bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution and abundance of native marine species and an invasive predator on coral reefs of Eleuthera, the Bahamas
Authors: Davis A C D
Published: September 2017

Ecosystem based management (EBM) is a holistic approach that uses species-specific data to guide management but also incorporates environmental factors such as habitat and human-caused effects. Instead of focusing on the species of interest in isolation, EBM
focuses on the system as a whole in order to create a comprehensive plan that ensures sustainability of the entire system. Though EBM is more common in terrestrial systems, this it is becoming more popular in management of marine ecosystems.
The coral-reef ecosystem in the Bahamas has experienced severe stress in the last few decades. In addition to habitat degradation due to coral bleaching, overfishing, and disease, a predatory fish species invaded the region in the early 2000s. The Indo-Pacific red lionfish (Pterois volitans) has
added insult to an already injured system by reducing densities of a variety of reef fishes, which in some cases leads to local extinction. If we wish to preserve diversity of coral-reef fishes, it is now more important than ever to have a comprehensive view of the local distributions and abundances
of species of importance in order to manage and conserve the ecosystem effectively.
Here I present distribution and abundance maps of the southern edge of Eleuthera Island, the Bahamas, for commercially and economically important native species, as well as the invasive red lionfish. Previous datasets for this area are relatively depauperate and mostly limited to long-line catch and
release of sharks, and time series data of large grouper for one or two isolated locations. By incorporating counts and observations from SCUBA surveys over multiple years with satellite derived bathymetry data, we can create a more comprehensive picture of the macrofauna of the region that will aid
the Bahamian government to manage and conserve species of interest.
Preliminary data indicate that vector ruggedness measure (VRM), rugosity, slope of slope, and bathymetric position index (BPI) are important model variables for predicting lionfish distributions on reefs. Additionally, undersea observations suggest that lionfish learn to evade divers on shallow
reefs and may avoid areas that may have high human traffic, such as reefs with mooring balls or close to harbours. These patterns indicate that locations of popular dive sites and distance from shore may also be informative variables for predicting the distribution of
lionfish.
Coverage and quality of seafloor imagery - a comparison between towed video platforms and AUV borne still images
Authors: Jakobsen F , Bellec V , Thorsnes T
Published: September 2017

The MAREANO programme has mapped c. 175,000 square kilometres of the Norwegian continental shelf and slope since 2005. Geological seafloor mapping is usually based on a combination of ship-mounted multibeam echosounders, sub-bottom profiler, grab samples and
towed video platforms (Campod) for visual inspection. From a geological perspective we wanted to compare this technology with data collected from an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) in terms of area coverage and image quality.
Here we present a pilot project where we tested the use of an AUV as a platform to collect both acoustic and visual data. An AUV borne TFish colour photo system was used to collect high quality still images of the seafloor in high spatial resolution. The average Campod video transects used in
MAREANO are about 700 m long and takes c. 30 minutes. During this time interval the AUV can travel a distance between 3600- 7200 m, and cover an average area of c. 32 000 square metres. In comparison the Campod video data only covers an area of c. 1500 square metres.
The image quality from data acquired by towed video platforms and AUVs depends on a number of factors such as flight height, water turbidity, terrain roughness (particularly for AUVs), optical quality of the imaging system and wave movements (for towed systems).
We will discuss the suitability of the platforms and their pro's and con's in terms of area coverage and image quality.
Habitat modeling as a predictive tool for analyzing spatial shifts in Antarctic benthic communities due to global climate change
Authors: Jerosch K , Scharf F K , Deregibus D , Campana G L , Zacher K , Pehlke H , Falk U , Hass H C , Quartino M
L , Abele D
Published: September 2017

Ensemble habitat modeling is a tool in the multivariate analysis of arbitrary species or community distribution which combines models of best fit to an optimized model (ensemble model, EM). To simulate spatial variation of communities and predict the impact of
climate change, it is essential to identify the distribution-controlling factors. Macroalgae biomass production in polar regions is determined by environmental factors such as irradiance, which are modified under climate change impact. In coastal fjords of King George Island/Isla 25 de Mayo,
Antarctica, suspended particulate matter (SPM) from glacial melting causes shading of algal communities during summer. Ten different species distribution models (SDMs) were applied to predict macroalgae distribution based on their statistical relationships with environmental variables. The
suitability of the SDMs was assessed by two different evaluation methods. Those SDMs based on a multitude of decision trees such as Random Forest and Classification Tree Analysis reached the highest predictive ability followed by generalized boosted models and maximum-entropy approaches. We achieved
excellent results for the current status EM (true scale statistics 0.833 and relative operating characteristics 0.975). The environmental variables hard substrate and SPM were identified as the best predictors explaining more than 60 % of the modelled distribution. Additional variables distance
to glacier, total organic carbon, bathymetry and slope increased the explanatory power proved by cross-validation. Presumably, the SPM load of the meltwater streams on the Potter Peninsula will continue to increase at least linearly. We therefore coupled the EM with changing SPM conditions
representing enhanced or reduced melt water input. Increasing SPM by 25% decreased predicted macroalgal coverage by approximately 38%. The ensemble species distribution modelling helps to identify the important factors controlling spatial distribution and can be used to link causes to
effects in (Antarctic) coastal community change.
Using the benthoscape approach in an offshore marine protected area - a case study on St. Ann's Bank (Atlantic Canada)
Authors: Lacharité M , Brown C J , Gazzola V
Published: September 2017

The establishment of multibeam echosounders (MBES) as a mainstream tool in ocean mapping has facilitated integrative approaches towards nautical charting, benthic habitat mapping, and seafloor geotechnical surveys. The inherent bathymetric and backscatter
information generated by MBES enables marine scientists to present highly accurate bathymetric data with a spatial resolution closely matching that of terrestrial mapping. A range of post-processing approaches can generate customized thematic seafloor maps to meet multiple ocean management needs,
thus extracting maximum value from a single survey data set.
Applying objective segmentation methods when analyzing backscatter data collected using a variety of multibeam echo sounder systems from a study can pose challenges due to the non-calibrated nature of the sounders. The lack of backscatter calibration, due for example, to system-specific settings and
characteristics of the water column during acquisition, yield relative rather than absolute values. This hinders the creation of habitat maps if multiple, non-overlapping surveys are available. Here, we first describe an approach using object-based image analysis and supervised classification to
combine 4 non-overlapping and uncalibrated MBES coverages to form a seamless habitat map on St. Ann's Bank (Atlantic Canada), a proposed marine protected area hosting a diversity of benthic habitats. The benthoscape map was produced by analysing each coverage independently with supervised
classification (kk-nearest neighbour) of image-objects based on a common suite of 6 benthoscape classes (determined with 4164 ground-truthing photographs at 61 stations, and characterized with backscatter, bathymetry, and bathymetric position index). Manual re-classification based on uncertainty in
membership values to individual classes - especially at the boundaries between coverages - was used to build the final benthoscape map.
We then propose how this thematic map can be used to support ocean management, in particular by examining the potential role of organism-landscape relationships when framing conservation strategies. Given the costs and scarcity of MBES surveys in offshore marine ecosystems - particularly in large
ecosystems in need of adequate conservation strategies, such as in Canadian waters - developing approaches to synthesize multiple datasets to meet management needs is warranted.
How to improve the quality and the reproducibility for acoustic seafloor characterization
Authors: Masetti G , Calder B R , Mayer L A
Published: September 2017

Current commercial solutions for processing acoustic data with the aim of seafloor characterization does not take full advantage of the wide spectra of information collected by modern sonars (e.g., water column data, multiple sectors). In addition, those
solutions tend to act as a 'magic black-box' with only a few user-defined parameters. This can be seen as an advantage (it makes these technologies available to a large community), but it also engenders a lack of data reproducibility. Currently, it is a real challenge to 'properly' merge
backscatter-based products from different vendors (and even from the same vendor given the lack of metadata).
In order to mitigate both issues, we developed a different approach. The proposed workflow is organized into two main phases: the first part focuses on artifact identification and reduction, while the second part is product-oriented. The artifact-oriented phase applies a (growing) set of algorithms
to facilitate the identification of corrupted data so that they can then be ignored or, if required by the user, reconstructed using several different techniques. This approach also provides a metric that can then be used to identify which ping should be excluded during seafloor characterization.
The first phase is cleanly separated from the product creation. At the end of it, corrected data in the sonar's native format are generated together with an (optional) 'difference' file (containing only the data that has been modified) and a human-readable and computer-interpretable textual
description of all the applied processes. This 'native-format' solution is better than converting the data to a hybrid generic data format which may not adequately preserve all of the important information from the file. The 'difference' files reduce the amount of data storage since they contain
only the changes, rather than doubling the storage requirement. An additional advantage is modularity. For instance, based on the kind of survey different strategies combining the identification and reduction methods can be built. Once the valid, corrected data files are created, they can be
mosaicked or analyzed for seafloor characterization by the user-preferred application.
The proposed approach is demonstrated with real-world data by first using a set of bubble washdown detection algorithms, then improving the quality of the generated outputs. Specifically, the mosaic is created after the reconstruction of the corrupted samples with a weighted randomization schema,
while the seafloor characterization is improved by ignoring the corrupted data.
A possible future development of this approach is to carry all the line-based descriptions of the applied processes together with the products. To make this possible in a robust way, we propose the creation of an open, community-driven product data format mimicking what has been done for bathymetric
data by the Open Navigation Surface Working Group (BAG format).
The use of 3D photogrammetry to investigate cold-water coral habitat structure and the spatial distribution of associated communities
Authors: Price D M , Robert K , Huvenne V A I , Bates A , Lo Lacono C , Hall R , Callaway A
Published: September 2017

Seafloor mapping at different scales via multibeam echosounder (MBES) has become a prominent tool for characterizing marine habitats. Cold-water coral reefs, for example, have been mapped from shipboard, AUV and ROV mounted MBES systems, providing increasing
clarity into their spatial extent and habitat heterogeneity. Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques which create high-resolution 3D models of habitats are being increasingly utilised, in tandem with the potential for 3D spatial analysis in ecological research. This tool is becoming especially common
for surveying shallow water coral reefs. Here we provide 3D reconstructions of a cold-water coral reef, located at 750m water depth in the Explorer Canyon, a tributary of the Whittard Canyon, NE Atlantic - England's only known living coral reef.
ROV video data were collected during the JC125 expedition, funded by the ERC CODEMAP project (Starting Grant no 258482) and the NERC MAREMAP programme. These data were processed with Agisoft Photoscan software to reconstruct 3D point-cloud models for an area covering 11.3mx8.7m of the reef. Digital
elevation models derived from the 3D reconstruction allowed for spatial terrain analysis. Rugosity and slope clearly relates to reef patches as expected, showcasing the habitat complexity that coral adds to the environment, and rugosity values were comparable to tropical coral reefs. Viewing the
reef from different angles revealed the presence of individual organisms that would have otherwise been missed by a typical linear transect. Using the raw video data and 3D model, we were able to plot the fine scale distribution of reef inhabitants. The use of habitat suitability modelling with the
3D reconstructions provided promising insights into what drives fine-scale species distribution and biodiversity within reef habitats. Ultimately, analysing fine-scale parameters of cold-water coral reefs in 3D provides novel and detailed information about reef communities.
Implementing sustainable harvesting of Arctic Surf Clam in Atlantic Canada through the use of high-resolution seafloor habitat maps
Authors: Sarty M , Mosher J , Gazzola V , Brown C J
Published: September 2017

Clearwater Seafoods, founded in Nova Scotia in 1976, has grown into one of the world's leading seafood companies. The company's core philosophy is based on sustainability and stewardship at sea and onshore, recognizing that healthy oceans are fundamental to
business success. The development and implementation of enhanced seafloor maps of fishing grounds, depicting predicted habitat distributions of target species, is one of Clearwater's primary objectives within their Harvest Science operations. These onboard visualizations contribute to the
development of corporate resource-management frameworks for (1) sustainable stock assessment for the spatial regions, (2) improved offshore harvest efficiencies for the target species, and (3) significant reductions of the fishery's footprint on the ocean floor.
To contribute towards achieving these objectives, Clearwater Harvest Science has been collaborating with the Nova Scotia Community College to develop seafloor habitat maps for its clam fishery using multibeam echo sounder (MBES) data collected in 2007 and 2008 on Banquereau Bank, and more recently
in 2016 on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland.
Here we demonstrate how MBES backscatter, bathymetry, and secondary-derived bathymetric layers (e.g. slope, curvature, etc.) have been used to model predictive habitat for Arctic Surf Clam (Mactromeris polynyma) - Clearwater's target fishery on the banks. Utilizing onboard visualization
applications, Clearwater's Fishing Masters are able to target, with precise accuracy, the most preferred benthic areas of the banks.
Species Distribution Modelling (SDM) maps and images are being developed and continuously evaluated along with commercial catch data from the Clearwater Harvest Management database to demonstrate the credibility and validity of the maps and to measure the company's harvest efficiencies and
subsequent performance measurement. SDM maps, along with backscatter and bathymetry information, have become important tools and are routinely used aboard Clearwater's clam fishing vessels to target fishing areas thus providing for sustainability of the ocean and resource, and the most efficient
harvesting of quotas.
Although only in the early stages of the project, evidence from fishing performance over recent months have suggested that the use of this information can increase catch rates, reduce bottom contact of the fishing gear, and results in a significant increase in revenue from a fishing trip. For a
quota-based fishery, this demonstrates the combined economic and environmental benefits these advanced seafloor habitat maps can offer.
Habitat mapping towards an ecosystem approach in marine spatial planning
Authors: Schiele K S , Darr A , Pesch R , Schuchardt B , Kuhmann C
Published: September 2017

Marine spatial planning (MSP) coordinates human activities at sea to avoid spatial conflict and to identify suitable space for these activities. Successful planning requires the best available data to base decision upon. Nevertheless, marine plans have been
prepared without e.g. high resolution habitat or biotope maps being available for the planning area.
As the ecosystem approach has been widely adopted as an overarching principle of MSP, mapping of benthic biotopes has become even more relevant to identify areas of importance for nature conservation.
Our study provides a scientific basis for an ecosystem approach in MSP by 1) developing biotope maps, 2) identifying relevant areas/ spatial claims for nature conservation and 3) considering trans-national issues. We present work from the Baltic Sea and the North Sea focusing on offshore waters.
The maps illustrate the distribution of benthic species, habitats and biotopes according to different levels in the regional classification systems (EUNIS or HELCOM Underwater Biotope classification system). Regional applicability and comparability of classification systems is of special relevance
e.g. to identify stepping stones in biotope networks that extend to the waters of neighboring countries.
Areas where protected species and biotopes occur are evaluated in terms of ecological importance (hot-spot for the species, size, and ecological condition). The most important areas are identified as spatial claims for nature conservation. While a broad overlap of these areas with already designated
MPAs confirm their relevance, additional areas outside the borders of MPAs were identified. This finding highlights the importance of MSP for nature conservation.
Based on current research we provide scientific information translated into spatial claims for nature conservation to be considered in an integrated ocean management. Planners and decision makers are enabled to make more informed choices and thus reaching better decisions.
Application of detailed mapping of seafloor in identification and assessment of environmental conditions of the southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Szefler K , Rudowski S , Wróblewski R , Gajewski L
Published: September 2017

Nowadays, application of integrated sets of non-invasive methods allows thorough identification of geological and topographical features of the seafloor as well as it enables production of sharp cartographic images.
Opportunities offered by this method were presented on the example of a fragment of morainic seafloor from the Southern Baltic with relics of a moraine and with modern abrasive and accumulative seabed formations.
Results of MBES and SSS measurements were elaborated in the form of bathymetric and geomorphological charts. There were presented also profiles and cross-sections obtained in the course of MBES and SES measurements as well as images of the seafloor surface based on SES measurements and images of
smaller forms, e.g. ripple marks, sand waves, and other forms recorded with use of ROV TV. The measurements conducted in the survey polygon constitute a preliminary stage to works that are to be performed over bigger areas. These works shall be associated, among others, with habitats and monitoring
of condition and changes in the seafloor generated by natural and anthropogenic impact (such as laying of cables and construction of wind turbines).
Spatial Distribution of Pemphigus Occurrence over Five Decades in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Celere Beatriz Smidt , Vernal Sebastian , La Serra Leonardo , Franco Brochado Maria José , Moschini Luiz Eduardo , Roselino Ana Maria , Segura-Muñoz Susana Inés
Published: September 2017

Well-defined locations of pemphigus cases support the hypothesis of environmental factors’ involvement in its etiopathogenesis; however, these foci have never been described using specialized geographical tools. This is the first report to geo-reference pemphigus cases in a high-prevalence Brazilian region using geographic information systems. We aimed to report the spatio-temporal behavior of pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and vulgaris (PV) in southeastern Brazil, over the last five decades to describe geographical clusters, as well as to characterize the land use in the city with the highest number of cases. Patients were identified from 1965 to 2014. Maps were developed using ArcGIS software and organized into decades from 1965 to 2014. Ribeirão Preto was identified as the city with the greatest number of cases. Land use was analyzed within a 2 km-buffer surrounding the residence of each patient. A total of 426 cases of pemphigus were identified. PF was the predominant form (285 cases); notwithstanding, the number of new cases of PV rose, overtaking the number of new cases of PF in the last decade studied. Agricultural area (42%) and exposed soil (33.2%) are the most predominant land uses in Ribeirão Preto surrounding patients’ residences. This study shows high-confidence geographical foci of PF and PV, as well as provides evidence of an increase of both clinical forms over the last five decades. All cases of PV and PF are in proximity to rivers and agricultural areas which reinforce the hypothesis that environmental factors play a role in pemphigus etiopathogenesis.
Defining Persistent Hotspots: Areas That Fail to Decrease Meaningfully in Prevalence after Multiple Years of Mass Drug Administration with Praziquantel for Control of Schistosomiasis
Authors: Kittur Nupur , Binder Sue , Campbell Carl H. , King Charles H. , Kinung’hi Safari , Olsen Annette , Magnussen Pascal , Colley Daniel G.
Published: September 2017

Preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel for schistosomiasis morbidity control is commonly done by mass drug administration (MDA). MDA regimen is usually based on prevalence in a given area, and effectiveness is evaluated by decreases in prevalence and/or intensity of infection after several years of implementation. Multiple studies and programs now find that even within well-implemented, multiyear, annual MDA programs there often remain locations that do not decline in prevalence and/or intensity to expected levels. We term such locations “persistent hotspots.” To study and address persistent hotspots, investigators and neglected tropical disease (NTD) program managers need to define them based on changes in prevalence and/or intensity. But how should the data be analyzed to define a persistent hotspot? We have analyzed a dataset from an operational research study in western Tanzania after three annual MDAs using four different approaches to define persistent hotspots. The four approaches are 1) absolute percent change in prevalence; 2) percent change in prevalence; 3) change in World Health Organization guideline categories; 4) change (absolute or percent) in both prevalence and intensity. We compare and contrast the outcomes of these analyses. Our intent is to show how the same dataset yields different numbers of persistent hotspots depending on the approach used to define them. We suggest that investigators and NTD program managers use the approach most suited for their study or program, but whichever approach is used, it should be clearly stated so that comparisons can be made within and between studies and programs.
Representación de distribuciones tensionales en elementos lineales prismáticos y cilíndricos
Authors: Giménez-Palomares Fernando , Jiménez-Mocholí Antonio-José , Lapuebla-Ferri Andrés , Monsoriu-Serra Juan-Antonio
Published: September 2017

Las cargas aplicadas sobre un elemento estructural lineal generan esfuerzos en las secciones transversales que, a su vez, se traducen en tensiones a lo largo del mismo. La naturaleza, magnitud y la forma de actuación de las distribuciones tensionales son parámetros de obligado cálculo para el dimensionado o la comprobación de la resistencia de elementos estructurales o de piezas de maquinaria. En este trabajo se presenta un laboratorio virtual que permite obtener distintas distribuciones tensionales en una viga isostática, prismática o cilíndrica, sometida a esfuerzos axiles, esfuerzos cortantes y momentos flectores. El laboratorio virtual posibilita una gran interactividad, permitiendo la simulación de diversas situaciones reales en las que el usuario puede modificar a su conveniencia la magnitud, dirección y sentido de aplicación de las cargas, así como las condiciones de contorno de la viga. El objetivo último de este trabajo es presentar una herramienta orientada a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de asignaturas de grado universitario relacionadas con las materias Elasticidad y Resistencia de Materiales.
Contraste numérico-experimental de un modelo matemático que simula el movimiento del flujo en condiciones de aguas someras incluyendo las pérdidas de energía
Authors: Balaguer-Beser A. , Rodríguez-Benlloch F. J. , Nácher-Rodríguez B. , Vallés-Morán F. J.
Published: September 2017

En este trabajo se efectúa una comparación entre los resultados obtenidos en experimentos de laboratorio y aquellos calculados mediante una simulación numérica del movimiento de aguas someras en un canal abierto, considerando las pérdidas de energía que tienen lugar a su paso por un estrechamiento localizado. El modelo matemático que simula dicho fenómeno físico se rige mediante un sistema de ecuaciones en derivadas parciales cuya solución proporciona el calado (profundidad del agua) y el caudal por unidad de ancho, el cual está relacionado con la velocidad del agua. Dicho movimiento, está controlado básicamente por la fuerza de la gravedad siendo fundamental la relación entre ésta y las fuerzas inerciales. En el presente estudio se han tenido también en cuenta las pérdidas de energía originadas por la fricción del agua con los contornos así como las pérdidas locales por obstáculos o cambios de ancho. Para obtener las soluciones de dicho modelo se ha usado un esquema numérico basado en el método de volúmenes finitos de alta resolución. Se han efectuado dos tipos de ensayos en un canal de laboratorio. Los del primer tipo representan una transición en régimen lento, aguas arriba y aguas abajo de un estrechamiento en el canal. Los del segundo tipo representan un régimen lento aguas arriba, un estrechamiento que funciona como control (cambio de régimen) y un régimen rápido aguas abajo. La comparativa numérico-experimental demuestra la importancia de modelizar adecuadamente los distintos fenómenos físicos que intervienen en el proceso, así como la correcta imposición de las condiciones de contorno del problema.
Desarrollo de habilidades de modelación desde las ecuaciones más simples de la Hidrodinámica
Authors: Castro-Palacio Juan Carlos , Velázquez-Abad Luisberis , Perea Milton H. , Navarro-Pardo Esperanza , Acosta-Iglesias Dagoberto , Fernández-de-Córdoba-Castellá Pedro
Published: September 2017

El desarrollo de habilidades relacionadas con la modelación es un aspecto esencial en la enseñanza de las ciencias hoy en día. El presente trabajo ilustra una propuesta de cómo desarrollar habilidades de modelación físico-matemáticas desde las ecuaciones más simples de la hidrodinámica, es decir, la ecuación de Bernoulli y la ecuación de continuidad. Estas ecuaciones representan la conservación de la energía y de la masa, respectivamente, y están presentes comúnmente en los programas de Física para la Enseñanza Secundaria y Universidad. A través del proyecto propuesto, el estudiante transita a través de etapas generales usualmente presentes en los proyectos de innovación ingenieril o de investigación, es decir, el surgimiento de la idea inicial, el planteamiento del modelo físico, la exploración computacional del mismo, y la comparación con medidas experimentales. El proyecto presentado hace uso directo de habilidades tales como la realización de ajustes y análisis gráficos, típicas en los perfiles de ingenieros e investigadores en la actualidad. Por otro lado, los estudiantes presentan más motivación por aquellas situaciones más cercanas a la realidad que por las muy idealizadas.
Simulación numérica de un conjunto de altavoces subwofers utilizando Elementos Finitos
Authors: Banyuls-Juan Xavier , Atiénzar-Navarro Roberto , Picó R.
Published: September 2017

La enseñanza en el Máster de Ingeniería Acústica incluye contenido que requiere la modelización de sistemas acústicos de dos tipos: sistemas simples usando la teoría analítica y modelos complejos usando técnicas de simulación. En este trabajo, se describe un ejemplo de modelado de fuentes acústicas complejas mediante el método de los elementos finitos: la radiación sonora del altavoz de subgraves en diferentes configuraciones. Las simulaciones numéricas en el dominio de la frecuencia permiten calcular el patrón de radiación de sistemas que no tienen una solución analítica sencilla.
Los problemas de Fermi como actividades para introducir la modelización: qué sabemos y qué más deberíamos saber
Authors: Albarracín Lluís
Published: September 2017

Los problemas de Fermi han sido ampliamente utilizados en la enseñanza de la Física a nivel universitario en Estados Unidos. En la literatura pueden encontrarse múltiples recomendaciones de uso en otros ámbitos educativos, como sería el caso de la introducción de la modelización matemática, pero todavía no se ha logrado su presencia en las aulas de matemáticas. En este artículo presentamos este tipo de problemas y discutimos sobre su definición y sus características, que los hacen especialmente interesantes para utilizar las matemáticas en contextos reales. También repasamos aquellos aspectos que ha sido investigados desde la perspectiva de la Educación Matemática, en especial la forma en la que los alumnos generan modelos matemáticos al resolverlos y apuntamos algunas direcciones que deberían ser tratadas en futuras investigaciones.
Role of Narrow Band Imaging in Relation to Stroboscopy and White Light Laryngoscopy in Diagnosis of Benign Nonvascular Glottic Lesions
Authors: Shedge Ajay E , Gupta Harsh K , Arya Archana A
Published: September 2017

Objective

To evaluate the role of narrow band imaging (NBI) in detecting benign nonvascular glottic lesions.

Materials and methods

Our study is a retrospective and prospective analysis of 247 patients with suspected benign glottic lesions who presented to our voice clinic over a 6-month duration. Patients were diagnosed on stroboscopy (by the first author) and divided into three groups consisting of leukoplakia, sulci, and cysts. A white light (WL) laryngoscopy and NBI examination was performed by an independent laryngologist (not an author) followed by a comparative analysis. The final gold standard for diagnosis was microlaryngoscopy with or without histopathology. Sensitivity of each modality for diagnosis of the three groups was calculated.

Results

The NBI is more sensitive for diagnosing leukoplakia. Stroboscopy is more sensitive for diagnosing sulcus.

Conclusion

Small vocal fold lesions may be missed on WL laryngoscopy. Stroboscopy helps in the diagnosis of structural glottic lesions affecting mucosal wave pattern. Many studies have shown that NBI light highlights the vasculature in superficial mucosal and subepithelial layers. This study is an analysis of the value of NBI in detecting relatively avascular glottic lesions, such as leukoplakia, sulci, and cysts.

How to cite this article

Nerurkar NK, Shedge AE, Gupta HK, Arya AA. Role of Narrow Band Imaging in Relation to Stroboscopy and White Light Laryngoscopy in Diagnosis of Benign Nonvascular Glottic Lesions. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2017;7(1):1-5.
Effect of Kashima's Surgery in Bilateral Abductor Vocal Cord Palsy
Authors: Issac Manju E
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Bilateral abductor palsy is treated by tracheostomy or any lateralization procedure. Kashima's surgery is a lateralization procedure introduced by Kashima in 1989.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of Kashima's surgery using subjective measures of breathing quality in patients with bilateral abductor palsy.

Materials and methods

This is a prospective study with 31 patients (3 men, 28 women) who underwent Kashima's surgery between January 2013 and December 2015 in the Laryngology department. Subjective evaluation was done by using dyspnea index score in the pre- and postoperative periods. Dyspnea index score is calculated based on answers given to a 7-point questionnaire and assessed by Likert scale, a self-assessment scale. For each point, the scores range from 0 to 3, and the maximum score is 21. Patients who already had tracheotomy were given a score of 14. This score was calculated again using the same questionnaire in the pretracheostomy scenario.

Results

There is significant reduction in the dyspnea index score with a median reduction score of 9 and improvement of quality-of-life after Kashima's surgery.

Conclusion

Dyspnea index score is easy to administer. Considering the cost of treatment and high success rate of decannulation, it is obvious that Kashima's surgery is effective and affordable in bilateral abductor palsy.

How to cite this article

Issac ME. Effect of Kashima's Surgery in Bilateral Abductor Vocal Cord Palsy. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2017;7(1):10-12.
Outcome of Microlaryngeal Surgery for Vocal Fold Polyp on Quality of Voice
Authors: Menon Jayakumar R , Issac Manju E , Nath HS Sabari , Binukrishnan Ragitha , Sebastian Akhila
Published: September 2017

Aim

To study the outcome of microlaryngeal surgery for vocal fold polyp on quality of voice with voice handicap index-10 (VHI-10).

Objective

Microlaryngeal surgery for vocal fold polyp will improve the quality of voice.

Materials and methods

This is a nonrandomized prospective study with a quasi-experimental design. A total of 36 patients presenting with vocal cord polyp and who underwent a microlaryngeal surgery for the same from March 2016 to August 2016 were included in the study. All the patients were given a self-reporting questionnaire consisting of 10 questions — VHI-10 — and asked to score it. The same questionnaire was given 6 weeks postmicrolaryngeal surgery to these patients and both scores were compared.

Results

The mean age of the study population was 44.67 ± 0.34 with the maximum number of patients in the age group 31 to 50. Out of the 36 patients, 27 were males and 9 females. A total of 22 (61%) patients had right-sided polyp and 14 (39%) had left-sided polyp. The majority of the patients were voice professionals, with the maximum number being that of teachers. The mean preoperative and postoperative VHI-10 was 30.36 ± 6.42 and 1.11 ± 1.76 respectively. The reduction in preoperative and postoperative scores gave a p-value of <0.05 at a confidence interval of 95%.

How to cite this article

Nath HSS, Menon JR, Issac ME, Binukrishnan R, Sebastian A. Outcome of Microlaryngeal Surgery for Vocal Fold Polyp on Quality of Voice. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2017;7(1):13-15.
Thyroglossal Cyst Papillary Carcinoma: What Next Step must be done?
Authors: Thakur Jagdeep S
Published: September 2017

Thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) are usually midline structure of the neck. The coexistence of carcinomas in TGDCs is found rarely, with most being papillary carcinomas. Usually, the diagnosis is made postoperatively after excision of the cyst. Although the Sistrunk procedure is often regarded as adequate, various controversies exist concerning the need for thyroidectomy depending on histopathological findings. We are reporting the case of a 56-year-old man, diagnosed with papillary carcinoma within a TGDC, who underwent total thyroidectomy as has been recommended for differentiated papillary cancer.

How to cite this article

Gupta R, Mohindroo NK, Azad R, Thakur JS. Thyroglossal Cyst Papillary Carcinoma: What Next Step must be done? Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2017;7(1):23-26.
Recent field experiments with commercial satellite imagery direct downlink
Authors: Gonzalez, BSc Anthony R. , Amber, PhD Samuel H.
Published: September 2017

US Pacific Command's strategy includes assistance to United States government relief agencies and nongovernment organizations during humanitarian aid and disaster relief operations in the Asia-Pacific region. Situational awareness during these operations is enhanced by broad interagency access to unclassified commercial satellite imagery. The Remote Ground Terminal—a mobile satellite downlink ground station—has undergone several technology demonstrations and participated in an overseas deployment exercise focused on a natural disaster scenario. This ground station has received new commercial imagery within 20 minutes, hastening a normally days-long process. The Army Geospatial Center continues to manage technology development and product improvement for the Remote Ground Terminal. Furthermore, this ground station is now on a technology transition path into the Distributed Common Ground System-Army program of record.
Women's status in disasters: A gap between experts’ desk
Authors: Sohrabizadeh, PhD Sanaz
Published: September 2017

Although international agreements have achieved significant milestones in the improvement of women's status, experiences from the fields show a discrepancy between words and actions. The aim of this brief communication was to identify the gap between experts’ perceptions and the findings of a large qualitative field survey on women's status in the recent natural disasters of Iran. A total of 10 experts were asked to fill a checklist, which consisted of the concepts extracted from field data. The range of agreement between experts’ perceptions and field data was between 40 and 100 percent. In conclusion, although literature review and international research papers can provide appropriate information for both experts and managers, meeting the various needs of women living in the affected regions requires field-based surveys.
Resilience mediates the relationship between social support and post-traumatic stress symptoms in police officers
Authors: McCanlies, PhD Erin C. , Gu, MPH Ja Kook , Andrew, PhD Michael E. , Burchfiel, PhD Cecil M. , Violanti, PhD John M.
Published: September 2017

Objective: Police officers in the New Orleans geographic area faced a number of challenges following Hurricane Katrina in 2005.Design: This cross-sectional study examined gratitude, resilience, and satisfaction with life as mediators in the association between social support and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in 82 male and 31 female police officers. The Gratitude Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List were used to measure gratitude, resilience, satisfaction with life, and social support, respectively. PTSD symptoms were measured using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C). Ordinary least square regression mediation analysis was used to estimate direct and indirect effects among gratitude, resilience, satisfaction with life, social support, and PTSD symptoms. All models were adjusted for age, alcohol, race, and previous military experience.Results: Mean PCL-C symptoms were 29.1 (standard deviation [SD] = 14.4) for females and 27.9 (SD = 12.1) for males. There was no direct relationship between social support and PTSD symptoms (c9 = −0.041; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.199, 0.117) independent of the indirect effect through resilience (effect = −0.038; 95%CI = −0.099, −0.002). Neither gratitude (effect = −0.066; 95% CI = −0.203, 0.090) nor satisfaction with life (effect = −0.036, 95% CI = −0.131, 0.046) contribute to the indirect effect.Conclusions: These results indicate that resilience mediates the relationship between social support and symptoms of PTSD. Targeting social support and resilience in officers may facilitate reduction of PTSD symptoms.
The social construction of disasters in the United States: A historical and cultural phenomenon
Authors: Neaves, PhD Tonya T. , Wachhaus, PhD T. Aaron , Royer, MPAc Grace A.
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Societal risks from hazards are continually increasing. Each year, disasters cause thousands of deaths and cost billions of dollars. In the first half of 2011, the United States endured countless disasters—winter snowstorms in the Midwest and Northeast; severe tornadic weather in the Mississippi, Alabama, and Missouri; flash flooding in Nashville; flooding along the Mississippi River; an earthquake on the East Coast, wildfires in Texas, and Hurricane Irene. Fundamental disaster planning is regarded as an interdisciplinary approach to develop strategies and instituting policies concerned with phases of emergency management; as such, its needs are predicated on the identification of hazards and assessment of risks.Problem: Even if the probability or intensity of risks to disasters remains fairly constant, population growth, alongside economic and infrastructural development, will unavoidably result in a concomitant increase of places prone to such events. One of the greatest barriers to emergency management efforts is the failure to fully grasp the socially and politically constructed meaning of disasters.Purpose: This article investigates the ways in which language has been used historically in the American lexicon to make sense of disasters in the United States in an effort to improve communal resiliency. Serving as both an idea and experience, the terminology used to convey our/the modern-day concept of disaster is a result of a cultural artifact, ie, a given time and specific place.Methodology: Tools such as Google Ngram Viewer and CASOS AutoMap are used to explore the penetration, duration, and change in disaster terminology among American English literature for more than 200 years, from 1800 to 2008, by quantifying written culture.Findings: The language of disasters is an integral part of disaster response, as talking is the primary way that most people respond to and recover from disasters. The vast majority of people are not affected by any given disaster, and so it is through discussing a disaster that people make sense of it, respond, and react to it, and fit something that is overwhelming and beyond human control into the normal order of life.
The relationship between social capital and potential resilience in individuals
Authors: Hahn, MA, MBA Daniel , Willis, MA Tierra L. , Christie, MA A. Ruthie , Mathews, PhD Samuel R.
Published: September 2017

Objective: To examine the relationship between social capital and potential resilience at the individual level from the perspective of emergency management.Methods: The authors used an online survey tool to present various scales of measurement related to the variables of social capital and potential resilience. Results: It was predicted that social capital and demographics, such as income, would be positively related to potential resilience. Overall, results indicated that income (β = 0.33, p < 0.01) and social capital (β = 0.32, p < 0.01) were both significant predictors of potential resilience. Implications and future directions for research and practices are discussed.
Defining a risk-informed framework for whole-of-government lessons learned: A Canadian perspective
Authors: Friesen, MA Shaye K. , Kelsey, PhD Shelley , Legere, BA, MDS J. A. (Jim)
Published: September 2017

Lessons learned play an important role in emergency management (EM) and organizational agility. Virtually all aspects of EM can derive benefit from a lessons learned program. From major security events to exercises, exploiting and applying lessons learned and “best practices” is critical to organizational resilience and adaptiveness. A robust lessons learned process and methodology provides an evidence base with which to inform decisions, guide plans, strengthen mitigation strategies, and assist in developing tools for operations. The Canadian Safety and Security Program recently supported a project to define a comprehensive framework that would allow public safety and security partners to regularly share event response best practices, and prioritize recommendations originating from after action reviews. This framework consists of several inter-locking elements: a comprehensive literature review/environmental scan of international programs; a survey to collect data from end users and management; the development of a taxonomy for organizing and structuring information; a risk-informed methodology for selecting, prioritizing, and following through on recommendations; and standardized templates and tools for tracking recommendations and ensuring implementation. This article discusses the efforts of the project team, which provided “best practice” advice and analytical support to ensure that a systematic approach to lessons learned was taken by the federal community to improve prevention, preparedness, and response activities. It posits an approach by which one might design a systematic process for information sharing and event response coordination—an approach that will assist federal departments to institutionalize a cross-government lessons learned program.
Anthropogenic dust emissions due to livestock trampling in a Mongolian temperate grassland
Authors: Munkhtsetseg Erdenebayar , Shinoda Masato , Ishizuka Masahide , Mikami Masao , Kimura Reiji , Nikolich George
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Mongolian grasslands are a natural dust source region and they contribute to anthropogenic dust due to the long tradition of raising livestock there. Past decades of abrupt changes in a nomadic society necessitate a study on the effects of livestock trampling on dust emissions, so that research studies may help maintain a sustainable ecosystem and well-conditioned atmospheric environment. In this study, we conducted a mini wind tunnel experiment (using a PI-SWERL® device) to measure dust emissions fluxes from trampling (at three disturbance levels of livestock density, N) and zero trampling (natural as the background level) at test areas in a Mongolian temperate grassland. Moreover, we scaled anthropogenic dust emissions to natural dust emissions as a relative consequence of livestock trampling. We found a substantial increase in dust emissions due to livestock trampling. This effect of trampling on dust emissions was persistent throughout all wind friction velocities, u* (varying from 0.44 to 0.82 m s−1). Significantly higher dust loading occurs after a certain disturbance level has been reached by the livestock trampling. Our results suggest that both friction velocity (u*) and disturbance level of livestock density (N) have an enormous combinational effect on dust emissions from the trampling test surface. This means that the effect of livestock trampling on dust emissions can be seen or revealed when wind is strong. Our results also emphasize that better management for livestock allocation coupled with strategies to prevent anthropogenic dust loads are needed. However, there are many uncertainties and assumptions to be improved on in this study.