bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Separation of the Linear and Nonlinear Covariates in the Sparse Semi-Parametric Regression Model in the Presence of Outliers
Authors: Amini Morteza , Roozbeh Mahdi , Mohamed Nur Anisah
Published: January 2024

Determining the predictor variables that have a non-linear effect as well as those that have a linear effect on the response variable is crucial in additive semi-parametric models. This issue has been extensively investigated by many researchers in the area of semi-parametric linear additive models, and various separation methods are proposed by the authors. A popular issue that might affect both estimation and separation results is the existence of outliers among the observations. In order to address this lack of sensitivity towards extreme observations, robust estimating approaches are frequently applied. We propose a robust method for simultaneously identifying the linear and nonlinear components of a semi-parametric linear additive model, even in the presence of outliers in the observations. Additionally, this model is sparse in that it may be used to determine which explanatory variables are ineffective by giving accurate zero estimates for their coefficients. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed method, a comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted along with an application to investigate the dataset, which includes Boston property prices dataset.
A Synergistic MOEA Algorithm with GANs for Complex Data Analysis
Authors: Qian Weihua , Xu Hang , Chen Houjin , Yang Lvqing , Lin Yuanguo , Xu Rui , Yang Mulan , Liao Minghong
Published: January 2024

The multi-objective evolutionary algorithm optimization (MOEA) is a challenging but critical approach for tackling complex data analysis problems. However, prevailing MOEAs often rely on single strategies to obtain optimal solutions, leading to concerns such as premature convergence and insufficient population diversity, particularly in high-dimensional data scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel adversarial population generation algorithm, APG-SMOEA, which synergistically combines the benefits of MOEAs and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to address these limitations. In order to balance the efficiency and quality of offspring selection, we introduce an adaptive population entropy strategy, which includes control parameters based on population entropy and a learning pool for storing and retrieving optimal solutions. Additionally, we attempt to alleviate the training complexity and model collapse problems common in GANs with APG-SMOEA. Experimental results on benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is superior to the existing algorithms in terms of solution quality and diversity of low-dimensional or high-dimensional complex data.
Noncommutativity in Configuration Space Induced by a Conjugate Magnetic Field in Phase Space
Authors: Govaerts Jan
Published: January 2024

An external magnetic field in configuration space coupled to quantum dynamics induces noncommutativity in its velocity momentum space. By phase space duality, an external vector potential in the conjugate momentum sector of the system induces noncommutativity in its configuration space. Such a rationale for noncommutativity is explored herein for an arbitrary configuration space of Euclidean geometry. Ordinary quantum mechanics with a commutative configuration space is revisited first. Through the introduction of an arbitrary positive definite ∗-product, a one-to-one correspondence between the Hilbert space of abstract quantum states and that of the enveloping algebra of the position quantum operators is identified. A parallel discussion is then presented when configuration space is noncommutative, and thoroughly analysed when the conjugate magnetic field is momentum independent and nondegenerate. Once again the space of quantum states may be identified with the enveloping algebra of the noncommutative position quantum operators. Furthermore, when the positive definite ∗-product is adapted to the conjugate magnetic field, the coordinate operators span a Fock algebra of which the coherent states are the analogues of the structureless points in a commutative configuration space. These results generalise and justify a posteriori within ordinary canonical quantisation the heuristic approach to quantum mechanics in the noncommutative Euclidean plane as constructed and developed by F. G. Scholtz and his collaborators.
Tilting Quivers for Hereditary Algebras
Authors: Li Shen
Published: January 2024

Let A be a finite dimensional hereditary algebra over an algebraically closed field k. In this paper, we study the tilting quiver of A from the viewpoint of τ-tilting theory. First, we prove that there exists an isomorphism between the support τ-tilting quiver Q(sτ-tilt A) of A and the tilting quiver Q(tilt A¯) of the duplicated algebra A¯. Then, we give a new method to calculate the number of arrows in the tilting quiver Q(tilt A) when A is representation-finite. Finally, we study the conjecture given by Happel and Unger, which claims that each connected component of Q(tilt A) contains only finitely many non-saturated vertices. We provide an example to show that this conjecture does not hold for some algebras whose quivers are wild with at least four vertices.
A Probability Proportional to Size Estimation of a Rare Sensitive Attribute Using a Partial Randomized Response Model with Poisson Distribution
Authors: Lee Gi-Sung , Hong Ki-Hak , Son Chang-Kyoon
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we suggest using a partial randomized response model using Poisson distribution to efficiently estimate a rare sensitive attribute by applying the probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling method when the population is composed of several different and sensitive clusters. We have obtained estimators for a rare and sensitive attribute and their variances and variance estimates by applying PPS sampling and two-stage equal probability sampling. We compare the efficiency between the estimators of the rare sensitive attribute, one obtained via PPS sampling with replacement and the other obtained using the two-stage equal probability sampling with replacement. As a result, it is confirmed that the estimate obtained via the PPS sampling with replacement is more efficient than the estimate provided by the two-stage equal probability sampling with replacement when the cluster sizes are different.
Research on Correlation Analysis for Multidimensional Time Series Based on the Evolution Synchronization of Network Topology
Authors: Cao Hongduo , Li Ying
Published: January 2024

We apply the inherent dynamic consistency of a dynamic system as the basis for correlation analysis among different variables in a system. We use network analysis to measure the correlativity of multiple variables, find the interdependence between multiple variables with nonlinear interactions, and study the complex relationship between the stock index and trading volume. We explore the change pattern of the number of edges in the networks derived from the correlation among different time series by gradually increasing the length of the time series. We found that the evolution trend of the corresponding network edges is the same or similar for multiple series with the same dynamic properties or mutual effects, which is called network topology evolution synchronization (NTES). The correlation among time series can be determined by investigating the existence of NTES. Using this method, we detected that both the stock price and trading volume are chaotic series and have complex correlations with varying randomness caused by different markets and series lengths.
Optimization of the “Perth CT” Protocol for Preoperative Planning and Postoperative Evaluation in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Stojadinović Milica , Mašulović Dragan , Kadija Marko , Milovanović Darko , Milić Nataša , Marković Ksenija , Ciraj-Bjelac Olivera
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has become the treatment of choice for advanced osteoarthritis. The aim of this paper was to show the possibilities of optimizing the Perth CT protocol, which is highly effective for preoperative planning and postoperative assessment of alignment. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study comprised 16 patients for preoperative planning or postoperative evaluation of TKA. All patients were examined with the standard and optimized Perth CT protocol using advance techniques, including automatic exposure control (AEC), iterative image reconstruction (IR), as well as a single-energy projection-based metal artifact reduction algorithm for eliminating prosthesis artifacts. The effective radiation dose (E) was determined based on the dose report. Imaging quality is determined according to subjective and objective (values of signal to noise ratio (SdNR) and figure of merit (FOM)) criteria. Results: The effective radiation dose with the optimized protocol was significantly lower compared to the standard protocol (p < 0.001), while in patients with the knee prosthesis, E increased significantly less with the optimized protocol compared to the standard protocol. No significant difference was observed in the subjective evaluation of image quality between protocols (p > 0.05). Analyzing the objective criteria for image quality optimized protocols resulted in lower SdNR values and higher FOM values. No significant difference of image quality was determined using the SdNR and FOM as per the specified protocols and parts of extremities, and for the presence of prothesis. Conclusions: Retrospecting the ALARA (‘As Low As Reasonably Achievable’) principles, it is possible to optimize the Perth CT protocol by reducing the kV and mAs values and by changing the collimation and increasing the pitch factor. Advanced IR techniques were used in both protocols, and AEC was used in the optimized protocol. The effective dose of radiation can be reduced five times, and the image quality will be satisfactory.
Cannabidiol Strengthening of Gastric Tight Junction Complexes Analyzed in an Improved Xenopus Oocyte Assay
Authors: Stein Laura , Vollstaedt Marie-Luise , Amasheh Salah
Published: January 2024

Cannabidiol (CBD), the non-psychoactive compound derived from the cannabis plant, has gained attention in recent years as a remedy against gastrointestinal disorders ranging from nausea and inflammation to abdominal pain. Recent advances demonstrated an effect on inflammatory pathways and barrier proteins. However, information on possible direct effects is scarce and needs to be addressed, as applications are currently increasing in popularity. To accomplish this, we have employed Xenopus laevis oocytes as a heterologous expression system for analysis of the direct effects on stomach-specific claudins and further developed tight junction (TJ) protein interaction assays. Human claudin-4, claudin-5, and claudin-18.2 were expressed in Xenopus oocytes, clustered in pairs to form contact areas, and analyzed in a two-cell model approach, including measurement of the contact area and contact strength. CLDN4/5/18 + CLDN4/5/18 oocyte pairs were incubated with 20 µM CBD or with 40 µM CBD and were compared to cells without CBD treatment (ctrl). For interaction analysis, the contact area was measured after 24 h and 48 h. Whereas CBD did not affect the size of the protein interaction area, Double Orbital Challenge experiments revealed an increased contact strength after 24 h incubation with CBD. In addition, the Xenopus oocyte experiments were accompanied by an analysis of claudin-4, -5, and -18 expression in gastric epithelium by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Claudin-4, -5, and -18 were strongly expressed, indicating a major role for gastric epithelial barrier function. In summary, our study shows direct effects of 40 µM CBD on Xenopus oocytes heterologously expressing a stomach-specific claudin combination, indicating a supportive and beneficial effect of CBD on gastric TJ proteins.
Investigation of the Impact of Electrochemical Hydrochlorination Process Parameters on the Efficiency of Noble (Au, Ag) and Base Metals Leaching from Computer Printed Circuit Boards
Authors: Serga Vera , Zarkov Aleksej , Shishkin Andrei , Melnichuks Maksims , Pankratov Vladimir
Published: January 2024

The development of environmentally friendly and energy-saving processes for recycling electronic waste (e-waste) is still relevant today. The research presented in this work relates to hydrometallurgy, namely, the electrochemical leaching of metals from e-waste under the action of alternating current (AC) into hydrochloric acid solutions of electrolytes, and can be used for leaching both noble and non-ferrous metals from secondary raw materials. The main object of the study was disintegrator-crushed mixed computer PCBs metal-rich powders with a particle size (d) of <90 µm. The impact of such leaching process parameters as temperature (Tel) and composition of the electrolyte solution, AC density (i) on the electrodes, experiment duration (tex) while maintaining a constant electrolyte temperature (60 °C, 70 °C, and 80 °C) on the metal (Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni, Pb, Sn, Ti, Zn, and Fe) leaching efficiency has been studied. In addition, under similar experimental conditions, but without external control of Tel, the kinetics of metal leaching from raw material powders obtained via PCBs single and double crushing in a disintegrator has been also presented. Comparison of raw material powders obtained from different batches of the source material showed both the variability of its chemical composition and the different kinetics of Au and Ag leaching under the same experimental conditions. The optimal conditions for pretreatment of the raw material obtained by single crushing in a disintegrator (CHCl = 6 mol·L−1, i = 0.88 A·cm−2, tex = 1 h, solid-to-liquid ratio—8.6 g·L−1 and without external control of Tel) were determined. It has been shown that this electrochemical pretreatment is accompanied by transition of only base metals into the electrolyte solution, making it possible to significantly reduce their concentration in the final solution. Under pretreatment conditions, the following degree of metal leaching (RMe) has been established: RCu = 98.2%, RAl = 62.8%, RNi = 53.4%, RPb = 93.2%, RSn = 98.0%, RTi = 88.5%, RZn = 61.6%, and RFe = 78.8%. As a result of a subsequent two-hour electrochemical treatment of a solid residue, the degree of leaching of gold and silver was 73.6% and 86.7%, respectively. The presented results provide a broader understanding of the possibility of using the proposed electrochemical hydrochlorination method for noble and base metals leaching from waste PCBs. The novelty and practical value of this research is a validation of the developed technology in laboratory conditions using the real batch of the PCBs. This approach may also be useful to researchers involved in the recycling of other types of secondary raw materials.
Transfer of Early-Stage Lithium Recovery from Laboratory-Scale Water Leaching to Upscale Challenges
Authors: Munchen Daniel Dotto , Milicevic Neumann Ksenija , Öner Ilayda Elif , Friedrich Bernd
Published: January 2024

The early-stage lithium recovery (ESLR) process associates thermal treatment of the black mass from lithium-ion batteries (LIB) with subsequent leaching, especially with water, targeting Li recovery in the first step of the process chain as lithium carbonate. The validation of ESLR has resulted in high Li efficiencies; however, currently, researchers have not yet been established the optimum parameters, which brings uncertainties to a further upscale. Based on that, four parameters, including different black masses previously thermally treated in the industry, were investigated in a leaching step in laboratory scale targeting Li and F leaching efficiencies. Through ANOVA statistical analysis, regression equations of the leaching efficiencies for both elements were generated, which supports an optimization study. The optimum parameters were then transferred to an upscale 100 L leaching trial and evaluated. The results in laboratory scale showed that Li maximization and F minimization were achieved at an S/L ratio of 30 g/L, 80 °C, and 6 L/min of CO2 gas addition, as well as with a sample of bigger particle size and probably more efficient thermal treatment. However, the upscale result with the same parameters showed a lower Li leaching efficiency, which is related to the poor geometric similarity between laboratory and upscale reactors.
Microstructure Formation and Its Effect on Mechanical Properties for Duplex Stainless Steel 2205 Plasma Arc Welded Joint
Authors: Hu Xiaodong , Qin Lu , Wang Huanqing , Zhang Lu , Xie Xuefang
Published: January 2024

The control of phase balance has always been a tough challenge for the welding of duplex stainless steel, which heavily restricts its optimal serving performance in engineering. The microstructure development and mechanical characteristics of SAF2205 plasma arc welded joints were thoroughly examined in this paper. It was proven that the phase balance can be well controlled by plasma arc welding, and the austenite content of the welded joints was about 60%. Despite successful phase control, there was still grain coarsening and distortion; i.e., at the center of the welded zone, the gain size was about eight times that of the base metal, and the austenite was mainly in the form of grain boundary austenite and intragranular austenite, while more Widmanstatten austenites were found in the heat-affected zone. In addition, a transition region between the heat affected zone and the center exhibited columnar ferritic grains. Furthermore, the plasticity and toughness of the welded joints were significantly decreased, especially the elongation in the longitudinal direction, which is about 10% lower than that of the base metal, and transversal tensile strength remained comparable to the base metal, with only a slight reduction in longitudinal tensile strength. Lastly, the formation mechanism of microstructure and its correlation with mechanical properties were revealed. This investigation offers valuable insights into the structural integrity of duplex stainless steel welded joints in engineering applications.
Enhancement of γ/γ’ Microstructured Cobalt Superalloys Produced from Atomized Powder by Creating a Harmonic Structure
Authors: Campos Mónica , Cartón-Cordero Marta , García de la Cruz Lucía , Caballero Francisca G. , Poplawsky Jonathan D. , Torralba José M.
Published: January 2024

A material’s properties must be continuously improved to meet the demands of extreme conditions in high-temperature applications. It is demonstrated that γ-γ’ Co-based superalloys could surpass the yield stress of Ni-based superalloys at high temperature due to the γ-γ’ structure. The powders were subjected to a harmonic modification in order to refine the grain structure on the surface and to activate the sintering process. This study examines how harmonic structure affects microstructure and mechanical properties at high temperatures. Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) was used for consolidation to maintain the ultrafine grain size microstructure of the powder. Compression tests were conducted from room temperature (RT) to 750 °C to assess the mechanical properties of the material. Yield stress values obtained from harmonic structures are four times higher than those obtained from cast alloys.
Study on the Consumption Mechanism and Lubrication of Mold Powder Based on Non-Sinusoidal Oscillation Mode
Authors: Cao Minghui , Liu Yuanhe , Zhang Xingzhong
Published: January 2024

A two-dimensional mold model coupled multiphase flow, heat transfer, solidification and mold oscillation was established based on the casting parameters of the mold of plant. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the measured by plant and calculated mold powder consumption under the same casting conditions. The mechanism of mold powder consumption and lubrication was analyzed based on the non-sinusoidal oscillation mode, and the effect of non-sinusoidal oscillation parameters on mold powder consumption was discussed. Mold powder consumption was determined by the downward flow velocity of liquid mold powder and the thickness of liquid mold powder film, the liquid mold powder consumption decreased with the decrease of those. When the mold moved downward, the mold powder thickness and downward flow velocity decreased, the minimum mold powder consumption reached at the middle of the negative strip time, and the variation was to opposite when the mold moved upward, the maximum mold powder consumption appeared during the positive strip time. With the decrease of casting speed and modification ratio, and increase of oscillation frequency and oscillation amplitude, the mold powder consumption had the tendency to increase. The nonlinear regression equation was fitted by the Levenberg–Marquardt method combined with the universal global optimization method to evaluate mold powder consumption.
The Characterization of Residues Related to the Roasting– Leaching–Electrowinning Zinc Production Route for Further Metal Extraction
Authors: Hellgren Simon , Engström Fredrik , Sundqvist Öqvist Lena
Published: January 2024

Super-hot acid leach residue is generated during zinc production in the roasting–leaching–electrowinning route, where both primary and secondary resources are used as feed material. This residue may contain valuable metals, such as lead, zinc, and iron, as well as precious metals, such as gold and silver. Four materials, namely super-hot acid leach residue, a residue formed when super-hot acid leach residue is selectively leached for lead with triethylenetetramine, as well as flotation concentrate, and flotation tailings formed in a selective silver flotation process with super-hot acid leach residue as the feed material were characterized to obtain a deeper understanding of possible further metal extraction. These four materials were characterized for chemical composition, mineralogy, and mineral distribution via chemical analyses, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The scanning electron microscope images showed that the materials have large variations in particle size distribution and composition. The results showed that the main lead phase in super-hot acid leach residue is lead sulfate, whereas it is mostly converted to lead sulfide during the selective lead leaching of the super-hot acid leach residue. The remaining lead sulfate is found in a solid solution with barium sulfate. Extracting lead from super-hot acid leach residue via triethylenetetramine leaching resulted in increased concentrations of gold and silver by 41% and 42%, respectively. The identified silver phases in super-hot acid leach residue may correspond to silver sulfide, silver chloride, and elementary silver, where silver sulfide was the most commonly occurring silver phase. After leaching this selectively for lead with triethylenetetramine, similar silver phases were identified, but silver sulfide and silver chloride occurred to a similar extent. Additionally, silver copper sulfide was detected. The presence of different silver phases might pose a challenge to reaching high silver recovery during leaching as the optimum leaching conditions differ somewhat. Furthermore, elemental sulfur, with a tendency to coat gold and silver particle surfaces, which is indicated to be present in all materials except the silver flotation tailings, may hinder metal extraction.
Effect of Eccentricity Difference on the Mechanical Response of Microfluidics-Derived Hollow Silica Microspheres during Nanoindentation
Authors: Wu Hao , Chen Juzheng , Jiang Tianyi , Wu Wenlong , Li Ming , Zhang Shanguo , Li Ziyong , Ye Haitao , Zhu Mengya , Zhou Jingzhuo , Lu Yang , Jiang Hongyuan
Published: January 2024

Hollow microspheres as the filler material of syntactic foams have been adopted in extensive practical applications, where the physical parameters and their homogeneity have been proven to be critical factors during the design process, especially for high-specification scenarios. Based on double-emulsion droplet templates, hollow microspheres derived from microfluidics-enabled soft manufacturing have been validated to possess well-controlled morphology and composition with a much narrower size distribution and fewer defects compared to traditional production methods. However, for more stringent requirements, the innate density difference between the core–shell solution of the double-emulsion droplet template shall result in the wall thickness heterogeneity of the hollow microsphere, which will lead to unfavorable mechanical performance deviations. To clarify the specific mechanical response of microfluidics-derived hollow silica microspheres with varying eccentricities, a hybrid method combining experimental nanoindentation and a finite element method (FEM) simulation was proposed. The difference in eccentricity can determine the specific mechanical response of hollow microspheres during nanoindentation, including crack initiation and the evolution process, detailed fracture modes, load-bearing capacity, and energy dissipation capability, which should shed light on the necessity of optimizing the concentricity of double-emulsion droplets to improve the wall thickness homogeneity of hollow microspheres for better mechanical performance.
Investigation of Gallium Arsenide Deformation Anisotropy during Nanopolishing via Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Zhao Bo , Gao Xifeng , Pan Jiansheng , Liu Huan , Zhao Pengyue
Published: January 2024

Crystal orientation significantly influences deformation during nanopolishing due to crystal anisotropy. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to examine the process of surface generation and subsurface damage. We conducted analyses of surface morphology, mechanical response, and amorphization in various crystal orientations to elucidate the impact of crystal orientation on deformation and amorphization severity. Additionally, we investigated the concentration of residual stress and temperature. This work unveils the underlying deformation mechanism and enhances our comprehension of the anisotropic deformation in gallium arsenide during the nanogrinding process.
The Impact of Intestinal Microbiota and Toll-like Receptor 2 Signaling on α-Synuclein Pathology in Nontransgenic Mice Injected with α-Synuclein Preformed Fibrils
Authors: Koyanagi Yukako , Kassai Momoe , Yoneyama Hiroshi
Published: January 2024

Intestinal microbiota and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), which can bind lipoteichoic acid produced by microbiota, might contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), which is characterized by α-synuclein accumulation. Although the contribution of intestinal microbiota and TLR2 to PD pathology was validated in genetic PD models, evidence suggests that the effects of TLR2 signaling on proteinopathy might depend on the presence of a genetic etiology. We examined the impact of intestinal microbiota and TLR2 signaling on α-synuclein pathology in a nontransgenic mouse model of sporadic PD. While an α-synuclein preformed fibrils injection successfully reproduced PD pathology by inducing accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates, microglial activation and increased TLR2 expression in the brains of nontransgenic mice, antibiotic-induced reduction in the density of intestinal microbiota and TLR2 knockout had small impact on these changes. These findings, which are in contrast to those reported in transgenic mice harboring transgene encoding α-synuclein, indicate that the contribution of intestinal microbiota and TLR2 signaling to α-synuclein pathogenesis might be influenced by the presence of a genetic etiology. Additionally, these findings suggest that integrating insights from this experimental model and genetic models would further advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying sporadic PD.
Characterization of Levan Fructan Produced by a Gluconobacter japonicus Strain Isolated from a Sugarcane Processing Facility
Authors: Bruni Gillian O. , Qi Yunci , Terrell Evan , Dupre Rebecca A. , Mattison Christopher P.
Published: January 2024

During raw sugarcane processing, a significant portion of lost sucrose is attributable to microbial degradation. Sucrose consumption by many bacteria is also linked to the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) such as dextrans and fructans. These resulting EPS cause operational challenges during raw sugar manufacturing. Here, we report the characterization of EPS from a fructan-forming Gluconobacter japonicus bacterium that we previously isolated from a Louisiana sugarcane factory. The genome sequencing revealed the presence of two encoded levansucrase genes, lsrA and lsrB. One levansucrase, LsrB, was detected in the secreted protein fraction of G. japonicus LASM12 by QTOF LC-MS. The spotting assays indicated that G. japonicus produces EPS using sucrose and raffinose as substrates. The G. japonicus EPS correlated with levan fructan commercial standards by 1H-NMR, and with the characteristic carbohydrate fingerprint region for FTIR spectra, confirming that the G. japonicus EPS is levan fructan. The glycosyl composition and glycosyl linkage analysis revealed a linear β-2,6-fructofuranosyl polysaccharide with occasional (5.7%) β-2,1-fructofuranosyl branches. The gel permeation chromatography of the levan fructan EPS showed two main peaks at 4.5 kDa and 8 kDa and a very minor peak at 500 kDa. G. japonicus was identified as a producer of levan fructan. These findings will be useful for future studies aimed at evaluating the impact of levan fructans on sugar crop processing, which have been historically underestimated in industry.
Bacterial Vaginosis and Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Pathophysiologic Interrelationship
Authors: Sobel Jack D. , Vempati Yogitha Sai
Published: January 2024

Among the infectious causes of vulvovaginal symptoms, bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) dominate. Apart from infrequent mixed infections, both are considered independent and caused by unrelated pathogenic mechanisms. Clinical experience, however, is strongly suggestive that in some populations these infections are linked with recurrent BV (RBV) serving as the dominant etiopathogenic trigger for development of recurrent VVC (RVVC) with profound clinical and therapeutic consequences. The biologic basis for this critical interrelationship is discussed and suggests that as a consequence of BV dysbiosis, and not necessarily because of antibiotics prescribed, immune defenses are compromised, neutralizing vaginal yeast tolerance. The consequent BV-induced vaginal proinflammatory environment predisposes to mixed infection or consecutive episodes of post-treatment VVC. Recurrent BV and repeated antimicrobial drug exposure also predispose to acquired fluconazole resistance in C. albicans isolates, contributing to refractory vulvovaginal candidiasis.
The Bioactivity of a Hydroxytyrosol-Enriched Extract Originated after Direct Hydrolysis of Olive Leaves from Greek Cultivars
Authors: Kourti Maria , Skaperda Zoi , Tekos Fotios , Stathopoulos Panagiotis , Koutra Christina , Skaltsounis Alexios Leandros , Kouretas Demetrios
Published: January 2024

Nowadays, olive leaf polyphenols have been at the center of scientific interest due to their beneficial effects on human health. The most abundant polyphenol in olive leaves is oleuropein. The biological properties of oleuropein are mainly due to the hydroxytyrosol moiety, a drastic catechol group, whose biological activity has been mentioned many times in the literature. Hence, in recent years, many nutritional supplements, food products, and cosmetics enriched in hydroxytyrosol have been developed and marketed, with unexpectedly positive results. However, the concentration levels of hydroxytyrosol in olive leaves are low, as it depends on several agricultural factors. In this study, a rapid and easy methodology for the production of hydroxytyrosol-enriched extracts from olive leaves was described. The proposed method is based on the direct acidic hydrolysis of olive leaves, where the extraction procedure and the hydrolysis of oleuropein are carried out in one step. Furthermore, we tested the in vitro bioactivity of this extract using cell-free and cell-based methods, evaluating its antioxidant and DNA-protective properties. Our results showed that the hydroxytyrosol-enriched extract produced after direct hydrolysis of olive leaves exerted significant in vitro antioxidant and geno-protective activity, and potentially these extracts could have various applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.
Optimal Selection of Sampling Points within Sewer Networks for Wastewater-Based Epidemiology Applications
Authors: Yao Yao , Zhu Yibo , Nogueira Regina , Klawonn Frank , Wallner Markus
Published: January 2024

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has great potential to monitor community public health, especially during pandemics. However, it faces substantial hurdles in pathogen surveillance through WBE, encompassing data representativeness, spatiotemporal variability, population estimates, pathogen decay, and environmental factors. This paper aims to enhance the reliability of WBE data, especially for early outbreak detection and improved sampling strategies within sewer networks. The tool implemented in this paper combines a monitoring model and an optimization model to facilitate the optimal selection of sampling points within sewer networks. The monitoring model utilizes parameters such as feces density and average water consumption to define the detectability of the virus that needs to be monitored. This allows for standardization and simplicity in the process of moving from the analysis of wastewater samples to the identification of infection in the source area. The entropy-based model can select optimal sampling points in a sewer network to obtain the most specific information at a minimum cost. The practicality of our tool is validated using data from Hildesheim, Germany, employing SARS-CoV-2 as a pilot pathogen. It is important to note that the tool’s versatility empowers its extension to monitor other pathogens in the future.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceutical Residues from Water and Sewage Effluent Using Different TiO2 Nanomaterials
Authors: Navidpour Amir Hossein , Ahmed Mohammad Boshir , Zhou John L.
Published: January 2024

Pharmaceuticals are widely used and often discharged without metabolism into the aquatic systems. The photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical compounds propranolol, mebeverine, and carbamazepine was studied using different titanium dioxide nanostructures suspended in water under UV and UV-visible irradiation. Among three different photocatalysts, the degradation was most effective by using Degussa P25 TiO2, followed by Hombikat UV100 and Aldrich TiO2. The photocatalytic performance was dependent on photocatalyst dosage, with an optimum concentration of 150 mg L−1. The natural aquatic colloids were shown to enhance the extent of photocatalysis, and the effect was correlated with their aromatic carbon content. In addition, the photocatalysis of pharmaceuticals was enhanced by the presence of nitrate, but inhibited by the presence of 2-propanol, indicating the importance of hydroxyl radicals. Under optimum conditions, the pharmaceuticals were rapidly degraded, with a half-life of 1.9 min, 2.1 min, and 3.2 min for propranolol, mebeverine, and carbamazepine, respectively. In treating sewage effluent samples, the photocatalytic rate constants for propranolol (0.28 min−1), mebeverine (0.21 min−1), and carbamazepine (0.15 min−1) were similar to those in water samples, demonstrating the potential of photocatalysis as a clean technology for the effective removal of pharmaceuticals from sewage effluent.
Development of TiO2–CaCO3 Based Composites as an Affordable Building Material for the Photocatalytic Abatement of Hazardous NOx from the Environment
Authors: Kuppusamy Madhan , Kim Sun-Woo , Lee Kwang-Pill , Jo Young Jin , Kim Wha-Jung
Published: January 2024

This study explores the depollution activity of a photocatalytic cementitious composite comprising various compositions of n-TiO2 and CaCO3. The photocatalytic activity of the CaCO3–TiO2 composite material is assessed for the aqueous photodegradation efficiency of MB dye solution and NOx under UV light exposure. The catalyst CaCO3–TiO2 exhibits the importance of an optimal balance between CaCO3 and n-TiO2 for the highest NOx removal of 60% and MB dye removal of 74.6%. The observed trends in the photodegradation of NOx removal efficiencies suggest a complex interplay between CaCO3 and TiO2 content in the CaCO3–n-TiO2 composite catalysts. This pollutant removal efficiency is attributed to the synergistic effect between CaCO3 and n-TiO2, where a higher percentage of n-TiO2 appeared to enhance the photocatalytic activity. It is recommended that CaCO3–TiO2 photocatalysts are effectiveness in water and air purification, as well as for being cost-effective construction materials.
Physical Mechanism of Selective Healing of Nanopores in Condensed Matter under the Influence of Laser Irradiation and Plasma
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Ushakov Ivan Vladimirovich , Safronov Ivan Sergeevich , Zuo Jianping
Published: January 2024

The investigation of the features of laser control over the state of nanoscale objects in solid materials is an urgent task of condensed matter physics. We experimentally established the potential for the simultaneous enhancement of hardness and resistance to surface cracking in a titanium alloy due to selective laser irradiation. The regularities of selective heating near nanopores and the influence of the nanopore system on the features of isotherm propagation have been revealed. A physical model is proposed for the healing of nanopores situated in the surface layer of the sample. According to this model and as a result of laser irradiation and laser plasma, a brief transition of the material surface to extreme conditions is initiated.
Kinetics of Direct Reaction of Vanadate, Chromate, and Permanganate with Graphene Nanoplatelets for Use in Water Purification
Authors: Konradt Daniel , Schroden Detlef , Hagemann Ulrich , Heidelmann Markus , Rohns Hans-Peter , Wagner Christoph , Konradt Norbert
Published: January 2024

Oxometalates of vanadium(V), chromium(VI), and manganese(VII) have negative impacts on water resources due to their toxicity. To remove them, the kinetics of 0.04 mM oxometalates in natural and synthetic water were studied using graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). The GNP were dispersible in water and formed aggregates >15 µm that could be easily separated. Within 30 min, the GNP were covered with ~0.4 mg/g vanadium and ~1.0 mg/g chromium as Cr(OH)3. The reaction of 0.04 mM permanganate with 50 mg of GNP resulted in a coverage of 10 mg/g in 5 min, while the maximum value was 300 mg/g manganese as Mn2O3/MnO. TEM showed a random metal distribution on the surfaces; no clusters or nanoparticles were detected. The rate of disappearance in aerated water followed a pseudo second-order adsorption kinetics (PSO) for V(V), a pseudo second-order reaction for Cr(VI), and a pseudo first-order reaction for Mn(VII). For Cr(VI) and Mn(VII), the rate constants were found to depend on the GNP mass. Oxygen sorption occurred with PSO kinetics as a parallel slow process upon contact of GNP with air-saturated water. For thermally regenerated GNP, the rate constant decreased for V(V) but increased for Cr(VI), while no effect was observed for Mn(VII). GNP capacity was enhanced through regeneration for V(V) and Cr(VI); no effect was observed for Mn(VII). The reactions are well-suited for use in water purification processes and the reaction products, GNP, decorated with single metal atoms, are of great interest for the construction of sensors, electronic devices, and for application in single-atom catalysis (SAC).
Bean and Nut Intake Were Protective Factors for Comorbid Hypertension and Hyperuricemia in Chinese Adults: Results from China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2015–2017)
Authors: Piao Wei , Li Shujuan , Guo Qiya , Cheng Xue , Xu Xiaoli , Zhao Liyun , Yu Dongmei
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to describe the prevalence of comorbid hypertension and hyperuricemia (HH) and detected the dietary factors for HH in Chinese adults aged 18 to 64 years. All of the data were collected from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2015–2017, with a stratified, multistage, random sampling method on a national scale. A total of 52,627 adult participants aged 18~64 years from the CNHS 2015–2017 were included in this study. HH was identified as SUA level cut-offs for males and females of 420 μmol/L and 360 μmol/L, respectively, with mean systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or mean diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg and/or received antihypertensive treatment within two weeks. The differences in HH prevalence between or among the subgroups were compared by the Rao–Scott chi-square test. The correlations between HH and covariates or metabolic factors were detected by a weighted two-level multivariate survey logistic regression. The total weighted sufficient intake ratios of beans and nuts, vegetables, and red meat were 59.1%, 46.6%, and 64.8%, respectively. The weighted prevalence of HH in the total participants was 4.7% (95% CI: 4.3–5.0%). The positive effects of bean and nut on HH were observed. The participants who had sufficient bean and nut intake showed lower risk for HH (for the total participants: OR = 0.734, 95% CI = 0.611–0.881). The prevalence of HH might have been a public health problem, and bean and nut intake might be a protective factor for HH in the Chinese population.
Decreased Neuromuscular Function and Muscle Quality along with Increased Systemic Inflammation and Muscle Proteolysis Occurring in the Presence of Decreased Estradiol and Protein Intake in Early to Intermediate Post-Menopausal Women
Authors: Willoughby Darryn S. , Florez Christine , Davis Jaci , Keratsopoulos Nikolas , Bisher Morgan , Parra Mandy , Taylor Lemuel
Published: January 2024

Menopause causes a reduction in estradiol (E2) and may be associated with neuromuscular degeneration. Compared to pre-menopausal (PRE-M) women, this study sought to determine dietary protein intake and whether lower levels of circulating E2 in post-menopausal women (POST-M) were occurring alongside increased levels of biomarkers of axonal and neuromuscular junction degeneration (NMJ), inflammation, muscle protein degradation, and reduced indices of muscle quality and performance. Employing a cross-sectional design, PRE-M (n = 6) and POST-M (n = 6) dietary analysis data were collected and participants then donated a blood and urine sample followed by assessments for body composition, motor unit activation, and muscle performance. Independent group t-tests were performed to determine differences between groups (p ≤ 0.05). In POST-M women, E2, motor unit activity, muscle quality, and muscle performance were significantly less than those for PRE-M women; however, the levels of c-terminal fragment of agrin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and urinary titin were significantly greater (p < 0.05). POST-M women were also shown to be ingesting fewer total calories and less protein than PRE-M (p < 0.05). Reduced E2 and dietary protein intake in POST-M women occurs in conjunction with increased levels of biomarkers of NMJ degradation, inflammation, and muscle proteolysis, which may be associated with reduced motor unit activation and muscle quality.
Feeding Practices, Parent Perceptions, and Diet Diversity in a Sample of Children Aged 0–5 Years from Western Sydney, Australia: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Iyer Anjana , Kent Katherine , Brunacci Kaitlyn , Agho Kingsley Emwinyore , Fleming Catharine A. K.
Published: January 2024

(1) Background: Sub-optimal feeding practices and dietary intakes in childhood are associated with poor health outcomes in adulthood. This mixed methods study aims to profile feeding practices, parent perceptions, and dietary diversity in a sample of children aged 0–5 years (n = 29) from Western Sydney, Australia. (2) Methods: In 2019, semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents, exploring their child’s feeding practices. An online quantitative survey was used to assess children’s feeding history. Nutrient intakes and dietary diversity scores were assessed using an online 24-h dietary recall. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA, while qualitative data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. (3) Results: The analysis showed that 27.6% of children were exclusively breastfed until 6 months of age and that 62.1% of children were introduced to solids before 6 months. Over 60% of children achieved minimum dietary diversity. The thematic analysis identified four themes, including mothers’ feeding choices, mothers’ perceptions of their children’s diet, influences on feeding choices, and mothers’ personal experiences. (4) Conclusions: The feeding history of over half the children in this sample indicated non-compliance with Australian and WHO infant feeding guidelines. The thematic analysis revealed various possible influences on parent feeding choices that can be used to inform targeted support.
Sensor-Based Glucose Metrics during Different Diet Compositions in Type 1 Diabetes—A Randomized One-Week Crossover Trial
Authors: Kristensen Kasper B. , Ranjan Ajenthen G. , McCarthy Olivia M. , Bracken Richard M. , Nørgaard Kirsten , Schmidt Signe
Published: January 2024

By reducing carbohydrate intake, people with type 1 diabetes may reduce fluctuations in blood glucose, but the evidence in this area is sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate glucose metrics during a one-week low-carbohydrate-high-fat (HF) and a low-carbohydrate-high-protein (HP) diet compared with an isocaloric high-carbohydrate (HC) diet. In a randomized, three-period cross-over study, twelve adults with insulin-pump-treated type 1 diabetes followed an HC (energy provided by carbohydrate: 48%, fat: 33%, protein: 19%), HF (19%, 62%, 19%), and an HP (19%, 57%, 24%) diet for one week. Glucose values were obtained during intervention periods using a Dexcom G6 continuous glucose monitoring system. Participant characteristics were: 33% females, median (range) age 50 (22–70) years, diabetes duration 25 (11–52) years, HbA1c 7.3 (5.5–8.3)% (57 (37–67) mmol/mol), and BMI 27.3 (21.3–35.9) kg/m2. Glycemic variability was lower with HF (30.5 ± 6.2%) and HP (30.0 ± 5.5%) compared with HC (34.5 ± 4.1%) (PHF-HC = 0.009, PHP-HC = 0.003). There was no difference between groups in mean glucose (HF: 8.7 ± 1.1, HP: 8.2 ± 1.0, HC: 8.7 ± 1.0 mmol/L, POverall = 0.08). Time > 10.0 mmol/L was lower with HP (22.3 ± 11.8%) compared with HF (29.4 ± 12.1%) and HC (29.5 ± 13.4%) (PHF-HP = 0.037, PHC-HP = 0.037). In conclusion, a one-week HF and, specifically, an HP diet improved glucose metrics compared with an isocaloric HC diet.