bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association study reveals the advantaged genes regulating japonica rice grain shape traits in northern China
Authors: Chen Hongwei , Zhang Xue , Tian Shujun , Gao Hong , Sun Jian , Pang Xiu , Li Xiaowan , Li Quanying , Xie Wenxiao , Wang Lili , Liang Chengwei , Sui Guomin , Zheng Wenjing , Ma Zuobin
Published: December 2024

Background

Rice, a staple food for over half of the global population, exhibits significant diversity in grain shape characteristics, which impact not only appearance and milling quality but also grain weight and yield. Identifying genes and loci underlying these traits is crucial for improving rice breeding programs. Previous studies have identified multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes regulating grain length, width, and length-width ratio; however, further investigation is necessary to elucidate their regulatory pathways and their practical application in crop improvement.

Methods

This study employed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 280 japonica rice varieties from northern China to decipher the genetic basis of grain shape traits. Phenotyping included measurements of 11 grain-related traits, such as grain length, width, and area, along with their brown and white rice counterparts. High-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers (33,579) were utilized for genotyping, and GWAS was performed using a mixed linear model (MLM) incorporating principal component analysis (PCA) and kinship (K) matrix to account for population structure and relatedness.

Results

Our analysis detected 15 QTLs associated with the 11 grain shape traits, of which five major QTL clusters emerged as crucial. Candidate genes, including LOC_Os01g50720 (qGL1), OsMKK4 (LOC_Os02g54600, influencing qBA2, qWL2, and qWA2), GW5 (LOC_Os05g09520, controlling qGW5, qBW5, qBR5, qWW5, and qWR5), GW6a (LOC_Os06g44100, associated with qGW6, qBW6, qBR6, qWW6, and qWR6), and FZP (LOC_Os07g47330, linked to qWL7), were identified based on functional annotations and haplotype analysis. These findings offer valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying rice grain shape and suggest promising targets for marker-assisted selection to enhance rice quality and yield.
Superponer, difuminar y revelar: la construcción de lo anónimo desde la
superposición de la singularidad
Authors:   , Joo Lee Josefina Yoon-Ah
Published: December 2024

La tesis presenta una metodología de estudio al Cementerio General, o más
bien al estudio del grano que construye la necrópolis, como una tipología
repetida que se ve neutralizada o generalizada en su conjunto. A primera vista,
sería posible declarar que, en su condición de hito urbano, cada sepultura
correspondería un hito como receptáculo de identidades pasadas. En ese sentido,
sugiere una idea de singularidad en un conjunto mayor. Sin embargo, considerando
el estudio desde las superposiciones de cuerpos – entendido tanto como los
mismos muertos como las construcciones que los albergan –, se desafía la
capacidad de singularidad como excepcionalidad. Esta investigación asume un
carácter exploratorio y ensayístico, busca en la superposición encontrar la
forma más pura de cada tipología de sepultura, como expresión de la pérdida de
cualidades singula-res, evocando la esencialidad del tipo, como también a la
alusión la neutralización en la construcción de un conjunto mayor. Para ello, la
fotografía constituye una herramienta fundamental, dado que se trabajará sobre
imágenes del Cementerio General del Santiago, con superposición según tipologías
y su respectivo análisis, basado en experiencias artísticas contemporáneas del
trabajo de Luis Camnitzer, Bernd y Hilla Becher, e Idris Khan. La idea es
estudiar el fenómeno de la superposición y repetición, entendiendo la tensión
entre lo difuso y lo nítido de la imagen y lo que evoca, para posteriormente
traducir la información en un tipo ideal, que es a la vez esencial e
indiferenciado (o anónimo).
Análisis de la desigualdad en gastos de bolsillo en atención odontológica en
Chile según la encuesta de presupuesto familiar 2016-2017
Authors:   , Pereira Artenizia de Souza
Published: December 2024

El sistema de salud de Chile ha implementado reformas para reducir la
desigualdad socioeconómica en salud a través del desarrollo y expansión de
nuevas políticas de salud. Actualmente, se están discutiendo reformas en el
sistema de salud en el marco de la redacción de una nueva constitución. Sin
embargo, a pesar de la alta incidencia de problemas de salud oral, no existe
información sobre los determinantes de la desigualdad en el pago de gastos de
bolsillo en salud oral (GBO). El GBO es el desembolso monetario que realiza el
paciente al momento de la atención y que no está cubierto por la seguridad
social. Ejemplos de GBO son los copagos de las atenciones de salud y el gasto en
medicamentos. En Chile, la mayor parte de la población financia la atención
odontológica a través de GBO. El gasto de bolsillo en salud es un indicador de
desigualdad en salud, por lo que nos planteamos como objetivo evaluar la
desigualdad en el pago de GBO y sus determinantes en el financiamiento de la
atención odontológica en Chile.Los datos se obtuvieron de la Encuesta de
Presupuestos Familiares (2016-2017), la cual es representativa de 3.379.478
hogares a nivel de centros urbanos de Chile. Para identificar la desigualdad y
los principales determinantes, se utilizó el GAP 20:20, la curva de
concentración, el índice de concentración y la construcción de un modelo en dos
partes (2PM).Resultados: Se encontró una brecha 20:20 de 1,54, similar a la
encontrada en otras áreas de la salud en Chile. Los resultados muestran que hay
desigualdad a favor de los más ricos y en grupos específicos como los mayores de
60 años y los trabajadores domésticos. En el modelo 2PM se descubrió que las
variables determinantes de GBO en salud dental fueron el nivel de estudios,
nivel de ingresos, edad y sistema de salud. Finalmente, nuestros resultados
muestran por primera vez evidencia de desigualdad en el pago de los gastos de
bolsillo en atención odontológica en Chile a favor de los más ricos y, a
diferencia de otros estudios, se demuestra que el sistema de salud influye en la
desigualdad en el financiamiento de la atención dental en Chile.
Enhancing Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench)] Performance: A Comparative Study of Priming Across Varieties
Authors: K. Harshitha Padmaja , Namboodiri Raji Vasudevan , Bastian Dijee , P. Anitha , C. R. Rashmi
Published: December 2024

This study, titled “Enhancing okra performance: A comparative study of priming across varieties,” aimed to evaluate the effects of osmopriming with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 and biopriming with Pseudomonas fluorescens on five okra varieties—Aruna, Anjitha, Pusa-5, Salkeerthi, and Varsha Uphar. The initial seed quality parameters of all the five varieties were assessed immediately after these treatments. Variety Salkeerthi showed superiority for germination and vigour indices closely followed by Varsha Uphar. Both priming treatments had similar effects on initial seed quality parameters and showed superiority over the control. The research employed a Randomized Complete Block design with three replications to assess growth, fruit, and seed traits, revealing significant differences among varieties, treatments, and their interaction. Varsha Uphar exhibited the highest field emergence, plant height, early flowering, number of fruits per plant, and seed yield per plant. Pusa-5 achieved the highest fruit weight and fruit yield per plant. Among treatments, biopriming with Pseudomonas fluorescens (T2) excelled in field emergence, number of branches, and fruit traits, while osmopriming with PEG 6000 (T1) was superior for internodal length and seeds per pod. The Varsha Uphar × Pseudomonas fluorescens combination (V5 × T2) recorded the best performance in field emergence, days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, and seed yield per plant. Meanwhile, Pusa-5 × PEG 6000 (V3 × T1) produced the highest fruit weight and fruit yield per plant. The findings indicate that priming, particularly biopriming with Pseudomonas fluorescens, significantly enhances seedling emergence, growth, and yield, highlighting its potential for improving okra productivity. This study underscores the value of adopting seed priming techniques to optimize performance in okra cultivation.
From cause to care: Can a triple approach to better population data improve the global outlook of congenital heart disease?
Authors: Botto Lorenzo D.
Published: February 2020

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is common, costly, and critical. Approximately half of all infant deaths due to congenital anomalies are associated with CHD or neural tube defects. As infant mortality improves due to better infection control and peripartum care, congenital anomalies are becoming a key driver of pediatric survival and health. Improving CHD prevention and care globally will play a significant role toward key goals such as United Nation's sustainable development goals (SDGs) of good health and well‐being (SDG 3) and reduced inequalities (SDG 10). This review addresses two questions: how can we reinterpret and reframe available data on CHD to spur action in prevention and care? How can we re‐engineer how we currently track CHD in populations to efficiently generate new data to assess successes and detect gaps in prevention and care? Answering these questions requires understanding the causal chain of disease, from cause to CHD occurrence to health outcomes. This perspective provides a logical basis for two innovations. First, develop a data‐driven message that reframes epidemiologic and clinical data in terms of incentives for action, evidence for change, and strategies for population‐wide impact. Second, through partnerships between clinical and public health systems, implement an integrated “triple surveillance,” which, in the same population, concurrently tracks the three elements of the causal chain—causes, disease occurrence, health outcomes. By streamlining activities and minimizing operational waste, such systems can have a vital role in improving prevention and care on a population level, including in many low and middle‐income countries.
Decisions Before Incisions: Technique Selection for the Distal Wedge Procedure
Authors: Johnson Thomas M. , Herold Robert W. , Akers Joshua A. , DiPirro Daniel A. , Berridge Joshua P. , McGary Ryan T.
Published: February 2020

Focused Clinical Question

What factors identify the optimal surgical technique when a distal wedge procedure is indicated at a terminal maxillary or mandibular molar site?

Incision design for the distal wedge procedure is based primarily on the dental arch (maxilla or mandible), the distance from the terminal molar to the hamular notch or ascending ramus, and the dimensions of the attached gingiva.

Conclusions

In most situations, favorable clinical results are achievable irrespective of the chosen distal wedge method, and technique selection is based more on operator preference than evidence. However, anatomic limitations can render distal wedge procedures challenging in some cases, and procedural advantages of specific techniques can simplify treatment. One systematic approach to distal wedge technique selection is presented in this report. Additionally, a laser‐assisted distal wedge protocol is presented for cases in which unfavorable tooth‐to‐ramus distance or presence of a prominent external oblique ridge contraindicates conventional distal wedge techniques.
Gastric schwannoma
Authors: Meegada Sreenath , Gilani Nooman , Balandin Andrei , Verma Rajanshu
Published: February 2020

Gastric Schwannomas are rare benign slow‐growing tumors and warrant treatment/resection only when symptomatic. Watchful waiting is recommended for incidental or asymptomatic schwannomas.
Short‐season corn hybrids to avoid heat and drought stress in the Mid‐South USA
Authors: Williams John J. , Whittenton J. Bryan , Ali Omar N. , Buehring Normie W. , Varco J. Jac , Henry W. Brien
Published: February 2020

Corn grain yield is extremely responsive to the weather conditions during the growing season. Drought stress, as a result of high temperatures and limited naturally occurring precipitation, often limits grain yield in the Mid‐South. Drought stresses often occur during the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive growth stage, which is most impactful to yield because of the high water demand. Our hypothesis was that short‐season corn hybrids of <110 d (∼2700 growing degree units) could avoid heat and drought by flowering earlier when these heat and drought stresses are less likely. Our objective was to evaluate short‐season hybrids in Mid‐South environments along with standard full‐season hybrids for grain yield. The study was conducted in Brooksville and Starkville, MS, in 2015 and Starkville and Verona, MS, in 2016. Earlier maturing hybrids tasseled 3–7 d before standard full‐season hybrids, providing very little benefit from a drought avoidance perspective. Choosing full‐season hybrids increases yield potential in high‐yielding environments in Mississippi in which growing degree units are not limiting as in northern geographies. Short‐season hybrids did not aid in the avoidance of heat and drought and limited overall grain yield. Across all locations, there was a 0.8 bu ac−1 increase in corn grain yield for every day increase in relative maturity from 92 to 120 d.
A green and effective method for the determination of metalaxyl enantiomers in tobacco and soil by supercritical fluid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Fei , Wang Ying , Liu Shanshan , He Chen , Tao Xiaoqiu , Deng Huimin , Tang Gangling , Bian Zhaoyang , Fan Ziyan
Published: February 2020

We reported a new methodology for the stereoselective determination of metalaxyl enantiomers in tobacco and soil. The QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method was used for the extraction and clean‐up of the tobacco and soil samples. Separation of the metalaxyl enantiomers was performed on an ACQUITY UPC2 Trefoil CEL1 chiral column coupled with supercritical fluid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (SFC‐MS/MS), and the run time was only 5 minutes. Under the optimized conditions, the recoveries for the enantiomers were between 78.2% and 93.3% with intraday relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 1.1% to 5.4%. The limit of detection (LOD) for the enantiomers in tobacco and soil varied from 0.005 to 0.007 mg/kg, and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 0.017 to 0.020 mg/kg. In this method, only a small amount of methanol was consumed to obtain a rapid stereoselective separation. This proposed method showed good accuracy and precision and might be suitable for fast enantioselective determination of metalaxyl in food and environmental samples. The developed method was further validated by application to the analysis of authentic samples.
Vibrational optical activity: From discovery and development to future challenges
Authors: Nafie Laurence A.
Published: February 2020

Vibrational optical activity (VOA) consisting of infrared vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and vibrational Raman optical activity (ROA) was predicted, discovered, and confirmed between 1971 and 1975. My path to VOA was mentored by three pioneers of chirality and vibrational spectroscopy: Professors Albert Moscowitz, Warner L. Peticolas, and Philip J. Stephens, and while they are no longer alive today, the Chirality Medal, my award address, and this paper are dedicated to each of them. Since the discovery of VOA, a number of key advances have made possible the current era of widespread applications. The principal instrumental advances were Fourier‐transform VCD (FT‐VCD) and multichannel charge coupled detector (CCD) ROA. Computational advances include the first complete quantum chemistry formulation of VCD leading to the magnetic field perturbation (MFP) and the nuclear velocity perturbation (NVP) theories. The strength of VOA is the comparison between measured and calculated spectra that enables the determination of absolute configuration and solution‐state conformations. More recently, VCD has uncovered supramolecular chirality in amyloid fibrils and ROA to high‐order protein structure. Future challenges for VOA include describing the effects of weak intermolecular interactions, transfer of chirality, solvent effects, supramolecular chirality, and the generation of nuclear velocity electron current density.
Color design of cigarette packaging for reducing smoking rate in youth
Authors: Hou Yadan , Zhang Shuhong , Liu Xuying , Chen Jinzhou , Li Hui
Published: February 2020

Since smokers are becoming younger and younger, it is necessary to curb the tobacco epidemic at a younger age to prevent the devastating damage caused by tobacco products to future generations. This study focuses on the color schemes of cigarette packaging. It aims to find out color schemes of teenage consumers' disgust and apply them to cigarette packaging, which ultimately reduces the desire of purchasing and the smoking rate of young people. First, there were two ways to acquire color schemes. One was to extract the color schemes that can make teenagers disgust and keep them away from cigarette by association of psychological adjectives. The other way was to match achromatic colors with the chromatic colors that teenagers dislike in the questionnaire of 126 colors. Finally, eye movement experiment was used to verify the acquired color schemes meet the expected objectives of this study. A new idea to reduce the smoking rate of teenagers was proposed, and a method for the color design of cigarette packaging was provided.
Constructing and Analyzing Computational Models of Cell Signaling with BioModelAnalyzer
Authors: Hall Benjamin A. , Fisher Jasmin
Published: February 2020

BioModelAnalyzer (BMA) is an open‐source graphical tool for the development of executable models of protein and gene networks within cells. Based upon the Qualitative Networks formalism, the user can rapidly construct large networks, either manually or by connecting motifs selected from a built‐in library. After the appropriate functions for each variable are defined, the user has access to three analysis engines to test the model. In addition to standard simulation tools, BMA includes an interface to the stability‐testing algorithm and to a graphical Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) editor and analysis tool. Alongside this, we have developed a novel ChatBot to aid users constructing LTL queries and to explain the interface and run through tutorials. Here we present worked examples of model construction and testing via the interface. As an initial example, we discuss fate decisions in Dictyostelium discoidum and cAMP signaling. We go on to describe the workflow leading to the construction of a published model of the germline of C. elegans. Finally, we demonstrate how to construct simple models from the built‐in network motif library. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Basic Protocol 1: Modeling the signaling network of Dictyostelium discoidum

Basic Protocol 2: Modeling the germline progression of Caenorhabditis elegans

Basic Protocol 3: Constructing a model of the cell cycle using motifs
Development of Automated Microscopy‐Assisted High‐Content Multiparametric Assays for Cell Cycle Staging and Foci Quantitation
Authors: Frölich Sonja , Robker Rebecca , Russell Darryl
Published: February 2020

The investigation of cell cycle stage‐dependent processes in a population of cells is often performed using flow cytometry. While this approach is high‐throughput, it is relatively low in resolution and unable to measure phenotypic changes or processes occurring in subcellular compartments. We integrated automated microscopy with newly developed informatics workflow that enabled the quantitation of multiple fluorescent markers from specific subnuclear regions throughout a population of cells. Telomeres protect chromosome termini and prevent cellular aging. Cancer cells lengthen telomeres by synthesizing new TTAGGG repeats by the enzyme telomerase, while others activate recombination‐dependent alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). A key feature of the ALT pathway is the specific clustering of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies at telomeres. These ALT‐associated PML bodies (APBs) common in tumors of mesenchymal origin have gained in diagnostic use in the past decade. Here we applied recent improvements in automated microscopy and developed novel informatics workflows for quantitation of multiple fluorescent markers from specific subnuclear regions at the single cell level. Key to this workflow are customized machine learning algorithms within HCS Studio™ Cell Analysis which automatically identify and segment cells into defined regions of interest based on fluorescent markers, measure marker intensities and compute marker colocalizations in specific segmented regions. These multiparametric cellular assays assess cell cycle dynamics as well as the interactome of APBs, are amenable to adherent cells and histological sections, and are adaptable for use with additional markers. In the future we anticipate exploiting these algorithms for a wide range of research questions related to telomere biology with potential to facilitate clinical development of ALT detection assays to benefit patients with these often‐poor prognosis tumors. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Intraindividual variability in behavior shapes fitness landscapes
Authors: Okuyama Toshinori
Published: February 2020

Although intraindividual variability (IIV) in behavior is fundamental to ecological dynamics, the factors that contribute to the expression of IIV are poorly understood. Using an individual‐based model, this study examined the effects of stochasticity on the evolution of IIV represented by the residual variability of behavior. The model describes a population of prey with nonoverlapping generations, in which prey take refuge upon encountering a predator. The strategy of a prey is characterized by the mean and IIV (i.e., standard deviation) of hiding duration. Prey with no IIV will spend the same duration hiding in a refuge at each predator encounter, while prey with IIV will have variable hiding durations among encounters. For the sources of stochasticity, within‐generation stochasticity (represented by random predator encounters) and between‐generation stochasticity (represented by random resource availability) were considered. Analysis of the model indicates that individuals with high levels of IIV are maintained in a population in the presence of between‐generation stochasticity even though the optimal strategy in each generation is a strategy with no IIV, regardless of the presence or absence of within‐generation stochasticity. This contradictory pattern emerges because the mean behavioral trait and IIV do not independently influence fitness (e.g., the sign of the selection gradient with respect to IIV depends on the mean trait). Consequently, even when evolution eventually leads toward a strategy with no IIV (i.e., the optimal strategy), greater IIV may be transiently selected. Between‐generation stochasticity consistently imposes such transient selection and maintain high levels of IIV in a population.
How the opposing pressures of industrialization and democratization influence clean water access in urban and rural areas: A panel study, 1991–2010
Authors: Lim Sijeong , Prakash Aseem
Published: February 2020

What drives a developing country's government to provide access to clean drinking water in urban and rural areas? Because creating water infrastructure is expensive, practicality and efficiency considerations might motivate governments to locate such infrastructures in urban areas with high population density. In contrast, we provide a political explanation of how political incentive shapes where governments locate water infrastructures which, in turn, shapes citizens' water access. In our perspective, developing countries' governments consider the competing pressures of industrialization and democratization. Industrialization enables urban collective action and incentivizes governments to listen to the voice of urban residents. Democratization, in contrast, gives the right to vote to rural residents and incentivizes government to provide water access in rural areas. This means that in nondemocracies, rural areas suffer when the country is undergoing industrialization. Importantly for the policy community, we show that foreign aid does not alter such fundamental political dynamics. Foreign aid accentuates the pro‐urban bias in industrializing nondemocracies. Our analysis of 112 developing countries for the period 1991–2010 provides support for our argument about the critical role of regime type in ensuring equitable drinking water access to rural areas.
Pain interventions in adults with intellectual disability: A scoping review and pharmacological considerations
Authors: Lonchampt Sophie , Gerber Fabienne , Aubry Jean‐Michel , Desmeules Jules , Kosel Markus , Besson Marie
Published: February 2020

Background and Objective

Having to deal on a daily routine with prescriptions in adults with intellectual disability (ID), we systematically reviewed the literature on the specificities of pain interventions in that population, focusing on medication and trying to gather practical information on appropriate pain treatments. Given the scarcity of the literature on the topic, we also discussed the pharmacological considerations to be taken into account when prescribing analgesic drugs in that vulnerable population.

Databases and Data Treatment

Articles on pain and ID were searched in the Medline and Google scholar electronic databases using the key words "Intellectual Disability," "Developmental Disability" and specific keywords for pharmacological and non‐pharmacological pain interventions. Preset outcomes about pharmacological treatment specificity, efficacy and safety were then collected.

Results

One hundred and fifty‐two articles were found and 16 were retained based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the 16 articles, five were topical reviews. Among the 11 remaining articles, five discussed pharmacological interventions, four considered non‐pharmacological interventions and two discussed both. As anticipated, the literature matching our specific outcomes about the pharmacological treatment of pain was scarce and for the most part not designed to answer the questions of specificity, efficacy and safety of pain treatment in adults with ID.

Conclusion

The specificity of analgesic treatments in adults with ID is a totally unexplored domain. In the absence of clinical guidelines, pharmacological facts—such as inter‐individual variability in drug response, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions, frequent co‐morbidities and ease of administration—must be systematically integrated, when prescribing in the population of adults with ID.

Significance

This review synthesizes the state of research on pain interventions in adults with ID and is one of the rare articles addressing the specificities of analgesic prescriptions in this population.
Electrochemical Determination of the Effect of Caffeic Acid onto the Interaction between Idarubicin and DNA by Single‐use Disposable Electrodes
Authors: Öndeş Baha , Muti Mihrican
Published: February 2020

Now it is well known, antioxidant may affect the interaction of anticancer drugs and DNA. This study aims to investigate the interaction between Idarubicin and DNA and the effect of caffeic acid on this interaction. Disposable, inexpensive, easy handle electrodes were used in this study to investigate the interaction of idarubicin and DNA electrochemically. Idarubicin (IDR) is an anthracyline antitumor antibiotic, which used against one or more types of leukemia.

Electrochemical behaviour of IDR was investigated by using cyclic voltammetry. The interaction between anticancer drug, IDR and calf thymus double‐stranded DNA (ctdsDNA) was investigated by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique in the absence and presence of caffeic acid.
Are bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder increasing? Results of a population‐based study of lifetime prevalence and lifetime prevalence by age in South Australia
Authors: Bagaric Marija , Touyz Stephen , Heriseanu Andreea , Conti Janet , Hay Phillipa
Published: February 2020

Objective

This study aimed to provide updated lifetime prevalence estimates of eating disorders, specifically bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) and investigate changes over time in lifetime prevalence by age.

Method

Two thousand nine hundred seventy‐seven participants from South Australia were interviewed in the Health Omnibus Survey. DSM‐5 criteria were used for current and broad (in accord with the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems‐11 [ICD‐11]) criteria for lifetime prevalence of BED.

Results

This study found that the lifetime prevalence of BN was 1.21% (95% CI [0.87, 1.67]) and 2.59% (95% CI [2.07, 3.22]) for males and females, respectively, and that lifetime prevalence for BED‐broad was 0.74% (95% CI [0.49, 1.11]) and 1.85% (95% CI [1.42, 2.40]) for males and females, respectively, which is higher than reported in previous research. Current prevalence (past 3 months) of BN was 0.40% (95% CI [0.23, 0.70]) and 0.81% (95% CI [0.54, 1.20]) for males and females, respectively, and current prevalence for BED was found to be 0.03 (95% CI [0.01, 0.04]) and 0.20% (95% CI [0.09, 0.44]) for males and females, respectively.

Conclusions

The current study confirmed the moderate community prevalence of BN and BED. BED was found to be less prevalent than BN in the present study, and a significant lifetime prevalence by age effect was found for both. Lifetime prevalence by age indicated that past increases in prevalence may be waning in this century and that overall BN and BED are not increasing in Australia.
Advanced event‐base exhibition management mobile applications social networks using fuzzy reasoning‐based routing cum forwarding algorithm
Authors: Li Yi
Published: February 2020

5G is the fifth‐generation mobile innovation that not only just expands the downloading and transferring speeds over the mobile networks, however, it additionally decreases the latency, which is the time taken by a system to respond, builds energy proficiency, and offers increasingly stable system associations. It has been seen that the present Internet structure is not appropriate for current and developing traffic requests. Many content distributions advances such as content Delivery Networks and shared frameworks have developed to allow content access by name as instead of server area or address. In addition, to respond to the expanding volumes of traffic for such applications as video on demand and distributed cloud computing, numerous works have been attempted to empower reserving, content replication, and preparing inside the system. Such advancements are exceptionally dependent on the distribution channel and execute as an overlay on the current Internet structure, which results in various inefficient result aspects. In recent years, it is highly difficult to develop a routing cum forwarding algorithm in order to overcome the existing problems, the introduced fuzzy reasoning‐based routing cum forwarding algorithm. In this fuzzy method, the mobile devices evaluate the transmission priority and decide the transmission decision too. On comparing to the existing routing algorithms, the fuzzy concept should have reduced energy consumption, increased time delay, and high transmission efficiency and the above parametric results are verified by the fact of the fuzzy algorithm.
White matter extension of the Melbourne Children's Regional Infant Brain atlas: M‐CRIB‐WM
Authors: Alexander Bonnie , Yang Joseph Yuan‐Mou , Yao Sarah Hui Wen , Wu Michelle Hao , Chen Jian , Kelly Claire E. , Ball Gareth , Matthews Lillian G. , Seal Marc L. , Anderson Peter J. , Doyle Lex W. , Cheong Jeanie L. Y. , Spittle Alicia J. , Thompson Deanne K.
Published: February 2020

Brain atlases providing standardised identification of neonatal brain regions are key in investigating neurological disorders of early childhood. Our previously developed Melbourne Children's Regional Infant Brain (M‐CRIB) and M‐CRIB 2.0 neonatal brain atlases provide standardised parcellation of 100 brain regions including cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar regions. The aim of this study was to extend M‐CRIB atlas coverage to include 54 white matter (WM) regions. Participants were 10 healthy term‐born neonates that were used to create the initial M‐CRIB atlas. WM regions were manually segmented based on T2 images and co‐registered diffusion tensor imaging‐based, direction‐encoded colour maps. Our labelled regions imitate the Johns Hopkins University neonatal atlas, with minor anatomical modifications. All segmentations were reviewed and approved by a paediatric radiologist and a neurosurgery research fellow for anatomical accuracy. The resulting neonatal WM atlas comprises 54 WM regions: 24 paired regions, and six unpaired regions comprising five corpus callosum subdivisions, and one pontine crossing tract. Detailed protocols for manual WM parcellations are provided, and the M‐CRIB‐WM atlas is presented together with the existing M‐CRIB cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar parcellations in 10 individual neonatal MRI data sets. The novel M‐CRIB‐WM atlas, along with the M‐CRIB cortical and subcortical atlases, provide neonatal whole brain MRI coverage in the first multi‐subject manually parcellated neonatal atlas compatible with atlases commonly used at older time points. The M‐CRIB‐WM atlas is publicly available, providing a valuable tool that will help facilitate neuroimaging research into neonatal brain development in both healthy and diseased states.
Efficacy of late concurrent hypofractionated radiotherapy in advanced melanoma patients failing anti‐PD‐1 monotherapy
Authors: Funck‐Brentano Elisa , Baghad Bouchra , Fort Magali , Aouidad Iman , Roger Anissa , Beauchet Alain , Otmezguine Yves , Blom Astrid , Longvert Christine , Boru Blandine , Saiag Philippe
Published: February 2020

Advanced melanoma patients who failed anti‐PD‐1 therapy have limited options. We analyzed a cohort of 133 advanced melanoma patients receiving anti‐PD‐1 monotherapy in a referral center between April 2015 and December 2017, and included the 26 patients with confirmed progressive (PD) or stable disease who received additional radiotherapy with an unmodified anti‐PD‐1 mAb regimen. Tumor evaluations were done on radiated and nonradiated (RECIST 1.1) lesions, with abscopal effect defined as a partial (PR) or complete response (CR) outside radiated fields. Primary endpoint was the CR + PR rate in radiated + nonradiated lesions. Secondary endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS), melanoma‐specific survival (MSS) and safety. First late radiotherapy, consisting of hypofractionated radiotherapy (3–5 sessions, 20–26 Gy), standard palliative radiotherapy or brain radiosurgery was begun after a median of 6.3 months of anti‐PD‐1 in 23, 2 and 1 patient(s), respectively. Best response was 8 (31%) CR, 2 (8%) profound PR allowing surgical resection of remaining metastases and 16 (62%) PD. Abscopal effect was seen in 35% of patients. Median PFS and MSS since anti‐PD‐1 initiation was 15.2 [95% CI: 8.0 not achieved (na)] and 35.3 [95% CI: 18.5 na] months, respectively. PFS curves seemed to achieve a plateau. We discontinued anti‐PD‐1 therapy in 9/10 of patients with no residual evaluable disease and observed one relapse after a median of 10 months off anti‐PD1‐therapy. No unusual adverse event was recorded. Limitations of the study include its retrospective nature and limited size. Hypofractionated radiotherapy may enhance anti‐PD1 monotherapy efficacy in patients who previously failed anti‐PD‐1 therapy. Controlled studies are needed.
Predictors of stress generation in Turkish young adults: The role of rumination and excessive reassurance seeking
Authors: Tuna Ezgi
Published: February 2020

The stress generation model posits that not only stressful life‐events predict depressive symptoms, but also depressive‐prone individuals think and behave in ways that make them more vulnerable to experience life‐stress. Evidence has supported the bi‐directional relationship between stress and depressive symptoms, and there has been an attempt in identifying vulnerability factors for stress generation. Yet, there is a need for studies focusing on multiple risk factors and a replication of findings in non‐Western samples. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of rumination and excessive reassurance seeking (ERS) in stress generation in a sample of Turkish young adults. A sample of 318 Turkish college students reported on their rumination, ERS, intensity of stressful life‐events and depressive symptoms. A subsample of 162 participants also completed a measure of life‐events 5 months later. Cross‐sectional results showed that rumination and ERS contribute to life‐stress over and above depressive symptoms and gender. Mediational analyses indicated that ERS does not mediate the relationship between rumination and life‐stress at 5 months. Rather, rumination fully mediated the relationship between ERS and future life‐stress. Results provide evidence for stress generation, and highlight the interconnection between rumination and
ERS.
Parent and child emotion and distress responses associated with parental accommodation of child anxiety symptoms
Authors: O'Connor Erin E. , Holly Lindsay E. , Chevalier Lydia L. , Pincus Donna B. , Langer David A.
Published: February 2020

Objective

Parental accommodation contributes to the maintenance of child anxiety and related symptoms. The current study examines the contributions of parent and child factors to parental accommodation in a sample of anxious youth.

Methods

Sixty‐four treatment‐seeking youth (6–16 years) and their mothers, as well as a subset of fathers (N = 41) reported on parental accommodation, parental distress and emotion regulation, child psychopathology, child externalizing behaviors, and child intolerance of uncertainty.

Results

Parental accommodation was not related to parental distress or emotion regulation. Parents who viewed their child as being more symptomatic (e.g., anxious, externalizing, and intolerant of uncertainty) were more likely to engage in accommodation. For mothers, child anxiety and externalizing symptoms were notable predictors of accommodation.

Conclusions

Parent perceptions of child symptomology is an important factor significantly related to accommodation behaviors. This finding can be used to inform programming designed to target parental responses to child anxiety and related disorders.
Low‐wavenumber Raman scattering of phospholipid bilayers in fluid, ripple, and gel phases
Authors: Surovtsev N.V. , Adichtchev S.V.
Published: February 2020

Low‐wavenumber Raman spectra of the aqueous suspension of multilamellar vesicles made of 1,2‐dimyristoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine have been studied. The Raman susceptibility of phospholipid bilayers was experimentally found for the gel, ripple, and fluid lipid phases. Comparison of the Raman susceptibility with the inelastic neutron and X‐ray scattering data evidences that the Raman spectrum reflects the in‐plane phonon density of states. Also, the Raman susceptibility reveals peaks below ~ 30 cm−1 associating with the off‐plane modes. These peaks were found to be sensitive to the lipid phase. In particular, the ripple spectrum included the off‐plane modes of the fluid and gel phases. The low‐wavenumber Raman spectroscopy becomes a powerful method for studying THz vibrational modes of phospholipid bilayers, corresponding to nanometer response of the bilayers.
Commentary on the Special Issue on Network Analysis: Assessment, Intervention, Theory, and the Nature of Reality: Actualizing the Potential of Network Perspectives on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Weems Carl F.
Published: February 2020

This commentary on the Journal of Traumatic Stress special issue on network analysis explores the network perspective on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), emphasizing the advances in research made in this collection of articles. The commentary is organized around the following themes related to actualizing the perspective's methodological, assessment, and intervention potential and the potential shift in the theoretical underpinnings of mental disorders that networks models imply. First, extant data using network analysis suggest that reactions to traumatic stress are more complicated than once thought but that this complexity does not mean efficient, relatively simple heuristics to aid assessment and intervention do not exist. Attention to methodological issues in symptom assessment may help move this aspect of the research forward. Second, the extant research is largely correlational and has not yet established causal linkages, although temporal associations underlying network models are being identified. Prospective and intervention studies employing network analysis are critical. Third, the network perspective of PTSD symptoms may advance research on the mechanisms of risk and resilience (e.g., neurodevelopmental, cognitive behavioral, emotional, and social models) by helping link symptoms to theoretical causal processes. A developmental framework that views the effect of traumatic stress in terms of temporal cascades of reactions with both negative and potentially positive cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional outcomes fits the network analysis model. Fourth, network models call into question some of the fundamental assumptions underlying the conceptualization of mental disorders, leaving several ontological questions and implications currently unanswered; research examining the implications of the new assumptions is needed.
Adaptive scan duration in SPECT: Evaluation for radioembolization
Authors: Dietze Martijn M. A. , Kunnen Britt , Beijst Casper , de Jong Hugo W. A. M.
Published: February 2020

Purpose

It may be challenging to select the optimal scan duration for single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) protocols because the activity distribution characteristics can differ in every scan. Using simulations and experiments, we investigated whether the scan duration can be optimized for every scan separately by evaluating the activity distribution during scanning. We refer to this as adaptive scanning.

Methods

The feasibility of adaptive scanning was evaluated for the detection of extrahepatic depositions in the pretreatment procedure of radioembolization, in which 99mTc‐labeled macroaggregated albumin (99mTc‐MAA) is injected into the liver. We simulated fast 1‐min detector rotations and updated the reconstruction with the newly collected counts after every rotation. The scan was terminated when one of the two criteria was met: (a) when the mask difference of the detected extrahepatic deposition between two consecutive rotations was lower than 5%; or (b) when the reconstructed extrahepatic activity was negligible with respect to the total reconstructed activity (<0.075%). The performance of adaptive scanning was evaluated using a digital phantom with various activity distributions, a physical phantom experiment, and simulations based on 129 patient activity distributions.

Results

The digital phantom data showed that the scan termination times substantially depended on the activity distribution characteristics. The experimental phantom data showed the feasibility of adaptive scanning with physical scanner measurements and illustrated that fast detector motion was not limiting the adaptive scanning performance. The patient data showed a large spread in the scan terminations times. By adaptive scanning, the mean scan duration of the patient distributions was shortened from 20 min (current clinical protocol) to 4.8 ± 0.2 min. The detection accuracy of extrahepatic depositions was unaffected and the mean difference in the extrahepatic deposition masks (compared with the 20‐min scan) was only 7.0 ± 1.0%.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that the SPECT scan duration can be personalized by assessing the activity distribution characteristics during scanning for the detection of extrahepatic depositions in the pretreatment procedure of radioembolization. The adaptive scanning approach might also be of benefit for other SPECT protocols, as long as a measure of interest is available for optimization.
2D multislice MP2RAGE sequence for fast T1 mapping at 7 T: Application to mouse imaging and MR thermometry
Authors: Faller Thibaut L. , Trotier Aurélien J. , Rousseau Alice F. , Franconi Jean‐Michel , Miraux Sylvain , Ribot Emeline J.
Published: February 2020

Purpose

To develop a 2D radial multislice MP2RAGE sequence for fast and reliable T1 mapping at 7 T in mice and for MR thermometry.

Methods

The 2D‐MP2RAGE sequence was performed with the following parameters: TI1‐TI2‐MP2RAGETR = 1000‐3000‐9000 ms. The multiple dead times within the sequence were used for interleaved multislice acquisition, enabling one to acquire six slices in 9 seconds. The excitation pulse shape, inversion selectivity, and interslice gap were optimized. In vitro comparison with the inversion‐recovery sequence was performed. The T1 variations with temperature were measured on tubes with T1 ranging from 800 ms to 2000 ms. The sequence was used to acquire T1 maps continuously during 30 minutes on the brain and abdomen of healthy mice.

Results

A three‐lobe cardinal sine excitation pulse, combined with an inversion slice thickness and an interslice gap of respectively 150% and 50% of the imaging slice thickness, led to a SD and bias of the T1 measurements below 1% and 2%, respectively. A linear dependence of T1 with temperature was measured between 10°C and 60°C. In vivo, less than 1% variation was measured between successive T1 maps in the mouse brain. In the abdomen, no obvious in‐plane motion artifacts were observed but respiratory motion in the slice dimension led to 6% T1 underestimation.

Conclusion

The multislice MP2RAGE sequence could be used for fast whole‐body T1 mapping and MR thermometry. Its reconstruction method would enable on‐the‐fly reconstruction.
Oxandrolone in Patients on Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case Series
Authors: Pelekhaty Stacy L. , Pajoumand Mehrnaz , Omanwa Kristen S. , Galvagno Jr Samuel M. , Lantry James H. , Deatrick Kristopher B. , Cornachione Christopher R. , Menaker Jay
Published: February 2020

Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) induces a systemic inflammatory response, which may progress to persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS). The anabolic steroid oxandrolone may improve the metabolic aberrations of PICS. We report our experience with 3 patients on VV ECMO who received oxandrolone after demonstrating refractory catabolism on serial nitrogen balance (NB) studies or persistent weakness. Patients in cases 1 and 3 were started on oxandrolone on VV ECMO days 45 and 29, respectively, for negative NB despite nutrition optimization. The case 2 patient started oxandrolone for persistent weakness 68 days after cannulation. All patients demonstrated improvements in NB results. One patient developed mild transaminitis while on oxandrolone, which did not alter his medication course and resolved after the medication was discontinued. The impact of oxandrolone on functional capacity varied between patients. Oxandrolone may be beneficial in persistently catabolic VV ECMO patients to improve NB results. In some patients, this may support functional recovery. Additional research is needed to identify optimal patients for therapy and to investigate the impact of oxandrolone in this population.