bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DYNAMICS AND INDICATORS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL JOURNAL «BULLETIN OF CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL MEDICINE» OVER 5 YEARS (from 2018 to 2022)
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, AMIROV NAIL B., , VIZEL ALEXANDER A. ,   Kazan State Medical University, KIM ZULFIA F. ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 7, Kazan, AMIROVA RENATA N. ,   Department of international of the journal «The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine», Kazan, AMIRKHANOVA SURIYA V. ,   Department of international of the journal «The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine», Kazan, DAMINOVA MARIA A. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy, KHAIRULLINA ALINA I. ,   Department of international of the journal «The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine», Kazan
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. In 2022, 15 years have passed, since the publication of the first issue of the journal of «Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine» in november 2008. Aim. To analyze the dynamics of the development of the journal «Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine» for a 5-year period, from 2018 to 2022, taking into account the materials of the previous analysis 2008-2018. Material and methods. A comparative analysis of all issues of the journal «Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine» issued during the study period. All documents and resources accompanying the journal were studied, including the journal website, the platforms https://e-library.ru and https://cyberleninka.ru, as well as the previous analysis published in issue 1 for 2018 (https://www.elibrary .ru/contents.asp?id=34834823). When studying the journal materials, the recommendations of the National Bibliographic Science Citation Database (RSCI), the Higher Attestation Commission under the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Association of Science Editors and Publishers, and experts from the Scopus and Web of Science databases were taken into account. Results and discussion. Over the period covered by the journal more than 2,000 scientific papers were published under all the main headings of the journal. Among more than 2000 authors, scientists from various regions and cities of the Russian Federation prevailed, from more than 15 countries of the far and neighboring countries. According to the RSCI data for 2021 published on the e-library platform the impact factor of the journal was: two-year impact factor, taking into account citations from all sources = 0,592; five-year impact factor = 0,458. Among the journals on the subject of «Medicine and Healthcare» journal ranks 32nd out of 599 medical journals (SCIENCE INDEX) and 214th place out of 4258 scientific journals (overall rating of scientific journals, the index of the journal in the ranking = 1,838). Conclusion. The journal «Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine» is a highly significant, rapidly developing mass media on the subject of «Medicine and Healthcare». The strategy and dynamics of the journal’s development is assessed as positive.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE TECHNIQUES TO TREAT THE COMPLICATIONS OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, CHIKAEV VYACHESLAV F.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. Hollow organ perforations accompanying pancreatic necrosis are a severe complication. In this case, surgical intervention is limited to a degree due to the extensive process in the upper abdomen and the patient’s functional condition. Aim. To share our experience in the minimally invasive repair of gastric perforation in a case series of severely infected pancreatic necroses and retroperitoneal phlegmons. Materials and Methods. We analyzed a case series in our clinic over 5 years, including the necrotizing forms of acute pancreatitis with complications, such as acute perforations of hollow organs. This paper describes the minimally invasive surgeries we performed to treat perforations in upper abdominal. Results and Discussion. In 3 of 4 cases in our clinic, acute perforations of the upper gastrointestinal tract developed along with necrotizing pancreatitis were successfully released using the minimally invasive approach. Conclusions. Hollow organ perforation is one of the most severe complications of infected pancreatic necrosis resulting from the aggressive effects of pancreatic secretion. In this case, the tactical approach depends on the nature and localization of perforation, the course of pancreatic necrosis, and the patient’s functional condition. For perforation of acute gastric ulcers, it is technically possible to use a minimally invasive approach using endoscopic clips, which has been successfully demonstrated in our clinic. We hope that our experience will allow avoiding extended operations in this category of patients.
Identification of mental model and prediction of class XII high school students on the topic of convection heat transfer
Authors: Nurjanah Widia Linta , Sari Ika Mustika , Saepuzaman Duden
Published: June 2024

Mental models have an important role in the learning process because learning in general can be seen as mental modeling. The purpose of this study is to identify students' mental models and identify the relationship between mental models and prediction ability on the topic of convection heat transfer. The sample of this study was 15 on 12th-grade high school students, 8 male students and 7 female students. The students came from three different schools, namely from Tasikmalaya district, Ciamis district, and Banjar City. Sampling was done by purposive sampling with the characteristics of students who have studied heat and students who have high cognitive process abilities in their respective schools. Data collection was done by semi-structured interviews with the type of questions in the form of content and prediction. Data analysis is done by constant comparative method. The results of this study show that there are no students who have a scientific mental model. Five types of mental models were found, including unclear model, convection is a continuation of conduction, convection that does not change density, convection for evaporation, and model 3. In addition, the relationship between prediction and mental model was classified as complex. This is due to students who predict without using their mental models. Knowing the diverse mental models of students, educators become more knowledgeable about the level of representation of each student. So that educators can prepare appropriate learning strategies in order to construct students' mental models.
Innovative approach: Teachers’ perceptions of implementation Merdeka Belajar Curriculum in physics education
Authors: Puteri Alfini Yunita , Safitri Afaurina Indriana , Sherliyanti Yeni , Qiro’ah Innita Fashihatul , Mustafaroh Vinka Amalia , Admoko Setyo , Suliyanah Suliyanah , Sucahyo Imam
Published: June 2024

These various perceptions emerged both positive and negative perceptions regarding the implementation of the latest curriculum, namely the Merdeka Belajar curriculum. The purpose of writing this scientific article is to explore various teachers' perceptions regarding the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar curriculum in physics subjects. The research was conducted at one of the state high schools in the Surabaya area. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach with a case study method. The data collection technique was carried out using purposive sampling and data triangulation as an analysis technique. This research includes the perceptions of physics teachers regarding the implementation of the Merdeka curriculum. There were positive and negative responses conveyed by the teachers. The shortcomings of the Merdeka curriculum implemented in schools are that teachers are still unable to adapt to the relatively new Merdeka curriculum and there is still a lack of information and references regarding the Merdeka curriculum teaching modules. The solution that can be applied to overcome this problem is that schools must pay more attention to teachers by holding more frequent training activities in preparing learning devices, providing access to training in using technology-based learning support media, and restructuring schedules for implementing P5 activities to be more optimal. The implementation of the Merdeka curriculum in this school has resulted in many teachers' perceptions of creating learning tools that are in accordance with this new curriculum. Apart from that, P5 activities with 12 more hours than other subjects make students take these activities more lightly.
Exploration of computational thinking skills: A case study of islamic senior high school students
Authors: Amrizaldi Amrizaldi , Yuliati Lia , Supriana Edi , Diantoro Markus , Halim Lilia
Published: June 2024

This study aims to identify madrasah students' Computational Thinking (CT) skills on temperature and heat material. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method using 5 CT-test essay questions to 53 grade XI IPA one of the Islamic Senior High School in Probolinggo. Data analysis techniques in research consist of 3 stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. Data analysis showed indicators of students' CT skills on a scale of 5 consisting of decomposition 3.90, recognition pattern 3.63, abstraction 2.83, and algorithm 2.37. Based on the study’s results, it can be concluded that the CT skills of the Islamic Senior High School in Probolinggo at temperature and heat are included in the medium category. Several indicators of CT skills are still challenging for students, especially in developing algorithms and abstractions. Some students need help identifying the steps to solve complex problems in understanding abstraction concepts and algorithms. In this case, practice, intensive tutoring, and student collaboration can help improve students' skills to overcome these difficulties.
Scaffolding as a cognitive load reduction strategy for teaching atomic and nuclear physics
Authors: Appiah-Twumasi Eric
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the effectiveness of scaffolding as a cognitive load reduction strategy for teaching Atomic and Nuclear Physics. This study was carried out with the participation of university physics students (n = 20) enrolled in the B.Sc. Physics Education Programme.  A quasi-experimental one-group pre-test-post-test design was used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data on physics students’ conceptual understanding and learning dispositions about Atomic and Nuclear Physics. The intervention consisted of a university academic calendar of one semester (2022-2023) using scaffolding as a cognitive load reduction strategy. The baseline assessment revealed that the respondents had incorrect, partial, and no knowledge of electron transition and radioactivity-related concepts. However, the post-test analysis revealed a mean score of 7.22 (SD = 0.31) that can be considered significant (p < 0.05) and a large effect of 0.79 on the conceptual understanding of the participants in Atomic and Nuclear Physics. The study findings also revealed that the participants' factual, conceptual, procedural, and meta-cognition about Atomic and Nuclear Physics improved after using scaffolding as a cognitive load reduction strategy. The results further revealed an improved learning disposition about Atomic and Nuclear Physics among the participants after the intervention.  The participants articulated, among others, that the use of scaffolds as a cognitive load reduction strategy stimulated their interests, made the topic more enjoyable, and reduced their sense of hopelessness. The author accordingly recommends scaffolding as a cognitive load reduction strategy to physics educators for effective teaching and learning in the context of Atomic and Nuclear Physics.
Conflict between physical analysis and mathematics causing failure: A case on diode circuits
Authors: Kurniadi Erawan , Hidayat Arif , Handayanto Supriyono Koes , Supriana Edi , Mayasari Tantri
Published: June 2024

This study aims to describe the causes of students' failures in solving diode circuit problems. Research data were obtained through tests, dialogs, and interviews with 12 students of the physics education study program at Universitas PGRI Madiun. The research began by providing diode circuit test questions. Referring to the answers to the diode circuit test questions, an investigation was conducted through a basic circuit mastery test, followed by dialogs and interviews. The data from the test results, dialogs, and interviews in this study led to the conclusion that the common causes of students' failures in solving diode circuit problems are the inability to apply Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's law correctly, as well as the inconsistency and lack of systematic application of basic circuit concepts. A specific finding regarding the causes of failure in solving diode circuit problems is the conflict between physical and mathematical analyses. Based on the common causes of students' failures in solving diode circuit problems, a series of conceptual scaffolding needs to be designed. In conceptual scaffolding, complex circuits are transformed into several basic circuits to facilitate scaffolding for each basic concept. Procedural scaffolding needs to be designed to address failures resulting from the conflict between physical and mathematical analyses. One necessary step in procedural scaffolding is confirming answers using Kirchhoff's law.
Distance and displacement inventory: Construction, validation and structural analysis
Authors: Jufriadi Akhmad , Sutopo Sutopo , Kusairi Sentot , Sunaryono Sunaryono , Chusniyah Dina Asmaul , Ayu Hena Dian
Published: June 2024

This research aims to develop an instrument for assessing understanding distance and displacement concepts. Distance and Displacement Inventory (DDI) is an instrument constructed in multi-representations, including picture, table, graphic, mathematical, and verbal representations. This instrument is in multiple-choice format with ten questions to assess students' understanding of distance traveled and displacement. DDI development refers to R&D design by Borg&Gall and test development flowchart by Beichner. DDI was applied to 357 students in Indonesia who had taken introductory physics courses. Student answers were analyzed to determine the DDI's psychometric properties and structural analysis. The analysis results show that the DDI is adequate for assessing students' understanding of travel distance and displacement concepts. Meanwhile, the structural analysis of students' knowledge results shows that students have different perceptions of each question item according to their representation. Furthermore, students who understand the concept of distance traveled and displacement in one representation may need help understanding it correctly in another representation. This research implies the necessity of designing learning designs based on multi-representations and teaching students about the changes between these representations.
What do my students need? Deep analysis of student's individual cognitive ability using person diagnostic map
Authors: Sukarelawan Moh. Irma , Indratno Toni Kus , Widodo Widodo , Dwijananti Pratiwi , Hikmah Fitri Nur , Abdullah Nurul Syafiqah Yap
Published: June 2024

This research aims to evaluate students' conceptual understanding in the field of physics, focusing on the concepts of heat and temperature, using the Person Diagnostic Map (PKMAPs) approach. This method allows individual assessment of students' conceptual understanding, going beyond the limitations of conventional analysis methods that focus on groups. This research used a survey involving eight students from a private university in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data was collected through a multiple-choice test of 20 items, processed using Ms. Excel and Winsteps 4.6.1. The research results show that PKMAPs are effective in identifying individual student understanding, including detecting "correct" response patterns resulting from guessing or cheating, as well as "incorrect" response patterns caused by incompetence or inaccuracy. This information allows educators to determine appropriate teaching methods, including remediation, re-teaching, or enrichment, according to each student's individual needs. This research concludes that using the Person Diagnostic Map in the context of physics education provides a more personal and effective approach to analyzing students' conceptual understanding. This method provides deeper insight into students' individual strengths and weaknesses, facilitating more focused and effective learning planning.
Revolutionizing Crystal Guava Production through Six Sigma and Kaizen Insights
Authors: Mauli Fajar Dwi , Cahyana Atikha Sidhi , Sukmono Tedjo , Jakaria Ribangun Bamban
Published: June 2024

This study addresses the quality issues in crystal guava production at UD Bumiaji Sejahtera using the Six Sigma and Kaizen methodologies. By analyzing factors like non-uniform maturity, black spots, fruit rot, shape defects, and seed defects, this research aims to identify key areas for improvement. Results indicate that non-uniform maturity contributes significantly to defects, highlighting the need for improved pest control, efficient application methods, regular maintenance, material inspection, and enhanced standards for farmers and agricultural workers. These findings offer practical insights for enhancing crystal guava production quality and reducing defects at UD Bumiaji Sejahtera.
 
Highlight: 
Six Sigma and Kaizen for Crystal Guava Quality Enhancement.
Non-uniform Maturity Identified as Key Defect Contributor.
Recommendations: Improved Pest Control, Application Methods, and Standards for Farmers.
 
 
Keyword:  Crystal Guava Production, Six Sigma, Kaizen, Quality Improvement, Defect Reduction
Overcoming Boredom with a Better Work Environment in Indonesia
Authors: Afiyanto Muhammad Alfin , Putra Boy Isma
Published: June 2024

CV. Lima Cahaya, a printing services company, faced a significant increase in employee-related complaints from 2021 to 2022, primarily due to lack of thoroughness linked to boredom. This study aimed to analyze the impact of physical and non-physical work environments and psychological conditions on employee boredom. Using a questionnaire completed by 20 employees and analyzed through multiple linear regression and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA), results showed that improvements in the work environment significantly reduce boredom (Y=0.721+0.547X1+0.339X2+0.088X3). The high satisfaction levels (above 80%) indicate that the current environment meets employee expectations, providing insights for management to enhance employee performance and reduce complaints.   Highlight:  Complaint Rise: 37% increase in employee complaints due to boredom. Influential Factors: Work environment and psychological conditions affect employee boredom. High Satisfaction: IPA shows over 80% satisfaction with current work conditions.     Keyword:  printing services, employee boredom, work environment, multiple linear regression, Importance Performance Analysis
Porcine placenta extract promotes keratinocyte and fibroblast activities via ERK AKT and JNK growth signaling pathways
Authors: Nensat Chatchai , Songjang Worawat , Jantra Jeranan , Kijchalao Nutthamon , Tohtong Rutaiwan , Suthiphongchai Tuangporn , Phimsen Suchada , Rattanasinganchan Panthip , Metheenukul Pornphimon , Janvilisri Tavan , Moolthiya Penpak , Sopitthummakhun Kittipat , Jiraviriyakul Arunya
Published: June 2024

Background: Porcine Placenta Extract (PPE) has been disclosed as a biological protein-enriched compound, whereas it has been declared the stimulatory effects on cell proliferation, cell migration, angiogenesis, and various cellular mechanisms. The fibroblast and keratinocyte are epidermal cells involve in granulation tissue formation and re-epithelialization. The homeostasis of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition/degradation also attributes wound completion by regulation of ECM protein constitution and matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activities. This study aims to investigate the stimulatory effect of PPE on keratinocyte/fibroblast proliferation and migration including MMPs and ECM protein expression.
Methods: The human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and human fibroblast cell line (Hs 895.Sk) were cultured with various PPE concentration and investigated cell proliferation, cell migration, MMP gene expression and ECM proteins’ gene expression by MTT assay, scratching wound assay, and qRT-PCR, respectively. ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, Akt, p-Akt, JNK, p-JNK, and cyclin-D1 were also investigated by Western blot analysis. LY294002, PD98059, and SP600125, in which inhibitors were utilized to confirm the underlying signaling pathway of PPE stimulation. Jcl:SD rat were generated a wound and applied topical PPE with various concentration. The wound biopsy and histological staining with Masson’s trichrome were performed to investigate granulation tissue appearance. All In Vivo procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee for the Use of Animals of the Naresuan University (NU-AE630609).
Results: PPE statistically significantly increased keratinocyte/fibroblast proliferation and migration with dose dependent manner. PPE 10 µg/mL statistically significantly enhanced MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-10, and MMP-14 gene expression in keratinocyte. PPE 50 µg/mL also increased MMP-2, MMP-20, and MMP-14 including α-SMA, fibronectin, collagen I, and collagen III gene expression with statistically significant difference. PPE can activate phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Akt, and JNK including cyclin-D1 expression. Interestingly, PPE also stimulate granulation tissue appearance.
Conclusion: PPE stimulated fibroblast/keratinocyte proliferation and migration through JNK, ERK1/2, and Akt pathway. PPE also activated MMP gene expression either keratinocyte or fibroblast and stimulated ECM protein gene expression in fibroblast. Consequently, PPE provides the potential as a complementary treatment to improve delayed wound healing and prevent scar/keloid formation.
Perioperative Anesthesia management for Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome in resource limited area. A case report
Authors: Abebe Minda , Yinges Mengistu , Besha Aschalew , Wale Endeshaw
Published: June 2024

The Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome is a clinical illness characterized by tachycardia and ECG manifestations of a short PR interval and normal QRS duration. Although the incidence is thought to be less than one in a million, it is very fatal if it does occur. Interdepartmental communication is very important for that symptomatically as well high risk for LGL patients. Malignant hyperthermia is one feared anesthesia related complication in patent with LGL syndrome, so that any triggering factor like sux and halogenated inhalational anesthetic agent must be avoided. Therefore, every clinician should consider this complication in patients with abnormal electrocardiographic findings; especially normal QRS complex is accompanied with short PR interval and tachycardia. Case presentation: 45 years old para 3 gravida 4 mother’s present with the diagnosis of APM secondary to huge 20cm x 21cm subserous myoma. She also had mild mitral regurgitation and LGL syndrome schedule for the procedure of total abdominal hysterectomy. Previously she had one cesarean section 10 years back for indication of failed induction under spinal anesthesia. She had shortness of breathing when she lies on supine position and also had palpitation, shortness of breathing and syncope during exercise. Otherwise she had no history of other chronic medical illness like diabetic mellitus and asthma and hypertension. Conclusion: Patients with LGL syndrome can be successfully managed with adequate preoperative planning, appropriate selection of safe anesthetic agent and anesthesia plan, cautious intraoperative monitoring, minimizing of factors that can trigger perioperative tachyarrhythmia, malignant hyperthermia, and cardiac arrest as well as effective management of postoperative pain.
Chondroblastoma of the femoral head: Curettage without dislocation
Authors: Yang Di , Ouyang Haiping , Zhou Ziyu , Wang Zhongliang
Published: June 2024

Background: Chondroblastoma (CBL)of femoral head is a rare disease, and its treatment is still controversial. The purpose of this research is to share our experience in curettage without dislocation for femoral head chondroblastoma.
Methods: A total of 7 children diagnosed with chondroblastoma of the femoral head underwent a surgical procedure involving curettage, the application of anhydrous alcohol as an adjuvant therapy, and subsequent bone grafting. The epiphyseal plate status of the femoral head was categorized as open, closing, or closed. To assess the children's postoperative functional outcome, the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) scoring system was employed. Additionally, the Lodwick classification served to evaluate the extent of bone destruction. Furthermore, the kappa coefficient was utilized to quantify the level of agreement among observers in assessing the status of the epiphyseal plate.
Results: The epiphyseal plate status was closing in two patients and closed in five patients. According to the Lodwick classification, three patients were classified as IA, one as IB, and three as IC. The mean MSTS score was 27.86. Notably, one patient sustained a femoral neck fracture three months post-curettage.
Conclusions: Curettage without surgical dislocation, combined with the use of anhydrous alcohol as an adjuvant therapy, followed by bone grafting, constitutes an effective treatment technique for femoral head chondroblastoma (CBL).
Enhancing Vascularized Composite Allograft Supercooling Preservation: A Multifaceted Approach with CPA Optimization, Thermal Tracking, and Stepwise Loading Techniques
Authors: von Reiterdank Irina Filz , Dinicu Antonia T. , Cetrulo Curtis L. , Coert J.H. , Molen Aebele B. Mink van der , Uygun Korkut
Published: June 2024

Vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) present unique challenges in transplant medicine, owing to their complex structure and vulnerability to ischemic injury. Innovative preservation techniques are crucial for extending the viability of these grafts, from procurement to transplantation. This study addresses these challenges by integrating cryoprotectant agent (CPA) optimization, advanced thermal tracking, and stepwise CPA loading strategies within an ex vivo rodent model. CPA optimization focused on various combinations, identifying those that effectively suppress ice nucleation while mitigating cytotoxicity. Thermal dynamics were monitored using invasive thermocouples and non-invasive FLIR imaging, yielding detailed temperature profiles crucial for managing warm ischemia time and optimizing cooling rates. The efficacy of stepwise CPA loading versus conventional flush protocols demonstrated that stepwise (un)loading significantly improved arterial resistance and weight change outcomes. In summary, this study presents comprehensive advancements in VCA preservation strategies, combining CPA optimization, precise thermal monitoring, and stepwise loading techniques. These findings hold potential implications for refining transplantation protocols and improving graft viability in VCA transplantation.
Clinical analysis of epidemiological characteristics and risk factors related to severe cases of 876 children with pulmonary tuberculosis in a children hospital of Chongqing, China.
Authors: Zheng Gaihuan , Tang Longjie , Long Xiaoru , Peng Xiaoshan , Xu Hongmei , Zhao Ruiqiu
Published: June 2024

Objective：By analyzing the epidemiological data of 876 children with Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) and the risk factors of severe case.
Methods: Retrospective analyzed the epidemiological related clinical data of 876 hospitalized children who were first diagnosed or clinically diagnosed with PTB at a Children's Hospital of Chongqing China from January 2016 to December 2020.
Results: There were a total of 454 (51.83% ) cases with combined extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Hospitalization time ranged from 1 to 124 days, with a median length of 12 days and a inter-quartile range of 8 to 18 days. Gender distribution was that 479 (54.68%)cases were males and 397(45.32%)cases were females , with a male to female ratio of 1.21:1. The urban and rural distribution was that 431 (49.20%) cases were from city and 445(50.80%) cases were from countryside. The characteristic of age composition was that children over 3 years old had the most cases, with the main age range of 7-12 years old being 262 cases, followed by 12-15 years old with 206 cases(P<0.05). There were 285 (32.53%) cases with clear histories of tuberculosis exposure, and a higher proportion of children under 7 years old having a history of tuberculosis exposure, especially in the 0-1 year old age group (P<0.05). Among the 876 children with PTB, 768 (87.67%) cases had history of BCG vaccination, 59 (6.74%) cases had no vaccination history, and 49 (5.59%) cases had unknown vaccination history. The BCG vaccination rate difference was statistically significant in various years (c2=16.689, P=0.034). Through multiple factor binary logistic regression analysis, age<3 years old, residing in rural areas, not receiving BCG vaccine or unknown vaccination history were independent risk factors for the occurrence of severe PTB (P<0.05).
Conclusions:This study showed that Children with PTB combined with extrapulmonary tuberculosis were common. In the 876 cases of tuberculosis in children, female cases more than male, rural cases more than urban. The younger children with tuberculosis, the more clear open tuberculosis contact history could be found. Age<3 years old, residing in rural areas, and not receiving BCG vaccination were independent risk factors for the occurrence of severe tuberculosis.
Blood Vessel Wall Shear Stress Determines Regions of Liposome Accumulation in Angiogenic Vasculature
Authors: Gomez-Garcia M. Juliana , Abdelkarim Mahmoud , Cramb David T. , Childs Sarah J. , Rinker Kristina D. , Labouta Hagar I.
Published: June 2024

Nanoparticles used for drug delivery often require intravenous administration exposing them to fluid forces within the vasculature, yet the impact of blood flow on nanoparticle delivery remains incompletely understood. Here, we utilized transgenic zebrafish embryos to investigate the relationship between the accumulation of fluorescently labeled PEGylated liposomes and various hemodynamic factors (such as flow velocity, wall shear stress (WSS), and flow pattern) across a wide range of angiogenic blood vessels. We reconstructed 3D models of vascular structures from confocal images and used computational fluid dynamics to calculate local WSS, velocities, and define flow patterns. The spatial distribution of fluorescently labeled liposomes was subsequently mapped within the same 3D space and correlated with local hemodynamic parameters. Through the integration of computational fluid dynamics and in vivo experimentation, we show that liposomes accumulated in vessel regions with WSS between 0.1–0.8 Pa, displaying an inverse linear correlation (R2 > 0.85) between time-average wall shear stress and liposome localization in vivo. Interestingly, flow pattern did not appear to impact liposome accumulation. Collectively, our findings suggest the potential of stealth liposomes for passive targeting of low-flow vasculature, including capillaries and intricate angiogenic vasculature resembling that of tumor vessel networks.
Effect of infill passes on the microstructure evolution of Inconel 718 thin walls produced using laser-directed energy deposition
Authors: Khodamoradi Zahra , Jones Alistair , Wall Andrew , Benoit Michael
Published: June 2024

Laser-Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED) is an additive manufacturing technique that, in addition to fabricating new parts, is especially adept at creating and repairing thin-wall structures. This study explores the effects of the number of infill passes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 thin walls fabricated by L-DED. The effects of spatially varying cooling rates across both height above the substrate and through the thickness of the thin-wall samples, quantified through a combination of dendrite arm spacing measurements and finite element simulations, revealed that the most rapid cooling occurred at the walls' base under all conditions. The number of infill passes had a significant effect on this behavior, with no infill pass condition showing the most uniform cooling rate through its height. Moreover, the microstructure variation resulted in spatially varying hardness ranging from 170 HV in the stainless steel substrate to ~ 220 HV towards the skin and top of the samples and finally up to ~ 270 HV in the center of the samples where the cooling rate was high. It is concluded that the infill pass strategy is a critical parameter in the L-DED process that directly influences the thermal history and, thus, the resultant microstructure of Inconel 718 thin walls.
Behaviour of Laterally Loaded CFA Single File Pile Groups in Sandy Soil
Authors: Cavalcanti Demostenes de A. , Guimarães Leonardo José Nascimento , Gusmão Alexandre Duarte
Published: June 2024

This paper presents the results of full-scale, field lateral load tests of a single CFA (continuous flight auger) pile and groups of two and three CFA piles arranged in single line. The tests were conduced in a sandy soil at an experimental site located in the Federal University of Sergipe, in São Cristóvão city, northwest Brazil. The piles in the groups of two and three single line were instrumented to allow the results to be compared with those from other piles in the groups and from the test of the isolated single pile. The soil conditions at the test site as well the loading arrangement and the test programme are described. The load bearing behaviour of the test piles is discussed, emphasizing the load distribution and group efficiency.
Validation of a Genome-Wide Polygenic Score for Obesity in South Asians
Authors: Menon Ramesh , Khan Nikhat , Charugulla Sandeep , Bassi Akshi , Dangre Pooja , Dedaniya Akshay , Pant Aakanksha , Anjanappa Rammurthy , Samson Praveena L , Satagopan Uthra , Murugan Sakthivel , Naikawadi Amol , Ramprasad Vedam L , Gupta Ravi
Published: June 2024

Obesity is a complex disorder, manifested by the interaction of inherited and environmental factors and modulated by a person’s lifestyle habits. India has witnessed more than two-fold increase in the number of overweight adults in the last 30 years. Polygenic risk score (PRS) quantitatively measures an individual’s risk for common diseases. PRS has been studied in obesity in Caucasian population and has not been validated in South Asian (SAS) population. In this study we validate the existing genome-wide PRS model of obesity with 2.1 million variants in SAS population. We analysed a total of 14,263 individuals from 3 different South Asian cohorts. We compare the risk score with the BMI categories (under-weight, normal weight, over-weight and obese) in all 3 cohorts. High BMI-PRS was associated with increased BMI in all the 3 cohorts. Top 10% high polygenic risk individuals constituted nearly twice the number of overweight and obese individuals as compared to normal BMI individuals in all the 3 cohorts. We conclude that high polygenic risk score is associated with high BMI in South Asians. Our study suggests that PRS score can perhaps be an early predictor of unhealthy weight gain in the South Asian population.
Disparities in Status, Patterns, and Preferences of Internet Medical Services Utilization for Patients During the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Period in China: Evidence from Provincial Field and National Online Surveys
Authors: Sun Zhenyu , Chen Xi , Qian Dongfu
Published: June 2024

Background Disparities in Internet medical services utilization for patients marginalize vulnerable groups from digital health benefits. However, these disparities were not well understood during the post COVID pandemic period in China.Objective This study aimed to identify the disparities which limit Internet medical services utilization for Chinese adult patients, then provide key reference points for digital health-related policies.Methods Data were obtained from the 2023 provincial field survey that included Jiangsu adult outpatients, and the 2024 national online survey that included Chinese adults with outpatient records in the past 3 months. A descriptive and comparative analysis for status, patterns, and preferences of Internet medical services utilization. Binary logistic regression model assessed patient characteristics associated with the status of Internet medical services utilization.Results Of 2,011 patients in the Jiangsu field survey, 39.43% reported using Internet medical services at least once in previous 12 months. The status of Internet medical services utilization was associated with partial patient characteristics significantly. For example, patients aged below 60 years were more likely to access Internet medical services than aged over 60 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.54, 95% CI 1.07–2.21, P = .02). For the patterns, patients were trapped in shallow Internet medical services (e.g., minor disease was the most primary reason with 55.93%). Vulnerable patients such as geriatrics aged over 60 years without medical insurance were less likely to prefer higher-price internet medical services (median score 1 point). Of 1,611 patients in the national online survey, all patients reported accessing Internet medical services in previous 12 months. The status of Internet medical services utilization was partial associated with patient characteristics significantly. For instance, patients in very-unhealth status were more likely to access Internet medical services than in health status (OR 4.19, 95% CI 1.36–12.95, P = .01). For the patterns, patients were trapped in shallow Internet medical services (e.g., minor disease was one domain primary reason with 28.38%). Uninsured patients aged below 60 years were less likely to prefer higher-price Internet medical services (median score 2 point).Conclusions Disparities maintained in status, patterns, and preferences of Internet medical services utilization among Chinese adult patients after the COVID-19 pandemic. More pro-vulnerable patients policies may be warranted for narrowing Internet medical services utilization disparities to ensure digital health equity in China.
Onco-mNGS Facilitates Rapid and Precise Identification of The Etiology of Fever of Unknown Origin: A Single-centre Prospective Study in North China
Authors: LIU Bingbing , Yu Tengfei , Ren Ruotong , wu Na , xing Nanshu , wang Jingya , wu Wenjie , cao Xuefang , Zhang Jingping
Published: June 2024

Objectives
Delayed diagnosis of patients with Fever of Unknown Origin has long been a daunting clinical challenge. Onco-mNGS, which can accurately diagnose infectious agents and identify suspected tumor signatures by analyzing host chromosome copy number changes, has been widely used to assist identifying complex etiologies. However, the application of Onco-mNGS to improve FUO etiological screening has never been studied before.
Methods
In this single-centre prospective study, we included 65 patients with classic FUO, who were randomly divided into control group (sample cultivation) and mNGS group (cultivation + Onco-mNGS). We analyzed the infectious agents and symbiotic microbiological, tumor and clinical data of both groups.
Results
Infection-related pathogenic detection efficiency rose from 15.15% (control group) to 48.48% (experimental group). Seven patients with chromosome copy number changes had later been confirmed tumors, indicating a 100% of clinical concordance rate of Onco-mNGS. In addition, the time frame for diagnosing or ruling out infection/tumor with Onco-mNGS had greatly reduced to approximately 2 days, which was 7.34 days earlier than that in the control group.
Conclusions
Onco-mNGS is an ideal rapid diagnostic aid to assist improving the early diagnostic efficiency of FUO-associated diseases.
The Effect of Roxadustat on Renal Anemia Patients with Overt Infection Undergoing Long-term Dialysis: A Single-center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Lulu , Wang Lingyun , Fan Jiangqing , Liu Jing , Liu Hang , Yang Ting , Jiang Chunming
Published: June 2024

The effect of oral roxadustat in dialysis patients with renal anemia and overt infections remains elusive. A retrospective cohort analysis of the effect of roxadustat and recombinant human EPO injection (rHuEPO) on anemia-related parameters, infection indicators and biochemical parameters in patients with overt infection before and after treatment was performed by screening 2816 dialysis patients with renal anemia and overt infection and dividing them into two groups. A total of 167 patients were enrolled (88 in the roxadustat group and 79 in the rHuEPO group) and the mean baseline hemoglobin levels of each group were 90.3 ± 15.2 g/L and 91.9 ± 17.8 g/L respectively. A total of 167 patients completed an average of 10.6 ± 3.3 days of infection treatment. The types of overt infections in patients included pulmonary infections, peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis, catheter-related infections, urinary tract infections, and other types of infection. Compared with rHuEPO, roxadustat significantly increased hemoglobin levels and △Hb values in dialysis patients after infection. Moreover, significant differences in △Hb changes were observed between the roxadustat group and the rHuEPO group. △Hb was clearly greater in the roxadustat group than in the rHuEPO group among PD patients. The △Hb value for peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis significantly differed from that for pulmonary infections, and the △Hb value for other infections tended to be greater than the △Hb value for pulmonary infection. The relationship between the severity of infection and the △Hb value based on the PCT level showed that the more severe the degree of overt infection was, the lower the △Hb value. Thus, compared with rHuEPO, roxadustat alleviated renal anemia in dialysis patients with overt infection.
Woody component of tropical rainforest recovers slower from drought than the upper canopy layer and leaves
Authors: Tian Feng , Dou Yujie , Wigneron Jean-Pierre , Li Xiaojun , Zhang Wenmin , Chen Yaoliang , Feng Luwei , Xie Qi , Fensholt Rasmus
Published: June 2024

Tropical rainforests are crucial for Earth's health, but climate change is making severe droughts more frequent. The 2015–2016 El Niño-induced drought caused significant biomass loss, yet the recovery duration of different vegetation components (woody parts, upper canopies, and leaves) remains unknown. This study employed satellite remote sensing data of L-band Vegetation Optical Depth (L-VOD), X-band VOD (X-VOD), and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from 2010 to 2022, characterized by having different sensitivities to the different vegetation components, to examine the recovery of these components in the tropical evergreen broadleaf forest (EBF) regions during the 2015–2016 El Niño-induced drought. Results showed that the woody component had the slowest recovery, particularly in Africa, which took longer to return to pre-drought conditions than South America. Key factors influencing recovery included drought severity, moisture-related climatic conditions (i.e., VPD, precipitation, and soil moisture), and seasonal variations. Moreover, the woody component of the EBF in South America showed less impact from drought, benefitted from more favorable moisture-related climatic conditions (e.g., more precipitation and lower VPD), and experienced higher seasonal variation in monthly temperature and precipitation, resulting in a faster recovery than that observed in Africa.
Lithium-doped calcium silicate regulates the immune microenvironment and promotes M2 macrophage polarization for enhancing bone regeneration
Authors: Lin Tsung-Li , Lin Yen-Hong , Chen Kun-Hao , Chen Cheng-Yu , Lee Alvin Kai-Xing , Kuo Ting-You , Chen Yi-Wen , Shie Ming-You
Published: June 2024

Bone defects present a significant challenge in orthopedics and trauma surgery, necessitating innovative approaches to stimulate effective bone regeneration. This study investigated the potential of lithium-doped calcium silicate (LiCS) cement to enhance bone regeneration and modulate the immune microenvironment to promote tissue repair. We synthesized a LiCS ceramic powder and performed comprehensive analyses of its physicochemical properties, including phase composition, morphology, setting time, and mechanical strength. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of lithium into calcium silicate significantly increased the diametral tensile strength (DTS) and facilitated hydroxyapatite formation compared with undoped calcium silicate. In vitro assays revealed that the LiCS cement enhanced the proliferation, adhesion, and spread of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs). Additionally, Li-CS cement exhibited remarkable immunomodulatory properties by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, promoting the polarization of macrophages towards the M2 phenotype. The presence of Li in the cement also significantly improved the osteogenic differentiation of WJMSCs, as evidenced by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin expression. These findings underscore the dual functional capabilities of the LiCS cement in enhancing osteogenesis and modulating the immune environment, making it a promising material for bone tissue engineering and regeneration.
Significance of Tissue Oxygen Metabolism Measurement Using NIRS in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Chiba Nobutaka , Yagi Tsukasa , Mizuochi Minori , Sato Jun , Saito Takeshi , Sakurai Atsushi , Kinoshita Kosaku
Published: June 2024

Inflammation in acute pancreatitis (AP), as in sepsis, causes impaired tissue oxygen metabolism and microcirculatory disturbances. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived variables during the vascular occlusion test (VOT) were used to assess. The participants were patients with AP and sepsis, and healthy volunteers. Within 24 hours and at 7 days after admission, changes in each NIRS-derived variable were measured. Fifteen healthy volunteers, 13 patients with AP, and 12 patients with sepsis were included in the study. The TOI baseline and ∆TOI, a parameter of tissue oxygen metabolism, decreased stepwise and the TOI interval, a measure of peripheral vasodilatory capacity, was protracted stepwise among the healthy volunteer, AP, and sepsis groups. In a subgroup analysis, at admission, there were no significant differences in the NIRS-derived variables between patients with AP complicated by infection or not, but after 7 days, there was a significant difference. In addition, the blood lactate concentration was significantly correlated with the ∆TOI and TOI interval. Conclusively, although there was mild impairment of tissue oxygen metabolism and tissue perfusion in AP compared to sepsis, changes similar to those in sepsis were observed in AP complicated by infection. Therefore, NIRS measurements may be a tool for identifying infectious complications during AP.
Optimization of Chrome Particle Removal via Membrane System Using Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Nourozi Jamshid , Seif Soheil
Published: June 2024

Recently, genetic algorithms have gained attention for improving wastewater treatment processes. This study investigated the impact of reverse osmosis membrane technology on removing chrome particles from wastewater. A new method to compute water and chrome permeation coefficients was introduced. The study employed a quasi-experimental design, utilizing laboratory data. A chrome solution was passed through a reverse osmosis membrane pilot. Feed chromium concentration and driving pressure were independent variables, while permeate chromium concentration and flux rate were dependent variables. The Elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (E-NSGA) optimized the removal process. Equations were developed for computing flux rate, chromium concentration, and treatment cost rate. Points representing optimal solutions were obtained, and a 16.3-bar pressure proved optimal. Results were compared to experimental data, with minor discrepancies due to errors in laboratory experimentation and computation of permeation coefficients. E-NSGA demonstrated effectiveness for optimizing membrane systems. Overall, this research contributes to advancing wastewater treatment processes.