bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BHSeP40 Robotic complex abdominal wall reconstruction is safe and cost-effective: analysis of introduction of robotic AWR to an NHS practice
Authors: Ward Thomas , Al-Amiedy Zaid , Sharma Amit , Walsh Ciaran , Simpson Gregory
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Robotic assisted surgery is the latest advance in minimally invasive surgery, combining abdominal wall reconstruction and restoration of functional anatomy with reduced wound morbidity and recovery time. The aim of this article is to review the cost of robotic (rAWR) vs open abdominal wall reconstruction (oAWR), for complex hernias.

Method

We reviewed a prospective database of all AWR conducted since the start of performing rAWR. We collected data from the electronic patient record including demographics, theatre times, length of stay, length of planned/unplanned admission to HDU, ASA, Charleson-comorbidity index, primary vs recurrent hernia repair, complications, and mortality. All patients were followed-up for 30days post-op via the electronic record for complications and re-admissions.

Results

We collected data of 46 cases (28 robotic, 18 open). Median LOS was rAWR 1.5 days, oAWR 6.5 days. There were no incidences of mortality in either group in the 30 days of follow-up. There was one incidence of conversion to open from rAWR. For our cohort, the rAWR was £2123.14 cheaper per case than oAWR. This is due to savings in length of stay, reduced PCA usage, shorter and less complex anaesthesia. This per-procedure saving represents a significant cost saving, helping to offset the cost of the robotic system.

Conclusion

This is real-world data of the successful introduction of complex robotic AWR to NHS practice. Robotic cAWR is safe and cost saving and significantly reduces length of stay.
BHSeP41 The use of Phasix™ bioresorbable mesh with posterior component separation for complex abdominal wall reconstruction: 3 year series
Authors: Snashall Emma , Rajaretnam Niroshini , Scott Michael , West Chris
Published: January 2025

Phasix™ biosynthetic mesh, manufactured from a biologically-derived absorbable polymer Poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB), comprises a monofilament scaffold that allows tissue ingrowth and is fully resorbed by hydrolysis in 12–18 months. Advantages include maintaining the tensile strength of a synthetic mesh whilst addressing the favourable properties of remodelling of a biological mesh.

We report our 3 year follow-up outcome data for this mesh in Abdominal Wall Reconstruction (AWR) at the largest UK AWR centre.

Method

5 year retrospective analysis (2016–2021) of consecutive AWR procedures performed using Phasix™ mesh, with minimum 3-year follow up period. Patients identified from electronic records. Standardised procedure involved radical skin excision, extraperitoneal posterior component separation (Rives-Stoppa [RS] or transversus abdominis release [TAR]) and sublay mesh placement. All patients operated jointly by a single plastic and general surgery consultant pair.

Results

206 reconstructive procedures performed using Phasix TM mesh in patients with a male:female ratio of 1.6:1, mean age 53 (range 27–86) and mean BMI 30.9 (16.9–55.4). RS technique used in 81% with 19% requiring TAR. Mean LOS was 4.75 days (SD 3.6). Wound complications reported in 12.6% (n = 26) and seroma rate 6.8% (n = 14), both significantly associated with obesity (OR 6.6, P < 0.09 and OR 6.3, P < 0.02 respectively). Venous thromboembolism reported in 2% (n = 4), respiratory complications in 9% (n = 19) and ileus in 1.9% (n = 4). Hernia recurrence 1.9% (n = 4). Mortality in 1 patient (BMI 44, ASA 3).

Conclusion

Our data supports the safe use of biosynthetic mesh in AWR with a low recurrence rate and acceptable complication rate.
Copper in colorectal cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Muñoz-Bravo Carlos , Marín-Burdallo Inés , González-Herrera Lucas , González-Palacios Torres Carla , Lozano-Lorca Macarena , Jiménez-Moleón José Juan , Olmedo-Requena Rocío
Published: January 2025

Several clinical studies have evaluated the relationship between copper on colorectal cancer (CRC), but the results are contradictory. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate copper measured in two biological matrices (serum/plasma/blood and tissue) and dietary intake in CRC patients compared to healthy controls. We conducted a comprehensive and systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. We included studies that reported copper levels in serum/plasma/blood, tissue, or from the diet, with an observational study design (cohort and case–control studies). Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa scale and potential causes of heterogeneity were evaluated. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled using random-effect models. Overall pooled odds ratio and 95% CI for the risk of CRC were calculated. Twenty-six studies (23 case–control and 3 cohort studies) with a total of 227 354 participants were included. Most of the studies presented low (50%) or moderate quality (42.3%). No differences in serum/plasma/blood copper levels (SMD = 0.23; 95% CI: −0.23, 0.70; I2 = 97.3%, 19 studies), tissue copper levels (SMD = −1.69; 95% CI: −3.41, 0.03; I2 = 85.6%, 2 studies), or copper/zinc ratio (SMD = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.54, 1.84; I2 = 95.3%, 6 studies) were found between CRC patients and healthy controls. Regarding dietary copper, CRC patients had a lower intake (SMD = −0.27; 95% CI: −0.51, −0.03; I2 = 0.0%, 2 studies). No differences were found in copper levels between CRC patients and healthy controls. However, evidence shows mostly low or moderate quality, and results were heterogeneous. More prospective studies with an adequate methodological approach are needed.
Quantum chemically calculated Abraham parameters for quantifying and predicting polymer hydrophobicity
Authors: Hickey Kevin P , MacDonell Margaret M , Picel Kurt C
Published: January 2025

The leakage and accumulation of plastic in the environment is a significant and growing problem with numerous detrimental impacts and has led to a push toward the design and development of more environmentally benign materials. To this end, we have developed a quantum chemistry-based model for predicting the mobility of polymer materials from molecular structure. Hydrophobicity is used as a surrogate for mobility given that hydrophobic interactions drive much of the partitioning of contaminants in and out of various environmentally relevant compartments. To model polymer hydrophobicity, we adjusted a previously developed Quantum Chemically Calculated Abraham Parameter model to calculate Abraham parameters of small molecules from molecular structure information. The resulting model predicted the octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW) of polymer repeating units with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.48 (log scale). Additionally, the hydrophobicity of high molecular weight polymer materials was captured through solubility parameters and Nile red staining experiments from the literature and predicted with RMSEs of 1.21 (J/cc)0.5 and 3.42 nm, respectively. Finally, to test the environmental applicability of the model, the relative adsorption capacity of three polymers was predicted and used to unify sorption isotherms across multiple sorbates and polymer sorbents.
Influences of gonad developmental stage on ovary selenium concentrations in fish—implications for ovary selenium monitoring
Authors: Brix Kevin V , Tear Lucinda M , Elphick James , Ings Jennifer , Detering Claire , Carr Meghan , Raes Katherine , Arnold Mariah C , Adzic Marko , Hecker Markus , de Bruyn Adrian , DeForest David K
Published: January 2025

Monitoring selenium (Se) concentrations in fish ovaries is an important tool for evaluating the ecological risk posed by Se in aquatic systems. Most guidance recommends sampling fish ovaries as closely as possible to when fish spawn on the premise that Se is mobilized from the liver to the ovary during vitellogenesis, and therefore, sampling ovaries during the early phases of oocyte maturation may underestimate egg Se concentrations at the time of spawning. In this study, we evaluated ovary Se data from two species with synchronous oocyte development (Ptychocheilus oregonensis and Prosopium williamsoni), one species with asynchronous oocyte development (Richardsonius balteatus), and one where the mode of development is unclear (Mylocheilus caurinus). A multivariate analysis of ovary Se as a function of fish sampling location, size, and gonado-somatic index (GSI) demonstrated ovary Se was strongly negatively correlated with GSI in fish species with synchronous oocyte development but only weakly correlated in a species with asynchronous development. In R. balteatus, a relationship between expressible (released) egg Se and remaining ovary Se was observed, with egg concentrations ∼54% of ovary concentrations on average. Overall, our findings suggest that current understanding of the mechanisms by which Se is maternally transferred to oocytes is not entirely correct and raises questions regarding how and when during the reproductive cycle Se is mobilized to ovaries. Further, our findings have significant implications for interpretation of ovary Se monitoring data collected from unripe fish. We developed regression-based models to correct ovary Se data that are biased by sampling females not in spawning condition and demonstrate how this bias can impact evaluation of Se risk to fish.
Diversity and ‘successful ageing’: exploring intersectional and existential dimensions to ageing well
Authors: Pickard Susan , Cluley Victoria , Sharma Surinder , Oli Upanish , Thomas-Ekweh Gifty , Banerjee Jay , Williams Chris , Conroy Simon , Vanhoutte Bram , Labeit Alex
Published: January 2025

Background and objectives

This paper aims to add to the literature on successful ageing in minoritized ethnic groups. Concurring with the critiques of ‘successful ageing’ for focusing on values and abilities more attainable by white middle-class older people, it explores alternative discourses according to which older people from minoritized groups consider themselves to be ‘ageing well’.

Research design and methods

The paper draws on original empirical material derived from a longitudinal research project focused on five minority ethnic groups living in a city (and surrounding areas) of the UK known for its diverse population. It draws on photovoice methods conducted with the participants and analyses the material through (i) a focus on intersectionality as a framing device that is dynamic over time and (ii) phenomenological approaches to old age as a distinct life stage existentially.

Results

Although intersectionality is framed in the literature almost exclusively in terms of disadvantage, older participants made use of assets as well as deficits (which they often turned into assets) to construct a sense of meaning and purpose that enabled them to age well and flourish in often challenging circumstances.

Discussion and implications

The images and narratives presented here challenge the normative depictions of a good or successful old age constructed from the perspective of white and middle-class older adults. They add a diverse range of alternative depictions of ageing well which will be of help for clinicians and others in supporting diverse older people to flourish in conditions of health as well as frailty.
Numerical analysis of a spherical harmonic discontinuous Galerkin method for scaled radiative transfer equations with isotropic scattering
Authors: Sheng Qiwei , Hauck Cory D , Xing Yulong
Published: January 2025

In highly diffusion regimes when the mean free path $\varepsilon $ tends to zero, the radiative transfer equation has an asymptotic behavior which is governed by a diffusion equation and the corresponding boundary condition. Generally, a numerical scheme for solving this problem has the truncation error containing an $\varepsilon ^{-1}$ contribution that leads to a nonuniform convergence for small $\varepsilon $. Such phenomenons require high resolutions of discretizations, which degrades the performance of the numerical scheme in the diffusion limit. In this paper, we first provide a priori estimates for the scaled spherical harmonic ($P_{N}$) radiative transfer equation. Then we present an error analysis for the spherical harmonic discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method of the scaled radiative transfer equation showing that, under some additional assumptions, its solutions converge uniformly in $\varepsilon $ to the solution of the scaled radiative transfer equation. We further present an optimal convergence result for the DG method with the upwind flux on Cartesian grids. Error estimates of $\left (1+\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon )\right )h^{k+1}$ (where $h$ is the maximum element length) are obtained when tensor product polynomials of degree at most $k$ are used.
Prion protein modulation of virus-specific T cell differentiation and function during acute viral infection
Authors: Viramontes Karla M , Thone Melissa N , DeRogatis Julia M , Neubert Emily N , Henriquez Monique L , De La Torre Jamie-Jean , Tinoco Roberto
Published: January 2025

The differentiation and functionality of virus-specific T cells during acute viral infections are crucial for establishing long-term protective immunity. While numerous molecular regulators impacting T cell responses have been uncovered, the role of cellular prion proteins (PrPc) remains underexplored. Here, we investigated the impact of PrPc deficiency on the differentiation and function of virus-specific T cells using the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) Armstrong acute infection model. Our findings reveal that Prnp–/– mice exhibit a robust expansion of virus-specific CD8+ T cells, with similar activation profiles as wild-type mice during the early stages of infection. However, Prnp–/– mice had higher frequencies and numbers of virus-specific memory CD8+ T cells, along with altered differentiation profiles characterized by increased central and effector memory subsets. Despite similar proliferation rates early during infection, Prnp–/– memory CD8+ T cells had decreased proliferation compared with their wild-type counterparts. Additionally, Prnp–/– mice had higher numbers of cytokine-producing memory CD8+ T cells, indicating a more robust functional response. Furthermore, Prnp–/– mice had increased virus-specific CD4+ T cell responses, suggesting a broader impact of PrPc deficiency on T cell immunity. These results unveil a previously unrecognized role for PrPc in regulating the differentiation, proliferation, and functionality of virus-specific T cells, providing valuable insights into immune system regulation by prion proteins during viral infections.
Reduced autoimmunity associated with deletion of host CD73
Authors: Okeugo Beanna , Armbrister Shabba A , Daniel Rhea C , Saleh Zeina M , Wang Jessica , Giorgberidze Salomea , Rhoads J Marc , Liu Yuying
Published: January 2025

CD73 is ubiquitously expressed and regulates critical functions across multiple organ systems. The sequential actions of CD39 and CD73 accomplish the conversion of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine and shift the adenosine triphosphate–driven proinflammatory immune cell milieu toward an anti-inflammatory state. This immunological switch is a major mechanism by which regulatory T (Treg) cells control inflammation. Foxp3 engages in Treg development and function. Foxp3 mutations result in the scurfy (SF) mouse phenotype and a rapidly lethal lymphoproliferative syndrome. We generated double knockout (KO) mouse (CD73KOSF) by breeding heterozygous Foxp3sf/J females to CD73KO male mice to remove host CD73. We initially aimed to use these mice to identify a specific probiotic-CD73 effect, previously shown for Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938. We expected CD73 deletion to enhance the severity of autoimmunity in SF mice. However, we unexpectedly observed that KO of host CD73 in SF mice clinically reduced the severity of autoimmunity including reduced ear thickness, increased ear size, and less deformed ears, along with less dry and brittle skin. KO of CD73 in SF mice significantly reduced the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+T cells in spleen and blood. We identified that KO of CD73 in SF mice reduced the numbers of T cells in the thymus compared with those in SF mice, indicating that the milder clinical phenotype may be due to reduced central and peripheral lymphoproliferation. These new findings suggest targeting CD73 could improve T cell–mediated dermatitis, one of the most common symptoms in Treg deficiency–associated primary immune deficiencies.
On Derivatives of Kato’s Euler System and the Mazur-Tate Conjecture
Authors: Burns David , Kurihara Masato , Sano Takamichi
Published: January 2025

We provide a new interpretation of the Mazur-Tate Conjecture and then use it to obtain the first (unconditional) theoretical evidence in support of the conjecture for elliptic curves of strictly positive rank.
Evaluation of the water quality monitoring program of mountain Rivers located in a tropical protected Atlantic Forest area (PARNASO, Brazil): are the impacts of the highway really assessed?
Authors: Lopes Marcele Abreu , Teixeira Marco Antônio Gomes , Lema Maurício Lorenzo Cerda , Nepomuceno Aguinaldo
Published: January 2025

Road activities are recognized sources of pollution that affect the hydrochemistry of nearby water bodies. This study evaluated the Water Quality Monitoring Program in the Soberbo and Iconha rivers in the Guapi-Macacu watershed, which is affected by the BR-116 highway. The Rio-Teresópolis Concessionaire from 2009 to 2016 carried out quarterly sampling. The parameters analyzed were: temperature, pH, turbidity, settleable solids, DO, BOD, NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, PO4-3, total and thermotolerant coliforms, Fe, Ni, Cr and Zn. PO4-3, pH, BOD and thermotolerant coliforms sometimes exceed the freshwater limits set by the National Environment Council (CONAMA 357/05, 2005). However, these values did not change the classification of "good" according to the water quality index used by the Brazilian environmental authorities for river waters. Precipitation was an important factor in understanding the hydrochemistry. Monthly precipitation ranged from 779.8 mm in January 2013 to 2.8 mm in July 2010. Temporal analysis using non-parametric tests showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in almost all parameters, indicating a strong influence of precipitation patterns on water quality. On a spatial scale, only coliform was found to differ between rivers (p < 0.01), suggesting an anthropogenic influence. Principal component analysis showed that chemical weathering and mechanical erosion processes predominated in both rivers (PC1: Soberbo River - 20.3%; Iconha River - 26.7%). Rainfall was identified as a secondary factor associated with coliforms and NH4+, especially in the Iconha River (PC2: Soberbo River—10.8%; Iconha River—11.9%), whose altitude indicated the atmospheric contribution of pollution from the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. The reports of the Water Quality Monitoring Program were critically evaluated, resulting in recommendations aimed at optimizing their effectiveness and providing support for decision-making on the management of water resources in environmental protection areas.
Short, extended and continuous infusion of β-lactams: predicted impact on target attainment and risk for toxicity in an ICU patient cohort
Authors: Smekal Anna-Karin , Swartling Maria , Furebring Mia , Giske Christian G , Jönsson Siv , Lipcsey Miklos , Nielsen Elisabet I
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study aimed to predict the impact of different infusion strategies on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target attainment and the potential risk for toxicity in an ICU cohort treated with β-lactams.

Method

Using collected patient data from 137 adult ICU patients, and applying population PK models, individual PK parameters were estimated and used to predict concentrations and target attainment following cefotaxime 2 g q8h, piperacillin/tazobactam 4.5 g q6h and meropenem 1 g q8h, applying 15 min short infusions (SI), 3 h extended infusions (EI) and 24 h continuous infusion (CI). The MIC level of the most common primary pathogens, and the worst-case scenario (WCS) pathogen, were used in analyses.

Results

For primary pathogens, target was reached in 94% (129/137) using SI. For WCS pathogens treated with piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem, 78% (65/83) and 92% (76/83) reached target using SI and EI, respectively. However, target attainment was lower for cefotaxime [SI: 31% (17/54), EI: 44% (24/54)]. Overall, the number of individuals with potentially toxic concentrations was low, both in EI (n = 7) and SI (n = 5). For CI and WCS, target was reached in 50% (27/54), 96% (54/56) and 93% (25/27) for cefotaxime, piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem, respectively.

Conclusions

In a Swedish ICU cohort target attainment rates for primary pathogens were high regardless of infusion strategy. In WCS pathogens, SI was insufficient, suggesting the benefit of routine use of EI or CI. However, for cefotaxime, target attainment remained low also with EI and CI. The use of CI might lead to unnecessarily high concentrations, but well-established toxicity levels are lacking and future studies are warranted.
O04 Use of the novel antifungal rezafungin in outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy: early experience from a single centre
Authors: Davidson H , Dunstan I , Yau T , Houston A , Basarab M , Bicanic T
Published: January 2025

Background

Rezafungin is a novel long-acting echinocandin antifungal drug with weekly dosing, which was licensed for treatment of invasive candidiasis in the UK in January 2024. We report on the early use of rezafungin in our outpatient parental antibiotic therapy (OPAT) service.

Objectives

To review indications, treatment regimens, outcomes and adverse events in adult patients receiving rezafungin at a tertiary infectious disease centre.

Methods

All adult patients who received rezafungin therapy via the OPAT service since it was added to the hospital formulary in July 2024 were included. Patient demographics, infection diagnosis, treatment regimens and outcomes were recorded. A single dose of rezafungin was assumed to be equivalent to seven doses of a comparable echinocandin (e.g. anidulafungin).

Results

Five patients (age range 30–80 years) received rezafungin therapy between July 2024 and October 2024. A total of 18 doses were administered. The median course length was 4 doses (range: 2–5). One patient received two courses of rezafungin as part of a planned series, otherwise patients received a single course. Indications for treatment were Candida osteomyelitis, recurrent mucocutaneous candidiasis (3 oral/oesophageal, 2 resistant or refractory to fluconazole; 1 drug interactions), and pulmonary aspergilloma (cyclical use: 2 weeks’ course every 8 weeks, in combination with voriconazole due to progression on monotherapy). Reasons for choosing rezafungin over daily echinocandins were patient preference/convenience, facilitating earlier patient discharge (1 case) and cost effectiveness compared with the cost of daily caspofungin administration by the OPAT nurses. Underlying conditions predisposing to fungal infection were diabetes mellitus (3), immunosuppression secondary to liver transplantation, STAT1 gain-of-function mutation and multisystem sarcoidosis on long-term prednisolone. All patients with mucocutaneous candidiasis reported a treatment response; treatment in the patient with aspergilloma and the patient with osteomyelitis is ongoing. Regarding treatment-emergent adverse reactions: there were no cases of pyrexia, hypokalaemia, pneumonia or septic shock (the most common AEs in reported in the RESTORE trial). One hundred and nine doses of equivalent echinocandin were saved through once weekly dosing.

Conclusions

Early use of rezafungin at our centre suggests it is a well-tolerated, convenient and useful addition to the antifungal armamentarium, particularly in the outpatient setting. Monitoring of blood tests is essential, particularly haemoglobin, renal function and electrolytes, including magnesium.
P17 Influence of drug infusion pumps compared with an electronic prescribing and medicines administration (ePMA) system on vancomycin pharmacokinetic model fit: implications for bacterial resistance breakpoints in critically ill adults and children
Authors: Oakley Robert , Vanniasegaram Divyen , Ostrowska Claire , Da Silva Cristina , Cookes Sophie , Mian Atif , Sprawka-Koszel Agnieszka , Davidson Harriet , Mohebi Qurban , Shah Reya , Manna Soumendu , Standing Joseph , Lonsdale Dagan O
Published: January 2025

Background

Pharmacokinetic models contribute to calculating resistance suppression breakpoints and optimizing antibiotic doses. Antibiotic administration details, blood concentrations and sample times, infection and patient characteristics are required. Inputted data is assumed errorless. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic administered by intermittent or continuous infusion. The vancomycin pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile combines the 24 h AUC to MIC ratio (AUC0–24:MIC). AUC0–24:MIC breakpoint ≥578 mg/L.h is required in critically ill patients.1

Objectives

Compare the model fit accuracy and breakpoint attainment using vancomycin dose and administration times recorded by infusion pumps and an ePMA system.

Methods

An observational study involving critically ill adults and children treated with vancomycin extracted data from participants’ nurse-programmed infusion pumps, ePMA system documentation, and up to 15 individually taken blood samples. Optimum structural models were built using population-pharmacokinetic software (nlmixr2). Model fit assessed using objective function value (OFV). Individual AUC0–24:MIC calculated using isolate or empirical 1 mg/L MIC, model outputted clearance and prescribed dose(s) within initial 24 h of treatment.

Results

The paediatric ePMA informed 1-compartment model (OFV=354) gave a better fit than the pump 2-compartment model (OFV=362). The adult pump 2-compartment model (OFV=242) provided a better fit than the ePMA model, whereby only a 1-compartment could be stabilized (OFV=259). Paediatric participant breakpoint attainment was 30% (3/10) using the ePMA model and 50% (5/10) using the pump model. In adults, breakpoint attainment was 33% (4/12) with the pump model compared with 50% (6/12) using the ePMA model. The pump model predicted suboptimal breakpoints in the two adults encountering vancomycin resistance, unlike the ePMA model.

Conclusions

Administration data source affects model fitting and therefore breakpoint calculation. Recording errors related to infusion pump programming constraints, infusion type and setting are responsible. Pharmacokinetic models built using routine clinical data should state sources and implement data accuracy integrity measures.
P25 Polymicrobial UTI: could Lodestar DX be used to differentiate between contamination or true infection?
Authors: Diggle Joanna , Drazich-Taylor Stuart , Moore James , McCann Brian , Hayward John , Hayhurst Emma
Published: January 2025

Background

As much as one-third of urine samples which are sent for culture are commonly reported as heavy mixed growth, in line with the current guidelines on UTI reporting. However, it is possible that these may be representative of true polymicrobial infection especially in symptomatic at-risk patient populations. The Lodestar DX UTI is a novel LAMP-based molecular test designed for point of care UTI diagnosis, consisting of a panel of seven uropathogens: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. It was hypothesized that microbial DNA identification may be able to accurately identify clinically relevant levels of uropathogens in mixed growth samples and may aid in improving diagnosis.

Objectives

To determine whether Lodestar DX could be used to accurately detect clinically relevant uropathogens from urine cultures designated heavy mixed growth.

Methods

This work was part of a larger performance evaluation comparing Lodestar DX with standard laboratory culture (flow cytometry and culture). Samples reported as heavy mixed growth by culture had the initial inoculum culture plate reviewed by the evaluation team, to assess whether the Lodestar DX test had accurately identified visible relevant uropathogens within the polymicrobial growth.

Results

Of the 241 samples selected for analysis, 35 were reported as heavy mixed growth. Of these, 23 had the inoculum culture plate successfully reviewed and the remaining 12 could not be reviewed; in most cases this was due to the plates being discarded prior to review. Lodestar DX correctly identified at least one relevant uropathogen visible within the growth in 20 of the 23 reviewed culture plate samples. Of the remaining three samples, one contained E. coli which was not detected by Lodestar, one contained an unknown coliform not detected by Lodestar, and one sample contained no significant uropathogen growth, but Lodestar detected E. coli, Enterococcus/S. aureus and Klebsiella.

Conclusions

From the polymicrobial infections which were able to be reviewed as part of this evaluation, Lodestar DX correctly identified clinically relevant uropathogens in 87% of the mixed-growth cultures. Whether this represents a true infection or heavily contaminated sample is not clear, but in clinical scenarios where the growth is deemed significant, Lodestar DX is able to accurately identify the common uropathogens present. Identification of the organisms in mixed samples may help guide subsequent therapy and facilitate narrow spectrum prescribing.
Influence of source of origin and region of finishing on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing heifers fed in the United States
Authors: DeHaan Erin R , Dornbach Colten W , Blair Amanda D , Burdick Sanchez Nicole C , Carroll Jeffery A , Broadway Paul R , Rusche Warren C , Hales Kristin E , Smith Zachary K
Published: January 2025

The objective was to evaluate growth performance and carcass traits of finishing beef heifers sourced and finished in different regions in the U.S. Heifers (n = 190; initial body weight [BW] 483 ± 0.4 kg and 425 ± 1.9 kg for South Dakota [SD] and TX sourced, respectively) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of origin state (SD vs. TX) and finishing state (SD vs. TX) was used. Heifers were allotted on day −1 to: 1) sourced from SD and finished in SD (SD-SD), 2) sourced from SD and finished in TX (SD-TX), 3) sourced from TX and finished in SD (TX-SD), and 4) sourced from TX and finished in TX (TX-TX). Heifers were weighed on d -1, 3, 15, 28, 56, 78 (TX-TX and SD-TX) and 90 (SD-SD and TX-SD). On day 0, SD-TX and TX-SD heifers were shipped to their respective finishing locations. The following morning (day 1), SD-TX and TX-SD heifers were individually weighed to determine transit shrink. To monitor transit stress effects, vaginal temperature probes were used on all SD-TX and TX-SD heifers and a portion of SD-SD and TX-TX heifers on day −1 and removed on day 3. Clinical attitude scores (CAS) were recorded on days −1, 0, 1, 2, and 3 for bovine respiratory disease symptoms. Transported heifers had decreased temperatures (P ≤ 0.01) during transit and post-transit and increased (P ≤ 0.01) vaginal temperature during loading and unloading compared to non-transported heifers. On days 0, 1, and 3 there was a shift in the distribution of heifers that had a CAS score greater than 0 for TX-TX, SD-TX, and TX-SD. Heifers endured elevated ambient temperatures (temperature-humidity index > 75) for 54% and 18% of the feeding period for TX and SD. Growth performance and carcass trait interactions were significant (P < 0.01) except for day −1 BW, percent shrink during transit, average daily gain, dressing percent, ribeye area, and liver abscess severity, which did not differ (P > 0.30). A shift in the distribution (P < 0.02) towards a greater proportion of Yield Grade (YG) 1 and Select carcasses was observed for TX versus SD. Overall, heifers transported to higher ambient temperatures had improved overall YGs but decreased dry matter intake, quality grades (QG), and limited growth recovery (45 kg lighter) following transit than non-transported heifers. Heifers transported to lower ambient temperatures recovered growth and had improved QG (P < 0.02) at the same thickness of rib fat compared to non-transported heifers but had decreased overall yield and yield grades.
Rehabilitation Interventions for Fear-Avoidance Beliefs and Behaviors in Sudden Onset Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lu Julia , Kobelsky Emma , Fung Jason , Sogomonian Tamara , Edger-Lacoursière Zoë , Nedelec Bernadette
Published: January 2025

Fear avoidance (FA) describes beliefs and behaviors related to avoiding movements or activities after a painful event. Fear avoidance is a prevalent issue that limits the recovery outcomes and social reintegration of burn survivors. However, as current literature focuses on chronic conditions, understanding the impact and treatment of FA within sudden onset musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions, specifically in the burn survivor population, is lacking. The purpose of this scoping review is to synthesize evidence-based rehabilitation interventions aimed at improving FA behaviors and beliefs after sudden onset MSK conditions and to provide suggestions for clinical application with the burn survivor population. Ovid Medline, Ovid EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were sourced from inception to May 2023. Monthly Google Scholar searches and hand-searching of included articles’ reference lists were done to add additional relevant publications. Eligibility criteria included: (1) adults with sudden onset MSK condition, (2) intervention from a rehabilitation professional, and (3) FA as the primary outcome. Four authors performed data extraction using the TIDIER checklist. Seven intervention types were identified: (1) education; (2) exercise; (3) graded motor imagery; (4) manual therapy (MT); (5) multimodal—education with exercise; (6) multimodal—education with MT and exercise; and (7) multimodal—interactive gaming console with exercise. All intervention types, except MT, demonstrated significant decreases in FA. This review summarizes effective rehabilitation interventions to address FA while highlighting the role of rehabilitation professionals in improving function and alleviating potential disability stemming from FA despite physical recovery.
Moth caterpillar embryos and parasitoid egg infection as revealed in vivo and visualized by micro-CT scanning
Authors: Smith Ryan J , Han Liwen , Bede Jacqueline C , Dutilleul Pierre
Published: January 2025

The Lepidopteran pest Trichoplusia ni and the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma brassicae represent a fascinating biological system, important for sustainable agricultural practices but challenging to observe. We present a nondestructive method based on micro-CT scanning technology (CT: computed tomography) for visualizing the internal parts of caterpillar embryos and of emerging parasitoids from infected eggs. Traditional methods of microscopic observation of the opaque egg contents require staining or dissection. To explore the biological system nondestructively, we optimized the application of micro-CT scanning to construct 3-D images of insects in vivo.
Host range of the oothecal parasitoid Aprostocetus hagenowii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Authors: Smith Chelsea M , Fadamiro Henry Y , Appel Arthur G
Published: January 2025

Aprostocetus hagenowii (Ratzburg) is a generalist parasitoid of cockroach (Blattodea) oothecae. Previous studies examining the host range of A. hagenowii have largely focused on cockroaches of economic and medical importance, which represent a minority of species in an order filled with species of diverse morphology, behavior, and ecology. The aim of this study was to expand the known host range of A. hagenowii with emphasis on nonpest as well as pest species from 3 cockroach families (Blattidae, Corydiidae, and Ectobiidae). Previously recorded host species were also reexamined. Oothecae from 17 cockroach species were exposed to A. hagenowii. Three new host species were recorded: Blatta lateralis (Walker) (Blattidae), Neostylopyga propinqua (Shelford) (Blattidae), and Parcoblatta fulvescens (Saussure and Zehntner) (Ectobiidae). Among the reexamined host species Periplaneta australasiae (Fab.) (Blattidae), Blatta orientalis L. (Blattidae), and Neostylopyga rhombifolia (Stoll) (Blattidae) were successfully parasitized. The cuticle thicknesses of 7 cockroach species’ oothecae were also investigated. There were significant differences [Kruskal–Wallis: each zone (below keel, side, and bottom) measured P < 0.001] in cuticle thickness among the species measured. Polyphaga sassurei (Dohrn) (Corydiidae) and Eurycotis floridana (Walker) (Blattidae) had the thickest cuticles (each zone >0.09 mm) and Blattella germanica (L.) (Ectobiidae) had the thinnest (each zone <0.03 mm). However, the mean A. hagenowii ovipositor length (0.92 mm ± 0.01 mm) far exceeded the thickest oothecae measured. Oothecal cuticle thickness alone was not observed to determine the host suitability of each tested cockroach species for A. hagenowii.
Evidentiary challenges in the litigation of war reparations: Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (DRC v Uganda)
Authors: Rose Cecily
Published: January 2025

The reparations phase of Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v Uganda) raised myriad evidentiary problems for the International Court of Justice (ICJ), which had never before heard a case concerning compensation for war damages. The failure of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to produce sufficient evidence was compounded by the ICJ’s approach to evidentiary issues, including the manner in which it instructed its own court-appointed experts. Meanwhile, several reparations decisions of the International Criminal Court in the DRC situation show that the extent of the challenges before the ICJ was not inevitable. The ICJ ought to have done more to ensure a stronger evidentiary basis for its decision to order Uganda to pay the DRC US$325 million in compensation. This article analyses some of the evidentiary problems that arose in this case and suggests alternative approaches.
Checking trustworthiness of probabilistic computations in a typed natural deduction system
Authors: D’Asaro F A , Genco F A , Primiero G
Published: January 2025

In this paper we present the probabilistic typed natural deduction calculus TPTND, designed to reason about and derive trustworthiness properties of probabilistic computational processes, like those underlying current AI applications. Derivability in TPTND is interpreted as the process of extracting $n$ samples of possibly complex outputs with a certain frequency from a given categorical distribution. We formalize trust for such outputs as a form of hypothesis testing on the distance between such frequency and the intended probability. The main advantage of the calculus is to render such notion of trustworthiness checkable. We present a computational semantics for the terms over which we reason and then the semantics of TPTND, where logical operators as well as a Trust operator are defined through introduction and elimination rules. We illustrate structural and metatheoretical properties, with particular focus on the ability to establish under which term evaluations and logical rules applications the notion of trustworthiness can be preserved.
Interacting galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulations – VIII. Pericentric star formation rate enhancements are driven both by increased fuelling and efficiency
Authors: Faria Lawrence , Patton David R , Courteau Stéphane , Ellison Sara , Brown Westley
Published: January 2025

Using the TNG100-1 cosmological simulations, we explore how galaxy properties, such as specific star formation rate ($\rm sSFR=SFR/\mathit{ M}_*$), gas fraction ($f_{\rm gas} \, = \, M_{\rm H}/M_{*}$), and star formation efficiency ($\rm SFE_{H} = SFR/\mathit{ M}_{H}$), change over the course of galaxy–galaxy interactions. We identify 18 534 distinct encounters from the reconstructed orbits of a sample of massive galaxies ($M_{*} > 10^{10} \,\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$) with companions within a stellar mass ratio of 0.1–10. Using these encounters, we study the variation of galaxy properties over time as they approach and move away from pericentric encounters over a redshift range of $0 \le z \lt 1$. Following the closest pericentric encounters ($\le 50$ kpc) of a host galaxy with its companion, we find that sSFR is enhanced by a factor of $1.6 \pm 0.1$ on average within the central stellar half-mass radius (R1/2) compared to pre-encounter values. Our results show a time delay between pericentre and maximum sSFR enhancement of $\sim$0.1 Gyr with a mean galaxy separation of 75 kpc. We similarly find that $f_{\rm gas}$ is enhanced by a factor of $1.2 \pm 0.1$, and $\rm SFE_{H}$ is enhanced by a factor of $1.4 \pm 0.1$ following the pericentre of an encounter within the same time-scale. Additionally, we find evidence of inflowing gas towards the centre, measured by comparing the $f_{\rm gas}$ and metallicity within the central R1/2 to the galactic outskirts. We find that approximately 70 per cent of the peak sSFR enhancement can be attributed to the increase in $\rm SFE_{H}$, with the increase in $f_{\rm gas}$ contributing the remaining 30 per cent.
Multilevel Gene Expression Changes in Lineages Containing Adaptive Copy Number Variants
Authors: Spealman Pieter , de Santana Carolina , De Titir , Gresham David
Published: January 2025

Copy number variants (CNVs) are an important class of genetic variation that can mediate rapid adaptive evolution. Whereas, CNVs can increase the relative fitness of the organism, they can also incur a cost due to the associated increased gene expression and repetitive DNA. We previously evolved populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae over hundreds of generations in glutamine-limited (Gln-) chemostats and observed the recurrent evolution of CNVs at the GAP1 locus. To understand the role that gene expression plays in adaptation, both in relation to the adaptation of the organism to the selective condition and as a consequence of the CNV, we measured the transcriptome, translatome, and proteome of 4 strains of evolved yeast, each with a unique CNV, and their ancestor in Gln- chemostats. We find CNV-amplified genes correlate with higher mRNA abundance; however, this effect is reduced at the level of the proteome, consistent with post-transcriptional dosage compensation. By normalizing each level of gene expression by the abundance of the preceding step we were able to identify widespread differences in the efficiency of each level of gene expression. Genes with significantly different translational efficiency were enriched for potential regulatory mechanisms including either upstream open reading frames, RNA-binding sites for Ssd1, or both. Genes with lower protein expression efficiency were enriched for genes encoding proteins in protein complexes. Taken together, our study reveals widespread changes in gene expression at multiple regulatory levels in lineages containing adaptive CNVs highlighting the diverse ways in which genome evolution shapes gene expression.
Allovalent scavenging of activation domains in the transcription factor ANAC013 gears transcriptional regulation
Authors: Delaforge Elise , Due Amanda D , Theisen Frederik Friis , Morffy Nicolas , O’Shea Charlotte , Blackledge Martin , Strader Lucia C , Skriver Karen , Kragelund Birthe B
Published: January 2025

Transcriptional regulation involves interactions between transcription factors, coregulators, and DNA. Intrinsic disorder is a major player in this regulation, but mechanisms driven by disorder remain elusive. Here, we address molecular communication within the stress-regulating Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor ANAC013. Through high-throughput screening of ANAC013 for transcriptional activation activity, we identify three activation domains within its C-terminal intrinsically disordered region. Two of these overlap with acidic islands and form dynamic interactions with the DNA-binding domain and are released, not only upon binding of target promoter DNA, but also by nonspecific DNA. We show that independently of DNA binding, the RST (RCD--SRO--TAF4) domain of the negative regulator RCD1 (Radical-induced Cell Death1) scavenges the two acidic activation domains positioned vis-à-vis through allovalent binding, leading to dynamic occupation at enhanced affinity. We propose an allovalency model for transcriptional regulation, where sequentially close activation domains in both DNA-bound and DNA-free states allow for efficient regulation. The model is likely relevant for many transcription factor systems, explaining the functional advantage of carrying sequentially close activation domains.
Rise in Post-resection Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Correlates with Decreased Survival in Glioblastoma Patients
Authors: Mohammad Amro H , Sakalla Rawan , Davalan William , Ruiz-Barerra Miguel Angel , Jatana Sukhdeep , Khalaf Roy , Li Hongda , Aberra Rebecca , Al-Saadi Tariq , Diaz Roberto J
Published: January 2025

Background

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is used in the prognostication of multiple malignancies. However, the NLR value in glioblastoma (GBM) is controversial. This controversy may be due to the unaccounted effect of dexamethasone on NLR. Using retrospective data from 230 Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH) wild type-GBM patients we studied the prognostic value of NLR in relation to dexamethasone treatment in GBM.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 230 patients with GBM. NLR and dexamethasone use were used as dichotomous variables with cutoff values of 9.5 and 8 mg, respectively. Correlations between high NLR, as well as NLR change after surgery, and patient outcome measures, including post-surgical complications and survival were assessed using Kaplan Meier curves, logistic, and Cox regression analyses.

Results

We demonstrate in this study that high peri-operative NLR (≥9.5 NLR) does not associate with survival of GBM patients (274 days, 95% CI 211–337, vs. 229 days, 95% CI 52–406, P=0.9). However, high positive change in NLR (≥6 units) (higher post-operative NLR relative to pre-operative NLR) has a significant association with decreased survival in GBM patients (196 days, 95% CI 121–270, vs. 304 days, 95% CI 223–384, P=0.01). High pre-operative and peri-operative average dexamethasone (≥8 mg) treatment did not change the peri-operative NLR trend and were not associated with decreased survival.

Conclusion

We demonstrate that an increase in NLR after surgery associates with decreased GBM patient survival