bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the genesis of the gold-silver deposit Kupol (North-East of Russia)
Authors: Kokovkin Aleksandr
Published: November 2020

A new version of genesis of the epithermal gold-silver deposit Kupol (Chukotka), its mineral composition of ores and conditions of ore-localization based on the analysis of published geological materials on the geological structure had purposed in this article. The active thermal ore-forming role of completing the volcanic cycle of the multiphase subvolcanic complex’ the proximal bodies of the Upper Cretaceous rhyolites had been proved. The main factors of this deposit’ formation and the conditions that favored the appearance of large ore bodies and rich ores were considered. The magma chamber, unified faulty magmatic and fluid conductor, rock screen, flank clusters of subvolcanic rhyolite bodies and their integral thermal anomalies that initiated and sustained the deep fluid thermal convection under the screen, its mixing with fractured pore and meteoric waters and formation of gradient temperature zones, were considered among the main factors. The conjugation of these factors in space and time, the active tectonic regime and the long-term preservation of the deformation plan were the favorable conditions for ore formation. They maintained the high permeability of the fluid conductor, prevented a wide dispersion of fluids and provided a telescopic deposition of different mineral parageneses.
The study of hydrothermal fields on ocean bottom with deep submersibles «Mir»
Authors: Sagalevich Anatoliy , Sagalevich Vyacheslav
Published: November 2020

In this article, the methods of geological research of hydrothermal fields on the ocean floor with the use of deep manned submersibles Mir-1 and Mir-2 are considered. A brief description of the Mir submersibles and their advantages over foreign counterparts is given. The results of geological studies of hydrothermal fields of various types in different regions of the World Ocean are presented. Quantitative estimations of ore formation and methane seeps in some areas of Mirs research are given.
Crecimiento de la mojarra tilapia variedad Stirling durante la etapa de desarrollo, bajo dos dietas alimenticias
Authors: Hernández Porfirio Otoniel , Bruno Martínez Santos Ángel , Castillo Capitán Guadalupe , Romero Figueroa Maximino Zito , Velázquez Silvestre María Gisela
Published: November 2020

Se evaluó el crecimiento y el peso de tilapia variedad Stirling durante la etapa de desarrollo, a partir del suministro de dos dietas alimenticias: alimento comercial y dieta a base de harina de carne. El trabajo se realizó bajo un sistema de producción semi-intensivo en dos estanques de concreto con capacidad de 24  m3  (3x8x1),  bajo  una  densidad  experimental  de  600  peces/estanque  y  durante  tres  meses (noviembre, diciembre y enero). Los peces se alimentaron tomando en cuenta su biomasa corporal. Los datos se analizaron con un diseño factorial completamente al azar y 60 repeticiones por cada tratamiento. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas para ambas dietas, la ganancia de peso fue mayor con el concentrado comercial (49.65g) que con la dieta elaborada (25.62g). La dieta comercial permite un crecimiento significativo para la Tilapia. La dieta a base de harina de carne minimiza costos de producción, Los resultados obtenidos indican que la dieta a base de harina de carne presenta una diferencia en costo de 66.36%. Si se requiere obtener tilapia de un peso comercial, >350g en poco tiempo, la mejor opción es alimentar con el concentrado comercial, los costos de alimentación se recupera con las ventas. La alimentación a base de harina de carne, es para un productor de autoconsumo de bajos recursos económicos, de mercado local, ventas en menudeo y con más tiempo para la engorda de la tilapia.
Disminución en la frecuencia de uso en maíces de color en dos regiones de Tlaxcala
Authors: Orozco Bolaños Hermilia , García Juárez Guillermina , Hernández Vázquez Maricela , Juárez Ortíz María Guadalupe
Published: November 2020

La agrodiversidad es un componente de los sistemas de producción agrícola tradicional, una de las características es el uso de semillas de maíz criollo de diversos colores. En este estudio se analizó la disminución en la frecuencia de uso en maíces de color en dos regiones del estado de Tlaxcala. La población  de  productores  de  maíz  se  obtuvo  del  programa  de  apoyos  directos  al  campo,  se seleccionaron 5 localidades en cada región con características similares entre ellas, pero contrastantes entre regiones. Se encuestó a 138 productores, analizando la información mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la disminución en el uso de maíces de color en la siembra, principalmente en la región poniente, también que el productor los está abandonando por la falta de mercado, apoyo económico y la migración, situaciones que amenazan la seguridad alimentaria en las regiones de estudio.
Thermal Anomaly Detection of Industrial Zones with MNF and ICA
Authors: ARSLAN Enis
Published: November 2020

Thermal anomalies can be detected with the help of the imagery provided by the satellite systems such as Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER). ASTER provides five thermal bands for the effective analysis of thermal anomalies. In order to achieve this goal, considering the physical phenomena, many satellite signal processing methods and algorithms can be used. In this study, depending on the studied area, heat characteristics and extent are presented by using four days of data from daytime and nighttime scenes. In order to define the thermal anomalies for the studied area, Land Surface Temperature (LST) was estimated by inverse Planck function approach for all TIR bands. Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) methods were applied on all thermal infrared (TIR) bands. The results of MNF and ICA components show location of the thermal anomalies for industrial complexes especially in nighttime scenes.
Professores homens na Educação Inicial: um estudo de caso em uma instituição de Educação Infantil colombiana
Authors: Ramos Joaquim , Gomes Maria de Fátima Cardoso , Silva Alexander Ruiz
Published: November 2020

O artigo trata da atuação de professores do sexo masculino em uma instituição de Educação Inicial da Colômbia e, à luz das teorias de gênero, buscou compreender as representações de masculinidades e feminilidades que emergem da percepção de homens e mulheres sobre a docência masculina nesta etapa educacional. A investigação foi realizada de agosto a dezembro de 2017 e os dados foram produzidos por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com quatro docentes (dois professores e duas professoras). As entrevistas evidenciam que as relações dos professores homens com as crianças são desprovidas de preconceitos ou interdições, no entanto, as análises apontam que o trabalho desses profissionais é distinto daquele realizado pelas professoras e as especificidades de gênero que se constituem no espaço institucional acarretam tensões e ambivalências.
O professor homem na Educação Infantil: o que pensam pais, mães e educadoras?
Authors: Vasconcelos Dalila Castelliano de , Borges Lucivanda Cavalcante , Salomão Nádia Maria Ribeiro
Published: November 2020

A prática docente do homem na Educação Infantil- EI ainda é vista de forma estigmatizada. Diante disso, a presente pesquisa busca analisar a concepção de pais, mães e educadoras de crianças de 24 e 36 meses de idade da cidade de João Pessoa-PB, sobre a presença do professor homem na EI. Foram entrevistados 100 participantes: 40 pais, 40 mães e 20 educadoras. Os dados foram analisados a partir da análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Quando considerado o binômio cuidar-educar, 34% dos participantes apresentaram resistência ao fato do educador desempenhar sua função de forma integral, o cuidar e o educar. As educadoras revelaram maior resistência, manifestada em 50%. A associação entre cuidado de crianças pequenas e habilidades naturais femininas se apresenta como entrave à atuação profissional do homem na EI. Destaca-se que a equidade de gênero na EI perpassa pela garantia da liberdade de escolha profissional e por uma vivência infantil em um contexto educacional livre de preconceitos.
“Vai ser um professor?!”: estranhamentos perante a figura do professor do sexo masculino na Educação Infantil
Authors: Fávaro Jéssica Daniele , Rossi Célia Regina
Published: November 2020

A ideia de ter um professor homem realizando cuidados corporais de higiene nas crianças pequenas ainda hoje é motivo de grande estranhamento e preocupação na comunidade. Considerando isso, o presente estudo buscou analisar, na ótica de três professores do sexo masculino atuantes na Educação Infantil, as vivências e desafios referentes à profissão por eles escolhida. Através das análises e do suporte teórico que as nortearam, verificou-se que a presença do professor do sexo masculino no espaço escolar ainda gera certo estranhamento, insegurança e medo na comunidade. Por meio dos resultados revelados, o estudo poderá contribuir para que professores do sexo masculino, atuantes na Educação Infantil, tenham cada vez mais espaço de atuação no âmbito escolar, social, científico e acadêmico, superando o estranhamento que sua presença causa em toda a comunidade escolar, possibilitando, ainda, a desconstrução da docência na Educação Infantil como uma profissão feminina.
Percepções das crianças sobre as relações de gênero a partir das interações vividas entre pares e na companhia de uma professora e um professor na Educação Infantil
Authors: Santos Sandro Vinicius Sales dos , Soares Alexandre Gomes , Braga Denise da Silva
Published: November 2020

O artigo analisa as percepções das crianças de cinco anos sobre as relações de gênero vividas entre si e na companhia de uma professora e de um professor em uma Unidade de Educação Infantil da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Belo Horizonte. O quadro teórico-metodológico agrega os estudos feministas e os estudos de gênero na proposição uma etnografia com 7 meninas e 18 meninos de cinco anos de idade, uma professora e um professor de Educação Infantil. Os instrumentos de produção de dados foram: observação participante, entrevistas e desenhos articulados com as falas das crianças. Identificou-se que as relações de gênero vividas no interior do grupo de pares (relações intrageracionais) e na companhia de um professor e uma professora (relações intergeracionais) eram percebidas pelas crianças. As conclusões do estudo apontam para a urgência de as questões de gênero figurarem nos projetos pedagógicos da Educação Infantil, principalmente quando um professor homem atua junto às crianças.
Axiology, personal values and ethical rationalities: a proposal for theoretical frameworks integration
Authors: Andrade Matheus Lemos de , Leite Ramon Silva , Ibrahin Simone Teresinha Chaves de Andrada , Costa Karina Carneiro
Published: November 2020

Ethics and personal values are two important theories that underlie management studies that analyze behaviors and decision-making processes. However, the relationship between these two themes is incipient and calls for in-depth investigation, mainly empirical studies. The present study aims at verifying the existence of relationships between personal values (Schwartz, 1992; Schwartz et al., 2012) and the ethical deontological and teleological rationalities. A survey into this issue was conducted with a sample of 453 Brazilian respondents. Consistent with the postulated hypotheses, the results showed that all individualistic-oriented values are positively related to teleological rationalities, just as all collectivist-oriented values are affirmatively related to deontological rationalities, except for the Tradition value. Empirical confirmation of the relationship between ethics and personal values answer the author`s claims on the topic and allows the extension of analyzes of social phenomena supported by such theories.
Proposta de um dicionário de termos de emoção em textos financeiros
Authors: Kos Sonia Raifur , Scarpin Jorge Eduardo , Pinto José Simão De Paula
Published: November 2020

O Objetivo é propor um Dicionário Termos de Emoção em Textos Financeiros, composto de palavras que detectam a presença ou não das emoções - Alegria, Medo, Raiva, Repugnância, Surpresa e Tristeza – em textos financeiros. Partiu-se do Dicionário de Sentimentos Positivos e Negativos em Finanças, disponível na língua inglesa, o qual foi traduzido para o português. Na sequência, especialistas em Finanças e Psicologia alocaram os termos oriundos da tradução para seis emoções básicas estudadas. Por fim, o software Tropes foi ajustado para incorporar as expressões do dicionário, possibilitando a detecção de emoção em textos financeiros de forma eletrônica. O presente estudo constrói um Dicionário de Termos de Emoção em Textos Financeiros, composto por 301 expressões de Alegria; 155 de Medo; 136 de Raiva; 109 de Repugnância; 70 de Surpresa; e 233 de Tristeza, o qual pode ser utilizado para detectar e quantificar as emoções presentes nos relatórios financeiros.
Mindset, dificuldades em se empreender e o Potencial Empreendedor: uma abordagem confirmatória com estudantes graduandos em administração
Authors: Ferreira Frederico Leocádio , Bandeira Pâmella Otone , Gonçalves Carlos Alberto
Published: November 2020

O Mindset de crescimento é uma atitude voltada para o desenvolvimento contínuo, que pode ser potencializada em indivíduos buscando um maior desempenho, engajamento e qualidade de vida. O conceito vêm sendo aplicado relacionado à variáveis que remetem à academia, como desempenho acadêmico e criatividade, mas é necessário relacioná-lo à variáveis organizacionais. Esse trabalho buscou analisar a relação entre o Mindset de crescimento, o Mindset fixo, o Potencial Empreendedor e as Dificuldades para se empreender percebidas por estudantes de Administração em Belo Horizonte/MG. A pesquisa adotou uma abordagem quantitativa transversal, apresentando os resultados por meio de uma análise fatorial confirmatória e com dados coletados via survey. Como resultado, dentre as variáveis, somente o Mindset de crescimento apresentou uma relação positiva com o Potencial Empreendedor. Para futuras pesquisas, sugere-se a aplicação da metodologia em amostras maiores, em diferentes contextos culturais e organizacionais, visando uma generalização dos resultados.
Women and politics in Mexico and Brazil
Authors: Nakamura Luis Antonio Corona , Salgado Eneida Desiree
Published: November 2020

Despite advances in recognition of women’s rights, they are still victims of everyday violence. National and international regulations on gender equality and the promotion of female political participation had a low impact on the underrepresentation of this minority. Law produced without a share of citizenship lacks democratic legitimacy. Mexico and Brazil have a similar history of excluding women from the public sphere, but they currently have different strategies to overcome this democratic deficit. The article, with a descriptive methodology, presents the history and the present situation in both countries. We conclude that there are different ways to increase the representation of women in politics, but parity is a demand for justice.
Burocratizar para não corromper: o impacto de atores transnacionais nas medidas anticorrupção da estratégia nacional de combate à corrupção e à lavagem de dinheiro
Authors: Staffen Marcio Ricardo
Published: November 2020

A pesquisa que se apresenta tem como objetivo analisar o impacto de atores transnacionais nas alterações da burocracia es-tatal brasileira anticorrupção por meio das diretrizes exaradas pela Estratégia Nacional de Combate à Corrupção e à Lavagem de Dinheiro (ENCCLA). A apreciação sobre as ações da ENCCLA, no período compreendido de 2010 até 2020, sinaliza o impacto dos atores transnacionais na burocratização dos instrumentos nacionais anticorrupção, destacando uma mutação na racionalidade administrativa e influenciando comportamentos executivos, legislativos e judiciais de prevenção e de combate à corrupção. Utilizou-se, para o desenvolvimento da presente pesquisa, o método indutivo.
O pensamento de Hugo Grócio e o resgate do ideal de justiça internacional
Authors: Bedin Gilmar Antônio , Oliveira Tamires de Lima de
Published: November 2020

O presente trabalho retoma as con-tribuições teóricas de um dos pais fundadores do Direito Internacional Público, Hugo Grócio. O objetivo do trabalho é demonstrar que as refle-xões do jurista holandês ajudaram na compreen-são da justiça como fundamento legitimador do direito, como senso ético comum da humanidade e como obrigação de responsabilidade e solidariedade além-fronteiras. Através do método de pesquisa hipotético-dedutivo e da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, conclui-se que a retomada da obra do internacionalista reforça o ideal de justiça internacional, em especial na medida em que os direitos humanos vão se tornando, lentamente, um novo ethos comum da humanidade.
May nutrients and dietary supplements influence the gut-lung microbiota axis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exacerbations?
Authors: Conte Luana , Toraldo Domenico M.
Published: November 2020

There is increasing evidence that microbial community structure and diversity are associated with disease severity and clinical outcomes, both in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in exacerbations. New evidence has confirmed that the gut-lung axis – the cross-talk between the gut and the lung – is a bi-directional condition that is a continuous blood communication between the two sits that, in this way, would be able to modulate each other's local immune response and the composition of the respective microbiota. However, although it is clear that the gut microbiota influences inflammation in the peripheral system, what happens in the lung is still poorly understood. As malnutrition is an important factor in COPD, nutritional support might be a strong component of disease management and prevention. In this review, we tried to elucidate the role of diet and dietary supplementation affecting the lung microbiota with respect to stable COPD and exacerbation.
Study of postural control and body balance in subjects with Down syndrome
Authors: Giustino Valerio , Messina Giuseppe , Alesi Marianna , La Mantia Linda , Palma Antonio , Battaglia Giuseppe
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Body imbalance and poor postural control have negative impact on gait and may increase the risk of falling in
healthy individuals as well as those with Down syndrome (DS). Since people with DS have lower physical levels than people
who do not present this condition, the purpose of our research was to compare features of postural control and body balance
between subjects affected by DS and a control sample

Methods

Participants enrolled were divided into the following two groups: a DS group (DSG; n = 22; 9 females and 13 males;
age range: 16–36 years) and an age-matched control group (CG; n = 25; 11 females and 14 males; age range: 16–36 years).
All participants were subjected to two stabilometric tests: eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC), 30 s each, in bipedal upright
stance on a platform

Results

The main results showed significantly higher values for the ellipse sway area in DSG compared with CG, both in
the EO (p = 0.009) and in the EC trial (p = 0.000). Moreover, significantly higher values were revealed for the sway path length
(p = 0.013), maximum speed of sway (p = 0.001), and average speed of sway (p = 0.046) in the EC than in the EO trial.

Conclusions

We infer that a delay in multi-sensory integration processes in the nervous system for controlling body posture
could underlie lower body balance in DS.
Beliefs about sharing illness experiences in chronic fatigue syndrome: the role of interpersonal trust and personality
Authors: Shabahang Reza , Sheykhangafshe Farzin , Aruguete Mara , Hossienkhanzadeh Abbas
Published: November 2020

Background

Disclosure of illness and illness experiences can be complicated for patients diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome due to the stigma associated with the illness. In this study, we evaluate the psychometric properties of the Beliefs about Sharing Illness Experiences (BASIE) scale in chronic fatigue patients. In addition, we inves-tigate whether interpersonal trust and personality characteristics predict self-disclosure in chronic fatigue pa-tients.

Participants and procedure

The research was carried out in Rasht City, Iran. Participants were patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (N = 280) who were referred to Rasht pain management clinics in 2019. The psychometric properties of the BASIE scale were evaluated using content validity (CVI and CVR), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirma-tory factor analysis (CFA), and Cronbach’s α. In addition, Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression were used to test the roles of interpersonal trust and personality in predicting willingness to share illness experiences in chronic fatigue syndrome patients.

Results

A CVI of .91 and CVR of .92 showed strong content validly for the BASIE scale. EFA and CFA supported a two-factor structure of the instrument. The Cronbach’s α of .94 confirmed strong reliability. Multiple regression anal-ysis revealed that positive beliefs about sharing illness experiences were predicted by higher interpersonal trust, higher extraversion, and lower neuroticism.

Conclusions

The BASIE scale appears to be an appropriate tool for measuring chronic fatigue syndrome patients’ beliefs about sharing illness experiences. Also, interpersonal trust, extraversion, and neuroticism play important roles in sharing illness experiences. These findings may be helpful in the management of chronic fatigue syndrome and other stigmatized illnesses.
Effectiveness of a stress management program in continuous care nursing professionals
Authors: Galindo Edgar , Pires Rodrigo , Gracio Luisa , Candeias Adelinda
Published: November 2020

Background

Nursing is a stressful profession, because it is highly specialized work done under conditions of considerable pressure and has consequently a strong psychological impact. Occupational stress has been considered a serious public health problem, especially in the case of the nursing profession, with considerable conse-quences for the individual, for the quality of his work and for the associated economic costs. Although the topic of stress has become an important field of research, experimental studies on stress management strategies are rather scarce, especially in the case of the so-called risk professions, such as nursing.

Participants and procedure

The present study applied a cognitive-behavioral training program for stress management to a sample of nurs-ing professionals (N = 5) from an intensive care unit. The intervention was applied on the basis of a multiple baseline design. Evaluation of results was carried using quantitative and one qualitative measures. Emphasis was given to evaluation of physiological, cognitive and emotional symptoms of stress.

Results

The main hypotheses seem to have been confirmed, i.e. the stress management program reduces the partici-pants’ physiological, cognitive and emotional stress symptoms according to applied assessment instruments. The results show different levels of stress reduction, as well as an improvement of the number and efficacy of the coping skills of the participants. Correlations were found between quantitative measures, between quantita-tive and qualitative measures, as well as between physiological, cognitive and emotional symptoms of stress.

Conclusions

Research hypotheses were confirmed, i.e., the applied program seems to be able to reduce stress.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee
Authors: Chien Alexander , Weaver Jennifer S. , Kinne Erica , Omar Imran
Published: November 2020

Knee pain is frequently seen in patients of all ages, with a wide range of possible aetiologies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee is a common diagnostic examination performed for detecting and characterising acute and chronic internal derangement injuries of the knee and helps guide patient management. This article reviews the current clinical practice of MRI evaluation and interpretation of meniscal, ligamentous, cartilaginous, and synovial disorders within the knee that are commonly encountered.
Detection and attribution of wildfire pollution in the Arctic and northern midlatitudes using a network of Fourier-transform infrared spectrometers and GEOS-Chem
Authors: Lutsch Erik , Strong Kimberly , Jones Dylan B. A. , Blumenstock Thomas , Conway Stephanie , Fisher Jenny A. , Hannigan James W. , Hase Frank , Kasai Yasuko , Mahieu Emmanuel , Makarova Maria , Morino Isamu , Nagahama Tomoo , Notholt Justus , Ortega Ivan , Palm Mathias , Poberovskii Anatoly V. , Sussmann Ralf , Warneke Thorsten
Published: November 2020

Abstract. We present a multiyear time series of column abundances of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and ethane (C2H6) measured using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers at 10 sites affiliated with the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). Six are high-latitude sites: Eureka, Ny-Ålesund, Thule, Kiruna, Poker Flat, and St. Petersburg, and four are midlatitude sites: Zugspitze, Jungfraujoch, Toronto, and Rikubetsu. For each site, the interannual trends and seasonal variabilities of the CO time series are accounted for, allowing background column amounts to be determined. Enhancements above the seasonal background were used to identify possible wildfire pollution events. Since the abundance of each trace gas emitted in a wildfire event is specific to the type of vegetation burned and the burning phase, correlations of CO to the long-lived wildfire tracers HCN and C2H6 allow for further confirmation of the detection of wildfire pollution. A GEOS-Chem tagged CO simulation with Global Fire Assimilation System (GFASv1.2) biomass burning emissions was used to determine the source attribution of CO concentrations at each site from 2003 to 2018. For each detected wildfire pollution event, FLEXPART back-trajectory simulations were performed to determine the transport times of the smoke plume. Accounting for the loss of each species during transport, the enhancement ratios of HCN and C2H6 with respect to CO were converted to emission ratios. We report mean emission ratios with respect to CO for HCN and C2H6 of 0.0047 and 0.0092, respectively, with a standard deviation of 0.0014 and 0.0046, respectively, determined from 23 boreal North American wildfire events. Similarly, we report mean emission ratios for HCN and C2H6 of 0.0049 and 0.0100, respectively, with a standard deviation of 0.0025 and 0.0042, respectively, determined from 39 boreal Asian wildfire events. The agreement of our emission ratios with literature values illustrates the capability of ground-based FTIR measurements to quantify biomass burning emissions. We provide a comprehensive dataset that quantifies HCN and C2H6 emission ratios from 62 wildfire pollution events. Our dataset provides novel emission ratio estimates, which are sparsely available in the published literature, particularly for boreal Asian sources.
Photovoltaic power potential in West Africa using long-term satellite data
Authors: Neher Ina , Crewell Susanne , Meilinger Stefanie , Pfeifroth Uwe , Trentmann Jörg
Published: November 2020

Abstract. This paper addresses long-term historical changes in solar irradiance in West Africa (3 to 20∘ N and 20∘ W to 16∘ E) and the implications for photovoltaic systems. Here, we use satellite irradiance (Surface Solar Radiation Data Set – Heliosat, Edition 2.1 – SARAH-2.1) and temperature data from a reanalysis (ERA5) to derive photovoltaic yields. Based on 35 years of data (1983–2017), the temporal and regional variability as well as long-term trends in global and direct horizontal irradiance are analyzed. Furthermore, a detailed time series analysis is undertaken at four locations. According to the high spatial resolution SARAH-2.1 data record (0.05∘×0.05∘), solar irradiance is largest (up to a 300 W m−2 daily average) in the Sahara and the Sahel zone with a positive trend (up to 5 W m−2 per decade) and a lower temporal variability (<75 W m−2 between 1983 and 2017 for daily averages). In contrast, the solar irradiance is lower in southern West Africa (between 200 W m−2 and 250 W m−2) with a negative trend (up to −5 W m−2 per decade) and a higher temporal variability (up to 150 W m−2). The positive trend in the north is mostly connected to the dry season, whereas the negative trend in the south occurs during the wet season. Both trends show 95 % significance. Photovoltaic (PV) yields show a strong meridional gradient with the lowest values of around 4 kWh  kWp−1 in southern West Africa and values of more than 5.5 kWh  kWp−1 in the Sahara and Sahel zone.
A test of the ability of current bulk optical models to represent the radiative properties of cirrus cloud across the mid- and far-infrared
Authors: Bantges Richard J. , Brindley Helen E. , Murray Jonathan E. , Last Alan E. , Russell Jacqueline E. , Fox Cathryn , Fox Stuart , Harlow Chawn , O'Shea Sebastian J. , Bower Keith N. , Baum Bryan A. , Yang Ping , Oetjen Hilke , Pickering Juliet C.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Measurements of mid- to far-infrared nadir radiances
obtained from the UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM)
BAe 146 aircraft during the Cirrus Coupled Cloud-Radiation Experiment
(CIRCCREX) are used to assess the performance of various ice cloud bulk
optical property models. Through use of a minimization approach, we find
that the simulations can reproduce the observed spectra in the mid-infrared
to within measurement uncertainty, but they are unable to simultaneously match the
observations over the far-infrared frequency range. When both mid- and
far-infrared observations are used to minimize residuals, first-order
estimates of the spectral flux differences between the best-performing
simulations and observations indicate a compensation effect between the mid-
and far-infrared such that the absolute broadband difference is < 0.7 W m−2. However, simply matching the spectra using the mid-infrared
(far-infrared) observations in isolation leads to substantially larger
discrepancies, with absolute differences reaching ∼ 1.8 (3.1) W m−2. These results show that simulations using these microphysical
models may give a broadly correct integrated longwave radiative impact but
that this masks spectral errors, with implicit consequences for the vertical
distribution of atmospheric heating. They also imply that retrievals using
these models applied to mid-infrared radiances in isolation will select
cirrus optical properties that are inconsistent with far-infrared radiances.
As such, the results highlight the potential benefit of more extensive far-infrared
observations for the assessment and, where necessary, the improvement of
current ice bulk optical models.
Does reduction of emissions imply improved air quality?
Authors: Fan Cheng , Li Zhengqiang , Li Ying , Dong Jiantao , van der A Ronald , de Leeuw Gerrit
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The air pollution in China is among the highest in the world. However, legislation to reduce pollutant emissions have been successful and concentrations of SO2 (since 2007), aerosols (since 2011) and NO2 (since 2012) have decreased substantially as deduced from satellite and ground-based observations. The strong reduction of the emissions by the end of January 2020, first caused by the Spring Festival holidays and enhanced and extended by the COVID-19 lockdown, offered an opportunity to study the effects on air quality across the country. In particular the reduction of NO2 concentrations observed using the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite was used to quantitatively estimate the lockdown effect. To determine a baseline for the expected concentrations in 2020, we used Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO2 TVCD time series from 2011 to 2019 and determined trends for different regions, noticing a possible halt of the decrease in recent years, but for different periods in the south than in the north of east China. Neglecting this leveling leads to overestimation of the lockdown effect on the concentrations in the south, neglecting the trends may lead to underestimation in the north. We also looked at the temporal resolution used in studies on the reduction of the concentrations and noticed the gradual decrease ahead of the Spring Festival, which actually continued during 3 weeks into the lockdown. Using satellite observations of other species and ground-based monitoring data, it was noticed that the expected improvement of air quality due to the reduction of NO2 concentrations was offset by the increase of the concentrations of aerosols and O3 ascribed to meteorological influences and complex chemistry. In the current study we use TROPOMI tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities (TVCDs) together with ground-based monitoring data for NO2, SO2, CO, O3, PM2.5 and PM10 in 11 regions around large cities to evaluate the evolution of their concentrations during 19 weeks after the Spring Festival and their effect on air quality. For comparison, and in an attempt to average out short term (e.g., meteorological) influences, ground based monitoring data were used for the same period in 2015–2019. The results confirm that the strong reduction of NO2 does not always imply good air quality because concentrations of other pollutants may increase. The study shows the different behavior in city clusters in the north and south of China, and inland in the Sichuan and Guanzhong basins. Effect of other holidays and events are small, except in Beijing where the air quality in 2020 was notably better than in previous years. This study was undertaken for east China, but the methodology can also be used for other areas and part of the conclusions are generally applicable.
The dynamic-thermal structures of the planetary boundary layer dominated by
synoptic circulations and the regular effect on air pollution in Beijing
Authors: Jiang Yunyan , Xin Jinyuan , Wang Ying , Tang Guiqian , Zhao Yuxin , Jia Danjie , Zhao Dandan , Wang Meng , Dai Lindong , Wang Lili , Wen Tianxue , Wu Fangkun
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Synoptic circulations play important roles in meteorological conditions and air quality within the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Based on Lamb-Jenkinson weather typing and multiple field measurements, this study reveals the mechanism of how the coupling effects of multiscale circulations influence PBL structure and pollution. Due to the topographic blocking in the daytime, pollutants accumulate in the plain areas horizontally. The sinking divergent flows overlying on the rising convergent flows within the PBL inhibit the continuously upward dispersion of aerosols vertically. At night, the horizontal and vertical coupling mechanisms synergistically worsen the pollution. The large-scale environmental winds and regional-scale breezes affect the pollution directly via the horizontal coupling effect, which generates a pollution convergent zone of different directional flows. The relative strength of flows causes the severely polluted area to move around horizontally from 39° N to 41° N. In addition, the multiscale circulations regulate the mixing and diffusion of pollutants indirectly via the vertical coupling effect, which changes the PBL dynamic-thermal structure. The warm advection transported by the upper environmental winds overlies the cold advection transported by the lower regional breezes, generating strong wind direction shear and advective inversion. The capping inversion and the convergent sinking motion within the PBL suppress massive pollutants below the zero speed zone. The multilayer PBL under cyclonic circulation has no diurnal variation. Weak ambient winds strengthen the mountain breezes observably at night, the temperature inversion can reach 900 m. The nocturnal shallower PBL, consistent with the zero velocity zone between ambient and mountain winds, can reach 600 m. By contrast, the PBL under southwesterly circulation is a mono-layer with obvious diurnal variation, reaching 2000 m in the daytime. The strong winds circulations restrain the development of regional breezes, the zero speed zone is located at 400 m and the inversion is lower than 200 m at night. The PBL under westerly circulation has a hybrid structure with both multiple aerosol layers and diurnal variation. The inversion is generated by the vertical shear of zonal winds. Clean and strong north winds are dominated under anticyclone circulation, the vertical shear and the diurnal variation of thermal field disappear because of strong turbulent mixing, and there is no significant PBL structure. Our results imply that the algorithm of atmospheric environmental capacity under synoptic circulations, such as the cyclonic type, with a multilayer PBL needs to be improved.
A geogenic approach for the Radon monitoring and the exposure assessment at a regional scale: The results of the Rad_Campania project
Authors: Mancini Simona , Guida Michele , Cuomo Albina , Guida Domenico
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to analyse and discuss the
results of the regional program Rad Campania for the monitoring and the
assessment of the radon risk. An innovative methodology, based on a geogenic
approach, was developed, supported by a comprehensive campaign of radon
measurement performed in soil gas, natural waters, drinking natural water
samples and indoor air. Data refer to field measurements carried out in
three provinces of the Campania Region (Italy): Salerno, Avellino and
Benevento. The programme was completed with the main purpose to investigate
the peculiarities of the radon issue at a provincial scale and to redact a
map of the radon potential from soil as a tool for authorities to recognise
critical areas (“Radon prone areas”) to monitor. Since the experience
demonstrates that the high radon potential from soil is not indicative of
high indoor radon concentrations, in this paper the authors have tried to
identify a possible general correlation between geological features of the
soil and structural characteristics of the buildings, elaborating more in
depth all data collected. The main purpose is to categorize and analyse the
performance of different kind of construction, typical of the local area, in
order to develop, in a future work, an indicator of the building
performances as a useful tool, for authorities, to recognise constructions
potentially more exposed to high indoor radon activity concentrations.
Results and perspectives have been discussed.
Daytime and nighttime aerosol optical depth implementation in CÆLIS
Authors: González Ramiro , Toledano Carlos , Román Roberto , Fuertes David , Berjón Alberto , Mateos David , Guirado-Fuentes Carmen , Velasco-Merino Cristian , Antuña-Sánchez Juan Carlos , Calle Abel , Cachorro Victoria E. , de Frutos Ángel M.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The University of Valladolid (UVa, Spain) has managed a calibration center of the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) since 2006. The CÆLIS software tool, developed by UVa, was created to manage the data generated by AERONET photometers for calibration, quality control and data processing purposes. This paper exploits the potential of this tool in order to obtain products like the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångström exponent (AE), which are of high interest for atmospheric and climate studies, as well as to enhance the quality control of the instruments and data managed by CÆLIS. The AOD and cloud screening algorithms implemented in CÆLIS, both based on AERONET version 3, are described in detail. The obtained products are compared with the AERONET database. In general, the differences in daytime AOD between CÆLIS and AERONET are far below the expected uncertainty of the instrument, ranging in mean differences between -1.3×10-4 at 870 nm and 6.2×10-4 at 380 nm. The standard deviations of the differences range from 2.8×10-4 at 675 nm to 8.1×10-4 at 340 nm. The AOD and AE at nighttime calculated by CÆLIS from Moon observations are also presented, showing good continuity between day and nighttime for different locations, aerosol loads and Moon phase angles. Regarding cloud screening, around 99.9 % of the observations classified as cloud-free by CÆLIS are also assumed cloud-free by AERONET; this percentage is similar for the cases considered cloud-contaminated by both databases. The obtained results point out the capability of CÆLIS as a processing system. The AOD algorithm provides the opportunity to use this tool with other instrument types and to retrieve other aerosol products in the future.
Easy to build low-power GPS drifters with local storage and a cellular modem made from off-the-shelf components
Authors: Hut Rolf , Thatoe Nwe Win Thanda , Bogaard Thom
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Drifters that track their position are important tools in studying the hydrodynamic behavior of rivers. Drifters that can be tracked in real time have so far been rather expensive. Recently, due to the rise of the open-hardware revolution and the associated Arduino ecosystem, both GPS receivers and cellular modems have become available at lower prices to “tinkering scientists”, i.e., scientists that like to build their own measurement devices as much as is possible. This article serves two goals. Firstly, we provide detailed instructions on how to build a low-power GPS drifter with local storage and cellular model that we tested in a fieldwork on the confluence of the Chindwin and Ayeyarwady rivers in Myanmar. The device was designed from easily connected off-the-shelf components, allowing construction without a background in electrical engineering. The instructions allow fellow geoscientists to recreate the device. Secondly, we set the following question: has the open-hardware revolution progressed to the point that a low-power GPS drifter that wirelessly transmits its position can be made from open-hardware components by most geoscientists?. We feel this question is relevant and timely as more low-cost open-hardware devices are promoted, but in practice applicability is often restricted to the “tinkering engineer”. We argue that because of the plug-and-play nature of the components geoscientists should be able to construct these type of devices. However, to get such devices to operate at low power levels that fieldwork often demands requires detailed (micro)electrical expertise.
Flex_extract v7.1.2 – a software package to retrieve and prepare ECMWF data for use in FLEXPART
Authors: Tipka Anne , Haimberger Leopold , Seibert Petra
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Flex_extract is an open-source software package to efficiently retrieve and prepare meteorological data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) as input for the widely used Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART and the related trajectory model FLEXTRA.
ECMWF provides a variety of data sets which differ in a number of parameters (available fields, spatial and temporal resolution, forecast start times, level types etc.). Therefore, the selection of the right data for a specific application and the settings needed to obtain them are not trivial. Consequently, the data sets which can be retrieved through flex_extract by both member-state users and public users as well as their properties are explained.
Flex_extract 7.1.2 is a substantially revised version with completely restructured code, mainly written in Python 3, which is introduced with all its input and output files and an explanation of the four application modes. Software dependencies and the methods for calculating the native vertical velocity η˙, the handling of flux data and the preparation of the final FLEXPART input files are documented.
Considerations for applications give guidance with respect to the selection of data sets, caveats related to the land–sea mask and orography, etc. Formal software quality-assurance methods have been applied to flex_extract. A set of unit and regression tests as well as code metric data are also supplied. A short description of the installation and usage of flex_extract is provided in the Appendix.
The paper points also to an online documentation which will be kept up to date with respect to future versions.
Description and evaluation of the process-based forest model 4C v2.2 at four European forest sites
Authors: Lasch-Born Petra , Suckow Felicitas , Reyer Christopher P. O. , Gutsch Martin , Kollas Chris , Badeck Franz-Werner , Bugmann Harald K. M. , Grote Rüdiger , Fürstenau Cornelia , Lindner Marcus , Schaber Jörg
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The process-based model 4C (FORESEE) has been developed over the past 20 years to study climate impacts on forests and is now freely available
as an open-source tool. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive description of this 4C version (v2.2) for scientific users of the
model and to present an evaluation of 4C at four different forest sites across Europe. The evaluation focuses on forest growth as well as carbon
(net ecosystem exchange, gross primary production), water (actual evapotranspiration, soil water content), and heat fluxes (soil temperature) using
data from the PROFOUND database. We applied different evaluation metrics and compared the daily, monthly, and annual variability of observed and
simulated values. The ability to reproduce forest growth (stem diameter and biomass) differs from site to site and is best for a pine stand in
Germany (Peitz, model efficiency ME=0.98). 4C is able to reproduce soil temperature at different depths in Sorø and Hyytiälä
with good accuracy (for all soil depths ME > 0.8). The dynamics in simulating carbon and water fluxes are well captured on daily and
monthly timescales (0.51 < ME < 0.983) but less so on an annual timescale (ME < 0). This model–data mismatch is
possibly due to the accumulation of errors because of processes that are missing or represented in a very general way in 4C but not with enough specific
detail to cover strong, site-specific dependencies such as ground vegetation growth. These processes need to be further elaborated to improve the
projections of climate change on forests. We conclude that, despite shortcomings, 4C is widely applicable, reliable, and therefore ready to be
released to the scientific community to use and further develop the model.