bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethik des Ausnahmezustandes
Authors: Coors Michael
Published: July 2020

Im Text werden die moralischen Gründe für den gegenwärtigen Ausnahmezustand in der COVID-19 Pandemie diskutiert, der auch die Möglichkeiten seelsorglicher Praxis erheblich einschränkt. Als zentraler Grund wird die Vermeidung eines Ausnahmezustandes in der intensivmedizinischen Versorgung identifiziert. In solch einer Situation konzentriert sich politische Macht ganz in den Händen der Regierung, die diese Macht benötigt, um die Bürgerinnen und Bürger durch schnelles und effektives Handeln zu schützen. Solche eine Machtkonzentration birgt aber für jede Demokratie eine erhebliche Gefahr und sollte daher nicht länger als unbedingt notwendig aufrechterhalten werden.
Hexaniobate anions connected by [Ni(cyclam)]2+ complexes yield two interpenetrating three-dimensional networks
Authors: Müscher-Polzin Philipp , Näther Christian , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: July 2020

Syntheses were performed at room temperature using Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, cyclam (cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) and the precursors Li8[Nb6O19]· ≈22H2O or Na7[HNb6O19]·15H2O in a DMSO-H2O mixture. Yellow crystals of the new compound {[Ni(cyclam)]2H4Nb6O19}·12H2O could be obtained after one week applying the Li+ or Na+ salt as starting materials. The crystal structure is unique in polyoxoniobate (PONb) chemistry and displays two interpenetrating three-dimensional (3D) networks. The [Nb6O19]8– anion is expanded by four Ni2+ centered complexes via Ni–O bonds to terminal O2− anions of the hexaniobate anion. The 3D networks are generated by further Ni–O bond formation between neighboring [Nb6O19]8− anions. The remaining void space is occupied by H2O molecules which form a water cluster.
A tutorial translation of the description of the historically first polymer drug conjugate and its in vivo evaluation
Authors: Luxenhofer Robert
Published: July 2020

Preamble

Polymer-drug conjugates have been intensively investigated for several decades, and even though their clinical success still lags behind the promise many researchers have placed in them, they are a mainstay in the fields of polymer therapeutics or nanomedicine. For many in the field, the seminal perspective paper by Helmut Ringsdorf from 1975 marks the beginning of this field of research. With more than one thousand citations, this paper has indubitably affected and inspired generations of researchers in the field, including the author of this translation. However, it is not the first paper describing the concept of polymer-drug conjugates. Some twenty years earlier, Horst Jatzkewitz described in two outstanding articles probably the historically first polymer-drug conjugates, detailed its synthesis, characterization and even first in vivo experiments. The results, carefully re-interpreted through the eyes of a scientist of the 21st century, clearly highlight several issues that need to be taken into consideration when designing polymer-drug conjugates. However, despite the pioneering nature of this paper, it is all but forgotten by the scientific community. In the author’s opinion, Horst Jatzkewitz and these papers clearly did not receive the attention and praise they deserve. Whether this was because these paper were much ahead of it´s time, or because it was published in German language, or for some other reason, we cannot know. However, these papers are, in my opinion, an excellent piece of work that should be known more widely and available to students and experts world-wide, which is why the author decided to translate it. Also, to give some more context and to help understand some outdated terms or concepts, additional comments and explanations are added throughout. I hope that this will help for these papers to receive the attention I believe they deserve.
Chemical composition of the essential oils of four Polyalthia species from Malaysia
Authors: Shakri Natasa Mohd , Salleh Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan , Khamis Shamsul , Mohamad Ali Nor Azah , Shaharudin Shazlyn Milleana
Published: July 2020

Polyalthia is one of the largest genera in the Annonaceae family, and has been widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatic fever, gastrointestinal ulcer, and generalized body pain. The present investigation reports on the extraction by hydrodistillation and the composition of the essential oils of four Polyalthia species (P. sumatrana, P. stenopetalla, P. cauliflora, and P. rumphii) growing in Malaysia. The chemical composition of these essential oils was determined by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The multivariate analysis was determined using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) methods. The results revealed that the studied essential oils are made up principally of bicyclogermacrene (18.8%), cis-calamenene (14.6%) and β-elemene (11.9%) for P. sumatrana; α-cadinol (13.0%) and δ-cadinene (10.2%) for P. stenopetalla; δ-elemene (38.1%) and β-cubebene (33.1%) for P. cauliflora; and finally germacrene D (33.3%) and bicyclogermacrene for P. rumphii. PCA score and HCA plots revealed that the essential oils were classified into three separated clusters of P. cauliflora (Cluster I), P. sumatrana (Cluster II), and P. stenopetalla, and P. rumphii (Cluster III) based on their characteristic chemical compositions. Our findings demonstrate that the essential oil could be useful for the characterization, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic applications of Polyalthia essential oil.
Barrier to internal rotation, symmetry and carbonyl reactivity in methyl 3,3,3-trifluoropyruvate
Authors: Lengsfeld Kevin Gregor , Buschmann Philipp , Kats Pavel , Siekmann Dirk , Herbers Sven , Adam Obenchain Daniel , Genuit Stefanie , Höhne Cara Marie , Grabow Jens-Uwe
Published: July 2020

High-resolution rotational spectroscopy was used to investigate the conformational landscape of methyl-3,3,3-trifluoropyruvate, a small, partially-fluorinated molecule, which is of interest because of its chemical properties and reactivity in contrast to the unfluorinated species. Methyl 3,3,3-trifluoropyruvate is also subject to two possible large amplitude motions of the methyl and trifluoromethyl group. However, only the methyl rotor gives rise to the tunneling splitting specific to individual conformers. In the rotational spectrum measured in the frequency region from 6 to 27 GHz, the identified conformers, s-cis and s-trans, were fitted to experimental accuracy, resulting in the accurate determination of the vibrational ground state rotational constants

A
0

=
2185.05827

36

 MHz

${A}_{0}=2185.05827\left(36\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}MHz}$

,

B
0

=
1023.300
 
31

17

 MHz

${B}_{0}=1023.30031\left(17\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}MHz}$

, and

C
0

=
803.520287

95

 MHz

${C}_{0}=803.520287\left(95\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}MHz}$

for the s-cis conformer, and

A
0

=
2706.9024

(

49

)

 MHz

${A}_{0}=2706.9024\left(49\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}MHz}$

,

B
0

=
864.889
 
539

(

81

)

 MHz

${B}_{0}=864.889539\left(81\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}MHz}$

, and

C
0

=
746.532
 
896

(

71

)

 MHz

${C}_{0}=746.532896\left(71\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}MHz}$

for the s-trans conformer. Additionally the barrier heights of the methyl rotor

V
3

CH
3

=
363
.
116

94

 cm

−
1

${V}_{3}\left({\text{CH}}_{3}\right)=363.116\left(94\right){\text{\hspace{0.17em}cm}}^{-1}$

and

V
3

(

CH

3

)

=
389.290

(

80

)

 cm

−
1

${V}_{3}\left({\text{CH}}_{3}\right)=389.290\left(80\right){\text{\hspace{0.17em}cm}}^{-1}$

were obtained for the s-cis and s-trans conformer, respectively.
Interview with Dr. Andrzej Adamski
Authors: Adamski Andrzej
Published: July 2020

...
Apgintos disertacijos žurnalistikos ir žiniasklaidos tema
Authors: Kazakevičiūtė Parengė Inga
Published: July 2020

...
EFECTO DE LA TEMPERATURA DEL SUSTRATO EN LA RUGOSIDAD E ÍNDICE DE REFRACCIÓN EN EL VISIBLE E INFRARROJO CERCANO DE PELÍCULAS DELGADAS DE NITRURO DE TANTALIO
Authors: Torres-Muro Hugo A. , Talledo-Coronado Arturo , Machorro-Mejía Roberto , Ordoñez-Miranda José , Guevara-Vera Manuel E.
Published: July 2020

El presente trabajo ha sido desarrollado con la finalidad de determinar el efecto del incremento de la temperatura de sustrato sobre su índice de refracción y rugosidad de películas delgadas de nitruro de tantalio (TaN). Las películas delgadas de TaN fueron depositadas sobre obleas de silicio (100) y (111), por la técnica de pulverización magnética reactiva con corriente continua, utilizando una mezcla de gases argón-nitrógeno, a temperaturas de sustratos de 473 K, 573 K y 673 K respectivamente. La caracterización de las muestras fueron realizadas con un difractómetro de rayos X (XRD), la técnica de espectroscopia electrónica Auger (AES), un microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM), un elipsómetro espectral (SE) y un microscopio de fuerza atómica (AFM). Las películas delgadas de TaN sintetizadas tuvieron una estructura cristalina cúbica centrada en la cara (fcc), que no cambió con el aumento de temperatura, sin embargo aparecen nuevas direcciones de los planos cristalográficos y las intensidades de los picos de difracción disminuyeron. Las muestras estuvieron compuestas de tantalio (65 %), nitrógeno (28 %), oxígeno (5,3 %), carbono y argón. El índice de refracción disminuyó con el incremento de temperatura para longitudes de onda entre el rango visible e infrarrojo cercano 4000 - 12000 Å, mientras que la rugosidad aumentó a medida que la temperatura incrementó, evidenciando un comportamiento no estable.
State management of environmental problems in the Chuvash Republic
Authors: Kireeva Olga
Published: July 2020

The relevance of the article is due to the vital need for sustainable development of the state, which is possible only if natural systems are preserved and the environment is maintained in an optimal state, and the integrity of biological and physical natural systems is ensured. The author considers the effectiveness of management of environmental problems on the example of the Republic of Chuvashia. Today, the Republic is advanced in terms of ecology. The priority of the state policy of the Chuvash Republic is environmental safety and environmental protection. The article deals with the most acute environmental problems in Chuvashia and their solution at the level of regional and local authorities: "integrated system of solid municipal waste management" and "improvement of the Volga river". The author gives examples of solving these problems at the regional and local level. Special attention is paid to the implementation of a concession project to create an intermunicipal system for processing and placing TCO. The project is based on a form of partnership between the state and business, which allows for long-term investments in socially significant objects. In Chuvashia, the leading concessionaire is JSC "waste Management", thanks to its work in the Republic for the year, more than 1.6 thousand tons of paper and cardboard were selected and sold, which is equivalent to 30 thousand trees.
The article considers the need to implement the state environmental policy in order to protect the environment and the strategy of the state, thanks to which the environmental policy can be rationally implemented.
The author emphasizes the role of state bodies in the formation and improvement of the ecological culture of the population, the educational level and professional skills and knowledge in the field of ecology.
Dr. Nicolaes Tulp’un Anatomi Dersi Adlı Tablosunun Peirce’nin Göstergebilim Yaklaşımıyla Çözümlenmesi
Authors: ÇOMAK Melih , UZDU YILDIZ Funda
Published: July 2020

Anlam kavramı her oluşumun içerisinde bulunmaktadır. Anlam kişiden kişiye göre değişim göstermemektedir. Bu durum da anlamın, içkin bir yapıya sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Göstergebilimde önemli olan içkin durumda bulunan anlamın yorumlanıp değerlendirilerek ortaya konmasıdır. Böylelikle anlamlandırma dediğimiz kavram ortaya çıkmaktadır. Göstergebilim anlamdan ziyade anlamlandırmayı inceleyen bir bilim dalıdır. Anlam tek olmakla birlikte anlamlandırma değişim göstermekte ve böylece ortaya farklı anlamlandırma biçimleri çıkmaktadır. Göstergebilim çalışmaları zaman içerisinde ortaya çıkmakla birlikte Fransız Göstergebilim Okulu ve Charles Sanders Peirce etrafında şekillenmiştir. Fransız Göstergebilim Okulu, Algirdas Julien Greimas etrafında şekillenirken, Amerikan Ekolü olarak adlandırabileceğimiz yönelim ise Peirce’nin ortaya koyduğu yaklaşım temelli şekillenmiştir. Her ne kadar Greimas ekolünde felsefe önemli bir yer tutsa da Peirce ekolünde felsefe, mantık ve matematik temelde yer almaktadır. Bu durum iki yaklaşım arasındaki farkı da ortaya koymaktadır. Greimas yaklaşımı metinlere ve diğer çalışma alanlarına kolaylıkla uygulanabilirken Peirce’nin yaklaşımı sahip olduğu temeller ve bakış açısı nedeniyle daha kısıtlı bir inceleme ve çalışma alanı sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ele alınan Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn’in Dr. Nicolaes Tulp’un Anatomi Dersi adlı tablosu Peirce’nin göstergebilim yaklaşımından yola çıkılarak çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çözümleme süreci üçlüklere dayandırılarak ve her bir üçlük ayrı ayrı başlıklarda ele alınarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın diğer alan çalışmalarından farkı Peirce’nin tüm gösterge üçlüklerini ele alıp incelemesidir. Böylelikle bir sanat eseri Peirce’nin üçlüklerinden faydalanılarak mantıksal ve göstergebilimsel olarak çözümlenmiştir.
Genomics, Big Data and Privacy: Reflections upon the implications of direct-to-consumer genetic testing
Authors: Vitti Rodrigues Mariana
Published: July 2020

This paper investigates epistemological and ethical implications of the growingavailability of direct-to-consumer genetic testing for the science and society. Direct-toconsumer genetic testing is characterized as the genetic testing sold directly to consumerswithout any assistance from professionals. By offering empowerment and control, companiesconvince consumers to sequence their genome by granting the company access to theirgenetic data in exchange to results that are not always accurate. To which extent doconsumers properly understand the results of their genetic testing? Are consumers aware ofthe possible implications for disclosing genetic information to private companies? I addressthese questions in two steps: firstly, I discuss epistemological implications of thedevelopment of Genomics, understood as a data-intensive science, by delving into thetheoretical commitments of the concept of gene and the notion of circular causality.Secondly, I reflect upon the privacy risks of taking direct-to-consumer genetic testing in adata-rich world. Finally, I draw some conclusions on the possible consequences of direct-toconsumer genetic testing by suggesting key-concepts that may help to clarify the limits andscope of genetic testing.
Spanish Validation of the User Reported Measure of Care Coordination Questionnaire for Older People with Complex, Chronic Conditions
Authors: Risco Ester , Sauch Valmaña Gloria , Albero Anna , Acar-Denizli Nihan , Zabalegui Adela , kostov Belchin Adriyanov , Amil Paloma , Alonso Albert , Fabrellas Núria
Published: July 2020

Introduction Older people with complex, chronic conditions often receive insufficient or inefficient care provision. And few instruments are able to measure their perception on care provision. The "User Reported Measure of Care Coordination" instrument has been satisfactorily used to evaluate chronic care provision and integration. The aim of this study is to validate this instrument into Spanish. Methods The questionnaire was adapted and validate in two phases: translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire, and psychometric property measurement. Study population were chronic care conditions patients. Results A total of 332 participants completed test re-test as part of the questionnaire validation process. The final version of the questionnaire had 6 domains: Health and Well-being (D1), Health day to day (D2), Social Services (D3), Planned Care (D4), Urgent Care (D5) and Hospital Care (D6). Cronbach's alpha for the overall questionnaire was 0.86, indicating good internal consistency. When analysing each domain, only Planned Care (D4) and Urgent Care (D5) had Cronbach’s Alphas slightly lower than 0.7, although this could be related to the low number of items in each domain. A good temporal stability was observed for the distinct subscales and items, with intraclass correlation coefficients varying from 0.412 to 0.929 (p < 0.05). Conclusion The adapted version of the “User Reported Measure of Care Coordination” into Spanish proved to be a practical tool for use in our daily practice and an efficient instrument for assessment of care coordination in chronic, complex conditions in older people across services and levels of care.
Epidemiological profile of pain and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug use in collegiate athletes in the United States
Authors: Christopher Shefali , Tadlock Bailey A , Veroneau Bryanna J , Harnish Christopher , Perera Nirmala KP , Knab Amy M , Vallabhajosula Srikant , Bullock Garrett Scott
Published: July 2020

Background

Although athletic endeavours are associated with a high amount of physical stress and injury, the prevalence of pain is underreported in the sports medicine literature with only a few studies reporting pain on collegiate athletes or exploring sex difference of pain. Impact of pain on athlete availability, training and performance can be mitigated when key epidemiological information is used to inform adequate pain management strategies.This study aims to 1) provide an epidemiological profile of self-reported pain experienced by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes by sex during the first half of the 2019 season, 2) describe their self-reported non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use.

Methods

Online survey was completed by athletes at three NCAA institutions from 1 August to 30 September 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to describe player demographic data, self-reported pain and self-reported NSAID use. Pain incidence proportion were calculated.

Results

230 female athletes and 83 male athletes completed the survey. Self-reported pain incidence proportion for female athletes was 45.0 (95% CI 41.5-48.5) vs 34.9 (95% CI 29.4-40.4) for male athletes. Majority of the athletes did not report pain (55% female vs 62% male) during the first half of the 2019 season. Female athletes reported pain in their back (35%), knee (26%), and ankle/foot (23%) whilst male athletes reported pain in their knee (35%), back (28%), and shoulder (24%). Of all athletes, 28% female vs 20% male athletes reported currently taking NSAIDs. Of athletes that reported pain, 46% female vs 38% male athletes currently took NSAIDs. 70% female vs 61% male athletes self-purchased NSAIDs, and 40% female vs 55% male athletes consumed alcohol.

Conclusions

Half of female athletes and one in three male athletes reported pain. Most commonly back, knee and foot/ankle pain and knee, back and shoulder pain was reported in female and male athletes respectively. One in four female athletes and one in five male athletes use NSAIDs for pain or prophylactic purpose. Majority self-purchase these medications indicating need for health literacy interventions to mitigate potential adverse effects.
Predictors of adolescents’ use of sexual and reproductive health services in Nigeria: a mixed-method approach
Authors: Odo Amelia Ngozi , OFUEBE Justina Ifeoma , ANIKE Anthony Ifeanyi , Samuel Efiong S
Published: July 2020

Background Sexual and Reproductive health Services (SRHS) are essential for prevention and control of SRH problems among adolescents and the achievement of sustainable development goal 3. These services may be available but certain factors interfere with their access and utilization by the adolescents. This study sought to determine factors that predict adolescents’ utilization of SRHS in Enugu State, Nigeria. Methods The study adopted mixed method research employing cross-sectional research design. The population of the study comprised adolescents (12-22 years). Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 1,447 adolescents used for the study. Questionnaire, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion were used for data collection. Percentages, Chi-square, and logistic regression were used to analyse quantitative data, while qualitative data were thematically analysed using NVivo software.Results Socio-demographic factors of gender, age, education, income and living status (p = < .05) were significant predictors of utilization of SRHS. Psycho-cultural and health system factors (p = < .05) were also significant predictors of utilization of SRHS.Conclusion The study concluded that some socio-demographic factors (of gender, age, level of education, income and living status), psycho-cultural and health system factors can be used to predict adolescents’ utilization of SRHS. These predictors could be addressed through home sex education, regular training of health care providers on youth-friendly services delivery and policy reforms
Correlation between percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy and recurrence in stage I lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Haichao , Chen Rong , Zhao Jian
Published: July 2020

Background To systematically evaluate the correlation between percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) and recurrence in stage I lung cancer.Methods The databases of PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data and China Biology Medicine disc were retrieved to collect relevant literatures about the correlation between PTNB and recurrence in stage I lung cancer. The retrieval time was limited from the time of their database establishment to April 30/2020．Screened the literature, extracted the data and assessed the quality of studies included. Then the meta-analysis was performed by using Stata l6.0 software.Results A total of 8 cohort studies involving 2760 lung cancer patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that PTNB did not increase the risk of total recurrence and pleural recurrence in the patients with stage I lung cancer．The result of subgroup analysis is according to the tumor location. For stage I lung cancer, PTNB will increase the risk of pleural recurrence in patients with sub-pleural lesions but not in those without sub-pleural lesions.Conclusions To stage I lung cancer, PTNB is not associated with the total recurrence and pleural recurrence but PTNB will increase the risk of pleural recurrence in patients with sub-pleural lesions.
UBA2 Activates Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway during Protection of R28 Retinal Precursor Cells from Hypoxia by Extracellular Vesicles derived from Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Koh Kyungmin , Park Mira , Bae Eun Soo , Duong Van-An , Park Jong-Moon , Lee Hookeun , Lew Helen
Published: July 2020

Background: Stem cell transplantation has been proposed as an alternative treatment for intractable optic nerve disorders characterized by irrecoverable loss of cells. Mesenchymal stem cells, with varying tissue regeneration and recovery capabilities, are being considered for potential cell therapies. To overcome the limitations of cell therapy, we isolated exosomes from human placenta–derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs), and investigated their therapeutic effects in R28 cells (retinal precursor cells) exposed to CoCl2. Method: After nine hours of exposure to CoCl2, the hypoxic damaged R28 cells were divided into non treatment group (CoCl2+R28 cells) and treatment group (CoCl2+R28 cells treated with exosome). Immunoblot analysis was performed for Hif-1α, Vegf, Thy-1, Gap43, Ermn, Neuroflament, Wnt3a, β-catenin, phospo-GSK3β, Lef-1, UBA2, Skp1, βTrcp, and ubiquitin. The proteomes of each group were analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass (LC-MS/MS) spectrometry. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected by label-free quantification and the interactions of the proteins were examined through signal transduction pathway and gene ontology analysis. Result: Treatment group presented the decreased expression of Hif-1α protein (P < 0.05) and increased expression of nerve regeneration–related factors such as Thy-1 and Neuroflament (P < 0.05) compared with non treatment group. In total, 200 DEPs were identified in non treatment group and treatment group (fold change ≥ 2, p < 0.05). Catenin and ubiquitin systems (UBA2, UBE2E3, UBE2I) were found in both the DEP lists of downregulated proteins from non treatment group and upregulated proteins from treatment group. The mRNA expressions of ubiquitin systems were significantly decreased under hypoxic condition. Moreover, UBA2 and Wnt/β-catenin protein were associated with rescue of the hypoxic damaged R28 cells. Using a siRNA system, we could find it out that hPMSC exosoms could not repair altered expressions of target proteins by CoCl2 in lacking UBA2 R28 cells. Conclusion: This study reported that hypoxic damaged expression of regeneration markers in R28 cells were significantly recovered by hPMSC exosomes. We could also demonstrate that UBA2 played a key role in activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during protection of hypoxic damaged R28 cells, induced by hPMSC exosomes.
Patients with chronic migraine without history of medication overuse are characterized by a peculiar white matter fiber bundle profile
Authors: Coppola Gianluca , Renzo Antonio Di , Tinelli Emanuele , Petolicchio Barbara , Lorenzo Cherubino Di , Parisi Vincenzo , Serrao Mariano , Calistri Valentina , Tardioli Stefano , Cartocci Gaia , Caramia Francesca , Piero Vittorio Di , Pierelli Francesco
Published: July 2020

Background: We investigated intracerebral fiber bundles using a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data to investigate microstructural integrity in patients with episodic (MO) and chronic migraine (CM).Methods: We performed DTI in 19 patients with MO within interictal periods, 18 patients with CM without any history of drug abuse, and 18 healthy controls (HCs) using a 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. We calculated diffusion metrics, including fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusion (AD), radial diffusion (RD), and mean diffusion (MD).Results: TBSS revealed no significant differences in the FA, MD, RD, and AD maps between the MO and HC groups. In comparison to the HC group, the CM group exhibited widespread increased RD (bilateral superior [SCR] and posterior corona radiata [PCR], bilateral genu of the corpus callosum [CC], bilateral posterior limb of internal capsule [IC], bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus [LF]) and MD values (tracts of the right SCR and PCR, right superior LF, and right splenium of the CC). In comparison to the MO group, the CM group showed decreased FA (bilateral SCR and PCR, bilateral body of CC, right superior LF, right forceps minor) and increased MD values (bilateral SCR and right PCR, right body of CC, right superior LF, right splenium of CC, and right posterior limb of IC). Conclusion: Our results suggest that chronic migraine can be associated with the widespread disruption of normal white matter integrity in the brain.
Factors Associated with the Poor Outcomes in Diabetic Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Rastad Hadith , Ejtahed Hanieh-Sadat , Ghorabi Armita Mahdavi , Safari Anis , Shahrestanaki Ehsan , Rezaei Mohammad , Niksima Mohammad Mahdi , Zakani Akram , Manshadi Seyede Hanieh Dehghan , Ochi Fatemeh , saedi Shabnam , Khodaparast Zeinab , Hassani Neda Shafiabadi , Azimzadeh Mehdi , Qorbani Mostafa
Published: July 2020

Background: Diabetic’s patients are supposed to experience higher rates of COVID-19 related poor outcomes. We aimed to determined factors predicting poor outcomes in hospitalized diabetic patients with COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all adult diabetic patients with radiological or laboratory confirmed COVID-19 who hospitalized between 20 February 2020 and 27 April 2020 in Alborz province, Iran. Data on demographic, medical history, and laboratory test at presentation were obtained from electronic medical records. Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was self-reported. Comorbidities including cancer, rheumatism, immunodeficiency, or chronic diseases of respiratory, liver, and blood were classified as “other comorbidities” due to low frequency. The assessed poor outcomes were in-hospital mortality, need to ICU care, and receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. Self-reported. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to quantify the predictors of in-hospital mortality from COVID-19 in patients with DM. Results: Of 455 included patients, 98(21.5%) received ICU care, 65(14.3%) required invasive mechanical ventilation, and 79 (17.4%) dead. In the multivariate model, significant predictors of “death of COVID-19” were age 65 years or older (OR (95% CI): 2.0 (1.16-3.44), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (2.05 (1.16 -3.62), presence of “other comorbidities” (2.20 (1.04-4.63)), neutrophil count ≥ 8.0 × 10⁹/L )6.62 (3.73-11.7 ((, Hb level <12.5 g/dl (2.05 (1.13-3.72)(, and creatinine level ≥1.36 mg/dl (3.10 (1.38-6.98)). (All p –values < 0.05). Some of these factors were also associated with other assessed poor outcomes, e.g., need to ICU care or invasive mechanical ventilation.Conclusions: Diabetic patients with age 65 years or older, comorbidity CKD, “other comorbidities”, as well as neutrophil count ≥ 8.0 × 10⁹/L, Hb level <12.5 g/dl, and creatinine level ≥1.36 mg/dl, were more likely to dead after COVID-19. Presence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease were associated with none of the poor outcomes.
Chemotherapy is not necessary for early-stage serous and endometrioid ovarian cancer after undergoing comprehensive staging surgery
Authors: Li Shuqing , Zhu Zhiling
Published: July 2020

In order to investigate whether adjuvant chemotherapy is essential for patients with early-stage serous and endometrioid epithelial ovarian cancer, the present study collected data from the US Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database between 2004 and 2015. All subjects underwent comprehensive staging surgery and were diagnosed as stages IA-IIA, grade 1-2. A total of 2,644 patients were enrolled in the present study, among which 1,589 patients received platinum-based chemotherapy. Comparisons of categorical data were performed via χ2 tests. Variables with P<0.05 in univariate analyses were further analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Selection bias from the heterogeneity of demographic and clinical characteristics was avoided using propensity score matching. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), investigating the association between variables and 5-year overall survival. After the propensity score matching, there was an equal number of patients with or without chemotherapy (n=925). The results of the present study indicated that those aged ≥65 years were at an increased risk of ovarian cancer, and the age was associated with poor prognosis (HR, 1.486; CI, 1.208-1.827; P<0.001). Endometrioid carcinoma was associated with improved 5-year overall survival compared with serous cystadenocarcinoma (HR, 0.697; CI, 0.584-0.833; P<0.001). Chemotherapy could not prolong the 5-year overall survival of patients with early-stage serous and endometrioid ovarian cancer (HR, 1.092; CI, 0.954-1.249; P=0.201). These results demonstrated that adjuvant chemotherapy was unnecessary for patients with early-stage serous and endometrioid ovarian cancer after they underwent comprehensive staging surgery.
Barriers of Access and Utilization of Reproductive Health Services by Adolescents-Khartoum State-Sudan-2020: study protocol
Authors: Elnimeiri Mustafa Khidir Mustafa , Satti Shahenaz Seifaldeen Mustafa , Ibrahim Mohanad Kamaleldin Mahmoud
Published: July 2020

Background: Adolescence is widely defined as the time in life when the developing individual attains the skills and attributes necessary to become a productive and reproductive adult; Most adolescents are healthy, but there is still substantial premature death, illness, and injury among adolescents. Illnesses can hinder their ability to grow and develop to their full potential. Alcohol or tobacco use, lack of physical activity, unprotected sex and/or exposure to violence can jeopardize not only their current health, but also their health as adults or even health of their future children.Method: Community and institutional-based cross sectional study will be conducted in Khartoum State the seven localities will be included. This state is the national capital of Sudan, which has an area of 22,122km. The sample size of participant is estimated using the population formula (n=N/1+ (n*d) .The sample will be drawn using multistage cluster sampling.; Also the concerned bodies involved in delivery of reproductive health services for adolescents included in this study. Data will be collected using interview with key informants and administered pre-coded, pretested closed ended questionnaire with community participants. Data will be managed and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Analysis is mostly univariate descriptive and bi-variate with Chi Square &Fischer Exact tests analysis to find associations between variables of interest.Discussion: The census of adolescents mounted to 25% of the population and thus it is important to care for such significant portion of the population to document their reproductive health problems and their access to health care services. The study is expected to generate base-line indicators about barriers of access to reproductive health services by adolescents that can be used for better planning, monitoring and evaluation of the delivered serviceslt. The research about barriers of access to reproductive health services by adolescents in Sudan is still limited and the information is scanty and scattered. Thus, it is necessary to conduct such study to enrich the current database.
Predicting Individual Survival After Curative Esophagectomy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Esophageal
Authors: Zhao Zhiyong , Huang Xiaolong , Chen Zhu , Zhu Biao , Gan Limin , Wu Ning
Published: July 2020

Background Esophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide 1 . Despite significant progress in the overall treatment of esophageal cancer in recent years, the prognosis for patients who require surgery remains poor. Methods The current paper studied the clinicopathological features of 503 patients who underwent radical esophagectomy at the Huashan Hospital of Fudan University between January 2005 and January 2015. Nomograms which predicted esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) survival rates were established using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Discrimination and calibration, calculated after bootstrapping, were used as a measure of accuracy. Results Multivariate analyses were used to select five independent prognostic variables to build the nomogram. These variables were pathological T stage, pathological N factor, rate of positive LNs, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and postoperative sepsis. The nomogram was built to predict the rates of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The concordance indices of the nomogram prediction of OS and DFS were 0.720 and 0.707, respectively. Compared to the conventional TNM staging system, the nomogram has better predictive accuracy for survival (OS 0.720 vs 0.672, P<0.001; DFS 0.707 vs 0.667, P<0.001). Conclusions The aims of this study were to assess comorbidities and postoperative complications in patients with esophageal cancer and to design a nomogram for the prediction of long-term survival in patients with ESCC. To the best of the knowledge of the authors of this study, this is the first attempt to establish an ESCC nomogram based on comorbidities and postoperative complications using a relatively large cohort of patients.
Biosynthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles by Marine Streptomyces MHM38 and their Preventive Efficacy Against Paracetamol-Inducing Hepatic Damage of Albino Rats
Authors: Hamed Moaz , Gazwi Hanaa S.S. , Youssif Asmaa M.
Published: July 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Spatio-temporal Mapping of Breast and Prostate Cancer in South Iran During 2014-2017
Authors: Montazeri Mahdieh , Hoseini Benyamin , Firouraghi Neda , Kiani Fatemeh , Raouf-Mobini Hosein , Biabangard Adele , Dadashi Ali , Zolfaghari Vahideh , Ahmadian Leila , Eslami Saeid , Bergquist Robert , Bagheri Nasser , Kiani Behzad
Published: July 2020

Background:
Breast and prostate cancers are the most common gender-specific malignancies. In developing countries, screening of all population at risk of cancers is impractical because of the healthcare resource limitations. Thus, determining the high-risk areas of Cancers might be an important step to conduct a screening program at high-risk areas. This study explores potential high-risk clusters in the incidence pattern of breast and prostate cancers in southern Iran.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the province of Kerman, South Iran. Patient data were aggregated at the county and district levels and the incidence rate per 100,000 people for both breast and prostate cancer were calculated. We used the natural break classification with five classes to produce descriptive maps. A spatial clustering analysis ( Anselin Local Moran’s I ) was used to identify potential clusters and outliers in the pattern of these cancers from 2014 to 2017.
Results:
The Age-Standardised Incidence Rate of breast cancer showed an increase from 29.93 to 32.27 cases per 100,000 people and prostate cancer from 13.93 to 15.47 cases per 100,000 during 2014–2017. Cluster analysis at the county level identified high-high clusters of breast cancer in the North-West of the province for all years, but the analysis at the district level showed high-high clusters for only two of the years. Furthermore, cluster analysis at the county and district levels of prostate cancer also identified high-high clusters in the North-West of the province for two years.
Conclusions:
North-West Kerman had a significantly higher incidence rate of both breast and prostate cancer. These findings may help to design tailored screening and surveillance systems. Furthermore, this study generates new hypotheses to test potential relationships between environmental risk factors and incidence of cancers in areas with higher cancer risk.
Environmental shaping of the bacterial and fungal community in infant bed dust and correlations with the airway microbiota
Authors: Sørensen Søren Johannes , Gupta Shashank , Hjelmsø Mathis H. , Lehtimäki Jenni , Li Xuanji , Mortensen Martin S. , Russel Jakob , rivedi Urvish , Rasmussen Morten A. , Stokholm Jakob , Bisgaard Hans
Published: July 2020

Background From early life, children are exposed to a multitude of environmental exposures, which may be of crucial importance for healthy development. Here, the environmental microbiota may be of particular interest as it represents the interface between environmental factors and the child. As infants in modern societies spend a considerable amount of time indoors, we hypothesize that the indoor bed dust microbiota might be an important factor for the child and for the early colonization of the airway microbiome. To explore this hypothesis, we analysed the influence of environmental exposures on 577 dust samples from the beds of infants together with 542 airway samples from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 cohort.Results Both bacterial and fungal community was profiled from the bed dust. Bacterial and fungal diversity in the bed dust was positively correlated with each other. Bacterial bed dust microbiota was influenced by multiple environmental factors, such as type of home (house or apartment), living environment (rural or urban), sex of siblings and presence of pets (cat and/or dog), whereas fungal bed dust microbiota was majorly influenced by the type of home (house or apartment) and sampling season. We further observed minor correlation between bed dust and airway microbiota compositions among infants. We also analysed the transfer of microbiota from bed dust to the airway, but we did not find evidence of transfer of individual taxa.Conclusions Current study explores the influence of environmental factors on bed dust microbiota (both bacterial and fungal) and its correlation with airway microbiota (bacterial) in early life using high-throughput sequencing. Our findings demonstrate that bed dust microbiota is influenced by multiple environmental exposures and could represent an interface between environment and child.
Requirement for Containing Etoposide in the Initial Treatment of Lymphoma Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Song Yue , Wang Jingshi , Wang Yini , Wu Lin , Wang Zhao
Published: July 2020

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe or even fatal inflammatory status caused by a hereditary or acquired immunoregulatory abnormality. Lymphoma associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (LAHS) is a kind of secondary HLH (sHLH). It has the worst prognosis among sHLH. However, there’s still no standard treatment strategy. The argument mainly focuses on whether an HLH-directed or malignancy-directed approach should initially be adopted. Etoposide is one of the key drugs in HLH treatment, also effective in lymphomas. We sought to identify the importance of containing etoposide in initial treatment, comparing with the chemotherapy which directed at lymphoma but without etoposide. Methods: 66 patients diagnosed as LAHS in our center between Jan 1 2015 and Dec 31 2017 were divided into two groups according to weather the initial treatment containing etoposide, or other lymphoma-directed chemotherapy without etoposide. Results: The remission rate of the initial etoposide group (52 patients) is significantly better than that of no initial etoposide group (14 patients) (73.1% vs. 42.9%, p = 0.033). The relapse occurrence between two groups shows difference (26.3% vs. 50%) but not significant (p = 0.339). There were 28 deaths in patients with initial etoposide (mortality rate 53.8%) and 12 deaths in the without-initial-etoposide group (mortality rate 85.7%). A significant difference in mortality was noted between the two groups (p = 0.030). The 2-month survival (79.8% vs. 46.8%, p = 0.019) and overall survival (median survival time 25.8w vs. 7.6w, p = 0.048) of the initial etoposide contained group is also better. Multivariate cox analysis revealed that for patients without EBV infection (37 cases), initial treatment with etoposide could significantly improve prognosis (p = 0.010, Exp(B) = 0.183), but for patients with positive EBV, it’s not significant. Conclusions: We concluded that containing etoposide is essential in the initial treatment of LAHS, weather using the HLH directed or lymphoma directed strategy. It provides higher response rate, lower mortality rate and better survival, especially for EBV negative patients.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-related Myocarditis in Patients With Cancer: an Analysis of International Spontaneous Reporting Systems
Authors: Ma Rulan , Wang Quanziang , Meng Deyu , Li Kang , zhang yong
Published: July 2020

Background:Immune checkpoint inhibitors induced myocarditis presents unique clinical challenges. Here, we assessed post-marketing safety of PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors by mining the real-world data reported in two international pharmacovigilance databases.Methods: We analyzed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-associated fatal adverse drug events (ADRs) reports from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) collected from July 1, 2014, to December 31, 2019, and data from EudraVigilance (EV) database accessed on February 29, 2020. Three different data mining methods were used to detect the signal of five fatal toxic effects caused by ICIs.Results: Based on 7613 ICIs-related ADEs reported to the EV database and 5786 ICIs-associated ADEs submitted to the FAERS database, the most frequently reported ADEwasipilimumab-related colitis. For myocarditis, nivolumab-associated myocarditis was the most common. Among the five fatal toxic effects associated with ICIs, the lethality rate of myocarditis was the highest. Elderly patients and male patients were more likely to develop ICIs-related myocarditis.The results of signal detection showed that the risk of avelumab-related myocarditis detected by reporting odds ratio (ROR) method and proportional reporting ratios (PRR) method was the highest, whereas the signal strength of ipilimumab-related myocarditis detected by Bayesian confidence propagation neural networks (BCNPP)method was the strongest.Conclusion:The findings of this study showed the risk of developing myocarditis and other fatal ADRs when using ICIs, which are consistent with the results of previous clinical trials and can provide a reference for clinical workers when using ICIs.
Comprehensive Analysis of PLOD Family Members in Low-grade Gliomas Using Bioinformatics Methods
Authors: Zhao Yonghui , Zhang Xiang , Yao Junchao
Published: July 2020

Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) is a primary invasive brain tumor that grows slowly but is incurable and eventually develops into high malignant glioma. Novel biomarkers for the tumorigenesis and lifetime of LGG are critically demanded to be investigated. In this study, the expression levels of procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenases (PLODs) were analyzed by ONCOMINE, HPA and GEPIA. The GEPIA online platform was applied to evaluate the interrelation between PLODs and survival index in LGG. Furthermore, functions of PLODs and co-expression genes were inspected by the DAVID. Moreover, we used TIMER, cBioportal, GeneMINIA and NetworkAnalyst analysis to reveal the mechanism of PLODs in LGG. We found that expression levels of each PLOD family members were up-regulated in patients with LGG. Higher expression of PLODs was closely related to shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The findings showed that LGG cases with or without alterations were significantly correlated with the OS and DFS. The mechanism of PLODs in LGG may be involved in response to hypoxia, oxidoreductase activity, Lysine degradation and immune cell infiltration. In general, this research has investigated the values of PLODs in LGG, which could serve as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and potential therapeutic targets of LGG patients.