bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disseminated seronegative echinococcosis: difficulties of diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Mazurov Vadim I. , Gaidukova Inna Z. , Nochvay Elena E. , Petrova Marianna S. , Inamova Oksana V. , Mazurenko Sergey O. , Petrova Yulia A. , Bychkova Alexandra S. , Vorobyev Sergey L.
Published: January 2023

Disseminated seronegative echinococcosis, occurring with damage to soft tissues, bones and joints, is a rare variant of the course of helminthiasis, often associated with diagnostic difficulties, a high probability of complications and difficult treatment.
This article presents a case of disseminated seronegative echinococcosis, clinically and laboratory simulating a severe form of WeberChristian panniculitis complicated by sepsis. The advantages and disadvantages of serological and morphological studies in the verification of disseminated echinococcosis are discussed, as well as the feasibility of using repeated histological studies in cases of echinococcosis under the masks of rheumatic diseases.
Combination of peripheral blocks as a part of enhanced rehabilitation in total knee replacement: a prospective comparative open randomized study
Authors: Manevskiy Andrey A. , Sviridov Sergey V. , Builova Tatiana V. , Torpudzhiyan Margarita A. , Borzova Natalia U. , Tarbushkin Anton A. , Serebryakov Anton B. , Askerov Samir M. , Dzeytova Bella M.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND: The patients recovery after total knee replacement (TKR) is long and is associated several potentially serious complications. The optimal solution to this problem is the introduction of regional blocks of the lower limb into anesthesiologic practice, which can contribute to enhanced rehabilitation and fewer complications.
AIM: To perform a prospective comparative analysis of the anesthesia outcomes of patients who received a combination of prolonged femoral nerve blockade (CFNB) with catheter insertion and infiltration between the popliteal artery and capsule of the knee (IPACK), with the results in patients receiving prolonged epidural analgesia (PEA) as postoperative analgesia for TKR.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty patients were included and distributed according to the required planned surgical intervention (TKR). The duration of the inclusion period was 3 months (from March to May 2022). Patients were observed up to 48 h after surgery, with control points every 8 h. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (PEA, n=40) underwent subarachnoid anesthesia in combination with PEA, and group 2 (n=40) underwent subarachnoid anesthesia as a combination of CFNB and IPACK. To compare the groups, the following main indicators were used: severity of pain syndrome (visual analog scale [VAS], from 0 to 10 cm), muscle strength on the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, duration of patients stay in the intensive care unit, duration of hospitalization, and presence of postoperative complications.
RESULTS: The highest average score for VAS was recorded at 32 h in group 1, and it was 3.6 cm. The lowest average score for VAS (1.11.2 cm) was noted in the first 8 h and after 48 h in group 1. In group 2, this value was 0.91.5 cm in the first 16 h, and at 48 h, the pain syndrome was more pronounced in group 2, making up 2 cm on VAS. Compared with the PEA group, the CFNB group had statistically higher values of the indicators of the motor strength of the leg muscles on the MRC scale at all stages of the study. The PEA group stayed in the intensive care unit statistically significantly longer than the PBN group: 210 (189260) and 180 (154185) min, respectively (p 0.001).
CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the use of multimodal analgesia as a combination of CFNB and IPACK is a reliable anesthetic support for TKR, with an efficiency not inferior to classical epidural analgesia. The use of this combination of peripheral blockades contributes to the early activation and rehabilitation of patients after TKR.
Dynamic Characteristics of TAIPEI 101 Skyscraper from Rotational and Translation Seismometers
Authors: Chen Yaochieh , Guéguen Philippe , Chen Kate Huihsuan , Lin Chin-Jen , Ku Chin-Shang , Huang Win-Gee , Huang Bor-Shouh , Chen Kou-Cheng
Published: January 2023

Continuous data streams from translational and rotational seismometers installed in TAIPEI 101 enable monitoring of the natural frequencies on different time scales. Using the 2014 seismic data recorded on the 90th floor of this high-rise building and the meteorological data from a weather station located just 1 km away, we explored the characteristics and controlling factors of the ambient vibrations in TAIPEI 101. Using the random decrement technique, the three modal frequencies in translation were identified as 0.15 Hz (F1), 0.43 Hz (F2), and 0.78 Hz (F3). For rotation around the vertical axis, the modal frequencies were 0.23 Hz (R1), 0.59 Hz (R2), and 0.93 Hz (R3). In translation, TAIPEI 101 exhibits a trend of increasing modal frequency with increasing temperature but decreasing modal frequency with increasing wind velocity. The trend with temperature is reversed in rotation motion. The different frequency versus temperature relationship seen for rotational and translational motion demonstrates the importance of introducing rotational motion analysis into structural health monitoring. The change in modal frequencies were also found to decrease with growing amplitude. It is intriguing that F1 exhibits a weaker dependency with amplitude with respect to the higher modes, which may be associated with the suppression of F1 vibration caused by the damper installed in TAIPEI 101. Other than long-term (seasonable) variation, we also highlight the hourly variation of the first-mode amplitude throughout a day by comparing with weather and mobility data. Other than the atmospheric conditions that strongly influence the modal frequencies in long-term behavior, we found that human activities may play an important role in the short-term vibration characteristics of the building.
Deposición de láser pulsado de hidroxiapatita en Ti-6Al-4V producido por manufactura aditiva
Authors: Corredor Estefanía , González-Estrada Octavio Andrés , Ospina-Ospina Rogelio
Published: January 2023

En este trabajo, se estudiaron las propiedades mecánicas, composición química y la morfología superficial de recubrimientos de hidroxiapatita, depositados mediante deposición por láser pulsado sobre sustratos de Ti6Al4V fabricados por electron beam melting, variando la energía de deposición. Los ensayos de microindentación e indentación realizados de acuerdo con la norma ASTM E384-17, permitieron obtener valores de dureza y microdureza promedios. Para la evaluación de las propiedades del recubrimiento del sustrato se empleó microscopia electrónica de barrido, obteniendo así valores promedio de tamaño de formación de partículas de hidroxiapatita del recubrimiento. La composición química se obtuvo del análisis por espectroscopia de rayos X por energía dispersiva. Se evaluaron características importantes que indican la incidencia de los parámetros de deposición con respecto a las propiedades mecánicas, morfológicas y composición química del recubrimiento biocompatible sobre partes producidas mediante manufactura aditiva para su uso en implantes óseos.
Dynamic damping of vibrations of a solid body mounted on viscoelastic supports
Authors:   Tashkent state technical University Named after Islam Karimov, Safarov Ismoil , Teshaev Muhsin ,   Institute of Mathematics. V.I.Romanovsky
Published: January 2023

The study of the problem of damping vibrations of a solid body mounted on viscoelastic supports is an urgent task. The paper considers the problem of reducing the level of vibrations on the paws of electric machines using dynamic vibration dampers. For this purpose, the paw of electric machines is represented in the form of a subamortized solid body with six degrees of freedom mounted on viscoelastic supports. The aim of the work is to develop calculation methods and algorithms for studying the oscillations of the resonant amplitudes of a solid body mounted on viscoelastic supports. Dynamic oscillation (vibration) damping method consists in attaching a system to the protected object, the reactions of which reduce the scope of vibration of the object at the points of attachment of this system. Applying the D’Alembert principle, the equations of small vibrations of a solid with dampers are derived. For practical calculations, a simplified system of equations was obtained that takes into account only three degrees of freedom. Numerical calculations were carried out on a computer to determine the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the main body. Numerical experiments were carried out using the Matlab mathematical package. Considering that a solid body is characterized by vibration, as a rule, in a continuous and wide frequency range, therefore, dynamic vibration dampers are used to protect a solid body mounted on viscoelastic supports. It was found that when the damper is set at a frequency of 50 Hz, the vibration level at the left end of the frequency interval of rotary motion of the rotor-converter, decreases to 37.5 dB, and at the right end — to 42.5 dB. At a frequency of 50 Hz, the paws do not oscillate. When setting the dampers to a frequency of 51.5 Hz, the maximum vibration level does not exceed 40 dB. The optimal setting of the dampers is within the frequency of 50.60...50.70 Hz, and a two-mass extinguisher is 10–15% more efficient than a single-mass one. Thus, the paper sets the tasks of dynamic damping of vibrations of a solid body mounted on viscoelastic supports, develops solution methods and an algorithm for determining the dynamic state of a solid body with passive vibration of the object in question.
Procedure and Indian Children
Authors: Fletcher Neoshia R.
Published: January 2023

The transsubstantivity of the federal rules was meant to infuse equality into the civil litigation system. However, as this chapter contends, procedural justice is more important than mere procedural symmetry. Only those cases that are truly the same should be treated as such. This chapter highlights an example of procedural justice in the child welfare system: the procedural rules of the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (ICWA). This statute provides much-needed relief in state child welfare systems across the United States that fail to holistically account for historical and contemporary traumas of many Indian children and their families. The ICWA provides procedural features tailored to this population when dealing with foster care placements, guardianships, adoption, and more. For example, in response to the tragic history of federally sanctioned removal of Indian children from their families and communities and the consequent near cultural genocide for many tribes, the ICWA gives tribes original jurisdiction and the power to determine child placement outcomes involving Indian children. Moreover, while the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure are normally transsubstantive, they are superseded by those in the ICWA where applicable. These are just some of the ways in which the ICWA imposes procedural mechanisms that are more just for Indian children in child welfare proceedings. This chapter demonstrates how the ICWA has served as a model for child welfare in Minnesota, which has gone even further in its shift toward procedural justice.
Nigga Fu
Authors: Smalls Shanté Paradigm
Published: January 2023

This chapter argues that mainstream Hollywood film Berry Gordy’s The Last Dragon (dir. Michael Schultz, 1985) exposes a complex set of negotiations of fantasy, desire, masculinity, and power placed upon the figure of the Black martial artist film star. I argue that the appearance of Black martial artists in early hip hop film is a continuation of the Black male exile who must go “East” to locate his masculinity.
Conclusion
Authors: Smalls Shanté Paradigm
Published: January 2023

This chapter speculates on the future of hip hop by looking at its present to think through the (re)connections to the popular, the insurgent, and the unexpected queer aesthetics that occur in hip hop art forms. Drawing together the themes of the book, and focusing on the figure of Lil Nas X, I advocate a form of hip hop that eschews authenticity in favor of performativity, bricolage, and pastiche.
Introduction
Authors: Offit Anna
Published: January 2023

The introduction provides an overview of the book’s main argument, research methods, and chapters. It asserts that despite the lack of jury trials, when prosecutors describe how they do their jobs and what their jobs mean to them, jurors are everywhere. It is the figure and role of this “hypothetical” or “imagined” juror in the professional lives of prosecutors that is the subject of this book. The book contends that consideration of imagined juries is crucial in a time when social inequality, mass incarceration, and a global pandemic have prompted renewed scrutiny of how exactly laypeople do—or do not—play an active role in criminal adjudication.
Imagining the Jury
Authors: Offit Anna
Published: January 2023

This chapter argues that prosecutors deploy imagined jurors to assess the merits of their cases—including the quality of investigative techniques and credibility of witnesses—during every phase of their work. An effect of lawyers’ continual reference to imagined jurors is their explicit incorporation of what they perceive to be local knowledge and commonsense ideas about fairness into their decision-making processes. Though the study described in this book finds that this lay knowledge is rarely generated through firsthand encounters with actual jurors, it nevertheless animates formal and informal case evaluations and strategy meetings between assistant US attorneys.
Judging Character
Authors: Offit Anna
Published: January 2023

This chapter focuses on how prosecutors negotiate questions of character in their work. As it shows, they devote a great deal of effort to using stereotypes and propensity inferences to cast defendants and witnesses as untrustworthy and thus not credible. This is not a uniform process, however, and prosecutors appear to find it more challenging to discredit privileged actors with whom they relate. Character judgment is also a critical aspect of jury selection, where prosecutors look for signs as to whether a prospective juror can be “fair.” Finally, prosecutors have to contend with the defense’s attempts to undermine their case by casting victims as unreliable or even deserving of their treatment.
Compulsory Kinship
Authors: Reczek Rin , Bosley-Smith Emma
Published: January 2023

This chapter lays the groundwork for the key concept that underlies the book: “compulsory kinship.” The chapter explains what compulsory kinship is and describes its origins, its consequences for everyday family life in the United States, and how it operates in LGBTQ adult child–parent relationships. Drawing on sociological theory, “compulsory kinship” is defined as the taken-for-granted, invisible, yet pervasive set of sociocultural forces that make family relationships—and parent-child relationships specifically—primary, inevitable, natural, and enduring. The chapter situates this concept in existing research on US parenthood practices regarding minor children. It also provides an overview of existing research on LGBTQ people’s relationships with their parents.
The Rationale of Love and Closeness
Authors: Reczek Rin , Bosley-Smith Emma
Published: January 2023

The LGBTQ individuals who were interviewed for this book and their parents use three main socioculturally sanctioned rationales to explain why they maintain their parent-child ties. This chapter explores the first rationale of compulsory kinship used by some interviewees: love and closeness. These interviewees use culturally sanctioned platitudes of being close to, loving, and being loved by their parents to explain their persistent parent-child tie despite experiences of strain and discord. The chapter describes how love and closeness are supposed to guide our most important relationships, including those with our parents. But many relationships are more complex than this ideal. The chapter shows how LGBTQ adults remain in relationships with parents—something they feel they should do due to compulsory kinship—by emphasizing closeness and love over conflict and tension. By allowing people to draw on notions of closeness and love, even when there is evidence to the contrary, this rationale of compulsory kinship to keep parents and children together even though some LGBTQ people may be better off without this compulsory bond. Notably, few people who identify as men deployed this rationale, and white and Asian women in the sample used the illusion of love and closeness to explain their persistent relationships to parents.
Gender and Sexuality School
Authors: Reczek Rin , Bosley-Smith Emma
Published: January 2023

Chapter 6 explores the conflict work done by LGBTQ adults to make their parents more accepting through education. In this chapter, LGBTQ adults engage in extensive conflict work to deprogram parents who draw on discriminatory anti-LGBTQ beliefs. While most people in the sample used some form of education conflict work at some point in their lives, gender-expansive people take on the job of educator with their parents more than cisgender people. People of all the racial-ethnic groups captured in the study used sexuality and gender education in similar ways.
Conclusion
Authors: Reczek Rin , Bosley-Smith Emma
Published: January 2023

The conclusion argues that all families are embedded in a culture of compulsory kinship, but that LGBTQ young adults provide a case study of compulsory kinship’s operation given their unique and often marginalized position in the family. While people may think the persistent primacy of the parent-child tie is something to celebrate, the conclusion takes the position that compulsory kinship perpetuates long-term harm for many adult children. The parent-child relationship is so central to the organization and functioning of contemporary society that it is difficult to imagine an alternative. The conclusion stresses the importance of alternative ways of organizing society that don’t rely as heavily on the parent-child tie, offering ways to break free of compulsory kinship. It offers liberatory options rooted in Black, queer, and feminist communities that provide a way out of our reliance (and insistence) on the parent-child tie and families more broadly as it becomes clear that that reliance is inherently linked with broader inequality. While a new way forward is presented in the conclusion, this is done with the acknowledgment that it is incredibly difficult to untangle, or even question, the relationships between parents and their adult children.
Poetics of Mishearing
Authors: Davidson Michael
Published: January 2023

The opening chapter considers the vicissitudes of mishearing, both in social interactions and in various media. A key issue is the generative possibility of mishearing, from mondegreens and malapropisms to Joseph Grigely’s opera St. Cecelia based on lipread versions of familiar songs. Organizing the chapter is the idea of communication as a feedback loop in which a misheard utterance is passed back-and-forth between interlocutors, meaning endlessly deferred and transformed into new information. By thinking of communication as feedback rather than a conduit, this chapter makes an argument about the collaborative, shared nature of much communication, what “distributed voicing.” The chapter studies examples of communicational feedback where a misheard word or phrase becomes the core of a literary work.
Diverting Language
Authors: Davidson Michael
Published: January 2023

Chapter 5 begins by responding to the issue of poetic difficulty through the work of Jena Osman, whose long work Corporate Relations diverts the language of legal jurisprudence onto an investigative poetic work concerning free speech. The opening section frames the various meanings of difficulty as it differs from late modernist formulations of complexity and ambiguity established by the New Critics. The chapter then provides a close reading of the opening poem of Corporate Relations based on the Supreme Court decision in Citizens United that decided in favor of corporations claiming the legal status of individuals, thereby eliminating limits on contributions to political parties. The poem’s appropriation of legal language provides a recognizable verbal surface to the poem, but it also permits Osman to suggest links between aesthetic and social validity, between “diverting language” as pleasurable experience and “diverted language” as duplicitous and subversive. As my title suggests, she “diverts” the language of legal jurisprudence onto a lyric frame in order to explore the ways that the legal subject—persona ficta—replaces the one who speaks.
Missing Music
Authors: Davidson Michael
Published: January 2023

Chapter 6 looks at avant garde music from John Cage and David Tudor to La Monte Young, Pauline Oliveros, and Alvin Lucier to theoretical work in musicology that has questioned the limits of a sound-based music. The chapter also discusses the Romantic trope of the aeolian lyre in Shelley and Coleridge who wrote several poems about hearing the music of nature played by the wind across the strings of a small stringed instrument placed in the casement window. Later variants of the aeolian lyre by Catherine Yass and others provide contemporary, site-specific installations to re-enact this phenomenon. The second half of the chapter studies the work of artist and film maker Alison O’Daniel, whose epic film series The Tuba Thieves represents some of these issues from the artist’s deaf and hard-of-hearing perspective.
Afterword
Authors: Davidson Michael
Published: January 2023

The afterword brings the idea of distressing language into the present by looking at the rhetoric of the Trump administration in attempts to contain or dismiss the coronavirus pandemic. Many commentators agree that we live in a “post-truth” society in which scientific facts and discoveries are discounted, replaced by an ideology of personal liberty and self-interest. In the process, a debilitating disease—a disability—has raised prominently issues of who gets to speak, who is to be believed, and whether language can adequately define what some are calling “the invisible enemy.” Another way of looking at the ways language contains and produces disease is found in Georges Canguilhem’s The Normal and the Pathological which treats disease as a normal component of biological development. The pathological is not a “fall” from normalcy but a component of normal biological functioning.
Introduction
Authors: Chouliaraki Lilie , Georgiou Myria
Published: January 2023

The introductory chapter develops a theory of the digital border as an interdisciplinary conceptual tool that captures boundary-drawing processes through technologies of mobility control (the territorial border) and through representation of migration on social media and mass media (the symbolic border). Setting the spatial and temporal context for the digital border in the European migration “crisis” and post-“crisis” (2015–20), the chapter proposes a processual epistemology of the digital border as techno-symbolic assemblages and outlines a tripartite conceptual framework for the analysis of its territorial and symbolic dimensions: networks of mediation, focusing on how the techno-symbolic resources of the border are organized across space (on-location and online); dialectics of resistance, highlighting the spaces that these resources enable migrants to challenge the effects of border power; and trajectories of historicity, describing how the border’s regimes of power emerge and change in time (in the context of “crisis” and post-“crisis).
Subaltern Voice and Digital Resistance
Authors: Chouliaraki Lilie , Georgiou Myria
Published: January 2023

Chapter 6 moves across the temporality of “crisis” and post-“crisis,” 2015–20, to examine the representation of migrants no longer as silent figures but as speaking subjects that use digital spaces of publicity to connect with their own communities as well as with western audiences. Through an analysis of four Europe-wide institutional and grassroots online initiative, the chapter illustrates the potential of migrants as “subaltern” actors to unsettle, at least briefly, the symbolic border and its binaries of inside/outside and to tell their own stories of suffering and defiance and civic participation. As these network diversify over time, the chapter further reveals how migrant subalterity is mobilized in different and sometimes competing projects of voice: subordinating this voice to official discourse and so denying recognition to migrants (in governmental sites) or enabling it to speak in its own terms and so claiming an autonomous identity (in grassroots ones).
Quantum Measurements and Their Place in Nature
Authors: Broka Chris
Published: January 2023

A variant of the von Neumann-Wigner Interpretation is proposed. Problems arising from the quantum Zeno effect are addressed as we have described previously. We do, however, offer some new, and perhaps unexpected observations. We are accustomed to thinking of wave function collapse as occurring consequent to laboratory measurements. We speculate that, whatever physical correlate of consciousness exists within the brain, it is quantum mechanical in the sense that a brain, left to itself, would eventually decohere into a state no longer compatible with its conscious functioning. Wave function collapse returns it to a state compatible with consciousness. Indeed, this may be its important reason for occurring. A universe without it simply could not play host to conscious brains. The fact that it also prevents us from encountering "absurd" situations in the laboratory is merely a fortunate dividend. Whenever a quantum measurement is made the universe's future history splits into a number of possibilities. This number may be very large or infinite. And we believe consciousness plays a vital role in this happening. A "conscious" universe where quantum measurements are being made allows for an enormous number of equally acceptable world-histories. An "unconscious" one, always evolving in a unitary fashion, allows for only one. If we assume that the decision as to which worldhistory is the real one (i.e. this one) is made at random we see that the universe is overwhelmingly more likely to be "conscious" than not.
Lessons Learned from Experimental Drone Application to Develop a UAV-to-BIM Curriculum for Construction Engineers
Authors: Moon Seojin , Ock Jongho
Published: January 2023

A drone performs comparable function to a laser scanner in the construction quality monitoring, following Scan-to-BIM process. Both technologies digitally capture the as-is environment into the computer and the data captured is transferred to a BIM world to create accurate as-built models. Although the laser scanner is the dominant method of the Scan-to-BIM process, a number of digital professionals point drawbacks of the method and present the drone is an alternative that can improve the drawbacks thereby leading to UAV-to-BIM process in parallel with the Scan-to-BIM. Korean construction industry plans to utilize the two technologies for monitoring construction operation quality in major public projects by 2025. While contractors need competent engineers to be competitive in the projects, the two technology applications are not so popular to the construction projects in Korea and very few experts skillful and knowledgeable of the technologies are available. Korean universities are requested to develop the curriculum of the technologies for the contractors. To be successful in progressing the curriculum, it is very essential to implement a preliminary study with the technologies minimizing the potential failure in operating the curriculum later on. This study performs empirical research on the technologies and identify valuable lessons beneficial to develop the UAV-to-BIM curriculum for the construction engineers.
The Indonesian Sharia Capital Market in Shock Covid-19: Global Market Interaction
Authors: Habibi Ahmad , Normasyhuri Khavid , Anggraeni Erike
Published: January 2023

Covid-19 has caused problems, including the global Islamic capital market. The rapid and extraordinary development of Covid-19 has rocked sharia investment in Indonesia. This study looks at the interaction of the global Islamic stock market with the Indonesian Islamic stock market, namely the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII), in the Covid-19 shock. Data is collected from within the global Islamic capital market sourced from the Dow Jones Islamic Market World Index, and the Indonesian Islamic capital market is sourced from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). They are generalizing the research period carried out during the covid-19 period starting from March 2020 to November 2022. This research used several stages of the Cointegration Test, Granger Causality Test, IRF (Impulse Response Function) Test and Forecasting Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) Test. The study results show that the global Islamic stock market has had a significant impact on the Indonesian Islamic stock market both in the short and long term in the era of the covid-19 shock.
Zeno’s Paradoxes and the Quantum Microworld: What Do Paradoxes Mean
Authors:   HSE University, Karpenko Ivan A.
Published: January 2023

The article discusses the new approaches to the four Zeno’s Paradoxes: “The Ar­row”, “The Achilles”, “The Dichotomy” and “The Moving Rows”. Paradoxes are analyzed in relation to the current research in the field of elementary particle Physics and promising areas of the quantum theory of gravity development. Pro­vided with the necessary philosophical interpretation Physics concepts are used to clarify Zeno’s Paradoxes and to search for answers to them. The involvement of modern approaches is shown to be ineffective in solving the paradoxes due to their scope losses when analyzed by the microworld Physics on ultra-small scales. The work’s main part is devoted to demonstrating this circumstance – the questions posed by paradoxes are deprived of the possibility of getting the answers (at least, in their classical interpretation). As a possible explanation stands the ground of mixing the properties of the macroworld and the microworld in the paradoxes statements (which is historically justified given the intuitive homogeneity of big and small, and the origin of non-classical Physics – quantum mechanics – only in the 20th century), meaning the transition from observation of the large physical objects to the infinitely small in terms of discreteness and continuity. However, the principles of space organization on ultra-small scales are beginning to be clarified in general terms only now, and, perhaps, these prin­ciples may turn out to be quite far from classical ideas on fundamental physical reality.
Semantics and Metasemantics in the Brentano School
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mironov Dmitry G.
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes a semantic theory proposed by the main representatives of the Brentano School and clarifies the characteristic features of the Brentanist philosophy of language. The first section identifies the specificity of Brentano’s functional approach to language, and separately examines how Brentano de­fined the communicative meaning of expressions. The second section reproduces the scheme in accordance with which A. Marty studied language communica­tion, and also discusses in detail his method of descriptive analysis of meanings. On the example of the doctrine of the inner linguistic form, it is shown what in­fluence descriptive psychology had on semantic research. On the example of the doctrine of the judgmental content it is demonstrated how Marty explained the representative properties of expressions. In the third section, A. Meinong’s semantic theory is reconstructed. It is discussed how Meinong interpreted the se­miotics of E. Martinak and how he approached the issue of defining the concept of meaning. The problem of the unity of sentences is particularly analyzed and Meinong’s solution is reproduced. It is shown what changes Meinong made to the theory of meaning, and what influence the theory of incomplete objects had on his semantic doctrine. The interpretation and evaluation of Meinong’s late semantic theory is proposed. Finally, in the fourth section, E. Husserl’s the­ory of meaning is analyzed. It is shown that Husserl distinguished several senses of the concept of meaning and considered the main sense to be the one that al­lows identifying the concept of meaning with the concept of content. The clarifi­cations made by Husserl to the thesis of the ideality of meanings are discussed. It is demonstrated that the new concept of meaning analysis associated with the clarified thesis makes it possible to evaluate Husserl's semantic theory as more universal than Meinong’s theory.
Reflections on the Russian Translation of A.M. Turing’s Paper “On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem”
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Shangin Vasily O.
Published: January 2023

We draw the readers’ attention to reflections on the first Russian translation of Alan Turing’s paper “On computable numbers, with an application to the Ent­scheidungsproblem” which became a classic paper on computability theory and artificial intelligence philosophy a long time ago. We highlight a longstanding tradition to incorrectly translate three pairs of terms (calculate/compute, define/​determine, and scan/observe) which play an important role for Turing. We show that the target tradition is justified by two factors: the logical and proof-computa­tional aspects of the paper are dominant over its linguistic one and an ongoing development of Turing’s ideas has been making obsolete Turing’s original expo­sition and hence its traditional translations into Russian. By proposing our vari­ants of translating for some of the above mentioned terms or by making com­ments on the traditional ones, we try to preserve the original Turing pathos in a Russian translation rather than break the said tradition down. We propose an additional argument in favor of the permanent relevance of the paper by trans­lating the informal description of the problem P vs NP which is said to be one of the central problems in modern science.
The Greatness of the Prophet and Exile. About My Conversations with A.A. Zinoviev
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dolgov Konstantin M.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to one of the most outstanding and serious Soviet and Russian philosophers – A.A. Zinoviev, with whom the author got acquainted as early as in 1950-s, being a student of the faculty of philosophy at Moscow State University when A.A. Zinoviev, E.V. Ilyenkov and other post-graduate students and professors were some sort of masterminds, thought leaders. The author chanced to study and work with these talented scientists at the department of dialectical materialism in the Institute of philosophy, USSR Academy of Sciences, and since then they were his closest friends and teachers until their death. The author reveals the depth and universality of A.A. Zinoviev’s philosophical views, political and cultural ideas, his uncompromising attitude to erroneous ideas and trends of political and ideological leaders of that time, as well as pro-Western writers and artists. Unlike the latter case A.A. Zinovev, while criticizing significant theoretical and practical shortcomings of the Soviet regime, remained the true patriot of his country and its people in all the periods of his life: before his exile, during the exile and after coming back come. The author reveals A.A. Zinoviev’s many-sided, prophetical talent of a philosopher, logician, writer, essayist, critic, his fearlessness and courage in his striving and fighting for truth, freedom, justice and genuine democracy.
Phenomenology of Religion and Cognitive Religious Studies
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Samarina Tatiana S.
Published: January 2023

The phenomenology of religion and cognitive religious studies are perceived in scientific circles as two fundamentally different strategies for studying religion, since the reductionist basis of cognitive religious studies does not agree with the anti-reductionism of the phenomenological tradition. Despite this difference, the article substantiates the idea that these traditions have intersections, the pres­ence of which helps to take a fresh look at the study of religion in the past and present. Firstly, it is the place that both programs occupy in religious studies, their claim to be key strategies for understanding religion as a whole. Secondly, it is a common philosophical basis: both traditions ideologically go back to the basic principles of Kantian epistemology. Thirdly, it is evolutionism, the whole system of argumentation of cognitive religious studies is explicitly based on it, implic­itly it is present in all classical theories of phenomenologists of religion. Fourth, a two-process model that asserts the existence of two cognitive processes that generate two corresponding levels of religious life: intuitive and reflexive. The presence of these intersections allows to consider the logic of the study of re­ligion in a different way: the difference of research strategies on the principle of reductionism/anti-reductionism is not sufficiently heuristic. It is concluded that the commonality of ideas about the two levels of religion, shared by both tradi­tions, confirms that phenomenologists and cognitive scientists, moving in com­pletely different ways, apparently discovered a fundamental feature of the “hu­man” dimension of religious life.
Bogdanov, Pragmatism, and the Future of Systems Thinking and Cybernetics
Authors:   Centre for Systems Studies, University of Hull, Jackson Michael C.
Published: January 2023

The paper considers general system theory, cybernetics, and other systems ap­proaches and argues that later systems thinking and cybernetics (systems/cyber­netics) can be seen as a part of the same tradition of thought. There is a prima facie case, therefore, the philosophy of Bogdanov and the Pragmatists can bring unity to the systems movement. Further, it can equip systems thinkers to participate more fully in the major intellectual debates of today. The paper shows the reso­nance of Bogdanov’s ideas with the basic philosophical foundations for the forma­tion and development of systems thinking and cybernetics. Wiener, usually seen as representative of first-order cybernetics, reaffirmed the importance of Bogdanov’s concept of the biregulator. In terms of second-order cybernetics, there is a similar­ity between Bogdanov’s thinking and “constructivism”. Bogdanov’s work is also associated with the concepts of autopoiesis and self-organization. Lepskiy’s pro­posed paradigm of third-order cybernetics, with its emphasis on social values in a self-developing environment, is in tune with the writings of Bogdanov and Dewey. Bogdanov, in his Tectology aimed to demonstrate how the most compli­cated organizational questions faced by humankind could be answered. The paper concludes that the self-conscious embrace of that philosophical tradition, together with its own methodologies and models, can help of the cybernetic movement turn the vague aspirations into the reality of a better future on Earth.
Digital Humanities and Distant Reading Concept by Franco Moretti
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kedrova Marina O.
Published: January 2023

The article provides an outline of the prospects for the development of the digital humanities in the context of the work of the Italian-American literary theorist and sociologist Franco Moretti (b. 1950). Moretti’s methodology is given the most at­tention, it is presented as a complex of interrelated methods. The theory of cul­tural evolution, world-systems analysis, cultural geography, computational criti­cism of the digital humanities and distant reading are considered in detail. Moretti takes literary forms as an analogue of biological species and shows what cultural niches they occupy, how certain forms survive, how they interbreed with each other, how “unadapted” forms die off and what influences all these pro­cesses. Modern technologies make it possible to work with big data, and this provides new material for research (quantitative aspect), and also changes the ob­ject of research (qualitative aspect). Using cartographic and statistical methods, as well as the method of world-system analysis, Moretti shows that the study of world literature becomes the study of the struggle for symbolic hegemony in the world. The world-system approach in relation to literature and, more broadly, to culture as a whole makes it possible to understand exactly how the unity of world literature is combined with its unevenness and heteroge­neity. Therefore, the researcher’s field of vision includes not only established cultural forms (canon), but also what has been discarded by cultural evolution (the “Great Unread”), and this significantly changes the entire cultural picture of the world. Distant reading problematizes the value of the literary canon, strives for the maximum and exhaustive coverage of the corpus of texts.
A Treatise by V.V. Rozanov’s On Understanding: In Search of Wholeness
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Glebov Oleg A.
Published: January 2023

The problem of wholeness retains its relevance for philosophical knowledge. Re­lativism and pluralism, associated with the development of individual scientific branches, generates the problem of multiple descriptions of the world. The con­sequence of this is the impossibility of understanding, the condition of which is wholeness. In modern philosophy this problem is considered in the context of two approaches, the bases of which are contradictory – rational and existen­tial. For Russian philosophy the problem of wholeness is the key one, and its solution is carried out through the existential approach. This approach is demon­strated by the philosophical treatise “On Understanding” by V.V. Rozanov. At the same time, researchers of Rozanov’s early work note the combination of rational and existential approach in his treatise. In our opinion, a conceptual reconstruc­tion of Rozanov’s doctrine can change and enrich the perspective of considering the problem of wholeness. This article is devoted to identifying the philosophical innovations that V.V. Rozanov in his treatise “On Understanding” contributes to the study of the problems of wholeness within the framework of Russian philosophy. The author raises the question of how Rozanov enriches the prob­lematic of wholeness in the Russian tradition, and how he managed to synthesize the rational and existential approach in the context of this problem. To achieve this goal the author shows how the problem of wholeness is revealed in the doc­trines of “sobornost” and “living knowledge” of the Slavophiles, the concept of “all-in-oness” and the true “sobornoe” knowledge of V.S. Soloviev, the philo­sophy of “sobornoe soznanie” and the authentic “soznanie” of S.N. Trubetskoy. The author makes a conceptual reconstruction of Rozanov’s doctrine of under­standing in the aspect of the problems of wholeness. The thesis is defended that in the existential approach to the problem of wholeness, typical of Russian philosophy, Rozanov inconsistently integrates a rational moment, describing the mechanism of the appearance of ideas through the registration of being by the ideas of reason.
The Beginnings of Second-Order Cybernetics
Authors:   The George Washington University, Umpleby Stuart A. , Medvedeva Tatiana A. ,   Siberian State University of Transport
Published: January 2023

The article discusses the emergence of second-order cybernetics based on work in experimental epistemology and the study of the nervous system, as well as the emergence of a new understanding of the cognitive process. Studies have shown that it is necessary to include a scientist-observer in the descrip­tion of a system, since his or her specific characteristics and subjective world­view can influence the result of observation. The authors give examples of neurophysiological experiments that served as the basis for the conclusion that knowledge is a biological phenomenon, that each individual constructs his own “reality”, which is consistent with the world of sensory experience, but is not identical to it. There are two ways of understanding cybernetics of higher orders. The first approach emphasizes that higher orders of cybernetics can be based on the introduction of additional dimensions (for example, second-order cybernetics relies on neurophysiology, third-order cybernetics takes into ac­count data from sociology and political science, fourth-order cybernetics uses data related to the environment and social responsibility). The second ap­proach is based on the opinion that there is no need for cybernetics of higher orders beyond second order cybernetics, since the observer himself can deter­mine any system of interest to him (for example, a group within an organiza­tion, a society or the environment) and create any number of additional de­scriptions (H. von Förster). The authors of the article come to the conclusion that second-order cybernetics offers a higher conceptual level, drawing atten­tion to the scientist (observer). Second order cybernetics leads to second order science. It points to a suitable epistemology for an information society. The in­clusion of the scientist (observer) in observations changes the epistemological foundation of science.
Philosophical and Methodological Foundations Post-non-classical Third-Order Cybernetics
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lepskiy Vladimir E.
Published: January 2023

The article presents a philosophical and methodological analysis of the evolu­tion of paradigms of cybernetics of the first, second and third-order. We used N. Bohr’s principle of correspondence, established in physical science, the ideas of scientific revolutions by T.S. Kuhn, J. Holton’s ideas about the use in new paradigms of cross-cutting thematic structures as peculiar trajectories of the historical development of science, as well as M. Polanyi’s ideas about the influence of personal knowledge of creators on the content of new scien­tific paradigms. An analysis of three examples proposed by third-order cyber­netics allowed us to conclude that they set particular directions of develop­ment, but cannot claim to be a qualitatively new step in the development of cybernetics, the transition to third-order cybernetics, which would include both private paradigms of first and second-order cybernetics. For the philo­sophical and methodological basis for the formation of new paradigms of cy­bernetics, we propose a construction of three types of scientific rationality (V.S. Stepin), which meets the requirements of the N. Bohr’s principle of cor­respondence and the criteria of T.S. Kuhn. From these positions, the article substantiates the correctness of the formation of post-non-classical cyber­netics of self-developing poly-subjective (reflexive-active) environments in which there are three stages of development of subjective paradigms, basic philosophical approaches, objects of control, control mechanisms, types of observers, activity and subjectness approaches, basic types of reflexion, ethi­cal regulators, ideas about information and knowledge, subjects and pseudo-subjectness of digital transformation and artificial intelligence, disciplinary scientific approaches. The presented logic of development gives arguments that post-non-classical cybernetics has grounds to be cybernetics of the third order.