bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethics and performance: Understanding the psychological contract of the taxation from the view of the employee tax
Authors: Yuhertiana Indrawati , Priono Hero , Moestika Setyaningrum Rina , Hastuti Sri
Published: September 2016

There is a phenomenon related to the dysfunctional behavior of unscrupulous tax officials and the reluctant of taxpayers to pay the tax. This study aims to explore the evidence of psychological tax contract in a tax official perspective. It proposes model-ing the effect of Indonesia tax reform process for determining the ethics as the im-portant variable that affects the tax officials performance. It also examines the effect of organizational commitment, culture, and tax reform on tax ethics. There were 128 tax officials working in three cities of East Java that were selected as the respon-dents. The questionnaires were distributed directly to the respondents. Partial Least Square was used to test the hypotheses. It was found that organizational commit-ment, organizational culture, and tax reform have a direct contribution to tax offi-cial ethics. However, understanding the ethics of taxation was not proved to be the moderating variable for the relationship between the organizational commitment and organizational change and the policies of rotation system explain why ethics failed as moderating variable.
The effect of political products on the decision to choose political party through the role of the candidates of legislative members as mediating variable
Authors: Widagdo Suwignyo
Published: September 2016

This study attempts to analyze; 1) the effect of political product on the decision to choose the candidate of legislative member; 2) the effect of political product on the decision to choose political party; 3) the effect of the decision to choose the candidates of legislative members on the decision to choose political party; and 4) the role of mediating variable of the decision to choose the candidate of legislative member on the affect the decision to choose political party. The data were analyzed using inferential statistical analysis of Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GeSCA). It shows that 1) the political product has an effect on the decision to choose the candidate of legislative member; 2) the mediating variable of the decision to choose the candidate of legislative member plays a very important role for the constituents in taking the decision to choose political party. However, of the existing three indicators, only personal characteristic can explain the strength of the effect of political product on the selection of political party. Yet, the second hypothesis test result shows that the path coefficient is significant and provides evidence that the second hypothesis is accepted. The decision to choose political party is increa-singly stronger as a result of the decision to choose the candidate of legislative member which is in accordance with the expectations of voters. Acquisition of the party vote will increase after the constituents know the candidates proposed. The higher the popularity and quality of the candidate is, the greater the electoral gains of a party.
An empirical examination of factors contributing to the adoption of IFRS in developing countries
Authors: Farah Mita Aria , Husnah Nurul
Published: September 2016

This research aims to analyze factors that influence the likelihood of IFRS adoption in developing countries. Research that focuses on the IFRS adoption in developing countries is limited. Developing countries are supposed to get many benefits from the adoption of IFRS as it is a cheap shortcut to improve the quality of financial reporting to attract foreign capital and to finance its development. In addition to macroeconomic factors, this research also examines the influence of institutional factors and the development of local accounting standards. Using the binomial logit regression, the result shows that the regulatory quality of a country positively af-fects the possibility of IFRS adoption in developing countries. It means that the better quality of the regulator in those countries, the higher possibility to fully adopt the IFRS. Furthermore, there is a tendency that the countries will fully adopt the IFRS when they already have local accounting standards that previously referred to international standards. The results imply that the IASB strategy should focus more on cooperation with local regulators or groups of regional cooperation to reach its objective to develop single set of high quality international standard.
Functional Dyspepsia: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Nishizawa Toshihiro , Masaoka Tatsuhiro , Suzuki Hidekazu
Published: September 2016

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a functional gastroduodenal disorder presenting with dyspeptic symptoms such as postprandial fullness, early satiety, epigastric burning, or epigastric pain in the absence of organic disease. The factors supposed to be related with symptom generation are delayed gastric emptying, impaired accommodation of the proximal stomach, abnormal gastric acid secretions, visceral hypersensitivity, and psychological factors. If H. pylori is positive, eradication treatment is recommended. The evidence‐based clinical practice guideline for FD recently developed by The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology (JSGE) proposed a two‐step pharmacological treatment. The first‐line treatment includes prokinetic agents or acid suppression therapy. If initial treatment fails, anxiolytics, antidepressants, or traditional Japanese herbal medicine can be employed.
Myasthenia Gravis: a Review
Authors: Matsumoto Hideyuki , Ugawa Yoshikazu
Published: September 2016

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an auto‐immune disorder caused by neuromuscular transmission failure, and is a representative post‐neuromuscular junctional disorder. The most common auto‐immune antibody is the anti‐acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody, which is detected in approximately 80 to 85% of MG patients. Recently, auto‐immune antibodies against the muscle‐specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) and the LDL‐receptor related protein 4 (Lrp4) have also been found. The clinical symptoms and therapeutic responses are highly dependent on the types of auto‐immune antibodies. Thymectomy is a common treatment for MG, although a recent meta‐analysis on thymectomy did not show any clinical benefit. Several new immune‐mediated therapies have become available and the therapeutic strategy is currently changing drastically. In the future, the establishment of a novel therapeutic strategy is expected for this disorder.
Specific Symptoms of Thyrotoxicosis in Japanese Patients: A Reevaluation of Classical Symptoms in Modern Thyroid Function Tests
Authors: Tagami Tetsuya , Tsuiki Mika , Nakao Kanako , Nakatani Rieko , Kakita Maiko , Ueda Yohei , Matsuo Naomi , Usui Takeshi , Naruse Mitsuhide , Shimatsu Akira
Published: September 2016

Background: Medical interview of patients can yield clues for the detection of thyroid dysfunction. However, symptoms of thyrotoxicosis as described in textbooks are based on Western populations.

Aim: To elucidate specific symptoms of thyrotoxicosis in Japanese patients.

Methods: For one year, consecutive patients who visited us for their first medical examination were asked to complete an original questionnaire about their overall complaints.

Results: Excluding patients who were already being treated for thyroid dysfunction, 267 subjects were analyzed: 67 overt hyperthyroid patients (T), 11 with subclinical hyperthyroidism (ST), 30 hypothyroid patients (H), 25 with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH), and 134 euthyroid subjects (E). Seven symptoms were cited by more than 70% of the patients in T and four were cited by more than 70% of subjects in ST. However, more than half of the subjects in E cited ‘heat intolerance’ and ‘easy fatigability’, indicating that these are considered as nonspecific and indefinite complaints to detect thyrotoxicosis. The mean severity of 19 symptoms was significantly higher in T than in E, and ROC analysis was moderately accurate at distinguishing T from E in four symptoms of ‘palpitation’, ‘shortness of breath’, ‘body weight loss’, and ‘tremor’.

Conclusions: Four symptoms — ‘palpitation’, ‘shortness of breath’, ‘body weight loss’, and ‘tremor’ — are thought be the most useful for efficiently detecting thyrotoxicosis.
Successful Combination Therapy Including Plasma Exchange for Severe Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Authors: Watari Takashi , Sato Shuku , Uojima Haruki , Tokuda Yasuharu
Published: September 2016

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare life‐threatening disorder. Although its treatment is not standardised due to the unknown pathogenesis and the lack of randomized clinical trials, systemic corticosteroids, immunoglobulins (IVIG) and immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclophosphamide have been used in the treatment of TEN with some success. We present a case with severe TEN treated successfully with combination therapy including plasma exchange. Although it is expensive and requires venous access, use of plasma exchange may be an effective measure leading to rapid cessation of dermal necrolysis, by the removal of inflammatory cytokines, autoantibodies, immune complex or other unknown toxic substances.
Good Syndrome Occurred in a Patient a Prolonged Time after Thymectomy: A Case Report and Literature Review of Cases in Japan
Authors: Nishizawa Tomotaka , Saraya Takeshi , Kurai Daisuke , Sohara Erei , Tsukahara Yayoi , Ishii Haruyuki , Goto Hajime , Takizawa Hajime
Published: September 2016

A 70‐year‐old Japanese woman was referred to our hospital with productive cough and recurrent respiratory infections. She underwent a thymectomy nine years previously for a thymoma. Based on a three‐year history of repeated respiratory infections and the presence of hypogammaglobulinemia, a diagnosis of Good syndrome was made. We reviewed forty‐six reported Japanese Good syndrome cases. The most commonly infected sites were the lungs, blood, and digestive tracts. Cases with preceding thymoma required a median time of three years (25th and 75th percentile: 1 and 7 years) until hypogammaglobulinemia emerged. The present case showed that Good syndrome should be considered even after a long time period following thymectomy.
IgG4-related Diseases – A Rare Polycystic Form of Ormond’s Disease
Authors: Průcha Miroslav , Czinner Petr , Prokopová Petra
Published: September 2016

Currently, Ormond’s disease is classified among IgG4-associated diseases. Its clinical manifestation varies and is characterized by the presence of fibrous retroperitoneal tissue that often affects the ureters or abdominal aorta and iliac arteries. We present a unique case of the polycystic form of Ormond’s disease, imitating tumour in the retroperitoneal space. At the time of diagnosis, the disease was not metabolically active and did not require immunosuppressive therapy. The polycystic mass was removed surgically. There has been no exacerbation of the disease during the last 12 months.
Critical Nonlocal Systems with Concave-Convex Powers
Authors: Chen Wenjing , Squassina Marco
Published: September 2016

By using the fibering method jointly with Nehari manifold techniques, we obtain the existence of multiple solutions to a fractional p-Laplacian system involving critical concave-convex nonlinearities, provided that a suitable smallness condition on the parameters involved is assumed. The result is obtained although there is no general classification for the optimizers of the critical fractional Sobolev embedding.
On the square subgroups of decomposable torsion-free abelian groups of rank three
Authors: Hasani Fysal , Karimi Fatemeh , Najafizadeh Alireza , Sadeghi Yousef
Published: September 2016

The square subgroup of an abelian group
Genetic diversity and population structure of Corollospora maritima sensu lato: new insights from population genetics
Authors: Velez Patricia , Gasca-Pineda Jaime , Nakagiri Akira , Hanlin Richard T. , González María C.
Published: September 2016

The study of genetic variation in fungi has been poor since the development of the theoretical underpinnings of population genetics, specifically in marine taxa. Corollospora maritima sensu lato is an abundant cosmopolitan marine fungus, playing a crucial ecological role in the intertidal environment. We evaluated the extent and distribution of the genetic diversity in the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region of 110 isolates of this ascomycete from 19 locations in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean. The diversity estimates demonstrated that C. maritima sensu lato possesses a high genetic diversity compared to other cosmopolitan fungi, with the highest levels of variability in the Caribbean Sea. Globally, we registered 28 haplotypes, out of which 11 were specific to the Caribbean Sea, implying these populations are genetically unique. We detected populations inhabiting human-impacted sites with null genetic variation. As long-term exposure to contaminants has been proven to decrease genetic diversity, a conservation genetics approach to assess this matter is urgent. Our results revealed the occurrence of five genetic lineages with distinctive environmental preferences and an overlapping geographical distribution, agreeing with previous studies reporting physiological races within this species.
Early neonatal pyloric stenosis after exposure to maternal macrolide therapy
Authors: Mendlovic Joseph , Picard Elie , Schimmel Michael , Hammerman Cathy , Joseph Leon
Published: September 2016

A case of neonatal pyloric stenosis, presenting very early in life, accompanied by massive aspiration is described. We speculate that early intrauterine exposure to maternal azithromycin therapy was linked to the disease.
Intensification of enzyme catalysed synthesis of hexyl acetate using sonication
Authors: Deshmukh Ashwini R. , Rathod Virendra K.
Published: September 2016

This present study focuses on ultrasound assisted process intensification of hexyl acetate synthesis via lipozyme RMIM catalysed transesterification of hexanol with triacetin by using hexane as a solvent. Hexyl acetate, an ester with fruity odor and significant green note is mostly used as flavor and fragrance material in various areas. Effect of various parameters on conversion of hexyl acetate such as molar ratio, enzyme loading, temperature, power, agitation speed and duty cycle was studied systematically. With the molar ratio of 1:1 of hexanol to triacetin with 4% enzyme loading (w/v), at agitation speed of 100 rpm with application of sonication at 60 W power and 70% duty cycle resulted in to 83% conversion at 50°C temperature in 4 h when compared with conventional method which requires 9 h for 68% conversion.
5-(N-Ethylcarbazol-3-yl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (ECTC): a novel fluorescent sensor for ferric ion
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Wei Huaixin , Zhai Rongjia , Ji Zhongling , Qi Yu , Zhao Xin
Published: September 2016

5-(N-Ethylcarbazol-3-yl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (ECTC), was synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. This compound strongly quenches fluorescence of Fe3+ ion, whereas almost no quenching is observed in the presence of other metal ions including Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Mn2+ and Co2+. Under optimized conditions, the fluorescence intensity of ECTC is quenched in a linear fashion by Fe3+ ion in a wide range of 0.1 μm–10 μm with the limit of detection below 0.1 μm.
Efficient synthesis of 4-amino-2,6-dichloropyridine and its derivatives
Authors: Ma Congming , Liu Zuliang , Yao Qizheng
Published: September 2016

A facile synthetic route to an important intermediate 4-amino-2,6-dichloropyridine was developed. Oxidation of 2,6-dichloropyridine as a starting material gave pyridine N-oxide derivative which was subjected to nitration followed by reduction. Subsequent nitration of the product and nucleophilic displacement reaction were carried out to afford fully substituted energetic pyridine derivatives. Most of the synthetic reactions proceeded under mild conditions.
Effect of Z Values on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Post-sintered Reaction Bonded β-SiAlON
Authors: Li Yanjun , Liu Donghua , Jin Han , Ding Donghai , Xiao Guoqing , Shi Zhongqi , Jin Zhihao
Published: September 2016

β-SiAlON materials with different Z values (Z=0.5–3) were fabricated by a reaction bonding combining post-sintering route using raw materials of Si, Al2O3, AlN, etc. The reaction bonded β-SiAlON (RB-β-SiAlON) were post-sintered at 1,750 °C for 6 h. Apparent porosity, bulk density, bending strength and Vicker’s hardness of the samples before and after post-sintering were tested. XRD results showed that the phase composition of both RB-β-SiAlON and post-sintered RB-β-SiAlON (PSRB-β-SiAlON) were β-SiAlON. For RB-β-SiAlON, the apparent porosity was decreased with the increase of Z values, while the strength and hardness was increased accordingly. After the post-sintering procedure, nearly full densified PSRB-β-SiAlON was obtained and the mechanical properties were significantly improved. The bending strength and Vicker’s hardness of the PSRB-β-SiAlON (Z=0.5) achieved 510 MPa and 16.5 GPa, respectively, which were as 2.7 and 6.7 times high as those of the corresponding RB-β-SiAlON. However, the strength and hardness of PSRB-β-SiAlON decreased with the increase of Z value due to the grain growth.
A Study at the Workability of Ultra-High Strength Steel Sheet by Processing Maps on the Basis of DMM
Authors: Xia Yu Feng , Long Shuai , Wang Tian-Yu , Zhao Jia
Published: September 2016

The hot workability of the ultra-high strength steel BR1500HS has been investigated by processing maps. A series of hot deformation tensile tests were carried out on a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator in the deformation temperature range of 773–1,223 K and strain rate range of 0.01–10 s–1. The obtained flow stress curves reveal that the peak stress increases with the rising of strain rate and decreases with the rising of temperature. Based on dynamic materials model (DMM), the processing maps at the strains of 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 were developed, and the optimum hot working conditions were recommended as the temperature range of 1,200–1,223 K and the strain rate range of 0.01–0.1 s–1, where the peak power dissipation efficiency is about 37 % revealing the occurrence of typical dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The main instability defects are deformation twinning and micro-crack occurring mainly at the temperature range of 773–873 K with the strain rate higher than 1 s–1. In order to deeply understand the microstructure mechanisms, the Zener–Hollomon parameter is solved, and then the self-diffusion activation energy is compared with the apparent activation energy Q at different deformation temperatures and strain rates.
Experimental Study on Application of Boron Mud Secondary Resource to Oxidized Pellets Production
Authors: Fu Xiao-Jiao , Chu Man-Sheng , Zhao Jia-Qi , Chen Shuang-Yin , Liu Zheng-Gen , Wang Si-Yuan
Published: September 2016

In order to realize comprehensive and massive treatment of boron mud secondary resource, fundamental study on boron mud applied to oxidized pellets production as additive was carried out in the paper under laboratory conditions. The effects of boron mud on the performance of oxidized pellets were investigated systemically, and boron mud was combined with other boron-rich material innovatively. The results showed that, within certain limits, boron mud can improve properties of oxidized pellets. The bentonite content decreased to 0.3 % when adding 1.0 % boron mud additive and the pellets met blast furnace requirements. With the combination additive content 0.8 %, bentonite content can be further decreased to 0.2 %, and the pellets properties were better than base pellet. Therefore, it was an effective way to reduce environmental pollution and optimize blast furnace operation by developing boron mud secondary resource as pellets additive.
Galilei, Torricelli, Stahl – Zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte der Physik in der B-Vorrede zu Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft
Authors: Lemanski Jens
Published: September 2016

In the second preface to the
Können „wir uns glücklich machen“?
Authors: Albrecht Michael
Published: September 2016

The critical Kant no longer advanced the view that man can achieve his happiness with the aid of prudence. In the
Random attractors for stochastic two-compartment Gray-Scott equations with a multiplicative noise
Authors: Jia Xiaoyao , Gao Juanjuan , Ding Xiaoquan
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we consider the existence of a pullback attractor for the random dynamical system generated by stochastic two-compartment Gray-Scott equation for a multiplicative noise with the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition on a bounded domain of space dimension n ≤ 3. We first show that the stochastic Gray-Scott equation generates a random dynamical system by transforming this stochastic equation into a random one. We also show that the existence of a random attractor for the stochastic equation follows from the conjugation relation between systems. Then, we prove pullback asymptotical compactness of solutions through the uniform estimate on the solutions. Finally, we obtain the existence of a pullback attractor.
Structures of W(2.2) Lie conformal algebra
Authors: Yuan Lamei , Wu Henan
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this paper is to study W(2, 2) Lie conformal algebra, which has a free ℂ[∂]-basis {L, M} such that

[

L
λ

L
]
=
(
∂
+
2
λ
)
L
,
[

L
λ

M
]
=
(
∂
+
2
λ
)
M
,
[

M
λ

M
]
=
0

$\begin{equation}[{L_\lambda }L] = (\partial + 2\lambda )L,[{L_\lambda }M] = (\partial + 2\lambda )M,[{M_\lambda }M] = 0]\end{equation}$

. In this paper, we study conformal derivations, central extensions and conformal modules for this Lie conformal algebra. Also, we compute the cohomology of this Lie conformal algebra with coefficients in its modules. In particular, we determine its cohomology with trivial coefficients both for the basic and reduced complexes.
On the number of spanning trees, the Laplacian eigenvalues, and the Laplacian Estrada index of subdivided-line graphs
Authors: Shang Yilun
Published: September 2016

As a generalization of the Sierpiński-like graphs, the subdivided-line graph Г(G) of a simple connected graph G is defined to be the line graph of the barycentric subdivision of G. In this paper we obtain a closed-form formula for the enumeration of spanning trees in Г(G), employing the theory of electrical networks. We present bounds for the largest and second smallest Laplacian eigenvalues of Г(G) in terms of the maximum degree, the number of edges, and the first Zagreb index of G. In addition, we establish upper and lower bounds for the Laplacian Estrada index of Г(G) based on the vertex degrees of G. These bounds are also connected with the number of spanning trees in Г(G).
A classification of low dimensional multiplicative Hom-Lie superalgebras
Authors: Wang Chunyue , Zhang Qingcheng , Wei Zhu
Published: September 2016

We study a twisted generalization of Lie superalgebras, called Hom-Lie superalgebras. It is obtained by twisting the graded Jacobi identity by an even linear map. We give a complete classification of the complex multiplicative Hom-Lie superalgebras of low dimensions.
The Right to Exclude, Human Rights,and Political Facts
Authors: Hahn Henning
Published: September 2016

In this paper I will defend a limited right to exclusion. Legitimate states are entitled to refuse the entrance of unwanted immigrants, if necessary with force. However, I will also work out leverage points for a cosmopolitan critique of this view, one that starts with national borders as they are and constructs human rights conditionalities as they could be. In particular, I propose an immanent critique of Michael Blake’s jurisdictional theory of immigration. Blake gives a compelling argument that sovereign states have a prerogative to decide upon their own border policies, a prerogative that is only constrained by the international human rights regime. However, even if cosmopolitans accept this argument (which I think they should), they still have good reasons to expand the prevailing human rights regime in three respects: with regard to the classification of basic human rights, the domain of human rights obligations, and blind spots of the current human rights regime.
Additional Reflections on Putnam, Wright and Brains in Vats
Authors: Noonan Harold W.
Published: September 2016

Putnam’s argument against the sceptical Brain-in-a-Vat hypothesis continues to intrigue. I argue in what follows that the argument refutes a particular kind of sceptic and make a proposal about its more general significance. To appreciate the soundness of the argument, I explain, we need to appreciate that the sceptic’s contention is that I cannot know that I am not a brain in a vat even if I am not. This is why in response to the sceptic it is legitimate to make a transition from knowing that a sentence is true to knowing the truth it expresses, which is the crucial move in the argument.
Ultracompact all-optical logic gates based on nonlinear plasmonic nanocavities
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Hu Xiaoyong , Yang Hong , Gong Qihuang
Published: September 2016

In this study, nanoscale integrated all-optical XNOR, XOR, and NAND logic gates were realized based on all-optical tunable on-chip plasmon-induced transparency in plasmonic circuits. A large nonlinear enhancement was achieved with an organic composite cover layer based on the resonant excitation-enhancing nonlinearity effect, slow light effect, and field confinement effect provided by the plasmonic nanocavity mode, which ensured a low excitation power of 200 μW that is three orders of magnitude lower than the values in previous reports. A feature size below 600 nm was achieved, which is a one order of magnitude lower compared to previous reports. The contrast ratio between the output logic states “1” and “0” reached 29 dB, which is among the highest values reported to date. Our results not only provide an on-chip platform for the study of nonlinear and quantum optics but also open up the possibility for the realization of nanophotonic processing chips based on nonlinear plasmonics.
Ecology of testate amoebae (Protists) in a Sphagnum-dominated peat bog and the relationship between species assemblages and environmental parameters
Authors: Niedźwiecki Michał , Mieczan Tomasz , Adamczuk Małgorzata
Published: September 2016

Despite its ecological importance, little information is available regarding spatial and seasonal changes in the testate amoebae community in peat bogs. The objectives of this study were to examine the structure of communities and horizontal distribution of testate amoebae fauna, to improve the understanding of factors affecting the distribution of moss testate amoebae communities and to analyze the seasonal changes in testate amoebae communities in a Sphagnum-dominated peat bog (eastern Poland). A total of 45 testate amoebae species were identified in the samples. The highest species richness occurred in hollows dominated by Sphagnum angustifollum, much lower numbers of taxa were observed in hummocks dominated by Sphagnum magellanicum and Polytrichum. The Monte Carlo permutation test showed the significance of Ntot, temperature, pH, and the depth to the water table for the variability of testate amoebae in all microhabitats. Species found in spring samples were associated with the increased Ntot content. Species occurring in summer samples were associated with the increasing pH gradient and species developing in late spring and autumn preferred a greater depth to the water table.
“Where the Shoe Pinches”: True Equity in Trollope’s The Warden
Authors: Watt Gary
Published: September 2016

Anthony’s Trollope’s short novel
“… and if, in time, equity…”. An Exploration of the Time(s) of Equity Diagrammed through Image
Authors: Bottomley Anne
Published: September 2016

How can equity (in relation to common law) be thought or rather imaged? Drawing on Serres’s topographical account of time, it is suggested that equity carries (and contributes to law) accounts of time beyond the lineal timeframe familiar to common law, thereby enriching not only the temporal but also the spatial reach of law, a fundamental contribution to the development of sophisticated legal designs for property and commercial law serving early capital. The argument is traced in (teased out from) a Deleuzean use of image to diagram potentials for new engagements with thinking and practicing equity, a celebration of the role of the artisan (here as baker).
“From their Graves”: The Theme of Burial and the Work of the Modern Jurist in F. W. Maitland’s Equity also the Forms of Action at Common Law
Authors: Mussawir Edward
Published: September 2016

This paper focuses on the “grave” in the scholarship of Frederic William Maitland. It focuses on Maitland’s later life, his relation to biographical writing and to his series of lectures published posthumously in 1909 as
Understanding the interactive effects of material parameters governing the printer toner properties: a response surface study
Authors: Andami Fatemeh , Ataeefard Maryam , Najafi Farhood , Saeb Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2016

Toner is a fine powder composed of a resin and a coloring agent, which has been massively used in digital printing. The successfulness of digital printing can be measured in terms of the degree to which the properties of toner are finely controlled. In this work, we applied response surface methodology (RSM) to synthesize printing toners with appropriate physical and color properties. Based on a systematic experimental pattern proposed by RSM, styrene and butyl acrylate monomers are copolymerized through suspension polymerization to determine the individual and interactive effects of foregoing material parameters on the particle size, particle size distribution, and thermal and color properties of the resulting toner composites. Different analyses are carried out through which the optimum criterion for manufacturing well-controlled toner particles is established. Particularly, the results show that fine-tuning of toner properties depends on the careful regulation of material parameters, which we have learned from interactive effect identification.
Regenerative peripheral neuropathic pain: novel pathological pain, new therapeutic dimension
Authors: Ding You-Quan , Xie Wei-Ze , Qi Jian-Guo
Published: September 2016

After peripheral nerve damage, injured or stressed primary sensory neurons (PSNs) transmitting pathological pain (pathopain) sensitize central nervous system (CNS) neural circuits and determine behavioral phenotypes of peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP). Therefore, phenotypic profiling of pathopain-transmitting PSNs is vital for probing and discovering PNP conditions. Following peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs), PNP might be potentially transmitted by distinct classes of damaged or stressed PSNs, such as axotomized PSNs without regeneration (axotomy-non-regenerative neurons), axotomized PSNs with accurate regeneration (axotomy-regenerative neurons), and spared intact PSNs adjacent to axotomized neurons (axotomy-spared neurons). Both axotomy-non-regenerative neurons and axotomy-spared neurons have been definitely shown to participate in specific PNP transmission. However, whether axotomy-regenerative neurons could transmit PNP with unique features has remained unclear. Recent studies in rodent models of axonotmesis have clearly demonstrated that axotomy-regenerative neurons alone transmit persistent pathological pain with unique behavioral phenotypes. In this review, we exclusively review this novel category of PNP, reasonably term it ‘regenerative peripheral neuropathic pain’, and finally discuss its potential clinical significance as a new therapeutic dimension for PNIs beyond nerve regeneration.
Brain metabolic DNA in memory processing and genome turnover
Authors: Giuditta Antonio , Grassi-Zucconi Gigliola , Sadile Adolfo G.
Published: September 2016

Sophisticated methods are currently used to investigate the properties of brain DNA and clarify its role under physiological conditions and in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Attention is now called on a DNA fraction present in the adult rat brain that is characterized by an elevated turnover and is not involved in cell division or DNA repair. The fraction, known as brain metabolic DNA (BMD), is modulated by strain, stress, circadian oscillations, exposure to enriched or impoverished environment, and notably by several training protocols and post-trial sleep. BMD is frequently localized in glial cells but is also present in neurons, often in the perinucleolar region. Its distribution in repetitive and non-repetitive DNA fractions shows that BMD differs from native DNA and that in learning rats its profile differs from that of control rats. More detailed knowledge of the molecular, cellular, and time-dependent BMD features will be necessary to define its role in memory acquisition and processing and in the pathogenesis of neurologic disorders.
The Spanish doubled possessive construction from a cross-linguistic perspective
Authors: Eguren Luis
Published: September 2016

This paper presents a cross-linguistic analysis of the Old and American Spanish doubled possessive construction, in which the possessor is doubly marked in a nominal phrase by means of both a third person prenominal possessive pronoun and a prepositional possessive phrase (su casa de Juan ‘lit. his house of John’). This construction is contrasted, in particular, with the French clitic possessive doubling construction (son livre à lui ‘lit. his book to him’) and the Germanic possessor doubling construction (dem Vater seine Katze ‘lit. the father his cat’), showing that the properties of the Spanish structure significantly differ from those of the French and Germanic patterns. A previous view of its typological status whereby the Spanish construction is related to the formal expression of inalienable possession in other languages is further critically discussed, and it is proposed instead that the prenominal possessive in the Spanish doubled possessive construction belongs to the class of evaluative possessives.
Final devoicing and deletion of /-d/ in Castilian Spanish
Authors: Hualde José Ignacio , Eager Christopher D.
Published: September 2016

In the Spanish of north-western Spain, word-final /-d/ shows a remarkable variety of phonetic outcomes. Its possible realizations include voiced approximants, voiceless fricatives and voiced and voiceless plosives, in addition to the deletion of the segment. Here we examine this complex pattern of allophony in a corpus of conversational speech, focusing on the effect of the following phonological context. The results show that most commonly /-d/ is either deleted or realized as a voiceless fricative. Voiceless fricatives are found in all phrasal contexts, but with significantly higher frequency before pause than before a vowel, which is consistent with the hypothesis of diachronic extension of the devoicing from the former context to the latter. The devoicing of /-d/ is neutralizing. Voiceless fricative realizations of /-d/ do not differ from those of phonemic /-θ/ either in amount of voicing or in duration. This implies that deletion and devoicing represent two alternative patterns of reduction starting from [ð], since phonemic /-θ/ is not subject to deletion. Whereas the deletion of /-d/ has lexical exceptions, its devoicing does not. Among the majority of /d/-final words, for which deletion is possible, the relative frequency with which they undergo deletion vs. devoicing appears to vary substantially depending on the specific lexical item. That is, both position in phrase and lexical identity probabilistically determine the realization of /-d/. In addition to contributing to our understanding of the synchronic and diachronic phonology of word-final obstruents in Spanish, we consider the extent to which these data, showing variable word-final devoicing, may help us understand the historical evolution of the crosslinguistically common phenomenon of systematic word-final devoicing.
Olive leaf extract containing oleuropein modulates the cytotoxic effect of epirubicin on breast cancer cells depending on the cell line
Authors: Korkmaz Seniz , Sarimahmut Mehmet , Ozel Mustafa Zafer , Ulukaya Engin
Published: September 2016

Objective

Epidemiologic studies showed that nutrition plays a role in incidence of cancer. However, little is known if nutrition also modulates the effect of chemotherapeutics. For this purpose, the present study investigates the cytotoxic effect of olive leaf extract and its combination with epirubicin.

Method

Cell viability was measured via ATP assay on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines. Apoptosis was detected by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and the expression of apoptosis-related genes. A single extract was used throughout the study.

Results

Both olive leaf extract and epirubicin resulted in cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines. The extract further increased the cytotoxic effect of epirubicin in MDA-MB-231 cell line. However, in contrast, it abolished the cytotoxic effect of epirubicin in MCF-7 cell line. As a confirmative result, the increased expressions of FASLG and HRK following epirubicin treatment were down-regulated when epirubicin was used in combination with the extract in MCF-7 cells.

Conclusion

Olive leaf extract modulates the cytotoxic effect of epirubicin when it is in combination depending on the type of cell line. This warrants further in vivo experiments for better understanding of this intriguing result.
La modernización de la economía en España a través del discurso periodístico: unas referencias al papel de Luis Olariaga / The modernization of economics in Spain through journalism speech: some references to the role of Luis Olariaga
Authors: Pérez Calle Begoña , Marta Lazo Carmen , Arranz Martínez Pilar
Published: September 2016

La modernización de los estudios de Economía en España se produjo a lo largo de un periodo en el cual las visiones regeneracionistas presidían la mayoría de los discursos políticos y económicos y, además, se habían asentado en algunas cátedras, pudiendo hablar de una modernización vinculada a la realidad española de cada momento. Por un lado, se produciría una entrada académica de análisis rigurosos a través de nuevas generaciones que ampliaban sus conocimientos en otros países europeos gracias a la Junta de Ampliación de Estudios, e importaban los últimos desarrollos de autores extranjeros relevantes. Por otro, serían una pieza clave los textos argumentativos y de opinión, como herramienta divulgativa, a través de la cual se explicarían, de una forma analítica y rigurosa, fuera de las cátedras, ciertos asuntos económicos relevantes en la época del Regeneracionismo español. En este artículo, analizamos este fenómeno a través del discurso de uno de los autores más característicos, Luis Olariaga, un articulista, antecesor del periodismo económico.
El discurso transgresor del cine de Rowland Brown (1931-1933): Una breve carrera en el Hollywood pre-code /	The transgressive discourse of Rowland Brown’s cinema (1931-1933): A brief career in pre-code Hollywood
Authors: Guiralt Gomar Carmen
Published: September 2016

El presente artículo consiste en el análisis de la obra y trayectoria fílmica del cineasta Rowland Brown, uno de los primeros (si no el primero) directores-guionistas de Hollywood. Desarrolló su carrera en el periodo Pre-Code y tan solo realizó tres idiosincráticas películas vinculadas al género gangster: Quick Millions (1931), Hell’s Highway (1932) y Blood Money (1933). Numerosas razones contribuyeron a que fuera expulsado de Hollywood y no se le permitiera volver a dirigir, entre ellas el discurso enormemente transgresor y crítico de su cine. A pesar de la singularidad y originalidad de su corpus fílmico, en la actualidad Brown es una figura olvidada, tan solo reconocido por un prestigioso grupo de historiadores cinematográficos. Su cine todavía no ha sido estudiado en profundidad. Este artículo tiene como fin último contribuir a suplir esa laguna de la Historia del Cine.
Las informaciones económicas en la prensa generalista digital: una propuesta de mejora y simplificación de las estructuras / Economic information in the digital generalist press: a proposal for improvement and simplification of structures
Authors: Berdasco Gancedo Yolanda
Published: September 2016

La economía y las finanzas están insertas en el día a día de los ciudadanos a pesar de que en numerosas ocasiones, las informaciones de este área les resulten ajenas y abstractas. El conocimiento que la opinión pública, en líneas generales, presenta acerca de los temas relacionados con la economía y las finanzas dista mucho de ser satisfactorio como han demostrado estudios recientes. A través de este estudio, queremos conocer las características lingüísticas de los textos informativos del área de la economía y las finanzas publicados diarios digitales generalistas. El objetivo final es encontrar cuáles son las características que pueden hacer más sencilla o más compleja la divulgación de los conocimientos económicos y plantear propuestas de mejora en la formación de los periodistas económicos para contribuir a una mejora en la transmisión de estas informaciones.
La observación como herramienta científica / The observation as a scientific tool
Authors: Moreno Lucas Francisco Manuel
Published: September 2016

El presente volumen tiene como objetivo primordial ser un texto práctico y asequible en la introducción al uso científico de la observación y para entusiasmar a la investigación en Ciencias Sociales.
Falta de veracidad en publicidad. El ejemplo de la publicidad de productos adelgazantes / Lack of truthfulness in advertising. The example of advertising of slimming products
Authors: Pellicer Jordá María Teresa
Published: September 2016

La publicidad es acusada de mentir en muchas ocasiones, pero estas acusaciones se vuelven más intensas cuando hablamos de anuncios de productos adelgazantes. A lo largo de este artículo vamos a analizar algunos de estos anuncios y analizar sus faltas éticas, así como los perjuicios que suponen en la sociedad.
Adopción de redes sociales digitales en las pymes de la industria del calzado de la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México / Adoption of digital networks in smes footwear industry in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
Authors: Cota Yañez Rosario , Antonio Cosme Jazmín
Published: September 2016

Las tecnologías de información y comunicación han logrado un cambio en las empresas, de acuerdo con cifras del Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática (INEGI) de las 4 millones 734 unidades empresariales existentes en México 99.8% son micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas. Del total de estos negocios, casi 30 por ciento utiliza alguna tecnología de la información y comunicación, como PC e internet, según cifras de la Secretaría de Economía. Entre las tecnologías de información y comunicación figuran las redes sociales digitales que son una alternativa de ayuda para las pequeñas y medianas empresas (Pymes), con las cuales se puede lograr un gran avance de sus negocios, posiblemente un incremento de ventas, popularidad del productor, lazos entre sus clientes, hasta llegar a tener una mayor presencia en el mercado.El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer el porcentaje de empresas en la Zona metropolitana de Guadalajara, Jalisco que han o están utilizando las redes sociales digitales y los beneficios que esto les ha atribuido, así como afirmar la hipótesis que estas nuevas tecnologías han logrado convertirse en una buena estrategia para el crecimiento de las pymes.
Oil Field Data Mining
Authors: Mohaghegh Shahab D. , Artun Emre
Published: September 2016

Today, large volumes of data are collected in the oil and gas industry. Data collection starts even before drilling for oil and gas. Seismic survey used to be the process during which the largest volume of data in the exploration and production industry is collected. With the invention and continuous use of sensors and such processes as measurement while drilling, logging while drilling, and permanent downhole gauges for smart fields, large volumes of data are collected and stored during drilling and operation of the wells. The large percentage of the data that currently is collected in the oil field is never used for decision making. Oil field data mining is set to change this. Oil field data mining provides the means for making the most of the investment that has gone into collection and storage of the data. Oil field data mining is a set of tools and technologies used to extract information and knowledge from the collected data in the exploration and production industry. The main characteristics of oil field data mining is its use of data-driven solutions as opposed to deterministic approaches that have dominated the exploration and production industry for the past five decades. One of the most significant attributes of oil field data mining that distinguishes it from conventional statistical approaches (that recently have became popular) is its use of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence has been called by different names. It has been referred to as “virtual intelligence,” “computational intelligence,” and “soft computing.” Among these names, “artificial intelligence” is now used most often as an umbrella term. Artificial intelligence may be defined as a collection of analytic tools that attempts to imitate life. Artificial intelligence techniques exhibit an ability to learn and deal with new situations. Artificial neural networks, evolutionary programming, and fuzzy logic are among the technologies that are classified as artificial intelligence. These techniques possess one or more attributes of “reason,” such as generalization, discovery, association, and abstraction. In the past decade, artificial intelligence has matured to include a set of analytic tools that facilitate solving problems that were previously difficult or impossible to solve. The current trend is the integration of these tools as well as the use conventional statistics and deterministic solutions to build sophisticated systems that can solve challenging problems. Artificial intelligence is used in areas such as medical diagnosis, credit card fraud detection, bank loan approval, smart household appliances, subway systems, automatic transmissions, financial portfolio management, robot navigation systems, and many more. In the oil and gas industry, these tools have been used to solve problems related to pressure transient analysis, well log interpretation, reservoir characterization, and candidate well selection for stimulation, among other things.