bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A EXCLUSÃO DOS HERDEIROS: (IM) POSSIBILIDADE DE AMPLIAÇÃO NAS HIPÓTESES PREVISTAS EM LEI
Authors: Lopes Lima Ludmila , Fabio Trindade de Souza  , Higor Alberto Loesch  , Maves Agnaldo Campos
Published: November 2023

A sucessão mortis causa é particularmente caracterizada pelos seus fundamentos morais e ética que permeiam todas as relações familiares, despertando no autor herança o desejo de proteger, manter e garantir condições de vida e continuidade nas relações entre seus sucessores. Então os motivos da exclusão herdeiros, divididos entre insulto e deserdação, caracterizam-se por serem penas privadas que impeçam a aquisição de bens em consequência de morte, herdeiro que demonstra ingratidão e desrespeito ao autor da herança ao descumprir as disposições laços que sustentam as relações familiares e sucessórias. Humilhação corresponde a uma sanção civil contra o herdeiro que tenha cometido qualquer dos seguintes comportamento sério estritamente regulamentado no art. 1.814, CC/02. Já A deserdação é entendida como o ato pelo qual o falecido se exclui da herança por meio de testamento, herdeiro necessário que praticou o ato previsto no art. 1814; 1962 e 1963, CC/02. Acontece que a tributação é defendida pela doutrina a interpretação da maioria de uma lista considerada degradante resulta em ofensa diretamente às ordens civis e constitucionais, especialmente no campo da dignidade da pessoa humana, os princípios do amor e da solidariedade familiar. A partir disso Desta forma, o trabalho analisa as premissas que justificam a necessidade de realização do exercício atividade interpretativa cuidadosa, através de métodos hermenêuticos sistemático e teleológico, ao examinar o art. 1.814, CC/02, como método de consagração novos paradigmas civilizacionais introduzidos após constitucionalização do direito civil, levando à imperiosa ampliação deste rol, e tentando adaptar o instituto à nova realidade da ordem jurídico.
CRIMINALIDADE E AS TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO
Authors: Xavier Pereira Fernanda , Fabiana Xavier Alves  , Gezilan Ferreira de Souza
Published: November 2023

RESUMO
O presente artigo, cujo tema faz abordagem à CRIMINALIDADE E AS TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO tem por objetivo enfatizar a respeito dos casos que já aconteceram e vem acontecendo, bem como das leis que resguardam a problemática, objetivando as possibilidades ou impossibilidades que perduram para controlar ou evitar os crimes que são praticados através da internet, dando destaque à quais normas de proteção que devem ser tomadas para evitar os crimes, da mesma forma que as ações poderão ser utilizadas no caso de sofrer um crime dessa maneira. Esta pesquisa objetiva também, explorar o avanço do Direito Penal, frente às novas tecnologias. Com intuito de esclarecer a revolução tecnológica e seus efeitos positivos e negativos no cotidiano da sociedade; abordando diversos crimes virtuais pouco mencionados pelos doutrinadores. Porém, o Brasil atualmente não dispõe de uma legislação considerável para preservar a segurança no espaço virtual. Observando que existem dificuldades para proceder investigações em muitos casos. Entretanto, conclui-se que o Direito Penal e, consequentemente, a legislação tende a progredir para acompanhar a dinâmica social, sob pena de se tornar sem aplicabilidade aos casos concretos.
 
Palavras chave: Tecnologias; Crimes Virtuais; Internet;
A TOXICOLOGIA DO PARACETAMOL PARA GESTANTES
Authors: Luna Sandriely , Lima Cristiane
Published: November 2023

O estudo investigou a relação entre o uso de paracetamol durante a gestação e potenciais impactos como autismo e disfunções imunológicas na criança. Evidências apontam uma correlação entre a exposição pré-natal ao paracetamol e aumento do risco de autismo e distúrbios neuropsiquiátricos. Além disso, há sugestões de influência negativa do paracetamol no sistema imunológico infantil.  A pesquisa foi conduzida usando fontes da SCIELO e LILACS com recorte temporal entre 2013 e 2023. A complexidade dessas relações ressalta a necessidade de precaução no uso do paracetamol durante a gravidez, enfatizando a importância de pesquisas contínuas para esclarecer os riscos e fornecer orientações claras a gestantes e profissionais de saúde. Esse estudo oferece uma abordagem objetiva sobre as consequências do uso inadequado do paracetamol durante a gestação, promovendo conscientização e cuidado no uso do medicamento, com preferência por alternativas e redução da exposição sempre que possível.
AÇÃO TERAPÊUTICA DE COMPOSTOS PRESENTES NA MORUS NIGRA L. NA RESISTÊNCIA À INSULINA
Authors: Justo de Almeida Costa Haecken , Cristiane Gomes Lima
Published: November 2023

A Morus nigra L., popularmente conhecida como amoreira-negra, tem despertado interesse devido aos seus potenciais benefícios terapêuticos, especialmente no contexto da resistência à insulina. Diversos compostos presentes nessa planta foram objeto de estudo, revelando propriedades que podem contribuir para a melhoria da sensibilidade à insulina. Entre esses compostos, destacam-se os flavonoides, antocianinas e polifenóis, que apresentam propriedades antioxidantes e anti-inflamatórias. A ação terapêutica desses componentes parece modular de vias metabólicas relacionadas ao controle da glicose e do metabolismo lipídico, promovendo um ambiente mais favorável à sensibilidade à insulina. O objetivo geral do presente estudo foi discorrer sobre a ação terapêutica de compostos presentes na Morus Nigra L. na resistência à insulina. O presente estudo trata-se de revisão integrativa, sendo apontada como uma importante ferramenta na área da saúde, pois sintetiza as pesquisas disponíveis sobre um determinado tema e direciona a prática baseando-se no conhecimento científico. É um método que, através da síntese de conhecimento e incorporação de resultados, resulta na diminuição de vieses e erros. Tendo como base as orientações e normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas e Técnicas. A inserção dos descritores nas bases de dados resultou na localização de 102 produções, sendo 53 na BVS e 49 na PUBMED. Portanto, a Morus nigra L. se destaca como uma fonte potencial de compostos com ação terapêutica na resistência à insulina, oferecendo uma abordagem promissora na prevenção e tratamento do diabetes tipo 2 e de suas complicações. Com seus efeitos na regulação glicêmica, metabolismo lipídico, microbiota intestinal e integridade da barreira intestinal, os compostos presentes na amoreira preta representam uma perspectiva valiosa para melhorar a saúde e a qualidade de vida de indivíduos afetados por essa condição metabólica.
INVESTIGAÇÃO DEFENSIVA COMO INSTRUMENTO DA AUTONOMIA DA VONTADE
Authors: Ambrozio Barboza Alecxandro , Jacob Alexandre
Published: November 2023

O processo penal brasileiro precisa de um instrumento jurídico para garantir a defesa já no início das investigações. A regulamentação da investigação defensiva, a partir do provimento nº. 188/2018 do Conselho Federal da OAB vem normatizar um pouco esse instituto para que o equilíbrio processual entre as partes no processo penal possa se efetivar. Essa pesquisa adotou como abordagem a revisão bibliográfica e documentais em sua metodologia, tendo como foco a aplicação da investigação defensiva no direito brasileiro e a produção de provas por parte do advogado. O referencial teórico utilizado é o que aborda sobre o tema dentro do processo amparado em leis, doutrinas e artigos de autores que estudam sobre a investigação defensiva no processo penal. Conclui-se que a aplicação da investigação defensiva tem evoluído no direito brasileiro, entretanto é necessário o avanço ainda mais sobre o tema, para que os advogados de defesa possam desenvolver uma defesa mais técnica garantindo maior eficácia em relação a produção de provas, bem como a paridade de armas.
A EDUCAÇÃO E A RELAÇÃO COM O HOMESCHOOLING NO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Gobeti Petri Gustavo , Agum dos Reis Suelen
Published: November 2023

O presente artigo tem o intuito de analisar se o homeschooling é compatível com o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, bem como analisar o cenário socioeconômico e educacional do País, as implicações práticas do ensino domiciliar e o que foi decidido pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. Como metodologia científica, foram aplicadas pesquisa documental, jornalística e análise legal, doutrinária e jurisprudencial.
DISCURSO DE ÓDIO E LIBERDADE DE EXPRESSÃO:
Authors: Possato Rocha Caroline , Lavínya Almeida Lopes Eduarda
Published: November 2023

Com o crescimento das redes sociais e da comunicação online, surgiram novos desafios e dilemas relacionados à liberdade de expressão, incluindo o aumento de discursos de ódio e seu potencial de influência na sociedade. Com o aumento da presença das mídias sociais e das tecnologias de comunicação digital na vida das pessoas, novos desafios surgem em relação aos limites desses conceitos fundamentais. A falta de restrições à discriminação e intolerância cria ambientes hostis e prejudiciais à convivência e segurança. Hoje, as redes sociais são meios comuns de expressão, tornando essencial abordar essa questão. Contudo, determinar onde a liberdade de expressão termina e o discurso de ódio começa é complexo, pois este muitas vezes viola os direitos humanos e ameaça a dignidade e vida das pessoas. Neste estudo, serão explorados os conceitos, limites e conflitos entre o discurso de ódio e a liberdade de expressão na era digital e examinados os desafios que as plataformas de mídia social enfrentam ao lidar com a moderação do conteúdo, as tensões entre os valores da liberdade de expressão e a proteção contra danos e abusos, bem como os impactos sociais e individuais do discurso de ódio no âmbito digital, de modo a investigar a interseção entre ambos os conceitos.
A OMISSÃO DO ESTADO NA LEI Nº. 13.722/2018 – “LEI LUCAS”
Authors: Braga Dias Júnior Wagner , Jacob Alexandre
Published: November 2023

O artigo foi desenvolvido tendo em vista a omissão do Estado na Lei 13.722/2018, conhecida como Lei Lucas. Busca entender a responsabilização civil e penal dos profissionais educadores e cuidadores nas situações de primeiros socorros. Por meio de levantamento bibliográfico e judicial, questiona como responsabilizar os profissionais em questão sem que tenham qualificação e condições adequadas para aplicação das técnicas de primeiros socorros. A hipótese é que a capacitação adequada dos profissionais, aliada com o acompanhamento de profissionais da saúde, será a base para melhor atendimento das crianças e adolescentes em casos de acidentes. Analisa a responsabilização civil e penal dos profissionais e conclui que sem a devida qualificação e condições adequadas para aplicação das técnicas não será eficaz qualquer tipo de responsabilização.
IMPORTÂNCIA DA ATUAÇÃO DO ENFERMEIRO NAVEGADOR NA ASSISTÊNCIA AO PACIENTE ONCOLÓGICO
Authors: Silva Duque Souza Bianca , Monteiro Santos Erika Maria
Published: November 2023

Este artigo destaca a importância fundamental dos enfermeiros navegadores no contexto do tratamento de pacientes com câncer. O enfermeiro navegador atua como facilitador de cuidados, provedor de suporte emocional e coordenador do cuidado. Eles podem contribuir para a redução de atrasos no tratamento, permitindo que os pacientes acessem os cuidados necessários de forma mais rápida e eficaz. Desempenha um papel vital no fornecimento de apoio emocional durante a jornada do paciente. O artigo também destaca a importância das competências necessárias para que os enfermeiros navegadores desempenhem efetivamente seu papel. Isso inclui conhecimento sólido em oncologia, habilidades de comunicação e interpessoais, coordenação de cuidados, patient advocacy, competência cultural e social, suporte emocional e habilidades para garantir a continuidade dos cuidados. Apesar do reconhecimento crescente da importância dos enfermeiros navegadores, o artigo ressalta a necessidade de mais pesquisas para avaliar completamente seu impacto e eficácia no contexto dos cuidados oncológicos no Brasil. Isso poderia levar a um melhor entendimento do valor desses profissionais e à definição de diretrizes e padrões mais claros para sua atuação no país.
SÍNDROME DO CÂNCER DE MAMA E OVÁRIO HEREDITÁRIO
Authors: Brandão Flávio , Nogueira Rodrigues Angélica
Published: November 2023

Cerca de 10% dos casos de câncer de mama e 25% dos casos de câncer de ovário estão associados a alguma síndrome hereditária. O acesso ao diagnóstico de alterações genéticas ainda é limitado no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), apesar da constante queda no custo dos testes. A rede de atendimento a pacientes com câncer hereditário praticamente inexiste no setor público do estado de Minas Gerais e o rastreamento com ressonância magnética de mamas não está disponível, assim como a mastectomia bilateral profilática, mesmo com a existência de lei estadual que garanta o direito a este atendimento. A custo-efetividade do diagnóstico genético está bem estabelecida e precisamos com urgência da estruturação de serviços de oncogenética nas diversas regiões do estado.
INVESTIGAÇÃO DA PREDISPOSIÇÃO HEREDITÁRIA AO CÂNCER É UMA FERRAMENTA VALIOSA NO ENFRENTAMENTO AO CÂNCER DE MAMA
Authors: Massahud Rodrigues dos Santos Annamaria
Published: November 2023

O câncer de mama é um problema de saúde pública, pois é o tipo de câncer mais incidente e que mais leva ao óbito as mulheres brasileiras. Existem vários fatores de risco para o câncer de mama e, um deles, presente em cerca de 10% dos casos diagnosticados é a mutação em genes de predisposição ao câncer de mama e ovário. Desta forma, o risco vitalício de câncer de mama, em mulheres portadoras de algumas mutações, é de cerca de 70% e, na presença de mutação patogênica de BRCA1, o risco de câncer de ovário é de 40% ao longo da vida. Na população feminina, o risco vitalício habitual de câncer de mama é de 10%. Em Minas Gerais, existe uma lei, em vigor desde 2019, que assegura às mulheres o direito de realizar a avaliação oncogenética. Isto deveria direcionar as políticas de saúde pública no Estado com vistas a se reduzir a incidência e melhorar o manejo destes cânceres hereditários. Entretanto, esta lei está limitada pela não regulamentação, ou seja, não é aplicável na prática. Desse modo, profissionais de saúde, pesquisadores e sociedade civil devem se unir e influenciar gestores e legisladores para a eficácia plena da lei.
PANORAMA GENÉTICO E CLÍNICO DA MUTAÇÃO BRCA NO BRASIL
Authors: Andrade Santos Nara Rosana , Couto Henrique
Published: November 2023

O câncer de mama é o câncer mais comum em mulheres em todo o mundo. Entre 5-10% dos casos de câncer de mama são hereditários e até 25% dos canceres de mama hereditários estão associados a mutações germinativas relacionadas a genes específicos. Os genes mais estudados são BRCA1 e BRCA2, cujas mutações altamente penetrantes estão associadas a Síndrome Hereditária do Câncer de Mama e Ovário. Mulheres com mutação destes genes compartilham de um prognóstico adverso comparado a mulheres não mutadas, o que apoia a realização do teste principalmente em mulheres, que apresentem histórico familiar positivo e subtipos histológicos específicos.
Deteksi Serangan SQL Injection pada Website dengan Menggunakan Metode Reguler Expression
Authors: Supartini Reni , Parenreng Jumadi Mabe
Published: November 2023

Seiring perkembangan teknologi saat ini, keamanan terhadap informasi data yang berada di dalam website sangat rentan dengan kejahatan di dunia internet seperti serangan terhadap celah keamanan pada lapisan databases atau sering dikenal dengan istilah SQL Injection. Serangan SQL Injection merupakan metode untuk menyisipkan perintah SQL sebagai input melalui suatu aplikasi agar mendapatkan akses masuk ke dalam database. Serangan ini dapat mengetahui username, password, dan data lainnya yang berada di dalam database. Sehingga serangan SQL Injection merupakan salah satu serangan yang popular dan sering digunakan untuk memanfaatkan celah keamanan pada system karena cara menggunakannya yang mudah. Jika basis data website dapat diakses, maka seorang hacker dapat dengan mudah mencuri berbagai data rahasia, bahkan dapat memanupulasi atau merusak data pada website tersebut. Artikel ini memiliki tujuan untuk menguji tingkat efektifitas serangan SQL Injection dengan menggunakan metode regular expression. Hasil dari penelitian efektifitas dalam SQL Injection adalah akurasi waktu pencarian database dan ketepatan informasi dari database.
Ochranná opatření postihující majetek nejen pachatelů trestné činnosti
Authors: Coufalová Bronislava
Published: November 2023

Trestní zákoník vychází z dualismu trestněprávních sankcí, kterými se rozumí tresty a ochranná opatření. Ochranná opatření lze na rozdíl od trestů ukládat nejen osobám, které jsou trestně odpovědné, ale i osobám trestně neodpovědným, či dokonce osobám, které se nijak na trestné činnosti nepodílely. Některá z ochranných opatření mohou výrazným způsobem zasáhnout do ústavně zaručeného práva vlastnit majetek podle čl. 11 Listiny základních práv a svobod. Zabrání věci či zabrání části majetku nicméně nelze považovat za vyvlastnění podle čl. 11 odst. 4 Listiny a domáhat se za ně náhrady. V rámci tohoto článku bude věnována pozornost otázkám souvisejícím s druhy rozhodnutí, kterými lze uložit tato ochranná opatření, standardům dokazování při jejich ukládání a požadavkům kladeným na rozhodnutí o nich.
A Review and Comparative Analysis of Methods for Determining Criteria Weights in MCDM Tasks
Authors: Uzhga-Rebrov Oleg , Kuļešova Gaļina
Published: November 2023

To select optimal solutions in multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problems, many practical approaches have been developed. In almost all of these approaches, it is necessary to assess the importance of individual criteria for decision makers. Subjective assessments of importance are transformed into numerical assessments of decision weights by applying appropriate computational procedures. A large number of methods for determining the weights of the criteria have been proposed. These methods differ in their operating principles and in the calculation procedures underlying each method. The paper presents the most well-known methods and provides a brief comparative analysis.
Towards Explainability of the Latent Space by Disentangled Representation Learning
Authors: Namatēvs Ivars , Ņikuļins Artūrs , Slaidiņa Anda , Neimane Laura , Radziņš Oskars , Sudars Kaspars
Published: November 2023

Deep neural networks are widely used in computer vision for image classification, segmentation and generation. They are also often criticised as “black boxes” because their decision-making process is often not interpretable by humans. However, learning explainable representations that explicitly disentangle the underlying mechanisms that structure observational data is still a challenge. To further explore the latent space and achieve generic processing, we propose a pipeline for discovering the explainable directions in the latent space of generative models. Since the latent space contains semantically meaningful directions and can be explained, we propose a pipeline to fully resolve the representation of the latent space. It consists of a Dirichlet encoder, conditional deterministic diffusion, a group-swap and a latent traversal module. We believe that this study provides an insight into the advancement of research explaining the disentanglement of neural networks in the community.
From product-sales models to digital ecosystems and open science
Authors: Gudinavičius Arūnas
Published: November 2023

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Scholarly publishers in small language countries face unique challenges, such as limited funding and resources, lack of visibility and recognition, and the dominance of international commercial publishers in the global academic publishing market. Therefore, understanding the role of publishers in promoting scholarly research in small language countries is crucial. This research aims to evaluate the publication of scholarly journals in a small language country (Lithuania) by analyzing the owners and publishers of scholarly journals. After collecting information about all scholarly journals published in 2020, a list of publishers and owners was compiled. The results show that since 1990, the publishing of Lithuanian scholarly journals has grown significantly: 225 scholarly journals were published in Lithuania, by 73 different publishers, in 2020. Social publishers, mostly state-funded universities, scientific institutes, colleges, still had the largest market share of scholarly periodicals, but commercial publishers also appeared and started to make a business out of publishing scholarly journals. Judging by the number of published articles, the five largest Lithuanian social publishers – state universities – published almost half of all scholarly articles published by Lithuanian publishers. Journals of social science were published the most, and one in five journals published in Lithuania applied relatively small publication fees. The analyzed data on publishers show that Lithuanian publishers have tried to take over and reorganize a number of scholarly journals from the Soviet era, while adapting to the dynamically changing world of scholarly publishing, and moving from simple product-sales models of the 20th century to new digital ecosystems of the 21st century, in which the essential distribution of publications is carried out digitally. The emerging diversity of publishers, the relatively moderate application of publication fees, and the growth in the number of articles show that Lithuanian publishers are quite well prepared for further challenges – the implementation of the European Science Foundation Plan S recommendations.
Aetiological Profile and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury among Neonates Admitted in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Northeast India: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kalita Dulal , Rahman Mahibur , Barman Diganta , Hussain Sabir
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) affects approximately 8%-24% of critically ill neonates, with a mortality rate ranging from 10%-61%. Groups of newborns at higher risk for AKI include those with perinatal hypoxia, Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), premature and very low birth weight infants, and newborns with sepsis. AKI is associated with poor short-term and long-term outcomes and has a multifactorial aetiology. Aim: To evaluate the aetiological profile and short-term outcomes of AKI in neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort (descriptive) study was conducted in the NICU at Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India, over a period of one year, from September 1, 2021, to August 31, 2022. A total of 100 neonates exhibiting signs and symptoms of AKI according to Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. Detailed neonatal history, including neonatal resuscitation, history of perinatal asphyxia, signs and symptoms of sepsis, Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), or any other symptoms, were recorded. The course and outcome of the neonates during their NICU stay were noted. Data were presented in terms of frequency (n) and percentages (%). Results: Among the 100 AKI neonates, 58 were males and 42 were females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.38:1. Out of 100 neonates, birth asphyxia constituted 40 (40%) cases, of cases, followed by sepsis in 30 (30%), RDS 27 (27%), dehydration 2 (2%), and obstructive uropathy in 1 (1%) case. Among the 100 AKI neonates, 64 (64%) cases were discharged, 35 (35%) expired, and 1 (1%) were transferred to the paediatric surgery department. Conclusion: Neonatal AKI is an independent contributor to morbidity and mortality. Therefore, early identification and prompt management are crucial for improving outcomes and prognosis.
A Comparative Analysis of the Climate Patterns of Comilla District with Different Regions of Bangladesh: A Study of Temperature and Rainfall Trends
Authors: Chowdhury J. M. Adeeb Salman , Kamruzzaman Md. , Khalek Md. Abdul
Published: November 2023

According to the global climate change index, Bangladesh has been identified as one of the countries facing the most vulnerability from climate change. In this proposed research, a comparative climate change trend analysis was done on various temperature and rainfall criteria for three climatic zones of Bangladesh (i.e., Comilla, Ishwardi, and Cox’s Bazar). The weather data was collected from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD), which covers the years 1950–2020 except Ishwardi station starts from the year 1961. The linear trend analysis revealed that the temperature was increased in all study stations, but Comilla station showed less increment in maximum 0.511°C and in minimum 0.546°C temperature compared to the other station. On the other hand, the Mann-Kendall trend analysis test found that the amount of rainfall that fell each year in Ishwardi, and Comilla was going down but is increasing in Cox's Bazar in Mk test 0.735. So far, the magnitude of change assessed by Sen’s Slope estimates also indicated the same trend direction for rainfall analysis with -1.67, 2.28,  -7.00 Ishwardi, Cox’s Bazar and Comilla respectively. Overall, the study found that the climate pattern of the Comilla district is much better for people and farming activities than the other two regions of Bangladesh. It never falls into an extreme situation in temperature, neither during summer nor in winter. It is also neither wet nor dry.
Mitigating Recordable Incidents in Nigeria's Oil & Gas Construction Industry: A Human Factor Engineering (HFE) Approach
Authors: Thomas Daniel Obioma , Nwaichi Eucharia Oluchi , Patricks Chinemerem
Published: November 2023

The Nigerian Oil and Gas construction industry poses significant risks due to incident prevention limiting factors. These factors include inadequate resource allocation, prioritization of production over safety, poor communication, insufficient supervision, suboptimal workplace design, weak risk perception, limited management commitment, worker incompetence, flawed design systems, and inadequate planning. This research aims to develop a human factor engineering model to support the reduction of the Total Recordable Incident Frequency (TRIFR) in Oil and Gas construction activities in Nigeria. The study involved site-based construction workers with a minimum of 2 years' experience in upstream, downstream, and midstream Oil construction industries. Data collection utilized a descriptive study design with structured questionnaires, and analysis employed SPSS-AMOS and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) techniques. Results indicated statistically significant correlations between human factors and TRIFR across workplace, task, personal, organizational, and design factors. The structural equation regression model further demonstrated the significance of human factors in relation to TRIFR. Specifically, path coefficients of 0.18, -0.4, 0.31, -1.06, and -0.21 were observed for personal, organizational, workplace, design, and task factors, respectively. In conclusion, the research proposes that engineered human factors can effectively contribute to reducing the total incident frequency rate. Recommendations include the establishment of a construction safety board by the Nigerian government, the implementation of integrated contractor construction health and safety management systems by organizations and workers embracing personal responsibility for safety to prevent or minimize incident frequency rates.
A “Food Is Medicine” Approach to Disease Prevention
Authors: Moran Alyssa J. , Roberto Christina A.
Published: November 2023

This Viewpoint argues that although “food is medicine” programs may help some patients prevent diet-related diseases, changing food industry behavior and ensuring that existing nutrition assistance programs are accessible and health-promoting are better strategies to make a difference.
Psychiatric Comorbidities and Schizophrenia in Youths With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Jeon Soo Min , Lee Dong Yun , Cha SangHun , Kwon Jin-Won
Published: November 2023

Importance

The association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia has received increased attention; however, evidence on the association between psychiatric comorbidities and subsequent schizophrenia in patients with ADHD is limited.

Objective

To investigate the risk of being diagnosed with schizophrenia in children and adolescents with ADHD considering the presence of psychiatric comorbidity.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a population-based, retrospective cohort study using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment claims database from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2019. Participants were children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years who received an ADHD diagnosis between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018, in the nationwide claims data of Korea. Data were analyzed from January 2010 to December 2019.

Interventions or Exposures

The presence of psychiatric comorbidity was assessed from diagnosis records within 1 year before ADHD diagnosis. Comorbidities were further categorized according to the number of comorbidities and specific comorbid disorders.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs, examining the association between psychiatric comorbidities and the risk of being diagnosed with schizophrenia. Furthermore, the occurrence of psychiatric comorbidity during the follow-up period was explored among patients without psychiatric comorbidity at baseline.

Results

A total of 211 705 patients with newly diagnosed ADHD were included. A total of 157 272 patients (74.3%) were male, and the age of 5 to 9 years showed the highest distribution (115 081 patients [54.4%]). Patients with psychiatric comorbidity had a significantly higher risk of being diagnosed with schizophrenia than those without (adjusted HR, 2.14; 95% CI, 2.05-2.23). The association between schizophrenia and psychiatric comorbidity became progressively greater with the increasing number of comorbidities. Several individual psychiatric disorders showed an association with development of schizophrenia, with ASD, intellectual disability, tic disorder, depression, and bipolar disorder being the top 5 disorders most associated. Furthermore, 3244 patients (73.8%) without psychiatric comorbidities experienced the emergence of other psychiatric disorders before schizophrenia occurrence.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this retrospective cohort study involving children and adolescents with ADHD, the presence of psychiatric comorbidity in patients with ADHD was associated with an increased risk of being diagnosed with schizophrenia, with an increased risk observed in multiple comorbidities and a wide variety of comorbidities. These findings highlight the significance of assessing and managing psychiatric comorbidities in patients with ADHD to decrease subsequent schizophrenia risk and allow for early intervention.
Dose‐rate dependence and IMRT QA suitability of EBT3 radiochromic films for pulse reduced dose‐rate radiotherapy (PRDR) dosimetry
Authors: Khan Ahtesham Ullah , Radtke Jeff , Hammer Clifford , Malyshev Julia , Morris Brett , Glide‐Hurst Carri , DeWerd Larry , Culberson Wesley , Bayliss Adam
Published: November 2023

Background

Pulsed reduced dose rate (PRDR) is an emerging radiotherapy technique for recurrent diseases. It is pertinent that the linac beam characteristics are evaluated for PRDR dose rates and a suitable dosimeter is employed for IMRT QA.

Purpose

This study sought to investigate the pulse characteristics of a 6 MV photon beam during PRDR irradiations on a commercial linac. The feasibility of using EBT3 radiochromic film for use in IMRT QA was also investigated by comparing its response to a commercial diode array phantom.

Methods

A plastic scintillator detector was employed to measure the photon pulse characteristics across nominal repetition rates (NRRs) in the 5–600 MU/min range. Film was irradiated with dose rates in the 0.033–4 Gy/min range to study the dose rate dependence. Five clinical PRDR treatment plans were selected for IMRT QA with the Delta4 phantom and EBT3 film sheets. The planned and measured dose were compared using gamma analysis with a criterion of 3%/3 mm. EBT3 film QA was performed using a cumulative technique and a weighting factor technique.

Results

Negligible differences were observed in the pulse width and height data between the investigated NRRs. The pulse width was measured to be 3.15 ± 0.01 and the PRF was calculated to be 3–357 Hz for the 5–600 MU/min NRRs. The EBT3 film was found to be dose rate independent within 3%. The gamma pass rates (GPRs) were above 99% and 90% for the Delta4 phantom and the EBT3 film using the cumulative QA method, respectively. GPRs as low as 80% were noted for the weighting factor EBT3 QA method.

Conclusions

Altering the NRRs changes the mean dose rate while the instantaneous dose rate remains constant. The EBT3 film was found to be suitable for PRDR dosimetry and IMRT QA with minimal dose rate dependence.
Game learning‐based system identification with binary‐valued observations under DoS attacks
Authors: Hu Chongyuan , Jia Ruizhe , Zhang Yanling , Guo Jin
Published: November 2023

The rapid progress in computer, communication, and sensor technology has led to the proliferation of cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) which have become integral to various sectors. However, their heavy dependence on open communication networks makes them vulnerable to network‐based attacks. To tackle these security concerns, this paper delves into game learning‐based system identification with binary‐valued observations in the presence of Denial‐of‐Service (DoS) attacks. We first formulate a game model to capture interactions between the attacker and defender. Focusing on piecewise constant DoS attacks, we then devise a defense strategy grounded in game learning principles. This strategy paves the way for crafting estimation algorithms for both the attack strategy and system parameters, with their performance scrutinized in specific stages. Through meticulous analysis and comprehensive numerical simulations, we have observed that the game learning approach outperforms the randomly selected defense strategy in terms of parameter estimation. This provides a novel and reliable approach to address security challenges within CPSs.
Establishing Epitaxial Connectedness in Multi‐Stacking: The Survival of Thru‐Holes in Thru‐Hole Epitaxy
Authors: Lee Youngjun , Lee Seungjun , Choi Jaewu , Kim Chinkyo , Kwon Young-Kyun
Published: November 2023

Thru‐hole epitaxy has recently been reported to be able to grow readily detachable domains crystallographically aligned with the underlying substrate over 2D mask material transferred onto a substrate. [Jang et al., Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2023, 10, 2201406] While the experimental demonstration of thru‐hole epitaxy of GaN over multiple stacks of h‐BN was evident, the detailed mechanism of how small holes in each stack of h‐BN survived as thru‐holes during multiple stacking of h‐BN was not intuitively clear. Here, Monte Carlo simulations is used to investigate the conditions under which holes in each stack of 2D mask layers can survive as thru‐holes during multiple stacking. If holes are highly anisotropic in shape by connecting smaller holes in a particular direction, thru‐holes can be maintained with a high survival rate per stack, establishing more epitaxial connectedness. Our work verifies and supports that thru‐hole epitaxy is attributed to the epitaxial connectedness established by thru‐holes surviving even through multiple stacks.
Co‐Encapsulating Enzymes and Carbon Dots in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Highly Stable and Sensitive Touch‐Based Sweat Sensors
Authors: Zheng Xin Ting , Leoi Melisa Wei Ning , Yu Yong , Tan Sherwin Chong Li , Nadzri Naeem , Goh Wei Peng , Jiang Changyun , Ni Xi Ping , Wang Pei , Zhao Meng , Yang Le
Published: November 2023

Wearable metabolite sensors are often limited by easily denaturable enzymes that only allow short‐duration monitoring. Although encapsulating enzymes in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) shows promise of long‐term enzyme protection, it is typically accompanied by significantly decreased activity due to increased diffusion barrier, steric hindrance for enzyme‐substrate binding, and poor enzyme‐electronic interface. Herein, the co‐encapsulation of enzymes and ultrasmall arginine‐derived carbon dots (Argdot) into a mesoporous Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐8 (mZIF‐8) matrix and the enhancement effect of Argdot on enzyme stability and activity, which consequently improves the electrochemical sensor's long‐term sensitivity are investigated. Specifically, the glucose oxidase (GOx)‐Argdot@mZIF‐8 nanocomposite consistently exhibits 40% higher electrochemical sensitivity compared to control GOx@mZIF‐8, an improvement similarly demonstrated with another model enzyme lactate oxidase (LOx). Furthermore, GOx‐Argdot@mZIF‐8 displays excellent stability, retaining 100% of initial sensitivity over 30 days of repeated testing at 37 °C. A touch‐based glucose sensor prototype is demonstrated as an excellent reusable sensor to monitor finger‐tip sweat glucose levels over one month at room temperature. This enzyme encapsulation strategy is not only useful for developing reusable sweat sensors with long‐term monitoring capability, but also promising to expand the industry use of enzymes under harsh conditions.
Rapid Prototyping of Thermoplastic Microfluidic 3D Cell Culture Devices by Creating Regional Hydrophilicity Discrepancy
Authors: Bai Haiqing , Olson Kristen N. Peters , Pan Ming , Marshall Thomas , Singh Hardeep , Ma Jingzhe , Gilbride Paige , Yuan Yu‐Chieh , McCormack Jenna , Si Longlong , Maharjan Sushila , Huang Di , Qian Xiaohua , Livermore Carol , Zhang Yu Shrike , Xie Xin
Published: November 2023

Microfluidic 3D cell culture devices that enable the recapitulation of key aspects of organ structures and functions in vivo represent a promising preclinical platform to improve translational success during drug discovery. Essential to these engineered devices is the spatial patterning of cells from different tissue types within a confined microenvironment. Traditional fabrication strategies lack the scalability, cost‐effectiveness, and rapid prototyping capabilities required for industrial applications, especially for processes involving thermoplastic materials. Here, an approach to pattern fluid guides inside microchannels is introduced by establishing differential hydrophilicity using pressure‐sensitive adhesives as masks and a subsequent selective coating with a biocompatible polymer. Optimal coating conditions are identified using polyvinylpyrrolidone, which resulted in rapid and consistent hydrogel flow in both the open‐chip prototype and the fully bonded device containing additional features for medium perfusion. The suitability of the device for dynamic 3D cell culture is tested by growing human hepatocytes in the device under controlled fluid flow for a 14‐day period. Additionally, the study demonstrated the potential of using the device for pharmaceutical high‐throughput screening applications, such as predicting drug‐induced liver injury. The approach offers a facile strategy of rapid prototyping thermoplastic microfluidic organ chips with varying geometries, microstructures, and substrate materials.
Mesoscience in Hollow Multi‐Shelled Structures
Authors: Wei Yanze , Zhao Decai , Wang Dan
Published: November 2023

The prevalence of mesoscale complexity in materials science underscores the significance of the compromise in competition principle, which gives rise to the emergence of mesoscience. This principle offers valuable insights into understanding the formation process, characteristics, and performance of complex material systems, ultimately guiding the future design of such intricate materials. Hollow multi‐shelled structures (HoMS) represent a groundbreaking multifunctional structural system that encompasses several spatial regimes. A plethora of mesoscale cases within HoMS present remarkable opportunities for exploring, understanding, and utilizing mesoscience, varying from the formation process of HoMS, to the mesoscale structural parameters, and finally the distinctive mass/energy transfer behaviors exhibited by HoMS. The compromise in competition between the diffusion and reaction contributes to the successful formation of multi‐shells of HoMS, allowing for precise regulation of the structural parameters by dynamically varying the interplay between two dominances. Moreover, the distinct roles played by the shells and cavities within HoMS significantly influence the energy/mass transfer processes with the unique temporal‐spatial resolution, providing guidance for customizing the application performance. Hopefully, the empirical and theoretical anatomy of HoMS following mesoscience would fuel new discoveries within this promising and complex multifunctional material system.
Construction of Triboelectric Series and Chirality Detection of Amino Acids Using Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Pal Arnab , Ganguly Anindita , Wei Po‐Han , Barman Snigdha Roy , Chang Chia‐Chih , Lin Zong‐Hong
Published: November 2023

Triboelectrification necessitates a frictional interaction between two materials, and their contact electrification is characteristically based on the polarity variance in the triboelectric series. Utilizing this fundamental advantage of the triboelectric phenomenon, different materials can be identified according to their contact electrification capability. Herein, an in‐depth analysis of the amino acids present in the stratum corneum of human skin is performed and these are quantified regarding triboelectric polarization. The principal focus of this study lies in analyzing and identifying the amino acids present in copious amounts in the stratum corneum to explain their positive behavior during the contact electrification process. Thus, an augmented triboelectric series of amino acids with quantified triboelectric charging polarity by scrutinizing the transfer charge, work function, and atomic percentage is presented. Furthermore, the chirality of aspartic acid as it is most susceptible to racemization with clear consequences on the human skin is detected. The study is expected to accelerate research exploiting triboelectrification and provide valuable information on the surface properties and biological activities of these important biomolecules.
Defining the clinical and procedural opportunities available to residents during rural rotations
Authors: Haefke Brandon , Scholz Daniel , Homme James (Jim) , Jones Derick
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Many emergency medicine (EM) residency programs include clinical rotations in rural emergency departments (“rural rotations”) as part of their curriculum. These rotations are designed to expose residents to clinical scenarios that are less frequently encountered in tertiary centers. The objective of this study was to determine the rate at which residents were exposed to certain clinical and procedural experiences (CPEs) while on rural rotations compared to their usual academic training hospital.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patient encounters involving EM residents at a large academic hospital in Rochester, Minnesota, compared with two rural hospitals in Austin, Minnesota, and Albert Lea, Minnesota, from July 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020. The frequency of each CPE was calculated and expressed as the number of CPEs encountered per 100 clinical hours worked. These values were compared between the rural and academic sites.

Results

A total of 33,417 patient encounters over a total of 41,700 resident clinical hours were analyzed between the three study sites. The two settings (rural vs. academic) had significant differences in baseline patient demographics including age, acuity, and admission rates. Several CPEs were found to occur at a higher frequency in the rural hospitals versus the academic hospital: ambulance necessity documentation (9.3/100 h rural vs. 0.07/100 h academic, p ≤ 0.0001), laceration repair (3.39/100 h rural vs. 2.0/100 h academic, p = 0.0004), and splint/cast application (1.53/100 h rural vs. 0.07/100 h academic, p ≤ 0.0001).

Conclusions

Rural EM rotations provide residents exposure to a variety of valuable educational experiences. These rotations may provide residents with superior exposures to some clinical experiences compared to academic hospitals, particularly out‐of‐ED transfers and orthopedic procedures. Residency programs without a current rural rotation should consider creating this as an option for their trainees.
Plant physical defenses contribute to a latitudinal gradient in resistance to insect herbivory within a widespread perennial grass
Authors: Headrick Kevin C. , Juenger Thomas E. , Heckman Robert W.
Published: November 2023

Premise

Herbivore pressure can vary across the range of a species, resulting in different defensive strategies. If herbivory is greater at lower latitudes, plants may be better defended there, potentially driving a latitudinal gradient in defense. However, relationships that manifest across the entire range of a species may be confounded by differences within genetic subpopulations, which may obscure the drivers of these latitudinal gradients.

Methods

We grew plants of the widespread perennial grass Panicum virgatum in a common garden that included genotypes from three genetic subpopulations spanning an 18.5° latitudinal gradient. We then assessed defensive strategies of these plants by measuring two physical resistance traits—leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf ash, a proxy for silica—and multiple measures of herbivory by caterpillars of the generalist herbivore fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).

Results

Across all genetic subpopulations, low‐latitude plants experienced less herbivory than high‐latitude plants. Within genetic subpopulations, however, this relationship was inconsistent—the most widely distributed and phenotypically variable subpopulation (Atlantic) exhibited more consistent latitudinal trends than either of the other two subpopulations. The two physical resistance traits, LMA and leaf ash, were both highly heritable and positively associated with resistance to different measures of herbivory across all subpopulations, indicating their importance in defense against herbivores. Again, however, these relationships were inconsistent within subpopulations.

Conclusions

Defensive gradients that occur across the entire species range may not arise within localized subpopulations. Thus, identifying the drivers of latitudinal gradients in herbivory defense may depend on adequately sampling the diversity within a species.
Unified Synthesis of 2‐Isocyanoallopupukeanane and 9‐Isocyanopupukeanane through a “Contra‐biosynthetic” Rearrangement
Authors: Hardy Melissa A. , Hayward Cooke Jack , Feng Zhitao , Noda Kenta , Kerschgens Isabel , Massey Lynée A. , Tantillo Dean J. , Sarpong Richmond
Published: November 2023

Herein, we describe our synthetic efforts toward the pupukeanane natural products, in which we have completed the first enantiospecific route to 2‐isocyanoallopupukeanane in 10 steps (formal synthesis), enabled by a key Pd‐mediated cyclization cascade. This subsequently facilitated an unprecedented bio‐inspired “contra‐biosynthetic” rearrangement, providing divergent access to 9‐isocyanopupukeanane in 15 steps (formal synthesis). Computational studies provide insight into the nature of this rearrangement.