bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’ars dictaminis et la poésie: questions théoriques et pratiques (XIe-XIVe s.)
Authors: Grevin Benoît
Published: May 2021

La discipline rhétorique médiévale de l’ars dictaminis est justement fameuse pour avoir été un quelque chose de différent de la rhétorique classique. Elle fut conçue et employée principalement pour l’écriture, non pas de discours, mais de lettres dont l’échange formait une part importante de la communication politique et personnelle aux XIe-XVe siècles. Dans la quasi-totalité des cas, les traités théoriques présentent les recettes pour écrire ces lettres en prose, et la grande masse des dictamina  (textes obéissant aux lois de l’ars dictaminis) qui appliquèrent ces recettes conservées sont écrits en prose. Le Moyen Âge a bien sûr connu l’écriture des lettres en vers, selon le modèle des Héroïdes d’Ovide, mais la théorisation de l’écriture en vers aurait plutôt relevé de la discipline voisine de l’ars poetriae. Le présent article tente de faire le point sur la question des rapports entre l’ars dictaminis et la poésie, en montrant que les choses sont en fait beaucoup plus complexes. D’une part, les traités insistent très souvent sur le fait que le dictamen prosaïque n’est qu’un des trois rameaux des « genres rédactionnels » (genera dictandi), dont les deux autres sont la poésie métrique et la poésie rythmique. Or le rapport entre ces trois genres n’est pas seulement classificatoire : la prose de l’ars dictaminis était une prose rythmée, et son enseignement comme sa pratique dépendait de la connaissance de la poésie métrique et rythmique. D’autre part, de très nombreuses interconnections existent entre la pratique de la poésie et celle de l’ars dictaminis, tant d’un point de vue théorique que pratique.  Il existe une large intersection entre les artes poetriae et les artes dictandi (traités théoriques), et de nombreux traités hybrides. La prose rythmée est parfois conceptualisée comme une sorte de poésie. Au niveau de la pratique, les rédacteurs créent souvent des lettres prosaïques qui entretiennent un rapport complexe avec la poésie, soit par l’insertion de citations de classiques poétiques, soit par des procédés (prose cadencée et assonancée, par exemple) qui rapprochent leurs textes de la poésie. En définitive, l’étude conjointe de la théorie et de la pratique de l’ars dictaminis suggère que pour ses inventeurs et ses praticiens, la prose rythmée de l’ars était plus proche de la poésie que de la « prose simple ».
Le orazioni nel Liber Maiorichinus
Authors: Cotza Alberto
Published: May 2021

Il Liber Maiorichinus, un poema epico redatto a Pisa probabilmente negli anni ’20 del XII secolo per raccontare la guerra dei Pisani e dei loro alleati contro i Musulmani delle Baleari (1113-1115), è una delle prime opere della storiografia italiana cittadina del periodo a riportare, nella forma del discorso diretto, le orazioni pubbliche tenute sul campo di battaglia. A questo ricco corpus di discorsi non è stata prestata la dovuta attenzione. I discorsi pubblici nel Liber sono, invece, una fonte fondamentale per indagare il rapporto tra oratoria e società cittadina nella prima metà del XII secolo, quando scarse, rispetto alla fase comunale matura, sono le testimonianze che consentano di approfondire questo tema. Chi parla e come nel Liber Maiorichinus? Per quale scopo si tiene un’orazione? A quali modelli aderisce? Il contributo cercherà di offrire una prima risposta a queste domande.
Reflexões acerca da história e do ofício do historiador
Authors: Bitencourt João Batista
Published: May 2021

Partindo do fragmento de um diálogo do filme Seven: os sete crimes capitais e da referência a duas imagens bem conhecidas dos historiadores, o presente artigo busca refletir sobre as maneiras de fazer próprias do historiador e a constituição da história como disciplina, sua institucionalização, por uma observação sobre a Escola Metódica francesa. Aborda alguns elementos de composição do saber histórico - acontecimento, tempo e narrativa -, compreendendo como tais elementos se apresentam no mito de criação, na imagem de Clio, e na sociedade moderna, através da interpretação de Walter Benjamin do Angelus Novus. Busca ainda pensar como implicações do presente, do momento em que o passado é evocado, refletem na prática do historiador, no seu entendimento da história e, por conseguinte, na representação que constrói sobre determinada realidade pretérita.
CONSOLIDAÇÃO E EFETIVAÇÃO DO APARATO LEGISLATIVO EM PORTUGAL E AS AÇÕES JURÍDICO-ADMINISTRATIVAS DE D. AFONSO IV PARA MINIMIZAR OS EFEITOS DA PESTE EM SEU GOVERNO
Authors: Teixeira de Sousa Cleusa
Published: May 2021

O objetivo principal deste artigo, versa sobre a representatividade de D. Afonso IV na sistematização do aparato burocrático-administrativo do reino português, bem como em sua atuação efetiva quanto a promulgação de leis que visaram minimizar os efeitos devastadores da peste e, por conseguinte, da fome em Portugal a seu tempo. Visto que a administração levada a cabo por este monarca, conduziu-se em garantir a ordenação do reino. Lembrando que, a efetividade dos estudos jurídicos e dos aparatos legislativos foram propiciados pela implantação dos cursos de Direito na Universidade portuguesa desde sua fundação em 1290. Fatores, que contribuíram de modo sistemático para o desenvolvimento dos objetivos pautados na dinamização jurídica e na consolidação do corpus legislativo do governo afonsino.
A BÍLIS NEGRA CAUSA CÂNCER: NOTAS SOBRE O CÂNCER NO SABER MÉDICO ANTIGO E MEDIEVAL
Authors: Costa Aciole da Silva André
Published: May 2021

O câncer é uma doença nomeada e conhecida pelos físicos e cirurgiões desde o mundo antigo. Para compreender a forma como se descreveu a origem e as formas de tratamento da enfermidade requer que tenhamos em mente como se estruturava o saber médico desde o mundo antigo até a Idade Média. Nesse artigo pretendemos tratar os fundamentos do saber médico medieval e, dentro dessas bases, como o câncer era descrito e identificar quais as terapias recomendadas por alguns físicos das escolas médicas mais importantes da Europa Medieval.
PESTE E OS PRECEITOS DIETÉTICOS NO REGIMENTO DE PRESERVAÇÃO DA PESTILÊNCIA (LÉRIDA, 1348)
Authors: Da Conceição Fagundes Maria Dailza
Published: May 2021

No século XIV, no contexto da peste, físicos que exerciam o ofício de mestres nas universidades criaram um novo gênero da literatura médica medieval: os Regimentos de Epidemia. Nesses escritos, predominam preceitos com o desígnio de informar a população de determinada localidade sobre como proteger-se dessa enfermidade. O Regimento de preservação da pestilência, um dos primeiros tratados pertencentes a esse gênero, foi composto em 1348, por Jacme d'Agramont, físico e mestre na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Lérida. Nessa obra, embasando-se nas teorias médicas de auctoritates antigas e árabes, o autor explica o surgimento de epidemias a partir da mudança ou alteração na qualidade e substância do ar que se tornava corrompido. O propósito da obra, escrita em catalão e tendo como destinatários a elite urbana de Lérida, era fornecer aos moradores da cidade, orientações práticas e de cunho dietético acerca da pestilência. Nesta perspectiva, a proposta deste trabalho é compreender, na fonte em análise, a concepção de peste, a relação entre o ar e o surgimento de doenças pestilentas e as principais medidas preventivas prescritas por Jacme d'Agramont.
A PESTE NA GÁLIA DO SÉCULO VI
Authors: Checon de Freitas Edmar
Published: May 2021

O artigo discute a pandemia de peste bubônica ocorrida no século VI, conhecida como Peste Justiniana. De modo especial são analisadas as referências à peste e a outras epidemias nos escritos de Gregório de Tours (538-594), buscando-se apreender de que forma por ele foram percebidas e como influenciaram suas representações do seu tempo e do seu mundo.
SMALLPOX PLAGUE IN COLONIAL BRAZIL Historical tragedy or genocide?
Authors: Vainfas Ronaldo
Published: May 2021

This article studies the impact the16th century smallpox pandemic had on the indigenous population of the Brazilian coast. It offers a comparison between the spread of smallpox in colonial America and the European Black Plague in the Late Middle Ages. It discusses the smallpox pandemic in the context of Iberian colonization, especially the Portuguese one. It analyzes the hypothesis of the African origin of the strain of smallpox spread in Brazil. It also examines quantitative evidence on native mortality, relating it to the procedures adopted in the Jesuit villages. Finally, it evaluates the relevance of concepts such as Genocide or Necropolitics for the studies on the smallpox pandemic in the 16th century.
A LEGISLAÇÃO AFONSINA E A PRÁTICA DA MEDICINA NA CASTELA DO SÉCULO XIII
Authors: Silveira Marta
Published: May 2021

Para pôr fim à pluralidade jurídica que caracterizava o reino castelhano no século XIII e levar adiante o seu projeto de centralidade do poder monárquico, Fernando III e Afonso X investiram na elaboração de novas bases legais para regular o convívio social e favorecer o reconhecimento da autoridade real. Tais obras jurídicas tiveram fundamentalmente o papel de ordenar a convivência social e de favorecer o reconhecimento da autoridade régia sobre diversos assuntos, inclusive sobre as questões relativas à saúde. Esse trabalho objetiva, através da análise de algumas das fontes legislativas, identificar a política monárquica castelhana prevista para a regulação da prática médica e a garantia da saúde dos habitantes do reino.
O IMAGINÁRIO DA ÁRVORE DO JARDIM E O MITO DA MULHER DE SALOMÃO DE LA QUESTE DEL SAINT GRAAL
Authors: Da Silva Alessandra
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho versa sobre o imaginário da árvore do jardim do Éden presente no mito da mulher de Salomão, como a esposa do rei hebreu é referenciada em La Queste del Saint Graal. Utilizaremos para este fim alguns textos apócrifos que fazem parte da tradição judaico-cristã. Os apontamentos de Urbano Zilles (2004), Hans-Josef Klauck (2007), Luigi Moraldi (1999), Hilário Franco Jr. (1996; 2010) e outros estudiosos nos servirão como material de estudo.
A “CRÔNICA DE NEUBERG” (CONTINUATIO NOUIMONTENSIS): AD 1348-1350. EDIÇÃO BILÍNGUE
Authors: Nápoli Tiago , Scatolin Adriano
Published: May 2021

apresenta-se a tradução anotada das entradas relativas aos anos de 1348 a 1350 da anônima “Crônica de Neuberg” (Continuatio Nouimontensis), que relatam a chegada da Peste Negra ao território da atual Áustria. Utilizou-se a edição latina preparada por Pertz (1851) para os Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH).
Context-driven Bengali Text Generation using Conditional Language Model
Authors: Kibria Md. Raisul , Yousuf Mohammad Abu
Published: May 2021

Text generation is a rapidly evolving field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) with larger Language models proposed very often setting new state-of-the-art. These models are exorbitantly effective in learning the representation of words and their internal coherence in a particular language. However, an established context-driven, end to end text generation model is very rare, even more so for the Bengali language. In this paper, we have proposed a Bidirectional gated recurrent unit (GRU) based architecture that simulates the conditional language model or the decoder portion of the sequence to sequence (seq2seq) model and is further conditioned upon the target context vectors. We have explored several ways of combining multiple context words into a fixed dimensional vector representation that is extracted from the same GloVe language model which is used to generate the embedding matrix. We have used beam search optimization to generate the sentence with the maximum cumulative log probability score. In addition, we have proposed a human scoring based evaluation metric and used it to compare the performance of the model with unidirectional LSTM and GRU networks. Empirical results prove that the proposed model performs exceedingly well in producing meaningful outcomes depicting the target context. The experiment leads to an architecture that can be applied to an extensive domain of context-driven text generation based applications and which is also a key contribution to the NLP based literature of the Bengali language.
A New Version of the Exponentiated Exponential Distribution: Copula, Properties and Application to Relief and Survival Times
Authors: Elgohari Hanaa
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we introduce a new generalization of the Exponentiated Exponential distribution. Various structural mathematical properties are derived. Numerical analysis for mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis and the dispersion index is performed. The new density can be right skewed and symmetric with "unimodal" and "bimodal" shapes. The new hazard function can be "constant", "decreasing", "increasing", "increasing-constant", "upside down-constant", "decreasing nstant". Many bivariate and multivariate type model have been also derived. We assess the performance of the maximum likelihood method graphically via the biases and mean squared errors. The usefulness and flexibility of the new distribution is illustrated by means of two real data sets.
Semiparametric Smoothing Spline in Joint Mean and Dispersion Models with Responses from the Biparametric Exponential Family: A Bayesian Perspective
Authors: Zárate Héctor , Cepeda Edilberto
Published: May 2021

This article extends the fusion among various statistical methods to estimate the mean and variance functions in heteroscedastic semiparametric models when the response variable comes from a two-parameter exponential family distribution. We rely on the natural connection among smoothing methods that use basis functions with penalization, mixed models and a Bayesian Markov Chain sampling simulation methodology. The significance and implications of our strategy lies in its potential to contribute to a simple and unified computational methodology that takes into account the factors that affect the variability in the responses, which in turn is important for an efficient estimation and correct inference of mean parameters without the requirement of fully parametric models. An extensive simulation study investigates the performance of the estimates. Finally, an application using the Light Detection and Ranging technique, LIDAR, data highlights the merits of our approach.
A Geometrical Approach for the Optimal Control of Sequencing Batch Bio-Reactors
Authors: Abdellatif Nahla , Bouhafs Walid , Harmand Jérôme , Jean Frédéric
Published: May 2021

In this work, we consider an optimal control problem of a biological sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for thetreatment of pollutants in wastewater. This model includes two biological reactions, one being aerobic while the other is anoxic. The objective is to find an optimal oxygen-injecting strategy to reach, in minimal time and in a minimal time/energy compromise, a target where the pollutants concentrations must fulfill normative constraints. Using a geometrical approach, we solve a more general optimal control problem and thanks to Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle, we explicitly give the complete optimal strategy.
Assessment of cognitive functions on the MoCA scale in patients with endocrinological and cardiological profiles
Authors: Komissarov N. V. , Byvaltseva V. Р. , Michurin М. A. , Gazizova G. I. , Kashapova A. R.
Published: May 2021

The results of the diagnosis of cognitive impairments in patients with endocrinological and cardiological profiles are presented. The Montreal MoCA test was used to assess cognitive functions.
Influence of pH on the dynamics of the wound process in the postoperative period
Authors: Morozov А. М. , Armasov А. R. , Sergeev А. N. , Zhukov S. V. , Sobol Е. А. , Muravlyantseva М. М. , Belyak М. А.
Published: May 2021

The wound process is a set of stages that successively replace each other and as a result lead to epithelization of the skin and closure of the wound defect. The development of the wound process is influenced by the pH value of the wound contents, which determines the rate of all biochemical reactions occurring in the wound. In the course of the study, patients were measured for wound exudate in the postoperative period. It was noted that in patients with the initial values of the hydrogen index, which was 7, a more effective healing process of the postoperative wound was observed, while in patients with the initial pH value of 8, the wound process took a protracted character.
Results of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Strelnikova A. Р. , Sarksyan E. V. , Bogova V. S. , Levanov A. N. , Shelekhova Т. V. , Lviv N. I.
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study was to study the role of allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells in a patient with the classic course of Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Materials and methods. The work was carried out on the basis of the analysis of a clinical case of the clinic of occupational pathology and hematology of the University Clinical Hospital No. Professor V.Ya. Shustov. Examinations, a course of chemotherapy in conjunction with surgery and analysis of the results of a patient with a diagnosis of classic Hodgkin's lymphoma were carried out. 

Results. An unfavorable prognostic effect of a large amount of previous chemotherapy on overall survival after allogeneic HSC transplantation was revealed. According to the results of PET-CT, the patient achieved PETnegative remission of the disease after all the stages of treatment. Compared to the presented PET / CT scan of 02/07/2020, there is a positive trend in the form of the disappearance of metabolic activity in the 3rd rib on the right, the body of Th 11 and the body of the left ilium.

Conclusion. The use of high-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation makes it possible to achieve success in the treatment of patients in cases where the results of chemotherapy are unsatisfactory.
p53 & Cyclin D1 expression in surgically resected clear margins of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Thamilselvan Snega , Santhanam Archana , Sherlin Herald J. , Jayaraj Gifrina , Don K. R.
Published: May 2021

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most well-known malignancies that affect the human population worldwide. The early diagnosis and early intervention of OSCC help improve the survival rate of the patients. The tumour free surgical margins are a positive prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival. The molecular markers can be used to detect the tumour free surgical margins. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the expression of p53 & Cyclin D1 marker in resected surgical apparently clear margins and to correlate the p53 & Cyclin D1 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and patient outcome. Methods: The study population included retrospective cases of OSCC with apparently clear margins (2017-18) n=10 and Clinicopathological variables relevant to survival analysis were recorded. Finally, two margins were selected from each case, a total of 20 margins were included in this study. Paraffin-embedded wax blocks retrieved and tissue sections were made. Expression of cyclin D1 and p 53 was assessed by the immunohistochemical staining procedure Results: Positive expressions Cyclin D1 in 40% of mild dysplasia margins and 60% in clearance adequate margins were present. p53 expression was seen in 16% of mild dysplasia margins and 84% in clearance adequate margins. The expression of p53 and Cyclin D1 molecular markers are noted in the basal & parabasal layer of epithelium. Conclusion: Molecular markers could play a more reliable method for the assessment of dysplasia at the margins.
Aplicativo android como facilitador do ensino de ciências biológicas
Authors: Carmelo Fernando Biasi do Monte , Gomes Paulo César
Published: May 2021

O uso adequado e inserção das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação Móveis e Sem Fio (TIMS) pode favorecer de modo significativo diferentes possibilidades no processo de ensino-aprendizagem-avaliação no ensino de Biologia. Nosso objetivo central neste texto foi compreender como estudantes de uma escola de ensino médio público relacionam-se com as TIMS e, além disso, como percebem suas aprendizagens no componente curricular Biologia. Utilizamos um questionário auto administrado, o qual foi aplicado na presença do pesquisador, respondido por 220 participantes. Os resultados demonstraram que mais de 97% dos estudantes tem possuem acesso as TIMS, mais de 60% usam os smartphones por mais de seis horas/dia e 75% deles declararam gostar dos conteúdos biológicos. Contudo, o uso das TIMS, com finalidade pedagógica na sala de aula, é negado ou negligenciado por professores de Biologia.
O dia que o audiovisual invadiu a aula de geografia e (des)norteou o cinema
Authors: Cazetta Valéria , Gonçalves Ingrid Rodrigues
Published: May 2021

Nosso intuito, neste texto, é apresentar os resultados de um estudo realizado pela Rede internacional de pesquisas “Imagens, geografias e educação” acerca de como professoras/es de geografia relacionam cinema e práticas docentes. Valemo-nos de parte das respostas desse estudo para ponderar como materiais cinematográficos e audiovisuais são empregados nas ambiências escolares. Relacionamos tais ponderações com macrodiretrizes do setor audiovisual brasileiro e observações acerca do uso corriqueiro do audiovisual em nossas vidas na contemporaneidade. Nossa hipótese de trabalho é que o encontro entre geografia, cinema, audiovisual e educação acontece numa fronteira tênue, especialmente no contexto da sociedade educativa – epicentro de um modo de vida alicerçado no aprendizado vitalício, que tem nos materiais audiovisuais uma de suas grafias fulcrais. Para esquadrinhar essa hipótese, articulamos quatro peças discursivas por meio de uma análise micropolítica, e, concluímos que, a partir do referido encontro, haveria algo de paradoxal em torno do que viria a ser o sentido e o não-sentido na educação geográfica. O sentido costuma ser entabulado, na esteira das pedagogias construtivistas, à axiomática de que, para aprender, é condição sine qua non, despertar o interesse dos estudantes para algo ou alguma coisa. O não-sentido seria o oposto disso, ou seja, acontecimentos rotineiros que, ao atravessarem e modificarem as dinâmicas do tecido social, adentrariam as aulas de geografia, embaralhando as fronteiras entre o cinema e o audiovisual.
Geografias em tela, perspectivas em rede
Authors: Rigotti Gabriela Fiorin , Tebet Gabriela Guarnieri de Campos
Published: May 2021

Este número da Revista ETD é lançado em meio ao segundo ano de contingenciamento social devido à pandemia de COVID-19. Cerca de dezoito meses depois da detecção do primeiro acometimento pela infecção, ainda nos encontramos isolados, exilados dos afetos, retirados da vida em comum. Insulados por trás das telas, ramificamos rizomas3 por entre o que é caseiro e ordinário, tentando nos manter emersos da aguaça de dores e inseguranças que ultrapassam – e muito, sobretudo no Brasil – as manifestações sintomáticas advindas de um vírus.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Kanker Payudara dan Ketrampilan Periksa Payudara Sendiri (SADARI) untuk Deteksi Dini Kanker Payudara di Semutan Jatimulyo Dlingo
Authors: Marfianti Erlina
Published: May 2021

Kanker payudara merupakan penyebab kematian tertinggi kanker pada perempuan di Indonesia. Hal ini disebabkan penderita kanker payudara pergi ke pelayanan kesehatan saat kanker payudara sudah stadium lanjut. Keterlambatan penanganan ini disebabkan kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang kanker payudara dan belum tahunya cara periksa payudara sendiri (SADARI) untuk deteksi dini kanker payudara. Penanganan kanker payudara sejak stadium dini diharapkan dapat mengurangi angka kematian dan meningkatkan angka harapan hidup. Pengetahuan kanker payudara dan SADARI di mayoritas masyarakat terutama ibu ibu Semutan Jatimulyo Dlingo masih rendah dan banyak yang belum tahu cara deteksi dini dengan SADARI. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan kanker payudara dan meningkatkan ketrampilan SADARI pada masyarakat Semutan Jatimulyo Dlingo. Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah pemberian edukasi dengan pemaparan materi dan diskusi, pelatihan ketrampilan SADARI dengan manekin, pelatihan praktek mandiri terbimbing dengan manekin. Tingkat pengetahuan diukur dengan tes sebelum dan sesudah rangkaian seluruh kegiatan. Analisis hasil tes didapatkan hasil terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan setelah edukasi dan pelatihan SADARI dibanding sebelumnya. Kesimpulannya terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan tentang kanker payudara dan ketrampilan SADARI pada masyarakat di Semutan Jatimulyo Dlingo setelah pemberian edukasi dan pelatihan.
Fogo Volcano (Cape Verde) 2014-2015 Eruption: Dust Characterization and Impacts on Environment and Human Health
Authors: Candeias Carla , Ávila Paula F. , Alves Célia , Gama Carla , Sequeira Cristina , Silva Eduardo Ferreira da , Rocha Fernando
Published: May 2021

Fogo (Fogo island, Cape Verde Republic) is the youngest and most active volcano of the archipelago. The last eruption occurred in 2014–2015. Aiming at studying dust emissions and transport during the eruption period and assessing their impact on air quality and human health, a mineralogical and chemical characterization was undertaken in outdoor dust from all over the island, as well as in the lava resulting from this event. Air quality monitors were used to obtain concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants. The mineralogical constitution of the samples was analysed by X-ray diffraction and Electron Microprobe, while the chemical characterization was performed through X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and ICP-MS. The volcanic rock was found to be tephritic to basanitic, with high potassium content. Several minerals were identified, such as titanian augite with ilmenite, basaltic hornblendes, pyrrhotites, apatites, pyroxenes, basaltic hornblendes and hematites. Concentrations of the particulate matter inhalable fraction (PM10) exceeded the 24-hour mean of 50 µg/m3 recommended by the World Health Organization. Nevertheless, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) showed levels lower than the worrying range. The highest levels of CO2 were recorded in more populated villages and farthest from the volcano. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) for outdoor dust collected on rooftops was always above 1, suggesting enrichment, with higher values in the dust size fraction < 63 µm. In the same way, the Contamination Factor pointed to high enrichment of As, Ni and Pb, and very high enrichment of Cd in the same size fraction. The Non-carcinogenic Hazard Quotient and Hazard Index estimated for Children suggest that health problems may arise. The Carcinogenic Risk, for all size fractions, was above the target risk. The element that most contributed to the global risk was As, followed by Pb and Co. Ingestion was the main exposure route for all size fractions. The dust size fraction that represented the highest risk was < 63 µm, mostly due to the As concentration.
Construction of Household Welfare Index and Welfare Impact of International Remittances in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Kumar Bezon
Published: May 2021

This paper mainly focuses on the construction of a household welfare index to examine the welfare impact of international remittances in rural Bangladesh. This paper, in achieving this objective, uses primary data and several methods. This paper constructs a household welfare index newly to measure the level of household welfare. Besides, a linear regression and Chi-square test is used to examine the welfare and poverty impact of international remittances, respectively. Remittance receiving households enjoy the higher level of welfare more than non-recipient households in the study area. Household welfare is augmented by 0.116 if the household is under the shade of international remittances. A significant impact of international remittances on the reduction of household poverty is also found in this study. Therefore, this paper suggests policymakers for utilizing international remittances as a significant tool to enhance household welfare and to reduce household poverty.
Abnormal Liver Biochemistry Tests and Acute Liver Injury in COVID-19 Patients: Current Evidence and Potential Pathogenesis
Authors: McGrowder Donovan A. , Miller Fabian , Anderson Cross Melisa , Anderson-Jackson Lennox , Bryan Sophia , Dilworth Lowell
Published: May 2021

Globally, over the past several months millions of persons contracted the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulting in significant mortality. Health care systems are negatively impacted including the care of individuals with cancers and other chronic diseases such as chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There are various probable pathogenic mechanisms that have been presented to account for liver injury in COVID-19 patients such as hepatotoxicity cause by therapeutic drugs, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of the bile duct cells and hepatocytes, hypoxia and systemic inflammatory response. Liver biochemistry tests such as AST, ALT, GGT and ALP are deranged in COVID-19 patients with liver injury. Hepatocellular damage results in the elevation of serum AST and ALT levels in early onset disease while a cholestatic pattern that develops as the disease progress causes higher levels of ALP, GGT, direct and total bilirubin. These liver biochemistry tests are prognostic markers of disease severity and should be carefully monitored in COVID-19 patients. We conducted a systematic review of abnormal liver biochemistry tests in COVID-19 and the possible pathogenesis involved. Significant findings regarding the severity, hepatocellular pattern, incidence and related clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients are highlighted.
Bacterial Extracellular DNA Promotes β-amyloid Aggregation
Authors: Tetz George , Tetz Victor
Published: May 2021

Alzheimer’s disease is associated with prion-like aggregation of the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide and the subsequent accumulation of misfolded neurotoxic aggregates in the brain. Therefore, it is critical to clearly identify the factors that trigger the cascade of Aβ misfolding and aggregation. Numerous studies have pointed out the association between microorganisms and their virulence factors and Alzheimer’s disease; however, their exact mechanisms of action remain unclear. Recently, we discovered a new pathogenic role of bacterial extracellular DNA, triggering the formation of misfolded Tau aggregates. In this study, we investigated the possible role of DNA extracted from different bacterial and eukaryotic cells in triggering Aβ aggregation in vitro. Interestingly, we found that the extracellular DNA of some, but not all, bacteria is an effective trigger of Aβ aggregation. Furthermore, the acceleration of Aβ nucleation and elongation can vary based on the concentration of the bacterial DNA and the bacterial strain from which this DNA had originated. Our findings suggest that bacterial extracellular DNA might play a previously overlooked role in the Aβ protein misfolding associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. Moreover, it highlights a new mechanism of how distantly localized bacteria can remotely contribute to protein misfolding and diseases associated with this process. These findings might lead to the use of bacterial DNA as a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
An Update for UK Podiatrists Performing Toenail Surgery on Patients Who Are Taking Antithrombotic Medications: It’s About Bleeding Time
Authors: Reilly Ian , Blandford Toby
Published: May 2021

Nail surgery for the permanent removal of all or part of the nail unit can be performed via incisional or physically ablative techniques for conditions such as ingrown, mycotic, or dystrophic toenails. In the United Kingdom podiatric community, where phenol techniques are the standard of care for ablation of the matrix, there remains confusion about the management of patients undergoing nail surgery who are concurrently taking antithrombotic medication(s). The aim of this paper was to review the literature describing treatment strategies for antithrombosed patients undergoing nail surgery. However, having found limited evidence, the authors considered relevant and associated literature in the field of cutaneous/dermatological surgery and extrapolated those findings for patients undergoing nail avulsion surgery. A case-by-case risk assessment is warranted in all patients but as a general rule, the podiatrist can perform nail surgery without the patientceasing their antithrombotic medication.
Volatility Spillover between Developed and Developing Countries: The Global Foreign Exchange Market’s Channel
Authors: Mohammed Walid Abass
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we investigate the “statics and dynamics” return and volatility spillovers transmission across developed and developing countries. Quoted against the U.S. dollar, we study twenty-three global currencies over 2005 – 2016. Focusing on the spillover index methodology, the generalised VAR framework is employed. Our findings indicate no evidence of bi-directional return and volatility spillovers between developed and developing countries. However, a unidirectional volatility spillover from developed to developing countries is highlighted. Furthermore, our findings document significant bi-directional volatility spillovers within the European region (Eurozone and non-Eurozone currencies) with the British Pound (GBP) and the Euro (EUR) as the most significant transmitters of volatility. The findings reiterate the prominence of volatility spillovers to financial regulators.
Effect of the Electron Beam on the Alloy Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate and Cycloolefin Copolymer
Authors: Khosravinezhad Maryam , Kazemi Masoumeh
Published: May 2021

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a transparent thermoplastic with excellent optical properties, transparent surface, low moisture absorption, tensile and electrical resistance. In this study, the alloy was prepared through PMMA and cycloolefin copolymer (COC) due to some similar properties. The mechanical test showed that properties such as impact resistance, elongation, tensile, and flexural strength decreased by adding COC by up to 20% due to less incompatibility and miscibility, but mentioned properties improved by adding COC 40% due to sub-phase generation. The DSC and DMTA tests showed improvement in the thermal properties of alloys by adding 40% COC. SEM micrographs exhibited a softer surface and more phase elongation of the alloy. Finally, the sample was selected as the optimal sample in terms of mechanical properties irradiated by electron beam, and amplification results showed that a dose of 50 KGY increased the mechanical and thermal properties relatively.
Critical Examination using Business Intelligence on the Gender Gap in Information Technology in Brazil
Authors: Gallindo Erica L. , Cruz Hobson A. , Moreira Mário W. L.
Published: May 2021

In the early 1990s, cyberfeminism emerged as an area of knowledge to discuss the connection between gender and technology. According to UNESCO, women are underrepresented in the field of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and less than a third of women worldwide work in scientific research and development. However, this number has grown and this reality is constantly changing. In this context, using business intelligence techniques, this study analyzes data from the computer and information and communication technology market to characterize the impact of the performance of women in these areas. It is expected to show that this performance in the highlighted fields is still a challenge in Brazil.
AC vs DC Distribution Efficiency: Are we on the Right Path?
Authors: GELANI HASAN ERTEZA , DASTGEER FAIZAN , Nasir Mashood , khan sidra , Guerrero Josep M.
Published: May 2021

The concept of DC power distribution has gained interest within the research community in the past years; especially due to rapid prevalence of solar PVs as a tool for distributed generation in DC microgrids. Various efficiency analyses have been presented for the DC distribution paradigm, in comparison to the AC counterpart, considering a variety of scenarios. However, even after a number of such comparative efficiency studies, there seems to be a disparity in the results of research efforts - wherein a definite verdict is still unavailable: 'Is DC distribution a more efficient choice as compared to the conventional AC system?' A final verdict is absent primarily due to conflicting results. In this regard, system modeling and the assumptions made in different studies play a significant role in affecting the results of the study. The current paper is an attempt to critically observe the modeling and assumptions used in the efficiency studies related to the DC distribution system. Several research efforts will be analyzed for their approach towards the system upon which they have performed efficiency studies. Subsequently, the paper aims to propose a model that may alleviate the shortcomings in earlier research efforts and be able to give a definite verdict regarding the comparative efficiency of DC and AC networks for residential power distribution.
Study on Kinetics of Thermal Degradation of Polymethyl Methacrylate/Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Blend
Authors: Khosravinezhad Maryam , Kazemi Masoumeh
Published: May 2021

In this investigation, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was mixed with cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) because of its hardness, strength, and transparency properties. The results of thermal analysis through TGA and DTG showed that the thermal properties of the alloy are improved using 40% cyclic olefin copolymer. Kinetics of thermal degradation (pyrolysis) of polymers have been studied and analyzed and thermal pyrolysis of polymethyl methacrylate and cyclic olefin copolymer thermoplastic polymer was conducted. The computation of kinetic analysis is measured along with the different methods used to study the kinetics. The activation energy (E) of degradation of studied materials was estimated using Ozawa Flynn and Wall (OFW), Starink and Kissinger’s methods, and evaluation of three kinetic parameters taken appropriate kinetic model in terms of percent change for both types of polymers have been proposed, and finally, simulated curves were compared with the experimental curves. Both mechanisms of degradation for COC and PMMA under nitrogen atmosphere will reflect intramolecular transfer and random scission of the main chain.
A Study on Ways to Extend Public Data for Game Ratings from Korea
Authors: Kang HoSeong , Kim JungYoon
Published: May 2021

As of 2020, public data for game ratings provided by Game Ratings And Administration Committee(GRAC) are more limited than public data for movie and video ratings provided by Korea Media Ratings Board and do not provide data which allow us to see information on ratings clearly and in detail. To get information on game ratings, we need to find information by searching for specific target on homepage which is inconvenient for us. In order to improve such inconvenience and extend scope of provision in public data, the author of this paper intends to study public data API which has been extended based on information on video ratings. To draw items to be extended, this study analyzes data for ratings on homepage of GRAC and designs collection system to build database. This study intends to implement system that provides data collected based on extended public data items in a form which users want. This study is expected to provide information on ratings to GRAC which will strengthen fairness and satisfy game users and people’s rights to know and contribute to promotion and development of game industry.
The Contribution of Epigenetic Inheritance Processes on Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Bellver-Sanchis Aina , Pallàs Mercè , Griñán-Ferré Christian
Published: May 2021

During the last years, epigenetic processes have emerged as important factors for many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s diseases (AD). These complex diseases seem to have a heritable component; however, genome-wide association studies failed to identify the genetic loci involved in the eatiology. So, how can these changes be transmitted from one gen-eration to the next? Answering this question would allow us to understand how the environ-ment can affect human populations for multiple generations and explain the high prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. This review pays particular attention to the relationship among epigenetics, cognition, and neurodegeneration across generations, deepening the under-standing of the relevance of heritability in neurodegenerative diseases. In fact, we highlight some recent examples of EI induced by experiences, focusing on their contribution of processes in learning and memory, to point out new targets for therapeutic interventions. Here, we first describe the prominent role of epigenetic factors in memory processing. Then, we briefly discuss aspects of EI. And ends, we summarize evidence of how epigenetic marks inherited by experi-ence and/or environmental stimuli contribute to cognitive status offspring, since better knowledge of EI can provide clues in the appearance and development of age-related cognitive decline and AD.
Effect of Joule Heating on Cell Viability and Device Reliability
Authors: Caffiyar Mohamed Yousuff , Irshad Kashif , Tirth Vineet , Zackria Ansar B.I Mohamed , Algahtani Ali , Islam Saiful
Published: May 2021

The application of electrode-based microfluidic devices in biological entity often imposes a problem due to joule heating. The strong applied potentials or micro channels having narrow cross sections generate undesirable temperature inside the microfluidic channels leading to strong thermal distribution inside the micro channel. When intrinsic distribution of temperature, if not fix with threshold value, causes device damage or cell loss. In this work, we investigate the effects of temperature generated due to joules heating effects and we attempt to address the design constraints for minimizing the joule heating effects in the microfluidic device for developing effective microfluidic device. The device reliability was analyzed under different parametric constraints for various types of substrate materials (PDMS, PMMA, Polyimide and glass). We also attempt to investigate the effects of cell reliability due to strong temperature gradients generated through different applied potentials on different cell types. Furthermore, the response of the device performance due to different electrode configuration and different conductivity of the medium was also studied. Our investigation will eventually provide guidelines for microfluidic researchers to fabricate efficient electrode based microfluidic device which will ultimately help to choose a critical channel dimensions, threshold potentials, and conductivity of solutions in order to avoid device damage and cell loss.
Leadership Hijacking in Docker Swarm and Its Consequences
Authors: Farshteindiker Adi , Puzis Rami
Published: May 2021

With the advent of microservice-based software architectures, an increasing number of modern cloud environments and enterprises use operating system level virtualization, often referred to as containers. Docker Swarm is one of the most popular container orchestration infrastructures, providing high availability and fault tolerance. Occasionally discovered container escape vulnerabilities allow adversaries to execute code on the host operating system and operate within the cloud infrastructure. We show that docker swarm is currently not secured against misbehaving manager nodes and allows a high impact, high probability privilege escalation attack that we refer to as leadership hijacking. Cloud lateral movement and defense evasion payloads allow an adversary to leverage the docker swarm functionality to control each and every host in the underlying cluster. We demonstrate an end-to-end attack, in which an adversary with access to an application running on the cluster achieves full control of the cluster. To reduce the probability of a successful high impact attack, container orchestration infrastructures must reduce the trust level of participating nodes and in particular, incorporate adversary immune leader election algorithms.
Ernest Hemingway's Female Consciousness
Authors: Yongju Yuan
Published: May 2021

Ernest is often stereotyped as a masculine writer as much of his work focuses on hunting, fishing, boxing, and bullfighting. With the rise of the women movement in the 1960s and feminist criticism in the department of literature, Hemingway became Enemy Number One for many critics, who accused him of perpetuating sexist stereotypes in his writing. By analyzing some female characters in his major works, this paper argues that as a skilful writer in depicting the male sphere, Hemingway has created many female characters that deserve commendation, and the mainstream of his female consciousness is positive. On the whole, his attitude toward women is fair.
Foreign Body Misdiagnosed as Myofascial Herniation of Tibialis Anterior Muscle
Authors: Sara Lauren
Published: May 2021

After a trip-and-fall injury, a 22-year-old man was misdiagnosed with myofascial herniation of his tibialis anterior muscle. After a diagnostic work-up, the correct diagnosis was identified: a foreign body in the tibialis anterior. His case describes the physical examination and diagnostic imaging findings expected in myofascial herniation while highlighting the ramifications of an incomplete differential diagnosis.
Applying resilience concepts to inland river system
Authors: Chambers Katherine , Echevarria-Doyle Waleska
Published: May 2021

As environmental uncertainty increases, incorporating resilience into project assessments, research recommendations, and future plans is becoming even more critical. This US Army Engineer Research and Development Center special report (SR) demonstrates how the concepts of resilience can be applied in a uniform framework and illustrates this framework through existing case studies on large inland river systems. This SR presents the concepts of resilience in inland river systems, the application of these concepts across disciplines, basic parameters of a resilience assessment, and the challenges and opportunities available for incorporating a more holistic approach to understanding resilience of the US Army Corps of Engineers mission areas on inland rivers. Finally, these concepts are demonstrated in several case studies in the United States to exemplify how these parameters have been applied to improve the overall performance of the system.