bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Dual‐Ion Batteries beyond Li
Authors: Zhao Zhiming , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: November 2023

The limitations of resources used in current Li‐ion batteries may hinder their widespread use in grid‐scale energy storage systems, prompting the search for low‐cost and resource‐abundant alternatives. “Beyond‐Li cation” batteries have emerged as promising contenders; however, they confront noteworthy challenges due to the scarcity of suitable host materials for these cations. In contrast, anions, the other crucial component in electrolytes, demonstrate reversible intercalation capacity in specific materials like graphite. The convergence of anion and cation storage has given rise to a new battery technology known as dual‐ion batteries (DIBs). This comprehensive review presents the current status, advancements, and future prospects of sustainable DIBs beyond Li. Notably, most DIBs exhibit similar cathode reaction mechanisms involving anion intercalation, while the distinguishing factor lies in the cation types functioning at the anode. Accordingly, the review is organized into sections by various cation types, including Na‐, K‐, Mg‐, Zn‐, Ca‐, Al‐, NH4+‐, and proton‐based DIBs. Moreover, a perspective on these novel DIBs is presented, along with proposed protocols for investigating DIBs and promising future research directions. It is envisioned that this review will inspire fresh concepts, ideas, and research directions, while raising important questions to further tailor and understand sustainable DIBs, ultimately facilitating their practical realization.
Tuneable Permeability to H2, CO2, He, and Ar in Graphene Oxide−PDDA Self‐Assembled Multilayers, Yielding Good Selectivity at High Flux
Authors: Foli Giacomo , Kovtun Alessandro , Liscio Fabiola , Battaglini Elena , Ligi Simone , Fiorini Maurizio , Minelli Matteo , Palermo Vincenzo
Published: November 2023

Today, the most effective and suitable method to obtain molecular H2 is the extraction from mixtures where it is present, using gas‐sieving membranes. To this aim, the preparation and characterization of layered nano‐composites are described, made of alternated layers of positively charged Poly(Diallyl Dimethyl Ammonium chloride) (PDDA) and negatively charged graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets with high and tunable selectivity for H2 purification. The composites are assembled exploiting electrostatic interactions and the layer‐by‐layer technique; this study correlates permeance tests with changes in chemical composition and structure of the material using X‐rays Photoelectron Spectroscopy, X‐rays diffraction water contact angle, and surface zeta‐potential measurements. Thanks to its layered nature, the GO‐PDDA composite shows an excellent selectivity, allowing faster permeation of H2 as compared to CO2 and Argon. By transforming the GO to reduced GO, the porosity of the nanosheets can be further increased, in this way increasing the permeance of the material and its selectivity at the same time, thus allowing to overcome the Robeson limit, the technological upper boundary to the performance of actual membranes.
Wirelessly Actuated Ciliary Airway Stent for Excessive Mucus Transportation
Authors: Wang Yusheng , Sharma Saksham , Maldonado Fabien , Dong Xiaoguang
Published: November 2023

Small‐scale cilia‐like devices that can manipulate fluids in narrow spaces have great potential in microfluidics, biomechanics, biomedical engineering, and other applications. However, prior studies mostly focus on artificial cilia for pumping fluids in lab‐on‐a‐chip microfluidic applications. The design and control of artificial cilia for transporting viscous mucus in confined and tubular structures remain challenging and medical devices such as airway stents with ciliary function are still missing. Herein, a method is reported that enables integrating artificial cilia arrays on 3D curved surfaces and an airway ciliary stent is presented for excessive mucus transportation. The method allows encoding bioinspired non‐reciprocal motion and metachronal waves for efficient fluid pumping in tubular structures. The method also introduces a lubricant hydrogel coating layer on artificial cilia inspired by the periciliary layer in airway cilia, which further enhances viscous fluid transportation. It is demonstrated that a novel ciliary airway stent can transport viscous porcine mucus in a lung phantom even faster than the respiratory cilia in a healthy human lung. The methods of designing, integrating, and controlling artificial cilia on 3D curved surfaces thus enable the unprecedented function of removing excessive mucus beyond traditional airway stents for treating various lung diseases in a minimally invasive manner.
Highly Transparent and Stable Flexible Electrodes Based on MgO/AgNW Nanocomposites for Transparent Heating Applications
Authors: Sekkat Abderrahime , Papanastasiou Dorina T. , Ghani Maheera Abdul , Roussel Hervé , Weber Matthieu , Rapenne Laetitia , Jiménez Carmen , Muñoz‐Rojas David , Bellet Daniel
Published: November 2023

Transparent electrodes (TE) based on silver nanowire (AgNW) exhibit good physical properties and constitute a promising alternative to transparent conductive oxides due to their low cost, flexibility, and low toxicity. Nevertheless, they suffer from stability issues over harsh conditions, and encapsulation allows to overcome these limitations. Herein, the low‐cost, scalable fabrication and study of transparent electrodes based on sprayed AgNW networks coated with MgO thin films deposited by atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposition (AP‐SALD) at mild deposition temperature (≤220 °C) is reported. Fabrication of MgO thin films by AP‐SALD is reported here for the first time, and their deposition on different substrates is optimized. MgO exhibits a pure phase and conformal growth with a preferential (220) crystalline orientation and a higher growth rate as compared to conventional atomic layer deposition (ALD). Furthermore, thanks to the conformal coating of MgO on AgNW, the obtained nanocomposites exhibit great optical transparency of ≈85% and flexibility while maintaining high stability under thermal and electrical stress. Indeed, this study shows a clear enhancement of the stability of AgNW networks for thin MgO coatings of only a few nanometers thick. Finally, a proof‐of‐concept transparent heater is fabricated to melt a piece of cheese.
Activated Drp1 Initiates the Formation of Endoplasmic Reticulum‐Mitochondrial Contacts via Shrm4‐Mediated Actin Bundling
Authors: Duan Chenyang , Liu Ruixue , Kuang Lei , Zhang Zisen , Hou Dongyao , Zheng Danyang , Xiang Xinming , Huang He , Liu Liangming , Li Tao
Published: November 2023

Excessive mitochondrial fission following ischemia and hypoxia relies on the formation of contacts between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria (ER‐Mito); however, the specific mechanisms behind this process remain unclear. Confocal microscopy and time course recording are used to investigate how ischemia and hypoxia affect the activation of dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1), a protein central to mitochondrial dynamics, ER‐Mito interactions, and the consequences of modifying the expression of Drp1, shroom (Shrm) 4, and inverted formin (INF) 2 on ER‐Mito contact establishment. Both Drp1 activation and ER‐Mito contact initiation cause excessive mitochondrial fission and dysfunction under ischemic‐hypoxic conditions. The activated form of Drp1 aids in ER‐Mito contact initiation by recruiting Shrm4 and promoting actin bundling between the ER and mitochondria. This process relies on the structural interplay between INF2 and scattered F‐actin on the ER. This study uncovers new roles of cytoplasmic Drp1, providing valuable insights for devising strategies to manage mitochondrial imbalances in the context of ischemic‐hypoxic injury.
BLAST: A Wafer‐Scale Transfer Process for Heterogeneous Integration of Optics and Electronics
Authors: Ji Yanxin , Cortese Alejandro J. , Smart Conrad L. , Molnar Alyosha C. , McEuen Paul L.
Published: November 2023

A general transfer method is presented for the heterogeneous integration of different photonic and electronic materials systems and devices into a single substrate. Called BLAST, for Bond, Lift, Align, and Slide Transfer, the process works at wafer scale and offers precision alignment, high yield, varying topographies, and suitability for subsequent lithographic processing. BLAST's capabilities is demonstrated by integrating both GaAs and GaN µLEDs with silicon photovoltaics to fabricate optical wireless integrated circuits that up‐convert photons from the red to the blue. The study also shows that BLAST can be applied to a variety of other devices and substrates, including CMOS electronics, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), and 2D materials. BLAST further enables the modularization of optoelectronic microsystems, where optical devices fabricated on one material substrate can be lithographically integrated with electronic devices on a different substrate in a scalable process.
Pulsed I–V Analysis of Slow Domain Switching in Ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Using Graphene FETs
Authors: Hwang Hyeon Jun , Kim Seung Mo , Lee Byoung Hun
Published: November 2023

In this study, the domain switching mechanism of ferroelectric HZO thin films is investigated by analyzing the bulk charge of a graphene field‐effect transistor with an HZO dielectric device by using a pulsed IV measurement method. The domain switching speed, which is generally difficult to observe from a typical DC‐IV analysis of metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors using a parameter analyzer, is investigated via the fast pulsed IV analysis method. Based on the measurements, most of the ferroelectric HZO domains are fast switched within 100 ns; however, domains that require a longer switching time in the order of 1 ms are also identified. Short pulses can be continuously applied to minimize the influence of other domains that are not switched by the switched domain. The feasibility of partial switching of the domains, which can be utilized for the multi‐functional operation of ferroelectric HZO devices, is observed. The results suggest that further investigation of the physical properties of slow‐switching domains is necessary to develop future synaptic array applications.
Gate‐controlled Multispectral Response in Graphene‐Based Heterostructure Photodetector
Authors: Dat Vu Khac , Hong Chengyun , Tran Minh Dao , Chau Tuan Khanh , Do Van Dam , Tran Trang Thu , Nguyen Minh Chien , Duong Hai Phuong , Oh Saejin , Yu Woo Jong , Kim Jeongyong , Kim Ji‐Hee
Published: November 2023

Multispectral photodetectors are crucial for detecting light across a wide wavelength range, serving applications requiring precise wavelength specificity and spectral imaging capabilities. However, the development of these photodetectors is hindered by several challenges, including material compatibility issues, low responsivity, the complexity of signal processing, and precise bandgap engineering. A strategy is proposed using a MoS2‐graphene photodetector to address these issues. Gate‐tunable spectral responses are achieved in a graphene photodetector by utilizing carrier transfer from MoS2 and interfacial gating effects from a SiO2/p‐doped Si substrate. Precise gate bias manipulation enables selective photocurrent capture in the range of 500–680 nm, identical to the absorption of MoS2. Furthermore, by applying a highly negative gate bias, photocurrent signals below the MoS2 bandgap, i.e., in the 680–800 nm region, are detected, significantly provoking broadband photodetection. The results highlight the versatility of gate‐tunable multispectral response, leading to an exceptional responsivity of up to 1.4  ×  105 mA W−1. Moreover, through the precise modulation of gate bias and incident wavelength, it seamlessly switches between negative and positive photocurrents. This study provides important insight into carrier photogeneration in sensitized graphene‐based multifunctional optoelectronic devices, establishing a versatile platform for detecting a broad range of photocurrents with a single detector.
Hole‐Mediated RKKY Interaction in 2D Ferromagnetic CrTe2 Ultra‐Thin Films
Authors: Wang Jin , Xu Yongkang , Wang Shuanghai , Dai Xingze , Yan Pengfei , Zhou Jian , Wang Ruifeng , Xu Yongbing , He Liang
Published: November 2023

The rapid development of 2D magnetic materials has opened new possibilities in the field of spintronics. CrTe2, a 2D material with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and ferromagnetic transient temperature near room temperature, holds promise for various applications. However, the underlying mechanism responsible for its global magnetism remains unclear. This work focuses on investigating the magneto‐transport properties of ultra‐thin CrTe2 Field Effect Transistor (FET) under the influence of top gate biases. The application of gate voltage ranging from 25 to −15 V tunes its coercivity (HC) and Curie temperature (TC) (from 152 to 191 K). Notably, a linear correlation is observed between the TC and the hole concentration () in the CrTe2 film, indicating the involvement of the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida interaction. This experimental analysis sheds light on the mechanism of the CrTe2’s ferromagnetism and paves the way for future advancements and applications in this material.
Improving the Uniformity of Top Emitting Organic Light Emitting Diodes Using a Hybrid Electrode Structure
Authors: Riahi Mina , Yoshida Kou , Hafeez Hassan , Samuel Ifor D. W.
Published: November 2023

Some applications of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) require large area, high light output, and high uniformity. It is difficult to achieve these attributes simultaneously because of voltage drops in the contacts, which cannot easily satisfy high optical transparency and electrical conductivity simultaneously. In large area OLEDs, thin electrodes with high sheet resistance induce voltage drops across the devices, leading to non‐uniform distribution of light. However, thick electrodes with low sheet resistance decrease the light output due to low transmittance. To overcome this trade‐off, a multilayer hybrid electrode based on Ag (20 nm)/WO3/Ag (20 nm)/WO3 is designed to obtain high electrical conductance with low optical loss. Compared to conventional devices using a single Ag (40 nm) top electrode, there is a considerable increase in the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the device using this electrode (from 11.5% to 25.5% at 1000 cd m−2), while maintaining similar sheet resistance. In addition, a large area (≈57 cm2) OLED with the hybrid electrode demonstrates a luminance uniformity of 77% as compared to a device using single silver electrode with uniformity of 66%. Therefore, the proposed Ag/WO3/Ag/WO3 hybrid electrode is a promising choice for the fabrication of efficient and uniform large‐area OLEDs.
Unraveling the mechanism and kinetics of aerobic Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone
Authors: Wang Jiexiang , Chen Xiaoling , Sim Ley Boon , Guan Lei , He Xiaoqi , Zhou Xiantai , Chen Binghui
Published: November 2023

This study explores the aerobic Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone into ε‐caprolactone using metalloporphyrin and benzaldehyde, a greener process to replace hazardous concentrated peroxyacid. The reaction mechanism involves a series of free radical reactions, identified through in situ EPR. In this complex three‐component reaction, we developed an intrinsic kinetic model based on the proposed mechanism. Utilizing a hyperbolic equation, the model well fits experimental data, describing biomimetic catalytic behavior of the aerobic Baeyer–Villiger oxidation. The reaction orders for the three reactants corroborate the kinetic model, with the activation energy of oxygen (130.27 kJ/mol) surpassing cyclohexanone (94.85 kJ/mol) and benzaldehyde (40.73 kJ/mol), implying slow initial oxygen activation while rapid subsequent benzaldehyde oxidation, making oxygen transfer and activation key steps. This unified approach to elementary reaction, mechanism, and intrinsic kinetics provides robust forecasts and lays the groundwork for additional studies, such as side reactions control and mass transfer enhancement and reactor design.
A finite‐discrete element model for simulating collision and fragmentation of nanoparticle agglomerates
Authors: Zhang Zuyang , Liu Daoyin
Published: November 2023

The fragmentation/adhesion behavior of nanoparticle agglomerate collision, which is challenging to model, is a crucial factor affecting fluidization. In this study, a discrete‐finite element method (FDEM) based cohesive crack model is developed to simulate normal collisions between a complex agglomerate (around 1 mm) and a wall. In the FDEM model, the complex agglomerate is built from primary agglomerates (around a few micrometers), whose adhesive force and Young's modulus are measured by an atomic force microscope (AFM). The simulation results including fragmentation morphology and plastic deformation agree well with the collision experiments. Finally, the sensitivity of the model is tested, including adhesive force, solid holdup, and Young's modulus. Fragment distribution is found to fit well with a two‐parameter Weibull function and damage ratio is found to have a polynomial relation with a modified Weber number. The model output shows a potential to be utilized in macroscopic model.
Photo‐induced Multiphasic Reactions in Flow Process: A Decade of Progress
Authors: Kim Sohyeon , Suh Hyena , Park Boyoung Y.
Published: November 2023

This review explores photo‐induced multiphasic reactions in flow processes developed in the last decade, with a focus on sustainable and green synthetic methodologies in pharmaceuticals and fine chemistry. It highlights the use of light‐mediated photochemistry and multiphasic reactions for eco‐friendly synthesis. The integration of these processes in flow systems demonstrates potential for enhanced synergistic effects, and the review discusses examples of two‐phase and three‐phase reactions utilizing light as an energy source.
Polyarylene ether nitrile/divinyl siloxane‐bisbenzocyclobutene composite films: Curing reaction and thermal/mechanical/dielectric properties
Authors: He Liang , Liu Xiaobo , Tong Lifen
Published: November 2023

Polymer dielectrics, are commonly used as insulating materials for electronic products. Light weight, good mechanical properties and high thermal conductivity are important properties. However, electrical and thermal parameters are interrelated, and it is challenging to have a dielectric polymer that is also resistant to high temperatures and high thermal conductivity. Hence, high‐performance composite films were prepared by the method of post‐solid phase chemical reaction using polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) and divinyl siloxane‐bisbenzocyclobutene (BCB) as raw materials. First, parameters of the curing reaction were determined by rheological and activation energy calculations. Then, through adjusting the content of BCB resin and treatment temperature, the performance of PEN/BCB composites could be tuned. Thermal properties have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, and hot‐disk method. Here, the PEN/BCB composite electric insulating materials with outstanding thermal performance (Tg: 208–400°C, T5%: 469–544°C, thermal conductivity: 1.270–2.215 W/m K). Besides, its mechanical and dielectric properties were investigated in detail. It is noteworthy that the tensile strength of composite film can exceed a maximum of 130 MPa, which is 23.19% higher compared to the untreated one. Also, PEN/BCB composites own low dielectric constant (2.27–4.08 at 1 KHz), and the relationship between frequency or a wide temperature range and dielectric constant/loss is stable. Thus, it has a greater potential for applications in electronics in high‐temperature environments.
Organic–inorganic interface enhancement for boosting mechanical and tribological performances of carbon fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Ma Shanshan , Fei Jie , Yan Jifeng , Liu Longqi , Huang Qiyue , Zhou Man , Li Hejun
Published: November 2023

The limitation in the poor interface would severely affect the further development and application of carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP). Unique organic–inorganic hybrid architectures of MOF‐5‐NH2 and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were established on the fiber/matrix interphase for promoting mechanical and tribological performances of the composites. The existence of above interfacial reinforced structure was in favor of generating abundant micromechanical interaction sites for enhancing mechanical interlocking. Meanwhile, high‐density chemical crosslinking networks played a positive role in elevating interfacial adhesion, further relieving stress concentration and hindering crack propagation. The tensile strength of CFRP‐2, CFRP‐3, CFRP‐4, and CFRP‐5 exhibited a significant rising of 27.18%, 30.64%, 27.75%, and 36.88%, respectively. The friction coefficient of MOF‐5‐NH2/CMC modified sample increased from 0.0953 to 0.1219, while the drop in the wear rate of the composites achieved 68.51%. This work provides an effective method for achieving the structure–function integrated design of composite materials according to the organic–inorganic interface enhancement of MOF‐5‐NH2/CMC.
Association of Somatic TET2 Mutations With Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Robinette Michelle L. , Weeks Lachelle D. , Kramer Ryan J. , Agrawal Mridul , Gibson Christopher J. , Yu Zhi , Sekar Aswin , Mehta Arnav , Niroula Abhishek , Brown Jared T. , McDermott Gregory C. , Reshef Edith R. , Lu Jonathan E. , Liou Victor D. , Chiou Carolina A. , Natarajan Pradeep , Freitag Suzanne K. , Rao Deepak A. , Ebert Benjamin L.
Published: November 2023

Objective

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an age‐related vasculitis. Prior studies have identified an association between GCA and hematologic malignancies (HMs). How the presence of somatic mutations that drive the development of HMs, or clonal hematopoiesis (CH), may influence clinical outcomes in GCA is not well understood.

Methods

To examine an association between CH and GCA, we analyzed sequenced exomes of 470,960 UK Biobank (UKB) participants for the presence of CH and used multivariable Cox regression. To examine the clinical phenotype of GCA in patients with and without somatic mutations across the spectrum of CH to HM, we performed targeted sequencing of blood samples and electronic health record review on 114 patients with GCA seen at our institution. We then examined associations between specific clonal mutations and GCA disease manifestations.

Results

UKB participants with CH had a 1.48‐fold increased risk of incident GCA compared to UKB participants without CH. GCA risk was highest among individuals with cytopenia (hazard ratio [HR] 2.98, P = 0.00178) and with TET2 mutation (HR 2.02, P = 0.00116). Mutations were detected in 27.2% of our institutional GCA cohort, three of whom had HM at GCA diagnosis. TET2 mutations were associated with vision loss in patients with GCA (odds ratio 4.33, P = 0.047).

Conclusions

CH increases risk for development of GCA in a genotype‐specific manner, with the greatest risk being conferred by the presence of mutations in TET2. Somatic TET2 mutations likewise increase the risk of GCA‐associated vision loss. Integration of somatic genetic testing in GCA diagnostics may be warranted in the future.
Enamine/Iminium‐based Dual Organocatalytic Systems for Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis
Authors: Gambhir Diksha , Singh Sanjay , Singh Ravi P.
Published: November 2023

The rational combination of two catalysts to expedite the construction of chiral complex biologically and pharmacologically relevant chiral compounds has widely gained momentum over the past decade. In particular, enamine or iminium catalysis ensuing from the activation of aldehyde or ketone by chiral amine catalysts in conjugation with other organocatalytic cycles has facilitated several asymmetric transformations to yield the enantioenriched products. Regardless of the considerable discussion on the various dual catalytic approaches, literature lacks a comprehensive review focusing on the enamine and iminium‐based dual organocatalytic systems. Thus, this review article has discussed the noteworthy achievements in the field of asymmetric catalysis and synthesis catalyzed by the enamine and iminium‐based dual organocatalytic systems.
Carbonylative ring expansion of oxetane into γ‐butyrolactone using bimetallic cobaltate catalysts: Insight into the deactivation mechanism
Authors: Ganesan Vinothkumar , Yoon Sungho
Published: November 2023

γ‐butyrolactones and their derivatives serve as the fundamental building blocks for a wide range of biologically significant and synthetically challenging natural products, which find extensive applications in various high‐demand chemicals. In this study, we have successfully established a facile and atom‐efficient synthesis of γ‐butyrolactones through the carbonylative ring expansion of oxetanes. We employed both homogeneous and heterogenized bimetallic catalysts ([HCP‐TPPM][Co(CO)4], where HCP refers to hyper cross‐linked polymer and TPP denotes tetraphenylporphyrin, with M = Cr3+ and Al3+). While the homogeneous catalysts exhibited remarkable activity, the heterogeneous catalysts offered the distinct advantages of facilitating product separation and enabling catalyst recycling. Notably, during the catalyst recycling studies, we observed a decrease in catalytic activity attributed to cobaltate leaching. The hypothesis of cobaltate leaching through β‐hydrogen elimination was validated by comparative studies using substrates with and without β‐hydrogen in both batch and continuous flow catalytic processes.
fNIRS‐based evaluation of the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection central auditory processing
Authors: Yaman Handan , Yılmaz Oğuz , Hanoğlu Lütfü , Bayazıt Yıldırım
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Coronavirus disease‐2019 due to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has been associated with neurological and neuropsychiatric illnesses as well as auditory system problems. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on the central auditory system by assessing the hemodynamic activation changes using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Methods

Three participants who had SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (study group) and four participants who had no SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (control group) were included in the study. During the auditory oddball task in which two different frequencies of tonal stimulation were presented at 80 dB HL, the participants were asked to pay attention to the rare tonal stimulation and mentally count these target stimuli throughout the task. During this task, oxygenated hemodynamic response functions were evaluated with fNIRS.

Results

Significantly increased oxygenated hemodynamic responses were observed in both groups during the task (p < .05), which was significantly higher in the study group (p < .05). Significantly more HbO activation was observed in the vmPFC, superior temporal gyrus, and medial temporal gyrus in the study group compared to controls (p < .05). Significantly higher hemodynamic activation was observed in the right hemisphere in both groups, which was significantly higher in the study group (p < .05).

Conclusion

SARS‐CoV‐2 infections may impact on central auditory processing or auditory attention due to changes in oxyhemoglobin levels in the frontal and temporal brain regions. It seems that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is associated with an additional load on neural activity, and difficulties in focusing in auditory attention, following speech and hearing in noise as well as increased effort to perceive auditory cues.
Effects of physical activity and exercise on Nucleobindin‐2 gene expression and Nesfatin‐1 concentration: A rapid review
Authors: Rahmati Saleh , Mohammadi Behnam , Karimi‐Mehr Zahra , Broom David Robert
Published: November 2023

The aim of this rapid review is to examine the research evidence that presents the effects of physical activity and exercise on Nucleobindin‐2 (NUCB2) gene expression and Nesfatin‐1 concentration. Five databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley, and Google Scholar) were searched for eligible studies from the earliest available date to August 2023. In human studies, Nesfatin‐1 concentration either remains unchanged or increases after exercise training. It appears that higher exercise intensity and longer duration of training accentuate the increase of blood Nesfatin‐1 concentration. The few human studies that have examined the acute response of exercise on Nesfatin‐1 concentration from blood draws show conflicting results. There is a severe lack of biopsy studies in humans which warrants attention. All published animal studies have used the mouse model. The majority show that regular exercise training increases tissue NUCB2/Nesfatin‐1. In some animal studies, where the effects of exercise on tissue Nesfatin‐1 concentration has been seen as significant, there has been no significant effect of exercise on plasma Nesfatin‐1 concentration. All animal studies evaluated the effect of endurance training except one which used resistance training. No animal studies have investigated the effects of acute exercise, which warrants investigation. In conclusion, human and animal studies have shown that physical training can increase NUCB2/Nesfatin‐1, but research evidence examining the effect of acute exercise is in its infancy. In addition, future comparative studies are needed to compare the effects of different training protocols on NUCB2/Nesfatin‐1 in humans and animals.
Computational Design of α‐Conotoxins to Target Specific Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtypes
Authors: Wu Xiaosa , Hone Arik J. , Huang Yen‐Hua , Clark Richard J. , McIntosh J. Michael , Kaas Quentin , Craik David J.
Published: November 2023

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are drug targets for neurological diseases and disorders, but selective targeting of the large number of nAChR subtypes is challenging. Marine cone snail α‐conotoxins are potent blockers of nAChRs and some have been engineered to achieve subtype selectivity. This engineering effort would benefit from rapid computational methods able to predict mutational energies, but current approaches typically require high‐resolution experimental structures, which are not widely available for α‐conotoxin complexes. Herein, five mutational energy prediction methods were benchmarked using crystallographic and mutational data on two acetylcholine binding protein/α‐conotoxin systems. Molecular models were developed for six nAChR subtypes in complex with five α‐conotoxins that were studied through 150 substitutions. The best method was a combination of FoldX and molecular dynamics simulations, resulting in a predictive Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.68 (85 % accuracy). Novel α‐conotoxin mutants designed using this method were successfully validated by experimental assay with improved pharmaceutical properties. This work paves the way for the rapid design of subtype‐specific nAChR ligands and potentially accelerated drug development.
Hierarchical Porous Activated Carbon from Wheat Bran Agro‐Waste: Applications in Carbon Dioxide Capture, Dye Removal, Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Koli Amruta , Kumar Abhishek , Pattanshetti Akshata , Supale Amit , Garadkar Kalyanrao , Shen Jian , Shaikh Jasmin , Praserthdam Supareak , Motkuri Radha Kishan , Sabale Sandip
Published: November 2023

This work reports an efficient method for facile synthesis of hierarchically porous carbon (WB‐AC) utilizing wheat bran waste. Obtained carbon showed 2.47 mmol g−1 CO2 capture capacity with good CO2/N2 selectivity and 27.35 to 29.90 kJ mol−1 isosteric heat of adsorption. Rapid removal of MO dye was observed with a capacity of ~555 mg g−1. Moreover, WB‐AC demonstrated a good OER activity with 0.35 V low overpotential at 5 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 115 mV dec−1. It also exhibited high electrocatalytic HER activity with 57 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 82.6 mV dec−1. The large SSA (757 m2 g−1) and total pore volume (0.3696 cm3 g−1) result from N2 activation contributing to selective CO2 uptake, high and rapid dye removal capacity and superior electrochemical activity (OER/HER), suggesting the use of WB‐AC as cost effective adsorbent and metal free electrocatalyst.
Does corporate social responsibility drive financial performance? Exploring the significance of green innovation, green dynamic capabilities, and perceived environmental volatility
Authors: Aftab Junaid , Abid Nabila , Sarwar Huma , Amin Anam , Abedini Mahsa , Veneziani Monica
Published: November 2023

Environmental success can only become a reality when the financial goals of firms are not compromised. Based on this proposition, the study aimed to investigate four relationships, including the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on financial performance, mediation of green dynamic capabilities (GDCs) between CSR and green innovation (GI), mediation of GI between CSR and financial performance, and moderation of perceived environmental volatility in GI and financial performance nexus. A sample of 655 manufacturing firms was collected from Pakistan to test the proposed hypotheses, and structural equation modeling was conducted. The results demonstrate a positive significant influence of CSR on financial performance. In addition, the mediation of GDCs and GI has also been confirmed. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that high environmental volatility weakens the GI and financial performance nexus. The study results offer unique contributions to the literature and interesting suggestions for practicing emerging economy managers.
Structural Changes to the Gd‐DTPA Complex at Varying Ligand Protonation State
Authors: Summers Thomas J. , O'Brien Ravi D. , Sobrinho Josiane A. , de Bettencourt‐Dias Ana , Cantu David C.
Published: November 2023

Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) is a chelating agent whose complex with the Gd3+ ion is used in medical imaging. DTPA is also used in lanthanide‐actinide separation processes. As protonation of the DTPA ligand can facilitate dissociation of the Gd3+ ion from the Gd‐DTPA complex, this work investigates the coordination structures of the aqueous Gd3+ ion and its environment when chelated by DTPA in eight different DTPA protonation states. Both classical and ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are conducted to model the solvated complexes. Extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements of the Gd3+aqua ion, and the Gd‐DTPA complex at pH 1 and 11, are compared to EXAFS spectra predicted from the MD simulations to verify the accuracy of the MD structures. The findings of this work provide atomic‐level details into the fluctuating Gd‐DTPA complex environment as the DTPA ligand gradually detaches from the Gd3+ ion with increased protonation.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Indole Allylic Alkylation with Chiral Phosphoramidite‐Selenide‐Based Ligands
Authors: Feng Bin , Zhang Yun‐Fan , Li Shan , You Ge‐Yun , Xuan Jun
Published: November 2023

Environmental Engineering Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials A Pd/phosphoramidite‐selenide‐catalyzed highly enantioselective C‐3 allylic alkylation with a wide range of indole nucleophiles has been developed, giving the corresponding products with up to 95 % yield and 99 % ee.
Photoelectrochemical Properties of Pulse‐Reverse Electrodeposited Sb2Se3/TiO2 Nanotube Photoanodes’ Controlled Sb2Se3 Overlayer
Authors: Jo Woohyeon , Han Seungyeon , Jeong Jaebum , Kim Taegeon , Son Min‐Kyu , Jung Hyunsung
Published: November 2023

Constructing heterostructures is a promising strategy to improve the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of photoanodes in PEC water‐splitting systems. The effect on PEC performance is dependent on the deposition conditions of the overlayer in the heterostructured photoanode. Herein, the deposition condition of the antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) overlayer by adjusting the duty cycle and cycle number during pulse‐reverse electrodeposition. This aims to assess its impact on the PEC characteristics of the Sb2Se3 overlayered titanium dioxide (Sb2Se3/TiO2) nanotube photoanode. Adequate pulse‐off time in the duty cycle ensures sufficient permeation of deposition electrolyte into the inner wall of TiO2 nanotube, leading to uniform Sb2Se3 deposition. On the other hand, an excessive cycle number negatively affects PEC performance, as Sb2Se3 agglomeration blocks the pores of the TiO2 nanotube. Consequently, the Sb2Se3/TiO2 nanotube photoanode, when fabricated with the optimal pulse‐off time and cycle number, exhibits enhanced PEC performance. This is due to efficient charge transfer/separation facilitated by the p–n heterojunction and improved light absorption. These insights offer valuable guidance in choosing the appropriate fabrication processes for heterostructured photoanodes in efficient PEC water‐splitting systems.
Quality indicators for Delphi studies
Authors: Landeta Jon , Lertxundi Aitziber
Published: November 2023

The Delphi method is a technique of social research that seeks to obtain a reliable group opinion from experts. It was first created for military purposes in the mid‐1950s. Since then, its use in the scientific field has continued to spread to different disciplines and aims. Despite this expansion, however, not set of indicators of the quality of Delphi studies has yet to be developed that might provide the reader—whether an expert in the technique or not—with some framework of reference whereby to gauge what credibility should be afforded to the results of the study. In this paper, following a thorough review of the literature on the criteria used to assess Delphi studies and the items of evaluation recommended for inclusion in Delphi reports, we determine what characteristics a quality evaluation indicator for this technique should have and propose a battery of indicators based on these characteristics, which should for preference be included in the final report of a Delphi study. The proposed indicators focus on three areas that are particularly relevant to the quality of Delphi research: the quality of the panel of participating experts, the way in which relevant information is obtained from the experts, and the quality of the interaction generated among the experts.
Association of multimorbidity patterns with motoric cognitive risk syndrome among older adults: Evidence from a China longitudinal study
Authors: Xiong Feiyang , Wang Yizhong , Zhu Jun , Li Shixue , Guan Qiangdong , Jing Zhengyue
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), a pre‐dementia syndrome, is characterized by slow gait and subjective cognitive complaints among older adults. This study assessed the relationship between multimorbidity, its patterns, and MCR.

Methods

Data for this study were obtained from three waves (2011, 2013, and 2015) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Participants who were aged 60 years and older and had complete data at baseline as well as complete data about MCR at follow‐up were selected. Patients without MCR at baseline were selected for further analyses. Longitudinal associations between multimorbidity, its patterns, and MCR were examined using a Cox proportional hazards model. Multimorbidity patterns were classified using latent class analysis.

Results

A total of 4923 respondents were included at baseline, 43.47% of whom had multimorbidity. Additionally, the prevalence of MCR at baseline was 12.61%. After adjusting for covariates, multimorbidity was positively associated with MCR (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–1.68). A higher number of multimorbidity was also significantly associated with an increased risk of developing MCR (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.02–1.19). Three multimorbidity patterns were selected: relatively healthy pattern, respiratory pattern, and cardiovascular pattern. Older adults with the cardiovascular pattern were 1.57 times more likely to develop MCR than those with the relatively healthy pattern (HR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.16–2.13). There was no significant difference between the relatively healthy pattern and the respiratory pattern (HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 0.91–1.92).

Conclusions

MCR is highly prevalent among older Chinese adults. MCR may be exacerbated by multimorbidity. For older adults with multimorbidity (especially cardiovascular multimorbidity), attention should be paid to MCR to achieve early detection, diagnosis, and treatment.
Delirium in older patients with COVID‐19: Prevalence, risk factors and clinical outcomes across the first three waves of the pandemic
Authors: Minnema Julia , Tap Lisanne , van der Bol Jessica M. , van Deudekom Floor J. A. , Faes Miriam C. , Jansen Steffy W. M. , van der Linden Carolien M. J. , Lucke Jacinta A. , Mooijaart Simon P. , van Munster Barbara , Noordam Raymond , van Raaij Bas F. M. , Ruiter Rikje , Smits Rosalinde A. L. , Willems Hanna C. , Mattace‐Raso Francesco U. S. , Polinder‐Bos Harmke A.
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Delirium is a serious condition, which poses treatment challenges during hospitalisation for COVID‐19. Improvements in testing, vaccination and treatment might have changed patient characteristics and outcomes through the pandemic. We evaluated whether the prevalence and risk factors for delirium, and the association of delirium with in‐hospital mortality changed through the pandemic.

Methods

This study was part of the COVID‐OLD study in 19 Dutch hospitals including patients ≥70 years in the first (spring 2020), second (autumn 2020) and third wave (autumn 2021). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to study risk factors for delirium, and in‐hospital mortality. Differences in effect sizes between waves were studied by including interaction terms between wave and risk factor in logistic regression models.

Results

1540, 884 and 370 patients were included in the first, second and third wave, respectively. Prevalence of delirium in the third wave (12.7%) was significantly lower compared to the first (22.5%) and second wave (23.5%). In multivariable‐adjusted analyses, pre‐existing memory problems was a consistent risk factor for delirium across waves. Previous delirium was a risk factor for delirium in the first wave (OR 4.02), but not in the second (OR 1.61) and third wave (OR 2.59, p‐value interaction‐term 0.028). In multivariable‐adjusted analyses, delirium was not associated with in‐hospital mortality in all waves.

Conclusion

Delirium prevalence declined in the third wave, which might be the result of vaccination and improved treatment strategies. Risk factors for delirium remained consistent across waves, although some attenuation was seen in the second wave.
Changes in aspartate metabolism in the medial‐prefrontal cortex of nicotine addicts based on J‐edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Yu Miaomiao , Lin Liangjie , Xu Ke , Xu Man , Ren Jianxin , Niu Xiaoyu , Gao Xinyu , Zhang Mengzhe , Yang Zhengui , Dang Jinghan , Tao Qiuying , Han Shaoqiang , Wang Weijian , Cheng Jingliang , Zhang Yong
Published: November 2023

This study aims to explore the changes of the aspartate (Asp) level in the medial‐prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of subjects with nicotine addiction (nicotine addicts [NAs]) using the J‐edited 1H MR spectroscopy (MRS), which may provide a positive imaging evidence for intervention of NA. From March to August 2022, 45 males aged 40–60 years old were recruited from Henan Province, including 21 in NA and 24 in nonsmoker groups. All subjects underwent routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and J‐edited MRS scans on a 3.0 T MRI scanner. The Asp level in mPFC was quantified with reference to the total creatine (Asp/Cr) and water (Aspwater‐corr, with correction of the brain tissue composition) signals, respectively. Two‐tailed independent samples t‐test was used to analyze the differences in levels of Asp and other coquantified metabolites (including total N‐acetylaspartate [tNAA], total cholinine [tCho], total creatine [tCr], and myo‐Inositol [mI]) between the two groups. Finally, the correlations of the Asp level with clinical characteristic assessment scales were performed using the Spearman criteria. Compared with the control group (n = 22), NAs (n = 18) had higher levels of Asp (Asp/Cr: p = .005; Aspwater‐corr: p = .004) in the mPFC, and the level of Asp was positively correlated with the daily smoking amount (Asp/Cr: p < .001; Aspwater‐corr: p = .004). No significant correlation was found between the level of Asp and the years of nicotine use, Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Russell Reason for Smoking Questionnaire (RRSQ), or Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS‐11) score. The elevated Asp level was observed in mPFC of NAs in contrast to nonsmokers, and the Asp level was positively correlated with the amount of daily smoking, which suggests that nicotine addiction may result in elevated Asp metabolism in the human brain.
Is health insurance really benefitting Indian population? Evidence from a nationally representative sample survey
Authors: Aashima  , Sharma Rajesh
Published: November 2023

Background

Universal health coverage (UHC) is the centrepiece of the sustainable development goals and aims to ensure access to essential and quality healthcare services to all without facing financial hardships. Several health insurance programmes have been launched in India to progress towards UHC.

Objective

This study aims to assess the impact of health insurance (overall health insurance, government sponsored health insurance (GSHI), and private voluntary health insurance) on accessibility and utilization of inpatient care, out‐of‐pocket health expenditure (OOPE), catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), and impoverishment in India.

Data and Methodology

The 75th round of National Sample Survey Office was used in the study, which covered 555,115 individuals, 113,823 households, and 91,445 hospitalization incidence all over India. Descriptive statistics, multivariable logistic regression, and propensity score matching (PSM) methods were employed.

Results

Enrolment under health insurance has impacted the accessibility and utilization pattern of hospitalization to some extent for the insured. PSM showed that enrolment under GSHI schemes reduced OOPE by INR 3314 (USD 49) and CHE incidence by 1%–4% at various thresholds. Among poor persons, there was a marginal but statistically significant reduction of OOPE among those enrolled under GSHI schemes (p < 0.05). However, GSHI schemes did not statistically significantly reduce the CHE burden for poor persons enrolled (p > 0.05). Furthermore, enrolment under private voluntary health insurance reduced OOPE by INR 13,511 (USD 198) and CHE by 13.47% at 10% threshold, 4.61% at 25% threshold, and 2.65% at 40% threshold. However, its uptake was primarily confined to richer economic quintiles and urban areas that exacerbates equity concerns. All the results were confirmed through robustness measures employed.

Conclusions

There is a necessity to increase awareness and uptake of health insurance, along with introducing comprehensive insurance packages covering both inpatient and outpatient care. Also, increasing public health spending, strengthening public healthcare facilities, and improving regulatory implementation of private healthcare providers are imperative to augment financial protection.