bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metástasis duodenal de cáncer de mama. Presentación atípica y resolución quirúrgica no habitual
Authors: Muñoz Jaramillo Roberto , Ojeda Sonia , Fumo Tomás , Uranga Lucio , Zerbo Oscar , Mikolaitis Vanesa , Corti Rodolfo
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor and the leading cause of death worldwide. The most frequent sites of metastatic involvement are the bone, liver and lung, and less than 1% compromise the gastrointestinal tract. The case of a patient with a history of breast cancer treated with chemotherapy and subsequent duodenal relapse is presented below. A cephalic duodenopancreatectomy (CDP) and adjuvant chemotherapy were performed with favorable evolution.
Cien duodenopancreatectomías cefálicas laparoscópicas. Experiencia de dos grupos de trabajo
Authors: Uranga Lucio , Kohan Gustavo , Bisio Luciano , Ditulio Ornella Agnes , Monestés Jorge Omar , Carbajal Maldonado Ángela Leonor , Raffín Gabriel , Duek Fernando , Lendoire Javier , Inventarza Oscar
Published: May 2021

Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy is a challenge for the surgeon due to its technical difficulty. The learning curve is long and difficult. Objective. To show the joint experience of two surgeons in more than 100 laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy. Material and methods. We analysed all patients treated by laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy by two specialist surgeons in the period between May 2012 and May 2018. Inclusion criteria: patients with periampullary disease with indication of pancreatoduodenectomy. Exclusion criteria: patients with evident vascular compromise by images, metastatic disease or bad performance status. Results. Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy was performed in 108 patients; 61 surgeries were totally laparoscopic, 35 were hybrid surgeries, and 12 were converted to open surgery. There was a significant decrease in operative time from case number 30. Twelve surgeries (11.3%) were converted. Pancreatic fistula occurred in 35 of 108 patients (32.4%). Twenty-six patients presented pancreatic fistula type A (24.1%), and 9 (8.3%) fistula B/C. The B/C fistula rate was 8.2% in laparoscopic pancreatic anastomosis, 8.6% in those reconstructed by mini-laparotomy and 8.3% in the converted patients. Reoperation was required (Dindo-Clavien 3) in 19 patients (17.5%). Mortality was 4.6% (5 patients), 2 within 30 days and 3 within 90 days. The median total hospital stay was 8.5 days (range: 4-83). Conclusion. Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy is a viable and reproducible procedure that should be applied in selected cases during the learning curve, increasing its application as the number of operations carried out increases.
Tuberculosis de la vía biliar
Authors: Pierini Ángel , Pierini Leandro , Ruiz Guillermo , García Hevia Alejandro , Meneghini Rodrigo
Published: May 2021

Biliary TBC is a rare entity, possibly underdiagnosed and is, therefore, a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge today, due to the increase in its incidence in the population. There are no pathognomonic characteristics of imaging diagnosis of biliary TBC; for this reason, it is obtained by histopathological study of the piece. We present the clinical case of a 29-year-old female patient who consults for progressive jaundice, choluria, and pruritus. As the only antecedent of hierarchy, she is the veterinary of large animals. The patient is studied with laboratory, ultrasound and magnetic resonance, with suspected bile duct tumors. Surgical behavior is decided with gallbladder and bile duct resection and biliodigestive anastomosis with pathological anatomy and PCR (C-reactive protein) that reports TBC of the bile duct.
DEVELOPMENTS OF THE KURDISH QUESTION IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN
Authors: BAYBURDYAN VAHAN
Published: May 2021

After the 1979 Islamic revolution in Iran, the leaders of the
Kurdish parties and organizations that had been in exile during the shah
regime, returned to their motherland. One of the influential Kurdish
parties, the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan brought forth the
following slogan: “Democracy to Iran, autonomy to Kurdistan”. But this
demand for autonomy was rejected by the Islamic regime and its leader
Imam Khomeini with the argumentation that the idea of autonomy for
small nations paved the way for separatism and segregation of Iran. Thus,
the government brought forward the principle of the administrative and
cultural so-called self-management of the regions populated by small
nations. This was rejected by the Kurds and other small nations living in
Iran. The negotiations between the Islamic regime and different Kurdish
political forces brought no result and the confrontation between the two
parties sometimes turned into armed clashes. During the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq war the Iranian government wanted peace in the Iranian Kurdistan as this would guarantee a stable and secure rear under conditions of war. The article shows that there is no unity between the leaders of Kurdish society, they have quite different views concerning the needs of the Kurdish people and as a rule they represent political positions and
objectives contradicting each other. Presently the Iranian authorities have adopted a policy of avoiding apparent clashes with the Kurds. The government makes social and
economic reforms in the regions populated by Kurds, they build roads,
create jobs, etc. Hassan Rouhani, the president of the Islamic Republic of
Iran tries to demonstrate a policy of some liberalization in the Kurdish
regions.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF ARMENIAN-IRANIAN LITERARY RELATIONS IN K. MELIK-OHANJANYAN’S SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE.
Authors: KOZMOYAN ARMANUSH
Published: May 2021

In his work, Academician K. Melik-Ohanjanyan classifies the Armenian-Iranian medieval literary connections. The methodological and innovative nature of his work demonstrates that he is one of the first to prove that the mutual influences of motives and images are socially and historically determined. Based on the empirical material of samples of Persian and Armenian medevial literature he demonstrates both genetic and typological community; moreover, these relations sometimes have synthesis character in the long historic timespan.
ON THE ETHNIC STRUCTURE OF MEDIA
Authors: KHORIKYAN HOVHANNES
Published: May 2021

The study of the history of Media is very significant for Armenia too, as the past of both countries is closely related to each other in different historical periods. In the following article the information about the Gelae, the Mardi, the Anariacae, the Derbices, kept in the primary source, is being discussed. Research shows that the given tribes belonged to the
Iranian World without any exceptions. Some important and wrinkled issues on the historical geography of the 10th Satrapy were examined in the article, the elucidation of which has an important meaning for studying the history of the Achaemenid Empire and Ancient Iran.
Digital: a economia que move as empresas e o mundo: onde estamos e aonde podemos chegar
Authors:   Fundação Dom Cabral, Alberto Arruda de Oliveira Carlos , Regina Guimarães de Menezes Heloísa ,   Fundação Dom Cabral
Published: May 2021

A coleção “Digital: as 100 questões mais relevantes sobre a economia que move as organizações e os países” defende, assim como o World Economic Forum e a Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico, que a economia digital seja inclusiva, confiável e sustentável. O esforço colaborativo de lideranças e pensadores de atuação nacional e internacional levantou 100 provocações e insights sobre o tema, organizados em sete e-books. O primeiro é dedicado a questões internacionais e conceituais, enquanto os demais exploram eixos orientadores ou drivers da economia digital.
Los derechos humanos como paradigma de la educación en la universidad
Authors: Ayérdiz Danny Ramírez , Varela Caio
Published: May 2021

Con el enflaquecimiento de la vocación de bienestar de los Estados y la proliferación del capitalismo neoliberal, los gobiernos han propiciado, a través de las estructuras de educación, una acelerada transformación de la funcionalidad social de la educación, hacia una funcionalidad de mercado. Boaventura de Sousa adjudica esta nueva funcionalidad de mercado de la universidad “a una crisis institucional”, como consecuencia del actuar de las dictaduras latinoamericanas del pasado y el subsecuente neoliberalismo que llegó o continuó con la democracia al “poner la universidad al servicio del proyectos modernizantes autoritarios, abriendo al sector privado la producción del bien público de la universidad y obligando a la universidad pública a competir en condiciones desleales en el emergente mercado de los servicios universitarios”.
“Por primera vez se reconoce en términos políticos, sociales y culturales la existencia de la comunidad LGBTI”
Authors: Montiel Samira
Published: May 2021

Cuando el procurador de derechos humanos toma la decisión de hacer este nombramiento, este no se hace de manera discreta ni en privado como es lo usual cuando se nombra procuradores, sino que se hace de una manera pública, lo más pública posible. Se quería impactar en la sociedad.
Challences Facing Tutors in the Teaching of Visual Arts Education in National Teacher Colleges in Uganda
Authors: Ssegantebuka Julius , Tebenkana Timothy , Edopu Ritah , Sserunjogi Patrick , Kanuge John Bosco
Published: May 2021

The study examined the challenges faced by tutors in the teaching of the visual arts education (VAE) in national teachers’ colleges (NTCs) in Uganda. The study adopted a qualitative approach where tutors’ and pre-service visual arts teachers’ (PVATs) views about the challenges facing them in the teaching and learning in visual arts were expressed. Data were collected from two pur­posively selected NTCs, and ten tutors. Yet, the 48 second year PVATs who participated in this study, were randomly selected from the many who were available. The researchers used interviews, document reviews and focus group discussions to collect data. The findings show that the challenges facing tutors in the teaching of visual arts have a great impact on what PVATs learn. Some visual art disciplines have too much content to be covered within a short period of two years. There is a general lack of teaching resources, such as art materials, tools and equipment, textbooks, and inadequate teaching space. The researchers recommended the reduction of the content of some visual art disciplines to fit the available time; provide art materials, tools and equipment as well as adequate teaching space which would allow the use of more appropriate teaching methods which would avail tutors with the opportunity to perform to their expectations in visual arts teaching.
Mixed Methods Research in Tourism: a Systematic Sequential Approach
Authors: Mason Peter , Augustyn Marcjanna M. , Seakhoa-King Arthur
Published: May 2021

Purpose: This article discusses the use of mixed methods research in tourism. It provides the rationale for the use of mixed methods and discusses the context in which this was chosen and used. It outlines the major research philosophies, and their advantages and disadvantages, and discusses the systematic, sequential, step-by-step research processes that were employed. The article also analyses the potential usefulness of specific qualitative data collection techniques.

Method: The context of the article was a study investigating what tourists associate with tourism destination quality (henceforth referred to as the TDQ study). The article indicates the nature of the phases of research in the TDQ study, beginning with the qualitative exploratory research involved. It discusses how questions were designed, and the pre-testing and piloting of questions and research techniques. It provides details on the main qualitative and subsequent quantitative phases of the research.

Findings: The article argues that an initial systematic qualitative phase of research can be used within an overall mixed methods approach to precede a quantitative phase with a successful outcome in terms of robust and rigorous research findings. Additionally, the results of the pilot study data indicate the superiority of the in–depth interviews technique over focus group interviews and open-ended questionnaires in terms of the technique’s effectiveness, efficiency, and ability to generate in-depth, detailed and unique data.

Research and conclusion limitation: The article discusses only one case study in detail.

Practical implication: Although not intended to be prescriptive, this article could be used as a blueprint for those involved in research involving similar methodology.

Originality: This article advances knowledge of the effectiveness of mixed method methodologies and techniques in tourism studies. By providing a detailed account of a systematic sequential mixed method approach, the paper provides insights into and a potential blueprint for researchers interested in conducting such research.

Type of paper: research methodology article.
Approaches to Tourism Research and Higher Education in Slovakia after 2010
Authors: Gúčik Marian , Marciš Matúš
Published: May 2021

Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyse the development and trends of tourism research and education in Slovakia. Its partial objective is (1) to present the development of tourism research before and after socio-political changes in Slovakia in 1990, and (2) to evaluate the trends in tourism research according to research projects and related dissertation and habilitation theses from 2010 to 2020. Methods. Based on a critical review of the research project, analysis of dissertation and habilitation theses, in the article, we examine trends in tourism research and education at academic institutions that have been focused on tourism between the years 2010 and 2020. Findings. In the article, a brief overview of tourism research and higher education in Slovakia is presented and based on the research projects and related dissertations and habilitation theses identifying trends in tourism research. Research and conclusions limitations. Research limitations concern data availability regarding trends in tourism research as well as the application of the literature review method, which solely relies on previously published research and the availability of these studies. Practical implications. In the article, possible further directions for tourism research in Slovakia are proposed. Originality. In the article, we present the approaches to tourism research and higher education in Slovakia after 2010. The development and history, as well as trends in tourism research, require more attention from tourism researchers. Without systematic tourism research in the past, there would be no present or future of tourism education. Type of paper. Empirical research.
The Role of Pathology in the Era of Personalized (Precision) Medicine: A Brief Review
Authors: Vranic Semir , Gatalica Zoran
Published: May 2021

This review provides a brief overview of the state-of-the-art molecular pathology approaches emphasizing the increasingly important pathology role in clinical precision cancer medicine. Recent advances in molecular biology and genetics have tremendously affected the practice of anatomic pathology, gradually transforming it from a morphology-based into a molecular- based discipline. Molecular diagnostics has a long tradition in pathology, especially in clinical pathology. The improvement of methodology for genomic testing in recent years has made it one of the cornerstones of precision cancer medicine. The decisions related to cancer treatments are no longer solely based on the histopathological diagnosis. Various genomic analyses of human cancers are being incorporated into diagnostic and decision-making algorithms.

 Conclusion. The pathologists continue to play an essential role in developing and implementing molecular and genomic tests in practice and communicate the results and their relevance with clinicians. Such activities are of utmost importance for successfully translating scientific advancements into a benefit to patients (“next-generation pathologists”).
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: Moving Beyond Pathological Complete Response in the Molecular Age
Authors: Provenzano Elena
Published: May 2021

This review focuses on neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer which introduces practical issues for pathologists, including predicting response, optimising specimen handling, size measurement and assessment of residual disease, and recent advances in management of the axilla. The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer is increasing, and it has become standard of care for high risk Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 positive and triple negative breast cancers. The benefits of the neoadjuvant approach extend beyond pathological complete response to tumour downstaging permitting conservative surgi- cal options in the breast and axilla, and assessment of response provides valuable prognostic information to enable escalation and de-escalation of adjuvant therapy to optimise oncological outcomes. Hence histopathologists play a vital role in patient management in the neoadjuvant setting. Optimal patient selection for neoadjuvant chemotherapy requires consideration of pre- treatment histopathological and molecular tumour characteristics. Post chemotherapy, tumour staging can be challenging, and changes in criteria for measurement of primary tumour and metastases in the 7th and 8th editions of the TNM have led to confu- sion amongst pathologists. This review offers practical guidance on specimen handling and measurement of lesion size. Mov- ing forwards more detailed information on degree of response will be required for adjuvant therapy decision making, and the Residual Cancer Burden is emerging as the preferred method for quantifying residual disease not just within clinical trials but in routine practice. Recent advances in management of the axilla are discussed, including the significance of minimal residual disease in the form of isolated tumour cells and micrometastases which portend a worse prognosis in the neoadjuvant setting.

Conclusion. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy now forms part of routine breast cancer management, and detailed histopathological assessment and an understanding of the importance of molecular tumour biology is essential for clinical decision making.
Update on Diagnosing and Reporting Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Savic Ivana , Myers Jeffrey
Published: May 2021

In this review, we summarize current approaches to diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma, focusing on the distinction from benign mesothelial proliferations and other malignant tumors. Current recommendations for reporting histological sub-type and tumor grade are also reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on immunohistochemical and molecular tools that may help in establishing the diagnosis of mesothelioma with greater confidence. Immunohistochemical stains for BRCA1-associated protein (BAP1) and methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) and homozygous deletion of p16 using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are emphasized as important methods for distinguishing benign from malignant mesothelial prolifera- tions.

Conclusions. Diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma is a heterogeneous group of aggressive pleural tumors for which histological classification plays an increasingly important role in patient management. Stage and resectability remain key drivers of therapeutic strategies and outcomes. There is an increasingly robust suite of diagnostic tools, including immunohistochemical stains for BAP1 and MTAP and p16 FISH, for differentiating benign from malignant mesothelial proliferations in cytology and tissue specimens.
Patient with Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast and Activating AKT1 E17K Variant
Authors: Trivedi Harsha , Hamdani Omar , Thomas Brittani , Richard James , Shah Kunal , Raskina Kira , Zhang Liang , Madigan Audrey , Fox Marshall , Wander Seth , Frigault Matthew J. , Alexander Brian , Srkalovic Gordan
Published: May 2021

Objective. To present the characteristics of the AKT1E117K gene variant and a description of the clinical application in a patient with metastatic breast cancer.

Results. 63 y/o woman with Stage IV Invasive lobular carcinoma at diagnosis was treated with Palbociclib and aromatase inhibitors (AI). At progression, tissue was sent for comprehensive genomic profiling to Foundation Medicine (FM) which revealed AKT1E17K mutation. In lieu of available clinical data within the patient’s tumor type (HR+ HER2- breast cancer), extrapolated data from the Flatiron Health-FM (FH-FMI) Clinico-genomic Database (CGDB) was dis- cussed at our Molecular Tumor Board (MTB). After multidisciplinary discussion, the consensus recommendation was to start treatment with the combination of mTOR inhibitor everolimus, and AI, exemestane. Patient tolerated treatment without major side effects. By the second clinical visit the patient’s breast showed signs of improvement. PET/CT showed diminished left axillary uptake, decreased right paratracheal lymph node PET avidity, and stable bone disease consistent with a partial response. The most recent office visit in January 2021, breast exam revealed a normal-appearing skin with only faint erythema. All other skin lesions have resolved. Although, the role of AKT1 variant described here is not well defined and therapeutic significance of M-Tor inhibitors not established in metastatic breast cancers, comprehensive approach to this case unraveled new and successful therapeutic option in this patient. Conclusion. This demonstrates that applying available Precision Medicine tools like MTB and real world data sets from patient populations with similar clinical and genomic profiles may provide more options for treatment.
ACOUSTIC SCHWANNOMA WITH INTRATUMORAL HEMORRHAGE –REPORT OF AN UNUSUAL COMPLICATION
Authors: Rocha Magalhães Letícia , Gasquez Magnesi Larissa , Alborghetti Nai Gisele
Published: May 2021

Acoustic Schwannoma is a benign neoplasm of the 8th cranial nerve pair, and accounts for 8-10% of all intracranialtumors. Intratumoral haemorrhage is unusual in these tumors and can lead to hydrocephalus or aggravate a preexisting condition. This paper reports a case of acoustic Schwannoma in a child with complication with intratumoral hemorrhage that lead patient to death. Female patient, 9 years old, presented anacusis on the right, sudden, progressing with vomiting, intense headache and vertigo. Magnetic resonance imaging of the skull showed expansive lesion in the cistern of the right cerebellar angle, with content inside the internalauditory canal, with compression of the adjacent brain stem. The diagnostic hypothesis was acoustic Schwannoma. It progressed with worsening of headache, initially controlled with medication and later loss of consciousness. Computed tomography of the skull revealed an expansive lesion in the cistern of the right cerebellar angle with signs of bleeding with extension to the ventricular system. External ventricular shunt was performed, but the patient evolved with several complications, septic shock and death. Intratumoral hemorrhage in the acoustic Schwannoma is a rare event, but its occurrence worsens the clinical picture and may lead to death of the patients due to intracranial hypertension.
Gesamtrechtsnachfolge, Datenschutzrecht und Vertragsgestaltung
Authors: Cordes Christoph Anton
Published: May 2021

Against the backdrop of the Federal Court of Justice's seminal ruling on the inheritability of a Facebook user account, this study examines whether and to what extent generalizable parameters can be developed for handling the digital estate and in which constellations the applicable law requires case-specific differentiation. For the analysis of a user’s digital assets the study will examine in particular the data protection law of the GDPR as well as the contractual leeway of the social media service providers under German T&C law.
Werte, Ängste, Hoffnungen
Authors: Grimm Petra , Müller Michael , Trost Kai Erik
Published: May 2021

The digitization has had a significant impact on cultural, social and political discourse in recent years. This qualitative study explores how people think about digitization, what stories and experiences they associate with it, and what their attitudes are. Of particular interest is how the narrators deal with the value conflicts they experience in the digitalized world. Methodologically, the study explores these values using an narrative approach with group and individual interviews.
Mozart-Perspektiven
Authors: Brügge Joachim
Published: May 2021

Mozart's String Quintet in D major, KV 593, in the reception of a French filmmaker (Éric Rohmer) and a Russian private scholar of the 19th century (Alexander Oulibicheff); Mozart's piano concertos as model questioning of intertextuality; Friedrich Gulda's idiosyncratic Mozart interpretations—Mozart's instrumental music proves to be an incessantly fascinating challenge for everyone interested in his compositions. Modern Mozart research must bring together all the areas it encapsulates: its philological source material as well as modern reception and interpretation research, which also includes a look at the formal aspects of Mozart's music.
Rozvíjanie zručnosti počúvania s porozumením vo výučbe odborného nemeckého jazyka pre stredne pokročilých na Ekonomickej univerzite v Bratislave
Authors: Kucharová Jana , Kunovská Ingrid
Published: May 2021

Komunikatívna výučba cudzích jazykov si vyžaduje rozvíjať u učiacich sa všetky jazykové zručnosti a kompetencie s cieľom nadobudnúť čo najvyššiu komunikatívnu kompetenciu v cieľovom jazyku.  Platí to i pre výučbu odborného jazyka. Na  jednotlivých fakultách Ekonomickej univerzity v Bratislave absolvujú študenti dvoj- až trojsemestrálne kurzy odborného jazyka v dvoch zvolených cudzích jazykoch. Nemecký jazyk je po angličtine druhým najpočetnejšie zastúpeným cudzím jazykom v rámci výučby na našej univerzite. Študenti si nemčinu vyberajú predovšetkým ako druhý cudzí jazyk. Úroveň jeho ovládania je preto nižšia, v rámci týchto kurzov dosahuje maximálne úroveň B1 podľa Spoločného európskeho referenčného rámca pre jazyky. O to viac je potrebné ponúknuť študentom možnosť zlepšovať ich komunikačné schopnosti pomocou rôznych metód, foriem i prostriedkov výučby a ukázať im, ako sa jazykovej výučbe môžu venovať aj samostatne, po absolvovaní kurzov odborného nemeckého jazyka v rámci ich vysokoškolského štúdia. Preto sme sa v rámci projektu KEGA (KEGA 005EU-4/2018) rozhodli zaoberať problematikou rozvíjania receptívnej jazykovej zručnosti počúvania s porozumením v rámci výučby odborného nemeckého jazyka pre stredne pokročilých na jednotlivých fakultách Ekonomickej univerzity v Bratislave. Ako prostriedok na rozvíjanie počúvania s porozumením sme si na už existujúcej platforme vytvorili vlastný podcast. Použili sme ho ako médium, prostredníctvom ktorého sme postupne študentom zverejňovali nahrávky s textami na počúvanie s porozumením a rôzne typy úloh k nim. V príspevku prezentujeme čiastkové výsledky našej doterajšej práce a formulujeme východiská pre ďalšie, ešte hlbšie skúmanie zvolenej problematiky.
Online authentic texts in business English classes – a practical perspective
Authors: Pavlíková Žaneta , Zamborová Katarína
Published: May 2021

Foreign language teaching is common practice in all types of schools in today´s globalized world to prepare students for active use of language in professional practice.Using information communication technologies (ICT) to teach a foreign language in the tertiary level, can greatly contribute to students´ better preparedness for the labor market, whether at home or abroad. The use of these technologies also contributes to reaching high effectiveness in the learning process, increases students´ motivation to learn the language, leads to logical thinking and increases students´ ability to express themselves in communication.In this paper the authors focus on the practical use of authentic online texts for teaching English as a foreign language mainly at the tertiary level of education. The main purpose is to discuss the issue of authenticity in EFL classrooms and give a practical picture of the possibilities offered by the wide range of authentic online texts.
Problematizando o livro didático: uma análise da obra “Fundamentos de Filosofia” de Gilberto Cotrim e Mirna Fernandes
Authors: Silveira Thiago Coelho
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o livro didático “Fundamentos de Filosofia” de autoria de Gilberto Cotrim e Mirna Fernandes, com um olhar mais específico sobre o uso das imagens na constituição da obra. A pesquisa justifica-se, dentre outros motivos, pela necessidade de ampliação dos estudos acerca do livro didático de Filosofia enquanto ferramenta capaz de aproximar os jovens do Ensino Médio da disciplina durante o processo formativo. Para tanto, utilizou-se da metodologia da pesquisa documental, no que diz respeito à busca de informações acerca dos autores, e bibliográfica, de forma a conduzir a análise acerca da obra e do referencial teórico pertinente ao tema. Como resultado, apresentamos uma contribuição para o quadro geral da produção acadêmica na área de Ensino de Filosofia, colaborando para alçar um maior espaço para os estudos que tomam as ferramentas pedagógicas, como o livro didático, enquanto objeto de análise.
La imagen del Otro chino a través de las portadas: un estudio empírico basado en un corpus de traducciones de narrativa china contemporánea al castellano y al catalán (1949-2019)
Authors: An Tsun-Wei
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo se centra en revelar la imagen del Otro chino que se puede encontrar en las portadas de la narrativa china contemporánea traducidas al castellano y/o al catalán que se publicaron en España desde 1949 hasta 2019.

La traducción, desde la antigüedad, ha desempeñado un papel clave en la comunicación entre países y culturas. En este proceso, aparte del texto, los paratextos también se encargan de transmitir información y conocimientos socio-culturales de otras literaturas. Además, ofrecen un espacio aún más libre para que los agentes mediadores desplieguen su ideología con el fin de producir una imagen que pueda acercarse más a las expectativas de los lectores receptores.

Las 197 portadas recopiladas en nuestro corpus revelan que los paratextos han servido como plataforma valiosa para establecer la imagen del Otro chino en España un tanto distorsionada, ya que, basándonos en un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo, apreciamos una discordancia temporal entre los modelos chinos que se presentan en las portadas y los que subyacen en el contenido de la obra. Del mismo modo, en este trabajo también encontramos un uso incoherente de los sinogramas en las portadas, que se convierten en una marca cultural con el fin de subrayar el carácter exótico de la cultura china.

En definitiva, a través del análisis de las portadas de las traducciones de la narrativa china contemporánea al castellano y al catalán, confirmamos que la imagen de los chinos ha sido parcialmente manipulada, mostrándose un estereotipo estancado en la antigüedad, con un uso más predominante del sexo femenino y recurriendo a tópicos exotizantes como la escritura.
Ensemble modeling of watershed‐scale hydrologic effects of short‐rotation woody crop production
Authors: Vache Kellie , Meles Menberu Bitew , Griffiths Natalie A , Jackson C Rhett
Published: May 2021

Short‐rotation woody crop (SRWC) production involves a set of silvicultural practices that aim to produce large volumes of biomass over relatively short time frames. The area over which these practices are employed is likely to increase in the coming decades as the demand for bioenergy increases, but the potential effects of this change in land management, including the hydrologic effects, are largely unknown. Here we outline the results from an ensemble modeling study that was developed to forecast the range of potential hydrological responses to the implementation of SRWC production over areas that are large (>1000 ha) relative to the size of individual clearcuts. The three models, SWAT, MIKE‐SHE, and Envision‐SRS, a physically based model designed to represent watersheds with dynamic land cover, represent a range of simulation tools that include hydrological response to landcover change. Results suggest that SRWC production will affect the hydrologic balance, primarily through changes in the volume of transpired water associated with the rapidly growing young stands. In particular, average annual actual evapotranspiration (ET) rates tend to decline under SRWC production in response to the less mature vegetation. These reductions in ET are balanced in the hydrological cycle through elevated groundwater recharge, expressed in the model results as elevated annual stream discharge. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Ultrafast Photo‐ion Probing of the Ring‐Opening Process in Trans‐Stilbene Oxide
Authors: Robinson Matthew S. , Niebuhr Mario , Lever Fabiano , Mayer Dennis , Metje Jan , Gühr Markus
Published: May 2021

The ultrafast photo‐induced ring opening of the oxirane derivative trans‐stilbene oxide has been studied through the use of ultrafast UV/UV pump‐probe spectroscopy by using photo‐ion detection. Single‐ and multiphoton probe paths and final states were identified through comparisons between UV power studies and synchrotron‐based vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) single‐photon ionization studies. Three major time‐dependent features of the parent ion (sub‐450 fs decay, (1.5±0.2) ps, and >100 ps) were observed. These decays are discussed in conjunction with the primary ring‐opening mechanism of stilbene oxide, which occurs through C−C dissociation in the oxirane ring. The appearance of fragments relating to the masses of dehydrogenated diphenylmethane (167 amu) and dehydrogenated methylbenzene (90 amu) were also investigated. The appearance of the 167 amu fragment could suggest an alternative ultrafast ring‐opening pathway via the dissociation of one of the C−O bonds within the oxirane ring.
Spatial distribution and driving factors determining local food and feed self‐sufficiency in the eastern regions of China
Authors: Li Yang , Sun Zhigang , Accatino Francesco
Published: May 2021

Achieving food and feed self‐sufficiency is important for both China and the world. While China's food self‐sufficiency has been examined at the national and provincial levels, few studies consider lower administrative levels or different food and feed items. This study quantifies self‐sufficiency in the eastern regions of China and examines correlations with agronomic (arable area, yield, fertilizer input, and machinery power) and socioeconomic (population density, gross domestic product [GDP]) variables at the local level, which are related to the interactions of the Sustainable Development Goals. We calculated food and feed balances, and checked correlations across and within regions grouped by population density levels between production, balance indices, and other agronomic and socioeconomic variables. The results showed that most regions can achieve self‐sufficiency in cereals, vegetables, and meat. Regarding eggs and maize, there was self‐sufficiency in the north but deficiency in the south. Nearly all regions demonstrated extreme shortages of milk and soybeans. The results also showed a positive correlation between the production of some food commodities and the population in eastern regions of China, demonstrating that the aim of achieving food self‐sufficiency at the local level is pursued. For cereals, vegetables, and maize, the yield and arable land per capita were positive factors for self‐sufficiency, while GDP per capita was a negative factor for cereals, meat, and maize. Various factors have different impacts on the food and feed self‐sufficiency of regions based on population density. Protecting arable land by rural revitalization and mitigating urban sprawl can retain food and feed self‐sufficiency in large cities. This study outlines important implications for policymakers seeking to achieve food and feed self‐sufficiency in China.
Proteomic analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification technology reveals mechanisms of toxic effects of tris (1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propyl) phosphate on RAW264.7 macrophage cells
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Ruiguo , Giesy John P. , Zhang Su , Wei Shulin , Wang Peilong
Published: May 2021

Tris (1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) is one of the most commonly used organophosphorus flame retardants. Immuno‐toxicity induced by TDCIPP is becoming of increasing concern. However, effects of TDCIPP on immune cells and mechanisms resulting in those effects are poorly understood. In this study, it was determined, for the first time, by use of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) based proteomic techniques expression of global proteins in RAW264.7 cells exposed to 10 μM TDCIPP. A total of 180 significantly differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Of these, 127 were up‐regulated and 53 were down‐regulated. The DEPs associated with toxic effects of TDCIPP were then screened by use of Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes for enrichment analysis. Results showed that these DEPs were involved in a number of pathways including apoptosis, DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, immune‐toxicity, and signaling pathways, such as the Toll‐like receptor, PPAR and p53 signaling pathways. The complex regulatory relationships between different DEPs, which might play an important role in cell death were also observed in the form of a protein–protein interaction network. Meanwhile, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in RAW264.7 cells after TDCIPP treatment was also analyzed, the collapse of the MMP was speculated to play an important role in TDCIPP induced apoptosis. Moreover, some of the important regulator proteins discovered in this study, such as Chk1, Aurora A, would provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in toxic responses to TDCIPP.
COVID‐19 Cross‐Infection Rate After Surgical Procedures: Incidence and Outcome
Authors: Mettias Bassem , Mair Manish , Conboy Peter
Published: May 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV‐2) is transmitted by droplet as well as airborne infection. Surgical patients are vulnerable to the infection during their hospital admission. Some surgical procedures are classified as aerosol generating (AGP).

Study Design

Retrospective observational study of four specialties associates with known AGP's during the 4 months of the first wave of UK COVID‐19 epidermic to identify post‐surgical cross‐infection with SARSCoV‐2 within 14 days of a procedure.

Methods

Retrospective observational study in a tertiary healthcare center of four specialties associates with known AGP's during the 4 months of the first wave of UK COVID‐19 epidermic to identify post‐surgical cross‐infection with SARSCoV‐2 within 14 days of a procedure.

Results

There were 3,410 procedures reported during this period. The overall cross‐infection rate from tested patients was 1.3% (4 patients), that is, 0.11% of all operations over 4 months. Ear, nose, and throat carried slightly higher rate of infection (0.4%) than gastroenterology (0.08%). The mortality rate was 0.3% (one gastroenterology patient from 304 positive cases) compared to 0% if surgery performed after recovery from SARSCoV‐2 and 37.5% when surgery was conducted during the incubation period of the disease. Routine preoperative rapid screening tests and self‐isolation are crucial to avoid the risk of cross‐infection. Patients with underlying malignancy or receiving chemotherapy were more prone to pulmonary complications and mortality.

Conclusion

The risk of SARS‐COV‐2 cross‐infection after surgical procedure is very low. Preoperative screening and self‐isolation together with personal protective measures should be in place to minimize the cross‐infection.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2749–E2754, 2021
Analytical and numerical solutions of a two‐dimensional multiterm time‐fractional diffusion model
Authors: Zhang Jinghua
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we consider a two‐dimensional multiterm time‐fractional diffusion model equation in a rectangular domain. Its analytical solution is obtained by the method of separation of variables. We present an alternating direction implicit (ADI) scheme by using the Legendre spectral method in space and weighted and shifted Grünwald difference operators in time. Stability and convergence of the approximation scheme are established by L2‐norm and L∞‐norm. Especially, the corrected weighted shifted Grünwald difference (CWSGD) scheme is utilized to improve the convergence accuracy. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results. The results indicate that the present numerical method is effective for this general multiterm time‐fractional diffusion model.
Patient‐to‐robot registration: The fate of robot‐assisted stereotaxy
Authors: Machetanz Kathrin , Grimm Florian , Wang Sophie , Bender Benjamin , Tatagiba Marcos , Gharabaghi Alireza , Naros Georgios
Published: May 2021

Background

Robot‐assisted stereotaxy (RAS) promises higher stereotactic accuracy (SA) and time efficiency (TE) than frame‐based stereotaxy. However, both aspects are attributed to the problem of patient‐to‐robot registration.

Objective

To examine different registration techniques regarding their SA and TE.

Methods

This study enrolled 57 patients undergoing RAS with bone fiducial registration (BFR) or laser surface registration (LSR). SA was measured by the entry point error (EPE). Additionally, predictors of SA (registration error [RegE], distance‐to‐registration plane [DTC]) and TE (imaging, skin‐to‐skin) were assessed.

Results

The mean SA was 1.0 ± 0.8 mm. BFR increased SA by reducing RegE and DTC. In LSR, EPE depended on DTC (face and forehead) with highest accuracy for DTC ≤100 mm. CT‐based LSR exerted a higher SA than MR‐based LSR. In BFR, TE was confined by the additional imaging.

Conclusion

Every registration technique counteracts one of the promises of RAS. New solutions are needed to increase the acceptance of RAS in neurosurgery.
Interface Structure and Dynamics in Polymer‐Nanoparticle Hybrids: A Review on Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Improved Interfaces
Authors: Sattar Mohammad Abdul
Published: May 2021

In a nano‐assembly of soft polymer chains and hard filler nanoparticles (NPs), the intermolecular interactions at the polymer‐filler interface lead to variations in viscoelastic properties in the vicinity of the NP surface. However, unravelling the molecular parameters controlling the entropic and enthalpic interactions, including polymer chain conformation, dynamics, dispersion mechanisms and confinement effects across the interfacial region, has been remote and challenging. Even though the polymer‘s molecular structure and the NPs surface chemistry contribute to these interfacial interactions, the underlying mechanism behind the enhanced dynamic‐mechanical performance is still a hot topic of debate. By controlling the chemistry of NPs and polymer matrix in model nanocomposites, many efforts have been made in elucidating the physical origin of the structure and dynamics of the interfacial polymer layer with estimates varying from 1 to 10 nm around the spherical NPs. Therefore, understanding the interface structure and dynamics influenced by polymer‐NP interaction is of great technological importance. In this article, the latest polymer‐particle interface literature developments are reviewed where computational simulations, calorimetry, and dielectric spectroscopy studies have been used to examine the constraints levied by the interface structure on segmental relaxation dynamics of polymer chains in the vicinity of NP surface.
Recent Advances in Synthesis and Biological Assessment of Quinoline‐Oxygen Heterocycle Hybrids
Authors: Kumar Gourav , Saroha Bhavna , Kumar Ramesh , Kumari Meena , Kumar Suresh
Published: May 2021

The exploration of hybrid molecules for targeting various diseases represents a highly promising approach which has showcased significant momentum worldwide, in the last two decades. Diversely substituted quinoline scaffolds present in naturally occurring bioactive compounds, signify their role in various biological processes and stimulated the research developments around it, for diverse therapeutic applications. With the ongoing search for suitable pharmacophores, the quinoline derivatives have emerged as versatile compounds possessing significant and broad spectrum of biological activities. Further, conjugation of quinoline with other bioactive heterocycles containing oxygen yielded hybrid organic frameworks with improved therapeutic profile leading to an emerging paradigm and tremendous growth in the contemporary drug discovery regime. The synthesis of these hybrid skeletons with high efficiency still remains the most strenuous task and a lot of research work is being performed in this direction. In the present article, we have reviewed the synthetic protocols leading to quinoline‐oxygen heterocycle hybrids and also highlighted the systematic and biological assessment of developed pharmacophores.
Macrocyclic Complexes Derived from 2,6‐Diformyl‐4‐X‐phenol: Substituent Effects and Phosphate Hydrolysis Activity
Authors: Wang Yang , Mao Jiawei , Wu Yu , Li Ruixiang , Yan Juntao
Published: May 2021

Two 20‐membered macrocyclic complexes, [Cu2L1(ClO4)2] (1) and [Ni2L2(ClO4)2(H2O)2][Cu2L2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 (2) (where H2L1 and H2L2 are the condensation products of ɑ, ω‐amine with 3,3′‐((propane‐1,3‐diylbis(azanylylidene)) bis(methanylylidene))bis(5‐X‐2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde)), have been synthesized and characterized by X‐ray diffractions single crystal structure analysis. The results indicated that the structures of two complexes are symmetrical. In complex 1, the geometry around each copper(II) center is a slightly distorted square pyramidal with structural index parameter τ=0.062 for Cu1 and 0.067 for Cu2, the distance between Cu1 and Cu2 is 3.1075 Å. Complex 2 contains two similar macrocyclic units (A and B), the metal‐metal distances in A and B are 3.0760 and 3.0922 Å, respectively. The interaction between the complexes and calf thymus (CT‐DNA) were investigated by spectroscopic method. The phosphate hydrolysis activities of the complexes were examined using 4‐nitrophenyl phosphate disodium salt hexahydrate (pNPP) as the substrate. The corresponding catalytic rate constant (kcat) at pH 7.2 are 2.14×10−5 and 2.85×10−5 s−1, respectively, 104 times faster than the spontaneous hydrolysis of phosphate monoester.
Surgical management and long‐term outcome of complete penoscrotal transposition in a dog
Authors: Abramo Nicole Marie , Cavanaugh Ryan Patrick , Rawlins‐Vaughan Gilda , Bolfa Pompei
Published: May 2021

A 1.66 kg, approximately 4‐week‐old, intact male canine mixed breed was evaluated for 'urinating backward'. Genitourinary evaluation revealed that the preputial opening was not patent, and his penis traversed in a caudal direction, exiting in the perineum caudal to the scrotum. Testicles were not palpated at this time. Over an 8‐week period as the dog continued to undergo musculoskeletal maturation, the scrotum would become intermittently infected, and the dermal exit site of the penis constricted the penis resulting in marked paraphimosis. En bloc preputial resection, phallectomy, scrotal ablation, castration and perineal urethrostomy (PU) were performed to correct this abnormality. Histopathology confirmed only a left testicle within the scrotum. Abdominal imaging and anti‐Mullerian hormone assay confirmed right testicular cryptorchidism. Two months after the initial surgery, successful removal of the retained right testicle was performed, and the dog was reported to be urinating through the PU stoma normally. This is the first reported case of penoscrotal transposition in a dog.