bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Impacts of Rising Food Prices on Households’ Welfare in South West Ethiopia
Authors: Ali Yekin Ahmed
Published: June 2022

Food price inflation affects household welfare and the macroeconomy pervasively. The study estimated Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand system of six food groups to simulate the money costs of food prices inflation on households’ welfare and; predict relative potency of income and price policies to counter the effects in a particular context of South West Ethiopia. It drew on Household Income and Consumption Expenditure Survey data of 519 households collected by the Central Statistical Authority of Ethiopia. Rural households respond more to income and prices than do urban dwellers. The welfare losses from food price inflation fall heavily, more on urban households than their rural counterparts. On average, it requires resource allocations as large as percentage increases in prices to keep households’ welfare at pre-price change levels. It is suggested that a sector-specific mix of income and price policies could offset the negative consequences on consumers’ welfare.
Assessment of pesticide use against Tephrtidae fruit fly and other pest among small-scale solanaceous vegetable farmers in Bugorhe-Kabare the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: KITUTA JEAN AUGUSTIN RUBABURA
Published: June 2022

Ninety-six farmers interviewed in Kabare, east of the DR Congo during 2021 and WHO Hazard Class and health effects (2005) used. Farmers majority were males (79.17%), ranging 30 to 60 years, used different pesticides in vegetable farms and the main solanaceous crops cultivated is tomato. The use of insecticide and fungicide were high, with many different formulations of the difference class types recorded in use, (20%) endocrine disruptors, (40%) cholinesterase inhibitors, (35%) carcinogen and potential carcinogens suspected to be. A lot of out of those pesticides are unregistered for general use. Farmers applied pesticide once a week and did not have specific instructions either from the label or from extension staff regarding these tank mixtures. The skin effects, headaches and dizziness are dominant. They do not have a good system of pesticide packaging management. We propose options to reduce pesticide application based upon integrated pest Management (IPM) and agro ecology. Moreover, IPM increases farmer economy, thus decreasing poverty. We suggest that the Congolese government must create a quarantine, control and surveillance service for phytosanitary products, fruits and vegetables within the DRC country and at these borders.
O ensino-aprendizagem da matemática em tempos de COVID-19: experiência em turmas de ensino médio em escola privada na cidade de Natal/RN
Authors: Bezerra Heriberto Silva Nunes , Novaes Tatiani Daiana de
Published: June 2022

Este artigo científico tem como objetivo discutir sobre o ensino-aprendizagem da matemática em tempos de pandemia da COVID-19. Além disso, busca-se relatar experiências, em turmas de ensino médio, em uma escola da rede privada na cidade de Natal/RN, durante o terceiro trimestre de 2020, na qual utilizamos de plataformas educacionais, ambientes virtuais e jogos online, retomando as atividades escolares, por meio de aulas não presenciais e colaborando para que os educandos aprendam os conteúdos desta disciplina. Desse modo, determinamos como metodologia a pesquisa qualitativa, sendo realizado inicialmente, um estudo de referenciais teóricos que discutem sobre ensino-aprendizagem e tecnologias digitais. Ainda, utilizamos do estudo de caso, compartilhando as vivências na docência em escola potiguar, diante desse contexto de isolamento social nacional. Como resultados, constatamos que a utilização de tecnologias digitais, plataformas educacionais e jogos online, contribuíram para que os educandos aprendessem os conteúdos matemáticos, demonstrando gradualmente, uma maior participação, criticidade e curiosidade durante as aulas, além de apresentarem uma postura autônoma e de protagonistas de seus processos de aprendizagem e de suas vidas.
Ensino e aprendizagem de conjuntos numéricos a partir de práticas pedagógicas
Authors: Cruz Alixandre Marques , Vasconcelos Carlos Alberto de
Published: June 2022

O presente texto relata uma experiência de prática pedagógica desenvolvida em 2020 com 20 alunos do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola da rede municipal de Poço Redondo (SE), com o intuito de avaliar de forma diagnóstica o objeto do conhecimento que versa sobre os conjuntos dos números naturais, inteiros, racionais, irracionais e reais, estudados por eles em anos anteriores. Para isso, neste texto, são discutidos aspectos sobre prática pedagógica, avaliação e discussões a respeito de materiais didáticos feitas por autores que abordam a temática escrita. A partir do desenvolvimento da atividade matemática, foi possível identificar que a utilização dos materiais didáticos contribuiu para o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem dos alunos por meio de discussões sobre os conjuntos numéricos, realizados em grupos e com toda a turma. A partir dessa execução, foi possível constatar, por meio da avaliação diagnóstica, que os estudantes possuíam dúvidas em relação aos conjuntos numéricos e, com isso, cometiam equívocos na localização dos números em cada parte do diagrama proposto, erros que foram aproveitados para os questionamentos e diálogos desenvolvidos com eles para sanar tais dúvidas.
Impact of one year of pandemic on Spanish Intensive Care Units
Authors: Vidal-Cortés Pablo , Martín María Cruz , Díaz Emili , Bodí María , Igeño José Carlos , Garnacho-Montero José
Published: June 2022

Objective. To measure the impact of the pandemic in Spanish ICUs. Material and methods. On-line survey, conducted in April 2021, among SEMICYUC members. Participants were asked about number of patients admitted, increase in the number of beds and staff, structures created in the hospital and self-assessment of the work performed. Results. We received 246 answers from 157 hospitals. 67.7% of the ICUs were expanded during the pandemic, overall increase in beds of 58.6%. The ICU medical staff increased by 6.1% and there has been a nursing shortage in 93.7% of units. Patients exceeded 200% the pre-pandemic ICU capacity. In 88% of the hospitals the collaboration of other specialists was necessary. The predominant collaboration model consisted of the intensive care medicine specialist being responsible for triage and coordinating patient management. Despite that 53.2% centres offered training for critical care, a deterioration in the quality of care was perceived. 84.2% hospitals drew up a Contingency Plan and in 77.8% of the hospitals a multidisciplinary committee was set up to agree on decision-making. Self-evaluation of the work performed was outstanding and 91.9% felt proud of what they had achieved, however, up to 15% considered leaving their job. Conclusions. The Spanish ICUs assumed an unprecedented increase in the number of patients. They achieved it without hardly increasing their staff and, while intensive care medicine training was carried out for other specialists who collaborated. The degree of job satisfaction was consistent with pre-pandemic levels.
PHOTOVOICE METHOD TRENDS, STATUS AND POTENTIAL FOR FUTURE PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH APPROACH
Authors: Mohd Noor Mohd Iqbal , Voon-Ching Lim  , Amira Mas Ayu Amir Mustafa  , Amirah Azzeri  , Mohd Hafiz Jaafar  , Nursyaidatul Kamar Md Shah  , Nur Syafiqah Hussin  , Mohd Azim Zainal  , Muhammad Fuad Abdullah
Published: June 2022

In the last decade, researchers from around the world have shown deep interest in using photovoice as a method of analysis in scientific research. This might be due to the participatory strength of the method that acts as a bridge to connect researcher and community by balancing scientific research and mitigating action. The purpose of this research is to synthesize the available research on the photovoice method using the Scientometric method. This article explores the research landscape, key topics, and developments of the photovoice method based on the 1252 document data retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection dated from 1997 to 2019. The results show that the interest in using this method is significantly high in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom as they are the major leaders in publication contributions. A Scientometric analysis for Document co-citation analysis was applied and 15 research clusters were identified. This paper reviews the main characteristics of 6 most important clusters and their contribution to the photovoice method. The outcome of this study contributes to academia, industry practitioners and policymakers by providing an understanding of overall trends, status, and potential research questions of study in this domain.
DETERMINANT FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PEOPLE WITH LEPROSY IN SUMENEP, INDONESIA
Authors: Umniyati Helwiah , Zahroh Hilyatuz , Yuliwulandari Rika
Published: June 2022

Leprosy is a potentially debilitating disease, that affects patients beyond medical conditions due to its potential impact on mobility, relationships with others, marriage, work, and social activities. The objective of this study was to know the quality of life of leprosy persons in Sumenep regency, Madura, and identify what factors affect the quality of life of people with leprosy. The study was a cross-sectional study involving 110 people with leprosy at Poteran Island, Sumenep regency, in 2017. We used a pre-designed questionnaire to evaluate demographics, attitude, knowledge, perceived stigma, and family support. The quality of life was assessed using a short version of the WHO Quality of Life Assessment, the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, which consisted of four dimensions: physical health, psychological conditions, social relations, and environmental conditions. These four domains were summed to get the overall quality of life. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS V 23 software using p-value and PR (Prevalence Ratio). About 55.5% of respondents had impaired quality of life. Stigma was a more dominant factor that affected the quality of life followed by knowledge, income, family support and age with POR 10.26, 8.17, 7.37, 7.31, and 4.10, successively. We suggest that to improve the quality of life of people affected by leprosy, it is necessary to deal with stigma through counseling, group therapy, and physical and occupational rehabilitation. Health promotion activities should be directed at empowering families and the community to play an active role in changing people’s behavior and modifying the social environment as well as maintaining and improving general health.
Growth Features of Siberian Elm on Brown Soils of the Astrakhan Semi-Desert
Authors:   Bogdinskaya scientific-research agroforest amelioration experimental station, Lepesko Vladimir V. , Rybashlykova Ludmila P. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2022

The article presents the current state assessment and suggests the methods for additional moisture supply of soils under stable tree plantations of Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L.) on brown soils of semi-desert. The research area belongs to the arid zone. This is a treeless zone of dry steppe and semi-desert, where about 1,000 ha of plantations with a predominance of elm of different species have been planted since 1949–1953: shade clumps, pasture protection strips, massifs, separated forest stands. The soils are brown desert-steppe alkaline sandy loam and light clay-loam in combination with solonetz (10 %). Siberian elm stands form plantations of different ages and for different purposes. The research is based on biomonitoring materials and field experiments using standard forest inventory techniques. Test sites of a rectangular shape with an area of 0.4 ha were laid out in order to study the Siberian elm stands. We described in detail the location of the test sites, the soil composition thereon, and gave a comprehensive assessment of the growth and durability of the plantations. It is shown that the stand state is determined by 2 sets of factors: zonal-edaphic and pastoraleconomic. Viable stands of Siberian elm at the age of 57–64 have been preserved on sandy loam and dark-colored soils located in micro- and inter-hill depressions. The dynamics of soil moisture under plantations is largely independent of the tree location method. Satisfactory indicators of growth and durability of plantations depend on the level of availability of soil moisture and the degree of its salinity. The moisture supply of soils under elm plantations can be increased by using melt water runoff in hollows and micro-depressions and increasing the growing space of a tree to 25 m2. Formed elm plantations respond positively to the presence of resting animals. The “alliance” relationship between the stand and livestock does not arise immediately, but rather from a certain age of the stand and the moment it forms a certain structure of the tree layer, which should be provided by forest cultivation and silvicultural measures in conjunction with the regulation of pasture load. There is a positive effect of resting animals at the appropriate load on the growth, state and durability of the Siberian elm stands.
Characteristics of Melliferous Lands and Their Fire Hazard in the Jewish Autonomous Region
Authors:   Institute for Complex Analysis of Regional Problems, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rubtsova Tamara A. , Zubareva Anna M.
Published: June 2022

Beekeeping is an essential economy branch. Therefore, it is so important to study the conditions that affect its state. The Jewish Autonomous Region (JAR) is one of the most important melliferous regions of the Far East. The main melliferous species here is the linden. Forest fires are a major negative factor in the growth of linden in the region under study. The research aims at identifying and studying forests, which include linden, suitable for the development of beekeeping in the JAR, and determining the risk of fire hazard in them. The research object is forests with linden in the JAR. Field expedition works were carried out in the period from 2003 to 2018. The review and analysis of the stands was carried out using 287 geobotanical descriptions of the sample plots. On the basis of the author’s map of vegetation of the JAR, locations of forests with the presence of linden were determined. These forests were assigned to four vegetation units. The predominance of plant communities with Amur linden over those with Manchurian linden is shown. In 93 descriptions linden does not occur in the forest, which indicates a possible succession – gradual replacement of linden with other tree species, and complete extinction of linden from the stand in the future. According to the Forest Management Department of the JAR Government and the Geographic Information System “Fires”, 290 forest fires occurred in the region. There is information on 290 fires and 104,770 ha of disturbed area. The largest fire-affected area (50,270 ha) was recorded in 2018 in black birch-oak forests of park type, sometimes with linden (Tilia), larch (Larix), beard lichen-mixed herbs cover and mixed herbs reedgrass meadows. There is a trend towards a decrease in the area and deterioration of the ecological state of the linden forests, and, therefore, the depletion of the region’s melliferous base. In this regard, the linden needs to be protected at both the regional and federal levels. Forests affected by negative naturalanthropogenic factors leading to stand degradation require continuous monitoring and assessment of the state to improve beekeeping as an industry. The results of the study can be used to substantiate recommendations for the protection of linden forests and will be useful to the agencies involved in the development of beekeeping in the region.
Reintroduction of Curly Birch
Authors:   Forest Research Institute of Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vetchinnikova Lidia V. , Titov Alexander F. ,   Institute of Biology of Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences; Department of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research of Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2022

The paper offers a systematic overview of the results of research regarding reintroduction of curly (Karelian) birch Betula pendula Roth var. carelica (Mercklin) Hämet-Ahti published by Russian and foreign authors over the past few decades. We briefly outline the current situation with its resources and the key causes of their decline in the late 20th – early 21st centuries, such as mass-scope illegal logging, vanishing or substantial alteration of typical curly birch habitats, as well as some biological features (fragmented distribution, low competitive capacity, etc.). The main outcomes of the curly birch introduction activities in the areas lying far beyond its natural distribution (mainly to the south-east from it) are reported. It is shown that the experience of curly birch reintroduction in Russia is mostly based on planting of forests and establishment of specially protected areas. The results of curly birch reintroduction in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Germany, Belarus and other countries are observed. Although reintroduction is not equally effective in all countries (its success depends on many factors), it has made and is making a significant contribution to the preservation and augmentation of the resources of this unique member of the European forest tree flora. Importantly, the curly birch from the reintroductions performed in different years and different edaphic and climatic conditions steadily retains its key biological features, such as figured grain and diversity of growth forms and trunk surface characteristics, which once again confirms the authors’ previously expressed opinion that there are grounds for classifying the curly birch as a separate biological species. Proceeding from the analysis of the data amassed by now, it is suggested that that the efficiency of curly birch reintroduction to its natural habitats can be promoted by mainly using the stocking material of local provenance (when restoring populations) or by transferring it from other populations (for repatriation cases). An important role in the preservation and reproduction of curly birch belongs to the micropropagation technique.
No booth, no problem. Formación a distancia en interpretación durante la COVID-19 con Collaborate, Skype y Google Meet
Authors: Nieto García Paola
Published: June 2022

La COVID-19 ha supuesto un punto de inflexión en la realidad de la docencia universitaria. En España, el 14 de marzo de 2020 todas las enseñanzas regladas pasaron a impartirse en modalidad online (Ministerio de la Presidencia, 2020). Lo que para muchas materias teóricas supuso simplemente un cambio de canal en el trasvase de la información de profesor a alumno y en la comunicación entre ambos, para asignaturas prácticas el problema fue mucho mayor. Sin laboratorios ni clínicas donde poder trabajar (Silió, 2020), los profesores tuvieron que estudiar todas las opciones que las instituciones educativas ponían a su disposición para garantizar la adquisición de contenidos y competencias por parte del alumnado.

La docencia en interpretación simultánea fue una de las disciplinas afectadas por el confinamiento. La necesidad de contar con herramientas que permitieran al profesor escuchar a los alumnos sin que ellos se pudieran escuchar entre sí quedaba fuera de las posibilidades que ofrecían los campus virtuales y, por lo tanto, era necesario buscar soluciones que permitieran impartir esta materia con garantías.

En respuesta a la problemática planteada, se realizó un estudio de las herramientas gratuitas existentes y se decidió combinar el uso de plataformas conocidas en el ámbito universitario, como son Collaborate, Skype y Meet y emplearlas en diferentes asignaturas de interpretación impartidas en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y en la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Gracias a estas herramientas se han podido crear cabinas virtuales y recrear un entorno formativo que ha servido también para introducir aspectos de la interpretación en remoto.
A cantilever-based, ultra-high vacuum, low temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy
Authors: Liu Hao , Ahmed Zuned , Vranjkovic Sasa , Parschau Manfred , Mandru Andrada-Oana , Hug Hans Josef
Published: June 2022

Cantilever-based atomic force microscopy (AFM) performed under ambient conditions has become an important tool to characterize new material systems as well as devices. Current instruments permit robust scanning over large areas, atomic scale lateral resolution and the characterization of various sample properties using multifrequency and multimodal AFM operation modes. Research of new quantum materials and devices however, often requires low temperatures and ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. In this article, we describe a cantilever-based low temperature UHV AFM setup that allows to transfer of the versatile AFM techniques developed for ambient conditions to UHV and low temperature conditions. We demonstrate that such a cantilever-based AFM offers experimental flexibility by permitting multimodal or multifrequency operations with superior force derivative sensitivities and bandwidths. Our instrument has a sub-picometer gap stability and can simultaneously map not only vertical and lateral forces with atomic-scale resolution, but also perform rapid overview scans with the tip kept at larger tip-sample distances for robust imaging.
Characterization of a new fusicoccane-type diterpene synthase and an associated P450 enzyme
Authors: Huang Jia-Hua , Lv Jian-Ming , Xiao Liang-Yan , Xu Qian , Lin Fu-long , Wang Gao-Qian , Chen Guo-Dong , Qin Sheng-Ying , Hu Dan , Gao Hao
Published: June 2022

Fusicoccane-type terpenoids are a subgroup of diterpenoids featured with a unique 5-8-5 ring system. They are widely distributed in nature and possess a variety of biological activities. Up to date, only five fusicoccane-type diterpene synthases have been identified. Here, we identify a two-gene biosynthetic gene cluster containing a new fussicoccane-type diterpene synthase gene tadA and an associated cytochrome P450 gene tadB from Talaromyces wortmannii ATCC 26942. Heterologous expression reveals that TadA catalyzes the formation of a new fusicoccane-type diterpene talaro-7,13-diene. D2O isotope labeling combined with site-directed mutagenesis indicate that TadA might employ a different C2,6 cyclization strategy from the known fussicoccane-type diterpene synthases, in which a neutral intermediate is firstly formed and then protonated by an environmental proton. In addition, we demonstrate that the associated cytochrome P450 enzyme TadB is able to catalyze multiple oxidation of talaro-7,13-diene to yield talaro-6,13-dien-5,8-dione.
Crystallization Study of Pb Additive Se-Te-Ge Nanostructured Alloys using Non-isothermal Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Authors: Patial Balbir Singh , Sharma Neha , Bhardwaj Suresh , Thakur Nagesh
Published: June 2022

Nanotechnology started a new era in research and continuous escalations due to its potential applications. In modern optoelectronics, Pb additive nano-chalcogenides are becoming promising materials. For a memory and switching material, the thermal stability and glass-forming ability are vital, and the glass should be thermally stable from a technological point of view. This research article investigates the thermal behaviour of bulk (Se80Te20)94-xGe6Pbx (x = 0, 2, 4 and 6) samples synthesized using the melt quench procedure non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry at four heating rates from 5 to 20°Cmin-1. Further, the overall crystallization study, which includes thermal stability, ease of glass formation, fragility, glass relaxation and glass-crystallization transformation kinetics of investigated alloys using different empirical formalisms, is reported and discussed. Compositional and heating rate dependence of recorded characteristic temperatures and other deduced parameters of reheated alloys are also discussed. The correlation between deduced parameters is also established to define the utility of these materials in practical applications.
Relationship of Menopausal Status with Molecular Breast Cancer Subtypes
Authors: DOKCU Şeref , ÇAPARLAR Mehmet Ali , ÇETİNDAĞ Özhan , HAKSEVEN Musluh , EROĞLU Aydan
Published: June 2022

Objective

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease group that exhibits quite different biological behaviors and bear many genomic traces. Its dependence on sex hormones also determines its relationship with menopausal status. It is divided into five molecular subtypes according to receptor analysis and Ki67 level with immunohistochemical (IHC) markers. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the menopausal status and these molecular subtypes to help determine our treatment strategies.

Material and Method

The database of 250 patients who were operated on for breast cancer in our Oncology Clinic between 2012 and 2020 was retrospectively analyzed. The patients were grouped by their menopausal status and clinicopathological characteristics. Statistical analysis was made at a 95% confidence interval, and a p-value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The patients were divided into 2 groups by their menopausal status as 44.8% (n = 112) as premenopausal and 65.2% (n=138) as postmenopausal. In the statistical analysis performed, the level of Ki67 was high in premenopausal women (p=0.015). Also, tumors seen in premenopausal women were associated with ER negativity (p=0.024) and high histological grade (grade3) (p=0.015). It was found that luminal subtype (luminal A, luminal B) breast cancers were observed more frequently in postmenopausal women and non-luminal subtypes (HER2+, TNBC) were observed more frequently in premenopausal women.

Conclusion

The genomic complexity that will determine personalized treatment strategies soon remains to be clarified. There is still a need for randomized, prospective, multidisciplinary, and population-based studies to help us understand this unknown nature.
INVESTIGATION OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN FAMILIAR PORTFOLIO CHOICE
Authors: Maknickienė Nijolė , Rapkevičiūtė Lina
Published: June 2022

The prevailing assumption holds that investors include in their portfolios securities that they know well, are located near their place of residence, or align with their fields of interest. This article analyse familiarity in investment through gender perspective and their fields of interest. Women and men field of interest is defined by enabling online magazines’ article’s themes. The aim of this paper is to investigate gender-based behavioural differences in investment decisions – i.e. to define women’s and men’s fields of interests and value investment portfolios. Portfolios differ according to whether they are formed from securities that are consistent with women’s fields of interest, men’s fields of interest or both women’s and men’s fields of interest. Textual analysis was employed to identify men’s and women’s fields of interest. Investment portfolios were built using mean variance (MV) and Black–Litterman (BL) models. The analysis revealed that portfolios built from men’s fields of interests are more diversified than are portfolios built either from women’s fields of interests or from both men’s and women’s fields of interest. Analysing 12 portfolios’ efficiency revealed that women’s portfolio returns are more stable than are men’s. Moreover, the study demonstrated that time impacts investment portfolio returns to a greater extent than do gendered fields of interest. The article complements the existing knowledge about bias in investor familiarity, which results from differences in men’s and women’s fields of interest.
The Large Superfast Rotators Discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility
Authors: Chang 章 Chan-Kao 展誥 , Yeh 葉 Ting-Shuo 庭碩 , Tan 譚 HanJie 瀚傑 , Ip 葉 Wing-Huen 永烜 , Kelley Michael S. P. , Ye 叶 Quanzhi 泉志 , Lin 林 Zhong-Yi 忠義 , Ngeow 饒 Chow-Choong 兆聰 , Bolin Bryce T. , Prince Thomas. A. , Bellm Eric C. , Dekany Richard , Duev Dmitry A. , Graham Matthew ,   Zwicky Transient Facility Collaboration
Published: June 2022

Two high-cadence surveys aiming for rotation period measurements of asteroids have been conducted in 2019 January and October using the Zwicky Transient Facility. From the surveys, 25 large superfast rotators (SFRs) were discovered and they are all main-belt asteroids (MBAs), except for one Mars crosser. These large SFRs have a diameter ranging from 0.43 to 7.87 km and a rotation period between 0.48 and 1.95 hr. Considering their diameters and fast rotations, they cannot be explained by rubble-pile structure unless using extraordinary high bulk densities. Cohesion, if available, can conserve these large SFRs. The estimated cohesion for these large SFRs could be up to thousands of pascals, much higher than the currently estimated cohesion for asteroids and that generated by the regolith of Moon and Mars. Such high-level cohesion can be produced from fine-grain regolith, like clay. However, the availability of such fine-grain regolith for asteroids is still unknown. Although the possibility of these large SFRs being large monolithic objects cannot be ruled out, this scenario is very unlikely given that the timescale of disruptive impact for MBAs in a similar diameter range is 107–108 yr.
A Speed Bump: SN 2021aefx Shows that Doppler Shift Alone Can Explain Early Excess Blue Flux in Some Type Ia Supernovae
Authors: Ashall C. , Lu J. , Shappee B. J. , Burns C. R. , Hsiao E. Y. , Kumar S. , Morrell N. , Phillips M. M. , Shahbandeh M. , Baron E. , Boutsia K. , Brown P. J. , DerKacy J. M. , Galbany L. , Hoeflich P. , Krisciunas K. , Mazzali P. , Piro A. L. , Stritzinger M. D. , Suntzeff N. B.
Published: June 2022

We present early-time photometric and spectroscopic observations of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2021aefx. The early-time u-band light curve shows an excess flux when compared to normal SNe Ia. We suggest that the early excess blue flux may be due to a rapid change in spectral velocity in the first few days post explosion, produced by the emission of the Ca ii H&K feature passing from the u to the B bands on the timescale of a few days. This effect could be dominant for all SNe Ia that have broad absorption features and early-time velocities over 25,000 km s−1. It is likely to be one of the main causes of early excess u-band flux in SNe Ia that have early-time high velocities. This effect may also be dominant in the UV filters, as well as in places where the SN spectral energy distribution is quickly rising to longer wavelengths. The rapid change in velocity can only produce a monotonic change (in flux-space) in the u band. For objects that explode at lower velocities, and have a more structured shape in the early excess emission, there must also be an additional parameter producing the early-time diversity. More early-time observations, in particular early spectra, are required to determine how prominent this effect is within SNe Ia.
Solar Wind Charge Exchange Soft X-Ray Emissions in the Magnetosphere during an Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection Compared to Its Driven Sheath
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Sun Tianran , Wang Chi , Ji Li , Carter Jennifer. A. , Sembay Steve , Koutroumpa Dimitra , Liu Ying D. , Liang Guiyun , Liu Wenhao , Sun Wei , Zhao Xiaowei
Published: June 2022

Soft X-ray emissions from solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) are applied in a recently developed approach to study the magnetosphere using panoramic soft X-ray imaging. This study represents the first attempt to distinguish magnetospheric SWCX emissions observed by XMM-Newton during the impact of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) and its driven sheath on Earth. In addition, data from the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) were available during this same observational period, which is rare in previous studies. Results showed that SWCX emissions peaked during the ICME at approximately 2.3 times the mean of the observation period, although the solar wind flux decreased to a much lower level. A comparison of spectral results with ion data probed by ACE revealed that high ionization states in the ICME effectively enhanced line emission intensity for heavy ions (e.g., Ne, Mg, and Al). Thus, despite a low proton flux, elevated high-valence ion abundance in the ICME favors magnetospheric soft X-ray observations. Furthermore, the fitted X-ray flux of ion line emissions was consistent with elemental abundance ratios determined in situ by ACE, particularly for C5+, C6+, Ne9+, Mg11+, and Mg12+. This confirms the viability of spectral diagnosis of SWCX emissions as a new method for remotely analyzing high-state ion distributions in solar wind. A time-correlated or two-stage efficiency factor is further suggested to better estimate X-ray intensity during an ICME impact, which was ∼1.7 times higher in the ICME than in the sheath.
Des Russies pour des lanternes…
Authors: Blanc Hélène
Published: June 2022

Tout le monde s’est illusionné sur Vladimir Poutine en croyant avec bonne foi sa bonne volonté. En fait, il a toujours agi comme un ancien agent du KGB , mû par une idéologie nationaliste et autoritaire, avec la nostalgie de l’Empire tant tsariste que soviétique. Le réveil est donc douloureux et inquiétant.
Application of the nonlinear steepest descent method to the general coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system
Authors: Chen Mingming , Geng Xianguo , Wang Kedong , Xue Bo
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we analyze the long-time asympotic behavior for the general coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system with initial data in Schwartz space via the nonlinear steepest descent method. We first construct a corresponding \begin{document}$ 3\times3 $\end{document} matrix Riemann-Hilbert problem by using inverse scattering method. The solution of the general coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system can be transformed into the solution of the \begin{document}$ 3\times3 $\end{document} matrix Riemann-Hilbert problem. The original Riemann-Hilbert problem is reduced to a model Riemann-Hilbert problem by several proper transformations and strict error estimation, which can be solved explicitly in terms of the parabolic cylinder functions. We finally obtain the leading-order asymptotics of the solution of the Cauchy problem of the general coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system.
Exploring preschoolers′ conceptions about the viscosity of honey
Authors: Feser Markus Sebastian , Mangal Susanan
Published: June 2022

Fluids′ viscous behavior is apparent in many everyday life situations, for example, in squeezing shampoo from a bottle or spooning honey from a jar. As a result, it is quite reasonable to assume that students develop (pre)conceptions to explain such phenomena even before they enter kindergarten or elementary school. As yet, however, empirical studies on children′s conceptions regarding the viscous behavior of fluids are remarkably scarce. The present study aims to address this research gap on an exploratory level. More precisely, we conducted a qualitative interview study in which we explored the conceptions about the viscous behavior of honey among N = 6 preschool children attending their final year in a kindergarten in Hamburg (Germany). For stimulating the conversation during the interviews, an easily noticeable phenomenon in which the viscous behavior of honey can be observed (dropping two identical spoons into a honey-filled and a water-filled glass) was demonstrated to the participating children. In summary, the analysis of the transcribed interviews revealed three distinguishable conceptions of the children about the viscous behavior of honey: (1) The viscous behavior of honey results from its stickiness, (2) from its additional physical characteristics, and (3) from its use in everyday life. In this Express Letter, we present the design and results of our study in detail. Recommendations for future research in science education are outlined at the end of this paper.
Francesco I e Genova: quale strategia?
Authors: Pacini Arturo
Published: June 2022

Per la monarchia spagnola del secolo XVI è stato posto con forza il problema dell’esistenza o meno di una « grande strategia » a sostegno dei suoi obiettivi di supremazia continentale (Geoffrey Parker). La risposta, sostanzialmente positiva, ha evidenziato l’importanza per gli Asburgo dell’asse Milano-Genova come « grande arteria di comunicazione imperiale » (Federico Chabod) per l’accesso all’Italia settentrionale e il transito verso l’Europa centrale e settentrionale. All’inizio della competizione tra gli Asburgo e i Valois Genova era sottoposta in regime pattizio a Francesco I di Francia, e di nuovo lo fu tra il 1527 e il 1528, ma fu poi attratta e infine saldamente collocata nel sistema spagnolo. La strategia di Francesco I riguardo a Genova, e le sue iniziative politiche e militari negli anni Venti del secolo XVI miranti ad acquisirne il dominio e contrastarne l’inserimento nell’orbita imperiale sono i temi affrontati dal presente saggio.
Sulla strada per Milano e Napoli
Authors: M. Rabà Michele
Published: June 2022

Il contributo analizza le implicazioni geo-strategiche dell’occupazione francese del Piemonte centrale, durante la seconda fase della competizione dinastica tra Francesco I e Carlo V per il dominio su Milano e Napoli (1536-1547). Le basi francesi negli Stati sabaudi rappresentarono una minaccia concreta per l’egemonia asburgica nella Penisola e un trampolino di lancio ideale dal quale compromettere le comunicazioni imperiali lungo l’asse Milano-Genova, agevolando azioni combinate con la flotta della Sublime Porta alleata dei Valois, e consentendo al Cristianissimo di alimentare focolai di resistenza anti-imperiale nelle aree politicamente più frammentate dell’Italia settentrionale. Il Piemonte francese fu anche un fattore di aggregazione e un centro di raccolta per i fuoriusciti napoletani, milanesi e fiorentini, i quali costituirono la spina dorsale dell’establishment regio in quello scacchiere.
IL filo francesismo di Gian Pietro Carafa (1476-1559)
Authors: Vanni Andrea
Published: June 2022

Sullo sfondo delle tensioni religiose della prima metà del XVI secolo, il presente contributo ricostruisce i rapporti di collaborazione politica tra Gian Pietro Carafa, futuro papa Paolo IV, e la monarchia francese, durante i regni di Francesco I e di Enrico II. La conquista spagnola di Napoli, che comportò una profonda ridefinizione degli equilibri e delle alleanze tra la nobiltà locale e i nuovi sovrani e il loro entourage, portò molti esponenti delle casate partenopee ad avvicinarsi alla Francia. A causa dell’ostracismo degli Asburgo, che dovette limitare a lungo lo sviluppo della sua carriera ecclesiastica, anche Gian Pietro Carafa si legò al partito francese in curia, favorendo gli interessi dei Valois presso la santa sede, come testimoniato da una rete di relazioni che il presente contributo intende evidenziare.
L’intermittence d’une présence
Authors: Leroy Du Cardonnoy Éric
Published: June 2022

L’article s’intéresse à la présentation de la politique de François Ier en Italie dans les ouvrages historiographiques des pays de langue allemande au cours du XIXe siècle. L’étude permet de montrer qu’après une ouverture du siècle par une biographie sur le roi de France, le personnage et sa politique, au gré de l’évolution et de l’histoire des pays de langue allemande, tend à disparaître pour être finalement remplacé par son ennemi héréditaire, Charles Quint. La difficulté des pays germaniques à se positionner en Europe face au nationalisme et à la constitution d’États-nations, la forme politique que les états allemands prennent au cours du XIXe siècle dans la course à la réalisation de l’unité, la différence entre l’Empire allemand et l’Autriche-Hongrie, les affrontements confessionnels qui en découlent en partie, font que le roi de France devient à la fois un repoussoir en ce qu’il incarne l’hégémonisme expansionniste français et un symbole d’un roi moderne en ce qu’il est l’un des premiers à avoir su utiliser la corde nationaliste pour réunir autour de lui ses sujets dans une politique à visée européenne, notamment en Italie.
Ripensando la storia della maternità
Authors: D’Amelia Marina
Published: June 2022

In Italy the 1990’s was one of the most vibrant periods in the reflection on motherhood within the feminist movement. The impact of women’s right to choose if, when and how to be a mother influenced gender relationships and exchanges among the generations. Feminist thought on motherhood took different paths, stressing the symbolic authority of femininity, female genealogies and the importance of the maternal bond as a new paradigm for the organization of a society open to the care of others. The journal Memoria, the first intellectual experiment on women’s and gender history in Italy was one of the networks that shaped The History of Motherhood (1997). The volume explored an under researched theme, and expressed a transition in the political subjectivity of the generation active in the Seventies. The volume was shaped by a political context in which the desire and production of knowledge on motherhood took place. It also preserved the diversity of approaches and perspectives related to the study of maternity with an emphasis on the modern and contemporary periods, offering a synthesis that did not take for granted the linear paths of emancipation and modernity. Among the inevitable lacunae, I must acknowledge a lack of visual sources. Despite an initial academic diffidence, The History of Motherhood has in the long run contributed to the growth of a field of investigation. New questions and new sources have shed light on family and patrimonial strategies, access to welfare, single and working mothers, associations, and rights not only among the élites, but among the less privileged. Recent research on the maternal body, reproduction and birth from antiquity to the new reproductive technologies opens the field to new questions and future investigation, challenging conventional chronologies.
The history of masculinity, beyond plurality
Authors: Rizzo Domenico
Published: June 2022

The paper first dwells on the successful category of « hegemonic masculinity » developed by sociologist Raewyn Connell, highlighting some of its heuristic pitfalls, such as the difficulty in conceptualizing complexity and internal contradictions of masculinities. A similar limit is highlighted in the approach of historian George Mosse and his followers.
A proposal is then submitted to the readers: the heuristic value of “fragility” as a long lasting multifaceted dispositive in the history of Western masculinities, in contrast to the adoption of the historiographical category of “crisis”, which is almost common sense in contemporary societies.
Corpo e maternità
Authors: Filippini Nadia Maria
Published: June 2022

Italian and French women historians have been the first in Europe to launch a research project about bodily maternity. This issue was deeply connected with the political thinking and claims of Feminism. It could not be otherwise, as maternity not only crosses women’s personal and social biography but also constitutes the cultural power that determines both the representation of femininity and its control. The symbolic value of this representation is crucial especially in the Catholic world. To take on the issue of the “fertile body”, of its pregnancy and delivery has brought to the dismantling of the disciplinary boundaries among anthropology, legal sociology and the history of medicine; it has created new categories and instruments and challenged the chronology borrowed from history. In this respect, the research on maternity has contributed to renovate both the contents and the methodology of traditional historiography. This paper aims to retrace the research itineraries of the last 20 years, by emphasizing the most innovative issues, the research paths, the European networks and the new questions on the floor.
“Active agents” and “history makers”
Authors: Shepard Alexandra
Published: June 2022

This paper reviews recent scholarship on the economic lives of women in western Europe between 1500 and 1800. In particular, it focuses on a historiographical shift in approaches to female economic agency away from an emphasis on constraint, drudgery and marginalisation (on the one hand) to an alertness to women’s centrality in the early modern economy (on the other hand). Rather than approaching ‘the behaviour of women in terms of conformity, manoeuvrability, and... resistance’ (as advocated by Natalie Zemon Davis and Arlette Farge in their introductory contribution on ‘Women as Historical Actors’ to Volume III of A History of Women in the West), historians are increasingly recovering the myriad ways in which women’s economic activity confirmed their status as ‘history makers’ during a significant period of change. This paper will mostly focus on north-western Europe (drawing on my own research on early modern Britain and my involvement in an International Network funded by the UK’s Leverhulme Trust on ‘Producing Change: Gender and Work in the Early Modern Europe’.
Les Nativités italiennes (1250-1450)
Authors: Puma Giulia
Published: June 2022

Cet ouvrage est fondé sur la constitution d’une série iconographique de 230 scènes représentant la Nativité du Christ, peintes à fresque et sur retable dans les régions centrales de la péninsule italienne entre 1250 et 1450. Il montre que le principal moteur de transformation de l’iconographie de cette scène narrative réside dans le motif de l’adoration, la représentation d’une ou plusieurs figures agenouillées priant et adorant l’Enfant nouveau-né. L’enquête sur l’apparition et le développement de ce motif, dès le début du Trecento, permet de réviser la genèse de l’Adoration des bergers et de l’Adoration de l’Enfant, d’élucider le rapport de la Nativité à l’Adoration des mages ainsi qu’à la Nativité de Marie, et de préciser les apports de la peinture hagiographique, de saint François d’Assise et de sainte Brigitte de Suède notamment, aux principales transformations de la scène. L’ouvrage propose une histoire iconographique de la Nativité du Christ où le nombre sans cesse croissant d’adoratrices et d’adorateurs dans la scène (Marie, Joseph, les anges, les bergers, l’âne et le bœuf, éventuellement les commanditaires) se présente comme des intercesseurs de statut variable, des relais dans l’image pour la prière des fidèles devant elle. Ces scènes, dont l’iconographie est progressivement habitée par les gestes de la dévotion, s’avèrent des sources visuelles aussi complexes que riches pour la recherche historique. En partant du cas Nativité/adoration dans la peinture italienne entre XIIIe et XVe siècles, on accède plus largement à tout un pan des évolutions spirituelles, esthétiques et sociales dans le rapport dévotionnel aux images.
Le salariat hors des sociétés salariales. La mise en forme juridique du mécontentement des travailleurs au Sénégal
Authors: Cissokho Sidy
Published: June 2022

Ce texte rend compte des formes d’appropriation et d’usages stratégiques du statut de salarié au Sénégal. Il mobilise des observations réalisées dans les méandres de l’Inspection du travail et du Tribunal de grande instance de Dakar où ont lieu les audiences liées aux conflits du travail. Il décrit comment le décalage entre la norme juridique issue du Code du travail et les pratiques quotidiennes est construit et mobilisé quotidiennement par les travailleurs et leurs représentants syndicaux lors de conflits avec des employeurs. Le salariat apparaît alors comme une construction symbolique faisant l’objet d’usages beaucoup plus désenchantés que ce que donnent à voir les récits les plus répandus faisant l’histoire politique du mouvement ouvrier dans le contexte industriel européen.