bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Belanja Daerah, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Kesempatan Kerja di Kota Kupang
Authors: Fanggidae Frits O
Published: December 2019

Belanja daerah adalah salah satu kekuatan fiskal daerah yang digunakan pemerintah daerah dalam melaksanakan pembangunan. Dengan prinsip performance budget, setiap rupiah yang dibelanjakan harus diukur dengan kinerja tertentu. Di bidang ekonomi, kinerja belanja daerah antara lain diukur dari pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kesempatan kerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 (tiga) variabel, yaitu kesempatan kerja (vaiabel dependen), belanja daerah (variabel independen) dan pertumbuhan ekonomi (intervening variabel). Dengan menggunakan data sekunder runtut waktu (2008-2017) dan analisis regresi, disimpulkan bahwa belanja daerah tidak berpengaruh terhadap kesempatan kerja melalui pertumbuhan ekonomi. Hal ini disebabkan porsi belanja daerah untuk belanja modal sangat kecil, sehingga tidak mengarah pada pembentukan modal tetap bruto (infrastruktur) dan pembentukan modal manusia (technical skill) untuk mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi dan penciptaan kesempatan kerja.
Primordial Earth Mantle Heterogeneity Caused by the Moon-forming Giant Impact?
Authors: Deng Hongping , Ballmer Maxim D. , Reinhardt Christian , Meier Matthias M. M. , Mayer Lucio , Stadel Joachim , Benitez Federico
Published: December 2019

The giant impact hypothesis for Moon formation successfully explains the dynamic properties of the Earth–Moon system but remains challenged by the similarity of isotopic fingerprints of the terrestrial and lunar mantles. Moreover, recent geochemical evidence suggests that the Earth’s mantle preserves ancient (or “primordial”) heterogeneity that pre-dates the Moon-forming giant impact. Using a new hydrodynamical method, we here show that Moon-forming giant impacts lead to a stratified starting condition for the evolution of the terrestrial mantle. The upper layer of the Earth is compositionally similar to the disk, out of which the Moon evolves, whereas the lower layer preserves proto-Earth characteristics. As long as this predicted compositional stratification can at least partially be preserved over the subsequent billions of years of Earth mantle convection, a compositional similarity between the Moon and the accessible Earth’s mantle is a natural outcome of realistic and high-probability Moon-forming impact scenarios. The preservation of primordial heterogeneity in the modern Earth not only reconciles geochemical constraints but is also consistent with recent geophysical observations. Furthermore, for significant preservation of a proto-Earth reservoir, the bulk major-element composition of the Earth–Moon system may be systematically shifted toward chondritic values.
Impact of a Spinning Supermassive Black Hole on the Orbit and Gravitational Waves of a Nearby Compact Binary
Authors: Fang Yun , Chen Xian , Huang Qing-Guo
Published: December 2019

Recent theoretical studies suggest that stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) would merge more efficiently due to the Kozai–Lidov (K–L) mechanism if these binaries form in the vicinity of supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Since SMBHs are likely rotating rapidly, we continue our earlier study on the generalization of the K–L formalism to include the spin of the SMBH and study the evolution of a nearby BBH. We find that the eccentricity and orbital inclination of the BBH are significantly affected, because the spin (i) forces the orbital plane of the center-of-mass of the BBH around the SMBH to precess (the Lense–Thirring effect) and (ii) imposes an additional gravitomagnetic force on the BBH. As a result, the merger time of the BBH could be significantly different. We calculate the waveform from the BBH in one representative example and study its detectability with a milli-Hertz gravitational-wave detector, such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). We find that the signal is distinguishable from that in the case without spin. Our results imply that the BBHs in the LISA band could potentially be used to probe the spin of the SMBHs in galaxy centers.
Current GBIF occurrence data demonstrates both promise and limitations for potential red listing of spiders
Authors: Shirey Vaughn , Seppälä Sini , Branco Vasco , Cardoso Pedro
Published: December 2019

Conservation assessments of hyperdiverse groups of organisms are often challenging and limited by the availability of occurrence data needed to calculate assessment metrics such as extent of occurrence (EOO). Spiders represent one such diverse group and have historically been assessed using primary literature with retrospective georeferencing. Here we demonstrate the differences in estimations of EOO and hypothetical IUCN Red List classifications for two extensive spider datasets comprising 479 species in total. The EOO were estimated and compared using literature-based assessments, Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)-based assessments and combined data assessments. We found that although few changes to hypothetical IUCN Red List classifications occurred with the addition of GBIF data, some species (3.3%) which could previously not be classified could now be assessed with the addition of GBIF data. In addition, the hypothetical classification changed for others (1.5%). On the other hand, GBIF data alone did not provide enough data for 88.7% of species. These results demonstrate the potential of GBIF data to serve as an additional source of information for conservation assessments, complementing literature data, but not particularly useful on its own as it stands right now for spiders.
Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of 6-methyl-2-((2-oxo-2-arylethyl)thio)pyrimidin-4(3 H)-one derivatives and products of their cyclization
Authors: Severina Hanna , Skupa Olga O. , Voloshchuk Natalya I. , Suleiman Marharyta M. , Georgiyants Victoriya A.
Published: December 2019

The alkylation of 6-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-4-one phenacyl bromides under different conditions was investigated. It was found that during the reaction in the medium of DMF/K2CO3 a mixture of 2-(2-aryl-2-oxoethyl)thio-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4(3H)-one and 3-hydroxy-3-aryl-7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-5-one was formed. The holding of the resulting mixture in the concentrated sulphuric acid leads to the formation of cyclization products - derivatives of 3-aryl-7-methyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one with high yields. Individual S-alkylated derivatives – 2-(2-aryl-2-oxoethyl)thio-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4(3H)-one - were obtained by reacting in methanol in the presence of sodium methoxide. Pharmacological screening of synthesized compounds for anticonvulsant activity on the model of pentylenetetrazole seizures in rats was carried out and some regularity “structure-activity” was established.
Competencies and Roles of Community Mental Health Nurses
Authors: Kudless Mary W. , White Jane H.
Published: December 2019

Community mental health nurses practice in a range of behavioral health care settings, including community mental health centers, detoxification centers, group homes for individuals with mental retardation or serious mental illnesses, and residential substance abuse treatment programs. As the population for whom they care grows and ages and with an increase in comorbid conditions, different skills may be needed or different roles may require emphasis. This can present challenges related to role competencies and nursing preparation and to the allocation of their time. The overall purposes of this project were to compare the competencies of basic and advanced practice nurses with accepted psychiatric-mental health nursing competencies and to assess the nurses’ roles and division of work time among various roles. The findings support the need for changes related to nursing roles and job descriptions. Specific recommendations have been implemented based on the findings.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Ms. Kudless is Deputy Director, Fairfax-Falls Church Community Services Board, Fairfax, Virginia; and Dr. White is Vera E. Bender Professor of Nursing and Associate Dean, School of Nursing, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York.

The authors acknowledge the excellent manuscript assistance provided by Susan M. Donovan.

The authors disclose that they have no significant financial interests in any product or class of products discussed directly or indirectly in this activity, including research support.

Address correspondence to Mary W. Kudless, MSN, APRN, BC, Deputy Director, Fairfax-Falls Church Community Services Board, 12011 Government Center Parkway, Suite 836, Fairfax, VA 22035; e-mail: marykudless@comcast.net.
Staff Resistance to Restraint Reduction: Identifying and Overcoming Barriers
Authors: Curran Staci Silver
Published: December 2019

Please click here to read letters to the editor about this article.

 

Professional organizations, regulating agencies, and hospital administrators have taken a strong stance on restraint reduction policies. When implementing a restraint reduction initiative, it is important to identify the barriers to restraint reduction, such as concern for personal safety, lack of knowledge about and practice using alternate de-escalation skills, and fear of disrupting the therapeutic milieu by using a variety of de-escalation methods.

Education aimed to reduce the use of restraints needs to do more than simply provide information. It is important to acknowledge the emotional response of the nursing staff and the culture of the current practice. A variety of educational strategies, including role-playing, and case studies will help identify attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors that are congruent with reducing the use of restraints. If the ultimate goal of restraint reduction is philosophical change, it will eventually lead to a new culture of practice.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Ms. Curran is Nurse Educator and Staff Nurse, Belmont Center for Comprehensive Treatment, and Adjunct Faculty, Holy Family University, Philadelphia, and Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania.

The author discloses that she has no significant financial interests in any product or class of products discussed directly or indirectly in this activity, including research support.

Address correspondence to Staci Silver Curran, MSN, RN, C, Belmont Center for Comprehensive Treatment, 200 Monument Road, Philadelphia, PA 19131; e-mail: stariter1@aol.com.
Comparison of Conventional and OATz Ablation Profiles for Laser in situ Keratomileusis to Correct Myopia up to -10.00 Diopters
Authors: Vongthongsri Anun , Phusitphoykai Nutharin , Siriboonkoom Janpen
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare results of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using two different ablation profiles for correction of myopia between -0.50 and -10.00 D with the Nidek NAVEX system.

METHODS: In a prospective nonrandomized study, 249 myopic eyes (151 patients) had LASIK for correction of myopia. The Nidek MK-2000 microkeratome and the Nidek NAVEX excimer laser system were used in all eyes. Conventional LASIK was performed in 112 eyes of 64 patients with a 6.0-mm ablation zone and 7.5-mm transition zone (conventional group). LASIK with the Nidek OATz ablation profile was performed in 137 eyes of 87 patients, with variable ablation and transition zones (OATz group). Mean baseline manifest refraction was -4.11 ± 1.83 D in the conventional group and -5.45 ± 2.27 D in the OATz group. Baseline best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 83.9% of eyes in the conventional group and 81.0% of eyes in the OATz group.

RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 3.6 months (range 3 to 8 mo). At last follow-up, manifest refraction was within ±0.50 D of emmetropia in 86% of eyes (within ±1.00 D in 99.1%) in the conventional group and 94.2% of eyes (within ±1.00 D in 100%) in the OATz group. Uncorrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in all eyes. No eyes in either group lost 2 or more lines of BSCVA.

CONCLUSIONS: The Nidek NAVEX system was safe and predictable in correcting myopia up to -10.00 D with the OATz ablation profile. OATz LASIK was similar to conventional LASIK in both refractive and visual outcomes. [J Refract Surg 2004;20(suppl):S674-S675]
Whole Eye Wavefront Aberrations in Mexican Male Subjects
Authors: Cantú Roberto , Rosales Marco A , Tepichin Eduardo , Curioca Andrée , Montes Victor , Bonilla Julio
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To analyze the characteristics, incidence, and appearance of wavefront aberrations in undilated, normal, unoperated eyes.

METHODS: Eighty-eight eyes of 44 healthy male Mexican subjects (mean age 25.32 years, range 18 to 36 yr) were divided into three groups based on uncorrected visual acuity of greater than or equal to 20/20, 20/30, or 20/40. UCVA measurements were obtained using an Acuity Max computer screen chart. Wavefront aberrations were measured with the Nidek OPD-Scan ARK 10000, Ver. 1.11b. All measurements were carried out at the same center by the same technician during a single session, following manufacturer instructions. Background illumination was 3 Lux.

RESULTS: Wavefront aberration measurements for each group were statistically analyzed using StatView; an average eye was characterized and the resulting aberrations were simulated using MATLAB. We obtained wavefront aberration maps for the 20/20 undilated normal unoperated eyes for total, low, and high order aberration coefficients. Wavefront maps for right eyes were practically the same as those for left eyes. Higher aberrations did not contribute substantially to total wavefront analysis.

CONCLUSIONS: Average aberrations of this "normal eye" will be used as criteria to decide the necessity of wavefront-guided ablation in our facilities. We will focus on the nearly zero average of high order aberrations in this normal whole eye as a reference to be matched. [J Refract Surg 2004;20(suppl):S685-S688]
Ocular Surface Changes in Laser in situ Keratomileusis-induced Neurotrophic Epitheliopathy
Authors: Savini Giacomo , Barboni Piero , Zanini Maurizio , Tseng Scheffer C G
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ocular surface changes in patients with laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) -induced neurotrophic epitheliopathy.

METHODS: Seven consecutive patients with LASIK-induced neurotrophic epitheliopathy were studied prospectively and compared to a control group (seven consecutive patients who had LASIK-but without neurotrophic epitheliopathy). Bilateral sequential LASIK was performed at a 1-week interval; the first operated eye of each patient was considered for statistical analysis. Blinking, corneal sensitivity, tear break-up time, tear secretion and clearance were measured preoperatively (T
0
) and postoperatively at 1 week after surgery on the first eye (T
1
), and 1 week (T
2
), 1 month (T
3
), and 3 months (T
4
) after surgery was performed on the second eye.

RESULTS: Laser in situ keratomileusis-induced neurotrophic epitheliopathy occurred bilaterally in all patients. During follow-up, patients with LASIK-induced neurotrophic epitheliopathy showed a significant decrease in blinking (P=.0002), which was not observed in cases without LASIK. Compared to eyes without LASIK-induced neurotrophic epitheliopathy, those with LASIK-induced neurotrophic epitheliopathy revealed lower values of sensitivity in the central cornea preoperatively and early post-operatively (T
0
, P=.004; T
1
, P=.003; T
2
, P=.003). A trend towards reduced sensitivity was also detected in the central cornea in late follow-up and in the superior, temporal, and nasal sectors of the flap at all examinations. No significant differences were observed in break-up time, tear secretion, or clearance within or between the two groups.

CONCLUSION: Decreased blinking seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of LASIK-induced neurotrophic epitheliopathy. The reduction probably depends on the lower levels of corneal sensitivity and induces the epitheliopathy by increasing the ocular surface exposure. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:803-809]
INTACS Before or After Laser in situ Keratomileusis: Correction of Thin Corneas With Moderately High Myopia
Authors: Ito Mitsutoshi , Arai Hiroyuki , Fukumoto Teruki , Toda Ikuko , Tsubota Kazuo
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Intrastromal corneal ring segments (INTACS Micro-Thin Prescription Inserts by Addition Technologies, Fremont, Calif) were inserted as a combined surgery with laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in six eyes with thin corneas to correct moderately high myopia.

METHODS: INTACS were implanted before LASIK (INTACS-LASIK) in three eyes and after LASIK (LASIK-INTACS) in three eyes. Mean preoperative manifest spherical equivalent refraction was -7.88 diopters. Mean follow-up was 306 days.

RESULTS: No intraoperative complications occurred. The LASIK-INTACS eyes were slightly more o ver corrected than the INTACS-LASIK eyes because of the enhanced performance of INTACS in the thinned corneal tissue. Induced astigmatism by INTACS per se was less in the LASIK-INTACS eyes than in the INTACS-LASIK eyes. At last examination, uncorrected visual acuity was better than 20/25 in all eyes. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was within 1 line of the preoperative value in all eyes.

CONCLUSION: Both methods resulted in significant improvement in visual acuity and refraction. Based on our limited experience, however, LASIK followed by INTACS is preferred for reasons of safety, convenience, and lower induced cylinder. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:818-822]
Correction of Myopia of 7 to 24 Diopters With the Artisan Phakic Intraocular Lens: Two-year Follow-up
Authors: Benedetti Stefano , Casamenti Virna , Marcaccio Lucio , Brogioni Carlo , Assetto Vincenzo
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the iris claw phakic intraocular lens (Artisan; Ophtec BV, Groningen, The Netherlands) in patients with high myopia.

METHODS: Between May 1999 and July 2001, 93 Artisan phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs) were implanted in 60 patients affected by high myopia. All patients underwent 24-month follow-up. The power of the lenses ranged from -7.5 to -22.0 diopters (D). Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (68 eyes), myopia -6.75 to -15.50 D (SE), and group 2 (25 eyes), myopia -16.0 to -23.0 D (SE). Pre- and postoperative patient evaluation included manifest and cycloplegic refractions, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), endothelial cell count, intraocular pressure, complication rate, safety, and efficacy.

RESULTS: At 4 months, 83.8% (57/68) (group 1, myopia -6.75 to -15.50 D) and 68% (17/25) (group 2, myopia -16.0 to -23.0 D) of eyes achieved UCVA of ≥ 20/40. The BSCVA remained the same or improved in 100% of eyes. After 4 months, 69.1% (47/68) of eyes in group 1 and 52% (13/25) of eyes in group 2 were within ±1.00 D of the desired refraction; the mean refraction was stable between 4 and 24 months. Of the intraoperative complications, 69.2% were observed in the first 25 lenses implanted; postoperative complications included iris atrophy in 11.8% (11/93), lens decentration in 5.4% (5/93), and night glare in 6.4% (6/93) of eyes. No IOLs were removed. Mean endothelial cell loss was 2.8% at 4 months, 3.9% at 12 months, and 5.4% at 24 months.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results regarding implantation of the Artisan phakic IOL confirm that these lenses are safe and effective for the correction of high myopia, with a stable refractive outcome but with a higher than normal rate of endothelial cell loss during 2-year follow-up. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:116-126.]
Use of Polymyxin as an Endotoxin Blocker in the Prevention of Diffuse Lamellar Keratitis in an Animal Model
Authors: Morck Douglas W , Holland Simon P , Ceri Howard , Hancock Robert , Scott-Gough Monisha , Nugyen Van , Keith Erin J , Lee Tracy L
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine whether bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), could induce diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) in an animal model and whether DLK could be prevented by endotoxin blockers such as polymyxin.

METHODS: Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flaps were created in rabbit eyes. The stromal bed was treated with 20 µg of Burkholderia cepacia LPS or balanced salt solution (BSS). Development of DLK, histological degree of inflammation, and presence of LPS detected by anti-LPS antibody were evaluated after 48 hours. In a second experiment, all eyes received LPS and were randomly assigned to receive either polymyxin in the form of two drops of Polytrim (Allergan, Irvine, Calif) on the stromal bed or two drops of BSS.

RESULTS: In the animal model study, LPS was significantly associated with the development of DLK (P<.05, n=30). Infiltration with polymorphonuclear cells and presence of DLK were found in LPS treated eyes but not in controls. In the second experiment, 4 (27%) of 15 eyes that received polymyxin in addition to LPS developed DLK compared to 18 (95%) of 19 eyes that received only LPS (P<.05, n=34). There was a trend towards higher flap displacement in polymyxin treated eyes but this was not significant (P=.07).

CONCLUSIONS: Diffuse lamellar keratitis in a rabbit model can be caused by bacterial endotoxin (LPS). Endotoxin blockers, such as polymyxin, are effective in decreasing the incidence of endotoxin-induced DLK in a rabbit model. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:152-157.]
Rates of Epithelial Ingrowth After LASIK for Different Excimer Laser Systems
Authors: Jun Roo Min , Cristol Stephen M , Kim Moon Jung , Seo Kyoung Yul , Kim Jong Bin , Kim Eung Kweon
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence of epithelial ingrowth after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using the VISX 20/20B and VISX Star S3 laser systems.

METHODS: A chart review of patients who had undergone LASIK between April 1999 and December 2001 was performed. Patients having known risk factors for epithelial ingrowth were excluded from the study. Both eyes of patients who were operated with both laser systems were included in a paired analysis. The first operated eyes of the remaining patients were included in an unpaired analysis. The outcomes studied were epithelial ingrowth (a region of epithelial growth under the flap that was contiguous with the flap edge and extended at least 0.7 mm in the radial direction) and epithelial ingrowth requiring treatment (extending into the pupillary zone, causing reduced vision, causing nighttime glare, or inducing any melting of the flap edge).

RESULTS: In the paired study, 11 (61.1%) of 18 eyes treated with the VISX 20/20B had epithelial ingrowth, and 7 (38.9%) eyes required treatment. None of the eyes treated with the VISX Star S3 had epithelial ingrowth. In the unpaired study, 39 (37.1%) of 105 eyes treated with the VISX 20/20B were noted to have epithelial ingrowth and 14 (13.3%) eyes required treatment. None of the eyes treated with the VISX Star S3 had epithelial ingrowth. The incidence of epithelial ingrowth was significantly different for the VISX 20/20B and the VISX Star S3 in both analyses (paired: P<.001, McNemar's test; unpaired: P<.001, Fisher's exact test).

CONCLUSIONS: The laser system used in LASIK is a risk factor for the development of epithelial ingrowth. [J Refract Surg, 2005;21:276-280.]
Central Island Treatment Using Technolas 217 Based on Orbscan II Assessment
Authors: Cheng Arthur C K , Lam Dennis S C
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To present a case of central island after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis and the treatment technique using Technolas 217 laser based on topography findings.

METHODS: Serial corneal topographies with Orbscan were taken and an ablation profile was generated with subsequent treatment using the phototherapeutic keratectomy mode and surface ablation technique.

RESULTS: Marked reduction was noted in the height of central island and the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved from 20/40 to 20/25.

CONCLUSIONS: Ablation profile based on corneal topography can provide a possible treatment option for patients with central island. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:294-296.]
The Safety and Efficacy of Photorefractive Keratectomy After Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Shaikh Naazli M , Wee Curt E , Kaufman Stephen C
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine the safety and efficacy of performing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in corneas previously treated with laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery.

METHODS: Fifteen eyes of 14 patients who had initially received LASIK for the treatment of myopia and compound myopic astigmatism were evaluated. Variables included existence of and/or type of flap complication associated with the original LASIK procedure, refractions before and after (3 and 6 months) PRK, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), and the development of complications after PRK such as haze, scarring, double vision, or ghosting.

RESULTS: All 15 eyes were available for analysis at 6 months. Eleven eyes had experienced flap complications during the initial LASIK procedure and 4 eyes had experienced complications in the LASIK postoperative period. Characteristics prior to performing PRK included 11 myopic and 4 hyperopic eyes. By 6 months after PRK treatment, 87% of eyes had UCVA ≥20/40, 53% had ≥20/25, and 40% had ≥20/20. All eyes had BSCVA of ≥20/30, with 73% being ≥20/20. No eye had lost 2 lines of BSCVA and only 1 eye lost 1 line of BSCVA. Sixty percent of eyes were within 1.0 diopters (D) of emmetropia, and 40% were within 0.5 D of emmetropia. A trend towards undercorrection and surgical induction of astigmatism as confirmed by vector analysis was noted. No eye developed significant haze or scarring.

CONCLUSIONS: Photorefractive keratectomy may be a safe procedure to perform in corneas previously treated with LASIK surgery. Results show good reduction of refractive error and improvement of UCVA and BSCVA. A significant undercorrection of astigmatism was attributed to surgically induced astigmatism. Further studies are necessary to determine the long-term safety and stability of outcomes. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:353-358.]
Incidence of Corneal Epithelial Defects With the Standard and Zero-Compression Hansatome Microkeratomes
Authors: Polk Eric E , Wexler Stephen A , Kymes Steven
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of epithelial defects in patients who have had laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery with the standard compression Hansatome microkeratome head in comparison to the modified (zero-compression) Hansatome microkeratome head (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY).

METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of 404 consecutive patients who had LASIK surgery on both eyes between January 2002 and June 2002. The standard compression microkeratome head was used in 216 (53%) cases and the zero-compression microkeratome head was used in 188 (47%) cases. Epithelial defects were categorized as loose epithelium, or a break in the epithelium, within the area of the flap. An adverse outcome for a patient was defined as having an epithelial defect in at least one eye. Odds ratios were estimated using logistic regression.

RESULTS: When the standard compression microkeratome head was used, 19 (8.8%) patients had an epithelial defect in at least 1 eye. When the zero-compression microkeratome head was used, 5 (2.7%) patients had an epithelial defect in at least 1 eye. Logistic regression comparing the risk of epithelial defect in either eye with the standard compression head versus the zero-compression head resulted in an age-adjusted odds ratio of 0.2 (95% confidence interval, 0.07 to 0.58, P<.05).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence that LASIK surgery with a zero-compression head reduces the risk of epithelial defect compared to the standard compression head of the Hansatome microkeratome. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:359-364.]
Keratometry for Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Using Orbscan II in Eyes With Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Cheng Arthur C K , Lam Dennis S C
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the results of corneal keratometry after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) obtained by the Gaussian optics formula and the clinical history method.

METHODS: Sixty-one consecutive patients (121 eyes) who had undergone LASIK were recruited in this retrospective case-controlled study. The K-value obtained from the Gaussian optics formula (CalK) based on postoperative corneal topography by Orbscan II (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY) and ultrasound pachymetry was compared with that obtained from the clinical history method (estK). Keratometry measured by these two methods was compared using the paired sample t test and Pearson correlation coefficient.

RESULTS: A high correlation was noted between K-value obtained by the clinical history method and the Gaussian optics formula (R = 0.97, P<.001). The mean difference between the two methods is 0.13 diopters (P=.06).

CONCLUSIONS: K reading derived from the Gaussian optics formula correlated closely to that obtained from the clinical history method and would be especially useful in patients with no preoperative LASIK treatment data. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:365-368.]
Corneal Flap Measurements in Laser in situ Keratomileusis Using the Moria M2 Automated Microkeratome
Authors: Pietilä Juhani , Mäkinen Petri , Suominen Sakari , Huhtala Anne , Uusitalo Hannu
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate accuracy and predictability and factors that influence the dimensions of the laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) corneal flap created with the Moria M2 automated microkeratome (Moria SA, Antony, France).

METHODS: The flap thickness of 454 eyes of 243 consecutive patients was measured using subtraction ultrasonic pachymetry during LASIK with the Moria M2 microkeratome head 130 designed to create a 160-µm-thick flap. Flap dimensions were evaluated and measurements were correlated with preoperative parameters. A stepwise regression analysis was used to determine the factors that influenced actual flap thickness.

RESULTS: The preoperative spherical equivalent refraction of the 454 eyes ranged from -12.125 diopters (D) to +6.25 D. Patient age ranged from 18 to 57 years (mean age: 31.3 ±8.8 years). Mean preoperative keratometric power K
1
was 44.31 ±1.59 D and K
2
was 43.32 ±1.54 D. Mean preoperative central corneal thickness was 552.4 ±32.5 µm (range: 466 to 665 µm). With an attempted thickness of 160 µm, the Moria M2 flap thickness ranged from 77 to 209 µm (mean: 153.3 ± 19.0 µm). Mean horizontal flap diameter was 9.2±0.2 mm and mean hinge length 4.6±0.3 mm. Increasing flap thickness was found to correlate with increasing preoperative corneal thickness, younger patient age, and flatter preoperative keratometric power K
1
.

CONCLUSIONS: Although the standard deviation of the flap thickness was relatively small, remarkable individual variation was noted. Therefore, the intraoperative calculation of the remaining stromal bed is recommended. Furthermore, the consideration of central corneal thickness, patient age, and preoperative keratometry are helpful parameters to avoid too deep ablation. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:377-385.]
Development of Mobile Self-Monitoring Tool Prototype Based on User-Centered Design
Authors: Santoso Harry Budi , Hakim Muhammad Luqman , Nursalamah Rahma Khairunisa , Putra Panca O. Hadi
Published: December 2019

This study aims to develop a mobile application prototype for self-monitoring. Exercising self-regulated learning is considered as one of the ways that can help students achieve their learning goals. One of the key components of self-regulated learning is self-monitoring, in which students could monitor their learning process. To make students get used to monitoring skill, a web-based application called self-monitoring tool was developed. User research was carried out by evaluating the existing web-based application via an interview. Findings from the interview were analyzed and used as requirements to develop the mobile application. By taking into account usability components and design principles, an interactive prototype of a mobile self-monitoring tool was designed for both student and instructor roles.
Attitude and Behavioral Intention to Develop and Use MOOCs among Academics
Authors: Ab Jalil Habibah , Ma'rof Aini Marina , Omar Rosmaria
Published: December 2019

Several practice-oriented courses are currently integrated into online learning plat-forms, providing a new wave of instructional approaches among academics. These include the use of Open CourseWare and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). It is worthwhile to explore how learners respond to new teaching methods when practice-oriented courses are placed online. The primary purpose of this study is to determine levels of attitude and behavioural intention to develop and use MOOCs and the possible relationships between those variables. Partici-pants consisted of 238 academics in a Malaysian public university. Descriptive and Pearson Correlation analyses were employed to determine relationships. Re-sults show that: (a) respondents are receptive towards MOOCs as an alternative platform to deliver teaching content; (b) they are mostly ready to develop MOOCs; (c) they are generally prepared to use MOOCs in teaching and learning and (d) there are significant relationships between academic staffs’ attitude and behavioural intention to develop and use MOOCs. The findings of this study are pertinent in understanding MOOCs from the perspective of academics so that proper support can be provided accordingly.
Typologie du mobilier métallique fondée sur les techniques de mise en forme
Authors: Garenne-Marot Laurence
Published: December 2019

Les typologies d’objets archéologiques métalliques sont rares. Les classifications se cantonnent souvent à l’étude d’une seule catégorie d’objets dont la forme évolue de façon marquée dans le temps et dans l’espace et, de ce fait, devient adéquate pour l’élaboration de sériations. Les tombes des cimetières de la dépression de l’Upemba, en République démocratique du Congo, ont livré une profusion et une diversité de matériel en cuivre et en fer – inégalées jusqu’à présent pour l’Afrique centrale et australe – qui offrent des potentialités d’analyses inédites. Ce sont en grande partie des bijoux, donc des objets plus sensibles aux effets de mode, issus de contextes clos – aux côtés d’armes et d’instruments. Ce travail décrit de manière exhaustive le mobilier métallique d’une de ces tombes, datée de la période du Kisalien classique (fin ixe-début xiie siècle apr. J.-C.), en recherchant les critères pertinents pour l’élaboration d’une classification globale. L’importance d’associer à une typologie classique, formelle, une typologie fondée sur les techniques de mise en forme apparaît de manière éclatante. Une nouvelle typologie est proposée en exposant la manière dont elle a été élaborée, et comment elle fonctionne et pourra fonctionner pour le matériel plus fragmentaire issu d’autres contextes d’Afrique centrale et australe.
De la fiche US à la tablette numérique
Authors: Terrier Aurélie , Comes-Trinidad Émilie , Chaléat Franck
Published: December 2019

Dans le cadre de sa thèse de doctorat en archéologie portant sur le site d’Akerentia en Calabre, commencée en 2013 à l’université de Genève, Aurélie Terrier a choisi d’utiliser le programme iDig© lors des fouilles de l’un des bâtiments principaux. Ce dernier, développé par Bruce Hartzler pour l’école américaine d’Athènes est construit sur un modèle de base de données. Uniquement supporté par les iPad, iDig© a été utilisé par le reste de l’équipe d’Akerentia depuis la campagne 2016. Le bilan méthodologique dressé à l’issue des fouilles met en évidence l’apport novateur du logiciel autant qu’il pointe les limites financières et technologiques de ce système. Dans le cadre de la reprise de la fouille et du bâti par l’équipe dès 2019, une double réflexion méthodologique et épistémologique a été engagée visant à reconsidérer les données nécessaires et les protocoles d’enregistrement de celles-ci sur le terrain et dans le cadre de la post-fouille.
Une petite histoire des données archéologiques en Étrurie
Authors: Baylé Anne-Lise
Published: December 2019

Si mes problématiques d’analyse tournent autour de la compréhension de la société étrusque à travers la topographie et le paysage funéraire des nécropoles, un premier problème apparaît dès la collecte des données. En terme quantitatif, les données sont très nombreuses (entre 6 000 et 10 000 tombes au minimum pour chaque cité) néanmoins d’un point de vue qualitatif, les données sont variées, hétérogènes, dispersées, inégales, biaisées. Il convient donc d’explorer dans un premier temps l’histoire de la recherche, pour mettre en regard les données et la diversité des opérations menées. À partir de là, nous pourrons réfléchir à une méthodologie pour traiter et analyser ces données malgré les biais. Tout d’abord, pour comprendre la nature des données, il est important de faire un état de l’art. Nous constatons ainsi une variété d’objectifs et de types de recherches qui marque les données. À cela s’ajoute la multitude de filtres habituels en archéologie : conservation (pillage, érosion), non-exhaustivité de la recherche, édition… qui du terrain à la publication amène à une déperdition de l’information. Heureusement, la multitude des entités permet d’espérer pouvoir au moins dessiner les tendances lourdes du corpus. Comment constituer et décrire ce corpus malgré les biais, la masse et la variabilité des entités ? Nous élaborerons une méthodologie en trois temps correspondant aux trois étapes de mon traitement de données : le choix d’un corpus représentatif, la description du corpus, et les méthodes d’analyse. Pour gérer la masse d’informations, nous procéderons à un échantillonnage des données pour que le corpus soit le plus représentatif possible des divers espaces, temps et natures de sépultures. Nous choisirons aussi les données de meilleures qualités. Concernant les biais, une réflexion sur les facteurs descriptifs et le langage documentaire sera menée. Une base de données couplée à un SIG semble le meilleur moyen de procéder à la constitution du corpus. Des critères particuliers seront aussi mis en place pour pallier les biais : un critère de fiabilité de l’enregistrement, certains facteurs pourront être décrits à deux niveaux de précision, et les « métadonnées » relatives aux contextes de découvertes et d’études compléteront cet ensemble. Différentes typologies seront également construites pour pouvoir analyser la donnée archéologique.
Normalisation de l’enregistrement des sépultures mérovingiennes alsaciennes
Authors: Fischbach Thomas
Published: December 2019

Un projet collectif de recherche intitulé « Espaces et pratiques funéraires en Alsace aux époques mérovingiennes et carolingiennes (ve-xe siècles) » a été entamé en 2014. Réunissant les trois opérateurs d’archéologie préventive en Alsace que sont l’INRAP, Archéologie Alsace et Antea Archéologie, sa direction est également assurée par un représentant de chacun de ces opérateurs. Le partage et la mise en commun des données sont donc les piliers de ce projet de recherche. Dès le début de ce projet, de nombreux thèmes de recherche ont été définis puis portées par les différents participants. Certains d’entre eux s’intéressent aux ensembles funéraires dans leur globalité, en abordant par exemple la question de leur gestion ou de leur environnement, alors que d’autres thématiques abordent certains aspects bien précis des pratiques funéraires du haut Moyen Âge. C’est notamment le cas en ce qui concerne les données biologiques des populations ou bien certains types d’objets découverts dans les sépultures. D’autres enfin nécessitent une synthèse et un regroupement de ces différents aspects. Afin de pouvoir amorcer ces travaux de synthèse, il était indispensable que les données concernant les sites et les sépultures du corpus soient toutes décrites et enregistrées uniformément. Il fallait tout d’abord déterminer des critères et un vocabulaire descriptif commun, puis de collecter les données selon cette nomenclature. Ce travail concernait les ensembles funéraires mais aussi les sépultures en elle-même. Pour les ensembles funéraires, des fiches et de notices de sites ont été créées selon un modèle préétabli. Ces fiches et notices regroupent les informations, les descriptions et les points d’intérêts propres à chaque ensemble funéraire de façon synthétique. En ce qui concerne les sépultures, plusieurs points ont été abordés. Tout d’abord, les squelettes nécessitant un réexamen ostéologique ont été réétudiés afin de déterminer leur sexe et leur âge selon les mêmes méthodes d’un site à l’autre. L’architecture funéraire à quant-à-elle fait l’objet d’une réunion de travail afin de s’accorder sur sa description et sa terminologie. Le but était ici de déterminer précisément les critères descriptifs de l’ensemble des éléments touchant à l’architecture funéraire et leur méthode d’enregistrement. Enfin, un travail analogue a été réalisé pour le mobilier funéraire. L’enjeu pour ce dernier était de trouver le juste milieu entre la donnée objective et la précision typologique trop précise pour être pertinente. La finalité de ce travail est la mutualisation de l’ensemble de ces informations au sein d’une base de données commune ainsi que la mise en ligne de cette base sur un site internet dédié. Ainsi, les données concernant les ensembles funéraires alsaciens seront accessibles, en totalité ou en partie, aux chercheurs travaillant sur ces thématiques.
Nitrogen source and pH interact and modulate lipase secretion in a non-clinical strain of Candida parapsilosis
Authors: Ribas Rodolfo Krüger da Câmara , Carboni Diórgenes dos Santos , Cazarolli Juciana Clarice , Flôres Simone Hickmann , Ramirez-Castrillon Maurício , Valente Patricia
Published: December 2019

Lipases (E.C. 3.1.1.3) are serine-hydrolases, and act on long chain fatty acid ester bonds. They exhibit specific and enantioselective activities, which are desirable for many industrial applications. This study aimed at screening and optimizing the production of lipases by wild yeast strains from a variety of substrates, as well as characterizing the enzyme. An initial selection was made in oxygenated oil-supplemented minimum medium, and the enzymatic activity of the supernatant was tested over p- nitrophenyl palmitate. One-hundred and twenty-four yeast strains from different substrates were tested, and twenty-three showed significantly higher lipolytic activity (p <0.01). One yeast in particular, QU110, showed best lipase production and therefore was selected for the optimization and characterization processes. This yeast exhibits enzyme secretion in initial pH 6.0, with olive oil and tryptone as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. There was a strong interaction between nitrogen source and initial pH, and pH 9.0 seems to inhibit enzyme secretion. The crude enzyme (cell-free supernatant) shows stability in surfactants and n-hexane, but not in ethanol or methanol. A Response Surface Model was created and optimal enzyme activity conditions were observed at 36°C and pH 8.0. The lipase is appropriate for transesterification reactions, as the enzyme is more stable in strong apolar solvents than moderately apolar ones. Also, secretion by pH was not reported elsewhere, which should be further investigated and contribute for other yeast bioprocesses as well.
In vitro propagation of lemon verbena: a plant native of South America
Authors: Pinheiro Marcos Vinícius Marques , Fontana Daniele Cristina , Santos Jullie dos , Pretto Matheus Milani , Azevedo Gabrieli Cristina Vitalli de , Schmidt Denise
Published: December 2019

In vitro propagation increases the supply and commercialisation of products of interest. For this, optimising the growing conditions and the composition of the culture medium is crucial to benefit the full development of the plants. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the in vitro propagation of Aloysia triphylla on different culture media, with varying agar and sucrose concentrations. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomised design, 3×3×3 factorial scheme, with three culture media (MS, JADS and WPM), three sucrose concentrations (8, 10 and 12 g L-1) and three agar concentrations (15, 30 and 45 g L-1), with three replicates each and experimental units composed of one plant per replicate. After 25 days of cultivation, the fresh and dry mass of the plants, numbers of leaves, numbers of nodes, plant lengths, numbers of oxidised leaves, hyperhydricity and acclimatization percentages were evaluated. The WPM medium resulted in a reduced fresh mass, reflecting in the low hyperhydricity observed in the explants, and favoured the acclimatization of the plants. Thus, the WPM medium with sucrose (15 g L-1) and agar (12 g L-1) is recommended as the medium most suitable for the in vitro regeneration of Aloysia triphylla.
Antibacterial effects of Thymus algeriensis extracts on some pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Messaoudi Mohammed , Benreguieg Mokhtar , Merah Maroua , Messaoudi Zakarya Ayoub
Published: December 2019

Despite the presence of many antibiotics, bacterial resistance is growing steadily and some of these antibiotics have become ineffective, which poses a major challenge to the health sector. In this context, this work has demonstrated, in vitro, the inhibitory action of the bacterial growth resulting from methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut., a medicinal plant species harvested from the Algerian South-west area, as well as the determination of the phenolic content of those crude extracts. The methanolic extract of Thymus algeriensis showed a significant antibacterial effect with 16.5 and 19 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae was not inhibited by both tested extracts. Besides, ethanol extract has not prevented the growth of the Enterobacter cloacae. This biological activity can be explained by the appreciable rates noted for both of the plant extracts in terms of total phenolic levels, which ranged between 79.45 and 67.13 mg GAE g-1 dry weight.
A influência da rede de relacionamentos sociais na formação, evolução e atuação da Artisans Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Edi Carlos de , Reinert Mauricio , Verdu Fabiane Cortez
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a influência da rede de relacionamentos sociais na formação, evolução e atuação da Artisans Brasil. As redes de relacionamentos sociais são vitais para o estabelecimento de parcerias entre atores. Pesquisa qualitativo-descritiva com corte transversal e perspectiva longitudinal que coletou dados por meio de treze entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foram utilizados os softwares Ucinet e Atlas.ti para construir o sociograma da rede de relacionamentos e fazer a codificação das entrevistas, que contribuíram para a análise de conteúdo. Contribuições: (a) como as redes influenciaram na atuação da Artisans Brasil; (b) como as habilidades sociais do ator principal na rede de relacionamentos foram fundamentais para os resultados alcançados; e (c) como os achados contribuem para as discussões sobre as mudanças nas redes sociais e organizacionais. A formação e evolução da rede de relacionamentos sociais impulsionou a atuação nacional e internacional desta Cooperativa, garantindo maior visibilidade e competitividade nestes mercados.
Evolução das relações comerciais dos estados do sul do Brasil com os países membros do Mercosul, no período de 2010 a 2015
Authors: Bastos Luciana Aparecida , Paulino Talita da Silva , Silva Rodrigo Monteiro da , Lopes Janete Leige , Crepaldi Jesus
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em analisar a evolução das relações comerciais do Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina com os países membros do Mercosul: Argentina, Paraguai, Uruguai e Venezuela, no período de 2010 a 2015. Busca-se assim compreender como se comportou a balança comercial de cada estado do Sul do Brasil em relação ao bloco. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados para alcance do objetivo do trabalho foram a revisão bibliográfica e a estatística descritiva. Os resultados alcançados indicam que o comércio com o Mercosul foi mais vantajoso para o estado do Paraná, e o Rio Grande do Sul foi o Estado da região Sul do Brasil que apresentou as piores relações comerciais com o Mercosul.