bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is your ad hoc model selection strategy affecting your multimodel inference?
Authors: Morin Dana J. , Yackulic Charles B. , Diffendorfer Jay E. , Lesmeister Damon B. , Nielsen Clayton K. , Reid Janice , Schauber Eric M.
Published: January 2020

Ecologists routinely fit complex models with multiple parameters of interest, where hundreds or more competing models are plausible. To limit the number of fitted models, ecologists often define a model selection strategy composed of a series of stages in which certain features of a model are compared while other features are held constant. Defining these multi‐stage strategies requires making a series of decisions, which may potentially impact inferences, but have not been critically evaluated. We begin by identifying key features of strategies, introducing descriptive terms when they did not already exist in the literature. Strategies differ in how they define and order model building stages. Sequential‐by‐sub‐model strategies focus on one sub‐model (parameter) at a time with modeling of subsequent sub‐models dependent on the selected sub‐model structures from the previous stages. Secondary candidate set strategies model sub‐models independently and combine the top set of models from each sub‐model for selection in a final stage. Build‐up approaches define stages across sub‐models and increase in complexity at each stage. Strategies also differ in how the top set of models is selected in each stage and whether they use null or more complex sub‐model structures for non‐target sub‐models. We tested the performance of different model selection strategies using four data sets and three model types. For each data set, we determined the "true" distribution of AIC weights by fitting all plausible models. Then, we calculated the number of models that would have been fitted and the portion of "true" AIC weight we recovered under different model selection strategies. Sequential‐by‐sub‐model strategies often performed poorly. Based on our results, we recommend using a build‐up or secondary candidate sets, which were more reliable and carrying all models within 5–10 AIC of the top model forward to subsequent stages. The structure of non‐target sub‐models was less important. Multi‐stage approaches cannot compensate for a lack of critical thought in selecting covariates and building models to represent competing a priori hypotheses. However, even when competing hypotheses for different sub‐models are limited, thousands or more models may be possible so strategies to explore candidate model space reliably and efficiently will be necessary.
Spatial ecology of long‐tailed ducks and white‐winged scoters wintering on Nantucket Shoals
Authors: White Timothy P. , Veit Richard R.
Published: January 2020

We examine the long‐term co‐occurrence of long‐tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) and white‐winged scoters (Melanitta fusca) wintering at the Nantucket Shoals off Massachusetts, USA, and ask: (1) What oceanographic features attract these aggregations? (2) How are distributions of prey and sea ducks related to one another? and (3) What is the explanation for the spatial association between these two species? A winter concentration of long‐tailed ducks on the order of 3 × 105 birds have been present near Nantucket Island and the Nantucket Shoals since the 1970s, and there is evidence of some concentration there since the late 1800s. Despite the difference in diet, the two duck species overlap in spatial distribution in relation to a prominent tidal front on the west side of Nantucket Shoals where nested swarms of pelagic amphipods and massive clam beds occur in persistent broadscale concentrations. Gammarid amphipods were collected seasonally by bongo tows over 39 yr (1977–2016), and Atlantic surf clams and ocean quahogs were collected by hydraulic dredge over a 34‐yr timescale (1982–2016). Long‐tailed ducks and white‐winged scoters were counted during systematic low‐level aerial surveys. Both long‐tailed ducks and white‐winged scoters associated with amphipod and clam aggregations at similar scales, and tracked amphipod and clam concentrations at larger spatial scales, up to ~30 km. These multi‐scalar nested associations suggest that the sea ducks foraged within a hierarchical patch system structured by the tidal regime, and concentrated in areas of spatially anchored recurring prey, with highest densities in southwest areas. Enhanced concentrations of prey within a relatively narrow zone on Nantucket Shoals provide a predictable food resource to wintering sea ducks whose populations are in decline. As supported by our generalized additive models, we propose that the positive spatial associations among these species are at least partly explained by local enhancement or facilitation, whereby each species of duck derives foraging benefit from noting the location of aggregations of the other. This interaction will be important to the designation of marine protected areas.
Synthesis and Characterization of Adamantane‐Containing Heteropeptides with a Chirality Switch
Authors: Aloisi Adriano , Christensen Niels Johan , Sørensen Kasper K. , Guilbaud‐Chéreau Chloé , Jensen Knud J. , Bianco Alberto
Published: January 2020

Oligomers assembled from designed building blocks to fold in novel ways have emerged as tools and allow the creation of new structures and molecular properties. Herein, we describe the use of a highly constrained adamantane moiety with one amino group and three carboxylic acids as a monomer. It can be viewed as a constrained, α,α‐dialkylated γ‐amino tri‐acid with side‐chains that mimic glutamic acid. We alternated this amino acid with glycine to synthesize a heteropeptide adamantane‐based oligomer. An N‐terminal l‐ or d‐tyrosine was included to investigate possible chirality induction. The oligomer was assembled by solid‐phase peptide synthesis using Fmoc‐ and Boc‐protection strategies. This novel oligomer was characterized by circular dichroism spectroscopy, which revealed a clear effect from the chirality of the N‐terminal tyrosine. Molecular dynamics simulation indicated that the adamantane oligomers populated compact conformations, with a subset forming cyclic geometries by hydrogen bonding. Through these interactions the chirality of Tyr induced an overall chirality in the cyclic conformations, which is in agreement with the spectroscopic data. This points to the use of adamantane building blocks in novel chirality switches.
Stereoselective Bioreduction of Telluro‐Acetophenones to Optically Active Hydroxy Tellurides
Authors: Bandeira Pamela Taisline , Gotor‐Fernández Vicente , Piovan Leandro
Published: January 2020

Organotellurium compounds exhibit a broad range of useful applications in organic synthesis, materials science and medicinal chemistry fields. Despite their increasing applicability, the synthesis of enantiomerically pure organotellurium compounds remains nowadays scarcely reported in the literature. Herein, the chemical synthesis and biocatalyzed reductions of a set of telluro‐acetophenones using both (R) and (S)‐selective alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) is described for the first time, obtaining enantiomerically enriched hydroxy tellurides with excellent selectivities under very mild reaction conditions. On the one hand, enantiopure para‐substituted (S)‐hydroxy tellurides were obtained using the Ras‐ADH (77–95 % conversion) and ADH‐A (52–75 %), the ADH‐A leading to the enantiopure (S)‐hydroxy tellurides substituted at the meta‐position (69–75 %). On the other hand, the evo‐1.1.200 displayed high selectivity towards the preparation of optically alcohols with substitutions at the para‐position of the aromatic ring (60–68 % conversion and 92–97 % ee), while the Lb‐ADH led to the best results when reducing bulky ketones at the meta‐position (79–82% conversion and 88–99 % ee).
Iodine Catalysed Synthesis of Luminescent β‐Carboline Tethered Thiazolo[4,5‐c]carbazole and Naphtho[2,1‐d]thiazole Derivatives and Estimation of their Light Emitting Properties
Authors: Singh Manpreet , Awasthi Pamita , Singh Virender
Published: January 2020

A Simple, convenient and highly efficient I2‐catalysed approach has been unfolded towards the synthesis of highly fluorescent β‐carboline C‐1(3)‐tethered thiazolo[4,5‐c]carbazoles, naphtho[2,1‐d]thiazoles and benzothiazole derivatives using Kumujian C as a template. This domino strategy proceeds through assembly of 1‐formyl‐9H‐β‐carbolines, arylamines and elemental sulfur via formation of one C–N and two C–S bonds in a single operation. Importantly, the methodology was found applicable to β‐carboline acetals also. A diversely substituted library of 37 β‐carboline tethered arylthiazole hybrids was prepared in excellent yields. The strategy was found appropriate for gram scale synthesis also. The photophysical properties of these fluorophores were also estimated and showed excellent fluorescence properties with quantum yield (ΦF) up to 92 %.
Incorporating textual and management factors into financial distress prediction: A comparative study of machine learning methods
Authors: Tang Xiaobo , Li Shixuan , Tan Mingliang , Shi Wenxuan
Published: January 2020

Financial distress prediction (FDP) has been widely considered as a promising approach to reducing financial losses. While financial information comprises the traditional factors involved in FDP, nonfinancial factors have also been examined in recent studies. In light of this, the purpose of this study is to explore the integrated factors and multiple models that can improve the predictive performance of FDP models. This study proposes an FDP framework to reveal the financial distress features of listed Chinese companies, incorporating financial, management, and textual factors, and evaluating the prediction performance of multiple models in different time spans. To develop this framework, this study employs the wrapper‐based feature selection method to extract valuable features, and then constructs multiple single classifiers, ensemble classifiers, and deep learning models in order to predict financial distress. The experiment results indicate that management and textual factors can supplement traditional financial factors in FDP, especially textual ones. This study also discovers that integrated factors collected 4 years prior to the predicted benchmark year enable a more accurate prediction, and the ensemble classifiers and deep learning models developed can achieve satisfactory FDP performance. This study makes a novel contribution as it expands the predictive factors of financial distress and provides new findings that can have important implications for providing early warning signals of financial risk.
Provenance analysis of Permian sandstones from the Solonker area in central Inner Mongolia, China: Constraints from detrital zircon U‐Pb geochronology and whole‐rock geochemistry
Authors: Wu Xiancan , Shi Yuruo , Anderson J. Lawford
Published: January 2020

We undertook an integrated approach incorporating whole‐rock geochemistry and detrital zircon U‐Pb geochronology from Permian sedimentary rocks in the Solonker area of central Inner Mongolia, China with the aim of constraining the tectonic evolution of the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Geochemical analysis reveals a close relationship between the sedimentary and volcanic rock suites in the study region. Detrital zircons from seven samples collected from the Zhesi Formation yield U‐Pb ages that cluster around 309–275 Ma and 464–435 Ma, with two main age peaks of ~452 and ~288 Ma. However, additional detrital zircons with ages in the range of 2,634–543 Ma are sparse and with no obvious age peaks. The results suggest that the deposition of the Zhesi Formation occurred from the Middle to the Late Permian and from two major age provenances: the Precambrian basement of the North China Plate (~1,880 Ma and ~2,520 Ma) and the Paleozoic Southern orogenic belt along the northern margin of North China (~288 Ma and ~452 Ma). In this contribution, we suggest that the Zhesi Formation in the Solonker area formed in response to the Early to Middle Permian subduction tectonic setting of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean (PAO), probably formed in a forearc basin and that the final closure of the PAO occurred after the Late Permian.
Contribution of CSF biomarkers to early‐onset Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia neuroimaging signatures
Authors: Falgàs Neus , Ruiz‐Peris Mariona , Pérez‐Millan Agnès , Sala‐Llonch Roser , Antonell Anna , Balasa Mircea , Borrego‐Écija Sergi , Ramos‐Campoy Oscar , Augé Josep Maria , Castellví Magdalena , Tort‐Merino Adrià , Olives Jaume , Fernández‐Villullas Guadalupe , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Bargalló Núria , Lladó Albert , Sánchez‐Valle Raquel
Published: January 2020

Prior studies have described distinct patterns of brain gray matter and white matter alterations in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), as well as differences in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers profiles. We aim to investigate the relationship between early‐onset AD (EOAD) and FTLD structural alterations and CSF biomarker levels. We included 138 subjects (64 EOAD, 26 FTLD, and 48 controls), all of them with a 3T MRI brain scan and CSF biomarkers available (the 42 amino acid‐long form of the amyloid‐beta protein [Aβ42], total‐tau protein [T‐tau], neurofilament light chain [NfL], neurogranin [Ng], and 14‐3‐3 levels). We used FreeSurfer and FSL to obtain cortical thickness (CTh) and fraction anisotropy (FA) maps. We studied group differences in CTh and FA and described the “AD signature” and “FTLD signature.” We tested multiple regression models to find which CSF‐biomarkers better explained each disease neuroimaging signature. CTh and FA maps corresponding to the AD and FTLD signatures were in accordance with previous literature. Multiple regression analyses showed that the biomarkers that better explained CTh values within the AD signature were Aβ and 14‐3‐3; whereas NfL and 14‐3‐3 levels explained CTh values within the FTLD signature. Similarly, NfL levels explained FA values in the FTLD signature. Ng levels were not predictive in any of the models. Biochemical markers contribute differently to structural (CTh and FA) changes typical of AD and FTLD.
c‐Jun NH2‐Terminal Protein Kinase Phosphorylates the Nrf2‐ECH Homology 6 Domain of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2–Related Factor 2 and Downregulates Cytoprotective Genes in Acetaminophen‐Induced Liver Injury in Mice
Authors: Chen Yiping , Liu Kaihua , Zhang Jingwen , Hai Yan , Wang Peng , Wang Hongyan , Liu Qiuyan , Wong Catherine C.L. , Yao Jun , Gao Yang , Liao Yijiao , Tang Xiuwen , Wang Xiu Jun
Published: January 2020

Background and Aims

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose induces severe liver injury and hepatic failure. While the activation of c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK) has been implicated as a mechanism in APAP‐induced liver injury, the hepatic defense system controlled by nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a central role in the mitigation of APAP toxicity. However, the link between the two signaling pathways in APAP‐induced liver injury (AILI) remains unclear.

Approach and Results

In this study, we demonstrated that the activation of JNK in mouse liver following exposure to APAP was correlated with the phosphorylation of Nrf2 and down‐regulation of the antioxidant response element (ARE)‐driven genes, NAD(P)H:quinone dehydrogenase 1, glutathione S‐transferase α3, glutathione S‐transferase M1, glutathione S‐transferase M5, and aldo‐keto reductase 1C. The JNK inhibitor, SP600125, or knockdown of JNK by infection of adenovirus expressing JNK small interfering RNA, ameliorated the APAP induced liver toxicity, and inhibited the phosphorylation of Nrf2 and down‐regulation of detoxifying enzymes by stabilizing the transcription factor. Mechanistically, JNK antagonized Nrf2‐ and ARE‐driven gene expression in a Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1–independent manner. Biochemical analysis revealed that phosphorylated JNK (P‐JNK) directly interacted with the Nrf2‐ECH homology (Neh) 1 domain of Nrf2 and phosphorylated the serine‐aspartate‐serine motif 1 (SDS1) region in the Neh6 domain of Nrf2.

Conclusions

Mass spectrometric analysis identified serine 335 in the SDS1 region of mNrf2 as the major phosphorylation site for modulation of Nrf2 ubiquitylation by P‐JNK. This study demonstrates that Nrf2 is a target of P‐JNK in AILI. Our finding may provide a strategy for the treatment of AILI.
Comparing different methods for the estimation of interbank intraday yield curves
Authors: Jeleskovic Vahidin , Demertzidis Anastasios
Published: January 2020

In this study, we compare three different models, namely, the Nelson–Siegel model (NSM), the Svensson model (SVM), and the Diebold–Li model (DLM), for the estimation of an intraday yield curve on the Italian interbank credit market e‐MID. Using a sample, which spans from October 2005 until March 2010, the first important finding is that all three models are highly suitable for the estimation of an intraday yield curve providing superior empirical results when compared with similar works on e‐MID. The second important finding is that, based on different in‐sample statistics, the SVM dominates the other two models before, during, and after the financial crisis from 2007. Moreover, the NSM seems to dominate the DLM although these differences in goodness‐of‐fit between these two models may not be statistically significant. Our findings are of high practical importance from different perspectives regarding interbank credit markets, including the better understanding of trading processes, the optimization of banks' trading strategies, and monetary policy implications. Finally, our findings can be seen as the starting point for further analyses in this research area.
X‐linked ichthyosis: Molecular findings in four pedigrees with inconspicuous clinical manifestations
Authors: Zhang Min , Huang Hailong , Lin Na , He Shuqiong , An Gang , Wang Yan , Chen Meihuan , Chen Lingji , Lin Yuan , Xu Liangpu
Published: January 2020

Background

X‐linked ichthyosis (XLI) is the second most common type of ichthyosis, which is characterized by wide and symmetric distribution of adherent, dry, and polygonal scales on the skin. Steroid sulfatase (STS) gene, which is located at chromosome Xp22.31, has been identified as the pathogenic gene of XLI.

Methods

In this study, chromosome karyotype analysis, bacterial artificial chromosomes‐on‐Beads™ (BoBs) assay, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP‐array) were employed for the prenatal diagnoses in three pregnant women with high‐risk serological screening results and a pregnant woman with mental retardation.

Results

STS deletion was identified at chromosome Xp22.31 in all four fetuses. Postnatal follow‐up confirmed the diagnosis of ichthyosis in two male fetuses and revealed normal dermatological manifestations in other two female fetuses carrying ichthyosis.

Conclusion

The results of the present study demonstrate that a combination of karyotypying, prenatal BoBs, FISH, and SNP‐array may avoid the missed detection of common microdeletions and ensure the accuracy of the detection results, which provides a feasible tool for the reliable etiological diagnosis and better genetic counseling of XLI.
A qualitative study of healthcare professionals’ perceptions of men and women's mental healthcare seeking in Rwanda
Authors: Rugema Lawrence , Persson Margareta , Mogren Ingrid , Ntaganira Joseph , Krantz Gunilla
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to explore health care professionals (HCP’) perceptions about mental‐health‐seeking behaviours in men and women and its social and gender implications in Rwanda. Six focus group discussions including 43 HCPs working at mental health facilities and district hospitals in Rwanda were conducted. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The emerging theme “Traditional gender role patterns and stigma are displayed in mental health care seeking, adherence to treatment and family effects” illustrated how HCPs perceived gender differences and outcomes in mental healthcare seeking. The theme was based on three categories: “Gender differences in health care seeking patterns,” “Gender roles and stigma affect adherence to counselling and treatment,” and “Gender roles exert an influence on family support” and related subcategories, with which each described various aspects contributing to the result. According to HCPs who regularly encountered people with mental health problems, neither men nor women with mental health problems could adequately benefit from the available mental health services because of the strong influence stigma and prevailing traditional gender roles had on men's and women's mental‐healthcare‐seeking behaviour. There is an urgent need for comprehensive societal interventions involving policy makers, HCPs, and the general population to diminish the stigma tied to mental illness and the traditional gender norms that negatively influence healthcare‐seeking patterns; such actions can improve the health of many citizens.
A novel semi‐dry method for the simultaneous removal of Hg and SO2 using spray drying absorption method
Authors: Yi Honghong , Du Chengcheng , Ma Yueqiang , Tang Xiaolong , Zhao Shunzheng , Gao Fengyu , Yang Zhongyu , Huang Yonghai , Yang Kun , Xie Xizhou
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

A novel semi‐dry method called SDA (spray drying absorption) for the simultaneous removal of mercury (Hg0) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) have been proposed in this article, in which Hg0 was initially oxidized by gaseous oxidant (O3) and liquid oxidant (K2S2O8, H2O2, and NaClO2), after which SO2 and Hg2+ were absorbed by Ca(OH)2.

RESULTS

The effects on different process conditions and additives on Hg0 removal were explored at first, and the results indicated that the Hg removal efficiency could be improved by oxidizing or extending the residence time of the liquid phase reaction. When SO2 and Hg coexist in the atmosphere, additives including oxidants or composite additives were added into the mixed system, and the results indicated that the best removal efficiency of SO2 and Hg was about 99.5% and 51% respectively.

CONCLUSION

Since SO2 has good water solubility, it would affect the oxidation of Hg and the removal of Hg. When there was nitric oxide (NO) in the atmosphere, a new stable product was generated which contributed to the removal of Hg, and the removal efficiency of SO2 and Hg was about 99.5% and 57% respectively. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of microbial contamination of the islet product during total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation
Authors: Kumano Kenjiro , Takita Morihito , Vasu Srividya , Darden Carly , Lawrence Michael , Beecherl Ernest , Gupta Amar , Onaca Nicholas , Naziruddin Bashoo
Published: January 2020

Background

The combined use of interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor–α blockers in the peritransplant period has improved outcomes of total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT). However, these drugs may suppress the immune system, resulting in severe infection.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated the impact of microbial‐contaminated islet product on posttransplant complications and metabolic outcomes of TPIAT patients receiving the IL‐1β and TNF‐blockade treatment at our center.

Results

Among 108 TPIAT patients, 37 patients (34%) received contaminated products. Preoperative stent treatment and fibrosis score were independent risk factors for the contamination. There were no significant differences between the contaminated and noncontaminated product groups in posttransplant infectious complication rate, length of hospitalization, or readmission rate. However, islet equivalents (P < .0001) and insulin independence rate (P = .036) at 6 months were significantly lower for patients receiving contaminated product.

Conclusions

These results suggest that combined anti‐inflammatory drug use is safe and well tolerated in TPIAT patients who receive contaminated islet product and does not increase the rate of infectious complications; however, contaminated islet product is associated with poor metabolic outcomes.
Portal vein thrombosis during liver transplantation: The risk of extra‐anatomical portal vein reconstruction
Authors: Rhu Jinsoo , Choi Gyu‐Seong , Kwon Choon Hyuck David , Kim Jong Man , Joh Jae‐Won
Published: January 2020

Background

This study was designed to analyze the risk of extra‐anatomical portal vein reconstruction during liver transplantation (LT) in patient with portal vein thrombosis (PVT).

Methods

Patients who underwent LT between 2008 and 2018 were reviewed. PVT was graded according to the Yerdel system. Risk factor for portal vein complication‐free, graft and overall survival were analyzed with multivariate Cox regression.

Results

Seventy out of 1180 patients had PVT. Number of patients who underwent extra‐anatomical reconstruction were three (13.0%), three (15.0%), and six (50.0%) with grade II, III and IV thrombosis, respectively. Grade III patients with extra‐anatomical reconstruction (HR 10.212, CI 2.475‐42.133, P = .001), grade IV with both anatomical (HR 16.991, CI 5.224‐54.740, P < .001) and extra‐anatomical reconstruction (HR 12.262, CI 2.698‐50.666, P = .001) were risk factors for portal vein complication‐free survival. Grade IV thrombosis with both anatomical (HR 4.296, CI 1.059‐17.430, P = .041) and extra‐anatomical reconstruction (HR 7.777, CI 2.461‐24.571, P < .001) were risk factors for graft failure. Extra‐anatomical reconstruction for both grade I to III (HR 3.638, CI 1.155‐11.453, P = .027) and grade IV thrombosis (HR 4.798, CI 1.773‐12.982, P = .002) were risk factors for survival.

Conclusion

Grade IV thrombosis and extra‐anatomical reconstruction were related to poor prognosis. Therefore, thorough evaluation and planning is required for these patients to improve the outcome.
Irregularity of Carotid Plaque Surface Predicts Subsequent Vascular Event: A MRI Study
Authors: Li Jin , Li Dongye , Yang Dandan , Hang Hailun , Wu Yawei , Yao Rong , Chen Xiaoyi , Xu Yilan , Dai Wei , Zhou Dan , Zhao Xihai
Published: January 2020

Background

The relationship between plaque compositions and irregular plaque surface and its predictive value for vascular events (VEs) are unknown.

Purpose

To investigate the relationship between irregular carotid plaque surface and plaque compositional features and its predictive values for future VEs utilizing magnetic resonance (MR) vessel wall imaging.

Study Type

Prospective study.

Population

In total, 140 patients with cerebrovascular symptoms were recruited.

Field Strength/Sequence

3T, black blood T1‐weighted, black blood T2‐weighted, 3D time‐of‐flight, magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MP‐RAGE), and 3D motion sensitized driven equilibrium rapid gradient echo (MERGE).

Assessment

The carotid artery stenosis and maximum wall thickness (Max WT) were measured. The presence/absence of irregular carotid plaque surface, calcification, lipid‐rich necrotic core (LRNC), intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), and fibrous cap rupture was determined. After baseline examination, all patients were followed‐up for at least 1 year to record the VEs.

Statistical Tests

Independent t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, Chi‐square, logistic regression, and Cox regression were used.

Results

In total, 82 (58.6%) had irregular plaque surfaces. The carotid Max WT, stenosis, and the presence of surface calcification, LRNC and IPH were significantly associated with irregular plaque surface (all P < 0.05). After adjusted for baseline confounding factors, these associations remained statistically significant (all P < 0.05). During the median follow‐up time of 12.1 months, 37 (26.4%) patients had VEs. Univariable Cox regression analysis showed that the irregular carotid plaque surface was significantly associated with subsequent VEs (hazard ratio [HR], 11.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.65–45.85; P = 0.001). After adjusted for baseline and follow‐up confounding factors, this association remained statistically significant (HR, 13.03; 95% CI, 1.71–99.42, P = 0.013). After further adjusted for intracranial stenosis, this association also remained statistically significant (HR, 12.57; 95% CI, 1.63–96.83, P = 0.015).

Data Conclusion

The morphology of carotid atherosclerotic plaque surface determined by MR vessel wall imaging, particularly irregular plaque surface, is an independent predictor for subsequent vascular events.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy Stage: 5

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:185–194.
Determination of 14 heterocyclic aromatic amines in meat products using solid‐phase extraction and supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Wu Wen‐jie , Zhou Wei‐e , Ren Zhi‐qin , Feng Xue‐song , Zhang Feng
Published: January 2020

A novel, simple, and sensitive method has been developed for simultaneous determination of 14 heterocyclic aromatic amines in meat product using solid‐phase extraction combined with ultrahigh‐performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. The analytes could be separated within 7 min and identified using their retention times and mass. The developed method was validated based on the linearity, limits of quantification, precision, and accuracy. The recovery ranged from 52.3 to 97.5% with an acceptable standard deviation, which is not higher than 6%. The limits of quantitation ranged from 0.03 to 0.17 µg/kg. The selectivity and sensitivity were satisfactory in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The method was applied to commercial meat products, and the results demonstrated that the novel method has potential for the analysis of the targets in food matrices. This is the first work reporting the simultaneous quantification of 14 heterocyclic aromatic amines by means of ultrahigh‐performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry.
Resorcinol–formaldehyde aerogel coating for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction of estrogens
Authors: Jiang Qiong , Xu Peng , Sun Min
Published: January 2020

Resorcinol–formaldehyde aerogel coating was in situ prepared on the surface of basalt fibers. The aerogel coating is uniformly modified onto basalt fibers, and it is very porous according to the characterization by using scanning electron microscopy. An extraction tube was prepared for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction by placing the aerogel‐coated basalt fibers into a polyetheretherketone tube. To evaluate the extraction performance toward five estrogenic compounds, the tube was connected with high performance liquid chromatography, the important extraction and desorption conditions were investigated. An online analytical method for detection of estrogens was developed and presented low limits of detection (0.005–0.030 µg/L), wide linear ranges (0.017–20, 0.033–20, and 0.099–20 µg/L), good linearity (r > 0.9990), and satisfactory repeatability (relative standard deviation < 2.7%). The method was successfully applied to detect trace estrogens in real water samples (bottled pure water and bottled mineral water), satisfactory recoveries were ranged from 80 to 125% with two spiking levels of 2 and 6 µg/L.
Early Diagnosis and Differences in Progression of Fetal Encephalocele
Authors: Ong Alston G. J. , Rolnik Daniel L. , Menezes Melody , Meagher Simon
Published: January 2020

In this case series, we present 3 cases of very early prenatal diagnosis of encephalocele that, despite similar appearances at diagnosis, had different disease progressions. Two of the cases were carried to term, whereas 1 resulted in a termination of pregnancy. The diagnoses were made via ultrasound examinations before cell‐free DNA testing for chromosomal abnormality screening at 10 weeks’ gestation, thereby highlighting the importance of performing a routine ultrasound examination before cell‐free DNA testing antenatally.
Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Calcifying Aponeurotic Fibromas
Authors: Kang Ji Hee , Lee Kyoungbun , Yoo Hye Jin , Chae Hee Dong , Hong Sung Hwan , Choi Ja‐Young
Published: January 2020

Objectives

To report characteristic imaging findings of calcifying aponeurotic fibromas (CAFs) on ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

Eight patients with CAF based on our institutional pathology database from 2000 to 2019 were consecutively included. Images were assessed as follows: with plain radiographs for the presence of soft tissue calcifications; with US for the presence of microlithiasis (a nonshadowing hyperechoic focus <3 mm) and discrete calcifications, size, location, margin, echogenicity, and relationship with surrounding structures; and with MRI for the presence of MRI microlithiasis (scattered tiny signal‐void dots), margin, signal intensity, contrast enhancement pattern, and relationship with surrounding structures.

Results

Calcifying aponeurotic fibromas occurred most commonly in the foot (n = 5), followed by the hand, ankle, and knee, respectively. Half of the lesions (n = 4) showed intralesional calcifications on plain radiographs. On US, all lesions showed microlithiasis. They involved the subcutaneous (n = 5), perifascial (n = 2), and intermuscular (n = 1) layers. Margins were circumscribed (n = 3) or irregular (n = 5), whereas the echogenicity of the underlying tumor matrix was hyperechoic (n = 4), isoechoic (n = 2), or hypoechoic (n = 2). All lesions were abutting (n = 7) or encasing (n = 1) an adjacent tendon. On MRI, all CAFs showed tiny signal‐void dots and irregular margins. Signal intensity was mostly hyperintense (n = 5) on T2‐weighted images and all hypointense on T1‐weighted images. Three lesions showed heterogeneous contrast enhancement, and 3 showed uneven marginal enhancement.

Conclusions

A CAF should be considered a differential diagnosis if a soft tissue mass abutting or encasing the tendon or fascia shows US or MRI microlithiasis.
Intraoperative Troponin Elevation in Liver Transplantation Is Independently Associated With Mortality: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Vilchez‐Monge Almudena L. , Garutti Ignacio , Jimeno Concepción , Zaballos Matilde , Jimenez Consuelo , Olmedilla Luis , Piñeiro Patricia , Duque Patricia , Salcedo Magdalena , Asencio Jose M. , Lopez‐Baena Jose A , Maruszewski Przemyslaw , Bañares Rafael , Perez‐Peña Jose M.
Published: January 2020

Intraoperative factors implicated in postoperative mortality after liver transplantation (LT) are poorly understood. Because LT is a particularly demanding procedure, we hypothesized that intraoperative myocardial injury may be frequent and independently associated with early postoperative outcomes. We aimed to determine the association between intraoperative high‐sensitivity troponin (hsTn) elevation during LT and 30‐day postoperative mortality. A total of 203 adult patients undergoing LT were prospectively included in the cohort and followed during 1 year. Advanced hemodynamic parameters and serial high‐sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) measurements were assessed at 6 intraoperative time points. The optimal hsTnT cutoff level for intraoperative troponin elevation (ITE) was identified. Patients were classified into 2 groups according to the presence of ITE. Independent impact of ITE on survival was assessed through survival curves and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Intraoperative cardiac function was compared between groups. Troponin levels increased early during surgery in the ITE group. Troponin values at abdominal closure were associated with 30‐day mortality (area under the receiver operating caracteristic curve, [AUROC], 0.73; P = 0.005). Patients with ITE showing values of hsTnT ≥61 ng/L at abdominal closure presented higher 30‐day mortality (29.6% versus 3.4%; P < 0.001). ITE was independently associated with 30‐day mortality (hazard ratio, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1‐13.8; P = 0.04) and with worse overall intraoperative cardiac function. The hsTnT upper reference limit showed no discriminant capacity during LT. Intraoperative myocardial injury identified by hsTn elevation is frequently observed during LT, and it is associated with myocardial dysfunction and short‐term mortality. Determinations of hsTn may serve as a valuable intraoperative monitoring tool during LT.
The impact of heavy nurse workload and patient/family complaints on workplace violence: An application of human factors framework
Authors: Havaei Farinaz , MacPhee Maura
Published: January 2020

Aim

To examine the relationships between workload factors at different systems levels (unit level, job level and task level), patients/family complaints and nurse reports of patient violence towards them using a human factors framework.

Design

This is a secondary analysis of cross‐sectional data.

Methods

Data from 528 nurses working in medical–surgical settings in British Columbia, Canada, were analysed. At the unit‐level workload factors included patient‐RN ratios, patient acuity and dependency; at the job‐level perceptions of heavy workload, undone nursing tasks and compromised professional standards due to workload; and at the task‐level interruptions to workflow.

Results

Workload factors at multiple levels were directly related to workplace violence. Nurses' increased reports of compromised standards (job level) and interruptions (task level) were related to increased reports of physical and emotional violence, and higher patient acuity (unit level) was related to increased reports of emotional violence. Patient/family complaints mediated the relationship between almost all the workload factors and workplace violence.
Market effectively to adult learners by understanding generational differences
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: January 2020

As people stay in the workforce longer, we'll see greater age diversity in our prospective student population. It seems so recent that our colleagues who enroll traditional‐age freshmen were talking about millennials: Who are they, what do they want, and where do we reach them? In actuality, the earliest‐born millennials could feasibly be grandparents by now.
Preparation and properties of fluorinated silicon two‐component polyurethane hydrophobic coatings
Authors: Hu Linqing , Pu Zejun , Tian Yuhan , Zheng Xiaoyi , Cheng Jie , Zhong Jiachun
Published: January 2020

A polyurethane (PU) hydrophobic coating was prepared by the two‐component method, polycarbonate diol and isophorone diisocyanate becoming a two‐phase composition. The PU films with hydrophobic surface were prepared by establishing a rough structure on the surface of silica (SiO2) modified with silane coupling agents (γ‐(2,3‐epoxypropoxy)propytrimethoxysilane (KH560) and (heptadecafluoro‐1,1,2,2‐tetradecyl)trimethoxysilane (FAS)). First, the surface of SiO2was covered by a layer of hydrophobic methyl and fluorocarbon (C–F) groups. Then, the SiO2and modified SiO2were obtained by the introduction of KH560 and FAS with the silanol reaction by ultrasonic stirring. The effect of SiO2and modified SiO2on the structure and hydrophobic properties of PU was investigated by a series of test instruments. The results showed that the introduction of SiO2and modified SiO2was beneficial for increasing the roughness of the PU coating surface; the roughness of FAS/SiO2‐PU could reach up to 14.790 nm, four times better than pure PU. A hydrophobic modified PU coating with water contact angle 123° was fabricated by using the hydrophobic C–F group FAS as a low surface energy material and establishing a micro rough structure on the surface of PU. Moreover, PU modified with KH560 and FAS can reduce the glass transition temperature (Tg) of soft segments, resulting in improvement of micro‐phase separation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecular characterization and functional expression of voltage‐gated sodium channel variants in Apolygus lucorum (Meyer‐Dür)
Authors: Zhang Kun , Chen Mengli , Wang Hao , Duan Wenbo , Wang Qiang , Li Fen , Deng Denghui , Bandason Elizabeth , Wu Shaoying
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

Apolygus lucorum (Meyer‐Dür) is a serious worldwide agricultural pest, especially for Bt cotton in China. Pyrethroids, neonicotinoids and organophosphates are the most effective insecticides to control piercing and sucking insects, including A. lucorum. The voltage‐gated sodium channel (Nav) is major target site of pyrethroids. Extensive alternative splicing and RNA editing, two major post‐transcriptional mechanisms, contribute to generate different functional sodium channel variants. In our research, we characterized the sodium channel variants of A. lucorum.

RESULTS

In this study, we isolated numerous sodium channel variants that cover the entire coding region of the VGSC gene from A. lucorum. All clones could be grouped into 47 splice types based on the presence of nine alternative exons (exons j, n, o, a, p, b, s, q and t). Exons j, b and t were located independently, while exons n, o, a and p were located adjacently, as were exons s and q. We also found 35 nucleotide changes in different positions in individual variants, of which 18 nucleotide changes were A‐to‐I RNA editing, 11 nucleotide changes were likely due to U‐to‐C or C‐to‐U editing, and the others were likely natural sequence polymorphisms in the population. Furthermore, we expressed all of the variants in Xenopus oocytes. Eighteen of them were expressed in oocytes and sensitive to tetrodotoxin.

CONCLUSION

Our results provide a functional basis for understanding how A. lucorum sodium channel variants work in regulating channel expression, pharmacology and gating properties for agricultural insects.

Apolygus lucorum is widely distributed in cotton production. Our results suggest how AlNav (the sodium channel of A.lucorum) variants work in regulating channel expression, pharmacology and sodium channel gating for agricultural insects in the future. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficient Metal‐Free Process: A Facile Synthesis of Biologically Versatile Harmol‐Linked Benzothiazoline Hybrids
Authors: Qadir Anmbiya , Waseem Malik A. , Khuroo Mohammad A.
Published: January 2020

Highly efficient and eco‐pure methodology has been disclosed for the synthesis of biologically versatile harmol linked benzothiazoline hybrid molecules. The reactions were carried out using (5 mmol) of harmol adduct and (5 mmol) of 2‐aminothiophenol added in 10 ml of PEGs under sonication at 35 °C to obtain harmol linked benzothiazoline confirmed by spectral analysis. A library of hybrid molecules has been synthesized using variable 2‐aminothiophenols and 2‐bromoacetophenones. The reactions were completed in petite reaction time and the products were obtained in moderate to good yields. The reaction medium could be recycled and reused for more than five times without loss of its proficiency added the protocol a wide scope.
Sulfonic Acid Anchored Heterogeneous Acid‐Catalyst DICAT‐3 for Conversion of Xylose into Furfural in Biphasic Solvent System
Authors: Pawar Hitesh S.
Published: January 2020

Furfural is most exigent biomass‐derived furanic molecule used for the production of renewable chemicals, fuels and polymers. In the present study, a series of sulfonic acid anchored heterogeneous catalysts (DICAT‐3) were synthesized for cyclodehydration of xylose into furfural in a biphasic solvent. The profound effect of catalyst backbone, solvent and reaction conditions were witnessed. Xylose dehydration in the presence of DICAT‐3 in the toluene/water biphasic solvent system provides high yield and conversion. The use of the biphasic solvent system in presence of DICAT‐3 offers ease of product and catalyst separation, respectively. Furthermore, the process intensification study was performed for the influence of reaction parameters on furfural yield and xylose conversion. Under optimized reaction conditions DICAT‐3 gave > 88% furfural yield with >99% of xylose conversion at 120 °C in toluene/water. The structural and surface morphological features of DICAT‐3 were investigated by FTIR, SEM/EDX, XRF and TGA analysis. The DICAT‐3 was tested for five consecutive recycle runs and it shows the consistent performance for xylose conversion and furfural yield without loss of catalytic activity. The exploration of DICAT‐3 offers specific advantages such as robust and recyclable catalysts, ease of product separation and non‐stringent reaction conditions with high yield. Thus, the reported process provides a platform for the development of a sustainable and economically viable process.
Piroxicam‐Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Nanocarriers Modified with Salicylic Acid: The Effect on Drug Release
Authors: Otarola Jessica J. , Cobo Solís Airam K. , Mariano Correa N. , Molina Patricia G.
Published: January 2020

Piroxicam‐loaded nanostructured lipid carriers modified with salicylic acid (SA) were developed. The modified system showed similar properties to the previously studied lipid carriers without the acid incorporation but it presents more dynamic characteristics. SA favored the interaction between nanoparticles which was reflected in a size increase in a shorter time. As well, there was a close relationship between the size increase and the drug release performance. Square wave voltammetry was selected as an alternative technique to study the drug release. In vitro studies showed that the nanocarrier system modification caused a piroxicam (PX) fast release, reducing the analysis times. Also, it was observed an increase on the drug release percentage, obtaining values of up to 93 %. Thus, the modified system is able to control and improve the PX release. These results bring out the carrier system versatility, modifying the lipid matrix it is possible to modulate the drug release parameters.
Challenges of gamification in software process improvement
Authors: Alhammad Manal M. , Moreno Ana M.
Published: January 2020

Software process improvement (SPI) initiatives have contributed for a long time to the progress of software development. However, the outcome of such initiatives has not always been as effective as expected. The literature of SPI points out that motivation of practitioners involved in SPI initiatives is a critical factor for its success. On the other hand, gamification has been perceived as motivational and has the potential to improve people's engagement. Thus, researchers have been recently investigating the impact of gamification in increasing the motivation and commitment of the organization members involved in SPI. Despite the novelty of the field, we see the integration of gamification and SPI as an opportunity of study and research. The aim of this paper is to investigate and report the state of the practice in this field, identifying key challenges faced by organizations wishing to incorporate gamification into their SPI initiatives. One of the main challenges identified is related to the complexity of gamifying SPI because it involves different organizational roles and aspects that may require designing different gamification strategies. Another relevant issue is the need of more empirical data to provide sound evidence about the real impact of gamification on improving SPI initiatives.