bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel automated IHC staining system for quality control application in ALK immunohistochemistry testing
Authors: Hou Chunxiao , Song Xueru , Chen Hongwei , Chang Chengdong , Lu Jinfeng , Li Cheng , Qu Haiyan , Guo Rui , Xu Jingyi , Xu Liming
Published: February 2025

The establishment of positive and negative controls in immunohistochemistry (IHC) screening for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements is essential in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. However, positive control of patient tissue is rare and comes with ethical issues. A novel automated solution for ALK IHC quality control management was investigated by comparison with the established D5F3 antibody on the VENTANA system in 87 lung adenocarcinoma specimens with known ALK status re-analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The BP6165 concentrated antibody on the LYNX480 PLUS platform demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity (98.30% and 100%, respectively) in 87 biopsy specimens. The ALK controls in liquid form (CLFs) applied in an automated way showed a more regular circular shape and better cell distribution than those applied manually. In addition, the novel controls can show changes in the same pattern as tissue controls under different antibody concentrations and antigen retrieval conditions. The automated solution for ALK IHC quality control management provides a convenient solution without the consumption of scarce tissue for IHC testing in day-to-day pathology practice. The availability of standardized protocols for the detection of ALK rearrangements using the BP6165 concentrated antibody on the LYNX480 PLUS platform will expand the number of laboratories that can reliably and consistently determine the eligibility of patients with lung adenocarcinoma for treatment with ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Improved Algorithm to Detect Clandestine Airstrips in Amazon RainForest
Authors: Pardini Gabriel R. , Tasinaffo Paulo M. , Shiguemori Elcio H. , Kuck Tahisa N. , Maximo Marcos R. O. A. , Gyotoku William R.
Published: February 2025

The Amazon biome is frequently targeted by illegal activities, with clandestine mining being one of the most prominent. Due to the dense forest cover, criminals often rely on covert aviation as a logistical tool to supply remote locations and sustain these activities. This work presents an enhancement to a previously developed landing strip detection algorithm tailored for the Amazon biome. The initial algorithm utilized satellite images combined with the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to find the targets’ spatial locations (latitude and longitude). By addressing the limitations identified in the initial approach, this refined algorithm aims to improve detection accuracy and operational efficiency in complex rainforest environments. Tests in a selected area of the Amazon showed that the modified algorithm resulted in a recall drop of approximately 1% while reducing false positives by 26.6%. The recall drop means there was a decrease in the detection of true positives, which is balanced by the reduction in false positives. When applied across the entire biome, the recall decreased by 1.7%, but the total predictions dropped by 17.88%. These results suggest that, despite a slight reduction in recall, the modifications significantly improved the original algorithm by minimizing its limitations. Additionally, the improved solution demonstrates a 25.55% faster inference time, contributing to more rapid target identification. This advancement represents a meaningful step toward more effective detection of clandestine airstrips, supporting ongoing efforts to combat illegal activities in the region.
Innovative Flood Impact Monitoring and Harvest Analysis in Oil Palm Plantations Utilizing Geographic Information Systems and Deep Learning
Authors: Puttinaovarat Supattra , Chai-Arayalert Supaporn , Saetang Wanida , Khaimook Kanit , Plaiklang Sasikarn , Horkaew Paramate
Published: February 2025

Floods, as a form of disaster, significantly affect individuals and farmers in impacted areas, particularly through crop damage and the inability to harvest due to prolonged and extensive flooding. Among the most severely affected agricultural sectors are oil palm plantations, which regularly experience such disruptions annually. Current methods of assistance and relief during flooding rely on field surveys conducted manually by personnel, a process constrained by its time-intensive nature. Moreover, existing applications or platforms do not support the classification and inspection of oil palm plantations affected by floods during harvesting. This research aims to develop a method and application for inspecting oil palm plantations impacted by floods during harvesting. The approach utilizes deep learning and geographic information systems (GIS) to classify and analyze flood-affected areas and determine the ripeness of oil palm bunches on trees, enabling accurate and rapid identification of flood-affected areas. The study results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a flood classification accuracy ranging from 96.80% to 98.29% and ripeness classification accuracy for oil palm bunches on trees ranging from 97.60% to 99.75%. These findings indicate that the proposed model effectively and efficiently monitors flood-affected areas. Additionally, the developed application serves as a valuable tool for flood management, facilitating timely assistance and relief for farmers impacted by flooding.
Polydatin and Nicotinamide Prevent Iron Accumulation and Lipid Peroxidation in Cellular Models of Mitochondrial Diseases
Authors: Cilleros-Holgado Paula , Gómez-Fernández David , Piñero-Pérez Rocío , Romero-Domínguez José Manuel , Reche-López Diana , Álvarez-Córdoba Mónica , Romero-González Ana , López-Cabrera Alejandra , De Oliveira Marta Castro , Rodríguez-Sacristán Andrés , González-Granero Susana , García-Verdugo José Manuel , Sánchez-Alcázar José Antonio
Published: February 2025

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death, is regulated by a complex network involving lipid metabolism, iron homeostasis, and the oxidative-reductive system, with iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation as key drivers. Mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS overproduction often underlie the pathogenesis of mitochondrial diseases, for which treatment options are limited, emphasizing the need for novel therapies. In this study, we investigated whether polydatin and nicotinamide could reverse ferroptosis-related pathological features in cellular models derived from patients with pathogenic GFM1 variants. Mutant fibroblasts showed increased iron and lipofuscin accumulation, altered expression of iron metabolism-related proteins, elevated lipid peroxidation, and heightened susceptibility to erastin-induced ferroptosis. Treatment with polydatin and nicotinamide effectively corrected these alterations and reduced iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation in induced neurons. Furthermore, chloramphenicol treatment in control cells mimicked the mutant phenotype, suggesting that these pathological changes are linked to the mitochondrial protein synthesis defect characteristic of pathogenic GFM1 variants. Notably, adding vitamin E to the polydatin and nicotinamide co-treatment resulted in a reduction in the minimum effective concentration, suggesting potential benefits of its inclusion. In conclusion, the combination of polydatin, nicotinamide, and vitamin E could represent a promising therapeutic option for patients with mitochondrial disorders caused by pathogenic GFM1 variants.
Involvement of Oral Microbiome in the Development of Oral Malignancy
Authors: Isono Hitoshi , Nakajima Shintaro , Watanabe Satoshi , Takeda Aya K. , Yoshii Haruka , Shimoda Ami , Yagishita Hisao , Mitsudo Kenji , Kioi Mitomu
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aimed to identify periodontal pathogens involved in the onset and progression of OSCC. Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 112 patients without oral mucosal diseases (OMDs) as controls; 36 patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs); and 104 patients with OSCC. Periodontal examinations were performed on all patients. Endpoint PCR was performed for seven species of oral pathogens. The 16S rRNA analysis was performed using 20 DNA samples from each group. Results: Periodontitis tended to worsen in the OMDs group compared to the control group. The number of oral bacteria was significantly higher in the OSCC group than in the other groups. The detection rates of P. gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) were significantly higher in the OSCC group than those in the control group. From 16S rRNA analysis, the relative abundance of Prevotella buccae and intermedia was significantly higher in OSCC than in the control. Moreover, LPS derived from P. gingivalis contributes to the early development of oral epithelial precancerous lesions and carcinomas in mice. Conclusions: Specific periodontal pathogens are present in the oral cavities of patients with OPMDs and OSCC, and changes in the bacterial flora due to their presence may contribute to the onset and progression of OMDs.
Correlation of PD-L1 and HIF-1 Alpha Expression with KRAS Mutation and Clinicopathological Parameters in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Er Özilhan Seda , Efil Safa Can , Çanakçı Doğukan , Ağaçkıran Yetkin , Şener Dede Didem , Onak Kandemir Nilüfer , Doğan Mehmet , Ünal Tuba Dilay Kökenek , Kıran Merve Meryem , Kayaçetin Serra , Balta Hilal , Tatlı Doğan Hayriye
Published: February 2025

Background: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) comprising the majority of cases. Among the common driver mutations, KRAS plays a critical role in guiding treatment strategies. This study evaluates the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in KRAS-mutant NSCLCs and investigates their associations with clinicopathological findings. Methods: A total of 85 cases with KRAS mutations were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining for HIF-1α and PD-L1 was performed, and their relationships with mutation status and prognostic variables were assessed. Results: A significant correlation was identified between HIF-1α expression and PD-L1 expression in tumor cells. While the KRAS G12C mutation was not significantly associated with HIF-1α expression in tumor cells, it demonstrated a notable relationship with HIF-1α expression in the tumor microenvironment and PD-L1 expression. However, PD-L1 and HIF-1α expression did not significantly influence overall survival outcomes. Conclusions: Expression of PD-L1 was positively correlated with HIF-1α, which may provide evidence for a novel therapy targeting PD-L1 and HIF-1α in NSCLC. Further comprehensive studies are warranted to elucidate the prognostic implications of tumor–microenvironment and mutation interactions.
A Novel Method to Determine Deformation Strain in a High-Temperature Mushy Zone for a Typical Electrical Strip Under Twin-Roll Strip Casting
Authors: Hu Wenli , Hou Yali , Shi Jianhui , Zhao Jinhua , Ma Lifeng
Published: February 2025

An evaluation method was proposed to calculate the deformation strain of a high-temperature mushy zone (HTMZ) related to twin-roll strip casting (TSC) with regard to typical 6.5 wt.% Si electrical steel (6.5 Si steel) on the basis of the crystal—plasticity theory. The viscoplasticity self-consistent (VPSC) model was applied to calculate the evolution discipline of crystallographic orientation (CRO) for the studied 6.5 Si steel processed by different deformation strains under a deformation mode of plane strain, and the deformation strain of HTMZ for the studied 6.5 Si steel related to TSC was further estimated by comparing the CRO feature achieved by theoretical calculation and experimental characterization. Results indicate that the distribution feature of CRO obtained by theoretical calculation becomes increasingly similar to those obtained through experimental characterization with the deformation strains increasing from 0 to 1.5. The ratio between the distribution intensities corresponding to R-Cube texture, the typical rolling texture of α-fiber, and the Cube texture achieved by theoretical calculation is the closest to the value obtained by experimental characterization at deformation strain of 1.4, and the deformation strain of HTMZ for the studied 6.5 Si steel involved in TSC is determined to be ~1.4.
Crystal Morphology of Antarctic Micrometeorites Based on Melting–Cooling Processes During Atmospheric Entry
Authors: Sönmez Taki , Aysal Namık
Published: February 2025

Micrometeorites (MMs), which are cosmic dust grains ranging from 10 microns to 2 mm in size, can reach the Earth’s surface through collisions with asteroids or by fragmentation of comets in space. When MMs enter the atmosphere, they are heated to varying degrees depending on their size, mass, speed, and angle of entry. As a result of friction during atmospheric entry, MMs undergo partial melting and subsequently recrystallize during undercooling. In this study, we focused on molten micrometeorites and identified four main types: silicate, glassy, ferruginous, and intermediate forms. The mineralogical compositions of MMs were determined using Raman spectroscopy, while their chemical compositions and phase changes were analyzed using SEM-EDX and LA-ICP-MS methods. The primary silicate phases include olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase, whereas the opaque mineral phases comprise magnetite, troilite, and kamacite (Fe-Ni alloys). Olivine exhibits Fo values ranging from 41 to 96 mol%, and the pyroxenes consist of enstatite and pigeonite compositions (Wo3–8En79–97Fs2–19). Olivine and magnetite display dendritic and skeletal crystal morphologies due to melting and undercooling during atmospheric entry.
The Application of an Abaqus Preprocessor Based on Python Language in a DAHC Negative Poisson Ratio Structure
Authors: Sun Xiaoting , Yu Guibo , Zhu Xiujie , Che Jinli , Yan Yuanyuan , Wang Wei
Published: February 2025

The double-arrow hollow cylinder (DAHC) has excellent mechanical properties under axial compression loads due to its negative Poisson ratio structure. To improve finite element simulation efficiency for parameter optimization analysis, an automatic modeling program for DAHC negative Poisson ratio structures was developed on the ABAQUS platform using Python. The sample was manufactured using selective laser melting additive manufacturing based on the solid model and then simulated using the finite element method. The accuracy of the automatic modeling method was confirmed by comparing load–displacement curves and deformation cloud images with static compression test results. The DAHC automatic modeling program based on Python can reduce workload during parameter optimization analysis and improve finite element analysis efficiency.
Solving Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling Problems Based on Quantum Computing
Authors: Fu Kaihan , Liu Jianjun , Chen Miao , Zhang Huiying
Published: February 2025

Flexible job-shop scheduling problems (FJSPs) represent one of the most complex combinatorial optimization challenges. Modern production systems and control processes demand rapid decision-making in scheduling. To address this challenge, we propose a quantum computing approach for solving FJSPs. We propose a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) model to minimize the makespan of FJSPs, with the scheduling scheme encoded in the ground state of the Hamiltonian operator. The model is solved using a coherent Ising machine (CIM). Numerical experiments are conducted to evaluate and validate the performance and effectiveness of the CIM. The results demonstrate that quantum computing holds significant potential for solving FJSPs more efficiently than traditional computational methods.
The Density Profile of a Neutron Star
Authors: Woodbury Allan D.
Published: February 2025

The problem posed in this study is to determine the density distribution within an ideal spherically symmetric neutron star based on only two constraints: the volumetrically averaged density and a moment of inertia factor, f. In order to deal with the above, it is recognized that space within these objects is heavily curved, and thus lengths, densities, and the moment of inertia have to be adjusted for relativistic effects. For the first time, the minimum relative entropy methodology (MRE) is used to find the expected value of a series of effective densities within a neutron star. In numerical experiments, we use the data from the star PSR J0737-3039A, which has a mass of 2.6×1030 kg and a radius of 13.75 km. Here, the factor f is based on a range of values of moments of inertia (MOI): 1.30–1.63 ×1045 g cm2. For f=0.324, at no time do densities cross over 1×1015 gm/cc. For the most part, densities > 6×1014 gm/cc are shown at radial dimensions of less than about 4 km. When f=0.258, densities closer to the core are pushed higher, as one might expect, and peak at slightly over 4×1015 gm/cc. If recent values of MOI are more appropriate at 1.15×1045 g cm2, this then suggests core densities greater than 4×1015 gm/cc. These various density models lead to quantitative statements about qualitative interpretations, and as time goes on, any internal density models should satisfy the two constraints posed. Also, since the model presented here is probabilistic, it can be established that density at a certain depth is constrained within a certain confidence limit. The expected values of densities for PSR J0737-3039A are in reasonable agreement with current conceptual neutron star models but are highly sensitive to assumed MOI values. It is emphasized that the probabilities and the mean values of density obtained are conditional on the imposed moments, namely, M and f, and also the radius R.
Research on Bus Voltage Stability Control Technology of the DC Microgrid Based on the Disturbance Estimation Feedforward Compensation Strategy
Authors: Qiao Huiting , Xin Hongyan , Li Kaiman , Yu Zeyuan
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a control method for the voltage stability of DC microgrid buses based on a disturbance estimation feedforward compensation strategy, aiming to enhance the dynamic response characteristics of the system. A nonlinear disturbance observer is designed to estimate the load current, and the estimated value is applied to the control loop through the feedforward compensation strategy, effectively mitigating the impact of load disturbances on voltage. To simplify the complex dynamic characteristics of the nonlinear observer, a linear equivalent method is employed. This strategy significantly improves the dynamic regulation performance of the DC bus voltage, ensuring system stability and control accuracy.
Impact of Parathormone (PTH) Levels on the Presence of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Primary Aldosteronism and Essential Hypertension
Authors: Fernández-Sánchez Álvaro , Meneses Diego , Bellasai Emma Raquel Alegre , Cárdenas-Salas Jersy , Paniagua Amalia , Vázquez Clotilde , Ruiz-Sánchez Jorge Gabriel
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is associated with a higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk than essential hypertension (EH) and is mainly driven by the excess of aldosterone production. Studies suggest a relationship between aldosterone and parathormone (PTH) homeostasis. Excessive PTH levels seem to also be associated with CVD. The impact of PTH levels on CVD in PA patients has not been totally elucidated. We evaluated the associations of PTH levels and hyperparathyroidism with CVD in patients with PA and EH. Methods: A cross-sectional study of a group of 67 patients was carried out, with 35 patients with PA and a control group of 32 patients with EH. We looked at the presence of CVD and data on the factors associated with its presence were collected and analyzed. A binary logistic regression was performed to assess multivariate relationships. Results: PA patients had higher PTH levels compared to the EH group (64 ± 42 vs. 39 ± 13 pg/mL, p = 0.004). Significative differences in PTH levels were observed according to the grade of hypertension in PA patients. Both hyperparathyroidism and CVD were found at higher rates in patients with PA. Patients with CVD exhibited significantly higher PAC values than patients without it (41.4 ± 18 vs. 21.4 ± 12 ng/dL, p < 0.001). Patients with hyperparathyroidism had higher rates of CVD than patients without it (58 vs. 24%, p = 0.018). Patients with PA and hyperparathyroidism manifested a higher rate of CVD than patients without this combination. A logistic regression showed an independent association of PAC and hyperparathyroidism with the presence of CVD in the total cohort. Conclusions: Hyperparathyroidism is associated with a higher probability of CVD both in PA and EH. The presence of hyperparathyroidism in PA seems to exacerbate the risk of CVD, with higher PTH levels associated with higher grades of hypertension in this cohort.
Eggplant Flour as a Functional Ingredient in Frankfurt-Type Sausages: Design, Preparation and Evaluation
Authors: Blumenthal-Rodriguez Jenny , Amaya-Guerra Carlos A. , Quintero-Ramos Armando , Castillo-Hernández Sandra L. , Bautista-Villarreal Minerva , Báez-González Juan G. , Elizondo-Luevano Joel H. , Torres-Alvarez Cynthia
Published: February 2025

The food industry faces significant challenges in meeting the demand for healthier and more sustainable products, particularly in the search for natural alternatives that optimize the nutritional value of processed products and, at the same time, improve their functionality and shelf life. The objective of this study was to evaluate eggplant flour (EF) in different concentrations (2–9%) as an alternative ingredient in the production of Frankfurt sausages. The physicochemical (Aw and pH) and chromatic properties, as well as the antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, ORAC), total phenolic content, flavonoids, and sensory evaluation were analyzed. The physicochemical properties were as follows: Aw showed an average value of 0.973, and the average pH was 6.35. Additionally, significant differences were observed in chromatic properties across treatments. The antioxidant activity values ranged between 586.4–1775.5 ABTS µM eq. of Trolox/g of sausage and 550.7–1764.0 µM eq. of Trolox/g of sausage, indicating an improvement in activity as EF concentration increased. Treatments containing EF at 2% (T2) and 3% (T3) achieved an average acceptability rating close to 4 (“I like it slightly”), demonstrating a balance between functionality and sensory acceptability, although higher concentrations adversely affected flavor and texture perception. Eggplant flour was an effective and sustainable choice for enhancing meat products’ quality and shelf life, contributing to the development of healthier and more sustainable food options.
Retinal Disease Variability in Female Carriers of RPGR Variants Associated with Retinitis Pigmentosa: Clinical and Genetic Parameters
Authors: Gocuk Sena A. , Edwards Thomas L. , Jolly Jasleen K. , Chen Fred K. , Sousa David C. , McGuinness Myra B. , McLaren Terri L. , Lamey Tina M. , Thompson Jennifer A. , Ayton Lauren N.
Published: February 2025

Objectives: We sought to investigate the visual function, retinal features, and genotype–phenotype correlations of an Australian cohort of RPGR carriers. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated RPGR carriers seen in Melbourne and Perth between 2013 and 2023 and healthy women seen between 2022 and 2023 in Melbourne. Visual acuity tests, fundus-tracked microperimetry, and retinal imaging were performed. RPGR carriers were classified into four retinal phenotypes (normal, radial, focal pigmentary retinopathy, and male pattern phenotype) and compared against healthy controls. Genotype–phenotype relationships in the RPGR carriers were investigated. Results: Thirty-five female RPGR carriers and thirty healthy controls were included in this study. The median ages were 40 and 48.5 years for RPGR carriers and controls, respectively (p = 0.26). Most RPGR carriers (89%) had a genetic diagnosis. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), low luminance visual acuity, retinal sensitivity, central inner retinal thickness (IRT, 1°), and photoreceptor complex (PRC) thickness across the central 1–7° of the retina differed between phenotypes of RPGR carriers. On average, RPGR carriers with ORF15 variants (n = 25 carriers) had reduced LLVA, a greater IRT at 1°, and thinner PRC thickness at 7° from the fovea (all p < 0.05) compared to those with exon 1–14 variants. Conclusions: Female RPGR carriers with severe retinal phenotypes had significantly decreased visual function and changes in retinal structure in comparison to both the controls and carriers with mild retinal disease. BCVA, LLVA, retinal sensitivity, and retinal thickness are biomarkers for detecting retinal disease in RPGR carriers. The genetic variant alone did not influence retinal phenotype; however, RPGR carriers with ORF15 variants exhibited reduced retinal and visual measurements compared to those with exon 1–14 variants.
Fission Track Dating of Obsidian Samples from Lipari Neolithic Settlements
Authors: Martinelli Maria Clara , Bonizzoni Letizia , Coltelli Mauro , Manni Marco , Pefano Arianna , Oddone Massimo , Guglielmetti Alessandra
Published: February 2025

The present work describes the first results of the project “Lipari Obsidian and Neolithic Human Communities in the Aeolian Islands”, which aims to study the connection between obsidian sources on the island of Lipari and Neolithic populations on the Aeolian archipelago in Italy. Obsidian is a natural volcanic glass used to produce chipped tools; in the Neolithic period it was the sharpest known material and its trade played an important role in the Mediterranean area. It is thus of particular interest for tracing prehistoric trading patterns. Indeed, Lipari obsidian has a wide distribution and has been found even in southern France, Dalmatia, Sicily and mainland Italy. To reach the project goal, we considered both raw materials from different obsidian geological samples and artefacts from Neolithic settlements on the Aeolian islands, and performed fission-track dating (FT), a radiometric technique that can be used for uranium-bearing minerals and glasses. The preliminary results facilitated the age determination of geological samples, which we could relate to the different eruption phases. Archaeological samples were also dated; their link with the studied volcanic deposits and lava flows made it possible to shed some new light on raw material procurement and on the ability of the Neolithic populations to move from their locations, with particular attention to the consequences of environmental features on the first human settlements on the Aeolian islands.
Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Congenital Heart Disease: A Review
Authors: Dave Amartya , Santos Raquel dos , Siddiqi Usmaan , Dharia Aashi , Li Willa , Siddiqi Umar , Nguyen Nhung , Pocivavsek Luka , Hibino Narutoshi
Published: February 2025

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a tool that allows for the analysis of otherwise unobservable blood flow patterns. In the context of medicine, CFD enables researchers to better understand acute and chronic pathophysiology as well as utilize modeling tools to predict blood flow patterns in response to surgical intervention. Such a tool is particularly useful in the field of congenital heart disease (CHD), where complex geometries and patient-specific pathology are common. Research applying CFD to study CHDs has significantly grown in the last twenty years, with new methodologies and recommendations being published at an even faster pace in the last decade. Many currently available reviews are focused on a particular area of progress or on the technical approaches to CFD geared toward the clinician. This review focuses on CFD application within the major domains of CHD research, specifically single ventricle defects and aortic coarctation, reviewing consensus seminal work while highlighting more recent avenues of study. Balancing discussion of CFD parameters with potential clinical implications of study results, this review not only aims to provide cardiovascular professionals context for the technical advancements being made in the field but also a sense of contemporary CFD’s utility in clinical practice.
Clear Cell Sarcoma (CCS) of the Soft Tissue: An Update Narrative Review with Emphasis on the Utility of PRAME in Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Cazzato Gerardo , Piscazzi Francesco , Filosa Alessandra , Colagrande Anna , Del Fiore Paolo , Ambrogio Francesca , Battilotti Chiara , Danese Andrea , Federico Serena , Cassalia Fortunato
Published: February 2025

Clear Cell Sarcoma (CCS) of soft tissue is a rare and highly malignant neoplasm primarily affecting young adults, often presenting in the deep soft tissues of the extremities. Despite morphological and immunophenotypic similarities to melanoma, CCS arises from connective tissues and is characterized by a distinct genetic hallmark: the EWSR1-ATF1 fusion resulting from t(12;22)(q13;q12) translocation. This genetic signature is absent in melanoma, making molecular diagnosis essential for accurate differentiation. Additionally, recent evidence highlights the utility of PRAME as an immunohistochemical marker to distinguish CCS from melanoma and other neoplasms. Clinically, CCS commonly involves tendons and aponeuroses, with metastatic potential leading to poor prognoses despite optimal local disease management. Histologically, CCS features lobular growth, spindle-to-epithelioid cells with clear cytoplasm, and low mitotic activity, often necessitating a multimodal diagnostic approach incorporating histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular testing. Therapeutically, wide surgical excision remains the cornerstone for localized disease, with sentinel lymph node biopsy aiding in staging. Adjuvant radiotherapy is considered in select cases, while chemotherapy has limited efficacy in metastatic settings. Emerging treatments, including targeted therapies focusing on EWSR1-ATF1-driven pathways and immune checkpoint inhibitors, offer hope for improved outcomes. This review synthesizes current knowledge on CCS, emphasizing diagnostic challenges, the role of PRAME, and advancements in therapeutic strategies to enhance patient care.
Dynamic Arterial Elastance as a Predictor of Intraoperative Fluid Responsiveness in Elderly Patient over 70 Years of Age Undergoing Spine Surgery in the Prone Position Under General Anesthesia: A Validation Study
Authors: Oh Eun Jung , Cho Eun Ah , Jun Joohyun , Lee Sung Hyun , Lee Seunghyeon , Ahn Jin Hee
Published: February 2025

Background: Optimizing fluid therapy is critical for maintaining hemodynamic stability in elderly patients undergoing major surgeries. Dynamic arterial elastance (Eadyn), defined as the ratio of pulse pressure variation (PPV) to stroke volume variation (SVV), has been proposed as a predictor of fluid responsiveness, especially in challenging conditions like prone-positioned spine surgery under general anesthesia. Methods: Hemodynamic parameters were measured before and after fluid loading with 500 mL of crystalloid solution. Patients were classified as responders or non-responders based on a ≥15% increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) post-fluid administration. Predictive performance of these parameters was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: Of the 37 patients, 15 were classified as responders and 22 as non-responders. Eadyn demonstrated poor predictive performance (AUC = 0.508). In contrast, SVV (AUC = 0.808), PPV (AUC = 0.738), and C (AUC = 0.741) exhibited moderate to high predictive ability. Responders exhibited significantly higher baseline SVV, PPV, and net arterial compliance compared to non-responders. Conclusions: Dynamic arterial elastance (Eadyn) showed limited predictive ability for fluid responsiveness in elderly patients undergoing spine surgery in the prone position. In contrast, stroke volume variation (SVV), pulse pressure variation (PPV), and net arterial compliance (C) demonstrated superior reliability, with SVV emerging as the most accurate predictor.
Biocontrol of Seedborne Fungi on Small-Grained Cereals Using Bacillus halotolerans Strain B33
Authors: Popović Milovanović Tatjana , Iličić Renata , Bagi Ferenc , Aleksić Goran , Trkulja Nenad , Trkulja Vojislav , Jelušić Aleksandra
Published: February 2025

The development of biological pesticides is rapidly becoming an integral aspect of pest management in sustainable agriculture. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Bacillus halotolerans strain B33 against three common seedborne fungal pathogens—Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, and Aspergillus flavus. B33 strain identity was determined using the 16S rRNA and tuf gene sequences. Commercial wheat, barley, oat, and rye seeds were artificially infected by fungal isolates and then treated with B33 overnight culture in Nutrient Broth. The obtained results indicate high efficacy against F. graminearum (83.55–94.38%) and A. alternata (85.05–96.70%), whereby the highest efficacy was noted on wheat seed and the lowest was detected on rye seed. On the other hand, B33 achieved 100% efficacy against A. flavus on barley, rye, and oat seeds, while being 96.24% effective against this pathogen on wheat. Principal component analysis indicated the highest treatment influence on A. flavus. The effect of all tested treatments on seed germination was statistically significant compared to the controls, whereby the number of germinated seeds declined as the seed infection rate increased. B. halotolerans strain B33 effectively managed seedborne fungal pathogens, thereby enhancing seed germination.
Dynamic Behavior of Submerged Cylindrical Shells Under Combined Underwater Explosion, Bubble Pulsation, and Hydrostatic Pressure
Authors: Fan Ruyi , Lin Gaojian , Zhang Hang , Zhang Longfei , Sun Weifu
Published: February 2025

Understanding the dynamic response of cylindrical shells subjected to underwater explosion is crucial for designing safe underwater vehicles, especially in deep-water environments where the shell structures are prestressed by hydrostatic pressure. The complex combination of external loading crossing different temporal scales—from underwater explosive shock waves to bubble pulsation and hydrostatic pressure—results in a synergic damaging effect on the target structures. In this work, the dynamic responses and buckling failure mechanisms of deeply immersed (≥1300 m) cylindrical shells subjected to underwater explosion were investigated through a numerical approach using the finite element method. A convenient and reliable routine for imposing hydrostatic pressure in the Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian model was developed and validated. Three-dimensional models, composed of spherical charges and shell targets under deep-water conditions, were established to reveal the influences of key factors, including explosion depth and explosion distance, on the failure modes. The results show that the numerical models presented in this work are capable of simulating the complex synergic effect of hydrostatic pressure, the bubble pulsation process, and shock waves on the failure mechanisms of deeply immersed cylindrical shells. This work could provide valuable guidance for the design of safer deep-water marine structures.
Correction: Kebe, M.; Sanduleanu, M. A Low-Phase-Noise 8 GHz Linear-Band Sub-Millimeter-Wave Phase-Locked Loop in 22 nm FD-SOI CMOS. Micromachines 2023, 14, 1010
Authors: Kebe Mamady , Sanduleanu Mihai
Published: February 2025

In the published publication [...]
Emerging Bluetongue Virus Serotype 4 in the Balearic Islands, Spain (2021): Outbreak Investigations and Experimental Infection in Sheep
Authors: Romero-Trancón David , Valero-Lorenzo Marta , Ruano María José , Fernández-Pacheco Paloma , García-Villacieros Elena , Tena-Tomás Cristina , López-Herranz Ana , Morales Jorge , Martí Bartolomé , Jiménez-Clavero Miguel Ángel , Cáceres-Garrido Germán , Agüero Montserrat , Villalba Rubén
Published: February 2025

Bluetongue is an infectious, non-contagious, arthropod-borne viral disease of ruminants caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), producing severe impacts on livestock. Historically, Southern Europe has suffered multiple incursions of different BTV serotypes with serious consequences. In 2021, BTV re-emerged in the Balearic Islands (Spain) after 16 years free of the disease, causing a large outbreak that mainly affected sheep, as well as cattle and goats. A novel emerging strain of BTV serotype 4 (BTV-4) was identified via preliminary molecular characterization as the etiological culprit of the epizootic. This study delineates the outbreak in the Balearic Islands in 2021, encompassing field-based clinical observations and laboratory findings. Additionally, an experimental infection was conducted in sheep using the novel BTV-4 strain to assess its virulence, pathogenicity, and laboratory diagnostic characteristics. The in vivo characterization was conducted concurrently with the virulent and widely disseminated BTV-4 RNM 2020 strain that has precipitated significant outbreaks in the Mediterranean region in recent years. Both strains exhibited analogous pathogenic potential in sheep and yielded equivalent outcomes in diagnostic parameters. Furthermore, the impact of the novel BTV-4 strain is discussed.
Exploring the Aβ Plaque Microenvironment in Alzheimer’s Disease Model Mice by Multimodal Lipid-Protein-Histology Imaging on a Benchtop Mass Spectrometer
Authors: Müller Elisabeth , Enzlein Thomas , Niemeyer Dagmar , von Ammon Livia , Stumpo Katherine , Biber Knut , Klein Corinna , Hopf Carsten
Published: February 2025

Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposits in the brain are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology. Plaques consist of complex mixtures of peptides like Aβ1–42 and characteristic lipids such as gangliosides, and they are targeted by reactive microglia and astrocytes. Background: In pharmaceutical research and development, it is a formidable challenge to contextualize the different biomolecular classes and cell types of the Aβ plaque microenvironment in a coherent experimental workflow on a single tissue section and on a benchtop imaging reader. Methods: Here, we developed a workflow that combines lipid MALDI mass spectrometry imaging using a vacuum-stable matrix with histopathology stains and with the MALDI HiPLEX immunohistochemistry of plaques and multiple protein markers on a benchtop imaging mass spectrometer. The three data layers consisting of lipids, protein markers, and histology could be co-registered and evaluated together. Results: Multimodal data analysis suggested the extensive co-localization of Aβ plaques with the peptide precursor protein, with a defined subset of lipids and with reactive glia cells on a single brain section in APPPS1 mice. Plaque-associated lipids like ganglioside GM2 and phosphatidylinositol PI38:4 isoforms were readily identified using the tandem MS capabilities of the mass spectrometer. Conclusions: Altogether, our data suggests that complex pathology involving multiple lipids, proteins and cell types can be interrogated by this spatial multiomics workflow on a user-friendly benchtop mass spectrometer.
Mitigating Response of SlCSE06 Induced by 2-Ethylfuran to Botrytis cinerea Infection
Authors: Ye Huilan , Gao Hongdou , Li Jinnian , Lu Linye , Zheng Shilan , Wu Chengxin , Jin Youliang , Cao Chengjuan , Zhu Haisheng , Liu Shuang , Zhong Fenglin
Published: February 2025

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a major economic vegetable crop globally, yet it is prone to gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea infection during cultivation. Caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) is a crucial component of the lignin biosynthesis pathway, which significantly contributes to plant stress resistance. Therefore, investigating the expression patterns of SlCSE after Botrytis cinerea infection may offer a theoretical foundation for breeding resistant tomato varieties. In this study, 11 SlCSE family members were identified from the tomato genome using bioinformatics analyses. Public transcriptome databases and RT-qPCR experiments were used to analyze gene expression in tomato tissues, responses to Botrytis cinerea infection, and the temporal characteristics of the response to 2-ethylfuran treatment during infection. These experiments resulted in the identification of the key gene SlCSE06. Transgenic tomato lines that overexpressed SlCSE06 were constructed to examine their resistance levels to gray mold disease. Many SlCSE genes were upregulated when tomato fruit were infected with Botrytis cinerea during the ripening stage. Furthermore, 24 h after treatment with 2-ethylfuran, most SlCSE genes exhibited increased expression levels compared with the control group, but they exhibited significantly lower levels at other time points. Thus, 2-ethylfuran treatment may enhance the responsiveness of SlCSEs. Based on this research, SlCSE06 was identified as the key gene involved in the response to Botrytis cinerea infection. The SlCSE06-overexpressing (OE6) tomato plants exhibited a 197.94% increase in expression levels compared to the wild type (WT). Furthermore, the lignin content in OE6 was significantly higher than in WT, suggesting that the overexpression of SlCSE06 enhanced lignin formation in tomato plants. At 5 days post-inoculation with Botrytis cinerea, the lesion diameter in OE6 decreased by 31.88% relative to the WT, whereas the lignin content increased by 370.90%. Furthermore, the expression level of SlCSE06 was significantly upregulated, showing a 17.08-fold increase compared with the WT. These findings suggest that 2-ethylfuran enhances the activation of the critical tomato disease resistance gene SlCSE06 in response to gray mold stress, thereby promoting lignin deposition to mitigate further infection by Botrytis cinerea.
Lords-and-Ladies (Arum) as Food in Eurasia: A Review
Authors: Łuczaj Łukasz , Emre Gizem
Published: February 2025

(1) Background. Although Arum spp. are toxic in their raw state, they are sometimes used as food within their native ranges. (2) Methods. We review the available literature in order to provide an overview of its use and detoxification procedures worldwide. (3) Results. The food use of lords-and-ladies was already mentioned by Theophrastus, Dioscorides, Matthioli, Durante, Gerard, and Sirennius. In the references concerning 19th–21st-century use, seven species were identified: A. cyrenaicum, A. discoridis, A. italicum, A. maculatum, A. orientale, A. palaestinum, and A. rupicola. Past or current culinary use of the plant has been recorded in Morocco, Libya, the United Kingdom, the Scilly Islands, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Romania, Ukraine (including Crimea), Czechia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Albania, Georgia, Türkiye, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Israel, Iraq, and Iran. (4) In Europe, rhizomes were used, mainly as a famine food. In SW Asia, the aerial parts remain an important element of local cuisine. Several detoxification procedures are used before consumption, such as prolonged boiling, often involving straining the boiled water and lowering the pH with lemon juice, sumac, citric acid, sorrel leaves, or pomegranate juice. (5) Conclusions. Further studies are needed to assess the safety of Arum use and record traditional local recipes in SW Asia.
A Rapid and Green Method for the Preparation of Solketal Carbonate from Glycerol
Authors: Karmee Sanjib Kumar , Gundekari Sreedhar , Muller Louis C. , Hable Ajinkya
Published: February 2025

Glycerol is a biogenic waste that is generated in both the biodiesel and oleo-chemical industries. The value addition of surplus glycerol is of utmost importance for making these industries economically profitable. In line with this, glycerol is converted into glycerol carbonate, a potential candidate for the industrial production of polymers and biobased non-isocyanate polyurethanes. In addition, glycerol can also be converted into solketal, which is the protected form of glycerol with a primary hydroxyl functional group. In this contribution, we developed a microwave-assisted solvent and catalyst-free method for converting solketal into solketal carbonate. Under conventional heating conditions, the reaction of solketal with dimethyl carbonate resulted in 70% solketal carbonate in 48 h. However, under microwave heating, 90% solketal carbonate was obtained in just 30 min. From the perspective of sustainability and green chemistry, biomass-derived heterogeneous catalysts are gaining importance. Therefore, in this project, several green catalysts, such as molecular sieves (MS, 4Å), Hβ-Zeolite, Montmorillonite K-10 clay, activated carbon from groundnut shell (Arachis hypogaea), biochar prepared from the pyrolysis of sawdust, and silica gel, were successfully used for the carbonyl transfer reaction. The obtained solketal carbonate was thoroughly characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and MS. The method presented here is facile, clean, and environmentally benign, as it eliminates the use of complicated procedures, toxic solvents, and toxic catalysts.
On a Web-Based Oscilloscope Interface App for E-Learning: Software Architecture, Practical Applications, and User Experience
Authors: Ferreira João , Rocha André , Alves Mário , Oliveira Paulo Coelho de
Published: February 2025

Almost two decades have passed since the development of the first (stand-alone) version of the oscilloscope simulator, known as Analogue Oscilloscope Simulator, widely utilized by thousands of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) students at Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP). Meanwhile, dramatic changes have occurred in students’ learning preferences, digital competences, and expectations, alongside advancements in software architectures, internet accessibility, and Quality-of-Service (QoS). This paper presents the design, implementation and applications of the new version of oscilloscope simulator, named Oscilloscope Web Interface, built from scratch to replicate a real oscilloscope and signal generator. The application offers two operating modes, Simulation Mode and Acquisition & Control Mode, designed to support various use cases, including (i) supporting students’ (e-)learning of oscilloscope basics; (ii) enhancing live in-class teaching and demonstrations; (iii) creating instructional materials; (iv) supporting remote experimentation and circuit signal analysis; and (v) complementing or substituting traditional lab work. Recently, this tool was used by approximately 250 students enrolled in the Circuit Theory (TCIRC) course (ECE degree, first year, second semester). It was initially employed for off-class preparation of a laboratory script focusing on the fundamental operations of the oscilloscope and signal generator and, subsequently, for training ahead of their first laboratory test. Analysis of nearly two hundred questionnaire responses indicates that the overall user experience was highly positive. Beyond immediate classroom applications, the tool offers the potential to expand remote education capabilities, foster self-directed learning, and serve as a benchmark for developing similar tools in other engineering disciplines.