bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimizing Deposit Formation in Industrial Fluid Heat Exchangers
Authors: Levina T M , Kireeva N A , Zharinov Y A , Krasnov A N
Published: March 2021

This paper considers the most urgent problem of today related to decreasing deposit formation in fluid heat exchangers used in industry. The authors discuss the categories of external and internal deposition, identify the causes of their formation and impact on the efficiency of heat exchange equipment. The paper reveals the causes of changes in the heat transfer coefficient of heat exchangers. Special attention is given to techniques designed to prevent or mitigate fouling in heat exchangers. Based on the analysis of Russian and foreign studies, the most popular methods for cleaning heat exchangers, their positive and negative aspects have been identified. The authors have concluded that attention should be paid not only to cleaning heat exchangers, but also to preventing their fouling.
Optimisation Approach to Minimize the Effects of Technological Disasters
Authors: Brizitskii R V , Bystrova V S , Savinov P A
Published: March 2021

It is known that the concentration of the pollutant can be reduced by adding a reagent, which increase the rate of pollutant’s decomposition. In framework of the optimization approach, the problem of decreasing of the pollutant’s concentration is reduced to the multiplicative control problem for a nonlinear model of reaction-diffusion- convection. In the model under consideration, the reaction coefficient rather arbitrarily depends on both the concentration of the pollutant and the spatial variable.
The Role of the Psychological Factor in Increasing Production Efficiency in the Rocket and Space Industry
Authors: Sviderskiy O A , Vashchuk S P , Panshin R A
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to improving the quality of the medium-range rocket and spacecraft manufactured by the «Joint Stock Company Rocket Space Centre Progress». The article reflects the results of studying the psychological and emotional profiles of the working staff for the assembly of rocket and spacecraft for remote sensing of the Earth, and its impact on the efficiency of the labor process. It has been established that an increased level of internal stress, unresolved internal conflicts in labor collectives, low communicative control and low stress tolerance among employees can lead to low performance. The recommendations proposed by the authors will stabilize the psychological status of employees.
Modelling of Ice Impacts Using Cohesive Element Method: Influence of Element Shape
Authors: Makarov O A , Bekker A T
Published: March 2021

In recent years numerical modelling is widely used for solving ice-structure interaction problems. The most popular numerical method is finite element method. One of the promising approaches for modelling ice destruction is cohesive element method, where ice field is discretized using both bulk and special cohesive elements, which are possible crack paths. The investigation of modelling features and limitations of this method have been performed by several authors but with not appropriate quality. This paper belongs to series of numerical experiments performed to study the cohesive element techniques for ice modelling and includes some considerations and study of influence of finite element shape.
Road Safety Audit Based on the Results of 2019
Authors: Dorokhin S , Zelikov V A , Starkov E V
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the accident rate in various regions of the Russian Federation based on the results of the five-year period 2015-2019, the main periods of time are identified for which a significant number of road accidents are characteristic. The main directions of activities to reduce the accident rate in certain periods of time are determined, practical recommendations and solutions are proposed. In general, the use of a detailed approach to the analysis of accidents makes it possible to concretize certain types of incidents and develop measures to reduce or completely eliminate them.
The Use and Utilization of CO2, as Part of the Fight with Greenhouse Effect
Authors: Batarshin V , Gulevatenko A , Semiokhin A
Published: March 2021

the Modern world is characterized by unsolved environmental problems that arise due to progress. So, become necessary today, objects become harmful to the environment. It is worth noting that there are methods to reduce the harm to the environment. Methods for reducing the amount of carbon dioxide will be considered in this article.
Method of Evaluation of Extreme Wave Probability
Authors: Bulgakov K Yu , Eremina N S , Simakina T E
Published: March 2021

Method of evaluation of cumulative probability of appearance of wind waves with any given height is described. The method is based on direct modeling of wind wave fields and uses long-term dataset of significant wave height. The application of the method using wave forecast model data is presented. The disadvantages of the analyses of annually and seasonally average fields of extreme wave height probability obtained by the method are considered. Another application of evaluating of extreme wave height field based on the method is proposed.
Popular Mobile Applications for Crop Production
Authors: Aletdinova A A
Published: March 2021

The level of implementation of information and communication technologies in agriculture changes the demand for information support for crop production management. The study showed that the main criteria for selecting mobile crop applications in Russia are recommendations from friends and colleagues, content and timeliness of data updates, cost of use, language, user reviews and ratings. According to the scope of application, the author has identified the following groups of mobile applications: management of technical means; control and measurement of technological parameters; production planning; management decision support, knowledge development, communication and consulting; sales and purchasing organization. The most popular applications for Russian crop production workers are applications for precision farming technologies, navigation, agro calculators, nitrogen management, process maps and reference books. The results obtained differ from the global ones and are explained, in our opinion, by cultural and geographical characteristics, the level of digitalization of the economy, education, and technology.
Smart Rural Settlement: Digitalizing the Quality of Life
Authors: Kurcheeva G I , Klochkov G A
Published: March 2021

A targeted approach to digitalization of the quality of life in rural settlements is considered. The decline in the rural population is evidence of the continuing lag in the quality of life of the rural population from the urban one. Along with this, new indicators related to digitalization appear, such as the number of computers per household, the availability of mobile communications, and others. The growth of these indicators among the rural population is close to that of the urban population, which allows setting goals and performance criteria to improve the quality of life based on digitalization. The main tool, in this case, can be websites, which we analyzed for all districts of the Novosibirsk region; this procedure does not require large capital investments, but allows solving many problems of a social and public nature.
Consideration of Multiscale Permeability Studies of the Formation for Creation of the Targeted Permanent Geological and Technological Model of a Cavern and Pore Collector
Authors: Kozyrev N D , Kochnev A A , Mengaliev A G
Published: March 2021

The geological-hydrodynamic model of the reservoir is very important in predicting of oil field performance. Reliability and accuracy of the forecast depend on the quality and quantity of the initial information. The assessment and accounting of the results of various methods of reservoir analysis is often carried out separately from each other and at different times of model creation. As a result, it becomes impossible to describe clearly physical processes occurring in the formation. In addition, the degree of uncertainty of the reservoir properties remains high, even with a sufficient information. So a comprehensive analysis of all initial information is needed. The paper presents a methodological approach for integrating multi-scale data. Based on the clarification made Cuba permeability of the reservoir complex manifold in “Vostochno Lambeyshorskoe” field. Taking into account all borehole studies allowed reducing the degree of permeability uncertainty and more accurately assessing the filtration processes occurring during the development of the field. The proposed method of aggregation is universal and can be replicated for all oil fields with different degrees of study. information search engines rely heavily on the content of titles and abstracts to identify the corresponding articles in literary searches.
Environmental Assessment of an Area Affected by a Solid Municipal Waste Landfill
Authors: Begunova L A , Ulanova O V , Begunov A A
Published: March 2021

Landfill leachates and water from the adjacent area and the sanitary protection zone were studied. The concentrations of chlorides, nitrites, nitrates, phosphates, and other substances were determined using spectrophotometric and mercurimetric analytical techniques. The contents of heavy metals in water were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Glaukonite from Deposits of Different Age in Mountain Crimea
Authors: Georgievskiy A F , Bugina V M
Published: March 2021

The article describes glauconites, which in stratigraphic section of the Crimean Mountains, are mainly localized among Alb-Cenomanian, Maastricht-Danian and Eocene deposits. The study of isolated mono fractions made possible to identify the characteristics of glauconites of different ages and different generations. Three generations are distinguished, reflecting a sequential series of glauconite transformation at different stages of sedimentary rock formation. Generations differ in density, electromagnetic, structural, and chemical properties. Together, they allow to consider glauconites as heterogeneous illite formations with a variable content of swelling smectite layers, replaced by “hard” illite packets. This led to stabilization of the glauconites structure and their self-purification from Mn, Ti, V, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn. At different stratigraphic levels glauconites also differ in trace contaminants. In Alb-Cenomanian glauconites V, Cu, Zn accumulate above Clark. Danian varieties are enriched in Cr and a little in V, and Eocene glauconites - Mn, Ni, Co, and B. The glauconites formation was an intermittent, multi-stage, recycling process. Their main mass was formed during diagenetic crystallization of Al-Fe-Si gel. The process was repeatedly interrupted by sediments’ rewashing and roiling by waves and currents. Then the glauconites formation renewed again in the form of microconcretions or of outgrowths, coatings, and shells over rewashed glauconite grains. The maximum concentration of glauconite occurred at elevated offshore areas during erosion and rewashing of glauconite-containing sediments, as well as in depressions below the wave erosion base. Diagenetic glauconite formation was optimally combined with the accumulation of glauconite grains, transported by sea heaving and currents.
Comparative Strain-Stress State Analysis of the Pipeline During the Construction of the Trunk Line Underwater Passage by the Directed Drilling Method
Authors: Ivanova I V , Ramzaeva M A , Teregulov M R
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the determination of the stress-strain state of the section of the underwater crossing of the main pipeline using the Ansys software package. The paper proposes a method for calculating the stressed state, taking into account the deformation of the cross-section of the pipeline during pulling through. This technique makes it possible to estimate bending stresses in the pipeline arising from changes in the geometry of the pipeline in accordance with the well profile depending on time. This approach makes it possible to assess the stress-strain state of the pipeline along the entire length of the pull-through section.
Prevention of Hydrosphere’s Pollution by Aluminium
Authors: Poklonov V A , Grishaeva Yu M , Spirin I V , Glazachev S N
Published: March 2021

The environmental hazard is the transport of toxic ions and aluminium oxides entering the hydrosphere. In addition to solving global issues of maintaining environmental wellbeing through sustainable development, it is necessary to solve the technological problems of cleaning water bodies from excessive aluminium. One of the effective measures to solve such problems is the use of phytoremediation - a set of methods for treating wastewater and water bodies with the help of aquatic plants. The study of aquatic organisms (hydrobionts) ecology shows how do they affect the physical and chemical parameters of the environment, including the hydrosphere. Our study in measuring the concentration and toxicity of aluminium ions in the aquatic environment based on the results of experiments with aquatic plants (macrophytes) Ceratophyllum and Chara fragilis, as well as with the higher aquatic plant Callitriche palustris Linne showed the possibility in initiating self-purification processes of hydrosphere objects from mentioned pollutants. Another option in preventing hydrosphere pollution by aluminium compounds should be based on implementation the noospheric transformation of the educational system for national economy specialists in accordance with proposals, given in the paper.
Hydrodynamic Causes of Vibration in the Pipe Bend of Process Pipelines
Authors: Tokarev A P , Spirin S E , Godovskiy D A
Published: March 2021

Hydrodynamic vibrations can occur both in pump piping at local resistances and in the pump, for example, when it’s operated outside the working area. Vibrations occurring in the hydraulic section of the pumps and associated pipings are transmitted to the mechanical section and can lead to breakdowns. Oscillations of pump piping can be caused by both hydrodynamic reasons and vortex formation at local resistances, and resonance with the natural frequencies of the piping. In some cases, the vibration of pipelines exceeds the permissible norms by 1.5-2 times. The range of vibration frequencies of a hydrodynamic nature directly depends on the flow rate of the working medium. As the latter decreases, the range also decreases. In any elbow of the pipeline, with a sufficient flow rate of the liquid, vortex formation occurs, which is the cause of forced vibrations. The values of the Strouhal number characterizing hydrodynamic phenomena in unsteady flow regimes for the flow of liquids in local resistances of pipelines have been studied very little.
How the Key Indicators of Motor Oil Quality Affect the Reliability of Engine Assemblies in Tractors
Authors: Myalo O V , Myalo V V , Demchuk E V
Published: March 2021

Diagnostics in place is used for on-the-go monitoring of internal combustion engine condition in tractors. When an engine is running, motor oil is continuously interacting with the engine processes, which is why change in motor oil quality is used as the criterion of such interaction. This research used two diagnostic methods: oil spectrometry to detect the content of wear products in used oil as well as the content of silicon, sodium, and metals from oil additives; and spot check to determine the total contamination of oil, its water content, and dispersancy. Studies found out the characteristic indicators of change in the engine’s technical condition. The authors were able to obtain dependencies that can be used to find out the diameter of additive diffusion spots, the radii of contamination / additive / pure oil zones. The paper establishes how oil quality correlates with the technical condition of the engine. A combined analysis of two oil and ICE assembly diagnosis methods produced the reference values for oil spot checks.
Technologies and Machinery for Tillage on Slopes
Authors: Myalo V V , Myalo O V , Demchuk E V
Published: March 2021

With slope farming, land improvement operations shall be adapted to successfully counteract both wind and water erosion, as well as their joint effects. Paraplowing and chisel plowing are considered the most effective for controlling water erosion in the Western Siberia region, where the steepness of slopes in most areas does not exceed 4-6 degrees. However, even relatively small slopes have large areas where the required direction of machinery movement is difficult to determine unambiguously, while incorrect tillage significantly enhances erosion processes on the slopes. A number of disadvantages of existing tools can be eliminated with the help of a rotary-type blade tiller developed by Omsk SAU. As the machinery moves, the tool creates intermittent grooves of a complex configuration on the field surface, which allow to restrain the flow of melt and storm water. With a working depth of over 40 cm in the middle of the furrow, the tool operates partly as a paraplow keeping the crop residue on the field surface. However, this tool needs further modernization. Therefore, research aimed at creating and improving the tool pieces of tillage machinery capable of working on slopes of complex configuration is currently relevant.
Genetic Characteristics of the Even Breed of Deer in Yakutia
Authors: Dodokhov V V , Pavlova N I , Rumyantseva T D , Kalashnikov L A
Published: March 2021

Microsatellite markers Rt6, BMS1788, Rt 30, Rt1, Rt9, FCB193, Rt7, BMS745, C 143, Rt24, OheQ, C217, C32, NVHRT16, T40, C276 were used to study the genetic profile of the Even breed of deer cultivated in Yakutia. It was found that microsatellite markers in Even deer have a wide range of alleles. The total number of identified alleles reached 120 and varied depending on the locus from 3 (C32; C143) to 14 (BMS2088). The Chukchi deer breed is characterized by a high level of heterozygosity of microsatellite loci, the observed level of heterozygosity on average for all studied loci is 0.702. On average, 7.5 alleles (Na) were detected per locus, and the average number of effective alleles (Ne) was 3.9. The fixation index indicator has an average negative value of -0.024.
Sustainable Milk Production as a Food Security Factor in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Eliseeva L I , Stepanov K M
Published: March 2021

This article presents the assessment results for the food safety of the republic. To assess the food safety of the republic for milk products, we studied the consumption of food per capita.
Formation of Hydrocarbon Deposits in the Riphean-Lower- Paleozoic Sedimentary Basin in the Southern Siberian Platform
Authors: Marsanova M R , Berzin A G
Published: March 2021

In fluidodynamic theories activated deep faults with a key characteristic "activated" are an important and integral part of the oil and gas basins. The influence of fault tectonics on the processes of oil and gas formation is generally recognized and reflected in a variety of publications, but the mechanism of influence that is associated with the activation parameters: cyclicity of manifestation, generation redirection, time and the period of activation of fault systems, remains insufficiently studied [10, 11, 12, 13, 14].

Previously, in the marginal depressions of the east of the Siberian platform (Viluy Syneclise), carried out by several sedimentary basins (OPB), periodic processes of different ages activation of previously laid deep fault systems with various directions and generations were established.

It’s argued that the formation of hydrocarbon deposits in the synchronous sediments of the same Riphean-lower Paleozoic OPB on-site of Nepa-Botuoba anteclise was due to subvertical fluid flows from underfoundation sources and processes of reformation of hydrocarbon deposits between productive layers under the influence of the periodic re-activation of fault systems with different spatial orientation. Deposits in productive formations of the terrigenous Vendian complex form under the influence of fault activation of early North-East, North of the North-East and submeridional generations. But in productive carbonate horizons of Wend-Cambrian and Lower Cambrian deposits form at the cost of reformation of deposits in the vendian deposits as affected by late north-west generation faults in the zones of overlaying on earlier generation. Oil exploration in the carbonates is recommended in the areas adjacent to the selected fault systems.
Study of the Effect of the Film-Forming Substance on the Corrosion Resistance of Intumescent Paints
Authors: Yamshchikova S A , Yamshchikov E I , Nasibullina O A
Published: March 2021

One of the simplest and most effective fire protection methods for building structures is the application of a fire retardant intumescent coating on the surface of a structure. These swelling (intumescent) type coatings are widely used today. Intumescent coatings can increase the fire resistance of polymer compositions, but they have insufficient chemical resistance, resistance to high humidity. As a result, corrosion pockets appear on the surface of the steel structure and under the coating during long-term operation, the coating peels off, and cracks appear on it, and adhesion decreases. The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of a film-forming substance (binder) on the resistance of intumescent paints to the action of a corrosive atmosphere. For this, intumescent compositions with three different binders were made. The paint composition was applied with a brush to metal plates. For the experiments, samples of St 3 were used. The problem was solved, which was aimed at studying the heat-insulating properties of the studied coatings and the microhardness of metal samples under it. As the main criterion for evaluating the fire retardant properties, the heating time of the metal substrate of the sample was used. It was revealed that three paints obtained satisfactory results and can be used in industry. But epoxy binder paint got better results.
Technique for Justifying the Amount of the Redundant Developed Reserves Considering the Content of Metal in the Mining Ore
Authors: Rysbekov K B , Toktarov A A , Kalybekov T
Published: March 2021

An analysis of the preparedness of reserves in the Kazakhstan quarries has shown that in a real production process, periods of stable mining unit operation alternate with failures when the ore mass is not fully or partially supplied over the estimated time in the targeted amount and quality. To eliminate the production process breakdown and ensure continuity and consistency of the individual mining cycle stages, redundant mining units with developed reserves should be provided.

A technique for justifying the prepared ore reserves is proposed considering the variability of the active mining face parameters based on a statistical analysis of data of operating mining enterprises. To determine the dependence of the produced raw material qualitative composition homogeneity on the number of open pitiable mining faces, the actual weekly-daily schedules of the mining operations of several quarries (test pit 1) and (test pit 2) have been used. It is assumed that under the conditions of an operating mining enterprise, some averaging process parameters independent of the number of mining units may be considered constant and determined based on the operation data. Therefore, the solution to the problem of determining the effect of the number of mining units on the ore flow averaging level can be simplified.

The dependence of the useful component content on the number of operating mining units has been studied. A regression analysis of statistical data has been performed. Based on empirical dependencies, formulas for simplified calculating the amount of redundant developed reserves considering the required quality of the extracted ore have been obtained.
Vermiculite of the Inagli Field as a Promising Material for Environmental Use at Reclamation Sites
Authors: Erofeevskya L A , Aleksandrov A R
Published: March 2021

This article discusses experimental studies of the use of local vermiculite from the Inagli field (Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia) as a recultivant on industrially disturbed permafrost-soil ecosystems of Yakutia after emergency oil spills. A brief description of the material composition, physical, chemical and technological properties of local vermiculite, which are close to the properties of vermiculite of the Kovdorskoe field (Murmansk oblast, Russia), is given. The sorption properties of Yakut vermiculite were tested on oil from the Talakan field, gasoline, diesel fuel, and toluene. Vermiculite of the Inagli field is a promising raw material for the production of oil sorbents, especially in connection with the increase in oil production, processing and transportation on the territory of Yakutia. The results of experimental application of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms (HOM) immobilized on vermiculite in oil-contaminated soils are presented. The technology of using vermiculite raw materials for oil pollution cleaning of various types of permafrost soils provides a significant environmental and economic effect, contributing to reducing the time of rehabilitation of disturbed lands and improving the environment of the disturbed territory.
Technical Modernization as an Element of Technological Safety of a Peat Mining Enterprise (for Example «Tverregiontorf»)
Authors: Yakonovskaya T B , Zhigulskaya A I
Published: March 2021

In the study, the authors analyze the structure of the peat mining equipment park of «Tverregiontorf» and assess the technical level of the machines used, which affects the dynamics of peat extraction volumes. The article deals with the problem of assessing the technological safety of peat mining equipment. The existing two approaches to the analysis of technological safety are not adequate enough. The authors propose to use a technical and economic approach to the analysis of the level of technical safety of a peat mining enterprise on the basis of a model of functioning of a peat mining machine. The functional model of peat technology is based on the idea of technical modernization of the peat machine design and modernization of peat production technology. The technical and economic approach makes it possible to determine the optimal structure of the mining equipment park, as well as to modernize the technology of the production process of peat extraction and to form appropriate mobile sets of machines for the extraction of peat and peat-wood raw materials.
Perspectives for the Use of Digital Technologies in the Agricultural Sector in Order to Optimize Agricultural Operational Processes
Authors: Zolkin A L , Matvienko E V , Shavanov M V
Published: March 2021

The article deals with issues of impact of the digital economy on the development of agriculture, it determines the degree of influence of information technologies on agricultural production processes, presents the types of information received from farmers and proposes process solutions for digitalization of production for each agricultural producer. The main directions of digitalization of breeding and seed production have been considered. It has been established that digital technologies make it possible to achieve the intended results faster and more efficiently and to reveal the fullest genetic potential of plants.
Assessment of the Bottom Sediments State After Oil Spill
Authors: Glyaznetsova Yu S , Zueva I N , Lifshits S Kh , Chalaya O N , Popova N I
Published: March 2021

The paper has deal with the monitoring of the lake bottom sediments which were contaminated by oil during emergency spill. The results of geochemical study of chloroform bitumoids extracted from sediment samples showed that the processes of transformation of oil hydrocarbons lasted for 10 years since the oil spill. This is indicated a decrease in the residual oil content and changes in the chemical composition of bitumoids. The hydrocarbons content was decreasing and resinous-asphaltene components was increasing as oxygen-containing groups and bonds in the chemical structure of bitumoids. In the individual composition of hydrocarbons the significant redistribution of saturated hydrocarbons was occurring both within the homologous series and between different homologous series, the CPI coefficient and the biodegradation coefficient Prophy/nC17+nC18 was increasing. By 2017 in absence of new oil spills the chemical composition of bottom sediments had closed to a state inherent in the native organic matter of bottom sediments of coastal lake facies, which characterized by the presence of compounds typical for higher plant lipids (dominance of high molecular weight n-alkanes of composition nC23–nC33 with a significant predominance of odd homologues, a high content of oxygen-containing compounds – solid saturated fatty acids, aliphatic esters and saturated ketones).
Neural Network Approaches to Modeling of Natural. Emergencies. Prediction of Lena River Spring High Waters
Authors: Struchkova G , Lebedev M , Timofeeva V , Kapitonova T , Gavrilieva A
Published: March 2021

Floods play a significant role in terms of damage and safety during construction and operation of crucial objects such as a bridge over the Lena river and underwater crossings of trunk pipelines in the North and the Arctic.

A rapid rise of spring high water on the Lena river is due to accelerated melting of snow in a basin and a meridional flow direction of the river.

If flood control measures are not taken, then severe economic and social consequences are inevitable, especially in places with complex infrastructure. As, for example, heavily populated cities, the strategically important objects, the underwater crossings of the trunk pipelines, bridges and power lines.

This paper presents results of a study of a possibility of use of neural network algorithms to predict danger of the flood from the spring high waters on a section of the Lena river based on statistical archival data obtained over 70 years and an assessment of effectiveness of the neural network approach. The artificial neural networks have proven their effectiveness in solving various prediction problems, especially when using the statistical data. The use of the neural network approach based on the prediction of a time series from previous values gives the good results. Modeling was carried out using methods of a multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis network (RBF). Both selected methods showed sufficient adequacy of selected statistical models.
Mechanism of Development of Human Freezing Under the Action of Naturally Low Temperatures
Authors: Alexeev R Z , Andreev A S , Ivanov V A , Alexeev Yu R , Nifontov K R , Struchkov N A
Published: March 2021

The study of the effects of naturally low temperatures on the human and animal body is of interest to clinicians who provide medical care to persons who have hypothermia. At present, deaths from general cooling in naturally low temperatures (below -40°C) have not been studied in the world. The possibility of returning to life after freezing has not only not been studied, but is not even expected, although there is very valuable scientific evidence on the return to life of individual organs after deep hypothermia, including the brain. Thermometry was performed for twelve people exposed to a low temperature of -40°C and below. Original thermocouples were manufactured and applied for measurement. In order to study the state of the brain during freezing and the cooling development mechanism, experiments were carried out. The experiments were performed on clinically healthy 6 pigs obtained from the Khatassky pig complex at the age of 3-4 months, weighing from 15 to 20 kg. Data on temperature changes in various organs was collected. Comparative analyzes of changes in the EEG and ECG, depending on changes in body temperature was carried out.
Effect of Semitransparent Screen on Heat Transfer Through a Flat Wall
Authors: Timofeev A M , Prokopiev A R , Alekseeva E N
Published: March 2021

Evaluation the energy efficiency of houses under a transparent dome is a rather difficult task due to the complexity of taking into account numerous factors affecting heat transfer, in particular the greenhouse effect. In this paper, a relatively simple model for calculating the characteristics of heat transfer through the wall of a building with a dome, which takes into account the greenhouse effect, is proposed. It is shown that the presence of a semitransparent screen due to the greenhouse effect significantly changes the temperature of the building wall under the dome and the heat flux, which implies the importance of taking into account factors such as the optical properties of the screen, the temperature of the sky, and other climatic factors when calculating the thermal regime of dome systems.
Research on Fuel Consumption for Different Values of Capacity Factor of Engine of Combine Harvester
Authors: Rogovskii I L , Voinash S A , Sokolova V A , Krivonogova A S
Published: March 2021

In article the authors substantiate that fuel consumption of combine harvester is usually influenced by design features of combine harvester: productivity, engine capacity and fuel efficiency of engine, the size of silo and grain unloading speed, the transport speed of combine, and other design features. The authors found out that specific fuel consumption of combine harvester tends to decrease with increasing of crop yield. When the normative yield, which provides passport throughput of combine, is achieved, further reduction of specific fuel consumption becomes minimal. This reduction is greater for straw – 1:1.0. Therefore, when the ratio of grain to non-grain part of mass is 1:1.5 and yield is increased to 2.5 t/ha, we observe sharp decrease in specific fuel consumption. The straw index also significantly influences the formation of specific fuel consumption of combine harvester, with yield of 4.5 t/ha and ratio of grain to non-grain part of 1:1.0, the specific fuel consumption is 2.83 l/t, and at the same yield and straw rate and ratio of grain to non-grain part of 1:2 the specific fuel consumption is 4.15 l/t (increase of 47%).
Concerning the Planned-High-Altitude Position of the Underwater Crossing of Hatassy-Pavlovsk MGL Across the River Lena
Authors: Ivanov D S , Ammosov G S , Kornilova Z G , Yakovlev Yu A
Published: March 2021

One of the determining factors for the efficiency of the main gas lines in Yakutia is their interaction with complex geotechnical and operating conditions. The most complex structures are underwater crossings of pipelines across the water bodies. Underwater crossings are among the high-risk systems; they are the most critical. The terms of accident elimination at underwater crossings are much longer than those of similar damage on the linear section of pipeline. Besides, their repair during operation is comparable in complexity and cost to the construction of a new underwater passage. This article provides data on conducting monitoring studies of the state of the Hatassy-Pavlovsk MGL across the channel part of the river Lena, determination of the planned-high-altitude positions of two pipelines on the floodplain sections of the route, on channel processes that affect SSS of welded joints of the pipes and determine the operational reliability and durability of the MGL.The determination of riverbed deformations in the area of the underwater crossing of the main gas line (MGL) is one of the most important issues of the research. Changes in the characteristics of the river flow, safety and service reliability of the underwater crossing of MGL across the river Lena depend on the riverbed deformations. The quicksand disturbance along the course of the river Lena significantly affects the nature of ice drift and spring floods. Due to the erosion of bottom sediments and soil heaving on the coastal slopes of the Hatassky channel, as well as its shallowing, the underwater crossing of the gas pipeline is completely seized by freezing ice and soil of the coastal slopes and is tightly clamped. Studies have revealed the seasonal loosening of the surface pipeline and scour at its underwater part, wearing away of the riverbanks, as well as anthropogenic impact under changing climatic conditions.
Ground Penetrating Radar Investigations of the River Ice Cover in the Integrated Monitoring of Dangerous Hydrological Phenomena
Authors: Fedorov M P , Fedorova L L , Kulyandin G A
Published: March 2021

Ice jams are dangerous hydrological phenomena characteristic of most rivers of Russia. To reduce the risk of flooding of settlements during the spring flood, the development of technology for integrated monitoring of the river ice cover, based on the methods of GPR and the Earth remote sensing (ERS), is proposed. The advantage of the technology is the ability to obtain detailed information in vast and inaccessible areas with a bleak climate. The results of an experimental study of a site of 0.4 km2 in the Khatystakh arm of the Lena River are presented. The OKO-2 GPR (Logis-Geotech group of companies, Russia) determined the thickness and structure of the ice cover. Satellite images determined the tonal characteristics of the ice cover in contact with sand and water. The combination of GPR results and ERS images made it possible to obtain detailed information about the spatial change in the thickness and structure of the ice cover. The prospect of integrated information lies in the possibility of integral assessments, and their use in modeling, monitoring and forecasting ice conditions in the spring.
Some Problems of Environmental Security of Territory of Oil and Gas Complex of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Lifshits S Kh , Glyaznetsova Yu S , Zueva I N , Chalaya O N , Popova N I
Published: March 2021

Oil and gas complexes sometimes use a method of cleaning soils from oil pollutions by covering polluted area with ground. An analysis of five years monitoring has shown that such method not only does not remove oil pollution, but also prevents further soil remediation using effective cleaning methods such as bioremediation, due to the absence at a depth of air oxygen and solar radiation which are necessary conditions for the life of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms. As a result oil pollution with thawed water annually seeps back to the soil surface, which leads to secondary environmental pollution by oil hydrocarbons.
Reducing Diesel Fuel Depression Using a Depressor- Dispersing Additive
Authors: Iovleva E L
Published: March 2021

In Russia, the operation of diesel-powered vehicles in the cold climate zone occupying most of the country requires the use of high-quality low pour point diesel fuel. The demand for winter and Arctic diesel fuel in Russia reaches 30 % of the total diesel production, but its actual production output is about 17 %. However, despite the demand for diesel fuel, the summer diesel remains unused for the season and should be stored until the next season. Diesel fuel is a mixture of hydrocarbons of various densities and has low viscosity; for this reason, it tends to stratification during long-term storage. The heavy diesel components accumulate at the tank bottom, while light and medium hydrocarbons remain in the total mass. In the paper, we have studied the possibility of obtaining winter diesel from summer one by introducing a depressor-dispersing additive.
The Oily Soil Reclaiming by the Spent Selective Sorbent
Authors: Ignatkina D O , Voytyuk A A , Shevtsova I M
Published: March 2021

The article is about one of the possible method of the spent sorbent utilization as a recultivated addition for oily soil liquidation. The main sources of the oil pollution are mentioned. It is suggested to use the spent selective sorbent as addition for oil liquidation, which is consisted of 70% of the spent active ooze and 30% of mineral component. The physicochemical properties of the spent sorbent based on the excess active ooze are studied. The average data of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium containing is mentioned. It is experimentally proved that oily soil, which contains a great amount of organic matter, decreases the toxicity of heavy metals, and plants can delete them. Brassica juncea, which belongs to mustard family, was chosen for the laboratory research as an effective accumulator of the heavy metals ions. The heavy metal ions are absorbed during the process of the Brassica juncea seed sprouting and then they are moved to the top of the plant that is why at the end of the basic process of vegetation the toxic polluted biomass is reduced and utilized. There are recommendations for the preliminary preparation of the spent sorbent before using it as the recultivated addition in the oily soil.
The Impact of Technologies on the Production Ability of Winter Wheat in the South of Russia
Authors: Pismennaya E V , Golosnoy E V , Azarova M Yu
Published: March 2021

Food security is one of the main conditions for the stable development of society and the country as a whole. The main food crop in the South of Russia is winter wheat. The aim of the research was to study the influence of the system without tillage and the traditional technology of cultivating crop on the production ability of plants and soil quality. The studies were conducted on the territory of Agrokhleboprodukt JSC in the Ipatovsky Region of the Stavropol Territory. The technology without soil cultivation has a positive effect on soil indicators: soil density (1.27–1.28 g/cm3), productive moisture supply (64.7 mm for sunflower and 76.2 mm for chickpeas). The content of exchange potassium before sowing in sunflower was 361.3-365.7 mg/kg, for chickpea - 399.0-403.0 mg/kg; mobile phosphorus - 32.1-33.2 and 36.8-37.4 mg/kg respectively; nitrogen - 12.6-14.4 and 13.0-14.9 mg/kg respectively. On average, in the variant where sunflower acted as the forecrop, the yield of winter wheat varied within 39.2-44.4 c/ha, chickpeas - 44.5-46.7 c/ha. Trend models reflected a very close relationship between factor features (potassium and phosphorus) and winter wheat productivity (r = 1.0).
Use of Computer Technologies in Animal Breeding
Authors: Khoroshailo T A , Komlatsky V I , Kozub Y A
Published: March 2021

At the present stage of development of agricultural enterprises, one of the conditions for their successful functioning is information support, which includes the collection and processing of information necessary for making informed management decisions. An automated process control system in livestock complexes fulfills up to 80% of all emerging management planning tasks. The tasks set today already have examples of solutions in the Russian Federation. Farms, the management of which timely and accurately assesses the situation and switches to resource-saving innovative technologies, begin to use the various available capabilities of information technologies. Unfortunately, hundreds of managers are «charged» with ideas of modern technologies, but only dozens dare to start their implementation.
Research on the Iron Content in Plant-based Beverages
Authors: Volkova D A , Smotraeva I V , Balanov P E
Published: March 2021

The current study considers tackling iron deficiency and nutritional anaemia through consumption of functional iron-rich foods, which are produced from plant-based ingredients. The study proposes the approach of developing functional beverages recipes. It includes ingredients selection, formula calculation, drink sample evaluation and iron measurement. Manufactured drinks are aimed at vulnerable groups and cover certain amount of iron daily dosage. The approach may act as the way of producing safer food options to avoid immoderate iron intake and prevent chronic iron overload. As the result of the study, the iron content of the best-evaluated sample was measured, and it was estimated that produced Hibiscus-based beverage may be utilized as the tool to prevent deficiency and anaemia in specific groups, without creating the threat for non-targeted individuals.
Recovery of Boric Acid from Aqueous Solutions Using Polycondensation Anion Exchangers
Authors: Lipunov I N , Pervova I G
Published: March 2021

The sorption behavior and mechanism of boric acid recovery on polymerization anion exchangers of both strongly and weakly basic types are now fairly well understood, while a current knowledge of the sorption of boric acid on polycondensation anion exchangers is limited. The present investigation was carried out to establish influences of temperature, concentration and pH of boric acid on its sorption behavior. It was used polycondensation anion exchangers based on monoethanolamine and epichlorohydrin (SB-1, SB-2) and pyrocatechol and formaldehyde (SB-7, SB-8). It has been revealed that anion exchangers in the hydroxyl form containing alcohol and aminooxyethyl functional groups possess high sorption activity and selectivity for boron. When sorption of boric acid from solutions at a concentration more than 0.057 M, pH 5.0-7.5, the exchangers have been shown to possess unusually high sorption capacity for boron. It has been established that the mechanism of boric acid sorption on the hydroxyl-form polycondensation anion exchanger has the mixed nature owing to the fact that it was observed two simultaneous processes: first, chemisorption of boric acid molecules by the hydroxyl groups of the anion exchangers, coupled with the accumulation of tetraborate anions [B4O5(OH)4]2- in the sorbent phase, and second, complex formation of polynuclear boron compounds.
Recycling Phenolic Wastewater from Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Production
Authors: Pervova I G , Klepalova I A , Lipunov I N
Published: March 2021

The sorption Phenolic wastewater is a kind of hazardous waste due to the presence of free phenol which is a highly toxic organic compound. Described in the literature and implemented, technology solutions for dephenolization are commonly based on thermal destruction. However, thermal treatment technologies have a range of disadvantages and the main ones of them are the losing of phenol and formaldehyde, which are valuable chemical raw materials and changing the balance of atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide. At the same time, owing to bonding properties, phenol and formaldehyde are used as polymer binders for manufacturing composite materials gradually replacing commercial synthetic resins. The paper presents results of the investigation related to developing a resource-saving technology for the recovery of phenol and formaldehyde from industrial phenolic wastewater by obtaining composite construction material and sodium phenolate. Sawdust and wastes from textolite manufacturing and processing were used as fillers and modifiers in a composite mixture. The presented technological process has been developed on the base of recycling using combined technologies through inter-industrial collaboration. This approach makes it possible to obtain high-quality recycled products from technogenic raw materials (degree of phenol conversion was 0.995) and to carry out complete dephenolization of the wastewater (residual phenol concentration was 2⋅10−2mg/l), which can be used in the wastewater reuse system for the main chemical manufacturing.
Ecological and Biochemical Evaluation of the Kalmyk Cattle Meat When Including Mineral Feed Additives in Fattering Bulls Diet
Authors: Sleptsov I I , Martynov A A , Vasiliev Ya S
Published: March 2021

The article presents the study results of the Kalmyk breed bulls meat chemical composition, that had been fed local non-traditional feed additives — zeolite and salt. The data shows differences in chemical composition of the average sample bulls meat, in the experimental group dry matter was from 27.09 to 31.02%, meat protein was 2.97% higher, and fat was 2.18% higher than the control group.

The ratio of protein and fat in both group meat was 0.62-0.64. In studied meat samples was different vitamin content. In the experimental animals meat, B1 vitamin was 26.8% higher, B2 -5.9%, E - 2.6%, PP - 8.2%.

Studies show that the mineral additives in the diet contributes to a greater accumulation of dry matter, nutrients, and vitamins. Under such technology, beef has a great energy density and biological value. The article also reflects the study results of the Kalmyk bulls meat macro- and microelement composition. When analyzing the data, we found that the animals receiving natural feed additives have the best ultimate composition in their meat.