bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Micromethod for the Colorimetric Determination of Total Serum Proteins and of Serum Albumin and Globulin
Authors: Josephson Bertil , Andurén Hans
Published: January 2008

A micromethod for the colorimetric determination of serum proteins is described. The total protein concentration can be determined in 0.05 ml serum and the albumin in 0.1 ml.

Une microméthode est décrite pour la détermination colorimétrique des protéines de sérum. La concentration totale de protéine peut être déterminée en 0.05 ml de sérum et l'albumine en 0.1 ml.

Zuzammenfassung

Eine Mikromethode für die kolorimetrische Bestimmung von Serumproteinen wird beschrieben. Totalprotein kann in 0.05 ml Serum bestimmt werden und Albumin in 0.1 ml.

Sumario

Se describe un micro‐método para la determinación colorimétrica de seroproteínas. Se puede determinar en 0.05 ml la proteína total y en 0.1 ml la albúmina.
Does Chorea Cause Carditis?
Authors: Landtman Bernhard
Published: January 2008

A study of eighteen children with their first attack of chorea is presented. Only two of these showed evidence of carditis and both of them had had other rheumatic manifestations. The possibility of a multiple origin for chorea is discussed.

On étudie 18 enfants ayant présenté une première attaque de chorée. Des signes de cardite ne furent mis en évidence dans que deux cas qui avaient montré l'un et l'autre d'autres manifestations rhumatismales. On discute possibilité d'une origine multiple de la chorée.

Zuaammenfassung

Eine Untersuchung über Chorea bei 18 Kindern im ersten Anfall. Nur 2 von ihnen hatten Zeichen von Karditis; beide hatten ausserdem Zeichen von rheumatischer Infektion. Über die Möglichkeiten einer multiplen Ätiologie für Chorea wird diskutiert.

Sumario

Se estudian 18 niños con su primer ataque de corea. Solamente dos de ellos mostraron evidencia de carditis y ambos habian tenido otras manifestaciones reumaticas. Se discute la posibilidad de un origen multiple de la corea.
Determination of the Circulation Time in Children by the Decholin Method
Authors: Lind John
Published: January 2008

A short account is given of current methods‐ for determining the circulation time. Using the decholin method, 182 children between the ages of three and fifteen years were examined; the results are analyzed statistically and the error in the method calculated from duplicate tests.

Un résumé des méthodes courantes de détermination du temps de la circulation est donné. 182 enfants, de 3 à 15 ans, ont été examinés au moyen de la méthode décholine; les résultats sont calculés statistiquement et l'erreur de la méthode est calculée à l'aide de tests doublés.

Ein kurzer Bericht wird gegeben über die gebräuchlichen Methoden zur Bestimmung der Umlaufszeit. Unter Anwendung der Decholin‐Methode wurden 182 Kinder zwischen 3 und 15 Jahren untersucht. Die Resultate wurden statistisch analysiert, und der Fehler in der Methode wurde mittels doppelter Versuchen berechnet.

Sumario

Se da un breve informe sobre los métodos corrientes para determinar el tiempo de circulación. Usando el método decolino, se examinaron 182 niños de entre 3 y 15 años; se analizan estadísticamente los resultados y se calcula el error del método mediante ensayos duplicados.
Unilateral Nystagmus in Infancy
Authors: Lindquist Bertil
Published: January 2008

In agreement with earlier opinions, the author considers that unilateral nystagmus may occur in diseases of very different types. A report is given of one case of unilateral nystagmus without any ocular or cerebral defects' being manifest, two cases of unilateral nystagmus in conjunction with diseases of the central nervous system, and one case of unilateral nystagmus in a patient with toxoplasinosis and retinochoroiditis. Various theories concerning the causal factors of nystagmus are discussed.

Nystagmus unilatéral dans l'enfance

Conformément aux opinions antérieures, 1'auteur constate que le nystagmus unilatéral peut se rencontrer dans des affections de types très différents. On rapport un cas de nystagmus unilatéral sans aucune apparition de trouble oculaire ou cérébral, deux cas de nystagmus unilatéral en connexion avec des affections du systéme nerveux central, et un cas de hystagmus unilatéral chez un patient atteint de toxoplasinose et de rétinochoroïdite. On discute différentes théories sur les causes du nystagmus.

Einseitiger Nystagmus im Säuglingsalter

In Übereinstimmung mit früheren Ansichten meint der Verfasser, dass einseitiger Nystagmus bei Krankheiten verschiedener Art in Erscheinung treten kann. Er berichtet über einen Fall von einseitigem Nystagmus, bei dem sich weder Defekte im Auge noch Hirn zeigten, zwei Fälle von einseitigem Nystagmus mit gleichzeitigen Erkrankungen des zentralen Nervensystemes und einen Fall von einseitigem Nystagmus bei einem Patienten mit Toxoplasmosis und Retinochoroiditis. Verschiedenen Möglichkeiten werden diskutiert, die als Ursache des Nystagmus bezeichnet werden können.

Sumario

Nistagmus unilateral en la infancia

De acuerdo con las opiniones emitidas anteriormente el antor considera que el nistagmus puede presentarse en varios tipos de enfermedades. Se describe un caso de nistagmus sin otras manifestaciones patologicas oculares o cerebrales, doses casos de nistagmus unilateral asociadas a enfermedades del sistema nervioso central, y un caso de nistagmus unilateral en un enfermo con toxoplasmosis y retinocoroiditis. Se discuten varias teorias concernientes a los factores etiológicos del nistagmus.
Congenital Isolated Pulmonary Stenosis: A Clinical Study of Seven Cases Diagnosed by Heart Catheterization
Authors: Mannheimer E. , Larsson Y. , Möller T. , Lagerlöf H. , Werkö L.
Published: January 2008

Seven cases of congenital beingn isolated pulmonary stenosis are described. They have displayed a uniform clinical picture with the following principal features.

Normal physical development without signs of cyanosis or cardiac decompensation.

A prolonged, very loud systolic murmur over the pulmonary orifice.

Stenosis of the infundibular part of the pulmonary artery. This may be established by heart catheterization and in some cases by angiocardiographic visualization.

X‐ray findings: a bulging pulmonary arc and enlarged pulmonary arteries.

A moderate right axis deviation on the electrocardiogram.

The haemodynamics and differential diagnosis in these cases have been discussed.

Sept cas de sténose isolée de l'artère pulmonaire sont décrits. Nos cas ont montré les symptomes suivantes:

Developpement physique normal, sans signes de cyanose ou cle décompensation cardiaque.

Murmure systolique très bruyant et prolongé au niveau de l'orifice de l'artère pulmonaire.

Sténose de la partie infundibulaire de l'arthèe pulmonaire. Ceci peut se prouver par la cathétérisation du eæur et dans quelques cas par l'angiocardiographie.

Radiographie: un conus de l'artère pulinonaire bombé et des artères pulmoiaires dilatées.

Une petite déviation vers la droite de l'axe de l'électrocardiogramme.

Sieben Fälle angeboreiier gutartiger isolierter Pulmonal‐Stenose sind beschrieben. Sie zeigen folgende Merkmale:

Normale physische Entwicklung ohne Zeichen von Cyanose oder Herzdekompensation.

Ein verlängertes, sehr lautes systolisches Geräusch über der Pulmonalis.

Stenose cles infundibularen Teils der Arteria Pulmonalis. Das kann durch Katheterisierung des Herzens und in manchen Fällen durch Angiocardiographie festgestellt werden.

Röntgenbefund: Ausbuchtung und Vorwölbung des Conus Pulmonalis uiid Verbreiterung der Pulmonalarterie.

Das Elektrokardiogram zeigt eine mässige Deviation nach rechts.

Die Differentialdiagnose in diesen Fällen wird diskutiert.

Sumario

Se describen 7 casos de Estenosis Pulmonar congenita aislada. Nuestros casos presentaron un cuadro bastante uniforme de la enfermedad, con los siguientes razgos fundamentales.

Desarrollo fisico normal sin sintoinas ilc cianosis o descompensación cardiaca.

Un soplo sistolico muy fnerte y prolongado a nivel del orifieio de la arteria pulmonar.

Estenosis de la parte infundibular de la arteria pulmonar. Esto puecle establecerse por cateterización del corazon y en algunos casos por visualización cardiografica.

A los rayos X se encuentra un cono pulmonar saliente y ensanchado. En este respecto difieren estos casos considerablemente de la estenosis pulmonar de la tetralogia de Fallot, en la cual el contorno del cono pulmonar es roncavo y no se constatan pulsaciones.

Desviación moderada hacia la derecha del electrocardio. grama.
The X‐Ray Appearance of the Knee Joint in Obese Overgrown Children
Authors: Mossberg Hansolof
Published: January 2008

The skeleton in obese overgrown children is said by Czerny and Keller to be abnormally well developed. However, the overall early development of obese children has not been taken into consideration. By comparison with statistically‐treated normal material the author shows that the knee skeleton of obese children corresponds well with their overall early bodily development. Therefore there is no reason to emphasize the marked skeletal development of large fat children as something deserving attention.

Le squelette des enfants obèses et de grande taille a été décrit par Czerny et Keller comme anormalement développé. Cependant, le développement avant tout précoce des enfants obèses ne doit pas être pris en considération. Une comparaison avec un matériel normal étudié statistiquement nous montre, d'après l'auteur, que le squelette du genou des enfants obèses correspond bien à leur développement corporel, avant tout précoce. C'est pourquoi il n'y a pas de raison de mettre l'accent sur le grand dhveloppement squelettique des enfants gras, comme sur un fait digne d'attention.

Das Knochengerüst ist bei Kindern mit Adiposo‐Gigantismus, nach Angabe von Czerny und Keller abnorm stark entwickelt. Dennoch wurde die im allgemeinen frühe Entwicklung fetter Kinder nicht in Betracht gezogen. Durch den Vergleich mit statistisch bearbeitetem, normalem Material zeigt der Verfasser, dass das Knochengerüst von fetten Kindern ihrer im allgemeinen frühen körperlichen Entwicklung wohl entspricht. Daher besteht hier kein Anlass, die starke Entwicklung des Knochengerüstes bei Adiposo‐Gigantismus im Kindesalter als etwas besonders Bemerkenswertes zu betonen.

Sumario

Czerny y Keller opinan que el esqueleto de los niños obesos y de talla excesiva se encuentra anormalmente bien desarrollado. No se ha tenido en cuenta en estos niños obesos, el desarrollo precoz general. El autor muestra en un estudio estadístico cémparativo de material normal, que el esqueleto de la rodilla en los niños obesos, esta de acuerdo con su desarrollo precoz general somatico. Por eso no existe ninguna razón para considerar el buen desarrollo esqueletico de estos niños grandes y obesos, como algo que merezca atención especial.
How a Child Guidance Clinic Works
Authors: Nordlund Elsa‐Brita
Published: January 2008

The author tells how a child guidance clinic connected with a hospital (the Norrtull Hospital, Stockholm) functions.

Resume

L'auteur nous explique comment fonctionne une Clinique de Neuro‐Psychiatrie Infantile au sein d'un Hôpital (Hôpital Norrtull, Stockholm).

Die Verfasserin berichtet, wie eine Kinderfürsorge‐Klinik arbeitet, die an ein Krankenhaus aiigeschlossen ist (Norrtull Krankenhaus, Stockholm).

Sumario

El autor nos relata como funciona una clinica de higiene mental del niño conectado a un hospital de niños (Hospital Norrtull de Estocolmo).
On the Ability of Enuretic Children to Hold Urine
Authors: HALLMAN NIILO
Published: January 2008

The functional bladder capacity has been tested in 63 enuretics (45 boys and 18 girls) by endeavouring to get the children to hold their urine as long as possible. Among the eases there were no organic diseases, infections of the urinary passages, cases of debility or patients suffering from endocrine diseases. Compared with the control material (81 boys and 48 girls) the capacity of the bladder was generally lower in the enuretics, apart from a few exceptions.

La capacité fonctionnelle de la vessie a été examinée chez 63 enfants atteints d'énurésie (45 garçons et 18 fillettes) en s'efforçant d'obtenir des enfants qu'ils retiennent leur urine aussi longtemps que possible. Parmi les cas il n'y avait pas de maladies organiques, d'infections des voies urinaires, d'enfants faibles, ou souffrant de maladies endocriniennes. Comparée au matériel de contrôle (81 garçons et 48 fillettes) la capacité de la vessie était généralement plus faible chez ceux atteints d'énurésie, à part quelques rares exceptions.

Die funktionelle Kapazität der Blase wurde bei 63 Bettnässern (45 Knaben und 18 Mädchen) untersucht. Die Kinder sollten den Urin so lange wie möglich einhalten. Unter diesen Fällen wurden organische Krankheiten, Infektionen der Urinwege, Débile‐ oder Fatienten mit endokrinen Erkrankungen ausgeschlossen. Im Vergleich mit dem Kontrollmaterial (81 Knaben und 48 Mädchen) war die Kapazität der Blase, abgesehen von wenigen Ausnahmen, bei den Bettnässern geringer.

La capacidad funcional de la vejiga ha sido examinada en 63 enuréticos (45 muchachos y 18 muchachas) ensayando hacer retener a los niños su orina el mayor tiempo posible. Entre los casos no Había defectos orgánicos, infecciones de las vías urinarias ni débiles o pacientes sufriendo enfermedades endocrinas. Comparado el material de examen (81 muchachos y 48 muchachas) el resultado ha probado que la capacidad de la vejiga era generalmente más baja en los enuréticos, aparté de algunas raras excepciones.
A Case of Progeronanism (Progeria of Gilford)
Authors: MANSCHOT W. A.
Published: January 2008

The author gives further clinical description and a report of anatomic investigation of a case of progeronanism, already described by Schippers in 1916. The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland proved to be deficient in eosinophilic cells. This deficiency was demonstrated objectively by the method indicated by Rasmussen. Progeronanism should be regarded as a particular form of pituitary dwarfism combined with inadequate development of tissue derived from the mesenchyme.
Severe Hypoproteinemia, Probably Caused by Hepatic Damage
Authors: JONSSON BENGT J. , LAGERCRANTZ VIVEKA
Published: January 2008

A case of hypoproteinemia with severe edema is described, probably as the result of disturbed protein syntheses. Histology showed interstitial fibrosis of the liver.
Hypoplasia of the Mandible as a Cause of Respiratory Difficulties in the Infant
Authors: SJÖLIN STIG
Published: January 2008

Hypoplasia of the mandible in association with glossoptosis and often with palatoschisis is a not altogether unusual disease, often serious and probably not seldom overlooked. Of the 2 cases described here, the first one in particular is interesting. It shows the effect, in this case no doubt life‐saving, of a simple and logical therapy: the prone position and “orthostatic feeding”.
On Thrombosis in Children
Authors: MIETTINEN MAIJA
Published: January 2008

A short description is given of various venous and arterial thromboses occuring in children. The frequency of sinus thromboses and occlusion of the abdominal aorta, their aetiology and the clinical pictures are discussed and the literature on these conditions is surveyed. A report follows on a case of sinus thrombosis of the primary type in a 1 year and 10 months old infant and also on a case of total thrombosis of the abdominal aorta in a newborn infant, the aetiology of which was suspected to be umbilical sepsis, though this could not be proved.

On fait une brève description de différents thrombus veineux et artériels qui se sont produits chez des enfants. La fréquence de thrombus de sinus et d'occlusion de l'aorte abdominale, leur étiologie et leurs images cliniques sont discutées et on fait une étude des ouvrages publiés sur ces états. On fait ensuite un rapport d'un cas de thrombus de sinus de type primaire chez un enfant d'un an et 10 mois et aussi d'un cas de thrombus total de l'aorte abdominale chez un enfant nouveau‐né; dans ce dernier cas, on a supposé que la cause était une sepsis ombilicale, ce qui, cependant, n'a pas pu être prouvé.

Verfasser beschreibt kurz verschiedene venöse und arterielle Thrombosen bei Kindern und diskutiert näher die Frequenz, die Äthiologie und das klinisehe Bild der Sinusthrombose und der Occlusion der Aorta abdominalis. Ein Pall von primärer Sinusthrombose bei einem 1 Jahr 10 Monate alten Kind sowie ein Fall von totaler Thrombose der Aorta abdominalis bei einem Neugeborenen (umbilicale Sepsis?) werden beschrieben.

Se da un a breve descripción de diferentes trombosis venosas y arteriales producidas en niños. Se discute la frecuencia de trombosis de seno y de oclusión de la aorta abdominal, su etiología y sus imágenes clínicas, y se hace un estudio de las obras publicadas sobre taies estados. Después se hace una relación de un caso de trombosis de seno de tipo primario en un niño de un año y diez meses y también de un caso de trombosis total de la aorta abdominal en un niño recién nacido; en este último caso se supone que la causa fué un a sepsis umbilical, lo que, sin embargo, no ha podido probarse.
Chest Electrodes for Children
Authors: BENGTSSON ELIAS
Published: January 2008

The choice of electrodes for ECG chest leads in children is discussed, those in use for adults not being advisable. An elastic band covering the entire thorax, whereby electrodes of small diameter can be applied anywhere on the chest, is described.

On discute le choix des électrodes pour conducteurs de poitrine ECG pour enfants, ceux employés pour les adultes ne pouvant être recommandés. L'auteur décrit l'emploi d'une bande élastique couvrant tout le thorax, qui permet d'appliquer des électrodes de petit diamètre sur n'importe quelle place de la poitrine.

Die Elektroden von Ekg‐Brustleitungen für Erwachsenen sind für Kinder nicht geeignet. Es wird ein elastisches Band besehrieben, das den ganzen Thorax bedeckt, sodass kleine Elektrode an beliebiger Stelle fixiert werden können.

Se discute la elección de los electrodos de pecho para conductores ECG para niños, siendo irrecommendables aquellos empleados para adultos. El autor describe el empleo de una banda elástica que cubre todo el torax, lo cual permite aplicar electrodos de diámetro pequeño sobre cualquier lugar del pecho.
Exchange Transfusion as Treatment in Poisoning
Authors: Axtrup Sten
Published: January 2008

A description is given of 1 case of chloramine poisoning and 1 case of aniline poisoning, both in children whose lives were apparently saved by treatment with exchange transfusion.

Sten Axteup: Deux cas d'empoisonnement traités par exsanguino‐transfusion.

On rapporte un cas d'empoisonnement par la chloramine et un cas par l'aniline, l'un et l'autre chez dos enfants ramenés apparemment à la vie par une exsanguino‐transfusion.

Sten Axtrup: Vergiftungsfälle behandelt mit Austausch‐Transfusion.

Es werden je 1 Fall von Chloramin‐ und Anilinvergiftung beschrieben. Das Leben beider Kinder wurde augenscheinlich gerettet durch die Behandlung mit Austausch‐Transfusion.

Sten Axtrup: Dos casos de envenenamiento tratados con ex‐sanguino‐transfusión.

Se demuestra un caso de envenenamiento con cloramina, y otro con anilina, ambos en niños que, al parecer, se han salvado por medio de la ex‐sanguinotransfusión.
Acute Disseminated (Non‐Lipid) Reticuloendotheliosis
Authors: CHRISTIE AMOS , BATSON RANDOLPH , SHAPIRO JOHN , RILEY H. D. , LAUGHMILLER ROY , STAHLMAN MILLIE
Published: January 2008

In several publications Wallgren has dealt with problems related to storage diseases. In 1940 he advanced the idea that the so‐called acute reticulo‐endotheliosis bears close relationship to Schüller‐Hand‐Christian's disease and that these two maladies represent only different types of one and the same underlying disturbance. Since then this idea has gained wider acceptance. The eosinophilic granuloma has also become incorporated in the same syndrome. In the following paper some of the inherent problems are discussed in a clinical conference at the Vanderbilt Pediatric Clinic.
The Indications for the Exchange Transfusion in Morbus Hemolyticus Neonatorum
Authors: AMLIE RICH. , HAGELSTEEN H. , SALOMONSEN LEIF
Published: January 2008

Of 373 patients with morbus hemolyticus neonatorum due to Rh‐incompatibility, exchange transfusion was performed in 170 cases. In these cases the mortality was 4 per cent in the newborn period. Only 3 of 101 patients showed cerebral damage on later investigation. On account of the great therapeutic value of the exchange transfusion and because of the slight risk which this treatment involves, a more liberal attitude t o the method than has hitherto been practised is advised.
Malnutrition and Kwashiorkor
Authors: GÓMEZ FEDERICO , GALVÁN RAFAEL RAMOS , CRAVIOTO JOAQUÍN , FRENK SILVESTRE
Published: January 2008

1. Taking into account that only through the etiologic and pathogenic knowledge of a disease it is possible to attempt its correct interpretation, the authors have considered necessary to do a comparative study between Malnutrition and Kwashiorkor, as seen respectively in Mexico and in Africa.

2. A comparison is made of the clinical, biochemical, and histopathological pictures, analyzing the information at hand.

3. No fundamental reason was found from the clinical, the biochemical, or the histopathological points of view to consider Malnutrition and Kwashiorkor as two different processes.

4. We believe that there is no reason to add a new term to designate an old malady, for this would increase the confusion among physicians and research workers.

5. Malnutrition, or one of its many African equivalents (Kwashiorkor), has a multiple etiology, but its pathogenesis is always the same: deficient assimilation of adequate amounts of essential nutrients by tissue cells.

6. We propose that the term Malnutrition (Desnutricih in Spanish) be used in preference to all other known names, classifying the disease by degrees—first, second, and third—to differentiate the various clinical, functional, biochemical, and anatomo—pathological manifestations observed in children during the diverse stages of the disease.
Studies of Respiratory Physiology in the Newborn Infant: II. Observations during and after Respiratory Distress1
Authors: KARLBERG PETTER , COOK CHARLES D. , O'BRIEN DONOUGH , CHERRY RUTH B. , SMITH CLEMENT A.
Published: January 2008

An invitation to participate in this publication honoring Professor Wallgren confers no small distinction on any American pediatrician. It also imposes a high standard of scientific scholarship upon those so invited. The Harvard group working with newborn infants are more hopeful of meeting that standard because of the recent presence of one of Dr. Wallgren's own staff in our laboratory, a happy circumstance which has considerably increased the information we can contribute to this publication. Although we are submitting only a preliminary report of studies now in progress, the opportunity of presenting the data here was too tempting to be resisted by this international team of admirers of Professor Wallgren, C. A. S.
Recovery from Acute Infantile Non‐lipoid Reticulo‐endotheliosis (?Letterer‐Siwe Disease)
Authors: LIGHTWOOD REGINALD , TIZARD J. P. M.
Published: January 2008

1. A case of non‐lipoid reticulo‐endotheliosis involving lymph glands, bones and probably liver and spleen in a 5½ month boy is describes.

The boy made a complete recovery which did not seem to have been influenced by treatment. He is now nearly 7 years old and is well.

3. At no time did his identical twin exhibit any symptoms of the disease.
Acrodynia: Treatment with Adrenolytic Drugs
Authors: PETERSON J. C. , LAUGHMILLER ROY
Published: January 2008

1. Seven cases of acrodynia treated with 2‐Benzyl‐Imidazoline HCL (Priscoline) have been presented.

2. All but one of these patients obtained prompt sustained sympomatic relief.

3. One patient who relapsed following withdrawal of priscoline therapy responded to treatment with papaverine.
Marbling and Perinatal Anoxia
Authors: SYLVESTER PETER E.
Published: January 2008

The clinical histories and physical findings are presented of 3 mentally deficient boys, in each of whom there was a story of perinatal asphyxia due to circulatory obstruction of the umbilical cord, One child had a pulseless prolapsed cord, one had a pulseless cord due to a firm knot, and one had a pulseless cord due to the cord being tightly round the neck.

The pathological findings in the nervous system are described. All the 3 children had small brains. In 3, striking marbling of the thalami, the putamina and globi pallidi was seen. These 3 cases also had loss of nerve cells in the cortex insula and Ammon's horn. Gliosis was also present in the reticulated area of the substantia cular gliosis was increased. It was con‐ cluded from staining characteristics that damage in these areas had resulted in dense gliosis. In one child, damage to the thalamus and basal ganglia was present but to a less striking extent and multiple foci of gliosis were seen in the grey matter of the frontal and parietal cortex.

This work is a shortened form of an essay which was written for, and awarded a prize in, the South West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board's 1958 Competition for Research Reports.

I a m indebted t o Dr. L. Crome and Dr. B. H. Kirman, and other colleagues at the Fountain Hospital, for the help they gave me.
Diffuse Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis (Hamman–Rich Syndrome) in Infancy: Report of a Case with Histologic and Respiratory Studies
Authors: IVEMARK BIÖRN I. , WALLGREN C. GÖRAN
Published: January 2008

The case of a 7‐month‐old girl with diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis is reported. Signs of progressive respiratory distress with cough and cyanosis started at 1 month of age. Respiratory studies revealed a markedly decreased lung‐compliance, normal or slightly elevated residual lung volume and hyperventilation. There was marked arterial desaturation and this finding together with the respiratory dysfunction is considered typical of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and is well explained by the biopsy picture of marked collagenous thickening of the alveolo‐capillary septa.
Generalized Arterial Calcification Associated with Hydramnios in Two Stillborn Infants
Authors: IVEMARK BIÖRN I. , LAGERGREN CURT , LJUNGQVIST ARNE
Published: January 2008

Histologic, microradiographic and X‐ray crystallographic findings are recorded in two stillborn infants with idiopathic generalized arterial calcification, in one of which there was also nephrocalcinosis. The mineral salt deposits consisted solely of hydroxyapatite and was regarded as metastatic. In both cases there was hydramnios. Since 5 out of 7 known cases of neonatal idiopathic arterial calcification had hydramnios the possibility of a causal connection cannot be ruled out.
Remarks on the Morphology of Reticulo‐Histiocytic Cells
Authors: NORDENSON N. G.
Published: January 2008

In a biological sense the “reticuloendothelial” or reticulo‐histiocytic system seems to be fully accepted. The system has definite functional properties.

From a clinic morphological point of view the reticular nature of the cells has been denied since osmium and silver positive fibrils are lacking. However, this staining in cytologic work is technically not fully established and further investigations must be performed. On the contrary, many pathologists have under certain circumstances demonstrated osmium and silver positive fibrils in cells belonging to the “reticulo‐endothelial” system. The staining property is important but must be fully elucidated. At present, therefore, there is no sense either in criticizing the concept of a reticular cell or in changing the nomenclature. However, the term reticulitis ought to be avoided. Reticulopathy is attributed to a general engagement of the system, should this be of a symptomatic or of a primary type. Reticulosis is the malign affection of the system.

Cytologically the reticulo‐histiocytic system shows morphologically well defined cells with special properties and with specific reactions against irritation. If the genetic relation to hematopoiesis and to connective tissue can be demonstrated with the fibril stain, the specific reaction of the system might be better understood in greater tissue coherence.
Coxsackie B5 Infection Causing Serous Meningitis with Exanthema and Benign Pericarditis with Myocarditis in Two Siblings
Authors: STRÖM JUSTUS
Published: January 2008

A case of Coxsackie B infection, type 5, in two sisters, 5 and 14 years of age, is reported. The younger displayed serous meningitis and–an unusual finding–a maculous exanthema, which has previously been observed only in certain Coxsackie A infections. The elder sister had myalgic symptoms and pericarditis followed by myocarditis. Virological and serological tests proved the presence of the infection. Earlier observations, like the present case, suggest that infection particularly with Coxsackie B, chiefly type 5, is liable to be accompanied by pericarditis.
Diabetes Mellitus in Friedreich's Ataxia
Authors: THORÉN CLAES
Published: January 2008

In a clinical study of Friedreich's ataxia diabetes mellitus was found in nine of 50 typical cases. The mean age of the diabetes onset was 21.9 years and the clinical type was a severe ketosis‐prone diabetes. In 18 non‐diabetics an intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed. One of these cases was disclosed to be a prediabetes. The mean rate of glucose disappearance was normal. Serum lipid analysis showed a slight elevation in non‐diabetics and a higher in diabetics. The frequency of diabetes mellitus, including the prediabetic case, was 20%. Owing to the low age of the cases and as the glucose tolerance test was performed only in about half of the non‐diabetics, this figure was estimated to be lower than the total frequency in Friedreich's ataxia. A brief survey of the literature is given, and the aetiology of diabetes mellitus in Friedreich's ataxia is discussed. The marked frequency of a known heredity to diabetes in the diabetic cases lends support to the hypthesis of a genetic aetiology. The possibility of an interplay between the defective genes of the two diseases is assumed. The pronouncedly vegetative syndrome occurring in Friedreich's ataxia suggests the possibility of a central nervous factor, though this can hardly be a primary cause of the diabetes.
38. Infantile Lobar Emphysema
Authors: SÖDERLUND S. , ROBERTSON B. , BORLENGHI R.
Published: January 2008

Fourteen cases of infantile lobar emphysema are reported on. Operation was performed in all cases. No death occurred. The late prognosis was good. On follow‐up examination 1–10 years after operation there was no evidence of emphysema devloping in other lobes. The aetiology, diagnosis and indications for operation are discussed.
Glycogenosis Type 6 (Liver Phosphorylase Deficiency) A Case Followed for Ten Years, with Normal Phosphorylase Activity in White Blood Cells and Jejunal Mucosa
Authors: ÖCKERMAN P. A. , JELKE H. , KAIJSER K.
Published: January 2008

An account is given of a case of glycogen storage disease followed for more than 10 years, and shown to be of type 6 (deficiency in the activity of liver phosphorylase). The following observations are made:

1. In 1953, a t age 5, the patient exhibited massive hepatic enlargement, without coincident enlargement of the spleen. Hypercholesterolaemia and hyperlipaemia were present, but no tendency to hypoglycaemia. Histological examination of a liver biopsy specimen showed marked pathological changes, typical in every respect of glycogen storage disease.

2. Ten years later, a t age 15, all clinical symptoms had disappeared, and the liver was only slightly enlarged. The values for plasma cholesterol and total lipids were no longer increased, but free fatty acids tended to be high. Histological examination of a liver biopsy specimen showed nothing abnormal. On repeated biochemical and enzymic analyses of two separate liver biopsy specimens, the earlier diagnosis could, however, be verified. The disease could he typed, in view of a marked decrease in the activity of liver phosphorylase, together with a high, but not definitely pathological level of liver glycogen.

3. Administration of adrenalin elicited a definite response in blood glucose and plasma glycerol, as well as in free fatty acids.

4. An increased level of glycogen was recorded in red blood cells, as earlier reported in this type of glycogenosis.

5. In white blood cells and in jejunal mucosa, normal activity of phosphorylase was recorded. It is concluded that enzyme assays on white blood cells‐contrary to the state‐ ments of other authors‐and on jejunal mucosa are not a reliable means of diagnosing glycogenosis type 6.

The remarkable adaptation to the enzyme deficiency in this patient is stressed, although no explanation of it, based on experimental evidence, can be put forward a t present.
The Importance of Decalcification in the Treatment of Tuberculosis I. The Influence of Decalcification in the Course of Healing in Experimental Tuberculosis in Guinea pigs1
Authors: GIZA TADEUSZ , HANICKA MAGDALENA , JELONEK ADAM , KULIG ANDRZEJ , REMBIESOWA HALINA , GARAPICH MAREK
Published: January 2008

The authors have the opinion that hypercalcification of the morbid pulmonary tissue in destructive pulmonary tuberculosis impedes the requisite penetration by the therapeutic agents employed. Experiments were made on guinea pigs, one group receiving antibiotics together with chemical compounds of the EDTA type having a decalcifying effect, while a second group received calcifying agents as well as therapeutic drugs. For control, a third group was treated solely with streptomycin and isoniazid. Chemical, anatomicopathological and histopathological tests provided criteria for evaluation. The best therapeutic results were obtained in the group of decalcified animals.
Measles Vaccination V. The Booster Effect of Purified Hemagglutinin in Children Previously Immunized with this Product or Formalin‐Killed Vaccine
Authors: NORRB E. , LAGERCRANTZ R. , GARD S.
Published: January 2008

Two groups of children immunized at the age of 6 months to two years with three monthly doses of either formalin‐killed (FK) or Tween‐ether (TE) measles vaccine were submitted to clinical and serological follow‐up analysis up till 17 months after vaccination and then given a booster of TE vaccine of moderate potency.

Among 8 cases of clearcut exposure to measles before the booster 6 responded with mild clinical symtoms; 3 without and 3 with a faint rash. An increase in HI serum titer was recorded in 3 out of the 6 cases. All of them had received FK vaccine.

Between 11 and 17 months after vaccination no change in HI titers was demonstrable. After the booster the geometric mean HI titer increased 20 times in children primarily vaccinated with TE vaccine and 83 times in children given FK vaccine. In the pre‐booster serum samples only 75 antibodies were detectable, where‐as the post‐booster serum samples in addition to 75 antibodies contained 1 to 3% 19S antibodies.
Erythropoietin in Children I. Findings in Various Types of Anemia
Authors: OKCUOGLU AYHAN , JONES BARBARA
Published: January 2008

Erythropoietin assays were carried out on the plasma of 39 children with various blood dyscrasias. Increased erythropoietin activity was found primarily in those patients with depressed bone marrow function and severe anemia. No direct relationship could be found between the severity of the anemia and the erythropoietin level. No erythropoietin was found in the plasma of patients with hemolytic anemia or renal disease with the exception of one patient with bilateral Wilm's tumor.
Main Features of the Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: HALLMAN NIILO , NORIO REIJO , KOUVALAINEN KAUKO
Published: January 2008

Until now 85 patients with an evident congenital nephrotic syndrome have been recorded in Finland. The main features, incidence and etiology of CN are dealt with in this report.
Glucose‐6‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Female Heterozygoses and the X‐Inactivation Hypothesis
Authors: KATTAMIS CHRISTOS A.
Published: January 2008

The levels of G‐6‐PD activity in 75 female heterozygotes detected by pedigree analysis are reported, together with biochemical and genetic data of a pedigree in which a wide variation in G‐6‐PD activity was revealed in heterozygotes. The results strongly favour the hypothesis that one X‐chromosome is inactivated during early embryonic development in the human female, at least as far as the locus of G‐6‐PD is concerned.
Hypoglycaemia in Infantile Malnutrition
Authors: KERPEL‐FRONIUS E. , KAISER É.
Published: January 2008

The incidence, the clinical significance and the factors predisposing to hypoglycaemia were studied in 84 malnourished infants. Predisposing factors were young age, intestinal infections, extreme wasting of the body, the deficit in weight exceeding 25 % as compared to normal infants of the same length, and even brief periods of fasting. Older oedematous infants, if not extremely marasmic, were not hypoglyc‐aemic. Malabsorption of carbohydrate does not play a leading role in eliciting hypoglycaemia, since severe hypoglycae‐mia was also observed in cases in whom the ability to split disaccharides was preserved.

The prominent clinical symptoms at blood sugar levels between 25 and 0 mg/ 100 ml were pallor and apnoeic spells, while convulsions were exceptional. There was a prompt response to intravenous glucose, and recurring attacks were generally prevented by frequent feeding and by the administration of corticoids. Some cases exhibiting very low blood sugar levels remained asymptomatic. Fasting blood sugar levels were found to be of great prognostic significance.
FAMILIAL HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC VITAMIN D RESISTANT RICKETS
Authors: STICKLER GUNNAR B.
Published: January 2008

Survey of all available data of infants with familial hypophosphatemia vitamin D resistant rickets observed partially or throughout the first year of life indicates that hypophosphatemia begins in the neonatal period regardless of whether or not the mother had been treated with vitamin D in high doses. Growth failure in vitamin D resistant rickets cannot be prevented even when treatment with high doses of vitamin D is begun early.
HEREDITARY DEFECT OF THE SACRUM AND COCCYX WITH ANTERIOR SACRAL MENINGOCELE
Authors: COHN JØRGEN , BAY‐NIELSEN ERIK
Published: January 2008

Six familial cases of partial absence of the sacrum and the coccyx are described. Four had sacral ventral meningocele. There was a sex‐linked dominant inheritance. The diagnosis of the meningocele was established by myelography. The symptoms were constipation and incontinence of urine. Three patients also had recurrent infections of the urinary tract, and three had congenital anal stenosis.
RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS AND HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINAEMIC PURPURA IN A 10 YEAR OLD GIRL WITH ROENTGENOGRAPHIC SIGNS SUGGESTING MEDULLARY SPONGE KIDNEY
Authors: POPA M. , STÄNESCU V.
Published: January 2008

A 10‐year‐old girl presenting roentgenographic signs suggesting medullary sponge kidney, renal tubular acidosis and hypergammaglobu‐linaemic purpura is reported. The possible relationships between this conditions are discussed.
ACCIDENTAL ASPIRATION OF TALC
Authors: LUND JORGEN SWANE , FELDT‐RASMUSSEN MARGIT
Published: January 2008

A case of talc inhalation in a two‐year‐old girl with alarming clinical symptoms was successfully treated with steroids and artificial ventilation. In only one of four previously published cases the child survived.
CHILDHOOD HYPOGLYCAEMIA, AS A SEQUEL OF ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FOETALIS
Authors: DANKS D. M.
Published: January 2008

Hypoglycaemia is described in two siblings at seven months and 25 months of age, respectively. Both had suffered very severe erythroblastosis foetalis and it is suggested that the hypoglycaemia represents a late sequel of this disease. Erythroblastosis should be added to the list of conditions associated with hypoglycaemia in the newborn and also in older children. During the investigations an influence of the sight of food upon blood glucose levels was noted.
DIAGNOSIS OF SEVERE CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN INFANTS
Authors: BJÖRK L. , MICHAËLSSON M. , WENDEL H.
Published: January 2008

In a series of 103 consecutive cases of severe cardiac disease in infants the diagnostic value of clinical examination, electrocardiogram and conventional roentgen examination was found to be very limited. Emergency use of cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography is necessary to achieve a correct diagnosis in these patients.
INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION IN GENERALIZED HERPES SIMPLEX INFECTION OF THE NEWBORN
Authors: SHERSHOW LEE W. , EKERT HENRY , SWANSON VIRGINIA L. , WRIGHT HARRY T. , GILCHRIST GERALD S.
Published: January 2008

A case of disseminated herpes simplex virus infection in a newborn associated with a fatal bleeding diathesis is reported. The presence of intravascular coagulation was suggested by thrombocytopenia, fibrinogenopenia, and reduced Factor V level. At necropsy localized fibrin and platelet deposition was found in liver and lung. It is postulated that intravascular coagulation resulted from local tissue necrosis and the subsequent release of thrombo‐plastin‐like substances into the general circulation. Heparin therapy did not alter the fatal outcome.
Nickel effects on two maize (Zea mays) cultivars: growth, structure, Ni concentration, and localization
Authors: L'Huillier Laurent , d'Auzac Jean , Durand Monique , Michaud-Ferrière Nicole
Published: January 2008

The toxic effects of nickel on maize growth and structure and the accumulation and distribution of Ni in the plant were investigated. Two cultivars of maize, each with a different sensitivity to Ni, were grown on nutrient solution with different nickel concentrations for a period of 8 days. The sensitive and tolerant cultivars exhibited reduction in root and shoot growth with Ni concentrations greater than 20 μM and 40 μM, respectively. The toxic effects of nickel on the structure and ultrastructure of maize roots and leaves were studied by light microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. With 60 μM Ni, the sensitive cultivar showed a strong reduction in root mitotic activity (80%). Statoliths were absent in cells of the root cap, while leaves contained large amounts of starch in the chloroplasts of their bundle sheath cells. This suggests a decrease in carbohydrate transport between the leaves and the roots. The tissue localization of Ni by the dimethylglyoxim and silver sulphide methods showed important accumulation in the root apex and in the chloroplasts of the bundle sheath cells. These results suggest that Ni reduces maize growth by a reduction in root mitotic activity, probably because of direct action on the meristem. Starch accumulation in the leaves could come directly from a decrease in the root sink effect caused by the reduced mitotic activity or indirectly from an inhibition of carbohydrate transport. Keywords: maize, Ni toxicity, growth, Ni accumulation, Ni distribution, mitotic activity.
Growth dynamics and water uptake of two forest grasses differing in their growth strategy and potentially competing with forest seedlings
Authors: Collet Catherine , Frochot Henri , Guehl Jean-Marc
Published: January 2008

Growth characteristics and water uptake were compared on two forest grass species (Agrostis stolonifera L. and Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv.) to evaluate their potential competitive effects on young forest seedlings. The two grass species were grown in large containers under two watering regimes (regular irrigation that maintained the soil at field capacity or seasonal water stress). Spring regrowth occurred earlier in Deschampsia than in Agrostis. During the summer, under irrigated conditions, Agrostis had higher values of leaf and tiller appearance rates than Deschampsia. Under water-stressed conditions, leaf and tiller appearance rates decreased sharply for both species during the desiccation period, and regrowth was much more pronounced in Agrostis than in Deschampsia after rewatering. Observations of the root systems indicated that Deschampsia developed deeper roots than Agrostis. Despite these differences, evapotranspiration in the irrigated and in the dry treatments were similar for both grasses. In the water-stressed treatments, soil water potential decreased rapidly under both grasses and was slightly lower in Agrostis than in Deschampsia. Although the two grasses had similar soil water uptake, differences in the overall competitive effect of the two grasses on forest tree seedlings might appear because of differences in their phenology, their recovery from drought, and the development of their root system. Keywords: Agrostis stolonifera L., Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv., leaf appearance rate, tiller appearance rate, tiller site-filling index, root growth, evapotranspiration.
Litter decomposition in western red cedar and western hemlock forests on northern Vancouver Island, British Columbia
Authors: Keenan R. J. , Prescott C. E. , Kimmins J. P. , Pastor J. , Dewey B.
Published: January 2008

Litter decomposition and changes in N and organic chemicals were studied for 2 years in two forest types: old-growth western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarge) and 85-year-old stands of western hemlock and amabilis fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes) that developed after a major windstorm. We tested the hypothesis that lower rates of mass loss and different patterns of nutrient release in decomposing litter could explain lower nutrient availability in the cedar–hemlock type. Decomposition rate of a standard litter substrate, lodgepole pine needles, was almost identical in the two forest types indicating that each type had similar microenvironmental conditions for decomposers. Salal leaves had a lower lignin to N ratio and decomposed and released N more rapidly than the conifer litters. Among the conifers, cedar had poorer litter quality (higher lignin to N ratio), decomposed more slowly, and released considerably less N during the study. Cedar litter contributes to lower N availability in cedar–hemlock forests, but other factors, such as lower external N cycling and complexing of N with secondary carbon compounds during later stages of decomposition, are also likely to have a major influence on N availability. Keywords: Thuja plicata, Tsuga heterophylla, decomposition, litter quality, N cycling.
Effect of calcium and zinc ions on the sensitivity of peroxidase from mosses (Mniumsp.) and ferns (Polypodium vulgare) to high temperature
Authors: Bakardjieva N. T. , Christova N. , Christov K.
Published: January 2008

Incubation of peroxidase from Mnium sp. and Polypodium vulgare with calcium or zinc ions caused an activation or inhibition. The enzyme was thermostabilized. The pronounced effect of calcium is interpreted as the result of its established structural role in the enzyme molecule and the hypothesis that calcium maintains the peptide bonds around the active site. The individual peroxidase isoenzymes reacted differently to metal ions added and to increased temperatures. These results are important for characterization of metabolic response to environmental stress and can be used in biological monitoring. Keywords: peroxidase, enzyme thermosensitivity, mosses, ferns, calcium, zinc.
Les facteurs cliniques qui influencent le pronostic post-infarctus à un an
Authors: Robichaud-Ekstrand Sylvie
Published: January 2008

Many clinical factors influence the 1-year prognosis in myocardial infarction (MI) patients. The most important clinical determinants are the left ventricular dysfunction, myocardial ischemia, and complex ventricular arrhythmias. Some authors have found an independent prognostic value of complex ventricular arrhythmias, while others consider that ventricular arrhythmias predict future cardiac events only if associated with low ejection fractions. Other factors that have 1-year prognostic value are the following: a previous MI, a history of angina at least 3 months preceding the infarct, postmyocardial angina, and the criteria that indicate to the practitioner whether MI patients are medically ineligible for stress testing. There still remain controversies in regard to the predictive value of certain variables such as the site, type, and extension of the MI, the presence of complex ventricular arrhythmias, exercise-induced hypotension, ST segment elevation, and the electrical provocation of dangerous arrhythmias. Key words: cardiac rehabilitation, postinfarct mortality and morbidity, cardiac events predictors, postinfarct prognostic stratification