bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atropselektive Silylierung von 1,1′‐Biaryl‐2,6‐diolen mittels chiraler gegenaniondirigierter Desymmetrisierung und anschließender Verbesserung durch kinetische Racematspaltung
Authors: Zhu Min , Jiang Hua‐Jie , Sharanov Illia , Irran Elisabeth , Oestreich Martin
Published: May 2023

Es wird über eine desymmetrisierende Silylierung von aromatischen Diolen berichtet. Die zuvor unbekannte asymmetrische Silyletherbildung von Phenolderivaten wird mit der List'schen gegenaniondirigierten Silylierungsmethode erreicht. Ein silyliumionartiges Siliciumelektrophil, welches aus der Paarung eines Allylsilans und eines Imidodiphosphorimidats (IDPi) hervorgeht, erlaubt eine enantioselektive Unterscheidung von achiralen 1,1′‐Biaryl‐2,6‐diolen. Die Enantioselektivität dieser Desymmetrisierung wird zusätzlich durch eine nachgeschaltete kinetische Racematspaltung verbessert, indem das monosilylierte Mindermengenenantiomer in das entsprechende, abermals achirale bissilylierte Diol überführt wird.
In‐Situ Integration of a Hydrophobic and Fast‐Zn2+‐Conductive Inorganic Interphase to Stabilize Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Liu Mengyu , Yuan Wentao , Ma Guoqiang , Qiu Kaiyue , Nie Xueyu , Liu Yongchang , Shen Shigang , Zhang Ning
Published: May 2023

The irreversible issues of Zn anode stemming from dendrite growth and water‐induced erosion have severely hindered the commercialization of rechargeable aqueous Zn batteries. Herein, a hydrophobic and fast‐Zn2+‐conductive zinc hexacyanoferrate (HB‐ZnHCF) interphase layer is in situ integrated on Zn by a rapid room‐temperature wet‐chemistry method to address these dilemmas. Different from currently proposed hydrophilic inorganic cases, the hydrophobic and compact HB‐ZnHCF interphase effectively prevents the access of water molecules to Zn surface, thus avoiding H2 evolution and Zn corrosion. Moreover, the HB‐ZnHCF with large internal ion channels, strong zincophilicity, and high Zn2+ transference number (0.86) permits fast Zn2+ transport and enables smooth Zn deposition. Remarkably, the resultant HB‐ZnHCF@Zn electrode delivers unprecedented reversibility with 99.88 % Coulombic efficiency over 3000 cycles, realizes long‐term cycling over 5800 h (>8 months, 1 mA cm−2) and 1000 h (10 mA cm−2), and assures the stable operation of full Zn battery with both coin‐ and pouch‐type configurations.
Linear Adsorption Enables NO Selective Electroreduction to Hydroxylamine on Single Co Sites
Authors: Zhou Jin , Han Shuhe , Yang Rong , Li Tieliang , Li Wenbin , Wang Yuting , Yu Yifu , Zhang Bin
Published: May 2023

Hydroxylamine (NH2OH), a vital industrial feedstock, is presently synthesized under harsh conditions with serious environmental and energy concerns. Electrocatalytic nitric oxide (NO) reduction is attractive for the production of hydroxylamine under ambient conditions. However, hydroxylamine selectivity is limited by the competitive reaction of ammonia production. Herein, we regulate the adsorption configuration of NO by adjusting the atomic structure of catalysts to control the product selectivity. Co single‐atom catalysts show state‐of‐the‐art NH2OH selectivity from NO electroreduction under neutral conditions (FE
: 81.3 %), while Co nanoparticles are inclined to generate ammonia (FE
: 92.3 %). A series of in situ characterizations and theoretical simulations unveil that linear adsorption of NO on isolated Co sites enables hydroxylamine formation and bridge adsorption of NO on adjacent Co sites induces the production of ammonia.
Characterizing the temperature and strain rate dependent tensile strength of amorphous polymer by a theoretical model
Authors: Li Ying , Lu Yanchen , Li Weiguo
Published: May 2023

The temperature and strain rate dependent (TSRD) tensile strength of polymer closely concerns the service safety in wide temperature range and dynamic load. In this study, based on the decoupled modeling method, a theoretical model of TSRD tensile strength of amorphous polymer was established. The model quantifies the relationship between the TSRD tensile strength, Young's modulus, heat capacity, glass transition temperature and melting temperature of amorphous polymer. The model predictions demonstrated an excellent consistency with the experimental data. Furthermore, the influencing factors analysis regarding the TSRD tensile strength were conducted. This study contributes a theoretical method to conveniently predict the TSRD tensile strength of amorphous polymer, and would be helpful to the evaluation and application of polymer in extreme conditions.
The Interplay of Magnetism and Thermoelectricity: A Review
Authors: Liu Shuo , Chen Mengzhao , Fu Chenguang , Zhu Tiejun
Published: May 2023

The introduction of magnetism into a solid material might significantly modulate its electronic transport behavior, thereby serving as a means to tune the thermoelectric properties that have attracted considerable research attention in recent years. In this review, an introduction to recent studies on the interplay of magnetism and the thermoelectric Seebeck and Nernst effects is given. Concerning the Seebeck effect, the influence of superparamagnetic nanoparticles on the electronic and phonon transport of conventional nonmagnetic thermoelectric materials, as well as the spin‐related thermoelectric transport phenomenon in magnetic materials, are discussed. Then, the Nernst effect‐related transverse thermoelectric transport properties in nonmagnetic and magnetic topological materials are summarized, followed by a short introduction to the Nernst devices. Last, a further outlook on this new research direction is offered.
Quantification and attribution of ocean cooling induced by the passages of typhoons Faxai (2019) and Hagibis (2019) over the same region using a high‐resolution ocean model and cooling parameters
Authors: Iida Koki , Fudeyasu Hironori , Tanaka Yuusuke , Iizuka Satoshi , Miyamoto Yoshiaki
Published: May 2023

This study quantitatively evaluated the typhoon‐induced sea surface temperature (SST) cooling caused by typhoons Faxai (2019) and Hagibis (2019) using a high‐resolution ocean model and the cooling parameter (Co). Faxai and Hagibis both passed over the ocean south of the eastern part of the Japanese main island, but the associated average SST decreases differed. Faxai produced a decrease of less than 2°C, whereas Hagibis produced a decrease of more than 2°C. The average Co value was 1.6 for Faxai and 3.6 for Hagibis, indicating that SST was more easily cooled by Hagibis than by Faxai, consistent with the observations. The impact of ocean conditions on the typhoon‐induced SST cooling by Hagibis was 2.6 times larger than the impact by Faxai, indicating that the ocean before Hagibis passes is less hard to cool ocean than Faxai. In short, it is important for ocean cooling not only ocean conditions but also typhoon characteristics because in fact, Hagibis cooled the ocean more than Faxai. In addition, the impact of Hagibis's characteristics on the typhoon‐induced SST cooling was 4.8 times larger than the impact of Faxai's characteristics. Thus, SST was more likely to cool by typhoon characteristics in the case of Hagibis. In particular, among Hagibis's characteristics, typhoon size in the horizontal direction had the most efficient effect on SST cooling. Although Co does not consider the effects of the advection of ocean water, we suggest that Co is a practical indicator for estimating SST cooling caused by a typhoon and comparing factors of typhoon‐induced SST cooling in multiple cases.
An adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) for generalized linear mixed models in one go
Authors: Piepho Hans‐Peter
Published: May 2023

The coefficient of determination (R2) is a common measure of goodness of fit for linear models. Various proposals have been made for extension of this measure to generalized linear and mixed models. When the model has random effects or correlated residual effects, the observed responses are correlated. This paper proposes a new coefficient of determination for this setting that accounts for any such correlation. A key advantage of the proposed method is that it only requires the fit of the model under consideration, with no need to also fit a null model. Also, the approach entails a bias correction in the estimator assessing the variance explained by fixed effects. Three examples are used to illustrate new measure. A simulation shows that the proposed estimator of the new coefficient of determination has only minimal bias.
A 2‐Anilidomethylpyridine Ligand Framework Showcasing Hydride Storage and Transfer Abilities in Its Aluminum Chemistry
Authors: Mandal Chhotan , Kundu Abhishek , Das Sanjay , Adhikari Debashis , Mukherjee Debabrata
Published: May 2023

Dearomatized 1,4‐dihydropyridyl motifs are significant in both chemistry and biology for their potential abilities to deliver the stored hydride, driven by rearomatization. Biological cofactors like nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and organic ‘hydride sources’ like Hantzsch esters are prime examples. An organoaluminum chemistry on a 2‐anilidomethylpyridine framework is reported, where such hydride storage and transfer abilities are displayed by the ligand's pyridyl unit. The pyridylmethylaniline proligand (NNLH) is simultaneously deprotonated and 1,4‐hydroaluminated by AlH3(NMe2Et) to [(NNLde)AlH(NMe2Et)] (1; NNLde=hydride‐inserted dearomatized version of NNL). A hydride abstraction by B(C6F5)3 rearomatizes the pyridyl moiety to give the cationic aluminum hydride [(NNL)AlH(NMe2Et)][HB(C6F5)3] (6). Notably, such chemical non‐innocence is priorly unseen in this established ligand class. The hydroalumination mechanism is investigated by isolating the intermediate [(NNL)AlH2] (2) and by control experiments, and is also analyzed by DFT calculation. The results advocate an intriguing ‘self‐promoting’ pathway, which underlines alane's Lewis acid/Brønsted base duality. NMe2Et carrying the alane also plays a crucial role. In contrast, the chemistry between NNLH and AlMe3 is much different, giving only [(NNL)AlMe2] (4) from the adduct [(NNLH)AlMe3] (3) by deprotonation but not a subsequent pyridyl dearomatization in the presence or absence of NMe2Et. This divergence is also justified by DFT analyses.
Hyper‐heuristic method for processor allocation in parallel tasks scheduling
Authors: Yıldız Gülçin , Sevilgen Fatih Erdoğan
Published: May 2023

Scheduling the tasks of parallel scientific applications is very important for efficient utilization of resources and reducing the overall execution time (makespan). Parallel applications typically include both data parallelism and task parallelism. It is known that the scheduling problem on multiprocessor systems problem is NP‐Hard even for applications involving pure task parallelism. The problem becomes more difficult when data parallelism is also taken into consideration. These problems usually considered in two steps, processor allocation and task scheduling, and various algorithms have been proposed. In this study, we introduce a genetic algorithm based hyper‐heuristic approach for the processor allocation problem. Experimental results indicate that the algorithm provides better performance compared to various greedy algorithms.
Review on data replication strategies in single vs. interconnected cloud systems: Focus on data correlation‐aware strategies
Authors: Hamrouni Tarek , Mokadem Riad , Khelifa Amel
Published: May 2023

Data replication is a well‐known technique in cloud systems for enhancing availability and performance. Various strategies and surveys have been proposed in this respect. These surveys include comprehensive analysis and classifications. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, there is no survey concentrating on strategies designed for interconnected cloud systems. In this article, we provide an in‐depth analysis of existing data replication strategies in cloud systems, covering single and interconnected clouds. We also highlight data correlation‐aware strategies as well as their key steps. Furthermore, we examine the major strategies' features such as: () addressed replication issues, () orientation towards the provider and the consumer, () consideration of the service level agreement, () consideration of cost and economic aspects, and () evaluation tools. Finally, we provide a performance analysis through extensive simulations of several replication strategies dedicated for single and interconnected clouds.
The association between adverse childhood events and cluster C personality disorders: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Crișan Ştefania , Stoia Maria , Predescu Elena , Miu Andrei C. , Szentágotai‐Tătar Aurora
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Studies suggest that adverse childhood events (ACEs) may contribute to the onset and development of cluster C personality disorders. However, the association between ACEs and these disorders remains unclear in terms of consistency across studies and effect magnitude, as well as generalizability within cluster C. The current meta‐analysis aimed to examine the associations between ACEs and cluster C personality disorders based on the available literature.

Methods

Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and PsychInfo. Forty‐eight eligible studies were included in the analyses, and pooled effect sizes were estimated both at the level of cluster C and at the level of each specific disorder. Moderation and meta‐regression analyses were also conducted.

Results

ACEs were consistently associated with overall cluster C, as well as each of the specific disorders in this cluster. Sources of heterogeneity included type of instrument used to assess ACEs (questionnaires > interviews) and type of instrument used to assess the personality disorders (clinical interviews > questionnaires, as well as their combination with interview). The associations between ACEs and all cluster C personality disorders decreased with age.

Conclusions

ACEs are consistently associated with all cluster C personality disorders. Future work could approach the mechanisms underlying this association, preferably using longitudinal designs and considering the potential sources of effect variability identified in the present study.
ThemetaandparaOH Substitution Effect onC‐Phenyl‐Nitrilimine Bond‐Shift Isomers
Authors: Ferreira Gil A. , Nunes Cláudio M. , Lopes Jesus A. J. , Fausto Rui
Published: May 2023

The geometric and electronic structure of 1,3‐dipolar species, in particular of nitrile imines, can be surprisingly intricate. A particular example is theC‐phenyl‐nitrilimine, which exists as two energy minima that constitute bond‐shift isomers. To examine the effect of substituents in the phenyl ring, here we investigate themetaandparaOH substituted derivatives. These two nitrile imines were generated in an argon matrix by UV‐irradiation of 2H‐tetrazole precursors and found to photoisomerize to carbodiimidesvia1H‐diazirines. The different effects of the OH substitution inmetaandparapositions on the bond‐shift isomerism are rationalized with the support of Natural Resonance Theory and Hirshfeld atomic charges. The understanding of how substitution affects the structural characteristics ofC‐phenyl‐nitrilimines, opens a door to modulate the chemistry of those compounds (e. g. in cycloaddition reactions) by appropriate tuning of their substitution (substituent type and position).
Advances in extraction and purification of citrus flavonoids
Authors: Zhu Chang‐Qing , Chen Jie‐Biao , Zhao Chen‐Ning , Liu Xiao‐Juan , Chen Yun‐Yi , Liang Jiao‐Jiao , Cao Jin‐Ping , Wang Yue , Sun Chong‐De
Published: May 2023

Flavonoids are the representative active substances of citrus with various biological activities and high nutritional value. In order to evaluate and utilize citrus flavonoids, isolation and purification are necessary steps. This manuscript reviewed the research advances in the extraction and purification of citrus flavonoids. The structure classification, the plant and nutritional functions, and the biosynthesis of citrus flavonoids were summarized. The characteristics of citrus flavonoids and the selection of separation strategies were explained. The technical system of extraction and purification of citrus flavonoids was systematically described. Finally, outlook and research directions were proposed.
The association of dietary phytochemical index and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Ahmadi Bijan , Ramezani Ahmadi Amirhossein , Jafari Mohamadreza , Morshedzadeh Nava
Published: May 2023

Consumption of phytochemical‐rich foods relates to the prevention of chronic diseases. In this study we assessed the dietary phytochemical index (PI) in metabolic parameters, liver enzymes, and severity of fibrosis among nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients. This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 210 patients with NAFLD. Fibrosis‐4 index (FLB4), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), FBS, lipids profile, AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT were measured. PI was calculated through the information obtained from a validated semi‐quantitative food frequency. Multiple regression models were used to estimate mean difference changes in the evaluated variables associated with various dietary PI. Participants' mean ± SD of age and BMI were 39.23 ± 10.52 and 24.40 ± 2.64, respectively. We found that DPI is inversely associated with serum TG, TC, and LDL‐C and directly associated with serum HDL‐C and a higher score in DPI is associated with lower scores in NFS and FIB‐4. Multivariate linear regression showed that there is an inverse association between DPI and AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, NFS, and FIB‐4. Higher dietary PI could impact on reduction of NAFLD progression and improvement of metabolic parameters.
The Story Behind the Link between Molecular Chirality and Crystal Shape
Authors: Lahav Meir , Leiserowitz Leslie
Published: May 2023

Here we describe the story behind the link between molecular chirality and macroscopic phenomena, the latter being a probe for the direct assignment of absolute configuration of chiral molecules. First, a brief tour of the history of molecular stereochemistry, starting with the classic experiment reported byPasteurin 1848 on the separation of enantiomorphous crystals of a salt of tartaric acid, and his conclusion that the molecules of life are chiral of single‐handedness. With time, this study raised, inter alia, two fundamental questions: the absolute configuration of chiral molecules and how a molecule of given configuration shapes the enantiomorphous morphology of its crystal. As for the first question, following the beginning of crystal structure determination by X‐ray diffraction in 1912, it took almost 40 years beforeBijvoetassigned molecular chirality through the esoteric method involving anomalous X‐ray scattering. We have been able to address and link both questions through ‘everyday concepts of left and right’ (in the words ofJack Dunitz) by the use of ‘tailor‐made’ auxiliaries. By such means, it proved possible to reveal, through morphology, etch patterns, epitaxy and symmetry reduction of both chiral and, paradoxically, centrosymmetric crystals, the basic chiral symmetry of the molecules of life, the α‐amino acids and sugars.
Evaluation of the Caval aortic index in fetal growth restriction: A case–control study in a tertiary center
Authors: Denizli Ramazan , Tanaçan Atakan , Sakcak Bedri , Farisoğulları Nihat , Ağaoğlu Zahid , Turgut Ezgi , Kara Özgür , Şahin Dilek
Published: May 2023

Objective

To examine the inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter, aortic diameter, and caval aortic index in fetuses with growth restriction and to compare the findings with fetuses from uncomplicated pregnancies at similar gestational weeks.

Methods

This prospective study was conducted with a total of 176 pregnant women. According to the diagnostic criteria, 84 pregnancies diagnosed with fetal growth restriction (FGR) were compared with a control group of 92 uncomplicated pregnancies at similar gestational weeks.

Results

The aortic and IVC diameter values were significantly lower in the FGR group (P < 0.001), whereas the caval aortic index was similar between the two groups. The examination of the ultrasound parameters of the cases with FGR according to the neonatal intensive care requirement revealed similar aortic diameter and caval aortic index values but a significantly smaller IVC diameter in the cases requiring neonatal intensive care (P = 0.022).

Conclusion

We determined that the aortic and IVC diameter values were smaller in the fetuses with growth restriction, but the caval aortic index was similar in the two groups. The measurement of the IVC diameter in FGR may be useful in predicting the neonatal intensive care requirements of these fetuses.
Survival and growth of organic farms over the long‐run
Authors: Brady Michael P. , Granatstein David , Kirby Elizabeth
Published: May 2023

We analyze a detailed record of organic farm entry, exit, and growth for Washington State covering nearly all organic farms dating back to the beginning of the organic industry to better understand the relationship between farm characteristics, market conditions, and farm success. We find that organic farms are most likely to exit in the first 2 years after entering. Changes in industry scale and concentration are driven by exit and size adjustment decisions made by larger farms, whereas small farms are less sensitive to market conditions and have higher exit rates and lower growth rates.
Diffusion‐tensor magnetic resonance imaging captures increased skeletal muscle fibre diameters in Becker muscular dystrophy
Authors: Cameron Donnie , Abbassi‐Daloii Tooba , Heezen Laura G.M. , van de Velde Nienke M. , Koeks Zaïda , Veeger Thom T.J. , Hooijmans Melissa T. , el Abdellaoui Salma , van Duinen Sjoerd G. , Verschuuren Jan J.G.M. , van Putten Maaike , Aartsma‐Rus Annemieke , Raz Vered , Spitali Pietro , Niks Erik H. , Kan Hermien E.
Published: May 2023

Background

Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is an X‐linked disorder characterized by slow, progressive muscle damage and muscle weakness. Hallmarks include fibre‐size variation and replacement of skeletal muscle with fibrous and adipose tissues, after repeated cycles of regeneration. Muscle histology can detect these features, but the required biopsies are invasive, are difficult to repeat and capture only small muscle volumes. Diffusion‐tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT‐MRI) is a potential non‐invasive alternative that can calculate muscle fibre diameters when applied with the novel random permeable barrier model (RPBM). In this study, we assessed muscle fibre diameters using DT‐MRI in BMD patients and healthy controls and compared these with histology.

Methods

We included 13 BMD patients and 9 age‐matched controls, who underwent water‐fat MRI and DT‐MRI at multiple diffusion times, allowing RPBM parameter estimation in the lower leg muscles. Tibialis anterior muscle biopsies were taken from the contralateral leg in 6 BMD patients who underwent DT‐MRI and from an additional 32 BMD patients and 15 healthy controls. Laminin and Sirius‐red stainings were performed to evaluate muscle fibre morphology and fibrosis. Twelve ambulant patients from the MRI cohort underwent the North Star ambulatory assessment, and 6‐min walk, rise‐from‐floor and 10‐m run/walk functional tests.

Results

RPBM fibre diameter was significantly larger in BMD patients (P = 0.015): mean (SD) = 68.0 (25.3) μm versus 59.4 (19.2) μm in controls. Inter‐muscle differences were also observed (P ≤ 0.002). Both inter‐ and intra‐individual RPBM fibre diameter variability were similar between groups. Laminin staining agreed with the RPBM, showing larger median fibre diameters in patients than in controls: 72.5 (7.9) versus 63.2 (6.9) μm, P = 0.006. However, despite showing similar inter‐individual variation, patients showed more intra‐individual fibre diameter variability than controls—mean variance (SD) = 34.2 (7.9) versus 21.4 (6.9) μm, P < 0.001—and larger fibrosis areas: median (interquartile range) = 21.7 (5.6)% versus 14.9 (3.4)%, P < 0.001. Despite good overall agreement of RPBM and laminin fibre diameters, they were not associated in patients who underwent DT‐MRI and muscle biopsy, perhaps due to lack of colocalization of DT‐MRI with biopsy samples.

Conclusions

DT‐MRI RPBM metrics agree with histology and can quantify changes in muscle fibre size that are associated with regeneration without the need for biopsies. They therefore show promise as imaging biomarkers for muscular dystrophies.
Fiber post bonding with beta‐tricalcium phosphate incorporated root dentin adhesive. SEM, EDX, FTIR, rheometric and bond strength study
Authors: Vohra Fahim , Alamri Renad R. , Almohsen Fatimah O. , El Mourad Aminah M. , Farooq Imran , Alsaif Rawan
Published: May 2023

The aim was to formulate an experimental adhesive (EA) and added nanoparticles (NPs) of beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) to see the impact on pushout bond strength (PBS) and other mechanical properties. Three adhesives were prepared, including EA (control, without β‐TCP NPs), 2.5%‐β‐TCP NPs containing adhesive (2.5%‐NPA), and 5% β‐TCP NPs containing adhesive (5%‐NPA). For the characterization of the NPs, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy was accomplished. For the adhesive's characterization, rheological assessment, and degree of conversion (DC) analysis were performed. PBS of these adhesives against resin fiber post to root dentin, interfacial failure categories, and resin dentin interface analysis were also assessed. The β‐TCP NPs were seen as agglomerated asymmetrical particles on SEM. These NPs were composed primarily of calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P). Rheological evaluation of the adhesive's showed a drop in the viscosity of all adhesives at greater angular frequencies. The greatest DC was detected for the EA group (67.54 ± 7.9) followed by 2.5%‐NPA group (45.32 ± 5.1), whereas the lowest DC values were seen for the 5%‐NPA group (38.97 ± 6.5). Concerning PBS, the 2.5%‐NPA revealed the highest values at the coronal (12.81 ± 3.0) and middle (8.50 ± 2.3) sections, whereas, for the apical section, the highest PBS values were seen for the 5%‐NPA (4.9 ± 1.6). Most of the failures for all adhesive groups were seen at the adhesive‐dentin interface (cohesive type failures) for all root segments (coronal, middle, and apical). The resin‐dentin interface analysis verified hybrid layer and resin tag formation for all adhesives, but the presence of dispersed β‐TCP NPs was only seen in the two NP‐reinforced adhesives. The adding of β‐TCP NPs in the adhesive could be beneficial as it could improve its PBS. Suitable rheological properties and dentin interaction were also observed for NP‐reinforced adhesives. A reduced DC was seen for both β‐TCP NP‐containing adhesives as compared to the EA.

Research Highlights

Experimental adhesives were reinforced with beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) nanocrystals.

The β‐TCP NPs were seen as agglomerated asymmetrical particles on SEM. These NPs were composed primarily of calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P).

β‐TCP adhesives demonstrated superior pushout bond strength and a drop in the adhesive viscosity at greater angular frequencies compared to control adhesive.

The greatest DC was detected for the EA group followed by 2.5%‐ β‐TCP group, whereas the lowest DC values were for the 5%‐ β‐TCP group.
Environmental and agronomic factors that impact the regional identity of Cascade and Mosaic® hops grown in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Féchir Michael , Gallagher Andy , Weaver Garrett , Roy Curtis , Shellhammer Thomas H
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Regional identity is a well‐established concept of economic interest that has been identified as a source of unique quality traits of various agricultural products originating from a specific region. In the context of hops, the exploration of regional identity is still at a very early stage despite an increasing global demand for specialized aroma hops to enable more product diversity, especially in the growing craft beer industry. Thus, we conducted a large‐scale investigation characterizing the growing environments of Cascade and Mosaic® hops at 39 field locations throughout two important valleys in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States to identify factors that significantly impact hop characteristics and to better understand how these impact hop regional identity.

RESULTS

The Willamette Valley (Oregon) and the Yakima Valley (Washington) have distinctly different soil characteristics, soil chemistry, and climate. In turn, growers in these two regions apply unique agronomic practices in response to these differences. This investigation also revealed significant subregional differences in growing environment within each of these two valleys. Multivariate statistics, correlation, and regression analysis identified a number of environmental and agronomic factors like soil pH, the concentration of zinc, sulfur, and manganese in the soil, and the amount of applied zinc fertilization, which exhibited strong positive or negative correlations with specific hop quality traits depending on the hop variety, primarily in Oregon.

CONCLUSION

This study provides new insights into understanding hop regional identity and represents an important step towards fully utilizing this effect. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
A novel strategy for preparation of rice bran protein oleogels based on high internal phase emulsion template
Authors: Zheng Songbai , Lu Muwen , Xiao Jie , Zhang Xiaohui , Li Jie , Zhang Hao , Zhang Chenhao , Cao Yong , Lan Yaqi
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Oleogels have been extensively explored as fat substitutes with no trans fatty acids and low saturated fatty acids in recent years as a result of increased health problems found to be related to the intake of trans and saturated fatty acids.

RESULTS

Herein, high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) stabilized by rice bran protein (RBP) was prepared and further utilized as a template for preparation of RBP oleogels. RBP HIPE with the strongest rheological properties was obtained at pH 5.0 as a result of appropriate structural deformation, surface charge and a high three‐phase contact angle at this pH. However, RBP oleogels prepared at pH 9.0 exhibited the highest yield stress after drying process. At this pH, RBP showed higher resistance to deformation caused by water evaporation. This highlighted the importance of structural stability of protein network on rheological properties of the resultant oleogels. Furthermore, with an increase in drying temperature, RBP oleogels exhibited higher yield stress and gel strength because water was better removed as a result of an enhanced capability to overcome the capillary pressure of emulsion.

CONCLUSION

The present study further revealed the structure–activity relationship between protein, HIPE and oleogel, and also provided theoretical support for the development of protein‐based oleogel. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Combined effect of harvest time and postharvest dehydration length on the composition of withered grapes for Sforzato di ValtellinaDOCG wine production
Authors: Scalzini Giulia , Giacosa Simone , Paissoni Maria Alessandra , Río Segade Susana , De Paolis Camilla , Škrab Domen , Zava Andrea , Motta Giulia , Ferrero Lorenzo , Beria D'Argentina Sofia , Gerbi Vincenzo , Rolle Luca
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Sforzato di Valtellina (Sfursat) is a PDO reinforced red wine produced in Valtellina (northern Italy) from partially withered red grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Nebbiolo. The present study aimed to evaluate the combined influence of different grape ripeness levels and withering length on the chemical composition, mechanical properties, and phenolic profile of Nebbiolo winegrapes from two Valtellina vineyards. During three consecutive vintages (2019, 2020, and 2021), three different technological binomials have been tested: early harvest/long withering (EL), medium‐term harvest/medium‐term withering (MM), and late harvest/short withering (LS).

RESULTS

At the end of the withering process, EL thesis usually presented the highest values of sugars and acidity. Extractable seed polyphenols showed a decreasing trend by leaving the grapes on the plant longer, and this effect increased considerably after withering with respect to fresh samples. EL and MM evidenced the greater concentration of these compounds expressed on grape weight, particularly for tannins. Instead, skin‐extracted total phenolics were less influenced by the harvest time, whereas their concentration increased after withering. The harvest time appears to have a higher impact than the withering length on the final extractable anthocyanin content, although the trend was no stable during the vintages or common for the two vineyards evaluated. EL and MM experienced the highest contents of grape skin tannins in most cases, suggesting that a longer withering increases their concentration.

CONCLUSION

Harvest time and withering length can be modulated according to the desired oenological objective, promoting the valorization of grape potentialities. The choice to harvest the grapes earlier and enhance the withering length should be preferred to obtain wines with higher acidity and phenolic content, more suitable for long‐ageing period. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Polarity Does Not Matter: Molecular Weight Reverses the Photoisomerization‐Induced Phase Separation of an Azobenzene‐Bearing Polymer
Authors: Homma Kenta , Chang Alice C. , Yamamoto Shota , Ueki Takeshi , Nakanishi Jun
Published: May 2023

The non‐canonical photoisomerization‐induced phase separation of an azobenzene‐bearing polymer is found. The polymer composed of acrylate‐based azobenzene (AzoAA) and N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA), namely poly(AzoAA‐r‐DMA), phase separates under visible light‐induced cis‐to‐trans isomerization at high molecular weight, whereas the phase separation is realized under UV light‐induced trans‐to‐cis isomerization at low molecular weight. Conventionally, the origin of photoisomerization‐induced phase separation is believed to arise from the difference in polarity between the apolar trans and polar cis states; thereby the direction of phase changes, either to separate or dissolute, is uniquely determined by the polarity changes during the isomerization of azobenzene. Contrary to this common perception, the poly(AzoAA‐r‐DMA) in this study phase separates through both trans and cis isomerization, depending on the molecular weight. The non‐canonical phase separation of poly(AzoAA‐r‐DMA) reported herein suggests that molecular weight plays a significant role in determining the phase behavior of azobenzene‐bearing polymers. This study provides a platform for the development of spatial‐temporally controlled delivery vehicles and microreactors.
The optimal licensing strategy and commission in a software platform ecosystem with software content upgrades
Authors: Wei Ning , Guo Junpeng
Published: May 2023

A licensing commission policy can be used as a tool to orchestrate an ecosystem with complementary developers. For instance, Apple attempts to take advantage of a licensing‐related commission strategy. However, its economic mechanism is seldom discussed. Therefore, this study developed a framework of a platform ecosystem in order to analyze the economics of the licensing‐related commission strategy and the optimal licensing choice with the software function and content upgrade in a monopoly/duopoly market setting. We find that the commission rate serves not only as a value transfer instrument but also as a value‐creation incentive machine for the ecosystem with third‐party vendors. Further, by considering the above factors, the platform would use a win‐win commission rate that benefits both parties. We also find that the differential commission rate has a stronger extraction effect, but it may not result in a vendor‐friendly commission rate and may hurt the vendor's value creation incentive and social welfare. Furthermore, we investigate the equilibrium in the market with competing vendors.
Temperature measurement of SO2 based on mid‐infrared laser absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Gong Ting , Shi Wenhui , Zhu Hongli , Guo Guqing , Tian Yali , Sun Xiaocong , Qiu Xuanbing , Zhou Bin , Li Chuanliang
Published: May 2023

The temperature measurement of Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a crucial parameter for accurately determining its concentration, particularly in high‐temperature environment. Herein, it is realized by using three different techniques, which are direct absorption spectroscopy, wavelength modulation spectroscopy and non‐calibration wavelength modulation spectroscopy based on the bispectral lines temperature measurement method. The bispectral lines of SO2 locates at 1396.844 and 1396.921 cm−1, respectively. The gas temperature in the absorption cell was also measured with K‐type thermocouple and compared with these three spectral measurements. The linearities corresponding to these three techniques are 99.71%, 99.8%, and 99.88%, respectively. Their average relative error between the spectral measurement results and the linear fitting value of the three techniques is 1.15%, 0.86%, and 0.57%, respectively. It is illustrated the feasibility of the bispectral lines method for high‐temperature measurement. These investigations provide methods for temperature measurement in high‐temperature coal‐fired boilers, potentially for investigating other sulfide gas molecules such as SO3 and H2S.
Quantification of spinal bone marrow fat fraction using three‐material decomposition technique on dual‐energy CT: A phantom study
Authors: Li Baojun , Hua Ning , Li Janelle , Andreu‐Arasa V. Carlota , LeBedis Christina , Anderson Stephan W.
Published: May 2023

Background

Two‐material decomposition is insufficient to quantify the fat fraction of spinal bone marrow, which is comprised of a mixture of bone minerals, water, and yellow marrow (fat).

Purpose

To develop an accurate three‐material decomposition‐based bone marrow fat fraction () quantification technique for dual‐energy CT.

Methods

Bone marrow edema phantoms containing trabecular bone minerals, water, and fat were constructed using fat fractions and bone mineral density values matching those expected in healthy and edematous bone, and scanned on a commercial dual‐energy CT. Fat quantified by were compared to MRI‐based fat fraction () and conventional two‐material‐decomposition‐based fat fraction () to evaluate its accuracy and dependency on various bone mineral densities.

Results

demonstrated an excellent correlation with (r = 0.97, R2 = 0.96) in the phantom, significantly more accurate than FF2MD when confounding bone minerals are present (50 mg/cm3: r = 1.02, R2 = 0.95 vs. r = 0.65, R2 = 0.79 (p < 0.01); 100 mg/cm3: r = 0.81, R2 = 0.47 vs. r = 0.21, R2 = 0.21 (p < 0.05)).

Conclusions

accurately quantified bone marrow fat fraction, when compared with , in the specially constructed bone marrow phantom.
Predictors of persistent pain in patients with acute neck pain treated with physical therapy: A prospective study with 2 years follow up
Authors: Aldabbas Mosab M. , Tanwar Tarushi , Iram Iram , Ghrouz Amer , Veqar Zubia
Published: May 2023

Background

Clinicians specialising in musculoskeletal medicine have observed that patients with neck pain often seek repeat consultations because of recurring neck pain. Despite this pattern, there is a lack of research exploring the persistence nature of neck pain. Understanding potential predictors of persistent neck pain could help clinicians develop effective treatment approaches to prevent the chronicity of these conditions.

Objective

The current study investigated the potential predictors of persistent neck pain over a 2‐year period among patients with acute neck pain treated with physical therapy.

Methods

A longitudinal study design was employed. Data were collected at baseline and at 2‐year follow‐up from 152 acute neck pain patients aged (29.2 ± 6.7). Patients were recruited from physiotherapy clinics. Logistic regression was used for analysis. At 2‐year follow‐up, participants were reassessed for their pain intensity (Dependent variable) and categorised as recovered or reporting persistent neck pain. Baseline acute neck pain intensity, sleep quality, disability, depression, anxiety, and sleepiness were used as potential predictors.

Results

Among 152 participants, 51 (33.6%) patients with acute neck pain reported persistent neck pain at 2‐year follow‐up. 43% of the variation in the dependent variable was explained by the model. Despite the strong correlations between persistent pain at follow‐up with all potential predictors, only sleep quality 95% CI (1.1,1.6), and anxiety 95% CI (1.1,1.4) were the significant predictors of persistent neck pain.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that poor sleep quality and anxiety may serve as potential predictors of persistent neck pain. The findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive approach to managing neck pain that addresses both physical and psychological factors. By targeting these co‐morbidities, healthcare providers may be able to improve outcomes and prevent the progression of the case.
Psychological capital, grit and organizational justice as positive strengths and resources among registered nurses: A path analysis
Authors: Flinkman Mervi , Rudman Ann , Pasanen Miko , Leino‐Kilpi Helena
Published: May 2023

Aim

To examine registered nurses' individual strengths (psychological capital and grit) and an organizational resource (organizational justice) as well as associated work‐related outcomes. In a time of a global nursing shortage, there is an urgent need to identify strengths and resources that can have a positive impact on the health, well‐being and retention of registered nurses.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

A nationwide convenience sample of 514 registered nurses responded to a survey. Data were collected using a self‐reported questionnaire between March and May 2018. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate path analysis.

Results

Participants rated their psychological capital and grit moderately high. Grit and organizational justice were found to have significant direct effects on psychological capital. Furthermore, psychological capital had positive direct effects on engagement and the perception of well‐conducted everyday nursing as well as negative direct effects on burnout, the stress of conscience and the intent to leave the profession.

Conclusion

The results suggest that nurse leaders and managers could consider improving registered nurses' well‐being with two complementary approaches. It might be useful to reinforce positive, individual strengths, such as psychological capital, and at the same time create more favourable nursing work environments, for example by strengthening organizational justice.

Implications for the Profession

Psychological capital and grit are emerging concepts in nursing workforce research. Identifying registered nurses' positive strengths and resources is important for inventing interventions that enhance nurses' engagement and well‐being as well as reduce turnover intentions.

Impact

Nurse leaders and managers play crucial roles in managing and developing registered nurses' individual strengths and organizational resources. This has gained even more importance now as the COVID‐19 pandemic could have a long‐term negative impact on nurses' well‐being.

Reporting Method

The study is reported following STROBE guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Gender Differences Among Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstructive Surgeons
Authors: Hobday Sara B. , Armache Maria , Frost Ariel S. , Lu Joseph , De Ravin Emma , Shanti Rabie M. , Jazayeri Hossein E. , Newman Jason G. , Brody Robert M. , Cannady Steven B. , Wax Mark K. , Mady Leila J.
Published: May 2023

Objective

To determine whether gender differences exist in the training history, practice patterns, and home lives of surgeons who perform microvascular reconstruction of the head and neck.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional survey.

Setting

Medical facilities that employ surgeons who practice head and neck microvascular reconstruction in the United States.

Methods

A survey was created using the Research Electronic Data Capture Framework and was distributed via email to microvascular reconstructive surgeons. Descriptive statistics were performed using Stata software.

Results

No significant differences were found in training or current practice patterns between microvascular surgeons who identify as men versus those who identify as women. Women had fewer children (p = .020) and were more likely to be childless (p = .002). Whereas men were more likely to report a spouse/partner as primary caretaker, women were more likely to hire a professional caretaker or cite themselves as a primary caretaker (p < .001). Women were more likely to have finished residency (p = .015) and fellowship (p = .014) more recently and to practice in the Southeast (p = .006). Of the microvascular surgeons who reported practice setting switches, men more commonly changed positions for career advancement, whereas women were more likely to switch due to burnout (p = .002).

Conclusion

This study found no gender‐based differences in training or practice patterns. However, significant differences were identified in childbearing, family structure, geographic practice location, and motives for switching practice.
Advanced data post‐processing method for rapid identification and classification of the major triterpenoids of Alismatis rhizoma by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Shu Zhiheng , Wang Xiaoxing , Zhao Pengcheng , Li Ziting , Fan Cailian , Tang Xiyang , Yao Zhihong , Yao Xinsheng , Dai Yi
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Alismatis rhizoma (AR), a distinguished diuretic traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is widely used for the treatment of diarrhea, edema, nephropathy, hyperlipidemia, and tumors in clinical settings. Most beneficial effects of AR are attributed to the major triterpenoids, whose contents are relatively high in AR. To date, only 25 triterpenoids in AR have been characterized by LC‐MS because the low‐mass diagnostic ions are hardly triggered in MS, impeding structural identification. Herein, we developed an advanced data post‐processing method with abundant characteristic fragments (CFs) and neutral losses (NLs) for rapid identification and classification of the major triterpenoids in AR by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MSE.

Objective

We aimed to establish a systematic method for rapid identification and classification of the major triterpenoids of AR.

Methods

UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MSE coupled with an advanced data post‐processing method was established to characterize the major triterpenoids of AR. The abundant CFs and NLs of different types of triterpenoids were discovered and systematically summarized. The rapid identification and classification of the major triterpenoids of AR were realized by processing the data and comparing with information described in the literature.

Results

In this study, a total of 44 triterpenoids were identified from AR, including three potentially new compounds and 41 known ones, which were classified into six types.

Conclusion

The newly established approach is suitable for the chemical profiling of the major triterpenoids in AR, which could provide useful information about chemical constituents and a basis for further exploration of its active ingredients in vivo.