tests of communication via ultrasonic vocalization, cognition with 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Test (5-CSRTT), and limb use with Cylinder Test and Challenge Beam.

Results

Relative glucose metabolism was significantly different in Pink1−/− rats in prelimbic area, striatum, nucleus ambiguus, globus pallidus, and posterior parietal association cortex compared to WT controls. For behavioral measures, Pink1−/− rats demonstrated quieter vocalizations with a restricted frequency range, and they showed increased number of foot-faults and hindlimb steps (shuffling) in limb motor tests. Significant behavior vs. brain correlations included associations of ultrasonic vocalization parameters with glucose metabolism indices in locus coeruleus and substantia nigra.

Conclusion

FDG PET reveals abnormalities in relative regional brain glucose metabolism in Pink1−/− rats in brain regions that are important to cognition, vocalization, and limb motor control that are also impacted by Parkinson disease. This method may be useful for mechanistic studies of behavioral deficits and therapeutic interventions in translational studies in the Pink1−/− PD model.
Prevalence of potential risk of eating disorders among young, unprofessional European athletes: results of the ERASMUS+ project SCAED
Authors: Kenđel Jovanović Gordana , Čulina Tatjana
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Adolescent athletes are at higher risk of developing eating disorders (ED) due to sports environment pressures and developmental characteristics. The ERASMUS+ project Sports Community against Eating Disorders (SCAED) aims to assess the prevalence of the potential risk of eating disorders among young, unprofessional European athletes and to provide them with easier access to professional support and knowledge.

Methods

The online survey included 462 unprofessional athletes from six European countries aged 12–25 (average age 18.49 ± 5.50) on their socio-demographics, sports and lifestyle habits, behaviors, concerns, and perceived pressure from coaches and teammates regarding body weight and shape. The eating disorder potential risk was assessed using the Eating Disorder Examination for Adolescents (EDE-A) and Eating Disorders Screen for Athletes (EDSA).

Results

Every seventh (14.9%, EDE-A) and fifth (19.9%, EDSA) of young, unprofessional European athletes were at possible risk for developing eating disorders. Overall potential risk (18.7% EDE-A, 26.6% EDSA), dietary restraint (12.9%), and concerns about eating (9.5%), shape (23.7%), and weight (19.6%) were significantly more prevalent among female athletes. Younger athletes showed a slightly higher prevalence and avoidance of food. Athletes training in weight-sensitive sports exhibited more behaviors related to eating disorders. Females (p = 0.003), younger, and those athletes training in less weight-sensitive sports noted higher weight- and shape-related pressure from coaches. Dissatisfaction with their current weight was expressed by 44.6% of athletes, while 46.1% thought that they needed to lose weight to improve performance.

Conclusion

The observed prevalence of the potential risk of ED among young, unprofessional European athletes is concerning, particularly due to limited access to support. Efforts to reduce the prevalence should target female and younger athletes in weight-sensitive sports. The SCAED Erasmus+ project aims to decrease ED prevalence among young, unprofessional European athletes, their families, and coaches by supporting them through education and professional consultation.
Retrospective analysis of survival and safety of bevacizumab biosimilar and original drug combination chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Chu Xiaofei , Wang Jun , Gu Wenjing , Fu Xiaoyan , Zhang Jing , Wang Congying , Han Qinghui , Zhou Jing , Zhang Yongjing , Liu Xiaoyan
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The advent of bevacizumab has considerably transformed the therapeutic landscape for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients devoid of specific genetic mutations. A pivotal milestone has been reached with the recent approval of a bevacizumab biosimilar, following rigorous phase III clinical investigations, poised to augment NSCLC therapeutic strategies.

Methods

This retrospective analysis encompasses a large-scale study conducted between January 2021 and December 2023, involving 1058 NSCLC patients (metastatic or locally advanced stages). The research design entailed a comparative assessment of the safety and efficacy profiles of combined therapies using the original bevacizumab and its biosimilar, adhering to RECIST v1.1 criteria. Adverse event grading was standardized using the National Cancer Institute’s CTCAE v5.0.

Results

Notably, the biosimilar demonstrated an objective response rate (ORR) of 29.79% in 606 patients, closely paralleling the 27.41% ORR observed in 452 patients receiving the original drug, with insignificant risk differences (-0.03) and a risk ratio of 0.987, affirming equivalence. Progression-free survival (PFS) was influenced by radiation status, treatment lines, and regimen combinations, while dosage intensity and genetic factors had negligible impacts. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was slightly higher in the biosimilar group (75.11%) versus the original drug group (72.78%), with grade 3 or more severe TEAEs occurring in 23.6% and 18.5% of patients, respectively (Detailed criteria for the definition and assessment of TEAEs have been added to the Methods section, including the use of the National Cancer Institute’s CTCAE v5.0 for grading).

Conclusions

The study affirms that bevacizumab biosimilars offer equivalent therapeutic efficacy and a similar safety profile to the originator product in the management of locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC. The tolerability of the toxicity profile, coupled with the absence of unforeseen adverse reactions, underscores the viability of biosimilar bevacizumab as a valuable addition to NSCLC treatment regimens. These findings also imply potential benefits for a broader patient population beyond clinical trial confines through the adoption of biosimilar beta-adrenergic blocking agents.
Robot-assisted Müllerian compartment resection for cervical cancer
Authors: Li Ya , Na Jing , Wang Xinyou , Han Shichao , Wang Jun
Published: October 2024

Objective

Radical hysterectomy has been established as the standard treatment for early stage cervical cancers. Despite numerous efforts to standardize the technique for radical hysterectomy across varying extents of tumor invasion, success has been inconsistent. Total Müllerian Compartment Resection (TMCR), an ontogenetic compartment-based oncologic surgery initially developed for open procedures by Professor Höckel, offers a standardized approach applicable to all patients with locally confined tumors. This method holds promise for achieving thorough oncologic clearance while maintaining acceptable complication rates. Moreover, robotic-assisted surgery may further reduce morbidity compared to open surgery. In this context, we provide a detailed step-by-step description of robotically assisted Total Müllerian Compartment resection (R-TMCR) for cervical cancer and present feasibility data from a cohort of 20 patients.

Subjects and methods

20 patients with stage IA1-IB2 cervical cancer, robot-assisted resection of the Müllerian embryonic compartment was undertaken. Key metrics such as operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complication rates were meticulously recorded and analyzed.

Results

The duration of the surgery varied from 185 to 500 minutes, with intraoperative blood loss ranging between 5 mL and 300 mL. Postoperative hemoglobin levels dropped by -15 to 40 g/L from their preoperative values. Notably, there were no instances necessitating conversion to open surgery, and no intraoperative complications occurred. The rate of postoperative complications was 0%. Over the follow-up period, which averaged 18 months, there were no observed locoregional recurrences of cervical cancer, nor were there any deaths attributed to cervical cancer during this time.

Conclusion

The application of robotic Müllerian compartment resection in the surgical treatment of cervical cancer is both safe and feasible. Utilizing robotic technology enables more precise and refined surgical outcomes. Combining embryonic compartment-based radical hysterectomy with the principles of membrane anatomy can standardize and optimize the surgical process, helping surgeons master radical hysterectomy more quickly and effectively.
Nemaline myopathy with scoliosis: a case report
Authors: Huang Jin , Zhang Chen , Li Jing , Wang Huaming , Cui Xiaojuan , Wang Juan , Zhang Borong , Wang Xiaoqiang , Lin Deming , Zhao Jun , Wen Jiantao
Published: October 2024

Nemaline myopathy (NM) is a rare congenital muscle disease that leads to muscle damage, resulting in muscle weakness and atrophy. Cases of scoliosis induced by muscle weakness and atrophy are exceedingly uncommon. The author clinically treated one patient with NM complicated by scoliosis and analyzed its clinical characteristics through a literature review. The pathogenic genes of this patient originated from compound heterozygous mutations c.12471 + 3A>G from the mother and c.7727G>A from the father, leading to the diagnosis of NM accompanied by scoliosis, which represents a relatively rare clinical phenotype.
Motion behavior of droplets on curved leaf surfaces driven by airflow
Authors: Gao Zhou-Ming , Hu Wei , Dong Xiao-Ya , Zhao Xiao-Yuan , Wang Song , Chen Jian , Qiu Bai-Jing
Published: October 2024

In air-assisted spraying, pesticide droplet retention on crop leaves is key to evaluating spray effectiveness. However, airflow can deform leaves, reducing droplet retention and affecting spray performance. This study used wind tunnels and high-speed cameras to capture leaf deformation at different airflow speeds and the motion of droplets on curved leaf surfaces. The results showed that leaf curvature during bending deformation is generally less than 0.05 mm-1. Critical wind speed for droplet movement is negatively correlated with droplet size and leaf curvature, with a 24.8% difference between different leaf curvatures and a 17.5% difference between droplet sizes. The droplet’s dimensionless shape variable is positively correlated with both droplet size and leaf curvature. The maximum shape variable on curved leaves reaches 0.24, with acceleration differences of about 30%, while droplets of different sizes show a maximum shape variable of 0.18 and an acceleration difference of up to 68%. These findings enhance understanding of droplet-leaf interactions and provide insights for improving pesticide efficiency.
Inoculation of Bacillus velezensis Bv-116 and its bio-organic fertilizer serve as an environmental friendly biocontrol strategy against cucumber Fusarium wilt
Authors: Li Haolong , Zhao Shanshan , Zhang Xueying , Yang Fengyuan , Feng Changsong , Huang Yuhang , Tang Xiaoxue , Sun Pintian , Wang Yanping
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Bacillus velezensis Bv-116 and its bio-organic fertilizer on the control of cucumber Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cucumerinum (FOC), the promotion of growth of cucumber seedlings, and the soil microbial community. B. velezensis Bv-116 exhibited an inhibition rate of 84.93% against FOC, as well as broad-spectrum inhibitory activities against other soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi. Fermentation products of B. velezensis Bv-116 destroyed the cell structure of FOC and inhibited the growth of FOC mycelium. These products were identified as volatile antimicrobial gases, proteases and cellulases. In the greenhouse pot experiment, both B. velezensis Bv-116 and its bio-organic fertilizer exhibited significant promoting effects on cucumber growth, and a significant reduction in the incidence and disease severity index of cucumber wilt (p < 0.05). Analysis of the microbial community structure of cucumber rhizosphere soil revealed that inoculation of B. velezensis Bv-116 and its bio-organic fertilizer increased the abundance of genera with biocontrol capabilities against plant pathogens. In addition, inoculation of the bio-organic fertilizer reversed the excessive proliferation of Fusarium and Acidobacteria. Our results suggest the potential of inoculating B. velezensis Bv-116 and its bio-organic fertilizer as an environmentally friendly biocontrol strategy against cucumber wilt.
Effects of nutritional stress on soil fertility and antioxidant enzymes of rice in different growth periods
Authors: Cai Qiuliang , Zou Yi , Zhong Ning , Jia Guikang
Published: October 2024

Stress in plants denotes the detrimental impact of alterations in external environmental conditions on regular plant growth and development. Plants employ diverse mechanisms to mitigate or evade nutritional stress-induced damage. In order to investigate the physiological response mechanism of plants to nutritional stress and assess its impact on soil nutrient content and antioxidant enzyme activity in rice, a field experiment was conducted applying five treatments: control, nitrogen (N) deficiency, phosphorus (P) deficiency, potassium (K) deficiency, and full fertilization. Rice leaf and soil samples were concurrently gathered during both the vegetative and reproductive growth stages of rice. Analysis was conducted on soil N, P, and K levels, as well as leaf antioxidant enzyme activities, to investigate the impact of nutrient stress on rice antioxidant enzymes and soil fertility. The research findings indicate that full fertilization treatment enhanced the agronomic properties of the soil compared to the control treatment. In the N-deficiency treatment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased by 16.53–33.89% during the reproductive growth period compared to the vegetative growth period. The peroxidase (POD) activity decreased by 41.39% and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased by 36.22% under K-deficiency treatment during the reproductive growth period compared to the vegetative growth period. Consequently, applying N and P fertilizer during the vegetative growth period can decrease membrane lipid peroxidation levels by 7.34–72.53%. The full fertilization treatment markedly enhanced rice yield compared to other treatments and increased the Nitrogen activation coefficient (NAC) and Phosphorus activation coefficient (PAC) in the soil, while decreasing the PAC. Elevating NAC levels can stimulate the activity or content of PRO, MDA, and RPS during the vegetative growth stage, whereas in the reproductive growth stage, it will decrease the content of ROS, PRO, and MDA. This data offers valuable insights and theoretical support for nutritional stress research.
Response of the photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant system of Suaeda salsa to the changes of underground brine depth
Authors: Wang Ping , Xu Wenjing , Zhang Zehao , Fu Zhanyong , Li Tian , Sun Jingkuan
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Water and salt conditions are key factors influencing vegetation growth on shell island in the Yellow River Delta. However, the effects of the depth of underground brine on the photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant system of halophytes remain unclear.

Methods

The laboratory simulation experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of the changes of underground brine depth on Suaeda salsa using four levels of groundwater: 0 cm, 15 cm, 30 cm and 45 cm.

Results

The results showed that different underground brine depths had significant impacts on the photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant system of S. salsa, and 0-30 cm underground brine depth was suitable for S. salsa growth. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), light utilization efficiency (LUE) and carboxylation efficiency (CE) of S. salsa increased first and then decreased with increasing depth of underground brine. The stomatal limitation value (Ls) and WUE of S. salsa reached the peak value at the groundwater depth of 0 cm, and water use efficiency was reduced by 19.4%, 8.0% and 8.6% at 15 cm, 30 cm, and 45 cm, respectively, compared to the 0 cm treatment. With the deepening of underground brine depth, the value of LUE and CE firstly increased and then decreased, and reached the peak value when the depth was 30 cm. The antioxidant enzyme (SOD, POD and CAT) activities of S. salsa decreased and then increased with the increase of underground brine depth. The enzyme activities were the lowest when the underground brine depth was 30 cm. As the groundwater depth increased, MDA content decreased and then increased. The highest degree of membrane peroxidation in S. salsa leaves was observed at the depth of 45 cm.

Discussion

Our study reveals that the antioxidant capacity of S. salsa was weakened at the underground brine depth of 45 cm and the growth of S. salsa was inhibited.
Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens
Authors: Liu Hanxin , Bin Guoshu , Wang Xiao , Luo Jia , Liu Minyi
Published: October 2024

The need for privacy, recognized as a fundamental psychological requirement, has garnered increasing attention as researchers explore the restorative effects of privacy driven activities (PDA). This study employs quantitative experiments and analyses to assess the restorative benefits of PDA within three classical Chinese gardens, demonstrating their superiority over conventional leisure activities in promoting emotional recovery, reducing stress, and restoring attention. The experiment quantifies the restorative effects of PDA versus standard leisure activities using a classic restorative scale and physiological indicators reflecting emotional relief. Regression analyses then identify five key factors influencing the occurrence of PDA, derived from preferred locations and behavioral tendencies observed in the three gardens. Further analyses reveal significant differences in the impacts of these five environmental feature dimensions on the evaluation indicators of “preference for privacy-oriented activities” and “restorative effects”. Among these dimensions, “spatial scale and accessibility” has the greatest impact on the “preference for privacy-oriented environments”, while “spatial atmosphere” and “activity facilities” have the most significant impact on “restorative effects”. The findings suggest that behavioral activities mediate the relationship between environmental factors and restorative effects, highlighting the potential of PDA as a mediating variable for a comprehensive investigation into the pathways and mechanisms influencing restorative environments in research and design.
C1q Binding Ability for Prior Risk Assessment of Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection in ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Miwa Yuko , Iwasaki Kenta , Murotani Kenta , Okada Manabu , Nagasaka Takaharu , Watarai Yoshihiko , Takeda Asami , Shizuku Masato , Ashimine Satoshi , Ishiyama Kohei , Maruyama Shoichi , Kobayashi Takaaki
Published: October 2024

In ABO blood group incompatible kidney transplantation (ABO-I), potential issues on acute antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) remain to be solved. This study aimed to assess the risk factors of acute ABMR using recipient- or donor-derived specimens. Quantitative analysis of A/B antigen expression was conducted in 104 donor kidney tissues (Kt), platelets (Plt), and red blood cells (RBC) by immunohistochemical staining or flow cytometry (FCM). ABO-I pre-transplant recipient serum samples (ABMR = 12, non-ABMR = 27) were extracted by propensity score matching. Anti-A antibody titers of IgM, IgG and IgG subclasses, and C1q binding ability (%) on antibody were measured using RBC-FCM. No association was observed between ABMR and A/B antigen expression levels in donor’s Plt, RBC, or Kt. In recipient’s sample, C1q-IgG binding ability was significantly higher in the ABMR group than in the non-ABMR group (C1q−IgG: 9.04% vs. 5.93% p = 0.049). Neither the A/B antigen expression level in donors (grafts) nor anti-blood group IgG/IgM antibodies in recipient sera before desensitization seemed to influence ABMR incidence in ABO-I. In contrast, C1q-IgG binding ability could be a potential predictor for ABMR in ABO-I.
Pristine Photopolymerizable Gelatin Hydrogels: A Low-Cost and Easily Modifiable Platform for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Pérez-Araluce Maria , Cianciosi Alessandro , Iglesias-García Olalla , Jüngst Tomasz , Sanmartín Carmen , Navarro-Blasco Íñigo , Prósper Felipe , Plano Daniel , Mazo Manuel M.
Published: October 2024

The study addresses the challenge of temperature sensitivity in pristine gelatin hydrogels, widely used in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, low cost, and cell adhesion properties. Traditional gelatin hydrogels dissolve at physiological temperatures, limiting their utility. Here, we introduce a novel method for creating stable hydrogels at 37 °C using pristine gelatin through photopolymerization without requiring chemical modifications. This approach enhances consistency and simplifies production and functionalization of the gelatin with bioactive molecules. The stabilization mechanism involves the partial retention of the triple-helix structure of gelatin below 25 °C, which provides specific crosslinking sites. Upon activation by visible light, ruthenium (Ru) acts as a photosensitizer that generates sulphate radicals from sodium persulphate (SPS), inducing covalent bonding between tyrosine residues and “locking” the triple-helix conformation. The primary focus of this work is the characterization of the mechanical properties, swelling ratio, and biocompatibility of the photopolymerized gelatin hydrogels. Notably, these hydrogels supported better cell viability and elongation in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) compared to GelMA, and similar performance was observed for human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). As a proof of concept for functionalization, gelatin was modified with selenous acid (GelSe), which demonstrated antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities, particularly against E. coli and S. aureus. These results suggest that pristine gelatin hydrogels, enhanced through this new photopolymerization method and functionalized with bioactive molecules, hold potential for advancing regenerative medicine and tissue engineering by providing robust, biocompatible scaffolds for cell culture and therapeutic applications.
Targeting the Intestinal Microbiota: A Novel Direction in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Zhang Jie , Gan Huilin , Duan Xiaoyan , Li Guangming
Published: October 2024

Over the past decade, there has been a rapid increase in the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease. It has been suggested that multifactorial interactions of environmental factors, genetic factors, immune response and intestinal microbiota are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. It is widely recognized that the intestinal microbiota are essential for human metabolism, the immune system and pathogen resistance, and are integral to human health. Therefore, the dysbiosis of the microbiota is a critical step leading to intestinal mucosal damage and a key factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Regulating the microbiota through interventions such as enteral nutrition, fecal microbiota transplantation, and probiotic supplementation has the potential to prevent or even reverse intestinal dysbiosis, opening up new perspectives for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Effects of Anesthesia with Pentobarbital/Ketamine on Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Opening and Ischemic Brain Damage
Authors: Rekuviene Evelina , Ivanoviene Laima , Borutaite Vilmante , Morkuniene Ramune
Published: October 2024

Background and Objective: The alteration of mitochondrial functions, especially the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), has been proposed as a key mechanism in the development of lesions in cerebral ischemia, wherefore it is considered as an important target for drugs against ischemic injury. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of mitochondrial complex I inhibitors as possible regulators of mPTP using an in vitro brain ischemia model of the pentobarbital/ketamine (PBK)-anesthetized rats. Results: We found that PBK anesthesia itself delayed Ca2+-induced mPTP opening and partially recovered the respiratory functions of mitochondria, isolated from rat brain cortex and cerebellum. In addition, PBK reduced cell death in rat brain slices of cerebral cortex and cerebellum. PBK inhibited the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-stimulated respiration of isolated cortical and cerebellar mitochondria respiring with complex I-dependent substrates pyruvate and malate. Moreover, pentobarbital alone directly increased the resistance of isolated cortex mitochondria to Ca2+-induced activation of mPTP and inhibited complex I-dependent respiration and mitochondrial complex I activity. In contrast, ketamine had no direct effect on functions of isolated normal cortex and cerebellum mitochondria. Conclusions: Altogether, this suggests that modulation of mitochondrial complex I activity by pentobarbital during PBK anesthesia may increase the resistance of mitochondria to mPTP opening, which is considered the key event in brain cell necrosis during ischemia.
The Prospect of Improving Pancreatic Cancer Diagnostic Capabilities by Implementing Blood Biomarkers: A Study of Evaluating Properties of a Single IL-8 and in Conjunction with CA19-9, CEA, and CEACAM6
Authors: Bukys Tomas , Kurlinkus Benediktas , Sileikis Audrius , Vitkus Dalius
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the possible clinical application of interleukin 8 (IL-8) as a single biomarker and its capabilities in combination with carbohydrate antigen (CA19-9), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) as diagnostic and prognostic tools for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: A total of 170 serum samples from patients with PDAC (n = 100), chronic pancreatitis (CP) (n = 39), and healthy individuals (n = 31) were analysed. IL-8 and CEACAM6 were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CA19-9 and CEA were determined by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, and bilirubin was quantified using a diazonium salt reaction. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, logistic regression, and Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed to evaluate the properties of a single IL-8 and in combination with other biomarkers. Results: The concentrations of IL-8 were statistically significantly higher in the PDAC group compared to the CP and control groups. Heterogeneous levels of IL-8 correlated with PDAC stages (p = 0.007). IL-8 had good and satisfactory diagnostic efficacy in differentiating PDAC from controls (0.858; p < 0.001) and patients with CP (0.696; p < 0.001), respectively. High and low expressions of IL-8 were not significantly associated with overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS). A combination of IL-8, CEACAM6, and CA19-9 reached the highest AUC values for differentiating PDAC from the control group. The best classification score between PDAC and the control group with CP patients was obtained by merging IL-8 and CA19-9 (0.894; p < 0.001). Conclusions: These results provide compelling evidence of IL-8 as a promising diagnostic biomarker. Nonetheless, due to the high complexity of PDAC, only the conjunction of IL-8, CA19-9, and CEACAM6 integrates sufficient diagnostic capabilities.
A Transfer Learning-Based Framework for Classifying Lymph Node Metastasis in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Sarkar Suryadipto , Wu Teresa , Harwood Matthew , Silva Alvin C.
Published: October 2024

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most common new cancer diagnosis in the United States. It is usually slow-growing, and when it is low-grade and confined to the prostate gland, it can be treated either conservatively (through active surveillance) or with surgery. However, if the cancer has spread beyond the prostate, such as to the lymph nodes, then that indicates a more aggressive cancer, and surgery may not be adequate. Methods: The challenge is that it is often difficult for radiologists reading prostate-specific imaging such as magnetic resonance images (MRIs) to differentiate malignant lymph nodes from non-malignant ones. An emerging field is the development of artificial intelligence (AI) models, including machine learning and deep learning, for medical imaging to assist in diagnostic tasks. Earlier research focused on implementing texture algorithms to extract imaging features used in classification models. More recently, researchers began studying the use of deep learning for both stand-alone feature extraction and end-to-end classification tasks. In order to tackle the challenges inherent in small datasets, this study was designed as a scalable hybrid framework utilizing pre-trained ResNet-18, a deep learning model, to extract features that were subsequently fed into a machine learning classifier to automatically identify malignant lymph nodes in patients with prostate cancer. For comparison, two texture algorithms were implemented, namely the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and Gabor. Results: Using an institutional prostate lymph node dataset (42 positives, 84 negatives), the proposed framework achieved an accuracy of 76.19%, a sensitivity of 79.76%, and a specificity of 69.05%. Using GLCM features, the classification achieved an accuracy of 61.90%, a sensitivity of 74.07%, and a specificity of 42.86%. Using Gabor features, the classification achieved an accuracy of 65.08%, a sensitivity of 73.47%, and a specificity of 52.50%. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that a hybrid approach, i.e., using a pre-trainined deep learning model for feature extraction, followed by a machine learning classifier, is a viable solution. This hybrid approach is especially useful in medical-imaging-based applications with small datasets.
The Bray–Liebhafsky Oscillatory Reaction as a Chemosensor for Benzenediols
Authors: Pavićević Aleksandra , Veles Marija , Maksimović Jelena , Tošović Jelena , Bren Urban , Čakar Uroš , Pagnacco Maja
Published: October 2024

Benezediols are widely used in different areas of industry, thus identification and quantification of benzenediols is of utmost importance due to their toxicity and high environmental abundance. In this work, benzenediol isomers (pyrocatechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone) were investigated by using the Bray–Liebhafsky (BL) oscillatory reaction. All three isomers exhibit different behavior in the BL reaction, which renders the BL system applicable as a chemosensor. The period between the fifth and sixth oscillation, the amplitude of the sixth oscillation and in the case of hydroquinone, the emergence of a new oscillation in the BL reaction were selected as the parameters used for the identification and quantification of these isomers. Furthermore, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and DFT calculations were performed in order to provide insights into the mechanism of benzenediols reactions with the BL system.
Multi-Criteria Analysis in Circular Economy Principles: Using AHP Model for Risk Assessment in Sustainable Whisky Production
Authors: Dabija Dadiana , Nastase Carmen-Eugenia , Chetrariu Ancuţa , Dabija Adriana
Published: October 2024

As the whisky industry applies circular economy principles to maximize resource utilization and minimize environmental impact, companies become exposed to several risks, which require complex assessments to ensure reliable outcomes. This study provides an organized framework to identify, prioritize, and rank various risk factors commonly observed in the whisky industry through the development of an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) multi-criteria analysis model. Experts from 18 small European distilleries identified five main risk criteria and nineteen sub-criteria from brainstorming workplace observations and categorized them as: environmental (5), operational (4), technological innovation (3), food safety (3), and economical (4) risks. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach was used to determine the weights and ranks of the main criteria and sub-criteria based on the survey responses received from experts from each distillery. The final judgements are consistent, as indicated by consistency values (CR) of less than 0.1 for all risk criteria. Unlike traditional risk assessment methods, the AHP model effectively integrates qualitative and quantitative data, aiding strategic decision making in the whisky industry by breaking down complex problems into manageable sub-problems. Future research directions may expand the criteria and explore additional sustainable practices.
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of Heaving Wave Energy Converter with Nonlinear Froude–Krylov Forces
Authors: Demonte Gonzalez Tania , Anderlini Enrico , Yassin Houssein , Parker Gordon
Published: October 2024

Wave energy holds significant promise as a renewable energy source due to the consistent and predictable nature of ocean waves. However, optimizing wave energy devices is essential for achieving competitive viability in the energy market. This paper presents the application of a nonlinear model predictive controller (MPC) to enhance the energy extraction of a heaving point absorber. The wave energy converter (WEC) model accounts for the nonlinear dynamics and static Froude–Krylov forces, which are essential in accurately representing the system’s behavior. The nonlinear MPC is tested under irregular wave conditions within the power production region, where constraints on displacement and the power take-off (PTO) force are enforced to ensure the WEC’s safety while maximizing energy absorption. A comparison is made with a linear MPC, which uses a linear approximation of the Froude–Krylov forces. The study comprehensively compares power performance and computational costs between the linear and nonlinear MPC approaches. Both MPC variants determine the optimal PTO force to maximize energy absorption, utilizing (1) a linear WEC model (LMPC) for state predictions and (2) a nonlinear model (NLMPC) incorporating exact Froude–Krylov forces. Additionally, the study analyzes four controller configurations, varying the MPC prediction horizon and re-optimization time. The results indicate that, in general, the NLMPC achieves higher energy absorption than the LMPC. The nonlinear model also better adheres to system constraints, with the linear model showing some displacement violations. This paper further discusses the computational load and power generation implications of adjusting the prediction horizon and re-optimization time parameters in the NLMPC.
Comparison of Effects of Partial Discharge Echo in Various High-Voltage Insulation Systems
Authors: Florkowski Marek
Published: October 2024

In this article, an extension of a conventional partial discharge (PD) approach called partial discharge echo (PDE), which is applied to different classes of electrical insulation systems of power devices, is presented. Currently, high-voltage (HV) electrical insulation is attributed not only to transmission and distribution grids but also to the industrial environment and emerging segments such as transportation electrification, i.e., electric vehicles, more-electric aircraft, and propulsion in maritime vehicles. This novel PDE methodology extends the conventional and established PD-based assessment, which is perceived to be one of the crucial indicators of HV electrical insulation integrity. PD echo may provide additional insight into the surface conditions and charge transport phenomena in a non-invasive way. It offers new diagnostic attributes that expand the evaluation of insulation conditions that are not possible by conventional PD measurements. The effects of partial discharge echo in various segments of insulation systems (such as cross-linked polyethylene [XLPE] power cable sections that contain defects and a twisted-pair helical coil that represents motor-winding insulation) are shown in this paper. The aim is to demonstrate the echo response on representative electrical insulating materials; for example, polyethylene, insulating paper, and Nomex. Comparisons of the PD echo decay times among various insulation systems are depicted, reflecting dielectric surface phenomena. The presented approach offers extended quantitative assessments of the conditions of HV electrical insulation, including its detection, measurement methodology, and interpretation.
Numerical Analysis of Hydrogen Behavior Inside Hydrogen Storage Cylinders under Rapid Refueling Conditions Based on Different Shapes of Hydrogen Inlet Ports
Authors: Zhang Enhui , Zhao Yangchun , Zhang Jiahui , Wang Wenchao , Yu Wenhao
Published: October 2024

In order to investigate the effects of different shapes of hydrogen inlet ports on the behavioral characteristics of hydrogen in Type IV hydrogen storage cylinders under rapid refueling conditions, a mathematical model of hydrogen temperature rise and a three-dimensional numerical analysis model were developed. The rectangular, hexagonal, triangular, Reuleaux triangular, circular, elliptical and conical inlet ports were researched by using computational fluid dynamics methods. The results showed that, for the same refueling flow rate and cross-sectional area, the hydrogen temperature inside a cylinder with a rectangular inlet port is higher and the jet tilt angle is larger than for a hexagonal port, while the thermal stratification phenomenon is not obvious. The hydrogen temperature inside a cylinder with a triangular inlet port is lower than that with a Reuleaux triangle port and the jet tilt angle is larger, and neither has significant thermal stratification. The hydrogen temperature inside a cylinder with a circular inlet port is higher than that with an ellipse port, the jets are not tilted on either one, and the phenomenon of thermal stratification is prominent. Further analysis indicated that enlarging the cross-sectional area and increasing the refueling flow rate results in a higher hydrogen temperature and intensified thermal stratification and an upward-angled jet can effectively reduce or eliminate thermal stratification.
Assessing Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Manufacturing Industries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Román Ángel Francisco Galaviz , Kabir Golam
Published: October 2024

Emissions of pollutants and their consequences for the atmosphere have received special attention from international organizations in recent years due to the climate crisis predicted in the next decades. In this regard, the Carbon Dioxide (CO2) produced in industrial sectors is one of the most concerning compounds because of its impact on global warming and climate change. This study developed a systematic review of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from manufacturing industries considering one decade of research documents focused on addressing this problem. For this, different assessments such as the trend of published articles, top-cited studies, the network evaluation of journals, and keywords network evaluation were conducted. After a careful data-driven analysis, research trends were identified. Findings revealed the increased urgency of finding and assessing information regarding the climate crisis due to CO2 emissions as well as revealing which main sectors and research areas have been involved in its investigation. Furthermore, the most influential contributions and clusters of words obtained demonstrate interrelationships among research trends that are focused on finding new paths to generate more sustainable processes in every manufacturing industry. This study aims to generate valuable insights into the role played by manufacturing industries in the context of the environmental situation, revealing trends and key points among the scientific community.
A New Topology of Multi-Input Bidirectional DC-DC Converters for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Cosso Simone , Benevieri Alessandro , Marchesoni Mario , Passalacqua Massimiliano , Vaccaro Luis , Pozzobon Paolo
Published: October 2024

A new topology of multi-input bidirectional DC-DC converters is proposed in this paper. The converter has a boost behavior, i.e., the output voltage is higher than the sum of the input voltages. This family of converters is particularly suited for hybrid energy storage systems, where different DC sources are connected together and where the output voltage is significantly higher than the voltage of a single storage. The proposed converter reduces the number of required switches, leading to higher efficiency and reduced complexity compared to traditional n-input converters. The new topology demonstrates superior performance by enabling higher efficiency with fewer components. A dedicated control, based on PI controllers, is provided to ensure stable operation under dynamic conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is tested using experimental results on a four-input 20 A/100 V converter prototype.
Design and Performance Analysis of Windings Considering High Frequency Loss and Connection Mode of a Starter Generator
Authors: Ren Xiaojun , Chen Zhikai , Du Rui , Feng Ming
Published: October 2024

The starter generator is the key component of the aircraft’s starter generation system. A high power density, efficiency, and reliability are essential for an aircraft’s starter generator. The configuration of the windings is closely related to the performance of the starter generator. In this paper, the winding performance analysis and design are studied. Considering the skin effect, circulation effect, and proximity effect, a calculation model of winding loss under high-frequency operation is established. The motor performance under different winding connections is compared. Through a comprehensive comparison of starting performance, generation loss, and process performance differences, the optimum configuration of windings is identified. The performance of the starter generator including winding resistance, current, and no-load loss was tested on the prototype platform to verify the rationality and correctness of the analysis and design methods.
Can Technological Advancement Empower the Future of Renewable Energy? A Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach
Authors: Elhaj Manal , Bousrih Jihen , Alofaysan Hind
Published: October 2024

Energy is pivotal in achieving sustainable development’s economic, social, and environmental objectives. However, to attain this crucial goal, it is essential to focus on the type of energy we generate and the methods by which we use them. The availability, accessibility, and use of green technologies have improved significantly since the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). This paper applies the pooled mean group Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG ARDL) model from 2000 to 2021 to 11 countries that, according to the Climate Council, are most affected by environmental degradation issues and are taking new initiatives to reduce their emissions. The results indicate a significant relationship between renewable energy consumption and technological advancements in the short and long term. However, there needs to be more of the literature about the negative impact of research and development on renewable energy consumption. The findings of this paper can assist policymakers in determining effective strategies in the renewable energy sector, as any technological advancement is an innovative way to transform the renewable energy industry completely. By optimizing energy production and reducing costs, technological advancement can help a country achieve its renewable energy goals.