bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression profile of mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6) in ovarian mucinous tumours: changes in expression from benign to malignant tumours
Authors: Wang Jayson , El‐Bahrawy Mona
Published: October 2014

Aims

Mucins (MUCs) constitute a family of glycoproteins expressed by epithelial cells. They show specific tissue‐type expression, and are useful for differentiating between different cancers. Studies have shown changes in MUC expression with tumour progression in a variety of cancers. The aim of this study was to characterize the profile of MUC expression in benign, borderline and malignant intestinal‐type ovarian mucinous tumours (OMTs).

Methods and results

MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in 53 OMTs (19 malignant, 25 borderline, and nine benign). The positivity frequencies of MUC1 in benign, borderline and malignant OMTs were 22.2%, 12%, and 31.6%, respectively. For MUC2, they were 0%, 40%, and 42.1%, respectively. For MUC5AC, they were 100%, 100%, and 94.8%, respectively. For MUC6, they were 66.7%, 16%, and 26.3%, respectively. Significantly increased MUC2 expression and decreased MUC6 expression were seen in borderline and malignant OMTs, as compared with benign tumours.

Conclusion

This is the first study to compare the expression of all four MUCs in OMT with statistical analysis. We show that MUC2 expression and MUC6 expression change with the progression of benign to borderline and malignant tumours. We suggest that these changes may contribute to malignant transformation.
The Impact of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 on Theft and the Custody Threshold
Authors: Betts Gary
Published: October 2014

The article explores the likely impact of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 on the decision to imprison adult offenders convicted of theft. Using a sample of cases decided in the magistrates' court and the Crown Court under the Criminal Justice Act 1991, the article considers whether it is possible to estimate the effects of the 2003 Act on the use of imprisonment in theft cases. It does so by applying the Sentencing Guidelines Council's guidelines on theft, which were formulated under the 2003 Act, to the sample of earlier cases, to consider the extent to which the guidelines align with the decision to imprison prior to the enactment of the 2003 Act.
Analysing the movement of a hair swatch using video and image analysis: A promising technique for exploring the dynamic properties of hair
Authors: Galliano A. , Lheur M. , Santoprete R.
Published: October 2014

Synopsis

Objective

The aim of this paper is to present a new instrumental evaluation method of hair movement in order to propose new criteria in the performances of hair products. The in vitro evaluation of hair swatches movement allows us to better understand the phenomena that appear when various hair care and styling technologies are applied upon the mechanisms of hair movements.

Methods

The method consists of a video acquisition system with fast cameras (100 frames/second). The swatch is placed on a motor drive and moved with a back and forth movement. The frequency and amplitude are set by the operator. Facing each camera, a backlight provides high contrast to capture all the fibres of the swatch. A software was specifically developed to analyse the video recordings and provide the physical parameters that characterize the movement. Accordingly, it is possible to follow the surface and shape of the swatch during movement from the ‘skeleton’ of the swatch and to study the contraction and expansion phases of the swatch(es) during the movement together with ‘the envelope’ of the swatch.

Results

Results show that applying various hair treatments modifies the behaviour of the swatch through the hair shapes contraction or expansion induced by the oscillating movement. Expansion of the swatch suggests that the interactions between hair fibres (adhesions or frictions) play an important role, leading to an ‘individualization’ of hair swatch (more ‘space’ between fibres) or to a ‘wider’ movement related to the increase of the total surface developed by the swatch. As an example, the application of a highly conditioning formula on a hair swatch largely decreases its expansion by a two‐fold factor during movements and increases the horizontal amplitude by a two‐fold factor, as compared to a commercial bland shampoo.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this method is complementary to the ones used generally to characterize global visual perceptions (colour, styling, shine). This dynamic component not only opens doors to new qualitative evaluations, linked with sensorial experts and consumers perceptions, but also to new quantitative parameters.
Duodji: A New Step for Art Education
Authors: Guttorm Gunvor
Published: October 2014

In this article, I intend briefly to present some views of how cultural expressions can be used as a basis of artistic education of an indigenous people in a particular area. In the past 30 years, indigenous peoples have demanded that their cultural expressions (and knowledge) be included in higher education; to achieve this, they have applied diverse strategies. This integration is, however, a complex process, as universities or institutions of higher education often have to follow national programmes and regulations concerning higher education. Nevertheless, many indigenous peoples have attempted, in their regions, to create art programmes for higher education, often as part of another art programme, or as an independent programme.

The case that I use in the presentation is based on my work at Sámi allaskuvla/the Sámi University College in Guovdageaidnu (Kautokeino) in the Sámi area of Norway. The main question here is: How and under what conditions is it possible to launch higher art education that has duodji as its foundation? A key question is what the significance of the overall discourse and praxis that has emerged and developed in indigenous societies is when it is transferred to higher education.
Self‐Reflexivity and the Creative Voice: Issues of Transgression Identified with Participant Ethnographic Research in Art and Design Education
Authors: Reardon Anita
Published: October 2014

This article shares my experience as a doctoral student researching within the domain of art and design education. This is a professional doctorate bringing together my experience as an educator and that of researcher where boundaries between education and social science research disciplines cross. My research paradigm is situated within critical theory. It is an interpretive hermeneutic study where I am cast as a participant ethnographer. At the time of writing I wanted to make known the issues and tensions that I encountered with research protocols, such as permissions mechanisms and ethical gatekeepers. These tensions I still perceive as confining, but more significantly, I realise that knowing and understanding research methodology is key to achieving creative and unpredictable research practice. This article is, therefore, focused on my journey to discover a research methodology that enables me to use a creative voice. By this I mean a method by which I can develop a writing style that articulates my practice that enables me in the construction and reporting of my research analysis to fully capitalise on my reflexive self. I have referenced papers produced by others at the time of writing their doctoral thesis and have found this enlightening. This is my contribution.
Why Throw the Negs Out with the Bathwater? A Study of Students' Attitudes to Digital and Film Photographic Media
Authors: Macdonald Iain
Published: October 2014

As today's digital applications hold our gaze and become increasingly ubiquitous, it is easy to dismiss the previous technologies and processes that provided yesterday's creative opportunities. Photography has been revolutionised by digital capture and transmission in the past decade. It could be argued that there is a digital orthodoxy in education, which has democratized and engaged increasing numbers of students, and has had a particular influence in A Level Photography. Over the past decade many traditional darkrooms have been replaced by computer suites. My concern is that if secondary schools and colleges with the facilities to teach film are forced to convert to a singular digital mode, we may be throwing the negs out with the bathwater.

This study uses qualitative and quantitative research that I have undertaken at a Further Education college in England. It explores students' attitudes to learning Photography with an artistic curiosity, which includes experiential learners, and those that eschew the digital age who are content with the organic variety of analogue learning that film offers. They make their own case for maintaining the opportunity to learn through hybrid activity that embraces both media, for a multiplicity of learning opportunities and media that are not limited by any orthodoxy, digital or otherwise.
Fostering Creativity: A Multiple Intelligences Approach to Designing Learning in Undergraduate Fine Art
Authors: Clarke Angela , Cripps Peter
Published: October 2014

Curriculum and pedagogy in undergraduate fine art can promote an approach to learning creativity that is more about being an artist than knowing about art. Lecturers can provide a road map for developing particular dispositions, in relation to student ideas and perceptions, to foster personalised creativity. This requires that lecturers have an ability to harness the range of learning approaches and interests that students bring to their studio learning environments. One way of doing this is to construct learning activities in ways that engage students' multiple intelligences so they may acquire deeper understandings of their own creative processes. Fostering this kind of creative think tank is artistry of an educational kind. In this article we explore such a creative think tank by examining a particular lecturer's pedagogical approach. We discuss how and why this lecturer designs activities in a way that draws on multiple intelligences to stimulate learning and foster creativity. Using narratives, we analyse this particular curriculum through the lens of multiple intelligence theory and explore how the pedagogical approach develops the whole person. We found that by attending to relationships and focusing on a plurality of intellect this particular curriculum and pedagogy promotes transformative learning in students studying fine art.
Interdisciplinary Research: Practising the In‐Between
Authors: Wall Gina
Published: October 2014

This article will demonstrate that practice‐led photographic research offers an example of dialogical encounter. Through recourse to an outline of my own practice and the experience of completing a practice‐led doctoral thesis, the article will account for photographic practice and interdisciplinary research in terms of dialogism. This will demonstrate that visual research is a productive nexus: it does not simply concern itself with the products of creative practice, but is a generative space itself. The article will also discuss interdisciplinarity from a personal perspective on practice‐led research, which, over time, has developed into an interdisciplinary mode of working. The radical notion of the dialogical self will be considered with specific reference to interdisciplinarity and practice‐led research. The dialogical encounter will also be considered in relation to transformative learning encounters and what is at play in learning through practice, an encounter which places its protagonists at risk. However, far from being a negative state of affairs, this interstitial space in which the researcher/learner/teacher is lost and found is in fact a highly productive place in which to be.
Investigating Cognitive Processes within a Practical Art Context: A Phenomenological Case Study Focusing on Three Adolescents
Authors: Hickman Richard , Kiss Lauren
Published: October 2014

A phenomenological approach was employed in order to record and present the lived experiences of three students during a five‐hour art‐making activity. Theoretical definitions of cognitive processes pertinent to art and design were compared with the descriptions gathered from the students. The research was intended to portray as accurately as possible individuals' experiences in order to ascertain whether there is a possibility for soundly ascribing cognitive functions to art‐making processes. The descriptions of students' thought processes reveal the ways with which the selected students approach learning and also offer insights into the possible links between cognition and artmaking. The findings of the study suggest that intuitive and perceptive processes are utilised by the chosen participants in a variety of ways. The consideration of the ordering of visual elements is a process that all participants describe within their art making. The students' visual judgements appear to be a direct response to the art‐work being made.
Hands On, Hearts On, Minds On: Design Thinking within an Education Context
Authors: Cassim Fatima
Published: October 2014

Today the changing nature of design practice and the role of design within a widening domain indicate that the survival of design as a profession may depend less on traditional design education and more on responding strategically to contemporary changes, influenced by ethical and environmental issues as well as technological advancements. As a result, one of the challenges facing contemporary design educators today is how to prepare and educate design students in light of the expanding and shifting definitions of the profession as well as changes in social responsibilities. To this end, the article explores the nature of the design process by presenting a model of designing. Following from this, the inherent characteristics of design thinking are identified before discussing the application of design thinking within an education context. Reference is made to the lil'green box, a social innovation project by a final year Information Design student from the University of Pretoria. The scope of the article is limited and therefore only a single case study is presented. Nonetheless, the main argument that emerges from the case study is that in order to advance design research, focus must be placed on the design (problem solving) methodologies that are taught and subsequently employed by students as part of their design training.
The Evolution of Art and Design Pedagogies in England: Influences of the Past, Challenges for the Future
Authors: Souleles Nicos
Published: October 2014

This article traces the historical evolution of instructional methods in art and design education in Britain to identify the influences that inform current practices and compare the latter against recent debates on what are design education and designer in the context of the global economy and the widespread use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). This evolution starts in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries with the master–apprentice model of learning on a one‐to‐one basis. Examination‐dominated teaching and didactic approaches prevailed up to the early twentieth century. In the latter part of the twentieth century, the entrance of art and design education into academia ushered gradual changes to pedagogy. The call for change has become more prominent in the context of the global knowledge economy.
DNA as a Work of Art: Processes of Semiosis between Contemporary Art and Biology
Authors: Fulková Marie , Tipton Teresa M.
Published: October 2014

When A Genomic Portrait – Sir John Sulston by Mark Quinn appeared in the London National Portrait Gallery's exhibition in 2001/2, the ensuing public controversy over its portrayal raised a number of questions about the representation of a publicly known figure. Because the portrait was the Gallery's first contemporary commission using specialised, scientific procedures in its creation, a number of issues arose surrounding its authenticity. How questions of authenticity are answered depends upon how the viewer reads aspects of scientific coding as it functions within the artistic domain. This is a form of visual literacy that depends on the viewer's ability to lift the veil that operates between coding systems and the context of their use. Literacy in this case is built upon the relationship between visual interpretation and ascribed systems of meaning within the context of their recontextualisations. By playing with the intersections between artistic and scientific discourses, the authors investigate how the representation of identity functions as a polysemy across different semiotic domains. Using visual semiotics to examine the intersections between sign systems across these domains, some of the communication aspects of how new modes of art function in present‐day communities are provoked. By illustrating the complexity of this process as a part of transforming expert knowing into pedagogical practice, support is given for improving teacher education in the arts and cultural domain.
Current Approaches to the Assessment of Graphic Design in a Higher Education Context
Authors: Giloi Susan , du Toit Pieter
Published: October 2014

This article provides an overview of the current trends in assessment practice within the field of graphic design. The demands placed on educators to apply sound assessment practice for Higher Education subjects is as intense in the field of graphic design as in any other. Forcing the assessment of creative visual work into existing assessment methodologies is incongruous and is often, for good reason, met with resistance from lecturers in this field. Practical art and design modules tend to fall outside of the recognised assessment methodologies as the type of skills and thinking that students must evidence are difficult to define. Lecturers, in order to encourage creativity, prefer to leave learning outcomes open ended in order to accommodate the unexpected and unique solutions that students are encouraged to achieve. This and the atypical assessment approaches taken in design subjects make justifying assessment practice to the various role players challenging. In this article current trends that make assessment more transparent, encourage deep learning and give the opportunity to assess not only the final artefact, but the creative process and the development of the student as a design practitioner, are identified. These approaches can provide lecturers with the basis for building sound assessment structures and empower them to clearly justify their assessment practice.
Life domain preferences among women and men in Israel: The effects of socio‐economic variables
Authors: SHARABI Moshe
Published: October 2014

Based on the findings of the 2006 “Meaning of Work” survey, this article examines the relative “life domain centrality” of work, family, leisure, community and religion across a representative sample of the Israeli labour force comprising 463 men and 446 women. While confirming that family centrality remained stronger among women than men, male and female respondents ranked work equally high, marking a departure from women's traditionally weaker preference for this life domain. Regression analysis identifies socio‐economic factors that partially explain the attitudinal differences between men and women. Overall, the results suggest a growing risk of work–family conflict among Israeli women.
Prophylactic dressing to minimize sacral pressure injuries in high‐risk hospitalized patients: a pilot study
Authors: Walker Rachel , Aitken Leanne M. , Huxley Leisa , Juttner Melanie
Published: October 2014

Aim

In this paper, we describe a trial protocol used to assess feasibility related to: study administration (recruitment, randomization, retention, compliance, eligibility criteria, suitability of protocol instructions and data collection questionnaires); resource and data management (suitability of site, time and budget allocation, management of personnel and data); intervention fidelity (treatment dose, violations); and effect size.

Background

Pressure injury can lead to increases in hospital length of stay and cost. The sacrum is identified as one of the most common anatomical pressure injury sites for hospitalized patients. Silicone foam border dressings have been proposed as one strategy to reduce pressure injury incidence; however, rigorous testing of benefit in a general medical‐surgical population is required.

Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Methods

Eighty patients will be recruited after assessment of high risk of pressure injury in a large tertiary hospital in south‐east Queensland, Australia. Eligible, consenting participants will be randomly allocated to either a control group (routine care) or an intervention group (routine care and a sacral prophylactic dressing). The primary outcomes comprise feasibility criteria as identified above. The secondary measure is the presence and severity of sacral pressure injury via blind assessment of digital photographs. Research ethics approval was received in October 2013.

Discussion

Prophylactic dressings applied to the sacrum may be an effective method for reducing pressure injury in high‐risk general medical‐surgical patients. However, more rigorous studies to confirm benefit are required. This pilot study will determine the feasibility and effect size to inform a larger randomized controlled trial.
Relationship management strategies for daughters in conflicted relationships with their ageing mothers
Authors: Pickering Carolyn E.Z. , Moon Ailee , Pieters Huibrie C. , Mentes Janet C. , Phillips Linda R.
Published: October 2014

Aims

To study relationship management strategies of daughters in conflicted relationships with their mothers and how they promoted or prevented elder abuse.

Background

Daughters have enduring, unique relationships with their mothers that often carry over into caregiving. Pre‐caregiving relationship quality is related to many caregiving outcomes, although it is unclear how.

Design

Qualitative study.

Methods

Grounded theory design, informed by feminism, with telephone interviews conducted between January 2013–July 2013. The sample (N = 13) was recruited through an online recruitment strategy, with advertisements posted on relevant websites asking ‘Are you in an abusive relationship with your ageing mother?’

Results/findings

Daughters used coping strategies and self‐protective strategies aimed at decreasing their exposure to aggression and emotional distress when interacting with their ageing mothers. Daughters also used spiteful aggression out of the desire for revenge.

Conclusion

Although the daughters' strategies served their personal needs, they jeopardized the mothers' needs by creating an environment where neglect could occur. Daughters also readily and intentionally used aggression against their mothers. These were strategies daughters have found useful. These strategies may be potential areas for designing interventions to promote healthy family relationships and decrease the occurrence of elder abuse and neglect.
Insulation Failure and Externalized Conductor of a Single‐Coil Kentrox Lead: An Ongoing Story?
Authors: BOGOSSIAN HARILAOS , MIJIC DEJAN , FROMMEYER GERRIT , WINTER JOACHIM
Published: October 2014

Externalized Conductor of a Single‐Coil Kentrox Lead

Conductor externalization is a frequent complication with the St. Jude Medical Riata lead. Single case reports also reported externalization of conductors for dual‐coil Biotronik leads. Up to now, conductor externalization has not yet been reported for any single coil leads. We report for the first time an externalization of conductors in a Biotronik Kentrox single‐coil implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) lead.
The ecological benefits of larger colony size may promote polygyny in ants
Authors: Boulay R. , Arnan X. , Cerdá X. , Retana J.
Published: October 2014

How polygyny evolved in social insect societies is a long‐standing question. This phenomenon, which is functionally similar to communal breeding in vertebrates, occurs when several queens come together in the same nest to lay eggs that are raised by workers. As a consequence, polygyny drastically reduces genetic relatedness among nestmates. It has been suggested that the short‐term benefits procured by group living may outweigh the costs of sharing the same nesting site and thus contribute to organisms rearing unrelated individuals. However, tests of this hypothesis are still limited. To examine the evolutionary emergence of polygyny, we reviewed the literature to build a data set containing life‐history traits for 149 Palearctic ant species and combined this data set with a reconstructed phylogeny. We show that monogyny is the ancestral state and that polygyny has evolved secondarily and independently throughout the phylogenetic tree. The occurrence of polygyny is significantly correlated with larger colony size, dependent colony founding and ecological dominance. Although polydomy (when a colony simultaneously uses several connected nests) tends to occur more frequently in polygynous species, this trend is not significant when phylogenetic history is accounted for. Overall, our results indicate that polygyny may have evolved in ants in spite of the reduction in nestmate relatedness because large colony size provides immediate ecological advantages, such as the more efficient use of temporal food resources. We suggest that the competitive context of ant communities may have provided the conditions necessary for the evolution of polygyny in some clades.
On the effect of phenotypic dimensionality on adaptation and optimality
Authors: Brun‐Usan M. , Marin‐Riera M. , Salazar‐Ciudad I.
Published: October 2014

What proportion of the traits of individuals has been optimally shaped by natural selection and what has not? Here, we estimate the maximal number of those traits using a mathematical model for natural selection in multitrait organisms. The model represents the most ideal conditions for natural selection: a simple genotype–phenotype map and independent variation between traits. The model is also used to disentangle the influence of fitness functions and the number of traits, n, per se on the efficiency of natural selection. We also allow n to evolve. Our simulations show that, for all fitness functions and even in the best conditions optimal phenotypes are rarely encountered, only for n = 1, and that a large proportion of traits are always far from their optimum, specially for large n. This happens to different degrees depending on the fitness functions (additive linear, additive nonlinear, Gaussian and multiplicative). The traits that arise earlier in evolution account for a larger proportion of the absolute fitness of individuals. Thus, complex phenotypes have, in proportion, more traits that are far from optimal and the closeness to the optimum correlates with the age of the trait. Based on estimated population sizes, mutation rates and selection coefficients, we provide an upper estimation of the number of traits that can become and remain adapted by direct natural selection.
Identification of a novel cyprinid herpesvirus 3 genotype detected in koi from the East Asian and South‐East Asian Regions
Authors: Chen J , Chee D , Wang Y , Lim G Y , Chong S M , Lin Y N , Huangfu T
Published: October 2014

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) is a highly contagious virus that causes significant morbidity and mortality in common carp Cyprinus carpio L. and considered to be one of the most important pathogens of koi and common carp worldwide. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 infected consignments imported from East Asian and South‐East Asian regions were identified during quarantine period in Singapore, and virus from a 2005 consignment was successfully isolated in koi fin cells. A combination of sequence analyses and duplex PCR were used to characterize 15 CyHV‐3 isolates detected in koi consignments between 2005 and 2011. Sequence analyses of the enlarged 9/5, SphI‐5 and TK gene regions identified both the Asian 1 (n = 11) and European 4 (n = 4) genotypes. Duplex PCR analysis of two variable marker regions between ORF29 and ORF30 (marker I) as well as ORF133 and its upstream region (marker II) revealed viruses of genotypes J (I++II+), U/I (I−−II−), an intermediate genotype (I++II−) and a novel genotype, I++II+Δ, which was identified in viruses from seven different consignments. This novel genotype has a 13‐bp deletion in marker II, while maintaining the I++ allele of marker I. The I++II+Δ genotype may have emerged from East Asian and South‐East Asian regions in recent years.
Microbiological Quality of Domiati Cheese and the Influence of Probiotics on the Behavior of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Domiati Cheese
Authors: El‐Kholy A.M. , El‐Shinawy S.H. , Meshref A.M.S. , Korany A.M.
Published: October 2014

The objectives of this study were to assess the microbiological quality of domiati cheese and to evaluate the capacity of Lactobacillus acidophilus La‐5 and Bifidobacterium longum ATCC15707 to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 during manufacture and storage of domiati cheese. The results of the microbial investigation indicated poor microbiological quality of cheese samples, the microbiological parameters recorded higher values than admissible levels. Domiati cheese produced from milk artificially contaminated with S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7 was used as a model for studying the antibacterial activity of L. acidophilus La‐5 and B. longum ATCC15707 against these pathogens. The results obtained in this study indicated the remarkable effect of L. acidophilus La‐5 and B. longum ATCC15707 in preventing survival of S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7 during cheese storage. The inactivation rate was more pronounced with S. aureus than E. coli O157:H7 and it was dependent on probiotic strain. L. acidophilus inactivation was significantly higher (P value < 0.05) than that attained with B. longum. Survival of probiotic bacteria in domiati cheese was satisfactory.

Practical Applications

The microbial contamination of domiati cheese represents not only spoilage of the product but also constitutes a high risk to human health. The probiotic bacteria have the ability to improve the microbiological quality and safety of domiati cheese. Survival of both Lactobacillus acidophilus La‐5 and Bifidobacterium longum ATCC15707 in domiati cheese was satisfactory, which indicate that the domiati cheese would be a suitable vehicle for the delivery of probiotic bacteria.
“Then I Learned about Positive Thinking”: The Genre Structuring of Narratives of Self‐Transformation
Authors: Dunn Cynthia Dickel
Published: October 2014

This article brings together research on genre and the self to investigate personal narrative as a “technology of the self” (Foucault) in the context of a Japanese public speaking course. In theTokyo Speech Center, the goal of learning to give effective speeches is used as a method for transforming selves, culminating in narratives that position the speaker as someone who has made positive changes, whether in communication skills or interpersonal relationships. In narrating how they were changed by taking the course, speakers display an “enterprising self” (Rose), demonstrating agency, self‐management, and reflexivity.
On Dicentization
Authors: Ball Christopher
Published: October 2014

Diverse phenomena in sociocultural life are analyzed with recourse toPeirce's concept of the dicent interpretant. Attention to the semiotic role of the interpretant, itself a sign that articulates with connected signs in the generative process of semiosis, contributes to expanded understanding of ritual and attendant anthropological objects. I discuss how semiotic ideology makes possible, and makes real, a particular transformation of potentials of form expressed as likenesses into actual existents represented as contiguities. I develop an indexical treatment of such transformations that I label dicentization. Indexicality and iconicity have become central to linguistic anthropology and dicentization offers an account of how they work together beyond language in cultural semiosis. The article generalizes and applies the resulting explanatory model to a range of social phenomena described in the literature, including Aboriginal Australian iconography, Medieval Japanese asceticism, Homeric and Freudian psychologies of rage, and traps and primitivism in African and modern art. The analysis contributes to a semiotic realist conception of the continuity of representation and reality.
Mothers’ Goals for Adolescents in the United States and China: Content and Transmission
Authors: Qu Yang , Pomerantz Eva M. , Deng Ciping
Published: October 2014

This research examined children's socialization toward culturally valued goals during adolescence in the United States and China. Two hundred and twenty‐three mothers listed and ranked their five most important goals for their children (mean age = 12.85 years). Children ranked the importance of the goals listed by their mothers and explained why they were or were not important to them. American mothers placed heightened emphasis on their children maintaining feelings of worth and pursuing what they enjoy. Chinese mothers stressed their children achieving outcomes, as did African American mothers. European American children's rankings of importance were the least similar to those of their mothers, and they gave the fewest autonomous reasons for importance, suggesting that their adoption of mothers’ goals was weakest.
Family Influences on Mexican American Adolescents’ Romantic Relationships: Moderation by Gender and Culture
Authors: Tyrell Fanita A. , Wheeler Lorey A. , Gonzales Nancy A. , Dumka Larry , Millsap Roger
Published: October 2014

This study examined prospective associations between the family context and adolescents’ romantic relationships as moderated by adolescents’ gender and culture among Mexican American families (N = 189). Adolescents at Time 1 (early adolescence) were on average 12.29 years of age (SD = 0.50) and 54% female. Mothers and fathers reported on family structure and dynamics during early adolescence, and youth reported on their romantic relationship involvement and quality during middle and late adolescence. Results from path analyses indicated that family structure and dynamics (supportive parenting, consistent discipline, and parent–adolescent and interparental conflict) were associated with adolescents’ romantic involvement and quality, and with differences by adolescents’ gender and culture. Findings highlight Mexican American family contexts that contribute uniquely to adolescents’ romantic relationships.
Comparison of periodontal inflammatory conditions among habitual gutka chewers and betel quid chewers
Authors: Javed F , Vohra F , Al‐Kheraif AA , Malmstrom H , Romanos G‐E
Published: October 2014

Objective

The aim was to compare the periodontal inflammatory conditions among habitual gutka chewers and betel quid (BQ) chewers.

Material and Methods

Forty‐five gutka chewers, 45 BQ chewers and 50 non‐chewers (controls) were included. Demographic data regarding age, gender, duration, and frequency of gutka‐ and BQ‐chewing habits and gingival bleeding were collected using a questionnaire. Clinical periodontal parameters [plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (AL)] were recorded. Marginal bone loss (MBL) was measured on digital panoramic radiographs. Group differences in periodontal inflammatory parameters were tested using univariate and multivariable analyses (α < 5%).

Results

Periodontal inflammatory parameters [PI, BOP, PD (4–6 and >6 mm), clinical AL and MBL] were significantly high in gutka and BQ chewers than controls. There was no significant difference in periodontal inflammatory parameters among gutka and BQ chewers. The odds for gingival bleeding were six times and 13 times higher in gutka and BQ chewers, respectively, compared to controls. Comparison of gutka and BQ chewers did not significantly increase the odds of gingival bleeding.

Conclusion

Periodontal inflammatory conditions were comparable among habitual gutka and BQ chewers; which suggests that gutka chewers and BQ chewers are equally susceptible to periodontal disease.
Electroanatomical Mapping of the Right Atrium during Atrial Tachycardia Originating from Right Superior Pulmonary Vein: Additional Insights on Differential Diagnosis
Authors: LONG DE YONG , SALIM MOHAMED , DONG JIAN ZENG , SANG CAI HUA , JIANG CHEN XI , TANG RI BO , LI SONG NAN , YU RONG HUI , YAO YAN , NING MAN , SHENG CHANG
Published: October 2014

Background

Atrial tachycardia (AT) from the right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) may mimic right atrial (RA)‐AT due to its proximity to the superior vena cava (SVC) and the preferential connections between the left atrium and right atrium.

Objective

RA electroanatomical mapping was performed and analyzed during RSPV‐AT to differentiate it from RA‐AT.

Methods

Electroanatomical mapping of the RA was performed in 16 consecutive patients with RSPV‐AT and eight consecutive patients with SVC‐AT served as control group.

Results

RA mapping revealed single breakthrough in six patients and double breakthroughs in 10 patients in the RSPV‐AT group. The initial 10‐ms atrial depolarization area averaged 4.3 ± 1.5 cm2. None of the SVC‐ATs exhibited double breakthrough sites with an initial 10‐ms atrial depolarization area of 2.0 ± 0.6 cm2 (P = 0.001). A cutoff value of activation area of initial 10 ms > 3.15 cm2 was able to predict RSPV‐AT with a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 100%. Preceding far‐field RSPV potentials could be documented in the RA in six patients during RSPV‐AT.

Conclusions

During RSPV‐AT, diffused initial depolarization and one or two separated breakthrough sites consistent with the preferential connections as revealed by RA mapping could help rule out RA‐AT and avoid unnecessary ablation at the RA.
Paroxysmal non‐epileptic events in infants and toddlers: A phenomenologic analysis
Authors: Chen Li , Knight Elia M. Pestana , Tuxhorn Ingrid , Shahid Asim , Lüders Hans O.
Published: October 2014

Aim

The aim of this study was to analyze in detail the clinical phenomenology of paroxysmal non‐epileptic events (PNEE) in infants and toddlers.

Methods

We studied all children aged ≤2 years who were diagnosed with PNEE based on video‐electroencephalographic (VEEG) recordings. We analyzed the following four clinical domains of each clinical event: (i) motor manifestations (body/limb jerking, complex motor, and asymmetric limb posturing); (ii) oral/vocal (crying, vocalization, sighing); (iii) behavioral change (arrest of activity, staring); (iv) and autonomic (facial flushing, breath holding).

Results

Thirty‐one of 81 (38.3%) infants and toddlers had 38 PNEE recorded during the study period (12 girls and 19 boys, mean age 10.5 months). The predominant clinical features were as follows: motor in 26/38 events, oral/verbal in 14/38 events, behavioral in 11/38 events, and autonomic in 8/38 events. Epileptic seizures and PNEE coexisted in four children (12.9%). Seventeen children (54.8%) had one or more risk factors suggestive of epilepsy. Twelve children (38.7%) had a normal neurologic examination, 10 (32.3%) had developmental delay, and eight (25.8%) had a family history of epilepsy or seizures.

Conclusion

VEEG recorded PNEE in nearly 40% of 81 infants and toddlers referred for unclear paroxysmal events in our cohort. Non‐epileptic staring spells and benign sleep myoclonus were the most common events recorded, followed by shuddering attacks and infantile masturbation. In addition, greater than one‐half of the infants and toddlers had risk factors, raising a concern for epilepsy in the family and prompting the VEEG evaluation, suggesting that paroxysmal non‐epileptic seizures may frequently coexist in young children with epilepsy.
Gastro‐esophageal reflux disease and exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ingebrigtsen Truls S. , Marott Jacob L. , Vestbo Jørgen , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Hallas Jesper , Lange Peter
Published: October 2014

Background and objective

We tested the hypothesis that gastro‐esophageal reflux disease is a risk factor for exacerbations in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods

Among 9622 participants in the Copenhagen City Heart Study, we identified 1259 individuals with COPD and information on gastro‐esophageal reflux disease and the regular use of acid inhibitory treatment. These individuals were followed for 5 years with regard to medically treated COPD exacerbations, which we defined as a short course treatment with oral corticosteroids alone or in combination with antibiotics. We applied a multivariable Cox regression analysis with adjustment for well‐established risk factors associated with COPD exacerbations or gastro‐esophageal reflux disease, including COPD severity, and symptoms.

Results

Individuals with COPD and gastro‐esophageal reflux disease had more chronic bronchitis (31 vs 21%, P = 0.004), more breathlessness (39 vs 22%, P < 0.001), and more of them had a history of respiratory infections (6.8 vs 1.4%, P < 0.001) than individuals with COPD but without gastro‐esophageal reflux disease. Among individuals with COPD and gastro‐esophageal reflux disease, those who did not use acid inhibitory treatment regularly had an increased risk of COPD exacerbations during follow‐up, hazards ratio (HR): HR = 2.7 (1.3–5.4, P = 0.006). Individuals with gastro‐esophageal reflux disease, using acid inhibitory treatment regularly did not have an increased risk of exacerbations, HR = 1.2 (0.6–2.7, P = 0.63).

Conclusions

Gastro‐esophageal reflux disease was associated with an increased risk of medically treated exacerbations of COPD, but only in those individuals who did not use acid inhibitory treatment regularly.
Twenty Years of Rural Entrepreneurship: A Bibliometric Survey
Authors: Pato Maria Lúcia , Teixeira Aurora A.C.
Published: October 2014

Entrepreneurship has become a dynamic field of research in the last two decades. However, ‘rural entrepreneurship’ has been largely overlooked. It seems therefore timely to present a quantitative survey of the literature in this particular area. Based on 181 articles on rural entrepreneurship published in journals indexed inScopus, we found that rural entrepreneurship is an essentiallyEuropean concern, whose most prolific authors are affiliated with institutions in theUKandSpain. Organisational characteristics, policy measures and institutional frameworks and governance have attracted considerable attention in recent years, being considered emergent topics of research. In contrast, theory building has not attracted much research over the period in analysis, which suggests that the theoretical body of rural entrepreneurship is still incipient, hindering the establishment of its boundaries and of a suitable research agenda. Empirical literature on rural entrepreneurship has focused mainly on developed countries, most notably, theUK, theUSA,Spain,Finland andGreece. Given the potential rural entrepreneurship represents for less developed and underdeveloped countries, more research on the topic targeting these countries is an imperative.
Endorheic or exorheic: differential isostatic effects of Cenozoic sediments on the elevations of the cratonic basins around the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yu Xiangjiang , Guo Zhaojie , Fu Suotang
Published: October 2014

Based on isostasy, this paper elegantly explains the differential modern elevations of the large‐scale cratonic basins around the Tibetan Plateau. The Qaidam and Tarim basins are endorheic regions with thick Cenozoic deposits, and they uplifted dramatically during the Cenozoic. In contrast, the Sichuan basin is exorheic and most Cenozoic sediments flowed out of the basin; no visible Cenozoic uplift is observed. We suggest that whether a basin is endorheic or exorheic significantly influences its modern elevation, illustrating how exogenic geological processes impact endogenic geological processes. In addition, a new method of estimating paleoelevation is proposed, which predicts successively accelerating uplift of the Qaidam basin during the Cenozoic and provides good constraints on the geological evolution of the northern Tibetan Plateau.
Bacteremia due to Campylobacter in renal transplantation: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Pereira L. , Sampaio S. , Tavares I. , Bustorff M. , Pestana M.
Published: October 2014

Campylobacter species are the leading cause of acute bacterial diarrhea in industrialized countries. However, bacteremia is detected in <1% of patients with Campylobacter enteritis and is most likely to occur in patients who are immunocompromised or of older age. To our knowledge, only 2 cases of Campylobacter jejuni bacteremia have been reported in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). We present a case of an RTR with C. jejuni bacteremia presenting as self‐limiting diarrhea followed by fever and cellulitis. The patient was successfully treated with a 2‐week course of imipenem and developed no other complications. We review all cases of Campylobacter bacteremia in RTRs, and discuss clinical presentation and treatment of this potentially fatal disease.
Development and application of the incident command tool for drinking water protection
Authors: Samuels William B. , Bahadur Rakesh , Ziemniak Christopher , Amstutz David E.
Published: October 2014

The Incident Command Tool for Drinking Water Protection (ICWater) provides real‐time assessments of the travel and dispersion of contaminants in streams and rivers. It is structured around the RiverSpill model which has been enhanced to make use of the 1:100 000 scale National Hydrography Dataset Plus, Version 1.0 (NHDPlusV1). NHDPlusV1 is a hydrologically connected river network that contains over 3 million reach segments in the United States. This allows for both downstream and upstream tracing (which serves in forensic analysis). Mean flow and velocity have been calculated by the US Geological Survey (USGS) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for each reach. These mean values are updated by flow from web accessible real‐time gauging stations. Example databases available within ICWater include: dams, reservoirs, water supplies, gauges, municipal and industrial dischargers and transportation networks. A contaminant database is also included which identifies biological, chemical and radiological contaminants and their toxicities. Navigating the river network upstream coupled with mass‐balance calculations from breakthrough curves allows for backtracking of the contamination to determine the origin and source strength.
Thermal stability and mechanical properties of amorphous coatings in the Ti-B-Si-Al-N system grown by cathodic arc evaporation from TiB2, Ti33Al67, and Ti85Si15 cathodes
Authors: Fager Hanna , Andersson Jon M. , Jensen Jens , Lu Jun , Hultman Lars
Published: October 2014

Ti-B-Si-Al-N coatings were grown on cemented carbide substrates in an industrial scale cathodic arc evaporation system using Ti33Al67, Ti85Si15, and TiB2 cathodes in a reactive N2 atmosphere. The microstructure of the as-deposited coatings changes from nanocrystalline to amorphous with addition of (B + Si + Al), or high amounts of (B + Si) to TiN. In the as-deposited state, the 4 μm-thick amorphous coatings are dense and homogeneous, beside slight compositional modulation with Ti-rich layers induced by rotation of the substrate holder fixture during deposition, and have unusually few macroparticles. Annealing at temperatures ranging from 700 to 1100 °C results in that the coatings crystallize by clustering of TiN grains. The hardness of as-deposited amorphous coatings is 17–18 GPa, and increases to 21 GPa following annealing at 800 °C. At annealing temperatures of 1000 °C and above the hardness decreases due to interdiffusion of Co from the substrate to the coating.