bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sexualidad y transexualidad en las dramaturgas del Siglo de Oro españo.
Authors: Escabias Juana
Published: December 2022

Este artículo analiza el discurso de las dramaturgas del teatro español y novohispano del Siglo de Oro desde la perspectiva de su posicionamiento frente a la sexualidad. Entre las veintiuna escritoras de teatro que por acotación temporal y espacial conforman el elenco de dramaturgas del teatro español del Siglo de Oro, encontramos interesantes y transgresoras visiones sobre este asunto que contravienen las normas y usos de la época. Feliciana Enríquez de Guzmán, Leonor de la Cueva, Juana Inés de la Cruz, María de Zayas y Ana Caro Mallén son algunos de estos nombres. El trabajo arranca con un marco metodológico inicial que incluye una panorámica de la producción femenina del teatro áureo, para centrarse después en la valoración de la significación de las creaciones de estas dramaturgas en su contexto. Desde ese punto de partida se llegará al análisis de sus producciones desde la perspectiva de la sexualidad, incluyendo como elementos destacados el fenómeno del travestismo femenino y masculino presente en varias de estas obras.
Viaje, identidad y modernidad en dos novelas cortas de Carmen de Burgos: La misionera de Teotihuacan y El dorado tópico.
Authors: Cristina Martino Claudia
Published: December 2022

En la narrativa de Carmen de Burgos hay numerosas protagonistas viajeras. Estudios anteriores han evidenciado lo contradictorio de los personajes femeninos en la narrativa de la autora, divididos entre modernidad y tradición. En las dos novelas a analizar, el viaje y el contacto con otras culturas –en este caso, mexicana y cubana– suponen para las dos protagonistas una ocasión para cuestionar su condición. La autora se vale del elemento del viaje para explorar la relación que se establece entre estas mujeres y la modernidad.
Masculinidad, feminidad y discapacidad en la literatura contemporánea escrita en español: revisión crítica de constructos socioculturales estereotipados.
Authors: García Fernández Sara
Published: December 2022

En este estudio analizaremos muestras representativas e inspiradoras de personajes masculinos y femeninos con discapacidad de la literatura contemporánea escrita en español que desafíen los arquetipos de masculinidad, feminidad y discapacidad preconcebidos, escasamente matizados y discriminatorios que aún perviven en las sociedades actuales. A saber, los protagonistas de Otra forma de mirar: memorias de un joven con síndrome de Asperger (Miguel Dorado, 2004), La mujer que buceó dentro del corazón del mundo (Sabrina Berman, 2012), El cuerpo en que nací (Guadalupe Nettel, 2011) y No creas lo que tus ojos te dicen (Javier Martín Betanzos, 2019). Nuestra investigación se sustentará sobre un análisis cualitativo y comparativo de los rasgos disidentes, realistas y disruptivos de las representaciones seleccionadas que cuestionen los modelos tradicionales y hegemónicos de hombre, mujer y persona con discapacidad en nuestras culturas. Así, en línea con las reivindicaciones de las nuevas corrientes en estudios de género y sobre discapacidad, abogaremos por una evolución nocional y social hacia percepciones más inclusivas de la diferencia que reconozcan y permitan construir representaciones e identidades diversas e interseccionales en espacios clave para la definición cultural, como la literatura.
No angels in the house in Martin McDonagh’s The beauty queen of Leenane and Eimear McBride’s A girl is a half-formed thing.
Authors: de la Peña Esther
Published: December 2022

This paper aims at analyzing the complex female constructions of identity, trauma and personal failure in Martin McDonagh’s The Beauty Queen of Leenane (1996), and Eimear McBride’s A Girl Is a Half-Formed Thing (2013). As the title suggests, “No Angels in the House” refers to the central role motherhood has firmly held in traditional Irish society, and how progressively this sublimation of the mother figure has evidenced a deeper somber side of domestic life. I explore the concept of the maternal in both works, and how the devastating consequences of a rigid religious upbringing will stigmatize the protagonists’ lives forever. I also analyze the post-traumatic stress disorder that the two female protagonists suffer when they fail to assert themselves in such a hostile environment. In this framework, the final part of this work is devoted to reflecting upon the acknowledgment of personal failure and the impossibility of redemption. The illusion of freedom coupled with the sociocultural breeding causes the subversion of the moral edicts, and the death of the protagonists who seem to disintegrate and fade away into a non-existence of their own
Mujeres subversivas en la literatura de Dolores Medio: Lena Rivero, una ‘‘chica rara’’.
Authors: Linuesa Torrijos Estefanía
Published: December 2022

Este artículo pone el foco en el análisis de los personajes femeninos que aparecen en dos novelas de Dolores Medio: Nosotros, los Rivero (1953) y El pez sigue flotando (1959) y nos centraremos, concretamente, en la protagonista de ambas novelas: Lena Rivero. La literatura española escrita por mujeres durante la posguerra debía encarnar los valores morales promulgados por el régimen. Sin embargo, un grupo de escritoras crearon personajes femeninos que contravenían los cánones establecidos, son “chicas raras”. En este sentido Lena Rivero es una de estas heroínas que luchan por su libertad. Lena se configura como un modelo revolucionario que no se conforma con el rol impuesto por la ideología franquista y transgrede la frontera del espacio doméstico adentrándose en un mundo asignado al hombre.
La reinterpretación del papel de la mujer en la literatura juvenil. Un análisis de Donde los ároles cantan, de Laura Gallego.
Authors: Calle García Irene
Published: December 2022

¿Pueden las historias que conocemos desde la infancia adaptarse a los nuevos tiempos? ¿Es posible la reinterpretación de arquetipos? Tradicionalmente, la literatura juvenil se ha apartado del radar de los estudios críticos, en parte por prejuicios que conducen a subestimar sus obras. Sin embargo, no podemos negar que constituye una influencia importante en nuestra construcción como seres humanos, con una nómina extensa de autoras y autores de talento. En este trabajo nos centraremos en Laura Gallego, quien ha demostrado ser una de las grandes autoras de la literatura juvenil fantástica en España. En Donde los árboles cantan propone una reinterpretación de las novelas de caballerías. Resulta especialmente interesante la evolución de su protagonista, Viana. A través de una lectura crítica, podemos apreciar su transformación de doncella en apuros sometida en una sociedad patriarcal a la heroína de su propia historia. Una evolución que refleja que es posible actualizar los arquetipos de los cuentos tradicionales tomados del trabajo de Propp (1985) a la luz de la reivindicación de la lucha feminista por la igualdad.
’’A real fucking man’’: exploring migrant masculinities in Men withou th bliss by Rigoberto González from an ectopic perspective.
Authors: Acosta Sánchez Antonio
Published: December 2022

This project introduces the work of the Mexican-American author Rigoberto González into the Spanish literary panorama and focuses on his short story collection Men without Bliss. For an exhaustive analysis of his work, the starting point will be the analytical tool established by Tomás Albaladejo (2011) and his definition of “ectopic literature” which provides tools to study the process of reterritorialization as a consequence of migratory processes through literary works. As presented in other studies dealing with this theoretical background, we would emphasize the relationship between gender and migration. A detailed reading of Men without Bliss aims to confirm the possibilities to analyze his short-story collection from the prism of ectopic literature. The examination of masculine characters in González’s shortstories, and particularly the way(s) men experience processes of displacement are described are the main objectives of this work. By exploring this short-story collection, we classify characters according to different models of masculinity and identify how González depicts “traditional masculinity” and patriarchy as source for unhappiness.
Desde la pluralidad a un espacio propio. La ‘communal voice’ en ‘‘Ninfe sbranate’’de Francesca Caballero (2020) e ‘‘Il catalogo delle vergini’’ de Nicoletta Vallorani (2017).
Authors: Riedman Monika
Published: December 2022

Los textos distópicos “Ninfe sbranate” de Francesca Cavallero (2020) e “Il catalogo delle vergini” de Nicoletta Vallorani (2017) retratan mundos impregnados por la objetificación de la mujer artificial. En ellos, una monstruosa red masculina se aprovecha del sistema cisheteropatriarcal para cubrir sus propios delitos: el tráfico de mujeres, la violencia sexual y el feminicidio. Sin embargo, en ambos relatos dichas víctimas femeninas, definidas como las ‘otras’ por parte de la sociedad, ya no se hacen silenciar, sino que consiguen –desde un espacio entre la vida y la muerte– apoderarse de parte de la narración. De esta manera, logran contar su historia y denunciar a sus abusadores. A través del concepto de la ‘communal voice’ de Susan Lanser (1992) analizaremos el espacio creado para conceder la palabra a este colectivo reprimido. El empleo de dicha voz interfiere en la narración principal y crea un lugar desde el cual reivindicar el propio derecho de justicia. El propósito de esta contribución es, así pues, resaltar la importancia de la narratología a la hora de enfrentarse a textos desde la mirada feminista, y demostrarla a través de los espacios creados por las voces narrativas presentes en ambos textos
Drużyna, która spełniła swój obowiązek – XIII Krakowska Drużyna Harcerzy w latach 1913-1939
Authors: Rzońca Bartosz
Published: December 2022

The article presents a short history of the Black Thirteen from Krakow in the years 1913-1939. For the scouts who participated in the construction of the scout movement, they created its foundations and methods of operation, the goal was Poland’s independence. The founders of the troop took an active part in this, often making the ultimate sacrifice. Becoming instructors, they took on their shoulders the responsibility of raising a new generation of free Poles. Thus, they joined the reconstruction of the Homeland after 123 years of captivity. With simple and natural activities such as drills, boat building, sightseeing trips, learning foreign languages, the ability to cope with difficult forest conditions or even simply cooking in the field kitchen, they showed the boys how to adapt to adult life. These methods are valid to this day and masses of young people still use and draw on the achievements of the Black Thirteen. The fate of the scouting movement is closely related to the recent history of Poland, and the milestones are the events related to the struggle to regain and maintain independence. The scouts of the Black Thirteen took an active part in it. Therefore, it can be written that it is a troop that has fulfilled its duty.
Odznaczenia wojskowe i odznaki harcerskie nadawane harcerzom za udział w czynie niepodległościowym w latach 1914-1921
Authors: Sikorski Tomasz
Published: December 2022

Scout Cross appeared on the uniforms of Polish Scouts in 1916. At the time a number of Polish Scouts were fighting for the Polish independence in Polish Legions (PL). PL were established alongside the Austro-Hungarian Army and fought on the Russian front. Since 1916, the commander of I PL Brigade, Józef Piłsudski, was awarding scout-soldiers with the badge of I PL Brigade “For Faithful Service”. Later on the following badges were awarded to Polish Scouts serving in military: Lwów Defence Cross (1918) for fighting for Lwów (today Lviv) against Ukrainians in Polish-Ukrainian War 1918-1919; “Eaglets” Honorary Badge (1919) for Polish youth self-defence; badges for Polish-Soviet Russia War: “For Wilno (Vilnius)” (1919), Lithuanian-Belarusian Division Badge (1919), Lithuanian-Belarusian Front Badge (1919-1920). There were also separate badges of the Blue Army of General Haller. On an equal footing with other soldiers, Polish Scouts were awarded military combat decorations: the highest of them: Silver Cross of Virtuti Militari Order (since 1919), as well as Cross of Valour (since 1920) and Cross of Merit of Central Lithuanian Army (1922). After the wars, as combatants, Polish Scouts were decorated with the Cross and Medal of Independence (since 1930), Scouts Honorary Cross of the Period of Combat for Independence (1938), plus other awards.
Krakowska Chorągiew ZHP w siedemdziesiątych latach XX wieku na tle innych organizacji młodzieżowych
Authors: Prokopiuk Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

The aim of the article is to present the situation and specificity of the Krakow Regiment Division of The Polish Scouting and Guiding Association (ZHP) in the perspective of the activities of youth organizations in 1970s. The perspective of a participant and witness of this period in the history of Polish scouting allows recalling the achievements and difficult challenges of those times. In the first case, these are, inter alia, establishment of the Scout Artistic Group “Małe Słowianki”, the beginnings of the Historical Commission of the Krakow Regiment and the daily work of a mass youth organization. In the second, these are the preservation of the ZHP’s autonomy in the process of unification of youth organizations and the fight for the ZHP’s place in secondary schools.
U-lotność pamięci. Muzeum Lotnictwa Polskiego w Krakowie i współczesna recepcja lotniczego dziedzictwa
Authors: Mazur Wojciech
Published: December 2022

The traditions of Kraków Rakowice-Czyżyny Airport go back to 1892. An airbase was established there even before World War 1 and subsequently it was used by the Austrian Flugpark 7, the Polish 2nd Air Regiment and also civilian transport and medical aviation. It only lost its airport status in the early 60s, since when the main part of its land and infrastructure was gradually absorbed by the Polish Aviation Museum. Currently this establishment concerns itself with the conservation of aviation heritage and promotion of awareness of it. Increasingly, the expectation of visitors to the museum is to combine education with entertainment. The museum, aware of these trends and the leanings in museum practice away from passive reception towards interactive experience, is striving to transform its cultural offering. The effect of these efforts is a new formula for the exposition, prepared as part of the “Wings and people of the 20th Century” programme framework. Architecture, light, sound and even smell are to become elements of a narrative, in which the history of military aviation will be presented as one element of the 20th century and tradition will be linked to the modern age.
Czarnobylska pamięciolandia – kontrowersje i perspektywy
Authors: Duda Anna , Róg Tomasz
Published: December 2022

The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone hides numerous monuments and memorials that, paradoxically, have been forgotten for years. Thanks to booming tourism – 124.000 people visited the Zone in 2019 – the once abandoned heritage is being rediscovered. Along with the development of tourist infrastructure, more and more tourist routes are also being created, and with them ideas for a new guiding narrative. Emerging memorials emphasize the importance and significance of the contaminated space, while old pre-disaster monuments are constantly being redefined. Quantitative and qualitative research conducted in 2016-2020 points to the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone as a place of cultural dissonance. The oscillation of tourists between entertainment and memory directly refers to taking up the reflection on the so-called “memoryland” by Sharon Macdonald, who emphasizes that in the era of the so-called “memory epidemic” people want to commemorate the places important to them, but this is done through the tourist commodification of heritage.
Post/pamięciowe wymiary transferu(!) – wokół spektaklu Jana Klaty
Authors: Weżgowiec Barbara
Published: December 2022

The aim of this article is to analyse the memory and post-memory threads that are present in the performance Transfer! 2006 by Jan Klata. The main subject matter of the performance are post-war resettlements of both Germans and Poles, that had been the result of changing borders within Europe, as agreed in Jalta and Potsdam. The spectacle has a form of fact theatre (including relations from witnesses) and engaged theatre (takes up the topic that is important for both societies, but has been ignored by the official narration and historical memory for a long time). The two parallel narrative threads create an ironic-bitter context. The first narration is based on the stories of history witnesses, who, as actors-amateurs, speak of their traumatic experience (both personal and taken from family stories) of resettlements. The second narration is led by professional actors, who play Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin, and Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Using a grotesque convention, they “re-play” the Jalta scenes. An important part of the article is an analysis of the title term of “transfer” and its relation to both the subject of the play and the threads of memory and post-memory, mentioned above.
„Dzięki wam, nieba, że jestem kobietą”. Panny, matki i wdowy w poezji Anny Libery „Krakowianki” (1805-1886)
Authors: Kusz Sara Anna
Published: December 2022

“Thank Thee, Heaven, That I Am a Woman”: Maidens, Mothers and Widows in the Poetry of Anna Libera “Krakowianka” (1805-1886) The article studies the ways of presenting the figures of maidens, mothers and widows in the poetry of Anna Libera “Krakowianka” (1805-1886) – an indigent and poorly educated provincial female worker. On the one hand, in the depiction of the abovementioned characters one can easily notice strong influences of Romantic and sentimental conventions. On the other, their portrayals are sometimes elaborate and replete with realistic detail. The poet paid attention to such issues as the poverty of families, different age of children, the significance of women’s clothing. Furthermore, piety and absolute acceptance of Christian rules coexist in her poetry with feminist demands. Eventually though, despite poor prospects regarding the status of women, Krakowianka’s writings express a view that being a woman is a gift that one should be grateful for.
Przed Wyspiańskim – wesele krakowskie jako temat teatru czasów romantyzmu
Authors: Budziak Monika
Published: December 2022

Before Wyspiański – the Krakow Wedding Reception as a Topic of Romantic Theatre The aim of the article is to consider the role played by the motif of the Kraków wedding reception in three Romantic works intended for the theatre: two operettas Wiesław czyli Wesele Krakowskie [Wiesław; or, A Kraków wedding reception] by Kazimierz Brodzinski and Wesele na Pocieszce [A wedding reception in Pocieszka] by Konstanty Majeranowski and the ballet Wesele krakowskie w Ojcowie [A Kraków wedding reception in Ojców] with the libretto by Bonawentura Kudlicz. The wedding reception is the main storyline in these works, which also provides them with dance-related motifs, and characters and situations, thus enhancing depicting country folk. Surprisingly, however, their identity is depicted in a stereotypical and simplified way. What – if not a group portrait of Kraków inhabitants – is shown in literature and theatre through wedding reception scenes?
Teorie rozumowań prawniczych a praktyka prawnicza
Authors: Araszkiewicz Michał
Published: December 2022

The author attempts to determine why normative theories (conceptions) of legal reasoning do not have a significant impact on legal practice. Three main conditions are formulated that should be met by a theory that aims to exert such an impact: systematic productivity, communication efficiency, and acceptability of results. A number of factors characterizing the legal practice are also identified that may render a theory that meets the above-mentioned conditions effectively inapplicable. In conclusion, an example of a theory is given that meets these conditions to a high degree: it is a certain version of the topical-rhetorical conception of legal reasoning, grounded in the assumptions of the constitutional state of law.
Postępowanie dyscyplinarne w sprawach nauczycieli akademickich w perspektywie kinetyczno-temporalnej
Authors: Baran-Wesołowska Beata
Published: December 2022

The article aims to present issues concerning disciplinary procedure pertaining to academic teachers from a kinetic-temporal perspective. The publication analyses subsequent stages and phases of such proceedings. Also studied are entities engaged both those on the employer’s part and those acting as part of the ministerial structures. The entire procedure is characterized as heterogeneous.
Upływ czasu jako negatywna przesłanka wszczęcia i kontynuowania postępowania w sprawie stwierdzenia nieważności decyzji administracyjnej a możliwość dochodzenia roszczeń odszkodowawczych z art. 4171 § 2 k.c.
Authors: Cebera Agata , Firlus Jakub G.
Published: December 2022

This article attempts to assess the effects of the Act of 11 August 2021 amending the – Code of Administrative Procedure on the general mechanism for declaring invalidity of a decision on the admissibility of compensation claims for unlawful actions by public authorities. The systemic relationship of these two prima facie unrelated institutions is evidenced by the requirement that the party must obtain a preliminary ruling in appropriate proceedings. Thus, the introduction of an arbitrary time limit as regards the possibility of obtaining a decision conditioning the admissibility of civil action should affect the standard of protection of individual rights. On the basis of lex lata, after 30 years from the date of delivery or announcement of the decision, not only is it impossible to declare its invalidity, but also to obtain an act declaring that it is unlawful in the light of Art. 156 § 1 of the Code of Administrative Procedure. As a result, due to the competitive nature of intra-administrative verification modes, the administrative and, secondarily, civil paths will be unavailable to an individual in many cases. Apart from the administrative aspect of the statute of limitations, the authors highlight the issues related to the limitation of claims for damages and their impact on the application of the new regulations in proceedings for annulment of a decision.
Akt o sztucznej inteligencji w przestrzeni unijnego prawa regulacyjnego – zarys problematyki
Authors: Dobosz Kamil
Published: December 2022

The paper deals with the Artificial Intelligence Act, describing its main features and provisions but the very idea is to present this source of law against the backdrop of various aspects and comparisons. The AI Act, in fact, paves the way for the nascent artificial intelligence law – to this end an attempt to define AI was undertaken by the European Parliament. For the sake of academic discussion, the author examines this part of law from the perspective of administrative law. However, this approach is even broadened so as to include the considerations pertaining to regulatory law which is properly outlined. Aside from that, adjacent legal (sub)fields are contrasted with artificial intelligence law. Last but not least the AI Act and other possibly related EU regulations are reviewed.
Praca zdalna w ujęciu kolizyjnoprawnym
Authors: Figura-Góralczyk Edyta
Published: December 2022

The article concerns remote work performed in a country other than where the employer’s place of business is based from the perspective of Private International Law. This is a topical issue due to the spread of new technologies and threats caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The study examines the law applicable to such employment relationships, both when a choice of law has been made by the parties and in the absence of it. In addition, the analysis covers the importance of the closer connection clause (escape clause) for determining the law applicable to remote work. The aim of the article is to determine the impact of the choice of law and the escape clause on the spread of remote work performed abroad.
Wykluczenie finansowe i integracja finansowa
Authors: Frańczuk Magdalena
Published: December 2022

The article focuses on the issue of financial exclusion, which is closely related to social exclusion. Financial discrimination should be considered as the most severe and unacceptable manifestation of financial exclusion. Financially excluded people who are not creditworthy often use shadow banking services, exposing themselves to losses. Factors counteracting financial exclusion should include, first of all, increased access to bank accounts. Until recently, the percentage of people using banking services in Poland was low, whereas currently this number has improved significantly. Also very important in this respect are basic payment account regulations. Codes of good banking practice and banking ethics are a complementary measure in the fight against financial exclusion. Equally important for financial inclusion are non-legal factors, including first of all the spreading information about even simple banking services and access to them, and thus building financial awareness among the excluded.
Zgoda państwa jako przesłanka działalności Polskiego Czerwonego Krzyża
Authors: Kowalczewska Kaja
Published: December 2022

This article reflects on the role of representatives of public trust professionals and social organizations in the face of legal and humanitarian crises. Using the example of attitudes towards the Polish Red Cross, the author is critical of the lack of knowledge and the public’s tendency towards panic in the face of difficult and time-consuming measures, especially regarding the relation between the Polish Red Cross and state authorities. In the first part, the basic principles of neutrality and independence that characterize the Red Cross movement are presented. The second, on the other hand, presents the misunderstandings that arose in public discussion after the Polish-Belarusian border crisis and the aggression of Russia and Belarus against Ukraine.
Roszczenie informacyjne w prawie własności intelektualnej – próba oceny po roku obowiązywania nowych regulacji .......... 345 Arkadiusz Michalak
Authors: Michalak Arkadiusz
Published: December 2022

The provisions of the Civil Procedure Code which in 2020 introduced a revised right of information claim in intellectual property cases could have been slightly more precise, so as not to force the persons concerned to reconstruct the basic premises of this claim from various provisions of the Civil Procedure Code and to avoid a situation in which key elements of the claim under consideration, e.g. the time limit for the provision of information, are abolished by the courts as a result of an interpretation of the law or must be interpreted in the light of existing legislation. It seems that these conditions should follow clearly from the provisions of law and instead of being formulated before the court by way of interpretation. Secondly, in my opinion, consideration should be given to increasing the guarantee of the accuracy of the information provided, in particular by introducing sanctions directly in the context of civil proceedings, since the current mechanism for basing negative consequences solely on a criminal sanction does not seem to be an optimal solution. Thirdly, the law should be modified in order to cover the situation where the information obtained in the course of the proceedings does not justify the initiation of a legal process, e.g. because the infringement is minimal. Obliging the person entitled to initiate court proceedings in every case does not seem to be a reasonable solution. Fourthly, in order to ensure real protection of the information provided to the rightholder, and in some cases the trade secret of the obligated party, consideration should be given to the introduction of specific sanctions for damages (perhaps in the form of lump sum compensation), due to the fact that reference to the general damage compensation rule does not constitute an effective sanction, which is confirmed by the previous practice in injunction proceedings, from which these provisions regarding the obligation to compensate for damage were copied. In the literature on the subject, it has been pointed out that there are basically no lawsuits regarding compensation claims resulting from the collapse of injunction and the same situation will most likely also take place on the basis of an information claim, because in their current shape the conditions for liability make it very difficult for the obligated person to prove the fact of suffering damage resulting from the provision of information in accordance with the court’s decision.
Kilka uwag o instrumentalnej wykładni prawa
Authors: Spyra Tomasz
Published: December 2022

The article is an attempt to analyse the notion of instrumental legal interpretation, which became an important tool of the ongoing process of weakening the rule of law in Poland. The author defines the notion of instrumental legal interpretation by reference to the purpose and manner of performing an interpretative act. Instrumental legal interpretation takes place if the purpose of the interpretative act is other than to determine the true meaning of law. As far as the manner of interpretation is concerned, instrumental interpretation uses different means and leads to a different result than interpretation aimed at determining the true meaning of law. The admissibility of instrumental legal interpretation is not easy to assess. In certain contexts such interpretation will be admissible, such as when attorneys interpret law so as to protect their client’s interest. Instrumental legal interpretation will be in turn inadmissible if it is performed by judges or legal scholars.
Relacion entre funciones ejecutivas y trastornos neuropsiquiatricos en pacientes con Alzheimer de diferente grado de severidad
Authors: Cañas Lucendo Manuel , Perea Bartolomé María Victoria , Ladera Fernandez Valentina
Published: December 2022

El objetivo del estudio consistió es investigar las Funciones Ejecutivas (FE) y los Trastornos neuropsiquiátricos en pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer en función del grado de severidad, en comparación con Sujetos sin deterioro cognitivo (SSDC). Se estudiaron 50 pacientes con EA y 60 SSDC en un estudio no experimental- transversal con un muestreo no probabilístico en base a una serie de criterios de inclusión. Se aplicó la batería de evaluación frontal y el inventario neuropsiquiátrico y los resultados mostraron que existe una relación negativa de intensidad moderada entre las FE y los TN, con independencia del grado de severidad de la EA. Se puede concluir que, en fase leve, la euforia se relaciona tanto con la sensibilidad hacia la interferencia como con el control inhibitorio; en fase moderada la irritabilidad se relaciona de manera positiva con la sensibilidad hacia la interferencia y; en la fase moderadamente grave, la programación motora se relaciona de manera negativa con la agitación.
Análisis del factor decisional en la política exterior colombiana: el ingreso de Colombia a la Alianza del Pacífico
Authors: Vargas-Alzate Luis Fernando
Published: December 2022

Este artículo profundiza un tema poco explorado en los estudios sobre Política Exterior Colombiana (PEC): los procesos de toma de decisión. Para ello, se retoman dos modelos clásicos en la materia (Putnam y Allison), los cuales se usan para analizar el proceso decisorio que llevó a Colombia a formar parte de la Alianza del Pacífico en 2012. El estudio de caso permite concluir que ciertos actores del sector privado —particularmente, los gremios económicos— tienen marcada incidencia en las actuaciones del poder ejecutivo, en relación con la toma de decisiones de la pec. Así, el ejercicio de generar política exterior en el país se distancia de los cánones usualmente sugeridos para la concreción de políticas públicas, a lavez que se convierte en privilegio de los actores más cercanos al presidente de la República. Finalmente, el trabajo llama la atención sobre la necesidad, y diversidad de oportunidades, de trabajar el Análisis de Política Exterior (APE) para el caso colombiano.
New ATP7B Gene Mutation in a Brazilian Patient with Wilson Disease
Authors: Villander Barros de Oliveira Sá Marcus , Siqueira Pacheco Flavio José , Carvalho Figueredo Jorge Luiz , de Sá Miranda Cavancante Filho Gustavo Henrique , de Oliveira Silva Thiago , Vasconcelos Silva Luydson Richardson
Published: December 2022

We report the case of a 70-year-old man diagnosed with late-onset Wilson disease (WD) with mild neurological symptoms only and a new mutation in the ATP7B gene. A compound mutation of the ATP7B gene was found with the variant c.98T>C p(Met33Thr) in exon 2, in heterozygosis, and variant c.2224G>A (Val742Ile) in exon 8, in heterozygosis. Patient age should not be a determinant for excluding WD. Genetic sequencing is an important tool for the discovery of new genetic mutations.
OPENING E-MAIL MARKETING MESSAGES ON SMARTPHONES: THE VIEWS OF MILLENNIAL CONSUMERS
Authors: Barbosa Belem , Carneiro Ricardo
Published: December 2022

Recent years have witnessed a steep rise in the adoption of smartphones and their prevalence in all the activities related to internet browsing. Consequently, mobile devices should be essential to any digital marketing strategy. At the same time, some digital marketing tactics such as e-mail marketing became popular due to their reported efficacy and return on investment. Still, research on e-mail marketing is scarce and consumers’ behavior towards e-mail campaigns received on their smartphones has not been addressed. Considering this research gap, the present study aims at identifying the factors responsible for opening promotional emails on the smartphones by millennial consumers. Based on the available literature on e-mail marketing message opening behavior, an exploratory study was conducted among 12 Portuguese Millennials. Results of the study show that smartphones are a preferred medium for receiving promotional e-mails, due to the convenience it offers and the preference of the participants for their smartphones to perform their personal tasks. Still, to make the users open e-mail messages on their smartphones, the subject lines should be relevant for e.g., it should promise some economic benefits and limited time offers. Overall, this study demonstrates that smartphones provide a very attractive yet challenging medium for companies to communicate with their customers and prospects through e-mail marketing. It also discusses the relevance of the topic for future research.
IMPACT OF UNCERTAINTY ON HUNGARIAN, CZECH, AND POLISH CURRENCIES
Authors: Békesová Dominika , Bohdalová Mária
Published: December 2022

The present study examined the impact of uncertainty on the exchange rates of currency pairs traded at the Visegrad Group, except the currency of Slovakia. The USD/EUR exchange rate is considered the main influential factor affecting the exchange rates of the currency pairs of Hungary, Czech Republic, and Poland. The study analysed the exchange rates return of these three countries from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020. This period covers the announcement and implementation of Brexit; therefore, USD/GBP is considered the second influential factor affecting the exchange rates of the stated currencies. Moreover, the VIX, EMV, and EPU indices are selected as additional uncertainty indicators. The proposed regression model measures the impact of uncertainty on the exchange rates of the selected currencies. It has been discovered that the USD/EUR exchange rate returns significantly influenced the exchange rate returns of the stated currencies during the period under study. In addition, USD/GBP exchange rate returns also had a statistically significant impact on all the currency pairs at the beginning of the analysed period. However, its influence keeps fluctuating throughout the analysed period. The impact of VIX was weak throughout but statistically significant for USD/HUF and USD/PLN exchange rates. On the other hand, the study finds that EMV and EPU indices do not have a pronounced impact on the analysed exchange rate returns. As demonstrated, the uncertainty indices had a relatively higher impact on the development of the observed exchange rate returns. However, the study finds that their impact was often not statistically significant; moreover, the index impacts themselves were quite low.
THE EFFECTS OF OUTWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Osabuohien-Irabor Osarumwense , Drapkin Igor Mikhailovich
Published: December 2022

This study examines the interactions of outward foreign direct investment with institutional quality as well as other macroeconomic determinants to determine whether their joint impact promotes home country economic growth. Econometric techniques such as the pooled OLS, fixed effect, differenced Generalized Methods of Moment, and the System Generalized Methods of Moment (GMM) are utilized for panel dataset of 141 countries for the period 2003-2019. The study finds that the dynamic interaction of outward foreign direct investments (FDI) and institutional quality is positive and boosts home country’s economic growth and development. Furthermore, evidence shows that the mutual reinforcement of outward FDI and exchange rate gives rise to economic growth. This suggests that when home country’s currency appreciates, there may be a higher flow of overseas direct investment to countries with weaker exchange rate, given that the domestic currency can buy more investment. This enhances economic growth through forward and backward linkages. These results imply that policymakers should consider sound economic policies that integrates outward FDI with home country institutions as well as other economic determinants to enhance economic growth.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND GDP IN ROMANIA
Authors: Siriteanu Adelina-Andreea
Published: December 2022

According to the general theory, direct investment has many positive effects on the economy of a state. Romania has attracted a growing number of direct investments. Romania's economy is still marked by the transition from a closed to a market economy. Thus, the effects of communism are still felt today. However, it is making every effort to develop and provide its citizens with a better way of life in line with European norms. It is well-known that direct investments in a country creates opportunities for its economy and people. Various empirical studies have analysed the impact of direct investment on the GDP growth of a country. The present study explored the relationship between direct investment and Romania's GDP using bivariate VAR models. Granger causality principle was used to test the hypothesis that the volume of direct investments in the past explains the current GDP values and the current volume of direct investments. The study found that the rising trend in direct investments in Romania leads to the growth of GDP. The estimated VAR models for Romania provide evidence that increasing GDP results in increased direct investments in the country, reinforcing the idea that investors are sensitive to stable macroeconomic conditions. Subsequent research could also include a comparative study with European Union countries or the introduction of other variables such as inflation rate, unemployment rate, labor costs, etc.
OCCUPATIONAL BURNOUT SYNDROME AMONG COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Ivanova Mariya , Todorova Anna , Pesheva Magdalena
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The community pharmacy is the most accessible medical facility in the current healthcare system. Therefore, the expectations from  pharmacists as the most accessible healthcare professionals are constantly rising. However, various studies indicate that pharmacists are subject to very high levels of occupational stress and professional burnout is common.

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed new challenges to the work organisation in pharmacies and demand for an adequate reorganisation. In addition, it forced pharmacists to quickly adapt to the new circumstances and requirements and further increased occupational stress. 

Objective: To establish the level of occupational burnout among community pharmacists during COVID-19.

Materials and Methods: An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 127 pharmacists working in community pharmacies in Varna, Bulgaria. The study period was from March 2021 to October 2021. The questionnaire consisted of two parts; the first one was based on the specialised Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS) tool, assessing professional burnout in terms of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and personal accomplishment; the second one collected data about the demographic characteristics of the respondents, including their job position, pharmacy type (an independent pharmacy or a pharmacy chain) and information on specific problems during COVID-19.

Results: The identified mean values in the group of respondents were as follows: emotional exhaustion M=23.39 (SD 9,298), depersonalisation M=12.37 (SD 6,426), professional achievements M=31.25 (SD 7,531). The sample mean values that stood out were in the depersonalisation scale М=12.37, which is considered a high value.  A statistically significant difference was found in the different age groups on the depersonalisation scale (F=3,957, p=0,022). There was a statistically significant difference between the arithmetic mean values for the age groups 25-40 years (M=13.75) and over 55 years (M=9.86).

Conclusion:  Based on the statistical differences for depersonalisation among pharmacists in different age groups, it can be concluded that young pharmacists do not express empathy while providing pharmaceutical care services.
THE CLINICAL ENVIRONMENT AS A SOURCE OF STRESS AMONG BACHELORS OF MEDICAL SPECIALTIES
Authors: Obreykova Monika
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The fundamental goal of medical education is to train knowledgeable and capable medical professionals. However, the heavy workload during the learning process and clinical practice can sometimes negatively impact students’ mental health. This research paper aims to draw attention to the stress-causing factors and strategies for coping with stress during the clinical practice of nurses, midwives, and medical assistants. An online survey was conducted to study the opinion of 100 students of medical specialties from the Department of Health Care, University “Prof. Dr. Asen Zlatarov”, Burgas, during their clinical practice in four private and public hospitals in the city of Burgas. The research was conducted in November-December 2021.  The results of the study reveal that stress factors significantly predict the mental health of undergraduate students in medical specialties and can cause health problems and adverse situations. The study outlined the main challenge in medical education as the establishment of methods that ignore the students’ insecurities and suggests strategies for dealing with stress. Furthermore, the fears that cause stress among students about the activities performed during clinical practice were illustrated. Finally, the study found that many dynamic experiences influence the well-being of undergraduate students in medicine during their clinical practice. The findings of the study will allow the cultivation of professional endurance in patient care.
AN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCTION OF AXIAL INDUCTION MOTOR
Authors: Kamberov Konstantin , Todorov Georgi , Ivanov Tsvetozar
Published: December 2022

This study presents the latest technology to produce axial induction motors for application in electric vehicles. A review of current state-of-the-art technology is performed on the solutions with soft magnetic powder core or machined parts that are not appropriate for mass production. Therefore, new technology is proposed, based on analyzed production technologies specifics. It involves use of a standard metal strips to make both stator and rotor cores. This design includes a spirally wound strip of magnetically conductive material and stacked trapezoidal lamellas. The trapezoidal lamellae are cut using waste-free technology for e.g., guillotine, without specialized punches as in traditional engines. As a result, metal cutting operations are significantly simplified and require widely used production equipment in the industry. The developed technology is appropriate for mass production due to its relatively low cost and eases adaptability. The proposed design is at the physical prototyping and testing stage. Thus, it will be validated by testing the physical prototype in the real industrial environment. This innovative technology is patented and currently under commercialization.
NEW POSSIBILITIES OF SOCIAL WORK IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Authors: Mareková Hermína
Published: December 2022

The present study aims to map some critical aspects of social work in the 21st century, especially when participants in the old social assistance system are facing difficulties in the old system. Integration or reintegration of individuals back into society often becomes discriminatory. It is outdated and not accessible to everyone in need. This unresolved issue has been discussed as a large number of patients cannot be discharged from the hospital simply because they have nowhere to go or their home environment is unsatisfactory. Even the idea of providing comprehensive care to patients in a hospital setting is not possible. There are few professionals in hospitals. In the hospital, even if sufficient care is provided, the reintegration of the patients into the society or their families is not possible, which would mean the success of this therapy. This situation can be solved by using a multidisciplinary approach, as the biological, psychological, and social aspects must be considered to solve it. The study deal with the most important tasks in the context of social care in selected areas.
SELECTED SPECIFICS OF CRISIS AND DISASTER PSYCHOLOGY
Authors: Pastuchová Neumannová Andrea
Published: December 2022

The present study uses the terms disaster, crisis, and emergency, these situations cause threats to life, health, and property. Disasters, crisis, and crisis phenomena, trauma, PTSD are briefly characterised in the study. It also studies vulnerability of intervening rescuers, emphasising post-traumatic care, and crisis intervention as an effective psychosocial support tool for the victims and IRS professionals after the disaster. Based on the content and comparative analysis of relevant information, regulations, available literature, and other sources, the present comprehensive study is prepared for scientific research; other research methods are also used in the study.

The goal of the study was to map the trends in disaster occurrence, analyse the most common form of the disaster, and disaster management techniques relevant to Slovak Republic. In addition, the study presents selected crisis intervention techniques used by rescue professionals during a disaster.

The study mapped the disasters in Presov region in the Slovak Republic in 2020. It was found that the number of floods during the period increased from 147 to 389 compared to 2019. The Presov region in the territory of Slovakia is a disaster-prone area, frequently hit by disasters. The most common disaster affecting the region is the flood. In further studies, the authors are interested in analysing the occupational hazards of firefighters and police officers. The "Guidelines: psychosocial support for uniformed workers," the first European directive for providing effective psychosocial support to the rescuing paramedics after disasters, terrorism, and other emergencies, are considered important for the study. Psychologists from the Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic actively provide crisis intervention, "post-traumatic intervention teams" have been established in the Slovak Republic using CISM (Critical Incident Stress Management) baseline methodology.