bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topic Modelling Discourse Dynamics in Historical Newspapers
Authors: Marjanen Jani , Zosa Elaine , Hengchen Simon , Pivovarova Lidia , Tolonen Mikko
Published: October 2024

This paper addresses methodological issues in diachronic data analysis for historical research. We apply two families of topic models (LDA and DTM) on a relatively large set of historical newspapers, with the aim of capturing and understanding discourse dynamics. Our case study focuses on newspapers and periodicals published in Finland between 1854 and 1917, but our method can easily be transposed to any diachronic data. Our main contributions are a) a combined sampling, training and inference procedure for applying topic models to huge and imbalanced diachronic text collections; b) a discussion on the differences between two topic models for this type of data; c) quantifying topic prominence for a period and thus a generalization of document-wise topic assignment to a discourse level; and d) a discussion of the role of humanistic interpretation with regard to analysing discourse dynamics through topic models.
“Memes” as a Cultural Software in the Context of the (Fake) Wall between the US and Mexico
Authors: Camps Martín
Published: October 2024

Memes function as “digital graffiti” in the streets of social media, a cultural electronic product that satirizes those in power. The success of a meme is measured by “going viral” and reproduced like a germ. I am interested in analyzing these eckphrastic texts in the context of the construction of the wall between the US and Mexico. I examine popular memes in Mexico and in the US from both sides of the political spectrum typing “border meme” in a Google search and by analyzing their trends in the same search engine. I believe these “political haikus” work as an escape valve to the tensions generated in the cultural wars that consume American politics. The border is an “open wound” (as Mexican writer Carlos Fuentes said) that was opened after the War of 1847 that resulted in Mexico losing half of its territory. Now the wall functions as a political membrane to keep out the “expelled citizens” of the Global South from the economic benefits of the North. Memes help to expunge the gravity of a two-thousand-mile concrete wall in a region that shares cultural traits, languages, and an environment that cannot be domesticated with monuments to hatred. Memes are rhetorical devices that convey the absurdity of a situation, as in the example below of a border wall with an enormous “piñata” that infantilizes the State-funded project of a fence. The meme’s iconoclastography set in motion a discussion of the real issues at hand, global economic disparities and the human right to migrate on this small planet of ours.
Co-Loan Analysis of Finnish Public Library Loan Data
Authors: Nurmi Olli , Launis Kati , Sevänen Erkki
Published: October 2024

This paper analyses public library loan data of the two most popular book genres, novels and crime fiction, to illustrate the cultural and social literacy prevailing in Finland. Using a social network analysis method we are able to identify and visualize distinct book clusters – rather than simply groups of books – providing a considerably more nuanced insight. Firstly, we generated book networks based on library customers’ loan transactions where books were associated with each other when they were co-loaned. We then applied a modularity maximization method to identify book clusters. The most influential books and authors were identified by examining their involvement in the network. The results show that the reading culture is no longer uniform but is fragmented into multiple smaller clusters. Additionally, the position of national classics, popular among Finnish readership some decades ago, has radically weakened. The results also show that the library users typically borrow multiple books in the same series. Through this study, we found that a social network analysis leads to a better interpretation of the library collection usage and overview of the reading culture. The presented approach benefits library users, librarians, and literary scholars.
Becoming a State Language
Authors: Kanner Antti , Tahko Tuuli , Marjanen Jani
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the development of Finnish into a standardized language of politics, science and culture in the nineteenth century. For contemporaries, this meant that Finnish could be regarded as a language that supported Finland as a state. We assumed that this expansion of the domains of use of written Finnish would have necessitated the development of more nuanced ways of expressing opinions and attitudes. We studied this by charting the overall frequency of modal expressions as well as the share of epistemic/evidential adverb types among modal adverbs. We found that the share of modal expressions increased in conjunction with the expansion of the Finnish-language press in the 1840s and again in the period after 1880. More importantly, we found that the amount of very frequently used epistemic/evidential adverb types increased in the mid-1800s, meaning that on average, Finnish newspaper writers had more means for nuanced expression in the latter half of the century.
Between Cows and Capitalism
Authors: Ros Ruben
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a method for estimating the abstractness of Dutch historical parliamentary speeches. The degree to which language is abstract or concrete has gained significant attention in the field of cognitive science and linguistics. The paper uses proposed computational approaches to abstractness in these fields to model and explore variation in historical parliamentary data in the context of a larger project on technocratic rhetoric. By first scoring individual terms based on the vector averaging of an annotated set of abstract and concrete terms the abstractness of speech paragraphs is estimated. The paper shows that this information captures differences in rhetorical style that remain difficult to identify with established text mining methods. Abstractness sheds light not only on what is said in parliament, but how it is said, hereby bridging semantic and stylistic analysis in digital history.
Using Topic Generation Model to explore the French Parliamentary Debates during the early Third Republic (1881-1899)
Authors: Bourgeois Nicolas , Pellet Aurélien , Puren Marie
Published: October 2024

In this long paper, we use NLP techniques to explore two decades (1881-1899) of parliamentary debates of the French Third Republic (1870-1940), and more specifically to analyse the importance of the army in the political debate. We use Latent Dirichlet Allocation to partition the vocabulary into topics, and then study the distribution of the topic “army” over time. We also examine its connection with other topics, in relation to the main political and military events of the period.
Finnish Parliament on the Semantic Web
Authors: Hyvönen Eero , Leskinen Petri , Sinikallio Laura , La Mela Matti , Tuominen Jouni , Elo Kimmo , Drobac Senka , Koho Mikko , Ikkala Esko , Tamper Minna , Leal Rafael , Kesäniemi Joonas
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces the system ParliamentSampo – Parliament of Finland on the Semantic Web, a Linked Open Data (LOD) service, data infrastructure, and semantic portal for studying Finnish political culture, language, and networks of the Members of Parliament (MP). The article presents the vision behind the system, the LOD service, and explores the possibilities to utilize it in research and application development. A knowledge graph of linked data has been created based on ca. 962 000 speeches in all plenary sessions of the Parliament of Finland in 1907—2021; the data is also available in XML format, utilizing the new international Parla-CLARIN format. For the first time, the entire time series of the Finnish parliamentary speeches has been converted into data and a data service in a unified format. In addition, the speeches have been interlinked with another knowledge graph created from the database of the MPs and enriched from other data sources into a broader ontology-based data service. The paper shows how the LOD service SPARQL endpoint can be used to research parliamentary culture, the use of political language, and networks of politicians through data analysis. The service endpoint can also be used to develop applications for different user groups without programming skills, such as the ParliamentSampo semantic portal introduced in the paper, too. This application aims to make political decision making more transparent to the general public, media, politicians, and other end users.
Qualitative Comparison of Native and Machine-Translated Parliamentary Debates
Authors: Pretnar Žagar Ajda
Published: October 2024

Machine translation (MT) models have become increasingly accurate and widely accessible for multiple languages in recent years. They can potentially lift the barriers to applying NLP tools and methods to previously unsupported languages and boost comparative cross-lingual research in digital humanities. This study empirically contrasts results obtained with source and target Slovenian ParlaMint corpus of parliamentary debates on topic modelling. It qualitatively compares three steps in topic interpretation: topic description, topic significance in subcorpora, and marginal topic distribution. The results indicate that the topic modelling on the target corpus only partially replicates the topic modelling on the source corpus, but the overlap is sufficient to provide a starting point for the cross-country comparison.
Digital Humanities in Action
Authors: Berglund Karl , La Mela Matti , Zwart Inge
Published: October 2024

The 6th Digital Humanities in the Baltic and Nordic Countries Conference was organised as a hybrid conference in Uppsala on March 15-18, 2022. This introduction presents the scientific programme, conference participation, and the experience of organising an hybrid DHNB conference. The conference theme ”Digital humanities in action” was selected to highlight the effects of digital humanities outside the confines of academia, and to encourage the participants to rethink how the scholarly practices in digital humanities interact with society at large. These proceedings cover the key thematic areas discussed at the conference, and include the paper presentations that were submitted as full versions to the conference proceedings.
Mining Emotions from the Finnish War Letter Collection, 1939– 1944
Authors: Turunen Risto , Taskinen Ilari , Uusitalo Lauri , Kivimäki Ville
Published: October 2024

Our paper analyses emotional language used by Finnish soldiers and civilians in their private communication during World War II. The dataset consists of 7,000 handwritten letters converted into a machine-readable corpus with rich metadata. The dataset offers a unique opportunity to make a statistical analysis of people’s emotional responses to the war. We engage in key questions of the cultural history of war, such as the connection between soldiers’ emotional language and violence: did soldiers’ emotional language become more laconic in the course of the war? While computational approaches to mining emotions have been common in fields like computer science and linguistics, they have not gained wider popularity in historical research. Pioneering attempts have been based on individual emotion words carefully chosen by an historian, or on readily available, more generic emotion lexicons. Compared to machine-learning solutions, lexicon-based approaches require less computational effort and are more transparent to interpret. Our methodology combines the ready-made word list FEIL with contextual knowledge of historians. FEIL gives around 7,000 Finnish words an emotion category and intensity ratings. First, the emotion lexicon was filtered based on high intensity. Then the domain expert manually removed words not particularly emotionally intensive in the context of war letters. The expert also annotated the list of the most frequent words in the war letter collection and handpicked emotionally intensive words not included in FEIL. Our final list covered 298 emotion words. We quantified changes in their use over time. In contrast to earlier research, our analysis indicates that soldiers’ and civilians’ emotionality did not significantly differ during World War II. Soldiers’ use of emotion words saw a decline in the last stages of the war, but overall their letters were almost as emotional as the civilians’ letters. We did indeed identify some changes in the individual emotion words used by the soldiers in their letters: patriotic words in particular decreased in the course of the war. In addition to empirical findings, our paper sheds light on the problem of universal emotion lexicons in historical research: linguistic, cultural and temporal differences between present-day lexicons and historical datasets can lead to biased interpretations. Thus, our paper contributes not only to the history of emotions but also to emotion mining, which is historically sensitive.
Unifying or Divisive Threats?
Authors: Öhberg Patrik , Brodén Daniel , Fridlund Mats , Wåhlstrand Skärström Victor , P. Ängsal Magnus
Published: October 2024

This paper contributes to the history of political terrorism through a data-driven study of the worry about the threat of terrorism and political extremism among the Swedish public and in the Parliament, 1986–2020. The aim is to explore the intersection of public opinion as expressed in national survey data and data on political action in the form of motions by Members of the Parliament (MPs), focusing on trends over time and the significance of political sympathies. Our study points to the impact of the attacks in the USA in 2001 and the wave of Islamist terror attacks from 2014 and onwards on both the public’s anxiety and the MP’s activity. It also shows the significance of political sympathies in this context with both citizens and MPs on the right being more worried about terrorism than those on the left, whereas the pattern is repeated in reverse when it comes to worry about political extremism. Through the investigation we highlight the benefits of combining parliamentary data and survey data as well as the importance of the parliamentary context, in exploring the relationship between public opinion and MPs activity on terrorism. An underlying argument is that the analysis of parliamentary data should be grounded in the context of the institutional and historical framework of the political system.
Protecting the Researcher in Digital Contexts
Authors: Cocq Coppélie , Liliequist Evelina , Okonski Lacey
Published: October 2024

In recent years, a growing need for protecting researchers has become necessary as online risks such as death threats and “doxing” are more frequent risks in relation to an increased digital landscape of anti-gender, far right extremists, and anti-science movements. This paper suggests resources and strategies for preventing threats and protecting researchers. By improving safety and support, entities such as universities, departments, and research groups can avoid the negative impact of online harassment on researchers’ reputation and health, on academic research and for democracy.
Quotation and Narration in Contemporary Popular Fiction in Swedish
Authors: Dahllöf Mats
Published: October 2024

A fundamental feature of many genres of fiction is the alternation between a narrative frame (NF) and quoted inset (QI) dialogue. Both formal and representational features distinguish NF and QI segments. This paper is an explorative study on the stylistic differentiation between frame and inset material in recent commercially successful fiction in Swedish. There are mainly two orthographic options as regards this distinction: Explicitly enclosing inset segments within quotation marks is one. Using an initial dash to indicate utterance display is another, in which case frame and inset material typically alternate in a way not made explicit by the orthography. The corpus behind the present study comprised 450 novels. In order to deal with dash orthography data (135 books), we trained a multilayer perceptron classifier to tell NF and QI segments apart. We relied on the fact that native quotation mark text can be converted to annotated dash orthography data, which can then be used for supervised training and validation. A small-scale manual evaluation on the texts we aim to analyze, yielded an accuracy score around 95%. In order to explore the stylometric relations between NF and QI components in the novels, we looked at a selection of basic grammatical features. A characterization of each feature was made by means of recording the fraction of works in which the relative frequency of the feature is higher in QI than in NF. This summarizes how authors tend to “use” that feature to create a contrast between NF and QI. Another way to examine how the NF and QI styles are related is to apply a correlation test. We then saw, for instance, that QI material in 100% of the books are denser in auxiliary verbs, second person pronouns, and interjections, while NF segments in all or almost all cases are denser in nouns, adjectives, third person pronouns, and prepositions. We could also observe that e.g. noun density in NF and QI correlate in a strong way. The same holds for adverbs and cardinal numerals. This suggests that books and authors exhibit stylistic tendencies which affect both narrator and the characters, as far as the kind of fiction we have studied go.
Exploring Trust and Mistrust Relating to the MMR Vaccine in Danish Newspapers Using Computational Analysis and Framing Analysis
Authors: Fage-Butler Antoinette , Hvidtfelt Nielsen Kristian , Ledderer Loni , Tørring Marie Louise , Laigaard Nielbo Kristoffer
Published: October 2024

The aim of this paper is to investigate how the MMR vaccine debate was framed as a matter of public trust or mistrust on Danish newspaper media. Our results, based on computational analysis of the information dynamics of 231 newspaper articles from 2001 to 2019 and subsequent qualitative framing analysis, provide additional information about MMR vaccination coverage in the three major Danish national newspapers, Politiken, Berlingske and Ekstrabladet. We used a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model to train article-level dense low-dimensional representations and explored the information dynamics using Nielbo et al.’s [1, 2] approach to change detection in news-based information signals. In addition, we used Entman [3] to identify and analyse frames that related to trust and mistrust of MMR vaccination. We found that the Danish MMR debate followed patterns of novelty and resonance that typify the expected dynamics of news reporting by legacy news media when news is not catastrophic or shocking [2]. Supporting this finding, the framing analysis showed that the three newspapers promoted vaccines as safe and valuable for society throughout the period. Drawing on interdisciplinary perspectives from cultural studies, science studies, public health, computational humanities and media studies, this study presents a methodologically innovative approach to studying historical and near-real time framing of (mis)trust of vaccination in newspaper articles. Recent debates about the safety of Covid-19 vaccines underline the importance of quantifying and qualifying vaccine discourses and paying attention to legacy media’s overall agenda-setting role.
Netnography
Authors: Hanell Fredrik , Jonsson Severson Pernilla
Published: October 2024

As part of a transnational project focused on creating Open Education Resources (OERs) on selected digital methods, the authors are currently developing an OER on netnography. Designing this OER, we have identified two pertinent methodological issues of netnography that have been debated during recent years: the need to shift focus from “community” to “consociality” and the issue of active versus passive approaches. Using these two methodological issues as a starting point, this paper outlines our understanding of netnography. It provides examples of consequences for how netnography can be taught and practiced in action. Two cases with practical assignments are discussed in relation to the methodological considerations together with insights for teaching and netnographic practice. In the first case, students are invited to investigate a digital community of their own choosing that they know well. The second case introduces students to an accessible online tool suitable for learning about fundamentals of Social Network Analysis (SNA) for studying consociality using data from Twitter.
Language Identification as part of the Text Corpus Creation Pipeline at the Language Bank of Finland
Authors: Jauhiainen Tommi , Piitulainen Jussi , Axelson Erik , Lindén Krister
Published: October 2024

The Language Bank of Finland hosts text corpora originating from Finland. Two of the most used ones are the Newspaper and Periodical Corpus of the National Library of Finland and the Suomi24 Corpus. The Language Bank has received considerable additions to both corpora and is currently creating new versions of the corpora. We are debuting language identification as part of the corpus creation pipeline. As a language identifier, we are using our recently published HeLI-OTS software. This paper investigates the results and the quality of language identification. We created a new dataset for evaluating the efficacy of language identification by extracting random samples from both corpora and manually annotating their language. We were especially interested in seeing how the relatively low OCR quality of the oldest part of the KLK-fi collection will affect language identification when using an off-the-shelf program like HeLI-OTS. The oldest part of the KLK-fi collection and many parts of the Suomi24 corpus contain Finnish written dialectally or otherwise differing from the standard written Finnish. HeLI-OTS software includes several separate language models for dialectal Finnish, and in this article, we evaluate their usefulness using the new data set. For both corpora, the overall micro F1 scores increase when using the additional dialectal models. Additionally, we take a detailed look at some language identification errors and discuss possible solutions.
Describing Inflectional Patterns of Nouns in Old Icelandic
Authors: Johannsson Ellert Thor , Ingimundarson Finnur Ágúst
Published: October 2024

The Database of Old Icelandic Inflections (DOII) is a project at The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies (SÁM) at the University of Iceland with the goal to describe the inflectional patterns of Old Icelandic. DOII uses the same structure as the Database of Icelandic Morphology (DIM), which is an already developed digital resource. The linguistic data comes from A Dictionary of Old Norse Prose (ONP), a historical dictionary of the medieval language of Iceland and Norway. The first phase of the project focuses on simplex nouns. ONP lists over 2,400 simplex nouns with more than 10 citations, which give a broad representation of the noun system and can be processed in the DOII as an initial step to describe the inflectional patterns of Old Icelandic.
Recognising Intertextuality in the Digital Corpus of Finnic Oral Poetry
Authors: Kallio Kati , Janicki Maciej , Mäkelä Eetu , Sarv Mari
Published: October 2024

While digital corpora have enabled new perspectives into the variation and continuums of human communication, they often pose problems related to implicit biases of the data and the limited reach of current methods in recognising similarity in linguistically complex data, especially in small languages. The digital corpus of historical Finnic oral poetry in alliterative tetrametre is characterised by significant poetic, linguistic and orthographic variation. At the extreme, a word may be written in hundreds of different ways. The current corpus comprises 189,189 poetic texts in six Finnic languages (Karelian, Ingrian, Votic, Estonian, Seto and Finnish) recorded in 1564–1957 by 5,287 recorders. It has a long curation history and significant bias towards some genres, poetic forms and regions that collectors have preferred. In this poetic tradition, an idea is typically expressed with several parallel, partly alternative poetic lines or motifs, and similar verse types may be used in different contexts. A manual attempt to find all the occurrences of widely used expressions or motifs in the corpus is an unattainable task. While the digital tools—starting from simple queries to more advanced methods—make it possible to aim at wider intertextual analyses, some part of relevant material is typically not reached. Thus, it becomes central to estimate the amount and quality of the relevant data that is not recognised with different methods. Here, we discuss two strategies for mapping intertextuality in the corpus: 1) proceeding with text queries and 2) recognising similar poetic lines computationally, based on string similarity. We compare these approaches with one another, and then proceed to compare theresults they yield with the existing type index and the results of manual early 20th-century research. While the methodological and theoretical foundations of this type of research no longer hold, and while our further interest lies in the intertextuality and variation rather than in the problematic concept of poem types, parts of earlier analyses may be used in evaluating the performance of digital approaches.
Automatic Detection of Dates in the Corpus of Diaries
Authors: Matulis Haralds , Reinsone Sanita , Ļaksa-Timinska Ilze
Published: October 2024

This paper deals with the automatic detection of dates in a corpus of digitized, hand-written diaries in Latvian. Date detection is an important step in processing diaries’ corpus, as it allows to split the source texts by dates of entries and carry out diachronic analysis for separate diaries and compare metrics across different authors. This paper describes the workflow of data processing, provides step by step implementation of date detection algorithm, and gives an evaluation of empirical results with discussions of encountered practical challenges for precise date detection in personal diaries.
Transcription as a Tool for Deep Reading and Teaching of Folklore
Authors: Pērle-Sīle Ginta , Reinsone Sanita
Published: October 2024

The paper outlines initial experience of using transcription as a tool to promote deep reading and understanding of cultural heritage. The experience is a side activity of a project, which aims to improve the database of Latvian folk songs. Use of transcription appeared beneficial not only in terms of elaborating a data base, but also for stimulating deep reading and comprehension of folk songs. The analysis of experiences shows the benefits and challenges of using transcription as a tool for working with students in humanities and arts.
The Case for Scholarly Editions
Authors: Greve Rasmussen Krista Stinne , Steen Ravn Kim , Tafdrup Jon , Frøkjær Baunvig Katrine
Published: October 2024

This article wish to make a case for scholarly digital editions (SDE’s). SDE’s can help to put the computational humanities into the center of humanistic scholarship. Large scaled projects pave the way for easy access to historical documents, but small, curated digital editions, strenuously enriched by philologists, will be the key player in the process of integrating computational humanities into traditional scholarship; first and foremost because this material is clean, reliable, and flexible, secondly, thorough markup leaves it open to comprehensive, fine-grained, hermeneutically complex explorations.
DHN2018 — an Analysis of a Digital Humanities Conference
Authors: Mäkelä Eetu , Tolonen Mikko
Published: October 2024

This article examines both the choices made, as well as the data gathered during the construction of the programme for the DHN2018 conference. Through this, we shed light on 1) the general directions of DH in the Nordic countries, 2) which DH traditions are particularly well represented here and 3) the pain points and surprising interactions identified during the programme-curation process. We base our recommendations to the organisers of future conferences on this analysis.
A strategic IT policy implementation model for enhancing customer satisfaction in digital markets
Authors: Chukwunweike Mokogwu  , Godwin Ozoemenam Achumie  , Adams Gbolahan Adeleke  , Ifeanyi Chukwunonso Okeke  , Chikezie Paul-Mikki Ewim
Published: October 2024

In the increasingly competitive landscape of digital markets, customer satisfaction is paramount for sustained business success. This paper proposes a Strategic IT Policy Implementation Model aimed at enhancing customer satisfaction by aligning IT policy development with customer-centric strategies. The model serves as a framework that integrates technological advancements with customer expectations, ensuring that IT policies effectively support business objectives and improve operational reliability. The proposed model emphasizes a holistic approach to IT policy formulation, incorporating stakeholder input, market analysis, and performance metrics. It identifies key areas where IT policies can directly influence customer experiences, including data management, service delivery, and communication channels. By focusing on these elements, organizations can develop IT policies that not only comply with regulatory standards but also enhance user engagement and satisfaction. Central to the model is the concept of continuous feedback loops, which facilitate the ongoing evaluation and refinement of IT policies based on customer insights. This adaptive mechanism enables businesses to remain responsive to changing customer needs and technological advancements, fostering a culture of innovation and customer-centricity. Moreover, the model advocates for cross-departmental collaboration, ensuring that IT policies are harmonized with marketing, sales, and customer service strategies. Implementation of the model is illustrated through case studies of leading technology firms that have successfully aligned their IT policies with customer-centric approaches. These examples highlight the tangible benefits of improved customer satisfaction, increased loyalty, and enhanced operational reliability. Furthermore, the model addresses common challenges faced during implementation, such as resistance to change and resource constraints, offering practical solutions to overcome these obstacles. In conclusion, the Strategic IT Policy Implementation Model provides a structured approach for organizations aiming to enhance customer satisfaction in digital markets. By aligning IT policies with customer-centric strategies, businesses can achieve greater operational efficiency and foster long-term relationships with their customers.
Sejtmagi és mitokondriális genetikai markerek tesztelése hazai muflonokban (Ovis aries musimon)
Authors: Zorkóczy Orsolya Krisztina , Bujtor Zsófia , Wagenhoffer Zsombor , Lehotzky Pál , Zenke Petra
Published: October 2024

Az európai muflon (Ovis aries musimon) hazánkban csaknem 13 ezres állománnyal rendelkezik és jelentős vadgazdálkodási értéket képvisel. Mivel az itt élő muflonok genetikai vizsgálatáról nem áll rendelkezésre adat, a szerzők különböző, megbízhatóan tipizálható markertípus alkalmazhatóságának felmérését tűzték ki célul. A kutatáshoz 80 darab, a Cevidae családjából származó tetramer szerkezetű nukleáris mikroszatellita-markert teszteltek, ill. szekvenálták a mitokondriális kontrollrégiót. Tíz egyed vizsgálata alapján három polimorf mikroszatellita-lokuszt és egy haplotípust kaptak, amely alapján a vizsgált magyarországi állomány vélhetően kicsi genetikai diverzitással rendelkezik.
Influence of Artificial Intelligence on Methodologies and Processes for Engineering Software-Enabled Systems in Industry 4.0
Authors: Jahić Jasmin
Published: October 2024

Software currently presents is a corner stone of systems in Industry 4.0 (I4.0). To engineer software for these systems, engineers follow different methodologies and processes. These methodologies and processes aim to systemise production of highquality software systems and make it possible to reproduce success in software engineering projects. With the introduction of AI in software engineering, actions that engineers perform are changing. Consequently, challenges and responsibilities of developers change. It becomes valid to ask: how will processes and methodologies in software engineering change with the introduction of AI? That means, what will be the new challenges that software engineering methodologies and processes need to solve, and which current challenges will simply disappear or become irrelevant. To answer these questions, in this paper, we abstract and summarise actions and aims of processes and methodologies in software engineering. We make predictions of what is it that humans bring to the table when it comes to software engineering, where can AI assist humans, and where AI has potential to fully replace humans. We discuss these predictions in the context of quality properties of I4.0 systems (e.g., security, safety), which must be taken into account when engineering I4.0 software-enabled systems.
Psiquiatría en la Práctica Médica General Tomo 2
Authors: Lopez Caballero Andres Felipe
Published: October 2024

"Fundamentos de Psiquiatría Clínica" es una obra esencial para psiquiatras, residentes y otros profesionales de la salud mental. Publicado por Cuevas Editores, este libro ofrece una revisión exhaustiva y actualizada sobre los principios fundamentales de la psiquiatría clínica, abarcando aspectos diagnósticos, terapéuticos y de manejo de los trastornos mentales. Este volumen se distingue por su enfoque práctico y su sólida base en la evidencia científica más reciente.
Principios de Anestesiología Tomo 2
Authors: Albor Carrillo Andres Felipe , Suarez Simanca Moisés David , Gutiérrez Romero, Luis Ángel
Published: October 2024

En este segundo volumen, se abordan temas críticos que incluyen las técnicas avanzadas de anestesia regional y general, el manejo de situaciones complejas en quirófano, y la anestesia en poblaciones especiales, como pacientes pediátricos, geriátricos y aquellos con enfermedades subyacentes graves. También se revisan con detalle las complicaciones anestésicas más comunes y su manejo, así como las innovaciones tecnológicas en monitoreo y seguridad perioperatoria.
IMPACTOS DAS MEDIDAS PREVENTIVAS CONTRA COVID-19 NA POPULAÇÃO BRASILEIRA
Authors: Zanuzzi Tamara , Villela Edlaine Faria de Moura
Published: October 2024

O início do ano de 2020 foi marcado pela pandemia da COVID-19 entre humanos, abalando fortemente a saúde global das pessoas. Desde o princípio da pandemia, autoridades de saúde demonstraram o quanto a magnitude das incertezas e das consequências poderiam ser desastrosas no mundo todo. Investigar e descrever a percepção de relações interpessoais brasileiras durante a pandemia da COVID-19 diante de medidas preventivas contra a disseminação do vírus no país. Estudo epidemiológico transversal descritivo realizado por meio de um consórcio internacional de cientistas de diversos países. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário on-line, com questões sobre como a COVID-19 afeta a vida diária. Os indivíduos elegíveis precisavam ser adultos com 18 anos ou mais. O estudo foi realizado no período de fevereiro de 2020 a novembro de 2022. A maioria considerou que a situação de pandemia do país estava fora de controle ou totalmente fora de controle (48,4% e 37,3%, respectivamente). Sobre as preocupações com a COVID-19, cerca de 23% não têm lidado bem. Mais de três terços dos participantes apontaram bom controle do consumo de álcool, ao contrário de cerca de 9%, que não têm controlado bem. 32%, que relataram não aproveitar bem o tempo.  É notória a promoção de ações eficazes e políticas públicas eficientes no que diz respeito à orientação, prevenção e tratamento voltados para os agravos à saúde mental em situações de emergências sanitárias.
Analisis Profiling Dan Gaya Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri 2 Bojongsari
Authors: Azizah Laeli Nur , Irianto Sony
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri 2 Bojongsari masih rendahnya memahami profiling dan gaya belajarnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan profil peserta didik kelas V dan gaya belajar peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri 2 Bojongsari dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif studi kasus. Subyek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri 2 Bojongsari, Kecamatan Kembaran, sebanyak 15 peserta didik. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi profiling dan angket gaya belajar. Analisis data menggunakan analisis data kualitatif model Miles dan Huberman. Temuan dalam penelitian ini setiap indikator profiling peserta didik mendapatkan hasil yang menunjukkan perkembangan positif, peserta didik sudah baik mengenal profilingnya dan indikator gaya belajar peserta didik mendapatkan kecenderungan gaya belajar peserta didik kelas V adalah gaya belajar visual. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa peserta didik kelas V telah mengetahui profiling dengan baik, guru kelas menjalankan perannya untuk selalu memberikan bimbingan dan arahan agar karakteristik peserta didik kelas V berkembang baik. Gaya belajar peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri 2 Bojongsari menunjukkan bahwa gaya belajar visual mendapatkan presentase 95% dengan jumlah 12 peserta didik, gaya belajar auditori mendapatkan presentase 76% dengan jumlah 2 peserta didik, dan gaya belajar kinestik mendapatkan presentase 68% dengan jumlah 1 peserta didik.
The Effectiveness Of Wordwall Game As Media To Teach Students English Vocabulary Mastery Of Eighth Grade
Authors: Nurammida Nurammida , Nizarrahmadi Nizarrahmadi , Yolanda Alvina
Published: October 2024

This study evaluates the effectiveness of Wordwall Media as a game-based learning tool for teaching English vocabulary mastery to eighth-grade students at MTS Al Hadari An-Nawawi. Using a quantitative pre-experimental approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design, the research involved 30 female students. The results indicate a significant improvement in vocabulary mastery, with an average pretest score of 56.43 and a posttest score of 74.67. Statistical analysis revealed a T-Count value (-11.345) that was greater than the T-Table value (1.699), indicating a statistically significant difference. The null hypothesis (H0) was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted, demonstrating a significant difference following the intervention. In conclusion, the use of Wordwall Media as a game-based learning method produced positive results in English vocabulary mastery for students. This research supports the use of game technology as an innovative educational method that provides a more dynamic and interactive learning experience, motivating students to be more engaged in the learning process.
KEMAMPUAN MENYIMAK BERITA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA AUDIOVISUAL SISWA KELAS VII DI SMP NEGERI 1 ULUSUSUA
Authors: Mei Hati Ndruru
Published: October 2024

This research was motivated by a problem, namely the low ability to listen to the news of grade VII students, there are still students underestimating listening learning, subject teachers rarely use audiovisual media when listening learning. The purpose of this study is to describe the ability to listen to news using audiovisual media of grade VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Ulususua Learning Year 2022/2023. The population and sample of this study were all grade X students of SMK Negeri 1 Toma totaling 23 people. The result of this study is that all grade VII students Learning Year obtained an average score of 75.25 with the category of quite good in listening to news texts, thus in the ranks of aspects in listening to the news obtained low average scores such as in what aspect, whose aspect, which aspect, when aspect, why aspect, what aspect. The suggestion of this study is (a) Students should improve the habit of listening to the news, because this habit can be started by listening to the news, listening to a movie, or listening to news about events at school. (b) For Indonesian teachers: Teachers who teach Indonesian subjects are expected to provide knowledge about listening to news to students clearly and completely.
Evaluating Methods for Violence Classification and Firearm Detection in Indoor CCTV Environment
Authors: Da Silva Arnaldo V. Barros , Pereira Luis F. Alves
Published: October 2024

The adoption of security systems based on computer vision for violence detection has the potential to significantly improve safety in various public and private properties. However, developing these systems can be extremely challenging.We can choose to use classification models to identify violence in images or also use object detection models to identify firearms, which may indicate robbery. Additionally, when developing such systems focused on private environments, we encounter specific challenges, such as obtaining appropriate datasets to train the algorithms. Many publicly available datasets for violence detection consist of outdoor images, with elements such as streets and cars, which do not adequately reflect the nuances and unique characteristics of private properties. In this work, we evaluate both learned and handcrafted features to classify videos as 'violence' or 'non-violence' across a variety of datasets, including a new dataset composed exclusively of closed-circuit television (CCTV) images. Additionally, we propose a new dataset for firearm detection in CCTV images and conduct some experiments using YoloV8. In this way, we hope to provide a clearer insight into the possible decisions when developing a security system for indoor environments.
Next-generation drilling fluids for horizontal and multilateral wells: A conceptual approach
Authors: Kingsley Onyedikachi Omomo  , Andrew Emuobosa Esiri  , Henry Chukwuemeka Olisakwe
Published: October 2024

The development of next-generation drilling fluids is crucial for the success of horizontal and multilateral wells, which pose unique challenges such as torque and drag, hole cleaning difficulties, and wellbore instability. This review explores the evolving role of drilling fluids, focusing on the desired properties required to address these challenges, including enhanced cuttings transport, reduced torque and drag, and improved wellbore stability. Furthermore, the paper discusses innovative additives, such as nanoparticles, high-performance polymers, and biodegradable lubricants, which are key to optimizing fluid performance. Environmental considerations and the chemical and mechanical interactions between fluid components are also analyzed. Finally, the paper examines future trends in drilling technology, highlighting the expected benefits of next-generation fluids and identifying potential challenges for future research and development. These advanced fluids are positioned to revolutionize drilling efficiency while maintaining sustainability in increasingly complex drilling environments.
Extremism and hate crime
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Romanowski Hannah , Low Natalie
Published: October 2024

Extremism poses a threat to society. It is unclear how ongoing geopolitical and societal change will affect extremism in the UK.
Elections and their reform
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Kolpinskaya Ekaterina , Bennett Oliver
Published: October 2024

British elections are thought to be fair and have integrity. However, some stakeholders indicate there are ways in which the electoral system and administration of elections could be improved and are calling for reform.
Healthy ageing and care for older populations
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Stevenson Emma , Mutebi Natasha
Published: October 2024

The UK has an ageing population increasingly living with multiple health conditions. Research shows there may be challenges to supporting healthy ageing and improving quality of life for older populations, as current health and social care services are under increasing pressures.
Prisons capacity and performance
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Downs Will , Low Natalie
Published: October 2024

What can be done to address overcrowding and create a more rehabilitative environment in prisons in England and Wales?
La zone à défendre de la théorie littéraire
Authors: Delusier Alex
Published: October 2024

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Florent Coste, L’Ordinaire de la littérature. Que peut (encore) la théorie littéraire ?, Paris, La Fabrique, 2024, 192 p., EAN 9782358722759.
À la conquête de nouveaux territoires
Authors: Feller Sophie
Published: October 2024

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Ivan Jablonka, Le Troisième continent ou la littérature du réel, Paris : Seuil, coll. « Traverse », 2024, 400 p. EAN 978202137365.
De la poésie dans la prose : « un espace de transcendance dans l’in-signifiance du réel »
Authors: Huynh Kathia
Published: October 2024

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Céline Duverne, Poètes, poésie et poéticité dans l’œuvre d’Honoré de Balzac, Genève, Droz, 2024, 448 p., EAN 9782600065122.
Pour une archéologie de la critique littéraire
Authors: Perrier Zoé
Published: October 2024

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Samuel Baudry, D’où vient la critique littéraire ?, Lyon, Presses Universitaires de Lyon, coll. « Lignes de partage », 2023, 214 p., EAN 9782729714116.
Understanding Metformin Response Variability: Genetic Variations Influencing Metformin Response in Middle Eastern Populations with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Alharbi Amani E.
Published: October 2024

The efficacy of Metformin in managing type 2 diabetes varies widely due to genetic diversity, influencing pharmacogenomic responses. Recent studies, employing Genome-wide association research (GWAS), have identified genetic variants associated with Metformin response, revealing pathways like AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK) and Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) involved in its mechanisms of action. Genetic variations in transporter genes like OCT1 and MATE2 affect Metformin absorption and glucose regulation. Collaboration through multicohort meta-analyses validates these findings, considering ethnicity and environmental influences. Despite these advancements, research on genetic determinants of Metformin response in Middle Eastern populations is limited. Studies from Lebanon, Egypt, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia highlight associations between genetic variations and Metformin response in type 2 diabetes. The Inclusion of diverse populations in genomic databases like the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) and tools like the Ensembl genome browser enhances understanding of genetic diversity for personalized medicine. Greater inclusivity in genetic studies is crucial to improve research generalizability and advance personalized medicine in diverse populations, addressing disparities in genomic research representation. This underscores the need for a multifaceted approach to personalized diabetes management, integrating pharmacogenomic insights from diverse populations.
Needs assessment for artificial intelligence, digital transformation and open data for Small Island Developing States
Authors:   UNESCO, Neupane Bhanu
Published: October 2024

The survey highlights significant disparities in AI and data readiness among Small Island Developing States (SIDS). The progress and uptake are uneven. Key findings reveal gaps in public awareness, media coverage, and government engagement, with uneven emphasis on benefits from the new technologies. Notably, 50% of SIDS lack official AI initiatives, and 43% have no data governance framework. To address these issues, the survey concludes that SIDS must strengthen data ecosystems, enhance capacities, and rethink openness and data accessibility. International organizations like UNESCO can play a major role in guiding policy development, building partnerships, and promoting ethical practices in for data governance and AI in SIDS.