bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finding the Social Life of Rural Non-Elites in Roman Italy
Authors: Theng Brian
Published: February 2021

Scholarship generally places peasants on a spectrum of socio-economic independence and dependence. While opinions are shifting away from subsistence, self-sufficiency, and socio-political autarky as mainstays of the peasant condition, the conventional focus on hierarchical relations persists, leaving horizontal or ‘relational’ ones neglected. To address this imbalance, I first detail our need to deal with literary (self-) representations of rural non-elite life. I use Dio Chrysostom’s Euboean discourse to develop a non-exhaustive range of peer-level interactions including hospitality, reciprocity, and cooperative work. Archaeology can help unravel how these played out, but as site 9 from the Ager Lunensis shows, we need better evidence. Nevertheless, I offer tentative possibilities about veteran interactions and the dynamics between villa and small farm workers from site 154 from the Ager Capenas and Case Nuove from the Roman Peasant Project. I close by alluding to the potential of integrating horizontal social relations in broader historical narratives.
Descriptores para el concepto de parábola en el modelo de van Hiele
Authors: Calderón Gualdrón William Eduardo
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo se deriva de una investigación a nivel doctoral en el campo de la educación matemática. Objetivo: Caracterizar los niveles de razonamiento del modelo de Van Hiele asociados a la comprensión del concepto de parábola como lugar geométrico por parte de estudiantes de décimo grado, haciendo uso del software de geometría dinámica GeoGebra. Método: En una primera etapa de la investigación y a partir del análisis del modelo y de la literatura que aborda la enseñanza de las cónicas como lugar geométrico con el uso de GeoGebra, se formulan descriptores preliminares para los niveles de pensamiento del modelo de Van Hiele, posteriormente se diseña una estrategia orientada por la entrevista socrática mediante la cual se refinan los descriptores para cada nivel. Resultados: En el presente artículo se presentan los descriptores que se detectaron en la etapa final de refinamiento de la entrevista socrática. Discusión y Conclusiones: Esta investigación valida el modelo de Van Hiele para la comprensión del concepto de parábola como lugar geométrico, mediado por el software de geometría dinámica
A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF GUN BARREL VIBRATIONS ON THE FIRING ANGLE OF A PROJECTILE
Authors:   Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics Russian Academy of Sciences (Izhevsk, Russian Federation), A.M. Lipanov , I.G. Rusyak ,   Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University (Izhevsk, Russian Federation), V.G. Sufiyanov ,   Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University (Izhevsk, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

The problem of longitudinal and transverse vibrations of an artillery gun barrel during firing is considered. Unsteady stress-strain equations for the gun barrel are solved together with equations of internal ballistics. Ballistic parameters and dynamics of the projectile motion inside a gun bore are determined using a thermodynamic approach. Formulation of the vibration problem accounts for the initial gravitational deflection of the barrel, mass forces, varying distribution of the propellant gas pressure, and the effect of moving projectile mass on gun barrel vibrations. To solve the equations for longitudinal and transverse gun barrel vibrations, difference schemes are obtained by integro-interpolation method. It has been revealed that the solution to the problem in a one-dimensional formulation is almost as accurate as the results obtained in a three-dimensional formulation. Moreover, the former case is significantly less time consuming. The decay time of the barrel longitudinal vibrations after shot is shown to be much less than the time between shots in the burst. Deviations of the transverse barrel vibrations from the initial firing angle are more significant, and the vibration decay time is longer than the time between shots, which affects the accuracy of single shots and the dispersion of shells in the burst mode. Thus, when firing from a 30 mm gun at the range of 1 km, lateral vibrations lead to a change in the height of target hit point by 8.7 m.
Роль моторного компонента в процессе решения инсайтных задач
Authors: Курицын А.А. , Чистопольская А.В.
Published: February 2021

В когнитивной психологии сегодня достаточно актуальны идеи влияния тела и моторики на психические процессы. Совокупность этих идей формирует новое направление исследований — программу исследований Embodied cognition (Воплощенное познание). Однако, несмотря на широкую распространенность, только небольшое количество исследований применяет положения этого подхода при изучении феномена инсайта. На данный момент существует несколько теорий, которые по-разному пытаются объяснить механизмы инсайтного решения: неспецифический подход, который отрицает различия в процессе решения инсайтных и неинсайтных задач, и специфический подход, который предполагает наличие специальных механизмов решения инсайтных задач. Данное исследование, опираясь на идеи подхода воплощенного познания и концепцию специфического подхода к пониманию инсайта, рассматривает процессы решения инсайтных задач в зависимости от моторной активности, в различной степени содержащей принципы решения задачи на симметрию: принцип декомпозиции чанка и принцип симметрии. Были сформированы 3 экспериментальные группы моторной активности, которые по-разному воплощают оба принципа решения задачи. Различия обнаружены во времени решения в зависимости от сопутствующего типа моторной активности. Обнаружено фасилитирующее влияние моторной активности, воплощающей оба основных принципа решения инсайтной задачи. Предполагается, что наличие в моторной активности принципов решения задачи имплицитно запускает механизмы смены репрезентации. Намечены планы будущего исследования, в котором предполагается проверка принципов решения инсайтной задачи на основе безынструментальной моторной активности. Полученные результаты согласуются с идеями Я.А. Пономарева о роли побочного продукта в мыслительных процессах.
Закономерности изменения мотивации профессиональной деятельности педагогов
Authors: Горбушина А.В. , Корчагина Г.И.
Published: February 2021

Актуальность исследования заключается в расширении научных представлений о генезисе и закономерностях изменения мотивации профессиональной деятельности педагогов, а также в решении практических задач поддержки педагогической деятельности за счет актуализации ресурсов мотивации учителей. Цель статьи – описание генезиса и темпоральных закономерностей изменения мотивации профессиональной педагогической деятельности на материале эмпирического исследования динамики структуры мотивации деятельности учителей с разным трудовым стажем. Методологическую основу исследования составили системогенетический и метасистемный подходы. Ведущие методы исследования – метод анализа психологической структуры и метод моделирования. В результате их применения путем сопоставления системогенетических закономерностей с изменениями в структурно-уровневой организации мотивации деятельности учителей были определены генезис и принципы трансформации мотивации профессиональной педагогической деятельности во временнjм континууме. В статье раскрыты предикторы формирования и закономерности динамики субсистемного и компонентного уровней в структуре мотивации профессиональной педагогической деятельности. Показано, что на первых этапах динамики изменения ключевых уровней структуры осуществляются по принципам системогенеза: иерархии, целевой детерминации, неравномерности, дифференциации и др. После преодоления системой кризиса изменения осуществляются по принципам метасистемогенеза: гетерархии, гетерохронности, ситуационной детерминации, цикличности и др. Выявление темпоральных закономерностей изменений структуры мотивации деятельности учителей показывает нелинейный характер трансформации и непрерывность развития мотивации в системе профессиональной педагогической деятельности. Полученные данные могут быть использованы специалистами для проектирования систем актуализации мотивации и поддержки профессиональной деятельности учителей.
Why Do We Step on the Same Rake? The Occurrence of Recurring Errors in the Learning Process
Authors: Андриянова Н.В. , Аллахвердов В.М.
Published: February 2021

The present study investigated the occurrence of recurring errors in the learning process. Our goal was to determine the reasons for recurring errors. In considering these reasons we were trying to find the characteristic features of incorrect responses at the beginning of a learning process in order to predict the occurrence of recurring errors in the learning process. Response times and confidence measures were used as the predictors of error repetition. The results of two experiments have shown that response times and confidence levels for the recurring and singular errors at the beginning of learning are different. Response times were shorter for recurring errors than for singular errors at the beginning of a learning process. This information can be used to predict the repetition of such errors further along during learning. In addition, in both experiments, the correct responses were slower for stimuli that would cause recurring errors in the future. This allowed us to predict the repetition of such errors. Participants’ confidence estimates also varied with different types of erroneous responses and allowed the repetition of errors during the learning process to be predicted. Thus, our results allow the prediction of error repetition and also can be used to make suggestions about the phenomenon of recurring errors and the causes of their occurrence.
Manual H&E Staining v1
Authors: Ren Lin Jia
Published: February 2021

The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain is the standard used for microscopic examination of fixed tissue specimens. This procedure establishes a consistent process for the manual preparation of H&E-stained slides from FFPE tissue specimens. H&E staining is compatible with, and frequently performed after tissue-based cyclic immunofluorescence (t-CyCIF), enabling conventional histopathology review to be combined with fluorescence imaging.
RECORDING CONDITIONS - NORMES13
Authors: Gagey Pierre-Marie
Published: February 2021

As condições, padrão e arbitrárias, nas quais os assuntos são gravados na plataforma de estabilometria foram discutidas por vários meses em um fórum acessível via Internet e, em seguida, propostas para a votação de 75 posturologistas da Europa e América Latina. Com as especificações para a construção de plataformas padronizadas, já publicadas, algoritmos padronizados de análise do sinal estabilométrico e os valores de referência dos parâmetros clínicos estabilométricos, em estudo, essas condições formarão todos os padrões latinos de estabilometria clínica: “Normes13”
Microalbuminuria among children with congenital heart disease seen in Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Isezuo Khadijat O. , Sani Usman M. , Waziri Usman M. , Ilah Bilkisu G. , Jiya Fatima B. , Abdulrahman Muhammad B. , Hano Ibrahim J.
Published: February 2021

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) especially cyanotic CHD has been associated with microalbuminuria which is an early marker of glomerular nephropathy but this has hardly been studied in African children. The aim of this study was to compare mean microalbuminuria levels and associations among children with acyanotic CHD, cyanotic CHD and normal controls.Methods: Forty-one (41) children comprising 19 acyanotic CHD, 14 cyanotic CHD and 8 without CHD aged 1 to 15 years were recruited in a cross-sectional study. Quantitative urinary microalbuminuria was measured by ELISA technique. Positive result was microalbuminuria of 30-300 mcg/mgCr. Mean levels were compared by student t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistical significance was taken at p<0.05.Results: There were 22 (53.7%) females and 19 (46.3%) males. Mean level of microalbuminuria was highest in those with cyanotic CHD at 147.7±78.8 mcg/mgCr, followed by those with acyanotic CHD at 111.8±61.5 mcg/mgCr and lowest in those without CHD at 67.3±31.6 mcg/mgCr. There was significant difference between the groups with CHD and those without CHD (F=4.1, p=0.03) and microalbuminuria had a significant but weak negative correlation with oxygen saturation implying that microalbuminuria increased with worsening cyanosis.Conclusions: Microalbuminuria was high among the patients with CHD, though higher in cyanotic patients warranting closer follow up of these patients.
Spigelian hernia with bilateral undescended (impalpable) testis in a child: rare scenario
Authors: Singh Gaurav , Singh Garvita , Aggarwal Satish K.
Published: February 2021

Spigelain hernia (SH) is rarely seen in children. Various mechanisms has been described for the co-existence with cryptorchidism. A 4 month old boy, a known case of bilateral impalpable testes and intermittent right lower abdominal swelling was brought to paediatric emergency with complaints of excessive cry, poor feeding and irreducible right lower abdominal swelling - the swelling was a little higher than the usual inguinal hernia. On exploration, SH was seen coming off the deep ring then turning around the conjoint tendon and dissecting between internal oblique and external oblique aponeurosis. The hernia contained oedematous but viable gut with compression over the testicular vessels. Gut was viable. The testes was mobilized and fixed into the scrotum. Left testis was impalpable for which nubbin excision was done at a later date. A SH in the lower abdomen may be confused with a high inguinal hernia. In acute obstruction, emergent exploration and reduction is the cornerstone of treatment.
Severe metabolic acidosis in critically Ill patients and its association with the outcome in North Karnataka
Authors: Biradar S. M. , Holyachi Renuka , Teja V. Ravi
Published: February 2021

Background: Outcomes of metabolic acidosis remain unsure and needs to be explored deeply. This article presents a rational approach to diagnosis and management of metabolic acidosis. The data focusing specifically on severe metabolic acidosis (pH<7.20) is scanty.  Methods: It was a prospective observational study. A total of 50 consecutive critically ill patients (APACHE II score of 18 or more) with single severe metabolic acidosis (pH<7.20) admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) of Shri BM Patil Medical College, Vijayapura. Arterial blood gas analysis along with other relevant investigations was done within first 24 h of ICU admission.Results: Among 50 patients, 32 patients expired compared to 18 patients who were discharged from hospital in stable condition. Out of 29 patients, who had lactic acidosis, 21 (72%) patients died compared to 8 (28%) patients who were discharged in stable condition. Out of 22 patients who have low Strong Ion Difference (SID) 16 patients had expired (76%) remaining 6 (24%) patients are discharged at stable condition. Out of 27 patients who were put on mechanical ventilator on the first day, 22 (80%) patients expired. 18 patients required vasopressor support on admission out of which 16 (90%) patients had lactic acidosis.  Conclusions: Lactic acidosis and strong ion gap are found to be associated with higher mortality. Hypotensive patients required vasopressor support on admission. Monitoring of serum pH, HCO3−, lactate levels and strong ion gap may have prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Experiences from a non-COVID hub referral orthopedic trauma hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey
Authors: Dırvar Ferdi , Dırvar Sevda Uzun , Köksal Alper , Çimen Osman , Erbaş Anıl , Bayhan İlhan Avni , Kaygusuz Mehmet Akif
Published: February 2021

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic period, resources should be reorganized to treat the increased burden of COVID-positive patients under the best conditions while simultaneously providing non-deferrable treatment to patients with no suspicion of COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to analyse the trauma patient profile and treatment strategies that emerged in the regional orthopaedic and traumatology hospital during the pandemic period after the implementation of “hub and spoke” organization among the orthopaedic and traumatology clinics.

Methods: This cross-observational study was conducted in a training and research hospital in the field of orthopaedics and traumatology that was converted to a non-COVID referral orthopaedic trauma center during the pandemic. Gender, age, length of hospitalization, duration of trauma, place of trauma, severity of trauma, type of admission, type of anaesthesia and site of trauma were evaluated in the patients that presented between March 16 and May 16, 2020.

Results: Of the orthopaedic trauma patients requiring surgery, 169 (62.6%) were men and 101 (37.4%) were women. In comparison of the data with that of the last year, significant increases were observed in the number of home traumas (241.5%), low-energy traumas (87.4%), patients referred from other institutions (328.9%), regional anaesthesia patients (124.2%) and patients with hip traumas (226.7%). The length of hospitalization decreased significantly (p<0.05).

Conclusions: The creation of hub and spoke organization through the cooperation of orthopaedics and traumatology clinics in the region can reduce the burden on pandemic hospitals by isolating trauma patients requiring orthopaedic surgery who were not suspected of COVID-19 and directing them to dedicated orthopaedics and traumatology hospital.
Retrospective comparative study of IV+ local tranexamic acid versus IV tranexamic acid only in primary total knee replacement
Authors: Kamat Sanil G. , Dessai Rohan
Published: February 2021

Background: The study is to compare the immediate post-operative outcomes with use of intravenous (IV) tranexamic acid (TXA) versus IV and local TXA combination in primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty. Study comprised of 72 cases of tricompartmental knee primary osteoarthritis who have undergone unilateral total knee arthroplasty at Manipal Hospital, Goa from January 2016 to December 2018. The observations for each group was analysed and post op blood loss in drain, fall of haemoglobin levels and need of blood transfusion was recorded. The results were statistically compared. The mean blood loss fall in HB levels and need of blood transfusions revealed statistically significant differences.

Methods: Total 72 patients diagnosed with primary tricompartmental osteoarthritis were divided into two groups retrospectively. Group 1 (IV only): 1 gm IV Tranexamic acid bolus 10 min before deflating the tourniquet. Group 2 (IV + Local): 1 gm IV Tranexamic acid bolus 10 min before deflating the tourniquet and 1 gm Tranexamic Acid in 50 ml saline locally at the time of closure.

Results: It was observed that higher post op blood loss, higher fall in haemoglobin (HB) levels and higher requirement of blood transfusions were associated with group 1 as compared to 2.

Conclusions: The study inferred that the combination of local and systemic tranexamic acid was superior than systemic administration alone with lower post op blood loss, lower rates of blood transfusion and lower fall in haemoglobin levels without any added complications.
Management of displaced patella fracture with modified tension band wiring and percutaneous cannulated screws-a dilemma
Authors: Singh Vishal , Gundavarapu Avinash , Sharma Alokeshwar , Patel Tejas
Published: February 2021

Background: Displaced patella fracture has seen various surgical management methods in the past among which tension band wiring (TBW) and less invasive percutaneous cannulated cancellous (CC) screw  fixation are mostly preferred and debated on which is better option. The study has been designed to compare the functional outcome and various parameters of both the methods.

Methods: The study was conducted as prospective clinical study in 30 skeletally mature patients with x-ray evidence of patella fracture fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria, out of which 15 were done tension band wiring and rest percutaneous cancellous screw and outcome graded as excellent, good, fair and poor based on Lysholm knee score.

Results: The comparison of the mean values of the Lysholm score in patients operated with patella TBW (92.47) were better than with percutaneous CC screw fixation (88.93). Patella TBW was responsible for all the cases of infection 2 (6.67%) and delayed non-union 1 (3.33%). Whereas stiff was nearly equal in both the techniques. The comparison of the mean values of the knee flexion in patients operated by using percutaneous CC screw (107.27) was better than patella TBW (105.67).

Conclusions: Patients managed with CC screw fixation technique achieved better knee function, especially in the early postoperative period. The reported advantages of the percutaneous fixation technique include avoidance of extended incisions, preservation of the blood supply to the patella, and the possibility of a simpler removal of all hardware in the clinical setting. These results suggest that the percutaneous CC screw technique may be a superior alternative to conventional modified tension band wiring.
Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle in an adult: case report and literature review
Authors: Diniz Sara Elisa , Marques Manuel Fernandes , Barros Luís , Claro Rui
Published: February 2021

A 27 years old male, presented with a bump over the middle third of is right clavicle and a foreshortened shoulder girdle causing a severe deformity. Radiographs revealed a Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle (CPC). A resection of the pseudarthrosis was carried and internal fixation with a reconstruction plate was done using iliac graft. One year after he was asymptomatic, without any functional impairment and very satisfied with the final cosmetic result. There is no consensus about optimal treatment. We present a rare case of surgical in an adult patient, and demonstrate why treatment must be individualized and surgical associated complications must be discussed.
An unusual presentation of low ulnar nerve palsy: a case report
Authors: Kaur Eknoor , Saini Narender
Published: February 2021

Ulnar nerve compression at the Guyon’s canal is an uncommon cause of ulnar nerve neuropathy. Among various reasons like trauma, non-union of hook of hamate, anomalous muscle anatomy, thrombosis of the ulnar artery or pseudoaneurysm, ganglion is a common lesion which can compress the ulnar nerve at this site. With proper history taking and physical examination consisting of assessing motor functions and sensation of the hand, a clinician can localize the site of the lesion. Ultrasound is cheap and non-invasive technique which helps to localize the site of lesion and can suggest the nature of the lesion. Surgical decompression of the canal and careful removal of the lesion can help ameliorate the symptoms. In our study the patient presented with sudden onset weakness of the right hand and symptoms progressing within one and half month. With proper muscle charting, sensory examination and with the help of sonography, the main culprit was localized to Guyon’s canal. Excision of the lesion helped in recovery of hand function within 5 months.
Verdad y posverdad: entre las libertades y la justicia
Authors: Bautista Silva Angie
Published: February 2021

La verdad ya no está en el centro de la democracia, pero, ¿qué entendemos por verdad y por qué este concepto guía cada uno de nuestros movimientos? José Andrés Forero, experto en filosofía del lenguaje, analiza el lugar que ocupa esta discusión en las democracias actuales.
Análisis del COVID - 19 en Colombia
Authors: Nieto Héctor David
Published: February 2021

La pandemia del covid-19 no solo ha afectado la salud y la educación; también ha ocasionado una grave crisis económica como resultado del cierre de empresas y negocios de todos los sectores. El confinamiento y las restricciones de movilidad, medidas tomadas por el Gobierno para disminuir el contacto social y la propagación del virus, son motivo de preocupación para empresarios, asalariados y trabajadores independientes, ante el deterioro de los negocios, la pérdida de capitales y empleos, la incertidumbre respecto de las inversiones proyectadas y la reducción del flujo de caja. Sumados, estos factores hacen que muchas empresas sean insostenibles en el tiempo, lo que plantea un panorama incierto para el país
La educación en tiempos de Covid-19: desafíos y oportunidades
Authors: Alonso Antonio , Vásquez Laura Inés
Published: February 2021

Hojas de El Bosque dialogó con Antonio Alonso González, decano de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas de la Universidad, sobre el escenario de la educación en economía y administración en tiempos de pandemia. Hablamos sobre los desafíos y las oportunidades que tiene la enseñanza de estas áreas en este momento de la historia. El rol de las ciencias económicas y administrativas y los aprendizajes que se están evidenciando actualmente.
Experiencia vivida frente al aborto inducido en un grupo de mujeres en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Cepeda Saavedra Johanna , Gomez Pio Iván , Pardo Mora Yaira Yohanna
Published: February 2021

Introducción: frente al aborto inducido se han establecido diferentes posturas que muchas veces se basan en perspectivas morales, filosóficas y religiosas, cuando deberían estar centradas en lo que implica esta situación de salud en la vida de las mujeres Metodología: se desarrolló una investigación fenomenológica para establecer los diálogos desde la perspectiva de las propias protagonistas sobre el aborto inducido con una participación de siete mujeres, mayores de 18 años en Bogotá. Resultados: las experiencias de las mujeres son variadas, pero se identificaron algunos aspectos similares o comunes. Sin embargo, cada vivencia es particular y tiene como marco el contexto en el que cada una habitaba en el momento del aborto. Se identificaron las siguientes categorías de análisis: aborto como consecuencia de un embarazo no deseado, aborto como experiencia frente a una decisión autónoma, aborto, culpa y pecado, cambios asociados a la experiencia, maternidad, materialización del deseo y aborto no debe ser considerado como un delito. Conclusiones: la vivencia del aborto no puede ser generalizable, y para su entendimiento debe tenerse en cuenta aspectos que solo atañen a la mujer como experta en su vida y en su situación. El aporte de la presente investigación fue recuperar la vivencia de las mujeres sobre el aborto para contribuir al cuidado de la salud en la población femenina.
Recuperación del neonato de bajo peso: relevancia de las UCIN de puertas abiertas
Authors: Córdoba Rojas Diana Norella
Published: February 2021

Introducción: el bajo peso al nacer es una causa relacionada con la morbimortalidad neonatal e infantil;por ello, la identificación de estrategias que permitan mejorar la prestación de servicios de salud continúasiendo una prioridad en el mundo. Objetivo: realizar una síntesis de la evidencia disponible en la producciónacadémica para establecer recomendaciones en cuanto a la relevancia de implementar la política depuertas abiertas en las unidades de cuidado intensivo neonatal (UCIN) para favorecer el uso del métodocanguro y con ello contribuir a la ganancia de peso en los neonatos con bajo peso al nacer. Método:se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura mediante búsquedas en las bases de datos Elsevier,Pubmed, Biblioteca Virtual de la Salud, Embase y ScienceDirect, utilizando los descriptores intensive careunits, neonatal; Kangaroo-Mother Care Method; infant, low birth weight; visitors to patients. Los criteriosde inclusión se basaron en la consulta de productos científicos entre el 2010 y el 2020. Se incluyeronestudios que cumplieran la estrategia de búsqueda planteada. Resultados: se seleccionaron 27 artículos,que aportaron a la construcción de esta revisión. Los datos fueron categorizados en cuatro cuerpos deproducción académica: Beneficios del Método Madre Canguro en las UCIN de puertas abiertas, Barrerasen la implementación del Método Madre Canguro en las UCIN, Cuidado centrado en la familia en las UCINde puertas abiertas y Formación del personal en las UCIN de puertas abiertas. Conclusiones: múltiplesestudios han documentado los beneficios de las UCIN de puertas abiertas para la familia y el neonato,sin embargo, esta apuesta conlleva múltiples desafíos para la prestación de servicios neonatales, como eldiseño y la implementación de modelos de atención y el fortalecimiento del equipo de atención.
Diatribas en torno a la racionalidad científica. Claves para una comprensión especulativa de la deuda y el distanciamiento intelectual de Feyerabend respecto a Popper
Authors: Gargiulo Teresa
Published: February 2021

Las discusiones que Paul Feyerabend mantuvo con Popper le permitieron descubrir las falencias y limitaciones de una noción univoca de racionalidad científica. Feyerabend da cuenta cómo aquellos elementos míticos o metafísicos que Popper reconoce como pre-científicos constituyen el seno del quehacer científico. Esta crítica a Popper le permitió al vienés entender de una manera imperfecta lo que no es la ciencia y, por tanto, la necesidad de emprender una nueva visión o teoría acerca de la ciencia. Luego, fueron estas discusiones con Popper las que le señalaron el camino o la dirección por la cual debía pensar su comprensión positiva acerca de la ciencia. Su comprensión positiva de la racionalidad ciencia no es sino un intento de refutar dialécticamente el proyecto popperiano de definir la ciencia en contraposición con la metafísica. Nuestro propósito es analizar la deuda intelectual y el posterior distanciamiento de Feyerabend respecto a Popper, desde su progresiva comprensión de la racionalidad científica.
Norwid and the exiles to Siberia
Authors: Gadamska-Serafin Renata
Published: February 2021

The exiles to Siberia had a profound influence on Norwid’s consciousness already in his middle school years (i.e. in the 1830s) as the next wave (following the one after the failure of the November Uprising) began at that time. The subject of exile and martyrdom was often discussed by Norwid in conversations and correspondence with his friends. Even among the poet’s close and distant relatives, there were many people who were affected by the deportation to the East (Józef Hornowski, the Kleczkowski family, Konstanty Jarnowski). The list of Norwid’s friends who were deported to Syberia is horribly long: Karol Baliński, Maksymilian Jatowt (pseud. Jakub Gordon), Agaton Giller, Karol Ruprecht, Stefan Dobrycz, Andrzej Deskur, Bronisław Zaleski, Antoni and Michał Zaleski, Anna Modzelewska and her brother, Aleksander Hercen, Piotr Ławrow. There were also some occasional meetings with the exiled or their families (Aniela Witkiewiczówna, Aleksander Czekanowski). Norwid attentively listened to oral accounts of those who returned, he also read publications on Siberian themes published from the early 1950s (among others, by Giller, Gordon, B. Zaleski). In his speeches and letters he repeatedly drew attention to the necessity of commemorating the “Siberian exiles” and providing them with support – both spiritual and material – as well as establishing the Siberian Society, “where all single sufferings and conquest would come to balance”. Providing the exiled with state protection and enabling them to return to their homeland became even one of the points of Norwid’s project for the political and social principles of future Poland.
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique in microdevice format (Review)
Authors:   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS,  Saint Petersburg, Russia, Zubik А. N. , Rudnitskaya G. E. , Evstrapov A. A.
Published: February 2021

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is widely used as a fast and sensitive diagnostic method and is most promising for analysis in conditions of limited time and resources, for example, in places of care. The paper discusses the basic principles of LAMP technique, methods for detecting reaction products, as well as some microfluidic devices and analytical systems based on LAMP, including those developed for express diagnostics in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Automatic liquid level gauge for hazardous areas
Authors:   Tashkent University of information technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi,  Ferghana branch, Ferghana city, Republic of Uzbekistan, Abdurakhmonov S. M. , Kuldashov O. K.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this work is to develop an automatic liquid level meter for hazardous zones. The analysis of currently known level meters, which are widely used in the oil and oil refining industry, showed that their cost is very high. The proposed level gauge cost is significantly lower than that of industrial analogues for manufacture and operation. This paper describes the capabilities and operating principles of the developed liquid level meter for hazardous zones. The proposed level gauge is designed to measure the level of petroleum products for technological accounting and control of petroleum products. The flowchart and algorithm of the level gauge operation are given. This paper presents the "upper" level of automatic process control on personal computers. This level is based on the Trace Mode software package by AdAstrA Research Group, Ltd (Russia). The software package provides for the transmission of target setpoints from a computer, preliminary alarm, archiving of data of technological parameters, and a mnemonic diagram for passing technological parameters in real time. The level meter is designed to measure various levels with appropriate settings, the measurement accuracy ranges from 0.5–1 %.
Aqui se diz carapanã! Variação linguística, identidade e humor nas aulas de estudos paraenses em tempo de pandemia
Authors: De Souza Davi Pereira , Nunes Salvador Carlene Ferreira
Published: February 2021

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em avaliar como a variação linguística influencia na noção de construção da identidade dos indivíduos, neste caso, a partir de uma faceta muito utilizada nos discursos, o humor. Para tanto, o aporte teórico adotado está circunscrito a Labov (1972; 1980) no que diz respeito à variação linguística, Rajagopalan (1998) em razão do tratamento dado à questão da identidade e Possenti (1998) em referência ao viés humorístico presente nas facetas da língua. Do ponto de vista metodológico, a pesquisa segue a proposta de um estudo de caso conforme Yin (2018) por tratar-se de um fenômeno contemporâneo, cuja amostra foi extraída da fala dos personagens presentes no vídeo Estudos Paraenses, postado na plataforma Youtube no canal Pavulagem do internauta Bob Flly. Os resultados apontam variação em nível lexical, como por exemplo, lagartixa > osga, libélula > jacinta, mosquito > carapanã, louva-a-deus > punha mesa; fonética, como em p [o] nha mesa > p [u] nha mesa; e semântica, observada em perereca, com os sentidos relacionados à rã e referente à vulva.
Clinical outcomes of transverse myelitis with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody versus negative cases among adults in Isfahan, Iran: A comparative study
Authors: Etemadifar Masoud , Chitsaz Ahmad , Rajabkhah Sahebeh , Tavakoli Hossein , Shafieyoun Arezoo , Noorshargh Pegah , Afzali Mahdieh
Published: February 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies in patients with transverse myelitis (TM) and compare the clinical and imaging characteristics of MOG immunoglobulin G (IgG)-positive with negative cases.
Methods: This cohort study enrolled 71 patients diagnosed with new-onset of TM who were being followed at a referral university clinic in Isfahan, Iran, from November 2016 to January 2019. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images and blood samples for anti-MOG, anti-aquaporin 4 (anti-AQP4) (using the cell-based technique), and vasculitis-related antibodies were collected from patients. Outcomes were assessed by the evolution of the Expanded Disability Status Scale(EDSS) score and brain and spinal cord imaging findings within three months. All patients underwent imaging and clinical assessment during a mean period of one year as a follow-up. We compared the characteristics of clinical and radiological outcomes in MOG-IgG-positive and negative cases.
Results: Of the total population studied, there were 26.8% men and 73.2% women, with a mean age of 33 ± 10 years. 12 (16.9%) patients were seropositive for MOG antibody and 17 (89.5%) were positive for anti-AQP4 antibodies. There was no significant association between anti-MOG antibody seropositivity and age, gender distribution, the presence of other autoimmune diseases, and number and interval of relapses. However, the involvement site of the spine at first imaging was significantly different between seronegative and seropositive patients.
Conclusion: In patients with MOG antibody disease (MOG-AD) TM, the MRI findings suggest a preferential involvement of the cervical-thoracic section in seropositive cases which may help differentiate from non-MOG demyelination TM.
Identification and Immunological Characterization of Somatic Proteins from Adults of Toxocara cati by Proteomics Technique
Authors: SOLEYMANI Nooshinmehr , Birner GRUNBERGER Ruth , ABNOUS Khalil , BORJI Hassan , VAHDATI Faezeh
Published: February 2021

Background: Toxocara cati is considered as one of the main etiological agents of toxocariasis with global and regional importance. As there is no information on proteomics of T. cati, herein, we reported the results obtained by proteomic analysis of somatic proteins extract, using a mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) approach.
Methods: Somatic extract fractions were separated by two-dimensional SDSPAGE and were electro blotted on to PVDF membranes for immunoblot analysis, then collected the immunogenic spots which response of antibodies of the paratenic hosts (mice) to the antigens ( Mashhad, 2017), and analyzed by LC–MS/MS. The LC-MS/MS data were analyzed by Mascot database, Taxonomy Toxocara, and common contaminants, in Omics Center, Biotechnology Medical University of Graz (Austria, 2018).
Result: The protein spots were isolated between 15–140 kDa ranges using 3–10 non-linear IPG strips and Brilliant Blue Coomassie. Ten proteins were characterized as immunogenic proteins, seven of them were identified and three of them were unknown proteins.
Conclusion: This study provided additional information about the somatic antigens of T. cati, which can lead to the development of new strategies for novel immuno-modulators, drug targets, subunit vaccines and immunodiagnostic kits for toxocariasis.
Molecular, Morphological, and Spatial Study of Galba schirazensis (Pulmonata, Lymnaeidae) from Southeastern Iran
Authors: NASIBI Saeid , MOGHADDAM Abdolreza SALAHI , ZIAALI Naser , AKHLAGHI Elham , Ali MOHAMMADI Mohammad , HANAFI-BOJD Ahmad Ali , FASIHI HARANDI Majid
Published: February 2021

Background: Snails of the genus Galba are the intermediate hosts of Fasciola species, the etiological agents of liver fluke disease, fascioliasis. A genetically different but morphologically very similar species in the genus, G. schirazensis, is sympatrically distributed with G. truncatula in some regions of the world. We aimed to investigate the occurrence of G. schirazensis in Kerman province, Iran and to characterize genetically G. schirazensis specimens from southeast Iran.
Methods: Field-collected snails from four localities in Jiroft, Bam and Faryab, Kerman province, southeastern Iran were studied. Hydrological variables including temperature and pH were recorded for each habitat. Each specimen was identified using morphological as well as conchological characteristics. Genetic characterization was performed using PCR-sequencing followed by phylogenetic analyses on nuclear ITS2 as well as mitochondrial cox1 gene fragments. MaxEnt software was used to predict the most appropriate ecological niches for the targeted species.
Results: G. schirazensis was found in 4 out of 28 locations. One ITS2 and two cox1 haplotypes were detected among G. schirazensis populations from the four localities. Habitat study showed that G. schirazensis thrives in habitats with alkaline pH. G.schirazensis from South America were clustered with specimens from Bam, Kerman, Iran; however, north Iranian isolates of G. schirazensis were strongly correlated with specimens from Jiroft and Faryab. MaxEnt model for the most appropriate ecological niches of the targeted species predicted environmental suitability for this species in western Africa as well as coastal areas in north and southwestern Africa.
Conclusion: G. schirazensis is frequently present in southern areas of Kerman Province. At least two genetically different haplotypes are present in southeastern Iran.
Co-Occurrence of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis in the Liver: A Case Report
Authors: WANG Qiang , ZHAO Shunyun , A Jide , GUO Yamin , YANG Jinyu , NAVEED Ashraf , GAO Wei
Published: February 2021

Morbidity of mixed cystic and alveolar echinococcosis (CE and AE) is exceptionally rare. Less literature retrieved from a database on the internet detailed the content, including radiography, pathology, and therapeutics data. Such a case of cooccurrence of the different Echinococcus species was diagnosed and treated at our hospital center from Nov 2019 to Feb 2020. A 30 yr old female from the pastoral area in Qinghai Province, China, was diagnosed with a case of echinococcosis and diagnosis was confirmed after image studies, immunoassaying of hydatid enzymes, life history and pathology result. The patient underwent hepatectomy along with excision of the internal capsule. Post-operative pathology was done, and it confirmed a mixed infection of both CE and AE. The patient recovered well without complications after liver-protecting and tissue repair treatment for 15 days. Knowing about infective mode and immune method of the case might be vital for research on variation for Echinococcus infection.
Airway cephalometric change following mandibular setback surgery: a review article
Authors: Mirhashemi AmirHossein , Bahrami Rashin , Niknami Mahdi
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim: mandibular setback surgery is one of the common treatments in patients with mandibular prognathism. In this surgery, the mandible is placed backward from its original position, and as a result, the soft tissue, tongue, and hyoid bone are slightly displaced, all of which can affect the dimensions of the airway. Given that these changes in the dimensions of the airway can lead to obstructive sleep apnea, it is important to examine these changes and their stability. In this regard, cephalometric radiography can be used, which haslowcost and dose in comparison to 3D radiographs, to examine changes in airway dimensions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term and long-term changes in airway dimensions following mandibular steback surgery with the help of cephalometric radiography.
Methods: The study was conducted by review method. Using the keywords 'orthognathic surgery,' 'mandibular setback,' 'Malocclusion angle class III,' 'prognathism,' 'airway,' 'posterior airway space,' 'PAS,' 'pharyngeal space, 'hypopharynx, a review of articles in PubMed and Embase databases, Google Scholar, and Cochranedatabases was performed. The range of article searches was from 2000 to 2020.
Conclusion: The results of studies showed that in the first 6 months after surgery, the dimensions of the airway decrease, but over time, due to the adaptation of the surrounding tissues and relapse after surgery, there is an improvement in the dimensions of the airway; Also, the study of index-related breathing disorders during sleep disorders during sleep showed that this surgery does not necessarily lead to obstructive sleep apnea.
Lipoma of floor of the mouth: A case report
Authors: Hala Raza Syeda , Aman Babar , Ahmed Sufyan
Published: February 2021

Lipoma a benign mesenchymal tumor is a rare finding in the oral cavity. This paper reports a case of 75 years old male patient with a huge lipoma of the floor of the mouth, along with its manage- ment at the Department of Maxillofacial surgery at Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Pakistan.
Conclusion: Lipoma of the floor of the mouth is very rare. We endorse complete surgical excision as an optimal treatment of oral lipoma.
Beyond Willingness to Speak Chinese: Case of Transferring Learning Chinese into Communication among University of Ghana Students.
Authors: Nkrumah Bright
Published: February 2021

Willingness to communicate (WTC) has become an important role that facilitate language learning, the aim of this paper is to investigate WTC in Chinese as foreign language of motivation to transfer learning through oral communication among students learning Chinese at the university of Ghana. Second language learner’s motivation to transfer learning is grounded on effort, desire, knowledge, and skills learned in classroom and beyond the classroom to achieve the goal of learning a language.   By adopting a survey approach, a quantitative data was administered for the study via questionnaires. one hundred (100) participants from level 200,300 and 400 were involved in the study to ascertain the factors that influence student’s willingness to communicate in Chinese. According to the results, personality trait, environment and teaching practice, language skills, the complexity of medium of translation, anxiety and self-confidence, were factors that contributes to students WTC.

Keywords-University of Ghana, Chinese learners, willingness to communicate
Ethiopia Digital Rights Landscape Report
Authors: Gagliardone Iginio , Brhane Atnafu
Published: February 2021

This report introduces findings from ten digital rights landscape country reports on Ethiopia. They analyse how the openings and closings of online civic space affect citizens’ digital rights. They show that: (1) when civic space closes offline citizens often respond by opening civic space online; (2) when civic space opens online governments often take measures to close online space; and (3) the resulting reduction in digital rights makes it impossible to achieve the kind of inclusive governance defined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Optimizing welfare in transport and slaughter of cattle
Authors:   Iowa State University, USA, Shearer Jan
Published: February 2021

Transport represents one of the most stressful events an animal may experience. Its impact on the welfare of beef and dairy cattle is frequently underestimated, as are the effects of transport on carcass quality issues such as bruises and dark cutting beef. For ease of discussion, the process is broken down into three phases: pre-transport, transport and arrival at slaughter. The pre-transport phase includes selection of animals to be removed from herds and determining their fitness for travel, and making preparations based upon weather conditions, time and distance to the ultimate destination. The behavioral tendency of cattle to stand during transport increases stress, fatigue and the potential for injury as time in transit increases, especially for compromised animals. Upon arrival at slaughter, animals should exit at that their own speed into an alleyway that provides an obvious unrestricted path to follow in route to a holding pen. The holding pen should provide immediate access to water and be large enough to avoid overcrowding of animals. The movement of animals from the pre-slaughter holding pen to the alleyway leading to the stun box should move in an orderly and calm manner with little, or preferably no use of prodding devices. Once the animal enters the restrainer, stunning should proceed without delay.