bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of pessary for prolapse practitioner training
Authors: Dwyer Lucy , Kearney Rohna , Lavender Tina
Published: May 2019

Pelvic organ prolapse is a significant quality of life issue for many women. Prolapse can be managed effectively with a mechanical device called a pessary therefore many women choose this as a conservative treatment option. Despite the extent to which pessaries are used in the UK, there are no clear guidelines regarding the training required for pessary practitioners. This article reviews literature related to pessary practitioner training. Methods: 13 publications were reviewed. Results: eight themes were identified, namely ‘prevalence of pessary training’, ‘type of pessary training’, confidence in pessary care provision’, ‘impact on pessary care’, ‘skills and knowledge required to be a pessary practitioner’, ‘barriers’, ‘speciality of pessary care providers’, and ‘ongoing support’. Conclusion: at present practitioners report a lack of pessary training, which impacts on care. Effective training includes didactic learning of agreed knowledge requirements, practice of clinical skills and ongoing support.
Supporting patients with long-term catheterisation to reduce risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infection
Authors: Waskiewicz Anna , Alexis Obrey , Cross Deborah
Published: May 2019

More than 90 000 of the UK adult population are estimated to have a urinary catheter, with 24% likely to develop symptoms of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). The consequences of having a CAUTI are reduced quality of life, risk of hospitalisation and increased mortality. The authors undertook a literature review of primary research studies to identify how nurses could support patients to maintain effective catheter care to reduce the risk of CAUTI. Four themes emerged: education, knowledge, empowerment and communication. The authors therefore conclude that consistent knowledge, clear communication and treating patients as partners in the decision-making process can help build trust and allow empower patients. This will enable patients to make safe and healthy decisions about their catheter, particularly with regard to personal hygiene and optimal fluid intake, to reducing the risk of CAUTI.
New ways to overcome tendon inflammation?
Authors: Guest Debbie
Published: May 2019

Dr. Debbie Guest, of the Animal Health Trust outlines some exciting new research
The importance of teat disinfection in mastitis control
Authors: Breen James
Published: May 2019

Teat disinfection in dairy herds is an important part of mastitis control, both to reduce infection pressure from the environment and to reduce risk of transmission of infection between cows. Despite much focus on mastitis as an endemic disease, clinical and subclinical mastitis remains an issue for many UK herds, often leading to a perception that changing the teat disinfection product may provide quick solutions. This article summarises the types of products available for both pre- and post-milking teat disinfection, the aim of both types of teat disinfectant and how they may be applied.
Increased Inflammatory Activity in Patients 3 Months after Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries
Authors: Hjort Marcus , Eggers Kai M , Lindhagen Lars , Agewall Stefan , Brolin Elin B , Collste Olov , Daniel Maria , Ekenbäck Christina , Frick Mats , Henareh Loghman , Hofman-Bang Claes , Malmqvist Karin , Spaak Jonas , Sörensson Peder , Y-Hassan Shams , Tornvall Per , Lindahl Bertil
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

Around 5%–10% of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) present with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). We aimed to assess pathophysiological mechanisms in MINOCA by extensively evaluating cardiovascular biomarkers in the stable phase after an event, comparing MINOCA patients with cardiovascular healthy controls and MI patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (MI-CAD).

METHODS

Ninety-one biomarkers were measured with a proximity extension assay 3 months after MI in 97 MINOCA patients, 97 age- and sex-matched MI-CAD patients, and 98 controls. Lasso analyses (penalized logistic regression models) and adjusted multiple linear regression models were used for statistical analyses.

RESULTS

In the Lasso analysis (MINOCA vs MI-CAD), 8 biomarkers provided discriminatory value: P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1, C-X-C motif chemokine 1, TNF-related activation-induced cytokine, and pappalysin-1 (PAPPA) with increasing probabilities of MINOCA, and tissue-type plasminogen activator, B-type natriuretic peptide, myeloperoxidase, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein with increasing probabilities of MI-CAD. Comparing MINOCA vs controls, 7 biomarkers provided discriminatory value: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, renin, NF-κ-B essential modulator, PAPPA, interleukin-6, and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor with increasing probabilities of MINOCA, and agouti-related protein with increasing probabilities of controls. Adjusted multiple linear regression analyses showed that group affiliation was associated with the concentrations of 7 of the 8 biomarkers in the comparison MINOCA vs MI-CAD and 5 of the 7 biomarkers in MINOCA vs controls.

CONCLUSIONS

Three months after the MI, the biomarker concentrations indicated greater inflammatory activity in MINOCA patients than in both MI-CAD patients and healthy controls, and a varying degree of myocardial dysfunction among the 3 cohorts.
Record of Aggregation of Alien Tropical Schyphozoan Rhopilema nomadica Galil, 1990 in the Mediterranean Coast of Egypt
Authors: Madkour Fedekar Fadel , Safwat Walaa , Hanafy Mahmoud Hassan
Published: May 2019

Recently, annual swarm of invasive Erythrean schyphozoan RhopilemanomadicaGalil, 1990 appeared along Egyptian Mediterranean coasts causing beach closures and fishing problems. The present study conducted survey and field monitoring on R. nomadica during blooming season in the Egyptian Mediterranean coast throughout three consecutive years (2015-2017). Three main features of R. nomadica bloom were addressed; viz starting date, duration and maximum density of aggregation. In 2015, the bloom started on 28 July, and over the following two years the bloom starting date shifted earlier being 19 July in 2016 and 15 June in 2017. The duration of the bloom varied yearly giving the longest duration in 2017 when the bloom continued in high density for a month. The highest density of R. nomadica was about 896 medusae/1000 m3 in 2017. The medusae diameter ranged between 21 to 112 cm. The average bell diameter for each year displayed gradual increasing values over the years. The consistent annual R. nomadica blooming was attributed to the high level of eutrophication and ecosystem degradation occurred along the Mediterranean coast since last decades. The shifting in the annual bloom starting date and duration may reflect the adaptation of R. nomadica to the climate change effect on the Mediterranean Sea temperature.
Design Support to steer Creative Wicked Problem Solving Processes with Knowledge Management and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: C Langenhan , V Eisenstadt , V Eisenstadt , F Petzold , K Althoff , K Althoff
Published: May 2019

As the complexity of building tasks and requirements increases, designers often find themselves confronted with interdisciplinary problems that go beyond the specific challenges and methods of architecture. The iterative nature of the design process results in a continuous exchange between creative, analytical and evaluative activities, through which the designer explores and identifies promising design variants. The ability to compare and evaluate relevant reference examples of already built or designed buildings helps designers to assess their own design and informs the design process.
El efecto de la reforma tributaria Ley 1819 del 2016 en los restaurantes tipo franquicia maestra en Colombia
Authors: Sierra Herrera Sharon , Martínez Carvajal Jorge
Published: May 2019

This document examines the main tax changes that were made with the tax reform Law 1819 of 2016 for franchise type restaurants in Colombia, through a financial analysis that allowed identifying the effects that generated changes from the financial perspective, but also tributary. Initially, the fundamental points that motivate the development of the research will be addressed in conjunction with the definitions of the key concepts. Subsequently, a description of the theoretical and legal framework is presented, these being the guiding thread for the presentation of a correct vertical and horizontal analysis of the historical financial statements of a master franchise currently operating in Colombia. In order to calculate the effect of free cash flows, free cash flow is frequently used to value companies, where two scenarios were carried out, the first one did not consider any change to 2016 and the second includes tax modifications from the increase of the income tax and the change of the “IVA”collection of 16 % to a consumption tax of 8 %, with this one seeks to know the value that the franchise win or lost after the reform. The analyzed data allow to conclude the growing problem that presents the model of master franchise integrated vertically and horizontally, due to its sensitivity for its inflexibility in the business model scheme, leaving in doubt its economic viability.
La fundamental convergencia teórica entre el pensamiento económico de la escuela monetarista de Chicago y el de los sociólogos constructivistas moderados: Teleología, epistemología y metodología
Authors: Hernández Chuliá Sagar
Published: May 2019

This research aims to demonstrate the fundamental theoretical convergence between the contributions from the economists of the monetarist Chicago school and from the moderate constructivist sociologists. For this purpose, we group these contributions around three categories: teleology, epistemology and methodology. In view of the results, we conclude that, despite the different priority displayed by these authors to their interests, all of them coincide, on the one hand, in the epistemological sphere, in using hypothetic-deductive rules that incorporate considerations, both logical and factual; and, on the other, in the methodological camp, by the use of tools, both logical-deductive, and empirical-analytical.
Las plazas distritales de mercado en Bogotá: una mirada de la inseguridad alimentaria y el consumo de alimentos en la localidad de barrios unidos
Authors: Gómez Moreno John Erick
Published: May 2019

In Bogota, the commercial development of the marketplaces, constitutes an opportunity for the strong force of the internal market in the central region (The central region of the country groups the departments of Tolima, Huila, Caquetá and Cundinamarca). The development of the civil conscience on the diversity and the environment and the cultural immaterial heritage of the creole gastronomy together with the rural markets, they make think that the squares can give response to the institutional demands of food, contributing with the food safety, reducing economic gaps and prices, being an axis between the demands of subjects and circuits of the popular economy in the territories of the city. Therefore in this article one presents an economic, social and cultural analysis of the distritales of marketplaces of Bogota, emphatically in the immersed ones in the Barrios Unidos village. Besides an analysis and evaluation of the project 431 called " strengthening of the system distrital of squares of market. Also doing emphasis in the food insecurity of the above mentioned village and his relation with the human development. Finally to present a measurement of the food consumption estimated for the year 2015 of the same one and his respective results
Especificando un modelo de representaciones del capital humano en la vejez, juventud e infancia
Authors: García Lirios Cruz
Published: May 2019

Studies of propaganda, security, warn youth and old age; 1) the systematic dissemination of crimes Attributed to political corruption; 2) state advertising as legitimate security administrator His rectory; 3) the legitimation of Citizens to Consider them incapable of preventative crime Initiatives; 4) are excluded by the industries older Assuming That They are incapable of self-monitoring and self-care. Specify a model for studying the effects of advertising social security in the representations of aging, youth and old age. A non-experimental, retrospective and exploratory study with a nonrandom was Conducted selection of indexed sources the discretion of explanatory variables between correlations paths... The model included three hypotheses to explain the paths of correlations between four and seven indicators constructs for each. The revised theoretical, conceptual and empirical frameworks warn the inclusion of other variables such as helplessness, self-control farsightedness, beliefs, attitudes and intentions that would complement the specified model. A comprehensive model would explain the correlations paths from theoretical frameworks That Establish the Difference between crime prevention capabilities, systematic observation of corruption with emphasis on Impunity.
Humans and Chimpanzees Display Opposite Patterns of Diversity in Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase Genes
Authors: Vangenot Christelle , Gagneux Pascal , de Groot Natasja G , Baumeyer Adrian , Mouterde Médéric , Crouau-Roy Brigitte , Darlu Pierre , Sanchez-Mazas Alicia , Sabbagh Audrey , Poloni Estella S
Published: May 2019

Among the many genes involved in the metabolism of therapeutic drugs, human arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) genes have been extensively studied, due to their medical importance both in pharmacogenetics and disease epidemiology. One member of this small gene family, NAT2, is established as the locus of the classic human acetylation polymorphism in drug metabolism. Current hypotheses hold that selective processes favoring haplotypes conferring lower NAT2 activity have been operating in modern humans’ recent history as an adaptation to local chemical and dietary environments. To shed new light on such hypotheses, we investigated the genetic diversity of the three members of the NAT gene family in seven hominid species, including modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans. Little polymorphism sharing was found among hominids, yet all species displayed high NAT diversity, but distributed in an opposite fashion in chimpanzees and bonobos (Pan genus) compared to modern humans, with higher diversity in Pan species at NAT1 and lower at NAT2, while the reverse is observed in humans. This pattern was also reflected in the results returned by selective neutrality tests, which suggest, in agreement with the predicted functional impact of mutations detected in non-human primates, stronger directional selection, presumably purifying selection, at NAT1 in modern humans, and at NAT2 in chimpanzees. Overall, the results point to the evolution of divergent functions of these highly homologous genes in the different primate species, possibly related to their specific chemical/dietary environment (exposome) and we hypothesize that this is likely linked to the emergence of controlled fire use in the human lineage.
Azilsartan Medoxomil for Treating Hypertension—Clinical Implications of Recent Trials
Authors: Baker William L , White William B
Published: May 2019

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and clinical role of azilsartan medoxomil, an angiotensin-II receptor blocker (ARB) that recently gained US Food and Drug Administration approval for lowering of blood pressure (BP) in patients with hypertension. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed through October 2011 using the keywords and medical subject headings azilsartan, azilsartan medoxomil, TAK-491, TAK-536, and Edarbi. Citations eligible for inclusion were in vitro or in vivo evaluations of azilsartan medoxomil with no restrictions on patient population or indication used. Data related to the patient populations and outcomes of interest were extracted from each citation. Results: Three trials are available in full publication form, with others available only as abstracts. Azilsartan medoxomil 40 mg and 80 mg daily significantly improves both systolic and diastolic BP from baseline compared with placebo, and the 80 mg dose has greater efficacy than other ARBs, including olmesartan 40 mg daily and valsartan 320 mg daily. Improvements in both 24-hour BP using ambulatory monitoring and clinic BPs, as well as a higher proportion of patients reaching goal, have been seen with azilsartan medoxomil. Additional information shows added BP lowering when azilsartan medoxomil is combined with chlorthalidone. Adverse events are similar with azilsartan medoxomil compared to other ARBs and include headache, dizziness, urinary tract infections, and fatigue. Conclusions: Azilsartan medoxomil is a safe and effective ARB with a unique pharmacologic profile compared with other agents, including slowed angiotensin-II type 1 (AT1) receptor dissociation rates and improved receptor specificity. Studies have shown azilsartan medoxomil 80 mg once daily to reduce BP to a greater extent than valsartan and olmesartan, with similar safety and tolerability.
Baroreflex Sensitivity Assessment—Latest Advances and Strategies
Authors: La Rovere Maria Teresa , Maestri Roberto , Pinna Gian Domenico
Published: May 2019

The baroreflex mechanism has been recognised as a key part of cardiovascular regulation. Alterations in the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex (baroreflex sensitivity [BRS]) contribute to sympathetic–parasympathetic imbalance, playing a major role in the development and progression of many cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, the measurement of the baroreflex is a source of valuable information in the clinical management of cardiac disease patients. This article reviews the most relevant advances for the measurement of BRS and their clinical and prognostic implications. Novel therapeutic strategies, exploring the use of electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus, have been evaluated recently in experimental and preliminary clinical studies to lower blood pressure and to reduce the level of baroreflex-mediated sympathoexcitation in heart failure. A recent study has also shown that the implementation of an artificial baroreflex system to regulate sympathetic vasomotor tone automatically is feasible.
The History of Product Label Changes for DEFINITY® in the US
Authors: Patil Harshal , Main Michael L
Published: May 2019

DEFINITY® (Perflutren Lipid Microsphere Injectable Suspension, Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA) was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2001 for “opacification of the left ventricular border in patients with technically difficult echocardiograms”. Since then, product labeling has been substantially revised on three occasions, initially due to safety concerns, and more recently to reflect a large body of literature which supports the excellent risk–benefit profile of this agent. This article describes in detail the substantive modifications of the product labeling for DEFINITY since 2001, and the associated supportive scientific data and public regulatory meetings.
The Use of Mobile Cardiac Telemetry to Improve Diagnostic Accuracy and Enable More Efficient Patient Care
Authors: Zweibel Steven , Trelfa Melissa
Published: May 2019

Mobile cardiac telemetry (MCT) is a relatively new technology, first approved in 2002 by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which provides continuous realtime outpatient electrocardiographic monitoring for extended periods of time. MCT allows detection of both symptomatic and asymptomatic arrhythmias and has been proven to provide superior diagnostic capability for patients with palpitations, syncope, and pre-syncope. It also allows accurate monitoring of a patient’s rhythm during outpatient drug titration, as well as detection of both symptomatic and asymptomatic atrial fibrillation after cardiac ablation. Since recording of the rhythm is continuous, monitoring of a patient’s heart rate (as well as specific documentation of the initiation and termination of arrhythmias) is possible. This article will focus on how the use of MCT can improve diagnostic accuracy and, when combined with the use of a monitoring service that integrates the patient’s tracings within an electronic medical record, can also improve the efficiency of care given to patients.
The scope of control of the supreme audit office in the Slovak Republic and in the other Visegrad Four countries
Authors: Stašová Lenka Hudáková
Published: May 2019

In this contribution, we evaluate the performance of the Supreme Audit Office's (SAO) audit activity in the Visegrad Four (V4) countries. We focus on the analysis of the control activities of the SAO of the Slovak Republic and we compare the results with other countries. We focused on the SAO's function control, according to the number of controls undertaken over the period 2014–2016, and evaluated an auditors's burden (the number of controls performed by one inspector). We state the positives, but also the risks of expanding the area of control over the self-government bodies, and we put forward proposals to reduce these risks. Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland have the same or similar historical trajectories, cultural and intellectual values and they share common roots of religious traditions. Therefore we assume that they may display certain key similarities in institutional development, including in the area of public finance control. We review how these countries have worked in the area today, with a focus on the period between 2014 and 2016.
Image-Processing Techniques Applied to the Study of the Musculoskeletal System and Its Interactions with Biomaterials
Authors: Merolli A. , Leali P. Tranquilli
Published: May 2019

Over the past decade, orthopedic surgery and related research have made increasing use of the opportunities offered by computers. Many clinical and research procedures rely on medical images (e.g., x-ray films and histology) and their numerical evaluation (e.g., geometric analysis and surface metrology). This has led to the development of computer applications in orthopedics, with computer graphics playing a fundamental role. The image-processing field has also been studied in greater depth, with a view toward enhancing systems automation.

Image processing relies on capturing measurable variations in some image parameters (e.g., light intensity, color, and signal-to-noise ratio). The extracted numerical values then can be used to modify the source image. From this definition, image processing can be considered a measurement technique, and in this light it has been introduced into histomorpho-metrical practice.

Image processing speeds up routine analysis procedures by evaluating, in a less tedious and quicker way, a greater number of images, parameters, or both. Semiautomated computerized image-processing systems have been in use for a long time, based on computer-assisted analysis of objects whose contours were tracked manually by a digitizing cursor. Histological images were, generally, projected from the microscope over a digitizing tablet, with the operator visually recognizing the structure of interest and picking up its contours. The critical advance brought to histomorphometry by semiautomated techniques has been the practical measurement of surface-related parameters.
A DNA-Based Methodology for Preparing Nanocluster Circuits, Arrays, and Diagnostic Materials
Authors: Mirkin Chad A.
Published: May 2019

The following article is an edited transcript of the presentation given by Chad A. Mirkin (Northwestern University), recipient of the 1999 Outstanding Young Investigator award, at the 1999 Materials Research Society Spring Meeting on April 6 in San Francisco. Some examples of new work have been added to the transcript.

Our group has been developing a couple of projects over the past few years, both of which deal with the general area of nanotechnology. We are very excited about this work because we think it will lead to a general methodology for preparing nanostructured materials from common inorganic building blocks and readily available DNA-interconnect molecules. The intellectual payoff from this work will be a greater understanding of the collective interactions between nanoscale building blocks in the context of organized materials, while the technological payoffs range from the development of new and useful types of DNA detection strategies, to highperformance catalysts, to the realization of bioelectronic nanocircuitry.

The field of nanotechnology faces three main challenges. The first is to develop a combination of tools and materials that allows us to make small structures and control the architecture of large structures on the nanometer-length scale. Of course, we must be able to do this routinely before we can really explore this field in detail. The second important challenge is to determine the chemical and physical consequences of miniaturization, which is where the real science comes into play in nanotechnology.
Verbal and nonverbal communication of agency in illness narratives of patients suffering from medically unexplained symptoms (MUS)
Authors: Sowińska Agnieszka
Published: May 2019

The objective of the study is to explore how patients presenting medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) - that is, symptoms that do not have an obvious underlying diagnosis - communicate agency. It is assumed that agency can be exercised verbally through narrative structure and content as well as nonverbally through patients' behaviours, in particular their gestures. This, in turn, points to the ways patients conceptualize their identities and selves. Pauses and disfluencies in the patients' accounts as well as an imprecise use of gestures can indicate a cognitive or conceptual conflict and uncertainty related to MUS. This paper reports on preliminary findings obtained from the analysis of 20 video-filmed interviews with Polish patients with MUS, and presents two case studies of patients who, despite fairly similar medical test results, deliver different illness narratives: (1) a narrative indicative of low agency and characterized by fragmentation, vagueness, repetitiveness and redundancy of content, dispreference markers and the imprecise use of gestures; and (2) a narrative reflecting high agency, characterized by specificity, coherence and the precise use of gestures.
THE RESEARCH ON THE HYDROLYSIS PROCESS OF EGG FROM SEA URCHIN TRIPNEUSTES GRATILLA (LINNAEUS, 1758) TO PRODUCE LOW QUANTITY PROTEIN BY USING INDUSTRIAL ENZYME ALCALASE
Authors: Dinh Kim Hoa Thi , Bich Hoang Thi , Long Pham Quoc , Toan Tran Quoc , Phuong Doan Lan
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT – HCTN 82         The demand for the aquatic products has increased worldwide. In many cases, natural fisheries are overexploited and unable to satisfy the expanding market. Essential efforts to develop marine aquaculture, particularly for high value products, are encouraged and supported by many countries. Sea urchin is an invertebrate member of the phylum Echinodermata of marine animals living on the ocean floor. Recent years it has become increasingly important because of its economic potential, nutritional value and medicinal properties. The objective of this report is to build a process for increasing the value of egg of sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758) collected in Hon Tam, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Viet Nam in 2016. In this report, the industrial enzyme alcalase was used to hydrolysis protein to low quantity protein such as amino acids, oligopeptides that are considered as the valuable source of food.Keywords : Tripneustes gratilla, amino acids, hydrolysis, low quantity protein, sea urchin
In vitro organogenesis and genetic transformation of mandarin cultivars
Authors: Soriano Leonardo , Tavano Eveline Carla da Rocha , Correa Marcelo Favaretto , Harakava Ricardo , Mendes Beatriz Madalena Januzzi , Mourão Filho Francisco de Assis Alves
Published: May 2019

Abstract The in vitro organogenesis of Fremont (Citrus clementina x ), Citrus reticulataThomas (Citrus reticulata), and Nules (Citrus clementina) mandarins was evaluated aiming to optimize a regeneration protocol that could be applied in genetic transformation. The use of epicotyl-derived explants resulted in higher explant responsiveness and number of shoots developed per explant when compared with the use of internodal-derived explants. The highest efficiency in shoot regeneration was observed in the presence of 1 mg L-1 of BAP, regardless of the explant type and cultivar. The in vitro organogenesis protocol produced transgenic plants from three mandarin cultivars expressing attA gene under the control of phloem-specific promoters.
Alternatives to increase the red color of the peel in ‘Daiane’ and ‘Venice’ apples
Authors: Fenili Cristhian Leonardo , Petri José Luiz , Steffens Cristiano André , Martin Mariuccia Schlichting de , Amarante Cassandro Vidal Talamini do , Heinzen Angélica Schmitz
Published: May 2019

Abstract This study aimed evaluate the effect of biostimulants, foliar fertilizers and ethephon on the red color in the peel of ‘Daiane’ and ‘Venice’ apples. The experiments were conducted in Caçador/SC, during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons. In 2015/2016, the treatments were: Control; Biostimulant I; Foliar fertilizer I + Foliar fertilizer II; Biostimulant II and KCl. In 2016/2017, was included the Ethephon treatment. In 2016/2017, Biostimulant I, Foliar fertilizer I + Foliar fertilizer II and Biostimulant II increased the percentage of ‘Daiane’ and ‘Venice’ apples with greater red peel cover, without affecting the quality and maturity of the fruits. In both cultivars, ethephon was treatment that promoted a higher percentage of apples in the category above 80% of red color. Ethephon increased red color intensity of ‘Daiane’ and ‘Venice’ apples, anthocyanin content, starch index, ethylene production and yellowing of background color of the fruits. The red coloration of ‘Venice’ apple peels is enhanced with ethephon, Biostimulant I and Foliar fertilizer I + Foliar fertilizer II and Daiane apples with ethephon, Foliar fertilizer I + Foliar fertilizer II and Biostimulant II.
Evasão ou mobilidade: conceito e realidade em uma licenciatura
Authors: Rangel Flaminio de Oliveira , Stoco Sergio , Silva José Alves da , Testoni Leonardo André , Brockington José Guilherme de Oliveira , Cericato Itale Luciane
Published: May 2019

Resumo: Considerando a saída significativa de alunos no primeiro ano do curso de Licenciatura em Ciências da Universidade Federal de São Paulo e o cenário sócio-político da expansão do ensino superior no país, problematizamos o emprego do conceito de evasão para referir-se a essa saída prematura. Por meio de uma pesquisa-ação com a participação de alunos e de pesquisadores coletamos dados de 2011 a 2016 em questionários online e no diário de campo. Nossos resultados indicam ser necessário uma permanente precisão conceitual do termo evasão, na medida em que a saída antecipada de discentes não se configurou apenas com situações decorrentes do abandono do compromisso com os estudos devido ao insucesso escolar. Diferentemente do descrito em parte da literatura e nas ações institucionais em vários níveis, o discente altera, preventivamente, suas opções de estudo, considerando a mobilidade, as condições de precariedade e as pressões relativas ao trabalho.
Influence of eating habits and socioeconomic profile on students’ oral health
Authors: SANTOS Laís Cardozo dos , OLIVEIRA Daniela da Silva , SILVA Ana Claudia Fontes da , PIMENTEL Ângela Maria de Souza , RIBEIRO Mariana Dias Flor , MARQUES Letícia Côgo
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association between the presence of tooth decay and the eating habits, oral hygiene habits, and socioeconomic profile of children in the fifth grade at the state secondary and elementary school Pedro Simão in Alegre, ES. Methods: Questionnaires were used to evaluate the socioeconomic profile, eating habits, and oral hygiene habits of the fifth-grade students. Then an epidemiological survey on dental caries and on the presence of dental plaque was conducted. After the first clinical examination, the students completed educational and preventive activities about nutritional and oral hygiene education. One week after the performance of the educational actions, the dental plate index was evaluated. Results: The variables “family income” and “number of members” in the family were statistically significant (p≤0.20) with caries association using a bivariate regression analysis. However, variables related to diet did not present a significant association with caries (p>0.20). The initial and final IHOS were 1.85 and 0.92, respectively, which was significantly lower after the intervention (p<0.05). The DMFT was 1.81, which is higher than the average for the Southeast Brazil, obtained in 2010 by the Brazilian National Oral Health Survey (SB Brazil). Conclusion The caries prevalence was high in the sample studied, and the intervention was important to reduce the students’ dental plaque levels and improve their oral hygiene condition. Thus, it is necessary to develop continuous educational programs so that oral health is maintained.
Linguagem oral e escrita na Educação Infantil: relação com variáveis ambientais
Authors: Dias Natália Martins , Bueno Josenilda Oliveira dos Santos , Pontes Juliana Martins , Mecca Tatiana Pontrelli
Published: May 2019

Resumo O estudo investigou a relação de variáveis ambientais (nível socioeconômico, ambiente familiar e frequência à pré-escola) com vocabulário em pré-escolares e desempenho posterior em leitura/escrita. Participaram 68 crianças (Idade média = 4,4 anos) de uma escola pública de Educação Infantil e suas respectivas famílias. Utilizou-se o Teste de Vocabulário Auditivo; pais responderam a um questionário de identificação e à escala ABEP. O inventário HOME foi utilizado para a coleta de informação sobre o ambiente familiar. Seis meses depois, o Teste de Leitura e Escrita foi aplicado. Houve melhor desempenho em vocabulário e em leitura/escrita com a progressão escolar e relação moderada entre essas variáveis. Escolaridade materna relacionou-se ao vocabulário e o tempo de frequência à pré-escola com a escrita. Aspectos específicos do ambiente familiar, como os estilos de interação e variedade de estimulação, associaram-se com vocabulário receptivo. O estudo colabora com a investigação sobre como variáveis do meio podem associar-se ao desenvolvimento linguístico infantil.
Identification of microalgae from waste stabilization ponds and evaluation of electroflotation by alternate current for simultaneous biomass separation and cell disruption
Authors: Florentino Anna Patricya , Costa Mayara Carantino , Nascimento José Gilmar Silva , Abdala-Neto Eliezer Fares , Mota Cesar Rossas , Santos Andre Bezerra dos
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT This work aimed to investigate algal diversity at the genus level in stabilization pond systems treating domestic wastewater and to evaluate the feasibility of an electroflotation by alternate current (EFAC) system for simultaneous microalgae separation and cell disruption. Evaluation of algal diversity showed that the genera Euglena and Chlorella were present in relatively high frequencies in five of the six effluents analyzed. The use of EFAC on an effluent that presented bloom of Chlorella achieved turbidity and chlorophyll-a removal efficiencies higher than 70 and 90%, respectively, after 70 minutes of operation. Total lipid yield for the Chlorella-rich biomass was 21.4±2.02%. Such high biomass lipid content demonstrates the potential for obtaining lipid-based biofuels from wastes. The current paper describes the first attempt, with promising results, at using electroflotation by alternate current for low cost, simultaneous microalgae harvesting and disruption.
A Practical Guide for the Follow-Up of Patients with Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma During Treatment with Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors
Authors: Dessinioti Clio , Plaka Mikaella , Soura Efthymia , Mortaki Despoina , Papaxoinis George , Gogas Helen , Stratigos Alexander J.
Published: May 2019

The Hedgehog pathway inhibitors (HPIs), vismodegib and sonidegib, are increasingly employed in the treatment of patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The aim of this review is to create a synthesis of available information in the literature regarding the follow-up of patients with advanced BCC treated with HPIs and to provide the treating physician with a structured practical guide to standardize clinical practice. Several challenges during treatment are addressed: to optimally evaluate tumor responses, to differentiate between resistance (HPI rechallenge not possible) and recurrence (HPI rechallenge may be possible) in case of BCC regrowth, to readily assess for toxicity and tolerability issues, to provide patients with practical ways and behaviors to effectively cope with adverse events, and to improve patient adherence and quality of life.
Effect of grinding on the quantification of bound water in tricalcium silicate
Authors: Joseph Shiju , Cizer Özlem
Published: May 2019

The effect of grinding hydrated tricalcium silicate (C3S) pastes on the bound water content (BWC) measured by thermogravimetric analysis was investigated. The samples were subjected to different curing regimes at 20°C and 40°C at a constant water to cement ratio of 0·5. Hydration reactions were stopped using a freeze drier. To study the effect of grinding, samples were either roughly crushed or finely ground. Although the amount of water measured from the dehydroxylation of portlandite was not affected by grinding, the total BWC increased with grinding. This increase in the measured BWC was not affected by the studied curing regimes and degrees of hydration of C3S. Fine grinding before hydration stoppage using a freeze dryer produced a BWC similar to that of crushed samples. It is proposed that the increase in measured BWC after grinding is due to the confinement of physically bound water in the interlayers of calcium silicate hydrate.
Study of the reaction stages of alkali-activated cementitious materials using microcalorimetry
Authors: Hoyos-Montilla Ary Alain , Puertas Francisca , Tobón Jorge Ivan
Published: May 2019

The roles of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and temperature on heat flow evolution and its relation to the reaction stages of alkali-activated coal fly ash were evaluated. The response surface method was used to analyse data. Both the heat flow and kinetic parameters were determined by the deconvolution of microcalorimetric signals at 25, 35 and 45°C. The studied factors were found to have a strong influence on the dissolution of ash rich in aluminium units, on the diffusion–nucleation processes and its growth, both initial and final. A sodium hydroxide concentration of 8 M guaranteed optimal reorganisation of the dissolved units to form the reaction products. Calcium hydroxide altered the aluminium distribution in the paste, acting as nucleation spots and intervening in the formation of initial and final reaction products. High temperatures were found to favour the efficiency of the alkali activation, increasing the rate constant and simplifying the expiration of energy barriers. Knowledge of the heat flow evolution in these kinds of cementitious materials will allow manipulation of the characteristics of the mixtures in both the fresh and hardened state.
Increasing understanding and confidence in THM simulations of Engineered Barrier Systems
Authors: Schäfers Annika , Gens Antonio , Rodriguez-Dono Alfonso , Baxter Steven , Tsitsopoulos Vasileios , Holton David , Malmberg Daniel , Sawada Masataka , Yafei Qiao , Ferrari Alessio , Laloui Lyesse , Sjöland Anders
Published: May 2019

Previous studies on the modelling of coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) processes in bentonite-based engineered barrier systems (EBSs) showed the sensitivity of the output quantities to changes in the input parameters. To investigate the effects of uncertainties on the modelling results, to improve the understanding of the coupled processes active in the repository near field and to gain in-depth understanding of model uncertainties of different codes, a sensitivity analysis and code comparison of EBS simulations was performed within the Task Force on Engineered Barrier Systems. The analysis included variations in material parameter values, boundary and initial conditions, considered physical processes and model geometries, amounting to 60 different cases. This in-depth analysis helped evaluate the influence of parameter and conceptual uncertainties on the results of coupled THM simulations and to identify key parameters and processes. The cross-code comparison encouraged a fruitful exchange among modelling teams and led to very good agreements between the results of the different codes. Serving as a benchmark example for THM-coupled simulations of bentonite-based EBSs, the study helped increase the confidence in the modelling capabilities of several codes used for safety evaluations of repositories for spent fuel and high-level radioactive waste.
Realising visions for future cities: an aspirational futures methodology
Authors: Rogers Chris D. F. , Hunt Dexter V. L.
Published: May 2019

Providing for the future needs of society requires civil engineers to envision the far future, embrace the concepts of sustainability, resilience, smartness, liveability and adaptability, and work collaboratively with all urban professionals and policy-makers. Given that most people live, and societies operate, in cities, visions for future cities often inform the civil engineer's ‘brief’. The UK Foresight Future of Cities project and Liveable Cities research consortium combined to create a novel aspirational futures methodology to help define this brief. This paper describes the methodology, which entails co-creation of three extreme aspirational futures, and its application to Bristol and Birmingham, thereby demonstrating the influence of different historical and current contexts. It explores how an engineering intervention – green infrastructure corridors to facilitate urban mobility – if conceived and designed with the intention of delivering multiple benefits, can meet many economic, social and environmental aspirations of a city and it citizens. Discussed in relation to current research and a Policy Commission on Future Urban Living, the results demonstrate the potential to transform engineering value propositions by using robustly-constructed, far-future scenarios to enable all urban professionals to make better, joined-up decisions in harmony with all urban systems, the outcomes being uniquely well-informed alternative business models.
Matching Human Unilateral AKI, a Reverse Translational Approach to Investigate Kidney Recovery after Ischemia
Authors: Soranno Danielle E. , Gil Hyo-Wook , Kirkbride-Romeo Lara , Altmann Christopher , Montford John R. , Yang Haichun , Levine Ani , Buchanan Jane , Faubel Sarah
Published: May 2019

Significance Statement

Unilateral ischemia-reperfusion AKI (UiAKI) occurs during kidney-sparing surgeries, but the effect of ischemia duration on kidney injury or recovery remains unclear. Some have interpreted recent findings from a human study that described reassuring short-term outcomes after UiAKI, even with ischemia lasting up to an hour, as suggesting that the human kidney is remarkably tolerant to prolonged ischemia. Using a murine model matched to parameters of that human study, the authors described longer-term histologic and functional outcomes 14 and 28 days after UiAKI, finding increased fibrosis and reduced GFR in the injured kidney that corresponded to the duration of ischemia. These findings demonstrate that the duration of ischemia affects outcomes, including long-term kidney scarring and functional decline, and that short-term findings can be falsely reassuring.

Background

The duration of renal ischemia that is associated with (or leads to) renal injury in patients is uncertain, and a reverse translational research approach has been proposed to improve animal models of AKI to facilitate clinical translatability. We developed a two murine models of unilateral renal ischemia to match a recently published human study that investigated renal injury after unilateral renal ischemia during partial nephrectomy.

Methods

Eight 10-week-old C57BL/6 male mice underwent left UiAKI or sham procedure, with or without intra-operative ice packs. Functional, histological, and biomarker outcomes were followed at 2, 6 and 24 hours, or 14 or 28 days later. The 14 and 28 day cohorts were duplicated such that contralateral nephrectomy could be performed 3 days prior to sacrifice with functional measurements obtained to isolate the glomerular filtration rate of the injured kidney.

Results

The short-term outcomes correlated with the human study findings with urine and serum biomarkers of injury peaking around 24 hours and then normalizing, and reassuring immediate histological outcomes. Functional and histological outcomes at the later time-points (14 and 28 days) demonstrate an increase in fibrosis markers, and a reduction in glomerular filtration rate in the injured kidney, corresponding to the duration of ischemia, while serum and urine biomarkers remained reassuring.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that clinically available biomarkers of renal function are falsely reassuring against long-term injury following UiAKI, and that the duration of ischemia correlates with impaired function and increased fibrosis.
Normal Placental Development and the Triad of Placental Dysfunction: The Maternal and Fetal Complications
Authors: HOUGH Arielle , CHANDRA Sathees B
Published: May 2019

The placenta is crucial to the development of a fetus, playing a vital role from fertilization of an egg by sperm until the delivery of the fetus. Without the placenta, the fetus would not receive essential nutrients or oxygen from the mother and be able to rid itself of toxic wastes. Given the necessity of this temporary organ, improper formation of the placenta can lead to many health problems. These complications have an effect on the mother as well as the fetus given the essential link the placenta makes between fetal and maternal circulation. The main concerns with impaired placental function are commonly known as the triad of placental dysfunction. The triad of placental dysfunction includes preeclampsia, HELLP Syndrome, and IUGR (Intrauterine Growth Restriction) . The purpose of this review article is to explore the pathogenesis, the diagnostic and predictive criteria, and treatment for the disorders composing the triad of placental dysfunction to allow better outcomes for both the mother and fetus.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN CORRUPTION AND SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: AN APPLICATION FOR OECD COUNTRIES
Authors: İNAM Betül , GÜZEL Simla , MURAT Dilek
Published: May 2019

Corruption is an ancient phenomenon
that weakens all functions of the government, directly affects its monetary and
fiscal policies, and causes permanent social and economic problems by
disrupting human capital. Corruption can cause structural problems (e.g.,
unemployment, unfair distribution of income) to deepen, slow economic growth,
weaken human development and lead to insecurity and social unrest. Statistical
analysis of this concept, which is of great economic significance, was an
important source of motivation for the present study. The current study aimed
to categorize the nations based on corruption levels and to identify the
discriminating economic variables effective in this categorization. Thus,
various economic variables that affect the level of corruption in OECD
countries, including Turkey, were evaluated. The 2013 data for the thirty-four
countries were tested using discriminant analysis in the study.
Mayaro virus real-time RT-PCR - 2016 method v1
Authors: A Northill Judy , M Mackay Ian
Published: May 2019

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an Alphavirus, transmitted by mosquitos in south and central America. This assay is designed to detect a portion of the nsP1 region of MAYV .