bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Pristine survey II: A sample of bright stars observed with FEROS
Authors: Caffau E. , Bonifacio P. , Starkenburg E. , Martin N. , Youakim K. , Henden A. A. , González Hernández J. I. , Aguado D. S. , Prieto C. Allende , Venn K. , Jablonka P.
Published: July 2017

Extremely metal‐poor (EMP) stars are old objects formed in the first Gyr of the Universe. They are rare and, to select them the most successful strategy has been to build on large and low‐resolution spectroscopic surveys. The combination of narrow‐ and broad‐band photometry provides a powerful and cheaper alternative to select metal‐poor stars. The ongoing Pristine Survey is adopting this strategy, conducting photometry with the Canada France Hawaii Telescope MegaCam wide‐field imager and a narrow‐band filter centered at 395.2 nm on the Ca II‐H and ‐K lines. In this paper, we present the results of the spectroscopic follow‐up conducted on a sample of 26 stars at the bright end of the magnitude range of the Survey (g⩽15), using FEROS at the MPG/ESO 2.2‐m telescope (manufactured by Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). From our chemical investigation on the sample, we conclude that this magnitude range is too bright to use the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) gri bands, which are typically saturated. Instead, the Pristine photometry can be usefully combined with the AAVSO Photometric All Sky Survey (APASS) griphotometry to provide reliable metallicity estimates.
A flexible multivariate random effects proportional odds model with application to adverse effects during radiation therapy
Authors: Augustin Nicole H. , Kim Sung Won , Uhlig Annemarie , Hanser Christina , Henke Michael , Schumacher Martin
Published: July 2017

Radiation therapy in patients with head and neck cancer has a toxic effect on mucosa, the soft tissue in and around the mouth. Hence mucositis is a serious common side effect and is a condition characterized by pain and inflammation of the surface of the mucosa. Although the mucosa recovers during breaks of and following the radiotherapy course, the recovery will depend on the type of tissue involved and on its location. We present a novel flexible multivariate random effects proportional odds model that takes account of the longitudinal course of oral mucositis at different mouth sites and of the radiation dosage (in terms of cumulative dose). The model is an extension of theproportional odds modelthat is used for ordinal response variables. Our model includes the ordinal multivariate response of the mucositis score by site, random intercepts for individuals, and a nonlinear function of cumulative radiation dose. The model allows to test whether sensitivity differs by mouth sites after having adjusted for site‐specific cumulative radiation dose. The model also allows to check whether and how the (nonlinear) effect of site‐specific dose differs by site. We fit the model to longitudinal patient data from a prospective observation and find that after adjusting for cumulative dose, upper, lower lips, and mouth floor are associated with the lowest mucositis scores and hard and soft palate are associated with the highest mucositis scores. This implies the possibility that tissues at different mouth sites differ in their sensitivity to the toxic effect of radiation.
A comparison of bivariate, multivariate random‐effects, and Poisson correlated gamma‐frailty models to meta‐analyze individual patient data of ordinal scale diagnostic tests
Authors: Simoneau Gabrielle , Levis Brooke , Cuijpers Pim , Ioannidis John P. A. , Patten Scott B. , Shrier Ian , Bombardier Charles H. , de Lima Osório Flavia , Fann Jesse R. , Gjerdingen Dwenda , Lamers Femke , Lotrakul Manote , Löwe Bernd , Shaaban Juwita , Stafford Lesley , van Weert Henk C. P. M. , Whooley Mary A. , Wittkampf Karin A. , Yeung Albert S. , Thombs Brett D. , Benedetti Andrea
Published: July 2017

Individual patient data (IPD) meta‐analyses are increasingly common in the literature. In the context of estimating the diagnostic accuracy of ordinal or semi‐continuous scale tests, sensitivity and specificity are often reported for a given threshold or a small set of thresholds, and a meta‐analysis is conducted via a bivariate approach to account for their correlation. When IPD are available, sensitivity and specificity can be pooled for every possible threshold. Our objective was to compare the bivariate approach, which can be applied separately at every threshold, to two multivariate methods: the ordinal multivariate random‐effects model and the Poisson correlated gamma‐frailty model. Our comparison was empirical, using IPD from 13 studies that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the 9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire depression screening tool, and included simulations. The empirical comparison showed that the implementation of the two multivariate methods is more laborious in terms of computational time and sensitivity to user‐supplied values compared to the bivariate approach. Simulations showed that ignoring the within‐study correlation of sensitivity and specificity across thresholds did not worsen inferences with the bivariate approach compared to the Poisson model. The ordinal approach was not suitable for simulations because the model was highly sensitive to user‐supplied starting values. We tentatively recommend the bivariate approach rather than more complex multivariate methods for IPD diagnostic accuracy meta‐analyses of ordinal scale tests, although the limited type of diagnostic data considered in the simulation study restricts the generalization of our findings.
The Chemistry of 1‐Acylphosphirane Complexes: A Phosphorus Analogue of the Cloke–Wilson Rearrangement
Authors: Tian Rongqiang , Zhang Chunli , Xu Yang , Liu Chenguang , Duan Zheng , Mathey François
Published: July 2017

The stabilization of a phosphirane ring by complexation to tungsten pentacarbonyl allows the emergence of the Cloke–Wilson rearrangement in 1‐acylphosphirane complexes around 130 °C. Contrary to the cyclopropane case, this transformation of the 1‐acylphosphirane to the 1,3‐oxaphosphol‐3‐ene complexes is reversible. It is favored by a 2‐phenyl, and even a 2‐vinyl substitution. The 1,3‐oxaphosphol‐3‐ene complexes are trapped by conjugated dienes.
Carbon Tetrabromide/Triphenylphosphine‐Activated Beckmann Rearrangement of Ketoximes for Synthesis of Amides
Authors: Gao Peng , Bai Zijing
Published: July 2017

An efficient Beckmann rearrangement of ketoximes was developed using carbon tetrabromide/triphenylphosphine as an organocatalyst without addition of any acids or metals. The reaction showed good functional group tolerance and gave various amides in moderate to good yields.
Diffusion of Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen in the Small‐Pore Titanium Bis(phosphonate) Metal–Organic Framework MIL‐91 (Ti): A Combination of Quasielastic Neutron Scattering Measurements and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Pillai Renjith Sasimohanan , Jobic Hervé , Koza Michael Marek , Nouar Farid , Serre Christian , Maurin Guillaume , Ramsahye Naseem Ahmed
Published: July 2017

The diffusivity of CO2 and N2 in the small‐pore titanium‐based bis(phosphonate) metal–organic framework MIL‐91(Ti) was explored by using a combination of quasielastic neutron scattering measurements and molecular dynamics simulations. These two techniques were used to determine the loading dependence of the self‐diffusivity, corrected and transport diffusivities of these two gases to complement our previously reported thermodynamics study, which revealed that this material was a promising candidate for CO2/N2 separation. The calculated and measured diffusivities of both gases were shown to be of an order of magnitude sufficiently high, from 10−9 to 10−10 m2 s−1, and N2 diffused faster than CO2 through the small channel of MIL‐91(Ti). Consequently, the separation process does not involve any kinetic‐driven limitations. This study further revealed that the global diffusion mechanism involves motions of gases along the channels by a jump sequence, and the residence times for CO2 in the region close to the specific PO⋅⋅⋅H⋅⋅⋅N zwitterionic sites are much higher than those for N2, which explains the faster diffusivity observed for N2.
Designing Metal‐Sulfide‐Sphere Counter‐Electrode Catalysts for ZnO‐Nanorod‐Array‐Based Quantum‐Dot‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Han Qianji , Zheng Haikuo , Wu Mingxing
Published: July 2017

To increase the competitiveness of quantum‐dot‐sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) among the various photovoltaic devices, it is necessary to develop new counter‐electrode (CE) catalysts to replace the unviable Pt CE. Herein, a series of metal‐sulfide spheres (e.g., FeS2, Co9S8, NiS, CuS, and ZnS) are designed and synthesized as CE catalysts for QDSCs. As inferred from cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Tafel polarization‐curve results, except for ZnS, all of the sulfide spheres perform better than Pt toward Sx2–/S2– redox‐couple regeneration, among which, NiS shows the highest catalytic activity, followed by Co9S8, CuS, and FeS2. The power conversion efficiencies of ZnO nanorod‐array photoanode‐based QDSCs with sulfide‐sphere CEs are 2.5 % (NiS), 2.2 % (Co9S8), 1.8 % (CuS), and 0.8 % (FeS2), much higher than that of their Pt CE‐based counterparts (0.30 %).
Behavioral flexibility as a mechanism for coping with climate change
Authors: Beever Erik A , Hall L Embere , Varner Johanna , Loosen Anne E , Dunham Jason B , Gahl Megan K , Smith Felisa A , Lawler Joshua J
Published: July 2017

Of the primary responses to contemporary climate change – “move, adapt, acclimate, or die” – that are available to organisms, “acclimate” may be effectively achieved through behavioral modification. Behavioral flexibility allows animals to rapidly cope with changing environmental conditions, and behavior represents an important component of a species’ adaptive capacity in the face of climate change. However, there is currently a lack of knowledge about the limits or constraints on behavioral responses to changing conditions. Here, we characterize the contexts in which organisms respond to climate variability through behavior. First, we quantify patterns in behavioral responses across taxa with respect to timescales, climatic stimuli, life‐history traits, and ecology. Next, we identify existing knowledge gaps, research biases, and other challenges. Finally, we discuss how conservation practitioners and resource managers can incorporate an improved understanding of behavioral flexibility into natural resource management and policy decisions.
„Ja“ zum neuen UrhWissG!
Authors: Strohschneider Peter
Published: July 2017

Der Kampf ums Urheberrecht eskaliert: Der Gesetzentwurf der Bundesregierung berücksichtigt erstmals angemessen die Erfordernisse von Forschung und Lehre im digitalen Zeitalter. Doch die Verlage bekämpfen den fairen Interessenausgleich der geplanten „Wissenschaftsschranken“ mit fast schrankenloser Agitation. Davon darf sich der Bundestag nicht beirren lassen.
Combined tumor genomic profiling and exome sequencing in a breast cancer family implicates ATM in tumorigenesis: A proof of principle study
Authors: Bubien Virginie , Bonnet Françoise , Dupiot‐Chiron Jennifer , Barouk‐Simonet Emmanuelle , Jones Natalie , de Reynies Aurélien , MacGrogan Gaëtan , Sevenet Nicolas , Letouzé Eric , Longy Michel
Published: July 2017

Familial breast cancers (BCs) account for 10%‐20% of all diagnosed BCs, yet only 20% of such tumors arise in the context of a germline mutation in known tumor suppressor genes such as BRCA1 or BRCA2. The vast genetic heterogeneity which characterizes non BRCA1 and non BRCA2 (or BRCAx) families makes grouped studies impossible to perform. Next generation sequencing techniques, however, allow individual families to be studied to identify rare and or private mutations but the high number of genetic variants identified need to be sorted using pathogenicity or recurrence criteria. An additional sorting criterion may be represented by the identification of candidate regions defined by tumor genomic rearrangements. Indeed, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays allows the detection of conserved ancestral haplotypes within recurrent regions of loss of heterozygosity, common to several familial tumors, which can highlight genomic loci harboring a germline mutation in cancer predisposition genes. The combination of both exome sequencing and SNP array‐CGH for a series of familial BC revealed a germline ATM mutation associated with a loss of the wild‐type allele in two BC from a BRCAx family. The analysis of additional breast tumors from ten BC families in which a germline ATM mutation had been identified revealed a high frequency of wild‐type allele loss. This result argues strongly in favor of the involvement of ATM in these tumors as a tumor suppressor gene and confirms that germline ATM mutations are involved in a subset of familial BC.
Management algorithms for cervical cancer screening and precancer treatment for resource‐limited settings
Authors: Basu Partha , Meheus Filip , Chami Youssef , Hariprasad Roopa , Zhao Fanghui , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy
Published: July 2017

Management algorithms for screen‐positive women in cervical cancer prevention programs have undergone substantial changes in recent years. The WHO strongly recommends human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for primary screening, if affordable, or if not, then visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), and promotes treatment directly following screening through the screen‐and‐treat approach (one or two clinic visits). While VIA‐positive women can be offered immediate ablative treatment based on certain eligibility criteria, HPV‐positive women need to undergo subsequent VIA to determine their eligibility. Simpler ablative methods of treatment such as cryotherapy and thermal coagulation have been demonstrated to be effective and to have excellent safety profiles, and these have become integral parts of new management algorithms. The challenges faced by low‐resource countries are many and include, from the management perspective, identifying an affordable point‐of‐care HPV detection test, minimizing over‐treatment, and installing an effective information system to ensure high compliance to treatment and follow‐up.
Scaling up proven innovative cervical cancer screening strategies: Challenges and opportunities in implementation at the population level in low‐ and lower‐middle‐income countries
Authors: Holme Francesca , Kapambwe Sharon , Nessa Ashrafun , Basu Partha , Murillo Raul , Jeronimo Jose
Published: July 2017

The problem of cervical cancer in low‐ and lower‐middle‐income countries (LLMICs) is both urgent and important, and calls for governments to move beyond pilot testing to population‐based screening approaches as quickly as possible. Experiences from Zambia, Bangladesh, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua, where scale‐up of evidence‐based screening strategies is taking place, may help other countries plan for large‐scale implementation. These countries selected screening modalities recommended by the WHO that are within budgetary constraints, improve access for women, and reduce health system bottlenecks. In addition, some common elements such as political will and government investment have facilitated action in these diverse settings. There are several challenges for continued scale‐up in these countries, including maintaining trained personnel, overcoming limited follow‐up and treatment capacity, and implementing quality assurance measures. Countries considering scale‐up should assess their readiness and conduct careful planning, taking into consideration potential obstacles. International organizations can catalyze action by helping governments overcome initial barriers to scale‐up.
Progress in HPV vaccination in low‐ and lower‐middle‐income countries
Authors: LaMontagne D. Scott , Bloem Paul J.N. , Brotherton Julia M.L. , Gallagher Katherine E. , Badiane Ousseynou , Ndiaye Cathy
Published: July 2017

The past 10 years have seen remarkable progress in the global scale‐up of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations. Forty‐three low‐ and lower‐middle‐income countries (LLMICs) have gained experience in delivering this vaccine to young adolescent girls through pilot programs, demonstration programs, and national introductions and most of these have occurred in the last 4 years. The experience of Senegal is summarized as an illustrative country case study. Publication of numerous delivery experiences and lessons learned has demonstrated the acceptability and feasibility of HPV vaccinations in LLMICs. Four areas require dedicated action to overcome remaining challenges to national scaling‐up: maintaining momentum politically, planning successfully, securing financing, and fostering sustainability. Advances in policy, programming, and science may help accelerate reaching 30 million girls in LLMICs with HPV vaccine by 2020.
Cervical cancer prevention for all women: Why now?
Authors: Tsu Vivien Davis
Published: July 2017

This Supplement focuses on cervical cancer prevention—recent progress, remaining challenges, and priorities for action and investment in the next 5–10 years.
Pattern search approach to ferromagnetic material modelling
Authors: Cardelli E. , Faba A. , Pompei M. , Quondam Antonio S.
Published: July 2017

This paper deals with possible optimization‐based techniques for the identification of the parameters of Preisach‐inspired phenomenological model of vector hysteresis in ferromagnetic materials. After a summary of the key features of the phenomenological model mentioned above, the description of the identification technique proposed is given. The identification technique is based on a suitable pattern search algorithm and standard measurements. Results for the FeSi Non‐Oriented Grains steel NOG are presented and discussed.
Work as good‐minded undertakings and effortless assignments: Chinese meaning of working for hospitality workers and its motivational implications
Authors: Hsu Ryan Shuwei , Stanworth James O.
Published: July 2017

Meaning of working (MOW) or the understanding of the purpose of working is a cornerstone in organizational behavior. This study answers the call to explain the MOW in Eastern contexts characterized by interdependent identities. We collect our data from hospitality workers in Taiwan, where Chinese Confucian and Taoist cultural precepts are strong. Our findings reveal that our informants use 25 typical vocabularies of motive in establishing and maintaining five salient identities that gain significance through two Chinese work meanings (i.e., good‐minded undertakings and effortless assignments). These meanings demonstrate the theoretical contributions of our findings to the MOW literature. We also explore the interplay between our emic findings (grounded in Taoism and Confucianism Chinese cultures) with etic motivation theory to advance understanding of prevention and promotion foci.
Stromal Vascular Fraction Loaded Silk Fibroin Mats Effectively Support the Survival of Diabetic Mice after Pancreatic Islet Transplantation
Authors: Perteghella Sara , Vigani Barbara , Mastracci Luca , Grillo Federica , Antonioli Barbara , Galuzzi Marta , Tosca Marta Cecilia , Crivelli Barbara , Preda Stefania , Tripodo Giuseppe , Marazzi Mario , Chlapanidas Theodora , Torre Maria Luisa
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study is to assess whether stromal vascular fraction (SVF)‐soaked silk fibroin nonwoven mats (silk‐SVF) can preserve the functionality of encapsulated pancreatic endocrine cells (alginate‐PECs) after transplantation in the subcutaneous tissue of diabetic mice. Silk scaffolds are selected to create an effective 3D microenvironment for SVF delivery in the subcutaneous tissue before diabetes induction: silk‐SVF is subcutaneously implanted in the dorsal area of five healthy animals; after 15 d, mice are treated with streptozotocin to induce diabetes and then alginate‐PECs are implanted on the silk‐SVF. All animals appear in good health, increasing weight during time, and among them, one presents euglycemia until the end of experiments. On the contrary, when PECs are simultaneously implanted with SVF after diabetes induction, mice are euthanized due to suffering. This work clearly demonstrates that silk‐SVF creates a functional niche in subcutaneous tissue and preserves endocrine cell survival and engraftment.
Metal‐Folded Single‐Chain Nanoparticle: Nanoclusters and Self‐Assembled Reduction‐Responsive Sub‐5‐nm Discrete Subdomains
Authors: Cao Hui , Cui Zhigang , Gao Pan , Ding Yi , Zhu Xuechao , Lu Xinhua , Cai Yuanli
Published: July 2017

Easy access to discrete nanoclusters in metal‐folded single‐chain nanoparticles (metal‐SCNPs) and independent ultrafine sudomains in the assemblies via coordination‐driven self‐assembly of hydrophilic copolymer containing 9% imidazole groups is reported herein. 1H NMR, dynamic light scattering, and NMR diffusion‐ordered spectroscopy results demonstrate self‐assembly into metal‐SCNPs (>70% imidazole‐units folded) by neutralization in the presence of Cu(II) in water to pH 4.6. Further neutralization induces self‐assembly of metal‐SCNPs (pH 4.6–5.0) and shrinkage (pH 5.0–5.6), with concurrent restraining residual imidazole motifs and hydrophilic segment, which organized into constant nanoparticles over pH 5.6–7.5. Atomic force microscopy results evidence discrete 1.2 nm nanoclusters and sub‐5‐nm subdomains in metal‐SCNP and assembled nanoparticle. Reduction of metal center using sodium ascorbate induces structural rearrangement to one order lower than the precursor. Enzyme mimic catalysis required media‐tunable discrete ultrafine interiors in metal‐SCNPs and assemblies have hence been achieved.
The Skyline ecosystem: Informatics for quantitative mass spectrometry proteomics
Authors: Pino Lindsay K. , Searle Brian C. , Bollinger James G. , Nunn Brook , MacLean Brendan , MacCoss Michael J.
Published: July 2017

Skyline is a freely available, open‐source Windows client application for accelerating targeted proteomics experimentation, with an emphasis on the proteomics and mass spectrometry community as users and as contributors. This review covers the informatics encompassed by the Skyline ecosystem, from computationally assisted targeted mass spectrometry method development, to raw acquisition file data processing, and quantitative analysis and results sharing.
The impact of constant effort harvesting on the dynamics of a discrete‐time contest competition model
Authors: AlSharawi Ziyad , Amleh Amal
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we study a general discrete‐time model representing the dynamics of a contest competition species with constant effort exploitation. In particular, we consider the difference equation xn+1=xnf(xn−k)−hxn where h>0, k∈{0,1}, and the density dependent function f satisfies certain conditions that are typical of a contest competition. The harvesting parameter h is considered as the main parameter, and its effect on the general dynamics of the model is investigated. In the absence of delay in the recruitment (k=0), we show the effect of h on the stability, the maximum sustainable yield, the persistence of solutions, and how the intraspecific competition change from contest to scramble competition. When the delay in recruitment is 1 (k=1), we show that a Neimark‐Sacker bifurcation occurs, and the obtained invariant curve is supercritical. Furthermore, we give a characterization of the persistent set.
Improving the grid frequency by optimal design of model predictive control with energy storage devices
Authors: Elsisi M. , Soliman M. , Aboelela M.A.S. , Mansour W.
Published: July 2017

This paper proposes the optimal design of model predictive control (MPC) with energy storage devices by the bat‐inspired algorithm (BIA) as a new artificial intelligence technique. Bat‐inspired algorithm‐based coordinated design of MPCs with superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) and capacitive energy storage (CES) is proposed for load frequency control. Three‐area hydrothermal interconnected power system installed with MPC and SMES is considered to carry out this study. The proposed design procedure can account for generation rate constraints and governor dead bands. Transport time delays imposed by governors, thermodynamic processes, and communication telemetry can be captured as well. In recent papers, the parameters of MPC with SMES and CES units are typically set by trial and error or by the designer's expertise. This problem is solved here by applying BIA to tune the parameters of MPC with SMES and CES units simultaneously to minimize the deviations of frequency and tie line powers against load perturbations. Simulation results are carried out to emphasize the superiority of the proposed coordinated design as compared with conventional proportional‐integral controller and with BIA‐based MPC without SMES and CES units.
Ultrasonic‐assisted synthesis and enhancement of chitosan/graphene nanosheet composites
Authors: Wu Guangyu , Huang Tianqi , Huang Jianguo
Published: July 2017

This study investigated a simple and low‐cost method for synthesizing graphene nanosheet/chitosan (GNS/CS) composites. The method involved (1) exfoliating graphite to prepare graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) using environment‐friendly ultrasonic energy and intercalating techniques, (2) preparing a high‐concentration GNS/CS dispersion from a mixture of GICs and CS, and (3) producing GNS/CS composites with varying GNS levels by adding the GNS/CS dispersion to CS. By incorporating 0.6 wt% GNS into a CS matrix, the mechanical and electrochemical properties of the resultant GNS/CS composite were markedly improved. Maximum enhancements of 29% and 39% in the elastic modulus and hardness of CS, respectively, were obtained. Furthermore, GNS/CS redox peak currents increased sevenfold relative to a CS‐modified electrode. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:4217–4223, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
On diagnosing observation‐error statistics with local ensemble data assimilation
Authors: Waller J. A. , Dance S. L. , Nichols N. K.
Published: July 2017

Recent research has shown that the use of correlated observation errors in data assimilation can lead to improvements in analysis accuracy and forecast skill. As a result, there is increased interest in characterizing, understanding and making better use of correlated observation errors. A simple diagnostic for estimating observation‐error statistics makes use of statistical averages of observation‐minus‐background and observation‐minus‐analysis residuals. This diagnostic is derived assuming that the analysis is calculated using a best linear unbiased estimator. In this work, we consider whether the diagnostic is still applicable when the analysis is calculated using ensemble assimilation schemes with domain localization. We show that the diagnostic equations no longer hold: the statistical averages of observation‐minus‐background and observation‐minus‐analysis residuals no longer result in an estimate of the observation‐error covariance matrix. Nevertheless, we are able to show that, under certain circumstances, some elements of the observation‐error covariance matrix can be recovered. Furthermore, we provide a method to determine which elements of the observation‐error covariance matrix can be estimated correctly. In particular, the correct estimation of correlations is dependent on both the localization radius and the observation operator. We provide numerical examples that illustrate these mathematical results.
Evaluation of extraction method on the structure and physicochemical properties of starch from seeds of two jackfruit varieties
Authors: Luciano Carla Giovana , Landi Franco Célia Maria , Ayala Valencia Germán , do Amaral Sobral Paulo José , Freitas Moraes Izabel Cristina
Published: July 2017

Two main varieties of jackfruit (soft and hard) are commonly known in Brazil and contain a large amount of starch. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of extraction methods (aqueous and alkaline treatments) on the structural and physicochemical properties of starches from soft and hard jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seeds. The jackfruit seed starch (JSS) granules were small (6.4–11.1 μm diameter), round, and bell‐shaped with a smooth surface. Apparent amylose content ranged from 24 to 32% and was higher for the soft variety, which influenced several properties. The starches exhibited A‐type XRD patterns, which contributed to the high peak gelatinization temperatures (72–81°C), and a crystallinity index ranging between 9.3 and 36.9%. Peak viscosities (2362–3373 cP) were similar to cassava starch. However, irrespective of the extraction method, the hard JSS had relatively higher pasting properties (peak viscosity and breakdown), swelling power, and solubility index (90°C) when compared to the soft JSS, which could be associated with the lower amylose content. Significant differences in lipid, protein, and amylose contents were observed in all starches extracted with the NaOH solution. The alkaline solvent decreased the average particle size of JSS by about 36%, probably causing a chemical gelatinization. Additionally, NaOH significantly reduced the crystallinity index and caused minor changes in granule morphology and swelling power.
Zinc distribution in human prostate carcinoma cell line using synchrotron X‐ray microfluorescence
Authors: Rocha K.M.J. , Leitão R.G. , Oliveira‐Barros E.G. , Oliveira M.A. , Canellas C.G.L. , Anjos M.J. , Nasciutti L.E. , Lopes R.T.
Published: July 2017

Cancer is a worldwide public health problem, and its incidence in the world grew by 20% in the last decade. Zinc, an essential trace element, is involved in many cellular processes. Concerning prostate cancer, Zn could inhibit the growth of tumor cells, by inducing cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. X‐ray microfluorescence (μXRF) is an elemental analysis technique that allows mapping biologically important elements at a submillimeter scale, with high sensitivity and negligible damage to the sample. In this study, we investigated cell viability through colorimetric cytotoxicity assay (MTT) and the behavior of human prostate cell lines obtained from normal (RWPE‐1) and tumorigenic (DU145) epithelium, in three‐dimensional spheroid cultures after supplementation with ZnCl2 for 24 and 48 hr using synchrotron μXRF. The measurements were performed at the Synchrotron Light National Laboratory (Campinas, Brazil). The results of μXRF showed that Zn intensity decreased in the DU145 tumor cells independent of supplementation or treatment time, and in normal cells, the intensity increased with supplementation and treatment time. The MTT assay results showed no significant differences, which indicates that the cell viability did not change. Our results indicate that μXRF can be used as an important tool to understand the mechanism of the loss of ability to capture zinc by prostate cancer cells. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterozygous carriers of succinyl‐CoA:3‐oxoacid CoA transferase deficiency can develop severe ketoacidosis
Authors: Sasai Hideo , Aoyama Yuka , Otsuka Hiroki , Abdelkreem Elsayed , Naiki Yasuhiro , Kubota Mitsuru , Sekine Yuji , Itoh Masatsune , Nakama Mina , Ohnishi Hidenori , Fujiki Ryoji , Ohara Osamu , Fukao Toshiyuki
Published: July 2017

Succinyl‐CoA:3‐oxoacid CoA transferase (SCOT, gene symbol OXCT1) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder in ketone body utilization that results in severe recurrent ketoacidotic episodes in infancy, including neonatal periods. More than 30 patients with this disorder have been reported and to our knowledge, their heterozygous parents and siblings have had no apparent ketoacidotic episodes. Over 5 years (2008–2012), we investigated several patients that presented with severe ketoacidosis and identified a heterozygous OXCT1 mutation in four of these cases (Case1 p.R281C, Case2 p.T435N, Case3 p.W213*, Case4 c.493delG). To confirm their heterozygous state, we performed a multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification analysis on the OXCT1 gene which excluded the presence of large deletions or insertions in another allele. A sequencing analysis of subcloned full‐length SCOT cDNA showed that wild‐type cDNA clones were present at reasonable rates to mutant cDNA clones. Over the following 2 years (2013–2014), we analyzed OXCT1 mutations in six more patients presenting with severe ketoacidosis (blood pH ≦7.25 and total ketone body ≧10 mmol/L) with non‐specific urinary organic acid profiles. Of these, a heterozygous OXCT1 mutation was found in two cases (Case5 p.G391D, Case6 p.R281C). Moreover, transient expression analysis revealed R281C and T435N mutants to be temperature‐sensitive. This characteristic may be important because most patients developed ketoacidosis during infections. Our data indicate that heterozygous carriers of OXCT1 mutations can develop severe ketoacidotic episodes in conjunction with ketogenic stresses.
Conservation and development in conflict: regeneration of wildDavidia involucrata(Nyssaceae) communities weakened by bamboo management in south-central China
Authors: Qian Shenhua , Tang Cindy Q. , Yi Sirong , Zhao Liang , Song Kun , Yang Yongchuan
Published: July 2017

Protected areas, including nature reserves and management areas, are established for the conservation of biological diversity and protection of the associated natural and cultural resources. These objectives, however, are often in conflict with socio-economic development. We investigated the plant communities dominated by the dove treeDavidia involucratain a nature reserve on Mount Jinfo, China, where people intensively manage large areas of bamboo stands. We found a significant lack of small-sized main stems ofD.involucrata(0–25 cm diameter at breast height; height > 1.3 m) and newly emerging sprouts in the reserve. The height-class distribution showed a unimodal pattern, with most individuals (of bothD.involucrataand co-occurring species) concentrated in the 16–28 m height-class, and few individuals in the shrub and sub-canopy layer (1.3–8 m). Existing practices to facilitate the spread of bamboo stands, and the need to develop a local market for bamboo shoots received little consideration when the nature reserve was established in 1979 to protectD.involucrata. To conserveD. involucrataon Mount Jinfo the appropriate authorities and local parties involved in bamboo harvesting need to focus on methods that are favourable to the life history of this and other tree species, and strategies for their regeneration. These methods will also benefit the conservation of other highly valued trees that share similar life-history characteristics withD. involucrata.
Migration ofFasciola hepaticanewly excysted juveniles is inhibited by high-mannose and oligomannose-typeN-glycan-binding lectins
Authors: GARCIA-CAMPOS ANDRES , BAIRD ALAN W. , MULCAHY GRACE
Published: July 2017

Fasciola hepaticahas both zoonotic importance and high economic impact in livestock worldwide. After ingestion by the definitive host, the Newly Excysted Juveniles (NEJ) penetrate the intestine before reaching the peritoneal cavity. The role of some NEJ-derived proteins in invasion has been documented, but the role of NEJ glycans or lectin-binding receptors during initial infection in the gut is still unknown. To address these questions, the migration of NEJ through rat intestine was recorded at 30 min intervals up to 150 min by twoex vivomethods. Firstly, jejunal sheets were challenged with NEJ incubated with biotinylated lectins. Secondly, untreated NEJ were incubated with distal jejunum pre-treated with lectins. BothConcanavalin A(ConA) andGalanthus nivalis(GNL), which recognize mannose-typeN-glycans, significantly inhibited NEJ migration across the jejunum. Most of the lectins bound to the tegument and oral sucker of the NEJ, but only ConA and GNL maintained this interaction over 150 min. None of the lectins examined significantly reduced NEJ migration when pre-incubated with jejunal sheets, suggesting that host glycans might not be essential for initial binding/recognition of the gut by NEJ. Agents capable of blocking mannose-typeN-glycans on the NEJ tegument may have potential for disrupting infection.
Production and comprehension of French wh-questions by children with autism spectrum disorder: A comparative study with specific language impairment—CORRIGENDUM
Authors: PRÉVOST PHILIPPE , TULLER LAURICE , BARTHEZ MARIE ANNE , MALVY JOËLLE , BONNET-BRILHAULT FRÉDÉRIQUE
Published: July 2017

The affiliations for the second, third, and fourth authors were incorrect or incomplete, the corrected title page for which is provided herein. We regret these errors and any problems they may have caused.
Modeling the ultra-high intensity laser pulse – cone target interaction for ion acceleration at CETAL facility
Authors: Budrigă O. , D'Humières E.
Published: July 2017

We study the interaction of an ultra-high intensity laser pulse with plastic flat-top cone targets with curved walls and cone targets with straight walls. We find the appropriate type, dimensions of the cone target, and the ultra-high intensity laser pulse parameters for which the accelerated ions have the maximum energy and their number is the highest for a lower angular divergence and a better laser absorption. This numerical study will allow one to prepare and optimize first laser-ion acceleration experiments on CETAL using micro-cone targets.
Is English being challenged by Mandarin in South Korea?
Authors: Kang Hyeon-Seok
Published: July 2017

China's stunning economic growth is now widely recognized around the globe (Wong, 2009). Its gross domestic product (GDP) is now the second largest in the world, and, according to the World Bank (2015), in terms of GDP based on purchasing power parity (PPP), it already has the world's largest economy, surpassing that of the United States. It is commonly claimed that China will be the strongest economic power in the near future, and that it will have a concomitantly more potent political and cultural influence on the rest of the world.
Odysseus under Occupation: Border Crossings’ When Nobody Returns
Authors: Walling Michael
Published: July 2017

In NTQ 123 (August 2015) Michael Walling, Artistic Director of Border Crossings, wrote about his production of This Flesh is Mine, adapted by Brian Woolland from the Iliad. Here he discusses When Nobody Returns, based on The Odyssey, a co-production with Palestine's Ashtar Theatre that reflected contemporary events in a way that was not allegorical but allusive. He explores how the play related to its 2016 context in terms of the refugee crisis, the idea of occupation, and the concept of return. As well as describing the generation of meaning through the interaction of text and context, the piece explores the production in relation to Border Crossings’ wider programme of work, which also includes community engagement with refugees and policy consultation.When Nobody Returns was written by Brian Woolland and co-produced by Border Crossings, Ashtar Theatre, and the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama. It was funded by Arts Council England, British Council Palestine, RBKC's Nour Festival, Arts University Bournemouth, and Rose Bruford College.
PROJETO bRASIL
Authors: MONTEIRO RODRIGO
Published: July 2017

PROJETO bRASIL (PROJECT bRAZIL) is the new theatre performance by Companhia Brasileira de Teatro. It should be seen mainly for its political agenda and its aesthetic merit, yet the manner in which the production presents the arc of its debate is even more relevant.
Revision: review of non-elective hospitalisations of adults with CHD
Authors: Soufi Alexandra , Colman Jack M. , Li Qunyu , Oechslin Erwin N. , Kovacs Adrienne H.
Published: July 2017

Introduction

The adult CHD population is increasing and ageing and remains at high risk for morbidity and mortality. In a retrospective single-centre study, we conducted a comprehensive review of non-elective hospitalisations of adults with CHD and explored factors associated with length of stay.

Methods

We identified adults (⩾18 years) with CHD admitted during a 12-month period and managed by the adult CHD service. Data regarding demographics, cardiac history, hospital admission, resource utilisation, and length of stay were extracted.

Results

There were 103 admissions of 91 patients (age 37±10 years; 52% female). Of 91 patients, 96% had moderate or complex defects. Of 103 admissions, 45% were through the emergency department. The most common reasons for admission were arrhythmia (37%) and heart failure (28%); 29% of admissions included a stay in the ICU. The mean number of consultations by other services was 2.0. Electrophysiology and anaesthesiology departments were most frequently consulted. After removing outliers, the mean length of stay was 7.9±7.4 days (median=5 days). The length of stay was longer for patients admitted for heart failure (12.2±10.3 days; p=0.001) and admitted directly to the ward (9.6±8.9 days; p=0.009).

Conclusions

Among non-electively hospitalised adults with CHD in a tertiary-care centre, management often entails an interdisciplinary approach, and the length of stay is longest for patients admitted with heart failure. The healthcare system must ensure optimal resources to maintain high-quality care for this expanding patient population.
Application of A Novel Three-dimensional Printing Genioplasty Template System and Its Clinical Validation: A Control Study
Authors: Li Biao , Wei Hongpu , Zeng Feini , Li Jianfu , Xia James J. , Wang Xudong
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this control study was to assess the accuracy and clinical validation of a novel genioplasty template system. Eighty-eight patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: experimental group (using genioplasty templates) and control group (without genioplasty templates). For the experimental group, the templates were designed based on computerized surgical plan and manufactured using three-dimensional printing technique. The template system included a cutting guide and a pair of repositioning guides. For the control group, traditional intraoperative measurements were used without genioplasty templates. The outcome evaluation was completed by comparing planned outcomes with postoperative outcomes. Linear and angular differences for the chin was measured and reported using root mean square deviation (RMSD) and the Bland-Altman method. All surgeries were successfully completed. There was no difficulty to use genioplasty templates. For the experimental group, the largest RMSDs were 1.1 mm in anteroposterior direction and 2.6° in pitch orientation. For the control group without templates, the largest RMSDs were 2.63 mm in superoinferior direction and 7.21° in pitch orientation. Our findings suggest that this genioplasty template system provides greater accuracy in repositioning the chin than traditional intraoperative measurements, and the computerized plan can be transferred accurately to the patient for genioplasty.
Antiangiogenic activity of phthalides-enriched Angelica Sinensis extract by suppressing WSB-1/pVHL/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling in bladder cancer
Authors: Chen Meng-Chuan , Hsu Wen-Lin , Chang Wen-Liang , Chou Tz-Chong
Published: July 2017

The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plays a critical role in tumor angiogenesis. It has been reported that the acetone extract of Angelica sinensis (AE-AS) rich in phthalides is able to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. However, whether AE-AS reduces cancer angiogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that AE-AS significantly inhibited the angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo evidenced by attenuation of the tube formation in hypoxic human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), and the vasculature generation in Matrigel plug, the chicken chorioallantoic membrane, and tumors. Treatment with AE-AS markedly decreased the protein accumulation and transcriptional activity of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression/secretion, and VEGFR2 phosphorylation in hypoxic human bladder cancer (T24) cells and tumor tissues accompanied by a reduction of tumor growth. Notably, AE-AS-induced HIF-1α protein degradation may, at least partly, attribute to inhibition of WSB-1-dependent pVHL degradation. Moreover, VEGFR2-activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in hypoxic T24 cells was greatly inhibited by AE-AS. Collectively, AE-AS may be a potential anticancer agent by attenuating cancer angiogenesis via suppression of WSB-1/pVHL/HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR2 cascade.
The A2V mutation as a new tool for hindering Aβ aggregation: A neutron and x-ray diffraction study
Authors: Cantu’ Laura , Colombo Laura , Stoilova Tatiana , Demé Bruno , Inouye Hideyo , Booth Rachel , Rondelli Valeria , Di Fede Giuseppe , Tagliavini Fabrizio , Del Favero Elena , Kirschner Daniel A. , Salmona Mario
Published: July 2017

We have described a novel C-to-T mutation in the APP gene that corresponds to an alanine to valine substitution at position 673 in APP (A673V), or position 2 of the amyloid-β (Aβ) sequence. This mutation is associated with the early onset of AD-type dementia in homozygous individuals, whereas it has a protective effect in the heterozygous state. Correspondingly, we observed differences in the aggregation properties of the wild-type and mutated Aβ peptides and their mixture. We have carried out neutron diffraction (ND) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments on magnetically-oriented fibers of Aβ1-28WT and its variant Aβ1-28A2V. The orientation propensity was higher for Aβ1-28A2V suggesting that it promotes the formation of fibrillar assemblies. The diffraction patterns by Aβ1-28WT and Aβ1-28A2V assemblies differed in shape and position of the equatorial reflections, suggesting that the two peptides adopt distinct lateral packing of the diffracting units. The diffraction patterns from a mixture of the two peptides differed from those of the single components, indicating the presence of structural interference during assembly and orientation. The lowest orientation propensity was observed for a mixture of Aβ1-28WT and a short N-terminal fragment, Aβ1-6A2V, which supports a role of Aβ’s N-terminal domain in amyloid fibril formation.
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibition Prevents Experimental Cerebral Malaria by Precluding CXCR3 Expression on T Cells
Authors: Van Den Ham Kristin M. , Smith Logan K. , Richer Martin J. , Olivier Martin
Published: July 2017

Cerebral malaria induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection is dependent on the sequestration of cytotoxic T cells within the brain and augmentation of the inflammatory response. Herein, we demonstrate that inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity significantly attenuates T cell sequestration within the brain and prevents the development of neuropathology. Mechanistically, the initial upregulation of CXCR3 on splenic T cells upon T cell receptor stimulation was critically decreased through the reduction of T cell-intrinsic PTP activity. Furthermore, PTP inhibition markedly increased IL-10 production by splenic CD4+ T cells by enhancing the frequency of LAG3+CD49b+ type 1 regulatory cells. Overall, these findings demonstrate that modulation of PTP activity could possibly be utilized in the treatment of cerebral malaria and other CXCR3-mediated diseases.