bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudio del marco jurídico que rige la solución alternativa de conflictos entre marcas y nombres de dominio .MX
Authors: Chávez Zárate Vanessa
Published: February 2021

The objective of this article is to analyze, describe and compare the legal framework for alterna-tive dispute resolution between trademarks and .MX domain names, which is subject to a series of international administrative rules, so that they are known, understood, and differentiate the existing legal norms, and at the same time promote the defense of trademark rights against abuse due to the registration and use of domain names in Mexico.The article has been divided in two parts: a substantive part and an adjective part. The first part, the substantive law, is based on the application of the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy regar-ding domain names and its variant, the Dispute Resolution Policy regarding domain names for .MX, for conflict resolution by domain names in the alternative or extra jurisdictional adminis-trative route, through alternative methods of conflict resolution or controversies in intellectual property matters, which are applied by the conflict resolution the service providers that are accre-dited by the Internet Corporation to the Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The second part, the adjective law, is made up of the procedural administrative rules, which are applied in the case of conflicts over .MX domains and trademarks, this is a series of regulations that establish the procedure that is based on the indicated policies, the regulation of the provider and the regu-lation of the alternative mechanism used in the solution to these conflicts, the Expert decision.The study of the legal norms, which are applied in the Mexican case by .MX domains, is relevant, to expand their knowledge, share their content and establish recommendations for the defense of trademark rights in the alternative route.
Los fármacos como materia patentable y el encuadre del COVID-19 en la licencia del artículo 45 de la Ley 24481
Authors: Ugalde Martín
Published: February 2021

At the beginning of 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a Pandemic. It is not necessary to do an exhaustive analysis to notice the important health, economic and legal consequences that it has had.In particular, Patent Law plays an important role in this regard, the possibility of a vaccine being patented in the country with the current ordinance of Law No. 24,481 and its amendments, and that the human right of property that the holder has on it, has a strong impact on the incentive to technical and scientific development. A right that cannot be analyzed in isolation, but in the context of the health emergency that is prevailing worldwide today and the public interest in the protection of another human right such as public health.The aforementioned technical development encouraged by the patent system is part of the in-terest not only of the legal community, but of society as a whole. In this paper we will analyze the context of the pandemic and Intellectual Property Law, the historical evolution in Argentine legislation regarding the possibility of patenting pharmacological products and procedures, the requirements that the vaccine must meet to be considered patentable matter in terms of the law, the procedure to be followed before the INPI for its patenting, the rights that the law grants to the owner of the vaccine patent and its framing in the Compulsory License in the context of a health emergency of Art. 45 of the Patent Law.
Pornografía no consentida: alternativas en el ordenamiento jurídico de la propiedad intelectual de Estados Unidos
Authors: Vega Lozada Fredrick
Published: February 2021

Non-consensual pornography is an act of violence that undermines the dignity, reputation and honor of people. This research presents some of the existing legal alternatives to face these acts of violence with intellectual property law, specifically with copyright. This research is based on the legal system of the United States of America, the United States Copyright Law of 1976, the Electronic Non-Theft Act of 1997, The Communication Decency Law of 1996, The Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 and the exceptions and clarifications presented by the jurisprudence. The investigation concludes that there are alternatives available to victims of these acts of non-consensual pornography. However, to make North American copyright remedies accessible to victims, it is recommended to amend some of the current Acts analyzed.
Analysis of modern practice of remote forms of medical consultations and dispensary observation of patients with ischemic heart disease (literature review)
Authors: Mishina Irina E. , Gudukhin Anton A. , Sarana Andrei M. , Urazov Stanislav P.
Published: February 2021

Aim. To describe modern opinions about the role of remote technologies in the dispensary observation of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Materials and methods. The data of 57 scientific sources published in the russian and foreign press in 1984-2018 are considered. Results and conclusion. It is generally recognized that patients with myocardial infarction need cardiac rehabilitation, but the frequency of their participation in its programs remains low due to transport problems, unwillingness to leave home due to anxiety and depression, and to change the mode of the day due to the need for ambulant visits, etc. Modern achievements of telemedicine solve these problems and allow doctors to monitor the status of patients remotely. All types of telemetry devices have some advantages: external cardiomonitoring systems in real time quickly collect and transmit the most complete information without the participation of the patient, standard non-loop and loop recorders are inexpensive and widely available, and adhesive patch recorders are very easy to use and increase compliance. The use of mobile applications and SMS in the framework of remote cardiorehabilitation has not been sufficiently studied, but data on their effectiveness in correcting the behavior of patients have already been collected. Experts have not yet come to a consensus on the effectiveness of complex tele-cardiorehabilitation, including telemetry, telecoaching and teleconsulting, but many studies have shown that it is a worthy alternative to traditional rehabilitation programs, as it has higher rates of attendance.
Secondary prevention for non-communicable diseases at out-patient stage: schools of health for patients at municipal polyclinic
Authors: Larina Vera N. , Kozyrev Sergei E. , Nazimkin Kirill E. , Saino Olga V. , Safarian Sergei L. , Gasparian Lilit V.
Published: February 2021

Background. Currently, chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCD) cause more than 2/3 of all deaths in the world. Despite the continuous improvement of approaches to drug therapy for chronic low risk infections, they can not be completely cured, and mortality tends to increase. In such conditions, the need for preventive measures comes to the fore. One of the approaches of secondary prevention is to educate patients in Health Schools, the goal of which is to reduce the incidence and progression of complications of NCD, reduce morbidity and mortality. Aim. The goal is to assess the attendance of Schools, the gender and sex composition of patients, the structure of educational activities. Methods. Аssessment of the work of the Health Schools through the analysis of patient case report stored in the clinic’s prevention department. The analysis of the cases was carried out taking into account the age, gender, and results of the patient survey. Results. The data obtained indicate a fairly uniform attendance at Health Schools. The School of Health in hypertension was the most visited (20% of the total attendance), the least - the School of Breast Health (less than 10% of the total attendance). Women visited Health Schools more often than men (71.2%). Men were more interested in the school on the general principles of healthy lifestyles and the School on quitting smoking. The main contingent of Health Schools is the elderly. The average age of the patients of the School for type 2 diabetes and healthy joints was about 65 years, and the School for hypertension - about 73 years. Conclusion. Due to patient education, it is possible to increase adherence to treatment prescribed by a doctor, reduce the effect of FR, help patients lead a healthier lifestyle.
Myocardial biomechanics, intracardiac hemodynamics and endothelial function in patients before and after various types of pacemakers implantation
Authors: Sanakoyeva Viktoriia A. , Rybachenko Maksim S. , Pukhayeva Alena A. , Avtandilov Aleksandr G.
Published: February 2021

This review presents 31 sources from 1995 to 2019. Atrioventricular blockades (AVB) 2-3 degrees occupy a special place among the causes of death from cardiovascular disease. The above AVB lead to a significant slowing of the heart rate and predispose to the development and progression of heart failure (HF) and the occurrence of acute hypoxia of the brain and attacks Morgagni-Adams-Stokes. The main method of treatment of hemodynamically significant AB-conduction disorders is electrocardiostimulation (ES), which is the basic method of treatment. A single chamber pacemaker is the most often implanted with using isolated ventricular stimulation in clinical practice in the Russian Federation. Implantation of a dual chamber pacemaker is less frequent. This type of stimulation allows to maintain atrioventricular synchronization constantly. Stimulation of the apex of the right ventricle leads to a decrease in left ventricle (LV) function and structural changes that are a consequence of the occurrence of electric and mechanical dyssynchrony of the myocardium. There is a large number of works devoted to the comparison of different methods of ES leading to the conclusion that a powerful alternative to the stimulation of the apex of the right ventricle can be a dual ventricular stimulation. It is noted that implantation of single-and dual-chamber pacemaker with fixation of the electrode in the region of the right ventricle apex leads to the fact that both modes of stimulation can not cancel the electrical and anatomical remodeling of the myocardium of left atrium and LV. It may be necessary to use a more physiological site of stimulation with using optimal AB-delay to minimize the frequency of ventricular stimulation. Endothelium plays an important and independent role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The effect of AB conduction impairment on endothelial function (EF) has not been described to date. There were few studies which are discussed the influence of constant pacemaker on endothelial function in patients with AVB 2-3 degrees in recent years. It should be noted that the studies were conducted on a small sample of patients and had a different design.
Health school for patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Orlova Natalia V. , Fedulaev Iurii N.
Published: February 2021

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the leading cause of disability and death from stroke. Despite efforts of the medical community to reduce the incidence of stroke, the disease prevalence remains high. Evidence-based effective tactics for preventing stroke is the use of anticoagulant therapy. At the same time, there is insufficient treatment compliance, self-withdrawal of the drug or failure to comply with a medication regimen, insufficient control of the international normalized ratio when prescribing warfarin, as well as non-compliance with doctor’s recommendations for a correction of risk factors for AF. Health school for patients with atrial fibrillation which has been elaborated by the authors, is aimed to solve issues of prevention of the disease and its consequences. Conducting health schools does not usually require significant financial costs but at the same time it is an effective prevention mechanism. The educational cycle for patients with AF consists of 6 lessons. The lesson thematic schedule includes: a concept of AF, the disease prevalence and relevance, risk factors for the disease and its exacerbations, classification of AF, its clinical manifestations, diagnosis, complications, rhythm control and anticoagulant therapy in patients with AF. Information is adapted for patients; themes for training of practical skills are proposed.
Diagnostic value of chaperone activity of heat shock proteins 70 in coronary atherosclerosis
Authors: Kotova Julia A. , Zuikova Anna A. , Pashkov Alexander N.
Published: February 2021

Aim. The aim of the research was to study the role of chaperone activity heat shock proteins (HSP) 70 in pathogenesis and diagnostic in patients with coronary atherosclerosis. Materials and methods. We examined 354 patients with coronary heart disease, who had coronary atherosclerosis of varying degrees, according to coronary angiography (was performed by the Judkins technique). The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was determined on the basis of the Gensini index. According to the Gensini index, patients were divided into 2 groups: GS0 - 152 patients without signs of coronary atherosclerosis, GS1 - 202 patients with coronary lesions. Chaperone activity was determined by thermodynamic method. Results. The study showed significant differences in the level of chaperone activity HSP70 in patients with different severity of coronary atherosclerosis. The correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between chaperone activity HSP70 and the Gensini index. The cut-off value of chaperone activity of HSP70, by which can be judged on the presence or absence of coronary atherosclerosis, is establish. Conclusion. The revealed threshold of chaperone activity can be considered as a possible marker of the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.
Pharmacokinetics of enalapril in patients with arterial hypertension depending on the glomerular filtration rate
Authors: Zhuravleva Marina V. , Prokofiev Aleksei B. , Dmitriev Artem I. , Belkov Sergei A. , Melnikov Evgenii S. , Rodina Tatiana A. , Danko Andrei A.
Published: February 2021

Aim. To study the pharmacokinetics of enalapril in patients with arterial hypertension, depending on the value of the prescribed dose of enalapril and the state of renal function to improve the efficiency and safety of treatment. Materials and methods. The study was performed in a group of 328 patients (107 men and 221 women aged 43 to 88 years) who received treatment for hypertension of 1-2 degrees. As the main antihypertensive drug was prescribed enalapril in doses of 2.5 to 20 mg twice a day. Patients underwent therapeutic drug monitoring to determine the concentration of enalapril and its metabolite - enalaprilat. Results. Among the examined patients in 31% of cases there was a decrease in GFR less than 60 ml/min, and in 9 (3%) patients GFR was less than 30 ml/min. This indicates a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease among patients with hypertension. During therapeutic drug monitoring enalapril in patients with hypertension and reduced GFR (less than 60 ml/min) serum concentration of the main metabolite was 1.5-2 times higher than in patients with GFR more than 60 ml/min. Conclusion. It is advisable to carry out therapeutic drug monitoring to determine the concentrations of enalapril and enalaprilat in the serum of patients receiving the drug in high doses and having impaired renal function. In the appointment of enalapril in high doses to patients with reduced GFR, the concentration of enalaprilat significantly exceeds similar indicators in patients with normal GFR and in some cases goes beyond the therapeutic range, indicating the need to consider the correction of the treatment regimen.
Hypoglycemia prevention: current opportunities
Authors: Doskina Elena V. , Tankhilevich Boris M.
Published: February 2021

In Russia, as well as throughout the world, there is a constant increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. The Russian Federation is in the top 10 countries with the highest number of adults with diabetes. The incidence of hypoglycemic conditions remains extremely high, despite the available methods of self-control of glycemia and a wide variety of sugar-lowering drugs. So, according to studies such as URPDS, ACCJRD, VADT, ADVANCE, the frequency of hypoglycemic conditions ranged from 0.7 to 16%, depending on the type of therapy. Regardless of the severity of hypoglycemia, they lead to a decrease in the quality of life of patients, weight gain, the development of cognitive deficits and/or dementia, convulsive syndrome, cardiovascular catastrophes, increase the frequency of hospitalizations and the costs of treating diabetes, and also increase the risk of injury. The main tool in managing diabetes is self-monitoring of glycemia. Modern blood glucose meters must meet the needs of the patient - to be informative, accurate, convenient to use. For the timely detection of hypoglycemia, the accuracy of the glucometer is of great importance.
Allelic variants of rs1800801 polymorphism in patients with stroke
Authors: Nikulina Svetlana Yu. , Shulman Vladimir A. , Chernova Anna A. , Prokopenko Semen V. , Nikulin Dmitrii A. , Platunova Irirna M. , Tretyakova Svetlana S. , Semenchukov Aleksei A. , Marilovtseva Olga V. , Chernov Vladimir N. , Maksimov Vladimir N. , Gurazheva Anna A.
Published: February 2021

Aim. To study the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs556621 (G>T) with the development of stroke in patients of the East Siberian population with cardiovascular pathology and risk factors. Material and methods. The study involved 260 patients with stroke (157 men and 103 women) and 272 patients of the control group (170 men and 102 women). The following cardiovascular pathology and risk factors were present in the patients of the main group: arterial hypertension, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic arteries, disorders of the hemostatic system. All patients underwent clinical, instrumental and molecular genetic examination. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the set of application programs Statistica for Windows 7.0, Excel and SPSS 22. Results. As a result of the study, no statistically significant associations of genotypes and alleles of the rs1800801 polymorphism (C>T) with stroke were found in any of the analyzed groups and subgroups. Conclusion. SNP rs1800801 (C>T) does not have a significant effect on the development of stroke in people of the East Siberian population, regardless of the preceding cardiovascular pathology and risk factors.
Evaluation of the influence of the therapy with fosinopril and zofenopril on the regulatory-adaptive status of patients with diastolic chronic heart failure
Authors: Nedvetskaya Svetlana N. , Tregubov Vitalii G. , Shubitidze Iosif Z. , Pokrovskiy Vladimir M.
Published: February 2021

Aim. Еvaluate the influence of combination therapy with fosinopril or zofenopril on the regulatory-adaptive status (RAS) of patients with diastolic chronic heart failure (CHF). Material and methods. The study includes 80 patients with CHF I-II functional class according to the classification of the New York heart Association with left ventricle ejection fraction ≥50% because of hypertensive disease (HD) of III stage, who were randomized into two groups for treatment with fosinopril (14.7±4.2 mg/day, n=40) or zofenopril (22.5±7.5 mg/day, n=40). As part of combination pharmacotherapy, patients were included nebivolol (7.1±2.0 mg/day and 6.8±1.9 mg/day), in the presence of indications, atorvastatin and acetylsalicylic acid in the intestinal shell were prescribed. Initially and after six months, the following was done: a quantitative evaluation of the RAS (by cardio-respiratory synchronism test), echocardiography, tredmil-test, six-minute walking test, determination of the N-terminal precursor of the natriuretic brain peptide level in blood plasma and subjective evaluation of quality of life. Results. Therapy, using fosinopril, in comparison with zofenopril, more improved RAS (by 66.5%, p
Influence of type A behavioral activity on the development of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Martynov Anatoly I. , Akatova Evgeniya V. , Pervichko Elena I. , Nikolin Olesya P. , Urlaeva Inna V.
Published: February 2021

Aim. To study the influence of type of behavioral activity on the development of cardiovascular diseases, to evaluate the effect of type of behavior on the frequency of repeated hospitalizations and fatal outcomes after acute coronary syndrome. Materials and methods. The study included 100 patients with acute coronary syndrome who were subsequently divided into groups according to the main disease - acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina. The median age was 62.09±5.46 years, the therapy according to the underlying disease. All patients had anamnesis of previous and concomitant diseases, anthropometric measurements, physical examination, and observation during the next 24 months after inclusion in the study. In dynamics he carried out daily monitoring of electrocardiogramm, daily monitoring of blood pressure, echocardiography. Diagnosis of types of behavioral activity was carried out using the test method "type of behavioral activity" developed on the basis of the questionnaire Jenkins Activity Survey, published in 1974 by C. Jenkins, the Russian-language adaptation was performed in NIPNI Bekhtereva (L.I. Wasserman, N.V. Gumenyuk). Results. In patients with behavioral activity type A more frequent occurrence of diseases such as angina, hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, acute violation of cerebral circulation, type 2 diabetes than in persons with behavior type AB and B. Repeated hospitalizations for unstable blood pressure and unstable angina on the background of standard therapy in patients with type a behavior occur more often than in patients with type AB and B.
Left ventricle reconstruction in patients with ejection fraction less than 30% and left ventricle aneurysm of the 2 and 3 type according to L. Menicanti classification improves the quality of life
Authors: Bazylev Vladlen V. , Tungusov Dmitrij S. , Mikulyak Artur I. , Senzhapov Il'giz Ya.
Published: February 2021

Aim. To assess the quality of life (QOL) in patients with left ventricular reconstructions with an ejection fraction of less than 30%and left ventricle (LV) aneurysm of type 2 and 3 according to L. Menicanti. Materials and methods. The retrospective one-center study included 72 patients with left and right ventricular aneurysms of the second and third types according to the classification of L. Menicanti and an extremely reduced ejection fraction (less than 30%). The observation period was up to 33 months. The study included 61 (84%) men and 11 (16%) women, whose average age at the time of surgery was 58.2±9.2 years. All patients underwent LV reconstruction under CPB. Patients independently filled in the questionnaire before surgery. Repeated questionnaires were conducted no earlier than a year after the operation, in order to exc-lude the influence of possible complications associated with surgical access on the physical and mental health components. QOL was assessed using a standard SF-36 questionnaire. Results. According to the analysis, it was found that during the observation period of up to 33 months in patients, the "physical functioning" parameter is significantly lower than the initial value ( p =0.001). Also at a fairly high level the value of the indicator "body pain" is maintained, which is higher than the initial value ( p =0.001). According to other indicators, in patients with a low ejection fraction after reconstruction of the LV, an improvement in the QOL parameters was revealed. The mental and physical health of patients after reconstruction of the LV is significantly higher than the values before surgery. Results. Reconstruction of the LV in patients with LV aneurysm of type 2 and 3 according to L. Menicanti significantly improves the QOL of patients in such parameters as role-playing activity, general health, vitality, social functioning, emotional condition and mental health. A decrease in the indexed value of stroke volume of less than 23% is a predictor of a decrease in both physical and mental components of health.
Left ventricular geometric sportsmen power sports heavyweight with arterial hypertension
Authors: Miroshnikov Alexander B. , Smolensky Andrey V.
Published: February 2021

Aim.To conduct a comparative analysis of the geometry of the left ventricle (LV) at sportsmen heavyweight power sports with hypertension.

Material and methods.We examined 238 representatives of power sports (weightlifting, powerlifting, bodybuilding) with an average body weight of 102.76.4 kg and arterial blood pressure at rest: systolic blood pressure 157.45,6, diastolic blood pressure 91.25.3. Along with the examination, all examined athletes underwent: bioimpedansometry, standard resting electrocardiogram, two-fold measurement of blood pressure, transthoracic echocardiography.

Results.A survey of 238 weightlifting athletes of heavy weight categories with arterial hypertension showed an increased fat component in powerlifters (SAT 31.83.3%; BMI 34.41.3 kg/m2; Fat Mass Index 10.91,1 kg/m2; Fat-to-Muscle Ratio 0.50.1) and a sufficiently large muscle component: bodybuilding Fat Free Mass Index (FFMI) 26.92.1 kg/m2; powerlifting FFMI 23.51.6 kg/m2and weightlifting FFMI 23.71.8 kg/m2. The examination also showed a violation of the geometry of the LV. For athlete powerlifters, the following LV parameters were noted: LVMM 270.228.7 g; LVMI 123.77.9 g/m2; RWTLV 0.460.03 sm. For representatives of weightlifting; LVMM 267.832.3 g; LVMI 121.48.6 g/m2; RWTLV 0.450.02 sm. For bodybuilder athletes: LVMM 271.418.9 g; LVMI 120.16.3 g/m2; RWTLV 0.300.01 sm.

Conclusion.Thus, the patterns obtained in relation to the geometry of the heart of athletes of power sports, heavy weight categories with arterial hypertension, can serve as a scientific basis for the formation of some aspects of the preventive program of physical rehabilitation with a priority focus on risk groups in such men.
A case of acute myocardial infarction in a patient with congenital atresia of the left coronary artery
Authors: Evdokimova Anna G. , Popov Vladimir V. , Shuiskaya Olga A. , Mikhailova Irina S.
Published: February 2021

A clinical example of a rare pathology is presented a congenital anomaly of the coronary arteries, namely, atresia of the trunk of the left coronary artery in a young patient of 40 years old. This pathology was asymptomatic and was suddenly manifested by the development of acute myocardial infarction in a patient with a single right coronary artery. Clinical, laboratory and instrumental research methods using modern technologies are described in detail. In the article, the authors discuss the genesis of the development of acute coronary syndrome, due to a possible connection with the activation of cytomegalovirus infection.
Comparison of the results in Normal Flow High Gradient and Low Flow Low Gradient patients after correction of pronounced aortic stenosis with Ozaki procedure in the long-term observation
Authors: Bazylev Vladlen V. , Tungusov Dmitrii S. , Babukov Ruslan M. , Bartosh Fedor L. , Mikulyаk Artur I. , Gorshkova Alena V.
Published: February 2021

Relevance.It has been proven that patients with Low Flow Low Gradient (LFLG) after aortic valve replacement with biological or mechanical prostheses have a higher mortality rate and the number of adverse events compared with patients with Normal Flow High Gradient (NFHG). However, there are currently no comparative studies of patients with NFHG and LFLG after the Ozaki procedure. The better hemodynamic properties of autopericardial cusps compared with biological prostheses can more favorably influence the results in patients with LFLG in the short and long-term follow-up periods.

Aim.1. Compare the hospit and long-term results of patients of the LFLG group with the results of patients of the NFHG group after the Ozaki procedure. 2. Identify predictors of hospital and long-term mortality in patients with LFLG.

Materials and methods.All patients have been divided into two groups. Group 1: 137 patients with NFHG and signs of classic aortic stenosis: AVA1 cm2, Gmean40, SV index 35 ml/m2and normal left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction. Group 2. 71 patients with LFLG and underestimation of the average gradient indices (Gmean40) despite a decrease in the aortic valve aperture AVA1 cm2amid a decrease in the index of stroke volume 35 ml/m2and LV systolic function.

Results.Hospital mortality after surgical correction of AV stenosis was significantly higher in patients of group 2: 3 (4.2%) patients and 1 (0.7%) patients, respectively (p=0.002). Survival at the maximum follow-up period for patients with LFLG was significantly lower than in the group of patients with NFHG 88.6 (95% confidence interval CI 4449.6) and 97.8 (95% CI 48.951), respectively (p=0.009). According to the results of the Cox regression analysis, the independent predictors of mortality in the long-term follow-up of patients with LFLG are the SV odds ratio 0.8 (95% CI 0.91.1);p=0.008 and the global longitudinal LV deformation (GLS) odds ratio 0.56 (95% CI 0.471.1);p=0.01.

Conclusions.1. After the Ozaki procedure, patients with the LFLG group have higher risks of adverse events, both at the hospital stage and in the long-term follow-up, compared to patients with NFHG. 2. The duration of ischemia and LV mass are predictors of hospital mortality in the LFLG group of patients. 3. Predictors of long-term mortality in patients with LFLG are LV stroke volume index and global longitudinal LV deformation.
Statins and diabetes: focus on pitavastatin
Authors: Urazgildeeva Soreiia A.
Published: February 2021

In this review, the focus is to investigate the effects of long-term statin therapy on glucose metabolism. The author analyzed the evidences of randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and experimental studies indicating the diabetogenic effect of the most of statins. Possible mechanisms of influence of statins on carbohydrate metabolism are presented. Particular attention is paid to the place of pitavastatin, due to its low diabetogenicity and minimal risk of drug interactions, as well as the need of taking into consideration the risk factors of diabetes and the preventive measures in patients receiving statin therapy.
Hemodynamic and endotheliym-protective effects of beta-blockers in patients with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation ischemic origin
Authors: Zakirova Aliara N. , Abdiukova Elvina R. , Viktorov Vitalii V. , Zakirova Nelli E. , Nizamova Dinara F.
Published: February 2021

Aim.To evaluate the effect ofb-blockers (BB) on myocardial remodeling and endothelial adhesive function in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) of ischemic origin.

Material and methods.The study included 77 patients with functional class IIIII CHF and AF who had previously suffered a large-focalQ-myocardial infarction. Patients were randomized into 2 groups, comparable in clinical and instrumental characteristics and homogeneous in basic therapy of CHF and AF. Group 1 included 40 patients who took carvedilol for 24 weeks as part of the basic therapy of CHF and AF, and group 2 included 37 patients who received metoprolol tartrate. We used clinical and instrumental (echocardiography, 6-minute walking test, clinical assessment scale) and enzyme immunoassay (analysis of the level of soluble molecules of intercellular adhesion sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin) research methods.

Results.The use of carvedilol a non-cardioselective BB that performsa1,b1andb2-adrenoblockade, andb1-selective, short- acting BB metoprolol tartrate as part of basic therapy improved the clinical condition and physical performance of patients with CHF and AF. It was found that carvedilol more significantly than metoprolol affects the state of intracardiac hemodynamics, slows down the processes of remodeling of the left atrium and left ventricle, increases the contractile function of the myocardium. Carvedilol as part of basic therapy reduces endothelial adhesion and inhibits the overexpression of intercellular adhesion molecules sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin, and when using metoprolol tartrate, there is only a tendency to decrease these indicators.

Conclusion.Carvedilol as part of the basic therapy of CHF and AF has significant endothelial-protective and clinical-hemodynamic effects, positively affects the adhesive function of the endothelium and the processes of left atrium and left ventricle remodeling.
Terms of admission to the hospital and performing endovascular procedures in patients with acute myocardial infarction without ST segment elevation in real clinical practice
Authors: Rafaeli Ionatan R. , Kireeva Alexandra Iu. , Chernysheva Irina E. , Kostyanov Igor Y. , Tsereteli Nino V. , Azarov Alexey V. , Stepanov Alexandr V. , Semitko Sergei P.
Published: February 2021

Aim. To find out the relationship of the severity of patients condition, with acute myocardial infarction without ST segment elevation (NSTEMI), upon admission to the hospital on the basis of the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) scale with the time interval between the onset of the disease and up to hospitalization (painhospitalization), and to clarify the effect of the GRACE score on the time interval to endovascular procedures (EVP) doorballoon, in real clinical practice.
Material and methods. The study included 421 NSTEMI patients. Patients were admitted between 2000 and 2017. All patients underwent coronary angiography followed by EVP. Depending on the clinical condition, at admitted to the hospital, patients were divided into risk groups on the GRACE scale. According to the indicators painhospitalization and doorballoon 3 time intervals were allocated: 6 hours, 624 and 24 hours.
Results. At admission, 73.9% (311) patients had an average and high risk on the GRACE scale. Patients with high risk were significantly more often (49.6%) hospitalized during the first 6 hours after onset of the disease than later (p0.05). 2/3 of all patients and 3/4 of patients with high risk had the time interval of painhospitalization up to 24 hours. 51.8% patients in the total group and 65.8% among high-risk patients had a doorballoon interval up to 6 hours. During first 24 hours after hospitalization EVP was successfully completed on 90.7% of patients. One patient had a fatal outcome. At discharge none of the patients were observed the symptoms of angina pectoris and congestive heart failure.
Conclusion. In the all group, according to the allocated time intervals painhospitalization, patients were distributed practically equally. The severity of the condition of the studied patients is indicated by the fact that almost 3/4 of them had a high and average risk on the GRACE scale. It is encouraging that in the first 6 hours from the onset of the disease, high-risk patients were significantly more often hospitalized. Almost 2/3 of high-risk patients and more than half of all patients had a doorballoon indicator-up to 6 hours. It is important that in the first 24 hours, successful EVP was performed in 90.7% of patients. Thus, our results (low mortality, absence of angina and heart failure after EVP) indicate the correct management and treatment of NSTEMI patients, which is close to the latest world recommendations, comes from real life circumstances and can be recommended for real clinical practice.
The role of matrix metalloproteinases in the myocardial remodeling
Authors: Bazylev Vladlen V. , Kanaeva Tatyana V.
Published: February 2021

The main structural event in the development of heart failure is the myocardial remodeling. The extracellular matrix, that was knows as, considered an inert framework of cardiomyocytes, plays an important role in cardiac remodeling. The enzyme system, primarily responsible for the degradation of the extracellular matrix, is a matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). This review examines the evidence for the participation of MMP in the myocardial remodeling and recent studies of MMP as prognostic markers. Regulation of induction and/or activation of MMP are potential therapeutic targets.
The effect of hemodialysis on echocardiographic parameters and on supraventricular cardiac arrhythmias
Authors: Likhachev-Mishchenko Oleg V. , Kornienko Alexey A. , Khaisheva Larisa A. , Duzhikova Anastasia V. , Kornienko Natalia A. , Kadyan Eduard G. , Dyuzhikov Alexander A. , Shlyk Sergey V.
Published: February 2021

Relevance. Supraventricular arrhythmias are frequent comorbid conditions in patients with end-stage renal failure undergoing dialysis. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in this group of patients is higher than in the general population and is associated with increased mortality.
Aim. To analyze the effect of a dialysis session on echocardiographic parameters and to assess their relationship with the occurrence of supraventricular arrhythmias and AF during hemodialysis.
Material and methods. The study included 78 patients on hemodialysis. All patients underwent Holter electrocardiography monitoring, taking into account the heart rate before and after dialysis, the number and duration of AF episodes associated with the dialysis session. Using echocardiography, which was performed before and after the dialysis procedure, all patients were also evaluated for the presence of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, impaired systolic and diastolic function, as well as LV myocardial mass, sizes of the left atrium, its volume, volume of the right atrium and LV ejection fraction.
Results. An analysis of the differences in echocardiographic parameters before and after dialysis showed a significantly larger volume of the left atrium, the volume of the right atrium, the width of the inferior vena cava, and the parameter P(early transmitral velocity) before dialysis compared with the state after dialysis. Also, AF paroxysms were recorded much more frequently after dialysis. The volume of the left atrium 32 mm and the right atrium 30 mm (limit values) were observed much more often in patients before dialysis. A relationship was found between an increased number of paroxysms of atrial fibrillation and a decrease in the volume of the right atrium 5 mm and the left atrium 7 mm after dialysis. No correlation was found between the mass of the LV and the volume of the left atrium.
Conclusions. 1. The age and duration of dialysis therapy in hemodialysis patients are associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation. 2. A decrease in the volumes of the right and left atriums after the hemodialysis procedure has a positive correlation with paroxysmal AF. 3. The hemodialysis procedure leads to a decrease in the volumes of the right and left atriums, as well as the width of the inferior vena cava and a decrease in the speed of movement of the mitral valve in early diastole. 4. No relationship was found between the volume of the left atrium and the mass of the LV myocardium in patients on hemodialysis.
Quality of life after surgical treatment of mitral heart disease
Authors: Bazylev Vladlen V. , Nemchenko Evgeniy V. , Abramova Galina N. , Kanaeva Tаtyana V. , Karnakhin Vаdim A.
Published: February 2021

Aim. To evaluate long-term quality of life (QOL) of patients after surgical treatment of mitral valve disease depending on the types of surgical intervention, to identify predictors of a lower QOL after surgery.
Material and methods. A single-center retrospective study involved 107 patients after isolated correction of primary non-ischemic mitral valve (MV) pathology, who were operated on from 2009 to 2016, and analyzed their long-term QOL. The follow-up period was from 2 to 6 years. 2 groups of patients were formed: the 1st group (n=60) patients who underwent mitral valve replacement (MVR); the 2nd group (n=47) patients who underwent mitral valve repair (MVRep). There were no statistically significant differences between the main clinical and demographic characteristics in reference to the groups. The SF-36 questionnaire was used for studying QOL.
Results. The indicators of QOL approach the average population levels in both groups. In group MVRep Physical Functioning PF (p=0.02 and 0.01), Bodily Pain BP (p=0.04), Vitality VT (p=0.01) and Social Functioning SF (p=0.001) are higher. There are improvements in physical and mental health components after surgery. Mental and physical components are lower than in the normal population but they dont go beyond average populations indicators. Mental health in the MVRep group is better than in the MVR group (p=0.01). Female gender, dilatation of the left atrium (every 1 mm before surgery), older age (every year) increased the probability of lower QOL in the long term by 84, 11 and 8% respectively.
Conclusion. Long-term QOL of patients after surgical treatment of mitral valve disease improves both after valve repair and after valve replacement. After MVRep Physical Functioning, Bodily Pain, Vitality and Social Functioning indicators are higher. There are improvements in physical and mental health components. Psychological component of health is higher in patients in the MVRep-group. Female gender, dilatation of the left atrium, older age increase the probability of lower QOL in the long term after mitral valve surgery.
Rehabilitation after new coronavirus infection (COVID-19): principles and approaches
Authors: Bubnova Marina G. , Persiyanova-Dubrova Anna L. , Lyamina Nadezhda P. , Aronov David M.
Published: February 2021

The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19), which quickly became a pandemic in 2020, has presented new challenges for healthcare system. COVID-19, being a contagious infectious disease predominantly affects respiratory system, causes cardiovascular, neurocognitive, renal, gastrointestinal, hepatic, metabolic and mental damages, which is in fact a multisystem disease. Patients with COVID-19, primarily with moderate and severe forms, need appropriate rehabilitation. This article establishes need of development of rehabilitation programs for COVID-19 patients, identifies their problems that leads to restrictions on everyday life, self-service, mobility, communication, interpersonal relationships, and professional activities. Goals and general principles of medical rehabilitation in context of a pandemic at all three stages are presented. Features of rehabilitation approaches are highlighted and important components of individual rehabilitation program for COVID-19 patients are highlighted.
Gerçekliğin Yeniden İnşası: Arap-İsrail Normalleşmesinin Orta Doğu Basınında Çerçevelenmesi
Authors: AKDOĞAN İsmail , UĞUŞ Mikail , YILMAZ Muzaffer Musab
Published: February 2021

Bu çalışma, özü itibariyle Arap-İsrail normalleşmesinin Orta Doğu basınında hangi çerçevelerle kamuoyuna sunulduğunu incelemektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, bölge basınının bu normalleşme girişimini çerçeveleme biçiminde yer alan benzerlik ve farklılıkları belirlemek ve gözlemlenen çerçeveleme biçimi ile ülkelerin dış politika çizgileri arasında nedensel bir ilişkinin olup olmadığını ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışma, “çerçeveleme” yaklaşımını kavramsal zemin olarak almaktadır. Araştırma sürecinde veri toplama tekniği olarak nitel yöntem benimsenmekte, verilerin tahlili ise söylem analizi tekniğiyle yapılmaktadır. Araştırmanın kapsamı, ortak bildirinin imzalandığı 13 Ağustos 2020 ile İbrahim Anlaşması’nın imzalandığı 15 Eylül 2020 tarihleri arasında dört bölgesel güç Türkiye, Suudi Arabistan, İran ve Mısır basınında Arap-İsrail normalleşmesine dair haberlerin incelenmesinden ibarettir. Araştırmanın ana argümanı, Arap-İsrail normalleşmesinin Orta Doğu basınında yeniden inşa edilerek farklı çerçevelerle sunulduğu ve bölgesel güçlerin dış politika çizgilerinin haber çerçeveleme biçimini belirlediği yönündedir.
A pedagogia de Valdeci: lutas e papel sociopolítico de uma professora quilombola no Sertão de Pernambuco
Authors: Rosiclaudia dos Santos Maria , Silva Whodson
Published: February 2021

O trabalho destaca as lutas e trajetória sociopolítica de Valdeci Ana dos Santos Nascimento enquanto mulher, professora e liderança do Quilombo Poço dos Cavalos em Itacuruba, Sertão de Pernambuco. A compreensão do lugar desta na luta por direitos específicos e diferenciados para sua comunidade provoca, ao mesmo tempo, a reflexão de sua história de vida e importância pedagógica no processo de organização sociopolítica do grupo. Minha condição de mulher, professora e quilombola, faz com que eu considere minhas próprias percepções e vivências, o que conforma uma importante dimensão metodológica na construção deste trabalho. O quilombo Poço dos Cavalos busca a autonomia local e luta por seus próprios espaços de interação no campo: o território tradicionalmente ocupado e uma escola nesse território. É nesse contexto que as mulheres, como Valdeci, têm sido as diretamente envolvidas na organização do movimento quilombola no Sertão de Pernambuco, lutando por direitos e justiça social.
Antropologia e educação quilombola: etnicidade e mediação
Authors: Gusmão Neusa
Published: February 2021

uma no estado de São Paulo e outra no estado do Rio de Janeiro, a título de exemplos da luta por educação específica e diferenciada, ou seja, a luta por uma educação quilombola. Pretende-se considerar em tais contextos, a questão da etnicidade e da mediação para evidenciar as experiências vividas que se revelam como aprendizagens em contextos de mudanças sociais e políticas que se fazem necessárias no campo da luta pela terra e por direitos específicos.
El camino es árduo y está sembrado de peligros: los warao del Delta del Orinoco
Authors: González Muñoz Jenny
Published: February 2021

La cosmovisión indígena se constituye en parte de la tradición oral del pueblo, teniendo una continua vigencia por medio de la transmisión de generación en generación, que si bien debe ser observada desde la perspectiva de la diferenciación entre las versiones existentes y por existir, es parte esencial en la memoria social del pueblo, bien sea en el soporte oral como en el lugar de la memoria escrita a la manera occidental. El presente ensayo se enfoca en el análisis del mito de origen conocido como “La aparición de los warao”, “Buen Brazo” o “Jarayaquera”, de la etnia warao (Delta del Orinoco, Venezuela) en dos versiones, y la perspectiva indígena de realidades y eternidades que se desprenden de dicha etnohistoria en el ámbito contemporáneo.
Acción combinada de la lisozima con varios antibióticos y quimioterápicos
Authors: Naranjo Plutarco , De Moreno JC
Published: February 2021

En ensayos in vitro se investigó si la lisozima aumenta la actividad antibacteriana de varios quimioterápicos y antibióticos. En una serie de experiencias se utilizó el sistema de "discos" y en otroa, el de cultivo de las bacterias en medios líquidos apropiados a los que se agregaron las drogas. En el primer caso el efecto antibacteriano se evaluó en términos de diámetro del área de inhibición y en el segundo, como concentración mínima efectiva para inhibir completamente el desarrollo bacteriano. Se encontró que la lisozima potencializa el efecto de las sulfamidas tanto sobre bacterias Gram positivas como sobre Gram negativas, de la colhnicina sobre gérmenes Gram negarivos y del grupo de derivados tetraciclínicos asó como de la streptomicina, sobre gérmenes Gram positivos y negativos. La penicilina, el cloranfenicol y otros agentes antibacterianos no fueron potencializados en su efecto por la lisozima.
Muerte súbita por ruptura de aneurisma de arteria pulmonar
Authors: Moreano Marcelo , Herdoiza Marco
Published: February 2021

Se describe un caso clínico consistente en una cardiopatía congénita, de evolución crónica que permitió al paciente llegar a la edad adulta. Las manifestaciones clínicas llevaron al diagnóstico de un cortocircuito aortico-pulmonar, con hipertensión pulmonar, en función, primero, del flujo y luego de la resistencia, que condujo hacia una dilatación aneurímática de la arteria pulmonar. Su ruptura, confirmada por autopsia, produjo la muerte del paciente.