bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Geschichte der Bildung und wissenschaftlichen Forschung in Brasilien
Authors: Freitas Roberto Araujo de Moraes , Martins Priscila Bernardo
Published: February 2020

Im aktuellen Artikel werden die historischen Veränderungen der Lehrtätigkeit in Brasilien sowie ihre Teilnahme an der akademisch-wissenschaftlichen Forschung thematisiert, wobei von den Einflüssen, die sich aus den ererbten Religionen aus Europa ergeben, bis hin zu den Kennzeichen der Ressourcen Technologien in den Händen der inländischen Nutzer. Dieser Moment ist durch den Übergang zwischen dem 20. und 21. Jahrhundert gekennzeichnet und stellt somit eine grassierende Revolution im technologischen Sektor dar, wobei das Internet das wichtigste Instrument der Kommunikation und Forschung ist, was zu einem langen Anpassungsprozess geführt hat. Es ist notwendig, die Schwierigkeit zu erwähnen, die es im Prozess der Isolierung des Wissens über seine lokale Kultur, Meinungen und Erfahrungen seiner eigenen und des akademischen Gepäcks, mit dem ein Lehrer an die Studentenschaft zu übertragen, weil er verstehen muss, dass die Brasilien verzeichnet Einflüsse verschiedener Völker auf der ganzen Welt, was uns zu einer solchen Gemischten Kultur gemacht hat. Inmitten so vieler historischer Veränderungen muss die Lehrtätigkeit ihre Methoden ständig recyceln lassen. Aus diesem Grund wird diese Arbeit anstrengender, da der Lehrer unter den Auswirkungen des Netzwerks auf die Welt leidet, da sie sich in der Produktivität und Zuverlässigkeit der Ergebnisse literarischer und wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten widerspiegelt. Dies wird das Verhältnis zwischen Wissen und Information für immer gefährden.

Schlagworte: Technologie, Forschung, Bildung, Zuverlässigkeit.
La storia dell’istruzione e della ricerca scientifica in Brasile
Authors: Freitas Roberto Araujo de Moraes , Martins Priscila Bernardo
Published: February 2020

Nell’articolo attuale, si affrontano le trasformazioni storiche dell’attività didattica in Brasile e la sua partecipazione alla ricerca accademico-scientifica, considerando dalle influenze derivanti dalle religioni ereditate dall’Europa ai segni distintivi delle risorse tecnologie nelle mani degli utenti domestici. Questo momento è segnato dalla transizione tra il XX e il XXI secolo, rappresentando così una rivoluzione dilagante nel settore tecnologico, con Internet come principale strumento di comunicazione e ricerca, che ha portato a un lungo processo di adattamento. È necessario ricordare la difficoltà che vi sia nel processo di isolamento della conoscenza della sua cultura locale, delle opinioni e delle esperienze proprie e del bagaglio accademico con cui un insegnante deve trasmettere al corpo studentesco, perché deve capire che il Il Brasile registra influenze di vari popoli in tutto il mondo, il che ci ha fatto avere una cultura così mista. Nel bel mezzo di tante trasformazioni storiche, l’attività didattica deve avere le sue metodologie costantemente riciclate. Per questo motivo, quest’opera diventa più ardua man mano che l’insegnante soffre dell’impatto della rete sul mondo, poiché si riflette nella produttività e nell’affidabilità dei risultati delle opere letterarie e scientifiche. Questo comprometterà per sempre il rapporto tra conoscenza e informazione.

Parole chiave: Tecnologia, ricerca, istruzione, affidabilità.
ANALISIS HIDROLIS JARINGAN PIPA TRANSMISI AIR BERSIH DESA RINDIK KABUPATEN BANGKA SELATAN
Authors: Adriyansyah Adriyansyah
Published: February 2020

Dampak dari berkembangnya suatu kawasan adalah meningkatnya jumlah penduduk, bertambahnya fasilitas umum, perkantoran dan industri. Hal tersebut berdampak pula pada peningkatan kebutuhan air bersih domestik dan non domestik. Masalah tersebut belum di imbangi dengan fasilitas berupa jaringan untuk mendistribusikan air bersih.

Hal serupa terjadi juga di Desa Rindik Kabupaten Bangka Selatan. Untuk menangani hal tersebut, UPT PAM Bangka Selatan menambah jaringan transmisi untuk mengalirkan air bersih dari sumber Kulong Acam ke ground tank yang terletak di Desa Gadung Kecamatan Rindik. Untuk mendapatkan kinerja jaringan yang berfungsi dengan baik maka diperlukan analisis hidrolis dari jaringan transmisi tersebut. Analisis hidrolis jaringan transmisi disimulasikan menggunakan software Epanet 2.0.

Analisis hidrolis disimulasikan menggunakan dua alternatif. Simulasi 1 menggunakan pipa PVC diameter 200 mm diperoleh debit aliran 20 ltr/det, kecepatan aliran 0.64 m/det, kehilangan tekanan 1.80 m/km dan tekanan relatif di junction akhir 23.09 m. Simulasi 2 menggunakan pipa PVC diameter 250 mm diperoleh debit aliran 20 ltr/det, kecepatan aliran 0.41 m/det, kehilangan tekanan 0.61 m/km dan tekanan relatif di junction akhir 32.97 m.
Comparative study of neem leaf (Azadirachta indica) suspension and toltrazuril against coccidiosis in Sonali chicken
Authors: Roy R. , Hasan M. H. , Aziz F. B. , Islam R. , Sarkar S.
Published: February 2020

Background: Coccidiosis is recognized as the parasitic disease with the greatest economic impact on poultry industries worldwide. Sonali chicken are commonly affected by coccidiosis in Bangladesh. Recently, the concerns about possible drug resistance have aroused great caution in the usage of drug in the animal industry. As an alternative herbal extracts are used and Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) have anti-coccidial property. This study was conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy of Neem leaves suspension and toltrazuril on coccidial load, blood constituents, growth performance of Sonali chicken infected with Eimeria tenella.
Methods: The study was conducted in the laboratory and experimental shed under the department of physiology and pharmacology, HSTU, Dinajpur during, 2nd January to 3rd February, 2019. Eighty (80) Sonali chicken of seven days old were randomly divided into four groups named T0, T1 T2 and T3 and each group contained 20 birds. All groups were supplied E. tenella orally except T0 group and after 3 days T2 group was treated with Neem leaves suspension (5%) for 15 days and T3 groups was treated with toltrazuril (topzuril ®) solution (1 ml/lit) for 2 days.
Results: Results showed that protozoal load decreased significantly (P<0.01) in T2 & T3 groups whereas increased significantly (P<0.01) in T0 and T1 group. The total erythrocyte count and hemoglobin in different treatment groups were similar and the differences were non-significant (P>0.05) statistically except total leukocyte count (TLC). The body weight of T0, T1, T2 and T3 group at day 30 were 432.65, 469.81, 548.81, 489.22 gm respectively which is statistically significant (P<0.01) and highest body weight gain was recorded from Neem leaves suspension treated group.
Conclusion: Neem leaves suspension have significant effects on protozoal load, body weight and no significant effect on haematological parameters except TLC.
Enhancing global access to cancer medicines
Authors: Cortes Javier , Perez‐García Jose Manuel , Llombart‐Cussac Antonio , Curigliano Giuseppe , El Saghir Nagi S. , Cardoso Fatima , Barrios Carlos H. , Wagle Shama , Roman Javier , Harbeck Nadia , Eniu Alexandru , Kaufman Peter A. , Tabernero Josep , García‐Estévez Laura , Schmid Peter , Arribas Joaquín
Published: February 2020

Globally, cancer is the second leading cause of death, with numbers greatly exceeding those for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, tuberculosis, and malaria combined. Limited access to timely diagnosis, to affordable, effective treatment, and to high‐quality care are just some of the factors that lead to disparities in cancer survival between countries and within countries. In this article, the authors consider various factors that prevent access to cancer medicines (particularly access to essential cancer medicines). Even if an essential cancer medicine is included on a national medicines list, cost might preclude its use, it might be prescribed or used inappropriately, weak infrastructure might prevent it being accessed by those who could benefit, or quality might not be guaranteed. Potential strategies to address the access problems are discussed, including universal health coverage for essential cancer medicines, fairer methods for pricing cancer medicines, reducing development costs, optimizing regulation, and improving reliability in the global supply chain. Optimizing schedules for cancer therapy could reduce not only costs, but also adverse events, and improve access. More and better biomarkers are required to target patients who are most likely to benefit from cancer medicines. The optimum use of cancer medicines depends on the effective delivery of several services allied to oncology (including laboratory, imaging, surgery, and radiotherapy). Investment is necessary in all aspects of cancer care, from these supportive services to technologies, and the training of health care workers and other staff.
Use of Magnesium Sulphate in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn
Authors: Mamun Mohammad Abdullah Al , Begum Sheuly , Hussain Manzoor , Jabbar Dr Abdul
Published: February 2020

Background: One of the common causes of respiratory distress in neonate is persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN) and has been estimated to occur in 2 per 1000 live born term infants.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of injectable Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4) in the treatment of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn.

Methodology: It was a prospective, nonrandomized, clinical study conducted from August 2015 to July 2017 among 25 neonates having moderate to severe PPHN in the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital. Injectable Magnesium Sulphate was used along with other supportive management. Outcome measures include drop of pulmonary vascular resistance and increase oxygenation. Side effects of Magnesium Sulphate were observed and outcome was recorded. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 17.

Results: There was significant improvement of oxygenation and decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance at 72 hours after use of MgSO4 (p=000). Complications were present in 28% cases which include hypotension in 16% patients, urinary retention in 8% and altered GI function in 8% cases. Mortality was 16% among study population.

Conclusion: MgSO4 is effective in improving oxygenation and reduction of pulmonary vascular resistance in PPHN

Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.10 (2) Jan 2019: 370-372
Utilization of Essential Service Package by rural community
Authors: Nayan Shafia Khatun , Begum Nasreen , Abid Mumtaz Rahman , Dohja Maheen , Nazneen Fazilatun Nessa , Chowdhury Suraya Ahmed
Published: February 2020

Background: Government has implemented Essential Service Package (ESP) under Health, Nutrition and Population Sector Program (HNPSP) to reach and maintain the highest attainable level of health care to the people of Bangladesh.

Objective: To assess the utilization of Essential Service Package by rural community.

Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out during January 2011 to June 2011 on 160 respondents of age 18 years and above.Sample was selected purposively from Nababganj Upazila under Dhaka district. After taking informed consent data were collected by face to face interview using structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 16.

Results: The study revealed that highest number (71.9%) of respondents attended Upazila health Complex (UHC) to utilize ESP services. Among the respondents female (85.6%) were more than male. The lower class (19.4%) and middle class population (46.9%) utilized significantly more than upper class (8.7%).The most of the respondents had primary level of education (31.9%). Utilization of Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) (82.9%), Antenatal care (ANC) (16.2%), Family planning (FP) (11.2%), treatment of communicable diseases (40%) and limited curative care (12.5%) were found. Regarding Behavioural change communication (BCC) (41.3%) said that they got health education from the UHC and 58.9% response was negative.

Conclusion: The overall utilization of ESP services is good. To utilize the ESP from the existing UHC facilities for the rural community population is needed to be strengthening for achieving the health goals.

Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.10 (2) Jan 2019: 377-380
Disease pattern and Biochemical profile as a predictor of outcome of Critically sick neonates in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Yusuf Mir Mohammad , Yasmeen BH Nazma , Chowdhury MAK Azad
Published: February 2020

Background: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is predominately concerned with the management of critically sick neonates having acute life threatening conditions. Usually neonates having respiratory distress, acute neurological deterioration, severe infection and prematurity contribute the major admission in a NICU.

Objective: To find out the disease pattern and biochemical profile as a predictor of outcome of critically sick neonates in NICU.

Methods: This observational prospective study was carried out at NICU of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital from January 2015 to July 2015. Total 121 neonates were enrolled according to inclusion criteria and analyzed some important biochemical profile specially electrolyte and blood gas status as a part of proper management as well as to predict their outcome.

Results: Among critically sick neonates, perinatal asphyxia was common disorder followed by sepsis. Biochemical profile specially electrolyte and acid-base disruption play important role to the outcome of critically sick neonates. Low pH, low potassium and high base-deficit level were found to have worse outcome.

Conclusion: Perinatal asphyxia constitutemajor cause of admission ofcritically sick neonates. Early detection of electrolyte and acid-base status is helpful to care and overall survival of these neonates. Mortality was the highest among neonatal sepsis followedby perinatal asphyxia. Metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia were the predictor of outcome of such critically sick neonates.

Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.10 (2) Jan 2019: 381-385
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF BERBASIS AKHLAK DALAM PENERAPAN KURIKULUM 2013 DI SDN KOTA DUMAI
Authors: Sofyan Neny Suharni
Published: February 2020

This research is a research on the development of moral-based cooperative learning models in the application of the 2013 curriculum in elementary schools. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of validity and feasibility of the developed model. This research is a research and development (R&D and R&D) at SDN Dumai City. This development is carried out on the moral-based cooperative learning model in the application of the 2013 Curriculum at SDN Dumai City. The results showed the Graphic Design indicator got a validation score of 79.00 in the good category, the language effect received a validation score of 78.00 in the good category, and the content content effect received a validation value of 83.00 in the good category. While the results of the implementation, the results showed in SDN 002 Big Chart the results of the first trial got a score of 78 with a percentage of 46.33%, after the second trial the results of the study increased to 101 with a percentage of 59.83%, and again increased in the third trial to 134 with a percentage of 79.33%. While the implementation in SDN 004 Bagan the first tryout got a score of 61 with a percentage of 48.4% and increased in the second trial to 80 with a percentage of 63.4%, while in the third trial again increased to 91 with a percentage of 72%. From the results of the study it can be concluded that the development of a moral-based cooperative learning model in the implementation of 2013 curriculum produced a valid and reliable moral-based cooperative manual (KBA) and was able to increase student interaction and learning outcomes.
Designing the Uniform Stochastic Photomatrix Therapeutic Systems
Authors: Karaduta Oleg K. , Deon Aleksei F. , Menyaev Yulian A.
Published: February 2020

Photomatrix therapeutic systems (PMTS) are widely used for the tasks of preventive, stimulating and rehabilitation medicine. They consist of low-intensity light-emitting diodes (LEDs) having the quasi-monochromatic irradiation properties. Depending on the LED matrix structures, PMTS are intended to be used for local and large areas of bio-objects. However, in the case of non-uniform irradiation of biological tissues, there is a risk of an inadequate physiological response to this type of exposure. The proposed approach considers a novel technique for designing this type of biomedical technical systems, which use the capabilities of stochastic algorithms for LED switching. As a result, the use of stochastic photomatrix systems based on the technology of uniform twisting generation of random variables significantly expands the possibilities of their medical application.
Cyclists′ Exposure to Road Traffic Noise: A Comparison of Three North American and European Cities
Authors: Apparicio Philippe , Gelb Jérémy
Published: February 2020

According to the World Health Organization, high levels of exposure to road traffic noise are associated with adverse health effects. Earlier studies suggest that cyclists are exposed to higher noise levels than motorists. Other studies have demonstrated that cyclists’ exposure to noise could vary significantly according to their routes. The aim of this study is to compare cyclists’ exposure to noise and their determinants in three cities. Three participants cycled equipped with noise dosimeters and GPS watches: 1823, 967, and 1362 km in Copenhagen, Paris, and Montreal, respectively. We fitted three generalized additive mixed model with an autoregressive term models to predict the cyclists’ exposure to noise according to the type of route and bicycle infrastructure after controlling for the day of the week, as well as spatial and temporal trends. The overall noise means were 73.4, 70.7, and 68.4 dB(A) in Paris, Montreal, and Copenhagen, respectively. The exposure to road traffic noise is strongly associated with the type of bicycle infrastructure taken by the cyclist; riding on a cycleway significantly decreases it, while riding in a shared lane has no impact. Our findings demonstrate that it is possible to achieve a substantial reduction in cyclists′ exposure by adopting new practices that include noise exposure in the planning of future cycling infrastructure.
Creeping Bentgrass Fairway Wear Resistance by Granular Topdressing of Ca/Mg-rich Liming Agents
Authors: Pruyne Derek T. , Schlossberg Maxim J. , Uddin Wakar
Published: February 2020

Depletion of extractable silicon (Si) from surface soil depths has been observed in managed production systems. While not characterized as a plant essential nutrient, Si accrues in epidermal and vascular tissue of monocotyledonous plants. A field evaluation of granular Ca/Mg-rich liming agents was initiated on a creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L. cv. Declaration) fairway in 2010. Excluding the control, treatments comprised 2440 kg (ha year)−1 topdressing of calcitic/dolomitic blended limestone or Ca/Mg-SiO3 in semi-annual or more frequent “split” applications. Each week of the 2011 and 2012 growing seasons, a dedicated wear simulator trafficked the fairway plots. Measures of canopy quality, clipping yield, tissue composition, soil pH, and plant-available soil Si levels were collected frequently. The described Ca/Mg-SiO3 annual topdressing rates correlated with acetic acid extractable Si levels >30 mg kg−1 in the 0- to 5-cm soil depth. Neither creeping bentgrass vigor, nutrition, nor leaf water content was influenced by significantly elevated levels of soil and tissue Si. Relative to non-trafficked plots, all split plots within trafficked main plots showed similarly reduced canopy quality regardless of topdressing treatment. If a critical threshold leaf Si concentration for creeping bentgrass wear tolerance enhancement exists, it is unlikely <11 g Si kg−1.
Analysis of the Modulation of Dormancy Release in Almond (Prunus dulcis) in Relation to the Flowering and Ripening Dates and Production under Controlled Temperature Conditions
Authors: Prudencio Ángela S. , Martínez-Gómez Pedro , Dicenta Federico
Published: February 2020

In this study, the control of eco- and endo-dormancy release led to the modulation of the flowering time in almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb). The study was performed in almond cultivars with contrasting flowering times: the extra-early flowering cultivar Desmayo Largueta and the ultra-late cultivar Tardona. Temperature control in the “Autumn”, “Winter” and “Spring” chambers successfully delayed the flowering time in Desmayo Largueta. Advance flowering in the cultivar Tardona was limited, however, even with the application of sufficient chill in the Winter chamber. The ecodormancy period and the heat accumulation for flowering were not stable among cultivars, even though the heat accumulation was generally high, in accordance with that accumulated in field conditions. The heat requirements of the early cultivar Desmayo Largueta were lower than those of the ultra-late cultivar Tardona. We observed a decreasing pattern in ecodormancy along treatments that was probably related to the temperature in the Spring chamber. Finally, flowering and fruit set were highly variable, and these parameters were more dependent on the cultivar assayed than on the treatment applied. Although the ripening time under our experimental conditions was earlier than the phenological dates observed in the field, the flowering time delayed the ripening time in the case of the extra-early cultivar Desmayo Largueta. The fruit weight increased in the last treatments, whereas the kernel/fruit ratio decreased, as the kernel weight did not vary significantly along treatments. The results obtained show that flowering time can be modulated by temperature control and that other uncontrolled factors, such as photoperiod, can be involved in the control of endodormancy release and flowering time, especially in late flowering cultivars.
Changes in Storage and the Stratification Ratio of Soil Organic Carbon under Different Vegetation Types in Northeastern China
Authors: Yu Pujia , Liu Shiwei , Ding Zhi , Zhang Aichun , Tang Xuguang
Published: February 2020

The depth distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) in a soil profile is important to examine the effects of different treatments on SOC sequestration. This study was conducted to determine the effects of different vegetation types on the concentration, storage, and stratification ratio (SR) of SOC in northeastern China. Five vegetation types, Leymus chinensis (LEY), Puccinellia tenuiflora (PUC), Echinochloa phyllopogon (ECH), saline seepweed (SUA), and Chloris virgata Swartz (CHL), were selected as treatments. Soil bulk density and SOC concentration were measured at 0 to 50 cm depth, and SOC storage and four SRs (SR1 [0–10:10–20 cm], SR2 [0–10:20–30 cm], SR3 [0–10:30–40 cm], and SR4 [0–10:40–50 cm]) were calculated under the five vegetation types. Results showed a pronounced reduction in SOC concentration with increasing soil depth. Vegetation types had significant effects on SOC concentration and storage. Under PUC, ECH, SUA, and CHL treatments, SOC concentrations (2.150, 1.068, 4.110, and 2.542 g kg−1, respectively) and storages (15.075, 7.273, 30.024, and 18.078 Mg ha−1, respectively) at 0–50 cm depth were lower than those under the LEY treatment. SR1 values were all < 2, while SR2, SR3, and SR4 values were all > 2 except for SR2 under ECH and SUA treatments. Vegetation types had significant effects on SR3 (p < 0.001) and SR4 (p = 0.040), while no significant differences were found for SR1 and SR2 due to the narrow range, with values of 0.248 and 0.553 for SR1 and SR2, respectively, among the vegetation types. These results indicated that the degraded soils have great potential to sequester organic carbon in northeastern China, and SR3 could be used as an effective index to show the changes in SOC concentration and soil quality in northeastern China.
Changes in the Weed Seed Bank in Long-Term Establishment Methods Trials under Rice-Wheat Cropping System
Authors: Sharma Prashant , Singh Manoj Kumar , Verma Kamlesh , Prasad Saroj Kumar
Published: February 2020

The rice–wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains is the backbone of food security in India. In the 1990s, due to the scarcity of resources, the traditional Crop Establishment (CE) method shifted from Conventional Till Puddle Transplanted Rice (CTPTR) to CT Direct Seeded Rice (CTDSR) and Zero-Till DSR (ZTDSR) in paddy; and in wheat, from Conventional Till Wheat (CTW) to Zero Till Wheat (ZTW), with residue retention in rice (RRR) or in both rice and wheat (RRRW). Shift in CE methods led to change in Weed Seed Bank (WSB) dynamics and ultimately affected the weed management program. After five years of field trials, soil samples were drawn as per 2-factors factorial randomized block design. Factor-I comprised 4-CE methods, whereas factor-II consisted of 3-soil depths (0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm). Results showed CTPTR-CTW and ZTDSR-ZTW (RRRW) record the highest seed bank (SB) of grasses, sedges and BLWs as total weeds, in general; and predominant weeds like Echinochloa spp., Ammania baccifera, Commelina benghalensis and Digitaria sanguinalis, in particular. It also showed the higher species richness (DMg) and Shannon–Weaver (H’) indices. CTDSR-CTW and CTDSR-ZTW (RRR) show the lowest WSB and at par with Shannon–Weaver (H’) index; further, lowest species richness (DMg) under CTDSR-CTW. Species Evenness (J’) and Simpson index (λ) vary non-significantly with CE methods. Furthermore, 0–10 cm soil depth showed the highest SB of different category of total weed, predominant weeds as well as higher values of DMg, H’, and λ; whereas reverse trend was observed in Whittaker Statistic (βW). Interaction between CE methods and soil depth revealed most of WSB lying on the top layer in case of ZTDSR-ZTW (RRRW) and CTDSR-ZTW (RRR); while CTPTR-CTW showed almost uniform WSB distribution, and in case of CTDSR-CTW, a gradual decrease in WSB with soil depth.
Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Cu/Zn SODs Acting as Hub Genes of SODs in Hylocereus undatus Induced by Trypsin during Storage
Authors: Pang Xinyue , Li Xinling , Liu Xueru , Cai Luning , Li Bairu , Li Xin
Published: February 2020

It has been revealed by us that superoxide scavenging is a new activity of trypsin. In this study, the synergistic mechanisms of trypsin and superoxide dismutases (SODs) were evaluated in Hylocereus undatus (pitaya). Trypsin significantly improved the storage quality of H. undatus, including weight loss impediment and decrease of cellular injury. The regulatory mechanisms of 16 SOD genes by trypsin were revealed using transcriptomic analysis on H. undatus. Results revealed that important physiological metabolisms, such as antioxidant activities or metal ion transport were induced, and defense responses were inhibited by trypsin. Furthermore, the results of protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks showed that besides the entire ROS network, the tiny SODs sub-network was also a scale-free network. Cu/Zn SODs acted as the hub that SODs synergized with trypsin during the storage of H. undatus.
Biopotential of Bersama abyssinica Fresen Stem Bark Extracts: UHPLC Profiles, Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Antiproliferative Propensities
Authors: Sinan Kouadio Ibrahime , Chiavaroli Annalisa , Orlando Giustino , Bene Kouadio , Zengin Gokhan , Cziáky Zoltán , Jekő József , Fawzi Mahomoodally Mohamad , Picot-Allain Marie Carene Nancy , Menghini Luigi , Recinella Lucia , Brunetti Luigi , Leone Sheila , Ciferri Maria Chiara , Di Simone Simonetta , Ferrante Claudio
Published: February 2020

In this study, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts of Bersama abyssinica (Melianthaceae) stem bark were screened for enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant properties. The water extract possessed the highest concentration of phenols (230.83 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract), while the methanol extract was rich in flavonoids (75.82 mg rutin equivalent/g extract), and the ethyl acetate extract possessed the highest amount of saponins (97.37 mg quillaja equivalent/g). The aim of this study was to investigate the antiproliferative effects against the human colon cancer HCT116 cell line challenged with serotonin (5-HT) as a stimulating-proliferation factor. The level of HCT116 cell-deriving pool of kynurenic acid (KA) was also assessed. The UHPLC results confirmed the presence of 58, 68, and 63 compounds in the ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts, respectively. Mangiferin, vitexin and its isomer isovitexin were tentatively identified in all extracts and KA (m/z 190.05042 [M−H]+) was also tentatively identified in the methanol and water extracts. The methanol extract (1464.08 mg Trolox equivalent [TE]/g extract) showed the highest activity in the CUPRAC assay, whereas the water extract (1063.70 mg TE/g extract) showed the highest activity with the FRAP technique. The ethyl acetate extract was the most active acetylcholinesterase (4.43 mg galantamine equivalent/g extract) and α-glucosidase (mmol acarbose equivalent /g extract) inhibitor. The water extract was able to inhibit 5-HT-stimulated viability of HCT116 cells, and blunt 5-HT-induced reduction of cell-deriving KA. The scientific data generated in this study provide baseline data regarding the biological properties of B. abyssinica stem bark, highlighting its potential use for the development of new pharmaceutic and cosmetic agents.
Plant Phenolics and Phenolic-Enriched Extracts as Antimicrobial Agents against Food-Contaminating Microorganisms
Authors: Takó Miklós , Kerekes Erika Beáta , Zambrano Carolina , Kotogán Alexandra , Papp Tamás , Krisch Judit , Vágvölgyi Csaba
Published: February 2020

Phenolic compounds and extracts with bioactive properties can be obtained from many kinds of plant materials. These natural substances have gained attention in the food research as possible growth inhibitors of foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Many phenolic-enriched plant extracts and individual phenolics have promising anti-quorum sensing potential as well and can suppress the biofilm formation and toxin production of food-related pathogens. Various studies have shown that plant phenolics can substitute or support the activity of synthetic food preservatives and disinfectants, which, by the way, can provoke serious concerns in consumers. In this review, we will provide a brief insight into the bioactive properties, i.e., the antimicrobial, anti-quorum sensing, anti-biofilm and anti-enterotoxin activities, of plant phenolic extracts and compounds, with special attention to pathogen microorganisms that have food relation. Carbohydrase aided applications to improve the antimicrobial properties of phenolic extracts are also discussed.
Cytotoxic, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant Properties and Effects on Cell Migration of Phenolic Compounds of Selected Transylvanian Medicinal Plants
Authors: Csepregi Rita , Temesfői Viktória , Das Sourav , Alberti Ágnes , Tóth Csenge Anna , Herczeg Róbert , Papp Nóra , Kőszegi Tamás
Published: February 2020

Medicinal plants are widely used in folk medicine but quite often their composition and biological effects are hardly known. Our study aimed to analyze the composition, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and cellular migration effects of Anthyllis vulneraria, Fuchsia magellanica, Fuchsia triphylla and Lysimachia nummularia used in the Romanian ethnomedicine for wounds. Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to analyze 50% (v/v) ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the plants’ leaves. Antimicrobial activities were estimated with a standard microdilution method. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by validated chemical cell-free and biological cell-based assays. Cytotoxic effects were performed on mouse fibroblasts and human keratinocytes with a plate reader-based method assessing intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), nucleic acid and protein contents and also by a flow cytometer-based assay detecting apoptotic–necrotic cell populations. Cell migration to cover cell-free areas was visualized by time-lapse phase-contrast microscopy using standard culture inserts. Fuchsia species showed the strongest cytotoxicity and the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. However, their ethanolic extracts facilitated cell migration, most probably due to their various phenolic acid, flavonoid and anthocyanin derivatives. Our data might serve as a basis for further animal experiments to explore the complex action of Fuchsia species in wound healing assays.
An End-To-End Model for Pipe Crack Three-Dimensional Visualization Based on a Cascade Neural Network
Authors: Fang Xia , Wang Yang , Li Yong , Wang Jie , Zhou Libin
Published: February 2020

With the continuous progress of machine vision technology, crack detection in pipelines has been greatly improved. For crack detection in deep holes, inner tubes, and other environments, it is not only necessary to detect the existence of cracks, but also to collect important information regarding the crack detection direction for further analysis. Because shooting with a frontal field of view causes the real side wall images to produce certain distortions, the detection and calibration of cracks requires a certain amount of professional technology and time. It usually takes a long time to collect the image to eliminate the distortion, and then to identify the crack and mark the direction according to the data line. Therefore, a simple and efficient end-to-end neural network model for crack recognition and three-dimensional visualization are proposed by using a cascade network and simple recognition technology in conjunction with inertial navigation equipment. In addition, we screen the crack data via pixel calibration and eliminate the ambiguous data to make the visualization more accurate. Experiments in pipelines and burrows show that the accuracy, performance, and efficiency of the proposed method reached a high level.
Numerical Investigation of Mixing Characteristic for CH4/Air in Rotating Detonation Combustor
Authors: Jin Shan , Meng Qingyang , Li Zhiming , Zhao Ningbo , Zheng Hongtao , Yang Jialong
Published: February 2020

The mixing process of fuel and oxidizer is a very critical factor affecting the real operating performance of non-premixed rotating detonation combustor. In this paper, a two-dimensional numerical study is carried out to investigate the flow and mixing characteristics of CH4/air in combustor with different injection structures. On this basis, the effect of CH4/air mixing on the critical ignition energy for forming detonation is theoretically analyzed in detail. The numerical results indicate that injection strategies of CH4 and air can obviously affect the flow filed characteristic, pressure loss, mixing uniformity and local equivalence ratio in combustor, which further affect the critical ignition energy for forming detonation. In the study for three different mass flow rates (the mass flow rates of air are 12.01 kg/s,8.58 kg/s and 1.72 kg/s, respectively), when air is radially injected into combustor (fuel/air are injected perpendicular to each other), although the mixing quality of CH4 and air is improved, the total pressure loss is also increased. In addition, the comparative analysis also shows that the increase of mass flow rate of CH4/air can decrease the difference of the critical ignition energy for forming detonation at a constant total equivalence ratio. The ignition energy decreases with the decrease of the total flow rate and then increases gradually.
Micromagnetic Modeling of All Optical Switching of Ferromagnetic Thin Films: The Role of Inverse Faraday Effect and Magnetic Circular Dichroism
Authors: Raposo Victor , Guedas Rodrigo , García-Sánchez Felipe , Hernández M. Auxiliadora , Zazo Marcelino , Martínez Eduardo
Published: February 2020

There is a lot of experimental evidence of All Optical Switching (AOS) by applying ultrashort laser pulses on ferromagnetic thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. However, the physical origin behind these processes remains under debate. In addition to the heating caused by the laser pulses, the Inverse Faraday Effect (IFE) and Magnetic Circular Dichroism (MCD) have been proposed as the most probable phenomena responsible for the observations of helicity-dependent AOS. Here, we review the influence of both phenomena by means of realistic micromagnetic simulations based on the Landau–Lifshitz–Bloch equation coupled to the heat transport caused by the laser heating. The analysis allows us to reveal the similarities and differences between both effects. While both mechanisms may lead to the local inversion of the initial magnetic state of a ferromagnetic sample submitted to a train of circularly polarized laser pulses, the Inverse Faraday Effect proves to be more efficient for nucleation and domain wall movement and it reproduces more accurately the different magnetic configurations that the experiments report for different values of the fluence of the laser beam.
Glassy PEEK-WC vs. Rubbery Pebax®1657 Polymers: Effect on the Gas Transport in CuNi-MOF Based Mixed Matrix Membranes
Authors: Esposito Elisa , Bruno Rosaria , Monteleone Marcello , Fuoco Alessio , Ferrando Soria Jesús , Pardo Emilio , Armentano Donatella , Jansen Johannes Carolus
Published: February 2020

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) are seen as promising candidates to overcome the fundamental limit of polymeric membranes, known as the so-called Robeson upper bound, which defines the best compromise between permeability and selectivity of neat polymeric membranes. To overcome this limit, the permeability of the filler particles in the MMM must be carefully matched with that of the polymer matrix. The present work shows that it is not sufficient to match only the permeability of the polymer and the dispersed phase, but that one should consider also the individual contributions of the diffusivity and the solubility of the gas in both components. Here we compare the gas transport performance of two different MMMs, containing the metal–organic framework CuNi-MOF in the rubbery Pebax®1657 and in the glassy poly(ether-ether-ketone) with cardo moiety, PEEK-WC. The chemical and structural properties of MMMs were investigated by means of FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and EDX analysis. The influence of MOF on the mechanical and thermal properties of both polymers was investigated by tensile tests and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The MOF loading in Pebax®1657 increased the ideal H2/N2 selectivity from 6 to 8 thanks to an increased H2 permeability. In general, the MOF had little effect on the Pebax®165 membranes because an increase in gas solubility was neutralized by an equivalent decrease in effective diffusivity. Instead, the addition of MOF to PEEK-WC increases the ideal CO2/CH4 selectivity from 30 to ~48 thanks to an increased CO2 permeability (from 6 to 48 Barrer). The increase in CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 selectivity is maintained under mixed gas conditions.
A Review of Fault Diagnosing Methods in Power Transmission Systems
Authors: Raza Ali , Benrabah Abdeldjabar , Alquthami Thamer , Akmal Muhammad
Published: February 2020

Transient stability is important in power systems. Disturbances like faults need to be segregated to restore transient stability. A comprehensive review of fault diagnosing methods in the power transmission system is presented in this paper. Typically, voltage and current samples are deployed for analysis. Three tasks/topics; fault detection, classification, and location are presented separately to convey a more logical and comprehensive understanding of the concepts. Feature extractions, transformations with dimensionality reduction methods are discussed. Fault classification and location techniques largely use artificial intelligence (AI) and signal processing methods. After the discussion of overall methods and concepts, advancements and future aspects are discussed. Generalized strengths and weaknesses of different AI and machine learning-based algorithms are assessed. A comparison of different fault detection, classification, and location methods is also presented considering features, inputs, complexity, system used and results. This paper may serve as a guideline for the researchers to understand different methods and techniques in this field.
Fabrication of Natural Flake Graphite/Ceramic Composite Parts with Low Thermal Conductivity and High Strength by Selective Laser Sintering
Authors: Wu Haihua , Chen Kui , Li Yafeng , Ren Chaoqun , Sun Yu , Huang Caihua
Published: February 2020

The 3D graphite/ceramic composite prototyping parts directly prepared by selective laser sintering (SLS) were porous, which led to poor strength and low thermal conductivity. In order to obtain low thermal conductivity and high strength, its thermal conductivity and compressive strength were adjusted by changing the mixture powder composition and adding post-processing. The result showed that the addition of silicon powder in the mixture powder could significantly improve the compressive strength and thermal conductivity. The addition of expanded graphite was beneficial to the formation of the closed pores in the matrix, which slightly reduced the compressive strength but significantly reduced the thermal conductivity. The 3D graphite/ceramic composite part showed an order of magnitude improvement in compressive strength (from 1.25 to 13.87 MPa) but relatively small change in thermal conductivity (from 1.40 to 2.12 W·m−1K−1) and density (from 0.53 to 1.13 g·cm−3) by post-processing. Reasonable mixture powder composition and post-processing were determined and realized the possibility of fabricating a 3D graphite/ceramic composite part with low thermal conductivity but high compressive strength. Furthermore, it could be used for the repeated casting of steel castings, and through the comparative analysis of casting defects, the prepared graphite/ceramic composite part was expected to replace water glass sand mold.
A Deep Parallel Diagnostic Method for Transformer Dissolved Gas Analysis
Authors: Wu Xiaoxin , He Yigang , Duan Jiajun
Published: February 2020

With the development of Industry 4.0, as a pivotal part of the power system, large-capacity power transformers are requiring fault diagnostic methods with higher intelligence, accuracy and anti-interference ability. Considering the powerful capability for extracting non-linear features and the sensitivity differences to features of deep learning methods, this paper proposes a deep parallel diagnostic method for transformer dissolved gas analysis (DGA). In view of the insufficient and imbalanced dataset of transformers, adaptive synthetic oversampling (ADASYN) was implemented to augment the fault dataset. Then, the newly constructed dataset was normalized and input into the LSTM-based diagnostic framework. Then, the dataset was converted into images as the input of the CNN-based diagnostic framework. At the same time, the problem of still insufficient data was compensated by the introduction of transfer learning technology. Finally, the diagnostic models were trained and tested respectively, and the Dempster–Shafer (DS) evidence theory was introduced to fuse the diagnostic confidence matrices of the two models to achieve deep parallel diagnosis. The results of the proposed deep parallel diagnostic method show that without complex feature extraction, the diagnostic accuracy rate could reach 96.9%. Even when the dataset was superimposed with 3% random noises, the rate only decreased by 0.62%.
On Flexural Performance of Girder-To-Girder Wet Joint for Lightweight Steel-UHPC Composite Bridge
Authors: Deng Shuwen , Shao Xudong , Yan Banfu , Wang Yan , Li Huihui
Published: February 2020

Joints are always the focus of the precast structure for accelerated bridge construction. In this paper, a girder-to-girder joint suitable for steel-ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) lightweight composite bridge (LWCB) is proposed. Two flexural tests were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed T-shaped girder-to-girder joint. The test results indicated that: (1) The T-shaped joint has a better cracking resistance than the traditional I-shaped joint; (2) The weak interfaces of the T-shaped joint are set in the areas with relatively lower negative bending moment, and thus the cracking risk could be decreased drastically; (3) The natural curing scheme for the joint is feasible, and the reinforcement has a very large inhibitory effect on the UHPC material shrinkage; The joint interface is the weak region of the LWCB, which requires careful consideration in future designs. Based on the experimental test results, the design and calculation methods for the deflection, crack width, and ultimate flexural capacity in the negative moment region of LWCB were presented.
Deformability of Bisphenol A-Type Epoxy Resin-Based Polymer Concrete with Different Hardeners and Fillers
Authors: Yeon Jaeheum
Published: February 2020

This study experimentally investigated the deformability characteristics of bisphenol A-type epoxy resin-based polymer concrete produced using two types of hardener and four types of filler. In particular, the basic properties of epoxy resin polymer concrete, including the modulus of elasticity, setting shrinkage, and thermal expansion, were experimentally investigated to obtain basic data for evaluating compatibility and dimensional stability. The properties of the epoxy resin polymer concrete were determined when different types of hardener and filler were employed. Differences in deformability can be identified based on these properties. In the present study, the setting shrinkage, coefficient of thermal expansion, and modulus of elasticity were lowest when fly ash was employed as one of the four fillers. Hence, it is advantageous to use fly ash as a repair material for ordinary Portland cement concrete structures. Therefore, the results of this study will be helpful when selecting the types of hardener and filler needed to tailor the epoxy resin polymer concrete produced to be suitable for a particular application.
A GHG Metric Methodology to Assess Onsite Buildings Non-Potable Water System for Outdoor Landscape Use
Authors: Seguela Geraldine , Littlewood John R. , Karani George
Published: February 2020

This paper documents a water:energy greenhouse gas (GHG) metric methodology for a decentralized non-potable water system that was developed as part of a Professional Doctorate in Engineering (DEng) research project by the first author. The project identified the need to investigate the challenges in changing the use of potable water to recycled water for landscape irrigation (LI) and for water features (WFs) at a medical facility case study (MFCS) in Abu Dhabi (AD) (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The drivers for the research project were based on the need for AD to decrease desalinated potable water as well as reduce the environmental impact and operational costs associated with the processing and use of desalinated water. Thus, the aim of the research discussed and presented in this paper was to measure the impact of using recycled and onsite non-potable water sources at the MFCS to alleviate the use of desalinated potable water and reduce associated energy consumption, operational costs, and GHG emissions (latterly in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), for LI and WFs. The analysis of three case scenarios at the MFCS compared different approaches to alleviate energy use, costs, and GHG impacts for the use of recycled water in LI and WFs against a baseline. The findings led to a proposed sustainable water conservation and reuse (SWC) strategy, which helped save 50% desalinated potable water for LI use by soil improvement, building water system audits, and alternate non-potable water reuse. The recommendations for this paper are to develop a SWC strategy forming the basis for a water protocol by the competent authority for regional medical facilities including an assessment methodology for building decentralized non-potable water systems to measure their energy, GHG emissions and financial impact.