bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FUNCTIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TEXTURED PRODUCTS
OF DIFFERENT FRACTIONAL COMPOSITION OF EXTRUDED GRAIN CEREALS
Authors: ЯНОВА М.А. , РОСЛЯКОВ Ю.Ф. , СМОЛЬНИКОВА Я.В. , СТУТКО О.В. , ГУРСКИХ П.С.
Published: November 2021

Дана сравнительная оценка функционально-технологических характеристик текстурированных зернопродуктов (ТЗ). В качестве объектов исследований взяты текстураты, полученные из экструдированного зерна (ЭЗ) пшеницы, ячменя и овса различного фракционного состава. Определены функционально-технологические характеристики ТЗ: влагосвязывающая способность (ВСС), влагоудерживающая способность (ВУС), жироудерживающая способность (ЖУС). Установлено, что ВСС ТЗ увеличивается по сравнению с контрольными образцами, г/г: пшеничного текстурата на 2,2; ячменного на 2,45; овсяного на 2,58. Установлено, что наибольшей ВСС обладают фракции текстуратов с наименьшей крупностью частиц (менее 450 мкм). Установлено увеличение ВУС ТЗ, г/г: пшеничного текстурата на 1,9; ячменного на 1,6; овсяного на 2,4. При уменьшении размера частиц наблюдается увеличение ВУС. Все виды ТЗ обладают ВСС от 4,5 до 5,8 г/г и более высокой ЖУС по сравнению с контролем. Установлено максимальное значение ЖУС текстуратов ЭЗ пшеницы мелкого помола – 1,4 г/г; контроль 0,7–0,8 г/г. ТЗ из ЭЗ пшеницы, ячменя и овса с высокими ВСС, ВУС, ЖУС могут быть использованы при производстве хлебобулочных, мучных кондитерских изделий, а также мучных многокомпонентных смесей для корректировки технологических свойств пшеничной муки.

A comparative assessment of the functional and technological characteristics of textured grain products is given. The research objects are textures obtained from extruded wheat, barley and oats of various fractional composition. The functional and technological characteristics of textured grain products are determined: moisture binding capacity (MBC), moisture holding capacity (MHC), fat holding capacity (FHC). It was found that the MBC of textured grain products increases in comparison with control samples, g/g: wheat texturate by 2,2; of barley – 2,45; of oat – 2,58. It was found that the highest MBC is found in the fractions of texturates with the smallest particle size, less than 450 µm. There was an increase in the MHC of textured grain products, g/g: wheat texturate by 1,9; barley by 1,6; oatmeal by 2,4. When the particle size decreases, there is an increase in the MHC. All types of textured grain products have MBC from 4,5 to 5,8 g/g and higher FHC compared to control. The maximum value of FHC textures of fine-milled extruded wheat grain is 1,4 g/g; control is 0,7–0,8 g/g. Textured grain products from extruded wheat, barley and oats with high MBC, MHC and FHC can be used in the production of bakery, flour confectionery products, as well as flour multicomponent mixtures to adjust the technological properties of wheat flour.
TECHNOLOGY OF SOFT CHEESE WITH A HIGH CONTENT OF DIETARY FIBER
Authors: БОРИСОВА А.В. , ЕЛИСЕЕВ Ю.М. , ТУЗОВА Н.М. , ДОЛИБОЖКО Н.В. , МАКЕЕВА Е.Н.
Published: November 2021

Разработана рецептура мягкого сыра с повышенным содержанием пищевых волокон за счет внесения отрубей. Для исследования взяты овсяные, пшеничные и ржаные отруби. Рассмотрено 3 способа внесения отрубей на разных технологических стадиях приготовления сыра: образец 1 – перед пастеризацией молока; образец 2 – перед внесением фермента; образец 3 – в готовое сырное зерно. Сыр изготовлен по технологии мягкого сыра (МС) типа «Славянский». Дозировка: на порцию сыра массой 50 гнеобходимо 3 готрубей без учета 3–5% потерь. Определено влагопоглощение овсяных отрубей (ОО) в воде и молоке, %: при температуре t 35°С – 670 и 446, при t 75°С – 840 и 560 соответственно. У пшеничных отрубей влагопоглощение ниже, %: при t 35°С – 760 и 506, при t 75°С – 800 и 533 в воде и молоке соответственно. Физико-химический анализ отрубей: массовая доля, %, пищевых волокон (ПВ) пшеничных, овсяных и ржаных отрубей составила соответственно 60,0; 66,6 и 63,3. Наибольшее содержание ПВ определено в ОО (66,6%). Максимальную оценку дегустаторов получил образец 2 МС. Равномерное распределение отрубей в образце 2 повлияло на его консистенцию и форму, которая сохранялась в течение 12 ч. Установлено, что для получения МС с повышенным содержанием ПВ необходимо добавлять ОО в количестве 6 г/100 г молочной смеси до внесения фермента в заквашенное молоко. Исследования показали возможность создания нового вида молочного продукта с заданными составом и свойствами.

A recipe for soft cheese with an increased content of dietary fiber due to the introduction of bran has been developed. Oat, wheat and rye bran were taken for the study. Three ways of bran application at different technological stages of cheese preparation are considered: sample 1 – before pasteurization of milk; sample 2 – before introduction of the enzyme; sample 3 – in the finished cheese grain. The cheese is made using the technology of soft cheese of the «Slavyanskiy» type. Dosage: for a portion of cheese weighing 50 g, you need 3 g of bran without taking into account 3–5% of losses. Moisture absorption of oat bran in water and milk was determined, %: at t 35°C – 670 and 446, at t 75°C – 840 and 560, respectively. In wheat bran, moisture absorption is lower, %: at t 35°C – 760 and 506, at t 75°C – 800 and 533 in water and milk, respectively. Physical and chemical analysis of bran: the mass fraction, %, of dietary fibers of wheat, oat and rye bran was 60,0; 66,6 and 63,3, respectively. The highest content of dietary fiber is found in oat bran (66,6%). The maximum rating of tasters was given to sample 2. The uniform distribution of bran in sample 2 affected its consistency and shape, which was preserved for 12 h. It is established that to obtain soft cheese with a high content of dietary fiber, it is necessary to add oat bran in the amount of 6 g/100 g of the milk mixture before adding the enzyme to the fermented milk. Research has shown that it is possible to create a new type of dairy product with a given composition and properties.
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF EXTRACTING THE TARGET PRODUCT FROM NUT AND FRUIT RAW MATERIALS BY ELECTROPHYSICAL PROCESSING
Authors: ЩЕРБАКОВА Е.В. , БАГДАСАРОВА М.П. , ОЛЬХОВАТОВ Е.А. , КАСЬЯНОВ Г.И.
Published: November 2021

Предложена обработка плодового сырья электромагнитным полем в диапазоне низких и крайне низких частот с модулируемыми характеристиками – во вращающемся электромагнитном поле и в спектре резонансных частот. Установлено количественное увеличение выхода нутриентов в целевой продукт – пюре, соково-пектиновые экстракты и ореховое молоко. Контролем служило не подвергшееся обработке сырье: арония, облепиха, яблоки, фундук, орех грецкий. Химический состав пюре из плодов облепихи, полученного без обработки и после обработки, г/100 г: белки 1,0 и 1,2; жиры 5,2 и 5,4; углеводы 3,2 и 4,0; пищевые волокна 1,8 и 2,0; в-каротин 1,2 и 1,5; витамин С, мг/100 г, 200 и 220, соответственно. Определено содержание в молоке из сырья орехоплодных культур – фундука и ореха грецкого, полученном без обработки/после обработки, г/100 г: белков 0,40/0,67 и 0,7/1,0; жиров 2,90/3,11 и 1,60/1,85; углеводов 3,10/3,39 и 1,4/1,7, соответственно. Предложены новые технологические приемы трансформации орехоплодного и плодово-ягодного сырья в полупродукты.

Processing of fruit raw materials with an electromagnetic field in the range of low and extremely low frequencies with modulated characteristics – in a rotating electromagnetic field and in the spectrum of resonant frequencies was proffered. A quantitative increase in the yield of nutrients in the target product – puree, juice-pectin extracts and nut milk. Raw materials of aronia, sea buckthorn, apples, hazelnuts, and walnuts that were not processed served as control. Chemical composition of sea buckthorn puree obtained without processing and after processing, g/100 g: proteins 1,0 and 1,2; fats 5,2 and 5,4; carbohydrates 3,2 and 4,0; dietary fiber 1,8 and 2,0; в-carotene 1,2 and 1,5; vitamin C, mg/100 g, 200 and 220, respectively. The content in milk from raw nut crops – hazelnuts and walnuts, obtained without processing/after processing, g/100 g: protein 0,40/0,67 and 0,7/1,0; fat 2,90/3,11 and 1,60/1,85; carbohydrates 3,10/3,39 and 1,4/1,7, respectively. New technological methods of transformation of nut and fruit raw materials into semi-products are proposed.
TECHNOLOGY OF appetizer BUNS FOR public catering establishments
Authors: БОРИСОВА А.В. , КНЫШ Е.Б. , ТРОФИМОВ А.В.
Published: November 2021

Для увеличения объемов реализации продукции рестораторы внедряют специальные решения, в частности подачу на закуску булочек с различными добавками, стимулирующих аппетит. Авторами статьи разработаны рецептура и технология выпечки закусочных булочек (appetizer). В качестве вкусоароматических добавок предложены чеснок, зира, корица, розмарин и смесь кореньев петрушки и сельдерея. Для выпекания булочек использовали пароконвектомат, духовой и жарочный шкафы. В пароконвектомате применили четыре режима выпечки: 1 – конвекция; 2 – конвекция–пар 10%; 3 – конвекция–пар 30%; 4 – конвекция–пар 50%. Выпечку проводили при температуре 180ºС. На выпекание булочек в духовом шкафу потребовалось 20 мин времени, в пароконвектомате при добавлении 10 и 50% пара – 11 мин. Отмечено наибольшее содержание сухих веществ у 2 образцов, выпеченных в пароконвектомате: с добавлением ароматных кореньев и чеснока, 74,5% и 75,0% соответственно. Определен наиболее предпочтительный для выпечки булочных изделий режим в пароконвектомате конвекция–пар 50%. Установлено, что увеличение количества пара в рабочей камере пароконвектомата до 50% способствует повышению выхода готовых изделий на 2,06% по сравнению с выпечкой без пара.

To increase the volume of sales of products, restaurateurs are implementing special solutions in their establishments, in particular, serving buns with various additives that stimulate the appetite. The authors of the article developed a recipe and technology for baking buns for appetizer. Garlic, Cuminum cyminum (zira), cinnamon, rosemary and a mixture of parsley and celery roots are offered as flavoring additives. The buns were baked using a combi steamer, oven and a frying oven. Four baking modes were used in the combi steamer: 1 – convection; 2 – convection–10% steam; 3 – convection–30% steam; 4 – convection–50% steam. Baking was carried out at a temperature of 180°C. It took 20 min to bake the buns in the oven, and in the combi steamer when adding 10 and 50% steam – 11 min. The highest dry matter content was observed in 2 samples baked in a combi steamer: with the addition of aromatic roots and garlic, 74,5 and 75,0%, respectively. The most preferable mode for baking baked goods in a combi steamer: convection–steam 50% has been determined. It was found that increasing the amount of steam in the working chamber of the combi oven to 50% increases the yield of finished products by 2,06% compared to bakery products baked in the combi oven without steam.
CARBON MONOXIDE CONTENT IN THE AEROSOL GAS PHASE OF ELECTRONIC NICOTINE DELIVERY SYSTEMS OF VARIOUS DESIGNS
Authors: МЕДВЕДЕВА С.Н. , ПЕРЕЖОГИНА Т.А. , ПОКРОВСКАЯ Т.И. , ГАЛИЧ И.И.
Published: November 2021

Представлены результаты анализа содержания монооксида углерода СО в газовой фазе аэрозоля (ГФА) электронных систем доставки никотина (ЭСДН) различных конструкций. Сбор аэрозоля проведен на курительной машине Cerulean SM450 по методу CRM № 81 и CRM № 81экс. Новизна исследований ГФА ЭСДН состоит в количественной оценке содержания СО, включенного в список девяти приоритетных токсичных веществ ВОЗ. Установлено, что в ГФА, продуцируемой устройствами Luxlite и Von Erl My, содержатся следовые количества СО, что связано с относительно низкой мощностью устройств и температурой при генерировании ГФА. Анализ устройств iKuu i200 показал образование СО от 0,04 до 12,4 мг/зат. Отсутствие нормирования максимально допустимого уровня содержания СО в аэрозоле ЭСДН различных конструкций, методической базы для контроля состава веществ, выделяемых в процессе их эксплуатации, является несомненным риском для потребителей, что требует разработки и внедрения системы технического регулирования никотинсодержащей продукции.

The results of the analysis of the content of carbon monoxide CO in the aerosol gas phase (AGPh) of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) of various designs are presented. Aerosol collection was carried out on the Cerulean SM450 smoking machine according to the 2 methods: CRM № 81 and experimental CRM № 81exp. The novelty of the AGPh ENDS research is the quantitative assessment of the CO content included in the list of nine priority toxic substances of the WHO. It was found that AGPh produced by Luxlite and Von Erl My devices contains trace amounts of CO, which is due to the relatively low power of the devices and the temperature at which AGPh is generated. The analysis of the iKuu i200 devices showed the formation of CO from 0,04 to 12,4 milligram per puff. The lack of regulation the maximum permissible CO content in the aerosol ENDS different designs, methodological framework for the control of substances generated during their operation, is a definite risk to consumers, which requires the development and implementation of the system of technical regulation products containing nicotine.
INFLUENCE OF FOOD ACIDS ON THE CONSUMER PROPERTIES SALTY FISH PRODUCTS MADE FROM FISH OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA
Authors: Иванова Е.Е. , Чибич Н.В. , Сыромятников И.А.
Published: November 2021

Потребительские свойства готовой соленой рыбы характеризует наличие вкуса, аромата, консистенции созревшей и годной к употреблению продукции. Рыбы юга России относятся к слабосозревающим видам рыб. Производство соленой рыбной продукции с заданными потребительскими предпочтениями требует интенсификации процесса созревания. Исследовано влияние пищевых кислот – винной, лимонной и уксусной на снижение рН мышечной ткани рыб в зону действия тканевых катепсинов. Значение рН мышечной ткани рыб составляет в среднем 6,0–6,5 и не является постоянной величиной. Установлена наибольшая активность ферментов мышечной ткани рыб при рН 5,0–5,3, ед./г: карася серебристого 0,22; карпа обыкновенного 0,24; толстолобика белого 0,26; пиленгаса 0,31. Определена зависимость значений рН мышечной ткани рыб от вида кислоты и ее концентрации 0,3; 0,5 и 1,0% в солевом растворе плотностью 1,2 г/см3. Установлено, что добавление пищевой кислоты – винной, лимонной или уксусной концентрацией 0,5% в процессе посола позволяет снизить рН мышечной ткани в зону действия тканевых катепсинов и получить соленую рыбу со вкусом, ароматом и консистенцией готовой созревшей продукции.

Consumer properties of finished salted fish are characterized by the presence of taste, aroma and consistence of usable products. Fish of the South of Russia are slow maturing fish species. The production of salted fish products with specified consumer preferences requires an intensification of the maturation process. The effect of food acids – tartaric, citric, and acetic – on reducing the pH of fish muscle tissue in the area of action of tissue cathepsins was studied. The pH value of fish muscle tissue is on average 6,0–6,5 and is not a constant value. The highest activity of fish muscle tissue enzymes was found at pH 5,0–5,3, units/g: silver carp 0,22; common carp 0,24; white carp 0,26; pilengas 0,31. The dependence of the pH values of fish muscle tissue on the type of acid and its concentration of 0,3; 0,5 and 1,0% in a salt solution with a density of 1,2 g/cm3 was determined. It was found that the addition of food acid – tartaric, citric or acetic concentration of 0,5% in the salting process reduces the pH of muscle tissue in the area of action of tissue cathepsins and make salted fish with the taste, aroma and consistency of the finished ripened production.
ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER MOTIVATIONS AND PREFERENCES WHEN CHOOSING FROZEN DESSERTS
Authors: СИМОНЕНКО Т.А. , ШАМКОВА Н.Т. , БАРАНОВ А.С.
Published: November 2021

Приведен анализ существующих рецептур замороженных десертов. Описаны национальные традиции их производства. Представлены результаты маркетинговых исследований потребительских предпочтений в отношении замороженных десертов среди 135 посетителей предприятий общественного питания Краснодара. Большинство респондентов – женщины (39%) и мужчины (48%) в возрасте от 18 до 25 лет употребляют замороженные десерты, %: несколько раз в неделю 8, один раз в неделю 12, несколько раз в месяц 42, один раз в два – три месяца 34. Вообще не употребляют 0,4%. Более половины опрошенных выбирали замороженные десерты с натуральными наполнителями, при этом ориентировались на цену, вид продукта и производителя. Положительное отношение к новой продукции отмечено у 63% женщин и 59% мужчин. При выборе замороженных десертов в приоритете у потребителей, женщин и мужчин соответственно, %: доступность продукции, включая невысокую стоимость 64 и 77; соответствие продукции требованиям здорового питания 50 и 40; высокая пищевая ценность 68 и 52; срок хранения 93 и 69. Показана зона роста для производителей данной группы продукции – это разработка рецептур и технологий низкокалорийных замороженных десертов с высокими потребительскими характеристиками.

The analysis of the existing recipes of frozen desserts is given and the national traditions of their production are described. The results of marketing research of preferences consumer for frozen desserts among 135 visitors of public catering enterprises in Krasnodar are presented. The majority of respondents – women 39% and men 48% aged 18 to 25 years consume frozen desserts, %: several times a week 8, once a week 12, several times a month 42, once every two to three months 34; 0,4% do not consume ice cream at all. More than half of the respondents chose frozen desserts with natural fillers, while focusing on the price, type of product and manufacturer. A positive attitude to new products was noted in 63% of women and 59% of men. When choosing frozen desserts, the priority for consumers, women and men, respectively, is %: availability of products, including low cost 64 and 77; compliance of products with the requirements of healthy nutrition 50 and 40; high nutritional value 68 and 52; shelf life 93 and 69. The growth zone for the producers of this product group is shown – it is the development of recipes and technologies for low-calorie frozen desserts with high consumer characteristics.
'Bearly' Changing with the Seasons: Bears of Five Species Show Few Behavioral Changes Across Seasons and at Varying Visitor Densities
Authors: Bernstein-Kurtycz Laura M. , Koester Diana C. , Snyder Rebecca J. , Vonk Jennifer , Willis Mark A. , Lukas Kristen E.
Published: November 2021

In natural environments, bear behavior follows seasonal patterns but the zoo environment differs from the natural environment in several ways, including the presence of zoo visitors. Although typically difficult to disentangle, we were able to tease apart the effects of seasonal changes and visitor density on the visibility and behavior of 10 bears representing five species housed at Cleveland Metroparks Zoo due to the disruption caused by COVID-19. We conducted a longitudinal bear behavior monitoring project from June, 2017-November, 2020. Bears were more visible in the spring and in the presence of visitors, locomoted more and were less inactive when large crowds were present, foraged and locomoted more when it was earlier in the day, and locomoted more at higher temperatures. There were limited differences in bear visibility to observers between 2020 (when the zoo was temporarily closed to visitors) and the previous three years. There were no differences in rates of stereotypy or social behavior across seasons, crowds, or daily attendance categories. Based on these limited differences, neither season nor visitor density seemed to have an apparent effect on bear behavior or welfare.
A Case Study Exploring the Use of Virtual Reality in the Zoo Context
Authors: Lugosi Zsuzsa , Lee Phyllis C.
Published: November 2021

Virtual Reality (VR) is now a popular tool in education and for engagement with the natural world, but to date little research has investigated its potential in a zoo setting. We aimed to gauge the interest of the visiting public in using VR technology at Royal Zoological Society of Scotland’s (RZSS) Edinburgh Zoo. A VR (n = 12) and a video condition (n = 12), both introducing the lives and conservation concerns of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus), were used to gain greater insight of the thoughts and perceptions of how individuals evaluated a purpose-built VR experience and to enable comparisons of learning outcomes for both technologies. We used semi-structured interviews; responses were evaluated through thematic analysis and descriptive analysis. Younger participants (aged 13-18 years) emphasized that VR allowed them close and personal access to the animals. Adult participants (aged 19 and above) pointed out the entertainment value of the VR experience while highlighting the potential of its educational aspect; that of enabling visitors to see animals in their natural habitat. While our results require further confirmation due to the limited sample size and restricted circumstances of data collection, we suggest that VR could be usefully introduced as a public education and visitor engagement tool that would benefit the visitors’ learning and overall experience at the zoo.
Animal-Visitor Interactions and the Visitor Experience: Visitor Behaviors, Attitudes, Perceptions, and Learning in the Modern Zoo
Authors: Learmonth Mark James , Chiew Samantha J. , Godinez Andrea , Fernandez Eduardo J.
Published: November 2021

Animal-Visitor Interactions (AVIs) have become commonplace in zoological institutions and facilities globally. However, most AVI research focuses on the effects of visitors on the welfare of animals, with considerably fewer studies examining the visitor experience itself. Furthermore, robust evaluations of the efficacy of zoo education programs and engagements for increasing visitor awareness of conservation issues, and for fostering long-term pro-conservation behavior changes in them, are under-researched. This paper reviews the current literature that pertains to the effects of zoo visitation and AVIs on visitor perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes. We briefly note some of the known effects that zoo visitors have on zoo animals, then explore the effects that factors such as enclosure design, animal visibility and behaviors, and AVIs can have on visitors’ overall experience whilst attending the zoo. We suggest that future research needs to more closely examine the relationships and interactions between zoo visitors and zoo animals; why some zoo visitors over others repeat visitation; what the differences in beliefs and attitudes may be between “zoo visitors” and “non-zoo visitors” (i.e., other general public); and to make a concerted effort to understand: (1) what visitors do after they leave the zoo, and (2) whether visitors adopt long-term pro-conservation behaviors into their daily lives. We further suggest that future research needs to start investigating indirect measures related to the visitor experience, such as: (a) individual conservation support outside of the zoo; (b) internet activity; (c) changes in sustainable purchasing practices related to knowledge gains; (d) financial investment in sustainable or ethical companies after knowledge gains; (e) and the longitudinal effects of zoo visits.
REVIEW ON WEED CONTROL IN GLYPHOSATE TOLERANT MAIZE
Authors: Devkota Anjila , Karki Krita , Kafle Sijan , Sunar Mina
Published: November 2021

Weeds are a constant nuisance for farmers, which steal space and nutrients from the crops. Weed management is the botanical component which attempts to stop noxious weeds from competing with desired flora and fauna including domesticated plants. It is preventing of non-native species competing with native species. Growth of various weeds has been major problem in the yield of many plants. It has also affected the growth and development of maize as it competes with the space and nutrients. Different weed management techniques have been introduced till date to increase the yield and to control the weeds, also, aiming less effect of the techniques on the main plant. Generally, preventive, biological, cultural, mechanical and chemical weed control methods are used. Advancements in plant biotechnology have allowed the development of a number of herbicide resistant crops which is a success in chemical weed management of the crops. They have provided the requisite tools to transform the plants to contain the foreign genes. Genetically engineered herbicide resistant crops have been widely planted globally since their introduction in 1995. These developments offer new approaches to managing weeds in cropping systems. This technology offers some advantages over currently used systems.
BOTANICAL FUNGICIDES; CURRENT STATUS, FUNGICIDAL PROPERTIES AND CHALLENGES FOR WIDE SCALE ADOPTION: A REVIEW
Authors: Bhandari Sagar , Yadav Pankaj Kumar , T Sarhan Abdulridha
Published: November 2021

About 70-80% losses in agricultural production due to microbial disease is caused by fungal pathogens. There are around 8,000 fungal species that cause 100,000 diseases in plants. It is impossible to control such a large species of fungi with chemical fungicides alone. Even if it is made possible, it would bring negative impacts to the environment and human health. Thus, it is a high time to seek an alternative to chemical fungicides which should be eco-friendly. Botanical fungicides can be the viable and sustainable alternative in this regard. A number of researches have proved the fungicidal properties of phytochemicals. They are easily degradable; maintain soil properties and safe to the environment and human. In the present context, researchers are showing interest towards botanical fungicides. Nevertheless, their commercialization and wide-scale adoption have not yet achieved. Thus, this study aims to reveal the current status and fungicidal properties of various potential plants and, also to investigate challenges for its adoption in commercial scale through critical analysis of the related literatures. Lack of sufficient knowledge and extension facilities at the farmer’s level and slow result as compared to chemical fungicides are the major reasons behind their poor adoption. Thus, it is a high time for the collaboration among researchers, policy makers, businessman and farmers for the exploration, legalization, proper marketing and wide-scale adoption of botanical fungicides. If the approaches like sustainable agriculture, organic farming and integrated pest management (IPM) need to be extended, focuses should be given towards botanical fungicides.
EFFECT OF DROUGHT ON WHEAT IN NEPAL
Authors: Sahani Sansar , Shrestha Sandesh , Bhusal Tilak Ram , dwadi Nabaraj , Gupta Rajesh Kumar , Sharma Prabin , Khanal Chetan , Poudel Mukti Ram
Published: November 2021

Wheat is most cultivated cereal of Nepal after rice and maize because of its multiple uses. Wheat is staple food for many developing countries. Whatever it’s uses, the yield loss has become one the important concern for today’s breeders and researchers. In Nepal, wheat is grown under rainfed condition and hence, is more susceptible to drought. Drought stress plays significant role in yield loss. During the course of phenological cycle, the crop evapotranspiration increases and reaches a maximum in the growth stage (from the beginning of heading to the end of flowering), which is the most sensitive stage of the wheat crop to drought. Drought brings various morphological, physiological, biochemical, genetics variations which has direct or indirect correlation with yield. Many researchers and breeders are working to develop drought tolerant genotypes to withstand drought Wheat breeding programs aim to reorganize genotypes possessing improved yields adaptation to changing climatic conditions and a balanced food quality.
ROLE OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE IN SUSTAINABILITY OF RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM IN NEPAL
Authors: Pandey Sweta , Shrestha Swastika , Bhattarai Ruchita , Sharma Anu
Published: November 2021

Rice Wheat Cropping system is a major cropping system in Nepal representing one-fourth of the total cultivated land. 83% of the population are dependent on the system for income and employment. However, there are serious threats to sustainability of the Rice Wheat Cropping system in Nepal. The conventional practices are water, labor, and nutrient intensive. Puddling the soil for rice has degraded soil structure in the field and long turn-around period between rice and wheat has delayed wheat planting. Both have contributed to stagnant yield and therefore to low profitability of the Rice Wheat Cropping system. Various literatures related to conservation agriculture, its practices and its role in maintaining sustainable agriculture were studied and enough information were gathered for argument. Conservation agriculture practice mainly focuses on minimal soil disturbance, crop rotation and mulching. Conservation agriculture includes zero tillage, integrated nutrient management, alternate drying and wetting, bed planting and mulching, and crop rotation to diminish the threats to sustainability of Rice Wheat Cropping system. In Nepal, the extension work has been carried out as Climate Smart Agriculture which comes under Conservation Agriculture. However, less research and hesitation of farmers to adopt the technology have created hurdles in extension of conservation agriculture. Conservation Agriculture has proven itself to be the best cultivation practice to enhance productivity of any land without overexploiting the natural resources. Such technology is important to sustain our agriculture in future. Hence, CA is of utmost importance to sustain the livelihood of Nepalese farmers, which is, Rice-Wheat Cropping system of Nepal.
Integrasi Manajemen Perubahan pada Proyek Lean Six Sigma dalam Peningkatan Mutu dan Kinerja Perusahaan
Authors: Prahara Ayesha Gilang , Nawangpalupi Catharina Badra
Published: November 2021

PT X is a small enterprise producing various types of jute fabric products. As a traditional business, the company still largely rely on the handiness and crafting skills from their workers. Whilst the business competition increases, PT X requires to strengthen the business by improving product quality in an efficient way. Besides high level of defects, PT X has also non-value-added activities in their production resulting in high overtime hours of their workers. Although PT X considers the overtime is acceptable to achieve the production target, there is room for improvement to reduce the defects as well as to shorten the production lead time. This paper aims to tackle the inefficiency and quality of the company. Lean six sigma is proposed to improve the condition and change management is implemented to ensure the commitment and participation of all staff for the success of change. Hence, this paper proposes the combination of change management and lean six sigma to improve production quality, lead time and staff participation. Combining DMAIC methods with change management, a methodology called DMA(C)IC is used with the middle C is for change. The implementation of the integration between change management in lean six sigma has resulted in the reduced number of defects and shorter lead time and the awareness of the workers to improve their working behavior.
Reliability Study of the Sedation-Agitation Scale in an Intensive Care Unit
Authors:   , Ryder-Lewis Michelle
Published: November 2021

The management of sedation in critically ill patients is a complex issue for Intensive Care Units (ICU) worldwide. Notable complications of sedation practices have been identified and efforts to modify these practices in ICUs have begun. While sedation-scoring tools have been introduced into clinical practice in intensive care few have been tested for validity and reliability. One tool which has reliability and validity established is the Sedation-Agitation Scale (SAS). This study is an extension of a previous study by Riker, Picard and Fraser (1999) to determine whether doctors and nurses rate patients similarly using the SAS in a natural ICU setting. It is essential to establish whether these different professionals provide consistent scores and have a mutual understanding of the SAS and its constituent levels. This will help ensure that clinical decisions relating to sedation-needs can be made appropriately and consistently. This quasi-experimental reliability study was set in a 12-bed tertiary general ICU in New Zealand. The SAS had recently been introduced into this unit and a convenience sample of 42 nursing and medical staff performed paired ratings on 69 randomly selected adult ICU patients over an eight week time frame. The mean patient age was 58 years, and 79% of patients were on continuous infusions of Propofol. Intubated patients made up 91% of the sample. 74% of patients were given the same SAS score by the doctor-nurse pair. The weighted kappa score for inter-rater agreement was 0.82 indicating very good agreement. Of the 26% of scores where there was a difference, the two readings were only one score apart. Most of the difference occurred around SAS scores of 1-2 and 3-4. Further analysis found no staff or patient variables to be statistically significant in impacting on the ratings. The SAS was found to be a reliable sedation-scoring tool in a general ICU when used by nurses and doctors of varying experience. The implementation of the SAS should improve the quality of sedation management in critically ill patients, facilitate communication between nurses and medical staff with regard to the effectiveness of sedation regimes, and assist with the development of optimal sedation and analgesia guidelines for ICU patients.
The Primacy of the Nurse in New Zealand 1960s-1990s: Attitudes, Beliefs and Responses over Time
Authors:   , Williams Barbara Gay
Published: November 2021

Exploring the past, and pulling ideas through to the present, to inform the future can make a valuable contribution to nurses and nursing in New Zealand. By gaining some understanding of the attitudes and beliefs nurses held, and how these influenced their responsiveness, we can learn what active responses might help inform our future. Nurses in New Zealand, as individuals and within the profession as a whole, reveal the primacy of the nurse – nurses who have made and can continue to make a difference to the health of the peoples of New Zealand. A hermeneutic process was used to interpret material, from international texts, national texts and public records over four decades, the 1960s to 1990s. This was supplemented and contrasted with material from twelve oral history participants. Analysis of the material led to the emergence of four themes: Nurses’ decision-making: changes over time; An emerging understanding of autonomy and accountability; Nurses as a driving force; and Creating a nursing future. These four themes revealed an overall pattern of attitudes, beliefs and responses of the New Zealand Registered Nurse. The themes surfaced major revelations about the primacy of the nurse in New Zealand, nurses confident in their ability to take the opportunity, seize the moment, and effect change. The contribution this thesis makes to the discipline of nursing is an understanding of how the nurse actively constructs the scope of a professional response to the context. The thesis demonstrates how nurses can learn from the past, that the attitudes and beliefs that underpin our active responses can either move us forward, or retard our progress. As nurses we can also learn that to move forward we need particular attitudes, beliefs and responses, that these are identifiable, and are key factors influencing our future, thus ensuring the continued primacy of the nurse.
Sacred Memories: Creative Art Therapy for Children in Grief
Authors:   , Lowson Shona
Published: November 2021

This paper explores the creative opportunities children might have to attend to their emotions and feelings following the death of a parent, grandparent or close friend. It presents the position that often children are left out of the process of caring for an adult when they are terminally ill and that has long term psychological implications. It also suggests that this has antecedents for the white New Zealand culture that were noted historically. Hospice palliative care services in New Zealand identify the need to be proactive in their holistic care for the family when a person is dying and this care must include the family which invariably includes children. In this research the author describes a personal journey that has shaped her current work as a hospice practice manager. She has chosen to highlight a neglected aspect in services in New Zealand. The writer explores literature in psychological aspects of removing children from the dying room, creative therapies and the importance of sacred memories for the living child to be enfolded in through their life. The need to create memory that will embrace the child as a cloak enfolds them in their crisis stimulated the writer to offer a text in the personal narrative form. This text is presented in this form to enable other clinicians to access their own memories as survivors of grief in their own families. Through enabling children and family to explore the importance of relating in the palliative phase of a person’s life journey it is suggested that doors open that build good memories for the survivors. I regard my specific form of interest as pursuing the idea of building memory creative ‘corners’ and fun experiences for children at my work. The reasons why such an experience would be beneficial now and in the future for children and their families will be the focus for conducting my literature research. Children were important in the final days of her father’s life. He directed the family to accept the roles he saw would be theirs. Memories became their treasures.
“Let my Spirit Always Sing”: a Descriptive Study of How Four Elderly Rest Home Residents View Spirituality and Spiritual Care at the End of Life
Authors:   , Brown Judith Anne
Published: November 2021

Over the last twenty years spiritual care has become recognised increasingly as an important component of holistic care, care that nurtures the spirit as well as addressing the person’s physical and psychosociocultural needs. This descriptive, qualitative study, believed to be the first of its kind conducted in a New Zealand setting, focuses on spirituality issues of a spiritually vulnerable group of people, older people in residential care. From this group of people I recruited four Rest Home residents who were prepared to talk to me about their spirituality, spiritual needs and how their spirits were nurtured, the role of care staff in providing spiritual care, and their satisfaction with the spiritual care they were being offered. They were also asked to predict their spiritual needs as they were dying, their wishes for spiritual care in the perideath period, whether they had communicated these wishes to anyone, their views on advance planning to ensure these wishes would be met, and their comfort with the research process. The research data was collected from semi-structured, audiotaped interviews that were later transcribed. The spirituality of all participants had a strongly Christian focus that was revealed in the ten themes to emerge from a modified application of Colaizzi’s analysis technique. The first themes to emerge were God as the focus of spirituality, God in control, the importance of relationship, and the purpose in life: serving God. Changes in spirituality with age, spirituality and residential care, and spiritual care: whose responsibility? were also identified as themes, as were end of life spirituality, planning for spiritual care, and the participants’ satisfaction with the research process. All were able to articulate their spirituality, were generally satisfied with the spiritual care they were receiving, and had views on the spiritual care they wished to receive in the perideath period. Moreover, the participants trusted their families and the care staff to ensure that these wishes would be honoured.Recommendations are made for improving the spiritual dimension of care, and for further research. Similar research, for example, should be carried out in different residential care settings, especially in the “for profit” sector. Research should also be undertaken to gauge the awareness care staff have of residents’ wishes for spiritual care in the perideath period.
An Exploration of Issues of Primary Health Services for Taranaki Te Atiawa Children Based on the Expectations and Perceptions of Their Female Caregivers
Authors:   , Adams-Smith Patricia Helen
Published: November 2021

The debate about Maori child health in New Zealand continues perennially. The intention of this research is, through collaborative discussion and selective conversations, to explore female caregivers' expectations and perceptions of primary health services for some Te Atiawa Maori children. The research process was developed in a partnership between the Maori women participants and myself. In addition, two local kuia actively participated in and supported the process. It is hoped, through thls study, to contribute new knowledge to the discussion, as I found no published research on this topic. If female caregivers choose when to access primary health services for their children, it seemed to me that they should be asked what is important to them in terms of their children's health and access they have. Emancipatory critical social theory underpins and informs the project. Power relationships between the researcher and the participants can be overtly explored within this theoretical framework. In terms of this particular exploratory study, participatory research appeared to be applicable. The participants are female caregivers of Te Atiawa children. Data collection was done using group interactions and semi-structured interviews in the winter of the year 2000. A thematic analysis of the data was used, in which common themes were identified, compared and discussed. From the analysis of the data of the participants' conversations, I identified some key ideas. The major findings have been identified within two main themes. These are: a concept of health is not the same for Pakeha as for Maori, and access issues are still problematic for the participants in this study. Many quotes from the interview participants are included in order to keep the focus of the project on the voices of the women interviewed. In terms of the significant contribution of this research, this study aims to allow voices of female caregivers of Te Atiawa Maori children to be heard. Individual and collaborative interactions offer insights into what is important to them in terms of Maori child health. Clearly, the primary health initiatives promoted by the New Zealand government are not reaching at least some of the people for whom they are intended. The research participants offered their ideas as to how these deficits could be remedied in their community.
Intertwining the Role of Partner and Caregiver: a Phenomenological Study of the Experiences of Four New Zealand Rural Women Who have Cared for Their Terminally Ill Partners
Authors:   , Campbell Karen Ann
Published: November 2021

The stories of the women who live and work in rural settings in New Zealand have begun to reveal unique contributions that they have made to their families and community. Meeting with and listening to rural women's stories reveals insights into the character of these powerful women.  This research study evolved from a trend the researcher observed as a district nurse providing community palliative care in rural New Zealand; that the majority of carers of those who are terminally in home-settings are in fact women. This qualitative study aimed to explore through guided conversational interviews the experiences of four New Zealand women who have cared for their terminally ill partners who have subsequently died.  The study investigated if these women's experiences were comparable to that of other women in existing palliative care literature. This research project focused particularly on elucidating the women's experience of intertwining the role of partner and caregiver. Heidegger's hermeneutic philosophy informed the methodology because he focused on what it meant to 'be' rather than 'how we know what we know'. The project focused on the meanings the women made of this dual role in their lives. Women already in the role of partner were now faced with the added responsibility of caregiver to meet the complex needs of their loved one.  Usually they had no training to prepare them for this experience. The study reveals ways in which the visiting palliative care nurse becomes very important to them. The women's own voices reveal the high level of respect for their partners and address the harsh realities, revealing poignant and striking concerns in their lives. These stories are shared with the intent of enriching nurses' and other health professionals' understanding of the women's experiences.  The intention of the study is to highlight the need for closer attention by nurses to women's requirements when caring for their partner at home. Understanding these women's experience is not only a way of honouring these remarkable women but more widely it will inform and possibly transform practice through guideline and policy refinement.
Off the Beaten Track: a Postmodern Feminist Analysis of Rural Midwifery and Rural Media Health Discourses
Authors:   , Patterson Jean Ann
Published: November 2021

Change was a constant companion for New Zealand midwives during the 1990's. The Nurses Amendment Act 1990, that restored midwifery autonomy was only one of a constellation of changes that saw significant restructuring of the health services in small communities. The purpose of this study was to look at the issues for a group of midwives in rural South Otago who took the opportunity to work independently and offer local women a choice of maternity care during this time. In this study, five rural midwives were interviewed and met subsequently in a focus group. The transcripts were analyzed using discourse analysis informed by a postmodern/feminist theoretical framework. In addition the local newspapers covering the years 1990-1999 were read with a particular focus on the reports of health changes. These texts were also subjected to a discourse analysis using Lyotard's (1997) notion of language games, and bell hook's (1990) ideas around strategic positioning for the marginalised. To practise autonomously, the midwives in this study perform an intricate dance, balancing the contradictions of competing discourses. Their positioning and place of difference is tensioned primarily by a deep sense of community commitment and entanglement, and also by a feeling of physical and perceptual distance from their urban midwifery colleagues. This is underpinned by a staunch belief in women's ability to birth safely in their local area. The findings of this study suggest that the continuation of a comprehensive rural midwifery service is challenged by changes in the arrangement and funding of rural health, plus the increasing use of medical and technological intervention in childbirth. For rural midwifery to survive, this study shows that midwives need to remain flexible and alert while continuing to align themselves with women who are their primary source of support and inspiration. At the same time, they need to forge strategic linkages and alliances, both local and national that will allow them to move and reposition in order to continue their work and provide a realistic childbirth choice for rural women.