bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing management of urban forested natural areas: toward an urban silviculture?
Authors: Piana Max R , Pregitzer Clara C , Hallett Richard A
Published: August 2021

Cities worldwide are engaging in large‐scale greening projects motivated by the wide range of documented ecological, economic, and social benefits of urban forests. Urban forested natural areas are a critical component of the total urban forest but are often overlooked and typically lack formal management frameworks. One approach to addressing this deficiency may be to borrow from traditional ecological management frameworks and practices (that is, silviculture). Although urban forested natural areas share similarities with rural forests, the impacts of urbanization on forest stand dynamics may require modification of these methods and in some cases development of novel silvicultural guidelines. We present an urban silviculture framework through which we synthesize emerging research and identify challenges and opportunities for advancing goal setting, assessments, and on‐the‐ground management strategies. Adapting silvicultural practices to cities can improve the long‐term sustainability of urban forests and establish management approaches that address future conditions in forests across the urban–rural continuum.
Fatty acid profile and safety aspects of the edible oil prepared by artisans' at small‐scale agricultural companies
Authors: Bartkiene Elena , Bartkevics Vadims , Berzina Zane , Klementaviciute Jolita , Sidlauskiene Sonata , Isariene Ausra , Zeimiene Vaida , Lele Vita , Mozuriene Erika
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze the fatty acid (FA) profiles and mycotoxin and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in sea buckthorn (SB1, SB2), flaxseed (FL3, FL4, FL5), hempseed (HE6, HE7, HE8), camelina (CA9, CA10), and mustard (MU11) edible oils, prepared by artisans’ by artisanal at small‐scale agricultural companies in Lithuania. The dominant FAs were palmitic and oleic acids in SB; palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and α‐linolenic acids in FL; palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and α‐linolenic acids in HE; palmitic, oleic, linoleic, α‐linolenic, eicosenoic, and erucic acids in CA; and oleic, linoleic, α‐linolenic, eicosenoic, and erucic acids in MU. In SB2 oil samples, T‐2 toxin and zearalenone concentrations higher than 1.0 µg/kg were found (1.7 and 3.0 µg/kg, respectively). In sample FL4, an ochratoxin A concentration higher than 1.0 µg/kg was established (1.2 µg/kg); also, in HE8 samples, 2.0 µg/kg of zearalenone was found. None of the tested edible oils exceeded the limits for PAH concentration. Finally, because of the special place of edible oils in the human diet, not only should their contamination with mycotoxins and PAHs be controlled but also their FA profile, as an important safety characteristic, must be taken into consideration to ensure higher safety standards.
Blacklight‐Induced Hydroxylation of Arylboronic Acids Leading to Hydroxyarenes Using Molecular Oxygen and Tetrabutylammonium Borohydride
Authors: Kawamoto Takuji , Ryu Ilhyong
Published: August 2021

A new simple protocol for the conversion of arylboronic acids to hydroxyarenes was achieved using molecular oxygen in the presence of tetrabutylammonium borohydride under blacklight irradiation (360 nm). A radical chain mechanism in which a superoxide ion (O2−.) plays a key role is proposed.
Cortical thickness in clinical moyamoya disease: A magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Tompkins Grace , Levman Jacob , Ijner Prahar , Shiohama Tadashi , Takahashi Emi
Published: August 2021

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a progressive cerebrovascular disorder, with an unknown pathogenesis and aetiology. MMD is characterized by steno‐occlusive changes at the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA), which is accompanied by variable development of the basal collaterals, also known as moyamoya vessels. Patients with MMD show variable patterns of brain damage and may experience recurrent multiple transient ischaemic attacks, intracranial bleeding and cerebral infarction. In this study, we investigate the potential for structural T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to help characterize abnormal cortical development in MMD clinically, with an analysis of both average and variability of regional cortical thicknesses. This study also included a machine learning analysis to assess the predictive capacity of the cortical thickness abnormalities observed in this research. This study included 993 MRI examinations from neurotypical controls and 269 MRI examinations from MMD patients. Results demonstrate abnormal cortical presentation of the insula, caudate, postcentral, precuneus and cingulate regions, in agreement with previous literature cortical thickness findings as well as alternative methods such as functional MRI (fMRI) and digital angiography. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first manuscript to report cortical thickness abnormalities in the middle temporal visual area in MMD and the first study to report on cortical thickness variability abnormalities in MMD.
Severe cytomegalovirus disease with encephalitis after CAR‐T cell therapy: A rare but potentially fatal complication
Authors: Cousin Elie , Belicard Félicie , Michel Laure , Pronier Charlotte , Lassalle Nicolas , Lamy Thierry , Houot Roch , Lhomme Faustine
Published: August 2021

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous herpes virus that develops lifelong latency following primary infection and can be reactivated following immune suppression. CMV encephalopathy has been described in few reports after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, CMV encephalopathy following CAR‐T cells infusion had not been previously reported. Initial CMV viral load and monitoring are crucial in patients with CAR‐T cells to allow early intervention with aggressive antiviral treatment without delay if needed.
Novel multinutrient human milk‐based human milk fortifier promotes growth and tolerance in premature infants
Authors: Gates Amy , Thompson Amy B. , Marin Terri , Waller Jennifer L. , Patel Jenny , Stansfield Brian K.
Published: August 2021

Background

The objective of this study was to determine whether human milk supplemented with a novel human milk–based human milk fortifier (Novel HMF), compared with a bovine milk–based HMF (Bovine HMF), supports preterm infant growth through 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA).

Methods

This single‐center, prospective trial compared growth and nutrition outcomes of preterm infants provided a human milk–based diet (mother's own milk or donor milk) supplemented with a Novel HMF with historic controls provided Bovine HMF. Preterm infants with an estimated gestational age (EGA) between 23 and 33 weeks’ PMA and birth weight between 750 and 1800 g were eligible for study inclusion. Weight, length, and head circumference (HC) were monitored weekly. The occurrence of late‐onset sepsis, nil per os (NPO) days, necrotizing enterocolitis, metabolic acidosis, and serious adverse events were monitored.

Results

Birth weight, length, HC, and EGA were similar between the Novel HMF (n = 37) and Bovine HMF (n = 49) groups. The days to regain birth weight was shorter in the Novel HMF group (9.4 ± 4.0 vs 11.4 ± 4.8, P = .0343), with similar weight gain (g/day) from birth to 36 weeks’ PMA. Adjusted weight growth velocity (g/kg/day) was significantly higher in the Novel HMF group at 14 and 21 days but similar at 36 weeks’ PMA. The Novel HMF group experienced fewer NPO days with a similar total number of feeding days.

Conclusions

A novel, multinutrient, human milk–based HMF is well tolerated and meets the nutrition needs of preterm infants.
Climate, fire and vegetation history from subtropical North Stradbroke Island (Minjerribah), eastern Australia, during the last three interglacials
Authors: Kemp Christopher , Tibby John , Barr Cameron , Arnold Lee
Published: August 2021

Records of Australian palaeoclimate beyond the last glacial cycle are rare, limiting detailed analysis of long‐term climate trends and associated ecosystem responses. This study analyses a discontinuous pollen and charcoal record from Fern Gully Lagoon, North Stradbroke Island (Minjerribah), subtropical Queensland, Australia, which covers much of the last ~210 ,000 years. Climate variation is inferred from changes in vegetation, while analysis of micro‐ and macrocharcoal is used to infer fire activity. Pollen assemblages consist of ~40% rainforest taxa during marine isotope stage (MIS) 7a–c and early MIS 5. These are inferred to result from high rainfall in the Australian subtropics, which was also evident in north‐east and central Australia. Human impact from 21 ,000 years ago likely supressed post‐MIS 2 rainforest expansion to some extent. However, the increased Holocene abundance of herbs and grasses and reduced representation of aquatic taxa suggest that the Holocene was relatively dry when compared with early MIS 5 and MIS 7a–c. Similar MIS 5 and early MIS 7a–c climates, in contrast to a notably drier Holocene, suggest that the progressive interglacial drying trend most strongly recorded in central Australia was not a major feature of subtropical eastern Australian climates.
Tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide—No PICC, no problem!
Authors: Sodhi Varun , Kronsberg Kelli A. , Clark Mickayla , Cho Jonathan C.
Published: August 2021

Tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide is a novel orally bioavailable prodrug of tebipenem, a carbapenem antimicrobial, that binds to penicillin‐binding proteins, inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. This results in weakening of peptidoglycan, leading to lysis of bacterial cells. Tebipenem displays a broad spectrum of activity against anaerobic, gram‐positive, and gram‐negative pathogens, including extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase producing Enterobacterales. In a large phase 3 clinical trial (ADAPT‐PO), oral tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide 600 mg every 8 h was shown to be non‐inferior to intravenous ertapenem 1 g every 24 h. Overall response at test of cure was 58.8% [264/449] in the tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide group compared to 61.6% [258/419] in the ertapenem group for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, including acute pyelonephritis. At the test of cure, clinical cure rates were 93.1% and 93.6% and microbiological eradication was 59.5% and 63.5% with tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide and ertapenem, respectively. The most common adverse reactions associated with tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide are diarrhea, headache, and nausea. As with other carbapenems, tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide is expected to have the potential to decrease the seizure threshold and will likely require renal dosage adjustment for patients with altered renal function due to high renal clearance. If approved in the United States, tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide can serve as a potential oral antimicrobial option to decrease hospital length of stay and prevent hospital admissions due to resistant pathogens.
Macroinvertebrate interactions stimulate decomposition in WWTP effluent-impacted aquatic ecosystems
Authors: van der Meer Tom V. , van der Lee Gea H. , Verdonschot Ralf C. M. , Verdonschot Piet F. M.
Published: August 2021

Aquatic ecosystems worldwide are impacted by an influx of nutrients and sludge particles from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, leading to a degradation of benthic habitats and a loss of associated macroinvertebrate taxa. Hence, in habitats impacted by WWTPs, only a few tolerant macroinvertebrate taxa remain. These tolerant detritivore macroinvertebrate taxa play an important role in the degradation of organic matter, and biotic interactions between these taxa may either enhance or reduce the rate of sludge degradation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine if the interaction between asellids and tubificids, both highly abundant in systems impacted by WWTP effluent, enhances the degradation of sludge. To this end, growth and reproduction of both taxa, sludge degradation and nutrient concentrations in the overlying water were measured in a 28-day laboratory experiment, subjecting WWTP sludge to 4 treatments: a control without macroinvertebrates, a tubificid, an asellid, and an asellid + tubificid treatment. Sludge degradation, phosphate concentration in the overlying water and asellid reproduction were enhanced when asellids and tubificids were jointly present, whereas tubificid growth and reproduction were hampered in comparison to the tubificid treatment. Hence, our results suggest that the biotic interactions between these tolerant detritivores stimulate sludge degradation, and thus possibly mitigating the negative impacts of WWTP-derived sludge particles on the benthic environment.
Second Tier Testing to Reduce the Number of Non-actionable Secondary Findings and False-Positive Referrals in Newborn Screening for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Authors: Blom Maartje , Pico-Knijnenburg Ingrid , Imholz Sandra , Vissers Lotte , Schulze Janika , Werner Jeannette , Bredius Robbert , van der Burg Mirjam
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Newborn screening (NBS) for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is based on the detection of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs). TRECs are a sensitive biomarker for T-cell lymphopenia, but not specific for SCID. This creates a palette of secondary findings associated with low T-cells that require follow-up and treatment or are non-actionable. The high rate of (non-actionable) secondary findings and false-positive referrals raises questions about the harm-benefit-ratio of SCID screening, as referrals are associated with high emotional impact and anxiety for parents.

Methods

An alternative quantitative TREC PCR with different primers was performed on NBS cards of referred newborns (N = 56) and epigenetic immune cell counting was used as for relative quantification of CD3 + T-cells (N = 59). Retrospective data was used to determine the reduction in referrals with a lower TREC cutoff value or an adjusted screening algorithm.

Results

When analyzed with a second PCR with different primers, 45% of the referrals (25/56) had TREC levels above cutoff, including four false-positive cases in which two SNPs were identified. With epigenetic qPCR, 41% (24/59) of the referrals were within the range of the relative CD3 + T-cell counts of the healthy controls. Lowering the TREC cutoff value or adjusting the screening algorithm led to lower referral rates but did not prevent all false-positive referrals.

Conclusions

Second tier tests and adjustments of cutoff values or screening algorithms all have the potential to reduce the number of non-actionable secondary findings in NBS for SCID, although second tier tests are more effective in preventing false-positive referrals.
Reference data among general population and known-groups validity among hypertensive population of the EQ-5D-5L in Vietnam
Authors: Mai Vu Quynh , Giang Kim Bao , Minh Hoang Van , Lindholm Lars , Sun Sun , Sahlen Klas Göran
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This study aims to provide EQ-5D-5L population norms among the general population in Vietnam and to test EQ-5D-5L’ construction validity among people living with hypertension there.

Methods

Descriptive statistics of the five dimensions and five levels, EQ-VAS and EQ-5D-5L indexes were categorised into gender and age groups for the EQ-5D-5L population norms. Known-groups testing was set for lower EQ-5D-5L outcomes among people who were aware of their hypertensive status, females, people with more comorbidities, less education, older ages, and higher body mass indexes. Level of confident interval was 95%.

Results

The mean EQ-VAS and EQ-5D-5L indexes were 81.10 (SD: 13.35) and 0.94 (SD: 0.09) among the general population. The EQ-5D-5L outcomes were better among younger people, males, people with more education, employees, and single people. Respondents reported fewer problems with self-care and usual activities and tend to have problems at higher levels across older ages. The known-group testing showed statistically significant results. The mean EQ-VAS and EQ-5D-5L indexes of people in the diagnosed hypertensive group (71.48 and 0.94, respectively) were statistically significantly smaller than they were in the non-hypertensive and undiagnosed hypertensive group (76.65 and 0.97; 76.95 and 0.96 accordingly). Statistically significant associations of lower EQ-5D-5L indexes and EQ-VAS were found among people diagnosed for hypertension, people suffering from an incremental comorbidity, and obese people.

Conclusion

This study has provided EQ-5D-5L population norms for the general population and evidence for known-groups validity of the EQ-5D-5L instrument among hypertensive people in Vietnam.
Report on outcomes of valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation and redo surgical aortic valve replacement in the Netherlands
Authors: van Steenbergen G. J. , van Straten B. , Lam K. Y. , van Veghel D. , Dekker L. , Tonino P. A.
Published: August 2021

Objective

We sought to investigate real-world outcomes of patients with degenerated biological aortic valve prostheses who had undergone valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation (ViV-TAVI) or reoperative surgical aortic valve replacement (redo-SAVR) in the Netherlands.

Methods

Patients who had undergone ViV-TAVI or redo-SAVR for a degenerated biological aortic valve prosthesis in the Netherlands between January 2014 and December 2018 were eligible for this retrospective study. Patients with a prior homograft, active endocarditis or mechanical aortic valve prosthesis were excluded. Patients were matched using the propensity score. The primary endpoint was a composite of 30-day all-cause mortality and in-hospital postoperative stroke. Secondary endpoints were all-cause mortality at different time points, in-hospital postoperative stroke, pacemaker implantation and redo procedures within one year. Baseline characteristics and outcome data were collected from the Netherlands Heart Registration.

Results

From 16 cardiac centres, 653 patients were included in the study (374 ViV-TAVI and 279 redo-SAVR). European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation I (EuroSCORE I) was higher in ViV-TAVI patients (19.4, interquartile range (IQR) 13.3–27.9 vs 13.8, IQR 8.3–21.9, p < 0.01). After propensity score matching, 165 patients were matched with acceptable covariate balance. In the matched cohorts, the primary endpoint was not significantly different for ViV-TAVI and redo-SAVR patients (odds ratio 1.30, 95% confidence interval 0.57–3.02). Procedural, 30-day and 1‑year all-cause mortality rates, incidence of in-hospital postoperative stroke, pacemaker implantation and redo procedures within one year were also similar between cohorts.

Conclusion

Patients with degenerated aortic bioprostheses treated with ViV-TAVI or redo-SAVR have similar mortality and morbidity.
Publication Inaccuracies Listed in General Surgery Residency Training Program Applications
Authors: Yeh Daniel Dante , Reynolds John M. , Pust Gerd Daniel , Sleeman Danny , Meizoso Jonathan P. , Menzel Christopher , Horkan Davis , Lineberry Matthew , Yudkowsky Rachel , Park Yoon Soo
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND:

Professionalism is a core competency that is difficult to assess. We examined the incidence of publication inaccuracies in Electronic Residency Application Service applications to our training program as potential indicators of unprofessional behavior.

STUDY DESIGN:

We reviewed all 2019–2020 National Resident Matching Program applicants being considered for interview. Applicant demographic characteristics recorded included standardized examination scores, gender, medical school, and medical school ranking (2019 US News & World Report). Publication verification by a medical librarian was performed for peer-reviewed journal articles/abstracts, peer-reviewed book chapters, and peer-reviewed online publications. Inaccuracies were classified as “nonserious” (eg incorrect author order without author rank promotion) or “serious” (eg miscategorization, non-peer-reviewed journal, incorrect author order with author rank promotion, nonauthorship of cited existing publication, and unverifiable publication). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for demographic characteristics to identify predictors of overall inaccuracy and serious inaccuracy.

RESULTS:

Of 319 applicants, 48 (15%) had a total of 98 inaccuracies; after removing nonserious inaccuracies, 37 (12%) with serious inaccuracies remained. Seven publications were reported in predatory open access journals. In the regression model, none of the variables (US vs non-US medical school, gender, or medical school ranking) were significantly associated with overall inaccuracy or serious inaccuracy.

CONCLUSIONS:

One in 8 applicants (12%) interviewing at a general surgery residency program were found to have a serious inaccuracy in publication reporting on their Electronic Residency Application Service application. These inaccuracies might represent inattention to detail or professionalism transgressions.
Decreased leucocyte telomere length in male patients with chronic bipolar disorder: lack of effect of long-term lithium treatment
Authors: Ferensztajn-Rochowiak Ewa , Kurczewska Ewa , Rubiś Błażej , Lulkiewicz Michalina , Hołysz Hanna , Rybakowski Filip , Rybakowski Janusz K.
Published: August 2021

Objectives:

Bipolar disorder (BD) may be connected with accelerated aging, the marker of this can be shorter telomere length (TL). Some data suggest that lithium may exert a protective effect against telomere shortening. The study aimed to compare the TL between patients with BD and control subjects. The effect of long-term lithium treatment was also assessed.

Methods:

The study group comprised 41 patients with BD, including 29 patients treated longitudinally with lithium (mean 16.5 years) and 20 healthy people. TL was assessed by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Results:

In the control group, the TL was significantly longer in males than in females. Male bipolar patients had significantly shorter TL compared with the control male group. In bipolar patients, there was no correlation between TL and duration of treatment. The TL was negatively correlated with age in male bipolar patients.

Conclusions:

The study did not confirm the lithium effect on TL in bipolar patients. TL showed gender differences, being shorter in BD males, compared to control males, and longer in healthy males, compared to control females.
Selection of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR normalization in the coffee white stem borer, Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Meng Qianqian , Shu Benshui , Sun Shiwei , Wang Ying , Yang Mei , Zhu Enhang , Liu Aiqin , Gao Shengfeng , Gou Yafeng , Wang Zheng
Published: August 2021

The coffee white stem borer, Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is a major destructive pest of Coffea arabica L. (Gentianales: Rubiaceae), widely planted in many Asian countries, including China. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a common method for quantitative analysis of gene transcription levels. To obtain accurate and reliable qRT-PCR results, it is necessary to select suitable reference genes to different experimental conditions for normalizing the target gene expression. However, the stability of the expression of reference genes in X. quadripes has rarely been studied. In this study, the expression stability of nine candidate reference genes were investigated under biotic and abiotic conditions for use in qRT-PCR's normalization. By integrating the results of four algorithms of NormFinder, BestKeeper, geNorm, and RefFinder, the optimal reference gene combinations in different experimental conditions were performed as follows: RPL10a and EIF3D were the optimal reference genes for developmental stage samples, EIF4E, RPL10a, and RPS27a for tissue samples, V-ATP and EF1α for the sex samples, EIF3D and V-ATP for temperature treatment, RPS27a and RPL10a for insecticide stress, and RPL10a, RPS27a, and EF1α for all the samples. This study will help to obtain the stable internal reference genes under biotic and abiotic conditions and lay the foundation for in-depth functional research of target genes or genomics on olfactory molecular mechanisms, temperature adaptability, and insecticide resistance in X. quadripes.
Making an Arab-Muslim Elite in Paris: The Pan-Maghrib Student Movement of the 1930s
Authors: Watanabe Shoko
Published: August 2021

This paper aims to clarify the scope and limitations of the ideals of Pan-Maghrib nationalism as developed by the Association of North African Muslim Students in France (AEMNAF) in the 1930s. The AEMNAF members’ inclination toward sciences and technology and their emphasis on conserving their mother culture made them consider Arabism and Islam their most important identity markers. Moreover, the AEMNAF created a sense of solidarity among Maghribi students in France and extended its social influence by cooperating with French and Mashriqi opinion leaders in Europe. However, the AEMNAF's narrow definition of Muslim-ness and its elitist nature led to the exclusion of Maghribis with French citizenship from the organization. The dualistic view of technology and culture in Maghribi nationalist thought also contributed to prioritizing Francophones over Arabophones, Muslims over non-Muslims, men over women, and students in the sciences over those in humanities.
Counterparty Risk in Over-the-Counter Markets
Authors: Frei Christoph , Capponi Agostino , Brunetti Celso
Published: August 2021

We study trading and risk management decisions of banks in over-the-counter markets, accounting for 2 types of risk: payoff risk from loans and counterparty risk from trading activities. Our model provides empirically supported predictions on the structure of the interbank credit default swap (CDS) market: i) banks with high default probabilities either buy or sell CDS contracts; ii) because of the counterparty risk friction, payoff risk is only partially shared; and iii) safe banks act as intermediaries and help diversify counterparty risk. Banks manage their default probabilities to become creditworthy counterparties, but they do so in a socially inefficient way.
Visiting the complex bibliography ofThe Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, 1839-1843
Authors: Rosove Michael H.
Published: August 2021

Deciphering the bibliographical details ofThe Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, 1839-1843has long been problematic owing to production of theZoologyin 24 parts over a 31-year time span (1844−1875), two publication periods (1844−1848, 1874−1875) each with a different publisher, non-consecutive issuance of text pages and plates, non-uniform plate numbering, ambiguities in publication dates and publisher imprints, conflicting bibliographical information in previous reports, and perhaps most of all the extreme rarity of parts still in their original state. The present report, based on what appears to be the most thorough examination of parts and reissues in original state to date, closes numerous knowledge gaps.
GROWTH, FIXED, AND MIXED MINDSETS
Authors: Lou Nigel Mantou , Chaffee Kathryn Everhart , Noels Kimberly A.
Published: August 2021

Language learners’ mindsets–their beliefs about whether language is a fixed aptitude that is immutable or a malleable capacity that can be developed–are associated with achievement goals, language-use anxiety, reappraisals of challenges, and persistence. This study integrates these mindset-related constructs to identify mindset-system profiles among foreign language learners. A latent profile analysis of 234 university students in foreign language courses revealed three distinct profiles. The fixed (21.8%) and growth (20.5%) profiles showed distinct and contrasting patterns of goals, reappraisals, anxiety, and persistence. However, most learners (57.7%) endorsed a mixed profile. Although mindsets alone did not predict grades, students in the growth profile were consistently most engaged and achieved the highest grades, suggesting that mindsets function as a system, in concert with related factors. This person-centered approach enhances our understanding of the complexity and functions of the mindset system, as well as the motivation of learners with mixed mindsets.
Associations of observed callous–unemotional behaviors in early childhood with conduct problems and substance use over 14 years
Authors: Donohue Meghan Rose , Hoyniak Caroline P. , Tillman Rebecca , Barch Deanna M. , Luby Joan
Published: August 2021

Callous–unemotional (CU) behaviors (i.e., low concern and active disregard for others) uniquely predict severe conduct problems and substance use when present by late childhood. Less is known about the predictive utility of CU behaviors displayed in early childhood, when morality is developing and interventions may be more effective. Children aged 4–7 years (N = 246; 47.6% girls) completed an observational task wherein they were encouraged to tear an experimenter's valued photograph, and blind raters coded children's displayed CU behaviors. During the next 14 years, children's conduct problems (i.e., oppositional defiant and conduct symptoms) and age of onset of substance use were assessed. Compared to children displaying fewer CU behaviors, children displaying greater CU behaviors were 7.61 times more likely to meet criteria for a conduct disorder (n = 52) into early adulthood (95% CI, 2.96–19.59; p = <.0001), and their conduct problems were significantly more severe. Greater CU behaviors were associated with earlier onset of substance use (B = −.69, SE = .32, t = −2.14, p = .036). An ecologically valid observed indicator of early CU behavior was associated with substantially heightened risk for conduct problems and earlier onset substance use into adulthood. Early CU behavior is a powerful risk marker identifiable using a simple behavioral task which could be used to target children for early intervention.
Medical Care in a Police Intervention with Conducted Electrical Weapons: Zaragoza (Spain) Fire Department Protocol
Authors: Cester-Martínez Armando , Serrano-Lasaosa Leticia , Borraz-Clares Diego
Published: August 2021

In the last decade, conducted electrical weapons (CEWs) have become a new tool for law enforcement agencies as an alternative to firearms. They provide security in the intervention for both the police and the citizen and try to cause the least possible harm to the subject to immobilize.

The health care providers who perform in joint actions with the police in which CEWs are used should be aware of how they work, risk groups, as well as the most frequent clinical effects associated with the application of electrical discharge, and the complications that can be produced according to the area of impact of the electrodes.

For this purpose, the current medical literature was reviewed by consulting the main health care sciences database (PubMed) to determine the medical measures to be taken before, during, and after the use of these weapons. Also presented and shared is the Zaragoza (Spain) Fire Department protocol.
Generation of zwitterionic trifluoromethyl N-allylic ylides and their use in switchable divergent annulations
Authors: Yan Ru-Jie , Liu Bao-Xin , Hu Yuan , Du Wei , Chen Ying-Chun
Published: August 2021

Switchable regio- and chemodivergent annulations of trifluoromethyl-containing Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates and 1-azadienes were developed via catalyst-control.
Magneto-optical properties of bilayer phosphorene quantum dots
Authors: Zare Moslem , Haghdoust Sepahdar
Published: August 2021

Using the tight-binding approach, we investigate the electronic and magneto-optical properties of bilayer phosphorene quantum dots (BLPQDs) in the presence of perpendicular electric and magnetic fields.
A sustainable strategy for fabricating porous carbon supported Sn submicron spheres by self-generated Na2CO3as templates for lithium-ion battery anode
Authors: Liu Kun , Wang Jia-ao , Zheng Hongfei , Guo Shuhan , Wang Xiaofei , Man Jianzong , Wang Xinyu , Sun Juncai
Published: August 2021

A sustainable strategy was proposed to prepare Sn submicron spheres/porous carbon composites by direct carbonization of disodium stannous citrate. Self-generated Na2CO3acts as the template to support the formation of porous carbon.
Engineering of a functional pancreatic acinus with reprogrammed cancer cells by induced PTF1a expression
Authors: Venis Stephanie M. , Moon Hye-ran , Yang Yi , Utturkar Sagar M. , Konieczny Stephen F. , Han Bumsoo
Published: August 2021

We present a microfluidic model of the normal pancreatic acinus with epithelial duct and acinar cavity structure using reprogrammed pancreatic cancer cells by inducing PTF1a gene.
Oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene via layered graphitic carbon nitride-coordinated transition metal as a catalyst
Authors: Shadmehri Mehdi A. , Housaindokht Mohammad Reza , Nakhaei Pour Ali
Published: August 2021

In this study, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been synthesized. The cobalt-doped (CoO/g-C3N4) samples prepared by the impregnation method and their catalytic property were investigated on the ODS process.
Magnetic anisotropies and slow magnetic relaxation of three tetrahedral tetrakis(pseudohalido)–cobalt(ii) complexes
Authors: Chen Shu-Yang , Lv Wei , Cui Hui-Hui , Chen Lei , Zhang Yi-Quan , Chen Xue-Tai , Wang Zhenxing , Ouyang Zhong-Wen , Yan Hong , Xue Zi-Ling
Published: August 2021

Magnetic anisotropies and slow magnetic relaxation of three homoleptic cobalt(ii) complexes with different pseudohalide ligands were studied via magnetometry, HFEPR and theoretical calculations.
In situ synthesis of a hybrid Fe(Co)/MXene/ZSM-5 catalyst for phenol abatement
Authors: Zhang Changquan , Li Chaolin , Chen Gang , Ji Fei , Shen Yiyong , Peng Juan , Zhang Jiaolong
Published: August 2021

MXene (Ti3C2) was introduced to develop the multifunctional photocatalyst Metal/MXene/ZSM-5 to enhance the catalytic efficiency of the ZSM-5 based catalyst.
Design of cost-efficient Glucose meter
Authors: Rao Sanjana , Mohanty Sattwik , Amarnani Chirag , Fakir Kausar , Dhobale Sandip , Agarkar Trupti
Published: August 2021

A blood glucose metre is a small, portable device that measures blood glucose levels. To avoid long-term complications from diabetes, careful blood glucose control is required. New blood glucose metres have a small size, a large memory capacity, blood glucose manipulation techniques, and computer-based data processing capabilities.

The Glucose Detection System is implemented in tandem with an improved Op-based Potentiostat and an automatic test system. This project's goal is to investigate an improved OP-based Three-Electrode Potentiostat that can be used in an Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor device to achieve comparable measurement accuracy. This Project enables us to make the Glucometer Cost-Efficient, Affordable and Easy to Use. They hold a lot of promise in the field of bio-detection on the go systems for use in health care and biomedicine.
Design and Implementation of Drone in Healthcare Applications
Authors: Khandagale Pratik , Eranjikal Dharmaraj , Parab Siddhi , Garg Bhawana
Published: August 2021

A drone, in simple words, is a type of flying robot that can be remotely controlled by a human operator. It is in technology terms also known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). With many new advancements in drone technology, it is expected that drones may expand further to include diagnostic capabilities, namely in the imaging field. The drone presented in this paper will also be used for the delivery of medical supplies. With a lock system implemented on the container attached, it ensures the safety of the supplies till they reach the rightful person. The drone could be used by online pharmaceuticals, which are booming as people are gaining interest in them. The designed system is an internet-based drone using the principles of IoT.
Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Heart Disease Prediction
Authors: Hasan Ruby
Published: August 2021

In the last few years, cardiovascular diseases have emerged as one of the most common causes of deaths worldwide. The lifestyle changes, eating habits, working cultures etc, has significantly contributed to this alarming issue across the globe including the developed, underdeveloped and developing nations. Early detection of the initial signs of cardiovascular diseases and the continuous medical supervision can help in reducing rising number of patients and eventually the mortality rate. However with limited medical facilities and specialist doctors, it is difficult to continuously monitor the patients and provide consultations. Technological interventions are required to facilitate the patient monitoring and treatment. The healthcare data generated through various medical procedures and continuous patient monitoring can be utilized to develop efficient prediction models for cardiovascular diseases. The early prognosis of cardiovascular illnesses can aid in making decisions on life-style changes in high hazard sufferers and in turn lessen the complications, which may be an outstanding milestone inside the field of medicine. This paper studies some of the most widely used machine learning algorithms for heart disease prediction by using the medical data and historical information. The various techniques are discussed and a comparative analysis of the same is presented. This report compares five common strategies for predicting the chance of heart attack that have been published in the literature. KNN, Decision Tree, Gaussian Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, and Random Forest are some of the approaches used. Further, the paper also highlights the advantages and disadvantages of using the various techniques for developing the prediction models.
Algorithmic trading for a buy-sell platform: study and comparison
Authors: Sakhare Aishwarya , Mhaskar Nihar , Mishra Vicky , Chavan Madhuri
Published: August 2021

With the high-paced change in the world, the market trends are changing fast and so do the technological innovations. The market is constantly moving and being affected by a number of external factors, making it difficult for investors to make decision. To solve this problem, a technique called Algorithmic Trading is being implemented widely. It refers to use of computer algorithms to make trading decisions without human intervention. In this paper, the algorithm used to predict the stock prices is the LSTM model which is a methodology of neural networks.The existing models are less accurate as they do not take technical factors into consideration. LSTM model, having error of only 0.00036%, overcomes this limitation and also takes temporal factor into consideration.
Study on allocation and realization method of helicopter vulnerability index
Authors: Hou Peng , Pei Yang , Ai Junqiang , Tian Chen , Zu Guangran , Chen Zhiwei
Published: August 2021

To reduce the vulnerability of attack helicopters under fragment/projectile strikes, the method of assigning vulnerability index from the whole aircraft to critical components under single and multiple attacks is mainly studied. Under a single strike, the system components in the same direction are divided into three situations: no component overlap, nonredundant model with component overlap and redundant model with component overlap. Two index allocation methods based on the ratio of the presented area of the critical components and the ratio of the vulnerability assessment results of the critical components are proposed. The system components are divided into redundant components and non-redundant components, and an index allocation method based on the proportion of critical components' vulnerability results is proposed under multiple strikes. On this basis, combining with the vulnerability reduction measures of attack helicopters, the vulnerability index requirements of corresponding components are achieved through iterative analysis. Finally, the AH-64D helicopter is subjected to simulation tests under single and multiple strikes, and the vulnerability indexes of B-level and C-level are assigned, which verified the feasibility of the method.
Comment on: Multimodal analgesia with thoracic epidural after transthoracic oesophagectomy: Do we need more evidence?
Authors: Falk G L , Phillips S , Rai R , Corke P
Published: August 2021

This article is a response to the publication ‘Comparison of multimodal analgesia with thoracic epidural after transthoracic oesophagectomy’. It discuss the differing outcomes from using this technique in other publications.
Taste Dysfunction in Children—A Clinical Perspective and Review of Assessment Methods
Authors: van den Brink Mirjam , IJpma Irene , Tissing Wim J E , Havermans Remco C
Published: August 2021

Taste dysfunction has been associated with aging and is therefore thought to be less common in children. However, children can face medical conditions influencing their taste function. Measuring and understanding taste dysfunction in children may foster the development of treatments/interventions mitigating the detrimental effects of taste dysfunction on children’s appetite and quality of life. But measuring loss of taste function requires adequate tools. This review was conducted to 1) provide an overview of etiologies (i.e., disease and iatrogenic) associated with taste dysfunction in a pediatric population; 2) to investigate which tools (psychophysical tests and questionnaires) are available to assess taste function in children; and 3) to identify what tools can be and are actually used in clinical practice. It is concluded that only a minority of available tools to assess taste function in children are readily suitable for a pediatric clinical setting. Considering the profound impact of taste dysfunction in the pediatric setting, developing, and implementing a standard taste test that is sensitive, simple, and practical to use with children is pertinent.
Chronic venous insufficiency, cardiovascular disease, and mortality: a population study
Authors: Prochaska Jürgen H , Arnold Natalie , Falcke Andrea , Kopp Sabrina , Schulz Andreas , Buch Gregor , Moll Sophie , Panova-Noeva Marina , Jünger Claus , Eggebrecht Lisa , Pfeiffer Norbert , Beutel Manfred , Binder Harald , Grabbe Stephan , Lackner Karl J , ten Cate-Hoek Arina , Espinola-Klein Christine , Münzel Thomas , Wild Philipp S
Published: August 2021

Aims 

Evidence regarding the health burden of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), its clinical determinants, and impact on outcome is scarce.

Methods and results 

Systematic phenotyping of CVI according to established CEAP (Clinical-Etiologic-Anatomic-Pathophysiologic) classification was performed in 12 423 participants (age range: 40–80 years) of the Gutenberg Health Study from April 2012 to April 2017. Prevalence was calculated age- and sex-specifically. Multivariable Poisson regression models were calculated to evaluate the relation of CVI with cardiovascular comorbidities. Survival analyses were carried out to assess the CVI-associated risk of death. Replication of findings was done in an independent cohort study (MyoVasc, NCT04064450). The prevalence of telangiectasia/reticular, varicose veins, and CVI was 36.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 35.6–37.4%], 13.3% [12.6–13.9%], and 40.8% [39.9–41.7%], respectively. Age, female sex, arterial hypertension, obesity, smoking, and clinically overt cardiovascular disease were identified as clinical determinants of CVI. Higher CEAP classes were associated with a higher predicted 10-year risk for incident cardiovascular disease in individuals free of cardiovascular disease (n = 9923). During a mean follow-up of 6.4 ± 1.6 years, CVI was a strong predictor of all-cause death independent of the concomitant clinical profile and medication [hazard ratio (HR) 1.46 (95% CI 1.19–1.79), P = 0. 0003]. The association of CVI with an increased risk of all-cause death was externally validated in the MyoVasc cohort [HR 1.51 (95% CI 1.11–2.05), P = 0.009].

Conclusion 

Chronic venous insufficiency is highly prevalent in the population and is associated with the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and disease. Individuals with CVI experience an elevated risk of death, which is independent of age and sex, and present cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities.
A possible explanation for the contrasting results of REDUCE-IT vs. STRENGTH: cohort study mimicking trial designs
Authors: Doi Takahito , Langsted Anne , Nordestgaard Børge G
Published: August 2021

Aims

We tested the hypothesis that the contrasting results for the effect of high-dose, purified omega-3 fatty acids on the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in two randomized trials, Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial (REDUCE-IT) vs. Long-Term Outcomes Study to Assess Statin Residual Risk with Epanova in High Cardiovascular Risk Patients with Hypertriglyceridaemia (STRENGTH), can be explained by differences in the effect of active and comparator oils on lipid traits and C-reactive protein.

Methods and results

In the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS) with 106 088 individuals, to mimic trial designs we analysed those who met key inclusion criteria in REDUCE-IT (n = 5684; ASCVD = 852) and STRENGTH (n = 6862; ASCVD = 697). Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease incidence was followed for the median durations of REDUCE-IT and STRENGTH (4.9 and 3.5 years), respectively. When combining changes in plasma triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and C-reactive protein observed in the active oil groups of the original studies, estimated hazard ratios for ASCVD in the CGPS were 0.96 [95% confidence interval 0.93–0.99] mimicking REDUCE-IT and 0.94 (0.91–0.98) mimicking STRENGTH. In the comparator oil groups, corresponding hazard ratios were 1.07 (1.04–1.10) and 0.99 (0.98–0.99). Combining these results, the active oil vs. comparator oil hazard ratio was 0.88 (0.84–0.93) in the CGPS mimicking REDUCE-IT compared to 0.75 (0.68–0.83) in the REDUCE-IT. The corresponding hazard ratio was 0.96 (0.93–0.99) in the CGPS mimicking STRENGTH compared to 0.99 (0.90–1.09) in STRENGTH.

Conclusion

The contrasting results of REDUCE-IT vs. STRENGTH can partly be explained by a difference in the effect of comparator oils (mineral vs. corn), but not of active oils [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) vs. EPA + docosahexaenoic acid], on lipid traits and C-reactive protein. The unexplained additional 13% risk reduction in REDUCE-IT likely is through other effects of EPA or mineral oil.
Strong error estimates for a space-time discretization of the linear-quadratic control problem with the stochastic heat equation with linear noise
Authors: Prohl Andreas , Wang Yanqing
Published: August 2021

We propose a time-implicit, finite-element-based space-time discretization of the necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for the stochastic linear-quadratic optimal control problem with the stochastic heat equation driven by linear noise of type $[X(t)+\sigma (t)]\,\,\textrm{d}W(t)$ and prove optimal convergence w.r.t. both space and time discretization parameters. In particular, we employ the stochastic Riccati equation as a proper analytical tool to handle the linear noise, and thus extend the applicability of the earlier work by Prohl & Wang (2021, Strong rates of convergence for a space-time discretization of the backward stochastic heat equation, and of a linear-quadratic control problem for the stochastic heat equation. ESAIM Control Optim. Calc. Var., 27, 54), where the error analysis was restricted to additive noise.