bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
These Are a Few of My Least Favorite Things
Authors: Puga Ana Elena
Published: August 2016

I'm still interested in theatre's potential for protest, resistance, emancipation, subversion, critique, howl, hope, lament, whimper. … This often leads me to focus on my least favorite things, drawn like a moth to performances that normal people (those who aren't theatre scholars) find depressing.
“The Eighth Fire”
Authors: Knowles Ric
Published: August 2016

The Anishinaabe people of Turtle Island [North America] have a teaching called the Seven Fire Prophecies, which clocks the history of our time on this land, from how we received our earliest teachings, through the arrival of the “light-skinned race,” through the loss of our ways. According to many of our teachers, we are now living in the time of the seventh fire, a time when there will be “a rebirth of the Anishinaabe nations and a re-kindling of the sacred fire.”

The eight fire is an extension of the prophecies, a suggestion and a wish that now is the time for the Indigenous people and the settler communities to work together to achieve justice, to live together in a good way.

—Yvette Nolan (Algonquin), Medicine Shows

In many disciplines where it has become apparent that scholarship has been one of the key technologies of colonization, complicit in the exploitation and decimation of the land and its human and nonhuman inhabitants, there has been a (re)turn to ways of knowing that are not about power/knowledge—naming, disciplining, categorizing, objectifying, and isolating elements—but about relationality, reciprocity, respect, and what Opaskwayak Cree scholar Shawn Wilson discusses under the principle, shared across many Indigenous cultures, of “relational accountability.”
It's Just a Play (and That's Enough)
Authors: Hensley Michelle
Published: August 2016

Ten Thousand Things Theater performs plays for as many different kinds of audience as we can. We are a strictly professional theatre company that works with the best actors in the Twin Cities (our home for the past twenty-three years), performing Shakespeare, Greek tragedy, Brecht, American musicals, and contemporary plays, taking each production to seven or eight correctional facilities (men's, women's, and juvenile), nine or ten low-income centers (homeless shelters, adult-education centers, housing projects, detox centers, immigrant centers, Indian reservations, rural areas), as well as doing twelve to sixteen shows for the paying general public. That's it—taking a play directly to extremely diverse audiences in order to engage with as many different kinds of people as possible. We do not work with individual marginalized communities over stretches of time to create theatre pieces, nor do we integrate community members as actors or writers or designers in the process. This is of course very valuable work, and such work may indeed change people's lives—it's just not what we do. We have never set out to try to change anyone's life. We never will begin with that intention. We simply try to tell stories as well as we possibly can, engaging with each audience as deeply and strongly as possible.
AN EVALUATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS ON CAPITAL TAXATION
Authors: Domínguez Begoña , Feng Zhigang
Published: August 2016

This paper investigates the desirability of constitutional constraints on capital taxation in an environment without government debt and where benevolent governments have limited commitment. In our setup, governments can choose proportional capital and labor income taxes subject to the constitutional constraint but cannot commit to an actual path of taxes. First, we explore a form of constitutional constraint: a constant cap on capital tax rates. In our quantitative exercise, we show that a three percent cap on capital taxes provides the highest welfare at the worst sustainable equilibrium. However, such a cap decreases welfare at the best sustainable equilibrium (both because it constrains feasibility and because it tightens the incentive compatibility constraint). Second, we identify a form of constitutional constraint that can improve all sustainable equilibria. That constraint features a cap on capital taxes that increases with the level of capital.
The Quest to Understand Reversals in Earth's Magnetic Field
Authors: Cook Terri
Published: August 2016

A review of the major features of the geomagnetic reversals preserved in Earth's rock record helps to answer the question, Which data could advance our understanding of these poorly described events?
Effects of long-term continuous cropping on soil nematode community and soil condition associated with replant problem in strawberry habitat
Authors: Li Xingyue , Lewis Edwin E. , Liu Qizhi , Li Heqin , Bai Chunqi , Wang Yuzhu
Published: August 2016

Continuous cropping changes soil physiochemical parameters, enzymes and microorganism communities, causing “replant problem” in strawberry cultivation. We hypothesized that soil nematode community would reflect the changes in soil conditions caused by long-term continuous cropping, in ways that are consistent and predictable. To test this hypothesis, we studied the soil nematode communities and several soil parameters, including the concentration of soil phenolic acids, organic matter and nitrogen levels, in strawberry greenhouse under continuous-cropping for five different durations. Soil pH significantly decreased, and four phenolic acids, i.e., p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid, accumulated with time under continuous cropping. The four phenolic acids were highly toxic toAcrobeloidesspp., the eudominant genus in non-continuous cropping, causing it to reduce to a resident genus after seven-years of continuous cropping. Decreased nematode diversity indicated loss of ecosystem stability and sustainability because of continuous-cropping practice. Moreover, the dominant decomposition pathway was altered from bacterial to fungal under continuous cropping. Our results suggest that along with the continuous-cropping time in strawberry habitat, the soil food web is disturbed, and the available plant nutrition as well as the general health of the soil deteriorates; these changes can be indicated by soil nematode community.
Response of the Pacific inter-tropical convergence zone to global cooling and initiation of Antarctic glaciation across the Eocene Oligocene Transition
Authors: Hyeong Kiseong , Kuroda Junichiro , Seo Inah , Wilson Paul A.
Published: August 2016

Approximately 34 million years ago across the Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT), Earth’s climate tipped from a largely unglaciated state into one that sustained large ice sheets on Antarctica. Antarctic glaciation is attributed to a threshold response to slow decline in atmospheric CO2 but our understanding of the feedback processes triggered and of climate change on the other contents is limited. Here we present new geochemical records of terrigenous dust accumulating on the sea floor across the EOT from a site in the central equatorial Pacific. We report a change in dust chemistry from an Asian affinity to a Central-South American provenance that occurs geologically synchronously with the initiation of stepwise global cooling, glaciation of Antarctica and aridification on the northern continents. We infer that the inter-tropical convergence zone of intense precipitation extended to our site during late Eocene, at least four degrees latitude further south than today, but that it migrated northwards in step with global cooling and initiation of Antarctic glaciation. Our findings point to an atmospheric teleconnection between extratropical cooling and rainfall climate in the tropics and the mid-latitude belt of the westerlies operating across the most pivotal transition in climate state of the Cenozoic Era.
Epidermal growth factor gene is a newly identified candidate gene for gout
Authors: Han Lin , Cao Chunwei , Jia Zhaotong , Liu Shiguo , Liu Zhen , Xin Ruosai , Wang Can , Li Xinde , Ren Wei , Wang Xuefeng , Li Changgui
Published: August 2016

Chromosome 4q25 has been identified as a genomic region associated with gout. However, the associations of gout with the genes in this region have not yet been confirmed. Here, we performed two-stage analysis to determine whether variations in candidate genes in the 4q25 region are associated with gout in a male Chinese Han population. We first evaluated 96 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eight inflammatory/immune pathway- or glucose/lipid metabolism-related genes in the 4q25 region in 480 male gout patients and 480 controls. The SNP rs12504538, located in the elongation of very-long-chain-fatty-acid-like family member 6 gene (Elovl6), was found to be associated with gout susceptibility (Padjusted = 0.00595). In the second stage of analysis, we performed fine mapping analysis of 93 tag SNPs in Elovl6 and in the epidermal growth factor gene (EGF) and its flanking regions in 1017 male patients gout and 1897 healthy male controls. We observed a significant association between the T allele of EGF rs2298999 and gout (odds ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval = 0.67–0.88, Padjusted = 6.42 × 10−3). These results provide the first evidence for an association between the EGF rs2298999 C/T polymorphism and gout. Our findings should be validated in additional populations.
Defective DNA repair increases susceptibility to senescence through extension of Chk1-mediated G2 checkpoint activation
Authors: Johmura Yoshikazu , Yamashita Emiri , Shimada Midori , Nakanishi Keiko , Nakanishi Makoto
Published: August 2016

Susceptibility to senescence caused by defective DNA repair is a major hallmark of progeroid syndrome patients, but molecular mechanisms of how defective DNA repair predisposes to senescence are largely unknown. We demonstrate here that suppression of DNA repair pathways extends the duration of Chk1-dependent G2 checkpoint activation and sensitizes cells to senescence through enhancement of mitosis skipping. Extension of G2 checkpoint activation by introduction of the TopBP1 activation domain and the nondegradable mutant of Claspin sensitizes cells to senescence. In contrast, a shortening of G2 checkpoint activation by expression of SIRT6 or depletion of OTUB2 reduces susceptibility to senescence. Fibroblasts from progeroid syndromes tested shows a correlation between an extension of G2 checkpoint activation and an increase in the susceptibility to senescence. These results suggest that extension of G2 checkpoint activation caused by defective DNA repair is critical for senescence predisposition in progeroid syndrome patients.
Is the detection of accelerated sea level rise imminent?
Authors: Fasullo J. T. , Nerem R. S. , Hamlington B.
Published: August 2016

Global mean sea level rise estimated from satellite altimetry provides a strong constraint on climate variability and change and is expected to accelerate as the rates of both ocean warming and cryospheric mass loss increase over time. In stark contrast to this expectation however, current altimeter products show the rate of sea level rise to have decreased from the first to second decades of the altimeter era. Here, a combined analysis of altimeter data and specially designed climate model simulations shows the 1991 eruption of Mt Pinatubo to likely have masked the acceleration that would have otherwise occurred. This masking arose largely from a recovery in ocean heat content through the mid to late 1990 s subsequent to major heat content reductions in the years following the eruption. A consequence of this finding is that barring another major volcanic eruption, a detectable acceleration is likely to emerge from the noise of internal climate variability in the coming decade.
miRNA profiles in livers with different mass deficits after partial hepatectomy and miR-106b~25 cluster accelerating hepatocyte proliferation in rats
Authors: Xu Xiao , Liu Zhikun , Wang Jianguo , Ling Qi , Xie Haiyang , Guo Haijun , Wei Xuyong , Zhou Lin , Zheng Shusen
Published: August 2016

Partial hepatectomy (PH) promotes the reentry of quiescent hepatocytes into cell cycle for regrowth. miRNA profiles in livers with different mass deficits after PH have not been investigated and miRNAs implicated in liver regeneration remain unclear. We generated miRNA profiles from normal and remnant livers at 6, 12, 24 and 36 hours after 1/3 or 2/3PH using microarrays. Compared with normal livers, the proportion of altered miRNAs decreased with time after 1/3PH, but increased after 2/3PH. Most of altered miRNAs between 1/3 and 2/3PH exhibited similar up- or down-regulation, but lower expression magnitude for 1/3PH. Among differentially expressed miRNAs between 2/3PH with robust DNA replication and 1/3PH with a minimal replicative response, we identified miR-101a, miR-92a, miR-25, miR-93 and miR-106b as key regulators of cell cycle. In 2/3PH model, overexpression of miR-106b~25 cluster tended to accelerate liver regeneration, while inhibition of miR-106b~25 cluster markedly repressed regenerative response and delayed recovery of liver function. Mechanistically, RB1 and KAT2B with cell cycle arrest activity were identified as novel targets of miR-106b/93 and miR-25, respectively. Overall, we featured miRNA profiles and dynamics after 1/3 and 2/3PH and identified miR-106b~25 cluster as being involved in timely cell cycle entry of hepatocytes after PH.
Highly conductive, printable pastes from capillary suspensions
Authors: Schneider Monica , Koos Erin , Willenbacher Norbert
Published: August 2016

We have used the capillary suspension phenomenon to design conductive pastes for printed electronic applications, such as front side metallization of solar cells, without non-volatile, organic additives that often deteriorate electrical properties. Adding a small amount of a second, immiscible fluid to a suspension creates a network of liquid bridges between the particles. This capillary force-controlled microstructure allows for tuning the flow behavior in a wide range. Yield stress and low-shear viscosity can be adjusted such that long-term stability is provided by inhibiting sedimentation, and, even more importantly, narrow line widths and high aspect ratios are accessible. These ternary mixtures, called capillary suspensions, exhibit a strong degree of shear thinning that allows for conventional coating or printing equipment to be used. Finally, the secondary fluid, beneficial for stability and processing of the wet paste, completely evaporates during drying and sintering. Thus, we obtained high purity silver and nickel layers with a conductivity two times greater than could be obtained with state-of-the-art, commercial materials. This revolutionary concept can be easily applied to other systems using inorganic or even organic conductive particles and represents a fundamental paradigm change to the formulation of pastes for printed electronics.
Menopause-induced uterine epithelium atrophy results from arachidonic acid/prostaglandin E2 axis inhibition-mediated autophagic cell death
Authors: Zhou Shengtao , Zhao Linjie , Yi Tao , Wei Yuquan , Zhao Xia
Published: August 2016

Women experience menopause later in life. Menopause is characterized by dramatically decreased circulating estrogen level secondary to loss of ovarian function and atrophic state of genital organs. However, the molecular mechanisms for this process are not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms that underlie menopause-induced uterine endometrial atrophy. Our data showed that autophagy was activated in the uterine epithelial cells of both ovariectomized rats and peri-menopausal females. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurred even prior to autophagy induction. Integrated bioinformatics analysis revealed that ER stress induced downstream decreased release of arachidonic acid (AA) and downregulation of AA/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) axis, which led to Akt/mTOR signaling pathway inactivation. Consequently, autophagosomes were recruited and LC3-dependent autophagy was induced in uterine epithelial cells. Treatment with exogenous E2, PGE2, salubrinal or RNAi-mediated silencing of key autophagy genes could effectively counteract estrogen depletion-induced autophagy. Collectively, autophagy is a critical regulator of the uterine epithelium that accounts for endometrial atrophy after menopause.
Symbiosis with Francisella tularensis provides resistance to pathogens in the silkworm
Authors: Suzuki Jin , Uda Akihiko , Watanabe Kenta , Shimizu Takashi , Watarai Masahisa
Published: August 2016

Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is a highly virulent facultative intracellular pathogen found in a wide range of animals, including arthropods and environments. This bacterium has been known for over 100 years, but the lifestyle of F. tularensis in natural reservoirs remains largely unknown. Thus, we established a novel natural host model for F. tularensis using the silkworm (Bombyx mori), which is an insect model for infection by pathogens. F. tularensis established a symbiosis with silkworms and bacteria were observed in the hemolymph. After infection with F. tularensis, the induction of melanization and nodulation, which are immune responses to bacterial infection, were inhibited in silkworms. Pre-inoculation of silkworms with F. tularensis enhanced the expression of antimicrobial peptides and resistance to infection by pathogenic bacteria. These results suggest that silkworms acquire host resistance via their symbiosis with F. tularensis, which may have important fitness benefits in natural reservoirs.
Determination and prediction of the magnetic anisotropy of Mn ions
Authors: Duboc Carole
Published: August 2016

EPR spectroscopy combined with quantum chemistry for the investigation of the magnetic anisotropy of MnII, MnIII and MnIV.
CoP for hydrogen evolution: implications from hydrogen adsorption
Authors: Hu Guoxiang , Tang Qing , Jiang De-en
Published: August 2016

Synergistic adsorption of hydrogen atoms on Co and P sites of CoP(111) leads to a nearly neutral free energy of adsorption that is highly conductive to hydrogen evolution.
Computer-aided molecular design and selection of CO2 capture solvents based on thermodynamics, reactivity and sustainability
Authors: Papadopoulos Athanasios I. , Badr Sara , Chremos Alexandros , Forte Esther , Zarogiannis Theodoros , Seferlis Panos , Papadokonstantakis Stavros , Galindo Amparo , Jackson George , Adjiman Claire S.
Published: August 2016

Novel solvents for chemisorption-based CO2 capture.
Methylidyne-replaced boron nitride fullerenes and nanotubes: a wave function study
Authors: Fortenberry Ryan C.
Published: August 2016

Replacement of nitrogen atoms in boron nitride fullerenes and nanotubes with methylidyne groups stabilizes the structure and provides bonding points.
Kinetics of curcumin oxidation by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH˙): an interesting case of separated coupled proton–electron transfer
Authors: Foti Mario C. , Slavova-Kazakova Adriana , Rocco Concetta , Kancheva Vessela D.
Published: August 2016

Separated coupled proton–electron transfer in the π-stacked complex between the enolate of curcumin and thedpph˙ radical.
Influences of the Pb 6s2 lone pair effect and quantum size effect on the diffusion of oxygen atoms on Pb(111) films
Authors: Hu Zi-Yu , Lu Hao , Zhang Sheng-Li , Zeng Hai-Bo
Published: August 2016

Based on our previous studies revealing quantum oscillations in the adsorption energetics of atomic oxygen on Pb(111) films, here we study all the possible on-surface and subsurface adsorption sites of oxygen atoms on Pb(111) films at different coverages.
Structural and electronic properties of HCnS− (n = 4–11): anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional calculations
Authors: Xu Xi-Ling , Yang Bin , Xu Hong-Guang , Deng Xiao-Jiao , Zheng Wei-Jun
Published: August 2016

The structures of HCnS− are all linear with the H and S atoms locating at two ends of the carbon chain. Their VDEs exhibit a strong odd–even alternation.
Enhanced magnetic properties and MRI performance of bi-magnetic core–shell nanoparticles
Authors: Cardona Fernando Arteaga , Urquiza Esmeralda Santillán , Presa Patricia de la , Tobón Silvia Hidalgo , Pal Umapada , Fraijo Patricia Horta , Yacaman Miguel José , Lozada Ramírez José Daniel , Ivkov Robert , Angulo-Molina Aracely , Méndez-Rojas Miguel Ángel
Published: August 2016

Two sets of bi-magnetic, biocompatible Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4@Fe3O4 core–shell nanoparticles with enhanced magnetic properties were prepared. These bi-magnetic nanoparticles have a vast potential as MRI contrast agents.
In situ monitoring of colloid packing at an air/water interface using visible laser diffraction
Authors: Ho Chi-Chih , Lin Wen-Yi , Tseng Fan-Gang
Published: August 2016

A diffractive method using a visible laser to directly monitor colloids trapped at an air/water interface under isothermal compression is discussed.
Multiresponsive micellar block copolymers from 2-vinylpyridine and dialkylvinylphosphonates with a tunable lower critical solution temperature
Authors: Adams F. , Altenbuchner P. T. , Werz P. D. L. , Rieger B.
Published: August 2016

Tailor-made, multi-responsive micellar AB and ABB′ block copolymers show a pH-sensitivity and a tunable LCST within an expanded temperature range.
Lattice dynamics of a quasi-2D layered TlCo2Se2 with a helical magnetic structure
Authors: Jagło Grzegorz , Wdowik Urszula D.
Published: August 2016

The vibrational properties of a quasi-two-dimensional layered TlCo2Se2 compound exhibiting a helical magnetic order were investigated using density functional theory and an approximation of harmonic phonons.
Self-forming electrode modification in organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Choi Sangmoo , Larrain Felipe A. , Wang Cheng-Yin , Fuentes-Hernandez Canek , Chou Wen-Fang , Kippelen Bernard
Published: August 2016

High-performance top-gate TIPS-pentacene/PTAA OFETs having low contact resistance were fabricated by mixing PFBT directly into the semiconductor solution and spin-coating the solution on bare silver electrodes.
Wideband Acoustic Immittance: Normative Study and Test–Retest Reliability of Tympanometric Measurements in Adults
Authors: Sun Xiao-Ming
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to present normative data of tympanometric measurements of wideband acoustic immittance and to characterize wideband tympanograms.

Method

Data were collected in 84 young adults with strictly defined normal hearing and middle ear status. Energy absorbance (EA) was measured using clicks for 1/12–octave frequencies (0.236 to 8 kHz), with the ear canal air pressure systematically varied (+200 to −300 daPa). In 40 ears, 7 consecutive trials and a trial of clinical 226-Hz acoustic admittance (
Y

a

) tympanometry followed. A cavity test was also conducted.

Results

From the wideband EA tympanogram, several EA spectrums and EA tympanograms were derived. Descriptive statistics were performed, and population parameters were estimated. The immediate test–retest reliability was excellent. Effects of ear canal air pressure on EA were examined comprehensively. Differences in EA between tympanometric and ambient-pressure measurements were significant. Single-frequency EA tympanograms exemplified for half-octave frequencies were contrasted. The bandpass EA tympanogram, 0.236- and 1-kHz EA and
Y

a

tympanograms, and 226-Hz
Y

a

tympanogram were compared in 9 variables.

Conclusions

This study established a database of wideband tympanograms in healthy adults. The data analyses will promote our understanding of the middle ear transfer function. These data will serve as a reference for further studies in clinical populations.
Scatterer‐based approach to evaluate similarity between 3D em‐model and 2D SAR data for ATR
Authors: CongHui Ma , GongJian Wen , XiaoHong Huang , XiaoLiang Yang , BaiYuan Ding
Published: August 2016

The similarity evaluation between three‐dimensional (3D) electromagnetic model (em‐model) and 2D synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is a key factor in em‐model‐based SAR automatic target recognition (ATR). In this study, a scatterer‐based approach is proposed to evaluate the similarity between 3D em‐model and 2D SAR data for ATR purpose. A target is characterised by a set of scatterers and the similarity between 3D em‐model and 2D SAR data is evaluated through all these scatterers. First, information of each scatterer is predicted from 3D em‐model and used to guide the scatterer extraction from 2D SAR data. Then similarity of each scatterer pair is evaluated through a hypothesis testing approach. In the end, these similarities are synthesized based on Dempster–Shafer (D‐S) evidence theory as a whole similarity. The innovative contributions of this study are as follows: a scatterer‐based similarity evaluation method between 3D em‐model and 2D SAR data at arbitrary target pose is established for ATR purpose. This method is able to resist noises and partial occlusion. Besides, from the result, one can attribute physical information to the measured target. Experiments using data simulated by a high‐frequency electromagnetic code verify the validity of the method.
Vergleich der Ergebnisse der Flimmerperimetrie (Prototyp versus kommerziellem Perimeter)
Authors: Zimmermann N. , Hess A. , Erb C.
Published: August 2016

Hintergrund: Analyse der Vergleichbarkeit der Flimmerperimetrie mittels Pulsar-Prototyp vs. des neuen Octopus 600.

Methoden: Es wurde an beiden Augen von 20 Patienten mit einem primär chronischen Offenwinkelglaukom das 30°-Gesichtsfeld mittels Flimmerperimetrie (dynamische Strategie) an den Perimetern Pulsar und Octopus 600 (Haag-Streit) untersucht. Die Auswertung erfolgte anhand des mittleren Defekts (mean deviation = MD) und der Defekttiefe (square root of lost variance = sLV).

Ergebnisse: Im t-Test für verbundene Stichproben ergab die Pulsar-Perimetrie signifikant höhere MD-Werte verglichen mit der Octopus-600-Perimetrie: rechtes Auge MD 4,8 ± 3,6 src vs. 1,7 ± 2,9 src, p = 0,005; linkes Auge MD 3,9 ± 3,6 src vs. 1,4 ± 2,8 src, p = 0,018; beide Augen MD 4,35 ± 3,62 src vs. 1,55 ± 2,80 src, p = 0,002. Auch die sLV-Werte waren am Pulsar-Perimeter signifikant höher als am Octopus-600-Perimeter: rechtes Auge sLV 3,6 ± 1,6 src vs. 2,3 ± 1,3 src, p = 0,006; linkes Auge sLV 3,2 ± 0,8 src vs. 2,0 ± 0,8 src, p < 0,0001; beide Augen 3,37 ± 1,28 src vs. 2,12 ± 1,05 src, p < 0,0001. Die Signifikanzen blieben auch nach Bonferoni-Holm-Korrektur bestehen.

Schlussfolgerung: Die Untersuchungsergebnisse der Flimmerperimeter sind nicht vergleichbar, weil ein signifikanter Unterschied der MD und sLV vorliegt. Ursächlich sind unterschiedliche Leuchtdichten, Hintergrundhelligkeiten und Farbtemperaturen der Perimeter.
Schwerwiegende Augen- und Gesichtsskelettverletzungen beim Feuerwehrsport
Authors: Rusňák Š. , Maranová Z. , Kasl Z. , Hecová L. , Voigt E. , Raiskup F.
Published: August 2016

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, auf mögliche Verletzungen des Auges und des Gesichtsschädels beim Feuerwehrsport aufmerksam zu machen. Vorgestellt wird eine Gruppe von 9 Patienten, die von 2006 bis 2015 in der Augenklinik des Universitätsklinikums in Pilsen mit der Diagnose Augapfelprellung behandelt wurden, nachdem sie von einem Wasserstrahl und/oder einem Strahlrohr getroffen wurden. Ausführlich vorgestellt werden dann 3 Fälle.
Activation energy of negative fixed charges in thermal ALD Al2O3
Authors: Kühnhold-Pospischil S. , Saint-Cast P. , Richter A. , Hofmann M.
Published: August 2016

A study of the thermally activated negative fixed charges Qtot and the interface trap densities Dit at the interface between Si and thermal atomic-layer-deposited amorphous Al2O3 layers is presented. The thermal activation of Qtot and Dit was conducted at annealing temperatures between 220 °C and 500 °C for durations between 3 s and 38 h. The temperature-induced differences in Qtot and Dit were measured using the characterization method called corona oxide characterization of semiconductors. Their time dependency were fitted using stretched exponential functions, yielding activation energies of EA = (2.2 ± 0.2) eV and EA = (2.3 ± 0.7) eV for Qtot and Dit, respectively. For annealing temperatures from 350 °C to 500 °C, the changes in Qtot and Dit were similar for both p- and n-type doped Si samples. In contrast, at 220 °C the charging process was enhanced for p-type samples. Based on the observations described in this contribution, a charging model leading to Qtot based on an electron hopping process between the silicon and Al2O3 through defects is proposed.
The National Ignition Facility modular Kirkpatrick-Baez microscope
Authors: Pickworth L. A. , Ayers J. , Bell P. , Brejnholt N. F. , Buscho J. G. , Bradley D. , Decker T. , Hau-Riege S. , Kilkenny J. , McCarville T. , Pardini T. , Vogel J. , Walton C.
Published: August 2016

Current two-dimensional X-ray imaging at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) uses time resolved pinhole cameras with ∼10-25 μm pinholes. This method has limitations in the smallest resolvable features that can be imaged with reasonable photon statistics for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) applications. ICF sources have a broadband self-emission spectrum that causes the pinhole images obtained, through thin foil filters, to contain a similarly broadband spectrum complicating the interpretation of structure in the source. In order to study phenomena on the scale of ∼5 μm, such as dopant mix in the ICF capsule, a narrow energy band, higher spatial resolution microscope system with improved signal/noise has been developed using X-ray optics. Utilizing grazing incidence mirrors in a Kirkpatrick-Baez microscope (KBM) configuration [P. Kirkpatrick and A. V. Baez, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 38, 766–774 (1948)], an X-ray microscope has been designed and fielded on NIF with four imaging channels. The KBM has ∼12 × magnification, <8 μm resolution, and higher throughput in comparison to similar pinhole systems. The first KBM mirrors are coated with a multilayer mirror to allow a “narrow band” energy response at 10.2 keV with ΔE ∼ 3 keV. By adjusting the mirror coating only, the energy response can be matched to the future experimental requirements. Several mirror packs have been commissioned and are interchangeable in the diagnostic snout.
Stable dynamics in forced systems with sufficiently high/low forcing frequency
Authors: Bartuccelli M. , Gentile G. , Wright J. A.
Published: August 2016

We consider parametrically forced Hamiltonian systems with one-and-a-half degrees of freedom and study the stability of the dynamics when the frequency of the forcing is relatively high or low. We show that, provided the frequency is sufficiently high, Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) theorem may be applied even when the forcing amplitude is far away from the perturbation regime. A similar result is obtained for sufficiently low frequency, but in that case we need the amplitude of the forcing to be not too large; however, we are still able to consider amplitudes which are outside of the perturbation regime. In addition, we find numerically that the dynamics may be stable even when the forcing amplitude is very large, well beyond the range of validity of the analytical results, provided the frequency of the forcing is taken correspondingly low.
3D nanopore shape control by current-stimulus dielectric breakdown
Authors: Ying Cuifeng , Zhang Yuechuan , Feng Yanxiao , Zhou Daming , Wang Deqiang , Xiang Yinxiao , Zhou Wenyuan , Chen Yongsheng , Du Chunlei , Tian Jianguo
Published: August 2016

We propose a simple and cost-effect method, current-stimulus dielectric breakdown, to manipulate the 3D shapes of the nanochannels in 20-nm-thick SiNx membranes. Besides the precise control of nanopore size, the cone orientation can be determined by the pulse polarity. The cone angle of nanopores can be systematically tuned by simply changing the stimulus pulse waveform, allowing the gradual shape control from conical to obconical. After they are formed, the cone angle of these nanopores can be further tuned in a certain range by adjusting the widening pulse. Such size and 3D shape controllable abiotic nanopores can construct a constriction in the nanochannel and hence produce a sub-nm “sensing zone” to suit any desired bio-sensing or precise DNA sequencing. Using these conical nanopores, 20-nt ssDNA composed of homopolymers (poly(dA)20, poly(dC)20, and poly(dT)20) can be clearly differentiated by their ionic current signals.
Spin transport, magnetoresistance, and electrically detected magnetic resonance in amorphous hydrogenated silicon nitride
Authors: Mutch Michael J. , Lenahan Patrick M. , King Sean W.
Published: August 2016

We report on a study of spin transport via electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) and near-zero field magnetoresistance (MR) in silicon nitride films. Silicon nitrides have long been important materials in solid state electronics. Although electronic transport in these materials is not well understood, electron paramagnetic resonance studies have identified a single dominating paramagnetic defect and have also provided physical and chemical descriptions of the defects, called K centers. Our EDMR and MR measurements clearly link the near-zero field MR response to the K centers and also indicate that K center energy levels are approximately 3.1 eV above the a-SiN:H valence band edge. In addition, our results suggest an approach for the study of defect mediated spin-transport in inorganic amorphous insulators via variable electric field and variable frequency EDMR and MR which may be widely applicable.
Experimental generation of optical coherence lattices
Authors: Chen Yahong , Ponomarenko Sergey A. , Cai Yangjian
Published: August 2016

We report experimental generation and measurement of recently introduced optical coherence lattices. The presented optical coherence lattice realization technique hinges on a superposition of mutually uncorrelated partially coherent Schell-model beams with tailored coherence properties. We show theoretically that information can be encoded into and, in principle, recovered from the lattice degree of coherence. Our results can find applications to image transmission and optical encryption.
Diabetic patient adherence to pathology request completion in primary care
Authors: Ramsay Niamh , Johnson Tracey , Badrick Tony
Published: August 2016

Objective Little research exists regarding the prevalence of patient non-adherence with completing pathology requests for chronic disease monitoring. The aims of the present study were to determine the extent to which this exists in diabetic patients and to identify possible reasons contributing to this behaviour. Methods Patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from three general practices with different demographics. Data were collected by recording demographic patient information at the time of visit. In addition, information regarding patient pathology request adherence and the reasons provided when this was not achieved were also noted. These reasons were compared with preconceptions by medical staff in each practice. Results General practitioner perceptions of poor patient adherence to pathology requests were confirmed, with rates of non-adherence up to 31% at one practice site. The primary reasons preventing completion of pathology testing included forgetfulness, time poorness, poor health literacy and, in some cases, language barriers. Conclusion A high proportion of patients do not prioritise the monitoring of their diabetes, potentially because of a lack of understanding of the importance such management has on their health. Further research should be conducted to determine the effect of the implementation of point-of-care testing on patient outcomes in such areas of low non-adherence with disease management. What is known about the topic? Little quantitative information exists regarding the adherence rate of patients to pathology request completion. Without up-to-date pathology results, a barrier is created, preventing accurate medical treatment of the patient’s condition because the doctor cannot ascertain a full picture of the patient’s current disease state at the time of consultation. What does this paper add? This paper quantifies the rate of non-adherence among three diabetic patient groups at different practice sites, taking into account patient and site demographics. It also confirms patient non-adherence to timely pathology request completion as a prevalent issue of concern at all practice sites recruited. In addition, it looks at reasons why this issue exists as a means of addressing the problem in the future. What are the implications for practitioners? This research may aid practitioners in addressing such issues at a local level within general practice, because reasons creating barriers to successful completion of pathology requests have been identified and potential solutions suggested.
Acinetobacter baumannii
phenylacetic acid metabolism influences infection outcome through a direct effect on neutrophil chemotaxis
Authors: Bhuiyan Md Saruar , Ellett Felix , Murray Gerald L. , Kostoulias Xenia , Cerqueira Gustavo M. , Schulze Keith E. , Mahamad Maifiah Mohd Hafidz , Li Jian , Creek Darren J. , Lieschke Graham J. , Peleg Anton Y.
Published: August 2016

Significance

Acinetobacter baumannii
is one of the most significant hospital-acquired bacterial pathogens, able to cause life-threatening infections and develop resistance to all currently available antibiotic agents. Here, we established zebrafish as a model to study real-time interactions between innate immune cells and
A. baumannii
during infection. We identified a bacterial metabolic pathway that, when inhibited, leads to enhanced immune responses toward the bacteria, improving bacterial clearance and reducing severity of disease. The enhanced immune response was secondary to accumulation of a metabolic by-product, which acted as a direct, bacterial-mediated attractant of neutrophils, the key immune cell important in response to bacterial infections. These results pave the way for novel therapeutic targeting of bacterial metabolism to stimulate immune responses to fight off infection.
Atomic structure of a rhinovirus C, a virus species linked to severe childhood asthma
Authors: Liu Yue , Hill Marchel G. , Klose Thomas , Chen Zhenguo , Watters Kelly , Bochkov Yury A. , Jiang Wen , Palmenberg Ann C. , Rossmann Michael G.
Published: August 2016

Significance

The recently identified rhinovirus C (RV-C) species of picornaviruses might be associated with more severe respiratory infections than other rhinoviruses in children. The RV-C have been linked to 50–85% of hospital-level childhood asthma exacerbations that can lead to significant adult respiratory problems. However, there are currently no effective antiviral treatments or vaccines available. Using cryoelectron microscopy, we have determined the atomic structures of the full virion and native empty particle (NEP) of a cell-adapted RV-C strain. The structures highlight novel immunogenic sites on the virus surface, a probable binding site for the RV-C receptor, molecular determinants of antiviral resistance, and the rationale of utilizing NEPs as vaccine candidates. These results provide the basis for designing antiviral therapeutics and vaccines.
Auditory-induced neural dynamics in sensory-motor circuitry predict learned temporal and sequential statistics of birdsong
Authors: Bouchard Kristofer E. , Brainard Michael S.
Published: August 2016

Significance

The neural basis of prediction is poorly understood. Here, utilizing the probabilistic song sequences of the Bengalese finch, we recorded neural activity following the termination of auditory playback of an individual’s produced song sequences. We demonstrate that induced neural activity is predictive of the timing and identity of individual syllables. Consistent with the intuition that more uncertain sequences should give rise to weaker predictions, we find that the uncertainty of upcoming syllables modulates the strength of neural predictions. The utility of such statistical predictions for a variety of neural computations suggest that similar properties of neural dynamics may be a general feature of sensory and motor circuits.
Imperial diversity in the village: petitions for and against the division of Galicia in 1848
Authors: Osterkamp Jana
Published: August 2016

In Galicia in 1848, petitions as to whether the province should be divided in two with a Polish and a Ruthenian region moved thousands of people to action. Although the petitions were among the largest in the history of the Habsburg monarchy, the petition lists have never been researched in detail. Whereas the initiators of the petitionforthe partition were anxious to present a narrative of national and confessional unity for a “Ruthenian” Eastern Galicia suppressed by “Poles,” thecounter-petitionistsdisputed the very existence of a Ruthenian nationality and chose a narrative of peaceful, conflict-free living together. A close reading of the petition lists reveals both conflict and co-existence. The lists with a checkered contrast of Cyrillic, Latin, and Hebrew scripts bear witness to what was a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional society. More than that, these sources prove impressively that the three large religious and ethnic communities – Poles, Ruthenians, and Jews – were in continuous day-to-day contact with each other. While the history of emerging nationalism has so far been in the foreground in historiography of the revolutionary events in Galicia in 1848, the petitions' sources tell another story of everyday social interaction and of practices of socialambiguityin the Galician village and market communities.
Narratives from therapists regarding the process of psychotherapeutic change in children and adolescents who have been victims of sexual abuse / Narrativas de terapeutas sobre el proceso de cambio psicoterapéutico en niños, niñas y adolescentes que han sido víctimas de agresiones sexuales
Authors: Águila Daniela , Lama Ximena , Capella Claudia , Rodríguez Loreto , Dussert Denise , Gutiérrez Carolina , Beiza Gretchen
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this study is to understand how psychotherapists perceive the process of change in psychotherapy in children and/or adolescents who have been victims of sexual abuse and the influence therapeutic alliance has on this treatment. A qualitative research study was carried out through 24 in-depth interviews with psychologists, analysed from a narrative analysis framework. The results of this study highlight that the change in psychotherapy is gradual and progressive and develops in different stages: an initial one of connection with the therapeutic space, an intermediate stage of giving new meanings to their abusive experience and a final stage consolidating the changes. In each of these stages, the therapeutic alliance influences in different ways; it is essential in the process of psychotherapeutic change. The implications of these findings for child and adolescent clinical work are stressed by highlighting therapists’ narratives.
The Thirteenth-Century Visitation Records of the Diocese of Hereford
Authors: Forrest Ian , Whittick Christopher
Published: August 2016

When visitation of the laity became a regular feature of parish and diocesan life towards the end of the thirteenth century, it relied upon new forms of documentation. Three visitation records of the late thirteenth century from Hereford diocese are edited here, and the character of the documents, produced under the pioneering bishops Thomas Cantilupe and Richard Swinfield, is described and analysed. The authors discuss the reasons for the emergence of regular episcopal visitation around this time, and the nature and utility of the documents which it generated and on which its viability depended.
Resilience of cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) to salinity: implications for food security in low-lying regions
Authors: Gleadow Ros , Pegg Amelia , Blomstedt Cecilia K.
Published: August 2016

Rising sea levels are threatening agricultural production in coastal regions due to inundation and contamination of groundwater. The development of more salt-tolerant crops is essential. Cassava is an important staple, particularly among poor subsistence farmers. Its tolerance to drought and elevated temperatures make it highly suitable for meeting global food demands in the face of climate change, but its ability to tolerate salt is unknown. Cassava stores nitrogen in the form of cyanogenic glucosides and can cause cyanide poisoning unless correctly processed. Previous research demonstrated that cyanide levels are higher in droughted plants, possibly as a mechanism for increasing resilience to oxidative stress. We determined the tolerance of cassava to salt at two different stages of development, and tested the hypothesis that cyanide toxicity would be higher in salt-stressed plants. Cassava was grown at a range of concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) at two growth stages: tuber initiation and tuber expansion. Established plants were able to tolerate 100mM NaCl but in younger plants 40mM was sufficient to retard plant growth severely. Nutrient analysis showed that plants were only able to exclude sodium at low concentrations. The foliar cyanogenic glucoside concentration in young plants increased under moderate salinity stress but was lower in plants grown at high salt. Importantly, there was no significant change in the cyanogenic glucoside concentration in the tubers. We propose that the mechanisms for salinity tolerance are age dependent, and that this can be traced to the relative cost of leaves in young and old plants.
Sulfur and zinc abundances of red giant stars†
Authors: Takeda Yoichi , Omiya Masashi , Harakawa Hiroki , Sato Bun'ei
Published: August 2016

Sulfur and zinc are chemically volatile elements, which play significant roles as depletion-free tracers in studying galactic chemical evolution. However, regarding red giants having evolved off the main sequence, reliable abundance determinations of S and Zn seem to be difficult, despite the several studies that have been reported so far. Given this situation, we tried to establish the abundances of these elements for an extensive sample of 239 field GK giants ( − 0.8 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ +0.2), by applying the spectrum-fitting technique to S i 8694–5, S i 6757, and Zn i 6362 lines and by taking into account the non-LTE effect. Besides, similar abundance analysis was done for 160 FGK dwarfs to be used for comparison. The non-LTE corrections for the S and Zn abundances derived from these lines turned out to be ≲ 0.1(–0.2) dex for most cases and not very significant. It revealed that the S i 6757 feature is more reliable as an abundance indicator than S i 8694–5 for the case of red giants, because the latter suffers blending of unidentified lines. The finally resulting [S/Fe]–[Fe/H] and [Zn/Fe]–[Fe/H] relations for GK giants were confirmed to be in good agreement with those for FGK dwarfs, indicating that S and Zn abundances of red giants are reliably determinable from the S i 6757 and Zn i 6362 lines. Accordingly, not only main-sequence stars but also evolved red giant stars are usable for tracing the chemical evolution history of S and Zn in the regime of disk metallicity by using these lines.