bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distant Recurrence Risk after Late Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence: Results of a Retrospective, Single-Institution Study
Authors: Ishitobi Makoto , Okuno Jun , Kittaka Nobuyoshi , Nakayama Takahiro , Koyama Hiroki , Tamaki Yasuhiro
Published: August 2015

Objectives: There is limited information regarding risk factors for distant recurrence in patients with late ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR). Methods: Late IBTR was defined as IBTR occurring >5 years after the initial surgery. Seventy-eight patients with late IBTR were reviewed to examine the risk factors of distant recurrence. Results: The negative estrogen receptor and positive HER2 statuses of IBTR were significantly correlated with poorer distant disease-free survival (p = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that the HER2 status of IBTR was an independent predictive factor of distant recurrence (p = 0.04). Conclusions: The results of our retrospective, single-institution study revealed that the HER2 status of IBTR was an independent predictive factor of distant recurrence in patients with late IBTR.
The Diagnostic Utility of Single Long Contiguous Stretches of Homozygosity in Patients without Parental Consanguinity
Authors: Pajusalu Sander , Žilina Olga , Yakoreva Maria , Tammur Pille , Kuuse Kati , Mölter-Väär Triin , Nõukas Margit , Reimand Tiia , Õunap Katrin
Published: August 2015

We present data from our clinical department's experience with chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) regarding the diagnostic utility of 1 or 2 long contiguous stretches of homozygosity (LCSHs) in an outbred population. The study group consisted of 2,110 consecutive patients from 2011 to 2014 for whom CMA was performed. The minimum cut-off size for defining a homozygous stretch was 5 Mb. To focus on cases with no parental consanguinity, we further studied only patients in whom the total length of homozygous stretches did not exceed 28 Mb or 1% of the autosomal genome length. We identified 6 chromosomal regions where homozygous stretches appeared in at least 3 patients and excluded these from further analysis. In 2 out of 120 patients with an isolated finding of 1 or 2 non-recurrent LCSHs, a plausible candidate gene associated with their phenotype was identified within the homozygous stretch. In both of these cases, a pathogenic mutation was detected, leading to diagnoses of pyruvate kinase deficiency and Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome. To clarify whether previously found homozygous stretches could be important for the interpretation of genome-wide sequencing data, we report 7 cases in which homozygous stretches not encompassing a clinically associated gene were first found on CMA, followed by the diagnostic whole-exome sequencing. The diagnostic utility of single LCSHs, unlikely to be caused by uniparental disomy, is discussed in detail.
Diabetes increases the risk of deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
Authors: Chung Wei-Sheng , Lin Cheng-Li , Kao Chia-Hung
Published: August 2015

We evaluated the effects of diabetes on the risks of developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in a nationwide, population-based cohort study in Taiwan. The patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were identified, and DM-free controls were randomly selected from the general population and frequency-matched according to age, sex, and index year by using the records of the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database between 2000 and 2011. Both cohorts were followed up until the end of 2011 to measure the incidence of DVT and PE. We analysed the risks of DVT and PE using Cox proportional-hazards regression models. The overall incidence of VTE was higher in the T2DM patients than in the controls (12.0 vs 7.51 per 10,000 person-years). The T2DM patients exhibited a 1.44-fold adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of VTE development compared with the controls (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.27–1.63). The risks of DVT (aHR = 1.43, 95 % CI = 1.23–1.65) and PE (aHR = 1.52, 95 % CI = 1.22–1.90) were greater in the T2DM than those in the controls. The T2DM patients had a substantially higher risk of DVT (aHR = 5.10, 95 % CI = 3.12–8.32) and PE (aHR = 7.50, 95 % CI = 3.29–17.1) development than the controls did in adults aged 49 years and younger. In conclusion, the longitudinal nationwide cohort study indicated that T2DM patients carried greater risks of developing VTE than did the general population.
Abnormal megakaryopoiesis and platelet function in cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mice
Authors: Amadio Patrizia , Rocca Bianca , Pesce Maurizio , Machlus Kellie R. , Ranelletti Franco O. , Gianellini Sara , Weksler Babette B. , Italiano Joseph E. , Tremoli Elena , Barbieri Silvia S. , Petrucci Giovanna , Tarantino Eva
Published: August 2015

Previous studies suggest that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) might influence megakaryocyte (MK) maturation and platelet production in vitro. Using a gene deletion model, we analysed the effect of COX-2 deficiency on megakaryopoiesis and platelet function. COX-2-/- mice (10–12 weeks old) have hyper-responsive platelets as suggested by their enhanced aggregation, TXA2 biosynthesis, CD62P and CD41/CD61 expression, platelet-fibrinogen binding, and increased thromboembolic death after collagen/epinephrine injection compared to wild-type (WT). Moreover, increased platelet COX-1 expression and reticulated platelet fraction were observed in COX-2-/- mice while platelet count was similar to WT. MKs were significantly reduced in COX-2-/- bone marrows (BMs), with high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios, low ploidy and poor expression of lineage markers of maturation (CD42d, CD49b). However, MKs were significantly increased in COX-2-/- spleens, with features of MK maturation markers which were not observed in MKs of WT spleens. Interestingly, the expression of COX-1, prostacyclin and PGE2 synthases and prostanoid pattern were modified in BMs and spleens of COX-2-/- mice. Moreover, COX-2 ablation reduced the percentage of CD49b+ cells, the platelet formation and the haematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow and increased their accumulation in the spleen. Splenectomy decreased peripheral platelet number, reverted their hyper-responsive phenotype and protected COX-2-/- mice from thromboembolism. Interestingly, fibrosis was observed in spleens of old COX-2-/- mice (28 weeks old). In conclusion, COX-2 deletion delays BM megakaryopoiesis promoting a compensatory splenic MK hyperplasia, with a release of hyper-responsive platelets and increased thrombogenicity in vivo. COX-2 seems to contribute to physiological MK maturation and pro-platelet formation.
Edoxaban for treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer
Authors: Di Nisio Marcello , Bleker Suzanne M. , Segers Annelise , Mercuri Michele F. , Schwocho Lee , Kakkar Ajay , Weitz Jeffrey I. , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Boda Zoltan , Carrier Marc , Chlumsky Jaromir , Décousus Hervé , Garcia David , Gibbs Harry , Kamphuisen Pieter W. , Monreal Manuel , Ockelford Paul , Pabinger Ingrid , Verhamme Peter , Grosso Michael A. , Büller Harry R. , Raskob Gary E. , van Es Nick
Published: August 2015

Direct oral anticoagulants may be effective and safe for treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients, but they have not been compared with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), the current recommended treatment for these patients. The Hokusai VTE-cancer study is a randomised, open-label, clinical trial to evaluate whether edoxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor, is non-inferior to LMWH for treatment of VTE in patients with cancer. We present the rationale and some design features of the study. One such feature is the composite primary outcome of recurrent VTE and major bleeding during a 12-month study period. These two complications occur frequently in cancer patients receiving anticoagulant treatment and have a significant impact. The evaluation beyond six months will fill the current gap in the evidence base for the long-term treatment of these patients. Based on the observation that the risk of recurrent VTE in patients with active cancer is similar to that in those with a history of cancer, the Hokusai VTE-cancer study will enrol patients if whose cancer was diagnosed within the past two years. In addition, patients with incidental VTE are eligible because their risk of recurrent VTE is similar to that in patients with symptomatic disease. The unique design features of the Hokusai VTE-cancer study should lead to enrolment of a broad spectrum of cancer patients with VTE who could benefit from oral anticoagulant treatment.
Uncertain thrombophilia markers
Authors: Franchini Massimo , Martinelli Ida , Mannucci Pier Mannuccio
Published: August 2015

The development of venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, may be associated with inherited or acquired risk factors that can be measured in plasma or DNA testing. The main inherited thrombophilias include the plasma deficiencies of the natural anticoagulants antithrombin, protein C and S; the gain-of-function mutations factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A; some dysfibrinogenaemias and high plasma levels of coagulation factor VIII. Besides these established biomarkers, which usually represent the first-level laboratory tests for thrombophilia screening, a number of additional abnormalities have been less consistently associated with an increased VTE risk. These uncertain causes of thrombophilias will be discussed in this narrative review, focusing on their clinical impact and the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. Currently, there is insufficient ground to recommend their inclusion within the framework of conventional thrombophilia testing.
Assessment of Myocardial Remodeling Using an Elastin/Tropoelastin Specific Agent with High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Authors: Protti Andrea , Lavin Begoña , Dong Xuebin , Lorrio Silvia , Robinson Simon , Onthank David , Shah Ajay M. , Botnar Rene M.
Published: August 2015

Background

Well‐defined inflammation, proliferation, and maturation phases orchestrate the remodeling of the injured myocardium after myocardial infarction (
MI
) by controlling the formation of new extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix consists mainly of collagen but also fractions of elastin. It is thought that elastin is responsible for maintaining elastic properties of the myocardium, thus reducing the risk of premature rupture. An elastin/tropoelastin–specific contrast agent (Gd‐
ESMA
) was used to image tropoelastin and mature elastin fibers for in vivo assessment of extracellular matrix remodeling post‐
MI
.

Methods and Results

Gd‐
ESMA
enhancement was studied in a mouse model of myocardial infarction using a 7 T
MRI
scanner and results were compared to those achieved after injection of a nonspecific control contrast agent, gadolinium‐diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐
DTPA
). In the infarcted tissue, Gd‐
ESMA
uptake (measured as R1 relaxation rate) steadily increased from day 3 to day 21 as a result of the synthesis of elastin/tropoelastin. R1 values were in good agreement with histological findings. A similar R1 behavior was observed in the remote myocardium. No mature cross‐linked elastin was found at any time point. In contrast, Gd‐
DTPA
uptake was only observed in the infarct with no changes in R1 values between 3 and 21 days post‐
MI
.

Conclusions

We demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo imaging of extracellular matrix remodeling post‐
MI
using a tropoelastin/elastin binding
MR
contrast agent, Gd‐
ESMA
. We found that tropoelastin is the main contributor to the increased
MRI
signal at late stages of
MI
where its augmentation in areas of infarction was in good agreement with the R1 increase.
Korean Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Network: Genetic Variants for AF Do Not Predict Ablation Success
Authors: Choi Eue‐Keun , Park Jae Hyung , Lee Ji‐Young , Nam Chung Mo , Hwang Min Ki , Uhm Jae‐Sun , Joung Boyoung , Ko Young‐Guk , Lee Moon‐Hyoung , Lubitz Steven A. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Pak Hui‐Nam
Published: August 2015

Background

Genomewide association studies have identified several loci associated with atrial fibrillation (
AF
) and have been reportedly associated with response to catheter ablation for
AF
in patients of European ancestry; however, associations between top susceptibility loci and
AF
recurrence after ablation have not been examined in Asian populations. We examined whether the top single nucleotide polymorphisms (
SNP
s) at chromosomes 4q25 (

PITX
2

), 16q22 (

ZFHX
3

), and 1q21 (

KCNN
3

) were associated with
AF
in a Korean population and whether these
SNP
s were associated with clinical outcomes after catheter ablation for
AF
.

Methods and Results

We determined the association between 4
SNP
s and
AF
in 1068
AF
patients who underwent catheter ablation (74.6% male, aged 57.5±10.9 years, 67.9% paroxysmal
AF
) and 1068 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The
SNP
s at the

PITX
2

and

ZFHX
3

loci, but not the

KCNN
3

locus, were significantly associated with
AF
(

PITX
2

/rs6843082_G: odds ratio 3.41, 95%
CI
2.55 to 4.55,
P
=1.32×10
−16
;

PITX
2

/rs2200733_T: odds ratio 2.05, 95%
CI
1.66 to 2.53,
P
=2.20×10
−11
;

ZFHX
3

/rs2106261_A: odds ratio 2.33, 95%
CI
1.87 to 2.91,
P
=3.75×10
−14
;

KCNN
3

/rs13376333_T: odds ratio 1.74, 95%
CI
0.93 to 3.25,
P
=0.085). Among those patients who underwent catheter ablation for
AF
, none of the top
AF
‐associated
SNP
s were associated with long‐term clinical recurrence of
AF
after catheter ablation.

Conclusions

SNP
s at the

PITX
2

and

ZFHX
3

loci were strongly associated with
AF
in Korean patients. In contrast to prior reports, none of the 4 top
AF
‐susceptibility
SNP
s predicted clinical recurrence after catheter ablation.
Association Between Anemia and Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Coutinho Jonathan M. , Zuurbier Susanna M. , Gaartman Aafke E. , Dikstaal Arienne A. , Stam Jan , Middeldorp Saskia , Cannegieter Suzanne C.
Published: August 2015

Background and Purpose—

Anemia is often considered to be a risk factor for cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), but this assumption is mostly based on case reports. We investigated the association between anemia and CVT in a controlled study.

Methods—

Unmatched case–control study: cases were adult patients with CVT included in a single-center, prospective database between July 2006 and December 2014. Controls were subjects from the control population of the Multiple Environmental and Genetic Assessment of Risk Factors for Venous Thrombosis (MEGA) study. Anemia was defined according to World Health Organization criteria: nonpregnant women hemoglobin <7.5 mmol/L, pregnant women <6.9 mmol/L, and men <8.1 mmol/L. We used logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex, malignancy, oral contraceptive use, and pregnancy/puerperium.

Results—

We included 152 cases and 2916 controls. Patients with CVT were younger (mean age, 40 versus 48 years) and more often women (74% versus 53%) than controls. Anemia was more frequent in cases (27.0%) than in controls (6.5%;
P
<0.001). Anemia was associated with CVT, both in univariate analysis (odds ratio, 5.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6–7.9) and after adjustment for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio, 4.4; 95% CI, 2.8–6.9). Hemoglobin as a continuous variable was inversely associated with CVT (adjusted odds ratio per 1 mmol/L change 0.53; 95% CI, 0.42–0.66). Stratification by sex showed a stronger association between anemia and CVT in men (adjusted odds ratio, 9.9; 95% CI, 4.1–23.8) than in women (3.6; 95% CI, 2.1–6.0).

Conclusion—

Our data suggest that anemia is a risk factor for CVT.
Emergence, Agency, and Interaction—Notes from the Field
Authors: Penny Simon
Published: August 2015

This article describes the development of several interactive installations and robotic artworks developed through the 1990s and the technological, theoretical, and discursive context in which those works arose. The main works discussed are Petit Mal (1989–1995), Sympathetic Sentience (1996–1997), Fugitive I (1996–1997), Traces (1998–1999), and Fugitive II (2001–2004)—full documentation at ( www.simonpenny.net/works ). These works were motivated by a critical analysis of cognitivist computer science, which contrasted with notions of embodied experience arising from the arts. The works address questions of agency and interaction, informed by cybernetics and artificial life.
Contested History: Brahmanical Memories of Relations with the Mughals
Authors: Truschke Audrey
Published: August 2015

Brahman Sanskrit intellectuals enjoyed a century of relations with the Mughal elite. Nonetheless, such cross-cultural connections feature only sporadically in Persian chronicles, and Brahmans rarely elaborated on their imperial links in Sanskrit texts. In this essay I analyze a major exception to the Brahmanical silence on their Mughal connections, theKavīndracandrodaya(“Moonrise of Kavīndra”). More than seventy Brahmans penned the poetry and prose of this Sanskrit work that celebrates Kavīndrācārya’s successful attempt to persuade Emperor Shah Jahan to rescind taxes on Hindu pilgrims to Benares and Prayag (Allahabad). I argue that theKavīndracandrodayaconstituted an act of selective remembrance in the Sanskrit tradition of cross-cultural encounters in Mughal India. This enshrined memory was, however, hardly a uniform vision. The work’s many authors demonstrate the limits and points of contestation among early moderns regarding how to formulate social and historical commentaries in Sanskrit on imperial relations.
How Do Institutions Affect Happiness and Misery? A Tale of Two Tails
Authors: Bjørnskov Christian , Ming-Chang Tsai
Published: August 2015

We generalize the discussion of the relevant determinants of happiness by asking the question if the same factors, more specifically the same institutional factors, affect happiness and misery. Focusing on five formal and informal factors and applying a combined approach to estimating happiness in four categories – misery, moderately dissatisfied, moderately satisfied, and happy – allows us to estimate if factors shift or skew the distribution of subjective wellbeing. We find that legal quality and social trust shift the distribution, i.e. a smaller proportion of people in misery and a larger proportion of people with happiness; in contrast, democracy, religiosity, and voter turnout affect a certain tail of the distribution of wellbeing rather than influence both the happy and the unhappy at the same time.
Rethinking Rethinking the Good
Authors: Temkin Larry S.
Published: August 2015

This article discusses many issues raised by Munoz-Dardé, Katz, Ross, and Kagan. In doing this, I accept many of their claims, but reject others. I contend that the Essentially Comparative View can make genuine comparisons, deny that a contractualist approach helps with my book’s puzzles, and grant that my book’s central results are difficult to comprehend. I note important differences between economists’s impossibility results and my own, but accept that they may illuminate each other, using Sen’s Paradox of the Paretian Liberal to illustrate this. I consider my work’s implications for the Sorites Paradox, as well as famous deontological cases. I also significantly reassess the Narrow Person-Affecting View, and some of my responses to Parfit and Broome. Finally, I stress my book’s many arguments challenging the Axioms of Transitivity, the high costs of retaining such axioms, and the importance of not prematurely choosing between highly plausible views that are inconsistent.
A new combination and new synonym in the Neotropical Heliotropiaceae
Authors: Miranda de Melo José Iranildo , Fernández-Alonso José Luis
Published: August 2015

A new combination in Euploca and a new synonym in Tournefortia (Heliotropiaceae) from the Neotropics are proposed here. Heliotropium purdiei is combined under the genus Euploca and Tournefortia spicata is proposed as a synonym of T. romeroi.
Validation of ordinal and family names for a Triassic fossil liverwort, Naiadita (Naiaditaceae, Marchantiopsida)
Authors: Katagiri Tomoyuki , Hagborg Anders
Published: August 2015

The fossil genus Naiadita Brodie (1845: 93) was originally described by Brodie based on a leafy plant species from the Late Triassic England, Naiadita lanceolata Brodie (1845: 93). The taxonomic position of the species has long fluctuated and it had been supposed to be a monocotyledon allied to Najas Linnaeus (1753: 1015), a water moss allied to Fontinalis Hedwig (1801: 298), or an aquatic Lycopod until Harris (1938, 1939) discovered its reproductive organs and made a comprehensive study on the species. On Harris’s (1938, 1939) closer examinations of the species, it turned out to be a liverwort allied to Riella Montagne (1852: 11) (Riellaceae, Sphaerocarpales, Marchantiopsida). However, its unusual combination of characteristics, makes it impossible to assign to an order/family of extant liverworts. Schuster (1953, 1966) proposed a monogeneric order Naiaditales and a family Naiaditaceae, placed in Marchantiidae of Marchantiopsida. These ordinal and family names are in common use in systematics of liverworts, (e.g. Grolle 1972; Schuster 1979; Krassilov & Schuster 1984; Schofield 1985; Brown 2003). However, each of these names lacked a description/diagnosis when proposed and has never been validly published (ICN Art. 38.1, McNeill et al. 2012). In order to be able to use these names, the ordinal and family names are validated here.
Mallomonas alpestrina sp. nov. (Synurales, Chrysophyceae, Stramenopiles) and its spineless relatives—Mallomonas alata group
Authors: Nemcova Yvonne , Pichrtova Martina , Zeisek Vojtech
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we define the Mallomonas alata group and describe M. alpestrina sp. nov. from an oligotrophic high mountain glacial lake on the slopes of Haba Xue Shan (Haba Snow Mountain), China. The Mallomonas alata group is excluded from the M. pumilio group primarily based on the approximately triangular shape of the collar scales, the small hook-like protruded dome, and one considerably broader anterior flange of the body scale. We extend previous research on small species from the section Torquatae with reticulated scale-shield pattern. Molecular genetic data for the Mallomonas alata group species are not currently available; therefore, we provide detailed information on scale and scale-case morphology, environmental requirements, and geographical distribution of these species.
A new species and a new combination in the genus Aureoboletus (Boletales, Boletaceae) from southern China

Authors: Zeng Nian-Kai , ZHANG MING , Liang ZHI-QUN
Published: August 2015

Two lineages of Aureoboletus (Boletales, Boletaceae) from southern China were revealed by using molecular data based on combined dataset of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit RNA (nrLSU), the translation elongation factor apha-1 (tef1-a) and the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb1). One of them corresponds with the previous morphology-based taxon, viz. Boletellus longicollis, another one is different from those taxa described based on morphological features. And, thus, Auroboletus clavatus sp. nov. and A. longicollis comb. nov. were proposed. A detailed description, colour photos of fresh basidiomata, and a line-drawing of microscopic features of the two taxa were provided.
Nepenthes barcelonae (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Luzon, Philippines
Authors: Cheek Martin , Tandang Danilo N. , Pelser Pieter B.
Published: August 2015

Nepenthes barcelonae is described as a new species in sect. Insignes, where it is unique in the inset mouth and the dichromic upper pitchers (first-produced pitchers red, later-produced pitchers green) which are also dimorphic. This is a newly recorded phenomenon in the genus: the first produced (primary upper pitchers) are red, larger, stouter, and have an uncoiled long tendril, while those later produced (secondary upper pitchers) are green, smaller, more slender, and have a coiled tendril. The only population of this species that is currently known grows in an area less than 10km² on a single mountain. Individual plants are at risk from collecting for the horticultural trade. Following the IUCN criteria, N. barcelonae is assessed as Critically Endangered.
Preembobracon gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae: Ypsistocerini: Embobraconina) from Brazil
Authors: QUICKE DONALD L. J. , BUTCHER BUNTIKA A.
Published: August 2015

Preembobracon zaldivarriveroni gen et sp. nov. from Brazil is described and illustrated. It belongs to the poorly known tribe Ypsistocerini for which biology, is only partly known and then only for the genera of nominal subtribe which are both associated with termite colonies. Preembobracon displays both derived and plesiomorphic character states relative to Embobracon the only other genus of its tribe, and its position in relation to the other genera discussed. Its biology is unknown.
Change of name for the Oriental robber fly Nyssomyia Hull, 1962 (Diptera: Asilidae, Asilinae), nec Nyssomyia Barretto, 1962 (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae)
Authors: IBÁÑEZ-BERNAL SERGIO , FISHER ERIC
Published: August 2015

A new name for the Oriental genus Nyssomyia Hull, 1962 (Diptera: Asilidae) is proposed. Homonymy exists between this Oriental robber fly genus and the more senior Neotropical phlebotomine sand fly genus Nyssomyia Barretto, 1962 (sensu Galati 2003) (Diptera: Psychodidae), and the following replacement name is proposed: Ekkentronomyia nom. nov. for Nyssomyia Hull (nec Barretto 1962). Accordingly, a new combination is herein proposed for the only species currently included in this genus: Ekkentronomyia ochracea (Hull, 1962) comb. nov.
Amblyosyllis, Eusyllis, Odontosyllis, Perkinsyllis and Streptodonta (Annelida: Syllidae) from Brazil, with descriptions of two new species and new records for the country
Authors: PARESQUE KARLA , FUKUDA MARCELO VERONESI , MARTÍN GUILLERMO SAN , NOGUEIRA JOÃO MIGUEL DE MATOS
Published: August 2015

We present herein the first records for Amblyosyllis, Eusyllis and Perkinsyllis from northeastern Brazil, describing and illustrating Amblyosyllis sp., Eusyllis kupfferi and E. lamelligera, which are compared to the morphologically most similar congeners; a brief diagnosis is provided for Eusyllis nonatoi, Odontosyllis aracaensis, O. guarauensis, O. guillermoi and Perkinsyllis biota, described from southeastern Brazil. In addition, a new species of Odontosyllis is described, O. brevichaetosa sp. n., characterized by having short, bidentate falciger blades with inverted dorso-ventral gradation in length, and shafts of ventralmost falcigers from midbody parapodia onwards subdistally inflated, with sigmoid tip. A key for the valid Brazilian species of Odontosyllis is provided. Finally, this is also the first account of the genus Streptodonta for the South Atlantic, with the description of S. fauchaldi sp. n., characterized by a distinct distribution pattern of cilia along body, presence of spiniger-like chaetae, and morphology of falciger blades.
An Analytical Solution for Three-Dimensional Sea–Land Breeze
Authors: Li YaoKun , Chao JiPing
Published: August 2015

Based on the hydrostatic, incompressible Boussinesq equations in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), the three-dimensional sea–land breeze (SLB) circulation has been elegantly expressed as functions of the surface temperature distribution. The horizontal distribution of the horizontal or vertical motion is determined by the first or second derivative of the surface temperature distribution. For symmetric land–sea and temperature distribution, the full strength of the sea breeze occurs inland but not at the coastline, and the maximum updraft associates with the heating center. Setting the temperature difference between land and sea (TDLS), which varies with the island size, there would exist an optimal island size corresponding to the strongest SLB circulation that weakens with both a larger and smaller island size. Each velocity component approaches a peak at a certain vertical level. Both the peak value and the corresponding vertical level link with the vertical scale of the surface temperature: the more significant the influence of the surface temperature vertically, the stronger the SLB circulation at a higher vertical level it induces. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model's ideal simulation for the two-dimensional sea breeze is applied to verify the theory. Two cases, land breeze and sea breeze, further support the theory's results despite a certain slight discrepancy due to the highly simplified theoretical equations.
Projection of Summer Precipitation over the Southeastern United States in the Superparameterized CCSM4
Authors: Zhu Xiaojie , Stan Cristiana
Published: August 2015

Projections of the hydrological cycle over the southeastern United States are compared between CCSM4 and the superparameterized model (SP-CCSM4). Under the extreme forcing of the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) climate change scenario, in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Kentucky, SP-CCSM4 projects a decrease in summer precipitation, whereas the conventionally parameterized CCSM4 projects an increase in summer rainfall. The projected reduction in summer precipitation in SP-CCSM4 is due to the remote influence from the northwest intrusion of the North Atlantic subtropical high, as well as the local decrease of soil moisture content. Both models show that summer precipitation over the southern United States is characterized by a positive feedback with soil moisture. However, in CCSM4 rainfall increases with increasing soil moisture and in SP-CCSM4 rainfall decreases with decreasing soil moisture.

The different representation of cloud processes in the two models yields different responses of precipitation to the latent heat flux changes over the southeastern United States. Moreover, multivariate EOF analyses in the two models suggest that the local land–atmosphere interactions have a stronger influence on the projected changes of precipitation over the southeastern United States than does the North Atlantic subtropical high.
Sea-Breeze Dynamics and Convection Initiation: The Influence of Convective Parameterization in Weather and Climate Model Biases
Authors: Birch Cathryn E. , Roberts Malcolm J. , Garcia-Carreras Luis , Ackerley Duncan , Reeder Michael J. , Lock Adrian P. , Schiemann Reinhard
Published: August 2015

There are some long-established biases in atmospheric models that originate from the representation of tropical convection. Previously, it has been difficult to separate cause and effect because errors are often the result of a number of interacting biases. Recently, researchers have gained the ability to run multiyear global climate model simulations with grid spacings small enough to switch the convective parameterization off, which permits the convection to develop explicitly. There are clear improvements to the initiation of convective storms and the diurnal cycle of rainfall in the convection-permitting simulations, which enables a new process-study approach to model bias identification. In this study, multiyear global atmosphere-only climate simulations with and without convective parameterization are undertaken with the Met Office Unified Model and are analyzed over the Maritime Continent region, where convergence from sea-breeze circulations is key for convection initiation. The analysis shows that, although the simulation with parameterized convection is able to reproduce the key rain-forming sea-breeze circulation, the parameterization is not able to respond realistically to the circulation. A feedback of errors also occurs: the convective parameterization causes rain to fall in the early morning, which cools and wets the boundary layer, reducing the land–sea temperature contrast and weakening the sea breeze. This is, however, an effect of the convective bias, rather than a cause of it. Improvements to how and when convection schemes trigger convection will improve both the timing and location of tropical rainfall and representation of sea-breeze circulations.
A Scatterometer Geophysical Model Function for Climate-Quality Winds: QuikSCAT Ku-2011
Authors: Ricciardulli Lucrezia , Wentz Frank J.
Published: August 2015

Space-based observations of ocean surface winds have been available for more than 25 years. To combine the observations from multiple sensors into one record with the accuracy required for climate studies requires a consistent methodology and calibration standard for the various instruments. This study describes a new geophysical model function (GMF) specifically developed for preparing the QuikSCAT winds to serve as a backbone of an ocean vector wind climate data record. This paper describes the methodology used and presents the quality of the reprocessed winds. The new Ku-2011 model function was developed using WindSat winds as a calibration truth. An extensive validation of the Ku-2011 winds was performed that focused on 1) proving the consistency of satellite winds from different sensors at all wind speed regimes; 2) exploring and understanding possible sources of bias in the QuikSCAT retrievals; 3) validating QuikSCAT wind speeds versus in situ observations, and comparing observed wind directions versus those from numerical models; 4) comparing satellite observations of high wind speeds with measurements obtained from aircraft flying into storms; 5) analyzing case studies of satellite-based observations of winds in tropical storms; and 6) illustrating how rain impacts QuikSCAT wind speed retrievals. The results show that the reprocessed QuikSCAT data are greatly improved in both speed and direction at high winds. Finally, there is a discussion on how these QuikSCAT results fit into a long-term effort toward creating a climate data record of ocean vector winds.
The effects of parental income on Norwegian adolescents’ school grades
Authors: Elstad Jon Ivar , Bakken Anders
Published: August 2015

Associations between family income and offspring’s educational attainment are well-established. A debated topic is whether this association is due to the causal influence of family income per se, or arises because of other family-related circumstances which correlate with income. This study examines the relationship between parental income and Norwegian adolescents’ school grades, using register data on all 16-year-old graduates from lower secondary schools during 2002–2011. Data are analysed both by conventional ordinary least square regression and by sibling analyses using fixed effect models. The sibling analyses control not only for observed covariates but also for unobserved time-invariant environmental and family-related characteristics, implying that the causal effects of income may be better approximated. The results indicate that generally, variations in parental income in contemporary Norway have modest effects on lower secondary school grades. However, noteworthy income effects are found among the 5% of families with the lowest incomes, suggesting that in these families, lack of income hinders children’s school performance.
Anemia and Outcome in Outpatients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Perez Paulina , Esteban Carlos , Caballero Pedro Enrique Jiménez , Muñoz-Torrero Juan Francisco Sánchez , Soria María Teresa Pascual , Aguilar Eduardo , Rodríguez Lorenzo Ramón Álvarez , Sahuquillo Joan Carles , Díaz Ana María García , Monreal Manuel ,   the FRENA Investigators
Published: August 2015

The influence of anemia on outcome in stable outpatients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) has not been consistently investigated. We used data from the Factores de Riesgo y ENfermedad Arterial (FRENA) Registry to compare ischemic events and mortality rates in stable outpatients with symptomatic PAD and anemia. Of 1663 patients with PAD, 208 (12.5%) had anemia. Over 18 months, patients with anemia had a higher rate of myocardial infarction (MI; rate ratio [RR]: 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-3.99), limb amputation (RR: 2.98; 95%CI: 1.70-5.05), and higher mortality (RR: 3.58; 95%CI: 2.39-5.28) than those without anemia. The rates of ischemic stroke (RR: 0.75; 95%CI: 0.23-1.93) and major bleeding (RR: 0.93; 95%CI: 0.15-3.51) were similar. On multivariable analysis, anemia was associated with an increased risk to die (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.32; 95%CI: 1.53-3.50) but not to develop MI (HR: 1.49; 95%CI: 0.73-3.05) or to have limb amputation (HR: 1.49; 95%CI: 0.86-2.59). In stable outpatients with PAD, anemia was associated with increased mortality but not with an increased rate of subsequent ischemic events or major bleeding.
The Rise of Part-time Employment in Canadian Christian Churches
Authors: Reimer Sam , Hiemstra Rick
Published: August 2015

Using data from Canada Revenue Agency’s charitable status (T3010) forms, this article demonstrates the increase in part-time staffing among Canada’s Christian churches over a nine-year period. The growth of part-time staffing and the decline of full-time staffing reflect the declining institutional participation and declining incomes of Catholic and Protestant churches. However, our data suggest that staffing changes are not simply due to tighter budgets, but mirror a societal trend toward part-time work, or the “feminization” of labour norms. We reflect on the implications of this change for clergy and other congregational staff, for churches, and for secularization theory.
Information creation on online drug forums: How drug use becomes moral on the margins of science
Authors: Duxbury Scott William
Published: August 2015

Potential users of grey-market substances seek out internet drug websites to gather legal high information. However, where previous researchers have investigated drug wikis as sources of drug information, few have looked into the drug forums where an abundance of legal-high information is created. Knowledge is produced on internet drug forums through social processes of drug information sharing and relating personal experiences. These knowledge production efforts are a response to internet drug forum members’ perceived need to objectively understand a drug’s behavior. This community perspective, therefore, shapes online drug forum information sharing into a marginal form of citizen science – one that does not incorporate scientist oversight or directly engage with institutional science. The article argues that drug use becomes a social ritual whereby the sharing of drug information is an ethical practice. Additionally, because first-hand experience is needed to create drug information on new substances, a moral undertone is imposed onto drug experimentation.
Zanzotto e la reinvenzione della memoria. Lettura di Conglomerati
Authors: Tassoni Luigi
Published: August 2015

L’interpretazione dell’ultimo capitolo dell’ opus magnum di Andrea Zanzotto indica la coerente unità interna di un testo incentrato sul tema di una catastrofe finale che però, con riferimento a Leopardi, ma anche ai prediletti Celan e Hölderlin, rilancia una sfida e un’apertura alla possibilità di sopravvivenza, ancora più strettamente motivate dalle ragioni della poesia. Ne risulta che le devastazioni di una contemporaneità (virtuale, mentale, materiale) come corpo abnorme rispetto alla storia e alla memoria diventano necessarie alla sopravvivenza dell’io e della parola, così come la scoperta del conglomerarsi geologico e psichico garantirebbe la motivazione forte di rinascita della parola poetica, in una sorta di “nuova dimora” dell’essere che in Conglomerati si fa voce ironica, paradossale, persino costruttiva.
Sulla tipologia dei romanzi in seconda persona (con un archivio provvisorio)
Authors: Petronella Annabella
Published: August 2015

Questo saggio si propone di inquadrare le caratteristiche, le tipologie e alcuni casi esemplari di una inedita forma di sperimentazione narrativa particolarmente diffusa nella letteratura europea e americana del secondo Novecento, ovvero l’uso della seconda persona come procedimento costruttivo della narrazione, tenendo conto della sua fortuna presso i lettori, nella critica e negli studi di teoria della letteratura. Partendo da una preliminare contestualizzazione riguardante la genesi di queste modalità di racconto, si procede quindi a un confronto fra le varie definizioni formulate dagli studiosi, per giungere a individuare le particolari caratteristiche formali e funzionali riscontrabili negli usi del “tu”. Oltre a riportare alcuni esempi tratti dalla letteratura internazionale, si allega un archivio provvisorio di romanzi in seconda persona, che arricchisce con altri dati da me raccolti la mappa già ricca predisposta da Monika Fludernik.
Bipolar risk and mental imagery susceptibility in a representative sample of Chinese adults residing in the community
Authors: Ng Roger Man-kin , Heyes Stephanie Burnett , McManus Freda , Kennerley Helen , Holmes Emily A
Published: August 2015

Background:

We need to better understand the cognitive factors associated with risk for bipolar disorders. Recent research suggests that increased susceptibility to mental imagery may be one such factor. However, since this research was primarily conducted with Western students and at a single time-point, it is not known whether the relationship between imagery susceptibility and bipolar symptoms exists across cultures or within the general community, or whether this relationship remains stable over time.

Aim:

This study evaluated whether Chinese adults identified as being at high (HR) versus low (LR) risk of developing bipolar disorders showed greater mental imagery susceptibility. We aimed to test whether such a relationship was stable over time by measuring imagery characteristics at baseline and at the 7-week follow-up.

Method:

This prospective study recruited a community sample of N = 80 Chinese adults screened for the absence of neurotic and psychotic disorders. The sample was split into HR ( n = 18) and LR ( n = 62) groups at baseline based on a criterion cut-off score on a measure of hypomania, the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). Participants completed measures of imagery susceptibility and its impact: the Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS) and the Impact of Future Events Scale (IFES), at baseline and 7 weeks later.

Results:

HR group reported greater tendency to use imagery in daily life (SUIS) and greater emotional impact of prospective imagery (IFES) than LR group at baseline. These results remained stable at follow-up.

Conclusion:

This study provides preliminary evidence for increased susceptibility to mental imagery in individuals at high risk of bipolar disorders recruited from a community sample of Chinese adults. This extends previous research in Western student samples suggesting that imagery (both levels of use and its emotional impact) may be a cognitive factor with cross-cultural relevance that is stable over time.
Effect of velocity variation on carbon/epoxy composite damage behavior
Authors: Baluch Abrar H , Kim Chun Gon
Published: August 2015

In this paper, the damage mechanism for carbon fiber-reinforced polymers composites was studied from low- to high-velocity impact for different velocity ranges. Initially, the composites were manufactured by using CU125NS prepreg in quasi-isotropic 16 layers pattern [0/±45/90]2s in autoclave by adopting standard procedures. Specimens were also exposed to the simulated LEO environment and 0.42% total mass loss occurred due to out-gassing. Afterwards, the specimens were impacted with Al2017-T4 spherical projectiles of 5.56 mm in diameter, 0.25 g in weight for different velocities ranging from 500 m/s to 2200 m/s. With the impact velocity increase, the energy absorption was found to increase in the composite specimens, while the ratio of energy absorbed to total impact energy remains the same on average. Mainly, the fiber breakage and matrix fracture play a critical role in energy absorption, but delamination contribution also found increasing trend with the increase of impactor velocity. Afterwards, C-SCAN analyses were conducted to investigate the damage patterns, and it was found that the damage area increased with higher velocities. The delamination contribution increased on average by 12.7% for the velocity range of 2200 m/s in comparison to that for 502 m/s. On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that the contribution of fiber breakage, matrix fracture and delamination towards the damage mechanism of composites is greater for higher velocities.
Marriage, Relationship Quality, and Sleep among U.S. Older Adults
Authors: Chen Jen-Hao , Waite Linda J. , Lauderdale Diane S.
Published: August 2015

Sleep is a restorative behavior essential for health. Poor sleep has been linked to adverse health outcomes among older adults; however, we know little about the social processes that affect sleep. Using innovative actigraphy data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project ( N = 727), we considered the role of marriage, positive marital relationship support, and negative marital relationship strain on older adults’ (ages 62–90) self-reported and actigraph-measured sleep characteristics. We found that married older adults had better actigraph-estimated but not self-reported sleep characteristics than the unmarried. However, among the married, those who reported more negative aspects of their marital relationship reported more insomnia symptoms, with the association reduced when psychosocial characteristics were added to the model. The married who reported more positive aspects of their marital relationship showed better actigraph-estimated sleep characteristics; taking characteristics of the physical and mental health and home environment into account reduced this association.
Religion et transition énergétique : une étude en Amérique du Sud
Authors: Parker G Cristián
Published: August 2015

Global society’s goal is to transition to more sustainable forms of energy production and consumption. How is the religious factor supporting this transition to sustainable energy models and renewable energy? This is a question that social scientists are only just beginning to respond to. In Latin America, it has hardly been raised. This article is an effort to answer this question, taking into account the complex nature of the definition of religion and religiosity. Building on a mixed methodology, the author analyses a national survey of Chilean university students. He observes the relationship between religiosity or declared religious choice and certain aspects of the energy transition – energy efficiency, renewable energy and social patterns of sustainable energy consumption – and finds that religion does play a role, but that this is heterogeneous: many trends indicate that Catholics, evangelicals and members of missionary churches do not support the energy transition, while non-believers do, but the trends are weak. The author analyses these and other trends, ponders their meanings and provides an interpretation and typology. His interpretation points to the need for further study of the relationship between religion and changing lifestyles towards more sustainable forms of energy.
Chinese evangelists on the move: space, authority, and ethnicisation among overseas Chinese Protestant Christians
Authors: Huang Yuqin , Hsiao I-hsin
Published: August 2015

Since the 2000s, Chinese Christians in Europe have witnessed an increasing flow of resources and evangelists from Chinese Christian Communities in North America. Based on information gathered in the UK, Germany and China, this article aims to reveal the mechanisms and dynamics behind the space-making and network-building in overseas Chinese Protestant Christians’ missionisation processes. The authors suggest that the increased flow takes place in an imagined faith community reinforced by the discourse on the ‘suffering’ of the Chinese nation, that it is a result of a far-reaching geographical imaginary with ethnic Chinese evangelists as God’s new chosen people, and that it is linked to the dynamics in the specific locations of North America, Europe and China. These mechanisms and dynamics are entangled with a ‘network of moralities’ arising from the discourses on ‘authenticity’ and ‘suffering’. The result is a distinct ethno-religious space, which, however, does not conflict with the cosmopolitan aims of the grand missionary enterprise.