bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trust and corporate debt maturity mismatch: Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Xiao Chi , Hao Wei , Fang Jiali , Wu Ji (George) , Zou Liping
Published: December 2023

This study explores the relationship between social trust and firm debt maturity mismatch in the Chinese context. Additionally, we investigate the economic mechanisms through which social trust affects debt maturity mismatch, and the differential roles played by social trust among firms with different characteristics. We employ enterprise trustworthiness scores and provincial blood donation rates as our measures of regional social trust level and find a negative relationship between local trust and firm debt maturity mismatch, suggesting that social trust which promotes ethical norms acts as a restraint on firms' propensity for excessive risk. An alternative but consistent explanation is higher social trust increases debtors' willingness to lend, hence it reduces firms' funding costs and consequently the potential cost‐saving motivation behind such a mismatch. We further document evidence that social trust improves the firm information environment and consequently risk‐taking and/or the ability to reduce funding costs. The study also reveals variations in the role of social trust based on firm characteristics, such as leverage and profitability, and the ownership structure (state‐owned enterprises vs. non‐state‐owned enterprises). The findings contribute to the literature by highlighting the increasing importance of social capital for policy and governance.
Comparative analysis of self‐cure and dual cure‐dental composites on their physico‐mechanical behaviour
Authors: Thadathil Varghese J , Raju R , Farrar P , Prentice L , Prusty BG
Published: December 2023

Background

Clinical practitioners may have become familiar with the rapid transformation of dental composites. However, they may not scientifically understand the factors influencing the mechanical and physical properties. Scientific knowledge of filler‐resin interaction can significantly improve clinical understanding of resin composites. Several independent studies have examined the mechanical and physico‐mechanical properties of dental resin composites; however, no comprehensive study has examined the influence of fillers and resin materials on the physico‐mechanical properties of both self‐cure and dual‐cure composites.

Methods

This study performed investigations on the physico‐mechanical behaviour of four commercially available dual‐cure dental composites (Bioactive, Fill Up!, Surefil One, Cention N) and two commercially available self‐cure dental composites (Stela Capsule and Stela Automix). Test specimens for flexural and compressive strength, microhardness, fracture toughness, and hydrolytic behaviour were prepared and tested as per respective standards. The data sets were statistically analysed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's post‐hoc comparison.

Results

There was a substantial variation in flexural strength and modulus values in this study, ranging from 32.0 to 113.4 MPa and 2.36 to 12.07 GPa, respectively. Similarly, there were significant differences in compressive strength between the materials in this study, ranging from 119.3 to 223.5 MPa. The highest fracture toughness value was found to be 1.41 MPa.m0.5, while the lowest value was 0.43 MPa.m0.5. Variations in surface microhardness were significant (24.11–68.0 N/mm2), which correlated with the filler content. Water sorption and solubility demonstrated high variations among materials, with Surefil One exceeding ISO 4049 thresholds significantly.

Conclusions

A linear correlation can be established between surface microhardness (HV) and flexural and compressive moduli, as well as filler content (wt.%). However, both flexural and compressive strengths are impacted by the resin's constituent monomers and the resin‐filler matrix's cross‐linking capability. Additionally, factors such as filler size, shape, and the cross‐linking ability of the resin‐filler matrix play a crucial role in fracture toughness and the propagation of cracks within the restoration. Also, resin monomers and filler particle size affect the hydrolytic degradation characteristics of composites, which can also affect their mechanical properties. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
Single and longitudinal genome‐wide association studies for dairy traits available in goats with three recorded lactations
Authors: Luigi‐Sierra Maria Gracia , Martínez Amparo , Macri Martina , Delgado Juan Vicente , Castelló Anna , Alvarez Javier Fernández , Such Xavier , Jordana Jordi , Amills Marcel
Published: December 2023

Milk yield and composition phenotypes are systematically recorded across several lactations in goats, but the majority of genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) performed so far have rather ignored the longitudinal nature of such data. Here, we have used two different GWAS approaches to analyse data from three lactations recorded in Murciano‐Granadina goats. In Analysis 1, independent GWAS have been carried out for each trait and lactation, while a single longitudinal GWAS, jointly considering all data, has been performed in Analysis 2. In both analyses, genome‐wide significant QTL for lactose percentage on chromosome 2 (129.77–131.01 Mb) and for milk protein percentage on the chromosome 6 (74.8–94.6 Mb) casein gene cluster region were detected. In Analysis 1, several QTL were not replicated in all three lactations, possibly due to the existence of lactation‐specific genetic determinants. In Analysis 2, we identified several genome‐wide significant QTL related to milk yield and protein content that were not uncovered in Analysis 1. The increased number of QTL identified in Analysis 2 suggests that the longitudinal GWAS is particularly well suited for the genetic analysis of dairy traits. Moreover, our data confirm that variability within or close to the casein complex is the main genetic determinant of milk protein percentage in Murciano‐Granadina goats.
Cryopreservation of highly extended pig spermatozoa remodels its proteome and counteracts polyspermic fertilization in vitro
Authors: Parrilla Inmaculada , Cambra Josep M. , Cuello Cristina , Rodriguez‐Martinez Heriberto , Gil Maria A. , Martinez Emilio A.
Published: December 2023

Background

Currently, high polyspermy remains a significant obstacle to achieving optimal efficiency in in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro embryo production (IVP) systems in pigs. Developing strategies that would prevent polyspermy is essential in overcoming this challenge and maximizing the potential of this reproductive biotechnology. Previous results have demonstrated that using boar spermatozoa subjected to a high‐extension and reconcentration procedure and then cryopreserved resulted in significant improvements in IVF/IVP systems with high rates of monospermy and penetration.

Objective

The aim of the present study was to unveil the molecular mechanisms that may underlie the changes in fertilization patterns exhibited by highly extended and cryopreserved boar spermatozoa.

Materials and methods

To achieve this goal, we used quantitative proteomic analysis (LC‒ESI‒MS/MS SWATH) to identify differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) between highly extended (HE) and conventionally (control; CT) cryopreserved boar spermatozoa. Prior to the analysis, we evaluated the in vitro post‐thawing fertilizing ability of the sperm samples. The results demonstrated a remarkable improvement in monospermy and IVF efficiency when using HE spermatozoa in IVF compared with CT spermatozoa.

Results

At the proteomic level, the combination of high‐extension and cryopreservation had a significant impact on the frozen–thawed sperm proteome. A total of 45 proteins (24 downregulated and 21 upregulated) were identified as DAPs (FC > 1 or ≤1; p < 0.05) when compared with CT spermatozoa. Some of these proteins were primarily linked to metabolic processes and the structural composition of sperm cells. The dysregulation of these proteins may have a direct or indirect effect on essential sperm functions and significantly affect spermatozoa–oocyte interaction and, therefore, the sperm fertilization profile under in vitro conditions. While these findings are promising, further research is necessary to comprehend how the disturbance of specific proteins affects sperm fertilization ability.
Propensity score analysis demonstrates no long term survival benefit from contemporary endovascular aneurysm repair compared to open in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Gormley Sinead , Bernau Oliver , Xu William , Khashram Manar
Published: December 2023

Background

Current guidelines for AAA management are based on landmark trials comparing EVAR and open aneurysm repair (OAR) conducted more than 20 years ago. Important advancements have been made in peri‐operative care but the impact of EVAR and OAR on long‐term patient survival has not been well reported using contemporary data. The objective of this study was to compare the short and long‐term outcomes of OAR and EVAR in the recent era.

Methods

This retrospective observational study included all patients undergoing intact AAA repair in NZ from 1st of January 2011 until 31st of December 2019. Data was collected from national administrative and clinical vascular databases and matched using unique identifiers. Time‐to‐event survival analyses was conducted using cox proportional hazard models to adjust for confounders and propensity score matching were used.

Results

Two thousand two hundred and ninety‐seven patients had an intact AAA repair with a median (IQR) age of 75 (69–80) years; 494 (21.2%) patients were females and 1206 (53%) underwent EVAR. The 30‐day mortality for OAR and EVAR was 4.8% and 1.2%. The median (IQR) follow up was 5.2 (2.3–9.2) years. After propensity matching for co‐variates, the study cohort consisted of 835 patients in each matched group. Patients undergoing EVAR had a higher overall mortality (HR 1.48 (95% CI: 1.26–1.74) after adjusting for confounders compared to OAR.

Conclusion

Analysis of survival following EVAR and OAR in the current era demonstrates that patients that underwent EVAR had a lower 30‐day mortality. However, in the long‐term after adjusting for confounders OAR had a better overall survival.
Diagnostic performance of wide‐field optical coherence tomography angiography in detecting open‐angle glaucoma in high myopia
Authors: Zhang Yinhang , Wang Deming , Lin Fengbin , Song Yunhe , Chen Yu , Peng Yuying , Chen Meiling , Liu Yuhong , Jiang Jiaxuan , Yang Zefeng , Li Fei , Zhang Xiulan
Published: December 2023

Purpose

To compare the diagnostic performance of the capillary density (CD) of the central 1–6 mm and peripheral 6–12 mm annular regions in detecting open‐angle glaucoma in high myopia (HM) using 15 × 12 mm wide‐field swept‐source optical coherence tomography angiography (WF SS‐OCTA).

Methods

The study enrolled 206 and 103 eyes with HM and highly myopic open‐angle glaucoma (HM‐OAG), respectively. WF SS‐OCTA images centred on the fovea were obtained to analyse the changes in the CD in the 1–3 mm, 3–6 mm, 6–9 mm, and 9–12 mm annular regions. CD of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) was measured with the built‐in software. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of each region was compared.

Results

The diagnostic performance of the SCP CD in the central 1–6 mm annular region (AUROC = 0.849) was better than that in the peripheral 6–12 mm annular region (AUROC = 0.756, p = 0.001). The annular AUROCs of SCP CD peaked in the 3–6 mm annular region (AUROC = 0.858) and gradually decreased with increasing diameter and were lower than the corresponding AUROCs of the ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thickness (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). SCP CD of the inferior quadrant in the 3–6 mm annular region had the best diagnostic performance (AUROC = 0.859).

Conclusion

The SCP CD in the central 1–6 mm annular region exhibited better diagnostic performance for the detection of HM‐OAG in HM. The assessment of more peripheral regions has no added value in detecting glaucoma in HM.
Using machine learning to predict UK and Japanese secondary students' life satisfaction in PISA 2018
Authors: Pan Zexuan , Cutumisu Maria
Published: December 2023

Background

Life satisfaction is a key component of students' subjective well‐being due to its impact on academic achievement and lifelong health. Although previous studies have investigated life satisfaction through different lenses, few of them employed machine learning (ML) approaches.

Objective

Using ML algorithms, the current study predicts secondary students' life satisfaction from individual‐level variables.

Method

Two supervised ML models, random forest (RF) and k‐nearest neighbours (KNN), were developed based on the UK data and the Japan data in PISA 2018.

Results

Findings show that (1) both models yielded better performance on the UK data than on the Japanese data; (2) the RF model outperformed the KNN model in predicting students' life satisfaction; (3) meaning in life, student competition, teacher support, exposure to bullying and ICT resources at home and at school played important roles in predicting students' life satisfaction.

Conclusions

Theoretically, this study highlights the multi‐dimensional nature of life satisfaction and identifies several key predictors. Methodologically, this study is the first to use ML to explore the predictors of life satisfaction. Practically, it serves as a reference for improving secondary students' life satisfaction.
Efficacy of a novel three‐step decontamination protocol for titanium‐based dental implants: An in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Costa Raphael Cavalcante , Takeda Thais Terumi Sadamitsu , Dini Caroline , Bertolini Martinna , Ferreira Raquel Carla , Pereira Gabriele , Sacramento Catharina Marques , Ruiz Karina Gonzales S. , Feres Magda , Shibli Jamil A. , Barāo Valentim A. R. , Souza Joāo Gabriel S.
Published: December 2023

Aim

The aim of the study was to evaluate several mechanical and chemical decontamination methods associated with a newly introduced biofilm matrix disruption strategy for biofilm cleaning and preservation of implant surface features.

Materials and Methods

Titanium (Ti) discs were obtained by additive manufacturing. Polymicrobial biofilm‐covered Ti disc surfaces were decontaminated with mechanical [Ti curette, Teflon curette, Ti brush, water–air jet device, and Er:YAG laser] or chemical [iodopovidone (PVPI) 0.2% to disrupt the extracellular matrix, along with amoxicillin; minocycline; tetracycline; H2O2 3%; chlorhexidine 0.2%; NaOCl 0.95%; hydrocarbon‐oxo‐borate‐based antiseptic] protocols. The optimal in vitro mechanical/chemical protocol was then tested in combination using an in vivo biofilm model with intra‐oral devices.

Results

Er:YAG laser treatment displayed optimum surface cleaning by biofilm removal with minimal deleterious damage to the surface, smaller Ti release, good corrosion stability, and improved fibroblast readhesion. NaOCl 0.95% was the most promising agent to reduce in vitro and in vivo biofilms and was even more effective when associated with PVPI 0.2% as a pre‐treatment to disrupt the biofilm matrix. The combination of Er:YAG laser followed by PVPI 0.2% plus NaOCl 0.95% promoted efficient decontamination of rough Ti surfaces by disrupting the biofilm matrix and killing remnants of in vivo biofilms formed in the mouth (the only protocol to lead to ~99% biofilm eradication).

Conclusion

Er:YAG laser + PVPI 0.2% + NaOCl 0.95% can be a reliable decontamination protocol for Ti surfaces, eliminating microbial biofilms without damaging the implant surface.
Differences in Social Expectations About Robot Signals and Human Signals
Authors: Parenti Lorenzo , Belkaid Marwen , Wykowska Agnieszka
Published: December 2023

In our daily lives, we are continually involved in decision‐making situations, many of which take place in the context of social interaction. Despite the ubiquity of such situations, there remains a gap in our understanding of how decision‐making unfolds in social contexts, and how communicative signals, such as social cues and feedback, impact the choices we make. Interestingly, there is a new social context to which humans are recently increasingly more frequently exposed—social interaction with not only other humans but also artificial agents, such as robots or avatars. Given these new technological developments, it is of great interest to address the question of whether—and in what way—social signals exhibited by non‐human agents influence decision‐making. The present study aimed to examine whether robot non‐verbal communicative behavior has an effect on human decision‐making. To this end, we implemented a two‐alternative‐choice task where participants were to guess which of two presented cups was covering a ball. This game was an adaptation of a “Shell Game.” A robot avatar acted as a game partner producing social cues and feedback. We manipulated robot's cues (pointing toward one of the cups) before the participant's decision and the robot's feedback (“thumb up” or no feedback) after the decision. We found that participants were slower (compared to other conditions) when cues were mostly invalid and the robot reacted positively to wins. We argue that this was due to the incongruence of the signals (cue vs. feedback), and thus violation of expectations. In sum, our findings show that incongruence in pre‐ and post‐decision social signals from a robot significantly influences task performance, highlighting the importance of understanding expectations toward social robots for effective human–robot interactions.
Frequency and features of malignant tumors clinically mimicking cutaneous cysts: A retrospective chart review
Authors: McCrary Myles R. , Foulis Philip , Gibbs Julie
Published: December 2023

Background

Many cutaneous lesions are clinically suspected as “cyst”; however, following histopathological examination, are found to be more significant lesions. Here, we examine the frequency and features of malignancies with cutaneous cysts in the clinical differential.

Methods

A retrospective study of surgical pathology specimens at the James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022 was conducted. Cutaneous specimens containing the clinical diagnosis of “cyst” were included. The clinicopathological features were summarized.

Results

Premalignant or malignant neoplasms accounted for 4.5% of all specimens submitted with cysts in the clinical differential. Most cyst‐mimicking cancers were basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); however, cancers with poorer prognoses, such as Merkel cell carcinoma and melanoma, also clinically masqueraded as cysts. The BCCs were predominately nodular, and the SCCs were largely well‐differentiated and invasive. Many exhibited clinical signs and symptoms compatible with benign cysts, such as central punctum, pain, and rapid growth. Identified risk factors included history of prior non‐melanoma skin cancer diagnosis, previous excision, and immunosuppression.

Conclusions

Many lesions clinically concerning cutaneous cysts were found to be malignancies following histopathological review. Accordingly, following biopsy all cyst‐like lesions should be examined microscopically, especially in certain clinical contexts in which the incidence of skin cancer is increased.
Peripheral immunity changes are associated with neurodegeneration and worse clinical outcome in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Bissacco Jacopo , Simonetta Clara , Mascioli Davide , Zenuni Henri , Bovenzi Roberta , Grillo Piergiorgio , Di Giuliano Francesca , Stefani Alessandro , Mercuri Nicola Biagio , Schirinzi Tommaso
Published: December 2023

Background and purpose

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) pathogenesis is multifactorial. Systemic inflammation might have a role in gathering clinical–pathological trajectories. We aimed to shape the peripheral immune profile of iNPH and establish correlations with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers, ventricular enlargement, and clinical outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a single‐center retrospective–longitudinal study, including 38 iNPH patients and 38 controls. Baseline iNPH Grading Scale and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were collected with peripheral blood cell count, CSF amyloid‐β42 (Aβ42), total tau (t‐tau), phosphorylated‐181‐tau, and Evans index. Depending on 5‐year outcome, iNPH patients were grouped into “poor outcome” (PO; mRS ≥ 5) and “favorable outcome” (FO; mRS < 5). Biomarkers were compared and correlated with each other. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed.

Results

iNPH patients compared to controls had higher neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR; 2.43 ± 1.04 vs. 1.61 ± 0.47, p < 0.001), higher neutrophils (4.22 ± 0.86 1000/mL vs. 3.48 ± 1.34, p = 0.033), and lower lymphocytes (1.45 ± 0.55 1000/mL vs. 2.07 ± 0.86, p = 0.038), with the expected CSF biomarkers signature. In the patients' cohort, NLR was associated directly with t‐tau and inversely with Aβ42. NLR directly correlated with Evans index. PO patients compared to those with FO had higher NLR (3.25 ± 1.40 vs. 2.01 ± 0.77, p = 0.035) and higher t‐tau (274.76 ± 114.39 pg/mL vs. 150.28 ± 72.62, p = 0.017), with an area under the curve of 0.786 and 0.793, respectively.

Conclusions

iNPH patients present a proinflammatory state associated with neurodegeneration and predicting poor clinical outcome. Systemic inflammation represents a factor in the clinical–pathological progression of iNPH, and the NLR emerges as a potential prognostic index.
Global synthesis of effects and feedbacks from artificial reefs on socioecological systems in recreational fisheries
Authors: Chong Lisa , Siders Zachary A. , Lorenzen Kai , Ahrens Robert N. M. , Camp Edward V.
Published: December 2023

Artificial reefs have been widely deployed with the intention of increasing fish habitat, enhancing recreational fishery opportunities and providing socio‐economic benefits to surrounding communities. Substantial work has been done to understand the ecology of artificial reefs but the efficacy of artificial reefs as a management tool hinges on socioecological feedbacks that are not well understood. Socioecological feedbacks are difficult to discern because they depend on multiple and complex interactions between fish, fishers, managers and habitats. To better understand the net effects of artificial reefs on recreational fisheries, we conducted a literature review to catalogue effects and feedbacks of artificial reefs. Our global synthesis revealed that artificial reefs may result in a net negative effect on fish populations, at least in the short‐term, as catch‐driven effects bolstering socio‐economic objectives occur more often or at greater intensities than positive biological effects. We have highlighted important effects of artificial reefs and feedbacks that need to be accounted for when considering their deployment in fishery management. There may be unintended consequences if biological benefits from habitat‐to‐fish and fish‐to‐fish feedbacks are outweighed by population losses due to greater socio‐economic benefits from fish‐to‐fisher feedbacks. Taken in concert with their semi‐permanent nature and apparent popularity with stakeholders, a view emerges of artificial reefs possibly functioning as a ‘social‐ecological trap’. This work emphasizes the need for robust assessments of the effects of artificial reefs, as well as more formal decision science approaches for implementing of these structures.
The flavodiiron protein from Syntrophomonas wolfei has five domains and acts both as an NADH:O2 or an NADH:H2O2 oxidoreductase
Authors: Martins Maria C. , Alves Catarina M. , Teixeira Miguel , Folgosa Filipe
Published: December 2023

Flavodiiron proteins (FDPs) are a family of enzymes with a significant role in O2/H2O2 and/or NO detoxification through the reduction of these species to H2O or N2O, respectively. All FDPs contain a minimal catalytic unit of two identical subunits, each one having a metallo‐β‐lactamase‐like domain harboring the catalytic diiron site, and a flavodoxin‐like domain. However, more complex and diverse arrangements in terms of domains are found in this family, of which the class H enzymes are among the most complex. One of such FDPs is encoded in the genome of the anaerobic bacterium Syntrophomonas wolfei subsp. wolfei str. Goettingen G311. Besides the core domains, this protein is predicted to have three additional ones after the flavodoxin core domain: two short‐chain rubredoxins and a NAD(P)H:rubredoxin oxidoreductase‐like domain. This enzyme, FDP_H, was produced and characterized and the presence of the predicted cofactors was investigated by a set of biochemical and spectroscopic methodologies. Syntrophomonas wolfei FDP_H exhibited a remarkable O2 reduction activity with a kcat = 52.0 ± 1.2 s−1 and a negligible NO reduction activity (~ 100 times lower than with O2), with NADH as an electron donor, that is, it is an oxygen‐selective FDP. In addition, this enzyme showed the highest turnover value for H2O2 reduction (kcat = 19.1 ± 2.2 s−1) ever observed among FDPs. Kinetic studies of site‐directed mutants of iron‐binding cysteines at the two rubredoxin domains demonstrated the essential role of these centers since their absence leads to a significant decrease or even abolishment of O2 and H2O2 reduction activities.
Heat and humidity exposure in megacities: An applied tool for energy and water harvesting technologies
Authors: Lax J. Y. , Price C. , Saaroni H.
Published: December 2023

Concerns about climate change are driving the development of novel technologies for mitigation and adaptation. Some of them include electricity generating and water harvesting based on atmospheric humidity. The latter is already commercial and can generate 50 L of drinking water per day per capita for dozens of people; however, besides energy, operation requires sufficient levels and durations of humidity and temperature. Our study focuses on the 33 megacities of the world, characterising the humidity and heat stress regimes during the last decade, using data from meteorological stations in their vicinity, and ranking them by their exposure and vulnerability to intense heat stress and their suitability to use these moisture‐reliant technologies. Our findings indicate the dominance of severe heat stress conditions in megacities located in developing countries. Ranking the megacities according to the intensity and duration of the heat stress shows the annual, monthly and hourly courses. The five most affected are the cities of Chennai, Bangkok, Kolkata, Karachi and New Delhi. Seven megacities suffer continuous, at least 12 h, of intense heat stress during 1–4 months. The ranking also considered the level of income of the countries, hence their vulnerability. On an annual basis, approximately half of the megacities are highly suited for moisture‐reliant technologies, among them megacities ranked as the top three in exposure to intense heat stress conditions—Chennai, Bangkok and Kolkata. When focusing on the humid season, 27 out of 33 megacities (82%) obtain suitable conditions for the new technologies and thus can benefit from them, at least part of the year. The implementation of humidity technologies for green energy and clean water could be of great help as our world gets more populated, warmer with higher water demand, especially for populations with insufficient infrastructure and resources.
Evaluation of chromosome diversity of Elymus nutans on the Qinghai‐Tibet plateau by FISH
Authors: Liu Ruijuan , Jiang Liling , Liu Demei , Shen Jicheng , Chen Wenjie
Published: December 2023

Elymus nutans Griseb. is an important herbage for forage and ecological restoration in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP). It is widely distributed in different habitats of the QTP and has been reported to have high genetic diversity in protein, morphology and DNA sequence. The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain some knowledge of E. nutans chromosome genetic diversity. In this study, the TE probe S5 and tandem repeat probe AAG combined with sequential GISH were able to successfully distinguish different subgenomes and chromosomes in 7 E. nutans accessions from major global distribution sites. On this basis, a total of 123 individuals from four representative populations of E. nutans in the QTP were hybridised. The results of the experiment showed that four types of reciprocal translocations between subgenomes were observed in the four wild populations, and the translocation chromosomes, frequency, and heterozygosis were different in each population. The distribution and quantity of S5 and AAG signals also varied within and among the four populations. The results indicated that E. nutans had high genetic diversity at the chromosome level both within and among populations, and it was speculated that non‐homologous recombination was one of the reasons for the high genetic diversity. These results provide important theoretical guidance for the collection, protection, and evaluation of E. nutans.
RETRACTED: Wound incidence and outcomes in atrial fibrillation: Comparing catheter ablation and anti‐arrhythmic drug therapy
Authors: Xinyu Zhou , Sheng Xia
Published: December 2023

The most prevalent form of cardiac arrhythmia is atrial fibrillation (AF), which is typically managed through catheter ablation or anti‐arrhythmic drug therapy. We compared the incidence and outcomes of wound complications in patients with atrial fibrillation who were treated with catheter ablation as opposed to anti‐arrhythmic drug therapy. From May to November 2023, 240 adult AF patients who were treated with catheter ablation or anti‐arrhythmic medications participated in a 6‐month retrospective cohort study at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital in Hangzhou, China. An observation was made regarding 29 wound complications out of 240 patients. In comparison to drug therapy group, incidence of minor (8 vs. 11) and total complications (18 vs. 11) was greater in catheter ablation group. Significant adverse events occurred at higher rate in the catheter ablation group (6 versus 1) (p < 0.05). However, despite these patterns, there was no statistically significant difference in the rates of complications (total: p = 0.245; minor: p = 0.217; major: p = 0.128). Comparable treatment efficacy was observed across groups. In contrast to drug therapy, catheter ablation was associated with decreased probability of complications (odds ratio: 0.86), as determined by logistic regression; cardiac failure was a significant predictor of adverse outcomes. The study concluded that the risks of wound complications associated with catheter ablation and anti‐arrhythmic drug therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation are comparable. Notwithstanding an elevated propensity for complications in ablation group, the statistical analysis indicated comparable safety profiles.
Structural, dielectric, magnetic, optical, and electrical properties of double‐perovskite Sr1.5Mn0.5Fe0.5Hf1.5O6 oxides
Authors: Tang Qingkai , Zhu Xinhua
Published: December 2023

Half‐metallic ferromagnets (HMFs) exhibit semiconductor behavior for one spin projection and metal characteristics for the other, which have promising applications in spintronics. It is a great challengeable for HMFs to have wide spin energy gap, large saturation magnetization (MS), and high Curie temperature (TC) simultaneously. Here, we report the Sr1.5Mn0.5Fe0.5Hf1.5O6 (SMFHO) double perovskite compounds synthesized by solid‐state reaction and display a magnetic TC up to 804 K due to the strong Mn3+(↑)Fe3+(↑) spin interactions, which is the reported record in perovskite‐type HMFs so far. The measured MS value at 300 K was 4.87 μB/f.u., and it further increased up to 6.09 μB/f.u. at 2 K. The SMFHO powders exhibited butterfly‐shaped magnetoresistance (MR)–H curve at 2 K, and the MR (2 K, 7 T) value was measured as −3.86% due to the intergranular magnetic tunneling effect. Variation of the resistivity of the SMFHO ceramics versus temperature exhibits a semiconductor behavior, and the electrical transport properties of the SMFHO ceramics are well studied by Mott's range jump model, thermally activated semiconductor conductance model and small polaron jumping model, respectively. The optical absorption spectrum of the SMFHO powders demonstrates an indirect optical bandgap of 3.56 eV. Our present work demonstrates the intriguing properties of the SMFHO oxides where high TC, wide energy gap, and large MS value are preserved at the same time, which open the way to their promising applications in advanced spintronic devices at or beyond room temperature.
Recreational‐vehicle‐dwelling American nomads' experiences seeking healthcare: A qualitative field study
Authors: Tretter Ruth E. , Nies Mary A. , Omotowa Omotayo O.
Published: December 2023

Aim

To explore the experiences of recreational‐vehicle‐dwelling American nomads when seeking healthcare in the United States.

Design

This exploratory, qualitative study employed interpretive description design to maintain a disciplinary focus in nursing.

Methods

Twenty‐five participants were recruited from campgrounds in eight states. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted face‐to‐face. Thematic analysis was conducted using a phronetic iterative approach.

Results

Three overarching themes described participants' experiences seeking healthcare: overwhelming logistics, don't need healthcare, and orchestrating a web of care.

Conclusion

Recreational‐vehicle‐dwelling nomads in the United States face additional complexity when accessing healthcare related to seeking care in unfamiliar locations and policies that prevent the portability of healthcare across state lines.

Implications

More research is needed to evaluate solutions to improve healthcare access for recreational‐vehicle‐dwelling nomads. Nurses and policymakers should consider healthcare practices through the lens of nomads' lifestyle mobility. The impact of policy decisions on people who are geographically mobile should be considered, and barriers to healthcare portability should be addressed.

Impact

This was the first study focused on the healthcare experiences of recreational‐vehicle‐dwelling nomads in the United States.

Nomads face additional complexity and barriers to healthcare access. Some nomads developed strategies to overcome barriers, while others disengaged from healthcare.

The findings will impact researchers and nurses who study and care for nomads.

Reporting Method

The SRQR reporting guidelines were followed.

Patient or Public Contribution

Recreational‐vehicle‐dwelling nomads reviewed the recruitment flyer and interview guide and provided input on recruitment methods and sites.
Recovering from physical trauma in late life, a struggle to recapture autonomy: A grounded theory study
Authors: Järbrink Hanna , Forsberg Anna , Erhag Hanna Falk , Lundälv Jörgen , Bjerså Kristofer , Engström My
Published: December 2023

Aim

The study aimed to explore the experiences of care and recovery among older patients treated for physical trauma.

Design

A qualitative study with a constructivist grounded theory design.

Methods

Fifteen in‐depth interviews with older adults recovering from physical trauma were conducted and analysed between 2019 and 2023, in accordance with grounded theory methodology.

Results

The findings show that for older patients who suffered physical trauma, the core category was the strive to recapture autonomy. This was achieved by means of Adaptation, Reflection and Interactions, which constitute the three main categories. Recovery involves facing and navigating various new life challenges, such as increased dependency on others, managing difficult symptoms and adapting in various ways to everyday life. The recovery process was influenced by fear, hope and the attitude towards new challenges.

Conclusion

Older adults being cared for after a traumatic event have a difficult path to recovery ahead of them. Dealing with increased unwanted dependency on others was a main concern for the participants. Undertreated symptoms can lead to undesired isolation, delayed recovery and further increase unwanted dependency. On the other hand, hope, which was defined as having a positive approach to life and longing for the future, was a strong accelerating factor in the recovery process.

Impact

As a result of this study, we have established that older patients experience the initial period after trauma as difficult and that support in the initial phase can be helpful when returning home. As healthcare services are under increasing pressure because of an ageing population, this study contributes by addressing an understudied population and clarifying their concerns.

Reporting Method

Reporting adheres to the COREQ (COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research) Checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public involvement.
Same places, same stories? Genomics reveals similar structuring and demographic patterns for four Pocillopora coral species in the southwestern Indian Ocean
Authors: Oury Nicolas , Mona Stefano , Magalon Hélène
Published: December 2023

Aim

Efficiently protecting species requires knowing their ecological, life‐history and reproductive traits. This is particularly decisive for scleractinian corals, key components of coral reefs, which are experiencing critical declines. Yet their connectivity remains insufficiently documented. Here, we focused on four distinct species of the coral genus Pocillopora found in diverse habitats of the southwestern Indian Ocean and presenting various reproductive strategies. We aimed to understand whether these traits affect species connectivity.

Location

Archipelagos and islands of the southwestern Indian Ocean.

Taxon

Pocillopora spp.

Methods

We used target capture to collect single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from over a thousand colonies sampled across nine localities. From the ca. 1400 SNPs retained per species, Bayesian clustering methods, networks and demographic inferences were applied to first infer the population genetic structure and connectivity of each species, then the demographic history of each population.

Results

All four Pocillopora species exhibited almost the same genetic structuring pattern, reflecting the sampled ecoregions (Madagascar and surrounding islands vs. Mascarene Islands). However, the genetic differentiation was stronger (FST about 10 times higher) for P. acuta, the species inhabiting more enclosed habitats, such as lagoons and shallow waters, and reproducing mainly asexually. Similarly, all populations, except those from P. acuta, showed a signature of population expansion ca. 100,000 years ago, following the penultimate glacial period.

Main Conclusions

These results indicate reduced gene flow between Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands, probably linked to currents, suggesting distinct connectivity networks that should be considered independently when setting up conservation plans. In addition, shared demographic histories reflect that populations from these species have probably met the same environmental constraints and reacted similarly, something that should be considered in light of the ongoing rapid climate change.
Particle abrasion as a pre‐bonding dentin surface treatment: A scoping review
Authors: Almeida Gabriela , Marques Joana A. , Van Meerbeek Bart , Ramos João Carlos , Falacho Rui I.
Published: December 2023

Objective

This scoping review aims to assess the influence of air abrasion with aluminum oxide and bioactive glass on dentin bond strength.

Materials and Methods

An electronic search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase), on March 3rd, 2023, with previously identified MeSH Terms. A total of 1023 records were screened. Exclusion criteria include primary teeth, air abrasion of a substrate other than sound dentin, use of particles apart from aluminum oxide or bioactive glass, and studies in which bond strength was not assessed.

Results

Out of the 1023 records, title and abstract screening resulted in the exclusion of 895 and 67 studies, respectively, while full‐text analysis excluded another 25 articles. In addition, 5 records were not included, as full texts could not be obtained after requesting the authors. Two cross‐references were added. Thus, 33 studies were included in this review. It is important to emphasize the absence of standardization of air abrasion parameters. According to 63.6% of the studies, air abrasion does not influence dentin bond strength. Moreover, 30.3% suggest improving bonding performance, and 6.1% advocate a decrease.

Conclusions

Air abrasion with aluminum oxide does not enhance or impair dentin bond strength. The available data on bioactive glass are limited, which hinders conclusive insights.

Clinical Significance

Dentin air abrasion is a widely applied technique nowadays, with numerous clinical applications. Despite the widespread adoption of this procedure, its potential impact on bonding performance requires a thorough analysis of the existing literature.
Clinical management of vital and non‐vital discolored tooth preparation stump shades: A clinical case series
Authors: Chu Stephen J. , Mieleszko Adam J.
Published: December 2023

Objective

Traditional and modern‐day laboratory techniques can be used to mask vital and non‐vital discolored teeth.

Clinical Considerations

Two clinical case reports are presented showing different treatment approaches to differing clinical scenarios of partial coverage veneer and full coverage crown restorations, respectively.

Conclusions

Feldspathic ceramics should be considered when customization of stump shade correction and equalization is required with minimum facial reduction with veneer restorations. Translucent zirconia (5 mol% Y2O3) can be used to mask metal posts and core restorations on non‐vital teeth using an opaquer material that is infused into the intaglio surface in the green state.

Clinical Significance

Different clinical scenarios will present to the clinician in regard to discolored stump shades where understanding what laboratory material treatment options are available that will help guide definitive restoration types and ultimately tooth preparation design.
Digital application of three‐dimensional diagnosis and treatment with a virtual articulator
Authors: Lee Kyungmin Clara , Park Jae Hyun , Kim Jong‐Cheol , Lee Sangmi , Moon Danal , Lee Gye‐Hyeong
Published: December 2023

Objective

The purpose of this article was to introduce a method for the digital application of three‐dimensional (3D) diagnosis and treatment with a virtual articulator and 3D data.

Clinical Consideration

With the use of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral and facial scans, we can create a virtual articulator and evaluate the mandibular position in maximum intercuspation and centric‐related occlusion for the patient with an unstable occlusion and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Based on this, we treated a case using a digital mandibular position indicator (MPI) and fabricated a stabilization splint using a 3D printer. This approach eliminates the traditional impression or model mounting process and the analog face bow transfer. Furthermore, the design of the stabilization splint is accomplished using software.

Conclusions

The approach outlined in this article offers the potential for a digital diagnosis and treatment process by seamlessly integrating CBCT, intraoral scans, and facial scans with a high degree of accuracy. This may enhance precision in diagnosis and treatment planning, especially for patients with complicated TMD, in addition to facilitating effective communication with orthodontic patients who require thorough attention.

Clinical Significance

Utilizing a virtual articulator and digital MPI for the occlusal evaluation of patients with TMD and unstable occlusion makes it possible to diagnose and analyze the occlusal condition accurately. This approach also allows for precision and efficiency in treatment.
In vitro comparison of one‐step, two‐step, and three‐step polishing systems on the surface roughness and gloss of different resin composites
Authors: Lippert Vinícius Funghetto , Bresciani Eduardo , Mota Eduardo Gonçalves , Bittencourt Hélio Radke , Kramer Paulo Floriani , Spohr Ana Maria
Published: December 2023

Objectives

This laboratory study evaluated the effect of three polishing systems on the surface roughness and gloss of resin composites.

Materials and Methods

Thirty specimens (6 mm Ø × 8 mm) were fabricated from each of three resin composites: Z 350 XT (nanofill), Harmonize (nanohybrid), and Estelite Omega (supranonofill). All specimens were photopolymerized using a multi‐peak LED curing unit (VALO—Standard mode), having a exitance irradiance of approximately 1000 mW/cm2 against a polyester strip (PS). 2 mm was then removed from the irradiated end (finished) using #320 abrasive paper (F). Specimens were then randomly polished (P) using a one‐step (1S) (OneGloss), two‐step (2S) (EVE Diacomp Twist Basic CA), or 3‐step (3S) (Astropol P) system (n = 10). For PS, F, and P groups, surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a surface roughness tester, and surface gloss was measured with a glossmeter. For each specimen, the percent recovery to the PS value (%R) of surface roughness and surface gloss were calculated. Data were analyzed using two–way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test. Surface roughness and gloss values were submitted to Pearson's correlation test (α = 0.05). All statistical testing was performed using a pre‐set alpha of 0.05.

Results

The interaction term [resin composite × polishing system] was significant for both surface roughness (p = 0.001) and gloss (p = 0.0001). For all resin composites, the 2S and 3S systems provided a higher %R of surface roughness and gloss compared to those of the 1S system. There was a negative correlation between surface roughness and gloss, but only a few combinations showed strong correlations.

Conclusions

The 2S and 3S polishing systems provided surfaces having greater smoothness and gloss compared to the 1S system. The ability to recover surface roughness and gloss was dependent on type of resin composite filler classification.

Clinical Significance

The 3S and 2S polishing systems were more effective in achieving PS values than was the 1S system for all tested resin composites. However, individual polishing systems performed differently depending on type of resin composite.