bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
K2V6O16·2.7H2O nanorod cathode: an advanced intercalation system for high energy aqueous rechargeable Zn-ion batteries
Authors: Sambandam Balaji , Soundharrajan Vaiyapuri , Kim Sungjin , Alfaruqi Muhammad H. , Jo Jeonggeun , Kim Seokhun , Mathew Vinod , Sun Yang-kook , Kim Jaekook
Published: July 2018

Layered K2V6O16·2.7H2O nanorod cathode, utilized for aqueous rechargeable Zn-ion batteries, displays high reversible capacities, exceptional rate capabilities and long cycle-span of 700 (altering three different current densities) and 500 (~82% capacity retention at 6 A g−1) cycles.
Systematic molecular model development with reliable charge distributions for gaseous adsorption in nanoporous materials
Authors: Cho Eun Hyun , Lin Li-Chiang
Published: July 2018

A systematic, robust, and efficient methodology to develop molecular models for accurate prediction of gaseous adsorption in nanoporous materials.
Oxygen vacancy-originated highly active electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Hirai Shigeto , Morita Kazuki , Yasuoka Kenji , Shibuya Taizo , Tojo Yujiro , Kamihara Yoichi , Miura Akira , Suzuki Hisao , Ohno Tomoya , Matsuda Takeshi , Yagi Shunsuke
Published: July 2018

Sr2VFeAsO3−δ remarkably enhances the oxygen evolution reaction by direct O–O bond formation between OH− coupled oxygen-vacant sites.
Highly stable lithium metal battery with an applied three-dimensional mesh structure interlayer
Authors: Kim Hyunjin , Gong Yong Jun , Yoo Jeeyoung , Kim Youn Sang
Published: July 2018

We propose a facile and cost-effective strategy for stabilizing the lithium metal–electrolyte interface via a three-dimensional stainless steel mesh (SSM) interlayer.
Zinc ferrum energy storage chemistries with high efficiency and long cycling life
Authors: Wang Yuan , Chang Zheng , Li Junqiang , Li Ruizhe , Huang Fuqiang
Published: July 2018

A new prototype of liquid Zn-ferrum batteries (ZFBs) using zinc metal as the anode, an aqueous Fe(ii/iii) redox couple as the catholyte, and modified carbon fibers with N and O (CF–N–O) as the positive electrode was proposed. This battery exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with a capacity of 352 mA h g−1 and long cycling life.
In situ formation of Ni3Se4 nanorod arrays as versatile electrocatalysts for electrochemical oxidation reactions in hybrid water electrolysis
Authors: Zhang Jun-Ye , Tian Xiaonan , He Ting , Zaman Shahid , Miao Mao , Yan Ya , Qi Kai , Dong Zehua , Liu Hongfang , Xia Bao Yu
Published: July 2018

Ni3Se4 nanorod arrays are versatile and efficient electrocatalysts for different electrochemical oxidation reactions in hybrid water electrolysis.
Antibacterial gluey silver–calcium phosphate composites for dentine remineralization
Authors: Shen Yue-Qin , Zhu Ying-Jie , Chen Fei-Fei , Jiang Ying-Ying , Xiong Zhi-Chao , Chen Feng
Published: July 2018

A microwave-assisted solvothermal strategy is reported for the synthesis of antibacterial gluey silver–calcium phosphate composites for dentine remineralization.
Quantum-dot-encapsulated core–shell barcode particles from droplet microfluidics
Authors: Bian Feika , Wang Huan , Sun Lingyu , Liu Yuxiao , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: July 2018

A new class of QD-encapsulated core–shell barcode particles for biomedical applications were generated using a capillary microfluidic device.
Photoresponsive endosomal escape enhances gene delivery using liposome–polycation–DNA (LPD) nanovectors
Authors: Chen Wenjie , Deng Wei , Xu Xin , Zhao Xiang , Vo Jenny Nhu , Anwer Ayad G. , Williams Thomas C. , Cui Haixin , Goldys Ewa M.
Published: July 2018

Light-triggered endolysosomal escape enhances gene delivery by photoresponsive LPD nanoparticles.
A novel FRET-based fluorescent probe for the selective detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its application for bioimaging
Authors: Zhao Qi , Huo Fangjun , Kang Jin , Zhang Yongbin , Yin Caixia
Published: July 2018

Herein, our group developed a fast response fluorescent probe (Flu-N3) for H2S on the basis of the 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin and fluorescein FRET system with high sensitivity and selectivity and a low detection limit of 0.031 μM. Moreover, the probe was successfully applied to image exogenous and endogenous H2S in living cells and nude mice.
Enhanced cytoplasmic release of drug delivery systems: chloroquine as a multilayer and template constituent of layer-by-layer microcarriers
Authors: Brueckner Mandy , Scheffler Kira , Reibetanz Uta
Published: July 2018

Nano- and microcarriers as vehicles for active agents are additionally equipped with specific agents to prevent endolysosomal acidification in order to support them to reach their target in a defined, specific, and protected way.
A biodegradable polyphosphoester-functionalized poly(disulfide) nanocarrier for reduction-triggered intracellular drug delivery
Authors: Ju Pengfei , Hu Jian , Li Fei , Cao Youwen , Li Lei , Shi Dongjian , Hao Ying , Zhang Mingzu , He Jinlin , Ni Peihong
Published: July 2018

A reduction-cleavable polyphosphoester-functionalized poly(disulfide) nanoparticle has been constructed for the intracellular triggered release of doxorubicin in tumor chemotherapy.
Effects of hypoxic preconditioning on neuroblastoma tumour oxygenation and metabolic signature in a chick embryo model
Authors: Al-Mutawa Yousef K. , Herrmann Anne , Corbishley Catriona , Losty Paul D. , Phelan Marie , Sée Violaine
Published: July 2018

Hypoxia episodes and areas in tumours have been associated with metastatic dissemination and poor prognosis. Given the link between tumour tissue oxygen levels and cellular metabolic activity, we hypothesised that the metabolic profile between metastatic and non-metastatic tumours would reveal potential new biomarkers and signalling cues. We have used a previously established chick embryo model for neuroblastoma growth and metastasis, where the metastatic phenotype can be controlled by neuroblastoma cell hypoxic preconditioning (3 days at 1% O2). We measured, with fibre-optic oxygen sensors, the effects of the hypoxic preconditioning on the tumour oxygenation, within tumours formed by SK-N-AS cells on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos. We found that the difference between the metastatic and non-metastatic intratumoural oxygen levels was small (0.35% O2), with a mean below 1.5% O2 for most tumours. The metabolomic profiling, using NMR spectroscopy, of neuroblastoma cells cultured in normoxia or hypoxia for 3 days, and of the tumours formed by these cells showed that the effects of hypoxia in vitro did not compare with in vivo tumours. One notable difference was the high levels of the glycolytic end-products triggered by hypoxia in vitro, but not by hypoxia preconditioning in tumours, likely due to the very high basal levels of these metabolites in tumours compared with cells. In conclusion, we have identified high levels of ketones (3-hydroxybutyrate), lactate and phosphocholine in hypoxic preconditioned tumours, all known to fuel tumour growth, and we herein point to the poor relevance of in vitro metabolomic experiments for cancer research.
Finite‐time fault‐tolerant adaptive robust control for a class of uncertain non‐linear systems with saturation constraints using integral backstepping approach
Authors: Smaeilzadeh Seyed Majid , Golestani Mehdi
Published: July 2018

This study proposes a finite‐time integral backstepping control for a class of non‐linear systems considering practical aspects including saturation constraints, actuator fault, external disturbances and system uncertainties in order to achieve strong robustness, fast response and high‐precision tracking performance. An adaptive version of the controller is then developed to deal with the total uncertainties in the system. The main property of the suggested controller is that there is no need for the knowledge of the actuator fault, external disturbances and system uncertainties to be available. Not only are all the closed‐loop system states ensured to be globally finite‐time stable within a given settling time, but the actuator faults are accommodated. The proposed controller is then applied to a two‐link rigid robot manipulator. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed finite‐time fault‐tolerant adaptive control in terms of precision of tracking, convergent speed and robustness.
Biomedical applications of aluminium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Hassanpour Peyman , Panahi Yunes , Ebrahimi‐Kalan Abbas , Akbarzadeh Abolfazl , Davaran Soodabeh , Nasibova Aygun N. , Khalilov Rovshan , Kavetskyy Taras
Published: July 2018

Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles (AlNPs) are class of metal oxide nanoparticles that have diverse biomedical applications owing to their exceptional physicochemical and structural features such as resistance towards wear, chemicals, mechanical stresses as well as their favourable optical properties and a porous vast surface area. Other reasons for widespread applications of AlNPs are their low cost of preparation and easy handling. Therefore, owing to the economic importance, the recent achievements and possible health risks associated with the biomedical applications of AlNPs are overviewed in this work.
Effective approach to enhance DC and high‐frequency performance of electrically doped TFET
Authors: Yadav Shivendra , Lemtur Alemienla , Sharma Dheeraj , Aslam Mohd. , Soni Deepak
Published: July 2018

The need to overcome the shortcomings of conventional tunnel field‐effect transistor (TFET) has driven many to come up with advanced TFET innovations. This Letter presents a comparative analysis of new techniques to enhance DC/radio‐frequency (RF) performance of dopingless TFETs. In this regard, two advanced structures have been compared along with conventional electrically doped TFET. The devices – electrically doped TFET, low work‐function strip electrically doped TFET and low work‐function live strip electrically doped TFET are investigated in terms of DC, RF and linearity. This Letter focuses on electrical doping on dopingless substrate to reduce random dopant fluctuations and fabrication complications. The comparative analysis illustrates the importance of low work‐function live strip (LWLS) over low work‐function strip (LWS). In addition, an optimisation of length and position of LWS and LWLS is also investigated for providing fabrication ease.
Transparent and flexible force sensor based on microextrusion 3D printing
Authors: Yang Runhuai , Gao Tianyun , Li Didi , Chen Yueming , Jin Guoqing , Liang Haiyi , Niu Fuzhou
Published: July 2018

Transparent and flexible force sensor provides potential applications in a lot of area such as human wearable sensor, robotic sensor and underwater equipment. Here the work presents a zig‐zag patterned hydrogel‐based force sensor. Slow‐gelling alginate hydrogel, self‐designed microextrusion 3D printer and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were adapted for the sensor fabrication. A slow‐gelling hydrogel printing ink was prepared and printed onto the treated PDMS layer with a computer‐aided designed zig‐zag pattern. The line width and resistance of the printed hydrogel were precisely controlled by the self‐designed microextrusion 3D printer. To stabilise the water content, a sandwich structure was adopted and two PDMS cover layers were fabricated to seal the hydrogel sensor. Theoretical analysis was performed and it is shown that the change rate of resistance was linear related to the force, and this analysis was proved by experiment. Experiments also show that the sensor was flexible and transparent. The zig‐zag patterned hydrogel also and the PDMS layers provided stable water content and recording.
Power generation from microfluidic drops using inorganic silicon dioxide electret film
Authors: Zhu Jianxiong , Wang Hai
Published: July 2018

This work proposes a microfluidic structure utilising its damping motion for energy harvesting based on a microfabricated electret silicon oxide (SiO2). When the device was subjected to an instantaneous acceleration, the power was generated due to the variable shape of the microfluidic on the electret SiO2 film. The damped wave phenomena came from the variable shape of microfluidic which oscillated back and forth due to inertial forces. With a larger acceleration on the device, the peak value of a short‐circuit current (Isc) and an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) were increasing as a function of linear equation and quadratic equation, respectively. The microfluidic energy harvester reached up to 3 nA of Isc and 0.18 V of Voc with an acceleration 4 m/s2, respectively. Moreover, with a microdrop with dimension 15 mm3 on the inorganic SiO2 film, the work demonstrated that the device can obtain Voc of 0.3 V and Isc of 3 nA with a sliding angle ∼30°, which showed further applications for an angle sensing.
Biopolymer‐mediated synthesis and characterisation of platinum nanocomposite and its anti‐fungal activity against A. parasiticus and A. flavus
Authors: Godugu Deepika , Beedu Sashidhar Rao
Published: July 2018

The green synthesis of the platinum (Pt) nanocomposite was achieved using a natural biopolymer gum kondagogu (GK), a widely preferred reducing agent because of its biocompatible and biodegradable nature. The synthesised GK Pt nanoparticle (GKPtNP) were characterised by using different analytical techniques such as ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP‐MS). The objective of the present work was to evaluate the anti‐fungal activity of GKPtNP against two strains Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus for the first time. The results revealed that GKPtNP‐treated fungal cell suspensions showed the minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 μg ml−1 for both the strains and exhibited IC50 values as 37.2 and 29.4 μg ml−1, against A. parasiticus and A. flavus. The mechanism of action of Pt nanocomposite on fungi outer membrane and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was elucidated. It was observed that the interaction of GKPtNP caused destabilisation of fungal outer membrane signifying elevated levels of ROS leading to oxidative stress. In conclusion, the Pt nanocomposite materials acted as a fungicidal agent against A. parasiticus and A. flavus and give a significant scope in various biomedical applications.
Diameter dependence of the UV light detecting performance of InGaN/GaN nanorods array photodetector
Authors: Kang Yunlong , Wang Ding , Wang Ping , Chen Aiying , Li Huijun , Wang Xianying , Yang Junhe
Published: July 2018

Vertically aligned InGaN/GaN nanorod arrays with multiple quantum wells (MQWs) was prepared via inductively coupled plasma (ICP) followed by a further anisotropic wet etching method. It was demonstrated that the sizes of nanorods could be easily regulated in the ranges of 330–1090 nm by simply controlling the ICP etch parameters. The morphology characterisation results indicated that these nanorods are of straight and smooth appearance, and the length of nanorods is about 4 μm. Ultraviolet (UV) detectors based on nanorods arrays with different diameters were fabricated, which exhibited fast response/recovery speed and good response. The UV detecting performance was getting better with the decrease of nanorods diameter, which may be caused by the suppression of the dark current. This work provides an efficient route for fabricating the large‐scale vertical aligned MQWs nanorods array and developing their fascinating applications.
Neurootologisches Counseling bei chronischem Tinnitus
Authors: Beyrau Dagmar , Schaaf Helmut , Hesse Gerhard
Published: July 2018

Die Diagnostik und Behandlung des Tinnitus erfordert neurootologische Kompetenz und eine ebenso sachgerechte wie für den Tinnitus-Betroffenen verständliche
Aufklärung.

Leitliniengerecht entscheidend ist – entsprechend der Tinnitus-Leitlinien von 2015 – die „Beratung des Patienten durch den betreuenden Arzt hinsichtlich seiner
persönlichen Ätiopathogenese, wie der persönlichen Verarbeitung des Tinnitus, der Prognose, tinnitusverstärkender Faktoren oder das Ohr schädigender
Einflüsse“.

Dementsprechend ist das Ziel die „Entpathologisierung des Symptoms Tinnitus und die Erklärung sowie Einordnung in die heute anerkannten wissenschaftlichen
Vorstellungen“ 1.

So richtig die Leitlinienvorgabe ist, so schwierig kann es im kassenärztlichen Alltag sein, diese Empfehlungen umzusetzen. Nachfolgend soll daher ein 4- bis
5-schrittiges Vorgehen geschildert werden, dass im ärztlichen Gespräch oder in einer Gruppe die wichtigsten Aspekte leitliniengerecht und verständlich
vermittelt. Ergänzend dazu wird auch auf hilfreiche Aspekte seelischer Gesundheit eingegangen.

Hilfreich dabei ist der reduzierte Tinnitus-Fragebogen (Mini-TF12) 2, der unter anderem über die Homepage der Deutschen
Tinnitus-Liga (DTL) kostenfrei ausgefüllt und ausgewertet werden kann.
Expedient Synthesis of Long-Chain ω-Substituted Fatty Acids and Esters from Cyclic Ketones Using Iodine and Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Zhdankin Viktor , Yusubov Mekhman , Podrezova Ekaterina , Larkina Maria , Belousov Mikhail , Kirschning Andreas
Published: July 2018

A simple and convenient synthesis of ω-iodoaliphatic carboxylic acids and esters by the reaction of cyclic ketones with iodine and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of catalytic CuCl has been developed. ω-Iodoaliphatic carboxylic esters were further used for the efficient preparation of di(2-pyridylmethylamino)alkanoic acids in excellent yields.
Synthesis of Isothiocineole and Application in Multigram-Scale Sulfur Ylide Mediated Asymmetric Epoxidation and Aziridination
Authors: McGarrigle Eoghan , Aggarwal Varinder , Fearraigh Martin , Matlock Johnathan , Illa Ona
Published: July 2018

The synthesis of the chiral sulfide isothiocineole from limonene and elemental sulfur on multi-gram scale and its alkylation to make >50 g of the corresponding benzylsulfonium salt are described. The application of this salt to the sulfur ylide-mediated asymmetric epoxidation of aldehydes and the asymmetric aziridination of imines on a >5 g scale is demonstrated.
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of 10-Mesitylanthracene-1,8-diyl Oligomers
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Saibara Toyoaki , Fujise Kei , Oki Tomohiro , Iwanaga Tetsuo
Published: July 2018

Oligomers consisting of 10-mesitylanthracene-1,8-diyl units were synthesized by Ni-mediated coupling of the corresponding dibromide as new oligoarene compounds. The structures and properties of these oligomers were investigated by NMR and electronic spectroscopy. Conformational analyses with the aid of DFT calculations revealed that each biaryl axis adopted a nearly perpendicular conformation, and the trimers and tetramers existed as a mixture of diastereomeric conformers.
From Straightforward Gold(I)-Catalyzed Enyne Cyclizations to more Demanding Intermolecular Reactions of Alkynes with Alkenes
Authors: Echavarren Antonio , García-Morales Cristina
Published: July 2018

Gold(I) complexes are the catalysts of choice for the selective activation of alkynes in the presence of other unsaturated functional groups. In this Account, we present the development of gold(I)-catalyzed intermolecular reactions of terminal alkynes with functionalized alkenes. In particular, we focus on the synthesis of cyclobutenes by asymmetric gold(I)-catalyzed [2+2] cycloaddition and its applications.

1 Introduction

2 Intramolecular Gold(I)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Cyclobutenes

2.1 Role of Cyclobutenes in 1,n-Enynes Cycloisomerizations

2.2 [2+2] Cycloaddition of 1,n-Enynes

3 Intermolecular Gold(I)-Catalyzed Reactions of Terminal Alkynes with Alkenes

3.1 [2+2] Cycloaddition of Alkynes with Alkenes

3.2 Reactions of Propiolic Acid with Alkenes

3.3 [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Alkynes with Oxoalkenes

3.4 Reaction of Alkynes with Furanes

4 Gold(I)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclobutenes

5 Concluding Remarks
Freeze-Fracture Studies of Human Blood Platelets Activated by Thrombin Using Rapid Freezing
Authors: Hols Hans , Sixma Jan J , Leunissen-Bijvelt J , Verkley Arie
Published: July 2018

In this study the influence of thrombin activation on human blood platelets has been followed by freeze-fracturing electron microscopy using rapid freezing in order to catch the initial changes in shape and the morphological alterations during the process of exocytosis of secretory granules. We found that isolation of the platelets by itself leads to some degree of shape change, which made it impossible to study the resting discoid platelet by rapid freezing.

Activation of the platelets by thrombin induced dilation of the “surface connecting system (SCS)” with formation of large vacuoles as a result of fusion of the secretory granules with SCS. No intermediary fusion stages or structures were observed even using rapid freezing. Volcano-like protrusions and the corresponding complementary pits were seen at the SCS. These structures were interpreted by us as fractures through protoplasmic channels crossing the SCS. These channels originate during the swelling of the SCS as a result of the fusion of secretory granules with the SCS.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Platelet Protein Induced by Phorbol Ester
Authors: Ishihara Noriko , Nagao Kunihiro , Kobayashi Bonro
Published: July 2018

The presence of phosphotyrosine in proteins from washed rabbit platelets was demonstrated by electrophoresis and by alkali stability of phosphorylated polypeptides. The phosphotyrosine content increased about twofold by treating the platelets with PMA in spite of the fact that the specific activity of labeled ATP was unchanged. It was shown that phosphorylated proteins with apparent molecular weight of 48k, 53k and 250k were alkali-stable. Although phosphorylation of 48k protein in platelets was stimulated by 1 U thrombin as well as by 100 ng PMA, only the phosphorylated samples from PMA-treated platelets were alkali-stable. The 48k protein from platelets stimulated by PMA showed the fivefold increase of 32P-tyrosine content as compared with the control. Relatively lower increase of 32P-serine or 32P-threonine, 2- and 1.7-fold respectively, was thereby observed. The differences in time-sequence between 48k and 250k protein of total and alkali-stable phosphorylations suggested that tyrosine phosphorylation of 48k protein is the earliest event after the PM A-stimulation.
Platelet Aggregation in Whole Blood: The Role of Thromboxane A2 and Adenosine Diphosphate
Authors: Carter A J , Heptinstall S
Published: July 2018

The platelet aggregation that occurred in whole blood in response to several aggregating agents (collagen, arachidonic acid, adenosine diphosphate, adrenaline and thrombin) was measured using an Ultra-Flo 100 Whole Blood Platelet Counter. The amounts of thromboxane B2 produced were measured by radioimmunoassay. The effects of various inhibitors of thromboxane synthesis and the effects of apyrase, an enzyme that destroys adenosine diphosphate, were determined.

Platelet aggregation was always accompanied by the production of thromboxane B2, and the amounts produced depended on the nature and concentration of the aggregating agent used. The various inhibitors of thromboxane synthesis - aspirin and flurbiprofen (cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors), BW755C (a cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitor) and dazoxiben (a selective thromboxane synthase inhibitor) - did not markedly inhibit aggregation. Results obtained using apyrase showed that adenosine diphosphate contributed to the aggregation process, and that its role must be acknowledged when devising means of inhibiting platelet aggregation in vivo.
Platelet Membrane Potential: Simultaneous Measurement of diSC3(5) Fluorescence and Optical Density
Authors: Pipili Eva
Published: July 2018

The role of membrane potential in the activation of human platelets by thrombin, ADP and PAF was assessed, using the fluorescent probe diSC3(5). Thrombin, ADP and PAF transiently depolarised the platelet membrane by 6-8 mV from its resting level (—70 mV). This depolarisation had a similar time course to that of shape change. The ionophores valinomycin and gramicidin hyperpolarised and depolarised the platelets respectively but did not activate them. In contrast, exposure of platelets to high K+ media both depolarised and caused them to change shape. Removal of Na+ from the suspension media abolished the depolarisation induced by thrombin, ADP and PAF but the platelets under these conditions were still capable of changing shape and aggregating. This result indicates that the observed depolarisation depends on Na+ fluxes. Amiloride or tetrodotoxin did not mimic the effect of Na+ removal suggesting that any Na+ movement involved does not go through the classic “Na+ channel”. Thrombin, ADP and PAF still depolarised the platelet membrane in the absence of added Ca+
+. Under these conditions, however, the membrane did not repolarise. It is evident that all three agents, thrombin, ADP and PAF, change the membrane potential of human washed platelets through a similar mechanism and this change seems to be a consequence of stimulus-receptor interaction (and platelet activation?). A causal relationship however between these events cannot be clearly shown.
Increased Factor VIII Complex in Fulminant Hepatic Failure
Authors: Langley P G , Hughes R D , Williams Roger
Published: July 2018

In 30 patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) all three components of the factor VIII complex were significantly increased (VIIIC = 6.43 ± 1.12 u/ml; VIIIRAg = 3.91 ± 0.25 u/ ml; VIIIvWF = 3.89 ± 0.29 u/ml). There was good correlation between all three parameters in control subjects, but only between VIIIRAg and VIIIvWF (r= 0.67; p <0.001) in patients with FHF. VIIIC was significantly higher than VIIIRAg and VIIIvWF. These results suggest that VIIIC and VIIIRAg are increased by different mechanisms in FHF. These processes may include endothelial cell damage, reduced reticuloendothelial system function and lack of production of inactivating substances by the damaged liver.

Platelet adhesion to glass beads was increased in FHF (36.4 ± 5.9% compared to 16.6 ± 2.1%, p <0.01). There was no significant correlation between platelet adhesion and any of the parameters of the factor VIII complex. Thus the increase in platelet adhesion cannot be due to the increase in VIIIvWF in FHF.
White Blood Cell Count and Haematocrit as Predictors of Coronary Recurrence after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Lowe G D O , Machado S G , Krol W F , Barton B A , Forbes C D
Published: July 2018

Baseline white blood cell count (WCC) and haematocrit were examined in relation to recurrent coronary events and to all-cause mortality in 2026 persons enrolled in the first Persantin-Aspirin Reinfarction Study (PARIS-1) 2-60 months after myocardial infarction. WCC was strongly related to coronary recurrence (relative risk 3.5 for men with WCC ≥ 9 × 109/1 vs men with WCC < 5 × 109/1) and total mortality (relative risk 2.6). No such relationships were found for haematocrit. WCC correlated also with cigarette-smoking, diuretic use, serum cholesterol and uric acid; however, the associations with coronary recurrence and total mortality persisted on multiple linear and logistic regression analysis including these variables and treatment group (p <0.001). WCC is therefore an easily-measured prognostic variable in survivors of myocardial infarction. Furthermore, we suggest that white blood cells may promote myocardial ischaemia by capillary plugging and/or release of toxic oxygen metabolites.
Potentiation of Adrenaline-Induced Platelet Aggregation by Angiotensin II
Authors: Ding Yu-An , MacIntyre D Euan , Kenyon Christopher J , Semple Peter F
Published: July 2018

The effects of angiotensin II (ANG II) alone and in combination with other agonists on human platelet aggregation, thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and cytosolic [Ca2+]i were investigated. ANG II (10™11 - 10™7 M) alone had no direct effect on aggregation, TxB2 production or [Ca2+]i after short- (<2 min) or longterm (30 min) incubation. In contrast, low concentrations of ANG II (10™11 M) enhanced adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation but high concentrations (10™7 M) had an inhibitory effect. Moreover, ANG II (10™11 - 10™7 M) augmented platelet responses to the TxA2 mimetic, U44069. Pretreatment of platelets with flurbiprofen abolished this facilitatory effect of ANG II on adrenaline- but not on U44069-induced platelet aggregation. These results suggest that ANG II stimulation of agonist-induced platelet activation may be due to potentiation of the effects rather than the synthesis of TxA2
The Prevalence of Hereditary Antithrombin-III Deficiency in Patients with a History of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Vikydal R , Korninger C , Kyrle P A , Niessner H , Pabinger I , Thaler E , Lechner K
Published: July 2018

Antithrombin-III activity was determined in 752 patients with a history of venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism. 54 patients (7.18%) had an antithrombin-III activity below the normal range. Among these were 13 patients (1.73%) with proven hereditary deficiency. 14 patients were judged to have probable hereditary antithrombin-III deficiency, because they had a positive family history, but antithrombin-III deficiency could not be verified in other members of the family. In the 27 remaining patients (most of them with only slight deficiency) hereditary antithrombin-III deficiency was unlikely. The prevalence of hereditary antithrombin-III deficiency was higher in patients with recurrent venous thrombosis.
The Appearance of “Exhausted” Platelets at the Time of Stroke in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Umegaki Keizo , Inoue Yasuhide , Tomita Takako
Published: July 2018

Stroke was induced in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) by NaCl loading. They were killed at 3 weeks and cerebral lesion was confirmed by autopsy. About 2/3 of them had strokes. Platelet count and thrombin-induced aggregation were reduced to 36% and 66%, respectively, compared with the level of those in the healthy SHRSP group which did not have stroke with the same treatment. ADP and serotonin content in platelets diminished by 45% and by 65%, respectively, due to stroke while plasma thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS, lipid peroxides) in the stroke group was two-fold that in the healthy group. Blood TBARS levels were significantly higher in rats with lower platelet serotonin content than in rats with normal serotonin content. These results suggest that marked activation of platelets has occurred due to vascular injuries at the time of stroke with a consequent decrease in platelet serotonin content and increase in plasma TBARS.
Thrombin Activity Appearing on the Vessel Wall After Trauma
Authors: Dryjski M , Olsson P , Swedenborg J
Published: July 2018

Thrombin activity was assayed on the aortic surface of rabbits after soft tissue trauma or endothelial injury caused by a balloon catheter. The animals were sacrificed by exsanguination 20 minutes or 3 hours after either type of trauma. Thrombin amidolytic activity on the luminal surface of the aorta was measured by exposing it to a synthetic chromogenic substrate.

Thrombin activity appeared on the aortic endothelium 3 hours but not 20 minutes after soft tissue trauma. Heparin prevented the appearance of thrombin activity completely only if given just before the trauma. After endothelial injury, thrombin activity appeared on the vascular surface after 3 hours but not after 20 minutes.

Thrombin activity appearing on the endothelium after soft tissue trauma may explain posttraumatic thrombotic events. The thrombin activity could, however, also be directed towards activation of protein C in which case an anticoagulant effect is obtained. Thrombin appearing after endothelial injury may enhance reactivity on the damaged vessel wall.
A Comparison Between Low Molecular Weight Heparin (KABI 2165) and Standard Heparin in the Intravenous Treatment of Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Bratt Göran , Törnebohm Eva , Granqvist Staffan , Åberg Wiveca , Lockner Dieter
Published: July 2018

In order to study whether a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) of mw 4000 D is effective in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), patients with DVT verified by phlebography were randomized to treatment by continuous intravenous infusion of either unfractionated heparin (UFH) or LMWH. The initial dose was 240 U (anti F Xa)/kg/12 h. TTiis study (study I) was stopped because of major bleeding in 2 newly operated patients in the LMWH group after 27 patients had been treated. The heparin activity measured as F Xa inhibition assayed in retrospect, was found to be much higher in the LMWH group (mean 1.6-2.0 anti F Xa U/ml) than in the UFH group (mean 0.5-0.8 anti F Xa U/ml).

A second study was therefore initiated in which the DVT patients were randomly given UFH (240 U/kg/12 h) or LMWH only 120 U (anti F Xa)/kg/12 h, as initial doses (study II). In this study 27 patients could be evaluated, the mean heparin activity still being higher in the LMWH group (0.9-1.2 anti F Xa U/ml) than in the UFH group (0.5-0.7 anti F Xa U/ml).

A second phlebographic investigation showed progression of thrombus size in 3 (11%) of the UFH patients of studies I and II (n = 29) and improvement in 14 (48%). There was no progression in any LMWH patient, 6 (50%) had improved in study I and 10 (77%) in study II. The mean decrease of thrombus size score (according to Marder) during treatment did not differ between the 3 groups.

Antithrombin III decreased significantly in the UFH group but not in the LMWH groups. Aminotransferases increased in all 3 groups. There was no difference in mean capillary bleeding time between the 3 treatment groups.

Although this material is relatively small, our findings suggest that LMWH seems to be of similar effectivity as UFH.
Platelet Sequestration During Hypothermia in Dogs Treated with Sulphinpyrazone and Ticlopidine - Reversibility Accelerated After Intra-Abdominal Rewarming
Authors: Pina-Cabral J M , Ribeiro-da-Silva A , Almeida-Dias A
Published: July 2018

During body cooling, a progressive thrombocytopenia is observed, with platelet sequestration mainly in the liver. Platelets return progressively to the circulation during re warming. In this work the presence of platelet clumps is demonstrated by electron microscopy inside the hepatic sinusoids of dogs cooled to 20° C by immersion in iced water. Such clumps were not found either before cooling or after body rewarming. Similar platelet clumps in the hepatic microcirculation were found in two other groups of dogs cooled and rewarmed as before, but previously treated with the antiaggregants sulphinpyrazone or ticlopidine. Another group of dogs was cooled and rewarmed by intra-abdominal circulation of physiological saline respectively at 4° C and 40° C. In these animals a similar decrease of circulating platelets was observed. However, just after re warming was started, with the body temperature still at 22° C, sequestered platelets came back abruptly to circulation. We conclude that hepatic platelet sequestration induced by hypothermia appears mainly due to local haemodynamic conditions.
The Effects of Acute Smoking on Platelet Behaviour, Fibrinolysis and Haemorheology in Habitual Smokers
Authors: Belch J J F , McArdle B M , Burns P , Lowe G D O , Forbes C D
Published: July 2018

There is an increased frequency of arterial thrombosis in cigarette smokers. The changes in blood coagulation seen in these subjects have been studied by many workers but results have not always been in agreement. We wished to study the effects of acute .smoking on platelet behaviour, fibrinolysis and haemorheology in ten habitual smokers, and to compare these results with nonsmoking controls. Results show that the smoking group had higher plasma fibrinogen (p <0.04), lower plasminogen (p <0.02) and plasminogen activator (p <0.05), and higher plasma viscosity (p <0.003). The changes seen in cigarette smokers after smoking three cigarettes were an increase in the rate of platelet aggregation to ADP (p <0.02), an increase in α2M, (p <0.02), and factor VIII RAG (p <0.05). Plasma viscosity was decreased (p <0.02) as was red cell deformability (p >0.02).

We confirm an increased tendency to hypercoagulability in smokers compared to controls which becomes more pronounced immediately after smoking three cigarettes.
On a Possible Interaction Between ADP and Mechanical Stimulation in Platelet Activation
Authors: Aursnes Ivar , Vikholm Vibeke
Published: July 2018

Freshly drawn blood with inhibited plasma coagulation, but normal Ca++-concentration, was lightly centrifuged to produce platelet rich plasma (PRP). In order to minimize mixing of the various parts of the blood during the centrifugation, the red cells were centrifuged into a “cushion” of albumin in the bottom of the tube. Platelets harvested from the different parts of the centrifuge tube exhibited different degrees of activation, i. e. they possessed different abilities to aggregate when tested afterwards in an aggregometer. Complete ADP scavenging during the centrifugation inhibited the platelet activation, and it was therefore assumed that ADP released from red cells during the centrifugation was partly responsible for this. But as the ADP concentration at hand could be significantly reduced enzymatically without reducing the activation of the platelets by the centrifuge, mechanical stimulation during the centrifugation was postulated as a contributing factor. Prostaglandin synthesis inhibition during the centrifugation retarded the activation of the platelets in the tube.
Neutralization of the Local Negative Charge Carried by Glycoprotein (GP)-Ib in Ristocetin-Induced Platelet Agglutination
Authors: Tanoue K , Jung S M , Yamamoto N , Yamazaki H
Published: July 2018

Pretreatment of platelets with chymotrypsin dose-dependently decreased glycoprotein (GP)-Ib amounts as measured by SDS- PAGE, ristocetin-induced agglutination and platelet electrophoretic mobility (EPM). Decrease in platelet EPM in response to 0.75 mg/ml ristocetin alone were 7.0 ± 2.3 and 6.8 ± 4.3% (M ± S.E., n = 6) for control and chymotrypsin-treated platelets, respectively (p >0.2). Von Willebrand factor (vWF) alone had no effect on platelet EPM. However, in the presence of 0.75 mg/ml ristocetin, added vWF (2.9 μg/ml) caused a further 6.3 ± 3.8% decrease in control platelet EPM, but caused no significant decrease in the enzyme-treated platelets (p >0.05). In the presence of 0.3 mg/ml ristocetin, added vWF (2.9-14.5 μg/ml) caused a small but significant decrease in control platelet EPM, but caused no significant decrease in the enzyme-treated platelets.

These findings suggested that the GP-Ib carrying negative charge decreased by binding of vWF might facilitate a mutual approach of the GP-Ib molecules and bridge formation by vWF between different platelets.
A Sequential Study of Plasma Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein and Plasminogen in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Jespersen Jørgen , Gram Jørgen , Bach Elsa
Published: July 2018

In a prospective study of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), detected by the Tc-plasmin test, in 34 patients with acute myocardial infarction sequential determinations were made in plasma by immunologic methods of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) and total plasminogen and the concentrations of free plasminogen calculated. Mean plasma HRG concentrations were consistently higher in the group of patients, in which Tc-plasmin scanning had revealed the existence of DVT. The effect of HRG caused the level of free plasminogen to be only 50–60% of the level of total plasminogen. Fluctuations of HRG caused only minor changes in free plasminogen concentrations. Our data suggest that HRG acts as a weak, negative acute phase reactant.
Platelet-Platelet Recognition During Aggregation: Distinct Mechanisms Determined by the Release Reaction
Authors: Agam Galila , Livne Avinoam
Published: July 2018

Fixed platelets, bearing covalently bound fibrinogen, were previously shown to participate passively in aggregation induced by thrombin or A23187. The bound fibrinogen was specifically required for the interaction. The present study examines the role of the release reaction in controlling the passive participation of the fixed platelets in aggregation. Aggregation of fresh platelets induced by low ADP concentration (≤2 μM) was not augmented by the fixed platelets, but was augmented when higher concentrations of ADP were employed. Fixed platelets failed to enhance aggregation of aspirin-treated fresh platelets induced by 10 μM ADP; the augmentation capability was reconstituted by a supernatant fraction from platelets activated by 10 μM ADP in the presence of EDTA. The binding of soluble fibrinogen to activated fresh platelets occurred regardless of the release reaction, but the interaction of fragmented fixed platelets bearing bound fibrinogen with aggregating fresh platelets was apparent only when release took place. It is concluded that fibrinogen covalently bound to fixed platelets is selectively recognized by released compound(s).
Influence of Yoga on Blood Coagulation
Authors: Chohan I S , Nayar H S , Thomas P , Geetha N S
Published: July 2018

Yoga is known to induce beneficial effects on physiological, biochemical and mental functions in man. Its effects on blood coagulation are not known. A study was conducted in seven previously untrained male adults who underwent a combination of yogic exercises, daily for one hour, over a period of four months. Parameters of blood coagulation were estimated before and after the end of yoga training. The following changes were observed: Fibrinolytic activity increased significantly with a concomitant fall in fibrinogen; activated partial thromboplastin time and platelet aggregation time were prolonged; blood and plasma platelets showed a rise; and both haemoglobin and heamatocrit were raised at the end of the training.

These findings suggest that yoga induces a state of blood hypocoagulability. The impact of yoga on prevention of cardiovascular and thrombotic disorders is obvious.
Identification of Subpopulations of Human Urinary Plasminogen Activators
Authors: Hart David A , Kramer Robert , Cieplak Witold
Published: July 2018

Enzymes functioning as plasminogen activators in commercial urokinase preparations and individual human urine concentrates were subjected to affinity chromatography on columns of lentil lectin-sepharose, ricin-sepharose, wheat germ agglutinin-sephar-ose, lotus lectin-sepharose and concanavalin A-sepharose.

Chromatography of the enzymes from both sources yielded similar results for all lectins except lentil lectin. Urokinase from several commercial sources was approximately 50% adherent to lentil lectin-sepharose while only 5-10% of the urinary plasminogen activators from individuals was adherent to this lectin. SDS-PAGE followed by zymography indicated that the observed differences between commercial and individual samples could be due to the presence in urine concentrates of subpopulations of plasminogen activators which were absent from the commercial samples.
Outcome of Treatment of Deep-Vein Thrombosis with Urokinase: Relationship to Dosage, Duration of Therapy, Age of the Thrombus and Laboratory Changes
Authors: D’Angelo A , Mannucci P M
Published: July 2018

Forty-one patients with phlebographically proven DVT of the popliteal, femoral or iliac veins were treated with different regimens of urokinase (UK) given by continuous intravenous infusion. The four groups were comparable with respect to localization, extension and estimated age of the thrombi. Another phlebographic picture was taken within 48 hr after the end of UK infusion. Substantial lysis had occurred in 2 of 10 patients treated with 1500 U/kg/h for 2 days, in 4 of 11 treated with 2500/U/kg/h for 3 days, in 2 of 10 treated with 2500 U/kg/h for 7 days and in 4 of 10 treated with 4000 U/kg/h for 4 days. Only thrombi younger than 8 days could be lysed, with 61% (8/13) rate of lysis for thrombi less than 5 days old. Bleeding complications were observed more frequently with the higher doses and longer durations of therapy. The four treatment regimens all induced dose-dependent changes in fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products, plasminogen and antiplasmin. Neither pre- nor postinfusion values of these parameters could differentiate patients with lysis from those without lysis. It is concluded that UK can provoke a high rate of thrombolysis of DVT treated early after the appearance of symptoms but that there is no relationship between UK-induced modifications of fibrinolysis and the outcome of therapy.
Effect of Venous Stasis on Vessel Wall Fibrinolysis
Authors: Stenberg Björn , Bylock Anders , Risberg Bo
Published: July 2018

The effects of prolonged venous stasis on release of plasminogen activators (PA) from the caval vein of rats were studied.

PA activity was continuously reduced in the intimal layer and after 8 hr of stasis the reduction was statistically significant. After 2 and 3 days no intimal PA activity was found. The PA activity in the adventitial vasa vasorum was unchanged during the experimental period.
Human Leukocyte Elastase-Like Proteinase Purified by Affinity Chromatography with Suc-L-Tyr-D-Leu-D-Val-pNA, and Its Identification with Human Spleen Fibrinolytic Proteinase
Authors: Nagamatsu Y , Okamoto U , Tsuda Y , Okada Y
Published: July 2018

Elastase-like proteinase (ELP) extracted with 2 M NaClO4 from human leukocytes was purified by a new affinity chromatography technique with Suc-L-Tyr-D-Leu-D-Val-pNA, following delipidation, salting out and Sephadex gel chromatography. The purified preparation contained practically no chymotrypsin-like proteinase activity, and it was homogeneous on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme so purified readily degraded fibrin, fibrinogen, elastin and -Val type synthetic peptide substrates, such as Suc-L-Ala-L-Tyr-L-Leu-L-Val-pNA and Suc-L-Tyr-L-Leu-L-Val-pNA. A special increase in ELP activity by adding chaotropic ions was observed. The enzymatic properties of the ELP were very similar to those of spleen fibrinolytic proteinase (SFP). ELP and SFP were identified immunologically using mice antisera against purified ELP.
Acute Platelet Activation Induced by Smoking
Authors: Schmidt Kai Gjerløff , Rasmussen Jens Wæver
Published: July 2018

Indices of acute in vivo platelet activation in response to cigarette smoking were sought in 10 healthy subjects. Judging by platelet aggregate ratio, platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin measurements, platelet activation took place from 10 to 30 min after smoking in most subjects. These signs correlated well with the results of scintigraphic studies showing signs of accumulation of 111-In-labelled platelets in the spleen in response to smoking.
Congenital Hemorrhagic Disorders in Jordan
Authors: Awidi Abdalla S
Published: July 2018

The results of a three year prospective study of inherited bleeding syndromes in Jordan is presented. There were 112 patients from 64 families. Of these there were 42 patients with hemophilia A, 23 with Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia, 22 with von Willebrand’s disease, 11 with Christmas disease, 6 with hypofibrinogenemia, 3 with afibrinogenemia, 2 with factor XIII deficiency, 2 with storage pool disease and 1 with factor XI deficiency. The pattern of inherited bleeding syndromes in Jordan is different from that seen in Europe and U.S.A. in that Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia is very common. High proportion of hemophiliacs were severe. Arthropathy was common. A significant number of bleeders had fatal hemorrhage. In a high proportion of patients, no family history of bleeding was found.