bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiagent Strategic Interaction Based on a Game Theoretical Approach to Polarization Reversal in Ferroelectric Capacitors
Authors: Ricinschi Dan ,   Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, G2-25, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan, Tokumitsu Eisuke ,   Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R2-19, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
Published: April 2016

Ferroelectric materials are currently integrated in nonvolatile memory devices, whose principle is to allocate 0 and 1 logic bits to opposite orientations of the spontaneous polarization vector that are permitted by crystal symmetry. Typically made of randomly oriented grains, ferroelectrics tend to split into domains, according to the experienced sequence of electric fields, thermal treatments and any structural imperfections. On this background, we attempt to formulate new principles of exploiting such structural and operational degrees of freedom for unconventional applications of ferroelectrics. In this paper, we envision a new paradigm of ferroelectrics as processors of multiagent strategic interactions, employing unconventional mathematical tools (normally used for optimizing the decision-making process of rational human subjects) for analyzing ferroelectric capacitors’ response to combinatorial pulses. Specifically, we quantify the way microscopic assembly laws of the ferroelectric material mediate the amount of polarization reversed by two electrical pulses using the mathematical theory of games, applied to a strategic interaction between two hypothetical players impersonated by the two pulses. Such socially meaningful implementations of applied mathematics concepts onto an oxide material substrate are worth to consider in view of artificial intelligence applications, adding ferroelectrics to the class of media able to perform unconventional computations.
Network Parameter Setting for Reinforcement Learning Approaches Using Neural Networks
Authors: Yamada Kazuaki ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
Published: April 2016

Reinforcement learning approaches are attracting attention as a technique for constructing a trial-anderror mapping function between sensors and motors of an autonomous mobile robot. Conventional reinforcement learning approaches use a look-up table to express the mapping function between grid state and grid action spaces. The grid size greatly adversely affects the learning performance of reinforcement learning algorithms. To avoid this, researchers have proposed reinforcement learning algorithms using neural networks to express the mapping function between continuous state space and action. A designer, however, must set the number of middle neurons and initial values of weight parameters appropriately to improve the approximate accuracy of neural networks. This paper proposes a new method that automatically sets the number ofmiddle neurons and initial values of weight parameters based on the dimension number of the sensor space. The feasibility of proposed method is demonstrated using an autonomous mobile robot navigation problem and is evaluated by comparing it with two types of Q-learning as follows: Q-learning using RBF networks and Q-learning using neural networks whose parameters are set by a designer.
Neuro-PID Control for Electric Vehicle
Authors: Omatu Shigeru ,   Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan, Yoshioka Michifumi , Fujinaka Toru ,   Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan,   Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan
Published: April 2016

In this paper we consider the neuro-control method and its application to control problems of an electric vehicle. The neuro-control methods adopted here is based on Proportional-plus-Integral-plus-Derivative (PID) control, which has been adopted to solve process control or intelligent control problems. In Japan about eighty four percent of the process industries have used the PID control. After deriving the self-tuning PID control scheme (neuro-PID) using the learning ability of the neural network, we will show the control results by using the speed and torque control of an electric vehicle.
An Unscented Rauch-Tung-Striebel Smoother for a Vehicle Localization Problem
Authors: Razali Saifudin ,   Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, Watanabe Keigo , Maeyama Shoichi , Izumi Kiyotaka ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjomachi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
Published: April 2016

The Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) has become relatively a new technique used in a number of nonlinear estimation problems to overcome the limitation of Taylor series linearization. It uses a deterministic sampling approach known as sigma points to propagate nonlinear systems and has been discussed in many literature. However, a nonlinear smoothing problem has received less attention than the filtering problem. Therefore, in this article an unscented smoother based on Rauch-Tung-Striebel formis examined for discretetime dynamic systems. It has advantages available in unscented transformation over approximation by Taylor expansion as well as its benefit in derivative free. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, the unscented smoother is implemented and evaluated through a vehicle localization problem.
A Workmanlike Orthogonal-Type Robot with a Force Input Device
Authors: Nagata Fusaomi ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Yamaguchi, 1-1-1 Daigaku-Dori, Sanyo-Onoda 756-0884, Japan, Mizobuchi Takanori , Yoshitake Sho , Suzukawa Hitoshi , Ishihara Hiroto , Watanabe Keigo ,   Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
Published: April 2016

In this paper, a workmanlike orthogonal-type robot with a force input device is presented. The control system is composed of a force feedback loop, a position feedback loop and a position feedforward loop. The force feedback loop controls the resultant force consisting of tool contact force and kinetic friction forces. The stability criterion of the force control system is briefly discussed. Also, the position feedback loop controls the position in only pick feed direction. The position feedforward loop leads the tool tip along a desired trajectory called Cutter Location data (CL data), in which the feed rate is suitably generated by a fuzzy reasoning according to each model’s curvature. Further, a fine stick-slip motion control strategy is added to the control system to improve the lapping efficiency. The fine stick-slip motion is orthogonally generated to the direction of tool movement. Finally, a force input device is presented for an operator to manually regulate the desired feed rate or the desired polishing force. The force input device allows the robot to realize cooperative motion between the automatic control and the manual control reflecting the operator’s skill. The effectiveness of the robot is examined through experiments.
Group Behavior Learning in Multi-Agent Systems Based on Social Interaction Among Agents
Authors: Zhang Kun ,   Dept. of System Design Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Maeda Yoichiro , Takahashi Yasutake ,   Dept. of Human and Artificial Intelligent Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
Published: April 2016

Research on multi-agent systems, in which autonomous agents are able to learn cooperative behavior, has been the subject of rising expectations in recent years. We have aimed at the group behavior generation of the multi-agents who have high levels of autonomous learning ability, like that of human beings, through social interaction between agents to acquire cooperative behavior. The sharing of environment states can improve cooperative ability, and the changing state of the environment in the information shared by agents will improve agents’ cooperative ability. On this basis, we use reward redistribution among agents to reinforce group behavior, and we propose a method of constructing a multi-agent system with an autonomous group creation ability. This is able to strengthen the cooperative behavior of the group as social agents.
Network Approach to Inducing Coordinative Structures of Skillful Movements
Authors: Tsujino Masanori ,   Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Fujinami Tsutomu , Nagai Keisuke
Published: April 2016

Even though coordination is the key to explaining skillful movement, as advocated by Bernstein, analyzing the coordinative structure of body parts remains yet to be fully addressed. Pattern matching applied to analyzing skillful movement cannot describe the coordinative structure. A correlation network is useful for identifying the most influential factor in the web of correlations among factors. The correlation network is thus thought to be effective in analyzing coordinative structures because it enables us to identify the body partmost influential in skillful movement. As an example of skillful movement, we investigated traditional Japanese Heike-daiko drumming to see if we could describe the coordinative structure through this approach. We created correlation networks among body parts involved in playing the Heike-daiko. We asked a Heike-daiko player to play a rhythmic pattern typical of traditional drumming and collected data on movement using a motion capture device. We split the performance sequence into 10 sections, each exhibiting a unique characteristic of the player. It was difficult for onlookers to distinguish these 10 patterns because differences were too subtle to recognize visually. By applying our method to data, we found overlaps among the 10 sections in that the same set of body parts tends to form a network through the sequence. Results suggest that movement similarities and differences can be captured by comparing correlation networks among body parts. We also found two classes of coordinative structure, one reflecting our anatomical structure and the other quite different from it. We found that second class classifies skillful movement.
A Classification of Postural Sway Patterns During Upright Stance in Healthy Adults and Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Yamamoto Tomohisa ,   Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan, Suzuki Yasuyuki , Nomura Kunihiko , Nomura Taishin , Tanahashi Takao , Fukada Kei , Endo Takayuki , Sakoda Saburo ,   Department of Business Information, Osaka University of Economics, Osaka, Japan,   Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,   Department of Neurology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan,   Toneyama National Hospital, Osaka Japan
Published: April 2016

The intermittent control during human quiet upright stance is a new hypothesis which claims that the active neural feedback control generating the ankle muscle torque is switched off and on intermittently at appropriate timings. The intermittent strategy is capable of providing compliant posture while ensuring robust stability. Contrastingly, impairment of postural reflexes in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) causes postural instability. Here we hypothesize that the instability in PD patients might be due to a loss of appropriate intermittent activations in the feedback muscle torque during stance. In order to provide evidence for this hypothesis, we characterized stochastic postural sway patterns measured as changes in center of pressure (CoP) and activities of ankle muscles during quiet stance in healthy young and elderly subjects as well as PD patients. To this end, sway patterns and associated ankle muscle activities were quantified by several indices including the CoP sway area, scaling factors of double-power-law power spectra of the sway, as well as levels and patterns of the muscle activations. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to suggest that the sway patterns could be classified into two major types. The first type consisted mainly of sway and muscle activation patterns from healthy subjects and some PD patients with the mild level of severity, and they showed features indicating the intermittent control. The second type, consisting mainly of PD patients with relatively severe levels of motor symptoms, was accompanied with non-intermittent but tonic muscle activities and sway areas either smaller or larger than those in the first type. Moreover, the major two types were further classified into several subtypes with distinguishable characteristics. Results suggested that a loss of the intermittent activations in the ankle muscles could be a cause of the postural instability for a population of PD patients.
Acquisition of Embodied Knowledge on Gesture Motion by Singular Value Decomposition
Authors: Hayashi Isao ,   Graduate School of Informatics, Kansai University, 2-1-1 Ryozenji-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1095, Japan, Jiang Yinlai , Wang Shuoyu ,   School of Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuti, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
Published: April 2016

Communication is classified in terms of verbal and nonverbal information. We discuss an acquisition method of knowledge from nonverbal information. In particular, a gesture is an efficient form of nonverbal communication as well as in verbal ways, and we formulate here a method that measures similarity and estimation between gestures. A gesture includes human embodied knowledge, and therefore the visible bodily actions can communicate particular messages. However, we have infinite patterns for gesture, determined by personality. Recently, the singular spectrum analysis method is utilized as an attractive method. In this paper, we propose a new method for acquiring embodied knowledge from time-series data on gestures using singular value decomposition. The motion behavior is categorized into several clusters with similarity and estimation between interval time-series data. We discuss the usefulness of the proposed method using an example of gesture motion.
Extraction of Coordinative Structures of Motions by Segmentation Using Singular Spectrum Transformation
Authors: Nakanishi Hiroaki ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshidahonmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan, Kanata Sayaka , Hattori Hirofumi , Sawaragi Tetsuo , Horiguchi Yukio
Published: April 2016

In this article, we focus on the coordinative structure of human behavior, which contributes to specifying dynamics from time-series kinematic data. We propose a method for the extraction of dynamical interaction from time-series data of human behavior using Singular Spectrum Transformation. Using the proposed method, human behavior can be described as a letter string whose letters indicate where the motion segmentation is detected. We also discuss a method of extracting coordinative structures by constructing multiple alignments from the timing structure of extracted motion change points. To confirm the effectivity of the proposed method, the results of motion analysis are shown.
Analysis of Driver Perceptions and Behavior When Driving in an Unfamiliar Traffic Regulation
Authors: Nakayasu Hidetoshi ,   Faculty of Intelligence and Informatics, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501, Japan, Miyoshi Tetsuya , Kondo Nobuhiko , Aoki Hirokazu , Patterson Patrick ,   Faculty of Business and Informatics, Toyohashi Sozo University, 20-1 Matsushita, Ushikawa, Toyohashi, Aichi 440-8511, Japan,   Otemae University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 662-8552, Japan,   Hitachi, Ltd. Information & Telecommuniction System Company, Shinsuna Plaze 6-27, Shinsuna 1, Koto-ku, Tokyo 136-8632, Japan,   Department of Industrial Engineering, Texas Tech University, 201 Industrial Engineering Building, Lubbock, TX, USA
Published: April 2016

The relationships between eye movement and behavior when driving in situations of familiar and unfamiliar highway regulations was investigated using a driving simulator and an eye tracking system. The experimental system proposed in this paper is useful for analyzing human error induced from differing traffic regulations, specifically between Japan and USA scenarios. It was found, from the time histories of eye movements by synchronizing vehicle trajectories, the different traffic regulations of Japan and USA caused an overshooting when taking right turns and an undershooting when taking left turns. Such overshooting and undershooting may lead to head-on crashes. It was also noted that duration time and number of eye fixation during overshooting or undershooting increased when compared to situations without overshooting and undershooting.
Improving the Robustness of Instance-Based Reinforcement Learning Robots by Metalearning
Authors: Yasuda Toshiyuki ,   Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan, Araki Kousuke , Ohkura Kazuhiro
Published: April 2016

Learning autonomous robots have been widely discussed in recent years. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a popular method in this domain. However, its performance is quite sensitive to the segmentation of state and action spaces. To overcome this problem, we developed the new technique Bayesian-discriminationfunction-based RL (BRL). BRL has proven to be more effective than other standard RL algorithms in dealing withmulti-robot system(MRS) problems. However, as in most learning systems, occasional overfitting problems occur in BRL. This paper introduces an extended BRL for improving the robustness of MRSs. Metalearning based on the information entropy of fired rules is adopted for adaptive modification of its learning parameters. Computer simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Performance Analysis of Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Takata Tomohisa ,   Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan, Isokawa Teijiro , Matsui Nobuyuki
Published: April 2016

Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm (QEA) is an extension of evolutionary algorithm in which quantum mechanics and its representations are introduced. A chromosome in QEA is represented as a series of qubits (quantum bits), and phase-rotation gates are embedded into the selection process over generations. This algorithm has been shown to have better performances than the classical ones in small benchmark problems, but this has not yet been applied to larger scale problems. We show the performances of this QEA by solving the Knapsack problem, maximum search problem, and construction of image filter. We also investigate the diversity of individuals in a population in order to estimate the robustness against environmental changes.
Solving the Binding Problem with Separated Extraction of Information by Oscillatory Self-Organizing Maps
Authors: Miyata Ryota ,   Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-G5-17, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan, Kurata Koji ,   Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
Published: April 2016

One solution to the binding problem is the hypothesis that property binding should be represented by phaselocking among neuronal oscillatory firing. We introduce this synchronous firing hypothesis into the selforganizing maps, or SOMs. Here we propose oscillatory self-organizing maps. Using the computer simulation, we show that our model composed of the oscillatory SOMs can separate and extract information of the shapes and the colors from two simultaneous inputs, solving the binding problem.
Multi-Objective Scheduling for Space Science Missions
Authors: Johnston Mark D. ,   Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA, Giuliano Mark E. ,   Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21219, USA
Published: April 2016

We have developed an architecture called MUSE (Multi-User Scheduling Environment) to enable the integration of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms with existing domain planning and scheduling tools. Our approach is intended to make it possible to reuse existing software, while obtaining the advantages of multi-objective optimization algorithms. This approach enables multiple participants to actively engage in the optimization process, each representing one or more objectives in the optimization problem. As initial applications, we apply our approach to scheduling the James Webb Space Telescope, where three objectives aremodeled: minimizing wasted time, minimizing the number of observations that miss their last planning opportunity in a year, and minimizing the (vector) build up of angularmomentumthat would necessitate the use of mission critical propellant to dump the momentum. As a second application area, we model aspects of the Cassini science planning process, including the trade-off between collecting data (subject to onboard recorder capacity) and transmitting saved data to Earth. A third mission application is that of scheduling the Cluster 4-spacecraft constellation plasma experiment. In this paper we describe our overall architecture and our adaptations for these different application domains. We also describe our plans for applying this approach to other science mission planning and scheduling problems in the future.
Benefits of Using Innovative Tools for Diagnostics and Planning in ESA Mission Operations
Authors: Donati Alessandro ,   Advanced Mission Concepts and Technologies Office, ESA-ESOC, European Space Agency, Robert-Bosch-Str. 5, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany, Martinez-Heras Jose Antonio , Policella Nicola
Published: April 2016

Future European Space Agency (ESA) space missions are demanding and driving new operations concepts for increased on-board autonomy, for flexible and robust planning and scheduling services, and for ground capabilities to agglomerate and process a huge amount of downlinked data (e.g., tens of thousands of telemetry parameters) to extract high-level information and knowledge. Mission control will have to cope with maintaining and programming challenging missions such as interplanetary probes, complex scientific missions, and a constellation of earth-observation missions. The process of innovation in these areas is already progressing at the European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) of the ESA, and this paper highlights specific achievements and trends in the area of spacecraft diagnosis and mission planning and scheduling by making use of a variety of technologies and techniques. The discussion then focuses on the tools’ operational impact and on the expected trends in the future.
Development of an Intelligent Simulator with SLAM Functions for Visual Autonomous Landing on Small Celestial Bodies
Authors: Cocaud Cedric ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tokyo, ISAS campus 3-1-1, Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan, Kubota Takashi ,   Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (JAXA/ISAS), ISAS campus 3-1-1, Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
Published: April 2016

As space agencies are currently looking at Near Earth Asteroids as a next step on their exploration roadmap, high precision autonomous landing control schemes will be required for upcoming missions. In this paper, an intelligent simulator is proposed to reproduce all of the visual and dynamic aspects required to test an autonomous Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) system. The proposed simulator provides position and attitude information to a spacecraft during its approach descent and Landing phase toward the surface of an asteroid or other small celestial bodies. Because the SLAM system makes use of navigation cameras and a range sensor moving with the spacecraft as it approaches the surface, the simulator is also developed to reproduce a fully integrated 3D environment using computer graphics technology that mimics the noise, image detail and real-time performances of the navigation cameras and the range sensors. This paper describes the architecture and capability of the developed simulator and the SLAM system for which it is designed. The developed simulator is evaluated by using the specifications of the onboard sensors used in the Hayabusa spacecraft sent by JAXA/ISAS to the Itokawa asteroid in 2003.
Improving Recovery Capability of Multiple Robots in Different Scale Structure Assembly
Authors: Otani Masayuki ,   Department of Informatics, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan, Hattori Kiyohiko , Sato Hiroyuki , Takadama Keiki
Published: April 2016

This paper focuses on the distributed control of multiple robots that may be broken and investigates recovery capability, which means how robots can complete assembly, when some are broken, through the assembly of a different-scale solar-powered satellite. We thus conduct simulation at different failure rates of robots that use our proposed deadlock avoidance. Through intensive simulation, we show that (1) our proposed method with no information sharing keeps high recovery capability and (2) this method is robust against differences in structure scale.
Enhancing a Fuzzy Failure Mode and Effect Analysis Methodology with an Analogical Reasoning Technique
Authors: Jee Tze Ling ,   University Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia, Tay Kai Meng , Ng Chee Khoon
Published: April 2016

In this paper, a fuzzy Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) methodology incorporating an analogical reasoning technique is presented. FMEA methodology was introduced as a formal and systematic procedure for evaluation of risk associated with potential failure modes in the 1960s. Bowles and Peláez [1] proposed a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS)-based Risk Priority Number (RPN) model as an alternative to the conventional RPN model. For an FIS-based RPN (a three-input FIS model), a large set of fuzzy rules are required, and it is tedious to collect the full set of rules. With the grid partition strategy, the number of fuzzy rules required increases in an exponential manner, and this phenomenon is known as the “curse of dimensionality” or the combinatorial rule explosion problem. Hence, a rule selection and similarity reasoning technique, i.e., Approximate Analogical Reasoning Schema (AARS) technique are implemented in a fuzzy FMEA in order to solve the problem. The experiment was conducted using a set of data collected from a semiconductor manufacturing line, i.e., underfill dispensing process, and promising results were obtained.
An Interactive Map Search System Using Wavelet and Shape Contexts
Authors: Shin Jungpil ,   Graduate School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu City, Fukushima 965-8580, Japan, Liao Hsien-Chou ,   Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifong E. Rd., Wufong District, Taichung 41349, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Published: April 2016

In this paper a new interactive map search system is presented using shape context and bipartite graph matching. Shape context is used for measuring shape similarity and the recovering of point correspondences. After the above information is generated from the shape context bipartite graph matching is used to obtain the optimal correspondence between two shapes. Hierarchical description is also used to increase the recognition rate. Shape context is a method to treat shapes as a set of points and generate the histogram of the distribution of points. Wavelet analysis is used in hierarchical description. In order to shorten the calculation time, piecewise linear approximation is implemented as the feature extraction method. The systemlists the sixmost similar shapes to hand-written input shapes from the reference shapes, i.e., Japan’s 47 prefectures. Comparison results of linear matching, Dynamic Programming (DP) matching and shape context with bipartite graph matching indicate that the 1st place recognition rates are 82%, 84.52% and 92.45%, respectively. The evaluation result of hierarchical description shows that hierarchical approximation can improve the recognition rate from 92.45 to 94.97% using the deepest-4 depth. These results show that the proposed method is effective on fulfilling the interactive map search system.
Mutual Localization of Multiple Sensor Node Robots
Authors: Naruse Keitaro ,   School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Tsuruga, Ikki-machi, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Fukushima 965-0006, Japan, Fukui Shigekazu , Luo Jie
Published: April 2016

The objective of this paper is to develop a localization systemof cooperativemultiple mobile robots, in which each robot is assumed to observe a set of known landmarks and equipped with an omnidirectional camera. In this paper, it is assumed that a robot can detect other robots by using the omnidirectional camera, share its estimated position with others, and utilize shared positions for its localization. In other words, each robot can be viewed as an additional mobile landmark to a set of stationary landmarks. A foremost concern is how well this system performs localization under a limited amount of information. This paper presents an investigation of self localization error of each robot in a group using Extended Kalman Filter to solve the localization problem with the insufficient landmarks and inaccurate position information.
Spatial Localization of Concurrent Multiple Sound Sources Using Phase Candidate Histogram
Authors: Li Huakang ,   Department of Computer, Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800, Dongchuan RD., Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China, Huang Jie , Guo Minyi , Zhao Qunfei
Published: April 2016

Mobile robots communicating with people would benefit from being able to detect sound sources to help localize interesting events in real-life settings. We propose using a spherical robot with four microphones to determine the spatial locations of multiple sound sources in ordinary rooms. The arrival temporal disparities from phase difference histograms are used to calculate the time differences. A precedence effect model suppresses the influence of echoes in reverberant environments. To integrate spatial cues of different microphones, we map the correlation between different microphone pairs on a 3D map corresponding to the azimuth and elevation of sound source direction. Results of experiments indicate that our proposed system provides sound source distribution very clearly and precisely, even concurrently in reverberant environments with the Echo Avoidance (EA) model.
A Study on Computational Efficiency and Plasticity in Baldwinian Learning
Authors: Liu Shu ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Iba Hitoshi
Published: April 2016

Baldwinian evolution is a hybridization of populationbased search and local refinements. Unlike in Lamarckian evolution, selection is made based on fitness improved in local refining, but refined traits are not known to offspring. For potential use in computational applications, we must investigate the Baldwinian evolutionmechanism, in term of computational cost and fitness improvement. In this paper, a set of experiments is presented, to find what is produced in Baldwinian learning. We found that, on the static landscapes involved, learning cost is paid to maintain a certain level of potential to reach good solutions, rather than to further explore on the landscape. Plasticity codes in genotypes can help in selecting appropriate parts to refine and improve search performance. However, this improvement remains limited because no learned traits are passed on, and does not enable exploration far beyond parents.
Multi-Space Competitive DGA for Model Selection and its Application to Localization of Multiple Signal Sources
Authors: Ishikawa Shudai ,   Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology Kitakyushu, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0196, Japan, Misawa Hideaki , Kubota Ryosuke , Tokiwa Tatsuji , Horio Keiichi , Yamakawa Takeshi ,   Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Ube National College of Technology, 2-14-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8555, Japan,   Fuzzy Logic Systems Institute, 680-41 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-0067, Japan
Published: April 2016

In this paper, a new optimization method, which is effective for the problems that the optimum solution should be searched in several solution spaces, is proposed. The proposed method is an extension of Distributed Genetic Algorithm (DGA), in which each subpopulation searches a solution in the corresponding solution space. Through the competition between the sub-populations, population sizes are adequately and gradually changed. By the change of the population size, the appropriate sub-population attracts many individuals. The changing population size yield the efficient search for the problems of searching for solutions in multiple spaces. In order to evaluate the proposed method, it is applied to a polynomial curve fitting and signal source localization, in which the number of sources is preliminarily unknown. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Visual Analysis of Health Checkup Data Using Multidimensional Scaling
Authors: Yamamoto Keiko ,   Department of Information Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan, Tamura Satoshi , Hayamizu Satoru , Kinosada Yasutomi
Published: April 2016

The objective of this study is the presentation of an analytical method to support health consultants, thereby establishing an analytical method that enables them to select subjects for health guidance using health checkup data and to derive a suitable guidance policy for each subject. This paper examines an analysis method that maps a health checkup using Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS). MDS mapping of multivariate health checkup data for a health checkup examinee on a two-dimensional plane facilitates comprehension of a subject’s health condition easily as visual information. This study focuses on the efficacy of visualization from the viewpoint of supporting health consultants. The mode of display by MDS facilitates visual confirmation that groups outside of the scope of health guidance and at high risk are shown in a contrastive position. In addition, a medium risk group was plotted into an in-between position. A plot ofmore detailed classification for all inspection items suggests by concurrence an increased risk. Results of this study indicate that its coordinates are effective both in determining a subject’s health condition intuitively and in use as one index of risk formetabolic syndrome. These results are therefore considered useful for formulating health guidance plans such as priority issues.
Ruby Implementation of the OpenEHR Specifications
Authors: Kobayashi Shinji ,   Department of Bioregulatory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, To-on city, Ehime 791-0295, Japan, Tatsukawa Akimichi ,   Department of Medical Informatics and Economics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-chome, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
Published: April 2016

The openEHR project has developed specifications for future-proof interoperable Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems [1]. This project provides the specifications and implementation on which the ISO/CEN 13606 standards are based. The implementation has been formally described in Eiffel, C# and Java, but not in scripting languages (which are popular because of their higher efficiency and faster development). We have used the Ruby language to implement the openEHR specifications for the efficient development of new healthcare computing environments, and to investigate the universal applicability of these specifications. Our Ruby implementation covers almost all of the specifications and the Archetype Definition Language parser, and although some problems have emerged, most of them have been resolved. We are attempting to apply this platform to Ruby on Rails to obtain a rapid development environment for an EHR system.
New Method to Assist Discrimination of Liver Diseases by Spherical SOM with Mahalanobis Distance
Authors: Kanzaki Norie ,   Graduate School of Systems Engineering, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan, Kanagawa Akihiro ,   Faculty of Computer Science & Systems Engineering, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
Published: April 2016

Spherical SOM, an improved version of a kind of neutral network SOM, has successfully been applied to data analysis in a variety of fields achieving effective results. However, distance measure of commercial spherical SOM is limited to the Euclidean distance and it is not suitable enough to the analysis of biased data such as blood test results. The Mahalanobis distance is said to be effective for the analysis of such medical data. Therefore it is expected that better results should be obtained if spherical SOM with Mahalanobis distance is applied to the analysis of medical data. In this paper, we take blood test items as multi-dimensional vectors and convert the input data into Mahalanobis distance with the aim of developing an automated diagnosis system by spherical SOM with Mahalanobis distance as pseudo input data. Conversion of the input data into Mahalanobis distance ensures correct evaluations of the biased data of blood test results at the same time allowing automated diagnosis based on doctors’ intuitions and experiences. We have grouped subjects of diagnosis whose features were not well discriminated by conventional Mahalanobis distance and have administered detailed discrimination by the group and obtained better discrimination rates. While in the conventional studies TP rates for the following five categories, no liverrelated problem, hepatoma (liver cancer), acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, were 100%, 70%, 100%, 80% and 60% respectively, they were 96%, 80%, 71%, 86% and 91% respectively with the proposed method. Significant results were obtained overall except for acute hepatitis.
A Study on the Possibility of Applying Subliminal Visual Cue for Guiding Subject’s Attention
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi ,   Shonan Institute of Technology, 1-1-25 Tsujido-Nishikaigan, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8511, Japan, Honda Hirohiko
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a new warning method for increasing drivers’ sensitivity for recognizing hazardous factors in the driving environment. The method is based on a subliminal effect. In this study, the presentation of a visual cue at a lower contrast ratio than that of the background scenery was investigated as subliminal visual information instead of flashing information quickly. This method was chosen in consideration of its use in real-world driving situations where changes in ambient brightness are among the biggest visual disturbances experienced by drivers. Accordingly, it is necessary to have amethod that is applicable in the context of dynamic changes in brightness. The results of many experiments performed with a threedimensional head-mounted display show that the response time for detecting a flashing mark tended to decrease when a subliminal mark was shown in advance. A priming effect is observed for subliminal visual information. This paper also proposes a scenario for implementing this method in real vehicles.
A Study on the Change of Operation of Driving Video Game Under Ultrasound Exposure
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi ,   Shonan Institute of Technology, 1-1-25 Tsujido-Nishikaigan, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8511, Japan, Honda Hirohiko
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a preliminary study on the influences on an operator’s maneuver by the ultrasound signal. The lap time of driving computer video game course, that is, the performance index of operation, is measured for each subject with or without ultrasound signal exposure. Results show that the operational characteristics of several subjects are changed by the ultrasound environment. Subjects tend to concentrate on handling the driving and decreasing an attention to check the over speed driving during ultrasound exposure. We discuss the relationship between the ultrasound signal and the operator’s behavior.
Efficiency Improvement of Information Acquisition in PC Operation with Auditory Signal
Authors: Honda Hirohiko ,   Applied Computer Sciences, Shonan Institute of Technology, 1-1-25 Tsujido-Nishikaigan, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8511, Japan, Tobita Kazuko ,   Shonan Institute of Technology, 1-1-25 Tsujido-Nishikaigan, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8511, Japan
Published: April 2016

When using a personal computer (PC), the visually impaired and patients who have difficulty in maintaining a posture have a hard time in utilizing applications that rely on the state of the screen or GUI. In this study we designed a system that uses auditory signals effectively so that the changes in sound, rhythm, and tone enable the users to understand the current state and recognize transition of states. We focus on a mailing tool this time and make auditory signals selectable according to user characteristics by modifying artificial auditory signals that are similar to environmental sounds and combining them with voice synthesis. We discuss the meaning of the assistive tool that depends less on the screen.
On Entropy Based Fuzzy Non Metric Model – Proposal, Kernelization and Pairwise Constraints –
Authors: Endo Yasunori ,   Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
Published: April 2016

The fuzzy non metric model is a kind of clustering method in which belongingness or the membership grade of each datum to each cluster is calculated directly from dissimilarities between data, and cluster centers are not used. In this paper, we first construct a new fuzzy non metric model with entropy regularization. Second, we kernelize the proposed method by introducing kernel functions. Third, we consider pairwise constraints with the proposed method. We then confirm the above methods through some simple numerical examples.
Proposal of the Continuous-Valued Penalty Avoiding Rational Policy Making Algorithm
Authors: Miyazaki Kazuteru ,   Research Department, National Institution for Academic Degrees and University Evaluation, 1-29-1 Gakuennishimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8587, Japan
Published: April 2016

Applying reinforcement learning to actual problems, sometimes requires the treatment of continuousvalued input and output. We previously proposed a process calledExploitation-oriented Learning(XoL) to strongly enhance successful experience and thereby reduce the number of trial-and-error searches. A method based on Penalty-Avoiding Rational Policymaking (PARP) is proposed as a XoL method corresponding to continuous-valued input, but types of action treating continuous-valued output are not executed. We study the treatment of continuous-valued output suitable for a XoL method in which the environment includes both a reward and a penalty. We extend PARP in continuous-valued input to continuousvalued output. We apply our proposal to the pole-cart balancing problem and the biped LEGO robot, and confirm its effectiveness.
Visualization of the Internet News Based on Efficient Self-Organizing Map Using Restricted Region Search and Dimensionality Reduction
Authors: Toyota Tetsuya ,   Department of Intelligent Interaction Technologies, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tenoudai, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Nobuhara Hajime ,   Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Sumitomo Ichibancho FS Bldg., 8 Ichibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we propose a system to visualize the relationships in huge quantities of Internet news by twodimensional self-organizing maps instead of the conventional methods of listing Internet news. In the proposed method, morphological analysis is conducted on the texts of Internet news to generate input vectors with elements of keywords. The characteristics specific to Internet news that many of the vector elements become sparse allows dimensional reductions as well as speeding up of self-organizing mapping with restricted search regions in learning. We verify through evaluation experiments with the data of 80 pieces of news that the proposed system can reduce computation time by 75% to 99% and can create more efficient SOM compared with the generally available SOM.
Musical Expression Generation Reflecting User’s Impression by Kansei Space and Fuzzy Rules
Authors: Suzuki Mio ,   Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Onisawa Takehisa
Published: April 2016

This paper proposes a generation method of musical expression based on a performer’s impression. The musical expression generation method consists of two procedures: image estimation and derivation of parameter values ofmusical expressions. In the image estimation procedure, an adjective, i.e., an image word, is mapped into the Kansei space. In the parameter values derivation procedure, parameter values of musical expression, tempo, volume and length of a note, are obtained by mapping from the Kansei space to the parameters’ space by fuzzy inference. The validity of the proposed method and the influence of music genres on musical expression generation are confirmed by subject experiments. From the experimental results it is found that the proposedmethod successfully generates musical expression reflecting impressions and musical expression in several genres.
CogInfoCom Systems from an Interaction Perspective – A Pilot Application for EtoCom –
Authors: Persa Gyorgy ,   Computer and Automation Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Kende u. 13-17, Budapest 1111, Hungary, Csapo Adam , Baranyi Péter ,   Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2 Magyar Tudosok Krt., Budapest 1117, Hungary
Published: April 2016

Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom) is a newly emerging research field that investigates the link between infocommunications and the cognitive sciences, with the goal of creating engineering systems in which artificial and natural cognitive systems can work together more effectively. In this paper, we describe the structure of CogInfoCom systems from an interaction perspective. Through the discussions in this paper, our goal is to further clarify the relationship between CogInfoCom and the various research areas that deal with behavioral and structural systems modeling. In order to demonstrate the theoretical aspects of the subject, we describe a pilot application which was developed during the EtoCom project.