bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conservação Ambiental
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto Oceanográfico, Llonch Brenda Gulfier Sanchez , Todam Agatha ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto Oceanográfico, Oliveira Bianca Barbosa de ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto Oceanográfico, Panho João Pedro Alonso ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto Oceanográfico, Brito Maithê Kapor de ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto Oceanográfico, Moreira Priscila Saviolo ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto Oceanográfico, Signori Camila Negrão ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto Oceanográfico
Published: August 2023

Este livro é um produto do projeto EAMar, produzido no ano de 2021 por alunos de graduação do curso de Bacharelado em Oceanografia, do Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo e tem por finalidade oferecer material didático como suporte para professores e alunos participantes do projeto. É o quarto livro da série "Educação Ambiental Marinha" e o conteúdo, aqui presente, traz uma introdução ao estudo do oceano e à ciência oceanográfica e tem como principal objetivo disseminar os princípios da cultura oceânica, contribuindo, dessa forma, com a Década do Oceano. O projeto é direcionado a alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Médio das escolas públicas de Ubatuba e, através da capacitação de professores como mediadores do conhecimento, busca o desenvolvimento do protagonismo de todos os envolvidos nas questões ambientais relacionadas ao oceano e, principalmente, desses alunos, como jovens cientistas.
Conduzir e conformar: o que a escola faz ao instituir práticas de moralização? Pensar a educação moral no Brasil com Émile Durkheim
Authors: Silva Katiene Nogueira da
Published: August 2023

Este artigo buscará discutir o que faz a escola ao instituir práticas de moralização neste espaço. O emprego do termo “moralização” utilizado aqui é entendido como a moral que visa a ser praticada, inserida no comportamento das pessoas. Não há como pensar na moral inserida no sistema de ensino sem levar em consideração a sua importância na crença de que uma população bem educada e moralizada garantiria o bom funcionamento da vida social. Esta visão, bastante difundida na literatura pedagógica e nos discursos evocados no campo educacional, é inicialmente trazida pela influência do catolicismo e dos jesuítas na educação nacional, depois é fortalecida pelos ideais republicanos que tomam a educação como um dos pilares da organização nacional e em seguida ecoam a teoria do francês Émile Durkheim.
A educação no pensamento conservador-autoritário brasileiro das primeiras décadas do século XX: um exame do “intérprete do Brasil” Alberto Torres
Authors: Menezes Roni C. D. de
Published: August 2023

Esta proposta de estudo busca historiar a emergência da modalidade de um discurso e de um projeto de intervenção gestados no interior de um campo simultaneamente conservador e autoritário que se desenha no Brasil a partir da década de 1910, privilegiando, nesse movimento, os diagnósticos e propostas relacionados à esfera educacional. Tal emergência é indissociada da produção escriturária do jurista, jornalista, político e pensador social fluminense Alberto Torres, priorizando as décadas de 1900 e 1910. Para a operacionalização do intento, além da revisão dos traços distintivos de seus postulados autoritário- -conservadores face à tradição liberal então dominante no pensamento social brasileiro, propõe-se um exame da articulação dos assuntos educacionais em seu programa de modernização da sociedade nacional.
Fora do lugar : por uma compreensão do sofrimento na escola
Authors: Silva Vivian Batista da
Published: August 2023

Tomando como ponto de partida as memórias de Edward Said, este artigo destaca seu potencial explicativo sobretudo à luz do que a didática e os estudos sobre a formação de professores produzem para compreender sentimentos vividos no cotidiano da escola. A narrativa interessa pelas descrições do que foi vivido pelo autor em seus tempos de aluno, quando experimentou rupturas, exclusões, frustrações, inseguranças e medos, sentimentos muitas vezes relacionados ao estar fora do lugar. São memórias instigantes porque se misturam a contextos históricos e desvendam processos de dominação, que podem acontecer entre estudantes e professores de uma escola, mesmo partilhando fisicamente o mesmo espaço, ao mesmo tempo. Reflexões como essas são fundamentais ao campo educacional, do ensino e da formação de professores porque permitem apreender os múltiplos sentidos do que se aprende na escola.
Entre objetos, práticas e instituições: aprendizados sobre a vida e a cultura escolar
Authors: Cândido Renata Marcílio
Published: August 2023

O que se estuda na escola e sobre ela? Como estudá-la? Quais conceitos podem nos ajudar a pensar seus elementos, suas características e modos de funcionamento? Neste artigo os conceitos de cultura e forma escolar assumem o eixo organizador das reflexões e possíveis respostas para as questões formuladas. A partir de pesquisas desenvolvidas na Faculdade de Educação da USP e na Unifesp, destaca-se a tenacidade dos conceitos e as formas pelas quais eles se complementam em um movimento fértil para a compreensão da escola, da profissão e da carreira docente. Do mesmo modo, os conceitos podem ser retomados para pensar as escolas nos dias atuais, especialmente no período após a pandemia.
Sobre o que versa a vida na escola? Considerações sobre as experiências culturais a partir de Winnicott
Authors: Lima Ana Laura Godinho
Published: August 2023

O texto apresenta um conjunto de reflexões sobre a vida na escola, recorrendo às contribuições de Donald W. Winnicott sobre o ambiente e as experiências culturais, concentrando- -se no acontecimento da aula. A partir de alguns escritos desse autor, reflete-se sobre a sala de aula como um ambiente que pode ser ou não propício às experiências culturais. Sustenta-se que essa possibilidade depende de se criar condições favoráveis ao surgimento do que Winnicott designa como espaço potencial, que corresponde a uma região intermediária entre o mundo subjetivo e o mundo objetivamente percebido. Considera- -se a possibilidade de criação na aula de um ambiente favorável às experiências culturais como transicionais, ou seja, experiências que simultaneamente nos unem e nos separam dos outros e do mundo compartilhado.
Revisitando a "Introdução à Teoria da Ciência", de Chikara Sasaki
Authors: Sedlacek Guilherme Babo
Published: August 2023

Resenha do livro de Chikara Sasaki, destacando sua atualidade e relevância, apesar da pequena repercussão da tradução para a língua portuguesa. A exposição destaca em primeiro lugar os diferentes conceitos e concepções sobre a natureza da ciência e da tecnologia - como "ciência concreta", "ciência clássica", "ciência moderna", "ciência tecnológica" e "tecnologia científica". Nesse sentido, é destacado o fundo ideológico das políticas de desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico. Além disso, é analisada a concepção de "ciência não-ocidental" e seus modelos, a matemática japonesa (wasan) e a medicina chinesa tradicional, ilustrando aspectos da história da ciência no Japão. Por, fim, são discutidos os dilemas da ciência moderna em finais do século XX, com ênfase nos aspectos ecológicos, humanos e sociais.
As “Officinas de Optica e de Instrumentos Scientificos” de José Hermida Pazos e o Telescópio Equatorial do Observatório do Valongo
Authors: Campos José Adolfo Snajdauf de
Published: August 2023

O Observatório do Valongo possui em seu acervo um telescópio de valor histórico, instalado em seu campus: um pequeno refrator com 11,5 cm de abertura, chamado de telescópio “Pazos”, que se acredita feito em 1880 e cuja construção é atribuída às “Oficinas” de José Hermida Pazos.  Ele seria o primeiro e único telescópio de montagem equatorial com mecanismo de acompanhamento feito no Brasil no século XIX. O artigo visa a contribuir para a preservação da memória institucional e apresenta os resultados da investigação feita para responder às questões sobre o telescópio: quem comprou, quando e por quê; e se as “Oficinas” de José Hermida Pazos foram realmente responsáveis pela sua construção.
Fracture Risk Increases After Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack and Is Associated With Reduced Quality of Life
Authors: Dalli Lachlan L. , Borschmann Karen , Cooke Shae , Kilkenny Monique F. , Andrew Nadine E. , Scott David , Ebeling Peter R. , Lannin Natasha A. , Grimley Rohan , Sundararajan Vijaya , Katzenellenbogen Judith M. , Cadilhac Dominique A. ,   on behalf of the Stroke123 Investigators, Anderson Craig , Donnan Geoffrey , Levi Christopher , Thrift Amanda , Middleton Sandy , Faux Steven , Denisenko Sonia , Dewey Helen , Godecke Erin , Katzenellenbogen Judy , Lalor Erin , Lee Andrew , Longworth Mark , Cadigan Greg , Dilworth Cindy , Price Chris , Hill Kelvin , Page Matthew , Egan Jen , Grabsch Brenda , Kung Francis , Moss Karen , Street Steven , Tod Emma , Gibbs Adele , Purvis Tara , Reyneke Megan
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Fractures are a serious consequence following stroke, but it is unclear how these events influence health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We aimed to compare annualized rates of fractures before and after stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), identify associated factors, and examine the relationship with HRQoL after stroke/TIA.

METHODS:

Retrospective cohort study using data from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry (2009–2013) linked with hospital administrative and mortality data. Rates of fractures were assessed in the 1-year period before and after stroke/TIA. Negative binomial regression, with censoring at death, was used to identify factors associated with fractures after stroke/TIA. Respondents provided HRQoL data once between 90 and 180 days after stroke/TIA using the EuroQoL 5-dimensional 3-level instrument. Adjusted logistic regression was used to assess differences in HRQoL at 90 to 180 days by previous fracture.

RESULTS:

Among 13 594 adult survivors of stroke/TIA (49.7% aged ≥75 years, 45.5% female, 47.9% unable to walk on admission), 618 fractures occurred in the year before stroke/TIA (45 fractures per 1000 person-years) compared with 888 fractures in the year after stroke/TIA (74 fractures per 1000 person-years). This represented a relative increase of 63% (95% CI, 47%–80%). Factors associated with poststroke fractures included being female (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.34 [95% CI, 1.05–1.72]), increased age (per 10-year increase, IRR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.21–1.50]), history of prior fracture(s; IRR, 2.56 [95% CI, 1.77–3.70]), and higher Charlson Comorbidity Scores (per 1-point increase, IRR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.10–1.27]). Receipt of stroke unit care was associated with fewer poststroke fractures (IRR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.49–0.93]). HRQoL at 90 to 180 days was worse among patients with prior fracture across the domains of mobility, self-care, usual activities, and pain/discomfort.

CONCLUSIONS:

Fracture risk increases substantially after stroke/TIA, and a history of these events is associated with poorer HRQoL at 90 to 180 days after stroke/TIA.
Transnational Governing at the Climate–Biodiversity Frontier: Employing a Governmentality Perspective
Authors: Fransen Anouk , Bulkeley Harriet
Published: August 2023

Transnational governance initiatives (TGIs) are increasingly recognized as central actors in the governing of climate change and biodiversity loss. Yet, their role in linking these domains has yet to be explored. As the climate crisis comes to be increasingly interlinked with the loss of biodiversity, such initiatives are increasingly combining this challenge of climate change with action on biodiversity loss through the deployment of nature-based solutions, with significant consequences for the ways in which the nature problem and its solutions are framed and implemented. Employing a governmentality approach, this research reveals two overarching rationales by TGIs of biodiversity as a means to climate change and “asset-at-risk” that are rendered governable through myriad techniques “at a distance” and “in proximity.” By revealing how biodiversity is made to fit with the climate arena, this research finds that these governable biodiversity spaces could generate rather regrettable solutions along these shifting and unfolding climate–biodiversity frontiers.
Valuing Nature to Save It? The Centrality of Valuation in the New Spirit of Conservation
Authors: Maechler Sylvain , Boisvert Valérie
Published: August 2023

For thirty years, advocates of the economic valuation of nature have been claiming that it contributes to making the ecological crisis more tangible. The valuation framing fosters a shared vision of nature as capital amenable to management and protection. Yet, this approach has scarcely been applied in practice and has therefore not yielded tangible conservation outcomes. Why is economic valuation of nature consistently presented as a panacea in the absence of the slightest evidence to that effect? Beyond conventional answers—policy path dependency, alignment with the dominant balance of power—we propose to analyze the centrality of nature valuation in conservation discourses using the notion of valuation-centrism forged from Gibson-Graham’s capitalocentrism. By valuation-centrism, we mean a system of discourse and knowledge that subverts all exit strategies from the ecological crisis into valuation practices, that reinforces hegemonic capitalist representations of nature, and that thwarts the imagining of “other natures.”
Exploring the phylogenetic signal in the cranial variation of European populations of grayling (Actinopterygii, Salmonidae)
Authors: Jojić Vida , Bajić Aleksandar , Barišić Klisarić Nataša , Bugarski-Stanojević Vanja , Snoj Aleš , Miljanović Branko , Askeyev Oleg , Askeyev Igor , Marić Saša
Published: August 2023

This is a preliminary and exploratory study of cranial variation in European populations of grayling. We investigated the correspondence between size/shape variation of the dorsal (dc), ventral (vc) and occipital (oc) cranium and phylogenetic relationships (inferred from mitochondrial control region – mtDNA cr and microsatellite dna data) of six grayling populations: three from Balkan phylogenetic clade and two from Caspian phylogenetic clade of the European grayling Thymallus thymallus and one population of the Adriatic grayling Thymallus aeliani, which until recently was considered the Adriatic phylogenetic clade of T. thymallus. Significant size and shape differences were found between populations in all three cranial views. However, significant size-related shape variation (allometry) was found for dc and vc, but not for oc. The size variation of each cranial view does not contain phylogenetic signal, but size variation of oc is consistent with genetic variation inferred from microsatellite dna. Regarding shape variation, a significant phylogenetic signal was detected only for oc, and only the shape variation of oc is consistent with the genetic variation inferred from the mtDNA cr. Moreover, the Adriatic grayling T. aeliani (Soča population) was clearly separated from the three T. thymallus populations of the Balkan phylogenetic clade and the two T. thymallus populations of the Caspian phylogenetic clade only at the level of oc. Thus, our results suggest that different cranial regions differ in allometry, reflect phylo(genetic) relationships differently, and exhibit differences in ecophenotypic plasticity, with oc seeming best suited to represent the phylogenetic relationships of the grayling populations studied.
Le féminisme et son trouble
Authors: Decousu Cécile
Published: August 2023

Le sexe a été théoriquement et discursivement institué comme binarité biologique et invariant anthropologique, fondements de relations nécessaires. Extrapolé des corps, le « savoir du sexe » les réintègre en normativité – et donc en possibles pathologies de la sexualité. De Beauvoir à Butler, c’est à l’interstice de ces intrications qu’agit le féminisme, en venant les troubler. C’est alors une herméneutique du trouble que cet article tente de retracer, et que l’écriture de Violette Leduc vient incarner.
Le Théâtre existentialiste
Authors: de Beauvoir Simone
Published: August 2023

Dans cette transcription d’un enregistrement audio fait en 1947, Simone de Beauvoir définit le fond philosophique et la forme esthétique du théâtre existentialiste pour le public américain. Elle présente les deux dramaturges les plus importants de ce mouvement, Jean-Paul Sartre et Albert Camus, ainsi que les thèmes principaux et le contexte mythologique de leurs premières œuvres théâtrales : pour Sartre, Les Mouches et Huis clos ; pour Camus, Caligula. Beauvoir souligne au terme de ce survol le message optimiste de ces pièces, surtout pour le public d’après-guerre en France et aux États-Unis.
Editor’s Introduction / Présentation du numéro
Authors: Bouliane Claudia
Published: August 2023

Cet article qui présente le numéro 1 du volume 33 réfléchit à la pratique d’écrivaine de Simone de Beauvoir, tant en ce qui touche ses essais philosophiques que ses œuvres littéraires. Tous sesécrits font entendre une voix qui cherche perpétuellement à entrer en dialogue avec autrui, que ce soit ses prédécesseurs, ses contemporains ou son lectorat présent et à venir. À partir du concept du dialogisme forgé par Mikhaïl Bakhtine, des traits stylistiques proprement beauvoiriens sont mis en lumière.
Judith N. Shklar’s Skeptical Liberalism and the Specter of Conservatism
Authors: Trimҫev Rieke
Published: August 2023

How conservative is Judith Shklar’s skeptical liberalism? One interpretation views her “barebones” or “survivalist” approach as representative of a conservative liberalism typical of the Cold War era. Another interpretation stresses the progressive and even radical nature of her thought, with Shklar’s self-ascribed skepticism central to both strands. This paper analyzes Shklar’s writings between 1955 and the mid-1960s. It argues that the critical engagement with conservative liberalism indeed shaped Shklar’s skeptical political theory, especially in her first monograph After Utopia. It compares After Utopia, first, to Shklar’s doctoral thesis Fate and Futility, and second, to the so-called end-of-ideology debate. This double comparison carves out the reasons for the liberalism of fear’s resonance with conservative thought patterns, but also helps to better estimate Shklar’s distance from conservative liberalism. Finally, the paper questions the impression of a conservative turn from After Utopia to Legalism which recent interpreters have suggested.
Board Leadership Structure and Firm Performance: Moderating Effects of Board Independence
Authors: Arora Akshita
Published: August 2023

Our study examines the impact of dual leadership on the company’s performance. We also investigate the moderating effects of board independence on duality and firm-performance relationship. The article uses a panel data framework, and the estimation has been carried out using system-generalized methods of moments. The results of our study postulate that dual leadership negatively influences firm performance; however, when the moderator, board independence, is introduced in the empirical model, it affects firm performance positively. We submit that the extensive and complete abolition of CEO duality by Indian regulators may require caution for Indian markets.

JEL Codes: G34, L25, C33
Pakistan in 2023: On the Brink of a Full-Blown Crisis
Authors: Rahman Saif Ur , Jan Qasim
Published: August 2023

Pakistan continues to face multiple sources of internal and external conflicts. Its all-powerful military is engaged in a subterranean battle to maintain its power. Economically, the country persisted in troubled waters as it has been for most of its recent history. In domestic politics, the failed experiment of a hybrid regime under Ex-Prime Minister Imran Khan forced the military to part ways with Mr Khan and install a coalition government of 13 political parties through a no-confidence vote in parliament in April 2022. Mr Khan’s political party is facing a severe crackdown in Pakistan after he accused the powerful military of his ouster from power. At the regional level, a favourable outcome in Afghanistan in the shape of the Taliban’s takeover has not yielded any significant positive results for Pakistan. After concluding the Afghan conflict on a favourable note, paradoxically, the military establishment hints at a desire to shift away from geo-security to geo-economics in its foreign policy goals. At the extra-regional level, the military is walking a tightrope to balance its ties between the USA and China to offset any adverse consequences arising from its strategic partnerships with China over China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). In this article, we explain a series of issues confronting Pakistan currently—including a deep economic crisis, political paralysis, and a resurgent terror threat—focusing on the military’s ambitions in the region and beyond.
Counter-archives as heritage justice: photography, invisible labor and peopled ruins
Authors: Brusius Mirjam , Rico Trinidad
Published: August 2023

This article critically engages with photographs, the institutions that archive and curate them, and the uses to which they are put in the work of heritage preservation, with particular attention paid to the ways in which these have been mobilized in Middle Eastern heritage debates. Photographs, often depicting uninhabited rather than populated heritage landscapes, in effect weaponize heritage preservation, ignoring the fact that individuals and communities have always had their own ways of preserving and engaging with the material past. The authors therefore seek to reconsider the disciplinary genealogies embedded in a photographic archive shaped by instruments of Western ideology and power – archaeological fieldwork, surveys and museum-building – to question the uncritical use of photography for the assessment of heritage significance, the construction of heritage value and management of heritage assemblages today. They argue that identifying and creating counter-archives is necessary to contribute to more inclusive narratives fostering heritage justice, including a deeper engagement with archaeology’s long-standing entanglements with exploitative labour.
Bullet-titling in twenty-first century China: bullet-like tactility, soft touch and diachronic simultaneity
Authors: Chen Jianqing
Published: August 2023

This article studies the popular bullet-titling practice in contemporary China – typing and sending a layer of horizontally scrolling comments superimposed onto moving images. It first explicates bullet-titling practice as a retaliatory action against the tactile effects of moving images, reconceptualizing cinema’s tactile quality and recovering its association with bullet-like intensity through the notion of tacti(ca)lity. Tracing the changed perception of touch in relation to the emergence of the touchscreen interface, the author then delineates the transformation of bullet-titles from offensive weapons against the optical attacks of moving images to a venue for real-time conversation and communication among spectator-cum-bullet-titlers. The article ends with a discussion of bullet-titles’ construction of pseudo-real time, which constitutes a viewing community of ‘diachronic simultaneity’ that assimilates all temporally and geographically dispersed spectators into the unfolding ‘now’ of video playback. This ‘nowness’ reconciles contemporary media consumption’s contradictory demands for globalized simultaneity and individualized flexibility, obliterating us anew.
Black Vibrations: Techno as Queer Insurrectionist Sonics
Authors: Riley David , Brown DeForrest , moore madison , Weheliye Alexander Ghedi
Published: August 2023

This conversation is excerpted from a panel which followed Black Vibrations, a performance by DeForrest Brown Jr. and madison moore at the Institute for Contemporary Art at VCU (ICA at VCU, Richmond, Virginia) on 25 March 2022. Black Vibrations was the first of the ICA’s Test Pattern series, inspired by the legacy of visionary public-access TV programs and alternative video movements in the US. The series invites artists to turn the ICA auditorium into an experimental production studio for week-long residencies, during which they collaborate with members of the local community to create a live performance and internet broadcast. Black Vibrations considered the history of Detroit techno, and the potential of ‘vibrational technologies’ as an instrument and a weapon. madison moore presented a DJ set as a performative lecture, while Deforrest Brown Jr. performed live using tablets and other haptic technology, building upon his work as a cultural theorist and his musical output under the moniker Speaker Music.

The performance transformed the ICA’s auditorium into a club environment, complete with subwoofers, dancefloor, hazers, and flashing lights. Video projections pulled from the archives of the Detroit Historical Society – b-roll of assembly lines, auto trades shows, and early ‘80s computer classes – as well as late-night footage from WGPR Detroit, America’s first Black-owned TV station, which helped to launch techno with the popular programs The Scene and The New Dance Show. Following the performance, DeForrest and madison were joined by scholar Alexander Ghedi Weheliye for a discussion about techno: its Black and working class origins, its connection to Queer dance music innovators, and the connection between protest and the dancefloor.
The Secularization of Knowledge in the Age of Reformation
Authors: Trivedi Chetna
Published: August 2023

This article argues that the process of secularization of knowledge is essentially related and derived in complex and unintended ways from the doctrinal disagreements of the reformation era. The doctrinal disagreements were dual, between the Christian belief systems and between the monastic, scholastic and humanist movements. These disagreements in many forms also existed in the Islamic intellectual traditions in which the period of the three movements differed from that of Christianity. Conversations between various intellectual movements shall facilitate us in understanding the character of Christendom’s vibrant, varied and sometimes contentious intellectual culture during the reformation, with its monastic, scholastic, scientific and humanistic strands. This will, in turn, enable us to see how this culture and its institutional settings were affected by the reformation. The article will also discuss the contrasting claims of Islamic knowledge tradition on the secularization of knowledge through the development of intellectual movements of scholasticism and humanism in Islam. A significant part of the argument is that the secularization of knowledge in the West was not an inevitable product of the enlightenment. It was rather more of a contingent process derived from the interaction between people, institutions, assumptions, metaphysical belief systems, the exercise of power and human desires. This work has primarily referred to the secondary literature to draw historical inferences, debates and departures in intellectual movements of reformation times, to understand the process of secularization of knowledge.
Ecologization of the Course of Organic Chemistry, Forming Ecological Knowledge and Education
Authors: Trenova Arailym , Seitzhanov Azimkhan , Kosobaeva Bakdolot , Imangaliyeva Bazarkhan
Published: August 2023

The relevance of the research in this article is conditioned upon the problems of introducing environment-oriented education in the field of chemical discipline for the development of an important component of the information part of this science among students, based on its application in the framework of restoration and conservation of ecology. The purpose of the article is to develop a model of ecologization of the organic chemistry course for the development of knowledge in the discipline with the establishment of ecological culture. The leading method to study this problem is a combination of the Schwartz value questionnaire to determine the level of personal manifestations in the field of various behavioural reactions and decision-making, based on value motivational aspirations, which will affect social life and many of its components. The article presents the developed model of ecologization of the course of study within the framework of organic chemistry, which allows students to form an ecological culture and present the information part in the form of special knowledge based on the selective structure, which carries the factor of restoration and preservation of ecology.
More intensive therapy has a better effect for frail parents with multiple myeloma
Authors: DuMontier Clark , La Jennifer , Bihn John , Corrigan June , Yildirim Cenk , Dharne Mayuri , Hassan Hamza , Yellapragada Sarvari , Abel Gregory A. , Gaziano J Michael , Do Nhan V. , Brophy Mary , Kim Dae H. , Munshi Nikhil C. , Fillmore Nathanael R. , Driver Jane A.
Published: August 2023

Although randomized controlled trial data suggest that the more intensive triplet bortezomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (VRd) is superior to the less intensive doublet lenalidomide-dexamethasone (Rd) in patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM), guidelines have historically recommended Rd over VRd for patients who are frail and may not tolerate a triplet. We identified 2573 patients (median age, 69.7 years) newly diagnosed with MM who were initiated on VRd (990) or Rd (1583) in the national US Veterans Affairs health care System from 2004 to 2020. We measured frailty using the Veterans Affairs Frailty Index. To reduce imbalance in confounding, we matched patients for MM stage and 1:1 based on a propensity score. Patients who were moderate-severely frail had a higher prevalence of stage III MM and myeloma-related frailty deficits than patients who were not frail. VRd vs Rd was associated with lower mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70-0.94) in the overall matched population. Patients who were moderate-severely frail demonstrated the strongest association (HR 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56-0.97), whereas the association weakened in those who were mildly frail (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.61-1.05) and nonfrail (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.67-1.10). VRd vs Rd was associated with a modestly higher incidence of hospitalizations in the overall population, but this association weakened in patients who were moderate-severely frail. Our findings confirm the benefit of VRd over Rd in US veterans and further suggest that this benefit is strongest in patients with the highest levels of frailty, arguing that more intensive treatment of myeloma may be more effective treatment of frailty itself.
The impact of poor housing and indoor air quality on respiratory health in children
Authors: Holden Karl A. , Lee Alice R. , Hawcutt Daniel B. , Sinha Ian P.
Published: August 2023

It is becoming increasingly apparent that poor housing quality affects indoor air quality, significantly impacting on respiratory health in children and young people. Exposure to damp and/or mould in the home, cold homes and the presence of pests and pollutants all have a significant detrimental impact on child respiratory health. There is a complex relationship between features of poor-quality housing, such as being in a state of disrepair, poor ventilation, overcrowding and being cold, that favour an environment resulting in poor indoor air quality. Children living in rented (private or public) housing are more likely to come from lower-income backgrounds and are most at risk of living in substandard housing posing a serious threat to respiratory health. Children have the right to safe and adequate housing, and research has shown that either rehousing or making modifications to poor-quality housing to improve indoor air quality results in improved respiratory health. Urgent action is needed to address this threat to health. All stakeholders should understand the relationship between poor-quality housing and respiratory health in children and act, working with families, to redress this modifiable risk factor.

Educational aims

The reader should understand how housing quality and indoor air quality affect respiratory health in children.

The reader should understand which children are at most risk of living in poor-quality housing.

The reader should understand what policy recommendations have been made and what actions need to be undertaken to improve housing quality and respiratory health in children and young people.
Direct-Ink-Writing Printed Strain Rosette Sensor Array with Optimized Circuit Layout
Authors: Yu Peishi , Qi Lixin , Guo Zhiyang , Liu Yu , Zhao Junhua
Published: August 2023

The full-field multiaxial strain measurement is highly desired for application of structural monitoring but still challenging, especially when the manufacturing and assembling for large-area sensing devices is quite difficult. Compared with the traditional procedure of gluing commercial strain gauges on the structure surfaces for strain monitoring, the recently developed Direct-Ink-Writing (DIW) technology provides a feasible way to directly print sensors on the structure. However, there are still crucial issues in the design and printing strategies to be probed and improved. Therefore, in this work, we propose an integrated strategy from layered circuit scheme to rapid manufacturing of strain rosette sensor array based on the DIW technology. Benefit from the innovative design with simplified circuit layout and the advantages of DIW for printing multilayer structures, here we achieve optimization design principle for strain rosette sensor array with scalable circuit layout, which enable a hierarchical printing strategy for multiaxial strain monitoring in large scale or multiple domains. The strategy is highly expected to adapt for the emerging requirement in various applications such as integrated soft electronics, nondestructive testing and small-batch medical devices.
Mapping of major QTL and candidate gene analysis for hull colour in foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.)
Authors: Guo Shuqing , Chai Shaohua , Guo Yan , Shi Xing , Han Fei , Qu Ting , Xing Lu , Yang Qinghua , Gao Jinfeng , Gao Xiaoli , Feng Baili , Song Hui , Yang Pu
Published: August 2023

Background

Hull colour is an important morphological marker for selection in seed production of foxtail millet. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying hull colour variation remain unknown.

Results

An F7 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population containing 215 lines derived from Hongjiugu × Yugu18 was used to analyze inheritance and detect the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for four hull colour traits using major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance analysis and composite interval mapping (CIM) in four environments. Genetic analysis revealed that the hull colour L* value (HCL*) was controlled by two major genes plus additive polygenes, the hull colour a* value (HCa*) was controlled by three major genes, the hull colour b* value (HCb*) was controlled by two major genes plus polygenes, and the hull colour C* value (HCC*) was controlled by four major genes. A high-density genetic linkage map covering 1227.383 cM of the foxtail millet genome, with an average interval of 0.879 cM between adjacent bin markers, was constructed using 1420 bin markers. Based on the genetic linkage map and the phenotypic data, a total of 39 QTL were detected for these four hull colour traits across four environments, each explaining 1.50%–49.20% of the phenotypic variation. Of these, six environmentally stable major QTL were co-localized to regions on chromosomes 1 and 9, playing a major role in hull colour. There were 556 annotated genes within the two QTL regions. Based on the functions of homologous genes in Arabidopsis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) gene annotations, five genes were predicted as candidate genes for further studies.

Conclusions

This is the first study to use an inheritance model and QTL mapping to determine the genetic mechanisms of hull colour trait in foxtail millet. We identified six major environmentally stable QTL and predicted five potential candidate genes to be associated with hull colour. These results advance the current understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying hull colour traits in foxtail millet and provide additional resources for application in genomics-assisted breeding and potential isolation and functional characterization of the candidate genes.
The frequency of adherence, biofilm-associated, Arginine Catabolic Mobile element genes, and biofilm formation in clinical and healthcare worker coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates
Authors: Kalantar-Neyestanaki Davood , Mansouri Shahla , Tadjrobehkar Omid , Isaei Elham
Published: August 2023

Background

Healthcare workers may pave the way for increased infections in hospitalized patients by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). Biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance are the major problems posed by CoNS in nosocomial infections. In this study, we determined biofilm production level and the distribution of biofilm-associated and virulence genes, including icaADBC, aap, bhp, atlE, embp, and fbe, as well as IS256, IS257, mecA, and ACME clusters (arc-A, opp-3AB) among 114 clinical (n = 57) and healthcare workers (n = 57) CoNS isolates in Kerman, Iran.

Results

In this study, more than 80% (n = 96) of isolates were methicillin-resistant CoNS (MR-CoNS). Out of 114 isolates, 33% (n = 38) were strong biofilm producers. Strong biofilm formation was found to be significantly different between clinical and healthcare workers’ isolates (P < 0.050). In addition, 28% (n = 32) of isolates were positive for icaADBC simultaneously, and all were strong biofilm producers. The prevalence of icaADBC, mecA, bhp, fbe, and IS256 in clinical isolates was higher than that in healthcare workers’ isolates (P < 0.050). A significant relationship was observed between clinical isolates and the presence of icaADBC, mecA, bhp, and IS256. Although these elements were detected in healthcare workers’ isolates, they were more frequent in clinical isolates compared to those of healthcare workers.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of ACME clusters in healthcare workers’ isolates and biofilm formation of these isolates partially confirms the bacterial colonization in the skin of healthcare workers. Isolating MR-CoNS from healthcare workers’ skin through similar genetic elements to clinical isolates, such as icaADBC, mecA, and IS256, calls for appropriate strategies to control and prevent hospital infections.
Effect of intravenous induction with different doses of Esketamine combined with propofol and sufentanil on intraocular pressure among pediatric strabismus surgery: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Luo Jun , Yin Kuoqi , Zhao Dinghuan , Zhang Zhao , Sun Ruiqiang
Published: August 2023

Background

It is well-established that maintaining stable intraocular pressure (IOP) within the normal range during ophthalmic surgery is important. Esketamine is a commonly used drug in pediatric general anesthesia due to its good analgesic and sedative effects. However, its application in ophthalmic surgery is limited because it can increase IOP. The effect of esketamine combined with other common anesthetics on IOP has been underinvestigated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different doses of esketamine combined with propofol and sufentanil on IOP during intravenous induction of general anesthesia for pediatric strabismus surgery.

Methods

A total of 181 children with strabismus undergoing unilateral eye surgery under general anesthesia were recruited. Intravenous induction included the use of sufentanil 0.1 µg/kg, propofol 3 mg/kg, and esketamine. Base on the dosage of esketamine, the patients were randomly allocated into three groups: esketamine low (EL) group with 0.25 mg/kg (n = 62), esketamine high (EH) group with 0.5 mg/kg (n = 60), and normal saline (NS) group (n = 59). Hemodynamic parameters, respiratory parameters, and IOP of the non-surgical eye were recorded and compared among the three groups at different time points: before induction (T0), 1 min after induction but before laryngeal mask insertion (T1), immediately after laryngeal mask insertion (T2), and 2 min after laryngeal mask insertion (T3).

Results

There were no significant differences in age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and respiratory parameters among the three groups at T0. The IOP at T1, T2, and T3 was lower than that at T0 in all three groups. The EH group (12.6 ± 1.6 mmHg) had a significantly higher IOP than the EL group (12.0 ± 1.6 mmHg) and the NS group (11.6 ± 1.7 mmHg) at T1. However, no difference was found between the EL and NS groups at any time point. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) at T1, T2, and T3 were lower than at baseline, and SBP and HR were higher at T2 than at T1. Additionally, the EH group had a significantly higher HR at T1 than the other two groups. There was no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) among the three groups at any time point.

Conclusion

Propofol combined with sufentanil significantly decreased IOP during the induction of general anesthesia. Although a dose of 0.5 mg/kg esketamine elevated IOP compared to the low-dose and control groups after induction, the IOP remained lower than baseline. 0.25 mg/kg esketamine combined with propofol and sufentanil had little effect on IOP. Therefore, we advocate that a maximum dose of 0.5 mg/kg esketamine combined with propofol and sufentanil will not elevate IOP compared to baseline in pediatric strabismus surgery.

Trial registration

The registration number is ChiCTR2200066586 at Chictr.org.cn. Registry on 09/12/2022.
Design and methodology of the SARCopenia trajectories and associations with adverse clinical outcomes in patients on HemoDialysis: the SARC-HD study
Authors: Duarte Marvery P. , Pereira Marina S. , Baião Victor M. , Vieira Fábio A. , Silva Maryanne Zilli Canedo , Krug Rodrigo R. , Inda-Filho Antônio J. , Ferreira Aparecido P. , Lima Ricardo M. , Avesani Carla Maria , Nóbrega Otávio T. , Reboredo Maycon M. , Ribeiro Heitor S. ,   on behalf of the SARC-HD Study Group
Published: August 2023

Background

Sarcopenia has been associated with adverse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in those undergoing hemodialysis (HD). However, the trajectories across sarcopenia stages, their determinants, and associations with adverse clinical outcomes have yet to be comprehensively examined.

Methods

The SARC-HD is a multicenter, observational prospective cohort study designed to comprehensively investigate sarcopenia in patients on HD. Eligibility criteria include adult patients undergoing HD for ≥ 3 months. The primary objective is to investigate the trajectories of sarcopenia stages and their potential determinants. Secondary objectives include evaluating the association between sarcopenia and adverse clinical outcomes (i.e., falls, hospitalization, and mortality). Sarcopenia risk will be assessed by the SARC-F and SARC-CalF questionnaire. Sarcopenia traits (i.e., low muscle strength, low muscle mass, and low physical performance) will be defined according to the revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People and will be assessed at baseline and after 12 follow-up months. Patients will be followed-up at 3 monthly intervals for adverse clinical outcomes during 24 months.

Discussion

Collectively, we expect to provide relevant clinical findings for healthcare professionals from nephrology on the association between sarcopenia screening tools (i.e., SARC-F and SARC-CalF) with objective sarcopenia measurements, as well as to investigate predictors of trajectories across sarcopenia stages, and the impact of sarcopenia on adverse clinical outcomes. Hence, our ambition is that the data acquired from SARC-HD study will provide novel and valuable evidence to support an adequate screening and management of sarcopenia in patients on HD.
The risk factors of procedure-related complications after amniocentesis in twin pregnancies: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Liu Xijing , Wang Jiamin , Luo Wanying , Wang Qiyi , Liu Zhushu , Wang He , Liu Shanling , Hu Ting
Published: August 2023

Background

There is an increasing demand for prenatal diagnostic testing in twin pregnancies, however, anecdotally there is a higher incidence of procedure-related complications after amniocentesis than that in singleton pregnancies. There is a paucity of data regarding risk factors of amniocentesis in twin pregnancies.

Methods

Women with twin pregnancies who underwent amniocentesis between January 2016 and December 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Procedure-related complications including spontaneous miscarriage, intrauterine fetal death, spontaneous preterm delivery, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and placental abruption in one or both fetuses after amniocentesis were assessed. Meanwhile, potential risk factors related to amniocentesis including chorionicity, gestational age, conception, number of needle insertions, parity, history of miscarriage, indications, and pregnancy-related complications (pregnancy-induced hypertension and gestational diabetes) were also recorded.

Results

A total of 811 women with twin pregnancies underwent amniocentesis were included, with a procedure-related complications rate of 3.83%. Risk factors associated with increased risk of procedure-related complications after amniocentesis in twin pregnancies were chorionicity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 4.06), gestational age at the procedure (aOR: 2.76), and numbers of needle insertions (aOR: 3.26). In the monochorionic twin pregnancy, hemorrhage during this pregnancy (aOR: 12.01), polyhydramnios (aOR: 5.03), and numbers of needle insertions (aOR: 3.15) were risk factors after amniocentesis. In the dichorionic twin pregnancy, gestational age at the procedure (OR:4.47) affected the risk of procedure-related complications after amniocentesis. In the subgroup of gestational age at the procedure ≤ 24+ 0 weeks, risk factors associated with increased risk of procedure-related complications after amniocentesis in twin pregnancies were chorionicity (aOR: 5.14), and numbers of needle insertions (aOR: 3.76).

Conclusion

The procedure-related complications rate is 3.83% in our institution during the study period. The present study has emphasized the significance of certain risk factors for adverse outcome and will be useful in counseling patients with twin pregnancies.