bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analisys Of The Heating Value Of Briquettes Made From A Mixture Of Rice Husk and Tea Dregs using Tapioca Adhesive
Authors: Irawan Hendra , Nurdin Hendri , Ambyar Ambyar , Nabawi Rahmat Azis
Published: September 2020

Increased energy consumption and lack of public knowledge to utilize rice husks and tea pulp as the most untapped briquette. The purpose of this research is to obtain a Calor value produced by rice husk briquette and tea pulp to be used as a briquette as an alternative fuel.. The results of the heat value test conducted using the Bomb calorimeter test tool showed optimum heat value in the variation of the 80% rice husk mixture and tea pulp and 20% tapioca adhesive, the value of the resulting heat of 11,638,112 kj/kg. This shows that the rice husk briquette and tea pulp with a mixture of comparison of 80% mixture of raw materials with 20% tapioca as higher glues produce a Calor value than 3 other variations. Based on the process that has been done shows that rice husk and tea pulp are potentially an alternative fuel.briquette and testing showed that rice husk and tea pulp could be potentially alternative fuel

Konsumsi energi yang semakin meningkat dan kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan sekam padi dan ampas teh sebagai briket yang belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan nilai kalor yang dihasilkan briket sekam padi dan ampas teh untuk dijadikan briket sebagai bahan bakar alternatif.. Hasil pengujian nilai kalor yang dilakukan mengunakan alat bomb calorimeter test menunjukan nilai kalor yang optimum pada variasi 80% campuran sekam padi dan ampas teh dan 20% perekat tapioka, nilai kalor yang dihasilkan sebesar 11638.112 kj/kg. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa briket sekam padi dan ampas teh dengan perbandingan campuran 80% campuran bahan baku dengan 20% tapioka sebagai perekatnya lebih tinggi menghasilkan nilai kalor dari 3 variasi lainnya. Berdasarkan proses yang telah dilakukan menunjukan bahwa sekam padi dan ampas teh berpotensi sebagai bahan bakar alternatif.
Thermal Analysis of Solar Protection on Windows in Tropical Areas
Authors: Azherda Fadhilla , Lapisa Remon , Waskito Waskito , Hasanuddin Hasanuddin
Published: September 2020

Thermal comfort is one element of comfort that is very important, because it concerns the condition of the room temperature. Where the cool temperature in the room is a condition of thermal comfort of a building, besides indoor lighting also affects the comfort of the room. The building window is one of the factors that affects the thermal comfort of the building, therefore, it is necessary to find the solution for the heat absorption that occurs through the glass window not directly into the building. This research aims to analyze the solar protection on the windows of the building on the teropical climate, in the windows of paired Building solar protection (Solar Shading) that can be variated tilt angle. which uses a variation of tilt angles of 0 ° (-), 45 ° (/), and 90 ° (|) with the aim of obtaining indoor thermal comfort as well as indoor lighting.

Kenyamanan termal merupakan salah satu unsur kenyamanan yang sangat penting, karena menyangkut kondisi suhu ruangan. Dimana temperature dalam ruangan yang sejuk adalah syarat kenyamanan termal suatu bangunan, selain itu pencahayaan dalam ruangan juga mempengaruhi kenyamana dalam ruangan. Jendela bangunan merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kenyamanan termal pada bangunan, Oleh karena itu perlu dicarikan solusi agar penyerapan panas yang terjadi melalui jendela kaca tidak lansung masuk kedalam bangunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proteksi surya pada jendela bangunan pada iklim teropis, pada jendela bangunan dipasangkan proteksi surya (Solar Shading) yang dapat divariasikan sudut kemiringan. dimana menggunakan variasi sudut kemiringan 0˚(-), 45˚(/), dan 90˚(|) dengan tujuan mendapatkan kenyamanan termal dalam ruangan dan juga pencahayaan dalam ruangan.
Effect of Cutting Condition on the Surface Roughness Level of ST 42 Steel in Conventional Lathe Processes
Authors: Hamdani Doni , Irzal Irzal , Helmi Nofri , Rifelino Rifelino
Published: September 2020

Cutting conditions carried out in the turning or manufacturing process will have an impact on the quality of the components produced. One indicator of the quality of turning or manufacturing is surface roughness on the object. The purpose of this research is to determine the ratio of the level of surface roughness of ST 42 steel after conventional turning with different cutting conditions by varying the main cutting angle and cutting depth and its effect on the rate of wasted material (MRR). The main cutting angles used in this study were Kr 90, 80, 70 and variations in cutting depth of 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm. From the data obtained in this research process using several variations of cutting conditions that produce a good average roughness value is Kr 80, a = 0.5 mm, MRR = 0, 89 cm3 / min, with a roughness value of 1.89 µm . Based on the data obtained it can be concluded that the greater the depth of cutting, the higher the rate of wasted material (MRR) and the higher the level of surface roughness and vice versa.

Kondisi pemotongan yang dilakukan pada proses pembubutan atau manufaktur akan berdampak terhadap kualitas komponen yang diproduksi. Salah satu indikator dari kualitas hasil pembubutan atau manufaktur adalah kekasaran permukaan pada benda tersebut.  Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan perbandingan tingakat kekasaran permukaan baja ST 42 pasca pembubutan konvensional dengan kondisi pemotongan yang berbeda dengan memvariasikan sudut potong utama dan kedalaman pemotongan serta pengaruhnya terhadap laju bahan bahan terbuang (MRR).  Sudut potong utama yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Kr 90, 80, 70 serta variasi kedalaman pemotongan 0,5 mm, 1 mm, 1,5 mm. Dari data yang diperoleh pada proses penelitian ini dengan menggunakan beberapa variasi kondisi pemotongan yang menghasilkan nilai rata-rata kekasaran yang baik adalah Kr 80, a = 0,5 mm, MRR = 0, 89 cm3/mnt, dengan nilai kekasarannya 1,89 µm. Berdasarkan data yang didapat maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin besar kedalaman pemotongan maka semakin tinggi laju bahan terbuang (MRR) dan semakin tinggi tingkat kekasaran permukaan maupun sebaliknya.
Diagnostic Difficulties in a Case of Persistent Cloaca with Hydrocolpos
Authors: Şahinoğlu Zeki , Celayir Ayşenur Cerrah , Asoglu Mehmet Reşit , Özcan Nahit
Published: September 2020

Pelvic midline cystic mass associated with renal malformation represents typical imaging features of a cloacal anomaly. We report a case of persistent cloaca that was diagnosed antenatally with fetal ultrasonography and MRI.
Прогнозирование уровня информационной безопасности в предприятии
Authors: Khashimova Dinara Abdinabievna
Published: September 2020

В данной работе оценен потенциал машинного обучения для обнаружения вторжений на уровне приложений, с использованием параметров DDoS-атаки,  Атаки межсайтового скриптинга (XSS) и SQL-инъекций. Результат, отражающий этот вопрос, будет представлен в виде набора классификаторов, способных идентифицировать вредоносные полезные данные, и какие функции дадут хорошие показатели результата для принятия решения, является ли ввод вредоносным или безвредным.
Organization of extracurricular work in mathematics
Authors: Yessirkepova Ardak , Yessenbolkyzy Akerke
Published: September 2020

The article explains the technology for organizing extracurricular activities with students in mathematics and the methodology for their implementation, the general characteristics and benefits of different types of extracurricular activities in developing skills in students.    The purpose of modern education, in accordance with the state educational standard, is to educate a competent graduate, i.e. in creating the conditions for the optimal development of abilities for further self-education and improvement. Achieving this goal is possible when mastering special techniques of educational activity, the basis of which is cognitive activity. In this regard, we need such an organization of training in which children are actively involved in work. Much depends on the teacher: how he organizes the work, and what forms, including non-class work, he offers to children.
Мектеп оқушыларының сыни тұрғыдан ойлау қабілеттерін дамыту
Authors: Zaitzhanova Arailym
Published: September 2020

Сыни тұрғыдан ойлау - бұл ХХІ ғасырдағы шығармашылық ойлау (креативті ойлау), қарым-қатынас және топта жұмыс жасау дағдылары сияқты өте маңызды дағды. Бұл дағдылар ХХІ ғасырдағы өмір мен қоршаған ортадағы  анағұрлым күрделі жағдайларға дайын оқушылардың ажырамас бөлігі болып табылады.  Сыни тұрғыдан ойлау - бұл математикадан есеп шығара алатын оқушыларды және шынымен түсініп есеп шығара алатын оқушылардан ажыратуға болатын негізгі фактор деуге болады.Осы мақалада оқушылардың жалпы оқу және оның ішінде математиканы оқу барысында оларда сыни көзқарастың төмен болу себептері нақтыланған. Математикада сыни ойлау дағдыларын дамытуға күш салу бүкіл әлемде математикалық білім берудің оқу бағдарламасының негізгі күн тәртібіне айналды.Оқушылардың жалпы оқуға және оның ішінде математика оқу барысында оларда сыни көзқарас қалыптастыру үшін  қандай әдістер қолдану керектігіне мысалдар келтірілген. Себебі көптеген зерттеушілер сыни ойлау қабілеттерін дамыту математикалық көрсеткіштерді жақсарта алатындығын дәлелдеген.Сыни тұрғыдан ойлау қабілеттерін дамыту оқу бағдарламаларында қолданысы  оқушылардың математика пәнінен үлгерімін жақсартуына үлкен үлесін қосады.
PENDEKATAN PENDIDIKAN SPIRITUAL UNTUK MENANGGULANGI KENAKALAN REMAJA
Authors: Fauzi Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Adolescence is a period of transition. At that time, there was a process leading to intellectual, spiritual and physical maturation in order to form a clear identity when facing doubts who their realities, resulting in emotional turmoil and mental stress. So to know the prevention of promiscuity in adolescence needs to be studied approaches to the development of their spiritual intelligence. The results of the study show that ways to deal with promiscuity are pursued by providing assistance to adolescents to formulate their life goals, short-term, medium-term life goals to long-term life goals, tell exemplary stories, interesting and memorable stories, such as the stories of the prophets, or another hero, discussing issues with a spiritual perspective, involving youth in religious rituals, bringing youth to people who suffer, and visiting the procession of death will make teens sensitive to each other so as to encourage youth to do good for others, teach the Qur'an and explain their meaning in their life.
ANTARA KETELADANAN DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR; PENGARUH DARI KOMPETENSI KEPRIBADIAN GURU DI MTS AZIDDIN MEDAN
Authors: Hasan Khairuddin
Published: September 2020

Teachers are required to have four competencies in carrying out education. The four competencies are closely related to the quality of education. This study highlights one of four competencies, namely personality competence. The purpose of this study is to see how much influence the teacher's personal competence on student motivation. This type of research is an associative research with a quantitative approach. This study uses simple regression analysis to see the effect of variable (X) on variable (Y). The results showed that the influence of teacher personality competencies on student motivation. Although the effect is not strong, but it concludes that one way to increase student motivation is to improve the teacher's personal competence.
PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BERBASIS IMAN DAN TAQWA TERHADAP PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Muchlinawati Muchlinawati
Published: September 2020

Character education has become a plemic in various countrie. Views of the pros and cons coloring the character education discourse. Character education is an essential part  of school work, but so farhas been lacking attention. Character education is defined as the deliberate us of all demision of school life to foster optimal character development. This means that to support the development of student character must involve all components in the school  both from the aspect of curriculum content, the procces of instruction, the quality of relationships, the handling of discipline, implementation of co-curricular activities and ethos throughout the school environment. Islam is the teaching of Allah swt to manind through his messenger, from Adam as to the prophet Muhammad saw. In the generation of prophets Muhammad saw the teaching is in the Al-Qur’an. That is why Allah swt positioned the Al-Qur’an  as a guide for mankid and the prophet Muhammad saw in the position of Allah swt as an ideal model because he is considered by Allah swt as a person who has a perfect character( insan kamil).
INSTITUSI PENDIDIKAN PADA MASA DINASTI SALJUQ
Authors: Rohana Syarifah
Published: September 2020

Saljuq Dynasty was founded by Tughril Beg in 429 H/1037 AD. Its government was known as al-Salajiqah al-Kubra (the Great Saljuq or the Glorious Saljuq). The government or Saljuq Dynasty is part of the history of the Abbasiyah Dynasty. It reached its grand leadership and supreme power after they conquered the Buwaihi Dynasti. Their leadership lasted for approximately two centuries. In the era of Saljuq Dynasty there was a rapid rise and awakening of mind pioneered by Nizamul Mulk, the minister of Alb Arislan and Maliksyah. This knowledgeable minister had established a number of schools under his name, Nizamiyah. Those schools were located in many places which include Baghdad, Balkh, Nisabur, Harat, Asfahan, Basrah, Marwu, Amal and Mausil. According to as-Subki, Nizamul Mulk owned a school almost in many cities in Iraq and Khurassan.
SUPERVISI AKADEMIK BERBASIS NILAI-NILAI ISLAMI PADA SEKOLAH DASAR MODEL KOTA BANDA ACEH (Suatu Analisis Humanisme Teosentris)
Authors: Khairullah Khairullah
Published: September 2020

Research on "Academic Supervision Based on Islamic’s values in Model Elementary Schools of Banda Aceh (An Analysis of Theocentric Humanism)" was conducted in 2019. This research aims to describe, analyze or describe the practice of Islamic value-based supervision covering aspects of theocentric humanism carried out by school supervisors in three Model Primary Schools in Banda Aceh. School supervisors are important in the context of educational development with the supervision model that they run. This study seeks to see how the implementation of Islamic values is applied by supervisors to teachers. This research methodology is a qualitative research by searching, analyzing and making interpretation of data found through the results of documents, interviews and observations. The data that has been collected is checked for validity through the validity of the data in the form of trust. Data analysis technique is to reduce, present, and make conclusions from the results of research. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of academic supervision based on Islamic values has been carried out according to the basic assumptions in this study, although it is not comprehensive. Where, the supervisors carry out the pattern of supervision guidance by promoting democratic values that are full of dialogue, and far from the impression of inspection. Gentle, polite and humorous attitudes can be categorized as humanist values and sincerity and responsibility as theocentric values especially in the context of this study. Even so, this study offers a new model in the implementation of academic supervision based on Islamic values in the future as a form of concern in the realm of education, namely the supervision approach by promoting the principles of humanism and theocentricity as well as the attitude of compassion, courtesy, deliberation, knowledgeable, devoted, fair , authoritative, sincere and aim Rabbani in carrying out every stage of academic supervision.
POLA KOMUNIKASI PENGASUH DAN ANAK ASUH DALAM PENGEMBANGAN BAKAT MINAT DI SOS CHILDREN’S VILLAGE DESA TARUNA MEULABOH KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT
Authors: Hajar Siti , Sari Reni Kumala
Published: September 2020

The environment which humans grow and develop is inseperable from the communication process. Everyone has a different way of conveying message that can be understood. Caregivers in lieu of parent at the Orphanage have a big responsibility in educating foster children. Certainly have a good communication pattern in order to develop their talents and interests to be better than before. This study examines SOS’s Children Village of Taruna Meulaboh, Aceh Barat District. This study aims to determine the pattern of communication between caregivers and foster children in the development of talents in SOS Children’s Village of Taruna Meulaboh, Aceh Barat District. The research is using qualitative approach. The method of data collecting is using Interview and documentation. The subject of this study were chairman of SOS Children’s Village of Taruna Meulaboh and 2 (two) caregivers from different rooms, while the object of study was all data information relevant to communication pattern. The results show that communication pattern used by SOS Children’s Village of Taruna Meulaboh is using interpersonal communication, public communication, and group communication. Three pattern deducted an effect on children insight and make it easier for children to hone their talent and interest.
STRATEGI MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA INSANI PADA PROSES KONVERSI BPR MUSTAQIM ACEH (Analisis Realitas dan Idealitas Kualifikasi Sumber Daya Insani Berdasarkan Nilai-Nilai Islam)
Authors: Nafisah Raudhatun
Published: September 2020

BPR Mustaqim Bank needs to prepare its human resources (HR) to be success in the conversion process from conventional to sharia system. However, the major problem is that it lacks of qualified HR who is competent (have capabilities in the field of economy and sharia), and has Islamic characters. The objective of this study was then to elaborate the concept of human resources management with Islamic values to achieve qualification and strategy of human resource management during the conversion process of BPR Mustaqim Bank. This study carried out qualitative approach by using descriptive method. It involved classifying and describing qualifications of the HR, both qualifications determined by the bank and ideal qualifications in line with Islamic values required by the bank for the successful conversion process to sharia system. Based on the reality, the HR qualification in BPR Mustaqim Bank are not fully ideal yet, either in terms of the HR qualification or the HR management strategy. In the aspect of HR qualification, BPR Mustaqim Bank should optimize the knowledge of the HR on sharia banking, and improve their religiosity by conducting religious activities. Meanwhile, to improve HR management strategy, BPR Mustaqim Bank should perform recruitment, selection, training and development process, compensation, and employee performance appraisal and relationship in line with the conversion purposes, in which the application procedure is adjusted to Islamic values.
Variationen von Friedenssehnsucht auf deutschen Ansichtskarten des Ersten Weltkriegs
Authors: Retterath Hans-Werner
Published: September 2020

In dieser Studie untersucht der Autor die Korrelationen zwischen Bildnachricht und handgeschriebener Nachricht auf deutschen Ansichtskarten im Ersten Weltkrieg. In der Forschungsliteratur wird zumeist behauptet, dass die Abbildungen und Nachrichten nicht miteinander korrelierten. Da infolge der zunehmenden Zensur während der Kriegszeit und Ansichtskarten von jedem gelesen werden konnten, erwähnten die Kartenschreiber nur selten irgendwelche Kritik am Krieg. Auf den ersten Blick kann dem zugestimmt werden. Jedoch kann der Autor nach eingehender Untersuchung von Vorder- und Rückseite der Karten und zusätzlicher Forschung in Adressbüchern, Archiven und historischer Literatur eine Verbindung zwischen beiden Kartenseiten und auch Kritik am Krieg aufzeigen.
Anhand von sechs Ansichtskarten, die meist von Soldaten an ihre Familien gerichtet waren, entdeckt der Autor unterschiedliche kritische Haltungen zu Krieg und Frieden, die von der aktuellen Kriegslage, soziokulturellem Hintergrund der Verfasser und der offiziellen Kriegspropaganda dieser Tage abhingen. Manchmal steht die handgeschriebene Nachricht im Gegensatz zur affirmativen Nachricht der Kartenabbildung. Hierbei ist festzustellen, dass die Abbildung auf der Karte häufig als Tarnung benutzt wurde. Des Weiteren wurde die Friedenssehnsucht hauptsächlich mit Kartenillustrationen und -aufschriften mit christlichen Bezügen ausgedrückt. Wenn in diesem Fall der Schreiber die Brutalität des Krieges erwähnte, unterstrich er damit die Bildaussage der Karte.
The Influence of Scientific Approach on Increased interest, creativity and learning outcomes: an Action Class Research
Authors: Nur Reski Andi
Published: September 2020

Class Action Research (CAR) was conducted to analyze the increase of interest, creativity and interest, creativity, and learning outcomes of students in the Mattayeom 4 class Phatanakansuksa Foundation School Thailand by implementing the Scientific approach method. During the observation and review with the English teacher Mattayeom 4, the researcher was able to describe the profile of student learning outcomes in grade 1 as a class with great potential but not well-honed. The low interest of students in this learning process can result in a learning process that is not optimal so that the results obtained are not optimal. The results of the implementation of classroom action research in the Mattayeom 4/2 Phatanakansuksa Foundation School's Real Work Lecture program which shows an increase in learning outcomes through a direct learning process applied by teachers/researchers.
The Effect of Physical Activity on the Menstrual Cycle at Martial Art Putri at the University of Muhammadiyah Makassar
Authors: Helfiana Rasiydah
Published: September 2020

Menstruation is a factor that reflects a woman's functional potential which can be influenced by a number of variables including age, family history, socioeconomic status, education, physical activity, personality, exercise, weight, height, stress, infection, percentage of fat distribution and hormonal. Physical exercise or sports affect the menstrual cycle of the participants of  martial art Muhammadiyah. This study aims to determine the effect of physical activity on the menstrual cycle, namely female combatants in the martial art Muhammadiyah arts education. According to research conducted in a number of countries, including other developing countries, it is said that menstrual disorders are quite a problem faced by Hillard women and found that female students show more frequent problems with irregular menstruation.
Factors Related to the Development of Children's Motoric in Integrated Service Post Sawi Massamaturu Village, Takalar Regency
Authors: Hasti Hasti
Published: September 2020

Motor development is a process of growing and development of motion ability of children's development conditions with the nerve and brain development of children so every simple movement is the results of complex interaction patterns of various and optimized particular systems and syatems. Motor development is connected with the growth process of motoric associated with knowledge, family income and attitudes of moms. The type of research used is observational research with the "cross sectional study" approach, to know the factors related to motor development of motorcycle of body diposyandu sawi massamaturu village, popular district. Research results show that of the large 30 sample estimates, 14 children with normal motor development and 6 children that the motor development is disturbed. Conclusion in this research a significant relationship between knowledge, and attitude with the motoric development of family income not significant thSe development of children motoric
Use of Intra Uterine Devices in Family Planning
Authors: Rasmadewi Bakri Argia
Published: September 2020

Contraception is generally divided into two types, namely the Long Term Contraception Method (MKJP) and the Non Long Term Contraception Method (Non MKJP). Side effects of using injection contraceptives; There is a change in menstrual pattern, such as irregularity, bleeding, spotting, or bleeding for up to 10 days. Intra Uterine Devices (IUD) are long-term contraceptives that are inserted into the uterus. The advantages of this contraception include high effectiveness of about 0.6 to 0.8 pregnancies per 100 women, failure in 125 to 170 pregnancies. There are several disadvantages to its use, such as bleeding (spotting) between menstruation, excessive menstrual pain, longer menstrual periods, and heavy bleeding at the time of menstruation.
Empowerment of Young Children Coral Communities, in the Field of Information Technology
Authors: Yonemoto Akira
Published: September 2020

The research focus is useful for limiting the object of research raised. Another benefit is that researchers do not get trapped in the amount of data obtained in the field. argues that descriptive research emphasizes data in the form of words, pictures, and not numbers caused by the application of qualitative methods. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The Information Technology field itself offers quite a large opportunity in terms of work considering that the use of IT-related products has become a fundamental need in today's society. Empowerment of Young Children Coral Communities, In the Field of Information Technology.
Financial Performance of Indian Pharmaceutical Companies: Analysis of Leverage and Cost of Capital
Authors: Abdulkareem Ahmed Mahdi
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The main aim of the study is to examine the performance of selected pharmaceutical companies in India based on the Degree Of Operating Leverage, Degree Of Financial Leverage, Degree Of Combined Leverage, and Cost Of Capital.

Approach/Methodology/Design: Five pharmaceutical companies were randomly selected, and the annual reports and financial statements of these companies were analyzed. The analysis methods involved Degree Of Operating Leverage, Degree Of Financial Leverage, Degree Of Combined Leverage, and Cost Of Capital. ANOVA test was also employed to test hypotheses. The study is made for five years from 2013-14 to 2017-18.

Findings: The results of the study reveal that there is a significant difference in the (means) variables in terms of leverage (operating, finance, and combined) and cost of capital. All leverages are different to each other and the cost of capital. The analysis reveals that Sun Pharma performed well during the study period, whereas Lupin underperformed in all aspects.

Practical Implications: The leverage and cost of capital are very important components for deciding whether to invest or not in pharmaceutical companies. The present study highlights the financial performances and growth of the selected pharmaceutical companies.

Originality/value: The results of the paper give certain indicators about the performance of the selected companies. These indicators can be used to inform an investment decision.
Psychological Effects Related to Accident among Victims
Authors: Al-Khader Mugahed , Mirdef Fahad Mohammed Ali Al
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the psychological effect related to accident among victims in Najran City hospitals, Saudi Arabia.

Study Design: A cross sectional study.

Subjects and Methods: This is a descriptive study of cross-sectional design conducted in Najran City hospitals. The study population encompasses all patients of post-traumatic accidents that were admitted to Najran City hospitals during the data collection period. The patients were invited to participate in the study. Non-probability convenience sampling method was used. A questionnaire was devised, developed, and administered to measure the psychological effects related to accident among victims. For statistical analysis, descriptive measures, including frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and p-value were employed.

Results: The study reveals that more than half of the studied victims (57.8%) were between 21 to 30 years old. All of them were males, indicating high rate of causalities in Najran City among youngsters. In terms of post-traumatic experience, the study reveals that 82.2% of the respondents had negative feelings about themselves. The victims also complained of several other psychological effects. In addition, certain cases of oversleep and excessive anxiety were recorded. The statistical analysis showed no significance between the studied psychological effects related to accident among victims in Najran City hospitals and their characteristics except in terms of marital status and work income.

Conclusion: The study concludes that victims of accidents suffer psychologically in the post-traumatic phase. The injuries sustained after the incidents leave the victims suffering from negative feeling about themselves. Given these results, it is recommended that authorities should increase the road instructions to improve awareness of drivers. It is believed that the road instruction would increase road safety and minimize the risk of vehicle accidents.
Proposed Unification of Indigenous Games in Teaching Physical Education in Cagayan National High School, the Philippines
Authors: Agustin Mark Lester  P.
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The study aims to explore the possibility of the unification of indigenous games in teaching Physical Education in the Enhanced Basic Education Program – the K to 12 Program. It also aims to determine the level of agreement of MAPEH teachers in the unification of indigenous games and to identify the indigenous games that will be unified in each grade level.

Approach/Methodology/Design: Descriptive and qualitative methods of research were used in this study. The instruments used were questionnaire and an interview guide. Thirty teachers in Cagayan National High School participated in the study as a sample.  Data were analyzed using means, frequency distribution and percentage.

Findings: The results revealed that one hundred percent of the respondents strongly agree with the integration of indigenous games in teaching Physical Education. The respondents believed that this will be a way to preserve the tradition and culture that a certain community has hence, a great manifestation of being a Filipino.

Practical Implications: Four indigenous games will be integrated for each grade level. This will improve the teaching of physical education.

Originality/value: Indigenous games represent the culture and values towards the maintenance of health of every Filipino. This research article revives an interest in exploring and adopting indigenous games. It also attempts to establish a connection with the Filipino culture in the teaching of physical education.
A comparison of 7 commercial anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody immunoassays
Authors: Swadźba Jakub , Bednarczyk Maciej , Anyszek Tomasz , Martin Emilia
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Serological testing in SARS-CoV-2 infection is gaining both patients’ and clinicians’ attention. Antibody assessment has potential multidirectional utility, hampered by the scarcity of clinical validation studies of the tests available on the market. Therefore, this study aimed to provide some evidence on the clinical utility of anti-SARS-CoV-2 commercial assays, based on the comparison of the results obtained with different methods.

Material and methods

The study included 52 samples from patients and healthy volunteers. The control samples (n = 20) were obtained during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The case cohort consisted of 32 consecutive patients referred to the Diagnostyka medical laboratory for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. For the purpose of this study, the MAGLUMI chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) was chosen as a comparative method. All samples were tested with this method, as well as with the Euroimmun enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and five different lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs).

Results

The results obtained in this study provide evidence for high overall concordance between the comparative CLIA method and both ELISA and different LFIAs. The agreement between CLIA and LFIAs was 92.3–98.0% for IgG and 90.0–96.1% for IgM, depending on the kit. The concordance between CLIA and ELISA was 92.3% for IgG and 75.0% for IgA (compared to the MAGLUMI CLIA IgM).

Conclusions

The results obtained in this study provide evidence for high overall concordance between the comparative CLIA method and different LFIAs. This could justify the use of LFIAs in some settings, where automated assays are not available, provided that some limitations are considered.
Changing patterns of urologic emergency visits and admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective, multicenter, nationwide study
Authors: Rajwa Pawel , Przydacz Mikolaj , Krajewski Wojciech , Kuffel Blazej , Zapala Piotr , Krzywon Aleksandra , Cortez Alexander , Dybowski Bartosz , Stamirowski Remigiusz , Jarzemski Marcin , Drobot Rafal , Stelmach Pawel , Mlynarek Krystyna , Marcinek Mateusz , Przudzik Maciej , Krawczyk Wiktor , Ryszawy Jakub , Choragwicki Dominik , Zapala Lukasz , Lipa Marcin , Pozniak Michal , Janczak Dawid , Słomian Szymon , Łaszkiewicz Jan , Nowak Marcel , Miszczyk Marcin , Roslan Marek , Tkocz Michał , Zdrojowy Romuald , Potyka Andrzej , Szydełko Tomasz , Drewa Tomasz , Jarzemski Piotr , Radziszewski Piotr , Slojewski Marcin , Antoniewicz Artur , Paradysz Andrzej , Chlosta Piotr L.
Published: September 2020

Introduction

We aimed to examine the change in the number and severity of visits to the emergency departments (EDs) and subsequent admissions for urgent urologic conditions in the early stage of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Poland.

Material and methods

We evaluated data from 13 urologic centers in Poland and compared the number of visits to the EDs and subsequent admissions before and after the advent of COVID-19 in 2020, and before and after the escalating national restrictions. Furthermore, data on types of urologic complaints, crucial laboratory parameters, and post-admission procedures were analyzed.

Results

In total 1,696 and 2,187 urologic visits (22.45% decrease) and 387 and 439 urologic urgent admissions (11.85% decrease) were reported in given periods in 2020 and 2019, respectively. The year-over-year difference in daily mean visits was clear (36.1 vs. 46.5; p < 0.001). Declines were seen in all complaints but device malfunction. In 2020 daily mean visits and admissions decreased from 40.9 and 9.6 before lockdowns to 30.9 (p < 0.001) and 6.9 (p = 0.001) after severe restrictions, respectively. There was a trend towards more negative laboratory parameter profiles in 2020, with patients who visited the EDs after severe restrictions having twice as high median levels of C-reactive protein (15.39 vs. 7.84, p = 0.03).

Conclusions

The observed declines in ED visits and admissions were apparent with the significant effect of national lockdowns. Our results indicate that some of the patients requiring urgent medical help did not appear at the ED or came later than they would have done before the pandemic, presenting with more severe complaints.
Development of erectile dysfunction in men treated for major depressive disorder with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a systematic review
Authors: Alhuwaydi Ahmed
Published: September 2020

Introduction

: Sexual dysfunction (SD) is known to be associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). To determine the effect of different SSRIs on SD development in males, particularly erectile dysfunction (ED), a systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines.

Material and methods

Literature, in English language, published between January 2009 and September 2019 was searched using two electronic databases, PubMed and EMBASE. Studies were screened according to the predefined inclusion-exclusion criteria. The bibliographies of the included articles were screened to identify any relevant articles.

Results

A total of ten articles were included (8/811 articles searched; two from bibliographies of eight included articles). Treatment-emergent SD, particularly ED was observed in male participants, although the ED incidence was low, less than 2%. SSRIs – fluoxetine, escitalopram, and citalopram – showed a higher risk of ED than other SSRIs.

Conclusions

The findings indicated a positive association between SSRIs and SD. However, evidence supporting a strong link between SSRIs and ED was insufficient.
Anthropometry, bone mineral density and risk of breast cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal Saudi women
Authors: AlFaris Nora , AlKehayez Nora , AlMushawah Fatema , AlNaeem AbdulRhman , AlAmri Nadia , AlMudawah Ebtisam
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Anthropometry and bone mineral density are linked to hormonal imbalance, which plays
a possible role in breast carcinogenesis. The current study was designed to explore the relationship
between selected anthropometric and bone mineral density parameters and the risk of breast cancer
in premenopausal and postmenopausal Saudi women.

Material and methods

methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among premenopausal (n = 308) and
postmenopausal (n = 148) women at two Medical Cities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from May 2015 to
June 2016. Selected anthropometric measurements were obtained from 456 women; 213 of them had
breast cancer. Bone mineral density was also measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Results

Greater waist circumference was significantly correlated with a higher breast cancer risk in
premenopausal women (OR = 1.02, p = 0.03) but not in postmenopausal women. Greater triceps
skinfold thickness had been found to be significantly correlated with a higher risk of breast cancer in
premenopausal (OR = 1.06, p = 0.001) and postmenopausal (OR = 1.06, p = 0.001) women. However,
bone mineral density was not significantly associated with breast cancer risk in either group
of participants.

Conclusions

Breast cancer risk was significantly associated with waist circumference and triceps
skinfold thickness in premenopausal women and with only triceps skinfold thickness in
postmenopausal women.
Effects of Lactobacillus on hyperlipidemia in high-fat diet-induced mouse model
Authors: Liu Peining , Yu Shuaishuai , Liu Jinrong , Zhou Yan , Cao Ruixue , Zhou Yonghai , Shi Linwei , Du Jimei
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Hyperlipidemia refers to a group of lipid metabolism disorders characterized by increased levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and/or low- density lipoprotein cholesterol and/or decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. This study aims to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus on lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis in male mice fed with a high-fat diet by measuring blood lipid, hepatic function and hepatocyte morphology.

Material and methods

Eighty male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were fed with a high-fat diet for six weeks to establish hyperlipidemic models. Then, mice were treated with a high or low concentration of Lactobacillus of human source, mouse source, or plant source, respectively.

Results

After three weeks of therapy, except for the human Lactobacillus treatment group, the blood cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in mice treated with Lactobacillus of mouse and plant source were lower than those in the hyperlipidemic model group. After four weeks of treatment, the levels of blood biochemical indexes in mice in all treatment groups were significantly different, when compared to those in the hyperlipidemic model group.

Conclusions

Lactobacillus may regulate blood lipid in mice fed with a high-fat diet. Lactobacillus can improve the high cholesterol, high blood lipid, and injury of hepatic function, and prevent further development of atherosclerosis caused by a high-fat diet to some extent. Correct dietary structure is the basis for the treatment of dietary hyperlipidemia and its complications.
Comparing prophylactic effect of exercise and metformin on cognitive brain functions in rats with type 3 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sakr Hader Ibrahim , Amen Mohamed A. , Rashed Laila A. , Khowailed Akef A. , Sayed Hazem A. , Motawee Moustafa E. , Sakr Hany , Khalifa Mohamed Mansour
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are two major medical conditions that constitute a significant financial burden on most healthcare systems. Due to AD sharing “insulin resistance” mechanistic features with DM, some scientists have proposed “type 3 DM” terminology for it. This study aims to compare the prophylactic effect of exercise and metformin on cognitive brain functions in rats with type 3 DM.

Material and methods

Two groups of rats were included in the study: the control group (n = 15) and the streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic group (n = 45). The diabetic group was subdivided into three equal subgroups: a sedentary non-treated diabetic group, an exercised group, and a metformin-treated group. We estimated step-down avoidance task latency, serum glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides (TG), brain A-42 and glucose, histological changes by toluidine blue, and immunohistochemistry for brain Aβ-42 and tau-positive cells.

Results

Serum glucose, FFA, TG, cholesterol, LDL, brain Aβ-42, brain glucose, the number of hippocampal dark and degenerated cells, and brain Aβ-42 and tau-positive cells, were all significantly lower. In contrast, serum insulin and HDL, the number of hippocampal granular cells, and latency of the step-down avoidance task were significantly higher in exercised and metformin-treated groups compared to the diabetic group. There were significantly higher values of serum insulin and brain/plasma glucose ratio and number of brain tau-positive cells in the metformin-treated group than in the exercised group.

Conclusions

We can conclude that exercise can be as effective as metformin regarding prophylaxis against the deleterious effects of type 3 DM on cognitive brain functions.
Influence of age on kinematic analysis of functional reach test: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Merchan-Baeza Jose Antonio , Gonzalez-Sanchez Manuel , Cuesta-Vargas Antonio Ignacio
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Ageing is associated with deterioration and alterations in physical function, affecting community mobility, balance, skills, or daily living activities. The aim of the study was to kinematically analyse the influence of age on balance in young and older adults, as well as to compare the kinematics of the trunk and lumbar regions during Functional Reach Test (FRT).

Methods

The cross-sectional study involved 5 healthy older adults and 6 healthy young adults. Each participant performed FRT instrumentalized with 2 inertial sensors attached in the trunk (T7) and lumbar (L5-S2) regions. Direct (time and displacement) and indirect (velocity and acceleration) kinematic variables, as well as mid-range achieved in FRT were analysed.

Results

The participants’ mean age was 73.04 ± 3.58 years among the older adults and 23.5 ± 1.52 years among the young adults. Significant differences in time (trunk: –7.61 ± 2.14 s; lumbar: –6.40 ± 1.06 s) and displacement (trunk: 16.33 ± 4.21°) were identified; in the lumbar region, no significant displacement differences were observed (p > 0.05). Similarly, in the partial intervals analysed during FRT (from starting position to maximum displacement/imbalance, and return to the initial position), significant differences (p < 0.05) were revealed in all direct and indirect variables.

Conclusions

When comparing FRT performance in healthy young and elderly subjects from a kinematic point of view, significant differences were found in the vast majority of kinematic variables analysed in both lumbar and trunk region.
The association between achievement goal motivation and counterproductive work behavior: the moderating effect of work engagement and the Dark Triad
Authors: Derbis Romuald
Published: September 2020

Background

The objective of the article is to describe the association between counterproductive work behavior (CWB), achievement goal motivation and the moderating variables: work engagement and the Dark Triad (DT). The theoretical bases of the tested models are: the four-factor theory of achievement goal motivation (Elliot & McGregor), the CWB conception of Spector, the JD-R model of Demerouti, the work engagement model of Schaufeli and the DT conception of Paulhus and Williams.

Participants and procedure

An internet study was conducted with 138 office employees as participants. The variables were measured us-ing the Polish versions of the following tools: achievement goal motivation – AGQ-R, counterproductive work behavior – CWB-C scale, work engagement – UWES, DT – the Dirty Dozen scale.

Results

The obtained results confirm the hypothesis of the differentiated strength of the additional association of the analyzed types of achievement goal motivation (mastery approach, mastery avoidance, performance ap-proach, performance avoidance) with CWB. This link occurs in models without moderators not only for mastery avoidance. In the models with moderators, the interaction patterns are differentiated for particular types of mo-tivation; for example, work engagement interacts only with the performance approach, while DT interacts not only with the mastery approach. Three-directional interactions increase the percentage of explained variance of the models to a small degree.

Conclusions

Moderating effects were relatively strong within the association of performance approach with CWB. Results indicate the accuracy of the theoretical bases of the studies, as well as the need for their continuation with ac-count being taken of the types of CWB and components of DT.
Lack of control over work and organizational citizenship behavior: overwork climate as a suppressor variable
Authors: Jurek Paweł , Piotrowski Andrzej , Olech Michał , Eldridge Ewa
Published: September 2020

Background

This study investigates a suppressor effect in the relationship between lack of control over work and organiza-tional citizenship behavior (OCB). Suppressor effects operate when the addition of a predictor (in our study it is an overwork climate) increases the predictive power of another variable (lack of control over work) in predicting an outcome variable (OCB). Suppressor effects can play a valuable role in explicating the meaning of exam-ined variables by bringing into clearer focus opposing elements that are inherent – but largely hidden – in the measurement of these variables.

Participants and procedure

Data were collected through online questionnaires in a cross-sectional study. Using a sample of Polish em-ployees (N = 580) we performed structural equation modelling (SEM) with robust maximum likelihood estima-tion to test our hypotheses.

Results

Confirming our hypothesis, we found that overwork climate, as a suppressor variable, in isolation is not corre-lated with OCB, but is strongly associated with lack of control over work, which is a significant predictor of OCB.

Conclusions

In our study, we demonstrated that both lack of control over work and organizational citizenship behaviors en-compass two dimensions simultaneously. The first, namely dedication to work (which they both share), consti-tutes the positive correlation between these two variables. The second dimension (which separates the two variables), which constitutes the negative correlation between them, is an attitude. Lack of control over work is rooted in the negative attitude and stems from the overwork climate, while organizational citizenship behaviors can be more widely associated with the positive attitude which generally stems from positive evaluation of the working environment.