bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of the Delayed Use of Low-dose Aspirin in Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy for Acute-phase Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Nakada Toshimasa
Published: February 2021

The mainstay of current standard therapy for acute-phase Kawasaki disease (KD) is intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy at 2 g/kg. However, the efficacy of combining medium- or high-dose aspirin with IVIG therapy at 2 g/kg has not been fully investigated. Some studies suggested that aspirin may inhibit coronary artery lesion (CAL) prevention in IVIG therapy and that the delayed use of aspirin in IVIG therapy may be beneficial for the suppression of CALs and prevention of coronary artery stenosis in patients with KD. The efficacy of the delayed use of low-dose aspirin in IVIG therapy for acute-phase KD remains unclear. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to assess the efficacy of the delayed use of low-dose aspirin, when combined with IVIG therapy for acute-phase KD. Data were obtained from 193 KD patients who underwent acute-phase treatment from January 2009 to October 2020 and IVIG therapy at 2 g/kg with the delayed use of aspirin/flurbiprofen. The patients were divided into three groups: (1) low-dose group, in which 40 patients received low-dose aspirin (5 mg/kg/day); (2) medium-dose group, in which 90 patients received medium-dose aspirin (30 mg/kg/day); and (3) flurbiprofen group, in which 63 patients received flurbiprofen (3–5 mg/kg/day). KD patients with liver damage or those present during influenza season underwent flurbiprofen therapy between January 2009 and November 2017. All patients except one received low-dose aspirin after December 2017. The serum albumin level (median 3.40 vs. 3.30 g/dL, P = 0.026) and Egami score (median 1.0 vs. 2.0, P < 0.001) before the initial treatment were significantly different between the medium-dose group and the flurbiprofen group. The rates of initial IVIG therapy resistance (25.0% vs. 18.9% vs. 25.4%, P = 0.790), rescue therapy (17.5% vs. 8.9% vs. 17.5%, P = 0.721), and CALs (5.0% vs. 0.0% vs. 4.8%, P = 0.713) were similar among the low-dose, medium-dose, and flurbiprofen groups. Overall, the efficacy of the delayed use of low-dose aspirin was similar to that of the delayed use of medium-dose aspirin/flurbiprofen in IVIG therapy for acute-phase KD.
DAMPAK COVID-19 TERHADAP PERUBAHAN HARGA DAN RETURN SAHAM
Authors: Darmayanti Novi , Mildawati Titik , Dwi Susilowati Fitriah
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTCOVID-19 is an acronym for “Corona Virus Desease-2019”. Emergance at the end of 2019 and the explosion of this virus caused by rapid transmission yo the effects caused and the absence of a vaccine that can definitely fight this virus. In Indonesia, the peak of people’s fear of this virus occured when the first COVID-19 case was announced on 2 March 2020. The impact of this outbreak attacked all sectors including the capital market. By using paired sample t test, this study aims to analyze the impact of the announcement on changes in price and stock returns PT. Indosat, Tbk. The results showed that stock prices experienced significant changes with sig.value 0,000 < 0,05 . While stock returns did not change due the announcement because sig.velue of stock return is 0,946 > 0,05.
Concept Understanding and Mathematic Problem Solving Skills in Algebraic Materials: the Effect Of Dragonbox Game Assisted DMR Of Covid-19
Authors: Supriadi Nanang , Ramadona Kartika , Pratiwi Dona Dinda , Widyawati Santi
Published: February 2021

This article aims to find out how the ability to understand concepts and solve mathematical problems of junior high school students in Bandar Lampung after being treated using Multy Reprecentacy Discourse learning (DMR) assisted by dragonbox games for one semester of learning. Data analysis was based on an assessment of 64 students (experimental class n = 32 and control class n = 32) using the One-way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) analysis technique. The results showed that significantly learning during the Covid-19 pandemic using the DMR model assisted by mathematics games had a better effect on students' understanding of concepts and solving mathematical problems partially or simultaneously.
Sejarah Teori Peluang dan Statistika
Authors: Anggoro Bambang Sri
Published: February 2021

Opportunity theory is a branch of mathematics concerned with opportunities, analysis of random phenomena. The main objects of opportunity theory are random variables, stochastic processes, and events: a non-deterministic mathematical abstraction of measurable events or quantities that can be either single events or develop over time in seemingly random modes. If individual coins throw or dice rolls are considered random events, then if repeated sequences of random events will show certain patterns, which can be learned and predicted. Two representative mathematical results illustrating such patterns are the laws of large numbers and the central limit theorem. As a mathematical basis for statistics, probability theory is important for many human activities that involve quantitative analysis of large sets of data. The method of opportunity theory also applies to complex system descriptions given only partial knowledge of their country, as in statistical mechanics. A great discovery of twentieth-century physics is the nature of probability of physical phenomena on the atomic scale, described in quantum mechanics.
Hubungan Kausal Penalaran Matematis terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika pada Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar ditinjau dari Motivasi Belajar Matematika Siswa
Authors: Setiawan Agus
Published: February 2021

This research is a comparative causal research with factorial design 3 3. The population of this study is all students of class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Simpang Pematang. Sampling was done by cluster random sampling. The sample of this research is students of class VIII B and VIII D. Instruments used to collect data is a test of learning achievement, mathematical reasoning test and student motivation questionnaire. Prior to use for data retrieval, achievement test instruments, reasoning tests and motivational questionnaires were first tested in mathematics. Hypothesis test using two way Anava test with unequal cell. The conclusions of this study are: (1) Students with high mathematical reasoning ability have better learning achievement than students with moderate mathematical reasoning ability, students have better learning achievement than students with low mathematical reasoning, and students with ability High mathematical reasoning has better learning achievement than students with low mathematical reasoning ability, (2) Students with high learning motivation have better learning achievement than students with moderate learning motivation, students with high learning motivation have better learning achievement than Students with low learning motivation, and students with learning motivation are having better learning achievement than students with low learning motivation, (3) There is no interaction between mathematical reasoning ability and motivation of learning mathematics to learning achievement Ar math.
Analisis Kemampuan Mahasiswa dalam Pemecahkan Masalah Matematis menurut Teori Polya
Authors: Netriwati Netriwati
Published: February 2021

This research aimed to describe students’ ability in solving mathematics problems according to Polya theory. According to writer’s experience in the subject of basic mathematics, the students had low ability in solving mathemathics problems. Therefore, the writer used the descriptive qualitative method to analyze problem-solving of mathematics according to Polya theory of semester two of IAIN students. Test and interview were used in collecting data. Based on analysis of simple statistic, it was found that students, whose high prior knowledge thought algorithmically in solving the question of problem-solving of mathematics, could understand the problems correctly and fluently. Students whose moderate prior knowledge thought algorithmically and not completely solved the questions of problem-solving. Furthermore, students whose low prior knowledge thought heuristic in solving the questions of problem-solving of mathematics.
Mengungkap Konsep Bilangan Prima dalam Surat Al-Kautsar
Authors: Mubaroh Umi Azizatul , Mujib Mujib , Syazali Muhamad
Published: February 2021

This study requires to use a qualitative model, while for the type of research, using Content Analysis. Content analysis is a model used to examine the documentation data in the form of text, images, symbols, and so forth. A research technique for making inferences that can be replicated and valid data with the context. As a technique of research, the content analysis includes specific procedures for processing the scientific data with the aim of providing knowledge, open new horizons and presenting the facts. Assessment of the linkages primes 3 includes a discussion on the relationship with the meaning and also lafadznya, apart from Al-Kautsar consists of three paragraphs, including the font used and unused in the letter, the difference between the two is 6 (multiples of prime numbers 3), for the number of repetitions of letters obtained 111.111.111.123.444.510 numbers (multiples of primes 3), in a letter lafadz هللاproduce numbers 15 and 1,040 (multiples of primes 3), the sequence of letters and the number of letters in the Qur'an produced 114 108 numbers (multiples of primes 3), correlation beginning and end of the letter gives the figure 1.515 (multiples of primes 3), and the number of repetitions of letters in each verse, second verse generate numbers 1.111.111.224, 1.111.111.122 generate numbers second paragraph, and paragraph the third 1.111.111.125 produce numbers which are all multiples of primes 3.
Pola Interaksi Guru dan Siswa Tunanetra
Authors: Widyastuti Rany
Published: February 2021

This study aims to describe the pattern of interaction between teachers and students and between students with other students on learning VII grade SMPLB A Bina Insani Bandar Lampung. This research is a qualitative research. The subject of this research is one teacher and all students of class VII SMPLB A Bina Insani Bandar Lampung, amounting to 5 people where 1 student is light blind (low vision) and 4 students total blind. The technique of validity of data used is by triangulation time, that is by seeing the data of an interaction between a teacher with the student and between student on two observations done on a different day. The results of this study indicate that the pattern of interaction of teachers and students with visual impairment in learning VII grade SMPLB A Bina Insani Bandar Lampung is a two-way interaction but without the interaction between students with one student, either in the category of information (BIn) (UIn), as well as delay information (TIn).
Strategic analysis & recommendations for Southwest Garden Supplies's nursery operations
Authors:   , Athwal Amrit
Published: February 2021

Southwest Garden Supplies is a garden centre which is undergoing growth in its sales in both of its departments: nursery and bulk garden/landscape materials. With the increasing quantity, and sales of plants, the company requires strategic analysis and recommendations to improve its nursery operations. Some factors which require improvement are: a lack of enough employees, and two, a lack of systematic processes required in the maintenance, and sale of plants. Because only family members work at the nursery, and maintain the rest of the enterprise, there are more tasks which need to be accomplished than there are hands. Southwest Garden Supplies is in the process of hiring new employees, and approximately three new employees shall commence work in the foreseeable future. As of now, tasks like fertilizing, efficient watering, weeding, and pruning are not being executed in a systematic manner. Therefore, a lot of the plants are not optimally maintained. Due to a lack of organization, and time, pricing is a complex matter of hardship. As of now, there are minimal price tags placed on plants. Only the administrator in charge of the nursery knows the prices. Therefore, if she is not around for whatever reason, the remaining staff do not know how to price the plants. During the summer, watering by hand takes a minimum of three hours per day, that too after office hours; meaning the family leaves work close to 9:00pm, only to start again at 7:00am the next morning. This watering process leaves the other tasks of plant maintenance incomplete. As discussed, the nursery division of the garden centre needs to be run optimally. The purpose of this paper is to undertake research on how the nursery can be maintained efficiently, including how plant inventory can be best managed, and how the administration staff can maintain healthy relationships with the new employees. Human resource management will be discussed due to the importance of increased employee loyalty and decreased employee attrition. Results/Recommendations shall be made as to what steps need to be taken in order to streamline the nursery maintenance processes for the staff, and make shopping at Southwest Garden Supplies more fluid, and straightforward.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI SUPERVISI DAN MANAJERIAL KEPALA MADRASAH TERHADAP MUTU PENDIDIKAN DI MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH SE-KECAMATAN GANTARANG KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Siraj Arifuddin , Yaumi Muhammad
Published: February 2021

This study attempts to describe supervision competence and managerial competence of the heads schools, to describe educational quality of Islamic Junior High Schools (MTS), and then to analyze the influence of the supervision competence and managerial competence toward educational quality of MTS both partially and simultaneously in Gantarang District, Bulukumba Regency. This study is ex-post facto. The population is all the teachers of all private MTS with accredited A. It is analyzed all the teachers as the sample with 54 people of all. Method of data collection is through questionnaires about supervision competence, also using data analysis, and multiple regressions. The results of the study obtained that the supervision competence and the managerial competence of the head is in the medium category. The supervision competence of the head schools significantly influences the quality of education. The managerial competence of the head schools significantly influences the quality of education. Both supervision competence and managerial competence of the heads of schools have the significantly influencer toward educational quality of MTS, in Gantarang district, Bulukumba Regency.
KINERJA SUPERVISOR DAN KREATIVITAS GURU PAI
Authors: Pagga Pagga , Getteng Abd Rahman , Mustami Khalifah , Syamsudduha St
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the supervisor's performance and the creativity of the Islamic Religious Education teachers at SMAN Sinjai Regency. This research used qualitative research. The data analysis technique used is data reduction, data presentation, data collection using descriptive exploratory analysis techniques, and inductive qualitative methods. The result was found that the supervisor's performance in the preparation of supervisor program planning had been compiled in an accurate manner and the implementation of supervisor supervision had been implemented in the field continuously. PAI teacher creativity in SMA Negeri Sinjai Regency has increased through several programs that have been carefully prepared by supervisors. The supporting factors for supervisors in increasing the creativity of PAI teachers are the existence of supervisory standardization arrangements and the presence of collectors. As for the inhibiting factors for supervisors, namely the number of target schools that are too many, the busyness of the supervisors outside the supervision program, the number of supervisors is still low, and the teacher's perception of supervision activities is still not good.
Espaços de tortura da ditadura como campo biopolítico
Authors: Simões Paloma Sá Souza , Martins Ricardo Evandro Santos
Published: February 2021

O artigo pretende analisar a concepção de estado de exceção desenvolvida pelo filósofo italiano Giorgio Agamben, seus desdobramentos, como a ideia de campo, vida nua e força de lei, e relacioná-los com o contexto histórico-político brasileiro da Ditadura militar. Tem como hipótese geral que os espaços de tortura que funcionavam à época são os campos biopolíticos que surgiram da consolidação do regime militar como estado de exceção permanente. Da pesquisa foi possível verificar que a Ditadura Militar instaurada no país utilizou mecanismos legislativos e jurídicos para dar verniz de legalidade ao estado de exceção em vigor através dos Atos Institucionais (AI) editados pelos militares, os quais coincidem com a concepção de força de lei desenvolvida por Agamben, ainda, que os espaços de tortura utilizados durante o período do regime militar se encaixam na noção de campo biopolítico desenvolvida pela teoria agambeniana.
Palavras-chave: Ditadura Militar. Estado de exceção. Força de lei. Biopolítica.
Motivos associados a opção da mulher pela gestação tardia
Authors: Alves Tamires de Souza Ferreira , Fronza Edegar , Strapasson Márcia Rejane
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Conhecer os motivos associados à opção de mulheres pela gestação em idade avançada. Método: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado com quinze mulheres com idade igual ou superior a 35 anos, primigestas que optaram pela gestação tardia e que estavam tentando engravidar a menos de um ano. Para a coleta de dados aplicou-se a entrevista semiestruturada e a análise dos dados seguiu a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Da análise dos dados emergiram quatro categorias temáticas: obstáculos encontrados pelas mulheres na busca pela maternidade; influências na decisão pela gestação tardia; a perspectiva sociocultural da maternidade e as representações da maternidade tardia na percepção das mulheres. A maternidade em idade avançada converge com a redução da fertilidade a nível mundial, constituindo um problema de saúde pública. A busca por tratamentos de fertilização assistida e com ela a peregrinação em clínicas, elevados custos com tratamentos e o desgaste emocional são constantes neste processo. Conclusões: Foi possível conhecer que à opção da mulher pela gestação tardia é influenciada por múltiplos fatores, dentre eles, a busca a inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho, formação profissional, estabilidade financeira, dentre outros.
Palavras-chave: Infertilidade. Gravidez Tardia. Mulheres. Fertilização.
Application of The PjBL-STEM Model to Natural Science Learning Devices to Increase The Creativity of Junior High School Students in Environmental Pollution Material
Authors: Indah Pratiwi Alfıanı , Sunarno Widha , Sugiyarto , Sugiyarto
Published: February 2021

The study aims to determinate the project based learning (PjBL) model with the STEM approach in increasing the creativity of junior high school students. The research method used is a quasi-experimental. The design in this study is a one group pretest-posttest design. The population of this research is class VII in a state junior high school in Surakarta. The sample of this study was 44 students consisting of two classes, namely class VII G as the experimental class (22 students) and class VII H as the control class (22 students). The instrument used was a creativity test instrument consisting of 6 questions on the is the N-gain test. Based on the result of data analysis, it was obtained that the experimental class N-gain average was 0.59 with the medium category and 0.36 for the control class with the low category. The result of the t-test show that there is a difference in creativity between the experimental class using the PjBL model of science learning tools with the STEM approach and the class without using the device.
Students’ Indiscipline in Tertiary Educational Institutions of Sokoto State
Authors: Bashar Sa'adu Isa , Gatawa Mudassir , Abdul'aziz Nafiu , Mustapha Jagaba Muhammad , Hassan Adamu
Published: February 2021

The study investigated the effects of students’ indiscipline and factors responsible for its ineffective management in tertiary educational institutions of Sokoto state, Nigeria. The study employed a mixed method approach involving 3270 academic staff and 4344 final year students of all the higher educational institutions of Sokoto State. A Survey which was validated by experts and whose reliability coefficient was established at 0.9, was distributed to a sample of 692 respondents. While interview was conducted with 12 participants bearing the saturation rule. Descriptive statistics (Mean and Standard Deviation) and Coding were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data of the study respectively. Findings revealed that the effects of indiscipline on students includes: promotion of academic corruption, sexual harassment, poor academic performance as well as examination malpractices. The schools’ strategies for managing the students’ indiscipline, include setting down strategic rules and regulations, communicating the rules to the school-wide communities, as well as apprehending and detaining the culprits. Moreover, it was found that the efforts of the institutions to manage the students’ indiscipline is being affected by factors such as lack of parental involvement, insignificant support of some staff, technology and media, and political interference. The study finally recommends among other things that the institutions should seek the support of the parents, community members, security operatives to ensure the apprehension, detention and suing of the erring students whenever they are found indulging in any of such indiscipline behaviours.
Unpacking Indonesia's Cultural Diplomacy: Potentials and Challenges
Authors: Viartasiwi N. , Trihartono A. , Hara A.E
Published: February 2021

Cultural diplomacy is an influential element of soft power. The concept covers a wide range of activities that aim to promote national interests through strengthening relationships and enhancing sociocultural cooperation among countries. Cultural diplomacy is built upon the culture, identity, and values of the country. As government apparatuses often activate cultural diplomacy, it is civil society that plays the most prominent role. This study takes Indonesia`s diplomacy as a case study to highlight the importance of cultural diplomacy as a soft power instrument. The study seeks to identify the challenges in the creation of a grand narrative of Indonesia’s cultural diplomacy. Finally, the study argues that in the age of globalization in which the world is moving toward a global culture, Indonesia`s cultural diplomacy concept that is rotating around its unique culture, identity and values needs to be reassessed to not only contain unique Indonesian cultural products, but also contain the spirit of the culture, values, and traditions of the Indonesian people who have sustained the unity of Indonesia. Keywords: Cultural Diplomacy; Soft Power; Indonesia *
Storm Surge Awareness and Intended Evacuation in Low-Lying Areas of Tokyo City
Authors: Senoo Kohei
Published: February 2021

Japan is a country that is normally considered to be well protected against storm surges, with the population aware of the potential consequences of such events. However, the inundation caused by typhoon Jebi in 2018 at Osaka Bay has highlighted that there is a significant risk of flooding in many areas. In the present paper the authors conducted questionnaire surveys with the aim to gauge the level of storm surge awareness and intended evacuation behaviour of the population of low-lying areas of Tokyo City. The results indicate that respondents have a high awareness regarding storm surges, but lower actual knowledge about the risk in their area and the evacuation plan. Respondents who have higher risk awareness about storm surges often had participated in evacuation drills, and those who knew about the inundation map tend to indicate that they would perform long-distance evacuation. It was also found that respondents who are in their 30s have lower awareness than other age groups. Keywords: storm surge; awareness; natural hazards; Japan; intended evacuation behaviour
Quantum period finding based on the Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm
Authors: Hao Xuexuan , Zhang Fengrong , Wei Yongzhuang , Zhou Yong
Published: February 2021

Quantum period finding algorithms have been used to analyze symmetric cryptography. For instance, the 3-round Feistel construction and the Even-Mansour construction could be broken in polynomial time by using quantum period finding algorithms. In this paper, we firstly provide a new algorithm for finding the nonzero period of a vectorial function with O(n) quantum queries, which uses the Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm as one step of the subroutine. Afterwards, we compare our algorithm with Simon's algorithm. In some scenarios, such as the Even-Mansour construction and the function satisfying Simon's promise, etc, our algorithm is more efficient than Simon's algorithm with respect to the tradeoff between quantum memory and time. On the other hand, we combine our algorithm with Grover's algorithm for the key-recovery attack on the FX construction. Compared with the Grover-Meets-Simon algorithm proposed by Leander and May at Asiacrypt 2017, the new algorithm could save the quantum memory.
A COVID-19 E A ASFIXIA DE DIREITOS: A ATUAÇÃO DO PODER JUDICIÁRIO.
Authors: Araújo José Henrique Mouta , Faro Roberta Pina Barbosa
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo busca analisar a atuação do poder judiciário na apreciação de demandas judiciais durante o período da pandemia da COVID-19, caracterizada por uma postura ativa, com contornos de ativismo judicial quando observada sob a perspectiva dos princípios constitucionais processuais, resultando na usurpação de competências e na avocação de poderes maiores que os que lhes foram concedidos pela Constituição Federal, com repercutindo diretamente elaboração de políticas públicas, proveniente da desconsideração da repartição de poderes.
A necessidade de regulamento de interconexão para microgeração por máquinas síncronas e assíncronas
Authors: Finkler Alcedir Luis , Campos Mauricio de , Sausen Paulo Sérgio , Sausen Airam Tereza Zago Romcy
Published: February 2021

A geração de energia elétrica utilizando biogás em propriedades rurais tem sido amplamentepesquisada nos últimos anos. Diversos são os estudos demonstrando a viabilidade técnica,econômica e benefícios ao meio ambiente proporcionados por esse tipo de geração. Por outro lado,tanto produtores de diversas regiões do país como fabricantes que trabalham no desenvolvimentode equipamentos para geração voltados a essa demanda têm encontrado dificuldades para suaimplementação devido a divergências em normas apresentadas por distribuidoras de energiaelétrica. Neste artigo, é realizado um estudo comparativo entre as diferentes normas a que essemercado está sujeito. Nesse sentido, são apresentadas as principais dificuldades encontradas,além de demonstrar a necessidade da formulação de uma norma mais objetiva, que permita aampliação da utilização dessa fonte de energia e abertura desse mercado.
Automatically extracting features for face classification using multi-objective genetic programming
Authors: Bi Ying , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie
Published: February 2021

© 2020 Owner/Author. This paper proposes a new multi-objective feature extraction algorithm using genetic programming (GP) for face classification. The new multi-objective GP-based feature extraction algorithm with the idea of non-dominated sorting, which aims to maximise the objective of the classification accuracy and minimise the objective of the number of extracted features. The results show that the proposed algorithm achieves significantly better performance than the baseline methods on two different face classification datasets.
Genetic Programming-Based Feature Learning for Facial Expression Classification
Authors: Bi Ying , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie
Published: February 2021

© 2020 IEEE. Facia1 expression classification is an important but challenging task in artificial intelligence and computer vision. To effectively solve facial expression classification, it is necessary to detect/locate the face and extract features from the face. However, these two tasks are often conducted separately and manually in a traditional facial expression classification system. Genetic programming (GP) can automatically evolve solutions for a task without rich human intervention. However, very few GP-based methods have been specifically developed for facial expression classification. Therefore, this paper proposes a GP-based feature learning approach to facial expression classification. The proposed approach can automatically select small regions of a face and extract appearance features from the small regions. The experimental results on four different facial expression classification data sets show that the proposed approach achieves significantly better results in almost all the comparisons. To further show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, different numbers of training images are used in the experiments. The results indicate that the proposed approach achieves significantly better performance than any of the baseline methods using a small number of training images. Further analysis shows that the proposed approach not only selects informative regions of the face but also finds a good combination of various features to obtain a high classification accuracy.
An automatic region detection and processing approach in genetic programming for binary image classification
Authors: Bi Ying , Zhang Mengjie , Xue Bing
Published: February 2021

© 2017 IEEE. In image classification, region detection is an effective approach to reducing the dimensionality of the image data but requires human intervention. Genetic Programming (GP) as an evolutionary computation technique can automatically identify important regions, and conduct feature extraction, feature construction and classification simultaneously. In this paper, an automatic region detection and processing approach in GP (GP-RDP) method is proposed for image classification. This approach is able to evolve important image operators to deal with detected regions for facilitating feature extraction and construction. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, five recent GP methods and seven non-GP methods based on three types of image features are used for comparison on four image data sets. The results reveal that the proposed method can achieve comparable performance on easy data sets and significantly better performance on difficult data sets than the other comparable methods. To further demonstrate the interpretability and understandability of the proposed method, two evolved programs are analysed. The analysis shows the good interpretability of the GP-RDP method and proves that the GP-RDP method is able to identify prominent regions, evolve effective image operators to process these regions, extract and construct good features for efficient image classification.
A gaussian filter-based feature learning approach using genetic programming to image classification
Authors: Bi Ying , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie
Published: February 2021

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018. To learn image features automatically from the problems being tackled is more effective for classification. However, it is very difficult due to image variations and the high dimensionality of image data. This paper proposes a new feature learning approach based on Gaussian filters and genetic programming (GauGP) for image classification. Genetic programming (GP) is a well-known evolutionary learning technique and has been applied to many visual tasks, showing good learning ability and interpretability. In the proposed GauGP method, a new program structure, a new function set and a new terminal set are developed, which allow it to detect small regions from the input image and to learn discriminative features using Gaussian filters for image classification. The performance of GauGP is examined on six different data sets of varying difficulty and compared with four GP methods, eight traditional approaches and convolutional neural networks. The experimental results show GauGP achieves significantly better or similar performance in most cases.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RESTRUCTURING PROGRAM AND ACTIVITIES BASED ON THE MONEY FOLLOW PROGRAM IN REGIONS
Authors: Pranasari Melati Ayuning , Fitri Suci Emilia
Published: February 2021

The current planning and budgeting paradigm has changed from money follows function into money follows program but this paradigm is considered to not provide clear and concrete benefits. Likewise, the implementation of the money follows program was still problematic, such as program restructuring and problematic activities. Based on these problems, the purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of restructuring programs and activities of local governments and the factors that support and hinder the implementation of restructuring programs and activities in local governments since the enactment of the money follows program. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results show that programs and activities planned by using the money follow program approach have been implemented in several locus study areas (West Sumatra Province, West Java Province, and Yogyakarta Province). However, the implementation still varies. There are still doubts for the regions in the implementation, especially because it is related to the legal basis. Likewise, there are several inhibiting factors such as human resources, policy substance, implementer behavior, and network interactions. For this reason, the study concludes that it is necessary to make adjustments to the central government policies related to regional development planning guidelines and budget allocation.
I.D. PAPANIN - POLAR RESEARCHER AND ORGANIZER OF SCIENCE
Authors: Popov K. V. , Vorob’eva Yu. V. , Ushakova M. G.
Published: February 2021

The article is dedicated to the important date – 125 years since the birth of I.D. Papanin. Many people know Papanin as a famous polar researcher, scientist and organizer of expeditions, a public figure, the head of the Borok biostation. But, of course, the key event of his life is a drift under his leadership the world’s first scientific station «North Pole» in the Arctic Ocean in 1937–1938. This is an unprecedented event of world significance and scale, as well as a feat of courage, endurance and determination of all four participants in the drift, who were called «Papanintsi».
ABOUT THE DRIFT OF THE “NORTH POLE-1” RESEARCH STATION
Authors: Popov K. V. , Libina N. V. , Ushakova M. G.
Published: February 2021

Every year on May 21 in our country is celebrated Polar Day. And not without purpose, because that day in 1937 the world-famous event took place: the four-engine N-170 airplane, piloted by M.V. Vodopyanov, landed on the ice of the Arctic Ocean in the region of the North Pole (89º25’N and 78º40 ‘w.d.). Here began the path of the scientific drifting station North Pole-1. This was the first scientific expedition in the North Pole area, in 274 days it drifted 2,100 km to the southern tip of Greenland (Cape Forvel). More than a hundred books and articles have been written about the history of its creation, the legendary drift, participants and scientific results. First of all, the diaries of the participants should be included here. Reading these books and having an idea of the north by participating in sea expeditions to the Arctic, one involuntarily wonders how people survived and worked in such difficult conditions, about the nature surrounding them and how variable the weather could be above their heads. Comparing the selection of photographs with the diaries of the drift participants, we tried to trace how the situation (landscapes of the drift) changed from the moment of landing and until the removal of the Papanin camp on February 19, 1938. The article is dedicated to the 125th anniversary of the head of the expedition SP-1 – I.D. Papanin. Photo materials for the article are based on the I.D. Papanin handed over to his father K.V. Popov – to Vladimir Ivanovich Popov, who worked under the direction of I.D. Papanin at the Research Institute of Inland Waters of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the village of Borok, and his former friend.
THE NEW RUSSIAN COMBAT ICEBREAKER “IVAN PAPANIN”
Authors: Sviridov S.A.
Published: February 2021

In honor of Ivan D. Papanin, on the occasion of his 125th anniversary, on October 25, 2019, a unique scientific military ship “Ivan Papanin”, 110 meters long and displacement is 9000 tons, was launched in St. Petersburg. Like the famous polar explorer, one of the pioneers of the Arctic, the vessel will also be the first, since such icebreakers have not yet been built in Russia, because this is not just an icebreaker, but also a tugboat and a patrol ship. The icebreaker “Ivan Papanin” is designed to perform various civilian and defense tasks: navigate ships, transport cargo, participate in rescue operations and scientific research. As a warship and formidable border guard, the ship can repulse any troublemakers in the North. It is characterized by high reliability, redundancy of the main engines, the use an electric propulsion system, fixed-pitch propellers, so that the system operates reliably and for a long time. In addition, the ship is equipped with modern communications and navigation systems. Place of work – Arctic, which I.D. Papanin devoted all of himself. The area is not limited. Autonomy of swimming is 60 days. The ship Is able to cope with two-meter ice.
Numerical modeling of a heterogeneous stress-strain state and prediction of changes in the permeability of the near-wellbore zone when creating slotted perforation in a sandstone reservoir
Authors: Popov S.N. , Chernyshov S.E.
Published: February 2021

The results of numerical simulation of the distribution of a heterogeneous stress field near the well for a sandstone reservoir formation when creating slotted perforation are presented. Variations in permeability are predicted depending on changes in the magnitude of effective stresses. Areas of restoration of permeability after the creating of slotted channels are revealed. It is shown that slotted perforation is an effective method for stimulating hydrocarbon inflow.
Reliability of underground storage of hydrogen together with methane in terrigenous geological formations
Authors: Abramova O.P. , Filippova D.S. , Safarova E.A.
Published: February 2021

The main natural sources of hydrogen and associated gases – carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide – for storing hydrogen together with methane in geological formations are examined. The role of the main hydrochemical and microbiological processes that cause risks of leakage and loss of hydrogen due to the activation of physicochemical and microbiological reactions that affect deformation changes in the surrounding geological space of underground reservoirs is shown.
Heterologous Protection to COVID-19 with BCG Vaccine: Deciphering the Reality Using Meta-Analysis Approach
Authors: Singh Anurag , Gupta Lakshya , Gupta Vandana
Published: February 2021

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in China in December 2019 and has since spread to over 188 countries affecting millions of individuals. Several reports in favour or against the heterologous protection conferred by the BCG vaccine against COVID-19 came up in the initial days of the pandemic and continue to do so. In this study, we compared the three worst-affected nations: The USA, India, and Brazil, their current pandemic scenario, and their respective national BCG immunization policies. USA recommends BCG vaccine only to a specific group of people and never had a national immunization scheme in place. Meanwhile, India introduced a nationwide scheme as early as 1948 and continues to endorse BCG immunization at birth. Brazil used the oral route to administer the BCG vaccine till 1976, and then shifted to intradermal injection. The correlation coefficient for the total number of cases, cases per million, the total number of deaths, deaths per million and case fatality rate ranges between 0.81-0.98. This indicates a very strong positive correlation in the various epidemiological parameters between countries with no national immunization scheme (USA) and countries with stringent national policies on BCG vaccination. The strongest correlation exists between the USA and Brazil followed by Brazil and India which is very closely followed by the USA and India. We found no consistent evidence to infer in favour of the hypothesis that BCG provides any non-specific protection against COVID-19.
Crítica à interpretação eclesiocêntrica da história de Canudos
Authors: Hoornaert Eduardo
Published: February 2021

O artigo critica uma recente e recorrente interpretação da história de Canudos, segundo a qual a experiência sertaneja teria sido um prenúncio da "igreja dos pobres”, ou ainda das “comunidades de base”. Tal interpretação é ideológica, não se baseia na experiência vivida pelos sertanejos do final do século XIX, é permeada de um eclesiocentrismo exacerbado e não faz justiça à boa maneira de se praticar a história, pois é de um anacronismo flagrante. Efetivamente, imaginar-se a Igreja (seja ela católica ou protestante, ortodoxa ou nestoriana) como única expressão histórica do cristianismo ou pelo menos como expressão mais verídica e mais fiel aos intentos de Jesus revela um eclesiocentrismo desmentido por séculos de história, mas endêmico nos dias que correm, como se tudo fosse “eclesial”.
Ultrasound-guided, Transabdominal, Intrauterine Artificial Insemination for Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) Based on Estimated Timing of Ovulation
Authors: Shimozawa Nobuhiro , Ageyama Naohide , Nakayama Shunya , Koie Hiroshi , Yasutomi Yasuhiro
Published: February 2021

Intrauterine sperm injection for artificial insemination is difficult in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus macaques (M. mulatta) due to the complex structure of the cervical canal, which differs from that of humans. Despite the availability of several
artificial insemination methods for macaques, pregnancy rates are inconsistent, and details regarding ovulation are unclear, thus warranting more effective methods. Therefore, we developed an effective, ultrasound-guided, transabdominal intrauterine artificial insemination method for cynomolgus
macaques that involves timing sperm injection to coincide with the periovulation phase estimated according to rapid hormone measurement. We performed our intrauterine artificial insemination on 6 female macaques; 4 of the 5 animals that were predicted to have ovulated soon after insemination
became pregnant, whereas the 1 macaque that was predicted not to have ovulated did not. Furthermore, we saw no evidence of injury, such as a conspicuous needle hole or bleeding on the surface of or inside the uterus, nor did our method result in any abnormalities in the mothers or their offspring.
Thus, our ultrasound-guided, transabdominal, intrauterine artificial insemination method is rapid, safe, and effective in cynomolgus macaques.
Lebensweltorientierte psychosoziale Beratung als Drehund Angelpunkt in der Unterstützung hilfebedürftiger alter Menschen und ihrer Angehörigen
Authors: Hedtke-Becker Astrid , Hoevels Rosemarie , Kuchuk Anna
Published: February 2021

Für eine gelingende umfassende häusliche Versorgung alter Menschen sind die Voraussetzungen dann gegeben, wenn ein individuelles alltagsund biografieorientiertes Hilfenetz vorhanden ist, das sowohl nahe Angehörige und wichtige Personen im Umfeld des alten Menschen als auch Professionelle einschließt. Ein derartig komplex geknüpftes Netzwerk sollte maßgeschneidert und flexibel an die sich im Verlauf verändernden Erfordernisse angepasst werden können. Kleinschrittige, dem Rhythmus und im Tempo des hilfebedürftigen alten Menschen sorgfältig angepasste Interventionen sind hier unabdingbar. Diese sind nur im Rahmen einer langfristigen psychosozialen Begleitung – im besten Fall bis zum Lebensende – machbar. Das ab 2017 geltende novellierte Pflegegesetz versucht, dem Rechnung zu tragen. Im Projekt InnoWo ermittelte typische Problemstellungen dienen als Orientierung für das praktische Vorgehen. Werden im Einzelfall antizipierte sogenannte Kann-Bruchstellen erkannt und antizipiert, können sie vermieden werden, sodass eine unerwünschte stationäre Unterbringung hinausgezögert oder vermieden werden kann. Anhand eines Fallbeispiels wird eine solche Vorgehensweise beschrieben und reflektiert.
»Media vita in morte sumus«
Authors: Lindner Reinhard
Published: February 2021

Alter und Lebensende sind schicksalhaft miteinander verbunden. Ausgehend von einer auf ein langes Leben hin ausgerichteten Zielsetzung der Psychotherapie wird untersucht, welche Indikationen für eine Psychotherapie am Lebensende vorliegen können. Anhand einer tiefenpsychologisch fundierten Kurzpsychotherapie mit einer 94-jährigen Patientin mit Wunsch nach assistiertem Suizid wird der therapeutische Prozess anhand der Entwicklung der Übertragungsbeziehung als Gespräch über existenzielle Konfliktthemen untersucht. Abschließend wird vorgeschlagen, die Psychotherapie in dieser Lebensphase als eine ars moriendi zu verstehen, wobei interaktionelle und szenische Verständnismöglichkeiten empfohlen werden, um den existenziellen Themen und Konflikten der Patienten zu begegnen.
Psychologische Kurzintervention am Lebensende
Authors: Spang Jochen , Züger Andrea
Published: February 2021

Anhand der vorliegenden Fallarbeit möchten wir Hintergrund, Entstehung und Durchführung der Würdezentrierten Therapie in einem deutschen Allgemeinkrankenhaus vorstellen. Die Würdezentrierte Therapie (engl. Dignity Therapy) ist eine psychologische Kurzintervention für Patienten am Lebensende. Sie wurde in Kanada von Harvey M. Chochinov und dessen Forschungsgruppe im Rahmen empirischer Studien entwickelt. Ziel der Intervention ist die Stärkung der individuellen Würde von Patienten.
Jenseits des Vergessens
Authors: Dehm-Gauwerky Barbara
Published: February 2021

Der Aufsatz stellt dar, wie sich der Weltbezug hochgradig altersdementer Menschen verändert hat. Er ist Jenseits des Vergessens in einem Zwischenstadium angesiedelt, in dem zwischen Selbst und Objekt nicht mehr klar geschieden wird. Das Sprachsymbolische droht, verloren zu gehen. Anhand eines Fallbeispiels wird gezeigt, wie präsentativ organisierte Symbole hier eine einzigartige, sinnstiftende Vermittlerfunktion bekommen können. Durch das Containing der Therapeutin als Teil des Gesamtsubjekts können sie dem dementen Menschen einen metaphorischen Ort in der Welt erhalten. Theoretischer Bezug ist die Psychoanalyse, speziell als Interaktionstheorie Lorenzers. Sie wird ergänzt durch Aspekte der Habitustheorie Bourdieus.
»Wir können nicht vergessen«
Authors: Lindner Reinhard
Published: February 2021

Psychodynamische Psychotherapie dement werdender Patienten ist immer noch eine Seltenheit. Die Tatsache, dass der demenzielle Prozess nicht durch Psychotherapie aufzuhalten ist, wird immer noch als Grund angesehen, die Vielzahl intrapsychischer Konflikte und interpersoneller Problemsituationen als einer Psychotherapie nicht zugänglich zu verstehen. Nach einer Einführung in aktuelle Konzepte der psychodynamischen Psychotherapie »vergessender« Patienten wird anhand einer Behandlungsgeschichte einer tiefenpsychologisch fundierten aufsuchenden Kurzpsychotherapie über 25 Stunden bei einer 78-jährigen Patientin die Behandlung des Verlusterlebens, die Bewältigung von Trauer und die Ermöglichung einer realitätsangemessenen Entscheidung in Konfliktlagen eines demenziellen Prozesses vorgestellt.