bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delivering Antisense Oligonucleotides across the Blood‐Brain Barrier by Tumor Cell‐Derived Small Apoptotic Bodies
Authors: Wang Yulian , Pang Jiayun , Wang Qingyun , Yan Luocheng , Wang Lintao , Xing Zhen , Wang Chunming , Zhang Junfeng , Dong Lei
Published: May 2021

The blood‐brain barrier (BBB) is the most restrictive and complicated barrier that keeps most biomolecules and drugs from the brain. An efficient brain delivery strategy is urgently needed for the treatment of brain diseases. Based on the studies of brain‐targeting extracellular vesicles (EVs), the potential of using small apoptotic bodies (sABs) from brain metastatic cancer cells for brain‐targeting drug delivery is explored. It is found that anti‐TNF‐α antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) combined with cationic konjac glucomannan (cKGM) can be successfully loaded into sABs via a transfection/apoptosis induction process and that the sABs generated by B16F10 cells have an extraordinarily high brain delivery efficiency. Further studies suggest that ASO‐loaded sABs (sCABs) are transcytosed by b. End3 (brain microvascular endothelial cells, BMECs) to penetrate the BBB, which is mediated by CD44v6, and eventually taken up by microglial cells in the brain. In a Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse model, sCABs dramatically ameliorate PD symptoms via the anti‐inflammatory effect of ASO. This study suggests that sABs from brain metastatic cancer cells are excellent carriers for brain‐targeted delivery, as they have not only an extraordinary delivery efficiency but also a much higher scale‐up production potential than other EVs.
Nonfullerene Small Molecules‐Enabled High‐Performance Organic Photovoltaics for Indoor Energy Harvesting
Authors: Lee Chihyung , Yi Ahra , Kim Hyo Jung , Nam Minwoo , Ko Doo-Hyun
Published: May 2021

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have attracted considerable attention as a power source of indoor electronic devices for the Internet of Things (IoT). Herein, high‐efficiency and stable nonfullerene OPVs for low‐intensity indoor applications are demonstrated while discussing the origin of high photovoltaic performance and the design fundamentals in an indoor environment. Nonfullerene OPVs exhibit higher performance over a wide range of light intensities compared with fullerene OPVs, in spite of relatively lower spectral matching with indoor light sources. To understand this discrepancy, advanced morphological analyses for the bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) photoactive layers are proposed, which demonstrate efficient phase‐interpenetrating networks of a polymer donor and a nonfullerene acceptor. These clarify a suppression of trap sites in nonfullerene blends as a key factor to alleviate charge recombination, resulting in high photovoltaic operation under indoor environments. Combined with the morphological benefits for the high performance, the superior stability corroborates high practical usage of nonfullerene OPVs in a variety of application areas.
Correlation and Improvement of Bimetallic Electronegativity on Metal–Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Ying Meihui , Tang Rui , Zhao Shenlong , Yang Wenjie , Liang Weibin , Zhang Xingmo , Yang Guizeng , Zheng Rongkun , Pan Haibo , Liao Xiaozhou , Huang Jun
Published: May 2021

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a critical role in many renewable energy technologies including electrolyzers and rechargeable metal–air batteries. However, the sluggish kinetics of OER catalysts seriously impedes the efficiency of these aforementioned clean devices. Herein, a series of bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with tunable electronegativity (metal ionic electronegativity [MIE]) are prepared by precisely controlling the metal composition for efficient OER. Moreover, an experimental result‐derived volcano plot is first unveiled by presenting the correlation of the MIE and OER kinetic rate (Tafel slope) on the surface of the MOFs‐based electrocatalysts. Remarkably, a Ni0.9Fe0.1 MOF fabricated and based on the proposed electronegative equilibrium rationales, delivers a low overpotential of 206 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 270 mV at 50 mA cm−2 along with a long‐term stability in 1 m KOH, superior than the previous reported catalysts. The excellent performance is ascribed to the MIE‐induced interface charge transfer resistance and intermediate adsorption resistance adjustment. The second metal introduction causes the formation of unsaturated metal sites during the electronegative equilibrium process, leading to adjustable OER kinetic rate. These findings pave the way to designing highly active MOF‐based OER catalysts.
The standardized letter of evaluation in emergency medicine: Are the qualifications useful?
Authors: Miller Danielle T. , Krzyzaniak Sara , Mannix Alexandra , Alvarez Al’ai , Chan Teresa , Davenport Dayle , Eraso Daniel , Foote C. J. , Gore Katarzyna , Parsons Melissa , Gottlieb Michael
Published: May 2021

Objectives

The standardized letter of evaluation (SLOE) in emergency medicine (EM) is a widely used metric for determining interview invitations and ranking of candidates. Previous research has questioned the validity of certain sections of the SLOE. However, there remains a paucity of literature on the qualifications for EM section, which evaluates seven attributes of applicants. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the qualifications questions and grades, global assessment, and anticipated rank list position for EM applicants.

Methods

A multi‐institutional cross‐sectional study was performed using SLOEs from applicants to three geographically distinct U.S. EM residency programs during the 2019–2020 application cycle. We abstracted EM rotation grade, qualifications scores, global assessment, and anticipated rank list position from the SLOEs. A Spearman correlation was calculated between each of the qualifications scores and the applicant's grades, global assessment, and anticipated rank list position in a pairwise fashion.

Results

In total, 2,106 unique applicants (4,939 SLOEs) were included. Of the seven qualifications for EM questions, three were moderately to strongly correlated with global assessment and anticipated rank list position: “ability to develop and justify an appropriate differential and a cohesive treatment plan” (ρ = 0.65 and ρ = 0.63, respectively; p < 0.001), “how much guidance do you predict this applicant will need during residency?” (ρ = 0.68 and ρ = 0.68, respectively; p < 0.001), and “what is your prediction of success for the applicant?” (ρ = 0.69 and ρ = 0.69, respectively; p < 0.001). There was no strong correlation between the seven qualifications and grades.

Conclusions

There was a moderate to strong correlation between three of seven qualifications for EM questions (ability to develop and justify a differential and develop a cohesive plan, anticipated need for the amount of guidance, and prediction of success) with both global assessment and anticipated rank list position, suggesting that these qualifications may provide the most useful data to residency selection while some of the other factors may not be needed.
Hidden Markov model based approach for diagnosing cause of alarm signals
Authors: Ariamuthu Venkidasalapathy Joshiba , Kravaris Costas
Published: May 2021

When a fault occurs in a process, it slowly propagates within the system and affects the measurements triggering a sequence of alarms in the control room. The operators are required to diagnose the cause of alarms and take necessary corrective measures. The idea of representing the alarm sequence as the fault propagation path and using the propagation path to diagnose the fault is explored. A diagnoser based on hidden Markov model is built to identify the cause of the alarm signals. The proposed approach is applied to an industrial case study: Tennessee Eastman process. The results show that the proposed approach is successful in determining the probable cause of alarms generated with high accuracy. The model was able to identify the cause accurately, even when tested with short alarm sub‐sequences. This allows for early identification of faults, providing more time to the operator to restore the system to normal operation.
Genetic heterogeneity of disorders with overgrowth and intellectual disability: Experience from a center in North India
Authors: Moirangthem Amita , Mandal Kausik , Saxena Deepti , Srivastava Priyanka , Gambhir Poonam Singh , Agrawal Neha , Shambhavi Arya , Nampoothiri Sheela , Phadke Shubha R.
Published: May 2021

Overgrowth, defined as height and/or OFC ≥ +2SD, characterizes a subset of patients with syndromic intellectual disability (ID). Many of the disorders with overgrowth and ID (OGID) are rare and the full phenotypic and genotypic spectra have not been unraveled. This study was undertaken to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic profile of patients with OGID. Patients with OGID were ascertained from the cohort of patients who underwent cytogenetic microarray (CMA) and/or exome sequencing (ES) at our center over a period of 6 years. Thirty‐one subjects (six females) formed the study group with ages between 3.5 months and 13 years. CMA identified pathogenic deletions in two patients. In another 11 patients, a disease causing variant was detected by ES. The spectrum of disorders encompassed aberrations in genes involved in the two main pathways associated with OGID. These were genes involved in epigenetic regulation like NSD1, NFIX, FOXP1, and those in the PI3K‐AKT pathway like PTEN, AKT3, TSC2, PPP2R5D. Five novel pathogenic variants were added by this study. NSD1‐related Sotos syndrome was the most common disorder, seen in five patients. A causative variant was identified in 61.5% of patients who underwent only ES compared to the low yield of 11.1% in the CMA group. The molecular etiology could be confirmed in 13 subjects with OGID giving a diagnostic yield of 42%. The major burden was formed by autosomal dominant monogenic disorders. Hence, ES maybe a better first‐tier genomic test rather than CMA in OGID.
Intrinsic flame retardancy of poly(lactic acid) bead foams
Authors: Höhne Carl‐Christoph , Schmidt Robert , Berner Valeria , Metzsch‐Zilligen Elke , Westphal Erik , Pfaendner Rudolf , Mack Christoph
Published: May 2021

Linear economy models are no longer acceptable for the plastic industry and a change to a sustainable circular plastic economy must take place. In the field of thermoplastic foams, the biopolymer poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a suitable alternative for fossil based foams like polystyrene. However, the production of PLA bead foams is still a challenge. In regards to circular plastic economy products, a reduction of the needed polymer additives is aspired to simplify the union of end‐of‐life plastic streams. Flame retardants (FR) are required in many applications and are often the largest proportion of additives. It turns out that the removal of FRs, for example the removal of the REACh registered FR hexabromocyclododecane for polystyrene foams, requires a great effort. This paper shows that PLA bead foams require no FR to achieve a class E classification for construction products. Therefore, nine PLA types are analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, gel permeation chromatography, and rheotens measurements. From five types, PLA bead foams could be produced with two different densities. In addition, PLA bead foams containing 1.5 wt% alkoxy amine FR were produced. The flammability of the PLA bead foams was investigated by LOI, DIN‐4102‐1‐B2, and cone calorimeter tests.
The relationship between sensory reactivity differences and mental health symptoms in preschool‐age autistic children
Authors: Rossow Timothy , MacLennan Keren , Tavassoli Teresa
Published: May 2021

There is growing evidence for an association between sensory reactivity and mental health in autism. This study set out to explore the relationship between sensory reactivity and mental health in preschool‐aged autistic children. In total 54 preschool‐aged children with an Autism Spectrum Condition took part. Sensory and mental health symptoms were obtained from the Sensory Processing Scale Inventory, Sensory Assessment of Neurodevelopmental Differences and the Behavioral Assessment System for Children–3. Correlational analyses showed a relationship between sensory reactivity and mental health symptoms in autistic preschool‐aged children. Results also indicate divergence in sensory‐mental health profiles between autistic preschool‐aged children who are verbal and those who use few to no words. For the first time this study has revealed a relationship between sensory hyper‐reactivity, as well as sensory seeking, and mental health symptoms outside of anxiety in autism. Of note, this relationship between sensory hyper‐reactivity and internalizing symptoms appears to be driven by those with few to no words. This has implications for both research and clinical interventions, in particular for our understanding of the factors underlying mental health symptoms in different autistic phenotypes, as well as the possible role of functional communication in mitigating the development of mental health symptoms.

Lay Summary

The present study found that in autistic preschoolers, externalizing mental health symptoms, such as hyperactivity, are related to sensory seeking (seeking out or being fascinated with sensory stimuli), and internalizing mental health symptoms, such as depression, are related to sensory hyper‐reactivity (sensitivity to sensory stimuli). Our results also show that whilst the relationships between externalizing symptoms and sensory seeking is seen across participants, the relationship between internalizing symptoms and sensory hyper‐reactivity was only seen in autistic preschoolers who used few to no words. This has important implications for the assessment of sensory differences as part of more rigorous mental health assessments, especially in autistic people who use few to no words.
Systematic expression analysis of m6A RNA methyltransferases in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Gundert Larissa , Strick Alexander , von Hagen Felix , Schmidt Doris , Klümper Niklas , Tolkach Yuri , Toma Marieta , Kristiansen Glen , Ritter Manuel , Ellinger Jörg
Published: May 2021

Objectives

To investigate the regulation of the N‐6‐methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferases METTL3, METTL14, WTAP, KIAA1429, and METTL4, referred to as “m6A writers,” in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and other RCC subtypes in respect of the potential prognostic value.

Patients and methods

Tissue samples were collected within the framework of the Biobank at the Center for Integrated Oncology Bonn. The expression of the methyltransferases was systematically determined in clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) on the RNA (real‐time PCR) and protein level (immunohistochemistry). Additionally, protein expression of the m6A writers was further investigated in papillary RCC, chromophobe RCC, sarcomatoid RCC, oncocytoma, and normal renal tissue (immunohistochemistry).

Results

The expression of all m6A‐methyltransferases was significantly downregulated in ccRCC compared to benign renal tissue. Low m6A‐methyltransferase levels were correlated with higher histological grade, advanced pT‐stage, pN‐stage, and metastatic disease. Reduced m6A‐methyltransferase expression was associated with shorter overall survival.

Conclusion

In conclusion, m6A‐methyltransferases are dysregulated in ccRCC and might act as tumor suppressor genes, which could be of particular importance for future diagnostic and therapeutic options.
Categories, components, and techniques in a modular construction of basket trials for application and further research
Authors: Pohl Moritz , Krisam Johannes , Kieser Meinhard
Published: May 2021

Basket trials have become a virulent topic in medical and statistical research during the last decade. The core idea of them is to treat patients, who express the same genetic predisposition—either personally or their disease—with the same treatment irrespective of the location of the disease. The location of the disease defines each basket and the pathway of the treatment uses the common genetic predisposition among the baskets. This opens the opportunity to share information among baskets, which can consequently increase the information of the basket‐wise response with respect to the investigated treatment. This further allows dynamic decisions regarding futility and efficacy of individual baskets during the ongoing trial. Several statistical designs have been proposed on how a basket trial can be conducted and this has left an unclear situation with many options. The different designs propose different mathematical and statistical techniques, different decision rules, and also different trial purposes. This paper presents a broad overview of existing designs, categorizes them, and elaborates their similarities and differences. A uniform and consistent notation facilitates the first contact, introduction, and understanding of the statistical methodologies and techniques used in basket trials. Finally, this paper presents a modular approach for the construction of basket trials in applied medical science and forms a base for further research of basket trial designs and their techniques.
The Social Referencing Observation Scale (SoROS) for children: Scale development and reliability
Authors: Lubomirska Anna , Eldevik Sigmund , Eikeseth Svein , Strømgren Børge , Budzińska Anna
Published: May 2021

The Social Referencing Observational Scale (SoROS) is being developed to measure and detect deficits in social referencing skills in children between 2.6 and 5.0 years of age. This study is the first in the sequence, describing the first phases of development. First, three different scenarios designed to evoke social referencing behaviors were selected. We called the scenarios Fear, Pain, and Joy. In the pilot study, social referencing in 60 typical children was scored. Based on the data from the pilot study, the scoring system was refined and another 204 children were tested. We report descriptive data on social referencing in typical children across age and gender. Our main finding was that all children showed social referencing in that they first looked for cues in another person as for how to behave, and second behaved accordingly. This was the case across all three tested scenarios. Inter‐rater reliability for individual scoring behaviors in all three scenarios was good to high. The descriptive data for how typical children behave in these scenarios can provide the basis for detecting deficits in social referencing and for planning interventions.
Effect of Alcohol Chain Length on Formation of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide‐templated Mesoporous Silica Layer on Gold Nanorods
Authors: Jang Eue‐Soon
Published: May 2021

This is the first study that elucidates the effect of alcohol alkyl chain length on the formation of mesoporous silica (mSiO2) layers on cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)‐stabilized gold nanorods (CGNRs). The growth tendencies of the mSiO2 layers on the CGNRs (CGNR@mSiO2) in various alcohol solvents differed quite substantially from those observed for previously reported spherical silica particles. The formation of the mSiO2 layer was closely related to the interaction between the CTAB bilayer and alcohol.
Morphological Stability of Organic Photovoltaics: Coarse‐grained Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies
Authors: Na Jihye , Chang Rakwoo
Published: May 2021

We have performed coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations of organic photovoltaic (OPV) 5wcells consisting of poly(3‐hexyl‐thiophene) (P3HT), phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM), and phenyl‐C71‐butyricacid methyl ester (PC71BM) to investigate the effects of the solvent evaporation rate and the number of components in the morphological stability of OPV. Two different solvent evaporation processes were employed in this study. In the instantaneous solvent removal process, unstable pores are formed because of the slow translational relaxation of the electron receptors. In case of the gradual solvent removal process, the stable film formation is observed without any pore. In addition, the ternary OPV system shows better stability than binary systems by slowing down the phase separation.
Impairment of eye emotion discrimination in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: A neuropsychological study
Authors: Wu Lulu , Yang Xinyu , Zhang Kaili , Wang Xiaocui , Yang Bin
Published: May 2021

Purpose

To explore the characteristics of the impairment of eye emotional recognition and related clinical factors in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECT).

Methods

The Eye Basic Emotion Discrimination Task and Eye Complex Emotion Discrimination Task were used to study emotion discrimination in 33 recently diagnosed BECT patients and 33 BECT patients after complete remission compared to respective age‐ and gender‐matched comparison participants.

Results

The scores for discrimination of sadness, fear, and disgust were significantly lower in the newly diagnosed BECT group than in the comparison group (p = .004, p = .019, and p = .044, respectively), while scores for recognizing happiness, anger, and surprise were not significantly different between the two groups (p = .248, p = .586, and p = .540, respectively). Our analysis revealed that the BECT onset age influences the scores for recognition of sadness, fear, and disgust (OR = 1.795, 95% CI: 1.097 to 2.936, p = .020; OR=1.846, 95% CI: 1.124 to 3.034, p = .016; OR = 1.851, 95% CI: 1.131–3.029, p = .014). After remission, the scores for discrimination of happiness, anger, sadness, fear, disgust, and surprise of the BECT group were not significantly different from the comparison group (p = .588, p = .765, p = .752, p = .984, p = .328, and p = .339, respectively).

Conclusions

In our study, newly diagnosed BECT patients exhibited emotion discrimination dysfunction, mainly related to sadness, fear, and disgust, and this dysfunction was more severe the younger the age of onset was. However, after BECT remission, the ability to discriminate emotions returned to normal.
The growth paradox, sustainable development, and business strategy
Authors: Edwards Mark G.
Published: May 2021

Economic growth is a two‐edged sword. Expanding economies and industries create wealth and employment, but global economic expansion is having unprecedented deleterious impacts on vital planetary systems. Despite this, the core strategic goal of all economies and many businesses continues to be the pursuit of ongoing economic growth. To resolve this paradox, a reconceptualization of firm‐level growth is presented. I describe and discuss the organizational characteristics of the growth paradox and follow this with a metatheoretical review of economic, organizational, and ecological perspectives on growth. From this review, a typology of firm‐level strategy is developed that radically reconceptualizes business growth as developmental activity primarily concerned with social–ecological flourishing. The features of this typology and its implications for business strategy are discussed according to three principles that emerged from the analysis: multidexterity, resilience thinking for design, and inclusive balance (embeddedness). Together, these strategy principles form the prerequisite management competencies needed for the development, implementation, and evaluation of sustainable business strategies. Transformative firm‐level responses to the growth paradox are needed if sustaining forms of organizational growth are to be achieved and this paper presents a novel integrative framework for informing those strategies.
Circular economy, the transition of an incumbent focal firm: How to successfully reconcile environmental and economic sustainability?
Authors: Gandolfo Alessandro , Lupi Lorenzo
Published: May 2021

Circular economy (CE) has garnered increasing attention in political circles and practitioner literature thanks to its potential to overcome the harmful consequences of linear patterns of growth. Nonetheless, the adoption of sustainable practices entails a holistic approach requiring businesses to make significant changes to their production, technologies and stakeholder management. These challenges resulted in limited progress in terms of the practical implementation of CE. This paper addresses the need for more literature focused on the pragmatic aspects of applying this paradigm to incumbent firms. The author presents the journey that Lucart S.p.A., a major European tissue paper manufacturer, has undertaken between 2014 and 2020 to apply CE principles to its practices. Insights from the transformation process, reconstructed through interviews with the firm's management and environmental impact data, suggest that to succeed it takes innovating (plants, products and marketing strategies) and setting up supply chains that reconcile environmental and economic sustainability.
Health care access and utilization among adult cancer survivors: Results from the National Institutes of Health “All of Us” Research Program
Authors: Coughlin Steven S. , Chen Jie , Cortes Jorge E.
Published: May 2021

Background

Many cancer survivors face financial difficulties that prevent them from receiving appropriate health care. Racial/ethnic disparities in receipt of health care have been reported among cancer survivors, but recent data for important racial/ethnic subgroups of the US population are lacking.

Methods

To learn more about barriers to healthcare access faced by cancer survivors, we analyzed data from the NIH “All of Us” Research Program. Data were analyzed about demographic factors and other personal characteristics, personal medical history of cancer, healthcare utilization, and access to care.

Results

As of November 2020, a total of 5426 participants had a history of cancer (excluding skin cancer). About 88.2% were non‐Hispanic White; 3.9% were Black, African American, or African; 1.3% were Asian; 4.1% were Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; and 1.2% reported more than one race. Just over one‐half had an annual income of $75,000 or greater. The majority of the participants (71.7%) were college graduates or had an advanced degree. About 47.0%% had private health insurance, 41.0% had Medicare, 6.0% had Medicaid, and the remainder had military, Veterans Affairs, other insurance, or no health insurance. Frequently cited reasons for delayed care in the past 12 months were “had to pay out of pocket for some or all of the procedures,” “deductible was too high/or could not afford the deductible,” “couldn't afford the copay,” “couldn't get time off work,” and “were nervous about seeing a health care provider.”

Discussion

A minority of cancer survivors who participated in the NIH “All of Us” Program had difficulty paying for health care in the past 12 months. Of particular concern are minorities such as African American and Hispanic cancer survivors along with those who are low income.
Toward an agency and reactance theory of crowding: Insights from COVID‐19 and the tourism industry
Authors: Lim Weng Marc
Published: May 2021

In the midst of the coronavirus pandemic, this article endeavors to offer expeditious insights into the impact of the global humanitarian crisis on the tourism industry from a consumer behavior perspective. To do so, this article employs the theory of crowding as an overarching theoretical lens, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) as a context to represent a global humanitarian crisis, and the rapid review approach as a method to source maiden evidence. In doing so, this article sheds light on instances of undercrowding (undertourism) and overcrowding (overtourism) in tourism as a result of COVID‐19, with interpretations enriched by agency theory and reactance theory—thereby resulting in the emergence of a new theory called the agency and reactance theory of crowding. The article concludes with pragmatic implications in light of the global humanitarian crisis.
Use of tea fibers as a source of dietary fiber in wheat flour and bread
Authors: Arı Akın Pervin , Tayfun Kübra Elif , Tamer Uğur , Boyacı İsmail Hakkı
Published: May 2021

Background and objectives

Tea fiber is a co‐product of black tea production. It is a cheap and good source of fiber and polyphenols. In this study, the impact of finely ground tea fiber addition (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0%) on wheat dough and bread was evaluated.

Findings

Tea fiber contained 8.39% moisture, 15.65% protein, 1.58% fat, 3.63% ash, 17,289 mg GAE/kg tea fiber phenolic, and 67.62% total dietary fiber. The addition of tea fiber (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0%) decreased dough stability and extensibility, index of swelling, baking strength, loaf volume, and specific volume while increased dough development time, water absorption, dough tenacity, configuration ratio, the degree of dough softening and firmness. The baking loss of bread made with tea fibers and control were not significantly different. Crumb characteristics were similar to control loaf, except bread with 10.0% tea fiber added. The control, bread with 2.5% and 5.0% had the same sensory parameters.

Conclusion

In bread making, 2.5% of tea fiber can be recommended as a fiber‐enriching agent.

Significance and novelty

This paper shows the characterization of tea fiber and its effect on wheat flour and dough.
Scirrhous carcinoma: A previously undescribed tumor of the oral cavity
Authors: DeVries Jacquelyn , Finegersh Andrey , Gold Kathryn A. , Sharabi Andrew B. , Hu Jingjing , Orosco Ryan K.
Published: May 2021

This patient was found to have a scirrhous carcinoma with extensive perineural invasion and without any evidence of minor salivary gland carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolated scirrhous carcinoma of the oral cavity. Treatment was surgery and adjuvant chemoradiation, and there was complete disease response.
Primary tuberculosis of the parotid gland: A forgotten diagnosis about a case!
Authors: Benaissa Elmostafa , Bahalou Mohamed Habib , Safi Yassine , Bssaibis Fatna , Benlahlou Yasssine , Chadli Mariama , Maleb Adil , Elouennass Mostafa
Published: May 2021

The diagnosis of tuberculosis must be made in the face of any cervical swelling, and the treatment is essentially medical.
Interstitial 20p13 microdeletion including PRNP and adjacent genes in a fetus with congenital abnormalities—First case report
Authors: Onur Pelin , Shaver Mary , Iqbal Mohammed Anwaruddin
Published: May 2021

We present a prenatal case with congenital anomalies that revealed a 759 kb microdeletion at 20p13 possibly implicating PRNP and adjacent genes.
Permanent pacemaker implantation in a hemodialysis patient with subclavian vein occlusion using the balloon‐target puncture technique
Authors: Kasai Yuhei , Shakya Sandeep , Yamaura Takashi , Hayakawa Naoki , Miyaji Kotaro , Kanda Junji
Published: May 2021

The balloon‐target puncture technique is an effective method to secure the subclavian vein access route of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices.
Psychiatric care for a person with MELAS syndrome: A case report
Authors: Leong Douglas Yeung , Chee Rei Yen , Lui Yit Shiang
Published: May 2021

This report provides information for future clinicians who may be involved in treating patients with mitochondrial disorders manifesting with psychiatric problems, as literature in treatment is limited. The interventions focus on both carefully crafted medication therapy and nondrug methods to manage the challenging behaviors in a medically infirmed person.
Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the ethmoid sinus with orbital extension and metastasis to the pancreatic body
Authors: Itamochi Hiroaki , Ariga Hisanori , Shiga Kiyoto , Uesugi Noriyuki , Sugai Tamotsu
Published: May 2021

This case report highlights the need for clinicians to monitor patients with rhabdomyosarcoma for pancreatic metastasis to ensure that proper treatment is quickly provided, thereby improving outcomes.
Dopant diffusion at the interface of TiO2‐MnO‐doped alumina/alumina layers in sintered laminates
Authors: Daniel Barros Marcelo , Hotza Dachamir , Janssen Rolf
Published: May 2021

Ceramic laminates were produced by thermal pressing of pure alumina (Al2O3) and TiO2‐MnO‐doped alumina (d‐Al2O3) tapes and subsequently sintered at temperatures ranging from 1100 to 1250°C. The diffusion of dopants through the interface was investigated by optical (OM), scanning electron (SEM) microscopy, nanoindentation, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) together with scanning transmission electron microscopy. Temperature‐dependent dopant diffusion and porosity profiles were, respectively, observed investigating the microstructure. For d‐Al2O3, the average grain size, hardness, and Young's modulus were higher when compared to pure alumina, while the dopants diffusion zone presented intermediate values of these properties. The increase in sintering temperature resulted in higher values of hardness and Young's modulus in both layers. A further investigation showed a gradual decrease in grain size, hardness, and Young's modulus from the doped to the pure alumina layer, corresponding to a decreasing gradient in the dopants concentration in the Al2O3 layer with increasing distance from the interface. High concentrations of Mn and Ti were observed at triple points and grain boundaries, as well as within alumina grains.
Electrochemical Hydroboration of Alkynes
Authors: Aelterman Maude , Sayes Morgane , Jubault Philippe , Poisson Thomas
Published: May 2021

Herein we reported the electrochemical hydroboration of alkynes by using B2Pin2as the boron source. This unprecedented reaction manifold was applied to a broad range of alkynes, giving the hydroboration products in good to excellent yields without the need of a metal catalyst or a hydride source. This transformation relied on the possible electrochemical oxidation of an in situ formed borate. This anodic oxidation performed in an undivided cell allowed the formation of a putative boryl radical, which reacted on the alkyne.
The role and histopathology of oral drug challenge in the evaluation of fixed drug eruptions
Authors: Vissing Megan Brinkworth , Bhasin Arveen , Sluzevich Jason
Published: May 2021

This case series describes the role of oral drug challenge in the diagnosis of fixed drug eruption in the setting of polypharmacy. Practical testing guidelines are provided. The literature describing the histopathology of acute fixed drug reaction is also reviewed and compared with the findings in this series.
NaWuReT‐Workshop: Forschung in der Reaktionstechnik für und mit der Gesellschaft
Authors: Börnhorst Marion , Friedland Jens , Kreitz Bjarne , Moioli Emanuele , Wehinger Gregor
Published: May 2021

Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die Ergebnisse des NaWuReT‐Workshops (Nachwuchs Reaktionstechnik) aus dem Dezember 2020 zum Thema „Machen wir relevante Wissenschaft?“ vorgestellt. Nach Einführungs‐ und Übersichtsvorträgen wurden die Themen „(Un)überwindbare Hürden für Citizen Scientists in der Reaktionstechnik?“ und „Circular Economy in der Reaktionstechnik mit/für die Gesellschaft?“ diskutiert und vielfältige Ideen und Anregungen aus der Diskussion abgeleitet.
Non‐Destructive Three‐Dimensional Imaging of Metal Organic Framework Mixed Matrix Membranes using Lab‐based X‐ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Jansson Anton , Luz Ignacio , Chung Ching‐Chang , Soukri Mustapha
Published: May 2021

Two‐dimensional composites of metal particles and polymers hold the promise to enable revolutionary applications. The research and development of these films have been ongoing for over 60 years and new manufacturing and characterization techniques keep increasing the pace of advancements. Retrieving quantitative information from these types of samples can be a difficult and time‐consuming task when using line of sight imaging modalities. In this work a mixed‐matrix membrane with Co‐containing ZIF‐67 was studied with lab‐based X‐ray computed tomography. The benefits and limitations of what the computed tomography technique has to offer are presented and discussed.
Interaction Region Indicator: A Simple Real Space Function Clearly Revealing Both Chemical Bonds and Weak Interactions**
Authors: Lu Tian , Chen Qinxue
Published: May 2021

Graphically revealing interaction regions in a chemical system enables chemists to quickly recognize where significant interactions have formed. Reduced density gradient (RDG) has already been widely employed in literatures to visually exhibit weak interaction regions, in fact it also has the ability of revealing chemical bonding regions. Unfortunately, RDG cannot clearly show both types of the interactions at the same time. In this work, we propose a new real space function named interaction region indicator (IRI), which is a slight modification on RDG. We found IRI can reveal chemical bonding and weak interaction regions equally well, which brings great convenience in the study of various chemical systems as well as chemical reactions. IRI is also compared with atom‐in‐molecules (AIM) topology analysis of electron density, it is demonstrated that IRI has the ability to reveal additional interactions to provide chemists a more complete picture. In addition, we put forward a variant of IRI named IRI‐π, which is dedicated to reveal interactions of π electrons. It is found that IRI‐π can not only distinguish type of π interactions but also exhibit π‐interaction strength. IRI and IRI‐π have been efficiently implemented in our freely available Multiwfn wavefunction analysis code (http://sobereva.com/multiwfn), and are expected to become new useful members of computational chemists′ toolbox in studying chemical problems.
Histopathologic synoptic reporting of invasive melanoma: How reliable are the data?
Authors: Taylor Laura A. , Eguchi Megan M. , Reisch Lisa M. , Radick Andrea C. , Shucard Hannah , Kerr Kathleen F. , Piepkorn Michael W. , Knezevich Stevan R. , Elder David E. , Barnhill Raymond L. , Elmore Joann G.
Published: May 2021

Background

Synoptic reporting is recommended by many guideline committees to encourage the thorough histologic documentation necessary for optimal management of patients with melanoma.

Methods

One hundred fifty‐one pathologists from 40 US states interpreted 41 invasive melanoma cases. For each synoptic reporting factor, the authors identified cases with “complete agreement” (all participants recorded the same value) versus any disagreement. Pairwise agreement was calculated for each case as the proportion of pairs of responses that agreed, where paired responses were generated by the comparison of each reviewer's response with all others.

Results

There was complete agreement among all reviewers for 22 of the 41 cases (54%) on Breslow thickness dichotomized at 0.8 mm, with pairwise agreement ranging from 49% to 100% across the 41 cases. There was complete agreement for “no ulceration” in 24 of the 41 cases (59%), with pairwise agreement ranging from 42% to 100%. Tumor transected at base had complete agreement for 26 of the 41 cases (63%), with pairwise agreement ranging from 31% to 100%. Mitotic rate, categorized as 0/mm2, 1/mm2, or 2/mm2, had complete agreement for 17 of the 41 cases (41%), with pairwise agreement ranging from 36% to 100%. Regression saw complete agreement for 14 of 41 cases (34%), with pairwise agreement ranging from 40% to 100%. Lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and microscopic satellites were rarely reported as present. Respectively, these prognostic factors had complete agreement for 32 (78%), 37 (90%), and 18 (44%) of the 41 cases, and the ranges of pairwise agreement were 47% to 100%, 70% to 100%, and 53% to 100%, respectively.

Conclusions

These findings alert pathologists and clinicians to the problem of interobserver variability in recording critical prognostic factors.

Lay Summary

This study addresses variability in the assessment and reporting of critical characteristics of invasive melanomas that are used by clinicians to guide patient care.

The authors characterize the diagnostic variability among pathologists and their reporting methods in light of recently updated national guidelines. Results demonstrate considerable variability in the diagnostic reporting of melanoma with regard to the following: Breslow thickness, mitotic rate, ulceration, regression, and microscopic satellites.

This work serves to alert pathologists and clinicians to the existence of variability in reporting these prognostic factors.
The prevalence of cancer in Britain before industrialization
Authors: Mitchell Piers D. , Dittmar Jenna M. , Mulder Bram , Inskip Sarah , Littlewood Alastair , Cessford Craig , Robb John E.
Published: May 2021

Background

To plan for cancer services in the future, the long view of cancer prevalence is essential. It might be suspected that cancer prevalence before tobacco and industrial revolution pollutants was quite different to today.

Methods

To quantify the degree to which cancer prevalence may be changing over time, the authors analyzed 143 skeletons from 6 cemeteries from the Cambridge area (6th‐16th centuries). Visual inspection coupled with screening using both plain radiographs and computed tomography scans was used to detect malignant lesions.

Results

A total of 3.5% of individuals showed evidence for metastases. Factoring in modern data for the proportion of those with cancer that die with bone metastases, this suggests a minimum prevalence of all cancers at the time of death in medieval Britain to be approximately 9% to 14% of adults.

Conclusions

This figure compares with a 40% to 50% prevalence of cancer at the time of death for modern Britain. The difference may be explained by the effects of modern carcinogens, the spread of viruses that trigger malignancy, industrial pollutants, and longer life expectancy.

Lay Summary

Until now, no one has been able to work out how common cancer was before the time people were exposed to tumor‐inducing chemicals from tobacco and industrial factories.

In this novel study, the authors have determined the percentage of people living in medieval Britain who had cancer metastases to bone at the time of their death and then compared that with modern data.

It was found that cancer was approximately 25% as common in medieval times as it is today.

This article suggests cancer was much more widespread in medieval times than was previously realized.
Impact of Paroxetine, a Strong CYP2D6 Inhibitor, on SPN‐812 (Viloxazine Extended‐Release) Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Adults
Authors: Wang Zhao , Kosheleff Alisa R. , Adeojo Lilian W. , Odebo Oyinkansola , Adewole Toyin , Qin Peibing , Maletic Vladimir , Schwabe Stefan , Nasser Azmi
Published: May 2021

SPN‐812 (viloxazine extended‐release) is a novel nonstimulant recently approved as a treatment for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Given that SPN‐812 is metabolized by CYP2D6 and may be coadministered with CYP2D6 inhibitors, this trial investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety of SPN‐812 coadministered with the potent CYP2D6 inhibitor paroxetine. In this single‐sequence, 3‐treatment period study in healthy volunteers, subjects received a single oral dose of 700 mg SPN‐812 alone (period 1), 20 mg daily paroxetine (10 days, period 2), followed by concurrent administration of SPN‐812 and paroxetine (period 3). Blood samples were collected for 72 hours post‐SPN‐812 dosing and analyzed for viloxazine and its primary metabolite, 5‐HVLX‐gluc. Twenty‐two healthy adults were enrolled; all completed the trial. The potential for drug interaction between SPN‐812 and paroxetine was assessed using analysis of variance on the log‐transformed pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUCinf. The least‐squares geometric mean ratios for viloxazine were (reported as the ratio of combination/SPN‐812 alone) Cmax, 116.04%; 90%CI, 109.49%‐122.99%; AUC0‐t, 134.65%; 90%CI, 127.65‐142.03; and AUCinf, 134.80%; 90%CI, 127.94%‐142.03%. CYP2D6 inhibition resulted in a modest change (<35%) on viloxazine AUCs with no change in Cmax. All adverse events were mild in severity.
A systematic review on the effectiveness of organic unprocessed products in controlling gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances
Authors: Papadopoulou Chrysanthi , Karamani Ioanna , Gkourtsogianni Sofia , Seremidi Kiriaki , Kloukos Dimitrios
Published: May 2021

Objectives

The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the available data on the effects of organic unprocessed products in treating gingivitis during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances.

Materials and Methods

Multiple electronic databases were searched up to October 1, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials, cohort studies of prospective and retrospective design, and cross‐sectional studies reporting on natural products for controlling gingivitis in orthodontic patients were eligible for inclusion. The quality of the included RCTs was assessed per the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0).

Results

Three RCTs were finally eligible for inclusion, yielding a total of 135 patients with an age range of 12–40 years. Organic products used were Aloe vera mouth rinse, ingestion of honey and chamomile mouthwash. Treatment follow‐up period varied from 30 min to 15 days. The results indicated that the use of the aforementioned organic products significantly reduced plaque and gingival bleeding levels as early as treatment started. The reduction in biofilm accumulation and gingival bleeding was significant throughout the studies' follow‐up.

Conclusions

Owing to their antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory properties, nonpharmacological formulations successfully controlled gingival inflammation and plaque indices in orthodontic patients.
Design of an efficient bipolar converter with fast MPPT algorithm for DC nanogrid application
Authors: Kumari Niteesha , Kumar S. Shiva , Laxmi V.
Published: May 2021

A single‐input bipolar converter has been proposed along with a fast MPPT tracking algorithm. The proposed converter is used as an interface for PV panel to perform twofold task of effectively extracting the maximum power from the PV side and efficiently delivering the extracted power to the load. For effectively tracking the MPP (maximum power point) of PV panel, a modified perturb and observe (MP&O) algorithm has been proposed in the paper. Proposed algorithm works effectively even under fast variations of irradiation and ambient temperature. The proposed converter has been developed with a target application in DC nanogrid by providing two loading points with amplitude balanced bipolar outputs. Moreover, least input current ripple (compared with other conventional DC‐DC converters) aids the MPP algorithm in improving the tracking efficacy. As the proposed converter has synchronous switching operation at both output terminals referred to input side, the power conversion efficiency of the converter is very high. Two out of three switches used are ground referenced; thus, design complexity of the converter is greatly reduced. Proposed converter with the MP&O algorithm has been analyzed, and the simulation results are obtained using MATLAB/Simulink. A laboratory developed prototype is used to experimentally validate the proposed converter.