bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An overview on the antimalarial activity of 1,2,4‐trioxanes, 1,2,4‐trioxolanes and 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes
Authors: Shukla Monika , Rathi Komal , Hassam Mohammad , Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Karnatak Manvika , Rawat Varun , Verma Ved Prakash
Published: May 2023

The demand for novel, fast‐acting, and effective antimalarial medications is increasing exponentially. Multidrug resistant forms of malarial parasites, which are rapidly spreading, pose a serious threat to global health. Drug resistance has been addressed using a variety of strategies, such as targeted therapies, the hybrid drug idea, the development of advanced analogues of pre‐existing drugs, and the hybrid model of resistant strains control mechanisms. Additionally, the demand for discovering new potent drugs grows due to the prolonged life cycle of conventional therapy brought on by the emergence of resistant strains and ongoing changes in existing therapies. The 1,2,4‐trioxane ring system in artemisinin (ART) is the most significant endoperoxide structural scaffold and is thought to be the key pharmacophoric moiety required for the pharmacodynamic potential of endoperoxide‐based antimalarials. Several derivatives of artemisinin have also been found as potential treatments for multidrug‐resistant strain in this area. Many 1,2,4‐trioxanes, 1,2,4‐trioxolanes, and 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes derivatives have been synthesised as a result, and many of these have shown promise antimalarial activity both in vivo and in vitro against Plasmodium parasites. As a consequence, efforts to develop a functionally straight‐forward, less expensive, and vastly more effective synthetic pathway to trioxanes continue. This study aims to give a thorough examination of the biological properties and mode of action of endoperoxide compounds derived from 1,2,4‐trioxane‐based functional scaffolds. The present system of 1,2,4‐trioxane, 1,2,4‐trioxolane, and 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxane compounds and dimers with potentially antimalarial activity will be highlighted in this systematic review (January 1963–December 2022).
Steps on the Path to Clinical Translation: A workshop by the British and Irish Chapter of the ISMRM
Authors: Hubbard Cristinacce Penny L. , Markus Julia E. , Punwani Shonit , Mills Rebecca , Lopez Maria Yanez , Grech‐Sollars Matthew , Fasano Fabrizio , Waterton John C. , Thrippleton Michael J. , Hall Matt G. , O'Connor James P. B. , Francis Susan T. , Statton Ben , Murphy Kevin , So Po‐Wah , Hyare Harpreet
Published: May 2023

The British and Irish Chapter of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (BIC‐ISMRM) held a workshop entitled “Steps on the path to clinical translation” in Cardiff, UK, on 7th September 2022. The aim of the workshop was to promote discussion within the MR community about the problems and potential solutions for translating quantitative MR (qMR) imaging and spectroscopic biomarkers into clinical application and drug studies. Invited speakers presented the perspectives of radiologists, radiographers, clinical physicists, vendors, imaging Contract/Clinical Research Organizations (CROs), open science networks, metrologists, imaging networks, and those developing consensus methods. A round‐table discussion was held in which workshop participants discussed a range of questions pertinent to clinical translation of qMR imaging and spectroscopic biomarkers. Each group summarized their findings via three main conclusions and three further questions. These questions were used as the basis of an online survey of the broader UK MR community.
Synthesis and Structure of Carbon‐doped TiO2 by Carbothermal Treatment
Authors: Eitel Dominik , Graml Johanna , Hoppe Julia , Kaliwoda Melanie , Hornfeck Markus , Helbig Uta
Published: May 2023

Carbon modified titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a promising candidate for catalytic applications or fuel cells, where the modified oxide could replace currently used catalyst support materials. Carbothermally treated TiO2 was successfully prepared by annealing under acetylene/nitrogen gas flow in a rotary tube furnace. The carbon content in the TiO2 samples ranged from 5 to 14.5 wt.‐% as determined by thermogravimetric measurements. The powders showed suppression of the phase transition from anatase to rutile up to a treatment temperature of 825°C. Above 600°C rutile is the thermodynamically stable phase, therefore the suppression must be attributed to either carbon in the lattice or the reducing atmosphere in the furnace. Raman spectra revealed the characteristic G and D bands, indicating the formation of carbonaceous species in the samples. In addition, a shift of the anatase Eg(1) band was observed indicating a lattice disorder pointing toward carbon incorporation into the lattice. Diffuse reflectance spectra show sub band gap absorption together with a shift of the absorption edge. Depending on the extraction method of band gaps from spectra, the band gap values show a decrease or increase with increasing carbon content. Details of the evaluation and interpretation of the spectra are discussed.
A unified numerical model for simulating heat transfer in flows past porous bodies
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhao Haibo , Huang Tao , Yu Peng , Shu Chang
Published: May 2023

A unified numerical model for simulating thermal flows past and through porous media whose thermal properties are identical with those of the surrounding fluid is proposed in this paper, which advances the work of the unified immersed boundary‐lattice Boltzmann flux solver (UIB‐LBFS). The proposed method greatly simplifies the conventional computation procedure for thermal flows past porous bodies by unifying the governing equations for the flow and temperature fields in both the porous and fluid domains. This is achieved by introducing a diffuse layer, across which the variation of the flow properties including its thermal features are expected to be smooth. Also, the developed method can be applied on either uniform or nonuniform grid since the numerical fluxes are locally reconstructed by LBFS at cell interfaces. In addition, the boundary conditions for both the flow and temperature fields at the porous‐fluid interface with complex shape can be implemented through IBM in a simple way. The proposed method is validated by several numerical examples over wide ranges of thermal parameters from forced convection to mixed convection. Excellent agreements are obtained for all simulations, including the one with severe temperature gradient in the thin temperature boundary layer at , which demonstrates the capabilities of the proposed method.
Diabetes self‐management and its related factors among Chinese young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: He Qiao , Liu Yu , Lin Keke , Zhao Fang , Guo Hong , Shen Yina
Published: May 2023

Aim

To explore the status quo of self‐management among young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the determinants of self‐management under the guidance of social cognitive theory.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

In total, 227 young adults (18–44 years old) with T2DM at two hospitals in Beijing completed the questionnaires. The Summary of Diabetes Self‐care Activities (SDSCA) was used, along with additional questionnaires about diabetes self‐efficacy, attitude, diabetes distress, diabetes knowledge, coping styles and social support. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to explore the related factors of self‐management among the young patients.

Results

The scores for the SDSCA in diet, exercise, blood‐glucose testing, foot care and medication taking were (4.16 ± 1.51), (3.46 ± 2.50), (2.28 ± 2.24), (1.08 ± 1.84) and (6.09 ± 1.88), respectively. Stepwise multiple linear regression showed that fasting blood‐glucose value was significantly associated with self‐management behaviours of diet, exercise, blood‐glucose testing and medication taking. Self‐efficacy was significantly associated with self‐management behaviours of diet, exercise and foot care. Diabetes distress, diabetes‐related social activity, confrontation, education, duration of T2DM, treatment modalities and diabetes knowledge were associated with the one or two dimensions of SDSCA in the young adults with T2DM.
Dapagliflozin prevents abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue dysfunction in the insulin‐resistant canine model
Authors: Kabir Morvarid , Bergman Richard N. , Porter Jay , Stefanovski Darko , Paszkiewicz Rebecca L. , Piccinini Francesca , Woolcott Orison O. , Yang HsiuChiung , Gopaul V. Sashi , Stiles Linsey , Kolka Cathryn M.
Published: May 2023

Objective

Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) promote urinary glucose excretion, induce weight loss, and reduce fat accumulation. The effects of the SGLT2i dapagliflozin (DAPA) on subcutaneous (SC) and visceral (VIS) adipose tissue function remain unclear. The objective of this study is to evaluate SC and VIS adipose tissue function in an insulin‐resistant canine model.

Methods

A total of 12 dogs were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks and then were given a single low dose of streptozotocin (18.5 mg/kg) to induce insulin resistance. Animals were then randomized and exposed to DAPA (n = 6, 1.25 mg/kg) or placebo (n = 6) once per day for 6 weeks while remaining on the HFD.

Results

DAPA prevented further weight gain induced by the HFD and normalized fat mass. DAPA reduced fasting glucose and increased free fatty acids, adiponectin, and β‐hydroxybutyrate. DAPA reduced adipocyte diameter and cell distribution. Furthermore, DAPA increased genes associated with beiging, lipolysis, and adiponectin secretion and the expression of the adiponectin receptor ADR2, in SC and VIS adipose tissue. DAPA increased AMP‐activated protein kinase activity and maximal mitochondrial respiratory function, especially in the SC depot. Furthermore, DAPA reduced cytokines and ceramide synthesis enzymes in SC and VIS depots.

Conclusions

For the first time, to our knowledge, we identify mechanisms by which DAPA enhances adipose tissue function in regulating energy homeostasis in an insulin‐resistant canine model.
Optimal location of micro‐phasor measurement units in distribution system control, monitoring, and protection using hybrid technique
Authors: Raqib Hussain A. , Elango M. K.
Published: May 2023

This manuscript proposes a hybrid technique for the optimum location of micro‐phasor measurement units (μ‐PMUs) in the distribution system (DS).The proposed hybrid approach is the wrapper of dwarf mongoose optimizer (DMO) and pelican optimization algorithm (POA). The updating behavior of DMO is improved by the POA; therefore, it is called DMO‐POA approach. The main aim of the proposed approach is to avoid discontinuity of supply and minimizes the count of PMDs to reduce cost and attain the maximal count of measurement‐redundancy that is limited to full‐system observability for IEEE bus‐system in zero injection nodes (ZINs) and tie‐switches. The proposed approach considered the optimum count of μ‐PMUs is needed for the thorough distribution system economy, observability, and the reliability measure. The proposed approach considers the distribution of PMUs in the reconfiguration of smart‐distribution‐grids, ZINs and communication system requirements. Here, the objective‐function is aiming at minimizing the costs of reliability and capital. The proposed method uses the infrastructure of communication cost to simultaneously co‐optimize the system switching strategy and find the optimal sites for PMUs. The performance of the proposed technique is tested in different test‐systems, like IEEE‐14 bus, 13, 34, 37, and 123 buses and the performance is executed by comparing it with the existing approaches. Furthermore, the proposed system is effectual to find an optimal solution with less computation and decreases the complexity of the algorithm.
Improved interfacial interactions of modified graphene oxide/natural rubber composites with the low heat build‐up and good mechanical property for the green tire application
Authors: An Dong , Cui Yiwen , He Rizheng , Chen Jiaqi , Duan Xiaoyuan , Li Jiaxiong , Liu Yaqing , Liu Yanli , Yu Huitao , Wong Chingping
Published: May 2023

With the rapid development of transportation system, the safety, reliability, and durability of green tires play an important role in modern transportation. While for the material preparation, the poor dispersion ability of reinforced filler and the weak interfacial interactions with polymer matrix seriously restricted the further application in the green tire field. Meanwhile, avoiding the use of organic solvents is also an environmental issue that needs to be considered in the preparation process. Herein, water‐soluble 2‐mercapto‐1‐methylimidazole (MMI) functionalized graphene oxide (GO‐MMI) was obtained through a simple, green and one‐step hydrothermal method. Additionally, the modified graphene oxide/natural rubber composites (GO‐MMI/NR) with different GO‐MMI content were prepared by the latex coprecipitation approach. As a result, the modified GO‐MMI could be evenly dispersed in the NR matrix through the mechanical blending and the obtained GO‐MMI/NR composites possessed the good comprehensive properties after vulcanization. Specifically, the tensile strength (26.8 MPa), elongation at break (801%), low heat build‐up (6.2°C), Deutsches Institute for Normung (DIN) abrasion loss volume (71.31 mm3) and heat resistance index (162.1°C) were synchronic‐lifting when compared with the GO/NR composites. The results demonstrated that obtained GO‐MMI/NR composites owned the promising application for the industrial‐scale green tires.
Multifunctional properties optimization and stimuli‐responsivity of shape memory polymeric nanoarchitectures and applications
Authors: Idumah Christopher Igwe
Published: May 2023

As a result of nanotechnological advancement, parameters inducing flaws in shape memory polymers (SMP), such as weak mechanical properties, low electrical, and thermal conductivities, and so on, were mitigated through the inclusion of a versatile range of nanomaterials such as montmorillonites, carbon nanotubes, graphene and derivatives, cellulose nanocrystals, carbon nanofibers, and so on, thereby forming shape memory polymeric nanoarchitectures (SMPNs). Hence, this work elucidates most recently emerging advancements on multifunctional SMPNs filled by differing nanoparticulates. Varying multifunctional SMPNs exhibit responsivity to varying forms of stimulation strategies, including thermal responsivity, electroactivated, alternating magnetic field responsivity, light sensitivity, and water induced SMPs. Therefore, this article presents very recently emerging advancements in the construction, characterization, properties, and multifunctional applications of stimuli‐responsive SMPNs, with special emphasis on functional and stimuli‐responsive SMPNs. Furthermore, important functions of SMPNs such as stimuli‐memory effect and self‐mending abilities, as well as prospective strategies for future progress of these materials are highlighted.
Screening young adult cancer survivors for depression and anxiety with the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME‐MD): Comparisons with a structured clinical diagnostic interview
Authors: Chevalier Lydia L. , Blackmon Jaime E. , Roman Anthony , Chang Grace , Recklitis Christopher J.
Published: May 2023

Objective

Survivorship guidelines recommend screening for depression and anxiety in young adult cancer survivors (YACS), but research validating measures in this population is limited. The current study aimed to examine use of the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME‐MD) to screen for depression and anxiety in YACS.

Methods

249 YACS (aged 18–40, 50% male) completed PRIME‐MD via Telephone Automated Computer Assisted Structured Interview and the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM‐IV (SCID) via in‐person interview. SCID responses were scored to identify depressive and anxiety symptoms and diagnoses. PRIME‐MD was scored to identify YACS reaching the symptom threshold (≥1 depressive or anxiety symptom) and diagnostic threshold for depressive or anxiety disorder. ROC analyses evaluated concordance of the PRIME‐MD with the SCID.

Results

The PRIME‐MD depressive symptom threshold had excellent discrimination compared to SCID depressive diagnosis (AUC = 0.83) with high sensitivity (86%) and specificity (81%). Similarly, the PRIME‐MD depressive diagnosis threshold had excellent discrimination compared to SCID depressive diagnosis (AUC = 0.86) as well as high sensitivity (86%) and specificity (86%). No PRIME‐MD threshold met sensitivity (≥0.85) and specificity (≥0.75) criteria for identifying SCID depressive symptoms, anxiety disorders, or anxiety symptoms.

Conclusions

PRIME‐MD has potential utility as a screening measure of depressive disorders in YACS. The PRIME‐MD depressive symptom threshold may be particularly useful in survivorship clinics as it requires only two items be administered. However, PRIME‐MD does not meet study criteria for a standalone screen for anxiety disorders, anxiety symptoms, or depressive symptoms in YACS.
Study on Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using dsDNA as Template and Detection of GSH
Authors: Bao Wenhui , Ai Jun
Published: May 2023

In this work, silver nanoparticles are synthesized using a simple and sensitive method by using double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA‐Ag NPs) as a template. The prepared dsDNA‐Ag NPs are characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The excitation wavelength of the prepared silver nanoparticles is 295 nm, the emission wavelength is 377 nm, the average particle size is 11.2 nm, and the dispersion is uniform with pleasurable stability. The nanomaterials are used as fluorescent probes to detect glutathione (GSH). After adding glutathione to the dsDNA‐Ag NPs fluorescent probes, the fluorescence of dsDNA‐Ag NPs is burst due to electron transfer and SAg bond generation, and the linear range of detection concentration is 0–90 mm with a detection limit of 0.37 mm.
Serum bilirubin is associated with a reduced risk of subsequent recurrent wheezing following acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiang , Xu Hui , Tang Xiaolei , Zhao Shunying , Yang Haiming
Published: May 2023

Background

Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory molecule that has been shown to ameliorate airway inflammation. We aimed to study whether serum bilirubin is protective and can predict the development of subsequent recurrent wheezing in infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis.

Methods

The medical records of 188 infants who were hospitalized during an initial episode of severe RSV bronchiolitis at 6 months of age or less were retrospectively reviewed. Our main outcome of interest was the development of subsequent recurrent wheezing by the age of 3 years. Each infant's serum bilirubin concentration was extracted from their blood biochemical results.

Results

Seventy‐one (37.8%) infants developed recurrent wheezing by the age of 3 and 117 (62.2%) did not. The serum total bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, and conjugated bilirubin levels at hospital admission were lower in infants who developed recurrent wheezing as compared to those who did not (p ＜ 0.001). The area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve of serum total bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, and conjugated bilirubin for the prediction of subsequent recurrent wheezing were 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64–0.78), 0.70 (95% CI, 0.63–0.78), and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.59–0.75), respectively. Higher admission serum total bilirubin levels were independently associated with a lower risk of development of subsequent recurrent wheezing (adjusted OR 0.17, p ＜ 0.001).

Conclusion

During the first episode of severe RSV bronchiolitis in infants <6 months of age, moderately higher levels of serum bilirubin are associated with a reduced risk of developing subsequent recurrent wheezing by 3 years of age.
miR‐643 suppresses cell invasion and radioresistant of lung cancer through RAF1
Authors: Tian Hao , Ding Kai , Wang Zhongchao , Yin Li , Wu Jianzhong , He Xia
Published: May 2023

RAF1 (c‐raf) has been known as an important tumor‐promoter in many cancers. However, the regulatory mechanisms affecting RAF1 expressions are rarely reported. This study aimed to predict the candidate miRNAs of RAF1 gene and verify their functions in the progression of lung cancer. The expression of miR‐643 was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). A dual‐luciferase report system was used to verify the relationship between miR‐643 and RAF1. RT‐PCR and Western blot were used to analyze the regulatory relationship between miR‐643 and RAF1. Transwell chamber, scratch, and monoclonal tests showed that miR‐643 affected the proliferation, migration, and radiosensitivity of H1299 and A549 cells by targeting the RAF1 gene. The expression of miR‐643 in lung cancer cells was lower than that in the bronchial epithelioid cells (CRL‐2741), and luciferase reporter experiment confirmed that miR‐643 targeted RAF1. MiR‐643 overexpression decreased the RAF1 expression, thereby decreasing cell migration, proliferation, and radiation resistance through the AKT/nuclear factor‐κB pathway. miR‐643 in lung cancer cells could inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis and increase the radiosensitivity by downregulating RAF1.
A hole lot of trouble: Severe bilateral anastomotic dehiscence following bilateral single sequential lung transplant
Authors: White Cameron , Stuart Alice , Plit Marshall , Malouf Monique , Lilburn Paul
Published: May 2023

Airway complications post lung transplant including ischaemia and dehiscence have a significant associated mortality (2%–4%) and morbidity. We describe a case of a 22‐year‐old female who developed significant bilateral anastomotic dehiscence with severe ischaemia following a bilateral single sequential lung transplant (BSSLTx). Following an intensive antimicrobial regimen, judicious bronchoscopic surveillance, and a prolonged inpatient stay, the dehiscence resolved without requiring further surgical intervention. Our case highlights a space in the literature for further research with regard to airway complications post‐lung transplant and their management.
Robotic emergency liver resection of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Conticchio Maria , Delvecchio Antonella , Ferraro Valentina , Stasi Matteo , Casella Annachiara , Chetta Nicola , De Marinis Emma , Madaro Andrea , Raele Margherita , Filippo Rosalinda , Ammendola Michele , Tedeschi Michele , dèAngelis Nicola , Memeo Riccardo
Published: May 2023

Background

The spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare complication. The management of this complication needs a stepwise, multidisciplinary approach which considers first of all clinical conditions of the patient and also the possibility of the best curative treatment.

Methods

We report our experience of an emergency robotic liver resection for a ruptured HCC in an elderly patient. Minimally invasive liver resection is currently recognised as a safe and feasible approach to the treatment of HCC in elderly patients.

Results

Our patient presented haemodynamic stability, which allows us to perform a robotic resection of segment 3. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the application of a robotic platform in an emergency setting for liver resection.

Conclusions

Rupture of HCC is an uncommon complication, burdened by a high rate of mortality. Its management still remains controversial. Treatment should be individualised taking into consideration the clinical status of the patient, tumour features and possibility of centre therapeutic strategy.
Biomass‐Derived Bifunctional Cathode Electrocatalyst and Multiadaptive Gel Electrolyte for High‐Performance Flexible Zn–Air Batteries in Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Niu Jiaqi , Liu Yuan , Wang Xingqi , Liu Jiaojiao , Zhao Zijuan , Liu Xiaoqiang , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: May 2023

High‐efficiency and low‐cost bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), as well as gel electrolytes with high thermal and mechanical adaptability are required for the development of flexible batteries. Herein, abundant Setaria Viridis (SV) biomass is selected as the precursor to prepare porous N‐doped carbon tubes with high specific surface area and the 900 °C calcination product of SV (SV‐900) shows the optimum ORR/OER activities with a small EOER–EORR of 0.734 V. Meanwhile, a new multifunctional gel electrolyte named C20E2G5 is prepared using cellulose extracted from another widely distributed biomass named flax as the skeleton, epichlorohydrin as the cross‐linker and glycerol as the antifreezing agent. C20E2G5 possesses high ionic conductivity from −40 to + 60 °C, excellent tensile and compressive resistance, high adhesion, strong freezing and heat resistance. Moreover, the symmetrical cell assembled with C20E2G5 can significantly inhibit Zn dendrite growth. Finally, flexible solid‐state Zn–air batteries assembled with SV‐900 and C20E2G5 show high open circuit voltage, large energy density, and long‐term operation stability between −40 and + 60 °C. This biomass‐based approach is generic and can be used for the development of diverse next‐generation electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices.
Reliability‐ and sustainability‐driven strategies for the maintenance of existing structures
Authors: Fernández Ruiz Miguel , Regúlez Borja , Todisco Leonardo , Faria Duarte M.V. , Corres Hugo
Published: May 2023

The management of existing structures is raising a number of pertinent questions to the owners and engineers. Many structures built more than 50 years ago (even those built hundreds of years ago) usually no longer comply with safety requirements of current codes, which are typically addressed in new structures. This is not necessarily only caused by a poor original design or degradation with time, but it may be, for example, the consequence of increase in actions, reducing the level of reliability of a structure. This paper focuses on strategies to be adopted for existing structures which do not comply with code requirements for new constructions (e.g., to repair, to demolish, to rebuild, etc.) on the basis of a more holistic approach that includes economic, social, and environmental considerations. To that aim, first, a brief review of the background concepts on the reliability of structures is presented, highlighting the differences for new and existing structures. Following this analysis, suitable values for the reliability index (including sustainability considerations) are proposed, as well as tailored maintenance strategies. Finally, the paper presents a case study based on a real project to emphasize the benefits of adopting such a holistic perspective.
CoSe2 supported single Pt site catalysts for hydrogen peroxide generation via two‐electron oxygen reduction
Authors: Zhu Xiao‐Dong , Zhang Qian , Yang Xiaoxuan , Wang Yingnan , Wu Jinting , Gao Jian , Zou Ji‐Jun , Wu Gang , Zhang Yong‐Chao
Published: May 2023

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to prepare H2O2 in acidic medium has the advantages of green, safety, and portability, which shows broad development prospects. However, it still suffers from low catalyst activity, insufficient selectivity, and high cost. Herein, Pt1/CoSe2 with ultralow 0.01 wt.% Pt atomic distribution was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The Pt1/CoSe2 with ultralow Pt content exhibits high activity, high selectivity, and long‐term stability for ORR to H2O2 in O2‐saturated 0.1 M HClO4. The onset potential is as low as 0.75 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), H2O2 selectivity is as high as 84% (0.4 V vs. RHE), and the electron transfer number is 2.3 (0.4 V vs. RHE). Moreover, the hydrogen peroxide yield using the flow cell testing is 110.02 mmol gcat.−1 h−1 with high Faradaic efficiency of 78% (0 V vs. RHE) at 0.1 M HClO4, and the catalyst did not deactivate significantly after 60 h stability testing. Mechanistic studies and in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization confirm that the ultralow Pt content on CoSe2 can effectively regulate the electronic structure of Co as the real active site around the Pt site, which gives a suitable ∆dp value (the difference between the d‐band center of the active metal site and the p‐band center of the terminal oxygen in *OOH), provides an ideal *OOH binding energy, and inhibits the O–O bond breakage. This work successfully improves the intrinsic activity of the Co active sites around Pt in Pt1/CoSe2 for acidic ORR to H2O2 by constructing ultralow‐content Pt single atom.
Recent Progress in Polyaniline and its Composites for Supercapacitors
Authors: Shaheen Shah Syed , Oladepo Sulayman , Ali Ehsan Muhammad , Iali Wissam , Alenaizan Asem , Nahid Siddiqui Mohammad , Oyama Munetaka , Al‐Betar Abdul‐Rahman , Aziz Md. Abdul
Published: May 2023

Polyaniline (PANI) has piqued the interest of nanotechnology researchers due to its potential as an electrode material for supercapacitors. Despite its ease of synthesis and ability to be doped with a wide range of materials, PANI′s poor mechanical properties have limited its use in practical applications. To address this issue, researchers investigated using PANI composites with materials with highly specific surface areas, active sites, porous architectures, and high conductivity. The resulting composite materials have improved energy storage performance, making them promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in PANI‐based supercapacitors, focusing on using electrochemically active carbon and redox‐active materials as composites. We discuss challenges and opportunities of synthesizing PANI‐based composites for supercapacitor applications. Furthermore, we provide theoretical insights into the electrical properties of PANI composites and their potential as active electrode materials. The need for this review stems from the growing interest in PANI‐based composites to improve supercapacitor performance. By examining recent progress in this field, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state‐of‐the‐art and potential of PANI‐based composites for supercapacitor applications. This review adds value by highlighting challenges and opportunities associated with synthesizing and utilizing PANI‐based composites, thereby guiding future research directions.
Global patterns of water‐driven human migration
Authors: Xu Li , Famiglietti James S.
Published: May 2023

Environmental change is growingly reported as an important driver of human migration. Among all environmental variables, water crises are the most critical factors. To date, patterns of interconnections between changes in water and migration are not yet clearly understood. Here, we explore these patterns through a systematic review that combined a quantitative text‐mining approach with qualitative thematic analysis. Our results generally concur with those of previous studies, which found that water‐driven migration usually occurs internally and that the population in low‐ and middle‐income countries and in dry regions are the most vulnerable and more likely to migrate or be displaced in the face of water‐related events. However, our causal network analysis highlights that water is not the only reason for migration: Its related problems could be major triggers driving people‐at‐risk to leave their original place. Based on observed evidence, water‐driven migration can be generally divided into four patterns: variability in water quantity, damaging water hazards and extremes, physical disturbances to water systems, and water pollution. These patterns are not independent but interconnected through multifaceted factors affecting people's livelihoods and their decisions to migrate. Understanding water‐migration dynamics requires systematic thinking of the interconnections between changes in water and in migration patterns, the investigation of interactions between fast and slow water variables and their dynamic link to other socioeconomic variables, an integrated water‐migration database to help identify early‐warning signals of damaging water hazards that may result in undesirable migration, and targeted water policies that focus on building the resilience of vulnerable regions and population to climate change.

This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Value of Water
The Ocean as a Solution to Climate Change: Five Opportunities for Action
Authors: Hoegh-Guldberg Ove , Caldeira Ken , Chopin Thierry , Gaines Steve , Haugan Peter , Hemer Mark , Howard Jennifer , Konar Manaswita , Krause-Jensen Dorte , Lovelock Catherine E. , Lindstad Elizabeth , Michelin Mark , Nielsen Finn Gunnar , Northrop Eliza , Parker Robert W. R. , Roy Joyashree , Smith Tristan , Some Shreya , Tyedmers Peter
Published: May 2023

The ocean is a dominant feature of our planet, covering 70% of its surface and driving its climate and biosphere. The ocean sustains life on earth and yet is in peril from climate change.
A Sustainable Ocean Economy for 2050: Approximating Its Benefits and Costs
Authors: Konar Manaswita , Ding Helen
Published: May 2023

The ocean and its resources provide key ecosystem services and benefits that are crucial for human well-being and the prosperity of the global economy, but these services are at risk.The ocean’s wide range of ecosystem services (including food, energy, recreational/ cultural services and trading/transport routes) is vital for the well-being of society. However, climate change, overfishing, pollution and a loss of biodiversity and coastal ecosystems are eroding the ability of the ocean to sustain livelihoods and prosperity.
A Sustainable and Equitable Blue Recovery to the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Northrop Eliza , Konar Manaswita , Frost Nicola , Hollaway Elizabeth
Published: May 2023

A healthy ocean is the foundation for prosperous, healthy and vibrant economies. There is an unprecedented opportunity, through global stimulus and recovery responses to the COVID-19 crisis, to reset and rebuild economic activities in ways that will ensure a more sustainable, equitable and resilient ocean economy fit for everyone’s future. This report provides a roadmap to achieve this vision.
The Ocean Genome: Conservation and the Fair, Equitable and Sustainable Use of Marine Genetic Resources
Authors: Blasiak Robert , Wynberg Rachel , Grorud-Colvert Kirsten , Thambisetty Siva , Bandarra Narcisa M. , Canário Adelino V. M. , Silva Jessica da , Duarte Carlos M. , Jaspars Marcel , Rogers Alex D. , Sink Kerry , Wabnitz Colette C. C.
Published: May 2023

The ‘ocean genome’ is the foundation upon which all marine ecosystems rest and is defined here as the ensemble of genetic material present in all marine biodiversity, including both the physical genes and the information they encode. The dynamics of the ocean genome enable organisms to adapt to diverse ecological niches and changing environmental conditions. The ocean genome also determines the productivity and resilience of biological resources, including fisheries and aquaculture, which collectively support global food security, human well-being and a sustainable ocean economy.
National Accounting for the Ocean and Ocean Economy
Authors: Fenichel Eli P. , Milligan Ben , Porras Ina , Addicott Ethan T. , Árnasson Ragnar , Bordt Michael , Djavidnia Samy , Dvarskas Anthony , Goldman Erica , Grimsrud Kristin , Lange Glenn-Marie , Matuszak John , Muawanah Umi , Quaas Martin , Soulard François , Vestergaard Niels , Zhang Junjie
Published: May 2023

Realising the goal of the High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy (Ocean Panel) to catalyse the transition to a sustainable ocean economy depends on coordinating and managing humanity’s relationship with the ocean and the broader environment. This task requires organising information that currently is often disorganised, spread across multiple government agencies or in a few cases not yet available. National ocean accounts would provide countries with the information needed to guide ambitious and broad- based plans to develop ocean economies and to capitalise on marine opportunities (European Union Directorate-General of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries and Joint Research Centre 2018; Economist Intelligence Unit 2015), while protecting the ocean for generations to come in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals, most notably SDG 14, ‘Life below Water’. The ‘blue-ing’ of the ocean economy—or making the ocean economy sustainable—requires ensuring that the ocean continues to provide at least the current levels of opportunity; ‘measuring the ocean economy gives a country a first-order understanding of the economic importance of the seas’ (Economist Intelligence Unit 2015). The old adage goes that ‘what gets measured, gets managed’, or more accurately, that ‘if you cannot measure it, you cannot improve it’. Sound decision- making requires organised information.
Theoretical Foundations and a Transdisciplinary Concept of Hope
Authors: Krafft Andreas M. , Guse Tharina , Slezackova Alena
Published: May 2023

The current chapter has the primary purpose of laying the theoretical grounds on which the cross-cultural empirical research program of the Hope Barometer between 2017 and 2021 was developed and executed. The two main goals of this chapter correspond to the inter- and transdisciplinary methodology applied in our work. The first goal is to give a brief interdisciplinary overview of psychological, philosophical, and theological theories presenting different perspectives from which the existential phenomenon of hope has been studied. Following previous research, hope will be examined along six general dimensions, which highlight the nature of hope as cognition, as affect, as behavior, as a social phenomenon, as a virtue, and from a religious perspective. Based on the similarities and complementary views of these different conceptualizations of hope, a basic transdisciplinary concept or model of hope will be presented. The proposed concept should do justice to the essence of hope, taking into account the diversity of situations in which people might hope and being sensitive to different cultural backgrounds. Our conceptualization of hope contains three fundamental elements, which are (1) a wish or desire for a valuable good, (2) the belief that the realization of this wish is possible but uncertain or even unlikely, and (3) the trust in the availability of current or future internal and external resources which can facilitate the fulfillment of the hoped-for good in the face of obstacles and setbacks. We understand wish, belief, and trust as the universal elements in the process of hoping. In concrete situations and different cultural contexts, these three elements can assume different forms and characteristics related to those mentioned above cognitive, affective, behavioral, social, religious, and value dimensions. The singular elements and dimensions serve as the core research domains, which will be elaborated on in detail in the following chapters of the book.
The isospin-3 three-particle K-matrix at NLO in ChPT
Authors: Baeza-Ballesteros Jorge , Bijnens Johan , Husek Tomáš , Romero-López Fernando , Sharpe Stephen R. , Sjö Mattias
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The three-particle K-matrix, $$ {\mathcal{K}}_{\textrm{df},3} $$

K

df
,
3

, is a scheme-dependent quantity that parametrizes short-range three-particle interactions in the relativistic-field-theory three-particle finite-volume formalism. In this work, we compute its value for systems of three pions at maximal isospin through next-to-leading order (NLO) in Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT). We compare the values to existing lattice QCD results and find that the agreement between lattice QCD data and ChPT in the first two coefficients of the threshold expansion of $$ {\mathcal{K}}_{\textrm{df},3} $$

K

df
,
3

is significantly improved with respect to leading order once NLO effects are incorporated.
Evaluation of miRNA-16–2-3P, miRNA-618 levels and their diagnostic and prognostic value in the regulation of immune response during SARS Cov-2 infection
Authors: Hassan Nourelhoda E. , Moselhy Walaa A. , Eldomany Ehab B. , Kholef Emad Farah Mohamad
Published: May 2023

Following the announcement of the pandemic of COVID-19 in December 2019, several studies focused on how to early predict the severity of the disease in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Many cytokines including interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrotic factors have been concluded as strong indicators for COVID-19 infection. Additionally, miRNAs have been associated with dysregulation in the immune system. The aim of this study are the following: (1) to estimate the level of miRNA-16–2-3P, miRNA-618, IL-8, IL-1β as predictors for SARS-CoV-2 complications in PCR negative and positive patients; (2) to assess the biological role and effect of these miRNAs on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. Our study showed that the level of IL-1β had been significantly associated with patient who need hospitalization, also the alteration of the level of miRNA-16–2-3P, miRNA-618 is positively correlated with the admission of these patients and influence the outcomes of SARS-cov-2 infection. Measurement of miRNA-16–2-3P, miRNA-618, IL-1β could be a good predictor of COVID-19 patient outcome. However the measurement of IL-8 levels during immune responses in the admitted and in ICU patients could have a prognostic value.
Enhanced HPV16 E6/E7+ tumor eradication via induction of tumor-specific T cells by therapeutic vaccination with virosomes presenting synthetic long peptides
Authors: Stegmann Toon , Wiekmeijer Anna-Sophia , Kwappenberg Kitty , van Duikeren Suzanne , Bhoelan Farien , Bemelman Denzel , Beenakker Thomas J. M. , Krebber Willem-Jan , Arens Ramon , Melief Cornelis J. M.
Published: May 2023

Therapeutic cancer vaccines trigger CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses capable of established tumor eradication. Current platforms include DNA, mRNA and synthetic long peptide (SLP) vaccines, all aiming at robust T cell responses. SLPs linked to the Amplivant® adjuvant (Amplivant-SLP) have shown effective delivery to dendritic cells, resulting in improved immunogenicity in mice. We have now tested virosomes as a delivery vehicle for SLPs. Virosomes are nanoparticles made from influenza virus membranes and have been used as vaccines for a variety of antigens. Amplivant-SLP virosomes induced the expansion of more antigen-specific CD8 + T memory cells in ex vivo experiments with human PBMCs than Amplivant-SLP conjugates alone. The immune response could be further improved by including the adjuvants QS-21 and 3D-PHAD in the virosomal membrane. In these experiments, the SLPs were anchored in the membrane through the hydrophobic Amplivant adjuvant. In a therapeutic mouse model of HPV16 E6/E7+ cancer, mice were vaccinated with virosomes loaded with either Amplivant-conjugated SLPs or lipid-coupled SLPs. Vaccination with both types of virosomes significantly improved the control of tumor outgrowth, leading to elimination of the tumors in about half the animals for the best combinations of adjuvants and to their survival beyond 100 days.
Flatfoot over the centuries: the background of current conservative and operative treatments
Authors: Biz Carlo , Cerchiaro Mariachiara , Mori Fabiana , Rossin Alessandro , Ponticiello Mattia , Crimì Alberto , Ruggieri Pietro
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Although flatfoot is a widespread human condition, historical medical texts and ancient illustrations on this deformity are extremely rare. Nowadays, doubts regarding its management remain unsolved. This historical review aims to identify the presence of pes planus since the prehistoric era and examine the treatments proposed over the centuries up to the present.

Method

For this propose, we performed an extensive electronic search of the relevant literature, complemented by a manual search of additional sources from archaeological to artistic, literary, historical, and scientific accounts, describing flatfoot and its treatment in different eras.

Results

Flatfoot accompanied the evolutionary timeline of human species: from Lucy Australopithecus to Homo Sapiens. It was described among various diseases suffered by Tutankhamun (1343–1324 B.C.), while the first anatomical description dates to Emperor Trajan (53–117 A.D.) and the medical studies of Galen (129–201 A.D.). It was also represented in the anatomical drawings of Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) and Girolamo Fabrici d'Acquapendente (1533–1619). Historically, the conservative treatment by insoles was the only one proposed until the nineteenth century. Since then, the most popular surgical procedures performed for correction have been osteotomies, arthrodesis, arthrorisis, and tendon lengthening and transfer.

Conclusion

During the centuries, conservative therapeutic strategies have not radically changed in their substance, while operative ones have become the protagonists during the twentieth century up to the present. Nevertheless, after more than 2000 years of history, there is no consensus regarding the best indication for the flatfoot and if it really needs to be treated.
Fins, fur, and wings: the study of Tmem161b across species, and what it tells us about its function in the heart
Authors: Smith Kelly A. , Dominado Nicole , Briffa Jessica F.
Published: May 2023

Transmembrane protein 161b (Tmem161b) was recently identified in multiple high-through-put phenotypic screens, including in fly, zebrafish, and mouse. In zebrafish, Tmem161b was identified as an essential regulator of cardiac rhythm. In mouse, Tmem161b shows conserved function in regulating cardiac rhythm but has also been shown to impact cardiac morphology. Homozygous or heterozygous missense mutations have also recently been reported for TMEM161B in patients with structural brain malformations, although its significance in the human heart remains to be determined. Across the three model organisms studied to date (fly, fish, and mouse), Tmem161b loss of function is implicated in intracellular calcium ion handling, which may explain the diverse phenotypes observed. This review summarises the current knowledge of this conserved and functionally essential protein in the context of cardiac biology.
Performance analysis of gallium nitride-based DH-HEMT with polarization-graded AlGaN back-barrier layer
Authors: Kalita Sanjib , Awadhiya Bhaskar , Changmai Papul
Published: May 2023

In this paper, polarization-graded AlGaN back-barrier nanolayer has been introduced to improve the DC and RF parameters of gallium nitride-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMT). To explore the characteristics, both graded and non-graded double heterojunction high electron mobility transistor (DH-HEMT) structures are optimized using SILVACO-ATLAS physical simulator. Enhanced DC and RF parameters have been observed in the optimized graded DH-HEMT. In this paper, we have also studied the development of the quantum wells at the AlGaN/GaN interfaces due to the conduction band discontinuity in both structures.