bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reasons for Nonattendance across the Hepatitis C Disease Course
Authors: Butt Gail , McGuinness Liza , Buller-Taylor Terri , Mitchell Sandi
Published: September 2013

This descriptive qualitative study examined the patient, provider, and institutional factors contributing to nonattendance for hepatitis C (HCV) care throughout the disease course. Eighty-four patients and health and social care providers were interviewed. Thematic analysis of the data yielded 6 interrelated nonattendance themes: self-protection, determining the benefits, competing priorities, knowledge gaps, access to services, and restrictive policies. Factors within the themes varied with the disease course, type of provider/service, and patient context. Nonattendance could span months to years and most frequently began at diagnosis where providers either advised that followup was not necessary or did not recommend any followup. The way services were organized (low barrier access) and delivered (nonjudgmental approach) and higher HCV knowledge levels of patients and providers encouraged attendance. This is the first study to explore the reasons for nonattendance for HCV care throughout the disease course and validate them from multiple perspectives. There are missed opportunities for providers to encourage attendance throughout the disease course beginning at diagnosis. Interventions required include development of integrated health and social service delivery models; mechanisms to improve knowledge dissemination of the disease, its management, and treatment; and implementation of standardized followup protocols for liver disease monitoring in primary care.
Intracardiac Echocardiography Guided Transeptal Catheter Injection of Microspheres for Assessment of Cerebral Microcirculation in Experimental Models
Authors: Bellapart Judith , Dunster Kimble R. , Diab Sara , Platts David G. , Raffel Christopher , Gabrielian Levon , Maybauer Marc O. , Barnett Adrian , Boots Robert James , Fraser John F.
Published: September 2013

The use of microspheres for the determination of regional microvascular blood flow (RMBF) has previously used different approaches. This study presents for the first time the intracardiac injection of microspheres using transeptal puncture under intracardiac echocardiography guidance. Five Merino sheep were instrumented and cardiovascularly supported according to local guidelines. Two catheter sheaths into the internal jugular vein facilitated the introduction of an intracardiac probe and transeptal catheter, respectively. Five million colour coded microspheres were injected into the left atrium via this catheter. After euthanasia the brain was used as proof of principle and the endpoint for determination of microcirculation at different time points. Homogeneous allocation of microspheres to different regions of the brain was found over time. Alternate slices from both hemispheres showed the following flow ranges: for slice 02; 0.57–1.02 mL/min/g, slice 04; 0.45–1.42 mL/min/g, slice 06; 0.35–1.87 mL/min/g, slice 08; 0.46–1.77 mL/min/g, slice 10; 0.34–1.28 mL/min/g. A mixed effect regression model demonstrated that the confidence interval did include zero suggesting that the apparent variability intra- and intersubject was not statistically significant, supporting the stability and reproducibility of the injection technique. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the transeptal injection of microspheres, showing a homogeneous distribution of blood flow through the brain unchanged over time and has established a new interventional model for the measurement of RMBF in ovine models.
Antimicrobial Activity ofLippiaSpecies from the Brazilian Semiarid Region Traditionally Used as Antiseptic and Anti-Infective Agents
Authors: Pinto Cristiana da Purificação , Rodrigues Velize Dias , Pinto Fernanda da Purificação , Pinto Renata da Purificação , Uetanabaro Ana Paula Trovatti , Pinheiro Carla Santos Ribeiro , Gadea Suzana Ferreira Magalhães , Silva Tânia Regina dos Santos , Lucchese Angélica Maria
Published: September 2013

Lippia origanoidesKunth,Lippia alnifoliaSchauer, andLippia thymoidesMartius and Schauer are shrubs used in the traditional Brazilian medicine as antiseptics, as well as in the treatment of infectious diseases. This study was designed to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the methanolic extracts of these species, as new potential sources of antimicrobial drugs. The antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts was investigated against resistant yeasts and bacteria by agar disk diffusion. Then, the MIC determination of the most active species and its fractions in hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and water was performed. By the agar diffusion assay, all species were active against at least two microorganisms, giving evidence to support their use in the popular medicine.L. origanoidesleaves exhibited the widest antimicrobial action, inhibiting the growth of two Gram-positive bacteria and two yeasts; this activity was also confirmed by the MIC evaluation. The fractionation ofL. origanoidescrude extracts improved the activity in spectrum and intensity. The results obtained in this study indicate thatL. origanoidesmay be a promising alternative in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections and in the seeking of new antimicrobial drugs.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Substituted 4,4a-Dihydro-3H,10H-pyrano[4,3-b][1]benzopyran-10-one as Antimicrobial Agent
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Sharma Vishal , Budhiraja Abhishek , Kaur Harpreet , Gupta Vivek , Kant Rajni , Ishar Mohan Paul S.
Published: September 2013

A series of pyrano[4,3-b][1]benzopyranones (7a–t) were synthesized through hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of substituted 3-formylchromones (5) with enol ethers (6), characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectral techniques. All the compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against various bacterial and fungal strains, found to possess significant inhibitory potential, particularly, compounds bearing electron withdrawing group -fluoro such as 7i and 7h. Compounds were also tested and displayed a significant inhibitory potential against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Spontaneous-Idiopathic Left Anterior Descending Artery Dissection: Is Watchful Waiting Better Than Immediate Stenting?
Authors: Arrivi A. , Bazzucchi M. , De Paolis M. , Placanica A. , Bock C. , Milici C. , Boschetti E. , Dominici M.
Published: September 2013

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare, complex disease, nowadays poorly understood yet. The lack of firm recommendations about this issue is a great limitation which makes any therapeutic decision controversial. The case described is that of a young, otherwise healthy woman, who presented with an ostial dissection of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Due to patient’s stable clinical and hemodynamic parameters, we used a cautious approach based on watchful waiting and medical therapy, postponing stenting in order to achieve a partial vessel reopening with a more comfortable access to PCI.
“Zebrafishing” for Novel Genes Relevant to the Glomerular Filtration Barrier
Authors: Hanke Nils , Staggs Lynne , Schroder Patricia , Litteral Jennifer , Fleig Susanne , Kaufeld Jessica , Pauli Cornelius , Haller Hermann , Schiffer Mario
Published: September 2013

Data for genes relevant to glomerular filtration barrier function or proteinuria is continually increasing in an era of microarrays, genome-wide association studies, and quantitative trait locus analysis. Researchers are limited by published literature searches to select the most relevant genes to investigate. High-throughput cell cultures and otherin vitrosystems ultimately need to demonstrate proof in anin vivomodel. Generating mammalian models for the genes of interest is costly and time intensive, and yields only a small number of test subjects. These models also have many pitfalls such as possible embryonic mortality and failure to generate phenotypes or generate nonkidney specific phenotypes. Here we describe anin vivozebrafish model as a simple vertebrate screening system to identify genes relevant to glomerular filtration barrier function. Using our technology, we are able to screen entirely novel genes in 4–6 weeks in hundreds of live test subjects at a fraction of the cost of a mammalian model. Our system produces consistent and reliable evidence for gene relevance in glomerular kidney disease; the results then provide merit for further analysis in mammalian models.
Recombinant Rat CC10 Protein Inhibits PDGF-Induced Airway Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation and Migration
Authors: Wei Ying , Xu Yu-Dong , Yin Lei-Miao , Wang Yu , Ran Jun , Liu Qi , Ma Zi-Feng , Liu Yan-Yan , Yang Yong-Qing
Published: September 2013

Abnormal migration and proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) in the airway cause airway wall thickening, which is strongly related with the development of airway remodeling in asthma. Clara cell 10 kDa protein (CC10), which is secreted by the epithelial clara cells of the pulmonary airways, plays an important role in the regulation of immunological and inflammatory processes. Previous studies suggested that CC10 protein had great protective effects against inflammation in asthma. However, the effects of CC10 protein on ASMCs migration and proliferation in airway remodeling were poorly understood. In this study, we constructed the pET-22b-CC10 recombinant plasmid, induced expression and purified the recombinant rat CC10 protein fromE. coliby Ni2+affinity chromatography and ion exchange chromatography purification. We investigated the effect of recombinant rat CC10 protein on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced ASMCs proliferation and migration. Our results demonstrated that the recombinant CC10 protein could inhibit PDGF-BB-induced cell viability, proliferation and migration. Western blot analysis showed that PDGF-BB-induced activation of cyclin D1 was inhibited by CC10. These findings implicated that CC10 could inhibit increased ASMCs proliferation, and migration induced by PDGF-BB, and this suppression effect might be associated with inhibition of cyclin D1 expression, which might offer hope for the future treatment of airway remodeling.
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Hybrid Nanocarrier for Cancer Therapy: Taguchi Orthogonal Array Based Design
Authors: Tekade Rakesh K. , Chougule Mahavir B.
Published: September 2013

Taguchi orthogonal array design is a statistical approach that helps to overcome limitations associated with time consuming full factorial experimental design. In this study, the Taguchi orthogonal array design was applied to establish the optimum conditions for bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanocarrier (ANC) preparation. Taguchi method with L9 type of robust orthogonal array design was adopted to optimize the experimental conditions. Three key dependent factors namely, BSA concentration (% w/v), volume of BSA solution to total ethanol ratio (v : v), and concentration of diluted ethanolic aqueous solution (% v/v), were studied at three levels 3%, 4%, and 5% w/v; 1 : 0.75, 1 : 0.90, and 1 : 1.05 v/v; 40%, 70%, and 100% v/v, respectively. The ethanolic aqueous solution was used to impart less harsh condition for desolvation and attain controlled nanoparticle formation. The interaction plot studies inferred the ethanolic aqueous solution concentration to be the most influential parameter that affects the particle size of nanoformulation. This method (BSA, 4% w/v; volume of BSA solution to total ethanol ratio, 1 : 0.90 v/v; concentration of diluted ethanolic solution, 70% v/v) was able to successfully develop Gemcitabine (G) loaded modified albumin nanocarrier (M-ANC-G) of size25.07±2.81 nm (ζ=-23.03±1.015 mV) as against to78.01±4.99 nm (ζ=-24.88±1.37 mV) using conventional method albumin nanocarrier (C-ANC-G). Hybrid nanocarriers were generated by chitosan layering (solvent gelation technique) of respective ANC to form C-HNC-G and M-HNC-G of sizes125.29±5.62 nm (ζ=12.01±0.51 mV) and46.28±2.21 nm (ζ=15.05±0.39 mV), respectively. Zeta potential, entrapment,in vitrorelease, and pH-based stability studies were investigated and influence of formulation parameters are discussed. Cell-line-based cytotoxicity assay (A549andH460cells) and cell internalization assay (H460cell line) were performed to assess the influence on the bioperformance of these nanoformulations.
Rapid Evaluation of Mutant Exon-11 inc-kitin a Recurrent MCT Case Using CD117 Immunocytofluorescence, FACS-Cell Sorting, and PCR
Authors: Ketpun Dettachai , Sailasuta Achariya , Piyaviriyakul Prapruddee , Onlamoon Nattawat , Pattanapanyasat Kovit
Published: September 2013

A 13-year-old, poodle-mixed, male dog was referred to the oncology unit in our faculty’s small animal teaching hospital with the problem of rapid recurrent MCT. The owner and the veterinarian would like to use a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for the dog. Therefore, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was performed to collect the MCT cells and these cells were submitted to our laboratory for the detection of internal-tandem-duplicated (ITD) mutation of exon-11 inc-kit, prior to the treatment. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the use of combinatorial protocol for the rapid evaluation of ITD mutation in MCT cells harvested by FNA. However, there was no ITD-mutant exon-11 that had been observed in this case.
A Short Period of Ventilation without Perfusion Seems to Reduce Atelectasis without Harming the Lungs duringEx VivoLung Perfusion
Authors: Lindstedt Sandra , Pierre Leif , Ingemansson Richard
Published: September 2013

To evaluate the lung function of donors after circulatory deaths (DCDs),ex vivolung perfusion (EVLP) has been shown to be a valuable method. We present modified EVLP where lung atelectasis is removed, while the lung perfusion is temporarily shut down. Twelve pigs were randomized into two groups: modified EVLP and conventional EVLP. When the lungs had reached 37°C in the EVLP circuit, lung perfusion was temporarily shut down in the modified EVLP group, and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was increased to 10 cm H2O for 10 minutes. In the conventional EVLP group, PEEP was increased to 10 cm H2O for 10 minutes with unchanged lung perfusion. In the modified EVLP group, the arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) was 18.5 ± 7.0 kPa before and 64.5 ± 6.0 kPa after the maneuver (P<0.001). In the conventional EVLP group, the PaO2was 16.8 ± 3.1 kPa and 46.8 ± 2.7 kPa after the maneuver (P<0.01;P<0.01). In the modified EVLP group, the pulmonary graft weight was unchanged, while in the conventional EVLP group, the pulmonary graft weight was significantly increased. Modified EVLP with normoventilation of the lungs without ongoing lung perfusion for 10 minutes may eliminate atelectasis almost completely without harming the lungs.
A Quantitative Analysis of Photovoltaic Modules Using Halved Cells
Authors: Guo S. , Singh J. P. , Peters I. M. , Aberle A. G. , Walsh T. M.
Published: September 2013

In a silicon wafer-based photovoltaic (PV) module, significant power is lost due to current transport through the ribbons interconnecting neighbour cells. Using halved cells in PV modules is an effective method to reduce the resistive power loss which has already been applied by some major PV manufacturers (Mitsubishi, BP Solar) in their commercial available PV modules. As a consequence, quantitative analysis of PV modules using halved cells is needed. In this paper we investigate theoretically and experimentally the difference between modules made with halved and full-size solar cells. Theoretically, we find an improvement in fill factor of 1.8% absolute and output power of 90 mW for the halved cell minimodule. Experimentally, we find an improvement in fill factor of 1.3% absolute and output power of 60 mW for the halved cell module. Also, we investigate theoretically how this effect confers to the case of large-size modules. It is found that the performance increment of halved cell PV modules is even higher for high-efficiency solar cells. After that, the resistive loss of large-size modules with different interconnection schemes is analysed. Finally, factors influencing the performance and cost of industrial halved cell PV modules are discussed.
On (h,k)-Dichotomies for Nonautonomous Linear Difference Equations in Banach Spaces
Authors: Babuţia Mihai Gabriel , Megan Mihail , Popa Ioan-Lucian
Published: September 2013

This paper considers two general concepts of dichotomy for noninvertible and nonautonomous linear discrete-time systems in Banach spaces. These concepts use two types of dichotomy projections sequences (invariant and strongly invariant) and generalize some well-known dichotomy concepts (uniform, nonuniform, exponential, and polynomial). In the particular case of strongly invariant dichotomy projections, we present characterizations of these sequences and connections with other dichotomy concepts existent in the literature. Some illustrative examples clarify the implications between these concepts.
Numerical Solution of Fractional Diffusion Equation Model for Freezing in Finite Media
Authors: Damor R. S. , Kumar Sushil , Shukla A. K.
Published: September 2013

Phase change problems play very important role in engineering sciences including casting of nuclear waste materials, vivo freezing of biological tissues, solar collectors and so forth. In present paper, we propose fractional diffusion equation model for alloy solidification. A transient heat transfer analysis is carried out to study the anomalous diffusion. Finite difference method is used to solve the fractional differential equation model. The temperature profiles, the motion of interface, and interface velocity have been evaluated for space fractional diffusion equation.
Proliferative Activity in Libyan Breast Cancer with Comparison to European and Central African Patients
Authors: Boder Jamela , Abdalla Fathi , Elfagieh Mohamed , Buhmeida Abdelbaset , Collan Yrjö
Published: September 2013

Background. We evaluated the relation of proliferative indices with clinicopathological features and prognosis in breast cancer (BC) of Libyan female patients. The data were compared with corresponding results in Finland and Nigeria.Patients and Methods. Histological samples of breast cancer from 130 patients were retrospectively studied. Mitotic activity index (MAI) and standardized mitotic index (SMI) were estimated.Results. There were statistically significant correlations between the proliferative indices and most clinicopathological features, with the strongest association observed for histological grade (P=0.01for SMI andP=0.003for MAI). The proliferative differences between Libyan, Nigerian, and Finnish population were prominent. The mean values of SMI and MAI in Libyan BC patients were 32.1 mitotic figures per square millimeter and 27.3 mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields, respectively. This is clearly lower than those in Nigeria but much higher than those in Finland. The differences between countries are seen in whole material and are also present in subgroups. The results indicated that mitotic activities can be reliable prognostic indicators in Libyan BCs, as they were among Finnish and Nigerian females. Univariate and multivariate analyses found at cut-offs of 19 and 44 mitosis/mm2of SMI were the most significant prognostic factors.Conclusions. Proliferative indices with careful estimation of the MAI and SMI could be applied as quantitative criteria for Libyan BC to separate the patients into good, moderate, and bad prognosis groups.
Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Glipizide in Presence of Liposomal/Proliposomal Turbidity
Authors: Prasad Neelkant , Issarani Roshan , Nagori Badri Prakash
Published: September 2013

A simple and sensitive ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for quantitative estimation of glipizide in presence of lipid turbidity is described to avoid false estimation due to diffraction by turbidity. UV detection was performed at 230 nm, 225 nm, and 235 nm, and the calibration curve was plotted between resultant of absorbance of [230 nm − (225 nm + 235 nm)/2] and concentration of analyte. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range tested (1–20 μg/mL) with limit of detection of 0.27 μg/mL and limit of quantification of 0.82 μg/mL. Percent relative standard deviations and percent relative mean error, representing precision and accuracy, respectively, for clear as well as turbid solutions, were found to be within acceptable limits, that is, always less than 0.69 and 0.41, respectively, for clear solution and 0.65 and 0.47, respectively, for turbid solution. Conclusively, our method was successfully applied for the determination of glipizide in clear as well as turbid solutions, and it was found that the drug analyte in both types of solutions can be detected from the same calibration curve accurately and precisely and glipizide entrapped in the liposomes or in proliposomal matrix was not detected.
Osteogenic Matrix Cell Sheet Transplantation Enhances Early Tendon Graft to Bone Tunnel Healing in Rabbits
Authors: Inagaki Yusuke , Uematsu Kota , Akahane Manabu , Morita Yusuke , Ogawa Munehiro , Ueha Tomoyuki , Shimizu Takamasa , Kura Tomohiko , Kawate Kenji , Tanaka Yasuhito
Published: September 2013

The objective of this study was to determine whether osteogenic matrix cell sheets (OMCS) could induce bone formation around grafted tendons, thereby enhancing early stage tendon to bone tunnel healing in skeletally mature male Japanese white rabbits. First, the osteogenic potential of rabbit OMCS was evaluated. Then, the OMCS were transplanted into the interface between the grafted tendon and the bone tunnel created at the tibia. Histological assessments and biomechanical tensile testing were performed after 3 weeks. The rabbit OMCS showed high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, positive staining of ALP, and osteogenic potential when transplanted subcutaneously with beta tricalcium phosphate disks. Newly formed bony walls and positive collagen type I staining were seen around the grafted tendon with OMCS transplantation, whereas such bony walls were thinner or less frequent without OMCS transplantation. Micro-computed tomography images showed significantly higher bone volume in the OMCS transplantation group. The pullout strength was significantly higher with OMCS (0.74±0.23 N/mm2) than without OMCS (0.58±0.15 N/mm2). These results show that OMCS enhance early tendon to bone tunnel healing. This method can be applied to cases requiring early tendon to bone tunnel healing after ligament reconstruction surgery.
A New 3D Coordination Polymer of Bismuth with Nicotinic Acid N‐Oxide
Authors: Marandi Farzin , Pantenburg Ingo , Meyer Gerd
Published: September 2013

The new three‐dimensional coordination polymer {[Bi(NNO)2(NO3)]·1.5H2O} n (1, NNO− = nicotinate N‐oxide) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, as well as single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c. The crystal structure consists of a rectangular‐shaped grid constructed with NNO linkers. Cavities of a diameter of 7.9–8.3 Å2 are filled with disordered water molecules. The thermal stability of the compound was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis.
TLR Stimulation of Bone Marrow Lymphoid Precursors from Childhood Acute Leukemia Modifies Their Differentiation Potentials
Authors: Dorantes-Acosta Elisa , Vadillo Eduardo , Contreras-Quiroz Adriana , Balandrán Juan Carlos , Arriaga-Pizano Lourdes , Purizaca Jessica , Huerta-Yepez Sara , Jiménez Elva , Aguilera Wendy , Medina-Sanson Aurora , Mayani Héctor , Pelayo Rosana
Published: September 2013

Acute leukemias are the most frequent childhood malignancies worldwide and remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality of relapsed patients. While remarkable progress has been made in characterizing genetic aberrations that may control these hematological disorders, it has also become clear that abnormalities in the bone marrow microenvironment might hit precursor cells and contribute to disease. However, responses of leukemic precursor cells to inflammatory conditions or microbial components upon infection are yet unexplored. Our previous work and increasing evidence indicate that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the earliest stages of lymphoid development in mice and humans provide an important mechanism for producing cells of the innate immune system. Using highly controlled co-culture systems, we now show that lymphoid precursors from leukemic bone marrow express TLRs and respond to their ligation by changing cell differentiation patterns. While no apparent contribution of TLR signals to tumor progression was recorded for any of the investigated diseases, the replenishment of innate cells was consistently promoted uponin vitroTLR exposure, suggesting that early recognition of pathogen-associated molecules might be implicated in the regulation of hematopoietic cell fate decisions in childhood acute leukemia.
Optimal Lehmer Mean Bounds for the Combinations of Identric and Logarithmic Means
Authors: Shen Xu-Hui , Gong Wei-Ming , Chu Yu-Ming
Published: September 2013

For any α∈0,1, we answer the questions: what are the greatest values p and λ and the least values q and μ, such that the inequalities Lpa,b<Iαa,bL1-αa,b<Lqa,b and Lλa,b<αIa,b+1-αLa,b0 with a≠b? Here, Ia,b, La,b, and Lpa,b denote the identric, logarithmic, and pth Lehmer means of two positive numbers a and b, respectively.
Periodontal Disease Is an Independent Predictor of Intracardiac Calcification
Authors: Pressman Gregg S. , Qasim Atif , Verma Nitin , Miyamae Masami , Arishiro Kumiko , Notohara Yasuhiro , Crudu Vitalie , Figueredo Vincent M.
Published: September 2013

Background. Periodontitis is the most common chronic inflammatory condition worldwide and is associated with incident coronary disease.Hypothesis. We hypothesized that periodontal disease would also be associated with cardiac calcification, a condition which shares many risk factors with atherosclerosis and is considered a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis.Methods. Cross-sectional study at two sites (USA and Japan) involving subjects with both clinical echocardiograms and detailed dental examinations. Semiquantitative scoring systems were used to assess severity of periodontal disease and echocardiographic calcification.Results. Fifty-six of 73 subjects (77%) had cardiac calcifications, and 51% had moderate to severe periodontal disease (score > 2). In unadjusted analysis, a significant relationship between periodontal score and cardiac calcification (Spearman rho = 0.4,P=0.001) was noted, with increases in mean calcification score seen across increasing levels of periodontal disease. On multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for age, gender, race, glomerular filtration rate, and traditional risk factors, this association remained significant (P=0.024). There was no significant interaction by study site, race, or gender.Conclusions. In a multiracial population, we found a significant association between the degree of periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory condition, and cardiac calcification. Further, higher periodontal scores were associated with greater degrees of calcification.
Preliminary Characterization of Genipin-Cross-Linked Silk Sericin/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Films as Two-Dimensional Wound Dressings for the Healing of Superficial Wounds
Authors: Siritientong Tippawan , Ratanavaraporn Juthamas , Srichana Teerapol , Aramwit Pornanong
Published: September 2013

The genipin-cross-linked silk sericin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films were developed aiming to be applied as two-dimensional wound dressings for the treatment of superficial wounds. The effects of genipin cross-linking concentration on the physical and biological properties of the films were investigated. The genipin-cross-linked silk sericin/PVA films showed the increased surface density, tensile strength, and percentage of elongation, but decreased percentage of light transmission, water vapor transmission rate, and water swelling, compared to the non-cross-linked films. This explained that the cross-linking bonds between genipin and silk sericin would reduce the mobility of molecular chains within the films, resulting in the more rigid molecular structure. Silk sericin was released from the genipin-cross-linked films in a sustained manner. In addition, either L929 mouse fibroblast or HaCat keratinocyte cells showed high percentage of viability when cultured on the silk sericin/PVA films cross-linked with 0.075 and 0.1% w/v genipin. Thein vivosafety test performed according to ISO 10993-6 confirmed that the genipin-cross-linked silk sericin/PVA films were safe for the medical usages. The efficacy of the films for the treatment of superficial skin wounds will be further investigatedin vivoand clinically. The genipin-cross-linked silk sericin/PVA films would be promising choices of two-dimensional wound dressings for the treatment of superficial wounds.
An Immunocytochemical Study of Interchromatin Granule Clusters in Early Mouse Embryos
Authors: Bogolyubova Irina , Bogolyubov Dmitry
Published: September 2013

Interchromatin granule clusters (IGCs) are universal nuclear domains. Their molecular composition and functions were studied in detail in somatic cells. Here, we studied IGCs in the nuclei of early mouse embryos during zygotic gene activation (ZGA). We found that the size of IGCs gradually increases during realization of ZGA events. Using immunocytochemical approaches, we showed that the molecular composition of IGCs is also modified in mouse embryos. The hyperphosphorylated form of RNA polymerase II and the transcription factor TFIID have been revealed in IGCs before the end of ZGA. Association of these factors with IGCs became more noticeable during ZGA realization. Our data suggest that IGCs in early mouse embryos have some functional peculiarities connected most probably with IGC formationde novo. We believe that IGCs in early mouse embryos not only are storage sites of splicing factors but also may be involved in mRNA metabolism and represent the multifunctional nuclear domains.
Myogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Newly Developed Neurotised AV-Loop Model
Authors: Bitto Franz F. , Klumpp Dorothee , Lange Claudia , Boos Anja M. , Arkudas Andreas , Bleiziffer Oliver , Horch Raymund E. , Kneser Ulrich , Beier Justus P.
Published: September 2013

Generation of axially vascularized muscle tissue constitutes a promising new approach to restoration of damaged muscle tissue. Mesenchymal stemcells (MSC), with their ability to be expanded to large cell numbers without losing their differentiation capacity into the myogenic lineage, could offer a promising cell source to generate neomuscle tissue. In vitro experiments showed that cocultures of primary myoblasts and MSC undergo myogenic differentiation by stimulation with bFGF and dexamethasone. A newly developed AV-Loop model with neurotization was established in this study. It encompasses axial vascularization and the additional implantation of a motor nerve serving as myogenic stimulator. Myoblasts and MSCs were coimplantated in a prevascularized isolation chamber. Cells were differentiated by addition of bFGF and dexamethasone plus implantation of a motor nerve. After 8 weeks, we could observe areas of myogenic differentiation withα-sarcomeric actin and MHC expression in the constructs. Quantitative PCR analysis showed an expression of myogenic markers in all specimens. Thus, neurotization and addition of bFGF and dexamethasone allow myogenic differentiation of MSC in an axially vascularized in vivo model for the first time. These findings are a new step towards clinical applicability of skeletal muscle tissue engineering and display its potential for regenerative medicine.
Measurement of Temperature Field for the Spindle of Machine Tool Based on Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors
Authors: Liu Mingyao , Zhang Erlong , Zhou Zude , Tan Yuegang , Liu Yi
Published: September 2013

The change of spindle temperature field is an important factor which influences machining precision. Many methods of spindle temperature field measurement have been proposed. However, most of the methods are based on the electric temperature sensors. There exist some defects (e.g., anti-interference, multiplexing, and stability capacity are poor). To increase the temperature sensitivity and reduce strain sensitivity of the bare Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor, a cassette packaged FBG sensor is proposed to measure spindle temperature field. The temperature characteristics of the packaged FBG sensor are studied by comparative experiment with traditional thermal resistor sensor. The experimental results show that the packaged FBG sensor has the same capacity of temperature measurement with the thermal resistor sensor but with more remarkable antiinterference. In the further measurement experiment of the temperature field, a spindle nonuniform temperature field is acquired by the calibrated FBG sensors. It indicates that the packaged FBG sensor can be used to measure the temperature field for the spindle of machine tool.
Reliability Analysis of the Engineering Systems Using Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set Theory
Authors: Garg Harish , Rani Monica , Sharma S. P.
Published: September 2013

The present paper investigates the reliability analysis of industrial systems by using vague lambda-tau methodology in which information related to system components is uncertain and imprecise in nature. The uncertainties in the data are handled with the help of intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) theory rather than fuzzy set theory. Various reliability parameters are addressed for strengthening the analysis in terms of degree of acceptance and rejection of IFS. Performance as well as sensitivity analysis of the system parameter has been investigated for accessing the impact of taking wrong combinations on its performance. Finally results are compared with the existing traditional crisp and fuzzy methodologies results. The technique has been demonstrated through a case study of bleaching unit of a paper mill.
Incidence and Variants of Posterior Arch Defects of the Atlas Vertebra
Authors: Guenkel Sebastian , Schlaepfer Sladjana , Gordic Sonja , Wanner Guido A. , Simmen Hans-Peter , Werner Clément M. L.
Published: September 2013

In order to describe the incidence and existing variants of congenital anomalies of the atlas vertebrae in a Caucasian population, we examined 1069 CT scans of the upper cervical spine. We found 41 cases with altered atlas vertebrae, representing 3.8% of all analyzed patients. With 83% of all found anomalies, the predominant type is characterized by a small dorsal cleft (3.2% of all patients). Rare varieties feature unilateral or bilateral dorsal arch defects, combined anterior and posterior clefts (0.2% of all patients) or total erratic atlas vertebra malformation (0.1% of all patients). Atlas arch defects are found nearly 4% at the time. Most anomalies affect the posterior arch, whereas the anterior arch or both are rarely affected. Totally irregular C1 vertebrae are extremely infrequent.
Malignancy Risk Assessment in Patients with Thyroid Nodules Using Classification and Regression Trees
Authors: Taghipour Zahir Shokouh , Binesh Fariba , Mirouliaei Mehrdad , Khajeh Elias , Noshad Sina
Published: September 2013

Purpose.We sought to investigate the utility of classification and regression trees (CART) classifier to differentiate benign from malignant nodules in patients referred for thyroid surgery.Methods.Clinical and demographic data of 271 patients referred to the Sadoughi Hospital during 2006–2011 were collected. In a two-step approach, a CART classifier was employed to differentiate patients with a high versus low risk of thyroid malignancy. The first step served as the screening procedure and was tailored to produce as few false negatives as possible. The second step identified those with the lowest risk of malignancy, chosen from a high risk population. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of the optimal tree were calculated.Results.In the first step, age, sex, and nodule size contributed to the optimal tree. Ultrasonographic features were employed in the second step with hypoechogenicity and/or microcalcifications yielding the highest discriminatory ability. The combined tree produced a sensitivity and specificity of 80.0% (95% CI: 29.9–98.9) and 94.1% (95% CI: 78.9–99.0), respectively. NPV and PPV were 66.7% (41.1–85.6) and 97.0% (82.5–99.8), respectively.Conclusion.CART classifier reliably identifies patients with a low risk of malignancy who can avoid unnecessary surgery.
The Parity-Associated Microenvironmental Niche in the Omental Fat Band Is Refractory to Ovarian Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Cohen Courtney A. , Shea Amanda A. , Heffron C. Lynn , Schmelz Eva M. , Roberts Paul C.
Published: September 2013

Ovarian cancer is an insidious and aggressive disease of older women, typically undiscovered before peritoneal metastasis due to its asymptomatic nature and lack of early detection tools. Epidemiologic studies suggest that child-bearing (parity) is associated with decreased ovarian cancer risk, although the molecular mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon have not been delineated. Ovarian cancer preferentially metastasizes to the omental fat band (OFB), a secondary lymphoid organ that aids in filtration of the peritoneal serous fluid (PSF) and helps combat peritoneal infections. In the present study, we assessed how parity and age impact the immune compositional profile in the OFB of mice, both in the homeostatic state and as a consequence of peritoneal implantation of ovarian cancer. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis and quantitative real-time PCR, we found that parity was associated with a significant reduction in omental monocytic subsets and B1-B lymphocytes, correlating with reduced homeostatic expression levels of key chemoattractants and polarization factors (Ccl1, Ccl2, Arg1, and Cxcl13). Of note, parous animals exhibited significantly reduced tumor burden following intraperitoneal implantation compared with nulliparous animals. This was associated with a reduction in tumor-associated neutrophils and macrophages, as well as in the expression levels of their chemoattractants (Cxcl1 and Cxcl5) in the OFB and PSF. These findings define a preexisting “parity-associated microenvironmental niche” in the OFB that is refractory to metastatic tumor seeding and outgrowth. Future studies designed to manipulate this niche may provide a novel means to mitigate peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 6(11); 1182–93. ©2013 AACR.
Melanoma Task Force (META) Project in Italy: Methodology
Authors: Mingozzi Elisa , Fregosi Stefania , Gandini Sara , Stanganelli Ignazio , Chiarion-Sileni Vanna , Testori Alessandro
Published: September 2013

A nationwide survey of the diagnostic-therapeutic models used in Italian hospitals for the treatment of melanoma was performed. The study was conducted using paper-assisted personal interviews in hospitals throughout the country [De Vaus DA: Surveys in Social Research, ed 4. London, Routledge, 1995]. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by interviewers specialized in medical research. These 45-minute interviews took place in the office/clinic of the interviewee, during which the interviewer compiled and checked questionnaires for completeness and accuracy. In each hospital, clinicians responsible for the diagnosis, therapy or follow-up phases of melanoma care were interviewed according to their area of expertise. When possible, interviewees included a dermatologist, a surgeon and an oncologist from each hospital.
Surgical and Endoscopic Treatment of Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis: A Multidisciplinary Update
Authors: Issa Y. , van Santvoort H.C. , van Goor H. , Cahen D.L. , Bruno M.J. , Boermeester M.A.
Published: September 2013

Chronic pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas with abdominal pain as the most prominent symptom. Adequate treatment of patients with chronic pancreatitis remains a major challenge, mainly because of the lack of evidence-based treatment protocols. The primary goal of treatment is to achieve long-term pain relief, control of the complications associated with the disease, and to restore the quality of life. Currently, a conservative step-up approach is often used for the treatment of pain; progression to severe and intractable pain is considered necessary before invasive treatment is considered. Recent studies, however, suggest that surgical intervention should not be considered only as last-resort treatment, since it can mitigate disease progression, achieve excellent pain control, and preserve pancreatic function. In this review, we present a state-of-the art overview of endoscopic and surgical treatment options for patients with painful chronic pancreatitis, and elaborate on the timing of surgery.
Kinetics of Hepatitis B Virus Load During Haemodialysis Sessions and α-Interferon: A Prospective Study
Authors: Fabrizi Fabrizio , Lunghi Giovanna , Alongi Giancarlo , Aucella Filippo , Barbisoni Francesco , Bisegna Sergio , Mangano Stefano , Romei-Longhena Giorgio , Artoni Andrea , Bettoni Giuseppe , Messa Piergiorgio , Martin Paul
Published: September 2013

Background: It has been reported a slow progression of hepatitis B in patients undergoing maintenance dialysis, and a role of dialysis session per se has been suggested. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the kinetics of the hepatitis B viral load (HBV DNA) in serum during haemodialysis sessions using a highly sensitive technique; the role of interferon-α in lowering HBV viral load in such patients was also investigated. Methods: HBV DNA was determined in 24 HBsAg positive patients on maintenance hemodialysis immediately before and after a 4-hour hemodialysis session, the same measurements were repeated 48 and 72 hours later. HBV DNA quantitation was performed by a novel RealTime PCR assay. Serum IFN-α levels were tested in parallel in a subset of HD sessions (n=40) by ELISA. Results: 20 (83%) HBsAg positive patients had detectable HBV DNA in serum. Positive status for HBV DNA in serum was not predicted by demographic, clinical or biochemical parameters. HBV load decreased in many patients after hemodialysis sessions 5.92 log10 IU/mL (95% CI, 5.34 to 6.28 log10 IU/mL) vs. 4.79 log10 IU/mL (95% CI, 4.23 to 6.15 log10 IU/mL) (P=0.02). A significant relationship between mean HBV DNA levels before dialysis and percentage reduction of HBV DNA during HD sessions occurred [F-test=5.41, rho (least squares)=0.307]. Increase of serum IFN-α levels was found in a minority (3/40=7%) of HD sessions. Conclusions: Hemodialysis procedure gives reduction of HBV load in HBsAg chronic carriers; no relationship with IFN-α activity during HD sessions was found. The kinetics of HBV viremia in HD procedures could explain the low viral load which is typically observed in these patients. Further studies to identify the mechanisms responsible for reduction of HBV viremia during HD procedures are under way.
Stroke-Associated Pneumonia: Major Advances and Obstacles
Authors: Hannawi Yousef , Hannawi Bashar , Rao Chethan P. Venkatasubba , Suarez Jose I. , Bershad Eric M.
Published: September 2013

Background: Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) has been implicated in the morbidity, mortality and increased medical cost after acute ischemic stroke. The annual cost of SAP during hospitalization in the United States approaches USD 459 million. The incidence and prognosis of SAP among intensive care unit (ICU) patients have not been thoroughly investigated. We reviewed the pathophysiology, microbiology, incidence, risk factors, outcomes and prophylaxis of SAP with special attention to ICU studies. Methods: To determine the incidence, risk factors and prognosis of acute SAP, PubMed was searched using the terms ‘pneumonia' AND ‘neurology intensive unit' and the MeSH terms ‘stroke' AND ‘pneumonia'. Non-English literature, case reports and chronic SAP studies were excluded. Studies were classified into 5 categories according to the setting they were performed in: neurological intensive care units (NICUs), medical intensive care units (MICUs), stroke units, mixed studies combining more than one setting or when the settings were not specified and rehabilitation studies. Results: The incidences of SAP in the following settings were: NICUs 4.1-56.6%, MICUs 17-50%, stroke units 3.9-44%, mixed studies 3.9-23.8% and rehabilitation 3.2-11%. The majority of NICU and MICU studies were heterogeneous including different neurovascular diseases, which partly explains the wide range of SAP incidence. The higher incidence in the majority of ICU studies compared to stroke units or acute floor studies is likely explained by the presence of mechanical ventilation, higher stroke severity causing higher rates of aspiration and stroke-induced immunodepression among ICU patients. The short-term mortality of SAP was increased among the mixed and stroke unit studies ranging between 10.1 and 37.3%. SAP was associated with worse functional outcome in the majority of stroke unit and floor studies. Mortality was less consistent among NICU and MICU studies. This difference could be due to the heterogeneity of ICU studies and the effect of small sample size or other independent risk factors for mortality such as the larger neurological deficit, mechanical ventilation, and age, which may simultaneously increase the risk of SAP and mortality confounding the outcomes of SAP itself. The pathophysiology of SAP is likely explained by aspiration combined with stroke-induced immunodepression through complex humeral and neural pathways that include the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, parasympathetic and sympathetic systems. Conclusions: A unified definition of SAP, strict inclusion criteria, and the presence of a long-term follow-up need to be applied to the future prospective studies to better identify the incidence and prognosis of SAP, especially among ICU patients.
Diagnostic Accuracy of CT Perfusion Imaging for Detecting Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Biesbroek J.M. , Niesten J.M. , Dankbaar J.W. , Biessels G.J. , Velthuis B.K. , Reitsma J.B. , van der Schaaf I.C.
Published: September 2013

Background: The aim of the current study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of CT perfusion (CTP) for the detection of ischemic stroke by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of published reports. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library using the terms ‘perfusion computed tomography', ‘ischemic stroke' and synonyms. We included studies that: (1) reported original data, (2) studied the diagnostic value of CTP for detecting ischemic stroke, (3) used MRI-DWI, follow-up MRI or follow-up CT as the reference standard, (4) included at least 10 patients who were suspected of ischemic stroke, and (5) reported the number of true positives, true negatives, false positives and false negatives for the diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Results: Fifteen studies were finally included in the current review with a total of 1,107 patients. A pooled analysis resulted in a sensitivity of 80% (95% confidence interval, CI: 72-86%) and a specificity of 95% (95% CI: 86-98%). Almost two thirds of the false negatives were due to small lacunar infarcts; the remaining false negatives were mostly due to limited coverage. Conclusions: The current systematic review shows that CTP has a high sensitivity and a very high specificity for detecting infarcts.