bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The results of clinical examination of patients with decompensated form of dental abrasion and complaints of the state of the temporomandibular joints
Authors: Gabdrafikov Rustem R.
Published: December 2020

We examined 66 patients 1755 years old with decompensated form of dental abrasion, who had applied to the hospital Dental Forte with various types of complaints of discomfort in the TMJ. They were divided into several groups: 1st 1725 years old, 2nd 2535 years old, 3rd 3545 years old, 4th 4555 years old patients. It was established, that the age of 2535 is specific for significant indication of dysfunctions in the TMJ. By the age of 3545 years the number of complaints of discomfort in the TMJ increases. There is also increase in the diversity of complaints, and decrease in their allocation in percentage terms. The number of complaints and their diversity in patients of 4555 years old remained, complaints of one type of pain decreased, but the number of complaints about pain associated with chewing, headache, crunch, etc. increased.
Deep Clustering to Identify Sources of Urban Seismic Noise in Long Beach, California
Authors: Snover Dylan , Johnson Christopher W. , Bianco Michael J. , Gerstoft Peter
Published: December 2020

Ambient seismic noise consists of emergent and impulsive signals generated by natural and anthropogenic sources. Developing techniques to identify specific cultural noise signals will benefit studies performing seismic imaging from continuous records. We examine spectrograms of urban cultural noise from a spatially dense seismic array located in Long Beach, California. The spectral features of the waveforms are used to develop a self-supervised clustering model for differentiating cultural noise into separable types of signals. We use 161 hr of seismic data from 5200 geophones that contain impulsive signals originating from human activity. The model uses convolutional autoencoders, a self-supervised machine-learning technique, to learn latent features from spectrograms produced from the data. The latent features are evaluated using a deep clustering algorithm to separate the noise signals into different classes. We evaluate the separation of data and analyze the classes to identify the likely sources of the signals present in the data. To interpret the model performance, we examine the time–frequency domain features of the signals and the spatiotemporal evolution observed for each class. We demonstrate that clustering using deep autoencoders is a useful approach to characterizing seismic noise and identifying novel signals in the data.
Possible Linkages between Microseisms in the Andaman-Nicobar Region and Swells in the South Indian Ocean
Authors: Reddy Telluri Ramakrushna , Dewangan Pawan , Bhaskaran Prasad Kumar , Roy Paresh Nath Singha
Published: December 2020

Microseism source characterization and its genesis play a key role in linking microseism records to prevailing atmospheric and oceanic conditions. In the present study, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of microseisms in the Andaman-Nicobar region using ocean-bottom seismometers and nearby continental stations data for the deployment period of January–April 2014. We attempted to establish a linkage between microseisms and ocean wave parameters derived from the ERA5 dataset. The short-period secondary microseisms (2–5 s) show a marked difference compared with long-period secondary microseisms (6–10 s) and are associated with local climatology and geomorphology. In contrast, long-period microseisms are related to distant sources in the South Indian Ocean. The primary microseisms (11–20 s) are weak in the Andaman region and do not correlate with any ocean wave parameters.
La deferencia al legislador en materia impositiva: análisis crítico del fallo García de la Corte Suprema argentina
Authors: Giles Alejo Joaquín
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo me propongo analizar la sentencia dictada por la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación Argentina en el caso García de mayo de 2019. La cuestión resuelta y las posturas asumidas por los votos que la componen la vuelven conceptualmente rica. La mayoría del tribunal declaró la inconstitucionalidad de la legislación impositiva impugnada a través de la cuestionable aplicación al caso del principio de igualdad, que —como argumentaré— falla en la demostración de su razonabilidad y en su anclaje con las circunstancias del caso bajo estudio. El voto disidente adoptó una postura deferente al legislador que parece la más aceptable pero apoyándose en razones que, generalizadas, podrían resultar problemáticas para el control de constitucionalidad y, en todo caso, requerirían de un ejercicio más acabado de argumentación. A continuación presentaré una sistematización y un análisis crítico de los argumentos presentados en ambos votos.
Evaluation and management of blunt injury abdomen based on focussed assessment with sonography in trauma
Authors: Ahmed Sameer
Published: December 2020

Background: The initial evaluation of patient with multiple trauma is a challenging task. FAST (focussed assessment with sonography in trauma) provides a viable alternative to computed tomography in blunt abdominal trauma patient. The aim of this study was to find the accuracy and utility of FAST in clinical decision making, as well as limitations.Methods: A total of 100 patients with blunt abdominal trauma who underwent FAST examination were included. Positive scan was defined as the presence of free intraperitoneal fluid. The sonographic scoring for operating room triage in trauma (SSORTT Score) was calculated using cumulative sum of ultrasound score, systolic blood pressure, and pulse rate. FAST findings were compared with computed tomography findings and in operated cases compared with surgical findings & clinical outcome.Results: We determined SSORTT score in all 100 cases. In our study, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for FAST in identifying intraabdominal injuries were 93.9%, 94.2%, 87.5%, and 97.2%. In our study we found out that patients with a SSORTT score of 2 and above had a high likelihood of requiring a therapeutic laparotomy.Conclusions: In our study we found that FAST is a rapid, reproducible, portable and non-invasive bedside test, and can be performed at the same time as resuscitation. Ultrasound is limited mainly by its low sensitivity in directly demonstrating solid organs injuries.
Research on the Historical Evolution and Hot Spots of Public Policy Making in China
Authors: Wang Guangchen
Published: December 2020

Public policy formulation is the prerequisite and primary issue for public decision-making. This article uses the CiteSpace analysis software to make a detailed analysis of the research literature (1999–2019) on policy formulation in the CNKI database, and to sort out the historical evolution and hotspots of China’s policy formulation research in the past two decades. The analysis found that: policy formulation, educational policy formulation, interest groups, and public participation are the focus of research in the field of policy formulation; the first ten years mainly focused on relevant theories and experiences of Western countries, as well as sustainable development and harmonious society. The next ten years mainly focused on research on public opinion, democracy, think tanks, and satisfaction.
Research on Party Building in Higher Vocational Colleges
Authors: Lin Yu
Published: December 2020

Under the overall leadership of the party, colleges and universities have established a good education for people’s satisfaction and long-term development. The efficient and connotative development is closely related to the party’s leadership. In the new era, vocational colleges need to adhere to the ideological guidance of General Secretary Xi Jinping and use political construction. In order to lead, promote the construction of the party, grasp the direction of running a school, strengthen the theory, establish a professional team of cadres to promote the implementation of relevant decisions, and effectively promote the quality of party building work, and provide for Lide Shuren Guaranteed.
An Analysis of the Causes and Countermeasures of the Phenomenon of “Marginal People” in Classroom Teaching at the Aspect of Teachers
Authors: Wu Jiayi
Published: December 2020

The “Marginal People” in classroom teaching refer to those who are ignored or even excluded by teachers and other students because of their own reasons (physical and psychological differences) in classroom teaching activities. The “Marginal People” in classroom teaching are widespread, and their distribution areas are mainly concentrated in the edge of the classroom space, that is, the left and right sides and the back row, and it is more common in the classroom of teachers who do not pay attention to classroom interaction, boring lectures and straight intonation. The reasons for the emergence of marginal students are complex, among which teachers, as educators of the younger generation, need to bear a large part of the responsibility, such as: teacher literacy, teaching design, classroom management and other aspects of the impact on students. In the face of these problems, teachers should make corresponding adjustments and improvements.
Turismo espiritual en el departamento de Lavalleja (Uruguay): devenires de la temporalidad histórica
Authors: Gamboa Martín
Published: December 2020

Este artículo describe y analiza los devenires que ha tenido –y tiene– el turismo espiritual en el departamento de Lavalleja (Uruguay) desde una perspectiva antihistoricista. Esto significa que el estudio de los devenires del turismo espiritual no se ha concebido desde un enfoque “lineal” del tiempo histórico. A partir de la aplicación del concepto de tiempo-ahora, elaborado por el filósofo Wal­ter Benjamin, las diferentes temporalidades que coexisten en forma aislada en determi­nadas ocasiones se vuelven a conectar; esto impide presentar una explicación causal del desarrollo histórico del turismo espiritual en dvicho departamento y permite que ciertos aspectos del pasado surjan en determinadas circunstancias y relacionen las distintas temporalidades. De ahí que en varios de los atractivos turísticos surja, bajo ciertas con­diciones, una referencia al pasado “místico” que lo trae hacia el presente, para de este modo legitimar la práctica de una variante específica del turismo espiritual. El enfoque benjaminiano aplicado a los fenómenos espi­rituales acaecidos a principios de los siglos xx y xxi demuestra cómo resulta imposible establecer un nexo causal entre las diferentes formas de religiosidad que se desarrollan actualmente en Lavalleja y las que tuvieron lugar en el pasado siglo.
La auditoría: fuente de información estratégica en la industria hotelera
Authors: Paredes Murcia Andrés , León Cárdenas Mauricio Javier
Published: December 2020

Existen varios tipos de auditorías según el sector o la actividad que desempeñe el ente económico; sin embargo, un atributo en co­mún es que la información obtenida en este ejercicio se logra por medio de sistemas de información, en especial el que se refiere al control operacional y a la gestión financiera, que resulta ser el más importante. El presente documento tiene los siguientes propósitos: 1) caracterizar los distintos tipos de auditorías que se pueden encontrar en el sector hotelero colombiano, específicamente en los hoteles de cuatro estrellas ubicados en Bogotá, y describir su alcance como apoyo a la gestión estratégica de estas organizaciones, consi­derando que esta ciudad concentra la mayor oferta del país; 2) definir los atributos de los distintos tipos de auditorías hallados en este sector productivo y ponderar la relevancia de los factores que hacen importante esta actividad. Con un enfoque mixto y un carácter ex­ploratorio, en una muestra de 32 hoteles se evidenció la práctica de uno o más tipos de auditoría entre cuatro encontrados; en ellos prima el criterio de orientación opera­tivo, razón por la cual se requiere pasar de sistemas de información transaccionales a estratégicos, que por medio de indicadores claves de desempeño soporten las decisiones empresariales y gremiales. Los resultados encontrados muestran cuatro clases de auditorías practicadas en hoteles y describen el impacto de cada una de ellas en las funciones operacional y estratégica de la industria del alojamiento. Al final se genera una invitación a continuar con esta línea investigativa, pues hay resultados que motivan a ser profundizados y estudiados con mayor detalle.
De las facilidades para el pago de las deudas tributarias en tiempos de covid-19 en Perú y Colombia
Authors: López Nieves Mery
Published: December 2020

La pandemia del covid-19 ha afectado de manera negativa la economía a nivel global, lo que ha llevado a que los contribuyentes no puedan asumir el pago de sus obligaciones tributarias como lo harían en condiciones normales; en este contexto, el artículo analiza los cambios normativos que Perú ha realizado en su modelo de facilitación del pago de los impuestos, a partir de las nuevas expectativas de recaudo tributario, en el marco de los efectos del covid-19, de modo comparativo con Colombia.
La respuesta de República Dominicana en épocas de covid-19: medidas implementadas
Authors: Varios Autores
Published: December 2020

Este artículo expone una visión global de las medidas implementadas en República Dominicana ante la crisis del covid-19. Detalla las iniciativas tributarias y socioeconómicas que facilitan el cumplimiento tributario y reducen los efectos negativos de la paralización económica a raíz del estado de emergencia nacional, tanto para las empresas como para los ciudadanos. Se presenta un análisis integral alusivo a prescripciones, créditos o reembolsos, cobro de impuestos, aplazamientos de pagos, control y fiscalización, plazos, recaudaciones tributarias, y trámites electrónicos. Asimismo, se estudia el efecto sobre la economía digital, factura electrónica (e-CF) y precios de transferencia. Finalmente, se revisa la propuesta de devolución de fondos de las AFP y se abordan los incentivos a sectores vulnerables, así como otras propuestas.
A Review of Leadership Empowerment and Employee Creativity: Based on the Chinese Enterprises Context
Authors: Jiang Songyu , Ke Xiaojun
Published: December 2020

Based on the literature on the relationship between leadership empowerment (LE) and employee creativity (EC) in Chinese enterprises context, this article uses literature review method to explore the current situation of this issue in China. On the basis of comparative analysis of relevant literature, this article sorts out the definition of LE and EC by different scholars and the use of relevant scales. It also discusses the current situation of LE and EC in China, the problems encountered and the future prospects.
Civil Law Protection of Network Virtual Property
Authors: Pan Siyu
Published: December 2020

With the rapid development of science and technology, the form of property is not confined to the traditional concept of real life any more, and it also includes network virtual property. Besides, economic benefits are considerable as the network industry grows, which makes trading of virtual property a very common behavior in the real word. In such situation, there are various disputes concerned with virtual property emerging. However, relevant research and legislation can’t make breakthroughs as virtual property has vague legal status, complicated process of identification, and different definitions as well as unsolved legal protection method in academic field. Compared with the development of the network industry, legislation in the scope of virtual property has lagged far behind, which is hard to be the theoretical basis for solving disputes.

By analyzing the attributes of virtual property, and combining relevant cases with research results, the author seeks to put forward the protection rules of virtual property in line with the current situation in China, with civil law protection as the core. Possible further researches and prospects on protecting virtual property are also discussed in this article.
Research on Community Service Smart Endowment Model in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province
Authors: Lin Lin , Hu Zhongfeng , Bi Changxin
Published: December 2020

In this article, in order to solve the problem of the current social endowment, promote economic transformation and sustainable social development in China, by studying the current population aging speed in Yuexiu of Guangzhou in China and the social background of rapid rise of the Internet industry. It combines the advanced Internet informatization technology, intelligent technology and pension industry to innovate on the basis of aged-care at home, institution endowment, forming an “Internet + endowment” wisdom of community service pension mode. By analyzing the relevant data of aging population, this article concludes the feasibility, necessity and practicality of this pension model through describing the current situation of home-based smart pension in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou in China.
Research on Information-Based Governance of Party Construction in Grass-Roots Communities
Authors: Chen Yuehua , Gong Wanwan
Published: December 2020

The key to running the country and ensuring national security lies in the grass-roots level. Managing and governing the Party focus on the foundation. How to let the Party’s “nerve endings and tentacles” play a greater role in the fine traditions and measures in the new era is worth thinking, exploring, summarizing and improving for each grass-roots Party organization. We must make efforts to the grass-roots level, lay a foundation for a long-term plan and a solid foundation, and strive to improve our ability of serving the masses on the basis of traditional working methods and through the innovation of information-based concepts and methods, so that each grass-roots Party organization has become a strong traction and support points. In order to better improve the effectiveness of Party construction and enrich the traditional governance means, the opportunity of building a comprehensive community governance platform under the guidance of Party construction is taken; some problems in community governance, such as scattered data, low accuracy and poor interaction are aimed at; the “big data” thinking is used to enhance the ability of community self-governance, co-construction and sharing.
Social Conditionality of Criminal Liability for a Crime Under Art. 226-1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kalashnikova Elena
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to theoretical justification for the introduction of criminal prohibitions on criminal assault in the illicit movement of goods, specified in article 226-1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation; the principles and bases of criminalization of smuggling in connection with her increased public danger. The analysis of the main components of social conditionality of criminal responsibility allows us to establish the validity of the introduction of new or existing criminal law norms. The article considers the public danger of smuggling (art. 226-1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), as an obligatory sign of a crime, revealing its social nature and social conditionality of the criminal liability under article 226-1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, depending on the extent and nature of public danger of the given kind of crimes. The social assessment of an act as a crime is based on its social danger, which is legally established in a normative legal act (Federal law) adopted in accordance with the established procedure and included in the criminal code of the Russian Federation. Attention is drawn to the fact that the public danger of smuggling is a threat to the foreign economic security of Russia. At the same time, there is a public danger of illegal movement across the customs border of the EEU (the customs border of the Customs Union within the framework of the EEU) of items specified in art. 226-1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is primarily concerned with causing harm to market economic relations developing in the EEU area, which forms a single customs territory, as well as causing material damage to the state in the form of unpaid customs payments, death or damage to particularly valuable wild animals and aquatic biological resources as contraband items. Smuggling as a negative social phenomenon includes the organization of activities related to violation of the customs and border regime. In the context of globalization and the development of market relations, smuggling is still the most common and most dangerous of customs crimes. Accordingly, the existence of a criminal law ban on its Commission remains socially conditioned, since it is a deterrent that allows the state to respond adequately to these types of criminal behavior.
An Old Problem in Draft of the New Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences
Authors: Grishkovets Aleksei
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the provisions of the draft of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses, developed on the basis of the Concept approved in 2019 by the Russian Government. Attention is drawn to the fact that the Concept, for the first time in domestic practice, contains a provision stating that improving the institution of administrative responsibility will require work to transform it from a predominantly punitive-fiscal instrument into the institution of sentencing, subject to differentiated application taking into account the risk-based approach. Based on the analysis of particular compositions of the draft of the Code of Administrative Offenses, it has been concluded that the punitive-fiscal orientation in it remains. Suggestions have been made on possible ways to overcome this. Administrative penalties should only provide general and specific prevention. The economy of administrative repression should become an element of the administrative policy of the executive branch. After the entry into force of the new Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses, it has been proposed to conduct annual monitoring of its application, which will make it possible to identify the compositions that bring the greatest income to the budget. The problem of the existence of a profitable business on administrative responsibility is outlined. Attempts to introduce public-private partnership related to the provision of police assistance are assessed negatively. Based on Russian realities, it can be assumed that in practice this will lead to abuse by police officers and, as a result, to violation of human and civil rights and freedoms. Only in the future, the Russian police should gradually transform from a purely security structure focused on the use of state coercion measures into a structure that is largely service, providing citizens with specific services, in particular, providing them with police assistance when necessary. The idea is supported to recognize the “right to error” and “the right to forgiveness” for an administrative offender. It is proposed to implement it by expanding the possibilities of applying a warning as an alternative to such a punishment as an administrative fine, as well as by expanding the list of possible grounds for exemption from administrative liability. It is concluded that the adoption of the draft of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses does not look obvious.
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: Empirical evidence from India
Authors: Devi Shamurailatpam sofia , Devi Shamurailatpam sofia
Published: December 2020

Abstract: India received, over the past two decades substantial amount of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the determinants of FDI inflows in India using time series data for the period 2001-02 to 2011-12. In the analysis, FDI inflows are modeled as a function of market size, total reserves, degree of openness for the host country, exchange rate and lastly expenditure of the central government on economic and social activities. The empirical study observed that market size and availability of foreign exchange reserves are the two main factors that determine the inflow of FDI over the study period. Despite the theoretically expected sign, estimated coefficient of the variable exchange rate bears a positive sign. And variables like Openness and the expenditure of the central government on social and economic activities do not explained the inflow of FDI during the period.Keywords: Exchange rate, Foreign Direct Investment, market size, total reserves.Â Â
The Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Prices: An Empirical Analysis of Islamabad Stock Exchange
Authors: Rasool Nosheen , Hussain Muhammad Mubashir
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze long-run causal relationship between ISE (Islamabad Stock Exchange) and macroeconomic variables in Pakistan and also find out the direction of causality. The impact of macroeconomic variables on stock prices of ISE has not been previously discussed by the researchers. The monthly data from January 2001 to December 2010 was used in this study. The set of macroeconomic variables include Exchange Rate (ER), Foreign Exchange Reserves (FER), Industrial Production Index (IPI), Interest Rate (IR), Imports (M), Money Supply (MS), Wholesale Price Index (WPI) and Exports (X). Descriptive statistics and Unit root test, Johansen Co-integration Technique and Granger Causality Technique were employed to analyze the long-run and causal relationship between the macroeconomic variables and stock prices.Â Â The results revealed that M showed positive and significant relationship but Foreign Exchange Reserves (FER) and Industrial Production Index (IPI) indicated positive and insignificant relationship with the stock prices. Exchange rate(ER), Money supply (MS) and Â Whole sale price index(WPI) showed negative but significant relationship while Interest Â rate (IR) and Export( X )indicated a negative and insignificant relationship with the stock prices. The findings of Granger Causality revealed that only exports showed a unidirectional causal relationship.Â
Present Scenario of Handloom and Handicrafts Industries of the ADIS
Authors: Mandal Ram Krishna
Published: December 2020

From beginning of the known history the handloom and handicrafts forms a valuable cultural trait of a society. The cultural pattern of a society is reflected in the quality and craftsmanship of their handicrafts. The term handloom and handicrafts refers those products of a common folk or a specific community, which are produced manually with their indigenous technology. The handicrafts of a society are one of the chief means of livelihood. The people of Arunachal Pradesh are artistically minded and gifted with deft hands and skilled fingers. Handloom and Handicraft for instance, offer wide scope to produce a variety of artistically blended and beautifully designed clothing. Handicraft is a very common craft in Arunachal Pradesh. The main handicraft items made in the state are masks, carpets, painted wooden vessels and silver articles. Cane and Bamboo play an important role in the rural economy of the state. Arunachal Pradesh has a rich tradition of Bamboo and Cane Handicrafts. The products reflect the rich and varied culture of the tribes inhabiting this enchanting State and the products featured are representative of the wide range of Handicrafts produced in the State.
Cointegration among Equity Markets : A Study of Select South Asian Markets
Authors: Bhattacharya Nupur Gupta , Talwar Shalini , Sachdeva J K
Published: December 2020

Â For the longest time the spotlight of study of co-movement between the markets was confined to the western markets and very few studies focused on Asian equity markets inter-linkages. The focus of research literature started shifting to Asia in the late 1990â€™s mainly on account of the South-East Asian crises in 1997-98.In Asia, apart from Japan and China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea India and Thailand, have attracted the interest of international investors. In this paper, the linkages between the movements of the equity markets of these six nations are studied by applying Johansenâ€™s Cointegration test and Vector Error Correction Method on the stock market data for a period spanning 2009 to 2013. The results obtained did not support a significant long run relationship among the chosen markets. In short run Singapore markets influenced Indian Markets negatively, Hong Kong Market was found to be influenced by Indian and Singapore market. Singapore market was found to be influenced by Indian market and its own lagged prices. South Korean markets were influenced in short term by Indian and Singapore markets. Thailand and Taiwanese markets were not influenced by any of these markets in short term.Â
Iranâ€™s WTO accession and the auto industry
Authors: Kalbasi Anaraki Nahid
Published: December 2020

Iranâ€™s auto industry faces with severe challenges in the post globalization era since it has enjoyed a high degree of protectionism for more than decades now. Infant industry policy beside the international sanctions has paralyzed the industry, limiting the ability of Iranian products to compete in the international markets, creating adverse selection for consumers in the domestic market.WTOâ€™s accession requires a sharp reduction in tariff rates whereas Iranâ€™s auto industry has been subject to a high level of protection. To investigate the impact of WTO accession on the auto industry this paper tries casts light not only on the quantitative effects of reducing tariff rates on imports and domestic production through econometric models, but also highlights the inconsistencies of Iranâ€™s regulatory system with GATT articles.
Economic Polarization in Madhya Pradesh: A District Wise Analysis
Authors: Acharya Rekha , Khobragade Sweksha mahendra
Published: December 2020

Economic polarization among different regions is common phenomenon in literature and it results into unequal growth and income inequalities within regions. Economists points out that whenever economies achieve higher growth they presumed that it would automatically trickle down to poor. Anderson (1964) and Aaron (1977) pointed out that there is an inverse relationship between economic growth and income distribution. So in this present paper we analyze economic polarization in Madhya Pradesh over the two decades 2000 and 2011 using per capita consumption expenditure (PCCE) and work participation rate (WPR). We show that multidimensional polarization (on rural-urban and region) has increased since the 2000. Overall, our results suggest that high growth witnessed by Madhya Pradesh since the bifurcation of it in the year 2000 has been associated with widening disparities within districts. Out of total 50 districts, same 15 numbers of districts is in high and middle income group and 20 are in low income group. Comparing MPCE and WPR trends, we find similarities but also some differences; our study contributes to the study of polarization in one of the grooming Bimaru state.Â Â Â  Â Â
Global Regulatory Changes to the Banking Industry after the Financial Crisis: Basel III
Authors: SantillÃ¡n-Salgado Roberto JoaquÃ­n
Published: December 2020

Two global regulatory frameworks for the banking industry (the Basel I and Basel II Agreements) had already been developed and implemented when the Financial Crisis (2007-2009) hit the global economy, and a third version was under development. We center this studyâ€™s attention on the structure and functioning of the Basel III Agreement but, in order to set the background, we briefly discuss its previous versions (Basel I and Basel II). Finally, we present some comments on the meaningfulness and impact of the Basel Agreements worldwide, and offer our inferences on what will be the future of the world banking industry under Basel III.
A Causal Relationship between Corporate Investment and Inflation: empirical investigation from WAMZ economy
Authors: Raji Rahman olanrewaju
Published: December 2020

Â Â  Â Â Â Â The paper examines causal relationship between corporate investment and inflation for four countries in West African Monetary Zone, using the Vector Error Correction model (VECM). The study discovered that there is co-integration between investment and inflation in the selected countries in WAMZ. This implies that a long run relationship between inflation and investment in the selected WAMZ nations. The results show that investment Granger causes inflation in Gambia, Ghana and Nigeria while inflation Granger causes investment in Sierra Leone but bi-directional relationship inflation and investment was not found in WAMZ. Â  However, the results show that there are needs to ensure reforms and policies that should be adopted and must become the utmost priority in the WAMZ economies for the monetary policy to be effective in influencing economic activities which in turn enhances investment in the zone.
Short Term Exchange Rate Fluctuations in India: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Adhikari Chandan Singh , Sachdeva J K
Published: December 2020

This paper does an exploratory analysis of factors responsible for the volatile fluctuations in the exchage rate of Indian rupee duirng the calendar year of 2013. The series Exchange Rate (RBI Reference Rate), MIBOR Rate, Crude Oil Pirce, Foreign Reserves, Gold rate and Nifty were found to be cointegrated and long run and short relationships have been explored by VECM.
Allocation of Investment in Financial Sector Securities (With Special Reference to Selected financial Institutions in India)
Authors: Chellasamy P , P. Sreekrishnan
Published: December 2020

This study deals with the allocation of securities for the investment purpose. The allocation is based on the rate of return and risk of a security. The objectives of this research are to find out the volatility and the trend of the selected financial institutional securities in India. For the study, thirty three financial institutions were selected from banking and non-banking institutions. The study applied ARCH 1 and GARCH 1 is used to find the share prices volatility and Ordinary Least Square method is used to find the share prices trend. From the volatility test, it is revealed that out of thirty three companiesâ€™ share return, twenty are highly volatile and the remaining thirteen are moderately and low volatile and most of them have trend effect.
Profitability Determinants in Microfinance Industry: Case of Zimbabwe (2010-2014)
Authors: Katuka Blessing , Mavhunga Ranga Mathias
Published: December 2020

This paper looked at determinants of profitability of microfinance institutions operating in Zimbabwe. The study employed case study approach on one credit-only MFI in Zimbabwe. Using Multiple Regression Techniques, the study identified profitability determinants in the Zimbabwean microfinance industry using 2011-2015 monthly data. Major findings were that ROA and ROE are influenced differently by cost efficiency ratio, cost per borrower ratio and GNU. The study showed that both ROA and ROE are negatively influenced by cost efficiency and cost per borrower ratios. The identified relationship supports the X-efficiency hypothesis which assumes negative relationship between cost/income ratio and profitability. ROA model detected GNU as significant variable and according to results, the variable has negative influence on ROA. To improve profitability in the Zimbabwean microfinance industry, the researcher recommends MFI managers to closely monitor cost efficiency and cost per borrower ratios. The study also roped in government as key stakeholder in driving profitability within the microfinance industry. The study recommends Zimbabwean government to pursue consistency in its political policies as well as systems.
Farm Opinion Leaders
Authors: Singh Baljeet
Published: December 2020

This book endeavours to help the readers identify the farm opinion leaders and to understand the characteristics of farm opinion leaders and farm opinion seekers. Beside this motivation, satisfaction and effectiveness of farm opinion leaders and farm opinion seekers are also demystified for a rural set up. The study of influence of family members on the head decision maker of the family is initiated. A theoretical 4 Pâ€™s model of farm opinion leadership is proposed and a new method for identification of farm opinion leaders is conceptualised. Agriculture marketing decisions for four agriculture product categories i) agri input consumables (seed, fertilizer and pesticides) the fast moving agriculture goods (FMAGs), ii) agri input capital (farm machineries) the agriculture durables, iii) agri input credit (formal and informal sources) and iv) agri output (price, packaging, transport, storage and market selection) were studied.
The Relationship between Globalization and Income Inequality in South Africa
Authors: Oladipo Oluwasheyi
Published: December 2020

Â The wave of globalization is having far-reaching implications for the economic wellbeing of citizens in all regions and among all income groups.Â Using data from 1994q1 to 2012q4, the paper investigates the relationship between globalization and income inequality in South Africa. We find no evidence that globalization might have deepened income inequality in South Africa, particularly in the provinces. Rather, the paper found strong evidence indicating that income distribution is improving, and has become more so, in provinces that have stronger links to the world economy. Strengthening those links appears to result in reductions in inequality.Â
INCLUSIVE STRATEGY FOR THE POOR FINDS WIDER APPLICATIONS
Authors: Ganapathy Venkatesh
Published: December 2020

It took almost four years for the academic effort of C K Prahlad and Stuart Hart to be recognized as fit for publication by Harvard Business Review. The path-breaking research by the duo has received wide acclaim and has led to multinational corporations using the strategy as part of their efforts to grow their business footprint by also focusing on the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) segment of the market. In their research, Prahlad and Hart pointed out the companies were losing a greater pie of the market by not focusing on developing products for the poorest of poor. They highlighted the need for a strategy to exploit the fortune at the bottom of the pyramid.

The research on the BOP strategy has evolved over the years. The research has also been subject to criticism from some quarters as a strategy that exploits the poor and is imperialistic by nature. Organisations have achieved success with BOP strategy. However, there are also organizations that have faced failure with this strategy.

This case study traces the journey of the evolution of the BOP strategy over the years and documents the lessons that one can learn from failure in its implementation. Understanding the BOP market and educating the poorest consumers through unconventional means is a critical success factor. Profit cannot be the sole driver for successful implementation of BOP strategy as social and environmental obligations have to be met. The trade-off between profitability, scale, and nonprofit obligations is a tightrope for organizations attempting to garner a slice of the BOP market share. Community involvement is a crucial determinant of success as well.
Modelling Value-at-Risk in investment banks: â€œEmpirical evidence of JP Morgan, Merrill Lynch and Bank of Americaâ€
Authors: RANA RAJEEV SINGH
Published: December 2020

The objective of paper is to assess the efficiency of financial model to capture increasing volatilities across asset class markets of the three investment banks. For which data will be collect to forecast the credit risk, and to know how well our standard tools forecast volatility, particularly during the turmoil that extend throughout the globe. Volatility prediction is a critical task in asset valuation and risk management for investors and financial intermediaries. The paper will focus on Value-at-Risk (VaR) which is a standard model that has been forecasted using both non-parametric and parametric approaches and then Backtesting procedure had been applied to achieve the both outcome. One is to detect the underlying credit risk which is associated with the market as well as portfolio risk, and other is to perceive model which provide more accurate forecasting.
CSR In India: The Governing Policy Frame-Work and Its Consequent Corporate Spending and Composition
Authors: Pandey Ajay Kumar , Jagtap Meenal Sharma
Published: December 2020

Over the past few years CSR, as a concept, has been the focus of many deliberations and research. It has grown in importance both academically as well as in the business sense. It captures a spectrum of values and criteria for measuring a companyâ€™s contribution to social development. As the term â€œCSRâ€ is used continually, many complementary and overlapping concepts, such as corporate citizenship, business ethics, stakeholder management and sustainability, have emerged. These extensive ranges of synonymously used terms indicate that multiple perspectives and by those in facilitating roles such as the corporate sector, government agencies, academics and the public sector. The PSUs are intensely involved in CSR activities than Private Companies but as Private Companies are larger chunk of stock listed companies in India, their cumulative financial muscle is much stronger than PSUs to contribute in CSR activities and still a substantial potential exist for Private Companies to increase their CSR contributions. To fill this unrealised financial potential of Private Companies and also of PSUs for CSR and for ensuring their responsible business behaviour to cast a significant impact on all stakeholders, the enactment of Companies Bill 2012, clause 135, for mandatory spending 2% of their average three years Profit After Tax (PAT) on CSR is rational and necessary otherwise the gap cannot be filled up.
The Power of Positivity â€“Optimism and the 7th Sense Author: Padmakali Banerjee
Authors: Jagtap Meenal Sharma
Published: December 2020

The aim of the author is to convince us on two things â€“ Optimism is essential for success in all walks of life and second, that it can be developed. While no one would disagree on first, we are yet to find solid research proving the fact. The book gives a solid theoretical framework to measure the level of optimism in an individual and also outlines a comprehensive approach that can be used to develop optimism and positive mind-set in people.
Environmental Sustainability in Consumersâ€™ Food Choices: An Empirical Study
Authors: Sharief Zainab , Panghal Anupama
Published: December 2020

With growing concern about ecological safety and resource optimisation, both industry and consumers are becoming conscious in making sustainable decisions. Through integrated supply chain practices, ecologically safe product attributes, lean manufacturing practices and focussed sales and marketing strategies, a sustainable Agro-Food ecosystem can be established. Out of the three spheres of sustainability, environmental factors are prioritised over economic and social/ethical parameters and it has been widely recognised by now. As role of consumer is as critical as of industry, efforts are being made on both the parts to achieve environmental sustainability. Present study has been carried out to examine consumer understanding about environmental sustainability and what priority concerns of environment are taken into consideration by consumer while making sustainable food choices. For this purpose, survey data was collected from 369 Indian consumers thorough a structured questionnaire. Results indicated lower level of concern towards among consumersâ€™ over-exploitation of marine resources whereas air pollution through carbon emission was regarded as most important concern in environmental concern parameter followed by scarcity of water. When product information is displayed, consumer purchasing behaviour showed that overall environmental friendliness of the products is preferred after single environmental attributes of recyclable and organic claim of the product. The results imply that environmental preference plays moderate role in consumer food purchasing decisions and future scope depends on the extent to which consumer general concern about environmental sustainability reflects in their actual buying behaviour. This study can support connecting the ecological concept more deeply with sustainability and can serve as a guide for environmental managers.
A Study on Green Marketing: its Use and Importance
Authors: Pant Lalit Kumar , Rastogi Ankur Kumar
Published: December 2020

Purity is not a matter for discussion for an essential requirement for one and all and hence saving the nature, environment and health of public of any and all countries and countrymen even if the concerned governments have to spend something more. Using sophisticated methods while producing, dealing or doing the business may be called as green marketing. There is always demand and concern for care of required quantity of production related to consumption / requirement and easy disposal with eco-friendly method is the need of the hour. Producing and maintaining good agricultural practices and good handling practices, operated or pursued, ensure a safer food system in light of outbreaks of food borne illness resulting from contaminated produces. Care for hygiene of workforce, using manure and also the quality of water supply used for irrigation and washing produces is essential
PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NORTH EASTERN STATES OF INDIA
Authors: Ojha Ruby
Published: December 2020

This paper studies the trends and pattern in the share of the planned outlay in physical infrastructure on North Eastern States in total outlay of India. The sectors which are focused here are Irrigation & Flood Control, Energy and Transport & Communication. The Paper also analyses the association between the plan outlay on selected sectors and resultant change in Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) and Human Development Index (HDI) over the period of XI and XII Five Year Plans. The paper concludes that increased plan outlay on physical infrastructure has resulted in increased Gross State Domestic Product in North Eastern States but it may take longer time and more attention towards development of Social infrastructure before it is translated into improved Human Development Index (HDI).
relevance of dual model of TVET system for the developing world
Authors: Abhishek Abhishek
Published: December 2020

Under the Global Production Networks (GPN) / Global Value Chain (GVCs), the MNCs usually locate their units in accordance with the skill of the labour force which they get. If some of the Asian countries managed to attract huge amount of foreign direct investment, initially in labour-intensive manufacturing and then in other sectors, moving up the global value chain. It is because their education in general and Technical and Vocational Education and Training system in particular was well-suited at the time. As, for developing countries, skilling at a mass-level will not only help to attract Foreign Direct Investments by increasing the productivity of the labour force but also to mitigate inequality and reduce poverty as it will up to an extent solve the crisis of employability. For the developing countries the dual-corporatist, Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) system of Germany offers so many things to learn.

The paper which is divided in three parts argues that, instead of having the wages as low as possible and engaging in a race to bottom, a country with a well-functioning TVET system can make itself a favourite manufacturing destination. The first part of the paper looks at the opportunities provided by GPNs/GVCs to developing countries and the issue of skills. The second part of the paper gives a brief account of the German TVET system. The last part of the paper highlights some of the lesson which the developing countries can draw from the German model.