bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
R2P and National Human Rights Institutions
Authors: Haász Veronika
Published: August 2017

National Human Rights Institutions (nhris) have rapidly proliferated worldwide in the last twenty years. They play an important role in the implementation of international human rights standards at the domestic level. Examples, especially from the African and Asian regions show that the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) relates to the work of nhris. Some institutions were established as one of the outcomes of peace processes in order to advance reconciliation and prevent future abuses. Where nhris already exist, the institutions may promote and protect human rights in each phase of the R2P. This paper discusses what role nhris can take up in assisting governments, the international community, and people before, during and after crisis situations. Through concrete country examples, it also highlights the challenges that the institutions must face, and summarises the limits of their influence.
Genetic and morphological variability among the populations assigned to the genus Tropiocolotes Peters, 1880 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in south Iran
Authors: ROUNAQI IMAN , RASTEGAR-POUYANI ESKANDAR , GHOLAMIFARD ALI , HOSSEINIAN SAEED
Published: August 2017

Geckos of the genus Tropiocolotes are known from Africa through the Middle East to Iran and currently include ten recognized species. Recently Tropiocolotes naybandensis was described from Iran based on morphological data. Here, we confirm the taxonomic status of this species using both molecular and morphological data, and compare it with other populations of Tropiocolotes from Iran. A distinct new clade with high node support from southern Iran shows high genetic divergence from the clade of T. naybandensis and T. steudneri from Africa. Based on morphological examinations, three meristic characters differentiate the two clades: (1) number of gulars; (2) number of subdigital lamellae under first toe; (3) number of postmental scales. Data from two mtDNA genes (16S rRNA and COI) indicate mean genetic divergences for 16S and COI between T. naybandensis and a population from Bandar-e Lengeh of 3.8% and 6.2%, respectively. In addition, the genetic divergences between these two groups and a sample of T. steudneri from Egypt are 10.8% and 10.1% for 16S and 18% and 16.7% for COI, respectively. We thus confirm the specific status of T. naybandensis and present evidence for the existence of a new species level taxon of Tropiocolotes in south Iran.
Visionary Infrastructure: Community Solar Streetlights in Highland Park
Authors: Brennan Shane
Published: August 2017

This article develops the concept of ‘visionary infrastructure’, defined as infrastructure that provides visions of and begins to build more sustainable futures for local communities, through the case study of a solar-powered street lighting project in Highland Park, Michigan, near Detroit. After the local utility company repossessed most of the city’s streetlights, residents began building their own grassroots public lighting network. This infrastructure is visionary because it allows members of the largely African American community to determine precisely how their city is illuminated, and thus how seeing operates therein. By shifting control over the conditions of urban visuality from state and corporate officials to local residents, the lighting project intervenes in a long history of light on the street as a racialized tool of state surveillance and policing. And it shows how utility infrastructure can become a key site and mode of contemporary political resistance.
Tramadol sparing effect of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant with lignocaine in preoperative stellate ganglion block for postoperative pain relief following upper limb surgeries
Authors: Thapa Deepak , Dhiman Deepanshu , Ahuja Vanita , Gombar Satinder , Gupta Ravi K
Published: August 2017

Background:

Recent literature has established the role of stellate ganglion block (SGB) for management of acute postoperative pain. The effects of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to lignocaine in a preoperative SGB for postoperative pain relief have not been evaluated so far.

Methods:

The following randomised, double-blinded, control trail included 54 patients scheduled for upper limb orthopaedic surgery under general anaesthesia. Preoperative ultrasound-guided (USG) SGB was performed in all patients. Group I (n = 18) received 3.5 mL of a solution (3 mL 2% lignocaine + 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine for SGB) and 15 mL of intravenous (IV) normal saline (NS). Group II (n = 18) received 3.5 mL of a solution (3 mL 2% lignocaine + 0.5 mL NS for SGB) and 15 mL of IV NS. Group III (n = 18) received 3.5 mL of a solution (3 mL 2% lignocaine + 0.5 mL of NS for SGB) and 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine in 15 mL of IV NS. Postoperatively tramadol consumption and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score were recorded up to 48 hours.

Results:

The cumulative tramadol consumption at the end of 48 hours (p = 0.01) was significantly reduced in the group I as compared to group II. In group I, postoperative VAS at rest was significantly reduced up to 12 hours postoperatively as compared to group II (p = 0.05). The cumulative tramadol consumption was not reduced significantly in group III compared to group II (p = 0.51).

Conclusion:

Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to SGB along with lignocaine produced a significant tramadol sparing effect and superior analgesia as compared to IV dexmedetomidine and control group.1
Impact of cytogenetic abnormalities in adults with Ph-negative B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Lafage-Pochitaloff Marina , Baranger Laurence , Hunault Mathilde , Cuccuini Wendy , Lefebvre Christine , Bidet Audrey , Tigaud Isabelle , Eclache Virginie , Delabesse Eric , Bilhou-Nabéra Chrystèle , Terré Christine , Chapiro Elise , Gachard Nathalie , Mozziconacci Marie-Joelle , Ameye Geneviève , Porter Sarah , Grardel Nathalie , Béné Marie C. , Chalandon Yves , Graux Carlos , Huguet Françoise , Lhéritier Véronique , Ifrah Norbert , Dombret Hervé
Published: August 2017

Multiple cytogenetic subgroups have been described in adult Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative B-cell precursor (BCP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), often comprising small numbers of patients. In this study, we aimed to reassess the prognostic value of cytogenetic abnormalities in a large series of 617 adult patients with Ph-negative BCP-ALL (median age, 38 years), treated in the intensified Group for Research on Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (GRAALL)-2003/2005 trials. Combined data from karyotype, DNA index, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction screening for relevant abnormalities were centrally reviewed and were informative in 542 cases (88%), allowing classification in 10 exclusive primary cytogenetic subgroups and in secondary subgroups, including complex and monosomal karyotypes. Prognostic analyses focused on cumulative incidence of failure (including primary refractoriness and relapse), event-free survival, and overall survival. Only 2 subgroups, namely t(4;11)/KMT2A-AFF1 and 14q32/IGH translocations, displayed a significantly worse outcome in this context, still observed after adjustment for age and after censoring patients who received allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) in first remission at SCT time. A worse outcome was also observed in patients with low hypodiploidy/near triploidy, but this was likely related to their higher age and worse tolerance to therapy. The other cytogenetic abnormalities, including complex and monosomal karyotypes, had no prognostic value in these intensive protocols designed for adult patients up to the age of 60 years.
The effect of music in gynaecological office procedures on pain, anxiety and satisfaction: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mak N. , Reinders I. M. A. , Slockers S. A. , Westen E. H. M. N. , Maas J. W. M. , Bongers M. Y.
Published: August 2017

Background

Pain can interfere with office procedures in gynaecology. The aim of this study is to measure the positive effect of music in gynaecological office procedures.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was performed between October 2014 and January 2016. Women scheduled for an office hysteroscopy or colposcopy were eligible for randomization in the music group or control group. Stratification for hysteroscopy and colposcopy took place. The primary outcome is patients’ level of pain during the procedure measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes include patients’ level of pain after the procedure, anxiety and satisfaction of patient and doctor.

Results

No positive effect of music on patients’ perception of pain during the procedure was measured, neither for the hysteroscopy group (57 mm vs. 52 mm) nor for the colposcopy group (32 mm vs. 32 mm). Secondary outcomes were also similar for both groups.

Conclusions

This study showed no positive effect of music on patients’ level of pain, anxiety or satisfaction of patient or doctor for office hysteroscopy and colposcopy. We believe a multimodal approach has to be used to decrease patient distress in terms of pain and anxiety, with or without music.

Trial registration

Dutch Trial Register, NTR4924
Characterization of Bifidobacteria from infant feces with different mode of birth at Purwokerto, Indonesia
Authors: HENDRATI PANCRASIA MARIA , KUSHARYATI DYAH FITRI , RYANDINI DINI , OEDJIJONO OEDJIJONO
Published: August 2017

Hendrati PM, Kusharyati DF, Ryandini D, Oedjijono. 2017. Characterization of Bifidobacteria from infant feces with different mode of birth at Purwokerto, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1265-1269. Bifidobacteria belongs to the so-called beneficial intestinal flora. Before attempting to raise their intestinal levels to improve the health status of the host, it is importance to know about physiological variations in the Bifidobacterial colonization of the human intestine. Birth process influenced the diversity of Bifidobacteria in infant feces. This research was intended to isolate and characterize Bifidobacterium spp. as well to evaluate their presence in the feces of infants who were born by mode of normal, caesarean and premature. The research was conducted by survey method and data were analyzed with descriptive analysis. Bifidobacterium character was observed include colony and cell morphology. The biochemical test included catalase, oxidase, indole, Voges-Proskauer, different pH growth, and resistance to lysozyme. Bifidobacterium metabolites obtained tested its bacterial activity to Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. The result of this research showed that 35 isolates are suspected Bifidobacterium group and after API 20 A test showed 17 isolates are rally genera of Bifidobacterium spp.and all isolates come from infant feces with caesar and premature delivery. These isolates inhibited the growth of S. typhimurium and E. coli with different inhibitory capabilities. This finding is very important for science and medical point of view and could be developed with further research.
An Analysis of Interactive Solar Energy Web Maps for Urban Energy Sustainability
Authors: Fish Carolyn S. , Calvert Kirby
Published: August 2017

Maps and geographic information systems (GIS) have become vital tools for decision-making, communication, and outreach in the domain of urban energy sustainability. One emerging example involves interactive online maps that allow users to assess rooftop solar energy potential on a building of interest. These maps are interesting in two ways: they are new forms of technology in and of themselves, and they have only become relevant with the changes in renewable energy technologies that allow individuals to participate in this new economy of energy production. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the cartographic representation and functionality of urban-scale solar energy maps in the United States. Using competitive analysis, we assess twelve interactive online maps to understand their: (1) design, (2) usage of visual variables and interaction operators, and (3) content, purpose, and goals. Across these three types of assessment, we find both a wide variety as well as some consistent themes. Our results also show that some maps followed cartographic conventions (Brewer 2016; Slocum et al. 2009) while others did not. Through our analysis we develop a set of best practices that can be used to improve the effectiveness and widen the functionality of online solar energy maps. In particular, we make recommendations on how to develop future online, interactive renewable energy maps in a way that keeps the end user in mind while communicating relevant information to a broader range of stakeholders involved in urban energy sustainability (homeowners, utility operators, city officials, and urban planners).
Existence and uniqueness of solution for a class of nonlinear degenerate elliptic equation in weighted Sobolev spaces
Authors: Cavalheiro Albo Carlos
Published: August 2017

In this work we are interested in the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the Navier problem associated to the degenerate nonlinear elliptic equations

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$$\matrix{{\Delta {\rm{(v}}({\rm{x}})\left| {\Delta {\rm{u}}} \right|^{{\rm{r}} - 2} \Delta {\rm{u}}) - \sum\limits_{{\rm{j}} = 1}^{\rm{n}} {{\rm{D}}_{\rm{j}} [{\rm{w}}_1 ({\rm{x}}){\cal{A}}_{\rm{j}} ({\rm{x}},{\rm{u}},\nabla {\rm{u}})]} } \hfill \cr { + \;{\rm{b}}({\rm{x}},{\rm{u}},\nabla {\rm{u}})\;{\rm{w}}_2 ({\rm{x}}) = {\rm{f}}_0 ({\rm{x}}) - \sum\limits_{{\rm{j}} = 1}^{\rm{n}} {{\rm{D}}_{\rm{j}} {\rm{f}}_{\rm{j}} ({\rm{x}}),\;\;\;\;\;{\rm{in}}\;\Omega } }}$$

in the setting of the Weighted Sobolev Spaces.
Semi-permanent hair dyes degradation at W/WO3 photoanode under controlled current density assisted by visible light
Authors: Fraga Luciano Evangelista , Guaraldo Thais Tasso , de Araújo Souza Bárbara Camila , Zanoni Maria Valnice Boldrin
Published: August 2017

The indiscriminate use of hair dyes has attracted great deal of attention due to its toxicological and mutagenic aspects demonstrated by some of these substances. Thus, the effluent from beauty salons and domestic sewages if not properly treated can reach water treatment plants and water sources, enhancing human health and environmental protection concern. This work explores the application of photoelectrocatalytic process on Basic Brown 16 and Basic Blue 99 degradation as model of basic hair dyes pollutants. W/WO
Design of One-Bit Magnitude Comparator using Photonic Crystals
Authors: Rathi Sapna , Swarnakar Sandip , Kumar Santosh
Published: August 2017

At present, photonic crystals (PhCs) are used to design various combinational and sequential circuits. In this paper, an all-optical one-bit magnitude comparator is proposed using PhC waveguide without using nonlinear material. It is based on beam interference principle, using T-shaped lattice with silicon dielectric rods in air background. It is demonstrated through finite-difference time-domain simulation and verified numerically using MATLAB simulation. The size of PhC lattice structure can be as small as 19.167a×19.167a, where ‘a’ is the lattice constant of the PhC.
A New Perspective on Regional Tax Burden Differences in China
Authors: Xi Wei , Xu Jun
Published: August 2017

Regional tax burden difference is related to regional sustainable development and social interests balance. Based on the calculation of the tax burden of 31 provinces and cities in 1995–2013, this paper puts forward that the over-statement of GDP is an important reason that causes the deviation of tax share and economic share. By using spatial econometric method, the results show that the economy as a whole is overvalued; investment in fixed assets, the proportion of secondary industry and state-owned economy have positive effects on regional GDP overestimated; per capita income and R&D have significantly negative effects on regional tax growth. Besides, the regional tax burden has spatial autocorrelation characteristic. This paper explains the abnormal difference of regional tax burden from a new perspective.
Impact of Nocturnal Natural Ventilation On the Energy Consumption of Buildings
Authors: Uciu Felicia , Catalina Tiberiu , Vartires Andreea , Colda Iolanda
Published: August 2017

The analysis presented in this paper is dealing with the correct and energy efficient measures of cooling buildings through nocturnal natural ventilation. Using this solution is proved in this article to be efficient and can reduce substantially the cooling demand. In order to establish the factors influencing the process of passively cooling a building (the ventilation volume, exterior temperature, thermal capacity of the building, possible duration of the ventilation), we have chosen different buildings, which we have placed them in different temperature zones of Romania. The study is based on multiple simulations realized with a time step of one hour, with the following variations: the climatic parameters, the thermal characteristics of the building, the air flow during night time, the proposed interior temperature. Since the study consisted of numerous simulations, in order to treat the results we have used statistical methods that cover the practical and possible situations, and proved the efficiency of nocturnal ventilation.
Stability Analysis of a Coal Combustion Residuals Impoundment
Authors: Verdeș Mihai
Published: August 2017

The overall stability of the Rovinari dry ash slurry impoundment is analyzed using a coupled seepage-stability analysis with the Finite Element Method in a bidimensional model. To better understand the behavior of such a complex structure, based on the material properties presented in Table 2, the hypotheses presented in Table 4 and described as such, a number of 9 general hypotheses were analyzed, at 178.00 m a.s.l. deposit elevation and final designed height of approximately 35.30 m which corresponds to 191.3 m a.s.l.. The results are presented in tabular form, only 8 diagrams are selected which show the Factor of Safety for hypothesis 0 and 3 which are considered to best describe the real-life conditions regarding the boundary conditions used. The results show that even at maximum designed height, the deposit is stable in the most realistic worst-case hypothesis 3, with a Factor of Safety of 1.177.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertiliser on Growth and Production of Apples in the Conditions of Latvia
Authors: Pole Valentīna , Missa Imants , Rubauskis Edgars , Kalva Egils , Kalva Sanita
Published: August 2017

Nitrogen is a nutrient necessary for many functions of plants, e.g. shoot growth, fruit and flower bud set, and fruit size. In Latvia use of mineral fertilisers is limited by EU Directives and Regulations developed on the basis of the Guidelines of Integrated Production. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertiliser on apple growth and production in the conditions of Latvia. The study was performed during 2013 to 2015. In an apple trial, seven cultivars on rootstock B.396 were planted in 2009. There were two fertiliser treatments: without fertilising and N 6 g·m-2. Significant effect of treatment was observed only in cultivar ‘Ligol’. Tree crown in the N treatment was over-dense, shoots too long, yet all cultivars had over-long shoots also in the unfertilised treatment. Effect of nitrogen in regard to amounts of acceptable and unacceptable shoots of the cultivars included in trial was negative. Nitrogen significantly increased the amount of unacceptable shoot types of cultivars ‘Gita’, ‘Rubin’ (Kazakhstan), and ‘Ligol’. Additional nitrogen as fertiliser had no significant effect on growth and yield of cultivars ‘Antei’, ‘White Transparent’ and ‘Konfetnoye.’ The cumulative yield of ‘Kovalenkovskoye’ and ‘Ligol’ was positively affected by nitrogen fertiliser. The most pronounced biennial yielding was observed for cultivar ‘Rubin’. Cultivar ‘Ligol’ had the most active and longer vegetation, especially in the nitrogen fertilisers treatment.
Use of Genetic Diversity of the Genus Prunus L. in Selection of Clonal Rootstocks for Stone Fruit Crops and Features of Their Reproduction
Authors: Eremin Gennadiy V. , Podorozhniy Vladimir N. , Eremina Oksana V.
Published: August 2017

On the basis of diversity of wild types of the genus Prunus L. (P. cerasifera, P. armeniaca, P. persica, P. fruticosa, P. lannesiana, P. maackii, P. tomentosa, P. pumila, and P. incana) in the collection of the Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station, highly adaptive, medium or weak vigour clonal rootstocks for stone fruit crops with good compatibility with grafted cultivars were selected: for plum, apricot and peach - Kuban 86, VVA-1, Evrika 99, Zarevo (Glow), Alab 1, Speaker, Best, VSV-1; and for sweet cherries and sour cherries - L-2, LC-52, VSL-1, VSL-2, and RVL-9. Part of the rootstocks were tested and successfully used in different parts of Russia and some near and far countries. The applied integration of tissue culture in vitro in the selection process at the station considerably promoted the rapid introduction of new rootstocks into world production. Technologies were developed for microclonal reproduction, and green and woody cuttings. The revealed light rooting of woody cuttings of stocks Kuban 86, Evrika 99, Zarevo, Best, VSL-1, RVL-9 (50-80%) allowed to develop technology for growing of young plants on these rootstocks directly in the first field of the nursery.
Fruit Set of Several Sour Cherry Cultivars in Latvia Influenced by Weather Conditions Before and During Flowering
Authors: Feldmane Daina , Ruisa Silvija , Pole Valentīna , Butac Madalina , Militaru Madalina
Published: August 2017

Fruit set is a crucial stage in the process of yield formation, which is influenced by environmental factors, growing technologies and peculiarities of genotype. The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of pollen (viability and germination capacity) and the effect of weather before and during flowering on fruit set in sour cherry cultivars ‘Latvijas Zemais’, ‘Zentenes’, ‘Bulatnikovskaya’, and ‘Orlica’. The research was carried out in Institute of Horticulture (Latvia University of Agriculture) in 2009-2016. Good pollen viability and germination was found for cultivars ‘Latvijas Zemais’ and ‘Bulatnikovskaya’. Negative effects of increasing air temperature (in the range of 7.7 to 17.5 °C) and relative humidity (in the range of 51.4 to 88.5%) was observed for all cultivars during flowering. The effects of diurnal temperature fluctuations, wind and the amount of days with precipitation differed depending on sour cherry cultivar.
An Optimised Protocol for Fluorescent-dUTP Based SSR Genotyping and its Application to Genetic Mapping in Eucalyptus
Authors: Li F. , Gan S.
Published: August 2017

Integration of fluorescent-dUTP in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) appears to be a sound method for fluorescence labelling of amplicons in genotyping with simple sequence repeats (SSRs) using an automated sequence analyser. However, the method has not been explored in terms of performance optimisation and cost control. In this paper, we optimised the protocol for fluorescent-dUTP based SSR genotyping in a case study with Eucalyptus. A combination of low dNTP concentration (25 μM each) in PCR reaction and a touchdown PCR programme contributed to increase dramatically the fluorescent intensity of SSR amplicons, thereby facilitating accurate and multiplexed scoring of SSR alleles. The usefulness of the optimised protocol was demonstrated in its application to genetic mapping of SSR loci onto E. urophylla and E. tereticornis linkage maps constructed previously. The protocol optimised here would provide a reliable and economical assay for sequencer-based SSR genotyping in a wide range of biological applications.
Clonal Variation in Lateral and Basal Rooting of Populus Irrigated with Landfill Leachate
Authors: Zalesny R. S. , Zalesny J. A.
Published: August 2017

Successful establishment and productivity of Populus depends upon adventitious rooting from: 1) lateral roots that develop from either preformed or induced primordia and 2) basal roots that differentiate from callus at the base of the cutting in response to wounding. Information is needed for phytotechnologies about the degree to which Populus adventitious rooting is controlled by effects of individual genotypes, waste waters used as alternative fertigation sources, and their interactions. Our objective was to irrigate twelve Populus clones with well water (control) or municipal solid waste landfill leachate and to test for differences between initiation of lateral versus basal roots, as well as root growth rate and distributional trends for both root types. We evaluated number and length of lateral roots initiated from upper, middle, and lower thirds of the cutting, as well as basal callus roots. Overall, leachate irrigation affected lateral roots but not basal roots, and there was broad clonal variation between and within root types. On average, there were 129% more lateral than basal roots, which ranged from 3 to 27 (lateral) and 2 to 10 roots (basal). The percent advantage of number of roots from the middle portion of the cutting relative to other sections was 120% (upper), 193% (lower), and 24% (basal). Clones, treatments, and their interaction did not affect root growth rate, which ranged from 1.5 ± 0.6 to 3.4 ± 0.3 cm d−1, with a mean of 2.3 ± 0.2 cm d−1. These results contribute baseline information for clonal selection needed to establish Populus for phytotechnologies, energy, and fiber.
Genetic Variation in Needle Epicuticular Wax Characteristics in Pinus Pinceana Seedlings
Authors: Ramirez-Herrera C. , Percy K. E. , Loo J. A. , Yeates L. D. , Vargas-Hernandez J.
Published: August 2017

Seedlings from each of 12 Pinus pinceana populations from throughout the species’ range in Mexico were evaluated in a common-garden test to (1) determine the level of genetic variation and genetic structure of epicuticular needle wax quantity, (2) examine differences in wax chemical composition, and (3) seek evidence for an adaptive response in wax composition and quantity across environmental and geographic gradients. Regions and populations within regions showed high variation (38.2% and 10.5%, respectively, of the total variation) in wax quantity. Epicuticular wax recovered from primary needles of P. pinceana comprised eight classes. Secondary alcohols (71.7%) were the major homologs identified by gas chromatography. Seedlings from the northern region were separated based on wax composition from seedlings from the central and southern regions by canonical discriminant analysis. A strong differentiation among regions (QSTR
=0.571) and populations within regions (QSTP(R)
=0.384) was observed for wax quantity. Data on wax quantity and chemical composition indicate that physicochemical characteristics of epicuticular wax may show adaptation of P. pinceana to local environments.
Helminths of Wild Predatory Mammals of Ukraine. Nematodes
Authors: Varodi E. I. , Malega A. M. , Kuzmin Y. I. , Kornyushin V. V.
Published: August 2017

The article summarizes information on the nematodes parasitic in wild Carnivora of Ukraine. Totally, 50 species of nematodes are known to parasitise carnivorans in the country, 30 species were registered in the present study. Nematodes were found in 14 species of examined hosts from the families Canidae, Mustelidae and Felidae. Maximum diversity of nematodes of carnivorans was observed in Polissia (forest zone in the north of the country) and in Kherson Region in the south. Hosts from the family Canidae harboured 19 nematode species; studied species of the Mustelidae were infected with 15 nematode species, 6 of them were also found in Canidae. The wildcat (Felis silvestris Schreber) and the lynx (Lynx lynx Linnaeus) harboured only two species of nematodes, both are specific parasites of these hosts. The most comprehensive information concerns the nematode communities of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus) and the wolf (Canis lupus Linnaeus), with 19 and 9 nematode species found, correspondingly. From 1 to 6 nematode species were found in other species of carnivorans.
Structure of Harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) Communities in Different, Anthropically Disturbed Beech Ecosystems (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)
Authors: Mihál I. , Černecká Ľ.
Published: August 2017

The authors evaluate the impact of different types of forestry management, and other anthropic disturbances, on harvestmen (Opiliones) communities in sub-mountain beech stands in the Western Carpathians. Harvestmen were studied in three main localities, consisting of nine partial plots (Žiar nad Hronom - (1) control closed canopy stand; Jalná - (2) control stand, (3) thinning stand, (4) 11-year old forest clearing, and (5) 2-year old forest clearing; Kováčová - (6) control stand, (7) coppice, (8) 10-year old forest clearing, and (9) 3-year old forest clearing). In total, 16 harvestmen species were found, representing 45.7 % of the 35 harvestmen species range known in Slovakia to date. Th e most abundant species, i. e., those with the highest dominance values (D), were Lophopilio palpinalis (D = 22.8%), Trogulus nepaeformis (D = 17.9%), Lacinius ephippiatus (D = 12.2%), Trogulus tricarinatus (D = 11.3%), Oligolophus tridens (D = 10.5%), and Nemastoma lugubre (D = 6.7%). At the partial plot of the 3-year old forest clearing, we found eight harvestmen species and noticed a high number of specimens (5.49) caught in one individual trap, and this was also the highest number among all the nine sites.
Hemoglobins in Single Chick Erythrocytes as Determined by a Differential Elution Procedure
Authors: Zagris Nicholas , Melton Charles G.
Published: August 2017

The switch from embryonic to adult hemoglobin (Hb) has been studied in vivo by a correlated cytological and electrophoretic analysis of circulating red blood cells from early, purely embryonic-Hb stages to purely adult-Hb stages including the adult chicken. It has been discovered, by using an acid buffer treatment that selectively elutes adult but not embryonic Hb from intact red blood cells, that embryonic and adult Hbs occur together in single cells, and that the switch occurs simultaneously in all cells. These results together with knowledge of the chick erythroid cell dynamics and ontogenetic titers indicate that the initiation of adult Hb synthesis occurs in the circulation in cells previously committed only to embryonic Hb synthesis.
Fluorescence Spectroscopic and Thermodynamic Studies of Chlorophyll Containing Monolayers and Vesicles. Part I: Mixed Monolayers of Pheophytin A and Lecithin
Authors: Heithier H. , Galla H.-J. , Möhwald H.
Published: August 2017

Mixed monolayers of pheophytin a and α-ʟ-dimyristoyl lecithin (DML) are investigated on the water surface. The studies gain their special value from the simultaneous measurement of surface pressure and fluorescence intensity as a function of the covered area per molecule.

A phase separation in the liquid state of the monolayer is established. Phase 1 exists almost exclusively of pheophytin molecules. Phase 2 exists essentially of DML domains solubilizing pheo­phytin in a concentration of 15 mol%. During the DML main transition the pheophytin solubility decreases to about 2 mol%, the excess pheophytin being precipitated within the surface layer. During the pheophytin main transition an ordered structure below the surface layer is formed. A stabilizing interaction between the pheophytin domains and their environment is observed and discussed.

A sharp fluorescence change at a pressure below 0.5 dyn/cm indicates another phase transition. It very probably involves an unwrapping of pheophytin from water molecules.
Effect of Lipid Modification on Fusion of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Vesicles
Authors: Agostini B. , Stromer M. , Hasselbach W .
Published: August 2017

Freeze fracture technique ascertains that sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles fuse during anisodiametric dehydration which leads to the formation of sheetlike structure of a mean extension of 5000 Å . Modification of the membrane lipids by phospholipase A2 digestion or the incorporation of deoxycholate facilitates the coalescence of the vesicles, while it is completely prevented by lipid removal. Membrane fusion during anisodiametric dehydration is considered as resulting from the close contact of highly curved edges from which the membrane proteins have been excluded.
Distribution and Transport of Molting Hormones in the Crayfish, Orconectes limosus
Authors: Kuppert Paul , Büchler Margit , Spindler Klaus-Dieter
Published: August 2017

When [3H]ecdysone is injected in intermolt crayfishes, about 60 - 70% of the total radioactivity are excreted within one hour as the unchanged hormone, but nearly no [3H]ecdysterone is ex­creted. The remaining [3H]ecdysone in the body is effectively converted to [3H] ecdysterone. In addition polar and apolar metabolites of both molting hormones can be extracted in an organ specific pattern. On the basis of radioactivity per g fresh weight hypodermis and male gonads and to a lesser extent hindgut and midgut gland contain most of the injected radioactivity. It can be demonstrated from in vitro experiments using the charcoal adsorption test and equilibrium dialysis that the cytosol of target tissues is able to bind both hormones with the highest capacity for hypo­dermis and male gonads. Both molting hormones do not appear to be bound to carrier proteins in the hemolymph.
Schiff Base Formation: Demonstrated by a Precipitin Reaction in Agar
Authors: Uhlenbruck G. , Chatterjee B. P. , Schuldes U.
Published: August 2017

High-molecular weight polyaldehydes, which can be obtained by periodate oxidation of glycosubstances, especially polysaccharides, do precipitate in a specific way by Schiff base formation, when diffusing in agar gel against high-molecular weight, naturally occurring polyamines.
Beliditungs- und Beschattungsreaktionen bei Balanus balanus L. (Cirripedia). Die Abhängigkeit der Reaktionsstärke von der Reizdauer in raschen L/D-Wechseln / Light and Shadow Reactions in Balanus balanus L. (Cirripedia ). The Dependence of Response Intensity on Stimulus Duration under Speedy Light-Dark Cycles
Authors: Sommer Hans-Henning
Published: August 2017

In the barnacle Balanus balanus L. the light reactions (increased activity) and shadow reactions (decreased activi­ty) depend on adaptation: As reaction to an increase of stimulus duration the barnacles show an increase of response intensity. By contrast, this paper reports on an increase of response intensity as a result of decreased stimulus dura­tion. To understand this contradictory behaviour, two adap­tive systems are assumed to be existent.
Application of M-matrices theory to numerical investigation of a nonlinear elliptic equation with an integral condition
Authors: Sapagovas Mifodijus , Griškonienė Viktorija , Štikonienė Olga
Published: August 2017

The iterative methods to solve the system of the difference equations derived from the nonlinear elliptic equation with integral condition are considered. The convergence of these methods is proved using the properties of M-matrices, in particular, the regular splitting of an M-matrix. To our knowledge, the theory of M-matrices has not ever been applied to convergence of iterative methods for system of nonlinear difference equations. The main results for the convergence of the iterative methods are obtained by considering the structure of the spectrum of the two-dimensional difference operators with integral condition.
*The research was partially supported by the Research Council of Lithuania (grant No. MIP-047/2014).
«Мой путь — к филологии…»: О Григории Осиповиче Винокуре и его искусстве слова
Authors: Никитин О. В.
Published: August 2017

This paper analyzes G. Vinokur’s scientific heritage. The main focus is on the development of his ideas in the field of linguistic construction: from the first attempts at “linguistic technology” speech and the reform of traditional approaches to literature to the establishment of philology as a science. The scientist significantly contributed to sociolinguistics and the ecology of language, style and poetic linguistics, philological criticism and textology. His innovation is remarkable in the study and interpretation of the history and the theory of verbal culture.
Factuality, Fictionality, and Self-Referentiality in the Context of Intertextual Poetics: J. M. Coetzee’s The Master of Petersburg reading F. M. Dostoevsky’s work and life
Authors: Kroó Katalin
Published: August 2017

The paper approaches the aspects of factuality and fictionality first in the context of intertextuality. Intertextuality is conceived, on the one hand, as a poetic device for the accentuation and the semantic evaluation of the factual within a “fictional” world (plot) created by literary discourse engendering an entire semantic universe. On the other hand, intertextuality is regarded as a tool for the semantic transposition of referentiality in the literary text into a self-reflexive mode of discourse evolution, integrating the text’s self-definition from a cultural historical point of view. In a wider sense, self-referentiality links the domains of the intratextual and the intertextual, explaining the phenomenon of historicity through poetic discourse, in a way which can be interpreted from a semiotic point of view. When in a process of semiotic reading, the literary text is conceptualised as a complex semiotic system revealing itself in its dynamic development, it is possible to differentiate various theoretical and methodological approaches to the correlation of the key concepts of factuality, fictionality, and self-referentiality ([self-]reflexivity).
«…the viewer and the view»: Зеркальность, движение и мгновение. Заметки к параллельному чтению Набокова и Пастернака
Authors: Hetényi Zsuzsa
Published: August 2017

My reflexions propose a parallel reading of Pasternak and Nabokov. Firstly, some possible perspectives in the comparative research of these two authors are listed. Then, there follows an outline of some typological similarities in the two writers’ early period that may be deducted from their literary situation of the time and their similar position between traditions and innovations. Finally, I discuss a very possible intertextual dialogue that may cast a new light on Nabokov’s Pale Fire.
Bifidobacterium bifidum BB28 microencapsulated with ca-alginate: Survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and stability during storage
Authors: Shu G.W. , Ma D.L. , Chen H. , Meng J.P. , Wang Y. , Xin N.
Published: August 2017

The present study was to evaluate the survival rate of free and encapsulated Bifidobacterium bifidum BB28 under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and its stability during storage. Results showed that non-microencapsulated Bifidobacterium bifidum BB28 was more susceptible to simulated gastrointestinal conditions than microencapsulated bacteria. Microencapsulated Bifidobacterium BB28 exhibited a lower population reduction than free cells during exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions, the viable count of monolayer microcapsules, double layer microcapsules, and triple layer microcapsules decreased by nine magnitudes, four magnitudes, and one magnitude after 2 h, respectively. The enteric test showed that the microorganism cells were released from the monolayer, double layer, and triple layer microcapsules completely in 40 min. Moreover, the optimum storage times of free Bifidobacterium BB28, monolayer microcapsules, double layer microcapsules, and triple layer microcapsules were 21 days, 21 days, 28 days, and more than 35 days in orange juice, pure milk, and nutrition Express (a commercially available milk based drink), and the viable counts were maintained at 1×106 CFU g−1 or more, which means that the double layer and triple layer of microcapsules of B. bifidum BB28 have great potential in food application.
Forbidden Chemistries — Paths to a Sustainable Future Engaging Continuous Processing
Authors: Gutmann Bernhard , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: August 2017

Optimizing current chemical processes alone does not yield the improvements required in the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries. At least partially, a switch from batch to continuous manufacturing is needed. Cost-, time-, and atom-efficient routes frequently demand the application of high temperatures, pressures, and concentrations, and/or the use of highly reactive reagents. These chemistries often cannot be employed in conventional reactors. Costly and long alternative synthetic routes are chosen instead. The application of continuous-flow microreactors allows to access “harsh” or “hazardous” reaction conditions and, furthermore, enables entirely new transformations.
Publicação acadêmica internacional como estratégia de internacionalização das instituições de ensino superior
Authors: Stallivieri Luciane , Biava Luísa
Published: August 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise das publicações acadêmicas internacionais dos pesquisadores da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), no ano de 2015. A pesquisa foi bibliográfica, documental e descritiva, e a análise foi quantitativa. Os resultados apresentam um número expressivo de artigos em periódicos internacionais, estando os Estados Unidos como o país com o maior número dessas publicações, e a maior parte dos pesquisadores com um artigo publicado internacionalmente. Pode-se concluir, portanto, que, mesmo com um expressivo número de publicações, a UFSC ainda precisa fortalecer o estímulo à publicação internacional, compreendendo que este é um importante quesito para a avaliação do nível de internacionalização institucional.
TWO-STAGE HEAT PUMPS FOR ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Denysova A. E. , Luzhanska G. V. , Bodnar I. O. , Denysova A. S.
Published: August 2017

The problem of energy saving becomes one of the most important in power engineering. It is caused by exhaustion of world reserves in hydrocarbon fuel, such as gas, oil and coal representing sources of traditional heat supply. Conventional sources have essential shortcomings: low power, ecological and economic efficiencies, that can be eliminated by using alternative methods of power supply, like the considered one: low-temperature natural heat of ground waters of on the basis of heat pump installations application. The heat supply system considered provides an effective use of two stages heat pump installation operating as heat source at ground waters during the lowest ambient temperature period. Proposed is a calculation method of heat pump installations on the basis of groundwater energy. Calculated are the values of electric energy consumption by the compressors’ drive, and the heat supply system transformation coefficient µ for a low-potential source of heat from ground waters allowing to estimate high efficiency of two stages heat pump installations.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ КОНВЕКТИВНОГО ТЕПЛООБМІНУ МАСЛОМ З ПОВЕРХНІ РОЗПОДІЛЬЧОГО ТРАНСФОРМАТОРА
Authors: Байдак Ю.В , Масарік М. , Матухно В.А
Published: August 2017

Результатом роботи є обґрунтування доцільності впровадження результатів моделювання рівнянь теплового балансу, складених для активної частини розподільчого трансформатора напруги, на стадії його завершального і уточнюючого етапу проектування. Активна частина знаходиться в середовищі  трансформаторного масла, а тепловіддача здійснюється теплопередачею та конвекцією. Математична модель теплового балансу відповідає еквівалентній тепловій схемі заміщення, складеної з двох суміжних вузлів зі стоками тепла - узагальненої обмотки і феромагнітного стрижня та третього суміжного з ними вузла - рухомої речовини з масла, яке додатково контактує з оточуючим середовищем нескінченної теплоємності. Рішення рівнянь отримані для середнього значення температур обмотки, стрижня магнітопроводу і масла в функції часу, що дозволяє встановити очікувані їх значення упродовж роботи трансформатора і, особливо, з нерівномірним графіком його навантаження, а також здійснювати обґрунтований вибір магнітної індукції в стрижні магнітопроводу і густини струму в обмотках за показником припустимих в них температур нагріву.
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ ТЕПЛОФИЗИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ НА ИНТЕНСИФИКАЦИЮ ПРОЦЕССОВ ТЕПЛООБМЕНА В ВАННЕ СТАЛЕПЛАВИЛЬНОГО АГРЕГАТА
Authors: Петрик А. А. , Яковлева И. Г.
Published: August 2017

К числу важнейших проблем разработки энергосберегающих технологий сталеплавильного производства стали относится проблема продувки ванны сталеплавильного агрегата с организацией эффективного кислородного режима выплавки стали для дожигания оксида углерода в отходящих газах с целью улучшения теплового баланса плавки. В условиях дефицита и высокой стоимости энергоносителей такая технология позволяет снизить затраты на выплавку стали. С целью анализа и интенсификации тепловых и кислородных режимов ведения плавки и определения влияния интенсивности продувки на теплофизические и газодина­мические процессы в ванне выполнены исследование теплообмена в объеме сталеплавильного агрегата при барботировании расплава. Приведены результаты исследований, направленных на изучение влияния теплофизических параметров подаваемого газа на интенсификацию процессов теплообмена при барботировании расплава в ванне сталеплавильного агрегата. Определено влияние на процесс теплообмена углов наклона сопел дутьевого устройства и положения фурм над расплавом. Найдена зависимость величины теплового потока при взаимодействии струи кислорода с поверхностью шлакового расплава от расхода кислорода и коэффициента теплоотдачи. Установлено, что при увеличении угла наклона сопел значения коэффициента теплоотдачи и теплового потока снижаются. Это связано с увеличением длины струи, снижением глубины лунки. Это приводит к снижению интенсивности перемешивания ванны и меньшей передаче тепла к шлаку и к металлу. При приближении дутьевое устройство к расплаву отмечается увеличение коэффициента теплоотдачи и теплового потока. Это связано с увеличением перемешивания ванны.
Escala Trifatorial da Identidade Social (ETIS): Evidências de sua Adequação Psicométrica
Authors: Nascimento Thiago Gomes , Souza Eda Castro Lucas de
Published: August 2017

Resumo Este artigo objetivou verificar evidências psicométricas (validade e precisão) de adequação da Escala Trifatorial da Identidade social (ETIS) ao contexto profissional, realizando-se dois estudos. No Estudo 1, participaram 465 policiais militares do DF, a maioria do sexo masculino (88%), com idade média de 38,78 (DP =7,08). Eles responderam a ETIS e perguntas demográficas. A análise dos componentes principais indicou a estrutura trifatorial, cujos alfas de Cronbach foram 0,83 (centralidade), 0,82 (afeto) e 0,86 (laços). No Estudo 2, participaram 451 policiais militares do DF, a maioria do sexo masculino (88,7%), com idade média de 39,25 (DP = 6,73). Testou-se a estrutura trifatorial por meio de análise fatorial confirmatória. Os indicadores de ajuste foram satisfatórios (Χ2/gl = 2,67; CFI = 0,98; GFI = 0,98; RMSEA = 0,061). A confiabilidade, medida pelo Rho de Jöreskog, mostrou-se adequada, sendo 0,87 (centralidade), 0,87 (afeto) e 0,91 (laços). Os indicadores do estudo exploratório e confirmatório demonstraram adequações psicométricas satisfatórias. Por fim, a ETIS mostrou validade convergente e discriminante para o contexto profissional.