bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PASSING SEPAKBOLA (BACK PASSER) DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS
Authors: Rapandy Bobby , Aufan Rifqi
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk menghasilkan sebuah media pembelajaran passing dalam permainan sepakbola mata pelajaran pendidikan jasmani, olahraga dan kesehatan. Sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alat modifikasi pembelajaran disekolah khususnya di SMA Negeri 2 Lubuk Pakam. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 30 siswa sekolah menengah atas (SMA). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan media pembelajaran sepakbola (back passer) di SMA. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development). Adapun media yang dikembangkan divalidasi oleh 2 orang ahli yang terdiri dari 1 ahli materi dan 1 ahli media/alat.  Adapun hasil validitas ahli materi terhadap alat yang dikembangkan sebesar 91,6% dan persentase penilaian dari ahli media/alat terhadap alat yang dikembangkan sebesar 88,2%. Hasil uji coba skala kecil melibatkan 10 siswa menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran passing sepakbola (back passer) memenuhi kriteria untuk dilanjutkan dalam uji coba skala besar karena persentase skor dari setiap aspek sebesar 72% dengan kategori layak. Hasil Uji coba skala besar terhadap 20 siswa bahwa media pembelajaran passing sepakbola (back passer) sudah memenuhi kriteria untuk melanjutkan dalam pembuatan produk massal karena persentase dari setiap aspek sebesar 84,7% dengan kategori sangat layak. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran passing sepakbola (back passer) ini dapat digunakan sebagai media belajar passing sepakbola agar pembelajaran lebih efektif dan efisien.
Ensuring strategic sensitivity of knowledge–intensive industrial enterprises
Authors: Dulyasova M. V. , Morozov D. V. , Budantsev A. V.
Published: July 2021

The main trends in the development of high–tech industrial enterprises in theRussian Federation are considered. The structure of the system of interaction of a science–intensive industrial enterprise with the state and small business is proposed, which ensuresthe strategic stability of a certain «basic part» of their business processes and at the sametime, which allows, based on the use of the advantages of small business, to ensure highsensitivity of its activities in the implementation of strategic and operational plans.
Directions of socio—economic transformation of single—industry towns (on the example of the city of Kotovsk, Tambov region)
Authors: Yukhachev S. P. , Menshchikova V. I. , Talalaev D. D.
Published: July 2021

The article reveals the problems of socio–economic development of single– industry towns in Russia. The directions of socio–economic transformation of a monotown have been determined: formation of target documents for development; creation of zones of attraction for investors; diversification of production of the city–forming enterprise. It is concluded that the city of Kotovsk, as one of the monocities, needs to attract financial injections of small and large investors. At the same time, the successful implementation of all announced investment projects will have a positive impact on the diversification of the economy of a single–industry town, the growth of its tax base and the welfare of the population, as well as a decrease in the outflow of labor.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS AND IMPACT ON CONSUMERS – WITH A VIEW ON ROMANIAN CONSUMERS’ PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES RELATED TO AI
Authors: SANDA Emanuel
Published: July 2021

Artificial Intelligence based technologies are becoming more and more pervasive in people’s lives. Whether it takes the form of machine learning algorithms, Internet of Things smart devices, virtual assistants, chatbots, robots, AR/VR experiences, consumers are faced directly or indirectly, conscientiously or unconscientiously, with a variety of incarnations of what is generically called AI. The current debate surrounding AI seems to focus on a few major aspects related to this next technological breakthrough. Right from the start, there is intense discussion even around the definition of AI: what is and what is not AI, how broad of a definition can be applied, and which of the many current and envisaged applications are actually ‘intelligent’. Then, there is the critical issue of the use of consumers’ personal data and underlying privacy issues, as AI seems to be built and thrive on being fed enormous amounts of data of various kinds. And lastly, there seems to be increasing concern regarding the potential for AI to evolve into AGI (Artificial General Intelligence – independent self-reliant robots) and the threats this poses to humanity. A subject of potentially equal importance could be AI applications and implementations are impacting individuals’ lives and the manner in which people relate to, perceive and assess AI and the underlying current technologies, both in terms of the impact in their daily lives, as well as in terms of expected prospects for the future. This paper looks at the progress made so far in addressing some of the above questions and, by analyzing data from EU’s 2017 Eurobarometer study, attempts to reveal how various Romanian consumer segments perceive and relate to AI and current technologies. It identifies potential emerging inequalities from access, acceptance and usage of these technologies at present and in the future. The paper also sets out future directions for further understanding of the intricate relationship between human consumers and emerging AI tech, both in terms of benefits as well as potential threats.
JEL Classification: M30, M31, M39
CAPITALIZING THE TOURIST POTENTIAL IN CARAŞ-SEVERIN COUNTY AS A PREMISE FOR REGIONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: MANCIU Venera Cristina , DEMYEN Suzana
Published: July 2021

In the context when tourism has become a widespread phenomenon, there are many global concerns in this regard, with reference to the plans to protect the world’s cultural and natural assets, and to stimulate the sustainable development of this sector. Touristic, cultural and scientific bodies develop comprehensive strategies, initiating Conventions, drawing up plans and periodically preparing reports. Romania has a large number of tourist attractions, ranking 46th in the top based on this criterion, distinguishing itself also grace to the attractiveness of natural objectives, the total number of protected areas, the number of cultural objectives and the number of objectives in terms of oral and intangible heritage. Taking into account all these indicators, Romania may be proud of a vast touristic potential, which offers wonderful premises for starting a business in tourism, for the expansion of entrepreneurship and for the development of natural, cultural and anthropic resources. Each region and area of Romania has diverse and special particularities and characteristics, and we have to underscore their ability to become true business poles grace to the high level of their attractiveness, being capably of developing actual hospitality industries. The recognition of their existence and value obviously contributes to a very large extent to the promotion and inclusion of cultural objectives into various global rankings, actions that lead to an increased interest among tourists, and implicitly contribute to attracting a large number of visitors and generally have a significant media impact. In this respect, this paper highlights international and domestic coordinates related to the sizing and capitalization of tourism potential, analysing theoretical coordinates and statistical data. In addition, we also forward the results of a survey carried out in order to identify the prospects for capitalizing on the Romanian tourist heritage and the manner in which the highlighting of the Romanian touristic and cultural objectives can be a starting point for generating prosperous future business and can develop the business milieu in all areas, including in the regions experiencing a steep decline, like Caraş-Severin county.
JEL classification: Z32, L26
Is There A Way to Prevent Aging? A Study Using Metformin in Blood Sugar Levels and Serum Levels of IGF-1
Authors: Gama Arlina Wiyata , Santoso Arief , Yustisia Ika , Taslim Nurpudji Astuti , Idris Irfan , Wahid Isra
Published: July 2021

Aging is influenced by lifestyle, which one is by consuming excessive calories. In recent years there have been many studies on aging and age-related diseases, calorie restriction mimetic is one of them. Metformin is a calorie restriction mimetic that is attractive to gerontologists. This research analyzed the effect of metformin as a calorie restriction mimetic on fasting blood glucose and IGF-1 serum levels in old white male Wistar rats. This study conducted with an experimental study with a pre and post-test pattern with controlled group design on male rats (Rattus novergicus) Wistar strain which was divided into 3 groups, control group (K), the calorie restriction group (P1), and the metformin group (P2), 6 rats each group. Blood glucose levels were measured by a glucometer and serum IGF-1 levels were measured with an ELISA kit, where blood samples were taken from the tail of the rats. In general, the provision of metformin and calorie restriction tended to reduce blood glucose levels, but increased serum IGF-1 levels. There is a significant relationship between blood glucose levels and serum IGF-1 levels. It’s necessary to conduct further research to determine the effective dose and maximum dose of metformin to reduce blood glucose level and serum IG-1 levels which can be slow down the aging process.
Cikkismertetés: Mi a népegészségügy és a népegészségügyi rendszer meghatározása?
Authors: Vitrai József
Published: July 2021

Az egészséget meghatározó tényezők jelentőségének a 2000-es évek elején való felismerése az egészség holisztikus értelmezése felé való elmozdulást, valamint a népegészségügynek a lakosság egészségének javításában játszott szerepének fokozott elismerését okozta. Míg számos elméleti keret létezik az egészségügyi rendszer fogalmának meghatározására, addig a népegészségügyi rendszerre vonatkozóan nem találni kielégítő meghatározást. A tanulmány célja a népegészségügyi rendszer meghatározása valamint az egészségügyi ellátórendszer és a népegészségügyi rendszer közötti különbségek feltérképezése a mindkettőt magába foglaló egészségügyi rendszer elméleti keretein belül.
Cikkismertetés: Nagy kulturális tőke = normál testtömegindex?
Authors: Vitrai József
Published: July 2021

Az elhízásra hajlamosító élelmiszer-környezet, azaz az egészségkockázatot jelentő élelmiszerek hozzáférhetősége, megfizethetősége és láthatósága nem egyformán hat mindenkire. A társadalmi-gazdasági helyzet önmagában nem magyarázza azt a tényt, hogy az alacsonyabb státuszúak miért híznak el nagyobb eséllyel. A kulturális tőke, azaz az egyén kultúrához kapcsolódó erőforrásainak nagysága a tapasztalatok szerint általában alacsonyabb testtömeg-indexszel (TTI) jár együtt. A szerzők célja az volt, hogy meghatározzák és megvizsgálják a kulturális tőke azon jellemzőit, amelyek összefügghetnek a TTI-vel.
Cikkismertetés: A gyermekkori elhízás mostani megelőzése segíthet a következő járvány megfékezésében
Authors: Bíróné Asbóth Katalin
Published: July 2021

A COVID _19 járvány egyik jelentős felismerése, hogy az elhízás és ehhez kapcsolódó egyéb betegségek növelik a COVID_19 megbetegedés kockázatát, kimenetelének súlyosságát, halálozási esélyét is. A cikk arra keresi a választ, hogy milyen módon lehetne csökkenteni az elhízáshoz vezető egészség egyenlőtlenségeket, ezáltal megóvni gyermekeinket a jövőbeni népegészségügyi krízisektől?
Cikkismertetés: Gyökeres fordulatra van szükség a globális egészség terén?
Authors: Vitrai József
Published: July 2021

Milyen stratégiákat kell elfogadniuk a kormányoknak polgáraik egészségének javítása érdekében? A COVID-19 járvány közepette könnyű lenne a globális egészségügyi biztonságra összpontosítani – legalább az erős népegészségügyi és egészségügyi rendszerekre. A WHO globális egészségügyi stratégiáját három pillérre alapozta: a mindenkinek járó egészségbiztosítás, az egészségügyi vészhelyzetekre, valamint a jobb egészségre és jóllétre. A szilárd népegészségügy és az egészségügy nélkülözhetetlen elemei jól ismertek és számtalanszor megerősítették : megfelelő egészségügyi munkaerő; hatékony, biztonságos és magas színvonalú szolgáltatásnyújtás; egészséginformációs rendszerek; az alapvető gyógyszerekhez való hozzáférés; elegendő finanszírozás; és a jó irányítás. De vajon a globális egészségügy fókusza nem túl szűk? Az egészségügyi vezetők és az érintettek képviselői megfeledkeztek-e az emberi egészség legfontosabb meghatározóiról?
Cikkismertetés: A mentális jóllét és az elhízás kapcsolata
Authors: Devosa Iván
Published: July 2021

Jelen kutatás célja, hogy a kutatók megismerjék az elhízással élők pszichológiai, érzelmi és társadalmi tapasztalatait, valamint az egészségügyi szakemberek (dietetikusok, háziorvosok, ápolók) ezzel kapcsolatos nézeteit, véleményeit.
A Benchmark Generalization of Fuzzy Soft Ideals in Ordered Semigroups
Authors: Khan Faiz Muhammad , Leoreanu-Fotea Violeta , Saifullah  , Amanullah
Published: July 2021

In real life, variability and inaccuracy are always presentand must be calculated by either possibilistic, probabilistic, polymorphic or other uncertainty approach. This benchmark study is about to construct new types of fuzzy soft ideals i.e., (∈, ∈ ∨qk
)-FSR(L)Is of ordered semigroup(OSG). Based on this inception, fuzzy soft level subsets are defined which link ordinary ideals with (∈, ∈ ∨qk
)-fuzzy soft left(right) ideals. Some binary operations like ◦
λ
, intersection ∩
λ
and union of fuzzy soft sets ∪
λ
are given and various fundamental results of ideal theory are developed through these types of fuzzy soft ideals.
On weakly S-prime ideals of commutative rings
Authors: Almahdi Fuad Ali Ahmed , Bouba El Mehdi , Tamekkante Mohammed
Published: July 2021

Let R be a commutative ring with identity and S be a multiplicative subset of R. In this paper, we introduce the concept of weakly S-prime ideals which is a generalization of weakly prime ideals. Let P be an ideal of R disjoint with S. We say that P is a weakly S-prime ideal of R if there exists an s ∈ S such that, for all a, b ∈ R, if 0 ≠ ab ∈ P, then sa ∈ P or sb ∈ P. We show that weakly S-prime ideals have many analog properties to these of weakly prime ideals. We also use this new class of ideals to characterize S-Noetherian rings and S-principal ideal rings.
Sums and products of intervals in ordered semigroups
Authors: Glavosits T. , Karácsony Zs.
Published: July 2021

We show a simple example for ordered semigroup 𝕊 = 𝕊 (+,⩽) that 𝕊 ⊆ℝ (ℝ denotes the real line) and ]a, b[ + ]c, d[ = ]a + c, b + d[ for all a, b, c, d ∈ 𝕊 such that a < b and c < d, but the intervals are no translation invariant, that is, the equation c +]a, b[ = ]c + a, c + b[ is not always fulfilled for all elements a, b, c ∈ 𝕊 such that a < b.

The multiplicative version of the above example is shown too.

The product of open intervals in the ordered ring of all integers (denoted by ℤ) is also investigated. Let Ix
:= {1, 2, . . ., x} for all x ∈ ℤ+ and defined the function g : ℤ+ → ℤ+ by

g

(
x
)

:
=
max

{

y
∈

ℤ

+

|

I

y

⊆

I

x

⋅

I

x

}

g\left( x \right): = \max \left\{ {y \in {\mathbb{Z}_ + }|{I_y} \subseteq {I_x} \cdot {I_x}} \right\}

for all x ∈ ℤ+. We give the function g implicitly using the famous Theorem of Chebishev.

Finally, we formulate some questions concerning the above topics.
A Generalization of Archimedes’ Theorem on the Area of a Parabolic Segment
Authors: Grigoryan Armen , Ignaciuk Szymon , Parol Maciej
Published: July 2021

Archimedes’ well known theorem on the area of a parabolic segment says that this area is 4/3 of the area of a certain inscribed triangle. In this paper we generalize this theorem to the n-dimensional euclidean space, n ≥ 3. It appears that the ratio of the volume of an n-dimensional solid bounded by an (n − 1)-dimensional hyper-paraboloid and an (n − 1)-dimensional hyperplane and the volume of a certain inscribed cone (we analogously repeat Archimedes’ procedure) depends only on the dimension of the euclidean space and it equals to 2n/(n +1).
Differential privacy based classification model for mining medical data stream using adaptive random forest
Authors: Fatlawi Hayder K. , Kiss Attila
Published: July 2021

Most typical data mining techniques are developed based on training the batch data which makes the task of mining the data stream represent a significant challenge. On the other hand, providing a mechanism to perform data mining operations without revealing the patient’s identity has increasing importance in the data mining field. In this work, a classification model with differential privacy is proposed for mining the medical data stream using Adaptive Random Forest (ARF). The experimental results of applying the proposed model on four medical datasets show that ARF mostly has a more stable performance over the other six techniques.
On ordering of minimal energies in bicyclic signed graphs
Authors: Pirzada S. , Shamsher Tahir , Bhat Mushtaq A.
Published: July 2021

Let S = (G, σ) be a signed graph of order n and size m and let x1, x2, ..., xn be the eigenvalues of S. The energy of S is defined as

ɛ

(
S
)

=

∑

j
=
1

n

|

x

j

|

\varepsilon \left( S \right) = \sum\limits_{j = 1}^n {\left| {{x_j}} \right|}

. A connected signed graph is said to be bicyclic if m=n + 1. In this paper, we determine the bicyclic signed graphs with first 20 minimal energies for all n ≥ 30 and with first 16 minimal energies for all 17 ≤ n ≤ 29.
Fog-LAEEBA: Fog-assisted Link aware and energy efficient protocol for wireless body area network
Authors: Ullah Kifayat , Khan Haris
Published: July 2021

The integration of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and cloud computing brings several advantages. However, one of the main problems with the existing cloud solutions is the latency involved in accessing, storing, and processing data. This limits the use of cloud computing for various types of applications (for instance, patient health monitoring) that require real-time access and processing of data. To address the latency problem, we proposed a fog-assisted Link Aware and Energy E cient Protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks (Fog-LAEEBA). The proposed solution is based on the already developed state-of-the-art protocol called LAEEBA. We implement, test, evaluate and compare the results of Fog-LAEEBA in terms of stability period, end-to-end delay, throughput, residual energy, and path-loss. For the stability period all nodes in the LAEEBA protocol die after 7445 rounds, while in our case the last node dies after 9000 rounds. For the same number of rounds, the end-to-end delay is 2 seconds for LAEEBA and 1.25 seconds for Fog-LAEEBA. In terms of throughput, our proposed solution increases the number of packets received by the sink node from 1.5 packets to 1.8 packets. The residual energy of the nodes in Fog-LAEEBA is also less than the LAEEBA protocol. Finally, our proposed solution improves the path loss by 24 percent.
Studies on perchlorate levels in powdered infant formulas available on the Polish market
Authors: Nizinski Przemyslaw , Wisniewska Patrycja , Kulinowska Magdalena , Blazewicz Anna
Published: July 2021

Perchlorate has been acknowledged as a health threat due to its ability to interfere with iodine uptake by the thyroid gland. Infants and developing newborns have been considered as the most vulnerable groups to the perchlorate toxicity. A crucial source of perchlorate ingestion are powdered infant formulas. This study was designed to measure perchlorate content in thirty-one powdered infant formulas available on the Polish market. A rapid and sensitive ion chromatography method – conductivity cell detection – was applied to determine

ClO

4
−

{\rm{ClO}}_4^ -

content. Limit of detection (0.150 µg/L) and limit of quantification (0.450 µg/L) were assessed. Collected samples were classified by the age of consumers: first stage, until the baby is six months old and follow-on formula for older children. Geometric mean of perchlorate concentration of 1.041 µg/L and 0.857 µg/L in the groups of the first stage and follow-on formulas were calculated, respectively. A health risk assessment revealed that the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) for perchlorate (0.3 µg/kg body weight/day) was exceeded only in a few milk samples. The findings suggest that perchlorate contamination of powdered infant formulas may not to be an immediate health issue, yet testing for

ClO

4
−

{\rm{ClO}}_4^ -

should continuously be conducted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study concerning perchlorate content in infant formulas in Poland.
Histopathological nephrotoxic features of high oral doses of ubiquinone in rats
Authors: Abdullah Ali Ghanim , Sedeeq Ban Ismael , Azzubaidi Marwan Saad
Published: July 2021

Co-enzyme Q10 (Co-Q10) plays a key role in the cellular respiration for the production of ATP. The toxicity of quinones to the kidney appears to depend on variety of factors, including genetic polymorphisms and the individual’s comorbidites. The aim of the present study was to assess histologically the nephrotoxic effects of 6 weeks daily oral intake of Co-Q10 in experimental animals.

Twenty-five Wistar rats weighing between 220-270 g were randomly divided into two groups: experimental “treated” and control “untreated” groups (n=15, n=10, respectively). The animals of the experimental group received 300 mg/kg daily dose of gelatinous capsules of Co-Q10 by oral gavage for six weeks. At the end of the study, all animals were sacrificed under general anesthesia and samples of the kidneys were excised for microscopic histopathological assessment of renal tissue using stain. The experimental group showed a range of mild to severe dilatation of Bowman’s space, with a mean corpuscular diameter of 294±38 µm that was significantly higher (p <0.05) than that of the untreated control group 208±31 µm. Shrinkage to complete destruction of the glomeruli was observed in the experimental group only. The long-term use of high doses of Co-Q10 had revealed a selective nephrotoxicity towards podocytes. This might be a risk factor leading to renal proximal tubular necrosis in rats and the subsequent renal function deterioration.
Om Claude Marchant: Ett historiografiskt bidrag till svart danshistoria i Sverige
Authors: von Rosen Astrid
Published: July 2021

In this article, the concept of «black dance» is used as a critical tool to explore the lifelong dance achievements of the black dancer, choreographer and pedagogue Claude Marchant (1919–2004) in relation to history making. Marchant’s history in the US and to some extent in Europe from the 1930s to the 1960s is mapped and analysed, with the aim of better understanding his work in Sweden, and more specifically in Gothenburg. While Marchant is mentioned in previous dance historiographies, there are no in-depth explorations of his life and work. This exploration, therefore, complements both Swedish and international dance research, with an example that problematises history production in relation to black artists such as Marchant. It is argued that a participatory «dance-where-we-dig» method is a useful tool for instigating locally situated historiographical processes of change, and can relate artists such as Marchant to broader, transnational contexts.
The Impact of Internal Knowledge Sharing on Sales Department’s Innovativeness and New Product Commercialization
Authors: Ružić Erik , Benazić Dragan
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose: Innovativeness and new product commercialization are highly important for companies. Therefore, a deep understanding of the impact of all potentially influential drivers of success is critical. The purpose of the paper is to explore the impact of internal knowledge sharing on new product selling and sales innovativeness as well as the impact of empowerment on internal knowledge sharing and, indirectly, on new product selling and sales innovativeness.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The research encompassed 101 salespeople working at the top 1000 value added creators in Croatia. The questionnaire was developed and adapted using four scales, to assess internal knowledge sharing, new product selling, sales innovativeness, and empowerment. The data was analyzed by using the PLS-SEM method to examine the relationships between constructs.

Results: As evidenced by the survey results, internal knowledge sharing positively impacts new product selling and sales department’s innovativeness, and empowerment is positively linked to internal knowledge sharing and, indirectly, to new product selling and sales department’s innovativeness.

Conclusion: Managers should underpin different activities in order to enhance empowerment and internal knowledge sharing with the aim to affect companies’ performance in commercialization of a new product and sales department’s innovativeness. Future research could include moderator variables between the empowerment construct and the internal knowledge sharing construct and deepen the insight into the type of information shared, the dynamics of sharing and the barriers in the process, and other factors that positively affect knowledge sharing.
ЛАНДШАФТНЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ В ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ЖИЛОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА НАСЕЛЕНИЯ МАРИЙСКОГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ ВО II-I ТЫС. ДО Н.Э.
Authors: Воробьева Елена Евгеньевна
Published: July 2021

Статья направлена на изучение одного из наиболее актуальных вопросов в организации поселений II - нач. I тыс. до н.э. – природного ландшафта. Рельеф, наличие и близость водных ресурсов, климатические условия, видовой состав фауны, флора – все это оказывало существенное воздействие на все стороны жизни общества, прежде всего, на его хозяйственную деятельность, что приводило к выработке адаптивных механизмов, освоению новых территорий, организации поселенческого пространства. Иными словами, ландшафтные факторы были первостепенными в организации поселений. Статья представляет возможности такого анализа на примере поселений II-I тыс. до н.э., расположенных на территории Марийского Поволжья. Итогом исследования явились выводы автора о своеобразии организации поселений рассматриваемого периода на территории Марийского Поволжья. Установлено влияние ландшафтных факторов по таким основным критериям, как: топография поселений, отношение пола (основания) к древней поверхности, форма жилища, тип конструкции, строительный материал.
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Исаченко А.Г. Ландшафтоведение и физико-географическое районирование. М.: Высш. шкл., 1991. 366 с.
Никитин В.В. Медно-каменный век Марийского края (середина III – начала II тысячелетия до н.э.). Йошкар-Ола: МарНИИЯЛИ, 1991. 152 с.
Никитин В.В., Соловьев Б.С. Поселения и постройки Марийского Поволжья (эпоха камня и бронзы) / Труды МарАЭ. Т. VII. Йошкар-Ола: МарНИИЯЛИ, 2002. 162 с.
Халиков А.Х. Древняя история Среднего Поволжья. М.: Наука, 1969. 394 с.
Шнитников А.В. Изменчивость общей увлажненности материков северного полушария // Записки географического общества СССР. Т.16. М-Л., 1957. С.38.
Шнирельман В.А. Возникновение производящего хозяйства: проблема первичных и вторичных очагов. М.: Наука,1989. 444 с.
Algorithmisation as mathematical activity and skills in connection with mathematical modelling
Authors: Pyzara Anna
Published: July 2021

Good preparation of students to the profession of teacher is very important. In my research I focus on improving the quality of teacher's preparation at the university level, and through it at school level in the future. I present the proposal of teaching mathematics with the use of algorithmisation. It is possible, because solutions to many mathematical problems can be expressed in the form of an algorithm. The process of algorithmisation of mathematical issues is associated with various types of mathematical activities. Therefore algorithmisation of mathematical problems forces the students to perform various mathematical activities. This proposition deals with the problem of algorithmic computation of purely mathematical problems as well as those which deal with the problems of applying mathematics in everyday life. I consider algorithmisation as one of the forms of creating a mathematical model of a situation known from real world. Such interdisciplinary approach to teaching helps in developing students' skills better.
Obraz pojęcia ciągłości – wyniki badania przeprowadzonego wśród studentów
Authors: Borkowicz Barbara
Published: July 2021

This article addresses the issue of university students' images of the concept of continuity. The aim of the reported study was learn how the students understand continuity of a function and what kind of difficulties they experience when dealing with this concept. The author hopes that this report will help academic teachers to better understand students and their mistakes, and hence will facilitate academic teaching.
Źródła do historii działalności społeczności międzynarodowej wobec uchodźców i ludności przemieszczonej z Polski (do 1951 r.)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Sękowski Paweł
Published: July 2021

The aim of this text is to draw attention to the most important sources for the history of refugees and displaced people (the so-called DPs) from Poland in the first years after the Second World War, created in connection with the activities and aid action of the international community towards these categories of Poles (including Polish Jews). The framework review of the sources shows that there are many archives, including many materials, relating to a total of over a million Polish citizens who found themselves outside their country of origin as a result of hostilities or in the first years after the war. These sources testify to the fact that the international community did not forget about Poles when they were in need and constituted the most numerous national group among all DPs and refugees in Europe, during the functioning of the international organizations UNRRA (1943–1947) and IRO (1947–1951). Finally, many of these materials make very valuable sources for genealogical research.
Od kolebki do grobu, czyli źródła informacji biograficznej w Bibliotece Jagiellońskiej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Bułat Barbara
Published: July 2021

The aim of the article is to present selected types of printed sources of biographical information, showing that it is contained not only in biographical dictionaries. Various traces of human life can also be found in such publications as: parish books published in print; school management reports; lists of students or university graduates; lists of theses; address books of cities; telephone directories; street lists, publications about real estate owners; shematisms; lists of trade representatives; listings of business owners; industry directory books; activity reports or professional journals issued by organizations, associations or unions; spa guest lists; lists of participants in uprisings; lists of the injured; lists of repressed people; hourglasses, obituaries, mourning records; lists of personal losses from the years of war and occupation; cemetery guides. Selected examples of each of these types of sources show what kind of information they can contain. The second part of the article provides basic tips on how to search for such publications in the rich collections of the Jagiellonian Library, who and where can use the found materials.
Źródła do badań genealogicznych w zasobie Archiwum Państwowego Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau
Authors:   Stowarzyszenie Twoje Korzenie w Polsce, Szuster Gabriel
Published: July 2021

The text is an attempt to create a mini-guide for genealogists looking for information about people who were prisoners of the former Nazi and German death camp KL Auschwitz-Birkenau. The article presents the most important groups of documents that may be useful in genealogical research. In addition, the basic search methods are also presented: from an internet search engine and collective studies to archival sources.
Źródła do badań genealogicznych w zasobach archiwum Urzędu Miasta Krakowa
Authors:   Archiwum Urzędu Miasta Krakowa, Pasierbek Zbigniew
Published: July 2021

The Archives of the Krakow City Hall, located from 2018 in the new seat at Na Załęczu 2 has a collection of files of approximately 19,800 running meters. Among them are documents that are extremely helpful in conducting genealogical research. These include registration books, residents ‘registers, residents’ personal cards and ID envelopes with the records of issued identity cards. The collection of registration books is about 265 linear meters. The oldest of them come from the 1930s. The books were kept separately for individual buildings. They contain records regarding registration, residents’ personal data, information about the profession and position held, religion, nationality and attitude to military service. The registers of permanent residents, introduced in 1961, replaced the registration books. They were assumed separately for each apartment. They entered the real estate address, personal data of residents, the period of registration, the place of the previous registration and the place where the resident moved. In 1975 they were replaced by the Resident Personal Cards (KOM). The idea behind the Resident’s Personal Card was to assign it to a person, not an address. KOM included personal and registration data and, for the first time, the PESEL number. Successive addresses were entered on the card. The previous address of the resident was also entered. The collection of personal cards of residents has about 350 running meters. The set of evidence envelopes is an extremely valuable collection. By evidence envelopes, we mean all documentation related to the issuance of identity cards. The envelopes contain the name and surname of the owner, date of birth, PESEL number, series and number of the ID card. The envelopes contain old questionnaires, birth certificates, registration certificates, work certificates, photos and military documents. Old identity cards, such as pre-war ID cards and identity cards, have also been preserved. The documentation collected in the archive, consisting of registration books, registers, residents’ personal cards, and envelopes of ID cards, forms a collection of about 980 linear meters and is an excellent source for genealogical research, the more valuable that it is preserved in its entirety. The collected files have never been shredded, they are well preserved, organized and recorded.
Informacje biograficzne w zbiorach Studium Polski Podziemnej w Londynie
Authors:   Biuro Badań Historycznych Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, Trzeskowska-Kubasik Karolina
Published: July 2021

The Polish Underground Movement Study Trust in London is one of the most distinguished scientific and archival institutions in the West. It was founded by the leading soldiers of the Polish Underground State in February 1947. The article discusses individual archival collections deposited in the London institution. The Polish Underground Movement Study Trust contains a considerable amount of biographical documentation. It is characterized by great diversity and uniqueness. The article describes the characteristics of personal and property collections and teams: Verification Committees and BI Reports.
Księgi metrykalne miasta Wieliczki jako źródło do badań demograficznych i genealogicznych w okresie staropolskim
Authors:   Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie, Pieczara Jakub
Published: July 2021

The aim of the article is to present the Wieliczka record books. The source material is most often used for genealogical research, therefore the most important properties and research possibilities of record books are presented. These metrics have so far been used for in-depth scientific research by a small number of researchers. The most important information about the books and the content of the metrics will be presented. In addition, sources are presented that can supplement the information found in the records. In the last part of the work, we list – subjective – the most common threats from Wieliczka record books that people looking for their ancestors in Wieliczka will encounter.
Elementy biograficzno-genealogiczne w testamentach przełomu XVII i XVIII w.
Authors:   Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie, Popiołek Bożena
Published: July 2021

An in-depth analysis of egodocumentary sources, which include the will, hides a huge amount of information from the researchers, but the historian must take into account the fact that the information contained in the sources is incomplete, sometimes doubtful, and sometimes completely false and biased. This is due not only to the bad will of the testators, but also the conditions in which this type of documents was created and the purpose it was intended to serve. Despite assurances of good mental state, the moribund were sometimes unaware of the content of their writings, which, after their death, became an occasion to question the validity of the wills. It happened that the testers forgot to mention the name of the wife or husband, the order of relationships, the number of children, not to mention the knowledge about the fate of adult offspring with whom they did not maintain contact for various reasons. Hence, all biographical data taken from this type of sources requires checking and comparison with other available material.
Physicochemical Properties of Native and Heat Moisture Treated Starches of White and Red Cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) Varieties
Authors: Okunade Olukayode Adediran , Arinola Olanrewaju
Published: July 2021

White and red cocoyam starches were physically modified by heat moisture treatment at 16, 24 and 32 % moisture levels. The functional and pasting properties of the modified and native starches were evaluated using standard methods. The swelling power at 60oC, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, least gelation concentration, packed bulk density and loose bulk density of heat moisture treated white and red cocoyam starches ranged between 1.90 - 2.18 and 1.89 – 2.21; 1.00 – 1.80 ml/g and 0.80 – 1.60 ml/g; 1.40 – 1.80 ml/g and 1.20 – 1.40 ml/g; 8.00 – 10.00% and 8.00 – 10.00%; 0.51 – 0.62 g/ml and 0.54 – 0.64 g/ml; 0.41 – 0.51 g/ml and 0.43 – 0.53 g/ml respectively. For both white and red cocoyam starches, heat moisture treated starches at 16% moisture content level had the highest swelling power in the temperature range 60oC to 90oC; also starches treated at 32% moisture level had the highest water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, packed bulk density and loose bulk density. Red cocoyam native starch had higher peak, trough, breakdown, final and setback viscosity than white cocoyam starch. Heat moisture treatment generally increased the pasting properties of white cocoyam starch. The modification of red cocoyam starch at moisture levels of 16% and 24% reduced the pasting properties, however at higher moisture level, the pasting properties increased. These results suggest that moisture level of cocoyam starches influence their physicochemical properties during heat moisture modification; this will increase the array of food products in which the starches can be used.
Effect of Using Drone Brood Cells as Traps Against Varroa destructor (Varroa Mite)
Authors: Güneşdoğdu Mustafa , Şekeroğlu Ahmet , Tainika Brian
Published: July 2021

Today, the honeybee parasite Varroa destructor is thought to be the most dangerous creature in the beekeeping industry worldwide. In this study, the efficacy of using drone brood cells (known to have no residue concerns in bee products and harmless on bee health) as traps against V. destructor was investigated. A total of 16 honeybee (Apis mellıfera) colonies with V. destructor infestation percentage of less than 5% were used for the trial. The treatment group consisted of 8 colonies that were randomly assigned to molded drone comb (comb with 5.4 mm hexagonal cells). The other 8 were assigned to unmolded comb to form the control group. In the trial groups, after 20 days (from 10th May), all drone combs with complete pupation were removed and destroyed on 30th May, 20th June, 10th July, 30th July, and 20th August. During the trial, varroa mite infestation rate (mean abundance), colony development, and varroa mite preference for drone and work bee brood cells were determined. The results showed that the application of drone brood cells as a control method was statistically significant against V. destructor, and did not negatively affect colony development. On the other hand, V.destructor's preference for both drone and worker bee brood cells among the groups was not statistically significant. In conclusion, drone brood cells ensured an approximately 43% success rate as traps against V. destructor compared to the control group. The effective application of drone brood cells as traps in combination with other Varroa mite control methods should be investigated.
The financial and economic results and the potentialities of training and advanced courses for doctors, dispensing chemists, and interns under conditions of the health care system reformation
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Sichkoriz O.Ye.
Published: July 2021

Aim. to forecast the economic effect of potentialities of the Departments subordinated to the Faculty of Advanced (postgraduate) studies that deals with training of interns and tuition relating to advanced and re-training (refresher) courses for specialists. Materials and Methods. The research was carried out on the basis of actual indices of the Faculty of Advanced (postgraduate) studies at Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University during 2014-2018 years. The statistical methods, structural-and-logical analysis and systemic approach were used. Results and Discussion. The number of individuals who underwent (on contract terms) the primary specialization at the Departments subordinated to the Faculty of Advanced (postgraduate) studies with regard to 29 specialties was established. The financial income, 13 million 668 thousand and 74 hryvnyas, to the special fund for the first year of interns' education was forecast. The feasibility of this forecast may become valid if the maximum possible number of applicants to the internship will be enrolled (on contract terms) regarding the specialties of eligible type. As it is forecast, the largest amount of fees for the first year of studies (29,54%), will be provided by the interns-dentists, while the smallest share in the structure of income (20,01%) will be paid by the interns who are specialized in different surgical profiles. The education at the Advanced Courses and the re-training of the maximum possible number of students of the Faculty of Advanced (postgraduate) studies, on contract terms, will provide the maximum possible income, which is 10 million 826 thousand and 33 hryvnyas; 28,67% out of them are fees for the education from the students of surgery type; 42,01% are fees from the students of therapy type, and 29,32% are fees from the students of medico-prophylactic type, organization and management of Health Care and dispensing chemists. Conclusions. The computation of the maximal loading (amount of work) at the Departments dealing with the interns' training and advanced courses for doctors and dispensing chemists is of significant practical importance for the evaluation of the potentialities of the Departments subordinated to the Faculty of Advanced (postgraduate) studies as to conducting the primary specialization, advanced courses, and re-training of specialists. This is imposed in the finances as well, primarily in the money receipts from interns' training and advanced courses and re-training of specialists on contract terms (at the expense of natural and juridical persons)
Quality assessment of medical care according to data of annual reports (as exemplified by Urology Department of Municipal Non-profit Enterprise "Lviv Clinical Emergency Hospital")
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacotherapy and Medical Standardization, Zimenkovsky A.B. , Gutor T.G. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Department of Social Medicine, Economics and Organization of Health Care, Lesniak O.M. ,   Municipal Non-profit Enterprise "Lviv Clinical Emergency Hospital"
Published: July 2021

Aim. The medical care quality remains one of the most pressing issues of the health care system, especially at the stage of reforming of the medical sector. Medical-statistical information comprising reporting forms is the basis for analyzing the status of medical care quality and incorporating management decisions to improve it. Material and Methods. The study was performed by the means of analysis of the annual reports of the Urology Department of Municipal Non-profit Enterprise "Lviv Clinical Emergency Hospital" over a ten-year period: from 2010 to 2019. Statistical analysis included the analysis of average and relative values, as well as the calculation of indicators of the dynamic range: growth rate and absolute increase. Results and Discussion. Analysis of the use of bed stock of the Urology Department of MNELCEH during 2010-2019 showed that the average quantity of inpatient days is 251.12-340.18 days per year. Inpatient turnover was in the range of 30.28-36.55 patients per year. The indicator of surgical activity increased by 5.4 percentage points (from 33.0% in 2010 to 38.4% in 2019). There was also a positive tendency of decrease of the duration of post-surgery stay of patients at the inpatient department of the Urology Department (from 9.25 in 2010 to 8.55 in 2019). During the study period of 2010-2019, the ratio of post-surgical complications remained relatively stable and did not exceed 5.1% (the indicator is in the range of 4.38% -5.09%). The analysis of the total mortality among all treated patients was in the range of 0.06%-0.65%. Conclusion. The indicators analyzed in the annual reports make it possible to identify the main problematic issues in the work of the department. In order to provide professional specialized care, quality and rational use of property and human resources, algorithms should be developed to increase treatment of patients with malignant tumors and urolithiasis at the department, as in recent years we could observe an outflow of patients with these diagnoses to other healthcare establishments. There is a need for individual analysis of the causes of post-surgical complications and mortality. These issues can be resolved by introducing clinical audit into the work of the department