bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Parathyroid Glands with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography After Thyroidectomy
Authors: Rudin Anatoliy V. , McKenzie Travis J. , Thompson Geoffrey B. , Farley David R. , Lyden Melanie L.
Published: January 2019

Background

Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICGA) is a new adjunct that has been used in surgical procedures to assess blood flow. This study evaluated the utility of ICGA compared to visual inspection to predict parathyroid function, guide autotransplantation and potentially decrease permanent hypoparathyroidism.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of patients who underwent total or near‐total thyroidectomy (T‐NT) between January 2015 and March 2018. Patients with preoperative hyperparathyroidism and those undergoing reoperation were excluded. Patients who had ICGA were compared to T‐NT patients without ICGA. Data were analyzed to assess the frequency of autotransplantation and incidence of hypoparathyroidism between groups.

Results

In total, 210 patients underwent T‐NT: 86 with ICGA and 124 without. Autotransplantation was more common in the ICGA group at 36% compared to 12% in the control (p = 0.0001). There was no correlation with at least one normal parathyroid gland on ICGA and postoperative PTH levels (p = 0.75). There was a difference in having normal postoperative PTH when there were at least two normal parathyroid glands (n = 50) compared to patients with less than two normal ICGA glands (n = 36, p = 0.044). Visual assessment and ICGA assessment of vascularity were in agreement, 245/281 (87%). There were 19 glands (6.8%) that would have undergone autotransplant based on visual inspection that had adequate blood supply on ICGA. Transient hypoparathyroidism was present in 45 out of 124 controls (36%) and 32 out of 86 (37%) in the ICG group.

Conclusions

ICGA is a novel technique that may improve the assessment of parathyroid gland blood supply compared to visual inspection. ICGA can guide more appropriate autotransplantation without compromising postoperative parathyroid function. At least two vascularized glands on ICGA may predict postoperative parathyroid gland function.
18F‐Fluorocholine PET/CT and Parathyroid 4D Computed Tomography for Primary Hyperparathyroidism: The Challenge of Reoperative Patients
Authors: Amadou Coralie , Bera Géraldine , Ezziane Malek , Chami Linda , Delbot Thierry , Rouxel Agnès , Leban Monique , Herve Genevieve , Menegaux Fabrice , Leenhardt Laurence , Kas Aurélie , Trésallet Christophe , Ghander Cécile , Lussey‐Lepoutre Charlotte
Published: January 2019

Background

To evaluate FCH‐PET/CT and parathyroid 4D‐CT so as to guide surgery in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) and prior neck surgery.

Methods

Medical records of all patients referred for a FCH‐PET/CT in our institution were systematically reviewed. Only patients with pHPT, a history of neck surgery (for pHPT or another reason) and an indication of reoperation were included. All patients had parathyroid ultrasound (US) and Tc‐99m‐sestaMIBI scintigraphy, and furthermore, some patients had 4D‐CT. Gold standard was defined by pathological findings and/or US‐guided fine‐needle aspiration with PTH level measurement in the washing liquid.

Results

Twenty‐nine patients were included in this retrospective study. FCH‐PET/CT identified 34 abnormal foci including 19 ectopic localizations. 4D‐CT, performed in 20 patients, detected 11 abnormal glands at first reading and 6 more under FCH‐PET/CT guidance. US and Tc‐99m‐sestaMIBI found concordant foci in 8/29 patients. Gold standard was obtained for 32 abnormal FCH‐PET/CT foci in 27 patients. On a per‐lesion analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were, respectively, 96%, 13%, 77% and 50% for FCH‐PET/CT, 75%, 40%, 80% and 33% for 4D‐CT. On a per‐patient analysis, sensitivity was 85% for FCH‐PET/CT and 63% for 4D‐CT. FCH‐PET/CT results made it possible to successfully remove an abnormal gland in 21 patients, including 12 with a negative or discordant US/Tc‐99m‐sestaMIBI scintigraphy result, with a global cure rate of 73%.

Conclusion

FCH‐PET/CT is a promising tool in the challenging population of reoperative patients with pHPT. Parathyroid 4D‐CT appears as a confirmatory imaging modality.
Association Between Alcohol Use and Female Sexual Dysfunction From the Data Registry on Experiences of Aging, Menopause, and Sexuality (DREAMS)
Authors: Kling Juliana M. , Sidhu Kimran , Rullo Jordan , Mara Kristin C. , Frohmader Hilsaca Karla S. , Kapoor Ekta , Faubion Stephanie S.
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Sexual dysfunction is a common problem in women and the nature of its association with alcohol use remains unclear.

Aim

To explore the association between alcohol use and female sexual dysfunction (FSD).

Methods

Associations between self-reported drinking and sexual function were evaluated in 2,253 women presenting for consultation to a women’s health specialty clinic. A short version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) was used to evaluate alcohol use. Women with an AUDIT-C ≥3 were considered at risk for hazardous drinking. Multivariable regression, controlling for depression, anxiety, and abuse (childhood and recent), was used to assess the association between alcohol consumption and FSD (defined as a Female Sexual Function Index [FSFI] ≤26.55 and Female Sexual Distress Scale [FSDS] ≥11) in sexually active women.

Main Outcome Measure

The main study outcome measure was the presence of FSD as defined by a score ≤26.55 on the FSFI and ≥11 on the FSDS.

Results

57% of the 1,649 sexually active women were classified as having FSD; 80% reported any alcohol use and 38% reported drinking patterns with the potential to be hazardous. The women at risk for hazardous drinking had significantly higher FSFI domain scores indicating better sexual function (P ≤ .001). However, in multivariable analyses, there was no significant difference in the rates of FSD across alcohol use categories in women.

Conclusion

In women presenting for consultation to a women’s health specialty clinic, an association between alcohol use and FSFI scores was seen, in which greater risk of hazardous drinking was associated with better sexual function scores. However, when sexual distress was included to define sexual dysfunction, those with FSD were not at higher risk of hazardous drinking. Given the complex nature of FSD, additional study is needed to further clarify these relationships.
Austrian Capital Theory
Authors: Lewin Peter , Cachanosky Nicolas
Published: January 2019

This Element presents a new framework for Austrian Capital Theory, starting from the notion that capital is value. Capital is the value attributed by the valuer at any moment in time to the combination of production-goods and labor available for production. Capital is the result obtained by calculating the current value of a business-unit or business-project that employs resources over time. It is the result of a (subjective) entrepreneurial calculation process that relates the flow of consumptions goods to the value of the productive resources that will produce those consumptions goods. The entrepreneur is a ubiquitous calculating presence. In a review of the development of Austrian Capital Theory, by Carl Manger, Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich Hayek, Ludwig Lachmann as well as recent contributions, the Element incorporates the seminal contributions into the new framework in order to provide a more accessible perspective on Austrian Capital Theory.
Optimal location of set-aside areas to reduce nitrogen pollution: a modelling study
Authors: Casal L. , Durand P. , Akkal-Corfini N. , Benhamou C. , Laurent F. , Salmon-Monviola J. , Vertès F.
Published: January 2019

Distributed models and a good knowledge of the catchment studied are required to assess mitigation measures for nitrogen (N) pollution. A set of alternative scenarios (change of crop management practices and different strategies of landscape management, especially different sizes and distribution of set-aside areas) were simulated with a fully distributed model in a small agricultural catchment. The results show that current practices are close to complying with current regulations, which results in a limited effect of the implementation of best crop management practices. The location of set-aside zones is more important than their size in decreasing nitrate fluxes in stream water. The most efficient location is the lower parts of hillslopes, combining the dilution effect due to the decrease of N input per unit of land and the interception of nitrate transferred by sub-surface flows. The main process responsible for the interception effect is probably uptake by grassland and retention in soils since the denitrification load tends to decrease proportionally to N input and, for the scenarios considered, is lower in the interception scenarios than in the corresponding dilution zones.
Suboptimalities for sure: Arguments from evolutionary theory
Authors: Withagen Rob , van der Kamp John , de Wit Matthieu
Published: January 2019

Rahnev & Denison (R&D) addressed the issue of (sub)optimalities in perception but only made a passing reference to evolutionary thinking. In our commentary, we concur with the authors’ claim that evolution does not work toward optimalities, but argue that an evolutionary perspective on perception questions the Bayesian approach that the authors adopted.
Dying for your group or for your faith? On the power of belief
Authors: Boudry Maarten
Published: January 2019

Whitehouse's theory offers one plausible pathway toward extreme self-sacrifice, but it fails to explain sacrificial acts that are inspired by heartfelt ideological beliefs, including jihadi terrorism and mass suicide in cults. If he wants to offer a “single overarching theory” of self-sacrifice, he will need to take seriously the power of belief.
Communal sharing/identity fusion does not require reflection on episodic memory of shared experience or trauma – and usually generates kindness
Authors: Thomsen Lotte , Fiske Alan P.
Published: January 2019

Identity fusion is remarkably similar to the extensively validated construct of communal sharing, proposed in 1991. Both posit that notions of oneness/unity/equivalence with others underpin altruism. However, we argue that oneness/equivalence instantiates an evolved, innate relational form, marked and constituted by cultural practices making participants’ bodies substantially the same. It is intuitive from earliest development, often encompasses persons whom one has never met, and results mostly in caring.
A Feedback Linearization-Based Motion Controller for a UWMR with Experimental Evaluations
Authors: Montoya-Villegas Luis , Moreno-Valenzuela Javier , Pérez-Alcocer Ricardo
Published: January 2019

In this paper, the feedback linearization approach is used to introduce a motion controller for unicycle-type wheeled mobile robots (UWMRs). The output function is defined as a linear combination of the error state. The novel scheme is firstly tested in numerical simulation and compared with its corresponding experimental result. Three controllers are taken from the literature and compared to the proposed approach by means of experiments. The gains of the experimentally tested controllers are selected to obtain identical energy consumption. The Optitrack commercial vision system and Pioneer P3-DX UWMR are used in real-time experimental tests. In addition, two sets of experimental results for different motion tasks are provided. The results show that the proposed controller presents the best tracking accuracy.
Learning speech-internal cues to pronoun interpretation from co-speech gesture: a training study
Authors: GOODRICH SMITH Whitney , BLACK Alexis K. , HUDSON KAM Carla L.
Published: January 2019

This study explores whether children can learn a structural processing bias relevant to pronoun interpretation from brief training. Over three days, 42 five-year-olds were exposed to narratives exhibiting a first-mentioned tendency. Two characters were introduced, and the first-mentioned was later described engaging in a solo activity. In our primary condition of interest, the Gesture Training condition, the solo-activity sentence contained an ambiguous pronoun, but co-speech gesture clarified the referent. There were two comparison conditions. In the Gender Training condition the characters were different genders, thereby avoiding ambiguity. In the Name Training condition, the first-mentioned name was simply repeated. Ambiguous pronoun interpretation was tested pre- and post-training. Children in the Gesture condition were significantly more likely to interpret ambiguous pronouns as the first-mentioned character after training. Results from the comparison conditions were ambiguous: there was a small but non-significant effect of training, but also no significant differences between conditions.
International Mobility, Joint Working and European Research
Authors: Halliday Alex N. , Wilton Laura
Published: January 2019

A discussion of the sustainability and resilience of European research could not come at a more opportune and important time, as the EU begins to shape its new research programme Horizon Europe, and the UK considers the future following its vote to leave the European Union. Faced with such disruption, we must establish goals and make plans to develop a stronger European research endeavour. Since the UK’s vote to leave the European Union in June 2016, representatives of the UK’s national academy of science, the Royal Society, have travelled extensively to underline the global nature of science. We have found supportive partners, willing to work together towards a good outcome for European research. In addition, we have been involved in close discussions with the UK Government.
Mindfulness for Psychosis Groups; Within-Session Effects on Stress and Symptom-Related Distress in Routine Community Care
Authors: Jacobsen Pamela , Richardson Matthew , Harding Emma , Chadwick Paul
Published: January 2019

Background: There is an emerging evidence base that mindfulness for psychosis is a safe and effective intervention. However, empirical data on the within-session effects of mindfulness meditation was hitherto lacking. Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of taking part in a mindfulness for psychosis group, using a within-session self-report measure of general stress, and symptom-related distress. Method: Users of a secondary mental health service (n = 34), who experienced enduring psychotic symptoms, took part in an 8-week mindfulness for psychosis group in a community setting. Mindfulness meditations were limited to 10 minutes and included explicit reference to psychotic experience arising during the practice. Participants self-rated general stress, and symptom-related distress, before and after each group session using a visual analogue scale. Results: Average ratings of general stress and symptom-related distress decreased from pre- to post-session for all eight sessions, although not all differences were statistically significant. There was no increase in general stress, or symptom-related distress across any session. Conclusions: There was evidence of positive effects and no evidence of any harmful effects arising from people with psychotic symptoms taking part in a mindfulness for psychosis session.
Ontogenetic development of the otic region in the new model organism,Leucoraja erinacea(Chondrichthyes; Rajidae)
Authors: PFAFF Cathrin , KRIWET Jürgen , MARTIN Kyle , JOHANSON Zerina
Published: January 2019

Cartilaginous fishes have a long evolutionary history dating back 440 million years and include model organisms in a number of fields of biological research. However, comparative developmental studies of these organisms, particularly neuroanatomical investigations, still remain sparse. Here, pre-hatching to adult developmental stages of the Little Skate,Leucoraja erinacea, are investigated using micro-computed tomography scanning in conjunction with staining procedures designed to improve visualisation of soft tissues. Within the ear, the anatomy of the skeletal labyrinth changes during ontogeny and differs substantially from the underlying membranous system, contrary to previous observations in sharks. Additionally, substantial morphological remodelling characterises the parietal fossa, which appears initially as a massive and hook-like structure and subsequently becomes slender and surrounded by soft tissue. The sizes of the vestibular system and neurocranium increase isometrically from pre- to post-hatching phases, and then exponentially after the post-hatching stages.
Perinatale psychische Erkrankungen
Authors: Berger Anke
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung. Psychische Erkrankungen in der Schwangerschaft und im ersten Jahr nach einer Geburt können schwerwiegende negative Folgen haben, wenn sie nicht behandelt werden. Wir wissen jedoch bisher kaum etwas über die Gesundheitsversorgung betroffener Frauen. Dieser Aufsatz beleuchtet aktuelle Daten zur Epidemiologie perinataler psychischer Erkrankungen, zeigt die Defizite der aktuellen Versorgung sowie die notwendigen Schritte zum Schliessen der Lücken im Bereich der Ausbildung und Forschung auf.
The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Obs4MIPs Version 2 Data Set
Authors: Tian Baijun , Fetzer Eric J. , Manning Evan M.
Published: January 2019

The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Obs4MIPs (Observations for Model Intercomparison Projects) Version 2 data set includes monthly mean tropospheric air temperature, specific humidity, and relative humidity for each calendar month from September 2002 to September 2016, on a global 1° × 1° latitude‐longitude spatial grid and on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project eight mandatory vertical pressure levels from 1,000 to 300 hPa. It also includes standard error and number of observations, for an estimate of AIRS data retrieval error and sampling uncertainty. Three new technical notes describe the data set. This data set is designed for Coupled Model Intercomparison Project climate model evaluation and has been published at Earth System Grid Federation data centers since April 2018. It adds new monthly mean tropospheric relative humidity data to Obs4MIPs and updates and extends the monthly mean tropospheric air temperature and specific humidity data in AIRS Obs4MIPs Version 1 data set. The data source for this data set is the AIRS Version 6 Level 3 standard monthly mean air temperature, specific humidity, and relative humidity data products in the “TqJoint” grids from the AIRS and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit A combined physical retrievals. This paper documents this data set in terms of motivation for this data set, data description, data origin and processing procedures, major improvements from the previous version, and caveats for its use in climate model evaluation.
Lithospheric Removal Beneath the Eastern Flank of the Rio Grande Rift From Receiver Function Velocity Analysis
Authors: Agrawal Mohit , Pulliam Jay , Sen Mrinal K. , Grand Stephen P.
Published: January 2019

We develop and apply a technique for receiver functions that is analogous to “velocity analysis” in seismic reflection processing, in which a velocity model is found directly from the data. In the case of receiver functions, which represent waves converted from P type to S type (Ps) or S type to P type (Sp) rather than reflected waves, we jointly optimize the average correlation value for target features in common receiver gathers while perturbing shear wave velocities and Poisson's ratio in a process driven by simulated annealing. The technique simultaneously finds depths to major discontinuities and 1‐D S velocity profiles beneath each seismic station. Estimates of Poisson's ratio are used with S velocity models to estimate P velocities, and individual 1‐D profiles are interpolated to form a 3‐D velocity model. We stacked and depth migrated Ps and Sp receiver functions computed from data recorded by broadband stations in southeastern New Mexico and west Texas. Images reveal an abrupt increase in lithospheric thickness beneath the Great Plains craton with respect to the Rio Grande Rift. Ps results show that the Moho ranges from 36 to 60 km in the region, while Sp results show variations in the seismically determined lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary of 75–112 km. Thickened crust and lithosphere overlie a high‐velocity anomaly determined previously via tomography. We speculate that the thickened crust and lithosphere maybe due to removal of the lower lithosphere by a process that is associated with east‐west extension and thus the northward propagation of the Rio Grande Rift.
Geomagnetic Secular Variations at the Permian‐Triassic Boundary and Pulsed Magmatism During Eruption of the Siberian Traps
Authors: Pavlov Vladimir E. , Fluteau Frederic , Latyshev Anton V. , Fetisova Anna M. , Elkins‐Tanton Linda T. , Black Ben A. , Burgess Seth D. , Veselovskiy Roman V.
Published: January 2019

The tempo of Large Igneous Province emplacement is crucial to determining the environmental consequences of magmatism on the Earth. Based on detailed flow‐by‐flow paleomagnetic data from the most representative Permian‐Triassic Siberian Traps lava stratigraphy of the northern Siberian platform, we present new constraints on the rate and duration of the volcanic activity in the Norilsk and Maymecha‐Kotuy regions. Our data indicate that volcanic activity there occurred during a limited number of short volcanic pulses, each consisting of multiple individual eruptions, and that the total duration of discrete eruption pulses did not exceed ~10,000 years (hiatuses are not included). Our study confirms the occurrence of a thick interval in the lower part of the Norilsk lava sections, which contains a record of geomagnetic reversal and excursion. Based on combined evidence from paleomagnetic secular variation and typical timescales for such reversals, we conclude that the ~1‐km‐thick lava stratigraphy, corresponding to ~20,000 km3 of basalt, of the Kharaelakh, Norilsk, and Imangda troughs was formed during a brief, but voluminous, eruptive period of several thousand years or less. Our data further suggest that the ore‐bearing Norilsk‐type intrusions are coeval or nearly coeval with the boundary between the Morongovsky and Mokulaevsky formations. We calculated a new Siberian Permian‐Triassic paleomagnetic pole Norilsk‐Maymecha‐Kotuy (NMK): PLat = 52.9°, PLong = 147.1°, A95 = 4.3°, K = 23.2, and N = 49 lava flows. It is shown that geomagnetic field variations circa 252 Ma were similar to those observed in the latest Cenozoic.
Reproducible grey matter patterns index a multivariate, global alteration of brain structure in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Schwarz Emanuel , Doan Nhat Trung , Pergola Giulio , Westlye Lars T , Kaufmann Tobias , Wolfers Thomas , Brecheisen Ralph , Quarto Tiziana , Ing Alex J , Di Carlo Pasquale , Gurholt Tiril P , Harms Robbert L , Noirhomme Quentin , Moberget Torgeir , Agartz Ingrid , Andreassen Ole A , Bellani Marcella , Bertolino Alessandro , Blasi Giuseppe , Brambilla Paolo , Buitelaar Jan K , Cervenka Simon , Flyckt Lena , Frangou Sophia , Franke Barbara , Hall Jeremy , Heslenfeld Dirk J , Kirsch Peter , McIntosh Andrew M , Nöthen Markus M , Papassotiropoulos Andreas , de Quervain Dominique J-F , Rietschel Marcella , Schumann Gunter , Tost Heike , Witt Stephanie H , Zink Mathias , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas ,   The IMAGEMEND Consortium, Karolinska Schizophrenia Project (KaSP) Consortium
Published: January 2019

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by numerous subtle changes in brain structure and function. Machine learning allows exploring the utility of combining structural and functional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures for diagnostic application, but this approach has been hampered by sample size limitations and lack of differential diagnostic data. Here, we performed a multi-site machine learning analysis to explore brain structural patterns of T1 MRI data in 2668 individuals with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, and healthy controls. We found reproducible changes of structural parameters in schizophrenia that yielded a classification accuracy of up to 76% and provided discrimination from ADHD, through it lacked specificity against bipolar disorder. The observed changes largely indexed distributed grey matter alterations that could be represented through a combination of several global brain-structural parameters. This multi-site machine learning study identified a brain-structural signature that could reproducibly differentiate schizophrenia patients from controls, but lacked specificity against bipolar disorder. While this currently limits the clinical utility of the identified signature, the present study highlights that the underlying alterations index substantial global grey matter changes in psychotic disorders, reflecting the biological similarity of these conditions, and provide a roadmap for future exploration of brain structural alterations in psychiatric patients.
Wavelength division multiplexing of continuous variable quantum key distribution and 18.3 Tbit/s data channels
Authors: Eriksson Tobias A. , Hirano Takuya , Puttnam Benjamin J. , Rademacher Georg , Luís Ruben S. , Fujiwara Mikio , Namiki Ryo , Awaji Yoshinari , Takeoka Masahiro , Wada Naoya , Sasaki Masahide
Published: January 2019

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can offer communication with unconditional security and is a promising technology to protect next generation communication systems. For QKD to see commercial success, several key challenges have to be solved, such as integrating QKD signals into existing fiber optical networks. In this paper, we present experimental verification of QKD co-propagating with a large number of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) coherent data channels. We show successful secret key generation over 24 h for a continuous-variable QKD channel jointly transmitted with 100 WDM channels of erbium doped fiber amplified polarization multiplexed 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation signals amounting to a datarate of 18.3 Tbit/s. Compared to previous co-propagation results in the C-band, we demonstrate more than a factor of 10 increase in the number of WDM channels and more than 90 times higher classical bitrate, showing the co-propagation with Tbit/s data-carrying channels.
Peptide ligand-mediated targeted drug delivery of nanomedicines
Authors: Jiang Zhuxuan , Guan Juan , Qian Jun , Zhan Changyou
Published: January 2019

Targeted drug delivery is emerging as a promising strategy to achieve better clinical outcomes.
Generation of gold nanoclusters encapsulated in an MCM-22 zeolite for the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane
Authors: Liu Lichen , Arenal Raul , Meira Debora M. , Corma Avelino
Published: January 2019

Au nanoclusters encapsulated in an MCM-22 zeolite are highly active for the selective aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane to KA-oil.
A stimuli-responsive DNAzyme displaying Boolean logic-gate responses
Authors: Banno Ayaka , Higashi Sayuri , Shibata Aya , Ikeda Masato
Published: January 2019

A stimuli-responsive DNAzyme capable of exhibiting Boolean logic-gate responses is newly constructed.
Synthesis of dihydroquinolinones via iridium-catalyzed cascade C–H amidation and intramolecular aza-Michael addition
Authors: Pan Changduo , Yang Zhenkun , Xiong Hao , Teng Jiangang , Wang Yun , Yu Jin-Tao
Published: January 2019

An iridium-catalyzed annulation of chalcones with sulfonyl azides via cascade C–H amidation and aza-Michael addition is developed to provide 2-aryl-2,3-dihydro-4-quinolones.
Graphene–hBN non-van der Waals vertical heterostructures for four- electron oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Rastogi Pankaj Kumar , Sahoo Krishna Rani , Thakur Pallavi , Sharma Rahul , Bawari Sumit , Podila Ramakrishna , Narayanan Tharangattu N.
Published: January 2019

A novel vertical non-van der Waals (non-vdW) heterostructure of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (G/hBN) is realized and its application in direct four-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline medium is established.
Effect of Si substitution in ferromagnetic Pr2Fe17: a magnetocaloric material with zero thermal expansion operative at high temperature
Authors: Dan Shovan , Mukherjee S. , Mazumdar Chandan , Ranganathan R.
Published: January 2019

Zero thermal expansion in Pr2Fe16Si is driven by movement of Fe(6c) atoms towards (006) planes, marked by increase in XRD intensity.
Synergistic catalysis between nano-Ni and nano semiconductor CeO2 of Ni hybrid nanostructured catalysts for highly efficient selective hydrogenation
Authors: Lv Mengdie , Zhou Jicheng , Zhang Yanji
Published: January 2019

The existence of strong metal–support interaction between Ni and CeO2 supported on carrier can enhance the structural and electronic properties.
Size distribution and single particle characterization of airborne particulate matter collected in a silicon carbide plant
Authors: Ervik Torunn Kringlen , Benker Nathalie , Weinbruch Stephan , Thomassen Yngvar , Ellingsen Dag G. , Berlinger Balázs
Published: January 2019

A detailed characterization of particles as a function of particle size in the size range of 10 nm to 10 µm (aerodynamic diameter) collected from a silicon carbide plant in Norway.
Hydration motifs of ammonium bisulfate clusters of relevance to atmospheric new particle formation
Authors: Yang Yi , Johnson Christopher J.
Published: January 2019

We have analyzed the binding motifs of water bound to a prototypical cluster containing three ammonium cations and two bisulfate anions using mass-selective vibrational spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations.
A new water-soluble two-photon fluorescent probe for detection of trace benzoyl peroxide in wheat flour and in living cell and tissue imaging
Authors: Ding Haiyuan , Yuan Gangqiang , Zhou Liyi
Published: January 2019

Benzoyl peroxide (BPO), a member of small-molecule reactive oxygen species (ROS), has attracted considerable attention because of its impact on human health and industrial importance.
Super stretchable chromatic polyurethane driven by anthraquinone chromogen as a chain extender
Authors: Zhao Caiyun , Wang Chaoxia , Wang Youjiang , Yao Donggang
Published: January 2019

PUEs introducing anthraquinone chromogen as chain extender exhibit superior mechanical and color properties. The improvement of elongation is most significant. BPUE1and BPUE0.5display high color strength and supreme rubbing and washing fastness.
A UPLC-MS/MS application for comparisons of the hepatotoxicity of raw and processed Xanthii Fructus by energy metabolites
Authors: Jiang Hai , Yang Liu , Xing Xudong , Yan Meiling , Guo Xinyue , Hou Ajiao , Man Wenjing , Yang Bingyou , Wang Qiuhong , Kuang Haixue
Published: January 2019

The ripe fruit of Xanthium strumarium L. (Xanthii Fructus) cannot be widely used as a Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) owing to its hepatotoxicity.
3D printed fittings and fluidic modules for customizable droplet generators
Authors: Vijayan Sindhu , Hashimoto Michinao
Published: January 2019

We developed a rapid method to prototype axisymmetric droplet generators using 3D printed fittings and commercially available components. This simple method allowed generating simple and complex emulsions of varying sizes and configurations.
Synthesis of 4-(1H-isochromen-1-yl)isoquinolines through the silver-catalysed homodimerization of ortho-alkynylarylaldehydes and subsequent condensation of the 1,5-dicarbonyl motif with NH3
Authors: Guo Minghui , Meng Xin , Zhao Yang , Dong Yuexia , Sun Xuejun , Tian Laijin , Cao Ziping
Published: January 2019

We demonstrate a strategy that can provide isochromenes with an electron-deficient isoquinoline unit. The reactions feature simple operations, mild conditions and high yields.
Developing a CO2 bicarbonation absorber for promoting microalgal growth rates with an improved photosynthesis pathway
Authors: Guo Wangbiao , Cheng Jun , Song Yanmei , Kumar Santosh , Ali Kubar Ameer , Guo Caifeng , Qiao Zhanshan
Published: January 2019

To increase the residence time of CO2 gas added directly to the raceway pond, a CO2 bicarbonation absorber was proposed to convert CO2 gas and Na2CO3 to NaHCO3, which was dissolved easily in the solution and left to promote the biomass growth rate.
Development of a hybrid peptide dendrimer micellar carrier system and its application in the reformulation of a hydrophobic therapeutic agent derived from traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Jing Jing , Tupally Karnaker R. , Kokil Ganesh R. , Qu Zhi , Chen Sibao , Parekh Harendra S.
Published: January 2019

A novel amphiphilic peptide dendrimer-based delivery system was developed for a cane toad poison-derived steroid. The methodology to incorporate lipid into asymmetric dendrimers generated self-assembled micelles.
Examining the temporal behavior of the hydrocarbonaceous overlayer on an iron based Fischer–Tropsch catalyst
Authors: Warringham Robbie , Davidson Alisha L. , Webb Paul B. , Tooze Robert P. , Ewings Russel A. , Parker Stewart F. , Lennon David
Published: January 2019

Inelastic neutron scattering is used to examine an un-promoted iron based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalyst exposed to ambient pressure CO hydrogenation at 623 K for defined periods of time-on-stream (3, 6, 12 and 24 h).
Effect of tetragonal to cubic phase transition on the upconversion luminescence properties of A/B site erbium-doped perovskite BaTiO3
Authors: Bae Hyeongyu , Lee Kang Taek
Published: January 2019

At the critical temperature, B-site doping with erbium shows abnormal upconversion efficiency as a function of temperature in perovskite crystals, which was attributed to the symmetry of the crystalline structure around the erbium ions.
Strain-effected physical properties of ferromagnetic insulating La0.88Sr0.12MnO3 thin films
Authors: Kim Younghak , Ryu Sangkyun , Jeen Hyoungjeen
Published: January 2019

The functional perovskite La1−xSrxMnO3 (LSMO) possesses various exotic phases owing to competing physical parameters and internal degrees of freedom.
Coral-like NixCo1−xSe2 for Na-ion battery with ultralong cycle life and ultrahigh rate capability
Authors: He Yanyan , Luo Ming , Dong Caifu , Ding Xuyang , Yin Chaochuang , Nie Anmin , Chen Yanan , Qian Yitai , Xu Liqiang
Published: January 2019

Coral-like NixCo1−xSe2 anode material with hierarchical architecture delivers ultralong cycle life and ultrahigh rate capability in SIBs.
Zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) hydrogels with optimal mechanical properties for improving wound healing in vivo
Authors: He Huacheng , Xiao Zecong , Zhou Yajiao , Chen Anqi , Xuan Xuan , Li Yanyan , Guo Xin , Zheng Jie , Xiao Jian , Wu Jiang
Published: January 2019

Zwitterionic hydrogels, as highly hydrated and soft materials, have been considered as promising materials for wound dressing, due to their unique antifouling and mechanical properties.
Synergetic estrogen receptor-targeting liposome nanocarriers with anti-phagocytic properties for enhanced tumor theranostics
Authors: Wang Yuehua , Wang Zihua , Qian Yixia , Fan Linyang , Yue Chunyan , Jia Fei , Sun Jian , Hu Zhiyuan , Wang Weizhi
Published: January 2019

A synergetic targeted liposomal system which functionalized with both a tumor identification ligand and an immune targeting ligand was constructed. It could recognize and bind ER-positive breast cancer tissues in a specific way and reduce the macrophage phagocytosis of the nanoparticles.
Strong upconversion emission in CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots through efficient BaYF5:Yb,Ln sensitization
Authors: Zeng Min , Singh Shalini , Hens Zeger , Liu Jing , Artizzu Flavia , Van Deun Rik
Published: January 2019

An in situ growth method was proved to realize full sensitization efficiency of all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots from lanthanide-based upconversion nanoparticles, leading to intense emission intensity.
A fuel-free polymer-based micropump with optically tunable pumping directions
Authors: Guo Yutong , Wang Danchen , Li Jieai , Sun Yunyu , Li Mingtong , Zhang Hui , Duan Ruomeng , Zhang Dafeng , Song Bo , Dong Bin
Published: January 2019

We report a fuel-free micropump with optically tunable pumping directions and unique heartbeat-like pumping behavior.
Correction: Separately doped upconversion-C60 nanoplatform for NIR imaging-guided photodynamic therapy of cancer cells
Authors: Liu Xiaomin , Zheng Min , Kong Xianggui , Zhang Youlin , Zeng Qinghui , Sun Zaicheng , Jan Buma Wybren , Zhang Hong
Published: January 2019

Correction for ‘Separately doped upconversion-C60 nanoplatform for NIR imaging-guided photodynamic therapy of cancer cells’ by Xiaomin Liu et al., Chem. Commun., 2013, 49, 3224–3226.
Inductive and electrostatic effects on cobalt porphyrins for heterogeneous electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction
Authors: Zhu Minghui , Yang Deng-Tao , Ye Ruquan , Zeng Joy , Corbin Nathan , Manthiram Karthish
Published: January 2019

Inductive and electrostatic effects were found to both play important roles for heterogeneous electrocatalytic CO2 reduction on cobalt porphyrins.
Investigation of the costs, benefits and funding models for two bundles of cooperative intelligent transport system services
Authors: Ognissanto Flora , Hopkin Jean , Stevens Alan
Published: January 2019

Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C‐ITS) which rely on vehicle‐to‐infrastructure communications have the potential to tackle important road transport issues, such as safety and pollution. Since the funding necessary for deployment of C‐ITS services is substantial, a clear understanding of likely costs, benefits and business models is necessary before investment decisions can be made. This study describes a tool developed to assist National Road Authorities (NRA) considering deployment of C‐ITS. A series of investment and deployment scenarios for the English National Road Network are also developed as case studies, where the analysis identifies key factors in achieving an acceptable balance between expenditure and benefits. Findings reveal that investment costs are likely to be higher than the monetised benefits; however, the most expensive solutions are typically also the most effective ones. The financial role of the NRA (or their Road Operator) is particularly influential in the business case for deployment of new communications infrastructure and for promoting C‐ITS service uptake.
Scenario‐based multi‐objective optimisation with loadability in islanded microgrids considering load and renewable generation uncertainties
Authors: J. Jithendranath , Das Debapriya
Published: January 2019

Operation of microgrids in islanded mode either by intention or by involuntary action is of increasing concern nowadays. Optimal operation and control of such islanded microgrids considering various objectives are crucial for effective planning problem. This work proposes a new methodology for optimal operation of islanded microgrids considering economic and emission objectives together with loadability in droop‐regulated islanded microgrid. Loadability being one of dominant aspects to be considered for effective microgrid planning and operation to ensure increased voltage‐stability margin in the entire due course of operation. In conjunction with that islanded microgrid operational constraints and uncertainty in various system parameters need to be considered to interpret real‐time operation of the microgrid. In the light of above, a multi‐objective optimisation problem in droop‐regulated islanded microgrid is formulated with economic–emission–loadability objectives by considering uncertainties in load demand and renewable generation along with system constraints. The formulated problem is solved using multi‐objective antlion optimiser algorithm and validated on the test system. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with other optimisation algorithms to show its effectiveness. The importance of considering loadability along with economic–emission objectives to achieve compromised solution resulted in ensuring better operational planning of droop‐regulated islanded microgrids.
A study of friction vibration absorber: impact of friction modeling on the efficacy of the absorber and friction coefficient optimization
Authors: Nasr Aymen , Mrad Charfeddine , Nasri Rachid
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a one degree of freedom system connected to a friction vibration absorber is considered. Friction vibration absorber reduces mechanical vibrations using the dissipation of the energy through friction between both bodies. However, the contact between both bodies and the optimal parameters design deserve to be examined closely. In this paper, the effect of friction modeling is first investigated. Two friction modelings are considered: macroscopic (Coulomb) and microscopic (Dahl and LuGre), according to physical and tribological behaviors. For each model, the responses are determined in sticking and sliding regimes of motion and a comparison is made to conclude on the efficacy of the friction absorber. Second, the optimization of friction coefficient is established using two approaches: Den Hartog optimal parameters and the minimization of the frequency displacement of the main mass.
Psychische Komorbidität in der Intensivmedizin
Authors: Niecke Alexander , von Bassewitz Valeska , Michels Guido
Published: January 2019

This article aims to provide an overview of the nature and extent, risk factors and treatment strategies of co-morbid mental disorders in the context of intensive care medicine. Depressive, anxious and posttraumatic syndromes as well as deliria are common phenomena in critical care patients, which correspond with the course and outcome of the underlying physical illness. The most important factors for the occurrence of mental comorbidity and general principles of care are described.
Die Amygdala
Authors: Corts Magga
Published: January 2019

Die Amygdala ist ein Nervenkerngebiet in der rechten und linken Gehirnhälfte im vorderen Teil des Schläfenlappens. Ihre Funktion ist es, Sinneswahrnehmungen emotional einzufärben. Sie ist mit dem Hypothalamus und Thalamus vernetzt.
PRÜFUNGSTHEMA: Psychische Störungen
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: January 2019

In dieser Ausgabe beschäftigen sich alle Prüfungsfragen mit psychischen Störungen.
Neuromprävention durch sensiblen Filetlappen bei zentraler
Handverschmälerung
Authors: Piza-Katzer Hildegunde , Estermann Dunja
Published: January 2019

Zwei Patientinnen mit Fingerverletzung und mehreren Voroperationen wollen sich
mit dem Resultat eines steifen Fingers, der schmerzt und die Handfunktion stark
beeinträchtigt, nicht zufrieden geben und holen eine Zweitmeinung ein. Als
ultima ratio wird eine radikal erscheinende Lösung angeboten: eine
Fingerstrahl-Skelett-Resektion. Da Fingeramputationen häufig zur Ausbildung
schmerzhafter Neurome führen wird nach Zustimmung der Patientinnen operativ der
Knochen des betroffenen Fingers entfernt und die durchblutete, sensible Haut des
davor funktionslosen Fingers als sensibler Filetlappen verwendet. Somit wird
eine Neuromentstehung verhindert. Eine funktionsfähige, schmerzfreie Hand ist
das Resultat dieser beiden Eingriffe.
CMD-Kieler-Konzept – diagnostikgesteuerte Therapie (dgT)
Authors: Fischer-Brandies Helge , Asche Marc , Wunderlich Christian
Published: January 2019

Zur Behandlung craniomandibulärer Dysfunktionen (CMD) haben sich zahlreiche Therapiekonzepte etabliert. Dennoch stellt sich in manchen Fällen der gewünschte Erfolg nicht ein. Gründe dafür sind u. a. die Komplexität der Erkrankung und die damit verbundene erhöhte Anforderung an eine interdisziplinäre Abstimmung der Behandler. Dieser Umstand gab Veranlassungen, die Erfahrungen des Kieler CMD-Teams zu systematisieren. Die Erfolge des CMD-Kieler-Konzept dgT beruhen auf der diagnostikbasierten Steuerung der Therapieschritte. Die Anamnese erfolgt im freien Interview. Die Basisdiagnostik beinhaltet die Analyse der Okklusion, die Kiefergelenk-Funktionsanalyse, die Untersuchung des neuromuskulären Systems und wird bei Bedarf durch ein Kiefergelenks-Magnetresonanztomogramm ergänzt. Daraus ergibt sich der organspezifische Befund. Nun erfolgt eine diagnostische Therapie in der Regel mit einer Aufbissschiene in Kombination mit einer abgestimmten manuellen Therapie über einen Zeitraum von ca. 6 Wochen, die zum beschwerde- und therapierelevanten Befund führt. Auf dieser Grundlage entwickeln die Behandler die Hypothesen der Pathogenese, die Therapieziele und das Therapiekonzept. Wiederholte Reevaluation und klinische Argumentation begleitet die eigentliche Therapie bis zum Erreichen des individuellen Optimums sowie die ggf. notwendige Nachsorge und Ergebnissicherung.
Luxationen und Luxationsfrakturen des Kniegelenks
Authors: Drenck Tobias Claus , Heitmann Maximilian , Akoto Ralph , Preiss Achim , Frings Jannik , Krause Matthias , Frosch Karl-Heinz
Published: January 2019

Kniegelenkluxationen und -luxationsfrakturen sind selten. Die Komplexität des Kniegelenks sowie die Nähe zu Nerven und Gefäßen können zu einer Vielzahl von Komplikationen und Begleitverletzungen führen. Häufig sind Kniegelenkluxationen Folge eines Hochrasanztraumas. Die Verletzung kann jedoch auch bei geringerer Krafteinwirkung beobachtet werden, in diesem Fall scheint ein hoher BMI ein Risiko darzustellen. Initial liegt der Fokus auf der Diagnostik, der entsprechenden Ruhigstellung und der Therapie von Gefäß- und Nervenverletzungen sowie von Weichteilschäden. Kniegelenkluxationen können primär mittels augmentierter Bandnähte versorgt werden. Alternativ bietet sich die Möglichkeit eines zweizeitigen Vorgehens: Zunächst erfolgt die Naht der Kollateralbänder und anschließend die Versorgung der Kreuzbänder mittels Bandplastik. Bei zeitgleichem Vorliegen einer Fraktur liegt der Fokus meist zunächst auf der Frakturversorgung, eine zeitgleiche Bandnaht ist möglich. Bei optimaler Versorgung können in 80% der Fälle gute bis sehr gute Ergebnisse erzielt werden.
Risiko Mobilfunk
Authors: Hensinger Peter
Published: January 2019

WLAN und Mobilfunk wurden von Industrie und Politik konsequent in alle Lebensbereiche eingeführt, vom Klassen bis zum Schlafzimmer, mit gesundheitlichen Folgen. Beispielhaft für die eindeutige Studienlage wertet der Beitrag über 50 wissenschaftliche Publikationen aus, die signifikante Gesundheitsschäden durch WLAN und Mobilfunk feststellen, insbesondere durch oxidativen Stress. Zu den dokumentierten Mobilfunkfolgen zählen Tumoren unter anderem des Gehirns, Unfruchtbarkeit, Erbgutschäden und Burnout.
Reliability of Transient Elastography-Based Liver Stiffness for Diagnosing Portal Hypertension in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Diagnostic Meta-Analysis with Specific Cut-Off Values
Authors: Song Jinzhen , Ma Zida , Huang Jianbo , Luo Yan , Zykus Romanas , Kumar Ashish , Kitson Matthew , Lu Qiang
Published: January 2019

Background Transient elastography-based liver stiffness value (TE-LSV) has been studied for the diagnosis of portal hypertension. Liver stiffness is influenced by the disease etiology. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis to determine the performance of TE-LSV for diagnosing portal hypertension in patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD).

Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid and Cochrane library. A bivariate model was used to compute sensitivity and specificity. A random effects model was used to pool diagnostic odds ratios.

Results 9 studies with 679 patients were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity based on a cut-off value around 21.8 kPa for clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) were 0.89 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.83–0.93) and 0.71(95 % CI, 0.64–0.78), respectively. For severe portal hypertension (SPH), the pooled sensitivity and specificity for a cut-off value around 29.1 kPa were 0.88 (95 % CI, 0.83–0.92) and 0.74 (95 % CI, 0.67–0.81), respectively.

Conclusion TE-LSV showed good performance for diagnosing portal hypertension in patients with ALD. The optimal cut-off value for CSPH and SPH was around 21.8 kPa and 29.1 kPa, respectively, and these two cut-off values showed good sensitivity and modest specificity. The etiology should be clear before using TE-LSV for portal hypertension.