bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BMI z-score as a prognostic factor for height velocity in children treated with recombinant human growth hormone due to idiopathic growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Budzulak Joanna , Majewska Katarzyna Anna , Kędzia Andrzej
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) causes growth disturbances during childhood. The most recommended treatment of GHD is the administration of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). Recent studies have proved that well-nourished GHD children respond better to rhGH therapy compared to undernourished individuals. The aim of this study was to analyze nutritional status along with height velocity in GHD children during the first two years of rhGH therapy, and to estimate the optimal BMI z-score range in which these children achieve the best growth results.

Methods

This retrospective analysis included 80 prepubertal idiopathic GHD children treated with rhGH. Anthropometric data were obtained from medical records made at an initial visit and then follow-up visits after 12 and 24 months of treatment. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated and standardized into z-score, basing on Cole’s LMS method. Then, the BMI z-score was analyzed in relation to the parameters of growth response.

Results

The higher the BMI z-score at treatment entry, the greater the increase in height during the first twelve months of rhGH therapy. BMI z-score ≥0 noted at the beginning of each year of the treatment are associated with significantly better growth increments throughout the first and the second years of the therapy.

Conclusion

Prepubertal idiopathic GHD children with BMI z-score below 0 would probably benefit from the improvement of their nutritional status prior to the rhGH treatment beginning. It seems that increasing BMI z-score to obtain values between 0 and 1 would be optimal for the growth process.
A Complex Interplay Between Melatonin and RORβ: RORβ is Unlikely a Putative Receptor for Melatonin as Revealed by Biophysical Assays
Authors: Panmanee Jiraporn , Charoensutthivarakul Sitthivut , Cheng Chew Weng , Promthep Kornkanok , Mukda Sujira , Prasertporn Tanya , Nopparat Chutikorn , Teerapo Kittitat , Supcharoen Promsup , Petchyam Nopphon , Chetsawang Banthit , Govitrapong Piyarat , Phanchana Matthew
Published: August 2024

A nuclear retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-related orphan receptor β (RORβ) is strictly expressed in the brain, particularly in the pineal gland where melatonin is primarily synthesized and concentrated. The controversial issues regarding the direct interaction of melatonin toward ROR receptors have prompted us to investigate the potential melatonin binding sites on different ROR isoforms. We adopted computational and biophysical approaches to investigate the potential of melatonin as the ligand for RORs, in particular RORβ. Herein, possible melatonin binding sites were predicted by molecular docking on human RORs. The results showed that melatonin might be able to bind within the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of all RORs, despite their difference in sequence homology. The predicted melatonin binding scores were comparable to binding energies with respect to those of melatonin interaction to the well-characterized membrane receptors, MT1 and MT2. Although the computational analyses suggested the binding potential of melatonin to the LBD of RORβ, biophysical validation failed to confirm the binding. Melatonin was unable to alter the stability of human RORβ as shown by the unaltered melting temperatures upon melatonin administration in differential scanning fluorometry (DSF). A thermodynamic isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) profile showed that melatonin did not interact with human RORβ in solutions, even in the presence of SRC-1 co-activator peptide. Although the direct interaction between the LBD of RORβ could not be established, RORα and RORβ gene expressions were increased upon 24 h treatment with μM-range melatonin. Our data, thus, support the studies that the nuclear effects of melatonin may not be directly mediated via its interaction with the RORβ. These findings warrant further investigation on how melatonin interacts with ROR signaling and urge the melatonin research community for a paradigm shift in the direct interaction of melatonin toward RORs. The quest to identify nuclear receptors for melatonin in neuronal cells remains valid for the community to achieve.
Can Agricultural Managed Aquifer Recharge (Ag‐MAR) Recover Return Flows Under Prior Appropriation in a Warming Climate?
Authors: Morrisett Christina N. , Van Kirk Robert W. , Null Sarah E.
Published: August 2024

Groundwater return flow to streams is important for maintaining aquatic habitat and providing water to downstream users, particularly in irrigated watersheds experiencing water scarcity. However, in many agricultural regions, increased irrigation efficiency has reduced return flows and their subsequent in‐stream benefits. Agricultural managed aquifer recharge (Ag‐MAR)—where artificial recharge is conducted via irrigation canals and agricultural fields—may be a tool to recover these return flows, but implementation is challenged by water supply and water management. Using climate‐driven streamflow simulations, an integrated operations‐hydrology model, and a regional groundwater model, we investigated the potential for Ag‐MAR to recover return flows in the Henrys Fork Snake River, Idaho (USA). We simulated potential Ag‐MAR operations for water years 2023–2052, accounting for both future water supply conditions and local water management rules. We determined that Ag‐MAR operations reduced springtime peak flow at the watershed outlet by 10%–14% after accounting for return flows. Recharge contribution to streamflow peaked in July and November, increasing July–August streamflow by 6%–14% and November–March streamflow by 9%–14%. Furthermore, sites where Ag‐MAR was conducted incidental to flood irrigation had more water available for recharge, compared to sites requiring recharge rights, which are junior in priority to agricultural rights. Mean annual recharge volume for the incidental recharge sites averaged 12% of annual natural streamflow, ranged from 269 to 335 Mm3, and was largely available in April and October. We demonstrate Ag‐MAR can effectively recover groundwater return flows when applied as flood irrigation on agricultural land with senior‐priority water rights.
Mapping Pressure Surge Source in Urban Water Networks: Integrating Low‐ and High‐Frequency Pressure Data With an Illustrative Real Case Study
Authors: Meniconi S. , Rubin A. , Tirello L. , Doro A. , Brunone B. , Capponi C.
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces a novel methodology that integrates low‐ and high‐frequency pressure monitoring in the parts of the urban water distribution network characterized by the largest number of repairing operations. This integrated approach aims to pinpoint the source and characterize potentially dangerous pressure variations. The actual behavior of a real operational water distribution network is considered as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The analysis of the acquired pressure signals allows for mapping frequent pressure surges and identifying their source in the functioning conditions of a big user. Notwithstanding these pressure variations are not overly large, according to the literature, their near‐continuous nature poses a risk of inducing pipe breaks, and then leakage, due to fatigue. The proposed method integrating routine low‐frequency measurements with targeted high‐frequency surveys provides a cost‐effective, proactive management strategy.
Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Physical Drivers of Heatwaves in India
Authors: Dar Javid Ahmad , Apurv Tushar
Published: August 2024

In this study, we analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of propagation of pre‐monsoon heatwaves and their drivers in India. Using complex networks, we find that heatwaves originate most frequently in northwest India and propagate in the northeast or southeast direction. Heatwaves propagating in the northeast direction have a higher intensity, lower moving distance, smaller areal coverage, and shorter duration than heatwaves moving in the southeast. We find that the larger area and duration of heatwaves propagating southeast are a result of development of larger and more persistent high‐pressure systems extending over entire northern and eastern India, which are influenced by El Niño Southern Oscillation. On the other hand, higher radiative fluxes and larger heat entrainment in the boundary layer in the heatwaves propagating northeast contribute to their higher intensities.
Ice Sheet‐Albedo Feedback Estimated From Most Recent Deglaciation
Authors: Booth Alice , Goodwin Philip , Cael B. B.
Published: August 2024

Ice sheet feedbacks are underrepresented in model assessments of climate sensitivity and their magnitudes are still poorly constrained. We combine a recently published record of Earth's Energy Imbalance (EEI) with existing reconstructions of temperature, atmospheric composition, and sea level to estimate both the magnitude and timescale of the ice sheet‐albedo feedback since the Last Glacial Maximum. This facilitates the first opportunity to quantify this feedback over the most recent deglaciation using a proxy data‐driven approach. We find the ice sheet‐albedo feedback to be amplifying, increasing the total climate feedback parameter by 42% and reaching an equilibrium magnitude of 0.55 Wm−2K−1, with a 66% confidence interval of 0.45–0.63 Wm−2K−1. The timescale to equilibrium is estimated as 3.6 ka (66% confidence: 1.9–5.5 ka). These results provide new evidence for the timescale and magnitude of the amplifying ice sheet‐albedo feedback that will drive anthropogenic warming for millennia to come.
Statistical Investigation of the Storm Time Plasma Density Strip‐Like Bulges at Lower‐Mid Latitudes
Authors: Du Wenyu , Zhong Jiahao , Wan Xin , Hao Yongqiang , Xiong Chao , Wang Hui , Cui Jun , Liu Yiwen , Li Qiaoling , Kuai Jiawei
Published: August 2024

The strip‐like bulge is a storm‐time conjugate ionospheric plasma density enhancement, constituted by the plasmaspheric H+/He+, that extends widely (over 150° in longitude) in the zonal dimension but occupies only 1°–5° in latitude. Based on in‐situ measurements of 11 low earth orbit satellites, this study statistically investigates the bulge structures of geomagnetic storms driven by 136 interplanetary coronal mass ejections during 2000–2021. The statistical results show that the strip‐like bulges are observed at the end of the storm main phase and can persist for more than 60 hr. The spatial and temporal coverage of the strip‐like bulge varies from storm to storm. However, the bulges do exhibit occurrence preferences: stronger storms (for the ICME‐driven) during solar minimum periods, the Asian‐Pacific sector (with eastward magnetic declination), and the nightside of the dawn‐dusk terminator. A quiet time density enhancement called mid‐latitude enhancement could be recognized as a precursor of the strip‐like bulge. The evolution features of the plasmapause height exhibit similarities with the strip‐like bulge, indicating a field‐aligned downward and cross‐L inward intrusion of the plasmaspheric ions. The local net ion drifts partly support this scenario with downward/inward being the most dominant but not unique pattern, the other diverse net ion drift configurations exist but their impact on the strip‐like bulges remains unclear.
Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Wind Perturbations Due To the 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Eruption as Observed by Multistatic Specular Meteor Radars
Authors: Chau Jorge L. , Poblet Facundo L. , Liu Hanli , Liu Alan , Gulbrandsen Njål , Jacobi Christoph , Rodriguez Rodolfo R. , Scipion Danny , Tsutsumi Masaki
Published: August 2024

Utilizing multistatic specular meteor radar (MSMR) observations, this study delves into global aspects of wind perturbations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) from the unprecedented 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) submarine volcano. The combination of MSMR observations from different viewing angles over South America and Europe, and the decomposition of the horizontal wind in components along and transversal to the HTHH eruption's epicenter direction allow an unambiguous detection and identification of MLT perturbations related to the eruption. The performance of this decomposition is evaluated using Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere/ionosphere extension (WACCM‐X) simulations of the event. The approach shows that indeed the HTHH eruption signals are clearly identified, and other signals can be easily discarded. The winds in this decomposition display dominant Eastward soliton‐like perturbations observed as far as 25,000 km from HTHH, and propagating at 242 m/s. A weaker perturbation observed only over Europe propagates faster (but slower than 300 m/s) in the Westward direction. These results suggest that we might be observing the so‐called Pekeris mode, also consistent with the L1 pseudomode, reproduced by WACCM‐X simulations at MLT altitudes. They also rule out the previous hypothesis connecting the observations in South America to the Tsunami associated with the eruption because these perturbations are observed over Europe as well. Despite the progress, the L0 pseudomode in the MLT reproduced by WACCM‐X remains elusive to observations.
Light People: Prof. Donal D C Bradley (FRS)
Authors: Xia Ruidong , Hu Ying
Published: August 2024

Editorial

The invention of organic light emitting diodes (LEDs) led to enormous excitement in both academe and industry in the late 1980’s. Flexibility, large area solution processability, roll-to-roll printing, low cost, and environmentally friendly are some of the advantages of organic semiconductor materials, which brought a new horizon for optoelectronics. Together with the achievement of organic solar cells, transistors, lasers, and amplifiers, this has demonstrated potential applications of organic semiconductors in displays, lighting, solar energy generation, electronics, sensing and imaging, and many aspects of photonics. In an enlightened conversation with Light: Science & Applications, Prof. Donal Bradley (FRS), a pioneer in the field, shared his deep insights on past, current, and future exciting developments of organic optoelectronic materials and devices. In particular, he expressed his opinion on the hot topics related to organic optoelectronics research and application, such as the relationship between organic and inorganic semiconductors and the challenge of electrically pumped organic lasers. As a successful scientist, Donal has also been co-founder of several organic optoelectronics innovation companies and research centers and a long-term academic administrator serving as a Head of Department, Centre Director, and Vice-Rector for Research at Imperial College, Head of the Mathematical, Physical, and Life Sciences Division at the University of Oxford, Vice-President for Research at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology and now Vice-President for Research and Innovation at NEOM U and Executive Director of the NEOM Education, Research and Innovation Foundation. Through this interview, we also explore the major roles and events in Donal’s career experience from the invention of the first conjugated polymer LED in the world to the set-up of entrepreneurial companies, from Cambridge to Sheffield, Imperial College, and Oxford, from the UK to overseas, and from the establishment of the Centre for Plastic Electronics in Imperial College to the set-up of the Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR). Before the end of the conversation, he also shares his interesting story of identifying a new species of Sea Bream, Acanthopagrus oconnorae (Bev Bradley’s Bream), named after his mother and wife, while fishing in the Red Sea.
An entropy and machine learning based approach for DDoS attacks detection in software defined networks
Authors: Hassan Amany I. , El Reheem Eman Abd , Guirguis Shawkat K.
Published: August 2024

Software-defined networks (SDNs) have been growing rapidly due to their ability to provide an efficient network management approach compared to traditional methods. However, one of the major challenges facing SDNs is the threat of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, which can severely impact network availability. Detecting and mitigating such attacks is challenging, given the constantly evolving range of attack techniques. In this paper, a novel hybrid approach is proposed that combines statistical methods with machine-learning capabilities to address the detection and mitigation of DDoS attacks in SDN environments. The statistical phase of the approach utilizes an entropy-based detection mechanism, while the machine-learning phase employs a clustering mechanism to analyze the impact of active users on the entropy of the system. The k-means algorithm is used for clustering. The proposed approach was experimentally evaluated using three modern datasets, namely, CIC-IDS2017, CSE-CIC-2018, and CICIDS2019. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the system in detecting and blocking sudden and rapid attacks, highlighting the potential of the proposed approach to significantly enhance security against DDoS attacks in SDN environments.
Proton conductivity of fluorite based rare earth titanates (LnxTi1−x)4O8−2x (Ln = Yb, Er, Ho, 0.667 ≤ x ≤ 0.765)
Authors: Gorshkov Nikolay , Baldin Egor , Stolbov Dmitry , Vorobieva Galina , Shatov Alexander , Shlyakhtina Anna
Published: August 2024

An increase in REE concentration in solid solutions of the type (LnxTi1−x)4O8−2x (Ln = Yb, Er, Ho, 0.667 ≤ x ≤ 0.765) with a fluorite-based structure leads to an increase in proton conductivity. The maximum is reached for Ho3TiO6.5.
Temperature-dependent photoluminescence down to 77 K of organotin molecular rotors: eco-friendly synthesis, photophysical characterization, X-ray structures, and DFT studies
Authors: Cantón-Díaz Arelly M. , Muñoz-Flores Blanca M. , Macías-Gamboa Luis F. , Moggio Ivana , Arias Eduardo , Turlakov Gleb , Dias H. V. Rasika , Colombo Gioele , Brenna Stefano , Jiménez-Pérez Víctor M.
Published: August 2024

Herein, we describe high quantum yields of organotin complexes in Me-THF at 77 K (ΦF 37 and 67%) due to the rotational fixation of a terephthalohydrazide bridge. PET bottle waste was used as raw material to synthesize ligand and tin complexes.
B-site substitution effects on the mechanical properties of halide perovskites [C4H12N2][BCl3]·H2O (B = NH4+; K+)
Authors: Li Kai , Li Zhi-Gang , Chen Yong-Qiang , Li Wei
Published: August 2024

The B-site substitution effect on the mechanical properties of halide perovskites was investigated via a combined theoretical–experimental approach.
Synthesis of indol-3-yl-benzofurans and carbazoles via Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed [3 + 2] and [4 + 2] cycloaddition
Authors: Chauhan Amar Nath Singh , Vini Vikrant , Kumar Akhilesh , Erande Rohan D.
Published: August 2024

Substrate guided synthesis to access indole tethered benzofurans and carbazole scaffolds through a [3 + 2] & [4 + 2] cycloaddition protocol catalyzed by Cu(OTf)2.
FlkO, a penicillin-binding protein-type thioesterase in cyclofaulknamycin biosynthesis
Authors: Matsuda Kenichi , Ichihara Rintaro , Wakimoto Toshiyuki
Published: August 2024

In vitro studies of FlkO, a new penicillin-binding protein thioesterase, demonstrated its peptide-cyclizing activity and substrate scope.
Novel convenient 2-step synthesis of pyrido[1,2-a]indoles from pyrylium salts and o-bromoanilines
Authors: Shurupova Olga V. , Tarasova Ekaterina S. , Rzhevskiy Sergey A. , Minaeva Lidiya I. , Topchiy Maxim A. , Asachenko Andrey F.
Published: August 2024

Palladium catalyzed Heck-type intramolecular cyclization of N-(2-bromoaryl)pyridinium salts gives pyrido[1,2-a]indoles. A one-pot two-step procedure from pyrylium salts has been developed. The reaction is scalable and affords high product yields.
Training physical matter to matter
Authors: Jaeger Heinrich M. , Murugan Arvind , Nagel Sidney R.
Published: August 2024

A new paradigm for generating adaptive functionality in materials.
Biochemical characterization of paralyzed flagellum proteins A (PflA) and B (PflB) from Helicobacter pylori flagellar motor
Authors: Zhou Xiaotian , Khan Mohammad F. , Xin Yue , Chan Kar L. , Roujeinikova Anna
Published: August 2024

Motility by means of flagella plays an important role in the persistent colonization of Helicobacter pylori in the human stomach. The H. pylori flagellar motor has a complex structure that includes a periplasmic scaffold, the components of which are still being identified. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of the soluble forms of two putative essential H. pylori motor scaffold components, proteins PflA and PflB. We developed an on-column refolding procedure, overcoming the challenge of inclusion body formation in Escherichia coli. We employed mild detergent sarkosyl to enhance protein recovery and n-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylamine-N-oxide (LDAO)-containing buffers to achieve optimal solubility and monodispersity. In addition, we showed that PflA lacking the β-rich N-terminal domain is expressed in a soluble form, and behaves as a monodisperse monomer in solution. The methods for producing the soluble, folded forms of H. pylori PflA and PflB established in this work will facilitate future biophysical and structural studies aimed at deciphering their location and their function within the flagellar motor.
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) contributes to senescence and phenotypic changes in brain pericytes in diabetes-mimicking conditions
Authors: Edgerton-Fulton Mia , Abdul Yasir , Jamil Sarah , Ergul Adviye
Published: August 2024

Diabetes mediates endothelial dysfunction and increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Diabetes also dysregulates the ET system. ET-1-mediated constriction of brain microvascular pericytes (BMVPCs) has been shown to contribute to brain hypoperfusion. Cellular senescence, a process that arrests the proliferation of harmful cells and instigates phenotypical changes and proinflammatory responses in endothelial cells that impact their survival and function. Thus, we hypothesized that ET-1 mediates BMVPC senescence and phenotypical changes in diabetes-like conditions. Human BMVPCs were incubated in diabetes-like conditions with or without ET-1 (1 µmol/L) for 3 and 7 days. Hydrogen peroxide (100 µmol/L H2O2) was used as a positive control for senescence and to mimic ischemic conditions. Cells were stained for senescence-associated β-galactosidase or processed for immunoblotting and quantitative real-time PCR analyses. In additional experiments, cells were stimulated with ET-1 in the presence or absence of ETA receptor antagonist BQ-123 (20 μmol/L) or ETB receptor antagonist BQ-788 (20 μmol/L). ET-1 stimulation increased β-galactosidase accumulation which was prevented by BQ-123. ET-1 also increased traditional senescence marker p16 protein and pericyte-specific senescence markers, TGFB1i1, PP1CA, and IGFBP7. Furthermore, ET-1 stimulated contractile protein α-SMA and microglial marker ostepontin in high glucose suggesting a shift toward an ensheathing or microglia-like phenotype. In conclusion, ET-1 triggers senescence, alters ETA and ETB receptors, and causes phenotypical changes in BMVPCs under diabetes-like conditions. These in vitro findings need to be further studied in vivo to establish the role of ETA receptors in the progression of pericyte senescence and phenotypical changes in VCID.
An optimized AC side startup strategy of E‐STATCOM for ITER pulsed power electrical network
Authors: Deng Tianbai , Yuan Tao , Tao Jun , Shen Xianshun , Han Song , Zhu Qianlong , Fan Renjing , Mei Chong
Published: August 2024

During the operation of the ITER machine, hundreds of MW/Var of active and reactive power will be exchanged with the grid. The E‐STATCOM scheme composed of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) and split supercapacitor energy storage has been proposed to improve the power compensation performance of the existing reactive power compensation system in the previous study. However, one of the main technical challenges which is lack of research is to precharge all submodule capacitors and supercapacitors from zero to their nominal voltage values efficiently during a startup process. As the capacitance and operating voltage of supercapacitors are much different from capacitors in each submodule, the startup of E‐STATCOM is a more complicated process. To coordinate the energy exchange between submodule capacitors and supercapacitors, submodule capacitors and the grid, this paper presents an optimized four‐stage AC side startup strategy for the E‐STATCOM. The proposed method minimizes the use of current‐limiting resistors while suppressing the surge current in the zero‐voltage startup process of supercapacitors, in addition to optimizing the energy consumption. The pulse current charging, constant current charging and constant power charging strategies of supercapacitors are adopted in different charging stages, and the detailed coordinated control scheme between submodule capacitors and supercapacitors are described and analyzed. The effectiveness and performance of the proposed method are verified by simulation results and hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) experiments.
Exocomet orbital distribution around β Pictoris
Authors: Heller René
Published: August 2024

The ~23 Myr young star β Pictoris (β Pic) is a laboratory for planet formation studies because of its observed debris disk, its directly imaged super-Jovian planets β Pic b and c, and the evidence of extrasolar comets that regularly transit in front of the star. The most recent evidence of exocometary transits around β Pic came from stellar photometric time series obtained with the TESS space mission. Previous analyses of these transits constrained the orbital distribution of the underlying exocomet population to a range between about 0.03 and 1.3 AU assuming a fixed transit impact parameter. We examine the distribution of the observed transit durations (Δt) to infer the orbital surface density distribution (δ) of the underlying exocomet sample. The effect of the geometric transit probability for circular orbits was properly taken into account, but we assumed that the radius of the transiting comets and their possible clouds of evaporating material are much smaller than the stellar radius. We show that a narrow belt of exocomets around β Pic, in which the transit impact parameters are randomized but the orbital semimajor axes are equal, results in a pile-up of long transit durations. This is in contrast to observations, which reveal a pile-up of short transit durations (Δt ≈ 0.1 d) and a tail of only a few transits with Δt > 0.4 d. A flat density distribution of exocomets between about 0.03 and 2.5 AU results in a better match between the resulting Δt distribution and the observations, but the slope of the predicted Δt histogram is not sufficiently steep. An even better match to the observations can be produced with a δ ∝ aβ power law. Our modeling reveals a best fit between the observed and predicted Δt distribution for β = −0.15−0.10+0.05. A more reasonable scenario in which the exocometary trajectories are modeled as hyperbolic orbits can also reproduce the observed Δt distribution to some extent. Future studies might reproduce the observed Δt distribution with a full exploration of the four-dimensional parameter space of highly eccentric orbits, and they might need to relax our assumption that the transiting objects are smaller than the stellar disk. The number of observed exocometary transits around β Pic is currently too small to validate the previously reported distinction of two distinct exocomet families, but this might be possible with future TESS observations of this star. Our results nevertheless imply that cometary material exists on highly eccentric orbits with a more extended range of semimajor axes than suggested by previous spectroscopic observations.
The RAdio Galaxy Environment Reference Survey (RAGERS)
Authors: Zhou D. , Greve T. R. , Gullberg B. , Lee M. M. , Di Mascolo L. , Dicker S. R. , Romero C. E. , Chapman S. C. , Chen C.-C. , Cornish T. , Devlin M. J. , Ho L. C. , Kohno K. , Lagos C. D. P. , Mason B. S. , Mroczkowski T. , Wagg J. F. W. , Wang Q. D. , Wang R. , Brinch M. , Dannerbauer H. , Jiang X.-J. , Lauritsen L. R. B. , Vijayan A. P. , Vizgan D. , Wardlow J. L. , Sarazin C. L. , Sarmiento K. P. , Serjeant S. , Bhandarkar T. A. , Haridas S. K. , Moravec E. , Orlowski-Scherer J. , Sievers J. L. R. , Tanaka I. , Wang Y.-J. , Zeballos M. , Laza-Ramos A. , Liu Y. , Hassan M. S. R. , Jwel A. K. M. , Nazri A. A. , Lim M. K. , Ibrahim U. F. S. U.
Published: August 2024

Context.High-redshift radio(-loud) galaxies (HzRGs) are massive galaxies with powerful radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and serve as beacons for protocluster identification. However, the interplay between HzRGs and the large-scale environment remains unclear.

Aims.To understand the connection between HzRGs and the surrounding obscured star formation, we investigated the overdensity and spatial distribution of submillimeter-bright galaxies (SMGs) in the field of 4C 23.56, a well-known HzRG atz = 2.48.

Methods.We used SCUBA-2 data (σ ∼ 0.6 mJy) to estimate the 850 μm source number counts and examine the radial and azimuthal overdensities of the 850 μm sources in the vicinity of the HzRG.

Results.The angular distribution of SMGs is inhomogeneous around the HzRG 4C 23.56, with fewer sources oriented along the radio jet. We also find a significant overdensity of bright SMGs (S​850 μm ≥ 5 mJy). Faint and bright SMGs exhibit different spatial distributions. The former are concentrated in the core region, while the latter prefer the outskirts of the HzRG field. High-resolution observations show that the seven brightest SMGs in our sample are intrinsically bright, suggesting that the overdensity of bright SMGs is less likely due to the source multiplicity.
Revisiting empirical solar energetic particle scaling relations
Authors: Papaioannou Athanasios , Herbst Konstantin , Ramm Tobias , Lario David , Veronig Astrid M.
Published: August 2024

Aims. The space radiation environment conditions and the maximum expected coronal mass ejection (CME) speed are assessed by investigating scaling laws between the peak proton flux and fluence of solar energetic particle (SEP) events with the speed of the CMEs.

Methods. We used a complete catalog of SEP events, covering the last ∼25 years of CME observations (i.e., 1997–2017). We calculated the peak proton fluxes and integrated event fluences for events that reached an integral energy of up to E > 100 MeV. For a sample of 38 strong SEP events, we first investigated the statistical relations between the recorded peak proton fluxes (IP) and fluences (FP) at a set of integral energies of E > 10 MeV, E > 30 MeV, E > 60 MeV, and E > 100 MeV versus the projected CME speed near the Sun (VCME) obtained by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (SOHO/LASCO). Based on the inferred relations, we further calculated the integrated energy dependence of both IP and FP, assuming that they follow an inverse power law with respect to energy. By making use of simple physical assumptions, we combined our derived scaling laws to estimate the upper limits for VCME, IP, and FP by focusing on two cases of known extreme SEP events that occurred on 23 February 1956, (GLE05) and in AD774/775, respectively. Based on the physical constraints and assumptions, several options for the upper limit VCME associated with these events were investigated.

Results. A scaling law relating IP and FP to the CME speed as VCME5 for CMEs ranging between ∼3400–5400 km/s is consistent with values of FP inferred for the cosmogenic nuclide event of AD774/775. At the same time, the upper CME speed that the current Sun can provide possibly falls within an upper limit of VCME ≤ 5500 km/s.
Metal line emission around z < 1 galaxies
Authors: Dutta Rajeshwari , Fumagalli Michele , Fossati Matteo , Rafelski Marc , Revalski Mitchell , Arrigoni Battaia Fabrizio , D’Odorico Valentina , Péroux Celine , Prichard Laura J. , Swinbank A. Mark
Published: August 2024

We characterize, for the first time, the average extended emission in multiple lines ([O II], [O III], and Hβ) around a statistical sample of 560 galaxies at z ≈ 0.25 − 0.85. By stacking the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) 3D data from two large surveys, the MUSE Analysis of Gas around Galaxies (MAGG) and the MUSE Ultra Deep Field (MUDF), we detect significant [O II] emission out to ≈40 kpc, while [O III] and Hβ emission is detected out to ≈30 kpc. Via comparisons with the nearby average stellar continuum emission, we find that the line emission at 20–30 kpc likely arises from the disk-halo interface. Combining our results with that of our previous study at z ≈ 1, we find that the average [O II] surface brightness increases independently with redshift over z ≈ 0.4 − 1.3 and with stellar mass over M* ≈106 − 12 M⊙, which is likely driven by the star formation rate as well as the physical conditions of the gas. By comparing the observed line fluxes with photoionization models, we find that the ionization parameter declines with distance, going from log q (cm s−1) ≈ 7.7 at ≤5 kpc to ≈7.3 at 20–30 kpc, which reflects a weaker radiation field in the outer regions of galaxies. The gas-phase metallicity shows no significant variation over 30 kpc, with a metallicity gradient of ≈0.003 dex kpc−1, which indicates an efficient mixing of metals on these scales. Alternatively, there could be a significant contribution from shocks and diffuse ionized gas to the line emission in the outer regions.
Sub-Riemannian cut time and cut locus in Reiter–Heisenberg groups
Authors: Montanari Annamaria , Morbidelli Daniele
Published: August 2024

We study the sub-Riemannian cut time and cut locus of a given point in a class of step-2 Carnot groups of Reiter–Heisenberg type. Following the Hamiltonian point of view, we write and analyze extremal curves, getting the cut time of any of them, and a precise description of the set of cut points.
Les signes d’appel des affections de l’oesophage chez le chien et le chat
Authors: Hugonnard Marine
Published: August 2024

Les affections de l’œsophage se traduisent par une combinaison variable de régurgitations, odynophagie, dysphagie, ptyalisme, troubles de l’appétit et signes respiratoires.

Chez le chien et le chat, les régurgitations représentent le symptôme d’appel dominant d’une affection œsophagienne.

Les hernies hiatales et les sténoses œsophagiennes sont plus fréquentes chez le chat, les mégaœsophages et les corps étrangers œsophagiens plus fréquents chez le chien.
Savoir différencier une dysphagie oro-pharyngée, œsophagienne et des vomissements est important pour orienter la démarche diagnostique.

L’âge, la race, la cinétique d’installation des symptômes et leur combinaison permettent de hiérarchiser les hypothèses diagnostiques étiologiques.
Vers de nouvelles pistes diagnostiques et thérapeutiques
pour l’arthrose chez l’homme
Authors: Henrotin Yves , Boulocher Caroline
Published: August 2024

Chez l’homme, l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) classe l’arthrose parmi les dix affections les plus handicapantes dans les pays industrialisés. En plus de séquelles physiques, l’arthrose entraîne de lourdes séquelles psychologiques, une baisse de la qualité de vie et un risque de mortalité augmenté en présence d’une co-morbidité cardio-vasculaire. Aussi, si l’arthrose peut apparaître banale en raison de sa grande fréquence, en influençant le pronostic global du patient, il s’agit d’une affection sévère qui peut être responsable du développement de comorbidités.

Les facteurs de risque de l'arthrose sont nombreux : antécédents de traumatisme ou d’infection articulaire, obésité, génétique, sexe et facteurs anatomiques liés à la forme et à l’alignement articulaire. Il existe une association forte entre l’âge et l’arthrose mais vieillissement et arthrose sont des processus indépendants.

Comme chez l’animal, chez l’homme, le diagnostic de l’arthrose reste fondé sur des données cliniques et radiologiques. Il n’est donc établi que tardivement, alors que les modifications structurelles sont déjà présentes. De nouveaux marqueurs biologiques sont nécessaires pour aider le praticien dans le diagnostic et le suivi thérapeutique des patients arthrosiques, mais aussi l’industrie dans le développement de nouveaux traitements.

Le phénotypage des patients est un nouveau concept dans l’arthrose. Il s’agit de prendre en compte l’hétérogénéité de la population des patients arthrosiques. Il n’y a donc pas « une arthrose » mais de multiples « arthroses » qui correspondent à autant de phénotypes -ou sous-groupes- arthrosiques.

Malgré son importance sociétale et médicale, il n’existe toujours pas de traitements curatifs de l’arthrose, ni en médecine humaine, ni en médecine vétérinaire.

Actuellement, le but du traitement est toujours de réduire la douleur, d’améliorer la qualité de vie ainsi que la mobilité et, si possible, de ralentir ou de stabiliser la progression de la maladie afin de retarder la pose de prothèses articulaires.

Beaucoup d'espoir a été placé dans l'utilisation des biothérapies qui avaient montré leur efficacité dans le traitement de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde, mais à ce jour, les résultats des essais cliniques sont mitigés dans le cadre de leur utilisation dans le traitement de l’arthrose. Les recherches actuelles sur les biomarqueurs qui permettent de classifier les types d’arthrose, les études sur les biomatériaux servant de véhicule, associés aux recherches sur la biologie des cellules souches et de leur sécrétome sont autant de voies d’avenir pour développer de nouveaux traitements personnalisés.
Recherche - Diagnostic et traitement de l’arthrose :
qu’apporte le liquide synovial ?
Authors: Boulocher Caroline , Decambron Adeline
Published: August 2024

Par sa position centrale au cœur de l’articulation synoviale, le liquide synovial (LS) est un véritable marqueur de la santé articulaire.
Une maladie ou un traumatisme affectant l’un des tissus articulaires (cartilage hyalin, cartilage calcifié, os sous chondral, synovium, ménisques, ligaments intra et/ou extra-articulaires, tissus adipeux infrapatellaires, …) a des effets en aval sur les autres tissus, et notamment sur le liquide synovial qui baigne directement ou indirectement l’ensemble des tissus articulaires.
C’est pour cela que le liquide synovial est une source privilégiée de biomarqueurs spécifiques d’une affection articulaire.

L’analyse de la composition et des propriétés mécaniques du liquide synovial (LS) peut donc permettre de mettre en évidence une affection articulaire et même de la caractériser. En orthopédie, cet examen simple doit être envisagé, et ce d’autant plus, que de nombreuses analyses peuvent être réalisées au chevet du patient.

Ainsi, une piste d’amélioration des symptômes et des lésions articulaires induits lors d’arthrose est d’augmenter la viscosité du liquide synovial, en particulier en le supplémentant en acide hyaluronique.
Une autre option thérapeutique peut être d’ajouter dans le liquide synovial des éléments possédant des propriétés régénératrice et anti-inflammatoire ou immuno-modulatrice.

Dans le développement d’une maladie arthrosique, la diminution du contenu du LS en acide hyaluronique tient une place importante, pour des raisons biologiques et mécaniques.
De plus, après un traumatisme articulaire ou lors d’arthrose, un lien étroit existe entre inflammation, diminution de la viscosité du liquide synovial et de ses propriétés lubrifiantes, et la dégradation du cartilage.
Conduite diagnostique à tenir face à une rétention vésicale chez le chien et le chat
Authors: Robin Elisabeth , Hahn Harriet , Eymeric Gomes , Le Boedec Kevin
Published: August 2024

L'émission d'urine est une action capitale pour l'équilibre physiologique de l'organisme. Une rétention vésicale peut avoir de graves conséquences pour la fonction urinaire et cardio-vasculaire. Une prise en charge rapide est donc indispensable, mais le diagnostic étiologique peut parfois s'avérer complexe et long.
Afin de garantir une gestion thérapeutique adaptée, la conduite diagnostique doit être progressive et raisonnée. Dans un premier temps, le recueil complet des commémoratifs est nécessaire : mode de vie de l'animal, antécédents de trauma ou de chirurgie, traitement en cours, …
L'examen clinique général doit être exhaustif. L'inspection des voies urinaires et génitales représente un temps fondamental de la consultation. L’entretien avec le propriétaire est important, et peut être complété par l’observation d’une miction spontanée. Un sondage urinaire à l'issue d’une miction permet de déterminer le volume résiduel, et d’évaluer la difficulté au sondage.
Si la rétention urinaire est accompagnée de déficits neurologiques des membres postérieurs, les hypothèses diagnostiques sont orientées vers des atteintes médullaires/
nerfs périphériques.
Dans le cas contraire, des examens d'imagerie de première intention (radiographie avec ou sans marquage, échographie abdominale) permettent d'explorer la majorité des étiologies possibles. Des examens complémentaires de seconde intention existent pour les cas plus compliqués.
Démarche diagnostique face à des tumeurs périanales chez le chien et le chat
Authors: Chamel Gabriel
Published: August 2024

De multiples processus tumoraux peuvent survenir en région périanale en raison de la richesse anatomique et histologique de la région.

Les trois tumeurs les plus fréquemment rencontrées en pratique courante sont les adénomes et les adénocarcinomes des glandes hépatoïdes périanales (qui ne surviennent que chez le chien), et les adénocarcinomes des glandes apocrines du sac anal (qui peuvent survenir chez le chien et chez le chat).

Les adénomes périanaux sont des tumeurs bénignes hormono-dépendantes tandis que les adénocarcinomes périanaux et les adénocarcinomes du sac anal sont des tumeurs agressives non hormono-dépendantes.
L’anamnèse et l’examen clinique permettent en général de hiérarchiser les hypothèses diagnostiques mais un examen morphologique (cytologique et/ou histologique) est indispensable pour obtenir un diagnostic de certitude.

Les examens d’imagerie peuvent constituer une aide au diagnostic mais sont surtout utilisés pour caractériser l’extension locale et à distance des néoplasmes malins.
Prise en charge des tumeurs ano-rectales chez le chien et le chat
Authors: Valin Isabelle
Published: August 2024

Le rectum et l’anus sont composés de plusieurs tissus ; chacun de ces tissus peut développer un type tumoral dont l’agressivité est variable. Le pronostic est donc différent selon le type tumoral.

La démarche clinique doit préciser le type tumoral et son extension TNM avant de proposer une prise en charge chirurgicale.
Comment aider son client à rédiger son règlement sanitaire
Authors: Lévy Xavier , Mimouni Philippe
Published: August 2024

Le règlement sanitaire est un document obligatoire, dont l’éleveur est le rédacteur et co-signataire avec le vétérinaire sanitaire de son choix.

Le document détaille, en particulier, toutes les activités d’entretien des locaux et des animaux.
Il doit permettre à un tiers de gérer le quotidien d’une exploitation en l’absence de l’exploitant.

La mise en œuvre des soins aux animaux (hygiène, alimentation, traitements préventifs, etc.), de l’hygiène des locaux, et des conduites à tenir en cas d’incident (maladie, décès, accident du travail) sont méthodiquement détaillées.
Les particularités de la visite en élevage félin
Authors: Furthner Etienne , Fontbonne Alain
Published: August 2024

La plupart des visites d’élevage félin ont lieu dans des élevages familiaux où les animaux vivent dans la même maison que le propriétaire. Il n’est donc pas possible d’appliquer les mêmes règles que pour des élevages canins de grande taille.
Dans un premier temps, les problématiques sanitaires spécifiques au chat sont détaillées, liées à la possible introduction d’agents pathogènes au sein de l’élevage par l’intermédiaire de chats errants, d’activités d’élevage telles que les expositions ou l’accès aux visiteurs.

Ensuite, sont détaillés les éléments qui doivent retenir toute l’attention du vétérinaire lors de la visite d’élevage : la gestion de la litière, la surdensité animale, la sectorisation, les protocoles de nettoyage et de désinfection, la problématique des surfaces qui peuvent être nettoyés ou désinfectés de manière classique telles que les arbres à chat.
L’évaluation des critères de stress et de bien-être du chat sont systématiquement à mettre en relation avec les moyens sanitaires mis en place, car le facteur stress augmente les probabilités d’apparition de symptômes de manière significative chez le chat.
Le maître mot lors de ces visites d’élevage assez particulières est de faire preuve de pragmatisme, tout en sachant qu’il est difficile de modifier les habitudes de vie des éleveurs.
S2k-Guideline Non-hormonal Contraception, Part 2: Intrauterine Devices and Sterilization
Authors: Böttcher Bettina , Beckermann Maria J. , Berger Barbara , Cremers Jann Frederik , DʼCosta Elisabeth , Frank-Herrmann Petra , Freundl-Schütt Tanja , Friedrich Cornelia , Funck Sören , Gathmann Christine , Goeckenjan Maren , Goette Sabine , Hancke Katharina , Leiber-Caspers Christian , Maeffert Jana , Merki Gabriele , Oppelt Patricia , Renteria Saira-Christine , Richter-Unruh Annette , Schäfer Sebastian Daniel , Schardt Anne-Rose , Schernus Nina , Schumann-Doermer Claudia , Seyler Helga , Sieber Christine , Sonntag Barbara , Stöcker Gabriele , Toth Bettina , Tunkel Angela , Wallwiener Lisa-Maria , Segerer Sabine
Published: August 2024

Aim This official guideline was published and coordinated by the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG with the involvement of other medical societies. The aim was to provide a consensus-based overview of non-hormonal forms of contraception based on an evaluation of the relevant literature. The first part of these summarized statements and recommendations presents natural family planning methods such as lactational amenorrhea, barrier methods and coitus interruptus. The second part focuses on intrauterine devices and sterilization.

Methods This S2k-guideline was developed by representative members from different medical professions on behalf of the guidelines commission of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG using a structured consensus process.

Recommendations The guideline provides recommendations on the indications for, safety of use, benefits, and limitations of the different methods as well as recommendations on providing advice and other aspects of non-hormonal contraception. This summary presents recommendations and statements about intrauterine devices and female and male sterilization.
Development, Optimization, and Validation of an in vitro Cell-Based Bioassay to Determine the Biological Activity of Teriparatide (PTH1–34)
Authors: Luo Tao , Lu Jianguang , Guo Chen , Feng Xue , Xu Jun , Feng Jun
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to establish an efficient in vitro cell-based assay to measure the activity of teriparatide (PTH1–34). In this study, a rat osteosarcoma cell line (UMR-106) was treated with various concentrations of PTH1–34, and the biological activity of PTH1–34 was determined by quantitatively measuring intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels using a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. A four-parameter fitting analysis was used to calculate the relative potency of the samples. The experimental conditions were optimized. The method's specificity, relative accuracy, precision, and linearity were validated. Our data suggested that this method had good specificity, a relative bias of relative accuracy ranging from −0.8 to 1.4%, a correlation coefficient for the linear regression equation of 0.9953, a geometric coefficient of variation for intermediate precision ranges from 2.0 to 3.5%, and a linear range of 50 to 150%. This method significantly improves the quality control and release inspection efficiency of PTH1–34 and may be further developed and validated as an alternative to the existing United States Pharmacopeia and European Pharmacopoeia inclusion methods. This method also provides a platform for the high-throughput screening of PTH1–34 analogs.