bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantile regression for incomplete longitudinal data with selection by death
Authors: Jacqmin-Gadda Hélène , Rouanet Anaïs , Mba Robert D , Philipps Viviane , Dartigues Jean-François
Published: March 2020

Quantile regressions are increasingly used to provide population norms for quantitative variables. Indeed, they do not require any Gaussian assumption for the response and allow to characterize its entire distribution through different quantiles. Quantile regressions are especially useful to provide norms of cognitive scores in the elderly that may help general practitioners to identify subjects with unexpectedly low cognitive level in routine examinations. These norms may be estimated from cohorts of elderly using quantile regression for longitudinal data, but this requires to properly account for selection by death, dropout and intermittent missing data. In this work, we extend the weighted estimating equation approach to estimate conditional quantiles in the population currently alive from mortal cohorts with dropout and intermittent missing data. Suitable weight estimation procedures are provided for both monotone and intermittent missing data and under two missing-at-random assumptions, when the observation probability given that the subject is alive depends on the survival time (p-MAR assumption) or not (u-MAR assumption). Inference is performed through subject-level bootstrap. The method is validated in a simulation study and applied to the French cohort Paquid to estimate quantiles of a cognitive test in the elderly population currently alive. On one hand, the simulations show that the u-MAR analysis is quite robust when the true missingness mechanism is p-MAR. This is a useful result because computation of suitable weights for intermittent missing data under the p-MAR assumption is untractable. On the other hand, the simulations highlight, along with the real data analysis, the usefulness of suitable weights for intermittent missing data. This method is implemented in the R package weightQuant.
Outlier robust modeling of survival curves in the presence of potentially time-varying coefficients
Authors: Biccler Jorne Lionel , Bøgsted Martin , Van Aelst Stefan , Verdonck Tim
Published: March 2020

In time to event studies, censoring often occurs and models that take this into account are wide-spread. In the presence of outliers, standard estimators of model parameters may be affected such that results and conclusions are not reliable anymore. This in turn also hampers the detection of these outliers due to masking effects. To cope with outliers when using proportional hazard models, we propose to use the Brier score as a loss function. Since the coefficients often vary over time, we focus on the piecewise constant hazard model, which can flexibly model time-varying coefficients if a large number of cut-points is used. To prevent overfitting, we add a penalty term that potentially shrinks time-varying effects to constant effects. By fitting the coefficients of the piecewise constant hazard model using a penalized Brier score loss, we obtain a robust model that can handle time-varying coefficients. Its good performance is illustrated in a simulation study and using two datasets from practice.
Calcium-dependent Protein Kinases in Malaria Parasite Development and Infection
Authors: Ghartey-Kwansah George , Yin Qinan , Li Zhongguang , Gumpper Kristyn , Sun Yuting , Yang Rong , Wang Dan , Jones Odell , Zhou Xin , Wang Liyang , Bryant Joseph , Ma Jianjie , Boampong Johnson Nyarko , Xu Xuehong
Published: March 2020

Apicomplexan parasites have challenged researchers for nearly a century. A major challenge to developing efficient treatments and vaccines is the parasite’s ability to change its cellular and molecular makeup to develop intracellular and extracellular niches in its hosts. Ca2+ signaling is an important messenger for the egress of the malaria parasite from the infected erythrocyte, gametogenesis, ookinete motility in the mosquito, and sporozoite invasion of mammalian hepatocytes. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) have crucial functions in calcium signaling at various stages of the parasite’s life cycle; this therefore makes them attractive drug targets against malaria. Here, we summarize the functions of the various CDPK isoforms in relation to the malaria life cycle by emphasizing the molecular mechanism of developmental progression within host tissues. We also discuss the current development of anti-malarial drugs, such as how specific bumped kinase inhibitors (BKIs) for parasite CDPKs have been shown to reduce infection in Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Plasmodium falciparum. Our suggested combinations of BKIs, artemisinin derivatives with peroxide bridge, and inhibitors on the Ca(2+)-ATPase PfATP6 as a potential target should be inspected further as a treatment against malaria.
Canine eosinophilic pulmonary granulomatosis: case report and literature review
Authors: Abbott Dawn E. E. , Allen Andrew L.
Published: March 2020

We describe and illustrate herein a case of eosinophilic pulmonary granulomatosis (EPG) in a 16-mo-old, castrated male, Great Pyrenees crossbred dog. EPG appears to differ from eosinophilic pneumonias and eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy in dogs by the presence of nodules and masses in the lungs composed of eosinophils, macrophages, and various combinations of lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, and mast cells within fibrous tissue. Specific information from this dog was added to the information from the limited number of other dogs diagnosed with EPG reported in the veterinary literature, and the information analyzed. EPG appears to have no breed or sex predilection and tends to be a disease of younger dogs, often ≤ 3 y of age. Antemortem imaging of nodules and masses in the lungs, combined with cytologic evidence of eosinophils in the lesions, is highly suggestive of EPG, and the diagnosis can be confirmed postmortem. Concurrent eosinophilia and basophilia can be features of EPG, but their diagnostic value requires further investigation, as does the possible causal association with Dirofilaria immitis infection.
Through the Glass Bubble: Chronic Pain and the Doctor–Patient Relationship as Perceived by Patients
Authors: Sonenberg Nir , Davidson Eliad , Jacoby Rebecca
Published: March 2020

At the beginning of the 21st century, the interdisciplinary model for treating patients suffering from chronic pain has been adopted by a growing number of health centers. There is not, however, enough research examining how patients treated in clinics guided by this philosophy experience their condition and treatment. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to gain a closer understanding of the experience of these chronic pain patients. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 men and women aged 24 to 54 years who have suffered from chronic pain for over a year. The interviews were analyzed using the interpretative phenomenological analysis method. According to our analysis, participants experience themselves as trapped within endless pain that blurs their sense of identity and autonomy and isolates them from their environment. Participants expressed their desire for a close and caring relationship with their doctors as a way of relieving their sense of isolation. Based on our analysis, we suggest a patient-centered model for guiding doctors caring for chronic pain patients, which highlights the patients’ social and emotional experiences in addition to their medical condition.
Application of a novel linearization method to compare the on–off control strategies modeled by piecewise linear systems
Authors: Sireteanu Tudor , Solomon Ovidiu , Mitu Ana-Maria , Giuclea Marius
Published: March 2020

In this study, a novel approach for linearization of piecewise linear systems is applied to approximate the root mean square output of a quarter car model with semiactive control. The on–off control strategies, balance logic, skyhook, groundhook, and hybrid are modeled by piecewise linear systems with variable friction. By the proposed method, one can attach, for each output of practical interest, a linear system with the same transmissibility factor. The obtained transmissibility factors are used to approximate the root mean square output of considered semiactive systems using the power spectral density input–output relationships for constant parameter linear systems with stationary random inputs. The method is applied for optimization of hybrid control strategy with respect to a performance index defined in terms of sprung mass acceleration, suspension travel, and dynamic contact force.
Tenth Triennial Toxicology Salary Survey
Authors: Sullivan Dexter W. , Gad Shayne C.
Published: March 2020

This survey serves as the tenth in a series of toxicology salary surveys conducted at 3-year intervals and beginning in 1988. An electronic survey instrument was distributed to members of the Society of Toxicology, American College of Toxicology, and 8 additional professional organizations. Question items inquired about gender, age, degree, years of experience, certifications held, areas of specialization, society membership, employment and income. Overall, 1338 responses were received. The results of the toxicology salary survey provide insight into the job market and career path for current and future toxicologists.
Evaluating Chronic Disease Surveillance Systems: Lessons Learned From Applying a Framework to Assess the Alaska Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Authors: Cueva Katie , Fenaughty Andrea , Liendo Jessica Aulasa , Hyde-Rolland Samantha
Published: March 2020

Chronic diseases with behavioral risk factors are now the leading causes of death in the United States. A national Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) monitors those risk factors; however, there is a need for national and state evaluations of chronic disease surveillance systems. The Department of Health and Human Services/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed a framework on evaluating noncommunicable disease–related surveillance systems; however, no implementation of this framework has yet been published. This article describes the process of, and offers lessons learned from, implementing the evaluation framework to assess the Alaska BRFSS. This implementation evaluation may inform assessments of other state and regional chronic disease surveillance systems and offers insight on the positive potential to consult key stakeholders to guide evaluation priorities.
A molecular dynamics-based investigation on tribological properties of functionalized graphene reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites
Authors: Talapatra Animesh , Datta Debasis
Published: March 2020

Tribo-mechanical properties of pure thermoplastic polyurethane and functionalized monolayer graphene-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane polymer nanocomposites are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Initially, the mechanical properties of the thermoplastic polyurethane and functionalized monolayer graphene-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites are measured by applying constant stain method. Subsequently, interfacial layer models are developed to apply confined shear on the iron layers to find out the coefficient of friction and the abrasion rate of pure thermoplastic polyurethane and functionalized monolayer graphene-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites. The results imply that by the incorporation of 0.5 wt.% functionalized monolayer, graphene shows the increase of 20% in Young’s modulus, 15% in shear modulus and 6.66% in bulk modulus of pure thermoplastic polyurethane, respectively, which are in good agreement with the previous experimental studies. Maximum enhancement of mechanical properties can be obtained up to 3 wt.% addition of functionalized monolayer graphene addition in thermoplastic polyurethane matrix. Further, it is observed that 3 wt.% of functionalized monolayer graphene-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposite results in minimum coefficient of friction (0.42) and abrasion rate (19%) under constant normal load (5 kcal/mol/Å) and maximum sliding velocity (11 m/s). However, further reduction in minimum values of coefficient of friction and abrasion rate at 3 wt.% of functionalized monolayer graphene-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites is seen under the minimum sliding velocity (1 m/s) considered with the same normal load condition. Finally, the inherent mechanisms for enhancement of tribo-mechanical properties in functionalized monolayer graphene-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites are analysed by the atomic density profile, free volume and Connolly surface at the atomic level.
Advance care planning among older LGBT Canadians: Heteronormative influences
Authors: de Vries Brian , Gutman Gloria , Soheilipour Shimae , Gahagan Jacqueline , Humble Áine , Mock Steven , Chamberland Line
Published: March 2020

Advance care planning (ACP) in North America often takes place in a cultural context of great ambivalence about death and dying, challenging efforts to discuss end-of-life care desires and preparations for death. Such challenges are amplified for sexual and gender minority older adults who often lack connections to traditional heteronormative systems of support. The extent of ACP preparation (completed documents, discussions) and their predictors was examined among a national sample of 91 community-dwelling Canadian LGBT older adults (mean age 68). The sample was disproportionately single and lived alone; more trans participants had children and about half of all participants reported a chosen family. About two-thirds of participants had a will, while less than half had a living will and power of attorney for health care, and a quarter had made informal caregiving arrangements. Just over one-third of respondents reported having discussions about future care and end-of-life plans. The only significant predictors of both ACP documents completed and ACP discussions undertaken were relationship status (those in a relationship were more likely to have engaged in both) and number of children (those with children were less likely to have completed documents). Given that most LGBT older adults are single, efforts must be expanded to reach and engage these individuals in preparing for end of life.
Key expressions of trauma-related distress in Cambodian children: A step toward culturally sensitive trauma assessment and intervention
Authors: Figge Caleb J , Martinez-Torteya Cecilia , Taing Sopheap , Chhim Sotheara , Hinton Devon E
Published: March 2020

More than half of all children in Cambodia experience direct abuse and over 70% experience other traumatic events, which significantly increase their risks for a range of physical and mental health problems. Additionally, Cambodian children face longstanding sociopolitical, intergenerational, and cultural factors that compound the impact of other trauma. As a result, rates of posttraumatic stress symptoms among Cambodian youth are high. However, care providers often rely on Western-based nosology that does not account for culturally specific expressions of trauma. A greater understanding of culturally-salient expressions of distress can help inform diagnostic assessment accuracy and treatment effectiveness and monitoring. The current study utilized a qualitative design to interview 30 Cambodian caregivers of children with trauma experiences and 30 Cambodian children (ages 10–13 years) with trauma experiences to identify key local expressions of trauma. Findings reveal certain PTSD symptoms and culturally-specific frequent and severe trauma-related problems for Cambodian children and domains of functioning impacted by trauma. Certain symptoms seem particularly important to evaluate in this group, such as anger, physical complaints (e.g., headache and palpitations), and cognitive-focused complaints (in particular, “thinking too much”). All caregivers and children reported physical health as impacted by trauma-related problems, highlighting a particularly salient domain of functioning for this population. Expressions of distress explored in the current study are discussed in the context of assessment and intervention development to inform diagnostic and clinical efforts for those working with trauma-exposed Cambodian children.
Electoral integrity – The winner takes it all? Evidence from three British general elections
Authors: Fisher Justin , Sällberg Yohanna
Published: March 2020

Studies of electoral integrity typically focus on electoral evaluators (expert surveys), electoral consumers (electors) and, occasionally, electoral producers (electoral administrators). Using a unique new data set collected at the British general elections of 2010, 2015 and 2017, this article examines evaluations of electoral integrity among a previously unresearched group of electoral users – the election agents of candidates standing for election. Using measures of both negative and positive electoral integrity, the article models explanations of users’ evaluations, focusing on the agent characteristics, geography and electoral status of the district or constituency. It shows that evaluations of electoral integrity vary significantly and highlights both that questions of electoral integrity are more localised than widespread, and that despite the significant impact of winner/loser effects, issues of electoral integrity are strongly related to the urban characteristics of an electoral district. In so doing, it makes a significant contribution to the literature on electoral integrity.
A comparative analysis of the information duties in Belgian and American occupational pensions
Authors: Denys Marjolein , Pratt David , Stevens Yves
Published: March 2020

Both the United States of America and Belgium attach great importance to communication duties in occupational pensions. Several legal sources in both countries provide the right to be informed to participants. The legislation in both countries seeks to ensure accurate, correct, transparent and understandable communication. Despite this resemblance, there are some differences in communication. The countries can learn from one another. Based on a theoretical framework developed in and for the European Union, the communication rights and duties in the USA and Belgium are analysed. This analysis leads to a better understanding of the different legal responsibilities, transparency rules, simplification efforts and technical correctness of the types of occupational pension information analyzed.
Secondary School Context and (Timely) College Completion in Chile’s Education System: A Cohort Study
Authors: Venegas-Muggli Juan I.
Published: March 2020

This article examines the link between secondary school context and both college completion and timely college completion. A quantitative methodology is applied to study the cohort of Chilean students who began postsecondary studies in 2008. Specifically, multilevel logistic regression models were considered. The results show that students who graduate from public secondary schools, who follow vocational educational tracks, who take more time to enroll in college after finishing secondary school, and who do not receive financial support have lower odds of completing their college degrees. As far as timely college completion is concerned, this study shows that students who graduate from private schools and rural schools and who receive financial support have higher odds of completing their studies in a timely fashion. Policy implications to support students who find it more difficult to succeed in higher educational contexts are discussed.
Substance Use and Interpersonal Violence: Exploring Potential Threats to Underrepresented Minority Students’ Academic Success
Authors: Asher BlackDeer Autumn , Patterson Silver Wolf David A. , Beeler-Stinn Sara , Duran Bonnie
Published: March 2020

Background

College dropout has been described as an epidemic, with underrepresented minority (URM) students having the highest dropout rates at colleges and universities. This study examines interpersonal violence and substance use as potential threats to the academic success of URM students.

Methods

This study is a secondary data analysis of the National College Health Assessment.

Results

Significant decreases for grade point average (GPA) in African American students were associated with physical violence and marijuana use. For Hispanic/Latinx students, physical violence, marijuana use, and methamphetamine use were significantly associated with decreases in GPA. American Indian, Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian students’ decreases in GPA were significantly associated with marijuana use.

Conclusions

Results of the study indicated that substance use and interpersonal violence are associated with decreases in GPA for various groups of URM. These findings are disconcerting and relay the importance for colleges and universities to undertake strategies to increase the retention of URM students.
Insulin Resistance Is Independently Associated With Enlarged Perivascular Space in the Basal Ganglia in Nondiabetic Healthy Elderly Population
Authors: Wu Danhong , Yang Xiaoli , Zhong Ping , Ye Xiaofei , Li Chen , Liu Xueyuan
Published: March 2020

Objectives:

To investigate the association between insulin resistance (IR) and enlarged perivascular space (EPVS) in the basal gangliain nondiabetic healthy elderly population.

Methods:

A total of 235 nondiabetic healthy elderly population were recruited. A 3-level scale was used to evaluate the burden of EPVSs. The homeostasis model assessment–estimated insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was used for IR estimation. Correlation between IR and severity of EPVS was assessed using the regression model after adjusting demographics and cardiovascular risk factors.

Results:

The top quartile of HOMA-IR was 2.52, and 25.11% of patients showed IR. The proportion of patients with IR was higher in the moderate to severe EPVS group than in the mild group (36.51% vs 20.93%, P = .015). In multivariate logistic analysis, IR was positively correlated with the moderate to severe EPVS (adjusted odds ratio: 3.532, 95% confidence interval: 1.633-7.636, P = .001) after adjusting classical risk factors.

Conclusions:

Insulin resistance was independently correlated with EPVS in the basal ganglia in nondiabetic healthy elderly population.
Lived Experience, Transparency, Help, and Humility: Four Characteristics of Clergy Responding to Mental and Emotional Problems
Authors: Hays Krystal , Shepard Payne Jennifer
Published: March 2020

Many individuals who experience mental and emotional problems prefer support from clergy instead of formal mental health services. Because clergy are often sought out by those with mental illnesses, it is essential to understand their perspectives about mental and emotional problems and identify the individual characteristics that influence these perspectives. This study utilized qualitative data from a conversation among pastors in an online social networking group to examine the characteristics of clergy who held affirming attitudes toward professional mental health services. Thirty-five pastors participated in the discussion, generating more than 140 comments over 13 days in response to the question: “If the church is where we are to come for healing, how do we handle people who are depressed, suicidal, suffering from PTSD or anxiety?” Thematic analysis was conducted, and results suggest four characteristics common among clergy: personal experiences with mental and emotional problems, transparency in sharing their stories, personal help-seeking, and humility. These four characteristics may influence clergy members’ present-day understanding and responses to mental and emotional problems. Implications for spiritual care professionals and mental health professionals are presented.
Quality Pastoral Relationships in Healthcare Settings: Guidelines for Codes of Ethics
Authors: Peeters Evelyn J. H.
Published: March 2020

“Pastoral caregiver–patient relationships” sections in ethical codes commonly provide a list of principles, proscriptions and prescriptions, with a focus on boundaries to safeguard the professional character of pastoral relationships and avert their harmful potential. The article promotes this code section’s coherency and comprehensiveness by respectively (i) drawing a framework in the context of which ethical guidance can be orderly presented, and (ii) focusing on the inter-personal core of pastoral relationships and their healing potential.
A Chaplain’s Notebook: Poetry as Spiritual Nourishment
Authors: Beresin Neil
Published: March 2020

In the fall of 2017 as a chaplain intern working in a hospital setting, I started reading poems to patients and families with the hope that language could offer a buffer to suffering, a meditative space to slow down time and hear the comforting sound of language. This article contains stories of the power of poetry to nourish, nurture and connect with individuals facing darkness, doubt and vulnerability.
What’s the Point of Clinical Pastoral Education and Pastoral Counselling Education? Political, Developmental, and Professional Considerations
Authors: Lasair Simon
Published: March 2020

Further clarity is needed regarding the uniqueness of spiritual care and psycho-spiritual therapy. In this article, this uniqueness is described as the relative spiritual health of spiritual health professionals. Drawing upon political philosophy, spiritual development theories, and studies in spiritual health, three traits of spiritual health are revealed that spiritual health professionals need to function effectively in their work environments. The article ends with four recommendations for both clinical pastoral education and pastoral counselling education.
Russell and the Handshake: Greeting in Spiritual Care
Authors: Smith Aaron P. B.
Published: March 2020

One of the most common practices in spiritual care involves welcoming or greeting others. Despite this, there is little literature exploring this practice in terms of how it is experienced by those we greet, how it impacts people and relationships, and how it should occur. By reflecting on several stories of handshakes and greeting, this paper seeks to call to attention the experience, impact, and “how-to” of greeting in spiritual care.
A New Paradigm for Testing Clinical Competence in Chaplaincy Certification
Authors: Handzo George F , Wintz Susan K
Published: March 2020

This article describes the rationale, evolution, implementation, and evaluation of a process for testing clinical competence in health care chaplaincy certification. The process developed by the Spiritual Care Association uses Zoom technology, simulated patient actors, and evidence-based behaviors. Evaluation of the process by users has been very positive. The process seems to have acceptable validity, reliability, and usability and should be considered as an alternative to self-report clinical encounters as a test of clinical competence.
The Cultivation of Technological Intelligence
Authors: Hamman Jaco J.
Published: March 2020

Clinical thoughts for “In the Media.”
The performance identification of gripper by isocline analysis
Authors: Chuang Yun-Ju , Tsung Tsing-Tshih , Chang Ho , Sun Yin-Tung
Published: March 2020

In this work, a way to identify the performance and adjustment of the gripper was proposed by isocline analysis. This isocline analysis method is processed in three steps. Initially, the performance of the original gripper was tested, followed by adjusting the size factors of the gripper, and finally the boundary curve of the catch range was translated inside. Through these three steps, three results were obtained. First, the original performance of the gripper by step 1 was understood, then the difference between the adjusted gripper and the original gripper by step 2 was noted, and finally, the best position or boundary for this gripper by step 3 was identified. This is a feasible performance test, and it has three advantages. Most important of all, the working range of the gripper is understood. Moreover, the most appropriate working position of the gripper is identified. The results showed that the obtained gripper has the potential to improve performance.
Computer vision-based techniques and path planning strategy in a slope monitoring system using unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Li Qing , Min Gaochen , Chen Peng , Liu Yukun , Tian Siyu , Zhang Dezheng , Zhang Weicun
Published: March 2020

Unmanned aerial vehicle is a typical field robot which can work in many unstructured environments like mines, forests, and even radiation areas. In our mine monitoring system built in a northeast province of China, special designed unmanned aerial vehicle is applied to take photos and perceive the environment. We select a series of image-based techniques to process aerial pictures to monitor the slope. The visual features are initially refined by histogram equalization. Then, the rocks and cracks can be detected by different digital image processing operators, like Canny, so as to assess displacements. Advanced semantic segmentation model, U-Net, is also selected to process the problem. Experimental results show that both Canny and U-Net can perceive the edges in pictures effectively, better than other operators. In addition, we model the inspection mission for mine slopes into a traveling salesman problem, then plan the path for unmanned aerial vehicle by swarm intelligence-based optimization.
Aripiprazole in youth with intellectual disabilities: A retrospective chart study
Authors: Reurts Eva Enneke , Troost Pieter W , Dinnissen Mariken , Reijnen Sam , Hoekstra Pieter J , Popma Arne
Published: March 2020

A retrospective chart study of patients on open-label aripiprazole treatment was conducted in the Netherlands to add to the knowledge of aripiprazole in children and young adults with mild and borderline intellectual disabilities (IDs). Fifty-three youths, mean age 14.7 ± 3.4 years and mean IQ 64.5 ±13.8, were included. Treatment responders were defined as “much improved” or “very much improved” based on the Clinical Global Impression -Improvement scale. For 83% of the patients, disruptive behavior was the main target symptom. The overall response rate was 30% after 1–4 weeks and 69% after 5–8 weeks. The 5–8 weeks responders showed a response rate of 64% at 22–26 weeks. Mild adverse events were observed in 53% of the patients of which fatigue and weight gain were the most common. Seven patients (13.2%) discontinued because of adverse events. In 53 children and young adults with mild and borderline IDs, aripiprazole was effective in both the short and the long term. No serious adverse events were observed.
Clustering performance in the European Basketball according to players’ characteristics and contextual variables
Authors: Mateus Nuno , Esteves Pedro , Gonçalves Bruno , Torres Ivan , Gomez Miguel Angel , Arede Jorge , Leite Nuno
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study was two-fold: (i) to identify differences in the game performance profiles of basketball players in Euroleague and European national championships; and (ii) to analyse the influence of player-related (e.g. age or court-position) and contextual variables (e.g. distance travelled or game break) in players’ game-related statistics. Archival data from 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons ( n = 16,268 individual game performance records) of Euroleague and European national championships were separately analyzed using a two-step cluster model and then a discriminant analysis to differentiate the obtained groups. The clustering process allowed identifying three and five different performance player profiles for Euroleague and national championships, respectively. The discriminant analysis identified differences in Euroleague playing profiles, particularly related to performers’ age and court-position. In national championships, this trend was not observed. Regardless of the competition, a relationship was perceived between players’ performance and minutes played; conversely, the players’ performance seems to not be affected by contextual variables. The current results provide evidence of different players’ profiles in elite basketball to coaches regarding the influence of player-related and contextual variables. Coaching staffs may account for this information for better management and understanding of their team composition when playing in different competitions.
Outcomes of the glove-gauze regimen for managing burn injuries of the hand
Authors: Vyrva Oleksandra , Smock Elliott , Pessa Joel , Thirkannad Sunil M.
Published: March 2020

We studied the efficacy of the glove-gauze regimen in treating superficial, partial-thickness and small full-thickness hand burns. Outcome measures included healing time, need for surgical intervention, need for formal physical therapy, restoration of range of motion, return to function and incidence of infection. All patients ( n = 123) successfully completed the regimen with an average healing time of 3.7 weeks. None required surgical debridement and seven (6%) required formal physical therapy. One hundred and eighteen patients (96%) regained full range of motion and 122 (99%) returned to their previous level of work. We believe that the glove-gauze regimen provides a simplified and effective means of managing hand burns. We conclude from our patients that the glove-gauze regimen is an effective treatment that can ensure uneventful healing of superficial, partial-thickness and small full-thickness burns. A majority of our patients healed with full range of motion and function without formal physical therapy.

Level of evidence: IV
A Comparative Study Between Concentric Single-Needle Puncture Technique and Conventional 2-Needle Technique for Temporomandibular Joint Arthrocentesis Plus Corticosteroid Injections
Authors: Kumar Amit , Gupta Amit , Ghosh Rajarshi , Pandey Rajeev , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the study was to compare 2 techniques of arthrocentesis, to find out the efficacy of one over the other at various parameters, and to contribute to the scarce literature of these 2 techniques. Forty patients reported with a chief complaint of pain in temporomandibular joint (TMJ), clicking in TMJ, and restricted mouth opening were included in this study. Twenty patients were divided into 2 groups, all reporting with temporomandibular disorders. Group A was treated with 2-needle technique of arthrocentesis, while group B underwent concentric needle technique of arthrocentesis under local anesthesia with Ringer’s lactate solution. The operating time was found to be less in concentric needle technique (mean: 25.36 minutes) compared to 2-needle technique (mean: 42.82 minutes), and the difference was found to be statistically significant. Concentric needle technique proved to be a better alternative for TMJ arthrocentesis as it has quite a lot of advantages over 2-needle technique.
Barrier Protection Measures for the Management of Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Xianzhen , Deng Chuntao , Mi Jiaoping , Chen Mo , Li Yanfei , Liu Zhigang , Feng Shaoyan
Published: March 2020

Background

Pharmacotherapy for allergic rhinitis (AR) still remains unsatisfying regarding its effect and safety. Barrier protection measures may be a good choice for the patients with AR.

Objective

To assess the efficacy and safety of barrier protection measures in the treatment of AR.

Methods

We selected relevant randomized controlled trials published between January 1, 1990, and February 20, 2019, by searching Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Knowledge, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The primary outcome for this analysis was rhinitis symptom scores, overall quality of life, nasal peak inspiratory flow (NPIF), and adverse events. Differences were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for continuous outcomes. Statistical heterogeneity across trials was assessed with the statistic ( P < .1) and the I2 statistic.

Results

Fifteen RCTs (with data for 1154 participants) satisfied our inclusion criteria. The types of barrier protection measures comprised cellulose, pollen blocker cream, microemulsion, and nasal filter. To reduce the potential risk of bias and heterogeneity, we carried out subgroup analysis according to different types of barrier protection measures (cellulose: WMD = –2.18, 95% CI, –3.01 to –1.35, P < .00001; pollen blocker cream: WMD = –4.55, 95% CI, –6.10 to –3.00, P < .00001; microemulsion: WMD = –0.22, 95% CI, –0.42 to –0.03, P = .03). Findings from our meta-analysis show that, compared with placebo, barrier protection measures can yield improved symptomatic control for AR, with no increase in adverse events. Furthermore, barrier protection measures can improve the quality of life and NPIF.

Conclusion

Although further studies are still needed, our findings clearly lend support to barrier protection measures as a safe and efficacious option for the treatment of AR patients.
‘Unchartered’ waters: fundamental rights, Brexit and the (re)constitution of the employment law hierarchy of norms
Authors: O’Connor Niall
Published: March 2020

The decision of the British people to leave the European Union (EU) raises foundational questions for many legal fields. The effects are especially likely to be felt within domestic employment law, which now has a strong basis in EU law. Of particular concern is the removal of the nascent EU fundamental employment rights influence over domestic legislation. Employment lawyers have long relied on fundamental rights as a means of preserving the autonomy of their subject from general private law. One manifestation of this turn to fundamental rights concepts has been the ‘constitutionalisation’ of employment rights. EU law, notably the Charter of Fundamental Rights, has become a key underpinning of this constitutionalisation process. This article considers the effects of the constitutionalisation in the United Kingdom employment sphere of some of the rights found in the Charter’s Solidarity Title, through its role in the emergence of a hierarchy of sources or ‘norms’ in the employment field. In order to address the question of the Charter’s influence on the hierarchy of sources in the employment context, three interrelated processes are examined. The article begins by exploring the ‘constitutionalisation’ process, by setting out the nature of the Charter and the effects of its employment rights on the hierarchy of sources. This is followed by a consideration of the ‘deconstitutionalisation’ process brought about by Brexit, before finally examining whether a potential ‘reconstitutionalisation’ process might be underway by looking at key terms of the EU (Withdrawal) Act 2018 and the potential to replicate the Charter in domestic law.
Faecal haemoglobin can define risk of colorectal neoplasia at surveillance colonoscopy in patients at increased risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Digby Jayne , Cleary Shirley , Gray Lynne , Datt Pooja , Goudie David R , Steele Robert J C , Strachan Judith A , Humphries Adam , Fraser Callum G , Mowat Craig
Published: March 2020

Background

Quantitative faecal immunochemical tests measure faecal haemoglobin concentration (f‐Hb), which increases in the presence of colorectal neoplasia.

Objective

We examined the diagnostic accuracy of faecal immunochemical test (FIT)in patients at increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) attending for surveillance colonoscopy as per national guidelines.

Methods

A total of 1103 consecutive patients were prospectively invited to complete a FIT before their scheduled colonoscopy in two university hospitals in 2014– 2016. F‐Hb was analysed on an OC‐Sensor io automated analyser (Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) with a limit of detection of 2 µg Hb/g faeces. The diagnostic accuracy of f‐Hb for CRC and higher‐risk adenoma was examined.

Results

A total of 643 patients returned a faecal test. After excluding 4 patients with known inflammatory bowel disease, 639 (57.9%) remained in the study: age range: 25–90 years (median: 64 years, interquartile range (IQR): 55–71): 54.6% male. Of 593 patients who also completed colonoscopy, 41 (6.9%) had advanced neoplasia (4 CRC, 37 higher‐risk adenoma). Of the 238 patients (40.1%) who had detectable f‐Hb, 31 (13.0%) had advanced neoplasia (2 CRC, 29 higher‐risk adenoma) compared with 10 (2.8%) in those with undetectable f‐Hb (2 CRC, 8 higher‐risk adenoma). Detectable f‐Hb gave negative predictive values of 99.4% for CRC and 97.2% for CRC plus higher‐risk adenoma.

Conclusion

In patients at increased risk of CRC under colonoscopy surveillance, a test measuring faecal haemoglobin can provide an objective estimate of the risk of advanced neoplasia, and could enable tailored scheduling of colonoscopy.
Agents of change: Understanding the therapeutic processes associated with the helpfulness of therapy for mental health problems with relational agent MYLO
Authors: Gaffney Hannah , Mansell Warren , Tai Sara
Published: March 2020

Objective

To understand the therapeutic processes associated with the helpfulness of an online relational agent intervention, Manage Your Life Online (MYLO).

Methods

Fifteen participants experiencing a mental health related problem used Manage Your Life Online for 2 weeks. At follow-up, the participants each identified two helpful and two unhelpful questions posed by Manage Your Life Online within a single intervention session. Qualitative interviews were conducted and analyzed using thematic and content analysis to gain insight into the process of therapy with Manage Your Life Online.

Results

MYLO appeared acceptable to participants with a range of presenting problems. Questions enabling free expression, increased awareness, and new insights were key to a helpful intervention. The findings were consistent with the core processes of therapeutic change, according to Perceptual Control Theory, a unifying theory of psychological distress. Questions that elicited intense emotions, were repetitive, confusing, or inappropriate were identified as unhelpful and were associated with disengagement or loss of faith in Manage Your Life Online.

Conclusions

The findings provide insight into the likely core therapy processes experienced as helpful or hindering and outlines further ways to optimize acceptability of Manage Your Life Online.
Influence of muscle fatigue on electromyogram–kinematic correlation during robot-assisted upper limb training
Authors: Poyil Azeemsha T , Steuber Volker , Amirabdollahian Farshid
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Studies on adaptive robot-assisted upper limb training interactions do not often consider the implications of muscle fatigue sufficiently.

Methods

To explore this, we initially assessed muscle fatigue in 10 healthy subjects using two electromyogram features, namely average power and median power frequency, during an assist-as-needed interaction with HapticMaster robot. Since robotic assistance resulted in a variable fatigue profile across participants, a completely tiring experiment, without a robot in the loop, was also designed to confirm the results.

Results

A significant increase in average power and a decrease in median frequency were observed in the most active muscles. Average power in the frequency band of 0.8–2.5 Hz and median frequency in the band of 20–450 Hz are potential fatigue indicators. Also, comparing the Spearman’s correlation coefficients (between the electromyogram average power and the kinematic force) across trials indicated that correlation was reduced as individual muscles were fatigued.

Conclusions

Confirming fatigue indicators, this study concludes that robotic assistance based on user’s performance resulted in lesser muscle fatigue, which caused an increase in electromyogram–force correlation. We now intend to utilise the electromyogram and kinematic features for auto-adaptation of therapeutic human–robot interactions.
Fostering Educational Resilience and Opportunities in Urban Schools Through Equity-Focused School–Family–Community Partnerships
Authors: Bryan Julia , Williams Joseph M. , Griffin Dana
Published: March 2020

Over the past two decades, research on urban schools has focused predominantly on achievement gaps. However, achievement gaps exist because of gaps in opportunities for urban, low-income, and racially/ethnically diverse students. Partnerships among schools, families, and communities can provide the enrichment opportunities, support, resources, and programs that students need to be educationally resilient despite adversity. School counselors are in a unique position to promote resilience through equity-focused school–family–community partnerships and parent/family–school compacts based on empowerment, democratic collaboration, social justice, and strengths-based principles. This article describes a step-by-step, equity-focused partnership model that school counselors can implement as part of their school counseling program.
Race, Gender, Class and Achievement: A Culturally Responsive Approach to Urban School Counseling
Authors: Foxx Sejal Parikh , Saunders Rachel , Lewis Chance W.
Published: March 2020

Ladson-Billings called upon educators to practice culturally responsive teaching. This pedagogy is grounded in the principle that students’ cultural references ought to be infused in all areas of teaching and learning. The premise of this pedagogy is that it provides students from all cultures with equity and access to education. In The Dreamkeepers, Ladson-Billings defined culturally responsive [practitioners] as possessing eight pillars. Using these eight characteristics as a foundation, we outline specific strategies school counselors can incorporate into comprehensive school counseling programs. The aim is for urban school counselors to respond to issues of race, gender, and class that may prevent opportunity and access to academic achievement.
School Counselors and the School Leadership Team
Authors: Geiger Sarah N. , Oehrtman J. P.
Published: March 2020

A school leadership team is an opportunity for school counselors to demonstrate their capacity as school leaders and implement their training in using data to identify evidence-based interventions and evaluate the effectiveness of chosen interventions. We share a case study of how we utilized a school leadership team to better meet the needs of students via the development and implementation of the Stress Management and Resiliency Training Lab (SMART Lab) as a K–12 multi-tiered system of support. Use of the evidence-based school counseling model for systematic evaluation revealed that the SMART Lab intervention contributed to improvements in students’ behavior, attendance, and grades.
School Counselors Talk Program Evaluation in a Class-Based Qualitative Research Project
Authors: Kiper Riechel Morgan E. , Beasley Jordon J. , Howard Ebony , Culbertson Kelly
Published: March 2020

Students in a master’s-level graduate course in school counseling program evaluation conducted a qualitative research study to investigate school counselors’ experiences with evidence-based program delivery and evaluation. We discuss the study’s findings that illuminated themes of challenges faced by school counselors with implications for evidence-based practice. The abbreviated methodology used in this study showed promise for school counselors in the field to conduct qualitative action research that may demonstrate adequate trustworthiness and credibility.
Teaching School Counselors to Use Evidence-Based Practice to Advance Social Justice: A Case Study
Authors: Novakovic Alexandra , Michel Rebecca E. , Ockerman Melissa S.
Published: March 2020

School counselors are called to advocate for social justice in education and use evidence-based practice (EBP) to meet the diverse needs of students in schools today. This conceptual article describes the approach of one Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP)–accredited counselor education program to train future school counselors to use EBP to advocate for social justice and improve equity and access in education. We provide a case study regarding specific curricular changes to meet this imperative and offer recommendations for future research.