bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathogenetic aspects of hepcidin metabolism and ferrocinetics dysregulation in carbohydrate metabolism disorders
Authors: Saprina Tatiana V. , Zima Anastasia P. , Musina Nadezhda N. , Prokhorenko Tatiana S. , Latypova Alina V. , Shakhmanova Natalia S. , Budeeva Svetlana V.
Published: January 2019

Hepcidin, a hormone regulating iron metabolism, has received attention for its role in the pathogenesis of dysregulations in carbohydrate metabolism. Hepcidin disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus are bi-directional: manifesting as iron overload syndrome in cases of decreased hepcidin production and as anaemia of chronic disease in cases of hepcidin hypersecretion. However, till date, detailed analyses of mechanisms underlying hepcidin dysregulation have not been conducted nor have the interactions of ferrocinetic and carbohydrate-metabolic disorders been examined. An association between diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases as well as the role of iron metabolism in Alzheimer or Parkinson diseases is a subject of ongoing research. This review provides a summary of the current understanding of hepcidin regulation and its disorders in various diseases, including diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we provide an overview of the available therapies that address ferrocinetic disorders resulting from the dysregulation of hepcidin.
Heinrich Schenker
Authors: Eybl Martin
Published: January 2019

Der Wiener Musiktheoretiker Heinrich Schenker (1868-1935) lebte als Jude in einem katholisch dominierten Umfeld, innerhalb des Judentums positioniert auf der weiten Skala zwischen Assimilation und Zionismus. Er war im Kronland Galizien in eine polnische Schule gegangen und lebte nach 1918 als Deutscher, als der er sich fühlte, im Staate Österreich, dem kleinen Rest der Habsburger Monarchie. Die Mehrfachcodierung von Schenkers Identität kommt in privaten Mitteilungen wie Briefen und Tagebüchern zum Ausdruck. Doch nicht der Diskurs seiner Identität steht im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung; stattdessen wird den Spuren seiner Identitäten in der Lebenspraxis nachgegangen. Wie sich Schenker zwischen den verschiedenen Identifikationsangeboten bewegte, zeigt sich etwa daran, wie er und seine Frau religiöse, staatliche oder private Feste begingen (oder ignorierten), an ihrem Habitus oder ihren Essgewohnheiten. Über all das informieren die detaillierten Tagebücher, die Schenker seiner Frau diktierte, als Dokumente der Erinnerungspraxis und der Selbstvergewisserung.
Kulturelle Bildung als politisches Programm
Authors: Steigerwald Claudia
Published: January 2019

›Kulturelle Bildung‹ hat Hochkonjunktur: Als Bestandteil der Kulturförderung von Bund, Ländern und Kommunen, in Modellprojekten von Stiftungen und den Education#off("i")#-Abteilungen von Kultureinrichtungen ist das Thema allgegenwärtig. Obgleich die Wirkung des Konzeptes erst in Ansätzen empirisch untersucht wurde, scheint seine Attraktivität für eine wachsende Zahl von Förderakteuren ungebrochen. Das Buch spürt diesem Phänomen nach, indem es sowohl die argumentative Stärke des Konzeptes als auch Mechanismen des Lobbying in den Blick nimmt. Fundiert wird die Analyse durch eine historische Synopse der Institutionalisierung von kultureller Bildung seit den 1970er-Jahren - im außerschulischen Bildungsbereich, in Hochschulen, Ministerien und Kulturämtern.
Der Schnitt als Denkfigur im Surrealismus
Authors: Hadda Sarah
Published: January 2019

Worin konvergieren künstlerische Gestaltungstechniken, psychoanalytische Deutungspotentiale sowie narrative Bildthemen? Sarah Hadda fragt nach dem medienspezifischen Charakter des Schnitts und seiner Verwendung in den unterschiedlichen Künsten. Das zugrunde gelegte Verständnis des Schnitts als analytisch-epistemische Figur gerät dabei in eine bewusst gesuchte, produktive Differenz zur Breton'schen Programmatik des Surrealismus, indem das künstlerische Kalkül gegen den psychischen Automatismus ins Feld geführt wird. Über das Fortleben des Surrealismus in der Gegenwartskunst sprach Sarah Hadda mit dem Künstlerduo M+M.
Eine Synthese aus angewandter Kunst und Trauerarbeit Fallanalyse
Authors: Mickan Antje , Klie Thomas
Published: January 2019

Wenn Künstlerinnen und Kunsthandwerker ihre Tätigkeit mit einer spirituellen Dimension verbinden und diese dann selbst als Dienstleistung anbieten, die zwischen den sozialen Feldern von Kunst, Heilung und Religion changiert, sind ökonomische Strategien und Netzwerkbeziehungen von Relevanz für den Erfolg. Im DFG-Projekt »Märkte des Besonderen. Religionshybride Netzwerke in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern« stehen hybride Praktiken dieser Art im Fokus. Welche Bedeutung haben biografische Erfahrungen für die zunehmend spirituelle Imprägnierung der produzierenden künstlerischen Arbeit? Wie gestalteten sich die Beziehungen zu anderen Anbietern, wie diejenigen zur Kundschaft? Welches berufliche Selbstbild wird kommuniziert? Und wie vollzieht sich die Transformation von Kunst(handwerk) zu religiös bzw. spirituell und rituell bedeutsamer Praxisform konkret? Anhand eines exemplarischen Interviews mit einer mecklenburgischen Keramikerin und Trauerbegleiterin geht der Aufsatz diesen Fragen nach.
Natural autoantibodies in normal and pathological conditions
Authors: Myagkova M. , Morozova V. , Petrochenko S.
Published: January 2019

The review presents new experimental data of domestic and foreign scholars in the field of immunology, which extend the existing ideas about the participation of the antibody in the mechanisms of homeostasis. Problems concerning the origin and the expression of natural antibodies, natural autoimmunity in human pathology, the role of autoantibodies in regulating physiological reactions and the development of autoimmune disease.
Characteristics of the infectious process during urogenital chlamydiosis by TLR gene expression evaluation
Authors: Karaulov A. , Afanasiev S. , Alyoshkin V. , Evsegneeva I. , Voropaeva E. , Bairakova A. , Afanasiev M. , Nesvizhsky Y. , Stepanov A. , Egorova E. , Metelskaya V. , Alyoshkin A. , Grechishnikova O. , Rubalskii E. , Urban Y, , Voropaev A. , Tolstova E.
Published: January 2019

TLR are providing a launch of an infectious process when a macroorganism contacts with pathogenic OM and their communities. During the chlamydial infection different levels of TLR-2 and TLR-4 activation depend on qualitative composition of microbial communities present on the mucosa of UGT. Activation of TLR-2 and TLR-4 gene expression is occurring more pronounced in response to pathogens of STI, OM and less pronounced during contact with normoflora. The highest levels of TLR gene expression correspond to the higher OM contamination degree of cervical canal, urethra and vagina. TLR-2 and TLR-4 gene expression is taking place in response to OM in vagina and to OM and STI in cervical canal and urethra. Increase of TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression into urethra, cervical canal, and vagina correlates with severity of clinical manifestations of UGC depending on a pathogen, as well as on pathogenicity of associates (pathogens of STI and OM). Diagnostic and prognostic significance of the TLR-2 and TLR-4 gene expression levels assessment during urogenital chlamydiosis in women is determined. The assessment of levels of TLR-2 and TLR-4 gene expressions in scraping material of the cervix and urethra of patients with urogenital chlamydial infection allows to distinguish chronic and acute forms of chlamydiosis (chronic urogenital chlamydiosis is diagnosed with levels of expression of TL-receptor-2 not more than 5 units and TL-receptor-4 not more than 5 units in scraping material from the urethra), as well as to reveal the beginning of chronization of an infectious process. During acute urogenital chlamydiosis reduction of the TLR-2 and TLR-4 gene expression levels along with direct methods of detecting the pathogen can indirectly indicate an eradication of chlamydia.
Status of innate immunity before and after the comprehensive treatment of acute pyelonephritis
Authors: Shatokhin М. , Holimenko I. , Jarimok A. , Mavrin M. , Konoplya N. , Chirkov S.
Published: January 2019

Objective. To study the state of innate immunity before and after standard treatment of acute serous and purulent pyelonephritis (ASP, APP). Methods. A clinical research, the determination of the immune status in the blood plasma. Results. In both forms pyelonephritis revealed the same type of changes in the innate immunity, specific for an inflammatory process. At the same time, when the APP, compared with the ASP greater degree appeared to increase the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in reduction below normal levels of anti-IL-10 and a decrease in phagocytic activity of neutrophils were less pronounced. A content of the most compliment indicators was below in the APP, except C5a and factor H, and increasingly appeared elevated HCT- sp.and HCT-st. while reducing NGF and SRI. In general, we can say that, according to identify the level of innate immunity factors in the development of their intensity and relief of inflammation was lower in the APP, which was the main cause of septic process.
New directions in the diagnosis and treatment of endometritis
Authors: Kagramanova J. , Malinovskaya V. , Vyzhlova E. , Lanshchakova P.
Published: January 2019

Objective: to develop a comprehensive diagnosis and evaluation of the clinical efficacy of pathogenetic therapy of acute and chronic endometritis. Methods: patients under went complex clinical and instrumental and immunological assessment of the interferon, immune status and cytokines in the serum and in the aspirate of the endometrium before and after complex therapy. Results: in acute endometritis in the endometrium aspirate marked by high levels of proinflammatory cytokines with a predominance of IL1β and IL6, indicating the severity and predicts the outcome of the disease. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the aspirate from the uterine cavity increased 5-8 times compared with the serum (in 3–5 times), which confirms the more pronounced local inflammatory response, and supports local immunocorrection. In chronic endometritis showed a reduction in reserve capacity of the immune cells in the induction of leukocytes in vitro. Conclusions: Confirmed the need for correction of all parts of the immune system. To determine the spread of the inflammatory process and choice of tactics of local immunotherapy in acute endometritis on the background of spontaneous abortion or non-developing pregnancy, removal of fragments of chorionic or placental tissue effectively under the control of hysteroscopy, assessment of cytokine production (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-10) in the endometrium and morphological diagnosis. Tactics immunorehabilitation using a preparation of recombinant interferon-α2b in patients with endometritis.
Social transformation of gender and sexuality as viewed by I.S. Kon
Authors: Tartakovskaya Irina N. , Lunin Igor I.
Published: January 2019

The article examines the influence of Igor Kon on many aspects of modern research in the field of gender and sexuality. The authors conclude that it was Igor Kon who identified several key trends describing the current state of gender order in sexuality, namely, individualization and pluralization of cultures and lifestyles. It seems that the better way to speak about sexuality is not to refer to single or “normative models” but about a set of sexualities. In the proposed work, the variety of combinations of different gender identities with a multitude of sexual preferences is shown on the example of the theory of sexual configurations proposed by Canadian researcher Sari van Anders.
The article emphasizes that, as I. Kon warned, it is gender relations and sexuality that are currently at the center of the agenda, since many more serious social problems are extrapolated to them. Cultural and, in particular, gender diversity is perceived by many people as the threat of losing the most basic landmarks in an unpredictable and changeable world. The article provides examples of different types of public policy in relation to binary and non-binary gender categories in different countries of Europe, Asia and North America.
Modernization process in Russia: Can we expect the shift to emancipative values?
Authors: Almakaeva Anna M. , Mavletova Aigul M.
Published: January 2019

In their version of modernization theory, R. Inglehart and K. Welzel suggest that younger cohorts socialized under conditions of existential security are the main drivers of post-materialist values and modernization process. In this paper, we test this thesis based on five waves of the World Values Survey fielded in Russia and covering the period from 1990 to 2017. We use age-period-cohort analysis, which disentangles the effects of age, time period and cohorts. We implement a method of measuring emancipative values proposed by K. Welzel. His emancipative values consist of four different indices: «autonomy», «equality», «choice», and «voice». The results show that younger cohorts in Russia do have a higher level of emancipative values as suggested by the theory. The basis for the transformation of values is three indices out of four: «autonomy», «choice», and «voice». «Equality» is the only index that showed neither age nor cohort differences.
Acknowledgment. This article is supported by the Russian Science Foundation under grant no. 18-18-00341 «Transformation of values and subjective quality of life: A regional perspective».
Qualification status of the employed Russians: hierarchy and distribution features
Authors: Kolennikova Nina D.
Published: January 2019

The article provides an analysis of the hierarchy of the employed Russians based on their qualifications. The author clarifies the wording of the concept of qualification status and tests specific indicators for its evaluation in modern Russian society. A method of construction of the qualification status scale is described. The results of the analysis of indicators for Russia’s working-age population are shown. The structure of the obtained status hierarchy and the relationship between individual’s place within it and other individual’s characteristics (ascriptive characteristics, professional affiliations, self-assessment of professional skills, etc.) are analyzed. The author argues that the employee’s age is the most important of all ascriptive characteristics. The study also examines specific features of the qualification status of the working Russians from different educational and professional groups. Special attention is paid to a comparison of objective indicators of qualification status of Russians with their subjective assessments of status. The empirical basis for the analysis was the data of the 25th wave of the annual HSE RLMS (Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Economics) held in 2016.
On the social content of local self-government
Authors: Petukhov Roman V.
Published: January 2019

The author argues that the social studies devoted to the Russian local self-government are dominated by uncritical borrowing of the basic vocabulary and the axiomatics of the municipal law. Such studies reproduce ideal concepts enshrined in the legislation and legal doctrine to substitute for the critical analysis of the social reality processes. To understand the true meaning of what is referred to as local self-government the author proposes to consider the correlation between the legal-dogmatic concept and the results of empirical research. For that purpose, three constitutive features of local self-government are singled out:  inclusiveness, accessibility and autonomy of local authorities. Analyzing the data of the public opinion surveys, the author observes the lack of public confidence in the municipal authorities, their distancing from the local communities and proximity to the regional government.  As an example, the author examines cancelation of direct elections of heads of municipalities which brings into sharp focus contradictions between actual processes and the local self-government theory. At the same time, public perceptions of local self-government as a value and a directly observed phenomenon remain uncertain. Based on the results of the analysis, the author concludes that there is a principal divergence between the reality and the normative conception of local self-government which raises the issue of its rethinking in social sciences. The basis of the study is the data of the nationwide representative surveys conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian Public Opinion Research Center and the Public Opinion Foundation.
Acknowledgment. The paper is supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 14-28-00218-II “Dynamics of social transformation in modern Russia in socio-economic, political, socio-cultural and ethno-religious contexts”.
New wave of intellectual emigration from Russia: motives, channels and mechanisms
Authors: Karachurina Liliya B. , Florinskaya Yulia F.
Published: January 2019

The papers analyzing modern emigration intentions of Russians and their fulfillment are not numerous. One of the reasons behind that is the lack of reliable statistical data concerning persons who leave their home country and do not notify the registration body of their departure for the new place of residence. However they are great in number.  What can be done to fill the gap is to provide a statistical analysis of the main countries accepting Russian emigrants, which was already done by certain researchers, or to use qualitative sociological methods. The present paper analyzes the results of semi-structured interviews with skilled emigrants who left Russia in 2011-2017; the interviews were part of a research project conducted by the Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration in 2017. The analysis of participant interviews helps to indentify the motives, channels and mechanisms of Russian emigrants with higher education diplomas and to answer the questions referring to similarities and differences between individuals of different professions, age groups and those leaving for different countries when they choose certain patterns. The authors conclude that the lack of relevant differences in intentions across all the above-mentioned groups is one of the main findings. Over recent years most of skilled emigrants have been driven primarily by economical and partially by political motives. Nevertheless, the choice of channels and mechanisms of emigration are greatly shaped by the professional background, type of employment, age and even the migration direction.  IT workers and employees working in finance and economic sector tend to relocate using labor contracts; young scientists opt for grant schemes or free internships; older generation involving creative professionals and people of liberal professions turn to education channels using their own funds. The group of remote job skilled emigrants is distinctive as they use the whole variety of channels and mechanisms to move abroad.
Social intercourse as a sociological problem and sociologists’ headache. A book review on ‘The world of intercourse through the sociological dimension’ by A.V. Rezaev & N.D. Tregubova. Moscow: University book, 2017
Authors: Lisitsyn Pavel P. , Starikov Valentin S.
Published: January 2019

The book is the first monograph on the sociology of social intercourse in Russian. The authors indicate that despite the fact that today many specific studies describe certain aspects of social intercourse, this phenomenon has no problematization within the overall logic of sociological knowledge. The authors propose a three-part structure: social intercourse as a phenomenon, as a concept, and as a problem. The monograph provides a rationale for the possibility of sociology of social intercourse, as well as the very necessity to separate the notions of “social intercourse” and “social communications” in social scientific research.

Acknowledgment. This work was supported by the Council for the Russian President’s Grants, project no. MK-773.2017.6
Judicial Minimum: Hate Crime against LGBT in Russian Court’s Eyes Book Review: Kondakov A. (2017) Hate Crime against LGBT in Russia. St. Petersburg: Centre for Independent Social Research
Authors: Kamenschikov Pavel P.
Published: January 2019

No abstract provided.
A fragment in each institution: the dispersion of Dita Acatauassu Marajoara Archaelogical Collection (Amazonia, Brazil)
Authors: Simas Maria Santana , Rosa Cassia da , Barreto Cristiana , Lima Helena Pinto
Published: January 2019

Private collecting of archaeological ceramics was a common practice in Amazonia during the 19th and 20th centuries, and the collected material has been deposited in a number of Brazilian and international museums. Those collections have become the object of study in various areas, despite the difficulty in retrieving original information. This paper analyses the Dita Acatauassu collection from Marajó Island, for an eventual permanent custody by the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Results of morphological and decoration analysis of 613 individually inventoried fragments allowed for the reorganisation of 40% of the holdings. In addition, a diagnosis of residues of previous interventions and recent fractures, compared to the documentation, determined the existence of fragments belonging to the same objects in two other institutions sometimes adding up to almost complete items. Complex and unique issues related to the conservation and management of archaeological collections, donations and decontextualisation of holdings, loan policies and collection sharing of objects formed by fragments in the care of different institutions are discussed.
Developing A Reading Habit scale
Okuma Alışkanlığı Ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi
Authors: Batur Zekerya , Gülveren Hakan , Bek Hafız , Başar Murat
Published: January 2019

In this study, it was aimed to develop a reading habit scale. 639 students studying at Uşak Faculty of Education participated in this study. Related literature was searched and the items upon the reading habits were written. Having been analyzed in terms of the language appropriacy, the scale consisting of 10 counts and 91 items in total was applied to measure the validity and reliability. Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed on the purpose of determining the counts in the scale. 10 counts and 51 items were formed as a result of the analysis. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was benefited in order to determine the validity of the scale and it was found out that the counts and items are in compliance with one another and the model is well fit. The internal consistency coefficient of the scale is 0,876. Therefore, this indicates that the scale is valid and reliable.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı okuma alışkanlığını ölçeğini geliştirmektir. Araştırmaya Uşak Eğitim Fakültesinin farklı bölümlerinde okuyan 639 öğrenci katılmıştır. Alan yazın incelenerek okuma alışkanlığınayönelik maddeler yazılmıştır, dil bakımından uygunluğu incelendikten sonra güvenirlik geçerlik çalışması için hazırlanan 10 boyuttan ve toplam 91 maddeden oluşan ölçek uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin boyutlarını belirlemek ve boyutları adlandırmak için için açımlayıcı faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda 10 boyut ve 51 madde ölçeği oluşturmuştur. Ölçeğin geçerliğini belirlemek için doğrulayıcı faktör analiz uygulanmış ve boyutlar ile maddelerin uyum içinde olduğu, modelin desteklendiği bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılık katsayısı 0,876 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlara göre ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu söylenebilir.
Perbedaan perilaku makan dan pola asuh pemberian makan antara balita gemuk dan non gemuk di Kota Semarang
Authors: Yumni Dienny Zata , Wijayanti Hartanti Sandi
Published: January 2019

Latar Belakang : Kegemukan kini tidak hanya ditemukan pada orang dewasa saja melainkan juga pada anak balita. Pola asuh pemberian makan dan perilaku makan balita merupakan dua faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi status gizi balita, sehingga peran keluarga khususnya ibu sangat penting untuk mengatasi kasus kegemukan dengan mengontrol asupan makan anak sehari-hari. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perbedaan pola asuh pemberian makan dan perilaku makan antara balita gemuk dan balita non gemuk di Kota Semarang.Metode : Subjek penelitian adalah pasangan ibu dan balita berusia dua sampai lima tahun yang terdiri dari 22 subjek kelompok kasus dan 22 subjek kelompok kontrol. Desain penelitian adalah case control. Penelitian dilakukan di Kelurahan Bangetayu Kulon dan Jangli, Semarang. Data yang diteliti meliputi perilaku makan dan pola asuh pemberian makan yang diperoleh melalui kuesioner. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah uji komparatif kategorik Chi-square.Hasil : Kelompok balita gemuk sebagian besar memiliki skor penyuka makanan yang tinggi (95.5%), sedangkan dari kelompok non gemuk tidak terdapat balita dengan skor penyuka makanan tinggi (0.0%). Sementara itu, skor penghindar cenderung tinggi pada kelompok non gemuk (72.7%), sedangkan kelompok gemuk dengan skor penghindar makanan tinggi berjumlah lebih sedikit (27.3%). Pola asuh pemberian makan yang dominan pada kelompok gemuk adalah tipe pengabaian (59.0%), sedangkan pada kelompok non-gemuk adalah tipe demokratis (54.5%). Terdapat perbedaan perilaku penyuka makanan (p<0.01), perilaku penghindar makanan (p=0.07) dan pola asuh pemberian makan antara kedua kelompok (p<0.01).Simpulan : Terdapat perbedaan perilaku penyuka makanan, perilaku penghindar makanan dan pola asuh pemberian makan antara balita gemuk dan non-gemuk di Kota Semarang.
Tingkat kecukupan zat gizi dan kadar glukosa darah pada atlet sepakbola
Authors: Putri Tri Andianne , Probosari Enny
Published: January 2019

Latar belakang: Saat ini kegemukan telah banyak ditemukan pada umur dini, yakni mulai dari umur 0-5 tahun. Pemberian susu formula dengan kandungan energi dan protein yang tinggi pada awal pertumbuhan dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya kegemukan pada balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara konsumsi susu formula dengan kegemukan pada balita di Kota Semarang.Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah kasus-kontrol. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 27 subjek pada kelompok kasus dan 27 subjek pada kelompok kontrol dengan umur 2-5 tahun. Kriteria kegemukan menggunakan indikator z-score BB/TB. Waktu pertama pemberian susu formula dan berat rata-rata konsumsi susu formula diperoleh melalui kuisioner. Asupan energi, karbohidrat, protein dan lemak dihitung dengan formulir semi quantitative-food frequency questionaire (SQ-FFQ). Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-square. Analisis Multivariat menggunakan Regresi Logistik Ganda.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 85.2% subjek pada kelompok kasus pertama kali mengonsumsi susu formula sebelum umur 6 bulan, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol hanya 48.1%. Pada kelompok kasus, 77.8% subjek mengonsumsi susu formula >100 g/hari dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol hanya 33.3% dari subjek. Terdapat perbedaan pada waktu pertama pemberian susu formula (p= 0.004) dan konsumsi susu formula >100 g/hari (p= 0.001) antara kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol. Konsumsi susu formula >100 g/hari berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kegemukan pada balita setelah dikontrol dengan asupan energi, protein, karbohidrat dan lemak (p = 0.009). Balita yang mengonsumsi susu formula >100 g/hari berisiko 7 kali lipat mengalami kegemukan dibandingkan dengan balita yang mengonsumsi < 100 g/hari.Simpulan: Balita yang mengonsumsi berat rata-rata susu formula >100 g/hari berisiko 7.0 kali mengalami kegemukan.
Sedentary lifestyle sebagai risiko kejadian obesitas pada remaja SMA stunted di Kota Semarang
Authors: Mandriyarini Retno , Sulchan Muhammad , Nissa Choirun
Published: January 2019

Latar Belakang: Perkembangan teknologi pada saat ini terjadi peningkatan perilaku sedentary lifestyle pada remaja. Sedentary lifestyle berhubungan dengan aktivitas pergerakan tubuh yang minim dengan pengeluaran energi expenditur setara 1 -1,5 metabolic equivalent (METs). Peningkatan sedentary lifestyle meningkatkan risiko berbagai masalah kesehatan salah satunya adalah obesitas. Terjadinya status gizi kurang secara kronis dan mengalami stunted dapat berhubungan dengan terjadinya remaja obes. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui sedentary lifestyle sebagai faktor risiko kejadian obesitas pada remaja stunted. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional dengan populasi remaja SMA di Semarang. Subjek penelitian diambil dengan cara cluster random-sampling antara kelompok urban dan sub urban. Besar sampel sebanyak 42 siswa dengan kondisi stunted. Kriteria inklusi penelitian ini yaitu berusia 14-18 tahun, mengalami stunted  dengan status gizi TB/U <-2 SD dan BMI for age percentile <95 pada kelompok kontrol (kelompok stunted non obes) dan BMI for age percentile >95 serta status gizi TB/U <-2 SD pada kelompok kasus (kelompok stunted obes).Hasil: Jumlah obesitas sebanyak 151(6,6%), stunted  269(11,7%) dan stunted   yang mengalami obesitas 45(1,9%). Kegiatan sedentary lifestyle yang umum dilakukan oleh remaja stunted yang berisiko menjadi obesitas yaitu kegiatan menonton TV, membaca buku untuk kesenangan serta pergi beribadah atau pergi ke sekolah di hari libur.Simpulan: Remaja stunted  dengan sedentary lifestyle ≥ 5 jam/hari berisiko 2,9 kali lebih besar menjadi obesitas dibandingkan dengan  < 5 jam/hari.
Konsumsi fitoestrogen, persentase lemak tubuh dan siklus menstruasi pada wanita vegetarian
Authors: Rujiantina Ahaddini Septian , Widyastuti Nurmasari , Probosari Enny
Published: January 2019

Latar Belakang : Prevalensi ketidakteraturan siklus menstruasi pada vegetarian sebesar 26,5%. Diet vegetarian merupakan pola makan yang membatasi produk hewani dan mengonsumsi produk makanan nabati seperti buah, sayur, kacang dan biji-bijian yang merupakan sumber fitoestrogen. Vegetarian memiliki persentase lemak tubuh lebih rendah dari nonvegetarian. Fitoestrogen dan persentase lemak tubuh dapat mempengaruhi kadar estrogen dalam tubuh dan mengakibatkan gangguan siklus menstruasi.Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan konsumsi fitoestrogen dan persentase lemak tubuh dengan siklus menstruasi pada wanita vegetarian.Metode : Desain penelitian cross sectional dengan 49 wanita vegetarian dipilih secara consecutive sampling. Persentase lemak tubuh diukur menggunakan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Asupan zat gizi diperoleh melalui Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionaire (SQFFQ) dan dianalisis menggunakan program software gizi. Aktivitas fisik diukur menggunakan International Physical Activity Questionaire  (IPAQ). Data siklus menstruasi diperoleh melalui kuesioner. Data dianalisis dengan uji Chi Square dan uji Regresi Logistik Ganda.Hasil : Sebanyak 49,0% wanita vegetarian mengalami gangguan siklus menstruasi. Tidak ada hubungan antara asupan energi, kerbohidrat, lemak, protein, serat dan aktivitas fisik dengan siklus menstruasi (p>0,05). Terdapat hubungan antara konsumsi fitoestrogen, persentase lamk tubuh dan riwayat gangguan siklus menstruasi pada keluarga dengan siklus menstruasi (p<0,05). Konsumsi fitoestrogen berhubungan dengan kejadian gangguan siklus menstruasi setelah dikontrol dengan persentase lemak tubuh dan riwayat gangguan menstruasi pada keluarga (p<0,05).Simpulan : Konsumsi fitoestrogen, persentase lemak tubuh dan riwayat gangguan siklus menstruasi pada keluarga berhubungan dengan siklus menstruasi.
Kadar C-Reactive Protein pada remaja stunted obesity usia 12-17 tahun di Kota Semarang
Authors: Proborini Ajeng Sekar , Sulchan Muhammad , Dieny Fillah Fithra
Published: January 2019

Latar belakang: Stunted masih menjadi masalah utama di Indonesia. Individu stunted berisiko lebih tinggi mengalami obesitas dan penyakit kardiovaskular dibanding non-stunted. Obesitas abdominal merupakan salah satu faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular melalui reaksi inflamasi. High sensitivity c-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) adalah biomarker yang sensitif untuk mendeteksi reaksi inflamasi di dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan kadar Hs-CRP pada remaja stunted obesity dan non-stunted obesity di Kota Semarang.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan crossectional yang dilakukan pada remaja usia 12-17 tahun yang berada di SMP/MTs Kota Semarang mencakup wilayah urban dan suburban. Total sampel penelitian sebanyak 40 remaja dipilih dengan metode cluster random sampling. Penentuan status gizi sampel diukur berdasarkan tinggi badan menurut umur dan lingkar pinggang menurut umur. Pengukuran kadar Hs-CRP dilakukan dengan metode ELISA. Analisis data menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan.Hasil: Angka kejadian obesitas abdominal dan stunted obesity sebesar 30% dan 1.45%. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran kadar Hs-CRP, terdapat 18(45%) remaja memiliki risiko tinggi penyakit kardiovaskular. Rerata kadar HS-CRP kelompok stunted obesity (2.92±2.74) lebih kecil dibanding kelompok non-stunted obesity (4.37±3.49) dimana tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna. Tingkat obesitas remaja memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar Hs-CRP (p = 0.04).Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan perbedaan kadar c-reactive protein yang signifikan antara kelompok stunted obesity dan non-stunted obesity.
Hubungan Asupan Sugar-Sweetened Beverage dan Mssa Lemak Tubuh dengan Kejadian Menarche Dini
Authors: Amelia Annisa Eka , Ardiaria Martha , Wijayanti Hartanti Sandi
Published: January 2019

Latar Belakang : Angka kejadian menarche dini makin meningkat beberapa tahun terakhir. Menarche yang terlalu dini meningkatkan risiko penyakit degeneratif. Asupan sugar-sweetened beverage berlebih menyebabkan tingginya kadar hormon seks dan IGF-1 di sirkulasi dan mempercepat menarche. Massa lemak tubuh yang besar berhubungan dengan kadar leptin yang tinggi serta kejadian menarche yang lebih awal. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui hubungan asupan sugar-sweetened beverage dan massa lemak tubuh dengan kejadian menarche dini.Metode : Desain penelitian case control dengan jumlah sampel 20 anak perempuan pada setiap kelompok yang berusia 10,1-11,9 tahun dipilih secara consecutive sampling. Data asupan sugar-sweetened beverage dan asupan zat gizi diperoleh menggunakan Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionaire (SQFFQ), massa lemak tubuh dengan persamaan regresi berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh, usia, dan jenis kelamin, dan aktivitas fisik dengan Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). Data dianalisis dengan uji Chi-Square dan uji regresi logistik ganda.Hasil : Terdapat hubungan asupan sugar-sweetened beverage (p <0,001), massa lemak tubuh (p 0,003), asupan kalsium (p 0,020), dan aktivitas fisik (p 0,016) dengan kejadian menarche dini. Uji multivariat menunjukkan bahwa hanya asupan sugar-sweetened beverage yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian menarche dini (p 0,007).Simpulan : Asupan sugar-sweetened beverage dan massa lemak tubuh berhubungan dengan kejadian menarche dini. Asupan sugar-sweetened beverage merupakan faktor risiko kejadian menarche dini.
Asupan Zat Gizi Makro, Status Gizi, dan Status Imun pada Vegetarian dan Non-Vegetarian
Authors: Wanty Wanty , Widyastuti Nurmasari , Purbosari Enny
Published: January 2019

Latar Belakang : Status imun dapat menjadi salah satu penanda kondisi sistem imun di dalam tubuh. Vegetarian umumnya memiliki indeks massa tubuh (IMT) yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan non-vegetarian. Hal tersebut memberikan dampak positif terhadap status imun vegetarian. Di samping itu, vegetarian juga mengalami defisiensi beberapa zat gizi yang dapat menyebabkan dampak buruk pada status imun vegetarian. Salah satu penanda status imun tubuh yaitu jumlah leukosit, dimana leukosit merupakan imunologi pertama yang muncul untuk melawan patogen.Tujuan : Membandingkan asupan zat gizi makro, status gizi, dan status imun antara vegetarian dan non-vegetarian.Metode : Sampel penelitian sebanyak 64 wanita dipilih melalui consecutive sampling yang terdiri dari 32 subjek vegetarian dan 32 subjek non-vegetarian. Berat badan dan tinggi badan dari subjek diukur untuk menentukan status gizi. Asupan zat gizi makro diukur melalui Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) dan dianalisis menggunakan program software gizi. Status imun diperoleh dari perhitungan jumlah sel darah putih (leukosit). Analisis statistik yang digunakan yaitu uji T Independen atau Mann-Whitney.Hasil : Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada status gizi (p=0.019), asupan karbohidrat (p=0.002), asupan serat (p=0.001), asupan lemak jenuh (p=0.001), dan asupan lemak tidak jenuh (p=0.001) antara vegetarian dan non-vegetarian.Simpulan : Asupan karbohidrat, serat, dan lemak tidak jenuh lebih tinggi pada vegetarian sementara status gizi dan asupan lemak jenuh lebih tinggi pada non-vegetarian.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Gizi, Aktivitas Fisik dan Asupan Energi, Asupan Lemak dengan Kejadian Obesitas pada Remaja SMP
Authors: Dewi Putu Lina Paramitha , Kartini Apoina
Published: January 2019

Latar belakang:  Obesitas disebabkan karena aktivitas fisik yang kurang disamping asupan makanan padat energi yang berlebihan. Obesitas pada anak jika berlanjut sampai usia dewasa mempunyai faktor risiko hipertensi, hiperlipidemia, penyakit Jantung koroner, hiperinsulinemia dan Diabetes mellitus tipe II. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan gizi, aktivitas fisik, asupan lemak dan  energi  dengan kejadian obesitas pada remaja SMPN 11 Semarang Metode: Rancangan penelitian adalah case control yang dilakukan pada 60 remaja SMP usia 11–15 tahun di SMP Negeri 11 Semarang. Subyek dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi. Pemilihan sampel kasus melalui skrining dan memilih kontrol secara random dengan cara memilih siswa atau siswi kelas VII dan VIII yang obesitas sebagai kelompok kasus dan siswa-siswi kelas VII dan VIII yang tidak obesitas sebagai kelompok control. Uji statistik untuk melihat faktor risiko pengetahuan gizi, aktivitas fisik, asupan energi dan  asupan lemak dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil: Sebagian besar siswa (73.3%) mempunyai pengetahuan gizi baik, siswa dengan asupan energi lebih sebanyak 53.3%, asupan lemak lebih sebanyak 66.7%, dan yang termasuk aktivitas fisik ringan sebanyak 21.7%. Terdapat hubungan asupan energi, asupan lemak, dan aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian obesitas (p=0.000, p=0.006, p=0.000). Tidak terdapat hubungan pengetahuan gizi dengan kejadian obesitas. Kesimpulan:  Tidak ada hubungan pengetahuan gizi dengan kejadian obesitas. Asupan energi, asupan lemak dan aktivitas fisik berhubungan dengan kejadian Obesitas.
KADAR SENG SERUM DAN RASIO MOLAR FITAT:SENG PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR DI PESISIR KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Albab Ulil , Kusumastuti Aryu Candra , Rustanti Ninik
Published: January 2019

Background: School-age children are at risk of zinc deficiency which can be identified by measuring serum zinc levels. Zinc intake, in particular, strongly affects zinc absorption and consequently alters serum zinc concentration. Phytate is the strongest inhibitor of zinc absorption. The scale of its inhibitory ability can be measured through phytate:zinc molar ratio. This study aimed to describe phytate:zinc molar ratio in school-age children in coastal area of Semarang.Method: This was a cross-sectional study on 50 samples of children aged 9-12 years chosen by non probability sampling from several elementary schools in Semarang. Observed data include subject characteristics, zinc intake, phytate intake, and serum zinc levels. Participants' intake was assessed using 3x24 hour food recall and food record, while serum zinc levels were evaluated through Atomic Absorbant Spechtrophotomety (AAS) methods. Data was analyzed by Pearson’s test.Result: The mean serum zinc level was 93,85±22,99 µg/dl, with a phytate:zinc molar ratio of 14,48±4,23. Only 14% of the subjects had low zinc serum levels, but there was 46% with low zinc absorption rates according to their molar ratio of phytate:zinc. No significant correlation was detected between phytate:zinc molar ratio and serum zinc levels (p=0,427). Conclusion: Low zinc serum levels was found in 14% of the subjects while 46% had low zinc absorption rate. No significant correlation was detected between phytate:zinc molar ratio and serum zinc levels.
HUBUNGAN LINGKAR PINGGANG, RASIO LINGKAR PINGGANG TERHADAP TINGGI BADAN DAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DENGAN KADAR ASAM URAT WANITA USIA 45-55 TAHUN
Authors: Rizki Mawarni Uli , Probosari Enny , Nissa Choirun
Published: January 2019

Background: Hiperuricemia  is a risk factor of degenerative diseases and metabolic syndrome. Elevated levels of uric acid are known to be linked with central obesity. Obesity can be determined by anthropometric measurements such as waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and Body mass index. This study aimed to determine the correlation of waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and body mass index with uric acid levels in women aged 45-55 years old. Method: This was an observational study with the cross-sectional design. Forty-six subjects were selected using simple random sampling. The measured anthropometric indices were height, weight and waist circumference. Colorimetry method was used to measure blood uric acid levels. Data were analyzed by Fisher exact and Multiple Logistic Regression test.  Result: A total of 19.6% (n=9) subjects had high uric acid levels. These subjects had waist circumferences of over 88 cm (37.5%), waist-to-height ratios that exceed 0.58 (31.6%) and body mass index >25,0 (25%).. There was a significant correlation between waist circumference with uric acid levels, with a prevalence ratio of 5.4 (CI 95% 1.13;25.8). On the contrary, there was no correlation between waist-to-height ratio and body mass index with uric acid levels. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between waist circumference with uric acid levels. However, no correlation was found between waist to height ratio and body mass index with uric acid levels.
KEJADIAN RESISTENSI INSULIN PADA ANAK OBESITAS USIA 9-12 TAHUN DI KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Asnelviana Hana , Sulchan Muhammad , Panunggal Binar
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Obesity is caused by imbalance amount of energy intake and energy requirement of the body. Obesity in children has high risk to become obesity in adult and results in degenerative diseases. In obese children have higher of getting insulin  resistance. This study was aimed to determine insulin resistance in obesity children aged 9-12 years in Semarang.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with two groups: height below the median-obesity circumference (TBBM-obesity) and height above the median-obesity (TBAM-obesity). Screening was done in 602 children aged 9-12 years in urban and suburban areas of Semarang. Nutritional status was determined with measurements of z-scores of height-for-age (HAZ) and waist circumference. To define insulin resistance were measured using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Data were then analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and Spearman test.Results: There was found 75% subjects with high HOMA-IR value. HOMA-IR value in TBAM-obesity was 42.5% higher than TBBM-obesity was 32.5% (p= 0,088). Waist circumference and Waist to Height Ratio(WHtR) has a correlation on the increased HOMA-IR value (r= 0.662 p=0.000 and  r= 0.333 p=0.036) and height does not has a correlation on the increased HOMA-IR value (r=0.235; p= 0.144). Conclusion: Insulin resistance from all subject were found 75%. Waist circumference and Waist to Height Ratio(WHtR) has a correlation on the increased HOMA-IR value and height does not has a correlation on the increased HOMA-IR value.
HUBUNGAN USIA PENGENALAN SAYUR DAN BUAH DENGAN TINGKAT KONSUMSI SAYUR DAN BUAH PADA ANAK PRASEKOLAH USIA 3-5 TAHUN
Authors: Damayanti Tri , Murbawani Etisa Adi , Fitranti Deny Yudi
Published: January 2019

Latar Belakang : Tingkat konsumsi sayur dan buah pada anak prasekolah dibawah dari angka yang direkomendasikan. Pengenalan sayur dan buah pada anak oleh orang tua sangat penting dalam pengembangan awal penerimaan dan pola makan sayur dan buah yang akan diterapkan sampai anak tersebut dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara usia pengenalan sayur dan buah dengan tingkat konsumsi sayur dan buah pada anak prasekolah usia 3-5 tahun.Metode : Desain penelitian cross-sectional dengan 53 anak prasekolah usia 3-5 tahun dipilih secara Consecutive Sampling. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Wonotingal dan Kelurahan Candisari (wilayah kerja Pukesmas Kagok), Semarang. Data usia pengenalan sayur dan buah diperoleh melalui wawancara kuesioner. Data tingkat konsumsi sayur dan buah dipeoleh melalui SQ-FFQ (Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Quesioner. Analisis menggunakan uji korelasi Rank Spearman.Hasil : Median usia pengenalan sayur 8,17 bulan dan buah usia 7,6 bulan. Median tingkat konsumsi sayur pada anak sebesar 84,78 gr/hari dan buah sebesar 98,94 gr/hari. Usia pengenalan sayur tidak berhubungan dengan tingkat konsumsi sayur (p=0,193) dan usia pengenalan buah berhubungan dengan tingkat konsumsi buah (p=0,045). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa sebesar 20,5% ketersediaan buah berpengaruh terhadap tingkat konsumsi buah.Simpulan : Tidak terdapat hubungan antara usia pengenalan sayur dengan tingkat konsumsi sayur, sedangkan usia pengenalan buah berhubungan negatif dengan tingkat konsumsi buah pada anak prasekolah usia 3-5 tahun.
HUBUNGAN KECACINGAN DENGAN STATUS GIZI DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR KELAS IV DAN V DI KELURAHAN BANDARHARJO SEMARANG
Authors: Kamila Annida Dini , Margawati Ani , Nuryanto Nuryanto
Published: January 2019

Latar Belakang : Kecacingan merupakan salah satu dari 10 besar penyakit anak di Indonesia. Kejadian kecacingan terbanyak disebabkan oleh infeksi cacing STH (Soil Transmitted Helminths). Dampak kecacingan yang terjadi pada anak usia sekolah yaitu dapat mengakibatkan menurunnya kondisi kesehatan, gizi, kecerdasan dan produktifitas penderitanya. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan kecacingan dengan status gizi dan prestasi belajar pada anak sekolah dasar kelas IV dan V di Kelurahan Bandarharjo Semarang.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain cross-sectional yang dilakukan di seluruh sekolah dasar di Kelurahan Bandarharjo Semarang dengan jumlah subjek 68 siswa. Pemeriksaan STH dilakukan dengan metode Koato-Katz, penilaian status gizi dengan pengukuran antropometri IMT/U, dan prestasi belajar menggunakan nilai rapor. Data dianalisis menggunakan Uji Chi Square dan  Uji Fisher’s Exact.Hasil : Terdapat 2 anak (2,9%) positif terinfeksi Ascaris lumbricoides dengan kategori ringan, persentase anak dengan status gizi kurang (30,9%) dan (50%) anak memiliki prestasi belajar kurang. Berdasarkan uji statistik tidak terdapat hubungan antara kecacingan dengan status gizi (p=1,00) dan prestasi belajar siswa (p=0,49) serta tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara status gizi dengan prestasi belajar (p=0,431).Simpulan : Tidak ada hubungan antara kecacingan dengan status gizi maupun dengan prestasi belajar. Serta tidak ada hubungan antara status gizi dengan prestasi belajar pada anak SD di Kelurahan Bandarharjo Semarang.