bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the ability to derive rates of polar middle-atmospheric descent using trace gas measurements from remote sensors
Authors: Ryan Niall J. , Kinnison Douglas E. , Garcia Rolando R. , Raffalski Uwe , Palm Mathias , Notholt Justus
Published: June 2017

Abstract. We investigate the reliability of using trace gas measurements from remote sensing instruments to infer polar atmospheric descent rates during winter. Using output from the Specified Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (SD-WACCM) between 2008 and 2014, tendencies of carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations are used to assess a common assumption of dominant vertical advection of tracers during polar winter. The results show that dynamical processes other than vertical advection are not negligible, meaning that the transport rates derived from trace gas measurements do not represent the mean descent of the atmosphere. The relative importance of vertical advection is lessened during periods directly before and after a sudden stratospheric warming. It was also found that CO chemistry cannot be ignored in the mesosphere due to the night-time layer of OH at approximately 80 km altitude. CO concentration data from the Kiruna Microwave Radiometer and the Microwave Limb Sounder are used in combination with the modelled CO tendencies to estimate errors involved in calculating the mean descent of the atmosphere from remote sensing measurements. The results indicate errors on the same scale as the calculated descent rates, and often a misinterpretation of the direction of air motion. We suggest an alternative definition of the rate calculated using remote sensing measurements: not as the mean descent of the atmosphere, but as an effective rate of vertical transport for the trace gas under observation.
Honduras: ante un panorama económico por ordenar
Authors: Flores Silva Jorge
Published: June 2017

Al iniciar el año 2010 e instalarse el nuevo gobierno, el país se encontraba en estado de insolvencia económica a juzgar por las declaraciones de los principales responsables de los organismos de conducción económica, tanto de la administración anterior como de la nueva gestión administrativa. Los compromisos de corto y mediano plazo superan los recursos disponibles. Sumado a esto, las recaudaciones son bajas y el pago de sueldos y salarios absorbe la mayor parte de las disponibilidades. Con el agravante de la caída de los flujos como resultado de la suspensión de la colaboración por parte de la comunidad internacional, a raíz de la crisis política generada por los acontecimientos que terminaron con la gestión del entonces gobernante Manuel Zelaya Rosales.A esto hay que agregar como lo indica J.L. Martínez y S. Morales (2004) “algunos de los… …obstáculos que han limitado el logro de mejores resultados en la economía nacional en los últimos tiempos:La carencia de una disciplina fiscal en la gestión pública.El agravamiento en la brecha social y la vulnerabilidad de los sectores sociales, que demandan mayores cantidades de recursos para su atención.La persistencia de una inestabilidad en el nivel de los precios, que socava las posibilidades de crecimiento real.Los bajos niveles de productividad de la economía nacional.La dependencia de la economía hondureña de productos primarios de escasa incidencia en el mercado externo y en el nivel de precios internacionales.La recurrencia de fenómenos naturales, que han provocado destrucción y desabastecimiento, incidencia de epidemias, etc.La fuerte recesión económica que ha afectado al mundo desarrollado en los últimos años ha repercutido negativamente en las finanzas públicas y de las empresas, limitándose, con ello, los impuestos que de ella se derivan.
Global mobility in nursing: Why Chinese students leave to study nursing in Australia
Authors: Wang Carol Chunfeng , Whitehead Lisa , Bayes Sara
Published: June 2017

Objective: The world-wide demand for skilled Registered Nurses is high, and understanding the reasons why Chinese students leave home to study nursing in Australia is important for institutions, policy makers, and nursing administrators in both China and Australia. This paper explores the factors shaping the decision of six Chinese students to study nursing in Australia and their preference to eventually live and work either in China or Australia.Methods: A three-dimensional space narrative structure approach was used for this study. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with six Chinese nursing students whom were studying nursing at universities in Western Australia.Results: Findings revealed that the most important factor that influenced Chinese students’ decision to study nursing in Australia was the possibility for permanent residency.Conclusions: Insights gained from the study are important for a myriad of factors including international nursing relocation, developments in networking and healthcare, and capitalising in education from a global perspective.
Effect of Bartonella spp. on the Freezing Tolerance in Female Ixodes scapularis
Authors: Curry Emily , Nabbout Amal El , Kho James , D Entremont Kyle , Jacks Frederica , Rossolimo Tatiana
Published: June 2017

The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of Bartonella spp. on the freezing tolerance of engorged and non-engorged female Ixodes scapularis (Say). Bartonella is a genus of pathogenic vector-transmitted gram-negative bacteria, implicated in zoonotic disease transmission. I. scapularis ticks collected throughout Nova Scotia, Canada underwent freezing tolerance testing. DNA extraction, PCR and gel electrophoresis were then conducted to determine the presence and prevalence of Bartonella spp. in the experimental population. The experimental results demonstrated that the changes in the freezing tolerance as a result of the presence of Bartonella spp. were not statistically significant. The infection rate observed in the experimental population was 58.61%; this was significantly higher comparable to the infection rate found in earlier research. It was concluded that Bartonella spp. had no altering physiological effect on Ixodes scapularis.
Dispute resolution and conflict management in Germany
Authors: Hartog Stefanie , Hammes Michael
Published: June 2017

Dispute resolution and conflict management in Germany

Despite the positive development of the European Mediation Directive and its translation in the German Mediation Law, in 2014 only 1.5% of the cases in court proceedings at the lower German courts were referred to court mandated conciliation or mediation proceedings. Against this background and in the context of a broader ten years research project, PricewaterhouseCoopers and the Institute of Conflict Management at the European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) initiated a series of studies in 2005. This series was recently concluded with the fifth study conducted end of 2015 and published in October 2016. In addition to assessing the overall corporate landscape in Germany with regard to commercial dispute resolution, the study also considered the future developments and the required changes for further advancing this field.
A Indústria de Confecção do Vestuário de Pato Branco: Aspectos de Gestão, Design, Caracterização de Matérias-Primas e Geração de Resíduos Têxteis
Authors:   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Mesacasa Andréia , Cunha Mario Antônio Alves da ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Published: June 2017

Esta pesquisa possui como foco a indústria de confecção do vestuário no município de Pato branco, evidenciando aspectos relativos à gestão, design, caracterização de matérias-primas e geração de resíduos. No presente estudo foi realizado um diagnóstico junto às empresas, com o intuito de obter informações referentes aos perfis das mesmas, destacando as formas de gestão, design e desenvolvimento de produto, matérias-primas utilizadas e geração de resíduos têxteis. Tais empresas caracterizam-se como empreendimentos de micro e pequeno porte, atuando em diferentes segmentos de mercado, com forte tendência a produção de uniformes profissionais. Em consequência disso, grande parte dos resíduos gerados é constituída por retalhos de malha. Neste sentido, uma alternativa para o reaproveitamento destes resíduos poderia contribuir tanto do ponto de vista ambiental por meio de um melhor direcionamento destes, como economicamente, uma vez que poderiam ser voltados para a produção de produtos de maior valor agregado.
DÉVELOPPEMENT COGNITIF DES ENFANTS ÉPILEPTIQUES : CONTRIBUTION DU STRESS
Authors: Thébault-Dagher Fanny , Carmant Lionel , Gravel Jocelyn , Lupien Sonia , Herba Catherine , Lippé Sarah
Published: June 2017

L’épilepsie est un désordre neurologique souvent infantile associé à des comorbidités qui impliquent des troubles cognitifs. Depuis quelques années, les études des chercheurs suggèrent que la qualité de vie des personnes atteintes d’épilepsie est plus sévèrement impactée par les comorbidités associées à la maladie que par les crises. Il importe donc de diminuer la sévérité des troubles cognitifs chez les personnes épileptiques. Dans cet article, nous relevons les hypothèses de la littérature actuelle qui stipulent que le stress pourrait être un facteur affectant négativement le développement cognitif des enfants épileptiques. Ainsi, nous décrivons les atteintes neuropsychologiques inhérentes aux syndromes convulsifs, la relation biologique du stress et la relation entre le stress et les syndromes convulsifs. Deux modes d’action, évoqués par les chercheurs, par lesquels le stress serait un facteur aggravant les comorbidités des personnes qui présentent un syndrome convulsif seront aussi décrits.
UNE PERSPECIVE ÉVOLUTIONNISTE DU BONHEUR
Authors: Hill Sarah E. , DelPriore Danielle J. , Bourassa Hélène
Published: June 2017

La psychologie évolutionniste a fourni un apport considérable à plusieurs secteurs de recherche en psychologie, incluant la science du bonheur. Certains obstacles à l’atteinte du bonheur sont identifiés : une discordance entre environnements ancestraux et modernes ainsi que des mécanismes psychologiques façonnés par la sélection qui induisent des affects négatifs (par exemple, la jalousie). Par ailleurs, d’autres facteurs psychologiques semblent servir à l’élaboration d’une récompense psychologique, indiquant qu’un problème d’adaptation est ou sera résolu de façon satisfaisante. Finalement, des suggestions sont proposées pour promouvoir les affects positifs et pour favoriser la recherche dans une perspective évolutionniste.
Un programme innovateur de promotion du bien-être psychologique POUR des personnes Âgées dépressives
Authors: Lapierre Sylvie , Marcoux Lyson , Desjardins Sophie , Dubé Micheline , Cantinotti Michael , Miquelon Paule , Boyer Richard , Alain Michel , Duchesne-Beauchamp Marjorie
Published: June 2017

La recherche dans le domaine de la motivation a démontré que la présence de buts personnels est associée au bien-être psychologique (BEP). Un programme de 14 semaines conçu pour aider les participants à réaliser leurs projets a été offert à des personnes âgées (≥ 65 ans) dépressives (BDI-II ≥ 9; M = 22,05) afin d’améliorer leur BEP. Les niveaux de BEP, de dépression et d’anxiété des personnes qui ont participé au programme (n = 24) ont été comparés à ceux d’un groupe contrôle (n = 18). Les analyses ont montré que les participants au programme se sont améliorés significativement sur la plupart des indicateurs de BEP, incluant la dépression, ce qui semble indiquer qu’un programme de gestion des buts pourrait être une manière innovatrice de promouvoir la santé mentale des aînés dépressifs. Toutefois, l’amélioration est observée uniquement pour la sérénité et le sens à la vie dans les analyses comparatives avec le groupe contrôle. Les études ultérieures devraient tenter de développer des programmes de promotion de la santé mentale qui offrent aux individus des moyens d’atteindre un état de fonctionnement optimal.
LE BONHEUR, BUT DES POLITIQUES PUBLIQUES?
Authors: Oishi Shigehiro , Diener Ed , Bouffard Léandre
Published: June 2017

Cet article présente une synthèse des recherches sur le bonheur relativement aux politiques publiques et démontre que le bonheur autorapporté peut être utilisé pour évaluer ces politiques. Le bien-être déclaré traduit plutôt bien les conditions sociales et économiques objectives et permet de quantifier la souffrance des gens. Des résultats démontrent que certaines politiques sociales (des prestations d’assurance-chômage généreuses, l’égalité des revenus ou l’imposition fiscale progressive du revenu, par exemple) sont associées positivement au bien-être autorapporté, tandis que d’autres (comme un pourcentage élevé du PIB en dépenses gouvernementales) ne le sont pas. De la même manière que l’évaluation régulière des activités économiques jauge l’efficacité de certaines politiques et du bien-être économique des individus, l’évaluation périodique du bien-être autorapporté des citoyens permet de jauger l’efficacité de politiques spécifiques ainsi que le bien-être psychologique des individus et de la société en général.
ÉVALUATION DE LA MENTALISATION CHEZ LE PARENT ET SON ENFANT 18 MOIS ET 11 ANS APRÈS UNE NAISSANCE PRÉMATURÉE
Authors: Borghini Ayala , Faure Noémie , Turpin Hélène , Dimitrova Nevena , Muller-Nix Carole , Morisod-Harari Mathilde
Published: June 2017

Suite à une naissance prématurée, les parents vivent un stress parfois intense et l’enfant expérimente un début de vie particulier où les contacts corporels proches sont quelque peu entravés. Ces éléments peuvent marquer la mise en place de la régulation émotionnelle chez le petit enfant. Les capacités de mentalisation s’ancrent au moins en partie sur ces capacités de régulation émotionnelle qui se construisent dans la relation à l’autre et l’on peut faire l’hypothèse que la prématurité peut marquer les capacités de mentalisation du parent comme de l’enfant et ceci même chez des enfants nés très prématurément exempts de séquelles. C’est ce qu’a voulu mettre en évidence l’étude présentée ici. A partir des entretiens d’attachement réalisés 18 mois puis 11 ans après la naissance, cette étude montre comment la naissance d’un grand prématuré (≤ à 32 semaines de gestation) peut affecter les capacités de mentalisation d’une dyade mère-enfant confrontée à cet événement périnatal.
L’alliance thérapeutique lors d’une télépsychothérapie PAR VIDÉOCONFÉRENCE pour un trouble DU SPECTRE anxieux : Recension systématique deS ÉCRITS
Authors: Watts Stéphanie , Marchand André , Bouchard Stéphane , Bombardier Mélyane
Published: June 2017

La présente recension des écrits a pour objectif d’évaluer s’il est possible de développer une alliance thérapeutique (AT) de qualité au cours d’une intervention psychologique individuelle administrée par vidéoconférence pour un trouble du spectre anxieux. Dix études sont recensées. Les résultats indiquent qu’une AT de qualité peut se construire lors d’une télépsychothérapie pour un trouble du spectre anxieux. Toutefois, davantage d’études se doivent d’être menées afin d’apporter un appui empirique supplémentaire à la question. Une meilleure compréhension des conditions pouvant favoriser l’établissement d’une relation thérapeutique à distance se doit également d’être visée afin d’orienter les professionnels de la santé vers une utilisation judicieuse de cette modalité d’intervention novatrice.
Structural flexibility of human α‐dystroglycan
Authors: Covaceuszach Sonia , Bozzi Manuela , Bigotti Maria Giulia , Sciandra Francesca , Konarev Petr Valeryevich , Brancaccio Andrea , Cassetta Alberto
Published: June 2017

Dystroglycan (DG), composed of α and β subunits, belongs to the dystrophin‐associated glycoprotein complex. α‐DGis an extracellular matrix protein that undergoes a complex post‐translational glycosylation process. The bifunctional glycosyltransferase like‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE) plays a crucial role in the maturation of α‐DG, enabling its binding to laminin. We have already structurally analyzed the N‐terminal region of murine α‐DG (α‐DG‐Nt) and of a pathological single point mutant that may affect recognition of LARGE, although the structural features of the potential interaction betweenLARGEandDGremain elusive. We now report on the crystal structure of the wild‐type human α‐DG‐Nt that has allowed us to assess the reliability of our murine crystallographic structure as a α‐DG‐Nt general model. Moreover, we address for the first time both structures in solution. Interestingly, small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) reveals the existence of two main protein conformations ensembles. The predominant species is reminiscent of the crystal structure, while the less populated one assumes a more extended fold. A comparative analysis of the human and murine α‐DG‐Nt solution structures reveals that the two proteins share a common interdomain flexibility and population distribution of the two conformers. This is confirmed by the very similar stability displayed by the two orthologs as assessed by biochemical and biophysical experiments. These results highlight the need to take into account the molecular plasticity of α‐DG‐Nt in solution, as it can play an important role in the functional interactions with other binding partners.
The object of my aggression: Sexual objectification increases physical aggression toward women
Authors: Vasquez Eduardo A. , Ball Louisa , Loughnan Steve , Pina Afroditi
Published: June 2017

Objectification involves reducing someone to a sexual object, rather than seeing them as a full person. Despite numerous theoretical claims that people are more aggressive toward the objectified, and empirical evidence that objectification is linked to high willingness to aggress, rape proclivity, and aggressive attitudes, no research has examined a causal link between objectification and physical aggression, particularly in the context of provocation. In two experiments, we examined this predicted link. In Experiment 1, using a 2 (objectification: no/yes) × 2 (provocation: no/yes) factorial between‐subjects design, we investigated the effects of objectification, induced via body focus during a face‐to‐face interaction, and provocation on physical aggression toward a female confederate. Our results revealed a significant main effect of provocation, a marginal main effect of objectification, and a significant interaction between these variables. In the absence of a provocation, focusing on a woman's body increased aggression toward her. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1 using a video of a target woman instead of a face‐to‐face interaction. Again, our results showed a significant two‐way interaction between objectification and provocation, wherein objectification increased aggression in the absence of provocation. Overall, this research indicates that objectification can lead to heightened physical aggression toward objectified women.
Selective Growth of Metal‐Free Metallic and Semiconducting Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Lili , Sun Dong‐Ming , Hou Peng‐Xiang , Liu Chang , Liu Tianyuan , Wen Jianfeng , Tang Nujiang , Luan Jian , Shi Chao , Li Jin‐Cheng , Cong Hong‐Tao , Cheng Hui‐Ming
Published: June 2017

A major obstacle for the use of single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in electronic devices is their mixture of different types of electrical conductivity that strongly depends on their helical structure. The existence of metal impurities as a residue of a metallic growth catalyst may also lower the performance of SWCNT‐based devices. Here, it is shown that by using silicon oxide (SiOx) nanoparticles as a catalyst, metal‐free semiconducting and metallic SWCNTs can be selectively synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition of ethanol. It is found that control over the nanoparticle size and the content of oxygen in the SiOx catalyst plays a key role in the selective growth of SWCNTs. Furthermore, by using the as‐grown semiconducting and metallic SWCNTs as the channel material and source/drain electrodes, respectively, all‐SWCNT thin‐film transistors are fabricated to demonstrate the remarkable potential of these SWCNTs for electronic devices.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Bernal‐Stacked Graphene on a Cu Surface by Breaking the Carbon Solubility Symmetry in Cu Foils
Authors: Yoo Min Seok , Lee Hyo Chan , Lee Siyoung , Lee Seon Baek , Lee Nam‐Suk , Cho Kilwon
Published: June 2017

The synthesis of Bernal‐stacked multilayer graphene over large areas is intensively investigated due to the value of this material's tunable electronic structure, which makes it promising for use in a wide range of optoelectronic applications. Multilayer graphene is typically formed via chemical vapor deposition onto a metal catalyst, such as Ni, a Cu–Ni alloy, or a Cu pocket. These methods, however, require sophisticated control over the process parameters, which limits the process reproducibility and reliability. Here, a new synthetic method for the facile growth of large‐area Bernal‐stacked multilayer graphene with precise layer control is proposed. A thin Ni film is deposited onto the back side of a Cu foil to induce controlled diffusion of carbon atoms through bulk Cu from the back to the front. The resulting multilayer graphene exhibits a 97% uniformity and a sheet resistance of 50 Ω sq−1 with a 90% transmittance after doping. The growth mechanism is elucidated and a generalized kinetic model is developed to describe Bernal‐stacked multilayer graphene growth by the carbon atoms diffused through bulk Cu.
Geographic substructure in craniometric estimates of admixture for contemporary American populations
Authors: Algee‐Hewitt Bridget F. B.
Published: June 2017

Objectives

This study investigates heterogeneity in craniometrically‐derived estimates of admixture in order to reveal population substructure in a sample of Black, White, Hispanic, and Native American individuals from the FDB. It reports evidence of spatial trends in population‐specific patterns of admixture and contextualizes its results in terms of demographic diversity in the United States.

Materials and Methods

The FDB was sampled to capture the population variation within forensic casework, skeletal collections, and the U.S. population‐at‐large. Individuals were selected for the availability of population identifier, sex, and geographic information. Variation in inferred admixture proportions was evaluated, per population and by sex, for evidence of geographic substructure. Comparative data was sourced from the U.S. Census.

Results

This analysis identifies significant associations between the estimated Black, Native American and White component memberships and place of birth and recovery. The sampled populations differ significantly in admixture proportions, in a systematic way. Admixture patterns vary in accordance with the densities and relative proportions of the U.S. census populations.

Discussion

There is considerable variation in admixture estimates, not just between, but notably within, all four of the populations. This substructure can be explained by differences in geography, including regions, divisions, and states. This article's findings agree with census trends and speak broadly to admixture dynamics and ancestral diversity among contemporary Americans. They are also specifically relevant to those cases in the FDB. The presence of subpopulations has implications for cranial research, forensic identification, and studies of biological variation in the United States.
Measuring fitness heritability: Life history traits versus morphological traits in humans
Authors: Gavrus‐Ion Alina , Sjøvold Torstein , Hernández Miguel , González‐José Rolando , Esteban Torné María Esther , Martínez‐Abadías Neus , Esparza Mireia
Published: June 2017

Objectives

Traditional interpretation of Fisher's Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection is that life history traits (LHT), which are closely related with fitness, show lower heritabilities, whereas morphological traits (MT) are less related with fitness and they are expected to show higher heritabilities. In humans, although few studies have examined the heritability of LHT and MT, none of them have analyzed the same sample for comparative purposes. Here we assessed, for the first time, the heritability, additive genetic variance (VA), residual variance (VR) and coefficient of genetic additive variation (CVA) values of LHT and MT in a singular collection of identified skulls with associated demographic records from Hallstatt (Austria).

Materials and Methods

LHT, such as lifespan, number of offspring, age at birth of first and last child, reproductive span, and lifetime reproductive success, were estimated from 18,134 individuals from the Hallstatt Catholic parish records, which represent seven generations and correspond to a time span of 400 years. MT were assessed through 17 craniofacial indices and 7 angles obtained from 355 adult crania from the same population. Heritability, VA, VR, and CVA values of LHT and MT were calculated using restricted maximum likelihood methods.

Results

LHT heritabilities ranged from 2.3 to 34% for the whole sample, with men showing higher heritabilities (4–45%) than women (0‐23.7%). Overall, MT presented higher heritability values than most of LHT, ranging from 0 to 40.5% in craniofacial indices, and from 13.8 to 32.4% in craniofacial angles. LHT showed considerable additive genetic variance values, similar to MT, but also high environmental variance values, and most of them presenting a higher evolutionary potential than MT.

Discussion

Our results demonstrate that, with the exception of lifespan, LHT show lower heritability values, than MT. The lower heritability of LHT is explained by a higher influence of environmental and cultural factors.
Decarboxylative Alkynylation
Authors: Smith Joel M. , Qin Tian , Merchant Rohan R. , Edwards Jacob T. , Malins Lara R. , Liu Zhiqing , Che Guanda , Shen Zichao , Shaw Scott A. , Eastgate Martin D. , Baran Phil S.
Published: June 2017

The development of a new decarboxylative cross‐coupling method that affords terminal and substituted alkynes from various carboxylic acids is described using both nickel‐ and iron‐based catalysts. The use of N‐hydroxytetrachlorophthalimide (TCNHPI) esters is crucial to the success of the transformation, and the reaction is amenable to in situ carboxylic acid activation. Additionally, an inexpensive, commercially available alkyne source is employed in this formal homologation process that serves as a surrogate for other well‐established alkyne syntheses. The reaction is operationally simple and broad in scope while providing succinct and scalable avenues to previously reported synthetic intermediates.
Durch Sauerstoff‐Leerstellen vermittelte Photokatalyse mit BiOCl: Reaktivität, Selektivität und Ausblick
Authors: Li Hao , Li Jie , Ai Zhihui , Jia Falong , Zhang Lizhi
Published: June 2017

Die Halbleiter‐Photokatalyse ist eine vielversprechende Methode für die Nutzung von Sonnenlicht für Energieumwandlungen. Ihre Effizienz ist derzeit jedoch aufgrund einer begrenzten Lichtreaktion und/oder der ausgeprägten Rekombination der Ladungsträger noch unbefriedigend. Moderne Charakterisierungstechniken sowie Berechnungen der elektronischen Struktur zeigen, dass selbst winzige Konzentrationen von Sauerstoff‐Leerstellen (“oxygen vacancies”, OVs) auf der Oberfläche realer Photokatalysatoren deren Kinetik und Energetik sowie die Mechanismen photokatalytischer Reaktionen entscheidend beeinflussen können. Dieser Aufsatz stellt die inhärente photokatalytische Funktionalität von OVs auf BiOCl‐Oberflächen auf molekularer Ebene dar. Die Korrelation zwischen der Struktur der OVs und Reaktivität sowie Selektivität photokatalytischer Reaktionen wird am Beispiel von OVs auf prototypischen BiOCl‐Flächen eingehend diskutiert.
A DNA Structure Containing AgI‐Mediated G:G and C:C Base Pairs
Authors: Liu Hehua , Shen Fusheng , Haruehanroengra Phensinee , Yao Qingqing , Cheng Yunshan , Chen Yiqing , Yang Chun , Zhang Jing , Wu Baixing , Luo Qiang , Cui Ruixue , Li Jixi , Ma Jinbiao , Sheng Jia , Gan Jianhua
Published: June 2017

Metal‐mediated base pairs have been extensively utilized in many research fields, including genetic‐code extension, novel therapeutics development, and nanodevice design. Compared to other cations, AgI is more flexible in pairing with natural base pairs. Herein, we present a DNA structure containing two C‐AgI‐C pairs and the first reported G‐AgI‐G pair in a short 8mer DNA strand. This structure not only provides detailed insight into these AgI‐mediated base‐pairing patterns in DNA, but also represents the first nonhelical DNA structure driven by heavy‐metal ions, thus further contributing to the structural diversity of DNA. This unique complex structure is highly sequence‐dependent, thus implying functional potentials as a new DNA aptamer that can bind and recognize silver ions. These results not only advance our understanding of the interactions between AgI and nucleobases, but also provide a unique structural component for the rational design of new DNA nanodevices.
Phosphonium Salts as Pseudohalides: Regioselective Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Complex Pyridines and Diazines
Authors: Zhang Xuan , McNally Andrew
Published: June 2017

Heterobiaryls are important pharmacophores that are challenging to prepare by traditional cross‐coupling methods. An alternative approach is presented where pyridines and diazines are converted into heteroaryl phosphonium salts and coupled with aryl boronic acids. Nickel catalysts are unique for selective heteroaryl transfer, and the reaction has a broad substrate scope that includes complex pharmaceuticals. Phosphonium ions also display orthogonal reactivity in cross‐couplings compared to halides, enabling chemoselective palladium‐ and nickel‐catalyzed coupling sequences.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Isothiosemicarbazones with Antimycobacterial Activity
Authors: Novotná Eva , Waisser Karel , Kuneš Jiří , Palát Karel , Skálová Lenka , Szotáková Barbora , Buchta Vladimír , Stolaříková Jiřina , Ulmann Vít , Pávová Marcela , Weber Jan , Komrsková Jitka , Hašková Pavlína , Vokřál Ivan , Wsól Vladimír
Published: June 2017

A series of benzaldehyde and salicylaldehyde‐S‐benzylisothiosemicarbazones was synthesized and tested against 12 different strains of mycobacteria, Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, and the significant selectivity toward mycobacteria was proved. Twenty‐eight derivatives were evaluated for the inhibition of isocitrate lyase, which is a key enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle necessary for latent tuberculosis infection, and their iron‐chelating properties were investigated. Two derivatives, 5‐bromosalicylaldehyde‐S‐(4‐fluorobenzyl)‐isothiosemicarbazone and salicylaldehyde‐S‐(4‐bromobenzyl)‐isothiosemicarbazone, influenced the isocitrate lyase activity and caused a better inhibition at 10 μmol/L than 3‐nitropropionic acid, a standard inhibitor. The compounds were also found to act as exogenous chelators of iron, which is an obligate cofactor for many mycobacterial enzymes. Due to their low cytotoxicity, together with the activity against isocitrate lyase and the ability to sequester iron ions, the compounds belong to potential antibiotics with the main effect on mycobacteria.
Sequential Bayesian learning for stochastic volatility with variance‐gamma jumps in returns
Authors: Warty Samir P. , Lopes Hedibert F. , Polson Nicholas G.
Published: June 2017

In this work, we investigate sequential Bayesian estimation for inference of stochastic volatility with variance‐gamma (SVVG) jumps in returns. We develop an estimation algorithm that combines the sequential learning auxiliary particle filter with the particle learning filter. Simulation evidence and empirical estimation results indicate that this approach is able to filter latent variances, identify latent jumps in returns, and provide sequential learning about the static parameters of SVVG. We demonstrate comparative performance of the sequential algorithm and off‐line Markov Chain Monte Carlo in synthetic and real data applications.
Exposure to Sodium Valproate during Pregnancy: Facial Features and Signs of Autism
Authors: Stadelmaier Rachel , Nasri Hanah , Deutsch Curtis K. , Bauman Margaret , Hunt Anne , Stodgell Christopher J , Adams Jane , Holmes Lewis B.
Published: June 2017

Background

Valproic acid (VPA) is the most teratogenic anticonvulsant drug in clinical use today. Children exposed prenatally to VPA have previously been shown to have dysmorphic craniofacial features, identified subjectively but not by anthropometric methods. Exposure to VPA has also been associated with an increased frequency of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). An increased cephalic index (the ratio of the cranial lateral width to the cranial anterior–posterior length) has been observed in children with ASD.

Methods

Forty‐seven children exposed to VPA during the first trimester of pregnancy were evaluated for dysmorphic facial features, identified subjectively and by measurements. Each VPA‐exposed child was evaluated for ASD using the Social Communication Questionnaire, Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised, and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. The same physical examination was carried out on an unexposed comparison group of 126 children. The unexposed children also had testing for cognitive performance by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.

Results

Several dysmorphic craniofacial features, including telecanthus, wide philtrum, and increased length of the upper lip were identified subjectively. Anthropometric measurements confirmed the increased intercanthal distance and documented additional findings, including an increased cephalic index and decreased head circumference/height index. There were no differences between the craniofacial features of VPA‐exposed children with and without ASD.

Conclusion

An increased frequency of dysmorphic craniofacial features was identified in children exposed to VPA during the first trimester of pregnancy. The most consistent finding was a larger cephalic index, which indicates a disproportion of increased width of the skull relative to the shortened anterior–posterior length. Birth Defects Research 109:1134–1143, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles obtained from charcoal via green methods and their application for sensing Fe3+ in an aqueous medium
Authors: Patidar Rajesh , Rebary Babulal , Sanghani Dhruti A. , Bhadu Gopala Ram , Paul Parimal
Published: June 2017

Two green methods (microwave and hydrothermal) were employed for the preparation of water dispersible fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) from activated charcoal. Microwave and hydrothermally synthesized carbon nanoparticles, (MW‐CNPs) and (HT‐CNPs), respectively were characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. A detailed study of their fluorescence characteristics was made. MW‐CNPs and HT‐CNPs were tested for metal ion selectivity in aqueous medium. MW‐CNPs showed selectivity for Fe3+ among the tested metal ions and important studies such as for interference, linear range and limit of detection were carried out. The application of MW‐CNPs for detection of Fe3+ in water was demonstrated.
Microbial lipopeptide production and purification bioprocesses, current progress and future challenges
Authors: Coutte François , Lecouturier Didier , Dimitrov Krasimir , Guez Jean‐Sébastien , Delvigne Frank , Dhulster Pascal , Jacques Philippe
Published: June 2017

Lipopeoptides are amphiphilic compounds combining interesting physicochemical properties and biological activities. Due to their high foaming capacity in aerated bioreactor, the development of scalable bioprocesses for their production is a major bottleneck. In addition, the genes involved in the biosynthesis of these lipopeptides are mainly regulated by the quorum sensing, a global regulatory mechanism depending on cell density and known to be activated in biofilms. Several approaches have thus been considered in literature taking into account two criteria, on one side, to favor, control or avoid foam formation and on the other side, to use planktonic or immobilized (biofilm) cells. These different bioprocesses are discussed in the present review along with the purification strategies proposed for extracting and concentrating these biosurfactants.
Melanoma complicating treatment with natalizumab for multiple sclerosis: A report from the Southern Network on Adverse Reactions (SONAR)
Authors: Sabol Rachel A. , Noxon Virginia , Sartor Oliver , Berger Joseph R. , Qureshi Zaina , Raisch Dennis W. , Norris LeAnn B. , Yarnold Paul R. , Georgantopoulos Peter , Hrushesky William J. , Bobolts Laura , Ray Paul , Lebby Akida , Kane Robert C. , Bennett Charles L.
Published: June 2017

A 43‐year‐old female with multiple sclerosis developed urethral melanoma. The only potential risk factor was treatment with natalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against α4 integrins. To investigate the risk‐exposure relationship, we reviewed this case, all other published cases, and cases of natalizumab‐associated melanoma reported to regulatory agencies. Data sources included the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) (2004–2014), a FDA Advisory Committee Meeting Report, and peer‐reviewed publications. In the United States, the manufacturer maintains an FDA‐mandated Tysabri Safety Surveillance Program (part of the Tysabri Outcomes Unified Commitment to Health (TOUCH)) of natalizumab‐treated patients. We statistically compared reporting completeness for natalizumab‐associated melanoma cases in FAERs for which information was obtained entirely from the TOUCH program versus cases where FAERS information was supplemented by TOUCH program information. FAERS included 137 natalizumab‐associated melanoma reports in patients with multiple sclerosis. Median age at melanoma diagnosis was 45 years (range: 21–74 years). Changes in preexisting nevi occurred in 16%, history of cutaneous nevi occurred in 22%, diagnosis within 2 years of beginning natalizumab occurred in 34%, and 74% had primary surgical treatment. Among seven natalizumab‐treated MS patients who developed biopsy‐confirmed melanoma on treatment and reported in the literature, median age at diagnosis was 41 years (range: 38–48 years); and the melanoma diagnosis occurred following a median of 12 natalizumab doses (range: 1–77 doses). A history of mole or nevi was noted in four patients and a history of prior melanoma was noted in one patient. Completeness scores for reports were significantly lower for FAERS cases reported from the TOUCH program versus FAERS cases supplemented by TOUCH information (median score of 2 vs. 4 items out of 8‐possible items, P < 0.0007). Clinicians should monitor existing nevi and maintain suspicion for melanoma developing in natalizumab‐treated patients. The TOUCH Safety Surveillance Program, currently focused on progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, should be expanded to include information on other serious complications including malignancies, particularly if they are immunologic in nature.
Stable Bromiranium Ions with Weakly‐Coordinating Counterions as Efficient Electrophilic Brominating Agents
Authors: Ascheberg Christoph , Bock Jonathan , Buß Florenz , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Bergander Klaus , Dielmann Fabian , Hennecke Ulrich
Published: June 2017

Electrophilic halogenating agents are an important class of reagents in chemical synthesis. Herein, we show that sterically demanding bromiranium ions with weakly coordinating counterions are highly reactive electrophilic brominating agents. Despite their high reactivity these reagents are stable, in one case even under ambient conditions and can be applied in electrophilic halogenations of alkenes as well as heteroatoms.
Trifluoromethyl‐ and Fluoroalkylselenolations of Alkynyl Copper(I) Compounds
Authors: Ghiazza Clément , Billard Thierry , Tlili Anis
Published: June 2017

The successful perfluoroalkylselenolation of alkynyl copper(I) compounds is described herein. The reaction occurs under oxidant free conditions at room temperature. This convenient one‐pot procedure is based on the in situ generation of trifluoromethylselenyl chlorides. The developed system shows high functional group tolerance and also promotes the employment of fluoroalkyl derivatives.
Facile Synthesis and Chain‐Length Dependence of the Optical and Structural Properties of Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Oligomers
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Tushita , Puttaraju Boregowda , Roy Palas , Dasgupta Jyotishman , Meyer Andreas , Rudnick Alexander , Tscheuschner Steffen , Kahle Frank‐Julian , Köhler Anna , Patil Satish
Published: June 2017

Here, we report the synthesis, optical properties, and solid‐state packing of monodisperse oligomers of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) up to five repeating units. The optical properties of DPP oligomers in solution and the solid state were investigated by a combination of steady‐state and transient spectroscopy. Transient absorption spectroscopy and time‐correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) measurements show that the fluorescence lifetime decreases with an increase in the oligomer size from monomer to trimer, thereby reaching saturation for pentameric DPP oligomers. The solid‐state packing and crystallinity were probed by using advanced techniques, which included grazing incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) to elucidate the structure–property trend. Collectively, our chain‐length dependent studies establish the fundamental correlation between the structure and property and provide a comprehensive understanding of the solid‐state properties in DPP–DPP based conjugated systems.
The time dependency predictive model on the basis of community detection and long‐short term memory
Authors: Zhang Gaowei , Xu Lingyu , Xue Yunlan
Published: June 2017

The construction of complex networks in current financial data does not take into account the energy characteristics that exist in similar stocks. Without considering the stock network as a kind of asymmetric directed network, most of the existing researches only measure the importance of nodes from the nodes degree in the network, lack of comprehensive consideration of structure and function. Second, for the division of the community, many algorithms are based on the number of community is known, and the network is unweighted and undirected. Based on the entropy analysis of information theory, in this paper we study the complexity and information flow of stock time series and construct the stock influence network on the basis of transfer entropy. By combining the structural features and functional characteristics of complex networks, we find the relationship between stocks. At last we design and verify the forecasting ability of the proposed long‐ and short‐memory model.
Budget‐constraint stochastic task scheduling on heterogeneous cloud systems
Authors: Tang Xiaoyong , Li Xiaochun , Fu Zhuojun
Published: June 2017

In the past few years, more and more business‐to‐consumer and enterprise applications run in the heterogeneous clouds. Such cloud bag‐of‐tasks applications are usually budget constrained, and their scheduling is an essential problem for cloud provider. The problem is even more complex and challenging when the accurate knowledge about task execution time is unknown in advance. Focusing on these challenges, we first build a cloud resource management architecture and stochastic task model, which divides cloud task into two execution parts. Then, we deduce bag‐of‐tasks applications' schedule length (Makespan) and total cost according to heterogeneous clouds' online feedback information of task first part execution. Thirdly, we formulate this stochastic scheduling problem as a linear programming problem. Lastly, we propose a time and cost multiobjective stochastic task scheduling genetic algorithm, in which can find Pareto optimal schedules for stochastic cloud task that meet its budget constraint. The extensive simulation experiments were carried out on a heterogeneous cloud platform with 400 virtual machines, and tasks were derived from Parallel Workloads Archive and the analysis data of real‐world cloud systems. The experimental results show that our proposed stochastic task scheduling genetic algorithm can get shorter schedule length and lower cost with task budget constraints.
A novel meta‐analytical approach to improve systematic review of rates and patterns of microevolution
Authors: Gorné Lucas D. , Díaz Sandra
Published: June 2017

A classic topic in ecology and evolution, phenotypic microevolution of quantitative traits has received renewed attention in the face of rapid global environmental change. However, for plants, synthesis has been hampered by the limited use of standard metrics, which makes it difficult to systematize empirical information. Here we demonstrate the advantages of incorporating meta‐analysis tools to the review of microevolutionary rates. We perform a systematic survey of the plant literature on microevolution of quantitative traits over known periods of time, based on the scopus database. We quantify the amount of change by standard mean difference and develop a set of effect sizes to analyze such data. We show that applying meta‐analysis tools to a systematic literature review allows the extraction of a much larger volume of information than directly calculating microevolutionary rates. We also propose derived meta‐analysis effect sizes (h, LG and LR) which are appropriate for the study of evolutionary patterns, the first being similar to haldanes, the second and third allowing the application of a preexisting analytical framework for the inference of evolutionary mechanisms. This novel methodological development is applicable to the study of microevolution in any taxa. To pilot test it, we built an open‐access database of 1,711 microevolutionary rates of 152 angiosperm species from 128 studies documenting population changes in quantitative traits following an environmental novelty with a known elapsed time (<260 years). The performance of the metrics proposed (h, LG and LR) is similar to that of preexisting ones, and at the same time they bring the advantages of lower estimation bias and higher number of usable observations typical of meta‐analysis.
Self‐Disgust within Eating Disordered Groups: Associations with Anxiety, Disgust Sensitivity and Sensory Processing
Authors: Bell Katie , Coulthard Helen , Wildbur Diane
Published: June 2017

This study aimed to assess the relationship between self‐disgust and sensory processing within eating psychopathology. Five hundred and ninety‐one women with a self‐reported diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or who had no previous history of an eating disorder completed a battery of online questionnaires measuring disgust, emotion and sensory variables. Those with an eating disorder reported significantly higher rates of self‐disgust than those with no history of disordered eating. In groups of women with self‐reported bulimia, self‐disgust was associated with sensation avoidance and sensation seeking. Within the group with anorexia nervosa, self‐disgust was associated with low registration and sensation seeking. This report is the first to examine the expression of the emotion self‐disgust within eating psychopathology and examine associations of this factor with sensory processing. The emotion self‐disgust needs to be further examined to understand its possible role in the onset and maintenance of disordered eating. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.