bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Risk Factors for Delayed Extubation Following Posterior Approach Surgery for Congenital Scoliosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cui Jian , Zhang Jingjing , Li Wenzhe , Liu Wei , Wang Yixi , Xu Tao , Wang Yi , Yu Xiangyou
Published: September 2024

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives

Investigate the risk factors for delayed extubation after posterior approach orthopedic surgery in patients with congenital scoliosis.

Methods

The clinical data of patients who received surgery for congenital scoliosis at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between January 2021 and July 2023 have been gathered. Patients are categorized into the usual and the delayed extubation groups, depending on the duration of tracheal intubation after surgery. The study employs univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to examine the clinical characteristics of the two cohorts and discover potential risk factors linked to delayed extubation. In addition, a prediction model is created to visually depict the significance of each risk factor in terms of weight according to the nomogram.

Results

A total of 119 patients (74.8% females), with a median age of 15 years, are included. A total of 32 patients, accounting for 26.9% of the sample, encountered delayed extubation. Additionally, 13 patients (10.9%) suffered perioperative complications, with pneumonia being the most prevalent. The multivariate regression analysis revealed that the number of osteotomy segments, postoperative hematocrit, postoperative Interleukin-6 levels, and weight are predictive risk factors for delayed extubation.

Conclusions

Postoperative hematocrit and Interleukin-6 level, weight, and number of osteotomy segments can serve as independent risk factors for predicting delayed extubation, with combined value to assist clinicians in evaluating the risk of delayed extubation of postoperative congenital scoliosis patients, improving the success rate of extubation, and reducing postoperative treatment time in the intensive care unit.
Revision shoulder arthroplasty and proximal humeral bone loss: a comprehensive review and proposal of a new algorithm of management
Authors: Baldari Angelo , Saccone Luca , Caldaria Antonio , de Sanctis Edoardo Giovannetti , De Angelis D’Ossat Gian Mauro , La Verde Luca , Palumbo Alessio , Franceschi Francesco
Published: September 2024

With the rising prevalence of shoulder arthroplasty, the incidence of revision shoulder arthroplasty is also increasing. The complexity of these revision procedures poses significant challenges, with bone loss being a critical factor impacting treatment outcomes. Addressing substantial humeral bone defects is crucial for ensuring implant stability and functionality. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar to identify existing classification systems for proximal humeral bone loss in the context of revision shoulder arthroplasty. The study assessed the advantages and limitations of these classifications, using this information to propose a new diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm. Several classification systems for proximal humeral bone loss were identified. McLendon et al. classify proximal humeral bone loss based on a 5-cm bone loss threshold and suggest an allograft prosthesis composite for losses exceeding this limit. Boileau’s system stratifies bone loss into four types based on the extent of loss, with specific recommendations for each category. The PHAROS classification provides a detailed anatomical assessment but lacks quantitative precision. The proposed PHBL-SCORe system offers a novel algorithm incorporating preoperative radiographic measurements to determine the percentage of bone loss and guide treatment options. Proximal humeral bone loss presents significant challenges in revision shoulder arthroplasty, necessitating precise preoperative planning and classification to guide surgical intervention. Existing classification systems provide valuable frameworks but often rely on average population values, neglecting individual anatomical variations. The proposed PHBL-SCORe system offers a patient-specific approach, improving the accuracy of bone loss assessment and optimizing treatment strategies. Implementing this classification in clinical practice could enhance surgical outcomes and reduce complications associated with rRSA (revision Reverse Shoulder arthroplasty). Further studies are required to validate this algorithm and explore its long-term efficacy in diverse patient populations.
Variant graph craft (VGC): a comprehensive tool for analyzing genetic variation and identifying disease-causing variants
Authors: Li Jennifer , Yang Andy , Carneiro Benedito A. , Gamsiz Uzun Ece D. , Massingham Lauren , Uzun Alper
Published: September 2024

Background

The variant call format (VCF) file is a structured and comprehensive text file crucial for researchers and clinicians in interpreting and understanding genomic variation data. It contains essential information about variant positions in the genome, along with alleles, genotype calls, and quality scores. Analyzing and visualizing these files, however, poses significant challenges due to the need for diverse resources and robust features for in-depth exploration.

Results

To address these challenges, we introduce variant graph craft (VGC), a VCF file visualization and analysis tool. VGC offers a wide range of features for exploring genetic variations, including extraction of variant data, intuitive visualization, and graphical representation of samples with genotype information. VGC is designed primarily for the analysis of patient cohorts, but it can also be adapted for use with individual probands or families. It integrates seamlessly with external resources, providing insights into gene function and variant frequencies in sample data. VGC includes gene function and pathway information from Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) for GO terms, KEGG, Biocarta, Pathway Interaction Database, and Reactome. Additionally, it dynamically links to gnomAD for variant information and incorporates ClinVar data for pathogenic variant information. VGC supports the Human Genome Assembly Hg37 and Hg38, ensuring compatibility with a wide range of data sets, and accommodates various approaches to exploring genetic variation data. It can be tailored to specific user needs with optional phenotype input data.

Conclusions

In summary, VGC provides a comprehensive set of features tailored to researchers working with genomic variation data. Its intuitive interface, rapid filtering capabilities, and the flexibility to perform queries using custom groups make it an effective tool in identifying variants potentially associated with diseases. VGC operates locally, ensuring data security and privacy by eliminating the need for cloud-based VCF uploads, making it a secure and user-friendly tool. It is freely available at https://github.com/alperuzun/VGC.
Aerosolization ocular surface microorganisms accumulation effect during non-contact tonometer measurements
Authors: Shen Xinyi , Xu Yi , Ye Yuee , Huai Shuo , Wu Peiyu , Huang Jinzhi , Zhou Weihe , Li Chunchun , Chen Yanyan
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to verify that aerosolization ocular surface microorganisms (AOSMs) accumulated during non-contact tonometry (NCT) measurements.

Methods

A total of 508 participants (740 eyes) were enrolled in the study. In Experiment 1, before NCT was performed on each eye, the air was disinfected, and environment air control samples were collected via Air ideal® 3P (Bio Merieux). During NCT measurements, microbial aerosol samples were collected once from each eye. In Experiment 2, we collected initial blank control samples and then repeated Experiment 1. Finally, in Experiment 3, after the background microbial aerosol investigation, we cumulatively sampled AOSMs from each 10 participants then culture once, without any interventions to interrupt the accumulation. The collected samples were incubated and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).

Results

Pathogenic Aerococcus viridans and other microorganisms from human eyes can spread and accumulate in the air during NCT measurements. The species and quantity of AOSMs produced by NCT measurements can demonstrate an accumulation effect.

Conclusion

AOSMs generated during NCT measurements are highly likely to spread and accumulate in the air, thereby may increase the risk of exposure to and transmission of bio-aerosols.
Newman’s theory of health as expanding consciousness: an evolutionary concept analysis
Authors: Li Hongman , Xiong Ying , Ye Zengjie
Published: September 2024

Background

The health as expanding consciousness (HEC) theory posits that health and disease are interconnected components of a comprehensive process aimed at expanding consciousness.

Aim

The objective of this study is to introduce the concept, research status and applications of HEC and offer a comprehensive understanding of its various key components.

Data sources

Databases including EMBASE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Wiley, Web of Science, Sinomed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and CQVIP, covering the period from 1986 to 2023.

Method

Employing Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis approach, this study included and analysed 70 studies.

Results

The characteristics of HEC comprise aspects such as movement, time, space, energy, rhythm, and paradigm of health. The antecedents of HEC encompass disease, chaos, binding, centring, and choice point. Consequences associated with HEC include self-transcendence, unbinding, decentring, expanded consciousness, real freedom, pattern recognition, absolute consciousness, and death.

Conclusion

This study has identified substitute terms, related concepts, attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical references associated with HEC. The findings provide valuable information applicable across various domains of nursing, encompassing practice, education, research, and management.
Integrative microbiome and metabolome profiles reveal the impacts of periodontitis via oral-gut axis in first-trimester pregnant women
Authors: Cheng Tianfan , Wen Ping , Yu Rong , Zhang Feng , Li Huijun , Xu Xiaoyi , Zhao Dan , Liu Fang , Su Weilan , Zheng Zheng , Yang Hong , Yao Jilong , Jin Lijian
Published: September 2024

Background

Periodontitis results from host-microbe dysbiosis and the resultant dysregulated immunoinflammatory response. Importantly, it closely links to numerous systemic comorbidities, and perplexingly contributes to adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Currently, there are limited studies on the distal consequences of periodontitis via oral-gut axis in pregnant women. This study investigated the integrative microbiome-metabolome profiles through multi-omics approaches in first-trimester pregnant women and explored the translational potentials.

Methods

We collected samples of subgingival plaques, saliva, sera and stool from 54 Chinese pregnant women at the first trimester, including 31 maternal periodontitis (Perio) subjects and 23 Non-Perio controls. By integrating 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted metabolomics and clinical traits, we explored the oral-gut microbial and metabolic connection resulting from periodontitis among early pregnant women.

Results

We demonstrated a novel bacterial distinguisher Coprococcus from feces of periodontitis subjects in association with subgingival periodontopathogens, being different from other fecal genera in Lachnospiraceae family. The ratio of fecal Coprococcus to Lachnoclostridium could discriminate between Perio and Non-Perio groups as the ratio of subgingival Porphyromonas to Rothia did. Furthermore, there were differentially abundant fecal metabolic features pivotally enriched in periodontitis subjects like L-urobilin and kynurenic acid. We revealed a periodontitis-oriented integrative network cluster, which was centered with fecal Coprococcus and L-urobilin as well as serum triglyceride.

Conclusions

The current findings about the notable influence of periodontitis on fecal microbiota and metabolites in first-trimester pregnant women via oral-gut axis signify the importance and translational implications of preconceptional oral/periodontal healthcare for enhancing maternal wellbeing.
Sensory dysfunction in SMA type 2 and 3 - adaptive mechanism or concomitant target of damage?
Authors: Koszewicz Magdalena , Ubysz Jakub , Dziadkowiak Edyta , Wieczorek Malgorzata , Budrewicz Slawomir
Published: September 2024

Background

The motor neuron survival protein performs numerous cellular functions; hence, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is considered to be a multi-organ disease with possible sensory system damage. The controversy surrounding the presence of sensory disturbances, prompted us to conduct standard electrophysiological studies and assess the sensory thresholds for different modalities in adults with SMA types 2 and 3. The study group consisted of 44 adult SMA patients (types 2 and 3). All patients underwent neurological examination using the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale – Expanded (HFMSE). Standard sensory electrophysiological studies in the ulnar nerve and the estimation of vibratory, temperature, and warm- and cold-induced pain thresholds with temperature dispersion assessment were performed using quantitative sensory testing (QST).

Results

The most repeatable result was the high amplitude of the sensory nerve action potentials (SNAP) in SMA patients compared to controls. This was higher in type 2 patients compared to type 3a and 3b patients and patients with low HFSME scores. Patients with SMA, especially type 3b presented a longer sensory latency and slower conduction velocity than did controls. Cold pain threshold was higher and warm dispersion larger in SMA. The vibratory limit was higher in patients with high HFSME scores.

Conclusions

A high SNAP amplitude suggests sensory fibre hyperactivity, which may be based on overactivation of metabolic pathways as an adaptive mechanism in response to SMN protein deficiency with additionally coexisting small C- and A-delta fibre damage. SMA patients seem to have a concomitant, mild demyelinating process present at the early SMA stage.
Identification of treatment elements for adolescents with callous unemotional traits: a systematic narrative review
Authors: Waaler Pamela M. , Bergseth Josefine , Vaskinn Linda , Espenes Kristin , Holtan Thale , Kjøbli John , Bjørnebekk Gunnar
Published: September 2024

Adolescents with callous unemotional (CU) traits are at risk for poor quality-of-life outcomes such as incarceration, suicide, and psychopathy. It is currently unknown which treatments are implemented with CU adolescents specifically and which elements make up these interventions. A narrative systematic review was used to identify the treatments and common elements used with CU adolescents (12–18 years). Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies evaluating psychosocial interventions, delivered within a clinical context, and directed towards the adolescent or their family. Eight studies with 1291 participants were included. Significant decreases in CU traits were demonstrated only in a minority of studies. The most utilized practice elements were set goals for treatment, practice interpersonal/communication skills, prepare for termination, and teach parents skills and strategies; the most utilized process elements were formal therapy, practice exercises, important others, and flexible/adaptive. A majority of the studies did not report an implementation element. While theoretical frameworks for CU children are employed with CU adolescents, there is still uncertainty regarding their suitability for this age group. Given the limited empirical evidence, there is a critical need for further exploration.
Improved simultaneous mapping of epigenetic features and 3D chromatin structure via ViCAR
Authors: Flynn Sean M. , Dhir Somdutta , Herka Krzysztof , Doyle Colm , Melidis Larry , Simeone Angela , Hui Winnie W. I. , Araujo Tavares Rafael de Cesaris , Schoenfelder Stefan , Tannahill David , Balasubramanian Shankar
Published: September 2024

Methods to measure chromatin contacts at genomic regions bound by histone modifications or proteins are important tools to investigate chromatin organization. However, such methods do not capture the possible involvement of other epigenomic features such as G-quadruplex DNA secondary structures (G4s). To bridge this gap, we introduce ViCAR (viewpoint HiCAR), for the direct antibody-based capture of chromatin interactions at folded G4s. Through ViCAR, we showcase the first G4-3D interaction landscape. Using histone marks, we also demonstrate how ViCAR improves on earlier approaches yielding increased signal-to-noise. ViCAR is a practical and powerful tool to explore epigenetic marks and 3D genome interactomes.
Laser enhanced photothermal effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized by chemical and green method on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Mostafa Elham M. , Badr Y. , Ramadan Marwa A. , Hashem Mohamed M. M. , Abo-El-Sooud Khaled , Deif Heba N. , Faid Amna H.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are extensively identified. In large quantities, they might be harmful. So many fields of nanotechnology have shown a great deal of interest in the development of an environmentally friendly, efficient method for synthesizing metal nanoparticles. Because of its antibacterial and antifungal properties toward a wide range of microbes, chitosan silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@Cs) constitute a newly developing class of bio-nanostructured hybrid materials. Furthermore, the use of photothermal therapy (PTT) has been suggested as a means of elimination of germs. These light-stimulated treatments are minimally invasive and have a few side effects. In the present work, the antibacterial effect of AgNPs at low concentrations; prepared by chemical and green methods as antimicrobial and photothermal agents in photothermal therapy; with laser irradiation were explored as combined treatment against MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Methods

Silver nanoparticles were produced in two ways. First, by sodium borohydrides, second, by chitosan (as a natural eco-friendly reducing, and capping agent). The nanostructure of AgNPs and AgNPs@Cs was confirmed by UV–visible spectrometer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRs), and direct light scattering (DLS). The antibacterial activity of the prepared nanoparticles and the laser irradiation was tested against three bacterial species of zoonotic importance; MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae; and was evaluated by measuring their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC).

Results

Silver nanoparticles produced by the two methods had spherical shapes with nearly the same particle size. The analysis of DLS showed that AgNPs were very stable with zeta potential − 28.8 mv, and 47.7 mv by chemical and chitosan synthesis, respectively. Furthermore, AgNPs@Cs showed higher antibacterial activity toward the tested bacterial species than AgNPs by chemical method. Additionally, the bacterial viability using photothermal laser therapy was reduced compared to laser and AgNPs alone. The bactericidal activities were higher when laser diode was coupled with AgNPs@Cs than by chemical reduction.

Conclusion

The laser combined treatment had a higher antimicrobial effect than AgNPs alone or laser irradiation alone.
Variation in the prion protein gene (PRNP) open reading frame sequence in French cervids
Authors: Laubier Johann , Van De Wiele Anne , Barboiron Aurélie , Laloë Denis , Saint-Andrieux Christine , Castille Johan , Meloni Emma , Ernst Sonja , Pellerin Maryline , Floriot Sandrine , Daniel-Carlier Nathalie , Passet Bruno , Merlet Joël , Verheyden Hélène , Béringue Vincent , Andréoletti Olivier , Houston Fiona , Vilotte Jean-Luc , Bourret Vincent , Moazami-Goudarzi Katayoun
Published: September 2024

The recent emergence of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in Europe has become a new public health risk for monitoring of wild and farmed cervids. This disease, due to prions, has proliferated in North America in a contagious manner. In several mammalian species, polymorphisms in the prion protein gene (PRNP) play a crucial role in the susceptibility to prions and their spread. To obtain a reliable picture of the distribution of PRNP polymorphisms in the two most common cervid species in France, we sequenced the open reading frame (ORF) of this gene in 2114 animals, 1116 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and 998 red deer (Cervus elaphus). Selection criteria such as historical origin, spatial distribution and sex ratio have been integrated to establish this sample collection. Except for one heterozygous animal with a non-synonymous mutation at codon 37 (G37A), all the 1116 French roe deer were monomorphic. Red deer showed greater variation with two non-synonymous substitutions (T98A; Q226E), three synonymous substitutions (codons 21, 78 and 136) and a new 24pb deletion (Δ69-77). We found significant regional variations between French regions in the frequency of the identified substitutions. After cloning of the PRNP ORF from animals presenting multiple non-synonymous polymorphisms, we identified six haplotypes and obtained a total of twelve genotypes. As in other European countries, we highlighted the apparent homogeneity of PRNP in the French roe deer and the existence of a greater diversity in the red deer. These results were in line with European phylogeographic studies on these two species.
Effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for glycaemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes in West Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Peprah Ellen Barnie , Jahan Yasmin , Danso-Appiah Anthony , Abdul-Samed Abdul-Basit , Mirzoev Tolib , Antwi Edward , Balabanova Dina , Agyepong Irene
Published: September 2024

Background

Lifestyle interventions are key to the control of diabetes and the prevention of complications, especially when used with pharmacological interventions. This protocol aims to review the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in relation to nutrition and physical activity within the West African region. This systematic review and meta-analysis seeks to understand which interventions for lifestyle modification are implemented for the control of diabetes in West Africa at the individual and community level, what evidence is available on their effectiveness in improving glycaemic control and why these interventions were effective.

Methods

We will review randomised control trials and quasi-experimental designs on interventions relating to physical activity and nutrition in West Africa. Language will be restricted to English and French as these are the most widely spoken languages in the region. No other filters will be applied. Searching will involve four electronic databases — PubMed, Scopus, Africa Journals Online and Cairn.info using natural-language phrases plus reference/citation checking.

Two reviewers will independently screen results according to titles and abstracts against the inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify eligible studies. Upon full-text review, all selected studies will be assessed using Cochrane’s Collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias of a study and the ROBINS-I tool before data extraction. Evidence will be synthesised narratively and statistically where appropriate. We will conduct a meta-analysis when the interventions and contexts are similar enough for pooling and compare the treatment effects of the interventions in rural to urban settings and short term to long term wherever possible.

Discussion

We anticipate finding a number of studies missed by previous reviews and providing evidence of the effectiveness of different nutrition and physical activity interventions within the context of West Africa. This knowledge will support practitioners and policymakers in the design of interventions that are fit for context and purpose within the West African region.

Systematic review registration

This systematic review has been registered in the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews — PROSPERO, with registration number CRD42023435116. All amendments to this protocol during the process of the review will be explained accordingly.
Dietary recommendations for people with diabetes in special situations: a position statement report by Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and metabolism (AASD)
Authors: Soliman Amin Roshdy , Hegazy Mona , Ahmed Rabab Mahmoud , Abdelghaffar Shereen , Gomaa Mohammed , Alwakil Sahar , Soliman Dina , Sedky Lobna , Shaltout Inass
Published: September 2024

Background

Diabetes is a significant global health concern. Regional factors play a crucial role in determining the appropriate diet for patients.

Main body

The Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism has developed a position statement that addresses the dietary needs of patients in the context of low income and cultural dietary habits. This statement aims to explore the most suitable diet for Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and provide guidance for physicians to overcome barriers in optimal care. While most dietary guidelines focus on uncomplicated diabetes, it’s essential to recognize that diabetes often coexists with other common diseases in our region.

Conclusion

International guidelines cannot be directly applied to the Egypt and Arab countries due to cultural and dietary differences. Our position statement shares valuable insights into managing diabetes in special situations and diverse clinical settings within this region. These recommendations are flexible, considering personal, cultural, and traditional differences.
Rejuvenating exploration opportunities in Egypt's Mediterranean region using basin-scale 3D seismic reprocessing and subsurface evaluations
Authors: Saleh Gebril , Noureldin Ahmed , Mihaljevic Ivica , Ouda Mahmoud , Yassein Reham , Ahmed Mahmoud , Saleh Tamer , Abdalla Mohamed , Sherif Aref , Shabana Mahmoud , El-Midany Ahmed , Radwan Mohamed
Published: September 2024

The Eastern Mediterranean region has proven to be a key province for natural gas resources over the last two decades. Gas discoveries in the Nile Delta Basin, Levantine Basin, and over the Eratosthenes platform have proven that an efficient working petroleum system extends to the deepwater areas and into the distal parts of the Nile Delta and Levantine basins. While the suprasalt biogenic post-Messinian play is adequately imaged in various areas in the Eastern Mediterranean region, seismic imaging of the deeper subsalt pre-Messinian plays is challenged by legacy seismic acquisition and processing techniques. Moreover, the complexity of the Messinian salt structures and the heterogeneity of the lithology of the Messinian layer across the Mediterranean basins represent a key subsurface challenge. In phase 1 of the study presented in this paper, we reprocessed 12 legacy 3D seismic data sets over 12,000 km2 and constructed a consistent basin-scale earth model from the shelf areas offshore Sinai to the deepwater areas around the Zohr carbonate platform. The data processing and imaging sequences incorporate full-waveform inversion and tomography in the earth model building process followed by a basin-to-lead evaluation to delineate exploration opportunities in phase 1. The evaluations resulted in delineating Cretaceous and Oligo-Miocene untested structures. Furthermore, potential deepwater Lower Miocene sand fairways were outlined, supported by improved regional seismic imaging and consistent seismic attributes over multiple legacy surveys. The authors of this paper expect to update the results of their work after completing the earth model building and the prestack depth migration workflows of an additional 13 legacy surveys over 35,000 km2 in phase 2 of the study.
Seismic Soundoff: Celebrating Sven: A legacy of innovation and mentorship in geophysics
Authors: Geary Andrew
Published: September 2024

We honor the legacy of Sven Treitel, a beloved figure in geophysics and at SEG. Kurt Marfurt and Sam Gray reflect on his profound impact.
Bladder-Preserving Trimodality Treatment for High-Grade T1 Bladder Cancer: Results From Phase II Protocol NRG Oncology/RTOG 0926
Authors: Dahl Douglas M. , Rodgers Joseph P. , Shipley William U. , Michaelson M. Dror , Wu Chin-Lee , Parker William , Jani Ashesh B. , Cury Fabio L. , Hudes Richard S. , Michalski Jeff M. , Hartford Alan C. , Song Daniel , Citrin Deborah E. , Karrison Theodore G. , Sandler Howard M. , Feng Felix Y. , Efstathiou Jason A.
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE

To investigate the use of radiation with radiosensitizing chemotherapy following repeated transurethral resection (trimodality therapy) as an alternative to radical cystectomy in T1 bladder cancer which has failed Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients with recurrent T1 bladders who had failed BCG and were recommended to undergo cystectomy were treated with trimodality therapy. The primary end point was 3-year freedom from cystectomy. Secondary end points were distant metastasis at 3 and 5 years, local recurrence, disease-specific and overall survival (OS), and safety.

RESULTS

This single-arm phase II study enrolled 37 patients. Efficacy and safety were evaluated in 34 patients after three exclusions. The median follow-up was 5.1 years. The 3-year freedom from cystectomy rate was 88% (lower one-sided 97.5% confidence limit [CI], 72%), meeting the primary study goal. OS at 3 and 5 years was 69% (95% CI, 54 to 85) and 56% (95% CI, 39 to 74), respectively. The distant metastasis rates at 3 and 5 years were 12% (95% CI, 4 to 26) and 19% (95% CI, 7 to 34), respectively. Eight patients died due to urothelial cancer, 12 exhibited local recurrence at 3 years (cumulative incidence: 32%; 95% CI, 17 to 48), 18 experienced grade 3 adverse events, mostly hematological, and one developed grade 4 neutropenia.

CONCLUSION

Trimodality therapy is an effective potential alternative to radical cystectomy for recurrent high-grade T1 urothelial cancer of the bladder. At 3 years, 88% of the patients remained free of cystectomy.
Exposure-Response–Based Multiattribute Clinical Utility Score Framework to Facilitate Optimal Dose Selection for Oncology Drugs
Authors: Cheng Yiming , Chu Shuyu , Pu Jie , Chen Min , Hong Kevin , Maciag Paulo , Chan Ivan , Zhu Li , Bello Akintunde , Li Yan
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE

The advent of new therapeutic modalities highlighted deficiencies in the traditional maximum tolerated dose approach for oncology drug dose selection and prompted the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s
Project Optimus
initiative, which suggests that sponsors take a holistic approach, including efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic data, in conjunction with integrated exposure-response (ER) analyses. However, this method comes with an inherent challenge of the collation of the multisource data. To address this issue, an ER-based clinical utility score (CUS) framework, combining benefit and risk into a single measurement, was developed.

METHODS

Model-predicted outcomes for each clinically relevant end point, informed by ER modeling, are converted to a CUS using a user-defined utility function. Thereafter, individual CUS is integrated into a single score with user-defined weighting for each end point. The user-defined weighting feature allows the user to incorporate expert knowledge/understanding into weighing the product's benefit versus risk profile.

RESULTS

To validate the framework, data were leveraged from over 50 oncology programs from 2019 to 2023 on the basis of FDA new drug application/biologics license application review packages and/or related literature studies. Five representative cases were selected for in-depth evaluation. Results showed that the optimal benefit-risk ratio (highest CUS) was consistently observed at PK exposures synonymous with recommended doses. A recurring theme across cases was a greater emphasis on safety over efficacy in oncology drug dose determination.

CONCLUSION

The ER-based CUS framework offers a strategic tool to navigate the complexities of dose selection in oncology programs. It serves as a pillar to the importance of integrative data analysis, aligning with the vision of
Project Optimus
, and demonstrates its potential in guiding dose optimization by balancing therapeutic benefits against risk.
Rewarding Frugality
Authors: Lee Anna Jungeun
Published: September 2024

This article considers frugality as an important political praxis in South Korea's Park Chung Hee period (1961–79), examining “frugality awards” that encouraged bureaucrats and citizens to practice “ascetic nationalism” in daily life contexts. The authoritarian state attempted to institutionalize frugality, as spending less and saving more became a visual indicator of one's dedication, sacrifice, and alignment with the state's collective vision of fast-paced economic growth. Seemingly mundane activities such as switching off lights and making fewer phone calls became a cultural prescription of the state, with award recommendations evaluating how a civil servant, his family, and their neighbors performed these activities. To become frugal, people strove to control their immediate environment, manage resources, and perform thrift. Administering frugality became a “fingertip” project of the authoritarian state. The state's collective claims on frugality existed in ambivalent relation to capitalist forces, however, as one of the incentives to perform frugality became collecting the reward money, compromising its goals from the inside out.
“Swoop and Grab Your Rights”
Authors: Nath Nivedita
Published: September 2024

This article centers community archives as sources of history as well as sites of theory to map interconnected social and ecological struggles in the Niti Valley of the central Himalayas from the late nineteenth to the late twentieth centuries. Tolchha and Marchha communities have integrated different ecological belts over centuries through lifeways of trade, pastoralism, and herb gathering. Colonial and postcolonial policies threatened to sever these lifeways through militarized borders, timber extraction, and the demarcation of the exclusive boundaries of the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve. Yet tribal communities have fought to maintain ancestral relations with land by infringing upon colonial restrictions and defying dichotomies of nature and culture through the postcolonial Chipko and Jhapto Cheeno movements. Juxtaposing official archives with community archives from Lata Village, this article argues that leaders of people's movements have sought to reclaim authority over Himalayan history and resituate rural struggles within the framework of Indigenous spatial knowledges.
Cisto epidermoide do testículo
Authors: Silva Brito Izabela , Petrim Cruz Rodrigo , Walison de Paula Paulo , Gomes Torres José Henrique
Published: September 2024

Introdução: a neoplasia testicular é pouco frequente e o cisto epidermoide é uma lesão benigna rara. A cirurgia poupadora de testículo deve ser realizada quando evidenciada essa lesão no exame de imagem. Relato do caso: homem de 31 anos, com nódulo indolor no testículo esquerdo. A ultrassonografia revelou nódulo de 3,2 cm, com margens irregulares e sinais de fluxo ao Doppler. Os marcadores tumorais eram normais. Realizou-se orquiectomia radical esquerda cujo anatomopatológico evidenciou achados compatíveis com cisto epidermoide. Considerações finais: melhorias nos exames de imagem auxiliarão na precisão diagnóstica para realização de tratamento menos agressivo para esse tipo de lesão.
Calcified maxillary fibroma in a patient on hemodialysis for seven years
Authors: Putranto Wachid , Pratama Yeremia Suryo , Krisandryka Krisandryka , Pangarso Eko Adi , Astuti Meira Dewi Kusuma , Prabowo Nurhasan Agung
Published: September 2024

Background: The presentation of mineral bone disorder (MBD) in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may vary. Consequently, physicians should be capable of recognising this condition when there is a suspicion of its existence. This case report will describe a calcified maxilla tumour as a manifestation of CKD-MBD. Case description: Initially asymptomatic, a 32-year-old female presented with progressive swelling of the upper left jaw. She had a history of routine haemodialysis. Further laboratory, radiological, and histopathological workup revealed the mass was indeed calcified maxillary fibroma arising from the manifestation of CKD-MBD. Conclusion: This study underscores the significance of clinical comprehension of the broad-spectrum manifestations of CKD-MBD, including an initially asymptomatic mass. In addition, the screening of the patient’s biochemical was required to determine the necessity of early intervention and improve the patient’s outcome.
The Role of Probiotics in Managing Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: An Updated Review
Authors: Białczyk Aleksandra , Rajewska Alicja , Junik Roman , Suwała Szymon
Published: September 2024

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become a very significant health problem worldwide, characterized by hepatic steatosis and systemic metabolic disturbances. Grasping the complex interaction between the intestine and liver, referred to as the gut-liver axis, is crucial to decipher the pathogenesis of MAFLD and identify potential therapeutic targets. Probiotics, which are live microorganisms offering health benefits, have garnered attention for their potential in treating MAFLD. A literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar using "MAFLD," "NAFLD," "probiotics," and "gut microbiota" yielded 642 studies; 32 clinical trials met the inclusion criteria for the final analysis. This review encapsulates the current knowledge of MAFLD pathophysiology, emphasizing the role of the gut-liver axis, and assesses the clinical evidence supporting probiotic treatments for MAFLD. The mechanisms of action of probiotics are explored, including their ability to modulate gut microbiota composition, enhance epithelial barrier function, and influence the immune response. Various randomized controlled trials have shown that probiotics are effective in enhancing several aspects of MAFLD, such as liver enzymes, lipid profiles, body mass index, insulin sensitivity, or even histological efficacy. However, mixed results have been reported in some clinical trials, highlighting the need for further research to optimize probiotic interventions. Future investigations should focus on standardized protocols, personalized approaches and exploring synergistic combinations with other therapeutic modalities to maximize the potential of probiotics in the treatment of MAFLD.
Bioactive and Nutritional Potential of an Infant Food Based on Mangifera Indica, Musa Paradisiaca, Chenopodium Quinoa and Amaranthus Caudatus Flour
Authors: Espinoza Luis Alfredo Espinoza- , Atoche-Dioses Sheyla Thalya , Ruiz-Flores Luis Alberto , Anaya-Palacios Mirtha Susana , Marcelo Jaime Valdiviezo- , Paredes-Lopez Daniel M. , Quintana Haydée Cárdenas- , Quispe Luz Arelis Moreno-
Published: September 2024

There are few studies in the scientific literature on Peruvian native cereal-based instant mixes. Food aid programs of the Peruvian government allow food to be distributed to infants in public schools, and in general, these foods contain carbohydrates and a protein fraction, but there is some rejection on the part of consumers due to the sensory aspect of the product that does not has been considered in this population. The objective of this study is to know the bioactive, nutritional potential and the level of sensory acceptance of infant food made from Andean pseudocereals from the Ancash region and tropical fruits from the Piura region, Peru. Three formulations were prepared based on mango, banana, quinoa and kiwicha flours (T1, T2 and T3) and were compared with a commercial product based on kiwicha and oatmeal. The total amounts of phenolic compounds, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, composition, water absorption index, oil, milk was determined; viscosity and sensory evaluations were carried out with the participation of preschool children (4 and 5 years). The content of phenols, ascorbic acid (AA) and antioxidant capacity of T1 and T2 were 10 times higher than the control treatment. Physical and chemical composition analysis showed that there were no significant differences among the treatments evaluated. Banana flour contributes to the water and oil absorption capacity and viscosity. Finally, the addition of quinoa and kiwicha flour improves milk absorption capacity. The characteristics of the developed mixtures allow the incorporation of more food and less water to increase viscosity acceptance. The greatest preferences were obtained by T2 and T1, obtaining a level of acceptance above 82%, which shows that today children have a healthy food alternative such as mixtures of Andean pseudocereals and tropical fruits without sacrificing their nutritional qualities.
Fortification of Dairy Products using Plant-derived Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Wazzan Huda
Published: September 2024

Dairy products are rich sources of essential vitamins, minerals, and various bioactive components crucial for biochemical and physiological well-being. Over the past decade, there has been a growing interest in dairy products fortified with antioxidants and plant extracts. This increased interest stems from the vital role dairy plays in human nutrition and the demand for “natural preservatives”. One particularly promising approach involves enhancing dairy products with plant-derived antioxidants. Antioxidants are critical in neutralizing and scavenging free radicals, constantly produced within the body. Free radicals can damage vital molecules and contribute to the development of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and even cancer. This damage is often associated with oxidative stress, a condition where the body's natural antioxidant defenses are overwhelmed by free radical production. This review examines the growing trend of fortifying dairy products (milk, ice cream, cheese, and yogurt) with natural ingredients to enhance their nutritional value and functionality. The review focuses on using plant extracts, herbs, spices, and other natural sources, exploring their fortification potential without compromising organoleptic properties. Finally, the review focuses on the potential benefits of incorporating plant-derived bioactive compounds to fortify the antioxidant capacity of milk and dairy products.
LIVROS QUE AJUDAM A PENSAR E A CONVERSAR -
Authors: Souza Nascimento Bárbhara Elyzabeth , Perrusi Brandão Ana Carolina
Published: September 2024

Com base na concepção sociointeracionista de leitura, pesquisas com professoras (NASCIMENTO, 2009; 2012; 2021; BRANDÃO, BEZERRA, SILVA, 2021) têm destacado a importância da escolha do livro de literatura enquanto artefato cultural para a mobilização de conversas com crianças sobre o texto e temas suscitados por ele. Tais pesquisas também têm constatado que a leitura e a conversa nas rodas de história podem provocar reflexões que ampliam as perspectivas das crianças, alimentando sua imaginação e a construção de um olhar mais reflexivo sobre o mundo e sobre si mesmas. Considerando que ler com prazer não se contrapõe a uma ação pedagógica intencional, neste artigo, buscamos explorar a seguinte pergunta: que livros podem ajudar crianças da Educação Infantil a exercitarem o pensamento crítico e criativo nas rodas de história? Com essa intenção, solicitamos a três professoras que atuam em instituições públicas do Recife com crianças entre 4 e 6 anos e que, regularmente, planejam e conduzem sessões de leitura e conversa com seus grupos, que selecionassem alguns livros. As obras indicadas pelas docentes foram analisadas e distribuídas em três categorias: textos em prosa ou em versos que podem mobilizar pontos de vista diferentes; livros de imagens que exploram a criatividade do pensamento e convocam, de modo mais direto, a expressão das crianças; livros que estimulam a reflexão sobre temas específicos. Concluímos que as 11 obras selecionadas pelas professoras apresentavam boa qualidade gráfico-editorial e potencial para mobilizar o pensamento crítico e criativo das crianças com perguntas para as quais não há respostas prontas.
Single-shot picosecond interferometry for the characterization of laser-driven shock waves
Authors: Saini Gagan , Kooi Steven E. , Nelson Keith A. , Pezeril Thomas
Published: September 2024

In conventional laser-driven shock experiments, an out-of-plane shock wave is launched and is typically detected interferometrically after it propagates through the sample. In such experiments, the target materials are unavoidably optically damaged at each laser shot. This necessitates changing targets after laser exposure, lowering the shot-to-shot reproducibility and data quality. Here we present a Sagnac interferometer combined with an echelon that can split a single femtosecond probe into many beams, very well adapted for single-shot interferometric characterization of laser-induced shock waves. The echelon provides a 10 ps time resolution and a full time window of about 150 ps. The simplicity, stability, and sensitivity of the single-shot Sagnac interferometer technique ease the thorough characterization of picosecond to nanosecond shock waves, specifically for samples available in limited quantities or for samples that are not uniform from one region to the next.
Design method of zoom systems based on high-order structural aberration coefficients
Authors: Jipeng Zhang , Guangwei Shi , Haokun Ye , Yuqi Huang , Zhao Shangnan , Xin Zhang
Published: September 2024

Optical zoom systems have found widespread applications in fields such as security and mobile phone lenses. The theory of zoom lens design has also developed from the first order to the third order. To address the demands for large aperture, wide field, and aspheric surfaces, a zoom system design method based on high-order structural aberration coefficients is introduced. Initially, the structural aberration forms, encompassing intrinsic aberrations, extrinsic aberrations, and aspheric aberrations, were derived using existing high-order aberration theory. The fifth-order aberration contributions of the system can be directly determined with only a first-order layout and predetermined materials. Based on the above derivation, a zoom system design method is proposed, which utilizes the lens model surfaces and aspheric surfaces with zero optical power to formulate a merit function and optimize the initial structure to meet first-order, third-order, and fifth-order performance simultaneously. This method was validated through the implementation of both refractive and reflective lenses.
Tunable lattice-induced transparent metasurface for dynamic terahertz wave modulation
Authors: Guo Wenpeng , Wang Yu , Tan Peng , Wang Guanchao , Li Zhenghao , Liu Chenxiang , Che Xingkai , Li Li , Tian Hao
Published: September 2024

Tunable metasurfaces offer a promising avenue for dynamically modulating terahertz waves. Phase-change materials are crucial in this dynamic modulation, enabling precise and reversible control over the electromagnetic properties of the metasurfaces. In this study, we designed and experimentally fabricated a tunable lattice-induced transparent metasurface. This metasurface comprises two gold rod resonators exhibiting different periodic distributions, each supporting an electric dipole resonance at 2.03 THz and a surface lattice resonance at 1.51 THz, respectively. By combining these structures, we realize lattice-induced transparency. Simulation results show that the phase change of Ge2Sb2Te5 modulates these resonances, with the crystalline state significantly weakening their resonance strength intensity. The maximum modulation depth of the lattice-induced transparency peak can reach 44.4%. Experimental results of laser-induced GST phase changes confirm a modulation depth of 42.4%. This innovative metasurface design holds promise for applications in terahertz communication systems.