bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive review of gallium nitride (GaN)-based gas sensors and their dynamic responses
Authors: Jiang Yang , Li Wenmao , Du Fangzhou , Sokolovskij Robert , Zhang Yi , Shi Shuhui , Huang Weiguo , Wang Qing , Yu Hongyu , Wang Zhongrui
Published: June 2023

This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent progress in GaN-based gas sensors with a focus on their dynamic-related responses, mechanisms and applications, which are important for sensing performance, efficiency, and signal processing.
Non-concentration quenching and energy transfer enhanced green emission in Ca8SrGd(PO4)7:Eu2+,Tb3+ for near-UV white LEDs with a high color rendering index
Authors: Wang Shaoyu , Lyu Zeyu , Lu Zheng , Wang Lixuan , Wang Jianhui , Sun Dashuai , Tan Taixing , Shen Sida , You Hongpeng
Published: June 2023

Approximately 6 times emission enhancement is achieved by the Eu2+ to Tb3+ energy transfer in Ca8SrTd(PO4)7 without concentration quenching and the as-prepared phosphor has been used for near-ultraviolet WLEDs with a high color rendering index.
Possible episodic infall towards a compact disk in B335
Authors: Bjerkeli Per , Ramsey Jon P. , Harsono Daniel , Plunkett Adele , Li Zhi-Yun , van der Wiel Matthijs H. D. , Calcutt Hannah , Jørgensen Jes K. , Kristensen Lars E.
Published: June 2023

Context. Previous observations of the isolated Class 0 source B335 have presented evidence of ongoing infall in various molecular lines, such as HCO+, HCN, and CO. There have been no confirmed observations of a rotationally supported disk on scales greater than ~12 au.

Aims. The presence of an outflow in B335 suggests that a disk is also expected to be present or undergoing formation. To constrain the earliest stages of protostellar evolution and disk formation, we aim to map the region where gas falls inwards and observationally constrain its kinematics. Furthermore, we aim to put strong limits on the size and orientation of any disk-like structure in B335.

Methods. We used high angular resolution 13CO data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and combined it with shorter-baseline archival data to produce a high-fidelity image of the infall in B335. We also revisited the imaging of high-angular resolution Band 6 continuum data to study the dust distribution in the immediate vicinity of B335.

Results. Continuum emission shows an elliptical structure (10 by 7 au) with a position angle 5 degrees east of north, consistent with the expectation for a forming disk in B335. A map of the infall velocity (as estimated from the 13CO emission), shows evidence of asymmetric infall, predominantly from the north and south. Close to the protostar, infall velocities appear to exceed free-fall velocities. Three-dimensional (3D) radiative transfer models, where the infall velocity is allowed to vary within the infall region, may explain the observed kinematics.

Conclusions. The data suggest that a disk has started to form in B335 and that gas is falling towards that disk. However, kinematically-resolved line data towards the disk itself is needed to confirm the presence of a rotationally supported disk around this young protostar. The high infall velocities we measured are not easily reconcilable with a magnetic braking scenario, suggesting that there is a pressure gradient that allows the infall velocity to vary in the region.
Study of a sample of faint Be stars in the exofield of CoRoT
Authors: Zorec J. , Hubert A. M. , Martayan C. , Frémat Y.
Published: June 2023

Context. The search and interpretation of non-radial pulsations from Be star light curves observed with the CoRoT satellite requires high-quality stellar astrophysical parameters.

Aims. The present work is devoted to the spectroscopic study of a sample of faint Be stars observed by CoRoT in the fourth long run (LRA02).

Methods. The astrophysical parameters were determined from the spectra in the λλ4000–4500 Å wavelength domain observed with the VLT/FLAMES instruments at ESO. Spectra were fitted with models of stellar atmospheres using our GIRFIT package. Spectra obtained in the λλ6400–7200 Å wavelength domain enabled the confirmation or, otherwise, a first identification of Be star candidates.

Results. The apparent parameters (Teff, log g, Vsin i) for a set of 19 B and Be stars were corrected for the effects induced by the rapid rotation. These allowed us to determine: (1) stellar masses that are in agreement with those measured for detached binary systems; (2) spectroscopic distances that agree with the Gaia parallaxes; and (3) centrifugal/gravity equatorial force ratios of ~0.6–0.7, which indicate that our Be stars are subcritical rotators. A study of the Balmer Hα, Hγ and Hδ emission lines produced: (1) extents of the circumstellar disk (CD) emitting regions that agree with the interferometric inferences in other Be stars; (2) R– dependent exponents n(R) = ln[ρ(R)/ρo]/ln(Ro/R) of the CD radial density distributions; and (3) CD base densities ρo similar to those inferred in other recent works.

Conclusions. The Hγ and Hδ emission lines are formed in CD layers close to the central star. These lines produced a different value of the exponent n(R) than assumed for Hα. Further detailed studies of Hγ and Hδ emission lines could reveal the physical properties of regions where the viscous transport of angular momentum to the remaining CD regions is likely to originate from. The subcritical rotation of Be stars suggests that their huge discrete mass-ejections and concomitant non-radial pulsations might have a common origin in stellar envelope regions that become unstable to convection due to rotation. If it is proven that the studied Be stars are products of binary mass transfer phases, the errors induced on the estimated Teff by the presence of stripped sub-dwarf O/B companions are not likely to exceed their present uncertainties.
ExoMDN: Rapid characterization of exoplanet interior structures with mixture density networks
Authors: Baumeister Philipp , Tosi Nicola
Published: June 2023

Aims.Characterizing the interior structure of exoplanets is essential for understanding their diversity, formation, and evolution. As the interior of exoplanets is inaccessible to observations, an inverse problem must be solved, where numerical structure models need to conform to observable parameters such as mass and radius. This is a highly degenerate problem whose solution often relies on computationally expensive and time-consuming inference methods such as Markov chain Monte Carlo.

Methods.We present ExoMDN, a machine-learning model for the interior characterization of exoplanets based on mixture density networks (MDN). The model is trained on a large dataset of more than 5.6 million synthetic planets below 25 Earth masses consisting of an iron core, a silicate mantle, a water and high-pressure ice layer, and a H/He atmosphere. We employ log-ratio transformations to convert the interior structure data into a form that the MDN can easily handle.

Results.Given mass, radius, and equilibrium temperature, we show that ExoMDN can deliver a full posterior distribution of mass fractions and thicknesses of each planetary layer in under a second on a standard Intel i5 CPU. Observational uncertainties can be easily accounted for through repeated predictions from within the uncertainties. We used ExoMDN to characterize the interiors of 22 confirmed exoplanets with mass and radius uncertainties below 10 and 5%, respectively, including the well studied GJ 1214 b, GJ 486 b, and the TRAPPIST-1 planets. We discuss the inclusion of the fluid Love numberk2as an additional (potential) observable, showing how it can significantly reduce the degeneracy of interior structures. Utilizing the fast predictions of ExoMDN, we show that measuringk2with an accuracy of 10% can constrain the thickness of core and mantle of an Earth analog to ≈13% of the true values.
Evidence for a gamma-ray molecular target in the enigmatic PeVatron candidate LHAASO J2108+5157
Authors: de la Fuente E. , Toledano-Juárez I. , Kawata K. , Trinidad M. A. , Yamagishi M. , Takekawa S. , Tafoya D. , Ohnishi M. , Nishimura A. , Kato S. , Sako T. , Takita M. , Sano H. , Yadav R. K.
Published: June 2023

Context. Peta-eV (PeV) astronomy emerged in 2021 with the discovery of ultra-high-energy gamma-ray sources associated with powerful natural particle accelerators known as PeVatrons. In order to determine the nature of their emission, namely whether it has a hadronic or leptonic origin, it is essential to characterise the physical parameters of the environment where it originates.

Aims. We unambiguously confirm the association of molecular gas with the PeVatron candidate LHAASO J2108+5157 using unprecedented high angular-resolution (17″) 12, 13CO(J = 1 → 0) observations carried out with the Nobeyama 45m radio telescope.

Methods. We characterised a molecular cloud in the vicinity of the PeVatron candidate LHAASO J2108+5157 by determining its physical parameters from our 12, 13CO(J = 1 → 0) line observations. We used an updated estimation of the distance to the cloud, which provided a more reliable result. The molecular emission was compared with excess gamma-ray images obtained with Fermi-LAT at energies above 2 GeV to search for spatial correlations and test a possible hadronic (π0 decay) origin for the gamma-ray emission.

Results. We find that the morphology of the spatial distribution of the CO emission is strikingly similar to that of the Fermi-LAT excess gamma ray. By combining our observations with archival 21 cm HI line data, the nucleons (HI + H2) number density of the target molecular cloud is found to be 133.0 ± 45.0 cm−3, for the measured angular size of 0.55 ± 0.02° at a distance of 1.6 ± 0.1 kpc. The resulting total mass of the cloud is M(HI + H2) = 7.5±2.9×103 M⊙. Under a hadronic scenario, we obtain a total energy of protons of Wp = 4.3 ± 1.5 × 1046 erg with a cutoff of 700±300 TeV, which reproduces the sub-PeV gamma-ray emission.

Conclusions. We identified a molecular cloud in the vicinity of LHAASO J2107+5157 as the main target where cosmic rays from an unknown PeVatron produce the observed gamma-ray emission via π0 decay.
A comprehensive review on the deformation behavior of refractory high entropy alloys at elevated temperatures
Authors: Bamisaye Olufemi Sylvester , Maledi Nthabiseng , Van der Merwe Josias , Klenam Desmond Edem Primus , Bodunrin Michael Oluwatosin , Akinwekomi Akeem Damilola
Published: June 2023

Thermo-mechanical processing of refractory high entropy alloys (RHEAs) at high temperatures is very important. It is an effective method of modifying the microstructure, properties, and shaping into final components after casting. Using the Scopus database, 57 articles relating to the hot deformation of refractory high entropy alloys were extracted from 2011 to 2022. Despite the limited number of articles on hot deformation of RHEAs, it is important to find out if the dominant softening mechanisms reported in other metallic alloys are evident. This is the main impetus for this study since the hot deformation behavior has not been comprehensively studied. All the probable mechanisms influencing deformation in metallic alloys, such as work hardening, dynamic recrystallization, and dynamic recovery, have also been observed in RHEAs. The bulging phenomenon, serrated grain boundaries, and necklace-like structures reported in metallic alloys have also been detected in hot deformed RHEAs. Unsafe deformation behavior such as cracks that have been reported in metallic alloys, have also been observed in RHEAs. This review has provided a comprehensive study on the hot working processes of RHEAs and highlighted critical gaps for future research direction with some suggested limitations.
Further results on outer independent 2-rainbow dominating functions of graphs
Authors: Samadi Babak , Soltankhah Nasrin
Published: June 2023

Let G = (V(G), E(G)) be a graph. A function f : V(G) → ℙ({1, 2}) is a 2-rainbow dominating function if for every vertex v with f(v) = ∅, f(N(v)) = {1, 2}. An outer-independent 2-rainbow dominating function (OI2RD function) of G is a 2-rainbow dominating function f for which the set of all v 2208 V(G) with f(v) = ∅ is independent. The outer independent 2-rainbow domination number (OI2RD number) γoir2(G) is the minimum weight of an OI2RD function of G. In this paper, we first prove that n/2 is a lower bound on the OI2RD number of a connected claw-free graph of order n and characterize all such graphs for which the equality holds, solving an open problem given in an earlier paper. In addition, a study of this parameter for some graph products is carried out. In particular, we give a closed (resp. an exact) formula for the OI2RD number of rooted (resp. corona) product graphs and prove upper bounds on this parameter for the Cartesian product and direct product of two graphs.
Verordnung von Antidiabetika und glykämische Kontrolle bei Erwachsenen mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 im zeitlichen Verlauf: Auswertung aus dem DPV-Register aus den Jahren 2005 bis 2021
Authors: Gölz Stefan , Eckert Alexander , Wosch Fran Jürgen , Hugenberg Inge , Karl Manuela , Seufert Jochen , Nun-Boetzel Heike , Wagner Siegfried , Weber-Lauffer Rosemarie , Milek Karsten , Naudorf Michael , Holl Reinhard Walter
Published: June 2023

In der vorliegenden Auswertung aus dem DPV-Register wird der Einsatz von unterschiedlichen
Antidiabetika zwischen den Jahren 2005 bis 2021 ausgewertet und analysiert. Es konnten Daten
von insgesamt 405790 Menschen mit Diabetes ausgewertet werden (2464078 Beobachtungsjahre). Die
Population (53,4 % männlich) war im Median 70,91 Jahre alt bei einer medianen Diabetesdauer
von ca. 9 Jahren. Im Laufe des Auswertungszeitraumes nahm der Anteil der über 80-jährigen
kontinuierlich zu.

Seitens der Therapie nahm der Anteil der lediglich mit Insulin behandelten Patienten
ebenso ab wie der Anteil der lediglich mit Lebensstil behandelten Patienten. Metformin wurde
tendenziell zunehmend häufiger eingesetzt. Für Sulfonlyharnstoffe zeigte sich eine komplette
gegensätzliche Entwicklung gegenüber den DPP-IV-Inhibitoren mit einer Zunahme dieser seit 2007
etablierten Substanzgruppe. Seit ungefähr 2015 zeigen sich deutlich zunehmende
Verordnungshäufigkeiten für SGLT-2-Inhibitoren sowie GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten bei gleichzeitig
zu erkennendem allmählichem Rückgang der DPP-IV-Inhibitorverordnungen.

Während der Anteil der Metformin-Verordnungen im Beobachtungszeitraum in allen
Altersgruppen kontinuierlich und weitgehend parallel anstieg, sind für SGLT-2-Inhibitoren und
GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten anfänglich bei der Gruppe der unter 60-jährigen und erst zeitversetzt
auch der älteren Patienten eingesetzt worden. Seitens der Geschlechterunterschiede in den
Verordnungen gibt es für GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten quasi keine Unterschiede, bei Metformin gibt
es ein ganz leichtes Überwiegen der männlichen Patienten, welches bei SGLT-2-Inhibitoren
deutlicher wird.

Die mittlere glykämische Kontrolle ausgedrückt durch den HbA1c-Wert liegt in der gesamten
Kohorte im Median bei 7,11 % (54,2 mmol/Mol) mit einem weitgehend unveränderten Verlauf über
den Beobachtungszeitraum und einer klaren Differenzierung dahingehend, dass jüngere Patienten
den höchsten medianen HbA1c aufweisen und die älteste Kohorte den niedrigsten.

Die Daten werden im Kontext sich ändernder Leitlinien und Empfehlungen diskutiert und
analysiert.
Universal Urine Drug Screening with Rapid Confirmation upon Admission to Labor and Delivery
Authors: Haizler-Cohen Lylach , Collins Ana , Kaplan Dana M. , Giri Priyadarshani , Davidov Adi , Blau Jonathan , Fruhman Gary
Published: June 2023

Objective This study aimed to describe our experience with universal urine drug screening (UDS) with rapid confirmation (RC) via liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) before infant's discharge, in efforts to increase detection of neonates at risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) while reducing patient burden related to false positive results.

Study Design Two-phase retrospective study of all pregnant women admitted to our labor and delivery (L&D) unit before (phase 1, April 2018–March 2019) and after (phase 2, October 2019–September 2020) RC of UDS was initiated. Urine samples were obtained on admission and screened for drugs using an enzyme immunoassay with positive results reflexed to confirmation via LC-MS. The turnaround time for LC-MS was 1 week in phase 1 and 24 hours in phase 2. For mothers with positive LC-MS confirmation, the infant's meconium was sent for drug screening. Positive results were determined to be true or false positive based on urinary LC-MS results. The primary outcome was the rate of opioid-positive mothers who were unanticipated. The secondary outcome was the difference in rate of neonates who were observed for NOWS, before and after implementation of RC with LC-MS.

Results In phase 2, a total of 2,395 deliveries occurred of which 2,122 (88.6%) had available UDS results. Fifty-two (2.5%) women had a positive UDS for at least one drug with LC-MS confirmation. Of those, 25 were true positive and 27 were false positive. Twenty-one (84%) true positive mothers were taking opioids and 8 (37%) of them were unanticipated positives. Among mothers with positive UDS for opioids, the neonatal observation rate for development of NOWS was 100% (22/22) and 48% (21/44) before and after implementation of LC-MS RC, respectively.

Conclusion Universal UDS and LC-MS RC in L&D may improve detection of unanticipated positive mothers whose infants are at risk of NOWS. RC of positive results allows intervention only for confirmed cases.

Key Points
Determination of the Sterilization Dose of Gamma-Ray Irradiation for Polyvinyl Alcohol-Collagen-Chitosan Composite Membrane as a Material for Periodontal Regenerative Surgery
Authors: Susanto Agus , Komara Ira , Beatrix Maria Theresia , Lukitowati Fajar , Amaliya Amaliya , Hendiani Ina , Miranda Aldilla
Published: June 2023

Objective Membrane sterility is very necessary considering its function as an implant material. Therefore, this research aims to determine the dose of gamma-ray irradiation for the sterilization of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–collagen–chitosan composite membranes used as regenerative surgery materials.

Materials and Methods A total of 100 pieces of the composite membranes were prepared in a size of 2.0 × 1.5 cm by mixing 7.5% PVA, 3% collagen, and 2% chitosan using the film casting method in three batches. Furthermore, the bioburden test was performed to determine the initial microbial count in the sample by following ISO 11737-1. The results were used to ascertain the dose of gamma-ray irradiation on the sample according to ISO 11137-2. The dose verification test was then performed at the sterility assurance level 10−6.

Results The average result of the bioburden test from three batches was 6.6 colony forming unit; hence, the verification dose was 4.8 kGy. In the verification dose test, since there was only one contaminated sample, the sterility dose test was continued.

Conclusion The sterile gamma-ray irradiation dose for PVA–collagen–chitosan composite membrane was 17.1 kGy.
Mindfulness trait mediates between schizotypy and hallucinatory experiences
Authors: Tagami Ubuka , Imaizumi Shu
Published: June 2023

Schizotypy is a personality trait in healthy people that is related to schizophrenic symptoms. People with high schizotypy tend to have hallucinatory experiences. The relationship between high schizotypy and hallucinatory experiences could be explained by mindfulness traits and stress. To test our hypothesized model, we conducted a preregistered online survey in a Japanese non-clinical sample. In the preregistered analysis, structural equation modeling revealed that our model insufficiently fit our data and stress did not mediate between schizotypy and hallucinatory experiences. However, consistent with our hypothesis, mindfulness traits mediated between them. Exploratory analysis revealed that the model including three facets of mindfulness traits (i.e., observing, acting with awareness, and non-judging) as mediators fit our data best. These findings suggest that attention to current experiences could be a key factor in understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying hallucinatory experiences in schizotypy and hallucinations in schizophrenia.
Has corporate involvement in government-initiated corporate social responsibility activities increased corporate value?—Evidence from China’s Targeted Poverty Alleviation
Authors: Jing Jielin , Wang Jianling , Hu Zhuochen
Published: June 2023

Poverty remains the biggest challenge facing the world today. In 2016, the Chinese government launched a national campaign to eradicate poverty by 2020, among which Chinese listed companies have made significant contributions to. This paper focuses on the targeted poverty alleviation (TPA) and investigates the relationship between corporate participation in TPA and its corporate value. As compared to firm’s own corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, participating in government-initiated CSR activities can better enhance corporate value. This is especially so when firms engage in penetrative “integrated poverty alleviation” rather than the direct approach of “donative poverty alleviation”. This paper adopts the Mediating Effect Model to explain the relationship between corporate participation in TPA and their corporate value, with the shareholding ratio of institutional investors, government subsidies and corporate reputation as mediating factors. Findings suggest that corporations’ active implementation of TPA actions can increase the shareholding ratio of institutional investors and government subsidies and improve corporate reputation, thereby significantly increasing their corporate value. However, the impact of participation in TPA on corporate value is limited by factors including the nature of property rights, the intensity of competition in the industry and the degree of marketization. The impact is generally more significant in state-owned enterprises, areas with lesser industry competition and higher marketization. This study provides a fresh perspective for theories related to CSR, poverty eradication and corporate value of listed companies.
Toward new liquid crystal phases of DNA mesogens
Authors: Gallagher Kit , Yu Jiaming , King David A. , Liu Ren , Eiser Erika
Published: June 2023

Short, partially complementary, single-stranded (ss)DNA strands can form nanostructures with a wide variety of shapes and mechanical properties. It is well known that semiflexible, linear dsDNA can undergo an isotropic to nematic (IN) phase transition and that sufficiently bent structures can form a biaxial nematic phase. Here, we use numerical simulations to explore how the phase behavior of linear DNA constructs changes as we tune the mechanical properties of the constituent DNA by changing the nucleotide sequence. The IN-phase transition can be suppressed in so-called DNA “nunchakus”: structures consisting of two rigid dsDNA arms, separated by a sufficiently flexible spacer. In this paper, we use simulations to explore what phase behavior to expect for different linear DNA constructs. To this end, we first performed numerical simulations exploring the structural properties of a number of different DNA oligonucleotides using the oxDNA package. We then used the structural information generated in the oxDNA simulations to construct more coarse-grained models of the rod-like, bent-core, and nunchaku DNA. These coarse-grained models were used to explore the phase behavior of suspensions of the various DNA constructs. The approach explored in this paper makes it possible to “design” the phase behavior of DNA constructs by a suitable choice of the constituent nucleotide sequence.
Ladder symmetries of black holes and de Sitter space: love numbers and quasinormal modes
Authors: Berens Roman , Hui Lam , Sun Zimo
Published: June 2023

In this note, we present a synopsis of geometric symmetries for (spin 0) perturbations around (4D) black holes and de Sitter space. For black holes, we focus on static perturbations, for which the (exact) geometric symmetries have the group structure of
SO(1,3). The generators consist of three spatial rotations, and three conformal Killing vectors obeying a special melodic condition. The static perturbation solutions form a unitary (principal series) representation of the group. The recently uncovered ladder symmetries follow from this representation structure; they explain the well-known vanishing of the black hole Love numbers. For dynamical perturbations around de Sitter space, the geometric symmetries are less surprising, following from the SO(1,4) isometry. As is known, the quasinormal solutions form a non-unitary representation of the isometry group. We provide explicit expressions for the ladder operators associated with this representation. In both cases, the ladder structures help connect the boundary condition at the horizon with that at infinity (black hole) or origin (de Sitter space), and they manifest as contiguous relations of the hypergeometric solutions.
A diffeomorphism invariant family of metric-affine actions for loop cosmologies
Authors: Delhom Adrià , Olmo Gonzalo J. , Singh Parampreet
Published: June 2023

In loop quantum cosmology (LQC) the big bang singularity is generically resolved by a big bounce. This feature holds even when modified quantization prescriptions of the Hamiltonian constraint are used such as in mLQC-I and mLQC-II. While the later describes an effective description qualitatively similar to that of standard LQC, the former describes an asymmetric evolution with an emergent Planckian de-Sitter pre-bounce phase even in the absence of a potential. We consider the potential relation of these canonically quantized non-singular models with effective actions based on a geometric description. We find a 3-parameter family of metric-affinef(ℛ) theories which accurately approximate the effective dynamics of LQC and mLQC-II in all regimes and mLQC-I in the post-bounce phase. Two of the parameters are fixed by enforcing equivalence at the bounce, and the background evolution of the relevant observables can be fitted with only one free parameter. It is seen that the non-perturbative effects of these loop cosmologies are universally encoded by a logarithmic correction that only depends on the bounce curvature of the model. In addition, we find that the best fit value of the free parameter can be very approximately written in terms of fundamental parameters of the underlying quantum description for the three models. The values of the best fits can be written in terms of the bounce density in a simple manner, and the values for each model are related to one another by a proportionality relation involving only the Barbero-Immirzi parameter.
Photonic Dirac cone and topological transition in a moving dielectric slab
Authors: Pan 潘 Xinyang 昕阳 , Li 李 Haitao 海涛 , Dong 董 Weijie 为杰 , Zhou 周 Xiaoxi 萧溪 , Wang 王 Gang 钢 , Hou 侯 Bo 波
Published: June 2023

The moving media theory is applied to a photonic confined structure which is a continuous dielectric slab waveguide with the uniaxial anisotropy and without the discrete translational symmetry. The moving effect not only brings about non-reciprocity to the whole photonic band structure in the co-moving and counter-moving directions, but also leads to the topological transition of local degenerate points within the band diagram. We demonstrate through calculation that the type-II Dirac point can be turned into type-I Dirac point when the uniaxial slab is moving over certain speed. Our results provide a new approach to regulate the topology of degeneracy for two-dimensional photonic bands in the continuous translational symmetry condition.
Bipolar-growth multi-wing attractors and diverse coexisting attractors in a new memristive chaotic system
Authors: Huang 黄 Wang-Peng 旺鹏 , Lai 赖 Qiang 强
Published: June 2023

This article proposes a non-ideal flux-controlled memristor with a bisymmetric sawtooth piecewise function, and a new multi-wing memristive chaotic system (MMCS) based on the memristor is generated. Compared with other existing MMCSs, the most eye-catching point of the proposed MMCS is that the amplitude of the wing will enlarge towards the poles as the number of wings increases. Diverse coexisting attractors are numerically found in the MMCS, including chaos, quasi-period, and stable point. The circuits of the proposed memristor and MMCS are designed and the obtained results demonstrate their validity and reliability.
Covert-inspired flaps: an experimental study to understand the interactions between upperwing and underwing covert feathers
Authors: Zekry Diaa A , Nam Taewoo , Gupta Rikin , Zhu Yufei , Wissa Aimy A
Published: June 2023

Birds are agile flyers that can maintain flight at high angles of attack (AoA). Such maneuverability is partially enabled by the articulation of wing feathers. Coverts are one of the feather systems that has been observed to deploy simultaneously on both the upper and lower wing sides during flight. This study uses a feather-inspired flap system to investigate the effect of upper and lower side coverts on the aerodynamic forces and moments, as well as examine the interactions between both types of flaps. Results from wind tunnel experiments show that the covert-inspired flaps can modulate lift, drag, and pitching moment. Moreover, simultaneously deflecting covert-inspired flaps on the upper and lower sides of the airfoil exhibit larger force and moment modulation ranges compared to a single-sided flap alone. Data-driven models indicate significant interactions between the upper and lower side flaps, especially during the pre-stall regime for the lift and drag response. The findings from this study are also biologically relevant to the observations of covert feathers deployment during bird flight. Thus, the methods and results summarized here can be used to formulate new hypotheses about the coverts role in bird flight and develop a framework to design covert-inspired flow and flight control devices for engineered vehicles.
Recent massive expansion of wildfire and its impact on active layer over pan-Arctic permafrost
Authors: Zhu Xingru , Xu Xiyan , Jia Gensuo
Published: June 2023

Wildfire is recognized as an increasing threat to the southern boreal forests and the permafrost beneath them, with less occurring over the cold continuous permafrost than before. However, we show that continuous permafrost was a major contribution to wildfire expansion in the pan-Arctic over the last two decades. The expansion rate of burned area over continuous permafrost was 0.9 Mha decade−1, in contrast to a decreasing trend (−0.5 Mha decade−1) over the entire permafrost areas. Burned area has been rapidly growing in the north of the Arctic Circle in particular, where the total burned area in the major fire seasons during 2011–2020 nearly doubled that during 2001–2010. Wildfire expansion is closely linked to an increased soil moisture deficit, considering wildfires there combust more than 90% of belowground fuel. Continuous permafrost experiences more severe fire-induced degradation. Active layer thickening following wildfires over continuous permafrost lasts more than three decades to reach a maximum of more than triple the pre-fire thickness. These new findings highlight the massive expansion of wildfires over continuous permafrost, which can dramatically modify ecological processes, disturb organic carbon stock, and thus accelerate the positive feedback between permafrost degradation and climate warming.
Envisioning a sustainable agricultural water future across spatial scales
Authors: Troy Tara J , Bowling Laura C , Jame Sadia A , Lee Charlotte I , Liu Jing , Perry Chris , Richter Brian
Published: June 2023

Sustainable agricultural water systems are critical to ensure prosperous agricultural production, secure water resources, and support healthy ecosystems that sustain livelihoods and well-being. Many growing regions are using water unsustainably, leading to groundwater and streamflow depletion and polluted water bodies. Often, this is driven by global consumer demands, with environmental and social impacts occurring in regions far from where the crop is ultimately consumed. This letter defines sustainable agricultural water limits, both for quantity and quality, tying them to the impacts of agricultural water use, such as impacts on ecosystems, economies, human health, and other farmers. Imposing these limits will have a range of both positive and negative impacts on agricultural production, food prices, ecosystems, and health. Pathways forward exist and are proposed based on existing studies, showing the gains that can be made from the farm to global scale to ensure sustainable water systems while sustaining agricultural production.
Plasma synthesis of various polymorphs of tungsten trioxide nanoparticles using gliding electric discharge in humid air: characterization and photocatalytic properties
Authors: SEUTCHA Romaric L , KAMGANG-YOUBI Georges , ACAYANKA Elie , VERMILE Valeria , DEVRED François , GAIGNEAUX Eric M , LAMINSI Samuel
Published: June 2023

A gliding electric arc (glidarc) discharge generates a low-temperature plasma at atmospheric pressure. When the discharge occurs in humid air as the feed gas, the chemistry of a glidarc plasma consists of in situ formation of HO° and NO° as the primary chemical species. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanoparticles were successfully prepared by exposure of a liquid precursor to glidarc plasma. The WO3 samples were calcined at three different temperatures (300 °C, 500 °C and 800 °C), resulting in different pure polymorphs: γ-WO3 (at 300 °C), β-WO3 (at 500 °C) and α-WO3 (at 800 °C) according to x-ray diffraction analysis. The identification of WO3 compounds was also confirmed by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Increase in the calcination temperature of WO3 induced a decrease in its specific surface area according to Brunauer–Emmett–Teller nitrogen physisorption analysis. The UV-visible results showed that the absorption bands of plasma-WO3 samples were more intense than those of WO3 samples obtained by a precipitation route, a classical method used for comparison. Consequently, this parameter can improve the photocatalytic properties of WO3 under visible light. The photodegradation (in sunlight conditions) of gentian violet, chosen as a model pollutant, confirmed the photocatalytic properties of plasma-WO3 samples. This novel synthesis method has great potential to improve the efficiency of advanced tungsten trioxide-based functional material preparation, as well as in pollution-reducing and energy-saving tungsten extractive metallurgy.
Evaluation of a pharmacist-provider collaborative clinic for treatment of iron deficiency in patients with heart failure
Authors: Kido Kazuhiko , Fang Wei , Broscious Rachael , Colvin Bailey M , Kamal Khalid M , Bianco Christopher , Caccamo Marco , Felpel Kevin , Sokos George
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Intravenous iron therapy is recommended to improve symptoms and exercise tolerance in patients with heart failure (HF) with ­reduced ejection fraction and iron deficiency (ID), but there are limited published data on the implementation of intravenous iron therapy in practice. A pharmacist-provider collaborative ID treatment clinic was established within an advanced HF and pulmonary hypertension service to optimize IV iron therapy. The objective was to evaluate the clinical impacts of the pharmacist-provider collaborative ID treatment clinic.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed to compare clinical outcomes among patients of the collaborative ID treatment clinic (the postimplementation group) and a cohort of patients who received usual care (the preimplementation group). The study included patients 18 years of age or older with diagnosed HF or pulmonary hypertension who met prespecified criteria for ID. The primary outcome was adherence to institutional intravenous iron therapy guidance. A key secondary outcome was ID treatment goal achievement.

Results

A total of 42 patients in the preimplementation group and 81 in the postimplementation group were included in the study. The rate of adherence to the institutional guidance was significantly improved in the postimplementation group (93%) compared to the preimplementation group (40%). There was no significant difference in the ID therapeutic target achievement rate between the pre- and postimplementation groups (38% vs 48%).

Conclusion

Implementing a pharmacist-provider collaborative ID treatment clinic significantly increased the number of patients who adhered to intravenous iron therapy guidance compared to usual care.
CroMaSt: a workflow for assessing protein domain classification by cross-mapping of structural instances between domain databases and structural alignment
Authors: Dhondge Hrishikesh , Chauvot de Beauchêne Isaure , Devignes Marie-Dominique
Published: June 2023

Motivation

Protein domains can be viewed as building blocks, essential for understanding structure–function relationships in proteins. However, each domain database classifies protein domains using its own methodology. Thus, in many cases, domain models and boundaries differ from one domain database to the other, raising the question of domain definition and enumeration of true domain instances.

Results

We propose an automated iterative workflow to assess protein domain classification by cross-mapping domain structural instances between domain databases and by evaluating structural alignments. CroMaSt (for Cross-Mapper of domain Structural instances) will classify all experimental structural instances of a given domain type into four different categories (‘Core’, ‘True’, ‘Domain-like’ and ‘Failed’). CroMast is developed in Common Workflow Language and takes advantage of two well-known domain databases with wide coverage: Pfam and CATH. It uses the Kpax structural alignment tool with expert-adjusted parameters. CroMaSt was tested with the RNA Recognition Motif domain type and identifies 962 ‘True’ and 541 ‘Domain-like’ structural instances for this domain type. This method solves a crucial issue in domain-centric research and can generate essential information that could be used for synthetic biology and machine-learning approaches of protein domain engineering.

Availability and implementation

The workflow and the Results archive for the CroMaSt runs presented in this article are available from WorkflowHub (doi: 10.48546/workflowhub.workflow.390.2).

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
A cross-validation-based statistical theory for point processes
Authors: Cronie Ottmar , Moradi Mehdi , Biscio Christophe A N
Published: June 2023

Motivated by the general ability of cross-validation to reduce overfitting and mean square error, we develop a cross-validation-based statistical theory for general point processes. It is based on the combination of two novel concepts for general point processes: cross-validation and prediction errors. Our cross-validation approach uses thinning to split a point process/pattern into pairs of training and validation sets, while our prediction errors measure discrepancy between two point processes. The new statistical approach, which may be used to model different distributional characteristics, exploits the prediction errors to measure how well a given model predicts validation sets using associated training sets. Having indicated that our new framework generalizes many existing statistical approaches, we then establish different theoretical properties for it, including large sample properties. We further recognize that nonparametric intensity estimation is an instance of Papangelou conditional intensity estimation, which we exploit to apply our new statistical theory to kernel intensity estimation. Using independent thinning-based cross-validation, we numerically show that the new approach substantially outperforms the state-of-the-art in bandwidth selection. Finally, we carry out intensity estimation for a dataset in forestry and a dataset in neurology.
Under pressure—mechanisms and risk factors for orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption: a systematic review
Authors: Dawood Hassan M , Kroeger Annika , Chavda Vinay , Chapple Iain L C , Kebschull Moritz
Published: June 2023

Background

The application of orthodontic forces causes root resorption of variable severity with potentially severe clinical ramifications.

Objective

To systematically review reports on the pathophysiological mechanisms of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) and the associated risk factors based on in vitro, experimental, and in vivo studies.

Search methods

We undertook an electronic search of four databases and a separate hand-search.

Selection criteria

Studies reporting on the effect of orthodontic forces with/without the addition of potential risk factors on OIIRR, including (1) gene expression in in-vitro studies, the incidence root resorption in (2) animal studies, and (3) human studies.

Data collection and analysis

Potential hits underwent a two-step selection, data extraction, quality assessment, and systematic appraisal performed by duplicate examiners.

Results

One hundred and eighteen articles met the eligibility criteria. Studies varied considerably in methodology, reporting of results, and variable risk of bias judgements.

In summary, the variable evidence identified supports the notion that the application of orthodontic forces leads to (1) characteristic alterations of molecular expression profiles in vitro, (2) an increased rate of OIIRR in animal models, as well as (3) in human studies. Importantly, the additional presence of risk factors such as malocclusion, previous trauma, and medications like corticosteroids increased the severity of OIIRR, whilst other factors decreased its severity, including oral contraceptives, baicalin, and high caffeine.

Conclusions

Based on the systematically reviewed evidence, OIIRR seems to be an inevitable consequence of the application of orthodontic forces—with different risk factors modifying its severity. Our review has identified several molecular mechanisms that can help explain this link between orthodontic forces and OIIRR. Nevertheless, it must be noted that the available eligible literature was in part significantly confounded by bias and was characterized by substantial methodological heterogeneity, suggesting that the results of this systematic review should be interpreted with caution.

Registration

PROSPERO (CRD42021243431).
From necessity to opportunity: lessons for integrating phone and in-person data collection
Authors: Zezza Alberto , McGee Kevin , Wollburg Philip , Assefa Thomas , Gourlay Sydney
Published: June 2023

The Coronavirus disease pandemic has disrupted survey systems globally and especially in low- and middle-income countries. Phone surveys started being implemented at a national scale in many places that previously had limited experience with them. As in-person data collection resumes, the experience gained provides the grounds to reflect on how phone surveys may be incorporated into survey and data systems in low- and middle-income countries. Reviewing evidence and experiences from before and during the pandemic, the paper provides guidance on the scope of and considerations for using phone surveys for agricultural data collection and the integration of phone interviews with in-person data.
Communication via Biotremors in the Veiled Chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus): Part I- Biotremor Production and Response to Substrate-Borne Vibrations
Authors: Denny Kathryn L , Huskey Steve , Anderson Christopher V , Smith Michael E
Published: June 2023

Synopsis

Biotremors are vibrations, usually surface waves along the boundary of a medium, produced by an organism. While substrate-borne vibrations are utilized by different reptile species, true conspecific communication via biotremors has not yet been demonstrated in lizards. Recent research revealed that the veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus) produces biotremors. The prerequisites for any communication system are the ability of an organism to produce and detect a signal. We tested C. calyptratus behavioral responses to vibrations by placing them on a dowel attached to a shaker, emitting vibrations of 25, 50, 150, 300, and 600 Hz and compared their locomotory velocity before and after the stimulus. Adult chameleons exhibited a freeze response to 50 and 150 Hz, while juveniles exhibited a similar response to frequencies between 50 and 300 Hz. In a second experiment, chameleons were induced to produce biotremors via experimenter contact. These biotremors ranged in mean fundamental frequency from 106.4 to 170.3 Hz and in duration from 0.06 to 0.29 s. Overall, two classes of biotremors were identified, “hoots” and “mini-hoots,” which differed significantly in mean relative signal intensity (−7.5 and −32.5 dB, respectively). Juvenile chameleons 2 months of age were able to produce biotremors, suggesting this behavior may serve a wide range of ecological functions throughout ontogeny. Overall, the data demonstrate that C. calyptratus can both produce and detect biotremors that could be used for intraspecific communication.
Influence of shark tourism on the activity and physiological condition of a non-focal pelagic fish
Authors: Clarke Thomas M , Whitmarsh Sasha K , Champion Curtis , Pederson Hugh , Meyer Lauren , Dennis Joshua D , Dwyer Ross G , Huveneers Charlie
Published: June 2023

Wildlife tourism can have adverse effects on the behaviours and movements of animals, with implications for the health and fitness of individuals and populations. We used acoustic-tracking to show that food-based attractants used in shark-tourism increases activity (15%) and burst behaviours (60%) in yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi, n = 18). Increased activity was restricted to periods when kingfish were on the same side of the island group as berleying tourism vessels, but decreased after operators left the site. Despite the raised activity and frequency of burst swimming events, the physiological condition of kingfish (n = 39, 6 tagged, and 33 untagged) measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis remained consistent with kingfish from control sites not exposed to tourism. This suggests that kingfish were able to compensate raised energy expenditure by feeding on bait and berley used by operators or through natural foraging. We highlight that the effects of provisioning from wildlife tourism can extend beyond changes in behaviours and movements and can additionally influence the energetic condition of non-focal animals through increased activity. However, supplemental food-sources provided through wildlife tourism may be sufficient to compensate for the increased energy expenditure and lessen the effects of tourism on individual fitness and health.
Adversarial ink: componentwise backward error attacks on deep learning
Authors: Beerens Lucas , Higham Desmond J
Published: June 2023

Deep neural networks are capable of state-of-the-art performance in many classification tasks. However, they are known to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks—small perturbations to the input that lead to a change in classification. We address this issue from the perspective of backward error and condition number, concepts that have proved useful in numerical analysis. To do this, we build on the work of Beuzeville, T., Boudier, P., Buttari, A., Gratton, S., Mary, T. and Pralet S. (2021) Adversarial attacks via backward error analysis. hal-03296180, version 3. In particular, we develop a new class of attack algorithms that use componentwise relative perturbations. Such attacks are highly relevant in the case of handwritten documents or printed texts where, for example, the classification of signatures, postcodes, dates or numerical quantities may be altered by changing only the ink consistency and not the background. This makes the perturbed images look natural to the naked eye. Such ‘adversarial ink’ attacks therefore reveal a weakness that can have a serious impact on safety and security. We illustrate the new attacks on real data and contrast them with existing algorithms. We also study the use of a componentwise condition number to quantify vulnerability.