bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Support for living well with long‐term conditions: How people manage
Authors: Budge Claire , Taylor Melanie , Curtis Chrystal
Published: November 2020

Aims and objectives

To explore how people self‐manage their long‐term conditions and the support enabling them to do so.

Background

People with long‐term conditions are required to engage in daily self‐management with the support of health practitioners, family and friends.

Design

A qualitative interview study.

Methods

Thirty‐two New Zealand European and Pacific people with long‐term conditions were interviewed about how they manage their condition/s at home with support from family, neighbours, agencies and general practice doctors and nurses. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, checked and analysed for thematic content. The COREQ checklist was used.

Results

Three themes emerging from the data were as follows: ‘acceptance’ of conditions, limitations, support and advice; ‘making it work’ regarding life with long‐term conditions; and the need for health practitioners to ‘work alongside me’.

Conclusions

People with long‐term conditions struggle with acceptance of a diagnosis and symptoms, and acceptance of help which conflicts with their need to maintain independence and personal control. They self‐manage every day, learning to plan, choose what and what not to do and negotiate with others to get tasks done and maintain quality of life. They manage better with support from understanding health practitioners, especially advanced nurses, with whom they have established a positive, sustained relationship.

Relevance to clinical practice

Active support for people to self‐manage has been shown to assist people to achieve their goals and improve overall health and well‐being. Nurses are well positioned to provide self‐management support for people with long‐term conditions but require allocated time and system changes to enable this. Practitioners need to acknowledge that it is difficult for people to accept diagnoses and symptoms and provide individualised support for this process. The desire to remain independent may limit acceptance of help, making it harder for people to maintain life quality. A change in length and content of consultations is required in order for practitioners to really get to know people and provide the self‐management support they need to meet their goals.
Long‐Term Physical Health Consequences of Financial and Marital Stress in Middle‐Aged Couples
Authors: Lee Seonhwa , Wickrama Kandauda K. A. S. , Lee Tae Kyoung , O'Neal Catherine Walker
Published: November 2020

Objective

To examine psychological health as a mechanism linking economic pressure and marital instability in the early middle years to poor physical health in later life.

Background

Although previous research suggests that sustained stressful marital experience may lead to mental and physical health problems, little is known about how contextual factors, such as economic pressure, impact marital outcomes, and how changes in marital attributes influence health outcomes in a longitudinal and dyadic context.

Method

Utilizing an actor‐partner interdependence model within a latent growth curve approach and prospective data from couples in enduring marriages, we examined the associations between family economic pressure, marital instability, and mental health over their early middle years (1989–1994) and subsequent physical health in later adulthood (2015). Analyses assessed a couple‐level pathway and an individual pathway involving within‐spouse and between‐spouse effects.

Results

During the middle years, family financial difficulties were linked to reduced marital stability, which was associated with increased mental health challenges. The findings also reinforced the salient role of psychological distress for subsequent physical health outcomes as husbands' and wives' anxiety symptoms over their early middle years contributed to declines in their physical health outcomes in later adulthood. A partner effect was noted between husbands' anxiety and wives' physical health.

Conclusion

For couples, experiences of financial and marital stress in their early middle years can have long‐lasting detrimental impacts on their physical health in later adulthood.
Influence of Screw Channel Angulation on the Fracture Resistance of Zirconia Abutments: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Garcia‐Hammaker Sabrina , Saglik Berna , Sierraalta Marianella , Razzoog Michael
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of implant screw channel angulation on the fracture resistance of zirconia abutments without artificial aging.

Materials and Methods

Ten implant replicas were embedded in a jig of autopolymerizing acrylic resin. Using a surveyor and a metallic platform, the implant replicas were mounted centrally and with an angulation of 30°. A maxillary left central incisor crown was fabricated from pattern resin and scanned. The digital design of a monolithic zirconia implant abutment‐crown was completed using a 3D imaging software. For all specimens of this group (ASC25), the screw channel was positioned at 25° to the lingual. Following fabrication, the samples were attached onto the embedded implant replicas and manually torqued to 35 Ncm as recommended by the manufacturer. The monolithic zirconia implant abutment‐crowns were mounted in a metallic platform, positioned perpendicular to the indenter, and subjected to loading until failure. Crosshead speed was set at 0.5 mm/min for the universal testing machine. Data from a similar in vitro study where straight zirconia custom abutments (ASC0) were subjected to static load until failure was used as a control group. An unpaired Student's t‐test was used to determine if fracture resistance based on load at failure and maximum load in each group were significantly different from each other (ASC25 vs ASC0). Statistical significance level was inferred at p ≤ 0.05

Results

Group ASC25 fractured at a mean (SD) load of 215.49 (47.10) N and a mean (SD) maximum load of 420.50 (17.18) N. Group ASC0 fractured at a mean (SD) load of 534.04 (133.77) N and a mean (SD) maximum load of 762.69 (109.59) N. The difference was statistically significant for both mean load and mean maximum load at failure (p ≤ 0.05). The survival rate of 0° zirconia abutments was significantly higher than that of 25° ASC zirconia abutments.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this in vitro study the mean fracture load was significantly higher in the group with a straight channel angulation.
Feasibility and accuracy of cord blood sampling for admission laboratory investigations: A pilot trial
Authors: Medeiros Poliana De B , Stark Michael , Long Miriam , Allen Elizabeth , Grace Erin , Andersen Chad
Published: November 2020

Aim

Phlebotomy losses greatly contribute to anaemia following preterm birth. Therefore, the possibility of drawing initial tests from the placenta seems attractive. There is a lack of literature regarding the feasibility and accuracy of pathology tests taken from umbilical arterial and venous (UAB/UVB) compared to blood collected from the newborn.

Methods

UAB and UVB complete blood pictures were compared with the initial neonatal blood test. The relationship between UAB, UVB and neonatal complete blood picture values was determined by Spearman's Rho correlation with absolute values compared by Kruskal‐Wallis. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Neonatal haemoglobin, white cell count, immature/total ratio and platelets were significantly correlated to the corresponding values in the UAB and UVB (all P < 0.001). While UAB and UVB haemoglobin and white cell count were similar, both were significantly lower than the neonatal values (P < 0.001 and P = 0.014, respectively). No difference was seen for immature/total ratio and platelet concentrations. UVB blood culture (BC) was feasible (90%), even with delayed cord clamping, and the UVB BC volume was significantly higher (P < 0.001), with a low rate of BC contamination (1.5%).

Conclusions

Our findings support the feasibility and accuracy of umbilical blood in place of blood collected from the newborn. This reduces the phlebotomy losses and allows higher blood volume collection which may increase the sensitivity of BC collection.
Equine‐assisted activities and therapies in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Pérez‐Gómez Jorge , Amigo‐Gamero Helena , Collado‐Mateo Daniel , Barrios‐Fernandez Sabina , Muñoz‐Bermejo Laura , Garcia‐Gordillo Miguel Ángel , Carlos‐Vivas Jorge , Adsuar José Carmelo
Published: November 2020

Accessible Summary

What is known on the subject?

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by problems of inattention and impulsive hyperactivity in children. Equine‐assisted activities and therapies (EAATs) have been used as alternative non‐pharmacological intervention option in patients with ADHD.

What does this paper adds to existing knowledge?

Nowadays, more studies of high methodological quality are needed to determine whether EAAT is an effective intervention for the treatment in children with ADHD.

What are the implications for practice?

Between 15 and 40 min of rising horses, 8–32 total sessions, for 4–32 weeks, seem to be beneficial to reduce the symptoms of ADHD.

Introduction

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder characterized by problems of inattention and impulsive hyperactivity. Equine‐assisted activities and therapies (EAATs) have become an emerging non‐pharmacological intervention option in patients with ADHD.

Aim

To perform a systematic review of updated literature about EAAT in children with ADHD.

Method

A systematic review was performed until 28 November 2019, in four electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) intervention programme, with pre‐ and post‐data, based on EAAT, (b) children with ADHD and (c) articles written in English.

Results

A total of 9 articles were found that meet the inclusion criteria. The evidence level was C for 7 studies and B for 2 studies. The level of conclusion was 3.

Discussion

There are few studies with high methodological quality, and there is a high heterogeneity in the variables included, what make that the level of evidence and conclusion are low.

Conclusion

There is no account with enough studies of high methodological quality to determine whether EAAT is an effective intervention for the treatment in children with ADHD.
Aetiology, practice patterns and burden ofend‐stagekidney disease in South Asia andSouth‐EastAsia: A questionnaire‐based survey
Authors: Sahay Manisha , Jasuja Sanjiv , Tang Sydney Chi Wai , Alexander Suceena , Jha Vivekanand , Vachharajani Tushar , Mostafi Mamun , Pisharam Jayakrishnan K. , Jacob Chakko , Gunawan Atma , Bak Leong Goh , Thwin Khin Thida , Agrawal Rajendra Kumar , Vareesangthip Kriengsak , Tanchanco Roberto , Choong Lina , Herath Chula , Lin Chih‐Ching , Cuong Nguyen The , Haian Ha Phan , Akhtar Syed Fazal , Alsahow Ali , Rana Devinder S. , Rajapurkar Mohan M. , Kher Vijay , Verma Shalini , Ramachandran Raja , Bhargava Vinant , Puri Sonika , Sagar Gaurav , Bahl Anupam , Mandal Sandeep , Gupta Ashwani , Gallieni Maurizio
Published: November 2020

Aim

There is paucity of data on the epidemiology of end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) from South Asia and South‐East Asia. The objective of this study was to assess the aetiology, practice patterns and disease burden and growth of ESKD in the region comparing the economies.

Methods

The national nephrology societies of the region; responded to the questionnaire; based on latest registries, acceptable community‐based studies and society perceptions. The countries in the region were classified into Group 1 (High|higher‐middle‐income) and Group 2 (lower|lowermiddle income). Studentt‐test, Mann‐WhitneyUtest and Fisher's exact test were used for comparison.

Results

Fifteen countries provided the data. The average incidence of ESKD was estimated at 226.7 per million population (pmp), (Group 1 vs. Group 2, 305.8 vs. 167.8 pmp) and average prevalence at 940.8 pmp (Group 1 vs. Group 2, 1306 vs. 321 pmp). Group 1 countries had a higher incidence and prevalence of ESKD. Diabetes, hypertension and chronic glomerulonephritis were most common causes. The mean age in Group 2 was lower by a decade (Group 1 vs. Group 2—59.45 vs 47.7 years).

Conclusion

Haemodialysis was the most common kidney replacement therapy in both groups and conservative management of ESKD was the second commonest available treatment option within Group 2. The disease burden was expected to grow >20% in 50% of Group 1 countries and 78% of Group 2 countries along with the parallel growth in haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
Influence of rural labor migration behavior on the transfer of forestland
Authors: Xiao Hui , Ning Caiwang , Xie Fangting , Kang Xiaolan , Zhu Shubin
Published: November 2020

This study analyzes the influence mechanism of migration on farmers' forestland transfer behavior by using instrumental variable‐Probit and instrumental variable‐Tobit models based on survey data of 505 households in 50 villages in 10 sample counties in Jiangxi Province. The results show that the farmers' willingness to transfer forestland is generally not high, but there is a great difference in the influence of intra‐county migration and outside‐of‐county migration on the transfer behavior of farmers. Outside‐of‐county migration promotes the renting out of forestland and inhibits renting it in, whereas intra‐county migration does not affect either. In addition, households' human capital, forestland resource endowments, policy systems, and locational environment factors all have different degrees of influence on farmers' transfer behavior. According to the analysis, improving rural laborers' job skills through training can deepen the reform of collective forestland.

Recommendations for Resource Managers

This study uses econometric models to reflect the influence of intra‐county migration and outside‐of‐county migration on households' forestland transfer and provides a foundation for the sustainable development of forestland.

The factors affecting the renting in or out of forestland strongly differ according to intra‐ and outside‐of‐county migration.

Outside‐of‐county migration promotes the renting out of forestland and inhibits renting it in, whereas intra‐county migration does not affect either.

To encourage forestland transfer and achieve sustainable forest development, managers should concentrate on improving the rural laborers' job skills through training, continuing the reform of collective forestland, and coordinating the relationship between farmers and forestland.
Discovering Specific Common Trends in a Large Set of Disaggregates: Statistical Procedures, their Properties and an Empirical Application*
Authors: Carlomagno Guillermo , Espasa Antoni
Published: November 2020

Macroeconomic variables are weighted averages of a large number of components. Our objective is to model and forecast all of theNcomponents of a macro variable. The main feature of our proposal consists of discovering subsets of components that share single common trends while neither assuming pervasiveness nor imposing special restrictions on the serial or cross‐sectional idiosyncratic correlation. We adopt a pairwise approach and study its statistical properties. Our asymptotic theory works both with fixedNandT→∞ and with [T,N]→∞. We show that the pairwise approach can be implemented using three alternative strategies, which take into account alternative characteristics of the data generating process. The paper includes an application to the US CPI broken down into 159 components.
Directive Content
Authors: Butlin Patrick
Published: November 2020

Representations may have descriptive content, directive content, or both, but little explicit attention has been given to the problem of distinguishing representations of these three kinds. We do not know, for instance, what determines whether a given representation is a directive instructing its consumer to perform some action or has descriptive content to the effect that the action in question has a certain value. This paper considers what it takes for a representation to have directive content. The first part of the paper presents the Liberal View, which might be taken to be the default position on this issue. The Liberal View has some attractions, but as the second part shows, these are less conclusive than they might at first appear, and there is much to be said for an alternative, the Strict View.
The anatomic distribution of isolated and syndrome‐associated port‐wine stain
Authors: Elias Anna J. , Hand Jennifer L. , Tollefson Megha M. , Davis Dawn Marie R.
Published: November 2020

Background/Objectives

To determine the role of sex in port‐wine stain (PWS) distribution and describe the epidemiologic and anatomic differences between syndrome‐associated and non‐syndrome‐associated PWS using modern criteria.

Methods

A retrospective review of PWS patients aged 18 years and younger from 1995 to 2018 seen in the Department of Dermatology at an academic tertiary referral center. Cases were reviewed for sex, anatomic location, and presence of associated syndrome. 4,527 records were reviewed on the basis of ICD billing codes for congenital vascular malformations, with 516 meeting inclusion criteria.

Results

516 patients were included in the analysis: 234 (45.4%) men and 282 (54.6%) women. A female preponderance of Sturge‐Weber syndrome (18 of 23, 78%, P = .03) and a trend toward more female‐isolated PWS (149 of 269, 55%, P = .72) were found. No lateral predominance observed for isolated PWS was found: 112(41.6%) limited left‐side lesions and 113(42%) limited right‐side lesions (P = .41). A trend toward Klippel‐Trenaunay syndrome (KTS)‐associated PWS occurring more commonly isolated to the left side (76 (45.5%) vs 59 (35.12%) P = .29) was found. Nine percent of SWS patients had a PWS on the body. Five percent of KTS patients had a facial PWS. The lower limb was the most common location overall of body PWS with 33.8% of isolated PWS and 81.5% of KTS patients having a lower limb lesion.

Conclusions

Female children were more likely to be diagnosed with SWS, and a trend toward more isolated PWS in women was found. No lateral predominance of isolated PWS was found, but KTS‐associated PWS was more common on the left. A considerable proportion of lesions do not appear in anatomic locations traditionally considered typical in the setting of associated syndromes, which underscores the importance of conducting a complete physical examination and adhering to diagnostic criteria for those syndromes.
The ERP, frequency, and time–frequency correlates of feedback processing: Insights from a large sample study
Authors: Williams Chad C. , Ferguson Thomas D. , Hassall Cameron D. , Abimbola Wande , Krigolson Olave E.
Published: November 2020

Human learning, at least in part, appears to be dependent on the evaluation of how outcomes of our actions align with our expectations. Over the past 23 years, electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to probe the neural signatures of feedback processing. Seminal work demonstrated a difference in the human event‐related potential (ERP) dependent on whether people were processing correct or incorrect feedback. Since then, these feedback evoked ERPs have been associated with reinforcement learning and conflict monitoring, tied to subsequent behavioral adaptations, and shown to be sensitive to a wide range of factors (e.g., Parkinson's disease). Recently, research has turned to frequency decomposition techniques to examine how changes in the EEG power spectra are related to underlying learning mechanisms. Although the literature on the neural correlates of feedback processing is vast, there are still methodological discrepancies and differences in results across studies. Here, we provide reference results and an investigation of methodological considerations for the ERP (reward positivity) and frequency (delta and theta power) correlates of feedback evaluation with a large sample size. Specifically, participants (n = 500) performed a two‐armed bandit task while we recorded EEG. Our findings provide key information about the data characteristics and relationships that exist between the neural signatures of feedback evaluation. Additionally, we conclude with selected methodological recommendations for standardization of future research. All data and scripts are freely provided to facilitate open science.
Statistics for Gaussian random fields with unknown location and scale using Lipschitz‐Killing curvatures
Authors: Di Bernardino Elena , Duval Céline
Published: November 2020

In the present article we study the average of Lipschitz‐Killing (LK) curvatures of the excursion set of a stationary isotropic Gaussian field X on . The novelty is that the field can be nonstandard, that is, with unknown mean and variance, which is more realistic from an applied viewpoint. To cope with the unknown location and scale parameters of X, we introduce novel fundamental quantities called effective level and effective spectral moment. We propose unbiased and asymptotically normal estimators of these parameters. From these asymptotic results, we build a test to determine if two images of excursion sets can be compared. This test is applied on both synthesized and real mammograms. Meanwhile, we establish the consistency of the empirical variance estimators of the third LK curvature under a weak condition on the correlation function of X.
Multivariate conditional transformation models
Authors: Klein Nadja , Hothorn Torsten , Barbanti Luisa , Kneib Thomas
Published: November 2020

Regression models describing the joint distribution of multivariate responses conditional on covariate information have become an important aspect of contemporary regression analysis. However, a limitation of such models are the rather simplistic assumptions often made, for example, a constant dependence structure not varying with covariates or the restriction to linear dependence between the responses. We propose a general framework for multivariate conditional transformation models that overcomes these limitations and describes the entire distribution in a tractable and interpretable yet flexible way conditional on nonlinear effects of covariates. The framework can be embedded into likelihood‐based inference, including results on asymptotic normality, and allows the dependence structure to vary with covariates. In addition, it scales well‐beyond bivariate response situations, which were the main focus of most earlier investigations. We illustrate the benefits in a trivariate analysis of childhood undernutrition and demonstrate empirically that complex truly multivariate data‐generating processes can be inferred from observations.
A transporter for delivering zinc to the developing tiller bud and panicle in rice
Authors: Mu Shuai , Yamaji Naoki , Sasaki Akimasa , Luo Le , Du Binbin , Che Jing , Shi Huichao , Zhao Haoqiang , Huang Sheng , Deng Fenglin , Shen Zhenguo , Guerinot Mary Lou , Zheng Luqing , Ma Jian Feng
Published: November 2020

Tiller number is one of the most important agronomic traits that determine rice (Oryza sativa) yield. Active growth of tiller bud (TB) requires high amount of mineral nutrients; however, the mechanism underlying the distribution of mineral nutrients to TB with low transpiration is unknown. Here, we found that the distribution of Zn to TB is mediated by OsZIP4, one of the ZIP (ZRT, IRT‐like protein) family members. The expression of OsZIP4 was highly detected in TB and nodes, and was induced by Zn deficiency. Immunostaining analysis revealed that OsZIP4 was mainly expressed in phloem of diffuse vascular bundles in the nodes and the axillary meristem. The mutation of OsZIP4 did not affect the total Zn uptake, but altered Zn distribution; less Zn was delivered to TB and new leaf, but more Zn was retained in the basal stems at the vegetative growth stage. Bioimaging analysis showed that the mutant aberrantly accumulated Zn in enlarged and transit vascular bundles of the basal node, whereas in wild‐type high accumulation of Zn was observed in the meristem part. At the reproductive stage, mutation of OsZIP4 resulted in delayed panicle development, which is associated with decreased Zn distribution to the panicles. Collectively, OsZIP4 is involved in transporting Zn to the phloem of diffuse vascular bundles in the nodes for subsequent distribution to TBs and other developing tissues. It also plays a role in transporting Zn to meristem cells in the TBs.
Fecal blood loss: A quantitative method of evaluating hemostasis in patients with thrombocytopenia
Authors: Slichter Sherrill J. , Gernsheimer Terry , LeBlanc Renee , Townsend‐McCall Dee , Jones Mary Kay , Cuaron Linda , Bolgiano Doug
Published: November 2020

Background

The purpose of our studies was to determine if fecal blood loss can provide a quantitative measure of bleeding at platelet counts of 20 000/μL or less in patients with hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia and to document the effects of different prophylactic platelet transfusion triggers on fecal blood loss.

Methods and Materials

Patients had an aliquot of their autologous red blood cells (RBCs) labeled with 51Cr. Following reinjection of their radiolabeled RBCs, all feces and a daily blood sample were collected to determine fecal blood loss per day. Three different studies were performed in patients with thrombocytopenia: The first was in patients with thrombocytopenia with aplastic anemia who were not receiving platelet transfusions, and the other two trials involved thrombocytopenic patients with cancer who were receiving prophylactic platelet transfusions at platelet transfusion triggers of 5000/μL, 10 000/μL, or 20 000/μL.

Results

In patients with thrombocytopenia not receiving platelet transfusions, fecal blood loss does not increase substantially until platelet counts are 5000/μL or less. When platelet transfusions are given prophylactically to patients with cancer with chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia at platelet counts of 5000/μL or less, fecal blood loss and red cell transfusion requirements are the same as those for patients transfused prophylactically at higher transfusion triggers of 10 000 platelets/μL or 20 000 platelets/μL. However, the total number of platelet transfusions needed increases significantly, and the duration of the patient's thrombocytopenia tends to be longer at the higher platelet transfusion thresholds.

Conclusion

A prophylactic platelet transfusion threshold of 5000/μL or greater is sufficient to maintain hemostasis in patients with thrombocytopenia.
Minor impact of patient alloantibodies against human platelet antigen (HPA)‐15 in the effectiveness of platelet transfusion: A pilot study
Authors: Inoue Hiroko , Sakamoto Rumi , Nishimiya Hiroko , Sakamoto Hiroe , Terasu Shota , Aminaka Ryota , Koh Yangsook , Takihara Yoshihiro , Hirayama Fumiya , Kuroishi Ayumu
Published: November 2020

Background

Alloantibodies against human platelet antigen (HPA)‐15 are sometimes detected in patients with platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR); however, little is known about their impact on PTR.

Study Design and Methods

Two patients who possessed HPA‐15 alloantibodies (Patient 1, anti‐HPA‐15b; Patient 2, anti‐HPA‐15a) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies were enrolled. The efficacy of HPA‐15–compatible vs –incompatible platelet transfusion was compared by focusing on ABO‐ and HLA‐matched transfusions on the basis of the 24‐hour corrected count increment (CCI‐24 hours) for platelets. The titers of HPA‐15 antibodies in the patients' sera were also monitored.

Results

The patients received 71 and 12 ABO‐compatible, HLA‐matched platelet transfusions, respectively, during the monitoring periods. Among these transfusions, CCI‐24 hours could be calculated in 27 and 10 transfusions, respectively, and the HPA‐15 genotype of the donors was determined. There were no significant differences in the CCI‐24 hours between the HPA‐15 compatible and incompatible transfusions in both patients (P = .30 and .56, respectively, Mann‐Whitney U test). There was no significant change in the HPA‐15b antibody titer in Patient 1 during the monitoring period, while the HPA‐15a antibody level in Patient 2 was undetectable at the end of the monitoring period, although the titer was low at the beginning.

Conclusion

The efficacy of HPA‐15–incompatible platelet transfusions was not necessarily inferior to that of HPA‐15 compatible ones. Although the case number was limited, our results suggest that HPA‐15 antibodies do not have a significant impact on the effects of platelet transfusion.
Influence of locoregional lymph node aspiration cytology vs sentinel lymph node mapping and biopsy on disease stage assignment in dogs with integumentary mast cell tumors
Authors: Lapsley Janis , Hayes Galina M. , Janvier Valentin , Newman Ashleigh W. , Peters‐Kennedy Jeanine , Balkman Cheryl , Sumner Julia P. , Johnson Philippa
Published: November 2020

Objective

To compare the effect of sentinel lymph node (SLN) histology vs locoregional lymph node (LRLN) fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology on assigned disease stage and adjunctive treatment recommendations and describe the incidence of anatomic disparity between the LRLN and SLN.

Study design

A pre‐post study refers to a study design type in which subjects are compared pre and post the intervention of interest.

Animals

Seventeen dogs undergoing primary excision of 20 cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors (MCT).

Methods

Client‐owned dogs presenting to the Cornell University Hospital for Animals for surgical removal of a cytologically confirmed cutaneous or subcutaneous MCT >1 cm in diameter were enrolled. Cytological examination of FNA from the LRLN was compared with histology of the SLN. The SLN was identified by indirect computed tomographic lymphangiography (ICTL) after peritumoral injection of iopamidol and scanning at 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 minutes. Histopathologic node score > 1 was considered metastatic. After case review by an oncologist, LRLN FNA cytology was compared with SLN histology for effect on changes in stage assignment and adjunctive treatment recommendations.

Results

Mast cell tumors were graded as 2 low (n = 11), 2 high (n = 2), and subcutaneous (n = 7). Optimal scan timing was 10 minutes after injection of iopamidol. Sentinel lymph node differed anatomically from LRLN in 5 of 18 scans. Metastases were detected by histology in 9 of 20 SLN compared with in 1 of 20 FNA of LRLN (P = .001), changing stage and adjunctive treatment recommendations 8 of 20 tumors. Only 6 of 19 LRLN FNA samples were diagnostic.

Conclusion

Sentinel lymph nodes were consistently identified with ICTL and differed from LRLN in one‐quarter of tumors. Histopathological examination of SLN altered recommendations in half of the dogs compared with the previous standard of care.

Clinical significance

Indirect computed tomographic lymphangiography and SLN excision should be considered as a new standard for dogs with MCT.
Laparoscopic correction of sliding hiatal hernia in eight dogs: Description of technique, complications, and short‐term outcome
Authors: Monnet Eric
Published: November 2020

Objective

To describe a novel laparoscopic technique to treat sliding hiatal hernia in dogs.

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Animals

Eight dogs with sliding hiatal hernia treated with laparoscopy.

Methods

Surgery reports were reviewed for technique description and animal outcomes.

Results

Six dogs were brachycephalic. Dogs were placed in right lateral oblique recumbency. Four dogs were placed in a reverse Trendelenburg position to visualize the esophageal hiatus. A single port was placed 2 cm caudal to the last rib on the left side. An extra cannula was added in four dogs. A large‐bore orogastric tube was introduced in five dogs and used in four dogs to reduce the hernia. A unidirectional nonabsorbable barbed suture was used for the closure of the esophageal hiatus and the esophagopexy. A left‐sided gastropexy was performed for all the cases. The gastropexy was performed with a gastrostomy tube to bypass the esophagus in four dogs. Intraoperative complications included pneumothorax in three dogs. Conversion was elective in three cases and emergent in one case. Clinical signs were recorded as improved in each dog. The median follow‐up time was 16.5 days (range, 9‐264).

Conclusion

Hiatal hernia repair was performed laparoscopically in this population. Repair included a combination of esophageal plication, esophagopexy, and left‐sided gastropexy. Reverse Trendelenburg animal positioning and orogastric tube placement facilitated the reduction of the hernia.

Clinical significance

Laparoscopy is an option for the treatment of sliding hiatal hernia in dogs.
Rapid impact of Impatiens glandulifera control on above‐ and belowground invertebrate communities
Authors: Wood Suzy V. , Maczey Norbert , Currie Amanda F. , Lowry Alyssa J. , Rabiey Mojgan , Ellison Carol A. , Jackson Robert W. , Gange Alan C.
Published: November 2020

The annual plant Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam) is the most widespread invasive non‐native weed in the British Isles. Manual control is widely used, but is costly and laborious. Recently, biological control using the rust fungus Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae has been trialled. We designed an experiment to assess the impact of these control methods on invertebrate communities in relation to unmanaged and uninvaded habitats, and to determine whether mycorrhizal inoculation aided post‐control recovery of these communities. Sixty invaded and twenty uninvaded field soil blocks were transplanted to the experiment site, where a mycorrhizal inoculum was added to half of all blocks. Biological and mechanical control treatments were applied to twenty invaded blocks independently; the twenty remaining invaded blocks were left intact. Above‐ and belowground invertebrate samples were collected from the blocks at the end of the growing season. Overall, aboveground invertebrate abundance increased with the removal of I. glandulifera, and several groups showed signs of recovery within one growing season. The effect of mechanical control was more variable in belowground invertebrates. Biological control did not affect aboveground invertebrate abundance but resulted in large increases in populations of belowground Collembola. Our experiment demonstrates that mechanical removal of I. glandulifera can cause rapid increases in invertebrate abundance and that its biological control with P. komarovii var. glanduliferae also has the potential to benefit native invertebrate communities.
On uniqueness ofp-adic period morphisms, II
Authors: Nizioł Wiesława
Published: November 2020

We prove equality of the various rational$p$-adic period morphisms for smooth, not necessarily proper, schemes. We start with showing that the$K$-theoretical uniqueness criterion we had found earlier for proper smooth schemes extends to proper finite simplicial schemes in the good reduction case and to cohomology with compact support in the semistable reduction case. It yields the equality of the period morphisms for cohomology with compact support defined using the syntomic, almost étale, and motivic constructions. We continue with showing that the$h$-cohomology period morphism agrees with the syntomic and almost étale period morphisms whenever the latter morphisms are defined (and up to a change of Hyodo–Kato cohomology). We do it by lifting the syntomic and almost étale period morphisms to the$h$-site of varieties over a field, where their equality with the$h$-cohomology period morphism can be checked directly using the Beilinson Poincaré lemma and the case of dimension$0$. This also shows that the syntomic and almost étale period morphisms have a natural extension to the Voevodsky triangulated category of motives and enjoy many useful properties (since so does the$h$-cohomology period morphism).
Data-Driven Topology Optimization With Multiclass Microstructures Using Latent Variable Gaussian Process
Authors: Wang Liwei , Tao Siyu , Zhu Ping , Chen Wei
Published: November 2020

The data-driven approach is emerging as a promising method for the topological design of multiscale structures with greater efficiency. However, existing data-driven methods mostly focus on a single class of microstructures without considering multiple classes to accommodate spatially varying desired properties. The key challenge is the lack of an inherent ordering or “distance” measure between different classes of microstructures in meeting a range of properties. To overcome this hurdle, we extend the newly developed latent-variable Gaussian process (LVGP) models to create multi-response LVGP (MR-LVGP) models for the microstructure libraries of metamaterials, taking both qualitative microstructure concepts and quantitative microstructure design variables as mixed-variable inputs. The MR-LVGP model embeds the mixed variables into a continuous design space based on their collective effects on the responses, providing substantial insights into the interplay between different geometrical classes and material parameters of microstructures. With this model, we can easily obtain a continuous and differentiable transition between different microstructure concepts that can render gradient information for multiscale topology optimization. We demonstrate its benefits through multiscale topology optimization with aperiodic microstructures. Design examples reveal that considering multiclass microstructures can lead to improved performance due to the consistent load-transfer paths for micro- and macro-structures.
A Strategy to Tune Acoustic Terminations of Single-Can Test-Rigs to Mimic Thermoacoustic Behavior of a Full Engine
Authors: Haeringer Matthias , Fournier Guillaume J. J. , Meindl Max , Polifke Wolfgang
Published: November 2020

Thermoacoustic properties of can-annular combustors are commonly investigated by means of single-can test-rigs. To obtain representative results, it is crucial to mimic can–can coupling present in the full engine. However, current approaches either lack a solid theoretical foundation or are not practicable for high-pressure rigs. In this study, we employ Bloch-wave theory to derive reflection coefficients that correctly represent can–can coupling. We propose a strategy to impose such reflection coefficients at the acoustic terminations of a single-can test-rig by installing passive acoustic elements, namely straight ducts or Helmholtz resonators. In an iterative process, these elements are adapted to match the reflection coefficients for the dominant frequencies of the full engine. The strategy is demonstrated with a network model of a generic can-annular combustor and a three-dimensional (3D) model of a realistic can-annular combustor configuration. For the latter, we show that can–can coupling via the compressor exit plenum is negligible for frequencies sufficiently far away from plenum eigenfrequencies. Without utilizing previous knowledge of relevant frequencies or flame dynamics, the test-rig models are adapted within a few iterations and match the full engine with good accuracy. Using Helmholtz resonators for test-rig adaption turns out to be more viable than using straight ducts.
Atomic force microscopy for nanoscale mechanical property characterization
Authors: Stan Gheorghe , King Sean W.
Published: November 2020

Over the past several decades, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has advanced from a technique used primarily for surface topography imaging to one capable of characterizing a range of chemical, mechanical, electrical, and magnetic material properties with subnanometer resolution. In this review, we focus on AFM as a nanoscale mechanical property characterization tool and examine various AFM contact and intermittent contact modes that add mechanical contrast to an imaged surface. Through detailed analysis of the tip-sample contact mechanics, this contrast can be converted into quantitative measurements of various nanomechanical properties including elastic modulus, shear modulus, wear rate, adhesion, and viscoelasticity. Different AFM modes that provide such measurements are compared and contrasted in this work on a wide range of materials including ceramics, metals, semiconductors, polymers, and biomaterials. In the last few years, considerable improvements have been made in terms of fast imaging capabilities, tip preservation, and quantitative mechanics for multifrequency measurements as well as well-known AFM modes like amplitude modulation and peak-force tapping. In line with these developments, a major highlight of this review is the discussion of the operation and capabilities of one such mode, namely, intermittent contact resonance AFM (ICR-AFM). The applications of ICR-AFM to nanoscale surface and subsurface quantitative mechanical characterizations are reviewed with specific examples provided for thin polymeric films and patterned nanostructures of organosilicate dielectric materials. The combination of AFM-based mechanical characterization with AFM-based chemical spectroscopy to allow nanoscale structure-property characterization is also discussed and demonstrated for the analysis of low-k dielectric/copper nanoelectronic interconnect structures and further highlights synergistic advances in the AFM field.
nanolithography toolbox—Simplifying the design complexity of microfluidic chips
Authors: Zhang Haoqing , Pekárek Jan , Feng Jianguo , Liu Xiaocheng , Li Huanan , Zhu Hanliang , Svatoš Vojtěch , Gablech Imrich , Podešva Pavel , Ni Sheng , Yobas Levent , Neužil Pavel
Published: November 2020

Microfluidic devices typically require complex shapes such as funnels, spirals, splitters, channels with different widths, or customized objects of arbitrary complexity with a smooth transition between these elements. Device layouts are generally designed by software developed for the design of integrated circuits or by general computer-aided design drawing tools. Both methods have their limitations, making these tasks time consuming. Here, a script-based, time-effective method to generate the layout of various microfluidic chips with complex geometries is presented. The present work uses the nanolithography toolbox (NT), a platform-independent software package, which employs parameterized fundamental blocks (cells) to create microscale and nanoscale structures. In order to demonstrate the functionality and efficiency of the NT, a few classical microfluidic devices were designed using the NT and then fabricated in glass/silicon using standard microfabrication techniques and in poly(dimethylsiloxane) using soft lithography as well as more complex techniques used for flow-through calorimetry. In addition, the functionality of a few of the fabricated devices was tested. The powerful method proposed allows the creation of microfluidic devices with complex layouts in an easy way, simplifying the design process and improving design efficiency. Thus, it holds great potential for broad applications in microfluidic device design.
The Impact of Legalization of Sports Gambling: How Motivation, Fandom, and Gender Influence Sport-Related Consumption
Authors: Cason Dan , Lee Minkyo , Lee Jaedeock , Yeo In-Sung , Arner Edward J.
Published: November 2020

This study examined how the legalization of sports wagering, in association with several factors (i.e., gender, motivations, and fandom), has impacted gambling behavior, interests in sport, and sport-related consumption (e.g., media, ticket sales) using a sample of active gamblers above the age of 21 (N = 58). The findings showed that economic motivation significantly predicted gambling behavior, interests in sports, and sport-related consumption, while fandom did not. People who are motivated by money are more likely to wager on sport and consume sport. However, being a sport fan or not does not impact those variables. Based on the results of the current study, it could be suggested that, since sports wagering was recently legalized, sport organizations should move quickly to attract new and potential market segments (e.g., gamblers).
Examining the Effects of an Interspersed Biofeedback Training Intervention on Physiological Indices
Authors: Nelson Ferguson Kendra , Hall Craig , Divine Alison
Published: November 2020

The study aimed to determine whether athletes who practice biofeedback are able to self-regulate by reaching resonance frequency and gaining physiological control quicker than if practice time integrates imagery or a rest period. Intervention effectiveness (e.g., intervention length, time spent training) was also explored. Twenty-seven university athletes were assigned to one of three groups: (a) biofeedback (i.e., continuous training), (b) biofeedback/imagery (i.e., interspersed with imagery), and (c) biofeedback/rest (i.e., interspersed with a rest period). Five biofeedback sessions training respiration rate, heart rate variability, and skin conductance were conducted. A repeated-measure analysis of variance showed a significant interaction between groups over time (p ≤ .05) for respiration rate, heart rate variability, and skin conductance, indicating that resonance frequency and physiological control was regained following imagery or a rest period. Postmanipulation check data found intervention length and training time to be sufficient. Combining imagery with biofeedback may optimize management of psychophysiological processes.
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms between humans and mink and back to humans
Authors: Oude Munnink Bas B. , Sikkema Reina S. , Nieuwenhuijse David F. , Molenaar Robert Jan , Munger Emmanuelle , Molenkamp Richard , van der Spek Arco , Tolsma Paulien , Rietveld Ariene , Brouwer Miranda , Bouwmeester-Vincken Noortje , Harders Frank , Hakze-van der Honing Renate , Wegdam-Blans Marjolein C. A. , Bouwstra Ruth J. , GeurtsvanKessel Corine , van der Eijk Annemiek A. , Velkers Francisca C. , Smit Lidwien A. M. , Stegeman Arjan , van der Poel Wim H. M. , Koopmans Marion P. G.
Published: November 2020

Two-way transmission on mink farms

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a zoonotic virus—one that spilled over from another species to infect and transmit among humans. We know that humans can infect other animals with SARS-CoV-2, such as domestic cats and even tigers in zoos. Oude Munninket al.used whole-genome sequencing to show that SARS-CoV-2 infections were rife among mink farms in the southeastern Netherlands, all of which are destined to be closed by March 2021 (see the Perspective by Zhou and Shi). Toward the end of June 2020, 68% of mink farm workers tested positive for the virus or had antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. These large clusters of infection were initiated by human COVID-19 cases with viruses that bear the D614G mutation. Sequencing has subsequently shown that mink-to-human transmission also occurred. More work must be done to understand whether there is a risk that mustelids may become a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

Science, this issue p.172; see also p.120
Prothrombotic autoantibodies in serum from patients hospitalized with COVID-19
Authors: Zuo Yu , Estes Shanea K. , Ali Ramadan A. , Gandhi Alex A. , Yalavarthi Srilakshmi , Shi Hui , Sule Gautam , Gockman Kelsey , Madison Jacqueline A. , Zuo Melanie , Yadav Vinita , Wang Jintao , Woodard Wrenn , Lezak Sean P. , Lugogo Njira L. , Smith Stephanie A. , Morrissey James H. , Kanthi Yogendra , Knight Jason S.
Published: November 2020

Some patients with severe COVID-19 develop prothrombotic autoantibodies that are similar to antiphospholipid antibodies found in autoimmune diseases.
The Pyocin Regulator PrtR Regulates Virulence Expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Modulation of Gac/Rsm System and c-di-GMP Signaling Pathway
Authors: Jiao Hongying , Li Fan , Wang Tietao , Yam Joey Kuok Hoong , Yang Liang , Liang Haihua
Published: November 2020

In
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, the second messenger cyclic-di-GMP and Gac/Rsm signaling pathways are associated with the transition from acute to chronic infection. Therefore, identification of the molecular mechanisms that govern lifestyle choice in bacteria is very important.