bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstitution of β-adrenergic regulation of Ca
V
1.2: Rad-dependent and Rad-independent protein kinase A mechanisms
Authors: Katz Moshe , Subramaniam Suraj , Chomsky-Hecht Orna , Tsemakhovich Vladimir , Flockerzi Veit , Klussmann Enno , Hirsch Joel A. , Weiss Sharon , Dascal Nathan
Published: May 2021

Significance

The strengthening of heart contraction by epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine starts with the activation of β-adrenergic receptors and culminates in a protein kinase A–mediated increase in Ca
2+
influx through the voltage-gated Ca
2+
channel, Ca
V
1.2, into cardiomyocytes. Many crucial molecular details of this vital physiological regulation remained enigmatic for decades, not the least owing to the difficulty of reconstituting the regulation in model cells. Capitalizing on the recent discovery of the central role of the Ca
V
1.2-associated protein, Rad, we present a report of full reconstitution of the β-AR–Ca
V
1.2 cascade in a model system, the
Xenopus
oocyte, and investigate crucial aspects of regulation such as the roles of auxiliary subunits and diverse forms of the channel protein.
Detection of differentially abundant cell subpopulations in scRNA-seq data
Authors: Zhao Jun , Jaffe Ariel , Li Henry , Lindenbaum Ofir , Sefik Esen , Jackson Ruaidhrí , Cheng Xiuyuan , Flavell Richard A. , Kluger Yuval
Published: May 2021

Significance

Comparative analysis of samples from two biological states, such as two stages of embryonic development, is a pressing problem in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). A key challenge is to detect cell subpopulations whose abundance differs between the two states. To that end, we develop DA-seq, a multiscale strategy to compare two cellular distributions. In contrast to existing unsupervised clustering-based analysis, DA-seq can delineate cell subpopulations with the most significant discrepancy between two states and potentially reveal important changes in cellular processes that are undetectable using conventional methods.
Terahertz detection based on nonlinear Hall effect without magnetic field
Authors: Zhang Yang , Fu Liang
Published: May 2021

Significance

Despite the enormous potential of terahertz technology, fast, sensitive, and broadband terahertz detection at room temperature has been a challenge. We propose a method for long-wavelength photodetection using topological quantum materials without invoking any diode or junction region. The inherently quadratic relation between transverse current and input voltage at zero magnetic field is used to rectify the incident terahertz or infrared electric field into a direct current. We identify the Weyl semimetal NbP and ferroelectric semiconductor GeTe for terahertz/infrared photodetection with large current responsivity without external bias.
Trapping a cross-linked lysine–tryptophan radical in the catalytic cycle of the radical SAM enzyme SuiB
Authors: Balo Aidin R. , Caruso Alessio , Tao Lizhi , Tantillo Dean J. , Seyedsayamdost Mohammad R. , Britt R. David
Published: May 2021

Significance

The catalytic cycles of metalloenzymes comprise fleeting intermediates, which are challenging to trap and characterize. Their detection, however, can provide invaluable insights into reaction mechanisms. Herein, we focus on SuiB, a radical
S
-adenosylmethionine (rSAM) enzyme that introduces a carbon–carbon bond at unactivated positions onto its peptide substrate. We present evidence for an unprecedented intermediate, a transient lysine-cross-linked tryptophan radical and its oxidation by a SuiB-bound Fe-S cluster. Our studies provide evidence for a radical electrophilic aromatic substitution pathway, a mechanistic paradigm that is likely common in metalloenzyme-catalyzed carbon–carbon bond formations. They also carry broad implications for the 165,000 rSAM enzymes that contain auxiliary Fe-S clusters.
Circulating immunity protects the female reproductive tract from
Chlamydia
infection
Authors: Labuda Jasmine C. , Pham Oanh H. , Depew Claire E. , Fong Kevin D. , Lee Bokyung , Rixon Jordan A. , McSorley Stephen J.
Published: May 2021

Significance

Sexually transmitted infections are widespread and cause irreparable harm to young women. After infection of the female reproductive tract, lymphoid clusters are generated with fully resident lymphocytes that do not recirculate via blood or lymphatic vessels. However, the protective value of tissue-resident lymphocytes or cluster formation has not been determined for important reproductive pathogens. Our study demonstrates that these local immune structures are unnecessary for robust protective immunity to
Chlamydia
. Instead, efficient tissue surveillance is provided by circulating memory lymphocytes generated outside reproductive tissues. These findings reinforce the value of assessing circulating, rather than local, immune parameters of
Chlamydia
immunity and suggest that future vaccine efforts should focus on the elicitation of robust systemic immunity to provide local mucosal protection.
Gerwasia variabilis.
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: May 2021

There is little published information on this plant pathogenic fungus, which has limited geographic distribution. As hosts exist in other regions of the world with similar environmental conditions, this species may pose a threat to native or agricultural plants if introduced.
KIF13A drives AMPA receptor synaptic delivery for long-term potentiation via endosomal remodeling
Authors: Gutiérrez Yolanda , López-García Sergio , Lario Argentina , Gutiérrez-Eisman Silvia , Delevoye Cédric , Esteban José A.
Published: May 2021

The regulated trafficking of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) from dendritic compartments to the synaptic membrane in response to neuronal activity is a core mechanism for long-term potentiation (LTP). However, the contribution of the microtubule cytoskeleton to this synaptic transport is still unknown. In this work, using electrophysiological, biochemical, and imaging techniques, we have found that one member of the kinesin-3 family of motor proteins, KIF13A, is specifically required for the delivery of AMPARs to the spine surface during LTP induction. Accordingly, KIF13A depletion from hippocampal slices abolishes LTP expression. We also identify the vesicular protein centaurin-α1 as part of a motor transport machinery that is engaged with KIF13A and AMPARs upon LTP induction. Finally, we determine that KIF13A is responsible for the remodeling of Rab11-FIP2 endosomal structures in the dendritic shaft during LTP. Overall, these results identify specific kinesin molecular motors and endosomal transport machinery that catalyzes the dendrite-to-synapse translocation of AMPA receptors during synaptic plasticity.
EPHecting cell contact by increasing cortical tension
Authors: McClatchey Andrea I.
Published: May 2021

EPH/EPHRIN signaling is crucial to the segregation of cell populations during the morphogenesis of many tissues. In this issue, Kindberg et al. (2021. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202005216) show that EPH activation can drive both heterotypic cell repulsion and homotypic aggregation by triggering increased cortical tension.
Light extraction efficiency and internal quantum efficiency of fully UVC-transparent AlGaN based LEDs
Authors: Guttmann Martin , Susilo Anna , Sulmoni Luca , Susilo Norman , Ziffer Eviathar , Wernicke Tim , Kneissl Michael
Published: May 2021

The light extraction efficiency (LEE), external quantum efficiency (EQE), and current–voltage characteristics of deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) with different aluminum mole fractions in the p-AlGaN layers have been investigated. Optimizing the p-AlGaN layer composition requires a tradeoff between reducing the absorption losses and limiting the increases in the p-contact resistance and operation voltage. AlGaN multiple quantum well LEDs emitting around 263 nm with different AlGaN:Mg short period super lattices (p-SPSL) ranging from x = 33% (UV-absorbing) to x = 68% (UV-transparent) average aluminum mole fraction have been explored. DUV-LEDs with different p-contact metals and UV-reflectivities have been characterized by electroluminescence measurements and analyzed by ray-tracing simulations. The comparison shows an increased operating voltage and a five-fold increase of the on-wafer EQE with a maximum value of 3.0% for DUV-LEDs with UV-transparent p-SPSL (x = 68%) and UV-reflective indium contacts in comparison to LEDs with a UV-absorbing p-SPSL (x = 33%). Ray-tracing simulations show that the increase in EQE can be partially ascribed to a 2.5-fold improved LEE in combination with a two-fold increase in internal quantum efficiency.
Microscopic deformation mechanism and main influencing factors of carbon nanotube coated graphene foams under uniaxial compression
Authors: Wang Shuai , Wang Chao , Khan Muhammad Bilal , Chen Shaohua
Published: May 2021

Many experiments have shown that carbon nanotube-coated (CNT-coated) graphene foam (CCGF) has specific mechanical properties, which further expand the application of graphene foam materials in many advanced fields. To reveal the microscopic deformation mechanism of CCGF under uniaxial compression and the main factors affecting their mechanical properties, numerical experiments based on the coarse-grained molecular dynamics method are systematically carried out in this paper. It is found that the relative stiffness of CNTs and graphene flakes seriously affects the microscopic deformation mechanism and strain distribution in CCGFs. The bar reinforcing mechanism will dominate the microstructural deformation in CCGFs composed of relatively soft graphene flakes, while the microstructural deformation in those composed of stiff graphene flakes will be dominated by the mechanical locking mechanism. The effects of CNT fraction, distribution of CNTs on graphene flakes, the thickness of graphene flakes, and the adhesion strength between CNTs and graphene flakes on the initial and intermediate moduli of foam materials are further studied in detail. The results of this paper should be helpful for a deep understanding of the mechanical properties of CCGF materials and the optimization design of microstructures in advanced graphene-based composites.
RC time constant measurement using an INA219 sensor: creating an alternative, flexible, low-cost configuration that provides benefits for students and schools
Authors: El Hadi M , Ouariach A , Essaadaoui R , El Moussaouy A , Mommadi O
Published: May 2021

In this work, we have developed an alternative device composed by an Arduino board and an INA219 sensor to experimentally obtain the mathematical formulas describing the charge and discharge of the capacitor for educational proposes. We have obtained excellent agreement between theoretical prediction and experimental measurements. The INA219 DC sensor can measure direct current up to 26 V/3.2 A with a maximum error accuracy of 1%. The device makes it possible to follow the temporal evolution of the voltage and the current at a capacitor’s terminals. This platform can provide an alternative way for educational use compared to the expensive laboratory equipment (oscilloscope, voltmeter, generator). Indeed, we think that the presented device can play a dominant role in teaching and learning electricity courses in secondary schools due to its low cost, small size, reliability in measurements and good level of accuracy.
Optical scatter imaging of resected breast tumor structures matches the patterns of micro-computed tomography
Authors: Streeter Samuel S , Maloney Benjamin W , Zuurbier Rebecca A , Wells Wendy A , Barth Richard J , Paulsen Keith D , Pogue Brian W
Published: May 2021

In patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery (BCS), the rate of re-excision procedures to remove residual tumor left behind after initial resection can be high. Projection radiography, and recently, volumetric x-ray imaging are used to assess margin adequacy, but x-ray imaging lacks contrast between healthy, abnormal benign, and malignant fibrous tissues important for surgical decision making. The purpose of this study was to compare micro-CT and optical scatter imagery of surgical breast specimens and to demonstrate enhanced contrast-to intra-tumoral morphologies and tumor boundary features revealed by optical scatter imaging. A total of 57 breast tumor slices from 57 patients were imaged ex vivo by spatially co-registered micro-CT and optical scatter scanning. Optical scatter exhibited greater similarity with micro-CT in 89% (51/57) of specimens versus diffuse white light (DWL) luminance using mutual information (mean ± standard deviation of 0.48 ± 0.21 versus 0.24 ± 0.12; p < 0.001) and in 81% (46/57) of specimens using the Sørensen–Dice coefficient (0.48 ± 0.21 versus 0.33 ± 0.18; p < 0.001). The coefficient of variation (CV) quantified the feature content in each image. Optical scatter exhibited the highest CV in every specimen (optical scatter: 0.70 ± 0.17; diffuse luminance: 0.24 ± 01; micro-CT: 0.15 ± 0.03 for micro-CT; p < 0.001). Optical scatter also exhibited the highest contrast ratios across representative tumor boundaries with adjacent healthy/benign fibrous tissues (1.5–3.7 for optical scatter; 1.0–1.1 for diffuse luminance; 1.0–1.1 for micro-CT). The two main findings from this study were: first, optical scatter contrast was in general similar to the radiological view of the tissue relative to DWL imaging; and second, optical scatter revealed additional features associated with fibrous tissue structures of similar radiodensity that may be relevant to diagnosis. The value of micro-CT lies in its rapid three-dimensional scanning of specimen morphology, and combined with optical scatter imaging with sensitivity to fibrous surface tissues, may be an attractive solution for margin assessment during BCS.
Frozen-in fermionic singlet dark matter in non-standard cosmology with a decaying fluid
Authors: Arias Paola , Karamitros Dimitrios , Roszkowski Leszek
Published: May 2021

We perform a detailed study of dark matter production via freeze-in under the assumption that some fluid dominates the early Universe before depositing its energy to the plasma causing entropy injection.

As a dark matter candidate we consider a fermionic singlet that is produced through its interactions with a scalar particle in the thermal plasma.

The fluid alters the expansion rate of the Universe, as well as the scaling of the temperature, which significantly affects the evolution of both the number density and the mean momentum of the dark matter particle.

We identify and discuss in detail the effects of the evolution of these quantities by considering several examples representing dark matter production at different stages of expansion and entropy injection.

We find that, since the dark matter density is reduced when the entropy injection to the plasma continues after freeze-in, in order to reproduce its observational value an enhanced rate of dark matter production is required relative to standard cosmology. Furthermore, the impact of the assumed non-standard cosmological history on the dark matter mean momentum can result in either a relaxed or a tightened bound on the dark matter mass from large structure formation data.
Recent progress of physical failure analysis of GaN HEMTs
Authors: Cai Xiaolong , Du Chenglin , Sun Zixuan , Ye Ran , Liu Haijun , Zhang Yu , Duan Xiangyang , Lu Hai
Published: May 2021

Gallium nitride (GaN)-based high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are widely used in high power and high frequency application fields, due to the outstanding physical and chemical properties of the GaN material. However, GaN HEMTs suffer from degradations and even failures during practical applications, making physical analyses of post-failure devices extremely significant for reliability improvements and further device optimizations. In this paper, common physical characterization techniques for post failure analyses are introduced, several failure mechanisms and corresponding failure phenomena are reviewed and summarized, and finally device optimization methods are discussed.
Morphology and crystalline property of an AlN single crystal grown on AlN seed
Authors: Zhang Li , Qi Haitao , Cheng Hongjuan , Shi Yuezeng , Lai Zhanpin , Luo Muchang
Published: May 2021

AlN single crystal grown by physical vapor transport (PVT) using homogeneous seed is considered as the most promising approach to obtain high-quality AlN boule. In this work, the morphology of AlN single crystals grown under different modes (3D islands and single spiral center) were investigated. It is proved that, within an optimized thermal distribution chamber system, the surface temperature of AlN seed plays an important role in crystal growth, revealing a direct relationship between growth mode and growth condition. Notably, a high-quality AlN crystal, with (002) and (102) reflection peaks of 65 and 36 arcsec at full width at half maximum (FWHM), was obtained grown under a single spiral center mode. And on which, a high-quality Al
x
Ga1–

x
N epitaxial layer with high Al content (x = 0.54) was also obtained. The FWHMs of (002) and (102) reflection of Al
x
Ga1–

x
N were 202 and 496 arcsec, respectively, which shows superiority over their counterpart grown on SiC or a sapphire substrate.
A complete small-signal HBT model including AC current crowding effect
Authors: Huang Jinjing , Liu Jun
Published: May 2021

An improved small-signal equivalent circuit of HBT concerning the AC current crowding effect is proposed in this paper. AC current crowding effect is modeled as a parallel RC circuit composed of C
bi and R
bi, with distributed base-collector junction capacitance also taken into account. The intrinsic portion is taken as a whole and extracted directly from the measured S-parameters in the whole frequency range of operation without any special test structures. An HBT device with a 2 × 20 μm2 emitter-area under three different biases were used to demonstrate the extraction and verify the accuracy of the equivalent circuit.
WO3 passivation layer-coated nanostructured TiO2: An efficient defect engineered photoelectrode for dye sensitized solar cell
Authors: Babu Arya , Vasanth Arya , Nair Shantikumar , Shanmugam Mariyappan
Published: May 2021

Major loss factors for photo-generated electrons due to the presence of surface defects in titanium dioxide (TiO2) were controlled by RF-sputtered tungsten trioxide (WO3) passivation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy assured the coating of WO3 on the TiO2 nanoparticle layer by showing Ti 2p, W 4f and O 1s characteristic peaks and were further confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. The coating of WO3 on the TiO2 nanoparticle layer did not affect dye adsorption significantly. Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) fabricated using WO3-coated TiO2 showed an enhancement of ~10% compared to DSSCs fabricated using pristine TiO2-based photo-electrodes. It is attributed to the WO3 passivation on TiO2 that creates an energy barrier which favored photo-electron injection by tunneling but blocked reverse electron recombination pathways towards holes available in highest occupied molecular orbital of the dye molecules. It was further evidenced that there is an optimum thickness (duration of coating) of WO3 to improve the DSSC performance and longer duration of WO3 suppressed photo-electron injection from dye to TiO2 as inferred from the detrimental effect in short circuit current density values. RF-sputtering yields pinhole-free, highly uniform and conformal coating of WO3 onto any area of interest, which can be considered for an effective surface passivation for nanostructured photovoltaic devices.
On estimation of gumbel type-ii with numerous kinds of linex loss function
Authors: Fezaa Al-Obedy Nadia J. , Hasanain Wafaa S.
Published: May 2021

The estimators of Gumbel type-II distribution parameter was set by using Maximum likelihood method (MLE) and Bayesian method, under many types of Loss functions; Linex Loss Function (LLF) Modified Linex Loss Function (MLLF), Balanced Linex Loss Function (BLLF), and Compound Linex Loss Function (CLLF) using Gamma prior.

One of the ways to compare the different estimators, and find the best method for estimation which used in this paper, Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), was used based on a Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS).

Finally, the discussion and illustrate of comparison results was showed and summarized in tables.
Using Support Vector Machine To Determine the Limits of Multivariate Control Charts.
Authors: Fahad H E , Asmaa Gh J
Published: May 2021

Quality control is one of the effective statistical tools in the field of productivity control to monitor and match manufactured products to standard specifications and approved standards for some goods and services, and their purpose is to keep pace with the production and industrial development in the labour market and competition. Naturalness in the productive process. The SVM method was used (Support Vector Machine) It is one of the algorithms that are used to solve classification problems or determine the limits of control in monitoring the production process in the fact that the data do not follow the normal distribution or have an unknown distribution, as the research aims to monitor the production process through several variables at the same time to reflect the quality The material produced. The drinking water test data for the old Shatra water project was used to clarify the method of operation of the backing wave machine method, as the standard drawing method was adopted to indicate the performance and efficiency of the method used, and its performance was good to know the quality of the.
A Transmuted Survival Model With Application
Authors: Mohamaad S F , Al-Kadim K A
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a new survival model is being defined. This model is adaptable for produce a new lifetime distribution for analyzing positive data. We define a new lifetime models called the Transmuted-Survival-Exponential distribution (TSE). Essential functions associated with the proposed distribution are obtained. Some structural properties of the new models are investigated. The new formula may serve as a flexible transmuted to other distributions for modeling survival data arising in several fields of science such as hydrology, biostatistics, metrology and engineering
Predict the required cost to develop Software Engineering projects by Using Machine Learning
Authors: Abdulmajeed Ashraf Abdulmunim , Al-Jawaherry Marwa Adeeb , Tawfeeq Tawfeeq Mokdad
Published: May 2021

Software project cost prediction is a very important task during building and developing software projects. This process helps software project engineers to accurately manage and plan their resources in terms of cost estimation. However, Need for accurate cost development prediction model for a software project is not a simple procedure. Predicting the cost required while developing software engineering projects is the most difficult challenge that attracts the attention of researchers and practitioners. This paper adopts a new model in estimating the cost of building or developing software engineering projects using a machine learning approach. The results proves that machine learning methods can be used to predict program cost with high accuracy rate compared with traditional software estimation techniques. The proposed model in this research was trained on the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) data set, which contains the characteristics of 60 projects in addition to the real cost of the projects. An analysis of the results of the implementation for the proposed methods showed that the cost Predicting process using K-Nearest Neighbours algorithm (KNN), Cascade Neural Networks (CNN) and Elman Neural Networks (ENN) It has the ability to predict the costs required to build or develop software engineering projects, K-Nearest Neighbours algorithm has shown high accuracy for Predict the required cost to develop Software Engineering projects Compared to Cascade Neural Networks and Elman Neural Networks ENN.
The Exact Solution of Fractional Coupled EW and Coupled MEW Equations Using Sine-Cosine Method
Authors: Susan H M , Ekhlass S A
Published: May 2021

In the current paper, the coupled of space -time fractional of both the equal width wave equation(FCEWE) and the modified equal width wave equation (FCMEWE) are formally solved. For this purpose, the conformable derivative and Sine-Cosine method have been introduced to reduce these equations into the ordinary differential equations then the exact solution was extracted. The search results showed the possibility of using this method successfully for solving the FCEW and FCMEW equations at different time levels.
Solving Nonlinear Second Order Delay Eigenvalue Problems By Collocation Method
Authors: Abdul-Razzaq Eman. A. , Salman Israa. M.
Published: May 2021

The goal of this research is to study the nonlinear second order delay eigenvalue problems which consists of delay ordinary differential equations, in fact one of the expansion methods that is called the Collocation method will be developed to solve this kind of problems.
Continuous Linear Operators On Infinite Quasi-Sobolev Spaces

ℓ∞m
Authors: Al-Delfi Jawad Kadhim K.
Published: May 2021

In this study, the concept of infinite quasi-Sobolev spaces

ℓ

∞

m

, where m ∈ ℝ is considered. These spaces have been proved as quasi-Banach spaces, as well as, Banach spaces, while they neither Hilbert spaces nor quasi-Hilbert spaces. Some kinds of linear operators such as continuous, bounded, closed and completely continuous for operators which map

ℓ

∞

m

or

ℓ

1

m

into

ℓ

∞

m

are discussed.
More results on rough sets via neighborhoods of graphs with finite path
Authors: Kozae Abdel Monam , El Atik Abd El Fattah , Haroun Sally
Published: May 2021

Rough set theory had been proposed by Pawlak in the early of 1982. The theory is a new mathematical tool to deal with vagueness and imperfect knowledge. In this paper, we study neighborhoods for vertices of graphs with length that at most 2 edges. A new binary relation induced from a simple graph is defined and more properties of star definability which based on reflexive and transitive relation will be discussed. So, we investigate N-star lower and N-star upper approximations, for every subset B of a set of vertices V of a graph G. The relationship between the star set and independent set will be discussed.
A new adaptive algorithm for v-support vector regression with feature selection using Harris hawks optimization algorithm
Authors: Ismael Omar Mohammed , Qasim Omar Saber , Algamal Zakariya Yahya
Published: May 2021

Support vector regression, especially, v-support vector regression (v-SVR) has been applied in several real problems. However, it is usually needed to tune manually the hyperparameter. In addition, v-SVR cannot perform feature selection. Nature-inspired algorithms were used as a feature selection and as an estimation for hyperparameter. In this paper, the Harris hawks optimization algorithm (HHOA) is proposed to optimize the hyperparameter of the v-SVR with embedding the feature selection simultaneously. Experimental results, obtained by running on two datasets, show that our proposed algorithm performs better than other methods, in terms of prediction, number of selected features, and running time. In addition, the HHOA's experimental results confirm the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in improving prediction performance and computational time compared to other nature-inspired algorithms, which show case HHOA's ability to search for the best hyperparameter values and to select the most informative features for prediction tasks. Therefore the HHOA may likely be ideal for defining the data relationship between input features and the target variable as opposed to other algorithms. In other real applications this is highly effective in making predictions.
A Study of Legendre Polynomials Approximation for Solving Initial Value Problems
Authors: Al-Shaher Oday I. , Mechee Mohammed S.
Published: May 2021

Legendre polynomials (LPs) basis on the interval I = [-1;1] have been introduced and their properties are studied. Legendre polynomials with Gaussian integration method (GIM) are used to solve the initial value problems (IVPs) of third-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The aim of this work is to study the numerical solution of IVP which is widely applicable in the fields of engineering and science using Legendre base. The implementations have been discussed to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique of collections and variational methods which compared with the numerical results that obtained by classical RK and modern direct RKD numerical methods. Finally, the numerical results show the high accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
A New Proposed Method For A Statistical Rules-Based Digital Image Compression
Authors: Hashim Khadhim Mahdi , Baawi Salwa Shakir , Hilal Bushra Kamil
Published: May 2021

Image compression depends on data compression of digital images. Its central objective is to decrease the redundancy of the image data for reducing space and the cost of transmitting data in public communication channels. This research suggests a new compression technique based on the statistical rules. The proposed technique is one of the lossy compression techniques is based upon the statistics of the pixel values of the gray-scale image. The quality of these compressed images have been evaluated using some factors like the Image size before/after the compression process, Compression Ratio, (CR), and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Mean Space Saving (MSS). Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed technique provides sufficient higher compression with minimal to lose data.
The Bifurcation Analysis of Food Web Prey- Predator Model with Toxin
Authors: Majeed Azhar Abbas , Lafta Mohamed Akram
Published: May 2021

Local and global bifurcations of food web model consists of immature and mature preys, first predator, and second predator with the current of toxicity and harvesting was studied. It is shown that a trans-critical bifurcation occurs at the equilibrium point E
0, and it revealed the existence of saddle-node bifurcation occurred at equilibrium points E
1, E
2 and E
3. At any point, the occurrence of bifurcation of the pitch fork does not occur. However, Hopf bifurcation is carried out around positive equilibrium point only.
Relationship between circum-Arctic atmospheric wave patterns and large-scale wildfires in boreal summer
Authors: Yasunari Teppei J , Nakamura Hisashi , Kim Kyu-Myong , Choi Nakbin , Lee Myong-In , Tachibana Yoshihiro , da Silva Arlindo M
Published: May 2021

Long-term assessment of severe wildfires and associated air pollution and related climate patterns in and around the Arctic is essential for assessing healthy human life status. To examine the relationships, we analyzed the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). Our investigation based on this state-of-the-art atmospheric reanalysis data reveals that 13 out of the 20 months with the highest PM2.5 (corresponding to the highly elevated organic carbon in the particulate organic matter [POM] form) monthly mean mass concentration over the Arctic for 2003–2017 were all in summer (July and August), during which POM of

⩾

0.5 μg m−3 and PM2.5 were positively correlated. This correlation suggests that high PM2.5 in the Arctic is linked to large wildfire contributions and characterized by significant anticyclonic anomalies (i.e. clockwise atmospheric circulation) with anomalous surface warmth and drier conditions over Siberia and subpolar North America, in addition to Europe. A similar climate pattern was also identified through an independent regression analysis for the July and August mean data between the same atmospheric variables and the sign-reversed Scandinavian pattern index. We named this pattern of recent atmospheric circulation anomalies the circum-Arctic wave (CAW) pattern as a manifestation of eastward group-velocity propagation of stationary Rossby waves (i.e. large-scale atmospheric waves). The CAW induces concomitant development of warm anticyclonic anomalies over Europe, Siberia, Alaska, and Canada, as observed in late June 2019. Surprisingly, the extended regression analysis of the 1980–2017 period revealed that the CAW pattern was not prominent before 2003. Understanding the CAW pattern under future climate change and global warming would lead to better prediction of co-occurrences of European heatwaves and large-scale wildfires with air pollution over Siberia, Alaska, and Canada in and around the Arctic in summer.
Antarctic skin temperature warming related to enhanced downward longwave radiation associated with increased atmospheric advection of moisture and temperature
Authors: Sato Kazutoshi , Simmonds Ian
Published: May 2021

We investigate linear trends in Antarctic skin temperatures (temperatures from about the top millimeter of the surface) over the four seasons using ERA5 ensemble mean reanalysis data. During 1950–2020, statistically significant warming occurred over East and West Antarctica in spring, autumn and winter, and over the Antarctic Peninsula in autumn and winter. A surface energy budget analysis revealed that increases in downward longwave radiation related to increases in air temperature and total column integrated cloud had a key role in Antarctic surface warming. There were negative sea level pressure trends around the periphery of Antarctica throughout the year, and the associated circulation contributed to warm advection from the middle latitudes to West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula. Over the interior of East Antarctica, increase in moisture advection from lower latitudes enhanced the low-level cloud cover. A two-dimensional parameter diagram showed that skin temperature trends for time segments longer than 30 years starting before 1960 exhibited statistically significant warming in autumn and winter in East and West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula. In spring, West Antarctica also showed statistically significant warming for long segments. In summer, the Antarctic Peninsula had statistically significant warming trends for long segments and cooling trends for segments less than 30 years. For all the studied time intervals, when skin temperatures had statistically significant positive trends, increases in downward longwave radiation contributed more than 70% of the warming and vice versa. This result demonstrates that on all time and space scales, changes in downward longwave radiation associated with variations in air temperature and atmospheric moisture loading play a dominant role controlling skin temperatures.
Physical quality improvement of culled chicken meat with marinated technology using Gelugur acid (Garcinia atroviridis) biomass
Authors: Patriani P , Hafid H , Wahyuni T H , Sari T V
Published: May 2021

Culled chicken meat have a tough texture, so they are less liked by consumers. The quality improvement of meat is needed to overcome the problem, one of which uses inexpensive spices, namely Gelugur acid (Garcinia atroviridis). This study aimed to determine the gelugur acid marination, which was effective to improve the physical quality of culled chicken meat. This study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of P0: without marination using gelugur acid, marinating in 50 g of gelugur acid + 1000 mL distilled water (P1); 750 mL distilled water (P2) and 500 mL distilled water (P3). It was concluded that the level of marinating using gelugur acid to the physical quality of culled chicken meat had a very significant effect (P < 0.01) on the physical quality of chicken meat, namely the pH value, cooking loss and tenderness. However, there was no significant effect (P > 0.05) on drip loss and colour of meat. Acid compounds contained in Gelugur acid are thought to cause protein denaturation so that they affect the physical quality of meat. Marination at concentration (P1) was an effective level to improve the physical quality of culled chicken meat.
Fuel Properties of Two Types High-Speed Diesel Blending with Palm Oil Biodiesel in Indonesia
Authors: Fathurrahman N A , Wibowo C S , Bethari S A , Anggarani R , Aisyah L , Maymuchar
Published: May 2021

Biodiesel from palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) is one of the promising renewable sources in Indonesia. Biodiesel is renewable transportation fuel and nowadays is being used as a blend with high-speed diesel (HSD). There are two types of HSD in fuel specification of The Indonesian Government, HSD with Cetane No. 48 and HSD with Cetane No. 51. This paper investigates the fuel properties of HSD 48 and HSD 51 blends with palm oil biodiesel with composition 90:10 (B10), 80:20 (B20), and 70:30 (B30). The experimental investigation shows that the fuel blending HSD 48 and HSD 51 with biodiesel up to 30% improve HSD quality, such as increasing cetane number by 10%, increasing lubricity by 10-18%, and decreasing sulfur content by 35%. Furthermore, biodiesel addition to HSD has a negative effect that increases the acid value and water content, decreasing heating value and cold-flow performance, such as cloud point, pour point, and cold filter plugging point. This can be improved by tightening up the quality of biodiesel. However, the addition of palm oil biodiesel up to 30% (B30) is the potential to promote renewable fuels with tolerable characteristics with HSD fuel specification by improving the quality and specification of biodiesel and blends.
Production of edible film based on catfish (Clarias batrachus) protein results of enzymatic cross-linking by transglutaminase
Authors: Pratiwi Prima A , Setiadi
Published: May 2021

The existence of plastic is useful for various kinds of packaging purposes in our activities. However, it takes around 500 years to decompose because these plastics are made from petroleum. Thus the production of plastic is in high dependency on oil stock. Due to this problem, an edible film can be an alternative packaging because it is biodegradable. Protein is the most potential biopolymer to be an edible film but still needs improvement. The enzymatic cross-linking reaction can be selected as a good method to improve protein-based edible film’s mechanical properties. In this study, catfish meat (Clarias batrachus) was used as a protein source to produce an edible film through enzymatic cross-linking reaction with The Transglutaminase enzyme (TG-ase). The results of this protein-based edible film showed an improvement in thickness where TG-05 is the thickest film. The solubility decreases from 42.86 % to 20 %. Tensile Strength (TS) and Elongation at Break (EAB) results have range value from 1.630 ± 0.19-10.032 ± 1.316 MPa and 10.733 ± 0.6798-31.9 ± 6.531 %, respectively. FTIR analysis showed the change in Amide II. The biodegradable test showed that edible film could degrade in 6 days.
Study on the utilization of essential oil as an additive for pure plant oil in single cylinder diesel engine
Authors: Kurniawan Ade , Setyaningsih Dwi , Setiapraja Hari
Published: May 2021

This paper discusses an effect of rhodinol and turpentine-based bio-additives to improve pure plant oil characteristics. Rhodinol and turpentine were added to PPO at 1% by volume. Testing was conducted on single cylinder diesel engine for agriculture application referring to SNI 0119 : 2012. The results of fuel characteristics show that bio-additive+PPO could fulfill the quality standards of SNI 7431 : 2015. Both rhodinol and turpentine showed capability to reduce water and particle content in PPO. Engine test results showed that at engine speed of 1800 rpm, turpentine+PPO could reach a maximum power of 4.53kW, maximum torque of 24.06 Nm, smoke opacity of 6.87 FSN, and specific fuel consumption of 145.62 g/kWh; while the PPO had maximum power of 4.39 kW, maximum torque of 23.31 Nm, smoke opacity of 7.56 FSN, and specific fuel consumption of 150.12 g/kWh. Here, rhodinol+PPO were also slightly higher on power, torque and lower on smoke emission, and specific fuel consumption compared with PPO without additive. In general, rhodinol and turpentine were slightly higher on engine power and torque with lower specific fuel consumption and lower smoke emission. However, reduction of water and particle content must be further investigated to have better understanding on its effect on engine components lifetime.
Life cycle inventory of electricity production from biomass power plant system using life cycle assessment in Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Kiman , Sofyan Hizir , Ichwana  , Syafriandi  , Sholihati  , Miharza Try , Sofiah Intan , Supriyanto
Published: May 2021

Biomass is important material sources as bioenergy for many purposes. Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is one of the rests of biomass from palm oil production that is underutilized in Aceh Province, Indonesia. In the previous research gasification technology was implemented in converting EFB biomass to be electricity using a gasification system. An environmental load of this electricity production needs to be evaluated using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. LCA is a well-known method and quantitative approach to evaluate the environmental impact of the product. LCA process consists of goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory (LCI), impact assessment (IA), and interpretation. LCI is the most time consuming and important activity in the LCA calculation. Therefore, we proposed the life cycle inventory analysis of electricity production from EFB biomass using a gasification system. The result of this study was the developed data inventory of electricity production from EFB biomass using a gasification system. The total amount of 17 process units both in the EFB biomass production and electricity production in the gasification system including the distribution process to the user. The gas engine was the major process that contributed to the high global warming potential impact from electricity production. Multiple scenarios can be used to support decision-makers to evaluate the best scenario of the process.
Distribution of Macrozoobenthos Species and Communities in Bulaksetra Estuary
Authors: Krisnafi Y , Novianto D , Aamsah S , Wibowo A C
Published: May 2021

Distribution of macrozoobenthos species and communities is influenced by several factors, one of the very influential factor is the environment. This research aims to study the diversity and distribution patterns of macrozoobenthos and the environment conditions that influence it. Samples were taken from 31 research stations that spread along the Bulaksetra estuary. Determination of sampling points is done by randomly making zoning point so that the sample points can represent the characteristics of the entire Bulaksetra estuary zone. The data analysis used in this study were the species composition formula, individual abundance, Shannon Wiener diversity index, uniformity index, and Simpson dominance index. The results showed that 12 species of macrozoobenthos consist of 9 genus, 6 families, 4 classes and 2 phylum, with species composition dominated by Faunus ater 64.04%, average individual abundance of 239.95/m2, moderate diversity, moderate uniformity, and dominance of biota types faunus ater is classified as moderate but for other types classified as low.
The Dynamic of Convergence Zone Displacement in Western Pacific Ocean on 2015 Super El Niňo Event
Authors: Ashafahani A A , Wirasatriya A , Pranowo W S , Sugianto D N , Maslukah L
Published: May 2021

Warm pool and the existence of equatorial processes in the Pacific Ocean have an important role on El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The eastward advection of warm and less saline water from the western Pacific together with the westward advection of cold and more saline water from the central-eastern Pacific induces a convergence of water masses at the eastern edge of the warm pool. The aim of this study is to determine convergence zone displacement in Western Pacific Ocean based on oceanography parameters such as temperature, salinity and surface current from insitu Argo Float, satellite and model data. The convergence zone displacement was characterized by proxies variable of isotherm 28,5 °C and isohaline 34,6 psu. The convergence zone is zonally displaced in association with EI Niño-La Niña and wind-driven surface current variations. The displacement of the convergence zone moved as far east as 136 °W in the eastern Pacific during the 2015 Super El Niňo. Otherwise, convergence zone moved westward near 154 °E in the western Pacific, during La Niňa periods. During Super El Niňo, the stronger-than-normal speed of the North Equatorial Counter Current (NECC) was increased by 0,8 m/s and appears to have been a major factor in convergence zone reaching the far eastern Pacific. A strong significant positive correlation (R= 0.88, 0.82 and 0.84) between SST and skipjack tuna catch on Super El Niňo, La Niňa and Normal respectively suggested that changes in skipjack CPUE occurred in phase with movement of convergence zone.
Median Lethal (LC50-48) with Azadirectha Biopestisides in Post Larva Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in Low Salinity
Authors: Septiningsih E , Sahabuddin  , Permatasari D
Published: May 2021

The agricultural system in Indonesia is now more advanced by combining agriculture and fisheries on the same land, so research like this is carried out. This study aims to investigate the lethal concentration (LC50-48 hours) of the active ingredient biopesticide Azadirectha on tiger shrimp at the post-larvae stage, and to analyze the effect of Azadirectha biopesticide on the behavior of tiger prawn post larvae. The concentration of biopesticides used in the main test was determined from the results of 3 preliminary tests with an upper threshold value of 90,000 ppm and a lower threshold value of 30,000 ppm. Five biopesticide concentrations were used for the main test, i.e. 37,372 ppm, 46,555 ppm, 57,994 ppm, 72,244 ppm, 89,994 ppm, and control. The data analysis technique for LC 50 uses probit analysis. The results obtained by the lethal concentration (LC50-48 hours) with Azadirectha biopesticide on mortality of tiger shrimp post-larvae were 54,719.57 ppm, the effect of biopesticides on post larvae behavior of tiger prawns at a concentration of 40,000 ppm only stayed at the bottom and even died while with a maximum biopesticide. At the concentration of 37,372 ppm, the shrimp showed active behavior, making it a safe concentration limit for the shrimp to sustain a living.
Validation of Badan Informasi Geospasial Tide Model in the Sunda Strait Waters using Sebesi Island Tide Gauge Data
Authors: Putra A A , Soepardjo A H , Purwanti S , Widyantoro B T , Efendi J , Pramono G H
Published: May 2021

Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) has developed tide model using 128 tide gauges (TG) data in 2015. During the period of 2016-2020 BIG has established new 31 TG and these stations have not yet been included into the model, one of them was Sebesi TG located in Sunda Strait. The aim of this research was to validate the BIG tide model using latest data of Sebesi TG by comparing Harmonic Constituents (HC) and tide prediction. HC to be compared were M2, S2, N2, K2, K1, O1, P1, Q1 from BIG tide model and Sebesi TG data. Each HC were used to generate tide predictions for August 10-20, 2020 compared with Sebesi TG raw data. HC comparison results showed the maximum amplitude difference was S2(0.011 m) and minimum was Q1(0.001 m). The maximum phase difference was Q1(14.2170) and minimum was N2(1.4510). The RMS generated for tide prediction using BIG tide model HC compared to TG raw data was 17.788cm, while RMS generated for tide prediction using HC from Sebesi TG data compared to TG raw data was 17.707cm. The correlation between raw data and tide prediction using BIG tide model HC was 0.977 while the correlation between raw data and tide prediction using Sebesi TG HC was 0.980.