bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The low-flow mask oxygen could be a better treatment for emergency psychogenic hyperventilation syndromes: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Luo Zhenyu , Yuan Dongmei , yang linhe , Li Yunying
Published: April 2024

Objectives
To compare the effect of low-flow mask oxygenation (LFMO) with breathing training (BT) for psychogenic hyperventilation syndrome (PHVS), providing more options and evidence for clinical treatment.
Methods
A double-blind, randomized controlled trial (Registered number: ChiCTR2300072044, June 1, 2023) was conducted in a tertiary hospital from 5 June 2023 to 25 June 2023. Participants were recruited and randomly assigned to the LFMO or BT groups. All participants were guided and presented PHVS, then the LFMO group inhaled 3L/minute oxygen with the oxygen mask, and the BT group took the breath training with 20 breath rate/minute. The length of the recovery from PHVS and the comfort/tolerance score were collected as the primary outcome. and the PH, lactate, K+, Ca2+, PO2, and PCo2 was collected as the secondary outcome.
Results
Forty-four participants completed the study and were included for analysis (21 for the LFMO group and 23 for the BT group), mainly female (75%, n = 33). After a period of fast breathing, all participants diagnosed with PHVS by the 1st ABG test (Pco2: 27.40 ± 3.11; 28.80 ± 1.87) and Nijmegen Questionnaire(23.47 ± 0.66; 23.38 ± 0.58), and all participants recovered from PHVS after interventions. However, the LFMO group showed significant advantages in both the length of recovery (22.41 ± 3.36, p < 0.000) and comfort/tolerance (5.85 ± 1.23, p = 0.011), while no significant difference was detected among secondary outcomes.
Conclusion
Compared to traditional breath training, low-flow mask oxygenation could be a better treatment for PHVS, especially in emergency departments, with more comfort and faster recovery.
Digital Economy and Carbon Emission Intensity：A Cross-country Study
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Chen Lei , Li Jing , Ding Shengzhen
Published: April 2024

This paper discusses the effect of the digital economy on carbon emission intensity by using the TIMG index as a proxy variable for the development of the digital economy in 72 countries from 2013 to 2020. The results of this paper show that (1) there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the development of the digital economy and the carbon emissions of various countries; that is, the development of the digital economy first has a positive effect on carbon emissions, and then, its impact turns negative after it reaches a designated inflection point. (2) The results of the mechanism analysis show that the development of the digital economy can reduce carbon emissions by promoting industrial upgrading, while it could have an inverted U-shaped nonlinear effect on carbon emissions. (3) The development of a country's digital economy may have a significantly inverted U-shaped spatial spillover effect on neighboring countries.
Analysis of the types and characteristics of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in high endemic areas of tuberculosis
Authors: Li Na-na , Lou Si-yu , Ma Yong-hong , Liu Mei , Zhang Wan-min , Zhang Xiao-ke , Peng Zhangli , Chen Ling , Lan Yuanbo
Published: April 2024

Objective: To understand the epidemiological, demographic and clinical characteristics of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-PD) in areas with high incidence of tuberculosis.
Methods: A prospective surveillance study was conducted for non-tuberculous mycobacterial(NTM) at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University for five consecutive years. A total of 6259 culture-positive specimens grown on Roche medium between January 2017 and December 2021 were collected. After acid-fast staining, colony morphology, growth time, and p-nitrobenzoic acid detection, suspicious NTM strains were screened and identified by gene sequencing, and the dominant groups were subjected to drug sensitivity test.
Results: A total of 107 suspected NTM colonies were screened from 6259 positive cultures, including 51 cases of NTM, 13 cases of MTB, and 43 cases of other bacteria. Among the 51 NTM positive patients, 43.1% were 45-65 years old. All the NTM positive specimens were derived from the respiratory tract. In 2017-2021, the isolation rate of NTM was the highest (1.18%) and the lowest (0.77%), and the main bacterial type was Mycobacterium abscessus (33.33%), followed by Mycobacterium intracellulare (27.45%), Mycobacterium chelates (11.76%), Mycobacterium kansasii (9.80%), Mycobacterium avium (7.84%), Mycobacterium gordonae (3.92%), Mycobacterium smegmatis (3.92%), and Mycobacterium bradyxanthum (1.96%). Other bacteria were dominated by Gordonia spp. The dominant NTM bacteria were Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium intracellulare, which had a high drug resistance rate. Middle-aged, male, bronchiectasis and serum albumin < 3.5 g/L were risk factors for NTM-PD.
Conclusions: The trend of NTM infection rate is stable in this area, but the drug resistance rate is high. M. abscessus is the most common pathogen of NTM. Middle-aged, male patients with bronchiectasis and serum albumin < 3.5 g/L have a high risk of progressing to NTM-PD. In areas with a high incidence of TB, clinicians should make a differential diagnosis between suspected pulmonary TB and NTM infections.
Efficacy and Safety of Inclisiran, Alirocumab, Evolocumab, and Evinacumab in Lipid-Lowering: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Lin , Li Bin , Chen Wei , Li Wei , Yang Huayun , Pan Diguang
Published: April 2024

Purpose
To indirectly compare the efficacy and safety of inclisiran, alirocumab, evolocumab, and evinacumab in lipid-lowering through a network meta-analysis.
Methods
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were retrieved from databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The search was conducted up to July 1, 2023. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and data analysis was performed using R software.
Results
A total of 21 randomized controlled trials involving 10,835 patients were included. The network meta-analysis indicated that Evolocumab was the most effective (87%) in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), followed by alirocumab (71.4%) and inclisiran (47.2%), with placebo being the least effective (0.01%). In increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), evolocumab ranked first (81.8%), followed by alirocumab (68.2%), with placebo again at the bottom (0.03%). In lowering total cholesterol, evolocumab performed the best (86%), followed by alirocumab (64%), and placebo remained the least effective (0.04%). Regarding adverse events (AEs), evinacumab ranked the highest (98.9%), followed by inclisiran (59.6%) and evolocumab (15.2%).
Conclusion
Evolocumab appears to be the most effective in increasing HDL-C, and reducing LDL-C and total cholesterol. Evinacumab shows the best safety profile with the lowest incidence of AEs.
Gram-Scale Synthesis of Heterogeneous Cu-MOFs Catalyst with Dual Functionalities for Late-stage Dicarbofunctionalization of Alkenes
Authors: Guo Shuo , Dong Lu , Chen Hu , Tan Xiaoli , Sun Wei , Feng Rui , Jia Yanyuan
Published: April 2024

Multifunctional catalysts in organic synthesis are highly attractive, particularly in the construction of complex molecules. Here, we report the first example of heterogeneous Cu-MOFs catalyst with dual functions of photoredox and cross-coupling. IMU-108 can be synthesized on a gram scale from Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and 5-mercaptoisophthalic acid precursors by a simple reflux process. X-ray diffraction results revealed that IMU-108 is constructed from the in-situ bridged S-S bond between the zero-dimension metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs). The inter-polyhedras S-S bonds not only create a rigid geometric structure, but also allow IMU-108 to be bench-stable, while still maintaining excellent catalysis. We demonstrate the capacity of IMU-108 in heterogeneous photoredox-catalyzed cross-coupling of styrenes, α-carbonyl alkyl and bromides with boronic acids to yield various substituted 1,1-diarylalkanes in a single step. The versatility of this method enables late-stage functionalization of complex molecules without the need for de novo synthesis. Moreover, IMU-108 exhibits good recyclability, maintaining its catalytic activity over six consecutive reaction cycles.
Sorghum's Survival Strategy Against Drought During Early Growth Under PEG- Simulated Conditions Based on Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Zhang Ruidong , Chang Jiarong , Chen Haiyun , Li Jiaqi , Feng Jun , Deng ZhiLan , Cao Xiong
Published: April 2024

Drought stress during sorghum emergence significantly impacts seedling establishment, with drought adversely affecting both emergence and population growth. This study aims to explore drought tolerance mechanisms in sorghum germination by analyzing physiological changes and transcriptomic data from two sorghum lines: W069 (drought-tolerant) and W040 (drought-sensitive). Under drought conditions, phenotypic analysis revealed that W069 exhibited longer shoot and root lengths compared to W040. Additionally, physiological data indicated higher osmotic substance content and lower MDA content in W069. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) analyses, three key pathways (starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and phytohormone signaling) were identified as pivotal in drought response during seed germination in sorghum. Expression profiling revealed that most of the drought tolerance-related genes in the three key pathways were expressed at higher levels, in the drought-tolerant cultivar 'W069', which may be the reason for its greater stress tolerance. These findings enhance our comprehension of drought-responsive gene networks in sorghum seed germination, offering potential target genes and strategies for enhancing drought tolerance in this crop.
Non-targeted GC-MS metabolomics-based differences in Indica rice seeds of different varieties
Authors: Zhou Dahu , Jing Hao , Yuan Jun , Zhou Mingming , Liu Lin , Fu Junru , Ouyang Linjuan , Xu Jie , Bian Jianmin , Fu Haihui , He Haohua
Published: April 2024

Rice seeds of different varieties presented different metabolic profiles. In the study, we detected the metabolites in rice seeds of six varieties (CH, HM, NX, YX, HY, and MX) via non-targeted GC-MS. Our results showed that, amino acids, sugars, and organic acids showed higher proportions in seeds of all different varieties, and contributed more to distinguishing CH from the others; compared to CH, amino acids with the greatest changes in content were phenylalanine of NX, and glycine of YX, sugar with the greatest changes in content was 1,5-anhydroglucitol of NX, and glutamate and aspartate of both NX and YX, and lactulose of HM, HY, and MX were up-regulated. Due to the biological functions of these amino acids and sugars, these indicated that compared to CH, rice of NX were more conducive to metabolism of carbohydrate and fat, and healthy growth maintenance in the human body, but might be not suitable for the patients with diabetes, rice of YX was not suitable as potential glycine supplement, rice of HM, HY, and MX were more suitable as potential lactulose supplement, and content of main storage proteins in seeds of NX and YX were higher than those of CH. The study provided new thoughts for the differences research of different rice varieties.
Emodin alleviates cholestatic liver injury by modulating Sirt1/Fxr signaling pathways
Authors: Hu Zhi , Cheng Xiaohua , Cai Jun , Huang Chao , Hu Jinfang , Liu Jianming
Published: April 2024

Emodin (EMO) not only has the effect of anti-cholestasis, but also has been reported to cause liver injury. We speculate that EMO has a hepatoprotective effect at a certain dose, while high doses can show liver injury, but the mechanism is still unclear. The farnesoid X receptor (Fxr) is the master bile acid nuclear receptor. Recent studies have reported that Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) can regulate the activities of Fxr. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the mechanism of EMO against ANIT-induced liver injury based on Sirt1/Fxr signaling pathway. The ANIT-induced cholestatic rats were used with or without EMO treatment. Serum biochemical indicators, as well as liver histopathological changes were examined. The genes expressions of Sirt1, Fxr, Shp, Bsep and Mrp2were detected. The expressions of Sirt1, Fxr and their downstream related genes were investigated in vitro. The results showed that EMO significantly alleviated ANIT-induced liver injury in rats, and increased Sirt1, Fxr, Shp, Bsep and Mrp2 gene expression in liver, while decreased the expression of Cyp7a1. EMO significantly activated Fxr, while Sirt1 inhibitor and Sirt1 gene silencing significantly reduced Fxr activity in vitro. Collectively, EMO in the right dose has a protective effect on liver injury induced by ANIT, and the mechanism may be through activation of Fxr by Sirt1, thus regulating bile acid metabolism, and reducing bile acid load in hepatocytes.
Multiple time scale complex dynamics in nonlinear time- delayed optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Tang Dengfei , liang en , lu qiuyi , Zhao Haibin , Li Ziwei
Published: April 2024

We investigated a time-delayed optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) that displays a wide range of complex dynamic behavior under multiple time scales. The phase-space trajectory distributions in different dynamic regimes were compared which brings a new perspective on the underlying mechanism of the transition process. It was found that bifurcation is always possible no matter how small the time delay is even if the universal adiabatic approximation model is invalid. Hereby we proposed a versatile simple oscillator which has a potential capacity as memory carrier and high-dimensional state spatial mapping ability that brings 1000 times computing-efficiency improvements of reservoir computing over the large delay one. Furthermore, we demonstrated a new approach for a tunable optoelectronic pulse generator (repetition rate at 0.2 MHz and 0.25 GHz) which depends critically on time-delayed input electrical pulse. The proposed oscillator is also a promising system for the applications of fast chaos-based communication.
Linking the spatiotemporal distribution of static stress drops to source faults in a fluid-driven earthquake swarm, northeastern Noto Peninsula, central Japan
Authors: Fukuoka Mitsuteru , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Yamada Takuji
Published: April 2024

We investigated stress drops during an earthquake swarm in northeastern Noto Peninsula, central Japan, which is characterized by ongoing seismic activity in four clusters. We focused on the spatiotemporal distribution of the static stress drop and its relationship with the source faults of the earthquake swarm. Employing the empirical Green’s function method, we estimated static stress drops for 90 earthquakes of MJMA 3.0–5.4. We obtained logarithmic mean stress drops of 13 MPa and 19 MPa from P-wave and S-wave analyses, respectively, typical values for crustal earthquakes. We comprehensively analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution of static stress drops in the northern cluster due to the abundance of available data and clarity of fault structures there. We observed larger static stress drops for earthquakes along shallow portions of the source faults, as defined by the hypocentral distribution during a given period. Conversely, we observed smaller static stress drops for earthquakes at medial depths along the faults. These results suggest higher fault strength at shallower depths along the faults and reduced fault strength at medial depths. We attribute the high fault strength at shallow depths to low pore fluid pressure after only limited fluid diffusion near the fault terminus. In contrast, we attribute the reduction in fault strength at greater depths to high pore fluid pressure within the fault following penetration by migrating fluids.
Thrombosis and Platelet Adhesion and Aggregation in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy under Arterial Shear Strip
Authors: he cui , ma haidong , gao xuemei , huang xiaojing , deng surong , liu yu
Published: April 2024

Platelet adhesion and aggregation effect increases in third-trimester wemen, and the risk of thrombosis increases, so how to achieve early diagnosis is particularly important.In this study, microfluidic chip technology was used to study the adhesion and aggregation behavior of platelets in third-trimester under different arterial shear rates (1000s-1, 1500s-1, 4000s-1). Flow cytometry was used to analyze platelet surface activation markers (PAC-1 and P-selectin CD62P), and to explore the diagnostic value of different platelet function assessment methods for the risk of third-trimester thrombosis in normal pregnant women. Compared to healthy controls, white blood cell, fibrinogen, D-dimer levels increased, while platelet levels decreased (P < 0.05). No significant difference observed in platelet reactivity to agonist induction under static conditions ( P > 0.05). Platelet aggregation and surface activation marker expression significantly increased with the increase of shear rate under flow conditions (P < 0.05). The expression of platelet surface activation markers elevated.So we believe that using microfluidic chip technology to evaluate platelet aggregation and thrombosis in the third-trimester under arterial flow conditions combined with platelet activation can help predict thrombotic diseases. And the results may provide effective clinical application data and a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and prevention of platelet dysfunction and thrombotic diseases during pregnancy.
Machine Learning-Based Identification of Co-expressed Genes in Prostate Cancer and CRPC and Construction of Prognostic Models
Authors: Huang Zhiheng , Xu Han , Zhang Tianhe , Wei Haiyang , Gao Junfeng , Xu Changbao , Fan Changhui
Published: April 2024

Objective
The objective of this study was to employ machine learning to identify shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in prostate cancer (PCa) initiation and castration resistance, aiming to establish a robust prognostic model and enhance understanding of patient prognosis for personalized treatment strategies.
Methods
mRNA transcriptome data associated with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) were obtained from the GEO database. Differential expression analysis was conducted using the limma R package to compare normal prostate samples with PCa samples, and PCa samples with CRPC samples. Next, we applied LASSO regression, univariate, and multivariate COX regression analyses to pinpoint genes linked to prognosis and build prognostic models. Validation was performed using the TCGA_PRAD dataset to confirm expression differences of hub genes and explore their correlation with clinical variables and prognostic significance.
Results
We successfully established a prostate cancer risk prediction model containing seven genes (KIF4A, UBE2C, FAM72D, CCDC78, HOXD9, LIX1 and SLC5A8) and verified its accuracy on an independent data set. The results of calibration curve and decision curve show that the model has potential clinical application value. The nomogram can accurately predict the prognosis of patients. Additionally, elevated expression of KIF4A, UBE2C, and FAM72D, or reduced expression of LIX1, correlated with advanced pathological T and N stages, clinical T stage, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, age at diagnosis, Gleason score, and shorter progression-free interval (PFI) (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
By integrating bioinformatics analysis and clinical data, we not only established a reliable prognostic model for prostate cancer but also identified key genes pivotal in disease progression and treatment resistance. These findings provide novel insights and methodologies for assessing prognosis and tailoring treatment strategies for prostate cancer patients.
Relationship between the adjustability of grasping force and upper limb/hand function evaluation in individuals with cerebrovascular disorders: a preliminary cross-sectional study
Authors: Kaneno Tatsuya , Kawahara Katsutoshi , Yabe Tatsuya , Tasaka Takashi , Sakurai Tomoyuki , Sato Akihiro , Akizuki Kazunori , Morita Yoshifumi
Published: April 2024

Background
Activities of daily living, including grasping, holding, and pinching, are essential for daily living. However, these activities often become difficult in individuals with cerebrovascular disease owing to motor paralysis of the upper limbs and fingers caused by damage to the cerebral hemisphere. We hypothesized a relationship between adjustability of grasping force (AGF) and upper limb/hand functional assessment and aimed to clarify this relationship in individuals with cerebrovascular disorders.
Methods
This preliminary cross-sectional study included 12 individuals with cerebrovascular disorders assessed using the AGF, Fugl–Meyer assessment (FMA), simple test for evaluating hand function (STEF), action research arm test (ARAT), and motor activity log (MAL). Partial Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed with adjustment for age.
Results
We observed a significant positive correlation between AGF (isometric section) on the unaffected side and MAL (Quality of Movement). Furthermore, AGF (isometric section) on the unaffected side showed a negative correlation with ARAT on the unaffected side.
Conclusions
AGF on the unaffected side impacts the affected hand’s quality of use in activities of daily living. Therefore, evaluation and intervention strategies that consider both the affected side and AGF on the unaffected side in individuals with cerebrovascular disorders are required.
Rubella antibody levels in the healthy Chinese population:a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhuo Yaning , Lu Zhaojun , Zhang Xuechao , Zhang Xiaoping , Yang Yingying , Han Jiayin , Du Jian , Xu Yuyang , Liu Yan , Fu Chuanxi
Published: April 2024

Objectives
To gain a comprehensive understanding of rubella antibody levels in the healthy population in China and to offer data-driven support for the goal of rubella elimination.
Methods
CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP database, CBM, PubMed, web of Science, and Embase databases were searched to collect studies reporting the positive rate of rubella antibody among the Chinese healthy populations between 2001 and 2022. We conducted a meta-analysis using R language, and data were combined using random effects model.
Results
A total of 97 studies were included, encompassing a sample size of 103,018. Meta-analysis showed that the overall prevalence of rubella antibody positivity in the Chinese healthy population was 77.29% (95% CI: 75.26-79.33). The prevalence of rubella antibody varied significantly based on age and vaccination status. Among the age groups studied, the <1-year-old group exhibited the lowest positivity rate for rubella antibody at 47.87% (95% CI: 41.53-54.21),while the ≥50 years old group showed the highest positivity rate at 85.43% (95% CI: 81.01-89.85); individuals with a history of vaccination demonstrated a higher antibody positivity rate compared to those without vaccination history.
Conclusions
The prevalence of rubella antibody in healthy Chinese population is relatively low. In order to establish a solid immune barrier, it requires conducting timely immunization programs on key groups such as middle school students and the women of childbearing age on the basis of ensuring a high level of rubella-containing-vaccines (RCV) coverage, so as to achieve the goal of eliminating rubella.
Arsenic levels in the hair of people exposed to arsenic and awareness of its risk factors
Authors: Chen Xiangping , Liu Siyu , Shi Manman , Luo Yan
Published: April 2024

Arsenic is widely found in nature, and because of its carcinogenic properties, it has come to be a serious threat to human health. The effects of arsenic on the human body are influenced by a variety of factors, including the level of arsenic in external environmental pollutants and individual human factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the level of arsenic in populations living in arsenic-contaminated areas and the influencing factors. Environmental media samples (water and wheat) and biological samples (hair) were selected for arsenic analysis in both arsenic-contaminated and arsenic-safe areas. Socio-demographic information and behavioral characteristics information were obtained from questionnaires to analyze factors that cause an increase in arsenic levels in the body. In study area, 89.33% of the water samples exceeded the national standard (10 μg/L) and 2.13% of the wheat samples had arsenic concentrations above the safe limit (0.5 mg/kg). In contrast, arsenic levels in drinking water and wheat in the control area were within safe limits. A presence of 29 (29.29%) respondents with levels of arsenic in hair higher than 1 mg/kg was found in arsenic-contaminated areas. The results of the analysis showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in the level of arsenic in the hair of the inhabitants of arsenic-contaminated areas and those of arsenic-safe areas, with concentrations of 0.967 mg/kg and 0.392 mg/kg, respectively. Univariate comparative analysis of factors affecting body arsenic levels showed correlations between sex, age, years of residence, smoking, disease history, wheat-based food intake, and levels of arsenic in hair. Multiple linear regression analysis identified gender, age, and wheat-based food intake as risk factors for increased arsenic levels. The study of factors influencing the level of arsenic in the body can provide a scientific basis for the precise prevention and control of health problems resulting from environmental pollution.
Dynamics and drivers of tidal flat morphology in China
Authors: Hu Zhan , Liu Shuai , Grandjean Tim , Wang Zheng Bing , Zelst Vincent T. M. , Qi Lin , Xu Tianping , Seo Jun , Bouma Tjeerd
Published: April 2024

Recent remote sensing analysis has revealed extensive loss of tidal flats, yet the mechanisms driving these large-scale changes remain enigmatic. This study traces the spatiotemporal variations of 2538 tidal flat transects across China to elucidate how their morphological features vary with external factors, including suspended sediment concentration (SSC), tidal range, and wave height. We observe a correlation between flat width and SSC distribution, and between flat slope and tidal range. A national-wide decline in flat width is observed together with SSC reduction between 2002 and 2016. Intriguingly, sediment-rich flats exhibit a more rapid response to SSC reduction compared to sediment-starving areas, but the converse is observed with SSC increase. These conditional responses stem from the morphodynamic tendency towards equilibrium, which is well explained by synthetical modeling. This finding suggests that tidal flats are resilient to sediment supply reduction, and nation-scale sediment allocation can assist in preserving valuable intertidal areas.
Evolution of flood protection levels and flood vulnerability in Europe since 1950 estimated with vine-copula models
Authors: Paprotny Dominik , Hart Cornelis Marcel Pieter 't , Napoles Oswaldo Morales
Published: April 2024

The magnitude of flood losses is regulated not only by hydrometeorological hazard and exposure, but also flood protection levels (primarily from structural flood defenses) and vulnerability (relative loss at given intensity of hazard). Here, we infer the variation of both factors from data on historical riverine, coastal and compound floods and their impacts in 42 European countries over the period 1950–2020 obtained from the HANZE database. We contrast actual damaging floods, which imply flood protection was locally inadequate, with modelled potential floods, i.e. events that were hydrologically extreme but did not lead to significant impacts, which imply that flood protection was sufficient to prevent losses. Further, we compare the reported magnitude of impacts (fatalities, population affected, and economic losses) with potential impacts computed with a uniform, static approach. We finally derive the spatial and temporal drivers of both flood protection and vulnerability through a multivariate statistical analysis. We apply vine-copulas to derive the best predictors out of a long list of candidate variables, including hydrological parameters of floods, exposure to floods, socioeconomic development, and governance indicators. Our results show that flood protection improved since 1950, particularly for coastal floods. However, riverine protection levels are shown to be much lower than assumed in previous pan-European studies. A strong decline in flood vulnerability over time is also observed for all three indicators of relative losses, suggesting improved flood adaptation. However, there are very large variations in both flood protection and vulnerability between subnational regions in Europe.
Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Youth Soccer Specialty Schools in China
Authors: Zhou Yujin , Chen Qiuhuan , He Dong , Cheng Yu , Peng Xiaowei
Published: April 2024

Youth soccer specialty schools are the primary project to strengthen the foundation of soccer talents, improve the level of soccer development, and achieve the dream of Chinese soccer. Taking 32775 soccer specialty schools in China as the research sample, ArcGIS spatial analysis technology is used to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of specialty schools and their influencing factors. The analysis shows that the overall layout of the country forms eight high-density core areas, the overall spatial distribution is aggregated, and the degree of aggregation is high, with significant differences between east and west. The influencing factors of specialty schools include nine factors within four dimensions: historical development, geographic environment, socio-economy, and educational resources. It was found that geographic environment and socio-economy provide the foundation and background for developing educational resources. However, the direct role of educational resources is more significant in a specific educational program, such as specialty schools, followed by socio-economy and geographic environment. This study provides a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of specialty schools' spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors. These results enrich the research on the spatial layout of sports, providing necessary theoretical support and practical references for the layout and high-quality development of related industries in China and other countries or regions.
Cytotoxicity and cell migration evaluation of a strontium silicate-based root canal sealer on stem cells from rat apical papilla: An in vitro study
Authors: Zhou Guanglei , Zhao Yu , Cai Liangjing , Liu Liwei , Li Xu , Sun Lu , Deng Jiayin
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Bioceramic materials,a new biomaterial formulation in which strontium is introduced into a bioceramic sealer,have been widely used as root canal sealers in the clinic.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and cell migration effects of a novel strontium silicate-based bioceramic material (CRoot SP) in comparison with those of a calcium silicate-based sealer (iRoot SP) and epoxide amine resin sealer (AH Plus) on stem cells from rat apical papilla(rSCAPs).
METHODS
The rSCAPs were isolated and characterized in vitro, then cultured with various concentrations of CRoot SP, iRoot SP and AH Plus extract. Cytotoxicity was assessed by CCK-8 assay and wound healing assays were performed to evaluate cell-migration capacity.
RESULTS
No significant differences in cell viability were observed among the 0.02 mg/mL; and 0.2 mg/mL sealer groups.The cell viability of CRoot SP was consistently greater than that of iRoot SP at concentrations of 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL across all time points. The maximum cytotoxic effect was noted on day 5 with 10 mg/mL AH Plus.The scratch has been partly healed with cell migration in all groups at 24 h, the 0.02 mg/mL, and 0.2 mg/mL CRoot SP have beneficial effects on rSCAPs migration.
CONCLUSIONS
CRoot SP is less cytotoxic than the iRoot SP and AH Plus extracts after setting. A lower concentration of CRoot SP enhances the cell migration capacity of rSCAPs, and CRoot SP may achieve better tissue repair during root canal treatment.
WITHDRAWN: Research on pruning algorithm of the ViT model based on local linear embedding method
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu XiaoRui , You KeXin
Published: April 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors due to author disagreement with the posting of the preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Radioprotective properties of the kombucha-derived bacterial cellulose
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Agata Maria , Silarski Michał , Kaczmarek Mateusz , Harasymczuk Matt , Dziedzic-Kocurek Katarzyna , Uhl Tadeusz
Published: April 2024

Living organisms are constantly exposed to cosmic, terrestrial, and internal sources of radiation. As a result, they have developed natural radioprotective mechanisms. However, in some cases, these mechanisms may not be sufficient. Elevated doses and prolonged exposure to radiation, such as during radiotherapy or in extreme environments like spaceflight, can cause damage to DNA and reactive oxygen species, which can affect biological processes. In contrast to synthetic ingredients, naturally produced radioprotective materials have good biocompatibility and are easy to recycle. This work investigates the radioprotective properties of the hydrogel biofilm produced by the kombucha microbial consortium. The main product, cellulose, is synthesized by acidic bacteria. The radiation protection properties of kombucha's bacterial cellulose (KBC) were examined using gamma quanta with energies ranging from 122 to 1408 keV and an AmBe neutron source. The native form of KBC contains more than 80% water content. To enhance the radioprotection of kombucha's biofilm, metallic components (K, Fe, Mxenes) and biological additives were tested. Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, which are resistant to oxidative stress, were added to the cultivation media. The chemical composition of the resulting KBC films was measured using the FTIR method. Physical properties were characterized using microscopy, ion leaching, and contact angle measurements. Post-processed dried KBC wristbands were analyzed for absorption parameters to enhance protective shielding. Possible levels of radioprotection for various types of bacterial cellulose thickness and forms were computed based on the obtained results. The findings encourage the use of bacterial cellulose in a circular economy for future bioregenerative processes.
Mid-Facial Skeletal and Soft Tissue Changes After Maxillary Skeletal Expander Application: A CBCT Study
Authors: ALAN Arzu , KAYA Yeşim , SANCAK Kevser
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
The increased resistance of midpalatal, zygomaticomaxillary and pterygopalatine sutures overtime, reduces the dentofacial orthopedic effect of conventional expanders. To adress this, mini-screw-assisted rapid palatal expanders have been created. The aim of this study was to investigate the mid-facial soft tissue changes along with rotational movements of zygomaticomaxillary complex after maxillary skeletal expander(MSE) application.
Materials and Methods
Pre- and post-expansion CBCT images of 17 patients(10 female,7 male) with transversal maxillary deficiency and treated with MSE 2, were enrolled in this retrospective study. Eight skeletal angular measurements were performed in the coronal and axial zygomatic sections. Besides, nineteen linear and 3 angular soft tissue measurements were investigated in the midsagittal plane. All the measuments were performed using OnDemand3D software(CyberMed Inc,Seoul,Korea). Paired-t test was used to compare the pre- and post-expansion outcomes.
Results
In the coronal zygomatic section, the decrease in frontoethmoidal angle and increases in frontozygomatic and zygomaticomaxillary angles revealed the outward rotation of zygomaticomaxillary comples. The increase in maxillary inclination showed the downward rotation of zygomaticomaxillary complex. The increases in frontozygomatic, frontoalveolar and frontodental angles represented greater skeletal expansion and minimal alveolar bone bending and dental tipping. The soft tissue measurements revelaed significant increase in the upper and lower face heights, alar nasal width, nasal tip protrusion, vertical filtrum height, and nasal width angle and a decrease in the facial profile angle.
Conclusion
Downward and outward rotation of the zygomaticomaxillary complex around the fulcrum area above the superior aspect of the frontozygomatic suture caused significant soft tissue changes in the paranal and nasal area.
Experimental investigation on the macro- and micromechanical properties of water-cooled granite at different high temperatures
Authors: Wang Tianzuo , Wang Jisha , Zhang Xin , Cheng Peifeng , Xue Fei , Xue Mengya , Li Zheng
Published: April 2024

To investigate the influence of high-temperature and water-cooling treatments on the macro and micro-mechanical properties of granite, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on the treated samples using the MTS815.04 testing system. Simultaneously, acoustic emission signals were collected, and micro-mechanical experiments were performed using a nanoindenter for further analysis. The results revealed that (1) with increasing temperature, the peak strength and elastic modulus of granite decreased, leading to a deterioration in mechanical properties, with a pronounced degradation trend observed after 400–500 ℃. (2) The ringing count of acoustic emission exhibited a similar trend over time within the range of 25–400 ℃, with an increasing proportion of active period I and a decreasing quiet period. The quiet period disappeared at 500 ℃, indicating a significant increase in the influence of high temperature and rapid cooling on internal rock damage beyond 500 ℃. (3) When the temperature is below 500 ℃, the slow decline in the macroscopic mechanical properties of granite is attributed to the differences in the thermophysical properties and content of minerals. However, the rapid decline in the microscopic mechanical properties of the minerals and the generation and propagation of microcracks may be the primary factors contributing to the deterioration of the macroscopic mechanical properties of granite above 500 ℃. (4) The water-cooled granite's uniaxial damage mode changed from tensile damage to tensile‒shear composite damage at 400 ℃ and finally to shear damage at 800 ℃.
Characterizing the linkage of systemic hypoxia and angiogenesis in high grade glioma to define the changes in tumor microenvironment for predicting prognosis
Authors: Shrivastava Richa , Gandhi Puneet , Sorte Sandeep K , Shrivastava Adesh
Published: April 2024

Background
High-grade gliomas (HGG) comprising WHO-grades 3and4 have a poor overall-survival (OS) that has not improved in the past decade. Herein, markers representing four-components of the tumor-microenvironment(TME) were identified to define their linked expression in TME and predict the prognosis in HGG, namely, Interleukin6(IL6,inflammation), inducible nitrous-synthase(iNOS), heat-shock protein-70(HSP70,hypoxia), vascular-endothelial growth-receptor(VEGF) and Endothelin1(ET1)(angiogenesis) and Matrix metalloprotease-14(MMP14) and intercellular-adhesion molecule1(ICAM1,extracellular-matrix).
Objective
To establish a non invasive panel of biomarkers for precise prognostication in HGG
Material and methods
86 therapy-naive HGG patients with 45 controls were analysed for the defined panel. Systemic-expression of extracellular/secretory biomarkers was screened dot-immune-assay(DIA), quantified by ELISA and validated by Immunocytochemistry(ICC).
Results
Expression of iNOS, HSP70, IL-6, VEGF, ET1, MMP14, ICAM1 was found to be positively associated with grade. Quantification of circulating levels of the markers by ELISA and ICC presented a similar result. The biomarkers were observed to negatively correlate with OS (p < 0.0001). Cox-regression analysis yielded all biomarkers as good prognostic-indicators; independent of confounders. On applying combination-statistics, the biomarker-panel achieved higher sensitivity than single markers to define survival. The intra-association of all seven-biomarkers was significant, hinting of a crosstalk between the TME components and a hypoxia driven systemic inflammation up-regulating the expression of other components.
Conclusion
This is a first-ever experimental-study of a marker-panel that can distinguish between histopathological-grades, and also delineate differential-survival using liquid-biopsy, suggesting that markers of hypoxia can be a cornerstone for personalized-therapy. The panel of biomarkers of iNOS, HSP70, IL-6, VEGF, ET1, MMP14 and ICAM1 holds promise for prognostication in HGG.
Protection of Guizhou Miao Batik Culture Based on Knowledge Graph and Deep Learning
Authors: Quan Huafeng , Li Yiting , Liu Dashuai , Zhou Yue
Published: April 2024

In the globalization trend, China's cultural heritage is in danger of gradually disappearing. The protection and inheritance of these precious cultural resources has become a critical task. This paper focuses on the Miao batik culture in Guizhou Province, China, and explores the application of knowledge graphs, natural language processing, and deep learning techniques in the promotion and protection of batik culture. We propose a dual-channel mechanism that integrates semantic and visual information, aiming to connect batik pattern features with cultural connotations. First, we use natural language processing techniques to automatically extract batik-related entities and relationships from the literature, and construct and visualize a structured batik pattern knowledge graph. Based on this knowledge graph, users can textually search and understand the images, meanings, taboos, and other cultural information of specific patterns. Second, for the batik pattern classification, we propose an improved ResNet34 model. By embedding average pooling and convolutional operations into the residual blocks and introducing long-range residual connections, the classification performance is enhanced. By inputting pattern images into this model, their subjects can be accurately identified, and then the underlying cultural connotations can be understood. Experimental results show that our model outperforms other mainstream models in evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, achieving 99.0%, 99.0%, 98.9%, and 99.0%, respectively. This research provides new ideas for the digital protection of batik culture and demonstrates the great potential of artificial intelligence technology in cultural heritage protection.
Different impact of anastomotic leak on long-term recurrence after surgery for rectal vs colonic cancer A systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Feng , Feng Dengyu , Yu Zeqian , Gong Jianfeng
Published: April 2024

Background
Long-term recurrence after resection for colorectal cancer (CRC) might be influenced by anastomotic leak (AL). Recent studies investigating this topic have reported discrepant findings.
Materials:
Studies investigating the impact of AL on long-term oncological outcomes after CRC resection were identified from the electronic databases to perform meta-analysis. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify and adjust for cofounders.
Results
Seventy-two studies comprising 153,828 subjects were enrolled. Meta-analysis showed AL was associated with an increased local recurrence (LR) in rectal cancer (HR 1.63 95% CI 1.26–2.11, p = 0.002) but not colonic cancer (HR 1.61 95% CI 0.34–7.57, p = 0.271). In contrast, AL was associated with an increased distant recurrence (DR) in colonic cancer (HR 1.45 95% CI 1.16–1.81, p = 0.005) but not rectal cancer (HR 1.03 95% CI 0.74–1.43, p = 0.374). Subgroup analysis of studies with > 50% of patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) (LR: p = 0.055, DR: p = 0.127) showed no significant relationship between AL and recurrence. Re-operated (OR 1.73 95% CI 1.03–2.92, p = 0.038) but not conservatively treated AL (OR 1.05 95% CI 0.54–2.06, p = 0.886) increased LR. AL was associated with decreased survival in CRC patients.
Conclusion
After AL, rectal cancer had distinct recurrence pattern than colonic cancer while long-term survival rate was generally decreased. The impact of AL on oncological outcome tends to be influenced by the severity of AL and the application of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
Creep properties and nonlinear energy evolution characteristics of granitic gneiss in high-stress underground engineering
Authors: Wang Nanyun , Liu Xinrong , Zhong Zuliang , Zhu Kaixin , Ren Yuqi
Published: April 2024

The creep properties and nonlinear energy evolution characteristics of granitic gneiss under high ground stress are investigated in this study. Basic mechanical property tests were conducted on the rock, followed by triaxial creep tests under high confining pressure. The research findings reveal the nonlinear energy evolution mechanism of granitic gneiss under high ground stress, providing a foundation for further investigation into the creep behavior of deeply buried rock masses. The experimental results show that under the same stress level, compared with the conventional test, rocks in the creep test exhibit a higher energy dissipation and a lower capacity for storing elastic energy. As the confining pressure increases, the promoting effect on energy accumulation is more significant than the inhibiting effect. The energy storage coefficient for creep compression ranges from 0.7–0.75, while for conventional compression it ranges from 0.79–0.94. In conventional tests, cracks in the rock begin to propagate periodically when the loading stress reaches 81.1% of the peak stress. Similarly, cracks start to propagate irregularly in the rock when the loading stress reaches 84.2% of the peak stress. In creep tests, both high confining pressure and step loading delay the onset of periodic and irregular fractures in deeply buried creep rocks.