bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Late adult‐onset epilepsy in a patient with hemimegalencephaly
Authors: Climans Seth A. , Mirsattari Seyed M.
Published: January 2024

Hemimegalencephaly is a malformation of cortical development that normally manifests in childhood with seizures and cognitive impairment. We present a case of hemimegalencephaly in a 55‐year‐old developmentally‐normal woman who developed focal impaired awareness seizures with bilateral tonic‐clonic spread. Her interictal EEG showed left‐sided multifocal spikes, and ictal EEG showed seizures starting in the left hemisphere. Imaging showed hemimegalencephaly. This case may represent the oldest age for a first seizure in a patient with hemimegalencephaly.
Semiology of hyperkinetic seizures of frontalversustemporal lobe origin
Authors: Nitta Naoki , Usui Naotaka , Kondo Akihiko , Tottori Takayasu , Terada Kiyohito , Araki Yasukiyo , Nakaoka Kentaro , Kawaguchi Norihiko , Idebuchi Genichi , Nozaki Kazuhiko , Inoue Yushi
Published: January 2024

Aims. Hyperkinetic seizures are usually associated with frontal lobe epilepsy. However, some patients have hyperkinetic seizures of temporal lobe origin. The semiological differences in hyperkinetic seizures between frontal and temporal lobe epilepsy have not been well studied. Here, we retrospectively assessed ictal semiology in order to distinguish between hyperkinetic seizures of frontal lobe origin and those of temporal lobe origin.

Methods. We retrospectively reviewed data on patients who had undergone surgery for hyperkinetic seizures of temporal or frontal lobe origin and achieved favourable seizure outcomes (Engel Class I) with a minimum postoperative follow‐up of 24 months. We reviewed seizure histories, imaging reports, video‐EEG monitoring data, operative records, and pathological findings. We analysed and compared the hyperkinetic semiology of video‐recorded seizures of temporal lobe origin and those of frontal lobe origin.

Results. Forty hyperkinetic seizures in eight patients (seven adult patients and one 12‐year‐old patient) with temporal lobe epilepsy and 45 hyperkinetic seizures in nine patients (eight adult patients and one 16‐year‐old patient) with frontal lobe epilepsy were analysed. Emotional facial expressions (such as fear, laughing, or anger), bilateral forceful elbow flexion, bilateral forceful grasping, facial flushing, and bilateral facial contraction were observed significantly more frequently in seizures of frontal lobe origin. Oroalimentary automatisms, seizures during wakefulness, salivation, and bilateral drop of the corners of the mouth were observed significantly more frequently in seizures of temporal lobe origin.

Conclusions. Observation of a number of signs during hyperkinetic manifestations may help to predict whether a seizure originates from the frontal lobe or the temporal lobe.
Encephalopathy with continuous spike‐waves during slow‐wave sleep: evolution and prognosis
Authors: Caraballo Roberto , Pavlidis Elena , Nikanorova Marina , Loddenkemper Tobias
Published: January 2024

Encephalopathy with continuous spike‐waves during slow‐wave sleep (CSWS) evolves over time, and three stages can be recognized: before the onset of CSWS, during CSWS, and after the CSWS period. Clinical seizures tend to remit spontaneously around puberty. This pattern is independent of the etiological lesion. The CSWS also disappears in all cases. Focal abnormalities instead, may persist for some time after the disappearance of CSWS. The disappearance of the clinical seizures and CSWS may be simultaneous or seizures may disappear before or after disappearance of the CSWS pattern on the EEG.

Electroclinical parameters in the pre‐CSWS period that have been proposed to predict a poor outcome are early‐onset seizures, appearance of new seizures, and a significant increase in seizure frequency. From the electrical point of view, an increase in the frequency of the interictal EEG paroxysms while awake and during sleep and bilateral spike‐and‐wave paroxysms may also be predictive of a poor evolution in CSWS.

When CSWS disappears, neurocognitive and behavioral status improve, but in most patients, residual moderate to severe neurocognitive impairments remain. In non‐lesional epilepsy, cognitive recovery after cessation of the CSWS depends on the severity and duration of the initial regression.

The duration of the CSWS seems to be the most important predictor of cognitive outcome. Early recognition and effective therapy to reduce the seizures and resolve the CSWS may be crucial to improve long‐term prognosis. Cognitive recovery is observed in patients who respond well to AED treatment and outcome depends on the etiology.
EEG features in Encephalopathy related to Status Epilepticus during slow Sleep
Authors: Gardella Elena , Cantalupo Gaetano , Larsson Pål G. , Fontana Elena , Bernardina Bernardo dalla , Rubboli Guido , Darra Francesca
Published: January 2024

Encephalopathy related to Status Epilepticus during slow Sleep (ESES) is a peculiar electro‐clinical condition, with variable etiologies, characterized by an age‐dependent phenomenon of extreme activation of epileptic activity during sleep, i.e. “status epilepticus during sleep”, that is strictly associated with the appearance of cognitive and behavioral disturbances. Even though the peculiar EEG picture is fundamental for the diagnosis of ESES, clear‐cut and shared diagnostic criteria for defining the EEG boundaries of this syndrome are still lacking. The diagnosis of ESES can be further complicated by the variability of the EEG findings, that during the course of the disease can change from diffuse to more or less focal and viceversa, depending both on the spontaneous clinical evolution of this condition and/or on the effects of medications. Given the complexity and the heterogeneity of EEG parameters during the ESES course, it is important to correlate the EEG findings with the concomitant cognitive and behavioral status, possibly taking into account not only the spike‐wave index, but also other parameters, such as for instance the topography of the epileptic abnormalities, their patterns of spread, and their fluctuations over time.

Moreover, the epileptiform activity not only during sleep, but also during wakefulness, the presence of focal slowing, the organization of the EEG background and a derangement of the sleep architecture may play a role in determining the clinical picture.
Cognitive impairment and behavioral disorders in Encephalopathy related to Status Epilepticus during slow Sleep: diagnostic assessment and outcome
Authors: Arzimanoglou Alexis , Cross Helen J.
Published: January 2024

Encephalopathy related to Status Epilepticus during slow Sleep (ESES) is an age‐dependent phenomenon, with usual spontaneous resolution during teenage years. However, cognitive outcome is often more disappointing, with permanent cognitive deficits in the large majority of children seen in later life. Presuming this to be an epileptic encephalopathy, current treatment practices are almost exclusively guided by the effect of the AEDs used on the degree of EEG abnormality in sleep. However, the major goal of therapy in ESES syndrome should in fact be to prevent or reduce associated cognitive and neurodevelopmental deficits. Whether or not the EEG pattern of ESES should be completely suppressed to improve cognition is unknown. Discussions on both diagnostic assessment and outcome of cognitive impairment and behavioral disorders should systematically take into account the complexity of the disorder; not only in terms of the evolution or fluctuations of the EEG patterns but also in relation to the underlying etiologies (at least lesional versus non‐lesional) and age at diagnosis. We present a common basic assessment protocol, including the minimum technical requirements for polygraphic recording, and a treatment practice protocol that could both be applied in all centres dealing with this rare form of epilepsy. Such an approach would also allow a comprehensive collection of data prospectively, for a better understanding of the natural evolution of the disorder and an evidence‐based evaluation of our practices.
Progressive intellectual impairment in children with Encephalopathy related to Status Epilepticus during slow Sleep
Authors: Dorris Liam , O’Regan Mary , Wilson Margaret , Zuberi Sameer M.
Published: January 2024

We investigated whether Encephalopathy related to Status Epilepticus during slow Sleep (ESES) in childhood was associated with progressive intellectual decline. Participants were identified from the caseload of a single paediatric neurosciences centre and EEG department. A retrospective review of overnight sleep EEG reports (n=2200) over a five‐year period identified twenty‐two children as having the neurophysiological characteristics of ESES. All had repeat neuropsychological assessment using the WISC‐III (UK) and/or WPPSI‐R (UK). There was a statistically significant reduction in Full‐Scale IQ and Performance IQ across a mean and median time interval of two years. Around a third of the participants showed a clinically significant regression in intellectual functioning evidenced by =>12‐point reduction in IQ. These patients were not distinguishable from the rest of the cohort in terms of clinical history, imaging or duration of ESES. The reduction in IQ reflected reduced processing speed, working memory and overall cognitive efficiency. Children with a history of ESES require close monitoring in order to support educational planning and provide families with accurate information about prognosis.
Magnetoencephalogram‐assisted diagnosis of familial focal epilepsy with variable foci in a Chinese family with a novel DEPDC5 mutation
Authors: Li Mingyu , Huang Zhaoyang , Zhang Xiating , Duan Yiran , Jia Yu , Ye Jing , Wang Yuping
Published: January 2024

Familial focal epilepsy with variable foci (FFEVF) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by focal seizures arising from different brain lobes in different family members. Currently, the diagnosis of this syndrome mainly depends on the combination of semiology and EEG after exclusion of other types of familial focal epilepsy. Mutations in dishevelled, Egl‐10, and pleckstrin domain‐containing protein 5 (DEPDC5) have been recently identified as a common cause of this syndrome. We studied a Chinese four‐generation FFEVF family with nine affected individuals. Targeted next‐generation sequencing was performed for the proband and the suspected mutation was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was applied to two MRI‐negative patients with refractory epilepsy. We identified a novel splice site mutation in DEPDC5 (c.280‐1 G>A) in this family. The MEG results showed different dipole‐clustered areas in these two patients. This is the first report of the use of MEG to confirm a diagnosis of FFEVF, in a Chinese family with a novel DEPDC5 mutation. Furthermore, the MEG results also revealed the possibility of surgical resection for these two intractable patients.
Ictal cerebral haemodynamic characteristics during typical absence seizures, compared to focal seizures with brief alteration of awareness
Authors: Peng Bingwei , Dai Jin , Li Jialing , Liang Cuifang , Liang Xiuqiong
Published: January 2024

Aims. To investigate ictal cerebral haemodynamic characteristics during spontaneous typical absence seizures (TAS) and hyperventilation‐evoked absence seizures in paediatric patients, relative to brief complex partial seizures (BCPS).

Methods. All children diagnosed with seizures using real‐time transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) and sleep‐deprived video‐EEG (vEEG) from 2015 to 2017 in our hospital were included. The seizures were diagnosed based on the video and EEG findings. Mean cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFVm) of the unilateral middle cerebral artery was measured using TCD. TCD and vEEG data were integrated for a synchronous assessment of CBFVm changes and epileptic status. Baseline and peak CBFVm for TAS and BCPS were compared by T‐test.

Results. Six children (two boys and four girls) with TAS and two girls with BCPS were enrolled. A total of 15 spontaneous TAS, 14 hyperventilation‐evoked absence seizures, and six BCPS were recorded using real‐time TCD‐vEEG monitoring. During spontaneous TAS, whether awake or asleep, the CBFVm decreased by 20–40% compared to baseline. During hyperventilation‐evoked absence seizures and BCPS, the CBFVm increased by 50–150% and 20–30% over baseline levels, respectively.

Conclusions. The haemodynamic characteristics during TAS and BCPS are distinct, and thus our results may provide a new method to diagnose typical absence seizures using dynamic CBFVm curves. Ictal cerebral haemodynamic characteristics during spontaneous typical absence seizures and hyperventilation‐evoked absence seizures may reflect different pathophysiological mechanisms and networks compared with BCPS.
When the brain hurts the heart: status epilepticus inducing tako‐tsubo cardiomyopathy
Authors: Giovannini Giada , Grassi Laura , Vincenzi Chiara , Mirandola Laura , Meletti Stefano
Published: January 2024

Aims. Tako‐tsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is a transient myocardial dysfunction mainly affecting the left ventricle, mimicking an acute coronary syndrome. This condition can be precipitated either by psychological/physical stressful events or by a number of medical conditions among which are seizures and status epilepticus (SE). The evolution is mostly favourable but sometimes TTC can evolve into life‐threatening conditions.

Methods. We searched for cases of TTC among all consecutive SE episodes observed at our department during the period 2013–2018. In addition, we searched MEDLINE (accessed through PubMed from inception to August 31, 2018) to identify reports of patients with TTC associated with an SE episode.

Results. Three TTC cases among 392 SE episodes were identified. Adding our cases to those previously reported, overall, we identified 45 cases of TTC induced by SE. The majority were females of around 60 years of age experiencing a first episode of SE with prominent motor phenomena, mostly in the context of remote aetiology. The most frequent presenting symptom was mild hypotension but cases with a severe presentation were also reported. The overall evolution was positive in all cases but some severe complications such as pulmonary oedema, cardiogenic shock, ventricular fibrillation, and a giant apical thrombus were also reported (19%).

Conclusions. TTC may be a rare potentially life‐threatening consequence of SE. It is frequently unrecognized, and therefore underdiagnosed. Clinicians dealing with SE should be aware of this entity.
Ictal atrial fibrillation during focal seizures: a case report and literature review
Authors: Basili Luca M. , Morano Alessandra , Fattouch Jinane , Fanella Martina , Albini Mariarita , Avorio Federica , Irelli Emanuele Cerulli , Manfredi Mario , Urani Claudia , Strano Stefano , Giallonardo Anna T. , Di Bonaventura Carlo
Published: January 2024

Cardiac arrhythmias are a common but often overlooked symptom that occur during or after epileptic seizures. The characterization of seizure‐related heart rhythm disorders could shed light on the functional organization of the so‐called “central autonomic network” and possibly on the pathophysiology of sudden death of epilepsy patients (SUDEP). Indeed, epileptic discharges may affect the heart through the involvement of cortical regions selectively driving autonomic functions. Ictal atrial fibrillation is an exceedingly rare phenomenon, usually associated with generalized tonic‐clonic seizures. Here, we report a case of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation as a core presenting feature of a focal non‐motor seizure in a 68‐year‐old man, at first misdiagnosed and treated for a typical cardiogenic arrhythmia. A brief literature review is included.
An embarrassing aura
Authors: Lacazette Laura , Boucher Olivier , Mohamed Ismail , Bouthillier Alain , Nguyen Dang Khoa
Published: January 2024

We report the case of a patient with epilepsy who described shame and embarrassment at the beginning of his seizures. Non‐invasive and invasive presurgical investigations led to resection of the polar and ventromedial portions of the right frontal lobe. Following the surgery, the patient continued to have seizures, albeit only nocturnal and with no clear aura. Subsequent removal of the right anterior insula at the junction with the frontal operculum and the posterior orbitofrontal cortex led to seizure freedom, but the patient reported a loss of motivation and stamina and was declared unfit for work. The underlying network of negative moral emotions is briefly discussed.
The epileptogenic zone in pharmaco‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy with amygdala enlargement
Authors: Suzuki Hiroharu , Sugano Hidenori , Nakajima Madoka , Higo Takuma , Iimura Yasushi , Mitsuhashi Takumi , Fusegi Keiko , Kakita Akiyoshi , Otsubo Hiroshi , Arai Hajime
Published: January 2024

Aims. Temporal lobe epilepsy with amygdala enlargement (TLE‐AE) has been considered a subtype of TLE. We evaluated the epileptogenic zone in patients with TLE‐AE, who underwent intracranial video‐EEG (ivEEG) and/or intraoperative electrocorticography (ioECoG) as well as epilepsy surgery.

Methods. Eleven patients with TLE‐AE were enrolled and investigated based on seizure profile, volumetric MRI, the Wechsler Memory Scale‐Revised (WMS‐R), the location of seizure onset zone (SOZ) and irritative zone (IZ) based on ivEEG (n=8), the location of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) based on ioECoG (11), surgical procedure, and seizure outcome.

Results. The mean age at seizure onset was 34.9 years (range: 23–57). The mean duration of seizures was 5.0 years (range: 1–10). The number of AEDs was 2.3 (range: 1–5). The mean seizure frequency was nine per month (range: 1–30/month). All patients presented with focal impaired awareness seizures with (n=9) and without (2) secondary generalized convulsions. Volumetric MRI analysis showed unilateral enlarged amygdala with statistical significance (p<0.01). None of the patients' hippocampi had any abnormality based on MRI. Pre‐operative mean verbal, visual, and delayed recall scores based on the WMS‐R were over 100. The SOZ and IZ were identified in both the amygdala and hippocampus in seven patients and in only the amygdala in one patient based on ivEEG. IEDs were identified in the hippocampus in six patients and in both the amygdala and hippocampus in four patients based on ioECoG. All 11 patients underwent anterior temporal lobectomy, including amygdala resection, with multiple hippocampal transections (dominant hemisphere: seven patients) and resection (non‐dominant hemisphere: three patients). Nine (81.8%) of 11 patients achieved seizure freedom with a mean follow‐up of 26 months (range: 12–47). Post‐operative WMS‐R results did not show any significant deterioration, with a mean follow‐up of 15 months (range: 12–24). The resected amygdala showed no histopathological abnormality.

Conclusion. The epileptogenic zone of TLE‐AE involves both the amygdala and hippocampus. ivEEG may be needed to explore the SOZ in normal hippocampus in addition to enlarged amygdala. Amygdala resection and multiple hippocampal transections may control the epileptogenic limbic system and save memory function in patients with TLE‐AE.
Genetic literacy series: clinical application of pharmacogenetics for adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs
Authors: Zhang Zhongbin , Wu Ye , Tan Nigel CK. , Jiang Yuwu ,   and the ILAE Genetics Commission#
Published: January 2024

Adverse drug reactions are a leading cause of treatment failure with antiepileptic drugs. Adverse drug reactions are also a major source of morbidity and mortality, and a substantial burden on the use and costs of health care. Recent pharmacogenetic studies have shown that some adverse drug reactions are associated with genetic variants, which has changed how we select antiepileptic drugs for individual patients. This article, beginning with a case of an adverse drug reaction induced by carbamazepine, will answer four key questions about pharmacogenetics of adverse drug reactions: (1) What types of adverse drug reactions can be caused by antiepileptic drugs? (2) What is pharmacogenetics? (3) How does pharmacogenetics play a role in the adverse drug reactions of antiepileptic drugs? and (4) How do we apply pharmacogenetic testing in clinical practice? Our goal is to increase awareness of the contributions of genetic variation to adverse drug reactions of antiepileptic drugs.
Intermittent photic stimulation‐provoked seizure associated with ictal asystole
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Liu Yonghong
Published: January 2024

Content available: Video
GAD65‐Ab encephalitis and subtle focal status epilepticus
Authors: Goudot Mathilde , Frismand Solène , Hopes Lucie , Verger Antoine , Joubert Bastien , Honnorat Jérôme , Tyvaert Louise
Published: January 2024

Aims. To delineate common epilepsy features associated with the presence of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GAD65‐Ab).

Methods. Three consecutive cases of GAD65‐Ab encephalitis patients, followed in our neurological department, were investigated with regards to clinical semiology and EEG.

Results. These patients presented new‐onset subtle ictal clinical features. Patients 1 and 2 described prolonged and transitory feelings of “déjà vu ‐ déjà vécu” and a “dreamy state”. Patient 3 was admitted for subsequent transient aphasia events followed by paroxysmal behavioural disturbances.

Epileptic origin of the symptoms was confirmed using either a standard EEG (observation of temporal status epilepticus in one case) or a prolonged EEG (focal epileptiform activity during an asymptomatic period for two patients). All patients suffered from clinical focal status epilepticus. Patients 1 and 2 presented with temporo‐mesial seizures in agreement with the definition for limbic encephalitis, whereas Patient 3 presented with neocortical (lateral temporal and frontal lobe) seizures arguing for a non‐limbic encephalitis. A high level of GAD65‐Ab was found in cerebral spinal fluid, confirming a diagnosis of epilepsy associated with GAD65‐Ab encephalitis.

Conclusion. Encephalitis seems to be a frequent neurological syndrome associated with GAD65‐Ab disorders. Epilepsy may be more frequent and severe than currently suggested, as ictal semiology may be subtle for these outpatients in whom standard EEG is commonly falsely reassuring. Subtle focal status epilepticus is a particular semiology of the GAD65‐Ab encephalitis spectrum.
Paroxysmal non‐epileptic events in infancy: five cases with typical features
Authors: Nagy Eszter , Hollody Katalin
Published: January 2024

The differential diagnosis of paroxysmal non‐epileptic events in early childhood is one of the most challenging tasks in paediatrics, and may be difficult even for specialized child neurologists. Parents are usually concerned by every unusual movement of their children and consult paediatric general practitioners immediately. We investigated five infants/toddlers (aged 1–30 months) referred by their general practitioners with a suspicion of epilepsy. None of them were ultimately shown to have epilepsy. Our aim was to determine the main reasons for referral and describe, through images and video, the typical features of five non‐epileptic paroxysmal events (benign neonatal sleep myoclonus, jitteriness, shuddering attack, paroxysmal tonic upgaze, and infantile masturbation). The review of these events reveals the significance of the circumstances within the history of the patients. A detailed history is of considerable help in the differentiation of epileptic paroxysmal events from non‐epileptic events, avoiding unnecessary investigations. Video‐EEG examination is necessary only in cases when epilepsy is strongly suspected. [Published with video sequences].
Perampanel‐induced hair curling in a patient with epilepsy associated with Pitt Hopkins syndrome
Authors: Calle‐Lopez Yamile , Kotagal Prakash , Knight Elia Pestana
Published: January 2024

Antiepileptic drug side effects are frequent, 42% of them corresponding to cosmetic changes. The most frequent effects are weight gain, gingival hyperplasia, and hair loss. Hair changes in texture or colour are rarely reported in the literature. We present a case of hair curling after the introduction of perampanel. A 13‐year‐old girl with genetically confirmed Pitt‐Hopkins syndrome with uncontrolled seizures, while on treatment with levetiracetam and valproic acid, was started on perampanel, reaching seizure control. After a few weeks of the introduction of the new antiepileptic drug, she developed hair curling. Hair curling is a rare cosmetic side effect, reported mainly in patients under valproic acid treatment. Perampanel is a recently introduced pharmaceutical molecule with no prior reports of hair changes as a side effect. There is no clear explanation for this side effect, but it should be discussed with patients taking valproate whenever perampanel is added to the treatment.
Applicability and contribution of the new ILAE 2017 classification of epileptic seizures and epilepsies∗
Authors: Legnani Mariana , Bertinat Andrés , Decima Rodrigo , Demicheli Elisa , Higgie Juan R. , Preve Federico , Braga Patricia , Bogacz Alicia , Scaramelli Alejandro
Published: January 2024

Aim
. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical applicability of the 2017 ILAE classification of seizures and epilepsies through the analysis of a sample of 100 outpatients with a diagnosis of epilepsy.

Methods
. All clinical charts were reviewed applying both the 1981/1989 and 2017 classifications of seizures and epilepsies, respectively. For most focal seizures, descriptors were required to include all the relevant clinical information. The reclassification of complex partial seizures into focal seizures with impaired awareness with a motor / non‐motor onset allowed the inclusion of features of topographic value, although the chronological sequence of awareness impairment was lacking.

Results
. The use of the term “focal to bilateral tonic‐clonic” reduced the number of seizures classified as generalized tonic‐clonic seizures (GTCS) by 19%. A subset of GTCS (35%) and absence seizures (12.5%) were reclassified as seizures of unknown onset. Most focal symptomatic epilepsies (92%) were reclassified as focal structural epilepsies, while 27% of idiopathic generalized and 7% of focal cryptogenic epilepsies merged into the category of “epilepsies of unknown type”.

Conclusion
. Major strengths of the new classification are simplicity and the role of the category “unknown onset” to avoid forced categorization. A section assigned to uncertainty reinforces the need for further ancillary studies and periodic diagnostic re‐evaluation.
Benign spasms of infancy: a mimicker of infantile epileptic disorders*
Authors: Ghossein Jamie , Pohl Daniela
Published: January 2024

Benign spasms of infancy (BSI), previously described as benign non‐epileptic infantile spasms or benign myoclonus of early infancy, are non‐epileptic movements manifesting during the first year of life and spontaneously resolving in the second year of life. BSI are characterized by spasms typically lasting 1–2 seconds, involving, to varying degrees, the head, neck, trunk, shoulders and upper extremities. Ictal and interictal EEG recordings are normal. BSI are not associated with developmental regression and do not require treatment. Distinction between BSI and infantile epileptic disorders, such as epileptic spasms or myoclonic epilepsy of infancy, can be challenging given the clinical similarities. Moreover, interictal EEGs can be normal in all conditions. Epileptic spasms and myoclonic epilepsy require timely treatment to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes. We describe a six‐month‐old infant presenting with spasm‐like movements. His paroxysms as well as a positive family history for epileptic spasms were in keeping with a likely diagnosis of West syndrome. Surprisingly, ictal video‐EEG did not reveal epileptiform activity, and suggested a diagnosis of BSI. We emphasize that ictal video‐EEG is the gold standard for classification of infantile paroxysms as epileptic or non‐epileptic, thereby avoiding over‐treatment for BSI and facilitating timely targeted treatment of infantile epilepsies. [Published with video sequences]
Çoklu Değerlendirme Yaklaşımının Ortaokul 7. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Yazma Beceri ve Kaygısına Etkisi
Authors: ENGİN Ahmet Sencer , KARAKUŞ TAYŞİ Esra
Published: January 2024

Araştırmanın amacı, birden fazla değerlendirme yöntemine bağlı olan ‘’çoklu değerlendirme’’ yaklaşımının ortaokul 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin yazma becerisi ve yazma kaygısına etkisi araştırmaktır. Araştırmada yakınsayan paralel desenli karma yöntem kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sürecinde ölçümler, ön test - son test kontrol gruplu seçkisiz desen kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmada hem nicel hem de nitel ölçme araçlarından yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen nicel ve nitel veriler; birbirinden ayrı olarak çözümlenmiş, birleştirilerek genel bir yorum olarak sunulmuştur. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında Kütahya il merkezinde sadece kızların erkeklerin öğrenim gördüğü birer imam hatip ortaokulunda 7. sınıf seviyesinde öğrenim gören, iki kız iki erkek sınıfı olmak üzere toplam 94 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Bu öğrencilerden iki farklı okulun farklı cinsiyetteki sınıflarında öğrenim gören toplam 49 öğrenci (25 kız, 24 erkek) deney gruplarını, yine ayı şekilde iki farklı okulun farklı cinsiyetteki sınıflarında öğrenim gören toplamda 45 öğrenci (21 kız, 24 erkek) kontrol gruplarını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın nitel boyutu için de deney gruplarından gönüllü olarak 20 kişi (10 kız, 10 erkek) seçilmiştir. Elde edilen nicel verilerin çözümlenmesi neticesinde çoklu değerlendirme yaklaşımının öğrencilerin yazma becerisine ve yazma kaygısına olumlu yönde etki ettiği görülmüştür. Cinsiyete dayalı yapılan test sonuçlarında ise herhangi bir fark bulunmamıştır. Tüm çalışma genel olarak ele alındığında çoklu değerlendirme yaklaşımının ortaokul 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin yazma becerilerine olumlu bir etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çoklu değerlendirme yaklaşımı ile öğrencilerin yazma kaygılarında ise belirgin bir düşüş olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın nitel verileri de bu sonuçları desteklemektedir.
The effect of length of sport experience on the prevalence of non-specific back pain and injury in soccer and ice hockey
Authors: Buková Alena , Hagovská Magdaléna , Kováčiková Zuzana , Zusková Klaudia , Pączkowski Tomasz , Kručanica Ladislav
Published: January 2024

Background: Back pain is one of the most common health problems not only in the general population but also in athletes. However, there is a lack of evidence-based findings on the dose-response effect of athletic training on back pain and injuries. The aim of this study was to determine whether training experience affects the intensity of back pain and the number of injuries in moderate-to-high performance team sport athletes. Methods: A total of 147 male soccer players (age 27.8 ± 5.9 y; training experience 17.2 ± 5.6 y) and 179 male ice hockey players (age 29.2 ± 5.9 y; training experience 20.5 ± 6.1 y) were asked to complete questionnaires focusing on back pain and injuries: Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). Results: Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant positive associations between length of training experience and the occurrence of thoracic pain (p=0.005), low back pain (p=0.016), thoracic injuries (p=0.006), and ODI (p=0.007) in soccer players. In hockey players, training duration was significantly correlated with low back pain (p<0.001) and injuries (=0.006), ODI (p<0.001), affective dimension (p<0.001), evaluative dimension (p=0.002), miscellaneous dimension (p=0.027), and total MPQ (p=0.029). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the length of training experience is another important factor influencing low back pain. Therefore, it is necessary to focus more attention on more experienced players and to include significantly more compensatory exercises and recovery time in their training process.
A multi-criteria system for performance assessment and support decision-making based on the example of Premier League top football strikers
Authors: Kolbowicz Marek , Nowak Michał , Więckowski Jakub
Published: January 2024

The effective management of sports teams plays a pivotal role in achieving substantial success. In this pursuit, an increasing number of teams are resorting to information systems to enhance decision-making processes. These systems ensure the implementation of well-informed decisions, thereby contributing additional insights into training management. Through their assistance, it becomes feasible to optimize both player potential and overall team performance. In this paper, we propose a decision system rooted in the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach, complemented by sensitivity analysis, to assess the performance of soccer players. The evaluation focused on football players in the forward position in the Premier League during the seasons 2015-2021. Subsequently, a sensitivity analysis of the results was conducted to delineate key elements in the game that significantly influence performance quality. Based on these findings, adjustments to a player's training plan can be made, targeting specific aspects of the game to enhance the player's potential. The study's results underscore that, with appropriate enhancements to players' performance, they can achieve markedly superior ratings compared to their counterparts.
The Role of a Sensory Diet in Improving the Quality of Psychosocial Functioning of Students in Inclusive Education
Authors: Wójcik Magdalena
Published: January 2024

Effective sensory processing is necessary for physiological regulation, the generation of appropriate behavioural responses and the development of academic skills. The physical environment in the classroom and at school can impact a child’s ability to become engaged in education. By creating proper sensory diets and a sensory-friendly classroom, teachers can help children achieve an optimal level of arousal and become successful students. That is why paying attention to the possibilities of creating a sensory-friendly environment is so essential as providing the appropriate amount of sensory stimuli tailored to students’ needs and capabilities. An in-depth literature review has been carried out to justify the role of a sensory diet and a sensory-friendly classroom. Analysing the theoretical and scientific context justifies the development of sensory programs in inclusive education. It shows the possibilities for both using and adapting them to the needs of students.
American Indian Resistance to Settler Colonialism in the Western Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi Valley, 1815–1832
Authors: Jung Patrick J.
Published: January 2024

PATRICK J. JUNG examines Indigenous societies living in the western Great Lakes and upper Mississippi Valley, which included eastern Iowa, during the early nineteenth century. He considers how Indigenous people drew on ideological foundations built during the War of 1812 in order to employ various forms of anonymous resistance to American expansion in the decades following the war's conclusion.
Migrant Culture Maintenance: The Welsh in Mahaska County, Iowa, 1870–1920
Authors: Tyler Robert Llewellyn
Published: January 2024

ROBERT LLEWELLYN TYLER examines the vibrant ethnolinguistic community that Welsh immigrants established in Mahaska County in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He examines the distinct cultural nature of the community, how it changed, and the forces that enabled Welsh immigrants and their children to so readily become Americans.
Uncommon Ground: Grant Wood and Russell Lee's Divergent View of Iowa
Authors: Swensen James R.
Published: January 2024

JAMES R. SWENSEN examines how photographer Russell Lee's work in Depression-era Iowa drew inspiration from and directly challenged the most prominent Iowa artist of the era, Grant Wood. In a dramatic catalog of photographs captured in December of 1936, Lee's unflinching depiction of the trials of rural life starkly contrasted Wood's bucolic Regionalist paintings.
Promoción de la salud en América Latina: Coherencia en su implementación
Authors: Mosquera-Becerra Janeth , Pérez-Bustos Andrés H , Díaz-Grajales Constanza , Quiroz-Arias Carolina , Salcedo-Cifuentes Mercedes , Mejía-López Jorge , Herrera-Muergueitio Julián Alberto , Piedrahita-Sandoval Laura , Barrera-Vergara Lena Isabel
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: a la luz de los enfoques y estrategias de promoción de la salud propuesto en la Carta de Ottawa, avalados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, se analizó cómo las autoridades sanitarias nacionales de Colombia, Brasil y México, que tienen sistemas de salud estructurados de manera distinta, conceptualizan y orientan la promoción de la salud. Metodología: análisis documental de información oficial de las dependencias encargadas de promoción de la salud en cada país; posteriormente, se hizo un análisis de coherencia en torno a ese concepto. Resultados: hay distintos niveles de coherencia respecto a la promoción de la salud: en Colombia el concepto se transmuta en gestión del riesgo individual a través de los documentos que implementan el Plan Decenal de Salud Pública; en Brasil el concepto de promoción de la salud se aplica coherentemente, aunque las prioridades operativas están enfocadas en aspectos individuales, además, cada Estado y municipio lo implementa de acuerdo con sus necesidades y capaciades; en México la promoción de la salud está institucionalizada, pero el acceso de los ciudadanos al servicio depende del aseguramiento y la agencia individual. Conclusiones: la promoción de la salud se hace en un marco de prestación de servicios de salud enfocados en el control del riesgo individual. Oficialmente los tres países evidenciaron coherencia con los postulados de promoción de la salud expuestos en la Carta de Ottawa, sin una adecuada coherencia en su implementación.
Carrot slice test: A reliable method for evaluating the tumorigenicity of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. nerii
Authors: Attila Fodor , Áron Juhasz , Viktória Vitári , Karacs-Végh Anita
Published: January 2024

Pathogenicity studies on oleander plants take a long time and require significant costs to confirm the identification of isolates and to verify their pathogenicity. In this study, the carrot slice test was used as a rapid method for Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. nerii. The test is suitable for the investigation of tumorigenicity of 25 Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. nerii isolates from different parts of Hungary. On carrot slices, the first characteristic knots were observed 7 days after inoculation and were fully developed 16 days after inoculation. The one-year oleander plants used to confirm the pathogenicity of the bacteria were inoculated with a bacterial suspension to confirm the reliability of the carrot slice test. Characteristic symptoms of knots were observed on all oleander plants 46 days after inoculation. The results showed that the carrot slice method is a straightforward, rapid, and reliable method for testing and confirming tumor formation of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. nerii without plants.
Effect of Optimal Movement, Stretching and Strengthening Exercise to Prevent Shoulder Pain of Paraplegic Spinal Cord Injury Patient.d protocol v1
Authors: not provided physioobaid
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted to determine and compare the effect of optimal movement, stretching, and strengthening exercises with usual care to prevent shoulder pain in paraplegic SCI patients. Researchers used a Single blinded (assessor), Randomized control trial study (CTRI/2020/04/025628) design. Based on eligibility criteria, 80 participants were recruited from the inpatient SCI unit, CRP-Bangladesh, by hospital randomization technique. After that participants were allocated into an experimental group and a control group (40 vs 40) by computer generated randomization table. Primary outcome measurement was pain during functional activities by Wheelchair User’s Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI) and secondarily muscle strength by Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) and demographic and injury-related information. Pre-test data were taken 1 week after using the wheelchair and post-test data after 8 weeks (6 sessions/ week) of treatment.
DeRisi Lab Phage Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (PhIP-Seq) v1
Authors: Kortbawi Hannah , Mandell-Brehm Caleigh , O'Donovan Brian , not provided Saravazquez , not provided Madhuraraghavan , Rackaityte Elze , Wang Grace , Saxena Aditi , Yu David , Derisi Joseph
Published: January 2024

This protocol describes the process of Phage Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (PhIP-Seq) as it is performed in the DeRisi lab. It is the basis of many published papers from our group and is used for the discovery of protein targets of antibodies. The technique uses T7 bacteriophage that display a library of tiled peptide fragments that cover a human or microbial proteome. Human sera or monoclonal antibody controls are incubated with a phage display library and antibodies are immunoprecipitated using protein A/G beads. The purified phage library is then amplified in E. coli and re-incubated with sera, typically using three rounds of enrichment. Enriched phage DNA is then sequenced to identify antibody reactivity. In this way, a proteomic assay (immunoprecipitation) is converted into a genomic assay, leveraging the significant advantages of next-generation sequencing counting statistics.
Acute testing of temporal patterns of vagus nerve stimulation on physiological outcomes in mouse v1
Authors: Huffman William , A Pelot Nicole , Grill Warren
Published: January 2024

This protocol outlines the process for an anesthetized in vivo mouse study to electrically stimulate the cervical vagus nerve while recording EMG of laryngeal muscles and ECG.
Protocol for 3D bioprinting functional human brain tissues v1
Authors: Yan Yuanwei , not provided Mathivanan , Zhang Su-Chun
Published: January 2024

Detailed protocol for 3D bioprinting functional human brain tissues
Detection of Influenza A viruses and Avian H5 Subtype using a triplex qRT-PCR assay on the ABI Quantstudio 7 PCR system v1
Authors: Lee Tracy , not provided frankie.tsang , Kolehmainen Kathleen , Prystajecky Natalie , N. Jassem Agatha , R. Tyson John , Chan Michael
Published: January 2024

This procedure provides instructions on how to perform a real-time PCR (qPCR) for the detection of Influenza A viruses and avian H5 subtypes from nucleic acid extracted from respiratory samples. This assay targets the avian influenza hemagglutinin (HA) gene of Influenza A subtype H5, primers and probes sequences are updated to enable detection of recent outbreak of Influenza A subtype H5N1. The matrix (M) gene of Influenza A virus is included in this triplex for detection of suspect avian influenza virus (AIV). This assay is not validated and does not contain an endogenous control for the human or avian samples.
Histone extraction HLB protocol v1
Authors: Verhelst Sigrid
Published: January 2024

Protocol to extract histone proteins using a hypotonic lysis buffer for isolation of nuclei prior to acid extraction of histones that is easily amenable to label-free MS owing to the lack of detergents in the lysis buffer.
Active Labour Market Policies and Youth Employment in European Peripheries
Authors: Simões Francisco , Tosun Jale
Published: January 2024

This thematic issue discusses the design, implementation, and impact of youth-oriented active labour market policies in Europe, with a particular emphasis on its peripheries. The need to address territorialised, youth-oriented active labour market policies is pressing for several reasons. For one, the whole socioeconomic paradigm is undergoing fundamental changes due to the dual transition (digital and green) that is expected to have an impact on the rural/urban divide. Moreover, at the subnational level, youth unemployment in certain regions is a more pressing problem than suggested by existing studies, which have mostly focused on the national level. This implies that closer inspection of the subnational level, in general, and the peripheral regions, in particular, will reveal more marked cross-national differences. This thematic issue offers a point of departure for the suggested territorialised approach to the study of how active labour market policies for young people are formulated and implemented, and which effects they have on their target groups.
Interstitial lung disease in patients with systemic scleroderma: approaches to predicting lesion volume
Authors: Khorolsky D. V. , Klimenko A. A. , Pershina E. S. , Babadaeva N. M. , Kondrashov A. A. , Shostak N. A. , Mikheeva E. P. , Mezenova M. P. , Zhilyaev E. V.
Published: January 2024

Aim. To determine the factors that contribute to the prediction of the volume of pulmonary lesion in patients with systemic scleroderma (SSc).

Materials and methods. The analysis included patients with SSc observed in the Registry of Myositis, systemic sclerosis and mixed connective tissue disease (REMISSIS), who underwent high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs. For the immunological characteristic, all patients were tested for anti-topoisomerase (anti-Scl-70), and anti-centromeric (anti-CENP-B) antibodies, and anticentromere antibodies (anti-Pm-Scl).

Results. The study included 79 patients with SSc. There was 94.9 % women. Average age – 64.4 ± 11.5 years. Signs of interstitial lung disease (ILD), according to HRCT were detected in 50 patients. The largest extent of lung injury was noted in patients with SSc sine scleroderma (32.7 ± 29.3 %), a smaller extent in patients with diffuse form SSc (16.9 ± 17.1 %) and the lowest in patients with limited SSc (8.5 ± 14.2 %). In addition to the type of disease, the extent of lung injury in patients with SSc-ILD was statistically significantly higher in patients with arthralgia, dyspnea and the presence of antibodies to topoisomerase I and combined autoantibodies. Also, a statistically significant feedback was established with all indicators of the test with a 6-minute walk and forced vital capacity and a direct relationship with indicators of pulmonary artery systolic pressure. When evaluating the correlation between the extent of lung injury and the degree of dyspnea according to Borg, it was found that in patients who assessed dyspnea less than 3 points, the extent of lung injury was less than 25 %. Due to the high degree of correlation, a regression formula was created for the dependence of the extent of lung injury on the distance in the test with a 6-minute walk: extent of lung injury = (52.7–0.1) × distance 6MWT. A multivariate model was also obtained for predicting the extent of lung injury in SSc, in which the patient’s immunotype, distance in the 6-minute walk test, saturation after the 6-minute walk test, and the presence of dyspnea became the most effective.