bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penggunaan Aplikasi Kinemaster untuk Media Pembelajaran IPS Di Kelas V SDN 34 Kinali
Authors: Asmarita  , Adam Mudinillah
Published: March 2022

Based on the current situation during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as regulations made by the government to conduct online learning processes, SDN 34 Kinali follows the circulating rules by studying online to help reduce the transmission of COVID-19 that is being faced. So to continue to carry out the learning process, media is needed in conveying material to students, learning media is a tool used to convey material messages to students that stimulate students' minds and attract students' interest in carrying out learning in order to achieve the expected goals in learning. In this study, the purpose of this study was to use an application for editing learning videos at SDN 34 Kinali Pasaman Barat in class V theme 6 sub-theme 1, in making videos in the Kinemaster application, namely by using various features in order to attract students' interest in listening to lessons during the pandemic. Faced at this time. In the current condition, learning videos are very much used so as not to make students lazy in participating in learning that is carried out if only through wa only. Therefore, the kinemaster used in video editing is a good electronic tool and easy to apply

[Berdasarkan keadaan pandemi covid-19 saat ini sebagaimana peraturan yang dibuat pemerintah, maka SDN 34 Kinali mengikuti aturan yang beredar dengan belajar secara online. Maka untuk terus menjalankan proses pembelajaran diperlukan media dalam menyampaikan materi kepada siswa, media pembelajaran adalah sebuah alat yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan pesan materi kepada siswa yang merangsang pikiran siswa serta menarik minat siswa dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran agar dapat mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan pada pembelajaran. Maka perbedaan media pembelajaran pada masa pandemic tentu berbeda dengan pembelajaran sebelum pandemic, yaitu aplikasi media yang digunakan tentu yang menarik fokus siswa dalam belajar. Dalam implementasinya aplikasi media pembelajaran dapat diperoleh oleh semua siswa dalam pembelajaran sehingga dapat memahami penggunaan aplikasi dan materi yang disampaikan dapat diterima dan dipahami dengan baik. Pada penelitian kali ini memiliki tujuan penggunaan aplikasi untuk editing video pembelajaran pada SDN 34 Kinali Pasaman Barat pada kelas V tema 6 subtema 1, pada pembuatan video di aplikasi kinemaster yaitu dengan menggunakan fitur yang beragam agar dapat menarik minat siswa dalam menyimak pelajaran pada masa pandemi yang dihadapi pada saat ini. Pada kondisi saat ini video pembelajaran sangat digunakan agar tidak membuat siswa menjadi malas dalam mengikuti pembelajaran yang dilakukan bila hanya dengan melaui wa saja. Oleh karna itu kinemaster yang digunakan dalam editing video merupakan alat elektronik yang baik dan mudah dalam pengaplikasiannya. Sehingga dengan begitu siswa ketika melihat materi yang disampaikan melalui aplikasi media pembelajaran yang dibuat semenarik mungkin untuk menarik simpatik siswa agar tertarik kemudian diharapkan mudah dalam menerima materi pembelajaran]
Czy istnieje potoczne pojęcie świadomości fenomenalnej?
Authors: Wyrwa Michał
Published: March 2022

Filozofowie i naukowcy odwołują się do szczególnego, oczywistego dla wszystkich świadomych ludzi charakteru świadomości fenomenalnej. Do niedawna nie dysponowaliśmy żadnymi ustaleniami empirycznymi na temat potocznego poglądu na temat świadomości. W ostatnich latach, w ramach eksperymentalnej filozofii świadomości, takie badania zostały przeprowadzone. Zgodnie z wiodącą interpretacją ich wyników, fenomenalny aspekt świadomości nie jest jednak dostrzegany przez laików, osoby bez wiedzy akademickiej na temat świadomości. Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie czy możemy zaufać tym wynikom. Pokazuję, że istnieją poważne wątpliwości co do trafności przeprowadzonych badań. W konsekwencji, wiodąca interpretacja powinna zostać odrzucona, a tytułowe pytanie o potoczny charakter pojęcie świadomości pozostaje otwarte.
Effect of the casein to fat ratio on the functional properties of Prato cheese
Authors: Landin Taynan Barroso , Sobral Denise , Costa Júnior Luiz Carlos Gonçalves , Ferreira Eric Batista , Moreira Gisela de Magalhães Machado , Teodoro Vanessa Aglaê Martins , Cerqueira Valdeane Dias , Paula Junio César Jacinto de , Miguel Elisângela Michele , Costa Renata Golin Bueno
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of casein to fat ratios (0.68, 0.72, and 0.76) on the functional properties of  Prato cheese at 2, 15, 30, and 45 days of ripening. The different ratios did not interfere with the physicochemical characteristics, pH, Aw, proteolysis indices, color parameters, sliceability and sensory profile of the cheeses among the treatments. However, pH, proteolysis indices, texture profile, L* and b* color parameters of the cheeses changed through the ripening time. The cheeses made from milk standardized to casein/fat ratio of 0.68 presented lower chewiness values. The casein to fat ratio of 0.68 increased the protein and fat recoveries, and provided greater meltability and greater formation of free oil when compared to cheeses made from milk with casein to fat ratio of 0.76. Therefore, casein to fat ratio of 0.72 is recommended for the production of Prato cheese as the cheese presents good functional properties at this value, such as intermediate melting and chewiness, and less release of free oil.
Long-term increase in growth of an estuarine predator, mulloway Argyrosomus japonicus, predicted to continue under future warming scenarios
Authors: Nicolle P , Hughes J , Fowler A , Schilling HT
Published: March 2022

Understanding the effects of climate change on fish biology and ecology is crucial for effective management of fisheries resources. Estuaries are warming at a faster rate than nearby oceans in south-eastern Australia, yet there is little understanding of how this may impact the growth of estuarine fish. We examined long-term changes and drivers of growth in an ecologically and economically important estuarine fish in this region, the mullowayArgyrosomus japonicus, using a growth chronology spanning 39 yr (1980-2018). The chronology was developed using 3112 otoliths collected over 12° of latitude. Mixed effects models identified a long-term increase in the growth rate ofA. japonicusspanning nearly 3 decades in south-eastern Australia and a positive growth response to temperature. Temperature during the months of November-February best explained this growth response, likely representing a specific growing season for the species. However, there also remained some variation in growth not explained by increasing temperature over the period. We also found evidence of faster growth in individuals sampled at both younger and older ages, potentially caused by selectivity mechanisms. Regional climate forecasts predict that, based upon the observed response to temperature, the mean annual growth rate ofA. japonicus in south-eastern Australia may increase by up to 8.9% by 2099. These results add to the growing body of literature demonstrating positive growth responses by marine species in warming environments and highlight the value of understanding the drivers of long-term growth variation in exploited fish stocks in order to predict future productivity under a range of environmental and fisheries management scenarios.
Pilot In-Flight Sleep During Long-Range and Ultra-Long Range Commercial Airline Flights
Authors: Rempe Michael J. , Basiarz Ewa , Rasmussen Ian , Belenky Gregory , Lamp Amanda
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION: In commercial aviation, pilot fatigue is a major threat to safety. One key fatigue mitigation strategy on long-range (LR; 8–16 h) and ultra-long range (ULR; 16+ h on at least 10% of trips) routes is allotting in-flight rest breaks for the pilots. Since sleep
is a strong predictor of performance, it is important to quantify total in-flight sleep (TIFS) and determine rest scheme schedules that optimize sleep opportunity and subsequent performance. Here we quantify in-flight sleep and characterize rest schemes by type and efficiency.METHODS:
Between 2015 and 2019, we collected data on in-flight sleep on 3 LR and 5 ULR routes totaling 231 pilots flying over 1200 flight duty periods. Data were collected using a combination of actigraphy and logbooks.RESULTS: Over all combinations of flight direction, crew and LR vs. ULR,
average TIFS ranged from 3.4 h to 5.2 h with some ULR pilots getting over 8 h. Most crews made use of simple two- or three-break rest schemes and the complex four-break rest schemes were used almost exclusively on the three longest ULR routes. The complex schemes were less efficient than simple
schemes, although this effect was small. Complex schemes resulted in no more TIFS compared to simple schemes on the same routes.DISCUSSION: Overall, we find that crews are getting more sleep on these routes than previously reported on similar routes. Most crews use simple rest schemes
and these simple schemes are more efficient than complex schemes.Rempe MJ, Basiarz E, Rasmussen I, Belenky G, Lamp A. Pilot in-flight sleep during long-range and ultra-long range commercial airline flights. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(4):368–375.
The Impact of Sukuk Structures on Sukuk Ratings and Yields
Authors: Nurul Aini Muhamed  , Mohamed Abulgasem Elhaj  , Nathasa Mazna Ramli
Published: March 2022

Sukuk has been developed into a global asset class, supporting development with the participation of a wide range of issuers and investors irrespective of demographic continents. Sukuk structuring is not only related to regulations imposed by the regulators but also has high consideration on rating and yield performance. This study aims to examine the effect of the Sukuk structures on Sukuk rating and yield in Bursa Malaysia (Malaysian Stock Exchange) listed companies during the term of 2008–2013. This study uses the ordinal logit regression model (OLRM) to investigate the effect of Sukuk structures on the rating, and the ordinary least-square (OLS) to investigate the effect of Sukuk structures on the yield. The result demonstrates two opposite directions after controlling for firm characteristics. While Sukuk rating is negatively related to Sukuk structures, Sukuk yield shows a positive direction with Sukuk structures. This study evidently shows that the selection of Sukuk structure is among the important factors for Sukuk yield performance, in addition to fulfilling the regulatory requirements on Sukuk structuring. The selection of the best structure can achieve the issuance and investment objectives. This study was limited to the study of the relationship between Sukuk structure on Sukuk ratings and yield using the aggregate data of Malaysian public listed companies that issued Sukuk during the period of 2008 to 2013. The study provides new insights into the issue of how the Sukuk structure influences the Sukuk rating and yield. The findings of this study contribute to the existing literature on the determinants of Sukuk ratings and yields.
The Mediating Role of Continuous Improvement on the Relationship between Workplace Learning Dimensions and Sustainable Lean Manufacturing
Authors: Agnes Siang-Siew Lim  , Surena Sabil  , Abang Ekhsan Bin Abang Othman
Published: March 2022

The main objective of this paper was to study the mediating role of continuous improvement on the relationship between learning dimensions at the workplace and sustainable Lean implementations. Embedded systems, system connections and support leadership, were the learning dimensions included in this study. The participation in this study of eight Lean manufacturing companies based in Malaysia contributed to 219 survey responses from employees with a background in Lean. The presence of continuous improvement initiatives, as a mediator, was seen to significantly influence the relationship between the dimensions of workplace learning and sustainable Lean manufacturing in Malaysia. The empirical findings from this study can serve as a source of reference, not only for operational specialists but also for human resources practitioners and strategic leaders seeking sustainable Lean benefits. This research provides a synergistic approach between operations management and human resource practices to advance Lean-related interventions for future research or practical implementations.
The Fiscal Multiplier and Its Determinants: An Econometric Analysis for the Case of Jordan during the Period (1975-2017)
Authors: Mohammad A. Al-Masaeid  , Ahmad A. Alwaked
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to analyze the impacts of government expenditure and the public revenues on economic growth via the estimation of the fiscal multipliers for the period of (1975-2017). Also, the study analyzed the value and effects of the determinants of this multiplier, namely the openness of trade, public debt, the exchange rate, and the size of automatic stabilizers. In order to achieve these purposes, the study used the descriptive approach and the Auto-Regressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) approach. the tests showed that the variables became stationary after taking the first difference, and the variables are co-integration. The results of the study showed that the value of the fiscal multiplier of the government expenditure in the short and long term is about (1.34 and 3.60) respectively, and if we added its determinants, the value of the multiplier is estimated (2.80 and 2.97) respectively. The fiscal multiplier for the public revenues was estimated (1.17 and 4.10) respectively in the short and long term, but in the case of adding its determinants, the multiplier value is estimated (0.80 and 3.97) respectively. Based on the findings, the study recommended the government to increase its capital expenditures, although at the expense of carrying additional debt at present, to provide higher economic growth and encourage and attract an environment for investments.
Factors Affecting Mental Health Among Chinese College Students: A Preliminary Review of Literature
Authors: Lei Feng , Chung Ellen , Ling Siew Eng
Published: April 2022

Mental health has attracted much attention over the past decades. Academic pressure, employment pressure, interpersonal relationship, emotional problems all impact students' bodies and minds. This paper aims to comb through relevant literature to identify the factors affecting mental health among college students in China. Five hundred forty-five articles were retrieved containing relevant keywords such as factors affecting mental health from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. These articles were published from 1989 to the first half of 2021. A broad thematic analysis revealed that these factors could be grouped into four main categories: family, social, college-life, and individual factors. This paper has a significant contribution as it lays the foundation for further investigation into mental health issues among college students in China.
PERANCANGAN TANGKI PENYIMPANAN NITROGEN KAPASITAS 0,0074 M3 PADA PRARANCANGAN PABRIK KIMIA ASAP CAIR
Authors: Primalasita Dinda Vindarina , Sa’diyah Khalimatus
Published: March 2022

Pada produksi asap cair dibutuhkan alat berupa tangki. Tangki merupakan wadah penyimpanan yang sering  dipakai di berbagai industri sebagai tempat penyimpanan bahan baku atau produk dan melindungi bahan dari  kontaminan. Salah satu tangki yang dibutuhkan pada pabrik asap cair yaitu tangki nitrogen. Pemakaian nitrogen  pada pabrik asap cair sangat penting yaitu berfungsi sebagai fluidized agent pada reaktor pirolisis dan untuk  mengeluarkan atau meminimalisir kadar O2 dalam reaktor yang akan berpengaruh pada proses pirolisis.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang tangki penyimpanan nitrogen dengan kapasitas 0,0074 m3 pada pra rancangan pabrik kimia asap cair. Tangki dirancang dengan metode perhitungan desain bejana bertekanan dalam.  Tipe tangki yaitu silinder tegak dengan tutup atas dan tutup bawah berbentuk ellipsoidal dished. Hasil  perhitungan didapatkan total tinggi tangki 0,98 m; diameter tangki 0,39 m; dan tebal dinding tangki 0,0047 m.  Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan nozzle, NRe bernilai > 2100 sehingga jenis aliran pada nozzle yaitu turbulen.  Perhitungan desain tangki dilakukan berdasarkan data, API (American Petroleum Institute) Standard 12 C dan  American Standards Association (ASA) B16.5-1953 sehingga dapat dikatakan layak dan aman.
ANALISA EKONOMI PABRIK KIMIA HANDSANITIZER GEL DARI EKSTRAK DAUN KELOR DENGAN KAPASITAS 950 TON/TAHUN
Authors: Pangestuti Novia Ardarini , Suharti Profiyanti Hermien
Published: March 2022

Kondisi pandemi ini menyebabkan kesehatan dan imunitas menjadi hal penting yang harus diperhatikan. Banyak cara dilakukan untuk menghindarkan diri dari berbagai penyakit, salah satunya adalah dengan menjaga tangan  supaya tetap bersih. Suatu alternatif yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan membuat handsanitizer organik dari  ekstrak daun kelor. Pendirian pabrik handsanitizer semakin meningkat dengan harapan dapat mengurangi  penyebaran virus covid-19 dalam kondisi pandemi. Pabrik handsanitizer ini menggunakan bahan baku utama dari  daun kelor dengan kapasitas 950 ton/tahun. Pabrik ini direncanakan didirikan di Blora, Jawa Tengah dan  beroperasi selama 330 hari per tahun, 24 jam per hari. Hasil analisa ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa nilai Total  Capital Investment (TCI) yang dibutuhkan adalah sebesar Rp34.742.173.897,90, dengan nilai Total Production  Cost (TPC) sebesar Rp132.522.210.653,47. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa nilai laba kotor pabrik ini adalah  sebesar Rp33.727.789.346,53per tahun. Apabila prosentase pajak yang harus dibayarkan adalah sebesar 40%,  maka akan diperoleh laba bersih sebesar Rp20.236.673.607,92 per tahun. Laju pengembalian modal Rate of  Investment (ROI) sebelum pajak sebesar Rp337.277.893,47; sedangkan setelah pajak sebesar  Rp20.236.673.607,92. Lama pengembalian modal Pay Out Time (POT) sebesar 1,8 tahun. Break Event Point (BEP)  sebesar 44%, sehingga diperoleh Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 25,72%. Nilai ini lebih besar dari prediksi  bunga bank pada tahun 2021, yaitu sebesar 8% . Dengan demikian, berdasarkan tinjauan ekonomi, pabrik  handsanitizer dengan bahan baku ekstrak daun kelor layak untuk didirikan.
ANALISIS PERBAIKAN (PEMANFAATAN) KEMBALI PRODUK DEMIN WATER OFF SPEC SEBAGAI LTW
Authors: Rahminar Anbarwita , Sudarminto Hadi Priya , Taufiki Rohmad
Published: March 2022

Demin water yang digunakan untuk utilitas sangat berpengaruh terhadap proses produksi karena jika terjadi  kendala bahkan sampai tidak ada supply demin water maka produksi akan berhenti. Oleh karena itu, dalam  penelitian ini dilakukan analisis lebih lanjut mengenai penyebab Demin water menjadi off spec dan cara  memanfaatkan demin water off spec menjadi lime treated water (LTW) yang sesuai spec dengan menggunakan  metode analisis perbaikan (pemanfaatan kembali) air demin water off spec dengan cara melakukan  demineralisasi air, yaitu dengan menggunkan anion dan kation exchanger. Demin water dikatakan off spec apabila pH terkadang naik atau turun secara tiba tiba, kadar kandungan mineral yang tinggi,terjadi kebocoran  pipa. anion exchanger Berfungsi untuk menyerap atau mengikat ion-ion negatif yang terdapat dalam  kandungan air yang keluar dari degasifier. Resin pada anion exchanger adalah R = NOH. Pada kolom mix bed  demineralizer, resin kation akan menangkap ion-ion positif dan resin anion akan menangkap ion-ion negatif  (alkality dan silica). Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa demin water off spec terjadi karena resin yang  sudah jenuh, dan adanya permasalahan internal lainya. Demin water off spec dapat diatasi dengan cara  mentreatment ulang Demin water tersebut
LITERATURE STUDY OF THE EFFECT ON DOPING COMPONENT ON THE CE-TI OXIDE CATALYST FOR FLUE GAS DENITRATION WITH NH3-SCR
Authors: Sinawang Rias Becik , Lusiani Cucuk Evi
Published: March 2022

The Ce-Ti oxide catalyst is viewed as an innovation for the reduction of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and owns outstanding activity in ammonia-selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) that became the most used denitration reaction in industry. In the flue gas, there will be many substances that inhibit the catalytic activity. Therefore, adding some components to the Ce-Ti oxide catalyst can be a solution. The aim of this literature study is to  analyze the effect of doping components (Fe, Zr, Cu, K) on Ce-Ti oxide catalyst in the NH3-SCR reaction. Several  theories and data methods were collected by comparing data based on catalytic activity and characterization of  the catalysts. The activity of the catalyst was obtained by calculating the NOx conversion. The characterization of  the catalysts was detected by BET, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, and XPS. The analysis based on the literature study exhibited a catalyst with the best activities, structures, and properties required to successfully reduce NOx. The  results indicate that the effect on doping components of Fe, Zr, and Cu can enhance the characteristics and  protect the reduction ability, whilst the doping of K decreases surface acidity and reducibility on Ce-Ti oxide  catalyst.
Kevlar-Alumina Composite as An Alternative Substrate for 5G Antenna Application
Authors: Khusna Efrilia Ma'rifatul , Budi Basuki Subagio , Arif Bramantyo Hutama
Published: March 2022

This paper introduces a millimetre-wave antenna design for 5G application using an alternative substrate called Kevlar-Alumina Composite. Kevlar-Alumina Composite had been researched and measured comprehensively by Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) Bandung showing dielectric value of 9.2. The application of the antenna geometry is based on Vivaldi Coplanar antenna with L shaped feeding on the ground plane. Vivaldi Antenna is chosen as it has a relatively small size with various structures. An antenna of 3.75 GHz for 5G application using Kevlar-Alumina Composite is proposed. The simulated results of single-element 5G antenna have return loss value of -21.949 dB, 1.173 VSWR, directive radiation pattern at E-Plane and H-plane, and surface current. The use of the Kevlar-Alumina Composite performed good results.
Keadilan Sosial dalam Bingkai Maqashid Syariah di Bank Syariah
Authors: Prayogo Harto  , Annisa Fadhillah  , Ahmad Baehaqi
Published: March 2022

The research aims to explore the social disclosure of Islamic banks in Indonesia with an emphasis on aspects of social justice and Maqashid shariah in a long period. The method used is a qualitative case study with a content analysis approach to assess the five themes of disclosure of social justice in the annual report of Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM) in 1999-2018. The results showed the theme of sharia compliance had the highest level of disclosure, while the theme of social project funding had the lowest level of disclosure. In general, BSM has explained the social aspects of the community in the company's annual report. Besides, the five themes of the disclosure have led to the five basic human needs in the Maqashid shariah of Al-Shatibi.

 

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi pengungkapan sosial bank syariah di Indonesia dengan penekanan pada aspek keadilan sosial dan maqashid syariah dalam rentang waktu yang panjang. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif studi kasus dengan pendekatan analisis isi untuk menilai 5 tema pengungkapan keadilan sosial pada laporan tahunan bank syariah mandiri (BSM) tahun 1999-2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tema kepatuhan syariah memiliki tingkat pengungkapan tertinggi, sedangkan tema pendanaan proyek sosial memiliki tingkat pengungkapan terendah. Secara umum, BSM telah menjelaskan aspek sosial masyarakat pada laporan tahunan perusahaan. Selain itu, kelima tema pengungkapan telah mengarah pada lima kebutuhan dasar manusia dalam maqashid syariah Al Syatibi.
Functional Analysis of Anuran Pelvic and Thigh Anatomy Using Musculoskeletal Modelling of Phlyctimantis maculatus
Authors: Collings A. J. , Eberhard E. A. , Basu C. , Richards C. T.
Published: April 2022

Using their abundant musculature, frogs are able to exhibit outstanding behavioural versatility. However, understanding the dynamic motion of their 30 + hindlimb muscles, with multi-joint action, and curved pathways, is challenging. This is particularly true in walking, a relatively understudied, but complex frog gait. Building on prior musculoskeletal modelling work we construct and analyse a 3D musculoskeletal model of the spine, pelvis, and hindlimb of Phlyctimantis maculatus (previously known as Kassina maculata) to simulate the natural motion of muscle pathways as joints rotate during locomotion. Combining experimental kinematics and DICE-CT scan data we use several simulations conducted in MuJoCo to decouple femur and pelvic motions, generating new insights into the functional mechanics of walking in frogs. Outputs demonstrate pelvic lateral rotation about the iliosacral joint influences moment arm magnitude in the majority of hindlimb muscles. The extent of pelvic influence depends on femoral angle which changes muscle function in some instances. The workflow presented here can be used to help experimentalists predict which muscles to probe with in vivo techniques towards a better understanding of how anuran musculoskeletal mechanics enable multiple behaviours.
HyperXpress: Rapid Single Vessel DNA Assembly and Protein Production in Microliterscale
Authors: Zibulski Darius Leon , Schlichting Niels , Kabisch Johannes
Published: April 2022

Rapid prototyping of biological functions has the common aim of generating, screening, and selecting variant libraries as quickly as possible. This approach is now to be extended by the HyperXpress workflow, which connects ligase cycling reaction for DNA assembly, multiply-primed rolling circle amplification for signal amplification, and cell-free protein synthesis to a single vessel reaction in the lower µl scale. After substantial optimization of the method a proof-of-principle demonstrating the high flexibility of HyperXpress for semi-rational protein engineering by expanding, reducing, and replacing β-strands of three different green fluorescent proteins is described. These single-day experiments resulted in six functional, new-to-nature GFP prototypes.
Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Based in vitro Pre-Endothelialization of Human Cell-Derived Biomimetic Regenerative Matrices for Next-Generation Transcatheter Heart Valves Applications
Authors: Motta Sarah E. , Zaytseva Polina , Fioretta Emanuela S. , Lintas Valentina , Breymann Christian , Hoerstrup Simon P. , Emmert Maximilian Y.
Published: March 2022

Hemocompatibility of cardiovascular implants represents a major clinical challenge and, to date, optimal antithrombotic properties are lacking. Next-generation tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHVs) made from human-cell-derived tissue-engineered extracellular matrices (hTEMs) demonstrated their recellularization capacity in vivo and may represent promising candidates to avoid antithrombotic therapy. To further enhance their hemocompatibility, we tested hTEMs pre-endothelialization potential using human-blood-derived endothelial-colony-forming cells (ECFCs) and umbilical vein cells (control), cultured under static and dynamic orbital conditions, with either FBS or hPL. ECFCs performance was assessed via scratch assay, thereby recapitulating the surface damages occurring in transcatheter valves during crimping procedures. Our study demonstrated: feasibility to form a confluent and functional endothelium on hTEMs with expression of endothelium-specific markers; ECFCs migration and confluency restoration after crimping tests; hPL-induced formation of neo-microvessel-like structures; feasibility to pre-endothelialize hTEMs-based TEHVs and ECFCs retention on their surface after crimping. Our findings may stimulate new avenues towards next-generation pre-endothelialized implants with enhanced hemocompatibility, being beneficial for selected high-risk patients.
Construction of Mussel-Inspired Dopamine–Zn2+ Coating on Titanium Oxide Nanotubes to Improve Hemocompatibility, Cytocompatibility, and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Hu Youdong , Zhou Hualan , Liu Tingting , Yang Minhui , Zhang Qiuyang , Pan Changjiang , Lin Jiafeng
Published: March 2022

Zinc ions (Zn2+) are a highly potent bioactive factor with a broad spectrum of physiological functions. In situ continuous and controllable release of Zn2+ from the biomaterials can effectively improve the biocompatibility and antibacterial activity. In the present study, inspired by the adhesion and protein cross-linking in the mussel byssus, with the aim of improving the biocompatibility of titanium, a cost-effective one-step metal–catecholamine assembly strategy was developed to prepare a biomimetic dopamine–Zn2+ (DA-Zn2+) coating by immersing the titanium oxide nanotube (TNT) arrays on the titanium surface prepared by anodic oxidation into an aqueous solution containing dopamine (DA) and zinc ions (Zn2+). The DA-Zn2+ coatings with the different zinc contents exhibited excellent hydrophilicity. Due to the continuous release of zinc ions from the DA-Zn2+ coating, the coated titanium oxide nanotubes displayed excellent hemocompatibility characterized by platelet adhesion and activation and hemolysis assay. Moreover, the DA-Zn2+-coated samples exhibited an excellent ability to enhance endothelial cell (EC) adhesion and proliferation. In addition, the DA-Zn2+ coating can also enhance the antibacterial activity of the nanotubes. Therefore, long-term in situ Zn2+-releasing coating of the present study could serve as the bio-surfaces for long-term prevention of thrombosis, improvement of cytocompatibility to endothelial cells, and antibacterial activity. Due to the easy operation and strong binding ability of the polydopamine on various complicated shapes, the method of the present study can be further applied to other blood contact biomaterials or implantable medical devices to improve the biocompatibility.
The Two-Faced Role of Autophagy in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Fukuda Tomohiko , Wada-Hiraike Osamu
Published: March 2022

Autophagy, meaning “self-eating,” is a cellular catabolic process that involves lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic materials. Autophagy contributes to both quality control and energy supply of cells, which are associated with tumorigenesis and tumor development, respectively. Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic cancer, and its incidence is increasing. Although autophagy plays crucial roles in several types of cancer, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, its role in EC has not been clearly demonstrated. Activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which functions to suppress autophagy, is an initial step in type 1 endometrial carcinogenesis, whereas a loss-of-function mutation of TP53, which augments autophagy via p16 induction, is the main cause of type 2 endometrial carcinogenesis. Mutations in autophagy-related genes, including ATG4C, RB1CC1/FIP200, and ULK4, have been reported in EC; thus, an aberrant autophagy mechanism may be involved in endometrial carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the biguanide diabetes drug metformin, treatment with which enhances autophagy via AMPK-mediated mTOR inactivation, has been reported to reduce the risk of EC. These findings suggest that autophagy negatively regulates endometrial carcinogenesis, and autophagy inducers may be useful for chemoprevention of EC. In contrast, autophagy appears to promote EC once it is established. Consistent with this, treatment with chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, is reported to attenuate EC cell proliferation. Moreover, chemotherapy-induced autophagy triggers chemoresistance in EC cells. As autophagy has a tumor-promoting function, the combination of chemotherapy and autophagy inhibitors such as chloroquine could be a potent therapeutic option for patients with EC. In conclusion, autophagy plays a dual role in the prevention and treatment of EC. Therefore, targeting autophagy to prevent and treat EC requires diametrically opposed strategies.
Plasmalogens Regulate Retinal Connexin 43 Expression and Müller Glial Cells Gap Junction Intercellular Communication and Migration
Authors: Karadayi Rémi , Mazzocco Julie , Leclere Laurent , Buteau Bénédicte , Gregoire Stéphane , Belloir Christine , Koudsi Mounzer , Bessard Pauline , Bizeau Jean-Baptiste , Dubus Elisabeth , Fenech Claire , Briand Loïc , Bretillon Lionel , Bron Alain M. , Fioramonti Xavier , Acar Niyazi
Published: March 2022

Plasmalogens are a specific glycerophospholipid subtype characterized by a vinyl-ether bound at their sn-1 moiety. Their biosynthesis is initiated in the peroxisome by dihydroxyacetone phosphate-acyltransferase (DHAPAT), which is encoded by the DAPAT gene. Previous studies have shown that plasmalogen-deficient mice exhibit major physiological dysfunctions including several eye defects, among which abnormal vascular development of the retina and a reactive activation of macroglial Müller cells. Interestingly, plasmalogen deficiency in mice is also associated with a reduced expression of brain connexin 43 (Cx43). Cx43 is the main connexin subtype of retinal glial cells and is involved in several cellular mechanisms such as calcium-based gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) or cell migration. Thus, the aim of our work was 1) to confirm the alteration of Cx43 expression in the retina of plasmalogen-deficient DAPAT−/- mice and 2) to investigate whether plasmalogens are involved in crucial functions of Müller cells such as GJIC and cell migration. First, we found that plasmalogen deficiency was associated with a significant reduction of Cx43 expression in the retina of DAPAT−/- mice in vivo. Secondly, using a siRNA targeting DHAPAT in vitro, we found that a 50%-reduction of Müller cells content in plasmalogens was sufficient to significantly downregulate Cx43 expression, while increasing its phosphorylation. Furthermore, plasmalogen-depleted Müller cells exhibited several alterations in ATP-induced GJIC, such as calcium waves of higher amplitude that propagated slower to neighboring cells, including astrocytes. Finally, in vitro plasmalogen depletion was also associated with a significant downregulation of Müller cells migration. Taken together, these data confirm that plasmalogens are critical for the regulation of Cx43 expression and for characteristics of retinal Müller glial cells such as GJIC and cell migration.
Cas13d: A New Molecular Scissor for Transcriptome Engineering
Authors: Gupta Rahul , Ghosh Arijit , Chakravarti Rudra , Singh Rajveer , Ravichandiran Velayutham , Swarnakar Snehasikta , Ghosh Dipanjan
Published: March 2022

The discovery of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and its associated Cas endonucleases in bacterial and archaeal species allowed scientists to modify, utilized, and revolutionize this tool for genetic alterations in any species. Especially the type II CRISPR-Cas9 system has been extensively studied and utilized for precise and efficient DNA manipulation in plant and mammalian systems over the past few decades. Further, the discovery of the type V CRISPR-Cas12 (Cpf1) system provides more flexibility and precision in DNA manipulation in prokaryotes, plants, and animals. However, much effort has been made to employ and utilize the above CRISPR tools for RNA manipulation but the ability of Cas9 and Cas12 to cut DNA involves the nuisance of off-target effects on genes and thus may not be employed in all RNA-targeting applications. Therefore, the search for new and diverse Cas effectors which can precisely detect and manipulate the targeted RNA begins and this led to the discovery of a novel RNA targeting class 2, type VI CRISPR-Cas13 system. The CRISPR-Cas13 system consists of single RNA-guided Cas13 effector nucleases that solely target single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) in a programmable way without altering the DNA. The Cas13 effectors family comprises four subtypes (a-d) and each subtype has distinctive primary sequence divergence except the two consensuses Higher eukaryotes and prokaryotes nucleotide-binding domain (HEPN) that includes RNase motifs i.e. R-X4-6-H. These two HEPN domains are solely responsible for executing targetable RNA cleavage activity with high efficiency. Further, recent studies have shown that Cas13d exhibits higher efficiency and specificity in cleaving targeted RNA in the mammalian system compared to other Cas13 endonucleases of the Cas13 enzyme family. In addition to that, Cas13d has shown additional advantages over other Cas13 variants, structurally as well as functionally which makes it a prominent and superlative tool for RNA engineering and editing. Therefore considering the advantages of Cas13d over previously characterized Cas13 subtypes, in this review, we encompass the structural and mechanistic properties of type VI CRISPR-Cas13d systems, an overview of the current reported various applications of Cas13d, and the prospects to improve Cas13d based tools for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
KIZ/GM114 Balances the NF-ĸB Signaling by Antagonizing the Association of TRAF2/6 With Their Upstream Adaptors
Authors: Sun Jiawei , Yang Qili , Liu Enping , Chen Dahua , Sun Qinmiao
Published: March 2022

NF-κB signaling is a pivotal regulator of the inflammatory response and it must be tightly controlled to avoid an excessive inflammatory response that may lead to human chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Thus, how NF-κB signaling is precisely controlled is a long-standing question in the field. TRAF family proteins function as key adaptors to mediate NF-κB signaling induced by various receptors. Here, we characterize KIZ/GM114 as a negative regulator balancing the NF-κB signaling. Mechanistically, KIZ/GM114 binds TRAF6/2 by targeting the TRAF domains to antagonize the TRAF6-IRAK1 association or the TRAF2-TRADD association, consequently reducing the IL-1β/LPS/TNFα-induced NF-κB activation. Importantly, upon dextran sulfate sodium treatment, Gm114 deficiency induces a stronger inflammatory response, more severe acute colitis and lower survival rate in mice compared with control mice. Collectively, our study not only identifies KIZ/GM114 as a negative regulator to balance the NF-κB signaling, but it also implies a new strategy for limiting excessive inflammatory response.
Pd@Py2PZ@MSN as a Novel and Efficient Catalyst for C–C Bond Formation Reactions
Authors: Sayahi Mohammad Hosein , Toosibashi Mansoureh , Bahmaei Mehdi , Lijan Hosein , Ma'Mani Leila , Mahdavi Mohammad , Bahadorikhalili Saeed
Published: March 2022

In this study, a novel catalyst is introduced based on the immobilization of palladium onto dipyrido (3,2-a:2′,3′-c) phenazine–modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The dipyrido (3,2-a:2′,3′-c) phenazine (Py2PZ) ligand is synthesized in a simple method from the reaction of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione and 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid as starting materials. The ligand is used to functionalize mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and modify their surface chemistry for the immobilization of palladium. The palladium-immobilized dipyrido (3,2-a:2′,3′-c) phenazine–modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Pd@Py2PZ@MSNs) are synthesized and characterized by several characterization techniques, including TEM, SEM, FT-IR, TGA, ICP, XRD, and EDS analyses. After the careful characterization of Pd@Py2PZ@MSNs, the activity and efficiency of this catalyst is examined in carbon–carbon bond formation reactions. The results are advantageous in water and the products are obtained in high isolated yields. In addition, the catalyst showed very good reusability and did not show significant loss in activity after 10 sequential runs.
Role of the Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19
Authors: De Rituparna , Dutta Shanta
Published: March 2022

The ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease COVID-19 is caused by the highly contagious single-stranded RNA virus, SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has a high rate of evolution like other RNA viruses. The first genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were available in early 2020. Subsequent whole-genome sequencing revealed that the virus had accumulated several mutations in genes associated with viral replication and pathogenesis. These variants showed enhanced transmissibility and infectivity. Soon after the first outbreak due to the wild-type strain in December 2019, a genetic variant D614G emerged in late January to early February 2020 and became the dominant genotype worldwide. Thereafter, several variants emerged, which were found to harbor mutations in essential viral genes encoding proteins that could act as drug and vaccine targets. Numerous vaccines have been successfully developed to assuage the burden of COVID-19. These have different rates of efficacy, including, although rarely, a number of vaccinated individuals exhibiting side effects like thrombosis. However, the recent emergence of the Britain strain with 70% more transmissibility and South African variants with higher resistance to vaccines at a time when several countries have approved these for mass immunization has raised tremendous concern regarding the long-lasting impact of currently available prophylaxis. Apart from studies addressing the pathophysiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic targets of SARS-CoV-2, analysis of the gut, oral, nasopharyngeal, and lung microbiome dysbiosis has also been undertaken to find a link between the microbiome and the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Therefore, in the current scenario of skepticism regarding vaccine efficacy and challenges over the direct effects of currently available drugs looming large, investigation of alternative therapeutic avenues based on the microbiome can be a rewarding finding. This review presents the currently available understanding of microbiome dysbiosis and its association with cause and consequence of COVID-19. Taking cues from other inflammatory diseases, we propose a hypothesis of how the microbiome may be influencing homeostasis, pro-inflammatory condition, and the onset of inflammation. This accentuates the importance of a healthy microbiome as a protective element to prevent the onset of COVID-19. Finally, the review attempts to identify areas where the application of microbiome research can help in reducing the burden of the disease.
Visual Identification and Serotyping of Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae Serogroups O1 and O139 With CARID
Authors: Lu Pan , Chen Jialiang , Li Zhenpeng , Li Zhe , Zhang Jingyun , Kan Biao , Pang Bo
Published: March 2022

There is a growing demand for rapid, sensitive, field-deployable nucleic acid tests for cholera, which usually occurs in rural areas. In this study, we developed a Cas12a-assisted rapid isothermal detection (CARID) system for the detection of toxigenic V. cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 by combining recombinase-aided amplification and CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins). The results can be determined by fluorescence signal and visualized by lateral flow dipstick. We identified 154 V. cholerae strains and 129 strains of other intestinal diarrheagenic bacteria with a 100% coincidence rate. The limit of detection of CARID was 20 copies/reaction of V. cholerae genomic DNA, which is comparable to that of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and qPCR. Multiple-CARID was also established for efficiency and economic considerations with an acceptable decrease in sensitivity. Simulated sample tests showed that CARID is suitable for complex samples. In conclusion, CARID is a rapid, sensitive, economically efficient, and portable method for the detection of V. cholerae, which makes it suitable for field responses to cholera.
Inverted Takotsubo Syndrome With HELLP Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Gabarre Paul , Ruiz Pablo , Chenevier-Gobeaux Camille , Charpentier Etienne , Soulat-Dufour Laurie , Cohen Ariel , Monnier-Cholley Laurence , Chemali Lotfi , François Hélène , Kerneis Mathieu , Lefèvre Guillaume , Boissan Mathieu
Published: March 2022

Background

Takotsubo syndrome is an acute cardiac condition involving sudden, transient apical ballooning of the left ventricle of the heart that may be triggered by emotional stress and some non-cardiac conditions. Its diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, electrocardiogram, cardiac imaging and biomarkers.

Case Summary

Here, we present a novel and original case report of a patient presenting very soon in the post-partum period with an unusual form of Takotsubo syndrome without clinical symptoms of cardiac disease and accompanied by HELLP syndrome. The overall dynamics of the changes in troponin I, troponin T and NT-proBNP levels after delivery were generally similar, but the amount of troponin I was much greater than that of troponin T and troponin I was already elevated before delivery. NT-proBNP levels peaked around the same time as the troponins and the peak concentration was within the same range as that of troponin I.

Discussion

Our findings indicate that assaying circulating cardiac biomarkers, especially troponin I and NT-proBNP, may be a useful complement to non-invasive cardiac imaging including transthoracic echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, in the diagnosis of Takotsubo syndrome. They illustrate the importance of cardiac biomarkers in assisting diagnosis of this disease.
Cardiovascular Imaging for Systemic Sclerosis Monitoring and Management
Authors: Glynn Peter , Hale Sarah , Hussain Tasmeen , Freed Benjamin H.
Published: March 2022

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex connective tissue disease with multiple clinical and subclinical cardiac manifestations. SSc can affect most structural components of the heart, including the pericardium, myocardium, valves, and conduction system through a damaging cycle of inflammation, ischemia, and fibrosis. While cardiac involvement is the second leading SSc-related cause of death, it is frequently clinically silent in early disease and often missed with routine screening. To facilitate identification of cardiac disease in this susceptible population, we present here a review of cardiac imaging modalities and potential uses in the SSc patient population. We describe well-characterized techniques including electrocardiography and 2D echocardiography with Doppler, but also discuss more advanced imaging approaches, such as speckle-tracking echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), and stress imaging, among others. We also suggest an algorithm for the appropriate application of these modalities in the workup and management of patients with SSc. Finally, we discuss future opportunities for cardiac imaging in SSc research to achieve early detection and to optimize treatment.