bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Evaluation of Short‐ and Long‐Term Performance of Cold‐Mix Asphalt Patching Materials
Authors: Huang Chien-Wei , Yang Tsung-Han , Lin Guan-Bo
Published: July 2020

Potholes, one of the major types of distress on pavement surfaces, damage vehicles and are a safety hazard for the travelling public. In order to mitigate the effect of potholes, cold‐mix asphalt (CMA) patching materials are commonly used for urgent repair of pavement surfaces before resurfacing can be undertaken. Therefore, the short‐term (initial stability) and long‐term (in‐service durability) performance evaluation of CMA patching materials is necessary. This study conducted several curing conditions in the laboratory to investigate short‐term, long‐term, and moisture effects on pavement surfaces. Moreover, this study compared the Marshall stability of samples prepared under various compaction conditions. Marshall stability, Cantabro abrasion, and UK wheel tracking tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of CMA patching materials. The results indicated that the Marshall stability of dense‐gradation (DG) CMA patching materials was higher than that of open‐graded (OG) CMA patching materials and the Marshall stability of OG CMA patching materials was highly influenced by the coarse aggregate proportion. The DG and OG CMA patching materials exhibited comparable abrasion resistance, and the Cantabro abrasion ratio was highly correlated to the estimated asphalt film thickness for the OG CMA patching materials. A moisture indicator (MI) was proposed, and the effect of moisture damage on Marshall stability and Cantabro abrasion ratio was related to the proposed MI. The rutting resistance of the DG CMA patching materials was higher than that of the OG CMA patching materials, which is consistent with the Marshall stability result.
Periodic Property and Asymptotic Behavior for a Discrete Ratio-Dependent Food-Chain System with Delays
Authors: Xu Changjin , Li Peiluan , Liao Maoxin
Published: July 2020

In this paper, a discrete ratio-dependent food-chain system with delay is investigated. By using Gaines and Mawhin’s continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory and the method of Lyapunov function, a set of sufficient conditions for the existence of positive periodic solutions and global asymptotic stability of the model are established.
Catch-Up Growth in Children Born Small for Gestational Age Related to Body Composition and Metabolic Risk at Six Years of Age in the UK
Authors: Marcovecchio M. Loredana , Gorman Samantha , Watson Laura P.E. , Dunger David B. , Beardsall Kathryn
Published: July 2020

Objectives: To determine differences in body composition and glucose metabolism according to childhood growth outcomes in a population-based sample of children born small for gestational age (SGA). Methods: A single-centre study of 259 children born SGA identified through hospital records and contacted when aged 4–7 years. Questionnaire data on pre/perinatal history and growth parameters during childhood was collected from the parents, and in a subgroup of 150 children face-to-face assessments were performed, including anthropometric parameters, lean and fat mass, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and C-peptide. Results: Based on the questionnaires, few children had formal clinic follow-up of growth, but 7% of the cohort showed a height and weight of <–2SDS during childhood, and only 2 children met the criteria for growth hormone therapy. Out of the 150 children assessed at a mean age of 6.1 ± 0.8 years, 122 (81%) showed a catch-up growth in weight. Compared to those without weight catch-up, these children had a higher fat mass index (3.13 ± 1.36 vs. 2.56 ± 0.91 kg/m2, p = 0.04), trunk-to-limb fat mass ratio (0.63 ± 0.14 vs. 0.56 ± 0.08, p = 0.002), systolic blood pressure SDS (0.09 ± 0.71 vs. –0.32 ± 0.63, p = 0.008), fasting glucose (4.5 ± 0.5 vs. 4.3 ± 0.5 mmol/L, p = 0.03), and C-peptide (306 ± 116 vs. 256 ± 112 pmol/L, p = 0.08). Among children with weight catch-up growth, those with less height gain had a lower limb lean mass index (4.25 ± 0.48 vs. 4.48 ± 0.56 kg/m2, p = 0.02) and fat mass index (1.57 ± 0.59 vs. 1.83 ± 0.77 kg/m2, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Within this population-based sample of SGA children, catch-up growth in weight was associated with higher abdominal fat mass, blood pressure and glycemia; furthermore, in these children, less height gain was associated with reduced limb lean and fat mass.
Impairment of Flow-Sensitive Inwardly Rectifying K
+
Channels via Disruption of Glycocalyx Mediates Obesity-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Fancher Ibra S. , Le Master Elizabeth , Ahn Sang Joon , Adamos Crystal , Lee James C. , Berdyshev Evgeny , Dull Randal O. , Phillips Shane A. , Levitan Irena
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To determine if endothelial dysfunction in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and in obese humans is mediated by the suppression of endothelial Kir (inwardly rectifying K
+
) channels.

Approach and Results:

Endothelial dysfunction, observed as reduced dilations to flow, occurred after feeding mice a high-fat, Western diet for 8 weeks. The functional downregulation of endothelial Kir2.1 using dominant-negative Kir2.1 construct resulted in substantial reductions in the response to flow in mesenteric arteries of lean mice, whereas no effect was observed in arteries of obese mice. Overexpressing wild-type–Kir2.1 in endothelium of arteries from obese mice resulted in full recovery of the flow response. Exposing freshly isolated endothelial cells to fluid shear during patch-clamp electrophysiology revealed that the flow-sensitivity of Kir was virtually abolished in cells from obese mice. Atomic force microscopy revealed that the endothelial glycocalyx was stiffer and the thickness of the glycocalyx layer reduced in arteries from obese mice. We also identified that the length of the glycocalyx is critical to the flow-activation of Kir. Overexpressing Kir2.1 in endothelium of arteries from obese mice restored flow- and heparanase-sensitivity, indicating an important role for heparan sulfates in the flow-activation of Kir. Furthermore, the Kir2.1-dependent component of flow-induced vasodilation was lost in the endothelium of resistance arteries of obese humans obtained from biopsies collected during bariatric surgery.

Conclusions:

We conclude that obesity-induced impairment of flow-induced vasodilation is attributed to the loss of flow-sensitivity of endothelial Kir channels and propose that the latter is mediated by the biophysical alterations of the glycocalyx.
Radical, Sceptical and Liberal Enlightenment
Authors: Alexander James
Published: July 2020

We still ask the question ‘What is Enlightenment?’ Every generation seems to offer new and contradictory answers to the question. In the last thirty or so years, the most interesting characterisations of Enlightenment have been by historians. They have told us that there is one Enlightenment, that there are two Enlightenments, that there are many Enlightenments. This has thrown up a second question, ‘How Many Enlightenments?’ In the spirit of collaboration and criticism, I answer both questions by arguing in this article that there are in fact three Enlightenments: Radical, Sceptical and Liberal. These are abstracted from the rival theories of Enlightenment found in the writings of the historians Jonathan Israel, John Robertson and J.G.A. Pocock. Each form of Enlightenment is political; each involves an attitude to history; each takes a view of religion. They are arranged in a sequence of increasing sensitivity to history, as it is this which makes it possible to relate them to each other and indeed propose a composite definition of Enlightenment. The argument should be of interest to anyone concerned with ‘the Enlightenment’ as a historical phenomenon or with ‘Enlightenment’ as a philosophical abstraction.
Canscorinella deccanensis (Gentianaceae: Canscorinae), a new species from Maharashtra, India

Authors: KAMBALE SHARAD SURESH , SARDESAI MILIND MADHAV
Published: July 2020

Members of the family Gentianaceae Jussieu (1789: 141) (Gentianales) are of economic importance and utilized for the several ailments (Bhandari et al. 2006). Thiv and Kadereit (2002) after cladistic analysis of the evolution of anisomorphic androecia in the subtribe Canscorinae proved the monophyly of the Canscora Lamarck (1785: 601). Canscorinella Shahina & Nampy (2014: 219), a recently described genus, based on the isomorphy of the stamens, is represented by only two species in India viz., C. bhatiana (K.S. Prasad & Raveendran 2012: 197) Shahina & Nampy (2014: 219) and C. stricta (Sedgwick 1921: 126) Nampy & Shahina (2014: 221) and so far known only from Western Ghats of Kerala and Karnataka, respectively.
Begonia cabanillasii (section Baryandra, Begoniaceae), a new species from El Nido, Palawan, the Philippines

Authors: ANG YU PIN , TANDANG DANILO N. , AGCAOILI JOHN MICHAEL M. , BUSTAMANTE RENE ALFRED ANTON
Published: July 2020

While assisting El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area in their biodiversity monitoring of El Nido, Palawan, the authors came across a very distinctive and small population of Begonia. Based on careful investigation, the unknown species is confirmed as new to science, and is the latest addition to the species rich section Baryandra. A new species, Begonia cabanillasii is hereby described and illustrated. It is compared with phenetically similar species B. suborbiculata. Based on guidelines by IUCN, the new species is proposed to be Critically Endangered (CR) C2a.
Two new species of Luisia (Vandeae, Orchidaceae) from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

Authors: MISHRA SANJAY , JALAL JEEWAN SINGH , PAULOSE VIVEK CHUNDAKKATTIL , SINGH LAL JI
Published: July 2020

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are the largest archipelago system in the Bay of Bengal, consisting of 572 islands and islets. Being situated between two major biodiversity hotspots, namely the Indo-Burma and Sundaland Biodiversity Hotspots, endows it with an unmatched distribution of plants with representatives of the Indian, Myanmar, Malaysian and Indonesian floras (Balakrishnan & Ellis 1996). Nearly 2100 species of angiosperms have been reported from the islands, of which about 11% are strictly endemic (Balakrishnan & Ellis 1996). As these islands are situated in the Equatorial belt and are exposed to marine impacts having a warm and humid tropical climate, the entire area is suitable for growth of orchids. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands harbour about 158 species of orchids, of which 23 species are endemic (Karthigeyan et al. 2014, Singh et al. 2019).
Revisiting FPGA Implementation of Digital Filters and Exploring Approximate Computing on Biomedical Signals
Authors: Hui Wang , Chang Gong , Saravanan S. , Gomathi V. , Valarmathi R. , Balaji V. S. , Elamaran V.
Published: July 2020

In recent years, the approximate computing becomes popular in the era of VLSI (very large scale integration) domain to arrive better power, area, and delay outcomes at the cost of lower precision loss. Also, the human beings are not so intelligent to see/observe/listen the processed
digital data; means even if some of the data loss occurs human beings are unable to notice them. This behavior set the engineers to research on approximate computing which are very useful in the multimedia data processing, data communications, high-volume data storage, etc. In this study,
the experiments such as hum-noise removal, filters on QRS detection are implemented on an Altera FPGA EP4CEF29C7 device using Quartus II 13.1 synthesis software tool and the simulation results on device utilization reports, the speed and the power are obtained. Simulation results reveal that
the approximate computational filters offer better power, area, and speed results than the conventional ones. Also, Matlab 9.4 (R2018a) simulation was used to carry out the functional verification of the actual and approximate filters.
The Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Information Technology in the Treatment of Liver Tumors
Authors: Yang Xueping , Wang Xuemei , Zhang Yao
Published: July 2020

Objective: To study the automatic diagnosis method of liver tumors in the contrast-enhanced ultrasound environment, assist doctors in the clinical diagnosis of liver tumors intuitively, conveniently, and accurately, thereby improve the cure rate of liver tumors. Methods:
First, six sets of experimental data were constructed. The automatic diagnosis experiment of liver tumors through contrast-enhanced ultrasound was performed by the combination of sparse representation-based support vector machine (SVM) and principal component analysis (PCA)-based SVM, as well
as the sparse representation classification method. The effect of classification decision principles on experiments was further studied. Results: The SVM method had an average effect on diagnostic accuracy. The average diagnostic accuracy of the six different experimental data sets
was 76%, and the average diagnosis time was 300 s. The feature extraction method based on the combination of sparse representation and PCA was applied to the SVM method to achieve an optimal diagnosis. The average diagnosis accuracy rate could reach 87%, and the average time was more than
1,000 s. Using the sparse classification representation method, the diagnostic accuracy rate for the six experimental data sets constructed was above 93%, with a maximum of 99%, and the average time was 210 s. The sparse classification representation using the principle of minimum reconstruction
error classification decision had an average diagnostic accuracy rate of 99% and an average time of 128 s. Conclusion: The sparse classification representation for the clinical diagnosis of liver tumors by contrast-enhanced ultrasound had high accuracy and consumed less time. Therefore,
the constructed method was valuable.
Application of Color Doppler Ultrasound in the Treatment of Vascular Diseases Around the Cardia
Authors: Yan Guangjun , Li Zhijiang , Gu Weiwei , Lin Jie , Hong Xingyu , Smith Winni , Jones Crystal
Published: July 2020

Objective: This paper uses color Doppler ultrasound technology to study the hemodynamic characteristics of portal hypertension and splenectomy plus pericardial vascular disruption, to understand the pathogenesis of portal hypertension, and to understand the spleen. The effects
of resection and pericardial vascular dissection on portal vein and hepatic artery hemodynamics were analyzed. Methods: Nine male in our hospital’s hepatobiliary surgery from January 2017 to December 2018 were selected. The preoperative upper gastrointestinal barium meal or gastroscopy
confirmed that all patients had moderate to severe esophageal and gastric fundus. The surgical method was splenectomy and pericardial vascular disconnection. Color Doppler ultrasound was performed on portal vein and hepatic arterial hemodynamics to observe the presence or absence of portal
vein thrombosis. Result: Preoperative hemodynamic status of the case group: the diameter of the hepatic artery was (0.34±0.01) cm, the value is 0.34 cm; the maximum flow velocity of the hepatic artery was (64.6±5.0) cm/s, the value of 64.7 cm/s; The postoperative hemodynamic
status of the case group: the diameter of the hepatic artery was (0.41±0.02) cm, the value of 0.41 cm; the maximum flow velocity of the hepatic artery was (88.5±6.1) cm/s, the value of 89.6 cm/s. Conclusion: Color Doppler ultrasound has obvious application value in the
treatment of pericardial vascular diseases. 1 splenectomy and pericardial vascular disconnection can increase the flow of hepatic artery, and reduce the total blood flow into the liver after surgery. The proportion of hepatic arterial blood flow increased, and the oxygen supply to increase.
Analysis of Postoperative Complications in Patients with Intestinal Obstruction Under Laparoscopic Information Technology
Authors: He Zhiming , Tian Tao , Sto Chloe
Published: July 2020

In order to explore the postoperative complications of laparoscopic adhesive release in the treatment of intestinal obstruction, 70 patients with adhesive intestinal obstruction (IO) who visited Banan District People’s Hospital on March 1, 2017 and received surgical treatment
on June 30, 2019 were selected as the research objects. The patients were divided into an experimental group (EG) and control group (CG) using random number table, 35 cases in each group. The EG accepted laparoscopic adhesion release, while the CG accepted laparotomy. The time spent during
the operation, intraoperative blood loss (IBL), intestinal injury rate and intestinal resection rate, postoperative anal exhaust (PAE) time, hospital stay, feeding time and concurrent symptoms were recorded and compared between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression (MLR) model was
adopted for the correlation analysis between symptoms after laparoscopic surgery (LS) and basic characteristics of patients and intraoperative information. It was found that the time of LS, IBL, PAE time, hospital stay and feeding time of the EG are greatly lower than that of the CG (P
< 0.05). The number of cases of intestinal injury and intestinal resection in the EG was lower than that in the CG. The incidence of intestinal fistula, pulmonary infection, intestinal paralysis, incision infection, renal dysfunction and malnutrition in the EG was also lower than that in
the CG. The regression coefficients of concurrent symptoms of LS and operative time and IBL were 0.376 and 0.343, respectively, showing a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05), which indicated that compared with traditional laparotomy, laparoscopic technique can effectively
reduce the occurrence of complicated intestinal fistula, pulmonary infection, intestinal paralysis, incision infection, renal dysfunction, malnutrition, and so on. At the same time, ligation and frequent replacement of surgical instruments should be avoided as far as possible during the operation,
and the occurrence of concurrent symptoms can be effectively decreased by reducing the operation time, IBL, and postoperative recovery time of patients with IO.
Application of Endoscopic Ultrasound Image Analysis in the Treatment of Digestive Tract Diseases and Nursing
Authors: Qi Yameng , Ding Jinhua , Li Li , Ai Meimei , Zhang Ye , Chen Xiufen , Rin Kathe
Published: July 2020

Objective: To study the diagnostic accuracy of microprobe endoscopic ultrasonography (mEUS) in the diagnosis of bulge of digestive tract, and to summarize and explore the characteristics of ultrasound images of gastrointestinal bulge in mEUS diagnosis, to comprehensively evaluate
microprobe ultrasound. The ability of endoscope to diagnose gastrointestinal bulging lesions provides a certain clinical basis for later nursing. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 302 cases of gastrointestinal bulging cases underwent microprobe ultrasound endoscopy from November
2011 to December 2015. The diagnosis of all cases was confirmed by endoscopic pathology, surgical pathology or follow-up. Microprobes were compared. The diagnostic accuracy of the results of ultrasound endoscopy and traditional endoscopy. Results: A total of 302 patients underwent microprobe
ultrasound endoscopy, including 274 upper gastrointestinal tract, 28 colorectal, 97 esophagi in upper gastrointestinal tract, 152 in stomach and 25 in duodenum. The coincidence rate of mEUS diagnosis of esophageal bulge lesions was 97.93% (95/97), and the coincidence rate of gastroscopy diagnosis
was 68.04 (66/97). The coincidence rate of mEUS diagnosis in gastric elevated lesions was 94.07% (143/152), and the coincidence rate of gastroscopy diagnosis was 50.65% (77/152). Conclusion: Microprobe endoscopic ultrasound can clearly show the structure of each layer of the digestive
tract wall, reflecting the origin of the lesion and the depth of infiltration. Therefore, it can make accurate diagnosis of most gastrointestinal bulging lesions.
Application of High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Classification of Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment in Cerebral Infarction in Posterior Circulation Ischemia
Authors: Meng Xiangfu , Liu Wei
Published: July 2020

Objective: To analyze the relationship between TOAST classification of cerebral infarction after cerebral ischemia and traditional risk factors by high-resolution NMR. Methods: A total of 942 patients with cerebral infarction who were hospitalized in our hospital from
January 2012 to October 2019 were enrolled. After performing brain magnetic resonance examination, they were classified according to magnetic resonance imaging, and the patient’s age was recorded. Clinical data such as gender and disease history, and routine examination of diabetes,
blood lipids, etc., according to the results of the test, TOAST classification, comparison with magnetic resonance imaging classification results, and correlation analysis of risk factors affecting cerebral infarction. Results: The results of the study showed that 942 patients with
posterior circulation ischemic cerebral infarction had aortic atherosclerosis (49.04%), small artery occlusion (39.49%), cardiogenic embolism (6.16%), and unexplained type. (5.20%), other reasons (0.11%). There was a significant correlation between DWI imaging characteristics and TOAST classification
(χ = 397.785, P = 0.000). Cortical.cortical infarction, unilateral anterior circulation infarction, large perforating infarction, and anterior.posterior circulation infarction were associated with LAA type, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the study fully demonstrate that the characteristics of high-resolution NMR imaging are related to the TOAST classification of patients with cerebral infarction caused by posterior circulation ischemia. Traditional risk factors such as age, NIHSS score, coronary
heart disease and atrial fibrillation have certain characteristics on DWI imaging. Impact. Therefore, patients with posterior circulation ischemic cerebral infarction need early high-resolution MRI and combined with traditional risk factors to choose treatment options to reduce the disability
and mortality of patients.
Alphege (954–1012): A Saint for His Time and for Our Time
Authors: Mercer Giles
Published: July 2020

The following has been adapted from talks given at St Alphege Church, Solihull; Our Lady and St Alphege Church, Bath; and St Joseph’s Church, Peasedown St John, and to the English Catholic History Association, Winchester Catholic History Society and Prinknash Abbey Book Club. Alphege is one of the outstanding saints from these lands, Bath’s greatest son, a gifted monastic leader, a radical bishop of Winchester and a self-sacrificing archbishop of Canterbury. He was to be revered throughout pre-Reformation England and beyond. I will make some general points about Alphege’s world, then set out what we know about the life and death of Alphege and finally suggest why he is important for us today.
Is the deinstitutionalisation of alternative care a ‘wicked problem’? A qualitative study exploring the perceptions of child welfare practitioners and policy actors in Thailand
Authors: Rogers Justin M , Karunan Victor
Published: July 2020

This study examined deinstitutionalisation in Thailand. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a total of 27 child welfare practitioners and policy actors to explore their perceptions of Thai alternative care provision. Findings show that participants perceive deinstitutionalisation as a complex policy challenge. Some felt that the institutions were necessary in order to meet demand, while others felt that cultural barriers prevent a shift to family-based approaches, such as foster care. However, data suggest that it would be difficult to characterise deinstitutionalisation as a ‘wicked policy problem’ as participants were hopeful for change, citing increased family- strengthening policies alongside efforts to implement foster care.
Soup kitchens: The stigma of being poor and the construction of social identity
Authors: Nichols Joe
Published: July 2020

This project involved an ethnographic study that documented how homeless individuals who frequent local soup kitchens view themselves and how they manage the stigma that can be associated with this population. Qualitative techniques of observation and brief conversations over a 3-year period with more than 100 soup kitchen participants constituted the data. Findings of this project confirm the earlier work of Goffman and more recent work where clear stigma responses and identities were observed in homeless and low-income adults.
COVID-19, Prolonged Grief Disorder and the role of social work
Authors: Johns Lise , Blackburn Pippa , McAuliffe Donna
Published: July 2020

The death rate that we are seeing from COVID-19 is unimaginable, with experts predicting the pandemic will ultimately claim hundreds of thousands of lives. The death toll has already far exceeded the total population of renown cities such as Miami, USA or Canberra, Australia. Behind each death listed as a statistic, there is a social network of family and friends who will be profoundly impacted by the loss. The usual funerals, rituals and customs that occur after a death are now the new casualty of the virus. Indisputably, restrictions are necessary to curb the spread; however, concerns are raised regarding how this will impede on the ‘normal’ grieving process. Undoubtedly, there will be a surge in persons developing bereavement complexities in future years, with a direct correlated link to COVID-19.
Ageing effects after ozone and water immersion on tensile strength at room and high temperatures of carbon/epoxy F8552 laminates
Authors: Cunha JAP , Silva TC , Costa ML , Rezende MC
Published: July 2020

Tensile tests were assessed to evaluate the ageing effects on carbon fiber/epoxy resin laminates exposed to ozone and water immersion. Laminates with distinct fiber arrangements (unidirectional - UD and plain weave - PW) were tested under transversal and longitudinal tensile strength at room (22°C) and high (88°C) temperatures after conditioning. The transversal tensile strength tests of UD laminates performed at room temperature show that the water immersion decreased this property in 28% when compared to non-conditioned samples. Ozone atmosphere also deteriorates the tensile strength considerably, drop of 27%. It was expected a higher drop in water immersion conditioning than in ozone atmosphere due to this conditioning attacks preferentially the external surface of specimen contrariwise the water immersion has diffusion inside the epoxy matrix. Tensile strength at high temperature shows more accentuated degradation for UD specimens exposed to water immersion (50% drop) than ozone (25%). Higher temperatures favor the degradation of the polymeric matrix and fibers/matrix interface. Tensile strength of PW laminates non-conditioned and conditioned with ozone, tested at room temperature, presented tensile strength results slightly different, 17% lower. When submitted to water immersion the results have dropped 26%, which are similar to unidirectional composite. At high temperature, PW laminate attacked with ozone had tensile strength reduced in 7%, while after water immersion the drop achieved 18%. These results show that water immersion affected the composite much more than ozone. Fractographic analyses confirmed that the combination between high temperature and conditioning promoted the degradation of matrix and fiber/matrix interface.
The Implementation of Results-Driven Accountability: A Systemic Approach to Large-Scale Initiatives
Authors: Hickman Barbara J.
Published: July 2020

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act has undergone revisions roughly every 5 years since inception. Despite these modifications, the academic and social outcomes for students with disabilities lag behind those of their regular education peers. Results-Driven Accountability (RDA) was initiated to improve special education outcomes and efficacy. This case study examined the implementation science framework used for RDA. The results surfaced successes and concerns with the implementation process and illuminated barriers unrelated to the RDA initiative but critical for implementation and scaling. The findings from this study may contribute to identifying best practices in large-scale systemic initiatives.
The Impact of Curiosity on Teacher–Student Relationships
Authors: Amorim Neto Roque do Carmo , Golz Nancy , Polega Meaghan , Stewart Douglas
Published: July 2020

The goals of this study were (a) to assess the unique contributions of curiosity and demographics to the teacher–student relationship and (b) to identify the most common barriers teachers experience when attempting to build positive relationships with students. A sample of 518 public school teachers from across the United States completed an online survey. The results show that curiosity and grade level predict teacher–student relationships. Students’ negative behavior, time constraints, large class sizes, family issues, and truancy were among the most common barriers to positive teacher–student relationships. The discussion includes theoretical and practical implications for educators and school leaders.
Spain in the International Networks: The Case of César Cort (1893-1978)
Authors: García González María Cristina
Published: July 2020

The aim of this article is to describe the work of the first Urbanism Professor in Spain, the architect and industrial engineer César Cort (1893-1978), and to give an outline within the context of the town planning culture in which he developed his work. Since 1918, from the Chair of Urbanología at the School of Architecture of Madrid, he contributed to the consolidation of the Anglo-Saxon influence in Spanish Urbanism in the crucial moment of the second half of the 1920s and the beginning in the 1930s. His professional biography tells of the trips he made, opened labor paths, meetings, skills, interests, social networks woven and examines the coherence or inconsistency between what was said and what was actually done. From his works as a professor, disseminator, urban planner, landscape architect, architect, and politician, Urbanism was always his main interest.
Radiation protection challenges in applications of ionising radiation on animals in veterinary practice
Authors: Martinez N.E. , Van Bladel L.
Published: July 2020

As we work towards a holistic approach to radiation protection, we begin to consider and integrate protection beyond humans to include, among other things, non-human biota. Non-human biota not only includes environmental flora and fauna, but also livestock, companion animals, working animals, etc. Although under consideration, there is currently little guidance in terms of protection strategies for types of non-human biota beyond wildlife. For example, in recent years, veterinary procedures that make use of ionising radiation have increased in number and have diversified considerably, which has made radiation protection in veterinary applications of ionising radiation more challenging, both for humans and the animal patients. In fact, the common belief that doses to professionals and members of the public from these applications will be very low to negligible, and doses to the animals will not be acutely harmful nor even affect their lifetime probability of developing cancer, needs to be revisited in the light of higher dose diagnostic and interventional techniques, and certainly in the case of therapeutic applications. This paper provides a brief overview of the initiatives of the International Commission on Radiological Protection concerning radiation protection aspects of veterinary practice, and poses a variety of perspectives for consideration and further discussion.
A Comparative Study of Intimate Partner Violence in Post-Soviet Countries: Evidence from National Surveys
Authors: Chernyak Elena
Published: July 2020

Investigating intimate partner violence (IPV) in different societies and analyzing micro- and macro-level factors that contribute to IPV is important for social scientists to understand the nature of IPV. The present study provides a cross-country examination of the prevalence of physical IPV and empirical correlates of physical IPV in five post-Soviet countries. This research is based on the data generated through the Demographic and Health Surveys. The findings demonstrate that 12%–26% of women in the former Soviet Union (FSU) experienced physical IPV at some point in their lives. While partner’s controlling behavior, alcohol consumption, and witnessing IPV in the family-of-origin are found to be significantly associated with IPV in all five FSU countries, the results of regression analyses point to some interesting findings and indicate inconsistencies among the FSU countries. Using improved measures of IPV, this research illustrates the complexity of the relationships between economic and social statuses of women, their experiences, empowerment, and IPV.
Rupture of an infected iliac artery pseudoaneurysm caused by asymptomatic gastrointestinal foreign body perforation
Authors: Lun Yu , Jiang Han , Xin Shijie , Zhang Jian
Published: July 2020

We report a unique case of a ruptured iliac artery pseudoaneurysm caused by asymptomatic gastrointestinal perforation and retroperitoneal abscess formation. A 46-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department of our institution. Angiography showed a ruptured iliac artery pseudoaneurysm caused by retroperitoneal abscess formation. After endovascular repair and surgical drainage, the cause of the abscess was finally identified as a toothpick. Findings from this case show that asymptomatic gastrointestinal foreign body perforation can be a rare, but insidious, cause of an infected pseudoaneurysm. Prompt surgical intervention is sometimes necessary when treating patients with arterial pseudoaneurysm caused by a perivascular abscess.
Hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy after parathyroidectomy in a patient with uremia: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xue Feng , Bu Quandong , Liu Xuemei
Published: July 2020

Hypocalcemia is a rare, but reversible, cause of dilated cardiomyopathy. Although cardiomyopathy may cause severe heart failure, calcium supplementation can reverse heart failure. We report here a patient with uremia and secondary hyperparathyroidism, who was complicated by persistent hypocalcemia and refractory heart failure. The cardiac failure was refractory to treatment with digitalis and diuretics, but dramatically responded to calcium therapy and restoration of normocalcemia. As a result, the patient was eventually diagnosed with hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of this disease to be reported in a patient with uremia. Findings from our case may help clinicians to better understand hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy. Our case might also provide new insight into long-term cardiac complications and prognoses of patients undergoing parathyroidectomy due to secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Development of New Method to Reposition Orthodontic Brackets Without Debonding by Using an Ultrasonic Device: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Sato Toshihito , Wakabayashi Michiru
Published: July 2020

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to develop a new method to change a bracket position without debonding the metal bracket that was bonded with a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) orthodontic adhesive resin by using an ultrasonic device.

Materials and Methods:

An originally designed scaler tip was developed for a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler. The adhesive turned to melting state by thermal heat that was generated by ultrasonic frictional heat. When the adhesive was in melting state, the bracket was rotated approximately 20° and held in this position until the adhesive hardened again by air cooling. Shear bond strengths were measured on each sample in the control and the repositioning groups. To evaluate the thermal effects of the increased temperature on the enamel surface and pulpal cavity, extracted human lower premolars were monitored during the repositioning time.

Results:

The time required for the repositioning procedures was approximately 7 s. The temperature of the enamel surface increased by 53°C and the pulpal wall increased by 0.5°C during the repositioning procedures. The bonding strength showed no significant difference between the control and repositioning groups.

Conclusion:

This method for bracket repositioning without debonding using an ultrasonic device proved to be a new method for bracket repositioning.
Perceived mechanisms targeting cancer-related fatigue, song choice rationale, and song function: An interpretivist study of patient-preferred live music with adult oncology patients on a blood and marrow transplant unit
Authors: Reimnitz Lacey , Silverman Michael
Published: July 2020

Although patient-preferred live music (PPLM) can be an effective music therapy intervention for addressing cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in adult oncology patients, there is a gap in the literature specific to patients’ experiences of how PPLM impacts CRF. The primary purpose of this interpretivist study was to understand the mechanisms by which PPLM impacts CRF from the patients’ perspectives. The secondary purpose was to gain insight into patients’ song choice rationales and their ensuing function within PPLM. We provided PPLM and conducted semi-structured interviews with adult oncology patients ( N = 5) on a blood and marrow transplant unit. We used an inductive approach to thematic analysis to analyze interview transcripts and achieved trustworthiness through independent analyses of transcripts as well as peer review of codes and themes. Participants described how PPLM provided CRF symptomatic relief by facilitating emotional release and being an aesthetically pleasing distraction. Participants noted they chose songs because of memorable experiences and for musical elements and components, while explaining that PPLM facilitated reminiscence, promoted relaxation and restful states, and encouraged reflection through the lyrics. Results provide an initial patient-centric understanding of how and why PPLM might impact CRF. Implications for clinical practice, limitations, and suggestions for future research are provided.
Evaluating Lateral Interactions of Motorized Two-Wheelers using Multi-Gene Symbolic Genetic Programming
Authors: Das Sanhita , Raju Narayana , Maurya Akhilesh Kumar , Arkatkar Shriniwas
Published: July 2020

Complex maneuvering patterns are typical of motorized two-wheelers (MTWs), and their widespread adoption in many countries has spurred a growing response from transport researchers to model their dynamic behavior realistically. Considering the increased vulnerability of MTW drivers in dense urban mixed traffic systems, proper evaluation and modeling of lateral interactions between the drivers/riders moving abreast need to be addressed. A proper investigation can essentially help in understanding the behavioral aspects of riders in accepting shorter lateral clearances, design of exclusive motorcycle lanes, improved reliability of microsimulation models, and safety evaluation of the riders in a cognitive architecture. The current study therefore attempts to develop a novel symbolic regression model using a multigene genetic programming algorithm to generate and evaluate lateral clearance models naturally from field data for MTW interactions at mid-block sections, data being collected using video recorders. A binary logit model is initially developed to investigate the factors associated with the riders’ decisions to accept critical lateral clearances. Considering highly non-linear variations in data, the symbolic regression models were further developed and a comparison with the existing linear regression based lateral clearance models indicated that the symbolic model could generalize the non-linear structure of the data realistically and performed significantly better than the existing models.
Analysis of Travel-Time Use in Crowded Trains using Discrete-Continuous Choices of Commuters in Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Varghese Varun , Chikaraishi Makoto , Kato Hironori
Published: July 2020

Travel-based multitasking and the possibility to perform activities during travel are important factors that can make a transportation mode attractive. However, serious crowding in public transportation systems might adversely affect the passengers’ free choice to participate in activities during travel. This study aims to examine how crowding in public transportation systems is related to discrete-continuous choices in different types of multitasking options using a data set of 500 commuters in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. Employing a multiple discrete-continuous extreme value model, this study investigates the relationship between crowding levels and multitasking behavior. The results show that high crowding levels, relative to being seated, have a significantly negative association with many multitasking options, which suggests the importance of seat availability. The estimation results also show that information and communication technology (ICT)-dependent leisure activities and non-ICT active activities, such as reading and talking with other passengers, have the lowest satiation and higher baseline preference constants, which indicates that they are preferred by passengers. Meanwhile, crowding levels were observed to have a significant relationship with these multitasking activities. Finally, the key findings, contributions, and policy implications of the findings are discussed.
Response Variations to Survey Items About Firearms in the 2004 and 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Authors: Blosnich John R. , Karras Elizabeth , Bossarte Robert M.
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

The aim of this investigation was to document the prevalence and correlates of refusing to answer a US federal health survey item about firearms in the household.

Design:

The cross-sectional analysis was conducted with 2004 and 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey data from Texas, Oregon, Idaho, California, Kansas, and Utah states whose surveys included items about firearms in the household.

Participants:

Probability-based samples of adults over the age of 18 (n = 34 488 in 2017 BRFSS; n = 33 136 in 2004 BRFSS).

Measures:

Dichotomized measure of whether respondents answered versus refused to answer “Are any firearms now kept in or around your home?”

Analysis:

Weighted multiple logistic regression was used to assess how sociodemographic and health-related characteristics were associated with item refusal.

Results:

Approximately 1.8% (95% CI: 1.6-2.1) of respondents in 2004 and 3.9% (95% CI: 3.4-4.5) of respondents in 2017 sample refused the firearms item ( P < .01). Men were more likely than women (2004: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.24-2.62; 2017: aOR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.17-2.18) and Latino/a respondents were less likely than white respondents (2004: aOR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10-0.60; 2017: aOR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.13-0.34) to refuse the firearms question. In 2004, refusal was more likely among older than younger respondents, but in 2017, age was not associated with refusal.

Conclusions:

Refusal to firearm-related survey items along sociodemographic characteristics warrants further research. Community-informed strategies (eg, focus groups, cognitive testing, in-depth interviews) could improve the context and wording of firearm-related items to maximize response to these items in public health surveys.
‘The women are taking over’: Exploring hegemonic masculinities in elementary principalship
Authors: MacKinnon Kenneth
Published: July 2020

This article explores the experiences of both male and female principals in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) as they navigate principalship through a gendered lens. Interviews with these principals reveal the presence and impact of hegemonic masculinities on the ability of both male and female principals to lead their schools. These conversations reveal a series of discourses that repeatedly emerged: ‘The women are taking over’; ‘The “detached” male principal’; ‘You’re tough, you can handle it, man’; and ‘I’d rather work for a man’. One would think that the influx of more female principals in the GTA over the past 10 years would inspire positive changes to the role of principal, a role that was largely created by and for men to inhabit. Sadly, this is not the case as both male and female principals continue to uphold hegemony while at the same time struggle under its effects. This article takes the position that principalship provides the potential to create a space where women and men can find agency, a place of resistance that works against the gendered discourses at play in their daily work lives. Unfortunately, it appears that this space does not yet exist, and this article suggests that recognition of the problem is the first step towards finding such a space.
Associations Between Nurse–Patient Interaction and Sense of Coherence Among Cognitively Intact Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Drageset Jorunn , Taasen Siw Eriksen , Espehaug Birgitte , Kuven Britt Moene , Eide Wenche Mjanger , André Beate , Rinnan Eva , Haugan Gørill
Published: July 2020

Aim: To investigate the association between nurse–patient interaction and sense of coherence among cognitively intact nursing home residents. Method: In a cross-sectional design, data were collected in 2017 and 2018 using the Nurse–Patient Interaction Scale (NPIS) and the 13-item Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13). Of the 204 cognitively intact nursing home residents who met the inclusion criteria, 188 (92%) participated, representing 27 nursing homes. Multiple regression in a general linear model estimated the possible effects of the 14 NPIS items on SOC-13 sum score, the possible effects of the NPIS (sum score) on SOC-13 (sum score) as well as on the subdimensions of SOC-13, comprehensibility, meaningfulness, and manageability (both without and with adjusting for sex and age). Results: Four of the 14 NPIS items revealed highly significant correlations with SOC-13 (sum score; unadjusted and adjusted for age and gender). Furthermore, the analysis adjusted for age and gender showed significant associations for NPIS (sum score) with SOC-13 (sum score), manageability, and comprehensibility. The correlation between NPIS and meaningfulness was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Nurse–patient interaction is significantly associated with SOC-13 and its subdimensions of comprehensibility and manageability but not meaningfulness. Nurse–patient interaction might be an important resource in relation to residents’ sense of coherence and its subdimensions.