bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statystyczno-porównawcza analiza XXIII Międzynarodowego Kongresu Bizantynologicznego (Belgrad, 22-27 VIII 2016)
Authors: Kochanek Piotr
Published: December 2019

The 23rd International Congress of Byzantine Studies took place in the hospita­ble capital of Serbia from Monday (22 August) to Saturday (27 August 2016). Ac­cording to official data in the congress took part 1,260 byzantine scholars from 48 countries of the world. The largest number of scientist represented Greece (212), Serbia (122), France (103), Russia (87), the United Kingdom (79) and Italy (78). Numerous scholars came to Belgrade also from Germany (72), the USA (64), Bul­garia (57), Turkey (40) and Austria (39). Poland was represented officially by 26 byzantine scholars. To this number must be added two Poles affiliated to foreign universities. Most Polish researchers, as many as 11, represented the University of Lodz – today the most important Polish center for research on the history and culture of Byzantium. During the congress 1148 scholars presented 1329 papers and communications. According the official data 1057 papers (= 79,533%) were in English, 165 in French (= 12,415%), 30 in Greek (= 2,257%), 28 in German (= 2,106%), 28 in Russian (= 2,106%) and 21 (= 1,580%) in Italian. Twenty-six Poles representing the Polish research centers presented a total of 29 communica­tions (26 in English, 1 in French, 1 in German and 1 in Russian). Furthermore, one Pole affiliated to the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, delivered his com­munication in French. According the official data, the congress was divided into several program blocks. The first block was the solemn opening session. Part of this session was the inaugural lecture of professor John F. Haldon from Princeton University. On the other hand, during the six plenary sessions were delivered 20 papers. The third block of the congress were the round table sessions. These ses­sions were a total 49 (= 382 communications). There have also been 116 sessions of free communications, during which 843 papers were read. Furthermore, during the six special sessions the participants delivered 64 presentations. Finally, a sepa­rate block were two poster sessions. In these sessions attended 19 authors. The sessions of the congress were held either at the Faculty of Philology (3 Studentski trg) or at the building of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (35 Knez Mihailova St.). It was agreed that the 24rd International Congress of Byzantine Studies will be held in 2021 in Istanbul.
Pieniądz w Historia lausiaca autorstwa Palladiusza z Helenopolis
Authors: Milewski Ireneusz
Published: December 2019

The paper analyses the reports regarding money, which appear in the Histo­ria Lausiaca by Palladius, bishop of bithynian Helenopolis and galatian Aspona. In the work of Palladius, money appears in several contexts: as a donation to a church and sums donated to charity. Amongst the most generous donors, there are: Melania the Elder, Melania the Younger and Olympias from Constantinople. In Historia Lausiaca, there can also be found some information about the prices and wages of the time. Another matter is the credibility of the reports when it comes to the amounts of money. Unfortunately, it is extremely difficult to ulti­mately verify their legitimacy. Other reports which give information on the prices and wages are not really helpful either.
Nieskończoność Boga u Orygenesa: przyczyna wielkiego nieporozumienia
Authors: Mrugalski Damian
Published: December 2019

Many historians of ideas – philosophers and theologians – believe that the first thinker to introduce the concept of a positive understanding of the infinite­ness of God was Plotinus. In Greek philosophy, however, something infinite was understood as “unfinished” and therefore “imperfect”. All the same, according to many scholars, Christianity took the concept of the infiniteness of God precisely from the founder of neo-Platonism. One of the reasons for which researchers of the doctrines of the ancient world persist in this thesis even today is the fact that, in the writings of Origen – who lived at the time of Plotinus – we find the expres­sions which might give readers the impression that God’s power is finite, since God brought into existence a finite number of created beings. This article argues that this widely-held interpretation is wrong. Philo and Clement, a Jewish and a Christian thinker, both of Alexandria – from whose doctrines Origen borrowed abundantly – wrote of an infinite God before Origen did. In the surviving works of Origen, moreover, he nowhere states explicitly that God’s power is finite, although it is true that, according to him, God created a finite number of creatures. The con­troversial thesis of a finite God is found only in fragments written by ancient cri­tics of Origen’s teaching. A detailed analysis of Origen’s own original pronounce­ments on the nature, power and knowledge of God leads one to the conclusion that the fragments that have led many historians of ideas into confusion, either do not represent the views of Origen himself or present Origen’s teachings inaccu­rately. Moreover, in Origen’s surviving Greek writings, we find the term ¥peiron used in reference to God. This is precisely the term used by Greek philosophers to designate infinity. We may posit, then, that the concept of the infiniteness of God, positively understood, was born of the encounter of Greek philosophy with the Bible – that is, with the Jewish and Christian doctrines of the first centuries of the common era. Origen, who came slightly later, continued the thought of his predecessors and does not contradict them anywhere in his surviving works. What remains to be examined is the question of whether Plotinus himself made use of the work of Jewish and Christian thinkers in forming his doctrine of an infinite God, rather than those thinkers leaning on Plotinus, as is usually assumed.
„Uporządkujcie we mnie miłość” (Pnp 2, 4, LXX) w egzegezie wybranych autorów wschodu i zachodu
Authors: Nocoń Arkadiusz
Published: December 2019

“You set charity in order in me” (Song 2:4, LXX) is one of the most funda­mental biblical texts for the concept of the ordo caritatis. The Author seeks to examine how this text was read in the East and West, analysing the commen­tary of three Greek authors (Origen, Gregory of Nyssa and Theodoret of Cyrus), and three Latin authors (Augustine of Hippo, John Cassian and Apponius). There commentaries, he notes, agree with one another for the most part, and refer more or less to Origen’s exegesis of this verse. However, some differences can be noted. The Eastern Fathers, for example, hold that, in the order of charity, the criterion of merit is more important than the criterion of blood relationship; that is to say, the greater love is to be shown to those who have been born in Christ (cf. 1Cor 4:15) over those born of the flesh. Only the Eastern Fathers explore what the ordo caritatis means also in relation to one’s enemies. The Western Fathers, for their part, tend to underline the moral aspect of the ordo caritatis, insofar as upholding that order is virtue, while infringing it is sin. In this regard, a casuistic approach can occur in their commentary more frequently than in those of the Eastern Fathers. The novelty of the commentaries of the Western Fathers is also found in their reflection on the ordo caritatis within the Holy Tri­nity, as well as the manner in which they expand the embrace of this order to other categories of people: friends, fellow citizens, strangers. Some of the Western Fathers (Apponius) apply the ordo caritatis not only to people but also to works of mercy, while others (Augustine) bring out the aesthetic element in the ordo caritatis, noting that the effect of order of any kind, including the order of charity, is beauty.
Łaska Boża i jej nieodzowna pomoc w utrzymaniu nadziei w codziennym życiu człowieka na przykładzie pism Paulina z Noli
Authors: Pałucki Jerzy
Published: December 2019

Letters and songs of Paulinus of Nola († 431) require a reader to be keen, care­ful and critical to the content its carries, specifically from the dogmatic point of view. Paulinus differentiates God’s the Father Grace, Christ’ Grace, Grace given by the Holy Spirit and finally grace received by people through the intercessions of saints. He never questions the dogma of the Trinity, but he is nonetheless criti­cised by Hieronymus as being too general in his writings, especially in poems. It is important to note that grace (gratia) as perceived by Paulinus of Nola does not only mean sacramental grace, but also the gift that allows one to uphold the virtue of hope and to grow spiritually and intellectually. In addition, the friendship and help given to a friend is a gift from God and manifestation of His grace.
Oblicza śmierci człowieka w myśli Sulpicjusza Sewera
Authors: Pochwat Józef
Published: December 2019

Sulpicius Severus (c. 360-420) was interested in various cases of human death. Although he do not deny that Christ is the one who alone can save man from death, he does not emphasize this truth either. He is mainly interested in wonders, extraordinary events linked mostly with St. Martin of Tours who was his friend. These miracles performed by Martin had their source in God’s power, but the way they are described places Martin in the centre and presents him as the main character. In this way, Sulpicius brings in a new style of writing, hagio­graphic literature where though God is the most important, the reader gets the impression that the central figure is a saint. Even though miracles happen by the power of God, one gets the impression that they are the result of the holy man’s efforts and merits. Sulpicius Severus considers death, caused by various ways and experienced for different reasons, is the greatest misfortune of man. He describes many examples related to the phenomenon of death. He talks about the death penalty. Although he mentions death as turning away from God, he does not mean eternal death, but rather its temporal consequences such as deprivation of freedom and falling into a state of slavery.
Rodzina a wiara w Passio ss. Perpetuae et Felicitatis
Authors: Stawoska-Jundziłł Bożena
Published: December 2019

This article concerns about family thread in description of Perpetuae’s martyr­dom in 3rd century Carthage. It describes Perpetuae’s family structure, family form upper strata of Roman Africa society, but not from aristocracy. The main func­tion has father but almost equal in prestige is his daughter – Perpetua. Her hus­band was not mention text did not mention, except from the fact of being a father. Similar faint role have two living brothers. Story focus more on the youngest dead brother, that died in torment from deceased. Author suggest that Perpetua form unknown reason have advantage in prestige above her pagan father, implements, from her martyrdom, plan for salvation all of her family. This “altruistic” plan is to shorten posthumous torments for not baptise brother and to end members of family dilemma, torn between new religion and tradition. It makes Perpetua, a heroic person, that sacrifice upbringing of her child for the sake of rest family. This text’s meaning is rather exceptional for the early Christian literature and it definitely exclude authorship from Tertullian because of his view on women.
Вплив святоотцівської спадщини і святих Православної Церкви на формування богословської думки архимандрита Софронія Сахарова
Authors: Sydorak Andriy
Published: December 2019

W swym artykule autor analizuje podstawowe źródła patrystyczne i dzieła świętych prawosławnych, które wpłynęły na kształt myśli znanego prawosławnego teologa i pisarza ascetycznego XX wieku – archimandryty Sofroniusza Sacharo­wa. Sięga też do jego pism, jak również dzieł i wspomnień współczesnych mu pisarzy, po to by ukazać, jaka była relacja archimandryty do dziedzictwa Świętych Ojców, oraz które teksty były dla niego najbardziej istotne. Szczególną zaś uwagę poświęca autor roli starca Sylwana, który był przewodnikiem duchowym Sacha­rowa i ukształtował jego patrystyczną wizję teologii.
Egzegeza literalna Starego Testamentu jako źródło herezji. Stanowisko Filastriusza z Brescii
Authors: Szram Mariusz
Published: December 2019

In the last part of the treatise Diversarum hereseon liber (from chapter 128 to 156), Filastrius of Brescia presents heresies based on the erroneous exegesis of the various biblical texts of the Old Testament. The author of the article dis­cusses several examples of the exegesis considered by Filastrius to be heretical, and wonders whether they indeed had signs of heresy and whether they could pose a significant threat to ecclesiastical orthodoxy. In the light of the examined texts, the Bishop of Brescia appears as a follower of the allegorical exegesis. As for the whole of the Alexandrian tradition from Origen, the overriding criterion of orthodox interpretation of the Scriptures was a spiritual advantage (utilitas spiritalis, scientia caelestis, scientia salutaris). If the proposed interpretation of the biblical text not carried out for such spiritual benefit, it was designated by the Bishop of Brescia as heretical, even if it did not materially harm the doctrinal truths contained in the Rule of the Church’s faith.
Man’s animality in the light of st. Augustine’s philosophical works
Authors: Terka Mariusz
Published: December 2019

As a corporeal being, man is part of the material world, he lives and is subject to processes similar to those which prevail in the world of animals and exceeds them only owing to the fact that he possesses a rational soul. Thus, although a body makes animality possible for a man to exist and function, its nature, meaning man’s similarity to animals, is defined mainly by the relationship between the soul and body. Since animals do not have minds, animality understood on the ontological level is something man and animals share in common. St. Augustine describes this as experiencing bodily sensations by the sensual being, which, because of their turning towards material things, lives in the world of bodily sensations and finds their place in it. Therefore, this is irrational delectation in bodily matters. This animality in humans is also considered as a possible lifestyle, which means it is an object of the will’s choice and assumes the form of the process of becoming similar to animals in the moral sense. It consists in the fact that man, who is created in the image and likeness of God, being turned to Him by nature, yet due to the sin of pride turns away from Him and from contemplation of eternal truths, and because of covetousness goes towards the carnal world. Being pleased with worldly possessions and directing his desires towards them, man becomes accustomed to existing among corporeal matters, forgetting about God and his own nature, and aspires to sensual pleasures. Therefore, the consequence of turn­ing away from the Creator and lustfully turning to worldly possessions is blind­ness that leads him or her into slavery of corporeality and idolatry.
Pastoralne przesłanie komentarza św. Cezarego z Arles do Apokalipsy św. Jana
Authors: Wygralak Paweł
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the commentary of St. Caesarius of Arles on the Apocalypse of St. John. The bishop of Arles wrote his commentary on the basis of the Ticonius’s study. Due to this fact, the work of Caesarius, which has been saved all in one piece, is an extremely important source of information about the com­mentary of Ticonius and may be very useful in the process of its reconstruction. The explication of the Apocalypse, written by the Gallic shepherd, is practical. The author tried to make comments on the Apocalypse in the context of the situa­tion of the Church in Gaul. He was more interested in ecclesiological message of St. John’s text rather than in its eschatological message. In consequence, the com­mentary was very practical and might have been used by priests who had to face such problems as the schism of the Church, rebaptism and relations with heretics.
„Jesteśmy pośrednikami wiary” (Epistula 10 [extra coll.], 8). Wiara i jej pośrednicy na podstawie listów św. Ambrożego
Authors: Wysocki Marcin
Published: December 2019

Presented paper is a part of the cycle of the articles on the faith in St Ambrose’s letters. The second one – presented here – shows interpreters of the faith and those who in the special way are the examples and models of the faith and are respon­sible for the handing faith down to fellow Christians and to unbelievers. Without a doubt, all believers are obliged to bear witness to the faith, but the bishop of Milan shows in his letters the special groups of the faithful who are in a particular way responsible for the transmission of the faith and must be the models of faith. First of all Ambrose in his letters shows – according to the christian topos – the persons from the Bible and the martyrs as the spacial examples of faith. However, much more attention he pays to contemporary bishops and emperors of the Roman Empire who, according to Ambrose, in a special way are responsible for highlight­ing and giving an example of faith. In being an example of the Christian faith to others, the most important thing – according to Bishop of Milan – is persisting in its orthodoxy, perseverance in it, and of course observance the moral principles arising from the faith.
Ambroży o starości w swoich listach
Authors: Wysocki Marcin
Published: December 2019

The correspondence of St Ambrose, of which 91 letters survive, provides a picture of his pastoral and social activities. His letters were directed to people of differing ages and classes; in some of them one can find his views on ageing, its features and dangers and how the old should be cared for. The period of old age is, according to the Bishop of Milan, the period of becoming a perfect men. Ambrose considered that with advancing age man grows towards perfection and maturity in the human sense, but more importantly in the moral and religious sense. He taught that everyone must try to improve themselves gradually throughout life by conversion and repentance, achieving maturity and perfection by the time of death.
The Impact of Mathematics Teacher Quality on Student Achievement in Oman and Taiwan
Authors: Ambussaidi Intisar , Yang Ya-Fei
Published: December 2019

Following the educational reform trend around the world, Oman and Taiwan emphasize on teacher quality to improve student learning. This study investigated the relationship between teacher quality and eighth graders mathematics achievement in Oman and Taiwan by utilizing TIMSS 2011 data. The research question examined to what extent teacher quality as defined by the measurable variables (teacher qualification, teaching practices and professional development) impacts student achievement in Oman and Taiwan. The study employed Ordinary Least Square (OLS) statistical analysis to examine the relationship between teacher quality and eighth-grade student math performance in both countries. The results show that teacher quality indicators in Oman and Taiwan have a positive impact on eighth graders mathematics achievement. However, teacher quality variables that influence student achievement in both countries vary depending on the education context, student characteristics and school factors. The study findings support policy intervention aimed at improving teacher quality and recommends providing more opportunities for participation in content-focused and pedagogical-focused professional development.
The Implementation Of Problem Based Learning and Jigsaw Model Learning to Improve Basic Programming Learning Outcomes
Authors: Widayanti Erma
Published: December 2019

Basic Programming Learning in class X RPL1 in semester 1 has implemented the Problem Based Learning model and runs effectively until it reaches 90% results reaching KKM. Problems occur when there are changes in students in semester 2 because of the industrial class. School regulations state that industrial classes are students who are selected based on psychology and grades in semester 1. In semester 2 industrial classes are placed in class X RPL2 and students who do not enter the industrial class are made one in class X RPL1. The application of the Problem Based Learning model that was implemented previously became less effective, the data at the beginning of semester 2 there were no students from X RPL1 who reached KKM (Minimal Completeness Criteria). This type of research is a classroom action research (CAR). This study aims to measure the feasibility of the learning model and improve the learning outcomes of Class X RPL1 students on Basic Programming subjects by providing innovative learning models that combine the Problem Based Learning and JIGSAW models. The study was conducted in class X RPL 1 of SMK Turen, amounting to 34 students and carried out for 3 cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, implementing actions, observing, and reflecting. The results obtained, the feasibility of learning models in the first cycle reached 64%, in the second cycle amounted to 76%, and in the third cycle reached 92%. Learning outcomes in the first cycle of knowledge are the average value of students is 62.94 with a percentage of completeness of 44.12%. In cycle II has increased, the average value of students is 73.52 with a percentage of mastery learning by 70.59%, while in cycle III the average value of students is 79.71 with a percentage of completeness of 91.18%. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the implementation of the Problem Based Learning method and the JIGSAW model are able to improve the learning outcomes of Grade X RPL1 students in the Basic Programming of SMK Turen.
Changes in the Morphology, Number, and Pathological Protein Levels of Plasma Exosomes May Help Diagnose Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Sun Ruihua , Wang Huayuan , Shi Yingying , Sun Zhikun , Jiang Haisong , Zhang Jiewen
Published: December 2019

Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles that are secreted by cells and usually found in body fluids. Since they freely cross the blood-brain barrier, neuronal exosomes respond directly to changes in the brain’s environment. Recent studies have shown that exosomes contain both amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins and have a controversial role in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) process. In this study, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of P-S396-tau and Aβ1–42 in plasma exosomes. We found that levels of P-S396-tau and Aβ1–42 in plasma exosomes of AD patients were significantly higher compared to those in matched healthy controls. The difference between plasma exosomes of AD patients and those of matched healthy controls was determined using transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Exosomes from AD patients were smaller and lower in quantity. These data together may provide a basis for early diagnosis of AD.
Costs of Inpatient Rehabilitation for Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Dementia: A Cohort Swedish Register-Based Study
Authors: Hoang Minh Tuan , Kåreholt Ingemar , von Euler Mia , Jönsson Linus , von Koch Lena , Eriksdotter Maria , Garcia-Ptacek Sara
Published: December 2019

Background:

Stroke and dementia are frequent comorbidities. Dementia possibly increases total costs of stroke care, especially cost of institutionalization and informal medical care. However, stroke rehabilitation costs in dementia patients are understudied.

Objective:

To estimate inpatient stroke rehabilitation costs for Swedish dementia patients in comparison with non-dementia patients.

Methods:

A longitudinal cohort study with linked data from the Swedish Dementia Register and the Swedish Stroke Register was conducted. Patients diagnosed with dementia who suffered a first ischemic stroke between 2010 and 2014 ( n = 138) were compared with non-dementia patients ( n = 935). Cost analyses were conducted from a Swedish health care perspective. The difference of rehabilitation costs between the two groups was examined via simple linear regression (before and after matching by propensity scores of dementia) and multiple linear regression.

Results:

Mean inpatient rehabilitation costs for dementia and non-dementia patients were SEK 103,693/$11,932 and SEK 130,057/$14,966, respectively (median SEK 92,183/$10,607 and SEK 106,365/$12,239) ( p = 0.001). Dementia patients suffered from more comorbidities and experienced lower functioning, compared to non-dementia patients. The inpatient rehabilitation cost for patients with known dementia was 0.84 times the cost in non-dementia individuals.

Conclusion:

Dementia diagnosis was significantly associated with lower inpatient stroke rehabilitation costs. This might be explained by physicians’ beliefs on the limited effectiveness of rehabilitation in dementia patients. Further research on cost-effectiveness of stroke rehabilitation and patients’ satisfaction with stroke rehabilitation is necessary.
Drug-Related Problems Increase Healthcare Costs for People Living with Dementia
Authors: Wohlgemuth Anne , Michalowsky Bernhard , Wucherer Diana , Eichler Tilly , Thyrian Jochen René , Zwingmann Ina , Rädke Anika , Hoffmann Wolfgang
Published: December 2019

Background:

Drug-related problems (DRP) are common in the elderly population, especially in people living with dementia (PwD). DRP are associated with adverse outcomes that could result in increased costs.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to analyze the association between DRP and healthcare costs in PwD.

Methods:

The analysis was based on the cross-sectional data of 424 PwD. Compliance, adverse effects, and drug administration of prescribed and over-the-counter drugs taken were assessed. DRP were identified and classified by pharmacists using an adapted German version of “PIE-Doc®”. Healthcare utilization was assessed retrospectively used to calculated costs from a public payer perspective using standardized unit costs. The associations between DRP and healthcare costs were analyzed using multiple linear regression models.

Results:

394 PwD (93%) had at least one DRP. An inappropriate drug choice was significantly associated with increased total costs ( b = 2,718€; CI95% 1,448–3,988) due to significantly higher costs for hospitalization ( b = 1,936€; 670–3,202) and for medications ( b = 417€; 68–765). Problems with medication dosage and drug interactions were significantly associated with higher medication costs ( b = 679€; 31–1,328; and b = 630€; 259–1,001, respectively).

Conclusions:

DRP could significantly lead to adverse outcomes for PwD and healthcare payers, reflected by a higher hospitalization and costs, respectively. Further research is needed to clarify on interventions and approaches efficiently avoiding DRP and on the effect on patient-reported and economic outcomes.
Decay in Retinoic Acid Signaling in Varied Models of Alzheimer’s Disease and In-Vitro Test of Novel Retinoic Acid Receptor Ligands (RAR-Ms) to Regulate Protective Genes
Authors: Khatib Thabat , Chisholm David R. , Whiting Andrew , Platt Bettina , McCaffery Peter
Published: December 2019

Retinoic acid has been previously proposed in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, five transgenic mouse models expressing AD and frontotemporal dementia risk genes (i.e., PLB2APP, PLB2TAU, PLB1Double, PLB1Triple, and PLB4) were used to investigate if consistent alterations exist in multiple elements of the retinoic acid signaling pathway in these models. Many steps of the retinoic acid signaling pathway including binding proteins and metabolic enzymes decline, while the previously reported increase in RBP4 was only consistent at late (6 months) but not early (3 month) ages. The retinoic acid receptors were exceptional in their consistent decline in mRNA and protein with transcript decline of retinoic acid receptors β and γ by 3 months, before significant pathology, suggesting involvement in early stages of disease. Decline in RBP1 transcript may also be an early but not late marker of disease. The decline in the retinoic acid signaling system may therefore be a therapeutic target for AD and frontotemporal dementia. Thus, novel stable retinoic acid receptor modulators (RAR-Ms) activating multiple genomic and non-genomic pathways were probed for therapeutic control of gene expression in rat primary hippocampal and cortical cultures. RAR-Ms promoted the non-amyloidogenic pathway, repressed lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory genes and induced genes with neurotrophic action. RAR-Ms had diverse effects on gene expression allowing particular RAR-Ms to be selected for maximal therapeutic effect. Overall the results demonstrated the early decline of retinoic acid signaling in AD and frontotemporal dementia models and the activity of stable and potent alternatives to retinoic acid as potential therapeutics.
Influence of Comorbidity of Cerebrovascular Disease and Amyloid-β on Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Yassi Nawaf , Hilal Saima , Xia Ying , Lim Yen Ying , Watson Rosie , Kuijf Hugo , Fowler Christopher , Yates Paul , Maruff Paul , Martins Ralph , Ames David , Chen Christopher , Rowe Christopher C. , Villemagne Victor L. , Salvado Olivier , Desmond Patricia M. , Masters Colin L.
Published: December 2019

Background:

Quantifying the contribution of cerebrovascular disease to the clinical and pathological profile of Alzheimer’s disease is challenging.

Objective:

We aimed to determine the influence of cerebrovascular disease, amyloid-β (Aβ), and their comorbidity on cognitive decline, hippocampal atrophy, and Aβ deposition, by evaluating data from the Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle Study of Ageing.

Methods:

Two-hundred and eighteen participants underwent Aβ PET, MRI, and cognitive assessment at 18-month intervals for up to 90 months. Aβ status was determined on baseline PET. Participants were also classified as V+ on baseline MRI if they had≥1 large cortical infarcts, subcortical infarcts, or cortical cerebral microinfarcts; or white matter hyperintensity volume greater than the 90th percentile of healthy controls. Linear mixed models were conducted comparing slopes of change in cognition, hippocampal volume, and Aβ load between the four resultant groups.

Results:

Mean age at baseline was 74 years (range 59–96). One-hundred and fifteen participants were cognitively normal, 54 had mild cognitive impairment, and 49 had Alzheimer’s disease. Compared to the Aβ-/V- group, the Aβ+/V- and Aβ+/V+ groups showed significantly faster cognitive decline and hippocampal atrophy over 90 months. V+ status was associated with greater cognitive decline (Cohen’s d = 0.85, p < 0.001) and hippocampal atrophy ( d = 2.05, p < 0.001) in the Aβ+ group but not in the Aβ- group. V+ status was not associated with Aβ accumulation in any group.

Conclusion:

Comorbidity of cerebrovascular disease and Aβ was associated with cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Cerebrovascular disease was not associated with the rate of Aβ accumulation.
Characterizing the phenolic constituents of U.S. Southeastern blackberry cultivars
Authors: Liao Xiaoxi , Greenspan Phillip , Srivastava Anita , Pegg Ronald B.
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Georgia’s small fruit sector is important to the state’s agricultural economy, and is seeking ways to promote their fruits in the health and wellness market. Based on the hot, humid, climatic conditions of the U.S. Southeast, three blackberry varieties, namely ‘Navaho’, ‘Ouachita’, and ‘Kiowa’, can grow, but a complete characterization of their antioxidant phenolic constituents has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities in U.S. Southeastern erect-type blackberry cultivars of commercial significance. METHODS: Phenolics from blackberries were isolated, separated, and elucidated both qualitatively and quantitatively by various chromatographic means, including HPLC–ESI–MS and MALDI–TOF–MS. RESULTS: Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, malvidin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside malonate, and propelargonidin B-type dimer were present in the Southeastern blackberries, which have not been found in any major U.S. cultivars. MALDI–TOF–MS analysis revealed a distinctive ellagitannin profile among the cultivars, and identified 5 additional ellagitannin compounds that were not elucidated by HPLC–ESI–MS.The detection of the propelargonidin B-type dimer revealed that the flavan-3-ols of blackberries are not limited to (epi)catechin-based compounds. CONCLUSIONS: U.S. Southeastern erect-type blackberry cultivars grown in Georgia showed distinct phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities from those of Pacific Northwestern cultivars.
Science and Charity, Educational therapy and active learning, increasing brain intelligence or heart intelligence
Authors: Ubaidillah Aan Eko Khusni
Published: December 2019

Transhumanism, a unique cyber entity perspective, posthumanism offers a unique integration between agency, memory and imagination in a philosophical way to achieve a harmonious ecology harmony that is developing and interrelated, increasing the education provided to graduates is necessary. The purpose of this paper discusses learning of Science and Charity, how education therapy and active learning, as well as improving brain intelligence or heart intelligence. From the results of the discussion it was concluded: 1) Various studies related to the phenomenon of the era of education 4.0 in general need to improve the education given to graduates therefore if society changes, schools need to change preparing students for the real world, rather than instead isolating students from the real world because students need to be a critical thinker and ready to solve problems, collaborate and communicate; 2) Education must teach the renewal of capacity to create, identify issues regarding current situations and actively provide solutions through the integration of faith, knowledge, charity or creed, shari'ah, morals; 3) Education must provide an ideal mode of therapy Lecture, Reading, Audiovisual, Demonstration, Discussion, Practice and Real Practice with a percentage ratio of 5: 10: 20: 30: 50: 75: 90, or use other patterns and not 100% lecture; 4) educational elements and principals must understand the concepts of knowledge for practice and knowledge in practice which consists of different varieties of knowledge as competitors or complementary such as formal knowledge (referring to theory or research and law or policy) and informal (referring to the practice of wisdom, experience personal, intuitive and tacit knowledge); 5) Other countries are fast advancing on the basis of creativity and innovation as the drivers of the knowledge economy by shifting the education system with the core of considering the abilities and talents of individuals and to create new knowledge.
装配式建筑施工技术在建筑工程施工管理中的应用
Authors: 童 国友
Published: December 2019

当下,伴随建筑行业的蓬勃发展,预制装配式建筑得到广泛应用。预制装配式建筑具有建造速度快、制约因素少,人力成本低等优势特征。基于此,本文围绕装配式建筑施工技术在施工管理中的应用进行论述。
刍议建筑机械设备安装工程的施工要点
Authors: 郑 森
Published: December 2019

建筑工程施工中,机械设备安装施工极为关键,且建筑机械安装施工水平对工程的质量有着较大影响。为保证建筑工程机械安装工程的施工品质,施工人员应准确把握建筑机械设备安装工程的施工要点,以增大工程安全系数。
高校修缮工程管理实践浅析
Authors: 肖 文杰
Published: December 2019

在高校长期发展过程中,经常会涉及到一些修缮工程,对此类工程进行有效的管理,不仅能够提升修缮工程质量,还能实现修缮资金的高效利用,这对于高校的健康发展具有非常重要的意义,但就目前的高校修缮工程管理情况来看,其中还有很多问题存在,这在一定程度上影响了修缮工程管理效用的发挥。鉴于此,文章就高校当中的修缮工程管理进行讨论,对管理过程中的相关问题加以了解,并对强化管理工作的具体措施进行探讨和描述,希望能够为相关工作的开展提供参考和借鉴。
试析房屋建筑防渗漏工程技术
Authors: 王 业辉
Published: December 2019

在房屋建筑工程施工中,防渗漏处理是工程管理的重点内容。如果防渗漏处理不到位,将会直接影响房屋建筑质量。对此,本文围绕房屋建筑防渗漏工程技术展开论述,旨在为业内人士提供参考意见。
建筑工程钢筋检测试验的方法探究
Authors: 姜 宏
Published: December 2019

使用一整套科学严谨的手段去检测建筑工程钢筋,并严格按要求将建筑钢筋进行准确的检验,将使得工程建筑中所采用的建筑钢筋得到合格的安全保障。一方面不仅使建筑物达到使用的安全标准,也使得在工程建筑中的安全隐患大大减少。使人身安全和资金投入得到保证。
小型水利工程施工现场质量管理的改进
Authors: 李 云峰
Published: December 2019

小型水利工程不仅是农业生产必不可少的基础设施,同时也是维持日常生活的必要条件,与经济发展和民生保障息息相关。为此,本文论述了小型水利工程质量管理的基本概念,分析了小型水利工程质量管理环节存在的问题,然后提出了相应的改进策略,以供借鉴。
人力资源管理部门绩效评价途径分析
Authors: 赵 秀明 , 乔 兵 , 王 建
Published: December 2019

随着社会经济的发展,企业之间的市场竞争越来越激烈。每个企业都在寻求一条稳定的发展之路,人力资源优势已经成为企业间竞争的关键。人力资源管理中的绩效评估是一个正式的员工评估系统,是业务经理和员工之间进行有效沟通的重要活动。本文阐述了人力资源管理部门绩效考核的内涵,分析了目前企业绩效考核管理中存在的问题,并对改进绩效考核管理的有效途径进行了具体研究。
桥梁施工中混凝土裂缝的原因及对策研究
Authors: 李 子木
Published: December 2019

混凝土施工裂缝控制在桥梁工程中是非常重要的环节,其对整个桥梁的质量有着直接影响。如果对其处理不当,就会导致桥梁倒塌。鉴于此,本文就桥梁施工中混凝土裂缝的原因及对策展开探讨,以期为相关工作起到参考作用。
交通机电工程项目的质量管理探讨
Authors: 毛 峰
Published: December 2019

我们每个人,都能意识到交通道路在建设中的重要意义,但是很多人都忽略了交通工程管理在交通建设中重要作用。交通机电工程是重要的高新技术工程,其质量的优化控制关系着交通基建工作的进一步开展。本文将总结交通机电工程施工过程的质量管理经验,交通机电工程项目的质量管理进行分析,为今后的公路建设提供参考和借鉴。
建筑消防施工中的注意问题浅析
Authors: 衡 小艳
Published: December 2019

在建筑工程施工中,消防施工是十分重要的内容,消防施工的质量决定了建筑物及人员的安全。因此,采取有效措施保证建筑消防施工的质量,准确把握建筑消防施工中需要注意的问题,具有十分积极的现实意义。
建筑工程现场施工监理质量控制分析
Authors: 谢 忠贵
Published: December 2019

本篇文章首先对建筑工程现场施工监理质量控制的意义进行阐述,从监理体系问题、组织机构问题、人员水平问题三个方面,对建筑工程现场施工监理质量控制存在的问题进行解析,并以此为依据,提出建筑工程现场施工监理质量控制要点。
建筑工程项目全过程造价控制及其管理
Authors: 邰 沐芸
Published: December 2019

建筑工程项目的可持续发展离不开造价的合理管控,只有保证造价的管理优化才能实现建筑工程项目的可靠保证,以及工程项目的合理发展。本文就建筑工程项目全过程造价控制及其管理进行分析,希望可以为建筑工程的发展提供借鉴。
常州市杨桥传统村落保护发展研究
Authors: 刘 巧玲 , 闫 爱宾
Published: December 2019

本文以常州市杨桥传统村落为例,对其现状进行实地调研,在对其基本现状、古镇(街区)布局、空间特色、建筑特色、营造工艺、非物质文化特色、保护现状与问题等深入了解的基础上,提出新的保护与发展建议。
建筑工程中高大模板支撑体系质量与安全的控制要点
Authors: 张 新力
Published: December 2019

近年来,城市化发展速度明显加快,进一步促进了现代建筑行业的进步,实现了建筑功能的多样性。且高层、超高层建筑与大跨度建筑数量显著增加,直接提高了模板工程的建设要求,特别是高大模板支撑体系的应用,对于高层建筑和大跨度建筑结构的作用十分关键。但高大模板支撑体系工艺复杂度较高,要求施工作业人员能够灵活掌握,采取必要的质量控制措施,以确保施工现场的安全性。基于此,文章将建筑工程高大模板支撑体系作为主要研究内容,重点阐述其质量与安全控制要点,希望有所帮助。
建筑地基基础工程施工技术探究
Authors: 赵 益博 , 陈 伟 , 苏 晨
Published: December 2019

建筑施工质量的优劣与人们生活水平的高低密切相关。在工程项目中,在满足工程施工质量的基础上提高美观性已成为业内工作人员关注的焦点话题。然而在工程项目中,如何保证施工质量,首先需要在施工中加大地基建设和施工管理要求,这主要是由于地基是整个工程的基础结构,其质量关系到整个建筑物质量。本文对建筑地基基础工程施工技术进行了探讨,供参考。
大型衡器检测方法的相关探讨
Authors: 马 爱民
Published: December 2019

随着大型衡器的不断增多,其检测工作也受到了越来越多的关注和重视,相应的检测方法逐渐增加。本文就对常用的检测方法进行分析探讨,以供参考。
房屋渗漏的维修措施分析
Authors: 张 雪岩
Published: December 2019

当前房屋质量问题成为大众关注的焦点,在房屋质量问题中房屋渗漏问题所占比例较大,一旦房屋在使用过程中发生渗漏,其对房屋使用寿命及人们的正常生活带来较大的影响。因此针对于房屋渗漏的原因进行分析,并积极采取有效的措施来做好房屋渗漏的维修工作,以此来保证房屋的质量和延长房屋使用寿命。
土木工程施工中的材料选择及质量控制措施
Authors: 韦 程皓
Published: December 2019

随着我国的生产力的快速发展,也为了满足人民对现阶段的生活、工作环境的提高,我国的土木建筑行业也在飞速的发展,但随着飞速发展的而来的也是诸多问题。施工中的材料选择和质量控制措施尤为关键。本文对土木工程施工中材料选择和质量控制措施进行讨论,进而加以改进。
建筑工程项目造价预结算审核工作要点的分析
Authors: 王 怡璇
Published: December 2019

建筑工程项目造价预结算审核工作是一项技巧性、知识性、专业性很强的工作,为了充分发挥作用,本文阐述了建筑工程项目造价预结算审核工作的重要性与方法,对建筑工程项目造价预结算审核工作要点进行了探讨分析。
探析高层房建项目工程的隐框玻璃幕墙安装施工
Authors: 张 席铭
Published: December 2019

隐框玻璃幕墙属于高层建筑外围墙的围护结构,随着科技的进步发展,使得隐框玻璃幕墙工程在现代高层房建项目工程中得到广泛应用,因此为了保障高层房建项目工程中的隐框玻璃幕墙施工质量,本文概述了隐框玻璃幕墙,对高层房建项目工程中的隐框玻璃幕墙安装施工要点进行了探讨分析。
对建筑电气工程安装施工管理的分析
Authors: 方 利强 , 王 允
Published: December 2019

随着我国现代化建设的不断发展,城乡居民的生活水平不断提升对于建筑电气工程安装施工管理也提出了越来越高的要求。因此,本文详细介绍了建筑电气工程安装施工管理普遍存在的问题,并提出了相应的解决策略。
建筑工程技术管理的问题导向与提升
Authors: 徐 武 , 雷 雪芳
Published: December 2019

房屋工程技术管理主要是通过对施工中各项技术活动要素进行系统化管理,并利用管理的职能与科学的方法来保证建筑施工技术工作顺利地、科学地、有秩序地开展,所以说房屋工程技术管理是实现施工项目控制目标的必要手段,同时还是保证工程施工进度、质量安全、成本节约的重要措施。
银川市城市步行和自行车交通系统研究与规划
Authors: 刘 东平
Published: December 2019

本文在掌握银川城市现状330余条道路情况的前提下,充分尊重银川市历史文脉、自然生态环境、城市滨水空间格局等,分析了银川市现状步行和自行车交通系统发展的客观条件及存在问题,对步行、自行车通行和绿道进行了系统的发展研究并提出合理空间布局。
论超声波探伤技术在建筑钢结构焊缝检测中的应用
Authors: 曾 凡祥
Published: December 2019

建筑行业飞快发展,促使配套的技术和工艺发展和完善,钢结构凭借独特的优势广泛应用到建筑工程建设中。但是,由于建筑钢结构自身特性,施工难度较大,技术应用受影响因素众多,尤其是在钢结构焊接中,可能由于工艺操作不当出现焊缝缺陷问题,极大的影响到整体的焊接质量。故此,需要做好钢结构的焊缝检测,选择超声波探伤技术,可以在满足焊缝检测需要同时,规避对钢结构原本性质的破坏,属于无损检测技术。本文就建筑钢结构焊缝检测中超声波探伤技术的应用进行探究,把握技术要点,分析常见的缺陷所在,灵活运用超声波探伤技术到实处。
水利水电工程施工现场安全管理分析
Authors: 吴 卫民
Published: December 2019

在水利水电工程建设中,加强对水利水电工程施工现场的安全管理,能够提高施工单位的管理水平,保证水利水电工程的质量和施工人员的安全。为了能够保障施工人员的生命安全,使施工能够顺利进行,就需要加强对施工现场的安全管理,以此来避免施工现场出现安全事故,进一步保证水利水电工程的质量,为我国水利水电工程的发展作出贡献。
装配式框架结构施工技术与创新
Authors: 杨 正丽 , 杨 正华 , 黄 勇 , 朱 一平
Published: December 2019

装配式建筑(混凝土结构)项目作为建筑产业现代化的重要建造方式,与传统方式相比,具有工艺要求高、掌握关键技术的企业少、推广初期造价高等特点。我公司受邀参加了科创中心(1#—8#、地下车库)工程投标,并中标该项目。项目承接后,查找能够指导梁、柱、板、楼梯为预制的装配式框架结构施工技术文件少,我公司没有类似的工程施工经验,项目部通过学习装配式施工相关技术资料、施工视频,从跟踪深化设计、构件生产、人员培训入手,积极探索与实践,成功地进行了该项目的装配式施工,通过整理、总结形成装配式框架结构施工技术,为今后遇到类似工程施工提供参考,为装配式工程总承包工程提供项目开展的经验。
城市道路桥梁施工质量控制与管理
Authors: 张 波
Published: December 2019

城市道路桥梁工程对我国的社会经济的发展有着非常重要的作用,它是城市不断发展和人们工作生活中的重要组成部分。为了可以有效的提升城市道路桥梁的施工质量,必须进一步的加强施工过程中的质量管理与质量控制,通过科学、合理的管理控制来有效地避免道路桥梁施工可能出现的问题。
浅析市政施工中地下管线施工技术研究
Authors: 纪 贤远 , 李 拯华
Published: December 2019

随着我国城市化进程的不断加快,市政工程建设项目越来越多,其中地下管线施工技术是市政工程建设项目中的一个重点及难点之一,地下管线包括水管、暖气管、各种通讯线路等等,它覆盖区域广,牵涉面多,如果管线分布情况缺乏科学性,施工质量达不到标准,将会大大影响人们的日常生活,同时也会增加施工成本,因此,地下管线的施工技術就显得越来越重要了。
道路路基路面工程设计要点
Authors: 刘 士全
Published: December 2019

社会经济快速发展,交通量随之升高,对道路工程质量提出了严格要求。而路基作为道路工程中重要部分之一,路基施工质量决定了工程整个施工效率和质量。因此,在道路工程施工建设中,应结合工程实际情况,由专业人员进行施工设计和规划,并加强路基施工质量管理,选择最佳施工技术和工作,保证路基施工质量。本文根据道路工程路基路面施工要求,探究道路工程路基路面设计要点。
如何做好建筑工程施工管理
Authors: 王 敏
Published: December 2019

建筑工程施工管理虽然是一项较为复杂的工作,不过对于建筑工程质量、进度、成本都有着一定的管控力度,能够有效提升建筑工程的综合效益。不过现阶段建筑工程施工管理中还存在一些问题有待解决。本文就对建筑工程施工管理进行探讨分析,并提出合理的改进措施。
环境监测手段在生态环保中的重要性
Authors: 仲 晓芳 , 康 利华 , 丰 硕
Published: December 2019

环境监测信息的准确性以及信息的分析是监测工作中非常关键的产品,也是环境问题分析的重要前提。监测数据的获取是环境监测的直接目的,与此同时,还要把监测监督与考核的机制建立起来,把质量控制的考核与评价体系建立起来,把质量巡查的工作开展起来。
新政策形势下抽水蓄能工程造价管理与控制要点
Authors: 濮 奇浩
Published: December 2019

由于近些年来我国电力事业的发展十分迅猛,促进了越来越多地域开始发展火力发电、风力发电,但是由于不同地域之间的资源矛盾,随之而来的是各种电网调峰矛盾。对此,抽水蓄能电站工程的建设必要性逐渐被人们所发现,国家也对此极其重视,甚至以多项政策文件刺激抽水蓄能工程量的进一步提升。本文基于新政策形势下,对现有的抽水蓄能工程造价管理与控制提出几点建议与思考,望能够帮助我国众多抽水蓄能工程提高相应的工程造价管控质量。
地下水环境监测技术的研究
Authors: 陈 侃 , 黄 诚浩
Published: December 2019

地下水环境在城市发展中的供水、排水、调节温度等内容上都有着很大意义。为了更好地利用水资源,需要不断提升我国水环境监测技术。基于此,本文分析了地下水环境监测技术。
Work Ability Index (WAI): A Comparison between High School and Vocational School Graduates in the Modern Machinery Industry
Authors: Hidayat Syamsul , Saleh Muhammad
Published: December 2019

This study aims to understand the presence or absence of work skills between high school and vocational school in the modern machinery industry and to know the workforce in the modern machinery industry can also help high school workers. This research method is a quantitative study with interviews with workers in companies in the Banten region, after data collection has been processed using different tests with the SPSS program. The analysis test uses the normality test and the different test uses the Mann Whitney U Test. The results showed the technical competence difference between High School and Vocational School, while Conceptual Ability and Social Ability had no difference between the  High School and Vocational School  workforce in the modern machinery industry. The workforce collected by high schools wins workers in the manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries. The next discussion is discussed in this article.
Koncepcja pomiaru efektywności z inwestycji w badania marketingowe
Authors: Ratajczak-Mrozek Milena 
Published: December 2019

W niniejszym artykule autor koncentruje się na zagadnieniach dotyczących analizy efektywności badań marketingowych w firmach. W tekście zwraca szczególną uwagę na konieczność implementacji i przeprowadzania w organizacjach analizy ekonomicznej oraz kontroli wydatkowania środków na tę sferę działalności przedsiębiorstwa. Efektywność badań marketingowych omawiana jest z perspektywy stopnia zmienności ponoszonych przez firmę kosztów badawczych, metod obliczania oraz funkcji analiz statystycznych. Zakres omawianych zagadnień uwzględnia także metody optymalnej alokacji środków finansowych na badania w budżecie marketingowym. (abstrakt oryginalny)
Koncepcje struktur organizacyjnych w turbulentnym otoczeniu
Authors: Brzeziński Marek 
Published: December 2019

Artykuł zawiera teorie (modele) stosunków organizacji z otoczeniem: teorię sytuacyjną, teorię instytucjonalną, teorię ekologii populacji, teorię uzależnienia od zasobów, ekonomię kosztów transakcyjnych, teorię agencji oraz model M.E. Portera. Artykuł prezentuje także propozycje struktur organizacyjnych elastycznych, adekwatnych do dynamicznego (turbulentnego) otoczenia: strukturę macierzową, organizację uczącą się, organizację inteligentną, strukturę zespołów zadaniowych (projektowych), strukturę sieciową, strukturę wirtualną, strukturę procesową, projektowanie struktury i schematów organizacji międzynarodowych oraz model organizacji fraktalnej. (abstrakt oryginalny)
Skuteczność zarządzania wiedzą - wskaźniki i sposoby pomiaru
Authors: Łysik Krzysztof 
Published: December 2019

W dobie globalizacji i gospodarki opartej na wiedzy skuteczne zarządzanie wiedzą powinno stanowić jedno z kluczowych działań przedsiębiorstw. Mimo że w licznych przedsiębiorstwach wdrożono strategię (strategie) zarządzania wiedzą i skoncentrowano się na usprawnianiu procesów wiedzy, to dla wielu zarządzanie wiedzą, jak i ocena jego skuteczności, wciąż stanowią poważne wyzwanie. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżenie problemów związanych z pomiarem skuteczności zarządzania wiedzą oraz identyfikacja wybranych wskaźników i sposobów pomiaru skuteczności zarządzania wiedzą. (abstrakt oryginalny)
Budżetowanie zadaniowe w wyższych szkołach publicznych
Authors: Ujwary-Gil Anna 
Published: December 2019

Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jaki sposób nowoczesne metody zarządzania implementowane są do jednej z najważniejszych dziedzin gospodarki, jaką jest nauka. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono budżetowaniu zadaniowemu w publicznych szkołach wyższych, które wynika z przepisów prawa. Ponadto w artykule przedstawiono propozycję wieloblokowego rachunku kosztów i wyników dla jednego z najważniejszych rodzajów działalności uczelni, jakim jest kształcenie. (abstrakt oryginalny)
Unlock imagined: arts in criminal justice
Authors: Frater Alison
Published: December 2019

Starting with a personal perspective this piece outlines the place and role of the arts in the criminal justice system in the UK. It paints an optimistic picture, though an unsettling one, because the imagination and reflexiveness of the arts reveals a great deal about the causes of crime and the consequences of incarceration. It raises questions about the transforming impact of the arts: how the benefits could, and should, be optimised and why evaluations of arts interventions are consistent in identifying the need for a non-coercive, more socially focused, paradigm for rehabilitation. It concludes that the deeper the arts are embedded in the criminal justice system the greater the benefits will be, that a more interdisciplinary approach would support better theoretical understanding, and that increased capacity to deliver arts in the criminal justice system is needed to offer more people a creative pathway out of crime.
Distribution and characterization of Aegilops cylindrica host from Iran
Authors: Bakhshi Behnam , Aghaei Mohammad Jaffar , Zarifi Eissa , Bihamta Mohammad Reza , Fard Ehsan Mohseni , Rad Mohammad Reza Naroui
Published: December 2019

Jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host; 2n = 4x = 28, CcCcDcDc) is a tetraploid remote relative of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L; 2n=6x=42, AABBDD) with two genomes and 28 chromosomes. The diversity center of this species is in the Fertile Crescent and in central Asia and could also be found in many places in Iran. In this experiment, 359 accessions provided by National Plant Gene Bank of Iran (NPGBI) were used. Based on the geographical distribution, the highest distribution of A. cylindrica is found in North, West and North-West regions of Iran. The data on the distribution of A. cylindrica showed that its distribution centers in Iran are more than those reported in the previous studies. Chromosome counting showed that all A. cylindrica accessions are tetraploid (2n=4x=28). Results of factor analysis for nine morphological chromosome traits showed that karyotypic variation within accessions are related to the length of chromosomes and there is difference between the accessions for their total chromosome length, but the karyotype of different accessions are almost the same for the symmetry. Low coefficient of variation in morphological traits as well as symmetric karyotypes of A. cylindrica species observed in this study could lead us to predict that A. cylindrica could be a recently evolved species among the remote relatives of bread wheat.