bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-Guided Injections at the Lateral
Femoral Cutaneous Nerve: The Inguinal
Ligament as a Barrier
Authors: Meng Stefan
Published: March 2021

Background: Ultrasound-guided perineural injections at the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
(LFCN) may confirm the correct diagnosis and provide symptom relief in meralgia paresthetica.
Although correct visualization of the nerve is generally described as feasible, failure rates of the
procedure may be as high as 30%.
Objectives: This study investigated the spread of injected fluids in ultrasound-guided perineural
injections at the LFCN. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the inguinal ligament impedes
the distribution of injected fluids along the course of the LFCN.
Study Design: We used a descriptive research design.
Setting: Research was conducted at an anatomical research facility.
Methods: In fresh, nonembalmed cadavers, 2 mL of ink were injected with ultrasound-guidance
at the LFCN below the inguinal ligament. The course of the nerve was then dissected to show the
extent of nerve staining.
Results: Spread of the injected ink proximal to the inguinal ligament was found in 67.65% of
specimens, while the ink did not pass the inguinal ligament in 32.35%. Concerning proximal
spread, specimen body mass index was not of any relevance.
Limitations: This cadaver study is only a simulation of the real clinical setting and does not allow
any insight into the efficacy of the injection in living patients.
Conclusions: The inguinal ligament is a barrier in the distribution of injected fluids in about onethird of specimens. This might be a major cause of failure in ultrasound-guided injections. The
results from our study are in line with previously published failure rates and our findings might
provide the anatomic basis to advance injection techniques.
Key words: Cadaver study; injection; lateral femoral cutaneous nerve; LFCN; meralgia
paresthetica; nerve entrapment; sonography; ultrasound
Therapeutic Effectiveness of Percutaneous
Endoscopic Spinal Surgery for Intraspinal Cement
Leakage Following Percutaneous Vertebroplasty:
An Early Clinical Study of 12 Cases
Authors: Chu Lei
Published: March 2021

Background: Intraspinal cement leakage is a catastrophic complication of percutaneous
vertebroplasty (PVP). Percutaneous endoscopic spinal surgery (PESS) for intraspinal cement leakage
has rarely been reported.
Objectives: To evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of PESS for intraspinal cement leakage
following PVP.
Study Design: This was a retrospective study approved by the ethics committee of our institution.
Setting: Department of Orthopedics from an affiliated hospital.
Methods: Twelve patients with neurologic impairments resulting from intraspinal cement
leakage after PVP were treated with PESS for spinal decompression from May 2014 to June 2018.
Computed tomography and 3-dimensional reconstruction were used to confirm the vertebral level
of cement leakage. The surgical index, neurologic function, and clinical results were recorded in
this study.
Results: The leaked cement of all patients was successfully removed under PESS, and no severe
intraoperative complications were reported in our study. The operation time ranged from 43 to
119 minutes (mean, 65.5 minutes). The amount of intraoperative blood loss was 64.25 ± 9.62 mL.
The lengths of postoperative hospital stays were 5.25 ± 2.53 days. The follow-up rate was 83.3%
(10/12). The follow-up time ranged from 14 to 30 months (mean, 22 months). The Visual Analog
Scale scores of foraminal leaks improved from 6.50 ± 0.93 preoperatively to 1.75 ± 0.71 at the last
follow-up (P < 0.05). Neurologic function was evaluated by Japanese Orthopaedic Association 29
scores, which improved from 18.75 ± 1.06 to 22.70 ± 1.64 (P < 0.0001). The good and excellent
rates were 80% according to the modified Macnab criteria.
Limitations: This study is limited by the volume of patients and the deep learning curve needed
for PESS.
Conclusions: PESS, as a minimally invasive technique, can achieve targeted spinal cord
decompression and may be a safe and effective alternative approach to conventional procedures
for cement leakage after PVP.
Key words: Endoscopes, cement leakage, minimally invasive surgery, percutaneous vertebroplasty
Prevalence and Impact of Low Back Pain in a
Community-Based Population in Northern India
Authors: Bansal Dipika
Published: March 2021

Background: Low back pain (LBP) ranks first for disability and sixth for overall burden on world
health, with an annual approximate cost of $135 billion. There are limited data on the prevalence
and risk factors for LBP in developing countries, such as India.
Objectives: To assess the prevalence, pain intensity, and quality of life (QOL) associated with LBP
in northern India.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Settings: Northern states of India.
Methods: Adult population of different strata of the community were interviewed. Lifetime,
point, 1-year, and age standardized lifetime prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and
QOL, and pain intensity using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11) were determined. Binary logistic
regression test was conducted to determine the predictors of LBP prevalence; odds ratio (OR) with
95% CI are presented. Significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05.
Results: A total of 1,531 patients were interviewed of whom 48% were men and mean (standard
deviation [SD]) age was 32 (10) years. Lifetime, point, 1-year, and age standardized lifetime
prevalence (95% CI) were 57% (54%–59%), 32% (30%–34%), 48% (46%–51%), and 59%
(56%–62%), respectively. Average (SD) NRS-11 was 4.2 (2.6). Significant impact of LBP on sleep
(24%), depression/psychological problems (24%), and social life (28%) were observed. Women
(OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.80–2.77; P < 0.05), walking/lifting activity (OR, 1.362; 95% CI, 1.097–
1.692; P < 0.05), and increasing age (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02–1.04; P < 0.05) were most significant
positive predictors of LBP.
Limitations: The progression of LBP could not be assessed in the enrolled patients.
Conclusions: LBP is highly prevalent in India, adversely affecting QOL in respondents. This calls
for action by health officials to plan prevention, education, and management programs in the
society.
Key words: Low back pain, pain intensity, prevalence, incidence, quality of life
Influence of the Generation of Motor Mental
Images on Physiotherapy Treatment in Patients
with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Touche Roy La
Published: March 2021

generating kinesthetic and visual motor imagery.
Objectives: The main aim of this study was to determine whether the ability to generate
mental motor imagery (MIab) influences psychological, motor, and disability variables in patients
with NCLBP. The secondary aim was to determine whether an approach based on therapeutic
exercise (TE) and therapeutic education (TEd) could improve the MIab in those patients with less
ability to perform it.
Study Design: Cross-sectional and quasiexperimental study.
Setting: Physical Therapy Unit of primary health care center in Madrid, Spain.
Methods: A total of 68 patients were divided into 2 groups according to a greater (n = 34)
or lesser (n = 34) MIab. Treatment was based on TEd and TE for the group with less ability to
generate kinesthetic and visual motor imagery. The outcome measures were imagery requested
time, self-efficacy, disability, pain intensity, lumbar strength, psychological variables, and MIab.
Results: The group with lesser MIab showed lower levels of self-efficacy (P = 0.04; d, −0.47)
and lower levels of lumbar strength and extension strength (P = 0.04; d, −0.46 and P = 0.02; d,
−0.52, respectively). After the intervention with TE and TEd, MIab (both kinesthetic and visual)
improved significantly, with a moderate to large effect size (P ≤ 0.01; d, −0.80 and P ≤ 0.01; d,
−0.76, respectively), as did pain intensity, lumbar strength, disability, and psychological variables
(P < 0.05), but not levels of self-efficacy (P > 0.05). Based on the results, the patients with NCLBP
with lesser MIab achieved lower levels of self-efficacy and lower strength levels.
Limitations: The results of this study should be interpreted with caution because of its
quasiexperimental design and a bias selection.
Conclusions: A clinical TE approach, coupled with a TEd program, resulted in significant
improvement in MIab (both kinesthetic and visual), reduced pain intensity, increased lumbar
strength, reduced disability, and improved psychological variables, but it did not significantly
improve self-efficacy levels in the patients with NCLBP.
Key words: Chronic low back pain, motor imagery, disability, lumbar strength
Connecting people, Trade and Orders of Knowledge: Mediality and Intermediality of Early Modern Auction Catalogues
Authors: Harding Elizabeth
Published: March 2021

Auction catalogues are considered a key source in different fields of historical research and are exploited both by traditional scholarship as well as more recent, digital, big data approaches regarding the information supplied on the offered objects (books, art works, or other trade goods). By focusing on auction catalogues as objects, their properties and uses, this contribution seeks to unveil its potential for scholarship on trade, the history of knowledge and, in the case of interleaved copies, early modern note taking practices, in their links to interaction. Indeed, it argues, auction catalogues played a pivotal, productive role, as they facilitated social interaction und advanced knowledge. Moving beyond a data harvesting approach, it opens up a new praxeological perspective on auction catalogues.
Introduction: The Social (Re)production of Diversity
Authors: Orsini Giacomo
Published: March 2021

As a mutual constituent of sameness, otherness defines belonging by demarcating the boundaries of what is similar and acceptable against what is different and, eventually, unacceptable. Mobilized to establish the limits of inclusion and exclusion, otherness transforms over time depending on contextual relations of power. As such, through history, selected groups of people have come to be represented as dangerous ‘others’ – and eventually as a threat for everyone else’s safety and security. Accordingly, while minorities had both to adapt or resist marginalization and exclusion, others concurrently reinforced their political, economic, cultural and social positions of power through their strategic mobilization of alterity.
The use of English terms in Spanish newspapers
Authors: Hamudi Enas Sadiq
Published: March 2021

The Spanish language is the fourth most spoken language in the world (after Arabic and English and Chinese).  Many words of Arabic were entered in it, where 10% of the Spanish words return to Arabic origin, as well as a large number of English, French and German   . Research divider of three chapters:

Chapter I: Introduction, which is the objective of the research and the choice of subject for the purpose of study, criticism and analysis.

Chapter II: It is a part of which is known as Ray Anglicism number of writers.

Chapter III: Featuring practical part in the research, which we extracted the words of the original English, which are alien to the Spanish language and we analyze them according to Ray Spanish scientists and offer what the right word to be used instead of the term in addition analysis use the right or wrong of this term by Ray complex scientific language Spanish RAE. And references that have
Effect of parents-teachers conferences on the achievement of third Intermediate class
Authors: Dagher Khalid Muften
Published: March 2021

The present study deals with the effect of parents- teachers conferences on the achievement of third Intermediate class . It has been noticed that some students' parents do not get involved in school activities or support school goals at home .and that will affect on the students' progress . It is very important for students' parents to go to parents-teachers conference . Going to the parents-teachers conferences provide the parents and the teachers opportunities to work together as a team in order to help students in their learning . The present study consists of five chapters ;  the first chapter includes the problem , aims , limits of the study and definition of terms . Chapter two is concerned with the previous study in the field of home school relationship and parents-teachers conferences .  Chapter three discusses the procedures of the research ; defining the population , sample ,  constructing the research instrument ( questionnaire ) , its validity and reliability , in addition to the statistical means used in analyzing the data . Chapter four deals with the presentation and discussion of the results depending on the results of the questionnaire .   Chapter five  involves the conclusions arrived at from analyzing and interpreting the results . It also includes suggestions deduced from these conclusions which may help the students in their studies
Expressionism in Susan Glaspell's Trifle
Authors: Wale Instr. Kamal
Published: March 2021

The main purpose of this research paper is to show how Expressionism is influential to  postwar American literature, especially to the one-act play entitled Trifles (1916) written by Susan Glaspell (1876-1948). America witnessed a new period of special culture and art during the second half of the twentieth century, especially after the second world war. The traditional forms of art have failed to satisfy the wishes and aspirations of the new artists who deliberately look for new forms to express their attitudes towards the new state of life to be lived after grave wars that have caused humanity great losses on many and various levels. Thus, they have felt the need to break away with the existing traditional modes of expression. Hence, there appears  new dramatic movements like existentialism, surrealism and Expressionism. The latter movement advocates the expression of the enthusiastic emotional state of the artist reacting to the anxieties of the modern world. The title one-act play Trifles can be regarded as a very well example illustrating the aims of this new movement and anticipating its appearance.
Investigating Dyslexia Among Iraqi EFL University Students
Authors: Kamel Assist.Inst. Nuha Amir
Published: March 2021

Dyslexia is a language-based learning disability. It refers to a bunch of symptoms, which result in people having difficulties with specific language skills, mainly reading. Students with dyslexia may experience difficulties in other language skills such as spelling, writing, and speaking.  It is necessary here to clarify exactly what is meant by Dyslexia as a life-long condition; however its impact can change at different stages in a person’s life.To achieve the aim of the research, a sample of (122) first year students of English language Department / College of Education for Humanities/ Diyala University are considered to be the subjects of this research. A scaled questionnaire as an instrument of measurement is used in this research to be an investigatory tool.       The results of this research prove that the hypothesis of this study is verified and accepted which reads that some Iraqi EFL students have dyslexia and undiagnosed by teachers and can be manifested in reading, writing and speaking learning difficulties they have.
Investigating Iraqi EFL Intermediate School Teachers' Perceptions toward Using Language Games for Learning English
Authors: Khudhair Assist. Inst. Nisreen  Kadhim
Published: March 2021

One useful strategy to encourage learning a foreign language is using language games .Using games in language learning is not restricted to any classroom size. Employing games is beneficial for all students since it helps them to view the language as a living means of communication, enables them to try and use it without the feeling of being assessed according to their language skills and at the same time learn useful parts of the language and reinforce knowledge they have already gained.The study aims at investigating Iraqi EFL intermediate school teachers' perceptions toward using language games for learning English. To fulfill the aim of the present study, a sample of (85) EFL intermediate school teachers taken randomly from different schools .To achieve the aim of the study , teachers' questionnaire consists of (43) items is  applied as instruments .From the analysis of the data, a  t-test analysis shows  a statistically significant difference according to teacher perceptions toward using language game. It is recommended to use games since they are very effective especially for the intermediate school and games are helpful for the teacher as a procedure for learning language .
Closing air waves against Iraq in the dry season
Authors: Alussainawi Assis. Prof. Dr. Aziz  Kuti
Published: March 2021

Iraq exposed during the dry season of the year for the movement of the waves aerobic closed that appear in the upper layers of the atmosphere when barotrauma level of 500 millibars, which play a big role in shaping climate characteristics in this chapter, but this research aims to define the concept of these waves and the study of their properties and know Tkaraha and the days of survival through a holistic climate study is based on the fit methodology and the nature of these studies that rely on maps ritual daily cycle climate junior standing eleven years starting from 1998 and ending at the end of 2008, depending on the night Alrsd analysis (00) and Day (012) GMT time International any three o'clock in the morning and three o'clock in the afternoon local time, has been replicated account and the days of the monthly survival and Annual during the months of the dry season during which appeared closed the waves in June and July and August and September, showing variation frequency and days monthly survival and annual according to the Rsd and as appropriate to their appearance or weather conditions her disappearance.
Apply base rank - sized cities in Iraq for two years 2007.2030
Authors: Jaber Assist. Dr. Entezar Jassem
Published: March 2021

Including the base level - Size (Rand - Size rule) trying to come up with a system that can be found by the cities in the territory, so search application base level - has cared sized cities in Iraq to get to know the applicability of this rule to the cities of Iraq. The urban landscape in Iraq (according to the duration of the study or for the years 2007.2030) is characterized by control of the city of a great head of a Baghdad and a number of major cities and this means a lack of hierarchy-out, and that exists in Iraq major city and a few large sovereign cities and not balanced urban. Any the urban landscape in Iraq, representatives of the big city away Gradually urban balance in accordance with the standard rank - size where a regular hierarchy, there is a relationship between the sizes of cities and numbers, with the less volumes cities increased in number and vice versa.
Over the content of books chemistry intermediate stage of multiple intelligences include
Authors: Aboad Assist. prof.  Kamil Karim
Published: March 2021

هدف البحث الحالي تحليل محتوى كتب الكيمياء للمرحلة المتوسطة على وفق الذكاءات المتعددة ،ولتحقيق هذا الهدف استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. ،واعتمد اداةً لتحليل المحتوى – وحدة المساحة –لتحليل كل كتاب من كتب الكيمياء الثلاث -، وتم عرضها على الخبراء والمختصين في طرائق تدريس الكيمياء والقياس والتقويم ، وبعد التوافق على فقراتها تم اعتمادها كأداة تحليل ، واشتملت عينة البحث كتب الكيمياء للصفوف المتوسطة الثلاث. واستعملت الوسائل الاحصائية المناسبة لمعالجة المعلومات ومنها مربع كاي لإيجاد الفروق بين قيمة كل ذكاء ملاحظ في محتوى الموضوعات المتضمنة في كل كتاب من الكتب الثلاثة وقيمه المتوقعة ، وقد أظهرت نتائج البحث وجود فروق دالة احصائيا بين ما متوقع وملاحظ للذكاءات المتعددة  للكتب الثلاث بشكل عام فيما عدا الذكاءات (الحركي ، الموسيقي ، والاجتماعي) التي لم تسجل اي تكرار ولم يتم تضمينها في الكتاب .ولم تظهر وجود فروق احصائية دالة  عند مستوى (0.05) بين ما هو ملاحظ  نتيجة لتحليل محتوى الكتب الثلاث ، والمتوقع تضمينه في الكتب المدرسية الثلاث لكيمياء المرحلة المتوسطة ، وقد خرج الباحث بعدد من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات اللازمة .
The nature of freedom to Sartre
Authors: Awada Inst. Dr . Hanan Ali
Published: March 2021

The philosophy of Sartre is all revolves "freedom", so he said that man is free and is doomed to freedom. In this regard he introduced the idea of force and oppression and its relationship to human freedom. The responsibility and the choice, by the responsibility. The man bears the responsibility is everyone and the freedom reveals itself  through the anxiety and its correlation with awareness .
Presence in Greek philosophy From blindness to God
Authors: Faisal Dr. Sahira Hussein
Published: March 2021

Our research entitled( Existence in the Greek philosophy of blindness to God) is study about the first problem of philosophy and about the importance of matter in this philosophy, all Greek philosophers discussed this problem : What is the origin of existence and how it had been found? All of them, without exception, found(believed) that the matter is the first and alon origin of the universe and they often name it(matter) with blindness or unclear or unlimited, but this matter was not enough itself to convince  Greek mind as the origin of the universe or is the only force that created the universe with the system and the life0all that  led the greek mind to doubt with whole philosophy,so that it was(philosophical thinking)stopped for speculation and contented of religious philosophy that was brought by Plotinus, which says that God is the only force that created the universe. we followed the historical method in the study of problem to follow its development in the Greek mind in all its stages ،and we divided the Search into three sections are:

First Search: the myth and natural thinking before Socrates.

The second Search: the humanitarian and scientific philosophy.

The third Search: the practical philosophy
The Shopping Community An Application Study of the Efficiency of the Shopping Community In bab Al-Moadhem
Authors: Abdullah Dr. Sinaa Adnan
Published: March 2021

The trade markets are acquiring their importance from the need of people for them. The more the people need, the more the importance. Bab Al-Moadhem trade center of one of the forms on which people depend for work and shopping, whether the shoppers where from the nearby neighborhoods or from distance areas. The importance is constant and persistent due to the distinguished location near city center and the Bus Station there. The importance also increased due to being a market for a number of the shoppers. The result of the study is the emphasis on the importance through the raise of the number of shoppers in average of (11.229) shopper/ day during the rush time in the days of the week. The biggest ratios of those shoppers were from outside the area of the study that comes for their jobs in the governmental institutions and directorates. However, most of those shoppers suffer from the congestion of markets and the lack of organization and order and the mixing of the vehicles with the movement of the shoppers in addition to the absence of the municipal services like paving the streets and the spread of the garbage in the sides of the market. That necessitates the activation of the role of the municipal offices to develop the center in consistence with the needs and requirement of the city.
Iraq and the European Union towards a Strategic Partnership
Authors: Al-Jaberi Prof. Dr. Sattar Jabbar
Published: March 2021

The Iraq's relations with the European Union countries of the oldest and surest Iraq's foreign relations, in spite of the damage to those relationships during certain time periods, and sometimes degradation several considerations, they quickly return to normal, the importance of Iraq's strategy for European countries on the one hand, and interest in Iraq, the European its relations On the other hand .

The EU played an important role in Iraq in the era after 2003, through important political relations with the Iraqi government, and try to achieve a real partnership in the political, economic and cultural fields, and interested in EU areas of human rights, and civil society organizations, and strengthen the Iraqi security capacity and we will try in this Find the study of the positions of the European Union countries of Iraq, and then try the European Union and Iraq to establish a strategic partnership between them.
The Urbanite Expansion Upon the Uses Pattern of Land Use Factors in it , Al-Dor Town as a Case study
Authors: Hussein Assist. Prof. Taha Mushab
Published: March 2021

The urbanite expansion regarded one  of the important subjects which has occupied wide space in city geography field, rather expanded more than this field towards humanitarian sciences that has great relation with other sciences  due to its importance in stability of population and happy living.

This research has dealt with the subject (The urbanite expansion upon the uses style of Land Use effected factors in it, Al-Dor town as case study) . It consisted of introduction, objective, the problem of the research, hypothesis and the method of research .

First topic dealt with basic designs experienced by the town, it expansion regarding population and other services . Second topic dealt with effected factors upon uses style which included natural, economical and social factors. The research finally draws some conclusions and recommendations.
Psychological Pollution of Baghdad University Students and Its Relation with Social Compatibility
Authors: Meera (PhD) Assist. Prof. Amal Kadhim
Published: March 2021

Find goal 1. psychological study of pollution at Baghdad University Students 2. Measuring the differences in psychological pollution variable depending on the sex and specialization 3. social harmony measure at Baghdad University Students 4. Tradition measure pollution between psychological and social compatibility Was selected a random sample of the research community, the researcher prepare a tool to measure the psychological pollution and adopted the dry Scale (2010) to measure social consensus, and after analyzing the data statistically significant results showed that college students suffer from psychological pollution and have no social consensus and these results showed researcher set of recommendations and propos
Iraq's Educated Elite Plight of Alienation and Marginalization
Authors: Mohemmed Assist.Prof. Mazin Marsool
Published: March 2021

When a group in the community is classified as elite educated, meaning that there are foundations awarded through which this group as such, because they will control the reality and destiny of this community, they are the compass that will go by individuals as elite graduate as a reference carrying the grotesque craggy melody preponderance of mind and insight and vision needed the course of life, so the hopes pinned on the urgent imperatives of these elites in the delivery of and put it in a bank here to safety. But when they go sour these elites and become weak in thoroughbreds its components through which remain march of this society, then are these missed compass success and lost triggers labeled as elite and deviated from the leadership is serious for this community, and that is what has happened in the elite Iraqi intelligentsia, which refers to him things to different images of rupture and rivalries and rifts plaguing chose these elites, society loses confidence in those who entrusted him with the care of the governing authority tasks, especially if the final was practiced dictatorship abhorrent to people.
Effect of analytical questions in the collection of geographical material at the fifth grade literary students
Authors: Faleh Lecturer. Akeel Abbod
Published: March 2021

اجريت هذه الدراسة في محافظة ديالى ، واستهدفت تعرف اثر استعمال الاسئلة التحليلية في تحصيل مادة الجغرافية عند طلاب الصف الخامس الأدبي ولتحقيق هدف البحث اختار الباحث عينة من مدارس محافظة ديالى تكونت من 82 طالبا توزعوا على مجموعتين تجريبية وضابطة، وبعد اجراء التكافؤ الاحصائي بين طلاب المجموعتين، اعد الباحث مستلزمات التجربة من اهداف سلوكية وخطط تدريسية وأسئلة تحليلية، ثم اعد اختبارا تحصيليا تكون من 50 فقرة من نوع الاختيار من متعدد اتسم بالصدق والثبات والموضوعية، طبقه الباحث في نهاية التجربة، وتوصل الى تفوق طلاب المجموعة التجريبية على طلاب المجموعة الضابطة. وفي ضوء نتائج البحث اوصي الباحث بضرورة اهتمام مدرسي المواد الدراسية عامة والمواد الاجتماعية بخاصة بإعداد اسئلة تحليلية لكل فصل من فصول الكتب المنهجية المقررة ، بحيث تتلاءم مع القدرات العقلية والمعرفية للطلاب وعلى وجه الخصوص طلبة الصف الخامس الادبي والمرحلة الاعدادية. واقترح اجراء دراسات لاحقة مكملة للبحث.
Ahmed thyme poem by the poet Mahmoud Darwish - Deliberative study -
Authors: Zughayyar Assist.Prof Dr . Hadi Sdech
Published: March 2021

يضم هذا البحث بين دفتيه دراسة لقصيدة أحمد الزعتر للشاعر محمود درويش وفق المنهج التداولي ، وقد ركز البحث على جوانب مهمة في هذه القصيدة التي تعد من غرر شعر المقاومة الفلسطينية ؛ وقد اعتمدت على صوتين ، صوت الشاعر ، وصوت البطل الشهيد ( أحمد ) ، الذي منحه الشاعر صفات الفدائي الذي حمل همومه وهموم شعبه ، فعانى من الغربة واللجوء كما عانى شعبه ، وكان النموذج الأسمى للمقاتل الفلسطيني .

    وتكون هذا البحث من مقدمة موجزة لمفهوم التداولية وتاريخ ظهورها ، ونموها ، وأشهر روادها ، وعلاقتها بالعلوم الأخرى ، وكذلك المذاهب الأدبية ، ثم تليها فقرات البحث على النحو الآتي : 1- الإشاريات 2- الأفعال الكلامية التي تتكون من 1- التعبيريات  2- الإخباريات  3- التوجيهيات 4- التكرار ، ثم الثنائيات.
The book (literary criticism) for the sixth grade of the Preparatory School critical Study
Authors: Faraj Dr. Ali Dakhel
Published: March 2021

يندرج هذا البحث ضمن الدراسات التي تعنى بتقويم مناهج اللغة العربية المقررة في المدارس العراقية وتحليلها، وقد تناول الباحث كتاب (النقد الادبي) للصف السادس الاعدادي/ الفرع الادبي، محللا وناقدا ومسلطا الضوء على المنهجية المتبعة في تأليف الكتاب، وعلى طريقة توزيع المادة العلمية، والأفكار التي تضمنتها، وأسلوب عرضها وتبويبها، والمستوى اللغوي، فضلا عن الجوانب الفنية التي تتعلق بإخراج الكتاب وطباعته.

    وقد توصل الباحث الى أنَّ الكتاب يُغطِّي الأهداف التربوية التي أُلِّف من اجلها، ولكنه مع ذلك لم يخلُ من الهنات والاشكاليات المنهجية التي ارتبطت بتوزيع مادته العلمية، والأسلوب المتبع في عرضها، وافتقارها الى التوازن والدقة في بعض الحالات. أما من جهة السلامة اللغوية والاسلوبية، فقد ظهر للباحث أنَّ الكتاب شابته أغلاط كثيرة متنوعة، لغوية، وأسلوبية، وطباعية، واملائية، في حين كان من المفترض أنْ يخلو منها تماما، أو-على اقل تقدير-أنْ تكون قليلة ومعدودة، ولا سيما حين يكون الامر مرتبطا بتدريس اللغة العربية.
Textual lesson Rhetorical and Rhetorical lesson Script A linguistic study
Authors: Jabr Dr. Murtoda mazyed
Published: March 2021

مثلت أركان الصنيع اللغوي (المتكلم والنص والمتلقي) عماد الدرس اللغوي النّصّيّ الحديث في دراسة المعايير النصية السبعة, التي هي القصد, والقبول, والسبك, والحبك, والمقامية, والتناص, والإعلامية لتحقيق ما يسمى بالنصية ، وهذهِ الأركان الثلاثة، فضلاً عن المعايير السبعة تمثل عماد الدرس البلاغي في اللغة العربية لتحقيق ما يسمى بالبلاغية، فجاء هذا البحث ليبين نصية الدرس البلاغي، وبلاغية الدرس النصي، فضلاً عن بعض المقاربات المصطلحية بين مصطلحات ذينك الدرسين.
The concept of Sentence in Stylistic Studies
Authors: Hussein Dr. lqa Adel
Published: March 2021

تناول البحث مفهوم الجملة في الدراسات الأسلوبية ، وأصل هذا المفهوم عند النحويين القدامى والمحدثين وعند اللغويين واللسانيين (اللغويين المحدثين) الذين هم سبب رئيس لظهور الأسلوبية، وقد حاولنا فيه بيان الاختلاف في المفاهيم بين الغرب والعرب، وقد قسم البحث بعد الخاتمة على ثلاثة مباحث: الأول: مفهوم الجملة وتأليفها عند النحويين، والثاني: مفهوم الجملة وتأليفها عند اللغويين واللسانيين، والثالث مفهوم الجملة وتأليفها عند الأسلوبيين، ثم الخاتمة وأهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها خلال البحث.
Satirical Caricatures in the Andalusian Poetry
Authors: Abdulallah Lect. Dr. Rafid Jihad
Published: March 2021

يعد التصوير الكاريكاتوري الهجائي واحدا من الموضوعات النقدية التي امتاز بها شعراء الاندلس من غيرهم بالفكاهة والسخرية والتندر، والاستعانة بروح الدعابة من اجل التعبير عما يريدونه حتى لو كان في ذلك هجاء للسلطة، وقد درست تلك الصور الكاريكاتورية الهجائية من خلال مبحثين، القسم الاول على:

التصوير الكاريكاتوريّ الهجائيّ للوزراء.

التصوير الكاريكاتوريّ الهجائيّ للقائمين بأعمال الدولة.

التصوير الكاريكاتوريّ الهجائيّ للقضاة.

القسم الثاني على:

    - التصوير الكاريكاتوريّ الهجائيّ للفقهاء .

    - التصوير الكاريكاتوريّ الهجائيّ للبخلاء .
The Initiative in the Koran
Authors: Dawood T. Assist. Zainab Salman
Published: March 2021

إنّ غياب الإرادة الثابتة المطمئنة التي من شأنها أن تحدث مجتمعاً لا نظير له، وغياب العقول التي تبادر بالحلول إشكالية تبتغي حلا أو  معالجة والنصوص القرآنية هي معالجات نصية إذا ما طبقت على الواقع، وهذا ما اقتضته  الإرادة الربانية, ومن المفاهيم التي احتوتها نصوص القرآن مفهوم المبادرة، فقد وردت مضامين هذا اللفظ بألفاظ، منها: التسابق، والمسارعة، والمنافسة، والأولية في الطاعات, حاولت الباحثة جاهدة إبراز مضامين خطاب الله تعالى للبشر بالارتقاء نحو الإنجاز, نحو الهدف السامي، وهو رضا الله تعالى.
Information and communication technologies and their impact on social security Social field study at the University of Baghdad
Authors: Rash M.M.Maryam Jabbar
Published: March 2021

Attention to issues of community and information networks and social increased since the Internet form Vdhaih informational and success in establishing his groups, has become the Internet Btfaalath part of everyday life for many individuals, saluting exposed Iraqi family, many of the challenges of growing and dangers with Maishdh society of rapid shifts physical and intellectual changes coincide with the breadth the pace of globalization and openness to Western cultures, especially with the wide range of technological and communication revolution and the information that allowed ample room for the penetration of the effects of other cultures in the reality of Iraqi society, and in this regard this study provides an analysis of the extent of utilization of the Internet in the province of Baghdad and its impact on the social security of the Iraqi society has adopted the study on two foundations theoretical side and the side of the field to collect the necessary information and data required for the analyzes of the study has reached important results, as put forward a number of recommendations that can help to achieve positive and effective results
Quantitative and incidental analysis of road accidents No. (6) Section (1)
Authors: Al Dulaimi Dr. Jamal Hamed Rashid
Published: March 2021

Spatial analysis of traffic accidents on the road to Baghdad - Cote d'

Represent traffic accidents and the resulting human and material losses with significant implications for the national economy through the resulting from the steadily growing in accidents. The purpose of the preparation of this message, highlighting the importance of the road to Baghdad - Cote in between Baghdad and Khafezh Wasit and cons of accidents and the problems caused by the extent of their capacity to satisfy the need of users in the study area private towing General because this road is a product of the development in the study area , reaching Total length of road ( 172 / km) a reflection of the level of development and economic activity, which reached the region as well as the fact that this road is the basis for the implementation of many projects of economic and development across the two provinces and Iraq also aimed message to determine the extent of the impact of geographic factors positively and negatively on the network, in order to finding the relationship between the road as a phenomenon of geography and the surroundings of the elements of natural and human in its schedule, and the aim of this study was to determine the characteristics and features and follow the development dimensions of the road , and explore patterns in the light of the changes spatial in the

 territory of the study and evaluation of geography as a reflection of the extent of its development economically and socially in the study area,In order to achieve these goals varied ways curriculum known followed by the researcher , in keeping with the nature of the topics in the course of the search, The study of traffic accidents on the road to Baghdad - Cote d' distribution and causes and effects that appear as a result of such incidents so contained study carries four chapters and ensure each chapter , including a number of detective first chapter three detectives , first , for example , use historical approach when pursuing the origins and evolution of roads and the second part the use of the curriculum fundamentalist , which dealt with geographical factors that have affected the road network , which turned out to be an impact and role in causing the accident and then in Section III of the research study of human factors and their impact on the way the study area and traffic accidents.
Evaluate the performance of the secondary school principals in exams management from the perspective of teacher's
Authors: Ahmed Dr. May Faisal
Published: March 2021

A field study aimed to evaluate the performance of secondary schools in the examinations from the perspective of teachers, administration managers, adopted in this study, descriptive and analytical approach. Was identified research community which consisted of (3981), a school teacher, research sample stratified random way chosen by (6.882%) of the research community, as the number of respondents reached (274) of secondary teachers. Was built questionnaire included 60 items distributed among the fields of study. And make sure the two researchers of the validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using the search software (SPSS), and the researchers apply the resolution in the first semester of the academic year 2015-2016. And reached the following findings: that the performance of school principals in exams administration level was up about a year and reflects the skill and ability.
Environmental product between need, custom and application
Authors: Hussein Dr. Mohamed Ali
Published: March 2021

Address our marked with (Environmental product between need, Customs and application) to examine the concept of need and the custom of the product of environmental as well as the possibility of employment of the product of environmental products in a contemporary, has emerged as the importance of research needs and the basic needs of secondary school and its relation to custom and tradition. Find out the set of results, including  

Basic needs and secondary schools are the foundation to create a product ecosystem

Affect religious practice largely on the nature of the constituent motifs and colors used in the product and then comes the environmental heritage and historical social custom then, according to the sequence

Possible to employ the product's environmental products developed using modern raw material after treatment with the same permanence to enable some to gain employment or visual appearance of materials in the products of materials in the products of modern environmental.
The influence of Pesian language on the Basrah Accent in the present and past
Authors: Poornajaf. Dr. Assist. Prof. Yaqoub Yoosof , Hosseini Dr. Assist. Prof. S. Mojtaba Ahmad
Published: March 2021

منذ القَدمِ تأثرتِ اللغة العربية والأدب العربي باللغة والثقافةِ الإيرانية، واستَمر هذا التأثر فِي العصور ولاسيّما في العصر العباسي، وظهر جلياً فِي النصوص التاريخية والعلمية والأدبية، ومن مظاهر هذا التأثير في الثقافة البصرية. والألفاظ المعرَّبة كثيرة تلفت الانتباه. موضوع هذا البحث هو التقصي وكشف معدل الألفاظ الفارسية المستعملة والأكثر تأثيراً في هذه المدينة العريقة والمجاورة، لمدينة خرمشهر الإيرانية، ومعرفة أنواع هذه الألفاظ، وذلك بالاستعانة بالمنهج الفنيّ اللغويّ والإحصائيّ، ومراجعة تلك النصوص، واستخراج الألفاظ الفارسية منها. إنًّ أكثر هذه الألفاظ الفارسية المستعملة بسيطة بعيدة عن التعقيد اللفظيّ کما إنّ أكثرها تقرئ بألفاظ مرکبة
The Narrative of terrorism and accountability of reality in a novel (Cue and river dance) / semiotics approach
Authors: Luaibi Dr. Mohammed Qasim
Published: March 2021

بات من الضروري التوقف عند علاقة الخطاب الروائي في العراق بقضايا الواقع، ولاسيما قضية الإرهاب، ضمن إطار مقاربة المتن الروائي، ومحاولة فهم علاقة الإرهاب بالأدب وأثرها على النص السردي، إذ نسعى  للإجابة على السؤال الآتي: كيف وظف الروائي قضية الإرهاب من خلال تجربته السردية؟

   إنّ البحث في ظاهرة الإرهاب وعلاقتها بالخطاب الروائي يقودنا إلى استقراء النصوص التي ارتبط ظهورها بمرحلة بروز الإرهاب في المجتمع العراقي ؛ لأن ما سجلته هذه النصوص يمثل توثيقامهما لهذه المرحلة ، فضلا عن أنها تحدد موقف الكاتب وإحساسه تجاه ما يحصل. وعليه جاء اختيارنا لرواية (رقصة الجديلة والنهر) لـ وفاء عبد الرزاق  لتكون مدونة بحثنا التي تزامن صدورها مع ما يشهده العراق من أحداث إرهابية، لتستمد الدراسة مادتها من الواقع، في محاولة لمساءلة قضاياه الفاعلة، عبر استنطاق النص الروائي وعلى وفق معطيات المنهج السيميائي.
Quranic discourse Approach in light of textual linguistics
Authors: Sabri M. Dr.. Khaled Hamid
Published: March 2021

يحاول هذا البحث أن يقدم رؤية متواضعة لكيفية اغتنام بعض المفاهيم التي تقدمها لسانيات النص بوصفها نشاطاً تأويلياً وتحليلياً وتوظيفها في مقاربة النص القرآني لكنها مقاربة غير منبتة الصلة عما قدمته المجالات المعرفية التراثية المختصة بالكشف عن آليات فهم هذا النص المقدس، وتأتي في مقدمتها مباحث علوم القرآن.

    وإلى جانب ذلك؛ كان هناك هدف آخر – مهم - حاول البحث تحقيقه، وهو الكشف عن بعض الإشكاليات التي كانت هاجساً لدى بعض الباحثين، أدى إلى التشكيك في وحدة النص القرآني تارة، وإلى التشكيك في جدوى الآليات التأويلية التي اجترحها المفسرون والمعنيون بالنص القرآني تارة أخرى.
Engraving, Brocade And Decoration In The Poetry Of Lisan Aldeen Ben Al-Khatedeb
Authors: Kareem Assit. Lect.Dr. Nardeen Radha
Published: March 2021

تناول هذا البحث النَّقش والرَّقم والطَّرز في شعر لسان الدين بن الخطيب، والنقش هو ما كان في الرّخام والخشب، أما الرَّقم والطَّرز، فيكونان في الجلود والثياب عامّة وغيرهما، وأكثر أشعار لسان الدين بن الخطيب الخاصة بهذا  الموضوع الشعريّ، جاءت منقوشة في جدران القصور وقبابها، وطيقان الماء، ومنها ما رُقمت في حمّالات السيوف، أو طُرزت في سفرة طعام أو ثوب، وسيفصل البحث هذا الموضوع
Relations between the Fatimids and the Crusaders in the Levant and Egypt (491-567 AH / 1097-1171 AD)
Authors: Shafiq M.D.Azhar Ibrahim
Published: March 2021

توفر البحث في موضوعه على دراسة العلاقات بين الفاطميين والصليبيين في بلاد الشام ومصر (491-567هـ/1097-1171م) واثره في الخلافة. واشار البحث الى موقف الفاطميين من الحملة الصليبية الاولى والتوسع الصليبي في فلسطين وموقف الفاطميين منه، والتوغل الصليبي في (مصر، صور، عسقلان) واثره في العلاقات الفاطمية الصليبية كُلَّ بمبحث خاص.
An analytic study of the levels of evaluation questions in English courses in Syrian secondary schools according to Bloom’s Taxonomy
Authors: Al-Skaf M. Maysoun shams aldiyn
Published: March 2021

تهدف الدراسة إلى تصنيف مستويات الأسئلة التقويمية في مقرر اللغة الانكليزية للصف الثاني الثانوي في سورية وفقاً لتصنيف بلوم، كما تهدف إلى تحليل النسبة المئوية للأسئلة في كل مستوى (تذكر، فهم، تطبيق، تحليل، تركيب، وتقويم). تتألف عينة الدراسة من كتاب الطالب في الصف الثاني الثانوي في الجمهورية العربية السورية. وتتبع الدراسة المنهج الكمي باستخدامها أداة بطاقة التحليل لقياس تكرار الأسئلة التقويمية. تظهر النتائج أن الأسئلة التقويمية في كتاب الطالب للغة الانكليزية في الصف الثاني الثانوي تغطي جميع مستويات تصنيف بلوم. والنسب المئوية كالآتي: التذكر 51.65%، الفهم 14.89%، التطبيق 9.02%، التحليل 2.8%، التركيب 7.48%، والتقويم 2.63%. وهكذا، فإن التذكر وهو مهارة التفكير الأدنى هو المستوى الأكثر تكراراً في الأسئلة بينما التقويم هو المستوى الأقل وروداً.
The Impact of the Flipped Classroom Strategy in the Achievement of the Second stage Intermediate Schoolgirls in Dictation Subject
Authors: Azeez Inst. Dr. saif Sa'ad Mahmood
Published: March 2021

This paper aims at investigating" The Impact of the Flipped Classroom Strategy in the Achievement of the Second stage Intermediate Schoolgirls in Dictation Subject". To achieve this purpose the researcher put the following null hypothesis : there is no statistical difference among the achievement of the control group schoolgirls who followed the traditional  method and the achievement of the experimental group schoolgirls that are taught by using the flipped classroom strategy  in the dictation subject. So, the research is restricted to cover the second semester 2015/2016 , to the second stage intermediate schoolgirls , and the topic of the dictation are : "how to write the middle HazaahK on Ya'ah,ah , and all its special cases"all these topics determined by the ministry of education to be studied in the second semester .

     Then, the researcher followed the experimental method in his study determining  the study community which consists of (68) second stage intermediate schoolgirls and he also specified the second semester 2015/2016 .Later, the corpus was randomly divided into two groups; the experimental group which consisted of (34) who were taught depending on the flipped classroom strategy ,whereas the control group consisted of (34)students who were taught following the traditional method. After that the researcher made an achievement test applied later , the test consisted of(20 ) items which are multiple choice test . Then, the psychometric features of the test have been confirmed .the experiment was applied in 12/2/ 2016 lasted to 17/ 4/ 2016.

The results of the study revealed that the superiority of the experimental group on the control one. The results were:"the positive effect of the flipped classroom strategy on the students' achievement ",also, the recommendations were drawn finally as:"the significance of using such strategy and many other modern strategies in teaching dictation ", and accordingly ,there were three suggestions which were:"similar researches study other academic topics in dictation using other modern strategies
Van Hail levels included the content of math curriculum of preparatory school
Authors: Al _ Tameemi Dr. Asmaa Fawzi
Published: March 2021

Three-dimensional geometry is regarded as the most important branch in mathematics because of its relation to practical life and at the same time is an active and enjoyable material; the students regarded it as a complex and understood. Van Hill had divided the geometric thinking into five levels (imaginary, analytical, semi-deductive, absolute deductive and completely absolute deductive) so the researcher want to find out the attendance degree of these levels in math’s books for preparatory stage, and the difficulties of geometry can be traced back to the content of school books as well as the method of presentation or the loss of connecting the materials with the students’ needs and tendencies, or for both. The research problem becomes clear through the answer ti the main question: what is the degree of containing Van Hills’s levels that are included in both math’s book for fifth and sixth scientific preparatory for the academic year (2015-2016).

The limits of the research are:-

The 8Th chapter of math’s book at fifth scientific preparatory  grade 7th edition ,2015

The 6th chapter of math’s book of sixth scientific preparatory grade. 7th edition ,2015

The researcher relied on analytic descriptive math’s book of preparatory grade and the sample is represented by the 8th chapter (the three dimensional geometry) of fifth scientific preparatory grade and the 6th chapter (the three dimensional geometry) of math’s book of sixth scientific preparatory grade.

The researcher has built the analysis tool and has chosen the item unit (topic) as a basic unit to analyses the content, it has applicator on the sample research after finding the validity and stability of the unit

The result has been as follows:-

In relation to the identification of Van Hill’s and sixth scientific grad . The search results indicated that the levels implied in order (imaginary, semi-deductive, analytic and logical deductive) .Level V did not get any percentage.
Suggested Instructions for the Iraqi university Libraries
Authors: Daoud Dr. Salman Joudi
Published: March 2021

The study aims at highlighting the instructions - numbered ( 92) 1995 and issued by the Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research – confined to the libraries of Iraqi universities, and suggesting new ones. The instructions accord with the developments in the Arabic and International Universities. The analytical descriptive method is used to fulfill the study. By logging into their sites and emailing them, the researcher has observed that the organizational structures, services, and bylaws of many Iraqi, Arabic, and International University libraries have been making use of relevant criteria and studies. The study has suggested new instructions about the organizational structures of the university libraries as to their procedures, services, buildings, supplies, and human and financial resources.