bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing and validating a team cultural intelligence scale
Authors: Bücker Joost , Korzilius Hubert
Published: January 2024

With a social–cognitive framework, this article presents the further development and a six‐step validation procedure for a team cultural intelligence (TCQ) scale that measures the abilities that cross‐cultural teams need to perform vital tasks, extract information, and make decisions by leveraging the unique perspectives of diverse team members. In the first step, the confirmation of the content validity of the instrument is based on extant literature, which indicates a second‐order latent factor TCQ and five first‐order latent dimensions. The other validity tests appear in four empirical studies with different samples, mainly of employees working in cross‐cultural teams. Reliability testing shows that, after the removal of one item, TCQ and its dimensions attain adequate to good reliability, leading to a 20‐item TCQ scale. The third step reveals robust psychometric properties, in support of the assumed factor structure, and points to adequate convergent and discriminant validity. Next, tests indicate nomological and criterion‐related validity of TCQ and its dimensions in relation to team performance outcomes and other team characteristics. Finally, in the sixth validation step, TCQ exhibits incremental validity for explaining variance in innovative work behavior, beyond team members' individual CQ. These findings have relevant implications and suggest avenues for further research.
Effect of fermented tomato pomace on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens
Authors: Gungor Emrah , Altop Aydin , Erener Guray
Published: January 2024

Solid‐state fermentation is a useful method for the utilization of the agri‐industrial residues. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of tomato pomace (TP) and Aspergillus niger‐fermented tomato pomace (FTP) on the growth performance, some carcass traits, antioxidant status, and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens. A total of 140 Ross 308 one‐day‐old male chicks were allocated to one of four treatment groups consisting of five replicates of seven chicks each. Chicks were fed ad libitum with the corn‐soybean based basal diet (control), the basal diet supplemented with 0.25 g/kg synthetic antioxidant, 10 g/kg TP or 10 g/kg FTP for 42 days. Dietary TP increased serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) but did not affect the growth performance. Dietary inclusion of FTP improved the feed conversion ratio and raised serum GPx and SOD. Carcass traits, malondialdehyde level, pH, and color of breast meat and cecal microflora were not affected by dietary treatments. The results of the study showed that TP can be used as a natural antioxidant in broiler diets without a detrimental effect on growth performance. Dietary FTP can be suggested as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants with beneficial effects on growth performance and antioxidant capacity.
Neighborhood risk and prenatal care utilization in Rhode Island, 2005–2014
Authors: Habtemariam Helena , Schlichting Lauren E. , Kole‐White Martha B. , Berger Blythe , Vivier Patrick
Published: January 2024

Background

The importance of prenatal care is undeniable, as pregnant persons who receive on‐time, adequate prenatal care have better maternal and infant health outcomes compared with those receiving late, less than adequate prenatal care. Previous studies assessing the relationship between neighborhood factors and maternal health outcomes have typically looked at singular neighborhood variables and their relationship with maternal health outcomes. In order to examine a greater number of place‐based risk factors simultaneously, our analysis used a unique neighborhood risk index to assess the association between cumulative risk and prenatal care utilization, which no other studies have done.

Methods

Data from Rhode Island Vital Statistics for births between 2005 and 2014 were used to assess the relationship between neighborhood risk and prenatal care utilization using two established indices. We assessed neighborhood risk with an index composed of eight socioeconomic block‐group variables. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine the association between adequate use and neighborhood risk.

Results

Individuals living in a high‐risk neighborhood were less likely to have adequate or better prenatal care utilization according to both the APNCU Index (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–0.95) and the R‐GINDEX (aOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.85–0.91) compared with those in low‐risk neighborhoods.

Conclusion

Understanding the impact of neighborhood‐level factors on prenatal care use is a critical first step in ensuring that underserved neighborhoods are prioritized in interventions aimed at making access to prenatal care more equitable.
Health and healthcare of people with learning disabilities in the United Kingdom through the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hatton Chris , Hastings Richard P. , Caton Sue , Bradshaw Jill , Jahoda Andrew , Kelly Rosemary , Maguire Roseann , Oloidi Edward , Taggart Laurence , Todd Stuart ,   The Coronavirus and People with Learning Disabilities Study Team
Published: January 2024

Background

During the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, many health services were withdrawn from people with learning disabilities, with negative impacts on people's health. What has happened to people's health and healthcare as we move beyond the pandemic?

Methods

Access to health services and health status were tracked for 550 UK adults with learning disabilities, using structured online interviews with people with learning disabilities and online surveys with family members or paid carers. Information was provided four times, from Wave 1 (in the winter 2020/2021 ‘lockdown’) to Wave 4 (autumn 2022, over a year after public health protections stopped).

Findings

By Wave 4, most people with learning disabilities had had COVID‐19, although high vaccination rates limited the number of people hospitalised. There was little evidence that use of GP services, community nurses, other therapists or annual health checks had increased over time, and at Wave 4 more people were having difficulty getting their medicines. People's health did not substantially improve over time. People with profound and multiple learning disabilities had poorer health and were less likely to be accessing health services.

Conclusions

Improvements in access to health services for people with learning disabilities after the pandemic have not yet happened.
Ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells and clinical applications
Authors: Sakurai Masatoshi , Ishitsuka Kantaro , Becker Hans Jiro , Yamazaki Satoshi
Published: January 2024

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare population of cells found in the bone marrow that play a critical role in lifelong hematopoiesis and the reconstitution of the hematopoietic system after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative treatment for patients with refractory hematologic disorders, and umbilical cord blood (CB) serves as an alternative stem cell source due to its several advantageous characteristics, including human leukocyte antigen flexibility and reduced donor burden. However, CB also has the disadvantage of containing a small number of cells, resulting in limited donor selection and a longer time for engraftment. Therefore, the development of techniques to expand HSCs ex vivo, particularly umbilical CB, is a goal in hematology. While various combinations of cytokines were once the mainstream approach, these protocols had limited expansion rates and did not lead to clinical application. However, in recent years, the development of a technique in which small molecules are added to cytokines has enabled the stable, long‐term ex vivo expansion of human HSCs. Clinical trials of expanded umbilical CB using these techniques have been undertaken and have confirmed their efficacy and safety. In addition, we have successfully developed a recombinant‐cytokine‐free and albumin‐free culture system for the long‐term expansion of human HSCs. This approach could offer the potential for more selective expansion of human HSCs compared to previous protocols. This review discusses ex vivo culture protocols for expanding human HSCs and presents the results of clinical trials using these techniques, along with future perspectives.
Optical coherence tomography biomarkers in early and intermediate age‐related macular degeneration: A clinical guide
Authors: Vidal‐Oliver Lourdes , Montolío‐Marzo Elena , Gallego‐Pinazo Roberto , Dolz‐Marco Rosa
Published: January 2024

Advanced forms of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), characterised by atrophic and neovascular changes, are a leading cause of vision loss in the elderly population worldwide. Prior to the development of advanced AMD, a myriad of risk factors from the early and intermediate stages of AMD have been published in the scientific literature over the last years. The ability to precisely recognise structural and anatomical changes in the ageing macula, altogether with the understanding of the individual risk implications of each one of them is key for an accurate and personalised diagnostic assessment. The present review aims to summarise updated evidence of the relative risk conferred by diverse macular signs, commonly seen on optical coherence tomography, in terms of progression to geographic atrophy or macular neovascularization. This information may also serve as a basis for tailored follow‐up monitoring visits.
The clinical and genetic landscape of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies in Egyptian children
Authors: Elkhateeb Nour , Issa Mahmoud Y. , Elbendary Hasnaa M. , Elnaggar Walaa , Ramadan Areef , Rafat Karima , Kamel Mona , Abdel‐Ghafar Sherif F. , Amer Fawzia , Hassaan Hebatallah M. , Trunzo Roberta , Pereira Catarina , Abdel‐Hamid Mohamed S. , D'Arco Felice , Bauer Peter , Bertoli‐Avella Aida M. , Girgis Marian , Gleeson Joseph G. , Zaki Maha S. , Selim Laila
Published: January 2024

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a heterogeneous group of epilepsies characterized by early‐onset, refractory seizures associated with developmental regression or impairment, with a heterogeneous genetic landscape including genes implicated in various pathways and mechanisms. We retrospectively studied the clinical and genetic data of patients with genetic DEE who presented at two tertiary centers in Egypt over a 10‐year period. Exome sequencing was used for genetic testing. We report 74 patients from 63 unrelated Egyptian families, with a high rate of consanguinity (58%). The most common seizure type was generalized tonic–clonic (58%) and multiple seizure types were common (55%). The most common epilepsy syndrome was early infantile DEE (50%). All patients showed variable degrees of developmental impairment. Microcephaly, hypotonia, ophthalmological involvement and neuroimaging abnormalities were common. Eighteen novel variants were identified and the phenotypes of five DEE genes were expanded with novel phenotype–genotype associations. Obtaining a genetic diagnosis had implications on epilepsy management in 17 patients with variants in 12 genes. In this study, we expand the phenotype and genotype spectrum of DEE in a large single ethnic cohort of patients. Reaching a genetic diagnosis guided precision management of epilepsy in a significant proportion of patients.
In vitro and in vivo accuracy of autonomous robotic vs. fully guided static computer‐assisted implant surgery
Authors: He Jin , Zhang Qinmeng , Wang Xueting , Fu Mengdie , Zhang Hui , Song Luyao , Pu Rui , Jiang Zhiwei , Yang Guoli
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To assess the accuracy of autonomous robotic and fully guided static computer‐assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) performed on models and patients.

Materials and Methods

This study was divided into in vitro and in vivo sections. In vitro, 80 operators were assigned to two groups randomly. Forty operators performed forty autonomous robotic implant (ARI group) surgeries and the remaining forty operators carried out forty fully guided sCAIS (FGI group) surgeries on maxillary models, respectively. Each operator placed an implant in one maxillary model. In vivo, 60 patients with 113 implants from 2019 to 2023 (ARI group: 32 patients, 58 implants; FGI group: 28 patients, 55 implants) receiving implant surgeries were incorporated in this retrospective research. The preoperative and postoperative cone beam computer tomographs (CBCTs) were utilized to estimate the linear deviations and angular deviations in two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) space. The Pearson's chi‐square test, Shapiro–Wilk test, Student's t test, Mann–Whitney U test and mixed models were applied, and p <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

In vitro, a total of 80 implants were enrolled and significant differences were found between the two groups (p < 0.001): The 3D deviation at the platform of ARI and FGI group was 0.58 ± 0.60 mm and 1.50 ± 1.46 mm, respectively, at the apex was 0.58 ± 0.60 mm and 1.78 ± 1.35 mm, respectively, and angle was 1.01 ± 0.87° and 2.93 ± 1.59°, respectively. Also, except for mesiodistal deviation at the implant platform, the rest linear and angular deviations in the ARI group were significantly lower than those in the FGI group in 2D space (p < 0.001). In vivo, a significantly lower mean of angular deviation (0.95 ± 0.50°, p < 0.001) and the linear deviation at both platform (0.45 ± 0.28 mm, p < 0.001) and apex (0.47 ± 0.28 mm, p < 0.001) were observed in ARI group when compared to the FGI group (4.31 ± 2.60°; 1.45 ± 1.27 mm; 1.77 ± 1.14 mm).

Conclusions

The use of autonomous robotic technology showed significantly higher accuracy than the fully guided sCAIS.
Pre‐exercise protein intake is associated with reduced time in hypoglycaemia among adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Muntis Franklin R. , Crandell Jamie L. , Evenson Kelly R. , Maahs David M. , Seid Michael , Shaikh Saame R. , Smith‐Ryan Abbie E. , Mayer‐Davis Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

Aim

Secondary analyses were conducted from a randomized trial of an adaptive behavioural intervention to assess the relationship between protein intake (g and g/kg) consumed within 4 h before moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) bouts and glycaemia during and following MVPA bouts among adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Materials and Methods

Adolescents (n = 112) with T1D, 14.5 (13.8, 15.7) years of age and 36.6% overweight/obese, provided measures of glycaemia using continuous glucose monitoring [percentage of time above range (>180 mg/dl), time in range (70‐180 mg/dl), time below range (TBR; <70 mg/dl)], self‐reported physical activity (previous day physical activity recalls), and 24 h dietary recall data at baseline and 6 months post‐intervention. Mixed effects regression models adjusted for design (randomization assignment, study site), demographic, clinical, anthropometric, dietary, physical activity and timing covariates estimated the association between pre‐exercise protein intake on percentage of time above range, time in range and TBR during and following MVPA.

Results

Pre‐exercise protein intakes of 10‐19.9 g and >20 g were associated with an absolute reduction of −4.41% (p = .04) and −4.83% (p = .02) TBR during physical activity compared with those who did not consume protein before MVPA. Similarly, relative protein intakes of 0.125‐0.249 g/kg and ≥0.25 g/kg were associated with −5.38% (p = .01) and −4.32% (p = .03) absolute reductions in TBR during physical activity. We did not observe a significant association between protein intake and measures of glycaemia following bouts of MVPA.

Conclusions

Among adolescents with T1D, a dose of ≥10 g or ≥0.125 g/kg of protein within 4 h before MVPA may promote reduced time in hypoglycaemia during, but not following, physical activity.
Islamic finance and economic growth: Global evidence
Authors: Hanif Muhammad , Chaker Mohammed , Sabah Ariba
Published: January 2024

We document the contribution of Islamic finance development to economic growth by studying a global sample of countries engaged in providing Islamic financial services. Fifteen countries are included in the sample based on significant Islamic banking share in total domestic banking assets. Results are documented through the application of the Panel regression (EGLS) method for the period 2001–2020. Findings suggest a positive contribution of the Islamic Financial Services Industry (IFSI) to economic growth in sample countries in multiple regression settings. Additionally, a range of control variables, including domestic credit to the private sector, inflation, and trade openness, contribute significantly to economic growth. We recommend the creation of a conducive environment for the promotion of IFSI on account of the built‐in stability feature and positive contribution to economic growth. We also recommend overall development in the financial sector of selected economies, including credit availability to the private sector and trade openness. Our study helps in understanding the dynamics of economic growth in economies with a dual banking system (conventional & Islamic). This article contributes to the literature by studying a larger sample of countries engaged in the practice of Islamic finance and considering the significance of the market share of assets under IFSI.
How and why species are rare: towards an understanding of the ecological causes of rarity
Authors: Crisfield Varina E. , Guillaume Blanchet F. , Raudsepp‐Hearne Ciara , Gravel Dominique
Published: January 2024

The three‐dimensional rarity typology proposed by Rabinowitz in 1981, based on geographic range, habitat specificity, and local abundance, is among the most widely used frameworks for describing rarity in ecological and conservation research. While this framework is descriptive and is not meant to explain the causes of rarity, recent advances in ecology may be leveraged to add explanatory power. Here we present a macroecological exploration of rarity and its underlying causes. We propose a modification of Rabinowitz's typology to better distinguish between the dimensions of rarity and the ecological processes that drive them, and explore the conservation implications of our modified framework. We propose to add occupancy (the proportion of occupied sites within a species' range) as a rarity axis, and recast habitat specificity as a cause of rarity, thus yielding a modified classification based on range size, occupancy, and local abundance. Under our framework, habitat specialists are no longer considered rare if they are widespread and abundant; we argue that this modification more accurately identifies truly rare species, as habitat specialists may be common if their habitat is abundant. Finally, we draw on the macroecological and theoretical literature to identify the key processes and associated traits that drive each rarity axis. In this respect, we identify four processes (environmental filtering, movement, demography and interactions), and hypothesise that range size and occupancy are primarily driven by environmental filtering and movement, whereas local abundance is more strongly influenced by demography and interactions. We further use ecological theory to hypothesise the conservation concerns associated with each rarity axis, and propose conservation measures that may be suitable for conserving different types of rare species. Our work may provide a basis for developing hypotheses about the causes of rarity of particular focal taxa or groups, and inform the development of targeted conservation strategies.
Experiences of the use of portfolio in dental education – A qualitative meta‐ethnographic literature review
Authors: Lundegren Nina , Lindberg Pia , Gummesson Christina
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Portfolio with a collection of evidence has become popular in higher education, including dental education. It is valuable to study the experiences of the use and implementation processes. Meta‐ethnography can be a suitable method to analyse, synthesize and construct interpretations of qualitative research. Our aim was to explore experiences from the use of a portfolio/e‐portfolio in dental education, from the students' and teachers' perspectives.

Materials and Methods

A systematic search in the databases PubMed, Scopus and ERC was performed, and the established seven steps of a meta‐ethnographic review were used. 278 papers were initially identified, and seven were included in the final analysis.

Results

Two themes (Issues to Address and Consequences) and five subthemes (Purpose, Roles, Support and Structure, Challenges and Enablers, and Gains) were constructed.

Discussion

Our synthesis reflects various challenges, yet the learning gains are recognized and expressed to be important once the students and teachers have overcome early thresholds. Beyond the conclusions drawn in each paper, our synthesis provides new perspectives on the complexity of an implementation process and the balance of not seeing the woods for the trees being overwhelmed by technical and other practical aspects, reducing the opportunity for learning.

Conclusion

The portfolio implementation in undergraduate dental education should address clarification to all stakeholders of the purpose and role, presenting a purposeful portfolio structure and timely support.
Electroencephalography microstates highlight specific mindfulness traits
Authors: Zarka D. , Cevallos C. , Ruiz P. , Petieau M. , Cebolla A. M. , Bengoetxea A. , Cheron G.
Published: January 2024

The present study aimed to investigate the spontaneous dynamics of large‐scale brain networks underlying mindfulness as a dispositional trait, through resting‐state electroencephalography (EEG) microstates analysis. Eighteen participants had attended a standardized mindfulness‐based stress reduction training (MBSR), and 18 matched waitlist individuals (CTRL) were recorded at rest while they were passively exposed to auditory stimuli. Participants' mindfulness traits were assessed with the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). To further explore the relationship between microstate dynamics at rest and mindfulness traits, participants were also asked to rate their experience according to five phenomenal dimensions. After training, MBSR participants showed a highly significant increase in FFMQ score, as well as higher observing and non‐reactivity FFMQ sub‐scores than CTRL participants. Microstate analysis revealed four classes of microstates (A–D) in global clustering across all subjects. The MBSR group showed lower duration, occurrence and coverage of microstate C than the control group. Moreover, these microstate C parameters were negatively correlated to non‐reactivity sub‐scores of FFMQ across participants, whereas the microstate A occurrence was negatively correlated to FFMQ total score. Further analysis of participants' self‐reports suggested that MBSR participants showed a better sensory‐affective integration of auditory interferences. In line with previous studies, our results suggest that temporal dynamics of microstate C underlie specifically the non‐reactivity trait of mindfulness. These findings encourage further research into microstates in the evaluation and monitoring of the impact of mindfulness‐based interventions on the mental health and well‐being of individuals.
Does inbreeding contribute to pregnancy loss inThoroughbredhorses?
Authors: Lawson Jessica M. , Shilton Charlotte A. , Lindsay‐McGee Victoria , Psifidi Androniki , Wathes D. Claire , Raudsepp Terje , de Mestre Amanda M.
Published: January 2024

Background

Excessive inbreeding increases the probability of uncovering homozygous recessive genotypes and has been associated with an increased risk of retained placenta and lower semen quality. No genomic analysis has investigated the association between inbreeding levels and pregnancy loss.

Objectives

To compare genetic inbreeding coefficients (F) of naturally occurring Thoroughbred Early Pregnancy Loss (EPLs), Mid and Late term Pregnancy Loss (MLPL) and Controls. TheFvalue was hypothesised to be higher in cases of pregnancy loss (EPLs and MLPLs) than Controls.

Study design

Observational case–control study.

Methods

Allantochorion and fetal DNA from EPL (n = 37, gestation age 14–65 days), MLPL (n = 94, gestational age 70 days–24 h post parturition) and Controls (n = 58) were genotyped on the Axiom Equine 670K SNP Genotyping Array. Inbreeding coefficients using Runs of Homozygosity (FROH) were calculated using PLINK software. ROHs were split into size categories to investigate the recency of inbreeding.

Results

MLPLs had significantly higher median number of ROH (188 interquartile range [IQR], 180.8–197.3), length of ROH (3.10, IQR 2.93–3.33), and total number of ROH (590.8, IQR 537.3–632.3), andFROH(0.26, IQR 0.24–0.28) when compared with the Controls and the EPLs (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in any of the inbreeding indices between the EPLs and Controls. The MLPLs had a significantly higher proportion of long (>10 Mb) ROH (2.5%, IQR 1.6–3.6) than the Controls (1.7%, IQR 0.6–2.5),p = 0.001. No unique ROHs were found in the EPL or MLPL populations.

Main limitations

SNP‐array data does not allow analysis of every base in the sequence.

Conclusions

This first study of the effect of genomic inbreeding levels on pregnancy loss showed that inbreeding is a contributor to MLPL, but not EPL in the UK Thoroughbred population. Mating choices remain critical, because inbreeding may predispose to MLPL by increasing the risk of homozygosity for specific lethal allele(s).
Detecting cardiovascular diseases from radiographic images using deep learning techniques
Authors: Alsanea Majed , Dutta Ashit Kumar
Published: January 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CD) is one of the leading causes of death and disability across the globe. Chest x‐rays (CXR) are crucial in detecting chest and CD. The CXR images present helpful information to the radiologist to identify a disease at an earlier stage. Several convolutional neural network (CNN) models for classifying the CXR images have been established. However, there is a demand for significant improvement in CNN models to generalize them in diverse datasets. In addition, healthcare centers require an effective model for identifying CD with limited resources. Therefore, the authors developed a CNN‐based CD detector using CXR images. The proposed research employs the You Only Look Once, version 7 technique to extract features and DenseNet‐161 for classifying the CXR images into normal and abnormal classes. The authors utilized datasets, including CheXpert and VinDr‐CXR, for the performance evaluation. The findings reveal that the proposed study achieves an accuracy and F1‐measure of 97.9, 97.47, 96.85, and 97.77 for the CheXpert and VinDr‐CXR datasets, respectively. The recommended model required fewer parameters of 5.2 M and less computation time for predicting CD. The study's outcome can assist clinicians in detecting CD at the earliest stage.
Organo–organic interactions dominantly drive soil organic carbon accrual
Authors: Kang Jie , Qu Chenchen , Chen Wenli , Cai Peng , Chen Chengrong , Huang Qiaoyun
Published: January 2024

Organo–mineral interactions have been regarded as the primary mechanism for the stabilization of soil organic carbon (SOC) over decadal to millennial timescales, and the capacity for soil carbon (C) storage has commonly been assessed based on soil mineralogical attributes, particularly mineral surface availability. However, it remains contentious whether soil C sequestration is exclusively governed by mineral vacancies, making it challenging to accurately predict SOC dynamics. Here, through a 400‐day incubation experiment using 13C‐labeled organic materials in two contrasting soils (i.e., Mollisol and Ultisol), we show that despite the unsaturation of mineral surfaces in both soils, the newly incorporated C predominantly adheres to “dirty” mineral surfaces coated with native organic matter (OM), demonstrating the crucial role of organo–organic interactions in exogenous C sequestration. Such interactions lead to multilayered C accumulation that is not constrained by mineral vacancies, a process distinct from direct organo–mineral contacts. The coverage of native OM by new C, representing the degree of organo–organic interactions, is noticeably larger in Ultisol (~14.2%) than in Mollisol (~5.8%), amounting to the net retention of exogenous C in Ultisol by 0.2–1.3 g kg−1 and in Mollisol by 0.1–1.0 g kg−1. Additionally, organo–organic interactions are primarily mediated by polysaccharide‐rich microbial necromass. Further evidence indicates that iron oxides can selectively preserve polysaccharide compounds, thereby promoting the organo–organic interactions. Overall, our findings provide direct empirical evidence for an overlooked but critically important pathway of C accumulation, challenging the prevailing “C saturation” concept that emphasizes the overriding role of mineral vacancies. It is estimated that, through organo–organic interactions, global Mollisols and Ultisols might sequester ~0.1–1.0 and ~0.3–1.7 Pg C per year, respectively, corresponding to the neutralization of ca. 0.5%–3.0% of soil C emissions or 5%–30% of fossil fuel combustion globally.
Bioactive potassium and sodium niobate (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 synthesized by solid‐state reaction and sol–gel methods
Authors: Noronha Ferreira Ribeiro Suzana , Elzubair Eltom Amal , Marçal Rubens Lincoln Santana Blazutti , Navarro Da Rocha Daniel , Cationi Hirata Mariáh , Domingos Mariano Eric , Machado Izabel Fernanda , Prado Da Silva Marcelo Henrique
Published: January 2024

This study proposes an innovative approach in the quest for piezoelectric materials, aiming to replace lead‐based ceramics (PZTs), known for their high toxicity. Potassium sodium niobate (KNN) compounds were chosen as a promising alternative. While the synthesis of KNN via solid‐state reaction (SSR) is common, maintaining the correct stoichiometry is challenging. In this work, we employed sol–gel (SG) and SSR methods for synthesis, combined with both conventional sintering techniques and spark plasma sintering. Comprehensive analyses were conducted, including crystal structure, microstructure, density, and piezoelectric properties, as well as bioactivity tests, among others. The results revealed that KNN samples exhibited remarkable piezoelectricity, coupled with surprising bioactivity, demonstrating good cell viability and resorption in a biological medium. Thoughtful selection of synthesis methods and variations in the sintering process were crucial in achieving high densification rates, enabling the investigation of the interplay between density and piezoelectric properties. Additionally, the application of polarization prior to immersion in a biological medium stimulated apatite precipitation. This indicates the promising application of these compounds as bioceramic devices.
Effect of ultrasound treatment on the composition and emulsifying properties of quinoa okara
Authors: Ragonese Verónica E. , Moscoso Ospina Yeisson A. , Cabezas Darío M. , Kakisu Emiliano J.
Published: January 2024

High‐intensity ultrasound (HIUS) treatment is a physical method utilised to modify and improve some technologically important compounds (such as protein, fibres) that serves as an environment‐friendly process. In this regard, the effect of HIUS on the composition and emulsifying properties of quinoa okara fractions was analysed. Dispersions (1:10) of ground quinoa grains alkalinised to pH 9.0 were treated by high‐intensity ultrasound. Quinoa okara and sonicated quinoa okara (SQOK) exhibited a similar extraction yield (60%), although SQOK showed a three‐fold increase in protein content. Scanning electron microscopy showed that HIUS reduced the particle size of okara molecular structures. Analysis of O/W emulsions formulated with the okara samples demonstrated that the SQOK had a smaller droplet size and increased the stability of the system against the destabilisation processes of creaming and coalescence. The quinoa okara optimised with the application of the clean ultrasound technology allows adding value to a by‐product with potential applications as a food emulsifier. Quinoa okara could be used as an innovative additive for application in the emerging plant‐based food market.
Physicochemical characteristics of air‐dried instant noodles formulated with raw amaranth flour: impact on consumer liking, acceptability and purchase intent of soups
Authors: Lopez‐Hernández Sofía , Arámbula‐Villa Gerónimo , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , López‐Espíndola Mirna , Contreras‐Oliva Adriana , de Jesús Ramírez‐Rivera Emmanuel , Herrera‐Corredor José Andrés
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of raw amaranth flour on physicochemical characteristics of instant noodles and the impact in liking, acceptability, and purchase intent of prepared soups. Four formulations of air‐dried instant noodles (50%, 40%, 20% and 0% amaranth) and one commercial product were evaluated in terms of physicochemical and antioxidant activity characteristics. Soups prepared with chicken seasoning were evaluated in terms of consumer liking, acceptability and purchase intent (N = 200). Amaranth‐formulated instant noodles were found to have higher fibre content, protein content, solubility index, cohesiveness, and antioxidant activity than commercial and wheat formulated treatments. On the contrary, a decrease in luminosity, adhesiveness and pasting properties was found. In general, consumer liking of soups was reduced in amaranth‐formulated treatments. Aroma was critical for acceptability and colour was a driver for purchase intent. Including raw amaranth flour in the formulation of instant noodles increased their nutritional quality. However, sensory characteristics of soups should be optimised to meet consumer needs.
Inhibition of blood pressure elevation in GABA‐enriched Hidakakombu fermented with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 002 protected addition of trehalose
Authors: Somekawa Nana , Sekine Tetsuya , Hamada‐Sato Naoko
Published: January 2024

Hidakakombu (Saccharina angustata) is an edible brown alga produced in the Hidaka region of Hokkaido. It is graded at the time of processing, and low‐grade products have a low market value. New ways to utilise Hidakakombu are needed to increase producer profits. In this study, Hidakakombu was fermented with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 002 to determine its functional properties. Fermentation of the Hidakakombu increased its γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) content. The addition of trehalose to L. plantarum 002 in Hidakakombu inhibited the decrease in the number of L. plantarum 002, while maintaining a high level of GABA. L. plantarum 002 in trehalose‐supplemented and fermented Hidakakombu remained viable in simulated gastric juice and grew in simulated intestinal juice. L. plantarum 002‐fermented Hidakakombu has an antihypertensive function that is attributed to GABA. The addition of trehalose protected L. plantarum 002 in fermented Hidakakombu and enhanced freeze‐drying and digestive juice tolerance.
The physical properties of fish gelatin gel are enhanced by the cross‐linking activity of olive leaf water extract
Authors: Akazawa Takashi , Itami Hikaru , Ogawa Masahiro
Published: January 2024

A cold‐water extract prepared from olive tree leaves (Olea europaea L.) was utilised to enhance the mechanical strength and melting temperature of fish gelatin (FG) gel. At concentrations of 5.0% (w/v), olive leaf extract (OLEx) enhanced the breaking stress and strain of FG gel by 11.6‐ and 1.9‐fold, respectively. The melting temperature of FG gel was positively correlated with OLEx levels with FG gel not melting even at temperatures exceeding 80 °C, with the addition of 0.5% (w/v) OLEx. Chemical analysis of FG protein indicated that OLEx induced graft polymerisation of the FG polypeptide chains by reacting with the primary amino groups of FG. Oleacein, the major phenolic compound, purified from OLEx, acted as a cross‐linker, enhancing the breaking strength of the gel, suggesting its predominant role in the gel‐enhancing activity of OLEx. Thus, OLEx demonstrates significant potential as a natural modifier for enhancing FG gel properties.
Seaweed as a sustainable future food source
Authors: Chen Zhengxin , Zhang Lizhu , Liu Yuning , Wen Yuxi , Shan Shuo , Zhao Chao
Published: January 2024

Seaweed is a kind of high‐quality resource with wide distribution, short growth period and variety. They contain a variety of bioactive substances, including vitamins, proteins, polysaccharides, minerals, phenols and terpenes. Seaweed is also a source of a new class of high‐quality protein, and it also contains some active ingredients not found in land plants. These bioactive substances give seaweed powerful physiological functions so that it is used in medical, food, cosmetics and other industries. At present, the development of seaweed is still relatively simple, and its application potential is far more than that. With the support of rich active substances, seaweed is considered to be a healthy food for sustainable applications in the future. On this basis, future applications such as the development of plant‐based meat, plant‐based protein and space food using seaweed are proposed in this paper.
Effect of different forms of nanocellulose on the stability of pork myofibrillar proteins' emulsion system
Authors: Shang Xiaolan , Zhang Chundan , Zhao Pengyi , Wu Yuxin , Wang Zehan
Published: January 2024

Myofibrillar proteins (MP) and two forms of nanocellulose (cellulose nanofibers [CNFs] and cellulose nanocrystals [CNCs]) were used to prepare oil‐in‐water emulsion. The effect of CNFs and CNCs on the properties of pork MP‐lard emulsion was studied by analysing the emulsion index, microstructure, oil droplet size, zeta potential and rheological behaviour of emulsion. The results showed that both CNFs and CNCs improved MP‐lard emulsion stability. At the same nanofiber concentration, the creaming index of CNFs stabilised emulsion was lower than that of CNCs stabilised emulsion, especially at the concentration of 0.5%, emulsion prepared with CNFs has no phenomenon of creaming index, while emulsion prepared with CNCs still has creaming index phenomenon. At the same nanofiber concentration, the oil droplet distribution of CNFs stabilised emulsion was more uniform, especially at low concentrations (≤0.5%). At higher cellulose concentration (≥0.75%), the particle size of CNFs stabilised emulsion was larger than that of CNCs stabilised emulsion. CNFs stabilised emulsion had a higher zeta potential and modulus than that of CNCs stabilised emulsion and the emulsion formed by CNFs was more viscoelastic.
Applications of value‐added natural dye fortified with biopolymer‐based food packaging: sustainability through smart and sensible applications
Authors: Kumar Akash , Pramanik Jhilam , Batta Kajol , Bamal Pooja , Prajapati Bhupendra , Singh Sudarshan
Published: January 2024

Annually, 1.3 billion metric tonnes of food get wasted, and packaging is crucial in reducing food wastage. Anthocyanin is a natural pigment found in plants and recently gained attention due to its biodegradability, non‐toxicity, pH‐sensitive colour‐changing characteristic, antioxidative and antimicrobial properties. These characteristics open a new and promising application in intelligent/smart food packaging. In this context, this review highlights the role of anthocyanin in intelligent or smart packaging specifically focused on pH‐sensitive colour‐changing properties and enhancing the shelf life of food due to antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. This review also provides insights about the anthocyanin extraction methods and intelligent packaging fabrication methods.
Effects of working conditions on the perception of night work safety and health effects on nurses
Authors: Yi Jinseon , Hong Kyung Jin
Published: January 2024

Aim

To examine night working conditions by shift work type and identify the effects of night working conditions on nurses’ perceptions of shift work safety and health effects.

Background

Night work is the main factor affecting nurses’ health. However, the safety of night working conditions has not been sufficiently examined in previous studies.

Methods

This study used a cross‐sectional research design and an online survey using a tool released by the Australian Manufacturing Workers’ Union, and the responses of 348 shift work nurses in Korea were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the effects of shift work conditions on the perceived safety of night work and health effects. The STROBE reporting guidelines were utilized, and data were collected from December 1 to December 31, 2021.

Results

The adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that perceived threat to safety and the health effects of shift work were not significant according to shift type. However, night‐shift‐work nurses who worked alone (P = 0.003), lacked an emergency recovery system (P = 0.026), and had difficulty commuting perceived a threat to their health (P = 0.007). Additionally, nurses who experienced loss of concentration (P = 0.006) and inadequate rest time (P < 0.001) perceived the health effects of shift work.

Discussion

Urgent monitoring of night work conditions is necessary for the 2‐shift work type. Nurses must work night shifts together and an emergency system should be established for their safety.

Conclusion

Night work conditions should be improved to prevent the hazards of night work and its negative health effects on nurses.

Implications for nursing and health policy

This study suggests the necessity of a policy to enhance night work safety, including emergency coping systems and sufficient inter‐shift rest time.
Low‐temperature sintered (Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, Mo)C ceramics with improved hardness and toughness by using CrN as sintering additive
Authors: Liu Yang , Liang Jia‐Ji , Guo Wei‐Ming , Tian Yu , Liu Hong‐Lan , Huang Kun‐Heng , Lin Hua‐Tay
Published: January 2024

Currently, previous studies of low‐temperature sintering of high‐entropy carbide ceramics (HECCs) have followed the traditional approach to use the low‐melting‐point metals, such as Co, Ni, and so forth, as sintering additives. However, metallic binders can cause adverse impacts on hardness of HECCs. This study reported an innovation processing method for low‐temperature sintering of HECCs, which involved the use of various contents of CrN as sintering additive and spark plasma sintering at 1600°C to obtain dense HECCs. In comparison to the grain size of pure (Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, Mo)C bulk sintered at 2000°C (3.29 ± 1.02 μm), the grain size of samples with the addition of 5–15 wt.% CrN sintered at 1600°C was significantly smaller, ranging from 0.32 to 0.48 μm. By using only 5 wt.% CrN, dense (Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, Mo)C ceramics with a high hardness value of 26.73 ± 0.43 GPa could be obtained. Furthermore, increasing the amount of CrN to 15 wt.% resulted in a fracture toughness of 3.78 ± 0.10 MPa·m1/2. It is anticipated that the (Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, Mo)C ceramic with an ideally combined hardness and toughness can be achieved at low sintering temperatures by the proper control of CrN content.
Mid‐term outcomes of total neointima implantation in surgical repair of acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: Lin Yong , Xie Lin‐feng , Zhang Zhao‐feng , He Jian , Dai Xiao‐fu , Chen Liang‐wan , Chen Mei‐fang
Published: January 2024

Total neointima implantation (patch neointima technique + triple‐branched stent graft placement) has been performed in proximal aortic repair for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) for more than 10 years at a center. However, there is no report on the mid‐term outcomes with a control group of the surgical procedure. Consequently, the authors aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this technique in this study. Patients who underwent the total neointima implantation were classified as Group A, and those who underwent the conventional aortic root reconstruction with the “sandwich” technique and the total aortic arch replacement were classified as Group B. Furthermore, the authors described the preoperative characteristics, operative data, and patient outcomes. Group A patients experienced a shorter surgery duration, lower volumes of perioperative bleeding, and fewer red blood cell transfusions. The incidence of neurological complications was significantly reduced in Group A. All patients maintained a normal range of proximal aortic sizes after surgery. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed no significant differences between the patients in the two groups regarding cumulative mortality and the incidence of moderate‐to‐severe aortic insufficiency. In well‐selected patients, total neointima implantation is an alternative procedure for the surgical repair of ATAAD.
C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 promotes tubular cell senescence and renal fibrosis through β‐catenin‐inhibited fatty acid oxidation
Authors: Wu Qinyu , Chen Qiurong , Xu Dan , Wang Xiaoxu , Ye Huiyun , Li Xiaolong , Xiong Yabing , Li Jiemei , Zhou Shan , Miao Jinhua , Shen Weiwei , Liu Youhua , Niu Hongxin , Tang Ying , Zhou Lili
Published: January 2024

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly increasing. Renal fibrosis is a common pathological feature in various CKD. Previous studies showed tubular cell senescence is highly involved in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. However, the inducers of tubular senescence and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully investigated. C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), a G‐protein‐coupled seven‐span transmembrane receptor, increases renal fibrosis and plays an important role in tubular cell injury. Whereas, whether CXCR4 could induce tubular cell senescence and the detailed mechanisms have not studied yet. In this study, we adopted adriamycin nephropathy and 5/6 nephrectomy models, and cultured tubular cell line. Overexpression or knockdown of CXCR4 was obtained by injection of related plasmids. We identified CXCR4 increased in injury tubular cells. CXCR4 was expressed predominantly in renal tubular epithelial cells and co‐localized with adipose differentiation‐related protein (ADRP) as well as the senescence‐related protein P16INK4A. Furthermore, we found overexpression of CXCR4 greatly induced the activation of β‐catenin, while knockdown of CXCR4 inhibited it. We also found that CXCR4 inhibited fatty acid oxidation and triggered lipid deposition in tubular cells. To inhibit β‐catenin by ICG‐001, an inhibitor of β‐catenin, could significantly block CXCR4‐suppressed fatty acid oxidation. Taken together, our results indicate that CXCR4 is a key mediator in tubular cell senescence and renal fibrosis. CXCR4 promotes tubular cell senescence and renal fibrosis by inducing β‐catenin and inhibiting fatty acid metabolism. Our findings provide a new theory for tubular cell injury in renal fibrosis.