bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Venedig und der „wilde Osten“
Authors: Paulus Christof , Weber Albert
Published: November 2020

Venice is considered the best-informed community of the late Middle Ages. The study examines the availability of information for the second half of the 15th century, particularly with regard to the key year 1462/1463, and as a case study concentrates on areas of the supposed Venetian periphery of interest, above all Hungary and the two principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. The result is a thoroughly differentiated system of information acquisition, verification and control. Means of communication, as well as different areas of interest of the Serenissima, can be identified. A distinction is made between information maps and communication maps. The latter also include the distribution of news from the lagoon city exchanged with foreign envoys. During the period concerned, news was exchanged in an astonishingly liberal way, in turn integrating the Serenissima into the information networks of the other Italian states. The study thus places the „information commodity“ within the research field of late medieval gift exchange and patronage structures. In short, a thoroughly pragmatic Venetian approach to news acquisition and evaluation can be observed. Verification of the quality of the information obtained was subject not least to quantitative and ranking criteria. Ultimately, the informational power of Venice was based above all on its outstanding reputation among its contemporaries.
MIS-C and Cardiac Conduction Abnormalities
Authors: Choi Nak Hyun , Fremed Michael , Starc Thomas , Weller Rachel , Cheung Eva , Ferris Anne , Silver Eric S. , Liberman Leonardo
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has spread through the pediatric population during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Our objective for the study was to report the prevalence of conduction anomalies in MIS-C and identify predictive factors for the conduction abnormalities.

METHODS:

We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients <21 years of age presenting with MIS-C over a 1-month period. We collected clinical outcomes, laboratory findings, and diagnostic studies, including serial electrocardiograms, in all patients with MIS-C to identify those with first-degree atrioventricular block (AVB) during the acute phase and assess for predictive factors.

RESULTS:

Thirty-two patients met inclusion criteria. Median age at admission was 9 years. Six of 32 patients (19%) were found to have first-degree AVB, with a median longest PR interval of 225 milliseconds (interquartile range 200–302), compared with 140 milliseconds (interquartile range 80–178) in patients without first-degree AVB. The onset of AVB occurred at a median of 8 days after the initial symptoms and returned to normal 3 days thereafter. No patients developed advanced AVB, although 1 patient developed a PR interval >300 milliseconds. Another patient developed new-onset right bundle branch block, which resolved during hospitalization. Cardiac enzymes, inflammatory markers, and cardiac function were not associated with AVB development.

CONCLUSIONS:

In our population, there is a 19% prevalence of first-degree AVB in patients with MIS-C. All patients with a prolonged PR interval recovered without progression to high-degree AVB. Patients admitted with MIS-C require close electrocardiogram monitoring during the acute phase.
Impact of Micro-, Mini- and Multi-Electrode Mapping on Ventricular Substrate Characterisation
Authors: Berte Benjamin , Zeppenfeld Katja , Tung Roderick
Published: November 2020

Accurate substrate characterisation may improve the evolving understanding and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. During substrate-based ablation techniques, wide practice variations exist with mapping via dedicated multi-electrode catheter or conventional ablation catheters. Recently, newer ablation catheter technology with embedded mapping electrodes have been introduced. This article focuses on the general misconceptions of voltage mapping and more specific differences in unipolar and bipolar signal morphology, field of view, signal-to-noise ratio, mapping capabilities (density and resolution), catheter-specific voltage thresholds and impact of micro-, mini- and multi-electrodes for substrate mapping. Efficiency and cost-effectiveness of different catheter types are discussed. Increasing sampling density with smaller electrodes allows for higher resolution with a greater likelihood to record near-field electrical information. These advances may help to further improve our mechanistic understanding of the correlation between substrate and ventricular tachycardia, as well as macro-reentry arrhythmia in humans.
Merawat Harmoni Agama melalui Kolaborasi Musik Hadroh dan Trompet di Ambon
Authors: Lestari Dewi Tika
Published: November 2020

This article aims to describe the role of music for preserving religious harmony after the social-religious conflict that occurred in 1999-2004 in Maluku. The study is conducted toward the collaboration of musicians of the music of hadroh which come from the Muslim community and the music of trumpet which come from the Christian community in Ambon City. This study uses a qualitative research approach with a discourse analysis approach. The study shows that both of the musical instruments, hadroh and trumpet, are always used in religious rituals, both in Islam and Christian. The musicians are also fromthese two religions. This study also found that Muslim and Christian can collaborate to provide a new style and introduce a new approach for maintaining peace in Maluku. As a result, this study shows that music has the power to preserve peace in a pluralistic society.
C123 – Methane Oxidative Conversion and Hydroformylation to Propylene
Authors: Dubois Jean-Luc , Nieder-Heitmann Mieke , Letoffet Antoine , Vleeming Hank
Published: November 2020

The C123 project will develop two scenarios for the production of C3 products from unutilised natural gas sources. The add-on route targets propylene production in large, established petrochemical facilities. The modular route targets the production of a set of other C3 products from remote, stranded methane sources such as marginal gas or biogas. Potential sites for the exploitation of the C123 technology are investigated. A market study of the potential C3 products from the modular route, propanal, 1-propanol and propionic acid is then provided, which indicates that a smaller, local production process for these chemicals may have economic viability.
On the Assessment of Social Impact. Approach to the state of the question
Authors: Azuara Garcés David
Published: November 2020

The objective of this article is to explore the concept of social impact, from the meaning attributed to the term, the fields in which it is used, as well as the existing methodologies for its calculation. In this way, and taking into account the existing professional and academic work, the aim is to establish a theoretical base as a frame of reference that allows the future development of a methodology for evaluating social impact. In this way and in relation to the term, a contextualization of the meaning itself is carried out to determine what is used. Likewise, the best-known methodologies that are considered, highlighting the differences between them and identifying possible shortcomings and the stages that may be improved. Given the growing importance of the impact assessment processes applied in economic, social and environmental terms, and at the same time taking into account what it was observed in this work, the existing methodologies have a lack of standardized model that offers quantitatively homogeneous results that allow comparison between entities, companies or projects.
La influencia política de la derecha radical: Vox y los partidos navarros
Authors: Acha Ugarte Beatriz , Innerarity Grau Carmen , Lasanta Palacios María
Published: November 2020

Desde la entrada de Vox en el Parlamento andaluz en diciembre de 2018, se han producido cambios significativos en el sistema político español. En este trabajo pretendemos analizar si la irrupción de Vox ha tenido algún tipo de efecto o impacto en el sistema político de la Comunidad Foral de Navarra en dos ámbitos concretos: las dinámicas de competición partidista ante la aparición del nuevo competidor y el uso que hacen los demás partidos de los temas que suelen asociarse a la derecha radical. Para ello, revisamos los programas autonómicos de los partidos con representación parlamentaria y repasamos también algunas dinámicas de establecimiento de alianzas electorales. Concluimos, por una parte, que puede ser aún pronto para hallar un claro impacto de los temas de Vox en los programas de los partidos navarros más relevantes (aunque sí podría hablarse de un “contradiscurso” entre partidos de izquierda); mientras que parece más claro que el acuerdo estratégico para formar la coalición Navarra Suma se debe, al menos en parte, al objetivo de evitar la dispersión del voto conservador ante la presencia de la nueva formación en este campo y, más específicamente, al de evitar cualquier pérdida de escaños que pudiera complicar la eventual formación de gobierno.
Activation of Human T cells with Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) v1
Authors: Molvi Zaki
Published: November 2020

Activating T cells with Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) is a cheap and easy way to initiate a culture of rapidly growing T cells from human samples. PHA-activated T cells, or PHA blasts, can be used for downstream applications such as transduction (e.g. of a CAR or TCR) or as target cells for CTLs since they express sufficiently high levels of HLA class I. An especially useful application is for QCing a batch of frozen PBMCs -- if PHA blasts do not grow in 5 days from a given batch, then it is unlikely that such cells are in adequate condition for more sensitive in vitro applications. I describe here how I like to make them.
Carbonization processing of bauxite residue as an alternative rare metal recovery process
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Pyagay I. N. , Kremcheev E. A. ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Pasechnik L. A. ,   Institute of Solid State Chemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Yatsenko S. P. ,   Institute of Solid State Chemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Published: November 2020

A prerequisite for commercial production of rare metals is a continuous effort given to developing knowledge-intensive recovery and refining techniques. Commonly known natural raw materials and conventional processing techniques, which are based on initial acid activation and recovery of minerals, as well as selective recovery of the target component (i.e. by sorption and extraction) cannot always ensure sufficient productivity or cost-effectiveness. This paper considers certain aspects of continued research in this area, which would require novel techniques. Such techniques should be based on new approaches allowing for the use of alternative raw materials to produce valuable rare metals on a cost-effective basis. It is demonstrated that red mud, i.e. waste material generated by bauxite industry and rich in scandium and other rare metals, can serve as such alternative source material. The paper describes the results of a study that looked at finding an optimum carbonization process for red mud that would ensure a consistent and predictable complexing process with regard to certain components. The paper also examines the environment in which soluble carbonate complexes can be stabilized and concentrated in the pregnant solution before the primary scandium-bearing concentrate can be recovered. The authors identified target parameters that determine enhanced filtration properties of carbonized slurry to ensure complete separation of the pregnant solution from the dehydrated (to the residual moisture content of 18%) carbonized residue. The paper highlights some positive factors of the carbonization process which enable a comprehensive utilization of alumina production waste. They include a long-term sequestration of carbon dioxide in the air and modified physical and chemical properties of red muds. This makes carbonized muds more compactable and thus more suitable for transportation and minimizes waste disposal hazards. The experimental research was carried out in conformance with the governmental assignments of the Institute of Solid State Chemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Saint-Petersburg Mining University.
Built Environment, Ethics and Everyday Life
Authors: Kärrholm Mattias , Kopljar Sandra
Published: November 2020

In the wake of global crises concerning, for example, inequalities, migration, pandemics, and the environment, ethical concerns have come to the fore. In this thematic issue, we are especially interested in the role that the planning, design, and materialities of the built environment can take in relation to ethics, and we present four different openings or themes into urban ethics that we also think are worthy of further interrogation. First of all, we suggest that new ethics evolve around new materialities, i.e., urban development and new design solutions are always accompanied by new ethical issues that we need to tackle. Secondly, we highlight different aspects involved in the design and ethics of community building. Thirdly, we address the issue of sustainable planning by pointing to some its shortcomings, and especially the need to addressing ethical concerns in a more coherent way. Finally, we point to the need to further investigate communication, translation, and influence in participatory design processes. Taken together, we hope that this issue—by highlighting these themes in a series of different articles—can inspire further studies into the much needed field of investigation that is urban ethics.
SCENES WITH THE EARTH AS ACTOR: AGENCY AND THE EARLY-MODERN EARTH
Authors: REGIER JONATHAN
Published: November 2020

This essay asks how several major figures of Renaissance and early-modern philosophy saw the Earth as agential. It argues that the Earth’s agency served as a well-articulated and fundamental concept in their philosophies. That is, figures like Giordano Bruno and Johannes Kepler conceived of the Earth’s agency such that it solved key problems in their cosmological systems. The essay is inspired by Bruno Latour’s ecological thought, even as it acts as a corrective to certain of his assertions about early modernity. The essay concludes with some practical lessons that might be taken from early modernity.
ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS FOR A FALLEN WORLD: JOHANN JAKOB SCHEUCHZER (1672–1733) AND THE BOUNDARIES OF HUMAN AGENCY
Authors: MIGLIETTI SARA
Published: November 2020

This article traces the formation of a (self-)critical discourse around human environmental agency in early Enlightenment Europe, focusing on the Swiss naturalist Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (1672–1733) and the Royal Society milieus to which he was connected. In manuscript and printed writings, and particularly in his beautifully illustrated Physica sacra (1731–1735), Scheuchzer used a combination of biblical exegesis, thought experiments, and ecological insights to reflect about the relationship between God, humankind, and nature. Against claims that the tradition of natural theology in which Scheuchzer belonged “prevented and delayed the acknowledgment of the earth as vulnerable” (Kempe 2003b, p. 166), the article shows how different thinkers could use the Bible to support competing claims regarding the role of humans as agents in God’s creation. While some authors enthusiastically upheld contemporary ideologies of environmental ‘improvement’, others—including Scheuchzer himself—called for greater self-restraint and developed a biblically-grounded form of precautionary environmental ethics.
Antimicrobial Effect of Propolis Administered through Two Different Vehicles in High Caries Risk Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: El-Allaky Hend S , Wahba Nadia A , Talaat Dalia M , Zakaria Azza S
Published: November 2020

Objective: To investigate the effect of two methods of propolis administration on plaque accumulation and microbial count as well as patient acceptance of each vehicle. Study design: A randomized clinical trial with two parallel arms was used with a sample of 60 high caries risk children 6–8 years old. Children were divided randomly into two groups. Group I: Children who received propolis chewing gum and instructed to chew it twice daily for at least twenty minutes, for two weeks. Group II: children who received propolis mouthwash and instructed to rinse twice daily for one minute. A plaque index was recorded and a plaque sample was collected from all participants at base line and after two weeks of treatment. All participants were asked to rate the preparation they received during treatment period on a Visual Analogue Scale chart. Results: Data showed that propolis had a significant effect on reducing plaque scores and colony counts in both vehicles. There was no significant difference between both vehicles neither on plaque reduction nor on microbial count. However children preferred the gum formula. Conclusion: Propolis in both vehicles reduced plaque accumulation and microbial count which recommends its use as an antimicrobial agent in different vehicles.
The Development and Psychometric Properties of the Polish Version of the Self-Control Scale
Authors: Kwapis Krzysztof , Bartczuk Rafał Piotr
Published: November 2020

Samokontrola jest ważną funkcją ludzkiego Ja, dzięki której osoba może przezwyciężyć lub zmienić swoje impulsy, nastroje, emocje i zachowania. Tangney, Baumeister i Boone opracowali skalę do pomiaru indywidualnych różnic w samokontroli – Skalę Samokontroli (Self-Control Scale, S-CS). W artykule przedstawiono adaptację S-CS do polskich warunków kulturowych, nad którą prace rozpoczęto, gdy nie było metody pomiaru samokontroli w Polsce. Cele niniejszego badania były następujące: 1) opracowanie polskiej wersji Skali Samokontroli (S-CS-Pv); 2) ocena właściwości pozycji testowych SC-S-Pv; 3) oszacowanie rzetelności SC-S-Pv; 4) porównanie wewnętrznej struktury S-CS-Pv z oryginalną skalą; 5) ocena trafności teoretycznej SC-S-Pv. W procesie adaptacji S-CS zastosowano procedurę tłumaczenia zwrotnego. Polska adaptacja jest rzetelną metodą o trafności wykazanej zarówno przez korelację z innymi testami, jak i przez porównania grup. Wyniki analizy czynnikowej sugerują jednak jej strukturę wielowymiarową.
Non-Operative Management of Isolated Blunt Hepatic Trauma - An Observational Study
Authors: Dar Waseem Ahmad , Jeelani Shaukat , Mushtaq Umer , Baba Asgar Aziz , Nowreen Farzanah , Ahmad Irshad
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND Blunt trauma is one of the most serious and most common causes of death in youth. Specifically, liver is one of the most frequently injured organs during abdominal trauma. During the last two decades, management of blunt trauma to the liver has changed from mainly operative intervention, to the current practice of selective operative and non-operative management (NOM). Avoidance of a laparotomy with its short- and long-term risks is of great benefit to the patient. Majority of patients admitted for liver injury have grade I, II and III injuries and are successfully treated with non-operative management. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study over a period of 24 months between August 2017 and August 2019 among a total of 48 patients, in the Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College, Srinagar, and associated hospitals who were haemodynamically stable with isolated blunt hepatic trauma. RESULTS As liver trauma occurs more frequently in men, we found that male to female ratio was 3 : 1. In our study, 97 % of patients with isolated blunt hepatic trauma were haemodynamically stable, rest 3 % patients stabilized after initial resuscitation. Most of the complications 14.58 % occurred in higher grade injuries (grade IV and V). The complication rate in our study group was 18.75 %. CONCLUSIONS About 90 % of haemodynamically stable patients with isolated blunt hepatic injury can be managed successfully by non-operative management and nonoperative management is the treatment of choice irrespective of the grade of injury, mode of blunt trauma, age, and gender. KEYWORDS Non Operative Management, Hepatic Trauma
PHYSICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL QUALITY OF CORN KERNELS DURING STORAGE AS A FUNCTION OF PRE-CLEANING
Authors: ZAMBIASI MILENA ANA , RIZZOTTO JÚNIOR PAULO RICARDO DE JESUS , DIONELLO RAFAEL GOMES , RADUNZ LAURI LOURENÇO , MULLER INDIANARA
Published: November 2020

Maize is the most cultivated and consumed cereal in Brazil, which is the world’s third largest producer of this grain. Estimated losses due to pest attack, especially pest insects and fungi, represent approximately 10% of the total production. The pre-cleaning phase allows the reduction of foreign matters and impurities (IM) present in the grains, which are used as food and shelter for stored grain pests. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of pre-cleaning on the physical and technological quality of corn kernels, during bulk storage in a silo-dryer. The grains were harvested with a combine harvester, at a moisture content of around 17% and 0.84% of IM. Part of the grains was submitted to pre-cleaning and subsequently stored in a silo, while the other part was directly stored in a silo-dryer. After pre-cleaning, the grains were sent to the silo-dryer with 0.12% of IM. Drying was carried out by blowing natural air through the grain and the process was completed when the grains reached approximately 12% moisture content. It was concluded that pre-cleaning provided lower hygroscopic equilibrium moisture, reduced the presence of insect damaged grains, and improved the technological classification of grains during storage.
ESPACIALIZAÇÃO DOS ATRATIVOS TURÍSTICOS DO PORTAL DE TURISMO DE NOVA VENEZA, SANTA CATARINA: UM ENSAIO
Authors: Mastella André Fabiano , Farias Jean Lucas De
Published: November 2020

O objetivo do artigo é espacializar os atrativos turísticos do Portal de Turismo de Nova Veneza-SC bem como analisar sua interface e informações relativas à essas atrações. Foi utilizado uma abordagem exploratória e descritiva nos documentos relativos em ao Portal de Turismo de Nova Veneza-SC. Por fim, criou-se, a partir de um SIG livre, um mapa pontual georreferenciado dos atrativos turísticos elencados no Portal de Turismo. Conclui-se que, a partir dos resultados, o Portal de Turismo de Nova Veneza-SC apresenta 24 (vinte e quatro) atrações e precisa utilizar a cartografia temática a fim de produzir um mapa pontual pictórico georreferenciado dos atrativos turísticos do município para o munícipe, bem como aos turistas, já que o mapa criado se mostrou bastante interativo.
Is e-learning a panacea for the current challenges of business ethics teaching?
Authors: Horodecka Anna
Published: November 2020

The scope of the paper is to investigate whether e-learning is a good alternative to achieve business ethics teaching goals in the challenging context of disembedded economies. To achieve this goal, I used various interdisciplinary methods and approaches, content analysis of the relevant literature, and a case study. Firstly, I focus on the current challenges of business ethics teaching. Then, based on my experience of teaching business ethics in various forms, I distinguish the methods applied within them and evaluate them, taking as criteria the cognitive, applicative, and reflective goals of teaching business ethics. Models and theories of educational psychology provide a framework to distinguish some elements that are responsible for the learning success of the student in terms of the defined teaching goal. Empirical results show that although e-learning scored best when it comes to achieving three differentiated goals of business ethics teaching, it is followed closely by seminars. This leads to the conclusion that perhaps a hybrid form, containing e-learning and seminars, would be the optimal way to achieve the goals.
Asociación entre violencia de pareja y síntomas depresivos en mujeres de 15-45 años en el Perú. Un Sub-análisis de la ENDES 2014-2016
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Silva Burga Alejandro
Published: November 2020

Objetivos El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre la violencia de pareja con los síntomas depresivos. Metodología / hallazgos principales Se realizó un análisis secundario de datos utilizando información de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES) de Perú de los años 2014, 2015 y 2016. El resultado fue la presencia de síntomas depresivos según el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente (punto de corte ≥10); mientras que la exposición fue la presencia del violencia por parte de la pareja (según definiciones de OMS). La asociación de interés se evaluó utilizando el modelo de regresión de Poisson que controla el diseño de la encuesta de muestra compleja y los posibles factores de confusión. Se analizaron los datos de 24 099 mujeres en edad fértil (entre 15 a 45 años de edad). Del total de encuestadas, la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos fue de 6.98% [IC 95%: 6.54% -7.20%]. El 64,72% [IC 95% 63,66% - 68,25%] sufrió algún tipo de violencia por parte de su pareja. El tipo de violencia más común contra las mujeres fue la violencia psicológica 63,44% [IC 95% 63,20%- 67,07%] seguida por violencia física, 12,31% [IC 95% 12,00% - 14,01%] y sexual 7,05% [IC 95% 6,96 – 9,02%]. Aquellas mujeres que fueron víctimas de violencia por parte de su pareja tuvieron 2.47 veces mayor probabilidad de tener síntomas depresivos en comparación de aquellas que jamás fueron agredidas [IC 95% 2.08-2.94]. Conclusiones Existe asociación tanto entre la violencia en general así como con violencia específica (psicológica, física y/o sexual) con síntomas depresivos.
Análisis de los principales factores que permitieron desarrollar una eficiente transformación digital en las principales empresas del sector banca múltiple peruano
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Cabrera Vergara Cristian Jesús , Castillo Bravo Solange Beatriz
Published: November 2020

Las organizaciones reconocen la necesidad de cambiar el modelo de negocio tradicional por uno cada vez más digital y ágil. Por ello, han empezado a transformarse digitalmente, buscando ser más competitivos en un entorno cambiante. Sin embargo, este proceso es relativamente nuevo, y en el Perú son pocos los que han logrado implementarlos positivamente. Por ello, cada vez hay más empresas que reconocen la necesidad de transformarse, pero que desconocen cómo hacerlo. Esta investigación comprende la recopilación bibliográfica, realización de entrevistas, procesamiento de encuestas a los 4 principales bancos, y el análisis estadístico de los resultados para desarrollar estimaciones que permitirían conocer los principales factores que pudieron priorizarse para tener un desarrollo eficiente en este proceso. Esta investigación reúne información y analiza las percepciones de sus trabajadores para realizar estimaciones exploratorias acerca de los factores que permiten obtener un desarrollo eficiente de transformación digital. Se realizaron entrevistas a expertos de diversos sectores y a 4 trabajadores del sector bancario. Finalmente, se realizaron 70 encuestas, de los cuales 59 fueron válidas para su procesamiento. Sin embargo, debido a las limitaciones de tiempo y confidencialidad, no se pudo obtener un tamaño mayor, impidiendo hacer un análisis concluyente a nivel estadístico que pudiera extrapolarse el resto de las empresas. Finalmente, se identificaron 2 enfoques que permiten obtener un desarrollo eficiente en el proceso de transformación: centrarnos en el cliente y colaborador, tomando en cuenta las limitaciones externas e internas durante proceso y reconociendo el objetivo o razón que los lleva al cambio.
Factores determinantes internos y externos que influyeron en las exportaciones de limón sutil fresco de las empresas de la Región Piura en el periodo 2014–2018
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Sotelo Huachua Ariana Zarela , Tafur Baca Rosalia Lucero
Published: November 2020

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los factores determinantes internos y externos que influyeron en las exportaciones de limón sutil fresco de las empresas de la Región Piura, de manera que este estudio incentive a las empresas que aún no exportan este fruto, a identificar los factores internos y externos necesarios que faciliten su internacionalización a diversos mercados y con ello el crecimiento de las exportaciones. En el primer capítulo, se presenta los antecedentes; bases teóricas de internacionalización, negocios internacionales y factores determinantes de empresas exportadoras y; la descripción del limón sutil fresco. En el segundo capítulo, se muestran los síntomas y causas del problema, así como el diagnóstico actual de las empresas exportadoras de limón sutil fresco de Piura del año 2014 al 2018. Por último, se plantea el problema, los objetivos y las hipótesis. En el tercer capítulo, se describe la metodología, la cual es cuantitativa, de alcance descriptivo, correlacional y explicativo, puesto que explica los perfiles de empresas exportadoras de limón sutil y encuentra la relación entre las variables de cada factor. Para ello, se encuestó a 20 empresas exportadoras de limón sutil fresco de Piura. En el cuarto capítulo, se presenta la aplicación, estructura y análisis de la encuesta. En el quinto capítulo, se detallan los resultados obtenidos del SPSS. En las conclusiones y recomendaciones, se afirma que los tres factores determinantes internos y uno externo son potencialmente calificados para las empresas exportadoras y se plantean acciones para aumentar las exportaciones de limón sutil fresco.
Liderazgo del Comando Técnico y su influencia en el Desarrollo Formativo de las divisiones menores de los clubes profesionales de Lima en el 2019
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Huarhua León Eduard Kevyn , Rosales Berrocal Iván Eliecer
Published: November 2020

En el presente estudio se busca determinar que el liderazgo del comando técnico si influye en el desarrollo formativo de la división de menores de los clubes profesionales de lima en el 2019. Para cumplir con el objetivo y medir las variables de investigación se utilizaron dos herramientas, las cuales fueron: entrevistas a entrenadores expertos en el desarrollo formativo y encuestas tipo Likert a los jugadores que conforman los equipos profesionales en Lima (Club Alianza Lima, Club Deportivo Municipal, Club Sporting Cristal, Club Universitario de Deportes y Club Deportivo Universidad San Martín de Porres), se probó y fue validad para su aplicación en el contexto peruano. Para la construcción de dichas herramientas se orientaron en las dos dimensiones el Liderazgo Transformacional y el Liderazgo Transaccional y las cuatro dimensiones del desarrollo formativo que son: Aspecto Táctico, Aspecto Físico, Aspecto Psicológico y Aspecto Social. La población estuvo constituida por jugadores de las divisiones menores de los cinco clubes profesionales de Lima, cuya muestra fue de 286 deportistas, pertenecientes al género masculino y las edades oscilan entre los 13 a 15 años. Una vez recopilado los datos se procedió a analizarlo a través del programa IBM SPSS Stadistics, donde se obtuvo como coeficiente de Pearson de 0.366 que demuestra la relación positiva de estas dos variables. A pesar de este resultado, también se obtuvo que dicha relación es débil por lo que se brindara algunas recomendaciones para que los clubes puedan tomar en cuenta.
BIRDS AND HONEY BEES: A BRIEF OVERVIEW ON THIS ANTAGONISTIC RELATIONSHIP AND ITS POTENTIAL IMPACT ON BEEKEEPING
Authors: FLORIS IGNAZIO , PUSCEDDU MICHELINA , SATTA ALBERTO
Published: November 2020

The human-wildlife conflict between beekeeping and wild birds is complicated, and further detailed studies are needed for a deeper understanding of the role and possible impact of predation by wild birds on honey production and bee colony health. Another potentially negative effect of birds on bees could be the dissemination of pathogens, such as Nosema ceranae. However, other important aspects of the complex relationship between bees and wild birds should be considered. First, honey bees have developed behavioural defences against the pressure of native predatory birds. Second, the ethology of some of these predators is fascinating like the interesting mutualistic relationship established between the so-called honeyguides and beekeepers. Finally, predatory birds could be important in the biocontrol of other bee enemies such as the invasive Asian hornet. Taking these additional aspects into consideration would provide a better insight into the conflict between wild animal conservation and human activity.
Representações sobre ciência e cientista em Pokemon e Lilo & Stitch
Authors: Mota Ilka de Oliveira , Nobre Yuri de Oliveira Monteiro
Published: November 2020

Este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender as representações imaginárias sobre ciência e cientista que atravessam dois desenhos infantis estrangeiros que circulam na TV brasileira: Pokemon e Lilo & Stitch. Para isso, apoiamo-nos no aparato teórico-metodológico da Análise de Discurso de linha francesa e brasileira, mobilizando noções como texto, discurso, imaginário e formação discursiva. Partimos do pressuposto de que os desenhos animados, longe de serem objetos inocentes e transparentes, trazem em seu bojo regiões de interpretação a partir das quais irrompem diferentes discursividades, reforçando muitas vezes sentidos cristalizados sobre relações sociais, ciência e cientista.
Application of voltammetry in biomedicine - Recent achievements in enzymatic voltammetry
Authors: Gulaboski Rubin , Mirceski Valentin
Published: November 2020

Protein-film voltammetry (PFV) is considered the simplest methodology to study the electrochemistry of lipophilic redox enzymes in an aqueous environment. By anchoring particular redox enzymes on the working electrode surface, it is possible to get an insight into the mechanism of enzyme action. The PFV methodology enables access to the relevant thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the enzyme-electrode reaction and enzyme-substrate interactions, which is important to better understand many metabolic pathways in living systems and to delineate the physiological role of enzymes. PFV additionally provides important information which is useful for designing specific biosensors, simple medical devices and bio-fuel cells. In the current review, we focus on some recent achievements of PFV, while presenting some novel protocols that contribute to a better communication between redox enzymes and the working electrode. Insights to several new theoretical models that provide a simple strategy for studying electrode reactions of immobilized enzymes and that enable both kinetic and thermodynamic characterization of enzyme-substrate interactions are also provided. In addition, we give a short overview to several novel voltammetric techniques, derived from the perspective of square-wave voltammetry, which seem to be promising tools for application in PFV.
Aging skin and non-surgical procedures: a basic science overview
Authors: Vandiver Amy R. , Hogan Sara R.
Published: November 2020

Skin aging is a major cosmetic concern and associated with extensive changes in skin function and structure. The understanding of the basic science underlying skin aging is rapidly progressing, anchored around nine fundamental hallmarks of aging defined in 2013. Here we present the evidence for the relevance of each hallmark of aging to skin aging, emphasizing the uniquely prominent roles of oxidative damage and the extracellular matrix in photoaging. We review the existing evidence for how established treatments of skin aging target each fundamental hallmark and discuss targets for potential future treatments.
Minimizing complications after minimally invasive surgery for epiphrenic diverticula of the esophagus: technical tips
Authors: Herbella Fernando A. M. , Patti Marco G.
Published: November 2020

Epiphrenic diverticula occur within the distal 10 cm of the esophagus. Because they are secondary to an underlying esophageal motility disorder, the surgical treatment of these diverticula must include a myotomy in addition to the resection of the diverticulum. In selected cases, the diverticulum can be left in place, performing only the myotomy and the partial fundoplication. Most patients will eventually become asymptomatic and the diverticulum can be left in place. Overall, it is a challenging operation that may be associated to significant morbidity. In this review, we illustrate the key technical elements and how to troubleshoot eventual problems.
The Single-Celled Ancestors of Animals: A History of Hypotheses
Authors: Brunet Thibaut , King Nicole
Published: November 2020

Animals, with their complex and obligate multicellularity, evolved from microbial eukaryotes that were likely obligately or facultatively unicellular. The nature of the unicellular progenitors of animals has intrigued biologists since the late 19th century, coinciding with the parallel spread of the cell theory and the theory of evolution. However, views on the ancestry of animals have been extremely varied. The huge diversity of single-celled organisms, the tremendous plasticity of animal cellular phenotypes, and the difficulties of organizing both into clear phylogenies in the pre-molecular era allowed a wide range of hypotheses to flourish, with nearly every major single-celled lineage, at one time or another, having been proposed as the precursor of animals. Most of these hypotheses never gained followers beyond their originator (such as the ideas that animals evolved directly from either bacteria, Volvox or fungi) and will not be discussed here. Three concepts, however, have been enduring and influential: (1) the amoeboid theory; (2) the flagellate theory; and the (3) the ciliate theory – to which a fourth category can now be added: (4) a mixed model, in which the ancestor was phenotypically plastic. We will discuss their origin, history, and current relevance.
A Bi-Objective Home Health Care Routing and Scheduling Model with Considering Nurse Downgrading Costs
Authors: Khodabandeh Pouria , Kayvanfar Vahid , Rafiee Majid , Werner Frank
Published: November 2020

In recent years, the management of health systems is a main concern of governments and decision makers. Home health care is one of the newest methods of providing services to patients in developed societies that can respond to the individual lifestyle of modern age and the increase of life expectancy. The home health care routing and scheduling problem is a generalized version of the vehicle routing problem, which is extended to a complex problem by adding special features and constraints of health care problems. In this problem, there are multiple stakeholders such as nurses for which an increase of their satisfaction level is very important. In this study, a mathematical model is developed to expand traditional home health care routing and scheduling models to downgrading cost aspects by adding the objective of minimizing the difference between the actual and potential skills of the nurses. Downgrading can lead to a dissatisfaction of the nurses. In addition, skillful nurses have higher salaries and high-level services increase equipment costs and need more expensive trainings and nursing certificates. Therefore, downgrading can enforce hidden huge costs to the managers of a company. To solve the bi-objective model, an -constraint based approach is suggested and the model applicability and its ability to solve the problem in various sizes are discussed. A sensitivity analysis on the Epsilon parameter is conducted to analyze the effect of this parameter on the problem. Finally, some managerial insights are presented to help the managers in this field, and some directions for future studies are mentioned as well.
Pathways with Genomic Variation in Family DNA Microarrays Linked to Autism Risk Inheritance
Authors: Wall Dennis , Esteban Francisco , Tonellato Peter
Published: November 2020

The genetic heterogeneity of autism has stymied the search for causes and cures. Whole-genomic studies on large numbers of families have helped identify combinations of inherited and de novo signal. In the present work, we re-analyze DNA microarrays using a novel strategy that takes prior knowledge of genetic relationships into account and that was designed to boost signal important to our understanding of the molecular basis of autism. Our strategy was designed to identify significant genomic variation within a priori defined biological concepts and improves signal detection while lessening the severity of multiple test correction seen in standard analysis of genome-wide association data. Upon application of our approach using 3,244 biological concepts, we detected genomic variation in 68 biological concepts with significant association to autism in comparison to family-based controls. These concepts clustered naturally into a total of 19 classes, principally including cell adhesion, cancer, and immune response. The top-ranking concepts contained high percentages of genes already suspected to play roles in autism or in a related neurological disorder. In addition, many of the sets associated with autism at the DNA level also proved to be predictive of changes in gene expression within a separate population of autistic cases, suggesting that the signature of genomic variation may also be detectable in blood-based transcriptional profiles. This cross-validation with gene expression data from individuals with autism coupled with the enrichment within autism-related neurological disorders supported the possibility that the mutations play important roles in the onset of autism and should be given priority for further study. Our work provides new leads into the genetic underpinnings of autism and highlights the importance of reanalysis of genomic studies of complex disease using prior knowledge of genetic organization.
CA724 predicts overall survival in locally advanced gastric cancer patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy 
Authors: Tong Yilin , Zhao Yan , Shan Zexing , Zhang Jianjun
Published: November 2020

Background: Serum tumor markers including AFU, AFP, CEA, CA199, CA125 and CA724, are of great importance in the diagnosis, prognostic prediction and recurrence monitoring of gastrointestinal malignancies. However, their significance in gastric cancer (GC) patients with neoadjuvant therapy (NCT) is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of these six tumor markers in locally advanced GC patients who underwent NCT and curative surgery. Methods: In total, 290 locally advanced GC patients who underwent NCT and D2 radical gastrectomy were retrospectively analyzed. Data on their tumor markers before (pre-) and after (post-) NCT and pathological characteristics were extracted from the database of our hospital. The optimal cutoff values of the six tumor markers were calculated by the ROC curve and Youden index. Their predictive significance was analyzed and survival curves for overall survival (OS) were obtained by the Kaplan-Meier method. Associations between categorical variables were explored by the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Multivariate analyses were performed by the Cox regression model. Results: Pre- and post-CA199, -CA125 and -CA724 could predict overall survival (all P < 0.05), but only the change (diff-) of CA199 was related to prognosis (P = 0.05). In the multivariable analysis, pre- (P = 0.014) and post-CA724 (P = 0.036) remained significant, though diff-CA724 was not an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.581). In addition, pre- and post-CA199, -CA125 and -CA724 were associated with lymph node metastasis (N- vs N+) and pathological stage (Ⅰ-Ⅱ vs Ⅲ) (all P < 0.05). Moreover, post-CA724 was related to the vascular or lymphatic invasion (P = 0.019), while pre-CA724 was not (P = 0.082). However, AFU, AFP and CEA showed no association with survival (P > 0.05). Conclusions: CA724 is an independent factor for prognosis and could be used to predict ypN and ypTNM stage in locally advanced GC patients undergoing NCT and curative resection.
SS/PT and SS-PT as indicators for identification of compensatory sagittal balance in patients with degenerative disc disease
Authors: Niu Shengbo , Zhai Xiao , Chen Yuanyuan , Yang Huan , Yang Changwei , Li Ming
Published: November 2020

Study designA retrospective studyBackgroundTo determine whether radiological parameters such as maximal lumbar lordosis-maximal thoracic kyphosis (maxLL-maxTK), sacral slope-pelvic tilt(SS-PT) and sacral slope/pelvic tilt (SS/PT) could be used as indicators for the diagnosis of degenerative disc disease (DDD) in compensatory sagittal balanced patients.MethodsMedical records of compensatory sagittal balanced DDD patients and asymptomatic adults in our hospital from July 2019 to November 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. General characters and radiological parameters were evaluated between the two groups. Analysis of covariance with age as a covariate was conducted, followed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and areas under the curve (AUC) calculation. The max Youden index was calculated to identify the optimal sensitivity specificity pairs.ResultsA total of 42 DDD patients and 199 asymptomatic adults were included. For those parameters that showed significant differences between the two groups, AUC for SS/PT and SS-PT were the largest, reaching 0.919 and 0.936, respectively. The sensitivity was 0.749, the specificity was 0.952 and the max Youden index was 0.701 when SS/PT = 1.635 was used as threshold. The max Youden index was found for a threshold of SS-PT = 8.500, for which the sensitivity increased to 0.854, while the specificity decreased to 0.857.ConclusionsBoth SS/PT and SS-PT were significantly different between compensatory sagittal balanced DDD patients and asymptomatic adults. SS/PT < 1.6 and SS-PT < 8.5 could be used as indicators for the diagnosis of DDD patients with compensatory sagittal balance.