bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Highly-Efficient Coding Approaches in Quasi-Integer Ratio Time-Expanded ΦOTDR
Authors: Escobar-Vera Camilo , Soriano-Amat Miguel , Martins Hugo F. , Martin-Lopez Sonia , Gonzalez-Herraez Miguel , Fernández-Ruiz María R.
Published: February 2024

Quasi-integer-ratio time-expanded phase-sensitive OTDR schemes relied on automatic deconvolution coding techniques at the cost of giving up SNR optimization. A novel methodology enables surpassing this limitation by analyzing the fiber as a time variant system.
Generic Normalization method for Balanced-Detection Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analyzers
Authors: Jin Simeng , Lu Yifeng , Yang Zhisheng , Hong Xiaobin , Wu Jian
Published: February 2024

A generic normalization method for the balanced-detection Brillouin optical time-domain analyzer is proposed, capable of precisely retrieving the Brillouin gain at any magnitude without imposing penalty on the sensing performance.
Accurate measurement for high-pressure based on fiber optic Fabry-Perot sensing technique
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Wang Shuang , Jiang Junfeng , Bai Yuquan , Dai Xiaoshuang , Yang Haokun , Li Xueping , Tan Ke , Liu Tiegen
Published: February 2024

A technique for high-accuracy pressure measurement in the range of 11-109 MPa is demonstrated. It involves an encapsulated Fabry-Perot sensor and a spectral interrogation system. The full-scale errors are less than 0.05 % F.S.
Novel Optical Fiber Sensor for Explosive (Trinitrophenol) Detection
Authors: Banoo Fatima , Chanu M. Anita , Iyer P. K. , Khijwania Sunil K.
Published: February 2024

Novel optical fiber explosive (TNP) sensor employing a novel polymer receptor sensing cladding is reported. Sensor is based on evanescent wave absorption technique and exhibits highly sensitive and selective linear response with LOD of 4ppb.
Noise Reduction of Distributed Acoustic Sensor for Downhole Flow Monitoring
Authors: Tan Guozhen , Liu Fei , Huang Xin , Zhou Tong , Zeng Hao , Zhu Guo , Zhou Xian
Published: February 2024

A multi-step joint noise reduction method is proposed to boost the quality of distributed acoustic sensor data monitoring downhole flow rate. The time-serial signal-to-noise ratio of the processed data is increased by about 3.72~3.90 dB.
Simultaneous strain and temperature monitoring through resonance frequency mapping with identical PM-FBGs
Authors: Choe Wontae , Kim Gyeong Hun , Kim Chang-Seok , Chung Youngjoo
Published: February 2024

This study introduces a novel quasi-distributed sensing system that utilizes identical weak polarization maintaining-fiber Bragg gratings (PM-FBGs) and resonance frequency mapping (RFM) for simultaneous strain and temperature measurements. By considering the differences in cavity length change response based on the polarization axes.
Femtosecond laser inscription-induced moiré superstructure fiber Bragg gratings
Authors: Cui Jingxian , Leong Chern Yang , Cheng Xin , Dash Jitendra Narayan , Tam Hwa-yaw
Published: February 2024

We propose a novel method for the fabrication of moiré superstructure fiber Bragg gratings that superimposes two uniform gratings with different pitches at the same location on optical fibers using femtosecond laser-based point-by-point inscription technology.
Long-time Resistance and Impurities Influence on Hydrogen Sensors Based on Palladium Expansion and Bragg Gratings
Authors: Almeida Miguel A. S. , de Almeida J. M. M. M. , Coelho Luís C. C.
Published: February 2024

An optical fiber sensor for hydrogen detection is presented. It is based on processed fiber Bragg gratings coated with palladium thin films where its expansion due to the hydrogen adsorption is monitored as strain measurements.
Improvement of temperature sensitivity of long-period fiber gratings using liquids with high thermo-optic coefficients
Authors: Kanno Tsukasa , Ikeda Kanami , Koyama Osanori , Yamada Makoto
Published: February 2024

The sensitivity of a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) temperature sensor can be improved by 1.8 times by placing silicon oil with a high thermo-optical coefficient around the LPFG formed on the fiber.
Fast Brillouin frequency shift measurement by zero-crossing point search in the virtually composed spectra of Brillouin gain and loss
Authors: Nonogaki Hayato , Sei Daichi , Bin Zan Mohd Saiful Dzulkefly , Tanaka Yosuke
Published: February 2024

We demonstrate a method for fast and precise measurement of Brillouin frequency shift by searching for the zero-crossing point of a virtually composed spectra of Brillouin gain and loss with double-frequency probe beam.
An Ultra-sensitive and Integrated Optical Fiber Salinity Sensor Based on Vernier Effect
Authors: Li Like , Zhang Ya-nan , Han Bo , Li Xuegang , Zhao Jian , Lv Riqing , Zhao Yong
Published: February 2024

In this work, an ultra-sensitive salinity sensor based on vernier effect with salinity sensitivity of - 18.75 nm/‰ is designed and fabricated. The vernier effect consists of two parallel MZIs in the same sensing area.
Solid-vibration measurement utilizing current modualted laser diode and Fabry-Perot interferometric sensors composed of low reflective fiber Bragg grating in a polarization-maintaining fiber
Authors: Wada Atsushi , Okano Makoto , Tanaka Satoshi
Published: February 2024

Fabry-Perot interferometers composed of low-reflective fiber Bragg gratings written on a polarization-maintaining fiber allow us to achieve multipoint sensing with the capability of simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain. Furthermore, the use of a current-modulated laser diode to readout the sensor reduces measurement time and allows solid-state vibration measurements. An experimental demonstration of solid-state vibration measurement is reported. An experiment to verify the feasibility of multipoint measurements is also reported.
On-line Status Monitoring Based on the Φ-OTDR using an HVDC Underwater Cable
Authors: Jung Hyoyoung , Lee Joo-young , Kim Young-Ho , Kim Huioon , Kang Hee-Woon , Kim Myoung-Jin
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a monitoring technique for underwater high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cables based on the Distributed Acoustic Sensor (DAS). The proposed technique utilizes vibration and acoustic signals generated on HVDC cables to monitor their condition and detect events such as earthquakes, shipments, tidal currents, and construction activities. Extensive experiments conducted on HVDC cables and protective facilities demonstrated the practical potential of the DAS system for monitoring underwater and underground areas.
Measurement of Hysteresis in Temperature response of Metal-Coated Optical Fiber using Time-Differential Brillouin Optical Correlation Domain Analysis
Authors: Kwon Yong-Seok , Oh Se Geon , Kwon Il-Bum , Seo Dae-Cheol , Jeon Min Yong
Published: February 2024

This study employs a time-differential Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis to measure hysteresis characteristics in metal-coated optical fibers. It confirms the presence of hysteresis within the temperature range of -30°C to 120°C.
Dynamic Measurement of Strain and Shape on a Rotating Helicopter Rotor Blade: The Measurement Challenge
Authors: James S. W. , Kissinger T. , Weber S. , Mullaney K. , Chehura E. , Barrington J. H. , Pekmezci H. H , .Staines S. E , Charrett T. O. H. , Lawson N. J. , Lone M. M. , Tatam R. P.
Published: February 2024

Fibre-optic strain and shape sensing instrumentation were deployed on rotor blades during a full-speed helicopter ground run. Data were streamed wirelessly from rotor hub-mounted sensor interrogators, providing insights into the blade dynamics excited by pilot inputs to the controls and changes in rotation frequency. This paper explores the challenges of this application and considers means for visualisation of the data.
Fiber Bragg grating sensors with ultrahigh or ultralow temperature sensitivity
Authors: Song Zipei , Wang Mohan , Salter Patrick S. , Liu Tongyu , Elston Steve J. , Booth Martin J. , Morris Stephen M. , Fells Julian A. J.
Published: February 2024

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have temperature sensitivities around +10 pm/°C. We fabricate an FBG with -55 pm/°C for discriminating temperature from other parameters and another stable to +/-12.5 pm over 17-45°C for temperature-independent measurements.
Sapphire-Based Planar Bragg Grating Devices
Authors: Kefer Stefan , Schmauss Bernhard , Hellmann Ralf
Published: February 2024

This study reports on the long-term stability and the high-temperature capability of sapphire-based photonic crystal waveguides with integrated Bragg gratings. Furthermore, their Bragg grating reflectivity as well as their temperature sensitivity is quantified.
High-resolution resonant optical fiber sensor interrogation technique using a square-wave modulated DFB laser diode
Authors: Fried Michael , Tresanchez Georgina , Thomas Peter J. , Hjelme Dag Roar
Published: February 2024

We demonstrate a high-resolution, low-cost interrogation technique using a square wave modulated DFB laser diode. With only three parameters, and without characterization of the dynamic frequency chirp, we achieve a spectral resolution of 0.05pm.
The Solution Concentration Sensor with Spatial Resolution Using to Measure Liquid Diffusion Coefficients
Authors: Meng Wei-Dong , Pu Xiao-Yun , Zhang Jun , Qian Wei , Zhang Yuan-Xian
Published: February 2024

Solution concentration sensor with spatial resolution is fabricated by combining liquid-core cylindrical lenses, the sensor has double functions as imaging and diffusion cell, which is applied to measure diffusion coefficient that depends on solution concentration.
Distributed strain sensor with wide dynamic-range and high resolution
Authors: Ba Dexin , Chu Qi , Wang Ying , Li Li , Li Can , Dong Yongkang
Published: February 2024

A large-range and high-resolution optical fiber sensor based on Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering is proposed, which merges frequency-scanning phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (φ-OTDR) and Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) via an adaptive signal corrector (ASC). Its measure range is determined by BOTDA, which could reach the limitation of optical fiber, while the resolution is as high as φ-OTDR. In the concept-proof experiments, a maximum strain variation up to 302.9 μϵ is measured with a resolution of 5.5 nϵ.
Ultra-wide-dynamic-range Gas Sensing by Laser Vector spectroscopy
Authors: Lou Xiutao , Wang Yue , Xu Ning , Dong Yongkang
Published: February 2024

We present laser vector spectroscopy that organically fuses together absorption spectroscopy and dispersion spectroscopy, achieving a linear dynamic range of 4×107, which surpasses all other state-of-the-art absorption spectroscopic techniques by more than an order of magnitude.
Fast acquirable random-access Brillouin optical fiber sensor up to 50 km sensing range
Authors: Xu Pengbai , Peng Yihao , Wen Kunhua , Dong Xinyong , Yang Jun , Qin Yuwen
Published: February 2024

A novel fast acquirable random-access Brillouin optical fiber sensor with one-end-access is proposed, at which the dynamic measurement of 1 kHz sampling rate and the 10 m spatial resolution over 50 km-long fiber is demonstrated.
A Gravity Gradient Measurement System Based on Fiber-optic Gyroscope
Authors: Chen Yanjun , Wang Wenbo , Zhu Lanxin , He Yan , Huang Huimin , Cao Yuwen , Ma Xiangdong , Li Zhengbin
Published: February 2024

A gravity gradient measurement system based on fiber-optic gyroscope is proposed and implemented. The static test results show that the resolution of the system can reach 0.39 E @ 100s, indicating a low self-noise performance.
High accuracy distributed strain testing of km-level length fiber coil of gyroscopy using OFDR
Authors: Lin Yicheng , Yang Jun , Zhang Xiang , Lin Cuofu , Wang Yuncai , Qin Yuwen
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we obtained interturn strain of 3 km fiber coil with spatial resolution of 5 cm and high accuracy 1.2 με by correcting the position deviation of the scattering spectrum in OFDR system.
Machine Learning approach for fiber-based biosensor
Authors: Fasseaux Hadrien , Loyez Médéric , Caucheteur Christophe
Published: February 2024

Common fiber-based biosensors demodulations quantify refractive index (RI) changes occurring for analyte-receptor bindings through wavelength changes. We use a machine learning model to quantify evolutions in RI unit without having to measure the sensor sensitivity.
Long-Gauge FBG Array for High Performance Quasi-Distributed Sensing
Authors: Yamanaka Tomoki , Illarionov Mikhail , Amma Yoshimichi , Okude Satoshi , Ohmori Kenichi
Published: February 2024

We propose a manufacturing method for a long-gauge FBG array utilizing writing-thorough coating technology using an automated reel-to-reel process that enables Bragg wavelength control in each FBG unit and precise control of the concatenation point.
High-consistent and high-stable fiber-optic MEMS sensor array for accurate pressure measurement
Authors: Tan Ke , Dai Xiaoshuang , Li Zhiyuan , Li Xueping , Li Shikai , Liu Hongyu , Wang Shuang , Liu Tiegen
Published: February 2024

A fiber optic sensor array was proposed based on a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) to measure spatially distributed pressure accurately. This pressure monitoring method could be easily applied in engineering and industrial applications.
Fiber-integrated high-sensitivity, wide-ranging Liquid Pressure sensor
Authors: Zhang Yu , Su Wenjie , Qin Yifan , Mou Jinhua , Li Shixiong , Jin Wei , Zhang Yaxun , Liu Zhihai , Yuan Libo
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a novel fiber liquid pressure sensor that uses photopolymer glue to generate Fabry-Perot (F-P) interference, resulting in high sensitivity (5.70 nm/kPa) and wide measurement range (0−500 kPa).
Hole-assisted three-core fiber-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer for vector bending sensing
Authors: Jin Yuan , Yang Jing , Li Binbing , Shi Jinhui , Yuan Libo , Guan Chunying
Published: February 2024

A vector bending sensor based on hole-assisted three-core fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer is demonstrated. The maximum bending sensitivity of -27.282 nm/m-1 in the direction of 225° is obtained.
Real-time Monitoring of DNA Binding by Plasmonic Chip Using an Optical Fiber
Authors: Semwal Vivek , Moltke Asbjørn Meldgaard , Bang Ole , Janting Jakob
Published: February 2024

In this study, we developed a label-free plasmonic biosensor chip platform to detect DNA binding in real-time. Our aim is to integrate this chip with an optical fiber to make the sensor more compact.
Low Fluorescence Background Fiber-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Simultaneous and Dynamic Detection of Sub-ppm Levels SF6 Decomposition Products
Authors: Kong Weiping , Wan Fu , Liu Qiang , Wang Qian , Long Yingkai , Chen Weigen
Published: February 2024

Detecting SF6 decomposition products can be used to analyze the defect types of SF6 gas-insulated electrical power equipment. In this paper, we propose a low fluorescence background fiber-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for measuring SF6 decomposition products.
Multi-core high birefringence silica optical fibre preform fabrication based on 3D DLP technology
Authors: Wang Jiaying , Han Qingqin , Li Guanghao , Kong Jing , Chehura Edmond , Tatam Ralph , Chu Yushi , Luo Yanhua , Zhang Jianzhong , Peng Gang-Ding
Published: February 2024

Multi-core high birefringence silica optical fibre (Hi-Bi SOF) preforms have been fabricated by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing and post-printing thermal processing. These fibre preforms of high solid loading of 0.8 are doped with GeO2, TiO2, Al2O3 and B2O3 in the cores, cladding, and stress applying parts (SAPs), respectively, and have been consolidated with good structure and strength for fibre drawing.
Evaluation of a wearable hetero-core fiber optic sensor for non-invasive swallowing function assessment focusing on laryngeal movement
Authors: Kakita Nobuyuki , Kadokura Miyuki , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Nishiyama Michiko
Published: February 2024

We propose a newly developed wearable hetero-core fiber optic stretch sensor for a swallowing assessment. Swallowing waveforms could be successfully obtained without being affected by the neck movement artifacts.
Rayleigh-based accurate estimation of modulation amplitude in Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry
Authors: Kikuchi Keita , Lee Heeyoung , Inoue Ryo , Ozaki Kouta , Sasage Haruki , Mizuno Yosuke
Published: February 2024

The spatial resolution in Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry relies on the modulation amplitude of the light. We propose a Rayleigh-based method to measure the amplitude without modifying the setup or requiring an optical spectrum analyzer.
OTDR Strain and Force Sensing by POF on Geotextiles in a Geotechnical Application Test
Authors: Dengler Simon Andreas , Luber Michael , Neff Léon , Hangen Hartmut , Schmauss Bernhard , Ziemann Olaf , Engelbrecht Rainer
Published: February 2024

With polymer optical fibers (POF) attached to geotextiles, optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) can be used to measure strain of the geotextile spatially resolved in soil. We test the technique in a geotechnical application test and thus demonstrate the functionality of the sensor for field use.
Aircraft Type Identification Based on FBG Sensing Array in Smart Runway
Authors: Liu Mingqiu , Xu Yimin , Yue Junri , Nan Qiuming , Liu Fang , Yue Lina , Yang Yan , Li Sheng
Published: February 2024

Based on the FBG array sensor network in a smart runway system, the research on aircraft type identification was carried out. The FBG array vibration sensing optical cables along the longitudinal and transverse directions of the runway were used to collect the taxiing trajectory of the aircraft on the runway and the time difference when the main and auxiliary landing gear pass through the middle of the runway in turn. By matching the test result and the known distance between the main and auxiliary landing gear, a novel aircraft type identification approach was proposed. The test results of an airport in test flight and initial operation stages illustrate that the proposed method can accurately realize type identification for Boeing 738 (B738), Boeing 757 (B757), Airbus 320 (A320), and Airbus (A321).
Polymer optical fiber sensors for monitoring the bond slip between concrete and reinforcing bars
Authors: Pospori Andreas , Ioannou Andreas , Melo José , Varum Humberto , André Paulo , Marques Carlos A. F. , Kalli Kyriacos
Published: February 2024

Polymer optical fiber sensors are developed for in-situ monitoring of bond slip between concrete and reinforcing bars. This work demonstrates the potential for early detection of structural failure, thereby enhancing the safety and longevity of critical infrastructures.
Wavelength conversion through stimulated Raman scattering in an oxygen-filled fiber for multi-band LiDAR
Authors: Raab Micah , Leaird Daniel , Courtney Trevor L. , Keyser Christian , Amezcua Correa Rodrigo
Published: February 2024

Wavelength conversion afforded by stimulated Raman scattering within a
hollow core fiber is potentially useful for multispectral light
detection and ranging (LiDAR). Herein, we make use of the ideal 1550
cm−1 vibrational Raman shift of an antiresonant
fiber filled with gaseous oxygen so that the first and second Raman
orders as well as the transmitted pump are all located in separate
atmospheric transmission windows. To the best of our knowledge, this
is the first report of stimulated Raman scattering in
an oxygen-filled fiber. The host of closely spaced rotational
stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) lines (12 cm−1)
accompanying the transmitted pump and vibrational Raman orders form
continuum bands allowing for much greater spectral coverage of the
atmospheric transmission windows. The temporal profiles of the Raman
orders can be separated without the use of a grating to potentially
achieve a multi-band LiDAR.
Loss-free shaping of few-cycle terawatt laser pulses
Authors: Railing L. M. , Le M. S. , Lazzarini C. M. , Milchberg H. M.
Published: February 2024

We demonstrate loss-free generation of 3 mJ, 1 kHz, few-cycle (5 fs at 750 nm central wavelength) double pulses with a pulse peak separation from 10 to 100 fs, using a helium-filled hollow core fiber (HCF) and chirped mirror compressor. Crucial to our scheme are simulation-based modifications to the spectral phase and amplitude of the oscillator seed pulse to eliminate the deleterious effects of self-focusing and nonlinear phase pickup in the chirped pulse amplifier. The shortest pulse separations are enabled by tunable nonlinear pulse splitting in the HCF compressor.
Ultrawide refractive-index measurement range fiber optic Fabry-Perot interferometer based on diamond
Authors: Duan De-wen , Xie Yiyuan , Yang JianHao , Tang Yi
Published: February 2024

The fiber optic Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) tip refractive index (RI) sensor is widely studied due to its simplicity, compactness, high spatial resolution, and relatively high accuracy. However, most Fabry-Perot interferometer tip refractive index sensors' cavities are silica optical fiber whose refractive index is approximately 1.45. This limits their applications in measuring the refractive index of many liquids whose RI is around 1.45. Here, we propose a fiber optic Fabry-Perot interferometer tip refractive index sensor that is fabricated by bonding a fat and thin diamond film on the apex of single-mode optical fiber. Its Fabry-Perot interferometer cavity is a diamond whose refractive index is ∼2.4 that offers such a sensor an ultrawide refractive measurement index range of 1 to over 2.2.
Original speech and its echo are segregated and separately processed in the human brain
Authors: Gao Jiaxin , Chen Honghua , Fang Mingxuan , Ding Nai
Published: February 2024

Speech recognition crucially relies on slow temporal modulations (<16 Hz) in speech. Recent studies, however, have demonstrated that the long-delay echoes, which are common during online conferencing, can eliminate crucial temporal modulations in speech but do not affect speech intelligibility. Here, we investigated the underlying neural mechanisms. MEG experiments demonstrated that cortical activity can effectively track the temporal modulations eliminated by an echo, which cannot be fully explained by basic neural adaptation mechanisms. Furthermore, cortical responses to echoic speech can be better explained by a model that segregates speech from its echo than by a model that encodes echoic speech as a whole. The speech segregation effect was observed even when attention was diverted but would disappear when segregation cues, i.e., speech fine structure, were removed. These results strongly suggested that, through mechanisms such as stream segregation, the auditory system can build an echo-insensitive representation of speech envelope, which can support reliable speech recognition.
Assessment of potential transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy cases in the Brazilian public health system using a machine learning model
Authors: Zuppo Laper Isabella , Camacho-Hubner Cecilia , Vansan Ferreira Rafaela , Leite Bertoli de Souza Claudenice , Simões Marcus Vinicius , Fernandes Fabio , de Barros Correia Edileide , de Jesus Lopes de Abreu Ariane , Silva Julian Guilherme
Published: February 2024

Objectives

To identify and describe the profile of potential transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CM) cases in the Brazilian public health system (SUS), using a predictive machine learning (ML) model.

Methods

This was a retrospective descriptive database study that aimed to estimate the frequency of potential ATTR-CM cases in the Brazilian public health system using a supervised ML model, from January 2015 to December 2021. To build the model, a list of ICD-10 codes and procedures potentially related with ATTR-CM was created based on literature review and validated by experts.

Results

From 2015 to 2021, the ML model classified 262 hereditary ATTR-CM (hATTR-CM) and 1,581 wild-type ATTR-CM (wtATTR-CM) potential cases. Overall, the median age of hATTR-CM and wtATTR-CM patients was 66.8 and 59.9 years, respectively. The ICD-10 codes most presented as hATTR-CM and wtATTR-CM were related to heart failure and arrythmias. Regarding the therapeutic itinerary, 13% and 5% of hATTR-CM and wtATTR-CM received treatment with tafamidis meglumine, respectively, while 0% and 29% of hATTR-CM and wtATTR-CM were referred to heart transplant.

Conclusion

Our findings may be useful to support the development of health guidelines and policies to improve diagnosis, treatment, and to cover unmet medical needs of patients with ATTR-CM in Brazil.
Prevalence of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in the feces of free-roaming wildlife throughout South Korea
Authors: Mafizur Rahman M. , Sangjin Lim , Chul Park Y.
Published: February 2024

Wildlife can carry pathogenic organisms, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi, which can spread to humans and cause mild to serious illnesses and even death. Spreading through animal feces, these pathogens significantly contributes to the global burden of human diseases. Therefore, the present study investigated the prevalence of zoonotic bacterial pathogens, such as Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), in animal feces. Between September 2015 and August 2017, 699 wildlife fecal samples were collected from various agricultural production regions and mountainous areas in South Korea. Fecal samples were collected from wild mammals (85.26%, 596/699) and birds (14.73%, 103/699). Salmonella spp. and E. coli were present in 3% (21/699) and 45.63% (319/699) of the samples, respectively. Moreover, virulence genes stx1 and both stx1 and stx2 were detected in 13.30% (93/699) and 0.72% (5/699) of the samples, respectively. The 21 Salmonella spp. were detected in badgers (n = 5), leopard cats (n = 7), wild boars (n = 2), and magpies (n = 7); STEC was detected in roe deer, water deer, mice, and wild boars. Through phylogenetic and gene-network analyses, the Salmonella spp. isolates (n = 21 laboratory isolates, at least one isolate from each Salmonella-positive animal fecal sample, and n = 6 widely prevalent reference Salmonella serovars) were grouped into two major lineages: S. enterica subsp. enterica and S. enterica subsp. diarizonae. Similarly, 93 E. coli isolates belonged to stx1, including three major lineages (groups 1–3), and stx1 and stx2 detected groups. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a wild leopard cat serving as a reservoir for Salmonella spp. in South Korea. The research findings can help manage the potential risk of wildlife contamination and improve precautionary measures to protect public health.
Barcoding and mitochondrial phylogenetics of Porites corals
Authors: Combosch David J. , Burdick David , Primov Karim , Rios Dareon , Rios Kireon , Fernandez Jessica
Published: February 2024

Coral reefs are the most diverse ecosystem on the planet based on the abundance and diversity of phyla and higher taxa. However, it is still difficult to assess the diversity of lower taxa, especially at the species level. One tool for improving the identification of lower taxa are genetic markers that can distinguish cryptic species and assess species boundaries. Here, we present one such approach for an important and challenging group of reef-building corals. Porites corals are the main reef-builders of many coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific, owing to the massive growth forms of some species. The current number of valid Porites species is controversial, inflated with many synonymies, and often based on gross colony morphology although several morphospecies believed to be widespread and common can only be distinguished based on detailed microstructure analyses by taxonomic experts. Here, we test the suitability of multiple regions of mtDNA as genetic barcodes to identify suitable markers for species differentiation and unambiguous identification. Resulting sequencing data was further used for the first phylogenetic analysis of Guam’s Porites species. We tested eight different mitochondrial markers and analyzed four in detail for 135 Porites specimens: mtDNA markers were amplified for 67 Porites specimens from Guam, representing 12 nominal Porites species, and combined with 69 mitochondrial genomes, mostly from Hawaii. The combination of all 4 markers distinguished 10 common and 7 uncommon Central-West Pacific Porites species. Most clades separate species along taxonomic boundaries, which is uncommon for Porites corals and testifies to the suitability of our multi-marker approach, and a combination of the two most promising barcodes distinguished 8/10 common species. These barcodes are thus suitable to distinguish virtually cryptic species in one of the most important and challenging coral genera. They offer a cheap, fast and reliable way to identify Porites species for species-level research, monitoring and conservation.
Diagnostic performance of the WHO definition of probable dengue within the first 5 days of symptoms on Reunion Island
Authors: Diarra Yves Marie , Maillard Olivier , Vague Adrien , Guihard Bertrand , Gérardin Patrick , Bertolotti Antoine
Published: February 2024

The relevance of the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for defining probable dengue had not yet been evaluated in the context of dengue endemicity on Reunion Island. The objective of this retrospective diagnostic study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the 2009 WHO definition of probable dengue and to propose an improvement thereof. From the medical database, we retrieved the data of subjects admitted to the emergency department of the University Hospital of Reunion Island in 2019 with suspected dengue fever (DF) within a maximum of 5 days post symptom onset, and whose diagnosis was confirmed by a Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The intrinsic characteristics of probable dengue definitions were reported in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-), using RT-PCR as the gold standard. Of the 1,181 subjects who exhibited a positive RT-PCR, 652 (55%) were classified as probable dengue. The WHO definition of probable dengue yielded a sensitivity of 64% (95%CI 60–67%), a specificity of 57% (95%CI 52–61%), a LR+ of 1.49 (95%CI 1.33–1.67), and a LR- of 0.63 (95%CI 0.56–0.72). The sensitivity and LR- for diagnosing and ruling out probable dengue could be improved by the addition of lymphopenia on admission (74% [95%CI: 71–78%] and 0.54 [95%CI: 0.46–0.63] respectively), at the cost of slight reductions of specificity and LR+ (48% [95%CI: 44–53%] and 1.42 [95%CI: 1.29–1.57], respectively). In the absence of, or when rapid diagnostic testing is unreliable, the use of the improved 2009 WHO definition of probable dengue could facilitate the identification of subjects who require further RT-PCR testing, which should encourage the development of patient management, while also optimizing the count and quarantine of cases, and guiding disease control.
Eosinophils of patients with localized and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis: Differential response to Leishmania mexicana, with insights into mechanisms of damage inflicted upon the parasites by eosinophils
Authors: Salaiza-Suazo Norma , Porcel-Aranibar Roxana , Cañeda-Guzmán Isabel Cristina , Ruiz-Remigio Adriana , Zamora-Chimal Jaime , Delgado-Domínguez José , Cervantes-Sarabia Rocely , Carrada-Figueroa Georgina , Sánchez-Barragán Baldomero , Leal-Ascencio Victor Javier , Pérez-Torres Armando , Rodríguez-Martínez Héctor A. , Becker Ingeborg
Published: February 2024

Eosinophils are mainly associated with parasitic infections and allergic manifestations. They produce many biologically active substances that contribute to the destruction of pathogens through the degranulation of microbicidal components and inflammatory tissue effects. In leishmaniasis, eosinophils have been found within inflammatory infiltrate with protective immunity against the parasite. We analyzed the responses of eosinophils from patients with localized (LCL) and diffuse (DCL) cutaneous leishmaniasis, as well as from healthy subjects, when exposed to Leishmania mexicana. All DCL patients exhibited blood eosinophilia, along with elevated eosinophil counts in non-ulcerated nodules. In contrast, only LCL patients with prolonged disease progression showed eosinophils in their blood and cutaneous ulcers. Eosinophils from DCL patients secreted significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-13, compared to eosinophils from LCL patients. Additionally, DCL patients displayed higher serum levels of anti-Leishmania IgG antibodies. We also demonstrated that eosinophils from both LCL and DCL patients responded to L. mexicana promastigotes with a robust oxidative burst, which was equally intense in both patient groups and significantly higher than in healthy subjects. Coincubation of eosinophils (from donors with eosinophilia) with L. mexicana promastigotes in vitro revealed various mechanisms of parasite damage associated with different patterns of granule exocytosis: 1) localized degranulation on the parasite surface, 2) the release of cytoplasmic membrane-bound “degranulation sacs” containing granules, 3) release of eosinophil extracellular traps containing DNA and granules with major basic protein. In conclusion, eosinophils damage L. mexicana parasites through the release of granules via diverse mechanisms. However, despite DCL patients having abundant eosinophils in their blood and tissues, their apparent inability to provide protection may be linked to the release of cytokines and chemokines that promote a Th2 immune response and disease progression in these patients.
Novel approach for reconstruction of the three-dimensional biliary system in decellularized liver scaffold using hepatocyte progenitors
Authors: Hirukawa Kazuya , Yagi Hiroshi , Kuroda Kohei , Watanabe Masafumi , Nishi Kotaro , Nagata Shogo , Abe Yuta , Kitago Minoru , Adachi Shungo , Sudo Ryo , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: February 2024

Reconstruction of the biliary system is indispensable for the regeneration of transplantable liver grafts. Here, we report the establishment of the first continuous three-dimensional biliary system scaffold for bile acid excretion using a novel method. We confirmed the preservation of the liver-derived extracellular matrix distribution in the scaffold. In addition, hepatocyte progenitors decellularized via the bile duct by slow-speed perfusion differentiated into hepatocyte- and cholangiocyte-like cells, mimicking hepatic cords and bile ducts, respectively. Furthermore, qRT-PCR demonstrated increased ALB, BSEP, and AQP8 expression, revealing bile canaliculi- and bile duct-specific genetic patterns. Therefore, we concluded that locally preserved extracellular matrices in the scaffold stimulated hepatic progenitors and provided efficient differentiation, as well as regeneration of a three-dimensional continuous biliary system from hepatic cords through bile ducts. These findings suggest that organ-derived scaffolds can be utilized for the efficient reconstruction of functional biliary systems.
ARID1A loss is associated with increased NRF2 signaling in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Nguyen Vinh , Schrank Travis P. , Major Michael B. , Weissman Bernard E.
Published: February 2024

Prior to the next generation sequencing and characterization of the tumor genome landscape, mutations in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and the KEAP1-NRF2 signaling pathway were underappreciated. While these two classes of mutations appeared to independently contribute to tumor development, recent reports have demonstrated a mechanistic link between these two regulatory mechanisms in specific cancer types and cell models. In this work, we expand upon these data by exploring the relationship between mutations in BAF and PBAF subunits of the SWI/SNF complex and activation of NRF2 signal transduction across many cancer types. ARID1A/B mutations were strongly associated with NRF2 transcriptional activity in head and neck squamous carcinomas (HNSC). Many additional tumor types showed significant association between NRF2 signaling and mutation of specific components of the SWI/SNF complex. Different effects of BAF and PBAF mutations on the polarity of NRF2 signaling were observed. Overall, our results support a context-dependent functional link between SWI/SNF and NRF2 mutations across human cancers and implicate ARID1A inactivation in HPV-negative HNSC in promoting tumor progression and survival through activation of the KEAP1-NRF2 signaling pathway. The tumor-specific effects of these mutations open a new area of study for how mutations in the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway and the SWI/SNF complex contribute to cancer.
Sagittal plane knee kinematics can be measured during activities of daily living following total knee arthroplasty with two IMU
Authors: Cornish Bradley M. , Diamond Laura E. , Saxby David John , Lloyd David G. , Shi Beichen , Lyon Jenna , Abbruzzese Kevin , Gallie Price , Maharaj Jayishni
Published: February 2024

Knee function is rarely measured objectively during functional tasks following total knee arthroplasty. Inertial measurement units (IMU) can measure knee kinematics and range of motion (ROM) during dynamic activities and offer an easy-to-use system for knee function assessment post total knee arthroplasty. However, IMU must be validated against gold standard three-dimensional optical motion capture systems (OMC) across a range of tasks if they are to see widespread uptake. We computed knee rotations and ROM from commercial IMU sensor measurements during walking, squatting, sit-to-stand, stair ascent, and stair descent in 21 patients one-year post total knee arthroplasty using two methods: direct computation using segment orientations (r_IMU), and an IMU-driven iCloud-based interactive lower limb model (m_IMU). This cross-sectional study compared computed knee angles and ROM to a gold-standard OMC and inverse kinematics method using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) and root-mean-square-differences (RMSD). The r_IMU and m_IMU methods estimated sagittal plane knee angles with excellent correlation (>0.95) compared to OMC for walking, squatting, sit-to-stand, and stair-ascent, and very good correlation (>0.90) for stair descent. For squatting, sit-to-stand, and walking, the mean RMSD for r_IMU and m_IMU compared to OMC were <4 degrees, < 5 degrees, and <6 degrees, respectively but higher for stair ascent and descent (~12 degrees). Frontal and transverse plane knee kinematics estimated using r_IMU and m_IMU showed poor to moderate correlation compared to OMC. There were no differences in ROM measurements during squatting, sit-to-stand, and walking across the two methods. Thus, IMUs can measure sagittal plane knee angles and ROM with high accuracy for a variety of tasks and may be a useful in-clinic tool for objective assessment of knee function following total knee arthroplasty.
Determinants that attract and discourage foreign direct investment in GCC countries: Do macroeconomic and environmental factors matter?
Authors: Alharthi Majed , Islam Md Mazharul , Alamoudi Hawazen , Murad Md Wahid
Published: February 2024

In general, foreign direct investments (FDIs) play a crucial role in driving a country’s economic development, promoting diversification, and enhancing competitiveness. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, which heavily rely on the oil and gas sectors, are particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in commodity prices. However, these countries have recognized the imperative of economic diversification and have increasingly turned to inward FDIs to achieve it. By attracting capital, advanced technology, and expertise from foreign investors, FDIs enable the GCC countries to expand their economic base beyond the oil and gas sectors. This diversification not only creates employment opportunities but also fosters resilient economic growth, ultimately leading to an improvement in the living standards of the local population. This study investigates the macroeconomic and environmental factors that potentially attract foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries in the long run. Additionally, the study explores the causal relationship between these factors and FDI inflows. The panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to co-integration is the primary analytical technique used, utilizing long time-series data from six GCC countries, including Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) during the period 1990–2019. The empirical results indicate that, in the long run, almost all independent variables significantly influence FDI in GCC countries. Variables such as GDP growth (GDPG), inflation (INFL), carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), and urbanization (URB) are found to be highly significant (p≤0.01) in their impact on FDI. Moreover, unemployment (UNEMP) also positively and significantly influences FDI in these countries in the long run. Based on the key findings, strategies aimed at reducing persistently high unemployment rates, maintaining population growth, viewing FDI as a driver for GDP growth, and continuing with infrastructure development and urbanization are expected to attract more FDI inflows into GCC countries in the long run. Additionally, fostering both long-term economic incentives and creating a conducive business infrastructure for investors are vital for attracting inward FDI into any nation, including those in the GCC. This research would benefit various stakeholders, including governments, local businesses, investors, academia, and the local society, by providing valuable knowledge and informing decision-making processes related to economic development, diversification, and investment promotion.
Moral conformity in a digital world: Human and nonhuman agents as a source of social pressure for judgments of moral character
Authors: Bocian Konrad , Gonidis Lazaros , Everett Jim A.C.
Published: February 2024

Could judgments about others’ moral character be changed under group pressure produced by human and virtual agents? In Study 1 (N = 103), participants first judged targets’ moral character privately and two weeks later in the presence of real humans. Analysis of how many times participants changed their private moral judgments under group pressure showed that moral conformity occurred, on average, 43% of the time. In Study 2 (N = 138), we extended this using Virtual Reality, where group pressure was produced either by avatars allegedly controlled by humans or AI. While replicating the effect of moral conformity (at 28% of the time), we find that the moral conformity for the human and AI-controlled avatars did not differ. Our results suggest that human and nonhuman groups shape moral character judgments in both the physical and virtual worlds, shedding new light on the potential social consequences of moral conformity in the modern digital world.
Topic prediction for tobacco control based on COP9 tweets using machine learning techniques
Authors: Elmitwalli Sherif , Mehegan John , Wellock Georgie , Gallagher Allen , Gilmore Anna
Published: February 2024

The prediction of tweets associated with specific topics offers the potential to automatically focus on and understand online discussions surrounding these issues. This paper introduces a comprehensive approach that centers on the topic of "harm reduction" within the broader context of tobacco control. The study leveraged tweets from the period surrounding the ninth Conference of the Parties to review the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (COP9) as a case study to pilot this approach. By using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)-based topic modeling, the study successfully categorized tweets related to harm reduction. Subsequently, various machine learning techniques were employed to predict these topics, achieving a prediction accuracy of 91.87% using the Random Forest algorithm. Additionally, the study explored correlations between retweets and sentiment scores. It also conducted a toxicity analysis to understand the extent to which online conversations lacked neutrality. Understanding the topics, sentiment, and toxicity of Twitter data is crucial for identifying public opinion and its formation. By specifically focusing on the topic of “harm reduction” in tweets related to COP9, the findings offer valuable insights into online discussions surrounding tobacco control. This understanding can aid policymakers in effectively informing the public and garnering public support, ultimately contributing to the successful implementation of tobacco control policies.
Transcriptional alterations of peanut root during interaction with growth-promoting Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens strain P9
Authors: Bai Xue , Han Yujie , Han Lizhen
Published: February 2024

The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens P9 can improve peanut growth. In this study, a co-culture system of strain P9 and peanut was established to analyze the transcriptome of peanut roots interacting with P9 for 24 and 72 h. During the early stage of co-culturing, genes related to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Ca2+ signal transduction, ethylene synthesis, and cell wall pectin degradation were induced, and the up-regulation of phenylpropanoid derivative, flavonoid, and isoflavone synthesis enhanced the defense response of peanut. The enhanced expression of genes associated with photosynthesis and carbon fixation, circadian rhythm regulation, indoleacetic acid (IAA) synthesis, and cytokinin decomposition promoted root growth and development. At the late stage of co-culturing, ethylene synthesis was reduced, whereas Ca2+ signal transduction, isoquinoline alkaloid synthesis, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism were up-regulated, thereby maintaining root ROS homeostasis. Sugar decomposition and oxidative phosphorylation and nitrogen and fatty acid metabolism were induced, and peanut growth was significantly promoted. Finally, the gene expression of seedlings inoculated with strain P9 exhibited temporal differences. The results of our study, which explored transcriptional alterations of peanut root during interacting with P9, provide a basis for elucidating the growth-promoting mechanism of this bacterial strain in peanut.