bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of e-learning in improving the quality of educational outcomes in Jordanian higher education institutions
Authors: Hijazeen Omar Wassef , Bakir Sahar Mohd Abu , Awad Hussain Ahmad , Alshanty Ahmad Ghazi , Al-Radaideh Ahmad Tawfig , Almajali Dmaithan , Almajali Haya
Published: April 2024

This study investigates how e-learning can raise the caliber of education provided in Jordanian higher education institutions. The study looks into how e-learning affects educational quality by taking into account individual demands, perceived learning value, and technological and electronic requirements. Using a questionnaire, information was gathered from professors at six Jordanian private universities in Amman. The findings underscore the significance of e-learning mandates and the moderating function of upper management backing in augmenting academic achievements. Faculty members should be empowered, and tools should be made available to maximize learning results.
Web design and its effect on key variables associated with online consumer behavior in the retail sector
Authors: García-Salirrosas Elizabeth Emperatriz , Rondon-Eusebio Rafael Fernando , Millones-Liza Dany Yudet
Published: April 2024

This study examines the effect of web design on the generation of electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) through the satisfaction of e-commerce consumers in the retail sector. To this end, three main objectives were proposed: (1) Evaluate the effect of web design on the perception of security, perceived enjoyment, perceived usefulness and perceived risk of the e-commerce consumer in the retail sector; (2) Evaluate the effect of customer service, perception of security, perceived enjoyment and perceived usefulness on consumer satisfaction in e-commerce in the retail sector; and (3) Explain the positive effect of customer satisfaction and the negative effect of perceived risk on the generation of E-WOM. A study was carried out using a quantitative approach with a non-experimental and cross-sectional design. Through non-probabilistic convenience sampling, a total of 422 questionnaires from consumers in the retail sector were collected. A partial approach was used to analyze the data. Least Squares PLS-SEM by using SmartPLS. The results show the significant positive effect of web design on the perceptions of security, customer service, and customer satisfaction. And a negative effect on risk perception. Furthermore, this study revealed the mediating effects of risk perception, security perception, and quality of customer service in the retail sector. This study has theoretical, practical, social, and customer management implications, so it will be useful in academic, social, and business areas. The results show the positive and significant effect of web design on the perception of security, enjoyment, and usefulness of online shopping. The negative and significant effect of web design on risk perception was also demonstrated; furthermore, this study revealed the positive and significant effect of perceived usefulness, enjoyment, security, and electronic service on customer satisfaction in online shopping. Finally, the negative and significant effect of risk perception on the generation of electronic word of mouth and the positive and significant effect of satisfaction on the generation of electronic word of mouth were demonstrated.
Sentiment analysis of Saudi e-commerce using naïve bayes algorithm and support vector machine
Authors: Shenify Mohammed
Published: April 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic which has spread across all countries, including Saudi Arabia, has caused the government to create limited curfew policies in the country that affected the economy. This policy has given rise to a new trend in society, namely the habit of shopping online. The trend of purchasing online via e-commerce increases. However, people's opinions and attitudes towards this trend vary. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the subjectivity of public opinion or sentiment on the e-commerce activities using probability and statistical approaches, i.e.: the Naïve Bayes (NB) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. Three experimental scenarios of dataset splitting for training and testing; 90%:10%; 80%:20%; and 70%:30%. The comparison of accuracy values was carried out using an automatic labeling method. Experimental results show that the 70%:30% split scenario provides the best result, with 89% of accuracy, 99.7% of Precision, 88% of Recall and 93.5% of F1-score for the SVM classifier.
The role of information system quality and perceived usefulness on user satisfaction and sustainable e-learning
Authors: Panyahuti Panyahuti , Alam Heldy Vanni , Nurhayati Ida , Helnanelis Helnanelis , Tjiwidjaja Halim , Hilmiyati Fitri , Gunawan Anak Agung Ngurah , Prabowo Gunawan Setyo
Published: April 2024

This research aims to analyze the relationship between information system quality and user satisfaction, the relationship between perceived usefulness and user satisfaction and the relationship between user satisfaction and sustainable e-learning. The research method used in this research is associative research. The population in this study were all students who had undergone lectures using e-learning. In this study, the analytical model was used, namely Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and the number of respondents was 456 high school students in Indonesia, who have undergone lectures using e-learning. The sampling technique used in this research is nonprobability sampling. The data collection method used was the questionnaire method and the instrument used to measure this research variable was a 5-point Likert scale. Data processing in this research uses SmartPLS software. The data analysis stage in this research is the outer model test including convergent validity, discriminant validity and composite reliability and inner model analysis, namely hypothesis testing. The results of the study indicate the quality of the information system has a positive effect on user satisfaction, Perceived Usefulness has a positive effect on user satisfaction and user satisfaction has a positive effect on sustainable e-learning. The implication is that every element at every level in formal educational institutions must pay serious attention to personal factors, including attention to student achievement expectations, relative excellence expected by students, student suitability with the e-learning system chosen in an institution's formal education, and the attitude of students who are willing to accept and continuously use e-learning. In this way, students will be consistent in using e-learning so that student achievement, which is the main goal of every school, can be achieved. The limitation of this research is that it does not provide prior understanding to respondents regarding the scope of the meaning of sustainable e-learning.
The effect of marketing via Instagram on generation Z's preference for gyms and the role of brand image as a moderating variable
Authors: Al-Haddad Shafig , Sharabati Abdel-Aziz Ahmad , Alzubi Bushra , Quirem Zena Al , Rihani Rola
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the effect of marketing via Instagram on Generation Z’s preference for gyms in Jordan, so it would be helpful for marketers of gyms to be aware of using Instagram to attract Generation Z as their potential customers. Moreover, a sample questionnaire was carried out with 138 respondents, which were mostly female respondents (74%) and male respondents (26%). Additionally, 51% of the total number of respondents were 21-24 years old. Therefore, the data was analyzed by applying various statistical techniques such as Cronbach’s alpha for testing the reliability of the data, and multiple regression using SPSS version 22 for examining the hypotheses. Likewise, the results showed that Instagram and these variables (entertainment, interaction, trendiness, and customization) have an effect on customers' brand choice, but trendiness did not have a significant effect on the consumer's brand choice, but after testing the effect of the brand image, it became clear that it has significant effect, and therefore it was concluded that brand image has an important effect on customer’s brand choice.
Investigating electronic human resource management systems, sustainable innovation, and organizational agility on sustainable competitive advantage in the manufacturing industries
Authors: Aminudin Achmad , Tampubolon Nobel Kristian Tripandoyo , Safkaur Otniel , Makbul Yogi , Siswantari Siswantari , Rahmiati Dini , Husain M. Najib , Nuwairah Nahed
Published: April 2024

This research aimed to analyze the relationship between electronic human resources (e-HRM) and sustainable competitive advantage, organizational agility and sustainable competitive advantage, and sustainable innovation and sustainable competitive advantage in the manufacturing industry in Indonesia using a quantitative approach. The population of this research was managers of manufacturing companies in Indonesia. A total of 800 online questionnaires were sent using a simple random sampling method and 540 valid questionnaires were received. The questionnaire contains statement items using a Likert scale from 1 to 7. To measure the structural model and to test research hypotheses, the research used the PLS-SEM method with WarPLS 7.0 software. The stages of data analysis in this research were reliability and validity tests, significance tests and hypothesis testing. This research concludes that e-HRM had a positive and significant relationship with sustainable competitive advantage, Organizational Agility had a positive and significant relationship with sustainable competitive advantage and sustainable innovation has a positive and significant relationship with sustainable competitive advantage. The research emphasizes that e-HRM practices encourage sustainable innovation and organizational agility to achieve competitive advantage. The study also provides a more comprehensive understanding that e-HRM practices contribute to sustainable competitive advantage by driving continuous innovation and strengthening organizational agility. The research emphasizes the importance of utilizing digital technology for human resource management (HRM) processes, organizations must implement digital transformation by adopting e-HRM practices to increase manufacturing efficiency and effectiveness thereby increasing performance and competitiveness. This research encourages companies to increase continuous innovation to increase sustainable competitiveness.
The drivers of addiction to online shopping, social media, and tourism: A study of cyborg consumers
Authors: Suhud Usep , Allan Mamoon , Juliana Juliana , Rahmi Rahmi
Published: April 2024

This research focuses on the consumer cyborg's engagement with social media, online shopping, and tourism activities. The objective is to explore the effect of narcissism, social media addiction, and self-esteem on online shopping and tourism addiction. The survey involved 221 participants chosen through the convenient sampling method. The data was processed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models. The findings of this study indicate that narcissism significantly influences social media addiction and self-esteem. Besides, social media addiction has a considerable effect on self-esteem. In addition, self-esteem significantly impacts both online shopping addiction and tourism addiction. These findings provide new insights into cyborg marketing and consumer addiction theory.
Assessment of Hepatoprotective Consequence of Alpinia galanga Extract against Ethanol and Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Damage on Experimental Animal
Authors: Srivastava Archita , Kumari Archna , Kumar Tripathi Abhishek , Kumar Singh Sunil , Srivastava Vineet
Published: April 2024

The current study is design to evaluate the hepatoprotective action of an aqueous extract derived from the rhizome of Alpinia galanga in male Wistar rats. This assessment is conducted using a modified animal model that simulates liver toxicity induced by alcohol and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) exposure. 30Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6) as the procedure was designed to last up to eight weeks. All the animals were fed with alcohol in free access, having a concentrationof 4% (v/v) ethanol, Additionally. The CCl4 is administered orally, which means it is given through the mouth. This can be done using a gavage needle or other oral administration methods. The dose of CCl4 is calculated based on the body weight of the subjects, with a dosage of 0.2ml per kilogram of body weight in ratio of 1:1.A drug Alpinia galanga aqueous extract (AEAG) was dissolved in unionized water and administered orally using an oral gauge in a single dosage at a rate of 500mg/kg body weight. In addition, the standard group received a standard medication, silymarin, at a dose of 25 mg/kg. Rats were killed at the conclusion of the trial, and a liver were taken for histological investigations and other biochemical testing, including lipid profiles, liver function tests, antioxidant activity tests. Each experimental group's body weight was checked once each week. The results indicatethe curative group was only marginally different from the preventive group based on biochemical parameters, antioxidant activity, and histological evaluation, whereas the animal treated with the preventive group is much more similar to the standard treated group than the curative group.
Generic Framework for Vehicle Identification System with Deep Learning Models
Authors: Raja Rao PBV
Published: April 2024

In contemporary vehicle scenario, different kinds of vehicles are playing vital role for the customers. Day by day, vehicles are increasing with different properties and identifications. Monitoring and maintain the records of vehicles in digital platform is the challenging task as well as a crucial task for the countries. Here, we have to take the scenario of digitalization of vehicles with deep learning network models for identification and maneuvering process. In our country, different states are following multiple vehicle identification like numbering, coloring and imaging. Many researchers were contributing towards this identification mechanism like supervised, unsupervised models for getting optimum accuracy. Text and Image classification are not sufficient to solve this vehicle identification problem. We are incorporating text, image and video related unstructured data set to solve this problem. We have framed a generic architecture for all kind of vehicles analyze the data. For instance, a vehicle is moving towards CCTV camera and it has been recorded as video content. In this paper, we come across video to still pictures and image segmentation and all the identification parameters like White, Yellow and green. We performed both text classification and image classification algorithms to acquire effective result compared to existing algorithms. Bi Directional RNN (LSTM/GRU) and LeNet, Alex Net, Inception, VggNet and ResNet algorithms are analyzed for this entire process. This is one of the globally challenging scenarios for identification with feature extraction, data cleaning and processing. At the end of the result, we achieved 98.94 % accuracy compare than other existing systems.
Decoding Stress with Computer Vision-Based Approach Using Audio Signals for Psychological Event Identification during COVID-19
Authors: Ankit Kumar
Published: April 2024

Interpreting psychological events can be costly and quite complex. It is simple to translate such experiences into a person's spoken and nonverbal cues.  The suggested model investigates a computer vision-based method for using an individual's audio signal to identify stressful psychological events. Different people's input speech signals are recorded and compared to the common questionnaire. A series of inquiries pertaining to the second stage of COVID-19 events are included in the questionnaire set. Through additional processing, these speech signals are converted into frequency components by means of the Fast Fourier transformation (FFT) method. A long short-term memory module processes each frequency component and produces temporal information from each frequency band. The features of speech signals are extracted into the temporal frames by this module. The VGG 16 algorithm is used to further classify each temporal frame into stress and un-stress classes. A classifier with 16 layers of architecture is called VGG 16. A feed-forward convolutional neural network called VGG 16 is used to divide the vast array of speech signal features into classes: stressed and unstressed. The proposed model attempts to recognize speech signals as stress indicators. A standard set of questionnaires with a series of interrogation-style questions has been used to develop the stress symptoms in an individual's mind. The audio signals generated by each person's responses are recorded and subsequently analyzed for stress and un-stress classes. The proposed model was able to identify stress in speech signals with 98% accuracy. The time and cost implications of the suggested model are relevant. Medical research is typically costly and time-consuming.LSTM; VGG 16; CNN model; data preprocessing; speech signal.
Cost Optimal Analysis of Positive Energy Buildings
Authors: Mayer Clemens , Tuerk Andreas , Marotta Ilaria , Ciria Aylagas Raul
Published: April 2024

This paper describes the cost optimal calculation method for the techno-economic assessment of Positive-Energy-Buildings (PEBs) and applies this evaluation framework to two case studies in different climate zones. The approach is based on the EU supplementing guide-line 2012/C 115/01 and compares global costs and net primary energy demand of different energy technology packages. The case studies are residential buildings located in Valladolid, Spain (Mediterranean climate) and Helsinki/Kalasatama, Finland (Nordic climate). The results of the analysis reveals that not all PEB technologies are cost optimal and reduce global costs with current energy prices. Several factors affect the cost-effectiveness of the technologies, such as the shape of the building, the climate zone and the overall technological system in which they operate. Furthermore, results are very sensitive to calculation parameters such as electricity prices, discount rate and calculation period. The cost optimal analysis of case stud-ies in different climate zones indicates that PV and a change of the heating system are in most cases cost optimal technology solutions that reduce net primary energy demand and global costs. Lessons learned from this research can contribute to the definition of comprehensive evaluation frameworks aimed at optimizing, disseminating and replicating PEBs in Europe.
“Show Me a Family of Readers…”: Investigating the Connection between Readers’ Attitudes and Their Ratings of Their Creativity in the Reading Process
Authors: Moutsinas Georgios Alexandros
Published: April 2024

The headline of this research is on how schoolchild readers’ mental frameworks alter their understanding of what constitutes creative reading. In the paper at hand, 320 Greek fourth graders participated in a correlational survey project, wherein both basic and multiple linear regression, as well as Pearson’s r product–moment correlation, were exerted to ponder the annals assembled. The procured results, among others, indicated a senior, reversed match allying the sub-dimensions of the dispensed “attitude toward reading and perception of creative reading (ATR–PCR)” scale; to put it modestly, as a student’s position near reading improves, the importance they assign on their ability to steer their imagination while reading decreases. Besides that, strong shared links dealing with the perception of inventive reading and the sub-facets of contributions, meaning, activities, and the plenary praxis of reading, plus the fact that temperament in view of reading was a covariate of the mindfulness of ingenious reading, were identified.
Leading through service, stewardship and suffering
Authors: Liland Truls
Published: April 2024

In this article, the leadership of Hans Nielsen Hauge (1771–1824), the founder and main figure of the significant Haugean movement in Norway during the 1800s, will be explored through the lens of servant leadership theory. More specifically, a theoretical framework described and developed by van Dierendonck will be systematically utilized to understand the legacy of Hans Nielsen Hauge better, especially as it relates to his leadership and people development. Thus, three broad questions will be asked: (1) How can Hauge's role as a leader and role model be understood? (2) What are some important characteristics of his leadership thinking and practice, also based on his followers' perceptions? (3) To what extent can servant leadership theory provide a deeper understanding of Hauge's leadership?
A vontade de potência e o pactário: querelas entre a filosofia de Nietzsche e Grande sertão: veredas, de Guimarães Rosa
Authors: Pereira Volmir
Published: April 2024

Este ensaio faz uma aproximação entre a filosofia de Friedrich Nietzsche, especialmente o conceito de “vontade de potência” (Wille zur Macht) e o drama fáustico que ressoa no discurso de Riobaldo, narrador-protagonista de Grande sertão: veredas (2001 [1956]), de Guimarães Rosa. Em nossa hipótese, há um diálogo interessante entre filosofia e literatura na medida em que o arquétipo do sujeito pactário se apresenta como afirmação da vontade individual, disposto à transvaloração dos valores morais instituídos. Todavia, enquanto para o filósofo alemão a “vontade de potência” apontaria para uma radical demolição do sagrado e do divino, para o narrador rosiano o viés místico ainda se apresentaria como possibilidade de sentido a transcender a experiência humana imediata. Nessa direção, entendemos ser fundamental avançar em uma leitura social e histórica do texto filosófico e literário, observando correspondências e divergências quanto a seus aspectos ideológicos e utópicos.
A gestão do corpo-si na constituição do saber investido pelo profissional liberal da área da saúde: especificidades de um relato
Authors: Simor Verardi Luciana , De Freitas Ernani Cesar
Published: April 2024

O tema deste estudo é linguagem e trabalho, ergologia e psicologia organizacional e do trabalho (POT) na investigação da gestão do uso do corpo-si e do saber investido por um profissional liberal da área da saúde. O objetivo é analisar a gestão do uso do corpo-si desse profissional liberal na construção do saber investido diante do vazio de normas. Teoricamente, baseia-se em pressupostos da ergologia, da linguagem e trabalho e da psicologia organizacional e do trabalho (POT). Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza aplicada, exploratória, bibliográfica, de campo, com abordagem qualitativa. O corpus de análise consiste no relato de uma entrevista semiestruturada com um profissional liberal da área da saúde, abrangendo questões de sua prática profissional. Os resultados evidenciam que a gestão do uso de si do profissional liberal está fortemente atrelada à gestão dos saberes investidos diante dos riscos que envolvem a tomada de decisão.
Knowledge as determinant in deciding expectant mother’s birth assistance at Taliwang Public Health Centre, West Nusa Tenggara, 2013
Authors: Karjono M. , Wulandari Luh Putu Lila , Suryadhi Nyoman Tigeh
Published: April 2024

Regional government directives push for 90% of all expectant mothers to utilise birthing assistance from trained health care providers, however recent data from Taliwang Public Health Center indicates this falls well below the target only 56.8%. The choice of alternative forms of birthing assistance can often result in risky and dangerous birthing methods, thereby increasing the possibility of infant/maternal mortality. In order to explore this, a study to explore factors influencing the birth assistance choice at Taliwang Public Health Center was conducted. A cross sectional design was adopted in the study. Total sample of 160 pregnant mothers was selected from a total of 1068 population using systematic random sampling. Each respondent was interviewed using a questionnaire. Data were analysed using univariate, bivariate (chi square) and multivariate analysis (logistic regression). The results of bivariate analysis indicate that factors influencing a choice of birth assistance were: knowledge levels [X2=20.79; p=0.003]; access to the health service [X2=10.34; p=0.006], access to reliable information [X2=6.15; p=0.011), parent’s role [X2=10.64; p=0.002] and influence of authority/religious figures [X2=10.21; p=0.006). The multivariate analysis revealed that knowledge levels of mothers was the most significant and influential factor in birthing assistance choice [OR=2.02; p=0.013; 95%CI 1.16-3.51; R2=0.13]. It is evident that there is a need to upscale efforts in improving the knowledge levels of expectant mothers regarding risky birthing practices, through health promotion programs, and to increase the frequency of the current antenatal classes. Furthermore, studies regarding other factors which might influence expectant mothers birthing assistance choice, such as socio-cultural factors, the role of healthcare providers, traditional birthing mythologies could be explored.
Risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus of outpatients in the community health centres of South Denpasar Subdistrict
Authors: Trisnawati Sri , Widarsa I Ketut Tangking , Suastika Ketut
Published: April 2024

The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is increasing throughout the world particularly type 2 DM. The changes in people’s lifestyle and diets are assumed to play major roles. This study aimed to examine the relationships between the risk factors such as obesity based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), hypertension, inactivity, smoking, and age ≥50 years with the incidence of type 2 DM. A matched case-control design involving of 136 pairs of men with family history of diabetes was used in this study. Cases and controls were selected from outpatients at the South Denpasar Sub-District Public Health Center. Data from outpatients were collected by interviewing, physical and laboratory examinations. Data were analyzed using McNemar and logistic regression. Based on the statistical analysis the Odds Ratio (OR) of the factors such as obesity (based on waist circumference) was 5.2 [95%CI: 2.31-11.68] with p=0.001 and age ≥50 years was 4 [95%CI: 1.74-9.21] with p=0.001. It can be concluded that patients with obesity (based on waist circumference) and age of ≥50 years have a higher risk for type 2 DM. It suggested that the occurrence obesity in the community can be reduced by modifying the lifestyle and eating patterns of the community.
Barriers to the implementation of plan initiative (P4K) in Badung District
Authors: Mariani Putri , Widarini Putu , Pangkahila Alex
Published: April 2024

The family-centered safe birthing initiative (P4K) is aimed to reduce maternal and newborn mortality rates. The P4K program involves the distribution of promotional stickers by community health care workers. In 2011, the coverage of the P4K had reached 100% of villages, and 98.9% of expectant mothers had attached the promotional sticker on a visible section of their homes. However, the process is reported not implemented using standard procedures before placing the sticker on their homes. This study is aimed to explore the barriers to the implementation of P4K in Badung. This study was descriptive qualitative using phenomenology approach. Data were collected using focus group discussion (FGD) with 20 midwives and 10 cadres, in-depth interviews (with 6 expectant mothers and 3 husbands/family members) and participant observation of P4K implementation in public health centers. Secondary data was obtained through relevant P4K document analysis. Informants were purposively selected using the criteria of 1) midwives already trained in P4K, 2) cadres already trained in P4K and 3) P4K participating expectant mothers. Research findings indicate that knowledge, attitude and mother’s and husband’s behaviour impact negatively upon program implementation. There is also an evidence of lack of logistical support including: P4K administrational forms, IEC pamphlets and transportation costs. Midwives and participating healthcare providers have a very good knowledge; however, their behaviour does not demonstrate this. The poor governance of centres and high mobility of expectant mothers also impacted upon program implementation. Future recommendations include program widening of scope and upscale, increased logistical support, continual monitoring and evaluation, research into program funding governance as well as upscale involvement of stakeholders.
Taeniasis saginata infection prevalence in raw beef lawar consumers, in Sukawati Sub-District, Gianyar, 2012
Authors: Harimbawa Oka , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung , Adiputra I Nyoman
Published: April 2024

Research indicates that taeniasis and cysticocircosis are endemic in Bali with increasing trend found each year. Previous research in Gianyar District indicated that taeniasis prevalence was 23.8%, with the highest prevalence found in the sub-district of Sukawati. This high prevalence is partly influenced by the community practices and a culture of raw beef consumption in this area. This research used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data was collected through cross sectional analysis of 80 samples of raw beef consumers (interviews on risk behaviours and past experience). Fecal samples from these respondents were also taken and examined for taeniasis saginata infection. Qualitative data was collected through participatory observation and in-depth interviews with raw beef foodstall owners. The research findings indicated that the percentage of taeniasis saginata infection was found predominantly in the 15-44 age group, were male and did not have a formal education. Bivariate analysis indicated that the most significant factors were gender (p=0.018), location of foodstall (p=0.001) and respondent lawar consumption frequency (p=0.013). Multivariate analysis using cox regression methods found that the location of foodstall had a significant correlation with the occurrence of taeniasis saginata (p=0.003). Recommendations include education for raw beef providers and upscaled testing of consumers and further research into other variables such as livestock slaughter behaviours and meat preparation protocols.
Trends in HIV Prevalence, Condom Use and Associated Factors among Female Sex Workers in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Wirawan Dewa Nyoman , Rowe Emily , Suarjaya Made , Armini Luh Putu Sri
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to review trends of HIV prevalence, condom use and associated risk factors among the female sex workers (FSW) in Denpasar, Bali. 

Methods: To analyze trends of HIV prevalence, surveillance data from 2000-2013 was used. Survey data from 2007 to 2013 was referenced for analysis of condom use trends. Data on associated risk factors was taken from 2012 integrated HIV and behavior survey.

Results and conclusion: HIV prevalence among direct FSW in 2000 was as low as 1.6% (95%CI: 0.05-3.15) and continued to rise, reaching a prevalence peak of 22.5% (95%CI: 16.4-26.6) in 2010.  HIV prevalence began to decline in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Analysis unearthed similar prevalence trends among indirect FSW albeit with a much lower prevalence of 0.25% in 2001, rising to 7.2% in 2010 and declining to 2.2% in 2013. The proportion of direct FSW reporting to always wear condoms in the last working week increased from 38% in 2007 (95%CI: 33.3-42.7) to 65% in 2013 (95%CI: 60.4-69.6). Multivariate analysis with logistic regression indicated that the significant risk factor with HIV prevalence was the specific grouping of FSW, in that low/mid-price are more at risk in comparison to high price with OR=4.37 (95%CI: 1.42-13.38). Risk factors associated with condom use was also the specific group of FSW, high price reported higher condom use with OR=4.04 (95%CI:2.03-8.04) and greater role of sex work site ‘pimps’ in encouraging their FSW to reject clients refusing to wear condoms with OR=2.06 (95%CI: 1.29-3.30). HIV prevalence among indirect and high-price direct FSW was much lower compared to prevalence in low/mid-price direct FSW. HIV prevalence and condom use among direct FSW population are significantly associated with group price range and the role of ‘pimps’.
Home Sanitation and Nutritional Status as Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) at Karang Taliwang Health Centre, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Sutiasih Lisa , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is a continuing health problem in Mataram, particularly at the Karang Taliwang Health Centre (KTHC), which has the highest prevalence of TB - 294/100,000 in 2010; 173/100,000 in 2011. This study investigates the risk factors of pulmonary TB in KTHC.

Methods: Study design used was a case control, 46 respondents with pulmonary TB and 92 persons without either TB/acute respiratory infection were controls. Variables examined were: house sanitation, socio-economic, nutrition, cigarette smoke exposure, other infections and immunisation status. Data was obtained by direct survey on site, measurement using role meter, hygrometer, lux-meter, mistar and HIV test. Data were analysed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis.

Results: Bivariate analysis shows that risk factors were house sanitation (ventilation, humidity, light and population density), socio-economic factors, nutritional status and other disease.  Multivariate analysis indicated risk factors were: ventilation with OR=2.87 (95%CI: 1.01-8.20), humidity with OR=3.91 (95%CI: 1.28-11.89), sunlight access with OR=4.46 (95%CI: 1.34-14.85), temperature with OR=5.41 (95%CI: 1.90-15.39), nutrition with OR=6.74 (95%CI: 2.52-18.02). These factors contributed to 48.9% TB occurences.

Conclusion: This study found that house sanitation and nutritional status are risk factors of of TB transmission at KTHC, Mataram.
Factors related to Acceptance of HIV Testing by Pregnant Mothers in Health Centres in Denpasar City
Authors: Arniti Ni Ketut , Wulandari Luh Putu , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman
Published: April 2024

Purpose: To determine reasons of pregnant mothers to undergo HIV testing and factors influencing this decision.

Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional survey with a sample of 120 pregnant mothers seeking antenatal care in two sites: Puskesmas I Denpasar Utara and Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan, during the period of 26 March to 22 April 2014. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using univariate to determine the frequency distribution of each variable, bivariate to determine the relationship between the dependent variable with each independent variable by the chi-squared test and multivariate analysis performed by logistic regression to determine the dominant factors to improve the acceptance of pregnant mothers to HIV testing.

Results: Reasons to undergo HIV testing were on recommendation from health providers (65.8%), concern for personal status (61.7%) and concerns about possibility of vertical transmission (19.2%). Bivariate analysis showed that the acceptance by pregnant mothers was higher in mothers unemployed (75.8%; p=0.033), good knowledge about HIV and its transmission (78.4%; p=0.001), was susceptible to HIV/AIDS (72.0%; p=0.019), the perception that HIV/AIDS is a severe disease (77.0%; p≤0.001), perceptions of the benefits of HIV testing (70.8%; p=0.002), absence perceived barriers (100%; p≤0.001) as well as good support from husband/family (87.7%; p≤0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that factors influencing were support from husband/family with OR=8.71 (95%CI: 2.89-26.28), perception of severity of HIV with OR=3.39 (95%CI: 1.08-10.69) and employment status with OR=2.82 (95%CI: 1.07-7.42).

Conclusion: The majority of women to undergo HIV testing because of recommendations by staff and a desire to know HIV status. Acceptance of HIV testing among pregnant mothers was influenced by the support of the husband/family, the perception of the severity of HIV / AIDS, and employment status.
Association of Physical Fitness Participation with Cognitive Function and Balance among the Elderly in Denpasar
Authors: Lanawati  , Listyowati Rina , Kuswardhani Raden Ayu Tuty
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: Aging is known to cause cognitive impairment and body imbalance. Studies have found that physical exercise helps to delay such depreciation. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between participation in physical fitness and cognitive function and body balance among the elderly in Denpasar.
Methods: Study was cross sectional, involving 60 elderly who were categorised into those who participated in physical exercise and those who did not, using proportional stratified random sampling. MoCa-Ina was used to determine the level of cognitive function and Romberg Test was applied to determine body balance. Data were analysed using chi-square and logistic regression tests.
Results: The proportion of normal cognitive function among elderly who did and did not participate in physical fitness were 80% and 20%, respectively. Similarly, proportions of normal body balance among the elderly who did and did not participate in physical fitness were 86.7% and 20.0% respectively. These differences were statistically significant. In logistic regression analysis, it was shown that the variables affecting cognitive function were participation in physical fitness and in a hobby, and variables that affected body balance were participation in physical fitness and disease history.
Conclusion: Participation in physical fitness was associated with cognitive function and body balance among elderly.
The Association between Social Functions and Quality of Life among Elderly in Denpasar
Authors: Supraba Nandini Parahita , Widarini Ni Putu , Ani Luh Seri
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: Good quality of life among elderly will reduce social and economic burden among the productive age people. This study aims to determine association between social function and quality of life among elderly in Denpasar.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 144 elderly in Denpasar who were selected by cluster sampling and data were collected by a structured interview. Data were analyzed using logistic regression to determine the relationship between quality of life of the elderly with social activities, social interactions and family functions.
Results: The study showed that the proportion of lower quality of life of the elderly in Denpasar was 64.58%. Proportion of elderly with lower quality of life was found among elderly of older age, female, low education, not working, low-income and widow/widower. Multivariate analysed showed that there was an association between quality of life of elderly with gender (AOR=6.42; 95%CI: 1.79-23.0), employment (AOR=9.81; 95%CI: 2.45-39.1), health status (AOR=8.65; 95%CI: 2.57-29.02), social activities (AOR=3.85; 95%CI: 1.22-12.1), social interactions (AOR=5.59; 95%CI: 2.01-15.5) and family functions (AOR=21.7; 95%CI: 6.09-77.7)
Conclusion: Good quality of life of elderly was found associated with gender, employment, health status, social activities, social interactions and family functions.
Barriers and opportunities for implementing prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) in Bangli District
Authors: Giri Ketut Espana , Nopiyani Ni Made Sri , Merati Ketut Tuti Parwati
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: HIV testing among pregnant women can reduce the risk of mother to child HIV transmission. The implementation of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) program in Bangli District is suboptimal. This study aims to explore challenges and opportunities for implementing PMTCT program from both user and provider perspectives.
Methods: A qualitative approach was conducted in Bangli District between April and May 2016. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with 18 informants. All informants were purposively selected and covered of 10 pregnant women, two counsellors, two laboratory analysts, two head of public health centres, one disease control officer from Bangli District Health Office and one officer from Bangli District AIDS Commission. Data were analysed using thematic method.
Results: Pregnant women chose to have ANC service at private midwife and obstetrician instead of public health centre. From health providers’ perspectives barrier of PMTCT implementation included lack of health human resources and a high level of stigma and discrimination related to HIV/AIDS in the community. This study revealed that there was an opportunity for PMTCT implementation in Bangli District due to positive attitudes and supports from husband and health provider toward HIV testing. Another opportunity is toinvolve village health cadres and community leaders in promoting HIV testing among pregnant women.
Conclusions: Implementation of PMTCT program in health centre should include network of private practitioner and enhance village health cadres’ and community leaders’ participation.
Perceptions of patients and providers on the use of acupressure services at Public Health Centres, Tabanan District, Bali
Authors: Sukawinaca I Made , Sari Komang Ayu Kartika , Wirawan I Made Ady
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: Acupressure services are available at some public health centres (PHCs) in Bali, but the service utilisation remains low. The purpose of this study is to explore the perception of patients and service providers on the use of acupressure services at PHC in Tabanan.

Methods: This study used a qualitative design based on observation and in-depth interviews with 13 informants consisting of patients, health service practitioners, head of PHC and program manager at Tabanan Health Office. The informants were chosen purposively and the data were analysed thematically.

Results: There were different perceptions regarding the benefits of acupressure services between patients utilising the services and those who had not. Patients who had undergone acupressure demonstrated positive perception of the service. Acupressure services are considered to be effective in dealing with patient complaints, have no side effects, and patients reported being satisfied with the services provided by the PHC. Patients who did not utilise acupressure services, view acupressure as an ineffective therapy with potential side effects that may endanger their health. These patients experienced trauma from similar massage techniques. Service providers lamented the absence of government support in the form of local regulations that would enable them to access funding, increase human resources and facilitate promotion of the services.

Conclusions: Patient perceptions of acupressure services still vary, with some contraints in the implementation that consist of local regulation, operational fund and human resources. Acupressure services still require synergy between central and local government policies to support its implementation.
Differences in post-placental intra uterine device acceptance with and without couples counseling in private practice midwifery clinics, West Denpasar
Authors: Darmayanti Putu Ayu Ratna , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman , Sari Komang Ayu Kartika , Karmaya Mangku , Suariyani Ni Luh Putu
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: The post-placental intra uterine device (IUD) program is one intervention to increase IUD uptake however the acceptance remains low. Contraceptive counseling during pregnancy is expected to increase IUD uptake. The primary objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of counseling by involving the husband in order to improve post-placental IUD uptake. The secondary objective is to compare knowledge and perceptions of IUD before and after intervention.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 58 pregnant women at 37-40 weeks’ gestation in three private midwifery clinics in Denpasar, Bali. Subjects were divided into two groups: 29 intervention groups that were given couples counseling and 29 control groups that were given counseling without involving husbands. Base line interview was conducted during enrollment and follow up interview was carried out immediately after delivery.
Results: Acceptance of post-placental IUD was found in 21 women (72.41%) in the intervention group and 10 women (34.48%) in the control group (RR=2.2; 95%CI: 1.23-3.84). The mean difference in pretest and post-test scores of knowledge, perceptions of susceptibility and benefits were found to be higher in the intervention group but not statistically significant. The result of multivariate analysis indicated that the variables influencing post-placental IUD acceptance were the child’s gender (AOR=45.9, 95%CI: 4.53-465.25), couples counseling with husband (AOR=17.4, 95%CI: 2.55-119.56) and maternal education (AOR=7.1; 95%CI: 1.17-43.40).
Conclusions: Couples counseling was found to increase postplacental IUD uptake. In addition, post-placental IUD acceptance is also influenced by the child’s gender and maternal education levels. To increase uptake of post-placental IUDs there is a need for upscalling of couples counseling at the time of antenatal care.
Determinants of long-acting contraceptives use among reproductive-age couples in Tanjung Karang Public Health Centre Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Aryati Widya , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman , Sari Komang Ayu Kartika , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: The national family planning program prioritises the use of long-acting contraceptives which include intrauterine devices (IUD), tubectomy, vasectomy, and implant. However, the coverage of long-acting contraceptives in Indonesia remains low. This study aims to identify the determinants of longacting contraceptives uptake among reproductive-age couples in Tanjung Karang Public Health Centre (PHC) Mataram City.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 169 reproductive age couples in Tanjung Karang PHC in 2016. Samples were selected from six sub-villages (dusun) in two villages using systematic random sampling. We selected 85 samples from coastal and 84 samples from non-coastal areas. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, perception, husband support, access to service, and information regarding long-acting contraceptives were collected through home interview. Analysis with logistic regression was applied to determine the factors influencing long-acting contraceptives uptake.
Results: The majority of respondents aged 20–35 years-old, and most of them have a lower level of education and knowledge regarding longacting contraceptives. Among all current users, as many as 37.0% use long-acting contraceptive methods. The respondents refused to use long-acting contraceptives due to prohibited by the husband (92.8%) and desire to have more children (38.7%). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed that the uptake of long-acting contraceptives was significantly associated with area of residence (noncoastal) with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.89 (95%CI; 1.39-6.01), employment status with AOR=0.40 (95%CI; 0.18-0.90), income at minimum wages and above with AOR=2.47 (95%CI; 1.16-5.26), and husband support with AOR=2.19 (95%CI; 1.18-3.41).
Conclusions: The use of long-acting contraceptives are associated with husband support, living in non-coastal areas, and having a higherincome. Ongoing support from the husband, especially among those who live in coastal areas and from the lower socioeconomic background, is required to improve the coverage of long-acting contraceptives.