bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La eficacia política de la fraternidad
Authors: Estrach Mira Núria
Published: July 2019

La fraternidad nace en la experiencia sensible y se eleva luego a concepto racional. Radica ahí la dificultad de la aprehensión de su doble naturaleza, así como su eficacia política. Próxima a conceptos como amistad cívica, solidaridad o humanismo, se diferencia de todos ellos. Al analizar la fraternidad tal y como emerge a lo largo de la Revolución francesa a través de distintos autores (Mirabeau, Robespierre, Anacharsis Cloots, Louis Blanc, Flora Tristán, Karl Marx) en un contexto histórico político bien particular de crisis económica que se transmuta en revolución y cambio, llegamos a la conclusión de que la fraternidad es una fuerza de acción colectiva que emerge en ese impás entre lo individual y lo colectivo que hace necesaria una restructuración del orden económico y político establecido. Por consiguiente, si aceptamos que el ser humano es un ser político, la fraternidad nos revela algo de la real naturaleza política, entendida más allá del simple pacto social, a saber: cuando el ser humano se apodera de la palabra, dirigida siempre al otro, conjugándola con la acción.
La collecte de corpus d’interprétation : un défi permanent
Authors: Falbo Caterina
Published: July 2019

Depuis l’article programmatique de Shlesinger (1998), beaucoup de corpus d’interprétation ont vu le jour. Il s’agit de corpus constitués d’interprétations effectuées dans des contextes de conférences, dans le domaine médical, ou encore dans des situations institutionnelles comme la télévision. Malgré les différences portant sur le contexte situationnel, ils présentent des traits communs sur le plan de leur dimension, qui est en général limitée, et de leur exploitation, qui est, quant à elle, conditionnée par la présence ou l’absence de l’alignement des transcriptions avec l’audio ou l’image, de même que par le niveau d’étiquetage choisi. Nous nous proposons de réfléchir à ces aspects, en illustrant brièvement les caractéristiques de deux corpus collectés à l’Université de Trieste tels que CorIT (corpus d’interprétation à la télévision italienne) et CorILex (corpus d’interprétation judiciaire) et en mettant en évidence les obstacles qui ont entravé ou qui conditionnent leur collecte. Nos remarques conclusives porteront enfin sur les traits qui différencient ces deux corpus dans le but de les articuler avec les réflexions qui se sont développées au sein de la linguistique de corpus afin de déterminer la place des corpus d’interprétation à l’intérieur d’un domaine qui se montre de plus en plus diversifié, hétérogène et interdisciplinaire.
Interpreting into an SOV Language: Memory and the Position of the Verb. A Corpus-Based Comparative Study of Interpreted and Non-mediated Speech
Authors: Collard Camille , Przybyl Heike , Defrancq Bart
Published: July 2019

In Dutch and German subordinate clauses, the verb is generally placed after the clausal constituents (Subject-Object-Verb structure) thereby creating a middle field (or verbal brace). This makes interpreting from SOV into SVO languages particularly challenging as it requires further processing and feats of memory. It often requires interpreters to use specific strategies (for example, anticipation) (Lederer 1981; Liontou 2011). However, few studies have tackled this issue from the point of view of interpreting into SOV languages. Producing SOV structures requires some specific cognitive effort as, for instance, subject properties need to be kept in mind in order to ensure the correct subject-verb agreement across a span of 10 or 20 words. Speakers therefore often opt for a strategy called extraposition, placing specific elements after the verb in order to shorten the brace (Hawkins 1994; Bevilacqua 2009). Dutch speakers use this strategy more often than German speakers (Haeseryn 1990). Given the additional cognitive load generated by the interpreting process (Gile 1999), it may be assumed that interpreters will shorten the verbal brace to a larger extent than native speakers.

The present study is based on a corpus of interpreted and non-mediated speeches at the European Parliament and compares middle field lengths as well as extraposition in Dutch and German subordinate clauses. Results from 3460 subordinate clauses confirm that interpreters of both languages shorten the middle field more than native speakers. The study also shows that German interpreters use extraposition more often than native speakers, but this is not the case for Dutch interpreters. Dutch and German interpreters appear to use extraposition partly because they imitate the clause word order of the source speech, showing that, in this case, extraposition can be considered an effort-saving tool.
Teaching Specialised Translation Through Corpus Linguistics: Translation Quality Assessment and Methodology Evaluation and Enhancement by Experimental Approach
Authors: Kübler* Natalie , Mestivier* Alexandra , Pecman* Mojca
Published: July 2019

In the current context of rapid and constant evolution of global communication and specialised discourses, the need for devising methods for ensuring both high quality levels of specialised translation and successful translation training is becoming a true challenge. Steady renewal in knowledge paradigms leads to an increase in term coinage, modifications in lexical and phraseological patterns, and accommodations in discourse conventions. This situation requires teachers in specialised translation to train future translators to develop the skills meant to help them adapt rapidly to change. The tools brought by corpus linguistics offer access to the language-in-the-making and continuously emerging knowledge fields. However, methods for their efficient exploitation in translation classes can still be improved. In the current study, we present the translation-teaching framework devised specifically for such contexts. It is based on corpus linguistics, terminology management, collaboration with experts, and the quantitative analysis of the quality of finished translations, which can then, in turn, be used to improve the overall framework and to provide research material on specialised translation problems.
Las narrativas digitales en Educación Infantil: una experiencia de investigación e innovación con booktrailer, cuentos interactivos digitales y Realidad Aumentada
Authors: Vara López Alicia
Published: July 2019

Con el desarrollo de la tecnología de la comunicación, la narrativa infantil ha ensanchado sus horizontes estéticos y expresivos. Las narrativas digitales emergen como una herramienta pedagógica útil para el profesorado porque captan la atención del alumnado y encajan con sus intereses. Esta experiencia de investigación e innovación, desarrollada en la Universidad de Córdoba, se centra en el estudio de recursos digitales para la educación literaria. Hemos seleccionado tres productos que ofrecen múltiples posibilidades para el aula de Educación Infantil: booktrailer, cuento digital interactivo y aplicaciones de Realidad Aumentada. El presente trabajo aborda sus múltiples posibilidades de implementación en el campo educativo para trabajar temáticas esenciales como la gestión de las emociones, la diversidad familiar o el respeto por los animales.
Una transgresión incómoda. Entre lo privado y lo público en la fotografía de familia.
Authors: Miranda Tapia Eunice
Published: July 2019

Los conceptos de público y privado en la construcción de narrativas visuales autorreferenciales nos servirán de punto de partida para acercarnos a la obra de distintos fotógrafos contemporáneos en la que se exhibe una visión poco positiva de la familia: el fracaso, la crisis y las expectativas frustradas se asoman en un ámbito en el que la armonía, la pose y la construcción de recuerdos positivos han definido los estereotipos de la representación de la familia.
Hágase con luz y con luz se hizo. El origen de la fotogramática de Lászlo Moholy-Nagy
Authors: García Vázquez Milagros
Published: July 2019

En este artículo se describe cuál es la aportación del trabajo experimental del artista húngaro László Moholy-Nagy al mundo de la fotografía en el seno de la Bauhaus. Para ello, se presta especial atención a los orígenes de sus prácticas fotográficas más interesantes y cruciales respecto a la progresiva consideración de esta técnica como arte, tanto en su época como en años posteriores. De este modo, desde los primeros pasos de Nagy en el mundo del arte, hasta su llegada a la Bauhaus y su trabajo en ella, se han buscado los presupuestos originarios que le llevan a la realización de sus fotogramas y fotomontajes. Igualmente, se exponen en este texto las diferencias de ambas formas de experimentación fotográfica respecto a otras similares, como puedan ser el rayograma de Man Ray, o los fotomontajes del movimiento Dadá. A lo largo de todo este recorrido se revela la creación de un nuevo lenguaje artístico, escrito con un material que deja de ser tal para convertirse en presencia real en las imágenes: la luz. Y para aprenderlo junto al artista que da la pauta de esta nueva gramática lumínica en el universo fotográfico, se apuntan en cada paso sus propios testimonios personales al respecto.
The current status of research on Kant´s Transcendental Deduction
Authors: Schulting Dennis
Published: July 2019

In this paper I provide an overview of the latest research on Kant’s Transcendental Deduction, from the last 20 years or so, including a non-exhaustive bibliography. I also reflect on the question why in that period there has up until now been so little recent book-length work dedicated to the Deduction, on so-called ‘analytical’ approaches to reading Kant and the Deduction in particular, and on the related issue of the relevance of both evaluative and historical/hermeneutical interpretations of the Deduction. In the latter part of the essay, I consider the most important desiderata for systematic-interpretatively guided research into the Deduction.
Reply to my critics
Authors: Caranti Luigi
Published: July 2019

Respuesta del autor a los comentarios críticos sobre su libro, Kant´s political legacy: Human Rights, Peace, Progress (2017)
Ileana Beade: La libertad y el orden en la filosofía jurídica kantiana, Rosario, Fhumyar Ediciones, 2017
Authors: Gómez Marilín
Published: July 2019

La libertad y el orden en la filosofía jurídica kantiana es una síntesis de la tesis de Doctorado en Ciencias Políticas (UNR) de la Dra. en Humanidades y Artes con mención en Filosofía Ileana Beade. Publicado por la editorial de la Facultad de Humanidades y Artes de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (Argentina), se trata de un nuevo estudio sobre un problema fundamental de la filosofía política moderna: la preservación de la libertad en el estado civil, en tanto su constitución implica necesariamente la sujeción a las leyes. Con claridad, y con amplios fundamentos tanto en la obra kantiana como en las discusiones que han proliferado a partir de ella, Beade analiza esta articulación entre libertad y sujeción a la ley en la filosofía político-jurídica de Kant. A la luz de su conexión con los principios fundamentales de la filosofía kantiana de la historia, las dificultades se allanan.
Informe: IV Congreso Internacional de la SEKLE.
Authors: Baehr Alejandra , Martínez Luciana
Published: July 2019

Durante los días 15 a 19 de septiembre de 2018 se llevó a cabo en la ciudad de Valencia el IV Congreso internacional de la Sociedad de Estudios Kantianos en Lengua Española (SEKLE). Los encuentros se realizaron en el edificio de la Facultad de Filosofía y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universitat de València. A lo largo de las cinco jornadas, se discutieron diferentes aspectos de la filosofía de Kant y los participantes tuvieron la oportunidad de visitar algunos sitios de interés cultural e histórico en una ciudad en verdad acogedora.
Christian Krijnen (ed.): Metaphysics of Freedom: Kant’s Concept of Cosmological Freedom in Historical and Systematic Perspective (Critical Studies in German Idealism. Vol. 23), Leiden-Boston, Brill, 2018
Authors: Paez Jacinto
Published: July 2019

En un conocido pasaje de Los Progresos de la Metafísica, Kant advierte que la realidad de la libertad es, junto con la idealidad de las representaciones de espacio y tiempo, el pilar sobre el cual descansa la totalidad de la metafísica. Además de ocupar este rol arquitectónico, el concepto kantiano de libertad es complejo y polisémico, tal como lo muestra la coexistencia, en su teoría, de  sus especificaciones como libertad transcendental - o cosmológica, libertad práctica, o arbitrio. Al estudio de la primera variante mencionada está dirigido el libro editado por Christian Krijnen. El libro ofrece al lector tanto reconstrucciones sistemáticas de la teoría kantiana como así también el desarrollo de una perspectiva histórica, tanto en lo que refiere a la larga tradición filosófica desde la cual Kant parte, como a su proyección en los diversos sistemas del idealismo alemán y del neokantismo. Es precisamente la coexistencia de estas dimensiones lo que hace valioso al volumen, pues interesa por igual a quien indaga aspectos puntuales del concepto moderno de libertad y a quien busca obtener una visión de conjunto del tema, tomando como punto focal, en este caso, la doctrina de Kant.
An integrative approach to the anatomy of Syllis gracilis Grube, 1840 (Annelida) using micro-computed X-ray tomography
Authors: Parapar Julio , Caramelo Carlos , Candás María , Cunha-Veira Xela , Moreira Juan
Published: July 2019

Background

The overall anatomy of the genus Syllis (Annelida: Syllidae) has been largely studied; however, an integrative approach considering different anatomical techniques has never been considered. Here, we use micro-computed X-ray tomography (micro-CT) to examine the internal anatomy of Syllis gracilis Grube, 1840, along with other widely available techniques.

Methods

We studied the anatomy of the marine annelid S. gracilis through an integrative approach, including micro-CT along with stereo and light compound microscopy (STM, LCM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and histological sectioning (HIS). In this manner, we evaluated the applicability of micro-CT for the examination of annelid anatomy by testing whether the images obtained make it possible to visualize the main body structures, in comparison with other current techniques, of the various elements of its internal anatomy.

Results

Overall external and internal body elements are clearly shown by the integrative use of all techniques, thus overcoming the limitations of each when studied separately.Any given method shows disparate results, depending on the body part considered. For instance, micro-CT provided good images of the external anatomy, including relevant characters such as the shape, length and number of articles of dorsal parapodial cirri. However, it is especially useful for the examination of internal anatomy, thus allowing for 3D visualization of the natural spatial arrangement of the different organs. The features best visualized are those of higher tissue density (i.e., body musculature, anterior parts of the digestive tract), particularly in 3D images of unstained specimens, whereas less electrodense tissues (i.e., the peritoneal lining of septa and nervous system) are less clearly visualized. The use of iodine stain with micro-CT has shown advantages against non-staining for the adequate observation of delicate elements of low density, such as the segmental organs, the connective between the ganglia, the ventral nerve cord and segmental nerves.

Discussion

Main external anatomical elements of S. gracilis are well shown with micro-CT, but images show lesser optical resolution and contrast when compared to micrographs provided by SEM and CLSM, especially for fine structural features of chaetae. Comparison of micro-CT and HIS images revealed the utility and reliability of the former to show the presence, shape and spatial disposition of most internal body organs; the resolution of micro-CT images at a cellular level is, however, much lower than that of HIS, which makes both techniques complementary.
Factors encouraging mobile instant messaging service use in medical education
Authors: Kim Kidong , Lee Banghyun , Park Youngmi , Jung Eun Young , Kim Seul Ki , Suh Dong Hoon , Choi Bo Ram
Published: July 2019

Background

Mobile instant messaging services are being increasingly used for educational purposes, but their effectiveness in medical education is not well known. We assessed whether students’ use of Kakao Talk (a mobile instant messaging service) during the early period of a week of clinical education influenced its use for academic purposes during a later period of the same week.

Methods

The online communication records of 151 third-year medical students (in 39 clinical education groups) who used Kakao Talk during clinical education were reviewed. The 39 groups were categorized as low, middle, or high according to the number of total chats (on all subjects, not just academic) per student over five days. The relationship between the number of total chats during the first two days and the number of academic chats during the last three days (of five-day chatroom weeks) was analyzed.

Results

The number of total and academic chats over all five days, the first two days, and the last three days was highest in groups with the highest number of total chats per student. Similarly, the highest number of students posting total and academic chats was found in these groups. In addition, the number of academic chats per student and the frequency of questions raised by students were also highest in these groups. During the last three days, the number of students posting total chats was lower than that during the first two days, and the number of academic chats per student posting academic chats was higher. The number of total chats on the first or second day positively correlated with the maximum value of academic chats on the third to fifth days.

Conclusion

High frequency mobile instant messaging use early on in clinical education might encourage its use for academic purposes during later periods.
Factors affecting relative abundance of low-mobility fishing resources: spiny lobster in the Galapagos Marine Reserve
Authors: Murillo-Posada Juan Carlos , Salas Silvia , Velázquez-Abunader Iván
Published: July 2019

Management of low-mobility or benthic fisheries is a difficult task because variation in the spatial distribution and population dynamics of the resources make the monitoring and assessment of these fisheries challenging. We assumed that environmental, spatial, and temporal factors can contribute to the variability of the relative abundance of such species; we used Generalized Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) to test this hypothesis using as a case study the lobster fishery (targeting two species) in the Galapagos Marine Reserve, Ecuador. We gathered data on each of the two species of lobster on a monthly basis over seven years, including: (a) onboard observers’ records of catch data, fishing effort, and ground location by trip, and (b) data from interviews undertaken with fishers at their arrival to port, recording the same type of information as obtained from onboard observers. We use this information to analyze the effect of the measured variables and to standardize the Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) in each case, using the GAMLSS. For both species, the temperature, region, fishing schedule, month, distance, and the monitoring system were significant variables of the selected models associated with the variability of the catch rate. ForPanulirus penicillatus, CPUE was higher at night than during the day, and forPanulirus gracilisit was higher during the day. Increased temperature resulted in a decrease of CPUE values. It was evident that temporal, spatial scales and monitoring system can influence the variability of this indicator. We contend that the identification of drivers of change of relative abundance in low-mobility species can help to support the development of monitoring and assessment programs for this type of fisheries.
Proposing an Algorithm to Solve the Forward and Reverse Logistics Distribution Problem with One Door Container
Authors: Budi Stephen Sanjaya , Ariningsih Paulina Kus , Iswari Titi
Published: July 2019

Forward and reverse logistics are two types of distribution methods that shall be synergized in practices. Two problems in synergizing the two distributions type are (1) how to route vehicles and (2) how to pack the goods inside the vehicle. A truck with only one door for loading and unloading process could create numerous problems of item packing activities. An item picked up from a customer could occasionally block other goods which need to be delivered; hence, the courier shall unload other items before the loading process. This condition will increase the probability of item damage, longer on-loading/off-loading (lo/lo) time, and higher lo/lo cost because of the rapid item movement. Therefore, this article aims to propose an algorithm to solve the problem by creating an algorithm hybrid of routing and packing to find the solution for routing and packing problem, sequentially, with a metaheuristic approach. The proposed method calculates the cost from routing procedure and sum of item movement in every loading and unloading process. Based on the trial on 25 cases, this algorithm generates 59.64% of the containers have zero goods repacking. Several potential future research avenues are also proposed in this article.
Analyzing Remanufacturability of Mobile Phones using DEMATEL Approach
Authors: Shu San Gan
Published: July 2019

The use of mobile phone has increased at a surprisingly high rate over these two decades.  For many people, especially young generations, mobile phone has even become a primary need. As a consequence, the production of mobile phone has increased significantly and followed immediately by the disposal, as a result of its short life-cycle nature. Recently, there are substantial initiatives proposed in order to mitigate the effect of e-waste to the environment. Remanufacturing is one of recovery processes that could extend product’s useful life, and provide a circular life-cycle instead of linear. However, there are many factors that can affect the success of remanufacturing engagement, and specifically remanufacturability of a mobile phone. There are numerous considerations of remanufacturability with regards to the short life-cycle nature of mobile phone, and these factors can be qualitative or quantitative, with conflicting potentials, and some of them may be uncertain. In this study, we use Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) approach to identify the interrelationship among the factors, and analyze those results to identify the prominent factors. Furthermore, an influential-relation map is provided to support visualization for managerial implications.
The glycoprotein mucin‐1 negatively regulates GalNAc transferase 5 expression in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Caffrey Thomas , Sagar Satish , Thomas Divya , Lewallen Michelle E. , Hollingsworth Michael A. , Radhakrishnan Prakash
Published: July 2019

Aberrant expression of the glycoprotein mucin‐1 (MUC1) has been associated with pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis as a result of mediating the oncogenic transcriptional regulation of target genes. In the present study, we demonstrate that MUC1 downregulates the expression of the tumor suppressor polypeptide N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 5 in pancreatic cancer. ChIP‐on‐chip analysis revealed that the MUC1 cytoplasmic tail binds to regulatory elements in the GALNT5 gene. Additionally, MUC1 increases binding of p53 and c‐Jun and decreases the binding of Sp1 to the proximal promoter and exonic regions of GALNT5. We also observed that expression of N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 5 is inversionally proportional to MUC1 expression in human pancreatic cancer. These results demonstrate that MUC1 downregulates the expression of N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 5 in pancreatic cancer by modifying the promoter occupancy of transcription factors through its cytoplasmic domain.
The theory of tradition in the written works of architect Seiichi Shirai
Authors: Hato Kosuke
Published: July 2019

The aim of Shirai’s essay “The Jomon style” was not to admire the Jomon culture but to consider how to understand the inner potential of the object without being misled by its external form. His theory of tradition subsequently developed into the “theory of expansive tradition.” He objected to confining the argument over tradition to Japan and set out to consider the concept from a universal viewpoint. He gave shape to it and proposed a new concept, namely the “Eurasian” style.
Polymer Fiber Scaffolds for Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Authors: Zhang Yanbo , Liu Xiaochen , Zeng Liangdan , Zhang Jin , Zuo Jianlin , Zou Jun , Ding Jianxun , Chen Xuesi
Published: July 2019

Successful regeneration of weight‐bearing bone defects and critical‐sized cartilage defects remains a major challenge in clinical orthopedics. In the past decades, biodegradable polymer materials with biomimetic chemical and physical properties have been rapidly developed as ideal candidates for bone and cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds. Due to their unique advantages over other materials of high specific‐surface areas, suitable mechanical strength, and tailorable characteristics, scaffolds made of polymer fibers have been increasingly used for the repair of bone and cartilage defects. This Review summarizes the preparation and compositions of polymer fibers, as well as their characteristics. More importantly, the applications of polymer fiber scaffolds with well‐designed structures or unique properties in bone, cartilage, and osteochondral tissue engineering have been comprehensively highlighted. On the whole, such a comprehensive summary affords constructive suggestions for the development of polymer fiber scaffolds in bone and cartilage tissue engineering.
A Novel Strategy for Preparing Stretchable and Reliable Biphasic Liquid Metal
Authors: Wu Yun‐hui , Deng Zhi‐fu , Peng Ze‐fei , Zheng Rong‐min , Liu Shu‐qi , Xing Shu‐ting , Li Jun‐yun , Huang De‐qun , Liu Lan
Published: July 2019

Low‐melting liquid metal is a hugely promising material for flexible conductive patterns due to its excellent conductivity and supercompliance, especially low‐cost and environmental liquid processing technology. However, the ever‐present fluidity characteristic greatly limits the stable shape and reliability of prepared liquid metal conductive electronics. Herein, a novel solidification strategy of liquid GaIn alloys by Ni doping and heat treatment is first reported, which can efficiently create a solid phase in the liquid metal and provide an effective solution for practical applications. Particularly, the liquid characteristic is preserved for conveniently fabricating different flexible electronic circuits, and then the solidification is carried out on prepared conductive patterns by heat treatment. The solidification mechanism is revealed by the interface chemical reaction between Ni and GaIn, creating the solid phase of intermetallic compound (Ga4Ni3 and InNi3) during heat treatment. Moreover, a biphasic GaInNi can be obtained by regulating the atomic ratio of gallium, indium, and nickel. As a result, the obtained GaInNi possesses extremely low sheet resistance (15 ± 4.5 to 135 ± 2.5 mΩ sq−1) and the variation of ΔR/R0 exhibits low level (0–2) when strained up to 100%, which offers a promising strategy to prepare stretchable and reliable liquid metal electronics.
Spin‐Orbit Torque Switching of a Nearly Compensated Ferrimagnet by Topological Surface States
Authors: Wu Hao , Xu Yong , Deng Peng , Pan Quanjun , Razavi Seyed Armin , Wong Kin , Huang Li , Dai Bingqian , Shao Qiming , Yu Guoqiang , Han Xiufeng , Rojas‐Sánchez Juan‐Carlos , Mangin Stéphane , Wang Kang L.
Published: July 2019

Utilizing spin‐orbit torque (SOT) to switch a magnetic moment provides a promising route for low‐power‐dissipation spintronic devices. Here, the SOT switching of a nearly compensated ferrimagnet Gdx(FeCo)1−x by the topological insulator [Bi2Se3 and (BiSb)2Te3] is investigated at room temperature. The switching current density of (BiSb)2Te3 (1.20 × 105 A cm−2) is more than one order of magnitude smaller than that in conventional heavy‐metal‐based structures, which indicates the ultrahigh efficiency of charge‐spin conversion (>1) in topological surface states. By tuning the net magnetic moment of Gdx(FeCo)1−x via changing the composition, the SOT efficiency has a significant enhancement (6.5 times) near the magnetic compensation point, and at the same time the switching speed can be as fast as several picoseconds. Combining the topological surface states and the nearly compensated ferrimagnets provides a promising route for practical energy‐efficient and high‐speed spintronic devices.
Advanced Soft Materials, Sensor Integrations, and Applications of Wearable Flexible Hybrid Electronics in Healthcare, Energy, and Environment
Authors: Lim Hyo‐Ryoung , Kim Hee Seok , Qazi Raza , Kwon Young‐Tae , Jeong Jae‐Woong , Yeo Woon‐Hong
Published: July 2019

Recent advances in soft materials and system integration technologies have provided a unique opportunity to design various types of wearable flexible hybrid electronics (WFHE) for advanced human healthcare and human–machine interfaces. The hybrid integration of soft and biocompatible materials with miniaturized wireless wearable systems is undoubtedly an attractive prospect in the sense that the successful device performance requires high degrees of mechanical flexibility, sensing capability, and user‐friendly simplicity. Here, the most up‐to‐date materials, sensors, and system‐packaging technologies to develop advanced WFHE are provided. Details of mechanical, electrical, physicochemical, and biocompatible properties are discussed with integrated sensor applications in healthcare, energy, and environment. In addition, limitations of the current materials are discussed, as well as key challenges and the future direction of WFHE. Collectively, an all‐inclusive review of the newly developed WFHE along with a summary of imperative requirements of material properties, sensor capabilities, electronics performance, and skin integrations is provided.
Supported Noble‐Metal Single Atoms for Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Li Xuning , Yang Xiaofeng , Huang Yanqiang , Zhang Tao , Liu Bin
Published: July 2019

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs), with atomically distributed active metal sites on supports, serve as a newly advanced material in catalysis, and open broad prospects for a wide variety of catalytic processes owing to their unique catalytic behaviors. To construct SACs with precise structures and high density of accessible single‐atom sites, while preventing aggregation to large nanoparticles, various strategies for their chemical synthesis have been recently developed by improving the distribution and chemical bonding of active sites on supports, which results in excellent activity and selectivity in a variety of catalytic reactions. Noble‐metal‐based SACs are discussed, and their structural properties, chemical synthesis, and catalytic applications are highlighted. The structure–activity relationships and the underlying catalytic mechanisms are addressed, including the influences of surface species and reducibility of supports on the activity and stability, impact of the unique structural and electronic properties of single‐atom centers modulated by metal/support interactions on catalytic activity and selectivity, and how the modified catalytic mechanism obtained by inhibiting the multiatoms involves catalytic pathways. Finally, the prospects and challenges for development in this field are highlighted.
In Situ Optical Absorption Studies of Point Defect Kinetics and Thermodynamics in Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Buckner Haley B. , Perry Nicola H.
Published: July 2019

The authors review the use of in situ optical absorption to probe point defect equilibria and kinetics in oxides, with particular attention to thin films and high‐temperature measurements evaluating changes in oxygen content. The introduction notes the impact of point defects on oxide behavior, including differences in thin films versus bulk materials, and describes methods to evaluate point defect equilibria and kinetics; advantages of optical absorption among these methods are highlighted. Section 2 provides an overview of how optical absorption and point defect concentrations are related, including various possible structural and electronic origins of defect‐mediated absorption changes corresponding to oxygen content changes. Section 3 traces the development of historical understanding of optical absorption in nonstoichiometric oxides and emergence of thin film applications and measurement approaches that resulted. Section 4 details the procedure for determining surface exchange coefficients from optical transmission relaxation measurements and provides specific examples of how this approach uniquely has enabled new insights into thin film surface exchange behavior with and without current collectors. Section 5 provides examples of optically derived diffusivity measurements and comparisons of bulk and thin film defect equilibria. Section 7 outlines potential opportunities and future developments in this area, and Section 7 concludes the manuscript.
Controllable Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO2 Polymorphs with Tunable Crystal Structure for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Production
Authors: Xiong Hailong , Wu Lanlan , Liu Yu , Gao Tunan , Li Kaiqian , Long Yan , Zhang Rui , Zhang Ling , Qiao Zhen‐An , Huo Qisheng , Ge Xin , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie
Published: July 2019

Multiphasic titanium dioxide (TiO2) possessing abundant heterophase junctions have been widely used for various photocatalytic applications. Current synthesis of multiphasic TiO2 mainly involves the process of thermal treatment and multiple steps of rigorous reactions, which is adverse to controlling the crystal phases and phase ratios of multiphasic TiO2. Meanwhile, the resulting products have relatively low surface area and nonporous structure. Here, a facile polymer‐assisted coordination‐mediated self‐assembly method to synthesize mesoporous TiO2 polymorphs with controllable heterophase junctions and large surface area by using polyethylenimine as the porogen in an acidic aqueous synthesis system is reported. Using this approach, the crystal phases (triphase, biphase, and monophase) and phase compositions (0–100%) are easily tailored by selecting the suitable acidic media. Furthermore, the specific surface areas (77–228 m2 g−1) and pore sizes (2.9–10.1 nm) are readily tailored by changing the reaction temperature. The photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2 polymorphs is evaluated by photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The triphasic TiO2 exhibits an excellent photocatalytic H2 generation rate of 3.57 mmol h−1 g−1 as compared to other polymorphs, which is attributed to the synergistic effects of heterophase junctions and mesostructure. The band diagram of possible electron transfer pathway for triphasic TiO2 is also elucidated.
Variation across river channels in demographic dynamics of a riparian herb with threatened status: management and conservation implications
Authors: Pérez Mervin E. , Meléndez‐Ackerman Elvia J. , Monsegur‐Rivera Omar A.
Published: July 2019

Premise

Gesneria pauciflorais a rare, threatened plant in riparian forests. Periodic disturbances, expected in this habitat, could influence demographic dynamics on plant populations, yet their impact may not be the same across the watershed. We hypothesized that differences in disturbances between the main channel and tributaries may lead to spatial dissimilarities in population growth rate (λ), structure, and fecundity.

Methods

In the Maricao River Watershed in Puerto Rico, 1277 plants were tagged and monitored for 1.5 years. Every 6 months, we measured plant size and recorded survival, fecundity, and appearance of seedlings. These variables were used in integral projection models to assess the population status ofG. pauciflora.

Results

Plants in the main channel were smaller but more likely to flower and fruit than those in the tributaries. Overall mortality was greater in the main channel and greater during the rainy season. At both sites,λranged from 0.9114 to 0.9865, and survival/growth of larger plants had a greater effect onλ(>0.90) regardless of site.

Conclusions

Values for population growth rates suggest thatG. pauciflorais declining across the watershed. Higher mortality rates in the main channel (more‐perturbed sites) might driveG. pauciflorato reproduce at smaller sizes, while tributaries (less‐perturbed sites) might be better for growth and lead to larger plant sizes. Extreme climatic events are expected to increase in the Caribbean and might decrease the population if the population is left unmanaged. Management strategies that reduce the time plants require to reach larger sizes might be necessary to increaseλ, and reintroduction using cuttings might be a possible solution.
Stigma: A biocultural proposal for integrating evolutionary and political‐economic approaches
Authors: Brewis Alexandra , Wutich Amber
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Stigma—the process by which people become socially discredited because they hold a characteristic that is classified as unacceptable or undesirable—has barely been considered in biocultural analyses. Yet, it provides an acute point of articulation for evolutionary and political‐economic perspectives on human variation, including the biocultural production of health disparities. To explain the theoretical integration of the two perspectives to stigma, we first lay out some operationalizable definitions of stigma, and review feasible methods to capture them in the field. We then test the roles of predictors suggested from evolutionary (respondent's level of disgust, fear of contagion) and political‐economic (respondent's perceived social standing and negative social labeling of those who violate hygiene norms) theories of stigma.

Methods

We used survey, interview, and behavioral report data from a study of hygiene behaviors at four local community sites in Guatemala, Fiji, New Zealand, and the United States (N = 300). We applied a hierarchical GLMM design that treats site as a random effect.

Results

The independent influences of both variable sets are evident in publicly visible forms of reported hygiene behaviors, specifically the exhibition of clean bodies, clothes, and homes.

Conclusion

We propose that the study of stigma provides a productive operationalizable space to engage the promise of the biocultural synthesis to integrate evolutionary and political‐economic models of health and human variation.
An Alkenyl Boronate as a Monomer for Radical Polymerizations: Boron as a Guide for Chain Growth and as a Replaceable Side Chain for Post‐Polymerization Transformation
Authors: Nishikawa Tsuyoshi , Ouchi Makoto
Published: July 2019

The ability of isopropenyl boronate pinacol ester to serve as a monomer in radical polymerizations was established and exploited for the synthesis of polymers that are difficult to access using other polymerization techniques. Although the monomer exhibits an α‐methyl‐substituted unconjugated structure, which is usually unfavorable for radical propagation, both free and controlled radical polymerizations smoothly afford the corresponding polymers. A density‐functional‐theory‐based investigation revealed that the boron atom moderately stabilizes the radical species, which leads to the suppression of the degradative chain transfer to the α‐methyl groups, and thus guides the reaction towards the radical polymerization. The boronyl pendants, which are directly attached to the polymer backbone, can be replaced with ‐OH or ‐NH2 to yield poly(α‐methyl vinyl amine) or poly(α‐methyl vinyl alcohol), which has been inaccessible by conventional synthetic methods.
Foamability and viscosity behavior of extrusion foamed PLA–pulp fiber biocomposites
Authors: Rokkonen Teijo , Peltola Heidi , Sandquist David
Published: July 2019

This study addresses the effect of fiber reinforcement, chain extension, and physical foaming agent type on foam morphology and viscosity behavior of pulp fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites. PLA reinforced with 0, 10, and 20 wt % of bleached kraft pulp fibers with and without chain extender were foamed using two different physical foaming agents (carbon dioxide and isobutane) by extrusion foaming. Densities, foam morphologies, and viscosities were systematically analyzed and compared from the produced foams. As a conclusion, low‐density foams are produced with both foaming agents and fiber levels, fiber addition limiting cell growth. Isobutane provides better dimensional stability with narrower cell size distribution, whereas carbon dioxide enables lower foaming temperature. Chain extension is essential to achieve foam with low density and good cell structure. Contrary to nonchain extended PLA, addition of fibers reduced the viscosity of chain extended PLA. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48202.
Mechanochemical Synthesis and Temperature‐Dependent Optical Properties of Thermochromic (Ag1−xCux)2HgI4
Authors: Maji Krishnendu , Acharyya Paribesh , Satapathy Pragnya , Prasad S. Krishna , Biswas Kanishka
Published: July 2019

Thermochromic materials are generally synthesized via high‐temperature melting reaction or solution‐based synthesis. Herein, all‐inorganic thermochromic compounds of (Ag1−xCux)2HgI4 were synthesized by solvent‐free simple and scalable mechanochemical grinding at room temperature. Temperature‐dependent electronic absorption spectroscopy along with DSC analysis confirmed the thermochromic events within these materials, and the phase transition temperature varied with solid solution compositions. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra is red‐shifted with the increase in the Cu content in (Ag1−xCux)2HgI4 (x=0–1).
A techno‐economic assessment of biomass co‐firing in Czech Republic, France, Germany and Poland
Authors: Cutz Luis , Berndes Goran , Johnsson Filip
Published: July 2019

Biomass co‐firing with coal can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and can act as a low‐cost stepping‐stone for developing biomass supply infrastructures. This paper presents a techno‐economic assessment of the biomass co‐firing potential in coal‐fired boilers in Czech Republic, France, Germany and Poland. The current coal power plant infrastructure is characterized by means of geographic location of the coal power plants, installed boiler capacity, type of boiler technology and year of commissioning, as extracted from the Chalmers Power Plant Database. The assessment considers type of boiler technology, type of biomass, co‐firing fraction, implementation costs, breakeven prices for co‐firing and an alkali index to determine the risk of high‐temperature corrosion. The main factors affecting the co‐firing potential are the biomass price, carbon price and alkali index. Results indicate that the total co‐firing potential in the four countries is around 16 TWh year−1, with the largest potential from a conversion perspective in Germany, followed by Poland. Biomass co‐firing with coal is estimated to be competitive at biomass prices below 13 € MWhinput
−1 when the carbon price is 20 € t−1 CO2. On average, 1 TWh of electricity from biomass co‐firing substitutes 0.9 Mt of fossil CO2 emissions. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Affinity‐Triggered Assemblies Based on a Designed Peptide–Peptide Affinity Pair
Authors: Fernandes Cláudia S. M. , Pina Ana S. , Moura Barbosa Arménio J. , Padrão Inês , Duarte Filipa , Teixeira Cátia A. S. , Alves Vítor , Gomes Paula , Fernandes Tiago G. , Carvalho Dias Ana M. G. , Roque Ana C. A.
Published: July 2019

Affinity‐triggered assemblies rely on affinity interactions as the driving force to assemble physically crosslinked networks. WW domains are small hydrophobic proteins binding to proline‐rich peptides that are typically produced in the insoluble form. Previous works attempted the biological production of the full WW domain in tandem to generate multivalent components for affinity‐triggered hydrogels. In this work, an alternative approach is followed by engineering a 13‐mer minimal version of the WW domain that retains the ability to bind to target proline‐rich peptides. Both ligand and target peptides are produced chemically and conjugated to multivalent polyethylene glycol, yielding two components. Upon mixing together, they form soft biocompatible affinity‐triggered assemblies, stable in stem cell culture media, and display mechanical properties in the same order of magnitude as for those hydrogels formed with the full WW protein in tandem.
Identification of a crucial amino acid implicated in the hydroxylation/desaturation ratio of CpFAH12 bifunctional hydroxylase
Authors: Robin Julien , Gueroult Marc , Cheikhrouhou Randa , Guicherd Marie , Borsenberger Vinciane , Marty Alain , Bordes Florence
Published: July 2019

Claviceps purpurea bifunctional Δ12‐hydroxylase/desaturase, CpFAH12, and monofunctional desaturase CpFAD2, share 86% of sequence identity. To identify the underlying determinants of the hydroxylation/desaturation specificity, chimeras of these two enzymes were tested for their fatty acid production in an engineered Yarrowia lipolytica strain. It reveals that transmembrane helices are not involved in the hydroxylation/desaturation specificity whereas all cytosolic domains have an impact on it. Especially, replacing the CpFAH12 cytosolic part near the second histidine‐box by the corresponding CpFAD2 part annihilates all hydroxylation activity. Further mutagenesis experiments within this domain identified isoleucine 198 as the crucial element for the hydroxylation activity of CpFAH12. Monofunctional variants performing the only desaturation were obtained when this position was exchanged by the threonine of CpFAD2. Saturation mutagenesis at this position showed modulation in the hydroxylation/desaturation specificity in the different variants. The WT enzyme was demonstrated as the most efficient for ricinoleic acid production and some variants showed a better desaturation activity. A model based on the recently discovered membrane desaturase structures indicate that these changes in specificity are more likely due to modifications in the di‐iron center geometry rather than changes in the substrate binding mode.
Pushing the boundaries of pelvic exenteration by maintaining survival at the cost of morbidity
Authors: Venchiarutti R L , Solomon M J , Koh C E , Young J M , Steffens D
Published: July 2019

Background

Pelvic exenteration (PE) provides a potentially curative option for advanced or recurrent malignancy confined to the pelvis. A clear (R0) resection margin is the strongest prognostic factor predicting long-term survival, driving most technical advances in PE surgery. The aim of this cohort study was to describe changing trends in extent of resection, postoperative complications, mortality and overall survival after PE surgery.

Methods

Consecutive patients who underwent PE for advanced or recurrent pelvic malignancy at a single institution in Sydney, Australia, were identified. The cohort was divided into three groups based on time periods reflecting annual surgical volume: 1994–2006 (20 or fewer procedures per year), 2007–2013 (21–50 procedures per year) and 2014–2017 (over 50 procedures per year). Primary outcomes were extent of resection, postoperative complications, 60-day mortality and 3-year overall survival. Secondary outcomes were patient characteristics, receipt of neoadjuvant therapy and duration of hospital stay.

Results

There were increases over time in rates of lateral and posterior compartment resections (P < 0·001), and bony pelvis (P = 0·002) and neurovascular (P < 0·001) excision. For patients undergoing reconstruction, the proportion receiving vertical rectus abdominus myocutaneous flaps increased significantly (P = 0·005). Rates of wound infection, dehiscence, and abdominal and pelvic collections increased over the study interval. Short-term mortality decreased, and 1- and 3-year survival rates improved.

Conclusion

Technical and surgical advancements have led to more complex PE resections, with R0 and mortality rates improving with higher annual volume. There were associated increases in intraoperative blood loss and postoperative morbidity.