bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association of Psychosocial Factors and Exercise‐Induced Hypoalgesia in Healthy People and People With Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Munneke Wouter , Ickmans Kelly , Voogt Lennard
Published: April 2020

Background

Exercise, a cornerstone in current treatments for people with musculoskeletal pain, elicits a phenomenon called exercise‐induced hypoalgesia (EIH), which may result in reduced pain intensity and/or increased pain thresholds. However, EIH can be impaired in patients with musculoskeletal pain, and psychosocial factors may play a mediating role in EIH.

Objective

The aim of this study was to systematically review the scientific literature regarding the association between psychosocial factors and EIH in healthy people and people with musculoskeletal pain.

Methods

An extensive search in databases including Medline Ovid, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO Ovid, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) EBSCOhost was carried out. Two reviewers independently carried out study selection, data extraction, and critical appraisal. Included studies analyzed the association or effect of psychosocial factors on EIH in adults with or without musculoskeletal pain.

Results

Nine cross‐sectional studies were included, 6 involving healthy people and 4 involving people with musculoskeletal pain; 1 study included both. Overall risk of bias was high. Different types of exercise bouts, psychosocial factors, and/or outcome measures were used across studies. In healthy people and people with musculoskeletal pain, most studies did not find an association between psychosocial factors and EIH. However, 1 study involving musculoskeletal pain and 2 studies with healthy people did find a significant association.

Conclusion

Due to poor quality and heterogeneity between studies, no conclusions can be drawn regarding whether psychosocial factors are associated with EIH or not. This review includes recommendations and directions for further research to investigate the role of psychosocial factors on EIH.
Blood transfusions in mass casualty events: recent trends
Authors: Ramsey Glenn
Published: April 2020

Background and objectives

The US AABB disaster task force recommends estimating 3 RBC units per admission (UPA) for mass casualty events (MCEs). In a previous analysis, median MCE UPA were 2·7 RBCs, 1·2 plasmas and 0·27 platelet doses (Vox Sang 2017; 112:648). Additional recent data were sought from the current era of balanced massive transfusion protocols (bMTPs).

Materials and methods

Publications in English from 1980 to 2020 were reviewed for MCEs using ≥50 RBCs/event and with numbers of admissions available. MCE reports were stratified by era and event‐wide or trauma‐centre source. The bMTP era included all MCEs since 2010 plus a 2008 bMTP military report. Statistics: Mann–Whitney test.

Results

Thirty‐two MCEs met analysis criteria. Event‐wide reports used medians [interquartile ranges] of 1·8 [1·2–3·9] RBC, 0·6 [0·3–0·9] plasma and 0·14 [0·06–0·26] platelet‐dose UPA. Trauma centres transfused 3·4 [2·7–6·3] RBC, 2·4 [1·3–4·1] plasma and 0·41 [0·34–0·50] platelet‐dose UPA, all P < 0·05 vs event‐wide. Same‐event median post‐day‐1 transfusions were 50% of day‐1 use for RBC, 28% for plasma and 16% for platelets. Compared to prior years, the median plasma/RBC transfusion ratio rose from 0·28 to 0·67 in the bMTP era (P < 0·01). In recent mass shootings, trauma centres transfused up to 42 platelets (range 0·45–0·57 UPA) on day 1.

Conclusion

Based on available mass casualty data, we recommend planning for 3 RBC, 1 plasma and one‐fourth platelet‐dose units per admission for blood centres (event‐wide), and 6, 4 and one‐half UPA, respectively, for trauma centres, which have seen rising plasma usage and large mass‐shooting platelet needs.
Analysis of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Canadian SCWR Fuel Assembly Concept
Authors: Nava Domínguez A. , Rao Y. F. , Beuthe T.
Published: April 2020

Canada is participating in the Generation IV (Gen IV) International Forum with a main focus on the pressure-tube-type supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR) concept. The subchannel code ASSERT-PV modified for SCWR applications was used to design the SCWR fuel assembly, specifically the fuel bundle. Several assumptions were required to model the fuel assembly, including the perfect insulation of (i) the central flow tube (i.e., no heat transfer through the central tube) and (ii) the pressure tube (i.e., no heat loss to the moderator). These two assumptions were considered as conservative, but they were not analyzed or assessed for their validity or accuracy. ASSERT-PV was upgraded to model the heat loss to the moderator, and an external CATHENA system code model was coupled to ASSERT-PV to model the heat transfer to the central flow tube. This paper describes these additional heat transfer components, and presents an assessment of these two assumptions for their impact on the prediction of maximum fuel cladding temperature.
IFN-κ suppresses the replication of influenza A viruses through the IFNAR-MAPK-Fos-CHD6 axis
Authors: He Yongquan , Fu Weihui , Cao Kangli , He Qian , Ding Xiangqing , Chen Jian , Zhu Lingyan , Chen Tianyue , Ding Longfei , Yang Yu , Zhu Cuisong , Yuan Songhua , Li Zejun , Zhao Chen , Zhang Xiaoyan , Xu Jianqing
Published: April 2020

Interferon-κ protects cells and mice from influenza A virus independently of JAK-STAT signaling.
Accumulation of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Carbapenem-Resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
Isolates Belonging to Lineage 2, Global Clone 1, from Outbreaks in 2012–2013 at a Tehran Burns Hospital
Authors: Douraghi Masoumeh , Kenyon Johanna J. , Aris Parisa , Asadian Mahla , Ghourchian Sedighe , Hamidian Mohammad
Published: April 2020

Carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
strains are among the most critical antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing hospital-acquired infections and treatment failures. The global spread of two clones has been responsible for the bulk of the resistance, in particular, carbapenem resistance. However, there is a substantial gap in our knowledge of which clones and which specific lineages within each clone are circulating in many parts of the world, including Africa and the Middle East region. This is the first genomic analysis of carbapenem-resistant
A. baumannii
strains from Iran. All the isolates, from a single hospital, belonged to lineage 2 of global clone 1 (GC1) but fell into two groups distinguished by genes in the locus for capsule biosynthesis. The analysis suggests a potential origin of multiply antibiotic-resistant lineage 2 in the Middle East region and highlights the ongoing evolution of carbapenem-resistant GC1
A. baumannii
strains. It will enhance future studies on the local and global GC1 population structure.
Development and application of a concept test on the subject of stars
Authors: Ezberci-Cevik Ebru , Kurnaz Mehmet Altan
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study is to develop a concept test on the subject of stars that is suitable for model analysis and to evaluate the conformity of this model. The study was performed using a screening model, which is a type of quantitative research method. The study also tried to fill the gap in the existing literature regarding the use of quantitative methods. To develop the test, existing studies on stars were first examined; interviews with candidates who were teachers were conducted; and finally, necessary amendments to test items were made after referring to experts’ opinions. To assure its validity and reliability, the test was applied to a total of 175 candidates who were studying at schools of education in the departments of science teaching of three different universities to become teachers; all candidates took astronomy courses and were educated on the subject matter. The final form of the test was comprised of 26 multiple-choice questions, each with 5 possible answers. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of the test was calculated to be 0.735. In addition, the mean strength of the test was found to be 0.370 and the distinctiveness was found to be 0.390. Statistical analyses revealed that the concept test developed in this study is a valid and reliable test that conforms to the model analysis.
The underlying geometry of the CAM gauge model of the Standard Model of particle physics
Authors: Wolk Brian Jonathan
Published: April 2020

The Composition Algebra-based Methodology (CAM) [B. Wolk, Pap. Phys. 9, 090002 (2017); Phys. Scr. 94, 025301 (2019); Adv. Appl. Clifford Algebras 27, 3225 (2017); J. Appl. Math. Phys. 6, 1537 (2018); Phys. Scr. 94, 105301 (2019), Adv. Appl. Clifford Algebras 30, 4 (2020)], which provides a new model for generating the interactions of the Standard Model, is geometrically modeled for the electromagnetic and weak interactions on the parallelizable sphere operator fiber bundle [Formula: see text] consisting of base space, the tangent bundle [Formula: see text] of space–time [Formula: see text], projection operator [Formula: see text], the parallelizable spheres [Formula: see text] conceived as operator fibers [Formula: see text] attaching to and operating on [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text] varies over [Formula: see text], and as structure group, the norm-preserving symmetry group [Formula: see text] for each of the division algebras which is simultaneously the isometry group of the associated unit sphere. The massless electroweak [Formula: see text] Lagrangian is shown to arise from [Formula: see text]’s generation of a local coupling operation on sections of Dirac spinor and Clifford algebra bundles over [Formula: see text]. Importantly, CAM is shown to be a new genre of gauge theory which subsumes Yang–Mills Standard Model gauge theory. Local gauge symmetry is shown to be at its core a geometric phenomenon inherent to CAM gauge theory. Lastly, the higher-dimensional, topological architecture which generates CAM from within a unified eleven [Formula: see text]-dimensional geometro-topological structure is introduced.
THE EFFECTS OF INVASIVE EPIBIONTS ON CRAB–MUSSEL COMMUNITIES: A THEORETICAL APPROACH TO UNDERSTAND MUSSEL POPULATION DECLINE
Authors: LYU JINGJING , AUKER LINDA A. , PRIYADARSHI ANUPAM , PARSHAD RANA D.
Published: April 2020

Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) are important keystone species that have been declining in the Gulf of Maine. This could be attributed to a variety of complex factors such as indirect effects due to invasion by epibionts, which remains unexplored mathematically. Based on classical optimal foraging theory (OFT) and anti-fouling defense mechanisms of mussels, we derive an ODE model for crab–mussel interactions in the presence of an invasive epibiont, Didemnum vexillum. The dynamical analysis leads to results on stability, global boundedness and bifurcations of the model. Next, via optimal control methods, we predict various ecological outcomes. Our results have key implications for preserving mussel populations in the advent of invasion by non-native epibionts. In particular, they help us understand the changing popluation dynamics of local predator–prey communities, due to indirect effects that epibionts confer.
A trustworthy mechanized formalization of R
Authors: Bodin Martin , Diaz Tomás , Tanter Éric
Published: April 2020

The R programming language is very popular for developing statistical software and data analysis, thanks to rich libraries, concise and expressive syntax, and support for interactive programming. Yet, the semantics of R is fairly complex, contains many subtle corner cases, and is not formally specified. This makes it difficult to reason about R programs. In this work, we develop a big-step operational semantics for R in the form of an interpreter written in the Coq proof assistant. We ensure the trustworthiness of the formalization by introducing a monadic encoding that allows the Coq interpreter, CoqR, to be in direct visual correspondence with the reference R interpreter, GNU R. Additionally, we provide a testing framework that supports systematic comparison of CoqR and GNU R. In its current state, CoqR covers the nucleus of the R language as well as numerous additional features, making it pass a significant number of realistic test cases from the GNU R and FastR projects. To exercise the formal specification, we prove in Coq the preservation of memory invariants in selected parts of the interpreter. This work is an important first step towards a robust environment for formal verification of R programs.
HorseIR: bringing array programming languages together with database query processing
Authors: Chen Hanfeng , D'silva Joseph Vinish , Chen Hongji , Kemme Bettina , Hendren Laurie
Published: April 2020

Relational database management systems (RDBMS) are operationally similar to a dynamic language processor. They take SQL queries as input, dynamically generate an optimized execution plan, and then execute it. In recent decades, the emergence of in-memory databases with columnar storage, which use array-like storage structures, has shifted the focus on optimizations from the traditional I/O bottleneck to CPU and memory. However, database research so far has primarily focused on CPU cache optimizations. The similarity in the computational characteristics of such database workloads and array programming language optimizations are largely unexplored. We believe that these database implementations can benefit from merging database optimizations with dynamic array-based programming language approaches. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel approach to optimize database query execution using a new array-based intermediate representation, HorseIR, that resides between database queries and compiled code. Furthermore, we provide a translator to generate HorseIR from database execution plans and a compiler that optimizes HorseIR and generates efficient code. We compare HorseIR with the MonetDB RDBMS, by testing standard SQL queries, and show how our approach and compiler optimizations improve the runtime of complex queries.
Numerical computing on the web: benchmarking for the future
Authors: Herrera David , Chen Hanfeng , Lavoie Erick , Hendren Laurie
Published: April 2020

Recent advances in execution environments for JavaScript and WebAssembly that run on a broad range of devices, from workstations and mobile phones to IoT devices, provide new opportunities for portable and web-based numerical computing. Indeed, numerous numerical libraries and applications are emerging on the web, including Tensorflow.js, JSMapReduce, and the NLG Protein Viewer. This paper evaluates the current performance of numerical computing on the web, including both JavaScript and WebAssembly, over a wide range of devices from workstations to IoT devices. We developed a new benchmarking approach, which allowed us to perform centralized benchmarking, including benchmarking on mobile and IoT devices. Using this approach we performed four performance studies using the Ostrich benchmark suite, a collection of numerical programs representing the numerical dwarf categories identified by Colella. We studied the performance evolution of JavaScript, the relative performance of WebAssembly, the performance of server-side Node.js, and a comprehensive performance showdown for a wide range of devices.
Verification of high-level transformations with inductive refinement types
Authors: Al-Sibahi Ahmad Salim , Jensen Thomas P. , Dimovski Aleksandar S. , Wąsowski Andrzej
Published: April 2020

High-level transformation languages like Rascal include expressive features for manipulating large abstract syntax trees: first-class traversals, expressive pattern matching, backtracking and generalized iterators. We present the design and implementation of an abstract interpretation tool, Rabit, for verifying inductive type and shape properties for transformations written in such languages. We describe how to perform abstract interpretation based on operational semantics, specifically focusing on the challenges arising when analyzing the expressive traversals and pattern matching. Finally, we evaluate Rabit on a series of transformations (normalization, desugaring, refactoring, code generators, type inference, etc.) showing that we can effectively verify stated properties.
Regenerate: a language generator for extended regular expressions
Authors: Radanne Gabriel , Thiemann Peter
Published: April 2020

Regular expressions are part of every programmer’s toolbox. They are used for a wide variety of language-related tasks and there are many algorithms for manipulating them. In particular, matching algorithms that detect whether a word belongs to the language described by a regular expression are well explored, yet new algorithms appear frequently. However, there is no satisfactory methodology for testing such matchers. We propose a testing methodology which is based on generating positive as well as negative examples of words in the language. To this end, we present a new algorithm to generate the language described by a generalized regular expression with intersection and complement operators. The complement operator allows us to generate both positive and negative example words from a given regular expression. We implement our generator in Haskell and OCaml and show that its performance is more than adequate for testing.
Explaining spreadsheets with spreadsheets (short paper)
Authors: Cunha Jácome , Dan Mihai , Erwig Martin , Fedorin Danila , Grejuc Alex
Published: April 2020

Based on the concept of explanation sheets, we present an approach to make spreadsheets easier to understand and thus easier to use and maintain. We identify the notion of explanation soundness and show that explanation sheets which conform to simple rules of formula coverage provide sound explanations. We also present a practical evaluation of explanation sheets based on samples drawn from widely used spreadsheet corpora and based on a small user study.

In addition to supporting spreadsheet understanding and maintenance, our work on explanation sheets has also uncovered several general principles of explanation languages that can help guide the design of explanations for other programming and domain-specific languages.
A practical unification of multi-stage programming and macros
Authors: Stucki Nicolas , Biboudis Aggelos , Odersky Martin
Published: April 2020

Program generation is indispensable. We propose a novel unification of two existing metaprogramming techniques: multi-stage programming and hygienic generative macros. The former supports runtime code generation and execution in a type-safe manner while the latter offers compile-time code generation.

In this work we draw upon a long line of research on metaprogramming, starting with Lisp, MetaML and MetaOCaml. We provide direct support for quotes, splices and top-level splices, all regulated uniformly by a level-counting Phase Consistency Principle. Our design enables the construction and combination of code values for both expressions and types. Moreover, code generation can happen either at runtime à la MetaML or at compile time, in a macro fashion, à la MacroML.

We provide an implementation of our design in Scala and we present two case studies. The first implements the Hidden Markov Model, Shonan Challenge for HPC. The second implements the staged streaming library Strymonas.
Assessment of Genetic Variation in Apis nigrocincta (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Sulawesi Revealed by Partial Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I Gene Sequences
Authors: Lombogia Christian A. , Posangi Jimmy , Pollo Hard N. , Tulung Max , Tallei Trina E.
Published: April 2020

Asian cavity-nesting honey bee Apis nigrocincta, a native bee species from Sulawesi and the Philippines, plays a vital role in pollinating flowering plants in local ecosystem and agriculture. In this study, we assessed the intraspecific genetic variation of A. nigrocincta using the sequence of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). Molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that there were three main clades in A. nigrocincta specimens from Sulawesi based on their respective locations (North, Central, and South Sulawesi). Genetic distance analysis using the Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model showed that the intraspecific genetic distance in Sulawesi specimens ranged from 0.000 to 0.055. There are 26 nucleotide polymorphic sites within Sulawesi A. nigrocincta. The variation was dominated by transition T ↔ C. The molecular identification result was supported by morphological identification. The results of the two methods agree that the specimen under study was A. nigrocincta. The result of genetic distance calculation indicated that although the tested specimens were derived from remote locations, the genetic variation was still within the range of intraspecific variation.
The Use of Generic Medications for Glaucoma
Authors: Tatham Andrew J.
Published: April 2020

The use of generic medicines has grown considerably in recent years providing considerable cost savings. In England, generic items represented 11.7% of prescriptions for glaucoma and ocular hypertension in 2009, increasing to 55.2% of prescriptions in 2018. Generics can be brought to the market quickly and at low cost as manufacturers are not required to repeat animal or clinical research on active ingredients already approved for safety and efficacy. Although there is no regulatory requirement for studies comparing branded and generic eye drops, several randomised crossover studies have been performed comparing branded and generic prostaglandin analogues. While most have shown similar intraocular pressure lowering, studies are of short duration and have not evaluated visual field endpoints. Furthermore, differences in inactive ingredients, pH, viscosity, levels of particulate matter, and degradation over time have been reported. Other potential problems with generic eye drops include differences in bottle design affecting adherence, problems with supply, and the possibility that reduced revenue for innovator companies will lead to reduced investment in new drug development. This article reviews the potential advantages and disadvantages of generic antiglaucoma medications.
Optimizing Long-Term Bank Financial Products Portfolio Problems with a Multiobjective Evolutionary Approach
Authors: Xiong Jian , Zhang Chao , Kou Gang , Wang Rui , Ishibuchi Hisao , Alsaadi Fawaz E.
Published: April 2020

With the development of economy, the requirement of financial planning for individuals or families is emerging. In the era of the Internet, individual investors can conveniently enter the market and purchase financial products. Traditional portfolio management models focus on risky markets such as stock markets. However, risk-averse investors, such as normal families, may concern appropriate long-term financial planning. This paper considers the problem of portfolio management of bank financial products with a long-term planning horizon. By taking into account the final return and the flexibility, a multiobjective model of long-term portfolio is proposed. A multiobjective evolutionary approach is employed for the handling of conflicting objectives. Test instances are generated to illustrate the problem. Experiment results show that the presented algorithm can efficiently find trade-off solutions. Our experimental results also show that crossover probabilities should be separately implemented for long-term portfolio problems with hybrid encoding. Performance comparison of different crossover operators suggest that, for a real-valued encoding part, the simulated binary crossover (SBX) has a better performance than BLX- operator. While for a binary encoding part, a uniform crossover operator might be appropriate for large-scale instances. The proposed multiobjective model in this paper provides risk-averse investors with an appropriate decision support model for the long-term financial planning and management.
Single Solitary Fibrous Tumor Brain Metastasis in a Patient with Simultaneous Adenocarcinoma of the Lung: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kaya Erin A. , Carlson Jonathan D. , Thomas Cheddhi J. , Wagner Aaron E. , Fairbanks Robert K. , Lamoreaux Wayne T. , Lee Christopher M.
Published: April 2020

We present a unique case of a patient simultaneously diagnosed with solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) and unrelated adenocarcinoma of the lung, both proven with separate pathology. It was subsequently found that the SFT had metastasized to the brain by additional pathology, and not the predicted adenocarcinoma. SFTs are a rare mesenchymal neoplasm that accounts for less than 2% of all reported soft tissue tumors. SFTs most commonly arise in the thoracic cavity, but are frequently found in various locations throughout the body, and rarely metastasize to the brain. This case highlights that rare neoplasms, such as SFT, should not be ruled out as a potential cause of metastasis. Due to the rarity of this clinical situation, we also provide a review and discussion of previously reported SFT cases and the use of postoperative radiation therapy. The optimal treatment for individual patients remains unclear in this unique situation. Surgical resection followed by adjuvant Gamma Knife radiation therapy to the surgical bed appears to be a safe option for local treatment of SFT in select patients. Further studies are needed of this rare clinical situation in order to better understand and optimize future treatments for patients with SFT and metastasis to the brain.
Effects of the Characteristics and Duration of Chronic Pain on Psychosomatic Function in the Community-Dwelling Elderly Population
Authors: Hida Mitsumasa , Nakamura Misa , Imaoka Masakazu , Nakao Hidetoshi , Tasaki Fumie , Omizu Tomoko , Takeda Masatoshi , Ohnishi Tadasuke , Wada Chikamune
Published: April 2020

Catastrophic thinking is related to pain intensity and the degree of disability and influences pain care significantly. However, only few studies have investigated the impact of catastrophic thinking on chronic pain (CP) in the community-dwelling elderly population. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of CP in the community-dwelling elderly population and to investigate the effects of different periods of CP on cognitive and psychological functions. A total of 187 community-dwelling elderly people met the inclusion criteria and were included in this cross-sectional study. The survey items included demographic data (age and gender), pain-related questionnaires, psychological and cognitive functions, and sleep status. The duration of CP was investigated using three categories: no pain and pain for ≤1 year and ≥1 year. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors most strongly associated with the presence of CP. The difference in each assessment was compared according to duration of CP among the three groups and analyzed using the chi-square test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and one-way analysis of variance. The PCS scores and depression scores were significantly higher in long duration of CP compared with no pain and pain for ≤1 year. The present study is consistent with the fear-avoidance model and was concluded that community-dwelling elderly people with CP are depressive and tend to magnify their pain with long duration of CP.
Long-Term Use of Ruxolitinib in an AML Patient with Posttransplant Steroid Refractory GVHD
Authors: Sobash Philip T. , Guddati Achuta K. , Kota Vamsi
Published: April 2020

Ruxolitinib has become a new therapeutic option for steroid refractory graft-versus-host disease (srGVHD), with a substantial remission rate. Its anti-inflammatory properties by blocking interleukin pathways have made it a novel therapeutic approach to inflammatory disease processes, such as GVHD. The long-term use of ruxolitinib has not been explicitly studied outside the context in the treatment of multiple myeloma. With current clinical trials underway for the use of ruxolitinib in srGVHD, there are still no current guidelines or protocols for long-term clinical use. Of the available literature showing ruxolitinib utilization for srGVHD, most cases lead to resolution and eventual discontinuation. We present a case of a 32-year-old male on ruxolitinib with GVHD status postmatched unrelated donor stem cell transplant (MUD SCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with FLT3 mutation currently on ruxolitinib for 5 years who is not able to tolerate reduction in dosage due to flare-ups. We discuss the clinical implications and nuance of therapy with ruxolitinib with unknown long-term effects and weigh the risks and benefits.
Numerical Modeling on Anisotropy of Seepage and Stress Fields of Stratified Rock Slope
Authors: Liu Honglei , Shi Wenhao , Yang Tianhong
Published: April 2020

Stratified rock mass is a common rock mass structure and distributed widely on the earth’s crust. High-density distribution of stratified structural planes in the stratified rock mass has a great influence on the mechanics properties of the rock mass, such as anisotropy of stress and seepage. Therefore, anisotropy is the inherent characteristic that must be considered in the stratified rock mass as well as the stratified rock slope stability. According to the anisotropic characteristics of stratified rock mass, an anisotropic seepage-stress coupled model for the mechanical behavior of stratified rock slope is proposed based on the anisotropy elasticity theory. The model is validated by simulating seepage and stress fields of an idealized slope using the finite element method. The deformation and stress-dependent permeability of the slope are predicted and compared well with the previous study, thus confirming its capability in characterizing the response of rock slope that is dominantly affected by rock anisotropy. Finally, the model is used to simulate the anisotropic properties of a stratified rock slope of Fushun west open-pit mine, China. The simulation is in good agreement with the actual measurement, which means the proposed model is capable of simulating anisotropic properties of the stratified rock slope.
Improvement of Bread Quality by Adding Wheat Germ Fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1
Authors: Zhao Yansheng , Zhang Jiayan , Wei Yixing , Ai Lianzhong , Ying Dong , Xiao Xiang
Published: April 2020

Fermentation has been considered as an effective way to improve the nutritional and sensory quality of food materials. In this paper, fermented wheat germ (FWG) was prepared by fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1 and added as an ingredient in bread making for nutrition and quality improvement. The amounts ranged from 1 % to 6 % of FWG were added into ingredients for bread making, the similar amounts of raw wheat germ (RWG) were used as control, and the wheat flour without germ addition was used as blank. Then, bread quality was evaluated through nutrition, texture, and flavor analyses. The results showed that 4% of FWG addition had the ability to increase the specific volume, slow down the aging process, and improve the color and luster of bread. A significant increase in free amino acid content was observed in the FWG bread, which could be helpful to enrich the flavor substances in bread. The flavor analysis of bread showed that more volatile compounds mainly alcohols and aldehydes were present in FWG bread compared with RWG bread. In the fermentation process, the pH value was decreased and the total titratable acidity (TTA) was enhanced to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Therefore, the addition of FWG could not only enhance its nutritional properties, but also improve the flavor, quality, and structural features of bread. Moreover, it exhibited a good availability to extend the shelf life of bread.
An Extended Bond-Based Peridynamic Approach for Analysis on Fracture in Brittle Materials
Authors: Li Shuang , Jin Yanli , Huang Xiaohua , Zhai Lianjun
Published: April 2020

To enhance the calculation accuracy of bond-based peridynamics (BPD), a novel attenuation function is introduced to describe the effect of internal length on nonlocal long-range forces. Furthermore, the expression of the micromodulus function is deduced, and the corresponding fracture criteria are established. The validity and accuracy of the extended bond-based peridynamic approach are illustrated by three numerical examples: 2D isotropic plate under uniaxial loading; plate with a circular cutout under quasi-static loading; and a diagonally loaded square plate with a center pre-existing crack. Finally, the influence of the width and the angle of the pre-existing crack on the fracture initiation time and the crack propagation paths are studied by applying the proposed approach.
Zigzag Dissociation Mode of 〈c + a〉 Dislocations on the 1011¯  Plane in Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Sun Hao , Ding Zhigang , Li Shuang , Zhang Xinping , Lavernia Enrique J. , Liu Wei
Published: April 2020

Fundamental understanding of the dissociation mode of 〈c + a〉 dislocations on the plane is required before the goal of improving the ductility of Mg alloys attained. In this study, our density‐functional theory calculations reveal that the atoms in the plane slip along a zigzag trace through a low‐energy pathway. We thus propose a novel zigzag dissociation mode based on this slip trace. In particular, the shuffling motion of atoms is observed at the position of stable stacking fault, which is closely related to the c/a ratio of the hexagonal closed‐packed lattices.
Expanding Primary Care to Pharmaceutical Patient Care in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 through the European Union’s Community Pharmacies, between 2008 and 2018: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pizarro Ângela Maria Vilaça Pereira de Araújo , Martins Maria Rosário O. , Simões Jorge Almeida
Published: April 2020

Background: The analysis of the European Union (EU28) health systems’ intervention for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) reports an insufficient combination of legal support, prevention, and early diagnosis. This fact compromises the patient’s health outcomes. The inclusion of pharmacy services oriented to T2DM (PS-T2DM) in strategic primary care network’s programs could be a solution. However, the different regulatory frameworks that include good pharmaceutical practices and clinical guidelines for T2DM in each EU28 country may be a limitation. Health systems need to know the evolution of these community services and to analyze their operational and regulatory base, both in time and space. Methods: A systematic review was carried out on a qualitative and quantitative approach to the expansion and upgrading of PS-T2DM provided in EU28 pharmacies between 2008 and 2018. Results: The implementation of PS-T2DM in EU28 has increased sharply since 2009 and 2010. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is regulated in 5 countries (Bulgaria, Spain, Italy, Lithuania, and Portugal) and T2DM in 3 (Austria, Latvia, and Romania). Also, in 3 countries (Latvia, Poland, and Spain), pharmacists are involved in implementing guidelines for DM and T2DM, but there is no evidence on the regulation of PS-T2DM. Twenty-two countries showed detailed studies for the PS-T2DM’s provision. The type of PS-T2DM implemented in the highest number of EU28 countries was “promoting the rational use of medicines,” and the specific subtype T2DM-related more commonly reported was the “glucose measurement.” Discussion/Conclusion: Pharmacy disease-oriented services contributed to improving the accessibility, proximity, and equity of primary care for T2DM provided in community pharmacies across the EU28 in recent decades. This promising strategy for improving health outcome sets may be a call to the action of health systems due to its impact consistent with some objectives of universal health coverage for the eradication of DM and T2DM.
ІСТОРИЧНА РЕТРОСПЕКТИВА І ПЕРСПЕКТИВА РАБІЧНОЇ ІНФЕКЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Oleksenko O. V.
Published: April 2020

Метою роботи є виявлення закономірностей і особливостей перебігу епідемічного та епізоотичного процесу рабічної інфекції в Україні, дослідження рушійних сил і факторів, що обумовлюють активізацію захворюваності, для вироблення адекватних заходів боротьби та профілактики.

Проведено епідеміологічний аналіз захворюваності на сказ в Україні. Розглянута епізоотологія рабічної інфекції в історичному контексті. Висвітлена роль диких тварин у поширенні вірусу сказу. Розглянута екологія природного і антропургічного сказу та продемонстровано поширення цієї інфекції на території країни.
ПРІОРИТЕТНІ НАПРЯМКИ РОЗВИТКУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТСЬКИХ КЛІНІК
Authors: Chopchik V. D.
Published: April 2020

Мета: здійснити медико-соціальне обґрунтування пріоритетних напрямків розвитку університетських клінік за нових економічних умов.

Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні використано методи системного підходу та аналізу, інформаційно-аналітичний, соціологічний та медико-статистичний методи. Інформаційною базою для формування пріоритетних напрямків розвитку університетських клінік є наукові роботи вітчизняних і зарубіжних спеціалістів із державно-приватного партнерства і менеджменту, а також результати власних соціологічних досліджень, проведених за спеціально розробленою програмою у 2018–2019 рр. на базі Стоматологічного медичного центру Національного медичного університету імені О. О. Богомольця, які охопили 407 пацієнтів та  109 лікарів центру.

Результати. У роботі обґрунтовано пріоритетні напрямки розвитку університетських клінік на основі запрова­дження механізмів державно-приватного партнерства. Використання переваг співпраці держави і приватного бізнесу є важливою умовою організації сучасної моделі університетської клініки. Державно-приватне партнерство становить основу для формування юридично і господарсько самостійних клінічних університетських баз з ефективною технологією лікувального та педагогічного процесу, системою управління і підготовки кадрів.

Державно-приватне партнерство дозволяє наростити інвестиційний потік для медичних університетських клінік, створити умови для використання приватної підприємницької ініціативи, забезпечити більшу ресурсну мобільність, адаптацію до зміни умов функціонування клінік, а також економічну стійкість клінічної університетської бази.

Висновки. Результати дослідження засвідчили неадаптованість діючої моделі університетських клінік до нових економічних умов та необхідність розробки сучасних організаційно-правових засад для створення університетських клінік на принципах державно-приватного партнерства.
Los silicofitolitos y gránulos de almidón en cálculos dentales provenientes de contextos funerarios en Chayhuacan, complejo arqueológico Chan Chan
Authors: Correa Trigoso Denis Elvis
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo expone los resultados de la identificación de silicofitolitos (fitolitos de sílice) y gránulos de almidón presentes en el sarro dental proveniente de contextos funerarios registrados en el Conjunto Amurallado Chayhuac An. El problema de investigación se encuentra asociado a determinar la dieta de los individuos registrados y el medioambiente donde se desarrollan las especies vegetales identificadas. La metodología para el análisis de los silicofitolitos y gránulos de almidón fue la disgregación del cálculo dental y la eliminación de materia orgánica, con la finalidad de aislar los microrestos para ser analizados según su morfología e identificarlos taxonómicamente. Se logró establecer que parte de la dieta se basa en el consumo de 12 tipos de vegetales cuya finalidad no fue solamente alimenticia sino también medicinal y, considerando el medioambiente en cual se desarrollaron, se define que su presencia en la Chan Chan estaría vinculada con la producción agrícola local y las redes de intercambio con sociedades del oriente del Perú.
Tradições arqueológicas ceramistas de dois povos Jê: Kayapó meridional e Kaingang da região centro norte de São Paulo
Authors: Alves Márcia Angelina
Published: April 2020

Este artigo aborda a questão da homogeneização cultural das tradições ceramistas Aratu-Sapucaí e da Neobrasileira relacionada à variabilidade de enterramentos, formas e de decoração incisa em vasilhames cerâmicos diante de contextos arqueológicos evidenciados por projetos acadêmicos em regiões ocupadas por povos do tronco linguístico Macro-Jê: Kayapó meridional no extremo oeste de Minas Gerais e, Kaingang, na região centro norte de São Paulo.
Effect of Lesion Complexity and Clinical Risk Factors on the Efficacy and Safety of Dabigatran Dual Therapy Versus Warfarin Triple Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Berry Natalia C. , Mauri Laura , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Bhatt Deepak L. , Hohnloser Stefan H. , Nordaby Matias , Miede Corinna , Kimura Takeshi , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Oldgren Jonas , ten Berg Jurriën M. , Cannon Christopher P. ,   on behalf of the REDUAL PCI Steering Committee and Investigators
Published: April 2020

Background:

The REDUAL PCI trial (Evaluation of Dual Therapy With Dabigatran vs Triple Therapy With Warfarin in Patients With AF That Undergo a PCI With Stenting) demonstrated that, in patients with atrial fibrillation following percutaneous coronary intervention, bleeding risk was lower with dabigatran plus clopidogrel or ticagrelor (dual therapy) than warfarin plus clopidogrel or ticagrelor and aspirin (triple therapy). Dual therapy was noninferior for risk of thromboembolic events. Whether these results apply equally to patients at higher risk of ischemic events due to lesion complexity or clinical risk factors is unclear.

Methods:

The primary end point was time to first major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding event. The composite efficacy end point was death, thromboembolic event, or unplanned revascularization. Our prespecified subgroup analysis categorized patients by presence of procedural complexity and/or clinical complexity factors at baseline. A modified dual antiplatelet therapy score categorized patients according to degree of clinical risk.

Results:

Of 2725 patients, 43.1% had clinical complexity factors alone, 9.9% procedural factors alone, 10.0% both, and 37.0% neither. Risk of the primary bleeding end point was lower in both dabigatran dual therapy groups than warfarin triple therapy groups, regardless of procedural and/or clinical lesion complexity (interaction
P
values: 0.90 and 0.37, respectively). Importantly, a similar risk of the efficacy end point was observed between dabigatran dual and warfarin triple therapy, regardless of the presence of clinical or procedural complexity factors (interaction
P
values: 0.67 and 0.54, dabigatran 110 and 150 mg dual therapy, respectively). Similar benefit was seen for each dose of dabigatran dual therapy for bleeding events regardless of dual antiplatelet therapy score (interaction
P
values: 0.53 and 0.54, respectively), with similar risk of thromboembolic events (interaction
P
values: 0.20 and 0.08, respectively).

Conclusions:

In patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, dabigatran 110 and 150 mg dual therapy reduced bleeding risk compared with warfarin triple therapy, with a similar risk of thromboembolic outcomes, irrespective of procedural and/or clinical complexity and modified dual antiplatelet therapy score.

Registration:

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/
; Unique identifier: NCT02164864.
Atrial Fibrillation Risk and Discrimination of Cardioembolic From Noncardioembolic Stroke
Authors: Khurshid Shaan , Trinquart Ludovic , Weng Lu-Chen , Hulme Olivia L. , Guan Wyliena , Ko Darae , Schwab Kristin , Rost Natalia S. , Al-Alusi Mostafa A. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Anderson Christopher D. , Lubitz Steven A.
Published: April 2020

Background and Purpose—

Classification of stroke as cardioembolic in etiology can be challenging, particularly since the predominant cause, atrial fibrillation (AF), may not be present at the time of stroke. Efficient tools that discriminate cardioembolic from noncardioembolic strokes may improve care as anticoagulation is frequently indicated after cardioembolism. We sought to assess and quantify the discriminative power of AF risk as a classifier for cardioembolism in a real-world population of patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—

We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a multi-institutional sample of patients with acute ischemic stroke. We systematically adjudicated stroke subtype and examined associations between AF risk using CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc, Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology-AF score, and the recently developed Electronic Health Record–Based AF score, and cardioembolic stroke using logistic regression. We compared the ability of AF risk to discriminate cardioembolism by calculating C statistics and sensitivity/specificity cutoffs for cardioembolic stroke.

Results—

Of 1431 individuals with ischemic stroke (age, 65±15; 40% women), 323 (22.6%) had cardioembolism. AF risk was significantly associated with cardioembolism (CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc: odds ratio [OR] per SD, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.49–1.93]; Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology-AF score: OR, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.90–2.60]; electronic Health Record–Based AF: OR, 2.55 [95% CI, 2.16–3.04]). Discrimination was greater for Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology-AF score (C index, 0.695 [95% CI, 0.663–0.726]) and Electronic Health Record–Based AF score (0.713 [95% CI, 0.681–0.744]) versus CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc (C index, 0.651 [95% CI, 0.619–0.683]). Examination of AF scores across a range of thresholds indicated that AF risk may facilitate identification of individuals at low likelihood of cardioembolism (eg, negative likelihood ratios for Electronic Health Record–Based AF score ranged 0.31–0.10 at sensitivity thresholds 0.90–0.99).

Conclusions—

AF risk scores associate with cardioembolic stroke and exhibit moderate discrimination. Utilization of AF risk scores at the time of stroke may be most useful for identifying individuals at low probability of cardioembolism. Future analyses are warranted to assess whether stroke subtype classification can be enhanced to improve outcomes in undifferentiated stroke.
Ancistrothyrsus scopae (Passifloraceae), a new species from Amazonian Brazil and Guyana, with keys to the genus and species

Authors: FEUILLET CHRISTIAN
Published: April 2020

A third species is described in Ancistrothyrsus (Passifloraceae) from Amazonas (Brazil) and Guyana. The new species, A. scopae, is characterized by young stem trichomes of two kinds, the longer ones being up to 5 mm long and branched like bottlebrushes. The two previously described species do not have bottlebrush trichomes. A key to the South American genera of tribe Passifloraceae s. str. and a key to the species of Ancistrothyrsus are presented.
Taxonomic revision of the genus Lycenchelys (Osteichthyes: Zoarcidae) in Japanese waters
Authors: KAWARADA SHUMPEI , IMAMURA HISASHI , NARIMATSU YOJI , SHINOHARA GENTO
Published: April 2020

Eelpout species of the genus Lycenchelys Gill, 1884 recorded from Japanese waters are taxonomically revised. This study recognizes the following 11 species from Japanese waters as valid: Lycenchelys albomaculata Toyoshima, 1983, Lycenchelys aurantiaca Shinohara & Matsuura, 1998, Lycenchelys hippopotamus Schmidt, 1950, Lycenchelys maculata Toyoshima, 1985, Lycenchelys makushok Fedorov & Andriashev, 1993, Lycenchelys melanostomias Toyoshima, 1983, Lycenchelys rassi Andriashev, 1955, Lycenchelys remissaria Fedorov, 1995, Lycenchelys ryukyuensis Shinohara & Anderson, 2007, Lycenchelys squamosa Toyoshima, 1983 and Lycenchelys tohokuensis Anderson & Imamura, 2002. We redescribe species in detail based on type specimens as well as additional specimens in many cases. The synonymy of Lycenchelys brevimaxillaris Toyoshima, 1985 with L. melanostomias is supported in this study. Sexual dimorphism and changes with growth are revealed in L. albomaculata, L. aurantiaca, L. hippopotamus, L. makushok, L. melanostomias and L. rassi, all based on 10 or more specimens, for relative head length, head width, and upper and lower jaw lengths. In addition, we also found that the sizes at which sexual dimorphism can be recognized, and the tendencies for change with growth, differ among species. Furthermore, the dimorphism in head length is influenced by the snout length, eye diameter and/or postorbital length in L. albomaculata and L. aurantiaca.