bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus mosseae and Festuca arundinacea in Phytostabilization of Lead/Zinc Tailings
Authors: Gu Hai Hong , Li Fu Ping , Yu Qiang , Gao Yu Qian , Yuan Xue Tao
Published: May 2013

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae on growth, metal accumulation and translocation of Festuca arundinacea for the phytostabilization of lead/zinc tailings in this study. The results showed that mycorrhizal inoculation substantially enhanced the growth of F. arundinacea and significantly decreased Pb and Cd concentrations in shoots. The bioconcentration factor and translocation factor values of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd of F. arundinacea were much lower than 1, and inoculation further inhibited Pb, Cu and Cd translocation from roots into shoots, while enhanced Zn translocation. These results suggested that F. arundinacea inoculated with mycorrhizal might be a potential measure for revegetation of Pb/Zn tailings, especial for Pb, Cu and Cd stabilization, in northern China.
Three Dimensional Bacteria Concentration by Negative Dielectrophoresis
Authors: Hisajima T. , Mao L. , Shinzato K. , Nakano M. , Suehiro J.
Published: May 2013

Thispaper reports a novel method to concentrate bacteria in three-dimension by negative dielectrophoretic (n-DEP) force in a microchannel. This was achieved by placing a thin dielectric layer on one of a pair of parallel plate electrodes. The dielectric layer having a home-plate like pentagonal shape, forms a gradient of electric field causing n-DEP. A three-dimensional numerical simulation of bacteria trajectory predicts that bacteria flowing a microchannel were three-dimensionally concentrated beneath the tip of the pentagonal dielectric thin layer. The trajectory and concentration of bacteria under n-DEP force were also experimentally confirmed using Escherichia coli cells. Bacteria moved along edges of the dielectric layer and were pushed to the opposite electrode, resulting in their concentration in three-dimension. The proposed device might be applicable to selective concentration of bacteria depending on their dielectric properties.
Electrical and Optical Properties of Electron Irradiated ZnO: Li Thin Films
Authors: Biradar Balaji , Jali V.M. , Murali B. , Krupanidhi S.B. , Sanjeev Ganesh
Published: May 2013

The effects of 8 MeV electron irradiation (with variable fluence) on the electrical and optical properties of Lithium doped Zinc oxide thin films prepared by sol-gel synthesis are reported. There is a decrease in crystallinity and crystallite size with increase in fluence, as confirmed by XRD and SEM. We observe a decrease in transmittance, band gap and refractive index, while there is an increase in the extension coefficient with the fluence. I-V measurements have shown a decrease in leakage current and interestingly, the metal-semiconductor-metal (M-S-M) device shows only the ohmic behavior after irradiation.
Boron Removal by Means of Precipitation Process with Magnesium Hydroxide
Authors: Aydın Nalan Erdöl
Published: May 2013

The presence of boron compounds in waters increases in a continuous and parellel way to industrial development. Therefore, their harmful effects an living organisms also increases, especially on plants, since this element manifests an important micronutrient-toxic boron duality. Boron is widely distributed in the environment, mainly in the form of boric asid or borate salts. Generally speaking, this element is an important micronutrient for living organisms, but the range between deficiency and excess is narrow. For this reason, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendsin ist Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, a maximum boron concentration of 0.3 mgL-1. The same norms are recommended when seawater is used as a source of water. The aim of this study to investigate the influence of different operation variables within the precipitation process of boron with magnesium hydroxide when boron stock solution is being treated. Operation variables are precipitant amount, stirring speed, contact duration, pH, temperature.
Influence of Active Hydrogen Discharged from Palladium-Nickel Alloy Powder on Biological Cells
Authors: Motoishi Aiko , Kagawa Akio , Matsuzaki Makoto , Tanaka Kunihiko , Yamamoto Masataka , Tagawa Yutaka
Published: May 2013

A selective cancer cell death induced by discharged hydrogen from Pd-Ni base hydrogen storage alloy (HSA) powder is demonstrated. From the cell experiment and the measurement of surviving cell rate, it was found that cell death was seen only in cancer cells (HeLa : cervical cancer cell) after 24h- and 48h-immersion of Pd-5at.%Ni alloy powder, while no harmful influence was observed in normal cells (MDCK : renal epithelial cell). The range of cancer cell death was limited just near the HSA powder. It is suggested that the hydrogen radical emitted from the HSA powder induces the formation of hydrogen peroxide and brings a detrimental effect in the cancer cell, while hydrogen peroxide is decomposed by the enzyme, catalase, in normal cells, resulting in the selective death of cancer cells.
Reduction-Roast Leaching of Low-Grade Pyrolusite Using Bagasse as a Reducing Agent
Authors: Long Yun Fei , Su Jing , Ye Xian Jia , Su Hai Feng , Wen Yan Xuan
Published: May 2013

Bagasse, a fibrous residue from sugarcane juice extraction, was used as a reducing agent to roast low-grade pyrolusite in N2. The roasted ore was further leached using sulfuric acid, to convert manganese oxide in the ore to manganese sulfate. The effects of weight ratio of bagasse to manganese ore, roasting temperature, roasting time, leaching temperature, leaching time, stirring speed and sulfuric acid concentration on the leaching recovery of manganese were investigated. Optimal conditions were determined to be a bagasse to manganese ore weight ratio of 0.8:10, roasting temperature of 500°C for 40 min, leaching stirring speed of 100 rpm, sulfuric acid concentration of 3 mol•L-1 and leaching temperature of 50°C for 40 min. The leaching recovery rate of manganese was up to 97.8% at the optimal conditions.
Mechanism of Cancer Cell Death Induced by Hydrogen Discharged from Palladium Base Hydrogen Storage Alloy
Authors: Matsuzaki Makoto , Kagawa Akio , Motoishi Aiko , Tanaka Kunihiko , Yamamoto Masataka , Tagawa Yutaka
Published: May 2013

The mechanism of cancer cell death induced by hydrogen discharged from Pd-5at.% Ni hydrogen storage alloy has been investigated. Cancer cell (HeLa : cervical cancer cell) death was observed in the limited region within ~ 3 mm from the sample. The measurement of surviving fraction of cells revealed that almost all the cancer cells in the well of 96-well multi plate, 6.2 mm in diameter were extinct (p < 0.01), while no detectable influence was observed in the normal cells. From the fluorescent imaging experiment, it was indicated that the cell death induced by discharged hydrogen was due to the “Apoptosis” and hydrogen peroxide was detected in both intracellular and extracellular regions. Furthermore, the generation of hydrogen radical and hydroxyl radical was observed in the ESR measurement. From the results obtained, the mechanism of cancer cell death is proposed.
The Study on Poly-Lysine-Alginate Microcapsules Mediated Virus Genomic DNA Transfection
Authors: Wang Guo Qing , Zhang Dan , Xia Liu Yuan , Zhang Nai Sheng
Published: May 2013

The goal in this paper is to investigate the efficiency of poly-PLL (Poly-L-lysine)/ Alg (Alginate) vector mediated virus genomic DNA transfection and the virus genomic DNA’s biological activity in vivo. After Pseudorabies virus (PRV) genomic DNA being adhered to the porous СаСО3 particles, PLL and Alg were alternately polymerized on the surface of the porous DNA-СаСО3 particles to 7 layers, which were later dissolved them by EDTA to remove СаСО3 cores; the vectors in which the DNA were coated by poly-PLL/Alg, were harvested to infect the rabbits and observe the replication of viral DNA. Porous СаСО3 particles, which were obtained from the reaction between Na2CO3 and CaCl2, had an efficiency of absorbing DNA 1 µg/mg СаСО3 particles. After being coated by PLL/Alg, microcapsules were obtained with the diameter of 2-4 µm. 10.0 µg of poly-PLL/Alg-PRV DNA microcapsules could cause rabbits’ death by intramuscular injection. The identification of PCR shows that the death was caused by PRV infection. The results indicate that Poly-PLL/Alg microcapsules can mediate efficient transfection of DNA.
Preconcentration of Arsenic in Radix aucklandiae by Sulfhydryl Cotton and Determination by Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry
Authors: Pan Qing Shan , Liu Wei , Yan He Ping , Zhou Bo , Wang Bao Sen , Xu Shi Juan
Published: May 2013

Using sulfhydryl cotton for preconcentration of arsenic in Radix aucklandiae and determination of the arsenic by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The samples were pretreated by high pressure digest. The experimental conditions such as negative high-voltage of instrument, preconcentration conditions and separation conditions of arsenic were studied and optimized. There was a good linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and arsenic concentration in the range of 0-10μg/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997, while the detection limits was 0.06μg/L, and the relative standard deviation was 1.7% .The content of arsenic in the samples was 68.9-252.3µg/kg and the recovery was 90.0-95.0%.
Fabrication and Methyl Blue Adsorption Kinetics of α-Fe2O3 Nanotubes by Electrospinning
Authors: Wang Qiu Ju , Liu Rui Jiang , Shen Xiang Qian , Wu Ding Mei , Li He Hao
Published: May 2013

The α-Fe2O3nanotubes were prepared by the eletrospinning and calcination process. The as-prepared α-Fe2O3nanotubes were characterized by XRD, SEM and BET. The XRD patterns show that the nanotubes with a pure hematite phase (α-Fe2O3) are obtained after calcination at 550 oC. The SEM morphologies and BET measurement demonstrate the nanotubes have an average diameter of 200-300 nm and a specific surface area of 15.1 m2/g. Their adsorption of methyl blue was studied with ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV) to measure the concentration of methyl blue in aqueous solution, and the adsorption kinetics is basically in agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model in the methyl blue concentration range of 100-300 mg/L.
Structure and Piezoelectric Properties of Aluminum Nitride Thin Films on Quartz Substrates Deposited by Reactive RF-Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Thedsakhulwong Amorn , Locharoenrat Kitsakorn , Thowladda Warawoot
Published: May 2013

This paper presents the effect of nitrogen concentration (CN) on aluminum-nitride bonding formation, structure and morphology of the aluminum nitride films. The films on the unheated substrates were deposited by radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering technology using an aluminum target under argon/nitrogen mixture atmosphere. The FTIR and Raman spectra of the films confirmed their absorption bands corresponding to E1(TO), A1(TO), and E2(high) vibration modes of the infrared active aluminum-nitride bonding. The crystallographic orientation of the films was optimized under CNof 40%. The cross-sectional FE-SEM image of the film under this condition showed the columnar structure. The dense columnar grains were uniformly observed on the films surface under all CN, except for CNof 20%. The bulk resistivity and piezoelectric property were investigated via the metal-insulator-metal structures. The results showed that the resistivity was in a range of 1014-1015Ωcm while the effective piezoelectric coefficient was 11.03 pm/V.
Research on Nitrogen Removal by ANAMMOX Biofilter Process in Different Concentrations
Authors: Zhang Li Cheng , Xu Hao , Zheng Tie Qiang
Published: May 2013

To study the concentration of anammox process in the biofilter .Making ANAMMOX biofilter as the reactor, control the reaction water temperature at 25~31°C,increasing the influent concention of NH4+-N and NO2--N gradually to study the rule of denitrification of ANAMMOX biological filter layers in different concentrations load variation. ANAMMOX biofilter filter layer biomass distribution after the frist increase and then decrease gradually, the last flatten the trend. The biomass of ANAMMOX is concentrated in the 0~50cm filter layer and inlet at low biomass.The denitrification performance of ANAMMOX best at the concentration of NH4+-N and NO2--N 90 mg/L,120mg/L, but will be greater inhibited at the concentration of NH4+-N and NO2--N higher than 120 mg/L,160mg/L.
Computational Analysis of a Fixed Bed Thermal Oxidizer for Solid Wastes Disposal
Authors: Mtui P.L.
Published: May 2013

Combustion control techniques have become a legal requirement to minimize pollution in municipal solid waste incinerators. Typically, incinerator destruction of pollutants is achieved when 2-second gas residence time at 8500 Celsius and about 6% O2 are guaranteed at exit. Performance of a fixed bed (two-stage) thermal oxidizer for solid waste is analyzed numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. The CFD analysis provides three-dimensional view of thermal and gas flow field inside the thermal oxidizer chamber. Localized zones of temperature and species concentration were analyzed and provided critical information for understanding the thermo-chemical processes taking place during incineration leading into design optimization and the operation strategy of the thermal oxidizer. Based on the CFD results, the original design of the thermal oxidizer was modified to optimize the flow characteristics and the residence time in the secondary chamber thereby achieving complete combustion of gases emanating from the lower chamber, hence less emissions of CO.
Evaluation on Antioxidant Activities of Extracts from Chinese Herbs and Application in the Pear Wine Brewing
Authors: Zhang Da Wei , Zhang Jie , Hong Lei Dong , Liang Fang
Published: May 2013

The antioxidant activity of forty kinds of Chinese herbs extraction were evaluated by DPPH and FRAP assay. Eight kinds of them were found to possess strong antioxidant activity including Magnolia and Rhus chinensis Mill. and so on. The antioxidant activities of these Chinese herbs were determined after adding the pear wine by evaluating total polyphenols content using Folin-Ciocaileu method. The results showed that Magnolia and Rhus chinensis Mill. had high antioxidant activities in eight Chinese herbs in pear wine.
Cloud Point Extraction-Fluorimetric Combined Methodology for the Determination of Magnolol
Authors: Liu Li , Zhu Xia Shi
Published: May 2013

A new Triton X-114 cloud point extraction combined with fluorometry method for analysis of magnolol in drug samples was developed. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 2.0-150.0ng/mL of magnolol in the initial solution with r = 0.9998. Detection limit (DL) was 0.03ng/mL (S/N=3) and the relative standard deviation (RSD) for 20.0ng/mL of magnolol was 2.79%(n=11). The method was successfully applied for the determination of magnolol in drug samples with satisfactory results.
A Novel Methodology that Combined Fast Chromatography and Antioxidant Activities Screening in Baimai Prescription Research
Authors: Zhang Zi Qian , Chen Xiao Yu , Duan Yun Xia , Liang Fang , Liu Qing Shan , Zhao Duo Ming
Published: May 2013

To tackle the difficult problem of large ethnomedicine compound prescription research in a fast and efficient way, high-speed separation of Baimai prescriptions was performed by automated flash chromatography on 100-g Si flash columns at a flow-rate of 40 mL/min. Petroleum ether, methylene dichloride, ethyl acetate, methanol and water were used in gradient elution solvent system. 69 fractions were obtained as an ethnodrug compounds library. Separation degree of partial fractions were determined by HPLC-UV absorption spectrometry. Antioxidant activities screening of the fractions in 96 well plates was carryied out. Distribution range of fractions with strong scavenging effect of free radical DPPH was identified. Fraction 5-18 and 20 extracted from ethyl acetate exert the strongest antioxidant activities in vitro, and are identified as effective-composite of the prescription in radical scavenging. The results reported here suggest that the methods used may lead to improvements in the research and development of large ethnomedicine compound prescription.
Recombinant Human Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Protects MCAO/R Rat Brain against Neuronal Degeneration and Apoptosis by Regulating NOS Expression
Authors: Liu Qing Shan , Zhang Zi Qian , Chen Xiao Yu , Zhao Duo Ming , Duan Yun Xia , Fang Liang , Yin Xiao Ying
Published: May 2013

To research the effects and mechanisms of recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor (rhCNTF) on ischemia/reperfusion in vivo and in vitro, rhCNTF was biosynthesized, and ischemia/reperfusion-like models were used. Protection by rhCNTF was studied at the in vivo level using a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) in rats. RhCNTF was administrated just before reperfusion. RhCNTF markedly increased animal viability, decreased infarct volumes and neurological deficit scores. Primary cortical neuronal cultures were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation, and treated with rhCNTF prophylactically. Results indicated that neuronal survival rates were increased, LDH release was decreased and lose of neurite length were alleviated in rhCNTF group, and this protection was associated with nerotrophic effect, nitric oxide and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS). The data suggest that rhCNTF may be a good therapeutic reagent to reduce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and may act by NOS regulation.
Made Polypeptide from Sipunculs Nudus by Papain Enzymolysis and its Effects on Hydroxy Radical Cleaning
Authors: Zhu Yin Ling , Li Si Dong , Liao Yan , Li Jiang Ming
Published: May 2013

The polypeptide of Sipunculs nudus was prepared by papain. The optimum papain enzymolysis process to Sipunculs nudus was confirmed by means of single factor analysis and orthogonal test, it showed as below: 300U/g of enzyme addition amount, 50°C of temperature, 60min of enzymolysis time and pH7.0. The clearance rate of hydroxy radical is 95.42% according to the optimum process on Sipunculs nudus enzymolysis. The HPLC chromatogram showed that the prepared component of antioxidative active polypeptide according to such condition is single and its molecular weight is 5868. The results of experiment shows that Sipunculs nudus polypeptide have high inoxidizability and high removing free radicals ability.
Multiple-Instrument Analysis and their Relationship with Process Development
Authors: Zhang Chang Ming , Su Xiao Li
Published: May 2013

The waste polymer-polyethylene (PE) was treated in a supercritical water (SCW) system under different operation conditions (such as temperature, heat rate and ratio of water and PE material). The obtained liquid oil products and solid-products were analyzed by conjunct methods including high performance gel penetration chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography (GC). A relationship of the characteristics of the products and the operation conditions in waste treatment was established. The results of FTIR and GC analyses indicated that the liquid oil products contain a large amount of alkanes, which are suitable for using as fuel oil. Through a series of experiments, the optimum operation conditions were defined as follows：The amount of PE sample: 6g, H2O/PE ratio: 6/1, the reaction temperature (Tem): 460° C, heating rate (Vt): 7.66 (°C / second), the yield of products: 86.0%.
The Decomposition Pathways of CH2SiCl3, CH3SiCl2 and CH2SiCl2 in CVD of SiC from MTS/H2 System
Authors: Wang Xin , Su Ke He , Wang Yan Li , Deng Juan Li
Published: May 2013

The decomposition pathways in CVD preparing SiC with CH3SiCl3-H2 precursors was searched theoretically, which involves 54 well-defined transition states. The geometries of the species were optimized by employing the B3PW91/6-311G(d,p) method. The transition states as well as their linked intermediates were confirmed with frequency and the intrinsic reaction coordinates analyses. The energy barriers and the reaction energies were evaluated with the accurate model chemistry method at G3(MP2) level after a non-dynamical electronic correlation detection. The heat capacities and entropies were obtained with statistical thermodynamics. The Gibbs free energies at 298.15 K and 1200 K for all of the reactions were reported. The energies at any temperature could be derived classically by using the analytical heat capacities. All the possible elementary reactions, including both direct decomposition and the radical attacking dissociations for CH2SiCl3, CH3SiCl2 and CH2SiCl2 were examined. A free radical reaction mechanism was proposed.
Molecular Kinetic Based Dielectric Polarization in Sol-Gel Derived Nanocrystalline CaCu3Ti4O12
Authors: Kumar Ranjit , Zulfequar M. , Senguttuvan T.D.
Published: May 2013

Nano-sized powders of dielectric CaCu3Ti4O12 was synthesized by sol-gel reaction route. The powders are calcined at 700 °C and sintered at 1000 °C. The calcined powders diameter is in the range of 50 - 150 nm. Structural studies were carried out using the XRD, HRTEM and SEM. Frequency dependent dielectric properties were studied within the range of 20 Hz to 5 MHz. Molecular kinetics associated with dielectric relaxations is analyzed by Havriliak Negami function. It is found that the grain dipoles obey the Debye type of dielectric relaxation, while grain boundary dipoles follow the Cole-Cole type of dielectric relaxation. The observed grain and grain boundary dipole relaxation time are 6.598E-08 sec and 5.755E-04 sec, respectively.
A Taste and Odor Sensing by Photoluminescence Responses of Luminescent Metal Organic Frameworks
Authors: Lee Hung Lin , Lee Tu , Liu Zheng Xin , Tsai Meng Hsun , Tsai Yee Chen , Lin Tsung Yan , Cheng Shao Liang , Lee Sheng Wei , Hu Jung Chih , Chen Lien Tai
Published: May 2013

The sensors of taste and odor play important roles of recognition as well as reception. In our research, the taste and odor sensing capabilities were based on the photoluminescence (PL) responses of luminescent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). For the sensing of taste, [In(OH)(bdc)]n(bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) and [Tb(btc)] (MOF-76, btc = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate), were tested on aqueous solutions of five basic tastants such as sucrose (sweet), caffeine (bitter), citric acid (sour), sodium chloride (salty) and monosodium glutamate (umami). The photoluminescence (PL) responses of polyacrylic acid-chelated [In(OH)bdc]n and lanthanide Tb(btc) were used to demonstrate the applicability of MOF-based biomimetic tongue through: (1) identification of five tastes: sweet, bitter, sour, salty and umami, by 3-D PCA (principle component analysis) to distinguish the corresponding tastants, (2) quantification of the strength of five tastes determined by the relationships between the PL intensity and the τ scale of taste. For the sensing of odor, [In(OH)(bdc)]nand [Zn4O(bdc)3] (MOF-5) were exposed to the odorants such as cumin, cinnamon, vanillin, p-xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene, water, and ethanol. Similarly, the MOF-based biomimetic nose could distinguish the odors of the analytes based on a pattern recognition method (i.e., principal component analysis) constructed by the 2-D map of PL emission responses.
Nanoscale Permanent Rings in Two- or Three-Dimensional Structure Constructed by the Self-Assembly of Copper(II)-Macrocyclic Complexes and Tetracyanonickelate(II)
Authors: Kwak Chee Hun , Chang Mee , Chung Min Chul
Published: May 2013

Self-assembly of polyazamacricyclic complexes of copper(II), [Cu(H2L1]4+, where L1 = 1,8-bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,3,6,8,13-hexaazacyclotetradecane, and [Cu(H2L2)]2+, where L2 = 1,8-bis(4-butylic acid)-1,3,6,8,13-hexaazacyclotetradecane, [Ni(CN)4]2- produces two-dimensional permanent ring structure (1) and three-dimensional network structure (2), respectively, in crystalline solid. The geometry around copper(II) ion is an z-elongated octahedron (1) and square pyramid (2). Inter molecular hydrogen bonding of 1 produces one-dimensional ring chain and 2 produces one-dimensional zig-zag shape coordination polymer. Hydrogen bonding of neighboring chains of 1 produces two-dimensional permanent ring structure with a nanoscale area and that of 2 produces three-dimensional network structure having one-dimensional channels with nanoscale cross-section in crystalline solid.
Effect of Spinrate on the Structural, Optical and Surface Properties of the Sol-Gel Spin Coated Zinc Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Selvi M. Senthamizh , Subramanian N. Sankara , Rajathi S.
Published: May 2013

Zinc Oxide thin films have been deposited on glass substrates at different spin rate by sol-gel spin coating method. XRD measurement of the ZnO films confirms the Wurtzite hexagonal phase with the preferred orientation along the C-axis (002) plane. The other characteristic orientations (100) and (101) have also been observed. The average crystallite size evaluated from the XRD data lies between 5 nm and 20 nm. The crystallographic parameters viz., lattice constants, mean crystalline size, dislocation density, texture coefficient and standard deviation have been calculated from the XRD data. The estimated texture coefficient indicates the oriented overgrowth of (002) plane for the ZnO films spin coated up to the spin rate 3500 rpm. ZnO thinfilm spin coated at 4000 rpm and 3500 rpm shows maximum transmittance of 87.5% and 88.5 % respectively at 850 nm. The measured direct band gap energy of the ZnO films coated at different spin rates varies between 3 eV and 3.3 eV. The grain size observed from the microstructure of AFM is around 50 nm and this indicates the aggregation of nanosize cryatallites. The effect of spin rate on the structural, optical and surface properties of the spin coated ZnO thinfilms have been investigated and reported.
Mechanical Properties of Anode Layer of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell after Reduction
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Wang Feng Hui
Published: May 2013

The mechanical properties, such as hardness and elastic modulus, are determined by a work of indentation. The work of indentation method works well even though pile up is observed because of the use of the energy dissipated or work done during the indentation. In this work, nanoindentation tests are carried out for the anode layer of half-cell structure of solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs), the typical mechanical properties are derived by the work of indentation.
Stability Analysis of a Thin Pseudoplastic Fluid with Condensation Effects Flowing on a Rotating Circular Disk
Authors: Lin Ming Che
Published: May 2013

This paper investigates the linear stability of a thin axisymmetric pseudoplastic fluid with condensation effects flowing on a rotating circular disk. Long-wave perturbation analysis is proposed to derive a generalized kinematic model of the physical system with a small Reynolds number. The method of normal mode is applied to study the linear stability. The neutral stability curve and the linear growth rate are obtained subsequently as the by-products of linear solution. The study reveals that the rotation number generates a destabilizing effect in pseudoplastic fluid. The degree of the flow index n plays a vital role in stabilizing the film flow.
The Effect of Ternary Material (Zr, Y, and O) High-k Gate Dielectrics
Authors: Lin K.C. , Chou C.H. , Chen J.Y. , Li C.J. , Huang J.Y. , Liu C.H.
Published: May 2013

In this research, the Y2O3 layer is doped with the zirconium through co-sputtering and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 550°C, 700°C, and 850°C. Then the Al electrode is deposited to generate two kinds of structures, Al/ZrN/ Y2O3/ Y2O3+Zr/p-Si and Al/ZrN/ Y2O3+Zr/ Y2O3/p-Si. According to the XRD results, when Zr was doped on the upper layer, the crystallization phenomenon was more significant than Zr was at the bottom layer, meaning that Zr may influence the diffusion of the oxygen. The AFM also shows that the surface roughness of Zr has worse performance. For the electrical property, the influence to overall leakage current is increased because the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) is thinner.
LCF Life Prediction Model of Coiled Tubing Based on Fatigue Damage Accumulation
Authors: Bi Zong Yue , Xian Lin Yun
Published: May 2013

This paper establishes a model to predict the fatigue behavior of coiled tubing subjected to variable total strain conditions. The approach based on nonlinear fatigue cumulative damage rule of effective hysteresis energy dissipation, but requires additional experimental results from fatigue tests that were performed under constant strain amplitude. Cyclic plastic strain energy is measured curve area of cyclic stress-strain curves. it is proved to be quite consistent between theoretical predictions and experimentl datas.
Investigation into the Influence of Coating Speed on Ink Penetration
Authors: Li Ying , Gu Wen Juan , He Bang Gui
Published: May 2013

The penetration of ink into the paper affects the final appearance of printing and the amount of ink usage. The main aim of this experiment was to investigate the efficiency of coating speed on surface properties and ink penetration and to characterize the penetration depth through quantitative analysis by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). The results indicated that the surface properties of coated paper could be adjusted and improved by increasing the coating speed. With the increasing of coating speed, ink penetration depth declined and ink penetration uniformity increased. It could be concluded that the coated paper with high coating speed compared with low coating speed resulted in lower ink usage and better printability on the condition of same print density.
The Simulation Analysis of MOSFET Channel Stress for Different Oxide/Nitride/Oxide (ONO) Spacer Thicknesses
Authors: Chen J.Y. , Chen Z.H. , Lin K.C. , Twu M.J. , Hung Y.H. , Chou P.Y. , Chen G.T. , Liu Y.S. , Liu C.H.
Published: May 2013

It is demonstrated that the strained-Si can enhance the channel stress with the contact etching stop layer (CESL) stressor. In addition to CESL, this article also includes ONO spacer and investigates the impact of ONO spacer thickness on the channel stress. It is found that the channel stress increases when the nitride thickness of the ONO spacer increases. On the other hand, the stress distribution is simulated and analyzed for the devices with or without CESL stressor. Generally speaking, based on the simulation results, the channel stress of MOSFET devices increases when the nitride stressor of ONO spacer and/or CESL increases.
The Analysis of the Process-Induced Channel Stress in N-MOSFET
Authors: Twu M.J. , Deng R.H. , Chen Z.H. , Tsai M.C. , Lin K.C. , Liu C.H.
Published: May 2013

This research analyzes internal stress in the N-MOSFET. The research has two parts. First, we explore the effect of N-MOSFET channel stress when CESL layer is not utilized. The dimensional effect of spacer upon channel stress in N-MOSFET with variant width of ONO (oxide, nitride, oxide) is compared. Second, with stress applied to CESL and the spacer stressor, long/short channel effects are analyzed. It is demonstrated that when the thickness of CESL and the height of gate increase, the channel stress under the gate dielectric layer becomes tensile, and the performance is improved in the short channel, resulting in the improved performance in the whole N-MOSFET. Therefore, better device characteristics can be expected through the approach disclosed in this paper.
Crystalline Defects in Silicon Wafer Caused by Prolonged High-Temperature Annealing in Nitrogen Atmosphere
Authors: Nakazawa Haruo , Ogino Masaaki , Teranishi Hideaki , Takahashi Yoshikazu , Habuka Hitoshi
Published: May 2013

A floating zone (FZ) silicon wafer produced from a Czochralski (CZ) single-crystal ingot was subjected to prolonged annealing at a high temperature. Precipitates were formed in a N2(70%)+O2(30%) ambient atmosphere. The precipitate regions manifested themselves as dark concentric rings in the X-ray topographs. According to the results of cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy observations and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy elemental analyses, nitrogen was distributed throughout the precipitate regions, while oxygen was rich in the periphery of the regions. A high concentration of nitrogen was also directly detected by secondary ion mass spectrometry in the mid-depth of the wafer in the precipitate regions. Electron diffraction analysis of the precipitates showed that their phase was α-Si3N4.
Nonlinear Buckling Finite Element Analysis of Stiffened Steel Plates
Authors: Gunay E. , Aygun C. , Yıldız Y. O.
Published: May 2013

In this paper, thin rectangular steel plates with stiffeners are examined under compressive loading. Consequently, nonlinear buckling finite element analysis (FEA) solutions are obtained by using ANSYS®. The local and global buckling patterns of stiffened steel plate geometries with simply supported boundary conditions are generated and critical buckling stresses are studied. Geometrically nonlinear buckling analyses are compared in order to evaluate the distributions of compressive stresses versus in-plane contractions and compressive stresses versus out-of plane deflections. Hence, it is concluded that there are critical load intervals. It is also observed that for critical loads, segments between stiffeners may switch from stable to unstable configurations under compressive stresses.
Biomechanics of Synthetic Elastin: Insights from Magnetic Resonance Microimaging
Authors: Momot Konstantin I. , Powell Sean K. , Mithieux Suzanne M. , Weiss Anthony S.
Published: May 2013

We used Magnetic Resonance microimaging (MRI) to study the compressive behaviour of synthetic elastin. Compression-induced changes in the elastin sample were quantified using longitudinal and transverse spin relaxation rates (R1 and R2, respectively). Spatially-resolved maps of each spin relaxation rate were obtained, allowing the heterogeneous texture of the sample to be observed with and without compression. Compression resulted in an increase of both the mean R1 and the mean R2, but most of this increase was due to sub-locations that exhibited relatively low R1 and R2 in the uncompressed state. This behaviour can be described by differential compression, where local domains in the hydrogel with a relatively low biopolymer content compress more than those with a relatively high biopolymer content.
Organic/Inorganic Support for Immobilizing Cp2ZrCl2/ TiCl4 Hybrid Catalyst to Prepare Bimodal Polyethylene
Authors: Li Wei
Published: May 2013

Organic/inorganic support for immobilizing hybrid catalyst (Cp2ZrCl2/ TiCl4) was devised. Silica was the inorganic part using in the immobilization of Cp2ZrCl2. Subsequently, styrene and acrylic copolymer (PSA) was coated on the silica. TiCl4was finally supported on the PSA. PSA layer played obvious barrier ability to triethylaluminium (TEA) in the support which was observed by ethylene polymerization. This outstanding barrier property dramatically restrained the toxic effect of TEA to Cp2ZrCl2. Thus, the property of Cp2ZrCl2could be maintained using cocatalyst TEA. Bimodal polyethylene was achieved cocatalysted by TEA.
Preparation and Characteristic of Porous SiC Foamed Ceramics
Authors: Fang Zhang , Li Qiu Nan , Wang Hui Min , Zhao Guang Hua
Published: May 2013

Porous SiC foamed ceramics used raw material of SiC were prepared by adjusting slurry viscosity at 1400°C. Formed technology was dipping organic precursors. The result showed that the section of the sample presents three-dimensional net structure, wall of hole thickness is proper, the distribution of the hole are homogeneous, and have high porosity, apertures are small than 30 μm, the main crystal appearance is SiC. The strength of samples is been improved by dealing organic precursors. The slurry on the ribs is been increased.
Preparation of Aluminum Phosphate Low in Acidity and its Application on Fiber Protection
Authors: Wang Qiu Ru , Huo Ji Chuan , Lei Yong Lin , Ai Wei
Published: May 2013

With excellent physical and chemical properties, aluminum phosphate is a great potential high temperature protective coating of fiber. In this paper, a kind of aluminum phosphate low in acidity was prepared from aluminum isopropoxide (AIP) and diammonium phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) by hydrothermal and liquid-phase reaction methods respectively. The performance of aluminum phosphate prepared by the two methods was comparatively evaluated using FTIR, XRD, TG techniques. As a protective coating, aluminum phosphate was applied to the pre-treatment of high silica reinforced fiber cloth. After added 1% MgO, The SEM images indicated that aluminum phosphate prepared by hydrothermal method could cover the surface of the fiber more uniformly. The mechanical testing results showed that tensile strength of the obtained coated material was improved at high temperature.
Failure Behavior Numerical Test of Empress All-Ceramic Crowns
Authors: Fan Cheng
Published: May 2013

All-ceramic crown restorations are more widely used, however the brittleness of ceramics and stress mismatch of porcelain interlaminar often leads to damage of all-ceramic crown, and damage mechanism is not very clear. In this paper, a two dimensional model of Empress all-ceramic crowns is constructed using the RFPA (realistic failure process analysis) system to simulate the fracture process and analysis the fracture mechanism. The most advantage of this system is that the crack initiation, propagation and failure process of all-ceramic crown can be clearly observed and the research results provide guidance for clinical application.
Physicochemical and Sorption Properties of Steelmaking Flue Dust
Authors: Wu Liu Ming , Ren Hai Ping , Sun Zhong Xi
Published: May 2013

The physicochemical and surface properties of steelmaking flue dust were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, BET specific surface area, chemical composition analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, potentiometric titration, zeta potential and metal ion adsorption. The results show that the dust consists mostly of spherical shaped iron and calcium oxides fine particles, the surface of the dust is negatively charged at pH > 3. The dissolution of iron oxides can be used as a resource of Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions, together with hydrogen peroxide through a Fenton like process to degrade organic dyes in waste water treatment; The existence of calcium oxide gives the dust a high capacity to neutralize strong acid in solution; Owing to the negatively charged surface, large surface area and high alkalinity the dust can also be used as a cheap and very efficient adsorbent for removing metal ions from waste water.
Effect of Acceleration Voltage on Properties of Nitrogen-Doped TiO2 Thin Films
Authors: Fang Feng , Wu Xiao Qin , Li Qi , Shang Jian Ku
Published: May 2013

Titanium dioxide has been used for environmental applications. However, pure TiO2 has low photocatalytic efficiency outdoors because of its large energy band gap. Higher nitrogen-doping level would have lower band-gap energy and it would make it possible to improve the utilization ratio of solar energy. Heavily nitrogen-doped TiO2 could be obtained by using ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) technique. Acceleration voltage is a very important parameter of IBAD technique and will affect the processes of depositing thin film. Under the given experiment condition, acceleration voltage had little effect on the structure and absorbance spectra of the obtained nitrogen-doped titanium oxide thin films, but had great effect on the deposition rate, composition and surface morphology of the thin films. When the accelerate voltage was 250V, the deposition rate was the highest (about 9.0 nm/min), the resulting TiO2-xNx films contained nitrogen levels up to x =0.45, the structures were mostly crystalline anatase and the amount of shift was observed about 500 nm. The optimum acceleration voltage is about 250V under the given condition.
Fabrication of Biophotonic Devices with Retinoids and Life Time
Authors: Mitachi Seiko , Hidaka Akira , Nishimura Kohji , Yoshino Shohei
Published: May 2013

Research conducted to develop ultra-sensitive biophotonic devices using a layer by layer self assembly method with retinoic acid and chitosan is reported on in this paper. The devices had a photocurrent response and the response was sped-up with the introduction of Alq3 thin film.The lifetimes of these devices were measured and reported comparatively among the retinoids.
A Study of Compatibilization Effect on Physical Properties of Poly (Butylene Succinate) and High Density Polyethylene Blend
Authors: Aontee Ajcharaporn , Sutapun Wimonlak
Published: May 2013

The aim of this research is to improve compatibility of PBS/HDPE blend using HDPE-g-MAH as a compatibilizer. The effect of HDPE-g-MAH content on mechanical and thermal properties, and degree of crystallinity of PBS/HDPE/HDPE-g-MAH blend was investigated. The blends were prepared at PBS/HDPE weight ratio of 30/70 and HDPE-g-MAH was used at a content of 2, 4, 6 and 8 part per hundred of PBS and HDPE. The results showed that yield strength and stress at break of PBS/HDPE/HDPE-g-MAH blends insignificantly increased with adding HDPE-g-MAH more than 2 phr. In addition, addition of HDPE-g-MAH to the binary blends led to an increase of elongation at break while Young’s modulus of blends exhibited an insignificant change. The addition of HDPE-g-MAH into PBS/HDPE blend did not affect both flexural modulus and flexural strength. In addition, unnotched impact strength of the blends greatly increased with increasing HDPE-g-MAH content and PBS/HDPE blend containing 8 phr of HDPE-g-MAH were not fractured within the instrument limit. For thermal properties, the presence of HDPE-g-MAH did not affect degradation temperature of PBS domain and HDPE matrix. HDPE-g-MAH of 8 phr markedly influenced the degree of crystallinity of the PBS and HDPE.
The Research of the Orgince Silicone Emulsion Hybridized Chromium-Aluminum Phosphate Composites
Authors: Chen Da Qing , Wang Hai Bin , Huo Ji Chuan , Lei Yong Lin , Ai Wei
Published: May 2013

In the paper ,the preparation of the orgincesilicone emulsion hybridized chromium-aluminum phosphateand thecomposites was studied.The aluminum-chromium-phosphate washybridizedbyadding the orgincesilicone emulsio-n, the tensile lap-shear strength of the hybridized aluminum-chromium-phosphateincreasedfrom1.2MPato4.0MPaor more, its dielectricconstantwasreducedfromabout 4.0toabout3.6; the flexural strength of the composites was increased from80Mpa tomore than120Mpa and the the moisture rate of the composites reduced to about 1.6%
Comparative Study of Pure and Ni-Doped ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles for Structural, Optical and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Manikandan A. , Vijaya J. Judith , Kennedy L. John
Published: May 2013

Pure and Ni-doped ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles, Zn1-xNixFe2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) were synthesized by microwave combustion method (MCM). The structural, morphological and magnetic properties of the products were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). X-ray analysis showed that all the compositions crystallize with cubic spinel structure. The broadband visible emission is observed in the entire photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and the estimated energy band gap is about 2.1 eV. VSM measurements shows superparamagnetic behavior for lower concentration of Ni (x ≤ 0.2), whereas for higher concentration (x ≥ 0.2), it becomes ferromagnetic. The saturation magnetization (Ms) varies considerably with Ni content to reach a maximum value for Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 composition, i.e. 57.89 emu/g.
Polymer-Bitumen Binder with the Addition of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Vysotskaya Marina
Published: May 2013

In this paper regarded the modified polymer-bitumen binder with single walled carbon nanotubes
Characterization and Testing of the Locally Fabricated Encapsulants in Egypt for Commercial Photovoltaic Modules Production
Authors: Feteha M. , Ebrahim Sh. , Abdel Aleem W. , Eldemrdash A. , Soliman M. , Abulfotuh F. , El-Sherbiny M. , Saad L.
Published: May 2013

In this work, different locally fabricated adhesive materials were examined to be used as an encapsulant for producing of photovoltaic modules. All the selected samples were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, TG instrument, UV-VIS spectrophotometer and electrical resistance meter. In addition, all the samples under investigation were examined by aging tests according to IEC standards for testing their stability and durability. The polymethacrylate material with UV stabilizer can be considered as an excellent commercial candidate for photovoltaic module encapsulant due to its high optical transmission, good adhesive strength with the glass, high photo-stability, high thermal stability and high electrical insulation (electrical resistance).
The Development Situation of Material Based on Dental Implant
Authors: Zhang Chun Yu , Chen Xian Shuai
Published: May 2013

This paper make a review of some researches, including material selection and performance, surface treatment,manufacturing technology,biocompatibility. Meanwhile, it points out that the development potential of the dental implant materials and its prospects.
Research on the Hysteresis of Ring-Like MR Isolator
Authors: Yan Hui , Zhang Wen Jing , Jiang Hong Yuan , Liang Chen
Published: May 2013

Metal Rubber is a kind of homogeneous porous elastic material. The Ring-like Metal Rubber isolator has nonlinear dynamic characteristics. The hysteresis characteristics of MR isolator are researched in this paper and parameters describing stress-strain relationship were explored by dimensionless analysis. One experimental formula of the Ring-like MR isolator was deduced and experiments of loading and unloading were carried out. It is shown from the results that the theoretical analysis is consistent with the experimental study which is beneficial to the design of MR isolator.
Removal of Organic Pollutants in Solution by Bamboo Charcoal
Authors: Meng Zi Lin , Zhang Yi He , An Qi , Lv Feng Zhu , Zhang Qian , Hu Pan
Published: May 2013

Bamboo charcoal (BC) as an environmentally friendly and low-cost material receives widespread attention. Recently, much attention has been focused on the use of BC as adsorbent to treat wastewater. This paper provides an overview of the adsorption of organic contaminants in solution by using BC. The sorption behaviors of BC with various organic pollutants, and the kinetic model adopted to explain the adsorption rate of organic pollutants from aqueous solution were also reviewed. The adsorption capacity, the isotherm model, and several key factors such as modification, surface area, are discussed in this paper. Possible improvement of BC to treat organic contaminants in aqueous solution is also proposed.
TiO2/Graphite Oxide Composite as an Efficient Photocatalyst for Organic Dye Reduction
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Yi He , An Qi , Li Yu , Shang Ji Wu , Shen Bo , He Ying
Published: May 2013

A sample method was developed to fabricate composite of TiO2 and graphite oxide by a liquid phase deposition method. (NH4)2TiF6 and H3BO3 were stirred in distilled deionized water to prepare TiO2 particles which were then in situ deposited on graphite oxide. The photograph of scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that the TiO2 particles are compact and uniform on the surface of graphite oxide sheets. The composite exhibited efficient photocatalytic activity under the ultraviolet light in degrading organic dye of methylene blue. There are two steps in the dye reducing process: the first half hour of porous adsorption by graphite oxide, and the photocatalytic degradation by TiO2 particles. In this case, the methylene blue reduces sharply in the first half hour with the concentration from 10 mg L-1 to 5.8 mg/L. From then, the reduction rate comes down gradually with the concentration of 0.9 mg L-1 after 6 hours UV lighting. The synergism of TiO2 particles and graphite oxide increases the reduction of methylene blue and possesses composite of reutilization ability practically.