bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ß-Glucan contents of groats of different oat cultivars in official variety, in organic cultivation, and in nitrogen fertilization trials in Finland
Authors: SAASTAMOINEN M. , HIETANIEMI V. , PIHLAVA J-M.
Published: May 2005

ß-Glucan is a beneficial chemical compound in the diet of humans by decreasing the levels of serum cholesterol and blood glucose. The ß-glucan contents of oat groats were studied in official variety trials (1997-1999), nitrogen fertilization trials (1997-1999) and organic variety trials (1997-1998) in Finland. Eight cultivars were studied in the organic variety trials. Two of them, cultivars Puhti and Veli, were cultivated also with a conventional method at the same fields. The years 1997 and 1999 were very warm and dry and 1998 very cool and rainy. The effects of year and cultivar on ß-glucan content were significant in all three trial series. The Kolbu oat cultivar had a significantly lower ß- glucan content than other cultivars in all trials. N fertilization did not increase the ß-glucan contents of oats in Finland. The effect of cultivation method (traditional vr organic cultivation) had no significant effect on the ß-glucan content. The year x cultivar interaction significantly affected the ß-glucan contents of oat groats in N fertilization trials. The reaction of different cultivars to weather conditions was different. Kolbu oat cultivar had significantly lower ß-glucan contents in 1998 than in warm years in all three trial series.;
Role of lipid reactions in quality of oat products
Authors: LEHTINEN P. , LAAKSO S.
Published: May 2005

In traditional oat processing practice the control of lipid reactions relies largely on empirical experiences and dogmatic principles rather than on profound understanding of the underlying mechanisms. However, in todays global food markets, the industry faces strict challenges in the development of new processes and applications where the prior experience is unsatisfactory or insufficient. The storage stability of novel oat products can be greatly enhanced by taking the mechanisms of lipid deterioration into account, and by adjusting the processing conditions accordingly so that these reactions can be minimized. The lipid reactions in oat products result in two different unwanted properties: bitter, astringent, taste or a rancid flavor. Chemically, these properties are associated to enzymatic hydrolysis of ester bonds and non-enzymatic oxidation of unsaturated fatty acyl chains respectively. The processing history oat product has a huge impact on which of these reactions predominates in oat products. The review focuses on the reactions of lipids in processed oat products, and identifies factors that are critical for enhanced shelf-life.;
Effect of mulching and fertilization on the quality of strawberries
Authors: MOOR U. , KARP K. , PÕLDMA P.
Published: May 2005

A large part of the research carried out with strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) has been with the aim of gaining higher yields. At the same time postharvest losses are remarkable. Therefore the need for research with the aim of increasing quality is rising. The aim of the present research was to study the influence of mulch (plastic and straw), fertilization and the age of plants (two, three and four years) on the quality of strawberry fruits. Experiments were carried out with cultivar Bounty during 20002002 at the Estonian Agricultural University. Results showed that fertilization had a positive effect on the yield of first grade fruits with both mulches. With plastic mulch, fertilization had a positive influence on vitamin C content. With straw mulch, fertilization decreased fruit damage. None of the experimental factors had an impact on the content of soluble solids. We concluded that injecting fertilizer solution into the soil under plastic mulch is an effective and inexpensive way to avoid a decrease in fruit size in the third year of production. Vitamin C content was negatively influenced by plant age, and in the three-year-old plantation, smaller fruits contained more vitamin C than larger fruits.;
Phosphorus status of diverse soils in Finland as influenced by long-term P fertilisation 2.Changes of soil test values in relation to P balance with references to incorporation depth of residual and freshly applied P
Authors: SAARELA I. , JÄRVI A. , HAKKOLA H.
Published: May 2005

Fertilising with phosphorus (P) ensures continuous supply of an essential growth factor as necessary for productive and sustainable agriculture. The amounts of P required to attain and maintain an adequate P status in the soil were investigated in field experiments at 22 sites in Finland on soils containing large amounts of residual fertiliser P. The effects of five rates (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg ha-1) of annual P application were measured in the soil by chemical methods after 9 to 15 experimental years, and the changes in soil test P values (STP) were compared with P balances. Stratification of P in ley soil by broadcast application of fertilisers was assessed at four sites. The mean changes of STP in the whole topsoil caused by P fertilisation expressed as per cent of the balance difference were 3.5% (0.0159 mg dm-3)/(kg ha-1) in the acid ammonium acetate test (PAc), 4.7% (0.0214 mg dm-3)/(kg ha-1) in water extraction (Pw) and 9.7% (0.058 mg kg-1)/(kg ha-1) in sodium bicarbonate extraction (modified Olsen P). Initially high PAc values tended to slowly decrease at zero P balance, while low values did not change without some particular reason, such as soil acidification or mixing of the topsoil with some of the less fertile subsurface soil. A thin layer of the uppermost soil was quickly enriched by broadcast application of P fertiliser.;
Relationships between climate and winter cereal grain quality in Finland and their potential for forecasting
Authors: HOLLINS P. D. , KETTLEWELL P.S. , PELTONEN-SAINIO P.
Published: May 2005

Many studies have demonstrated the effects of climate on cereal yield, but there has been little work carried out examining the relationships between climate and cereal grain quality on a national scale. In this study national mean hectolitre weight for both rye and winter wheat in Finland was modelled using monthly gridded accumulated snow depth, precipitation rate, solar radiation and temperature over the period 1971 to 2001. Variables with significant relationships in correlation analysis both before and after difference detrending were further investigated using forward stepwise regression. For rye, March snow depth, and June and July solar radiation accounted for 66% of the year-to-year variance in hectolitre weight, and for winter wheat January snow depth, June solar radiation and August temperature accounted for 62% of the interannual variance in hectolitre weight. Further analysis of national variety trials and weather station data was used to support proposed biological mechanisms. Finally a cross validation technique was used to test forecast models with those variables available by early July by making predictions of above or below the mean hectolitre weight. Analysis of the contingency tables for these predictions indicated that national hectolitre weight forecasts are feasible for both cereals in advance of harvest.;
Factors influencing somatic embryogenesis and regeneration ability in somatic tissue culture of spring and winter rye
Authors: MA R. , PULLI S.
Published: May 2005

Rye is an important crop in Northern and Eastern Europe. However, the application of various biotechnologies in rye breeding has been limited duo to its recalcitrant in tissue culture. In order to improve somatic tissue effi ciency, key factors affecting somatic embryogenesis and reproducible green plant regeneration of rye (Secale cereale L.) were evaluated and optimised. In this study, a total 27 rye genotypes including 10 spring and 17 winter genotypes were involved in the investigation. Genotype, culture medium, sugar, gel agent and auxin infl uenced somatic embryogenesis of immature embryo signifi cantly. One-two weeks cold pretreatment of young embryo enhanced somatic embryogenesis and green plant regeneration. In culture of immature embryos, infl orescences and leaf segments of the seedlings, explants signifi cantly infl uenced the culture effi ciency. Highest embryogenic callus yield resulted from rye immature embryo as explant compared to young infl orescence and leaf segment of seedling. Developmental stage of embryo played an important role in somatic embryogenesis. Late spherical coleoptile stage (embryo size 0.51mm in length) was optimal developmental stage of immature embryo for culture. Morphogenetic potential of embryogenic callus decreased with an increasing number of subcultures, and this ability could be maintained in vitro for a maximum of 8 months of culturing.;
Appropriate classification of three Swedish soils for agrarian and environmental management
Authors: SLÅNBERG L. , HYLANDER L.
Published: May 2005

Classification of soils according to internationally agreed criteria forms a valuable base for scientifi c and political analyses. The objectives of this study were to evaluate two soil classification systems and relate them to agricultural and environmental concerns, principally phosphorus leakage, by classifying three Swedish, arable soils. The Bjärröd soil was classifi ed as a Rupti-Endogleyic Phaeozem according to the World Reference Base for Soil Resources and as a coarse-loamy, mesic Oxiaquic Hapludoll according to the Soil Taxonomy. Bjelkesta was classified as an Orthieutric Gleysol and a fi ne, frigid, Typic Endoaquept, respectively, and Götala as a Haplic Arenosol and a frigid Typic Udipsamment. We evaluated some changes to the classification systems proposed by Nordic scientists and found the classification of Bjärröd misleading and suggest it being classified as a Cambisol/Inceptisol and that information of the characteristically high base saturation in Bjelkesta and the spodic character in Götala being included in their names. This information is useful for decisions regarding agrarian and environmental management of the soils.;
Body Composition in Anti-Obesity Medication Trials—Beyond Scales
Authors: Agarwal Ank A. , Narayan Aditya , Stanford Fatima Cody
Published: February 2024

This Viewpoint contends that focusing only on weight loss as the primary weight medication end point is an inaccurate measure of medication efficacy for both patients and clinicians.
Age-Related Risk of Serious Fall Events and Opioid Analgesic Use
Authors: Hopkins Ria E. , Bharat Chrianna , Buizen Luke , Close Jacqueline , Ivers Rebecca , Draper Brian , Pearson Sallie-Anne , Degenhardt Louisa , Gisev Natasa
Published: February 2024

Importance

Opioid analgesics may be associated with increased risk of falls, particularly among older adults.

Objective

To quantify the age-related risk of serious fall events among adults prescribed opioids by opioid exposure, time from initiation, and daily dose.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cohort study conducted in New South Wales, Australia, used data linking national pharmaceutical claims to national and state datasets, including information on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, medicines use, health services utilization, and mortality (POPPY II study). It included adults (18 years or older) who initiated prescription opioid treatment, which was defined as no prior dispensing during the preceding 365 days, between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2018. Data were analyzed from February to June 2023.

Exposure

Time-dependent periods of opioid exposure were evaluated from dispensing records.

Main Outcome and Measures

Serious fall events identified from emergency department, hospitalization, and mortality records. Negative binomial models were used to assess associations between time-dependent opioid exposure (overall, by time from initiation, and by dose), age, and risk of fall events. Models were adjusted for known fall risk factors, including other fall risk–increasing drugs, frailty risk, and prior serious fall events.

Results

The cohort comprised 3 212 369 individuals who initiated prescription opioid treatment (1 702 332 women [53%]; median [IQR] age at initiation, 49 [32-65] years). Overall, 506 573 serious fall events were identified, including 5210 fatal falls. During exposure to opioids, the risk of serious fall events was elevated among all age groups; compared with the group aged 18 to 44 years, this risk was highest among those 85 years or older (adjusted incident rate ratio, 6.35; 95% CI, 6.20-6.51). Across all age groups, the first 28 days following opioid initiation was a time of increased serious fall risk; this risk increased with age. Among individuals aged 18 to 84 years, associations were identified between higher daily opioid doses and serious fall events.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this cohort study suggest that prescription opioids were associated with increased risk of serious fall events among adults of all ages, with individuals 85 years or older at greatest risk. These risks should be considered when prescribing opioids, particularly for individuals with preexisting risk factors or when opioids are prescribed at higher doses. Targeted falls prevention efforts may be most effective within the first month following opioid initiation.
The Global Burden of Disease Epidemiology—When Big Data Impute the Nonexistent
Authors: Roman-Urrestarazu Andres , van Kessel Robin
Published: February 2024

This Viewpoint discusses concerns about the data quality of the Global Burden of Disease study with respect to incidence estimates of child and adolescent mental health disorders, such as autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, in low- and middle-income countries.
The positive allosteric modulator BPAM344 and L‐glutamate introduce an active‐like structure of the ligand‐binding domain of GluK2
Authors: Bay Yasmin , Egeberg Jeppesen Mie , Frydenvang Karla , Francotte Pierre , Pirotte Bernard , Pickering Darryl S. , Kristensen Anders Skov , Kastrup Jette Sandholm
Published: February 2024

Kainate receptors belong to the family of ionotropic glutamate receptors and contribute to the majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission. Consequently, they also play a role in brain diseases. Therefore, understanding how these receptors can be modulated is of importance. Our study provides a crystal structure of the dimeric ligand‐binding domain of the kainate receptor GluK2 in complex with L‐glutamate and the small‐molecule positive allosteric modulator, BPAM344, in an active‐like conformation. The role of Thr535 and Gln786 in modulating GluK2 by BPAM344 was investigated using a calcium‐sensitive fluorescence‐based assay on transiently transfected cells expressing GluK2 and mutants hereof. This study may aid in the design of compounds targeting kainate receptors, expanding their potential as targets for the treatment of brain diseases.
Assessing trade‐offs in developing a landscape‐scale nest monitoring programme for a threatened shorebird
Authors: Ellis Kristen S. , Anteau Michael J. , MacDonald Garrett J. , Ring Megan M. , Sherfy Mark H. , Swift Rose J. , Toy Dustin L.
Published: February 2024

Effective monitoring of wildlife species requires thorough planning and development of survey programmes that can address management and conservation objectives. Decisions about monitoring programmes include where to survey, survey design and how much effort to allocate at survey sites are typically predicated on limited budgets and available resources. When the scope of inference requires monitoring on a broad spatial scale, predictions of habitat distribution or suitability may be useful for identifying potential survey sites.

We focused on a threatened but widely distributed shorebird, the piping plover (Charadrius melodus), which is actively monitored across some, but not all of its range. Our objective was to use piping plover habitat distribution maps, which vary annually, to assess the effectiveness of multiple monitoring programme scenarios and their associated costs.

In the breeding range, efforts to improve productivity for species of conservation concern often focus on improving probabilities of nest survival. Consequently, collecting adequate nesting data is crucial for obtaining accurate and precise estimates of nest survival and for evaluating the effectiveness of management actions. By simulating the nest monitoring process, we evaluated how much area, where and how often to survey each site when estimating nest survival and detecting effects of potential management actions.

As expected, precision increased and bias decreased around nest survival estimates with greater survey coverage and nest visit frequency. We also identified monitoring programmes with negative net values where survey costs outweighed statistical benefits.

Although we applied our simulation framework to evaluate nest monitoring designs for piping plovers, it could be extended to assess whether different monitoring programmes can detect changes in the distribution of other species or occupancy of habitats over time.
Deep‐learning‐based renal artery stenosis diagnosis via multimodal fusion
Authors: Wang Xin , Cai Sheng , Wang Hongyan , Li Jianchu , Yang Yuqing
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Diagnosing Renal artery stenosis (RAS) presents challenges. This research aimed to develop a deep learning model for the computer‐aided diagnosis of RAS, utilizing multimodal fusion technology based on ultrasound scanning images, spectral waveforms, and clinical information.

Methods

A total of 1485 patients received renal artery ultrasonography from Peking Union Medical College Hospital were included and their color doppler sonography (CDS) images were classified according to anatomical site and left‐right orientation. The RAS diagnosis was modeled as a process involving feature extraction and multimodal fusion. Three deep learning (DL) models (ResNeSt, ResNet, and XCiT) were trained on a multimodal dataset consisted of CDS images, spectrum waveform images, and individual basic information. Predicted performance of different models were compared with senior physician and evaluated on a test dataset (N = 117 patients) with renal artery angiography results.

Results

Sample sizes of training and validation datasets were 3292 and 169 respectively. On test data (N = 676 samples), predicted accuracies of three DL models were more than 80% and the ResNeSt achieved the accuracy 83.49% ± 0.45%, precision 81.89% ± 3.00%, and recall 76.97% ± 3.7%. There was no significant difference between the accuracy of ResNeSt and ResNet (82.84% ± 1.52%), and the ResNeSt was higher than the XCiT (80.71% ± 2.23%, p < 0.05). Compared to the gold standard, renal artery angiography, the accuracy of ResNest model was 78.25% ± 1.62%, which was inferior to the senior physician (90.09%). Besides, compared to the multimodal fusion model, the performance of single‐modal model on spectrum waveform images was relatively lower.

Conclusion

The DL multimodal fusion model shows promising results in assisting RAS diagnosis.
Enhanced detection efficiency in reaction time‐based concealed information test through response preparation interference
Authors: Liang Jing , Chen Yu‐Hsin , Yan Wen‐Jing , He Yun‐Feng
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the influence of cognitive interference on the detectability of concealed information in a reaction time (RT)‐based concealed information test (CIT). The classical RT‐based CIT was modified to interfere with response preparation, hypothesizing that this interference would enhance detection efficiency. A total of 120 participants were randomly assigned as “guilty” or “innocent” and were instructed to deny any knowledge related to a mock crime. The results revealed that guilty participants exhibited significantly longer RTs for probes than for irrelevant stimuli in both the classical and modified‐CIT conditions (aka CIT effect). In contrast, innocent participants showed no difference in RTs between the probe and irrelevant stimuli under either condition. Furthermore, the modified‐CIT yielded significantly higher detection efficiency than the classical‐CIT. These findings signify promising advancements in the application of cognitive interventions in deception detection methodologies.
Anion‐Regulated Electric Double Layer and Progressive Nucleation Enable Uniform and Nanoscale Zn Deposition for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Ziqing , Diao Jiefeng , Henkelman Graeme , Mullins C. Buddie
Published: February 2024

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries have been regarded as safe and cheap energy storage devices. However, severe zinc dendrite growth and water decomposition limit the sustainability of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. Herein, sodium‐difluoro(oxalato)borate (NaDFOB) is introduced into ZnSO4 electrolyte to modify the electric double layer (EDL) and the nucleation mechanism. Electrochemical tests and density functional theory calculations reveal that DFOB− adsorbs on the zinc electrode to form a water‐poor EDL, effectively suppressing side reactions. Notably, a detailed investigation of zinc deposition demonstrates that the adsorbed DFOB− ions induce progressive nucleation, resulting in nanoscale zinc nuclei and uniform zinc growth. Additionally, the adsorbed DFOB− ions decompose into a solid electrolyte interphase, further protecting the zinc electrode. Consequently, the Zn/Zn symmetric cell using ZnSO4/NaDFOB electrolyte can cycle for over 500 h at 5 mA cm−2 to reach a capacity of 10 mAh cm−2, while a Zn/Cu half cell maintains an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.3% over 400 cycles. A high capacity retention of 93.0% with a capacity of 250 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 is achieved in the ZnSO4/NaDFOB electrolyte in full cell cycling. These findings highlight the impact of anion‐modified EDL and progressive nucleation on achieving highly uniform zinc deposition.
Hydrochromic Nanocapsule with Real Time Visual In Situ Water Level Sensing Function and Toughening Effect for Plastic Materials
Authors: Wang Qin , He Peiyu , Wei Cheng , Liu Fengrui , Wang Xianzhong , Liu Yiding , Kang Biao
Published: February 2024

Despite the recent developments in hydrochromic materials, visual detection of water level in plastic materials without sacrificing mechanical properties remains a meaningful yet challenging topic. Currently, to optimize the sensitivity, hydrochromic agents are usually incorporated into hygroscopic matrixes to form bulk solids, which have restricted compatibility for the direct application inside other polymer materials. In this study, this challenge is tackled by nanoscale incorporation of hydrochromic agent into a hygroscopic polymer by miniemulsion polymerization. The obtained hydrochromic nanocapsule has an average diameter ≈110 nm, shows reversible hydrochromic property after 10 cycles, and can offer the first directly eye‐readable signal about the real time in situ water level in plastic materials with a water level below 4 wt.%, while achieving a 214% enhancement of the toughness at the same time. Comprehensive researches by investigating the composition and viscoelastic transition of the nanocapsules has shed light on the mechanisms concerning hydrochromic sensitivity and toughening effect. This simple methodology not only offers a new route for the nanoscale incorporation and application of different hydrochromic materials, but also inspires the development of smart nanoparticles with other stimuli‐responsive functionalities. All these aspects should render this work interesting for both scientific researches and engineering practices.
Multi‐Dimensional Multiplexed Metasurface Holography by Inverse Design
Authors: Yin Yongyao , Jiang Qiang , Wang Hongbo , Liu Jianghong , Xie Yiyang , Wang Qiuhua , Wang Yongtian , Huang Lingling
Published: February 2024

Multi‐dimensional multiplexed metasurface holography extends holographic information capacity and promises revolutionary advancements for vivid imaging, information storage, and encryption. However, achieving multifunctional metasurface holography by forward design method is still difficult because it relies heavily on Jones matrix engineering, which places high demands on physical knowledge and processing technology. To break these limitations and simplify the design process, here, an end‐to‐end inverse design framework is proposed. By directly linking the metasurface to the reconstructed images and employing a loss function to guide the update of metasurface, the calculation of hologram can be omitted; thus, greatly simplifying the design process. In addition, the requirements on the completeness of meta‐library can also be significantly reduced, allowing multi‐channel hologram to be achieved using meta‐atoms with only two degrees of freedom, which is very friendly to processing. By exploiting the proposed method, metasurface hologram containing up to 12 channels of multi‐wavelength, multi‐plane, and multi‐polarization is designed and experimentally demonstrated, which exhibits the state‐of‐the‐art information multiplexing capacity of the metasurface composed of simple meta‐atoms. This method is conducive to promoting the intelligent design of multifunctional meta‐devices, and it is expected to eventually accelerate the application of meta‐devices in colorful display, imaging, storage and other fields.
High Areal Capacity FeS@Fe Foam Anode with Hierarchical Structure for Alkaline Solid‐State Energy Storage
Authors: Wang Miao , Xing Yi , Shi Qinhao , Ge Yunshuang , Xiang Menglin , Huang Zirui , Xuan Qianyu , Fan Yuqian , Zhao Yufeng
Published: February 2024

The development of low‐cost and high‐performance iron (Fe)‐based anode materials is of great significance for rechargeable aqueous batteries. Herein, a FeS@Fe foam anode with crosslinked nanoflake array structure is fabricated. Being adopted as alkaline anode, FeS@Fe foam delivers enhanced areal capacity of 31.1 mAh cm−2 (at 50 mA cm−2), which is ≈1.5 times that of the‐state‐of‐the‐art literatures. The scaled‐up tests further reveal the higher capacity (800.7 mAh) and current density (1.25 A) with the area of 25 cm2. The FeS@Fe foam anode sustains intact after 270‐day cycles, demonstrating excellent durability. The assembled FeS//NiO single battery provides a superior areal energy density of 300.7 Wh m−2 at 500 W m−2. The reaction mechanism and electrode kinetics are revealed by combining in/ex situ techniques and DFT calculations. Experimental results and in/ex situ characterizations validate that excellent structural stability and high areal capacity are attributed to effective interface regulation and improved energy storage mechanism, respectively. This work pushes the advanced Fe‐based electrode to a superior level among these available alkaline solid‐state batteries.
Comparison of the survival outcomes between retrocolic and antecolic Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction after gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Honda Michitaka , Ri Motonari , Kinoshita Takahiro , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Aizawa Masaki , Bamba Takeo , Matsuda Satoru , Kawamura Hidetaka , Yoshida Mitsumasa , Nunobe Souya
Published: February 2024

Background

There are two methods of Roux‐en‐Y (RY) reconstruction after gastrectomy: the antecolic route (ACR) and retrocolic route (RCR). There is no evidence to support that the ACR achieves comparable long‐term survival.

Methods

This was a multi‐center historical cohort study. Patients diagnosed with clinical T3/4a and any N stage who underwent open gastrectomy and R0 resection for gastric adenocarcinoma between January 2006 and December 2012 were enrolled. The primary outcome was the hazard ratio of ACR for overall survival, with adjustment for confounding factors by propensity score matching, and a Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

A total of 1758 eligible patients were identified from the database. After matching, 410 patients in the ACR and RCR groups were included in the final analysis. The adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) for ACR was 1.148 (0.870–1.492). The five‐year survival rates in the ACR and RCR groups were 74.3% (69.5–78.4) and 77.3% (72.3–81.2), respectively. The short‐term surgical outcomes of the two groups did not differ to a statistically significant extent.

Conclusion

The route used to lift the jejunum in RY reconstruction did not affect the incidence of long‐term survival or postoperative complications. The ACR and RCR are both acceptable options for RY reconstruction during gastric cancer surgery.
Moisture‐Driven Cellulose Actuators with Directional Motion and Programmable Shapes
Authors: Wei Shuzhen , Ghosh Tushar K.
Published: February 2024

The hygroscopic motion of plants has inspired the development of moisture‐activated soft actuators. These actuators driven by ambient moisture sources are of great research interest in robotics and self‐regulating textiles. However, these actuators often have slow motion and can only perform bending and twisting motions. Herein, a cellulose film‐based fast‐morphing and motion‐programmable soft actuator is presented that can generate caterpillar‐like movement. The cellophane films reported here bend almost instantaneously under changing humidity, with a large bending curvature, high repeatability, and negligible hysteresis. Different actuation modes are studied using both coated and uncoated cellophane films. The uncoated cellophane film can continuously move on a moist substrate through autonomous bending–rolling–flipping (or oscillating) cycles. A facile strategy is used here to control the rolling direction and facilitate the flipping motion by offsetting its center of gravity during deformation by adding appropriate weights on the end of the actuator. The coated cellophane film is used to fabricate motion‐programmable actuators through heat‐laminating. Several actuator structures are designed and fabricated and their diverse moisture‐induced motions are demonstrated.
Experience with cascade screening: A comprehensive family pedigree analysis of two index patients with Fabry disease
Authors: Kisa Pelin Teke , Hismi Burcu Ozturk , Kocabey Mehmet , Gulten Zumrut Arslan , Huddam Bulent , Ekinci Selim , Bozkaya Evrim , Akar Harun , Pekuz Ozge K. Karalar , Aydogan Ayca , Arslan Nur
Published: February 2024

The wide range of clinical symptoms observed in patients with Fabry disease (FD) often leads to delays in diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Delayed initiation of therapy may result in end‐organ damage, such as chronic renal failure, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and stroke. Although some tools are available to identify undiagnosed patients, new comprehensive screening methods are needed. In this study, the outcomes of the cascade screening applied to three index cases with FD from 2 familes were investigated. In the pedigree analysis, 280 individuals were included; out of them, 131 individuals underwent genetic testing and cascade screening for FD. During the screening program, a total of 45 individuals were diagnosed, with a diagnostic ratio of 1:15. The average age at diagnosis for all individuals was 30.9 ± 17.7 years, and %25 were pediatric cases (mean age 9.5 ± 5.9 years). Thirty affected relatives were diagnosed from the two index cases in Family 1 and 15 individuals were diagnosed from one index case in Family 2. There were 13 consanguineous marriages observed among 2 pedigres, in two both spouses  were affected, leading to two homozygous affected daughters in one couple. In regions where there is a high prevalence of consanguineous marriages, implementing the cascade screening approach to identify all individuals at risk can be beneficial for patients with FD, specifically women and children.
SNOT‐22 subdomain outcomes following treatment for sinonasal malignancy: A prospective, multicenter study
Authors: Grimm David R. , Beswick Daniel M. , Maoz Sabrina L. , Wang Eric W. , Choby Garret W. , Kuan Edward C. , Chan Erik P. , Adappa Nithin D. , Geltzeiler Mathew , Getz Anne E. , Humphreys Ian M. , Le Christopher H. , Abuzeid Waleed M. , Chang Eugene H. , Jafari Aria , Kingdom Todd T. , Kohanski Michael A. , Lee Jivianne K. , Nayak Jayakar V. , Palmer James N. , Patel Zara M. , Pinheiro‐Neto Carlos D. , Resnick Adam C. , Sim Myung S. , Smith Timothy L. , Snyderman Carl H. , John Maie A. , Storm Phillip , Suh Jeffrey D. , Wang Marilene B. , Hwang Peter H.
Published: February 2024

Background

Patients with sinonasal malignancy (SNM) present with significant sinonasal quality of life (QOL) impairment. Global sinonasal QOL as measured by the 22‐item Sinonasal Outcomes Test (SNOT‐22) has been shown to improve with treatment. This study aims to characterize SNOT‐22 subdomain outcomes in SNM.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with SNM were prospectively enrolled in a multi‐center patient registry. SNOT‐22 scores were collected at the time of diagnosis and through the post‐treatment period for up to 5 years. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify drivers of variation in SNOT‐22 subdomains.

Results

Note that 234 patients were reviewed, with a mean follow‐up of 22 months (3 months–64 months). Rhinologic, psychological, and sleep subdomains significantly improved versus baseline (all p < 0.05). Subanalysis of 40 patients with follow‐up at all timepoints showed statistically significant improvement in rhinologic, extra‐nasal, psychological, and sleep subdomains, with minimal clinically important difference met between 2 and 5 years in sleep and psychological subdomains. Adjuvant chemoradiation was associated with worse outcomes in rhinologic (adjusted odds ratio (5.22 [1.69–8.66])), extra‐nasal (2.21 [0.22–4.17]) and ear/facial (5.53 [2.10–8.91]) subdomains. Pterygopalatine fossa involvement was associated with worse outcomes in rhinologic (3.22 [0.54–5.93]) and ear/facial (2.97 [0.32–5.65]) subdomains. Positive margins (5.74 [2.17–9.29]) and surgical approach—combined versus endoscopic (3.41 [0.78–6.05])—were associated with worse psychological outcomes. Adjuvant radiation (2.28 [0.18–4.40]) was associated with worse sleep outcomes.

Conclusions

Sinonasal QOL improvements associated with treatment of SNM are driven by rhinologic, extra‐nasal, psychological, and sleep subdomains.
Transpassive Metal Dissolution vs. Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Implication for Alloy Stability and Electrocatalysis
Authors: Wetzel Annica , Morell Daniel , von der Au Marcus , Wittstock Gunther , Ozcan Ozlem , Witt Julia
Published: February 2024

Multi‐principal element alloys (MPEAs) are gaining interest in corrosion and electrocatalysis research due to their electrochemical stability across a broad pH range and the design flexibility they offer. Using the equimolar CrCoNi alloy, we observe significant metal dissolution in a corrosive electrolyte (0.1 M NaCl, pH 2) concurrently with the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the transpassive region, despite the absence of hysteresis in polarization curves or other obvious corrosion indicators. We present a characterization scheme to delineate the contribution of OER and alloy dissolution, using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) for OER‐onset detection, and quantitative chemical analysis with inductively coupled‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and ultraviolet visible light (UV/Vis) spectrometry to elucidate metal dissolution processes. In situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC‐AFM) revealed that the transpassive metal dissolution on CrCoNi is dominated by intergranular corrosion. These results have significant implications for the stability of MPEAs in corrosion systems, emphasizing the necessity of analytically determining metal ions released from MPEA electrodes into the electrolyte when evaluating Faradaic efficiencies of OER catalysts. The release of transition metal ions not only reduces the Faradaic efficiency of electrolyzers but may also cause poisoning and degradation of membranes in electrochemical reactors.
Total Syntheses of Borolithochromes A, D and G
Authors: Kirita Kanade , Matsumoto Hirotake , Endo Gaku , Hosokawa Seijiro
Published: February 2024

Total syntheses of borolithochromes A, D and G, red pigments isolated from fossils of Jurassic putative red alga Solenopora jurassica, have been achieved. The benzo[gh]tetraphene skeletons of the borate ligands in these substances were constructed using Diels–Alder reactions of aryl dienes with naphthoquinone, followed by intramolecular Corey–Chaykovsky reactions. Complexation of these ligands with trimethyl borate generated homocomplexes, which upon sequential O‐demethylation produced borolithochromes A and G. In the route to borolithochrome D, a heterocomplex was prepared by stepwise complexation of the ligands with 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl dimethyl borate. The strategy devised to accomplish the first total synthesis of borolithochromes A, D and G should be applicable to the preparation of other borolithochromes as well as spiroborates possessing two fused polycyclic aromatic ligands.
Template Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of [2], Linear [3], and Radial [4]Catenane via Click Reaction
Authors: Podh Mana Bhanjan , Ratha Radhakrishna , Purohit Chandra Shekhar
Published: February 2024

Design and synthesis of higher order catenane are unexpectedly complex and involve precise cooperation among the precursors overcoming competing and opposing interactions. We achieved synthesis of [2], linear [3], radial [4] in a one‐pot reaction by consecutive ring closing through click reactions. This synthesis gave three isolable products due to two, four, and six‐click reactions between suitable coupling partners. Yields of the isolate templated‐catenane decrease from lower to higher‐ordered catenane (40 %, 12 %, and 4 %), probably due to the bite angle as well as the flexibility of the reacting partners. Removal of templating cobalt(III) ion leads to the formation of fully organic [2], linear [3], and radial [4]catenane. These synthesized catenanes were purified by column chromatography and characterized by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and ESI‐MS spectroscopy. The synthesized catenanes have free binding sites suitable for post‐functionalization and may be used for the synthesis of higher‐ordered catenane.
Event‐triggered disturbance rejection control for Markov jump systems: A GA‐optimized approach
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Cheng Peng , Chen Hongtian , Zhang Weidong
Published: February 2024

This paper investigates the event‐triggered disturbance rejection control problem for discrete‐time Markov jump systems by means of genetic algorithms. Firstly, an extended state observer is developed to estimate the system states and disturbances and construct the event‐triggered disturbance rejection controller. With resort to Lyapunov theory, the uniform ultimate boundedness of both estimated errors and states is guaranteed. The disturbance rejection performance is also analyzed. The genetic algorithm is adopted to avoid conservatism in solving the given nonlinear conditions and achieve a meaningful optimization arising from realizing better system performance. The designed approach not only realizes a trade‐off between the bounds of estimated errors and states but also rejects the disturbance. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A novel adaptive neural predefined time control for a class of nonlinear systems
Authors: Jiang Wei , Wang Huanqing , Zhao Xudong
Published: February 2024

In this article, a novel adaptive neural predefined time control scheme is designed for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. In the design procedure, the unknown smooth nonlinear functions are approximated by the neural networks (NNs). A neural adaptive predefined time controller is proposed based on NNs, adaptive backstepping technology, and predefined time stability theory. The designed control strategy includes a new adaptive updating law which ensures that the derivative of the Lyapunov function satisfies the predefined time stable form. The proposed control scheme ensures that all the signals in the closed‐loop system are predefined time stability. A practical simulation example validates the effectiveness of the designed controller.
Anwendung verformungsbasierter Bemessungsverfahren gegenüber Erdbebeneinwirkungen im Holztafelbau
Authors: Schwendner Sascha , Seim Werner
Published: February 2024

Dieser Aufsatz befasst sich mit einer verformungsbasierten Bemessung im Holzbau gegenüber Erdbebeneinwirkungen. Nachdem die normativ geregelten Berechnungsverfahren kurz erläutert werden, werden zwei unterschiedliche Modelle beschrieben, mit denen das nichtlineare Verhalten aussteifender Wandtafeln für die Anwendung in einer verformungsbasierten Berechnung prognostiziert werden kann. Alternativ zum Vorschlag im aktuellen Entwurf des Eurocode 8 wird ein eigener Ansatz vorgestellt. Anhand von einzelnen Wandtafeln werden die Prognosemodelle verglichen und die Unterschiede aufgezeigt. Anschließend werden an einem zwei‐ und viergeschossigen Referenzgebäude unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Ausführungskonfigurationen der aussteifenden Wände verformungsbasierte Bemessungen durchgeführt. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass sich eine verformungsbasierte Bemessung sehr robust gegenüber Veränderungen bei den Prognosemodellen verhält und ein hohes Potenzial vorhanden ist, mögliche Reserven in einer Struktur zu aktivieren.
A robust multinutrient kinetic model for enhanced lutein and biomass yields in mixotrophic microalgae cultivation: A step towards successful large‐scale productions
Authors: Bentahar Jihed , Deschênes Jean‐Sébastien
Published: February 2024

Mixotrophic cultivation holds great promise to significantly enhance the productivities of biomass and valuable metabolites from microalgae. In this study, a new kinetic model is developed, explicitly describing the effect of the most influential environmental factors on both biomass growth and the production of the high‐value product lutein. This extensive study of multinutrient kinetics for Tetradesmus obliquus in a mixotrophic regime covers various nutritional conditions. Crucial nutrients governing the model include nitrate, phosphate, and glucose. Using seven state variables and 13 unknown parameters, the model's accuracy was ensured through a well‐designed two‐factor, four‐level experimental setup, providing ample data for reliable calibration and validation. Results accurately predict dynamic concentration profiles for all validation experiments, revealing broad applicability. Optimizing nitrogen availability led to significant increases in biomass (up to fourfold) and lutein production (up to 12‐fold), with observed maximum biomass concentration of 6.80 g L−1 and lutein reaching 25.58 mg L−1. Noticeably, the model exhibits a maximum specific growth rate of 4.03 day−1, surpassing reported values for photoautotrophic and heterotrophic conditions, suggesting synergistic effects. Valuable guidance is provided for applying the method to various microalgal species and results are large‐scale production‐ready. Future work will exploit these results to develop real‐time photobioreactor operation strategies.
Would you buy what you are selling?
Authors: Zacarese Lawrence M.
Published: February 2024

I never thought I would be here. Well, that's actually not true. I knew I would, I just never thought it would happen so fast… 18 years in the blink of an eye. I am the proud father of four children, but I have only one daughter — so when it was time to start looking at colleges, a few things happened. First, I began to notice more gray hairs (I’m kidding, but not really). Second, and most relevant here, my wife and I slowly began to embrace the concept that our only daughter, the “2024” using competitive sports lingo, was now a high school senior, and she was no longer in elementary school. Time flies.
Promote a healthier work culture to boost morale among staff members
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: February 2024

BOSTON — In the aftermath of the great resignation and the COVID‐19 pandemic, those staff members who stayed on in your student affairs or campus safety department could most certainly use a morale boost.
Creative collaborations can support students’ mental health
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: February 2024

BURLINGTON, VERMONT — The traumas and losses of the pandemic combined with the pressures and pervasiveness of social media and technology use combined to create the perfect storm in college students’ lives. That left many students’ mental health in tatters, placing more demand on counseling centers, which were already stretched thin. And it's not going away soon. It takes about seven years to work through a trauma and about one to two years to work through the loss of a loved one — but that's when support systems are available to help, according to Jeremy Butler, Chief Innovation Officer at Integrated Community Alternatives Network, a nonprofit organization (www.ican.family).
10 tips to make difficult conversations easier
Authors: Schwebel David C.
Published: February 2024

Academia offers plenty of rewarding pleasures; consider commencement, award ceremonies, and student “a‐ha” moments, among others. We also face daily stresses and challenges. One less rewarding academic duty is the delivery of difficult news. This need arises for multiple reasons, including policy violations, negative performance reviews, academic dishonesty, and conflict resolution.
Did court dismiss Title IX retaliation claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: February 2024

A member of the University of California‐San Diego rowing team committed suicide, allegedly due to psychological abuse from his coaches. The student‐ athlete faced abuse from his coaches after he allegedly attempted to report a teammate for sexual misconduct against female students. The student‐athlete continued to speak up about the allegations and questioned his coach's failure to discipline the teammate or relay the sexual misconduct reports to the university administration.
Structurally Diverse Coumarins from Peucedanum praeruptorum and their Anti‐Inflammatory Activities via NF‐κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lin Kai‐Qin , Liu Han‐Fei , Chen Chao , Li Jin‐Yu , Pan Wei‐Dong , Sun Chao , Lou Hua‐Yong
Published: February 2024

The phytochemical study of Peucedanum praeruptorum led to the isolation of twenty‐five coumarins (1‐25). Of which, (±) praeruptol A (±1), one pair of previous undescribed seco‐coumarin enantiomers were obtained. Their structures were established according to HR‐ESI‐MS, NMR, X‐ray single crystal diffraction analysis, as well as ECD calculation. All compounds were tested for anti‐inflammatory activity in the RAW264.7 macrophage model, and eight compounds (7–10, and 13–16) exhibited significant inhibitory effects with IC50 values ranging from 9.48 to 34.66 μM. Among them, compound 7 showed the strongest inhibitory effect, which significantly suppressed the production of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α, as well as iNOS and COX‐2 in a concentration‐dependent manner. Further investigated results showed that compound 7 exerted an anti‐inflammatory effect via the NF‐κB signaling pathway.
Atraumatic intra‐articular, extra‐synovial ganglion cyst of the lateral knee deep to the iliotibial band: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Guzman Alvarho , Williams Nicholas , Dela Rueda Therese , Xiao Edward , Caliman Arina , Chen James L. , McGahan Patrick J.
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

We highlight the rare case of an atraumatic, intra‐articular ganglion cyst of the lateral knee deep to the iliotibial band that was successfully treated nonoperatively, a pathology yet to be reported in orthopedic literature.

Ganglion cysts are mucin‐filled synovial cysts commonly found on the dorsal surface of the hands and feet. Intra‐articular ganglion cysts of the knee are rare, and when they present clinically, are typically treated operatively through arthroscopic surgery. We present the first reported case of an atraumatic intraarticular, extra‐synovial ganglion cyst of the lateral knee located deep to the iliotibial band that was successfully treated without operative intervention through repeated intra‐articular aspirations of the knee.
Primary cutaneous nocardiosis in an immunocompetent host
Authors: He Shihuan , Lin Youkun
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

Nocardiosis is a rare opportunistic infection that is classically observed in immunocompromised patients but can also affect immunocompetent individuals. It tends to involve the lung, central nervous system, and skin and is often misdiagnosed.