bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Insights on the Information Content of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Sentinel-2 Time Series for Assessing Vegetation Dynamics
Authors: Sáenz César , Cicuéndez Víctor , García Gabriel , Madruga Diego , Recuero Laura , Bermejo-Saiz Alfonso , Litago Javier , de la Calle Ignacio , Palacios-Orueta Alicia
Published: August 2024

The Sentinel-2 NDVI time series information content from 2017 to 2023 at a 10 m spatial resolution was evaluated based on the NDVI temporal dependency in five scenarios in central Spain. First, time series were interpolated and then filtered using the Savitzky–Golay, Fast Fourier Transform, Whittaker, and Maximum Value filters. Temporal dependency was assessed using the Q-Ljung-Box and Fisher’s Kappa tests, and similarity between raw and filtered time series was assessed using Correlation Coefficient and Root Mean Square Error. An Interpolating Efficiency Indicator (IEI) was proposed to summarize the number and temporal distribution of low-quality observations. Type of climate, atmospheric disturbances, land cover dynamics, and management were the main sources of variability in five scenarios: (1) rainfed wheat and barley presented high short-term variability due to clouds (lower IEI in winter and spring) during the growing cycle and high interannual variability due to precipitation; (2) maize showed stable summer cycles (high IEI) and low interannual variability due to irrigation; (3) irrigated alfalfa was cut five to six times during summer, resulting in specific intra-annual variability; (4) beech forest showed a strong and stable summer cycle, despite the short-term variability due to clouds (low IEI); and (5) evergreen pine forest had a highly variable growing cycle due to fast responses to temperature and precipitation through the year and medium IEI values. Interpolation after removing non-valid observations resulted in an increase in temporal dependency (Q-test), particularly a short term in areas with low IEI values. The information improvement made it possible to identify hidden periodicities and trends using the Fisher’s Kappa test. The SG filter showed high similarity values and weak influence on dynamics, while the MVF showed an overestimation of the NDVI values.
Enhancing Regional Quasi-Geoid Refinement Precision: An Analytical Approach Employing ADS80 Tri-Linear Array Stereoscopic Imagery and GNSS Gravity-Potential Leveling
Authors: Xu Wei , Chen Gang , Yang Defang , Ding Kaihua , Dong Rendong , Ma Xuyan , Han Sipeng , Zhang Shengpeng , Zhang Yongyin
Published: August 2024

This research investigates precision enhancement in regional quasi-geoid refinement through ADS80 tri-linear array scanning stereoscopic imagery for aerial triangulation coupled with GNSS gravity-potential modeling. By acquiring stereoscopic imagery and analyzing triangulation accuracy using an ADS80 camera, we performed this study over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau’s elevated, desolate terrain, collecting 593 GNSS points following high-precision stereoscopic imagery modeling. By utilizing 12 gravity satellite models, we computed geoid heights and China’s 1985 Yellow Sea elevations for 28 benchmarks and GNSS points, thereby refining the Qinghai Province Quasi-Geoid Model (QPQM) using geometric techniques. The findings reveal that POS-assisted ADS80 stereoscopic imagery yields high-precision triangulation with maximal horizontal and elevation accuracies of 0.083/0.116 cm and 0.053/0.09 cm, respectively, across five control point arrangements. The RMSE of normal heights for 1985, processed via these GNSS points, achieved decimeter precision. By applying error corrections from benchmarks to the 1985 elevation data from gravity satellites and performing weighted averaging, the precision of EGM2008, SGG-UGM-2, and SGG-UGM-1 models improved to 8.61 cm, 9.09 cm, and 9.38 cm, respectively, surpassing the QPQM by 9.22 cm to 9.99 cm. This research demonstrates that the proposed methods can significantly enhance the precision of regional quasi-geoid surfaces. Additionally, these methods offer a novel approach for rapidly establishing regional quasi-geoid models in the uninhabited areas of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.
Shallow Water Depth Estimation of Inland Wetlands Using Landsat 8 Satellite Images
Authors: Owusu Collins , Masto Nicholas M. , Kalyanapu Alfred J. , Murdock Justin N. , Cohen Bradley S.
Published: August 2024

Water depth affects many aspects of wetland ecology, hydrology, and biogeochemistry. However, acquiring water depth data is often difficult due to inadequate monitoring or insufficient funds. Satellite-derived bathymetry (SBD) data provides cost-effective and rapid estimates of the water depth across large areas. However, the applicability and performance of these techniques for inland wetlands have not been thoroughly evaluated. Here, a time series of bathymetry data for inland wetlands in West Kentucky and Tennessee were derived from Landsat 8 images using two widely used empirical models, Stumpf and a modified Lyzenga model and three machine learning models, Random Forest, Support Vector regression, and k-Nearest Neighbor. We processed satellite images using Google Earth Engine and compared the performance of water depth estimation among the different models. The performance assessment at validation sites resulted in an RMSE in the range of 0.18–0.47 m and R2 in the range of 0.71–0.83 across all models for depths <3.5 m, while in depths >3.5 m, an RMSE = 1.43–1.78 m and R2 = 0.57–0.65 was obtained. Overall, the empirical models marginally outperformed the machine learning models, although statistical tests indicated the results from all the models were not significantly different. Testing of the models beyond the domain of the training and validation data suggested the potential for model transferability to other regions with similar hydrologic and environmental characteristics.
Evaluation of Short-Season Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Breeding Lines for Tofu Production
Authors: Hadinezhad Mehri , Lackey Simon , Cober Elroy R.
Published: August 2024

Soybean breeding programs targeting tofu quality must evaluate their performance within zones of adaptation. A comprehensive study was carried out to examine soybean breeding lines from three maturity groups (MGs; MG0, MG00, and MG000) from 2018 to 2022. Several agronomic, chemical composition and tofu-related quality traits were evaluated, and the associations among traits were investigated. The results showed that genotypes in MG0 yielded higher and matured later, which confirmed that the selection of targeted genotypes for a specific maturity group was successful. Non-imbibed “stone seeds”, an important quality trait for tofu processors, were higher in MG000 lines. Tofu texture using both GDL and MgCl2 coagulants was positively associated, indicating one coagulant might be enough for screening purposes. The MG by traits biplot showed very clear MG clustering for all genotypes tested from 2018 to 2022, signifying that the MG has a more pronounced effect on the investigated traits than the environmental effects seen in different years, regardless of the MG. Most tofu-related traits were higher and showed stronger associations in MG0 lines compared to the lines in earlier MGs, indicating a need for future effort in shorter season MGs. Overall, this study provided useful information for selecting soybean lines for tofu end-use application targeting specific MGs.
Technical Quality of Contemporary Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: An Assessment by Study of Anatomical Features Needing Attention at Revision Surgery
Authors: Kumar Nitish , Lanca Gomes Pedro , Marino Michael J. , Miglani Amar , Lal Devyani
Published: August 2024

Although technical causes of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) failure have long been reported, we were curious about the quality of contemporary sinus surgery. The electronic health database of Mayo Clinic, Arizona was scrutinized to identify adult patients with diffuse chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) who underwent revision ESS between January 2019 and September 2023 with a history of bilateral full-house ESS. Anatomical features on preoperative radiology and intraoperative endoscopy were cataloged: residual uncinate tissue, maxillary antrostomy with a non-incorporated natural os, residual ethmoidal septations (three septations > 3 mm), and inadequate sphenoid osteotomy (os size < 6 mm). Sixty-nine subjects were identified. A deviated nasal septum was present in 53.6%. Residual uncinate tissue was noted in 50.7% of patients associated with missed natural maxillary os in 39.13% of antrostomies. An inadequate os diameter was noted in 63.8% of sphenoidotomies. Significant residual septations were seen in posterior ethmoidal cells in 66.7% and anterior ethmoidal cells in 62.3% of patients. Residual frontoethmoidal cells were noted in 72.4% of patients. Although the extent of ESS must be individualized, a high prevalence of features reflecting suboptimal surgery that could limit the success of ESS was identified. These findings merit further consideration for focused training during residency and continuous professional development activities.
Leading Sustainability: The Impact of Executives’ Environmental Background on the Enterprise’s ESG Performance
Authors: Zhang Qian , Tan Linfang , Gao Da
Published: August 2024

Improving corporate ESG performance is regarded as a useful means to promote low-carbon transformation. Based on executive echelon theory, this study uses textual analysis to identify the executives’ environmental background characteristics and explores the impact on the company’s ESG performance, using data on China’s A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2021. The empirical results show that (1) the environmental background of executives has a positive impact on the enterprise’s ESG performance, and a series of robustness tests reconfirm this finding. (2) The mediating effect model shows that the executives’ environmental background can trigger environmental investment and the green innovation effect, improving the enterprise’s ESG performance. (3) The heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of the environmental background of executives on the firm’s ESG performance is more sensitive in non-state-owned and heavily polluting enterprises. (4) Improving corporate ESG performance can also promote economic performance and achieve the dual goals of the “environment + economy”. The conclusions in this study provide a theoretical basis and practical enlightenment for the government to formulate environmental policies.
Influence of Soil Moisture in Semi-Fixed Sand Dunes of the Tengger Desert, China, Based on PLS-SEM and SHAP Models
Authors: Qi Haidi , Zhang Dinghai , Zhang Zhishan , Zhao Youyi , Shi Zhanhong
Published: August 2024

Drought stress significantly limits the function and stability of desert ecosystems. This research examines the distribution characteristics of soil moisture across different microtopographic types in the semi-fixed dunes located at the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert. We constructed a path model to examine the direct and indirect impacts of topography, shrub vegetation, and herbaceous vegetation. The data encompassed soil moisture, topography, and vegetation variables, which were collected from field experiments to ensure their accuracy and relevance. Furthermore, SHAP models based on machine learning algorithms were utilized to elucidate the specific mechanisms through which key factors influence soil moisture. The results of the descriptive statistics indicate the highest surface soil moisture content, recorded at 1.21%, was observed at the bottom of the dunes, while the leeward slopes demonstrated elevated moisture levels in the middle and deep soil layers, with measurements of 2.25% and 2.43%, respectively. Soil moisture at different depths initially decreases and then increases with greater herbaceous cover and slope direction, while surface soil moisture follows a similar trend in terms of height difference, with 3 m serving as the boundary for trend changes. Middle and deep soil moistures initially increase and then decrease with greater biomass and shrub coverage, with 30 g and 40% serving as the boundary for trend changes respectively. This study elucidates the spatial distribution patterns and influencing factors of soil moisture in semi-fixed dunes, offering valuable references for the establishment of sand-stabilizing vegetation in desert regions.
Examining the Controls on the Spatial Distribution of Landslides Triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquake, China, Using Methods of Spatial Point Pattern Analysis
Authors: Bai Guangshun , Yang Xuemei , Bai Guangxin , Kong Zhigang , Zhu Jieyong , Zhang Shitao
Published: August 2024

Landslide risk management contributes to the sustainable development of the region. Understanding the spatial controls on the distribution of landslides triggered by earthquakes (EqTLs) is difficult in terms of the prediction and risk assessment of EqTLs. In this study, landslides are regarded as a spatial point pattern to test the controls on the spatial distribution of landslides and model the landslide density prediction. Taking more than 190,000 landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake (WcEqTLs) as the research object, the relative density estimation, Kolmogorov–Smirnov testing based on cumulative distribution, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, and Poisson density modeling are comprehensively applied to quantitatively determine and discuss the different control effects of seven factors representing earthquakes, geology, and topography. The distance to the surface ruptures (dSR) and the distance to the epicenter (dEp) show significant and strong control effects, which are far stronger than the other five factors. Using only the dSR, dEp, engineering geological rock group (Eg), and the range, a particularly effective Poisson model of landslide density is constructed, whose area under the ROC (AUC) reaches 0.9244 and whose very high-density (VHD) zones can contain 50% of landslides and only comprise 3.9% of the study areas. This research not only deepens our understanding of the spatial distribution of WcEqTLs but also provides new technical methods for such investigation and analysis.
Planck Length Emerging as the Invariant Quantum Minimum Effective Length Determined by the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle in Manifestly Covariant Quantum Gravity Theory
Authors: Cremaschini Claudio , Tessarotto Massimo
Published: August 2024

The meaning of the quantum minimum effective length that should distinguish the quantum nature of a gravitational field is investigated in the context of manifestly covariant quantum gravity theory (CQG-theory). In such a framework, the possible occurrence of a non-vanishing minimum length requires one to identify it necessarily with a 4-scalar proper length s.It is shown that the latter must be treated in a statistical way and associated with a lower bound in the error measurement of distance, namely to be identified with a standard deviation. In this reference, the existence of a minimum length is proven based on a canonical form of Heisenberg inequality that is peculiar to CQG-theory in predicting massive quantum gravitons with finite path-length trajectories. As a notable outcome, it is found that, apart from a numerical factor of O1, the invariant minimum length is realized by the Planck length, which, therefore, arises as a constitutive element of quantum gravity phenomenology. This theoretical result permits one to establish the intrinsic minimum-length character of CQG-theory, which emerges consistently with manifest covariance as one of its foundational properties and is rooted both on the mathematical structure of canonical Hamiltonian quantization, as well as on the logic underlying the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
Anti-Fatigue-Damage-Oriented Through-Life Optimization and Control of High-Power IGCT Converters in Wind Energy Systems
Authors: Chen Yiyang , Zhang Yimin , Chen Haoyu , Li Zhen , Zhang Zhenbin
Published: August 2024

Integrated gate commutated thyristors (IGCTs) are critical components in high-voltage, high-current, and high-power conversion systems, particularly in offshore wind energy systems. However, the working environment of offshore wind energy conversion systems is extremely harsh. In this article, we propose an active damage control approach aiming at enhancing the reliability of the conversion system. By employing electro-thermal modeling for the equipment of the offshore wind energy conversion system, the junction temperature and fatigue damage of IGCT are simulated during the operation process. Using the improved model predictive current control (MPCC) method, active damage control effectively regulates the switching frequency of IGCT. IGCTs are symmetrically distributed on each leg of the converter, so the lifespan of the two IGCTs on each leg is also considered to be similar. This method balances the life of the IGCTs on the three legs of the converter and optimizes their utilization to the maximum extent. These measures effectively enhance the reliability of the conversion system and lower the operation and maintenance cost of high-power IGCT converters. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by co-simulation results by ANSYS and MATLAB/Simulink.
Logit and Probit Models Explaining Mode Choice and Frequency of Public Transit Ridership among University Students in Krakow, Poland
Authors: Masoumi Houshmand , Mehriar Melika , Nosal-Hoy Katarzyna
Published: August 2024

The predictors of urban trip mode choice and one of its important components, public transit ridership, have still not been thoroughly investigated using case studies in Central Europe. Therefore, this study attempts to clarify the correlates of mode choices for commute travel and shopping, and entertainment travel to distant places, as well as the frequencies of public transit use of university students, using a wide range of explanatory variables covering individual, household, and socio-economic attributes as well as their perceptions, mobility, and the nearby built environment. The correlation hypothesis of these factors, especially the role of the street network, was tested by collecting the data from 1288 university students in Krakow and developing Binary Logistic and Ordinal Probit models. The results show that gender, age, car ownership, main daily activity, possession of a driving license, gross monthly income, duration of living in the current home, daily shopping area, sense of belonging to the neighborhood, quality of social/recreational facilities of the neighborhood, and commuting distance can predict commute and non-commute mode choices, while gender, daily activity, financial dependence from the family, entertainment place, quality of social/recreational facilities, residential self-selection, number of commute trips, time living in the current home, and street connectivity around home are significantly correlated with public transit use. Some of these findings are somewhat different from those regarding university students in Western Europe or other high-income countries. These results can be used for policy making to reduce students’ personal and household car use and increase sustainable modal share in Poland and similar neighboring countries.
Mayaro Virus: An Emerging Alphavirus in the Americas
Authors: Wei Lily Li Lin , Tom Rufaro , Kim Young Chan
Published: August 2024

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an arbovirus first isolated in Trinidad and Tobago in 1954. MAYV is the causative agent of Mayaro fever, which is characterised by high fever, maculopapular rash, myalgia and arthralgia. The potential for chronic arthralgia is of particular clinical concern. Currently, MAYV outbreaks are restricted to South and Central America, with some cases reported in Africa as well as several imported cases in Europe. However, in recent years, MAYV has become a growing global concern due to its potential to emerge into urban transmission cycles. Challenges faced with diagnostics, as well as a lack of specific antivirals or licensed vaccines further exacerbate the potential global health threat posed by MAYV. In this review, we discuss this emerging arboviral threat with a particular focus on the current treatment and vaccine development efforts. Overall, MAYV remains a neglected arbovirus due to its limited area of transmission. However, with the potential of its urbanisation and expanding circulation, the threat MAYV poses to global health cannot be overlooked. Further research into the improvement of current diagnostics, as well as the development of efficacious antivirals and vaccines will be crucial to help prevent and manage potential MAYV outbreaks.
Comparative Analysis of YOLOv8 and YOLOv10 in Vehicle Detection: Performance Metrics and Model Efficacy
Authors: Sundaresan Geetha Athulya , Alif Mujadded Al Rabbani , Hussain Muhammad , Allen Paul
Published: August 2024

Accurate vehicle detection is crucial for the advancement of intelligent transportation systems, including autonomous driving and traffic monitoring. This paper presents a comparative analysis of two advanced deep learning models—YOLOv8 and YOLOv10—focusing on their efficacy in vehicle detection across multiple classes such as bicycles, buses, cars, motorcycles, and trucks. Using a range of performance metrics, including precision, recall, F1 score, and detailed confusion matrices, we evaluate the performance characteristics of each model.The findings reveal that YOLOv10 generally outperformed YOLOv8, particularly in detecting smaller and more complex vehicles like bicycles and trucks, which can be attributed to its architectural enhancements. Conversely, YOLOv8 showed a slight advantage in car detection, underscoring subtle differences in feature processing between the models. The performance for detecting buses and motorcycles was comparable, indicating robust features in both YOLO versions. This research contributes to the field by delineating the strengths and limitations of these models and providing insights into their practical applications in real-world scenarios. It enhances understanding of how different YOLO architectures can be optimized for specific vehicle detection tasks, thus supporting the development of more efficient and precise detection systems.
Groundwater Quality Assessment at East El Minia Middle Eocene Carbonate Aquifer: Water Quality Index (WQI) and Health Risk Assessment (HRA)
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Abdel-Aziz A. , Mostafa Alaa , Salman Salman A. , Mohamed Ramadan S. A. , Snousy Moustafa Gamal , Ahmed Mohamed S. , Sambito Mariacrocetta , Ismail Esam
Published: August 2024

Around the world, groundwater supply is critical for vital needs such as drinking and irrigation. This work investigates groundwater in the carbonate aquifer of the Middle Miocene in the east El Minia area, Egypt. In this regard, thirty-two groundwater samples were collected. The water samples were analyzed for Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, CO2−, HCO3−, Fe, Mn, Cd, As, Cr, Cu, and Pb. Groundwater has been evaluated using two methods, which are water quality index (WQI) and health risk assessment (HRA). The predominant groundwater is soft water, and the samples range in salinity from fresh to slightly salty. The groundwater mostly falls into the alkaline water type. All the groundwater samples under study are deemed low quality for human consumption due to water contamination. Fe, Mn, Cd, Cu, and Pb have high HQnc values, which can result in non-carcinogenic health issues in adults, while Mn, Cu, and Pb can give rise to non-carcinogenic health issues in children.
A Study on the Construction and Evaluation of the Water Resource Reutilization System for Farmland Diversion and Drainage
Authors: Ge Qiuyi , Zhu Chengli , Hu Jizhou , Feng Genxiang , Huang Xing , Cheng Xue
Published: August 2024

Water is an essential resource for both rural and agricultural areas; it can be wisely distributed and used in the field to protect daily life, production, the natural environment, and the safety and stability of regional drainage and flood control systems. Our research selected a typical plains rural river network area with agriculture as the main industry to investigate the most effective method of farmland diversion and drainage. We comprehensively planned and transformed the water system flow, water conservation engineering, and the ecological environment in the irrigation area through the reutilization system. The reutilization system’s operation and scheduling design is implemented for four specific periods: the water replenishment cycle, agricultural irrigation, agricultural drainage and the rainy period of the flood season. The research period ranges from 2020 to 2023 after the completion of the system. We used monitoring, the recording of hydraulic equipment parameters and data collection to evaluate the balance of water supply and demand in the study area. At the same time, we have tracked and evaluated the four aspects of water quality enhancement, water conservation and flood control, and agricultural irrigation. The results show that the total agricultural water consumption decreased by 2.9%, and the amount of water saved increased by 9.6%. The current segment creates the rivers’ embankment standards. With a 92% irrigation guarantee rate, the current section forms and the embankment standards of the rivers satisfy the design storage volume and the flood level of one in twenty years. The water quality of all the rivers in the area has decreased by 5~10% compared to the average concentration prior to establishment. This study verifies the comprehensive effect and the suitability of the system by comparing the before and after effects, and provides a scientific basis for the method of efficient recycling and utilization of water resources in the rural plains river network area; we also propose the guidance of increasing the digital twin control and long-term operation mechanism to ensure the long-term stable operation of the technology.
A Review of State of the Art for Accelerated Testing in Fluid Power Pitch Systems
Authors: Ruz Diego Manuel Chamorro , Pedersen Henrik C. , Liniger Jesper , Bhola Mohit , Wrat Gyan
Published: August 2024

Failures in hydraulic systems in offshore wind turbines represent an enormous challenge for manufacturers and operators, as the pitch system statistically is one of the subsystems contributing the most to the downtime of the turbines, which is the case for both electrical and hydraulic pitch systems. However, the complex failure mechanisms of the various different hydraulic components mean that, typically, the critical components of hydraulic systems must be tested to better understand the failure mechanisms. Nonetheless, conventional testing procedures are lengthy and costly. Accelerated testing plays a critical role as it can mimic hydraulic system failure mechanisms in a shorter period. However, the lack of standardized test methods and detailed knowledge about the failure-accelerating effects complicates the process. Therefore, this paper offers a comprehensive examination of approaches applicable to conducting accelerated tests on hydraulic systems. It identifies and discusses five primary component types or sub-components related to the acceleration of testing in hydraulic systems: pumps, cylinders, seals, valves, and hoses. Each section references studies that delve into accelerated testing methodologies for these individual components. Furthermore, within each component, a concise overview of the current techniques is provided, followed by a discussion and summary based on the state of the art.
How GPs can help young people avoid future self-harm: a qualitative study
Authors: Mughal Faraz , Chew-Graham Carolyn A , Townsend Ellen , Armitage Christopher J , Lewis Martyn , Saunders Benjamin
Published: August 2024

Background

Self-harm is a growing problem in young people. GPs are usually the first point of healthcare contact for young people aged 16–25 years, after self-harm. GPs can experience barriers to supporting young people and behaviour change theory can help to understand these, and the influences on, GP behaviour.

Aim

To explore the capabilities, opportunities, and motivations (COM-B model of behaviour) of GPs, and their perceived training needs, to help young people aged 16–25 years avoid future self-harm.

Design and setting

This was a qualitative study of GPs in England.

Method

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with NHS GPs who were purposively sampled. Interviews occurred in 2021. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and mapped onto the COM-B model domains. The study’s patient and public involvement group supported data analysis.

Results

Fifteen interviews were completed. Four themes were generated. GPs described mixed capabilities, with many feeling they had the physical and psychological skills to support young people to avoid future self-harm, but some felt doing so was emotionally tiring. GPs identified opportunities to better support young people, such as use of electronic consultation tools, but cited lack of time as a concern. GPs reported motivation to help young people, but this can be influenced by their workload. Unmet training needs around communication, knowledge, and optimising safety were identified.

Conclusion

GPs are supported by their practice teams to support young people after self-harm, but a lack of time hinders opportunities to do so. Future effective GP-led interventions may improve GP motivation to support young people after self-harm.
Disease Burden and Geographic Inequalities in 15 Types of Neonatal Infectious Diseases in 131 Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Territories
Authors: Qin Chenyuan , Liu Qiao , Wang Yaping , Deng Jie , Du Min , Liu Min , Liu Jue
Published: August 2024

Background:
The burden of neonatal infections in low- and middle-income countries and territories (LMICs) is a critical public health challenge, while our understanding of specific burden and secular trends remains limited.
Methods:
We gathered annual data on 15 types of neonatal infections in LMICs from 1990 to 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. Numbers, rates, percent changes, and estimated annual percentage changes of incidence and deaths were calculated. We also explored the association between disease burden, socio-demographic index (SDI), and universal health coverage index (UHCI).
Results:
Enteric infections and upper respiratory infections owned the top highest incidence rates for neonates in 2019. Neonatal sepsis and other neonatal infections, as well as otitis media, demonstrated an increasing trend of incidence across all 3 low- and middle-income regions. The top 3 causes of neonatal mortality in 2019 were neonatal sepsis and other neonatal infections, lower respiratory infections, and enteric infections. Between 1990 and 2019, all of the neonatal infection-related mortality rates suggested an overall decline. Sex differences could be found in the incidence and mortality of some neonatal infections, but most disease burdens decreased more rapidly in males. SDI and UHCI were both negatively associated with most of the disease burden, but there were exceptions.
Conclusions:
Our study serves as a vital exploration into the realities of neonatal infectious diseases in LMICs. The identified trends and disparities not only provide a foundation for future research but also underscore the critical need for targeted policy initiatives to alleviate on a global scale.
Drastic Circuit Depth Reductions with Preserved Adversarial Robustness by Approximate Encoding for Quantum Machine Learning
Authors: West Maxwell T. , Nakhl Azar C. , Heredge Jamie , Creevey Floyd M. , Hollenberg Lloyd C. L. , Sevior Martin , Usman Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Quantum machine learning (QML) is emerging as an application of quantum computing with the potential to deliver quantum advantage, but its realization for practical applications remains impeded by challenges. Among these, a key barrier is the computationally expensive task of encoding classical data into a quantum state, which could erase any prospective speedups over classical algorithms. In this study, we implement methods for the efficient preparation of quantum states representing encoded image data using variational, genetic, and matrix product state algorithms. Our results show that these methods can approximately prepare states to a level suitable for QML using circuits 2 orders of magnitude shallower than a standard state preparation implementation, thus drastically reducing circuit depth and gate count without unduly sacrificing classification accuracy. Additionally, the QML models trained and evaluated on approximately encoded data displayed an increased robustness to adversarially generated input data perturbations. This partial alleviation of adversarial vulnerability, made possible by the retention of the meaningful large-scale features of the data despite the “drowning out” of adversarial perturbations, constitutes a considerable benefit for approximate state preparation in addition to lessening the requirements of the quantum hardware. Our results, based on simulations and experiments on IBM quantum devices, highlight a promising pathway for the future implementation of accurate and robust QML models on complex datasets relevant for practical applications, bringing the possibility of NISQ-era QML advantage closer to reality.
FAKTOR PERAN SYAHBANDAR DALAM MELAKSANAKAN PENGAWASAN, PEMERIKSAAN DAN PEMBERIAN SURAT PERSETUJUAN BERLAYAR TERHADAP KESELAMATAN PELAYARAN
Authors: Siwi Galih Raga , Sulistyowati Sulistyowati , Minarto Dian , Mulatsih Retno
Published: August 2024

Sea transportation is one of these modes of transportation, in addition to having a role as a means of transportation nationally, it can reach all regions through waters so that it can support, encourage and drive the growth of regions that have great natural resource potential in an effort to improve and distribute development and its results. In accordance with the function of the harbormaster's duty to supervise the seaworthiness of the ship which includes safety, se curity and security at the port. In this case, the port plays an important role in the port system, both in shipping, law enforcement and in all port activities. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the independent variables, namely supervision, inspection, and the granting of a Sailing Approval Letter, for the dependent variable of shipping safety. The population in this study were all crew members and employees of the ships docked in May at the port of Padangbai and the sample in this study was 100 respondents with the technique used was a non-probability sampling technique, namely by using quota sampling, Kouta sampling was a technique to determine the sample. from a population that has certain characteristics to the desired number (quota). The analytical method used is descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis, the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the help of (Software) Statistical Package For Social Science (SPSS). The results of the research by testing the hypothesis indicate that the variables of Supervision, Inspection, and Granting of Sailing Approval Letters are positive and significant for Shipping Safety in the Class IV Port Authority and Harbormaster Office Area Padangbai Port. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that the research model of the multiple linear regression equation is Y=2,898+0,436X1+0,214X2+0,189X3+ µ. From the regression results, it can be seen that the most dominant variable affecting shipping safety is the supervision variable with a regression coefficient of 0.436. With the r square test of 0.526 or 52.6% which means that the increase in shipping safety in the KSOP class IV Padangbai area is influenced by supervision, inspection and granting of approval letters which is 52.6% and other factors that affect the improvement of shipping safety in the areas served by KSOP Class IV Padangbai by 47.4%.
WORKLOAD AND BURNOUT ON PERFORMANCE USING MOTIVATION MEDIATED IN THE NUTRITION INSTALLATION OF RSJD DR RM SOEDJARWADI PROVINCE CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Guntoro Guntoro , Sudarwati Sudarwati , Istiatin Istiatin
Published: August 2024

This study aims to test and analyze the effect of workload and burnout on employee performance, the effect of workload and burnout on employee motivation and the effect of employee motivation on employee performance in the Nutrition Installation of RSJD Dr. RM. Soedjarwadi, Central Java Province. The method of this research is quantitative descriptive. The number of research respondents was 36, which was determined by the total sampling technique. The results of the study showed that workload had a positive and significant effect on employee motivation (p value 0.000), employee workload had a positive and significant effect on employee performance (p value 0.000), burnout had no effect on employee motivation (p value 0.269), employee burnout had no effect on employee performance (p value 0.284) and employee motivation had no effect on employee performance (p value 0.995). The suggestion of this research is that hospitals should support occupational safety and health, especially nutrition installation officers in informal workplaces through surveys and counseling while working for workers.

Keywords: workload, burnout, performance, motivation
ANALISIS PENGARUH SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN, SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PERSEDIAAN BARANG DAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PENJUALAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENJUALAN ( Studi Kasus Pada PT. Jateng Argo Berdikari )
Authors: Fuad Syifaul , Mohklas Mohklas
Published: August 2024

This research aims to find out whether the internal control system, inventory accounting information system and sales accounting information system have an effect on increasing sales. The population in this study were employees of PT. Central Java Argo Berdikari. Sampling was carried out using the census method and the sample size was 73 respondents. The type of data used is primary data. This research uses a questionnaire in collecting data. The test techniques used are validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests including normality tests, multicollinearity tests and heteroscedasticity tests. Hypothesis testing in this study used multiple linear tests with SPSS version 26. The results of this research show that the Internal Control System has no effect and is not significant on increasing sales, the Goods Inventory Accounting Information System has a positive and significant effect on increasing sales and the Sales Accounting Information System has no effect and is not significant on increasing sales.

Keywords: Internal Control System, Inventory Accounting Information System, Sales Accounting Information System and Sales Increase.
The Impact Of Different Types Of Core Training In Stable And Unstable Environments On Markers Of Athletic Performance
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Fitzpatrick Gerry
Published: August 2024

"Background: Research suggests that core stability and strength is important in facilitating athletes to effectively transfer force to the lower and upper extremities of the body. The purpose of the current research was to evaluate the impact of an eight week intervention of core training on stable and unstable surfaces, and in vertical and horizontal alignments, on markers of athletic performance relevant to team sports. Methods: The athletic performance markers selected were bounce depth jump, countermovement Jump, agility (T-test), 10 meter sprint, 30 meter sprints, and IRM leg strength as identified by Cressey (2007). Core stability and strength were measured using the McGill (2001) core stability tests, composed of combined time for trunk flexion, trunk extension, lateral right bridge and lateral left bridge. Participants, (N=89), were assigned to cither an intervention group or control group. Intervention groups were divided based on their classification, i.e. exercising in (i) stable vertical, (ii) unstable vertical, (iii) stable horizontal and, (iv) unstable horizontal. Paired sample t tests and analyses of variance were used to assess the magnitude of change from pre to post intervention across each of the five groups. Results: Significant changes occurred in core stability, post intervention across all groups with the greatest magnitude of change in the intervention groups. There was no significant difference across groups on the combined dependent variables, (F24, 276) = 1.02, p = .44; Wilks Lambda = .74, partial eta squared = .07. Data from a mixed between-within subject’s analysis of variance revealed significant improvements in markers of athletic performance over time. No clear improvement was found in markers of athletic performance across each of the participating groups. Conclusion: The study concluded that the 8 week intervention was effective at eliciting greater improvements in core stability. No difference in improvement was found however in markers of athletic performance between different participating intervention groups. "
Suitable Financing: A High-tech Semiconductor (photonics) Start-up Context
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Akhter Sarkar
Published: August 2024

This research investigates the financing options available to a "High-Tech Start-up" when a technical person seeks to start a business from innovations emerging from his or her daily work. In seeking to understand the different factors which might influence the choice of a particular type of financial source, firstly a thorough literature survey has been performed. In the main part of the study, a qualitative research approach was considered to be the most appropriate one and as part of it, a number of interviews with entrepreneurs, CEOs and CTOs have been conducted. Findings from these people with financial experiences are studied, analyzed and compared, to select a suitable financing option for a photonics start-up originating from the work inside a research institute. Considering the high amount of capital required to start a semiconductor start-up, private equity based Venture Capitalist (VC)s are thought to be the most appropriate funding source for such a type of high- tech start-up. This research explores the different aspects of VC funding and the creation of favorable environments to attract more VC investment in the area of semiconductor start-ups. It is found that, the VCs bring much more to the table than merely finance. The role of the VCs in the start-up extends way beyond the traditional financial aspect, with their experience and expertise in different areas, they become deeply involved with the managing and mentoring of the firms they finance. With all their positive influences, the VCs contribute significantly to the success of a high-tech start-up. It is concluded that VCs are not the only solution for financing a high- tech start-up throughout all Its stages of development. Also, the interaction between entrepreneurs and venture capitalists is not immune to conflicts; both sides need to promote mutual understanding in order to bring success to the "high tech start-up".
Location Management And Hybrid Geo-routing For Urban Vehicular Networks
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, O'Driscoll Aisling
Published: August 2024

In recent years the motivation for comfort applications e.g. infotainment, file exchange and vehicle to vehicle (V2V) multiplayer gaming amongst others, has emerged as an active area of vehicular communications and network research. The success of such applications relies on the ability of a geo-routing protocol to deliver communication packets in a frequently disconnected communication environment. To do this, the location of the destination vehicle must first be determined and secondly, must reliably deliver the packet from source to destination. To determine the location of a target vehicle towards which packets can be forwarded, geo-routing algorithms utilise a location service protocol. Such protocols often focus on providing a scalable location service protocol with minimal overhead but neglect the core underlying motivation, which is prioritising robust packet delivery in frequently disconnected vehicular networks with highly transient wireless links. Furthermore such protocols often exhibit drawbacks such as an inability to facilitate locality in communication between vehicles, describe poor location server placement strategies or do not avail of partial infrastructure to maximise their operation and accuracy. This thesis presents a location service protocol for unicast vehicular communications, namely the Urban Vehicular Location Service (UVLS) protocol, where the emphasis is on maximising packet delivery to ensure consistent retrieval of accurate destination vehicle location for the routing protocol. UVLS demonstrates improved query success rates with accurate location information and comparable overhead, thereby enabling the geo-routing protocol to make correct routing decisions. Furthermore, current geo-routing solutions typically provide a completely distributed routing solution or a centralised only approach, while a hybrid approach that can avail of partial infrastructure has, so far, not been considered. Current infrastructure schemes dictate the placement and density of RSUs and assume a densely connected network. Partial Road-Side Unit (RSU) infrastructure is a more imminent reality. This thesis therefore proposes the Infrastructure Enhanced Geo-Routing Protocol (lEGRP), designed to deliver best practice multi-hop communications while utilising a dynamic greedy and recovery routing scheme to exploit the use of partial road-side unit infrastructure, where available, on a per packet basis to maximise packet delivery. lEGRP is shown to deliver improved packet delivery rates with no increased delay and comparable path lengths. Finally the performance of UVLS, lEGRP and comparable protocols are evaluated in a comprehensive and bespoke Inter-Vehicular Communication (I VC) simulation environment.
Listeria Monocytogenes'. A Genomic Perspective On Its Pathogenesis, Persistence And Bacteriophages.
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Casey Aidan
Published: August 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes that contribute to the threat it poses to the food processing industry. Transcriptomic analysis of a persistent L. monocytogenes isolate following exposure to an industrial detergent identified key upregulations in biological processes involved m peptidoglycan biosynthesis, chemotaxis and motility. Two bacteriophages against serotype 4b and 4e isolates of L. monocytogenes were isolated and sequenced. Comparative genomic and functional analysis identified the receptor binding proteins in each phage, while transmission electron microscopy demonstrated a conserved baseplate architecture which also exists in other Gram­positive phages. Comparative genomics of four serotype 1 /2b isolates, including an isolate that caused a sub-clinical infection (DPC6895), identified specific genes that may be important for L. monocytogenes pathogenesis. Attenuated virulence in strain DPC6895 was attributed to a cumulative loss of functionality rather than a single event, exemplified by notable absences of the Stress Survival Islet and Listeria Pathogenicity Island 3 from its genome. Finally, the true discriminatory power of whole genome sequence analysis was assessed on two pairs of geographically distant, yet closely related L. monocytogenes isolates, which identified key differences in their antibiotic resistances and virulence potentials.