bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistance of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity during hypertrophy of the lingual tonsil
Authors: Аndreev A. V. , Таgunova I. K. , Nasibullin B. A. , Gushcha S. G. , Volyanska V. S. , Movlyanova N. V. , Badiuk N. S.
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of studies that indicate that with hypertrophy of the lingual tonsil, weakening of the resistance of the oral mucosa to external influences is observed. This is due to sensitization, intoxication, depletion of the body by various pathogens that disrupt the regulation and repair processes in the body.
Surgical care to the wounded with large bowel battle truma during the anti-terrorist operation
Authors: Kashtalyan M. A. , Tkachenko A. Ye. , Kvasnevskyi Ye. A. , Honcharuk V. S.
Published: February 2021

A study of surgical treatment at the stages of medical evacuation of 83 wounded with a battle trauma to the abdomen and damage to the large bowel, received during the anti-terrorist operation. The wounded patients were divided into two groups: the comparison group — 42 patients with a traditional surgical management, and the main group — 41 patients with a priority surgical management, which depended on the severity of the condition, the severity of internal injuries and operational and tactical circumstances. At the second level of medical care, the surgical management and the extent of surgical interventions were determined: full, abbreviated or damage control surgery. At the III–IV levels of medical care, planned repeated operations “damage control surgery”, “second look”, as well as comprehensive treatment of the consequences and complications of gunshot wounds were performed.A new approach to the choice of surgical management, as well as the standardization of the estent of surgical interventions have reduced the number of postoperative abdominal complications by 27% and mortality rate — by 16.4%.
A comparative study on the effectiveness of application of different types of biological matrixes on mandibular alveolar mucosa lesion healing
Authors: Vyshnevska H. O. , Kakabadze Z. Sh. , Schnayder S. A. , Zayats L. M. , Tiron O. I. , Vastyanov R. S.
Published: February 2021

Periodontal diseases is one of the most relevant and important problem in modern dentistry due to their increasing prevalence in population, association with the occurrence of focus of chronic infection, progressive development and irreversibility which, in case of severe damage of periodontal tissues, eventually leads to a loss of the number of teeth. All of the named factors eventually lead to the development of irreversible inflammatory-dystrophic and destructive changes in periodontal tissues. During the recent years the method of guided tissue regeneration that uses membranes is being successfully used for the treatment of periodontal diseases.A comparative study on the mandibular alveolar mucosa lesion healing during application of different types of biological matrixes containing decellularized amniotic membrane, decellularized amniotic membrane in combination with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) growth factors, and decellularized amniotic membrane in combination with PRP growth factors and hyaluronic acid was performed. The study proved the acceleration of the processes of wound area reduction. Under experimental conditions, the wound healing lasted from day 3 to day 5 of the study; however, the rate of reduction of the wound area was slower, which indicates an alterative stage of the acute inflammatory process. During days 5 – 7 (stage of regeneration, the 2nd phase of wound process) the wound area reduced rapidly and by day14 a complete epithelization of the surgical wound was observed in all groups using decellularized amniotic membrane. In the group using the combination of PRP growth factors and hyaluronic acid the epithelization of wound was already observed on the day5. In the control group healing occurres with scar formation.
Determination of transcutaneous oxygen tension for evaluating the degree of ischemia in patients with diabetic foot syndrome
Authors: Dzubanovskyi I. Ya. , Antoschuk R. Ya. , Kurach S. S. , Tanovetskyi V. A.
Published: February 2021

One of the main syndromes that poses a direct threat to the patient's ability to work and life is diabetic foot syndrome (DFS). It is known that DFS is caused by a complex of disorders of the anatomical and functional state of the foot due to neuro-ischemic changes caused by prolonged hyperglycemia. The aim of styding was to investigate the value of transcutaneous oxygen tension during the performance of revascularization and rehabilitation interventions in patients with DFS. We studied 114 patients with purulent-necrotic forms of DFS with moderate and severe diabetes, who were determined by the value of transcutaneous oxygen tension during hospital treatment.Therefore, determination of transcutaneous oxygen tension is the most informative way to assess the degree of ischemia before and after revascularization operations. When the value of TcpO2 at the foot ≤25 mmHg we recommend performing the first stage of revascularization intervention. At TcPO2 values >25 mmHg, revascularization was recommended for post-primary remediation of purulent-necrotic lesions and to accelerate healing in patients with large foot tissue defects after surgery for purulent-necrotic complications of DFS. When restoring the value of the transcutaneous voltage above25 mmHg it can be performed remediation interventions at almost any distal level. At values of 10-25 mmHg – it should be done more proximal level (where the determined transcutaneous value of TcpO2 is about 15-25 mmHg) of the demarcation line necrosis, as the risk of reamputation is higher than 75 %. At values of ≤10 mmHg, we recommend performing high amputations.
Research of stimulating efficiency of blood allogeneic plasma fractions on cell proliferation in vitro conditions
Authors: Dzhyvak V. G. , Dovhalyuk A. I. , Paliy I. R. , Klishch I. M.
Published: February 2021

We conducted a comparative experiment on the effect of platelet rich plasma and platelet poor plasma of allogeneic blood of rats on the proliferative activity of different rat cell lines in experimental conditions in vitro. Rat cells such as umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, dermal fibroblasts, and fetal myogenic cells were used in the experiment. To compare the proliferative activity of cell lines, the density of the cell population - confluent - was estimated as the percentage of filling the bottom area of the culture vessel with attached and spread cells. As a result of the research it was found that plasma enriched with platelets in the form of 5% supplement to the growth medium has a pronounced stimulating effect on the proliferative activity of fibroblasts, but less effective in the case of cell culture of mesenchymal stem cells. Platelet poor plasma has a physiological effect on the cell cultures of mesenchymal stem cells and rat fibroblasts similar to fetal calf serum. Myogenic rat cells have a high proliferative potential and do not require additional stimulation of platelet rich plasma and platelet poor plasma at the concentrations studied by us.
Trends in the formation of state regional demographic policy in Ukraine
Authors: Yavorska V. , Gorodetskaya D. , Yurash Ya.
Published: February 2021

The problems of formation of regional policy and stages of formation and growth of geodemography as modern scientific field of population geography were reviewed in details in the article. In the first stage, a central place in the system of knowledge of the population belongs to the demographics. The second stage are increased by interaction of demography with other sciences, including geography. At their junction, a new discipline - population geography. In the third stage are forming the new direction of population geography - geodemography which orientated to the study of regional differences of population and resettlement and development of a regional demographic policy.
Development and theoretical substantiation of technology of formation of information and digital competence of medical students vocational colleges
Authors: Iukhno Nataliia
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of formation of information and digital competence of students of medical vocational colleges. The scientific analysis of the content of the concepts “information and digital competence” is carried out. The components of information and digital competence of students of medical vocational colleges are determined. Criteria (motivational, cognitive-informational, procedural, reflective-effective), indicators (motives, needs, interests that motivate the formation of information and digital competence of students of medical vocational colleges; positive attitude of students to the formation of information and digital competence; desire to use ICT training in the process of occupational practice, understanding the role of information and prospects for the use of ICT in medicine, knowledge of basic concepts related to ICT training, information and digital tools in educational and professional activities, a set of skills needed by a medical vocational college student to search, transmission and storage of information, the ability to adequately assess their own activities using ICT training in medicine, control, self-control, evaluation and self-evaluation of the process and results of activities for further reassessment) and the level of readiness of information and digital competence of students of medical vocational colleges (high, medium, low). The technology of formation of information-digital competence of students of medical vocational colleges, which includes motivational-target, cognitive-activity, reflection-corrective stages, is scientifically substantiated and developed. The effectiveness of the technology is ensured by the following didactic conditions: actualization of motivational and value training of medical vocational college students; organization of interaction of students and teachers of medical vocational colleges on the Internet through the creation of information and digital learning environment based on individual student support; creation of individual educational routes of students during training and occupational practices.
Mechanism of stress heart damage in the animals of different sensitivity to hypoxia
Authors: Denefil O. V. , Ordynskyi Iu. M.
Published: February 2021

Hypoxia and resistance to it is the main in today data sitiuayion in the world.The aim of the study was to determine level of myocardium damage and corresponding of it with cytokines level in high- and low-resistance to hypoxic hypoxia rats (HR, LR) in different models of immobilization stress.Material and methods of investigation. The experiments were performed on 144 outbred HR and LR aged 5.5-6 months, dividing into 3 groups – control and 2 with different model of immobilizing stress. It was determined morphological changes of myocardium and concentration of interleukins 1beta, 2, 4, 6, 10 (IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in the blood serum.Results. The morphological investigation showed the bigger damage effect in LR animal, than in HR rats. Damage effects were higher in males, than in females. The stress repeating every 72 hours (stress 2) had higher damage in myocardium, than stress repeating every 24 hours (stress 1). We corresponds the results with cytokines level. High congenital resistance to hypoxia is associated with an increased content of anti-inflammatory cytokines (in males IL-4, in females IL-10). Intact males, compared with females, have a higher production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha).At stress1 inHR males, compared with HR females, were lower contents of IL-10, higher level of IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-alpha. At stress1 inLR males, compared with LR females, were lower contends of IL-10, IL-2. The morphological changes were more in males, that’s why higher level of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 really has protection in HR and LR females’ animals. At stress2 inHR male, compared with HR female, were lower contents of IL-1beta and IL-10, higher IL-2 and IL-6. At stress2 inLR males, compared with LR females, were higher level of IL-10, IL-6, lower contents of IL-2, IL-4. The morphological changes were more in males, that’s why pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 really take place in damage of myocardium in males with different resistance animals.Conclusion. High congenital resistance to hypoxia is associated with smaller destroying of the myocardium layer in immobilizing stress, which correspond with increased content of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and, IL-10. Higher damage of myocardium in immobilizing stress correspond with higher production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha).
Expression of the VEGF marker in endometrial cells in hyperplastic processes
Authors: Chumak Z. V.
Published: February 2021

Hormone-dependent diseases related to preproliferative processes and endometrial cancer have a clear tendency to increase and rejuvenate. The purpose: to study the expression of VEGF marker in endometrial cells under physiological, hyperplastic, atypical conditions in women’s different age periods. 2196 pathomorphological findings of endometrial tissue samples in women with clinical manifestations requiring surgical treatment have been analyzed. VEGF expression was performed in endometrial tissue samples of 458 women of late reproductive, perimenopausal and postmenopausal age. Each age category is characterized by its morphofunctional features of the endometrial tissue. Results. The frequency of detection of hyperplastic processes, atypical hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma indicates that starting from the period after 40 y.o. the mechanisms of initiation and development of factors in the system of self-sufficiency in mitogenic stimuli, constant proliferation and insensitivity to antimytogenic signals", loss of “Hayflick’s limit”,  reduced ability to apoptosis, propensity to immortalization take place. Conclusion: The expression of VEGF concentration in endometrial tissue as an inducer of angiogenesis is increased in hyperplastic processes. Significant growth is observed in the processes of atypical hyperplasia, especially in the postmenopausal period. Determination of VEGF concentration in endometrial proliferative processes can be a promising marker for diagnosing the risk of atypical conditions and their prognosis. Research in this direction is quite relevant.
Are metabolic disorders part of a severe mental illness? Historical and current perspective
Authors: Lopuszanska Urszula
Published: February 2021

Introduction and purpose: People with severe mental illness (SMI) live shorter lives than general population. The main cause of mortality in this group is not psychiatric tax diseases, but comorbidities, which are mainly classified as diseases associated with metabolic disorders, such as: obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), diabetes type 2, CVDs, coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease. The aim of this review was to identify the factor relating to relationship between metabolic disorders and mental illness.Description of the state of knowledge: People with SMI are characterized by a higher level of adipose tissue in the visceral region (abdominal obesity) compared to the control group, without any mental disorders. Current studies indicate, that persons with SMI have a genetic tendency of to accumulate adipose tissue in the abdominal area. They are also characterized by higher level of body mass index (BMI), overweight or obesity, than general population. This is mostly caused by lifestyle and specific pharmacological treatment using antipsychotic drug, especially atypical (second generation), which cause weight gain and disturbed carbohydrate metabolism. The fact is, that carbohydrate metabolic disorders were observed in patients with schizophrenia before the first neuroleptic was discovered. Last studies indicated that overweight, obesity may has the same genetic loci as SMI.Summary: SMI seems to be part of a metabolic disorder. This relationship mostly results from the lifestyle, pharmacological treatment, and also the genetic factors. It should be taken into account that the treatment of SMI always requires monitoring of metabolic indicators. Additionally, motivating patients to a healthy lifestyle and physical activity should be the standard of treatment.
Analysis of changes in electrogenesis in schizoprenia using computer electroencephalography
Authors: Lobasyuk B. A. , Bartsevich L. B.
Published: February 2021

Rationale. Psychiatrists do not have objective methods for identifying the brain disorders responsible for mental illness, which prevents timely diagnosis. Therefore, the search for markers of this disease, primarily related to CNS activity, is very relevant.The purpose. A comparative study; by using periodometric analysis of EEG indicators, interhemispheric asymmetry of EEG rhythm amplitudes, and by using multiple regression analysis to identify connections-relations between EEG amplitude and frequency rhythms of different leads in healthy people and schizophrenic patients.Material and Methods. EEG recording was performed in a state of quiet wake with closed eyes on the Neuron-Spectrum-2 electroencephalograph. The analysis was performed using periodometric analysis.The differences of the indicators were monitored using the calculation of the coefficients of concordance (CCs). Connections-relations between indicators were investigated using multiple regression analysis.Own research. In patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy people, there was detected a decrease in the amplitudes of rhythms of EEG, an increase in the duration indices in the delta and theta ranges and a decrease in the duration indices of the alpha and beta rhythms. In patients with schizophrenia, there was a decrease in negativity and an inversion of functional interhemispheric asymmetry (FIHA) to positivity in the delta, theta, and alpha ranges and an increase of (FIHA) positivity in low-frequency and high-frequency EEG beta rhythms. Multiple regression and correlation analysis of the rhythm amplitudes interactions revealed that in the delta and theta ranges in the main group the number of regression coefficients was less than in the control group and in alpha, beta-LF and beta-HF – more than in control group.Conclusions. 1. The obtained results indicated the activation of the right hemisphere in comparison with the left in patients with schizophrenia, possibly due to a decrease in the activating effect of the reticular formation of the brain stem.2. It has been suggested that these changes in the aggregate are the neurophysiological basis of disorders of higher nervous (mental) activity in patients with schizophrenia
Influence of public-private partnership mechanisms on health investments in health care
Authors: Ivanyuk A. V.
Published: February 2021

The objective. To consider the mechanisms of public-private partnership (PPP) as a way to attract investment into the health care system and find out the existence in Ukraine of  a legal basis for the implementation of PPP in health care sector. Materials and methods. The mechanisms and possibilities of PPP projects realization in health care sector have been studied with the use of systematic approach, systematic analysis and information-analytical method. Results. Based on the analysis of international experience, the article presents the key models of PPP used in health care. The legal and institutional bases for the implementation of the PPP investment mechanism in the health care system of Ukraine are determined. The benefits of implementing PPP projects in health care for the state, private partners and the general population are shown. The basic principles of PPP and key directions of introduction of mechanisms of public-private partnership in the field of health care are substantiated. The existing problems for the formation of these mechanisms in the health care of Ukraine are revealed. Conclusions. Public-private partnership is a promising direction of investment attraction in the health care system. There is a necessary legal framework for the implementation of PPP projects in health care inUkraine. .
Predictors of NAFLD rapidly progression in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Mykhalchyshyn G.
Published: February 2021

The goal of our case-control research was to study the associations between speed progression of NAFLD and risk factors among patients with the type 2 diabetes. 82 patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD took part in the study. We divided the patients into two groups: with speed (n=38) and slow (n=44) progression of fibrosis. The results of our study revealed the definitive associations between speedy progression of fibrosis and the level of insulin, ACT and alkaline phosphatase. We found the direct relations of speed fibrosis progression with the level of TC and TG. We also showed the significant influence the inflammatory mechanisms have on fibrosis progression (direct definitive relations between fibrosis and the consistence of cytokines - IL-1β (OR 1,017; р=0,035), TNF-α (OR 0,004; р=0,049) and the inverse relations between the speed progression of fibrosis and the consistence of IL-6 (OR 0,94; р=0,058). Using the results of a step-by-step multivariate regression analysis we created the final clinical model of fibrosis speed progression among the type two diabetes patients and people affected with NAFLD, which includes six prognostic variables: TG, alkaline phosphatase, insulin, IL-6, TNF-α and adiponectin.
Application of neural network information technology for recognition and classification of image presentations of renal cell carcinoma in chronic kidney disease to choose the optimal method of treatment
Authors: Pasichnyk S. M. , Shatnyi S. V. , Pasichnyk M. S. , Gozhenko A. I.
Published: February 2021

The information technology of recognition and classification of imaging representations of RCC complicated CKD with use of a neural network is offered. Approaches to architecture design, teaching methods, data preparation for training, training and neural network testing are described. The structural-functional scheme of the neural network is developed, which consists of the input, hidden and output layer, each individual neuron is described by the corresponding activation function with the selected weights. The expediency of using the number of neurons, their type and architecture for the task of recognition and classification of image representations of oncological phenomena of the organism is shown. Data of patients with RCC of complicated CKD, research department of reconstructive and plastic oncourology of NIR, urological department of "Lviv regional hospital", urology department of Lviv urological regional medical - diagnostic center, were used as initial data, on the basis of real observations, a database for training and education of the neural network was formed. An analysis of the efficiency, speed and accuracy of the neural network, in particular, a computer simulation using modern software and mathematical modeling of computational processes in the middle of the neural network. Software has been developed for preliminary preparation and processing of input data, further training and education of the neural network and directly the process of recognition and classification. According to the obtained results, the developed model and structure of the neural network, its software tools show high efficiency both at the stage of preliminary data processing and in general at the stage of classification and selection of target areas of diseases. The next stage of research is the development and integration of software and hardware system based on parallel and partially parallel computer technology, which will significantly speed up computational operations, achieve the learning and training of the neural network in real time and without loss of accuracy. The presented scientific and practical results have a high potential for integration into existing information and analytical systems, medical analysis the choice of tactics for the treatment of patients with RCC complicated CKD, and health monitoring systems in the preoperative and postoperative periods.
Features of morpho functional changes in periodontal structures in rats with the presence of a photo of a polymer or cement seal
Authors: Varakuta O. A. , Kushch O. G.
Published: February 2021

High prevalence of caries is a great public health burden. To choose the optimal filling material for the restoration of hard tissues of teeth in caries patients is quite relevant. When choosing materials for dental restoration the doctor is guided by aesthetics quality, long-term guarantee of therapy, comfort at work and cost/quality ratio. The objective: under the conditions of an experiment to establish the relationship between the morphorfunctional state of periodontal components in the presence of either photopolymeric or cement filling and compare the data obtained with the results of intact animals. Materials and methods.  The jaws of 41 white laboratory rats were used. 3 groups were formed: group 1 - intact; group 2 included animals with a photopolymer filling; group 3 consisted of rats with a cement filling. Histobacteriological, immunohistochemical,  histochemical and statistical methods were used. Results: the animals with photopolymer filling material, in contrast to animals of the intact group, and those with cement filling, had a greater number of microbial cells in the biofilm during the whole experiment. The microbial cells exhibited enzymatic activity, against which there was a reduced number of glycosaminoglycans in the intercellular substance of the epidermis. Conclusions: Against the background of microorganisms increase in the biofilm of the epithelium, changes in carbohydrate-containing biopolymers of the biofilm, reducing the total number of glycosaminoglycans in animals with photopolymer filling material, the number of lymphocytes and functional activity of antigen-presenting cells in the lamina propria of the gums took place. This indicates the activation of humoral nonspecific and specific links of immunity.
Neurosurgery education of medical students in Nicolaus Copernicus University during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Siedlecki Zygmunt , Nowak Karol , Śniegocki Maciej
Published: February 2021

We present a short article on the actual state of education and didactics in the Department of Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic disrupted the education of students in the 2019/2020 and 2020/2020 academic years. From March 2020, there are no traditional classes with students and they have been deprived the possibility of patients examining and participating in surgical procedures. Only on-line classes are conducted by the use of Microsoft Teams and by e-mail contact. We emphasize that this is unprecedented situation in history of clinical medicine education. We also affirm difficulty of surgical medical specializations training by e-learning. Due to the practical nature of neurosurgery, we provide numerous neuroimaging and videos of surgical procedures using Microsoft Teams. The effects of on-line education of surgical sciences, including neurosurgery, can be assessed after a longer period of time. Currently, in the new reality that surprised unexpectedly medical academics in 2020, we are unable to interpret it.
Sensory Integration as One of the Methods in Physical Therapy for Pre-School Age Children
Authors: Dąbrowska Maria Magdalena , Lisiecki Jakub , Biernacki Maciej , Paruszewska-Achtel Monika
Published: February 2021

Sensory Integration (SI) is one of the therapeutic methods created and described by J. Ayres in 1972. In Poland, for a few years, more and more specialists, also rehabilitators, have followed this concept in their work.  SI is a subconscious process, whereby the ordering and assignment of meaning to information acquired by the senses takes place. The three principal senses, which Ayres described are: the sense of touch, proprioception, and the vestibular system.
The latest research on risk factors and pathomechanisms of depression – review
Authors: Kozyra Magdalena , Nowińska Martyna , Klas Jakub , Pytka Michalina , Łopuszańska Urszula
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Depression is a mental disorder that is increasingly being diagnosed in middle and more developed countries (MDC). Symptoms of depression in patients with severe depressive disorder (MDD) include sadness, regret, negative thoughts, anxiety, and more.The aim of the study: The aim of the study was to summarize the latest research (from 2020) on factors related to the occurrence of depression, as well as the current findings on depression (also those related to the COVID-19 pandemic).Material and method: For this purpose, scientific search engines such as PubMed and Google Scholar were used.Description of the state of knowledge: In 2020, apart from research on pathomechanisms and environmental factors, a large part of the research focused on the COVID-19 pandemic as a risk factor for the development of depression symptoms. Many studies from different parts of the world have confirmed that a pandemic can have a significant impact on the occurrence of depression.Summary: There are many factors that can cause depression and it is important to keep them in mind both in everyday life and in clinical practice. Studies from various parts of the world have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the experience of depressive symptoms, also in those who have not yet been diagnosed with MDD. The degree of severity of depressive symptoms depended on such factors as: financial situation, social isolation.
The influence of wearing masks and gloves due to COVID-19 pandemic on skin problems and skin care in students of Medical University in Lublin
Authors: Jaremek Aleksandra , Chodun Wiktoria , Piechnik Justyna , Nieradko-Iwanicka Barbara
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Our everyday life has changed drastically in these few months. The arrival of the new 2019-nCoV virus in December 2019 and its rapid spread from the city of Wuhan, China, has highlighted the increase in personal protective equipment (PPE).The aim of the study was to to learn about   the influence of wearing masks and gloves due to COVID-19 pandemic on skin problems and skin care in students of Medical University in Lublin.Material and methods. In October 2020, we conducted a survey with use of a questionnaire.Results. A total of 59 persons completed the questionnaire. Only one person reported not wearing the mask as recommended. For 54% of participants, wearing a mask had an impact on the occurrence of skin problems, such as acne. A similar number of respondents answered positively to the question about the influence of masks on their makeup. These people used to wear much less makeup. Most of them only paint the eyes because the material is covering the mouth. More than half of the respondents do not wear gloves, they wash or disinfect hands. In 61% of respondents, there was no problems with hand  skin or nails, such as brittleness, mycosis, discoloration, allergic dermatitis or contact dermatitis. The vast majority cared more about moisturizing the skin of the hands.Conclusion. Wearing masks by students of Medical University of Lublin increases skin problems like acne and reduces the amount of makeup applied. Due to wearing gloves students focus more on moisturizing the skin.
Physiotherapeutic recommendations for patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Oliwko Elżbieta , Babuśka-Roczniak Magdalena , Wojtanowska-Kaczka Magdalena , Lyubinets Oleh , Roczniak Wojciech
Published: February 2021

Cystic fibrosis is a genetically determined disease. The development of medicine has resulted in an improvement and prolongation of life. Numerous scientific studies support the thesis that maintaining physical performance is a key element of complex treatment. The basis of treatment should be: parallel pharmacological treatment and physiotherapeutic. The aim of this work was to present the physiotherapeutic techniques used in this disease. The main methods of physiotherapeutic treatment include positional drainage, forced exhalation technique, active breathing cycle technique, autogenous drainage, variable bronchial pressure technique and increased respiratory pressure technique. Physiotherapy of the respiratory system is of major importance, the main aim of which is to prevent the deterioration of the already existing respiratory failure. Each of the presented methods of physiotherapy was created thanks to constant search for the perfect technique to cleanse the bronchial tree. This disease has a different clinical course and each technique should be adapted to the individual needs of the patient and the basis of effective therapy is systematic, daily cleansing of the bronchial mucus from the bronchial tree. Physiotherapy applied earlyIn the thoracic region, it is the treatment of choice for patients with cystic fibrosis, improves the quality of life and prolongs the patient's age. Conclusions:1. There is no effective, causal treatment for cystic fibrosis, and drug treatment comes down to treating complications and often has side effects.2. Comprehensive physiotherapy is the golden mean in the treatment of cystic fibrosis and significantly prolongs the life of patients.3. The effectiveness of physiotherapy depends on the time of commencement, regularity and personalization of treatments.
Comparison of expenditure of using experimental models of carcinogenesis
Authors: Savytskyi I. V. , Ershova L. A. , Moiseieva G. , Yermuraki P.
Published: February 2021

Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of oncopathology, the main epidemic indicators have a negative trend.Based on the above, a very relevant topic is the development of experimental models of carcinogenesis. The importance of scientific work in this area is increasing because in experimental conditions it is better to test new methods, diagnostics and treatment. Thus, it becomes possible to study the peculiarities of the pathogenesis of any tumor at different stages.The purpose of the work – to study and demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of the main experimental models of carcinogenesis for further selection of the most appropriate.Results The main directions of carcinogenesis modeling are presented in the article. Initially, the problem was justified. The next step is described in chronological order of using the models.Of course, the achievements of clinical and experimental oncology played an important role in the emergence of models. Thus, the first model was the effect of physical and chemical carcinogens on a laboratory animal. The latest achievement of experimental oncology is the use of stem cells in combination with genetic engineering.No less important is the fact of comparing experimental models. We present the strengths and weaknesses of all these models.Conclusions1. To date, there are a large number of experimental models of carcinogenesis.2. When planning a study, you need to calculate all the goals to be achieved and select the appropriate model.3. The most effective and common model for ascites ovarian tumor is the transplantation of atypical cells to laboratory animals.
Cell reactions of inflammation focus in carrageenan secondary chronic inflammation on the background of substance P blockade
Authors: Shevchenko O. M. , Sych V. O.
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the features of cellular reactions of the inflammatory focus in carrageenan secondary chronic inflammation against the background of blockade of substance P. Experimental prospective controlled randomized study was performed on 132 WAG rats in series of 6 animals in each series: in control and for 6 hours; 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 days in the conditions of the natural course of carrageenan inflammation and with the use of a pharmacological preparation, aprepitant – an inhibitor of NK-1 receptors. During the observation period of 6 hours to 3 days, neutrophilic, basophilic and eosinophilic leukocytes accumulate (phase of exudation of the inflammatory process). Peaks of neutrophils and basophils occur on day 2 (neutrophils – in the central parts of the inflammatory focus, basophils – in both areas, in the center and on the periphery) with a small predominance of the number of cells in the peripheral parts. The peak number of eosinophils occurs on day 1 and with a slight decrease on day 2 with their predominant location in peripheral areas. From 3–5 days the cellular composition of the infiltrate was characterized by a predominance of lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, tissue basophils, cells of the fibroblastic series, which during blockade of substance P in a single amount appear for 2 days, predominate in peripheral areas (phases of proliferation and organization).
Influence of thyroid hormones and drag for anesthesia on homeostasis of the humoral pert of the immune system and Red-OX system in the rat’s body
Authors: Klishch I. M. , Yakymchuk O. M. , Boychuk A. V.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The increase in the prevalence of hyperthyroidism justifies the feasibility of experimental studies to study the mechanisms of thyroid hormones on a number of metabolic processes and homeostasis in euthyroidism and hyperthyroidism in the experiment and increases against the background of preoperative stress.The aim of the study: to find out the peculiarities of the reaction of the immune system and free radical processes of experimental animals under conditions of simulated hyperthyroidism to the action of various drugs for anesthesia.Research methods. To simulate the state of hyperthyroidism, rats received L-thyroxine for 21 days. The effect of euthyroidism and hyperthyroidism on the level of homeostasis of the humoral part of the immune system and free radicals on the introduction of sodium thiopental and dexmedetomidine in the experiment compared.Results and discussion. In the blood plasma of animals with experimental hyperthyroidism, changes in the level of the humoral part of the immune system and free radicals were observed under the influence of sodium thiopental and dexmedetomidine hydrochloride under conditions of hyper- and euthyroidism.Conclusions. Activation of metabolic processes of the thyroid gland affects the universal defense systems of the body, which is especially evident in conditions of operational and perioperative stress by disruption of homeostasis of the immune system and the activity of free radicals.
Correlation of protein content and other nutritions in human diet
Authors: Yermishev O. V. , Rudkevych A. K. , Luka O. S.
Published: February 2021

To identify correlations between protein content and other components of the diet we evaluated the actual diet using method of analyzing frequency of food consumption (for two months) of 68 persons of different ages and genders.The results of our studies revealed the ratio of protein and energy in the actual diets of the surveyed respondents which was a fairly stable value ranging from 3.03 ± 0.07 g/kcal in respondents aged 46 to 65 years to 3.75 ± 0.09 g/kcal in the group surveyed individuals aged 11 to 14 years.Due to the fact that in the age group of 15 to 23 years 48 % of the respondents were found to be deficient in protein and energy below the approved standards, further correlation analysis of the content of protein and other nutrients in the diet was performed in this group. The respondents of this group were divided into 6 experimental groups according to the content of protein and energy in the diet.Our studies revealed strong positive correlations between protein and energy content and protein and fats content in the diet with average correlation coefficients of 0.66 and 0.46, respectively, and a low correlation between protein and carbohydrates content, the correlation coefficient was 0.16.Analysis of the structure of the actual diet revealed strong positive correlations of protein with B6 and B12 vitamins of the diet and lack of correlation with vitamins A and C in all the experimental groups.When analyzing correlations between content of protein and mineral elements of the diet we revealed strong positive correlations with an average correlation coefficient of 0.65 between protein and phosphorus and 0.36 between protein and sodium (0.36) as well as weak correlations with potassium, calcium and magnesium with correlation coefficients of 0.3, 0.25, and 0.22, respectively.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with adrenal incidentalomas in the differential diagnosis of subclinical hypercortisolism
Authors: Tretyak O.
Published: February 2021

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with adrenal incidentalomas in the differential diagnosis of subclinical hypercortisolism. O. E. Tretyak.Purpose. Determination of the prevalence of subclinical Cushing's syndrome among patients with adrenal incidentalomas; determination of the diagnostic consideration of clinical and laboratory parameters used for the diagnosis of endogenous subclinical hypercortisolism.Methods. Retrospective analysis of data from 310 patients, who underwent a surgery for unilateral/bilateral adrenal masses. A comparative analysis of the two groups was carried out; the groups were divided based on the results of postoperative pathohistological study. Group 1 included 244 patients with hormonally active masses - adenomas (210), PBMAH (31), PPNAD (3); Group 2 included 66 patients with inactive masses. There were assessed the prevalence of hypertension, DM 2, overweight and the results of laboratory studies of the cortisol level after dexamethasone suppressive test, ACTH, and daily urine-free cortisol excretion.Results. Patients with hormonally active masses are older (mean age is 52.7 years); 68.4% of patients in group 1 haveAH, 27% haveDM2 (group 2, respectively, 36.4% and 13.6%). There are no differences between groups as to the presence of overweight and obesity. 22.5% of patients of group 1 were confirmed to havePA, in most cases against the background of bilateral masses. The parameter of cortisol after DST has the best diagnostic consideration – sensitivity 90.2%, specificity 74% at a cut-off point level of 1.7 μcg/dL; for ACTH <10 pg/mL, the sensitivity is 71.4% and the specificity is 92.6%. Daily cortisol urine-free excretion has the third most significant diagnostic consideration (sensitivity 71.4%, specificity 81.8%, COP 238 mg/24 h.), which limits the application of this parameter for the confirmation of high levels of cortisol in patients with incidentalomas. Cases of bilateral adrenal hyperplasia should be considered as a probable variant of PBMAH syndrome, requiring further laboratory testing for PA.
Literature and theatre as support for a healthy and ill child
Authors: Kowalewski Michał
Published: February 2021

This text aims to draw the attention to the possibilities of supporting the development process of children in preschool and early school age, through bibliotherapy and participation in theatre classes, based on a review of selected literature.The author's intention was to point out the differences in the experience of literature or participation in the creation of theatre by a healthy child and a child with an illness. Common to all children is the relatively late separation of the real world from the world of fantasy, created and developed by children's imaginations.It is also important to indicate the role of theatre, which is primarily to stimulate development, awakening cognitive passions, opening to new experiences of a young person, and additionally allows ill children to forget about everyday life, marked by suffering.
Relation between paranasal sinuses and surrounding bone tissue
Authors: Shumynskyi Ievgen V. , Kopchak Andrey V.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The formation and increase in volume of the paranasal sinuses occurs during the growth and development of the facial skull. Pneumatization of the sinuses and bone architectonics can have the variability. Understanding of the midfacial bones architectonics is a key to successes in osteosynthesis, reconstructive, orthognathic surgery, dental and maxillofacial implantation.The aim. Study the individual features of the normal anatomical structure and architectonics of the midfacial bones and to develop the objective criteria for assessing the relationship between bone elements and airways using methods of computed tomography.Materials and methods. 30 patients spiral computed tomograms with no signs of pathology were analyzed. Relations between volume and surface of the bony elements and airways, the ratio between the volume of bone and air cavities pneumatization index (PI) were determined.Results. PI ranged from 0.8 to 1.9 and averaged 1.22 ± 0.29. Range from 0.9 to 1.5 was considered a normal ratio. Index values exceeding 1.5 indicated a sclerotic type of the midfacial bone structure, and less than 0.9 indicated a pneumatic type.Conclusions. The anatomical structure, architectonics of the midfacial bones and the degree of their pneumatization are characterized by significant individual variability. For an objective integrated assessment of the bone architectonics of the midfacial area the ratio of the bone volume to the volume of the airways (PI) and the volume of bone to its surface area can be used.
The role of physical activity in the proper development of a child in preschool age
Authors: Kowalewski Michał
Published: February 2021

This article aims to pay special attention to the role of physical activity in the proper development of a preschool child, both physically, mentally and socially. It emphasizes the special role of motor games in shaping motor skills, also needed at the next stage of education, at school, as well as the appropriate preparation of teachers to conduct motor activities in preschool education.
Peculiarities of the functional state of the pituitary-gonadal system of the neuroendocrinal regulation in adolescent girl swith auto immune hepatitis
Authors: Chaykivska E. F. , Dyadyushko N. M.
Published: February 2021

Girls and women make up 75% of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The peak incidence of AIH occurs in childhood, when the disease is called juvenile AIH. The objective: to determine the features of the functional state of the pituitary-gonadal system of neuroendocrine regulation in adolescent girls with AIH. Material and methods. During 2010-2020, 66 girls of the main group AIH, patients with AIH, and 180 conditionally somatically and gynecologically healthy girls of the control group K at the age of 12-17 years were under observation. Comprehensive examination included history taking, assessment of sexual development, clinical and biochemical blood tests, determination of autoantibodies, markers of viral hepatitis, ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity, liver biopsy (in main group). Peripheral serum hormone levels were determined in certain age groups (12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 years): luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), free testosterone (fT). Results. Against the background of disorders of morphofunctional properties of the liver in 12-, 13-, 14- 15-, 16- and 17-year-old girls with AIH noted a significant decrease in the score of sexual development in all age groups compared to the same indicator in the relevant age control groups: 3.21 ± 0.40 vs. 4.94 ± 0.37, 3.46 ± 1.00 vs. 7.91 ± 0.58, 7.03 ± 1.44 vs. 11.08 ± 0.25, 7.80 ± 0.65 vs. 11.86, 10.65 ± 0.79 vs. 11.98 points. The average total level of LH in the Group AIHwas 3.77 ± 0.25 against 4.46 ± 0.10 mIU / ml in group K (p<0.01), FSH – 3.16 ± 0.12 against 4.01 ± 0.08 mIU / ml (p<0.01), PRL– 198.92 ± 6.96 vs. 282.93 ± 8.36 μIU / ml (p<0.01), E2– 124,15 ± 2.39 vs. 437.45 ± 9.59 pmol / ml (p<0.01), P4– 1.49 ± 0.09 vs. 2.78 ± 0.08 nmol / ml (p<0.01 ), fT– 1.96 ± 0.10 vs. 1.16 ± 0.04 nmol / l (p<0.01), TSH – 1.98 ± 0.05 vs. 2.15 ± 0.05 μIU / ml (p<0.03), fT3– 3.50 ± 0.06 vs. 5.46 ± 0.07 pmol / l (p<0.01), fT4– 12.54 ± 0.44 vs. 18.55 ± 0.20 pmol / l (p<0.01). Conclusions. In adolescent girls with AIH on the background of disorders of morphofunctional properties of the liver there is a delayed start of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system and suppression of hormone-producing function of the pituitary-gonadal link of the neuroendocrine system.