bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empowerment dos funcionários e níveis de maturidade da gestão ambiental nas empresas: um modelo conceitual
Authors: Jabbour Charbel José Chiappetta , Santos Fernando Almada
Published: March 2014

This paper discusses a human resource management dimension that is rarely integrated with the theme of corporate environmental management: the employees’ empowerment .Indeed, human resources dimensions are considered non-technical factors that directly affect the integration of environmental performance in companies. Among these dimensions of human resources necessary for environmental management, we highlight the empowerment of employees. Thus, this research provides theoretical basis on environmental management in company and on employee empowerment and the integration of these themes. Finally, a framework for an effective corporate environmental management through empowerment is presented. We intend to contribute in this way for management researchers and organizational leaders, within a scope still scarce of theoretical articulations.
O que se discute sobre gestão por competências no setor público: um estudo preliminar das construções
Authors: Silva Francielle Molon da , Mello Simone Portella Teixeira , Torres Igor Arruda Costa
Published: March 2014

In world of work there are many transformations associate with person and performance. In this scenario, the discussion about competences is useful, specially in the human resources practices adopted in the public sector. So, this research wanted to investigated, considering a review of literature and interviews with publics managers, how are the articulation between these subjects. Some results demonstrated that the way to implementation is beginning, however, the trajectory is long and with big difficulties such as culture and another vision and the necessity a new human resources practices implementation.
O consumo de eletrônicos em um grupo de baixa renda: relatos de uma etnografia
Authors: Pinto Marcelo De Rezende
Published: March 2014

Since the studies on consumption today occupy a position of importance in both the field of consumer research, as in the social sciences, linked to the perception that little has researched the symbolic universe of low-income individuals, we sought through this research to investigate the following question: how the experiences of consumer electronics for low-income consumers interact with the cultural and symbolic system involved in the flow of everyday social life. For this, we conducted an ethnographic study of inspiration in order to experience the daily life of consumers in their natural environment through in-depth interviews, observations and field notes. The empirical research data were examined based on content analysis. As a result, it can be noted that the experiences of consumer electronics to poor consumers can realize an intense relationship with the cultural and symbolic system built between individuals.
Análise de riscos ocupacionais para implantação de melhorias em uma clínica renal
Authors: Oliveira Lilian Oliveira de , Oliveira João Helvio Righi de , Godoy Leoni Pentiado , Lorenzett Daniel Benitti , Godoy Taís Pentiado
Published: March 2014

The main purpose of this research to analyze the occupational risks in a Renal Clinic located in central-RS. From the observational analysis of risk maps and instrument data collection, we implemented improvements in local. Through the results, it was noted that the implementations have been significant and that changes are needed to reduce occupational disorders, promoting better quality of life for clinical professionals.
“Ensinar o que não se sabe”: estranhar e desnaturalizar em relatos (auto)biográficos
Authors: Cunha Jorge Luiz Da , Röwer Joana Elisa
Published: March 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984644411340O foco temático deste texto são os processos de estranhamento/desnaturalização em relatos (auto)biográficos. O objetivo foi refletir sobre a possibilidade de fomentar estranhamentos/desnaturalizações em escritos (auto)biográficos por adolescentes no espaço/tempo de sala de aula. A proposta metodológica consistiu no desenvolvimento de relatos (auto)biográficos de estudantes nas aulas de Sociologia no Ensino Médio. Participaram 138 jovens de uma escola pública no primeiro trimestre escolar de 2013. As concepções de estranhamento/desnaturalização situam-se na antropologia; e, sobre o trabalho com relatos (auto)biográficos nas perspectivas da socioclínica e dos processos de biografização. Os resultados indicam que os relatos (auto)biográficos proporcionam estranhamentos/desnaturalizações e rumam na direção de ensinar o que não se sabe.Conclui-se que essa possibilidade, como ato educativo, pode gerar suspensão de saberes para inventividades de si.
Desenvolvimento Profissional,Profissionalidade e Formação Continuada de Professores: possíveis contributos dos relatos autobiográficos profissionais
Authors: Alcoforado Luís
Published: March 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984644411343O debate sobre a contribuição das práticas de formação continuada para o desenvolvimento profissional e a construção da profissionalidade docente continua no centro dos debates atuais sobre educação. Ao longo deste artigo, e partindo de uma análise histórica e de um esclarecimento conceitual destas unidades de análise, procura-se trazer um olhar a partir das ciências da formação, problematizando a construção de uma proposta específica para a formação continuada dos professores, capaz de contribuir para uma ação transformadora ascendente, promotora de maior autonomia e responsabilidade, individual e coletiva. Debate-se igualmente a possibilidade dos relatos autobiográficos profissionais se poderem assumir como uma dessas práticas formativas, apontando-se algumas condições de desenvolvimento, nomeadamente as dimensões interativa, dialógica e emancipatória, para que seja possível cumprir esse objetivo
Diálogos cruzados sobre pesquisa (auto)biográfica: análise compreensiva-interpretativa e política de sentido
Authors: Souza Elizeu Clementino de
Published: March 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984644411344O texto apresenta reflexões sobre pesquisa (auto)biográfica e narrativas de formação no campo educacional, ao destacar modos como temos construído redes de pesquisas e práticas de formação, ao sistematizar questões sobre análise compreensiva-interpretativa de narrativas, tomando como referência questões teórico-metodológicas no campo da pesquisa (auto)biográfica. O texto organiza-se a partir de duas ideias centrais, as quais buscam dialogar sobre a configuração dos domínios da pesquisa (auto)biográfica no contexto contemporâneo brasileiro, em seguida apresenta questões sobre políticas de sentido e interpretação de narrativas no campo dos estudos (auto)biográficos. Busca-se apresentar experiência de um projeto de centrado nas narrativas escritas por professores em processo de formação sobre diversidade afetivo-sexual e homofobia no cotidiano escolar.
Teoria Histórico-Cultural e intervenções pedagógicas: possibilidades e realizações do bom ensino
Authors: Chaves Marta , Tuleski Silvana Calvo , Lima Elieuza Aparecida , Girotto Cyntia Graziella G. Simões
Published: March 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464444210Este texto tem por objetivo refletir e socializar práticas educativas e experiências de formação em serviço realizadas em municípios dos estados do Paraná e São Paulo, como desdobramento de pesquisas, projetos e cursos de extensão. A presente elaboração contempla estudos sobre a organização do ensino e  pauta-se na Teoria Histórico-Cultural, que ampara as intervenções pedagógicas para a Educação Infantil e o Ensino Fundamental. A Teoria Histórico-Cultural apresenta-se como referencial teórico para uma proposta de atuar em uma perspectiva de humanização e emancipação. Assim, para que os procedimentos didáticos sejam ricos de significado, a comunicação, a afetividade e a escolha de recursos e procedimentos devem figurar como características essenciais no processo de ensino.
LIMITES E POSSIBILIDADES DAS AÇÕES DE FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA PARA O ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL DE NOVE ANOS
Authors: Oliveira Daniele Ramos de , Guimarães Célia Maria
Published: March 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464447734Apresentam-se resultados de pesquisa, que teve como um dos objetivos compreender os limites e possibilidades das ações de formação continuada desenvolvidas por uma Secretaria de Educação num município do interior de São Paulo para implantação da política do Ensino Fundamental de nove anos. Mediante a perspectiva do estudo de caso, foram utilizados questionários e entrevistas com professores, coordenadores e gestor da Secretaria de Educação. Constatou-se uma perspectiva “clássica” de formação, de nível informativo e prescritivo, em que o objetivo principal parece ser a atualização dos professores . Esta visão condiciona a prática de cursos isolados e pontuais que não favorece a formação de professores que estão em exercício profissional nem a implantação de uma política oficial, como o Ensino Fundamental de nove anos.
Reflexões sobre a ética na educação escolar
Authors: Oliveira Renato José
Published: March 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464449189Este artigo tece considerações sobre a ética na educação escolar nos dias de hoje. Parte das visões de pensadores como Kant e Stuart Mill sobre o agir ético e as problematiza com base no modelo argumentativo proposto por Chaïm Perelman. Este é apresentado como construção filosófica que critica as concepções que defendem o caráter unitário da verdade (monismos), aproximando-se dos discursos questionadores do modelo tradicional de educação, o qual desconsidera o aluno como sujeito do diálogo. A ética na educação escolar é então pensada a partir de uma postura pedagógica que, ao invés de prescrever o que é “certo” ou “justo”, privilegia a problematização do pensar e do agir.
NOTAS DE PESQUISA SOBRE O USO DE FILMES NA ESCOLARIZAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS
Authors: Faheina Evelyn Fernandes Azevedo , Carlos Erenildo João
Published: March 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464449232RESUMOEste texto analisa a presença do uso de filme na escolarização de jovens e adultos. Apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que buscou conhecer os modos de apropriação de filme pelas educadoras da EJA na escola. Para compreensão dessa questão, analisou-se o conteúdo da fala das docentes e observaram-se algumas práticas de ensino nas quais o filme fora utilizado. Da análise dos dados coletados, concluiu-se que as educadoras têm se apropriado e empregado o filme como ilustração dos conteúdos curriculares e dos assuntos estudados, o que caracteriza o uso do filme como recurso adicional e secundário das atividades de ensino.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Apropriação. Filme. Escolarização de jovens e adultos.
Conservation efforts limit rate increases for Colorado utility
Authors: Feinglas Stuart , Gray Christine , Mayer Peter
Published: March 2014

When a city's utility department was asked by a customer why water rates had gone up despite residents' efforts to conserve, utility staff conducted research and found that conservation measures had actually slowed the pace of inevitable rate increases.
The impact of climate change on water infrastructure
Authors: Lechevallier Mark W.
Published: March 2014

When events that were historically considered to be “100‐year” events happen more and more frequently, utilities must prepare for a new normal.
Repenser la centralité
Authors: Marchal Hervé , Stébé Jean-Marc
Published: March 2014

L’article entend montrer que le concept de « centralité » développé par Henri Lefebvre ainsi que l’opposition entre centre et périphérie doivent être réinterrogés au regard du processus d’étalement urbain. En effet, celui-ci génère, comme nous l’indiquerons à partir de plusieurs recherches empiriques réalisées au sein d’une ville de taille moyenne de l’est de la France, une multiplication des centralités concrètes qui s’avèrent déterminantes aussi bien sur le plan des modes de vie et des activités quotidiennes que des choix résidentiels.
Un nouveau récit collectif dans le cinéma québécois : la centralité de la banlieue
Authors: Fortin Andrée
Published: March 2014

Entre 1965 et 2010, l’espace de référence dans le cinéma québécois est passé de la ville centre à la banlieue pavillonnaire, ou pour le dire autrement, « l’espace urbain » dans l’imaginaire cinématographique renvoie de moins en moins à la ville proprement dite. L’analyse repose sur un corpus de 250 films de fiction québécois, et comporte deux dimensions. Une analyse synchronique révèle que pendant toute la période, à une représentation dans l’ensemble négative de la ville répond une représentation plutôt positive de la banlieue. Une analyse diachronique révèle pour sa part que se multiplient les films où la banlieue prend toute la place, et qu’elle y apparaît désormais comme un lieu complexe, autosuffisant et support de mémoires individuelles.
La rénovation urbaine en France : entre pilotage à distance et fabrique urbaine
Authors: Giband David , Siino Corinne
Published: March 2014

La rénovation urbaine concrétise depuis une dizaine d’années l’ambition de transformer les quartiers d’habitat social avec de nouvelles modalités d’intervention. Elle vise la production de formes architecturales et urbaines moins denses, pour accueillir des ménages aux profils socio professionnels diversifiés et assurer la mixité sociale dans les quartiers concernés. En rupture avec la politique de la ville, les objectifs nationaux fixés par l’État doivent néanmoins tenir compte suivant les villes et les quartiers d’une participation habitante des configurations d’acteurs (élus, société civile, bailleurs de logements) qui interprètent différemment la fabrique de la ville et le sens de la mixité. S’appuyant sur l’exemple de Perpignan, ce texte vise à éclairer, comment le modèle français de l’intervention publique dans les grands ensembles d’habitat social reste confronté à une fabrique urbaine fragile, qui hésite encore les modèles de gouvernance et la participation habitante dans les politiques urbaines.
Les projets urbains : des négociations aux transactions
Authors: Hamman Philippe
Published: March 2014

L’article analyse l’articulation entre les concepts de négociation et de transaction sociale à partir de l’exemple des projets de tramway en France, à Strasbourg et Montpellier. Il examine les interactions entre une diversité d’acteurs dans ces « grands projets » urbains. Laissent-ils place à la négociation ? Sont-ils même seulement négociables ? Cette problématique repose sur une double grille de lecture : d’abord, l’outillage de la négociation — dans la gouvernance du projet et de la démocratie participative —, puis, pour rendre raison de ce qui n’est pas négocié, celui des transactions sociales — entre élus et techniciens, et aussi avec les habitants et les associations. Ceci amène à spécifier les deux approches, à travers les critères du formel et du dicible, mais aussi l’enjeu de la reconnaissance de l’altérité dans l’échange et, finalement, en distinguant des transactions de premier et de deuxième rang, sur un triple plan organisationnel, territorial et séquentiel.
La migration des jeunes : quelles mobilités? Quels ancrages? La place des liens familiaux et des relations intergénérationnelles
Authors: Maunaye Emmanuelle
Published: March 2014

Aujourd’hui, la mobilité géographique est devenue une norme et fonctionne comme une véritable injonction. Dans notre monde multipolaire et étendu, le déplacement n’est plus seulement un droit mais bien souvent une véritable obligation. Pour les jeunes, la mobilité est présentée comme un atout qui permet de s’ouvrir au monde, de s’enrichir de nouvelles expériences, de se confronter à l’altérité et, au final, de construire son individualité. Concrètement, les pratiques de migration chez les jeunes sont statistiquement importantes et ont eu tendance à se développer ces dernières décennies. Dans ce contexte, la famille est un acteur et un enjeu importants de la migration des jeunes. Un acteur  car, par les ressources qu’elle peut transmettre (économiques, matérielles, affectives), elle soutient le cheminement des jeunes. Un enjeu aussi car la mobilité juvénile entraîne la séparation des générations. Celle-ci demande aussi un réajustement des relations intergénérationnelles et un réexamen, par les jeunes, du sens de lien familial et de leurs appartenances.
Identité, fratrie et immigration : étude exploratoire sur les contributions des relations fraternelles à la construction identitaire de jeunes adultes immigrants au Québec
Authors: Ganem Rébecca , Hassan Ghayda
Published: March 2014

La construction identitaire est un processus complexe qui se situe au croisement de la dimension synchronique du sujet qui entre en relation dans le présent (affiliation) et de la dimension diachronique qui inscrit le sujet dans une historicité (filiation). Au-delà des relations verticales aux parents et aux grands-parents, l’identité se bâtit également à partir des relations horizontales. Il existe chez les frères et soeurs une identité commune, partagée et, en parallèle, chaque membre de la fratrie tend à se différencier des autres. Or le mouvement migratoire s’accompagne cependant souvent, pour le sujet, d’une rupture des processus de transmission et d’un remaniement des identifications. Nous posons donc les questions suivantes : Comment le processus migratoire vient-il réaménager les liens familiaux et en particulier les liens fraternels? Les liens fraternels peuvent-ils servir de support à la négociation identitaire et à l’intégration du sujet migrant? Si oui, sous quelles formes? Cette recherche porte ainsi sur la construction de l’identité de jeunes adultes immigrants au Québec. Plus précisément, nous nous intéressons aux enjeux et aux processus impliqués dans la construction identitaire, en lien avec les relations fraternelles d’une part, et avec le processus migratoire d’autre part. Il s’agit d’une méthodologie qualitative à l’aide de laquelle nous avons conduit des entrevues avec sept adultes (trois entrevues chacun) afin d’explorer avec eux l’évolution de leurs relations familiales et fraternelles ainsi que leur expérience interculturelle. La première phase d’analyse des résultats est achevée et révèle que les frères et soeurs peuvent représenter à la fois une figure de continuité coexistant avec le déracinement provoqué par l’immigration, contribuer à la création de nouveaux liens d’affiliation dans la société d’accueil et participer à la renégociation identitaire du sujet.
Enrôlement sanitaire et subjectivation de la maternité en milieu populaire dans le Nordeste brésilien : le « rôle maternel incarné »
Authors: Faya Robles Alfonsina
Published: March 2014

Depuis deux décennies, le développement tentaculaire du système public de santé brésilien entraîne de nouvelles pratiques et de nouvelles formes de participation sociale chez les femmes des couches populaires. Ainsi, l’expérience maternelle en milieu populaire dans le Nordeste brésilien se construit de plus en plus à travers des dispositifs de santé publique. Les femmes sont appelées à participer en tant qu’agentes du changement et à jouer un « rôle » sanitaire envers leurs enfants. Dans ces dispositifs sanitaires, les corps des femmes pauvres deviennent la cible des régulations dans la recherche de résultats sanitaires. Ce développement de la santé publique a entraîné de nouvelles contraintes corporelles et de nouveaux modes de légitimation de l’intervention médicale, mais il a aussi créé un espace permettant l’émergence de nouvelles subjectivités maternelles.
Memorializing its Hero: Liberal Manchesters Statue of Oliver Cromwell
Authors: Cunniffe Steve , Wyke Terry
Published: March 2014

Oliver Cromwells historical reputation underwent significant change during the
nineteenth century. Writers such as Thomas Carlyle were prominent in this
reassessment, creating a Cromwell that found particular support among
Nonconformists in the north of England. Projects to memorialize Cromwell
included the raising of public statues. This article traces the history of the
Manchester statue, the first major outdoor statue of Cromwell to be unveiled in
the country. The project originated among Manchester radical Liberal
Nonconformists in the early 1860s but was not realized until 1875. It was the
gift of Elizabeth Heywood; the sculptor was Matthew Noble. The project,
including its intended site in Manchesters new Town Hall, was contentious,
exposing political and religious divisions within the community, reinforcing the
view that the reassessment of Cromwells place in the making of modern Britain
was far from settled.
Baptist Autographs in the John Rylands Library, Manchester, 1741-1907
Authors: Whelan Timothy
Published: March 2014

Within the holdings of The University of Manchesters John Rylands Library is a
remarkable collection of 337 letters to and from Baptist ministers and
laypersons written between 1741 and 1907. Nearly half (165) can be found among
the autograph collections of Thomas Raffles (1788-1863), Liverpool
Congregationalist minister and educator, with another 103 letters belonging to
the collections of the Methodist Archives. John Sutcliff (1752-1814), Baptist
minister at Olney and an early leader within the Baptist Missionary Society, was
the recipient of more than seventy of these,letters. Among the correspondents
are the leading Baptist and Congregationalist ministers of the eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries. Although largely unknown today, these letters provide
important insights into British Baptist history between 1740 and 1900,
establishing the John Rylands Library,as a valuable resource for Baptist
historians.
The Danes and the Danish Language in England: An Anthroponymical Point of View
Authors: Fellows-Jensen Gillian
Published: March 2014

Evidence is provided by place names and personal names of Nordic origin for
Danish settlement in England and Scotland in the Viking period and later. The
names show that Danish settlement was densest in Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and
Leicestershire but can also be traced outside the Danelaw. In the North, Danish
settlers or their descendants moved across the Pennines to the Carlisle Plain,
and from there along the coast of Cumberland and on across the sea to the Isle
of Man, and perhaps back again to southern Lancashire and Cheshire before the
middle of the tenth century. There,was also a spread of Danes around
south-western England in the early eleventh century, reflecting the activities
of Cnut the Great and his followers. After the Norman Conquest, Nordic influence
spread into Dumfriesshire and the Central Lowlands of Scotland. It was in the
more isolated, northern communities that Nordic linguistic influence continued
to thrive.
The Allan Library: A Victorian Methodist Odyssey
Authors: Field Clive
Published: March 2014

The history of the Allan Library is here told systematically for the first time.
This antiquarian collection of substantially foreign-language books and some
manuscripts was formed by barrister Thomas Robinson Allan (1799-1886) during the
1850s, 1860s and 1870s. His stated intention was to create a Methodist rival to
Sion College Library (Church of England) and Dr Williamss Library (Old Dissent).
Allan donated it to the Wesleyan Methodist Conference in 1884, which funded the
erection of purpose-built Allan Library premises opening in London in 1891.
However, the Wesleyans struggled to make a success of the enterprise as a
subscription library, and the collection was in storage between 1899 and 1920,
before being sold by Conference to the London Library (where most of it still
remains). The Allan Library Trust was established with the proceeds of the sale.
The reasons for the relative failure of Allans great library project are fully
explored.
Hesyre: The First Recorded Physician and Dental Surgeon in History
Authors: Forshaw Roger
Published: March 2014

Hesyre was a high court official in ancient Egypt and lived about 2650 bc during
the reign of King Djoser. He managed to combine religious as well as secular
posts, and has the distinction of being the first recorded physician and
firstknown dentist in history. Healthcare developed at an early period in
ancient Egyptian history as is supported by the evidence from the skeletal and
mummified remains, from the artistic record, as well as from inscriptional and
textual sources. These textual sources, the medical papyri, provide details of
medical procedures undertaken, drugs employed and treatments provided - some of
which have influenced modern medical practice. What we know about Hesyre comes
from his impressive tomb at Saqqara, the walls of which are brightly decorated
with items of daily life. Additionally, the tomb contained six fine wooden
panels listing Hesyres titles, among them those relating to his practice of
medicine and dentistry.
Roman Medicine: Science or Religion?
Authors: Cruse Audrey
Published: March 2014

In ancient Greece and Rome magical and religious healing continued to be
practised at the same time as a burgeoning of research and learning in the
natural sciences was promoting a seemingly more rational and scientific approach
to medicine. Was there, then, a dichotomy in medical treatment or was the
situation more complex? This paper draws on historical textual sources as well
as archaeological research in examining the question in more detail. Some early
texts, such as the Egyptian papyri from about 2,600 bc and the Hippocratic
Corpus from the third and fourth centuries bc, contain an intriguing mixture of
scientific and religious material. Archaeological evidence from, for example,
sites of healing sanctuaries from ancient times, show medical prescriptions used
as part of votive offerings and religious inscriptions on surgical instruments,
while physicians were prominent among donators to shrines. Other archaeological
finds such as the contents of rubbish tips, buried hoards, sepulchral deposits
and stray artefacts from occupation levels, have also added to the archive of
medical material available for discussion. The paper concludes that such
intertwinings of religion and science were not only common in Roman medicine
but, in fact, continue into the present time.
Patterns and Management of Fractures of Long Bones: A Study of the Ancient Population of Saqqara, Egypt
Authors: Kozieradzka-Ogunmakin Iwona
Published: March 2014

A skeletal collection from 105 burials excavated at the Old Kingdom and Ptolemaic
Period cemetery in Saqqara, Egypt, was investigated for evidence of
ante-mortem fractures of long bones. The collection comprised
57 males, 30 females, 14 unsexed sub-adults, and 4 unsexed mature individuals.
The majority of the skeletons were complete or almost complete, despite the
disturbance caused by tomb looters in antiquity. Fractures were recorded by
bone, side, location, type and state of healing. The prevalence of fractures was
calculated in male and female populations, as well as in individual age groups.
The state of healing of the fractures was examined in order to investigate the
possibility of medical treatment provided. No evidence of fractures was recorded
in subadults. Evidence of single fractures were found in fourteen adults, and a
further five individuals sustained two fractures to different bones of the upper
limb. The frequency of fractures by bone count was the highest among the Middle
and Old Adults. Fractures to the radius (37.5%) and the ulna (33.3%) were the
most common, while no fractures were recorded in the tibia. Angulation, rotation
and shortening were observed among the healed bones.
Ancient Egyptian Medicine: The Contribution of Twenty-first Century Science
Authors: David Rosalie
Published: March 2014

Preserved human remains from ancient Egypt provide an unparalleled opportunity
for studies in the history of disease and medical practices. Egyptian medical
papyri describe physiological concepts, disease diagnoses and prescribed
treatments which include both ‘irrational’,(magical) and ‘rational’ (surgical
and pharmaceutical) procedures. Many previous studies of Egyptian medicine have
concluded that ‘irrational’ methods predominated, but this perception is
increasingly challenged by results from scientific studies of ancient human
remains (including autopsy, radiology, endoscopy, palaeohistology and
immunological and molecular analyses), and plant materials. This paper
demonstrates the significant contribution being made by multidisciplinary
studies to our understanding of disease occurrence and medical treatments in
ancient Egypt, and considers the feasibility of developing epidemiological
comparisons of ancient and modern data sets that will provide acceptable
historical contexts for contemporary disease studies.
The Chartists and the English Reformation
Authors: Paz D.G.
Published: March 2014

This article addresses three topics. It describes Chartisms creation of a
‘peoples history’ as an alternative to middle-class history, whether Whig or
Tory. It locates the sources, most of which have not been noticed before, for
the Chartist narrative of the English Reformation. William Cobbetts
reinterpretation of the English Reformation is well known as a source for the
working-class narrative; William Howitts much less familiar but more important
source, antedating Cobbetts History of the Protestant Reformation in
England, is used for the first time. The article reconstructs that
narrative using printed and manuscript lectures and published interpretations
dating from the first discussions of the Peoples Charter in 1836 to the last
Chartist Convention in 1858. The manuscript lectures of Thomas Cooper are an
essential but little-used source. The article contributes to historical
understanding of the intellectual life of the English working class.
The Victorian Reformation Bible: Acts and Monuments
Authors: Westbrook Vivienne
Published: March 2014

In 1611 the King James Bible was printed with minimal annotations, as requested
by King James. It was another of his attempts at political and religious
reconciliation. Smaller, more affordable, versions quickly followed that
competed with the highly popular and copiously annotated Bibles based on the
1560 Geneva version by the Marian exiles. By the nineteenth century the King
James Bible had become very popular and innumerable editions were published,
often with emendations, long prefaces, illustrations and, most importantly,
copious annotations. Annotated King James Bibles appeared to offer the best of
both the Reformation Geneva and King James Bible in a Victorian context, but
they also reignited old controversies about the use and abuse of paratext. Amid
the numerous competing versions stood a group of Victorian scholars, theologians
and translators, who understood the need to reclaim the King James Bible through
its Reformation heritage; they monumentalized it.
Natural antisense transcripts regulate the neuronal stress response and excitability
Authors: Zheng Xingguo , Valakh Vera , DiAntonio Aaron , Ben-Shahar Yehuda
Published: March 2014

Neurons regulate ionic fluxes across their plasma membrane to maintain their excitable properties under varying environmental conditions. However, the mechanisms that regulate ion channels abundance remain poorly understood. Here we show that pickpocket 29 (ppk29), a gene that encodes a Drosophila degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/ENaC), regulates neuronal excitability via a protein-independent mechanism. We demonstrate that the mRNA 3′UTR of ppk29 affects neuronal firing rates and associated heat-induced seizures by acting as a natural antisense transcript (NAT) that regulates the neuronal mRNA levels of seizure (sei), the Drosophila homolog of the human Ether-à-go-go Related Gene (hERG) potassium channel. We find that the regulatory impact of ppk29 mRNA on sei is independent of the sodium channel it encodes. Thus, our studies reveal a novel mRNA dependent mechanism for the regulation of neuronal excitability that is independent of protein-coding capacity.
Long term functional plasticity of sensory inputs mediated by olfactory learning
Authors: Abraham Nixon M , Vincis Roberto , Lagier Samuel , Rodriguez Ivan , Carleton Alan
Published: March 2014

Sensory inputs are remarkably organized along all sensory pathways. While sensory representations are known to undergo plasticity at the higher levels of sensory pathways following peripheral lesions or sensory experience, less is known about the functional plasticity of peripheral inputs induced by learning. We addressed this question in the adult mouse olfactory system by combining odor discrimination studies with functional imaging of sensory input activity in awake mice. Here we show that associative learning, but not passive odor exposure, potentiates the strength of sensory inputs up to several weeks after the end of training. We conclude that experience-dependent plasticity can occur in the periphery of adult mouse olfactory system, which should improve odor detection and contribute towards accurate and fast odor discriminations.
High-gain on-chip antenna using a sapphire substrate for implantable wireless medical systems
Authors: Okabe Kenji , Akita Ippei , Ishida Makoto
Published: March 2014

This paper presents a high-gain on-chip antenna using a sapphire substrate for implantable wireless medical systems. The antenna model is based on a dipole and the antenna elements are appropriately rolled for impedance matching. The center frequency of the fabricated on-chip antenna was measured as 360 MHz. The return loss was −3.58 dB and the input impedance was 190.5 − j74.7 Ω at 360 MHz. The maximum antenna gain of the fabricated on-chip antenna was −29.2 dBi. The on-chip antenna using a sapphire substrate achieved a 12.9 dB higher gain than that using a silicon substrate and successfully induced signal transmission at a distance of 10 cm with a transmitter chip. The implemented on-chip antenna can improve the power efficiency of implantable wireless medical systems by 95%.
Performance simulations for a spaceborne methane lidar mission
Authors: Kiemle C. , Kawa S. R. , Quatrevalet M. , Browell E. V.
Published: March 2014

Future spaceborne lidar measurements of key anthropogenic greenhouse gases are expected to close current observational gaps particularly over remote, polar, and aerosol‐contaminated regions, where actual in situ and passive remote sensing observation techniques have difficulties. For methane, a “Methane Remote Lidar Mission” was proposed by Deutsches Zentrum für Luft‐ und Raumfahrt and Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in the frame of a German‐French climate monitoring initiative. Simulations assess the performance of this mission with the help of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations of the earth's surface albedo and atmospheric optical depth. These are key environmental parameters for integrated path differential absorption lidar which uses the surface backscatter to measure the total atmospheric methane column. Results show that a lidar with an average optical power of 0.45 W at 1.6 µm wavelength and a telescope diameter of 0.55 m, installed on a low Earth orbit platform (506 km), will measure methane columns at precisions of 1.2%, 1.7%, and 2.1% over land, water, and snow or ice surfaces, respectively, for monthly aggregated measurement samples within areas of 50 × 50 km2. Globally, the mean precision for the simulated year 2007 is 1.6%, with a standard deviation of 0.7%. At high latitudes, a lower reflectance due to snow and ice is compensated by denser measurements, owing to the orbital pattern. Over key methane source regions such as densely populated areas, boreal and tropical wetlands, or permafrost, our simulations show that the measurement precision will be between 1 and 2%.
The Newest Oldest Data From Seasat's Synthetic Aperture Radar
Authors: Logan Tom , Holt Ben , Drew Lisa
Published: March 2014

A new suite of digital synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, featuring historic views of Earth's oceans, sea ice, volcanoes, forests, glaciers, and more, was made available in its entirety for the first time by the Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF) in midsummer 2013.
NOAA Looks for Advice to Make Its Data Easier to Use
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: March 2014

“There is no sector in American business that wouldn't like to have better environmental information,” said Joseph Klimavicz, chief information officer for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Systematic Review of the Quality of Prognosis Studies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Lim Lily S. H. , Lee Senq J. , Feldman Brian M. , Gladman Dafna D. , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Uleryk Elizabeth , Silverman Earl D.
Published: March 2014

Objective

Prognosis studies examine outcomes and/or seek to identify predictors or factors associated with outcomes. Many prognostic factors have been identified in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but few have been consistently found across studies. We hypothesized that this is due to a lack of rigor of study designs. This study aimed to systematically assess the methodologic quality of prognosis studies in SLE.

Methods

A search of prognosis studies in SLE was performed using MEDLINE and Embase, from January 1990 to June 2011. A representative sample of 150 articles was selected using a random number generator and assessed by 2 reviewers. Each study was assessed by a risk of bias tool according to 6 domains: study participation, study attrition, measurement of prognostic factors, measurement of outcomes, measurement/adjustment for confounders, and appropriateness of statistical analysis. Information about missing data was also collected.

Results

A cohort design was used in 71% of studies. High risk of bias was found in 65% of studies for confounders, 57% for study participation, 56% for attrition, 36% for statistical analyses, 20% for prognostic factors, and 18% for outcome. Missing covariate or outcome information was present in half of the studies. Only 6 studies discussed reasons for missing data and 2 imputed missing data.

Conclusion

Lack of rigorous study design, especially in addressing confounding, study participation and attrition, and inadequately handled missing data, has limited the quality of prognosis studies in SLE. Future prognosis studies should be designed with consideration of these factors to improve methodologic rigor.
Advancement in Cascade [1,n]‐Hydrogen Transfer/Cyclization: A Method for Direct Functionalization of Inactive C(sp3)H Bonds
Authors: Wang Liang , Xiao Jian
Published: March 2014

The cascade [1,n]‐hydrogen transfer/cyclization, recognized one century ago, has received considerable interest in recent decades and great achievements have been made. This cascade process can functionalize C(sp3)H bonds directly into CC, CN, CO bonds under the catalysis by Lewis acids, Brønsted acids or organocatalysts, and even under thermal conditions. This methodology has shown preeminent power to construct 5‐ or 6‐membered heterocyclic as well as all‐carbon rings. In this review, various hydrogen donors and hydrogen acceptors are categorized and discussed.

Abbreviations: Cbz: benzyloxycarbonyl; Cod: 1,5‐cyclooctadiene; CSA: camphorsulfonic acid; DCE: 1,1‐dichloroethane; DFT: density function theory; DMF: N,N‐dimethylformamide; DNBS: 2,4‐dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid; DPP: diphenyl phosphate; ERC: electrocyclic ring closure; Fmoc: 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl; HT: hydrogen transfer; IBX: ortho‐iodoxybenzoic acid; m‐CPBA: meta‐chloroperbenzoic acid; MW: microwave; MS: molecular sieves; Pg: protecting group; p‐TSA: para‐toluenesulfonic acid; r.t.: room temperature; TCE: 1,1,2‐trichloroethane; TFA: trifluoroacetic acid; TMS: trimethylsilyl.

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Particle Display: A Quantitative Screening Method for Generating High‐Affinity Aptamers
Authors: Wang Jinpeng , Gong Qiang , Maheshwari Nupur , Eisenstein Michael , Arcila Mary Luz , Kosik Kenneth S. , Soh H. Tom
Published: March 2014

We report an aptamer discovery technology that reproducibly yields higher affinity aptamers in fewer rounds compared to conventional selection. Our method (termed particle display) transforms libraries of solution‐phase aptamers into “aptamer particles”, each displaying many copies of a single sequence on its surface. We then use fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) to individually measure the relative affinities of >108 aptamer particles and sort them in a high‐throughput manner. Through mathematical analysis, we identified experimental parameters that enable optimal screening, and demonstrate enrichment performance that exceeds the theoretical maximum achievable with conventional selection by many orders of magnitude. We used particle display to obtain high‐affinity DNA aptamers for four different protein targets in three rounds, including proteins for which previous DNA aptamer selection efforts have been unsuccessful. We believe particle display offers an extraordinarily efficient mechanism for generating high‐quality aptamers in a rapid and economic manner, towards accelerated exploration of the human proteome.
Hydrophobic Self‐Assembly Affords Robust Noncovalent Polymer Isomers
Authors: Baram Jonathan , Weissman Haim , Tidhar Yaron , Pinkas Iddo , Rybtchinski Boris
Published: March 2014

In covalent polymerization, a single monomer can result in different polymer structures due to positional, geometric, or stereoisomerism. We demonstrate that strong hydrophobic interactions result in stable noncovalent polymer isomers that are based on the same covalent unit (amphiphilic perylene diimide). These isomers have different structures and electronic/photonic properties, and are stable in water, even upon prolonged heating at 100 °C. Such combination of covalent‐like stability together with structural/functional variation is unique for noncovalent polymers, substantially advancing their potential as functional materials.
Cyclopentadienon‐Eisenkomplexe: Entdeckung, Eigenschaften und katalytische Reaktivität
Authors: Quintard Adrien , Rodriguez Jean
Published: March 2014

In jüngster Zeit haben Cyclopentadienon‐Eisenkomplexe ein großes Interesse in der organischen Chemie gefunden. Sie können aus einfachen und kostengünstigen Materialien synthetisiert werden, sind sehr stabil gegen Wasser und Luft und zeichnen sich durch einzigartige katalytische Eigenschaften aus, die auf den redoxaktiven Liganden zurückzuführen sind, der solchen Komplexen leistungsstarke Redoxeigenschaften verleiht. In diesem Kurzaufsatz erläutern wir die Synthese und mechanistischen Eigenschaften von Cyclopentadienon‐ Eisenkomplexen und fassen ihre Anwendung in redoxneutralen racemischen und enantioselektiven Reaktionen zusammen.
Stereoselective Silylcupration of Conjugated Alkynes in Water at Room Temperature
Authors: Linstadt Roscoe T. H. , Peterson Carl A. , Lippincott Daniel J. , Jette Carina I. , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: March 2014

Micellar catalysis enables copper‐catalyzed silylcupration of a variety of electron‐deficient alkynes, thereby providing access to isomerically pure E‐ or Z‐β‐silyl‐substituted carbonyl derivatives. These reactions take place in minutes, afford high yields and stereoselectivity, and are especially tolerant of functional groups present in the substrates. The aqueous reaction medium has been successfully recycled several times, and a substrate/catalyst ratio of 10,000:1 has been documented for this methodology.
Metall‐ und reagensfreie hochselektive anodische Kreuzkupplung von Phenolen
Authors: Elsler Bernd , Schollmeyer Dieter , Dyballa Katrin Marie , Franke Robert , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: March 2014

Die direkte Kreuzkupplung von Phenolen ist eine herausfordernde chemische Umsetzung, da konkurrierende Homokupplungen stark bevorzugte Nebenreaktionen darstellen. Elektrochemische Methoden ermöglichen die Vermeidung von Oxidationsmitteln oder Metallkatalysatoren und sind daher äußerst attraktiv. Der Einsatz von Lösungsmitteln mit starker Neigung zur Wasserstoffbrückenbildung, wie Methanol in Kombination mit Ameisensäure oder 1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluor‐2‐propanol ermöglicht mittels Elektrolyse in ungeteilten Zellen die selektive Synthese von unsymmetrischen 2,2′‐Biphenolen. Diese milde Methode toleriert eine Vielzahl funktioneller Gruppen, darunter auch tert‐Butylgruppen, die in anderen stark elektrophilen Umgebungen nicht stabil sind, jedoch wichtige Strukturelemente für katalytische Anwendungen darstellen.
Triamidoamine–Uranium(IV)‐Stabilized Terminal Parent Phosphide and Phosphinidene Complexes
Authors: Gardner Benedict M. , Balázs Gábor , Scheer Manfred , Tuna Floriana , McInnes Eric J. L. , McMaster Jonathan , Lewis William , Blake Alexander J. , Liddle Stephen T.
Published: March 2014

Reaction of [U(TrenTIPS)(THF)][BPh4] (1; TrenTIPS=N{CH2CH2NSi(iPr)3}3) with NaPH2 afforded the novel f‐block terminal parent phosphide complex [U(TrenTIPS)(PH2)] (2; U–P=2.883(2) Å). Treatment of 2 with one equivalent of KCH2C6H5 and two equivalents of benzo‐15‐crown‐5 ether (B15C5) afforded the unprecedented metal‐stabilized terminal parent phosphinidene complex [U(TrenTIPS)(PH)][K(B15C5)2] (4; UP=2.613(2) Å). DFT calculations reveal a polarized‐covalent UP bond with a Mayer bond order of 1.92.
Anomalous Diamagnetic Susceptibility in 13‐Atom Platinum Nanocluster Superatoms
Authors: Roduner Emil , Jensen Christopher , van Slageren Joris , Rakoczy Rainer A. , Larlus Oliver , Hunger Michael
Published: March 2014

We are used to being able to predict diamagnetic susceptibilities χDto a good approximation in atomic increments since there is normally little dependence on the chemical environment. Surprisingly, we find from SQUID magnetization measurements that theχDper Pt atom of zeolite‐supported Pt13nanoclusters exceeds that of Pt2+ions by a factor of 37–50. The observation verifies an earlier theoretical prediction. The phenomenon can be understood nearly quantitatively on the basis of a simple expression for diamagnetic susceptibility and the superatom nature of the 13‐atom near‐spherical cluster. The two main contributions come from ring currents in the delocalized hydride shell and from cluster molecular orbitals hosting the Pt 5d and Pt 6s electrons.
Protein‐Templated Peptide Ligation
Authors: Brauckhoff Nicolas , Hahne Gernot , Yeh Johannes T.‐H. , Grossmann Tom N.
Published: March 2014

Molecular templates bind particular reactants, thereby increasing their effective concentrations and accelerating the corresponding reaction. This concept has been successfully applied to a number of chemical problems with a strong focus on nucleic acid templated reactions. We present the first protein‐templated reaction that allows N‐terminal linkage of two peptides. In the presence of a protein template, ligation reactions were accelerated by more than three orders of magnitude. The templated reaction is highly selective and proved its robustness in a protein‐labeling reaction that was performed in crude cell lysate.
Understanding information and communication technology behavioral intention to use: Applying the UTAUT model to social networking site adoption by young people in a least developed country
Authors: Kaba Bangaly , Touré Bakary
Published: March 2014

According to many studies, social network sites (SNS) have become some of the most popular online destinations. It has been pointed out that very little is known about the psychosocial variables that predict people's use of these websites. In this article, our general objective is to understand behavioral intentions to use SNS employing the well‐known unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), which has been validated in a number of studies. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey from a final sample of 1,039 social networking website users in Africa. We have shown that there are contexts, such as the African context, in which the UTAUT does not hold up. Explanations are provided to support the findings.