bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acercamiento al ejercicio profesional a través de visitas a obras de arquitectura y entornos inmersivos
Authors: Gómez Muñoz Gloria , Sánchez Aparicio Luis Javier , Armengot Paradinas Jaime , Sánchez-Guevara Sánchez Carmen
Published: November 2022

One of the main difficulties faced by architecture students is the lack of access to practical resources for the understanding of the building process as a whole, from the conception of the architectural project to the completion of the work. Based on previous innovative teaching experiences (ARCHITECT-Site Visits, Buildings 360), during the 2021-2022 academic year the Experimental Workshop 2 Site Visits wa developed for students in the 4th year of the Degree in Foundations of Architecture taught at the ETSAM, with the aim of connecting the theoretical knowledge acquired in previous years with the practical application of elements, systems and construction techniques through site visits at different stages of execution, as well as understanding the different phases of construction and the digital tools that can be used to monitor them.

Una de las principales dificultades que tiene el alumnado de arquitectura es la falta de acceso a recursos prácticos en el conocimiento y comprensión del proceso edificatorio en su conjunto, desde la concepción del proyecto arquitectónico hasta la finalización de la obra. En base a experiencias docentes innovadoras previas (ARCHITECT-Visitas de obra, Buildings 360), durante el curso 2021-2022 se ha desarrollado el Taller Experimental 2 Visitas de Obra dirigido a alumnado de 4º curso del Grado en Fundamentos de la Arquitectura impartido en la ETSAM, con el objetivo de conectar los conocimientos teóricos adquiridos en los cursos anteriores con la aplicación práctica de elementos, sistemas y técnicas constructivas mediante visitas a obras en diferentes fases de ejecución, así como comprender las diferentes fases de la construcción y las herramientas digitales que se pueden emplear para su seguimiento.
Enseñanza de la iluminación: metodología de aprendizaje basado en proyectos
Authors: Bilbao Villa Ainara , Muros Alcojor Adrián
Published: November 2022

Light is part of the Architecture project, but it entails a very specific design and technical complexity. The teaching of lighting requires the use of project teaching methodologies adapted to these specificities. In our school we seek to systematize the understanding of the effects of light, so that students acquire the ability to project lighting. This ability is deepened at different levels of training: degree subject, elective subject and master's degree. The students work on all the phases of the project, from the communication of the first ideas, through the elaboration of the complete project and its review, till the possibility of the actual execution of a real project. The methodology used achieves the fulfilment of the objectives of each level, also encouraging the development of final degree projects, which complement the research work of the teaching team, creating feedback between the teaching and research work that is carried out.

La luz es parte del proyecto de Arquitectura, pero conlleva una complejidad proyectual y técnica muy específicas. Su enseñanza requiere de la utilización de metodologías de enseñanza de proyectos adaptadas a dichas especificidades. En nuestra escuela buscamos sistematizar la comprensión de los efectos de la luz, para que los alumnos adquieran la capacidad de proyectar la iluminación. Esta capacidad se va profundizando en distintos niveles de formación: asignatura de grado, optativa y master de especialización. Se trabaja sobre todas las fases del proyecto, desde la comunicacion de las primeras ideas, hasta la elaboración del proyecto completo y su revisión, pudiendo llegar a la ejecución de un proyecto real. La metodología empleada consigue el complimiento de los objetivos de cada nivel, incentivado además el desarrollo de trabajos de fin de grado, que complementan la labor investigadora del equipo docente, creando una retroalimentación entre la labor docente e investigadora desarrollada.
A(t)BP: aprendizaje técnico basado en proyectos
Authors: Bertol Gros Ana , Álvarez Atarés Francisco Javier
Published: November 2022

Fact-based knowledge prevails in the teaching of technical subjects, but the professional practice of architecture requires that we give the same importance to know-how. This paper presents a proposal that seeks to emulate architectural practice by developing a project from the technical approach of four subjects: Geometry I (1º), Installations I (2º), Structures I (2º) and Structures III (3º). The proposal received funding thanks to the university's own teaching innovation grants. The project required students to design and calculate an ephemeral pavilion with a wooden structure. Working collaboratively and vertically, that is, in groups with at least one student from each subject, the final work was evaluated in the four participating subjects. The aim of this proposal was to increase the motivation of the students by making them see the connection between the knowledge of the technical subjects in an architectural project.

El conocimiento basado en hechos prevalece en la enseñanza de las asignaturas técnicas, pero la práctica profesional de la arquitectura requiere que demos la misma importancia al saber hacer. Esta comunicación presenta una propuesta que busca emular la práctica de la arquitectura desarrollando un proyecto desde el enfoque técnico de cuatro asignaturas: Geometría I (1º), Instalaciones I (2º), Estructuras I (2º) y Estructuras III (3º). La propuesta recibió financiación gracias a las becas de innovación docente de la propia universidad. El proyecto requería que los alumnos diseñaran y calcularan un pabellón efímero con estructura de madera. Trabajando de forma colaborativa y vertical, es decir, en grupos con al menos un alumno de cada asignatura, el trabajo final fue evaluado en las cuatro asignaturas participantes. Con esta propuesta se buscaba aumentar la motivación de los alumnos haciéndoles ver la conexión entre los conocimientos de las asignaturas técnicas en un proyecto de arquitectura.
De vuelta al pueblo: el Erasmus
Authors: Marín Gavín Sixto , Bambó Naya Raimundo
Published: November 2022

The text presents the results of a teaching experience linked to the agreement signed between the Provincial Council of Huesca and a Spanish University for the development of the program called Rural Erasmus. Participating students had to live for a month in small towns in sparsely populated areas, preparing their Final Degree Project and drawing a series of maps. The teaching experience addresses the following issues: work in rural areas, direct experience in the place of study and carrying out internships in a real environment. Thus, an autonomous learning of the student is produced, in contact with neighbors, users and administration. The Service-Learning component stands out, in which the student works without the reference of other classmates and the teacher's supervision is carried out remotely. The results allow us to speak of a satisfactory first experience while suggesting areas for improvement.

El texto presenta los resultados de una experiencia docente vinculada al convenio firmado entre la Diputación de Huesca y una universidad española para el desarrollo del programa llamado Erasmus Rural. Los estudiantes participantes debían residir durante un mes en localidades de pequeño tamaño en territorios escasamente poblados, elaborando su Trabajo Fin de Grado y preparando una serie de cartografías. La experiencia docente aborda las siguientes cuestiones: el trabajo en el ámbito rural, la experiencia directa en el lugar de estudio y la realización de prácticas en un entorno real. Se produce así un aprendizaje autónomo del estudiante, en contacto con vecinos, usuarios y administración. Destaca la componente de Aprendizaje-Servicio, en el que el alumno trabaja sin la referencia de otros compañeros de clase y la supervisión del docente se realiza a distancia. Los resultados permiten hablar de una primera experiencia satisfactoria al tiempo que sugieren campos de mejora.
BIM en el Grado en Fundamentos de Arquitectura: encuestas y resultados 2018-2021
Authors: Uranga Santamaria Eneko Jokin , Leon Cascante Iñigo , Azcona Uribe Leire , Rodriguez Oyarbide Itziar
Published: November 2022

The BIM methodology has been used as a project design and development system within the construction sector for several years. Today's architects, but especially future architects, have to adapt to this technology in order to respond to the current job market. In this context, the studies that leading to the Degree in Architecture must implement this new tool as soon as possible. The Direction Team of the School of Architecture saw the need to implement BIM in the Degree. In 2018, a team of lecturers was appointed as responsible in order to help to carry out this work. After five years of work, this communication includes one of the tasks that have been carried out, such as the survey to the members of the Degree in relation to the implementation of this new BIM methodology.

La metodología BIM se viene empleando como sistema de diseño y desarrollo de los proyectos dentro del sector de la construcción desde hace varios años. Los arquitectos actuales, pero sobre todo los arquitectos futuros, tienen que amoldarse a esta tecnología con el fin de dar respuesta al actual mercado laboral. En este contexto los estudios que conducen al Grado de Arquitectura deben implementar lo antes posible esta nueva herramienta. Desde la Dirección de la ETS de Arquitectura se vio la necesidad de implementar el BIM en el Grado. El año 2018 se designó un equipo de profesores como responsables para poder ayudar a llevar a cabo esta tarea. Después de cinco años de trabajo, en esta comunicación se recoge una de las labores que se han realizado, como ha sido el sondeo a los integrantes del Grado en relación a la implantación de esta nueva metodología BIM.
Construyendo aprendizajes desde el conocimiento del cerebro
Authors: Ros-Martín Irene
Published: November 2022

It presents an educational experience carried out in a building subject of a degree in architecture. Its foundation is based on neuroeducation, which is the application of cognitive psychology to education. Through the application of the active methodologies Project Based Learning and Flipped Learning, a didactic strategy is designed in which students must carry out a real execution project. The results are satisfactory, given the complexity of the subject. The main conclusion that is obtained is that the combination of these two methodologies, applied following the principles of neuroeducation, favors the acquisition of knowledge of the construction contents.

Se presenta una experiencia educativa llevada a cabo en una asignatura de construcción de un grado en arquitectura. Su fundamentación está basada en la neuroeducación, que es la aplicación de la psicología cognitiva a la educación. Mediante la aplicación de las metodologías activas Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos y Flipped Learning, se diseña una estrategia didáctica en la que el estudiantado debe realizar un proyecto de ejecución real. Los resultados arrojan calificaciones satisfactorias, si se tiene en cuenta la complejidad de la materia. La principal conclusión que se obtiene es que la combinación de estas dos metodologías, aplicadas siguiendo los principios de la neuroeducación, favorece la adquisición del conocimiento de los contenidos de construcción.
Cartografía colaborativa de los espacios para los cuidados en la ciudad
Authors: España-Naveira Paloma , Morales-Soler Eva , Blanco-López Ángel
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the design and implementation of a transdisciplinary didactic proposal based on controversy mapping, as a pedagogical technique to address controversies about socially acute questions such as space for care in the city by developing multidimensional thinking (critical, creative, and caring). This preliminary study analyses the collaborative map produced by architecture students in Architectural Projects 2 and presents their perceptions of the activity. The results include the collaborative map drawn up by the students in which they geolocate in a specific place in the study neighbourhood, La Trinidad in Malaga, the actants they have previously investigated, highlighting that all the proposed actants are non-human. The students say that the activity has given them a more realistic view of the neighbourhood and has helped them to understand how it works.

En este trabajo se presenta el diseño y puesta en práctica de una propuesta didáctica transdisciplinar basada en la cartografía de controversias, como técnica pedagógica para abordar controversias sobre cuestiones socialmente vivas como el espacio para los cuidados en la ciudad desarrollando el pensamiento multidimensional (crítico, creativo y cuidadoso). En este estudio preliminar se analiza la cartografía colaborativa elaborada por estudiantes de arquitectura de la asignatura de Proyectos Arquitectónicos 2 y se presentan sus percepciones sobre la actividad realizada. En los resultados se incluye el mapa colaborativo elaborado por los estudiantes en el que geolocalizan en un determinado lugar del barrio de estudio, la Trinidad en Málaga a los actantes sobre los que previamente han indagado, destacando que todos los actantes propuestos son no-humanos. Los estudiantes señalan que la actividad les ha aportado una visión más realista del barrio y les ha ayudado a entender cómo funciona.
¿Cuánto mide? Una experiencia reflexiva previa como inicio de los estudios de arquitectura
Authors: Galera-Rodríguez Andrés , González-Gracia Elena , Cabezas-García Gracia
Published: November 2022

To be familiar with exact measurements in architecture is not always an easy task, even more so at the beginning of the profession. This educational experience aims to make new students think about how the size of other unknown objects can be deduced from known reference objects. To do this, we work on the basic concepts of size, scale, and proportion, using everyday knowledge as a basis for critical reflection.

Conocer las medidas exactas en arquitectura no siempre es una tarea sencilla, más si cabe en los inicios en la profesión. Esta experiencia docente trata de hacer reflexionar a los alumnos de nuevo ingreso sobre, como a partir de objetos de referencia conocidos se puede deducir el tamaño de otros desconocidos. Para ello, se trabaja a partir de conocimientos cotidianos aplicando la reflexión crítica sobre conceptos básicos como tamaño, escala y proporción.
El collage como medio de expresión gráfico plástico ante los bloqueos creativos
Authors: Cabezas-García Gracia , Galera-Rodríguez Andrés
Published: November 2022

How does creativity arise, and are there keys, rules, mechanisms to keep it in check so that it never fails? Often, when human beings face the challenge of creating something from scratch to solve a problem, doubts arise. These insecurities are the result of our creative capacity, but where does our creativity come fromThere is no shortage of research on how insecurities affect creativity. In order to evolve and update the pedagogy of teaching, collage is introduced into the students' learning process to explore the limits of creativity.  This plastic technique was chosen in the search for a medium that would help them to express themselves beyond the exact handling of the technique. The superimposition of concept on technique.

¿Cómo surge la creatividad? ¿Hay claves, reglas, mecanismos para mantenerla a raya y que nunca falle? Con frecuencia, cuando el ser humano se enfrenta al desafío de crear algo desde cero para dar solución a un problema, surgen dudas. Estas inseguridades son fruto de nuestra capacidad creativa, pero de dónde surge nuestra creatividad. No son pocas las investigaciones sobre cómo afectan las inseguridades a la creatividad. Con el motivo de evolucionar y actualizar la pedagogía de la enseñanza se introduce el collage en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes para explorar los límites de la creatividad.  Se escoge esta técnica plástica en la búsqueda del medio que les ayude a poder expresarse más allá del manejo exacto de la técnica. La superposición del concepto frente a la técnica.
Experiencia docente conectada en Taller de Proyectos: “pensar con las manos”
Authors: Rivera-Rogel Alicia , Cuadrado-Torres Holger
Published: November 2022

The use of learning-by-doing and learning-by-building methodologies, in the intermediate-superior year of the career in architectural projects workshop, brings the student closer to future professional practice. The experience of good practices of teaching innovation in April/August 2022, materialized in an EcoHabitable Device Prototype, emphasizes that the construction of 1:1 scale model is the link to improve the design process. The prototype with a sustainable zero waste approach and using a single material such as wood has allowed us to visualize real construction processes and better understand the space in three dimensions. The objective of this manuscript is to expose and reflect on the advantages of this participatory and experimental teaching practice in teams, students, and teachers, from its inception to its construction.

El empleo de metodologías didácticas como “learning by doing” y “learning by building” en la asignatura de taller de proyectos arquitectónicos, dentro del año intermedio-superior de la carrera, aproxima al estudiante al futuro ejercicio profesional. La experiencia de buenas prácticas de innovación docente abril/agosto 2022, materializada en un Prototipo Dispositivo EcoHabitable, enfatiza que la construcción de modelos a escala 1:1 es el vínculo para mejorar el proceso de diseño. El prototipo con un enfoque sostenible de cero desperdicios y empleando un único material como la madera ha permito visualizar procesos constructivos reales y a entender de mejor manera el espacio en tres dimensiones. El objetivo de este manuscrito es exponer y reflexionar las ventajas de esta práctica docente participativa y experimental en equipo, de estudiantes y profesores, desde sus inicios hasta su construcción.
Mapping como herramienta de pensamiento visual para la toma de decisiones proyectuales
Authors: Fonseca Alvarado Maritza Carolina , Vodanovic Undurraga Drago , Gutierrez Astete Gonzalo
Published: November 2022

From a reflection on the importance of visual thinking (VP) and critical observation in the architect’s education, this paper investigates mapping as a mechanism of graphic facilitation that allows an approach to the architectural context with a look filtered by the previous inquiry and guided in two main stages. A divergent stage, in which different elements of the context are explored and a convergent stage, in which critical observations are focused to generate a project purpose. The mapping experience developed in the Project Workshop, its foundations, methodology and results over several years of implementation are described. The methodology is based on seven criteria: Study, Contextualization, Verification, Co-construction, Concretion, Planning and Proposal, seeks to enhance the PV as a fundamental tool of the architect and shows how to generate elements of collective work that integrate diverse views on the living environment.

A partir de una reflexión sobre la importancia del pensamiento visual (PV) y la observación crítica en la formación del arquitecto, este trabajo indaga sobre el mapeo, o mapping en inglés, como mecanismo de facilitación gráfica que permite realizar una aproximación al contexto arquitectónico con una mirada filtrada por la indagación previa y guiada en dos grandes etapas una divergente en la que se exploran distintos elementos del contexto y una convergente en donde se focalizan las observaciones críticas para generar un propósito de proyecto. Se describe la experiencia de mapping desarrollada en el Taller de Proyectos, sus fundamentos, metodología y resultados a lo largo de varios años de implementación. La metodología basada en siete criterios: Estudio, Contextualización, Constatación, Co-construcción, Concreción, Planificación y Proposición, busca potenciar el PV como herramienta fundamental del arquitecto y muestra cómo generar elementos de trabajo colectivo que integran diversas miradas sobre el entorno habitable.
Mejora de las destrezas profesionales en el proyecto de estructuras del Máster habilitante
Authors: Perez-Garcia Agustin
Published: November 2022

Among the competencies set out in Section 5 of the Annex to Orden EDU/2075/2010 on the university degree that officially qualifies for the practice of the profession of architect, express mention is made of "CE01(E). Aptitude to conceive, calculate, design and integrate into buildings and urban ensembles and execute: building structures". This is a core and specific competence whose didactic development differs from one Spanish School of Architecture to another. This paper provides a critical review of the learning outcomes achieved by students over the last seven years that has been taught the Master in Architecture degree. It also describes the Educational Innovation and Improvement Project launched in the current academic year (2021-22) that constitutes the second itinerary of the course. Finally, a comparative analysis of the learning outcomes observed in the two itineraries is made.

Entre las competencias fijadas en el Apartado 5 del Anexo a la Orden EDU/2075/2010 sobre el título universitario que habilita oficialmente para el ejercicio de la profesión de arquitecto, se menciona expresamente la “CE01(E). Aptitud para concebir, calcular, diseñar e integrar en edificios y conjuntos urbanos y ejecutar: Estructuras de edificación”. Se trata de una competencia troncal y específica cuyo desarrollo didáctico difiere de unas a otras Escuelas de Arquitectura españolas. La presente comunicación aporta una revisión crítica de los resultados del aprendizaje alcanzados por los estudiantes a lo largo de los siete cursos que lleva implantado el Máster. También se describe el Proyecto de Innovación y Mejora Educativa puesto en marcha el presente curso (2021-22) y que constituye el segundo itinerario de la asignatura. Por último, se realiza un análisis comparado de los resultados del aprendizaje constatados en cada uno de los dos itinerarios.
La investigación narrativa como forma de investigación del taller de proyectos
Authors: Uribe Lemarie Natalia
Published: November 2022

The following text is part of the results of a dissertation in Education about teaching and learning in the design studio. It is taken as a dynamic structure that links tradition, normative and institutional provisions, the design process, and the study of some educational models, but, above all, it focuses on the relationship between its main actors: students and teachers. Narrative inquiry is taken as the methodological path to acquire these experiences through conversations that focused on relational issues, ways of teaching and learning, the architectonic space as a learning scenario, institutional conditions, and satellite experiences. The findings allow us to establish a current and future overview of the successes and issues to be improved in the learning experience and the design studio become meaningful.

La siguiente comunicación es parte de los resultados de una tesis doctoral en Educación sobre la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en el taller de proyectos de arquitectura. En ella el taller se toma como una estructura dinámica que vincula la tradición, las disposiciones normativas e institucionales, la proyectación y materialización de algunos modelos educativos, pero, sobre todo, se centra en la relación entre sus actores: profesores y estudiantes. La investigación narrativa fue la base metodológica para el registro de dichas experiencias por medio de conversaciones que se centraron sobre aspectos de tipo vincular, maneras de enseñar y aprender, el espacio como escenario de aprendizaje, las condiciones institucionales y vivencias satelitales. Los hallazgos permiten establecer un panorama actual y futuro sobre los aciertos y asuntos por mejorar para que la experiencia de aprendizaje del taller de proyectos sea significativa.
Superorganismo: mutaciones en el proceso proyectual
Authors: Lopez Frasca Stella , Soriano Pelaez Federico , Castillo Ana Laura
Published: November 2022

The year 2020 was marked by virtuality, a situation derived from the pandemic caused by the Covid-19 virus. This situation brought with it an infinity of structural problems in terms of the digital and spatial divide. From the shared experience, it was sought to achieve a dynamic collaborative activity where the differences and cultural coincidences of two academic units from two continents (Europe and South America) were able to achieve a synergy that would enhance critical thinking. During this linking experience, the question arose if information technology produces mutations in the Design Process. This new paradigm has had implications not only in the practice of architecture, but also in its teaching. In this way, mixed work cells were created, presenting a unique architectural project. The interchangeable corrections were closed with qualifications through the disappearance of limits and borders, and the combination in a single teaching entity.

El año 2020 estuvo marcado por la virtualidad, situación derivada por la pandemia originada por el virus Covid-19. Esta situación trajo aparejados infinidad de problemas estructurales en cuanto a la brecha digital y espacial. De la experiencia compartida se buscó lograr una actividad dinámica colaborativa donde las diferencias y coincidencias culturales de dos unidades académicas de dos continentes (Europa y América del Sur) pudieron lograr una sinergia que potenciara el pensamiento crítico. Durante esta experiencia de vinculación surgió la pregunta si la tecnología de la información produce mutaciones en el Proceso Proyectual. Este nuevo paradigma ha tenido implicancia no sólo en la práctica de la arquitectura, sino también en su enseñanza. De esta manera se constituyeron células de trabajo mixtas presentando un proyecto arquitectónico único. Las correcciones intercambiables se cerraron con calificaciones a través de la desaparición de límites y fronteras, y de la combinación en una sola entidad docente.
Cavitation Observations and Measurement of Propeller Excited Pressure Pulses in Fullscale and in Model Tests
Authors: Friesch Jurguen
Published: November 2022

Measurements of pressure fluctuations and observations of propeller cavitation were carried out aboard the single-screw container ship “Hongkong Express: In the present report, the results obtained are compared with the corresponding results from tests in the medium sized cavitation tunnel of HSVA. The comparison also includes some results of theoretical calculations.
Forces on Individual Blade of a Propeller and Pressure Variations in Systematically Varied Wake Fields
Authors: Blaurock Jorg
Published: November 2022

In an experimental investigation in a cavitation tunnel blade force measurements, cavitation observations, and measurements of hull pressure fluctuations have been performed in 4 systematically-varied wake fields. The primary difference in the wake fields lies in the velocity gradients of the circumferential inflow in the upper half of the propeller disc. The tests were performed on 2 propellers having different amounts of skew.

The most important result proved to be that small velocity gradients had an extremely beneficial effect on the hull pressure fluctuations induced on the shell plating of the propeller. The alternating loads on the individual blades, on the other hand, increased with increasing velocity gradient. A larger amount of skew proved to have a favorable effect on both cavitations cavitation and hull pressure fluctuations.
Supply chain assurance :
Authors: Boyens Jon , Diamond Tyler , Grayson Nakia , Paulsen Celia , Polk William T , Regenscheid Andrew , Souppaya Murugiah , Brown Christopher , Deane Chelsea , Hurlburt Jason , Scarfone Karen
Published: November 2022

Product integrity and the ability to distinguish trustworthy products is a critical foundation of C-SCRM. Authoritative information regarding the provenance and integrity of components provides a strong basis for trust in a computing device whether it is a client device, server, or other technology. The goal of this project is to demonstrate how organizations can verify that the components of their acquired computing devices are genuine and have not been tampered with or otherwise modified throughout the devices' life cycles. This project addresses several processes: how to create verifiable descriptions of components and platforms, which may be done by original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), platform integrators, and even information technology (IT) departments how to verify devices and components within the single transaction between an OEM and a customer how to verify devices and components at subsequent stages in the system life cycle in the operational environment. This project will use a combination of commercial off-the-shelf and open-source tools to describe the components of a device in a verifiable manner using cryptography. Future builds of this project may cover other critical phases of C-SCRM.
Supervised Spatial Regionalization using the Karhunen-Loève Expansion and Minimum Spanning Trees
Authors: Daw Ranadeep , Wikle Christopher K.
Published: November 2022

The article presents a methodology for supervised regionalization of data on a spatial domain. Defining a spatial process at multiple scales leads to the famous ecological fallacy problem. Here, we use the ecological fallacy as the basis for a minimization criterion to obtain the intended regions. The Karhunen-Loève Expansion of the spatial process maintains the relationship between the realizations from multiple resolutions. Specifically, we use the Karhunen-Loève Expansion to define the regionalization error so that the ecological fallacy is minimized. The contiguous regionalization is done using the minimum spanning tree formed from the spatial locations and the data. Then, regionalization becomes similar to pruning edges from the minimum spanning tree. The methodology is demonstrated using simulated and real data examples.
Macroscopic control of cell electrophysiology through ion channel expression
Authors: García-Navarrete Mario , Avdovic Merisa , Pérez-Garcia Sara , Ruiz Sanchis Diego , Wabnik Krzysztof
Published: November 2022

Cells convert electrical signals into chemical outputs to facilitate the active transport of information across larger distances. This electrical-to-chemical conversion requires a tightly regulated expression of ion channels. Alterations of ion channel expression provide landmarks of numerous pathological diseases, such as cardiac arrhythmia, epilepsy, or cancer. Although the activity of ion channels can be locally regulated by external light or chemical stimulus, it remains challenging to coordinate the expression of ion channels on extended spatial–temporal scales. Here, we engineered yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to read and convert chemical concentrations into a dynamic potassium channel expression. A synthetic dual-feedback circuit controls the expression of engineered potassium channels through phytohormones auxin and salicylate to produce a macroscopically coordinated pulses of the plasma membrane potential. Our study provides a compact experimental model to control electrical activity through gene expression in eukaryotic cell populations setting grounds for various cellular engineering, synthetic biology, and potential therapeutic applications.
Convergence of two global regulators to coordinate expression of essential virulence determinants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Khan Hina , Paul Partha , Sevalkar Ritesh Rajesh , Kachhap Sangita , Singh Balvinder , Sarkar Dibyendu
Published: November 2022

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is known to function as a global regulator of Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene expression. Sequence-based transcriptomic profiling identified the mycobacterial regulon controlled by the cAMP receptor protein, CRP. In this study, we identified a new subset of CRP-associated genes including virulence determinants which are also under the control of a major regulator, PhoP. Our results suggest that PhoP as a DNA binding transcription factor, impacts expression of these genes, and phosphorylated PhoP promotes CRP recruitment at the target promoters. Further, we uncover a distinct regulatory mechanism showing that activation of these genes requires direct recruitment of both PhoP and CRP at their target promoters. The most fundamental biological insight is derived from the inhibition of CRP binding at the regulatory regions in a PhoP-deleted strain owing to CRP-PhoP protein-protein interactions. Based on these results, a model is proposed suggesting how CRP and PhoP function as co-activators of the essential pathogenic determinants. Taken together, these results uncover a novel mode of regulation where a complex of two interacting virulence factors impact expression of virulence determinants. These results have significant implications on TB pathogenesis.
Clinical Study of Granulomatous Mastitis- A Rare Entity
Authors: Goel Ayush Mohan , Prasad Keshav , Math Sunil Kumar , Viswanath Vivek , Garg Monika , Bhura Arushi
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Granulomatous Mastitis (GM), a rare and benign disorder, has two forms- Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis (IGM) and Specific Granulomatous Mastitis (SGM). IGM is caused without any particular discernable and attributable cause while SGM is caused secondary to tuberculosis, other infectious causes like syphilis, fungal, parasitic infections, corynebacterial; Wegener’s granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, reaction to a foreign body, vasculitis etc. Aim: To identify clinical presentations and to formulate a treatment protocol for patients with granulomatous mastitis. Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective descriptive observational study conducted at Government Wenlock Hospital and Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Attavar, Mangalore, Karnataka, India, from October 2015 to March 2018 on 32 patients admitted to the Department of General Surgery in the study centre, who had a histopathological diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis. All the relevant data of the patients: demographic data and clinical findings, any medical co-morbidities was collected by telephonic interview and case sheets, operative notes were studied thoroughly and the patients were followed up for regression of their signs and symptoms at one month, two months and six months of their hospital visits. Results of microbial cultures or stains, imaging (mammography, ultrasound if done) and biopsy results were collected. All the collected data was analysed by Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test and the p-values <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Total of 32 female patients (13 patients were in the age group of 31-40 years) were analysed in the present study. A total of 27 (84.4%) had last child birth <5 years back. The patients who presented with a left laterality lesion were 25 (78%) with statistically significant difference. A total of 18 (56%) of the patients had a lesion in the upper outer while 11 (34%) in lower outer quadrant of breast. A total of 29 (90.6 %) of patients, the disease was extending upto the areola region. All the patients had a firm lump and out of these, 25 (78.1%) of the patient presented with a painful lump. Inflammatory skin changes were seen in 20 (62%) of the patients. Retraction of nipple was presented in 26 (81%) of the patients. A total of 19 (59.4%) patients underwent an excision biopsy of the lump and 22 (69%) patients were initiated with Antitubercular Therapy (ATT). Conclusion: Granulomatous mastitis is a highly unpredictable disease with frequent flares and periods of inactivity which may falsely be considered as successful treatment. Due to rare nature of this disease, randomisation of all treatment modalities are available.
Comparison of Dermoscopic Findings of Chronic Hand Eczema and Palmoplantar Psoriasis: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Srinivas Shilpitha , Siddalingappa Karjigi , Herakal Kallappa C , Murthy Srinivasa K
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Differentiation between Chronic Hand Eczema (CHE) and Palmoplantar Psoriasis (PP) is a diagnostic challenge. Dermoscopy can helpto distinguish between the two conditions. Aim: To establish and compare the dermoscopic findings of the CHE and PP using DermLite DL4 dermoscope and to confirm the accuracy of the dermoscopic findings with the histopathological findings. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Navodaya Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Raichur, Karnataka, India, from January 2017 to June 2018. Fifty patients each of CHE (26 male and 24 female subjects) and PP (25 male and 25 female subjects) were included in the study. A detailed clinical history, cutaneous clinical and dermoscopic findings of each case were noted. A 4 mm punch biopsy was taken from 30 patients for histopathological analysis. The data was tabulated, analysed and tested for significance using the Chi-square test. Results: The mean age of the patients was 46±4 years. On dermoscopic examination, diffuse white scales in 45 (90%) patients, over a red background in 49 (98%) patients with regularly arranged dots and globules in 45 (90%) patients was seen in PP. Patchy yellow scales 46 (90%), yellow dots, globules and yellow to brown crusts against a yellow background was seen in all patients (100%) of CHE (p-value <0.001). Histopathological findings are in agreement with dermoscopic findings in 9/16 and 10/14 cases of CHE and PP respectively. Conclusion: Dermoscope is a useful non invasive clinical aid to differentiate between CHE and PP. The presence of diffuse white scales over a red background and regularly arranged vessels indicates PP, whereas the presence of patchily distributed yellow scales, yellow dots and globules; and yellow to brown crusts against a yellow background is more suggestive of CHE.
Effects of Different Drying Methods on Quality Parameters of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Obtained from the Local Market of Bangladesh
Authors: Rana Md. Masud , Newaz Asif Wares , Habib Nurul , Hassan Naimul , Faridullah Md. , Talha Md. Abu , Saeid Abu
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of various drying methods on quality parameters such as proximate composition, rehydration characteristics, total volatile basic Nitrogen (TVB-N), and consumer acceptance of tilapia. Three different types of dryers, viz., ring tunnel dryer (RTD), oven dryer (OD), and smoke dryer (SD), were used for a specific period. The proximate composition of dried tilapia varied from each drying method. The moisture content of SD samples (25.33%) contains more moisture than others, while significantly lower moisture contents were observed in RTD. High protein levels (62.81%) and (61.69%) were found in a sample obtained from OD and RTD, respectively. The protein content was significantly (P≤0.05) reduced in SD tilapia (54.35%). The higher lipid contents found in RTD and OD samples were 7.48% and 7.49%, respectively. The highest ash contents were recorded in RTD (14.89%). TVB-N content ranged between 7.03 to 7.45 mg/100 g, and the lowest TVB-N value was observed in RTD products. The RTD products hold more water, and the rehydration rate was faster than others. The sensory characteristics of dried tilapia obtained from RTD had better in terms of odor, color, texture, and general appearance, except the texture of SD products, was found to be better as compared to others. Overall, the results demonstrated that RTD products compete with SD with few exceptions RTD would be the better choice for tilapia drying.
Analysis of Ramadan Effect on Indonesian Islamic Stock Market: Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) (2016-2020)
Authors: Sejati Hiro , Lihan Irham , Hendrawaty Ernie
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of Ramadan on the Indonesian Islamic stock market: Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) (2016-2020) which by looking at the difference in return and trading volume activity between Ramadan and non-Ramadan months, this study also aims to determine the difference between the beginning, middle and end of Ramadan. The sample in this study were thirty companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) during Sha'ban, Ramadan and Shawwal from 2016-2020. The data used in this study is secondary data, and the data analysis technique used is the one-way ANOVA test and the Kruskall-Wallis  test.

The results of this study indicate that Ramadan does not have a positive effect on the Indonesian Islamic stock market: Jakarta Islamic Index (JII), which is indicated by no significant difference in returns and trading volume activity between Ramadan and non-Ramadan. Furthermore, there is no significant difference in return and trading volume activity at the beginning, middle and end of Ramadan.
Above-ground Carbon Stocks of Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea Plantations in Njala University, Southern Sierra Leone
Authors: Kainyande Aruna , Otesile Adegboyega A. , Kyaw Hsu Y.
Published: November 2022

The unprecedented increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration has attracted global research attention on the potential role of tree plantations in climate change mitigation. There is an urgent need to estimate the above-ground biomass (AGB) and carbon stock in forest plantations. This is particularly essential for Sierra Leone, where above-ground biomass (AGB) and carbon stock data are presently lacking. This study estimated the above-ground biomass accumulation and carbon stock of Tectona grandis Linn.f. and Gmelina arborea Roxb. in the spacing and plantation trials at Njala University, Southern Sierra Leone. The assessment was based on a total inventory of trees having a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm and tree height. Above-ground biomass (AGB) was estimated using the allometric equation by Chave et al. (2005), and above-ground carbon (AGC) stock was calculated by multiplying the biomass with a conversion factor of 0.5. The result showed that the mean above-ground carbon stock for Gmelina arborea was higher in the plantation trial (25.2 t ha-1) than in the spacing trial (7.5 t ha-1). For Tectona grandis, the mean above-ground carbon stock was similarly higher in the plantation trial (6.6 t ha-1) than in the spacing trial (1.5 t ha-1). The results further suggest that the variation in the means of above-ground carbon stock is not dependent on the tree species type and experimental site because there were no significant differences (P>0.05) between the tree species and experimental sites.
An Overview of COVID-19 Vaccines: Challenges of the Discovery and Development by the Pharmaceutical Industries
Authors: Tembe-Fokunang Estella Achick , Banin Andrew Nyuyki , Fokam Joseph , Fonmboh Dobgima John , Kaba Kristen Nubia , Fokunang Lovet Benyella , Ehigiator Ben Enoluomen , Igweze Zelinjo N. , Tishkoff Sarah , Duerr Ralf , Fokunang Charles Ntungwen
Published: November 2022

The coronavirus (COVID-19) took the world by storm and triggered intensive research mobilization and action towards vaccines and drug repurposing. This pandemic triggered an emergence therapy intervention of which the development of new vaccine and drug repurposing were good options that was to be validated by regulatory authorities for potential use for enhancing acquired immunity for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). Prior to the outbreak that led to the global health emergency intervention, an understanding of the viral architecture, pathophysiology and mechanism of action and functions were well established.  The global health disaster caused by COVID-19 has generated significant interest globally for research in vaccine discovery and development by many research institutions and Pharmaceutical sectors since 2019. So far, the approval of many clinical trials tested vaccines by the regulatory authorities have led to the need for post approval concerns of efficacy, safety and quality of these approved vaccines. This review paper attempts to explore the vaccines approved for global access to the population discovery and development process, the potential safety implications. An insight into other therapy options such as the convalescence plasma treatment and management for the global COVID-19 pandemic has been reviewed.
Design and Development of a Low Cost Laterite Sieving Machine
Authors: Adejugbe I. T. , Olowonubi J. A. , Aigbovbiosa J. O. , Komolafe O. , Ogunkoya A. K. , Alasoluyi J. O. , Olusunle S. O. O.
Published: November 2022

Sieving has been an essential process in the use of laterite for building, agriculture, etc. However, manual laterite sieving results to drudgery, fatigue, and time wastage during the processing. The method of laterite sieving is still being done manually in some parts of the country and therefore labour intensive. This is because a lot of Small and Medium Scale Entrepreneurs cannot afford the existing sieving machines because of their cost implications and availability. The simple aim of this paper is to develop a laterite sieving machine that will enhance the efficient sieving of laterite sand to be used in the construction/housing sector and also to reduce drudgery. This paper presents the design of an efficient laterite sieving machine that was developed with locally sourced materials with ease of maintenance amongst other advantages. The machine motion was designed with the concept of crank and slider mechanism. The machine is powered with a 2.43kW, 2600 RPM diesel engine and with the appropriate pulley ratio, the machine operated at a speed of 440RPM with an operating rate of 300kg/hour. The machine component parts include prime mover, Hopper, driving/driven pulley, belt guard, sieving unit and the machine frame. Several fabrication techniques such as welding, machining, etc. are adopted for the fabrication of the machine. Dry laterite sample was tested with the machine for operational effectiveness and the result shows that the machine has a sieving capacity of 300kg/hr and sieving efficiency ranging from 92 - 97%. The fabricated laterite sieving machine performed well with high sieving efficiency, reliability, durability with an estimated cost of  646, 684.00 Nigerian Naira.

The study was carried out in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. A performance evaluation was carried out on the machine and the sieving efficiency is 96% was achieved.
Can Other Comprehensive Income be Used for Tax Avoidance?
Authors: Kusuma Marhaendra , Rahayu Puji
Published: November 2022

Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) is the impact of applying fair value accounting, namely the difference between the fair value of assets (liabilities) and their carrying values. Uncertainty about the time and amount of OCI which is a medium for tax avoidance. This study provides empirical evidence whether OCI can be used for tax avoidance, data from 504 companies listed on the IDX for 2016 – 2020. The results show that companies in Indonesia do not carry out earnings management for tax avoidance through OCI, companies in Indonesia consistent in realizing OCI according to the plan for the previous period, there is no time delay or change in the amount of OCI realization. The novelty of this study lies in the effect of OCI on tax avoidance, in addition to previous literature such as the influence of governance, political connections, foreign interests, legal systems, and CSR.
Highlights From Infectious Disease Week 2022—COVID-19, HIV, Monkeypox, and Polio
Authors: Suran Melissa
Published: November 2022

This Medical News article explores timely topics discussed at the annual IDWeek conference.
Validation of Case Identification for Melasma Using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision Codes
Authors: Theodosakis Nicholas , Yoon Jaewon , Young Katherine , Getachew Ethiopia , Mostaghimi Arash , Semenov Yevgeniy R.
Published: November 2022

This cross-sectional study assesses the validity of using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) code for melasma appended to a clinic visit to identify adult patients meeting diagnostic criteria for melasma.