bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation and psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale for Youth in Chinese adolescents
Authors: Jiang Jian , Chen Jianhua , Lin Zhifeng , Tang Xuwei , Hu Zhijian
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Depression and anxiety are the most common mental health problems among adolescents. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales for Youth (DASS-Y) is a newly developed instrument designed to assess these problems in adolescents.

Aim

The present study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the DASS-Y among Chinese adolescents.

Methods

A total of 326 secondary school students aged 14–18 years participated in the study. A convenience sampling method was adopted to conduct a test–retest of the DASS-Y among Chinese secondary school students. McDonald’s omega, Cronbach’s alpha, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) along with their 95% CI were used to assess the internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the DASS-Y. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) evaluated the structural validity and convergent validity of the DASS-Y through the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), as well as Average Variance Extracted (AVE) and Composite Reliability (CR). Pearson correlation coefficients with the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) assessed criterion validity.

Results

The CFA confirmed the validity the DASS-Y three-factor model consisting of depression, anxiety, and stress. The internal consistency reliability of the DASS-Y was found to be robust, with McDonald’s omega and Cronbach’s alpha values exceeding 0.8 for all dimensions across two measurements. The test–retest reliability was stable. The structural validity was reasonable and effective. Additionally, convergent validity is satisfactory, while criterion validity is also satisfactory. The three-factor model consisting of depression, anxiety and stress was confirmed through CFA.

Conclusion

The DASS-Y exhibits satisfactory psychometric properties among Chinese secondary school adolescents, reliably and appropriately screening for mental health issues such as depression and anxiety within this population. Consequently, it can be employed as a standard tool for routine mental health surveillance in secondary schools.
Do early-life circumstances predict late-life suicidal ideation? Evidence from SHARE data using machine learning
Authors: Zong Xu , Wang Huaiyue
Published: November 2024

Background

A number of studies have demonstrated that suicidal ideation in late life is associated with early-life circumstances. However, the importance of early-life circumstances in predicting suicidal ideation is not entirely clear. This study aims to use a machine learning approach to evaluate the importance of 32 early-life circumstances from six domains in predicting suicidal ideation in old age.

Methods

The data in this study come from a cross-national longitudinal survey, the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Participants recalled information on early-life circumstances in SHARE wave 7 and reported suicidal ideation in SHARE wave 8. The XGBoost model was employed to evaluate the importance of 32 circumstances in six domains (early-life socioeconomic status, early-life health and healthcare, early-life relationship, etc.) in predicting the suicidal ideation of middle-aged and older adults over 50.

Results

There were 46,498 participants in this study, of which 26,672 (57.36%) were females and 19,826 (42.64%) were males. XGBoost showed a strong predictive performance, with an area under the curve of 0.80 and accuracy of 0.77. Top predictors were mainly in the domains of childhood relationship, childhood socioeconomic status, childhood health, and healthcare. In particular, having a group of friends most critically influences suicidal ideation in old age.

Discussion

These findings suggest that early-life circumstances may modestly predict suicidal ideation in late life. Preventive measures can be taken to lower the risk of suicidal ideation in middle-aged and older individuals.
Neurofilament light chain plasma levels in major depressive disorder: a brief research report
Authors: Fernández-Pereira Carlos , Fernández-Ceballos María de los Ángeles , Olivares José Manuel , Prieto-González José M. , Agís-Balboa Roberto Carlos
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Peripheral neurofilament light chain (NfL) reflect neuronal and axonal damage. Most studies have been focused on NfL cerebrospinal fluid measures since peripheral levels were difficult to detect. However, with recent advent of single molecule array (SIMOA) technology, NfL is now detectable peripherally at small concentrations (pg/ml). In neurodegenerative disorders, NfL peripheral levels have been found significantly elevated compared against psychiatric disorders. However, there is still controversy of whether NfL peripheral levels might be altered in psychiatric disorders like major depressive disorder (MDD) when compared against a normal population.

Methods

We have measured NfL plasma levels by using single molecule array (SIMOA) technology in a Spanish small cohort of MDD patients (n = 15) and a HC group (n = 15). We have used subjective scales to estimate depression severity (HDRS), anhedonia (SAAS), the general cognitive state (MMSE) and episodic memory (FCSRT) in MDD patients.

Results

We have not detected a significant alteration in NfL plasma levels in MDD patients when compared against the HC subjects (U = 97, p-value = 0.532). Moreover, we have not detected any significant correlation between NfL plasma levels with any subjective scales. The only parameter that significantly and positively correlated with NfL plasma levels was age in both MDD and HC.

Discussion

Significant alteration in NfL plasma levels in MDD patients might reflect neurobiological changes behind the predisposition to develop future neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s diseases for which depression represents a risk factor. However, whether there is an increase in NfL due to MDD regardless of the ageing process is still a matter of debate.
Unraveling the relationships among pandemic fear, cyberchondria, and alexithymia after China’s exit from the zero-COVID policy: insights from a multi-center network analysis
Authors: Li Yuan , Li Jie , Zhou Chunfen , Huang Chuanya , Luo Biru , Hu Yanling , Huang Xi , Fang Jinbo
Published: November 2024

Objective

China’s abrupt exit from the zero-COVID policy in late 2022 led to a rapid surge in infections, overwhelming healthcare systems and exposing healthcare providers to intensified psychological pressures. This sudden shift exacerbated pandemic-related psychological issues, including fear, health anxiety, and emotional processing difficulties. This study aimed to unravel the relationships among pandemic fear, cyberchondria, and alexithymia following China’s exit from the zero-COVID policy.

Methods

A multi-center cross-sectional survey was conducted among 4088 nurses from 43 public hospitals in China. The web-based survey comprised the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Cyberchondria Severity Scale, and Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Network analysis was employed to explore the interconnections and identify central components within these psychological and behavioral constructs.

Results

The analysis revealed a dense network with predominantly positive connections. Specific aspects of cyberchondria and pandemic fear exhibited the highest strength centrality, indicating their critical influence. The externally oriented thinking dimension of alexithymia emerged as a crucial bridge node, linking pandemic fear and cyberchondria. The network structure demonstrated consistency across diverse educational backgrounds and career stages.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions focusing on key network components, particularly externally oriented thinking, to disrupt the detrimental cycle of pandemic fear and cyberchondria. Healthcare organizations should promote balanced objective fact-focused and problem-solving approaches while also fostering skills in emotional awareness and expression, thereby mitigating the risk of maladaptive pandemic fear responses and dysfunctional online health information-seeking behaviors.
Elevated remnant cholesterol and the risk of prevalent major depressive disorder: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Tao Shiyi , Yu Lintong , Li Jun , Wu Ji , Yang Deshuang , Huang Xuanchun , Xue Tiantian
Published: November 2024

Background

Remnant cholesterol (RC) has received increasing attention due to its association with a variety of diseases. However, comprehensive population-based studies elucidating the relationship between RC and major depressive disorder (MDD) are limited. The current study aimed to determine the association between RC and MDD in US adults.

Methods

Cross-sectional data of US adults with complete RC and depression information were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018. MDD was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Multivariate logistic regression, sensitivity analysis, and spline smoothing plot method were conducted to explore the relationship between RC and depression. The cut-off point was calculated using recursive partitioning analysis when segmenting effects emerged. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), calibration curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, the decision curve analysis (DCA), and clinical impact curve (CIC) were employed to evaluate the performance of RC in identifying MDD. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed to explore whether the association was stable in different populations.

Results

A total of 9,173 participants were enrolled and participants in the higher RC quartile tended to have a higher PHQ-9 score and prevalence of MDD. In the fully adjusted model, a positive association between RC and PHQ-9 score and MDD was both observed (β=0.54, 95% CI 0.26~0.82; OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.15~1.78). Participants in the highest RC quartile had a 0.42-unit higher PHQ-9 score (β=0.42, 95% CI 0.15~0.69) and a significantly 32% higher risk of MDD than those in the lowest RC quartile (OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.05~1.66). Spline smoothing plot analysis further confirmed the positive and non-linear association between RC and PHQ-9 and MDD. ROC analysis (AUC=0.762), the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (χ2 = 6.258, P=0.618), and calibration curve all indicated a high performance and goodness-of-fit of the multivariate model. DCA and CIC analysis similarly demonstrated a positive overall net benefit and clinical impact for the model. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests suggested that the relationship between RC and depression remained stable across subgroups and was unaffected by other factors other than diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia.

Conclusion

An elevated RC is associated with a higher risk of prevalent MDD among US adults, especially in those with diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia. The present results suggested that the management of RC levels and comorbidities may contribute to alleviating the occurrence of MDD.
Predicting blind-use test (BUT) results from sensory testing using Bayesian bootstrapping
Authors: Ping Aaron
Published: November 2024

Cosmetic researchers recruit consumers to evaluate new formulas as part of the product development process. This screens out poorly performing formulas in favor of better ones for further testing. Trained experts score new formulas on a battery of sensory attributes until a few formulas are selected for more costly, blind-use tests (BUTs) featuring randomly recruited consumers. Once formulas pass a BUT, they are ready for commercialization. Resources would be more efficiently used if BUT results could be predicted from earlier rounds of testing. However, predicting the relationship between sensory testing and BUT testing is limited by the lack of data in common between the two methods. Even though hundreds of consumer responses are recorded, only their means are merged into the set of data used for analysis. This reduces the amount of data available for decision-making and introduces the challenges associated with analyzing small samples. This paper proposes improving on this mean-based approach by adding bootstrapping when combining sensory expert responses with BUT responses. It compares the BUT predictions captured via bootstrapping versus the predictions obtained using only the means from the original data sets.
Learning signs with NAO: humanoid robot as a tool for helping to learn Colombian Sign Language
Authors: Mora-Zarate Juan E. , Garzón-Castro Claudia L. , Castellanos Rivillas Jorge A.
Published: November 2024

Sign languages are one of the main rehabilitation methods for dealing with hearing loss. Like any other language, the geographical location will influence on how signs are made. Particularly in Colombia, the hard of hearing population is lacking from education in the Colombian Sign Language, mainly due of the reduce number of interpreters in the educational sector. To help mitigate this problem, Machine Learning binded to data gloves or Computer Vision technologies have emerged to be the accessory of sign translation systems and educational tools, however, in Colombia the presence of this solutions is scarce. On the other hand, humanoid robots such as the NAO have shown significant results when used to support a learning process. This paper proposes a performance evaluation for the design of an activity to support the learning process of all the 11 color-based signs from the Colombian Sign Language. Which consists of an evaluation method with two modes activated through user interaction, the first mode will allow to choose the color sign to be evaluated, and the second will decide randomly the color sign. To achieve this, MediaPipe tool was used to extract torso and hand coordinates, which were the input for a Neural Network. The performance of the Neural Network was evaluated running continuously in two scenarios, first, video capture from the webcam of the computer which showed an overall F1 score of 91.6% and a prediction time of 85.2 m, second, wireless video streaming with NAO H25 V6 camera which had an F1 score of 93.8% and a prediction time of 2.29 s. In addition, we took advantage of the joint redundancy that NAO H25 V6 has, since with its 25 degrees of freedom we were able to use gestures that created nonverbal human-robot interactions, which may be useful in future works where we want to implement this activity with a deaf community.
Relationships between bone age, physical performance, and motor coordination among adolescent male and female athletes
Authors: Gundersen Hilde , Kvammen Knut Marius Navelsaker , Vestbøstad Mona , Rygh Cecilie Brekke , Grendstad Halvard
Published: November 2024

Biological maturity significantly impacts youth athletes’ physical performance throughout adolescence. However, how this differs between male and female youth athletes remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to assess associations between maturity, physical performance and motor coordination in females and males. Sixty-eight youth athletes (mean age 13.9 ± 0.8 years, 26 females) were included in the present study. Participants performed a 40 m sprint, standing long jump (SLJ), push-ups and a 2,000 m run. Motor coordination was evaluated using the short form of the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder test. Bone age (BA), assessed by x-ray of the left hand and analyzed with an automated software, was used as a biomarker of biological maturity. Results showed that BA was significantly associated with performance for males on 40 m sprint (r = −.556, p < .001), SLJ (r = .500, p < .001) and 2,000 m run (r = −.435, p = .011). No associations were found between BA and physical performance among females, nor between BA and motor coordination for either females or males. In conclusion, maturity is associated with exercises that require maximal speed, explosive leg strength and endurance in males, but not in females, with maturity showing no impact on the motor coordination in either sex.
Cardiovascular, perceptual, and performance responses to single- vs. multi-chambered blood flow restriction cuffs
Authors: Rolnick Nicholas , de Queiros Victor S. , Moghaddam Masoud , Peikon Evan , Taylor Susannah , Watson Samantha , Ruffhead Campbell , Zupnik Sean , Werner Tim
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the impact of the blood flow restriction bladder type (single- [SC-BFR] vs. multi-chambered [MC-BFR]) on exercise performance, cardiovascular responses, and perceptual experiences with exercise sessions incorporating multiple sets to volitional failure in a randomized, crossover experimental design.

Methods

Twenty-seven healthy, physically active participants (age: 22.6 ± 5.7; weight: 74.3 ± 15.8 kg; height: 171.7 ± 7.7 cm; BMI: 25.0 ± 4.1 kg/m2; ∼93% reported regular resistance training within 6 months; 11 females) randomly performed exercise to failure (4× sets to failure, 20% 1RM, 1 min rest between sets) in each of three conditions: SC-BFR (using the Delfi Personalized Tourniquet Device inflated to 60% limb occlusion pressure), MC-BFR (using the B Strong Cuffs inflated to 300 mmHg according to manufacturer recommendations), and N-BFR (no BFR control).

Results

SC-BFR blunted post-exercise increases in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (p = 0.328) (+3.3%) whereas the other conditions showed elevations (MC-BFR +11.8% [p = 0.041], N-BFR +9.3% [p = 0.012]). Discomfort was lower in N-BFR compared to SC-BFR (p < 0.001) and MC-BFR (p = 0.035) but all displayed similar exertion (p = 0.176). Median total repetitions achieved were significantly less in SC-BFR (57 [25–75th percentile: 47–65) than MC-BFR (76 [63–91] (p = 0.043) and N-BFR [106 (97–148)] p = 0.005). Per set repetition volumes were similar on set 1 between SC-BFR (p < 0.001) and MC-BFR (p = 0.001) and were lower than N-BFR (p ≤ 0.001) whereas in sets 2–4, MC-BFR performed similar number of repetitions as N-BFR (p = 0.984–1.000).

Conclusion

Bladder design of a BFR cuff has an impact on the acute responses to exercise if applied according to recommended application guidelines, as SC-BFR impacts performance to a greater degree and mitigates post-exercise arterial stiffness responses compared to MC-BFR and N-BFR while both BFR conditions display greater levels of discomfort compared to N-BFR.

Clinical Trial Registration

NCT06276673.
Development of a multiplex real-time PCR for the simultaneous detection of monkeypox virus clades I, II, and goatpox virus
Authors: Lin Yongqiang , Guo Zijing , Chen Jinsong , Zhang Xianwen , Zhou Long , Li Yanmin , Zhang Zhidong
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) hosts are of multiple species, with a risk of cross-species transmission. This phenomenon poses a threat to unreported affected domestic animals and increases the risk to human public health. Clinical diagnostics continue to face challenges regarding specificity among poxviruses. The need for a rapid and precise assay to differentiate between MPXV clades I and II, as well as goatpox virus (GTPV) is essential for enhancing our capacity for disease prevention, control, and epidemiological investigation.

Methods

To address this need, we have successfully developed a multiplex real-time PCR assay targeting MPXV D14L gene for clade I, MPXV D18L gene for clade II, and GTPV RPO30 gene, which can simultaneously detect MPXV clades I and II as well as GTPV.

Results

The developed assay demonstrated high sensitivity, with limits of detection at 207.83 copies/reaction for MPXV clade I, 252.07 copies/reaction for MPXV clade II, and 208.72 copies/reaction for GTPV. Importantly, there was no cross-reactivity with other non-pox viruses which infect goats. The assay exhibited excellent repeatability, with coefficients of variation (CV%) for intra-assay and inter-assay ranging from 0.17% to 0.89% and 0.58% to 1.09%, respectively.

Discussion

This assay can serve as a vital resource to safeguard against the MPXV epidemic posing a threat to the life safety of goats, to mitigate potential risks to the sheep farming industry, and to prevent the transmission of MPXV to humans through sheep, which could act as a potential transmission vector for infection.
Exploring smallholder farm resilience to climate change: intended and actual adaptation
Authors: Hussein Jaabir , Bilotto Franco , Mbui Damaris , Omondi Philip , Harrison Matthew Tom , Crane Todd A. , Sircely Jason
Published: November 2024

Low production potential of arid regions heightens vulnerability of farms to market shocks and extreme weather events. Here we examine African smallholder farmer perceptions of climate change, including perceived (intended) and actual adaptation strategies. We invoke survey questionnaires, focus group discussions, interviews and meteorological data to compare smallholder perceptions with actual weather events realised. We showed that most communities perceived climate change through the lens of perturbations to rainfall and temperature. Perceived increases in precipitation, indicated by 62% of respondents, and increased temperature, indicated by 77% of participants, aligned well with evidence shown by meteorological data. Around 88% of respondents identified prolonged drought as the most frequent extreme weather, followed by unseasonal rainfall (86% of respondents). Diversification of pasture fodder species and access to technology enabling timely weather forecasts were preferred actual and intended adaptation strategies, respectively. Recurrent and prolonged drought, spurious seasonal weather patterns, and lack of access to timely weather prognostics were the primary constraints to adoption of practices aimed at climate change adaptation. While farm size and practitioner experience were not associated with adaptive capacity, awareness of climate change impact potential and household income significantly influenced the rate and extent of adoption. We revealed a marked influence of gender in adaptation to the changing climate, with households where males made decisions exhibiting 76% adoption, compared with 34% of households adopting climate adaptations where decisions were made by females. Taken together, our study narrates critical roles of knowledge, finances, and gender in enabling or inhibiting adaptation to the climate crisis.
Metaheuristic Algorithms in Optimal Design of Engineering Problems
Authors: Knypiński Łukasz , Devarapalli Ramesh , Kamiński Marcin
Published: November 2024

Metaheuristic optimization algorithms (MOAs) are widely used to optimize the design process of engineering problems [...]
Framework for Agile Transformation: Guiding Organizations Through Cultural, Structural, and Competency Shifts in Project Management
Authors: Ndou Valentina , Ingrosso Alessandro , Di Girolamo Anna
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to provide a framework for guiding organizations toward Agile practices for project management. Through a case study analysis conducted in an information technology company, the paper aims to explore the interplay between current organization structure and project management approaches, the set of competencies, and the cultural change required for a transition toward Agile transformation. The paper provides a framework comprising four main blocks necessary for guiding organizations toward Agile practices for successful project management. The framework proposed demonstrates that for organizations to be nimble and to improve teamwork performance, it is necessary to undertake a set of changes in culture, competencies, structure, and approaches. The findings highlight the importance of a structured approach to Agile transformation, with particular emphasis on top management support and continuous learning. By formalizing Agile initiatives through structured approaches and continuous engagement, organizations can foster a shared sense of purpose among team members, ensuring sustained commitment and facilitating smoother transitions.
A Recognition Model Based on Multiscale Feature Fusion for Needle-Shaped Bidens L. Seeds
Authors: Zhang Zizhao , Huang Yiqi , Chen Ying , Liu Ze , Liu Bo , Liu Conghui , Huang Cong , Qian Wanqiang , Zhang Shuo , Qiao Xi
Published: November 2024

To solve the problem that traditional seed recognition methods are not completely suitable for needle-shaped seeds, such as Bidens L., in agricultural production, this paper proposes a model construction idea that combines the advantages of deep residual models in extracting high-level abstract features with multiscale feature extraction fusion, taking into account the depth and width of the network. Based on this, a multiscale feature fusion deep residual network (MSFF-ResNet) is proposed, and image segmentation is performed before classification. The image segmentation is performed by a popular semantic segmentation method, U2Net, which accurately separates seeds from the background. The multiscale feature fusion network is a deep residual model based on a residual network of 34 layers (ResNet34), and it contains a multiscale feature fusion module and an attention mechanism. The multiscale feature fusion module is designed to extract features of different scales of needle-shaped seeds, while the attention mechanism is used to improve the ability to select features of our model so that the model can pay more attention to the key features. The results show that the average accuracy and average F1-score of the multiscale feature fusion deep residual network on the test set are 93.81% and 94.44%, respectively, and the numbers of floating-point operations per second (FLOPs) and parameters are 5.95 G and 6.15 M, respectively. Compared to other deep residual networks, the multiscale feature fusion deep residual network achieves the highest classification accuracy. Therefore, the network proposed in this paper can classify needle-shaped seeds efficiently and provide a reference for seed recognition in agriculture.
The Assessment of the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Net Water Erosion and Its Driving Factors in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Yin Zuotang , Zuo Yanlei , Xu Xiaotong , Chang Jun , Lu Miao , Liu Wei
Published: November 2024

The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is an important grain production base, and exploring the spatiotemporal heterogeneity and driving factors of soil erosion in the YRB is of great significance to the ecological environment and sustainable agricultural development. In this study, we employed the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in conjunction with Transport-Limited Sediment Delivery (TLSD) to explore a modified RUSLE-TLSD for use assessing net water erosion. This modification was performed using sediment data, and the explanatory power of driving factors was assessed utilizing an optimal parameters-based geographical detector (OPGD). The results demonstrated that the modified RUSLE-TLSD can accurately simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of net water erosion (NSE = 0.5766; R2 = 0.6708). From 2000 to 2020, the net water erosion modulus in the YRB ranged between 1.62 and 5.33 t/(ha·a). Specifically, the net water erosion modulus decreased in the YRB and the middle reaches of the YRB (MYRB), but it increased in the upper reaches of the YRB (UYRB). The erosion occurred mainly in the Loess Plateau region, while the deposition occurred mainly in the Hetao Plain and Guanzhong Plain. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and slope emerged as significant driving factors, and their interaction explained 31.36% of YRB net water erosion. In addition, the redistribution of precipitation by vegetation and the slope weakened the impact of precipitation on the spatial pattern of net water erosion. This study provides a reference, offering insights to aid in the development of soil erosion control strategies within the YRB.
Evaluation of Forage Grasses Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Response to Combined Application of Spent Mushroom Substrate and Mineral Nitrogen
Authors: Wiśniewska-Kadżajan Beata , Malinowska Elżbieta
Published: November 2024

In the era of the intensive use of mineral fertilizers, which results in a negative impact on the natural environment, it is necessary to use agrotechnical practices that use the potential of biodegradable waste. The physicochemical properties of the substrate after mushroom cultivation (SMS—spent mushroom substrate) mean that this waste can be a safe and cheap source of ingredients for crops. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers and SMS on the yield of two grass species, the nitrogen content in their biomass, and its uptake and use efficiency, as well as its accumulation in the soil. This research was based on a three-year (2017–2019) experiment that was conducted in bottomless pots in field conditions at the experimental facility of the University of Siedlce, Poland. The SMS was used together with mineral fertilization in various proportions. Two forage grass species were tested: Dactylis glomerata and Phleum pratense. In each year, three harvests of the cultivated grasses were collected. The introduction into the soil of the medium dose of the SMS nitrogen, supplemented annually with the medium dose of mineral nitrogen (SMS2 + N2PK), resulted in the greatest yield of the grasses (19.98 g·pot−1), as well as its greatest uptake (410.2 g·pot−1) and use efficiency (105%). The highest content of nitrogen (21.60 g·kg−1) was in the plants treated with the smallest dose of the SMS and supplemented with the greatest dose of the mineral nitrogen (SMS1 + N3PK). The greatest dose of the SMS nitrogen, applied with the smallest amount of the mineral nitrogen (SMS3 + N1PK), resulted in the most (1.70 g·kg−1) nitrogen accumulation in the soil.
Far-Red Light Inhibits Soybean Biomass and Yield by Modulating Plant Photosynthesis
Authors: Wang Qiangui , Bian Zhonghua , Wang Sen , Zhao Yanyan , Zhan Xiaoxu , Yang Qichang
Published: November 2024

Alterations in the light environment can significantly influence soybean morphology and yield formation; however, the effects and mechanisms of different light qualities on these aspects require further investigation. Consequently, we selected soybean cultivars with marked differences in light sensitivity as test materials, conducted experiments with red, blue, and green light qualities against a blue light background, and analyzed parameters related to leaf photosynthetic capacity, chlorophyll fluorescence, morphological characteristics, biomass, and yield variations following different light quality treatments. The results showed that following far-red light treatment, soybean plants exhibited significant shade avoidance syndrome, internode elongation, increased plant height, and a marked reduction in both root and leaf biomass, as well as total biomass. Furthermore, there was a substantial reduction in photosynthetic capacity. This indicated that far-red light exerts an inhibitory effect on soybean growth and yield formation. Red light has basically no regulatory effect on plant morphology and yield, while green light has a yield-increasing effect, but there was a cultivar effect. This study not only enhances our understanding of the mechanisms through which light quality regulates plant photosynthesis but also lays a scientific foundation for future crop light environment management and for the further exploration of light quality’s regulatory potential on crop growth.
Grain-Filling Characteristics and Yield Formation of Rice at Saline Field
Authors: Wei Huanhe , Zuo Boyuan , Zhu Jizou , Ma Weiyi , Zhang Xiang , Wang Lulu , Geng Xiaoyu , Chen Yinglong , Meng Tianyao , Dai Qigen
Published: November 2024

It is of great interest to utilize saline fields to promote rice production in China. It has still not been established how salinity stress affects grain-filling characteristics and the relationships with yield formation of rice in a saline field. This experiment was conducted with Ningjing 7 (salinity-tolerant rice variety) and Wuyunjing 30 (salinity-susceptible rice variety) in a non-saline field and a high-saline field in 2021 and 2022. The grain yields of Ningjing 7 and Wuyunjing 30 in a high-saline field were 37.7% and 49.8% lower (p < 0.05) than in a non-saline field across two years. Ningjing 7 exhibited a higher (p < 0.05) grain yield than Wuyunjing 30 in a high-saline field. The reductions in filled-grain percentage and grain weight in inferior grains were greater than in superior grains of Ningjing 7 and Wuyunjing 30. For Ningjing 7 and Wuyunjing 30, the total starch contents in superior and inferior grains at 15, 30, and 45 days after heading were reduced (p < 0.05) in a high-saline field compared to a non-saline field. The ADP–glucose pyrophosphorylase, granule-bound starch synthase, and starch synthase activities after heading in superior and inferior grains in a high-saline field were lower (p < 0.05) than those in a non-saline field, and the reductions were more pronounced for Wuyunjing 30. The maximum grain-filling rate and mean grain-filling rate were decreased, while the time to achieve the maximum grain-filling rate was increased in a high-saline field compared to a non-saline field, especially for Wuyunjing 30. The mean grain-filling rate and grain-filling amount in superior and inferior grains during the early, middle, and late stages were lower in a high-saline field than in a non-saline field. For Ningjing 7 and Wuyunjing 30, the reductions in the grain-filling amount in the inferior grains during the early, middle, and late stages in a high-saline field were greater than those in superior grains. Our results suggest that salinity stress inhibited the grain-filling rate, reduced the total starch content and affected key enzyme activities, which led to the poor sink-filling efficiency and yield performance of rice in a saline field, especially for the salinity-susceptible variety.
Boiling Time to Estimated Stunning and Death of Decapod Crustaceans of Different Sizes and Shapes
Authors: Lauridsen Henrik , Alstrup Aage Kristian Olsen
Published: November 2024

The best practice for killing decapod crustaceans lacking a centralized ganglion has been debated for a century. Currently, there is a movement away from live boiling towards electrocution and mechanical splitting or spiking, which are efficient in the large commercial setting but may be unavailable and impractical for small decapods such as shrimp and prawn in the small-scale setting of, e.g., the household. Here, using carcasses of varying sizes of prawn, crayfish, lobster and green and brown crab, we used micro-CT imaging to measure surface area and sphericity in relation to body mass. Then, we measured heating profiles at the anterior ganglion and in the core of carcasses of the same species when exposed to standardized boiling regimes. We found a relationship with positive allometry between surface area and body mass for all species and a decrease in sphericity with mass. Heating times until proposed stunning (26 °C) and killing (44 °C) varied with body size and starting temperature and exceeded minutes for larger species. For a small species like prawn, times to stunning and killing by boiling are comparable to electrocution times and within the acceptable range compared to recreational killing of other sentient beings such as game mammals.
Comparative Study of CALPUFF and CFD Modeling of Toxic Gas Dispersion in Mountainous Environments
Authors: Li Mei , Lo Choho , Yang Dongou , Li Yuanchen , Li Zhe
Published: November 2024

Verifying the pattern of toxic gas dispersion simulations under mountainous conditions is vital for emergency response and rescue. In this study, a comparative analysis is conducted between CALPUFF (California Puff Model) and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) gas dispersion modeling focusing on the range of Semi-Lethal Concentration (LC50) and Immediate Danger to Life and Health Concentration (IDLH). To identify general dispersion patterns, a hypothetical pipeline breakout accident in a mountainous area is simulated and thirteen groups of simulation conditions are set up for the experiments, including calm wind (velocity less than 0.5 m/s) and winds from the east (E), south (S), west (W), and north (N) at velocities of 1, 2, and 3 m/s with a 1 arc-second degree SRTM data as terrain data. Comparative experiments show the diffusion patterns of the two models are essentially consistent, and the overall dispersion range deviation between two methods is within 266 m. The evaluation of CALPUFF’s adaptability for microscale mountainous environments indicates its potential use for high-sulfur gas fields and gas dispersion simulations in emergency scenarios.
An Innovative Dynamic Model for Predicting Typhoon Track Deflections over Complex Terrain
Authors: Chen Hung-Cheng
Published: November 2024

This study presents an innovative, dynamic model for predicting typhoon track deflections over complex terrain. Based on potential vorticity conservation, the model incorporates a topographic adjusting parameter (α) and a meridional adjusting velocity (MAV) to capture the vortex’s response to terrain variations. Simulations using an idealized bell-shaped mountain and Taiwan’s realistic topography reveal that steeper terrain gradients consistently deflect typhoon tracks southward. This steering effect intensifies with increasing vortex strength due to a larger α, leading to enhanced MAV. Shallower approach angles also amplify deflections due to prolonged terrain interaction. Results highlight the significant role of Taiwan’s Central Mountain Range in shaping typhoon trajectories. This model offers a refined approach for predicting typhoon behavior near complex terrain, advancing forecasting capabilities, and enhancing disaster preparedness strategies.
Ultra-Selective and Sensitive Fluorescent Chemosensor Based on Phage Display-Derived Peptide with an N-Terminal Cu(II)-Binding Motif
Authors: Sosnowska Marta , Łęga Tomasz , Nidzworski Dawid , Olszewski Marcin , Gromadzka Beata
Published: November 2024

Copper, along with gold, was among the first metals that humans employed. Thus, the copper pollution of the world’s water resources is escalating, posing a significant threat to human health and aquatic ecosystems. It is crucial to develop detection technology that is both low-cost and feasible, as well as ultra-selective and sensitive. This study explored the use of the NH2-Xxx-His motif-derived peptide from phage display technology for ultra-selective Cu2+ detection. Various Cu-binding M13 phage clones were isolated, and their affinity and cross-reactivity for different metal ions were determined. A detailed analysis of the amino acid sequence of the unique Cu-binding peptides was employed. For the development of an optical chemosensor, a peptide with an NH2-Xxx-His motif was selected. The dansyl group was incorporated during solid-phase peptide synthesis, and fluorescence detection assays were employed. The efficacy of the Cu2+-binding peptide was verified through spectroscopic measurements. In summary, we developed a highly selective and sensitive fluorescent chemosensor for Cu2+ detection based on a peptide sequence from a phage display library that carries the N-terminal Xxx-His motif.
Examining the Neural Markers of Speech Rhythm in Silent Reading Using Mass Univariate Statistics of EEG Single Trials
Authors: Powell Stephanie J. , Nayak Srishti , Magne Cyrille L.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The Implicit Prosody Hypothesis (IPH) posits that individuals generate internal prosodic representations during silent reading, mirroring those produced in spoken language. While converging behavioral evidence supports the IPH, the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms remain largely unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the neurophysiological markers of sensitivity to speech rhythm cues during silent word reading. Methods: EEGs were recorded while participants silently read four-word sequences, each composed of either trochaic words (stressed on the first syllable) or iambic words (stressed on the second syllable). Each sequence was followed by a target word that was either metrically congruent or incongruent with the preceding rhythmic pattern. To investigate the effects of metrical expectancy and lexical stress type, we examined single-trial event-related potentials (ERPs) and time–frequency representations (TFRs) time-locked to target words. Results: The results showed significant differences based on the stress pattern expectancy and type. Specifically, words that carried unexpected stress elicited larger ERP negativities between 240 and 628 ms after the word onset. Furthermore, different frequency bands were sensitive to distinct aspects of the rhythmic structure in language. Alpha activity tracked the rhythmic expectations, and theta and beta activities were sensitive to both the expected rhythms and specific locations of the stressed syllables. Conclusions: The findings clarify neurocognitive mechanisms of phonological and lexical mental representations during silent reading using a conservative data-driven approach. Similarity with neural response patterns previously reported for spoken language contexts suggests shared neural networks for implicit and explicit speech rhythm processing, further supporting the IPH and emphasizing the centrality of prosody in reading.
Spiritual Health and Psychological Distress Among Hong Kong Community Lay Leaders
Authors: Fang Shiying , Leung Chi-Hung
Published: November 2024

Community lay leaders are critical in connecting professional services and general populations in communities. However, limited studies have explored the potential protective factors for psychological health among this group of people. In addition, based on the complex nature of spiritual health, the inconsistent findings of previous studies also suggested that different domains of spiritual health may shape psychological health differently in different contexts and among different socio-demographic groups. Therefore, we assessed the psychological health of Hong Kong community lay leaders after COVID-19 and examined the effects of different domains of spiritual health on psychological distress after controlling for age and gender. Cross-sectional data from 234 Hong Kong community lay leaders aged 18 to 84 were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that most Hong Kong community lay leaders reported moderate anxiety. In addition, personal and communal (one domain) and transcendental domains of spiritual health were negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress, and the environmental domain of spiritual health was positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. These findings imply the importance of considering both the positive and negative effects of spiritual health on psychological distress.
Autonomous Mobile Robots Inclusive Building Design for Facilities Management: Comprehensive PRISMA Review
Authors: Lim Zhi Qing , Shah Kwok Wei , Gupta Meenakshi
Published: November 2024

The increasing adoption of advanced technologies and the growing demand for automation have driven the development of innovative solutions for smart Facilities Management (FM). The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated this trend, highlighting the need for greater automation in FM, including the use of Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs). Despite this momentum, AMR adoption remains in its early stages, with limited knowledge and research available on their practical applications in FM. This study seeks to explore the challenges that hinder the successful integration of AMRs in the FM industry. To achieve this, a systematic literature review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, encompassing three phases: identification, screening, and inclusion. The review covered 80 full-text articles published from 1994 to 2024, reflecting the growing interest in technological advancements for FM and the increased focus on AMR research. The study identified five key barriers specific to FM that affect AMR adoption: diverse operational contexts, poorly designed indoor environments, varying building occupants, multi-faceted FM functionalities, and differences in building exteriors. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the unique challenges faced by FM professionals, offering valuable insights for organizations and AMR developers to consider during the adoption process. The research contributes to the field by providing a foundation for FM practitioners, policymakers, and researchers to develop strategies for overcoming these barriers and advancing the adoption of AMR technologies in FM.
A Rapid Prediction of Suppressed Vibration in Composite Bridges Equipped with Constrained Layer Damping
Authors: Liu Quanmin , Fu Weiwang , Song Lizhong , Gao Kui , Xu Peipei
Published: November 2024

The vibration characteristics of a composite bridge with constrained layer damping (CLD) were investigated using the wave and finite element method (WFEM), and the effects of the material and geometrical parameters of the CLD on the vibration reduction in the bridge were analyzed. Firstly, a numerical model for the dynamic response of a composite steel–concrete bridge using WFEM. The calculated acceleration of the bridge under the wheel–rail force obtained using this model was in good agreement with that obtained using the conventional finite element method and field measurements. Second, a segment model of the bridge with a CLD was established. The equation of motion based on the WFEM was solved to determine the dynamic response of the bridge induced by running trains. Finally, the effects of the covering area and CLD parameters on the vibration mitigation of steel–concrete bridges were analyzed. The results show that a reduction of 5–10 dB of the acceleration level of steel members in the full frequency range can be achieved by installing the CLD. A lower shear modulus of the viscoelastic core is beneficial for low-frequency vibration reduction in the bridge. However, a higher shear modulus of the damping layer is required for vibration mitigation in the high-frequency range. The vibration reduction in the composite bridge was more sensitive to the thickness of the constraining layer than to that of the damping layer.
Mechanical and Numerical Assessment of Localized Soil Voids Under PCCP Joints
Authors: Li Haizhen , Feng Xin , Hu Ankui
Published: November 2024

Uniform support from the surrounding soil is important for maintaining the stable operation of buried pipelines. For segmented prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP), localized soil voids around the joint due to leakage or engineering activities make the pipe unsupported partially and threaten its integrity and strength. In this paper, the impact of a localized soil void on a pipe joint is qualitatively assessed using a beam-on-elastic-spring approximation model. It further provides quantitative analysis through a nonlinear finite element (FE) model of PCCPs and the surrounding soil. The derived algebraic solutions indicate that a unilateral local void induces shear force and rotation at the joint, whereas shear force becomes negligible when the void spans the joint, leading to increased rotation. Moreover, the rotation angle shows a positive correlation with soil load and a negative correlation with pipe diameter. Numerical analysis reveals that void elongation along the pipe length has a more pronounced effect on structural response than void depth and angle. When the void length reaches 2.5 m, the maximum principal stress on the mortar layer of the PCCP increases approximately eight-fold compared to the scenario without voids. Due to the rigidity and safety factor of the PCCP, small voids in the bedding typically do not cause immediate pipe damage or joint leakage; however, they can significantly alter the stress distribution within both the pipe and surrounding soil. As the void develops, the soil may collapse and compromise support, leading to additional secondary disaster risks and potential threats to pipeline safety. This research emphasizes the importance of effective pipe-soil interactions and provides theoretical insights for developing repair strategies for PCCP.