bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extensive local geographic variation in locoweed toxin produced by a fungal endophyte
Authors: Davis Jeremy S , Scott Matthew , Cook Daniel , Morse Geoffrey , Grillo Michael
Published: June 2024

Legumes are notorious for coevolutionary arms races where chemical defenses are employed to ward off herbivores—particularly insect seed predators. Locoweeds are a group of plants containing the toxic alkaloid swainsonine which can poison livestock and causes millions in economic damage every year. Swainsonine is known to be produced by the fungal endophyte Alternaria section Undifilum, and the chemical composition of the toxin has been well characterized. Despite this knowledge, the ecological roles and evolutionary drivers of swainsonine toxins in locoweeds remain uncertain. Here, we quantitate swainsonine concentrations and herbivory levels in the hyper-diverse locoweed Astragalus lentiginosus to evaluate its role as an evolved chemical defense. We found that A. lentiginosus shows considerable variation in swainsonine concentrations according to variety, in particular showing presence/absence variation at both population and local geographic scales. Surprisingly, herbivory levels from presumed generalist insects emerging from fruits showed no correlation with swainsonine concentrations. Conversely, seed and fruit herbivory levels linked to specialist Acanthoscelides seed beetles actually increased with concentrations of swainsonine—suggesting a possible coevolutionary arms race. Our results highlight that variation in endophyte-produced toxin systems may not follow classical expectations for geographic variation and ecological roles of plant chemicals. We discuss the implications of these results on plant-endophytic toxin systems and coevolutionary dynamics more broadly, highlighting a considerable need for more research in these systems.
Harnessing Deep Learning for Sustainable E-Waste Management and Environmental Health Protection
Authors: Oise Godfrey Perfectson , Konyeha Susan
Published: June 2024

The AI-based e-waste management system presented in this study is a game-changing approach designed to solve the growing issues of e-waste collection, segregation, and its influence on environmental health. Rapid innovation and technological improvement have resulted in increased e-waste generation, necessitating an advanced, intelligent, and efficient strategy to e-waste segregation and disposal that takes into account environmental health. This system uses cutting-edge technology, particularly Artificial Intelligence (deep learning), to optimize e-waste sorting procedures while mitigating negative environmental health effects. The project aims to create a deep learning model (Sequential Neural Network) using TensorFlow, Keras, and Python programming tools, as well as Visual Studio Code for application development.
Assessment of Dietary Diversity and Sociodemographic Factors in Adolescent Girls and Boys in Urban Slums of Bangladesh
Authors: Mallick Trisha , Saida Umme , Hasan Md. Nazmul
Published: June 2024

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adolescents are individuals aged between 10 and 19 years. Currently, there are 1.2 billion adolescents on Earth. However, information on adolescent nutritional status and dietary diversity in the urban slums of Bangladesh is limited. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate adolescents' dietary diversity and nutritional status, as well as the factors that are associated, in the urban slums of Bangladesh.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 772 adolescent girls and boys aged 11–19 years residing in the urban slums of Bangladesh from January 2022 to March 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data about their diet, sociodemographic variables, and anthropometric characteristics. To determine the nutritional status of the study participants, BMI-for-age (z score) was measured by WHO AnthroPlus software. The individual dietary diversity score was calculated using the Food and Agricultural Organization's 2011 guidelines.
Results: The findings of the survey revealed that 11.1%, 66.2%, and 22.7% of the adolescents were thin, healthy, and overweight, respectively. The outcomes of the Individual Dietary Diversity Score indicated that 40.9% of the adolescents did not have an adequate variety of foods in their diets, while 59.1% of the adolescents did have adequate variety. At the secondary level, (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.038, 95% confidence interval CI = (1.031-2.828); education (AOR= 0.000, CI= 0.264-0.569); occupations such as day laborers, rickettsial pullers, and others; (AOR=0.000, CI=1.919-6.054); (AOR= 0.000, CI=1.584-5.070); and (AOR= 0.000, CI=1.789-5.087). Additionally, mothers' education (primary level, (AOR=0.029, CI=0.457-0.958), families' comparatively higher monthly income (AOR=0.000, CI=3.805-14.587) and nonsmoking history (AOR=0.000, CI=0.150-0.750) were significantly associated with adequate dietary diversity among study participants (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the dietary diversity of adolescent girls and boys in the urban slum region of Bangladesh was adequate, and most of them were of normal weight according to their BMI-for-age (z score). However, it is preferable to design a nutritional intervention program that promotes nutritional education to encourage adolescents to eat a wide variety of meals.
Efficiently Updating Domain Knowledge in Large Language Models: Techniques for Knowledge Injection without Comprehensive Retraining
Authors: Czekalski Emily , Watson David
Published: June 2024

Recent advancements in natural language processing have highlighted the critical importance of efficiently updating pre-trained models with domain-specific knowledge. Traditional methods requiring comprehensive retraining are resource-intensive and impractical for many applications. The proposed techniques for knowledge injection, including the integration of adapter layers, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), and knowledge distillation, offer a novel and significant solution to this challenge by enabling efficient updates without extensive retraining. Adapter layers allow for specialized fine-tuning, preserving the model's original capabilities while incorporating new information. RAG enhances the contextual relevance of generated responses by dynamically retrieving pertinent information from a domain-specific knowledge base. Knowledge distillation transfers specialized knowledge from smaller models to the larger pre-trained model, augmenting its performance in new domains. Experimental results demonstrated substantial improvements in accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, along with enhanced contextual relevance and coherence. The findings demonstrate the potential of the proposed methods to maintain the relevance and accuracy of language models in dynamic, information-rich environments, making them particularly useful in fields requiring timely and accurate information.
Validation of the FROM-16 in Family Members of Patients Receiving Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP)
Authors: Brilliant Charles , Finlay Andrew , Salek Sam , Shah Rubina , Laing Hamish , Bacon Emily
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Outcome-based pricing models which consider domains of value not previously considered in healthcare, such as societal outcomes, are of increasing interest for healthcare systems. Societal outcomes can include family-reported outcome measures (FROMs), which measure the impact of disease upon the patient’s family members. The FROM-16 is a generic and easy-to-use family quality of life tool, but it has never been used in the context of patients undergoing advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) treatment. The use of potentially curative ATMPs is limited due their high cost and the low number of eligible patients. Using the FROM-16 to collect evidence of family impact in ATMP patients may demonstrate the potential value created by an ATMP intervention.
Methods: This feasibility study aimed to test the validity of the FROM-16 in family members of ATMP patients. Patients and family members (n = 24) were recruited from ATMP treatment centres in England and Wales. Family members completed the FROM-16 and were invited to a short debriefing interview.
Results: The FROM-16 showed high validity demonstrated by strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.917) and intraclass correlation (0.803, 95%). Interviews identified that whilst the FROM-16 covered most areas of quality of life impact experienced by the participants, some explained that they also experienced other impacts upon their personal health and future outlook.
Conclusion: This feasibility study provides evidence that the FROM-16 could be used as part of a structured systematic approach to measure family quality of life impact in ATMP patients.
On $\varepsilon$-factorised bases and pure Feynman integrals
Authors: Frellesvig Hjalte , Weinzierl Stefan
Published: June 2024

We investigate \varepsilonε-factorised differential equations, uniform transcendental weight and purity for Feynman integrals. We are in particular interested in Feynman integrals beyond the ones which evaluate to multiple polylogarithms. We show that a \varepsilonε-factorised differential equation does not necessarily lead to Feynman integrals of uniform transcendental weight. We also point out that a proposed definition of purity works locally, but not globally.
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Published: June 2024

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“Un planeta con personas felices”: pistas acerca de la promoción humana en una fundación social en Bogotá D.C.
Authors: Adoryan Machado Maria Luiza
Published: June 2024

Este trabajo cualitativo es un ensayo etnográfico realizado en una institución comunitaria ubicada en una zona periférica de la capital colombiana. El objetivo general de la investigación fue describir algunos aspectos que apuntan respuestas o pistas a la siguiente pregunta "¿Qué es la promoción humana?". Se trata de una investigación etnográfica en la que utilizamos, como contribución metodológica, técnicas de observación participante, registros de diario de campo y registros fotográficos, con autorización escrita de la institución en análisis. Como resultado, presentamos narrativas del equipo de trabajo sobre lo que es la promoción humana y, sobre todo, lo que este concepto significa en la vida de la comunidad que es atendida por la institución, así como una breve descripción de las acciones desarrolladas por la institución que atiende a una comunidad marcada por el estigma, la pobreza y la discriminación.
Hace falta el olvido. Levedad mnémica y salud mental
Authors: Osorio Sánchez Yeny Leydy
Published: June 2024

En este artículo se argumenta la idea de una necesidad del olvido en la búsqueda de justicia en el marco de los procesos de verdad, justicia y reparación. Se propone el concepto de levedad mnémica y se lo desarrolla a partir de la filosofía de Paul Ricœur, la psicología cognitiva de la memoria, la Teoría General de Sistemas (TSG) y la terapia narrativa. Se concluye que la memoria leve puede constituir en sí misma a la reparación de las víctimas del conflicto.
Del amor romántico al amor libre. Configuraciones del amor en las relaciones no monógamas
Authors: Rivera Alzate Jhon Delio
Published: June 2024

El problema central de esta investigación gira en torno al interés por comprender las configuraciones o formas de amor-amar de las parejas en la sociedad actual, específicamente en las relaciones no monógamas: poliamorosas, swingers y abiertas. Se parte de una revisión documental exploratoria de 60 documentos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 50 en español, inglés y portugués; publicados entre el 2017 y 2022, en diferentes bases de datos científicas. Se encuentra que en el siglo XXI se han configurado nuevas formas de amar en las relaciones amorosas, las cuales rompen con el paradigma y los mitos del amor romántico. Se proponen nuevas formas de amor-amar inscritas en la no monogamia consensuada, que se caracteriza por la búsqueda de la libertad, la lealtad y la simetría de las relaciones. Se encuentran convergencias y divergencias entre los autores revisados, permitiendo complementar conceptualmente sus hallazgos.
El reconocimiento de las víctimas en el conflicto armado Colombiano
Authors: Orozco Osorio Maria Camila
Published: June 2024

La población colombiana ha estado expuesta durante décadas al conflicto armado que ha implicado diferentes actores y formas de violencia. En este contexto, la presente investigación, de tipo cualitativa pretende identificar y comprender los procesos de reconocimiento experimentados por las victimas en los territorios de Caldas y Sucre. Esto se logra mediante el acceso a las narrativas de actores sociales sobrevivientes, recopiladas en el proyecto “Formulación de un modelo de acción psicosocial comunitaria desde la perspectiva de las memorias de las víctimas en Colombia”. La conclusión más importante es que los procesos de reconocimiento social se gestan de forma positiva dentro de las comunidades gracias a la interiorización de procesos como la alteridad y la heteronomía, a diferencia de lo que sucede con las instituciones externas, que no logran desplegar la valoración social que se requiere para avanzar en los procesos de reconstrucción de tejido y reconciliación social.
Esperanza como factor predictor de crecimiento postraumático en sobrevivientes al COVID-19
Authors: Ponce Valdivia Freddy Andres , Perez Lamadrid Marcos
Published: June 2024

La esperanza es el estado de disposición, fe y pensamiento de que una situación mejorara, pero no se conoce si favorece al crecimiento post traumático (CPT). Por eso se tiene como objetivo determinar si la esperanza contribuye al crecimiento post traumático, tomando en cuenta a una población que sufre los efectos de la pandemia por el Covid19. Esta investigación entonces con un enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño transversal y de carácter exploratorio, descriptivo y explicativo enmarcado en un método hipotético-deductivo y estadístico. La muestra fue no probabilística, dirigida y por conveniencia, porque la participación fue voluntaria y abierta. Los participantes fueron 186 adultos de La Paz, Bolivia entre los 18 a 60 años. Los resultados señalan que la esperanza y el CPT tienen una correlación positiva. Además, la agencia demuestra ser favorable para el desarrollo del CPT y sus factores Relación con Otros, Nuevas Posibilidades, Cambio Espiritual y la Apreciación por la Vida. En cambio, la Fortaleza Personal se beneficia del Estado Disposicional de la Esperanza. Mientras el factor Caminos no resulta ser significativo para predecir el CPT.
La dependencia cognitiva
Authors: Correa Álvarez Yojan Adrián
Published: June 2024

El presente artículo de reflexión no derivado de investigación es una opinión del autor, a partir de la cual define el concepto de dependencia cognitiva con la intención de ayudar a visibilizar un fenómeno contemporáneo, limitante de las capacidades espirituales humanas, posibilitado a través del acto de delegar, y sobre el cual se sostiene el facilismo contemporáneo que amenaza con disminuir las mencionadas capacidades. Durante el desarrollo del presente texto, se enuncian las posibles consecuencias que puede traer para la persona individual y para la humanidad la reducción de estas capacidades y sugiere un método sencillo y evidente como estrategia que ayude a prevenir estas consecuencias.
Cuestionamientos a las relaciones en el metaverso. El “entre” como espacio de encuentro y significación
Authors: Montoya Ana Cristina , Cifuentes Jesús David
Published: June 2024

El metaverso, como nuevo espacio prometido de interacción social, no configura en sí mismo la posibilidad del encuentro, porque no es el espacio lo que propicia el “entre” sino la disposición de las personas. Por ello en este artículo se dirige la mirada al interior del ser humano y se centra en la reflexión ética del ser en el estar; precisamente, porque toda herramienta configura un nuevo ethos con el sujeto. En primer lugar, tras problematizar la pregunta por el metaverso, se desarrolla el concepto de relación social, para pasar, en segundo lugar, al espacio como configurador de la utopía y a la pregunta de cómo el ser humano se construye en lo que él mismo crea. De esta manera, se llega al último punto, en el que se plantea que la promesa del metaverso no guarda en sí misma la posibilidad de ser mejores personas, sino que, en cuanto herramienta, depende exclusivamente del uso que se le dé.
O anseio por Deus e a confiança em seu auxílio: Sl 63(62) à luz da análise Retórica Bíblica Semítica
Authors: Gonzaga Waldecir , Da Silveira Siqueira Fabio
Published: June 2024

O Sl 63(62) é de singular importância para a liturgia cristã. Evocando o desejo de Deus que faz com que o ser humano se levante antes da aurora para buscá-lo (v.2), este Salmo tornou-se a oração matutina por excelência, tanto para a liturgia bizantina, que o recita no órthros, quanto para a liturgia romana que, depois da reforma litúrgica do Vaticano II, o reservou para as Laudes do Domingo da I Semana do Saltério. O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar o Sl 63 pelo método da Análise Retórica Bíblica Semítica, com o intuito de estabelecer sua estrutura e de se perceber, assim, seus elementos teológicos mais relevantes. Para cumprir tal finalidade, o artigo divide-se em três partes: tradução do texto; crítica da forma e estabelecimento da estrutura segundo o método da Análise Retórica Bíblica Semítica e, por último, o comentário teológico. O artigo leva conduz o leitor à percepção de que o Salmo possui uma estrutura tripartida. As duas primeiras partes se articulam no âmbito diurno (vv.2-6) e noturno (vv.7-9), onde o salmista manifesta seu desejo por Deus, recorda sua experiência passada e manifesta sua confiança no Senhor. A última parte do Salmo é a imprecação, que evoca um misterioso “eles” (v.10a), conectando-se, assim, com o “tu” evocando no início da oração (v.2a). Ao “eles” amorfo do inimigo, corresponde o manifesto “tu” divino, em quem o salmista confia e cujo “amor” reconhece como sendo melhor que a própria existência (4a).
Escenarios contrafácticos. Una reflexión sobre la Teoría institucional del arte
Authors: Harillo Pla Adrià
Published: June 2024

Siguiendo la definición de Osvaldo Pessoa Jr., un “escenario contrafáctico” sería “una situación posible que no se realizó, como una posibilidad futura en algún instante del pasado”. Este concepto no es nuevo. De hecho, tiene una presencia significativa en campos como la filosofía analítica, la economía, las ciencias experimentales o la psicología. La pretensión de este texto es presentar, mediante el rigor teórico, conceptual, y el método inductivo, una reflexión no derivada de investigación. Esta reflexión es la importancia de la relación entre los escenarios contrafácticos y el mundo del arte desde una perspectiva institucional. La observación inicial en la que se sustenta este texto es que, en una época en la que cualquier cosa puede ser arte y, sin embargo, no todo lo es, las razones por las que algo pudo ser arte, pero no lo fue, cobran una gran importancia para comprender la base de su valor económico y cultural y ahondar en nuestras categorías lingüísticas del presente; en este caso, la de arte.
Examining the relationship between environmental management accounting practices and return on equity in the South African chemical industry
Authors: Cornellissen Tracy , Mukwarami Silas
Published: June 2024

Environmental management accounting practices (EMAPs) have become pervasive, and continued efforts to ensure universal implementation across various sectors often represent financial implications for organizations. Despite many studies that examined the relationship between EMAPs and financial performance, the debate is still inconclusive. Therefore, the study paves the way for chemical firms to explore the effectiveness of EMAPs’ implementation for both financial and environmental gain. The study used purposive sampling to gather quantitative secondary data from annual integrated reports of chemical firms to examine the relationship between EMAPs and financial performance in the South African chemical industries during 2016–2022. Following the results from the regression estimations, two of the EMAPs – water and energy usage – have had a positive relationship with financial performance, with the latter being highly significant. Contradictorily, carbon emissions and environmental expenditure adversely and insignificantly influenced financial performance. The results suggest that chemical firms have in place ineffective carbon management strategies that fail to generate sustainable returns. Overall, the results acknowledge the efforts of chemical industries in making substantial contributions to enhance environmental performance and encourage environmentalists and policymakers to reconfigure environmental policies for improved environmental and financial performance. Further research on environmental management accounting (EMA) barriers in chemical industries is imperative to achieving environmental sustainability.
An Innovative Green Eco-Friendly Method for the Synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles Using Plinia cauliflora Extract
Authors: Serejo Raissa , Macedo Heloísa , Medeiros Rodolfo , Melo Dulce , Figueredo Gilvan , Oliveira Marcelo , Rangel José
Published: June 2024

ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized for the first time, using extracts from the leaf and peel of Plinia cauliflora (jabuticaba) fruit by varying the pH level of the reaction medium. The powders were obtained after calcination at 400 ºC and characterized by thermogravimetry (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the use of jabuticaba leaf extract favored the stabilization of nanoparticles, providing smaller crystallite sizes and lower crystallinity. Crystallite sizes smaller than 50 nm were obtained using the leaf extract with pH level adjusted to 7 and 10. The morphology was strongly affected by both the extracts and the pH levels of the medium, and showed a flower-like shape when using jabuticaba peel extract at pH 7. Thus, the use of Plinia cauliflora extract showed a promising potential for the production of ZnO nanoparticles with different morphologies.
The system for adaptive control of axial tool oscillations in vibratory drilling: description and experimental study
Authors: Ivanov Ilya , Voronov Sergey , Kiselev Igor
Published: June 2024

Chips must be reliably segmented and evacuated from the cutting zone for effective deep hole drilling. Drilling with low-frequency axial vibrations ensures these useful effects because cutting edges periodically leave the cutting zone. Useful tool vibrations can be maintained using a special self-vibratory drilling head. The drilling head has an elastic element and ensures the self-excitation of vibrations due to the regenerative effect. However, high damping in the cutting zone suppresses axial self-vibrations and renders such a drilling head inexpedient for industry. This study develops a novel system of adaptive control for the vibration drilling process. The control objective is to maintain a specified peak-to-peak (PTP) value of vibration displacements. Due to the in-process adaptation of the feedback gain, the control system supplies additional energy if vibrations are not self-excited and removes energy if the PTP vibration displacements are greater than the specified value. To test the workability of the system, an experimental setup was made. In the setup, the actuator force acts on an elastically fixed workpiece. The dynamic properties of the setup are equivalent to those of the vibration drilling head. The algorithm of feedback gain adaptation was implemented with a microcontroller. A number of experiments for different drilling regimes revealed that the control system successfully maintains the specified PTP value of displacements. The developed control system can be implemented on a vibration drilling head because only an accelerometer is required for control and the required actuator force is under 100 N.
Researching low frequency vibration of automobile-robot
Authors: Jia Yujie , Nguyen Vanliem
Published: June 2024

Automobile-robot (self-driving automobile) is being researched and developed vigorously. When the automobile-robot is moving on the road surface, the low frequency vibration excitation not only influences the ride comfort of the automobile-robot but also strongly affects the durability of the vehicle’s structures. To research the automobile-robot’s vibration in the low frequency region, a dynamic model of the vehicle is established to calculate the vibration equations in the time region. Based on the theory of the Laplace transfer function, the automobile-robot’s vibration equations in the time region are transformed and converted to the vibration equations in the frequency region. Then, the effect of the design parameters and operation parameters on the characteristic of the automobile-robot’s acceleration-frequency is simulated and analyzed to evaluate the ride comfort as well as the durability of the automobile-robot’s structures in the frequency region. The research results show that the design parameters of the stiffness, mass, and road wavelength remarkably affect the characteristic of the automobile-robot’s acceleration-frequency. To reduce the resonant amplitude of the acceleration-frequency in the vertical and pitching direction of the automobile-robot, the stiffness parameters of the automobile-robot's and tires should be reduced while the mass of the automobile-robot’s body should be increased. Additionally, the road’s roughness also needs to be decreased or the road’s quality needs to be enhanced to reduce the resonant amplitude of the automobile-robot’s acceleration-frequency.
"Competência cultural": revisão de literatura sobre atendimento oferecido a imigrantes
Authors: De Souza-Lopes Júlia , Da Silva Machado Gustavo , Martins-Borges Lucienne
Published: June 2024

A cultura constitui o meio no qual um sujeito se desenvolve e estabelece relação com outros e o mundo. É por meio de aspectos culturais específicos que o sofrimento e a dor são manifestados e comunicados, portanto, é imprescindível considerar a cultura no âmbito da atenção à saúde. O presente estudo teve por objetivo apresentar uma revisão integrativa realizada na literatura científica publicada entre 2009 e 2019 sobre a perspectiva de profissionais de saúde e/ou da assistência social a respeito do atendimento realizado a imigrantes. Foram selecionados 73 artigos como resultado de pesquisas realizadas em português, espanhol e inglês em cinco bases de dados eletrônicas (Scielo, PsycINFO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde [BVS], Web of Science e Scopus). Os principais resultados dos artigos foram organizados em quatro categorias para análise: 1) barreiras e facilitadores no atendimento a imigrantes e refugiados, 2) estratégias adotadas por profissionais no atendimento a imigrantes, 3) organização do sistema de saúde e incentivos de governo e 4) questões sociopolíticas que interferem no atendimento. Ficou evidente que a qualidade dos atendimentos não depende apenas do contato profissional-imigrante, uma vez que fatores organizacionais e macropolíticos influenciam nas possibilidades do processo de cuidado. Diante das barreiras encontradas, os profissionais criaram estratégias individuais e/ou com suas equipes para qualificar os atendimentos. A necessidade de implementar práticas de descentramento cultural nas formações profissionais de diferentes áreas e desenvolver a competência cultural tanto dos profissionais quanto dos serviços de saúde destacou-se como a principal recomendação dos estudos analisados.
Surveys of intergenerational values transmission measurement: Review of outboard literature
Authors:   HSE University, Mikhaylova Oxana R.
Published: June 2024

The goal of this article was to reveal the perspectives of the intergenerational transmission measurement for Russian survey research based on the analysis of the English-language scientific publications. Intergenerational values transmission measurement is a crucial tool for the investigation of social dynamics. In addition to this, it could be applied for anti-stigmatization of the people, who belong to different generations and affect agist public prejudices. However, this tool is not yet widely used in Russian social research practice. In this article to shed the light on intergenerational transmission of values promise for the Russian quantitative research on families, I analyze the validity and reliability issues that typically emerge in foreign studies. The analysis is based on criteria of research quality suggested by E.Drost. As a literature review methodology is used narrative literature review approach. My analysis demonstrates that the pivotal threats for the intergenerational transmission of values research lie in the survey setting; the choice of the scales for values measurement; the size, and composition of the sample; the number of times, and periodicity the values measurement. The construct validity and reliability issues seem to be the most manageable and treatable. At the same time, the serious threat come from the validity of statistical conclusions and external, internal validity. These problems reduction is an acute methodological challenge that could hinder the methodology wide application on Russian-speaking samples. The paper could be of interest to family, childhood, and aging students.
Socio-cultural identity of students in the conditions of uncertainty of Russian society
Authors:   Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Velikaya Natalia M. , Lisenkova Anastasia A. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: June 2024

The article examines the socio-cultural basics of the identity of Russian students, due to the high degree of turbulence and uncertainty of public life, the introduction of digital technologies and the formation of hybrid reality. Understanding the socio-cultural identity as a “coordinate system” of identification, including a set of values, norms and patterns of behavior, beliefs and systems of representations, symbols and images of culture, authors draw attention to its multiple and hybrid character. Based on the data of the study “Students of Russia: Civic Culture and Life Strategies” conducted by the Center for Political Science of the ISPR FCTAS RAS in April — May 2023, conclusions were drawn about the growth of anxiety and unrealized expectations of modern youth that influenced the value spectrum of youth culture; about the aggravation of the ideological crisis; about a shift of support from the globalist vision to the “local” component in the value-semantic model of Russian socio-cultural identity. At the same time, Russian youths demonstrate their commitment to the democratic values of individualism, independence and freedom, which are reflected in building their professional careers with a high degree of precarization. Rapidly developing digital technologies have a significant impact on the self-identification of young people, creating multiple information flows, aggravating and distorting the already uncertain image of the future. As a result, adapting to this complex reality, young people form new hybrid forms of digital identity looking for support in the imaginary world of global virtual space, combining disparate multiple identities into a single profile. The analysis of empirical data included, inter alia, factor analysis by the principal component method and rotation by the Varimax method, which allowed us to construct identity indices and identify three groups of students with a predominance of Russian, Eurasian and global identity.
The link between subjective well-being and electoral participation: Cross-national perspective
Authors:   HSE University, Moreva Iuliia E. ,   European University at St. Petersburg
Published: June 2024

The article examines the relationship between subjective well-being and elections turnout. The purpose of the article is to determine how subjective well-being affects turnout. To achieve the purpose, the link between subjective well-being and electoral participation should be studied along with the influence that political regime has on this link. The majority of previous research papers indicate that there is a positive relationship between the studied variables. Most of these studies were based on data from specific democratic countries. Little attention has been paid to cross-national comparison and to countries with less developed democratic institutions. According to the theory of retrospective voting, voters tend to use elections to reward or punish the incumbent. Thus, it can be hypothesized that subjective well-being increases the likelihood to participate in elections, and that the democratic context strengthens the link between subjective well-being and voters turnout. The joined dataset of the European Social Survey and World Values Survey is used for the empirical analysis. Multilevel binary logistic regression is used as the main method of analysis. The results of the study show a statistically significant relationship between the high level of subjective well-being and voter turnout. People with higher levels of subjective well-being are more likely to vote in elections. In democratic countries, this relationship is stronger. These findings support the conclusions of previous research and confirm a modified version of the retrospective voting theory, which uses subjective well-being as a predictor of electoral behavior.
Traditional and new forms of patient expertise: Together with doctors or versus them?
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ivanova Anastasia A.
Published: June 2024

The article outlines and discusses two opposite perspectives of medical practitioners in relation to patients’ attempts to form lay medical expertise. The author conceptualizes these two approaches as thought styles and the corresponding communities of doctors as “thought collectives” (L.Fleck). The two thought styles are distinguished based on four characteristics: attitudes towards interaction with patients, particular ways of making sense of alternative forms of expertise, strategies for resolving conflicts with patients, and outlooks on professional knowledge and its place outside the medical community. One of the thought collectives — monopolization collective — is committed to a paternalistic model of medical care, and the corresponding style of thought does not allow noticing and acknowledging patient expertise. Patients’ attempts at joining the professional medical rationale are resisted by these medical professionals, and in situations of disagreement or conflicts doctors use a closed strategy for their resolution. Physicians from monopolization collective are skeptical about translating medical knowledge outside of practitioners. In contrast, doctors who adopt a co-construction thought style follow the logic of partnership when interacting with patients. Such a style allows medical practitioners to recognize the value in patient expertise and include it in a dialogue and disease management. When conflicts and differences of opinions arise, doctors follow open and intermediate strategies for their resolution, which implies additional efforts to build communication with patients. At the same time, there is a clear demand from this collective for the creation of high-quality popular science and educational materials for patients. High quality translation of medical knowledge is seen as a necessary means of including patients in productive co-production of expertise.
Alexander the Great and Solomon the Wise: Who was Ivan the Terrible quoting?
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Veselov Fedor Nikitovich
Published: June 2024

Numerous legends and apocrypha, circulating in the non-literary scene of Slavia Orthodoxa, in which both Alexander the Great and Solomon the Wise were gradually endowed with parallel features, should have become the basis for the functional similarity of these images in Slavic literature. An important role in the literature of the southern and eastern Slavs in this process was played by the Serbian recension of the Alexander Romance, the second Slavonic translation of the pseudo-Callisthenes work. In the Romance Alexander the Great not only inherits the relics of King Solomon, but the Old Testament king becomes a favorite source for the author’s quotations; Alexander himself acquires a «all-wise heart», and perishes from the «women malice», like Solomon, who «heirs hell because of woman». The wisdom of Alexander in the South Slavic Romance allows one to explain one of Ivan the Terrible’s confusing apothegms in the First Epistle to Andrei Kurbsky: referring to an unnamed prophet, the tsar compares «the madness of women» with «the power of many». It seems that both parts of the apothegm are based on Serbian Alexander Romance, while the one that is dedicated to «women malice» is taken from the «proverbs of Alexander», which in their structure copy the apocryphal Judgments of Solomon. Apparently, thanks to Serbian Alexandria, the images of the kings of antiquity merged even in the mind of the Russian sovereign, who impressed his contemporaries with his education. It is possible that one of the consequences of this was the inclusion of Ivan the Terrible in the alternation of already three figures of legendary rulers who had similar functions in the later folklore narrations.
The theory of Moscow as the Third Rome: Texts and contexts
Authors:   Moscow State University, Dmitriev Mikhail Vladimirovich , Bulanin Dmitriy Mikhailovich ,   Institute of Russian Literature, Russian Academy of Sciences (Pushkin House), Gurianova Natalia Sergeevna ,   Institute of History, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sirenov Aleksey Vladimirovich ,   St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Korenevskiy Andrey Vitalievich ,   Southern Federal University
Published: June 2024

The theory of Moscow as the Third Rome, defined five centuries ago by the monk of the Pskov Eleazar Monastery Filofei, is considered as one of the most identifiable literary images of Russian history. At the same time, there is an incredible dispersion of appraisals and opinions in its perception and comprehension — both among professional historians, philologists and philosophers, and in public discourse. This concept has been seen and continues to be seen at various epochs and up to the present day as the key to guess a riddle of the Russian national character and the embodiment of Russia’s age-old hostility towards the West, a mystical epiphany about its soteriological mission and the doctrine of the world domination of the emerging empire. Some scholars consider the theory of Moscow as the Third Rome to be a kind of quintessence of «Russianness», others — a reflection of common Christian and pan-European ideological trends; some investigators look at Filofei as a brilliant thinker-innovator, others completely deny him any creative singularity. On this basis, we have invited experts in the history of Russian political thought to answer the following questions: how unique is the theory of Moscow as the Third Rome, and is it exclusively a fruit of the Russian medieval intellectual environment, to what extent can monk Filofei be considered the author of the theory of Moscow as the Third Rome, what is the fundamental novelty of his concept does it mean that Filofei’s theory did not receive a response among his contemporaries, and if so, why, what are the similarities and differences in its understanding by Filofei himself and people of those epochs when receptions of this idea were undertaken — in at the end of the 16th and 17th centuries, in the 19th century, in contemporary times, and etc.
The morphology of the material world and the «plan of chamber propaganda» in the products of theLeningrad art industry factory of the 1940s–1960s
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Sapanzha Olga Sergeevna
Published: June 2024

The morphology of the space of the material world of Soviet culture of the 1950s and 1960s and the products of the Leningrad art industry enterprises is presented in this paper. The material world is a collection of everyday objects of utilitarian purpose with symbolic content. They are perceived as cultural signs. The three factors influencing the structure of the material world are ideological, technological and stylistic. The first one is connected with the system of ideological coordinates. The second one is related to the general trends in the development of industrial society. The third factor is related to the development of visual dominants of the living environment. At the internal level, three components (content, technology and aesthetics) form the components of the morphology of the new materiality. The literal purpose of a particular object of the material world determines the external structure. This is a set of artistic, artistic-utilitarian and utilitarian objects. Each level is considered on the example of works of art industry enterprises. These are the following enterprises: the Leningrad Lomonosov Porcelain Factory and the Leningrad Porcelain Factory (artistic things), the Leningrad Enamel Factory (artistic and utilitarian things), the Komsomolskaya Pravda Factory and the First Tableware Factory (utilitarian things). The space of presentation of the concept of chamber propaganda is the translation of significant ideas, images, plots in mass–produced works of mass demand, which are based on an element of art. The maximum inclusion of objects in the space of the ordinary was ensured by the production scale of the enterprises of the art industry. A high level of presentation of significant ideas and plots was guaranteed by the professional development of technical aesthetics of objects.
The myth of space: Interpretation in the Ural stone-cutting art of the 1950s –1980s
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Vinokurov Sergey Yevgenievich , Budrina Ludmila Alexeevna ,   Ural Federal University
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the study of one of the key topics of the Soviet art industry — the space program of the USSR. This topic is considered on the example of the activities of the Sverdlovsk factory «Russkiye Samotsvety». In the 1950s – 1980s, the factory was the leading stone-cutting enterprise of the state, which allows us to consider the formation and development of the space theme in the stone-cutting art and, more broadly, the art industry of the Soviet Union using its example. For the study, archival data published for the first time, graphic materials previously unknown to researchers from the collection of the Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, as well as works from the collection of Russian museums were involved. The material of the article is divided into two parts, revealing the areas of activity of the stone-cutters of the factory «Russkiye Samotsvety». The first part deals with models of souvenirs and functional items approved for production from the late 1950s to the 1970s. The main constructive motives of these works are noted, as well as materials (stone raw materials) and techniques chosen by the masters for the implementation of projects. Stable motives and techniques are singled out, which remained relevant in the framework of the embodiment of space themes in products of the circulation circle. The second part is devoted to the consideration of the so-called author’s works of the plant’s stone-cutting masters. On the basis of recently discovered sheets of design graphics, as well as rare objects presented in museum collections, the main types of works are distinguished, as well as the characteristic techniques used by masters in creating objects. Great detail is noted, the use of materials uncharacteristic for the space theme in the 1970s, as well as attempts by craftsmen to use their specific properties within the framework of a given topic (transparency-translucency, color, texture, stone pattern, etc.). Consideration of two areas of creativity of stone-cutting masters makes it possible to single out the topic of space exploration as one of the most important in line with the selfpresentation of the successes and capabilities of the USSR.
Towards «new light» or «canceling» medieval Slavs? Notes to Eduard Mühle’ book
Authors:   Ivanovo State University, Polyvyanyy Dmitriy Igorevich
Published: June 2024

The review of the monograph by renowned German scholar Professor Eduard Mühle, currently — President of Viadrina University at Frankfurt (Oder), published in 2020-2023 in German, Polish, English and Czech, is based upon its edition as No 89 of Brill’s collection «Central-Eastern and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages». As the author states, «The books is aimed, to show, on the one hand, how the "Slavs" — ever since they first appeared in 6th-century Byzantine sources — were treated as a cultural construct and as such politically instrumentalized in various contexts». Up to Prof. Mühle, the book «describes the real historical structures hidden behind the phenomenon of the "Slavs" in the Middle Ages». Beginning with a sketch of modern and contemporary ideological practices, where the concept of Slavdom was widely used for political ends, he follows with mentions of the «Slavs» in medieval Byzantine, Latin and Oriental texts against the background of the medieval Slavic «realities», challenging the relevancy of the very term «Slavs» and naming them «Slav-speaking» through the whole book. The reviewer critically analyzes the author’s approach and his monograph’s structure, which from his viewpoint in fact are turning «the new light» in which the medieval Slav history is represented, into «canceling» the Slavs as part of the European history.
Semantic Model for Fragment of Hindi (Part 2)
Authors:   Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Tripathi Vivek , Rathod Dinesh
Published: June 2024

This paper proposes a formal model for semantic analysis of a fragment of the Hindi language. This paper uses referential noun phrases, transitive and intransitive verb phrases and logical constants to compute the meaning of its sentences generated from the Hindi part-of-speech-tagged corpus features. The paper presents cases of conjunction and negation enriched with idempotent laws that provide semantic computation of simple and complex well-formed formulas. Our system works for any model, with one such model described in our glossary. It deals with the set-theoretic study of essential syntactic categories of Hindi, suggesting the suitability of our rule-based syntactic arrangement and model-based semantic computation by implementing them through an in-house software tool.
Bridging Tradition and Technology: QR Code Integration in Lontara Script Learning Book to Improve Writing and Language Skills
Authors:   Department of Regional Languages and Literatures, Hasanuddin University, Yusuf Yusuf , Gusnawaty Gusnawaty , Risdamayanti Risdamayanti , Affandy Fathria Azzahra , Alya Nur
Published: June 2024

This study examines the creation and assessment of a Lontara Script Learning Book augmented with QR Code technology to boost students’ Lontara script writing abilities and their proficiency in the Makassar language. Nineteen first-grade students from SD Inpres Kera-Kera in Makassar city participated in the study. The research unfolds into three stages: 1) Preparation, which includes initial observations and interviews, literature review, discussions, and research tool preparation; 2) Implementation, involving the introduction of the learning media, pretest, implementation of Lontara Script Learning Book based on QR Code, summarizing and posttest; 3) Evaluation based on observation, pretest and posttest results serves as the data source. The findings revealed a notable average enhancement of 50.37 in the students’ Lontara script writing skills. Moreover, there was an average increase of 44.21 in Makassar language proficiency through picture guessing exercises and a 37.90 improvement via folklore comprehension. These results signify a substantial advancement in both script learning and language abilities. This innovative educational medium has proven to be effective in enriching the writing and language skills of elementary school students.