bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radio Frequency Identification from the viewpoint of students of computer science
Authors: Hoffmann Miklós , Juhász Tibor , Taskó Tünde
Published: August 2016

This paper aims at creating the right pedagogical attitudes in term of teaching a new technology, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) by evaluating the social acceptance of this new method. Survey of future teachers, students of teacher master studies and students from informatics oriented secondary schools were surveyed comparing their attitudes in terms of RFID to other recent technologies. Consequences of this survey are incorporated into the curriculum of the new RFID course at our institution.
The far side of recursion
Authors: Wirth Michael A.
Published: August 2016

Recursion is somewhat of an enigma, and examples used to illustrate the idea of recursion often emphasize three algorithms: Towers of Hanoi, Factorial, and Fibonacci, often sacrificing the exploration of recursive behavior for the notion that a "function calls itself". Very little effort is spent on more interesting recursive algorithms. This paper looks at how three lesser known algorithms of recursion can be used in teaching behavioral aspects of recursion: The Josephus Problem, the Hailstone Sequence and Ackermann's Function.
Maximum and minimum problems in secondary school education
Authors: Fülöp Zsolt
Published: August 2016

The aim of this paper is to offer some possible ways of solving extreme value problems by elementary methods with which the generally available method of differential calculus can be avoided. We line up some problems which can be solved by the usage of these elementary methods in secondary school education. The importance of the extremum problems is ignored in the regular curriculum; however they are in the main stream of competition problems – therefore they are useful tools in the selection and development of talented students. The extremum problem-solving by elementary methods means the replacement of the methods of differential calculus (which are quite stereotyped) by the elementary methods collected from different fields of Mathematics, such as elementary inequalities between geometric, arithmetic and square means, the codomain of the quadratic and trigonometric functions, etc. In the first part we show some patterns that students can imitate in solving similar problems. These patterns could also provide some ideas for Hungarian teachers on how to introduce this topic in their practice. In the second part we discuss the results of a survey carried out in two secondary schools and we formulate our conclusion concerning the improvement of students' performance in solving these kind of problems.
Outstanding mathematicians in the 20th century
Authors: Kántor Tünde
Published: August 2016

In this paper we commemorate the life and work of András Rapcsák on the occasion of the centenary of his birth. He was an outstanding professor and a scholar teacher. He was head of the Department of Geometry (1958-1973) and the director of the Institute of Mathematics at the University of Debrecen (Hungary). He played an important role in the life of the University of Debrecen. He was the rector of this university between 1966 and 1973.
At the beginning of his career he taught at secondary schools in several towns. He wrote mathematical schoolbooks with coauthors. He also taught at Teacher's College in Debrecen and in Eger.
He became to interested in differential geometry under the influence of Ottó Varga. The fields of his research were line-element spaces and related areas. He was elected an Ordinary Member of the Hungarian Academy of Science in 1965. He wrote 21 papers, 8 school and textbooks and 3 articles in didactics of mathematics.
Approximated Poncelet configurations
Authors: Nagy Örs , András Szilárd
Published: August 2016

In this short note we present the approximate construction of closed Poncelet configurations using the simulation of a mathematical pendulum. Although the idea goes back to the work of Jacobi ([17]), only the use of modern computer technologies assures the success of the construction. We present also some remarks on using such problems in project based university courses and we present a Matlab program able to produce animated Poncelet configurations with given period. In the same spirit we construct Steiner configurations and we give a few teaching oriented remarks on the Poncelet grid theorem.
Transition from arithmetic to algebra in primary school education
Authors: Fülöp Zsolt
Published: August 2016

The main aim of this paper is to report a study that explores the thinking strategies and the most frequent errors of Hungarian grade 5-8 students in solving some problems involving arithmetical first-degree equations. The present study also aims at identifying the main arithmetical strategies attempted to solve a problem that can be solved algebraically. The analysis focuses on the shifts from arithmetic computations to algebraic thinking and procedures. Our second aim was to identify the main difficulties which students face when they have to deal with mathematical word problems. The errors made by students were categorized by stages in the problem solving process. The students' written works were analyzed seeking for patterns and regularities concerning both of the methods used by the students and the errors which occured in the problem solving process. In this paper, three prominent error types and their causes are discussed.
On the psychology of mathematical problem solving by gifted students
Authors: Veres Sandor M.
Published: August 2016

This paper examines the nature of mathematical problem solving from a psychological viewpoint as a sequence of mental steps. The scope is limited to solution processes for well defined problems, for instance, which occur at International Mathematical Olympiads. First the meta-mathematical background is outlined in order to present problem solving as a well defined search problem and hence as a discovery process. Solving problems is described as a sequence of elementary steps of the so called "relationship-vision" introduced here. Finally, non-procedural aspects of the psychology of problem solving are summarized, such as the role of persistence, teacher-pupil relationship, the amount of experience needed, self-confidence and inspiration at competitions.
Pessoas idosas com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana
Authors: Araldi Luciano Medeiros , Pelzer Marlene Teda , Gautério-Abreu Daiane Porto , Saioron Isabela , Santos Silvana Sidney Costa , Ilha Silomar
Published: August 2016

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo entender cómo adultos mayores se infectaron con el VIH, descubrieron el diagnóstico y conviven con el virus. Estudio cualitativo exploratorio-descriptivo realizado entre noviembre y diciembre de 2012. Nueve adultos mayores con VIH fueron entrevistados en una unidad de referencia de un hospital universitario del sur de Brasil. El análisis de contenido resulto en seis categorías: (des)conocimiento sobre el VIH/SIDA antes del contagio; infección por VIH; descubrimiento del diagnóstico; reacción del adulto mayor ante el diagnóstico; seropositividad y vida cotidiana del adulto mayor; vida sexual y prevención después del descubrimiento de la infección por el VIH. Se concluye que dichos adultos tenían poco conocimiento sobre el VIH antes de recibir el diagnóstico, lo cual demuestra la importancia de llevar a cabo actividades educativas con miras a su prevención.
Parir e nascer num novo tempo
Authors: Collaço Vânia Sorgatto , Santos Evanguelia Kotzias Atherino dos , Souza Kleyde Ventura de , Alves Herdy Valdecyr , Zampieri Maria de Fátima , Gregório Vitória Regina Petters
Published: August 2016

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la percepción de la pareja sobre el proceso de cuidados del Equipo Hanami en el posparto del parto domiciliario planificado. Se trata de una investigación convergente asistencial realizada con 30 parejas. Los datos fueron recogidos durante la observación participante y la entrevista semiestructurada. El análisis incluyó las etapas del proceso de aprehensión, síntesis, teorización y transferencia en base a la Teoría de la Diversidad y Universalidad de los Cuidados Culturales y en los modelos de Atención al Parto. De los resultados surgieron una categoría central: la percepción de las parejas asistidas por el Equipo Hanami en el proceso de atención durante el posparto y otras tres subcategorías. Por lo tanto, a la vista de los resultados, se concluye que las parejas quieren acoger al recién nacido al llegar al nuevo mundo, participando en todos los cuidados brindados pues conocen su importancia para el vínculo afectivo familiar. La pareja reconoce y valora la competencia cultural de la enfermera obstetra en la lactancia materna y la participación en los rituales de cuidados con la placenta. Las prácticas de cuidados en el posparto están respaldadas en construcciones culturales y en el cuidado holístico.
A Novel Method of Quantifying Gait Deviations Using Plantar Pressure Patterns
Authors: Deschamps Kevin , Staes Filip , Desmet Dirk , Roosen Philip , Matricali Giovanni Arnoldo , Keijsers Noel , Nobels Frank , Tits Jos , Bruyninckx Herman
Published: August 2016

Background: Comparing the dynamic pedobarographic patterns of individuals is common practice in basic and applied research. However, this process is often time-consuming and complex, and commercially available software often lacks powerful visualization and interpretation tools.

Methods: We propose a simple method for displaying pixel-level pedobarographic deviations over time relative to a so-called reference pedobarographic pattern. This novel method contains four distinct automated preprocessing stages: 1) normalization of pedobarographic fields (for foot length and width), 2) temporal normalization, 3) a pixel-level z-score–based calculation, and 4) color coding of the normalized pedobarographic fields. Group and patient-level comparisons were illustrated using an experimental data set including diabetic and nondiabetic patients.

Results: The automated procedure was found to be robust and quantified distinct temporal deviations in pedobarographic fields.

Conclusions: The advantages of the novel method cover several domains, including visualization, interpretation, and education.
The selectivity of the Na+/K+-pump is controlled by binding site protonation and self-correcting occlusion
Authors: Rui Huan , Artigas Pablo , Roux Benoît
Published: August 2016

The Na+/K+-pump maintains the physiological K+ and Na+ electrochemical gradients across the cell membrane. It operates via an 'alternating-access' mechanism, making iterative transitions between inward-facing (E1) and outward-facing (E2) conformations. Although the general features of the transport cycle are known, the detailed physicochemical factors governing the binding site selectivity remain mysterious. Free energy molecular dynamics simulations show that the ion binding sites switch their binding specificity in E1 and E2. This is accompanied by small structural arrangements and changes in protonation states of the coordinating residues. Additional computations on structural models of the intermediate states along the conformational transition pathway reveal that the free energy barrier toward the occlusion step is considerably increased when the wrong type of ion is loaded into the binding pocket, prohibiting the pump cycle from proceeding forward. This self-correcting mechanism strengthens the overall transport selectivity and protects the stoichiometry of the pump cycle.
Simulation of GeSn/Ge tunneling field-effect transistors for complementary logic applications
Authors: Liu Lei , Liang Renrong , Wang Jing , Xiao Lei , Xu Jun
Published: August 2016

GeSn/Ge tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) with different device configurations are comprehensively investigated by numerical simulation. The lateral PIN- and PNPN-type point-tunneling and vertical line-tunneling device structures are analyzed and compared. Both n- and p-type TFETs are optimized to construct GeSn complementary logic applications. Simulation results indicate that GeSn/Ge heterochannel and heterosource structures significantly improve the device characteristics of point- and line-TFETs, respectively. Device performance and subthreshold swing can be further improved by increasing the Sn composition. GeSn/Ge heterosource line-TFETs exhibit excellent device performance and superior inverter voltage-transfer characteristic, which make them promising candidates for GeSn complementary TFET applications.
Biaxial stress evaluation in GeSn film epitaxially grown on Ge substrate by oil-immersion Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Takeuchi Kazuma , Suda Kohei , Yokogawa Ryo , Usuda Koji , Sawamoto Naomi , Ogura Atsushi
Published: August 2016

GeSn is being paid much attention as a next-generation channel material. In this work, we performed the excitation of forbidden transverse optical (TO) phonons from strained GeSn, as well as longitudinal optical (LO) phonons, under the backscattering geometry from the (001) surface by oil-immersion Raman spectroscopy. Using the obtained LO/TO phonons, we derived the phonon deformation potentials (PDPs), which play an important role in the stress evaluation, of the strained Ge1−

x
Sn
x
for the first time. The results suggest that PDPs are almost constant for the Ge1−

x
Sn
x
(x < 0.032). Biaxial stress calculated using the derived PDPs reasonably indicated the isotropic states.
High-speed image matching with coaxial holographic optical correlator
Authors: Ikeda Kanami , Watanabe Eriko
Published: August 2016

A computation speed of more than 100 Gbps is experimentally demonstrated using our developed ultrahigh-speed optical correlator. To verify this high computation speed practically, the computation speeds of our optical correlator and conventional digital image matching are quantitatively compared. We use a population count function that achieves the fastest calculation speed when calculating binary matching by a central processing unit (CPU). The calculation speed of the optical correlator is dramatically faster than that using a CPU (2.40 GHz × 4) and 16 GB of random access memory, especially when the calculation data are large-scale.
Reimagining Buddhist Kingship in a Sinhala Praśasti
Authors: Berkwitz Stephen C.
Published: August 2016

The fifteenth-century Pärakumbā Sirita (Account of King Parākramabāhu VI) represents an early attempt to wed the praśasti genre to Sinhala court poetry (kavi). Drawing upon Sri Lankan and broader Indic traditions of eulogistic royal inscriptions, this work utilized the Sinhala language to transform a Buddhist king into a praiseworthy ruler who could rival the rulers of other lands. Panegyric writing in Sinhala is shown to have endowed local kings and local literature with qualities deserving of universal renown. Building upon the prosaic descriptions of kings in earlier vaṃsa literature and epigraphy, Pärakumbā Sirita expanded upon the virtues traditionally associated with Buddhist kingship to model its living ruler after the kings celebrated for their power and fame in other lands and in other eulogistic discourse. We will trace the development of praśasti writing in Sri Lanka and examine the specific contributions of Pärakumbā Sirita to the imagination of kingship in late medieval Sri Lanka. Close attention to this Sinhala praśasti will include a consideration of how a new poetic genre enabled Sinhala kings and kavi to supersede the universal models on which both were originally based.
Were There Female Relatives of the Prophet Muḥammad among the Besieged Qurayẓa?
Authors: Lecker Michael
Published: August 2016

Three members of the Jewish tribe Qurayẓa, two brothers and their relative, left the tribe’s besieged fortress hours before Qurayẓa’s unconditional surrender to the Prophet Muḥammad, thereby saving their lives, their families, and their orchards. According to a rather widespread account, the three had become convinced of the veracity of Muḥammad’s mission. But there is a more cogent explanation for their survival: according to Ibn al-Kalbī’s Kitāb al-Mathālib, the two brothers were married to two sisters who were Muḥammad’s third cousins.
Conversational Text in the Neo-Mandaic Dialect of Ahvaz
Authors: Mutzafi Hezy
Published: August 2016

Neo-Mandaic is among the rarest and most seriously endangered languages of the world. Two extant Neo-Mandaic dialects, those of the cities of Ahvaz and Khorramshahr in southwestern Iran, are spoken by a few hundred adherents of Mandaeism, an indigenous gnostic religion of Lower Mesopotamia. Previous transcribed texts in the dialect of Ahvaz mostly deal with Mandaean culture and include Classical Mandaic vocables that are not used in the vernacular. The present annotated text is entirely colloquial, being a sample of daily speech amongst speakers of the dialect and reflecting a typical conversation between two Neo-Mandaic speakers in a situation where one is receiving his relative as a guest. It is, moreover, the first Neo-Mandaic text that involves a female informant.
Women in Early Indian Buddhism: Comparative Textual Studies. Edited By Alice Collett
Authors: Wilson Liz
Published: August 2016

Women in Early Indian Buddhism: Comparative Textual Studies. Edited By Alice Collett. New

York: Oxford University Press, 2014. Pp. xii + 274. $74.
Pétra: Atlas archéologique et épigraphique, vol. 1: De Bãb as-Siq au Wãdi al-Farasah. By Laïla Nehmé
Authors: Graf David F.
Published: August 2016

Pétra: Atlas archéologique et épigraphique, vol. 1: De Bãb as-Siq au Wãdi al-Farasah. By Laïla Nehmé. Paris: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 2012. Pp. 266, 51 plts., maps. €50.
Islam and Literalism: Literal Meaning and Interpretation in Islamic Legal Theory. By Robert Gleave
Authors: Ahmed Rumee
Published: August 2016

Islam and Literalism: Literal Meaning and Interpretation in Islamic Legal Theory. By Robert Gleave. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2012. Pp. xii + 212. $120, £75 (cloth); $39.95, £24.99 (paper).
Warrior Women of Islam: Female Empowerment in Arabic Popular Literature. By Remke Kruk
Authors: Hammond Marlé
Published: August 2016

The Warrior Women of Islam: Female Empowerment in Arabic Popular Literature. By Remke Kruk. London: I. B. Tauris, 2014. Pp. xxv + 272. £62 (cloth); £15.99 (paper).
Holy City of Medina: Sacred Space in Early Islamic Arabia. By Harry Munt
Authors: Antrim Zayde
Published: August 2016

The Holy City of Medina: Sacred Space in Early Islamic Arabia. By Harry Munt. Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Pp. xvii + 226. $95.
Souvenirs and New Ideas: Travel and Collecting in Egypt and the Near East. Edited by Diane Fortenberry
Authors: Beckman Gary
Published: August 2016

Souvenirs and New Ideas: Travel and Collecting in Egypt and the Near East. Edited by Diane Fortenberry. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2013. Pp. xi + 196, 17 plts. $50 (paper). [Distributed by Casemate Aca- demic, Oakville, Conn.]
Akt mediates TIGAR induction in HeLa cells following PFKFB3 inhibition
Authors: Simon‐Molas Helga , Calvo‐Vidal María Nieves , Castaño Esther , Rodríguez‐García Ana , Navarro‐Sabaté Àurea , Bartrons Ramon , Manzano Anna
Published: August 2016

Neoplastic cells metabolize higher amounts of glucose relative to normal cells in order to cover increased energetic and anabolic needs. Inhibition of the glycolytic enzyme 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) diminishes cancer cell proliferation and tumour growth in animals. In this work, we investigate the crosstalk between PFKFB3 and TIGAR (TP53‐Induced Glycolysis and Apoptosis Regulator), a protein known to protect cells from oxidative stress. Our results show consistent TIGAR induction in HeLa cells in response to PFKFB3 knockdown. Upon PFKFB3 silencing, cells undergo oxidative stress and trigger Akt phosphorylation. This leads to induction of a TIGAR‐mediated prosurvival pathway that reduces both oxidative stress and cell death. As TIGAR is known to have a role in DNA repair, it could serve as a potential target for the development of effective antineoplastic therapies.
Revisiting the scissor‐like mechanism of activation for the erythropoietin receptor
Authors: Corbett Michael S. P. , Poger David , Mark Alan E.
Published: August 2016

An interpretation of alternative crystal structures of the erythropoietin receptor, with and without ligand, led to the proposal of a scissor‐like mechanism of activation. This model has been propagated in the literature and is still being used to interpret crystal structures of related type‐I cytokine receptors. Here, we assess whether the model remains compatible with current knowledge on the family of type‐I cytokine receptors, and consider whether the model, as initially presented, is truly supported by the crystal structures on which it was originally based.
The detection of benzene in Saturn's upper atmosphere
Authors: Koskinen T. T. , Moses J. I. , West R. A. , Guerlet S. , Jouchoux A.
Published: August 2016

The stratosphere of Saturn contains a photochemical haze that appears thicker at the poles and may originate from chemistry driven by the aurora. Models suggest that the formation of hydrocarbon haze is initiated at high altitudes by the production of benzene, which is followed by the formation of heavier ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Until now there have been no observations of hydrocarbons or photochemical haze in the production region to constrain these models. We report the first vertical profiles of benzene and constraints on haze opacity in the upper atmosphere of Saturn retrieved from Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph stellar occultations. We detect benzene at several different latitudes and find that the observed abundances of benzene can be produced by solar‐driven ion chemistry that is enhanced at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere during spring. We also detect evidence for condensation and haze at high southern latitudes in the polar night.
Shift in potential evapotranspiration and its implications for dryness/wetness over Southwest China
Authors: Sun Shanlei , Chen Haishan , Wang Guojie , Li Jinjian , Mu Mengyuan , Yan Guixia , Xu Bei , Huang Jin , Wang Jie , Zhang Fangmin , Zhu Siguang
Published: August 2016

During 1961–2012, the regional average annual potential evapotranspiration (PET) of Southwest China (SWC) and the four subregions (named as SR1, SR2, SR3, and SR4) showed different decreases (excluding SR3); while the breakpoint analysis suggested that PET changes (i.e., sign and magnitude) have shifted. Based on a group of sensitivity experiments with Penman‐Monteith equation and a new separating method, the contributions of each climate factor alone (i.e., net radiation, Rn; mean temperature, Tave; wind speed, Wnd; and vapor pressure deficit, Vpd) to PET changes were calculated. Results showed that declined Wnd in SR1, reduced Rn in SR2, SR4, and SWC, and increased Vpd in SR3 were responsible for the PET changes during 1961–2012. However, the determinant factor for each subregion and SWC varied in different segmented periods, which were identified using the breakpoint analysis. The impacts of PET shifts on SWC dryness/wetness (reflected by the 3 month Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration index, SPEI‐3) during 1961–2012 were then quantified. Briefly, SPEI‐3 changes in SR3, SR4, and SWC had the determinant factor of PET in the first one or two period(s), and precipitation in the last period; while they were attributed to PET (precipitation) in SR1 (SR2) for each segmented period. It is found that PET and precipitation had comparable contributions to the variations in SWC dryness/wetness. Our findings have suggested that more attentions should be paid to the impacts of PET changes and shifts in future studies of dryness/wetness or drought.
Material‐Driven Fibronectin Assembly Promotes Maintenance of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Phenotypes
Authors: Rico Patricia , Mnatsakanyan Hayk , Dalby Matthew J. , Salmerón‐Sánchez Manuel
Published: August 2016

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a research tool to investigate fundamental biology and are candidates for use in regenerative medicine. In this context, significant efforts have been devoted to develop technologies to control stem cell fate, including the use of soluble factors in media. However, material properties offer alternative approaches that avoid the use of soluble factors. Here, a material system capable of sustaining the growth of stem cells (maintaining stemness) and of promoting highly efficient differentiation upon external stimulation is described. Poly(ethyl acrylate) induces assembly of fibronectin (FN) into nanonetworks (FN fibrillogenesis) upon simple adsorption from solutions. It is shown that these FN nanonetworks allow growth of MSCs and maintenance of stemness for long periods of time (up to 30 d) using basal media in absence of soluble factors. Additionally, the system promotes enhanced levels of differentiation when defined supplemented media are used. The study reveals the critical role of the intermediate protein layer at the material interface to control MSC fate regardless of the properties of the underlying material and it introduces a new material system as a candidate to be used in MSC niche design.
Self‐Healing Hydrogels
Authors: Taylor Danielle Lynne , in het Panhuis Marc
Published: August 2016

Over the past few years, there has been a great deal of interest in the development of hydrogel materials with tunable structural, mechanical, and rheological properties, which exhibit rapid and autonomous self‐healing and self‐recovery for utilization in a broad range of applications, from soft robotics to tissue engineering. However, self‐healing hydrogels generally either possess mechanically robust or rapid self‐healing properties but not both. Hence, the development of a mechanically robust hydrogel material with autonomous self‐healing on the time scale of seconds is yet to be fully realized. Here, the current advances in the development of autonomous self‐healing hydrogels are reviewed. Specifically, methods to test self‐healing efficiencies and recoveries, mechanisms of autonomous self‐healing, and mechanically robust hydrogels are presented. The trends indicate that hydrogels that self‐heal better also achieve self‐healing faster, as compared to gels that only partially self‐heal. Recommendations to guide future development of self‐healing hydrogels are offered and the potential relevance of self‐healing hydrogels to the exciting research areas of 3D/4D printing, soft robotics, and assisted health technologies is highlighted.
(S)‐Selectivity in Phenylacetyl Carbinol Synthesis Using the Wild‐Type Enzyme Acetoin:Dichlorophenolindophenol Oxidoreductase from Bacillus licheniformis
Authors: Giovannini Pier Paolo , Lerin Lindomar Alberto , Müller Michael , Bernacchia Giovanni , Bastiani Morena De , Catani Martina , Di Carmine Graziano , Massi Alessandro
Published: August 2016

Thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)‐dependent enzymes are well known biocatalysts for the asymmetric synthesis of α‐hydroxy ketones with preferential (R)‐selectivity. Pharmaceutically relevant phenylacetyl carbinol (PAC) has been prepared with absolute (S)‐configuration only on a few occasions using enzyme variants suitably designed through rational site‐directed mutagenesis approaches. Herein, we describe the synthesis of (S)‐phenylacetyl carbinol products with extended reaction scope employing the readily available wild‐type ThDP‐dependent enzyme acetoin:dichlorophenolindophenol oxidoreductase (Ao:DCPIP OR) from Bacillus licheniformis. On a semipreparative scale, cross‐benzoin‐like condensations of methylacetoin (donor) and differently substituted benzaldehydes proceed with almost complete chemoselectivity yielding the target (S)‐1‐hydroxy‐1‐phenylpropan‐2‐one derivatives with high conversion efficiencies (up to 95%) and good enantioselectivities (up to 99%). Ao:DCPIP OR accepts hydroxy‐ and nitrobenzaldehydes and also sterically demanding substrates such as 1‐naphthaldehyde and 4‐(tert‐butyl)benzaldehyde, which are typically poor acceptors in enzymatic transformations. The explorative synthesis of (S)‐phenylpropionyl carbinol mediated by Ao:DCPIP OR via carboligation of benzaldehyde with 3,4‐hexanedione is also reported.

magnified image
2,2‐Difluoro‐1,3‐diketones as gem‐Difluoroenolate Precusors for Asymmetric Aldol Addition with N‐Benzylisatins
Authors: Qian Jinlong , Yi Wenbin , Huang Xin , Jasinski Jerry P. , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2016

2,2‐Difluoro‐1,3‐diketones are introduced as gem‐difluoroenolate precursors for the first example of an organocatalytic asymmetric aldol addition with N‐benzylisatins to form 3‐difluoroalkyl‐3‐hydroxyoxindoles.

magnified image
Characteristic microglial features in patients with hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids
Authors: Tada Mari , Konno Takuya , Tada Masayoshi , Tezuka Toshiyuki , Miura Takeshi , Mezaki Naomi , Okazaki Ken‐ichi , Arakawa Musashi , Itoh Kyoko , Yamamoto Toru , Yokoo Hideaki , Yoshikura Nobuaki , Ishihara Kenji , Horie Masao , Takebayashi Hirohide , Toyoshima Yasuko , Naito Makoto , Onodera Osamu , Nishizawa Masatoyo , Takahashi Hitoshi , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Kakita Akiyoshi
Published: August 2016

Objective

To clarify the histopathological alterations of microglia in the brains of patients with hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS) caused by mutations of the gene encoding the colony stimulating factor‐1 receptor (CSF‐1R).

Methods

We examined 5 autopsied brains and 1 biopsy specimen from a total of 6 patients with CSF‐1R mutations. Detailed immunohistochemical, biochemical, and ultrastructural features of microglia were examined, and quantitative analyses were performed.

Results

In layers 3 to 4 of the frontal cortex in HDLS brains, microglia showed relatively uniform and delicate morphology, with thin and winding processes accompanying knotlike structures, and significantly smaller areas of Iba1 immunoreactivity and lower numbers of Iba1‐positive cells were evident in comparison with control brains. On the other hand, in layers 5 to 6 and the underlying white matter, microglia were distributed unevenly; that is, in some areas they had accumulated densely, whereas in others they were scattered. Immunoblot analyses of microglia‐associated proteins, including CD11b and DAP12, revealed that HDLS brains had significantly lower amounts of these proteins than diseased controls, although Ki‐67–positive proliferative microglia were not reduced. Ultrastructurally, the microglial cytoplasm and processes in HDLS showed vesiculation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and disaggregated polyribosomes, indicating depression of protein synthesis. On the other hand, macrophages were immunonegative for GLUT‐5 or P2ry12, indicating that they were derived from bone marrow.

Interpretation

The pathogenesis of HDLS seems to be associated with microglial vulnerability and morphological alterations. Ann Neurol 2016;80:554–565
Combination of a Cyano Migration Strategy and Alkene Difunctionalization: The Elusive Selective Azidocyanation of Unactivated Olefins
Authors: Wu Zhen , Ren Rongguo , Zhu Chen
Published: August 2016

A conceptually new, efficient, and metal‐free approach for the challenging azidocyanation of unactivated alkenes is presented. The strategy of intramolecular distal cyano migration is combined with alkene difunctionalization for the first time. A variety of useful azido‐substituted alkyl nitriles are prepared in good yields and, most importantly, with exquisite regio‐ and stereo‐selectivities.
Synthesis of meta‐Terphenyl‐2,2′′‐diols by Anodic C−C Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Lips Sebastian , Wiebe Anton , Elsler Bernd , Schollmeyer Dieter , Dyballa Katrin M. , Franke Robert , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: August 2016

The anodic C−C cross‐coupling reaction is a versatile synthetic approach to symmetric and non‐symmetric biphenols and arylated phenols. We herein present a metal‐free electrosynthetic method that provides access to symmetric and non‐symmetric meta‐terphenyl‐2,2′′‐diols in good yields and high selectivity. Symmetric derivatives can be obtained by direct electrolysis in an undivided cell. The synthesis of non‐symmetric meta‐terphenyl‐2,2′′‐diols required two electrochemical steps. The reactions are easy to conduct and scalable. The method also features a broad substrate scope, and a large variety of functional groups are tolerated. The target molecules may serve as [OCO]3− pincer ligands.
Enhancing capacity for freshwater conservation at the genetic level: a demonstration using three stream macroinvertebrates
Authors: Macdonald Hannah C. , Ormerod Steve J. , Bruford Michael W.
Published: August 2016

Species diversity is declining more rapidly in freshwater ecosystems than in any other, but the consequences for genetic diversity, and hence evolutionary potential, are poorly understood. In part this reflects limited use and development of modern molecular tools and genetic approaches to address conservation questions in rivers, lakes and wetlands. As widespread, diverse and functionally important organisms, freshwater macroinvertebrates are ideal candidates for genetic approaches to reveal, for example, the conservation consequences of demographic histories and past disturbances. However, the availability of microsatellite markers for this group is very limited.

Using next generation sequencing, microsatellite markers were developed for Isoperla grammatica (Poda, 1761), Amphinemura sulcicollis (Stephens, 1836) and Baetis rhodani (Pictet, 1843) to enable conservation genetic investigations of these widespread invertebrate species. Fifty‐two robust microsatellite loci were developed (18, 21 and 13 per species), all with high levels of allelic diversity (7–27, 3–16, 5–13 alleles per loci, respectively).

These tools will allow assessment of genetic structure, dispersal and demographic resilience in these model species as a function of environmental change and variation, thereby aiding freshwater monitoring and conservation. The authors urge further capacity building to support genetic applications to the conservation biology of other aquatic organisms.

Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organocatalyzed Novel Synthetic Methodology for Highly Functionalized Piperidines as Potent α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Farooq Ariba , Shahazadi Lubna , Bajda Marek , Ullah Nisar , Rauf Abdul , Shahzad Sohail Anjum , Khan Ather Farooq , Ashraf Muhammad , Yar Muhammad
Published: August 2016

An efficient atom‐economic one‐pot synthesis of highly functionalized piperidines was achieved by catalytic multicomponent reaction. A wide range of heterogeneous and homogenous catalysts were explored; however, promising results were achieved when a β‐keto‐ester was reacted with selected aromatic aldehydes and anilines by using N‐acetyl glycine (NAG) as catalyst. The implication of this methodology is straightforward since the products were precipitated out from the reaction solution, eliminating the need of column chromatography purifications. The synthesized piperidines were screened against α‐glucosidase inhibition, which revealed that these compounds were very active inhibitors, and some of the compounds showed even better inhibition than the reference compound, at low micromolar concentrations. In silico molecular modeling was also performed to investigate the binding modes of the compounds into the active sites of the target protein.
Social Value Orientation Moderates the Effects of Intuition versus Reflection on Responses to Unfair Ultimatum Offers
Authors: Bieleke Maik , Gollwitzer Peter M. , Oettingen Gabriele , Fischbacher Urs
Published: August 2016

We investigated whether social value orientation (SVO) moderates the effects of intuitive versus reflective information processing on responses to unfair offers. We measured SVO one week prior to an ultimatum game experiment in which participants had to accept or reject a series of 10 ultimatum offers including very low (unfair) ones. Before making these decisions, participants mentally contrasted their individual goals with the obstacle of pondering at length or acting in a hasty way; then they made the plan to adopt an intuitive or a reflective mode of processing (intuitive and reflective condition, respectively), or made no such plans (control condition). Participants with rather high (prosocial) SVO scores were more likely to accept unfair offers in the reflective than the intuitive condition. This effect also evinced for a subset of selfish individuals; however, the majority with rather low (selfish) scores made similar decisions in both conditions. This pattern of results suggests that SVO moderates the effects of intuitive versus reflective modes of processing on responses to low ultimatum offers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gastric cancer from operating theatre to bench in Korea
Authors: Yang H-K
Published: August 2016

Lessons to be learned
Nanoparticle‐Imprinted Matrices as Sensing Layers for Size‐Selective Recognition of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Witt Julia , Mandler Daniel , Wittstock Gunther
Published: August 2016

This study extends the concept of nanoparticle‐imprinted matrices (NAIMs) to systems in which template nanoparticles (NPs) are immobilized on a conducting surface and a polymer matrix is built around them before the release of the template NPs. Specifically, citrate‐stabilized AuNPs, 40 nm in diameter, were bound to a 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)‐modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode at pH 5. Subsequently, a polymer matrix was generated by electropolymerization of a self‐inhibiting poly(phenol) (PPh) layer. The template AuNPs were removed either by electro‐oxidation of the Au core during linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) in Cl−‐containing aqueous solution or by chemical oxidation in aqueous KCN solution. After template removal, remaining nanocavities were found to be size‐selective in the competitive reuptake of analyte NPs, as demonstrated by the preference for citrate‐stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with 20 nm diameter over AuNPs with 50 nm diameter. The remaining nanocavities and their size‐recognition ability were examined by scanning electron microscopy and LSV. Complementing studies by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning force microscopy corroborated the template embedding, template release, and analyte NP uptake.
ChemInform Abstract: Polar Noncentrosymmetric ZnMoSb2O7 and Nonpolar Centrosymmetric CdMoSb4O10: d10 Transition Metal Size Effect Influencing the Stoichiometry and the Centricity.
Authors: Jo Hongil , Ok Kang Min
Published: August 2016

Polycrystalline ZnMoSb2O7 (I) and CdMoSb4O10 (II) are prepared from stoichiometric amounts of ZnO or CdO, MoO3, and Sb2O3 (evacuated quartz tubes, 500 °C, 1 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Symmetry Switching of Negative Thermal Expansion by Chemical Control.
Authors: Senn Mark S. , Murray Claire A. , Luo Xuan , Wang Lihai , Huang Fei‐Ting , Cheong Sang‐Wook , Bombardi Alessandro , Ablitt Chris , Mostofi Arash A. , Bristowe Nicholas C.
Published: August 2016

Polycrystalline samples of the layered perovskite Ca3‐xSrxMn2O7 (x = 0—2) are prepared by firing stoichiometric amounts of CaCO3, SrCO3, and MnO2 in an O2 stream (1340—1650 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Material of HfScMo2VO12 with Negative Thermal Expansion and Intense White‐Light Emission.
Authors: Cheng Yongguang , Liang Yuan , Ge Xianghong , Liu Xiansheng , Yuan Baohe , Guo Juan , Chao Mingju , Liang Erjun
Published: August 2016

HfScMo2VO12 is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of HfO2, Sc2O3, V2O5, and MoO3 (air, 973 K, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Bromine‐Rich Zinc Bromides: Zn6Br12(18‐crown‐6)2x (Br2)5, Zn4Br8(18‐crown‐6)2x (Br2)3, and Zn6Br12(18‐crown‐6)2x (Br2)2.
Authors: Hausmann David , Feldmann Claus
Published: August 2016

The title compounds are prepared by the reaction of 0.63 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Open‐Framework Oxysulfide Based on the Supertetrahedral [In4Sn16O10S34]12— Cluster and Efficient Sequestration of Heavy Metals.
Authors: Zhang Xian‐Ming , Sarma Debajit , Wu Ya‐Qin , Wang Li , Ning Zhi‐Xue , Zhang Fu‐Qiang , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: August 2016

[H3O]3[Heta]4.2 [H2dpp]0.3 [In4Sn16O10S32] ·33H2O is prepared by heating a 10:3:3:3 molar mixture of S, SnCl2·2H2O, In(NO3)3, and 1,3‐di(4‐pyridyl)propane (dpp) in ethanolamine (eta) (autoclave, 160 °C, 7 d; 25% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structural and Optical Characterization of APbX3 (A: Methylammonium, Dimethylammonium, Trimethylammonium; X: I, Br, Cl) Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Materials.
Authors: Mancini Alessandro , Quadrelli Paolo , Amoroso Giuseppe , Milanese Chiara , Boiocchi Massimo , Sironi Angelo , Patrini Maddalena , Guizzetti Giorgio , Malavasi Lorenzo
Published: August 2016

APbX3 (A: MeNH3+, Me2NH2+, Me3NH+; X: I, Br) hybrid organic‐inorganic compounds are prepared by dissolving appropriate amounts of Pb(O‐Ac)2 in excess HX (100 °C) followed by the addition of the respective amine (25—40% in H2O) in stoichiometric quantities and subsequent cooling to 46 °C at a rate of 1 °C/min.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Electronic Structure Calculation of a New Centrosymmetric Borate Pb2O[BO2(OH)] Based on Anion‐Centered OPb4 Tetrahedra.
Authors: Sun Feng , Wang Li , Stoumpos Constantinos C.
Published: August 2016

The new title compound is prepared by hydrothermal reaction of a 1:2:5 molar mixture of Pb(NO3)2, SrCO3, and H3BO3 in 1 M KOH (autoclave, 180 °C, 1 d, 40% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity of New Bis(N‐2,6‐diphenylphenol‐R‐salicylaldiminato)Pd(II) Complexes in Suzuki—Miyaura and CO2 Fixation Reactions.
Authors: Oncel Nurdal , Kasumov Veli T. , Sahin Ertan , Ulusoy Mahmut
Published: August 2016

Novel Pd(II)‐salicylaldimine complexes are synthesized and their ability to catalyze the Suzuki—Miyaura coupling of aryl bromides as well as the formation of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2 is evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Evolution of the Reaction Mechanism During the MTH Induction Period over the 2‐Dimensional FER Zeolite.
Authors: Qi Liang , Li Jinzhe , Xu Lei , Liu Zhongmin
Published: August 2016

It is found that a shorter methanol‐to‐hydrocarbon (MTH) induction period can be reached by additionally supplying toluene or pre‐cooking the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Polymer‐Supported Chiral Aminoalcohols Derived from Biomass and Their Application to Asymmetric Alkylation.
Authors: Botta Maria C. , Biava Hernan D. , Spanevello Rolando A. , Mata Ernesto G. , Suarez Alejandra G.
Published: August 2016

Novel polymer‐supported chiral aminoalcohols are tested as chiral ligands for the asymmetric diethylzinc addition to aromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Controlled Product Selectivity in Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino post‐Ugi Construction of (Spiro)polyheterocycles.
Authors: Li Zhenghua , Sharma Nandini , Sharma Upendra K. , Jacobs Jeroen , Van Meervelt Luc , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: August 2016

The title compounds are prepared by domino cyclization of Ugi‐adducts using XantPhos or BINAP as ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: A Unified Approach to Pyrrole‐Embedded Aza‐Heterocyclic Scaffolds Based on the RCM/Isomerization/Cyclization Cascade Catalyzed by a Ru/B‐H Binary Catalyst System.
Authors: Inamdar Suleman M. , Chakrabarty Indradweep , Patil Nitin T.
Published: August 2016

The title compounds are prepared by a cascade reaction sequence of (pyrrolylphenyl)allylacrylamides using Hoveyda‐Grubbs II/BINOL hydrogen phosphate as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Dearomatization of Electron‐Deficient Nitrogen Heterocycles via Cobalt‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyclopropanation.
Authors: Joshi‐Pangu Amruta , Cohen Ryan D. , Tudge Matthew T. , Chen Yonggang
Published: August 2016

Various fused nitrogen containing heteroarenes, including electron‐deficient ones, are cyclopropanated in a highly diastereoselective and enantioselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Reagents for Storage and Regeneration of Nonstabilized Azomethine Ylides: Spiroanthraceneoxazolidines.
Authors: Buev Evgeny M. , Moshkin Vladimir S. , Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Y.
Published: August 2016

The unusual properties of spiroanthraceneoxazolidines (I) derived from easily accessible anthraquinone, N‐substituted glycine, and formaldehyde are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioinspired Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols with a Bifunctional Ligand Based on Bipyridine and TEMPO.
Authors: Wang Lianyue , Bie Zhixing , Shang Sensen , Lv Ying , Li Guosong , Niu Jingyang , Gao Shuang
Published: August 2016

Aldehydes and ketones are prepared in good to excellent yields by oxidation of various alcohols including primary benzylic, allylic, alkynyl, aliphatic alcohols, and secondary benzylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: TCDA: Practical Synthesis and Application in the Trifluoromethylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes.
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Xiaomin , Wan Zehong , Ren Feng
Published: August 2016

An improved synthesis of trimethylsilyl chlorodifluoroacetate (TCDA) is developed and the reagent is successfully used to introduce CF3‐groups into aryl and hetaryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of N‐Nitrosamines under Solvent, Metal and Acid Free Conditions Using tert‐Butyl Nitrite.
Authors: Chaudhary Priyanka , Gupta Surabhi , Muniyappan Nalluchamy , Sabiah Shahulhameed , Kandasamy Jeyakumar
Published: August 2016

A series of N‐nitrosamines is synthesized from the corresponding secondary amines using tert‐butyl nitrite under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni(bpy)(cod): A Convenient Entryway into the Efficient Hydroboration of Ketones, Aldehydes, and Imines.
Authors: King Amanda E. , Stieber S. Chantal E. , Henson Neil J. , Kozimor Stosh A. , Scott Brian L. , Smythe Nathan C. , Sutton Andrew D. , Gordon John C.
Published: August 2016

The title reaction is investigated under NMR conditions resulting in the formation of products from the hydroboration of the C=O and C=N bond.
ChemInform Abstract: A Nitrogen‐Assisted One‐Pot Heteroaryl Ketone Synthesis from Carboxylic Acids and Heteroaryl Halides.
Authors: Mineno Masahiro , et al.
Published: August 2016

A practical one‐pot procedure for the conversion of carboxylic acids (I) to ketones (III) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Substituted Cyclic Enones via Phosphonium Salt‐Activated, Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Cyclic 1,3‐Diones.
Authors: Yang Shyh‐Ming , Kuo Gee‐Hong , Gaul Michael D. , Murray William V.
Published: August 2016

Activation of cyclic 1,3‐diones with PyBroP generates phosphonium salt intermediates which readily undergo Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura coupling with boronic acids and pinacol esters as well as Pd/Cu‐catalyzed Sonogashira coupling with terminal alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkene Diboration: Enhanced Reactivity of 1,2‐Bonded Diboron Complexes.
Authors: Fang Lichao , Yan Lu , Haeffner Fredrik , Morken James P.
Published: August 2016

The reaction is proposed to involve intermediary 1,2‐bonded diboron‐complexes ((dioxadiborinino)dioxadiborinine‐type).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling of Cycloalkanes and Amides.
Authors: Li Yahui , Dong Kaiwu , Zhu Fengxiang , Wang Zechao , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: August 2016

The first copper‐catalyzed carbonylative C—H activation is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Nanoparticles Catalyzed Aroylation of NH‐Sulfoximines with Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Sekar Govindasamy
Published: August 2016

The title reaction is performed using Pd nanoparticles stabilized by a binaphthyl backbone.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Opening of 6‐Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex‐3‐en‐2‐ols in Water under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Vale Joao R. , Siopa Filipa , Branco Paula S. , Afonso Carlos A. M.
Published: August 2016

The title process, investigated for the preparation of aminocyclopentitol units, becomes possible in the presence of nitrogen‐ and sulfur‐containing nucleophiles under physiological conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Free Chiral Iridium Catalysts for Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation of Simple Ketones.
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Irrgang Torsten , Kostakis George E. , Kempe Rhett
Published: August 2016

Novel efficient and easily accessible pyridylalkylamine mononuclear iridium complexes are synthesized and utilized in the asymmetric hydrogenation of various ketones affording the corresponding alcohols.