bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of nafamostat mesilate as a regional anticoagulant during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Lee Jae Ha , Park Jin Han , Jang Ji Hoon , Kim Se Hun , Hong Sung Yong , Heo Woon , Lee Dong-Hwan , Choi Hye Sook , Kim Ki Hoon , Jang Hang-Jea
Published: April 2022

Background: Anticoagulation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) usually is required to prevent thrombosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of nafamostat mesilate (NM) as a regional anticoagulant during veno-arterial ECMO (VA-ECMO) treatment. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 16 patients receiving VA-ECMO and NM from January 2017 to June 2020 at Haeundae Paik Hospital. We compared clinical and laboratory data, including activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), which was measured simultaneously in patients and the ECMO site, to estimate the efficacy of regional anticoagulation. Results: The median patient age was 68.5 years, and 56.3% of patients were men. Cardiovascular disease was the most common primary disease (75.0%) requiring ECMO treatment, followed by respiratory disease (12.5%). The median duration of ECMO treatment was 7.5 days. Among 16 patients, seven were switched to NM after first using heparin as an anticoagulation agent, and nine received only NM. When comparing aPTT values in the NM group between patients and the ECMO site, that in patients was significantly lower than that at the ECMO site (73.57 vs. 79.25 seconds; P=0.010); in contrast, no difference was observed in the heparin group. Conclusions: NM showed efficacy as a regional anticoagulation method by sustaining a lower aPTT value compared to that measured at the ECMO site. NM should be considered as a safer regional anticoagulation method in VA-ECMO for patients at high risk of bleeding.
Perceptions towards mask use in school children during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: descriptive results from the longitudinal Ciao Corona cohort study
Authors: Ammann Priska , Ulyte Agne , Haile Sarah R. , Puhan Milo A. , Kriemler Susi , Radtke Thomas
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Mask wearing contributes to the reduction of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In Switzerland, compulsory use of masks was introduced in indoor public spaces and later in schools. This study explored perceptions of the usefulness of masks in school and public in a cohort of children and adolescents in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, in January to May 2021.
METHODS: School children aged 10 to 17 years enrolled in Ciao Corona, a prospective school-based cohort study, responded to nested online surveys between 12 January and 24 March 2021 (Q1) and 10 March and 16 May 2021 (Q2). Secondary school children were surveyed at Q1 and Q2, and primary school children at Q2 only. Surveys for parents and their children included questions on the children’s perception of the usefulness of masks and mask wearing behaviour by applying a non-validated questionnaire. Associations between perceived usefulness of masks and child’s school level and gender, and parents’ educational attainment were analysed with Pearson’s and McNemar’s chi-square tests. Free-text comments provided by children were classified into categories of expressed attitude towards mask wearing.
RESULTS: A total of 595 (54% girls) and 1118 (52% girls) school children with predominantly Swiss nationality and a high socioeconomic status responded to online questionnaires at Q1 and Q2, respectively. More than half of the school children perceived masks to be useful at school (Q1: 60% and Q2: 57%) and in public (Q1: 69% and Q2 :60%). Girls perceived masks as useful more often than boys (at Q2 at school: 61% versus 53%, in public: 64% versus 57%), and children of parents with high educational attainment more often than those of parents with lower educational attainment (at Q2 at school: 61% versus 49%, in public: 63% versus 54%). At Q1 and Q2 each, about 20% of children provided individual statements about masks, of which 36% at Q1 and 16% at Q2 reported side effects and discomfort such as skin irritations, headache or difficulties breathing during physical education.
CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 60% of school children perceived masks at school and in public places as useful. A small but non-negligible proportion of children reported discomfort and side effects that should be considered to ensure high adherence to mask wearing among school children. A validation of the questionnaire is needed.
Urban green spaces for support healthiness in Jakarta during the COVID-19 pandemic: A quantitative study
Authors: Setiowati Retno , Mizuno Kosuke , Hasibuan Hayati Sari , Koestoer Raldi Hendro
Published: April 2022

This research analyzes the criticality of Urban Green Spaces (UGS) environmental and health benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, restrictions on mobility, safety concerns, and restricted access during the implementation of social distancing policies tend to use UGS to provide alternative spaces for social interaction and health. This is a severe concern to Jakarta, as the epicenter of the pandemic outbreak with limited UGS. An online survey was conducted from March to April 2021 to understand better and investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the use of UGS and behavior-changing of visitation. The results show that respondents continued to use UGS during the pandemic and considered it more beneficial for health. However, the result showed that residents’ considerations of staying active for health reasons, reduced stress, and boredom. This research provides empirical evidence illustrating the value of UGS as a resilient city infrastructure, therefore, the management policy in this city can be considered with potential application to other cities.
Fenton like oxidative degradation of toxic water pollutants by iron nanoparticles synthesized via facile green route using waste iron rust as the iron precursor
Authors: Rawat Shalu , Singh Jiwan
Published: April 2022

Corrosion of iron by oxidation is a global problem that affects the economy and gives rise to environmental pollution. Iron rust is oxide or hydroxide of iron, it can be used as a secondary iron source which will lead to its management as well as reduce the pressure on primary iron sources. In the present study, waste iron rust was used as the precursor of iron for the synthesis of iron nanoparticles via the green route using extract of dried Jatropha leaf. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using different instrumental techniques. Synthesized iron nanoparticles bear an extremely large specific surface area of 190.2 m2/g. The catalytic potential of synthesized nanoparticles was tested for the degradation of toxic organic pollutants phenol and p-nitrophenol (PNP) in an aqueous solution. Both the pollutants were removed rapidly in the initial 30 minutes of the reaction time. Optimization of the removal process was done by varying different variables. Maximum removal of phenol (~98%) and PNP (~95%) was achieved at 0.1 g/L concentration of nanoparticles. The degradation reaction rate was determined by pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics and the data was found to be followed best by the pseudo-first-order kinetics.
Age-dependent patterns of the baseline cytokine levels in unstimulated peripheral blood samples
Authors: Lagereva Yu. G. , Palitsyna O. V. , Ischenko N. V.
Published: April 2022

The cytokine levels in unstimulated peripheral blood samples differ in relation to age, living conditions (environmental situation, state of medical care, quality of life, etc). Thus, the essential task is to determine normal levels of peripheral blood cytokines for different age groups with respect to regional characteristics. This study aimed to investigate age-associated patterns of the baseline levels for some cytokines in unstimulated peripheral blood samples in healthy children and adults. The studies were carried out at the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology (Clinical and Diagnostic Centre, Yekaterinburg). Peripheral blood samples were taken in 149 healthy children aged from 7 months to 18 years. Group 1 was 7 to 12 months old (29 infants); group 2 was 1 to 3 years old (33 children); group 3 was 4 to 7 years old (29 children); 4th group was 8 to 14 years old (26 children); 5th group, 15 to 18 years old (32 children); and 6th group included 42 adults (19 to 45 years old). The concentrations of TNFα, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-18 in blood serum were determined by common ELISA technique using Vector-Best kits (Novosibirsk, Russia). Analysis of the data made it possible to identify various patterns of age-dependent changes of baseline levels for the determined cytokines: IL-2 showed an increase in concentration by the age of 1-3 years, stable contents up to 18 years, and decreased concentrations in adulthood. IFNγ was at zero levels in children and adolescents, followed by increased levels in adults. IL-4 and IL-6 showed consistently low levels in children and adolescents, with a decrease to zero levels in adult subjects. IL-18, TNFα were at maximal levels at the age of below 7 years followed by a decrease in concentration; IL-1β, IL-17 exhibited bimodal changes, with maximal contents at the age of 1-3 years, and repeated increase in adult age. Nearly stable baseline concentration was noted for IL-10, with a slight increase at 1-3 years, like as for IL-8, with a moderate increase at 15-18 years. For majority of analyzed cytokines, the maximal baseline contents in unstimulated peripheral blood samples were found in children aged 1-3 years.
Effect of second-hand smoke on the immunological parameters of wistar rats and their offspring
Authors: Kuzmicheva N. A. , Mikhailova I. V. , Chaynikova I. N. , Pushkareva L. A. , Filippova Yu. V. , Smolyagin A. I.
Published: April 2022

The literature covers multiple negative effects of active and passive tobacco smoking upon the human body and experimental animals. Much lesser attention is given to the features of the immune system in offspring from the passively smoking experimental animals. In previous works, we studied physiological and immunological parameters in the infant rats born from passively smoking rats. The present work expands the scope of this direction and is devoted to assessment of immunological parameters in passively smoking pregnant rats and their offspring. Quantitative determination of immunological parameters was carried out in pregnant Wistar rats exposed to passive tobacco smoking and in 65 pup rats from smoke-exposed and nonexposed animals. The experimental rats were exposed to tobacco smoke for 8 hours from the 1st to the 20th day of pregnancy. In all animals, the body weight, thymus and spleen, the number of white blood cells, thymocytes, splenocytes, and myelocaryocytes were determined. On the 20th day of pregnancy, the smoking rats showed a significant decrease in the weight of animals, the number of thymocytes and myelocaryocytes. A decreased body mass of animals and their thymus glands, lower number of thymocytes were registered in pup rats born from smoking females as compared with control animals. These changes in immunological parameters may be based on a number of possible reasons. On the one hand, tobacco smoke promotes activation of free-radical processes with a simultaneously decreased efficiency of antioxidant mechanisms. This activation may result from exposure to the components of tobacco smoke, in particular, chromium, as a metal of variable valence, as well as benzene, which is transformed by the free-radical oxidation mechanisms. On the other hand, some tobacco smoke components may promote apoptosis which plays a significant role in the cellular exhaustion of immunogenesis system. Moreover, a decreased number of thymocytes may be caused by their migration from cortical areas to the medulla, followed by release into bloodstream. Thus, the results obtained indicate that the detected changes in these parameters are more pronounced in pregnant rats who were exposed to tobacco smoke and their offspring, and expand the knowledge of changes in the immune system in the offspring of passively smoking animals. The presented data may present a basis for development of drugs that reduce toxic effect of ecotoxicants, including passive tobacco smoking.
Polymorphism of genes controlling phase I and II detoxification in phenol-exposed women with spontaneous miscarriage diagnosis
Authors: Kazakova O. A. , Dolgikh O. V.
Published: April 2022

The environmental issues in contemporary megapolis require studying of multiple candidate genes that may contribute to occurrence of reproductive disorders. Exogenous phenol compounds are contaminants that produce negative effects upon female reproductive system. Detoxification genes from CYP450 and GSTs family belong to the I and II detoxification phases of xenobiotics including phenols. Our goal was to examine some features of polymorphism in I and II phase detoxication genes in women with diagnosed miscarriage who were subjected to excessive phenol exposure. The test group consisted of 37 women who had miscarriage; the reference group included 41 conditionally healthy women. All the examined women lived under airborn exposure to phenol (an average of 1.0 daily minimal acceptable concentration). The following parameters were examined in both groups: phenol contents in blood were detected with capillary gas chromatography; polymorphisms of CYP1A1 rs1048943 Ile462Val, CYP1A1_3 rs4646421 C6310T, GSTA4 rs3756980 T/C, GSTP1 rs1695 Ile105Val, GSTP1 rs1138272, and Ala114Val genes were revealed with polymerase chain reaction. There were significant discrepancies between the examined groups, both for phenol contents in blood, compared to upper standardized limits (p 0.05). The examined gene polymorphisms fit the Hardy–Weinberg rule. Statistical analysis in multiplicative inheritance model allowed us to show that A allele in CYP1A1 rs1048943 Ile462Val gene, and A allele in GSTP1 rs1695 Ile105Val gene could be the factors associated with probable miscarriage risk in case of excessive contamination of biological media with exogenous estrogens (e.g., phenol). The examined gene polymorphisms may be suggested as marker genes for early prediction of miscarriage risk, when excessive contents of exogenous estrogen imitator (phenol) are present in biological media.
Role of neuroinflammation in pathogenesis of cognitive disorders after aortocoronary bypass grafting
Authors: Zenina A. A. , Levman R. A. , Silaev A. A. , Shumatov V. B. , Markelova E. V.
Published: April 2022

Here we present the study aimed to identify dynamic quantitative changes in NSE, NGF, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6 in patients with postoperative cognitive dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting. There were enrolled 44 patients aged 62 to 75 years after coronary artery bypass grafting. MoСA test data allowed to subdivide patients into two groups: group I – 22 patients with MoСA test data changed by less than 3b score before surgery and on day 7 after surgery, no postoperative cognitive dysfunction; Group II – 22 patients with deteriorated MoСA test score by more than 3b, with postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Level of NSE, NGF, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6 was measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (RD Systems, USA) at four time points: before surgery, after surgery, 24 hours and 7t day after surgery. Mean values were compared by using non-parametric Mann–Whitney test. Significance level was set at p 0.05. It was found that patients with postoperative cognitive disorders contained higher level of serum NSE before surgery, immediately postsurgery and 24 hours after surgery, evidences about a role for neuron-specific enolase in the pathogenesis of early postoperative cognitive complications. A pronouncedly increased level of serum nerve growth factor in patients from group II was revealed 24 hours after surgery and elevated concentration on day 7 after surgery, which may be related to compensatory processes in response to damaging factors. Patients from group II were noted to have more marked and prolonged pro-inflammatory response confirmed by dynamic changes in IL-6 level paralleled with elevated amount of serum IL-10. It might be linked to some IL-10-mediated pro-inflammatory properties or more extensive reaction to pronounced pro-inflammatory response. The association between increased NSE and IL-10 levels was revealed. Of interest, the level of IL-1β smoothly declined at all stages in group II patients potentially reflecting impaired anti-inflammatory response, despite the fact that IL-1β is a pro-inflammatory interleukin, or its lack contributes to developing postoperative cognitive disorders, due to disturbed neural plasticity and hippocampus functioning.
Effects of beta-endorphin and dynorphin A on in vitro apoptosis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: Yuzhaninova S. V. , Gileva S. G.
Published: April 2022

Along with functioning in the nerve system, the endogenous opioid peptides as the ligands of mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors exert multiple effects on immune cells. Moreover, experimental evidence showed that morphine as an exogenous agonist of mu-opioid receptors affects immune cell viability. Such effects were discovered in experiments with cultured cells and laboratory animals. Hence, we studied effects of endogenous opioid peptides dynorphin A and beta-endorphin on viability of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. For this, we used samples of peripheral blood cells collected from the fourteen healthy volunteers, who provided with signed informed consent and might request any information regarding the research. Mononuclear cells were collected from the heparinized blood samples according to standard protocol and cultivated in the humid atmosphere for 72 hours. Two μCi 3H-Methyl-thymidine was added into each test tube at 18 hours before the end of the cultivation period. Scintillation counting was performed by using Guardian liquid scintillation analyzer (Wallac, Finland) expressing the data as count per minute. To assess apoptosis, the cells were cultured for 24 hours in similar conditions except for adding radioactive probe. Next, the cells were stained with Annexin V-FITC/7-AAD kit (Beckman Coulter, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions for further recording apoptotic cells in flow cytometers BD FACSCalibur (Becton Dickinson, USA) or CytoFLEX S (Beckman Coulter, USA). The lymphocyte gate set by light scatter parameters was shown in typical Annexin V-FITC vs 7-AAD plot followed by counting Annexin V+/7-AADcells. All data were expressed as means ± S.E. Statistical significance was assessed by using Student’s t-test. It was found that physiologic concentrations of mu- and kappa-opioid receptor agonists beta-endorphin and dynorphin A exerted multidirectional effects on proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. In particular, dynorphin A increased basal proliferation and proliferation in response to suboptimal mitogen stimulation. Moreover, beta-endorphin enhanced effects of mitogen stimulation at suboptimal concentration but profoundly suppressed proliferation in maximally activated cells. The modulating effects of beta-endorphin and dynorphin A on in vitro proliferation are not associated with augmented cell apoptosis.
Chronic inflammation and stress-hormones: a common pathway of cognitive disorders in ageing
Authors: Filippova Yu. Yu. , Burmistrova A. L.
Published: April 2022

Here we present the data on examining inter-connections cytokine network and stress hormones in senile vascular dementia by assessing systemic cytokine levels for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNFα, IFNγ as well as hormones cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine in 23 subjects with vascular dementia and 40 individuals without overt cognitive impairment. It was found, that the concentrations of IL-6, TNFα, epinephrine and dopamine were significantly increased, whereas those for IL-1β, IL-10, ACTH and norepinephrine were decreased in elderly people with dementia compared to healthy aging. In addition, virtually no inter-connection between cytokine, sympathoadrenal and hypothalamicpituitary (HPA-axis) axis was observed in vascular dementia highlighted by no significant correlation within the cytokine network. However, a single positive intrahormonal link for cortisol-ACTH and two positive links between IFNγ and cortisol/adrenaline level were detected. In general, vascular dementia was featured by marked inflammatory reaction, excessive activation of stress hormone production and disconnection of cytokine network, HPA-axis and the sympathoadrenal medullary system.
Severity of odontogenic phlegmons affects local mucosal immunity
Authors: Markelova E. V. , Romanchuk A. L. , Shumatov V. B. , Krasnikov V. E. , Demyanenko A. S. , Dzhafarov R. N.
Published: April 2022

Safe methods for examining phlegmon of the maxillofacial area (MFA) have been extensively sought for, and assessing cytokine profile in the patient mixed unstimulated saliva may be used to control its development. There were enrolled 102 patients with maxillofacial phlegmon aged 25 to 75 years as well as age-matched 30 healthy subjects. Concentration of IL-1β, TNFα, TNFβ, IL-17, IFNγ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-22, TGF-β1 и TGF-β2 in mixed unstimulated saliva was measured. We found that patients with MFA inflammation vs. control group had significantly increased level of almost all cytokines except IFNγ. Additionally, we analyzed changes in saliva cytokine profile of patients with maxillofacial phlegmon, subdivided into groups by age, gender, and spread of the disease. It allowed to find that amount of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-17, IL-10, IL-22, TGF-β1 directly correlated with spread of the process, whereas level of IL-4, IFNγ, TGF-β2, on the contrary, was decreased with aggravated disease severity.
New opportunities of immunocorrection in complex treatment of cervical cancer patients
Authors: Menshenina A. P. , Zlatnik E. Yu. , Sagakyants A. B. , Moiseenko T. I. , Ushakova N. D. , Frantsiyants E. M. , Verenikina E. V. , Chalabova T. G.
Published: April 2022

Etiologic role of human papilloma virus in cervical carcinoma is well known so this might be the base of application of interferonogenicimmunomodulators in their complex treatment. Evaluation of the role and place of immunotherapy and immunocorrection in combination treatment is one of the urgent problems in both clinical immunology and oncology. In this study we used one of them – allokin-alpha (alloferon) – together with plasmapheresis which contributes to detoxication and enhancement of the tumor cells` sensitivity to cytostatics in complex treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer patients receiving neoadjuvantpolychemotherapy (NCT). Clinical effect of such treatment was described in our previous studies. The purpose of the present research is to study the effect of the application of immunomodulatorallokin-alpha (A) and plasmapheresis (PP) in complex treatment of cervical cancer patients on their cell-mediated immunity and cytokines` composition in serum. Cervical cancer patients with locally-advanced tumors were divided into two groups. The control one received NCT, the basic one consisted of two subgroups – the 1st one in the course of NCT additionally received procedures of gravitational PP, the 2nd one received NCT, PP and 6 injections of allokin-alpha. Immunological parameters was tested in dynamics by flow cytometry and ELISA. Dynamics of cell-mediated immunity parameters revealed the decrease of CD19+ cells in patients of all the groups, of Treg in both subgroups of the basic group; of lymphocytes, CD3+ and CD8+ cells in patients after NCT + PP; activated CD3+HLA-DR+ cells in patients after NCT + PP + A though the amount of CD8+HLA-DR+ was elevated. When PP was applied CD3+ cells` levels was found to be lower than after additional administration of A. Analysis of the cytokines` levels showed the increase of IL-8 after NCT + PP, but administration of A caused its` decrease. IL-10 level was minimal in patients having received NCT + PP + A. Application of NCT + PP and NCT + PP + A prevented the elevation of inflammatory cytokines` levels (IL-1β and TNFα) which was observed in patients of the control group after the course of neoadjuvant treatment. Such a dynamics of cytokines levels suggests that application of allokin-alpha together with plasmapheresis and neoadjuvant chemotherapy might be useful in complex treatment of cervical cancer patients with locally advanced tumors.
Primary immunodeficiency masks: A clinical case of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis
Authors: Savin T. V. , Kuznetsova R. N. , Kuznetsova A. A. , Totolian Areg A.
Published: April 2022

Human inborn immune-related errors comprise a heterogeneous group of rare genetically determined diseases of the immune system caused by loss or gain of function mutations altering relevant protein functions. The 2019 International Union of Immunological Societies recently proposed the classification for such pathologies now comprising 406 distinct disorders with 430 different gene defects. Predominantly antibody deficiencies represent most common group of human inborn immune-related errors, which diagnostics poses uneasy challenge for general practitioner due to a broad range of their clinical manifestations, such as infection, allergy, autoimmunity and malignancy. In addition, patients with human immune-related inborn errors may develop a vaccine-associated disease after administering live vaccines in accordance with the Russia-wide National Vaccine Schedule. Most common among vaccine-associated diseases are vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis, vaccine-associated encephalitis (1 case per 1 000 000 doses of measles, rubella, varicella vaccine), vaccine-associated meningitis (1 case per 250 000 – 500 000 doses of mumps vaccine) as well as adverse effects related to BCG immunization: local (infiltration, cold abscess – 8.6 case per 100,000 vaccinated patients) and disseminated complications (BCG lymphadenitis – 15.5 case per 100 000 vaccinated patients, BCG osteitis – 3.5 case per 100 000 vaccinated patients). Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in vaccinated patients occurs after the first, second and rarely third oral polio vaccine dose inoculation. Incidence rate for vaccineassociated paralytic polio after 1 and 3 oral vaccine inoculation ranges from 1 case per 700 000 vaccine doses to 1 case per 3 500 000, respectively. Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis mainly emerges due to inborn mutations related to humoral immunity after primary vaccination with oral polio vaccine or close contact of unvaccinated patients with subjects vaccinated with oral polio vaccine. Here, we describe a clinical case of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in patient with primary immunodeficiency. Our is aimed at emphasizing importance of immunological alertness with regard to detecting primary immunodeficiencies and timely apply a replacement therapy prior to verifying type of immunodeficiency.
Experimental in vitro reprogramming of CD64-CD32+CD16+CD11b+ and CD64+CD32+CD16+CD11b+ neutrophilic granulocytes by arginyl-alpha-aspartyl-lysyl-valyl-tyrosyl-arginine in modelled virus-bacterial coinfection
Authors: Chudilova G. A. , Nesterova I. V. , Pavlenko V. N. , Rusinova T. V. , Kovaleva S. V.
Published: April 2022

Disruption of neutrophilic granulocyte (NG) functioning underlies one of the key causes for negative polymicrobial synergism during virus-microbial co-infections. In connection with this, it is important to develop experimental models for viral-bacterial co-infections in vitro, which might allow to uncover NG involvement in effector events and assess reorganization of inter-connected functionally relevant NG receptors in response to various immunotropic agents. Understanding molecular mechanisms related to any molecule including drug molecules provides its safe use allowing them to become drug of choice. NG functional activity is associated with surface receptors CD64, CD32, CD16, CD11b, which are assigned to several NG subsets exhibiting distinct phenotypes, and their activation leads to complex processes of pathogen elimination. Study objective: to elucidate types of phenotype transition for NG subsets CD64-CD32+CD16+CD11b+ and СD64+CD32+CD16+CD11b+ and assess an opportunity for phenotype reprogramming exposed to hexapeptide arginyl-alpha-aspartyl-lysyl-valyl-tyrosyl-arginine (НP) in experimental in vitro model of viral-bacterial coinfection. Materials and methods. We examined 39 samples of peripheral blood (PВ) collected from healthy adult volunteers (7 women, 6 men) aged 21 to 32 years, subdivided into 3 groups: comparison group 1 (intact NG); comparison group 2 – model of viral-bacterial infection; Study group – to assess HP effects. Model of viral-bacterial co-infection was created by incubating PВ samples sequentially with dsRNA (10-7M) for 60 min followed by fMLP (10-7M) for 60 min, 37 °С. To assess HP effect, PC samples preincubated with dsRNA and fMLP were next exposed to HP (10-6 g/L) for 60 min at 37 °С. We analyzed percentage of CD64-CD32+CD16+CD11b+ and СD64+CD32+CD16+CD11b+NG subsets as well as receptor expression density (MFI) by flow cytometry (FC 500, Beckman Coulter, USA) using MAbs (Beckman Coulter International SA, France). Results. Transformation of CD64-CD32+CD16+CD11b+ and СD64+CD32+CD16+CD11b+NG subset phenotype was experimentally revealed in virus-bacterial model manifested as upregulated expression of all receptors examined. Our data on HP effects ambiguously demonstrated phenotype transformation in CD64-CD32+CD16+CD11b+NG, СD64+CD32+CD16+CD11b+NG in in vitro viral – bacterial coinfection model contributing to recovery of proper NG response.
Dynamics of antioxidant protection factors, cytokines in patients with chronic streptodermia, correction methods
Authors: Gizinger O. A. , Laknitskaya A. O. , Ziganshin O. R.
Published: April 2022

Certain relationships exist between different biological systems, i.e., lipid peroxidation/ antioxidant defense system; changing balance of Th1/Th2 immune response and cytokines; a decrease of interleukin 2 (IL-2) concentration; lower number of IL-2 receptors on CD25+ lymphocytes, impaired activity of protective antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase); decreased general antioxidant status. These connections justify an approach to treatment of chronic streptoderma, using combined effects upon all components of the pathological process, by restoring the cytokine balance, eliminating oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory foci on the skin surface. The study group consisted of 50 male patients with chronic streptoderma, lasting for more than 2 years. Average age of the patients was 32.25±4.23 years; for comparison, the indexes of healthy volunteers were used on the basis of informed consent. The aim of the present study was to propose a method for treating chronic streptoderma using recombinant interleukin-2 and low-intensity laser irradiation justified by assessment of immune profile, pro-oxidant and antioxidant status. Standard therapy included local treatment of the affected surface with 1% aqueous solution of chlorhexidine bigluconate; 2% ointment with mupirocin as an active substance, applied to the area of rashes for 7 days; treatment of the skin surface with a low-intensity laser at the wavelength 40 ±10 nm (blue light) using a Mustang device (Moscow, registration certificate No. RZN 2014/1410 of 06.02.2014), according to technical conditions TU 9444-005720850602008. The irradiation exposure mode corresponded to recommendations of the device manufacturer. The radiation power was 80.0±5.0 mW, applied for 10 days, along with subcutaneous administration of recombinant IL-2 (Roncoleukin®) 500,000 IU, diluted with saline at the interval of 24 hours for 5 days. Positive clinical dynamics was noted during complex treatment which involved recombinant IL-2 and low-intensity laser exposure in the patients with chronic streptoderma, according to evaluation by a visual analogue scale, normalization of the cytokine balance (decreased contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines), and normalization of antioxidant status. Thus, the use of blue light exposure at the visible range (wavelength of 450.0±10.0 nm) and subcutaneous injections of recombinant IL-2 (Roncoleukin®, 500,000 IU) is a justified method in complex therapy of chronic streptoderma.
Experimental evaluation of cytoprotective effect of probiotic metabolites and selection criteria of Bacillus Subtilis strains for development of new immunotropic biohepatoprotector
Authors: Zabokritskiy N. A.
Published: April 2022

The present work concerns a study of cytoprotective effect of biologically active substances (BAS) produced by probiotic microorganisms from the Bacillus genus. These substances were obtained from a sterile fugate of probiotic Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-3679 culture (a biosporicin-producing strain) and added to the culture of isolated hepatocytes, when modeling their in vitro toxic damage. Sterile buffered culture of Bacillus subtilis B-3679 was prepared by sterilizing filtration of the culture supernatant of this strain. The work was carried out using a passageable L-41 cell culture strain, which allows to assess toxicity of various substrates upon cell cultures and protection against toxic effects at different concentrations. At the first stage of study, the maximal non-toxic dose of sterile fugate and the minimal toxic dose of CCl4 established for the cultured L-41 cells. At the next stage, cytoprotective effect of BAS originating from the of B. subtilis B-3679 strain fugate, was studied and tested with L-41 cell line. Cytoprotective and regenerative effects of BAS containing in the fugate of B. subtilis B-3679 strain were demonstrated in the model of toxic damage using the culture of isolated hepatocytes. In preclinical studies, to assess the toxicity and safety of the experimental sample of a new biohepatoprotector for experimental animals, we have found that the complex of biologically active substances (metabolites) is non-toxic and safe for laboratory animals when administered intragastrically and intraperitoneally, and it does not cause any pathological changes in their internal organs and tissues. The basis of the new biohepatoprotection effect, which may provide a multifunctional action, allowing to effectively restore depressed liver functions, with simultaneous normalization of immunological parameters, is its active biocomponent, i.e., metabolites of probiotic spore-forming bacteria, which, when if brought to the body, produce a complex of biologically active metabolites (antibiotics, proteolytic, amylolytic, and other enzymes, immunoglobulins, as well as interleukins, vitamins, proteins, amino acids, and others bioactive substances). Due to experimentally established cytoprotective effect of the complex of BAS, the components of fugate culture of B. subtilis strain B-3679, will allow us to develop new promising medical immunobiological drugs that may provide a protective effect on human organs and tissues. As a result it was found that BAS, as components of fugate from B. subtilis B-3679 strain show both a pronounced cytoprotective effect, and a positive action upon regenerative abilities of liver cells, which is a significant factor for the future use of this strain as a biocomponent of a new immunotropic biohepatoprotector.
Role of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells in regulation of hemotoration in 3D in vitro culture
Authors: Ivanov P. A. , Yurova K. A. , Khaziakhmatova O. G. , Shupletsova V. V. , Malaschenko V. V. , Shunkin E. O. , Norkin I. K. , Khlusov I. A. , Litvinova L. S.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to studying the role of mesenchymal stromal cells in formation of microenvironment for hematopoietic stem cells under the conditions mimicking physiological bone remodeling in presence of artificial three-dimensional matrices (Ra = 2-3 μm). The study was carried out using experimental samples of artificial implants obtained in electrolyte from hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP) produced at the Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science (Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences). The work included cultural and instrumental research techniques. Phenotypic profile of cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Determination of cytokine/chemokine levels from cell culture supernatants was assessed by flow fluorimetry. Detection of hematopoietic cells in the vision fields, as well as areas of extracellular matrix mineralization was carried out by means of cytomorphometry.It was revealed that the 3D matrices with a calcium phosphate coating initiate the in vitro formation of specific microenvironment of MSCs, resulting in the increased numbers of HSCs with the CD45+CD34+ phenotype (at 14 days), an increased number of cells with hematopoietic morphology and evolving foci of extracellular matrix mineralization of the (at 21 days). Changed numbers of hematopoietic cells per vision field occurred, mainly, due to indirect effect of hematopoietic factors (SCF and G-CSF), along with decrease of proapoptotic factor TRAIL. It was also found that MSCs reduce the level of proinflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IP-10, IL-2, IL-6) in culture medium in the presence of artificial 3D calcium-phosphate-coated matrices. The revealed features of MSC functioning under the conditions simulating physiological bone remodeling, upon co-cultures with three-dimensional matrices (Ra = 2-3 μm), have shown a significant effect of MSCs upon regulation of HSCs by local microenvironment, through distinct modulating effects of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors that provide intercellular interactions. Development of extracellular matrix mineralization areas during MSC cultivation in the presence of 3D matrices imitating mineral substance of bone tissue also indicates the formation of osteoblastic niches under the in vitro cultivation conditions.The results obtained are important in order to assess functions of hematopoietic niches and the role of MSCs in their development and maintenance of the microenvironment.The results obtained may find practical application in development of new classes of medical devices able to provide effective osseointegration.
Who is behind the end of Spanish exclusivity? Analysis of the profile of the electorate of the “Vox” party
Authors: Kolpakov N. V.
Published: April 2022

2 677 173 people voted for the “Vox” party in the April 2019 general election. Just seven months later, in November, that number increased to 3 640 063 votes, making “Vox” the third largest party in Spain in terms of both seats in the lower house of parliament (52 out of 350) and total votes (15.21%). “Vox” is a young Spanish right-wing party that was destined to remain small and insignificant, but ended up becoming one of the most influential actors in the country’s political space. Where other radical and far-right parties have failed, “Vox” has succeeded, and the party can now boast that it has put an end to Spain’s once exclusive status of a country free of right-wing politicians. The purpose of this article is to determine the electorate of this party, the success of which has become a real shock in the political arena of Spain. The author makes an analysis of socio-demographic profile of the “Vox” electorate. It is considered how class, education, age, gender and ideological views are associated with the support of “Vox.” “Vox” supporters differ significantly from supporters of both traditional and new Spanish parties. According to the analysis, “Vox” supporters are predominantly young males. The party has the smallest proportion of voters with higher education. “Vox” electorate is largely concentrated around those who strongly identify with Spain and the idea of “Hispanidad” and, above all, those who consider the country “under attack” from internal separatist forces (in Catalonia and the Basque country) and external cosmopolitanism, mainly in the form of immigration.
The “memory wars” in divided societies: the case of Spain
Authors: Prokhorenko I. L.
Published: April 2022

The author, using the identity approach and discourse analysis explores a serious political conflict in today’s Spain about historical memory, threatening solidarity and civilian identity of the Spaniards and also political stability in the society, divided on a variety of characteristics – economic, social, territorial, cultural, value, ethnic, linguistic, etc., which have acquired or are acquiring a political dimension. The alternative politics of memory, which are declared and carried out by different competing actors of political process at the country level, first of all being government and opposition parties, are analyzed in the article. The expression of authorities’ discourse of the present left coalition government on the issues of Spanish past in the country’s mediasphere is considered to understand the extent and depth of public and political debate on key problems of Spanish history and memory. The author uses a historical metaphor of conflict of the “two Spains” to assess “memory wars” in Spanish society, multicultural and divided on various grounds, identifying short-term (with a view of forthcoming general parliamentary elections, which will take place in 2022) and long-term strategic risks for inclusive nation-building and sustainable development of the country. A conclusion is made that a division based on party ideological principles is axial (dominant) in “memory wars”, despite the remaining sharpness of the vertical conflict between center and some particularist regions (primarily Catalonia); within the frame of this conflict there are attempts to reassess, anonymize, and get a hold of or mythologize various historic events and personas. Nowadays the dispute between “rightists” and “leftists” in assessment of Second Spanish Republic, number of victims on both sides during the civil war, Francoist regime, success of democratic transition in post-Francoist period and other “difficult” questions across Spanish past becomes more emotionally charged, deep and aggressive.
The Effect of Physiatry Involvement for Patients With Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury at a Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Tracy Brett M. , Hoover Erin , Jones Nikki , Hinrichs Mark J. , Gelbard Rondi B.
Published: April 2022

Objective

To explore the impact of physiatry on acute traumatic spinal cord injury (ATSCI) outcomes using a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all patients with ATSCI at a level 1 trauma center from 2018 to 2019. In a 1:1 fashion, we matched patients who were evaluated by physiatry to those who were not. Our PSM analysis controlled for patient demographics, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, Injury Severity Score (ISS), comorbidities, mechanism, and presence of a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Outcomes included complications, discharge disposition, and 30-day mortality. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier plots.

Results

A total of 102 patients (physiatry 51; no physiatry 51) were matched. Median age was 38 (28–55) years, and median ISS was 25.5 (17–35); 82.4% (n = 84) were male, and 77.5% (n = 79) were bluntly injured. Rates of in-hospital complications were similar between groups. Physiatry involvement was associated with increased odds of discharge to inpatient rehabilitation (odds ratio, 4.6; 95% CI, 2–11.6; p < .001). There was a significant survival benefit seen with physiatry involvement at 30 days (92.6% vs. 78.6%, p = .004) that correlated with a decreased risk of mortality (hazard ratio, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.03–0.7; p = .01).

Conclusion

Incorporating physiatry into the management of patients with ATSCI is associated with improved survival and greater odds of discharge to rehabilitation. In this population, physiatry should be incorporated into the trauma care team to optimize patient outcomes.
Uzaktan Algılama Teknikleri Kullanılarak Zernek Barajı'nın Alansal, Hacimsel ve Kıyı Değişimlerinin Zamana Bağlı Analizi
Authors: DEMİROĞLU İbrahim , ERNST Fred
Published: April 2022

Sürdürülebilir ekosistemin sağlıklı bir şekilde işlemesinin önündeki engellerin başında kuraklık ve dolayısıyla susuzluk yer almaktadır. Su kaynakları ve su rezervlerinde zaman içinde meydana gelen değişimlerin incelenmesinin, söz konusu problemlerin çözümüne katkı sunacağı düşünülmektedir. Hidroloji analizlerinin uzaktan algılama ve coğrafi bilgi sistemi entegrasyonu ile yapılması hem maliyet hem de zaman açısından büyük fayda sağlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışmada Zernek Baraj Gölü’ne (Van) ilişkin 2000-2021 yılları arasında gerçekleşen hacimsel ve alansal değişimler incelenmiştir. Landsat uydu sistemlerine bağlı uydu verileri ve meteoroloji gözlem istasyonlarına ait veriler ışığında Normalize Edilmiş Fark Su Endeksi (NDWI) ve Radial Basis Function metotları kullanılarak analiz yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre 2021 yılında baraj su yüzey alanındaki 239.4002 hektarlık değerin son yirmi yılda görülen en düşük seviyedeki su yüzey alanı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Hacimsel değişim de su yüzey alanı değişiminde olduğu gibi 2020- 2021 yılları arasında 19.48 hm3’lük azalma ile son yirmi yıldaki meydana gelen en büyük azalmayı göstermektedir. Yapılan istatistiksel analizler sonucunda baraja ait su yüzey alanının minimum sıcaklıktan -0.427’lik bir korelasyon katsayısı ile orta düzeyde etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir. Aynı değişkenin maksimum yağıştan ise 0.505’lik bir korelasyon katsayısı ile orta düzeyde etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre su rezervlerinde meydana gelen değişimler analiz edilirken uzaktan algılama ve coğrafi bilgi sistemi teknolojilerinin kullanımının zaman ve maliyet açısından büyük fayda ve kolaylıklar sağladığı görülmektedir. Bu teknolojiler kullanılarak rezerv alanlarında meydana gelen değişim analizlerinin yapılması ile kaynaklara ilişkin yönetim politikalarının önemi ortaya çıkmaktadır. Dolayısıyla su kaynaklarının korunmasına yönelik politikaların uygulanmasının, gelecek kuşaklara daha sürdürülebilir bir yaşam alanı bırakılmasını olanaklı kılacağı düşünülmektedir.
Implementasi Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis Manajemen Qalbu (Penelitian Di SMK Dārut Tauhīd Boarding School Bandung)
Authors: Chalil Komarudin
Published: April 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis implementasi Pendidikan Agama Islam dengan menggunakan manajemen Qalbu, yang dilaksanakan di SMK Darut Tauhid Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian deskriptif analitik yang diawali dengan tahap pengumpulan data dalam bentuk wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi sedangkan teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah model Milles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: Implementasi Pendidikan Agama Islam berbasis manajemen qalbu di SMK Dārut Tauhīd Boarding School Bandung, meliputi: perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan tindak lanjut. implementasi prinsip-prinsip manajemen qalbu dapat terwujud capaian-capain yang di antaranya terwujudnya siswa, atau santri yang memiliki kebeningan hati, jiwa kepemimpinan, kemandirian dan bertanggungjawab, mental wirausaha, mampu mengaplikasikan nilai-nilai Islam       dalam  kehidupan sehari-hari, mengoreksi dan memperbaiki diri.