bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sedation Prior to Intubation at Birth in Infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: An International Survey on Current Practices
Authors: Horn-Oudshoorn Emily J.J. , Blekherov Alisa M. , van den Bosch Gerbrich E. , Simons Sinno H.P. , Knol Ronny , te Pas Arjan , Reiss Irwin K.M. , DeKoninck Philip L.J.
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are commonly intubated immediately after birth. Consensus on whether to provide sedation prior to intubation in the delivery room is lacking, although avoidance of stress is especially important in this population with high risk of pulmonary hypertension. We aimed at obtaining an overview of local pharmacological interventions and at providing guidance on delivery room management. Methods: An electronic survey was sent to international clinicians in referral centres for prenatal and postnatally diagnosed infants with CDH. This survey addressed demographic information, use of sedation and/or muscle relaxant prior to intubation, and use of pain scales in the delivery room. Results: We received 93 relevant responses from 59 centres. Most centres were from Europe (n = 33, 56%), followed by North America (n = 16, 27%), Asia (n = 6, 10%), Australia (n = 2, 3%), and South America (n = 2, 3%). A total of 19% (11/59) of the centres routinely provided sedation prior to intubation in the delivery room, with midazolam and fentanyl being most often used. Methods of administration varied for all medications provided. Only 5 of 11 centres using sedation reported an adequate sedative effect prior to intubation. Muscle relaxants prior to intubation were used in 12% (7/59) of the centres, although not always in combination with sedation. Conclusion: This international survey shows a substantial variation in sedation practices in the delivery room and scarce use of both sedative agents and muscle relaxants prior to intubation of CDH infants. We provide guidance on developing protocols for pre-intubation medication in this population.
Drug Allergy Alert System in a Spanish University Hospital: Description and Dynamics of Use
Authors: Rosado-Ingelmo Ana , Pastor Magro Ana Belen , Pizarro-Jaraiz Maria Angeles , Sanz-Marquez Sira , Silva Riádigos Genma M. , Peña Acevedo Yesenia , Tejedor-Alberti Anna , Tejedor-Alonso Miguel Angel
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The drug allergy alert system reduces the frequency of adverse drug events, although it is subjected to collateral effects, since 80–90% of alerts are not real, and a large percentage of alerts are overridden (46.2–96.2%). We reviewed how the alert system is used at University Hospital Fundación Alcorcon (HUFA). Methods: Data were obtained from the drug allergy alert and the alert overriding notification forms (both in the period 2011–20). We also recorded drug allergy diagnoses at HUFA, drug consumption in primary care in 2016. We calculated the incidence of drug allergy alert activation, temporal trends in use, and correlations between the number of drugs in several datasets. Results: We collected 15,535 alerts. NSAIDs and penicillins were the drugs with the highest number of drug allergy alerts (36.55% and 26.91%, respectively). A correlation was found between the number of drug alerts and the type of drug allergy in HUFA in 2016. Only 6.83% of the alerts were removed, and, of these, 21.77% were reactivated. Approximately 100 overrides were recorded per year from 2016 (6.8% of 8,434 activated alerts during 2014–2020). Conclusions: The number of drug allergy alerts recorded via the drug allergy alert system of HUFA correlates with the distribution of drug allergy diagnoses in the hospital, although many of the alerts could be false positives (as per current published evidence). We detected a very low frequency of removed alerts (6.83%), a relevant frequency of reactivations (one quarter), and a very low frequency of overrides (6.8%).
Cytotoxic and Osteoblast Differentiation Induction Properties of Crude Polar Extract of Piper sarmentosum leaves
Authors:   Centre for Research and Graduate Studies, University of Cyberjaya, 63000 Cyberjaya,Selangor,Malaysia, Abidin Intan , Johari Anis ,   Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Ariffin Zaidah ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, UniversityTeknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Yazid Muhammad ,   Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia, Dyari Herryawan ,   Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Ariffin Shahrul ,   Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: August 2023

Piper sarmentosum or ‘kaduk’ is a well-known herb plant in Malaysia. Its extracts were found to exhibit a bone-protective effect against osteoporotic rats. Our study aim is to morphologically observe the effect of P. sarmentosum ethyl acetate extract on the differentiation of human peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) into osteoblasts. P. sarmentosum extracts (1-900 µg/mL) prepared using 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used in the cytotoxicity assay. Then, the differentiation assay was performed using concentrations of 1-50 µg/mL. The untreated cells acted as the negative control, while the cells cultured in 50 µg/mL ascorbic acid and 10 mM β-glycerophosphate was a positive control. The cytotoxicity effect and proliferation capacity of the cells were analyzed using Trypan Blue exclusion method, while the differentiation of PBSCs was observed using von Kossa staining and ALP gene expression analysis. The result showed a decrease in cells’ viability in a dose-dependent manner during cytotoxicity assay. After 14 days of the differentiation, a constant rate of proliferation could be observed in the treated cells and positive control, while the untreated cells showed an increase in proliferation. The mineralization of extract-treated cells showed significant differences (p<0.05) as compared to the negative control. The expression of ALP was also upregulated on day 14 of differentiation compared to day 0. In conclusion, the extract was capable to induce osteoblast differentiation of human peripheral blood stem cell and potential to be used in tissue regeneration
Maria Eduarda Mota Rocha (Org). Bourdieu à Brasileira
Authors: Oliveira Amurabi
Published: August 2023

Resenha do livro organizado por Maria Eduarda Mota Rocha, Bourdieu à Brasileira, Rio de Janeiro, Confraria do Vento, 2022.
Alessandra Simões Paiva. A virada decolonial na arte brasileira
Authors: Bagolin Luiz Armando , Reis Magali dos
Published: August 2023

Resenha do livro de Alessandra Simões Paiva, A virada decolonial na arte brasileira, Bauru, Mireveja , 2022.
O perfilamento racial nos processos de tráfico de drogas: um estudo de caso em Belo Horizonte
Authors: Reis Daniely , Ribeiro Ludmila
Published: August 2023

Neste artigo, analisamos como se dá o perfilamento racial ao longo do fluxo de processamento por tráfico de drogas no sistema de justiça criminal belo-horizontino. Para tanto, nós nos valemos de dados quantitativos (oriundos de processos penais arquivados entre 2007 e 2017) e qualitativos (produzidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com promotores, juízes e defensores que atuavam nas varas de tóxicos em 2018). Os resultados apontam para os subterfúgios mobilizados pelos operadores do direito para garantir discriminais raciais, ainda que a palavra raça nem sempre esteja presente nesta operação.
Adeus ao fim da História: uma análise crítica da crise da democracia
Authors: Fernandes Dmitri Cerboncini , Oliveira Mariana Cardozo Batista de
Published: August 2023

Existe na atualidade certo consenso sobre a crise atravessada pela democracia liberal e suas instituições. O artigo, em um primeiro momento, passa em revista obras que se vertem sobre o tema no intento de demonstrar suas insuficiências, tanto em termos de diagnósticos quanto de soluções. Em um segundo momento há a proposta de um modo distinto de se encarar a crise da democracia, modo este ensejado por Marx: a forma crítico-categorial. De acordo com essa outra vertente, tratar-se-ia de fenômeno estrutural, imanente ao próprio capitalismo, não de evento conjuntural e atinente tão somente à esfera política. Finalizamos o artigo com o escrutínio dos trabalhos de Robert Kurz sobre o assunto, autor que dá prosseguimento às contribuições sublinhadas de Marx na tentativa de interpretação dos eventos dos séculos XX e XXI.
QUE SONT MES « SEMI -» DEVENUS ?
Authors: Costantini Michel
Published: August 2023

La notion de semi-symbolisme demeure théoriquement et pratiquement problématique, depuis l’invention et l’usage flamboyant qu’en fit Jean-Marie Floch dans les années quatre-vingt et quatre-vingt dix du siècle précédent. Testant sa nécessité dogmatique et son efficacité pragmatique en considérant la recherche que ce dernier avait menée à propos de l’icône de la Trinité peinte par Andreï Rublev, et qui est consignée dans son ouvrage posthume de 2009, on suggère la possibilité de l’intégration de la démarche analytique de la sémiotique dans une autre grille et d’une réorganisation des rapports entre « interférences du contexte », « sens plastique », et « outil semi-symbolique ».
O legado de Floch sobre figuratividade, plasticidade e semissimbolismo na revista Actes Sémiotiques
Authors: Santos Flavia Karla Ribeiro , Portela Jean Cristtus
Published: August 2023

Neste artigo, investigamos as práticas e as estratégias discursivas utilizadas por Floch na divulgação de sua contribuição científica para os estudos sobre a plasticidade dos textos na revista Actes Sémiotiques, de 1970 ao final da década de 1980. Como os trabalhos desse pesquisador traziam resultados, em grande medida, das discussões empreendidas pelos participantes do ateliê de semiótica visual na época, também verificamos como se dá o reconhecimento público de suas ideias (KOERNER, 2014; MOREIRA; SANTOS; PORTELA, 2021) no mesmo periódico. Concluímos que a produção flochiana, no período investigado, está inserida em um clima de opinião muito interessado na elaboração de um aparato teórico-metodológico que possibilite investigar com maior acuidade conceitos operatórios – como figuratividade, semissimbolismo e formante (plástico e figurativo) – relacionados à constituição de uma semiótica planar (mais tarde, visual), o que propiciou uma recepção positiva de suas proposições teóricas pelos membros do GRSL, sendo, dessa forma, assimiladas tanto por visualistas quanto por participantes de outros ateliês e grupos, tornando suas proposições basilares (SANTOS, 2020).
Entre a semiótica e a montanha
Authors: Barros Diana Luz Pessoa de
Published: August 2023

Greimas sempre considerou a semiótica como um projeto coletivo em desenvolvimento. Jean-Marie Floch faz parte daqueles que mais bem entenderam essa proposta. Seus avanços teóricos foram sempre incorporados à semiótica e retomados e desenvolvidos por outras mãos e vozes. Este artigo trata de algumas das contribuições de Jean Marie Floch para a semiótica discursiva e, em particular, para o estudo semiótico do plano da expressão dos textos e para o exame dos textos poéticos e dos textos publicitários e de marketing. Organiza-se em três partes: a primeira sobre a proposta de Floch para o tratamento semiótico do plano da expressão e, nesse quadro, do semissimbolismo; a segunda sobre seus estudos dos textos poéticos ou de uma semiótica estética; a terceira sobre suas contribuições para as abordagens semióticas da publicidade e do marketing, graças, em parte, aos estudos da expressão, mas, sobretudo, às suas propostas sobre os valores do consumo. Além de mostrar as contribuições inovadoras de Floch, apontamos também alguns dos desenvolvimentos que, a partir delas, pudemos dar aos estudos semióticos de textos poéticos, conversacionais e publicitários.
Floch - Zilberberg : la controverse wölfflinienne
Authors: Bertrand Denis , Stange Verónica Estay
Published: August 2023

Parmi les nombreuses innovations théoriques de Jean-Marie Floch, sa redécouverte de Wölfflin a marqué une date dans l’histoire de la théorie sémiotique ; redécouverte d’un structuralisme pré-structural accompagné d’un développement théorique considérable, dans l’œuvre de Floch, permettant l’extension de la « vision baroque » opposable à la « vision classique » bien au-delà du domaine qui lui a donné naissance, au delà même des univers esthétiques, pour entrer de plain-pied dans le champ de la communication sociale (médiatique, technique, politique, etc.) contemporaine. Or, les propositions de Claude Zilberberg (notamment dans « Présence de Wölfflin », n° 23-24 des Nouveaux Actes Sémiotiques, 1992) ont profondément modifié la perspective théorique sur l’héritage du célèbre historien de l’art, suscitant un désaccord avec Floch. En interrogeant le statut du débat au sein de la communauté sémiotique, illustré ici par les divergences tues entre les sémioticiens, on analyse ces deux « lectures » de Wölfflin, leurs différences formelles, leurs rapports respectifs avec le sensible, leurs horizons théoriques – catégoriel d’un côté, tensif de l’autre. On met alors l’accent sur deux points de divergence, concernant le statut de l’affect et le problème de la profondeur. On montre les empiètements entre les deux approches et leur profonde convergence. Mais surtout on suggère ici un dépassement possible de la controverse en analysant la distinction classique / baroque sur fond de perception et en termes de « rythme », c’est-à-dire comme variation de tension entre les événements accentuels d’une série syntagmatique. On fait ainsi intervenir la question de la nuance, celle de la non-résolution de syntagmes accentuels, voire de la discordance entre niveaux accentuels. Cette contribution à la connaissance d’un phénomène essentiel dans l’histoire des formes permet aussi de reposer la question de sa dénomination. Comment nommer en effet ce qui constitue, à travers tant de matériaux langagiers (non verbal et verbal), tant de domaines de communication, tant de moments et de contextes historiques, une trame insistante au sein de la culture occidentale, au cœur même de sa « grammaire d'expression » dont l’opposition «classique/baroque » n’est au fond qu’une émergence exceptionnelle, mais locale ?
Depression, anxiety and stress in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Marjanović Marijan , Lumanović Zerina , Bavrka Tanja , Đido Vedran , Ovčina Amer
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The pandemic of the disease COVID-19 has a tremendous emotional impact on both patients and health workers who are in charge of assisting the infected. The heavy burden on them is further increased by the high and constant risk of exposure to infection and death and separation from their families. The newly created excessive professional demands that the environment around us sets, which cannot be adequately responded to, are the drivers, or stressors, that form the basis for depression and anxiety.Methods: A questionnaire survey (DASS-21) was conducted on 100 employees of the Croatian Hospital “Dr. fra Mato Nikolić” Nova Bila in the period from June to October 2022. The respondents were doctors and nurses who work in intensive care units, the internal department, and the surgery department.Results: All respondents had a certain level of stress (40% extremely severe stress), anxiety (65% extremely severe anxiety), and depression (46% extremely severe depression). There is a significant correlation between stress, depression, and anxiety with concern for the financial situation considering the consequences and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is also a correlation with the claim of concern for one's own mental health, but also with the fear of infection or reinfection with the virus.Conclusion: Healthcare workers who work with patients with COVID-19 are significantly exposed to stress, anxiety, and depression. It is necessary to provide healthcare workers with psychophysical support, especially in crises such as the pandemic caused by COVID-19.
Initiation into Philosophy
Authors: Kotva Simone
Published: August 2023

Maine de Biran (1766–1824) was one of the most influential philosophers in France during the nineteenth century, being the principal inspiration for French spiritualism and French reflexive philosophy. He was also a significant Freemason. This article offers a translation of Biran’s two surviving Freemasonry Speeches, delivered c. 1810, and an introduction to Biran’s Freemasonry from the perspective of his philosophical work. The introduction gives a timeline of Biran’s Freemasonry and an overview of the text of the Speeches. It then considers some principal themes in francophone Freemasonic culture of the Restoration, especially the practice of ritualized introspection, before moving onto compare, briefly, the content of the Speeches to the main philosophical essay by Biran with which the Speeches is contemporaneous. Based on this evidence, the introduction makes suggestions regarding the role played by Freemasonry in the development of French spiritualism, and indicates trajectories for future research.
The Salvific City
Authors: Martin Thomas W.
Published: August 2023

This exploratory essay examines the cultural assumptions at the intersection of our multi-sensory lived experience in contemporary urban built environments, the impact of that experience on our imaginative world for our assumptions about a normative urban environment – what I call a moral imaginary – , how imagination guides urban construction, and the Christian West’s most normative utopian vision of urbanity, the New Jerusalem. This exploration takes place within an eclectic amalgam of theory focused on environmental ethics. The overall goal, using ecological hermeneutics, is to retrieve the voice of the Earth from beneath the streets of gold. Can the New Jerusalem be imagined as a city that offers salvation to the Earth?
Your Brain Makes You Do It
Authors: Craffert Pieter F.
Published: August 2023

This article contains a critical reflection of the neuroscientific research of Benjamin Libet which claims that free will does not exist and that it is your brain and not you that takes decisions. The Libetian style research on free will is characterised by a conceptual reduction of free will, a perpetuation of dualistic thinking and the ontological emaciation of free will as a mechanistic action instead of as a complex process. The underlying philosophical and metaphysical assumptions of Libetian research is critically analysed with the verdict that it is not about free will and that it does not in any way addresses the complex nature of free will in humans. Viewed against an alternative neuroscientific perspective on free will, three astonishing features of these studies are highlighted in conclusion.
Archipelagic Currents in the Global Novel
Authors: Norgaard Lara
Published: August 2023

Crime fiction, a frequently translated and highly translatable literary genre, has generated perspectives on the global and the local in ways that shape cartographies of world literature. The Indonesian novel 24 Hours with Gaspar by Sabda Armandio is a case study for how specific texts within the genre can serve as points of departure for theorizing cultural geography in an imaginative mode. Analyzing Gaspar through three spatial optics, this paper considers the novel’s global influences, the elements that fall into relief as local in translation, and – by attending to patterns of movement and contact that complicate place-based perspectives – the archipelagic qualities of the text. By imagining this alternative conception of literary space, Armandio’s novel recasts the contemporary global novel as the product of contact, mobility, and linguistic and material flows rather than sites of static national or regional identity.
From Czechoslovakia with Nightmares
Authors: Nutting Imogen
Published: August 2023

This study follows the origins of and search for “Clock Man”, from a nineteenth century Yorkshire folktale to a 2012 forum post about a lost 1976 Czechoslovakian stop motion film, and evaluates its merits as a piece of contemporary world literature. The internet has significantly altered how people communicate and share stories, allowing a range of texts to be instantly created, disseminated and discussed around the world. As the classification and study of ‘world literature’ are affected by changing standards of communication and literary merit, these new media communications can provide contemporary insight into how literature may be found in virtual public spaces. This paper blends theories of literariness, reception and new media with Deleuze and Guattari’s theory of deterritorialization to track the changes in the “Clock Man” story and observe broader trends of contemporary world literature in digital storytelling spaces.
A Relational Realist Vision for Education Policy and Practice
Authors: Adi Basem
Published: August 2023

This volume argues that relational realism can help us to make better educational policy that is more effective in practice. Basem Adi draws on critical realism to thoroughly re-examine fundamental assumptions about how government policymaking works, developing an ontological basis from which to examine existing government approaches and imagine an alternative approach based on a relational realist-informed critical pedagogy.

Adi casts familiar issues in a new light by drawing on a less familiar theoretical and meta-theoretical tradition, offering a critique that can be productively engaged with by many educational organizations to tackle the issues they face.

A Relational Realist Vision for Education Policy and Practice will be of great interest to academics of sociology, critical realism, sociological theory and education, as well as policymakers and educators seeking a theoretical perspective on their work.
4. Social Capitalisation & the Making of Relational Goods
Authors: Adi Basem
Published: August 2023

This volume argues that relational realism can help us to make better educational policy that is more effective in practice. Basem Adi draws on critical realism to thoroughly re-examine fundamental assumptions about how government policymaking works, developing an ontological basis from which to examine existing government approaches and imagine an alternative approach based on a relational realist-informed critical pedagogy.
5. Student Development as the Referential Reality of Education
Authors: Adi Basem
Published: August 2023

This volume argues that relational realism can help us to make better educational policy that is more effective in practice. Basem Adi draws on critical realism to thoroughly re-examine fundamental assumptions about how government policymaking works, developing an ontological basis from which to examine existing government approaches and imagine an alternative approach based on a relational realist-informed critical pedagogy.
2. The Way of Academic Writing: Reflections of a Traveller
Authors: Starr-Glass David
Published: August 2023

It is perhaps inevitable that the focus on academic writing is on the final product: the carefully crafted manuscript that will hopefully resonate with the reviewers and will be recommended for publication. It is, after all, the final product that will be read and evaluated by peers, and it is the final product that will contribute to disciplinary knowledge and understanding. The published manuscript, however, is only the visible tip of the iceberg. Submerged, hidden, often inaccessible and rarely discussed is the process through which the work came into existence. This chapter reflects on elements of the process involved in the creation of academic writings. By its nature, this process is often idiosyncratic and uniquely personal; nevertheless, it is hoped that these shared reflections on process might be helpful to those contemplating academic writing and useful to those who have recently started out travelling on that way.
7. 1001 Nights of Research: The Good, Bad, and the Ugly
Magic Carpet Ride
Authors: Roberts Jennifer
Published: August 2023

In this chapter, my story is recounted as one who transitioned into academia later in life, navigating a world that was alien to the business field where I had previously worked. I touch on some personal aspects of the reasons for doing a PhD and my journey through the field of distance education, both as a student and then later as a researcher/professor.

Each of my stories concludes with a snippet of advice for emerging distance education researchers based on my personal experiences. This includes developing self-confidence and overcoming sensitivities and self-doubt, aligning with a mentor, and understanding the importance of collaboration and sharing. Finally, I also include publishing aspects relevant to authors from developing countries such as cognitive or confirmation biases of editors towards researchers from "other" countries.
8. Creative Academic Writing and Anatomy of a Scholarly Paper
Authors: Bozkurt Aras
Published: August 2023

Creative academic writing is a process and every final product is a scholarly art. This chapter consists of two sections. The first section introduces several creative approaches to better shape a scholarly paper and explains how authors can adopt innovative strategies. Assuming that expertise comes from mastering the structure of a scholarly paper, the second section explores the anatomy of a scholarly paper and provides some practical tips that can aid in writing well-structured papers.
12. Writing in the Margins: Maintaining a Scholarly Voice as an Executive
Authors: Nichols Mark
Published: August 2023

Not all researchers work to the requirement of outputs or have the luxury of dedicated writing time. How do those roaming the academic wilderness, on the margins of scholarship, find their bearings for publishing? It is not easy straddling the two connected yet seemingly independent worlds of management and research, but it can be done. Writing and researching can find generous space in the margins of managerial responsibility. Research motivated by need can both enrich decision-making, lead to further research, and provide the basis for scholarly writing.
14. Born Curious and in Trouble: Making Sense of Writing
Authors: Prinsloo Paul
Published: August 2023

In this chapter, I enter into a conversation with Rainer Maria Rilke, a German poet born in 1875. Using Rilke’s advice to Kappus and Rilke’s very personal reflections on his own writing processes as basis, I reflect on my own history of writing, my processes, and my discomfort with feelings of self-doubt when comparing myself with my peers, or worst still, when I am compared to my peers. And while I embrace this inner compulsion to write, this exhilaration and joy to be curious and reflect, the total madness of researcher rankings and quantification of outputs compels me to listen to Rilke, go deep inside me and discover that I have no choice, I must write. Like Rilke, I see my writings as “beloved possessions,” making audience responses and critical reviews a dark trap; and on the other hand, confirmations that I do get it right, sometimes. Being in conversation with Rilke allowed me to confront my demons and embrace the darkness that has become a companion; and to be in awe of life and death, and the greatness and splendour of both.
Simulated Diurnal Pulses in Hurricane Dorian (2019)
Authors: Piersante Jeremiah O. , Corbosiero Kristen L. , Fovell Robert G.
Published: August 2023

Radially outward-propagating, diurnal pulses in tropical cyclones (TCs) are associated with TC intensity and structural changes. The pulses are observed to feature either cloud-top cooling or warming, so-called cooling pulses (CPs) or warming pulses (WPs), respectively, with CPs posing a greater risk for hazardous weather because they often assume characteristics of tropical squall lines. The current study evaluates the characteristics and origins of simulated CPs using various convection-permitting Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model simulations of Hurricane Dorian (2019), which featured several CPs and WPs over the tropical Atlantic Ocean. CP evolution is tested against choice of microphysics parameterization, whereby the Thompson and Morrison schemes present distinct mechanisms for CP creation and propagation. Specifically, the Thompson CP is convectively coupled and propagates outward with a rainband within 100–300 km of the storm center. The Morrison CP is restricted to the cirrus canopy and propagates radially outward in the upper-level outflow layer, unassociated with any rainband, within 200–600 km of the storm center. The Thompson simulation better represents the observations of this particular event, but it is speculated that CPs in nature can resemble characteristics from either MP scheme. It is, therefore, necessary to evaluate pulses beyond just brightness temperature (e.g., reflectivity, rain rate), especially within simulations where full fields are available.

Significance Statement

Tropical cyclone size and structure are influenced by the time of day. Identifying and predicting such characteristics is critical for evaluating hazardous weather risk of storms close to land. While satellite observations are valuable for recognizing daily fluctuations of tropical cyclone clouds as seen from space, they do not reliably capture what occurs at the surface. To investigate the relationship between upper-level cloud oscillations and rainbands, this study analyzes simulations of a major hurricane along the coast of Florida. The results show that rainbands are not always tied to changes in cloud tops, suggesting multiple pathways toward the daily oscillation of upper-level tropical cyclone clouds.
Emergent Public Spheres: Talking Politics in Participatory Governance
Authors: Baiocchi Gianpaolo
Published: August 2023

This article addresses the question of whether and how participation in government promotes the conditions for participants to engage in the open-ended and public-minded discussion heralded by democratic theorists. Ethnographic evidence shows how participants in assemblies of the “participatory budget” in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, created open-ended and public-minded discussion in two of the city's poor districts. The urban poor of Latin American have often been treated as unlikely candidates for democratic engagement, but in these meetings participants regularly carved out spaces for civic discourse and deliberation, deploying a language of the commonality of needs as a vocabulary of public interest. In a district with organized networks of civil society, experienced community activists played an important role in curtailing conflict, while in a district without such networks, the assemblies were severely disrupted at times by virtue of being the “only place in the community” that could serve as a staging ground for some participants to manage their reputations. A comparison with a prior period in both districts shows that before the budgeting assemblies were created it was difficult to sustain any kind of regular meeting place beyond individual neighborhoods to carry out these discussions. The notion of the “public sphere” is broadened, calling for a revision of the stark separation of state and civil society in democratic theory.
Does the Use of Ethyl Chloride Spray Facilitate Radial Angiography?
Authors: Koca Fatih , Levent Fatih , Demir Ömer Furkan , Kat Nurcan , Tenekecioglu Erhan
Published: August 2023

Ethyl chloride (EC) spray is a vapocoolant which is used in interventional procedures as a topical local anesthetic. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not EC spray can facilitate radial coronary angiography. The study was conducted on a study group EC of 106 (age: 58.1 ± 12.4) patients and a control group (placebo) of 104 (age: 59.1 ± 10.8) patients. Visual analogue scale scores (VAS), radial cannulation failure (RCF), the rates of clinical and anatomical radial artery spasm (RAS), pain lasting >2 day and >1 week, and radial artery occlusion (RAO) at first week and first month were evaluated in both groups. VAS scores, the rates of RCF, clinical and anatomical RAS and pain lasting >1 week were found significantly lower in the study group than the control group ( p < .001, p = .024, p=.009, p = .028 and p = .042, respectively). But the rates of RAO were similar in both groups. Topical spray including EC, which has low-cost and rapid efficacy, may be preferred in transradial coronary angiography as it reduces the risk of RCF and RAS, and increases patient comfort with its analgesic effect, without significant side-effects.
Applying a Human Rights Lens to Poverty and Economic Inequality: The Experience of the South African Human Rights Commission
Authors: Liebenberg Sandra , Slade Bradley
Published: August 2023

The Constitution of South Africa, 1996, is committed to redressing poverty and inequality. This is evident in its inclusion of a range of justiciable socio-economic rights along with a strong substantive right to equality and non-discrimination. The South African Human Rights Commission is a state institution established by the Constitution to support constitutional democracy. It has wide-ranging powers to investigate, monitor and protect human rights, including an express constitutional mandate in relation to socio-economic rights. This article examines how it has sought to apply its constitutional and legislative mandates to various manifestations of poverty and economic inequality in South Africa. It focuses on three broad areas of the Commission’s work with a view to identifying its achievements as well as some of the key challenges it has faced. Based on this analysis, the article concludes by reflecting on the broader implications of the experience of the Commission for fourth branch institutions, specifically national human rights institutions, that apply a human rights lens to poverty and economic inequality.
Surface Modification – Blood Compatibility
Authors: Sharma Chandra P. , Ashalatha P. V.
Published: August 2023

A study was made of the influence of processing parameters and methodology of sample treatments on blood compatibility. The processing parameters, for example casting and precipitating, cause a difference in the surface energy; however, when a passive layer of proteins comes on to the surface the relative variation is insignificant. ATR work suggests that the chemical group distribution at the air-polymer interface and the glass-polymer interface is different in the case of cast films while for the precipitated films both surfaces seem to be closer. Ellipsometric studies at the liquid-polymer interface suggest that the relative increase in the thickness of the adsorbed proteins may be influenced by the passivity of the surface and interdiffusion of protein molecules into the passive layer; the latter requires further investigation.

Our studies suggest that a better approach towards blood compatibility may be the combination of passivity and a distribution of proper functional groups (heparin type) on the surface.
Fire Performance and Characteristics of British Rail Flexible Polyurethane Foam Seating
Authors: Gotch T.M. , Morris V.C.
Published: August 2023

Despite the many desirable features (light weight, low cost, good comfort characteristics) of polyurethane foams for transport seating, and that modem moulding techniques permit fast production rates and ergonomic feature incorporation, they exhibit problems of relative ease of ignition and propensity to produce smoke and toxic gases when burned.

To reduce the latter on BR, the selection of suitable foams is closely controlled, and the facility exists to check flammability and other properties to BS and BR specifications. To evaluate fire performance in the final seating configuration, full-size testing is also undertaken on the foam/covering materials under conditions of accidental ignition.

Results variation using the same foam/cover combination has been greater than normal experimental error. A detailed assessment programme, including the use of barrier foams, is being initiated to provide a greater understanding of the fire mechanism, and the uprating of the fire resistance of the whole range of seating.
Recovery of Chlorofluorocarbon 11 by Activated Carbon Scrubbing on a Polyurethane Foam Slabstock Plant
Authors: Nutt A.R. , Skidmore D.W.
Published: August 2023

Operation of a pilot scale activated carbon CFC 11 recovery unit has been studied. For CFC 11 the trapping efficiency of the scrubber is close to 100% immediately after regeneration, falling to 95% when 12% by weight CFC has been added to the scrubber. About 10–15% of the CFC used by the plant is captured. Recovery is less efficient due to losses in the condenser, and only 50–60% of the trapped material is obtained for re-use. Examination of this material has shown significant differences from the unused sample, but admixture of recovered with unused CFC has proved successful in plant operations.

For TDI, the unit is 100% efficient input concentrations as high as 3 ppm being reduced to the non-detectable level at the outlet (limit of detection 0.005 ppm). The current calculated TDI loading is 2% by weight of the carbon.

For the tertiary amine catalysts used on the plant input concentrations were 0.5–7.1 ppm for DMEA and less than 0.1 ppm to 2.5 ppm DABCO. Outlet concentrations were 0.1 to 0.4 ppm for DMEA and were not detectable for DABCO (limit of detection 0.05 to 0.1 ppm).
Polyurethane Elastomers as Hydraulic Seal Materials
Authors: Hepburn C.
Published: August 2023

The availability of the diisocyanate paraphenylene diisocyanate (PPDI) and cyclohexyl diisocyanate (CHDI) has made possible the synthesis of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPLTs) which have greater thermal stability than previously obtainable as predicted from their DMTA thermograms.

The ability to combine elevated temperature service with the unique strength and wear resistant properties of polyurethane, together with the automation made possible by thermoplastic injection moulding is considered to represent an advance in current seal materials.

This paper describes the special synthesis and formulation of TPU's based on PPDI and CHDI together with a spectrum of the strength properties used to judge them as potential seal elastomers. Some of these TPU elastomers possess tensile strengths of 50 MPa and compression set values of <25% obtained by using special post-curing techniques.

DMTA data is used to predict these TPU's responses to elevated temperatures.
A Study of the Low Smoke Potential, Flame Resistance and Processibility of High Index Polyisocyanurate Rigid Foam
Authors: Cunningham A. , Eling B. , Sparrow D.J.
Published: August 2023

Recent advances in our isocyanate and catalyst development programmes have stimulated a re-examination of the rigid polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams, and a study has been undertaken to explore the limits of flame resistance, low smoke emission and processibility in these systems. An experimental investigation was therefore carried out to determine the influence of the main PIR formulation parameters on fire and smoke performance of the derived foam. The results demonstrated that low smoke values can be obtained in non fire retarded PIR foams at isocyanate indices of approximately 400. However, to ensure high oxygen index together with low smoke emission, it was found to be necessary to use both high weight fractions of isocyanate (above 0.8) and isocyanate indices above 600. In such systems the addition of low levels of phosphorus containing fire retardants was particularly beneficial in increasing the fire resistance of the foam without increasing smoke emission significantly. Further benefits were obtained by the use of the high functionality MDI variants. These results indicated that this technology can provide PIR foams with an oxygen index up to 29% and an NBS smoke chamber optical density to levels as low as 100. Finally it was demonstrated that the manufacturing difficulties that are traditionally associated with high index PIR formulations can be overcome by the use of a novel catalyst package.

Thus a novel class of foam insulation having high isocyanate index and high weight fraction of isocyanate has been identified and given the name ‘SHINDEX’ foam. Because the need for expensive fire retardants is minimised, it is expected that this material will be cost effective for technically demanding applications and should increase the market penetration of isocyanate based foam insulation.
The after-lives of no arrival: How Papuans make their lives matter
Authors: Simone AbdouMaliq
Published: August 2023

The essay considers heterogeneous Black temporalities in West Papua, Indonesia's largest urban region. Here, "Papuan time" is an extension beyond the dilemmas of being human or not. This is the possibility of being a human that has not experienced irremediable loss or a future foreclosed. But rather an entity that endures an after-life beyond what anyone might know it; a life situated in the middle of freedom and abjection. Such a life takes place in a city, Jayapura, that appears perpetually unsettled, something always “new.” But in the repetition of such newness, it is a city that does not seem to go anywhere specific, that does not promise any sense of redemption. A city that never arrives.
Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Preoperative Evaluation of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Eisen Andrea , Fletcher Glenn G. , Fienberg Samantha , George Ralph , Holloway Claire , Kulkarni Supriya , Seely Jean M. , Muradali Derek
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is known to detect additional cancers that are occult on mammography and ultrasound. There is debate as to whether these additional lesions affect clinical outcomes. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence on whether additional information on disease extent obtained with preoperative breast MRI in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer affects surgical management, rates of recurrence, survival, re-excision, and early detection of bilateral cancer. Methods: Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched until January 2021 (partial update July 2022) for studies comparing outcomes with versus without pre-operative MRI. Included were both randomized controlled trials and other comparative studies provided MRI and control groups had equivalent disease and patient characteristics or methods such as multivariable analysis or propensity score matching were used to control potential confounders. Results: The search resulted in 26,399 citations, of which 8 randomized control trials, 1 prospective cohort study, and 42 retrospective studies met the inclusion criteria. Use of MRI resulted in decreased rates of reoperations (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.63 to 0.85), re-excisions (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.45 to 0.89), and recurrence (HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.65 to 0.90). Increased detection of synchronous contralateral breast cancers led to a reduction in metachronous contralateral breast cancer (HR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.59 to 0.85). Hazard ratios for recurrence-free and overall survival were 0.77 (95% CI = 0.53 to 1.12) and 0.89 (95% CI = 0.74 to 1.07). Conclusion: This systematic review indicates substantial benefits of pre-operative breast MRI in decreasing reoperations and recurrence.
Missed Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Kashyap Priyanka V. , Kashyap Manshi , Dhiran Arpit , Yadav Akanxa
Published: August 2023

Rates of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT) misdiagnosis or at times delayed diagnosis and related outcomes have remained underexplore, and also there is less knowledge about the long-term outcome of patients with untreated cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT). Long-term presentations of untreated CVT are rare. We hereby presenting series of four interesting patients of chronic CVT whose diagnosis was missed and how varied chronic presentations of untreated CVT appeared to neurology and how subtle radiologic features helped with correct diagnosis.
Time is of the Essence: Why Goals-of-Care Conversations and Prognosis Documentation Matters in Advanced Cancer Patients in an Integrated Health System
Authors: Aller Ashley , Hauser Karen , Pedell Leon , Martinez Francisco , Lin Amy
Published: August 2023

Background: Advanced cancer patients benefit less from aggressive therapies and more from goal-directed palliative management. Early and clearly documented goals-of-care discussions, including end-of-life decision making, are essential in this patient population. Integrated healthcare systems are comprehensive care models associated with improved quality of care and lower mortality compared to other healthcare models. The role of advance care planning within our system is understudied. Methods: Patients 18 years and older with a diagnosis of advanced-stage cancer were identified over a 6-month period. Expert panel review was performed to evaluate medical appropriateness of the selected diagnostic workup and management. The role and extent of care planning was reviewed in association with the clinical context. Results: In a cohort of 82 patients, evidence-based and individualized appropriateness of medical management was found to be consistent for all patients. Eighty-two percent of patients elected for oncologic-based treatment, 5% pursued active surveillance, and 11% did not receive treatment. Seventy-three percent of patients were referred to palliative care. Fifty-six percent of patients had a full goals-of-care conversation documented; yet only 9% of goals-of-care conversations were documented by an oncologist. Prognosis was documented fully for only 22% of patients. At the end of the study period, 43 patients were deceased (52%), further indicating the critical importance of documentation. Conclusions: Within our integrated health system, we found consistent guideline- and patient-directed diagnosis and management, along with frequent integration of palliative care services. Goals-of-care conversation and prognosis documentation, especially by the oncologist, remains an area of needed improvement.
Women in leadership in the party: Women’s representation in intra-party leadership and party positions on gender equality in employment
Authors: Purcell Nicole L , Nagao Haruka
Published: August 2023

Labour policies have large impacts on gender equality in the workplace. While political parties play critical roles in policy making, it remains unclear if party-level women’s representation impacts labour policies. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between women’s representation in intra-party leadership and party policy positions on gender equality in employment. The analyses of 1,955 political parties in 169 countries from 1970 to 2019 find that a higher proportion of women in intra-party leadership results in the party taking stances more likely to favor gender equality in employment. Even among the parties we would expect to be the least women-friendly, a greater representation of women in intra-party leadership has positive influence. More women in leadership means stronger party support for gender equality regardless of ideological party placement. Furthermore, the findings also suggest that women party leaders have greater impacts on labour policies when a party leadership has greater decision-making power.