bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of leisure time physical activity and sedentary behaviour on the health of workers with different occupational physical activity demands: a systematic review
Authors: Prince Stephanie A. , Rasmussen Charlotte Lund , Biswas Aviroop , Holtermann Andreas , Aulakh Tarnbir , Merucci Katherine , Coenen Pieter
Published: July 2021

Background

Although it is generally accepted that physical activity reduces the risk for chronic non-communicable disease and mortality, accumulating evidence suggests that occupational physical activity (OPA) may not confer the same health benefits as leisure time physical activity (LTPA). It is also unclear if workers in high OPA jobs benefit from LTPA the same way as those in sedentary jobs. Our objective was to determine whether LTPA and leisure time sedentary behaviour (LTSB) confer the same health effects across occupations with different levels of OPA.

Methods

Searches were run in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, ProQuest Public Health and Scopus from inception to June 9, 2020. Prospective or experimental studies which examined the effects of LTPA or LTSB on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal pain, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, arrhythmias and depression among adult workers grouped by OPA (low OPA/sitters, standers, moderate OPA/intermittent movers, high OPA/heavy labourers) were eligible. Results were synthesized using narrative syntheses and harvest plots, and certainty of evidence assessed with GRADE.

Results

The review includes 38 papers. Across all outcomes, except cardiovascular mortality, metabolic syndrome and atrial fibrillation, greater LTPA was consistently protective among low OPA, but conferred less protection among moderate and high OPA. For cardiovascular mortality and metabolic syndrome, higher levels of LTPA were generally associated with similar risk reductions among all OPA groups. Few studies examined effects in standers and none examined effects of LTSB across OPA groups.

Conclusions

Evidence suggests that LTPA is beneficial for all workers, but with larger risk reductions among those with low compared to high OPA jobs. This suggests that, in our attempts to improve the health of workers through LTPA, tailored interventions for different occupational groups may be required. More high-quality studies are needed to establish recommended levels of LTPA/LTSB for different OPA groups.

Protocol registration

PROSPERO #CRD42020191708.
Hsa_circ_0000520 overexpression increases CDK2 expression via miR-1296 to facilitate cervical cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Zheng Qingling , Zhang Jin , Zhang Ting , Liu Yanxiang , Du Xiuluan , Dai Xin , Gu Donghua
Published: July 2021

Background

Circular RNA (circRNA) has been demonstrated to participate in cervical cancer development. In this study, we analyzed the role of hsa_circ_0000520 in cervical cancer.

Methods

Fifty-two pairs of cervical cancer and adjacent normal tissue samples were collected, and five human cervical cancer cell lines were obtained followed by the detection of hsa_circ_0000520 expression. Nuclear-cytoplasmic isolation and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed to analyze the subcellular localization of hsa_circ_0000520 while linear RNA was digested by RNase R. Gain- or loss-of function experiments on hsa_circ_0000520 were performed, followed by detection of cell proliferation and cell cycle by EdU, Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry respectively.

Results

Hsa_circ_0000520 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) were highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues. Binding sites between microRNA-1296 (miR-1296) and hsa_circ_0000520 or CDK2 were verified. Antibody to Argonaute 2 (Ago2) could precipitate hsa_circ_0000520, indicating that hsa_circ_0000520 could competitively bind to miR-1296 via Ago2. Silencing hsa_circ_0000520 inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation and promoted the inhibitory effects of miR-1296 on CDK2, thereby blocking cell cycle progression and promoting apoptosis.

Conclusion

These results support the premise that targeting hsa_circ_0000520 can be a potential approach to combat cervical cancer.
Modulation and bioinformatics screening of hepatic mRNA-lncRNAs (HML) network associated with insulin resistance in prediabetic and exercised mice
Authors: Kazeminasab Fatemeh , Marandi Sayed Mohammad , Baharlooie Maryam , Nasr-Esfahani Mohammad Hossein , Ghaedi Kamran
Published: July 2021

Background

Insulin resistance is associated with prediabetes and further progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aims to investigate novel hepatic lncRNAs associated with key genes in insulin resistance in prediabetes.

Methods

In the bioinformatics phase, we have collected screened a pool of lncRNAs and mRNAs according to their potential association to prediabetic condition. We performed pathway analysis of mRNAs, using DAVID tool based on KEGG repository data. Then, we used Python programming language to get a subset of lncRNAs located in 50 kb proximity with high-fat (HF)-responsive mRNAs. In the experimental phase, prediabetic mice model was established by the treatment of HF diets for 12 weeks. After this treatment, HF-fed animals were divided into two groups of endurance exercised or sedentary, both continuing on the HF diet for 8 weeks. Besides, a group of diabetic mice was treated using a HF diet for 8 weeks followed by injection with STZ solution and then a HF diet for another 4 weeks.

Results

We found three genes having paired lncRNAs annotated in insulin resistance pathway. Their hepatic expression levels were altered in prediabetic condition as upregulation of Srebf1 was associated with GM38501, upregulation of Pck1 was associated with Ctcflos and GM36691, downregulation of Cpt1b was associated with GM44502. All of these expression patterns were replicated in diabetic mice, correlated positively with their predicted lncRNAs. Interestingly, exercise reversed their expression patterns.

Conclusions

We suggest that the expression pattern of the hepatic mRNA-lncRNA (HML) network in prediabetic state undergoes similar modification to that of diabetes.
Hemoglobin A1c and preoperative glycemia as a decision tool to help minimise sternal wound complications: a retrospective study in OPCAB patients
Authors: Van den Eynde Jef , Van Vlasselaer Abel , Laenen Annoushka , Szecel Delphine , Meuris Bart , Verbelen Tom , Jacobs Steven , Verbrugghe Peter , Oosterlinck Wouter
Published: July 2021

Background

Poor glycemic control has been associated with an increased risk of wound complications after various types of operations. However, it remains unclear how hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and preoperative glycemia can be used in clinical decision-making to prevent sternal wound complications (SWC) following off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of 1774 consecutive patients who underwent OPCAB surgery between January 2010 and November 2016. A new four-grade classification for SWC was used. The associations of HbA1c and preoperative glycemia with incidence and grade of SWC were analysed using logistic regression analysis and proportional odds models, respectively.

Results

During a median follow-up of 326 days (interquartile range (IQR) 21–1261 days), SWC occurred in 133/1316 (10%) of non-diabetes and 82/458 (18%) of diabetes patients (p < 0.001). Higher HbA1c was significantly associated with a higher incidence of SWC (odds ratio, OR 1.24 per 1% increase, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.04;1.48, p = 0.016) as well as a higher grade of SWC (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.06;1.48, p = 0.010). There was no association between glycemia and incidence (p = 0.539) nor grade (p = 0.607) of SWC. Significant modifiers of these effects were found: HbA1c was associated with SWC in diabetes patients younger than 70 years (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.17;1.71, p < 0.001), whereas it was not in those older than 70 years. Glycemia was associated with SWC in patients who underwent non-urgent surgery (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.26;4.88, p = 0.009), in diabetes patients who received skeletonised grafts (OR 4.83, 95% CI 1.28;18.17, p = 0.020), and in diabetes patients with a BMI < 30 (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.01;4.76, p = 0.047), whereas it was not in the counterparts of these groups.

Conclusions

Under certain conditions, HbA1c and glycemia are associated SWC following OPCAB. These findings are helpful in planning the procedure with minimal risk of SWC.
Effectiveness of the Elos 2.0 prevention programme for the reduction of problem behaviours and promotion of social skills in schoolchildren: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mariano Marília , da Silva Anderson Ribeiro , Lima Jacqueline L. S. , de Pinho Nícolas Tenedine , Cogo-Moreira Hugo , Melo Márcia H. S. , Mari Jair J. , Sanchez Zila M. , Caetano Sheila C.
Published: July 2021

Background

Early interventions benefit the mental health, academic performance and productivity of children and adolescents throughout their life. The present study protocol will evaluate the effectiveness of the Elos 2.0 Programme, which is a version adapted for Brazil by the Ministry of Health, in reducing problem behaviours (e.g., disruptiveness, aggressivity and shyness) and promoting social skills in the school context in children 6 to 10 years of age. The Elos Programme is based on the Good Behaviour Game, which is widely used and prevents and/or reduces students’ disruptive behaviours by establishing cooperation contingencies.

Method

A cluster-randomized controlled trial will be performed in 30 schools in three cities (15 controls and 15 in the experimental group), with a total of 3800 children participating in the test (1900 in the control group and 1900 in the intervention group). Data will be collected by having teachers in the control and experimental classes complete the Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation (TOCA) questionnaire, which is an instrument used to observe children’s behaviour in the classroom. We will collect data before and after the intervention period in the same year. Due to the hierarchical structure of the data, multilevel analysis will be performed to detect simultaneous differences in prevalence over time and across groups to control for sociodemographic variables.

Discussion

The current study will examine the effectiveness of the Elos 2.0 Programme in reducing problem behaviours (e.g., disruptiveness, aggressivity and shyness) and promoting social skills in the school context. The findings of this school-based prevention programme for children will influence the development and implementation of similar programmes for schools and educational policymakers by identifying mechanisms that are central to achieving positive outcomes for participants.

Trial registration

Registry of Clinical Trials of the Ministry of Health RBR-86c6jp. Registered February 2, 2019
Oxidative stress tolerance contributes to heterologous protein production in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Lin Nai-Xin , He Rui-Zhen , Xu Yan , Yu Xiao-Wei
Published: July 2021

Background

Pichia pastoris (syn. Komagataella phaffii) is an important yeast system for heterologous protein expression. A robust P. pastoris mutant with oxidative and thermal stress cross-tolerance was acquired in our previous study. The robust mutant can express a 2.5-fold higher level of lipase than its wild type (WT) under methanol induction conditions.

Results

In this study, we found that the robust mutant not only can express a high level of lipase, but also can express a high level of other heterogeneous proteins (e.g., green fluorescence protein) under methanol induction conditions. Additionally, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the robust mutant were lower than that in the WT under methanol induction conditions. To figure out the difference of cellular response to methanol between the WT and the robust mutant, RNA-seq was detected and compared. The results of RNA-seq showed that the expression levels of genes related to antioxidant, MAPK pathway, ergosterol synthesis pathway, transcription factors, and the peroxisome pathway were upregulated in the robust mutant compared to the WT. The upregulation of these key pathways can improve the oxidative stress tolerance of strains and efficiently eliminate cellular ROS. Hence, we inferred that the high heterologous protein expression efficiency in the robust mutant may be due to its enhanced oxidative stress tolerance. Promisingly, we have indeed increased the expression level of lipase up to 1.6-fold by overexpressing antioxidant genes in P. pastoris.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the impact of methanol on the expression levels of genes in P. pastoris and emphasized the contribution of oxidative stress tolerance on heterologous protein expression in P. pastoris. Our results shed light on the understanding of protein expression mechanism in P. pastoris and provided an idea for the rational construction of robust yeast with high expression ability.
Regression of taxane-related cystoid macular edema after topical dorzolamide treatment: two case reports
Authors: Otsubo Mitsuru , Kinouchi Reiko , Kamiya Takayuki , Yoshida Akitoshi
Published: July 2021

Background

Cystoid macular edema is a rare, vision-threatening side effect of the taxane family of anticancer agents. There is no established treatment or standard treatment protocol for taxane-related cystoid macular edema. Here, we report two cases of taxane-related cystoid macular edema that were treated with topical dorzolamide.

Case presentation

In case 1, a 72-year-old Japanese woman with bilateral geographic choroiditis reported for a follow-up visit with a complaint of blurred vision in both eyes for 2 months after starting nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel chemotherapy for multiple metastases of her breast cancer. Her best-corrected visual acuity had dropped from 1.2 to 0.9 in the right eye and from 1.0 to 0.4 in the left eye. Fundus examination showed no newly active geographic choroiditis lesion, but optical coherence tomography exhibited cystoid macular edema. We suspected taxane-related cystoid macular edema and terminated nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel, and started topical dorzolamide treatment. Cystoid macular edema nearly resolved within 6 weeks in the right eye and within 10 weeks in the left eye after starting topical dorzolamide treatment. The resolution of cystoid macular edema without leaving a chorioretinal scar after discontinuation of paclitaxel confirmed our initial diagnosis of taxane-related cystoid macular edema. A few inconspicuous cystoid spaces persisted at the parafovea for a year after dorzolamide treatment ended, but regressed after restarting dorzolamide treatment without any side effects. Best-corrected visual acuity improved to 1.2 in the right eye and 1.0 in the left eye. In case 2, a 70-year-old Japanese man, who received nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel for pancreatic cancer with multiple metastases, developed bilateral cystoid macular edema. Best-corrected visual acuity was 0.3 bilaterally. Cystoid macular edema resolved within 5 weeks after stopping nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel and starting topical dorzolamide treatment confirming the diagnosis of taxane-related cystoid macular edema. Nine weeks later, best-corrected visual acuity improved to 0.8 in the right eye and 1.0 in the left eye.

Conclusions

Cystoid macular edema in each case resolved within a few months without any side effects using topical dorzolamide and terminating taxane-based chemotherapy. Topical dorzolamide appears to be a safe and effective treatment option for patients with taxane-related cystoid macular edema whose quality of life is threatened by visual disturbances.
Severe reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a nursing home resident: a case report
Authors: Bader Nimrah , Khattab Mahmood , Farah Fahmi
Published: July 2021

Background

The topic of natural immunity related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 remains controversial. Although evidence suggests postinfection immunity can be achieved, there have been reported cases of reinfection with similar or milder symptoms. Information on severe disease manifestation during reinfection is not known. We present a case of reinfection with a more severe presentation as compared with the initial infection.

Case Report

We describe a white male patient from a nursing home who was reinfected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with severe disease manifesting as dyspnea, fevers, and encephalopathy with hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring intubation, elevated inflammatory markers, and lung infiltrates on imaging, after initially testing positive with mild symptoms 2 months prior to presentation. Notably, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies were detected, which indicated this was a coronavirus disease 2019 reinfection. After treatment with remdesivir, dexamethasone, and convalescent plasma, he was subsequently extubated and discharged home after 2 weeks.

Conclusion

It is not clear whether an initial infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and recovery provides prolonged immunity beyond 2 months. Furthermore, even if antibodies are present, it does not guarantee an attenuated course during reinfection. Therefore, vaccination plays an important role in prevention. Long-term cohort studies will be needed to study the factors behind reinfection.
Renal 99mTc-DMSA pharmacokinetics in pediatric patients
Authors: Plyku Donika , Ghaly Michael , Li Ye , Brown Justin L. , O’Reilly Shannon , Khamwan Kitiwat , Goodkind Alison B. , Sexton-Stallone Briana , Cao Xinhua , Zurakowski David , Fahey Frederic H. , Treves S. Ted , Bolch Wesley E. , Frey Eric C. , Sgouros George
Published: July 2021

99mTc-DMSA is one of the most commonly used pediatric nuclear medicine imaging agents. Nevertheless, there are no pharmacokinetic (PK) models for 99mTc-DMSA in children, and currently available pediatric dose estimates for 99mTc-DMSA use pediatric S values with PK data derived from adults. Furthermore, the adult PK data were collected in the mid-70’s using quantification techniques and instrumentation available at the time. Using pediatric imaging data for DMSA, we have obtained kinetic parameters for DMSA that differ from those applicable to adults.

Methods

We obtained patient data from a retrospective re-evaluation of clinically collected pediatric SPECT images of 99mTc-DMSA in 54 pediatric patients from Boston’s Children Hospital (BCH), ranging in age from 1 to 16 years old. These were supplemented by prospective data from twenty-three pediatric patients (age range: 4 months to 6 years old).

Results

In pediatric patients, the plateau phase in fractional kidney uptake occurs at a fractional uptake value closer to 0.3 than the value of 0.5 reported by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) for adult patients. This leads to a 27% lower time-integrated activity coefficient in pediatric patients than in adults. Over the age range examined, no age dependency in uptake fraction at the clinical imaging time was observed. Female pediatric patients had a 17% higher fractional kidney uptake at the clinical imaging time than males (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Pediatric 99mTc-DMSA kinetics differ from those reported for adults and should be considered in pediatric patient dosimetry. Alternatively, the differences obtained in this study could reflect improved quantification methods and the need to re-examine DMSA kinetics in adults.
Passive multichannel analysis of surface waves using 1D and 2D receiver arrays
Authors: Morton Sarah L. , Ivanov Julian , Peterie Shelby L. , Miller Richard D. , Livers-Douglas Amanda J.
Published: July 2021

We use the seismic multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method, which originally used active sources (i.e., controlled by users), to present a new alternative technique for surface-wave analysis of passive data (i.e., seismic sources not controlled by users). Our passive MASW technique uses two types of receiver arrays, 1D and 2D, for two different purposes. The 2D square array is used for assessing the number and directionality of passive seismic sources to help identify optimal time window(s) when such sources are of sufficient quality and aligned with the 1D receiver spread. Then, these time windows are used to selectively extract passive seismic data recorded by the 1D receiver spread for subsequent MASW analysis. In such a manner, this hybrid 1D–2D passive MASW approach can approximate the higher quality advantages of the active MASW method. This technique is successfully applied at a test site in southcentral Kansas taking advantage of train energy as the passive sources monitoring and assessing the potential development of vertically migrating voids that could endanger groundwater and infrastructure. The 1D–2D passive MASW method has proven beneficial for optimizing passive-data dispersion patterns and accurately assessing relative velocities for investigations with reduced labor costs and minimal added processing time and can be considered as a contribution to the surface-wave analysis tools.
Salivary Gland Hypofunction and/or Xerostomia Induced by Nonsurgical Cancer Therapies: ISOO/MASCC/ASCO Guideline
Authors: Mercadante Valeria , Jensen Siri Beier , Smith Derek K. , Bohlke Kari , Bauman Jessica , Brennan Michael T. , Coppes Robert P. , Jessen Niels , Malhotra Narinder K. , Murphy Barbara , Rosenthal David I. , Vissink Arjan , Wu Jonn , Saunders Deborah P. , Peterson Douglas E.
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE

To provide evidence-based recommendations for prevention and management of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by nonsurgical cancer therapies.

METHODS

Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) and ASCO convened a multidisciplinary Expert Panel to evaluate the evidence and formulate recommendations. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials published between January 2009 and June 2020. The guideline also incorporated two previous systematic reviews conducted by MASCC/ISOO, which included studies published from 1990 through 2008.

RESULTS

A total of 58 publications were identified: 46 addressed preventive interventions and 12 addressed therapeutic interventions. A majority of the evidence focused on the setting of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. For the prevention of salivary gland hypofunction and/or xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer, there is high-quality evidence for tissue-sparing radiation modalities. Evidence is weaker or insufficient for other interventions. For the management of salivary gland hypofunction and/or xerostomia, intermediate-quality evidence supports the use of topical mucosal lubricants, saliva substitutes, and agents that stimulate the salivary reflex.

RECOMMENDATIONS

For patients who receive radiation therapy for head and neck cancer, tissue-sparing radiation modalities should be used when possible to reduce the risk of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia. Other risk-reducing interventions that may be offered during radiation therapy for head and neck cancer include bethanechol and acupuncture. For patients who develop salivary gland hypofunction and/or xerostomia, interventions include topical mucosal lubricants, saliva substitutes, and sugar-free lozenges or chewing gum. For patients with head and neck cancer, oral pilocarpine and oral cevimeline, acupuncture, or transcutaneous electrostimulation may be offered after radiation therapy. Additional information can be found at www.asco.org/supportive-care-guidelines .
Quality Care in Survivorship: Lessons Learned From the ASCO Quality Oncology Practice Initiative
Authors: Shapiro Charles L. , Zubizarreta Nicole , Moshier Erin , Brockway Julia P. , Mandeli John , Markham Merry Jennifer , Kozlik Mary May , Crist Stephanie , Jacobsen Paul B.
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE:

The ASCO Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI) project was established to evaluate the influence of guideline recommendations on routine clinical practice.

METHODS:

QOPI provided summary data from 839 unique practices in which data were collected every six months from the Fall of 2015 to the Spring of 2019. From these data, six items were chosen based on their relationship to domains of survivorship. A zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was used to test for trends in QOPI measures adherence rates over time. The models were adjusted for the time period, region, practice-ownership, multispecialty site, fellowship program, and hospital type.

RESULTS:

Smoking cessation counseling recommended and smoking cessation counseling administered or referred both increased over time, 50%-61% (adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR), 1.028; 95% CI, 1.016 to 1.040; P < .001) and 34%-49% (adjusted IRR, 1.052; 95% CI, 1.035 to 1.070; P < .001), respectively. Infertility risks discussed before chemotherapy increased from 36% to 53% (adjusted IRR, 1.056; 95% CI, 1.035 to 1.078; P < .001) and fertility options discussed or referred to specialists increased from 23% to 38% (adjusted IRR, 1.074; 95% CI, 1.046 to 1.102; P < .001). Twenty-nine percent documented a positron emission tomography, computed tomography, or bone scan within the first 12 months for women diagnosed with early breast cancer treated for curative intent (adjusted IRR, 1.000; 95% CI, 0.977 to 1.024; P = .971). Tumor marker surveillance within 12 months increased from 78% to 87% (adjusted IRR, 1.018; 95% CI, 1.002 to 1.033; P = .023).

CONCLUSION:

As scientific evidence to guide cancer survivorship care grows, the role of guideline recommendations permeating clinical practice using quality metrics will become increasingly important.
Anesthetic Considerations in Alström Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Zohaib , O’Meachair Aisling , O’Donnell Brian
Published: July 2021

Alström syndrome is a rare genetic condition that affects cardiac, respiratory, endocrine, hepatorenal, gastrointestinal, auditory, ophthalmic, and musculoskeletal systems. This multisystem syndrome poses significant anesthetic challenges, along with a high likelihood of perioperative adverse clinical outcomes. A literature review revealed no reports on the anesthetic management for emergency surgery in adults with Alström syndrome. We report the perioperative management of a patient with Alström syndrome who presented for an emergency laparotomy due to an ischemic bowel. This report highlights perioperative challenges in the management of this condition in the emergency setting.
From tip to toe – dressing centrioles in γTuRC
Authors: Schweizer Nina , Lüders Jens
Published: July 2021

Centrioles are microtubule-based cylindrical structures that assemble the centrosome and template the formation of cilia. The proximal part of centrioles is associated with the pericentriolar material, a protein scaffold from which microtubules are nucleated. This activity is mediated by the γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) whose central role in centrosomal microtubule organization has been recognized for decades. However, accumulating evidence suggests that γTuRC activity at this organelle is neither restricted to the pericentriolar material nor limited to microtubule nucleation. Instead, γTuRC is found along the entire centriole cylinder, at subdistal appendages, and inside the centriole lumen, where its canonical function as a microtubule nucleator might be supplemented or replaced by a function in microtubule anchoring and centriole stabilization, respectively. In this Opinion, we discuss recent insights into the expanded repertoire of γTuRC activities at centrioles and how distinct subpopulations of γTuRC might act in concert to ensure centrosome and cilia biogenesis and function, ultimately supporting cell proliferation, differentiation and homeostasis. We propose that the classical view of centrosomal γTuRC as a pericentriolar material-associated microtubule nucleator needs to be revised.
Radiation Protection of Personnel in Contact Radiation Therapy in Ophthalmology
Authors: Kashirina O. , Timofeev L , Likhvantseva V.
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To ensure radiation safety of medical staff personal protective equipment (PPE).

Material and methods: In order to not make assumptions of possible protective materials optical distortion, estimated the dependence of light transmission in the wavelength range 330–660 nm leaded glass brands of TF-1 and TF-5, as well as the intensity of glow glasses when exposed to light and X-rays.

Results: We trace the degree of browning and the nature of the recovery of transparency of glass after irradiation. To determine the optimum thickness of lead glass for eyewear experimentally evaluated attenuation of X-rays with energy efficiency 30 and 80 keV. Lead equivalent values for lead glass, was determined so for Eeff ~ 20 keV at a multiplicity of weakening k = 10 lead glass brand TF-5 thickness 2.0 mm equivalent 0.8 mm Pb, etc. For the possible use of other additives in the window shows the curves of the attenuation of photon radiation radionuclide 241Am (20–60 keV) filters from 9Be, 26Al, 56Fe, 64Cu, 99Mo, 112Cd, 184W, 207Pb

Conclusion: Possible introduction of new dose limits for the lens of the eye can be successful only in case of both existing and newly developed PPE. To reduce the impact of domestic lead glass radiation can be used for staff in the form of screens and glasses.
Analysis of the Physical and Radiobiological Equivalence of the Calculated and Measured Dose Distributions for Prostate Stereotactic Radiotherapy
Authors: Sukhikh E. , Sukhikh L. , Vertinsky A. , Izhevsky P. , Sheino I. , Vertoukhova V.
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Carrying out the analysis of the physical and radiobiological equivalence of dose distributions obtained during the planning of hypofractionated stereotactic radiation therapy of the prostate cancer and verification using a three-dimensional cylindrical dosimeter.

Material and Methods: Based on the anatomical data of twelve patients diagnosed with prostate carcinoma, stage T2N0M0 with low risk, plans were developed for stereotactic radiation therapy with volumetric modulates arc therapy (VMAT). The dose per fraction was 7,25 Gy for 5 fractions (total dose 36,25 Gy) with a normal photon energy of 10 MV. The developed plans were verified using a three-dimensional cylindrical ArcCHECK phantom. During the verification process, the three-dimensional dose distribution in the phantom was measured, based on which the values of the three-dimensional gamma index and the dose–volume histogram within each contoured anatomical structures were calculated with 3DVH software.

The gamma index value γ (3 %, 2 mm, GN) at a threshold equal to 20 % of the dose maximum of the plan and the percentage of coincidence of points at least 95 % was chosen as a criterion of physical convergence of the calculated and measured dose distribution according to the recommendations of AAPM TG-218. To analyze the radiobiological equivalence of the calculated and measured dose distribution, the local control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) criteria were used based on the calculated and measured dose–volume histograms. Contours of the target (PTV) and the anterior wall of the rectum were used for the analysis. The approach based on the concept of equivalent uniform dose (EUD) by A. Niemierko was used to calculate the values of TCP/NTCP criteria.

Results: The results of physical convergence of plans for all patients on the contour of the whole body were higher than 95 % for the criteria γ (3 %, 2 mm, GN). The convergence along the PTV contour is in the range (75.5–95.2)%. The TCP and NTCP values obtained from the measured dose-volume histograms were higher than the planned values for all patients. It was found that the accelerator delivered a slightly higher dose to the PTV and the anterior wall of the rectum than originally planned.

Conclusion: The capabilities of modern dosimetric equipment allow us move to the verification of treatment plans based on the analysis of TCP / NTCP radiobiological equivalence, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient and the capabilities of radiation therapy equipment.
Successful Case of Treatment the Patient with Synchronous Rectal and Sigmoid Cancers and Synchronous Lung Metastasis
Authors: Polynovskiy A. , Kuz'michev D. , Mamedli Z. , Tkachev Sergey , Chernich M. , Suraeva Yu. , Madyarov J. , Aniskin A. , Kolobanova E.
Published: July 2021

Colorectal cancers (CRC) takes the leading position in the incidence of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metastatic CRC in the primary diagnosis ranges from 15 to 35 %. Lung metastasis are the most frequent extraperitoneal manifestation of the metastatic process. Such patients are relatively rare and there are no clear recommendations for their treatment tactics to date. This clinical case describes a successful strategy of using preoperative prolonged chemoradiotherapy on a primary tumor and stereotactic irradiation of lung metastasis, with courses of chemotherapy, with further radical laparoscopic operation, in a patient with disseminated primary multiple rectal cancer, synchronous sigmoid colon cancer and 2 metastatic focuses in both lungs.
Modern Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Intracerebral Metastases and Extracranial Metastatic Affection of Liver, Mediastinal Lymph Nodes, Skeletal Bones. Clinical Observation
Authors: Udalov Yu. , Samoylov A. , Danilova L. , Slobina E. , Stepanyuchenko E. , Bogomolova I. , Kashentseva N. , Kiselev V. , Vanchugov A. , Andreev V. , Stepanov E.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The article covers issues related to modern methods of treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with multiple synchronous metastases in brain, liver, mediastinal lymph nodes, skeletal bones and describes a clinical case of modern effective treatment and long-term follow-up of a patient with advanced NSCLC and extra- and intracranial metastatic spread.

Purpose: Evaluation of modern methods of special antitumor treatment and their application in clinical practice for the treatment of metastatic NSCLC.

Material and methods: Modern methods of proton and photon radiation therapy, targeted therapy are considered.

Results: The use of modern methods of special antitumor therapy has increased the overall and relapse-free survival rate of patients with multiple metastases of NSCLC in brain, liver, mediastinal lymph nodes, skeletal bones reducing the need for additional interventions. This is confirmed by a long-term follow-up after modern effective antitumor treatment of a patient with advanced NSCLC and synchronous progression in the form of extra- and intracranial metastatic spread. The patient has been alive for more than 2 years from the moment of progression with an estimated life expectancy of 4–5 months.

Conclusion: Modern methods of special antitumor therapy can increase the survival rate of patients with multiple synchronous NSCLC metastases in brain, liver, mediastinal lymph nodes, skeletal bones without significant deterioration in their quality of life.
Mickiewicz. Poeta alternatyw
Authors: Dopart Bogusław
Published: July 2021

The title of the present monograph refers to one of the most fundamental traits of the oeuvre and literary life of Adam Mickiewicz. While constantly occupied with invigorating and broadening the subject- -matter of his works, Mickiewicz is careful to follow a steady track of ideas, concepts, and truths. In constructing successive models of poetic worlds and varying them even within single works, he incessantly integrates them into a dynamic, open universe of the ‘man of transformations’ (in Wacław Borowy’s phrasing) in accordance with the ontic position and experience of a Romantic writer. Diversity and variance of poetic forms in Mickiewicz is counterbalanced by his leaning towards regularity and structural connectedness: cycles. As early as his first critical manifesto, he opposes a schematic labeling of his creative output; he presents the history of European poetry in terms of overlapping traditions and gradual differentiation of national literatures.
Human–Robot Interaction: When Investors Adjust the Usage of Robo-Advisors in Peer-to-Peer Lending
Authors: Ge Ruyi , Zheng Zhiqiang (Eric) , Tian Xuan , Liao Li
Published: July 2021

We study the human–robot interaction of financial-advising services in peer-to-peer lending (P2P). Many crowdfunding platforms have started using robo-advisors to help lenders augment their intelligence in P2P loan investments. Collaborating with one of the leading P2P companies, we examine how investors use robo-advisors and how the human adjustment of robo-advisor usage affects investment performance. Our analyses show that, somewhat surprisingly, investors who need more help from robo-advisors—that is, those encountered more defaults in their manual investing—are less likely to adopt such services. Investors tend to adjust their usage of the service in reaction to recent robo-advisor performance. However, interestingly, these human-in-the-loop interferences often lead to inferior performance.
AI and Procurement
Authors: Cui Ruomeng , Li Meng , Zhang Shichen
Published: July 2021

Problem definition: In this research, we study how buyers’ use of artificial intelligence (AI) affects suppliers’ price quoting strategies. Specifically, we study the impact of automation—that is, the buyer uses a chatbot to automatically inquire about prices instead of asking in person—and the impact of smartness—that is, the buyer signals the use of a smart AI algorithm in selecting the supplier. Academic/practical relevance: In a world advancing toward AI, we explore how AI creates and delivers value in procurement. AI has two unique abilities: automation and smartness, which are associated with physical machines or software that enable us to operate more efficiently and effectively. Methodology: We collaborate with a trading company to run a field experiment on an online platform in which we compare suppliers’ wholesale price quotes across female, male, and chatbot buyer types under AI and no recommendation conditions. Results: We find that, when not equipped with a smart control, there is price discrimination against chatbot buyers who receive a higher wholesale price quote than human buyers. In fact, without smartness, automation alone receives the highest quoted wholesale price. However, signaling the use of a smart recommendation system can effectively reduce suppliers’ price quote for chatbot buyers. We also show that AI delivers the most value when buyers adopt automation and smartness simultaneously in procurement. Managerial implications: Our results imply that automation is not very valuable when implemented without smartness, which in turn suggests that building smartness is necessary before considering high levels of autonomy. Our study unlocks the optimal steps that buyers could adopt to develop AI in procurement processes.
RiRiShun Logistics: Home Appliance Delivery Data for the 2021 Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Data-Driven Research Challenge
Authors: Guo Xiaolong , Yu Yugang , Allon Gad , Wang Meiyan , Zhang Zhentai
Published: July 2021

To support the 2021 Manufacturing & Service Operations Management (M&SOM) Data-Driven Research Challenge, RiRiShun Logistics (a Haier group subsidiary focusing on logistics service for home appliances) provides MSOM members with logistics operational-level data for data-driven research. This paper provides a detailed description of the data associated with over 14 million orders from 149 clients (the consigners) associated with 4.2 million end consumers (the recipients and end users of the appliances) in China, involving 18,000 stock keeping units operated at 103 warehouses. Researchers are welcomed to develop econometric models, data-driven optimization techniques, analytical models, and algorithm designs by using this data set to address questions suggested by company managers.

History: This paper has been accepted as part of the 2021 M&SOM Data-Driven Research Challenge.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72091215/72091210, 71871207, 71991464/71991460, and 71921001].

Supplemental Material: Data and the online appendix are is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0994 .
Atomic Dynamic Flow Games: Adaptive vs. Nonadaptive Agents
Authors: Cao Zhigang , Chen Bo , Chen Xujin , Wang Changjun
Published: July 2021

We propose a game model for selfish routing of atomic agents, who compete for use of a network to travel from their origins to a common destination as quickly as possible. We follow a frequently used rule that the latency an agent experiences on each edge is a constant transit time plus a variable waiting time in a queue. A key feature that differentiates our model from related ones is an edge-based tie-breaking rule for prioritizing agents in queueing when they reach an edge at the same time. We study both nonadaptive agents (each choosing a one-off origin–destination path simultaneously at the very beginning) and adaptive ones (each making an online decision at every nonterminal vertex they reach as to which next edge to take). On the one hand, we constructively prove that a (pure) Nash equilibrium (NE) always exists for nonadaptive agents and show that every NE is weakly Pareto optimal and globally first-in first-out. We present efficient algorithms for finding an NE and best responses of nonadaptive agents. On the other hand, we are among the first to consider adaptive atomic agents, for which we show that a subgame perfect equilibrium (SPE) always exists and that each NE outcome for nonadaptive agents is an SPE outcome for adaptive agents but not vice versa.
A Study on the Symbols and Themes of Sandplay Therapy for Children of Myanmar Refugees living in Malaysia
Authors: Kim Hyeyoung , Cho Eunjin , Jang Mikyung
Published: July 2021

This study categorized and analyzed the themes and symbols that appeared in the sandplay therapy of Myanmar Chin children living as refugees in Malaysia. The researcher provided individual sandplay therapy to five children attending a UN refugee school in Malaysia for four weeks in July 2018. There were five sessions for each child and 50 minutes per session. The researcher used a Kalffian sandplay approach to provide a free and protected space for the children. They used Creswell’s (2007) qualitative case study method to understand the themes and symbols and, through a comprehensive analysis of all cases, they found five common themes and symbols. These themes were ‘fear/threat and the resistance from the heart to it’, ‘protection and care’, ‘the existence of god and guilt feelings’, ‘the effort to recover normal life’, and ‘do not give up hope for a normal life’. The refugee children expressed their emotional pain in the sand tray so that the traumas they had experienced while escaping and the chaos in their present lives appeared prominently and repeatedly there. As the sessions progressed, however, they expressed a hope to return to their normal lives as they recovered some sense of stability. They could more easily express their inner pain in sandplay than in language, and project themselves safely and express their emotions. It is a fact that, like all other children, the innate and archetypal healing power of these refugee children’s psyche allowed them to respond strongly to sandplay, despite the short-term therapeutic intervention, the horrors of their experiences and the unstable situations they face. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of a psychotherapeutic approach that considers the social and cultural specificity of refugee children and their various emotional problems and secure economic aid and legal status for them.
Vatinoxan: a new development in the clinical use of α2-adrenoceptor agonists in dogs, part 1
Authors: Bennett Rachel
Published: July 2021

Vatinoxan, formerly known as MK-467 or L-659 066, is a peripherally acting α2adrenoceptor antagonist. In a similar manner to atipamezole, it antagonises the pharmacodynamic effects of the α2adrenoceptor agonist medetomidine and its active enantiomer dexmedetomidine. However, unlike atipamezole it has limited ability to penetrate the blood–brain barrier, owing to its relatively low lipid solubility. Medetomidine is an α2adrenoceptor agonist, which is commonly used in dogs because it is a profound and consistent sedative. However, its use is also associated with many side effects, most notably those affecting the cardiovascular system, which include but are not limited to vasoconstriction, hypertension and bradycardia. When vatinoxan is co-administered intravenously with medetomidine or dexmedetomidine, it has minimal impact on the quality of sedation but vatinoxan attenuates the cardiovascular effects of medetomidine and dexmedetomidine. By ameliorating the cardiovascular effects of the agonist drugs, vatinoxan alters their pharmacokinetics, thereby shortening their duration of effect. Following intramuscular injection, vatinoxan hastens the onset of sedation and its use is associated with a greater level but a shorter duration of sedation. Therefore, vatinoxan may offer some clinically beneficial effects when it is part of a sedative drug combination or when used for premedication before general anaesthesia in dogs.
Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Katzenberg Gideon , Deacon Andrew , Aigbirior Joshua , Vestbo Jørgen
Published: July 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a prevalent condition in the UK, associated with high morbidity and mortality. Hospital physicians manage a significant portion of acute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admissions to hospital and readmissions after discharge.

Optimal management of exacerbations requires controlled oxygen therapy and ventilatory support where necessary, and careful administration of bronchodilators, steroids and antibiotics. Holistic care for these patients includes nutritional supplementation and palliative support for those with advanced disease.

To reduce the chance of readmission, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease care bundles can be used, along with a review of inhaled and oral therapies. Where available, hospital-at-home discharge schemes can safely facilitate early discharge.

Most importantly, high quality evidence-based smoking cessation support must be offered to smokers. Exercise improves the physiological and psychological condition of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and should be encouraged, with referral to a pulmonary rehabilitation service if available.
Comparisons of Machine Learning Methods of Statistical Downscaling Method: Case Studies of Daily Climate Anomalies in Thailand
Authors: Chattrairat Kanawut , Wongseree Waranyu , Leelasantitham Adisorn
Published: July 2021

The climate change which is essential for daily life and especially agriculture has been forecasted by global climate models (GCMs) in the past few years. Statistical downscaling method (SD) has been used to improve the GCMs and enables the projection of local climate. Many pieces of research have studied climate change in case of individually seasonal temperature and precipitation for simulation; however, regional difference has not been included in the calculation. In this research, four fundamental SDs, linear regression (LR), Gaussian process (GP), support vector machine (SVM) and deep learning (DL), are studied for daily maximum temperature (TMAX), daily minimum temperature (TMIN), and precipitation (PRCP) based on the statistical relationship between the larger-scale climate predictors and predictands in Thailand. Additionally, the data sets of climate variables from over 45 weather stations overall in Thailand are used to calculate in this calculation. The statistical analysis of two performance criteria (correlation and root mean square error (RMSE)) shows that the DL provides the best performance for simulation. The TMAX and TMIN were calculated and gave a similar trend for all models. PRCP results found that in the North and South are adequate and poor performance due to high and low precipitation, respectively. We illustrate that DL is one of the suitable models for the climate change problem.