bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a Theory of Economic Solvency for Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Gilroy Heidi , Nava Angeles , McFarlane Judith
Published: June 2019

Poverty and intimate partner violence create a cycle that is difficult for women to escape. To create programs to help women escape the cycle, a full understanding of economic solvency is needed. A Model of Economic Solvency has been created, and this Grounded Theory study serves to validate the model and give more details so that it can be effectively used in research and interventions. The revised model defines economic solvency as a woman’s human capital, social capital, sustainable employment, independence, and assets. These factors are affected by opportunities and threats in her relationships, community, and society.
Multi-objective optimization approach on diffuse sound transmission through poroelastic composite sandwich structure
Authors: Talebitooti Roohollah , Zarastvand Mohamadreza , Darvishgohari Hamed
Published: June 2019

Multi-objective vibroacoustic optimization of the double-walled doubly curved composite shells having poroelastic lining in its core in a diffuse field is performed based on Non-dominated sorting Genetic Algorithm-II. To present an analytical model on the basis of multi-objective optimization, the summation of sound transmission loss and transverse displacement along with weight of the structure are considered as two cost functions, which should be optimized in a diffuse field. In fact, the significant achievement of this work is to design an optimization algorithm to improve vibroacoustic fitness and weight of the sandwich doubly curved shells. In the first part of the paper, a general formulation is prepared to analyze the dynamic of the poroelastic composite sandwich structures. Likewise, some validation configurations are presented to confirm the accuracy of the current formulation. Consequently, an optimization algorithm is provided on the basis of considering some appropriate design variables including material and porous types as well as stacking sequences. In this regard, a batch of 19 benchmarks of porous core is investigated. Furthermore, a configuration of optimized points in the Pareto front is plotted in which the simultaneous effects of optimizing the weight and vibroacoustic fitness can be observed. As a result, a new approach is made through optimization of the transverse displacement of the structure as a function of various incidence and azimuth angles in three dimensional configurations with respect to different frequencies.
Becoming Socrates: Five elements of the consecration process and the case of Jan Patočka
Authors: Želinský Dominik
Published: June 2019

This article explores the phenomenon of consecration, which, so far, has been neglected by sociologists of intellectuals. Contrary to the common Bourdieusian approach to consecration, which conflates it with legitimization, consecration is conceptualized as a process of the symbolic elevation of a figure, or an object, to the level of sacred symbols relevant to a particular community. Five analytically distinctive elements are identified that constitute the consecration process and a proposed framework is applied to disentangle the consecration of the Czech philosopher, and martyr of anti-communist dissent, Jan Patočka. In this analysis, original data are used to uncover repressed facts about the life of this intellectual icon.
Influence mechanism of multi-coupling error on the load sharing characteristics of herringbone gear planetary transmission system
Authors: Mo Shuai , Zhang Ting , Jin Guoguang , Feng Zhanyong , Gong Jiabei , Zhu Shengping
Published: June 2019

The load sharing characteristics of the herringbone planetary transmission system are a key indicator for evaluating the bearing stability and reliability of each planet gear in the transmission system. The value of the load sharing coefficient is closely related to the manufacturing error and the assembly error in gear processing and assembly process. Therefore, it is indispensable to study the influence mechanism of these errors on the load sharing characteristics of the transmission system. Nevertheless, researches on the multi-coupling transmission error to the load sharing characteristics of herringbone planetary transmission system did not receive enough attention, but much of the single errors. Based on the centralized parameters theory and the Lagrange method, this research establishes a dynamic model for herringbone planetary transmission system and creatively proposes a study of multi-coupling error which consists of eccentric error, tooth profile error, stagger angle and assembly error. This work shows that the changing regulation of the load sharing characteristics with any one of the above errors is different. However, the load sharing characteristics become worse with the increase of multi-coupling error, in which the eccentric error plays a main role. Therefore, the error control should focus on eccentric error.
No Struggle When I'm Looking
Authors: Gelo Florence
Published: June 2019

This narrative is one in a series of art-based interviews of patients in hospice care. The project uses art images to facilitate conversations to better understand the role of spirituality in coping.
A Cohesive Research Approach to Assess Care-Related Quality of Life: Lessons Learned From Adapting an Easy Read Survey With Older Service Users With Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Phillipson Lyn , Smith Louisa , Caiels James , Towers Ann-Marie , Jenkins Susan
Published: June 2019

New or adapted methods and tools are needed to ensure the voices of older people with cognitive impairment and dementia are included in evaluations of care services which aim to support their quality of life (QoL). In this study, cognitive interviewing practices were used with a group of 26 older service users with cognitive impairment from two service providers in New South Wales, Australia, to test and modify the Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit Easy Read (ER) survey to improve its suitability for this cohort. We used Antonovsky’s “sense of coherence” framework to describe our research approach and how it was adapted to provide a manageable, meaningful, and comprehensible experience for our participants. While the modified ER format made the survey more comprehensible and meaningful, it was the techniques of cognitive interviewing that made the research approach manageable. We argue that while ER does support the research process for older service users with cognitive impairment, combining ER pictorials with the qualitative interactions with the researcher, in particular cognitive interviewing strategies, is needed to support a cohesive approach to assess care-related QoL in this vulnerable group.
Transforming Transcripts Into Stories: A Multimethod Approach to Narrative Analysis
Authors: Nasheeda Aishath , Abdullah Haslinda Binti , Krauss Steven Eric , Ahmed Nobaya Binti
Published: June 2019

Stories are essential realities from our past and present. As the primary sources of data in narrative research, interview transcripts play an essential role in giving meaning to the personal stories of research participants. The pragmatic narratives found in transcripts represent human experience as it unfolds. Analyzing the narratives found in interview transcripts thus moves beyond providing descriptions and thematic developments as found in most qualitative studies. Crafting stories from interview transcripts involves a complex set of analytic processes. Building on the first author's personal experience in working on a doctoral thesis employing narrative inquiry, this article presents a multimethod restorying framework to narrative analysis. A step-by-step progression within the framework includes choosing interview participants, transcribing interviews, familiarizing oneself with the transcripts (elements of holistic-content reading), chronologically plotting (elements of the story), use of follow-up interviews as a way to collaborate (an important procedure in narrative inquiry), and developing the story through structural analysis. It is hoped that this article will encourage other researchers embarking on narrative analysis to become creative in presenting participants’ lived experiences through meaningful, collaborative strategies. This article demonstrates the fluidity of narrative analysis and emphasizes that there is no single procedure to be followed in attempting to create stories from interview transcripts.
The paradigm of the charismatic leader
Authors: Spoelstra Sverre
Published: June 2019

This invited contribution is a reflection on my motivation for writing the book Leadership and Organization: A Philosophical Introduction (Spoelstra, 2018). The premise of the book is that popular leadership adjectives, e.g. ‘transformational’, ‘authentic’ and ‘servant’, are much more interesting than the corresponding leadership constructs suggest. The book claims that these popular leadership concepts are still shaped by the figure of the charismatic leader, even though the concept of charisma in leadership studies has lost much of its appeal. In this paper,I further suggest that popular leadership concepts, including the ones mentioned, create a followership that deserves to be critically interrogated.
k-barrier coverage reliability evaluation for wireless sensor networks using two-dimensional k-within-consecutive-r × s-out-of-m × n:F system
Authors: Liu Qiang
Published: June 2019

The reliability of k-barrier coverage for wireless sensor networks is evaluated in this article. We construct a two-dimensional k-within-consecutive- r ×  s-out-of- m ×  n:F system to describe the k-barrier coverage problem and propose the definition of the k-barrier coverage reliability. If the sensing radius r of each sensor is equal to half of the horizontal distance d between two adjacent sensors, then the formula for calculating the k-barrier coverage reliability can be derived directly. If r is a positive integer multiple of d, then a recursive algorithm is applied to calculate the coverage reliability. The effects of the probability that sensors are active, the number of rows of deployed sensors and the number of sensors in each row on the coverage reliability are also analyzed using some illustrative examples. The results show that, if r =  d/2, the reliability of a barrier decreases with an increase in the length of the barrier; if r =  t ×  d ( t is a positive integer), the reliability of a barrier hardly decreases with an increase in the length of the barrier.
Multi-mission selective maintenance modelling for multistate systems over a finite time horizon
Authors: Zhang Xiaosheng , Chen Jianqiao , Han Ben , Li Junxiang
Published: June 2019

In the life cycle of a long-life structure, multiple maintenances are often required to ensure safety or normal performance. This article developed a multi-mission selective maintenance optimization model for a system with several multistate components over a finite time horizon. The model aims to minimize the total cost by determining the optimal intervention time and the corresponding maintenance option of each component. The system reliability requirement is taken as the constraint. The degradation process of each component is characterized by a homogeneous continuous time Markov chain in this model. Considering the uncertainties that exist during the deterioration–maintenance process, the condition state of each component at any time is described by a state probability vector. In addition, the components in the system are considered to be structurally dependent during the maintenance process, and a directed graph is used to represent the precedence relations among these components. A differential evolution algorithm is utilized to solve this complicated optimization model. A numerical example and an engineering application are presented to illustrate the availability of the proposed model.
Global justice, sovereignty, and the problem of perspective
Authors: Szende Jennifer
Published: June 2019

This article argues that a state-centered theory of global justice exhibits an epistemic problem of perspective, and that this worry exhibits a gendered character. Within a liberal domestic theory of justice, the public/private distinction has been repeatedly shown to be bad for women because it creates a domain for injustice that becomes invisible to public policy and the law. This article argues that state-centered theories of global justice create an analogous space that is cut off from questions of global justice. The article therefore suggests that this way of framing questions of global justice is problematic, and is problematic for women in particular. Just as the public/private distinction in liberal domestic justice leaves cases of injustice outside the vision of the law, the hard distinction between the domestic (state) sphere and the international realm of justice leaves cases of injustice invisible to international law. For the question of global justice, the privileging of sovereignty and non-intervention compromises the ability of the theory to achieve its purported goal of universal justice.
Digital Activism and Indignation Nets in Brazil: The Pressure Groups
Authors: Cavalcanti Davi Barboza , Bringel Elder Paes Barreto , da Costa Fábio Regueira Jardelino , de Oliveira Tassiana Moura , Zuccolotto Vinicius Rodrigues
Published: June 2019

To understand the relevance of the new media in the formation of the indignation nets, this text, of exploratory stamp, debates the digital activism in contemporary Brazil . Methodologically, we will make a discussion on cyberactivism, digital media, and national pressure groups starting from two examples, Movimento Brasil Livre (The Free Brazil Movement) and Vem pra Rua (Come to The Street movement) – these are key movements in the organisation of the big anti-government mobilisation that took place in 2015–2016 in Brazil. The theme is important because it embraces current and future challenges of the digital activism, once that this field faced significant changes in the last decades, with the development of interactive media and the technological convergence.
Considerations of Conservative Treatment After a Partial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury in Overhead Athletes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cascia Nicole , Picha Kelsey , Hettrich Carolyn M. , Uhl Tim L.
Published: June 2019

Context:

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstructions continue to increase without consensus on an evidence-based treatment protocol for nonoperative management. Currently, there is no consensus on an effective nonoperative protocol for partial UCL injuries that uses return-to-play (RTP) rates in determining the outcome of conservative treatment.

Objective:

To systematically review RTP rates after conservative treatment of partial UCL injuries in overhead athletes along with descriptive components of each conservative intervention to identify an effective evidence-based nonoperative rehabilitation protocol.

Data Sources:

Articles in PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, and SPORTDiscus were identified in October 2018 based on the following terms: overhead athlete, ulnar collateral ligament, nonoperative treatment, and return to play.

Study Selection:

Seven retrospective, level 4 studies (n = 196) qualified for analysis.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Data Extraction:

Study design, level of evidence, demographics, sample size, sports involved, level of competition, grade or type of UCL diagnosis, conservative treatment components, and percentage RTP were extracted.

Results:

Overall, RTP rates after conservative treatment ranged between 42% and 100% (mean, 78% ± 20%). The most frequently reported components of rehabilitation protocols were (1) a period of rest, (2) stretching, (3) strengthening, and (4) a throwing program. Platelet-rich plasma injections were included in 5 (71%) of the 7 protocols with a rehabilitation period.

Conclusion:

Conservative treatment is a viable option for partial UCL tears in overhead athletes. A successful rehabilitation protocol includes the use of patient-reported outcomes, a sport-specific tailored treatment plan, kinetic chain strengthening, and an interval throwing program. Factors such as age, grading of tear, level of play, sport, and athlete’s perceived well-being should all be considered during treatment decisions.
Perceptual Balance, Stability, and Aesthetic Appreciation: Their Relations Depend on the Picture Type
Authors: Hübner Ronald , Fillinger Martin G.
Published: June 2019

It is widely assumed that the aesthetic appreciation of a picture depends, among others, on how well the picture’s composition is perceptually balanced, where “perceptual balance” is often defined analogous to mechanics. To what extent this metaphor holds for different picture types, however, is still open. Therefore, in this study, we examined the relationship between balance, liking, and some objective measures with pictures from an aesthetic sensitivity test. These stimuli could be divided into single-element, multiple-element, and dynamic-pattern pictures. The results show that “balance” is interpreted differently, depending on the stimulus type. Whereas “mechanical” balance was applied to assess single-element pictures, the balance of multiple-element and dynamic-pattern pictures was rated more in the sense of gravitational stability. Only for the multiple-element stimuli, there was a positive relation between balance/stability and liking. Together, our findings show that there are different types of balance, and that their relation with liking depends on the picture type.
Variability in the clinical management of iron deficiency anaemia in older adults: results from a survey of UK specialists in the care of older people
Authors: Donaldson Alison I.C. , Soiza Roy L. , Hands Katherine J. , Witham Miles D. , Myint Phyo K.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Iron deficiency anaemia in older adults is common, but its management presents unique challenges in diagnosis and management. Little is known about compliance with current best practice guidelines.

Methods:

We undertook an online survey of physician members of the British Geriatrics Society to ascertain how they managed older patients with potential iron deficiency anaemia.

Results:

There were 141 respondents (96% from UK). Almost a third indicated they would accept haemoglobin levels <100 g/dl without further investigation. A quarter said they would only occasionally or never check ferritin levels. Only 30% would sometimes or always use parenteral iron when oral supplements were not tolerated.

Conclusions:

Responses suggest a high level of variation in clinical practice and low adherence to best practice guidelines. Possible explanations include an inadequate evidence base to guide management and a lack of knowledge on the challenges of managing iron deficiency anaemia in this population.
A latent profile analysis of repetitive negative thinking: Distinguishing ruminators from worriers
Authors: Wisco Blair E. , Plate Andre J. , May Casey L. , Aldao Amelia
Published: June 2019

Rumination (negative thinking about the past) and worry (anxious apprehension) are two forms of repetitive thinking associated with psychopathology. Prior research indicates that rumination and worry have both distinct and overlapping features, but the extent to which there are separable groups of individuals who engage in rumination, worry, or both has yet to be examined. We used latent profile analysis, a person-centered statistical technique, to examine profiles of repetitive thinkers in two samples ( ns = 635 and 755). In both studies, profiles emerged of individuals who rarely ruminate or worry ( low repetitive thinkers), individuals who primarily ruminate ( ruminators), individuals who primarily worry ( worriers), and individuals who frequently ruminate and worry ( high repetitive thinkers). In Study 2, a fifth profile of average repetitive thinkers also emerged. Across both samples, high repetitive thinkers showed the highest levels of depression and anxiety symptoms, followed by worriers and ruminators, and then by low repetitive thinkers. In Study 2, the average repetitive thinkers fell below the ruminators and worriers but above the low repetitive thinkers. Thus, there are distinct groups of ruminators and worriers, but individuals who engage in both rumination and worry exhibit the worst outcomes. As such, these findings support adopting a person-centered approach to better understand repetitive thinking styles.
Metacognitive capacity and negative symptoms in first episode psychosis: Evidence of a prospective relationship over a 3-year follow-up
Authors: Austin Stephen Fitzgerald , Lysaker Paul H. , Jansen Jens Einar , Trauelsen Anne Marie , Nielsen Hanne-Grethe Lyse , Pedersen Marlene Buch , Haahr Ulrik Helt , Simonsen Erik
Published: June 2019

Negative symptoms can be linked to Bleuler’s concept of splitting or fragmentation of thought, affect, and will. Research has shown a link between disturbances in metacognition and negative symptoms, although relatively few studies have examined this relationship longitudinally. The aim of this article is to examine whether metacognitive capacity among patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) predicted negative symptoms after a follow-up period of 3 years. Metacognition was assessed using the Metacognition Assessment Scale abbreviated and symptoms were assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale among 59 adults with FEP. Symptoms were then reassessed at a 3-year follow-up. Significant correlations were found between baseline metacognitive scores and the expressive component of negative symptoms as well as for individual negative symptoms such as blunted affect, poor rapport, and alogia at 3-year follow-up after controlling for baseline negative symptoms. Self-reflectivity was significantly correlated with the expressive component of negative symptoms at 3-year follow-up. The results are partly consistent with a Bleulerian model which understands the emergence of negative symptoms as a response in part to the experience of fragmentation, particularly in terms of sense of self and others. Future research should clarify the likely role of metacognition in the development and maintenance of negative symptoms.
Unique and interactive relations among posttraumatic stress, distress tolerance, and anger responding to traumatic event cues
Authors: Morabito Danielle M. , Babson Kimberly A. , Badour Christal L. , Feldner Matthew T.
Published: June 2019

Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated an association between posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and anger. Expanding upon past research, the current study examined the interactive associations among PTSS, distress tolerance (DT), and anger responding among a sample of 95 trauma-exposed adults. This study used a personalized script-driven imagery procedure to gauge emotional responses. Results from a hierarchical linear regression demonstrated a main effect of PTSS and an interaction between PTSS and DT. Simple slope analyses indicated that PTSS level was unrelated to anger responding among traumatic event-exposed people relatively low in DT, while anger responses were positively correlated with levels of PTSS among those relatively higher in DT. These findings highlight the need for future research to consider DT as well as other emotional vulnerability factors in assessing posttraumatic stress disorder-related anger.
Emirati women’s attitudes towards menopause: Implications for health care policy
Authors: Smail Linda , Jassim Ghufran A , Al-Shboul Qasim M , Hattawi Afaaf Saeed
Published: June 2019

Objectives

To investigate the attitudes of Emirati women aged 30–64 years towards menopause and determine the relationships between these attitudes and their sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics.

Study design

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 497 Emirati women attending five primary health care centres in Dubai using a multistage stratified and clustered random sampling technique. Emirati women were interviewed face-to-face via a structured questionnaire with two parts: sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics and the attitudes towards menopause scale.

Results

The mean ± S.D. of age was 42.06 years ± 8.716 (median 40 years). Mean age at menopause for the study sample (N = 436) was 49.94 years ± 4.593 (median 50 years). Of the respondents, 36.6% had completed high school, and 41.4% had graduated from university. Approximately, 70.8% of the women were premenopausal, 13.1% were perimenopausal and 16.1% were postmenopausal. Sixty-four percent of the respondents had never used oral contraceptive pills, while 32.9% were past users; 44.6% were employed outside the home. Mean average attitudes score ± S.D. was 2.42 ± 0.26 (minimum score of 1 indicates very negative attitudes, maximum score of 4 indicates very positive attitudes). Statistically significant differences in mean average attitudes score were noted for employment and menopausal status, and mean average attitudes score was positively correlated with age. Premenopausal women held more positive attitudes towards menopause than peri- and postmenopausal women.

Conclusions

Emirati women displayed neutral to positive attitudes towards menopause and premenopausal women exhibited more negative attitudes towards menopause than postmenopausal women.
Class Related Consumption and the Ability to Resist Commercial Temptations in the Age of Commercialism
Authors: Berg Lisbet
Published: June 2019

This article investigates vulnerabilities related to commercial pressure and asks whether the ability to resist commercial temptations is class related. Four hypotheses are developed and tested in a nationally representative web survey among 1,707 respondents living in Norway. We found no differences in the ability to resist temptations between working-class and middle-class people, but the analysis gave some support to the conspicuous consumption hypothesis: Consumers from the upper middle class, with high purchasing power, reported to be the least able—or willing—to resist commercial temptations. Lacking ability to resist commercial temptations is an important vulnerability driver. Members of the upper middle class can normally afford their conspicuous consumption and can hardly be characterized as vulnerable. Members of the working class, however, are more vulnerable as measured by the tendency to buy things one cannot afford, even though they are better prepared to resist commercial temptations. The reason working class people are more likely to buy things they cannot afford is best explained by unequal class related distributions of financial opportunities, rather than by class in itself. Overall, the analysis demonstrates that self-reported class affiliation is a relevant approach for the study of social inequalities.
Research Inefficiency in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Findings of a Systematic Review on Research Activity Over the Past 20 Years
Authors: Mowforth Oliver D. , Davies Benjamin M. , Goh Samuel , O’Neill Cormac P. , Kotter Mark R. N.
Published: June 2019

Study Design:

Scoping review.

Objective:

To describe activity, themes and trends in degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) research over the past 20 years with a view to considering DCM research inefficiency.

Methods:

A systematic review of MEDLINE and Embase for “Cervical” AND ”Myelopathy” was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Full-text papers in English, exclusively studying DCM, published between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2015 were considered eligible. Country of origin, number of papers published, number of patients studied, research theme, and year of publication were assessed. Comparison was made between developed and developing countries.

Results:

A total of 1485 papers and 4 117 051 patients were included. Japan published more papers (450) than any other country while the United States studied the greatest number of patients (3 674 737). Over 99.4% of papers and 78.6% of patients were from developed countries. The number of papers ( r = 0.96, P < .001) and patients ( r = 0.83 P < .001) studied each year increased significantly overall and for both developed ( r = 0.93, P < .001; r = 0.81, P < .001) and developing countries ( r = 0.90, P < .001; r = 0.87, P < .001). Surgery was the most prevalent theme (58.3% papers; 55.7% patients) for developed and developing countries. Research from developing countries showed greater thematic variability.

Conclusions:

DCM research activity is increasing internationally, with surgery remaining the focus. Research output has predominantly been from developed countries; however, the rate of growth for developed and developing countries is comparable.
Spontaneous resolution of a solitary osteochondroma of humerus following trauma: A case report with a review of literature
Authors: Divesh Jalan , Lee Lam Ying , Joyce Wong , Raymond Yau Ching Hin
Published: June 2019

Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumor; however, the natural history of the lesion is still poorly understood. Symptomatic osteochondromas are treated with excision, but more often the indications are mainly cosmetic or fear of malignant transformation. There are few reports of spontaneous regression of solitary osteochondroma suggesting several theories causing their regression. We present one such case of a solitary osteochondroma of the humerus in an adolescent male, where a traumatic event resulted in the spontaneous resolution of the lesion.

Level of evidence: V
How Rhythmic Skills Relate and Develop in School-Age Children
Authors: Bonacina Silvia , Krizman Jennifer , White-Schwoch Travis , Nicol Trent , Kraus Nina
Published: June 2019

Rhythmic expertise can be considered a multidimensional skill set, with clusters of distinct rhythmic abilities evident in young adults. In this article, we explore relationships in school-age children (ages 5-8 years) among 4 rhythmic tasks hypothesized to reflect different clusters of skills, namely, drumming to an isochronous beat, remembering rhythmic patterns, drumming to the beat in music, and clapping in time with feedback. We find that drumming to an isochronous beat and remembering rhythmic patterns are not related. In addition, clapping in time with feedback correlates with performance on the other 3 rhythm tasks. This study contributes to the taxonomy of rhythmic skills in school-age children. It also supports the use of clapping in time training as a way to possibly affect a broad spectrum of rhythmic abilities that are linked to language and literacy processes.
Lateral Ankle Sprain and Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Sarcon Aida K. , Heyrani Nasser , Giza Eric , Kreulen Christopher
Published: June 2019

A select 10-30% of patients with recurrent lateral ankle sprains develop chronic ankle instability (CAI). Patients with chronic ankle instability describe a history of the ankle “giving way” with or without pathological laxity on examination. Evaluation includes history, identification of predisposing risk factors for recurrent sprains, and the combination of clinical tests (eg, laxity tests) with imaging to establish the diagnosis. There are a variety of nonoperative strategies to address chronic ankle instability, which include rehabilitation and taping or bracing to prevent future sprains. Patients who fail conservative treatment are candidates for surgery. The anatomic approaches (eg, modified Broström) are preferred to nonanatomic procedures since they recreate the ankle’s biomechanics and natural course of the attenuated ligaments. There is a growing interest in minimally invasive procedures via ankle arthroscopy that also address the associated intra-articular disorders. This article provides a review of chronic lateral ankle instability consisting of relevant anatomy, associated disorders, evaluation, treatment methods, and complications.

Level of Evidence:

Level V, expert opinion.
The potential impact of a “curative intervention” for HIV: a modelling study
Authors: Beacroft Leo , Hallett Timothy B.
Published: June 2019

Background

Efforts to develop an HIV “cure” (i.e., an intervention leading to durable ART-free remission or eradication of HIV infection) have become better resourced and coordinated in recent years. Given, however, the availability of other interventions for prevention and treatment of HIV disease, it is unclear whether, to what extent, and under which circumstances a curative intervention would have an impact in ending the AIDS epidemic and which characteristics of its implementation would be most important. We designed a range of analyses to investigate these unknowns.

Methods

We used a deterministic, compartmental model of HIV infection in South Africa to estimate the impact of a curative intervention. We first examined how its impact would be affected by the state of the epidemic at the time that it is introduced, by the timing and pace of scale-up, and by various targeting strategies. We then investigated the impact of a curative intervention relative to its ability to maintain viral suppression.

Findings

To the extent that other interventions have failed to control the epidemic, i.e., if incidence and AIDS deaths remain high, a curative intervention would result in a larger reduction in incidence. Earlier and faster scale-up allows for greater impact. We also found that a curative intervention would more efficiently reduce transmission if it is prioritised to those not able to obtain or remain on ART and to those aged 15–25 rather than older persons. On the other hand, an intervention that does not maintain viral suppression if the individual is exposed to re-infection could lead to an increase in HIV incidence.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that a curative intervention for HIV would have the greatest impact if the epidemic is not under control by 2030, particularly if the intervention is targeted to those who are more likely to transmit virus, and if it maintained durable viral suppression, even upon exposure to re-infection. These considerations underscore the need to carefully consider the “target product profiles” for an HIV cure in the context of how and where it would be used, and suggest that such profiles may require revision as the epidemic evolves in the coming years.
FWI evolution — From a monolith to a toolkit
Authors: Brittan John , Jones Ian
Published: June 2019

Significant increases in computer power mean it is now possible to routinely apply full-waveform inversion (FWI) techniques to, in principle, produce high-resolution images of subsurface properties. The result delivered by FWI has a different value depending on the geologic situation. In some areas, the FWI-derived earth model may produce a significant uplift in structural image quality relative to that from ray-based tomographic model-building techniques. In other areas, the uplift in structural image quality with FWI may be slight. In these situations, the value from the high-resolution FWI earth model may be obtained during the application of this model in a reservoir characterization workflow. To extract the optimum high-resolution earth model using FWI, in all geologic situations, requires the application of one or more variants on the basic FWI technique — allowing the method to work on both refractions and reflections, with a poor starting model, and in areas with boundaries with high velocity contrasts. This is analogous to many of the other tasks undertaken when processing and imaging seismic data (e.g., demultiple, denoise, and migration) where a single methodology is not adequate to produce the optimum result on all data sets.
Suprasalt model building using full-waveform inversion
Authors: Tiwari Dhananjay , Mao Jian , Sheng James
Published: June 2019

The application of full-waveform inversion (FWI) to bring high resolution to the velocity model is becoming a standard approach in the velocity model-building workflow. Diving wave FWI in conjunction with reflection FWI (RFWI) has been widely used in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) to optimize the suprasalt model. Accuracy of a velocity model from tomography is dependent on residual moveout (RMO) picking accuracy. In a good signal-to-noise ratio area, the confidence of RMO picking is high. But gathers in areas affected by gas exhibit poor event continuity, which makes it difficult to get accurate RMO picks. In such a geologic regime, FWI can improve the velocity model and therefore the final image quality. There are two main components of a velocity model from the GOM area: the first is the sediment, and the second is salt geometry. In the beginning of the model-building cycle, it is most likely that salt geometry is not accurately defined. This inaccuracy leads to a big mismatch between synthetic and observed data for both diving wave FWI and RFWI. One way to handle this situation is to start with the salt model and iteratively adjust the salt interpretation as FWI model building progresses from lower to higher frequencies. Another approach could be eliminating the salt-related energy from the input and then using the sediment-only model for FWI. We are proposing a desalt approach in which we try to eliminate or reduce the salt-related energy from the input data and then use a sediment-only velocity model as a starting model for the entire suprasalt FWI workflow. We will present a case study in which, by adapting the desalt workflow, we could manage to do more FWI iterations by eliminating salt interpretation.
Reviews
Authors: Avakian Bob , Taylor Patrick
Published: June 2019

Introduction to Petroleum Seismology, second edition, by Luc Ikelle and Lasse Amundsen, ISBN 978-1-560-80343-0, 2018, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1404 p.
Seismic Soundoff
Authors: Geary Andrew
Published: June 2019

The following is an excerpt from SEG's Seismic Soundoff podcast. The episode features Priyank Jaiswal discussing the potential threats to infrastructure from low-level earthquakes, how citizens and public officials can monitor and address the impact, and how geophysicists can contribute to the safety of infrastructure. Listen to the full episode at https://seg.org/podcast/post/6630/ .
Evaluating the physiological significance of hypoxic hyperventilation in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Pan Yihang K. , Mandic Milica , Zimmer Alex M. , Perry Steve F.
Published: June 2019

In water-breathing fishes, the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) represents an increase in water flow over the gills during exposure to lowered ambient O2 levels. The HVR is a critical defense mechanism that serves to delay the negative consequences of hypoxia on aerobic respiration. However, the physiological significance of the HVR in larval fishes is unclear as they do not have a fully developed gill and rely primarily on cutaneous gas transfer. Using larval zebrafish (4, 7, 10, and 15 days post fertilization; dpf), we examined their HVR under three levels of hypoxia (25, 45 and 60 mmHg). The larvae exhibited widely different HVRs as a function of developmental age and level of the hypoxia. Yet, critical O2 tensions (Pcrit) remained constant (30 - 34 mmHg) over the same period of development. Micro-optrode O2 sensors were used to measure a significant decrease in buccal cavity water O2 tensions in 4 and 7 dpf larvae compared to the water they inspired, demonstrating significant extraction of O2 from the buccal cavity. To assess the physiological significance of the HVR, ventilatory water flow was prevented in larvae at 4 and 7 dpf by embedding their heads in agar. An increase in Pcrit was observed in 7 but not 4 dpf larvae, suggesting that buccal ventilation is important for O2 extraction by 7 dpf. Combined, these data indicate that branchial/buccal gas transfer plays a significant role in O2 uptake during hypoxia, and supports a physiological benefit of the HVR in early life stages of zebrafish.
A Branch-and-Cut Algorithm for the Alternative Fuel Refueling Station Location Problem with Routing
Authors: Arslan Okan , Karaşan Oya Ekin , Mahjoub A. Ridha , Yaman Hande
Published: June 2019

Because of the limited range of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) and the sparsity of the available alternative refueling stations (AFSs), AFV drivers cooperatively deviate from their paths to refuel. This deviation is bounded by the drivers’ tolerance. Taking this behavior into account, the refueling station location problem with routing (RSLP-R) is defined as maximizing the AFV flow that can be accommodated in a road network by locating a given number of AFSs while respecting the range limitation of the vehicles and the deviation tolerance of the drivers. In this study, we develop a natural model for the RSLP-R based on the notion of length-bounded cuts, analyze the polyhedral properties of this model, and develop a branch-and-cut algorithm as an exact solution approach. Extensive computational experiments show that the algorithm significantly improves the solution times with respect to previously developed exact solution methods and extends the size of the instances solved to optimality. Using our methodology, we investigate the tradeoffs between covered vehicle flow and deviation tolerance of the drivers and present insights on deviation characteristics of drivers in a case study in California.
A vivência da corporeidade por pessoas com deficiência visual por meio da Biodanza
Authors: Schmidek Helena Cristina Medeiros Vieira , Schmidek Werner Robert , Pedrão Luiz Jorge
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: refletir sobre a vivência da corporeidade por pessoas portadoras de deficiência visual. Conteúdo: são poucas as oportunidades oferecidas às pessoas portadoras de deficiência visual de experimentar o seu corpo em movimento, experienciar sua corporeidade, num mundo onde a conexão com o corpo está cada vez mais se distanciando no dia-a-dia. O método utilizado é trazido, principalmente, por Rolando Toro Araneda, no tocante à importância de ambientes pedagógicos, como a Biodanza, para que a vivência da corporeidade seja resgatada. Conclusão: este processo reflexivo permitiu considerar, que a prática da Biodanza pelas pessoas em questão, contribui no resgate da sua corporeidade, por possibilitar a ampliação de seus repertórios motores através da dança e de um reaprendizado emocional através da vivência. Oferece contribuição à enfermagem, uma vez que amplia o leque de possibilidades para a expansão do olhar empático do enfermeiro para essas questões, em sua prática profissional.
Managing patients' diagnoses with gout in primary care settings
Authors: Perry Margaret
Published: June 2019

Margaret Perry looks at the causes of and treatments for this painful condition
Word and number puzzles linked to higher cognitive function
Authors: Palmer Sarah
Published: June 2019

Cognitive stimulation is often advised to delay or slow down dementia. An ongoing study is now trying to establish a clear link between doing puzzles and better cognitive function. Sarah Palmer sets out the objectives and results of the study.
Moving into a care home: the pre-admission process
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: June 2019

A personalised care plan is key to delivering good care to residents; therefore, care staff should be trained to carry out care assessments and draw up care plans. This month, Adrian Ashurst underlines the importance of the care needs assessment.
Population assessment and species distribution modeling of Paris polyphylla in Sikkim Himalaya, India
Authors: LEPCHA DAWA LHENDUP , PRADHAN ADITYA , CHHETRI DHANI RAJ
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Lepcha DL, Pradhan A, Chhetri DJ. 2019. Population assessment and species distribution modeling of Paris polyphylla in Sikkim Himalaya, India. Biodiversitas 20: 1299-1305.  Paris polyphylla Smith is an important therapeutic plant that grows in the Indian Himalayan region. In Sikkim, the survival of the species is threatened by illegal extraction of its rhizome. Therefore, immediate conservation initiative is required to conserve the existing species population in the wild. Population assessment through field survey followed by ENM revealed a positive correlation between predicted suitable habitats with the actual sites of its occurrence, except in disturbed habitats. Precipitation of driest month (Bio14) and slope were the most influential factors that contributed 41.9 % and 30 % respectively to the MaxEnt model. Field survey revealed that the density of the plants varied between 0.45 (pl/m2) and 3.89 (pl/m2) and the frequency varied from 36% to 76%. The IVI for P. polyphylla ranged between 2.68 to 8.66 based on locations. On the other hand, the IVI of associated species varied from 3.57 to 18.14 based on species. P. polyphylla is a vulnerable plant in Sikkim Himalaya and it is facing an imminent threat of extinction. Under this situation, it is imperative that works on predictive modeling will help conserve the species. This study identified the potential habitats for P. polyphylla in the higher elevations of Sikkim Himalaya where it could be reintroduced.
Short Communication: Community structure of prawns (Decapoda: Penaeidae and Palaemonidae) in mangrove inlets of Kuala Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: FAISAL TEUKU M , AKBAR HELMY , PUTRININGTIAS ANDIKA , PUTRA SINGGIH AFIFA
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Faisal TM, Akbar H, Putriningtias A, Putra SA. 2019. Short Communication: Community structure of prawns (Decapoda: Penaeidae and Palaemonidae) in mangrove inlets of Kuala Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1306-1311. The aim of this research is to describe the structure of prawn community that found at mangrove inlets of Kuala Langsa (Aceh, Indonesia). The survey was done in August 2018. Sampling sites were defined as arbitrarily. Scope netting (mesh size 1 cm and diameter 100 cm) was used to sample the prawn community. Samples were analyzed and stored at The Primary Laboratory of Universitas Samudra, Kota Langsa, Aceh. Five species of prawns from two families (i.e., Decapoda: Penaeidae and Palaemonidae) were found, i.e., Penaeus monodon, Penaeus indicus, Metapenaeus monoceros, Penaeus vannamei, Palaemon sp. The most dominance species found is M. monoceros, and the most infrequently species found is Palaemon sp. Prawn community between sampling sites are found in a high level of similarity, with medium diversity and evenness index, and no dominance indicated.
Correlation among Snpb11 markers, root growth, and physiological characters of upland rice under aluminum stress
Authors: FENDIYANTO MIFTAHUL HUDA , SATRIO RIZKY DWI , SUHARSONO SUHARSONO , TJAHJOLEKSONO ARIS , MIFTAHUDIN M
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Fendiyanto MH, Satrio RD, Suharsono, Tjahjoleksono A, Miftahudin. 2019. Correlation among Snpb11 markers, root growth, and physiological characters of upland rice under aluminum stress. Biodiversitas 20: 1243-1254. The cultivation of upland rice in acid soils faces aluminum (Al) toxicity. Development of Al-tolerant rice could be one of the solutions to overcome the problem. Marker-assisted breeding to develop Al-tolerant rice requires at least a molecular marker for foreground selection. Snpb11 is a molecular marker developed from the nucleotide differences in a specific allele between Al-tolerant and sensitive rice. Snpb11 has never been used as a molecular marker in rice. Therefore this study aimed to examine the correlation among Snpb11 marker, root growth, and physiological characters under Al stress in upland rice. We used physiological characters and the Snpb11 marker to justify the Al tolerance level in several upland rice varieties. We found that physiological characters, i.e.: primary root length, total root length, chlorophyll, and carotenoid content showed positive correlation to Snpb11. Conversely, root malondialdehyde content, which represents the level of lipid peroxidation showed a negative correlation to Snpb11. There is evidence that the Snpb11 highly correlated with primary and total root length characters, which are the Al tolerance parameters used in rice. Therefore, Snpb11 markers can be used to distinguish the Al tolerance level in upland rice.