bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraordinary Heterosis Found In A Forage Grass Hybrid, Festuca apennina × F. pratensis
Authors: Boller Beat , Kopecký David
Published: February 2020

Background: Heterosis (or hybrid vigor) is the over-performance of a hybrid over its parents in a specific trait or a set of traits. As such, hybrid breeding serves as a tool to efficiently trigger gains in breeding programs. Moreover, hybrids of genetically distant landraces, varieties or even species may become evolutionary successful. In Swiss alpine swards, we observed frequent prevalence of triploid hybrids of Festuca pratensis × F. apennina with outstanding competitiveness relative to their parental species in the sites of sympatric occurrence. Results: Observations of these highly vigorous hybrids prompted the study on their heterosis across various environmental conditions. Phenotypic observations during three years at four locations at different altitudes (from 200 m a.s.l. to 1850 m a.s.l.) have shown significant heterosis for dry biomass production at all sites during the first and second year, and at the mid- and high altitude sites also in the third year. At mid-altitude (1000 m a.s.l.), heterosis increased steadily and reached a maximum of +508 % for annual yield (+626% for a single cut) in the third year. This is by far the highest value of heterosis ever reported for annual dry mass yield of a forage grass. Conclusions: Further utilization of triploid hybrids in forage grass breeding is hampered by their sterility hence a need for vegetative propagation. However, artificial chromosome doubling of triploids to create fertile hexaploids, or seeking ways to propagate them vegetatively at an industrial scale might overcome this limitation.
The relationship between physical activity, apolipoprotein E ε4 carriage and brain health
Authors: de Frutos-Lucas Jaisalmer , Cuesta Pablo , Lopez-Sanz David , Peral-Suarez Africa , Cuadrado-Soto Esther , Ramirez-Toraño Federico , Brown Belinda M , Rodriguez Juan M , Laws Simon M , Rodriguez-Rojo Inmaculada C , Verdejo-Roman Juan , Bruña Ricardo , Delgado-Losada Maria L , Barabash Ana , Lopez-Sobaler Ana M , Lopez-Higes Ramon , Marcos Alberto , Maestu Fernando
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUNDNeuronal hyperexcitability and hypersynchrony have been described as key features of neurophysiological dysfunctions in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum. Conversely, physical activity (PA) has been associated with improved brain health and reduced AD risk. However, there is controversy regarding whether AD genetic risk (in terms of APOE ε4 carriage) modulates these relationships. The utilization of multiple outcome measures within one sample may strengthen our understanding of this complex phenomenon. METHODThe relationship between PA and functional connectivity (FC) was examined in a sample of 107 healthy older adults using magnetoencephalography. Additionally, we explored whether ε4 carriage modulates this association. The correlation between FC and brain structural integrity, cognition and mood was also investigated. RESULTSA relationship between higher PA and decreased FC (hyposynchrony) in the left temporal lobe was observed among all individuals (across the whole sample, in ε4 carriers and in ε4 non-carriers), but its effects manifest differently according to genetic risk. In ε4 carriers, we report an association between this region-specific FC profile and preserved brain structure (greater gray matter volumes and higher integrity of white matter tracts). In this group decreased FC also correlated with reduced anxiety levels. In ε4 non-carriers, this profile is associated with improved cognition (working and episodic memory). CONCLUSIONSPA could mitigate the increase in FC (hypersynchronization) that characterizes prodromal AD, being beneficial for all individuals, including ε4 carriers.
No gender difference in synaptic potentiation in the anterior cingulate cortex of adult mice
Authors: Liu Ren-Hao , Xue Man , Li Xu-Hui , Zhuo Min
Published: February 2020

Gender differences in certain types of pain sensitivity and emotional responses have been previously reported. Synaptic plasticity is a key cellular mechanism for pain perception and emotional regulation, including long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). However, it is unclear whether there is a gender difference at synaptic level. Recent studies indicate that excitatory transmission and plasticity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are critical in chronic pain and pain related emotional responses. In the present study, we used 64-channel multielectrode (MED64) system to record synaptic plasticity in the ACC of male and female adult mice. We found that there was no significant difference in theta-burst stimulation (TBS)-induced LTP between female and male mice. Furthermore, the recruitment of inactive channels was also not different. For LTD, we found that LTD was greater in slices of ACC in male mice than female mice. Our results demonstrate that LTP in the ACC does not show any gender-related difference.
Comparing the Effect of Methadone, Buprenorphine, and Opium Tincture on QTc Interval in Addicted Patients Undergoing Maintenance Therapy
Authors: Seyedi Malihe , Hojjat Seyyed Kaveh , Rezaeian Nahid , Khalili Mina Norouzi , Zadehbagheri Fatemeh , Asadian Sanaz , Bakhtiarpour Saeed , Hosseini Leila
Published: February 2020

Background : Methadone, buprenorphine, and opium tincture are effective in the treatment of opioid dependency. Currently, in Iran, these three drugs are used in the maintenance therapy program of opioids. On the other word, there are concerns about the incidence of secondary torsade de point (TdP) arrhythmia caused by the prolonged drug-dependent QTc interval. This cross-sectional study has been designed to evaluate and compare the effects of these three maintenance therapies on the QTc interval. Methods : The study population included 110 patients (85% male with the mean age of 51.66±13.34) who participated in an opioid maintenance therapy program for at least 6 months. These patients were assigned to three groups of maintenance therapy with methadone (n = 50), buprenorphine (n = 30) and opium tincture (n = 30). For each patient, a 12-lead ECG was acquired and interpreted. The QT interval was corrected based on the QTc = QT + 1/75 (heart rate - 60) formula. Results : The mean QTc interval was 408.51 ± 25.88 msec in the maintenance therapy group with methadone, 405.58 ± 20.8 msec with buprenorphine and 406.31 ± 16.9 with opium tincture. There was no significant difference between the three groups (P = 0.83). There was only one case with QTc more than 500 msec (511.25 msec) in the maintenance therapy group with methadone. Conclusions : Methadone, buprenorphine and opium tincture are safe drugs in terms of prolonging the QTc interval and are suitable candidates for maintenance therapy of opioid.
Early empirical antimicrobial therapy does not prevent sepsis development in critically ill surgical patients with suspected nosocomial infection: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Bassi Estêvão , Tomazini Bruno Martins , Carneiro Bárbara Vieira , Siqueira Amanda Rodrigues de Oliveira , Siqueira Sara Rodrigues de Oliveira , Guimarães Thais , Novo Fernando Ferreira da Costa , Utiyama Edivaldo Massazo , Pelosi Paolo , Malbouisson Luiz Marcelo Sá
Published: February 2020

Background: Early administration of antibiotics to septic shock patients decreases in-hospital mortality, but there is a lack of studies evaluating the role of early empirical antibiotics in surgical patients with suspected nosocomial infection without sepsis. Methods: Retrospective cohort of adult patients admitted to a surgical Intensive Care Unit in a tertiary hospital. We defined early empirical antibiotic group by the initiation of antibiotic therapy within 24h after infection’s suspicion, and conservative group by antibiotic therapy initiation 24 hours after infection’s suspicion or not prescribed within 14 days. The primary outcome was a composite of death, septic shock or sepsis within 14 days from the clinical suspicion of infection. Regression models were used to identify associations between factors and the primary outcome. Results: From 2007 patients admitted to intensive care unit, 341 surgical patients (71% trauma patients) with suspected nosocomial infection without sepsis and with no obvious source of infection were included in the cohort. Age, gender, traumatic brain injury, admission type (trauma vs. non-trauma), SAPS 3, SOFA, vasopressor use or rate of mechanical ventilation did not differ between early empirical antibiotic and conservative groups. In the conservative group, 57% of patients received antibiotics within 14 days. The composite primary outcome occurred in 41% of patients in the conservative group and 56% in the early empirical antimicrobial group, (p=0.007). The 14-day incidence of septic shock or mortality was similar in both groups. Multivariate analysis showed early antimicrobial therapy (OR 1.83 [95% CI 1.16-2.88] , p = 0.008), non-trauma admission (OR 2.32 [1.40-3.90], p = 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (OR 2.09 [1.31-3.35], p = 0.002) were associated with the primary outcome. Exploratory analysis including only patients with positive cultures also did not find any benefit of early empiric antibiotic therapy (OR 1.39 [0.78-2.49], p = 0.26) Conclusions: Early empiric antibiotic therapy does not decrease the incidence of sepsis, septic shock or death within 14 days in critically ill stable surgical patients with suspected infection but with no obvious source.
The Effect of Theory-lead Intervention for Knee Osteoarthritis in Older Adults: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Wang Limin , Chen Hongbo , Lu Han , Wang Yunlin , Liu Congying , Dong Xu , Chen Jieru , Liu Nan , Yu Fang , Wan Qiaoqin , Shang Shaomei
Published: February 2020

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common joint disease in people over 60 years old. Exercise therapy is one of the most effective non-pharmacological treatments for KOA, but low exercise adherence needs to be improved. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the transtheoretical model-lead home exercise intervention (TTM-HEI) program on exercise adherence, KOA symptoms and knee function in older adults with KOA. Methods: A two-arm, superiority, assessor-blinded, cluster randomized trial was conducted. Community-dwelling older adults with KOA were recruited from 14 community centers in Beijing, China via print and social media advertisements from April to October 2018. The intervention was a two-stage and 24-week transtheoretical model-based exercise program, and the control group underwent a same length but non-theory-based exercise program. Exercise adherence was measured by an 11-point numerical self-rating scale at weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48 after the program started. KOA symptoms (pain intensity and joint stiffness) and knee function (lower limb muscle strength and balance) were measured at baseline, week 24, and week 48. Latent growth model (GLM), repeated measures ANOVA and independent t-test were the main statistical tests.Results: A total of 189 older adults (intervention group: n = 103, control group: n = 86) were enrolled. Differences of any outcome measures at baseline were not significant between groups. The growth rate of exercise adherence in the intervention group increased 2.175 units compared with the control group (unstandardized coefficient of slope on group B2 = 2.175, p < 0.001), and the intervention program maintained participants’ exercise adherence with 5.56 (SD = 1.00) compared with 3.16 (SD = 1.31) in the control group at week 48. In addition, TTM-HEI program showed significant effects on relieving KOA symptoms and improving knee function.Conclusion: The TTM-HEI could improve the participants’ exercise adherence, knee osteoarthritis symptoms and knee function over time.
Clinical, haematological and biochemical findings in tigers infected by Leishmania infantum
Authors: Cavalera Maria Alfonsa , Iatta Roberta , Laricchiuta Pietro , Passantino Giuseppe , Abramo Francesca , Roldan Jairo Alfonso Mendoza , Otranto Domenico , Zatelli Andrea
Published: February 2020

Background A large number of animal species are susceptible to Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae) in endemic areas, including domestic and wild felids such as tigers (Panthera tigris). Knowledge on the infection of this endangered species is still at its infancy, and therefore this study aims to identify clinical presentation and clinicopathological findings of tigers naturally infected by L. infantum. Results Tigers either L. infantum-positive (group A) or -negative (group B) were apparently healthy or presented visceral leishmaniasis unrelated conditions, except for one animal in which a large non-healing cutaneous lesion was observed. However, histological exam and immunohistochemistry carried out on the lesion excluded the presence of L. infantum amastigotes. Biochemical analysis showed that the average concentration of total proteins, globulins and haptoglobin were significantly higher (p<0.01, p=0.01 and p=0.02, respectively), while the albumin/globulin ratio significantly lower (p=0.05) in group A compared with group B. The biochemical alterations were partially confirmed by the serum protein electrophoresis results revealing a significant increase in the total protein value (p=0.01) and hypergammaglobulinemia (p=0.03) but an unmodified albumin/globulin ratio in group A.Conclusions In this study tigers infected by L. infantum have shown to be mainly asymptomatic. The absence of clinical signs may lead veterinarians to overlook leishmaniasis in animals kept in captivity. Therefore, diagnostic and screening tests as serology should be part of routinely surveillance programs to be performed on tigers in zoological gardens located in endemic areas. Though only few protein-related laboratory abnormalities were recorded in infected animals, they could provide diagnostic clues for a first suspicion of L. infantum infection in tigers. Indeed, considering the high risk of zoonotic transmission in heavily frequented environment as zoos, a prompt diagnosis of L. infantum infection is of pivotal importance.
Retraction of transporting bone segment during Ilizarov bone transport
Authors: Ma Yunhong , Ma Yun-hong , Yin Qu-dong , Wu Yong-wei , Wang Zong-nan , Sun Zhen-zhong , Gu San-jun , Rui Yong-jun , Han Xiao-fei
Published: February 2020

Objective To investigate the cause and relevant factors of retraction of transporting bone segment (TBS) after removal of its fixator during Ilizarov bone transport. Methods The clinical data of 37 cases with tibial bone defect treated by Ilizarov bone transport, in whom the TBSs were removed before mature of mineralization of the distraction callus and union of the docking site, were analyzed retrospectively. Bivariate correlation was used to analyze relationship between retraction distance of TBS and age, gender, disease course, length of bone defect, times of pre-operation, size of TBS, transport distance, cause of removal, timing and time interval of removal of TBS fixator. Risk factors with significant level were further identified using multivariate linear regression. Results Bivariate correlation analysis showed that the timing of removal was negatively correlated with the retraction distance, the time interval, cause of removal, transport distance and size of TBS were positively correlated with the transport distance(all p<0.05), whereas the age, gender, disease course, length of bone defect and times of pre-operation were not correlated with the transport distance(p>0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis of the 5 risk factors showed that the timing of removal, transport distance and cause of removal were independent risk factors for the retraction distance (p<0.05), of which, the timing of removal had the greatest impact, followed by the transport distance and cause of removal. The transport distance and time interval were not significant for the retraction (p>0.05). Conclusion The TBS is subjected to distraction force from all the adherent soft tissues during Ilizarov bone transport, which has elastic properties and can make a retraction of TBS if its fixator is removed before mature of mineralization of the distraction callus and union of the docking site. The retraction distance is related to the TBS size, transport distance, timing and time interval of removal of TBS fixator. Importantly, the timing of removal and transport distance are the main factors for the retraction, especially the timing of removal had the greatest impact.
LncRNA MEG3 rs3087918 was associated with a decreased breast cancer risk in a Chinese population: a case-control study
Authors: Zheng Yi , Wang Meng , Wang Shuqian , Xu Peng , Deng Yujiao , Lin Shuai , Li Na , Liu Kang , Zhu Yuyao , Zhai Zhen , Wu Ying , Dai Zhi-Jun , Zhu Gaixia
Published: February 2020

Background LncRNA MEG3 expressed abnormally in various cancers including breast cancer, but no studies reported the correlation between MEG3 SNPs and breast cancer susceptibility. Methods This study is aimed to explore the association between three SNPs of MEG3 (rs3087918, rs7158663, rs11160608) and breast cancer. The study is a population-based case-control study including 434 breast cancer patients and 700 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using Sequence MassArray technique. Function prediction of rs3087918 were based on RNAfold and lncRNASNP2 databases. Results Pooled analysis indicated that rs3087918 was related to a decreased risk of breast cancer (GG vs. TT: P = 0.042; GG vs. TT + TG: P = 0.046), especially for women aged 49 and above (GG vs. TT: P = 0.02). Comparison between case groups showed genotype GG and TG/GG of rs3087918 were correlated with her-2 receptor expression (GG vs. TT: P = 0.010; TG + GG vs. TT: P = 0.045). We didn’t find statistical significance for rs11160608, rs7158663 and breast cancer. Structure prediction based on RNAfold found rs3087918 may influence the secondary structure of MEG3. The results based on lncRNASNP2 indicated rs3087918 may gain the targets of hsa-miR-1203 to MEG3, while loss the target of hsa-miR-139-3p and hsa-miR-5091 to MEG3. Conclusions MEG3 rs3087918 was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer. MEG3 haplotype TCG (SNP sequence: rs3087918, rs11160608, rs7158663) may increase the risk of breast cancer. And the protest effect of rs3087918 on breast cancer may owe to its effect on the structure and function of MEG3.
Experiences and views of different key stakeholders on the feasibility of treating cancer-related fatigue
Authors: Canella Claudia , Mikolasek Michael , Rostock Matthias , Guckenberger Matthias , Jenewein Josef , Linka Esther , Six Claudia , Stoll Sarah , Stupp Roger , Witt Claudia M.
Published: February 2020

Background: Although cancer-related fatigue (CRF) has gained increased attention in the past decade, therapy remains a challenge. Treatment programs are more likely to be effective if the needs and interests of the persons involved are well represented. This can be achieved by stakeholder engagement. In this paper, different key stakeholders' experiences and views on the feasibility of treating CRF in the context of supportive care in hospital environments are analyzed. Method: In a qualitative study with the aim of developing an integrative treatment program for CRF, a total of 22 stakeholders (6 medical oncologists, 5 nurses, 9 patients, 1 patient family member, 1 representative of the Swiss Cancer League) were interviewed either in a face-to-face (n=12) or focus group setting (n=2). For data analyses, the method of qualitative content analysis was used. Results: The stakeholders referred to different barriers and facilitators when talking about the feasibility of treating CRF in the context of supportive care in hospital environments. These included assessment, reporting and information; treatability; attitude and mindset; infrastructure, time-management, costs and affordability; and integrative approach. Conclusions : Key factors of a feasible treatment approach to CRF are a coherent, cost effective integrative treatment program facilitated by an interdisciplinary team of health care providers. Furthermore, the treatment approach should be patient orientated, adopting an individualized approach. The major challenges of making the integrative treatment program feasible for CRF are resources and interprofessional collaboration.
Psychological, social, and motivational factors in the drug user care-seekers
Authors: Shahrabadi Sana , Jalali Amir , Jalali Rostam , Gholami Ali
Published: February 2020

Background In addition to the family and society’s support, the drug user plays a key role in the process of treatment and rehabilitation. Therefore, it is imperative to find the psychological, social, and motivational factors that can help them in the treatment process. The present study is an attempt to determine the relationship of psychological, social, and motivational factors and demographics of drug user care-seekers. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out. Psychological, Social, and Motivational Performance Questionnaire for drug users was first translated into Farsi and validated after securing a permission from the copyright holder of the tool. Participants were 250 drug user care-seekers under methadone therapy who were selected through convenient sampling. Before analyzing the collected data, validity and reliability of the tool were confirmed using confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses. Given the scale of demographical data, suitable statistics were used to analyze the relationship between demographical variables and psychological, social, and motivational factors. Results The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that out of 83 statements in the original questionnaire, 55 statements categorized into 11 aspects were usable for Iranian population. The results showed that gender, income, and marital status were effective in psychological performance of the drug users (P<0.05). However, education level, domicile, and type of drug and consumption did not have a significant relationship with social performance of the participants (p>0.05). There was a significant relationship between age, number of children, and history of using drug and psychological performance of the participants (P<0.01). The results showed that the demographics did not have a notable effect on the participants’ motivation for treatment; only marital status had a significant relationship with the participants’ readiness for treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion As the results showed, the demographical variables could affect physical, psychological, and motivational readiness in the participants.
Prevalence And Factors Associated With Substance Use Among Street Children In Jimma Town, Oromiya National Regional State, Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ayenew Mengistu , Kabeta Teshome , Woldemichael Kifle
Published: February 2020

Background Street children constitute a marginalized population in most urban centers of the world. According to UN sources there are up to 150 million street children in the world today. World Health Organization estimates that globally, 25- 90% of street children indulge in substance use. Research on street children and their substance use habits in Ethiopia, specifically in Jimma is limited.Objectives To assess the prevalence and factors associated with substance use among street children in Jimma town, EthiopiaMethods Cross sectional study was undertaken from March 1-31, 2019. Complete enumeration of study subjects was done and a total of 312 children of the street were included in the study. Bivariate logistic regression was carried out to select candidate for multivariable logistic regression analysis with p-value <0.25 at 95% confidence. Multi variable logistic regression was carried out with those candidate variables using backward method and association was declared with p value of <0.05 at 95% confidence level.Result Three hundred twelve street children with response rate of 96.2% were included in the study. The prevalence of substance use was 96(30.8%) with 95% CI [25-36.2]. Age>14 [AOR: 1.97 95%CI:1.00-3.889], attending grade 1-4th [AOR: 0.33 95%CI:0.151-0.737], attending grade 5th and above [AOR: 0.27 CI:0.093-0.756], child whose mother used substances [AOR: 7.78 95%CI:3.00-20.11], child didn’t know his maternal substance use status [AOR:5.1 95%CI: 2.19-11.81], child whose sibling use substance [AOR: 2.23 95%CI:1.254-5.63], best friend substance use[AOR: 11.01 95%CI:5.47-25.04] and staying 12-60 months on the street [AOR:3.00 95%CI:1.511-5.96] and staying >5 years on the street [AOR:4.6 95%CI:1.06-19.7] were significantly associated with substance use.Conclusion and recommendation The prevalence of substance use among street children in Jimma town was high. Mother and siblings have crucial role in determining substance use behavior of the children. Both governmental and non-governmental organizations working on children of the street should do intervention on Parents and friends since they are role models for the street children. Researchers should do more researches on these neglected groups of children.
Regret over the delay in childbearing decision negatively associates with life satisfaction among Japanese women and men seeking fertility treatment: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Adachi Tomoko , Endo Masayuki , Ohashi Kazutomo
Published: February 2020

Background Currently, in developed countries, more and more women and men intend to delay childbearing and, later in life, seek fertility treatment. Some women undergoing infertility treatment develop negative feelings (anxiety, depression and irritation) associated with low life satisfaction. We aimed to examine the association between infertility-related factors, including regret over the delay in childbearing decision and life satisfaction, among Japanese women and men seeking fertility treatment. Methods This cross-sectional study included 253 women and 196 men referred to fertility facilities in Japan from July to December 2018. Participants completed a questionnaire on infertility-related factors, regret over the delay in childbearing decision, life satisfaction and sociodemographic characteristics. Life satisfaction was measured with Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the degree of regret over delay in childbearing decision was measured using a seven-point Likert scale. Participants were divided into two groups based on the neutral point of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (20-point score). Answers from the groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous and ordinal variables and Chi-square tests for categorical variables. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between infertility-related factors and life satisfaction. Results Regrets over the delay in childbearing decision were significantly higher in the low life satisfaction group than the high life satisfaction group ( p = 0.010); it was also negatively associated with life satisfaction (adjusted Odds Ratio = 0.85, 95% confidence interval = 0.74-0.97, p = 0.020). Further, life satisfaction was positively associated with previous live birth (adjusted Odds Ratio = 2.84, 95% confidence interval = 1.38-5.85, p = 0.005). Conclusions To reduce their regret over their decision-making related to childbearing, women and men seeking fertility treatment should be cared for by health professionals. Moreover, reproductive-aged women and men need to make informed decision-making about the timing of childbearing to avoid, later in life, feelings of regret over delayed decisions, mainly because not regretting such an important aspect of life is crucial to allow people to live a satisfying life.
TRANSNATIONAL COMPANIES’ STRATEGIC PLANNING IN THE CONTEXT OF THE GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Authors: Kostyuchenko N. , Zakorko A.
Published: February 2020

The paper is dedicated to the investigation of the impact of the Global Sustainable Development Goals on the strategic planning of transnational corporations and their competitiveness.
The object of the paper is transnational corporations in the sector of fast-moving consumer goods, particularly: Danone S.A., Kraft Heinz, PepsiCo Inc., the Coca Cola company, Unilever PLC, P&G, Johnson& Johnson, Mondelez International, Nestle S.A., Philip Morris International, British American Tobacco.
The article focuses on analysis of fast-moving consumer goods’ sector and examines the relevance of the companies’ activities to the Global Sustainable Development Goals. The role of “green” investments for competitiveness of transnational corporations has been identified.
The information base of the paper is the United Nations’ information materials, Forbes information resources, the statistical data of NASDAQ, publications of famous audit and consulting companies (Deloitte, KPMG, PwC), transnational companies’ official reports, and scientific papers of Ukrainian and foreign researches.
A rank of scientific research methods was applied in the paper: descriptive method - for general analysis of transnational companies’ strategic planning; analytical method and comparative method - for evaluation and analysis of transnational corporations’ stock prices and market capitalization in the fast-moving consumer goods’ sector; system analysis - for identification of the key characteristics of strategic planning of transnational corporations in the context of the Global Sustainable Development Goals.
The authors propose recommendations that can be used while creating strategies for the development of international companies, including transnational corporations, as well as while analyzing the compliance of existing companies' strategies with the Global Sustainable Development Goals.
Keywords:
fast-moving consumer goods’ market, Global Report Initiative, Global Sustainable Development Goals, strategic planning, transnational corporations.
APPROACHES TO THE DEPLOYMENT OF SMART ENERGY NETWORKS
Authors: Vakulenko I. , Kolosok S. , Pryimenko S. , Matvieieva Iu.
Published: February 2020

The article discusses two fundamentally different approaches to deploying smart, environmentally friendly energy networks. The key aspects of the formation of a market and administrative mechanism for stimulating the development of alternative energy and transformation of the traditional energy model with the systematic application of the principle of distributed energy generation are identified. The European Union's experience in developing an adaptive energy system combining traditional energy technologies and innovative developments aimed at improving the efficiency of energy system operation and integrating disparate energy systems of individual countries belonging to the European Union into a single pan-european energy system was used to achieve the objectives of the study, which entails widespread use of "smart" energy technologies that will allow not only to form an effective model of energy generation, and power consumption, and promote the development of the concept of "smart" cities, ensuring compliance with the necessary conditions for the use of power as a basic element of innovative development of society and the acceleration of technological progress.
The article identifies two fundamental approaches to large-scale development of the energy system using smart energy networks: iterative approach and project approach.
The iterative approach is to develop the energy system as a whole, with the gradual introduction of energy innovations, which creates corresponding iterations. Accordingly, this approach is characterized by the presence of separate logically ordered stages, where the next stage is possible only after the previous one is completed.
The project approach is to implement local high-tech projects with the use of smart grids in a limited area and then integrate disparate projects into a single energy system.
Keywords:
"smart" grids, energy, energy strategy, distributed power generation.
Ground-state correlation energy of beryllium dimer by the Bethe-Salpeter equation
Authors: Li Jing , Duchemin Ivan , Blase Xavier , Olevano Valerio
Published: February 2020

Since the ’30s the interatomic potential of the beryllium dimer
Be_22
has been both an experimental and a theoretical challenge. Calculating
the ground-state correlation energy of Be_22
along its dissociation path is a difficult problem for theory. We
present ab initio many-body perturbation theory
calculations of the Be_22
interatomic potential using the GWGW
approximation and the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE). The ground-state
correlation energy is calculated by the trace formula with checks
against the adiabatic-connection fluctuation-dissipation theorem
formula. We show that inclusion of GWGW
corrections already improves the energy even at the level of the
random-phase approximation. At the level of the BSE on top of the
GWGW
approximation, our calculation is in surprising agreement with the most
accurate theories and with experiment. It even reproduces an
experimentally observed flattening of the interatomic potential due to a
delicate correlations balance from a competition between covalent and
van der Waals bonding.
Review of recent advances in climate change detection and attribution studies: a large-scale hydroclimatological perspective
Authors: Sonali P. , Nagesh Kumar D.
Published: February 2020

The rapid changes in global average surface temperature have unfathomed influences on human society, environment, ecosystem, availability of food and fresh water. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and human-induced effects are playing an enhanced role in climate change. It is of utmost importance to ascertain the hydroclimatological changes in order to ascertain the characteristics of detection and attribution (D&A) of human-induced anthropogenic influences on recent warming. Climate change D&A are interrelated. Their study enhances our understanding about the rudimentary causes leading to climate changes and hence, considered as a decisive element in all Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Reports. An extensive discussion of the concerned scientific literature on climate change D&A is indispensably needed for the scientific community to assess climate change threats in clear terms. This study has reviewed various processes and advances in climate change D&A analyses at global/regional scales during the past few decades. Regression-based optimal fingerprint approach is majorly employed in climate change D&A studies. The accumulation of inferences presented in this study from numerous studies could be extremely helpful for the scientific community and policymakers as they deal with climate change adaptation and mitigation challenges.
Impact of Intensive Care Unit Readmissions on Patient Outcomes and the Evaluation of the National Early Warning Score to Prevent Readmissions: Literature Review
Authors: Mcneill Heidi , Khairat Saif
Published: February 2020

Background

Intensive care unit (ICU) readmissions have been shown to increase a patient’s in-hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS). Despite this, no methods have been set in place to prevent readmissions from occurring.

Objective

The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the impact of ICU readmission on patient outcomes and to evaluate the effect of using a risk stratification tool, the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), on ICU readmissions.

Methods

A database search was performed on PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. In the initial search, 2028 articles were retrieved; after inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 12 articles were ultimately used in this literature review.

Results

This literature review found that patients readmitted to the ICU have an increased mortality rate and LOS at the hospital. The sample sizes in the reviewed studies ranged from 158 to 745,187 patients. Readmissions were most commonly associated with respiratory issues about 18% to 59% of the time. The NEWS has been shown to detect early clinical deterioration in a patient within 24 hours of transfer, with a 95% CI of 0.89 to 0.94 (P<.001), a sensitivity of 93.6% , and a specificity of 82.2%.

Conclusions

ICU readmissions are associated with worse patient outcomes, including hospital mortality and increased LOS. Without the use of an objective screening tool, the provider has been solely responsible for the decision of patient transfer. Assessment with the NEWS could be helpful in decreasing the frequency of inappropriate transfers and ultimately ICU readmission.
Improving Retention in Care and Promoting Adherence to HIV Treatment: Protocol for a Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial of Mobile Phone Text Messaging
Authors: Tanue Elvis Asangbeng , Nsagha Dickson Shey , Theophile Nana Njamen , Assob Jules Clement Nguedia
Published: February 2020

Background

The World Health Organization has prioritized the use of new technologies to assist in health care delivery in resource-limited settings. Findings suggest that the use of SMS on mobile phones is an advantageous application in health care delivery, especially in communities with an increasing use of this device.

Objective

The main aim of this trial is to assess whether sending weekly motivational text messages (SMS) through mobile phones versus no text messaging will improve retention in care and promote adherence to treatment and health outcomes among patients receiving HIV treatment in Fako Division of Cameroon.

Methods

This is a multisite randomized controlled single-blinded trial. Computer-generated random block sizes shall be used to produce a randomization list. Participants shall be randomly allocated into the intervention and control groups determined by serially numbered sealed opaque envelopes. The 156 participants will either receive the mobile phone text message or usual standard of care. We hypothesize that sending weekly motivational SMS reminders will produce a change in behavior to enhance retention; treatment adherence; and, hence, health outcomes. Participants shall be evaluated and data collected at baseline and then at 2, 4, and 6 months after the launch of the intervention. Text messages shall be sent out, and the delivery will be recorded. Primary outcome measures are retention in care and adherence to treatment. Secondary outcomes are clinical (weight, body mass index), biological (virologic suppression, tuberculosis coinfection), quality of life, treatment discontinuation, and mortality. The analysis shall be by intention-to-treat. Analysis of covariates shall be performed to determine factors influencing outcomes.

Results

Recruitment and random allocation are complete; 160 participants were allocated into 3 groups (52 in the single SMS, 55 in the double SMS, and 53 in the control). Data collection and analysis are ongoing, and statistical results will be available by the end of August 2019.

Conclusions

The interventions will contribute to an improved understanding of which intervention types can be feasible in improving retention in care and promoting adherence to antiretroviral therapy.

Trial Registration

Pan African Clinical Trial Registry in South Africa PACTR201802003035922; https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=3035

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/15680
Mobile App to Improve House Officers’ Adherence to Advanced Cardiac Life Support Guidelines: Quality Improvement Study
Authors: Hejjaji Vittal , Malik Ali O , Peri-Okonny Poghni A , Thomas Merrill , Tang Yuanyuan , Wooldridge David , Spertus John A , Chan Paul S
Published: February 2020

Background

Effective and timely delivery of cardiac arrest interventions during in-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation is associated with greater survival. Whether a mobile app that provides timely reminders of critical interventions improves adherence to Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) guidelines among house officers, who may lack experience in leading resuscitations, remains unknown.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a commercially available, dynamic mobile app on house officers’ adherence to ACLS guidelines.

Methods

As part of a quality improvement initiative, internal medicine house officers were invited to participate and randomized to lead 2 consecutive cardiac arrest simulations, one with a novel mobile app and one without a novel mobile app. All simulations included 4 cycles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation with different cardiac arrest rhythms and were video recorded. The coprimary end points were chest compression fraction and number of correct interventions in each simulation. The secondary end point was incorrect interventions, defined as interventions not indicated by the 2015 ACLS guidelines. Paired t tests compared performance with and without the mobile app.

Results

Among 53 house officers, 26 house officers were randomized to lead the first simulation with the mobile app, and 27 house officers were randomized to do so without the app. Use of the mobile app was associated with a higher number of correct ACLS interventions (out of 7; mean 6.2 vs 5.1; absolute difference 1.1 [95% CI 0.6 to 1.6]; P<.001) as well as fewer incorrect ACLS interventions (mean 0.3 vs 1.0; absolute difference –0.7 [95% CI –0.3 to –1.0]; P<.001). Simulations with the mobile app also had a marginally higher chest compression fraction (mean 90.9% vs 89.0%; absolute difference 1.9% [95% CI 0.6% to 3.4%]; P=.007).

Conclusions

This proof-of-concept study suggests that this novel mobile app may improve adherence to ACLS protocols, but its effectiveness on survival in real-world resuscitations remains unknown.
Integrated Care Intervention Supported by a Mobile Health Tool for Patients Using Noninvasive Ventilation at Home: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Baltaxe Erik , Embid Cristina , Aumatell Eva , Martínez María , Barberan-Garcia Anael , Kelly John , Eaglesham John , Herranz Carmen , Vargiu Eloisa , Montserrat Josep Maria , Roca Josep , Cano Isaac
Published: February 2020

Background

Home-based noninvasive ventilation has proven cost-effective. But, adherence to therapy still constitutes a common clinical problem. We hypothesized that a behavioral intervention supported by a mobile health (mHealth) app could enhance patient self-efficacy. It is widely accepted that mHealth-supported services can enhance productive interactions among the stakeholders involved in home-based respiratory therapies.

Objective

This study aimed to measure changes in self-efficacy in patients with chronic respiratory failure due to diverse etiologies during a 3-month follow-up period after the intervention. Ancillary objectives were assessment of usability and acceptability of the mobile app as well as its potential contribution to collaborative work among stakeholders.

Methods

A single-blind, single-center, randomized controlled trial was conducted between February 2019 and June 2019 with 67 adult patients with chronic respiratory failure undergoing home-based noninvasive ventilation. In the intervention group, a psychologist delivered a face-to-face motivational intervention. Follow-up was supported by a mobile app that allowed patients to report the number of hours of daily noninvasive ventilation use and problems with the therapy. Advice was automatically delivered by the mobile app in case of a reported problem. The control group received usual care. The primary outcome was the change in the Self Efficacy in Sleep Apnea questionnaire score. Secondary outcomes included app usability, app acceptability, continuity of care, person-centered care, and ventilatory parameters.

Results

Self-efficacy was not significantly different in the intervention group after the intervention (before: mean 3.4, SD 0.6; after: mean 3.4, SD 0.5, P=.51). No changes were observed in adherence to therapy nor quality of life. Overall, the mHealth tool had a good usability score (mean 78 points) and high acceptance rate (mean score of 7.5/10 on a Likert scale). It was considered user-friendly (mean score of 8.2/10 on a Likert scale) and easy to use without assistance (mean score of 8.5/10 on a Likert scale). Patients also scored the perception of continuity of care and person-centered care as high.

Conclusions

The integrated care intervention supported by the mobile app did not improve patient self-management. However, the high acceptance of the mobile app might indicate potential for enhanced communication among stakeholders. The study identified key elements required for mHealth tools to provide effective support to collaborative work and personalized care.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03932175; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03932175
An Evidence-Based, Nursing Handover Standard for a Multisite Public Hospital in Switzerland: Web-Based, Modified Delphi Study (Preprint)
Authors: Tacchini-Jacquier Nadine , Hertzog Hélène , Ambord Kilian , Urben Peter , Turini Pierre , Verloo Henk
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Ineffective communication procedures create openings for errors when health care professionals fail to transfer complete, consistent information. Deficient or absent clinical handovers, or failures to transfer information, responsibility, and accountability, can have severe consequences for hospitalized patients. Clinical handovers are practiced every day, in many ways, in all institutional health care settings.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to design an evidence-based, nursing handover standard for inpatients for use at shift changes or internal transfers between hospital wards.

METHODS

We carried out a modified, multiround, web-based, Delphi data collection survey of an anonymized panel sample of 264 nurse experts working at a multisite public hospital in Switzerland. Each survey round was built on responses from the previous one. The surveys ended with a focus group discussion consisting of a randomly selected panel of participants to explain why items for the evidence-based clinical nursing handover standard were selected or not selected. Items had to achieve a consensus of ≥70% for selection and inclusion.

RESULTS

The study presents the items selected by consensus for an evidence-based nursing handover standard for inpatients for use at shift changes or internal transfers. It also presents the reasons why survey items were or were not included.

CONCLUSIONS

This modified Delphi survey method enabled us to develop a consensus- and evidence-based nursing handover standard now being trialed at shift changes and the internal transfers of inpatients at our multisite public hospital in Switzerland.
O PAPEL DO PRINCÍPIO JURÍDICO DA SOLIDARIEDADE NO DIREITO DA UNIÃO EUROPEIA EM CASOS DE CRISES MIGRATÓRIAS: AMOR EM TEMPO DE MUROS
THE ROLE OF THE LEGAL PRINCIPLE OF SOLIDARITY IN EUROPEAN UNION LAW IN MIGRATION CRISIS: LOVE IN TIME OF WALLS
Authors: Ilha Jônatas Michels , Reis Jorge Renato dos
Published: February 2020

Trata-se da análise jurídica da crise migratória do mediterrâneo do ano de 2015 que levou milhares de migrantes a cruzarem o mar mediterrâneo para buscarem asilo na União Europeia, através da Itália e Grécia, que suscitou e ainda suscita diversas questões complexas a se resolverem. O presente trabalho visa uma análise jurídica de um princípio ainda pouco explorado no Direito da União Europeia, e tem como suporte os Acórdãos C-643/15 e C-647/15 (apensos) do Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia (TJUE). O referido caso versa sobre o princípio jurídico da solidariedade e divisão equitativa de responsabilidades entre Estados-Membros em caso de necessária recolocação de migrantes de países terceiros. No caso em questão os Estados-Membros foram chamados a acudir os Estados originários de chegada dos migrantes, e assim dividir responsabilidades, e efetivar o princípio jurídico da solidariedade. Este trabalho se aterá a explorar aspectos comuns em crises migratórias como a em questão, investigando mais detalhadamente a aplicação do princípio jurídico da solidariedade no direito migratório, tendo como base o caso da crise migratória do mediterrâneo ocorrida no ano de 2015. Para tanto, se valerá do método dedutivo, do procedimento monográfico e da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica.