bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feed Digestion, Growth and Disease Prevalence in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Cultured at Different Water Exchange Rates in a Recirculating Aquaculture System
Authors: Obirikorang Kwasi Adu , Opoku Emmanuel Nkwantabisa , Gyampoh Benjamin Apraku
Published: February 2022

The quality of culture water and the rate of water flow within a culture system can affect fish growth and health. In this study, the effects of different water flow rates on digestion efficiency, growth and welfare of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Initial weight: 25.75±0.47 g) were investigated. Fish (15 per tank) were randomly stocked into twelve 150 L thermoplastic tanks of a recirculating aquaculture system and subjected in quadruplicate groups to water flow rates of 50 Lh-1 (Low exchange;
LE), 100 Lh-1 (Medium exchange; ME) and 150 Lh-1 (High exchange; HE) for 72 days. Water quality parameters including total ammonia nitrogen, nitrate and alkalinity, dry matter, protein and lipid digestibilities, somatic growth and some welfare indicators including haematology and disease prevelance were monitored. There were no significant differences in growth among the treatments. Higher prevalence of cataract, fin erosion, oral and dermal lesions were observed in the LE and ME treatments indicating compromised welfare. There were no statistical differences among the treatments in terms of nutrient digestibility. This study has shown that culturing Nile tilapia under moderately high water flow rates of at least 100% tank water replacement per hour in RAS ensures good growth and feed utilization.
Čimbenici i problemi dobrobiti mačaka – kućnih ljubimaca
Authors: Pavičić Željko , Pečarić Leon , Sabolek Ivana , Matković Kristina , Ostović Mario
Published: February 2022

Mačke su među najbrojnijim kućnim ljubimcima Zapadnog svijeta. Kao kućni ljubimci ovise o vlasniku i često su izložene stresnim podražajima zbog neznanja i neinformiranosti o njihovim vrsno/pasminsko specifičnim potrebama. U ovom radu sažeti su najčešći i najistaknutiji čimbenici i problemi dobrobiti mačaka – kućnih ljubimaca. Glavni uzroci narušene dobrobiti najčešće su neprikladni smještaj i hranidba, uz nemogućnost izražavanja vrsno karakterističnog ponašanja. Takvi uvjeti mogu rezultirati bolestima, poremećajima u ponašanju ili pak neželjenim ponašanjima. Zato bi se vlasnici prije nabavke mačke trebali informirati o njezinim potrebama kako bi joj osigurali dobro fizičko i mentalno zdravlje.
Empirijska analiza usporedbe ekstrinzičnih i intrinzičnih motivacijskih čimbenika između poduzetnika i intrapoduzetnika
Authors: Turuk Mladen , Morić Milovanović Bojan , Galić Tihana
Published: February 2022

Motivacija predstavlja čimbenik koji izaziva određeno željeno ponašanje, pri čemu različiti čimbenici određuju željeno ponašanje kod različitih tipova promatranih ekonomskih
subjekata. Cilj rada je steći dublje razumijevanje glavnih razlika motivacije poduzetnika i
intrapoduzetnika. U radu je pružen teorijski prikaz poduzetnika i intrapoduzetnikate su
navedene najznačajnije sadržajne teorije motivacije. Također, u radu su prikazani različiti
čimbenici motivacije koji su korišteni u istraživanju. Od ekstrizičnih motivacijskih čimbenika ispitivali su se novčana nagrada, izazov i trening, dok su se intrizični čimbenici ispitivali kroz moć, pripadnost i priznanje. Kako bi se ustanovilo navedeno provedeno je kvalitativno istraživanje te je u namjernom uzorku metodom polustandardiziranog intervjua
ispitan utjecaj intrizičnih i ekstrizičnih čimbenika na motivaciju poduzetnika i intrapoduzetnika. Ustanovljeno je kako su poduzetnici više motivirani novcem i moći u usporedbi s
onim što motivira intrapoduzetnike, a to su izazov i priznanje. Što se tiče treninga, pripadnosti i uspjeha, ti su faktori bili jednako motivirajući za poduzetnike i za intrapoduzetnike.
Učinkovita gospodarska diplomacija te nužnost implementacije novog modela u Republici Hrvatskoj
Authors: Babić Marko
Published: February 2022

Važnost gospodarske diplomacije iznimno je naglašena s pojavom i sve većim utjecajem
globalizacije kao procesa unutar kojeg su države i njihova gospodarstva postali međusobno ovisni i isprepleteni više nego ikad u povijesti. Sukladno tome, učinkovitost gospodarske diplomacije odnosno njezini dosezi postaju predmetom detaljnih i brojnih analiza, sve
s ciljem što značajnijih krajnjih rezultata. Kao i u mnogim drugim sferama političkog i gospodarskog života, države ne provode iste strategije ni aktivnosti, a posljedično ne postižu
ni iste ili čak slične rezultate u toj utakmici na globalnoj sceni. Opća je ocjena svih relevantnih dionika i komentatora da Republika Hrvatska u svojih tridesetak godina neovisnosti
i samostalnosti nije iskoristila potencijal i prilike koje aktivna, moderna i učinkovita gospodarska diplomacija nudi kao sve značajnija sastavnica diplomacije. Djelomično se takvi
rezultati mogu opravdati trajanjem i posljedicama Domovinskog rata zbog kojeg je cjelokupni gospodarski razvoj zemlje na nižoj razini nego što bi bio da nije bilo rata. No, posve je
razvidno da dosadašnji modus operandi koji Republika Hrvatska koristi u gospodarskoj diplomaciji nije dao željene rezultate. Upravo stoga u ovome se članku, između ostalog, analizira postojeći hrvatski model te daju jasne i konkretne preporuke o tome kojim smjerom
odnosno putem bi Hrvatska ubuduće trebala krenuti.
Inclusive Equality
Authors: Witcher Sally
Published: February 2022

In this ambitious, wide-ranging book, the author asks what it takes to create inclusive, cohesive societies, and formulates a vision for social justice as 'inclusive equality'.
Diversity in Family Life
Authors: Ruspini Elisabetta
Published: February 2022

This book aims to show that, in the twenty-first century, it is possible to live, love, and form a family without sex, without children, without a shared home, without a partner, without a working husband, without a heterosexual orientation or without a biological sexual body.
Delivering Personal Health Budgets
Authors: Alakeson Vidhya
Published: February 2022

This book contains everything there is to know about the purpose and history of personal health budgets, the evidence for their effectiveness and the challenges they pose to traditional healthcare systems.
Moving on from Munro
Authors: Munro Eileen
Published: February 2022

Four years after the publication of the influential Munro Report (2011) this important publication draws together a range of experts working in the field of child protection to critically examine what impact the reforms have had on multi-agency child protection systems in this country, at both local and national level.
Taking Stock
Authors: Stewart John
Published: February 2022

This topical book examines social welfare in Scotland since devolution. In particular, it focuses on the politics of welfare during and after the devolution process; poverty and inequality; and the two single most important powers devolved to the Edinburgh Parliament, education and health. It is the first work to attempt such a synthesis.
Growth in Area Coverage and Production Under Organic Farming in India
Authors: H Heena
Published: February 2022

"Organic agriculture is a unique production management technique that fosters and increases agroecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity, while excluding all synthetic off-farm inputs. This research uses time series data on area, production, and trade from 2009 to 2021 to examine the growth and trajectory of organic production in India. To make reliable judgments, descriptive statistics such as percentage, average, and compound growth rates were calculated. Organic farming is becoming increasingly popular around the world. In the year 2019, over 72.28 million ha of agricultural land were managed organically by almost 3.13 million growers around the world. India boasts the world’s greatest number of organic farmers. At the moment, the total cultivated area (organic + in-conversion) is 2.65 million hectares, with 3.47 million tonnes of organic production coming from the total cultivated area. India is a major exporter of organic products to many countries around the world. During 2020-21, a total of 888180 metric tonnes was exported. As demand for organic products grows in both the local and international markets, organic food enterprises have plenty of room to expand and create cash to help the Indian farm economy."
Post Reform Trends in Profitability in Crop Cultivation in Kerala: Evidences from the Cost of Cultivation Survey Data
Authors: Abraham Ranjith Mathew
Published: February 2022

"Profitability is the major objective of any farm or firm. The high wage rate in the state and the rapid rise in the cost of cultivation have raised questions regarding the profitability of crop cultivation in Kerala. The post reform period has been a period of agrarian distress with falling prices and declining income of the farmers There has been a tendency for the farmer to withdraw from paddy cultivation in Kerala due to uneconomic returns.. Cultivation of paddy and other annual crops is a losing proposition. In the background of this context, this study attempts to compute the profitability of crop cultivation of seven selected crops in the state. The data published in the Cost of Cultivation reports of the Department of Economics and Statistics, Government of Kerala is used in this study. Though there has been a rapid increase in wage rate and the cost of cultivation, the study shows that the gross value of output has increased faster. The farmer being rational has resorted to coping strategies like reducing the percentage of hired human labour in the total operational cost. When considering Cost A, crop cultivation has been profitable, but while considering cost B, crop cultivation has been highly unprofitable. The rapid increase in the value of land is the prime cause for the spiraling increase in cost B. Banana, Pepper and tapioca has been the most profitable crops in the state. The profitability of paddy crop has not been commensurate when compared to the profit accruing to other crops in Kerala. Any effort to increase the area under paddy cultivation must provide price and non-price incentives to the farmers."
Dynamics of Cropping Pattern in Cotton Growing Districts of Maharashtra
Authors: Reddy A.R.
Published: February 2022

"Shifts in cropping pattern were analyzed with reference to cotton in major cotton growing districts of Maharashtra with the help of Markov chain analysis. The analysis revealed that in 14 among the 19 cotton growing districts, cotton area increased during the study period (2000-01 to 2017-18) while 5 districts experienced decrease in cotton area. Cotton crop was found to have high retention capacity in almost all the districts with a probability ranging from 0.53 to 0.98 among the cotton growing districts. The main crops that lost their area to cotton were pigeon pea, maize, black gram, soybean and other kharif pulses. Castor, small millets, groundnut and sunflower also lost their area to cotton. Crops like soybean, maize, pigeon pea, black gram and green gram also got area from cotton in some districts but the probability was very less. Stable and good prices, stable yield and easy to market are the reasons for preferring cotton over other crops. High cost of cultivation and non availability of labour are the major reasons for not preferring cotton crop."
Oyster Mushroom Production in Meghalaya: A Potential Venture
Authors: Hatai Lakshmi Dhar
Published: February 2022

"Oyster mushroom production, which is profitable agri-business enterprise for enhancing farm income, generating additional employment and subsistence to nutritional security. Considering the growing demand and importance of oyster mushroom production for promising enterprise, an attempt has been made to estimate the cost and returns of growing oyster mushroom, to identify various determinants affecting its value of mushroom productivity. The study was carried out in Rongram block, West Garo Hills of Meghalaya using 60 oyster mushroom growers. Findings revealed that the total cost depicted a decreasing trend with increase in the size of beds spawned due to economies of scale. On overall basis, the total cost estimated to be ` 467 per 5 units of polybag beds spawned. The returns from mushroom cultivation depicted a positive association with farm size; these are ` 58/kg, ` 76/kg and ` 120/kg for small, medium and large mushroom farms respectively. It was worked out in the overall farm size that one rupee invested in mushroom growing, yields about ` 1.55. The input-output ratio was highest on large mushroom farms (1.82), followed by medium (1.48) and small (1.35) farms. The single window input delivery system should be encouraged in the study area. There was a felt need for a linkage and full co-operation between the state government, financial institutions, researchers, scientists, extension workers and mushroom growers on different advanced technological aspects of better production oyster mushroom, which would help the farmers’ to get remunerative prices for their products."
THE IMPACT OF TWO ANTICOAGULANTS ON ERYTHROCYTES MORPHOLOGY IN DIFFERENT VERTEBRATE SPECIES
Authors: COCAN Daniel , MIREŞAN Vioara , RĂDUCU Camelia , UIUIU Paul , GIURGIU Alexandru , PĂPUC Tudor , CONSTANTINESCU Radu , LAŢIU Călin
Published: February 2022

In this study, we aimed to highlight the influence of anticoagulants on erythrocyte morphometry in different vertebrate species. Anticoagulants are a category of substances that inhibit blood clotting through various mechanisms. Due to this property, they are used to collect blood samples for a wide range of laboratory tests. The literature mentions that the use of anticoagulants produces morphological changes of erythrocytes, thus influencing results. Blood samples were collected from three warm-blooded vertebrate species (horse, rabbit, and chicken) and one lower vertebrate species with nucleated erythrocytes (fish) in vacutainers with Heparin and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), in a normal concentration and a double concentration. At the time of harvesting, control smears were performed. In order to be able to compare the effects produced by anticoagulants on the morphology of erythrocytes, they were evaluated morphometrically at intervals of 3, 6, and 24 hrs. after harvest. The following features were evaluated using the Toup View software: length, width, surface and perimeter of erythrocytes for species with anucleated erythrocytes. The same characteristics were evaluated in the nucleus for species with nucleated erythrocytes. The data obtained were processed with statistical programs to highlight changes in erythrocyte morphology produced by anticoagulants.
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA TRIANGLE CHAIN CIPHER DAN GOST PADA PENGAMANAN CITRA DIGITAL
Authors: Anggraini Vivi Irda
Published: February 2022

Keamanan citra digital penting untuk dijaga agar informasi tersebut tetap utuh dan terjamin. Keamanan citra digital dapat dilakukan dengan pemanfaatan teknik kriptografi. Teknik kriptografi dapat menyandikan citra digital dengan mengenkripsikannya ke dalam bentuk sandi-sandi yang tidak dipahami. Algoritma Triangle Chain Cipher dan GOST adalah salah satu algoritma yang dapat diandalkan dalam mewujudkan teknik kriptografi. Kombinasi kedua algoritma ini akan menghasilkan tingkat keamanan yang lebih tinggi terhadap pengamanan citra digital karena dapat menyandikannya ke bentuk sandi dengan proses yang cukup rumit sehingga akan mempersulit kriptanalis untuk mengaksesnya. Penelitian ini akan menguraikan proses enkripsi berdasarkan triangle chain cipher  kemudian di enkripsi lagi berdasarkan GOST. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk meminimalisir tindakan-tindakan penyalahgunaan citra digital .

 

Abstract

 

The security of digital images is important to maintain so that the information remains intact and guaranteed. The security of digital images can be done by utilizing cryptographic techniques. Cryptographic techniques can encode digital images by encrypting them in the form of passwords that are not understood. The Triangle Chain Cipher and GOST Algorithms are one of the algorithms that can be relied upon in realizing cryptographic techniques. The combination of these two algorithms will result in a higher level of security against digital image security because it can encode it into a password with a fairly complex process that will make it difficult for cryptanalysts to access it. This research will describe the encryption process based on the triangle chain cipher and then encrypted again based on GOST. This is done as an effort to minimize acts of abuse of digital images.
Penentuan Pemilihan Komputer Untuk game online Pada Jasa Penyedia Warnet dengan Metode Multi-Factor Evaluation Process
Authors: Sinaga Waris Pardingatan , Windarto Agus Perdana , Damanik Irfan Sudahri
Published: February 2022

This study aims to help internet cafe service providers in choosing gaming computers that are in accordance with the needs factor. The method used is the Decision Support System using the Multi-Factor Evaluation Process (MFEP). Data is obtained by observing and interviewing the services of internet cafe providers in pematangsiantar city. The criteria used are 7 criteria: Processor (X1), Motherboard (X2), RAM (X3), VGA card (X4), Storage (X5), Casing (X6), Power Supply (X7) and 5 alternatives: Asus (A1) , Acer (A2), Lenovo (A3), Dell (A4) and Toshiba (A5). The results of the study indicate that the Toshiba alternative (A5) is the first recommendation with a final value of 3.95. Alternative Asus (A1) becomes the second recommendation with the final value 3.75 and Lenovo (A3) being the third recommendation with the final value 3.4.
Analisis Perkembangan Transportasi Online di Indonesia di Era 4.0 Dengan Metode Penelitian Deskriptif
Authors: Riyadi Putra Yardan Widyadhana , Nur Styaningsih Fidya , Herviana Wiyan Herra
Published: February 2022

Pada masa revolusi 4.0, teknologi berkembang pesat, dan kemajuannya signifikan. Hal ini dapat mendorong penggantian teknologi sebelumnya dengan pengembangan berbagai inovasi yang bermunculan. Industri transportasi online tumbuh dengan kecepatan yang sangat tinggi. Perkembangan teknologi saat ini menjadi alasan peneliti menganalisis perkembangan dan kemajuan industri transportasi online di era revolusi 4.0 saat ini karena transportasi online merupakan perusahaan pertama yang mengalami kemajuan sangat pesat dari waktu ke waktu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Inovasi era revolusi 4.0 kini dibutuhkan di semua industri. Bahkan Inovasi yang mengganggu memainkan peran penting dalam industri transportasi online. Untuk terus berkembang, bersaing, dan bertahan dalam industri.
Pengaruh E-Commerce Terhadap Peningkatan Pendapatan Usaha Mikro Kecil Dan Menengah Di Kota Padang
Authors: Gustina Leni , Novita Welia , Triadi Yohan
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of e-commerce on increasing revenue of BNI- assisted MSMEs in Padang City. The object of the research is MSMEs in Padang City, West Sumatra. The formulation of the research problem is: how is the influence of e-commerce on increasing the income of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Padang City. The research hypothesis is: E-Commerce has  a significant influence on increasing the income of MSMEs. The research approach is quantitative. The study population was 108 MSME units. The number of research samples was 52 MSMEs. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis uses simple linear regression. The results of the study found: e-commerce has a significant effect on increasing revenue of MSMEs.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD): A Case Report
Authors: Abu-Nayla Islam A. M. , Abu Nailah Abdulameer M. , Abu-Nayla Umniyah A. M.
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a rare entity characterized by subacute necrotizing lymphadenopathy. Despite many studies in the literature, the cause of KFD remains uncertain. Young adults of Asian ancestry are most affected, but it has been reported worldwide. Clinically, KFD is characterized by lymphadenitis of one or more lymph nodes, predominantly in the posterior cervical region, fever, and leukopenia in up to 50% of cases. In this case report, we are presenting a case of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease in a young Filipino lady.

Keywords: Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, KFD, Kikuchi disease, Acute necrotizing lymphadenopathy, Lymphadenitis.
Positron emission tomography – computed tomography as a monitoring response tool in pre-fibrotic myelofibrosis: a case report
Authors: Amna Qamar Uz Zaman  , Shabbir Hussain  , Zaheer Ramsha , Andleeb Madiha , Raza Saba , Siddiqui Tariq
Published: February 2022

Primary myelofibrosis is a haematopoietic stem cell neoplasm resulting in ineffective haematopoiesis and bone marrow fibrosis. We present a case of a 67-year-old male patient who came to the oncology/haematology department of Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, in February 2020 with complaints of weight loss, gastroesophageal reflux and loss of appetite.
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Waters of death: Naegleria Fowleri (the brain eating Amoeba)
Authors: Ahmed Kamal Siddiqi  , Chachar Muhammad Azhar
Published: February 2022

Dear Madam, with the commencement of the monsoon season and temperature on the rise again, the incidence of Naegleria Fowleri (Brain-eating amoeba) is also on the rise. The death toll has risen to six  in Karachi so far this year as it claims lives of a 19-year-old teenager and an 8-year-old boy adding to the previous 4 deaths out of which one was a 30-year-old neurosurgeon and an another 8-year-old boy. (1) (2) All of them had acquired  this amoeba through contaminated water. A recent Karachi water and sewage board (KWSB) report disclose that 70% of its pumping stations are supplying water containing either no or low Chlorine, which is a major threat to the residents of Karachi (3).
Naegleria Fowleri is an amoeba and causes a devastating brain infection known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). The amoeba is commonly found in warm freshwaters. It infects people when contaminated water enters the body through the nose while performing ablution (Wudu), swimming or bathing, and from there, it travels to the brain (4). (PAM) destroys the brain tissue, and its symptoms start in about five days including headache, fever, nausea & vomiting initially. The later symptoms include stiff neck, altered mental status, seizures, hallucinations and can rapidly progress to death (4). The recommended treatment for Naegleria include a combination of drugs including Amphotericin B (Anti-Fungal) and Miltefosine; however, few people survive, even with treatment (5). (PAM) is difficult to detect because the disease progresses so rapidly that the diagnosis is usually made after death.
This is not the first time. Naegleria claimed five lives back in 2016 and many more previously (6), which raises a serious question on the efficiency and preventive measures taken by the concerned departments. The fact that the temperature in Karachi remains warm for the most part of the year and on top of the contaminated water supply (less chlorinated), is gravely concerning. Since prevention is better than cure, the general public must be made aware of Naegleria and advised to avoid swimming, bathing or performing ablution in unchlorinated water. Also, before the summer starts, people should get their underground and overhead water tanks cleaned and chlorinated. Along with warning people, measures should be taken by the responsible departments to make water safe for the citizens and prevent any further deaths by this lethal amoeba.
Effect of Pilates based exercises on symptomatic knee osteoarthritis-A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nadia Saleem  , Saima Zahid  , Tahir Mahmood  , Naeem Ahmed  , Umer Maqsood  , Muhammad Asad Chaudhary
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine the effects of Pilates exercises on pain, knee range of motion and functional disability in women with knee osteoarthritis.
Method: The double-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted at the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, from April to September 2018, and comprised female patients with knee osteoarthritis. The subjects were selected randomised into control group A receiving isometrics and intervention group B receiving Pilates exercises. Both groups received one-hour sessions 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The groups were assessed at baseline and at the end of the 8th week using numeric pain rating scale and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index for pain and functionality level respectively. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Results: Of 44 patients, there were 22(50%) in each of the two groups. Mean age of group B was 57.60±6.34 years, and it was 55.65±7.28 in group B. Mean body mass index of group B was 25.812±4.16, and it was 26.93±4.4 in group A. The study was completed by 40(91%) patients; 20(50%) in each of the two groups. Both groups showed significant improvement for pain, range of motion and physical function post-intervention (p<0.05). Group B showed significantly more improvement in terms of pain and physical function compared to group A (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Pilates exercises were found to be more effective in the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Key Words: Isometrics exercise, Knee osteoarthritis, Knee pain, Pilates, Range of motion, WOMAC.
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Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Ketua Osis Di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Negeri 1 Mulak Ulu Menggunakan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Masdalipa Risnaini , Gusmaliza Debi , Syahri Riduan
Published: February 2022

Decision support system (SPK) is a computer-based system that is intended to help decision makers by utilizing certain data and models to solve various unstructured problems. From the results of research observations, it was found that the system used to elect prospective student council candidates at the State High School 1 Mulak Ulu still uses a manual selection system. This study aims to design a decision support system for OSIS chair election using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method in which OSIS chair election takes into account the criteria of intelligence, activeness, crafts as well as the vision and mission of the student council president candidates. In making this decision support system using the Programming Hypertext Preprocessor programming and Mysql database. While the system development method uses the Waterfall method with the stages of analysis, design, coding and testing. The final results obtained after being tested in the State High School 1 Mulak Ulu is a decision support system that has the ability to solve problems in the process of selecting the student council president
A Study on Awareness of Rural Population towards Financial Services (W.R.T Banking Services)
Authors: Shivanand Adkine , Rotte Sai Akash
Published: February 2022

In present days there is a lot of development in rural areas in form of Infrastructures, sanitary, Education, health and financial service like banking services. Due to development schemes, introduced by Government of India and other financial institutions helps to improve Financial Inclusion in rural areas. Financial inclusion helps the rural population to adopt innovate financial services in Banking and insurance sectors. As in this research “The “Study on Awareness of Rural Population towards Financial services” is conducted in rural areas to analyse the awareness about financial services, Factors influencing rural population, Issues encountered in receiving financial services(Banking), satisfaction of rural customers towards financial services. It is conducted by collecting quantitative data from rural population. Data is completely related to financial services of banking sector. Data is collected for research in both methods i.e.: primary data and secondary data. Samples are collected from Population through Primary data. Primary data is collected from samples of population in the form of well- structured Questionnaire. Secondary Data is collected from Reference Books, Articles, Published research papers, etc. Sample is collected by using Random sampling method. Sample size is of 50 members which are selected from rural villagers. Analysis and interpretation of data collected is done with the help of Tables & Pie Diagrams. Statistical methods and techniques like Percentage, etc are used to analyse the data.
State and Trends of Occupational Health and Safety in the Philippines
Authors: Lu Jinky Leilanie
Published: February 2022

Introduction. In the Philippines, industries began to recognize the importance of workers’ health after occupational safety and health were introduced in the early 1900s. Ever since, several legal bases have existed to protect the people’s welfare. However, data regarding this matter is limited in the country.

Objective. This paper aimed to develop a comprehensive review of occupational safety and health data, including hazard exposures and occupational diseases for various Filipino occupational groups.

Methods. A comprehensive analysis of the latest records and statistics from various government agencies, non-government organizations, academe, and research institutions was done. Data analysis was completed through a critical appraisal of the Philippines' current occupational health and safety regarding occupational diseases, injuries, accidents, and existing occupational health and safety policies. Data were also extracted from reviews of literature and other related research studies. Data analysis was done through a critical appraisal of the Philippines' current occupational health and safety in terms of occupational diseases, injuries, accidents, and existing occupational health and safety policies.

Results. Most of those working in the informal sectors do not have enough social protection in the Philippine context. Others in the same situation involve construction workers, farmers, miners, and waste or garbage pickers. Child labor was also seen to be prevalent, risking these children's health and safety. Another issue is on gender, and wherein women were found to have lesser protection than their counterparts. Among the industries present in the country, administrative and support service activities, manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, financial and insurance activities, education except for public education, and agriculture, forestry, and fishing were seen to have a high prevalence of occupational diseases. The study has shown occupational safety and health among various occupational groups and categories, the profile of occupational diseases in Philippine industries, and the OSH programs implemented in industries.

Conclusion. Analysis of available data confirmed the presence of threats of unsafe and unhealthy conditions in various jobs and workplaces. To keep up with other nations, the country should strive more with its local developments.
Discoursing Terminology Standards and Interoperability in relation to the Philippine eHealth Strategy
Authors: Sylim Patrick G. , Lu Jinky Leilanie , Marcelo Portia Grace F.
Published: February 2022

Background. eHealth is the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for health. It helps in improving the flow of information, through electronic means, in support of the delivery of health services, and the management of health systems. eHealth is used as the strategic context and tool in achieving population health, improved health system status, and socio-economic development goals.

Objectives. This study is aimed at looking at the Philippine National eHealth Strategy, particularly the components of Terminology Standards and Interoperability concerning the eHealth strategy in the Philippines, and to assess the barriers and gaps in the integration of these two components.

Methods. This study used secondary literature, internet search, Philippine laws, administrative orders, memorandum circulars, and grey literature to discourse terminology standards and interoperability in the Philippine eHealth system, and issues and gaps related to these components that may impede the delivery of Universal Health Coverage in the country.

Results. The current Philippine National eHealth strategy includes the following sector governance, legislation, policy and compliance, eHealth solution (i.e., services and applications), strategy and investment, infrastructure (government), human resources, and standards and interoperability. Philippine Health Information Exchange (PHIE) is a software platform in the country that aims to connect many isolated electronic health systems. The proposed interoperability layer across health systems and services in the Philippines includes Patient’s Primary Healthcare Consultation at the Rural Health Unit, health research, legal information, patient healthcare at tertiary hospital, and health insurance claims. The study results showed that issues and gaps related to the interoperability of eHealth in the Philippines include technical issues such as lack of common semantics, lack of an institutional mechanism to regulate EMR, lack of incentives among eHealth providers and stakeholders to adopt standards for interoperability.

Conclusion. The effort of the Philippines to achieve interoperability and standards in eHealth goals can be characterized as a work in progress. The government, private sector, physician, patient, and other stakeholders are deemed to continuously develop a shared vision and interoperate under a standardized guide as eHealth is a complex endeavor that covers many aspects.
Message
Authors: Sutanti Yosephin Sri
Published: February 2022

Healthy Greetings!

It is a pleasure to meet you again in this special issue of Environment, Health and Safety (EHS). Apart from EHS, this edition also presents some big data on trends of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), an occupational issue about Philippine Healthcare Companies and on interoperability in Philippine e-Health Strategy. These data are very relevant to the current public health problems. Together with the results of research in the environmental field and OHS data in mining, it becomes complete with additional data on safety. All articles essentially contribute to preventing disease, accidents and death in society.

I am sure that these data will be useful for community medical science, which always prioritize the promotion of health and preventive medicine, by using a system that is increasingly sophisticated but easier to use. For that, of course, collaboration and synergy with all parties are needed.

I really appreciate the researchers, reviewers and all those behind the scenes, who have worked with such broad views and enthusiasm for the publication of this edition. Hopefully, we are optimally healthy and productive despite the COVID-19 pandemic that has not ended yet...

 

 

 

Yosephin Sri Sutanti, MDDepartment of Occupational Health and Safety Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana Jakarta, Indonesia
Demokrat Başkanların Kürt Politikaları
Authors: SARI İsmail , ALTUN Tuğba
Published: February 2022

ABD’nin Kürtlere yönelik politikaları farklı dönemlerde çeşitli dinamikler tarafından şekillenmiştir. Yönetimlere göre değişen politikalarda cumhuriyetçiler ve demokratlar arasında da belirli farklılıklar göze çarpmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ABD’nin demokrat başkanlarının Kürtlere yönelik politikalarına odaklanılacaktır. Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın ardından “insan hakları”, “kendi kendini yönetme hakkı” gibi idealist söylemler üzerinden Kürtlere yaklaşan ABD başkanları, özellikle İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın ardından Soğuk Savaş dönemi şartlarına uygun olarak pragmatist politikalara yönelmiştir. Bu bağlamda da genel olarak Soğuk Savaş döneminde Kürtlerin yaşadığı ülkelerin iç işlerine müdahale edilmek istenmemiş, onları destekleyici bir politika izlenmemiştir.

Dönemsel olarak ABD’nin bölgesel politikalarında, İran ve Irak gibi ülkeler ile ilişkilerine bağlı olarak Kürtlere yönelik politikalarda da değişiklikler gerçekleşmiştir. Özellikle Arap Baharı’nın ülkeler üzerinde etkisi ve bölgede terör örgütlerinin ortaya çıkması önemli faktörler olmuştur. Öncelikle Obama ile birlikte ABD’nin Ortadoğu’da askeri varlığını azaltma politikası gündeme gelmiştir. Sonrasında ise terör örgütlerine karşı bölgede ABD güçleri yerine, Kürtler gibi vekil kuvvetlerin kullanılması ön plana çıkmıştır. Son zamanlarda ise ABD’nin Kürtlere yönelik politikasının çeşitli alanlarda geliştiği söylenebilir. ABD, özellikle Suriye’de Kürt grupları vekil güç olarak kullanmaktadır. Maddi, askeri ve eğitim gibi destekler de sağlamaktadır. IKBY ile de iyi ilişkilere sahip olan ABD, insan hakları ve Kürtlerin uğradığı haksızlıklar bağlamında da Kürtleri desteklediğini belirtmektedir. Kürtler, özellikle Biden’ın ABD başkanı seçilmesiyle haklarının artabileceğini, bağımsızlık bağlamında da gelişmeler yaşanabileceğini ummuştur. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda yukarıda genel ve soyut olarak aktardığımız çerçevede demokrat başkanların Kürt politikaları analiz edilecektir.
An Evaluation of Different Methods to Investigate Root System Architecture Of Urban TreesIn Situ:I. Ground-Penetrating Radar
Authors: Stokes Alexia , Fourcaud Thierry , Hruska Jiri , Cermak Jan , Nadyezdhina Nadezhda , Nadyezhdin Valeriy , Praus Ludek
Published: February 2022

To evaluate the efficiency of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to map root systems of urban treesin situ, this technique was tested on three trees in an urban environment. After carrying out the extremely rapid GPR tests around the bases of the sample trees, root systems were excavated with an air spade, which produces a supersonic jet of air used to remove soil from roots. Photographs were taken of root system transects for comparison with GPR images. Root system architecture was then quantified for one pine tree, and a two-dimensional image of the root system was reconstructed using AMAPmod software. A comparison of actual roots with images hand drawn from the GPR data showed that the technique is reliable for mapping large roots in the horizontal plane only. Most errors in data from the GPR method were induced when the root systems were manually redrawn, and from roots running parallel to the electromagnetic signal in the vertical plane. These roots could not be identified by GPR. The GPR technique could be considered a valuable nondestructive tool for the arborist, but it still needs development, especially with regard to a software that could reconstruct 3D images of root system architecture from raw data.
Comparing Formula Methods of Tree Appraisal
Authors: Watson Gary
Published: February 2022

Values produced by formula methods of tree appraisal used in five different countries were compared (CTLA)—United States, Standard Tree Evaluation Method (STEM)—New Zealand, Helliwell—Great Britain, Norma Granada—Spain, and Burnley—Australia). Nine individuals appraised the same six trees using all five methods. The CTLA and Helliwell methods consistently produced the lowest values, and the Norma Granada method values were most often the highest. There was a strong relationship between variation among appraisers and the mathematical operations used in calculating the formula values. The Helliwell method, which multiplies all of the rated factors together, consistently produced the highest variation among appraisers. STEM, which adds all the factors together, consistently produced the lowest variation among appraisers. Minimizing the number of multiplication operations used in the formulas is an effective way of reducing appraiser variation, but in doing so, the influence of individual factors may be diminished too much.
Urban Forests And Parks as Privacy Refuges
Authors: Hammitt William E.
Published: February 2022

Urban forests and parks are forested areas that can serve as refuges for privacy. This article presents a conceptual argument for urban forests and parks as privacy refuges, and data that support the argument. On-site visitors (n= 610) to four Cleveland, Ohio, U.S., Metroparks were surveyed in 1995. Results indicated that considerable amounts of privacy were obtained during visits to the urban forests and parks, that people spent an average of two-plus hours per visit to these privacy refuges, that certain settings (habitats) within the refuges were preferred over others for privacy, and that “reflective thought” was the most important function (benefit) that privacy served within the refuges. The findings have implications for preserving and managing urban forests and parks as nearby refuges where the basic human need for privacy can be found.
Variation in Field Susceptibility of Native and Exotic Ash Species to Anthracnose
Authors: Jacobs Karel , Danielson Donna
Published: February 2022

EightFraxinusspecies and several cultivars ofF. americana(white ash),F. pennsylvanica(green ash),F. angustifolia(Syrian ash), andF. excelsior(European ash) were evaluated for susceptibility to anthracnose disease during 1997, 1998, and 1999. Budbreak and leaf emergence rates were also recorded. The following results were found:F. chinensis(Chinese ash) was most susceptible followed byF. angustifolia,F. pennsylvanicaand, to a lesser degree,F. mandshurica(Manchurian ash). The EuropeanF. excelsiorwas similar toF. mandshuricaand appeared moderately susceptible, while the North American nativeF. tomentosa(pumpkin ash) andF. americanawere comparatively tolerant of the disease.Fraxinus quadrangulata(blue ash) was resistant and showed virtually no symptoms in any year. Significant variation existed among cultivars and varieties of certain species including the widely planted green ash in which ‘Patmore’ and the newly available ‘Cimmaron’ appeared least susceptible. Despite weak statistical support, we observed a general trend in which trees that leafed out earlier developed more disease than those that leafed out later.
Response of English Oak (Quercus robur L.) Trees to Biostimulants Application in The Urban Environment
Authors: Ferrini F. , Nicese F.P.
Published: February 2022

The influence of two biostimulants on leaf gas exchanges and leaf characteristics of English oak (Quercus roburL.) was evaluated in a urban environment over two growing seasons. Trunk diameter and shoot growth were also monitored. Treatments included 1) control (no biostimulants); 2) Root Grow WP™, a commercial hydrosoluble powder made of a mix of humic acids, marine algae,Yuccaextracts, vitamins, amino acids, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria; and 3) Mycobacter DP™, a commercial granular mix of endo- and ectomycorrhizal fungi, biostimulants bacteria, humic acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, acrylamide,Yuccaextracts, and marine algae. No statistical differences were found on trunk diameter increase and shoot growth. Photosynthesis, evaporation rate, and water-use efficiency were higher in plants treated with biostimulants than control plants on every observation date. No differences were found regarding leaf fresh/dry weight ratio and specific leaf weight, while chlorophyll content, leaf area, and leaf dry weight were higher in the treated plants, especially in the second year after planting. Nitrogen concentration in leaf tissue was higher in the treated trees, while the content of the other mineral nutrients was not affected by the products. No differences emerged between the two biostimulants used. Though this study supports the utility of biostimulants application as an aid to promote plant establishment in adverse sites, especially in terms of plant physiology, it is difficult to make specific recommendations on their application and on the choice of the best biostimulant product forQuercus roburin our conditions.
HISTÓRIA E FICÇÃO EM CARTA À RAINHA LOUCA, DE MARIA VALÉRIA REZENDE
Authors: Gomes de Jesus André Luís
Published: February 2022

No presente artigo analisamos Carta à rainha louca (2019), de Maria Valéria Rezende a relação entre discurso histórico e discurso ficcional que se manifesta a partir da voz da protagonista. Para tanto, nos utilizamos da noção de imagem-relâmpago (BENJAMIN, 2012) e de sua reformulação realizada por Didi-Huberman (2015). Rezende constitui um trabalho narrativo em que História e ficção se entrecruzam de modo a fazer emergir a figura de Isabel, mulher inserida no contexto das relações sociais da Brasil-Colônia, sofrendo sanções e opressões destinadas a quem ocupava as margens do poder político e econômico, bem como formas de driblar e resistir a tais sanções (FEDERICI, 2019)..
SUBJETIVAÇÃO E RE (CONSTRUÇÃO) DE IDENTIDADE DA MULHER AFRO-AMERICANA EM EU SEI POR QUE O PÁSSARO CANTA NA GAIOLA (2018), DE MAYA ANGELOU: DO SILENCIAMENTO À ESCREVIVÊNCIA
Authors: Caetano Erica Antonia
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar uma análise interpretativa da obra autobiográfica Eu sei por que o pássaro canta na gaiola (2018), da escritora afro-americana Maya Angelou, publicada originalmente em 1969 sob o título I know why the bird sings in the cage. Nessa obra, as travessias – norte e sul – exerceram um papel fundamental na vida e na formação da narradora-personagem-protagonista Maya. É no correr desse ir e vir que ela conhece as trancas das gaiolas - os choques culturais que ressaltam o binômio hegemonia versus minoria, o racismo, o preconceito e o abuso. Entretanto, é nesse processo também que ela descobre um meio de resistir, ao perceber, por intermédio do silenciamento, a escrevivência[1] como uma possível chave para a libertação de todos os pássaros emudecidos ao longo da História. Por fim, para nortear a leitura, o trabalho se ancora nos pressupostos teóricos dos Estudos Culturais e Feministas.[1] O termo “escrevivência”, que nos valemos neste estudo, foi cunhado pela escritora brasileira Conceição Evaristo e traz consigo, conforme ela própria pontua em uma entrevista: a imagem de “todo um processo histórico que as africanas e suas descendentes escravizadas no Brasil passaram. [...] E essa escrevivência, ela vai partir, ela toma como mote de criação justamente a vivência. Ou a vivência do ponto de vista pessoal mesmo, ou a vivência do ponto de vista coletivo (EVARISTO, 2017).
A RESISTÊNCIA DA MULHER NEGRA EM TORTO ARADO DE ITAMAR VIEIRA JR.
Authors: Resende Joelma de Araújo Silva , De Oliveira Maria Helena , Costa Margareth Torres de Alencar
Published: February 2022

Este artigo discute a opressão sofrida por mulheres negras, no romance Torto Arado, de Itamar Vieira Jr. Sabe-se que a mulher tem sofrido, ao longo dos anos, violências decorrentes do contexto patriarcal em que vive. No caso da mulher negra, a violência vai além do sexismo: ela sofre discriminação por conta de sua cor e porque quase sempre é pobre. Verifica-se, portanto, a interseccionalidade de gênero, raça e classe. Não encontrando espaço nas conquistas do Feminismo branco e ocidental, a mulher negra parte para uma luta que enegrece esse feminismo e abarca questões específicas relacionadas às violências que sofre. Para a pesquisa, utilizou-se, como aporte teórico, Touraine (2007) e Zinani (2006) para tratar as relações patriarcais; sobre a subalternidade, recorreu-se a Spivak (2012), e sobre a situação específica da mulher negra, a discussão é feita a partir de Kilomba (2019), Carneiro (2003), e Hooks (2019). Nota-se que as mulheres negras de Torto Arado sofrem inúmeras violências, e que cada uma procura, a seu modo, utilizar as armas que possui para construir suas resistências.
TEMPOS DE MULHERES: UTOPIAS E DISTOPIAS FEMINISTAS NA LITERATURA E HISTÓRIA
Authors: Santos Dornelles Danielle
Published: February 2022

Com base nas leituras de Virginia Woolf, Rita Schmidt, Zahidé Muzart e Ildney Cavalcanti, este artigo tem como objetivo explorar aspectos referentes à escrita e publicação de obras de autoria feminina entre os séculos XIX e XX. Assim como compreender as nuances que envolvem o estigma do gênero literário romance e a presença e ausência de mulheres no cânone literário.  A partir destas leituras, buscamos situar no tempo as obras de escritoras como Emília de Freitas, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Margaret Atwood e Octavia Butler, analisando suas visões de futuro e deslugares possíveis ou impossíveis, a partir do fio condutor entre literatura, história do feminismo e teoria da história.