bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can Shoulder Impairments Be Classified From 3-Dimensional Kinematics Using Inertial Sensors?
Authors: Mazuquin Bruno , Gill Karl Peter , Monga Puneet , Selfe James , Richards Jim
Published: June 2023

Inertial sensors may help clinicians to assess patients’ movement and potentially support clinical decision making. Our aim was to determine whether shoulder range of motion during movement tasks measured using inertial sensors is capable of accurately discriminating between patients with different shoulder problems. Inertial sensors were used to measure 3-dimensional shoulder motion during 6 tasks of 37 patients on the waiting list for shoulder surgery. Discriminant function analysis was used to identify whether the range of motion of different tasks could classify patients with different shoulder problems. The discriminant function analysis could correctly classify 91.9% of patients into one of the 3 diagnostic groups based. The tasks that associated a patient with a particular diagnostic group were the following: subacromial decompression: abduction, rotator cuff repair of tears ≤5 cm: flexion and rotator cuff repair of tears >5 cm: combing hair, abduction, and horizontal abduction–adduction. The discriminant function analysis showed that range of motion measured by inertial sensors can correctly classify patients and could be used as a screening tool to support surgery planning.
Physical Exercise and Performance in Esports Players: An Initial Systematic Review
Authors: McNulty Craig , Jenny Seth E. , Leis Oliver , Poulus Dylan , Sondergeld Peter , Nicholson Mitchell
Published: June 2023

Background: Participation in esports (excluding active video games) has raised concerns due to its sedentary nature and the potential negative effects this may have on player health. As well, research suggests that physical activity (PA)/exercise improves specific cognitive skills that have been identified as positive contributors to esports performance. The aim of this systematic review was to assess whether evidence supports that PA/exercise positively impacts esports player performance. Methods: The systematic literature search comprised PubMed, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science up until March 31, 2022. An additional search included reference list searching, citation searching, and hand searching. Results: Emerging evidence suggests that PA/exercise as an intervention may have a positive effect on esports performance. While it appears that the majority of esports players believe PA/exercise to be beneficial to esports performance, only a minority currently undertake PA/exercise for the purpose of improving esports performance. Conclusion: Although further controlled experimental research is necessary, results highlight that PA/exercise may positively correlate with esports performance. These effects are consistent with the majority of player perceptions that PA/exercise is beneficial to esports performance. Qualified fitness and health professionals should be utilized to implement training to enhance esports performance, improve health, and extend player career length.
Microbial Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Cycling in Deep Sediment of the Mariana Trench
Authors: Cheng Haojin , Zhang Yunhui , Guo Zihua , He Xinxin , Liu Ronghua , Zhu Xiao-Yu , Li Jiake , Liu Jiwen , Zhang Xiao-Hua
Published: June 2023

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is an abundant organosulfur molecule in the ocean and is the precursor for the climate-active volatile gas dimethyl sulfide. Previous studies focused mainly on bacterial DMSP cycling in seawater, coastal sediment, and surface trench sediment samples, but DMSP metabolism in the Mariana Trench (MT) subseafloor sediments remains unknown.
Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Intense Host-Pathogen Dispute Compromising Homeostasis during Acute Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection
Authors: Bermúdez-Méndez Erick , Angelino Paolo , van Keulen Lucien , van de Water Sandra , Rockx Barry , Pijlman Gorben P. , Ciuffi Angela , Kortekaas Jeroen , Wichgers Schreur Paul J.
Published: June 2023

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-transmitted pathogen capable of causing severe disease in animals and humans. Outbreaks of RVFV pose a significant threat to public health and can result in substantial economic losses.
Landscape of New Nuclease-Containing Antiphage Systems in Escherichia coli and the Counterdefense Roles of Bacteriophage T4 Genome Modifications
Authors: Wang Shuangshuang , Sun Erchao , Liu Yuepeng , Yin Baoqi , Zhang Xueqi , Li Mengling , Huang Qi , Tan Chen , Qian Ping , Rao Venigalla B. , Tao Pan
Published: June 2023

Cleavage of foreign DNA is a well-known mechanism used by bacteria to protect themselves from phage infections. Two well-known bacterial defense systems, R-M and CRISPR-Cas, both contain nucleases that cleave the phage genomes through specific mechanisms.
Effect of
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
on Tuberculosis
Authors: Li Yue , Zhao Ailan , Yu Qin , Yu Nan , Cui Yao , Ma Xiaohan , Liu Haican , Wang Ruibai
Published: June 2023

China is a high-burden country for tuberculosis (TB), multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB), and HIV-associated TB. Increasing the positive rate of culture and the accuracy of antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) are important for diagnosis, treatment, and control of TB.
Along-strike seismotectonic segmentation reflecting megathrust seismogenic behavior
Authors: Kosari Ehsan , Rosenau Matthias , Metzger Sabrina , Oncken Onno
Published: June 2023

Understanding the along-strike seismogenic behavior of megathrusts is crucial to anticipating seismic hazards in subduction zones. However, if and how spatiotemporal frictional heterogeneity (high and low kinematic coupling) at depth feeds back into the upper-plate deformation pattern and how the upper-plate elastic signals and permanent records may correlate have yet to be fully understood. Hence, we mimic subduction megathrust seismic cycles using an analog seismotectonic model of an elastoplastic wedge overlying a frictionally heterogeneous megathrust. Coseismically, the zone above the down-dip limit of the aseismic and seismogenic patches undergoes extension and contraction, respectively, while the strain state shows a switch in polarity from coseismic to interseismic. The down-dip limit of the creeping zone produces permanent along-strike extension or contraction, depending on the frictional barrier strength. Our experiments show that the frictional locking heterogeneity generates more segmented along-strike strain patterns elastically (short term) than permanently (long term). Moreover, our results suggest that along-strike upper-plate strain patterns could serve as a proxy for interpreting persistent lateral variations of seismogenic behavior in subduction megathrusts.
Supplemental Material: Sr-Nd-Ca isotopic variations of Cenozoic calc-alkaline and alkaline volcanic rocks above a slab tear in Western Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Deng Hao , al. et
Published: June 2023

 Supplemental Text S1: Corresponding detailed descriptions of the analytical methods. Figure S1: (a) SiO2 versus Na2O + K2O classification diagram from Middlemost (1994); (b) Zr/TiO2 versus Nb/Y classification from Winchester and Floyd (1977); (c) SiO2 versus K2O diagram. Figure S2: Variation diagrams of δ44/40Ca values versus LOI contents. Figure S3: Variation diagrams of CaO, Al2O3 and Eu/Eu* versus SiO2 for the Gördes dacites. Figure S4: Variation diagrams of SiO2, Nb/Nb* and La/Smcn versus 87Sr/86Sri for the Gördes dacites. Figure S5: Variation diagrams of MgO, TFe2O3, CaO and CaO/Al2O3 versus SiO2 for the Kula basalts. Figure S6: Variation diagrams of SiO2, La/Smcn, Nb/Nb* versus ɛNd (t) and 1/Sr versus (87Sr/86Sr)i for the Kula basalts. Figure S7: Variation diagrams of La/Sm versus Sm/Yb. Figure S8: Selected cathodoluminescence images and U-Pb concordia diagrams of analyzed zircons of dacites. Table S1: SHRIMP U-Pb data for zircons from Gördes dacites. Table S2: Major and trace elemental compositions of dacites and basalts. Table S3: Measured and recommended trace element concentrations (ppm) for AGV-2, BHVO-2, BCR-2 and RGM2. Table S4: Whole rock Sr-Nd compositions and calculations of basalts and dacites. Table S5: (a) Modeling calculation of Ca isotope fractionation during partial melting of spinel peridotite, (b) modeling calculation of Ca isotope fractionation during partial melting of garnet peridotite, and (c) modeling calcium isotope fractionation during partial melting of garnet pyroxenite. 
Rationalisation of laboratory tests ordering and consumption at Armed Forces Hospital, Jazan
Authors: Aldiba Manal Ahmed , Jamali Essa Mohammad , Dighriri Ahmed , Abdulhaq Ahmed Mohammad , Ali Yara Rabia , Otaif Ali Mohammad , Safhi Bader Yahya , Al-Fageeh Ali , Al-Sharif Ahmed
Published: June 2023

Laboratory testing is one of the major and important component of medical diagnosis. However, unrationalised laboratory test ordering may lead to misdiagnosis of diseases which would delay treatment of the patients. It would also lead to wasting the laboratory resources that adversely impact the hospital budget. The aim of this project was to rationalise laboratory tests ordering and ensure effective utilisation of resources at Armed Forces Hospital Jizan (AFHJ). This study included two major steps: (1) the development and implementation of quality improvement interventions to reduce the unnecessary and abuse of laboratory testing in the AFHJ and (2) evaluation of the effectiveness of these interventions. In order to determine the possible causes of the problem, fishbone diagram was used to structure a brainstorming session. Pareto analysis was used to prioritise the causes so that the emphasis can be laid on most significant one. After interventions implementation, the data analysed and found that there was significant differences between 2019 and 2021 of total patients percentage and distribution that was revealed by box plot, who had a request of Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (p=0.002), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) (p=0.002), Free Thyroine (FT4) (p=0.002), Free Triiodothyronine (FT3) (p=0.001), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) (p=0.002), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) (p=0.002) and Prolactin (PRL) (p=0.001). We achieved a 33% reduction in total laboratory tests cost and the total laboratory budget decreased from 6 000 000 SR in 2019 to about 4 000 000 Saudi Riyals (SR) in 2021. A change in laboratory resource consumption requires changes in physicians awareness. A modification of the electronic ordering system applied more restrictions to the ordering physicians. Extending these measures to the entire hospital might lead to significant reduction in the healthcare costs.
Congenital mirror movements are associated with defective polymerisation of RAD51
Authors: Trouillard Oriane , Dupaigne Pauline , Dunoyer Margaux , Doulazmi Mohamed , Herlin Morten Krogh , Frismand Solène , Riou Audrey , Legros Véronique , Chevreux Guillaume , Veaute Xavier , Busso Didier , Fouquet Coralie , Saint-Martin Cécile , Méneret Aurélie , Trembleau Alain , Dusart Isabelle , Dubacq Caroline , Roze Emmanuel
Published: June 2023

Background

Mirror movements are involuntary movements of one hand that mirror intentional movements of the other hand. Congenital mirror movements (CMM) is a rare genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance, in which mirror movements are the main neurological manifestation. CMM is associated with an abnormal decussation of the corticospinal tract, a major motor tract for voluntary movements. RAD51 is known to play a key role in homologous recombination with a critical function in DNA repair. WhileRAD51haploinsufficiency was first proposed to explain CMM, other mechanisms could be involved.

Methods

We performed Sanger sequencing ofRAD51in five newly identified CMM families to identify new pathogenic variants. We further investigated the expression of wild-type and mutant RAD51 in the patients’ lymphoblasts at mRNA and protein levels. We then characterised the functions of RAD51 altered by non-truncating variants using biochemical approaches.

Results

The level of wild-type RAD51 protein was lower in the cells of all patients with CMM compared with their non-carrier relatives. The reduction was less pronounced in asymptomatic carriers.In vitro, mutant RAD51 proteins showed loss-of-function for polymerisation, DNA binding and strand exchange activity.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates thatRAD51haploinsufficiency, including loss-of-function of non-truncating variants, results in CMM. The incomplete penetrance likely results from post-transcriptional compensation. Changes in RAD51 levels and/or polymerisation properties could influence guidance of the corticospinal axons during development. Our findings open up new perspectives to understand the role of RAD51 in neurodevelopment.
Residual life prediction of aluminum alloy plates under cyclic loading using an integrated prognosis method
Authors: Baral Talaz , Saraygord Afshari Sajad , Liang Xihui
Published: June 2023

Structures under cyclical loading are prone to fatigue-induced cracks. These cracks reduce structures’ residual life and increase their risk of failure. Historically, engineers have used degradation models like Paris’ law to estimate crack length when planning repair and maintenance on such structures. In this study, we developed a method to estimate Paris’ law parameters that are useful for predicting the fatigue life of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy plates under cyclic loading. A new optimization model is developed to estimate Paris’ law parameters’ mean and standard deviation. The research also considers the case in which the magnitude of the applied load is unavailable. Using Bayesian updating, the optimized parameters are further updated based on condition monitoring data to increase crack length estimation accuracy. The proposed method is validated with the help of Virkler crack propagation data for an aluminum alloy plate. According to the validation results, the average error in structure’s lifetime prediction based on crack length is 1.5% when the crack reaches 71% of the failure threshold.
Analysis of nonlinear radiative peristaltic transport of hyperbolic tangent nanomaterial with chemical reaction
Authors: Nisar Z. , Hayat T. , Ahmed B. , Alsaedi A.
Published: June 2023

In this research, we examine the mixed convection effects for peristaltic motion of tangent hyperbolic nanoliquid. On flexible channel walls, partial slip characteristics are applied. Influences of Ohmic heating and viscous dissipation are analyzed in the modeling. We evaluated the transportation of heat under nonlinear thermal radiation. The governing problem is first reduced into dimensionless form by using suitable transformations and then numerical technique is employed for the solution after utilizing small Reynolds number and large wavelength assumption. The problem is simulated employing the so-called Buongiorno’s formulation which includes the features of thermophoresis and random motion. In addition, a mass transport scheme is developed with first-order chemical reactions. The roles of sundry variables on velocity, coefficient of heat transfer, temperature and concentration are examined graphically. Velocity and temperature show similar behavior against thermal Grashof parameter. Concentration decreases for larger thermophoresis parameter. Heat transfer coefficient and temperature have decreasing effects against radiation parameter.
Loop quantum gravity and quasinormal mode of Kerr–Newman black hole
Authors: Li Zhaoxi , Li Yushan , Jiang Jijian
Published: June 2023

Taking the advantages of loop quantum gravity (LQG), the quasinormal mode frequency spectrum of black holes is studied with the first law of thermodynamics of black holes by calculating the tunneling rate. With the minimum event horizon area interval given by LQG, our results show that one group of the quasinormal mode spectrum for Kerr–Newman black hole depends only on the outer horizon parameters of the black hole. Choosing the minimum spin properly, we derive the quasinormal mode completely consistent with the present results. More importantly, our results show that the quasinormal modes of black holes should have a series of separated frequency spectra, which further proves that the space-time of black holes is quantized.
A tale of two moraines and the discovery of Ice Ages
Authors: Hestmark Geir
Published: June 2023

The discovery of Ice Ages is one of the most revolutionary advances ever made in the Earth sciences. In Norway this discovery was made by Danish–Norwegian geoscientist Jens Esmark and his young student Niels Otto Tank, who on a mountain traverse in early September 1823 observed a number of geomorphological features produced by an extant glacier, and compared these to similar features they had previously noted where glaciers today are absent. Seeing a recent moraine pushed up by an extant glacier they suddenly realized that a big ridge of gravel they had earlier seen at sea-level in Southern Norway had to be an ancient moraine, deposited by a big glacier at a time when the climate was substantially colder than today. The brevity of Esmark's account made the precise location of the site of enlightenment remain a mystery for almost two hundred years until it was rediscovered by the author in 2008. This paper describes the crucial site and its lessons.
Eggly
Authors: Lyu Yue , An Pengcheng , Xiao Yage , Zhang Zibo , Zhang Huan , Katsuragawa Keiko , Zhao Jian
Published: June 2023

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects how children communicate and relate to other people and the world around them. Emerging studies have shown that neurofeedback training (NFT) games are an effective and playful intervention to enhance social and attentional capabilities for autistic children. However, NFT is primarily available in a clinical setting that is hard to scale. Also, the intervention demands deliberately-designed gamified feedback with fun and enjoyment, where little knowledge has been acquired in the HCI community. Through a ten-month iterative design process with four domain experts, we developed Eggly, a mobile NFT game based on a consumer-grade EEG headband and a tablet. Eggly uses novel augmented reality (AR) techniques to offer engagement and personalization, enhancing their training experience. We conducted two field studies (a single-session study and a three-week multi-session study) with a total of five autistic children to assess Eggly in practice at a special education center. Both quantitative and qualitative results indicate the effectiveness of the approach as well as contribute to the design knowledge of creating mobile AR NFT games.
SeRaNDiP
Authors: Kalupahana Ayanga Imesha Kumari , Balaji Ananta Narayanan , Xiao Xiaokui , Peh Li-Shiuan
Published: June 2023

Personal data collected from today's wearable sensors contain a rich amount of information that can reveal a user's identity. Differential privacy (DP) is a well-known technique for protecting the privacy of the sensor data being sent to community sensing applications while preserving its statistical properties. However, differential privacy algorithms are computationally expensive, requiring user-level random noise generation which incurs high overheads on wearables with constrained hardware resources. In this paper, we propose SeRaNDiP -- which utilizes the inherent random noise existing in wearable sensors for distributed differential privacy. We show how various hardware configuration parameters available in wearable sensors can enable different amounts of inherent sensor noise and ensure distributed differential privacy guarantee for various community sensing applications with varying sizes of populations. Our evaluations of SeRaNDiP on five wearable sensors that are widely used in today's commercial wearables -- MPU-9250 accelerometer, ADXL345 accelerometer, BMP 388 barometer, MLP 3115A2 barometer, and MLX90632 body temperature sensor show a 1.4X-1.8X computation/communication speedup and 1.2X-1.5X energy savings against state-of-the-art DP implementation. To the best of our knowledge, SeRaNDiP is the first framework to leverage the inherent random sensor noise for differential privacy preservation in community sensing without any hardware modification.
SpaceX Mag
Authors: Islam Md Touhidul , Billah Syed Masum
Published: June 2023

Low-vision users interact with smartphones via screen magnifiers, which uniformly magnify raw screen pixels, including whitespace and user interface (UI) elements. Screen magnifiers thus occlude important contextual information, such as visual cues, from the user's viewport. This requires low-vision users to pan over the occluded portions and mentally reconstruct the context, which is cumbersome, tiring, and mentally demanding. Prior work aimed to address these usability issues with screen magnifiers by optimizing the representation of UI elements suitable for low-vision users or by magnifying whitespace and non-whitespace content (e.g., text, graphics, borders) differently. This paper combines both techniques and presents SpaceXMag, an optimization framework that automatically reduces whitespace within a smartphone app, thereby packing more information within the current magnification viewport. A study with 11 low-vision users indicates that, with a traditional screen magnifier, the space-optimized UI is more usable and saves at least 28.13% time for overview tasks and 42.89% time for target acquisition tasks, compared to the original, unoptimized UI of the same app. Furthermore, our framework is scalable, fast, and automatable. For example, on a public dataset containing 16, 566 screenshots of different Android apps, it saves approximately 47.17% of the space (area) on average, with a mean runtime of around 1.44 seconds, without requiring any human input. All are indicative of the promise and potential of SpaceXMag for low-vision screen magnifier users.
Towards Efficient Emotion Self-report Collection Using Human-AI Collaboration
Authors: Prajwal M. , Raj Ayush , Sen Sougata , Saha Snehanshu , Ghosh Surjya
Published: June 2023

Emotion-aware services are increasingly used in different applications such as gaming, mental health tracking, video conferencing, and online tutoring. The core of such services is usually a machine learning model that automatically infers its user's emotions based on different biological indicators (e.g., physiological signals and facial expressions). However, such machine learning models often require a large number of emotion annotations or ground truth labels, which are typically collected as manual self-reports by conducting long-term user studies, commonly known as Experience Sampling Method (ESM). Responding to repetitive ESM probes for self-reports is time-consuming and fatigue-inducing. The burden of repetitive self-report collection leads to users responding arbitrarily or dropping out from the studies, compromising the model performance. To counter this issue, we, in this paper, propose a Human-AI Collaborative Emotion self-report collection framework, HACE, that reduces the self-report collection effort significantly. HACE encompasses an active learner, bootstrapped with a few emotion self-reports (as seed samples), and enables the learner to query for only not-so-confident instances to retrain the learner to predict the emotion self-reports more efficiently. We evaluated the framework in a smartphone keyboard-based emotion self-report collection scenario by performing a 3-week in-the-wild study (N = 32). The evaluation of HACE on this dataset (≈11,000 typing sessions corresponding to more than 200 hours of typing data) demonstrates that it requires 46% fewer self-reports than the baselines to train the emotion self-report detection model and yet outperforms the baselines with an average self-report detection F-score of 85%. These findings demonstrate the possibility of adopting such a human-AI collaborative approach to reduce emotion self-report collection efforts.
Real-Time USB Networking and Device I/O
Authors: West Richard , Golchin Ahmad , Njavro Anton
Published: June 2023

Multicore PC-class embedded systems present an opportunity to consolidate separate microcontrollers as software-defined functions. For instance, an automotive system with more than 100 electronic control units (ECUs) could be replaced with one or, at most, several multicore PCs running software tasks for chassis, body, powertrain, infotainment, and advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) services. However, a key challenge is how to handle real-time device input and output (I/O) and host-level networking as part of sensor data processing and control. A traditional microcontroller would commonly feature one or more Controller Area Network (CAN) buses for real-time I/O. CAN buses are usually absent in PCs, which instead feature higher bandwidth Universal Serial Bus (USB) interfaces. This article shows how to achieve real-time device I/O and host-to-host communication over USB, using suitably written device drivers and a time-aware POSIX-like “tuned pipe” abstraction. This allows developers to establish task pipelines spanning one or more hosts, with end-to-end latency and throughput guarantees for sensor data processing, control, and actuation.
The Hunting-style Deployment of Underwater Sensor Networks
Authors: Xia Na , Wang Yin , Wu Qiong , Yuan Chenguang , Wen Xinyi , Wu Yue , Lang Longya
Published: June 2023

Underwater pollution incidents occur frequently, and obtaining accurate information about their exact location and real-time situation is helpful for promptly formulating plans to contain and mitigate the situation. Autonomously adjusting the position of sensors for optimal coverage and monitoring of regions of interest (e.g., oil spill zones, chemical contamination areas) in real time is a significant challenge. To this end, this article proposes a hunting-style underwater sensor deployment based on the level set method. This method uses a gateway-like role to calculate the boundary and other parameters of the interest region based on an energy function used for positioning sensors. Subsequently, the sensors use these parameters as the basis to complete their migration toward the boundary of the interest region. This sensor migration can gradually evolve into a hunting deployment for the interest region. This article also proposes two novel performance evaluation metrics–structural similarity and network energy balance–to evaluate the comprehensive performance of the proposed hunting-style deployment of underwater sensors. Extensive simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Fairness in Recommender Systems: Evaluation Approaches and Assurance Strategies
Authors: Wu Yao , Cao Jian , Xu Guandong
Published: June 2023

With the wide application of recommender systems, the potential impacts of recommender systems on customers, item providers and other parties have attracted increasing attention. Fairness, which is the quality of treating people equally, is also becoming important in recommender system evaluation and algorithm design. Therefore, in the past years, there has been a growing interest in fairness measurement and assurance in recommender systems. Although there are several reviews on related topics, such as fairness in machine learning and debias in recommender systems, they do not present a systematic view on fairness in recommender systems, which is context aware and has a multi-sided meaning. Therefore, in this review, the concept of fairness is discussed in detail in the various contexts of recommender systems. Specifically, a comprehensive framework to classify fairness metrics is proposed from four dimensions, i.e.,Fairness for Whom,Demographic Unit,Time Frame, andQuantification Method. Then the strategies for eliminating unfairness in recommendations, fairness in different recommendation tasks and datasets are reviewed and summarized. Finally, the challenges and future work are discussed.
Digital Transformation, Governance, and Coordination in Times of Crisis: An Analysis of Australia, Denmark, and the Republic of Korea
Authors: Meyerhoff Nielsen Morten , Jordanoski Zoran
Published: June 2023

Australia, Denmark, and the Republic of Korea are front-runners in the public sector use of
Information Communication Technology (ICT)
globally, resulting in a high degree of digitisation of public services production and delivery. While a multitude of factors may account for their successes, what is the role played by their strategic approach to governance and inter-governmental cooperation? How have their approaches to governance and multi-stakeholder cooperation influenced the success of their digital transformation, boosted innovation, and enabled them to rapidly respond to the pandemic crisis?

The article's initial findings support past academic observations emphasising that the successful digital transformation of the public sector largely depends on strategic focus, a strong governance model, and a high level of intergovernmental cooperation. The analysis finds strong evidence that their existing governance and intergovernmental cooperation frameworks, in combination with their established service production and delivery ecosystems, have allowed the three countries to move towards real user-centric, integrated service production and delivery prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis also finds evidence of a relatively high level of public sector business continuity for service production and delivery in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions on mobility.
Water Needs, Water Insecurity, and Human Biology
Authors: Rosinger Asher Y.
Published: June 2023

Water links the environment, culture, and biology. An integrative approach is needed to attain a complete picture of how water affects human biology due to its inherent interdisciplinary nature. First, this review describes advances in human water needs, thirst, and hydration strategies from a biocultural perspective. Second, it provides a critical appraisal of the literatures on water insecurity (WI) experiences and coping strategies used to mitigate WI to illustrate how they intersect to affect human biology through the embodiment framework. Deviations from water needs and heightened WI can alter hydration and coping strategies, which have implications for a suite of psychological and physiological outcomes. These disruptions are embodied in cellular damage, dehydration, nutrition, stress, mental health, cognitive impairment, aging-related effects, cardiometabolic health, and kidney function. Disrupting forces such as lifestyle changes and climate change have important implications for water needs, WI, coping and hydration strategies, and the embodiment of each.
Quasars and the Intergalactic Medium at Cosmic Dawn
Authors: Fan Xiaohui , Bañados Eduardo , Simcoe Robert A.
Published: June 2023

Quasars at cosmic dawn provide powerful probes of the formation and growth of the earliest supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the Universe, their connections to galaxy and structure formation, and the evolution of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at the epoch of reionization (EoR). Hundreds of quasars have been discovered in the first billion years of cosmic history, with the quasar redshift frontier extended to z ∼ 7.6. Observations of quasars at cosmic dawn show the following:
▪The number density of luminous quasars declines exponentially at z > 5, suggesting that the earliest quasars emerge at z ∼ 10; the lack of strong evolution in their average spectral energy distribution indicates a rapid buildup of the active galactic nucleus environment.▪Billion-solar-mass black holes (BHs) already exist at z > 7.5; they must form and grow in less than 700 Myr, by a combination of massive early BH seeds with highly efficient and sustained accretion.▪The rapid quasar growth is accompanied by strong star formation and feedback activity in their host galaxies, which show diverse morphological and kinetic properties, with typical dynamical mass lower than that implied by the local BH/galaxy scaling relations.▪Hi absorption in quasar spectra probes the tail end of cosmic reionization at z ∼ 5.3–6 and indicates the EoR midpoint at 6.9 < z < 7.6, with large spatial fluctuations in IGM ionization. Observations of heavy element absorption lines suggest that the circumgalactic medium also experiences evolution in its ionization structure and metal enrichment during the EoR.
Guantánamo's Legacy
Authors: Hajjar Lisa
Published: June 2023

The military detention facility at the Guantánamo Bay naval base is the most enduring manifestation of the US “war on terror.” It is also materially and symbolically central to US torture, war crimes, and other egregious violations of law in the post-9/11 era. Since the first detainees arrived in 2002, Guantánamo has been the subject of controversy and debate, as well as a key setting for legal challenges to government policies. This article traces the legacy of the prison and the military commissions across four administrations. It demonstrates that the lack of a common understanding or shared narrative about what Guantánamo means or has meant is a product of entrenched partisanship that characterizes contemporary US politics more broadly. Guantánamo's confounding legacy reflects the lack of a national consensus about the role of laws and courts as guarantors of even the most basic rights.
Factors Affecting Variation of the Human Gut Phageome
Authors: Tobin Ciara A. , Hill Colin , Shkoporov Andrey N.
Published: June 2023

The gut microbiome is a dense and metabolically active consortium of microorganisms and viruses located in the lower gastrointestinal tract of the human body. Bacteria and their viruses (phages) are the most abundant members of the gut microbiome. Investigating their biology and the interplay between the two is important if we are to understand their roles in human health and disease. In this review, we summarize recent advances in resolving the taxonomic structure and ecological functions of the complex community of phages in the human gut—the gut phageome. We discuss how age, diet, and geography can all have a significant impact on phageome composition. We note that alterations to the gut phageome have been observed in several diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and colorectal cancer, and we evaluate whether these phageome changes can directly or indirectly contribute to disease etiology and pathogenesis. We also highlight how lack of standardization in studying the gut phageome has contributed to variation in reported results.
The Role and Use of Mathematical Programming in Agricultural, Natural Resource, and Climate Change Analysis
Authors: Fei Chengcheng J. , McCarl Bruce A.
Published: June 2023

Climate change undeniably impacts agriculture and natural resources, enterprises and markets. For informed decision making, there is a need for information on climate change adaptation possibilities and mitigation alternatives. Mathematical programming has been used to address the economic aspects of such questions and allows analysis as climate change moves the environment into previously unobserved conditions. It allows us to model spatial and dynamic features of the issue and analyze heretofore unobserved adaptation and mitigation possibilities. This review provides an overview of and references for modeling techniques, conceptual issues, and major assumptions involved with using mathematical programming as a climate change economic analyzing engine, along with a brief comparison with other methods. We also review a number of studies applying mathematical programming to examine climate change impacts, adaptation, and mitigation issues in the agricultural and natural resources arena. Finally, we present a very brief discussion on research needs.
Food Insecurity in the United States: Measurement, Economic Modeling, and Food Assistance Effectiveness
Authors: Smith Travis A. , Gregory Christian A.
Published: June 2023

We first discuss the genesis and development of the Food Security Module in the United States. We then present a conceptual model of food insecurity, drawing on consumer choice theory. The model shows how food insecurity exhibits a quality–quantity trade-off and has linkages to policy levers. Next, we present new stylized facts pertaining to food consumption for those who report food insecurity versus those who do not. Adults residing in food-insecure households consume lower-quality diets across the entire distribution of diet quality and experience more volatility in caloric intake. Males younger than 20 years in food-insecure households exhibit no differences in diet quality but consume fewer calories, while the opposite is true for younger females. We review the literature pertaining to the effects of federal food assistance programs on food insecurity. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program tends to reduce household food insecurity, while having little to no effect on nutritional quality. Federal programs pertaining to children (i.e., the school food programs and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children) tend to reduce food insecurity while also increasing the nutritional quality of children's diet.
Simulation Studies on the Design and Analysis of Interdigital and Fractal-Based Micro-Supercapacitors
Authors: Anagha P. , Gopan G. S. Sangeetha , Abraham Nelsa
Published: June 2023

Micro supercapacitors (MSC) are recently replacing traditional batteries in flexible and portable electronic devices owing to their outstanding features such as high power density and long cycle life. In-plane supercapacitors are usually built in an interdigital electrode (IDE) structure because of its fabrication simplicity and flexibility. This helps to reduce ion diffusion length and enables easy on-chip integration of the device. Recent researches show that by replacing the interdigital electrode structure with the new architecture technique of Fractal electrode design, the effective area of the electrode-electrolyte interface and capacitance can be increased. This work investigates the effect of the device architecture on the energy storage capacity of in-plane MSCs. IDE and Fractal-based electrodes are simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics and analyzed for performance using cyclic voltammetry, galvanic charge-discharge technique and electric field distribution. The results indicate that the device with fractal design has more areal capacitance than the traditional interdigital structure. The highest capacitance was achieved by the proposed Sierpinski Fractal electrode design which exhibited 85.59% more areal capacitance than the conventional IDE. This can be attributed to the significant increase in effective electrode area and the edging effect of the electric field in the sharp edges of fractal electrodes.
Copper-Doped NiCo2S4 Nanosheets Grown on Ni Foam Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Li Hao , Lu Xiaolong , Ding Huihui , Xie Wenjie
Published: June 2023

The development of economical, efficient and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with non-precious metals remains challenging. In this work, we have prepared Cu-doped NiCo2S4 nanosheets grown on nickel foam that can serve as excellent electrocatalysts for HER in alkaline solutions (Cu-NiCo2S4/NF). The good electrocatalytic properties and excellent stability of the pristine NiCo2S4 were achieved by changing its morphology through a simple Cu doping strategy. The optimum doping ratio for the Cu-NiCo2S4/NF catalyst in the HER requires an overpotential of only 155 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and can operate stably for at least 12 h. This is mainly due to the fact that the doping of copper optimizes the electronic structure of the NiCo2S4/NF surface, providing more catalytically active sites and thus facilitating the effective release of hydrogen. In addition, the electrocatalytic activity of the Cu-NiCo2S4/NF material exceeds that of most reported noble metal-free catalysts, which also provides a new strategy for the preparation of NiCo2S4-based hydrolysis catalysts.
Ion channels involved in inflammation and pain in osteoarthritis and related musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Matta Csaba , Takács Roland , Ducza László , Ebeid Rana Abdelsattar , Choi Heonsik , Mobasheri Ali
Published: June 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a currently incurable, chronic, progressive, and debilitating musculoskeletal (MSK) condition. One of its hallmark symptoms is chronic nociceptive and neuropathic pain, which significantly reduces the quality of life of patients with OA. Although research into the pathomechanisms of OA pain is ongoing and several pain pathways are well understood, the true source of OA pain remains unclear. Ion channels and transporters are key mediators of nociceptive pain. In this narrative review article, we summarize the state-of-the-art in relation to the distribution and function of ion channels in all major synovial joint tissues in the context of pain generation. We provide an update on the ion channels likely involved in mediating peripheral and central nociceptive pathways in the nervous system in OA pain, including voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels, members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family, and purinergic receptor complexes. We focus on ion channels and transporters that have the potential to be candidate drug targets for pain management in patients with OA. We propose that ion channels expressed by the cells of constituent tissues of OA-afflicted synovial joints including cartilage, bone, synovium, ligament, and muscle, should be more thoroughly investigated and targeted in the context of OA pain. Based on key findings from recent basic research articles as well as clinical trials, we propose novel directions for the development of future analgesic therapies to improve the quality of life of patients with OA.
Numerical Simulation Study on Influence of a Structural Parameter of D Bolt, an Energy-Absorbing Rock Bolt, on its Stress Distribution
Authors: Pyon Kwang Nam , Son Kyong Su , Han Un Chol
Published: June 2023

A D bolt, an energy-absorbing rock bolt, is a smooth steel bar with a number of anchors along its length. The anchors, which can be spaced evenly or unevenly along its length, are firmly fixed within a borehole using either cement grout or resin, while the smooth sections of the bolt between the anchors may freely deform in response to rock dilation. A series of numerical simulations have been conducted using the finite difference method to investigate the effects of D bolt on the displacement increase of rock mass around a roadway in comparison with normal fully encapsulated rebar. As a result, the displacement of 49 mm at the top of roadway roof in the D bolts supported model is much larger than 30.08 mm in the fully encapsulated rebar bolts supported model so that the former is capable of absorbing potential deformation energy of rock mass around a roadway to tolerate the large deformation of rock. Plans of spacing arrangement of D bolt’s anchor have a significant effect on stress redistribution of the bolt. The numerical simulation result shows that for the D bolt with its whole length of 2.4 m, the length of its exposed section of 0.1 m, and the 4 anchors with the length of 0.1 m, the maximum tensile stress of 3.25 GPa generated in the D bolt with the ratio of the spacing between anchors (RSA) of 30 : 40 : 50 : 70 is lower about 1.13–1.31 times than the other D bolts with different ratio of spacing, and the changing range of stress is also the smallest, where the ratio of 30 : 40 : 50 : 70 indicates a ratio of lengths of deformable sections which is determined by turns from the innermost section of rock mass around roadway to the outermost section of roadway space. This study demonstrates that it is reasonable to employ the RSA of D bolt which makes it bring out its energy-absorbing capability to the full.
Computer Vision-Based Intrusion Detection System for Internet of Things
Authors: Alosaimi Shema , Almutairi Saad M. , Chamato Fekadu Ashine
Published: June 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) contributes to improving and automating the quality of our lives via devices and applications that progressively become more interconnected without user intervention in many areas such as smart homes, smart cities, smart transportation, and smart environment. However, IoT devices are vulnerable to cyberattacks. We cannot prevent all attacks, but they can be detected and resolved with the least damage. Moreover, they are connected for long periods of time without user intervention. Additionally, since they remain connected for long periods of time without user intervention, creative solutions must be devised to keep them safe, such as machine learning. The reach goal is to evaluate different machine learning algorithms to detect IoT network attacks quickly and effectively. The Bot-IoT dataset, which is derived from the original dataset, is used to evaluate various detection algorithms. Five different machine learning algorithms were tested on the two databases, and the results of the tests revealed high and accurate performance at all levels of the dataset.
Temozolomide Sensitizes ARID1A-Mutated Cancers to PARP Inhibitors
Authors: Yu Zheng-Cheng , Li Tianhe , Tully Ellen , Huang Peng , Chen Chih-Ning , Oberdoerffer Philipp , Gaillard Stephanie , Shih Ie-Ming , Wang Tian-Li
Published: June 2023

ARID1A is a subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes and is mutated in many types of human cancers, especially those derived from endometrial epithelium, including ovarian and uterine clear cell carcinoma (CCC) and endometrioid carcinoma (EMCA). Loss-of-function mutations in ARID1A alter epigenetic regulation of transcription, cell-cycle checkpoint control, and DNA damage repair. We report here that mammalian cells with ARID1A deficiency harbor accumulated DNA base lesions and increased abasic (AP) sites, products of glycosylase in the first step of base excision repair (BER). ARID1A mutations also delayed recruitment kinetics of BER long-patch repair effectors. Although ARID1A-deficient tumors were not sensitive to monotherapy with DNA-methylating temozolomide (TMZ), the combination of TMZ with PARP inhibitors (PARPi) potently elicited double-strand DNA breaks, replication stress, and replication fork instability in ARID1A-deficient cells. The TMZ and PARPi combination also significantly delayed in vivo growth of ovarian tumor xenografts carrying ARID1A mutations and induced apoptosis and replication stress in xenograft tumors. Together, these findings identified a synthetic lethal strategy to enhance the response of ARID1A-mutated cancers to PARP inhibition, which warrants further experimental exploration and clinical trial validation.

Significance:

The combination of temozolomide and PARP inhibitor exploits the specific DNA damage repair status of ARID1A-inactivated ovarian cancers to suppress tumor growth.
Supplementary Table S2 from Antidepressant Use and Lung Cancer Risk and Survival: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Lee Eunkyung , Park Yongho , Li David , Rodriguez-Fuguet Alice , Wang Xiaochuan , Zhang Wen Cai
Published: June 2023

Criteria for inclusion and exclusion of studies
FIGURE 2 from Antidepressant Use and Lung Cancer Risk and Survival: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Lee Eunkyung , Park Yongho , Li David , Rodriguez-Fuguet Alice , Wang Xiaochuan , Zhang Wen Cai
Published: June 2023

Forest plot showing the pooled effects of AD use on lung cancer. Blue square and horizontal lines represent relative risks (RR) and 95% CI for each study. The blue boxes reflect the statistical weight of the study. The dotted vertical line indicates the line of no effect. The red diamond represents the pooled RR with its 95% CI.
FIGURE 1 from Antidepressant Use and Lung Cancer Risk and Survival: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Lee Eunkyung , Park Yongho , Li David , Rodriguez-Fuguet Alice , Wang Xiaochuan , Zhang Wen Cai
Published: June 2023

Flow diagram of the study selection process.