bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symbiotic Organisms Search Technique for SVC Installation in Voltage Control
Authors: Mohamad Zamani Mohamad Khairuzzaman , Musirin Ismail , Suliman Saiful Izwan
Published: July 2017

Increasing demand experienced by electric utilities in many parts of the world involving developing country is a normal phenomenon. This can be due to the urbanization process of a system network, which may lead to possible voltage decay at the receiving buses if no proper offline study is conducted. Unplanned load increment can push the system to operate closes to its instability point. Various compensation schemes have been popularly invented and proposed in power system operation and planning. This would require offline studies, prior to real system implementation. This paper presents the implementation of Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) algorithm for solving optimal static VAr compensator (SVC) installation problem in power transmission systems. In this study, SOS was employed to perform voltage control study in a transmission system under several scenarios via the SVC installation scheme. This realizes the feasibility of SOS applications in addressing the compensating scheme for the voltage control study. Minimum and maximum bound of the voltage at all buses have been considered as the inequality constraints as one of the aspects. A validation process conducted on IEEE 26-Bus RTS realizes the feasibility of SOS in performing compensation scheme without violating system stability. Results obtained from the optimization process demonstrated that the proposed SOS optimization algorithm has successfully reduced the total voltage deviation index and improve the voltage profile in the test system. Comparative studies have been performed with respect to the established evolutionary programming (EP) and artificial immune system (AIS) algorithms, resulting in good agreement and has demonstrated its superiority. Results from this study could be beneficial to the power system community in the planning and operation departments in terms of giving offline information prior to real system implementation of the corresponding power system utility.
Impact of Distributed Generation on the Fault Current in Power Distribution System
Authors: Mat Yasin Zuhaila , Sam’ón Izni Nadhirah , Aminudin Norziana , Salim Nur Ashida , Mohamad Hasmaini
Published: July 2017

Monitoring fault current is very important in power system protection. Therefore, the impact of installing Distributed Generation (DG) on the fault current is investigated in this paper. Three types of fault currents which are single line-to-ground, double line-to-ground and three phase fault are analyzed at various fault locations. The optimal location of DG was identified heuristically using power system simulation program for planning, design and analysis of distribution system (PSS/Adept). The simulation was conducted by observing the power losses of the test system by installing DG at each load buses. Bus with minimum power loss was chosen as the optimal location of DG. In order to study the impact of DG to the fault current, various locations and sizes of DG were also selected. The simulations were conducted on IEEE 33-bus distribution test system and IEEE 69-bus distribution test system. The results showed that the impact of DG to the fault current is significant especially when fault occurs at busses near to DG location.
Flux Switching Permanent Magnet Motor using Segmented Outer Rotor Structure for Electric Scooter
Authors: Mbadiwe I Enwelum , Sulaiman Erwan
Published: July 2017

Flux switching motor is a type of electric machine that locates both flux source and armature windings on the stator leaving its rotor a simple piece of iron. This machine was developed by combining the toothed stator structure of induction machine and the toothed rotor structure of switched reluctance machine together. Furthermore, it has three types of flux sources which include permanent magnet. Conventionally, the toothed kind of rotor has dominated machines rotor design and has been known for high manufacturing cost and iron loss, resulting to low performance. This calls for worry and the need to overcome it and also reduce the manufacturing cost while securing high torque. This paper presents flux switching permanent magnet motor employing segmented outer rotor for high torque capability. 2D-FEA using JMAG to investigate the motor characteristics in terms of flux linkage, Induce back-emf, cogging torque, maximum average torque and efficiency. Finally, preliminary results and comparison revealed that motors employing segmented rotor are capable of higher torque than conventional toothed rotor.
Passivity Based Stability Condition for Interefered Digital Filters
Authors: Arockiaraj Xavier , Kokil Priyanka , Kar Haranath
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a new passivity condition for fixed-point state-space interfered digital filters using saturation arithmetic. Passivity is a way to characterize input-output stability of a system, that is, supplied bounded input energy produces bounded output energy. The presented criterion also ensures asymptotic stability of the state-space digital filter with zero external disturbances. The result is expressed in terms of linear matrix inequality, and therefore, can be solved via existing numerical packages. A numerical example is arranged to validate the usefulness of the proposed method.
Creating Model with System Breakdown Structure for System Dynamics
Authors: Bin Bakri Nasution Feldiansyah , Nazira Bazin Nor Erne
Published: July 2017

A system is developed as a set of components and subsystems. A subsystem is a smaller system inside the main system and consists of its constituent components. The continual improvement process concept is adopted in System Dynamics’s model creation. New components or subsystems are identified in each cycle of the process. The interrelation between components could be changed as the time is running. The continual improvement process is an ongoing effort in identifying an ideal model. In this paper, the system is explained as the set theory for better understanding. It is emphasized that by breaking down the system into smaller entity such as components and subsystems will make the analytics process more systematic and scalable. It is called as System Breakdown Structure (SBS). At the end of this paper, the model before and after SBS are evaluated by comparing the output and the state of system.
Development of Educational Game for Primary School Mathematics using Microsoft Kinect
Authors: Gunawan Teddy Surya , Bahari Bakhtiar , Kartiwi Mira
Published: July 2017

This research focuses on the design and development educational game using Microsoft Kinect. The edugame can be used as educational tool in a classroom as to create an interesting and interactive learning process. This research is also focused on mathematics as its educational content using Microsoft Visual C#, XNA Game Studio, Microsoft Kinect for Windows SDK, and Microsoft Kinect as the main hardware. There are about eleven topics regarding mathematics based on the module provided by the Malaysian Ministry of Education. The interface of the game has been designed and developed to be interactive and attractive using some cartoon graphics, such as Ipin, Boboiboy, and Yaya. The developed game is a quiz base program, where student will have 10 questions each round and 4 choices of answers for every question. Currently, this educational game is designed for Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3 primary school students, and it has been evaluated by a group of 8 students. Furthemore, it has been evaluated and validated by a school teacher, in which they confirm the effectiveness of the developed game to improve student’s learning on Mathematics.
A Comparison Study of Learning Algorithms for Estimating Fault Location
Authors: Hashim Mimi Nurzilah , Osman Muhammad Khusairi , Ibrahim Mohammad Nizam , Abidin Ahmad Farid , Abd Samat Ahmad Asri
Published: July 2017

Fault location is one of the important scheme in power system protection to locate the exact location of disturbance. Nowadays, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are being used significantly to identify exact fault location on transmission lines. Selection of suitable training algorithm is important in analysis of ANN performance. This paper presents a comparative study of various ANN training algorithm to perform fault location scheme in transmission lines. The features selected into ANN is the time of first peak changes in discrete wavelet transform (DWT) signal by using faulted current signal acted as traveling wave fault location technique. Six types commonly used backpropagation training algorithm were selected including the Levenberg-Marquardt, Bayesian Regulation, Conjugate gradient backpropagation with Powell-Beale restarts, BFGS quasi-Newton, Conjugate gradient backpropagation with Polak-Ribiere updates and Conjugate gradient backpropagation with Fletcher-Reeves updates. The proposed fault location method is tested with varying fault location, fault types, fault resistance and inception angle. The performance of each training algorithm is evaluated by goodness-of-fit (R2), mean square error (MSE) and Percentage prediction error (PPE). Simulation results show that the best of training algorithm for estimating fault location is Bayesian Regulation (R2 = 1.0, MSE = 0.034557 and PPE = 0.014%).
Security for Virtualization in Cloud Services using Duplication Method
Authors: Udaya Kumar N.L. , Siddappa M.
Published: July 2017

Cloud computing is the way of computing, where all the computing resources are available as a service over the internet based on requirements of the users. Virtualization is the concept which plays very important role in reducing the cost of investment and increases utilization and allows multi-tenancy. This concept helps to create virtual resources out of existing physical resources. When the virtual resources are created, they may face the problems due to various reasons and may not work properly. Providing the protection to these virtual resources and make them to work without any problem is the important. Here we introduce an approach called duplication method which allows the users to create more number of same virtual resources, so that if one of the resources fail due to some reason, users may have some more same resources to continue without disturbing their work and provide the security at different levels to make Virtual resources secure.
Harmonic Compensation using STATCOM for SEIG Feeding Single-Phase Load Connected between Different Phases
Authors: Gorantla Satyanarayan , Kumar Goli Ravi
Published: July 2017

The paper presents the analysis of harmonic distortion when non-linear load is connected in different phases of power system with STATCOM for singly excited induction generator system with wind turbine as prime mover. Now-a-days due to the drastically increased in use of non linear loads causes many power quality problems in power system network. Those problems are classified as reactive power problems, harmonics, voltage sags and swells. Out of these problems harmonic problems are major concern. Custom power devices proposed for mitigation of power quality in network. For compensation of harmonic, static compensator (STATCOM) is used. The paper presents the compensation of harmonic power quality issues using STATCOM for the system with singly-excited induction generator feeding non-linear load connected in different phases. STATCOM is controlled using synchronous reference frame theory to produce pulses to switches of STATCOM sensing the input parameters. Proposed concept was developed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software and results are presented for non-linear load connected in different phases of the power system. THD analysis was shown for source current and load current for different cases.
The Modeling of SVC for the Voltage Control in Power System
Authors: Adni Binti Mat Le Nor , Mohd Nazmi bin W Musa W , Binti Ismail Nurlida , Huda binti Ishak Nurul , Ashida binti Salim Nur
Published: July 2017

One of the major causes of voltage instability in power system is the reactive power limit. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the effect of Static Var Compensator (SVC) on voltage stability of a power system. There are many ways to control the voltage, but in this paper only focus on the SVC and IEEE-9 buses. The SVC circuit and IEEE-9 buses were designed and modelled in Power World. The Newton Raphson method was applied to compute the load flow solution. Then, the reactive power (Q) was injected to SVC and the effect of SVC on IEEE 9-buses were studied. The analysis of voltage control was considered the conditions of fault occurred at the bus. The simulation results obtained in Power World demonstrate that the improvement voltage in the IEEE 9-buses when the Q was injected into SVC circuit. Besides, the QV curve was plotted to show the sensitivity and variation bus voltages with respect to the Q injection.
Determining Electrical Properties of Different Type of Mineral Oil Mixtures
Authors: Bin Yahya Muhammad , Jaynoe Caeser anak Tening Alan
Published: July 2017

This paper is written to show comparison between the naphthenic mineral oil with namely olive oil and sunflower oil in the context of voltage breakdown as insulating transformer oil. Olive oil is known to have been tested as alternative oil for transformer insulation and sunflower oil is a new oil being tested in this paper. The oils are mixed within certain ratios in order to determine the withstand breakdown voltages. The relationship of the breakdown voltages are also tied with the viscosity of the mixtures, and the mixture of oils are also exposed to ageing test and of tan-delta balancing test. All test follow IEC60156 standard test procedure for liquid insulation test. The mixtures were compared to the existing mineral oils and the findings will be discussed.
Risk of Transient Stability Using Rotor Trajectory Index as Severity Function
Authors: Billa Elghali Elmotaz , Marsadek Marayati , K. Ramasamy Agileswari
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a new approach to determine the risk of transient stability. It describes the implementation of rotor trajectory index (RTI) to assess the severity of power systems when it is subjected to a three-phase fault. The (RTI) is proposed as an index used to represent severity of transient instability. Risk of transient stability for three-phase fault is calculated using a well-known risk formula. Risk of transient stability provides a quantitative measure to evaluate the potential loss of synchronism of a generator that takes into account the probability and consequences. RTI index is calculated based on the machines rotor angles obtained at each step of a time domain simulation. RTI is proposed as an index to show the severity of the three-phase fault towards transient stability since it allows a fast and accurate measurement of the degree of stability of the system facing a fault. The proposed technique is implemented on the IEEE 39-bus system.
Impact of Higher Order Adaptive Filtering for Stereo System Audio Signal
Authors: Amin A.A , Islam M. S. , Masud M. A. , Khan M. N. H.
Published: July 2017

In present stereo audio system is a most popular audio system for different purposes. Now a day’s stereo system is commonly used in communication and other purposes. Moreover Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS) based adaptive filtering is an effective filtering process in case of communication and other applications. However adaptive filtering is an adaptive filter process to cancel out the noise from audio signal successfully. Hence the main objective of this paper is to design a NLMS adaptive filter which cancels out the noise from a noisy wave format stereo audio file. Moreover by varying the order of the adaptive filter (such as 8th, 16th, 32th and 64th), the performance of the NMLS adaptive filtered signal with respect to reference and noisy stereo audio signal are analyzed as well.
Facial Recognition in Multimodal Biometrics System for Finger Disabled Applicants
Authors: Mazlan Faddly , Harun Afdallyna , Izwan Suliman Saiful
Published: July 2017

Citizen identification in Malaysia is managed by Jabatan Pendaftaran Negara (JPN); a Malaysian Government Agency responsible in producing a national identification card called MyKad which contains textual information of the MyKad holder as well as fingerprint data. The current business modal solely relies on fingerprint identification as recognition process which presents limitations to Malaysian citizens who have finger disabilities. Currently, this matter is addressed by having applicants provide proof of identification which is then verified by the agency within three months. To improve efficiency of this process as well as making it friendlier for applicants to apply their MyKad, the use of facial recognition is proposed as a potential solution. A series of study was conducted with JPN, which intends to measure the reliability of a multimodal biometrics system in JPN environment for finger-disabled applicants. Findings demonstrate that Multimodal Biometrics System using Facial Recognition is reliable for individual identification.
Channel Loss Estimation and Test of Ultra-Wideband Propagation from 2 to 10 GHz Application
Authors: Gao Lei , Chen Qun
Published: July 2017

This paper deals with the channel loss models of ultra-wideband radio wave propagation from 2 to 10 GHz application. IEEE 802.15.4a and Okumura channel loss reference models have been introduced and the estimation methods of channel transmission loss have been discussed with the environments of 2 to 10 GHz short range application. The channel transmission loss was measured in ZigBee circuit with 2 kinds of power, using IEEE 802.15.4a and Okumura channel model to estimate the theoretical channel loss, the theoretical value and the actual measured value were compared and analyzed. The analysis shows that the error between the calculated value and the actual measured value of the IEEE 802.15.4a reference model is small in the ultra-wideband ZigBee channel environment, and the error of the Okumura channel loss model is large. The results show that in the environments of 2 to 10 GHz short range application, IEEE 802.15.4a channel loss model is a high precision reference model for the ultra-wideband channel loss calculation.
An Inventive and Innovative Alternate for Legacy Chain Pulling System through Internet of Things
Authors: Sri Datta Budaraju , Ganapathy Rama , Raj P Sini , Vasudevan Shriram K , SN Abhishek
Published: July 2017

Indian Railways made a move in replacing the chain pulling system with the new mobile based communication system where the loco pilot’s mobile phone number shall be shared with all the passengers through a message. Despite the efforts taken to remove the chains from the train, there is a great probability of misuse through the mobile phone number provided. We aim to build a more efficient and secure solution based on the Internet of Things, which is a buzz word in the market. Our proposed system provides an alarm fixed at specific locations in the compartments of a train. In case of emergency, the passenger has to press the alarms’ button, which captures the scene using a built-in digital camera. The system also alarms the Loco-Pilot, Travelling Ticket Examiner, as well as the compartment so as to provide immediate possible help through the fellow co-passengers. The pilot slows down the train to an optimum speed whilst the travelling ticket examiner checks and confirms the pilot whether he has to stop the train. The entire system can be controlled through an authenticated mobile application provided to the ticket examiner. The pictures captured by the camera and other crucial details are uploaded to a cloud-based real-time database. Thus, saving time and taxpayers’ money as well as helping the railways to perform analytics and come up with feasible solutions to the problems of the passengers. The system has the potential to deal with the most prevailing cargo theft like that of coal, by alerting the staff without having to stop the train, making the convicts’ escapes impossible. This also definitely avoids the improper pulling of chains and thereby not causing any hassle to the passengers as well as diminishes the economic loss to the government by reducing the time delay.
Application of Immune Log-Normal Evolutionary Programming in Distributed Generation Installation
Authors: H. Mansor M. , Musirin I. , M. Othman M. , A. Shaaya S. , A. Syed Mustaffa S.
Published: July 2017

Nowadays, the location and sizing of distributed generation (DG) units in power system network are crucial to be at optimal as it will affect the power system operation in terms of stability and security. In this paper, a new technique termed as Immune Log-Normal Evolutionary Programming (ILNEP) is applied to find the optimal location and size of distributed generation units in power system network. Voltage stability is considered in solving this problem. The proposed technique has been tested on the IEEE 26 bus Reliability Test System to find the optimal location and size of distributed generation in transmission network. In order to study the performance of ILNEP technique in solving DG Installation problem, the results produced by ILNEP were compared with other meta-heuristic techniques like evolutionary programming (EP) and artificial immune system (AIS). It is found that the proposed technique gives better solution in term of lower total system loss compared to the other two techniques.
Immunized-Evolutionary Algorithm Based Technique for Loss Control in Transmission System with Multi-Load Increment
Authors: Azwa Shaaya Sharifah , Musirin Ismail , Irwan Sulaiman Shahril , Helmi Mansor Mohd
Published: July 2017

Loss issue is significant in power system since it affects the operation of power system, which ultimately can be translated to monetary effect. Incremental demand that explicitly adding the reactive load causes extra heating losses in the transmission circuit. Without appropriate remedial control, the temperature increase on transmission line cable would end with insulation failure. This phenomenon can be alleviated with a proper compensation scheme that provides optimal solution along with avoidance of under-compensation or over-compensation. Evolutionary Programming (EP) has been recognised as one of the powerful optimisation technique, applied in solving power system problems. Nevertheless, EP is an old technique that sometimes could reach to a settlement that is not fully satisfied. Thus, the need for a new approach to improve the setback is urgent. This paper presents immunized-evolutionary algorithm based technique for loss control in transmission system with multi-load increment. The classical EP was integrated with immune algorithm so as to reduce the computational burden experienced by the classical EP. The algorithm has been tested on a IEEE 12-Bus System and IEEE 14-Bus System. Comparative study was conducted between EP and IEP in terms of optimisation performance. The optimal size and location of PV determined by IEP was able to control the loss in transmission system when the load increases. Results obtained from the studies revealed the merit of the proposed IEP; indicating its feasibility for future implementation in practical system.
À mesa com Tatarana: a alimentação como marca da memória em Grande Sertão: Veredas
Authors: Araújo Aline Macedo Silva
Published: July 2017

O seguinte artigo tem como objetivo principal fazer um percurso gastronômico pelo sertão rosiano analisando alguns fragmentos da obra Grande Sertão: Veredas (1956), de Guimarães Rosa, a partir dos códigos relacionados, na narrativa, à alimentação e à comensalidade, com o fito de desvelar seu valor simbólico intrínseco, observando como as práticas alimentares foram empregadas por Rosa, tanto para a construção do arcabouço romanesco, como para a constituição do processo social e da figura do jagunço. Acreditamos que as abundantes referências à alimentação, às preparações, aos utensílios de cozinha e aos ritos de comensalidade atuam como o que chamaríamos de “gatilho” de memória na narrativa de Riobaldo, já que, além de atuar como uma espécie de médium de memória intratextual na obra (pois aciona lembranças), também atua como médium da memória coletiva.
Jorge Luis Borges em dois juízos finais
Authors: Oliveira Gustavo Ponciano Cunha de
Published: July 2017

Em 1988, Beatriz Sarlo propõe uma passagem entre duas poéticas em Jorge Luis Borges: de Evaristo Carriego (1930) em direção a Historia universal de la infamia (1935). Os dois textos são “insidiosos”, defende a pesquisadora, porque falsificam as biografias de seus personagens. Porém, a coletânea de 1935 opera em âmbito universal. Este movimento, afirma Sarlo, é portador de um acumulo de prerrogativas, associado à dupla inscrição de Borges: o cidadão do mundo e, simultaneamente, o de um país pensado a partir de Buenos Aires. Neste ensaio, sugerimos uma passagem anterior, evidenciada em “Sentirse en muerte” (1928): do criollismo – o poeta dos arrabaldes, dotado da capacidade de transporte sensível e instalado nos limites de sua cidade imaginada, que busca a representação poética digna de seu conceito de argentinidade – em direção à prosa que alcança o caráter argumentativo-reflexivo dos ensaios sobre o tempo e a eternidade característicos de Borges, início de sua legitimação como “percibidor abstracto del mundo”. Este movimento é também portador de um acúmulo de prerrogativas, dupla inscrição de Borges: como poeta, literato e ensaísta programático do criollismo; como meditador dedicado aos assombros contidos em nossos conceitos de vida, tempo e universo, operador de textos da Filosofia e da Teologia.
O prazer estético da comida em Gabriele D’annunzio
Authors: Bona Fabiano Dalla
Published: July 2017

Gabriele D'Annunzio é, sem dúvida, uma das personalidades mais complexas da cultura e da literatura italianas. Homem de acentuado sentido estético, cultor do gosto, amante da arte e do refinamento, apreciador e fruidor do belo e do luxo, dandy por antonomásia, cultor de si mesmo, foi também um gourmet. Personagem poliédrico, difícil de explicar em breves palavras. Era um amante dos doces e de sobremesas, consumia muitas frutas, e ao contrário do que se pensa era bastante parcimonioso à mesa e dedicava-se a longos períodos de jejum. Com base nas obras de Perullo (2006), Visser (1998), Brillat-Savarin (1999), Grimod de La Reynière (2005) e em algumas biografias e ensaios críticos sobre o escritor, o presente artigo discute o papel da estética na comida, na gastronomia e nos rituais da mesa descritos nas obras de Gabriele D’Annunzio.
OCULTOS E NÃO MAPEADOS: UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO SOBRE OS CÓRREGOS DO MANDAQUI
Authors: Bonzi Ramón Stock
Published: July 2017

Em seu crescimento, a cidade de São Paulo enterrou parte considerável de seus rios e córregos. Ainda que tenha sido investido muito capital nessa operação e que os cursos d´água transformados tenham ganhado status de infraestrutura urbana, não foi feito o registro sistemático de suas características e localizações. O resultado é que até muito recentemente era extremamente difícil saber a localização desses córregos ocultos, o que gerou conflitos e situações potencialmente perigosas. Nos últimos anos, políticas públicas e leis desencadearam a produção de um mapeamento sistemático e detalhado da hidrografia paulistana. A que pese a excelência dos profissionais envolvidos com esse levantamento, observa-se que que a rede hídrica paulistana está representada de maneira incompleta. Este artigo pretende colaborar com o seu refinamento, apresentando e discutindo técnicas utilizadas por pesquisadores para identificar córregos ocultos. Como estudo de caso, foi selecionada a bacia hidrográfica do córrego Mandaqui, na zona norte da cidade. Constata-se que os métodos são diferentes daqueles utilizados no mapeamento oficial, mas não antagonizam entre si. Conclui-se que tais procedimentos são úteis em estudos que exigem um maior detalhamento da hidrografia urbana e sugere-se que sejam utilizados no mapeamento oficial, sobretudo quando não estiver disponível do cadastro de drenagem da prefeitura.
MOBILIDADE URBANA NO SISTEMA CICLOVIÁRIO DA AVENIDA CAETANO ÁLVARES
Authors: Victal Rosiani
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo visa estudar o traçado da ciclovia da Avenida Caetano Álvares, na Zona Norte da cidade de São Paulo, que faz parte do sistema cicloviário recentemente implantado pela gestão municipal. O objetivo é analisar questões como a segurança dos usuários e a continuação do traçado desta ciclovia para que a mesma sirva de ligação entre pontos estratégicos da cidade.
PERCEPÇÃO DA CAMINHABILIDADE NO ENTORNO DA INTERSEÇÃO DAS AVENIDAS ENGENHEIRO CAETANO ÁLVARES E IMIRIM
Authors: Marques Taícia Helena Negrin , Batistela Tatiana Sancevero
Published: July 2017

Dentre as discussões sobre como projetar cidades no século XXI, o desafio de reincorporar a dimensão humana em sinergia com a conservação ambiental é crucial quando objetivamos a melhora na qualidade de vida dos centros urbanos. Em acordo a esta abordagem, esse estudo busca analisar a caminhabilidade no trecho ao redor da interseção das avenidas Engenheiro Caetano Álvares e Imirim, na zona norte de São Paulo, através da percepção do pedestre, qualidade urbana e ambiental, já que a região apresenta potencial estruturador para o desenvolvimento de um sistema de infraestrutura verde integrado ao núcleo ecológico da Cantareira.
The Modernization of the Peasant Economy: In Search of the Socialist Path (小农经济现代化的社会主义道路)
Authors: Wang (王海娟) Haijuan , He (贺雪峰) Xuefeng
Published: July 2017

Past studies have discussed the “socialist” nature of agricultural development in China in terms of equality in distribution since the introduction of the Household Responsibility System (hrs) and its institutional necessities. This article instead addresses the issue of the modernization of the peasant economy by exploring the various practices in agricultural production that led to a socialist path since 1980. The peasant economy under thehrstakes the form of a dual-layer management, and the collective economy is under the unified management by the collective. The collective economy propels the modernization of the peasant economy by the means of integration of funding, integration of land rights, and land concentration, respectively, in response to the different phases in the development of the forces of production. What is emerging in China is the fourth path to agricultural modernization characteristic of China, after the existing three paths, namely capitalist agriculture of large private farms, socialist agriculture of large collective farms, and the capitalist agriculture of small family farms. This new path, or socialist agriculture of small family farms, is characterized by the enlargement of the management unit on the basis of the collective economy that overcomes the constraints of the peasant economy. However, while institutional possibilities do exist for a socialist path in agricultural development in China, the policies pursued by the Chinese government are turning Chinese agriculture into capitalist agriculture of small family farms.

学界从均等分配角度揭示了家庭承包经营制后农业发展的“社会主义”性质及其制度合理性，本文尝试从农业生产角度揭示1980年以来中国社会主义道路实践，探究小农经济现代化问题。家庭承包经营制改革后的小农经济采取双层经营体制，集体经济以集体统一经营的方式存在。在不同生产力阶段，集体经济分别以资金整合、地权整合和土地集中的方式，促进小农经济现代化。从集体经济扩大农业经营单位，克服小农经济局限性的角度，中国在资本主式私人大农场农业、社会主义式集体大农场农业、资本主义式小农家庭农业之外，探索出具有中国特色的第四种农业现代化道路，即社会主义式小农家庭农业。中国农业发展有走向社会主义道路的制度空间，但中国政府的政策选择使得中国农业发展正在走向资本主义式小农家庭农业。(This article is in Chinese.)
Taxonomic revision of the New World genus Ariopsis Gill (Siluriformes: Ariidae), with description of two new species
Authors: MARCENIUK ALEXANDRE P. , ACERO ARTURO  P. , COOKE RICHARD , BETANCUR-R RICARDO
Published: July 2017

The taxonomy of sea catfishes (Ariidae) has had a complex history. A recent checklist of catfish species recognized Ariidae as having by far the highest number of species with uncertain status among siluriform families. One of the main problems concerns the classification and species delimitation of the amphiamerican genus Ariopsis Gill. Some recent studies have listed Ariopsis under the synonymy of other genera (e.g., Sciades Müller & Troschel), while other systematic revisions recognize Ariopsis as valid but have pointed out the need for clarification of the species composition of the genus. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, the systematic status and taxonomic limits of the genus Ariopsis are herein redefined. Two new species of Ariopsis are described, one only known from the Archipiélago de las Perlas, Pacific coast of Panama and another endemic to the Colombian Caribbean. Additionally, Ariopsis gilberti from the Pacific coast of Mexico and Ariopsis simonsi from Peru to Colombia (Eastern Pacific), previously listed as synonyms of Ariopsis seemanni, are herein resurrected. Finally, a molecular phylogeny is provided together with an identification key to the eight species in Ariopsis.
An updated species checklist for free-living marine nematodes from the world’s largest mangrove ecosystem, Sundarbans
Authors: ANSARI KAPULI GANI MOHAMED THAMEEMUL , BHADURY PUNYASLOKE
Published: July 2017

The present study provides an updated species checklist for free-living marine nematode species from the world’s largest contiguous mangrove ecosystem, the Sundarbans (India and Bangladesh). The species checklist includes information available from Sundarbans from the 1950s to the present (2016), using the most recent taxonomic classification of nematodes. The species list contains 179 species in 84 genera and 29 families. Four families, Xyalidae (22 species), Linhomoeidae (18 species), Desmodoridae (16 species) and Chromadoridae (15 species) were most speciose. The genera Halalaimus (9 species), Sabatieria and Daptonema (8 species each) were most species rich; 50 genera were represented by just a single species. Six species are new distributional records for Indian waters. The species checklist is the most extensive list of free-living marine nematodes from the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem to date and provides a framework for studying biogeography of free-living marine nematodes from mangrove ecosystems globally.
Redescriptions of four Palaeotropical species of the cestode genus Notopentorchis Burt, 1938 (Cyclophyllidea: Paruterinidae)
Authors: DIMITROVA YANA D. , MARIAUX JEAN , GEORGIEV BOYKO B.
Published: July 2017

The genus Notopentorchis includes cestode parasites from swifts (Aves: Apodiformes: Apodidae and Hemiprocnidae). The following species are redescribed: N. micropus, previously known only from its original record from Apus affinis (Apodidae) in India, redescribed on the basis of specimens from the same host species in Gabon (new geographical record); N. vesiculigera, a widespread parasite of Palaearctic swifts, redescribed from A. affinis in Gabon (new host and geographical record); N. javanica and N. bovieni, both redescribed on the basis of their type series from Hemiprocne longipennis (Apodiformes: Hemiprocnidae) from Indonesia. Sphaeruterina caffrapi from Apus caffer from the Republic of South Africa, previously considered a synonym of N. javanica, is validated and transferred to Notopentorchis as N. caffrapi n. comb. Currently, Notopentorchis includes 8 species, all occurring in the Old World. An identification key to the species of Notopentorchis is presented.
A new genus and species of Ingolfiellidae (Crustacea, Ingolfiellida) from the hyporheic zone in the Sierra de la Ventana, and its biogeographic relevance
Authors: RODRIGUEZ MARIANELA , ARMENDÁRIZ LAURA C. , CAPÍTULO ALBERTO RODRÍGUES
Published: July 2017

With the purpose of collecting macroinvertebrates for benthic studies of hill streams of the Argentinean Pampean ecoregion, a sampling program was performed in different seasons during 2015. The ingolfiellid crustaceans described in this paper were found only in May 2015 in a sector of the rithron of the Ventana Stream located below the point of the upwelling of hyporheic water, 50 m upstream where the stream is covered by larger conglomerates. The specimens (5 females and 4 males) were measured and photographed, and some were dissected and mounted in Euparal. Appendages of head, pereion and pleon were illustrated. The analysis of the examined material allowed us to conclude that it constitutes a new taxon, Yacana ventania n. gen. n. sp., enlarging the distribution of the family Ingolfiellidae in South America. Characteristics: body long and thin; without eyes; short antennae; inner seta of the outer lobe of maxilla1 is bi-dentate, vestigial molar process and serrations on one side, three spine row elements decreasing in size and the last one toothed; labium present; gnathopod 1 and 2 with a notch on the inner side of the carpus, the carpus of gnathopod 1 has three spines, the proximal one is on the top of a finger-shaped process, while the carpus of gnathopod 2 presents just two spines, propodus in both gnathopods with finger-shaped process at its distal end, a tiny spine and a seta; pereiopods dissimilar, with seta and terminal claw; pereiopod 7 differs from the others in size, number and arrangement of its setae. Uropod 2 longer than uropod 1, uropod 3 small and uniramous; sexual dimorphism clearly present in pleopods and uropod 2 because the females present more rows of setae than males, and probably in the setation of pereiopod 7. Sizes of specimens varied between 3–8.8 mm. The cladistic analysis (TNT) demonstrates that Yacana ventania n. gen. n. sp. is closely related to South African genera because of the vestigial mandibular palp, also the new taxon here described shared the sexual dimorphism with Stygobarnardia and Trogloleleupia, its discovery gaining relevance on biogeographical aspects and providing new evidence to the theory of continental drift. Type specimens are deposited in the Carcinology Collection of the División Zoología Invertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Argentina.
The genus Rhinoglena (Rotifera, Monogononta, Ephiphanidae) in North America, with the description of two new species
Authors: SEGERS HENDRIK , WALSH ELIZABETH J.
Published: July 2017

Based on material from aquatic habitats in the northern Chihuahuan Desert and a literature review, we present an account on the occurrence of genus Rhinoglena in North America. Two new species are described, and the presence of Rhinoglena frontalis in the USA is confirmed. Of the two new species, R. texana n. sp. is a close relative of R. frontalis, whereas R. ovigera n. sp. is unique by being oviparous, in contrast to all other Rhinoglena which are viviparous. This prompts a revision of the generic diagnosis of Rhinoglena to accommodate the new species. An identification key to the known species of the genus is provided.
Combination of WENO and Explicit Runge–Kutta Methods for Wind Transport in the Meso-NH Model
Authors: Lunet Thibaut , Lac Christine , Auguste Franck , Visentin Florian , Masson Valéry , Escobar Juan
Published: July 2017

This paper investigates the use of the weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) space discretization methods of third and fifth order for momentum transport in the Meso-NH meteorological model, and their association with explicit Runge–Kutta (ERK) methods, with the specific purpose of finding an optimal combination in terms of wall-clock time to solution. A linear stability analysis using von Neumann theory is first conducted that considers six different ERK time integration methods. A new graphical representation of linear stability is proposed, which allows a first discrimination between the ERK methods. The theoretical analysis is then completed by tests on numerical problems of increasing complexity (linear advection of high wind gradient, orographic waves, density current, large eddy simulation of fog, and windstorm simulation), using a fourth-order-centered scheme as a reference basis. The five-stage third-order and fourth-order ERK combinations appear as the time integration methods of choice for coupling with WENO schemes in terms of stability. An explicit time-splitting method added to the ERK temporal scheme for WENO improves the stability properties slightly more. When the spatial discretizations are compared, WENO schemes present the main advantage of maintaining stable, nonoscillatory transitions with sharp discontinuities, but WENO third order is excessively damping, while WENO fifth order provides better accuracy. Finally, WENO fifth order combined with the ERK method makes the whole physics of the model 3 times faster compared to the classical fourth-order centered scheme associated with the leapfrog temporal scheme.
Purveyor Organizations and the Implementation of Employee Assistance Programs
Authors: Blum Terry C. , Roman Paul M.
Published: July 2017

Employee assistance programs (EAPs) have diffused rapidly, but few studies have examined the processes of this diffusion, and most of these have focused on the characteristics of the organizations adopting EAPs. This article addresses the “purveyor organizations ” that market EAPs to others. The authors hypothesized that the greater the purveyor organization's integration of and managerial control over its subunit for EAP service delivery, the more supportive relationships the purveyor organization has with treatment organizations within its community, and that the higher its level of sociopolitical acceptability, the more successful it will be in encouraging organizations adopting EAPs to implement them fully. Using survey data from 724 occupational program consultants from purveyor organizations, the authors conducted a multivariate analysis. Their findings support the hypotheses that these features of purveyor organizations affect the extent to which EAPs are implemented, with managerial control over the EAP subunit accounting for the most variance.
Differences in Inventory Size Affect the Location but not the Precision of Tongue Positioning in Vowel Production
Authors: Flege James Emil
Published: July 2017

The question addressed by this study was whether native speakers of languages that have a relatively large inventory of vowels maximize the phonetic distance between those vowels by using a relatively wider range of tongue positions than speakers of small-inventory languages. Glossometry was used to measure tongue height in the Spanish vowels /i/, /u/, /a/, /e/, and /o/ and in the English vowels /i/, /u/, /a/, /eI/, and /oU/. These vowels were spoken by eight native speakers each of Spanish and English, normally and with a bite block. The effect of the bite block on average vertical tongue height was negligible, but the tongue was slightly lower in the front of the mouth and higher at the back of the mouth for vowels spoken with, than without, a bite block. Token-to-token variability for vowels spoken in a /b_bV/ context was no greater for the Spanish than for the English subjects despite the smaller vowel inventory of Spanish. The average position of the tongue for the five Spanish and the five English vowels examined did not differ significantly, suggesting that the two languages have the same articulatory “setting”. Despite this, the English subjects produced point vowels with a greater range of vertical tongue positions than the Spanish subjects. Taken together, the results suggest the vowel inventory size may affect the location but not the precision of tongue positioning in vowel production.
The Freedom from Hunger Campaign—Five years of the F.A.O. fertilizer programme
Authors: Richardson H. L.
Published: July 2017

The twentieth anniversary of the United Nations and of F.A.O. fell in 1965; and the second World Freedom-from-Hunger Week was held in October of that year. The goals of the Fertilizer Programme, under F.F.H.C., were described in “Outlook”, IV, 1, and it is opportune to record well-sustained advances in this generous and rewarding endeavour—large in scale, though small in relation to need—which provides hope that hunger, for many, can at least be held at bay.
The synthesis of milk from components of blood
Authors: Barry J. M.
Published: July 2017

Despite the importance of milk in the agricultural economy, information on its synthesis in the animal remains incomplete and much of what is known relates to the goat. Three questions require to be answered. What are the principal compounds absorbed from the blood? What quantities of each are absorbed in the formation of 100 ml of milk? What contribution does each blood component make to each major milk component and to the carbon dioxide expired by the lactating gland ?
Trace elements in enzyme systems with special reference to deficiencies of copper and cobalt in some animal diseases
Authors: Ashton W. M.
Published: July 2017

Certain elements, usually present in plants and animals in only trace amounts, are essential for normal growth and functioning. Absence of these trace elements, or their provision in inadequate amounts, can lead to severe economic losses in crops and farm animals. The essentiality of these elements, coupled with the minute amounts required, suggests a catalytic or enzymic role. This rôle is discussed in some detail with particular reference to copper and cobalt in sheep and cattle.
Monitor surveying for migrant insect pests
Authors: Taylor L R
Published: July 2017

Effective control of erratic crop pests requires accurate timing of treatments, and the dynamics of insect populations are inadequately understood. Aerial monitoring for many species simultaneously, instead of sampling each crop separately, enables the Rothamsted Insect Survey to provide accurate, quantitative, synoptic information on current levels of pest populations; this gives continuity to local assessment for advisory purposes, and adds a spatial dimension to population dynamics.
Post-harvest handling of fresh fruit and vegetables*
Authors: Goldenberg Nathan
Published: July 2017

High quality at harvesting is of great importance in fruit and vegetables that are to be transported to distant markets. The aim in post-harvest handling is to eliminate or minimize potential causes of deterioration. “Pre-cooling”, good hygiene in the packing-house, use of specific chemicals where appropriate, “cold chain” handling from packing-house through to the retail distributor, and display of perishable products in cool cabinets at the retail level, all contribute to this end.
The Use of the Helicopter in Agriculture
Authors: Amsden R. C.
Published: July 2017

Agriculture, in the broadest interpretation of the word, has many, widely differing, uses for aircraft, and thus for a variety of different types of aircraft, including a whole range of helicopter designs. At first sight the helicopter appears to be the ideal universal spray aircraft, but in practice it has definite limitations. This article considers these limitations, as well as the special uses for which the helicopter is ideal.