bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glycemic index of a nutritional supplement designed for people with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Rachana Bhoite , Shobana Shanmugam , Lalithya Pratti Varalakshmi , Sudha Vasudevan , Vinita Satyavrat , Gayathri Rajagopal , Kalpana Natarajan , Ranjit Mohan Anjana , Viswanathan Mohan
Published: August 2023

The study was carried out to measure the glycemic index (GI) of an oral food supplement for people with CKD as well as on patients on maintenance dialysis. The study was conducted as per international protocols for testing GI, was approved by the local institutional ethics committee, and was registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI). This was a crossover randomized controlled study which enrolled 15 participants between the ages of 18 and 45 years. The participants were randomly allotted to one group that consumed either the reference food (27.5 g of glucose monohydrate) or 118 g of the nutritional supplement which contained 25 g of available carbohydrates. Fasting capillary blood samples as well as blood samples at different time intervals as per the GI protocol, after consumption of either the supplement or the reference food were taken from the participants. Each testing day was separated by a 3‐day washout period. GI was calculated from the incremental area under the blood glucose response elicited by the nutritional supplement as a percentage of the response after the consumption of 25 g of glucose (27.5 g of glucose monohydrate) by the same participant using a standard formula. The GI of the nutritional supplement was calculated to be 10.3 ± 2.0 which is considered to be low as per international GI testing standards. The product was created to supplement the diet of people with CKD at different stages and to help prevent the progression from CKD to ESRD as well as the risk for CVD. This product was found to have a low GI which is desirable for people with CKD as well as diabetics in general who are at risk for developing CKD.
Seasonal water storage and release dynamics of bofedal wetlands in the Central Andes
Authors: Ross Anthony C. , Mendoza Marc Martinez , Drenkhan Fabian , Montoya Nilton , Baiker Jan R. , Mackay Jonathan D. , Hannah David M. , Buytaert Wouter
Published: August 2023

Tropical high‐Andean wetlands, locally known as ‘bofedales’, are key ecosystems sustaining biodiversity, carbon sequestration, water provision and livestock farming. Bofedales' contribution to dry season baseflows and sustaining water quality is crucial for downstream water security. The sensitivity of bofedales to climatic and anthropogenic disturbances is therefore of growing concern for watershed management. This study aims to understand seasonal water storage and release characteristics of bofedales by combining remote sensing analysis and ground‐based monitoring for the wet and dry seasons of late 2019 to early 2021, using the glacierised Vilcanota‐Urubamba basin (Southern Peru) as a case study. A network of five ultrasound loggers was installed to obtain discharge and water table data from bofedal sites across two headwater catchments. The seasonal extent of bofedales was mapped by applying a supervised machine learning model using Random Forest on imagery from Sentinel‐2 and NASADEM. We identified high seasonal variability in bofedal area with a total of 3.5% and 10.6% of each catchment area, respectively, at the end of the dry season (2020), which increased to 15.1% and 16.9%, respectively, at the end of the following wet season (2021). The hydrological observations and bofedal maps were combined into a hydrological conceptual model to estimate the storage and release characteristics of the bofedales, and their contribution to runoff at the catchment scale. Estimated lag times between 1 and 32 days indicate a prolonged bofedal flow contribution throughout the dry season (about 74% of total flow). Thus, our results suggest that bofedales provide substantial contribution to dry season baseflow, water flow regulation and storage. These findings highlight the importance of including bofedales in local water management strategies and adaptation interventions including nature‐based solutions that seek to support long‐term water security in seasonally dry and rapidly changing Andean catchments.
Three‐dimensional nuclear architecture distinguishes thyroid cancer histotypes
Authors: Rangel‐Pozzo Aline , dos Santos Filipe F. , Dettori Tinuccia , Giulietti Matteo , Frau Daniela Virginia , Galante Pedro A. F. , Vanni Roberta , Pathak Alok , Fischer Gabor , Gartner John , Caria Paola , Mai Sabine
Published: August 2023

Molecular markers can serve as diagnostic tools to support pathological analysis in thyroid neoplasms. However, because the same markers can be observed in some benign thyroid lesions, additional approaches are necessary to differentiate thyroid tumor subtypes, prevent overtreatment and tailor specific clinical management. This applies particularly to the recently described variant of thyroid cancer referred to as noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP). This variant has an estimated prevalence of 4.4% to 9.1% of all papillary thyroid carcinomas worldwide. We studied 60 thyroid lesions: 20 classical papillary thyroid carcinoma (CPTC), 20 follicular variant of PTC (FVPTC) and 20 NIFTP. We examined morphological and molecular features to identify parameters that can differentiate NIFTP from the other PTC subtypes. When blindly investigating the nuclear architecture of thyroid neoplasms, we observed that NIFTP has significantly longer telomeres than CPTC and FVPTC. Super‐resolved 3D‐structured illumination microscopy demonstrated that NIFTP is heterogeneous and that its nuclei contain more densely packed DNA and smaller interchromatin spaces than CPTC and FVPTC, a pattern that resembles normal thyroid tissue. These data are consistent with the observed indolent biological behavior and favorable prognosis associated with NIFTP, which lacks BRAFV600E mutations. Of note, next‐generation thyroid oncopanel sequencing was unable to distinguish the thyroid cancer histotypes in our study cohort. In summary, our data suggest that 3D nuclear architecture can be a powerful analytical tool to diagnose and guide clinical management of NIFTP.
Our path from abnormal uterine bleeding and iron deficiency to impaired fetal development: A long and winding road
Authors: Munro Malcolm G. , Critchley Hilary O. D.
Published: August 2023

Synopsis

Abnormal uterine bleeding adversely impacts the lives of reproductive‐aged girls and women; furthermore, the resulting periconceptual iron deficiency risks enduring neurological sequelae in the child.
Semi‐synthetic degradable notochordal cell‐derived matrix hydrogel for use in degenerated intervertebral discs: Initial in vitro characterization
Authors: Schmitz Tara C. , van Genabeek Bas , Pouderoijen Maarten J. , Janssen Henk M. , van Doeselaar Marina , Crispim João F. , Tryfonidou Marianna A. , Ito Keita
Published: August 2023

Low back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide, but current therapeutic interventions are palliative or surgical in nature. Loss of notochordal cells (NCs) and degradation of the healthy matrix in the nucleus pulposus (NP), the central tissue of intervertebral discs (IVDs), has been associated with onset of degenerative disc changes. Recently, we established a protocol for decellularization of notochordal cell derived matrix (NCM) and found that it can provide regenerative cues to nucleus pulposus cells of the IVD. Here, we combined the biologically regenerative properties of decellularized NCM with the mechanical tunability of a poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel to additionally address biomechanics in the degenerate IVD. We further introduced a hydrolysable PEG‐diurethane crosslinker for slow degradation of the gels in vivo. The resulting hydrogels were tunable over a broad range of stiffness's (0.2 to 4.5 kPa), matching that of NC‐rich and ‐poor NP tissues, respectively. Gels formed within 30 min, giving ample time for handling, and remained shear‐thinning post‐polymerization. Gels also slowly released dNCM over 28 days as measured by GAG effusion. Viability of encapsulated bone marrow stromal cells after extrusion through a needle remained high. Although encapsulated NCs stayed viable over two weeks, their metabolic activity decreased, and their phenotype was lost in physiological medium conditions in vitro. Overall, the obtained gels hold promise for application in degenerated IVDs but require further tuning for combined use with NCs.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 1,2,3‐triazole‐based benzenesulfonamide and flavonol hybrid molecules as anticancer agents
Authors: Chen Yu‐Xun , Chang Chuan‐Hsin , Li Cai‐Wei , Chen Jih‐Jung , Shih Tzenge‐Lien
Published: August 2023

Background

The design and synthesis of hybrid molecules will explore finding new drugs.

Objectives

The synthesized hybrid molecules to evaluate their biological properties.

Methods

Apply click chemistry to tether flavonols and benzenesulfonamide.

Results

Two drug candidates show potential against lung cancer.

Conclusions

Two drug candidates did not affect the normal cells and provided a new drug design route.
Association of Remdesivir use with bradycardia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ishisaka Yoshiko , Aikawa Tadao , Malik Aaqib , Kampaktsis Polydoros N. , Briasoulis Alexandros , Kuno Toshiki
Published: August 2023

Remdesivir has been used for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia with oxygen requirements that do not require mechanical intubation, and several studies showed a reduction in disease duration. However, there is a concern about bradycardia as its side effect. We aimed to investigate the association between Remdesivir and bradycardia by integrating findings from prior studies. We queried PubMed and EMBASE in February 2023 and performed a meta‐analysis of studies investigating bradycardia in patients who did or did not receive Remdesivir. The outcome of interest was the rate of bradycardia and in‐hospital mortality. We identified eight studies involving 8993 patients, of which seven studies investigated bradycardia. Six studies were observational, one was a case–control, and one was a randomized trial. Incidence of bradycardia was 400/3480 patients (22.3%, 95% confidence interval, CI: [6.5–54.4], I2 = 99%) in the Remdesivir group and 294/5005 (9.8%, 95% CI: [2.8–29], I2 = 98.61) in the non‐Remdesivir group. The odds ratio of bradycardia was 2.11 (95% CI: [1.65–2.71], I2 = 22%, p < 0.001) for the Remdesivir group. There was no difference in mortality between the two groups. Patients who received Remdesivir for COVID‐19 were more likely to develop bradycardia. The effect of confounding factors should be considered to further clarify the possible association.
Dielectric response as a novel marker for ablation lesion quality: Relation to conventional ablation parameters
Authors: Abeln Bob G. S. , van Dijk Vincent F. , Balt Jippe C. , Wijffels Maurits C. E. F. , Boersma Lucas V. A.
Published: August 2023

Background

The tissue response viewer (TRV) is a novel marker for ablation lesion quality that aims to classify lesions into transmural or nontransmural lesions (high or low dielectric response, HDR or LDR) using dielectric‐based tissue assessment. The objective of this study was to gain insight in the TRV by relating its outcomes to conventional ablation parameters.

Methods

Patients that had repeat ablation for atrial fibrillation with a dielectric imaging‐based mapping system were enrolled. All ablation data were downloaded from the mapping system and analyzed to explore associations between TRV outcomes and other ablation parameters.

Results

The cohort included 24 patients, in which 58 pulmonary veins and 8 superior vena cavas were targeted. A total of 388 energy applications were applied, resulting in 639 ablation points. The system classified 36% of ablation points as HDR and 44% as LDR. The system did not provide a dielectric response in 20%. The system's ability to provide a dielectric response was related to longer ablation duration and absence of dragging ablation. HDR (versus LDR) was multivariably associated with longer energy applications, higher mean ablation power, and lower wall thickness. Greater impedance drop was univariably associated with HDR.

Conclusion

Outcomes of the TRV are associated with conventional ablation parameters (e.g., duration and power) but also local wall thickness. Catheter stability seems important for successful lesion assessment with the TRV. Further reduction of missing outcomes and validation of the tool are warranted before widespread use.
Importance of biofilm formation for promoting plant growth under salt stress in Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Authors: Costa‐Gutierrez Stefanie Bernardette , Raimondo Enzo Emanuel , Vincent Paula Andrea , de Cristóbal Ricardo Ezequiel
Published: August 2023

An underutilized experimental design was employed to isolate adapted mutants of the model bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440. The design involved subjecting a random pool of mini‐Tn5 mutants of P. putida KT2440 to multiple rounds of selection in the rhizosphere of soybean plants irrigated with a NaCl solution. The isolated adapted mutants, referred to as MutAd, exhibited a mutation in the gene responsible for encoding the membrane‐binding protein LapA, which plays a role in the initial stages of biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. Two MutAd bacteria, MutAd160 and MutAd185, along with a lapA deletion mutant, were selected for further investigation to examine the impact of this gene on salt tolerance, rhizosphere fitness, production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and promotion of plant growth. Despite the mutants’ inability to form biofilms, they were able to attach to soybean seeds and roots. The MutAd bacteria demonstrated an elevated production of EPS when cultivated under saline conditions, which likely compensated for the absence of biofilm formation. MutAd185 bacteria exhibited enhanced root attachment and promoted the growth of soybean plants in slightly saline soils. The proposed experimental design holds promise for expediting bacterial adaptation to the rhizosphere of plants under specific environmental conditions, identifying genetic mutations that enhance bacterial fitness in those conditions, and thereby increasing their capacity to promote plant growth.
Innovation in Virtual Teams: The Critical Role of Anonymity across Divergent and Convergent Thinking Processes
Authors: Baruah Jonali , Green Keesha
Published: August 2023

This experimental research investigates the creativity of anonymous video‐based groups through a series of collaborative divergent and convergent thinking stages of innovation. A sample of 113 undergraduate students participated in small groups of three or four to complete a creative problem‐solving task in either anonymous or identified conditions. The findings revealed that although anonymity did not positively impact the divergent thinking task of brainstorming, it significantly enhanced creativity in the convergent thinking process of collaborative idea refinement. Furthermore, the ideas in the refinement stage were higher in originality, elaboration, overall quality, and good quality compared with the generation and selection task. The participants' attentional focus was critical in creating high‐quality ideas by mediating the path from collaborative ideation to refinement. The current study contributes to the creativity literature by highlighting the importance of anonymous collaborative idea refinement as the teams proceed through multiple stages of convergent and divergent thinking processes.
Integrated analysis of single cell and bulk RNA sequencing identifies CTHRC1+INHBA+CAF as drivers of colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Hu Shangshang , Qin Jian , Gao Rui , Xiao QianNi , Liu Xiangxiang , Pan Yuqin , Wang Shukui
Published: August 2023

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the tumor microenvironment and a critical factor in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to screen for CAFs specific genes that could serve as promising therapeutic targets for CRC patients. Our findings showed a significant increase in the proportion of fibroblasts in CRC tissues, and a high proportion of fibroblasts was associated with immune escape and poor prognosis in CRC. Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) and inhibin subunit beta A (INHBA) were identified as key genes in the progression of CRC, primarily expressed in CAFs and significantly upregulated in CRC tissues. We defined CTHRC1 and INHBA as cancer‐associated fibroblast‐related genes (CAFRGs), which were associated with poor prognosis in CRC and macrophage polarization. CAFRGs promoted immune escape and metastasis in CRC and were good predictors of immune therapy response. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that the high expression group of CAFRGs was sensitive to 15 chemotherapy drugs, while the low expression group was sensitive to only 3. Clustering of fibroblasts in the tumor revealed that CTHRC1+INHBA+CAF was a poor prognostic factor in CRC and was associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and immune regulation. In conclusion, our study provides new theoretical basis for effective treatment strategies and therapeutic targets for CRC.
DIEP flap perfusion assessment using microdialysis versus Doppler ultrasonography: A comparative study
Authors: Sorotos Michail , Firmani Guido , Tornambene Roberta , Marrella Domenico , Paolini Guido , Santanelli di Pompeo Fabio
Published: August 2023

Background

The increasing number of buried free‐tissue transfer procedures and the need for an objective method to evaluate vascular complications of free flaps has led to the development of new technologies. Microdialysis has been used to monitor free flaps using interstitial biological markers. Previous uses mainly focused on muscular flaps. Our aim is to compare external Doppler ultrasonography (EDU) evaluation versus microdialysis in the early follow‐up of adipocutaneous flaps, and propose an efficient postoperative monitoring protocol.

Methods

We retrospectively assessed 68 consecutive DIEP flaps (50 patients) performed between January 2019 and March 2021. All flaps received standardized post‐operative monitoring using clinical signs, EDU and microdialysis. Glucose and lactate concentrations were assessed using glucose <1 mmol/L and lactate >6 mmol/L as ischemic trend thresholds. We calculated Glucose/Lactate ratio as a new parameter for the assessment of flap viability.

Results

Among all the 68 flaps, two flaps returned to the operative theater when a combination of unsatisfactory microdialysis values and clinical/EDU signs identified vascular impairment; only one developed total flap necrosis. Reoperation rate was 2.94% with an overall flap success rate of 98.53%. External Doppler ultrasonography had 100% sensitivity and 82% specificity, while microdialysis had 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity.

Conclusions

Microdialysis values proved flap viability sooner than external Doppler ultrasonography, making it an excellent tool for post‐operative monitoring. With the appropriate thresholds for glucose and lactate concentrations, and glucose/lactate ratio used as a new parameter, it can help potentially avoiding unnecessary re‐explorations, and reducing flap ischemia times.
The σ‐evolution equations with friction and unbounded coefficients
Authors: Duong Pham Trieu
Published: August 2023

We present in this article the study on the decay estimates for solutions of the Cauchy problem for a class of linear
‐evolution equations with unbounded coefficients

with
in space dimension
, where the coefficient
is continuous and unbounded satisfying the asymptotic behavior
as
, with the parameter
, and
is a positive and bounded continuous function. By investigating the diffusion phenomenon, we obtain new results that generalize our previous study for the damped wave models with constant and nearly constant coefficients. Using the decay estimates for the solution of the linear problem, we establish a result on the global (in time) existence of the small data solution for the corresponding semilinear Cauchy problem with the nonlinearity of power type.
FRP–soil interfacial mechanical properties with molecular dynamics simulations: Insights into friction and creep behavior
Authors: Xu Wang‐Qi , Yin Zhen‐Yu , Zheng Yuan‐Yuan
Published: August 2023

The fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) has attracted much attention in civil engineering due to its durability and cost‐effectiveness. The soil–FRP structure interface plays an essential role when the FRP is adopted in geotechnical engineering, but its fundamental interfacial behavior remains unclear. In the present study, the atomistic models of silica representing sand, water film representing the lubricated condition, and cross‐linked epoxy representing FRP are constructed to investigate the FRP–sand interfacial properties at the nano‐scale through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The epoxy model geometry and forcefield are first validated by comparing the thermodynamic and mechanical parameters with experimental and simulation measurements. The silica–epoxy interfacial tribological and rheological behavior is then explored by conducting friction and creep simulations under dry and lubricated conditions. The friction force has been found linearly dependent on the normal load and increases with the sliding velocity while decreasing against water content. The modified Amontons law for the adhering surface could describe the silica–epoxy interfacial friction well. The shear stress level influences the creep characteristics with primary, secondary, and tertiary (or rupture) creep modes. The results of this study at the nano‐scale can be further developed to enhance the current contact laws of sand–FRP structure in micromechanics‐based modeling approaches.
Developing and deploying deep learning models in brain magnetic resonance imaging: A review
Authors: Aggarwal Kunal , Manso Jimeno Marina , Ravi Keerthi Sravan , Gonzalez Gilberto , Geethanath Sairam
Published: August 2023

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain has benefited from deep learning (DL) to alleviate the burden on radiologists and MR technologists, and improve throughput. The easy accessibility of DL tools has resulted in a rapid increase of DL models and subsequent peer‐reviewed publications. However, the rate of deployment in clinical settings is low. Therefore, this review attempts to bring together the ideas from data collection to deployment in the clinic, building on the guidelines and principles that accreditation agencies have espoused. We introduce the need for and the role of DL to deliver accessible MRI. This is followed by a brief review of DL examples in the context of neuropathologies. Based on these studies and others, we collate the prerequisites to develop and deploy DL models for brain MRI. We then delve into the guiding principles to develop good machine learning practices in the context of neuroimaging, with a focus on explainability. A checklist based on the United States Food and Drug Administration's good machine learning practices is provided as a summary of these guidelines. Finally, we review the current challenges and future opportunities in DL for brain MRI.
Simulation of a virtual liver iron overload model and R2* estimation using multispectral fat–water models for GRE and UTE acquisitions at 1.5 T and 3 T
Authors: Neupane Prasiddhi , Shrestha Utsav , Brasher Sarah , Abramson Zachary , Tipirneni‐Sajja Aaryani
Published: August 2023

R2*‐MRI has emerged as a noninvasive alternative to liver biopsy for assessment of hepatic iron content (HIC). Multispectral fat–water R2* modeling techniques such as the nonlinear least squares (NLSQ) fitting and autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models have been proposed for the accurate assessment of iron overload by also considering fat, which can otherwise confound R2*‐based HIC measurements in conditions of coexisting iron overload and steatosis. However, the R2* estimation by these multispectral models has not been systematically investigated for various acquisition methods in iron overload only conditions and across the full clinically relevant range of HICs (0–40 mg Fe/g dry liver weight). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the R2* accuracy and precision of multispectral models for various multiecho gradient echo (GRE) and ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging acquisitions by constructing virtual iron overload models based on true histology and synthesizing MRI signals via Monte Carlo simulations at 1.5 T and 3 T, and comparing their results with monoexponential model and published in vivo R2*–HIC calibrations. The signals were synthesized with TE1 = 1.0 ms for GRE and TE1 = 0.1 ms for UTE acquisition for varying echo spacing, ΔTE (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 ms), and maximum echo time, TEmax (2, 4, 6, 10 ms). An iron‐doped phantom study is also conducted to validate the simulation results in experimental GRE (TE1 = 1.2 ms, ΔTE = 0.72 ms, TEmax = 6.24 ms) and UTE (TE1 = 0.1 ms, ΔTE = 0.5 ms, TEmax = 6.1 ms) acquisitions. For GRE acquisitions, the multispectral ARMA and NLSQ models produced higher slopes (0.032–0.035) compared with the monoexponential model and published in vivo R2*–HIC calibrations (0.025–0.028). However, for UTE acquisition for shorter echo spacing (≤0.5 ms) and longer maximum echo time, TEmax (≥6 ms), the multispectral and monoexponential signal models produced similar R2*–HIC slopes (1.5 T, 0.028–0.032; 3 T, 0.014–0.016) and precision values (coefficient of variation < 25%) across the full clinical spectrum of HICs at both 1.5 T and 3 T. The phantom analysis also showed that all signal models demonstrated a significant improvement in R2* estimation for UTE acquisition compared with GRE, confirming our simulation findings. Future work should investigate the performance of multispectral fat–water models by simulating liver models in coexisting conditions of iron overload and steatosis for accurate R2* and fat quantification.
Effect of a texture‐modified and controlled bolus volume diet on all‐cause mortality in older persons with oropharyngeal dysphagia: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Reyes‐Torres Carlos A. , Castillo‐Martínez Lilia , Ramos‐Vázquez Aniela G. , Cassis‐Nosthas Lorena , Zavala‐Solares Mónica , García‐de‐la‐Torre Guadalupe , Serralde‐Zúñiga Aurora E.
Published: August 2023

Background

Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is common among older adults. Some studies have evaluated the efficacy of a texture‐modified diet on mortality but with short‐term follow‐up. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a texture‐modified diet and controlled bolus volume on all‐cause mortality after 12 months in older persons with OD.

Methods

This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial included patients aged ≥60 years with a diagnosis of OD. They were concurrently and randomly assigned to receive either a texture‐modified food diet and controlled bolus volume (intervention group) or standard treatment (control group) with 12 months of follow‐up. Secondary outcomes were oral intake, weight, handgrip strength, phase angle, and aspiration pneumonia. Kaplan‐Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model were used for mortality analysis.

Results

A total of 127 participants (intervention group: 64 and control group: 63) were recruited, with a mean age of 76 years. The probability of all‐cause mortality was significantly lower in the intervention group (n = 8, 12%) than in the control group (n = 18, 29%) (hazard ratio = 0.36 [95% CI = 0.16–0.86]; P = 0.01). There were 5 (7.9%) and 10 (16.1%) aspiration pneumonia events in the intervention and control groups, respectively (not significant) in 12 months of follow‐up. Changes were observed in protein consumption (P = 0.01), body weight (P = 0.04), body mass index (P = 0.004), handgrip strength (P = 0.02), and phase angle (P = 0.04) between the treatment groups.

Conclusion

Compared with the standard treatment, the dietary intervention improved efficacy by limiting nutrition complications, aspiration pneumonia, and all‐cause mortality.
Management of the Difficult Airway: An Appraisal of Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Fritz Christian , Monos Stylianos , Ng Jinggang , Romeo Dominic , Xu Katherine , Moreira Alvaro , Rajasekaran Karthik
Published: August 2023

Objective

Management of the difficult airway can be a challenging process, which necessitates actionable recommendations from well‐established guidelines. Herein, clinical practice guideline (CPG) quality is evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument.

Study Design

A systematic literature search was performed using Scopus, EMBASE, and MEDLINE via PubMed.

Setting

Literature database.

Methods

Data were abstracted from relevant guidelines and appraised by 4 expert reviewers in the 6 domains of quality defined by AGREE II. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated across domains to quantify interrater reliability.

Results

Twelve guidelines met the inclusion criteria. With a mean quality score of 83.1%, the highest quality guideline was authored by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). Low‐quality content was observed in CPGs authored by the Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists (JSA) and the Chinese Collaboration Group for Emergency Airway Management (CCGEAM). Overall, deficits were most pronounced in domains describing the involvement of stakeholders, developmental rigor, and editorial independence. These findings were consistent among the panel of independent reviewers, with high ICC inter‐rater reliability scores of 58.0% to 70.0% for the referenced domains.

Conclusion

By providing a comprehensive appraisal of guidelines, this report may serve as a reference for clinicians seeking to understand and improve upon the developmental quality of difficult airway management resources. According to AGREE II criteria for the quality of the guideline creation process, the 2022 ASA guideline outperforms its predecessors.
Automatic echocardiographic evaluation of the probability of pulmonary hypertension using machine learning
Authors: Liao Zuwei , Liu Kaikai , Ding Shangwei , Zhao Qinhua , Jiang Yong , Wang Lan , Huang Taoran , Yang LiFang , Luo Dongling , Zhang Erlei , Zhang Yu , Zhang Caojin , Xu Xiaowei , Fei Hongwen
Published: August 2023

Echocardiography, a simple and noninvasive tool, is the first choice for screening pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, accurate assessment of PH, incorporating both the pulmonary artery pressures and additional signs for PH remained unsatisfied. Thus, this study aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) model that can automatically evaluate the probability of PH. This cohort included data from 346 (275 for training set and internal validation set and 71 for external validation set) patients with suspected PH patients and receiving right heart catheterization. Echocardiographic images on parasternal short axis‐papillary muscle level (PSAX‐PML) view from all patients were collected, labeled, and preprocessed. Local features from each image were extracted and subsequently integrated to build a ML model. By adjusting the parameters of the model, the model with the best prediction effect is finally constructed. We used receiver‐operating characteristic analysis to evaluate model performance and compared the ML model with the traditional methods. The accuracy of the ML model for diagnosis of PH was significantly higher than the traditional method (0.945 vs. 0.892, p = 0.027 [area under the curve [AUC]]). Similar findings were observed in subgroup analysis and validated in the external validation set (AUC = 0.950 [95% CI: 0.897−1.000]). In summary, ML methods could automatically extract features from traditional PSAX‐PML view and automatically assess the probability of PH, which were found to outperform traditional echocardiographic assessments.
1: Binocular Fusion and Rivalry of Binocular Tone Mapping in Stereoscopic Displays
Authors: Zhang Yueyuan , Liu Yujie , Cheng Cheng , Xia Zhenping
Published: August 2023

Binocular fusion and rivalry are indispensable considerations when simulating the real world. The improvement of these two factors is one of the keys to improving three‐dimensional display technology. Based on three visual perception experiments, physiological binocular fusion and rivalry for improving stereo image quality are investigated. The results show that different dynamic ranges modulated by the binocular tone mapping algorithm for each eye result in better stereo image quality and have no significant effect on stereoscopic perception. The study provides a way to enhance the quality of stereoscopic displays based on the human factor.
1.3: The Technology and Development of Laser Display Optical Screens
Authors: Zhao Hailong , Yue Dingfei , Zhang Bing
Published: August 2023

Laser display has the advantages of high brightness, wide color gamut, long lifetime, low power consumption, and better eye protection, and will become the mainstream of the next generation of high‐end display; This paper mainly expounds the structure and principle of Fresnel optical screen, black grid optical screen and white plastic frame screen electric pull screen for laser display.Besides, The three kinds of optical screens are also compared in structure, material, performance and applications . Finally, the development trend of mainstream anti‐light screens is prospected.
4.2: A 9‐(4‐diphenylphosphinylphenyl)anthracene derivative as a blue emitter host and a hole‐blocking layer in Deep Blue OLEDs
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zeng Mei-Mei , Kang Jia-Yuan , Zhang Xin-Chen , Xu Jun-Hao , Chen Shao-Fu , Dai Lei , Zhu Xu-Hui
Published: August 2023

We investigated 10‐(4‐phenylphenyl)‐9‐(3‐diphenylphosphinyl‐phenyl)anthracene as a host material in the emitting layer and a hole‐blocking layer in deep blue OLEDs, respectively. By contrast, introducing a thin layer of this triphenylphosphine oxide moiety‐modified anthracene derivative as the hole blocker exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency of 5.49% with CIE (0.126, 0.118) and in particular, high device stability with lifetime LT95 of ca. 540 h @ 1000 cd m–2.
5.1: Invited Paper: Highly Stretchable Metal Oxide Island TFTs array for Deformable Display Applications
Authors: Miyakawa Masashi , Tsuji Hiroshi , Nakata Mitsuru
Published: August 2023

Deformable displays are attracting attention for use in various applications because of their high flexibility and stretchability. This paper describes our recent work on the development of flexible and stretchable thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplane technologies for deformable displays. We developed a flexible bezel‐less TFT backplane with through‐plastic‐vias and dome‐shaped stretchable TFT arrays with acrylic adhesive.
11.2: The Effect of Doping Distribution on the Property of Green Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liu Bin , Li Mengzhen , Yao Chunliang , Cai Minghan , Li Guomeng , Wang Hongyu , Gao Xiaoyu , Zhu Xiujian , Song Wonjun
Published: August 2023

In mass production OLED structures, doping ratio distribution across the thickness of emitting layer is not uniform owing to the linear evaporating configuration, where dopant and host materials are added in different sources. In this study, we firstly confirmed that different types of doping distribution among emitting layer of green phosphorescent OLED exhibited over 15% difference of current efficiency. By carefully designing and comparing emitting layers with a series of doping distribution modes, we found that dramatic variation of doping ratio near electron blocking layer was the critical factor. Then, trapping behavior of dopant molecules was confirmed to affect the carrier distribution among the emitting layer according to analysis of current density‐voltage (JV) and capacitance‐voltage (CV) curves from carrier only devices based on two types of doping distribution modes. Combining with the result of hole‐electron recombination zone (RZ), the area where possessed both high doping ratio and excitons recombination probability exhibited a high current efficiency and low driving voltage. Finally, PL and EL transient decay lifetime combined with triplet‐polaron quenching (TPQ) efficiency measurement demonstrated that TPQ was the main factor causing current efficiency difference between two types of doping distribution modes. Therefore, the doping distribution and trapping property of dopant material in emission layer should be carefully evaluated for OLED devices for mass production.
16.2: An IGZO‐TFT Reading Circuit Design for Flexible Flash Memories
Authors: Xia Yong , Shen Ao , Fan Zenghui , Li Liangdong , Dong Chengyuan
Published: August 2023

A novel reading circuit based on amorphous InGaZnO thin film transistors (a‐IGZO TFTs) for flexible flash memories is proposed in this paper. The circuit contains only active devices in order to narrow its layout size; in addition to the main part, the scanning circuit and output buffer are designed for practical applications. The simulation results show its good stability and strong resistance to the design and processing variations of a‐IGZO TFTs.
26.2: Fast‐response liquid crystal devices with virtual walls for VR/AR applications
Authors: Choi Wing-Kit , Chu Wei-Hao , Hsieh Yi-Cheng
Published: August 2023

We report the switching mechanism and new electrode design for
fast‐response VA‐FFS LC mode with virtual‐wall effect. This
virtual wall effect has been actively employed and developed for
enhancing the switching speed of LC devices in VR/AR
applications in recent years.
28.1: Invited Paper: A Review of Optical source by using μLED and Single mode Laser Diodes for HMD, AR/VR Glasses
Authors: Hirano Yasuaki , Tani Yoshihiko , Miyamoto Sadamu , Onuma Hiroaki
Published: August 2023

Expansion of devices to access the virtual world is expected due to
much attention to Metaverse in recent years. In particular, head
mount display (HMD), smart glasses and AR glasses have been
attracting attention as next‐generation mobile devices that will
replace smart phones. Laser diodes and μLEDs are developed in
various research institutes and companies as light sources for those
devices. In this paper, we describe the development status of the
laser diodes and the μLEDs, the technical problems of optimal
adaptation to smart glasses, and introduce one of the solutions
when using the laser diodes.
30.3: Impact of Top Gate Insulator Deposition Temperature on Electrical Performance of Dual‐Gate a‐InZnO TFTs
Authors: Huang Tengyan , Liu Hao , Fan Changhui , Zhou Xiaoliang , Zhang Shengdong
Published: August 2023

The electrical characteristics and stability of dual‐gate
amorphous InZnO thin film transistors (a‐IZO TFTs) with top
gate insulators (TGIs) deposited under different conditions
were investigated. It is found that the TFT with 150°C SiO2 as
TGI has higher mobility, while TFT with 300°C SiO2 as TGI
has lower off‐state leakage current and better stability under
bias stress. Experimental results show that the TFT with
stacked TGI deposited at 150°C first and then 300°C can
combine the merit of the 150°C SiO2 and 300°C SiO2,
achieving high saturation mobility (23.9 cm2/V·s), low off‐state
leakage current (10‐14 ~10‐12 A) and also good stability under
negative bias stress (NBS) and positive bias stress (PBS) of
3600 s @30 V, with only negative drift of 0.02 V and 0.15 V,
respectively. Moreover, it also performs well under negative
bias temperature illumination stress (NBTIS) and positive bias
temperature illumination stress (PBTIS).
38.3: Compact Gate Driver on Array for Progressive‐mode PWM Micro‐LED Display using LTPS TFTs
Authors: Zhu Yuxuan , Song Zhibang , Zhao Dandan , An Junjun , Liao Congwei , Zhang Shengdong
Published: August 2023

A compact gate driver on array (GOA) was proposed for Micro‐Light Emitting diodes (Micro‐LED) display based on progressive‐mode pulse‐width modulation (PWM) using low‐temperature‐polysilicon (LTPS) thin‐film transistors (TFTs). Thanks to outputting line‐by‐line scanning (Scan) and emission control signals (EM) to address switching‐and emission‐transistors in Micro‐LED pixel circuit, the proposed GOA circuit enables an increased emission time by 60% with the frame rate of 120 Hz, compared with the conventional GOA circuit of simultaneous operating mode. Furthermore, the pulse‐width of EM signals are programmable simply by adjusting the number of input pulses.
40.1: Liquid Crystal Polymer Phase Plates Fabricated by Direct Laser Writing
Authors: ZOU Xin , LIU Cong , ZHANG Wanlong , LEI Ting , YUAN Xiaocong
Published: August 2023

Optical vortex is a type of structured beam that carry orbital‐angular momentum (OAM) with different topological charge numbers. In this paper, we fabricate liquid crystal polymer phase plates to generate vortex beams by femtosecond 3D direct laser writing. Instead of using traditional photoresists, we compound liquid crystal monomers to create different structures. As a two‐photon direct laser writing technique, Nanoscribe is of high resolution of 100 nm, which implements high accuracy of our structures. We design spiral phase plate (SPP) with diameter of 25µm and a total height difference h of 1.25um to generate vortex beams with different topological charge numbers. We also set up the interference system to characterize the vortex beam. With the interference beam coupled, the presence of the vortex is experimentally indicated by the fringe “dislocation defects” at the center of the vortex in visible region. It presents a new way to fabricate liquid crystal polymer structures with unique birefringent properties, indicating new possibilities in photonics application.
43.1: An Efficient Power Saving Method for High Dynamic Range Display System Based on Adaptive Real‐time Backlight Control
Authors: Cheng Lin , Dou Wei , Lai Ching-Hong , Wu Jia-Lian , Nam Jang-Jin , Cheng Jin-Hui , Ni En-Wei
Published: August 2023

An efficient high dynamic range (HDR) liquid crystal display (LCD) with the excellent performance was developed. The HDR Display technology can enhance the contrast ratio of pictures and reduce power consumption by utilizing adaptive controlled dynamic backlight. Improved methods about simplification of lookup tables (LUT), improvement of accuracy, and maintenance of details and chroma were studied, which make it a promising technique for displays.
50.3: Main Optical Performance Measurement Method of Near‐Eye‐Display Device Based on Binocular Camera
Authors: He Nailong , Zhang Yuning , Weng Yishi , He Lan , Wang Baoping
Published: August 2023

Optical measurement of display equipment has always been the most important means to evaluate its performance, and AR/VR and other Near‐Eye‐Display (NED) is a new type of display equipment. In recent years, its optical performance measurement methods and measuring equipment have been introduced, but the operation is complicated, the cycle is long and the cost is expensive. Therefore, this paper designs a method of measuring the main optical performance parameters of near eye display device based on binocular camera. According to the optical correlation principle of the display device, the derivation modeling, system design and calibration experiments were carried out, so as to realize the convenient, rapid and low‐cost measurement of the main optical performance parameters of the NED device.
53.2: Invited Paper: Evaluation of Optical Performance and Image Quality for Aviation Head‐up Displays (HUDs) Applied Under High Ambient Light
Authors: Mou Tongsheng , Mou Xi
Published: August 2023

The HUD (Head‐Up Display) is an optical display system that is
commonly used in aircraft as a flight aid to project aircraft
flight information onto the display screen (often a type of
transparent flat lens) directly in front of the pilot's field of view.
This allows the pilot to maintain a level view while taking into
account instrument parameters and external visual references
in the same field of view. HUDs allow pilots to see crucial
navigation, flying, and energy management data on a screen at
eye level without having to glance down at their instruments or
take their eyes off the outside world. It has been demonstrated
that HUDs lessen the pilot workload, improve situational
awareness, and decrease accidents. Thus, it is crucial to
characterize optical performance and image quality accurately
and precisely for aircraft HUDs. In this paper, we reviewed the
parameters of optical performance and image quality for
aviation‐type HUDs applied under high ambient light levels.
P‐1.1: User‐behavior based External Compensation for Active‐Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode Displays
Authors: Deng Li'ang , Wu Yuhang , Guo Xiaojun
Published: August 2023

Various compensation methods, including external and
internal compensation method, have been proposed to solve the
non‐uniformity of degradation between different array pixels.
Current commercial methods can be summarized as Edge‐side
self‐compensation method, which has not fully utilized the
information of user behavior to provide the optimized
compensation method for specific user and will result in the waste
of resources. In this paper, we propose a user‐behavior based
external compensation (UBEC) method to provide customized
compensation method for customers. A simulation based on
MATLAB platform is designed to verify the proposed method. The
simulation results on three different App usage scenarios proved
the performance of UBEC method. The resources consumed for
sensing the operating status can be greatly saved with UBEC
method.
P‐2.2: A Method for Measuring AR/VR Pixel Angular Density
Authors: hou Tianwen , Rui Congshan , Liang Jiaojiao , Zhao Lei , Wang Chaohao
Published: August 2023

Head‐mounted displays (HMDs) are becoming increasingly
popular in various industries due to their high resolution and large
field of view. Pixel angular density (PPD), which represents the
number of pixels visible per degree of viewing angle, is a key factor
in evaluating the performance of these displays. However, there is
currently no more reasonable way to measure this performance
metric based on human eye observation. In this paper, we propose
two methods for measuring pixel angular density, one for physical
PPD and the other for effective PPD. These methods can inform
design decisions and optimize their use in various applications.
Standardization of eyeglass display evaluations can also facilitate
their widespread adoption across industries.
P‐2.5: Research on real‐time performance of Road condition display for automatic driving
Authors: Dai Zhenzhao , Li Wanlin
Published: August 2023

In view of the problems of multi‐scale, densely distributed and difficult small target detection in real‐time road condition detection, a new improved
yolov5 real‐time target detection method was
proposed. The activation function in the original
spatial pyramid (SPPF) was replaced by ReLu in the
backbone network to enhance the expression ability of
the model. The bidirectional feature pyramid (BiFPN)
is used to replace the original feature pyramid network (FPN) + pixel aggregation network (PAN) in
the neck area. The bidirectional feature fusion
improves the utilization of multi‐scale semantic
features and strengthens the extraction of image deep
features. The convolutional attention mechanism
(CBAM) is introduced to further improve the feature extraction ability of the algorithm and make the algorithm pay more attention to useful information. The results of self‐made traffic condition data set show that the average accuracy of the improved yolov5 model reaches 81.3%, which is 10.9% higher than that of the original yolov5 model, showing better
detection accuracy and real‐time performance.
Compared with some mainstream target detection algorithms, this algorithm has certain advantages.