bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstracts of the 41th Symposium on Cuniculture, ASESCU Hondarribia, Spain, 12th-13th May, 2016
Authors: Conferences, Congresses, Symposiums... Abstracts,
Published: September 2016

The 41st Congress of the Spanish Association of Cuniculture (ASESCU) was held in Hondarribia (Guipúzcoa province) from 12th to 13th May 2016. This edition coincided with the 40th anniversary of ASESCU, which was founded in 1976. The main papers focussed on analysing the changes in rabbit feeding in the last decades and future prospects, on preparing the future reproductive rabbit, on Spanish consumer segmentation and characterization of rabbit meat consumption, and on the role of the Rabbit Meat Marketing Board (INTERCUN) in promoting consumption of rabbit meat in Spain. A specific session was devoted to explain the objectives and progress of the research projects supported by the partnership between the Spanish Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA) and INTERCUN. In addition, a round table was held on the present and future prospects of the rabbit farming in Spain. Moreover, a total of 24 communications were presented both in working sessions with oral communications and posters (nutrition, carcass and meat quality, pathology, ethology and welfare, and management and genetics). The meeting was attended by more than 185 participants, including researchers from Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, Brazil, Egypt, and Puerto Rico among other countries. Abstracts of the contributions presented are reported below.
Future Arctic ozone recovery: the importance of chemistry and dynamics
Authors: Bednarz Ewa M. , Maycock Amanda C. , Abraham N. Luke , Braesicke Peter , Dessens Olivier , Pyle John A.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Future trends in Arctic springtime total column ozone, and its chemical and dynamical drivers, are assessed using a seven-member ensemble from the Met Office Unified Model with United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosols (UM-UKCA) simulating the period 1960–2100. The Arctic mean March total column ozone increases throughout the 21st century at a rate of  ∼  11.5 DU decade−1, and is projected to return to the 1980 level in the late 2030s. However, the integrations show that even past 2060 springtime Arctic ozone can episodically drop by  ∼  50–100 DU below the corresponding long-term ensemble mean for that period, reaching values characteristic of the near-present-day average level. Consistent with the global decline in inorganic chlorine (Cly) over the century, the estimated mean halogen-induced chemical ozone loss in the Arctic lower atmosphere in spring decreases by around a factor of 2 between the periods 2001–2020 and 2061–2080. However, in the presence of a cold and strong polar vortex, elevated halogen-induced ozone losses well above the corresponding long-term mean continue to occur in the simulations into the second part of the century. The ensemble shows a significant cooling trend in the Arctic winter mid- and upper stratosphere, but there is less confidence in the projected temperature trends in the lower stratosphere (100–50 hPa). This is partly due to an increase in downwelling over the Arctic polar cap in winter, which increases transport of ozone into the polar region as well as drives adiabatic warming that partly offsets the radiatively driven stratospheric cooling. However, individual winters characterised by significantly suppressed downwelling, reduced transport and anomalously low temperatures continue to occur in the future. We conclude that, despite the projected long-term recovery of Arctic ozone, the large interannual dynamical variability is expected to continue in the future, thereby facilitating episodic reductions in springtime ozone columns. Whilst our results suggest that the relative role of dynamical processes for determining Arctic springtime ozone will increase in the future, halogen chemistry will remain a smaller but non-negligible contributor for many decades to come.
Aerosol optical, microphysical and radiative properties at regional
background insular sites in the western Mediterranean
Authors: Sicard Michaël , Barragan Rubén , Dulac François , Alados-Arboledas Lucas , Mallet Marc
Published: September 2016

Abstract. In the framework of the ChArMEx (the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment; http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr/) program, the seasonal variability of the aerosol optical, microphysical and radiative properties derived from AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network; http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/) is examined in two regional background insular sites in the western Mediterranean Basin: Ersa (Corsica Island, France) and Palma de Mallorca (Mallorca Island, Spain). A third site, Alborán (Alborán Island, Spain), with only a few months of data is considered for examining possible northeast–southwest (NE–SW) gradients of the aforementioned aerosol properties. The AERONET dataset is exclusively composed of level 2.0 inversion products available during the 5-year period 2011–2015. AERONET solar radiative fluxes are compared with ground- and satellite-based flux measurements. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that AERONET fluxes are compared with measurements at the top of the atmosphere. Strong events (with an aerosol optical depth at 440 nm greater than 0.4) of long-range transport aerosols, one of the main drivers of the observed annual cycles and NE–SW gradients, are (1) mineral dust outbreaks predominant in spring and summer in the north and in summer in the south and (2) European pollution episodes predominant in autumn. A NE–SW gradient exists in the western Mediterranean Basin for the aerosol optical depth and especially its coarse-mode fraction, which all together produces a similar gradient for the aerosol direct radiative forcing. The aerosol fine mode is rather homogeneously distributed. Absorption properties are quite variable because of the many and different sources of anthropogenic particles in and around the western Mediterranean Basin: North African and European urban areas, the Iberian and Italian peninsulas, most forest fires and ship emissions. As a result, the aerosol direct forcing efficiency, more dependent to absorption than the absolute forcing, has no marked gradient.
Background aerosol over the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau: observed characteristics of aerosol mass loading
Authors: Liu Bin , Cong Zhiyuan , Wang Yuesi , Xin Jinyuan , Wan Xin , Pan Yuepeng , Liu Zirui , Wang Yonghong , Zhang Guoshuai , Wang Zhongyan , Wang Yongjie , Kang Shichang
Published: September 2016

Abstract. To investigate the atmospheric aerosols of the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau (HTP), an observation network was established within the region’s various ecosystems, including at the Ngari, Qomolangma (QOMS), Nam Co, and Southeastern Tibetan (SET) stations. In this paper we illustrate aerosol mass loadings by integrating in situ measurements with satellite and ground-based remote sensing datasets for the 2011–2013 period, on both local and large scales. Mass concentrations of these surface atmospheric aerosols were relatively low and varied with land cover, showing a general tendency of Ngari and QOMS (barren sites) > Nam Co (grassland site) > SET (forest site). Daily averages of online PM2.5 (particulates with aerodynamic diameters below 2.5 μm) at these sites were sequentially 18.2 ± 8.9, 14.5 ± 7.4, 11.9 ± 4.9 and 11.7 ± 4.7 μg m−3. Correspondingly, the ratios of PM2.5 to total suspended particles (TSP) were 27.4 ± 6.65 %, 22.3 ± 10.9 %, 37.3 ± 11.1 % and 54.4 ± 6.72 %. Bimodal mass distributions of size-segregated particles were found at all sites, with a relatively small peak in accumulation mode and a more notable peak in coarse mode. Diurnal variations in fine aerosol masses generally displayed a bi-peak pattern at the QOMS, Nam Co and SET stations and a single-peak pattern at the Ngari station, controlled by the effects of local geomorphology, mountain-valley breeze circulation and aerosol emissions. Mineral content in PM2.1 samples gave fractions of 26 % at the Ngari station and 29 % at the QOMS station, or ~ 2–3 times that of reported results at human-influenced sites. Furthermore, observed evidence confirmed the existence of the aerodynamic conditions necessary for the uplift of fine particles from a barren land surface. Combining surface aerosol data and atmospheric-column aerosol optical properties, the TSP mass and aerosol optical depth (AOD) of the Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) generally decreased as land cover changed from barren to forest, in inverse relation to the PM2.5 ratios. The seasonality of aerosol mass parameters was land-cover dependent. Over forest and grassland areas, TSP mass, PM2.5 mass, MISR-AOD and fine-mode AOD were higher in spring and summer, followed by relatively lower values in autumn and winter. At the barren site (the QOMS station), there were inconsistent seasonal variations between surface TSP mass (PM2.5 mass) and atmospheric column AOD (fine-mode AOD). Our findings implicate that, HTP aerosol masses (especially their regional characteristics and fine particle emissions) need to be treated sensitively in relation to any assessments of their climatic effect and potential role as cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei.
Effects of Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen Process on Global Black
Carbon Distribution
Authors: Qi Ling , Li Qinbin , He Cenlin , Wang Xin , Huang Jianping
Published: September 2016

Abstract. We systematically investigate the effects of Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen (WBF) on BC scavenging efficiency, surface BCair, deposition flux, concentration in snow (BCsnow, ng g−1), and washout ratio using a global 3D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). We differentiate riming- versus WBF-dominated in-cloud scavenging based on liquid water content (LWC) and temperature. Specifically, we relate WBF to either temperature or ice mass fraction (IMF) in mixed-phase clouds. We find that at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland and Abisko, Sweden, where WBF dominates, the discrepancies of simulated BC scavenging efficiency and washout ratio are significantly reduced (from a factor of 3 to 10 % and from a factor of 4–5 to a factor of two). However, at Zeppelin, Norway, where riming dominates, simulation of BC scavenging efficiency, BCair, and washout ratio become worse (relative to observations) when WBF is included. There is thus an urgent need for extensive observations to distinguish and characterize riming- versus WBF-dominated aerosol scavenging in mixed-phase clouds and the associated BC scavenging efficiency. We find the reduction resulting from WBF to global BC scavenging efficiency varies substantially, from 8 % in the tropics to 76 % in the Arctic. The resulting annual mean BCair increases by up to 156 % at high altitudes and at northern high latitudes because of lower temperature and higher IMF. Overall, WBF halves the model-observation discrepancy (from −65 % to −30 %) of BCair across North America, Europe, China and the Arctic. Globally WBF increases BC burden from 0.22 to 0.29–0.35 mg m−2 yr−1, which partially explains the gap between observed and previous model simulated BC burdens over land. In addition, WBF significantly increases BC lifetime from 5.7 days to ~8 days. Additionally, WBF results in a significant redistribution of BC deposition in source and remote regions. Specifically, it lowers BC wet deposition (by 37–63 % at northern mid-latitudes and by 21–29 % in the Arctic) while increases dry deposition (by 3–16 % at mid-latitudes and by 81–159 % in the Arctic). The resulting total BC deposition is lower at mid-latitudes (by 12–34 %) but higher in the Arctic (by 2–29 %). We find that WBF decreases BCsnow at mid-latitudes (by ~15 %) but increases it in the Arctic (by 26 %) while improving model comparisons with observations. In addition, WBF dramatically reduces the model-observation discrepancy of washout ratios in winter (from a factor of 16 to 4). The remaining discrepancies in BCair, BCsnow and BC washout ratios suggest that in-cloud removal in mixed-phased clouds is likely still excessive over land.
AIRUSE-LIFE +: Estimation of natural source contributions to urban
ambient air PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in Southern Europe.
Implications to compliance with limit values
Authors: Diapouli Evangelia , Manousakas Manousos I. , Vratolis Stergios , Vasilatou Vasiliki , Pateraki Stella , Bairachtari Kyriaki A. , Querol Xavier , Amato Fulvio , Alastuey Andrés , Karanasiou Angeliki A. , Lucarelli Franco , Nava Silvia , Calzolai Giulia , Gianelle Vorne L. , Colombi Cristina , Alves Célia , Custódio Danilo , Pio Casimiro , Spyrou Chris , Kallos George B. , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Natural sources' contribution to ambient air particulate matter (PM) concentrations is often not considered; however, it may be significant for certain areas and during specific periods of the year. In the framework of the AIRUSE-LIFE+ project, state-of-the-art methods have been employed for assessing the contribution of major natural sources (African dust, sea salt and forest fires) to PM concentrations, in Southern European urban areas. 24 h measurements of PM10 and PM2.5 mass and chemical composition were performed over the course of a year in five cities: Porto, Barcelona, Milan, Florence and Athens. Net African dust and sea salt concentrations were calculated based on the methodologies proposed by EC (SEC 2011/208). The contribution of uncontrolled forest fires was calculated through receptor modelling. Sensitivity analysis with respect to the calculation of African dust was also performed, in order to identify major parameters affecting the estimated net dust concentrations. African dust contribution to PM concentrations was more pronounced in Eastern Mediterranean, with the mean annual relative contribution to PM10 decreasing from 21 % in Athens, to 5 % in Florence, and around 2 % in Milan, Barcelona and Porto. The respective contribution to PM2.5 was calculated equal to 14 % in Athens and from 1.3 to 2.4 % in all other cities. High seasonal variability of contributions was observed, with dust transport events occurring at different periods in the Western and Eastern Mediterranean basin. Sea salt was mostly related to the coarse mode and also exhibited significant seasonal variability. Sea salt concentrations were highest in Porto, with average relative contributions equal to 12.3 % for PM10. Contributions from uncontrolled forest fires were quantified only for Porto and were low on an annual basis (1.4 % and 1.9 % to PM10 and PM2.5, respectively); nevertheless, contributions were greatly increased during events, reaching 20 and 22 % of 24 h PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations, respectively.
Impact of a new emission inventory on CAM5 simulations of aerosols
and aerosol radiative effects in eastern China
Authors: Fan Tianyi , Liu Xiaohong , Ma Po-Lun , Zhang Qiang , Li Zhanqing , Jiang Yiquan , Zhang Fang , Zhao Chuanfeng , Yang Xin
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Emissions of aerosols and gas precursors in China have increased significantly over the past three decades with the rapid economic growth. These increases might have a large climate effect. However, global aerosol-climate models often show large biases in aerosol distribution and radiative forcing in China, and these biases are often attributed to uncertainties and biases associated with the emission inventory used to drive the models. In this study, an energy-statics and technology-based emission inventory, Multi-scale Emission Inventory for China (MEIC), was compiled and used to drive the Community Atmosphere Model Version 5 (CAM5) to evaluate aerosol distribution and radiative effects in China against observations, compared with the model simulations with the widely-used IPCC AR5 emission inventory. We found that the new MEIC emission improves the annual mean AOD simulations in eastern China by 12.9 % compared with MODIS observations and 14.7 % compared with MISR observations, and explains 22 %–28 % of the AOD low bias simulated with the AR5 emission. Seasonal variation of the MEIC emission leads to a better agreement with the observed surface concentrations of primary aerosols (i.e., primary organic carbon and black carbon) than the AR5 emission, while the seasonal variation of secondary aerosols (i.e., sulfate and secondary organic aerosol) depends less on the emission. The new emission inventory estimates the annual averaged aerosol direct radiative effect at TOA, surface, and atmosphere to be −0.50, −12.76, and 12.26 W m−2 respectively over eastern China, which are enhanced by −0.19, −2.42, and 2.23 W m−2 compared with the AR5 emission. Due to higher winter BC emission in MEIC, the atmospheric warming effect and the surface cooling of BC are twice as much as those using the AR5 emission. This study highlights the importance of improving the aerosol and gas precursor emissions in modeling the atmospheric aerosols and their radiative effects.
Evaluation of column-averaged methane in models and TCCON with a focus on
the stratosphere
Authors: Ostler Andreas , Sussmann Ralf , Patra Prabir K. , Houweling Sander , De Bruine Marko , Stiller Gabriele P. , Haenel Florian J. , Plieninger Johannes , Bousquet Philippe , Yin Yi , Saunois Marielle , Walker Kaley A. , Deutscher Nicholas M. , Griffith David W. T. , Blumenstock Thomas , Hase Frank , Warneke Thorsten , Wang Zhiting , Kivi Rigel , Robinson John
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The distribution of methane (CH4) in the stratosphere can be a major driver of spatial variability in the dry-air column-averaged CH4 mixing ratio (XCH4), which is being measured increasingly for the assessment of CH4 surface emissions. Chemistry-transport models (CTMs) therefore need to simulate the tropospheric and stratospheric fractional columns of XCH4 accurately for estimating surface emissions from XCH4. Simulations from three CTMs are tested against XCH4 observations from the Total Carbon Column Network (TCCON). We analyze how the model–TCCON agreement in XCH4 depends on the model representation of stratospheric CH4 distributions. Model equivalents of TCCON XCH4 are computed with stratospheric CH4 fields from both the model simulations and from satellite-based CH4 distributions from MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) and MIPAS CH4 fields adjusted to ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer) observations. Using MIPAS-based stratospheric CH4 fields in place of model simulations improves the model–TCCON XCH4 agreement for all models. For the Atmospheric Chemistry Transport Model (ACTM) the average XCH4 bias is significantly reduced from 38.1 to 13.7 ppb, whereas small improvements are found for the models TM5 (Transport Model, version 5; from 8.7 to 4.3 ppb) and LMDz (Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique model with zooming capability; from 6.8 to 4.3 ppb). Replacing model simulations with MIPAS stratospheric CH4 fields adjusted to ACE-FTS reduces the average XCH4 bias for ACTM (3.3 ppb), but increases the average XCH4 bias for TM5 (10.8 ppb) and LMDz (20.0 ppb). These findings imply that model errors in simulating stratospheric CH4 contribute to model biases. Current satellite instruments cannot definitively measure stratospheric CH4 to sufficient accuracy to eliminate these biases. Applying transport diagnostics to the models indicates that model-to-model differences in the simulation of stratospheric transport, notably the age of stratospheric air, can largely explain the inter-model spread in stratospheric CH4 and, hence, its contribution to XCH4. Therefore, it would be worthwhile to analyze how individual model components (e.g., physical parameterization, meteorological data sets, model horizontal/vertical resolution) impact the simulation of stratospheric CH4 and XCH4.
Concept and design of a UAS-based platform for measurements of RF signal-in-space
Authors: Schrader Thorsten , Bredemeyer Jochen , Mihalachi Marius , Rohde Jan , Kleine-Ostmann Thomas
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Field strength or signal-in-space (SIS) measurements have been performed by using manned helicopters, aircrafts or from ground level using extendable masts. With the availability of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) such as multicopters a new versatile platform for SIS measurements is deployable. Larger types show up to eight individually driven electric motors and controllers (therefore called octocopter). They provide the ability to fly along predefined traces, to hover at waypoints and to initiate other actions when those have been reached. They provide self-levelling and stabilisation and moreover, they may gear at a point of interest regardless of their actual position, e.g. during their flight around a tower. Their payload mainly depends on the platform size and allows integration of complex measurement equipment. Upgrading their navigation capabilities including state-of-the-art global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and ground station transmitter (real-time kinematic – RTK) enables precise localisation of the UAS. For operation in electromagnetic harsh environments a shielding can be considered and integrated into the concept. This paper describes concept and design of an octocopter and its instrumentation, along with applications in recent projects, in which we measure and validate terrestrial navigation systems applied in air traffic and the weather forecast services. Among those are instrumentation landing systems (ILS), VHF omnidirectional radio ranges (VOR), airport traffic and weather radars as well as military surveillance radars, and UHF wind profilers. Especially to investigate the possible interaction of VORs and radars with single wind turbines (WT) or wind power plants has become a major request of economy, military and politics. Here, UAS can be deployed to deliver measurement data investigating this interaction. Once developed and setup to a certain extent, UAS are easy and cost-efficient to operate. Nonetheless, due to their compact size, UAS will have rather low interaction with the electromagnetic field to be measured compared to the operation of manned helicopters.
Numerical computation of lightning transfer functions for layered,
anisotropically conducting shielding structures by the method of moments
Authors: Happ Fabian , Brüns Heinz-D. , Mavraj Gazmend , Gronwald Frank
Published: September 2016

Abstract. A formalism for the computation of lightning transfer functions by the method of moments, which involves shielding structures that may consist of layered, anisotropically conducting composite materials, is presented in this contribution. The composite materials, being of a type that is widely used in space- and aircraft design, are electrically characterized by an equivalent conductivity. As basis for the quantitative analysis the method of moments is used where shielding surfaces can be treated by a thin layer technique which utilizes analytical solutions inside the layer. Also the effect of an extended lightning channel can be taken into account. The method is applied to geometries that resemble an actual airplane fuselage.
A near-field measurement based method for predicting field emissions below 30 MHz in a CISPR-25 test set-up
Authors: Chen Zongyi , Frei Stephan
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Automotive electric components are required to pass radiated emission tests. According to CISPR-25 standard (ALSE method), an expensive anechoic chamber is needed for conducting the field emission testing. Reproducibility due to high sensitivity to chamber and setup details is poor. Alternative methods, which perform measurements without using a chamber are preferred. This paper provides an alternative pre-compliance method for predicting the fields of CISPR-25 results for frequencies below 30 MHz, based mainly on electric near-field measurements. The motivation is that common-mode current measurements or magnetic near-field measurement based methods give good field prediction above 30 MHz, but fail below 30 MHz. The proposed method applies Huygens' Principle for field prediction. The electric field distribution for the defined Huygens' surface and the equivalent currents are estimated from a small number of field measurements close to the ground plane. It is shown that the electric field can be well predicted, compared with a full-wave simulation the deviation is within 4 dB, compared with a standard antenna measurement up to 3 MHz the deviation is less than 1 dB.
Extended Kalman Doppler tracking and model determination for multi-sensor short-range radar
Authors: Mittermaier Thomas J. , Siart Uwe , Eibert Thomas F. , Bonerz Stefan
Published: September 2016

Abstract. A tracking solution for collision avoidance in industrial machine tools based on short-range millimeter-wave radar Doppler observations is presented. At the core of the tracking algorithm there is an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) that provides dynamic estimation and localization in real-time. The underlying sensor platform consists of several homodyne continuous wave (CW) radar modules. Based on In-phase-Quadrature (IQ) processing and down-conversion, they provide only Doppler shift information about the observed target. Localization with Doppler shift estimates is a nonlinear problem that needs to be linearized before the linear KF can be applied. The accuracy of state estimation depends highly on the introduced linearization errors, the initialization and the models that represent the true physics as well as the stochastic properties. The important issue of filter consistency is addressed and an initialization procedure based on data fitting and maximum likelihood estimation is suggested. Models for both, measurement and process noise are developed. Tracking results from typical three-dimensional courses of movement at short distances in front of a multi-sensor radar platform are presented.
Predictive performance estimation for a dual-battery system in mild-hybrid vehicles
Authors: Renner Daniel , Jansen Patrick , Vergossen David , John Werner , Frei Stephan
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Continuously increasing requirements for on-board system performances lead to new topologies for the energy distribution in vehicles. One promising concept is the usage of a dual-battery system instead of the conventional lead-acid “starting lightening ignition” battery. As this system is not able to control the current share between the two batteries, its performance depends on the actual battery specific operating points.The initial conditions of state of charge, voltage level and temperature influence the current share and lead to a different voltage drop of the system. This paper yields to, the basic understanding of the current share between the two batteries. The conventional performance estimation method for standalone lead-acid batteries can no longer be applied to this system. Therefore, a new algorithm for the voltage drop calculation of the dual-battery system is proposed. Measurements at different temperatures, states of charge and voltage levels show the system behavior and prove the functionality of the algorithm.
The physical meaning of transmission-line parameters in a full-wave theory
Authors: Rambousky Ronald , Nitsch Jürgen , Tkachenko Sergey
Published: September 2016

Abstract. In the potential-current representation, transmission-line parameters in the Transmission-Line Super Theory (TLST) do not have a direct physical meaning – they are gauge dependent, i.e.: they are different in the Lorenz and Coulomb gauge. However, they retain traces of their classical origin: They are constituted of capacitances and inductances for forward and backward running waves along the lines. Therefore their corresponding matrices are not symmetrical as in the case of classical transmission-line theory. In the charge-current representation the parameter matrices have a physical meaning: their elements consist of damping functions due to the non-uniformities of the lines and of the propagation functions along the lines, incorporating conductor and radiation losses. The transmission line parameters also contribute to the total radiated power of the lines. The attempt to quantize radiation locally, fails because radiation describes a long-range (integral) interaction, and therefore affects all conductor parts of all lines. However, it can be stated that at stronger inhomogeneities the local contributions to radiation increase, and are particularly recognizable along the risers.
The Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database:
a long-term database for climate studies
Authors: Davis Sean M. , Rosenlof Karen H. , Hassler Birgit , Hurst Dale F. , Read William G. , Vömel Holger , Selkirk Henry , Fujiwara Masatomo , Damadeo Robert
Published: September 2016

Abstract. In this paper, we describe the construction of the Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database, which includes vertically resolved ozone and water vapor data from a subset of the limb profiling satellite instruments operating since the 1980s. The primary SWOOSH products are zonal-mean monthly-mean time series of water vapor and ozone mixing ratio on pressure levels (12 levels per decade from 316 to 1 hPa). The SWOOSH pressure level products are provided on several independent zonal-mean grids (2.5, 5, and 10°), and additional products include two coarse 3-D griddings (30° long  ×  10° lat, 20°  ×  5°) as well as a zonal-mean isentropic product. SWOOSH includes both individual satellite source data as well as a merged data product. A key aspect of the merged product is that the source records are homogenized to account for inter-satellite biases and to minimize artificial jumps in the record. We describe the SWOOSH homogenization process, which involves adjusting the satellite data records to a “reference” satellite using coincident observations during time periods of instrument overlap. The reference satellite is chosen based on the best agreement with independent balloon-based sounding measurements, with the goal of producing a long-term data record that is both homogeneous (i.e., with minimal artificial jumps in time) and accurate (i.e., unbiased). This paper details the choice of reference measurements, homogenization, and gridding process involved in the construction of the combined SWOOSH product and also presents the ancillary information stored in SWOOSH that can be used in future studies of water vapor and ozone variability. Furthermore, a discussion of uncertainties in the combined SWOOSH record is presented, and examples of the SWOOSH record are provided to illustrate its use for studies of ozone and water vapor variability on interannual to decadal timescales. The version 2.5 SWOOSH data are publicly available at doi:10.7289/V5TD9VBX.
Geological Stratigraphy and Spatial Distribution of Microfractures over Costa Rica Convergent Margin, Central America – A Wavelet-Fractal Analysis
Authors: Singh Upendra K. , Kumar Thinesh , Prajapati Rahul
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Identification of spatial variation of lithology, as a function of position and scale, is very critical job for lithology modelling in industry. Wavelet Transform (WT) is an efficacious and powerful mathematical tool for time (position) and frequency (scale) localization. It has numerous advantages over Fourier Transform (FT) to obtain frequency and time information of a signal. Initially Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) is applied on gamma ray logs of two different Well sites (Well-1039 & Well-1043) of Costa Rica Convergent Margin, Central America for identifications of lithofacies distribution and fracture zone later Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) applied to DPHI log signals to show its efficiency in discriminating small changes along the rock matrix irrespective of the instantaneous magnitude to represent the fracture contribution from the total porosity recorded. Further the data of the appropriate depths partitioned using above mathematical tools are utilized separately for WBFA. As consequences of CWT operation it is found that there are four major sedimentary layers terminated with a concordant igneous intrusion passing through both the wells. In addition of WBFA analysis, it is clearly understanding that the fractal dimension value is persistent in first sedimentary layers and the last gabbroic sill intrusions. Inconsistent value of fractal dimension is attributed to fracture dominant in intermediate sedimentary layers it is also validate through core analysis. Fractal Dimension values suggest that the sedimentary environments persisting in that well locations bears abundant shale content and of low energy environments.
A vertical representation of soil carbon in the JULES land surface scheme with a focus on permafrost regions
Authors: Burke Eleanor J. , Chadburn Sarah E. , Ekici Altug
Published: September 2016

Abstract. An improved representation of the carbon cycle in permafrost regions will enable more realistic projections of the future climate-carbon system. Currently JULES (the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator) – the land surface model of the UK Earth System Model (UKESM) – uses the standard 4-pool RothC soil carbon model. This paper describes a new version of JULES (vn4.3_permafrost) in which the soil vertical dimension is added to the soil carbon model, with a set of four pools in every soil layer. The respiration rate in each soil layer depends on the temperature and moisture conditions in that layer. Cryoturbation/bioturbation processes, which transfer soil carbon between layers, are represented by diffusive mixing. The litter inputs and the soil respiration are both parameterised to decrease with increasing depth. The model now includes a tracer so that selected soil carbon can be labelled and tracked through a simulation. Simulations show an improvement in the large-scale horizontal and vertical distribution of soil carbon over the standard version of JULES (vn4.3). Like the standard version of JULES, the vertically discretised model is still unable to simulate enough soil carbon in the tundra regions. This is in part because JULES underestimates the plant productivity over the tundra, but also because not all of the processes relevant for the accumulation of permafrost carbon are included in the model. In comparison with the standard model, the vertically discretised model shows a delay in the onset of soil respiration in the spring, resulting in an increased net uptake of carbon during this time. In order to provide a more suitable representation of permafrost carbon for quantifying the permafrost carbon feedback within UKESM, the deep soil carbon in the permafrost region (below 1 m) was initialised using the observed soil carbon. There is now a slight drift in the soil carbon (
Importance of three-dimensional grids and time-dependent factors for
applications of earthquake forecasting models to subduction environments
Authors: Chan Chung-Han
Published: September 2016

Abstract. This study provides some new insights into earthquake forecasting models that are applied to regions with subduction systems, including the depth component for forecasting grids and time-dependent factors. To demonstrate the importance of depth component, a forecasting approach, which incorporates three-dimensional grids, is compared with an approach with two-dimensional cells. Through application to the two subduction regions, Ryukyu and Kanto, it is shown that the approaches with three-dimensional grids always demonstrate a better forecasting ability. I thus confirm the importance of depth dependency for forecasting, especially for applications to a subduction environment or a region with non-vertical seismogenic structures. In addition, this study discusses the role of time-dependent factors for forecasting models and concludes that time dependency only becomes crucial during the period with significant seismicity rate change that follows a large earthquake.
Flood Impacts on Emergency Responders Operating at a City-Scale
Authors: Green Daniel , Yu Dapeng , Pattison Ian , Wilby Robert , Bosher Lee , Patel Ramila , Thompson Philip , Trowell Keith , Draycon Julia , Halse Martin , Yang Lili , Ryley Tim
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Emergency responders often have to operate and respond to emergency situations during dynamic weather conditions, including floods. This paper demonstrates a novel method using existing tools and datasets to evaluate emergency responder accessibility during flood events within the City of Leicester, UK. Accessibility was quantified using the 8- and 10-minute legislative targets for emergency provision for the Ambulance and Fire & Rescue services respectively under "normal", no flood conditions, as well as flood scenarios of various magnitudes (namely the 1 in 20 year-, 1 in 100-year and 1 in 1,000-year recurrence intervals), with both surface water and fluvial flood conditions considered. Flood restrictions were processed based on previous hydrodynamic inundation modelling undertaken and inputted into a Network Analysis framework as restrictions for surface water and fluvial flood events. Surface water flooding was shown to cause more disruption to emergency responders operating within the city due to its widespread and spatially distributed footprint when compared to fluvial flood events of comparable magnitude. Fire & Rescue 10-minute accessibility was shown to decrease from 100 %, 66.5 %, 39.8 % and 26.2 % under the no flood, 1 in 20-year, 1 in 100-year and 1 in 1,000-year surface water flood scenarios respectively. Furthermore, total inaccessibility was shown to increase with flood magnitude, increasing from 6.0 % to 31.0 % under the 1 in 20-year and 1 in 100-year surface water flooding scenarios respectively. Further, the evolution of emergency service accessibility through a surface water flood event is outlined, demonstrating the rapid onset of impacts on emergency service accessibility within the first 15-minutes of the surface water flood event, with a reduction in service coverage and overlap being witnessed for the Ambulance service under a 1 in 100-year flood event. The study provides evidence to guide strategic planning for decision makers prior to and during emergency response to flood events at the city-scale and provides a readily transferable method to explore the impacts of natural hazards or disruptions on additional cities or regions based on historic, scenario-based events or real-time forecasting if such data is available.
The EUMETSAT sea ice concentration climate data record
Authors: Tonboe Rasmus T. , Eastwood Steinar , Lavergne Thomas , Sørensen Atle M. , Rathmann Nicholas , Dybkjær Gorm , Pedersen Leif Toudal , Høyer Jacob L. , Kern Stefan
Published: September 2016

Abstract. An Arctic and Antarctic sea ice area and extent dataset has been generated by EUMETSAT's Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSISAF) using the record of microwave radiometer data from NASA's Nimbus 7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave radiometer (SMMR) and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager and Sounder (SSMIS) satellite sensors. The dataset covers the period from October 1978 to April 2015 and updates and further developments are planned for the next phase of the project. The methodology for computing the sea ice concentration uses (1) numerical weather prediction (NWP) data input to a radiative transfer model for reduction of the impact of weather conditions on the measured brightness temperatures; (2) dynamical algorithm tie points to mitigate trends in residual atmospheric, sea ice, and water emission characteristics and inter-sensor differences/biases; and (3) a hybrid sea ice concentration algorithm using the Bristol algorithm over ice and the Bootstrap algorithm in frequency mode over open water. A new sea ice concentration uncertainty algorithm has been developed to estimate the spatial and temporal variability in sea ice concentration retrieval accuracy. A comparison to US National Ice Center sea ice charts from the Arctic and the Antarctic shows that ice concentrations are higher in the ice charts than estimated from the radiometer data at intermediate sea ice concentrations between open water and 100 % ice. The sea ice concentration climate data record is available for download at www.osi-saf.org, including documentation.
Frontal destabilisation of Stonebreen, Edgeøya, Svalbard
Authors: Strozzi Tazio , Kääb Andreas , Schellenberger Thomas
Published: September 2016

Abstract. In consideration of the strong atmospheric warming that has been observed since the 1990s in polar regions there is a need to quantify ice mass loss of Arctic ice caps and glaciers and their contribution to sea level rise. In polar regions a large part of glacier ablation is through calving of tidewater glaciers driven by ice velocities and their variations. The Svalbard region is characterized by glaciers with rapid dynamic fluctuations of different types, including irreversible adjustments of calving fronts to a changing mass balance and reversible, surge-type activities. For large areas, however, we don't have much past and current information on glacier's dynamic fluctuations. Recently, through frequent monitoring based on repeat optical and SAR satellite data, a number of zones of speed increases have been observed at formerly slow-flowing calving fronts on Svalbard. Here we present the dynamic evolution of the southern lobe of Stonebreen on Edgeøya. We observe a slowly steady retreat of the glacier front from 1971 until 2011 followed since 2012 by a strong increase in ice surface velocity along with a decrease of volume and an advance in frontal extension. The considerable losses in ice thickness could have made the tide-water calving glacier, which is grounded below sea level some 6 km inland from the 2014 front, more sensitive to surface melt-water reaching its bed and/or warm ocean water increasing frontal ablation with subsequent strong multi-annual ice-flow acceleration.
Vol. 8 Issue 1
Authors: Editors PJEPHL
Published: September 2016

No Abstract
Marcas do inconsciente: grafite, psicanálise e possíveis interlocuções
Authors: Azambuja Taís , Perassi Richard
Published: September 2016

O conceito de cidade inteligente aborda questões socioambientais, culturais, econômicas, artísticas, tecnológicas, entre outras. A saber, a estratégia para o trabalho inovador que investe no capital intelectual é articulada aos processos criativos em geral e aos artísticos em particular, sendo isso fundamental na dinâmica da atualidade. Este ensaio busca elucidação do conhecimento, por meio de identificação e interpretação, dos elementos característicos de expressão local da arte grafite. Para tanto, será utilizada a teoria psicanalítica como fundamento epistêmico aplicável à produção do conhecimento em geral. Propõe-se a articulação entre o grafite e a psicanálise em extensão, ou seja, no mundo, na cultura.Palavras-chave: Cidade inteligente, grafite, psicanálise
Anjos e pernas: a “moça de circo” no imaginário artístico brasileiro
Authors: Rocha Gilmar
Published: September 2016

O circo e as artes circenses sempre despertaram a atenção dos habitantes das pequenas e das grandes cidades por onde passam. Os artistas não ficaram imunes a esse efeito persuasivo, ao menos é o que nos revela a heteróclita produção de representações no campo das letras, das artes visuais, da música etc. Esse pequeno ensaio - assim deve ser visto, pois constitui uma breve incursão ao imaginário artístico brasileiro -, apresenta as primeiras reflexões em torno da artista de circo, poeticamente batizada de “moça de circo”. Trata-se de uma análise simbólica inspirada na filosofia da tragédia, de Nietzsche.Palavras-chave: Circo, imaginário, “moça de circo”
Há algo de inautêntico em cada original: um brevíssimo estudo sobre a ilusão a partir do filme O Melhor Lance, de Giuseppe Tornatore
Authors: Almeida Rogério De , Beccari Marcos Namba
Published: September 2016

Com base no filme O Melhor Lance (LA MIGLIORE OFFERTA, 2013), de Giuseppe Tornatore, este artigo propõe uma reflexão acerca da ilusão do duplo expressa pela dicotomia original-cópia. Após uma breve introdução de como essa dicotomia tornou-se paradigmática no pensamento ocidental, recorremos à filosofia de Clément Rosset para problematizar o mote central do filme: “há sempre algo de autêntico em cada cópia”. Defendemos, por fim, que a ilusão consiste não apenas em transformar uma coisa em duas, mas também na indisposição do iludido em aprovar uma realidade impossível de ser duplicada.Palavras-chave: Original-cópia, ilusão, duplo
O audiovisual como dispositivo de pesquisas nos/com os cotidianos das escolas
Authors: Silva Soares Maria Da Conceição
Published: September 2016

Com este texto, discuto usos do audiovisual como dispositivo de pesquisa nas/com as redes educativas tecidas dentro/fora das escolas. Situo as práticas contemporâneas na contingência de culturas eminentemente audiovisuais, as quais nos convocam a pensar com imagens e sons. Trago experiências em escolas públicas, na cidade de Vitória e na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e sugiro que as produções lá realizadas se inserem no limiar das audiovisualidades, embaçando fronteiras entre códigos imagéticos, gêneros e produção-consumo e ampliando as possibilidades para a criação de conhecimentos.Palavras-chave: Audiovisual, redes educativas, invenção
Juventudes, estetização da escola e artealização do cotidiano: olhar e imagens na pesquisa em educação
Authors: Berino Aristóteles
Published: September 2016

O uso de imagens nas pesquisas em educação é cada vez mais frequente, constituindo um campo de debates e crescente produção acadêmica. O artigo dialoga com esse campo de investigações, apresentando uma discussão sobre juventudes e estetização da escola a partir de fotografias feitas pelo autor quando lecionava na rede pública municipal do Rio de Janeiro. O uso de imagens nas pesquisas propicia uma via para análise das realizações estéticas juvenis nas escolas, fonte importante para concepção da educação popular hoje no Brasil.     Palavras-chave: Juventudes, imagens, estetização da escola
“Young Soldiers, One Day We Will Change Taiwan”: Masculinity Politics in the Taiwan Rap Scene
Authors: Schweig Meredith
Published: September 2016

This article explores the gender practices of Taiwan’s male-dominated rap scene, with particular attention to the sonic, textual, and ritual reverberations of Confucian ideologies. In the context of shifting gender roles driven by dramatic sociopolitical and economic change over the course of the past two and a half decades, I argue that artists reimagine and refashion Confucian gender regimes and notions of intra-group hierarchy to create critical new spaces for male sociality, avenues for male self-empowerment, and opportunities for the articulation of masculine identities not otherwise audible in Taiwan’s popular music.
Worlding Music in Jogjakarta: Tales of the Global Postmodern
Authors: Lysloff René T. A.
Published: September 2016

Narratives of globalization are often about coping with inevitable and massive economic, technocultural, and societal change. Similarly, studies of music and globalization tend to be theoretically oriented and focus on large-scale transformation (media, industry, nation, etc.) rather than on local and individual innovation and ingenuity. This essay is a close to the ground ethnography of musicians (two, in particular) from the city of Jogjakarta1, Indonesia and how they participate in and contribute to the larger globalized network of composers, artists, activists, intellectuals, and contemporary music lovers. It interrogates the concept of “world” music as well as the relation between the “local” and the “global.”