bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Divisão sexual do trabalho nas produções científicas brasileiras: cenário das abordagens científicas nos programas de pós-graduação em educação entre 2009 e 2019
Authors: Bicalho Thiago , Almeida Myrnna , Quirino Raquel
Published: January 2021

O trabalho pode ser compreendido através de múltiplas divisões como intelectual/manual, nacional/internacional entre outros. Neste artigo abordaremos o trabalho sob sua divisão sexual, entre homens e mulheres, nas profissões. A questão central desta pesquisa é responder de que maneira a divisão sexual do trabalho é abordada nas produções científicas brasileiras - teses e dissertações? Com o intuito de responder a questão proposta, a presente investigação tem como objetivo geral compreender de que maneira a divisão sexual do trabalho é abordada nas produções científicas brasileiras - teses e dissertações - a fim de identificar a distribuição das produções científicas e, através de um recorte nos PPGs em Educação, identificar as bases teóricas utilizadas e às profissões investigadas. A presente pesquisa é de natureza exploratória e adota a pesquisa bibliográfica para obtenção das teses e dissertações a serem analisadas. A busca dos dados foi realizada na Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações – BDTD e nos repositórios/bibliotecas de teses e dissertações das universidades federais disponíveis virtualmente, sempre associando o descritor "divisão sexual do trabalho" no mecanismo de busca por assunto. Os resultados apresentam uma análise da distribuição das produções de forma quantitativa quanto aos programas de pós-graduação, universidades e orientadores, além de realizar um levantamento das bases teóricas/conceituais da divisão sexual do trabalho mais adotado nas produções científicas e uma identificação das profissões investigadas. Aponta-se com esta investigação uma pluralidade de áreas de investigação da divisão sexual do trabalho nas profissões em áreas distintas de atuação no campo do trabalho.
Materiais lexicográficos e pedagógicos para a educação de surdos: revisitando a história e as produções
Authors: Carvalho Paulo Vaz de , Sofiato Cássia Geciauskas
Published: January 2021

A educação de surdos teve seu início no século  XVI e a partir deste marco histórico educadores de surdos de algumas partes do mundo se empenharam em elaborar materiais pedagógicos e, mais adiante, lexicográficos para o ensino da língua de sinais, apesar da abordagem oralista ter sido a precursora. Este estudo se apoia em marcos históricos e contextuais da educação de surdos e objetiva conhecer o percurso histórico da elaboração de materiais lexicográficos e pedagógicos para a educação de surdos, do século XVIII ao XXI e inventariar algumas produções de Portugal e do Brasil, não deixando de refletir sobre as concepções didático-pedagógicas intrínsecas às obras selecionadas. Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliografica e documental em busca de obras de referência produzidas em diferentes períodos históricos e diferentes países, em especial, em Portugal e no Brasil. Com base nos estudos realizados destacamos que existe uma quantidade considerável de materiais lexicográficos, produzidos de forma impressa, em CD-Rom, DVD e, atualmente, online. Tais materiais mantém uma tradição iconográfica, independentemente de seu formato. Percebe-se por meio do estudo que os materiais pedagógicos para a educação de surdos sempre foram elaborados com o fito de incrementar a prática pedagógica.
Possíveis reverberações para emancipação e representação cultural latino-americana (des)compassos a partir de perspectivas decoloniais
Authors: Dorigatti Maicon , Soave Cláudia , Rosa Geraldo Antonio da
Published: January 2021

As perspectivas decoloniais visam a despertar um olhar de dentro à América Latina, partindo de uma abordagem que se distancie dos ideais e das hegemonias eurocêntricas e estadunidenses, como uma condição libertadora, em diálogo com uma pedagogia crítica e emancipatória. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre algumas iniciativas artísticas e alguns projetos culturais, em diferentes linguagens e estéticas, que despertem para a valorização, o reconhecimento e fortalecimento das expressões latino-americanas. Para tal, além de discutir as perspectivas decoloniais e emancipatórias, intenta dialogar acerca das implicações decorrentes dos dispositivos tecnológicos e de sua relação com a educação informal, bem como a cultura de massa e sua relação com as práticas artísticas e educação popular, manifestadas em seus espaços. No final, percebe-se como estão articulados os diferentes conhecimentos e saberes epistêmicos e culturais, e o quão ricas são as representações e significações artísticas na América Latina em suas relações de contextos sociais.
Diagnostic utility of Sudoscan for detecting bortezomib-induced painful neuropathy: a study on 18 patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Allegra Alessandro , Rizzo Vincenzo , Innao Vanessa , Alibrandi Angela , Mazzeo Anna , Leanza Rossana , Terranova Carmen , Gentile Luca , Girlanda Paolo , Allegra Andrea , Alonci Andrea , Musolino Caterina
Published: January 2021

Introduction

In the past few years, treatment of multiple myeloma has undergone a deep change for the employment of novel treatment comprising proteasome inhibitors. Bortezomib is a first-line drug in therapy of multiple myeloma. The onset of peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting collateral effect of the drug. This neuropathy is a distal symmetric neuropathy that affects both large and small fibers. Nerve conduction study (NCS) can be used for the diagnosis of bortezomib neuropathy, but this technique demonstrates alterations of the large nerve fibers. Sudoscan is a novel technique utilized to offer an evaluation of sudomotor function. The main objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity and diagnostic specificity of Sudoscan with respect to the nerve conduction study after bortezomib treatment.

Material and methods

A total of 18 multiple myeloma patients were studied, 10 (55.5%) men and 8 (44.5%) women. Patients were analyzed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment with bortezomib. Subjects were submitted to nerve conduction study and electrochemical skin conductance evaluation with the Sudoscan device. Patients were also submitted to a clinical measure of pain and neuropathy.

Results

At baseline NCS showed that only the mean sural SAP amplitude was below the 2SD lower limit of normal in 3 (16.7%) patients, while at same time we found an alteration of Sudoscan profiles in 2 (11.1%) patients. After 6 months of treatment, the NCS profiles were altered in 13 (72.2%) patients, and the Sudoscan profiles were modified in 11 (61.1%) subjects.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that Sudoscan can be considered for the diagnosis of bortezomib-induced neuropathy. It is objective, reproducible, and surely easier than the traditional nerve conduction study. Sudoscan may be a useful help to manage the therapeutic interventions in multiple myeloma.
Improvement in age- and sex-dependent mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation between 2011 and 2016 – a nationwide retrospective study from Hungary
Authors: Kiss Zoltan , Márk László , Herczeg Béla , Aradi Dániel , Rokszin György , Fábián Ibolya , Horváth Krisztián , Wittmann István , Kiss Róbert , Dézsi Csaba , Csanádi Zoltán , Merkely Béla
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a higher risk of mortality; however, detailed analysis on the excess risk of death of patients diagnosed with AF compared to a non-AF population has not been carried out.

Material and methods

In our nationwide study, all AF patients were included if the I48 ICD-code was recorded twice in the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) database between 2009 and 2016. The annual mortality rates and rate ratios of AF patients compared with the non-AF population (excess risk) were evaluated as well as the change of these parameters between 2011 and 2016.

Results

We identified 88,848 to 123,255 females and 80,525 to 116,448 males between 2011 and 2016 in the database. The excess risk of AF compared to the non-AF population was higher in females: the rate ratio (RR) was 4.47 (95% CI: 4.35–4.58; p < 0.001) versus 3.34 (95% CI: 3.27–3.40; p < 0.001) in 2011. We found significant reductions in the mortality rates of the AF population between 2011 and 2016 (18.0% p = 0.037 in females and 17.7% p < 0.001 in males) while reductions in excess mortality were significant in the older age groups (age 60 years and above). Though the age-specific mortality rates were higher among the older population and in males, mortality RR was higher in the lower age groups and in females.

Conclusions

By implementing a novel methodology, we were able to express the mortality risk of the total AF population. We found relevant reduction in the age-standardised mortality rates in both sexes during this 6-year period, which exceeded the reduction of mortality rates in the non-AF population.
Predictive factors of failure to control bleeding and 6-week mortality after variceal hemorrhage in liver cirrhosis – a tertiary referral center experience
Authors: Matei Daniela , Crisan Dana , Procopet Bogdan , Groza Ioana , Furnea Bogdan , Levi Cristina , Tantau Marcel
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Mortality from variceal bleeding remains high despite the therapeutic progress in severe cirrhosis. Understanding the predictive factors of failure to control bleeding (FTB) and mortality will lead to better future therapies. Comorbidities are thought to be important prognostic factors for variceal bleeding. The aim of the study was to assess the factors associated with FTB and with 42-day mortality and to evaluate the influence of comorbidities on these patients’ prognosis.

Material and methods

We prospectively included in the study all consecutive patients with cirrhosis and variceal bleeding presenting to the emergency room and we followed them up over 6 weeks. CirCom score and Charlson index were used for the assessment of comorbidities.

Results

Of the 138 patients included in the study, 27 (19.5%) were considered to have FTB. Child C class (74.07% vs. 32.43%, p < 0.001), Meld score (20.5 vs. 16.00, p = 0.004) and creatinine level (1.04 vs. 0.81, p = 0.01) were associated with FTB, but only Child class was independently associated with FTB in multivariate analysis (OR = 2.94, p = 0.006). Mortality at 42 days (21.7%) was influenced by the severity of the disease assessed through Child class (76.66% vs. 30.55% – Child C, p < 0.001) and MELD score (21.00 vs. 16.00, p < 0.001). Creatinine level (1.00 vs. 0.7, p = 0.02) and acute kidney injury (26.66% vs. 7.40%, p = 0.009) were also prognostic factors for the 6-week mortality. Comorbidities did not influence the mortality (CirCom > 1 (16.7% vs. 21.3%, p = 0.76) or Charlson index > 4 (36% vs. 47.2%, p = 0.41).

Conclusions

The severity of cirrhosis is an important prognostic factor for FTB and 42-day mortality. Identifying the factors associated with early mortality may help selecting patients needing more than conventional therapy.
High-resolution BTA spectrograph auxiliary devices (functions and control)
Authors: Верич Ю.Б. , Панчук В.Е. , Юшкин М.В. , Якопов Г.В.
Published: January 2021

Отмечены устройства и функции спектрографа высокого разрешения 6-метрового телескопа БТА, охваченные программой улучшения параметров прибора. Программа выполняется по плану УНУ и плану развития средств наземной поддержки проекта «Спектр-УФ».

The devices and functions of the high-resolution spectrograph of the 6-meter BTA telescope covered by the program for improving the instrument parameters are noted. The program is implemented according to the UNU plan and the plan for the development of ground support facilities for the Spektr-UV project.
Photometric data analysis: the estimation of interstellar extinction
Authors: Малков О.Ю. , Длужневская О.Б. , Жуков А.О. , Захаров А.И. , Ковалева Д.А. , Миронов А.В. , Сичевский С.Г. , Скворцов Н.А. , Ступников С.А. , Сытов А.Ю.
Published: January 2021

Учет межзвездного поглощения - необходимый этап в процессе параметризации звезд по многоцветной фотометрии. Мы анализируем опубликованные законы межзвездного поглощения и обсуждаем возможность оценки величины межзвездного поглощения для фотометрических полос современных больших обзоров.

Taking into account interstellar extinction is the necessary procedure in the process of parameterization of stars from multicolor photometry. We analyze published interstellar extinction laws and discuss the possibility of assessing the interstellar extinction in photometric bands of modern large surveys.
The search for non-coevality among components of visual binaries
Authors: Малков О.Ю.
Published: January 2021

В данной работе предпринимается попытка обнаружить среди визуальных двойных звезд системы с компонентами разного возраста. Для этого сравниваются спектральные классы компонентов, а также их массы, оцененные из этой спектральной классификации. Применение этого простого метода к Каталогу орбитальных двойных звезд ORB6 позволило обнаружить тринадцать систем, у которых менее массивный компонент выглядит более проэволюционировавшим (т.е., два компонента, по-видимому, имеют разный возраст). Для уточнения результатов требуются дальнейшие исследования.

The aim of this study is to find non-coeval pairs among visual binaries. For indication of non-coevality we compare spectral classes and masses of the components, estimated from the spectral classification. Applying this simple method to the Catalogue of orbital binaries ORB6, we found thirteen systems where less massive component is more evolved, and, consequently, the components are probably non-coeval. To prove non-coevality one needs a detailed investigation of the candidates.
Indirect contributions of global fires to surface ozone through ozone-vegetation feedback
Authors: Lei Yadong , Yue Xu , Liao Hong , Zhang Lin , Yang Yang , Zhou Hao , Tian Chenguang , Gong Cheng , Ma Yimian , Gao Lan , Cao Yang
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Fire is an important source of surface ozone (O3), which causes damage to vegetation and reduces stomatal conductance. Such processes can feed back to inhibit dry deposition and indirectly enhance surface O3. Here, we apply a fully coupled chemistry-vegetation model to estimate the indirect contributions of global fires to surface O3 through O3-vegetation feedback during 2005–2012. Fire emissions directly increase the global mean annual O3 by 1.2 ppbv (5.0 %) with a maximum of 5.9 ppbv (24.4 %) averaged over central Africa by emitting substantial number of precursors. Considering O3-vegetation feedback, fires additionally increase surface O3 by 0.5 ppbv averaged over the Amazon in October, 0.3 ppbv averaged over southern Asia in April, and 0.2 ppbv averaged over central Africa in April. During extreme O3-vegetation interactions, such feedback can rise to > 0.6 ppbv in these fire-prone areas. Moreover, large ratios of indirect-to-direct fire O3 are found in eastern China (3.7 %) and the eastern U.S. (2.0 %), where the high ambient O3 causes strong O3-vegetation interactions. With likelihood of increasing fire risks in a warming climate, fires may promote surface O3 through both direct emissions and indirect chemistry-vegetation feedbacks. Such indirect enhancement will cause additional threats to public health and ecosystem productivity.
Volatile organic compound fluxes over a winter wheat field by
PTR-Qi-TOF-MS and eddy covariance
Authors: Loubet Benjamin , Buysse Pauline , Gonzaga-Gomez Lais , Lafouge Florence , Ciuraru Raluca , Decuq Céline , Kammer Julien , Bsaibes Sandy , Boissard Christophe , Durand Brigitte , Gueudet Jean-Christophe , Fanucci Olivier , Zurfluh Olivier , Abis Letizia , Zannoni Nora , Truong François , Baisnée Dominique , Sarda-Estève Roland , Staudt Michael , Gros Valérie
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOC) contribute to air pollution through the formation of secondary aerosols and ozone and contribute to increasing the lifetime of methane in the atmosphere. Tropospheric VOC are 90 % originating from biogenic sources at the global scale. Forests are the main contributors to these emissions with isoprene and monoterpenes being the most emitted compounds. Crops are also a potentially large, yet poorly characterised, source of VOC. In particular, measurements of VOC fluxes for wheat at the ecosystem scale are scarce, although this is the most cultivated crop in Europe. Available evidence indicates that crops may contribute to 30% of the VOC emissions in Europe, especially oxygenated, low-molecular-weight VOC such as methanol, acetone and acetaldehyde. In this study, which is part of the COV3ER French national project, we investigated VOC fluxes over a wheat field in-situ by eddy covariance using a PTR-Qi-TOF-MS with an outmost sensitivity and mass resolution. We found 264 compounds to have a flux three times above the flux detection limit. Methanol was the most emitted compound, with an averaged flux of 63 µg m−2 h−1, representing around 60 % of summed VOC emissions on a molar basis (40 % on a mass basis). This finding is in line with previous measurements at canopy and plant scales. We also measured acetone, acetaldehyde and dimethyl sulphide among the five most emitted compounds. The second most emitted VOC corresponded to the ion m/z 93.037, tentatively identified as C6H4O. This compound was not reported previously as one of the most emitted compound by terrestrial ecosystems. Summed VOC emissions amounted around 150 µg m−2 h−1. Summed VOC deposition amounted to around −125 µg m−2 h−1, which represented about 70 % of the VOC emissions on a mass basis. The most depositing VOC were tentatively identified as hydroxyacetone and fragments of oxidised VOC with a flux of −16 µg m−2 h−1. Overall, our results reveal that wheat fields represent a non-negligible source and sink of VOC to be considered in regional VOC budgets, and underline the usefulness and limitations of eddy covariance measurements with PTR-Qi-TOF-MS.
African dust particles over the western Caribbean – Part I: Impact on air quality over the Yucatán Peninsula
Authors: Ramírez-Romero Carolina , Jaramillo Alejandro , Córdoba María F. , Raga Graciela B. , Miranda Javier , Alvarez-Ospina Harry , Rosas Daniel , Amador Talib , Kim Jong Sung , Yakobi-Hancock Jacqueline , Baumgardner Darrel , Ladino Luis A.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. On a global scale, African dust is known to be one of the major
sources of mineral dust particles, as these particles can be efficiently transported to
different parts of the planet. Several studies have suggested that the
Yucatán Peninsula could be influenced by such particles, especially in July,
associated with the strengthening of the Caribbean low-level jet. Although
these particles have the potential to significantly impact the local air quality, as shown elsewhere (especially with respect to particulate matter, PM), the
arrival and impact of African dust in Mexican territory has not been
quantitatively reported to date. Two short-term field campaigns were conducted to confirm the arrival of
African dust on the Yucatán Peninsula in July 2017 and July 2018 at the
Mérida atmospheric observatory (20.98∘ N, 89.64∘ W). Aerosol particles
were monitored at ground level using different online and off-line
sensors. Several PM2.5 and PM10 peaks were observed during both
sampling periods, with a relative increase in the PM levels ranging between
200 % and 500 % with respect to the normal background conditions. Given that these
peaks were found to be highly correlated with supermicron particles and
chemical elements typically found in mineral dust particles, such as Al, Fe,
Si, and K, they are linked with African dust. This conclusion is supported
by combining back trajectories with vertical profiles from radiosondes,
reanalysis, and satellite images to show that the origin of the air masses
arriving at Mérida was the Saharan Air Layer (SAL). The good agreement found
between the measured PM10 concentrations and the estimated dust mixing
ratio content from MERRA-2 (Version 2 of the Modern-Era Retrospective
analysis for Research and Applications) corroborates the conclusion that the
degradation of the local (and likely regional) air quality in Mérida is a
result of the arrival of African dust.
McRALI: a Monte Carlo high-spectral-resolution lidar and Doppler radar simulator for three-dimensional cloudy atmosphere remote sensing
Authors: Szczap Frédéric , Alkasem Alaa , Mioche Guillaume , Shcherbakov Valery , Cornet Céline , Delanoë Julien , Gour Yahya , Jourdan Olivier , Banson Sandra , Bray Edouard
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to present the Monte Carlo code McRALI that
provides simulations under multiple-scattering regimes of polarized high-spectral-resolution (HSR) lidar and Doppler radar observations for
a three-dimensional (3D) cloudy atmosphere. The effects of nonuniform beam
filling (NUBF) on HSR lidar and Doppler radar signals related to the
EarthCARE mission are investigated with the help of an academic 3D
box cloud characterized by a single isolated jump in cloud optical depth,
assuming vertically constant wind velocity. Regarding Doppler radar signals,
it is confirmed that NUBF induces a severe bias in velocity estimates. The
correlation of the NUBF bias of Doppler velocity with the horizontal
gradient of reflectivity shows a correlation coefficient value around 0.15 m s−1 (dBZ km-1)-1, close to that given in the scientific
literature. Regarding HSR lidar signals, we confirm that multiple-scattering
processes are not negligible. We show that NUBF effects on molecular,
particulate, and total attenuated backscatter are mainly due to unresolved
variability of cloud inside the receiver field of view and, to a lesser
extent, to the horizontal photon transport. This finding gives some insight
into the reliability of lidar signal modeling using independent column
approximation (ICA).
Can we reconstruct the formation of large open-ocean polynyas in the Southern Ocean using ice core records?
Authors: Goosse Hugues , Dalaiden Quentin , Cavitte Marie G. P. , Zhang Liping
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Large open-ocean polynyas, defined as ice-free areas within the sea ice pack, have only rarely been observed in the Southern Ocean over the past decades. In addition to smaller recent events, an impressive sequence occurred in the Weddell Sea in 1974, 1975 and 1976 with openings of more than 300 000 km2 that lasted the full winter. These big events have a huge impact on the sea ice cover, deep-water formation, and, more generally, on the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic climate. However, we have no estimate of the frequency of the occurrence of such large open-ocean polynyas before the 1970s. Our goal here is to test if polynya activity
could be reconstructed using continental records and, specifically,
observations derived from ice cores. The fingerprint of big open-ocean
polynyas is first described in reconstructions based on data from weather
stations, in ice cores for the 1970s and in climate models. It shows a
signal characterized by a surface air warming and increased precipitation in coastal regions adjacent to the eastern part of the Weddell Sea, where
several high-resolution ice cores have been collected. The signal of
the isotopic composition of precipitation is more ambiguous; thus, we base our reconstructions on surface mass balance records alone. A first reconstruction is obtained by performing a simple average of standardized records. Given the similarity between the observed signal and the one simulated in models, we also use data assimilation to reconstruct past polynya activity. The impact of open-ocean polynyas on the continent is not large enough, compared with the changes due to factors such as atmospheric variability, to detect the polynya signal without ambiguity, and additional observations would be required to clearly discriminate the years with and without open-ocean polynya. Thus, it is reasonable to consider that, in these preliminary reconstructions, some high snow accumulation events may be wrongly interpreted as the consequence of polynya formation and some years with polynya formation may be missed. Nevertheless, our reconstructions suggest that big open-ocean polynyas, such as those observed in the 1970s, are rare events, occurring at most a few times per century. Century-scale changes in polynya activity are also likely, but our reconstructions are unable to precisely assess this aspect at this stage.
Multiscale fractal dimension analysis of a reduced order model of
coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics
Authors: Alberti Tommaso , Donner Reik V. , Vannitsem Stéphane
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Atmosphere and ocean dynamics display many complex features and are characterized by a wide variety of processes and couplings across different timescales. Here we demonstrate the application of Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition (MEMD) to investigate the multivariate and multiscale properties of a reduced order model of the ocean-atmosphere coupled dynamics. MEMD provides a decomposition of the original multivariate time series into a series of oscillating patterns with time-dependent amplitude and phase by exploiting the local features of the data and without any a priori assumptions on the decomposition basis. Moreover, each oscillating pattern, usually named Multivariate Intrinsic Mode Function (MIMF), represents a local source of information that can be used to explore the behavior of fractal features at different scales by defining a sort of multiscale/multivariate generalized fractal dimensions. With these two approaches, we show that the ocean- atmosphere dynamics presents a rich variety of features, with different multifractal properties for the ocean and the atmosphere at different timescales. For weak ocean–atmosphere coupling, the resulting dimensions of the two model components are very different, while for strong coupling for which coupled modes develop, the scaling properties are more similar especially at longer time scales. The latter result reflects the presence of a coherent coupled dynamics. Finally, we also compare our model results with those obtained from reanalysis data demonstrating that the latter exhibit a similar qualitative behavior in terms of multiscale dimensions and the existence of a scale-dependency of topological and geometric features for different regions, being related to the different drivers and processes occurring at different timescales in the coupled atmosphere-ocean system. Our approach can therefore be used to diagnose the strength of coupling in real applications.
A high-resolution gridded dataset of daily temperature and
precipitation records (1980–2018) for Trentino – South Tyrol (north-eastern
Italian Alps)
Authors: Crespi Alice , Matiu Michael , Bertoldi Giacomo , Petitta Marcello , Zebisch Marc
Published: January 2021

Abstract. A high-resolution gridded dataset of daily mean temperature and precipitation series spanning the period 1980ndash;2018 was built for Trentino ndash; South Tyrol, a mountainous region in north-eastern Italy, starting from an archive of observation series from more than 200 meteorological stations, covering the regional domain and surrounding countries. The original station data underwent a processing chain including quality and consistency checks, homogeneity tests, with the homogenization of the most relevant breaks in the series, and a filling procedure of daily gaps aiming at maximizing the data availability. Using the processed database, an anomaly-based interpolation scheme was applied to project the daily station observations of mean temperature and precipitation onto a regular grid of 250 m × 250 m resolution. The accuracy of the resulting dataset was evaluated by the leave-one-out station cross-validation. Averaged over all sites, interpolated daily temperature and precipitation show no bias, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of about 1.5 °C and 1.1 mm and a mean correlation of 0.97 and 0.91, respectively. The obtained daily fields were used to discuss the spatial representation of selected past events and the distribution of the main climatological features over the region, which shows the role of the mountainous terrain in defining the temperature and precipitation gradients. In addition, the suitability of the dataset to be combined with other high-resolution products was evaluated through a comparison of the gridded observations with snow-cover maps from remote sensing observations. The presented dataset provides an accurate insight on the spatio-temporal distribution of temperature and precipitation over the mountainous terrain of Trentino – South Tyrol and a valuable support for local and regional applications. The dataset is publicly available at https://www.pangaea.de/tok/2bea918566a8c18a728e098858856cd1fcc8dbe4, Crespi et al. (2020).
From mythology to science: the development of scientific hydrological
concepts in the Greek antiquity and its relevance to modern hydrology
Authors: Koutsoyiannis Demetris , Mamassis Nikos
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Whilst hydrology is a Greek term, it has not been in use in the Classical literature but much later, during the Renaissance, in its Latin version, hydrologia. On the other hand, Greek natural philosophers created robust knowledge in related scientific areas, to which they gave names such as meteorology, climate and hydraulics. These terms are now in common use internationally. Within these areas, Greek natural philosophers laid the foundation of hydrological concepts and the hydrological cycle in its entirety. Knowledge development was brought about by search for technological solutions to practical problems, as well as by scientific curiosity to explain natural phenomena. While initial explanations belong to the sphere of mythology, the rise of philosophy was accompanied by attempts to provide scientific descriptions of the phenomena. It appears that the first geophysical problem formulated in scientific terms was the explanation of the flood regime of the Nile, then regarded as a paradox because of the spectacular difference from the river flow regime in Greece and other Mediterranean regions, i.e., the fact that the Nile flooding occurs in summer when in most of the Mediterranean the rainfall is very low. While some of the early attempts to explain it were influenced by Homer’s mythical view (archaic period), eventually, Aristotle was able to formulate a correct hypothesis, which he tested through what it appears to be the first in history scientific expedition, in the turn from the Classical to Hellenistic period. This confirms the fact that the hydrological cycle was well understood during the Classical period yet it poses the question why Aristotle’s correct explanation had not been accepted and, instead, ancient and modern mythical views had been preferred up to the 18th century.
Deep uncertainties in shoreline change projections: an extra-probabilistic approach applied to sandy beaches
Authors: Thiéblemont Rémi , Le Cozannet Gonéri , Rohmer Jérémy , Toimil Alexandra , Álvarez-Cuesta Moisés , Losada Iñigo J.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Global mean sea-level rise and its acceleration are projected to aggravate coastal erosion over the 21st century, which constitutes a major challenge for coastal adaptation. Projections of shoreline retreat are highly uncertain, however, namely due to deeply uncertain mean sea-level projections and the absence of consensus on a coastal impact model. An improved understanding and a better quantification of these sources of deep uncertainty are hence required to improve coastal risk management and inform adaptation decisions. In this work we present and apply a new extra-probabilistic framework to develop shoreline change projections of sandy coasts that allows considering intrinsic (or aleatory) and knowledge-based (or epistemic) uncertainties exhaustively and transparently. This framework builds upon an empirical shoreline change model to which we ascribe possibility functions to represent deeply uncertain variables. The model is applied to two local sites in Aquitaine (France) and Castellón (Spain). First, we validate the framework against historical shoreline observations and then develop shoreline change projections that account for possible (although unlikely) low-end and high-end mean sea-level scenarios. Our high-end projections show for instance that shoreline retreats of up to 200 m in Aquitaine and 130 m in Castellón are plausible by 2100, while low-end projections revealed that 58 m and 37 m modest shoreline retreats, respectively, are also plausible. Such extended intervals of possible future shoreline changes reflect an ambiguity in the probabilistic description of shoreline change projections, which could be substantially reduced by better constraining SLR projections and improving coastal impact models. We found for instance that if mean sea-level by 2100 does not exceed 1 m, the ambiguity can be reduced by more than 50 %. This could be achieved through an ambitious climate mitigation policy and improved knowledge on ice-sheets.
Debris flows recorded in the Moscardo catchment (Italian Alps) between 1990 and 2019
Authors: Marchi Lorenzo , Cazorzi Federico , Arattano Massimo , Cucchiaro Sara , Cavalli Marco , Crema Stefano
Published: January 2021

Abstract. This paper presents debris-flow data recorded in the Moscardo
Torrent (eastern Italian Alps) between 1990 and 2019. In this time interval,
30 debris flows were observed: 26 of them were monitored by sensors
installed on the channel, while four were only documented through post-event
observations. Monitored data consist of debris-flow hydrographs, measured
utilizing ultrasonic sensors, and rainfall. Debris flows in the Moscardo
Torrent occur from early June to the end of September, with higher frequency
in the first part of summer. The paper presents data on triggering rainfall,
flow velocity, peak discharge, and volume for the monitored hydrographs.
Simplified triangular hydrographs and dimensionless hydrographs were derived
to show the basic features of the debris flows in the Moscardo Torrent (time
to peak, surge duration, flow depth) and permitting comparison with other
instrumented catchments. The dataset is made available to the public with
the following DOI: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.919707.
The zone of influence: matching sea level variability from coastal altimetry and tide gauges for vertical land motion estimation
Authors: Oelsmann Julius , Passaro Marcello , Dettmering Denise , Schwatke Christian , Sánchez Laura , Seitz Florian
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Vertical land motion (VLM) at the coast is a substantial contributor to relative sea level change. In this work, we present a refined method for its
determination, which is based on the combination of absolute satellite altimetry (SAT) sea level measurements and relative sea level changes
recorded by tide gauges (TGs). These measurements complement VLM estimates from the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) by increasing their spatial
coverage. Trend estimates from the SAT and TG combination are particularly sensitive to the quality and resolution of applied altimetry data as well as
to the coupling procedure of altimetry and TGs. Hence, a multi-mission, dedicated coastal along-track altimetry dataset is coupled with
high-frequency TG measurements at 58 stations. To improve the coupling procedure, a so-called “zone of influence” (ZOI) is defined, which confines
coherent zones of sea level variability on the basis of relative levels of comparability between TG and altimetry observations. Selecting 20 %
of the most representative absolute sea level observations in a 300 km radius around the TGs results in the best VLM estimates in terms of
accuracy and uncertainty. At this threshold, VLMSAT-TG estimates have median formal uncertainties of
0.58 mm yr−1. Validation against GNSS VLM estimates yields a root mean square (rmsΔVLM) of VLMSAT-TG and
VLMGNSS differences of 1.28 mm yr−1, demonstrating the level of accuracy of our approach. Compared to a reference
250 km radius selection, the 300 km zone of influence improves trend accuracies by 15 % and uncertainties by 35 %. With
increasing record lengths, the spatial scales of the coherency in coastal sea level trends increase. Therefore, the relevance of the ZOI for
improving VLMSAT-TG accuracy decreases. Further individual zone of influence adaptations offer the prospect of bringing the accuracy of
the estimates below 1 mm yr−1.
An Analytical Framework for Stress Shadow Analysis During
Hydraulic Fracturing – Applied to the Bakken Formation,
Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Gorjian Mostafa , Hendi Sepidehalsadat , Hawkes Christopher D.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. This paper presents selected results of a broader research project pertaining to the hydraulic fracturing of oil reservoirs hosted in the siltstones and fine grained sandstones of the Bakken Formation in southeast Saskatchewan, Canada. The Bakken Formation contains significant volumes of hydrocarbon, but large-scale hydraulic fracturing is required to achieve economic production rates. The performance of hydraulic fractures is strongly dependent on fracture attributes such as length and width, which in turn are dependent on in-situ stresses. This paper reviews methods for estimating changes to the in-situ stress field (stress shadow) resulting from mechanical effects (fracture opening), poro-elastic effects, and thermo-elastic effects associated with fluid injection for hydraulic fracturing. The application of this method is illustrated for a multi-stage hydraulic fracturing operation, to predict principal horizontal stress magnitudes and orientations at each stage. A methodology is also presented for using stress shadow models to assess the potential for inducing shear failure on natural fractures. The results obtained in this work suggest that thermo and poro-elastic stresses are negligible for hydraulic fracturing in the Bakken Formation of southeast Saskatchewan, hence a mechanical stress shadow formulation is used for analyzing multistage hydraulic fracture treatments. This formulation (and a simplified version of the formulation) predicts an increase in instantaneous shut-in pressure (ISIP) that is consistent with field observations (i.e., ISIP increasing from roughly 21.6 MPa to values slightly greater than 26 MPa) for a 30-stage fracture treatment. The size of predicted zones of shear failure on natural fractures are comparable with the event clouds observed in microseismic monitoring when assumed values of 115°/65° are used for natural fracture strike/dip; however, more data on natural fracture attributes and more microseismic monitoring data for the area are required before rigorous assessment of the model is possible.
Spectral characterization, radiative forcing and pigment content of coastal Antarctic snow algae: approaches to spectrally discriminate red and green communities and their impact on snowmelt
Authors: Khan Alia L. , Dierssen Heidi M. , Scambos Ted A. , Höfer Juan , Cordero Raul R.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Here, we present radiative forcing (RF) estimates by snow
algae in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) region from multi-year measurements of
solar radiation and ground-based hyperspectral characterization of red and
green snow algae collected during a brief field expedition in austral summer 2018. Our analysis includes pigment content from samples at three bloom
sites. Algal biomass in the snow and albedo reduction are well-correlated
across the visible spectrum. Relative to clean snow, visibly green patches
reduce snow albedo by ∼40 % and red patches by
∼20 %. However, red communities absorb considerably more
light per milligram of pigment compared to green communities, particularly in green
wavelengths. Based on our study results, it should be possible to
differentiate red and green algae using Sentinel-2 bands in blue, green and
red wavelengths. Instantaneous RF averages were double for green (180 W m−2) vs. red communities (88 W m−2), with a maximum of 228 W m−2. Based on multi-year solar radiation measurements at Palmer
Station, this translated to a mean daily RF of ∼26 W m−2
(green) and ∼13 W m−2 (red) during peak growing season
– on par with midlatitude dust attributions capable of advancing snowmelt.
This results in ∼2522 m3 of snow melted by
green-colored algae and ∼1218 m3 of snow melted by
red-colored algae annually over the summer, suggesting snow algae play a
significant role in snowmelt in the AP regions where they occur. We suggest
impacts of RF by snow algae on snowmelt be accounted for in future estimates
of Antarctic ice-free expansion in the AP region.
Contrasting regional variability of buried meltwater extent over two
years across the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Dunmire Devon , Banwell Alison F. , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , Datta Rajashree Tri
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) rapid mass loss is primarily driven by an increase in meltwater runoff, which highlights the importance of understanding the formation, evolution and impact of meltwater features on the ice sheet. Buried lakes are meltwater features that contain liquid water and exist under layers of snow, firn, and/or ice. These lakes are invisible in optical imagery, challenging the analysis of their evolution and implication for larger GrIS dynamics and mass change. Here, we present a method that uses a convolutional neural network, a deep learning method, to automatically detect buried lakes across the GrIS. For the years 2018 and 2019, we compare total areal extent of both buried and surface lakes across six regions, and use a regional climate model to explain the spatial and temporal differences. We find that the total buried lake extent after the 2019 melt season is 56 % larger than after the 2018 melt season across the entire ice sheet. Northern Greenland observes the largest increase in buried lake extent after the 2019 melt season, which we attribute to late-summer surface melt and high autumn temperatures. We also provide evidence that different processes are responsible for buried lake formation in different regions of the ice sheet. For example, in western Greenland, buried lakes often appear on the surface during the previous melt season, indicating that these features form when surface lakes partially freeze and become insulated as snowfall buries them. In contrast, in southeast Greenland, most buried lakes never appear on the surface, signifying that these features may form due to subsurface penetration of shortwave radiation and/or downward percolation of meltwater. This study helps to provide additional perspective on the potential role of meltwater on GrIS dynamics and mass loss.
Parameterization of wind evolution using lidar
Authors: Chen Yiyin , Schlipf David , Cheng Po Wen
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Wind evolution, i.e., the evolution of turbulence structures over time, has become an increasingly interesting topic in recent years, mainly due to the development of lidar-assisted wind turbine control, which requires accurate prediction of wind evolution to avoid unnecessary or even harmful control actions. Moreover, 4D stochastic wind field simulations can be made possible by integrating wind evolution into standard 3D simulations to provide a more realistic simulation environment for this control concept. Motivated by these factors, this research aims to investigate the potential of Gaussian process regression in the parameterization of wind evolution. Wind evolution is commonly quantified using magnitude-squared coherence of wind speed and is estimated with lidar data measured by two nacelle-mounted lidars in this research. A two-parameter wind evolution model modified from a previous study is used to model the estimated coherence. A statistical analysis is done for the wind evolution model parameters determined from the estimated coherence to provide some insights into the characteristics of wind evolution. Gaussian process regression models are trained with the wind evolution model parameters and different combinations of wind-field-related variables acquired from the lidars and a meteorological mast. The automatic relevance determination squared exponential kernel function is applied to select suitable variables for the models. The performance of the Gaussian process regression models is analyzed with respect to different variable combinations, and the selected variables are discussed to shed light on the correlation between wind evolution and these variables.
Critical revision of some myxomycetes in the Argentinian herbaria BAFC and LIL – 5
Authors: Moreno G. , Aacute  , López-Villalba  , Castillo A. , Deschamps J.R. , Hladki A.
Published: January 2021

Sixty-two collections conserved in the herbaria BAFC and LIL are revised herein. Of the 31 different myxomycete species represented, seven are new records for Argentina. These are Arcyria affinis, Badhamia gigantospora, Cribraria purpurea, Fuligo intermedia,
Physarum carneum, Physarum javanicum, and Physarum penetrale. The LM and SEM micrographs included illustrate the most representative characters of each species.
Varioseptispora chinensis gen. & sp. nov., V. apicalis nom. nov., V. hodgkissii comb. nov., and V. versiseptatis comb. nov.
Authors: Xu Zhao-Huan , Qiu Ling , Kuang Wei-Gang , Shi Xu-Geng , Zhang Xiu-Guo , Castañeda-Ruíz Rafael F. , Ma Jian
Published: January 2021

Varioseptispora chinensis, a new genus and species, collected on decaying twigs of unidentified plants in Hainan, China, is described and illustrated. The genus is characterized by macronematous, unbranched, conidiophores with polytretic, integrated, terminal or intercalary
conidiogenous cells that produce solitary, acropleurogenous distoseptate and euseptate, brown conidia. The illegitimate Helminthosporium apicale V. Rao & de Hoog is accommodated in Varioseptispora as the replacement name V. apicalis ; and two Spadicoides spp.
are accommodated as the new combinations V. hodgkissii and V. versiseptatis. A synoptic table and key to Varioseptispora species are provided.
Blodgettia sinensis sp. nov. from Lushan Mountain, China
Authors: Shi Xu-Gen , Xu Zhao-Huan , Kuang Wei-Gang , Castañeda-Ruíz Rafael F. , Ma Jian
Published: January 2021

A new asexual fungus Blodgettia sinensis is described and illustrated from a specimen collected on dead branches of an unidentified broadleaf tree in Lushan Mountain, China. The fungus differs from other described Blodgettia species in its ellipsoidal, brown, 3(–6)-euseptate
conidia with rounded apices.
Three new records of Porina from China
Authors: Liu Fei Yue , Xu Ya Nan , Zhu Meng Li , Zhao Xin
Published: January 2021

Three species of the lichen genus Porina are newly reported for China: P. internigrans, P. kamerunensis, and P. subrubrosphaera. Taxonomic descriptions, illustrations, and comments are provided.
Beltrania nodulosa sp. nov. from Ecuador
Authors: Quevedo Adela , Sosa Daynet , Vera Marcos , Espinoza Fernando , Magdama Freddy , Serrano Lizette , Villavicencio Mirian , Castañeda-Ruiz Rafael F.
Published: January 2021

Beltrania nodulosa, a new species found on a decaying leaf of an unidentified plant in Ecuador, is described and illustrated. The fungus is characterized by cylindricalnodulose conidiophores and primarily monoblastic integrated mostly intercalary nodose conidiogenous cells. Its
solitary and mostly pleurogenous broadly biconic to rhombic conidia are obtuse or rounded at the apex and inconspicuously mammillate at the base below the inconspicuous transverse supra-equatorial hyaline band.
Four Effective Actions of Teacher Participation in Training
Authors: Meng Fanming
Published: January 2021

In a people-oriented education system in China, teachers need to be treated as complete human beings. This not only requires teachers to master the relevant educational technology, but also to update their own educational ideas. The teacher training has become an important way for teachers to adapt to the development of online education. As the main body of the training activities, primary and secondary school teachers should (1) act as learners, (2) be fully prepared for learning, (3) attach importance to professional writing and (4) build a learning community.