bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is the International Community Ready for the Next Pandemic Wave? A Legal Analysis of the Preparedness Rules Codified in Universal Instruments and of their Impact in the Light of the COVID-19 Experience
Authors: de Guttry Andrea
Published: July 2020

The international community generally recognizes the importance of adopting adequate, timely and continuously updated prevention measures to reduce the risk of global health emergencies and pandemics. Nevertheless, as demonstrated by COVID-19, with its assumed mutation capacity, even the most sophisticated preventive measures cannot avoid the spread of new diseases. States are expected, therefore, to adopt specific preparedness measures to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from the impacts of likely pandemics. These measures have gained increasing interest in many treaties all over the world. The present article investigates the international obligations codified in universal instruments related to the adoption of preparedness measures for potential pandemics. Carefully examining relevant international treaties as well as emerging soft-law instruments, it will attempt to answer a pertinent question that has been raised time and again in the past and continues to be raised during the current COVID-19 crisis: are the existing preparedness measures still relevant and adequate or have they become obsolete or misleading? Since more COVID-19 viral waves are expected to arrive in the next months, the urgency of adopting adequate preparedness measures is even more evident. Moreover, the article analyses the current worldwide challenges related to the national implementation of preparedness measures. Considering the innovative drugs and diagnostics that are currently available, and that we can count on new technology platforms that significantly reduce the time needed to develop vaccines, it argues that inaction can no longer be justified, whether in legal, political or moral terms.
Mathematical modeling of the frequencies of letters for their occurrence in corpora, words (types) and in the initial positions of words of corpora
Authors: Pande Hemlata
Published: July 2020

In the present paper an attempt has been made to determine the mathematical model for the frequencies of occurrence of letters in the corpora, in the word types of the corpora and in the initial positions of words of the corpora while both the word tokens and word types have been taken into account. In the current study corpora written in American English have been used by the selection of the entities from ‘The Open American National Corpus (OANC)’.
Adsorption dynamics of phenol by crab shell chitosan
Authors: Francis Asokogene Oluwadayo , Zaini Muhammad Abbas Ahmad , Muhammad Idris Misau , Abdulsalam Surajudeen , El-Nafaty Usman Aliyu
Published: July 2020

The performance of crab shell chitosan (600 µm) as prospective adsorbent for phenol removal was studied in dynamics mode. The chitosan adsorbent had specific surface area of 191 m2/g and showed the surface characteristics linked to amine/amide groups. The effects of operating conditions on phenol adsorption at different concentrations (100 and 200 mg/L), flow rates (2.17 and 2.90 mL/min) and bed heights (1.75 and 3.5 cm) were evaluated. Results showed that the maximum phenol adsorption capacity by the crab shell chitosan was recorded at 190 mg/g. Thomas, Yoon–Nelson and Adam–Bohart models displayed good correlation with experimental data, hence best described the dynamics breakthrough of phenol removal. External and internal diffusion were the rate controlling mechanism, while the entire system was predominated by a simultaneous steady state process of intraparticle diffusion and ionic interactions. The crab shell chitosan shows a promising potential as adsorbent for wastewater treatment.
Dynamic Simulation of Eastern Regional Grid of India using Power System Simulator for Engineering PSS®E
Authors: Gogoi Kamaljyoti , Chatterjee Saibal
Published: July 2020

Eastern Regional (ER) grid of India is one of the five regional grids consisting of voltage level 765 kV, 400 kV, 220 kV and numerous buses at lower voltage range. ER grid is the backbone of the Indian Grid as it is one of the main power generating hubs. Stability of the Indian Grid depends a lot on ER grid as it is the core of the generation and transmission system. For performing stability studies and to determine the weak area of the grid generally L-Index method is used. For detailed analysis like computation of voltage recovery time, maximum frequency deviation and critical clearing time of the buses of the system L-Index method is not suitable. Hence dynamic simulation is performed as it provides options to compute various parameters of ER Grid. The system has been studied using 197 buses of voltage levels 220 kV and above and transmission lines running over a length of 23,693 km. In this paper the power flow modelling, simulation and analysis of the Eastern Grid of India is performed. L-Index algorithm along with dynamic simulation provides the scope of computation of voltage recovery time, maximum frequency deviation and critical clearing time (by introducing an initial transient disturbance) along with the prediction of weak area of the system which gives a complete picture of transient stability of ER Grid.
Organic acid profiles, physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties of yoghurts produced by adding turpentine (Pistacia terebinthus L.) coffee
Authors: Kavaz Yüksel Arzu , Yüksel Mehmet
Published: July 2020

In the worldwide, the consumption of traditional coffees has been widely increased due to their distinctive aroma. Turpentine coffee (TC), known as “menengic coffee” is one of the most consumed coffees in the Turkey. The aim of this study was to produce a new and functional yoghurt using different concentrations of TC (0.5, 1 and 2%) and evaluated the effect of TC addition on the physicochemical and microbiological properties, colour values, organic acid profiles and sensory parameters of yoghurts during 21 days of storage at ±4 °C. The ash, protein, fat, viscosity, syneresis, titratable acidity and pH values, a* and b* colour properties, orotic, citric, lactic, acetic, butyric and propionic acid levels of yoghurts showed an increase with the increment of TC amount, while total solids, Lactobacillus delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus and yeast-mould counts, L* colour value, pyruvic acid amount and all observed sensory properties of yoghurts decreased. Total solids, ash, protein and syneresis values, L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus counts, L*, a* and b* colour parameters, appearance scores of yoghurts have shown almost similar changing during storage. Generally, all observed parameters showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.01; P < 0.05) with the addition of TC except for syneresis value, orotic, pyruvic, butyric and malic acid concentrations.
Functional principal component analysis for near-infrared spectral data: a case study on Tricholoma matsutakeis
Authors: Li Haoran , Pan Tianhong , Li Yuqiang , Chen Shan , Li Guoquan
Published: July 2020

Tricholoma matsutakeis (TM) is the most expensive edible fungi in China. Given its price and exclusivity, some dishonest merchants will sell adulterated TM by combining it with cheaper fungi in an attempt to earn more profits. This fraudulent behavior has broken food laws and violated consumer trust. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a rapid, accurate, and nondestructive tool to discriminate TM from other edible fungi. In this work, a novel detection algorithm combined with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and functional principal component analysis (FPCA) is proposed. Firstly, the raw NIR data were pretreated by locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) and multiplication scatter correction (MSC). Then, FPCA was used to extract valuable information from the preprocessed NIR data. Then, a classifier was designed by using the least-squares support-vector machine (LS-SVM) to distinguish categories of edible fungi. Furthermore, the one-versus-one (OVO) strategy was included and the binary LS-SVM was extended to a multi-class classifier. The 166 samples of four varieties of fungi were used to validate the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method has great capability in near infrared spectra classification, and the average accurate of FPCA-LSSVM is 97.3% which is greater than that of PCA-LSSVM (93.5%).
Facilitating and hindering experiences to the development of humanistic caring in the academic and clinical settings: an interpretive phenomenological study with nursing students and nurses
Authors: Létourneau Dimitri , Goudreau Johanne , Cara Chantal
Published: July 2020

Objectives

This paper reports on nursing students’ and nurses’ lived experiences mediating their development of humanistic caring.

Methods

Using interpretive phenomenology, 26 participants were individually interviewed. A five-stage phenomenological analysis based on Benner’s (Benner, P. (1994). Interpretive phenomenology: Embodiment, caring, and ethics in health and illness. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE) method occurred simultaneously.

Results

The analysis highlighted that the development of humanistic caring is affected by role models and counterexamples, environments in which humanistic caring is exalted or trivialized, communication-related courses, patient storytelling, and work overload.

Conclusions

It might be valuable to raise the awareness of nurse educators about their opportunity in shaping the development of students’ humanistic caring.
Boundary shape functions methods for solving the nonlinear singularly perturbed problems with Robin boundary conditions
Authors: Liu Chein-Shan , Chang Jiang-Ren
Published: July 2020

For a second-order nonlinear singularly perturbed boundary value problem (SPBVP), we develop two novel algorithms to find the solution, which automatically satisfies the Robin boundary conditions. For the highly singular nonlinear SPBVP the Robin boundary functions are hard to be fulfilled exactly. In the paper we first introduce the new idea of boundary shape function (BSF), whose existence is proven and it can automatically satisfy the Robin boundary conditions. In the BSF, there exists a free function, which leaves us a chance to develop new algorithms by adopting two different roles of the free function. In the first type algorithm we let the free functions be the exponential type bases endowed with fractional powers, which not only satisfy the Robin boundary conditions automatically, but also can capture the singular behavior to find accurate numerical solution by a simple collocation technique. In the second type algorithm we let the BSF be solution and the free function be another variable, such that we can transform the boundary value problem to an initial value problem (IVP) for the new variable, which can quickly find accurate solution for the nonlinear SPBVP through a few iterations.
The House of European History, Food for Thought and Reflection
Authors: Kesteloot Chantal
Published: July 2020

In May 2017, the House of European History opened its doors in Brussels. Long awaited, this new museum represents a small revolution in the museum landscape. It stands out both because of the scale of the project - the history of Europe - and the specific role given to each visitor. The idea is not to impose a narrative on the visitor, but to encourage critical understanding. Visitors should be led to question the concept of Europe from its beginnings, but also explore what unites Europe. The museum's designers focused on the concept of memory, which unites and divides at the same time. Through six chronological sections, the visitor is invited to revisit Europe at a time when it seems more than ever in crisis.
The Neo-Babylonian Empire: The Imperial Periphery as Seen from the Centre
Authors: Levavi Yuval
Published: July 2020

The paper examines the cuneiform evidence from sixth-century Babylonia (and beyond) for information on the form and aims of Neo-Babylonian imperial rule over its western provinces. While new texts, which hitherto have not been considered in this context, can be brought to bear on the issue, direct evidence from these provinces is still scarce. These documents will thus be supplemented by drawing on the rich information concerning state institutions and resource extraction in the imperial centre. It is argued that in the first half of the Neo-Babylonian period, until ca. 585 BCE, Babylonian imperial rule in the western periphery can be conceptualized primarily as a straightforward exploitative tributary regime. From about the mid-reign of Nebuchadnezzar onwards, however, there is a shift towards a more sustainable resource extraction through the creation of stable pockets of Babylonian presence in the periphery. This diachronic shift was meant to steady and organize the initial ad hoc Babylonian approach. These measures, however, did not prevail, and the chaotic years which followed the 43 years reign of Nebuchadnezzar illustrate the fragility of the relatively short-lived Babylonian imperial age.
Beneficial role of central anticholinergic agent in preventing the development of symptoms in mouse model of post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Kaur Ravjot , Jaggi Amteshwar Singh , Bali Anjana
Published: July 2020

Objectives

The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of trihexyphenidyl, a central anticholinergic drug, in preventing the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a mouse model.

Methods

Mice were subjected to underwater trauma stress for 30 s on day 1 followed by three situational reminders (3rd, 7th and 14th day). Thereafter, the behavioral alterations including freezing behavior were noted on 21st day. The serum corticosterone levels were measured as a biochemical marker of trauma. Elevated plus maze test was done on day 1 and day 2 to assess the memory formation following exposure to trauma.

Results

Trauma and situational reminders were associated with a significant development of behavioral changes and freezing behavior on the 21st day. Moreover, there was also a significant decrease in the serum corticosterone levels. A single administration of trihexyphenidyl (2 and 5 mg/kg) significantly restored trauma associated-behavioral changes and serum corticosterone levels. Moreover, it significantly increased the transfer latency time on day 2 following stress exposure in comparison to normal mice suggesting the inhibition of memory formation during trauma exposure. Trihexyphenidyl also led to significant reduction in freezing behavior in response to situational reminders again suggesting the inhibition of formation of aversive fear memory.

Conclusion

The blockade of central muscarinic receptors may block the formation of aversive memory during the traumatic event, which may be manifested in form of decreased contextual fear response during situational reminders. Central anticholinergic agents may be potentially useful as prophylactic agents in preventing the development of PTSD symptoms.
Effect of dexamethasone on the expression of MMPs, adenosine A1 receptors and NFKB by human trabecular meshwork cells
Authors: Mohd Nasir Normie Aida , Agarwal Renu , Krasilnikova Anna , Sheikh Abdul Kadir Siti Hamimah , Iezhitsa Igor
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Steroid-induced ocular hypertension and glaucoma are associated with extracellular matrix remodeling at the trabecular meshwork (TM) of the eye due to reduced secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of enzymes regulating extracellular matrix proteolysis. Several biological functions of steroids are known to involve regulation of adenosine A1 receptors (A1AR) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB). Since MMPs expression in TM has been shown to be regulated by A1AR as well as transcription factors, it is likely that dexamethasone-induced changes in aqueous humor dynamics involve reduced MMP and A1AR expression and reduced NFKB activation. Hence, the current study investigated the association of dexamethasone-induced reduction in MMP secretion with reduced NFKB activation and A1AR expression.

Methods

Human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs) were characterized by estimating myocilin and alpha smooth muscle actin expression and then were treated with dexamethasone 100 nM for 2, 5 and 7 days. The MMP secretion was estimated in culture media using Western blot. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and ELISA were done to investigate the effect of dexamethasone on NFKB phosphorylation. A1AR expression in HTMCs was determined using Western blot and ELISA.

Results

Dexamethasone caused a significant reduction in both MMP-2 and -9 expression compared to untreated group after five and seven days but not after two days of culture. Significantly reduced phosphorylated NFKB and A1AR protein levels were detected in dexamethasone treated compared to vehicle treated HTMCs after five days of culture.

Conclusions

Dexamethasone reduces MMP-2 and -9 secretion by HTMCs and this effect of dexamethasone is associated with reduced NFKB phosphorylation and A1AR expression.
The deal.II library, Version 9.2
Authors: Arndt Daniel , Bangerth Wolfgang , Blais Bruno , Clevenger Thomas C. , Fehling Marc , Grayver Alexander V. , Heister Timo , Heltai Luca , Kronbichler Martin , Maier Matthias , Munch Peter , Pelteret Jean-Paul , Rastak Reza , Tomas Ignacio , Turcksin Bruno , Wang Zhuoran , Wells David
Published: July 2020

This paper provides an overview of the new features of the finite element library deal.II, version 9.2.
Influence of FTO (Fat mass and obesity) gene and parental obesity on Brazilian children and adolescents adiposity
Authors: Todendi Pâmela Ferreira , Martínez J. Alfredo , Reuter Cézane P. , Klinger Elisa I. , Fiegenbaum Marilu , Rosane de Moura Valim Andreia
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Evaluate the influence of the genetic variant rs9939609 of the FTO gene on anthropometric characteristics and whether parental obesity is related to children and adolescents being overweight.

Methods

A total of 2,364 children and adolescents between 6 and 17 years old were genotyped and the lipid profile, plasma glucose level, and anthropometric characteristics were measured to assess adiposity.

Results

The AA genotype (risk) was associated with higher body mass index (BMI Z-score; p = 0.006), waist circumference (WC; p = 0.001), and triglycerides (p = 0.033). The association of the participants’ adiposity characteristics with the parents’ BMI and FTO genotypes showed an association of the BMI Z-score when either the mother or father was overweight or obese (p = 0.028 and p = 0.029). In the overweight or obese father/eutrophic mother, we also observe an association of FTO rs9939609 with WC (p = 0.039). The effect of these variables on the risk of obesity was also tested: overweight or obese mother (OR = 1.82, p = 0.041), overweight and obese parents (OR = 3.09, p < 0.0001), and FTO rs9939609 AA genotype (OR = 2.08, p = 0.0004) were associated. With regard to altered WC and high body fat percentage (BF%), either overweight or obese parents (OR = 2.39, p < 0.0001; OR = 1.92, p < 0.002) showed an association. The FTO rs9939609 AA genotype (OR = 1.99, p = 0.0002) was associated with altered WC.

Conclusions

The results show that parental weight also contributes to obesity and may interact with the FTO genetic make-up.
The relation of serum endocan and soluble endoglin levels with metabolic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Anık Ayşe , Çelik Elif , Çevik Özge , Ünüvar Tolga , Anık Ahmet
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of vascular disease in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In the present study, we aimed to investigate serum endocan and soluble endoglin (S-endoglin) levels, and their relation with metabolic control in children with T1DM, which was not previously assessed.

Methods

A total of 64 T1DM subjects and 64 healthy subjects were included in this study. Their anthropometric features, arterial blood pressures, pubertal status, insulin doses were recorded. Glycated hemoglobin, serum endocan and S-endoglin levels were measured and compared to each other.

Results

Serum endocan and S-endoglin levels were higher in children with T1DM than those of healthy group (p<0.01). Significant positive correlation was detected between both endocan and S-endoglin (r=0.579, p<0.001); and HbA1c and endocan (r=0.296, p=0.01). Compared to patients with good metabolic control, those with poorer metabolic control (HbA1c > 8%) had an older age, longer duration of diabetes, higher number of pubertal children. Also, patients with poorer metabolic control had higher endocan and S-endoglin levels than those of healthy group, but this finding did not reach statistical significance. There was no correlation between the endocan/S-endoglin levels and age, duration of diabetes and insulin dose.

Conclusion

Serum levels of endocan and S-endoglin which are novel biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction are high in children with T1DM. Elevated serum endocan and endoglin levels in children with T1DM without microvascular complications indicates endothelial damage in very early stages of the disease.
Clinical management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnancy: recommendations of WAPM-World Association of Perinatal Medicine
Authors: Api Oluş , Sen Cihat , Debska Marzena , Saccone Gabriele , D’Antonio Francesco , Volpe Nicola , Yayla Murat , Esin Sertac , Turan Sifa , Kurjak Asım , Chervenak Frank
Published: July 2020

These guidelines follow the mission of the World Association of Perinatal Medicine, which brings together groups and individuals throughout the world with the goal of improving outcomes of maternal, fetal and neonatal (perinatal) patients. Guidelines for auditing, evaluation, and clinical care in perinatal medicine enable physicians diagnose, treat and follow-up of COVID-19-exposed pregnant women. These guidelines are based on quality evidence in the peer review literature as well as the experience of perinatal expert throughout the world. Physicians are advised to apply these guidelines to the local realities which they face. We plan to update these guidelines as new evidence become available.
Gain-induced scattering anomalies of diffractive metasurfaces
Authors: Kolkowski Radoslaw , Koenderink A. Femius
Published: July 2020

Photonic nanostructures with gain and loss have long been of interest in the context of diverse scattering anomalies and light-shaping phenomena. Here, we investigate the scattering coefficients of simple gain-doped diffractive metasurfaces, revealing pairs of scattering anomalies surrounded by phase vortices in frequency–momentum space. These result from an interplay between resonant gain, radiative loss, and interference effects in the vicinity of Rayleigh anomalies. We find similar vortices and singular points of giant amplification in angle-resolved reflectivity spectra of prism-coupled gain slabs. Our findings could be of interest for gain-induced wavefront shaping by all-dielectric metasurfaces, possibly employing gain coefficients as low as ∼50 cm−1.
Origin of dispersive line shapes in plasmon-enhanced stimulated Raman scattering microscopy
Authors: Zong Cheng , Cheng Ji-Xin
Published: July 2020

Plasmon-enhanced stimulated Raman scattering (PESRS) microscopy has been recently developed to reach single-molecule detection limit. Unlike conventional stimulated Raman spectra, dispersive-like vibrational line shapes were observed in PESRS. Here, we propose a theoretical model together with a phasor diagram to explain the observed dispersive-like line shapes reported in our previous study. We show that the local enhanced electromagnetic field induced by the plasmonic nanostructure interferes with the molecular dipole-induced field, resulting in the dispersive profiles of PESRS. The exact shape of the profile depends on the phase difference between the plasmonic field and the molecular dipole field. We compared plasmon-enhanced stimulated Raman loss (PESRL) and plasmon-enhanced stimulated Raman gain (PESRG) signals under the same pump and Stokes laser wavelength. The PESRL and PESRG signals exhibit similar signal magnitudes, whereas their spectral line shapes show reversed dispersive profiles, which is in an excellent agreement with our theoretical prediction. Meanwhile, we verify that the nonresonant background in PESRS mainly originates from the photothermal effect. These new insights help the proper use of PESRS for nanoscale bio-imaging and ultrasensitive detection.
The crystal structure of 8a-methoxy 8a-methoxy-1,5,8a,9a-tetrahydro-4H-8,9-dioxa-3a1λ4-aza-8aλ4, C18H14BNO3
Authors: Ding Siyi , Ma Qiang , Zhu Min , Miao Zongcheng
Published: July 2020

C18H14BNO3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.2580(17) Å, b = 11.950(2) Å, c = 13.076(2) Å, β = 99.150(2)°, V = 1428.2(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0412, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1087, T = 100 K.
Measurement of serum creatinine levels with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: comparison with Jaffe and enzymatic methods
Authors: Yildirimel Mehmet , Atalar Mehmet Nuri , Abusoglu Sedat , Eryavuz Onmaz Duygu , Sivrikaya Abdullah , Abusoglu Gulsum , Unlu Ali
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Our aim was to validate a mass spectrometric creatinine method and compare this method with Jaffe and enzymatic serum creatinine methods.

Methods

90 samples were included. The levels were classified into three groups according to serum creatinine results as Group 1: Lower (n=30) (0.16–0.59 mg/dL), Group 2: Normal (n=30) (0.62–1.18 mg/dL) and Group 3: Higher (n=30) (1.33–3.88 mg/dL). Jaffe and enzymatic creatinine measurements were performed on the Beckman Coulter AU5800 autoanalyzer.

Results

Serum creatinine was linear from 0.039 up to 10 mg/dL, CV and bias values were ranged between 1.9–3.8% and 2–15%. Correlation coefficients were 0.990 (95% confidence interval 0.984–0.993), 0.992 (95% confidence interval 0.988–0.995) and 0.994 (95% confidence interval 0.991–0.996) for LC-MS/MS-Enzymatic, LC-MS/MS-Jaffe and Enzymatic-Jaffe, respectively.

Conclusions

Although, Jaffe method for serum creatinine measurement is still much more practical and cheap, so in use for routine practice, tandem mass spectrometric detection of serum creatinine can be used as an accurate and specific method for verification of discordant clinical results, existence of possible interferences and serum levels under 0.5 mg/dL creatinine results such as pediatric or pregnant populations.
Inhibition of apoptosis may lead to the development of bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma cancer cells
Authors: Öksüzoğlu Emine , Kozalak Gül
Published: July 2020

Background

Multiple myeloma (MM), a malignancy of plasma cells, is the second most prevalent hematological cancer. Bortezomib is the most effective chemotherapeutic drug used in treatment. However, drug-resistance prevents success of chemotherapy. One of the factors causing drug-resistance is dysfunction of apoptotic-pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and p-53 genes involved in apoptosis and the development of bortezomib-resistance in MM cell lines.

Materials and methods

Multiple myeloma KMS20 (bortezomib-resistant) and KMS28 (bortezomib-sensitive) cell lines were used. 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl] 1-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to determine IC50 values of bortezomib. RNAs were isolated from bortezomib-treated cell lines, followed by cDNA synthesis. Expression levels of the genes were analyzed by using q-Realtime-PCR.

Results

As a result, Bcl-2/Bax ratio was higher in KMS20 (resistant) cells than in KMS28 (sensitive) cells. Expression of caspase-3 decreased in KMS20-cells, whereas increased in KMS28-cells. The results indicate that apoptosis was suppressed in resistant cells.

Conclusion

These findings will enable us to understand the molecular mechanisms leading to drug-resistance in MM cells and to develop new methods to prevent the resistance. Consequently, preventing the development of bortezomib resistance by eliminating the factors which suppress apoptosis may be a new hope for MM treatment.
Vibrational sum-frequency generation study of molecular structure, sterical constraints and nonlinear optical switching contrast of mixed alkyl-azobenzene self-assembled monolayers
Authors: Riaz Saira , Friedrichs Gernot
Published: July 2020

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of azobenzene (AB) functionalized alkyl thiols on gold diluted with simple alkyl thiols provide a straightforward way to photochromic surfaces with high and tunable photoswitching efficiency.Trans-cisisomerization of the AB molecule changes the physical properties of the surface, including the nonlinear optical (NLO) response. Vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy as a nonlinear type of laser spectroscopy offers surface- and orientation-sensitive insight into the molecular structure of mixed SAMs. In this study, VSFG as well as ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy has been employed to investigate the morphology, molecular structure, and NLO response of mixed SAMs with systematically varied surface composition. Methylazobenzene (MeAB) has been used as the molecular switch with the methyl substituent serving as orientational VSFG marker. Both short-chain and long-chain alkyl thiol co-ligands have been used to gain insight into the interplay between SAM structure and sterical constraints that are known to limit the free switching volume. Underlining the dominating role of sterical effects for controlling photochromic properties, a strong inhibition of the photoswitching efficiency and NLO response has been observed for the SAMs with an alkyl thiol co-ligand long enough to spatially extend into the layer of the MeAB chromophore. Overall, with <12% signal change, the relative NLO switching contrasts remained low in all cases. VSFG spectral trends clearly revealed that the presumably higher photoswitching efficiency upon dilution with the co-ligand is counteracted by a loss of structural order of the chromophore.
Die soziale Sicherung geringfügig Beschäftigter: Zur Bedeutung individueller Erwerbspräferenzen in Zeiten flexibilisierter Arbeit
Authors: Beckmann Fabian
Published: July 2020

Minijobs haben sich als stabiles Arbeitsmarktsegment etabliert, werden jedoch seit Langem als Quelle sozialer Sicherungslücken kritisiert – vor allem, da sie nur selten als Sprungbrett in reguläre Beschäftigung fungieren. Dies hängt auch damit zusammen, dass viele Beschäftigte trotz zahlreicher Risiken dieser Erwerbsform keinen beruflichen Aufstieg wünschen. Während dies bislang primär auf institutionelle Fehlanreize zurückgeführt wurde, untersucht der Beitrag auf Basis einer quantitativen Erhebung die individuellen Erwerbspräferenzen geringfügig Beschäftigter und ihre Prädikatoren. Die Befunde untermauern, dass die Erwerbspräferenzen im Kontrast zur Normalarbeit stehen. Die Gründe sind jedoch nicht ausschließlich institutioneller Natur, sondern schließen die Arbeitsbedingungen, die subjektive Wahrnehmung des Arbeitsplatzes und der Lebenslage sowie individuelle Motive zur Aufnahme eines Minijobs mit ein. Folglich muss die sozialpolitischeGovernancevon Minijobs auch zukünftig kritisch, jedoch mit anderer Fokussierung debattiert werden.
ANTERİOR DİASTEMALARIN DİREKT KOMPOZİT REZİN RESTORASYONLARLA ESTETİK REHABİLİTASYONU: 5 OLGU SUNUMU
Authors: YILDIRIM Handan , ÖZYURT Esra
Published: July 2020

Amaç: Diş hekimliğinde
estetik problemlerin büyük bir kısmını ön bölgede görülen renk, şekil, yapı ve
konum bozuklukları oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle diastemalar, hastaların ortak
estetik şikayetlerinden biridir. Yaygın
görülebilen bu tür estetik problemleri ortadan kaldırmak amacıyla uygulanan ve
ortodontik, protetik, restoratif işlemleri içeren farklı tedavi prosedürleri
mevcuttur. Direkt kompozit restorasyonlar, estetik
olmayan dişler arası boşlukların kapatılması için konservatif, pratik ve düşük
maliyetli bir tedavi seçeneğidir.Bu olgu sunumunda dişlerindeki diastema ve polidiastemaya bağlı estetik
şikayetle kliniğimize başvuran hastalara, direkt kompozit rezin ile uygulanan
restoratif tedavi işlemlerinin anlatılması amaçlandı. Bulgular: Restorasyonların tamamlanmasının
ardından, hastaların 3-6 ve 12 aylık periyodik takip randevuları gerçekleştirildi.
Takipler sonucunda yapılan restorasyonların estetik başarısının klinik olarak
kabul edilebilir ölçüde olduğu görüldü.Sonuçlar: Direkt kompozit rezin restorasyonların
diastema kapatma için uygun maliyetli, kolay uygulanabilir ve klinik olarak
başarılı olduğu söylenebilir.Anahtar Kelimeler: dental restorasyon, diastema, estetik, kompozit rezin
Hidroksiklorokin Sülfat Kaynaklı Plazma Hücreli Gingivitis: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: SAĞLAM Mehmet , HASANZADE Türkel
Published: July 2020

Plazma
hücreli gingivitis, dişeti bağ dokusunda yoğun plazma hücresi infiltrasyonu, klinik
olarak sınırları belirgin eritematöz, ödematöz dişeti ile karakterize olan dişetinin
etiyolojisi tam bilinmeyen nadir görülen benign bir durumudur. Dişeti kızarık,
yumuşak bazen granüler görünür ve kolay kanar. Plazma hücreli gingivitisin
allerjik menşeyli olduğu düşünülmektedir ve muhtemelen sakız, dişmacunu ya da
çeşitli gıdalardaki bileşenlerle ilişkili olabilir. Maruz kalınan allerjenin
kesilmesi ile lezyon iyileşmektedir. Bu olgu sunumunda, 62
yaşındaki bayan hasta dişetlerinde kanama ve kızarıklık nedeni ile kliniğimize başvurdu.
Faz
I periodontal tedaviden 1 hafta sonra dişetlerinde bariz eritem mevcuttu.
Alınan biyopsi örneklerinin histopatolojik analizi sonucu plazma hücreli
gingivitis teşhisi kondu. Allerjen olarak plazma hücreli gingivitise neden olan
hidroksiklorokin isimli antiromatizmal ilacın kesilmesi sonucu dişetlerinde tam
iyileşme gözlendi.
KLORHEKSİDİN GLUKONATIN DEBONDİNG SONRASI BAKTERİYEMİ OLUŞUMUNA ETKİSİ
Authors: AKBULUT Yasin
Published: July 2020

Amaç:
Bu
çalışmanın amacı ortodontik tedavi bitiminde yapılan debonding işlemi
sonrasında kullanılan % 0.12 klorheksidin glukonat içerikli gargaranın bakteriyemi
oluşumuna etkisinin araştırılmasıdır.

Gereçler ve Yöntemler: Sabit
ortodontik tedavi gören ve debonding endikasyonu olan hastalar arasından her
grup için 15 hasta olmak üzere, hiç gargara kullanmayan (kontrol grubu) ve % 0.12
klorheksidin glukonat içerikli gargara kullanan (deney grubu) hastalar
arasından toplamda 30 hasta çalışma için seçilerek 2 grup oluşturuldu.

Debonding
işlemi öncesinde (T0) ve debonding işleminin hemen sonrasında (T1)
hastaların antekübital venlerinden kan örnekleri alındı. Alınan kan
örneklerinin kan kültür şişesine ekimi yapılarak bakteri üremesi olup olmadığı
araştırıldı.

Bulgular:
Sonuçlara göre, T0’da alınan kan örneklerinin hiçbirinde bakteri
üremesi olmazken T1’de alınan kan örnekleri arasında kontrol
grubundaki farklı hastalarda sırasıyla Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus
mutans, Streptococcus salivarius ve Streptococcus mitis üremesi
olmuştur. Deney grubunda ise herhangi bir üreme tespit edilmemiştir.
Kontrol grubu ile deney grubu arasındaki sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı
(p<.001) bulunmuştur.

Sonuçlar: Sonuç
olarak kontrol grubuyla kıyaslandığında % 0.12 klorheksidin glukonat içerikli
gargara istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (p<.001)
bulunmuş olup, risk grubundaki hastalarda debonding işlemleri öncesinde ağız florasındaki bakteri yoğunluğunu azaltmak amacıyla
kullanılabilir.

Anahtar
kelimeler: Debonding, Bakteriyemi, Klorheksidin glukonat
O papel das emoções no processo de tomada de decisão moral diante de conflitos bioéticos
Authors: Marim Caroline Izidoro
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo mostrar o papel crucial das emoções nas tomadas de decisões morais e sua contribuição na solução de conflitos bioéticos. Ao contrário da tese racional, as tomadas de decisão morais demandam a colaboração entre razão e emoção, ou nos termos dos estudos em Metaética, cognição e emoção. Por meio da análise da teoria de Antônio Damásio, teses de filósofas morais feministas, como Kathryn Pyne Addelson, entre outras, pretendemos refutar as recorrentes teses bioéticas conservadoras cuja autoridade moral é erroneamente delegada à racionalidade em detrimento das emoções.
Das Unheimliche: uma inquietante hesitação estética
Authors: Dos Santos Marcelo Leandro
Published: July 2020

Este artigo disserta sobre alguns pontos presentes no texto Das Unheimliche (1919), de Sigmund Freud. A partir de uma meta-análise filosófica, procura-se explicitar as intenções não aparentes de Freud com sua análise do termo Unheimliche. Determinadas particularidades da abordagem freudiana são observadas desvendando relações estéticas na construção de sentido do espírito próprio da psicanálise. Uma eventual aproximação dialética com a Teoria Crítica ajudará a identificar, nesse jogo de relações, a importância de conteúdos marginalizados pela história do conhecimento que são revitalizados por Freud.
Contra os limites da linguagem, a ética da imagem
Authors: Pelbart Peter Pál
Published: July 2020

Como nos autistas com quem trabalhou por muitos anos, para Fernand Deligny a imagem se contrapõe à linguagem pois recusa aquilo que esta carrega: sentido, mensagem, finalidade, palavras de ordem. Na sua teorização sobre o estatuto da imagem, Deligny dá a essa recusa uma dimensão ética e política.
Judith Butler: um formidável “erro” de tradução
Authors: Milone Jerônimo
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo aborda um acontecimento recente ao redor de um problema babélico e, por conseguinte, literário, com o intuito de esclarecer os limites e os poderes da tradução. Não apenas é sabido que a responsabilidade de um tradutor está ligada a critérios empregados em escolhas atinentes às palavras, respeitando ou não a plurívoca matiz de seus significados e, detrás (ou diante) disso, seu sentido, mas, também, o tradutor escolhe, ao traduzir, aquilo que não deve ser traduzido, aquilo que, em determinados contextos, só é dito mantendo-se à distância.
Analiza tekstów literacko-muzycznych na studiach wyższych (?) Na przykładzie wierszy Stanisława Barańczaka
Authors: Łopatka-Koneczny Paulina
Published: July 2020

Cel badań: Ukazanie sposobów i możliwości wykorzystania różnego typu metod badawczych służących analizie i interpretacji tekstów poetyckich, które zawierają elementy muzyczne (odwołania, cytaty muzyczne, interteksty).

Metody badań: Analiza tekstów naukowych traktujących o utworach literacko-muzycznych. Analiza filologiczna i muzykologiczna wierszy Barańczaka. Elementy metody heurystycznej.

Wyniki badań: Można odnotować badania łączące muzykologiczne i literaturoznawcze metody analizy tekstów, lecz jest ich niewiele.

Z uwagi na występowanie tekstów pogranicznych, eksperymentalnych istnieje potrzeba kształcenia, które z gruntu byłoby interdyscyplinarne.

Wiersze Barańczaka (szczególnie te, pochodzące z tomu Podróż zimowa) powinno się badać dwutorowo: muzykologicznie i filologicznie, by móc je poddać interpretacji. Wykorzystywanie w badaniach omawianych tekstów wyłącznie jednej z metod nie daje pełnego obrazu dzieła i pozbawia je zasadniczego kontekstu.

Wnioski: Do właściwej interpretacji wierszy, które uwikłane są w muzyczne konteksty, potrzebne są analizy interdyscyplinarne, łączące metody literaturoznawcze i muzykologiczne. Niestety tego typu analiz jest niewiele.
Postrzeganie międzypokoleniowe młodych dorosłych i seniorów
Authors: Kostrzewa Anna
Published: July 2020

Celem pracy było sprawdzenie tego jaki stosunek przejawiają do siebie młodzi dorośli oraz seniorzy, a także to jak postrzegają oni grupy własne. 

W badaniu udział wzięły 54 osoby, 27-u młodych dorosłych oraz 27-u seniorów. Wiek osób badanych: młodych dorosłych 20-30 lat (M=22,41; SD=2,39), seniorów: 60-79 lat (M=67,48; SD=4,77). Zastosowano metodę badań kwestionariuszowych. Dyspozycyjny optymizm mierzono przy użyciu Testu Orientacji Życiowe - LOT –R. W celu zmierzenia jak osoby charakteryzują siebie i opisują innych stworzono dwa kwestionariusze autorskie, w których osoby badane udzielały odpowiedzi na 32 pozycjach w każdym teście. W pierwszym z nich należało się odnieść do opisu charakterystyki własnej, a w drugim do opisu innych osób. W tym przypadku osoby młode miały za zadanie opisać grupę senioralną, natomiast seniorzy młode pokolenia.

Na podstawie wyników badań dotyczących opisu osób w wieku senioralnym przez osoby młode oraz osób młodych przez seniorów wynika, że grupa senioralna ocenia wyżej młodych dorosłych niż młodzi dorośli oceniają seniorów. Młodzi dorośli oceniają wyżej siebie niż seniorów. Z kolei młodzi dorośli posiadający dziadków i mający z nimi dobry kontakt, wyżej oceniali seniorów.
Fe de errata
Authors: Quirós Garita Marcela Adriana
Published: July 2020

Nota aclaratoria respecto al licenciamiento de documentos publicados en Ingeniería: Revista de la Universidad de Costa Rica
Filling distribution gaps: new records of the Brazilian Porcupine, Coendou prehensilis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia, Rodentia), in 10 departments of Colombia
Authors: Ramírez-Chaves Héctor E. , López-Ordóñez Juan Pablo , Aya-Cuero Carlos A. , Velásquez-Guarín Daniela , Cardona-Giraldo Alexandra , Atuesta-Dimian Natalia , Morales-Martínez Darwin M. , Rodriguez-Posada Miguel E.
Published: July 2020

The Brazilian Porcupine, Coendou prehensilis (Linnaeus, 1758), is the most widespread species of Coendou Lacépède, 1799 in South America, but little is known on its natural history, ecology and distribution. In Colombia, it has been reported in the lowlands and inter-Andean valleys of 18 continental departments, but there are still gaps on its distribution, natural history and ecology. We present new distribution records and add information of the presence of C. prehensilis in 10 additional departments of Colombia located at the Amazonia, Orinoco, Peri-Caribbean Arid Belt, and North Andean Biogeographic provinces. We suggest that C. prehensilis is the most widespread species in the lowlands of Colombia, although it does not occur in the Biogeographic Chocó and in the inter-Andean medium and high valleys of the Cauca and Magdalena rivers.
An Introduction to Seshat
Authors: Turchin Peter , Whitehouse Harvey , François Pieter , Hoyer Daniel , Alves Abel , Baines John , Baker David , Bartkowiak Marta , Bates Jennifer , Bennett James , Bidmead Julye , Bol Peter , Ceccarelli Alessandro , Christakis Kostis , Christian David , Covey Alan , De Angelis Franco , Earle Timothy K. , Edwards Neil R. , Feinman Gary , Grohmann Stephanie , Holden Philip B. , Júlíusson Árni , Korotayev Andrey , Kristinsson Axel , Larson Jennifer , Litwin Oren , Mair Victor , Manning Joseph G. , Manning Patrick , Marciniak Arkadiusz , McMahon Gregory , Miksic John , Garcia Juan Carlos Moreno , Morris Ian , Mostern Ruth , Mullins Daniel , Oyebamiji Oluwole , Peregrine Peter , Petrie Cameron , Preiser-Kapeller Johannes , Rudiak-Gould Peter , Sabloff Paula , Savage Patrick , Spencer Charles , Stark Miriam , Ter Haar Barend , Thurner Stefan , Wallace Vesna , Witoszek Nina , Xie Liye
Published: July 2020

This article introduces the Seshat: Global History Databank, its potential, and its methodology. Seshat is a databank containing vast amounts of quantitative data buttressed by qualitative nuance for a large sample of historical and archaeological polities. The sample is global in scope and covers the period from the Neolithic Revolution to the Industrial Revolution. Seshat allows scholars to capture dynamic processes and to test theories about the co-evolution (or not) of social scale and complexity, agriculture, warfare, religion, and any number of such Big Questions. Seshat is rapidly becoming a massive resource for innovative cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary research. Seshat is part of a growing trend to use comparative historical data on a large scale and contributes as such to a growing consilience between the humanities and social sciences. Seshat is underpinned by a robust and transparent workflow to ensure the ever growing dataset is of high quality.
Checkpoint Blockade Treatment May Sensitize Hodgkin Lymphoma to Subsequent Therapy
Authors: Carreau Nicole A. , Pail Orrin , Armand Philippe , Merryman Reid , Advani Ranjana H. , Spinner Michael A. , Herrera Alex , Chen Robert , Tomassetti Sarah , Ramchandren Radhakrishnan , Hamid Muhammad S. , Assouline Sarit , Santiago Raoul , Wagner-Johnston Nina , Paul Suman , Svoboda Jakub , Bair Steven , Barta Stefan , Liu Yang , Nathan Sunita , Karmali Reem , Burkart Madelyn , Torka Pallawi , David Kevin , Wei Catherine , Lansigan Frederick , Emery Lukas , Persky Daniel , Smith Sonali , Godfrey James , Chavez Julio , Xia Yuhe , Troxel Andrea B. , Diefenbach Catherine
Published: July 2020

Background

Targeted therapies and checkpoint blockade therapy (CBT) have shown efficacy for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in the relapsed and refractory (R/R) setting, but once discontinued owing to progression or side effects, it is unclear how successful further therapies will be. Moreover, there are no data on optimal sequencing of these treatments with standard therapies and other novel agents. In a multicenter, retrospective analysis, we investigated whether exposure to CBT could sensitize HL to subsequent therapy.

Materials and Methods

Seventeen centers across the U.S. and Canada retrospectively queried medical records for eligible patients. The primary aim was to evaluate the overall response rate (ORR) to post-CBT treatment using the Lugano criteria. Secondary aims included progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response, and overall survival (OS).

Results

Eighty-one patients were included. Seventy-two percent had stage III–IV disease, and the population was heavily pretreated with a median of four therapies before CBT. Most patients (65%) discontinued CBT owing to progression. The ORR to post-CBT therapy was 62%, with a median PFS of 6.3 months and median OS of 21 months. Post-CBT treatment regimens consisted of chemotherapy (44%), targeted agents (19%), immunotherapy (15%), transplant conditioning (14%), chemotherapy/targeted combination (7%), and clinical trials (1%). No significant difference in OS was found when stratified by post-CBT regimen.

Conclusion

In a heavily pretreated R/R HL population, CBT may sensitize patients to subsequent treatment, even after progression on CBT. Post-CBT regimen category did not impact OS. This may be a novel treatment strategy, which warrants further investigation in prospective clinical trials.
Construction of a large oedometer for MSW and non-conventional materials testing
Authors: Anunciação Leandro G. , Machado Sandro L. , Carvalho Miriam de Fátima
Published: July 2020

The design, construction and evaluation of a large consolidometer for testing municipal solid waste (MSW) and other non-conventional materials is proposed. The apparatus features leachate recirculation and biogas production monitoring. Furthermore, it is equipped with moisture content sensors, suction and at-rest lateral earth pressure measuring capabilities. Fresh MSW samples were collected from a metropolitan centre landfill and were used to test performance and conduct MSW mechanical behaviour analyses. Values of vertical stress (σz) ranging from 10 to 1000 kPa were employed in the test, which lasted for approximately 1 year. The results show that the secondary compression index was affected by sample saturation and that biogas composition acted as an indicator of the MSW phase of decomposition. Lateral earth pressure at rest values increased with σz, although they decreased over time for the same loading stage. Values of primary compression and swelling indexes (cc and ce, respectively) are close to those reported in the literature for similar material.