bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observed‐to‐expected ratio for adherence to treatment guidelines as a quality of care indicator for laryngeal cancer
Authors: Swegal Warren C. , Herbert Robert J. , Eisele David W. , Chang Jenny , Bristow Robert E. , Gourin Christine G.
Published: June 2019

Objectives/Hypothesis

To examine associations between survival and adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) treatment guidelines using an observed‐to‐expected (O/E) ratio for greater adherence as a risk‐adjusted hospital measure of quality care in elderly patients treated for larynx cancer.

Study Design

Retrospective analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare data.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with larynx cancer from 2004 to 2007 were evaluated using multivariate regression and survival analysis. A fit logistic regression model was used to calculate an O/E ratio for guideline adherence for each hospital using quality indicators derived from NCCN guidelines for recommended treatment and stratified by hospital volume.

Results

Of 1,721 patients treated at 395 hospitals, 43.0% of patients received NCCN guideline‐adherent care. Low‐volume hospitals (N = 295) treating six or fewer cases treated 765 patients (44.5%), with a mean O/E of 0.96 ± 0.45. Hospitals treating more then six cases with an O/E <1 (N = 32) treated 284 patients (16.5%), with a mean O/E of 0.77 ± 0.18. Hospitals treating more than six cases with an O/E ≥1 (N = 68) treated 672 patients (39.1%), with a mean O/E of 1.17 ± 0.11. Treatment at hospitals with an O/E ≥1 was associated with improved survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.83 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70 to 0.98]) and lower mean incremental treatment‐related costs (−$3,009 [−$5,226 to −$791]) compared with hospitals with an O/E <1 (HR = 1.00 [0.80 to 1.24]) and the reference group of low‐volume hospitals.

Conclusions

A hospital‐specific O/E for NCCN treatment guideline adherence, combined with a minimum case volume criterion, is associated with survival and treatment‐related costs in elderly patients with larynx cancer, and may be a feasible measure of larynx cancer quality of care.

Level of Evidence

NA

Laryngoscope, 130:672–678, 2020
Comparison of the oxidation resistance of synthetic ester oils DOA and TDTM: Experimental evaluation and theoretical calculation
Authors: Jin Yongliang , Duan Haitao , Wei Lei , Cheng Bingxue , Chen Song , Zhan Shengpeng , Li Jian
Published: June 2019

The oxidation behavior of the synthetic ester oils di‐isooctyl adipate (DOA) and tri‐isodecyl trimellitate (TDTM) was investigated by analysing the oxidation induction time and oxidation onset temperature via pressure differential scanning calorimetry tests, and the variation in viscosity after oven accelerated oxidation tests. Moreover, theoretical calculations of the fractional free volumes and oxygen diffusion coefficients of DOA and TDTM were performed, and atomistic‐scale insights into the oxidative mechanisms of both oils were proposed based on reactive molecular dynamic (RMD) simulations. Better oxidation resistance for TDTM was confirmed with experimental observations. RMD results indicated that the C―O bonds of the alcohol chain and ester group of DOA were susceptible to oxidation. However, only the dissociation of the C―O bond of the alcohol chain initiated the oxidation of TDTM. Additionally, more degradation fragments for DOA were identified, along with the formation of a polymerized product, while no large molecules formed for TDTM.
Piecewise linear processes with Poisson‐modulated exponential switching times
Authors: Di Crescenzo Antonio , Martinucci Barbara , Ratanov Nikita
Published: June 2019

We consider the jump telegraph process when switching intensities depend on external shocks also accompanying with jumps. The incomplete financial market model based on this process is studied. The Esscher transform, which changes only unobservable parameters, is considered in detail. The financial market model based on this transform can price switching risks as well as jump risks of the model.
Nonlocal Venttsel' diffusion in fractal‐type domains: Regularity results and numerical approximation
Authors: Cefalo Massimo , Creo Simone , Lancia Maria Rosaria , Vernole Paola
Published: June 2019

We study a nonlocal Venttsel' problem in a nonconvex bounded domain with a Koch‐type boundary. Regularity results of the strict solution are proved in weighted Sobolev spaces. The numerical approximation of the problem is carried out, and optimal a priori error estimates are obtained.
Attenuation of Palmitic Acid–Induced Lipotoxicity by Chlorogenic Acid through Activation of SIRT1 in Hepatocytes
Authors: Yang Lele , Wei Jinchao , Sheng Feiya , Li Peng
Published: June 2019

Scope

Saturated free fatty acids (FFAs) induce hepatocyte lipotoxicity, wherein oxidative stress–associated mitochondrial dysfunction is mechanistically involved. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a potent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory compound, protects against high‐fat‐diet‐induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in liver. This study investigates whether CGA protects against FFA‐induced hepatocyte lipotoxicity via the regulation of mitochondrial fission/fusion and elucidates its underlying mechanisms.

Methods and results

AML12 cell, a non‐transformed hepatocyte cell line, is treated with palmitate. Here, it is shown that CGA prevents palmitate‐induced lipotoxicity by activation of SIRT1 regulated mitochondrial morphology. CGA treatment mitigates oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and an increase in mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial membrane potential. CGA also significantly decreases Bax expression and thereby reduces mitochondria‐mediated caspase‐dependent apoptosis. Mechanistically, CGA attenuates ROS‐induced mitochondrial fragmentation by inhibiting dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) and enhancing Mfn2 expression. In contrast, the inhibitory effects of CGA on the generation of mitochondrial ROS and Drp1 are blocked by siRNA knockdown of SIRT1.

Conclusion

Collectively, these findings show that supplementation with CGA protects hepatocytes from FFA‐induced lipotoxicity through activation of SIRT1, which reverses the oxidative stress and dysfunction of mitochondrial biogenesis directly.
On transformations and shape functions for enhanced assumed strain elements
Authors: Pfefferkorn Robin , Betsch Peter
Published: June 2019

We summarize several previously published geometrically nonlinear EAS elements and compare their behavior. Various transformations for the compatible and enhanced deformation gradient are examined. Their effect on the patch test is one main concern of the work, and it is shown numerically and with a novel analytic proof that the improved EAS element proposed by Simo et al in 1993 does not fulfill the patch test. We propose a modification to overcome that drawback without losing the favorable locking‐free behavior of that element. Furthermore, a new transformation for the enhanced field is proposed and motivated in a curvilinear coordinate frame. It is shown in numerical tests that this novel approach outperforms all previously introduced transformations.
Influence of the hybrid materials based on carbon nanotubes and tannic acid on the rheological, thermal and mechanical performances of nitrile butadiene rubber composites
Authors: Fan Yuan , Cho Ur Ryong
Published: June 2019

In this work, hybrid composites are consisting of single wall carbon nanotubes (CNT) and tannic acid (TA) embedded in nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) matrix using kneading followed by the hot‐pressing method. The CNT and TA were mixed to NBR at different ratio and the obtained composites were subjected to morphological, rheological and thermal analysis as well as mechanical properties. The tensile test results manifested that both CNT and TA can be used as the reinforcing fillers, while the NBR composites filled with CNT exhibited a stronger mechanical behavior, indicating CNT was shown to be the more effective in tensile strength. Furthermore, the organic‐inorganic hybrid fillers presented enhancement of mechanical properties as compared to the neat NBR.
Wound healing activity and phytochemical screening of purified fractions of Sempervivum tectorum L. leaves on HCT 116
Authors: Cattaneo Fabio , De Marino Simona , Parisi Melania , Festa Carmen , Castaldo Martina , Finamore Claudia , Duraturo Francesca , Zollo Cristiana , Ammendola Rosario , Zollo Franco , Iorizzi Maria
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Sempervivum tectorum L. (Crassulaceae), is a succulent perennial plant widespread in Mediterranean countries and commonly used in traditional medicine for ear inflammation, ulcers and skin rashes as a refrigerant and astringent.

Objective

To demonstrate the therapeutic effects of the plant, various fractions were purified and characterised. The potential wound healing activity, proliferation rate and intracellular signalling cascades were investigated by using human epithelial colorectal carcinoma (HCT 116) cells.

Methodology

An extraction method without organic solvents was applied for the first time. The purification was carried out by droplet counter current chromatography (DCCC) coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) data. By nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [1H, 13C and two‐dimensional (2D) experiments] pure components were identified. Wound healing and cell proliferation assays were utilised to determine the role of the isolated S. tectorum (SVT) fraction on cellular migration and proliferation. The signalling pathways elicited from the SVT fractions, were analysed by Western blot analysis.

Results

In this study two rare natural components were identified, namely monosaccharide sedoheptulose and polyalcohol 2‐C‐methyl‐D‐erythritol, along with known organic acids and flavonoids. The fractions with high level of sedoheptulose enhance the proliferation and the cellular migration of epithelial HCT 116 cells. The intracellular signalling cascades elicited from the purified fractions induce the c‐Src‐mediated transactivation of EGFR and the activation of the STAT3 pathway which, in turn, are crucially involved in the cellular proliferation and migration.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates the efficacy of purified fractions of S. tectorum L. in enhancing cellular proliferation and migration, suggesting their potential role as topical therapeutic treatments for wound healing.
Accurate diagnosis of fetal cleft lip/palate by typical signs of magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Tian Mimi , Xiao Lianxiang , Jian Nan , Wei Xinhong , Liu Shuwei , Zhao Hui , Li Guan , Zhang Shuai , Liang Wenjia , Lin Nan , Lin Xiangtao
Published: June 2019

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing orofacial clefts and proposes specific signs for determining the type of cleft.

Methods

Pregnant women in whom fetal facial malformations are suspected by ultrasonography (US) underwent 1.5 T MRI. The accuracy of the prenatal US and MRI diagnosis was compared with the postnatal findings.

Results

A total of 71 fetuses were included in the final analysis, which comprised of 35 cases of isolated cleft lip, six cases of cleft lip and alveolus, 21 cases of cleft lip and palate, four cases of isolated cleft palate, and five normal fetuses. MRI was more sensitive than US (MRI 100%, US 77.5%; Fisher's exact test: MRI vs US P=0.000). The accuracy of MRI for all types was 100%. Specific signs (Inverted T, L/anti‐L, U, and “Notch” signs) were proposed, indicating the normal hard, unilateral cleft, bilateral cleft, and cleft soft palates, respectively, which can facilitate the identification of different types of cleft palates.

Conclusion

MRI can accurately diagnose the type of cleft based on typical signs, which can serve as a definite diagnostic modality and an effective supplement of US.
Proteome Dataset of Qualea grandiflora Mart. (Vochysiaceae) by LC–MS/MS Label‐Free Identification in Response to Aluminum
Authors: Cury Natália Faustino , e Silva Renata Cristina Costa , Fayad Michelle , Fontes Wagner , Ricart Carlos André Ornelas , Castro Mariana de Sousa , Silveira Conceição Eneida dos Santos , Valle de Sousa Marcelo , Pereira Luiz Alfredo Rodrigues
Published: June 2019

This dataset brief is about the descriptive proteome of Qualea grandiflora plants by label free mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Q. grandiflora is a plant that accumulates aluminum (Al) in high quantities and requires it for growth and development. Although quite relevant for the understanding of Al effects on plants, the proteome of Q. grandiflora has not been studied yet. Therefore, the current proteome analysis identifies a total of 2010 proteins. Furthermore, the identified Q. grandiflora root proteins are associated with several crucial molecular functions, biological processes, and cellular sites. Hence, the proteome analysis of Q. grandiflora will contribute to unravel how plants evolved to cope with high levels of Al in soils. All data can be accessed at the Centre for Computational Mass Spectrometry – MassIVE MSV000082284 – https://massive.ucsd.edu/ProteoSAFe/dataset.jsp?task=adb9647282a5421a9cffe3124c060f46
Conformational analysis of diols: Role of the linker on the relative orientation of hydroxyl groups
Authors: Zoric Marija R. , Singh Varun , Zeller Matthias , Glusac Ksenija D.
Published: June 2019

Conformational flexibility of three covalently linked alcohol dimers, composed of xanthenol units and diphenyl ether (DPE(OH)2), 9,9‐dimethylxanthene (XAN(OH)2), or biphenyl (BP(OH)2) linkers was studied. The relative orientation of the two alcohol units (In‐In, In‐Out, and Out‐Out conformers) in the model compounds was investigated using NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Diols containing rigid linkers, such as XAN(OH)2 and BP(OH)2, favor the formation of an In‐In conformer in solution, and the interconversion between different conformers was slow on the NMR timescale. Interestingly, XAN(OH)2 adopted an In‐Out conformation in the crystalline solid state, possibly due to additional intermolecular interactions. More flexible DPE(OH)2 was found to freely interconvert on the NMR timescale. This study provides important structural information that can be utilized in catalysis, metal‐ligation, and other applications.
A new cardo bisphenol monomer containing pendant azido group and the resulting aromatic polyesters
Authors: Maher Deepak M. , Nagane Samadhan S. , Jadhav Uday A. , Salunkhe Pravin H. , Tawade Bhausaheb V. , Wadgaonkar Prakash P.
Published: June 2019

Expanding on our strategy to synthesize aromatic step‐growth polymers containing pendant clickable azido groups via functional monomer approach, we have now designed and synthesized a new cardo bisphenol, viz., 2‐(2‐azidoethyl)‐3, 3‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl) isoindolin‐1‐one (PPH‐N3). PPH‐N3was conveniently synthesized starting from commercially available phenolphthalein by a three‐step route in an overall yield of 65% using simple organic transformations. Aromatic (co)polyesters bearing pendant azido groups were synthesized by low‐temperature solution polycondensation of PPH‐N3or different molar ratios of PPH‐N3and bisphenol‐A (BPA) with aromatic diacid chlorides in dry dichloromethane in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) as a base. The formation of medium to reasonably high‐molecular‐weight (co)polyesters was evidenced from intrinsic viscosity and number‐average molecular‐weight measurements that were in the range 0.52–0.85 dL/g and 16,700–28,200, respectively. Tough, transparent, and flexible films could be cast from chloroform solutions of these (co)polyesters. (Co)polyesters were characterized using FTIR,1H NMR,13C NMR spectroscopy, XRD, and TGA. The thermal curing reaction of (co)polyesters involving decomposition of azido groups was studied by DSC analysis. The chemical modification of a representative copolyester containing pendant azido groups was carried out quantitatively using catalyst‐free azide‐maleimide cycloaddition reaction with two maleimides, namely,N‐methylmaleimide andN‐hexylmaleimide. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1516–1526
Effect of Annealing on Optical, Mechanical, Electrical Properties and Structure of Scandium Oxide Films
Authors: Belosludtsev Alexandr , Yakimov Yuri , Mroczyński Robert , Stanionytė Sandra , Skapas Martynas , Buinovskis Deividas , Kyžas Naglis
Published: June 2019

Scandium oxide (Sc2O3) films are deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. The effects of annealing on the structure, as well as the optical, mechanical, and electrical properties are investigated. The detailed investigation of the mechanical properties and high load indentation resistance in combination with electrical and optical properties is done. It is noted that after annealing at 300 °C, the extinction coefficient and refractive index slightly decreases. It is reported that before and after annealing, Sc2O3 films with cubic phase remains very hard (19 GPa) and resistant to high load (up to 1N) indentation test. Moreover, the effects of post‐deposition annealing on electrical characteristics of metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) structures with Sc2O3 gate dielectric layer are investigated. After the annealing procedure, the MIS structures are characterized by lower frequency dispersion, lower flat‐band voltage value, and lower effective charge density. The insulating properties remain at similar level when compared with the devices fabricated with as‐deposited dielectric material. The findings that are in this study make the investigated Sc2O3 films a promising material for various applications in optics, optoelectronic, and electronic semiconductor structures.
Transport of Charge Carriers along Dislocations in Si and Ge
Authors: Kittler Martin , Reiche Manfred , Schwartz Bernhard , Uebensee Hartmut , Kosina Hans , Stanojevic Zlatan , Baumgartner Oskar , Ortlepp Thomas
Published: June 2019

Experimental observations and quantum mechanical device simulations point to different electronic properties of dislocations in silicon and germanium. The experimental data suggest a supermetallic behavior of the dislocations in Si and thus the high strain in the dislocation core is thought to cause the confinement of the charge carriers, which leads to the formation of a 1D electron gas along a dislocation (quantum wire). The resulting significant increase in the electron concentration corresponds to a marked increase in the drain current of metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET). The specific resistance of an individual dislocation in Ge is about nine orders of magnitude higher than for a dislocation in Si. The experimental measurements of the strain in dislocation cores in Ge are still missing. Based on the band structure data, the generation of a strain equivalent to that of the dislocation cores in Si appears to be very challenging because of the transition from an indirect into a direct semiconductor with about tenfold lower strain levels. The lower strain in the dislocation core in germanium may not support the carrier confinement as proposed for the dislocation core of silicon, and consequently 1D electron gases are not expected to form along the dislocations in Ge.
Multilevel logistic cluster‐weighted model for outcome evaluation in health care*
Authors: Berta Paolo , Vinciotti Veronica
Published: June 2019

In health care, multilevel models are typically used to evaluate hospitals' performance and to rank hospitals accordingly. While multilevel models capture the hierarchical structure in the data, such as the grouping of patients into hospitals, these models do not account for additional latent structures. In this paper, we develop a novel multilevel logistic cluster‐weighted model which can predict a binary outcome, such as mortality within 30 days of discharge, while accounting both for known and latent structures of the data. We develop an Expectation‐Maximization algorithm for parameter estimation and a parametric bootstrap approach for assessing the variability of the estimators. Using a rich data set of the Lombardy (Italy) health care system and focussing on the two wards of cardiosurgery and medicine, we show how the proposed model detects, in both cases, two well‐defined clusters within the patient to hospital hierarchical structure of the data. A comparison with standard multilevel and cluster‐weighted approaches reveals a better fit of the proposed model and a greater insight into the structure of the data. We show how this can have implications in the resulting league tables and thus how the proposed model can be a useful tool for policy‐makers and healthcare managers to conduct hospital evaluations.
Design, Synthesis and Docking of Linear and Hairpin‐Like Alpha Helix Mimetics Based on Alkoxylated Oligobenzamide
Authors: Wang Xiang , Zhu Guanhua , Liang Wenjie , Zhao Siqi , Yuan Lvbing , Zhou Xiaohu , Lu Lanyuan , Xu Hai
Published: June 2019

A series of 2‐O‐alkylated and 3‐O‐alkylated benzamide monomers and oligomers with various side chains were synthesized through an iterative (n+1) elongation approach. Based on these synthetic benzamide strands, a range of corresponding 2‐O‐alkylated and 3‐O‐alkylated oligobenzamide α‐α “hairpin” mimetics were successfully prepared by different diacids reactions with amino‐terminated benzamide oligomers or monomers in the presence of oxalyl chloride with the catalytic amount of DMF. Over fifty 2‐O‐alkylated and 3‐O‐alkylated oligobenzamide were synthesized to form alpha helix mimetics. A reverse docking was performed to screen the proteins of biological interest and identified potential biologically important proteins targeted by our molecules. A 2‐O‐alkylated oligobenzamide trimer ligand and a 2‐O‐alkylated oligobenzamide harpin ligand show high binding affinity to identified proteins with a good shape complementarity in their binding pockets.
In‐situ Formation of a Dinuclear Al(III) Complex in Friedel‐Crafts Sulfoxidation of 2‐Naphthol with Thionyl Chloride
Authors: Bikas Rahman , Noshiranzadeh Nader , Khodaei Mina , Ślepokura Katarzyna , Lis Tadeusz
Published: June 2019

A new dinuclear Al(III) complex has been prepared by in situ Friedel‐Crafts sulfoxidation of 2‐naphthol with thionyl chloride (SOCl2) and AlCl3 as catalyst. The product was characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods and single crystal X‐ray analysis. X‐ray diffraction indicated that the product is a centrosymmetric dinuclear Al(III) complex, [Al(bn)(μ−OCH3)(CH3OH)]2 (1), where bn2− is a O3‐donor 1,1′‐sulfonylbis(naphtholate) ligand obtained by in situ reaction of materials. The coordination environment around the Al(III) ions is distorted octahedral (AlO6) and the Al(III) ions are connected together by methoxy bridging ligands. Complex 1 crystallizes in triclinic system and Al(III)⋅⋅⋅Al(III) separation is 2.886(2) Å. The dimeric structure is stabilized by two intramolecular O−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds, while the intermolecular interactions are provided by C–H⋅⋅⋅π and π–π contacts.
KI/K2S2O8‐Mediated C‐S/C‐N Bond Formation: One‐Pot Regioselective Synthesis of 5H‐Thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidines
Authors: Yang Zan , Liu Si , Li An , Liao Jiashu , Li Lijun , Yang Tao , Zhou Congshan
Published: June 2019

A new strategy for the synthesis of 5H‐thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidines from KI/K2S2O8 mediated C−S and C−N bond tandem cyclization reaction of enaminones with 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐thiones has been developed. This method features inexpensive catalyst, base free and transition‐metal free with simple procedure, affording the desired products in moderate to excellent yields.
Formation Mechanism of Silica Particles with Dendritic Structure
Authors: Qu Qishu , Li Wanying , Wu Qing
Published: June 2019

The silica particles having a dendritic structure (kcc‐1) synthesized by the biphase method are a novel porous material. In this work, the effect of the disturbance state at the oil‐water biphase interface on the reaction was investigated. The experimental results showed that when the oil‐water biphase interface was in an absolute state of quiescence, no silica particles could be obtained regardless of the temperature of 70 °C or 140 °C were used for reaction. However, when there was a disturbance in the oil‐water biphase interface, whether the disturbance was a very slight disturbance caused by convection or a severe disturbance due to agitation, porous silica particles with kcc‐1 structure could be prepared. Based on the above experimental results, we propose that the formation mechanism of kcc‐1 particles mainly includes the following three steps: (1) interface disturbance induces deformation of surfactant molecules to form micelles; (2) deformation of micelles leads to hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate; (3) the micelles modified with silica form a porous silica particle having a kcc‐1 structure through cooperative interaction.
Modulated Dehydration for Enhanced Anodic Performance of Bacterial Cellulose derived Carbon Nanofibers
Authors: Illa Mani Pujitha , Khandelwal Mudrika , Sharma Chandra S.
Published: June 2019

Carbon nanofibers (CNF) have shown to improve electrochemical performance when used as anode materials in Lithium‐ion batteries. Bacterial cellulose (BC), which is naturally produced as a hydrogel, yields CNF upon drying followed by pyrolysis. The BC derived CNF, primarily involving freeze‐drying, have been successfully tested as a potential anode material. However, in order to enhance the anodic performance, we need to tune the physiochemical properties of BC. This work is a first of its kind attempt to systematically study the effect of dehydration conditions (namely, oven and freeze drying) of bacterial cellulose hydrogel (produced using two bacterial strains) on the microstructural properties and electrochemical performance of as‐derived CNF. Finally, we demonstrate the use of oven‐dried bacterial cellulose as a sustainable and scalable precursor for CNF with a reversible capacity of 440 mAhg−1 at 0.2 C‐rate with ∼99% coulombic efficiency after 100 continuous charge/discharge cycles.
Slow Dynamics of Premelting Water Molecules Confined in a Hydrophilic Nanoporous Space
Authors: Ohata Yuki , Kamebuchi Hajime , Watanabe Keisuke , Kouchi Takaya , Suzuki You , Imaizumi Taku , Sugaya Tomoaki , Mizuno Motohiro , Tadokoro Makoto
Published: June 2019

The mobility, thermal behaviour, and crystal structures of water molecules confined within a one‐dimensional (1‐D), nanoporous single crystal in the premelting state were investigated in this study. Water clusters confined within the hydrophilic crystal revealed a premelting phase that was intermediate between the frozen and melted states. Water molecules in the premelting phase moved slowly. Heat capacity measurements showed that this motion could continue for approximately 24 hours after annealing at 160 K, although this could not be confirmed with solid‐state 2H‐NMR analysis. X‐ray diffraction analysis established the coexistence of crystal structures in the frozen and premelting states at 165 K. These results represent a valuable contribution to understanding the dynamic properties of water confined within nanoscale spaces.
Synergistic optimization scheduling of a wind–thermal power system considering V2G technology based on probability model
Authors: Qu Zhengwei , Hou Shuo , Wang Yunjing , Wang Yakun
Published: June 2019

Large‐scale grid‐connected electric vehicles (EVs) and wind power generation have brought new challenges to economical optimal scheduling of power system because of their uncertainties. It is essential to establish accurate scheduling models and arrive at the economical optimal scheduling strategy. This paper develops a probability model of wind power output, which adopts the normal distribution to depict the randomness of wind speed, considering turbulence. The probability model of vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) is also established, and the corresponding probability distribution is used to describe the initial charge/discharge time, daily mileage, and charge state of the EV. A collaborative scheduling model is built for the grid and consumers, taking account of the fuel cost of thermal power unit, the uncertainty cost of wind power output, and the cost of V2G service. The scheduling model is solved by an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm, which applies the inertia weight obeying the standard normal distribution and the nonlinear anticosine learning factors to avoid premature convergence and the loss of population space diversity. Finally, the validity and practicability of the proposed method are verified by the simulation of a ten‐machine power system integrated with wind power and EVs. Simulation results show that V2G can optimize the output of thermal power units and eliminate the surplus output of wind power. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optimally selecting the location of a multiple of D‐statcoms for the improvement of SARFIX due to faults in the IEEE 33‐bus distribution system
Authors: Khanh Bach Quoc , Hojo Masahide
Published: June 2019

This article introduces a new method for optimizing the placement of a multiple of D‐Statcoms for voltage sag mitigation in distribution systems. The D‐Statcom's placement is optimally selected not only for improving system voltage sag caused by a single fault event but also for all possible fault events in the system of interest. Therefore, D‐Statcom's placement is optimized in a problem of optimization where the objective function is to minimize the system voltage sag index—SARFIx. D‐Statcom's effectiveness for voltage sag mitigation is modeled based on the method of Thevenin's superimposition for the problem of short‐circuit calculation in distribution systems. This article considers the case of using a multiple of D‐Statcoms with a proposed voltage compensating principle that can be practical for large‐size distribution systems. This article uses the IEEE 33‐buses distribution feeder as the test system for voltage sag simulation and influential parameters to the outcomes of the problem of optimization are considered and discussed. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Spatiotemporal precipitation variability and potential drivers during 1961–2015 over the Yellow River Basin, China
Authors: Liu Yanli , Tang Xiongpeng , Sun Zhouliang , Zhang Jianyun , Wang Guoqing , Jin Junliang , Wang Gaoxu
Published: June 2019

Precipitation is a crucial element in the study of climate change and is a key component of climate change processes and the hydrological cycle. Changes in precipitation therefore have wide ranging implications across various fields, including agriculture, ecology and economic development. Known as the ’Mother River of China’, the Yellow River is the sixth longest river in the world and the second‐longest in the country, and has a unique political, economic and cultural role in China. Flowing through arid, semi‐arid and semi‐humid regions, it is well known for its high sand content and limited water resources. Precipitation in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) directly affects not only water security, but also eco‐system health and socio‐economic development. As a climatic phenomenon with characteristics that vary across both space and time, precipitation pattern analysis requires the examination of spatiotemporal changes. This study made use of interpolation grids in the analysis of data from all rainfall gauges associated with the National Meteorological Information Center and China Meteorological Administration; this constitutes a new and more representative method of assessing the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation over the entire Yellow River basin. Moreover, the precipitation records for the last decade – in which significant variation has been found – were reanalysed to assess changes in precipitation patterns over the region. The results showed a slight increase in precipitation in the upper reaches of the river and the northern part of the basin, along with a slight decrease in the southern part and a significant increasing trend from 1990 to 2009 for areal average annual precipitation. The locations of annual precipitation maxima shifted to the west, especially for the 400mm isoline. Relative to the 1956–2000 series, the new updated series showed a reverse movement for the 400mm precipitation contours. The Hurst exponent indicated the presence of a random series for the longitudinal movement data and a sustained state for the latitude data. The potential drivers of variation in precipitation over the YRB were also explored, and an increase in the extent of vegetation cover was identified as the dominant influencing factor. However, given the huge uncertainty in projections of future global warming, climate change impacts should also be considered; for example, rapid temperature increases might result in the degradation of vegetation cover. The results of the study indicate that there is the potential for an increased risk of both urban and rural flooding in the YRB, with its unique water–sediment conditions, along with negative outcomes for agriculture and the eco‐environment.
The Family of A6M2O6 Oxometalates: Synthesis and Crystal Structure Determination of Cs6Mn2O6, Magnetic Exchange within Dimeric Poly‐oxoanions, and Classification of Crystal Structures
Authors: Nuss Jürgen , Kremer Reinhard K. , Thakur Gohil S. , Jansen Martin
Published: June 2019

The new compound Cs6Mn2O6 was synthesized via the azide/nitrate route. According to single‐crystal X‐ray analysis (P1; a = 695.74(7), b = 733.24(7), c = 735.12(7) pm, α = 78.559(4), β = 62.685(3), γ = 88.788(4)°; 2705 independent data, R1 = 0.041), the anionic part of the compound consists of dimeric Mn2O6 units, formed by edge sharing of two MnO4 polyhedra of a shape intermediate between tetrahedral and square planar. The crystal structure is singular, however, can be related to several oxides of the same general formula by group‐subgroup symmetry descent. The magnetic properties of Cs6Mn2O6 have been simulated by an antiferromagnetic dimer model of spin S = 2 entities, considering a small temperature dependence of the spin exchange parameters.
Stationary and Nonstationary Ion and Water Flux Interactions in Kidney Proximal Tubule: Mathematical Analysis of Isosmotic Transport by a Minimalistic Model
Authors: Larsen Erik Hviid , Sørensen Jens Nørkær
Published: June 2019

Our mathematical model of epithelial transport (Larsen et al. Acta Physiol. 195:171–186, 2009) is extended by equations for currents and conductance of apical SGLT2. With independent variables of the physiological parameter space, the model reproduces intracellular solute concentrations, ion and water fluxes, and electrophysiology of proximal convoluted tubule. The following were shown:

Water flux is given by active Na+flux into lateral spaces, while osmolarity of absorbed fluid depends on osmotic permeability of apical membranes.

Following aquaporin “knock-out,” water uptake is not reduced but redirected to the paracellular pathway.

Reported decrease in epithelial water uptake in aquaporin-1 knock-out mouse is caused by downregulation of active Na+absorption.

Luminal glucose stimulates Na+uptake by instantaneous depolarization-induced pump activity (“cross-talk”) and delayed stimulation because of slow rise in intracellular [Na+].

Rate of fluid absorption and flux of active K+absorption would have to be attuned at epithelial cell level for the [K+] of the absorbate being in the physiological range of interstitial [K+].

Following unilateral osmotic perturbation, time course of water fluxes between intraepithelial compartments provides physical explanation for the transepithelial osmotic permeability being orders of magnitude smaller than cell membranes’ osmotic permeability.

Fluid absorption is always hyperosmotic to bath.

Deviation from isosmotic absorption is increased in presence of glucose contrasting experimental studies showing isosmotic transport being independent of glucose uptake.

For achieving isosmotic transport, the cost of Na+recirculation is predicted to be but a few percent of the energy consumption of Na+/K+pumps.
Platelet and White Blood Cell (WBC) Counts in the First Trimester and Pregnancy Outcome: Prospective Controlled Study
Authors: Al-Husban Naser , Al-Atrash Hiba , Alhayek Nour , Al-Soud Kawther , Alhusban Muna
Published: June 2019

In pregnancy, there is usually a degree of thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis. Our aim was to find out if raised platelet and white blood cell counts (WBC) in the first trimester above 300 ⅹ 109/L and 10 ⅹ 103/mm3, respectively are related to the pregnancy outcome. This is a prospective controlled trial at Jordan University hospital in the period between June 2017 to September 2018. Pregnant women were enrolled in the study any time less than 14 weeks with platelet count of 300 ⅹ 109/L or more and white blood cell count of 10.0 ⅹ 103/mm3 or more (study group, 100 pregnant women). The control group (84 pregnant women) were recruited at the same time. There was a statistically significant increased risk of miscarriage in the study group, P value 0.018, and a statistically significant increased risk of preterm delivery, P value 0.001. There was also a higher risk of preterm premature rupture of membranes in the study group than the control, 11.2 versus 3.8%, odds ratio 3.169, but this difference wasn’t statistically significant. Pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes had statistically significant higher risk of preterm deliveries, lower birth weight, higher risk of neonatal intensive care unit admission than those without membrane rupture. Elevated platelet and WBC counts in the first trimester are associated with increased risk of miscarriage, increased risk of preterm delivery and relatively increased risk of PPROM. This can serve as an early warning for adverse pregnancy outcome.
On quantum implication
Authors: Younes Yousef , Schmitt Ingo
Published: June 2019

Logic is an algebraic structure that defines a set of abstract rules which govern an area of interest. The abstraction property of the rules makes them reusable tools to model different problems and to reason with them. The proliferation of quantum theory brought attention to quantum logic which is a lattice of projectors and it is of importance to quantum computing. Unfortunately, basic tools like implication are not sufficiently studied in that logic, which prevents us from exploiting the power of quantum mechanics in reasoning. This note investigates the implication issue in quantum logic and defines a quantum implication operator for compatible events as well as for incompatible events. The suggested operator depends both on the angle between the vector sub-spaces of the involved events and the angles between the system state and the vector sub-spaces. It differentiates between three cases depending on the angle between the events’ sub-spaces. The article further shows through an example that some classical reasoning rules such as Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens hold given the suggested implication.
Testing donation menus: on charitable giving for cancer research – evidence from a natural field experiment
Authors: BAGGIO MARIANNA , MOTTERLINI MATTEO
Published: June 2019

Behavioral economics research has helped with understanding charitable behavior and has shown that charities can encourage donations by carefully designing their pledges. However, there is still scope to extend current research on who gives, what drives the decision to donate and at what levels, especially when behavioral insights are applied in context. In cooperation with a major Italian charity for cancer research, this study implements a natural direct mail field experiment, with over 150,000 letters sent to donors. By exploring the behavioral responses to different donation anchors, evidence was found that, within the given framework, including donation menus significantly increased the average amount donated without affecting the likelihood of donation. Furthermore, introducing additional explanations of how to make a payment significantly increased overall returns. Lastly, individual heterogeneity (high- and low-frequency donors, as well as senior and junior donors) had a direct effect on donations.
The Hausdorff dimension of multiply Xiong chaotic sets
Authors: LI JIAN , LÜ JIE , XIAO YUANFEN
Published: June 2019

We construct a multiply Xiong chaotic set with full Hausdorff dimension everywhere that is contained in some multiply proximal cell for the full shift over finite symbols and the Gauss system, respectively.
Sylvester matrix rank functions on crossed products
Authors: ARA PERE , CLARAMUNT JOAN
Published: June 2019

In this paper we consider the algebraic crossed product ${\mathcal{A}}:=C_{K}(X)\rtimes _{T}\mathbb{Z}$ induced by a homeomorphism $T$ on the Cantor set $X$, where $K$ is an arbitrary field with involution and $C_{K}(X)$ denotes the $K$-algebra of locally constant $K$-valued functions on $X$. We investigate the possible Sylvester matrix rank functions that one can construct on ${\mathcal{A}}$ by means of full ergodic $T$-invariant probability measures $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$ on $X$. To do so, we present a general construction of an approximating sequence of $\ast$-subalgebras ${\mathcal{A}}_{n}$ which are embeddable into a (possibly infinite) product of matrix algebras over $K$. This enables us to obtain a specific embedding of the whole $\ast$-algebra ${\mathcal{A}}$ into ${\mathcal{M}}_{K}$, the well-known von Neumann continuous factor over $K$, thus obtaining a Sylvester matrix rank function on ${\mathcal{A}}$ by restricting the unique one defined on ${\mathcal{M}}_{K}$. This process gives a way to obtain a Sylvester matrix rank function on ${\mathcal{A}}$, unique with respect to a certain compatibility property concerning the measure $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$, namely that the rank of a characteristic function of a clopen subset $U\subseteq X$ must equal the measure of $U$.
A bound on the vertical transport of heat in the ‘ultimate’ state of slippery convection at large Prandtl numbers
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Whitehead Jared P.
Published: June 2019

An upper bound on the rate of vertical heat transport is established in three dimensions for stress-free velocity boundary conditions on horizontally periodic plates. A variation of the background method is implemented that allows negative values of the quadratic form to yield ‘small’ ($O\left(1/ \mathit{Pr}\right)$) corrections to the subsequent bound. For large (but finite) Prandtl numbers this bound is an improvement over the ‘ultimate’$R{a}^{1/ 2} $scaling and, in the limit of infinite$Pr$, agrees with the bound of$R{a}^{5/ 12} $recently derived in that limit for stress-free boundaries.
Insight, academic major satisfaction and life satisfaction among college students majoring in education: Implications for career counselling
Authors: Cimsir Elif
Published: June 2019

Theoretical explanations suggest that insight might increase life satisfaction by helping individuals choose a suitable academic major, indicating that insight might facilitate life satisfaction through academic major satisfaction. The current study thus investigates the mediating role of academic major satisfaction in the potential relationship between insight and life satisfaction. The data collected from a sample of 206 undergraduate students majoring in education degree programs confirm that the relationship between insight and life satisfaction is fully mediated by academic major satisfaction, with a model explaining 23% of the total variance in life satisfaction. The findings have important implications for the design and implementation of career counselling and guidance services provided within high school and university settings, particularly in countries such as Turkey where career counselling services need improvement.
Late Permian rugose corals from Gyanyima of Drhada, Tibet (Xizang), Southwest China
Authors: Wang Xiaojuan , Wang Xiangdong , Zhang Yichun , Cao Changqun , Lee Dongjin
Published: June 2019

The rugose corals described in this study were collected from the Gyanyima section in the Ngari region of southwestern Tibet (Xizang) and are assigned to three genera and 11 species, including a new genus and seven new species:Waagenophyllum(Waagenophyllum)ngarienseHe, 1990;W. (W.)elegantulumHe in Luo et al., 1989;W. (W.)minutumZhao, 1981;W. (W.)tachtabulasicumIlyina, 1997;W. (W.)gyanyimaensen. sp.,W. (W.)intermediumn. sp.,Waagenophyllum(Liangshanophyllum)clisicolumellumn. sp.,Ipciphyllum naoticumn. sp.,I. floricolumellumn. sp.,I. zandaensen. sp., andGyanyimaphyllum crassiseptatumn. gen. n. sp. Ontogeny and intraspecific variation are given special attention when describing and discussing these taxa. Coral reefs, withWaagenophyllumas the major skeletal reef builder, occur in several horizons in the uppermost part of the section. The accompanying foraminifers indicate the rugose coral fauna is a late Permian Changhsingian age. Therefore, this is possibly one of the latest Permian rugose coral reefs in the world known up to now.

UUID:http://zoobank.org/b9e621cb-197d-4208-8267-14d62f382a1b
Finding the probability of a rare real world event
Authors: Wiorkowski John
Published: June 2019

One of the nicer things about growing older is that you tend to find a great deal of pleasure in the little rituals of life. Things like morning coffee or tea, a warm bath, or a glass of good wine at the end of the day. There are some rituals, however, that are not at all enjoyable. Take, for example, the monthly ritual of paying bills. I still do this by cheque, so I need to make sure my bank account balance is sufficient to pay the cheque, write the cheque, and subtract the cheque amount from the account balance. Now there is a little pleasure when one actually adds money to the account balance, but the one time that gives me more than a modicum of joy is when the pence portion of the account balance comes out to be exactly zero. This happens very rarely and unpredictably. As a statistician I became intrigued with trying to find the probability of this event occurring. I did an extensive literature search both in traditional hard copy journals and also online, but I could find no reference to this problem.
Rounding versus truncation estimates in difference calculations
Authors: van Wyk Leonard
Published: June 2019

Two common methods of approximating difference problems are by rounding or truncating the minuend and the subtrahend before calculating the difference. Since rounding generally gives a better approximation of a number than truncation, one might expect that rounding also generally gives a better approximation in difference problems. We show that intuition to be false.
Correlation between white blood cell count and mood-stabilising treatment response in two bipolar disorder trials
Authors: Köhler-Forsberg Ole , Sylvia Louisa G. , Bowden Charles L. , Calabrese Joseph R. , Thase Michael E. , Shelton Richard C. , McInnis Melvin , Tohen Mauricio , Kocsis James H. , Ketter Terence A. , Friedman Edward S. , Deckersbach Thilo , Ostacher Michael J. , Iosifescu Dan V. , McElroy Susan , Nierenberg Andrew A.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Immune system markers may predict affective disorder treatment response, but whether an overall immune system marker predicts bipolar disorder treatment effect is unclear.

Methods:

Bipolar CHOICE (N = 482) and LiTMUS (N = 283) were similar comparative effectiveness trials treating patients with bipolar disorder for 24 weeks with four different treatment arms (standard-dose lithium, quetiapine, moderate-dose lithium plus optimised personalised treatment (OPT) and OPT without lithium). We performed secondary mixed effects linear regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, smoking and body mass index to investigate relationships between pre-treatment white blood cell (WBC) levels and clinical global impression scale (CGI) response.

Results:

Compared to participants with WBC counts of 4.5–10 × 109/l, participants with WBC < 4.5 or WBC ≥ 10 showed similar improvement within each specific treatment arm and in gender-stratified analyses.

Conclusions:

An overall immune system marker did not predict differential treatment response to four different treatment approaches for bipolar disorder all lasting 24 weeks.