bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Browse preference of captive black rhinos at Chipangali Wildlife Orphanage, Zimbabwe
Authors: Ndlovu Mduduzi , Mundy Peter
Published: November 2024

Captive black rhinos (Diceros bicornis) were offered five species of woody plant in ‘cafeteria’ trials, for the animals to show any dietary preferences. Six out of seven rhinos were mother-reared, half of them wild born the others captive born. The seventh rhino was hand-reared and this one consumed significantly less browse than did the mother-reared animals. Combretum hereroense, Acacia nilotica and Albizia amara were significantly more preferred than Acacia karroo and Peltophorum africanum. The last named had the highest tannin levels, soluble insoluble, and fibre-bound, which probably accounted for its low preference. No correlations were found between browse preference and crude protein, calcium and sodium.
On a donné aux rhinocéros noirs captifs (Diceros bicornis) cinq espèces de plantes ligneuses dans des essais de ‘cafétéria’, pour que les animaux manifestent toutes leurs préférences diététiques. Six rhinocéros sur sept avaient été élevés par leurs mères, la moitié d’entre eux étaient nés sauvages et les autres étaient nés en captivité. Le septième rhinocéros avait été élevé par les humains; celui-ci broutait considérablement moins que les animaux élevés par leurs mères. Les rhinos montraient des préférences significatives pour le Combretum hereroense, l’Acacia nilotica et l’Albizia amara par rapport à l’Acacia karroo et le Peltophorum africanum. Ce dernier avait des niveaux plus élevés de tanin, soluble, insoluble, et lié par des fibres ce qui a probablement expliqué sa faible préférence. On n’a trouvé aucune corrélation entre la préférence du broutage et les protéines brutes, le calcium et le sodium.
Determining the suitability of using eye wrinkle patterns for the accurate identification of individual black rhinos
Authors: Patton Felix , Jones Martin
Published: November 2024

Photograhic identification is used to identify individual black rhinos (Diceros bicornis) with the distinguishing features of sex, the size and shape of the anterior and posterior horns, peculiarities of the ears, the pattern of wrinkle contours on the snout, prominent scars and sores on the body, the state of the tail, body size including the size of a calf in relation to the mother and skin folds. Eye wrinkle patterns have received little attention but were found to be useful when separating a large number of photographs of 19 captive rhinos particularly for distinguishing individual sub-adults where other features such as horn length and shape were very similar. Each rhino was found to have unique eye wrinkle patterns which remained consistent when the eyes were open or closed. By developing and applying a series of tests, judgement errors that occur when reviewing eye wrinkle photographs were determined and are reported. Results show that individual black rhinos can be accurately identified from suitable photographs but, even for the best of the judges, using eye wrinkles alone to identify individual rhinos was not completely reliable.
Key words: photo-identification, photographs, black rhinos
L’identification photographique est utilisée à identifier différents rhinocéros noirs (Diceros bicornis) ayant des traits distinctifs de sexe, de taille et de la forme des cornes antérieure et postérieure, les particularités des oreilles, la configuration des contours des rides sur le museau, les cicatrices et les blessures sur le corps, l’état de la queue, la taille du corps - y compris celui d’un veau par rapport à sa mère - et les plis de la peau. Les configurations des rides oculaires ont suscité peu d’attention mais se sont avérés utiles quand on a organisé un grand nombre de photographies de dix-neuf rhinocéros captifs, surtout pour distinguer les différents sous-adultes alors que d’autres traits, comme la longueur et la forme de la corne, étaient semblables. Chaque rhinocéros s’est avéré avoir des configurations de rides oculaires qui restaient conformes que les yeux soient ouverts ou fermés. En développant et en appliquant une série de tests, les erreurs d’appréciation qui se produisent lorsqu’on examine les photographies des configurations des rides oculaires ont été déterminées et rapportées. Les résultats montrent qu’on peut correctement identifier les différents rhinocéros noirs à partir des photographies appropriées mais, même pour le meilleur des juges, les rides oculaires seules n’étaient pas complètement fiables pour identifier les individus.
The seasonal distribution of savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana africana) in Nazinga Game Ranch, southern Burkina Faso
Authors: Hema Emmanuel , Barnes Richard , Guenda Wendengoudi
Published: November 2024

Elephant wet and dry season distributions were compared at Nazinga Game Ranch in southern Burkina Faso. Dropping counts along line transects provided an index of occupancy at the end of each season: wet 2006, dry 2007 and dry 2008. We expected that the distribution of elephants would differ between the dry and the wet seasons, with elephants concentrating around water sources in the dry season and spreading out across the landscape during the wet season. Elephants were found to be clumped in both wet and dry seasons, although the degree of aggregation was much greater in the dry seasons, especially in the drier year of 2008. Human populations have increased dramatically around Nazinga in the last 15 years, and we speculate that the increasing abundance of crops outside in the wet season may influence the distribution of elephants inside the ranch area.
Key words: Nazinga, Burkina Faso, elephants, distribution, wet season, dry season
Les distributions d’éléphants des saisons pluvieuse et sèche, ont été comparées au Ranch de Gibier de Nazinga. L’indice d’occupation des éléphants dans le ranch à été estimé au moyen des mesures de déjections le long des transects, en fin de saison pluvieuse 2006 et en fin de saisons sèches 2007 et 2008. Les attentes étaient que la distribution des éléphants en saison sèche soit différente de celle de la saison pluvieuse; avec un regroupement des éléphants autour des points d’eau en saison sèche, puis leur dispersion dans les paysages de toute l’aire du ranch pendant la saison pluvieuse. Il a été observé que les éléphants étaient regroupés aussi bien en saison sèche qu’en saison pluvieuse; même si le degré d’agrégation était plus important en saison sèche particulièrement en 2008 qui était l’année la plus sèche. La densité des populations humaines a augmentée considérablement autour de Nazinga, pendant les 15 dernières années; nous soupçonnons que la disponibilité des cultures hors du ranch pendant la saison pluvieuse, pourrait influencer la distribution des éléphants à l’intérieur du ranch.
Elephant use and conflict leads to Tanzania’s first wildlife conservation corridor
Authors: Kikoti Alfred , Griffin Curtice , Pamphil Lee
Published: November 2024

Corridors linking protected areas are recommended for reducing the effects of human settlements that fragment African elephant (Loxodonta africana) home ranges and dispersal areas, and increase human-elephant conflicts. Community interviews and hilltop surveys were used in two Maasai villages in northern Tanzania in 2000 and 2001 to determine the extent of wildlife conflict, community attitudes towards elephants, and if elephants were using a vegetation corridor between the two villages to move between Tanzania and southern Kenya. Elephants were the most problematic species in the two villages adjacent to the corridor due to crop-raiding of primarily maize (Zea mays) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Although villagers considered elephants a nuisance, they believed they attracted tourists, and generally did not believe elephant numbers should be reduced. Elephants used the corridor primarily in the wet and early dry seasons, and breeding herds were more numerous than bull herds. Based upon elephant conflict and use, and the communities’ need to maintain areas for cattle grazing and medicinal plant collection, the two Maasai communities established the first wildlife conservation corridor in Tanzania working in co-operation with government authorities and other stakeholders.
Key words: Amboseli, community interviews, crop-raiding, hilltop surveys, human-elephant conflict, Kilimanjaro, transboundary movements
Les corridors reliant les aires protégées sont recommandés pour réduire les effets des peuplements humains qui fragmentent le domaine vital et les zones de dispersion de l’éléphant d’Afrique (Loxodonta africana), et augmentent les conflits hommes-éléphants. On a utilisé des interviews dans les communautés et des études à partir des collines chez les Maasai habitant deux villages au nord de la Tanzanie en 2000 et 2001 pour déterminer l’étendue des conflits avec la faune sauvage, les attitudes des communautés envers les éléphants, et si les éléphants utilisaient un corridor de végétation entre les deux villages pour se déplacer entre la Tanzanie et le sud du Kenya. Les éléphants étaient l‘espèce la plus problématique dans les deux villages adjacents au corridor à cause de la maraude des cultures, surtout de maïs (Zea mays) et de haricots (Phaseolus vulgaris). Bien que les villageois considèrent les éléphants comme une nuisance, ils croient qu’ils attirent les touristes, et en général ils ne croient pas que le nombre d’éléphants devrait être réduit. Les éléphants utilisaient le corridor principalement pendant la saison des pluies et au début de la saison sèche, et les troupeaux familiaux étaient plus nombreux que ceux des mâles. En se basant sur les conflits avec les éléphants et la nécessité des communautés de conserver les zones de pâturage et de collecte deplantes médicinales, les deux communautés Maasai ont créé le premier corridor pour la conservation de la faune en Tanzanie en collaboration avec les autorités gouvernementales et d’autres intervenants.
Biophysical and human factors determine the distribution of poached elephants in Tsavo East National Park, Kenya
Authors: Kyale Daniel , Ngene Shadrack , Maingi John
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the distribution of poached elephants as well as the biophysical and anthropogenic factors that determine the distribution of the poached elephants in Tsavo East National Park (TENP), Kenya. Data on the distribution of poached elephants, from 1990 to 2005, were acquired from elephant mortality database of the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS). The distribution of poached elephants was not random but exhibited a clustered pattern. Poaching of elephants was higher in the central and northern areas of TENP. Poaching hotspots occurred along the main rivers (i.e. Tiva, Galana and Voi Rivers). During the wet season, a high density of poached elephants was recorded within the grassland, bushland and open bushland. In the dry season, the density of poached elephants was highest in the woodland, bushland, open bushland and grassland environments. The distribution of poached elephants was significantly correlated with land cover, proximity to main rivers, surface water, ranger patrol bases, park gates, roads and park boundaries. Priority security patrols should be performed along the Galana, Tiva and Voi Rivers.
Key words: Elephant distribution, physical and human factors, mortality, poaching
Cette étude examine la répartition des éléphants braconnés, ainsi que les facteurs biophysiques et anthropiques qui déterminent la répartition des éléphants braconnés dans le Parc National de Tsavo Est, au Kenya. Les données sur la répartition des éléphants braconnés, de 1990 à 2005, ont été acquises à partir de la base de données du Service Kenyan de la Faune (KWS) sur la mortalité des éléphants. La répartition des éléphants braconnés n’était pas aléatoire, mais présentait une configuration regroupée. Le braconnage des éléphants était plus élevé dans les zones centrales et septentrionales du parc. Les points névralgiques de braconnage se trouvaient le long des rivières principales (c.-à-d. Tiva, Galana, et Voi). Au cours de la saison pluvieuse, on a enregistré une forte densité d’éléphants braconnés dans les herbages, la brousse et la brousse ouverte. Pendant la saison sèche, la densité des éléphants braconnés était la plus élevée dans la forêt claire, la brousse, la brousse ouverte et les herbages. La répartition des éléphants braconnés avait une corrélation significative avec la couverture du sol, la proximité des principaux cours d’eau, les eaux de surface, les bases de patrouilles des écogardes, les entrées du parc, les routes et les limites du parc. Les patrouilles prioritaires de sécurité devraient s’effectuer le long des fleuves Galana, Tiva et Voi.
The last chance for the Sumatran rhinoceros?
Authors: Nardelli Francesco
Published: November 2024

The Sumatran rhino (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) is very close to extinction in Indonesia. Three major ad hoc meetings, not two as generally reported, to discuss ways to save the Sumatran rhino were held in 1984, 1993 and 2013. Their targets have never been achieved. Despite the great efforts of the participants and other parties, the world population of D. sumatrensis has collapsed during the last 30 years from over 800 to fewer than 100. Besides worldwide phenomena like habitat loss and poaching, other specific causes lie behind this tragedy. The status of the Sumatran rhino has been optimistically overestimated. Precious time is being wasted in finding theoretical solutions rather than implementing the recommendations of these meetings. Political will to save the habitat and protect the species is lacking. After carefully evaluating the present Sumatran rhino conservation status, a breeding project greater than those so far managed has to go ahead as soon as possible to support the ongoing in situ programme and form a viable population in controlled environments for future reintroductions into the wild.
Le rhinocéros de Sumatra (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) est très proche de l’extinction en Indonésie. Il y a eu trois grandes réunions ad hoc et pas deux comme on l’a généralement signalé, organisées en 1984, 1993 et 2013 afin de discuter les voies et moyens pour sauver le rhinocéros de Sumatra. Leurs objectifs n’ont jamais été atteints. Malgré les efforts des participants et d’autres parties, la population mondiale de D. sumatrensis s’est effondrée à partir de plus de 800 rhinocéros à moins de 100 rhinocéros au cours des 30 dernières années. Outre les phénomènes à travers le monde comme la perte de l’habitat et le braconnage, il existe d’autres causes spécifiques derrière cette tragédie. La situation du rhinocéros de Sumatra a été surestimée avec optimisme. On gaspille un temps précieux dans la recherche des solutions théoriques plutôt que dans la mise en œuvre des recommandations de ces réunions. La volonté politique de sauver l’habitat et de protéger l’espèce fait défaut. Après avoir soigneusement évalué l’état actuel de la conservation du rhinocéros de Sumatra, un projet de reproduction plus grand que ceux gérés jusqu’ici doit être mis en place dès que possible pour soutenir le programme in situ déjà en cours et former une population viable dans des environnements contrôlés en vue des réintroductions futures dans la nature.
Ivory and religious statues in the Philippines today
Authors: Vigne Lucy
Published: November 2024

From 2009 corrupt officials in the Philippines were reported to have stolen tonnes of African elephant tusks that customs had confiscated in transit from Africa to China. In 2011 a survey found ivory being carved and ivory items sold in Manila (albeit small amounts). In February 2015 a follow-up survey was undertaken. Little had changed in the ivory market and government inspections were not preventing new illegal ivory items from entering the market. The wholesale price of raw ivory had risen slightly from USD 446/kg in 2011 to USD 462/kg in 2015 for average 5-kg (mostly African) tusks. In 2011 there were 20 retail outlets counted with 264 ivory items displayed for sale and in 2015 there were 24 shops with 350 items on display, most of them carved before 1990. Antique outlets displayed most of these items. Figures of Catholic saints predominated, followed by smaller human and animal figurines and jewellery, generally of Chinese or African origin, brought to Manila by members of Filipino diaspora. Prices of pre-1990 ivory items were generally the same as four years earlier. Vendors described how the stolen tusks provided a small flow of ivory for carving new religious figurines. Some new religious statues with ivory, up to 3 m high, were also seen openly on sale to the rich elite in Manila.
A partir de 2009, les fonctionnaires corrompus aux Philippines auraient volé des tonnes de défenses d’éléphants d’Afrique que les douanes avaient confisquées en transit provenant d’Afrique vers la Chine. En 2011, un sondage a révélé que l’ivoire était sculpté et les articles en ivoire étaient vendus à Manille (quoiqu’en petites quantités). En février 2015, une étude de suivi a été entreprise. Peu de choses avaient changé dans le marché de l’ivoire et des inspections du gouvernement n’empêchaient pas de nouveaux objets illégaux en ivoire d’entrer au marché. Le prix de vente en gros de l’ivoire brut avait légèrement augmenté, passant de 446 USD/kg en 2011 à 462 USD/kg en 2015 pour des défenses moyennes de 5 kg (principalement africaines). En 2011, on a compté 20 points de vente ayant 264 articles d’ivoire exposés à la vente et en 2015, il y avait 24 magasins ayant 350 objets exposés, la plupart d’entre eux sculptés avant 1990. Les magasins des antiques exposaient la plupart de ces articles. Les figurines de saints catholiques prédominaient, suivis par de petites figurines humaines et animales et les bijoux, généralement d’origine chinoise ou africaine, amenés à Manille par les membres de la diaspora philippine. Les prix des articles d’ivoire faits avant 1990 étaient généralement les mêmes que quatre ans plus tôt. Les vendeurs ont décrit comment les défenses volées fournissaient un petit flux d’ivoire pour la sculpture de nouvelles figurines religieuses. On a vu quelques nouvelles statues religieuses en ivoire, jusqu’à 3 m de haut, ouvertement en vente aux élites riches à Manille.
Rhinoceros pulling a plough—fact or fiction?
Authors: Rookmaaker Kees
Published: November 2024

Some stories tend to lead their own life in the media and are repeated without any idea how they came about. One instance is the tale, usually set in Assam, that rhinos could be tame enough to be used by farmers to pull ploughs in the fields (Stracey 1963:98, Dutta 1991:151, Geer 2008:383, Mazumdar and Mahanta 2016:19). Perhaps, but when did this practice change, as surely currently no rhinoceros can be seen anywhere used in this way.
Part II. Auctions and export from Mombasa 1960-1978: Elephant ivory, rhino horn and hippo teeth
Authors: Parker Ian SC , Graham A D
Published: November 2024

Elephant conservation policies in the last two decades of the 20th century and into the 21st century have focussed on extinguishing commerce in the illegal ivory trade. Yet in Uganda and Kenya prior to this, such policy was not seen as necessary. Despite a strong conservation paradigm from the very outset of the colonial era, both governments encouraged controlled trade in elephant tusks and in principle saw no conflict between it and conservation. Parts I and II of this paper illustrate aspects of policies prevailing across the colonial period, the better to understand the situation as it is today.
Twenty-three catalogues for auctions of ivory, rhino horn and hippo teeth held in Mombasa between November 1960 and June 1976 are analysed. They cover the sales made for the Kenya Government, Kenya National Parks, the Uganda Government and Uganda National Parks. Trade categories given in Part I allow for both sex and age to be assigned to tusks and yield population information on the elephants from which they came. These data also throw some light on the relative tusk sources: natural mortality, problem animal control and illegal traffic. Estimates of the revenue received are given.
Résumé
Les politiques de conservation des éléphants au cours des deux dernières décennies du 20e siècle et au cours du 21e siècle se sont concentrées sur l'extinction du commerce dans le trafic illicite de l'ivoire. Pourtant, en Ouganda et au Kenya auparavant, une telle politique n'était pas considérée comme nécessaire. Malgré un solide paradigme de conservation dès le tout début de l'ère coloniale, les deux gouvernements ont encouragé le commerce contrôlé des défenses d'éléphants et, dans son principe, n'ont vu aucun conflit entre celui-ci et la conservation. Les parties I et II de ce manuscrit illustrent les aspects des politiques en vigueur à l'époque coloniale, pour mieux comprendre la situation telle qu'elle est aujourd'hui.
Vingt-trois catalogues de ventes aux enchères d'ivoire, de corne de rhinocéros et d'hippopotames qui ont eu lieu à Mombasa entre novembre 1960 et juin 1976 sont analysés. Ils couvrent les ventes réalisées pour le gouvernement du Kenya, les parcs nationaux du Kenya, le gouvernement ougandais et les parcs nationaux de l'Ouganda. Les catégories commerciales indiquées dans la partie I permettent d'attribuer à la fois le sexe et l'âge aux défenses et de fournir des informations sur la population des éléphants dont elles sont issues. Ces données éclairent également les sources relatives des défenses: mortalité naturelle, contrôle des animaux problématiques et trafic illicite. Des estimations des revenus perçus sont fournies.
African Rhino Specialist Group report / Rapport du Groupe de Spécialistes du Rhinocéros d'Afrique
Authors: Knight Mike
Published: November 2024

Updated poaching statistics for 2019 are listed in Table 1. Encouragingly overall reported (minimum) poaching levels have continued to decline to 2.09 a day.  This represents a 43.5% decline since peak levels in 2015. Since the last edition of Pachyderm was published we have learned about another 2 southern white rhino that were poached in the DR Congo in 2018 that increases the revised 2018 total by 2.
Les statistiques mises à jour sur le braconnage pour 2019 sont énumérées dans le Tableau 1. Il est encourageant de constater que les niveaux de braconnage (minimum) globaux rapportés ont continué de baisser à 2,09 par jour. Cela représente une baisse de 43,5% depuis les pics de 2015. Depuis la publication de la dernière édition de Pachyderm, nous avons appris l'existence de 2 autres rhinocéros blancs du sud qui ont été braconnés en RD Congo en 2018, ce qui augmente le total révisé de 2018 de 2.
Guidelines for Contributors
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: November 2024

Guidelines for Contributors
A rudimentary assessment of rhinoceros horn regrowth in Africa based on photographs
Authors: Patton Felix Jonathan
Published: November 2024

Calves of all rhino species are born without horns. The anterior front horn starts to grow first followed by the posterior horn from about six months. The horn grows throughout the life of the rhino but is reshaped and influenced by use; namely from fighting, being rubbed on hard surfaces and by natural breakage.
Wallach (1969) described a female white rhino calf with a front horn of 2.54 cm at two months and 6.3 cm at five months old. Bigalke (1950) recorded a female white rhino with a horn of 5.6 cm long at 12 months and 8.2 cm at 18 months. Player (1967) recorded a 12-month old male with an anterior horn of 15.24 cm and an 18-month old female with a horn of 21 cm. A 30-month old female’s horn grew 10.2 cm from 12 months old, and the front horn of a 34-month male rhino grew to 7.6 cm by 12 months.
The annual growth rate of the anterior horn seems to decrease with age from around 6 cm/year in young adults and around 4cm/year in old adult animals (Cunningham and Berger 1994). A captive female white rhino showed a growth rate of around 6 cm/year (front horn) and 1.5 cm/year (rear horn) between four and eight years of age while a male, from five to nine years of age, showed front horn growth of 5 cm/year and rear horn 2 cm/year (Klös 1969).
Not so solitary? White rhinos seek company when relaxed
Authors: Pfannerstill Vera , Maboga Onkgopotse Somalia
Published: November 2024

White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) have been classified as “semi-social” as they often form groups or temporary aggregations of two to six individuals (Owen-Smith 1975; Patton et al. 2016; Pienaar 1994; Shrader and Owen-Smith 2002). Social behaviours such as grazing, and/or walking together and lying side by side, rubbing their head and body (sides) on another rhino and making panting contact calls, have been described in other studies (Owen-Smith 1975; Jenikejew et al. 2020). Playful behaviour such as horn wrestling has also been observed before in white rhinos (Owen-Smith 1975; Cinková and Bičík 2013).
Our field research in Botswana supports findings about the sociability of white rhinos and adds the observation of a calf suckling from a female that was not her biological mother, to the spectrum of social interactions between rhinos.
We observed one to three adult rhinos per day over a period of 60 days between March and May 2020. During the observation, we focused on one individual, hereafter called the “focal rhino”, and videorecorded it for 30 minutes. We identified the rhinos through their individual ear notches and observed them in semi-randomized order at different times of the day. For each observation, we noted the number of individuals in a group at the same location. There was potential for more than eight adults to meet in the reserve (the total numbers of individuals are withheld for security reasons). Furthermore, the rhinos were dehorned after 30 days, and we were able to monitor whether dehorning had an effect on the group sizes.
Aspects of white rhino movement over a 12-month period based on hourly GPS location data
Authors: Patton Felix , Campbell Petra , Genade Angie
Published: November 2024

Eight female southern white rhinos were monitored by ranger teams at the 64 km2 Ziwa Rhino Sanctuary (ZRS), Uganda, 24 hours per day, seven days per week for the year 1 May 2020–30 April 2021. The teams kept the monitored rhinos in view at all times, albeit from a safe distance. In bushier habitat, the rangers would be within 50 metres of the rhinos while in open habitat the rangers could be as much as 150 metres from them. Each ranger team had a smartphone installed with Cybertracker software. These were used to record various details of rhino behaviour including which sector and block the rhino had spent time in, and their GPS location; both on an hourly basis. Such detailed data for free ranging white rhinos has not been published before.
Population status of the greater one-horned rhino in India and Nepal, and the importance of regular monitoring
Authors: Sharma Amit
Published: November 2024

The greater one-horned rhino (GOH), (Rhinoceros unicornis) is one of the largest in number of the five existing rhino species. Until recently the GOH rhino was prominently found to occupy areas along the Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra valley. The GOH is an iconic species in India, and currently even though the population numbers seem to be healthy, the distribution is mainly confined to small pockets in Nepal and India with the majority of the population confined to a single protected area (PA). Hunting and habitat destruction pushed the species to the brink of extinction, and by the early 20 th century only around 200 were found (Rookmaaker et al. 2016). However, effective protection and conservation measures along with active population management including range expansion programmes have helped the species recover to its present status.
Development of a new Human-Elephant Coexistence Toolbox for communities living with African savannah elephants (Loxodonta Africana)
Authors: King Lucy , Raja Naiya , Kumar Meha , Heath Nicola , Pope Frank
Published: November 2024

This field note is to invite our colleagues to peer review and test a new illustrated Human-Elephant Coexistence (HEC) Toolbox that is being developed in Kenya by Save the Elephants (STE) under the organizations’ mission to secure a future for elephants and to develop a tolerant relationship between humans and elephants. Through presenting the first edition here (Fig. 1), we are inviting our elephant colleagues and community leaders from across the African savannah elephant range States to provide feedback, or any corrections, on the tools, as well as sharing content for additional methods not yet represented. By publishing our process and methods for how we are compiling this encyclopaedia of HEC tools and this novel approach to the peer review process, we hope to provide a transparent process to gauging the validity of the methods presented. This is particularly important because some of the technical advice around the conflict reduction tools presented are not published formally in the scientific literature.
Cycles in the Corona of Graphs: A Polynomial Representation
Authors: Villarta Cerina , Lapura Precious , Domen Phoebe , Sappayani Sherlyn , Amiruddin-Rajik Bayah , Artes Jr. Rosalio
Published: November 2024

In this work, we characterize the induced cycles in the vertex corona of graphs. Moreover, we establish the induced cycle polynomial of graphs resulting from this binary graph operation
FARMACÊUTICOS NA LINHA DE FRENTE: ABORDAGENS INOVADORAS PARA GERENCIAR A RESISTÊNCIA AOS ANTIBIÓTICOS EM IDOSOS
Authors:   Michel Santos Da Silva, Medeiros Leonardo Rodrigues De
Published: November 2024

O objetivo geral do trabalho é avaliar abordagens inovadoras adotadas por farmacêuticos na gestão da resistência aos antibióticos em idosos, promovendo o uso racional desses medicamentos. A metodologia envolveu pesquisa bibliográfica com foco em publicações científicas de 2020 a 2024, buscando artigos sobre a atuação de farmacêuticos na resistência antimicrobiana. Foram selecionados artigos que tratavam diretamente do tema, utilizando palavras-chave como "farmacêuticos", "antibióticos", "idosos" e "inovação". No desenvolvimento, o estudo destacou a importância da reconciliação medicamentosa, monitoramento da adesão ao tratamento e programas educativos para idosos e suas famílias. A reconciliação medicamentosa permite identificar interações e ajustar as terapias, evitando o uso indevido de antibióticos. Além disso, a utilização de ferramentas digitais auxilia no monitoramento em tempo real da adesão ao tratamento, promovendo ajustes conforme necessário. Os farmacêuticos desempenham um papel essencial na implementação de protocolos de uso racional de antibióticos. A conclusão enfatiza que o aumento da resistência aos antibióticos em idosos é um grande desafio de saúde pública, e a atuação dos farmacêuticos na linha de frente é fundamental para otimizar a terapia, prevenir complicações e controlar a resistência antimicrobiana.
SISTEMA DE GESTÃO DE VENDAS E ESTOQUE: PARA LOJAS DE VAREJO
Authors: Sousa Ítalo Azevedo , Elleres Pablo Augusto da Paz
Published: November 2024

Este artigo demonstra as funcionalidades de um sistema, que são voltadas para mercados de pequeno porte no setor de varejo, onde se vê a possibilidade de aumentar a organização e o controle de itens armazenados num banco de dados. Para esta pesquisa utilizou-se inicialmente a pesquisa bibliográfica onde reuniu-se importantes conhecimentos na área de tecnologia para obter-se entendimento sobre o funcionamento de um sistema de gestão de vendas e estoque, utilizando-se de tecnologias bastante populares no ramo como a linguagem de programação Java e o banco de dados MySql, por fim, realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa, na qual os resultados satisfatórios relacionados ao ponto de vista de funcionamento do sistema. O objetivo da pesquisa é desenvolver um sistema de gestão de vendas e estoque: para lojas de varejo, com vistas a mostrar o potencial que a digitalização de certos processos possui nos mercados, lembrando que sua aplicação é mais voltada para mercados varejistas, ou seja, aqueles que vendem de tudo, porém de pequeno porte, onde no futuro um novo módulo poderá ser anexado para se tornar um sistema ERP de fato. E como resultados da pesquisa obteve-se um percentual satisfatório, cerca de 100% dos entrevistados definiram o desempenho e o designcomo positivo, 83% para confiabilidade e 67% para usabilidade. Na medida em que os entrevistados fornecem uma opinião compatível no qual o sistema foi pensado, o sistema agradou a todos, pois foi explicado para as mesmas a sua finalidade e que isso serve de demonstração do grande potencial que com organização e ferramentas corretas consegue-se criar um sistema que atenda todos os públicos desde pequeno até grande porte de lojista do ramo do varejo.
TRÁFICO HUMANO
Authors:   Enock Oliveira da Silva, Erci Daniele Kaepp
Published: November 2024

This work deals with human trafficking, which is an illicit market that has been occurring since ancient times and is considered the third most profitable crime in the world. In this way, the bibliographic methodology and the deductive method are used, the first being consistent in the use of research sources for the present preparation of the article and the second starting from logical premises for the conclusion of the analyses. The main objective is to analyze the purposes of human trafficking and the reasons that contribute to the dimension of the crime, as well as to investigate and point out the ways in which Brazil is facing this problem. Furthermore, it reports on the legislation relevant to combating human trafficking, as well as suggestions for measures to be adopted by the State as a way of preventing this illicit activity, as well as presenting support measures for victims of this crime. Bringing enlightenment to such a dark and multi-layered topic is removing the veil of ignorance from the eyes of humanity, thus turning them towards the gaze of knowledge.
Navigating Burnout in the Public Sector: Strategies for Enhancing Employee Well-Being and Organizational Performance
Authors: Raed Awashreh  , Hisham AlGhunaimi
Published: November 2024

Burnout has become a critical concern in public sector organizations, with recent studies showing that its impacts extend beyond employees' personal well-being, severely affecting organizational performance. This article aims to identify key contributors to burnout by extracting qualitative secondary data, including research findings, case study material, and employee narratives. Using Maslach's Burnout Inventory as a framework, the study focuses on emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment as the primary dimensions of burnout. Key factors such as high workload, bureaucratic pressure, and emotional labor are examined, alongside their detrimental consequences on job performance, mental health, and public trust. This study highlights successful leadership interventions aimed at mitigating burnout. Case studies from public health agencies, local government offices, social services, and educational institutions reveal that leadership style, resource deployment, and employee engagement are significant in minimizing burnout and enhancing job satisfaction. Transformational leadership, flexible work arrangements, peer support programs, and recognition initiatives are presented as practical interventions that improve employee well-being. The article also underscores limitations in existing literature and calls for more comprehensive, longitudinal studies across distinct public sector roles to fully capture the long-term effects of burnout. Furthermore, it stresses the importance of incorporating employee feedback into the design of well-being initiatives to promote work-life balance. In conclusion, this paper offers actionable recommendations for public sector leaders and policymakers, advocating for a holistic approach to managing burnout. By fostering supportive work environments, public sector organizations can enhance their effectiveness in serving communities, while contributing valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on organizational well-being.
Biomarkers in Air Pollution Exposure Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Gupta Rajnish , Yadav Suresh
Published: November 2024

Air pollution, a global environmental issue, is comprised of complex mixtures of gases and particulate matter which pose substantial health risks including respiratory diseases and cancer. Biomarkers are measurable indicators of biological processes and are essential for understanding the health impact of air pollution. This study reviews key biomarkers associated with air pollution exposure and their implications for health risk assessment. Inflammatory biomarkers, oxidative stress markers, lung function parameters, and biomarkers of DNA damage emerged as crucial indicators of air pollution-induced health effects. The assessment of air pollution-related biomarkers may be performed using biomonitoring, exposure assessment, oxidative stress assays, genetic and epigenetic analysis, and omics technologies. Challenges and limitations in utilizing biomarkers for assessing health risks linked to air pollution exposure include response variability, specificity, multiple exposure sources, and ethical issues that hinder biomarker research and analysis. Future progress in biomarker detection technologies could involve the integration of multiomics methods, personalized exposure assessment techniques, wearable biosensors, detection of emerging pollutants, and a combination of biomarkers and artificial intelligence tools. Implementing biomarkers in regulatory decisions and public health policies can help mitigate air pollution’s adverse health effects and improve air quality standards.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM PEMANTAUAN KETINGGIAN AIR PADA TANDON AIR RUMAH BERBASIS IOT DENGAN APLIKASI BLYNK
Authors: Riandi Akbar Ramiz  , Lalu Delsi Samsumar  , Ahmad Subki  , M. Zulpahmi
Published: November 2024

Air merupakan unsur yang sangat penting, namun ketersediaanya semakin terbatas. Meningkatnya kebutuhan air akibat pertumbuhan air akibat pertumbuhan populasi perlu diperhatikan. Sebagian masyarakat sering lupa pada saat mengisi air ke tandon menyebabkan air meluber sia-sia. Dampak dari hal tersebut menyebabkan kerugian bagi para masyarakat karena harus membayar lebih dari tagihan air PDAM. Perkembangan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) memberikan peluang bagi masyarakat untuk mengimplementasikan-nya ke tandon air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk dapat menghasilkan sistem pemantauan ketinggian air pada tandon air berbasis IoT dengan aplikasi Blynk. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Prototype. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sensor ultrasonik dapat mengukur jarak air dengan baik. Pompa dapat menggerakkan air ke tandon berdasarkan jarak air pada tandon kemudian tampil pada LCD dan Blynk.
PERANCANGAN SMART FARMER PADA TANAMAN PADI MENGGUNAKAN ESP8266 BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)
Authors: Juniyardi Lalu , Suryadi Emi , Akbar Ardiyallah , Samsumar Lalu Delsi
Published: November 2024

Masalah hama burung pada tanaman padi merupakan masalah serius bagi petani, karena dapat mengakibatkan penurunan hasil panen yang signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk sistem pengusir hama burung berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) dalam judul Smart Farmer Pada Tanaman Padi Menggunakan ESP8266 Berbasis IoT yang efektif dan efisien untuk melindungi tanaman padi. Sistem ini dirancang untuk mendeteksi kehadiran burung secara real-time dan mengusirnya menggunakan kombinasi suara dan gerakan. Metodologi penelitian meliputi tahap perancangan perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak, pengujian di lapangan, dan analisis data. Sistem ini menggunakan sensor PIR (Passive Infrared) untuk deteksi gerakan dari burung, NodeMCU ESP8266 sebagai pengendali utama, dan DFPlayer Mini yang terhubung dengan speaker untuk memutar suara pengusir burung. Sistem juga dilengkapi dengan dua motor servo yang menggerakkan objek yang menakuti burung. Semua komponen ini diintegrasikan melalui jaringan IoT untuk memungkinkan pemantauan dan pengendalian jarak jauh. Hasil pengujian di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa sistem pengusir hama burung berbasis IoT ini mampu mendeteksi kehadiran burung dengan akurasi yang tinggi dan mengusirnya secara efektif. Penggunaan kombinasi suara dan gerakan terbukti lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional. Sistem ini juga dapat dipantau dan dikendalikan secara real-time melalui aplikasi berbasis web, memberikan kemudahan bagi petani dalam mengelola dan mengawasi perangkat pengusir hama.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN UKM BERBASIS INOVASI YANG BERKELANJUTAN: STUDI DI KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Kurniati Edy Dwi , Supraptini Nunuk , Ayu Pitaloka Dharma
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian terhadap: (1) Pemetaan sumberdaya inovasi (internal, eksternal) untuk Pengembangan UKM Berbasis Inovasi di Kabupaten Semarang, (2) merumuskan strategi pengembangan UKM berbasis inovasi di Kabupaten Semarang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) atau workshop dengan staff instansi terkait di Kabupaten Semarang, observasi lapangan serta menggunakan data sekunder dari intansi terkait untuk menganalisis peluang dan tantangan berdasarkan situasi global, lokal dan potret kondisi aktual permasalahan kapasitas UKM selama ini. Selanjutnya, analisis strategi model pengembangan UKM Berbasis Inovasi Di Kabupaten Semarang melalui pendekatan analisis SWOT. Hasil kajian menemukan hasil sebagai berikut. Pertama, faktor eksternal kunci dalam pengembangan UKM berbasis inovasi di Kabupaten Semarang meliputi: perkembangan teknologi digital, dukungan pemerintah daerah, dinamika pasar dan intensitas persaingan. Faktor internal kunci yang merupakan kekuatan UKM adalah fleksibilitas dan agilitas, sedangkan faktor internal yang merupakan kelemahan UKM meliputi kapasitas manajemen dan kelemahan UKM dari efisiensi skala ekonomi. Kedua, strategi pengembangan UKM berbasis inovasi di Kabupaten Semarang, meliputi: (1) mendorong UKM untuk go digital dan naik kelas yaitu dengan memanfaatkan teknologi untuk inovasi dalam meningkatkan daya saing melalui efisiensi produksi dan operasional, perluasan pasar, dan praktik manajemen kualitas, (2) ketersediaan akses inovasi terbuka, (3) pengembangan kapasitas inovasi UKM yang terintegrasi dan berkelanjutan.
HUKUM ZINA DALAM PERSPEKTIF JINAYAH: KONSEP DAN PENERAPANNYA DI NEGARA INDONESIA
Authors: Amanina Pairuz , Dinda
Published: November 2024

ABSTRAK
Zina sebagai pelanggaran terhadap norma moral dan hukum syariah dalam Islam, menjadi isu penting di berbagai masyarakat, termasuk di Indonesia. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konsep zina dalam perspektif Islam, serta implikasi hukum dan sosialnya di Indonesia. Menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun terdapat perbedaan dalam penerapan hukum, upaya kolektif dari masyarakat dan lembaga keagamaan sangat penting dalam mendorong kesadaran dan kepatuhan terhadap nilai-nilai moral Islam.
Kata kunci: Zina, Hukum Islam, Indonesia, Moralitas, Penegakan Hukum.
 
 
ABSTRACT
Adultery as a violation of moral norms and sharia law in Islam, has become an important issue in various societies, including in Indonesia. This article aims to examine the concept of adultery from an Islamic perspective, as well as its legal and social implications in Indonesia. Using the Library Study Method as a data collection technique. The research results show that although there are differences in the application of the law, collective efforts from society and religious institutions are very important in encouraging awareness and compliance with Islamic moral values.
Keywords: Adultery, Islamic Law, Indonesia, Morality, Law Enforcement.
Vers une « pluriversité » inspirée de la musique participative
Authors: Pairon Lukas
Published: November 2024

Cet article présente la nécessité de développer des recherches critiques sur la pratique musicale participative, à travers une présentation des initiatives dont l’auteur est fondateur : le réseau international de chercheurs simm, ainsi que la Chaire Jonet de l’Université de Gand. Il adopte dans cet article la notion de « pluriversité » – décrite par l’anthropologue américano-colombien Arturo Escobar – et développe à partir de quelques exemples comment les bâtisseurs de ponts que sont les facilitateurs de projets participatifs de musique pourront nous aider à imaginer la réalisation d’un monde composé d’une multiversité de mondes.
Primeros datos sobre el murciélago de Nathusius Pipistrellus nathusii (Keyserling & Blasius, 1839) en la Región de Murcia
Authors: Lisón Fulgencio , Yelo Néstor D. , Balsalobre Manuel , Calvo José F.
Published: November 2024

First recording of Nathusius’ Pipistrelle Pipistrellus nathusii (Keyserling & Blasius, 1839) in the Region of Murcia This is the first reference to the presence of Nathusius’s pipistrelle, Pipistrellus nathusii, in the region of Murcia (SE Spain). Specimens were observed and captured in the Sierra Espuña Regional Park, a natural protected area, with forests mainly composed of Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis). The individuals of Pipistrellus nathusii formed part of a colony of approximately 50 individuals, located 760 m above sea level, where the main species was Pipistrellus kuhlii. Most of the individuals forming the colony was examined by hand, taking note of their biometric characteristics. This record represents an important contribution to the scarce knowledge of the distribution of this species in the Iberian Peninsula, and is the first reference for the bat fauna of the Region of Murcia.
Gastronomide Fonksiyonel Bir Ürün: Vişne Sirkesi
Authors: Budak Nilgün H
Published: November 2024

Sirke içerdiği bileşenler sebebi ile aroma verici ve koruyucu olarak kullanılmaktadır. Meyvelerden üretilen meyve sirkeleri ise son dönemde fonksiyonel ürünler arasında büyük ilgi görmektedir. Meyve aromaları açısından zengin meyve sirkeleri aynı zamanda faydalı biyoaktif bileşenler içermesi nedeniyle sindirimi kolaylaştırıcı, kalsiyum emilimini destekleyici, kan basıncını dengeleyici, kardiyovasküler hastalıklardan koruyucu, serum insülinini düzenleyici, antitümör, antibakteriyel, antioksidan etkileri nedeniyle sağlıklı ürünler arasındadır.
Bu araştırmada, vişneden iki farklı üretim yöntemi ile elde edilmiş vişne sirkesinin duyusal analizi yapılarak, tanımlayıcı özellikleri belirlenmiş ve ideal oranlarda beğenirlik düzeyi yüksek olan ürünün tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen vişne sirkelerinin duyusal özelliklerinin tespit edilmesi için panel kartı hazırlanmıştır. Araştırmanın duyusal analiz kısmı iki aşama olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Eğitimli panelist grubuna tanımlayıcı duyusal analiz ve hedonik beğenilirlik testi uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca gastronomi alanında vişne ve vişne sirkesinin kullanımının araştırılması hedeflenmiştir.
TURİZM İŞLETMELERİNİN ANİMASYON FAALİYETLERİNİ KONU ALAN ULUSAL YAZININ BİBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ
Authors: İnaltekin Emrah
Published: November 2024

Turizm, sektörel ve endüstriyel anlamda gelişmiş bir çalışma sahasına sahip olduğu ölçüde olduğu kadar aynı zamanda akademik literatür açısından da önemli bir yere sahiptir. Turizm ile ilgili yapılan akademik çalışmaların literatürde yoğun bir şekilde var olmasının temel nedeninin farklı alt dallara sahip olduğunun varsayılmasıdır. Bu alt dallardan biri olan animasyon faaliyetleri de turizm literatürüyle olduğu kadar rekreasyon ve boş zaman yönetimi alanlarıyla da bütünleşik olarak mevcut olan popüler bir alanı temsil etmektedir. Bu çerçevede yapılan çalışmada, turizm işletmelerinin animasyon faaliyetleri ile ilgili ulusal literatürde yer alan çalışmalar bibliyometrik analize tabi tutulmuştur. Bibliyometrik analiz kapsamında, çalışmaların anahtar kelime sayıları; yayın yılları, yazarların unvanları ve çalışma türleri üzerinden veriler toplanmıştır. Bu kapsamda yapılan analiz ile çalışmaların 2000 ila 2023 yılları arasında yayınlandığı, ağırlıklı olarak 4 ila 6 arasında anahtar kelime kullanıldığı, yüksek oranda makale türünde yayınlar yapıldığı ve yayın yapan araştırmacıların unvan olarak karma bir şekilde hem akademisyenlerden hem de öğrencilerden oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir.