bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integriertes Deckensystem für den Stahl‐ und Verbundbau
Authors: Kopp Maik , Christou Georgios , Stark Alexander , Hegger Josef , Feldmann Markus
Published: February 2018

Im Rahmen des AiF‐Forschungsvorhabens 18658 N [1] wurde das integrierte Stahl‐Verbunddeckensystem InaDeck [2] hinsichtlich seiner Praxisreife weiterentwickelt. Das Deckensystem als Ausgangsbasis zeichnet sich durch große Spannweiten und die im Deckenhohlraum integrierte Gebäudetechnik aus. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes wurden einerseits die einzelnen Deckenelemente hinsichtlich Tragfähigkeit, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Ressourceninanspruchnahme optimiert, andererseits wurde die Einbindung des Deckensystems in das Gesamttragwerk entwickelt. Das Tragverhalten der optimierten Deckenelemente wurde in experimentellen und theoretischen Untersuchungen erforscht. Hierbei wurden einerseits die lokalen Tragmechanismen der Verbundmittel im Stegöffnungsbereich und andererseits die Einflüsse einer kombinierten Quer‐ und Längsbiegebeanspruchung im Deckenelement untersucht. Zudem wurde das Schwingungsverhalten der leichten Verbunddecke analysiert. Dieser Artikel fasst die wesentlichen Ergebnisse des Forschungsvorhabens zusammen.
Einfluss der Digitalisierung auf die Kommunikation und Kooperation in der Stahlbauausführung
Authors: Karl Christian K. , Spengler Arnim J.
Published: February 2018

In vielen Industriebereichen hat die Digitalisierung bereits die Produktivität und Qualität steigern können. Durch die zunehmende Digitalisierung im Kontext von Industrie 4.0 und der aktuell steigenden Verbreitung des Building Information Modeling (BIM) in der Bauwirtschaft sowie den stetig wachsenden technischen Möglichkeiten, insbesondere der Rechenleistung und der Speicherkapazität, wird auch die Bauausführung im Stahlbau zunehmend beeinflusst. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, einen Impuls zu geben für eine disziplinübergreifende Diskussion über den Einfluss der Digitalisierung in der Stahlbauausführung, insbesondere hinsichtlich Kommunikation und Kooperation. Basierend auf den verschiedenen Formen der Zusammenarbeit werden generelle Anforderungen an Kommunikation und Kooperation innerhalb ausgewählter Stahlbauprozesse wie auch darin involvierten Rollen vorgestellt. Anhand eines von den Autoren erstellten wissensorientierten Kommunikationsmodells wird in angemessener Kürze dargestellt, in welcher Art und Weise die Kommunikation als auch die Informations‐ bzw. Wissensgenerierung und ‐organisation durch die Digitalisierung beeinflusst sein kann. Daneben werden ebenso Kommunikations‐ bzw. Interaktionsmuster mit/von/durch Maschinen thematisiert, welche in Zukunft eine immer höhere Relevanz erhalten werden. Schließlich werden Empfehlungen gegeben für die digitale Transformation im Unternehmen.
Computational design in the building industry – Three key drivers for effectively applying computational design in the building industry
Authors: Huijben Frank , van der Ploeg Chris
Published: February 2018

Computational Design in der Bauindustrie – Drei Schlüsselfaktoren für die effektive Anwendung von Computational Design in der Bauindustrie. Die „intelligenten” digitalen Technologien von heute helfen uns, die steigenden Anforderungen an die integrale Gebäudeleistung effizienter einzuhalten, gleichzeitig höhere Standards zu erfüllen und wertvolle Erkenntnisse über die Folgen von Designänderungen zu gewinnen. Die Einführung computergestützter Designtechnologien im Bauprozess ergibt sich oft direkt aus einer zeit‐ und geldorientierten Perspektive, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der punktuellen Verbesserung der Unternehmenseffizienz liegt. Für die effiziente Nutzung von Computational Design in der Bauindustrie spielen drei Schlüsselfaktoren eine Rolle: die Notwendigkeit effektiverer und effizienterer Prozesse, die Verfügbarkeit neuer Technologien und höhere Ansprüche an die integrale Gebäudeleistung. Diese Schlüsselfaktoren werden im Folgenden anhand von Beispielen aus der Praxis veranschaulicht. Angesichts der zahlreichen neuen Techniken, die für den gesamten Bauprozess verfügbar sind, besteht die neue Herausforderung darin, die „punktuellen Verbesserungen” so miteinander zu verknüpfen, dass sich Synergieeffekte nutzen und möglicherweise neue Designmethoden und Bauprozesse entwickeln lassen. Digitale Technologien werden die Bauindustrie dazu zwingen, Prozesse zu überdenken, neue Beziehungen herzustellen und neue Geschäftsmodelle zu entwickeln, um die langfristige Lebensfähigkeit von Konstruktions‐ und Beratungsunternehmen im Klima des Performance‐driven Designs zu gewährleisten.
Lateral torsional buckling design imperfections for use in non‐linear FEA
Authors: Snijder H.H. , van der Aa R.P. , Hofmeyer H. , van Hove B.W.E.M.
Published: February 2018

To perform geometrically and materially non‐linear analyses including imperfections for steel beam lateral torsional buckling, the size and shape of the geometric imperfection can be taken from EN 1993‐1‐1. The shape is prescribed as an initial bow along the weak axis of the section, excluding torsion of the cross‐section. Alternatively the shape of the imperfection can be taken equal to the lateral torsional buckling mode, including torsion. Several tables and formulae exist for the determination of the size of the imperfection. In this article, different imperfection approaches are presented for finite element simulations to evaluate lateral torsional non‐linear buckling resistances and to compare these to results obtained with design rules. Based on the comparisons made, the article concludes with a proposal for design imperfections to be used in non‐linear Finite Element Analyses (FEA) for lateral torsional buckling of beams.
2D Nanostructured Metal Hydroxides with Gene Delivery and Theranostic Functions; A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Choi Goeun , Eom Sairan , Vinu Ajayan , Choy Jin‐Ho
Published: February 2018

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with two dimensional structure have been attracted considerable interest in exploring new intercalative nanohybrids, such as inorganic‐LDHs, organic‐LDHs and bio‐LDHs ones, which often exhibit extraordinarily synergetic effects and complementary performances. More recently, bio‐related nanotechnology becomes one of the most essential research field in the viewpoint of the health and safety of human being. In this regard, LDHs have been focused as an important inorganic material for gene and drug delivery carriers with imaging and targeting functions. In the present review, an attempt has been made to describe gene delivery systems based on LDH nanoparticles in terms of synthetic routes of gene‐LDH nanohybrids, their physico‐chemical properties, intercellular uptake mechanisms, intracellular trafficking pathways and drug resistance, and passive and active targeting functions in in‐vitro and in‐vivo, and finally imaging functions. And recent studies of gene‐therapies with LDHs are also discussed from the viewpoint of state‐of‐the‐art nanohybrids technology.
Development of an affordable and easy‐to‐install fall detection system
Authors: Güttler Jörg , Bittner Andreas , Langosch Katharina , Bock Thomas , Mitsukura Yasue
Published: February 2018

Falling, especially in old age, is a serious health threat. Depending on the severity of such accidents, risk of injury, and the helpless state of the elderly and infirm persons, it is difficult to impossible for the concerned persons to call for help. This kind of situation and its associated perceptions already cause anxiety. There is, therefore, much interest in fall detection for persons in need of care and caregivers as these systems promise security and help when needed, and they also provide a feeling of safety. However, modern fall detection systems are mostly wearables or are expensive in their implementation. As such, this paper focuses on a novel approach to fall detection, developed in two iterative main cycles and finally implemented in a real apartment for testing purposes. The proposed fall detection aims to be installed into the baseboard of a room, which allows an easy and cost‐effective integration of the proposed system. Especially in rooms like the bathroom, where discretion is very important, the proposed system benefits from its use of light barriers instead of image recognition to identify a fallen person. Additionally, the collected data can be wirelessly transmitted to a server via a gateway using XBee modules and Wi‐Fi. The latest developments of the fall detection prototype, including the hardware and software implementation, will be presented in this paper, and its strength and weak points will also be discussed. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Molecular detection of Ehrlichia canis in dogs from three districts in Punjab (Pakistan)
Authors: Malik Muhammad I. , Qamar Muhammad , Ain Quratul , Hussain Malik F. , Dahmani Mustapha , Ayaz Mazhar , Mahmood Asim K. , Davoust Bernard , Shaikh Rehan S. , Iqbal Furhan
Published: February 2018

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is a tick‐borne disease caused by an intracellular alpha‐proteobacterium, Ehrlichia canis, which replicates within mononuclear cells in the host. This study was designed to use a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for the molecular detection of E. canis by the amplification of a portion of its 16S rRNA gene, as well as the effects of this alpha‐proteobacterium on the haematological parameters of the sampled dogs and the risk factors associated with E. canis infection. A total of 151 blood samples were collected from dogs of various breeds at three sampling sites (Lahore, Rawalpindi/Islamabad and Multan) in Punjab, Pakistan. Data regarding the epidemiological factors (including age, gender, breed, body temperature, deworming, vaccination, mucous membrane status, hydration status, the presence of haematuria and tick infestation) were collected through a questionnaire at the time of sample collection. A 400 bp DNA fragment of the 16S rRNA gene of E. canis was amplified from 42 dog blood samples (28% of the total), [Lahore (N = 24), Rawalpindi/Islamabad (N = 13) and Multan (N = 05)] through PCR. Data analysis revealed that the character of the animals (age, sex and breed) had no significant association (P > 0.05) with the presence of E. canis. Various haematological parameters were also compared, and the results revealed that all of the parameters remained unaffected, except significantly lower white blood cell counts (P = 0.004) in E. canis‐positive blood samples, as compared with the control group. We concluded that this is the first molecular confirmation of canine infection by E. canis using PCR. Moreover, no specific epidemiological parameter was found associated with the prevalence of E. canis in dogs.
Viral‐based nanomaterials for plasmonic and photonic materials and devices
Authors: Petrescu Dan Stefan , Blum Amy Szuchmacher
Published: February 2018

Over the last decade, viruses have established themselves as a powerful tool in nanotechnology. Their proteinaceous capsids benefit from biocompatibility, chemical addressability, and a variety of sizes and geometries, while their ability to encapsulate, scaffold, and self‐assemble enables their use for a wide array of purposes. Moreover, the scaling up of viral‐based nanotechnologies is facilitated by high capsid production yield and speed, which is particularly advantageous when compared with slower and costlier lithographic techniques. These features enable the bottom‐up fabrication of photonic and plasmonic materials, which relies on the precise arrangement of photoactive material at the nanoscale to control phenomena such as electromagnetic wave propagation and energy transfer. The interdisciplinary approach required for the fabrication of such materials combines techniques from the life sciences and device engineering, thus promoting innovative research. Materials with applications spanning the fields of sensing (biological, chemical, and physical sensors), nanomedicine (cellular imaging, drug delivery, phototherapy), energy transfer and conversion (solar cells, light harvesting, photocatalysis), metamaterials (negative refraction, artificial magnetism, near‐field amplification), and nanoparticle synthesis are considered with exclusive emphasis on viral capsids and protein cages.

This article is categorized under:

Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus‐Based Structures
Green's function and pointwise estimate for a generalized Poisson‐Nernst‐Planck‐Navier‐Stokes model in dimension three
Authors: Wu Zhigang , Wang Weike
Published: February 2018

The Cauchy's problem of the generalized Poisson‐Nernst‐Planck‐Navier‐Stokes model in dimension three is considered. First, after dividing the physical domain into two parts: finite Mach number region and outside finite Mach number region, we give pointwise estimates of the Green's function by using long‐wave short‐wave decomposition and weighted energy estimate method in each region separately. Then from Duhamel's principle and some estimates on the nonlinear interactions between different wave patterns, we give the pointwise estimates of the solution for the nonlinear problem –, which exhibit generalized Huygens' principle for mass density, macroscopic momentum, negative charge distribution and positive charge distribution. As a byproduct, we find that the decay rates in () for both negative charge distribution and positive charge distribution are faster than those for the mass density ρ and the macroscopic momentum. More importantly, we obtained both electrostatic potential and the difference between negative charge distribution and positive charge distribution have the exponential decay rate in ‐norm when .
Segmentectomy Versus Lobectomy for Radiologically Pure Solid Clinical T1a‐bN0M0 Lung Cancer
Authors: Tsubokawa Norifumi , Tsutani Yasuhiro , Miyata Yoshihiro , Handa Yoshinori , Misumi Keizo , Hanaki Hideaki , Hida Eisuke , Okada Morihito
Published: February 2018

Background

Segmentectomy for radiologically pure solid tumors is still controversial because these tumors are more aggressive in malignancy than those with ground‐glass opacity. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of intentional segmentectomy for pure solid small‐sized lung cancer.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 96 radiologically pure solid tumors in clinical T1a‐bN0M0 lung cancer. Patients whose tumor was located at a central region or right middle lobe were excluded. Forty‐four patients who underwent lobectomy were compared with 52 those who underwent segmentectomy. Segmentectomy got converted to lobectomy if lymph node metastases or inadequate surgical margin was confirmed. Factors affecting survival were assessed using Cox regression. Propensity score stratification analysis was also performed.

Results

Eight patients (8%) were identified as a histological type other than adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, 14 patients (14%) displayed lymph node metastasis. Among those who underwent segmentectomy, nine patients (16%) were converted to lobectomy due to lymph node metastasis or inadequate surgical margin. The 3‐year recurrence‐free survival rates were 84.1 and 82.2% in patients who underwent segmentectomy and lobectomy, respectively (P = 0.745). In addition, the recurrence‐free survival was not statistically significant between segmentectomy and lobectomy, as determined via multivariable Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio 1.11; 95% confidence interval 0.40–3.06), even after propensity score stratification (hazard ratio 1.17; 95% confidence interval 0.38–3.65).

Conclusions

Segmentectomy with intraoperative assessment of lymph node metastasis and adequate surgical margin may be a feasible surgical procedure for pure solid tumors in clinical T1a‐bN0M0 lung cancer.
The Effect of Preoperative Pneumonia on Postsurgical Mortality and Morbidity: A NSQIP Analysis
Authors: Jamali Sarah , Dagher Michael , Bilani Nadeem , Mailhac Aurelie , Habbal Mohamad , Zeineldine Salah , Tamim Hani
Published: February 2018

Background

Currently, only indirect evidence suggests that preoperative pneumonia is a significant risk factor for poor postsurgical outcomes. Although this relationship is clinically intuitive, this is the first study that aims to quantify the extent to which pneumonia impacts morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of preoperative pneumonia on 30‐day mortality and morbidity among both elective and emergency surgical patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using 2008–2012 data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Patients with preoperative pneumonia were matched to controls without preoperative pneumonia. Patient demographics and postoperative outcomes were extracted from the database, including 30‐day mortality, specific morbidities (wound, cardiac, respiratory, urinary, central nervous system, thromboembolism and sepsis), composite morbidity, number of blood transfusions and number of patients that returned to the OR. Mortality and composite morbidity were further stratified.

Results

We obtained data for 137,174 patients, of whom 6933 (0.50%) had preoperative pneumonia. Overall, 6111 were successfully matched to 24,444 patients with no pneumonia. Postoperative mortality and composite morbidity were both higher in patients with pneumonia than in those without pneumonia, with an odds ratio of 1.37 (95% CI 1.26–1.48) and 1.68 (95% CI 1.58–1.79), respectively.

Conclusion

Preoperative pneumonia significantly increased the rate of postoperative morbidity and mortality across several surgical settings and patient groups. It is our recommendation that elective surgery be delayed until after the pneumonia resolves.
Correction to: Does Surgery Without Lugol’s Solution Pretreatment for Graves’ Disease Increase Surgical Morbidity?
Authors: Mercier Frederic , Bonal Mathieu , Fanget Florian , Maillard Laure , Laplace Nathalie , Peix Jean‐Louis , Lifante Jean‐Christophe
Published: February 2018

In the original article, Mathieu Bonal’s last name was spelled incorrectly. It is correct as reflected here. The original article has also been updated.
Biochemical markers and neuropsychological functioning in distal urea cycle disorders
Authors: Waisbren Susan E. , Cuthbertson David , Burgard Peter , Holbert Amy , McCarter Robert , Cederbaum Stephen ,   Members of the Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium
Published: February 2018

Urea cycle disorders often present as devastating metabolic conditions, resulting in high mortality and significant neuropsychological damage, despite treatment. The Urea Cycle Disorders Longitudinal Study is a natural history study that collects data from regular clinical follow‐up and neuropsychological testing. This report examines links between biochemical markers (ammonia, glutamine, arginine, citrulline) and primary neuropsychological endpoints in three distal disorders, argininosuccinic acid synthetase deficiency (ASD or citrullinemia type I), argininosuccinic acid lyase deficiency (ASA or ALD), and arginase deficiency (ARGD). Laboratory results and test scores from neuropsychological evaluations were assessed in 145 study participants, ages 3 years and older, with ASD (n = 64), ASA (n = 65) and ARGD (n = 16). Mean full scale IQ was below the population mean of 100 ± 15 for all groups: (ASD = 79 ± 24; ASA = 71 ± 21; ARGD = 65 ± 19). The greatest deficits were noted in visual performance and motor skills for all groups. While ammonia levels remain prominent as prognostic biomarkers, other biomarkers may be equally valuable as correlates of neuropsychological functioning. Cumulative exposure to the biomarkers included in the study proved to be highly sensitive indicators of neuropsychological outcomes, even when below the cut‐off levels generally considered toxic. Blood levels of biomarkers obtained on the day of neuropsychological evaluations were not correlated with measures of functioning for any disorder in any domain. The importance of cumulative exposure supports early identification and confirms the need for well‐controlled management of all biochemical abnormalities (and not just ammonia) that occur in urea cycle disorders.
Microstructural Characterization of the Heat-Affected Zones in Grade 92 Steel Welds: Double-Pass and Multipass Welds
Authors: Xu X. , West G. D. , Siefert J. A. , Parker J. D. , Thomson R. C.
Published: February 2018

The microstructure in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of multipass welds typical of those used in power plants and made from 9 wt pct chromium martensitic Grade 92 steel is complex. Therefore, there is a need for systematic microstructural investigations to define the different regions of the microstructure across the HAZ of Grade 92 steel welds manufactured using the traditional arc welding processes in order to understand possible failure mechanisms after long-term service. In this study, the microstructure in the HAZ of an as-fabricated two-pass bead-on-plate weld on a parent metal of Grade 92 steel has been systematically investigated and compared to a complex, multipass thick section weldment using an extensive range of electron and ion-microscopy-based techniques. A dilatometer has been used to apply controlled thermal cycles to simulate the microstructures in distinctly different regions in a multipass HAZ using sequential thermal cycles. A wide range of microstructural properties in the simulated materials were characterized and compared with the experimental observations from the weld HAZ. It has been found that the microstructure in the HAZ can be categorized by a combination of sequential thermal cycles experienced by the different zones within the complex weld metal, using the terminology developed for these regions based on a simpler, single-pass bead-on-plate weld, categorized as complete transformation, partial transformation, and overtempered.
Non‐orthodontic intervention and non‐nutritive sucking behaviours: A literature review
Authors: Tanny Liyana , Huang Boyen , Naung Noel Ye , Currie Geoffrey
Published: February 2018

Anterior open bite (AOB) is one of the most complex malocclusions to manage. AOB is caused by either by skeletal, genetic or environmental factors. Numerous treatment options are currently utilised to manage AOB. These vary from non‐invasive behavioural shaping to orthodontic and surgical interventions. This paper reviews the available orthodontic and non‐orthodontic interventions used in the management of AOB. The literature review was carried out using the PubMed search engine from the first of January 2000 to the first of June 2017. Two major keywords (open bite and anterior open bite) were used in addition to 23 minor keywords in the review. AOB is one of the most complex malocclusions to treat with high relapse rates. Long term outcome in treatments of patients with AOB was substantially low. Relapse rates were not taken into consideration for some of the literature reviewed. Despite limitations of the literature, it is recommended that orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) and non‐orthodontic intervention (NOI) be used in conjunction as an effective treatment option for Anterior Open Bite.
Ultrasound‐Guided Percutaneous Needle Tenotomy for Chronic Tensor Fascia Lata Tendinopathy: A Case Series and Description of Sonographic Findings
Authors: Bradberry David M. , Sussman Walter I. , Mautner Kenneth R.
Published: February 2018

Proximal tensor fascia lata tendinopathy at its origin on the anterior superior iliac crest is one potential cause of lateral hip pain. However, there is limited literature regarding the mechanism, disease course, or management of this condition. There is growing evidence supporting the effective treatment of percutaneous needle tenotomy (PNT) for chronic tendinopathy. Only a single case series has examined the efficacy of PNT for tendinopathy about the hip and pelvis. Presented here are examples of 2 cases of chronic recalcitrant proximal ultrasound confirmed tensor fascia lata (tendinopathy effectively treated with ultrasound‐guided PNT.

Level of Evidence

IV
Personal Ideals as Metaphors
Authors: RIGGLE NICK
Published: February 2018

What is it to have and act on a personal ideal? Someone who aspires to be a philosopher might imaginatively think ‘I am a philosopher’ by way of motivating herself to think hard about a philosophical question. But doing so seems to require her to act on an inaccurate self-description, given that she is not yet what she regards herself as being. J. David Velleman develops the thought that action-by-ideal involves a kind of fictional self-conception. My aim is to expand our thinking about personal ideals by developing another way of understanding them. On this view action-by-ideal involves a kind of metaphorical self-conception. I investigate some salient differences between these views with the aim of understanding the different perspectives they take on the rationality of action-by-ideal. Where the fiction view runs into problems of literary coherence, the metaphor view exploits the richness of poetic invention. But action-by-ideal is a complex phenomenon about which there may be no tidy story to be told. This paper is an attempt to clarify and understand more of this messy terrain.
Finite Element Analysis of 2-D Structures by New Strain Based Triangular Element
Authors: Rebiai C.
Published: February 2018

In this investigation, a new simple triangular strain based membrane element with drilling rotation for 2-D structures analysis is proposed. This new numerical model can be used for linear and dynamic analysis. The triangular element is named SBTE and it has three nodes with three degrees of freedom at each node. The displacements field of this element is based on the assumed functions for the various strains satisfying the compatibility equations. This developed element passed both patch and benchmark tests in the case of bending and shear problems. For the dynamic analysis, lumped mass with implicit/explicit time integration are employed. The obtained numerical results using the developed element converge toward the analytical and numerical solutions in both analyses.
ON MAXIMAL STABLE QUOTIENTS OF DEFINABLE GROUPS IN NIP THEORIES
Authors: HASKEL MIKE , PILLAY ANAND
Published: February 2018

For G a group definable in a saturated model of a NIP theory T, we prove that there is a smallest type-definable subgroup H of G such that the quotient G / H is stable. This generalizes the existence of G00, the smallest type-definable subgroup of G of bounded index.
Variations on a Japanese Temple theorem
Authors: Silvester John R.
Published: February 2018

The following Japanese Temple geometry theorem appears in Fukagawa and Rigby [1]:

Thoerem 1: The products of the radii of the excircles on each pair of opposite sides of a circumscribed quadrilateral are equal.

See Figure 1. A circumscribed quadrilateral (also called a tangential quadrilateral) is one that possesses an inscribed circle. Now the diagram contains four lines (the sides of the quadrilateral) and one circle S (the inscribed circle) that touches all four of them; this we call the base circle of the theorem. The other four circles each touch just three of the lines. For the moment, assume no two of these lines are parallel, and also assume that no circle apart from S touches all four lines; the exceptional cases will be discussed in Section 4. So any three of the lines are sides of a triangle.
Influence of food availability on mate-guarding behaviour of ladybirds
Authors: Chaudhary D.D. , Mishra G. , Omkar
Published: February 2018

A recent study on ladybird,Menochilus sexmaculatus(Fabricius) demonstrates that males perform post-copulatory mate guarding in the form of prolonged mating durations. We investigated whether food resource fluctuation affects pre- and post-copulatory behaviour ofM. sexmaculatus. It has not been studied before in ladybirds. For this, adults were subjected to prey resource fluctuations sequentially at three levels: post-emergence (Poe; 10 days), pre-mating (Prm; 24 h) and post-mating (Pom; 5 days; only female). The food resource conditions at each level could be any one of scarce, optimal or abundant. Pre-copulatory and post-copulatory behaviour, and reproductive output were assessed. Post-emergence and pre-mating nutrient conditions significantly influenced the pre-copulatory behaviour. Males reared on scarce post-emergence conditions were found to require significantly higher number of mating attempts to establish mating unlike males in the other two food conditions. Under scarce post-emergence and pre-mating conditions, time to commencement of mating and latent period were high but opposite result was obtained for mate-guarding duration. Fecundity and per cent egg viability were more influenced by post-mating conditions, with scarce conditions stopping oviposition regardless of pre-mating and post-emergence conditions. Present results indicate that pre- and post-copulatory behaviour of ladybird is plastic in nature in response to food resource fluctuations.
Free and Properly Discontinuous Actions of Groups on Homotopy 2n-spheres
Authors: Golasiński Marek , Gonçalves Daciberg Lima , Jimenez Rolando
Published: February 2018

Let G be a group acting freely, properly discontinuously and cellularly on some finite dimensional CW-complex Σ(2n) which has the homotopy type of the 2n-sphere 𝕊2n. Then, that action induces a homomorphism G → Aut(H2n(Σ(2n))). We classify all pairs (G, φ), where G is a virtually cyclic group and φ: G → Aut(ℤ) is a homomorphism, which are realizable in the way above and the homotopy types of all possible orbit spaces as well. Next, we consider the family of all groups which have virtual cohomological dimension one and which act on some Σ(2n). Those groups consist of free groups and semi-direct products F ⋊ ℤ2 with F a free group. For a group G from the family above and a homomorphism φ: G → Aut(ℤ), we present an algebraic criterion equivalent to the realizability of the pair (G, φ). It turns out that any realizable pair can be realized on some Σ(2n) with dim Σ(2n) ≤ 2n + 1.
Sedimentological architecture, shelf-edge trajectories and evolution of an Oligocene reservoir, East Nile Delta – CORRIGENDUM
Authors: SELIM S. S.
Published: February 2018

The author apologizes that the FirstView publication of this article (Selim, 2016) included a figure (Fig. 12) for which permission had not been granted by the owners, Dana Gas PJSC.

The article has been recast, replacing the original Fig. 12 with a new version.
The pre-orogenic detrital zircon record of the Peri-Gondwanan crust
Authors: STEPHAN TOBIAS , KRONER UWE , ROMER ROLF L.
Published: February 2018

We present a statistical approach to data mining and quantitatively evaluating detrital age spectra for sedimentary provenance analyses and palaeogeographic reconstructions. Multidimensional scaling coupled with density-based clustering allows the objective identification of provenance end-member populations and sedimentary mixing processes for a composite crust. We compiled 58 601 detrital zircon U–Pb ages from 770 Precambrian to Lower Palaeozoic shelf sedimentary rocks from 160 publications and applied statistical provenance analysis for the Peri-Gondwanan crust north of Africa and the adjacent areas. We have filtered the dataset to reduce the age spectra to the provenance signal, and compared the signal with age patterns of potential source regions. In terms of provenance, our results reveal three distinct areas, namely the Avalonian, West African and East African–Arabian zircon provinces. Except for the Rheic Ocean separating the Avalonian Zircon Province from Gondwana, the statistical analysis provides no evidence for the existence of additional oceanic lithosphere. This implies a vast and contiguous Peri-Gondwanan shelf south of the Rheic Ocean that is supplied by two contrasting super-fan systems, reflected in the zircon provinces of West Africa and East Africa–Arabia.
Children with ADHD symptoms show deficits in reactive but not proactive inhibition, irrespective of their formal diagnosis
Authors: van Hulst Branko M. , de Zeeuw Patrick , Vlaskamp Chantal , Rijks Yvonne , Zandbelt Bram B. , Durston Sarah
Published: February 2018

Background

Attenuated inhibitory control is one of the most robust findings in the neuropsychology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, it is unclear whether this represents a deficit in outright stopping (reactive inhibition), whether it relates to a deficit in anticipatory response slowing (proactive inhibition), or both. In addition, children with other development disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), often have symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity similar to children with ADHD. These may relate to similar underlying changes in inhibitory processing.

Methods

In this study, we used a modified stop-signal task to dissociate reactive and proactive inhibition. We included not only children with ADHD, but also children primarily diagnosed with an ASD and high parent-rated levels of ADHD symptoms.

Results

We replicated the well-documented finding of attenuated reactive inhibition in children with ADHD. In addition, we found a similar deficit in children with ASD and a similar level of ADHD symptoms. In contrast, we found no evidence for deficits in proactive inhibition in either clinical group.

Conclusions

These findings re-emphasize the role of reactive inhibition in children with ADHD and ADHD symptoms. Moreover, our findings stress the importance of a trans-diagnostic approach to the relationship between behavior and neuropsychology.
Learned Through Labour: The Discursive Production of English Speakers in South Korea
Authors: Curran Nathaniel
Published: February 2018

Korea has long been recognized as host to an English ‘fever’ (Kim, 2013; J. K. Park, 2009; Shim & Park, 2008), the intensity of which is such that ‘the entire nation, from the president to average citizens, is emotionally and discursively invested in globalization and English language education’ (Lee, 2011: 146). Many universities have minimum TOEIC/TOEFL scores as a graduation requirement (J. S. Y. Park, 2009: 42), and of Koreans who took the TOEIC exam in 2016, more than eight out of ten were re-taking the test (Educational Testing Services, 2017). It was estimated that by 2006, Koreans were spending up to $752 million a year on English proficiency tests alone (Song, 2011: 38). The question of who is able to speak English is clearly not a trivial one.
Disciplining Physiological Psychology: Cinematographs as Epistemic Devices in the Work of Henri Bergson and Charles Scott Sherrington
Authors: Quick Tom
Published: February 2018

Argument

This paper arrives at a normative position regarding the relevance of Henri Bergson's philosophy to historical enquiry. It does so via experimental historical analysis of the adaptation of cinematographic devices to physiological investigation. Bergson's philosophy accorded well with a mode of physiological psychology in which claims relating to mental and physiological existence interacted. Notably however, cinematograph-centered experimentation by British physiologists including Charles Scott Sherrington, as well as German-trained psychologists such as Hugo Münsterberg and Max Wertheimer, contributed to a cordoning-off of psychological from physiological questioning during the early twentieth century. Bergson invested in a mode of intellectual practice in which psychological claims had direct relevance to the interpretation of physiological nature. The in-part cinematograph-inspired breakdown of this mode had significance for subsequent interpretations of his philosophy. It is suggested that this experimental particularization of Bergson's contentions indicates that any adaptation of his thought for historical enquiry must be disciplinarily specific.
Parenting Support in Europe's North: How Is It Understood and Evaluated in Research?
Authors: Sundsbø Astrid Ouahyb
Published: February 2018

Parenting support in the Nordic countries builds upon a century-long tradition of controls and services run by municipalities and county councils (Hagelund, 2008; Danielsen and Mühleisen, 2009; Lundqvist, 2015). However, with the introduction of structured parental guidance programmes from the 1990s onward (mainly based on research insights and experiences from the US and UK), new elements have been added to the former policy legacy (Lundqvist, 2015).
Comparing Solvency II and Life and General Insurance Capital approaches to capital determination of a life portfolio in the presence of stress scenarios
Authors: Tan Kangjing , Bruhn Aaron
Published: February 2018

The European-centric Solvency II and Australian-centric Life and General Insurance Capital regimes are two examples of risk-based approaches to capital determination and risk management for life insurers. Both consist of a three-pillar structure covering capital, risk management and disclosure requirements. We apply the capital requirements of each regime to three synthetic sets of insurance policies, including a risk, annuity and combined portfolios, and consider the impact on capital arising from three separate and relatively severe stress events. Results highlight the relatively capital intensive nature of annuities, the differences between different capital regimes, the significance of solvency II’s matching adjustment and the robustness of each regime to both pandemic and economic stresses. Results also highlight the nature of diversification benefits from within each capital regime, on overall capital requirements.
Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Vernalization: Variation and Genetic Controls
Authors: Lawrence Nevin C. , Hauvermale Amber L. , Burke Ian C.
Published: February 2018

Downy brome (Bromus tectorumL.) is a widely distributed invasive winter annual grass across western North America.Bromus tectorumphenology can vary considerably among populations, and those differences are considered adaptively significant. A consensus hypothesis in the literature attributes the majority of observed differences inB. tectorumphenology to differing vernalization requirements among populations. A series of greenhouse experiments were conducted to identify differences inB. tectorumvernalization requirements and link vernalization to expression of annual false-brome [Brachypodium distachyon(L.) P. Beauv.]-derived vernalization gene homolog (BdVRN1). Results from this study indicate that variation in time to flowering is partially governed by differing vernalization requirements and that flowering is linked to the expression ofBdVRN1.
Interference in Dutch–French Bilinguals
Authors: Schmidt James R. , Hartsuiker Robert J. , De Houwer Jan
Published: February 2018

Abstract. In the present manuscript, we investigate the source of congruency effects in a group of Dutch–French bilinguals. In particular, participants performed a color-identification Stroop task, in which both (first language) Dutch and (second language) French distracting color words were presented in colors. The typical finding is impaired responding when the word and color are incongruent (e.g., “red” in blue) relative to congruent (e.g., “red” in red). This congruency effect is observed for both first and second language distracting color words. The current experiment used a 2-to-1 keypress mapping manipulation, which allows one to separate stimulus conflict (i.e., conflict between word and color meanings) and response conflict (i.e., conflict between potential responses). For both the first and second language, both stimulus and response conflict were observed. These results suggest that second language words influence semantic and response processing similarly to first language words, rather than having diminished semantic and/or response influences.
Election Poster Persuasion
Authors: Schott Malte , Wolf Jule
Published: February 2018

Abstract. We examined the effect of presenting unknown policy statements on German parties’ election posters. Study 1 showed that participants inferred the quality of a presented policy from knowledge about the respective political party. Study 2 showed that participants’ own political preferences influenced valence estimates: policy statements presented on campaign posters of liked political parties were rated significantly more positive than those presented on posters of disliked political parties. Study 3 replicated the findings of Study 2 with an additional measure of participants’ need for cognition. Need for cognition scores were unrelated to the valence transfer from political parties to policy evaluation. Study 4 replicated the findings of Studies 2 and 3 with an additional measure of participants’ voting intentions. Voting intentions were a significant predictor for valence transfer. Participants credited both their individually liked and disliked political parties for supporting the two unknown policies. However, the credit attributed to the liked party was significantly higher than to the disliked one. Study 5 replicated the findings of Studies 2, 3, and 4. Additionally, participants evaluated political clubs that were associated with the same policies previously presented on election posters. Here, a second-degree transfer emerged: from party valence to policy evaluation and from policy evaluation to club evaluation. Implications of the presented studies for policy communications and election campaigning are discussed.
Taking Priming to Task
Authors: White Katherine R. G. , Danek Rose H. , Herring David R. , Taylor Jennifer H. , Crites Stephen L.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The current research examined potential moderators of gender and racial stereotype priming in sequential priming paradigms. Results from five experiments suggest that stereotype priming effects are more consistent in tasks that elicit both semantic priming and response competition (i.e., response priming paradigms) rather than tasks that evoke semantic priming alone (i.e., semantic priming paradigms). Recommendations for future stereotype priming research and the implication of these results for the proper interpretation of stereotype priming effects are discussed.
Less Power, Greater Conflict
Authors: Schmid Petra C.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Power facilitates goal pursuit, but how does power affect the way people respond to conflict between their multiple goals? Our results showed that higher trait power was associated with reduced experience of conflict in scenarios describing multiple goals (Study 1) and between personal goals (Study 2). Moreover, manipulated low power increased individuals’ experience of goal conflict relative to high power and a control condition (Studies 3 and 4), with the consequence that they planned to invest less into the pursuit of their goals in the future. With its focus on multiple goals and individuals’ experiences during goal pursuit rather than objective performance, the present research uses new angles to examine power effects on goal pursuit.
Tyler Prize Honors Two Leaders in Marine and Climate Science
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: February 2018

Biological oceanographers Paul Falkowski and James McCarthy helped revolutionize the world’s understanding of Earth’s changing climate, both past and present.
Glycogen synthase protects neurons from cytotoxicity of mutant huntingtin by enhancing the autophagy flux
Authors: Rai Anupama , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Singh Virender , Kumar Vipendra , Mishra Rohit , Thakur Ashwani Kumar , Mahadevan Anita , Shankar Susarla Krishna , Jana Nihar Ranjan , Ganesh Subramaniam
Published: February 2018

Healthy neurons do not store glycogen while they do possess the machinery for the glycogen synthesis albeit at an inactive state. Neurons in the degenerating brain, however, are known to accumulate glycogen, although its significance was not well understood. Emerging reports present contrasting views on neuronal glycogen synthesis; a few reports demonstrate a neurotoxic effect of glycogen while a few others suggest glycogen to be neuroprotective. Thus, the specific role of glycogen and glycogen synthase in neuronal physiology is largely unexplored. Using cellular and animal models of Huntington’s disease, we show here that the overexpression of cytotoxic mutant huntingtin protein induces glycogen synthesis in the neurons by activating glycogen synthase and the overexpressed glycogen synthase protected neurons from the cytotoxicity of the mutant huntingtin. Exposure of neuronal cells to proteasomal blockade and oxidative stress also activate glycogen synthase to induce glycogen synthesis and to protect against stress-induced neuronal death. We show that the glycogen synthase plays an essential and inductive role in the neuronal autophagic flux, and helps in clearing the cytotoxic huntingtin aggregate. We also show that the increased neuronal glycogen inhibits the aggregation of mutant huntingtin, and thus could directly contribute to its clearance. Finally, we demonstrate that excessive autophagy flux is the molecular basis of cell death caused by the activation of glycogen synthase in unstressed neurons. Taken together, our results thus provide a novel function for glycogen synthase in proteolytic processes and offer insight into the role of glycogen synthase and glycogen in both survival and death of the neurons.
A spatial gradient of bacterial diversity in the human oral cavity shaped by salivary flow
Authors: Proctor Diana M. , Fukuyama Julia A. , Loomer Peter M. , Armitage Gary C. , Lee Stacey A. , Davis Nicole M. , Ryder Mark I. , Holmes Susan P. , Relman David A.
Published: February 2018

Spatial and temporal patterns in microbial communities provide insights into the forces that shape them, their functions and roles in health and disease. Here, we used spatial and ecological statistics to analyze the role that saliva plays in structuring bacterial communities of the human mouth using >9000 dental and mucosal samples. We show that regardless of tissue type (teeth, alveolar mucosa, keratinized gingiva, or buccal mucosa), surface-associated bacterial communities vary along an ecological gradient from the front to the back of the mouth, and that on exposed tooth surfaces, the gradient is pronounced on lingual compared to buccal surfaces. Furthermore, our data suggest that this gradient is attenuated in individuals with low salivary flow due to Sjögren’s syndrome. Taken together, our findings imply that salivary flow influences the spatial organization of microbial communities and that biogeographical patterns may be useful for understanding host physiological processes and for predicting disease.
Author Correction: Targeted inhibition of STAT/TET1 axis as a therapeutic strategy for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Jiang Xi , Hu Chao , Ferchen Kyle , Nie Ji , Cui Xiaolong , Chen Chih-Hong , Cheng Liting , Zuo Zhixiang , Seibel William , He Chunjiang , Tang Yixuan , Skibbe Jennifer R. , Wunderlich Mark , Reinhold William C. , Dong Lei , Shen Chao , Arnovitz Stephen , Ulrich Bryan , Lu Jiuwei , Weng Hengyou , Su Rui , Huang Huilin , Wang Yungui , Li Chenying , Qin Xi , Mulloy James C. , Zheng Yi , Diao Jiajie , Jin Jie , Li Chong , Liu Paul P. , He Chuan , Chen Yuan , Chen Jianjun
Published: February 2018

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author James C. Mulloy, which was incorrectly given as James Mulloy. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.