bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOBRE O PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO DA POPULAÇÃO EM SITUAÇÃO DE RUA DE ITAJAÍ/SC
Authors: Silva Leonardo José da , Lopes Tatiana Matias , Vernal Javier Ignacio
Published: June 2020

Neste artigo, buscamos refletir sobre o perfil sociodemográfico da População em Situação de Rua (PSR) no município de Itajaí - SC. Considerando que esse segmento populacional não é contemplado nas pesquisas censitárias nacionais, como as do IBGE, recuperamos informações do Cadastro Único, instrumento oficial do Governo Federal para identificação censitária e levantamento de demandas da população brasileira de baixa renda.Os dados oficiais foram contrastados com outros dados censitários, a fim de subsidiar as reflexões propostas. Acreditamos que o CadÚnico ainda não é suficiente para traçar diagnósticos relacionados à PSR, uma vez que requer alterações estruturais em sua forma de organização e registro. Apesar de levantar dados importantes sobre a dinâmica de vida da PSR, como locais de pernoite e tempo de rua, não disponibiliza estes dados para consulta pública. Consideramos que existem experiências exitosas por parte da iniciativa da sociedade civil de diagnóstico desta população,as quais poderiam ser reconhecidas como exemplo para a implementação de políticas públicas para a população em situação de rua.
Design and Simulation of a Steam Turbine Generator using Observer Based and LQR Controllers
Authors: jibril mustefa , Tadese Messay , Alemayehu Eliyas
Published: June 2020

A steam turbine generator is an electromechanical system which converts heat energy to electrical energy. In this paper, the modelling, design and analysis of a simple steam turbine generator have done using Matlab/Simulink Toolbox. The open loop system have been analyzed to have an efficiency of 76.92 %. Observer based & linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controllers have been designed to improve the generating voltage. A comparison of this two proposed controllers have been done for increasing the performance improvement to generate a 220 DC volt. The simulation result shows that the steam turbine generator with observer based controller has a small percentage overshoot with minimum settling time than the steam turbine generator with LQR controller and the open loop system. Finally, the steam turbine generator with observer based controller shows better improvement in performance than the steam turbine generator with LQR controller.
Performance Investigation of Hydraulic Actuator Based Mass Lift System using MPC and LQR Controllers
Authors: jibril mustefa , Tadese Messay , Alemayehu Eliyas
Published: June 2020

A hydraulic actuator is a system that can provide a large power amplification in industries and factories. In this paper, mass lifter hydraulic actuator system to a desired displacement is designed using optimal control theory. MPC and LQR controllers are used to design and improve the performance of the hydraulic actuator. The hydraulic actuator system is linearized using Taylor series linearization method and designed using Matlab/Simulink tool. Comparison of the hydraulic actuator with MPC and LQR controllers using three desired output displacement signals (step, sine wave and white noise) is done and simulation results have been analyzed successfully. For the desired step input signal, the hydraulic actuator system with MPC controller lower rise and settling times with small percentage overshoot as compared to the hydraulic actuator system with LQR controller and for the desired sine wave signal, the hydraulic actuator system with MPC controller almost track the desired sine wave input signal correctly as compared to the hydraulic actuator system with LQR controller. While for the desired white noise input signal, the hydraulic actuator system with MPC controller have tried to track the desired white noise input signal with small variation in amplitude as compared to the hydraulic actuator system with LQR controller. Finally the comparative simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed hydraulic actuator system with MPC controller.
O cuidado de si e o envelhecimento
Authors: Miranda Fábio Batista , Santiago Lívia Maria
Published: June 2020

O cuidado de si no processo de envelhecimento relacionados à atividade física, se apresentam como uma estratégia na busca de sujeito ativo e saudável. Objetivou-se identificar novas concepções e práticas de saúde a partir de um olhar do próprio sujeito da experiência de envelhecer. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 10 idosos cadastrados em um Programa de Academia Pública no município do Rio de Janeiro. Coletaram-se os dados em entrevista com questionário semiestruturado, após assinatura do termo de consentimento e aprovação pelos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ e da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, sob os números de pareceres 1.817.687 e 2.046.713, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos foram apresentados em forma de quadros com análise à luz das observações de Bardin. Os achados demonstram que há indícios da reinvenção da velhice, são os novos velhos reinventados no tempo e no espaço, conduzidos através do cuidado com o corpo, mente ou espírito. Conclui-se que, mesmo com as limitações físicas e sociais na velhice é possível manter-se ativo, autônomo, independentemente da idade e das diferentes formas e dinâmicas de envelhecer no curso de suas vidas.
Caracterização dos casos de malária na região extra amazônica brasileira entre 2012 a 2017
Authors: Pereira Braz Ana Rachel , Martins Coelho Bringel Karlla Karinne , De Albuquerque Pinheiro Oliveira Lorena , Cutrim de Oliveira Filho Israel James , De Oliveira Trajano Iza Luana , Rodrigues Costa Júnior Antônio Luís , De Souza Costa Sueli , Carneiro Alves de Oliveira Bruno Luciano
Published: June 2020

A malária é um problema de saúde pública global, com 216 milhões de casos em 2016, sendo que no Brasil houve 191 mil em 2017. É transmitida especialmente em áreas endêmicas, na região da Amazônia brasileira, embora com registros nas áreas não endêmicas com elevada letalidade. Nesse sentido, buscou-se caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico dos portadores de malária na região extra-amazônica brasileira nos anos de 2012 a 2017 e para isso, foi realizado um estudo descritivo utilizando-se de dados secundários dos casos confirmados e notificados de malária na região extra-Amazônica brasileira, obtidos dos arquivos no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. No período em questão, foram notificados 3.797 casos, a maioria homens (79,0%), de 20–39 anos de idade (48%) e 40–59 anos de idade (35,5%), raça não branca (46,6%), na região sudeste do país e em decorrência P. vivax (66,7%), e cujos primeiros sintomas surgiram nos meses de dezembro a março. Observou-se perfil importante de características associadas aos casos na área não endêmica do país e que ações de controle e vigilância permanentes precisam ser realizadas contra o mosquito transmissor da doença.
Spatial social work, social pedagogy and the arrival of COVID-19 in practice: Prospects for new ways of working in uncertain times
Authors: Lang Bianka
Published: June 2020

This practice paper explores a direct work tool within a reflective supervision session relating to spatial social work, inspired by Christian Spatscheck’s 2019 article ‘Spatial approaches to social work – theoretical foundations and implications for practice and research’. I talk about using a map with a young person to look at their social spaces and what they mean to them, gaining an insight into their lived experiences linked to exploitation. The paper also looks at how COVID-19 has changed our ways of working, and what opportunities this may bring for future planning of social spaces and the inclusion of young people.
FILSAFAT IBN THUFAYL DAN NOVEL HAYY BIN YAQDHAN
Authors: Syamsuddin Muh.
Published: June 2020

Hayy bin Yaqdhan is a treatise aimed at providing a scientific explanation of the beginnings of human life on earth. This treatise is Ibn Thufayl’s presentation of knowledge, which seeks to harmonize Aristotle with Neo-Platonists on the one hand, and Al-Ghazali with Ibn Bajjah on the other. Ibn Thufayl followed the middle way, bridging the gap between the two parties.Hayy bin Yaqdhan is a thought experiment. It was built on Ibn Sina’s thought experiment about “Flying Man” which calls for a living human mind, driven by the Active Intellect, the principle by which God communicates His truth to the human mind and establishes order and intelligence to nature.The findings of Ibn Thufayl’s thought experiment with his fiction is that language, culture, religion, and tradition are not essential for the development of a perfect mind even, perhaps, blocking its progress. This result shows a hard slap for social structures that exist in general and specifically Institutional Islam. Social criticism, which complements Ibn Thufayl’s critical message, is not left implicit. The criticism was explained in the meeting between Hayy bin Yaqdhan and members of a society governed by the religion of prophetic revelation. Ibn Thufayl has expressed Neo-Platonism postulates about religious harmony and philosophy.
Standardization of the Involvement of Relatives in Public Service: Fighting Corruption or Interfering with Privacy?
Authors: KOLOMOIETS Tetiana , KURINNYI Yevhen , KUSHNIR Serhii , DIKHTIIEVSKYI Petro , DIKHTIIEVSKYI Petro , SHARAIA Anna
Published: June 2020

The search of effective ways of preventing corruption in all its manifestations in the public service should be directly related to the in-depth study and formation of common standards of legal regulation of "involvement" of close persons of public servants in his professional activity, the special nature of personal relations which creates preconditions for possible use (as well as his or her relatives) of public service for his private interests. The purpose of the work is to highlight the problematic aspects of the legal regulation of the principles of "involvement" of close persons in public service relations and to formulate proposals for the formation of uniform standards for the regulation of such relations. The research methodology of this article is a combination of general scientific and specific methods of scientific knowledge. The dialectical method was chosen as the basic method, and the methods of semantic analysis, logical-legal and comparative-legal, forecasting, modeling were additionally used. Justifying the different degree of "attachment" of close persons to the professional activity of a public servant to find out the possible prerequisites and manifestations of the use of the latter benefits and advantages of the public service to satisfy private interests, it is proposed to regulate the relations of lifestyle monitoring, full verification of the finance declaration with taking into his or her family, and "gift" relationships of relatives, normalizing patterns of their possible behavior.
State and Trends of the Road Goods Transportation Field Development in Ukraine
Authors: KARBOVSKA Liubov , BRATUS Anna , LOZHACHEVSKA Olena , ZHELEZNIAK Ekaterina , NAVROTSKA Tamara
Published: June 2020

The advantages of using motor transport for transportation of goods are substantiated. On the basis of an analysis of the indicators of the volume of transported goods and the turnover of goods of motor transport in a number of countries of Europe (Austria, Great Britain, Spain, Italy, Poland, Finland, France, the Czech Republic, Sweden), reduction of activity in the field of road transportation of goods in 2013 − 2014 and its activation in 2015-2016 are established; in addition, the influence of such negative environmental factors on the activity of road transportation of goods as reduction of the trade turnover of these countries with Russia as a result of the EU sanctions, increasing competition in the road transportation market, and the strengthening of the EU requirements for rolling stock and social guarantees for transportation workers was identified. The statistical data on the volume of transported goods and goods turnover of motor and all types of transport during 2012 − 2017 in Ukraine was explored, and a number of problems were identified that hinder the development of this sphere of activity, the main of which are: low quality of transport infrastructure and, above all, unsatisfactory conditions of road communication lines and corruption in the road construction sector, resulting from inefficient management of the field of activity; low level of safety control as far as road traffic and environmental protection are concerned; environmental pollution by road transport with emissions of harmful gases and transport noise, etc. The basic areas of the development of the sphere of road transportations of goods and of the network of highways are determined.
Innovation Prosperity Index and its Impact on a Country’s Capacity Management
Authors: DANKO T.P. , CHAYKOVSKAYA L. A. , KISELEV V.M. , SOLOVYOVA M.G. , NEDELKIN A.A. , RAUSKIENE Ona , SEKERIN V.D.
Published: June 2020

This research analyzes the issues of the positioning of Russia in relation to four countries selected for the study: Germany, Spain, Portugal and Greece. Using the Prosperity/Innovation Index developed by the Legatum Institute, which is formed under the influence of various factors, and the economic-mathematical apparatus and statistical methods, a forecast model has been built that can be used with a sufficient degree of reliability to assess the dynamics of development in the future.
Methodological Bases for Planning the Economic Safety of an Enterprise
Authors: DANILOVA Elvira I. , MARCHENKO Valentyna M.
Published: June 2020

On the basis of the analysis of the existing scientific approaches to planning of economic safety of an enterprise, the methodological provisions of planning the economic safety of the enterprise were developed in the part concerning the formation of specific principles of planning the economic safety; identification of component, functional and systemic hazards; aggregation of stages of planning of economic safety of an enterprise. The generalization of practical approaches to the planning of economic safety allowed us to form its basic postulates, which are: submission of current plans to the strategic plan of economic safety; submission of the rules of economic security to the plans of the enterprise; complexity and interconnectedness of plans of economic, informational, authority, ecological safety. The scientific approaches to the interpretation of the economic essence and the logical sequence of actions in the part of the assessment and analysis of threats, hazards and risks are systematized. The criteria for identifying threats, hazards and risks are theoretically defined. It is analytically proven that at any time in the company there is a set of threats, hazards and risks of different nature of origin, therefore the methodical planning tools should be based on a combination of methods of evaluation and prevention of all types of present threats, the hazards of past threats and current risks of past threats and future risks of the present threats Taking into account the totality of objects of threats, dangers and risks in the activity of enterprises, the stages of planning the economic safety of an enterprise are proposed, implementation of which allows to identify, assess and develop a set of measures for their avoidance or reduction of losses from their occurrence.
Formation of the Economic Security System of Tourism and Hospitality Enterprises
Authors: KRUPSKYI Oleksandr P. , SARDAK Sergii E. , KOLBUSHKIN Yuriy P. , STASYUK Yuliia M.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the paper is to consider genesis and approaches to forming a security culture of tourism and hospitality enterprises that are superstructures of economic, industrial, professional, household, ecological, psychological and social security. In the research, apart from general scientific methods, we used the collection and analysis of primary information obtained from the survey of 220 respondents. Three areas that have a decisive influence on the security of tourism and hospitality enterprises have been identified: organizational culture, decision-making responsibility, and competitiveness. The decision-making methods for different leadership styles were identified. There were conceptualized connection and strength of correlation between types of strategic decisions, leadership styles and organizational culture of tourism and hospitality enterprises. It has been proposed the factors’ configuration relevant to the security of tourism and hospitality enterprises, which focuses on the economic security formation as a function of organizational culture, responsibility for decision making and competitiveness. The styles of leadership and decision-making styles have been revealed, which determine the effectiveness of economic security of tourism and hospitality enterprises.
Labor Absorption and the Growth of Agricultural Output: A Simultaneous Spatial Durbin Panel Data Model Perspective of Fiscal Decentralization’s Impact in Indonesia
Authors: MUSTAQIM MUSTAQIM , SETIAWAN SETIAWAN , SUHARTONO SUHARTONO , ULAMA Brodjol Sutijo Suprih
Published: June 2020

This study aims to examine the empirical and short-term relationship between the implementation of fiscal decentralization policies and employment in Indonesia during the period from 2007-2015. We observe the impact of local government policies during the decentralization period through regional fiscal policy instruments, using the simultaneous equation of spatial Durbin panel data with the GMM approach. Significant changes that were expected from the post-centralization era after 1.5 decades of this policy have not been seen. Our main findings document that fiscal decentralization has not yet had a positive effect on employment and the agricultural sector’s production.
Models of Adaptive Targeted Forecasting of Socio-Economic Region Development Indicators
Authors: DAVNIS Valeriy Vladimirovich , DOBRINA Maria Valeryevna , CHEKMAREV Artem Vitalievich , TINYAKOVA Viktoria Ivanovana
Published: June 2020

The aim of the paper is description of the new approach, which provides the construction of models having the opportunity to reflect in the predicted trajectories of the plans, the expected implementation of which in the future period will lead to changes in the past patterns of socio-economic development of the region. In order to implement this idea, it is proposed to use the adaptive mechanism of targeted adjustment of the forecast model coefficients. Correction is based on the newly received observation data. As a newly arrived observation, a specially formed target value is used, in which the plan is concentrated on changing existing patterns. It is possible to conduct multivariate predictive calculations depending on the variation of target settings, followed by an assessment of the obtained options’ preference according to special criteria.

Results: computational experiments with models built on real data showed that the proposed approach is a fairly effective tool for developing forecasts of the socio-economic development of regions and municipalities.
Evaluation of Companies: Consistent Approaches
Authors: GRIBOV Alexander Fedorovich , MAXIMOV Denis Alekseevich , DOROKHINA Elena Yuryevna
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the problems of valuing companies. It is shown that on the basis of a generalized model in comparison with the Modigliani-Miller models a number of contradictions can be explained, arising in solving problems of evaluating the effectiveness of investment decisions. It is also shown that the formulas known in corporate finance sometimes lead to false judgments in cases of calculating the value of companies with a debt burden.
Development of Trade Relations between Kazakhstan and the Countries of Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)
Authors: DOSMUKHAMEDOVA Zarina , ZHIYENTAYEV Sansyzbay
Published: June 2020

The purpose of research is to analyze strength of mutual trade relations between Kazakhstan and the EAEU countries. In addition, identification of the competitiveness of Kazakhstan export goods, in particular copper ore to the markets of the EAEU countries. To achieve the identified research goal, we examine the theoretical and practical integration issues. The results show that as long as the Trade Union is established, the share of mutual trade and investment has increased. However, the remaining unresolved issues impede the implementation of the Union’s goal, that is freedom of goods, services, finance and labor mobility. The authors highlight and describe the characteristic features that have contributed to the EAEU establishment. It has been brought to the sharp focus that the EAEU competition is intensifying in the current context to ensure the objective basis for considering Public Regulation of Agricultural Sector.

Along, this research, the author used methodological approaches to underline the changes of integration processes: analysis of mutual relations and sectoral analysis as well as approaches of scientific abstraction, comparative analysis and a retrospective analysis of integration processes that had been carried out. To make analysis of Kazakhstan's trade relations with the EAEU countries, the author implemented various approaches. In particular, materialist dialectics, the rising from the abstract to the concrete, induction and deduction, comparative analysis, and other approaches that made it possible to analyze the development of the trade relations between Kazakhstan and the said countries were implemented. These approaches enhanced identification of the strengths and weaknesses of the trade development in Kazakhstan and explored the dynamics of mutual flows either investments or goods.The conclusion contains some summarizing notes addressed to strengthening of economic ties within the Union.
Risk-Management of Investment Projects in Implementation of Objects of Real Economy
Authors: MILOVIDOVA Yana D.
Published: June 2020

Risk management in financial operations is based on a diverse structure and mobility of the portfolio that allow for a structural change of a project - namely, achieving synergies in the formation of the investment portfolios. However, financial operations do not always correlate with the stock exchange rules or other covenants. This provides important evidence for the restructuring purposes of the investment portfolio. In this regard, forecasting and the development of the toolkit of the risk management may be implemented only under conditions of the real object of the economy. The idea that objects of the real economy carry not only the risk of loss of the investment but also potential a technical damage is deemed to be a scientific novelty. As a place of technical damage in the system of the risk-management, it is considered to be a possible loss for the investor not only within a separate project but also throughout the whole project. In this regard, the author has carried out significant calculations according to her own methodology based on the implementation of a project of the real economy. Construction of the risk management system in an enterprise is a persistent rigorous process that requires a tremendous amount of financial, material and human resources. The practical significance of the study is defined by the need for a detailed definition of the risk-management’s practical use and qualities applied to the investment portfolio in the implementation of objects of the real economy, which explains the relevance of the study under consideration.
Identification and Analysis of the Cluster Structure of a Territory and its Impact on Regional Development: An example of Russia
Authors: KUDRYAVTSEVA Tatiana , OLANIYI Eunice Omolola
Published: June 2020

Identification, development, and management of the cluster structure of territories is an important factor of economic growth. The purpose of this study is to determine the cluster structure of Russian regions and assess the impact of these cluster specialization on the size of gross regional product (GRP). For this purpose, the methodology of the European Cluster Observatory was used and the following indicators were calculated: ‘Location quotient’, ‘Cluster size’, and ‘Cluster focus’ for 37 clusters in 83 regions of the Russian Federation within the period from 2009 to 2018. The calculation was performed using the developed automated database ‘Clusters of Russian regions’.

Based on the results obtained, the cluster specialization was determined and hypotheses were tested on the presence of positive externalities, i.e. on the existence of a positive correlation between the cluster specialization of regions and the size of their GRP from 2011 to 2015. Thus, the authors conclude that the increased specialization of Russian regions lled to positive agglomeration effects - externalities. The proposed toolkit can serve as a reference for the development and justification of the state industrial cluster policy.
The Role of Social Networks in Emergency Management
Authors: SMIRNOV Alexey , BELOZEROVA Natalia , ALANICHEVA Natalia , TRUBNIKOVA Irina , MOTORYGIN Yuriy
Published: June 2020

The article is focused on the impact of social networks which are becoming increasingly important for information dissemination, user-centered response and efficient coordination between residents and governmental departments at all stages of a disaster. We intend to examine the definition of ‘social network», the most important types of emergency domain-related social media, their functions and benefits. We also propose to investigate the recent activities of the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation in the sphere of emergency prevention and risk reduction via accessing the social networks pages and assessing their effectiveness.
Bio-oil synthesis from cassava pulp via hydrothermal liquefaction: Effects of catalysts and operating conditions
Authors: Nonchana Thanakrit , Pianthong Kulachate
Published: June 2020

The influence of catalysts and operating conditions on the conversion and yield of bio-crude oil from CP via the hydrothermal liquefaction technique (HTL) were studied. HTL is commonly used to convert CP to bio-crude oil (BCO). Three independent factors—reaction temperatures (250–350 °C), reaction times (30–90 min), and CP concentrations (5–20 wt.%)—were investigated. Proximate analysis showed that CP comprises 84.61% volatile matter and 13.59% fixed carbon. The ultimate analysis demonstrated that CP has carbon and oxygen levels of 44.86% and 46.91%, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that CP begins to decompose at temperatures between 250–350 °C. The results show that KOH is the most suitable catalyst because it provides the highest BCO yield when compared to other catalysts under the same operating conditions. We found that the ideal operating conditions for maximizing BCO performance are 250 °C, pressure of 17.0 MPa, 90 min, 5 wt.%. Under these conditions, Fourier transforms infrared analysis showed that the most abundant chemical bonds found in BCO were CH3-O, CH3-C, and CH3. The findings of the CHNS analysis showed that BCO has an H/C ratio of 2.25, similar to that of petroleum and bio-diesel. Results from a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer indicate that a fatty acid group is the main component of BCO.
Preistransparenz und -struktur von Artikelbearbeitungsgebühren
Authors: Schönfelder Nina
Published: June 2020

Das zurzeit dominierende Geschäftsmodell im Bereich von Open-Access-Zeitschriften basiert auf dem Erheben von Artikelbearbeitungsgebühren. Dieses wird im Zuge der Open-Access-Transformation weiter an Bedeutung gewinnen. In diesem Beitrag wird mittels einer linearen, multivariaten Regression analysiert, was die Höhe von tatsächlich gezahlten Artikelbearbeitungsgebühren beeinflusst. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Impact einer Zeitschrift und ihre Erscheinungsform (Open Access oder hybrid) die wichtigsten Faktoren sind.
Nondestructive Evaluation of Programmed Defects in Ti-6Al-4V L-PBF ASTM E8-Compliant Dog-Bone Samples
Authors: Na Jeong K. , Middendorf John , Lander Michael , Waller Jess M. , Rauser Richard W.
Published: June 2020

Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) was performed on laser powder bed fusion printed Ti-6Al-4V ASTM E8, Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials–compliant round dog-bone samples with and without intentional internal defects along the gauge section using X-ray computed tomography (CT) and microscopic-resolution immersion ultrasonic imaging methods. A total of six programmed defects with different dimensions in cubical and spherical shapes were equally spaced in the gauge section of the defect sample as opposed to no intentional defects in the nominal test sample. A total of 3,008 CT images were generated for each test sample with a resolution of 15 μm per slice over the entire length of the gauge section. For the ultrasonic testing (UT), a custom-made 20-MHz focused ultrasonic probe generating a 400-μm beam diameter at a focal distance of 25 mm was used along with a three-axis Cartesian coordinate scanning system capable of taking scan steps as small as 1 μm. According to the CT images, five out of six defects were detected, whereas all six defects were detected by the ultrasonic imaging method. One of the cubical defects missed by CT was found to be a 400-μm pancake-like defect with a less than 20 μm of volumetric separation between the two faces according to the ultrasonic images and the time of flight data. Detailed information on the location, size, and shape of each defect are discussed in this work along with a comprehensive comparison between the CT and UT images.
Coupon-Level Mechanical Testing for Polymer-Based Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Park Chul Y. , Rupel Keith E. , Henry Chelsey E. , Palliyaguru Upul R.
Published: June 2020

The term additive manufacturing (AM) is used to describe processes of joining materials to make parts from a three-dimensional model data, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing. Although AM technology offers potential cost savings, production efficiencies, and distinct design features that cannot be easily achieved through traditional manufacturing, it is known that the performance of a product that is additively manufactured can be sensitive to the raw materials and the process parameters used. This often means that performance can vary across a product that is additively manufactured depending on build orientation, location within the processing equipment, and the combination of process parameters utilized in fabrication. In addition, the manufacturing variations that are inherent in the AM process from build to build, machine to machine, or batch to batch can have a significant effect on the final mechanical performance of a product that is additively manufactured. The task of characterizing mechanical properties at the coupon level to represent product that is additively manufactured not only is essential in design and analysis for the desired application but also is crucial in material, process, and machine qualification efforts. In choosing a test method or coupon design, the test volume should be sufficient to properly represent the part of interest. This paper provides experiences with using current industry-accepted ASTM tensile coupon test methods on products that are additively manufactured.
A Comparison of Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility in Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Roach Michael , Williamson R. Scott , Pegues Jonathan , Shamsaei Nima
Published: June 2020

Additive manufacturing (AM) is quickly becoming a viable alternative to manufacture metallic materials used in the biomedical industry. Since as-built AM materials present different microstructures and show different material properties compared with their wrought counterparts, the assessment of previously well-understood wrought Ti-6Al-4V (TAV) material properties need to be revisited for AM parts. Historically, wrought TAV alloys have shown little, if any, sensitivity to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in in vitro studies simulating physiological conditions as long as aluminum and oxygen content is kept within standardized limits. For AM materials, the alloy powder is often sieved and reused multiple times. Recent studies have shown that reused powder may contain increased oxygen concentrations compared with new powder. Because increased oxygen concentration was a known predictor of SCC susceptibility in wrought titanium alloys, the SCC susceptibility of AM TAV parts manufactured from new and reused powder batches needed to be assessed. The first objective of this research was to characterize new and reused (e.g., previously used for several laser powder bed fusion fabrication iterations) AM TAV alloy powder batches. A second objective was to build specimens out of each powder type and compare the associated SCC responses of as-built and machined specimens with a physiological saline environment. As-built AM specimens from both powder types showed reduced ductility upon exposure to physiological conditions indicating a potential susceptibility to SCC. Machined AM specimens also showed significantly increased reduction of area values compared with as-built specimens regardless of the powder type utilized.
Myanmar’s Internal Ethnic Conflicts and Their Implications for China’s Regional Grand Strategy
Authors: Han Enze
Published: June 2020

This paper discusses the dynamics between Myanmar’s peace process, its mismanagement of the Rohingya crisis, and China’s strategic interests in Myanmar. It examines how internal ethnic conflicts in Myanmar will transpire and the implications for China’s grand strategy of One Belt One Road in the region.
Pro-neurotensin depends on renal function and is related to all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Tönjes Anke , Hoffmann Annett , Kralisch Susan , Qureshi Abdul Rashid , Klöting Nora , Scholz Markus , Schleinitz Dorit , Bachmann Anette , Kratzsch Jürgen , Nowicki Marcin , Paeschke Sabine , Wirkner Kerstin , Enzenbach Cornelia , Baber Ronny , Beige Joachim , Anders Matthias , Bast Ingolf , Blüher Matthias , Kovacs Peter , Löffler Markus , Zhang Ming-Zhi , Harris Raymond C. , Stenvinkel Peter , Stumvoll Michael , Fasshauer Mathias , Ebert Thomas
Published: June 2020

Background:

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high risk of premature cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and show increased mortality. Pro-neurotensin (Pro-NT) was associated with metabolic diseases and predicted incident CVD and mortality. However, Pro-NT regulation in CKD and its potential role linking CKD and mortality have not been investigated, so far.

Methods:

In a central lab, circulating Pro-NT was quantified in three independent cohorts comprising 4715 participants (cohort 1: patients with CKD; cohort 2: general population study; and cohort 3: non-diabetic population study). Urinary Pro-NT was assessed in part of the patients from cohort 1. In a 4th independent cohort, serum Pro-NT was further related to mortality in patients with advanced CKD. Tissue-specific Nts expression was further investigated in two mouse models of diabetic CKD and compared to non-diabetic control mice.

Results:

Pro-NT significantly increased with deteriorating renal function (P < 0.001). In meta-analysis of cohorts 1–3, Pro-NT was significantly and independently associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (P ≤ 0.002). Patients in the middle/high Pro-NT tertiles at baseline had a higher all-cause mortality compared to the low Pro-NT tertile (Hazard ratio: 2.11, P = 0.046). Mice with severe diabetic CKD did not show increased Nts mRNA expression in different tissues compared to control animals.

Conclusions:

Circulating Pro-NT is associated with impaired renal function in independent cohorts comprising 4715 subjects and is related to all-cause mortality in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Our human and rodent data are in accordance with the hypotheses that Pro-NT is eliminated by the kidneys and could potentially contribute to increased mortality observed in patients with CKD.
Effect of sex and sex steroids on brown adipose tissue heat production in humans
Authors: Fuller-Jackson John-Paul , Dordevic Aimee L , Clarke Iain J , Henry Belinda A
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Retrospective studies suggest that women have more active brown adipose tissue (BAT) than men, but little is known of the effect of fluctuating sex steroids across the menstrual cycle on thermogenesis in women.

Design:

To characterise the effects of sex and sex steroids on BAT activity we recruited healthy weight men (n = 14) and women at two stages of the menstrual cycle (luteal, n = 9; follicular, n = 11).

Methods:

Infrared thermography measured supraclavicular temperature to index BAT thermogenesis in response to both cold (immersion of one hand in water at 15°C) and meal (Ensure, 10 kcal/kg body weight) stimuli.

Results:

Adaptive BAT temperature responses were greater (P < 0.05) in women than men, irrespective of stage of menstrual cycle. Whereas during cold exposure, the increase in BAT temperature was abrogated (P < 0.05) in women during follicular phase compared to men and women during luteal phase. Plasma concentrations of progesterone, 17β-estradiol, testosterone and cortisol were measured. Regression analyses demonstrated that baseline BAT temperature was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with progesterone levels, but was inversely associated (P < 0.05) with cortisol concentration. Both cold- and meal-induced changes in BAT temperature mildly correlated (P = 0.07; P < 0.05) with 17β-estradiol levels, but not with testosterone concentrations.

Conclusions:

Baseline supraclavicular temperature is elevated in women during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, which correlated with elevated progesterone concentrations. Women exhibited greater thermogenic responses than men, irrespective of the state of the menstrual cycle, which was associated with plasma levels of 17β-estradiol. We conclude that sex steroids may regulate BAT thermogenesis in healthy adults.
COVID-19 and androgen-targeted therapy for prostate cancer patients
Authors: Bhowmick Neil A , Oft Jillian , Dorff Tanya , Pal Sumanta , Agarwal Neeraj , Figlin Robert A , Posadas Edwin M , Freedland Stephen J , Gong Jun
Published: June 2020

The current pandemic (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health challenge with active development of antiviral drugs and vaccines seeking to reduce its significant disease burden. Early reports have confirmed that transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are critical targets of SARS-CoV-2 that facilitate viral entry into host cells. TMPRSS2 and ACE2 are expressed in multiple human tissues beyond the lung including the testes where predisposition to SARS-CoV-2 infection may exist. TMPRSS2 is an androgen-responsive gene and its fusion represents one of the most frequent alterations in prostate cancer. Androgen suppression by androgen deprivation therapy and androgen receptor signaling inhibitors form the foundation of prostate cancer treatment. In this review, we highlight the growing evidence in support of androgen regulation of TMPRSS2 and ACE2 and the potential clinical implications of using androgen suppression to downregulate TMPRSS2 to target SARS-CoV-2. We also discuss the future directions and controversies that need to be addressed in order to establish the viability of targeting TMPRSS2 and/or ACE2 through androgen signaling regulation for COVID-19 treatment, particularly its relevance in the context of prostate cancer management.
Ectoparásitos monogeneos en juveniles de Cichla monoculus (Cichlidae) de la cocha Tarapoto, río Nanay, Perú
Authors: Arbildo Ortiz Humberto , Pizango Paima Elmer , Ruiz Frias Roger
Published: June 2020

El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los ectoparásitos monogeneos y los índices parasitarios de juveniles de Cichla monoculus de la cocha Tarapoto, río Nanay, Perú, colectados entre julio y setiembre de 2011. Se examinaron 30 juveniles (35.9 ± 14.0 g y 14.46 ± 1.97 cm). Las aletas, fosas nasales y los arcos branquiales fueron removidos y colocados en placa petri con agua destilada, para la busqueda de monogeneos. Los parásitos fueron fijados en glicerina amonio-picrato (GAP) para observar las estructuras esclerotizadas. Se registraron 2343 monogeneos en las branquias, colectándose 240 individuos e identificándose tres especies: Gussevia longihaptor (prevalencia= 80% intensidad media = 5.21 parásito/pez, abundancia media = 4.17 parásito/pez), Gussevia undulata (prevalencia = 70%, intensidad media = 4.95 parásito/pez, abundancia media = 3.47 parásito/pez) y Sciadicleithrum ergensi (prevalencia = 23.3%, intensidad media = 1.57 parásito/pez, abundancia media = 0.23 parásito/pez). Las dos primeras especies son consideradas especies centrales, mientras que la tercera es considerada especie satélite. Así mismo, S. ergensi es reportado por primera vez en el Perú y en Cichla monoculus.
Presencia emergente de Pasteurella bettyae en el aparato genital de una mujer
Authors: Gómez-Camarasa Cristina , Foronda-García-Hidalgo Carla , Borrego Jiménez Jaime , Fernández-Parra Jorge , Gutierrez-Fernández José
Published: June 2020

Se describe un caso clínico donde se demuestra la presencia de Pasteurella bettyae en un exudado endocervical en una paciente de 45 años, pero no se puede asegurar como la causa única de la infección. Su presencia puede indicar una colonización, aunque este microorganismo no es reconocido como parte de la microbiota humana. A pesar de su rareza, gracias a la prueba de Maldi-Tof aplicada a colonias que crecen en medios de cultivo, es posible conocer la presencia infrecuente de este tipo de microorganismo.
Caracterización genética y patrones de resistencia antimicrobiana en cepas de Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium en cuyes de crianza intensiva
Authors: Huamán Meylin , Pérez Crhistian , Rodríguez Jorge , Killerby Marjorie , Lovón Stephane , Chauca Lilia
Published: June 2020

El objetivo del estudio fue realizar la caracterización fenotípica y genética de 35 aislados de Salmonella Typhimurium provenientes de sistemas de producción de cuyes en la región Lima, Perú, con relación a la resistencia a antimicrobianos. Se determinó el perfil de 11 antibióticos (florfenicol, sulfametoxazol, doxiciclina, oxitetraciclina, amoxicilina, enrofloxacina, norfloxacina, levofloxacina, ciprofloxacina, colistina y fosfomicina), genotipificación por técnicas de ERIC-PCR y perfil de genes de resistencia a quinolonas (qnrB, qnrD, qnrR, aa6), tetraciclinas (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD), fenicoles (cat1, cat2, cmlA, cmlB) y sulfametoxazol (sul1, sul2). Los resultados indican la presencia de multidrogo resistencia en un 80% (n=28) de las cepas, siendo la resistencia más común al antibiótico colistina (91.4%), seguido del sulfametoxazol (68.6%) y enrofloxacina (62.9%), y con una moderada resistencia a amoxicilina (20%), ciprofloxacina (20%) y norfloxacina (11.43%). Nueve de 14 genes de resistencia fueron detectados, con una mayor frecuencia de los genes tetB (71.4%), sulI (57.1%) y cat2 (48.6%). Se observó la presencia de siete perfiles genéticos diferenciados (A-G) distribuidos en dos clústeres genéticos, siendo el perfil D más frecuente (54.3%) seguido del perfil C (28.6%) de frecuencia. Los resultados sugieren la presencia de cepas de Salmonella Typhimurium con moderada variabilidad y perfiles de multidrogo resistencia con la presencia de genes de resistencia, principalmente para tetraciclinas y sulfonamidas.
Correlación fenotípica y estimación del peso vivo en bovinos criollos
Authors: Contreras P. José L. , Cordero F. Alfonso , Reymundo C. Blas , Ramos A. Hebert E. , Curasma C. James , Delgado C. Alfredo
Published: June 2020

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las correlaciones fenotípicas entre el peso vivo (PV) y las medidas biométricas de 90 bovinos criollos, de ambos sexos y edades diversas, procedentes de la Comunidad de Conayca en Huancavelica, Perú, para definir ecuaciones de predicción del PV. Se hicieron mediciones de ancho de cabeza (AC), longitud de cabeza (LC), ancho de tórax (ATO), altura de tórax (ALT), longitud de cuerpo (LCU), perímetro torácico (PT), altura de cruz (ACR), ancho de grupa (AGR), longitud de grupa (LGR), perímetro de caña anterior (PCA), distancia dorso lumbar (DDL), altura de grupa (ALG), longitud de tórax (LTO), largo de cuerpo (LAC) y perímetro abdominal (PAB). Las observaciones fueron analizadas utilizando modelos lineales, incluyendo el efecto del sexo y la edad dentaria de los animales. Las medidas biométricas fueron ajustadas en una regresión lineal múltiple de primer grado para obtener las ecuaciones de predicción de PV de los animales. La edad dentaria fue la fuente de variación más importante en cada una de las características, excepto para ALT. El sexo solamente afectó significativamente al PCA y ALG. Se detectaron correlaciones fenotípicas altas y significativas (p<0.001) entre el PV y las medidas de PT (0.91), LC (0.79), ACR (0.77), ALG (0.78) y LAC (0.89). El PT + ACR + LAC presentó la ecuación de predicción más precisa (R2 = 1.0000), seguido por la participación del PT + LAC (R2 = 0.9775) y del PT (R2 = 0.9274). Se concluye que el PV de los bovinos criollos estudiados se puede predecir satisfactoriamente a partir del PT, o PT + LAC o PT + ACR + LAC, donde la edad dentaria es el factor que influye en mayor grado en las predicciones.
Evaluación de dimetilacetamida y dimetilformamida como agentes crioprotectores para espermatozoides epididimarios de alpaca (Vicugna pacos)
Authors: Contreras Winnie , Ruiz García Luis , Santiani Alexei
Published: June 2020

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto de dos tipos (dimetilacetamida [DMA] y dimetilformamida [DMF]) y tres concentraciones (1, 3.5, 7%) de agentes crioprotectores sobre parámetros espermáticos durante el proceso de criopreservación de espermatozoides epididimarios de alpaca. Se empleó un diseño factorial 2 x 3 formado por los dos crioprotectores y las tres concentraciones. Se evaluaron los parámetros de viabilidad espermática (SYBR-14/PI) y potencial de membrana mitocondrial (MitoTracker Deep Red FM) mediante citometría de flujo y motilidad pos-descongelación por microscopía de muestras de material espermático de 40 epidídimos. Se encontró un mayor porcentaje de motilidad pos-descongelamiento con DMA (14%) que con DMF (10%) (p=0.001). Además, hubo efecto significativo de la concentración del crioprotector en todos los parámetros evaluados (p<0.001), siendo mejor en las concentraciones de 1 y 3.5% que con 7%. No se halló efecto significativo de la interacción crioprotector-concentración.
Temperatura ambiental y su efecto sobre parámetros fisiológicos en vacas Nellore y cruces bajo condiciones del trópico peruano
Authors: Unchupaico P. Ide , Bazán A. Luis , Quispe E. Carlos , Ancco G. Edith
Published: June 2020

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las constantes fisiológicas relacionadas con la termorregulación corporal, así como parámetros hematológicos básicos entre vacas Nellore y sus cruces bajo estrés calórico. El estudio se desarrolló en la provincia de Satipo, región Junín, Perú, a 628 msnm. Se trabajó con 16 vacas cruzadas (Brown Swiss x Nellore) y 16 vacas Nellore. Las constantes fisiológicas (temperatura corporal, frecuencia respiratoria y frecuencia cardiaca) se evaluaron en horas de la mañana (06:00-07:00) y en la tarde (14:00-17:00). Se tomaron muestras de sangre para determinar hemoglobina (g/dl), hematocrito (%), volumen corpuscular medio (VCM, fl), hemoglobina corpuscular media (HCM, pg), concentración de hemoglobina corpuscular media (CHCM, g/dl). Las funciones termorreguladoras (temperatura rectal, frecuencia cardiaca y frecuencia respiratoria) se vieron afectadas en horas de estrés calórico en los dos grupos raciales (p<0.05). Los valores hematológicos se encontraron dentro de los rangos referenciales, excepto el VCM y la HCM.