bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic laryngeal muscle activity in response to autonomic nervous system activation
Authors: Helou Leah B. , Wang Wei , Ashmore Robin C. , Rosen Clark A. , Abbott Katherine Verdolini
Published: April 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

To determine whether the intrinsic laryngeal muscles exhibit a response to induced autonomic nervous system (ANS) activation, and to characterize responses that may occur.

Study Design

Prospective within‐subjects study.

Methods

A cold pressor (CP) task was used to trigger a whole‐body ANS response in eight vocally normal adult females. Surface electromyography of the trapezius muscle and bipolar hook‐wire electromyography of intrinsic laryngeal muscles, as well as cardiovascular measures of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (systolic [SBP] and diastolic [DBP]), were used to characterize participants' response to CP exposure compared to at‐rest baseline.

Results

Cardiovascular response to the CP task was confirmed for subjects via HR or blood pressure measures. Post hoc Bonferroni analysis confirmed statistically significant increases in HR (P = .027), SBP (P < .001), and DBP (P < .001) during the CP task as compared to baseline. Concurrent increases in muscle activity were generally observed in trapezius, posterior cricoarytenoid, bilateral thyroarytenoid/lateral cricoarytenoid muscle complex, and bilateral cricothyroid muscles for each subject. Three individuals elected to repeat the CP task and displayed the same pattern of laryngeal response as observed in their first exposure. Results for repeated baseline measures obtained after the cessation of the CP task were compared to pre‐CP baseline. Overall laryngeal activation remained even after the cardiovascular response was attenuated.

Conclusions

Results are consistent with the suggestion that human laryngeal muscles exhibit an elevated level of activation concurrent with ANS activation, and endorse the putative link between laryngeal muscle tension and acute stress. Findings are replicable within a subset of three individuals.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 123:2756–2765, 2013
Intratympanic dexamethasone injection for refractory tinnitus: Prospective placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Choi Seong Jun , Lee Jong Bin , Lim Hye Jin , In Seung Min , Kim Jong‐Yeup , Bae Kyung Hee , Choung Yun‐Hoon
Published: April 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of intratympanic dexamethasone injections (ITDI) for refractory tinnitus.

Study Design

A prospective, placebo‐controlled, randomized, double‐blind study.

Methods

Thirty patients with refractory tinnitus who were diagnosed in the Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea, between 2006 and 2007 were enrolled and then were assigned into two groups of ITDI (15 patients) or saline (15 patients) by permuted block randomization. Intratympanic injections were double‐blind performed four times within 2 weeks. After 4 weeks, we analyzed the improvement and aggravation rates of tinnitus using the following parameters: questionnaires, tinnitus handicap index (THI), loudness matching test, frequency, and duration of tinnitus.

Results

The effectiveness rates of ITDI for refractory tinnitus reported in the tinnitus questionnaires, in the THI, and in the loudness matching test were all 33.3% in the steroid group, and 26.7%, 40.0%, and 26.7% in the saline group, respectively. However, there were no statistically significant differences in both groups. To analyze the therapeutic effect of ITDI on tinnitus under 6 months of its development, the improvement rates reported in the tinnitus questionnaires, in the THI, and in the loudness matching test were all 28.5% in the steroid group, and 40.0%, 40.0%, and 30.0% in the saline group, respectively. There were also no statistically significant differences in both groups.

Conclusions

ITDI may not be effective for refractory tinnitus. The indication of ITDI for tinnitus needs to be limited to specific cases.

Level of Evidence

1b. Laryngoscope, 123:2817–2822, 2013
Objective hearing threshold estimation in children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder
Authors: He Shuman , Teagle Holly F. B. , Roush Patricia , Grose John H. , Buchman Craig A.
Published: April 2013

Laryngoscope, 123:2859–2861, 2013
Strategic Delegation in a Multiproduct Mixed Industry
Authors: Ho Shirley J. , Sung Hao‐Chang
Published: April 2013

We examine strategic delegation in a multiproduct mixed duopoly with nonprofit organization (NPO) and for‐profit organization (FPO). We will demonstrate that the nonprofitable mission service can reduce both the interest conflicts between the NPO and FPO owners and those between the NPO owner and self‐benefited manager. The profit orientation in the compensation schemes will vary with different relative costs. Although the NPO owner may have a different objective from the FPO owner, they all end up having their managers raise their prices and reducing competition in the profitable market. Moreover, as the regulated price of mission service increases, both firms will charge more for their profitable services, but the owner of NPO could still overcompensate her or his manager, when the indirect impact on increasing the conflict of interest is higher than the direct impact on price. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shancigusins E‐I, five new glucosides from the tubers of Pleione yunnanensis
Authors: Dong Hai‐ling , Liang Han‐qiao , Wang Chun‐lan , Guo Shun‐xing , Yang Jun‐Shan
Published: April 2013

Five new glucosides, shancigusins E‐I (1–5) were isolated from the tubers of Pleione yunnanensis (Rolfe) together with 18 known compounds. The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive analyses of their spectroscopic data. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerating hyperpolarized metabolic imaging of the heart by exploiting spatiotemporal correlations
Authors: Weiss Kilian , Sigfridsson Andreas , Wissmann Lukas , Busch Julia , Batel Michael , Krajewski Marcin , Ernst Matthias , Kozerke Sebastian
Published: April 2013

Hyperpolarized 13C‐labeled pyruvate is a promising tool to investigate cardiac metabolism. It has been shown that changes in substrate metabolism occur following the induction of ischemia. To investigate the metabolic changes that are confined to spatial regions, high spatiotemporal resolution is required. The present work exploits both spatial and temporal correlations using k–t principal component analysis (PCA) to undersample the spatiotemporal domain, thereby speeding up data acquisition. A numerical model was implemented to investigate optimal acquisition and reconstruction parameters for pyruvate, lactate and bicarbonate maps of the heart. Subsequently, prospectively undersampled in vivo data on rat hearts were acquired using a combination of spectral–spatial signal excitation and a variable‐density single‐shot echo planar readout. Using five‐fold k–t PCA, a spatial resolution of 1 × 1 mm2 at a temporal resolution of 3 s was achieved. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Brief: BRCA1 and BRCA2
Authors: Foulkes William D , Shuen Andrew Y
Published: April 2013

The discovery of the first major breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA1, occurred almost 20 years ago. BRCA1, together with BRCA2 remain the most important discoveries in human cancer genetics. Identification of highly penetrant mutations in these two tumour suppressor genes has had broad implications for women at risk and their families, for health professionals caring for these persons and for basic researchers. The BRCA proteins have many critical functions, the most notable of which, from a clinical perspective, is repair of double‐strand DNA breaks. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reinforcement effect of nanodiamond on properties of epoxy matrix
Authors: Rakha Sobia Allah , Raza Ramsha , Munir Arshad
Published: April 2013

Epoxy/nanocrystalline diamond nanocomposites composites were prepared by dispersing ultrasonically, 0.4, 0.7, 1.0, and 4.0 wt% acid‐treated nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) powder in epoxy matrix. Fourier infrared spectroscopy was utilized to study the moieties attached to the nanodiamond particles. The trace elements present in NCD powder before and after acid treatment were analyzed by ion beam techniques. Thermomechanical properties of the nanocomposites showed that incorporation of low content (0.4 wt%) of nanodiamond powder into epoxy matrix enhanced the storage modulus, loss modulus, and hardness by ∼68, ∼55, and ∼86%, respectively, over neat epoxy. By increasing the concentration of modified NCD to 0.7 wt% resulted in lower values of hardness and thermomechanical properties but still remain higher than neat epoxy. An increasing trend in properties was again observed at 4 wt% concentration of modified nanofiller. The glass transition temperature was up shifted to ∼110°C over neat epoxy. The mechanisms responsible for enhanced properties of epoxy matrix are also discussed in detail. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:811–818, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Electrochemical fabrication of polyaniline/MnO2/graphite felt as free‐standing, flexible electrode for supercapacitors
Authors: He Mingping , Zheng Yuying , Du Qifeng
Published: April 2013

Polyaniline/MnO2/graphite felt (PMGF) composite, which can be used as a novel free‐standing, flexible electrode for supercapacitors, was fabricated via a facile electrochemical method. Polyaniline/graphite felt (PANI/GF) electrode was prepared by electropolymerization of PANI onto the GF. Subsequently, manganese dioxide (MnO2) was electrodeposited on the surface of the PANI/GF electrode to prepare PMGF electrode. The microstructure and morphology of the as‐prepared samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Specific surface area was examined using N2 adsorption/desorption test. Cyclic voltammogram, chronopotentiometry techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were introduced to investigate the electrochemical performance of the composites. The PMGF electrode exhibited specific capacitance as high as about 630 F g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1, which is much higher than that of PANI/MnO2 composites reported previously. The high specific capacitance of PMGF may be attributed to the fact that the porous GF is a good conductive matrix for the dispersion of PANI/MnO2 and it can facilitate easy access of electrolytes to the electrode, which results in enhancement of the electrochemical performance of the composite. Moreover, the specific capacitance of PMGF is much larger than that of MnO2/GF (MGF), which may be ascribed to the participant of PANI, which contributes additional pseudocapacitance and electron transport path. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:819–824, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of double vacuum bagging (DVB) in quickstep processing on the properties of 977‐2A carbon/epoxy composites
Authors: Alam Khan Laraib , Mahmood Ali Hasan , Ahmed S. , Day Richard J.
Published: April 2013

An aerospace grade prepreg 977‐2A carbon/epoxy composite was processed using traditional oven/autoclave and relatively new technique, Quickstep (QS). The manufacturer's recommended autoclave cure cycle was employed for oven/autoclave processing while due to greater flexibility to control the cure cycle temperature in order to manipulate the resin viscosity, several cure cycles were employed for Quickstep processing. Optimization methodology and effect of these cure schedules and their comparison with traditional oven/autoclave curing is presented in previously published article. However, in order to reduce the total cycle time of QSAD (QS‐60) cure schedule, an attempt was made to facilitate the excess resin to squeeze out during QS‐35 and QS‐45 cure. This attempt was based on the incorporation of double vacuum bagging (DVB) technique into Quickstep processing. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate any effect of DVB in Quickstep processing and it was observed that incorporation of DVB in Quickstep processing is not found to be significantly effective, however, it is believed that small resin rich patches of QS‐45 cured panels can be removed with controlled application of external pressure using DVB. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:942–952, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Variability of ffDNA in maternal plasma does not prevent correct classification of trisomy 21 using MeDIP‐qPCR methodology
Authors: Kyriakou Skevi , Kypri Elena , Spyrou Christiana , Tsaliki Evdokia , Velissariou Voula , Papageorgiou Elisavet A. , Patsalis Philippos C.
Published: April 2013

Objective

The goal of this study is to evaluate the amount of free fetal DNA (ffDNA), total DNA, and ‘fetal fraction’ found in maternal plasma and whether these influence the enrichment ratios of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and the correct classification of trisomy 21 using the methylated DNA immunoprecipitation‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (MeDIP‐qPCR)‐based noninvasive prenatal diagnostic methodology applied in peripheral blood.

Methods

Absolute quantification of ffDNA using DYS14 and total DNA using β‐globin was applied in 83 maternal plasma samples. The quantification values for all 83 samples were correlated with the enrichment ratios of all seven DMRs and D‐values that were obtained from the diagnostic formula of MeDIP‐qPCR method.

Results

Our analysis concluded that trisomy 21 samples had significantly higher ffDNA and total DNA levels compared with those of normal samples. Enrichment ratios of the majority of DMRs studied exhibited no association with ffDNA, total DNA, and ‘fetal fraction’, and only a small portion of DMRs exhibited moderate association. Correlation studies of ffDNA, total DNA, and fetal fraction with the diagnostic D‐value showed weak to no association but without affecting the classification of trisomy 21.

Conclusion

Overall, the variability of ffDNA and total DNA among maternal samples does not affect the correct trisomy 21 classification using MeDIP‐qPCR methodology applied in peripheral blood. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validity of congenital malformation diagnostic codes recorded in Québec's administrative databases
Authors: Blais Lucie , Bérard Anick , Kettani Fatima‐Zohra , Forget Amélie
Published: April 2013

Purpose

To assess the validity of the diagnostic codes of congenital malformations (CMs) recorded in two of Québec's administrative databases.

Methods

A cohort of pregnancies and infants born to asthmatic and non‐asthmatic women in 1990–2002 was reconstructed using Québec's administrative databases. From this cohort, we selected 269 infants with a CM and 144 without CM born to asthmatic women, together with 284 and 138 infants, respectively, born to non‐asthmatic women. The diagnoses of CMs recorded in the databases were compared with the diagnoses written by the physicians in the infants' medical charts. The positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) for all, major, and several specific CMs were estimated.

Results

The PPVs for all CMs and major CMs were 82.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 78.5%–85.9%) and 78.1% (74.1%–82.1%), respectively, in the asthmatic group and were 79.2% (75.4%–83.1%) and 69.0% (64.6%–73.4%), respectively, in the non‐asthmatic group. PPVs >80% were found for several specific CMs, including cardiac, cleft, and limb CMs in both groups. The NPV for any CM was 88.2% (95% CI: 85.1%–91.3%) in the asthmatic group and 94.2% (92.2%–96.2%) in the non‐asthmatic group.

Conclusions

Québec's administrative databases are valid tools for epidemiological research of CMs. The results were similar between infants born to women with and without asthma. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surfaceomics and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy of environmental microbes: Matching cofactors with redox‐active surface proteins
Authors: Carlson Hans K. , Iavarone Anthony T. , Coates John D.
Published: April 2013

Trypsin shaving is a targeted proteomic method for identifying cell‐surface exposed proteins on bacterial cells. For the identification of redox‐active cell‐surface proteins, trypsin‐shaving datasets can be matched with surface‐enhanced Raman spectra of intact cells to identify the cofactors associated with the cell‐surface proteins. Together, these approaches could help resolve questions about the presence of cell‐surface electron transport components in environmental microorganisms, especially microbes that oxidize and reduce metals and metalloids as electron donors and acceptors.
Thermal stability of nanocrystalline electrodeposited nickel–iron
Authors: Schmitt M.‐T. , Hoffmann J. E. , Eifler D.
Published: April 2013

During the serial production process of a microgearbox, nickel–iron coatings are electrodeposited onto copper discs using various current densities and are subsequently annealed in a vacuum furnace in the temperature range between 200 and 800 °C. The microstructure (grain size and lattice strain) is characterised via X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Following electrodeposition, nanocrystalline microstructures result whose grain sizes range from 8 to 12 nm. The iron content of the investigated coatings amounts to 5.7, 8.8 and 17.7 wt.%. By means of an annealing treatment, a reduction in the lattice strain and subsequent grain growth are observed. The change of the microstructural parameters is shifted to higher temperatures in the case of increasing iron content. Light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show the formation of precipitations at about 400 °C. The indentation hardness and the indentation modulus change considerably after annealing.
A secure cluster‐based architecture for certificates management in vehicular networks
Authors: Gazdar Tahani , Benslimane Abderrahim , Belghith Abdelfettah , Rachedi Abderrezak
Published: April 2013

In this paper, we propose a distributed and dynamic public key infrastructure for vehicular ad hoc networks. We aim to achieve the fundamental security requirements, particularly the authentication, the confidentiality, and a reliable vehicle‐to‐vehicle data exchange. To make the certification authority (CA) reachable by all vehicles, we distribute its role among a set of dynamically elected vehicles. The election of dynamic CAs is based on a clustering algorithm where the cluster heads will be CAs in their clusters. The cluster heads are elected following two criteria: security and mobility. Due to the important role of the CA in each cluster and to protect it from DOS attacks, we introduce a VANETs dynamic demilitarized zone for vehicular ad hoc networks. Its role is to handle the certification requests sent to the CA from unknown vehicles, and hence, it avoids compromising it. Additionally, we detail the certificates management in the proposed public key infrastructure, and we propose a mechanism to provide anonymous vehicle‐to‐vehicle communications using pseudonyms. To study the feasibility of our distributed architecture and particularly the clustering algorithm, we propose a probabilistic model considering the speed of vehicles and taking into account the safety distance between vehicles.

We carried out a set of simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed clustering algorithm in both urban and highway environments. Hence, we study the effects of the transmission range, the speed of vehicles, and the number of trusted vehicles in the network on the stability and the efficiency of the overall proposed architecture. We also study some delays characterizing the certificates management. Our simulation results show that the security of the proposed architecture closely depends on the number of trusted vehicles in the network, and the stability depends on the mobility of vehicles on the road and on the total number of trusted vehicles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hot Deformation Behaviors of Fe–30Mn–3Si–3Al TWIP Steel during Compression at Elevated Temperature and Strain Rate
Authors: Li Dazhao , Wei Yinghui , Liu Chunyue , Hou Lifeng
Published: April 2013

The hot deformation behavior of twinning‐induced plasticity (TWIP) steel was investigated at 973–1373 K and strain rates of 0.01–20 s−1 by hot‐compression experiments performed on a Gleeble‐3800 thermo‐simulation test system. Microstructural evolution during recrystallization in the hot deformed TWIP steels was investigated by metallurgical analysis. The hot‐flow behavior can be represented by a Zener–Hollomon parameter in the hyperbolic‐sine equation. The hot‐deformation activation energy is 436.813 kJ mol−1. Deformation bands are initially generated in the deformed austenitic grains during the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of TWIP steel. With increasing temperature, the recrystallized grains emerge at the boundary junctions after the disappearance of the deformation bands. Subsequently, they gradually spread along the austenitic boundaries and exhibit a necklace shape. The dynamic recrystallized grains continuously grow until they finally reach equilibrium. The DRX mechanism of TWIP steel is a boundary bulge mechanism. The optimum hot‐working technology parameters (especially for rolling) for the TWIP steel is the deformation temperature range of 1223–1323 K, and strain rate range of 1–10 s−1.
Errors and uncertainties associated with missing wind data and short records
Authors: Salmon Jim , Taylor Peter
Published: April 2013

A near‐complete 4 year data set of 10 min average 80 m wind speeds is used to examine the impact of missing data on monthly and yearly estimates of mean wind speed and energy production from a generic wind turbine. Missing data is a source of uncertainty in wind energy resource assessment studies. Quantifying that uncertainty can improve the reliability of P90 and related wind farm energy production estimates. An empirical relationship between missing data percentage and relative uncertainty in monthly mean wind speed is derived. Relationships between uncertainties in monthly average wind speed and uncertainties in monthly energy production are also explored. In many cases with monthly data losses of 10% or less the contribution to the overall uncertainty in annual energy production will be small (<1%), but with substantial losses in cold winters, typically caused by icing; the uncertainties can become more significant. The data set is also used to indicate uncertainties associated with short data periods. Annual average wind speed estimates based on less than a complete year's data also add significant uncertainty to wind resource assessments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elimination of Immediate‐Use Steam Sterilization of Radioactive Seed Implants
Authors: Wells Marie S.W.
Published: April 2013

Immediate‐use steam sterilization (IUSS) was routinely used to prepare radioactive seeds for use in elective urology cases at an urban academic medical center. In an attempt to eliminate this practice, the senior clinical nurse queried educators from nearby facilities about their practices for processing these implants and met with all stakeholders to identify concerns and explore acceptable alternatives. After rejecting the alternative of having central sterile processing personnel sterilize the seeds, a project team conducted a trial by using manufacturer presterilized seeds. After the trial and subsequent evaluation, the team decided to convert to using presterilized seeds for all procedures. The incidence of immediate‐use steam sterilization for nonemergent brachytherapy procedures was reduced from an average of three per month to zero.
Clinical Issues—May 2013
Authors: Wood Amber , Van Wicklin Sharon A.
Published: April 2013

This Month

Immunization recommendations for perioperative observers

Key words: immunization, vaccine, vaccination, perioperative observers, perioperative visitors.

Legislation related to the immunization of perioperative observers

Key words: immunization, vaccine, vaccination, perioperative observers, perioperative visitors, students, immunization legislation, immunization regulation, immunization law.

Scrubbed personnel who are sneezing

Key words: sneezing, coughing, saliva, mucus, surgical mask.

Length of time after which a surgical mask should be changed

Key words: surgical masks, wet, soiled, filtration efficiency, microbial barrier.

Removing surgical head coverings

Key words: surgical head coverings, perioperative areas, microbial dispersal.

Surgical wound classification change after glove perforation

Key words: surgical wound classification, glove perforation, major break, sterile technique, wound contamination.
Implementing AORN Recommended Practices for Sterilization
Authors: Graybill‐D'Ercole Patricia
Published: April 2013

Any hospital or facility in which surgery and other invasive procedures are performed should have accommodations for cleaning, decontaminating, disinfecting, and sterilizing instruments, equipment, and other essential supplies that are used for patient procedures. Sterilization is essential to reducing or preventing the risk of surgical site infections. This is a collaborative process and should include all health care providers who handle these instruments, including perioperative nurses. The revised AORN “Recommended practices for sterilization,” which became effective June 15, 2012, includes updates on sterilizing single‐use items, inspecting critical items before sterilization, using low‐temperature hydrogen peroxide vapor sterilization methods, and immediate use steam sterilization. This RP document is the first AORN document to be evidence rated and accepted for inclusion in the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality National Guideline Clearinghouse.
Erroneous class switching and false VDJ recombination: Molecular dissection of t(8;14)/MYC‐IGH translocations in Burkitt‐type lymphoblastic leukemia/B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Burmeister Thomas , Molkentin Mara , Schwartz Stefan , Gökbuget Nicola , Hoelzer Dieter , Thiel Eckhard , Reinhardt Richard
Published: April 2013

The chromosomal translocation t(8;14)(q24;q32) with juxtaposition of MYC to enhancer elements in the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene locus is the genetic hallmark of the majority of Burkitt lymphoma and a subset of Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma patients. Around 3% of adult B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients show this aberration. Flow cytometry mostly reveals a “mature B‐ALL” or “Burkitt‐type” ALL immunophenotype. Using long‐distance PCR for t(8;14)/MYC‐IGH fusion, we investigated bone marrow, peripheral blood and a few other samples with suspected Burkitt‐ALL or mature B‐ALL and identified 133 MYC‐IGH‐positive cases. The location of the chromosomal breaks in the IGH joining and the 8 different switch regions was determined using a set of long‐distance PCRs. The chromosomal breakpoints with the adjacent MYC regions on 8q24 were characterized by direct sequencing in 49 cases. The distribution of chromosomal breaks among the IGH joining and switch regions was the following: JH 23.3%, M 21.8%, G1 15.0%, G2 7.5%, G3 3.8%, G4 4.5%, A1 12.8%, A2 3.8%, E 7.5%. Two breakpoint clusters near MYC were delineated. There was no clear correlation between the degree of somatic hypermutation and the chromosomal break locations. Epstein Barr virus was detected in 5 cases (4%). This detailed and extensive molecular analysis illustrates the molecular complexity of the MYC‐IGH translocations and the detected distribution of breakpoints provides additional evidence that this translocation results from failed switch and VDJ recombinations. This study may serve as a model for the analysis of other IGH translocations in B‐cell lymphoma.
Commutative Algebra
Authors: Knight J. T.
Published: April 2013

This introduction to commutative algebra gives an account of some general properties of rings and modules, with their applications to number theory and geometry. It assumes only that the reader has completed an undergraduate algebra course. The fresh approach and simplicity of proof enable a large amount of material to be covered; exercises and examples are included throughout the notes.
Spatial and temporal distribution of Tabanidae in the Pyrenees Mountains: the influence of altitude and landscape structure
Authors: Baldacchino F. , Porciani A. , Bernard C. , Jay-Robert P.
Published: April 2013

In high-altitude summer pastures, horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) can be a serious nuisance to livestock, as well as mechanical vectors of animal diseases such as besnoitiosis, an enzootic disease in the Pyrenees. However, the activity of horseflies in mountainous environments is poorly documented. To study the seasonality and distribution of tabanids in the Pyrenees Mountains, a sampling design was set up in two valleys on opposite sides of the mountain, one north-facing and one south-facing, along high-elevation gradients and at different distances from a water body between May and October 2011. The influence of the landscape on species richness and abundance was assessed by taking into account forested and unforested areas in 200 m radii around the trapping sites. Our findings indicated that: (1) The slope, the altitude and the size of unforested patches significantly influenced community composition of tabanids. (2) Altitude had a positive or a negative effect, depending on the species. (3) Species richness and abundance were negatively correlated with large open habitats and positively correlated with patch-shape complexity. (4) Seasonal succession of the most abundant species was observed in both valleys, with a maximum of catches at the beginning of August; however, tabanid activity ended earlier in the southern valley, which was more exposed to sunlight. (5)Philipomyia aprica, Tabanus bromius, Tabanus glaucopisandHybomitra auripilawere active from 9:00 to 19:00 h (GMT+1), with a peak of activity at midday. This paper also discusses the implications of these findings in relation to changes in horsefly distribution and their control in mountainous environments.
BAUDELAIRE IN BAGHDAD: MODERNISM, THE BODY, AND HUSAYN MARDAN'S POETICS OF THE SELF
Authors: Bahoora Haytham
Published: April 2013

During a revolutionary period of cultural production and anticolonial political commitment in 1950s Baghdad, the modernist poet Husayn Mardan was put on trial for his “obscene” collection entitledQasaʾid ʿAriya(Naked Poems). Heavily influenced by Baudelaire, Mardan's poetics provide a revolutionary paradigm focused on the gratification of the corporeal. This paper considers how Mardan's poetry, largely marginalized from the canonized modernist Arabic poetic tradition, registers resistance to an increasingly rationalized and bureaucratic social order through a transgressive poetics that displace the political onto the body. Lampooning social uprightness and middle-class sterility, Mardan's poems encourage sexual licentiousness, embrace the space of the brothel, and celebrate filth and germs. Through a consideration of Mardan's appropriation of Baudelaire, this essay theorizes the translation and transformation of Baudelaire's paradigmatic literary representations of modernity into the context of a modernizing Baghdad and therefore historicizes the appearance of modernist aesthetics in a non-European space.
QUEER AFFECTS: INTRODUCTION
Authors: Al-Samman Hanadi , El-Ariss Tarek
Published: April 2013

When we and several authors of the articles included here originally debated the idea of this special issue, our aim was to respond to what we perceived as a standstill that locks Middle Eastern queer studies into a premodern Eastern versus modern Western-oriented division. While the East is studied as a repository of tradition with an identifiable sexual and amorous nomenclature, the West is often presented as a fixed hegemonic structure distinct from the East, regardless of the long traditions of cultural exchange and the specific forms of translation and dialogue that take shape when the identities and models of desire associated with the West travel or are performed outside it or at its periphery. This division has generated a set of binaries pertaining to the applicability of terms (gay, lesbian, homosexual) and theoretical frameworks (queer theory) to Middle Eastern literary and cultural contexts. It is our belief that critical engagements with queer Arab and Iranian sexualities in literature and culture ought to situate current discussions in queer theory within debates and concerns arising from specific Middle Eastern social and political realities.
GENUS OF SEX OR THE SEXING OFJINS
Authors: Najmabadi Afsaneh
Published: April 2013

In recent decades, Iran has witnessed radical transformations concerning the conceptualization of and procedural standards for changing sex. Psychologists, medical and legal practitioners, law enforcement officials, and scholars of fiqh have debated the advisability (in debates among health and legal professionals) or the permissibility (among scholars of fiqh) of sex-change. This article asks what historical transformations of the concept ofjins/genus have informed the debates and enabled the contemporary dominant concepts and practices that shape them. How hasjinscome to mean sex and how does this matter? The article first maps out the historical genealogy of these reconfigurations. What were some of the 19th- and pre-19th-century concepts that could be considered disparate precedents to this cluster around sex/jins? It then reviews some of the late-19th- and 20th-century reshaping of biomedical knowledge and marital practices that have contributed to the contemporary meanings ofjins.
THINKING PAST PRIDE: QUEER ARAB SHAME INBAREED MISTA3JIL
Authors: Georgis Dina
Published: April 2013

This article offers a reading of the groundbreaking bookBareed Mista3jil: True Stories, a collection of the narratives of Lebanese queers. Here, I argue, a burgeoning collective queer experience is being mapped from the conditions of Western imperialism and globalization, from the legacies of a colonial past, and from everyday life in postwar Lebanon. Resisting the urge to reduce Arab queer identities as either Western or traditionally Arab, the article suggests that though Western constructions of sexualities have certainly been influential, these identities are also responding to the local and cultural context. If we attune our readings to the affects that underlie the stories in this collection, it becomes clear that the emotional strategies to survive and negotiate the difficulties of postcoloniality are different from the strategies of post-Stonewall pride culture. Rather than stifle shame with the insistence of queer pride, this community is creating itself by expressing its suffering from the effects of shame and social humiliation. The narrative thread that comes through is not pride but hope. That is because shame, as Elspeth Probyn contends, gives access to what is most important and, as Eve Sedgwick has argued, is a resource for imagining change.
Rethinking Homonationalism
Authors: Puar Jasbir
Published: April 2013

In my 2007 monograph Terrorist Assemblages: Homonationalism in Queer Times (hereafter TA), I develop the conceptual frame of “homonationalism” for understanding the complexities of how “acceptance” and “tolerance” for gay and lesbian subjects have become a barometer by which the right to and capacity for national sovereignty is evaluated. I had become increasingly frustrated with the standard refrain of transnational feminist discourse as well as queer theories that unequivocally stated, quite vociferously throughout the 1990s, that the nation is heteronormative and that the queer is inherently an outlaw to the nation-state. While the discourse of American exceptionalism has always served a vital role in U.S. nation-state formation, TA examines how sexuality has become a crucial formation in the articulation of proper U.S. citizens across other registers like gender, class, and race, both nationally and transnationally. In this sense, homonationalism is an analytic category deployed to understand and historicize how and why a nation's status as “gay-friendly” has become desirable in the first place. Like modernity, homonationalism can be resisted and re-signified, but not opted out of: we are all conditioned by it and through it.
Transnational Governmentality and the Politics of Life and Death
Authors: Shakhsari Sima
Published: April 2013

One can ignore neither the role of diasporas nor colonial and imperial discourses of modernity in the construction of normative sexual identities and practices in the Middle East, whether in the past or the present. This is not to dismiss “local” forms of regulation, disciplining, and normalization of queers, but to point to the way that “local” state and nonstate norms of sexuality are not detached from “global” trends and transnational relationships of power. My own work on gender and sexuality within Iranian diasporic contexts engages with scholarship that postulates sexuality as a form of transnational governmentality and with analyses of homonationalism and necropolitics. I examine the representational economy of queer deaths during the “war on terror” and suggest that the Iranian transgender refugee, who has become a highly representable subject as a victim of Iranian transphobia in the civilizational discourses of the “war on terror,” dies an unspeakable death if her death disrupts the promise of freedom after flight.
The Middle East: Global, Postcolonial, Regional, and Queer
Authors: Jacob Wilson Chacko
Published: April 2013

The dislocations associated with modernity have driven scholarly, literary, and philosophical inquiries in various directions since the 19th century: Marx's materialist critique, Ranke's historical empiricism, Baudelaire'sflâneur, Simmel's studies of urban anomie and alienation, Durkheim and Weber's sociology, and so on into the 20th and 21st centuries, and now reflected in this issue ofIJMESon queer studies. Although there are vast differences among them, they share a compulsion to explain what appeared as massive reconfigurations of time and space. The proliferation of subjective possibilities was pegged to an acceleration of the former and compression of the latter; accordingly, on our radar appear the bourgeois, middle class, and worker in the long 19th century and gay, lesbian, and transgender in the late 20th, two moments of rapid globalization and subject proliferation. We are to believe that in the fullness of time all will be free and all will be good. However, in the here and now some must be unfree and some bad. The modern distinction between free and unfree, good and bad, subjects relies heavily on uninterrogated assumptions about the spatial origins, temporality, and trajectory of modernity.
WAYWARD SUBJECTS AND NEGOTIATED DISCIPLINES: BODY POLITICS AND THE BOUNDARIES OF EGYPTIAN NATIONHOOD
Authors: Booth Marilyn
Published: April 2013

Appearing on the back pages of the Cairo daily newspaperal-Muʾayyadin September 1891 and December 1889, respectively, these brief reports, juxtaposed, encapsulate some central arguments of the books under review. They exemplify everyday resort to state apparatuses for individual or collective ends, and invoke consumption practices viewed as inimical to national health and reputation at a time when the new nationalist press was beginning to voice senses of collective pride, political unease, and anticolonial antagonism. They entail perceptions of transgressed boundaries, wayward actions, or gender-inappropriate behaviors impervious to commonly recognized moral and political authority. They illustrate blurrings of “public” and “private” actions and spaces, whether in the name of public good or for ill, that might have threatened Egyptians’ felt values of moral propriety—the disciplining pull of “respectability”—in urban Egyptian society at that time. And the reportage, publication, and circulation of such stories illustrate (and make) an emerging “public sphere” of narrative, commentary, and reader consumption, simultaneously constructing and interrogating an emerging nationalist master-narrative that placed gender-marked acts and sexual practices, transgressive or not, at the center of national/ist efficacy and perceived threats to it.
Age-related effects over bilingual language control and executive control
Authors: CALABRIA MARCO , BRANZI FRANCESCA M. , MARNE PAULA , HERNÁNDEZ MIREIA , COSTA ALBERT
Published: April 2013

The aim of the present study is two-fold. First, we investigate age-related changes to bilingual language control (bLC) mechanisms across lifespan. Second, we explore the relation between bLC mechanisms and those of the domain-general executive (EC) system by looking at age effects on these two systems. To do so, we compare the performances of the three age groups of bilinguals (young, middle-aged and elderly) in a language switching task to those of non-linguistic switching task. We found an age-related change in the non-linguistic switch cost but not in the language switch cost. Moreover, we did not find any correlation between the magnitudes of the switch costs. Taken together these results indicate that bLC is not affected by age as the EC system is, and interestingly, we add new evidence that the bLC mechanisms are not fully subsidiary to those of the domain-general EC system.
Die Wahrnehmung von Esser-Prototypen als Erklärung von Geschlechterunterschieden im Ernährungsverhalten unter Berücksichtigung des Alters
Authors: Steinhilber Amina , Fuchs Tanja , Dohnke Birte
Published: April 2013

Jungen ernähren sich nachweislich ungünstiger als Mädchen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Prototypen-Wahrnehmung als Erklärung für Geschlechterunterschiede im Ernährungsverhalten von Jugendlichen unter Berücksichtigung des Alters. Angenommen wird, dass die Wahrnehmung des typischen ungesunden und gesunden Essers die Geschlechterunterschiede im Ernährungsverhalten mediiert. Weiterhin wird im Sinne einer moderierten Mediation postuliert, dass das Alter den Zusammenhang zwischen Prototypen-Wahrnehmung und Ernährungsverhalten moderiert. Befragt wurden 340 SchülerInnen an Haupt- und Werkrealschulen im Alter von 10 – 17 Jahren zu Ernährungsverhalten und Wahrnehmung von Esser-Prototypen. Im Ergebnis hatten die Jungen ein signifikant ungünstigeres Ernährungsmuster als die Mädchen und sahen den ungesunden Esser positiver sowie den gesunden Esser negativer. Dieser Geschlechterunterschied im Ernährungsverhalten wurde partiell durch die Prototypen-Wahrnehmung mediiert. Dabei wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen der Prototypen-Wahrnehmung des ungesunden Essers und des Ernährungsverhaltens durch das Alter moderiert: Bei älteren Jugendlichen hing die Wahrnehmung des ungesunden Essers stärker mit dem Ernährungsverhalten zusammen als bei jüngeren Jugendlichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, wie wichtig es ist, vor allem bei älteren Jungen eine negative Wahrnehmung des ungesunden Essers zu fördern, mit dem Ziel das Ernährungsverhalten im Jugendalter zu verbessern.
The stratum corneum comprises three layers with distinct metal-ion barrier properties
Authors: Kubo Akiharu , Ishizaki Itsuko , Kubo Akiko , Kawasaki Hiroshi , Nagao Keisuke , Ohashi Yoshiharu , Amagai Masayuki
Published: April 2013

The stratum corneum (SC), the outermost barrier of mammalian bodies, consists of layers of cornified keratinocytes with intercellular spaces sealed with lipids. The insolubility of the SC has hampered in-depth analysis and the SC has been considered a homogeneous barrier. Here, we applied time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to demonstrate that the SC consists of three layers with distinct properties. Arginine, a major component of filaggrin-derived natural moisturizing factors, was concentrated in the middle layer, suggesting that this layer functions in skin hydration. Topical application of metal ions revealed that the outer layer allowed their passive influx and efflux, while the middle and lower layers exhibited distinct barrier properties, depending on the metal tested. Notably, filaggrin deficiency abrogated the lower layer barrier, allowing specific metal ions to permeate viable layers. These findings elucidate the multi-layered barrier function of the SC and its defects in filaggrin-deficient atopic disease patients.
Characterization of an F-center in an alkali halide cluster
Authors: Bader R. F. W. , Platts J. A.
Published: April 2013

The removal of a fluorine atom from its central position in a cubiclike Li14F13+ cluster creates an F-center vacancy that may or may not be occupied by the remaining odd electron. The topology exhibited by the electron density in Li14F12+, the F-center cluster, enables one to make a clear distinction between the two possible forms that the odd electron can assume. If it possesses a separate identity, then a local maximum in the electron density will be found within the vacancy and the F-center will behave quantum mechanically as an open system, bounded by a surface of local zero flux in the gradient vector field of the electron density. If, however, the density of the odd electron is primarily delocalized onto the neighboring ions, then a cage critical point, a local minimum in the density, will be found at the center of the vacancy. Without an associated local maximum, the vacancy has no boundary and is undefined. Self-consistent field (SCF) calculations with geometry optimization of the Li14F13+ cluster and of the doublet state of Li14F12+ show that the creation of the central vacancy has only a minor effect upon the geometry of the cluster, the result of a local maximum in the electron density being formed within the vacancy. Thus the F-center is the physical manifestation of a non-nuclear attractor in the electron density. It is consequently a proper open system with a definable set of properties, the most characteristic being its low kinetic energy per electron. In addition to determining the properties of the F-center, the effect of its formation on the energies, volumes, populations, both electron and spin, and electron localizations of the ions in the cluster are determined.
What Kind of Leadership Do We Need for Climate Adaptation? A Framework for Analyzing Leadership Objectives, Functions, and Tasks in Climate Change Adaptation
Authors: Meijerink Sander , Stiller Sabina
Published: April 2013

This paper explores the relevance of various leadership concepts for climate change adaptation. After defning four main leadership challenges which are derived from the key characteristics of climate adaptation issues, a review of modern leadership theories addressing these challenges is presented. On the basis of this review we develop an integrative framework for analyzing leadership for climate change adaptation. It distinguishes between various leadership functions which together contribute to climate change adaptation: the political—administrative, adaptive, enabling, connective, and dissemination functions. Each function requires the execution of specific leadership tasks which can be performed by different types of leaders, such as positional leaders, ideational leaders, sponsors, boundary workers, policy entrepreneurs, or champions. The framework can be used to analyze or monitor the emergence and realization of specific leadership functions and to specify the need for strengthening particular functions in practices of climate adaptation.
Overeducation and Externalities in the Eu: The Combined Moderating Influence of Migration and Gender
Authors: Tselios Vassilis
Published: April 2013

Using a bivariate probit model to control for selective access to employment, with this paper I aim to see whether, as expected by theory, migration lowers the problem of overeducation and gender division raises it, paying particular attention to the role of the proximity, interactions, and externalities of the various regions in the EU. The results show that workers with low probability of employment run a high risk of overeducation when they find a job. However, the results do not show evidence that male immigrants run a lower risk of overeducation than others. Highly educated people are more likely to migrate within a country not only to achieve better career prospects and greater employment opportunities but also to reduce the propensity for overeducation. The economic development and educational endowment of the region where a worker lives can explain the risk of overeducation.