bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Summer Temperature on the Work Efficiency of Dentists
Authors: Henna Mir  , Shivalingesh KK  , Anushka Gupta  , Adeeba Saleem  , Divya Srivastava  , Waseem Ashraf
Published: December 2019

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Environment is closely related to human health. While the effects of temperature on comfort are broadly recognized, the effects on worker productivity have received much less attention. Thus this research was planned to investigate the eﬀects of heat stress on job satisfaction, job performance, occupational stress among dentists.

MATERIALS AND METHOD: This research was designed to be cross-sectional in nature where a convenience sampling of 70 interns, 88 post-graduate students and 49 faculty members of IDS Bareilly were selected. Questionnaires were self-administered and contained twelve points for job satisfaction (Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire), thirteen points for occupational stress and twelve for job performance

RESULTS: The subjects were moderately satisfied with their jobs, were less stressed and had a moderate job performance. After descriptive tests, the Chi-squared test,  Pearson and Spearman Correlation Coeﬃcient was applied to test statistical significance and p value was set to be significant at p<0.5.

DISCUSSION: The present study showed that most of the dentists (60.9%) had a high sense of heat and such results may be because of the current hospital framework which includes lack of air conditioners, continuous patient workload in hospital, high sense of heat among the dentists working in top floors etc.

CONCLUSION: If effective prevention measures are taken in the hospitals, dentists may perform more efficiently and also the increase the job satisfaction.
In vivo and in vitro knockout system labelled using fluorescent protein via microhomology-mediated end joining
Authors: Katayama Shota , Sato Kota , Nakazawa Toru
Published: December 2019

Gene knockout is important for understanding gene function and genetic disorders. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has great potential to achieve this purpose. However, we cannot distinguish visually whether a gene is knocked out and in how many cells it is knocked out among a population of cells. Here, we developed a new system that enables the labelling of knockout cells with fluorescent protein through microhomology-mediated end joining–based knock-in. Using a combination with recombinant adeno-associated virus, we delivered our system into the retina, where the expression of Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 was driven by a retina ganglion cell (RGC)–specific promoter, and knocked out carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT). We evaluated RGCs and revealed that CAT is required for RGC survival. Furthermore, we applied our system to Keap1 and confirmed that Keap1 is not expressed in fluorescently labelled cells. Our system provides a promising framework for cell type–specific genome editing and fluorescent labelling of gene knockout based on knock-in.
Shocks and the Economic Outlook
Authors: Beauchemin Kenneth
Published: December 2019

The U.S. economy has recently been hit by a number of supply shocks, and businesses and consumers have seen oil, food, and materials prices rise as a result. Such shocks typically take several years to play themselves out completely. I apply a downsized version of a macroeconomic forecasting model in use at the Cleveland Fed to project the likely quantitative impact of the shocks on GDP growth and consumer prices.
Improving Inflation Forecasts in the Medium to Long Term
Authors: Zaman Saeed
Published: December 2019

A simple but powerful technique for incorporating a changing underlying inflation trend into standard statistical time series models can improve forecast accuracy significantly—about 20 percent to 30 percent, two to three years out.
Assessment and Analysis of the Cost of Debt Changes after Domestic Russian Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors: Mikhal’chuk V. B.
Published: December 2019

The study analyzes the impact of domestic Russian mergers and acquisitions on the cost of debt for companies involved in deals. The author systematized the existing findings in this area in developed and emerging markets. The methodology developed by the author for analyzing the impact of mergers and acquisitions on the cost of debt considers the specifics of the Russian market and can be used in conditions of limited information about nonpublic companies. The estimation of the cost of debt is based on synthetic credit ratings of the companies involved in the deal and the corresponding yield spreads between corporate and government bonds. The methodology was tested on a sample of 73 domestic deals completed in 2014–2016. Random effects model with robust standard errors was used to test the significance of factors affecting the cost of debt. This research makes several practical contributions. First, in the studied sample, deals lead to an increase of the cost of debt by 3,1% within a year after the deal. Second, significant factors affecting the change in the cost of debt after domestic Russian mergers and acquisitions were identified. The cost of debt is reduced by the purchase of large companies during the period of economic growth. There is a significant impact of the deal value on the increase of the cost of debt. Company management, academic researchers and experts can use research results to assess potential deals of mergers and acquisitions on emerging markets. The developed methodology can be applied to mergers and acquisitions in other countries to analyze the features of these markets.
Bozuk Yol Verileri Kullanarak Bir Yaprak Yayın Yorulma Hayatının SEA ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ŞENER Arif Şenol , MARAL Yunus
Published: December 2019

Araçlardaki yorulma kaynaklı hataları
genelde uzun zamanda yani yüksek km ler de ortaya çıkan, hem müşteri hem de
üretici firmanın karşılaşmak istemediği cidi bir kalite hatasıdır. Bu makale de
hafif bir ticari oto için üretici firma yakınlarında oluşturulmuş olan
güvenilirlik ve yorulma testleri parkurlarından en ağır olanının yol profil
karakteristiği ipli bir potansiyometre ile ölçümü ve kullanılabilir hale getirilmesi
için veri işlemesi yapılmıştır. Ardından sol arka yaprak yayının bilgisayar
programı ile modellenmesi, meshlenmesi, statik analizleri  ile  
yorulma analizinin Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi yöntemi vasıtasıyla
hesaplanması yapılarak bu yaprak yayın yorulma hayatının değerlendirilmesi
yapılmıştır.
AISI 1050, AISI 304 VE AISI 430 TİP ÇELİKLERİN YAKMA ALIN KAYNAK YÖNTEMİYLE KAYNATILMASI VE MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ARABACI Uğur , ÇİMEN Muhanmet
Published: December 2019

Bu
çalışmada, AISI 304, AISI 430 paslanmaz çelikleri ile AISI 1050 tip çeliğe
yakma alın kaynağı uygulanmış ve bu uygulamanın malzemelerin mekanik ve
mikroyapı özellikleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Birleştirilen
numunelerin sertlikleri, çekme mukavemetleri ve mikroyapı özellikleri
incelenerek birbirleri ile mukayeseleri yapılmıştır. Deney çalışmaları
esnasında yakma alın kaynak parametreleri sabit tutulmuştur. Bu çalışmada elde edilen sonuçların,
yakma alın kaynak yöntemini kullanarak AISI 304, AISI 430 paslanmaz çeliklerin
ve AISI 1050 çeliğinin kaynağını yapan imalatçıların kullanabileceği verilerin
tespitleri amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma sonunda AISI 304 ve AISI 1050
malzemelerinin en yüksek sertlik değerleri kaynak bölgesinde (ITAB) görülürken,
AISI 430 paslanmaz çeliğinin sertlik değerlerinin kaynak bölgesinde düşüşler
yaşadığı tespit edilmiştir. AISI 1050 malzemesinin kaynak edildiği numune
çiftlerinde sertlik değerlerini ve çekme mukavemetini artırdığı görülmüştür.
İzopropanol ve Heptan Karışım Yakıtları Kullanımının Bir HCCI Motorda Performans Yanma ve Emisyon Karakteristiklerinin Deneysel İncelenmesi
Authors: CALAM Alper , AYDOĞAN Bilal
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada tek silindirli, port enjeksiyon sistemine sahip HCCI
motorda, izopropanolün yanma ve egzoz emisyonlarına etkisi deneysel olarak
incelenmiştir. Deneyler 1000 rpm motor hızında ve 60 oC emme havası
giriş sıcaklığında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada saf n-heptan ve n-heptan
izopropanol yakıt karışımları (ip25 ve ip50) kullanılmıştır. Silindir içi
basınç, ısı dağılımı, yanma başlangıcı, yanma süresi, basınç artış oranı ve
egzoz emisyonları incelenmiştir. Tüm test yakıtlarında da karışımın
fakirleşmesiyle silindir içi basınç ve ısı dağılımının azaldığı tespit
edilmiştir. N-heptan yakıtına izopropanol ilavesi yanma başlangıcının gecikmeye
alınmasına ve yanma süresinin uzamasına neden olmuştur. En yüksek indike termik
verim ip25 yakıtı kullanımında HFK’nın 2.4 oldu şartlarda % 43.27 olarak tespit
edilmiştir. İp25 ve ip50 yakıtları kullanımında n-heptan yakıtına göre CO
emisyonları sırası ile %22.7 ve %62.1 oranında kötüleşmiştir. Bununla birlikte
HC emisyonları sırası ile %8.8 ve %12 oranında artış göstermiştir. N-heptan
yakıtına izopropanol ilavesi, basınç artış oranının azalmasını sağlamıştır.
Böylece kendiliğinden gerçekleşen HCCI yanması kontrol altına alınmıştır.
Elektropolimerize 3,5-Diamino-1,2,4-Triazol Film ile Modifiye Edilmiş Altın Elektrot Yüzeyinde Epinefrinin Voltametrik Tayini ve Elektrokimyasal Davranışı
Authors: TABANLIGİL CALAM Tuğba
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada, altın elektrot (Au) yüzeyi 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazol (35DT) molekülü ile elektrokimyasal yöntemle modifiye edilmiştir. Epinefrinin (EP) modifiye elektrot (35DT-Au) yüzeyindeki elektrokimyasal davranışı diferansiyel puls voltametrisi (DPV) ve dönüşümlü voltametri (CV) teknikleriyle incelenmiştir. EP'nin yükseltgenme işleminde 35DT-Au modifiye elektrot yüzeyi iyi bir elektrokatalitik aktivite göstermiştir. EP tayini, 35DT-Au modifiye elektrot yüzeyinde DPV tekniği kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Optimum şartlar altında, 35DT-Au modifiye elektrot ile EP’ye ait doğrusal çalışma aralığı 0,9-32,31 μM ve 32,31-1050 μM olmak üzere iki farklı derişim aralığı olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu iki derişim aralığı için gözlenebilme sınırları (LOD) sırasıyla 0,39 ve 12,33 μM olarak bulunmuştur. EP tayini için, 35DT-Au elektrot iyi bir tekrarlanabilirlik, kararlılık ve hassasiyet göstermiştir. Ayrıca, gerçek numune olarak ilaç numunei seçilmiş ve ilaçta EP tayini 35DT-Au elektrot ile başarıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Çiftçilerin İyi Tarım Uygulamalarına Katılma İstekliliklerini Etkileyen Değişkenler: Kahramanmaraş İli Örneği
Authors: DOĞAN Bilal , İKİKAT TÜMER Emine
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada Kahramanmaraş ilinde çiftçilerin İyi Tarım Uygulamalarına katılma istekliliklerini etkileyen değişkenlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla Kahramanmaraş Merkez, Pazarcık ve Türkoğlu ilçelerinde 236 çiftçi ile anket yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacına ulaşmak için elde edilen verilere Binomial Logit modeli uygulanmıştır. Model sonucunda İyi Tarım Uygulamalarına katılma istekliliği ile hane halkı birey sayısı, tarım dışı işte çalışma durumu ve üretim yapılan bölgenin temiz veya kirli olma durumu arasında negatif yönlü, arazi varlığı ve Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı il/ilçe müdürlükleri ile görüşme sıklığı arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak hane halkı birey sayısı fazla, arazi varlığı az ve tarım dışı işte de çalışan çiftçilere İyi Tarım Uygulamaları hakkında bilgi verilmelidir.
Cevizde Depolama Süresinin Protein ve Yağ Kompozisyonuna Olan Etkisinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÖZCAN Akide , SÜTYEMEZ Mehmet
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışma, cevizde üç ürün yılında alınan ve +4°C’de 0-2 yıl süreyle muhafaza edilen meyvelerde toplam protein, toplam yağ, doymuş ve doymamış yağ asit içeriklerindeki değişim durumunun belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulguların ortalama sonuçlarına göre, muhafaza süresi 2 yıl olan meyvelerde, protein oranı %19.65, toplam yağ oranı %60.34 olarak belirlenirken, 1 yıl muhafaza edilen meyvelerde protein oranı %18.48, toplam yağ oranı %64.89 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Hasat edildiği yıl içerisinde analiz edilen meyvelerde ise protein oranının %18.91 ve toplam yağ oranının ise %62.60 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Genotiplerin stearik asit oranlarının %2.89 ile %2.97, miristik asit oranlarının %0.02 ile %0.03, palmitik asit oranlarının ise %6.87 ile %7.06 değerleri arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca genotiplerin linoleik ve α-linolenik asit oranlarının sırasıyla %60.93 ile %62.23 ve %11.01 ile %11.62 değerleri arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Genotiplerin, oleik asit oranlarının %14.97 ile %16.65 ve palmitoleik asit oranlarının ise %0.07 ile %0.08 değerleri arasında olduğu bulunmuştur. Farklı ürün yıllarında alınan ve +4°C’de, farklı sürelerde muhafaza edilen örnekler de protein ve yağ kompozisyon oranlarında önemli değişikliklerin olmadığı belirlenmiştir.
Mémoires d’outre tabou : formes et enjeux de l’outrance dans Tonton ! Rends moi ma virginité… de Nassur Attoumani
Authors: Rasoamanana Linda
Published: December 2019

Tonton ! Rends- moi ma virginité… (2015), le dernier roman de l’écrivain mahorais Nassur Attoumani, pointe une double horreur : l’inceste et la pédophilie. Une femme anonyme de Mayotte y raconte son calvaire d’enfant quand elle habitait à la Réunion à la fin des années 1990, chez son oncle imam, un faux dévot. Attoumani n’est certes pas le premier à fictionnaliser l’inceste afin de dénoncer les silences qui protègent ce tabou à Mayotte. Alain Kamal Martial dans sa pièce Papa m’a suicideR et David Jaomanoro dans sa nouvelle Tamou avaient déjà ouvert la voie en 2006. Mais la singularité de Nassur Attoumani est d’écrire un roman à la première personne qui déborde le lecteur sur plusieurs plans, au point de créer chez lui un malaise, plus ou moins nauséeux, dont il faut analyser les sources révulsantes mais aussi interroger l’efficacité romanesque. À vouloir trop bien dénoncer les tabous familiaux et rétablir dans leur dignité les victimes de la pédophilie incestueuse, le romancier n’en aurait-il pas trop fait dans la fictionnalisation de l’enfance violée ? Pour répondre à la question, on analysera les nombreuses outrances (de composition, de représentation, de situation et de style) dont regorge le roman avant d’en mesurer les effets sur les lecteurs à l’aune des intentions de l’auteur.
Vardiyalı Çalışma Sistemi Çalışanlar İçin Ne Kadar İyi?
Authors: DEĞİRMENCİOĞLU Mine
Published: December 2019

Havayolunu kullanan yolcuların artması ve havacılık
sektöründe küresel rekabetin getirdiği teknolojik yenilikler havacılık
sektöründe vardiya sistemini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Fenemenoloji deseninde
yürütülen bu çalışmada; Antalya Havalimanında yer alan bir yer hizmeti
şirketindeki çalışanların vardiyalı çalışma sistemine ilişkin algıları derinlemesine
incelenmiştir. Nitel analizler sonucunda çalışanların vardiyalı çalışma
sisteminden olumsuz şekilde etkilendiği tespit edilmiş, vardiyalı çalışma
sistemi, hem psikolojik hem de fizyolojik olarak insan sağlığına etki ettiği
saptanmıştır.
Üniversitede Havacılık Bölümlerinde Okuyan Öğrencilerin Meslek Seçiminde Etkili Olan Faktörlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: ŞEN Gülaçti
Published: December 2019

Meslek
seçimi, öğrencilerin gelecek planlarını belirlemede, mutlu olmalarında ve
topluma yararlı birey olarak yaşamlarını sürdürmelerinde çok önemli bir etkiye
sahiptir. Günümüzde havacılık sektörünün hızlı gelişimiyle birlikte
üniversitelerde havacılık bölümlerinin hızla açılmaya başlaması, konunun
önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın amacı, üniversitelerin
havacılık bölümlerinde öğrenimlerini sürdüren öğrencilerin meslek seçiminde etkili
olduğu düşünülen etmenleri incelemektir. Çalışmada araştırmanın örneklemini üniversitede
havacılık bölümlerine yeni kayıt yaptıran ve rastgele örnekleme tekniği ile
seçilen 253 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında anket formu kullanılmıştır.
Öğrencilerin %35,6’sı kadın (90), %64,4’ü (163) erkektir. Öğrencilerin %
76.7’sinin ilk tercihi havacılık bölümüdür. Havacılığı tercih nedenleri ile ilgili
olarak öğrencilerin 7’li Likert skalasına göre puan vermeleri istenmiştir. Buna
göre havacılık sektöründe kariyer yapma isteği (ortalama 6,53 puan),
havacılığın saygın bir meslek olduğunu düşünme (6,52), havacılığa ilgi duyma
(6,45), ekip çalışmasını sevme (6,18), yeteneklerinin havacılığa uygun olduğunu
düşünme (5,81) ilk beş sırada yer alan etmenlerdir.
Edição Completa
Authors: Revista Dialectus
Published: December 2019

Edição Completa (n. 15).
EXISTE DIREITO INTERNACIONAL EM ROUSSEAU?
Authors: Espíndola Arlei de
Published: December 2019

O artigo busca mostrar a presença da discussão sobre o problema do direito internacional na filosofia de Rousseau ainda que ele priorize a fundamentação dos princípios, no que consegue concluir de seu projeto, das relações estabelecidas no Estado, visando definir, teoricamente, a legitimidade do poder político internamente. Entretanto, mantém que estava na sua agenda refletir da mesma forma sobre as relações ideais entre os povos à medida que os acontecimentos bélicos de sua época, no mundo europeu, cobravam por isto. Se a escrita do genebrino fornece elementos para dizer-se que a unidade natural é a referência nos começos, ir adiante, com o propósito de pensar sobre o direito internacional, tendo em conta aquilo que a ele se relacionava, admitindo, pois, a existência de outros Estados, permanentemente em contato, é o que precisaríamos aceitar. São as desavenças, estabelecidas e consumadas, neste âmbito mais amplo, que se apresentavam ao final para serem administradas, fazendo-se correto dar atenção a esse aspecto, germinal na obra de Rousseau, compreendendo-o com o valor por este merecido, assim como se procura fazer.
PETTIT E ROUSSEAU: SOBRE CONTESTABILIDADE
Authors: Diab Fernanda
Published: December 2019

Pettit distingue dos tradiciones republicanas, una de origen ítalo-atlántico y otra franco-alemana. Mientras él se identifica con la primera, el pensamiento de Rousseau es uno de los pilares teóricos de la segunda. Ambas coinciden en la defensa de la libertad como no dominación pero difieren fundamentalmente en su concepción de ciudadanía y representación. Pettit sostiene que Rousseau enfrenta una situación dilemática entre la defensa de la libertad como no-dominación y el rechazo de la representación. Para que el Estado no se convierta él mismo en fuente de dominación es necesario generar vías de contestación para la ciudadanía lo cual sólo es posible – según Pettit – en un régimen de constitución mixta. Al rechazar la representación Rousseau no daría cuenta de estos canales y negaría la posibilidad de revisar y cambiar el curso de las leyes y las políticas que no persigan el bien común. En este artículo sostengo que la defensa de Pettit sobre la existencia de una situación dilemática en la teoría de Rousseau entre la defensa de la no dominación y el rechazo a la representación se realiza asumiendo una versión densa de la voluntad general, y que a partir de una caracterización alternativa de la misma, como – por ejemplo – la propuesta por John Rawls, es posible fundamentar que en Rousseau la contestación del poder público sí está justificada.
ROUSSEAU: APORIAS DA AUTONOMIA
Authors: Herb Karlfriedrich
Published: December 2019

A festa acabou, o povo sumiu. O tricentenário do nascimento de Jean-Jacques Rousseau oferece poucos motivos para festejar. Mesmo empregando uma matriz de legitimidade democrática, no Contrato social, Rousseau não desenvolve perspectivas favoráveis para o futuro. O artigo examina a avaliação paradoxal do republicanismo moderno, mostrando a radicalidade com a qual Rousseau desenvolve o princípio da autonomia do cidadão – sacrificando-a finalmente em nome da autenticidade do indivíduo. Com essas aporias torna-se evidente como Rousseau poderia ser ao mesmo tempo protagonista da autonomia política e descobridor da autenticidade moderna. Nesse sentido, a obra de Rousseau não escapa da dialética do iluminismo.
ROUSSEAU E O SENTIMENTO DE EXISTÊNCIA COMO RECURSO AUTOBIOGRÁFICO E AUTOFORMATIVO
Authors: Dozol Marlene de Souza , Reis Lia Presgrave
Published: December 2019

A obra rousseauniana encarna o sentimento de existência quando a solidão aparece da forma expressiva observada n’Os Devaneios do caminhante solitário, nas Confissões e nos Diálogos: Rousseau, juiz de Jean Jacques, obras autobiográficas do filósofo. Diante da impossibilidade histórica de recuperar a unidade perdida na máscara das relações sociais e de alcançar a felicidade que a vida mundana não lhe havia proporcionado, Jean Jacques volta se para a interioridade, escolhendo o isolamento como condição existencial. Na impossibilidade de transformar o mundo exterior, recorre à reforma interior visando à redenção individual. Nosso interesse na obra de Rousseau se concentra no deslocamento desta, começada como uma filosofia da história universal em direção a uma literatura que imprime uma “experiência existencial” (STAROBINSKI, 2011, p. 52). Conforme Burgelin (1978), Starobinski (2011) e Prado Jr. (2008), os quais consideram Rousseau um precursor das filosofias da existência, intencionamos destacar essa abordagem para a existência na obra literária e autobiográfica rousseauniana, colocando a como problema filosófico para daí extrair um problema filosófico educacional concernente à autoformação. Pretendemos enfatizar a visão de um autor personagem examinador de sua experiência vital e que, ao identificar situações cruciais e banais, transforma as em matéria prima para seu pensamento, para o filosofar e para a confecção de um si mesmo. Concluímos que a solidão para Rousseau é também um recurso para a fabricação do “eu” tanto na vida quanto em sua obra. Nos textos autobiográficos, a solidão é um meio para o indivíduo empreender o exame estético de consciência intencionando melhor compreender a si mesmo. Concluímos igualmente que o sentimento de existência equivale à consciência de existir, a qual, abrangendo razão e sentimento, significa intenção e atitude que encontram na linguagem sua possibilidade mais recorrente de expressão. Desse modo, o sentimento de existir instaura nossa existência no sentido de que dele emerge a consciência de si cuja intensificação, em Rousseau, necessita da solidão para exaltar o sentimento de existência. O conceito de existência em Rousseau somente adquire a devida relevância se entendido na concretude de um sentimento de existir no contexto da condição humana de um estar no mundo que vivencia e indaga a própria existência.
O PROBLEMA DAS RELAÇÕES INTERESTATAIS NO PENSAMENTO POLÍTICO DE ROUSSEAU
Authors: Ribeiro Lucas Mello Carvalho
Published: December 2019

O objetivo do presente artigo é explicar o que leva J.-J. Rousseau a afirmar que o conflito é inerente às relações entre Estados. Trata-se, pois, de elucidar o que fundamenta o diagnóstico disposto em seus Principes du droit de la guerre, segundo o qual “o estado de guerra é natural entre as potências”. Para tanto, avançamos uma hipótese que pode ser desmembrada em dois eixos interligados. Se o genebrino sustenta que a condição originária das soberanias é de hostilidade mútua – ainda que não deflagrada –, isso se deve (i) a um marcado questionamento da efetividade, se não da possibilidade mesma, de uma regulação jurídica do plano interestatal e (ii) à natureza peculiar do ente político. O primeiro momento desta hipótese irá nos conduzir ao diálogo crítico que Rousseau estabelece com a tradição jusnaturalista, uma vez que o direito natural, pelo menos em sua acepção canônica, impõe-se como princípio de obrigação tanto para os indivíduos quanto para os seres coletivos. Desde essa perspectiva, portanto, as relações interestatais contariam, ab ovo, com um dispositivo normativo. Disso se segue que a guerra seria, invariavelmente, o produto de um desvio, de uma ruptura daquela ordenação preestabelecida; jamais o estado originário do sistema internacional, como pretende Rousseau. Contudo, a recusa de uma normatividade natural não explica, por si, a belicosidade da dinâmica interestatal. É sabido que, sob a ótica rousseauniana, os indivíduos no puro estado de natureza – isto é, aquém do discernimento de quaisquer normas de justiça arrazoada – desconhecem a guerra. Daí o segundo momento de nossa hipótese: é preciso explicitar a profunda diferença entre a natureza humana e aquela dos corpos políticos, de modo a esclarecer por que, deixados a si, os indivíduos dispõem de uma existência pacífica, enquanto as potências tendem ao conflito.
SOBRE A HIPÓTESE DO ESTADO DE NATUREZA E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A NATUREZA EM ROUSSEAU: PRESSUPOSTOS E COROLÁRIOS
Authors: Soares Telmir de Souza
Published: December 2019

O estado de natureza é um dos temas fortes do pensamento de Rousseau. Uma das principais discussões acerca desse tema diz respeito ao seu caráter hipotético. Entretanto, pouco se discutiu sobre o que vem a ser uma hipótese para o pensamento de Rousseau, o contexto em que ele se utiliza desse conceito e as consequências associadas à interpretação literal dessa escolha para as teorias que derivam, em maior ou menor grau, do conceito de estado de natureza, como é o caso do lugar da sensibilidade no pensamento de Rousseau. Essa questão do estado de natureza, por outro lado, está associada ao próprio conceito de natureza. Na maioria das vezes um é tomado pelo outro apesar de suas diferenças. Nosso artigo pretende lançar algumas luzes sobre essas questões procurando ser um elemento adicional para um debate atual sobre o estado de arte desses conceitos no pensamento de Rousseau.
ROUSSEAU: DA PIEDADE À INDIFERENÇA
Authors: Carvalho Zilmara de Jesus Viana de
Published: December 2019

A presente comunicação objetiva demonstrar que a piedade em Rousseau, muito embora seja condição de possibilidade fundamental para o estabelecimento de relações sociais mais humanas, pode se converter em condição para a desumanidade e indiferença para com o que sofre. Argumenta-se, para tanto, que ao mesmo tempo em que a imaginação, e com ela a capacidade do homem reconhecer o outro como de sua espécie, sentindo por este empatia, encontre lugar propício para seu desenvolvimento na sociedade, também revela nesse cenário, pelo aumento das luzes, que a capacidade do homem apiedar-se pode manifestar-se, por vezes, em relação aos que se afiguram como seus iguais, porém de forma muito tênue, e até inexistente, no que concerne aos que pela distância são avaliados como diferentes, sendo por isso hostilizados. Acrescente-se a isso que a exposição excessiva a determinados acontecimentos é apresentada no Emílio como contraproducente, visto conduzir à indiferença.
Tra grammatica e politica: l’uso delle preposizioni v е na davanti al termine Ucraina
Authors: Rumjancev Oleg
Published: December 2019

This paper analyzes the use of the preposition in that in Ukrainian and Russian can assume the form v or na. In the 20th century the use of both prepositions has assumed political meanings which has diversified the semantics of the expressions na Ukraine and v Ukraine (in Ukraine) and correlates. We aim to show the evolution of meaning of these prepositions, to explain the use of them in Ukrainian and Russian publicist and diplomatic texts, to demonstrate how scholars and publicists motivate the use of v and na and to highlight correlate problems.
Identità nazionale e lingua: politica linguistica e pianificazione linguistica nell'Ucraina sovietica interbellica
Authors: Orazi Laura
Published: December 2019

The article highlights the importance of the interwar period for the development of the Ukrainian language in contemporary Ukraine. It briefly summarizes the main trends in language policy in the 1920s and 1930s, then focuses on the approach to the activity of language planning in the so-called Ukrainization period (1925-1932). It is stressed that the relationship between language and nation, and language and identity, influenced by the German model of nation, is crucial not only to understanding the normalization activity in the 1920s, but also for contemporary developments in the fields of language policy and language implementation.
Ucraina tra forme e colori: una trasformazione dei percorsi storici
Authors: Konstantynenko Ksenija
Published: December 2019

The article is an analysis of the peculiarities of the Ukrainian representative art. It is important that, in spite of not having its own State, Ukrainian ethnical group has produced a sort of “artistic homeland”, with images having a high symbolic meaning. The contradiction between occidental influences in other fields and an apparently traditional structure of religious representations is explicable. Especially, the article focuses on the great importance of color, as well as on the abundance of motives connected to joyful colors of nature in 19th and 20th century art, up to now. It is deduced that Ukrainian art tends to turn tragic events into perfect beautiful shapes based on nature and on the life cycle, and thus acquires a positive therapeutic aim.
D’une Obscure Polémique
Authors: Chemla Yves
Published: December 2019

In 1958, in the pages of the daily newspaper Port-au-Prince Le Nouvelliste one can read violent exchanges between two major writers, recognized internationally. Back from exile in the capital a few months apart, Jacques Stéphen Alexis and René Dépestre, the major actors of the Revolution of 1946, clash about the creation of the Port-au-Prince office of the African Society of Culture, whose principle had been recorded at the 1st Congress of the black writers and artists in 1956 at La Sorbonne. Famous, published, identified actors of the international communist movement, the two writers are opposed under the gaze of the Haitian society, and François Duvalier, elected president in 1957. The controversy rises in intensity for several weeks, and soon becomes an exchange accusations and taunts. The initial pretext gives way to radical cross-criticisms, which skew the aesthetic, political and anthropological conceptions of the two writers. But the violence of the tone ends up destroying the very meaning of the debate. During this period, however, is set up the violent and dictatorial police state, without it becoming possible to slow down this growth.
La chair linguistique des femmes
Quand le texte se fait corps et sexe
Authors: Fianco Fabiana
Published: December 2019

At length stripped of any free and independent voice by male writers, Haitian and African novelists shattered the taboos surrounding sex and a liberated sexual expression during the second half of the 20th century. By exploring sexuality and sensuality in their work, these writers courageously managed to break free from the outskirts of society and reshape the inferior identity unjustly attributed to them by the literary canons. As there is a gap in in-depth research on this subject, our study aims to explore the different ways in which female sexuality is constructed on paper. The novels by Calixthe Beyala, Frieda Ekotto, Ken Bugul, Margaret Papillon, Yanick Lahens and Kettly Mars will allow us to focus on three themes often recurring in the female universe: violence, madness and prostitution. Particularly, the research will take into consideration the enunciative and discursive modalities, as well as the stylistic techniques that enabled these authors to enhance a strong female subjectivity through their bodies.
A Caribbean Reading of American Cultural Idealism
Kamau Brathwaite’s Poetry Meets Claudia Rankine’s Lyricism
Authors: Morrison Derrilyn E.
Published: December 2019

In Middle Passages, Edward Kamau Brathwaite’s poetic discourse propels the reader through the landscape of a postmodern American society where the cultural achievements, despite the historical suffering of modern African American people, are regathered and offered through the poetic lens of re-memory as an American artifact of excelling cultural value. In this paper, Brathwaite’s poetic discourse joins that of Claudia Rankine, whose Don’t Let Me Be Lonely offers a contemporary poetic confrontation between the American media’s distillation of history and the poetic re-memory of those events, through the eyes of the Black community. The collections maintain strong political overtones in their historicizing of the suffering that African peoples have endured wherever they are in the black diaspora. Read together, they challenge the mythological depictions of mainstream America as a nation that embraces cultural difference, while upholding the need for continuing a discourse that contests mainstream representations of the status quo of the black American community.
Future Prospects of Collaboration Between Ukraine Association of Family Medicine (UAFM) and WONCA
Authors: П. О. Колесник  , Л. Ф. Матюха
Published: December 2019

The participation of the UAFM representatives in WONCA international conference 2019 is highlighted and perspectives of the further collaboration between two non-governmental organizations of family doctors is discussed in the article.
International Collaboration with the World Organization of Family Physicians WONCA. Women’s Family Medicine Party - WONCA Working Party on Women and Family Medicine (WWPWFM)
Authors: В. І. Ткаченко
Published: December 2019

The World Organization of Family Doctors WONCA founded in 1972, it has a number of working groups (parties) in various fields, including WONCA Working Party on Women and Family Medicine (WWPWFM), the Young Doctors Movement, and special clinical interest groups. Working groups (parties) are involved in the development of constituent and recommendation documents in specific areas of general practicefamily medicine.The objective: is to highlight the results of the international collaboration with WONCA and the activities in WWPWFM.Materials and methods. Performed analysis of constituent and recommendation documents, own activities, observations and participation in WONCA programs, projects and its working groups.Results. The article presents the results of international activities as a leader of the European Region of WWPWFM (leader – Prof. Tkachenko V.I., Ukraine), collaboration with WONCA Europe Council, participation in Council meetings, participation in events, organization and conduction of WONCA Europe 2019 as a speaker, moderator of workshops and chair of some sessions, reviewer of conferences. Two workshops, 2 oral and 3 poster reports were conducted in 2019. The main keynote lectures of the conference 2019 are covered. The results and directions of cooperation with the WONCA Working Groups on Rural Family Medicine EURIPA, Violence, the Vasco da Gama Movement, participation in EGPRN and EURACT projects are presented.Conclusions. The results of international cooperation with WONCA and activities in WWPWFM allowed to receive the most up-to-date information on achievements and prospects of family medicine development, gender issues, take measures to improve the quality of training, research, gender equality and create partnership programs and cooperation with foreign specialists, to strength the role of Ukraine at the global level.
Analysis of Causes of Death in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis Associated with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Н. Р. Матковська
Published: December 2019

Today, it has been proven that about 10% of deaths among young and middle-aged people relate to the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol is ranked third among the causes of mortality in young people after tobacco and arterial hypertension, and second place – among the causes of liver transplantation inEurope. InUkraine, mortality due to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has taken second place in the structure of causes of death from diseases of the digestive system.The objective: to study the peculiarities of the causes of death in patients with ALD at the stage of liver cirrhosis (LC) associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on the basis of the analysis of pathoanatomical research protocols.Materials and methods. 216 protocols of the pathoanatomical study of the patients who died from LC have been analyzed.Results. It was found that people who abused alcohol died at the stage of subcompensation and compensation from pancreatic necrosis, and at the stage of decompensation – from the gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) (more than half patients), hepatic, hepatic-renal insufficiency (HRI) and sepsis. The causes of death of people with NAFLD at the stages of compensation and subcompensation were myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, pulmonary embolism, mesenteric thrombosis and brain stroke; and in the stage of decompensation in most cases the hepatic and HRI were detected. In patients with a combination of ALD disease and NAFLD at the stage of LC, the causes of death were the following disorders at the stage of compensating: myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, pulmonary embolism, mesenteric thrombosis, brain stroke and pancreatic necrosis; at the stage of subcompensation, apart from the mentioned disorders, were: GIB and sepsis, and at the stage of decompensation there were myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, pulmonary embolism, mesenteric thrombosis, brain stroke, hepatic and HRI, GIB, sepsis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (5.7% of patients).Conclusions. Patients with NAFLD at the stages of compensation and subcompensation of LC are more likely to have acute cardiovascular mortality than patients with ALD. Patients with a combination of ALD and NAFLD, in addition to acute cardiovascular mortality, have more often septicemia and HRI, and hepatocellular carcinoma is diagnosed.
ETIOLOGICAL MYTH AS A MEANING-FORMATIVE COMPONENT OF THE OSSETIAN LITERARY TALE
Authors: Britaeva Anzhela Borisovna
Published: December 2019

The article analyses close interrelation of the Ossetian literary tale and the archaic animal epos. Special attention is paid to the etiological myth as one of the meaning-formative components of the Ossetian author’s tale explaining certain exterior and behavioural characteristics of animals, birds, insects and causes of natural phenomena. It is shown that such literary works are even more disengaged from mythic time than folk tales, writers use aetiology exclusively for the didactic purpose. Relevance of the paper is conditioned by the lack of studies on history and problems of the Ossetian children’s literature.
VERSE AND DRAMATURGIC ELEMENT IN I. M. GOGOLEV’S DRAMA “THE SACRED LAND”
Authors: Kirillina Mariya Afanas'evna
Published: December 2019

Within the framework of the “poet’s drama” problem, the paper identifies the peculiarities of verse and dramaturgic elements in I. M. Gogolev’s drama “The Sacred Land”. Conditionally poetic interpretation of a historical subject determines style and genre peculiarities of the text, which combines the elements of different styles and genres. I. M. Gogolev’s drama “The Sacred Land” is considered as a marginal text combining verse and dramaturgic elements and representing the romantic conception of the poet’s world perception and formal features of a verse. The text analysis indicates the dominance of the lyrical element: figurativeness and metaphoricity of the style, conditionality and generality of images and, as a result, the slow story development, personages’ statuary essence and inner statics.
EASTERN TRADITIONS IN V. AKHUN’S LYRICS
Authors: Sofronova Irina Vladimirovna
Published: December 2019

The article analyses the influence of the Eastern and Chuvash literary traditions on V. Akhun’s creative work. The research material includes his lyrical and lyro-epical works. Many poems creatively reproduce genres and motives of the Chuvash folklore. It is shown that the poet uses first-person narration, his lyrical hero applies to the ancient Chuvash gods, retells the events of national history in the present. The poems are filled with mythological images: wolf-totem, gods Pikhampar, Ashapatman, etc. Traditions of the Eastern literature in V. Akhun’s creative work manifest themselves through the use of genres, images and motives of the Chuvash folklore, which are actually all-Turkic.
“THE DISTANT LOVER” BY CHRISTOPH HEIN AND “THE STRANGER” BY ALBERT CAMUS: SPECIFICITY OF REPRESENTING EXISTENTIAL CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors: Valeeva Al'fiya Revanerovna , Gil'fanova Gul'nara Tavkil'evna , Nikulina Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to analysing the key existentialistic novels in the German and French literature. The novels “The Distant Lover” by Christoph Hein and “The Stranger” by Albert Camus are compared in order to reveal the specificity of representing existential consciousness. The paper examines the main characters’ images; analyses the motive structure, genre features and narrative technique. The researchers identify the similarity of existential motives (the motive of death, stranger, etc.), genre and stylistic features and the differences of the writers’ artistic worldviews regarding such issues as interpretation of death, absurdity of human existence, the problem of estrangement.
POPULAR NOVEL IN COLUMBIA AND MEXICO: INTERPRETATION OF STORYLINE MOTIVES
Authors: Sogomonyan Mariam Keropovna , Korotkova Lyudmila Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2019

The article analyses the peculiarities of the Latin American popular novel of the XIX century. This genre appeared as a result of national interpretation of the European literary trends of different epochs. A sequential analysis is conducted by the example of the Colombian sentimental novel “Maria” by Jorge Isaacs and the Mexican adventurous political novel “The Bandits from Río Frío” by Manuel Payno y Flores. The researchers identify the storyline motives, literary allusions, clichés and topoi of the European novel, which acquired an original interpretation in the mentioned works. The findings justify the relevance of the Latin American prose against the background of growing interest for popular literature.
PHILOSOPHICAL TERM “IMAGINATION” IN LINGUO-COGNITIVE AND LINGUISTIC ASPECTS
Authors: Golaidenko Larisa Nikolaevna , Rakhimova Alina Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2019

The article provides an analytical description of the widely used in philosophical science term “imagination”, which for the first time is examined from the linguo-cognitive and linguistic viewpoints. The paper compares the most frequent philosophical definitions of imagination with a view to systemize the key cognitive components of this concept, to identify the interpretations inadequate in the meaningful and verbal aspects and to correct them. Relying on the findings, the authors offer their own definition of the term “imagination”, which can be used in lexicographical practice.
FOCALIZATION IN V. PELEVIN’S PROSE (BY THE MATERIAL OF THE NOVELS “BUDDHA’S LITTLE FINGER”, “HOMO ZAPIENS” AND “THE HELMET OF HORROR”)
Authors: Kuryaev Il'gam Ryasimovich
Published: December 2019

The article aims to analyse narrative techniques in V. Pelevin’s novels “Buddha’s Little Finger”, “Homo Zapiens” and “The Helmet of Horror”. It is shown that in each novel, the writer creates special narrative schemes based on different text arrangement techniques according to the focalization principle. It promotes the development of complicated ideological conceptions. The protagonist comes out as a cause and means of existence of the diegetic world/environment, and the environment creates opportunities for the protagonist’s narrative move. The reader’s role in text development increases.
LEXICO-SEMANTIC GROUPS OF VERBAL UNITS OF SUBLANGUAGE OF MEDICINE AS A FRAGMENT OF SECTORAL VOCABULARY
Authors: Kazarina Svetlana Georgievna , Gulyaeva Tat'yana Yur'evna , Baek Kyung Hee
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to identifying the semantic specificity of the verbal vocabulary of the professional language functioning in the spheres of education, practical activity and medical science. The authors examine the semantics of verbs - medical terms, offer their lexico-semantic classification taking into account substantive and non-substantive semes. Quantitative data on the composition of the lexico-semantic groups of special verbal units are provided. The seme structure of the lexico-semantic groups of verbal terms is described; the most frequent semes are identified.
THE UNIVERSAL AND THE INDIVIDUAL IN LINGUISTIC REPRESENTATION OF THE POPLAR IMAGE IN THE RUSSIAN POETRY OF THE XIX-XX CENTURIES AND IN A. P. CHEKHOV’S STORY “THE STEPPE”
Authors: Sokolova Marina Gennad'evna
Published: December 2019

The article for the first time compares linguistic representations of the poplar image in the Russian poetry of the XIX-XX centuries and in A. P. Chekhov’s story “The Steppe”. The analysis has allowed identifying the range of comparative tropes of the subject area “Human”. The universal semantic features actualized by the appropriate tropes “sound”, “behaviour”, “state”, “age”, “form”, “feature” are identified. It is shown that the semantic features “slim”, “lonely”, “to see” and the principle of folk-song parallelism refer to the category “universal” in the linguistic representation of the poplar image in the Russian poetry of the XIX-XX centuries and in A. P. Chekhov’s story “The Steppe”. The category “individual” manifests itself in the specificity of realization of these semantic features in poetical and prosaic contexts.
THE FOREST YUKAGHIRS’ ETHNIC SELF-IDENTIFICATION IN LANGUAGE AND FOLKLORE
Authors: Prokop'eva Praskov'ya Egorovna
Published: December 2019

The article considers the problem of the forest Yukaghirs’ ethnic self-identification in language and folklore. This problem is closely associated with such issues as the people’s origin, history, life activity, traditional worldview. It is shown that the forest Yukaghirs’ ethnonyms contain the notions “human”, “people”, “nation”, “clan”, represent different types of identity: territorial, kinship, totemic, cultural ones. In the forest Yukaghirs’ folklore, ethnic self-identification manifests itself in the context of the ancestors’ time, through references to the bygone epoch of prosperity, legendary chieftains and elders, clans. In this context, a human is considered as a biological individual.
ON THE ORIGIN OF CERTAIN DIALECTICISMS OF THE KOMI-PERMYAK LANGUAGE
Authors: Fedoseeva Elena Nikolaevna
Published: December 2019

The lexicon of the Komi-Permyak language contains the lexemes, which have a narrow scope of distribution and function only in dialects. The article is devoted to analysing the words identified by the author during field expeditions. The paper aims to reveal the origin of these linguistic phenomena. Linguistic areals, etymological relations, phonetic and semantic peculiarities of certain lexemes are considered. The findings indicate that these words are mostly of native origin.
WRITTEN SOURCES OF THE ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD
Authors: Gogenko Viktoriya Vladimirovna
Published: December 2019

The article considers literary sources of early medieval England. The Anglo-Saxon period is considered as the most important one in the British history, and the author seeks to examine a wide range of the Anglo-Saxon literary sources written in Old English. The comparative analysis allows identifying the value of the sources under study from historical, culturological, literary and linguistic viewpoints.
THEME OF RETRIBUTION FOR PRIDE IN L. N. TOLSTOY’S ARTISTIC INTERPRETATION
Authors: Sizova Irina Igorevna
Published: December 2019

For the first time, the article examines L. N. Tolstoy’s artistic interpretation of the theme of retribution for pride. The study is based on the biographical material, rough copies of  (1879-1880, 1886). Relying on the works of P. M. Stroev, A. N. Pypin, A. N. Afanasyev, M. F. Shugurov, A. N. Veselovsky, the author systematizes the existing publications on this issue and printed versions of the Legend about Tsar Haggai. The paper introduces previously unknown sources into scientific use: The Story of the Proud Tsar Evinian, the Ukrainian tale “Proud Tsar”, “Christmas Drama” of Saint Dimitry of Rostov, drama “Saint Alexius”. Textological reconstruction of literary genesis of Tolstoy’s first folk drama has allowed the researcher to describe the writer’s creative method, to analyse poetical peculiarities of the work and to explain why Tolstoy’s first two works of the folk drama genre remained unfinished.