Hubungan Pengetahuan, Perilaku dan Lingkungan Rumah dengan Kejadian Transmisi Tuberkulosis Paru di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bandarharjo Semarang
Authors: Zulaikhah Siti Thomas , Ratnawati Ratnawati , Sulastri Neng , Nurkhikmah Eli , Lestari Novi Dian 
Published: October 2019

Latar belakang: Tuberkulosis paru adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh bakteri mycobacterium tuberculosis masih menjadi masalah kesehatan. Tingginya angka kejadian TB paru dapat dikarenakan adanya faktor tingkat pengetahuan yang rendah, perilaku kesehatan yang buruk dan lingkungan rumah seperti ventilasi, pencahayaan, kelembaban, kepadatan hunianyang tidakmemenuhi syarat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui variabel paling dominan berhubungan dengan transmisi kejadian TB paru di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bandarharjo Kota Semarang.Metode: Desain penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan case control. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 40 kasus dan 40 kontrol. Kasus merupakan penderita TB paru di Puskesmas Bandarharjo yang didiagnosis secara klinis dan laboratorik BTA positif dan tercatat dalam medical record dari bulan Agustus 2016 sampai Agustus 2017,kontrol merupakan tetangga kasus yang tidak terdiagnosis TB paru BTA positif dan anggota keluarga tidak menderita TB paru BTA positif. Teknik sampling menggunakan proporsional random sampling. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan uji univariat menggunakan distribusi frekuensi, uji bivariat menggunakan Chi Square, uji Multivariat menggunakan Regresi logistik ganda. Hasil : Hasil uji bivariat variabel lingkungan yang terdiri dari luas ventilasi (p=0,000); kepadatan hunian (p=0,000); kelembaban (p=0,001); pencahayaan (p=0,001); suhu (p=0,001), sedang hasil variabel pengetahuan (p=0,002) dan perilaku (p=0,005). Hasil analisis multivariat variabel pengetahuan (OR=3,776); kepadatan hunian (OR=4,476); kelembaban (OR=4,030); pencahayaan (OR=3,635); suhu (OR=3,064); pengetahuan (OR=6,374); perilaku (OR=3,525).Simpulan: Lingkungan rumah, pengetahuan dan perilaku berhubungan dengan kejadian TB paru di wilayah kerja puskesmas Bandarharjo Semarang dan faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan adalah pengetahuan. ABSTRACTTitle: Relationship Knowledge, Behavior and Household Environmentwith the Transmission Insidence Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Work Area of Bandarharjo Health Center SemarangBackground: Pulmonary tuberculosis, an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a health problem. A higher incidence of pulmonary TB has been associated with low level of knowledge, poor health behavior and household environment such as ventilation, lighting, humidity, residential density. The purpose of this study was to identify the most dominant factor associated with the transmission pulmonary TB in the Bandarharjo Health Center in Semarang.Methods: The research was an observational one with a case control study. The case and the control of this research were both using 40 respondents. The case was patients clinically diagnosed with pulmonary TB and has a laboratory BTA+ and documented in the medical record from August 2016 to August 2017. The control was a neighbor of cases with no BTA+ (acid resistant bacilli) pulmonary TB and history of family no BTA+ of pulmonary TB. The proportional random sampling was applied. The collected data were analyzed using univariate test of frequency distribution, bivariateof Chi Square, multivariate oflogistic regression.Results: Bivariate test of environmental variables consisting of ventilation area (p = 0.000); occupancy density (p = 0.000); humidity (p = 0.001); lighting (p = 0.001); temperature (p = 0.001), while the results of the knowledge variable (p = 0.002) and behavior (p = 0.005). The multivariate analysis showed variable of knowledge (OR = 3.776); residential density (OR = 4.476); humidity (OR = 4.030); lighting (OR= 3.635); temperature (OR = 3.064); knowledge (OR = 6.374); behavior (OR = 3.525).Conclusion: The household environment, knowledge and behavior were related to the transmission incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the working area of Bandarharjo health center and the most dominant factor was knowledge.