bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF PATHYAPATHYA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF EKA KUSHTHA (PSORIASIS)
Authors: Chandrakar Srishti  , Diwan Rashmi  , Sahu Jeevan Lal
Published: February 2021

Ayurveda is not merely a medical science. It is a complete life science. In Ayurveda all skin diseases are described under the Kushtha, which are further divided into Maha Kushtha and Kshudra Kushtha. Eka Kushtha is one of the Kshudra Kushtha described in different Ayurvedic classics. It is Vata-Kaphaj disorder. Ekakushtha has signs and symptoms i.e., Aswedanam (absence of sweating), Mahavastu (big size lesions) and Matsyasha kalopamam (scaling) which can be compared with Psoriasis. The exact etiology of Psoriasis is not known but many precipitating factors like genetic, dietary, immunological and psychological has been found. It is spreading fast because of unsuitable lifestyle changes such as dietary pattern, busy schedule and stress. The aim is to find out safe and effective treatment for psoriasis. Ayurveda plays an important role. There are three basic principles to treat any disease in Ayurveda i.e., Shodhana, Shamana and Nidana Parivarjana. Nidana Parivarjana is considered as the first line of treatment in most of the diseases. In Ayurveda diet plays a major role in the prevention and management of the disease. Sometimes Pathya and Apathya are the complete treatment of any diseases. So the main aim of this article is to focus on etiological factors of Ekakushtha and its management by various dietary regimens described in different Ayurvedic texts.
AN ELIXIR EFFECT OF DIET ON STHOULYA (MEDOROGA) IN AYURVEDA
Authors: Dass Saket  , Baghel Pramod Kumar
Published: February 2021

Ayurveda is the ancient holistic science of life which gives us most detailed information on different Ahara (Diet) and lifestyles to be followed in different disease conditions as well as to maintain the optimum health of a healthy human being. Ayurveda states in full detail about the specific Ahara and lifestyles to be followed during different seasons under different climate circumstances and for different diseases. Ayurveda has scientific approach in planning the Ahara; therefore Acharya Charaka has included Ahara as first among the three supporting pillars of life. Ahara is an important component for the management of a disease in the same way as Ahara is considered as an important aid to protect the life and health. Sthoulya (Obesity/Medoroga) is a burning problem in present era due to improper Ahara and luxurious and competitive lifestyle. People have neither time nor interested to follow the dietetic regimens as well as daily regimens and seasonal regimens as described in classical texts of the Ayurveda.
AN AYURVEDIC APPROACH IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: Deepika Tewari  , Vimal Tewari
Published: February 2021

AYUSH healthcare providers are contributing a good spectrum of health care system to India and rendering relief to the health seekers of the rural as well urban area. India has very long time tradition of the use of this system. Ayurvedic system of healthcare is a big fraction of AYUSH healthcare that originated as well as developed in India.
Hyperthyroidism is a chronic, hormonal disorder that may affect almost all tissues and organs. Hyperthyroidism has been managed optimally with modern drugs since long but it may produce various untoward effects on long usage.
The aim of this review is to study the literature regarding herbal drugs that have been commonly used in Hyperthyroidism or similar symptoms. The modern as well as Ayurvedic literature was reviewed to explore herbal drugs pertaining to pharmacological effects and therapeutic benefits for hyperthyroidism. The present article is an effort to highlight the role of a plants particularly used in hyperactive thyroid gland, which have multifaceted pharmacological actions and therapeutic potential. This review may also be used for designing various clinical studies to serve the usefulness of plants in similar hormonal disorders.
SCOPE OF YOGA IN REDUCING STRESS AND MANAGEMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES DURING THE CURRENT PANDEMIC- A REVIEW OF EXISTING LITERATURE
Authors: Arun Gupta  , Verma Meenakshi
Published: February 2021

Background: With the emergence of Covid 19 pandemic due to increased socio-economic curbs and increased uncertainty of life, psychological disorders are getting surged up. Due to restricted access and poor mental health care facilities, Yoga can be seen as possibility to give a respite to the vulnerable populations and individuals. Aims and Objectives: To establish the role of Yoga as an effective therapeutic modality for catering the need of emerging psychological health issues during Covid 19 pandemic. Material and Methods: (a) Narrative review of existing scientific literature on the mental health and Yoga especially during Covid-19. (b) Studies specifically related to high-risk or vulnerable populations (c) Review of effectiveness of Yoga interventions on the mental health (d) Evidence based use of the Yogic interventions in mitigation of commonly manifested signs of psychological distress during Covid-19 pandemic. Total in depth study of 28 articles dealing with the above mentioned areas. Many methodological and research gaps are noted. Discussion: In Indian context, many research gaps exist in the study of Yoga as an effective therapeutic modality for psychological first aid and mental health care, especially in the emergent Covid 19 pandemic. Conclusion: Globally and nationally there is need to plan and execute high quality research studies to establish Yoga as an evidence based therapeutic modality especially for management of Psychological disorders and to include Yoga in existing mental health care services.
DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARD OPERATIVE PROCEDURE FOR RAS POTTALI W.R.S. RASA PRAKASHA SUDHAKARA
Authors: Vijay Shree Bharti  , Rajendra Barfa  , Amit Mishra  , Sakhitha K.S.  , K. Shankar Rao
Published: February 2021

Since medieval period, Rasashastra has occupied a pivotal position in Ayurvedic system of medicine. In Rasashastra, uses of Mercury as a medicine have evolved gradually over centuries. Compared to traditional Rasa formulations, Many of them which were earlier in practice are not at all used today. Though literature is available on quality aspects of such herbo-mineral formulations in the classical text books, contemporary science is raising concerns at regular intervals on herbo-mineral formulations. Thus, it becomes mandate to develop quality profiles of all formulations that contain metals or minerals in their composition. ‘Rasa Pottali’ is one of such preparation that is grouped under ‘Murchita Parada Yoga’ in consolidate form which also incorporates the Pota Bandha of Parada. No other classical references are found for this formulation except for Rasa Prakasha Sudhakara. In the present study an attempt has been made to prepare Rasa pottali by classical reference and to evaluate its manufacturing process with possible modifications. As per the SOP, the formula mentions that the application of Dhatura patra swarasa to be applied on Pottali covered with cloth but this seems to be not appropriate for the Pharmaceutical preparation and to develop SMP of this preparation. Keeping this in view, the preparation has designed into three different experiments and are carried out to prepare three samples of Rasapottali RP1 (7-7 Bhavana with Tamboola patra swarasa and Dhatura parta swarasa), RP2 (7 Bhavana with Tamboola patra swarasa and 7 Lepana with Dhatura patra kalka) and RP3 (7 Lepana with Tamboola patra kalka and 7 Lepana with Dhatura patra kalka).
CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME WITH MODERN AND AYURVEDA POINT OF VIEW
Authors: Khushboo Jha  , K. Bharathi  , Kajal Jha  , Sonu
Published: February 2021

Pre menstrual syndrome (PMS) is distressing psychological, physical and/ or behavioural symptoms. It occurs during the luteal phase of menstrual cycle. The significant regression of symptoms comes with onset of or during the period. PMS can also be defined as a combination of emotional, physical and psychological disturbances. It occurs after a woman’s ovulation, which gets end with onset of her menstrual flow. Here, in this review a detailed explanation about its etiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and its treatment are being described. Ayurveda points of view regarding PMS are also being described. Premenstrual syndrome can be probably correlated with Rituvyatita Kalaja Pitta Vata Vriddhi. As Vata dosha plays important role in aggravating the other Doshas as well. Vata Dosha imbalance causes the imbalance state of other Doshas causing premenstrual syndrome. Vata in association with Pitta and Kapha simultaneously vitiates Manodosha and Rasadhatu. Mithyahar vihar is the Samanya nidana for this syndrome.
INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR DIABETES THROUGH LIFE STYLE MODIFICATIONS AND YOGA: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Pooja Rani  , Subash Sahu  , Jai Singh Yadav
Published: February 2021

Diabetes mellitus is defined as multiple etiological disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disturbed of metabolism leads into defective insulin secretion, action or both. Research showed 150 million people have diabetes mellitus worldwide, which can be doubled by the year 2025. This tremendous sudden increase is due to population growth, ageing, unhealthy diets, obesity and sedentary lifestyles. In contemporary science diabetes management includes uses of oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin injections still blood sugar level remains uncontrolled and may leads to further complications. In Ayurveda characteristic features of diabetes has been described under Madhumeha in which treatment principles have been explained beautifully in detail which includes Shodhana therapy, Shamana therapy, diet and Yogic exercise. Through various studies we come across that there have been lots of research works done on role of Ayurveda and yoga in diabetes mellitus. In this article an attempt has been made to collect various data published by CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, ICMR and CSIR has. Along with data available on PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, AYUSH research portal and various online journals based on some clinical studies. So, that a multidimensional approach can be made through these resources and apply to cure the patient and improve quality of life.
PITTAJA ARTAVADUSHTI AND ITS TREATMENT: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Shalvi Sharma  , Dave Hetal H  , Bharathi K  , Choudhary Poonam  , Dash Bhagyaranjan
Published: February 2021

In order to give rise to new offspring, female body undergoes menstrual cycle. It involves the shedding of endometrium manifested as Māsānumāsika Rajaḥ Pravṛtti i.e., Ārtava Pravṛtti. Due to changes in life style of women in terms of Āhāra, Vihāra, there is more physical and emotional stress and this may result in Ārtavaduṣṭi, where the normal menstrual cycle gets disturbed or presented in altered form.

Background: A married Hindu female patient of 35 years came to NIA Prasuti-stree Roga OPD on 25th July, 2019 with complaints of painful menstruation since last 14 years, heavy bleeding during menstruation since last 10 years and mild burning micturition with increased frequency of micturition (on/off) since last 2 years.

Methodology: Mainly Pitta Doṣa vitiation symptoms were observed in the patient. Her complete Nidāna Parivarjana and Prakṛti Vighāta was done and Pitta Doṣa Śāmaka Dravyas were used in treatment including specific Pittaja Ārtavaduṣṭi line of treatment mentioned in Ayurvedic classics. She was given combination of Yaṣṭīmadhu Cūrṇa, Miśi (Fennel), Munakkā (dried Vitis vinifera), Goghṛta twice a day in the form of Kalka with warm water, Kuṭakī Cūrṇa, Munakkā, Dhāgā Miśrī in equal parts in the form of pea sized Guṭikā twice a day with cold water, Gokṣura Cūrṇa, Copcīnī Cūrṇa twice a day with water, Avipattikara Cūrṇa before meal, twice a day with water. The treatment was continued for 2 months.

Result: There was relief in menstrual and urinary symptoms after 2 months of treatment.
EVALUATION OF THE TREATMENT OF SHWITRA WITH AYURVEDA MODALITIES: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Verma Priyanka  , Lahange M. Sandeep  , Jain Saurabh  , Sharma Dushyant
Published: February 2021

In Ayurveda most of the skin diseases are explained under the term Kushtha. Shwitra is considered as one of the varieties of Kushtha in the Ayurvedic Classics, caused vitiation of Tridoshas and Dhatus like Rakta, Mamsa and Meda. The references of Shwitra are found in almost all the Samhitas like Bruhatrayees and Laghutrayees. Partial or complete loss of skin pigmentation giving rise to white patch on any part of the body is called as leucoderma or vitiligo and in Ayurveda it is called as Shwitra. This depigmentation results due to destruction of melanocytes, which may be unknown in origin or due to autoimmune endocrinopathies selective IgA deficiency. A female patient, aged 20 year suffering from white patches in neck region since 4 year was treated with both Shaman Chikitsa and Sodhan Chikitsa for a period to 4 months with follow up at every 30 days in between, Relief from the complaints was assessed by noting the changes in the size of patch. After 4 months of treatment the size of patch was reduced. The present case study revealed the efficacy of Ayurveda therapy both internal and external for duration of 4 months in the management of Shwitra.
COMBINED EFFECT OF SNEHANA WITH PIPPALYADIANUVASANA THAILA AND VIRECHANA WITH HINGUTHRIGUNA THAILA IN POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
Authors: Athira Raj  , Asha S T  , Shiny S Raj
Published: February 2021

The polycystic ovarian syndrome is the leading cause of female infertility in the present scenario. It is one of the top reproductive endocrine disorders in the world. In the conventional method, no definite treatment is proven for this ailment and it mainly depends upon hormonal preparations and invasive techniques. These modalities are costlier and have many side effects. In Polycystic ovarian syndrome, there isNashtarthava which means the loss of ovulation as well as menstruation. Kapha Vatha Avarana causing Artavanasha which is explained as Nashtarthava by Susrutha can also be considered in this particular disease. Vatha is the cardinal Dosha vitiated in all these conditions. So the treatment modalities which correct Vathavaigunya can be adopted here. By considering the above facts Snehana with Pippalyadi anuvasana thaila and Virechana with Hingutriguna thaila were selected. These treatment modalities help in correcting Mootavatha and thereby removing Arthavavaha srothorodha. The study design was a pre and post interventional study with a sample size of 30. Females in the age group 18-38 years with Polycystic Ovarian syndrome attending the outpatient and inpatient department of Govt Ayurveda College hospital for women and children Poojappura, was selected for study as per Rotterdam Criteria. The symptoms were assessed before starting treatment using a case proforma, ultra-sonogram, and necessary lab investigations. The assessment was done each month during the study period and the follow-up period. Data obtained was analyzed statistically. The treatment was found to be effective in normalizing menstrual intervals, reducing the volume of ovaries, and reducing the body mass index. It was not effective in reducing the number of follicular cysts and in the induction of ovulation within the study period.
CONCEPT OF POST OPERATIVE PAIN AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN AYURVEDA: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Dhanokar C.A  , Badwe Y.R
Published: February 2021

Adequate analgesia in postoperative period is an essential and humanitarian factor for faster recovery. Currently used analgesics are opioids and NSAIDs which have certain adverse effect. So there is need to search pain management measures from alternative science to minimise use of opioids and NSAIDs. Sushruta samhita (Sushruta’s compendium) is the oldest reference for surgery in the world. He did various surgeries including laprotomy for intestinal obstruction, perforation, rhinoplasty, cataract and so many minor surgeries like cyst, lipoma etc removal thousand years back. Certainly he managed postoperative pain also. An effort is made in this article to explore Sushruta concept of postoperative pain and its management. Also currently available online articles regarding postoperative pain management in Ayurveda are searched. By using Ayurvedic protocols, polyherbal formulations effective pain management is possible and use of NSAIDs and opioids can be minimised.
IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF SIDDHARTAKA SNANA USED IN TREATMENT OF VICARCHIKA (ECZEMA)
Authors: E.R.H.S.S. Ediriweera  , A.M.H.Y Perera  , R. Senavirathne  , R. Rajapaksha
Published: February 2021

Vicarchika is a type of Kushta Roga (skin disease). It can be correlated with eczema. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa are some of the bacteria which cause skin diseases. Siddhartaka Snana is a herbal bath that is described in Charaka Samhita as a treatment for Kushta Roga. Siddhartaka Snana is a herbal preparation which consists ten herbs namely; Cyperus rotundus, Catunaregum spinosa, Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellarica, Cassia fistula, Pongamia pinnata, Holarrhena antidysentrica, Alastonia scholaris and Coscinum fenestratum. Antibacterial effect of Siddhartaka Snana against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa that are responsible for skin diseases was studied using disc diffusion method and well diffusion methods. In disc diffusion method, no inhibition zone was observed with any of the tested bacteria. However, an inhibition zone of 9.67mm was observed against Staphylococcus aureus in well diffusion method with Siddhartaka Snana. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Siddhartaka Snana against Staphylococcus aureus was 0.9225 mg/1ml. Ingredients of Siddhartaka Snana contain tannins, phenols and flavonoids, all of which possess antibacterial properties. Antibacterial effect of Siddhartaka Snana may have been exhibited due to actions of these phytochemicals. It was concluded that Siddhartaka Snana has an antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus.
STUDI SURVEI ALKITAB PERJANJIAN LAMA DAN PERJANJIAN BARU SEBAGAI DASAR PENGAJARAN IMAN KRISTEN
Authors: Mau Marthem
Published: February 2021

Alkitab adalah suatu studi yang menarasikan tentang perintah, ketetapan, dan larangan-larangan-Nya dalam kitab-kitab-Nya atau Firman-Nya yang diilhamkan melalui Roh Kudus, sehingga dapat dituliskan oleh para penulis, baik para nabi, raja, imam, hakim, penatua, dan rasul pada masa yang telah silam. Alkitab menjadi satu-satunya sumber yang sangat penting untuk dijadikan sebagai dasar mutlak dalam mengajarkan pengajaran Kristus kepada umat-Nya. Alkitab terbagi menjadi dua bagian besar yakni Perjanjian Lama dan Perjanjian Baru. Karena itu, melalui studi survei dapat ditemukan para penulis kitab-kitab-Nya, tahun dan tempat penulisan kitab-Nya, dan jumlah secara keseluruhan 1.189 pasal, 31.171 ayat, dan 691.718 kata. Dengan demikian, melalui hasil survei ini sangat memudahkan para pembaca Alkitab untuk tepat dan cepat dalam menyelesaikan membaca Alkitab. Karena itu, beberapa indikator yang harus diperhatikan oleh orang Kristen bila memiliki animo yang tinggi untuk menyelesaikan membaca Alkitab adalah sebagai berikut: pertama, Apabila kerinduan untuk membaca Alkitab diselesaikan dalam kurun waktu satu tahun, maka harus membaca 3 atau 4 pasal per hari; 85 atau 86 ayat per hari; atau 1.895/1.896 kata per hari. Kedua, Apabila kerinduan untuk membaca Alkitab diselesaikan dalam kurun waktu 6 bulan, maka harus membaca 7 pasal per hari; 171 ayat per hari; atau 3.780 kata per hari. Ketiga, Apabila kerinduan untuk membaca Alkitab diselesaikan dalam kurun waktu 3 bulan, maka harus membaca 12 atau 13 pasal per hari; 339 ayat per hari; atau 7.519 kata per hari. Dengan membaca grapho atau graphe Kristen secara saksama, maka pengetahuan tentang Kebenaran Tuhan bahkan pertumbuhan rohani akan semakin meningkat. Karena pengajaran Kristen yang sejatinya didapatkan dari Firman Tuhan melalui mendengar, membaca, mencamkan, dan mengimplementasikan esensi dari Firman Tuhan itu sejatinya.
KINERJA PENDIDIK YANG MAXIMAL MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Sibarani Mortan
Published: February 2021

Kinerja pendidik formal belum maximal di negara Indonesia. Masih menghadapi pekerjaan yang berat dan belum bisa dituntaskan oleh lembaga pendidikan yang menghasilkan guru..  Para  guru  lulusan  Lembaga  PendidikanTinggi  Kependidikkan  (LPTK).  sudah banyak melakukan inovasi dalam meningkakan mutu guru, namun tidak dapat dihindari lulusan-lulusan lembaga yang menghasilkan guru, belum secara signifikan meningkatkan kwalitas pendidikan, bahkan kurang mampu bersaing dengan lulusan negara lain.
SPIRITUALITAS KRISTEN KAUM INJILI BERBASIS ALKITAB
Authors: Harimurti FX Jeffry
Published: February 2021

Dimensi adikodrati yang dimaksud Sidjabat ini adalah aspek spiritual atau sesuai dengan definisi Paulus adalah tubuh rohaniah, sedang dimensi kodrati yang dimaksud Sidjabat adalah aspek lahiriah atau tubuh alamiah. Pernyataan Sidjabat mengenai dua aspek manusia ini, bukan dimengerti khusus bagi orang Kristen saja, tetapi dimengerti bahwa semua manusia baik Kristen ataupun tidak Kristen memiliki aspek spiritual dan aspek lahiriah. Oleh karena itu untuk membangun manusia tidak bisa hanya membangun salah satu aspek saja, melainkan keduanya.
ROH KUDUS DALAM TEOLOGI PERJANJIAN BARU 3:
Authors: Wibowo Moses
Published: February 2021

Kekristenan memiliki teologi yang kaya. Hal ini dikarenakan secara restrospektif kitab Suci umat kristen ditulis, diterima oleh pribadi yang berbeda (individual dan komunal) dan dalam kondisi yang multi konteks. Namun demikian semua karya yang ada dapat disatukan dalam satu tema besar yaitu karya penyelamatan Allah bagi manusia dan dunia. Untuk melaksanakan visi ini adalah bermisi dengan mengunkan dua agen misi utma: Yesus Kristus dan Roh Kudus. Roh Kudus sebagai agen kedua diprestasikan secara kaya oleh penulis kitab, khususnya Perjanjian Baru. Kekayaan ini juga bisa dapat menghasilkan pemahaman yang berbeda bagi para penafsir. Hasil dari pemahaman yang berberda akhirnya mengasilakan ajaran dan bahkan sikap yang berbeda pula di dalam perilaku kehidupan ini. Esai ini merupakan lanjutan dari reset pertama dan kedua dalam memahami kiprah Roh Kudus dalam teologi Perjanjian Baru. Kali ini merupakan bagian terakhir yang akan fokus pada karya Yohanes dan surat-surat umum. Yohanes dalam karyanya mempersentasikan Roh Kudus sebagai Allah yang berperan sebagai konselor yang melanjutkan karya Yesus. Roh kudus mengudusan meneguhkan dan sang pemberi hidup. Dalam surat-surat umum Roh Kudus berperan sebagai agen transformasi yang merealisasikan karya keselamatan dalam Yesus dalam rangka pengudusan umat melalui hadirnya kitab Suci sebagai Firman Allah yang harus ditaati sehingga keselamatan dapat dinikmati secara penuh.
Synthesis and Characterization of NaA Zeolite Using Natural Kaolinite Clays from Nigeria by Low Temperature Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Akinruli Ifedayo Joshua , Owoeye Seun Samuel , Abegunde Segun Michael , Onipede Ayodeji E. , Kingsley Ukoba
Published: February 2021

Zeolites NaA is one of the most valuable synthetic zeolites widely used as ion-exchange material, catalysts, and adsorbents in industry. There is therefore need to adopt a more energy-efficient route for its synthesis from low-cost and sustainable raw materials. In this present work, zeolites Na-A was synthesized from natural kaolinite clays obtained from three selected regions (Ikere, Okpella and Kankara) in Nigeria. The as-received kaolinite clays (IKclay, OKclay and KAclay) were initially beneficiated thoroughly to obtain pure powders (˂75 μm). The processed kaolinite clay powders were then subjected to heating in a muffle furnace at 850oC for 3 h at a heating rate of 10oC/min to convert the kaolinite clays to their respective metakaolins. The obtained metakaolins were then reacted with NaOH solutions at varying concentrations of 3.0 and 4.0M respectively using a low temperature hydrothermal transformation to obtained Zeolites Na-A powders. The obtained zeolites were then analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that zeolite NaA is produced with mixture of hydroxysodalite (HS) while the EDS revealed the presence of Si, Al, O and Na indicating chemical constituents of typical zeolite NaA. All the tested kaolinite clays are therefore suitable for preparation of zeolite NaA as cheaper source of silica and aluminum.
Communication Pattern of Family Planning Field Officers in Increasing Community Participation of Long-Term Contraception Usage
Authors: Ambo Nuraisyah , Herawati Andi Febri
Published: February 2021

The Field Officers play a role to convey family planning information and services. Thus, the community members can receive and understand family planning information properly and giving feedback. The problem posed is on how the role of Family Planning Field Officers in increasing the long-term contraceptive usage in Parigi Moutong Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted with the aim of revealing new concepts about the role of the Field Officers. This research was conducted using qualitative approach. Data collection is done through interviews, observation, and document study. The results of the study illustrate that the role of the Field Officers in communicating Family Planning Programs to increase couples participation using long-term contraception has not yet materialized, because the quality of information delivered is insufficient.Local cultural factors also do not approve vasectomy because it is contrary to religious values. Based on the results of the study, the new findings raised were the capacity of the Field Officers, the social cultural and economic aspects of husband and wife, as well as the environment which greatly influenced the Field Officers’ role in increasing community participation of long-term contraceptive usage in Parigi Moutong Regency.
http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/165
Authors:   Ph.D Faculty of Islamic Studies, International Islamic University Islamabad., Saeed Muhammad , Nawaz Rab
Published: February 2021

Imam Shahab Uddin Al-Alusi(1270 AH) was aditinguished Scholar of 13th century Hijri and he is famous for his Tafseer “Roohul Maani fi Tafseer al Quran al Azeem wa Al-Sabe Al-Mathani” which is considered an encyclopedia of Tafseer due to its comprehensive exaetical discussion. This tafseer include most of the information of the previous exageses. Furthermore Imam Al- Aalusi in his tafseer has criticized and rectified other scholars in various issues with arguments, among them is especially Imam Fakhr Uddin Al-Razi (606 AH) the author of tafseer “Mafateeh ul Ghaib”. Famous by “Al-Tafseer ul -Kabeer, who was prominent scholar of 7th century Hijri and the author of so many books in various field of Islmic Studies such as tafseer, jurisprudence, Fiqh, Al-Kalam, Philosophy, medical etc. In addition he was famous for his reasoning and critical discussion in his books especially his tafseer. So in this article we had discussed few examples of rectification of Imam Al-Alusi in his tafseer on Tafseer Mafateeh ul Ghaib of Imam Fakhr Uddin Al-Razi, from which we know the difference of opinion among scholars and how these Honourable Scholars were maintaining justice and courtesy while dealing with difference of opinion even having different school of thoughts. These honourable scholars were discussing such kind of issues with arguments, respecting each other personalities and opinions, in addition they were mostly impartial and tolerant. These rectifications are related to different kinds such as Exagetical, Jurstical, Grammatical, Linguistical etc. At the end Rectification is a terminology which mean correction of mistake, completion of deficiency and clarification of ambiguity
Irak Yönetimindeki Siyasal İstikrarsızlığın Anayasal Süreç Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ZİNE EL ABDİN Adil Sakran
Published: February 2021

2003 yılından sonra Irak’ta başlayan demokratik süreç, güvenlik sorunu ve siyasi istikrarsızlık nedeniyle işlemez hâle gelmiştir. 2005 yılında gerçekleştirilenhalk referandumuyla kabul edilen Irak Anayasası, işgal döneminde benimsendiği için işgal sonrası dönemde pek çok siyasi ve hukuki soruna neden olmuştur. Ayrıca 2005Anayasası içermiş olduğu çelişkili ve birçok yoruma açık hükümden dolayı toplumsal bütünleşmeyi sağlayamamıştır. Çalışma 2005 Anayasası’nın çıkarmış olduğuvarsayılan yönetim sorunlarından hareket etmektedir. Diğer önemli bir varsayım ise Irak seçimlerinde uygulanan seçim sisteminin siyasi istikrarsızlığa sebep olmasıdır.2003 yılından sonra tesis edilen Irak Federal Yüksek Mahkemesi (anayasa mahkemesi) aldığı kararlarla 2005 Anayasası’nda benimsenen parlamenter hükûmetsisteminin doğasını bozmuştur. Böylece hükûmet sistemi amacına uygun bir şekilde işlememektedir.
Problemas y Soluciones
Authors:   Universidad del Zulia, Venezuela, NIETO Jose H.
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de esta sección es presentar problemas matemáticos interesantes y sus soluciones. Invitamos a los lectores a proponer problemas que puedan ser abordados por estudiantes de la escuela media o de los dos primeros años de universidad sin conocimientos especializados. Se prefieren problemas originales e interesantes. Las soluciones y los problemas propuestos deben dirigirse a los editores por correo electrónico, en español, portugués o inglés. Las propuestas deben acompañarse de la solución, o al menos de información suficiente que haga razonable pensar que una solución puede ser hallada. Problemas abiertos conocidos no son aceptables.
Assessment and Methods for Solving the Problems of the Republican Mathematical Olympiad for Schoolchildren in Kyrgyzstan
Authors:   Osh Stateuniversity,Kyrgyzstan, KELDIBEKOVA Aida O. , SOPUEV Ulanbek A. ,   Osh Stateuniversity,Kyrgyzstan
Published: February 2021

The article studies methods for solving, criteria for assessment of the real issues of the 2019 Republican Mathematics Olympiad in the Kyrgyzstan using a quantitative scale with a given number of points. As a result of the Olympiad, 318 winners were determined in 10 school subjects, which makes up 15.58% of the participants in the regional stage. 73 students won the individual classification, that is 3.57% of all participants, starting from the regional stage. Seven winners were recognized in mathematics.
Funciones sobre los enteros y saltamontes
Authors:   The University of Chicago, MEDRANO Adan
Published: February 2021

En este artículo se presentan dos problemas que involucran funciones definidas sobre los enteros positivos. Cada problema puede ser interpretado como una sucesión de saltos de un saltamontes.
Retos y perspectivas de la Universidad Técnica de Machala ante la transformación curricular de la Educación Superior Ecuatoriana
Authors: Rivero Elida , Borja Amarilis , Riofrío Oscar
Published: February 2021

La tendencia actual de la Educación Superior ecuatoriana es el perfeccionamiento continuo, conducente a la preparación del hombre para la vida. En tal sentido, los modelos académicos deben considerar las tendencias epistemológicas del conocimiento a nivel latinoamericano y mundial, para hacer de las universidades instituciones pertinentes. Para ello, los cambios que deben operarse han de integrar la transición del conocimiento disciplinar, al inter y transdisciplinar; de la homogeneidad de actores y espacios de aplicación del conocimiento, a la heterogeneidad; de los circuitos de producción del conocimiento cerrados y descontextualizados, a circuitos abiertos y en contextos de aplicación. Frente a este desafío la dirección académica de la UTMach diseño un proyecto de mejoramiento académico, los resultados de su avance se presentan a partir del análisis de los retos y perspectivas que se afrontan para responder al imperativo de la Educación Superior ecuatoriana ante la transformación curricular de sus programas académicos.
Acupuntura, medicina ancestral para tratamiento de las enfermedades
Authors: Chú Ángel , Barreto Lina , Agudo Brígida , Maldonado Emerson , Chiliquinga Sixto
Published: February 2021

La civilización china con más de 5000 años de historia, nos dejó cuatro grandes inventos para la humanidad: la brújula, el papel, el ábaco y la pólvora,  pero también para  el  cuidado de la salud, un  gran  tesoro  de  la  medicina  tradicional china  como es  la acupuntura.Se lo define a la acupuntura como un arte y una ciencia que consiste en inserción de agujas finísimas (descartables) sobre puntos energéticos en la superficie del cuerpo para restituir o  equilibrar el flujo de energía en líneas invisibles del cuerpo, llamados  meridianos. En término occidental, la inserción de agujas activan pequeñas fibras mielinizadas en el músculo estriado, estos envían impulsos al Sistema Nervioso Central produciendo liberación de Neuropéptidos (Endorfinas, Encefalinas, Dinorfinas) bloqueando los mensajes dolorosos procedentes de cualquier parte del cuerpo.
Utilización del entorno de aprendizaje virtual de la universidad como soporte a los cursos masivos en línea y abiertos
Authors: Caballero Alberto , Marcillo Concepción , Soto Jesús
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo destaca los elementos más relevantes de los cursos masivos en línea y abiertos (MOOC) como recurso disponible para favorecer el desarrollo económico-social y afianzar los procesos de externalización de la Universidad en su entorno.Los cursos de este tipo ofrecen  ventajas entre las que resalta la accesibilidad al conocimiento actual generado en las Universidades. Sin embargo, la falta de contextualización de este conocimiento hace muy difícil su aplicación directa en la solución de problemas sociales y económicos de la región.Por lo tanto, se propone un marco de trabajo para la concepción, impartición, gestión y perfeccionamiento de los cursos que desde la Universidad se podrían ofrecer en su entorno económico, social, político y cultural concreto. La idea de utilizar el Entorno Virtual de Aprendizaje  de una Universidad determinada impulsa la realización de este tipo de cursos sin que ello suponga una carga adicional significativa para la Institución.
La perspectiva discursiva para la investigación en Ciencias Sociales
Authors: Díaz Fernández Mariela
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo busca, desde el análisis crítico del discurso, identificar cuáles son las valoraciones y creencias que atribuyen los docentes a los estudiantes que asisten a las escuelas comunes.  Para ello, se interpretó, en el discurso de un grupo de docentes de primaria, sus actitudes hacia los estudiantes con discapacidad, a través de los indicadores cognitivo, afectivo y conductual. Asimismo, se reveló las estrategias discursivas usadas por los docentes, que evidencian rasgos discriminatorios asociados a creencias, emociones y acciones en torno a la discapacidad. Los datos fueron recolectados a partir de conversaciones simultaneas entre el investigador y los participantes. Con el propósito de abrir el canal de interacción de manera natural, las conversaciones se iniciaron con comentarios, preguntas y reflexiones. La reflexión de los participantes hacia los tópicos abordados, primó en el transcurso de las conversaciones. Como resultado de la investigación, se evidencio, en el discurso de los docentes, diferencias significativas en las actitudes que tienen con respecto a los educandos con discapacidad y su proceso de integración escolar. Expresiones como: ¡Qué lástima!, ¡No puede aprender!, ¡Nunca atiende!, ¡No puede!, hacen notorio los rasgos discursivos asociados a un modelo de pensamiento que valida y justifica la discriminación de las personas con discapacidad. La evidencia lingüística revela también el temor de las docentes para expresar abiertamente sus creencias, emociones y formas de accionar frente al proceso de integración educativa de las personas con discapacidad.
De la hermenéutica reflexiva a la hermenéutica práctica para pensar y sentir desde mi historia en los espacios de formación docente
Authors: Cedeño de Sánchez Bianney
Published: February 2021

La naturaleza de la investigación refiere a la hermenéutica integrada al conocimiento para potenciar el componente dimensional de lo humano. Me posicioné de un horizonte hermenéutico-comprensivo para interpretar la acción del docente y los significados que da a su quehacer educativo. Además, traduje una entrevista abierta y un diario de participantes aplicados a los actores principales de la investigación. La traducción de estas fuentes, permitió su organización en una red conceptual constituida por unidades de investigación, categorías, tipologías y conceptos integradores para configurar una teoría germinada partir de la interpretación del ser y hacer docente, desde sus prácticas vividas y sentidas. Los resultados obtenidos revelan como uno de los principales hallazgos, la existencia en los docentes de un pensamiento sensible disociado de una práctica y una teoría que define epistemológicamente el saber en los procesos de formación docent.
El dispositivo en las Ciencias Sociales y en la educación: La piedra angular
Authors: Peñalver Bermúdez Luis
Published: February 2021

En este apartado se pretende realizar una aproximación crítica de las ciencias sociales y de la educación en el presente, fundamentada en una evaluación retrospectiva que se apoya en el dispositivo, “herramienta” fundamental en el pensamiento foucaultiano. A lo largo de trabajo, se promueve la reflexión teórica-metodológica sobre las formas de pensar y representar las ciencias sociales y la educación a través de la historia. Finalmente, a modo de conclusión se determina que las ciencias sociales y la educación han demostrado un avance significativo tanto en lo epistemológico como en lo teórico-metodológico. Desde hace ya varios años, la concepción, planificación y construcción del discurso ha experimentado la influenciada de nuevas corrientes metodológicas y campos investigativos propuestos por individuos que se han convertido en cómplices teórico-metodológicos de las ciencias sociales y la educación; entre ellos, Michel Foucault, quien ha contribuido a estas áreas a través de la proposición del concepto del dispositivo, como mecanismo para descubrir y exponer sistemas de ideas y pensamientos en las ciencias sociales y en la educación.
Las escalas de actitud como género discursivo en la esfera investigativa
Authors: Fontaines-Ruiz Tomás
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo de investigación nace del interés en someter a comprobación el comportamiento lingüístico de las escalas de actitud, comúnmente utilizadas con dificultad por los investigadores en ciencias sociales, para determinar su complexión como una tipología textual.  El estudio se llevó a cabo mediante un análisis contrastativo de las escalas actitudinales y categorías teóricas. Las escalas de actitud se caracterizaron y se acompañaron de un anclaje teórico para proveer una mejor comprensión del trabajo. A modo de conclusión, se determinó que las escalas de actitud pueden ser identificadas como un género discursivo que tiene como propósito principal, la valoración de la presencia de cualidades en principios humanos a través de un modo de organización discursiva descriptivo que favorece la relación entre un escritor experto y un lector semilego. De igual forma, se precisó que el contexto de circulación de las escalas de actitud es diverso y la modalidad semiótica predominante de estas es la multimodal.
Preparation for Adulthood: Shifting Responsibility for Management of Daily Tasks From Parents to Their Children
Authors: Kao Ying-Chia , Coster Wendy , Cohn Ellen S. , Orsmond Gael I.
Published: February 2021

Importance: Limited research has described the timing of acquisition of the broad range of skills required for the transition to adulthood.

Objective: To describe the timing of the shift of responsibility for daily tasks from parent to child.

Design: This study used an existing data set of parent responses to 49 items in the Responsibility domain of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Computer Adaptive Tests.

Participants: A U.S. nationally representative sample of 2,205 typically developing children and youth ages 0 to 20 yr.

Outcomes and Measures: Descriptive analyses focused on two ages: (1) starting age (when >50% of parents reported their child was taking at least some responsibility for a task) and (2) full responsibility age (when >50% of parents reported their child was taking full responsibility for the task).

Results: The process of shifting responsibility for daily life tasks from parent to child typically occurred over a long period. Many task items had an interval of 5 yr from starting age to full responsibility age; the longest interval was 15 yr. Youth began assuming responsibility for more complex tasks and tasks that involved more risk at ages 10 to 15.

Conclusions and Relevance: Results can serve as a reference for the timing of the transition to greater self-management of daily life tasks across childhood and adolescence. Timing of responsibility shifts may reflect a combination of development of underlying capacities and social transitions. Executive functioning may be especially relevant for management of the more complex tasks required in daily life in adulthood.

What This Article Adds: The transfer of responsibility for managing tasks of daily life from parents to children often extends over a period of many years. Clinicians may find the results helpful when discussing the future with parents of young people with disabilities and other chronic conditions and the tasks that their children must learn to manage for independent living as an adult.
Occupational Therapists’ Perspective on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Sets (ICF–CS) for Schizophrenia
Authors: Nuño Laura , Guilera Georgina , Bell Morris , Rojo Emilio , Gómez-Benito Juana , Calderón Caterina , Barrios Maite
Published: February 2021

Importance: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets (CSs) for schizophrenia are sets of ICF categories that are relevant specifically to the functioning and disability of people with schizophrenia.

Objective: To identify the problems occupational therapists commonly encounter when treating people with schizophrenia and to validate the ICF–CSs for schizophrenia from their perspective.

Design: Three-round Delphi study using online surveys distributed to occupational therapists worldwide. Participants were asked which problems with functioning they considered most relevant when treating people with schizophrenia.

Participants: Occupational therapists experienced in the treatment of people with schizophrenia.

Measures: Responses were linked to the ICF categories by two trained health professionals, and a statistical measure of agreement and κ coefficient were calculated.

Results: Ninety-two occupational therapists from 29 countries in all six World Health Organization regions named 2,527 meaningful concepts. After the linking process, 121 ICF categories and 31 Personal Factors were presented to the expert panel, who reached consensus (agreement of ≥75%) on 97 ICF categories and 27 Personal Factors. Consensus was reached on the 25 categories in the Brief ICF–CS for schizophrenia and 89 of the 97 categories in the Comprehensive ICF–CS for schizophrenia.

Conclusions and Relevance: The ICF Core Sets for schizophrenia were validated from the perspective of occupational therapists and are potentially useful tools for clinical practice because they cover a wide variety of problems that occupational therapists deal with in interventions with people with schizophrenia.

What This Article Adds: The ICF–CSs for schizophrenia are useful guides for describing and classifying functioning, disability, and health to aid occupational therapy intervention with people with schizophrenia. Occupational therapists are essential in the rehabilitation of this client population, and their perspective has contributed to the development and enrichment of the ICF–CSs for schizophrenia.
Feasibility of Remote Occupational Therapy Services via Telemedicine in a Breast Cancer Recovery Program
Authors: Lai Lily L. , Player Heather , Hite Sherry , Satyananda Vikas , Stacey Jennelle , Sun Virginia , Jones Veronica , Hayter Jennifer
Published: February 2021

Importance: Access to perioperative breast surgery occupational therapy services remains limited in remote areas.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and acceptance of occupational therapy services using a “hub-and-spoke” telemedicine model.

Design: Prospective study using videoconferencing to connect the occupational therapist, located at the hub site, with the patient, located at the spoke site.

Setting: National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center (hub site) and affiliated community cancer center (spoke site). The sites are 75 mi apart.

Participants: Female breast cancer patients (N = 26) scheduled for breast surgery were asked to participate in telemedicine occupation therapy sessions. Patients lived in a geographically remote region and travelled a mean of 16 miles (range = 3–85) to the hub site. The majority (56%) of the patients had public insurance.

Intervention: Perioperative occupational therapy sessions completed through videoconferencing.

Outcomes and Measures: Outcome measures were participation in and completion rate for the sessions, number of sessions required to return to baseline, and time interval from surgery to return to baseline function. Patient satisfaction was assessed with a questionnaire.

Results: Of the patients who enrolled in the study, 18 completed all postoperative sessions in which functional assessments, exercises, and education were provided. Patients regained baseline function within a mean of 42.4 days after surgery and after an average of three sessions. Patients reported high satisfaction with the sessions.

Conclusions and Relevance: Videoconference telemedicine in breast perioperative rehabilitation is feasible, effective, and acceptable to patients. This study adds to the emerging use of telemedicine for rehabilitative services.

What This Article Adds: This study, by demonstrating the acceptability, practicality, and efficacy of breast perioperative occupational therapy services offered through a videoconferencing platform, supports continued research to evaluate the value of telemedicine. Issues with access to medical care may be mitigated through creative use of technology.
An appraisal of various pathogen detection methods in eggs and poultry
Authors: Milton A. A. P. , Bhuvana Priya G. , Momin K. M. , Angappan M. , Das Samir , Ghatak S.
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
To ensure safety in egg and poultry products, timely detection of pathogenic microbes is of paramount importance. This review offers an appraisal of different routinely used and novel emerging pathogen detection methods in egg, poultry and their products. Timely detection of pathogens is decisive to curtail outbreak risks, reduce hospitalisation, and provide product assurance. It will also reduce the cost of holding food products in cold storage and reduces product recalls. Some crucial issues need to be taken care of in choosing or developing a foodborne pathogen detection method. They are requirement of costly or sophisticated equipment, portability, trained personnel, viable but non-culturable bacteria (may give false-negative results), dead microbes (may give false-positive results), stressed or sub-lethally damaged bacteria and slow-growing microbes (require enrichment). In this review, the focus has been given on culture-based methods, nucleic acid-based methods, immunological methods and biosensor based methods.

Keywords: Egg; poultry; detection methods; product assurance; safety.