bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TDP‐43/ALKBH5‐mediated m6A modification of CDC25A mRNA promotes glioblastoma growth by facilitating G1/S cell cycle transition
Authors: Zhang Yunxiao , Xie Sidi , Li Weizhao , Gu Junwei , Zhang Xi‐an , Ni Bowen , Wang Ziyu , Yang Runwei , Song Haimin , Zhong Yaxuan , Huang Peiting , Zhou Jinyao , Cao Yongfu , Guo Jing , Liu Yawei , Qi Songtao , Wang Hai
Published: February 2025

Glioblastoma (GBM) exhibits significant intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), indicating the presence of tumor cells with diverse growth rates. Here, we aimed to identify fast‐growing cells in GBM and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Precisely targeting these cells could offer an improved treatment option. Our results found that targeting ALKBH5 expression impaired GBM proliferation and tumor stemness. Nuclear but not overall expression of ALKBH5 differs between monoclonal cells derived from the same patient with different proliferation rates. Mechanistically, ALKBH5 interacted with TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) in fast‐growing cells. Furthermore, TDP‐43 facilitated the nuclear localization of ALKBH5 and its binding to cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A) pre‐mRNA. The TDP‐43/ALKBH5 complex regulates CDC25A mRNA splicing via N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) demethylation to maintain the expression of its oncogenic isoform (CDC25A‐1), ultimately promoting the G1/S phase transition and growth of GBM cells. TRAD01 selectively targeted the interaction between TDP‐43 and ALKBH5, leading to significant antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo. Our study identified a novel epigenetic mechanism by which TDP‐43/ALKBH5 contributes to GBM growth via m6A modification and alternative splicing. Therefore, targeting the TDP‐43/ALKBH5 axis might be a promising therapeutic strategy for GBM patients.
Magnetic Resonance–Guided Focused Ultrasound Treatment for Essential Tremor: A Single‐Center Experience
Authors: Hvingelby Victor S. , Kjeldsen Pernille , Bergholt Bo , Schechtmann Gaston Andres , Danielsen Erik Hvid , Møller Mette , Johnsen Erik Lisbjerg , Mardosiene Skirmante , Lund Torben Ellegaard , Grauballe Dora , Geneser Michael , Sørensen Tina Vincens , Bak Lisa Østergaard , Andreasen Martin , Andersen Anne Sofie Møller , Andersen Lone , Meier Kaare , Juhl Niels , Tankisi Alp , Jespersen Bo , Eriksen Christian Fenger , Rasmussen Mads , Eriksen Winnie Bechmann , Barrutia Birgitte , Kromann Mette , Baandrup Ida , Bjørn Jette , Stjernholm Rie , Bræmer‐Madsen Charlotte , Jørgensen Signe Mygdal , Sørensen Jens Christian Hedemann , Glud Andreas Nørgaard
Published: February 2025

Background

Essential tremor is the most common hyperkinetic movement disorder. Magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) has emerged as second‐line therapy.

Objective

The aim was to obtain the results of the first 108 patients treated with MRgFUS in Denmark.

Methods

Data were entered in a quality assurance database at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months. Clinician‐ and patient‐rated treatment efficacy was evaluated using the Fahn–Marin–Tolosa (FMT) scale and the Patient Global Impression of Change.

Results

A total of 108 persons have currently been treated. Tremor improved by a total mean 6.39 points (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.01;7.76, P < 0.00001) and 9.63 points (95% CI: 7.60;11.66, P < 0.00001), 10.42 (95% CI: 9.06;11.79, P < 0.00001), and 26.45 (95% CI: 22.46;30.43, P < 0.00001) for FMT parts A, B, and C, respectively, at 3 months. Side effects occurred in 65.7% of patients at 3 months and 33.7% at 12 months.

Conclusion

Our findings are in line with existing evidence. Questions regarding persistence of gait‐ and balance‐related side effects remain.
Should Both Platforms Be Kept Operational After a Merger of Two Social Media Businesses?
Authors: Kanta Mishra Soumya , Sarkar Sumit , Guha Apratim
Published: February 2025

When two social media platform businesses merge, a critical decision for the merged entity is whether to keep both platforms operational. We investigate the role of user‐homing and the platforms' user bases and advertiser bases in the decision. The only source of revenue for the platforms is the fees charged to the advertisers for advertising on the platforms. Different groups of advertisers have different platform preferences. The main results show that when all users single‐home (multihome), the gain from the merger is more from keeping one (both) platform operational. A merger is welfare increasing if the users single‐home.
Functional Reconstruction of a Huge Lateral Thoraco‐Abdominal Defect With Combined Innervated Pedicled Latissimus Dorsi Flap and Vastus Lateralis Free Functional Muscle Transfer: A Case Report
Authors: Brunetti Beniamino , Morelli Coppola Marco , Oliveri Fiorella , Petrucci Valeria , Al‐Hilli Omar , Valeri Sergio , Alloni Rossana , Aprile Irene Giovanna , Tenna Stefania , Persichetti Paolo
Published: February 2025

Full thickness thoraco‐abdominal defects are traditionally challenging to reconstruct, exposing the patient to a significant risk of wound complications and functional impairment. The authors present an extremely challenging and unique case where a huge lateral thoraco‐abdominal defect was reconstructed with a combination of innervated flaps allowing to completely restore contour and function of the operated region. A 77‐year‐old male patient presented with a leiomyosarcoma arising in the right lateral thoraco‐abdominal region. Full‐thickness resection involved the anterior part of the latissimus dorsi (LD) and serratus anterior muscles along with IX to XII ribs, a cuff of diaphragm muscle and the entire lateral abdominal wall, creating a 30 × 25 cm defect with exposure of right lung, liver, and ascending and transverse colon. After the placement of a synthetic mesh, a 28 × 16 cm pedicled innervated LD flap was advanced in V‐Y fashion to cover the thoracic part of the defect. Then the patient was turned supine and a vastus lateralis free functional muscle transfer (FFMT) from the contralateral thigh was used to reconstruct the abdominal part of the defect. The recipient vessels were provided transposing the ipsilateral deep inferior epigastric pedicle according to the extra‐anatomical pedicle rerouting technique. Motor branch for the VL was coapted to a sizeable intercostal nerve. The muscle was covered with split‐thickness skin grafts. Both flaps healed uneventfully, allowing to obtain a complete restoration of form and function with M5 score according to the MRC Scale for muscle strength 8 months after surgery. Functional reconstruction of the lateral abdominal wall with FFMT has never been reported. Our successful case shows the importance of functional reconstruction of lateral thoraco‐abdominal defects to prevent abdominal weakness or herniation, trunk instability, postural deficiencies and core strength loss.
Low‐Cost and Highly‐Transparent Reflectarray Using On‐Glass Metal Line and ITO Grid Ground
Authors: Ren Jian , He Rui , Sun Yu‐Xiang , Wang Jiangang , Wang Yuexiang , Liu Jia , Zhang Hong‐Hao , Yin Yingzeng
Published: February 2025

In this article, a transparent reflectarray (TRA) based on metal line, soda‐lime glass substrate, and grid ground, featuring low cost, high optical transparency (OT), and high efficiency, is investigated. The indium tin oxide (ITO) grid ground deposited on the soda‐lime glass substrate ensures high OT of the antenna while the metal line with a low square resistivity of 0.017 ohm/sq guarantees high efficiency. Two different element topologies are designed to enlarge the phase coverage and decrease the quantization error. The reflectarray element is implemented between 10.7 and 12.7 GHz, with a full phase coverage of 360° and a low reflection loss of 2.3 dB. Furthermore, low‐cost printed‐circuit‐board (PCB) processing techniques and magnetron sputtering deposition technology are used for manufacturing. To confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the design, a 24 × 24‐element pencil‐beam reflectarray is fabricated and measured to verify the performance. The measured OT of the reflectarray is higher than 80% and the aperture efficiency reaches 42.5% at 11.2 GHz. Hence, the proposed TRA should be a potential candidate for window, vehicular, and display‐integrated wireless communications.
Broadband Circularly Polarized Metasurface Antenna Based on Characteristic Mode Analysis
Authors: Xu Juan , Pang Hui , Zhao Jianping , Fang Xiaohui
Published: February 2025

A broadband circularly polarized metasurface antenna is proposed. The initial metasurface structure is first diagonally chamfered and a rectangular slot is etched at the chamfer. The chamfering operation can cause an imbalance in the surface impedance of the hypersurface patch, and this imbalance creates a phase difference between the incident wave and the reflected wave, which is considered to be circularly polarized when the phase difference is close to 90° and the amplitudes of the two are equal. Analyze the metasurface structure after chamfering using the characteristic mode theory (CMT), further optimize it based on the obtained characteristic mode analysis results, and analyze it again using the characteristic mode. Finally, two target modes with a phase difference close to 90° were formed. The two characteristic modes are successfully excited by microstrip slot‐coupled feeding structure to achieve circularly polarized radiation of the antenna. Finally, the antenna is fabricated and measured. Based on the measured results, it can be observed that the antenna has 35.4% −10 dB impedance bandwidth, and 17% 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth, and the antenna simulated and measured results match.
Single‐Layer Dual‐Polarized Millimeter Wave Slot Antenna Using Nested Radiators Under Four Resonance Modes
Authors: Jiawang Li , Xiang Lei , Shi Yitong , Liu Huimin
Published: February 2025

This letter proposes a novel single‐layer dual‐polarized (DP) millimeter wave (mmWave) low‐profile antenna. This antenna is based on a circular substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) resonant cavity. Two different resonant cavities are created by incorporating via fences internally: a conventional circular resonant cavity and a circular ring resonant cavity. The bandwidth is expanded by introducing a central via in the internal resonant cavity, which generates the TM010 and TM110 resonant modes. On the other hand, the external annular resonant cavity introduces the TM410 and TM510 resonant modes by carefully adjusting the size of the radiation slot. The radiation slots within the external annular resonant cavity and the inner circular resonant cavity are positioned orthogonally, enabling dual‐polarized (DP) operation. It is shown that the DP antenna can achieve the measured −10 dB impedance bandwidths (FBW) of 11.82% (26.26–29.56 GHz) and 11.15% (26.09–29.17 GHz) for port 1 and port 2, respectively. The antenna features stable radiation patterns with an average gain of 5.1 dBi and a high isolation exceeding 20 dB within the passband. The antenna exhibits a single‐layer structure, low profile, high‐isolation, and low‐cost advantages, which can be a good candidate for 5G mmWave indoor applications.
Dual‐Band Rectifier Dedicated to 2.45 and 5.8 GHz Bands for Radiofrequency Energy Harvesting
Authors: Assogba Ognadon , Mbodji Abdoul Karim , Farota Abdou Karim , Diallo Abdou Karim , Bréard Arnaud , Duroc Yvan
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the design of a high‐performance rectifier for radiofrequency energy harvesting (RF‐EH) system. The proposed prototype operates in the two frequency bands, 2.45 and 5.8 GHz (part of the radio spectrum reserved internationally for industrial, scientific, and medical [ISM] purposes), which are widely present in the ambient environment, and enables energy to be recovered at low power levels to power loads of widely varying impedances. The designed rectifier is manufactured with dimensions of 0.31 × 0.17, with the wavelength corresponding to the 2.45 GHz frequency. The rectifier is dual‐band with a single series topology and good performance in terms of conversion efficiency at very low power levels (18% at −20 dBm at 2.45 GHz and 14% at −10 dBm at 5.8 GHz). The design methodology is detailed, and experimental results based on the prototype are presented and compared with the literature.
Wideband Tapered Rod MIMO Antenna for W‐Band Applications
Authors: Baranwal Arpit Kumar , Mohan Akhilesh , Pathak Nagendra P.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a wide band tapered rod two‐element MIMO antenna system is designed using a perforated H‐guide section for W‐band applications. The antenna system comprises of a metallic housing and a perforated H‐guide section with tapered input/output dielectric sections. The dielectric section is sandwiched between the two halves of the metallic housing. The designed MIMO antenna is fed by a pair of WR‐10 rectangular waveguides. The perforations in the dielectric section not only provide the mechanical stability to the structure but also facilitate high inter‐port isolation. The MIMO performance of the designed antenna system is calculated with reference to envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), and channel capacity loss (CCL). These parameters are below the satisfactory range of 0.5, 10 dB, and 0.4 bit/s/Hz. High gain (> 12 dBi), high port‐to‐port isolation (> 28 dB), and end‐fire radiation characteristics of the designed antenna system, make it a potential candidate for W‐band communication systems.
Solid‐State NMR‐Assisted Dynamic Characterization of two Isostructural Solvates of 5α‐Bromo‐6β,19‐Epoxy‐Androstan‐3β,17β‐Diol Diacetate
Authors: Vazquez‐Chavez Josué , Navarro‐Huerta Armando , Flores‐Álamo Marcos , Rodríguez‐Molina Braulio , Iglesias‐Arteaga Martín A.
Published: February 2025

The study reports on the rotational dynamics of acetone‐d6 (Form II) and DMSO‐d6 (Form III) within the crystalline structures of two solvates of 5α‐bromo‐6β,19‐epoxy‐androstan‐3β,17β‐diol diacetate (Compound 1) by means of solid‐state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance through the quadrupolar 2H spin‐echo technique. The spectral data allowed the determination of the activation barriers (Ea) for rotation of the solvent molecules, with 6.24 kcal mol−1 for deuterated acetone in the Form II‐d6 and 8.19 kcal mol−1 for the case of deuterated dimethylsulfoxide in Form III‐d6. The use of calculations and the Transition State theory through the linear Eyring equation suggested that although the acetone molecules experience a low activation energy (Ea = 6.24 kcal mol−1), a highly ordered transition state during the molecular motion reduces its rotational rate. Conversely, the DMSO molecules, with a higher activation barrier (Ea = 8.19 kcal mol−1) attributed to a denser packing coefficient, have faster motional rates. Based on complementary X‐ray and NMR spectroscopy techniques, this work provides detailed insights into the mechanistic phenomena involved in the mobility of small molecules inside crystalline arrangements.
Myotonic Dystrophy (DM) Burden of Disease: A Retrospective Study of Healthcare Costs and Utilization by Individuals With DM
Authors: Martinez‐Thompson Jennifer M. , Tobin W. Oliver , Dykhoff Hayley J. , Sangaralingham Lindsey R. , White Molly K. , Selcen Duygu , Borah Bijan J.
Published: February 2025

Introduction/Aims

Healthcare utilization and costs in myotonic dystrophy (DM) are not well understood. This study describes the burden of DM and its associated costs.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study using data from a large U.S. administrative claims database to identify commercially insured individuals with DM and compared healthcare utilization and cost with a matched cohort. Analyses were performed between the cohorts with ≥ 3 years of insured follow‐up.

Results

We identified 1182 DM individuals with coverage at least 3 year prior and 3 years following an index DM diagnosis from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018. Compared to controls, DM individuals were 3.7 times more likely to be hospitalized (p < 0.0001), 2.4 times more likely to visit an emergency department (p < 0.0001), and had twice as many outpatient visits (p < 0.0001) in the first year post‐diagnosis, with similar utilization at 2‐ and 3‐years post‐diagnosis. Annual mean costs were 3.9 times higher for health plan paid costs (p < 0.0001) and 2.6 times higher for patient‐paid costs (p < 0.0001) for DM individuals than controls in the first year post‐diagnosis, with similar costs at 2‐ and 3‐years post‐diagnosis. Factors associated with higher costs included the need for durable medical equipment, including gait aids or respiratory support devices.

Discussion

Individuals with DM experience significantly higher healthcare utilization and associated healthcare costs than controls of similar age, sex, race, and census region. The findings show the high clinical and economic burden of DM, highlighting the importance of improving cost‐effective care delivery in this population.
Mechanical Behaviors of Rigid Pile Composite Foundation in Yellow River Alluvial Plain Subjected to Soil Water Content Variations
Authors: Liu Yunlong , Xia Yanyan , Zhang Jingwei , Uge Bantayehu Uba
Published: February 2025

Rigid pile composite foundation (RPCF) has been widely used in Yellow River Alluvial Plain (YRAP) due to remarkable reinforcement and economical effects. However, current design of RPCF in this area are typically based on saturated soil mechanic principles assuming drained condition, despite the fact that the soil is typically in unsaturated condition. Due to long time water scouring, the silt in YRAP generally exhibits high particle sphericity and poor particle gradation. Even after standard compaction, it is still in a relatively loose state with developed capillary pores. Water content increment induced by infiltration can lead to considerable soil mechanical properties degradations due to matric suction reduction associated with soil micro‐structure rearrangement. Consequently, the RPCF will suffer serious bearing characteristic deteriorations, exhibiting additional settlement. In this study, extending unsaturated soil mechanics, initially the influences of matric suction on mechanical properties of YRAP silt were demonstrated. Then total RPCF settlement was calculated as the sum of the compression deformation of the soil between piles in the reinforcement zone and the underlying soil stratum. The former one was estimated through the modified load transfer curve method considering the pile‐soil interface behaviors deteriorations with matric suction reduction, while the later one was estimated through the traditional stress diffusion method. The feasibility of the proposed method was validated through a model RPCF test subjected to ground water level fluctuations. Good comparisons on RPCF mechanical behaviors indicate the proposed method can be a valuable tool in the design of RPCF in YRAP under extreme weather conditions.
Distinct spatial N‐glycan profiles reveal glioblastoma‐specific signatures
Authors: Angerstein Aaron O. , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Thanasupawat Thatchawan , Vriend Jerry , Grimsley Grace , Lun Xueqing , Senger Donna L. , Sinha Namita , Beiko Jason , Pitz Marshall , Hombach‐Klonisch Sabine , Drake Richard R. , Klonisch Thomas
Published: February 2025

This study explored the complex interactions between glycosylation patterns, tumour biology, and therapeutic responses to temozolomide (TMZ) in human malignant glioma, specifically CNS WHO grade 3 oligodendroglioma (ODG) and glioblastoma (GB). Using spatial imaging of N‐glycans in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue sections via MALDI‐MSI, we analysed the N‐glycome in primary and recurrent GB tissues and orthotopic xenografts of patient‐derived brain tumour‐initiating cells (BTIC) sensitive or resistant to TMZ. We identified unique N‐glycosylation profiles, with nontumor brain (NTB) and ODG showing higher levels of bisecting and tri‐antennary structures, while GB exhibited more tetra‐antennary and sialylated N‐glycans. Distinctive sialylation patterns were observed, with specific α2,6 and α2,3 isomeric linkages significantly altered in GB. Moreover, comparative analysis of primary and recurrent GB tissues revealed elevated high mannose N‐glycans in primary GB and fucosylated bi‐ and tri‐antennary N‐glycans in recurrent GB tissues. Next, in the orthotopic xenografts of TMZ‐sensitive and TMZ‐resistant patient brain tumour initiating cells (BTIC), we identified potential N‐glycan markers for TMZ treatment response and resistance. Finally, we found significantly altered expression of genes involved in N‐glycan biosynthesis in malignant glioma, highlighting the crucial role of N‐glycans in glioma and therapy resistance. This study lays the foundation for developing glycosylation‐based diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapies, potentially improving clinical outcomes for GB patients. © 2025 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Mechanical properties of novel uniform/gradient auxetic structures made of CFRP composites
Authors: Li Zhen‐Yu , Wang Wei‐Jing , Li Hong‐Ze , Yang Jin‐Shui , Zhang Wei‐Ming , Wang Xin‐Tao , Xiong Jian , Hu Hong
Published: February 2025

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) auxetic composite structures have attracted an increasing attention in recent years due to their lightweight and superior mechanical properties compared with traditional auxetic structures. However, most of the reported all‐CFRP auxetic structures are often accompanied with cliff‐like stress drops during the failure process, resulting in lower energy absorption. This paper reports the design, fabrication and characterization of a novel type of all‐CFRP petal‐like auxetic structures with lightweight, high‐strength, and good energy absorptive properties. Four uniform/gradient petal‐like structures were first made with different angle values and continuous CFRP composites. Then, their mechanical properties, Poisson's ratio and failure mechanism under quasi‐static compression loading were analyzed. Based on the quasi‐static experimental results, the gradient structure constructed with different cells of varying angles was further selected to study its dynamic response under different initial impact energies and impact positions. The results show that the novel petal‐like structures made of continuous CFRP composites can maintain good auxetic properties even under large deformation. Impressively, these structures exhibit a stress plateau phase during compression, indicative of exceptional energy absorption capabilities. The results of low velocity point impact tests also show that the displacement of the initial peak and the number of peaks in the load–displacement curves are significantly influenced by changes in impact position and energy. This research offers a valuable insight into developing and fabricating all‐CFRP auxetic structures with superior energy absorption characteristics.

Highlights

Auxetic structures with high EA capacity are designed and fabricated.

Their mechanical properties under static and dynamic loads are studied.

The position and energy of impact have a significant impact on performance.

The all‐CFRP auxetic structure exhibits abundant failure forms.
PVDF‐based energetic films with high output performance: Synergistic effect based on Al/Ti
Authors: Chen Lejian , Xiao Xianghong , Yuan Haofang , Chen Hongyu , Zhou Yuxuan , Ye Yinghua , Shen RuiQi , Wu Lizhi
Published: February 2025

With the ongoing advancement of miniaturization and microfabrication, Micro‐Electro‐Mechanical Systems (MEMS) energetic devices are increasingly demanding higher output capabilities from energetic materials. This study investigates the incorporation of Titanium (Ti) into PVDF‐based energetic films to improve their performance. We fabricated five Al/Ti/CuO/PVDF energetic composite films with varying Ti contents by direct ink writing (DIW). The results indicate that the Al/Ti/CuO/PVDF films demonstrate superior performance compared to Al/CuO/PVDF(AT‐0). Notably, the 50 wt% Al/50 wt% Ti/CuO/PVDF (AT‐50) film achieved optimal performance, exhibiting a 68% increase in combustion rate compared to the AT‐0 film. Additionally, it showed a reduction in ignition delay time by 6 ms, an increase in flame temperature of 160.9 K, a 24% rise in maximum pressure, a pressurization rate enhancement of 117%, and an overall increase in heat release of 26.8%. This is attributed to the synergistic effect of the Al/Ti bimetallic fuels, where their close contact creates an alloying reaction that releases a large amount of heat and avoids the detrimental effects of Al sintering. This Al/Ti/CuO/PVDF energetic composite film, characterized by its exceptional synergistic mechanism and high energy output, holds significant promise for integration with MEMS devices, paving the way for innovative applications in micro‐ignition, micro‐propulsion, and micro‐startup technologies.

Highlights

Ti was added to the PVDF‐based energetic films to form the dual‐fuel system.

The Al/Ti dual‐fuel has a synergistic effect to improve output performance.

The 50wt%Al/50wt%Ti/CuO/PVDF film can achieve optimal output performance.
The Effect of 3000 K LED Lamps on the Photosynthesis and Morphology of Deciduous Tree Species
Authors: Kolman Flóra , Kolláth Zoltán , Molnár Péter , Skribanek Anna
Published: February 2025

The effect of artificial light at night (ALAN) on plants is a less explored area within light pollution research. This is especially true for the physiological parameters of photosynthesis of woody plants. The physiological and morphological values of nineteen deciduous urban tree species illuminated by street lamps with a color temperature of 3000 K were examined for light‐polluted and non‐light‐polluted leaves. The morphological studies covered leaf macromorphology (leaf length, leaf width, and biomass production) and histological development (height of the dorsal epidermis and palisade parenchyma, width of photosynthesizing ground tissue and the leaf). The fluorescence yield of the photochemical system II and the net photosynthesis and transpiration of the leaves exposed to different light conditions were determined in the photosynthetic physiology studies. The species included in the research react differently to artificial light, some are able to utilize the extra lighting at night, while others are negatively affected. In this way, the species can be grouped according to their sensitivity to light pollution. The impact of street lights on vegetation can be easily detected by the combined treatment of micromorphological and photosynthetic physiology tests, macromorphological values are not suitable parameters.
Characteristics, proficiency profile, and specialty perceptions of Peruvian physiatrists: A survey study
Authors: De la Cerna‐Luna Roger , Fernandez‐Guzman Daniel , Santayana‐Calisaya Nives , Velez de Villa‐Velarde Analia , Ylaquita‐Chicata Fernando , Casas‐Flores Nataly , Valladolid‐Evaristo Carol
Published: February 2025

Background

Despite the growth of physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) in recent years, the same cannot be said for its workforce conditions. Although various issues regarding the reality of the physiatry workforce have been reported, no studies were found that have evaluated it in Peru.

Objective

To assess characteristics, proficiency profile, and specialty perceptions of Peruvian physiatrists.

Design

Cross‐sectional survey, designed and validated by the Peruvian Society of PM&R.

Setting

Online anonymous and voluntary questionnaire.

Participants

One hundred five Peruvian physiatrists.

Interventions

During August 2023, after approval from the ethics committee, a Google Forms questionnaire was shared with the participants via WhatsApp, providing information about study details. Responses were monitored through direct communication with each participant.

Main Outcome Measures

Twenty‐four questions covering sociodemographic data, training‐related characteristics, work‐related characteristics, proficiency perceptions, and specialty perceptions.

Results

Most surveyed physiatrists were females (80%) and completed residency between 2017 and 2022 (46.7%). Only 2.8% had pursued a subspecialty fellowship; 41.9% were involved in teaching and easily found employment after residency. Most worked in the public sector (82.9%) and had a permanent employment status under the 728 regime (33.3%). Most reported having much proficiency (Level 3) in all competency domains. Mastery in ultrasound (US) (10.2%) and electrodiagnostic medicine (EDX) (4.1%) was reported mainly by those completing residency between 2017 and 2022. Only 2.9% reported ability to conduct scientific research. Overall satisfaction with the specialty was high (75.2%).

Conclusions

The survey found that most of surveyed Peruvian physiatrists worked in the public sector, had permanent employment status, considered themselves highly proficient in all evaluated domains, reported low mastery in US and EDX, and were very satisfied with the specialty. Given the lack of literature, these findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and educators, highlighting key areas for improving conditions for the physiatry workforce.
PEG–mCherry interactions beyond classical macromolecular crowding
Authors: Haas‐Neill Liam , Joron Khalil , Lerner Eitan , Rauscher Sarah
Published: February 2025

The dense cellular environment influences bio‐macromolecular structure, dynamics, interactions, and function. Despite advancements in understanding protein–crowder interactions, predicting their precise effects on protein structure and function remains challenging. Here, we elucidate the effects of PEG‐induced crowding on the fluorescent protein mCherry using molecular dynamics simulations and fluorescence‐based experiments. We identify and characterize specific PEG‐induced structural and dynamical changes in mCherry. Importantly, we find interactions in which PEG molecules wrap around specific surface‐exposed residues in a binding mode previously observed in protein crystal structures. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy experiments capture PEG‐induced changes, including aggregation, suggesting a potential role for the specific PEG–mCherry interactions identified in simulations. Additionally, mCherry fluorescence lifetimes are influenced by PEG and not by the bulkier crowder dextran or by another linear polymer, polyvinyl alcohol, highlighting the importance of crowder–protein soft interactions. This work augments our understanding of macromolecular crowding effects on protein structure and dynamics.
Engineering IGF2 for Lysosome‐targeting chimeras development to target drug‐resistant membrane proteins in tumor therapy
Authors: Pan Yanchao , Xiang Qing , Deng Kai , Anwar Muhammad I. , Wang Leiming , Wang Yuan , Liang Qiulian , Shen Lirou , Yang Jing , Hou Zhongyu , Shen Weijun
Published: February 2025

Lysosome‐targeting chimeras (LYTACs) represent a promising approach for the targeted degradation of membrane proteins. Currently, two primary methods for LYTAC development involve chemically modified antibodies and wild‐type insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF2) fusion proteins (iLYTACs). However, LYTACs necessitate intricate chemical modification processes, while wild‐type IGF2 in iLYTAC technology binds to IGF1R, potentially triggering carcinogenesis. To tackle this challenge, we introduce specific IGF2R‐binding lysosomal targeting chimeras (sLYTACs), a novel technology utilizing engineered IGF2 mutant fusion antibodies for the degradation of endogenous membrane proteins. Diverging from iLYTACs, sLYTACs exhibit selective binding to IGF2R with increased affinity, significantly bolstering the anti‐proliferative impact on drug‐resistant tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. By effectively degrading third‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor‐resistant EGFR mutants, masking binding epitope HER2, and concurrently targeting compensatory receptors interacting with these proteins, sLYTACs show great promise in drug development to overcome bypass signaling and combat drug resistance in tumors.
Functional characterization of two AA10 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases from Cellulomonas gelida
Authors: Turunen Rosaliina , Tuveng Tina R. , Forsberg Zarah , Schiml Valerie C. , Eijsink Vincent G. H. , Arntzen Magnus Ø.
Published: February 2025

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are redox enzymes targeting the crystalline region of recalcitrant polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin. Functional characterization of two LPMOs from the cellulose‐degrading soil bacterium Cellulomonas gelida, CgLPMO10A and CgLPMO10B, showed expected activities on cellulose but also revealed novel features of AA10 LPMOs. While clustering together with strictly C1‐oxidizing and strictly cellulose‐active AA10 LPMOs, CgLPMO10A exhibits activity on both cellulose and chitin, oxidizing the C1 carbon of both substrates. This combination of substrate and oxidative specificity has not been previously observed for family 10 LPMOs and may be due to a conspicuous divergence in two hydrophobic residues on the substrate‐binding surface. CgLPMO10B oxidizes cellulose at both the C1 and C4 positions and is also active on chitin, in line with predictions based on phylogeny. Interestingly, while coming from the same organism and both acting on cellulose, the two enzymes have markedly different redox properties with CgLPMO10B displaying the lowest redox potential and the highest oxidase activity observed for an AA10 LPMO so far. These results provide insight into the LPMO machinery of C. gelida and expand the known catalytic repertoire of bacterial LPMOs.
Stabilization of a protein by a single halogen‐based aromatic amplifier
Authors: El Hage Krystel , Dhayalan Balamurugan , Chen Yen‐Shan , Phillips Nelson B. , Whittaker Jonathan , Carr Kelley , Whittaker Linda , Phillips Manijeh H. , Ismail‐Beigi Faramarz , Meuwly Markus , Weiss Michael A.
Published: February 2025

The utility of halogenation in protein design is investigated by a combination of quantitative atomistic simulations and experiment. Application to insulin is of complementary basic and translational interest. In a singly halogenated aromatic ring, regiospecific inductive effects were predicted to modulate multiple surrounding electrostatic (weakly polar) interactions, thereby amplifying changes in thermodynamic stability. In accordance with the simulations, we demonstrated stabilization of insulin by single halogen atoms at the ortho position of an invariant phenylalanine (2‐F‐PheB24, 2‐Cl‐PheB24, and 2‐Br‐PheB24; ΔΔGu = −0.5 to −1.0 kcal/mol) located at the edge of a protein crevice; corresponding meta and para substitutions had negligible effects. Although receptor‐binding affinities were generally decreased (in accordance with packing of the native Phe at the hormone‐receptor interface), the ortho‐analogs retained biological activity in mammalian cells and in a rat model of diabetes mellitus. Further, the ortho‐modified analogs exhibited enhanced resistance to fibrillation above room temperature in two distinct assays of physical stability. Regiospecific halo‐aromatic stabilization may thus augment the shelf life of pharmaceutical insulin formulations under real‐world conditions. This approach, extending principles of medicinal chemistry, promises to apply to a broad range of therapeutic proteins and vaccines whose biophysical stabilization would enhance accessibility in the developing world.
Controlled by disorder: Phosphorylation modulates SRSF1 domain availability for spliceosome assembly
Authors: Fargason Talia , Powell Erin , De Silva Naiduwadura Ivon Upekala , Paul Trenton , Zhang Zihan , Prevelige Peter , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2025

Serine/arginine‐rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) is key in the mRNA lifecycle including transcription, splicing, nonsense‐mediated decay, and nuclear export. Consequently, its dysfunction is linked to cancers, viral evasion, and developmental disorders. The functionality of SRSF1 relies on its interactions with other proteins and RNA molecules. These processes are regulated by phosphorylation of its unstructured arginine/serine‐rich tail (RS). Here, we characterize how phosphorylation affects SRSF1's protein and RNA interaction and phase separation. Using NMR paramagnetic relaxation enhancement and chemical shift perturbation, we find that when unphosphorylated, SRSF1's RS interacts with its first RNA‐recognition motif (RRM1). Phosphorylation of RS decreases its interactions with the protein‐binding site of RRM1 and increases its interactions with the RNA‐binding site of RRM1. This change in SRSF1's intramolecular interactions increases the availability of protein‐interacting sites on RRM1 and weakens RNA binding of SRSF1. Phosphorylation alters the phase separation of SRSF1 by diminishing the role of arginine in intermolecular interactions. These findings provide an unprecedented view of how SRSF1 influences the early‐stage spliceosome assembly.
Gate Layout and Process Reliability Co‐Optimization in High‐Speed Vertical III–V Nanowire Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor Field‐Effect Transistor Technology
Authors: Sandberg Marcus E. , Löfstrand Anette , Svensson Johannes , Fhager Lars
Published: February 2025

High‐speed vertical III–V nanowire transistors utilize their channel material for high frequency and low noise performance. A device layout revision to optimize gate resistance, in a trade‐off to gate‐source capacitance, is presented. A two‐step redesign of the established device layout is proposed. First step is demonstrated with fabricated structures. The second step predicts the design transition from double row gate fingers to wider array structures, motivated by numerical simulations. Distributed radio frequency modeling is used to assess the resulting input parasitic elements of the transistor. These design alterations also yield a potential for improved device process reliability. In parallel, this study analyzes sputtered tungsten used as the gate metal, focusing on measurements of its resistivity and variations in stress properties from different deposition conditions, thereby allowing further improved process reliability. It is found that 60 nanometer tungsten gate on a gate stack capped by a thin titanium nitride shows shifted stress properties compared to the same film deposited directly on the gate oxide. This work promises improved high‐speed process reliability as well as reduction of external gate parasitic elements by more than a factor of 2, what leads to increased gain and reduced noise figure at a given operating frequency.
Quantum Neural Network Boosting Identifying Orbital Angular Momentum Modes
Authors: Merabet Badreddine , Li Liulin , Shah Syed Afaq Ali , Guo Zhongyi
Published: February 2025

Quantum machine learning (QML) offers a breakthrough by producing atypical patterns that classical systems cannot efficiently produce. This study explores quantum neural networks (QNN) for classifying orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. A fully quantum model achieving 99.8% accuracy across 10 OAM classes and a hybrid ConvQuantum model reaching accuracy levels of 99.8% under atmospheric turbulence strength (AT) of is developed. The ConvQuantum model significantly reduces prediction time, averaging 0.00025 s per sample, which is essential for real‐time free space optical (FSO) communication. To demonstrate quantum technology's potential in OAM‐FSO communication, a 100 × 100 grayscale image is successfully transmitted, and compared the results with several known models in the field, including feedforward neural networks (FNN), convolutional neural network (CNN), and a vision transformer (ViT) model. The findings indicate that the QNN models outperform classical approaches in calculation time, showcasing the efficiency and enhanced processing power of quantum computing in OAM‐FSO communication.
Endobronchial Aspergilloma
Authors: Shimamura So , Takahashi Nozomu , Homma Kenta , Satoh Tsukasa , Furuya Satoshi , Ohkoshi Hiroki , Hoshino Yuki , Uchida Yoshinori , Saiki Masafumi , Ikemura Shinnosuke , Soejima Kenzo
Published: February 2025

Bronchial aspergilloma, an uncommon subtype of pulmonary aspergilloma, likely developed in the main bronchus due to airflow stagnation and dryness following lobectomy. Detailed imaging and bronchoscopy provided valuable diagnostic insights, underscoring the importance of considering fungal infections in surgically altered airways.
Capricious Radiographic Presentations of Pulmonary Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma Raise Diagnostic Challenges
Authors: Huang Chao‐Hsin , Kao Chieh‐Ni , Tsai Kun‐Bow , Chou Ping‐Ruey , Chou Shah‐Hwa , Liu Yu‐Wei
Published: February 2025

Pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma (PBML) cases are often asymptomatic and exhibit various imaging patterns, posing diagnostic challenges and frequently mimicking malignancies or other atypical histologies. Herein, we present three cases of PBML in women, each with distinct radiographic features, all managed through surgical interventions. These cases underscore the importance of early detection for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, they highlight the need to consider PBML as a differential diagnosis in women with a history of uterine leiomyoma presenting with indeterminate lung masses and diverse radiographic findings.
Lifesaving Sign in Non‐Contrast CT Scan in the Case of Pulmonary Thromboembolism
Authors: Hajinoormohammadi Elaheh , Amini Hesam , Malekshahian Sara , Soltanmohammadi Sara
Published: February 2025

The two most important signs of pulmonary embolism (PE) in a non‐contrast CT scan include wedge‐shaped sub‐pleural opacity surrounded by an air‐space consolidation, along with a ground‐glass opacity in the center consistent with pulmonary infarction, also known as the reverse halo sign and the hyperdense lumen sign.
Conversation, reflection boost impact of on‐campus student employment
Authors: Puffett Amanda , Ansong Katie M. , Pistilli Matthew D.
Published: February 2025

National research demonstrates that students working on campus remain enrolled at rates higher than their peers who do not work or work off‐campus. Considered by many to be a high‐impact practice (McClellan, Creager, and Savoca 2018), the student employment experience is an integral part of students’ education, growth, and development.
Women leaders can break barriers in student affairs
Authors: Siagian Rosbrook Esther Y.
Published: February 2025

Women are redefining leadership, particularly in transformational roles that prioritize empathy, collaboration, and purpose‐driven change. They excel in leadership paradigms that value emotional intelligence and adaptability, often leveraging these strengths to inspire their teams and navigate challenges with resilience. Despite systemic hurdles, women's ability to lead with vision and compassion places them at the forefront of evolving leadership practices. According to my research, many report high job satisfaction, fueled by a deep alignment with their roles and a commitment to creating meaningful impact in their organizations and communities.
Did court dismiss student's deliberate indifference claim against university?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: February 2025

Jane Doe, a former University of Virginia student, accused Professor John Roe of sexually assaulting her during a year‐long period. Doe participated in a university trip to Europe, led by Professor Roe and another faculty member. During the trip, Doe alleged Roe assaulted her after a dinner in Vienna, Austria. Roe allegedly assaulted Doe on two additional occasions during the trip. Doe told the second faculty member that she was in a consensual relationship with Roe, which started during the trip. However, Roe ended contact about a year after the trip.
Comparative Elemental Analysis of Commercial Functionalized Graphene Nanoplatelets Along the Production Chain With X‐Ray Photoelectron and Energy‐Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy
Authors: Madbouly Loay Akmal , Mrkwitschka Paul , Stockmann Jörg Manfred , Jones Elliot , Radnik Jörg , Hodoroaba Vasile‐Dan
Published: February 2025

Graphene has been commercialized for over a decade, primarily in the form of suspensions and inks. In this study, we investigate the properties of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and their functionalized derivatives, incorporating fluorine or nitrogen as functional groups (FG). The analysis was conducted on three forms, that is, powders, suspensions, and inks, using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). The objective of this work is to establish a rapid and comprehensive systematic approach for elemental analysis of commercial functionalized graphene, which can be used for quality control. Functionalization is employed to tailor the material's physical and chemical properties. In our study, graphene samples, functionalized with fluorine or ammonia in a plasma reactor, were investigated. Both XPS and EDX were applicable for all three forms and showed, in general, similar trends between the three forms, so that both XPS and EDX can be used for quality control of GNPs along the production chain.
Towards a New Reference Material—Analytical Challenges in Examining High‐Entropy Alloy Thin Films
Authors: John Elisabeth , Weise Matthias , Radnik Jörg , Stockmann Jörg M. , Lange Thorid , Sahre Mario , Hodoroaba Vasile‐Dan
Published: February 2025

A new high‐entropy alloy (HEA) consisting of titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, and nickel was deposited as a thin‐film on silicon substrates using magnetron sputtering from a novel segmented target composed of metal stripes. This material was explored with the goal to create a new reference material for surface analysis and evaluation of complex composite materials. The film's morphology was initially characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), followed by crystallographic analysis using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The two‐dimensional compositional homogeneity was assessed using a combination of scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The in‐depth chemical composition was further analysed using ToF‐SIMS and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Our findings demonstrate that it is possible to produce thin HEA films with a homogeneous in‐depth composition from a segmented target. Notably, despite the fixed composition of the target, we were able to vary the HEA's composition by exploiting inhomogeneities within the magnetrons sputter plasma. Additionally, we successfully created HEA films with significant compositional gradients.
Binding Mechanism Between Iron‐Related Proteins (Catalase and Transferrin) and Favipiravir
Authors: Shahraki Somaye , Shiri Fereshteh , Nejat Razieh , Heidari Ameneh , Razmara Zohreh , Shahraki Kobra
Published: February 2025

The study of protein‐drug interactions has become important in describing drug properties. Favipiravir (Fav) is an RNA polymerase inhibitor used to treat a wide range of influenza viruses. This drug, which is taken orally, can be quickly and widely absorbed in the body. Here, the interaction of Fav with two Fe‐related proteins, Catalase (CAT) and Transferrin (TF), was investigated by spectroscopic and molecular docking methods. The results showed that Fav can strongly interact with two Fe‐proteins and quench their intrinsic fluorescence through a static mechanism. The affinity of Fav to CAT and TF was almost close to each other and with the order of 106 M−1 (Kb = 9.54 × 106 M−1 for Fav‐TF and 10.71 × 106 M−1 for Fav‐CAT at 310 K). The binding of the Fav to the proteins changed their conformation to some extent and the stability of the proteins decreased. Molecular docking results showed the best binding site of Fav on both TF and CAT along with the types of interactions involved. Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions were the predominant forces observed between Fav and the two proteins. Accessible surface area strongly supports the successful binding of Fav to both TF and CAT.