bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sonic hedgehog controls stem cell behavior in the postnatal and adult brain
Authors: Palma Verónica , Lim Daniel A. , Dahmane Nadia , Sánchez Pilar , Brionne Thomas C. , Herzberg Claudia D. , Gitton Yorick , Carleton Alan , Álvarez-Buylla Arturo , Altaba Ariel Ruiz i
Published: December 2004

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling controls many aspects of ontogeny,orchestrating congruent growth and patterning. During brain development, Shh regulates early ventral patterning while later on it is critical for the regulation of precursor proliferation in the dorsal brain, namely in the neocortex, tectum and cerebellum. We have recently shown that Shh also controls the behavior of cells with stem cell properties in the mouse embryonic neocortex, and additional studies have implicated it in the control of cell proliferation in the adult ventral forebrain and in the hippocampus. However, it remains unclear whether it regulates adult stem cell lineages in an equivalent manner. Similarly, it is not known which cells respond to Shh signaling in stem cell niches. Here we demonstrate that Shh is required for cell proliferation in the mouse forebrain's subventricular zone (SVZ) stem cell niche and for the production of new olfactory interneurons in vivo. We identify two populations of Gli1+ Shh signaling responding cells:GFAP+ SVZ stem cells and GFAP- precursors. Consistently,we show that Shh regulates the self-renewal of neurosphere-forming stem cells and that it modulates proliferation of SVZ lineages by acting as a mitogen in cooperation with epidermal growth factor (EGF). Together, our data demonstrate a critical and conserved role of Shh signaling in the regulation of stem cell lineages in the adult mammalian brain, highlight the subventricular stem cell astrocytes and their more abundant derived precursors as in vivo targets of Shh signaling, and demonstrate the requirement for Shh signaling in postnatal and adult neurogenesis.
Twisted gastrulation enhances BMP signaling through chordin dependent and independent mechanisms
Authors: Xie Jing , Fisher Shannon
Published: December 2004

BMP signaling is modulated by a number of extracellular proteins, including the inhibitor Chordin, Tolloid-related enzymes (Tld), and the interacting protein Twisted Gastrulation (Tsg). Although in vitro studies have demonstrated Chordin cleavage by Tld enzymes, its significance as a regulatory mechanism in vivo has not been established in vertebrates. In addition, Tsg has been reported in different contexts to either enhance or inhibit BMP signaling through its interactions with Chordin. We have used the zebrafish gastrula to carry out structure/function studies on Chordin, by making versions of Chordin partially or wholly resistant to Tld cleavage and introducing them into chordin-deficient embryos. We examined the cleavage products generated in vivo from wild-type and altered Chordins, and tested their efficacy as BMP inhibitors in the embryo. We demonstrate that Tld cleavage is crucial in restricting Chordin function in vivo, and is carried out by redundant enzymes in the zebrafish gastrula. We also present evidence that partially cleaved Chordin is a stronger BMP inhibitor than the full-length protein, suggesting a positive role for Tld in regulating Chordin. We find that depletion of the embryo for Tsg leads to decreased BMP signaling,and to increased levels of Chordin. Finally, we show that Tsg also enhances BMP signaling in the absence of Chordin, and its depletion can partially rescue the chordin mutant phenotype, demonstrating that important components of the BMP signaling pathway remain unidentified.
Development of three different cell types is associated with the activity of a specific MYB transcription factor in the ventral petal ofAntirrhinum majusflowers
Authors: Perez-Rodriguez Maria , Jaffe Felix W. , Butelli Eugenio , Glover Beverley J. , Martin Cathie
Published: December 2004

Petal tissue comprises several different cell types, which have specialised functions in pollination in different flowering plant species. In Antirrhinum majus, the MIXTA protein directs the formation of conical epidermal cells in petals. Transgenic experiments have indicated that MIXTA activity can also initiate trichome development, dependent on the developmental timing of its expression. MIXTA is normally expressed late in petal development and functions only in conical cell differentiation. However, an R2R3 MYB transcription factor very similar to MIXTA (AmMYBML1), which induces both trichome and conical cell formation in transgenic plants, is expressed very early during the development of the ventral petal. Its cellular expression pattern suggests that it fulfils three functions: trichome production in the corolla tube, conical cell development in the petal hinge epidermis and reinforcement of the hinge through differential mesophyll cell expansion. The DIVARICATA (DIV) gene is required for ventral petal identity. In div mutants, the ventral petal assumes the identity of lateral petals lacking these three specialised cell types, and expression of AmMYBML1 is significantly reduced compared with wild type, supporting the proposed role of AmMYBML1 in petal cell specification. We suggest that AmMYBML1 is regulated by DIV in association with the B-function proteins DEFICIENS and GLOBOSA, and,consequently, controls specification of particular cells within the ventral petal which adapt the corolla to specialised functions in pollination.
Age differences in interrogative suggestibility: a comparison between young and older adults
Authors: Polczyk Romuald , Wesołowska Bogumiła , Gabarczyk Agnieszka , Minakowska Iwona , Supska Magdalena , Bomba Ewa
Published: December 2004

Sixty‐six young adults (M age: 22.3, SD=3.3, range 18–35), and 43 older adults (M age: 64.1, SD=9.5, range 49–88) were compared on interrogative suggestibility, as measured by the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale. Participants listened to a story and were then asked suggestive questions. Afterwards, they were told that they had made a number of errors, and they were questioned once again. The number of accepted suggestions gives an index called Yield 1, and the number of answers changed after negative feedback gives an index called Shift. Older adults scored higher on Yield, but not on Shift. The participants also completed measures of memory performance (Wechsler Memory Scale), and a self‐assessment of memory (Memory Assessment Clinics Self‐Rating Scale). Regression analyses showed that memory performance and memory self‐assessment were independent predictors of yielding to suggestive questions in the group of older adults, when controlling for the effects of age. No reliable independent predictor was identified in any of the groups for Shift. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age, neuropsychological, and social cognitive measures as predictors of individual differences in susceptibility to the misinformation effect
Authors: Lee Kerry
Published: December 2004

This study examined the relationship between age, neuropsychological performance (indexed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, California Verbal Learning Test, the backward digit span and the verbal paired associates scale, VPA), social cognitive status (indexed by the Children's Social Desirability and the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale), and susceptibility to the misinformation effect (Loftus, Miller, & Burns, 1978) in 65 children and adolescents. The predictors accounted for 17% to 22% of variation in the misinformation effect. In particular, participants with better VPA scores were more susceptible to the effect. In a secondary analysis involving interrogative suggestibility, better VPA scores correlated with lower suggestibility. These findings show that better associative memory can be correlated with either higher or lower suggestibility depending on the way in which participants are misled. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Memory and suggestibility in older adults: live event participation and repeated interview
Authors: Mueller‐Johnson Katrin , Ceci Stephen J.
Published: December 2004

One hundred and thirteen young (mean age: 20.2 years) and older adults (mean age: 76.4 years) participated in an event that entailed various relaxation techniques, such as a body massage and aromatherapy. On two separate occasions several weeks following participation, half of each group was given misleading information about certain aspects of the event, including suggestions that they had been massaged on parts of their body which had not been touched. Results showed that older adults were disproportionately influenced by the presentation of erroneous suggestions. These findings add to the small but growing body of knowledge about the vulnerability of older eyewitnesses. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trisomy 13 due to rea(13q;13q) is caused by i(13) and not rob(13;13)(q10;q10) in the majority of cases
Authors: Bugge Merete , deLozier‐Blanchet Celia , Bak Mads , Brandt Carsten A. , Hertz Jens Michael , Nielsen Jytte Bieber , Duprez Laurance , Petersen Michael B.
Published: December 2004

We have used 20 PCR‐based DNA polymorphisms to determine whether trisomy 13 due to de novo rea(13q;13q) in six cases is caused by translocation (13q;13q) or isochromosome (13q;13q); to determine the parental origin of the rearrangements and the mechanisms of formation. The six probands were three liveborn children with clinical features characteristic of Patau's syndrome and three fetuses diagnosed prenatally by amniocentesis or CVS. Five cases were isochromosomes with two identical q arms, one of maternal and four of paternal origin. Only one case was a Robertsonian translocation of maternal origin. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tests for Monotonic Trend from Case‐Control Data: Cochran‐Armitage‐Mantel Trend Test, Isotonic Regression and Single and Multiple Contrast Tests
Authors: Leuraud K. , Benichou J.
Published: December 2004

Tests for a monotonic trend between an ordered categorical exposure and disease status are routinely carried out from case‐control data using the Mantel‐extension trend test or the asymptotically equivalent Cochran‐Armitage test. In this study, we considered two alternative tests based on isotonic regression, namely an order‐restricted likelihood ratio test and an isotonic modification of the Mantel‐extension test extending the recent proposal by Mancuso, Ahn and Chen (2001) to case‐control data. Furthermore, we considered three tests based on contrasts, namely a single contrast (SC) test based on Schaafsma's coefficients, the Dosemeci and Benichou (DB) test, a multiple contrast (MC) test based on the Helmert, reverse‐Helmert and linear contrasts and we derived their case‐control versions. Using simulations, we compared the statistical properties of these five alternative tests to those of the Mantel‐extension test under various patterns including no relationship, as well as monotonic and non‐monotonic relationships between exposure and disease status. In the case of no relationship, all tests had close to nominal type I error except in situations combining a very unbalanced exposure distribution and small sample size, where the asymptotic versions of the three tests based on contrasts were highly anticonservative. The use of bootstrap instead of asymptotic versions corrected this anticonservatism. For monotonic patterns, all tests had close powers. For non monotonic patterns, the DB‐test showed the most favourable results as it was the least powerful test. The two tests based on isotonic regression were the most powerful tests and the Mantel‐extension test, the SC‐ and MC‐tests had in‐between powers. The six tests were applied to data from a case‐control study investigating the relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of laryngeal cancer in Turkey. In situations with no evidence of a monotonic relationship between exposure and disease status, the three tests based on contrasts did not conclude in favour of a significant trend whereas all the other tests did. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Impact of thymectomy on the peripheral T cell pool in rhesus macaques before and after infection with simian immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Arron Sarah Tuttleton , Ribeiro Ruy M. , Gettie Agegnehu , Bohm Rudolph , Blanchard James , Yu Jian , Perelson Alan S. , Ho David D. , Zhang Linqi
Published: December 2004

The goal of this study was to define, by surgical removal of the thymus in juvenile rhesus macaques, the role of the thymus in peripheral T cell homeostasis and to assess the significance of thymic output in SIV infection. By monitoring the changes in phenotypic T cell markers as well as in the numbers of TCR excisional circles – a recently described marker for recent thymic emigrants – following thymectomy, we present evidence that surgical thymectomy in juvenile macaques results in a faster decay of peripheral CD4+ cells, but does not cause a substantial shift in CD45RA+ and CD45RA– populations. We were able to measure a thymic output of 0.32% and 0.21% per day of CD4+ and CD8+ cells, respectively. No compensatory extra‐thymic source was detected in lymphoid tissues, although there was a small compensatory increase in T cell proliferation in the peripheral T cell pool. After SIV infection, thymectomized animals did not have higher viral loads, greater T cell decay, or faster disease progression. We therefore conclude that peripheral destructive processes, rather than a loss of thymic output, appear to be the main causes of T cell depletion in SIV infection.

See accompanying Commentary: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200425643
T cell receptor‐induced lipid raft recruitment of the IκB kinase complex is necessary and sufficient for NF‐κB activation occurring in the cytosol
Authors: Sebald Andrea , Mattioli Ivan , Schmitz M. Lienhard
Published: December 2004

TCR‐induced NF‐κB activation is necessary for the innate immune response and involves induced lipid raft recruitment of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex. In this study, we systematically investigated lipid raft recruitment of members of the NF‐κB activation pathway in human T cells. All upstream components leading to IKK activation were found constitutively or inducibly in lipid rafts, while the NF‐κB/IκB complex and phosphorylated forms of IKKα/β, IκBα and p65 are exclusively found in the cytosolic fraction. Disruption of raft organization precluded NF‐κB activation induced by T cell costimulation, but IL‐1‐triggered NF‐κB activation remained unaffected. Targeting of the IKK complex to lipid rafts caused constitutive IKK activation and NF‐κB DNA binding, which was further triggered upon T cell costimulation. Various experimental approaches revealed that costimulation‐induced IKKα/β activation loop phosphorylation is independent from IKKβ‐mediated transautophosphorylation, but rather involves phosphorylation by the IKK‐interacting protein NIK and its upstream activator COT.
Contemporaneous fluctuations in T cell responses to persistent herpes virus infections
Authors: Crough Tania , Burrows Jacqueline M. , Fazou Chrysa , Walker Susan , Davenport Miles P. , Khanna Rajiv
Published: December 2004

The classical paradigm for T cell dynamics suggests that the resolution of a primary acute virus infection is followed by the generation of a long‐lived pool of memory T cells that is thought to be highly stable. Very limited alteration in this repertoire is expected until the immune system is re‐challenged by reactivation of latent viruses or by cross‐reactive pathogens. Contradicting this view, we show here that the T cell repertoire specific for two different latent herpes viruses in the peripheral blood displayed significant contemporaneous co‐fluctuations of virus‐specific CD8+ T cells. The coordinated responses to two different viruses suggest that the fluctuations within the T cell repertoire may be driven by sub‐clinical viral reactivation or a more generalized ‘bystander’ effect. The later contention was supported by the observation that, while absolute number of CD3+ T cells and their subsets and also the cell surface phenotype of antigen‐specific T cells remained relatively constant, a loss of CD62L expression in the total CD8+ T cell population was coincident with the expansion of tetramer‐positive virus‐specific T cells. This study demonstrates that the dynamic process of T cell expansion and contractions in persistent viral infections is not limited to the acute phase of infection, but also continues during the latent phase of infection.
Specificity, magnitude, and kinetics of MOG‐specific CD8+ T cell responses during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Ford Mandy L. , Evavold Brian D.
Published: December 2004

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has traditionally been thought to be almost exclusively mediated by CD4+ effector T cells. Here, we provide evidence for the existence of mouse CD8+ T cells that are specific for an epitope of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). Using a panel of truncated MOG peptides, we have identified the minimal epitope recognized by these T cells as MOG 37–46. This peptide, while possessing relatively low affinity for H‐2Db, efficiently stimulates IFN‐γ production from MOG‐specific CD8+ T cell lines in vitro and induces EAE in vivo. To further characterize the magnitude and kinetics of expansion of the MOG‐specific CD8+ T cell population in vivo, we used MOG 37–50/H‐2Db MHC tetramers to visualize MOG‐specific CD8+ effectors in the peripheral lymphoid organs and central nervous system during the course of EAE induction and progression. Our results identify MOG‐specific CD8+ T cells in the central nervous system prior to and after the onset of disease, suggesting that CD8+ T cells are a possible target for therapeutic intervention during EAE.
Synthesis of Group 14 Metal Enamido, Alkenyl, Imido and Alkenyl‐Amido Complexes from a Monoanionic Pyridyl‐1‐azaallyl Ligand
Authors: Leung Wing‐Por , So Cheuk‐Wai , Wu Yuen‐Sze , Li Hung‐Wing , Mak Thomas C. W.
Published: December 2004

The reactivity of the lithium pyridyl‐1‐azaallyl complex [Li{N(SiMe3)C(Ph)C(R)(C5H4N‐2)}]2 [R = SiMe3 (1) or H (10)] with group 14 metal halides has been studied under various conditions. It undergoes a salt‐elimination reaction with MCl2 (M = Ge, Sn or Pb) to form [Ge{C(C5H4N‐2)C(Ph)N(SiMe3)2}{N(SiMe3)C(Ph)C(SiMe3)(C5H4N‐2)}] (2), [M{N(SiMe3)C(Ph)C(SiMe3)(C5H4N‐2)}2] [M = Sn (3), Pb (4)], and [M{N(SiMe3)C(Ph)C(SiMe3)(C5H4N‐2)}Cl] [M = Ge (5), Sn (6), Pb (7)], where the azaaalyl moiety acts as a monodentate ligand. However, the reaction of 1 with GeCl4 or HSiCl3 forms [Ge{C(C5H4N‐2)C(Ph)N(SiMe3)}Cl2]2 (8) or [{(C5H4N‐2)C(SiMe3)C(Ph)N}(μ‐SiHCl)]2 (9), respectively, by elimination of both the lithium salt and Me3SiCl; the reaction of 10 with GeCl4 gives [{(C5H4N‐2)C(H)C(Ph)N}(μ‐GeCl2)]2 (11) in a similar manner. X‐ray structural analysis of compounds 2−5, 7−9 and 11 showed that the pyridyl‐1‐azaallyl ligand bonds to the metal center in enamido, alkenyl, alkenylamido, and imido bonding modes. A mechanism for the formation of these compounds is proposed and discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Asymmetric Cyclopropanation of Optically Active (1‐Diethoxyphosphoryl)vinyl p‐Tolyl Sulfoxide with Sulfur Ylides: A Rationale for Diastereoselectivity
Authors: Midura Wanda H. , Krysiak Jerzy A. , Cypryk Marek , Mikołajczyk Marian , Wieczorek Michał W. , Filipczak Agnieszka D.
Published: December 2004

The title sulfoxide (S)‐(+)‐1a was found to react with sulfur ylides affording the corresponding cyclopropanes in high yields. With fully deuterated dimethyl(oxo)sulfonium methylide, (CD3)2S(O)CD2, the cyclopropanation reaction occurred in a highly diastereoselective manner producing the cyclopropane 4a‐d2 as a major diastereomer in which the newly formed quaternary α‐carbon atom is chiral due to isotopic substitution (CH2 vs. CD2). The diastereomer 4b‐d2, having the opposite configuration at the α‐carbon atom, was obtained starting form the 2,2‐dideuterio substituted vinyl sulfoxide, (S)‐(+)‐1a‐d2, and the nondeuterated ylide. The diastereomeric ratio in both reactions was found to be ca. 10:1. The reaction of (S)‐(+)‐1a with diphenylsulfonium isopropylide yielded the cyclopropane (+)‐7 as a single diastereomer. X‐ray structural studies of the crystalline 1‐phosphorylvinyl sulfoxide 9 as well as density functional calculations (B3LYP/6‐31G*) on (1‐phosphoryl)vinyl sulfoxides revealed the origin of the experimentally observed diastereoselectivities and allowed us to propose a transition state model for the cyclopropanation reaction of chiral 1‐phosphorylvinyl sulfoxides. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Advanced numerical simulation of heat transfer problems
Authors: Ikegawa Masahiro , Kaiho Masayuki , Hayasaka Atsushi
Published: December 2004

This paper describes two kinds of practical numerical techniques for heat transfer problems. One is a parallel large eddy simulation technique with heat transfer using tetrahedral finite elements and the other is the Voxel method using a uniform grid combined with the discrete element method for liquid–solid two‐phase flow problems. These two approaches are taken to be the candidates for the practical use of large‐scale heat transfer analysis for various kinds of problems. The former can reduce the overall computing time in performing a large‐scale heat transfer analysis through the combined use of an automatic mesh generation software, and the latter is very useful and efficient to analyse a complicated heat transfer phenomena such as a liquid–solid two‐phase flow in a fluidized bed. Numerical examples for both approaches show fairly good agreement with experimental results and these two methods are demonstrated to be powerful tools for analysing large‐scale and complicated heat transfer problems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
β‐Catenin (CTNNB1) gene amplification: A new mechanism of protein overexpression in cancer
Authors: Suriano Gianpaolo , Vrcelj Nikoleta , Senz Janine , Ferreira Paulo , Masoudi Hamid , Cox Kelley , Nabais Sergio , Lopes Carlos , Machado José Carlos , Seruca Raquel , Carneiro Fatima , Huntsman David G.
Published: December 2004

β‐Catenin nuclear translocation is frequently observed in different types of malignancies, including gastric cancer. In gastric cancer, however, the molecular mechanisms leading to accumulation of this protein in the nucleus remain unknown. In this setting, β‐catenin (CTNNB1) mutations have been reported, but studies of mutation frequency have yielded conflicting results. Mutations or silencing of other partners of β‐catenin (i.e., APC and AXIN) are also considered rare genetic events in gastric tumorigenesis. Gene amplification is a common mechanism of activation and/or overexpression of oncogenes in gastric and other cancers. In this study, we investigated whether gene amplification is a possible mechanism of β‐catenin activation in gastric cancer by determining its presence in 49 patients with gastric cancer and two gastric‐derived cell lines (KATO III and ST2957). Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we identified β‐catenin amplification in one of the tumor samples as well as in KATO III cells. β‐Catenin immunostaining revealed nuclear translocation of the protein in both cases. In the KATO III cells, β‐catenin overexpression was confirmed by quantitative real‐time PCR and Western blot analyses and β‐catenin gene amplification by Southern blot analysis and multiplex ligation probe amplification. In the KATO III cell line, no correlation was found between β‐catenin nuclear translocation and increased expression of the WNT1 target gene CCND1 (cyclin D1). Our data suggest that gene amplification is a possible mechanism of β‐catenin overexpression in cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dietary flavonols and flavonol‐rich foods intake and the risk of breast cancer
Authors: Adebamowo Clement A. , Cho Eunyoung , Sampson Laura , Katan Martijn B. , Spiegelman Donna , Willett Walter C. , Holmes Michelle D.
Published: December 2004

Laboratory and animal studies suggest that dietary flavonols may reduce breast cancer risk but there are limited epidemiological studies. We computed flavonol intakes from dietary data collected by validated food frequency questionnaires in 1991 and 1995 from 90,630 women in the Nurses Health Study II. Using multivariate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), we evaluated the association of flavonol intake with breast cancer risk in women who were premenopausal and aged between 26 and 46 years at baseline in 1991. During 8 years of follow‐up, we documented 710 cases of invasive breast cancer. The multivariate RR (95% CI), comparing highest to lowest quintiles of cumulative average intake, was 1.05 (0.83, 1.34; p‐value for test of trend = 0.96) for the sum of flavonols and there were no associations seen between individual flavonols such as kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin and breast cancer risk. The multivariate RR (95% CI), comparing highest to lowest quintiles of cumulative average intake, was 0.94 (0.72, 1.22; p‐value for test of trend = 0.54) for sum of flavonol‐rich foods. Among the major food sources of flavonols, we found a significant inverse association with intake of beans or lentils but not with tea, onions, apples, string beans, broccoli, green pepper and blueberries. The multivariate RR (95% CI), comparing the highest category (2 or more times a week) of cumulative average beans or lentils intake with the lowest category (less than once a month), was 0.76 (0.57, 1.00; p‐value for test of trend = 0.03). While we found no overall association between intake of flavonols and risk of breast cancer, there was an inverse association with intake of beans or lentils that merits further evaluation. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteomic analysis of nipple aspirate fluid using SELDI‐TOF‐MS
Authors: Sauter Edward R. , Shan Sumei , Hewett John E. , Speckman Paul , Du Bois Garrett C.
Published: December 2004

Proteomic analysis of body fluids, including breast nipple aspirate fluid (NAF), holds promise to aid in early cancer detection. We conducted a prospective trial that collected NAF from women scheduled for diagnostic breast surgery to determine 1) the consistency of proteomic results, 2) protein masses associated with breast cancer, 3) subsets of women with a unique proteomic profile and 4) a breast cancer predictive model. NAF was collected preoperatively in 114 women and analyzed by SELDI‐TOF mass spectrometry over a 3–50 kDa range using H4, NP and SAX ProteinChips. For all 3 chips, the same protein peaks were detected over 90% of the time in duplicate samples. The overall coefficient of variation was ≤ 0.17% for each chip for the internal standard and ≤ 0.29% for the unknown proteins. Seven candidate protein ion masses frequently expressed in NAF were identified. Three (5,200‐H4, p=.04, 11,880‐H4, p=.07 and 13,880 Da‐SAX, p=.03) were differentially expressed in women with/without breast cancer. Protein expression differed between women with/without pathologic nipple discharge (PND), but the 5,200, 11,880 and 13,880 proteins remained associated with breast cancer even if PND samples were excluded. Subset analysis identified differences in expression between benign disease and DCIS and between DCIS and invasive cancer for the 5,200 and 33,400 Da proteins. The best cancer detection model included age, parity and the 11,880 Da protein, and excluded women with PND. 1) NAF proteomic analysis using SELDI‐TOF is reproducible with the same sample set across different platforms, 2) differential proteomic expression exists between women/without breast cancer and 3) combining proteomic and clinical information that are available before surgery optimizes the prediction of which women have breast cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retracted: Transactivation of the CCL5/RANTES gene by Epstein‐Barr virus latent membrane protein 1
Authors: Uchihara Jun‐Nosuke , Krensky Alan M. , Matsuda Takehiro , Kawakami Hirochika , Okudaira Taeko , Masuda Masato , Ohta Takao , Takasu Nobuyuki , Mori Naoki
Published: December 2004

Retraction: The following article has been retracted through agreement between the first author and several coauthors, the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Peter Lichter, and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.: Uchihara JN, Krensky AM, Matsuda T, Kawakami H, Okudaira T, Masuda M, Ohta T, Takasu N, Mori N. (2006). Transactivation of the CCL5/RANTES gene by Epstein‐Barr virus latent membrane protein 1. Int J Cancer; 118 (February (5)): 747‐755 published online on 17 DEC 2004 in Wiley Online Library (www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com). After an investigation the retraction has been agreed due to inappropriate duplication of images and overlap with other published work.
Dietary patterns and risk of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Nkondjock André , Krewski Daniel , Johnson Kenneth C. , Ghadirian Parviz ,   Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group
Published: December 2004

To investigate associations between broad dietary patterns and pancreatic cancer risk, we conducted a case‐control study of 585 histologically confirmed pancreatic cancer cases and 4,779 population‐based controls in 8 Canadian provinces between 1994 and 1997. Dietary intake was assessed using a FFQ. Major dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. Unconditional logistic regression was used to describe associations between dietary pattern scores and risk of pancreatic cancer. Three dietary patterns were identified: Western, characterized by high intake of processed meats, sweets and desserts, refined grains and potatoes; fruits and vegetables, characterized by high intake of fresh fruits and cruciferous vegetables; drinker, characterized by high consumption of liquor, wine and beer. After adjustment for age, BMI, smoking, physical activity, province, educational attainment and total energy intake, the fruits and vegetables pattern was associated with a 49% reduction in pancreatic risk among men (OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.29–0.90, p = 0.004) when comparing the highest and lowest quartiles of dietary pattern scores. No significant relationship was observed with the Western and drinker patterns. Although the response rate for eligible, recruited subjects was relatively low, our results suggest that the fruits and vegetables dietary pattern reduces pancreatic cancer risk among men. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental model for observation of micromotion in cell culture
Authors: Lewandowska‐Szumieł Małgorzata , Sikorski Krzysztof , Szummer Andrzej , Komender Janusz , Kowalski Marcin , Daniels A. U.
Published: December 2004

It is known that the micromotion between implant and bone inhibits direct bone growth either on or into implant surfaces in vivo. Nevertheless, biocompatibility tests in vitro of biomaterials for bone/implant interfaces are mainly performed under static conditions. This work describes a dynamic, in vitro experimental simulation of the effect of mutual, small‐scale implant surface–tissue displacement on adhered cells. Disks of simulated tissue (PVP hydrogel) were subjected to cyclic micromotion ranging from 0 at the center to 1000 μm at the periphery at ∼ 13 Hz, relative to biomaterial surfaces or tissue culture polystyrene controls populated with human osteoblasts in standard tissue culture plate wells. The effect of the interfacial micromotion on the number of cells remaining attached was quantitated by XTT assay. The activity level of the remaining cells was determined by an alkaline phosphatase assay, and cell stress was evaluated by nitrogen assay. Significantly more cells (ANOVA) became detached from similarly prepared surfaces of titanium, hydroxyapatite, and alumina compared to the polystyrene control, and detachment from alumina was greater than for the other two materials. The activity of the remaining attached cells was lower as compared to the static (no micromotion) control but not significantly different among the biomaterials. All nitrogen assays were negative, suggesting minimal cell stress occurred. The method is proposed as a useful and discriminating in vitro tool for biocompatibility studies focused on cell adhesion to biomaterials under conditions related to those which exist at the implant/bone interface in vivo, and it allows subsequent studies of the still‐viable cells by other methods. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 72B: 379–387, 2005
Presurgical plasma exchange is ineffective in correcting amyloid associated factor X deficiency
Authors: Barker Brad , Altuntas Fevzi , Paranjape Geeta , Sarode Ravindra
Published: December 2004

In patients with rare factor deficiencies, for which no factor concentrates are available, plasma exchange (PE) is an option for raising the desired factor level to approximately 80% for surgery. We report a case of acquired factor X (FX) deficiency due to amyloidosis that required urgent surgical repair of an AV fistula aneurysm. This patient had a FX level of 3% at presentation; after 1.5 volume PE with fresh frozen plasma (FFP), his post‐exchange FX was only 5%, indicating rapid adsorption of FX to amyloid fibrils. He was managed successfully with FEIBA during surgery. J. Clin. Apheresis 19:208–210, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Registering the Amica electronic structure code in the Extensible Computational Chemistry Environment
Authors: Gdanitz Robert J. , Black Gary D. , Lansing Carina S. , Palmer Bruce J. , Schuchardt Karen L.
Published: December 2004

We describe the integration and use of the Amica software package (“Atoms & Molecules In Chemical Accuracy”) within the Extensible Computational Chemistry Environment (Ecce). Amica is capable of accurately solving the electronic Schrödinger equation of small atoms and molecules using terms that are linear in the interelectronic distances, r12, on multireference level of theory, but it requires expert knowledge to configure and execute its algorithms. Ecce is a comprehensive suite of tools that support the computational chemistry research processes of computation setup, execution, and analysis through a convenient graphical user interface. Additionally, Ecce was architected with mechanisms to integrate alternative electronic structure codes. The successful integration of Amica within Ecce validates the architecture of the latter and brings the high‐accuracy capabilities of Amica to a wider audience. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 214–225, 2005
Feedback to clinicians: Theory, research, and practice
Authors: Sapyta Jeffrey , Riemer Manuel , Bickman Leonard
Published: December 2004

Despite the dearth of consistent evidence for conventional feedback mechanisms in clinical practice, the primary methods of feedback for clinicians remain supervision and clinical experience. A new research approach, known as patient‐focused research, provides clinicians with direct feedback regarding a client's health status and relative progress in therapy. This article briefly reviews the relation of different types of feedback (i.e., supervision, clinical experience, feedback on client health status) to clinical outcome. In contrast to the mixed results for clinical experience and supervision, providing client health status feedback to clinicians significantly improves outcome, especially for clients who are not doing well in therapy. We conclude with a description of a model that provides insight into ways that feedback interventions can work best for professionals. Characteristics of the clinician, the feedback format, and the dissonance between feedback and clinician goals all relate to the ways that feedback is interpreted and utilized. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session.
Removal of Methylene Blue from aqueous solutions using as biosorbent Sargassum muticum: an invasive macroalga in Europe
Authors: Rubin Eugenia , Rodriguez Pilar , Herrero Roberto , Cremades Javier , Barbara Ignacio , Sastre de Vicente Manuel E
Published: December 2004

Methylene Blue adsorption on Sargassum muticum, an invasive macroalga in Europe, has been investigated using visible absorption spectroscopy. Different pre‐treatments, protonation and chemical cross‐linking with CaCl2 or H2CO, have been tested in order to improve the stability as well as the adsorption capacity of the algal biomass. The equilibrium binding has been described in terms of Langmuir or Freundlich isotherms depending on the algal pre‐treatment; from the maximum adsorption capacity values, an estimation of the algal specific surface area was made. Moreover, it has been found that adsorption kinetics can be described according to the first order Lagergren model, from which the rate constant and the adsorption capacity were determined. Finally, simple empirical equations were obtained to evaluate the amount of Methylene Blue removed at any initial concentration and reaction time. The results obtained have shown that this type of material has a high adsorption capacity for Methylene Blue dye, this feature together with the short times needed to reach the equilibrium suggest that Sargassum muticum can be used as a low‐cost biosorbent in wastewater treatments. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
CoGalois groups as metric spaces
Authors: Enochs Edgar , Estrada Sergio
Published: December 2004

The coGalois group associated to a torsion free cover of a ℤ‐module are known to have a canonical topology. In this paper we will see that this topology can be deduced by pk‐roots of elements of coGalois groups over ℤp (p is a prime). We shall investigate in the metric associated to this topology and deduce that the coGalois groups are complete and are isomorphic as metric spaces to products of Banach spaces having orthonormal bases over the various rings of p‐adic integers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Second‐order boundary value problems with nonhomogeneous boundary conditions (I)
Authors: Kong Lingju , Kong Qingkai
Published: December 2004

We study the nonlinear boundary value problem with nonhomogeneous multi‐point boundary condition

Sufficient conditions are found for the existence of solutions of the problem based on the existence of lower and upper solutions with certain relation. Using this existence result, under some assumptions, we obtain explicit ranges of values of λ1 and λ2 with which the problem has a solution, has a positive solution, and has no solution, respectively. Furthermore, we prove that the whole plane for λ1 and λ2 can be divided into two disjoint connected regions ΛE and ΛN such that the problem has a solution for (λ1, λ2) ∈ ΛE and has no solution for (λ1, λ2) ∈ ΛN. We also show that under different assumptions, the problem has a solution for all (λ1, λ2) ∈ ℝ2. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adult‐onset chorea and mitochondrial cytopathy
Authors: Caer Morgane , Viala Karine , Levy Richard , Maisonobe Thierry , Chochon Florence , Lombès Agnès , Agid Yves
Published: December 2004

We report on 2 adult patients presenting with choreic movements as the main clinical feature of mitochondrial cytopathy. One patient exhibited a sensory neuronopathy and ophthalmoplegia. The other had ptosis, a proximal myopathy, and a sensory neuropathy. The diagnosis of mitochondrial cytopathy was established by the presence of ragged red fibers, cytochrome C oxydase‐negative fibers, and a defect of the complex IV of the respiratory chain in muscle biopsy. No mutations in mitochondrial DNA were detected. The choreic movements observed in juvenile forms of mitochondrial cytopathy are rarely observed in adults. Although striatal vulnerability is commonly reported in patients with mitochondrial disorders, the mechanism by which the mitochondrial dysfunction leads to chorea is not known. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Existence of positive periodic solution for the electron beam focusing system
Authors: Zhang Meiyue , Chen Taiyong , Liu Wenbin , Jia Yong
Published: December 2004

In this paper, we study the mathematical model of electron beam focusing system

where a>0,b⩾0 are constants, find conditions for the existence of positive π‐periodic solution of the above equation by using analytical method and comparison theory, and prove the existence of positive π‐periodic solution by the continuously dependent theory of initial value problem. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ generated diphenylsiloxane‐polyimide adduct‐based nanocomposites
Authors: Goswami Manisha G. , Singh Rahul , Tiwari Atul , Nema S.K.
Published: December 2004

Arylsiloxane was incorporated into polyimide (PI) via electronic interaction with polyamic acid (PAA)/PI, and a wide spectrum of properties were evaluated for different compositions. The samples prepared with relatively low concentrations (0.0001–0.1%) of oligomers showed unusual synergism, which is attributed to the generation of nanostructures dispersed in the continuous PI matrix. The incorporation of siloxane with bulky phenyl groups contributed to enhanced thermal stability as determined by thermogravimetric analysis. Water uptake and methanol absorption by these composites were evaluated and correlated with the underlying micro‐ and nanostructures. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to elucidate the probable reaction mechanism (including in situ polymerization of arylsilanol), and to study the synthetic aspects associated with the molecular composites and nanocomposites formation. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:142–152, 2005. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers
Barrier and mechanical properties of injection molded montmorillonite/polyesteramide nanocomposites
Authors: Krook M. , Morgan G. , Hedenqvist M.S.
Published: December 2004

Properties of injection‐molded biodegradable polyesteramide composites containing 5 and 13 wt% octadecylammonium‐treated montmorillonite clay have been studied. Oxygen transmission rates and mechanical properties were measured. X‐ray diffraction was used to assess the degree of intercalation of the clay layer stacks, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to assess the morphology and degree of layer delamination. A substantial reduction in oxygen permeability was observed when clay was added to the composites. The oxygen permeability of the 13 wt% clay sample was only 20% of that of the pure polymer. The in‐plane stiffness and in‐plane strength of the sheets were greatly improved without any embrittlement. These beneficial effects were probably due to the high degree of clay layer exfoliation and orientation observed by TEM. Heat shrinkage, toughness analysis, and cutting operations suggested that the polymer chains and the clay layers were oriented parallel to the plane of the sheet. TEM and X‐ray showed that stacked layers were still present but that these were significantly intercalated. The clay‐layer periodic spacing increased from 25 Å to approximately 35 Å during processing. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 45:135–141, 2005. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers
High‐power ultrasonic treatment of butyl rubber gum: Structure and properties
Authors: Feng Wenlai , Isayev A. I.
Published: December 2004

The ultrasonic treatment of butyl rubber gum during extrusion with a grooved‐barrel ultrasonic reactor was carried out at a mean residence time of 3.6 s and at different ultrasonic amplitudes. Gel permeation chromatography, NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic and mechanical property measurements were performed. The changes in the structure, curing behavior, and physical properties of the gum were found to be highly dependent on the applied ultrasonic amplitude. In particular, the molecular weight of the treated gum decreased and the molecular weight distribution increased with the ultrasonic amplitude. The number of double bonds in the ultrasonically treated gum was less than that in the virgin gum. The dynamic properties of the ultrasonically treated gums also indicated the occurrence of degradation during the ultrasonic treatment. The tensile strength and modulus of the vulcanizates prepared from the treated gums were reduced in comparison with those of the virgin vulcanizate because of degradation. In contrast, the elongation at break was higher. However, no significant changes in the thermal stability between the virgin and treated gums and among the vulcanizates were observed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 334–344, 2005
Mechanism of persistent luminescence in Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+; Dy3+
Authors: Dorenbos P.
Published: December 2004

A recently developed method to determine the energy levels of divalent lanthanide ions relative to the conduction band and valence band of host compounds is applied to Sr2MgSi2O7 doped with Eu2+ and Dy3+. The level locations are not consistent with the widely adopted and generally believed mechanism of persistent luminescence in Eu2+ and Dy3+ doped aluminates and silicates. A new mechanism of persistent luminescence is proposed. In this mechanism Eu3+ and Dy2+ are the stable trapping centers and not Eu+ and Dy4+ as in the existing mechanism. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Antimycobacterial constituents from Juniperus procera, Ferula communis and Plumbago zeylanica and their in vitro synergistic activity with isonicotinic acid hydrazide
Authors: Mossa Jaber S. , El‐Feraly Farouk S. , Muhammad Ilias
Published: December 2004

The synergistic activity of antimycobacterial constituents from Saudi plants was evaluated in combination with isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) against four atypical organisms, namely, Mycobacterium intracellulare, M. smegmatis, M. xenopei and M. chelonei. The potency of INH was increased four‐fold, using an in vitro checkerboard method, against each mycobacteria when tested with a subtoxic concentration of the totarol, isolated from J. procera. The MIC values of totarol, ferulenol (from Ferula communis) and plumbagin (from Plumbago zeylanica) were thus lowered from 1.25–2.5 to 0.15–0.3 µg/mL due to synergism with INH. When tested against the resistant strain of M. tuberculosis H37Rv, plumbagin and 7β‐hydroxyabieta‐8,13‐dien‐11,12‐dione exhibited inhibitory activity at <12.5 µg/mL, while others were inactive at this concentration. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibacterial activity of phytochemicals isolated from Erythrina zeyheri against vancomycin‐resistant enterococci and their combinations with vancomycin
Authors: Sato M. , Tanaka H. , Oh‐Uchi T. , Fukai T. , Etoh H. , Yamaguchi R.
Published: December 2004

Six phytochemicals were isolated from the roots of Erythrina zeyheri (Leguminosae) by repeated silica gel column chromatography using various eluting solvents. Extensive spectroscopic studies revealed that all were isoﬂavonoids. The antibacterial activity of the six compounds against vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE) was estimated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Of the six isoﬂavonoids, erybraedin A ((6aR, 11aR)‐3,9‐dihydroxy‐4,10‐di(γ,γ‐dimethylallyl)pterocarpan) exhibited the highest growth inhibitory potency against VRE with an MIC value of 1.56–3.13 µg/mL, followed by eryzerin C ((3R)‐7,2′,4′‐trihydroxy‐6,8‐di(γ,γ‐dimethylallyl)isoﬂavan) (MIC 6.25 µg/mL). These compounds also inhibited the growth of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at 3.13–6.25 µg/mL. The antibacterial effects of the two compounds against VRE and MRSA were based on bacteriostatic action. When erybraedin A or eryzerin C was combined with vancomycin, the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index against VRE ranged from 0.5306 to 1.0 and from 0.5153 to 0.75, respectively. The combinations also showed FIC indices of 0.6125–1.0 against MRSA. The results indicate that, depending on the case, both compounds act either synergistically or additively with vancomycin against VRE and MRSA. Erybraedin A and eryzerin C show evidence of being potent phytotherapeutic agents against infections caused by VRE and MRSA. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.