bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
”Yks ja ainoa hautaan saakka”. Merimiestatuoinnin ritualistiset ja sosiaaliset ulottuvuudet muistelukerronnassa
Authors: Ruotsalainen Jari
Published: February 2019

Sailors’ tattoos are one of the stereotypical manifestations of this micro-group’s habits and norms. The article discusses sailors’ tattoos, their visual imagery, backgrounds and social meanings. The analysis is centred on ritualistic and social extensions linked to sailor tattoos. These are discussed in the framework of social identity and Goffman’s theories about social interaction as theatrical performance. The primary materials for the research are group and mutual oral history interviews that took place during the spring and summer of 2013 in Uusikaupunki, Helsinki, Kotka and Kuopio, Finland. The oldest of the nine interviewees was born in 1926 and the youngest in 1953.

The article shows that old sailors want to distinctly separate their old tradition of tattooing from both the modern tattoo culture and prisoners’ tattoos. The landlubbers cannot make a difference between prisoners’ and sailors’ tattoos, and tattooing has not, since lately, been part of a normative representation of the human body. This has caused dramaturgical problems for the tattooed sailors in their social life. Old sailor tattoos are once respected and disappearing status symbols and marks of a unique professional group, hardworking men and a very masculine culture. Consequently, sailors’ tattoos are part of their social identity.
Esitelmä: Omaehtoista historiantuottamista
Authors: Heimo Anne
Published: February 2019

Yhteyksiä ja katkoksia. Näkökulmia folkloristiikan suhteista lähialoihin. Suomen Kansantietouden Tutkijain Seuran VII Kevätkoulu 15.–16.5. 2014 Helsingissä
Kalevalamitta oppineiden käytössä uuden ajan alun Suomessa
Authors: Kallio Kati
Published: February 2019

Perinteisesti on ajateltu, että uuden ajan alun oppineet välttelivät pakanallisena pidettyä kalevalamittaa. Sitä soveltaneet taas eivät tunteneet kunnolla suullista kansanrunoutta ja käyttivät siksi mittaa väärin. Artikkelissa pohdin, miltä 1500- ja 1600-lukujen suomenkieliset runoaineistot näyttävät, kun perinteisiä ennakko-oletuksia käännetään ympäri ja aineistojen kirjoa katsotaan oppialarajoja laajempina kokonaisuuksina.

Työn aineisto kattaa keskeisimmät 1500- ja 1600-luvun suomenkieliset runoaineistot: virsiä ja liturgisia lauluja, oppineiden kirjallisia runoja, tuomiopöytäkirjojen pilkkalauluja, suomalaisen runomitan kuvauksia, omistuskirjoituksia ja kuninkaiden titulatuuria. Tarkastelen esimerkkien kautta, minkälaisilla tavoilla erilaisia poeettisia piirteitä käytettiin ja yhdisteltiin.

Kalevalamittaa tai sen tunnuspiirteitä sellaisenaan ei tulkittu pakanallisiksi tai vältettäviksi. Sen erilaisten piirteiden käyttö ei ole poikkeus, vaan kirjallisissa lähteissä jo 1500-luvulta alkava monilajinen ja -muotoinen jatkumo, jonka puitteissa on tosin vaikea sanoa, missä milloinkin mahtoivat kulkea vanhana suomalaisena runona pidetyn muodon rajat.

Oppineiden pyrkimyksenä ei useinkaan näytä olleen tuottaa suullisen kaltaista mittaa vaan osoittaa vaihtelevin tavoin oppineisuuttaan, paikallisuuttaan ja muunkielisten runomuotojen tuntemustaan Toisaalta oppineiden runoissa yleisenä esiintyvät ”huonon” kalevalamitan piirteet ovat voineet olla myös aikakauden länsisuomalaisten kansanomaisten runojen tavanomaisia ominaisuuksia. Tällöin niiden esiintyminen olisi ennemminkin osoitus kansanrunouden tuntemuksesta kuin sen puutteesta.
Folkloristista lingvistiikkaa – Christfrid Gananderin kansanrunokoelman Lypsäjän sanat
Authors: Palola Elina
Published: February 2019

Kalevalamittaisen kansanrunouden tutkimuksella on Suomessa pitkät perinteet, mutta sen kielestä on viime vuosikymmeninä tehty lingvististä tutkimusta suhteellisen vähän. Tarkastelen artikkelissani kansanrunojen kielen tutkimusta sekä folkloristiikan että lingvistiikan kannalta ja esittelen väitöskirjassani kehittämääni tekstikriittistä menetelmää. Tarkoitukseni on havainnollistaa, kuinka kielitieteellinen folkloristisen näkökulman huomioon ottava tutkimus avaa kryptisiä runomuistiinpanoja uudella tavalla. Syvennyn käsittelemään Christfrid Gananderin kansanrunokokoelman runoa Lypsäjän sanat. Gananderin kansanrunokokoelma syntyi 1700-luvun loppupuolella. Se on ensimmäinen laaja, mutta lähdekriittisesti vaikeasti käsiteltävä kansanrunokokoelma.

Kansanrunoihin kielellisen tutkimuksen aineistona on suhtauduttu kriittisesti, mihin on osin painavat syytkin. Paljolti riippuu kuitenkin kysymyksenasettelusta ja tutkimuksen näkökulmasta, sopiiko vanha runo kielellisen tutkimuksen aineistoksi. Tässä artikkelissa jo yhden runon ja sen muutamien vaikeasti avautuvien säkeiden tulkinnan kautta saan vahvistusta väitöskirjani havaintoihin Gananderin runoaineiston laadusta. Gananderilla on selvästi ollut monista runoista hallussaan useita eri versioita, kopioita ja toisintoja – arvokkaita muistiinpanoja, joita ei ole meidän päiviimme muualla säilynyt ja joita aikalaisilla ei ole välttämättä edes ollut hallussaan. Analyysin avulla myös Lypsäjän sanojen monimutkainen maailma ja sen haastaviksi osoittautuneet säkeet avautuvat.

Runokielen perusteellinen tarkastelu täydentää ja monipuolistaa fennististä tutkimusta. Näkisin hyödylliseksi rakentaa uudelleen folkloristiselle ja fennistiselle keskustelulle sellaista vielä 1900-luvun alkupuolella vallinnutta yhteyttä, joka tukisi molempia tieteenaloja vanhan suomalaisen kansanrunon tutkimuksessa.
Kansalliset tieteet, etnomusikologia ja liikkuvan maailman problematiikka
Authors: Rautiainen-Keskustalo Tarja
Published: February 2019

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan etnomusikologia-oppiaineen kotouttamista Suomeen 1970-luvulla. Kotouttamisella tarkoitetaan prosessia, jossa kansainvälisiä virtauksia ei vain omaksuta, vaan niitä muokataan toimijoiden omien pyrkimysten ja paikallisten erityisolosuhteiden ohjaamina. Tarkastelun kohteena on Tampereen kansanperinteen arkiston perustaneen Erkki Ala-Könnin toiminta sekä etenkin ”Kansanperinne, erityisesti kansanmusiikki” -oppiaineen perustaminen Tampereen yliopistoon. Oppiaineessa yhdistyi elementtejä etnomusikologian kansainvälisistä virtauksista, musiikkitieteestä ja perinnetieteistä. Analysoin sitä miten oppiaineen perustaminen sijoittui yhtäältä perinnetieteellisiin ja toisaalta ajan yhteiskuntatieteellisiin keskusteluihin. Väitän että etnomusikologian kotouttamista leimasi metodologinen nationalismi, joka merkitsi sitä, että etusijalle tarkastelussa nousi kansallisen kulttuuriperinteen vaaliminen, vaikka perinteen moninaisuutta ja muuttuvuutta tuotiin myös esiin. 2010-luvulle tultaessa metodologisen nationalismin piirteet ovat nousseet erityisen tarkastelun kohteeksi, koska kysymys etnisyydestä on voimakkaasti politisoitunut. Tässä tilanteessa, kulttuurin käsitteen pirstoutuessa, etnomusikologinen tutkimus on joutunut miettimään uudelleen lähtökotiaan. Tarkastelun keskiössä on vuonna 1965 julkaistu Kansallisten tieteiden kehittämisohjelma, jota pidän alkuna etnomusikologian kotouttamisprosessille. Tämän lisäksi tutkimusaineistona on käytetty Erkki Ala-Könnin toimintaan liittyviä arkistoaineistoja.
Yliluonnollista vai patologista
Authors: Koski Kaarina
Published: February 2019

Kummille ja selittämättömille kokemuksille esitetään monenlaisia tulkintoja; tämä artikkeli keskittyy yliluonnollisten tulkintojen ja kokemusten medikalisoinnin väliseen suhteeseen Suomen esiteollisessa kansanuskossa ja nykypäivän keskusteluissa. Taustaksi esitellään eurooppalaista hulluuden historiaa ja hulluuden yliluonnollisia ja naturalistisia selityksiä. 1600-luvulta lähtien lääketieteelliset selitykset ovat vähitellen syrjäyttäneet yliluonnolliset tulkinnat. Tämä artikkeli lähestyy rajaa mentaalisten ongelmien ja henkisen herkkyyden välillä epäselvänä ja kulttuurisesti rakentuneena. Suomen esiteollinen kansanusko pitää niin sanottujen näkijöiden kokemia yliluonnollisia olentoja todellisina. Arkistoaineistossa henkilöitä, jotka kokevat näiden olentojen läsnäoloa toistuvasti, voidaan pitää myös hulluina tai mielisairaina. Samalla kuitenkin korostetaan, että hullulla on yhteys yliluonnolliseen. Toisena tapauksena ovat suomalaiset näkemykset kummista kokemuksista internet-keskusteluissa ja kokijoiden tutkijoille lähettämissä kirjeissä. Nykyään yliluonnollisten tulkintojen perinne on menettänyt merkityksensä. Kokemukset, jotka ovat tieteellisen maailmankuvan vastaisia, liitetään yhä useammin mielenterveyden ongelmiin etenkin maallikoiden kirjoittamissa internet-kommenteissa. Ne, jotka ovat raportoineet kokeneensa henkiolentojen läsnäoloa, kertovat olevansa aisteiltaan erityisen herkkiä mutta mieleltään terveitä. Arkielämässään ne, joilla on ollut kummia tai yliluonnollisia kokemuksia, yleensä salaavat ne leimautumisen pelossa. Kummien kokemusten arviointi on kautta historian heijastanut vallitsevia arvoja, maailmankuvaa ja valtasuhteita. Nykyään etenkin arkikeskusteluissa stigmatisoidaan ja medikalisoidaan kokemuksia, joita pidetään kulttuurisesti sopimattomina.
Kanavointi ja jakautunut yrittäjyys – henkisyyden ja yrittäjyyden yhdistämisen rajat ja mahdollisuudet
Authors: Hulkkonen Katriina
Published: February 2019

Tarkastelen artikkelissa etnografisen aineiston avulla kanavointia tekevien henkilöiden yrittäjyyttä Suomessa. Kanavoinnilla tarkoitetaan tiedon välittämistä toisilta olemisen taajuuksilta eli yleensä erilaisilta henkiolennoilta. Kanavoinnin tarkoituksena on auttaa ihmisiä antamalla heille ohjeita ja tukea. Tutkimuskirjallisuudessa sitä pidetään yhtenä new age -henkisyyden keskeisistä ilmiöistä. Artikkelin aineisto koostuu monipaikkaisen etnografian avulla muodostetusta haastattelu- ja havainnointiaineistosta sekä new age -kirjallisuudesta.

Kysyn artikkelissa, miten yrittäjyyden logiikka ja new age -tyyppisen henkisyyden logiikka rajoittavat toisiaan ja mitä ne mahdollistavat. Tarkastelen aihetta käsittelemällä kanavointiin liittyvän yrittäjyyden ominaispiirteitä, yrittäjien käsityksiä markkinoinnista sekä rahaan liittyviä näkemyksiä. Hyödynnän artikkelissa toimijaverkkoteorian ajatusta verkostosta sekä ihmisten ja ei-ihmisten kytköksistä. Esitän, että kanavointia tekevien henkilöiden yrittäjyyttä voidaan kuvata käsitteellä jakautunut yrittäjyys. Se ilmentää toimintaa ja yrittäjyyttä, joka on jakautunut useiden toimijoiden, erityisesti yrittäjien ja henkiolentojen, mutta myös asiakkaiden sekä erilaisten välineiden kesken. Kanavointia tekevien yrittäjien elämässä yrittäjyys ja henkisyys ovat vahvasti yhteen kietoutuneita. Yrittäjät kokevat, että ihmisten auttaminen kanavoinnin avulla on heidän elämäntehtävänsä. Toisaalta henkimaailmasuhteeseen perustuva työ asettaa yrittäjät yhteiskunnan marginaaleihin.
Pembuatan Buku Digital pada Ekowisata Mangrove Wonorejo Surabaya
Authors: Nurcahyawati Vivine , Sutomo Erwin , Sunarto M. J. Dewiyani
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTMangrove forests is one of the potential resources of some coastal areas of Indonesia that have ecological functions, social and economic functions, and physical functions. Good management will make the mangrove forest area as an attractive tourist area with many visitors. To make the forest area of Mangrove become an attractive tourist spot, it is needed an information media that can provide information clearly and completely. As an effort to develop the potential of ecotourism in Surabaya, Surabaya city government has established a regional technical implementation unit that is Mangrove Information Center (MIC). To help MIC, it has been made an information media that can be widely accessed by visitors with easy and interesting. The media is a digital information book about the area of Mangrove tourism, which can be accessed widely.Keywords: Mangrove, Digital Book, Information Media ABSTRAKHutan mangrove adalah salah satu sumber daya yang berpotensi di area pesisir Indonesia yang memiliki fungsi ekologis, fungsi sosial dan ekonomi, serta fungsi fisik. Pengelolaan yang baik akan membuat wilayah hutan mangrove menjadi area pariwisata yang diminati banyak pengunjung. Agar hutan Mangrove dapat menjadi kawasan tempat wisata yang menarik, maka diperlukan sebuah media informasi yang dapat menyediakan informasi secara jelas dan lengkap. Sebagai salah satu usaha pengembangan potensi lokasi ekowisata di Surabaya., pemerintah kota Surabaya telah membentuk unit pelaksana teknis daerah (UPTD) Mangrove Information Center (MIC). Untuk mengatasi permasalahan dari MIC di atas, maka telah dibuat sebuah media informasi yang dapat diakses secara luas oleh pengunjung dengan mudah dan menarik. Media tersebut adalah terbentuknya buku informasi berbentuk digital tentang kawasan wisata Mangrove, yang dapat diakses secara luas. Kata Kunci: Mangrove, Buku Digital, Media Informasi
ROLE PLAYING ACTIVITY FOR STUDENTS IN NON-ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM
Authors: Oktarin Irene Brainnita
Published: February 2019

Abstract: The researcher conducted research about role playing activity in English for business at Gentiaras College. English for business is a compulsory subject for non-English study program. The purposes of this research were to identify the students’ attitude toward role palying activity in the class and the implementation of role play in the class. The participants of this research were 25 students from management study program who took English for business subject. Questionnaire and interview were used for collecting the data. Those data were then analyzed and tabulated. The result of this study is most students have positive attitudes to role playing activity during studying English for business. Given situation based on the topics and playing the role in the class makes the students more motivated to speak English. This activity facilitates them to improve and practice their English speaking ability. Keywords: Role playing, English for business, students’ attitude Abstrak: Peneliti melakukan penelitian tentang aktivitas bermain peran dalam Bahasa Inggris untuk bisnis di STIE Gentiaras. Bahasa Inggris untuk bisnis adalah mata pelajaran wajib untuk program studi non-Bahasa Inggris. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi sikap mahasiswa terhadap aktivitas bermain peran di kelas dan pelaksanaan bermain peran di kelas. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 25 mahasiswa dari program studi manajemen yang mengambil mata kuliah Bahasa Inggris untuk bisnis. Kuesioner dan wawancara digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Data-data itu kemudian dianalisis dan ditabulasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar mahasiswa memiliki sikap positif terhadap aktivitas bermain peran selama belajar Bahasa Inggris untuk bisnis. Situasi yang diberikan berdasarkan pada topik dan memainkan peran di kelas membuat mahasiswa lebih termotivasi untuk berbicara bahasa Inggris. Kegiatan ini memfasilitasi mereka untuk meningkatkan dan melatih kemampuan berbahasa Inggris mereka. Kata Kunci: Bermain peran, bahasa Inggris untuk bisnis, sikap mahasiswa
The Last Supper and “Kneževa večera,” Parallels and Their Resonances in Traditional Christian and Serbian Folk Culture
Authors: Papo Eliezer
Published: February 2019

The New Testament episode of the Last Supper has powerful images of the suffering Jesus; of Judas, the evil disciple who betrayed him; and of Peter, the good but fainthearted disciple, who—torn between his loyalty to Jesus and his self-preservation instinct—denied his master three times in the course of a few hours, only to re-emerge as one of Christ’s most faithful apostles. This episode does not only reflect the relation of the early Church to the Jews but was also used for centuries to construct and reconstruct the relations between the two religious communities. Symptomatically, the name of the disciple who plays a diabolical role in the scene, Judas, is an eminently Hebrew (Jewish) name. Even more interestingly, it ‘happens’ to be identical with the ethnonym of the Judeans, the descendants of the biblical tribe of Judah, the inhabitants of New Testament Judaea, the later Jews. The anti-Semitic potential of the New Testament’s Last Supper was often used in traditional Christian society for creation and nourishment of anti-Jewish sentiments; or, even worse, as a pretext for anti-Jewish actions on the part of the elites (legislation, mass expulsion, etc.) or the common masses (riots, pogroms, etc.).
Solving Russian Velars: Palatalization, the Lexicon, and Gradient Contrast Utilization
Authors: Parker Jeff
Published: February 2019

Palatalized velars in Russian are often considered exceptional because they are neither fully predictable, nor clearly unpredictable. They are an example of a common phonological relationship in which sounds have the potential to distinguish words but are only utilized in limited contexts and/or lexical items. These “intermediate phonological relationships” (Goldsmith) are problematic for traditional phonological theories which make a binary distinction between predictable sounds (allophones; dealt with in the grammar) and unpredictable sounds (phonemes; dealt with in the lexicon). To deal with intermediate phonological relationships in a principled way we must reconsider assumptions about the type and amount of information stored in the lexicon.
Evaluación de la vulnerabilidad ante eventos climáticos extremos, en La Paz, Baja California Sur; México
Authors: Turrén-Cruz Thalía , Benegas Laura , Gutiérrez-Montes Isabel , Brenes Christian
Published: February 2019

Se presenta una evaluación de la vulnerabilidad ante la escasez de agua y sequía en la ciudad de La Paz (BCS). Se utilizó el Marco de Capitales de la Comunidad (MCC) para estimar la vulnerabilidad como un sistema integrado por siete sub-sistemas: humano, social, político, financiero, físico, natural y cultural, mediante un análisis de situación biofísica, cálculo de índices, y la identificación de medidas y estrategias que ayudan a mejorar la capacidad adaptativa de la comunidad. Se obtiene la vulnerabilidad integral, que se representó espacialmente en la zona de estudio. La Paz presenta una vulnerabilidad media y es necesario fortalecer las capacidades de la comunidad priorizando el trabajo comunidad-gobierno, no sólo para hacer frente a este tipo de eventos sino para mejorar también la calidad de vida de las personas.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PEKERJA OUTSOURCING AKIBAT PERBUATAN WANPRESTASI PRINSIPAL
Authors: Purnama Dewi Yuni Indah Putri
Published: February 2019

Salah satu cara perusahaan fokus pada bidang kerjanya yang berkembang saat ini dengan persaingan ketat adalah menangani pekerjaan yang menjadi bisnis inti, sedangkan pekerjaan penunjang bagi perusahaan di serahkan kepada pihak lain melalui perusahaan penyedia jasa. Dasar hukum outsourcing adalah Pasal 64 Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan. Pada perkembangannya sistem outsourcing sangat membantu perusahaan dalam meningkatkan kegiatan-kegiatan produksinya. Gagasan awal berkembangnya outsourcing sebenarnya adalah untuk membagi resiko usaha dalam berbagai masalah dan belum diidentifikasi sebagai strategi bisnis. Problematika yang dialami oleh pekerja kontrak atau outsourcing memang cukup bervariasi, hal ini dikarenakan penggunaan tenaga kerja kontrak dalam dunia usaha di Indonesia kini semakin marak dan telah menjadi kebutuhan yang tidak dapat ditunda oleh pelaku usaha, sementara regulasi yang ada belum terlalu memadai untuk mengatur tentang perlindungan terhadap tenaga kerja kontrak yang telah berjalan tersebut. Pekerja outsourcing juga mempunyai hak-hak normatif yang berhak untuk didapatkannya, dan apabila terjadi pelanggran hak-hak normatif dapat diselesaikan tanpa melalui jalur pengadilan, hak-hak pekerja outsourcing cukup beragam yang tertulis secara jelas.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Mating Intelligence Scale in Iran
Authors: Najarpourian Samaneh , Samavi S. Abdolvahab
Published: February 2019

The cognitive
abilities that are necessary to make-mating interactions effectively have been
described as "Mating Intelligence." This is an evolutionary construct
that has just recently initiated to receive practical consideration. This
research work investigated the psychometric properties of the Persian
translation of the Mating Intelligence Scale in Iran. A total of 760 male and female heterosexual participants (380 for each
sex) were recruited from colleges. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire
and reported some demographic information such as age, their qualification
degree and major. The male and female version of the Geher and Kaufman (2007)
Mating Intelligence Scale were used to gather data. The factor analysis with
the Oblimin rotation showed five factors with Eigen-values greater than one
(Sexual Over-Estimation, Cross-Sex Mind Reading, Self-Deception,
Other-Deception, and Courtship Display) in males sample. Also, a confirmatory
factor analysis was performed to confirm the results of the exploratory
analysis. The values of fitness indicators show that this model benefits from
good fitness. Results showed four factors with
eigenvalues greater than one (Sexual Over-Estimation, Cross-Sex Mind Reading,
Other-Deception, and Courtship Display) in females sample, and again, the
confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the results of exploratory analysis. In general, the
use of the MI questionnaire is appropriate regarding the Iranian population due
to the excellent validity and reliability and can be used in screening,
therapeutic and educational situations.
Historical grounds of one of the most important holidays of the Republic of Poland: May, 3rd, the Constitution Day
Authors: Falkovich Svetlana
Published: February 2019

The article describes the history of the offcial holiday in contemporary Poland - May 3rd, the Constitution Day, in the context of political movements of Polish emigration of the 19th century. The author characterizes the differences that were put into evaluations of this event by the representatives of the democratic and the conservative camps of Polish emigration. The connection of these evaluations with the most important questions of Polish social life is shown within discussions about ways and means of recreation of Polish state.
Russian society and the Serbian-Austrian conflict of 1912–1913: Did the Russians want war
Authors: Gusev Nikita
Published: February 2019

In the autumn of 1912, the first Balkan war began, in which Serbia sought access to the Adriatic sea. However, Belgrade's claims came across the tough position of Vienna, which advocated the creation of Albania, putting an end to Serbian plans. None of the parties was unwilling to concede, the Austro-Hungarian government passed to demonstratively threats. This article deals with the attitude of different strata of Russian society to the possibility of war in the defense of Serbia and analyzes the reasons for their positions. It is stated that the society became more and more ready for war, however not because
of the protection of Serbia, but because of the preservation of a sense of dignity before the aggressive actions of Austria-Hungary.
“Ukrainian question” in the memoirs of the officials of the Ukrainian State of Hetman P. Skoropadskyi
Authors: Borisenok Elena
Published: February 2019

The article focuses on the analysis of the memoirs of the political and military officials that served Hetman P. Skoropadskyi. Their positions toward “Ukrainian question”, Hetman regime, views on the future of the Russian state etc. are studied.
Quantum Gravity and the Holographic Mass
Authors: Haramein Nassim
Published: February 2019

We find an exact quantized expression of the Schwarzschild solution to Einstein’s field equations utilizing spherical Planck units in a generalized holographic approach. We consider vacuum fluctuations within volumes as well as on horizon surfaces, generating a discrete spacetime quantization and a novel quantized approach to gravitation. When applied at the quantum scale, utilizing the charge radius of the proton, we find values for the rest mass of the proton within 0.069x10e-24 g of the CODATA value and when the 2010 muonic proton charge radius measurement is utilized we find a deviation of 0.001x10e-24 g from the proton rest mass. We identify a fundamental mass ratio between the vacuum oscillations on the surface horizon and the oscillations within the volume of a proton and find a solution for the gravitational coupling constant to the strong interaction. We derive the energy, angular frequency, and period for such a system and determine its gravitational potential considering mass dilation. We find the force range to be closely correlated with the Yukawa potential typically utilized to illustrate the exponential drop-off of the confining force. Zero free parameters or hidden variables areutilized.
Việt Nam có thể học được gì từ việc đánh giá chất lượng nghiên cứu khoa học của thế giới. RPE Discussion Papers 7 - 2018
Authors: Hiep Pham Hung
Published: February 2019

Tại Mỹ, khi văn hoá “publish or perish” (xuất bản hay lụi tàn) đã trở thành chuẩn mực và phổ quát, sức ép xuất bản bài báo còn có phần khắc nghiệt hơn nhiều so với Anh Quốc – nơi Higgs làm việc suốt cả sự nghiệp của ông cũng như so với các nước Châu Âu nói chung.Có thể nói, với việc giáo dục đại học mở rộng theo cấp số nhân, số lượng người làm nghiên cứu tăng nhanh, ngân sách tài trợ hạn hẹp dần từ phía các chính phủ; sức ép phải thương mại hoá, ứng dụng hoá các tri thức khoa học càng nhanh càng tốt từ phía thị trường, số lượng bải báo xuất bản đã trở thành “phong vũ biểu” đánh giá chất lượng của nhà khoa học cũng là điều dễ hiểu.
Age-Related Differences in Motivational Integration and Cognitive Control
Authors: Yee Debbie Marianne , Adams Sarah L , Beck Asad , Braver Todd Samuel
Published: February 2019

Motivational incentives play an influential role in value-based decision-making and cognitive control. A compelling hypothesis in the literature suggests that the brain integrates the motivational value of diverse incentives (e.g., motivational integration) into a common currency value signal that influences decision-making and behavior. To investigate whether motivational integration processes change during healthy aging, we tested older (N=44) and younger (N=54) adults in an innovative incentive integration task paradigm that establishes dissociable and additive effects of liquid (e.g., juice, neutral, saltwater) and monetary incentives on cognitive task performance. The results reveal that motivational incentives improve cognitive task performance in both older and younger adults, providing novel evidence demonstrating that age-related cognitive control deficits can be ameliorated with sufficient incentive motivation. Additional analyses revealed clear age-related differences in motivational integration. Younger adult task performance was modulated by both monetary and liquid incentives, whereas monetary reward effects were more gradual in older adults and more strongly impacted by trial-by-trial performance feedback. A surprising discovery was that older adults shifted attention from liquid valence toward monetary reward throughout task performance, but younger adults shifted attention from monetary reward toward integrating both monetary reward and liquid valence by the end of the task, suggesting differential strategic utilization of incentives. Together these data suggest that older adults may have impairments in incentive integration, and employ different motivational strategies to improve cognitive task performance. The findings suggest potential candidate neural mechanisms that may serve as the locus of age-related change, providing targets for future cognitive neuroscience investigations.
Over-nutrition in children and influence of parental attributes
Authors: Pant Smriti , Vaidya Abhinav
Published: February 2019

Over-nutrition has presented itself as a significant public health issue in the past few decades. Its burden is increasing not only in developed countries, but also in developing countries. The objective of this review was to explore global and national burden of over-nutrition, its prevalence among children, and identification of the risk factors. It focused on assessing behavioral and socio-demographic attributes of parents that may influence obesity/overweight in children. For writing the literature review, national and international reports on over-nutrition, along with many journal articles on the related topic were reviewed. It showed that the burden of overweight/obesity has increased notably in the last three decades and is increasing more rapidly in developing countries. Moreover, it illustrated that its prevalence is high and has an increasing trend among children. Further more, the review also highlighted that parental attributes have an important influence on children’s nutritional status. Thus given the important role that parents play in the nutrition of children, parents need to be a focus of the strategies to control the growing problem of over-nutrition among children.
Durham County Season 1: Genre and Genre Subversion
Authors: Beard William
Published: February 2019

The first season of the Canadian television crime series Durham County (2007) is unusual in its all-female creative team, and in its use of genre markers and conventions to offer perspectives on social subjectivity and gender that are not usually on display in commercial television drama. It is also unusual in its very high quality, in large part the result of subtle and complex understandings of the existing landscape of genre cinema and subversive deployment of the elements of that landscape. The essay surveys some important aspects of the debates about genre, and locates Durham County within those debates, with special emphasis on the mixture and interpenetration of genre types within the series’ single unified narrative.
Le téléthéâtre québécois des premiers temps : croisements médiatiques (Hubert Aquin, Claude Jutra, Marcel Dubé et Louis-Georges Carrier)
Authors: Harvey François
Published: February 2019

This article studies intermedial combinations that characterized Radio-Canada’s early 1950’s television plays, by analyzing the works of three tv writers mostly known for their non-television career: Hubert Aquin, Claude Jutra and Marcel Dubé. We will first see that the author Hubert Aquin, hired as a radio director in 1954, quickly became familiar with the television media by developing in his first teleplay Histoire d’amour (1955) a certain sensibility to the dramatic qualities of the small screen. Secondly, we will observe that Claude Jutra used most of his film knowledge in his screenplay L’École de la peur, broadcasted by CBFT in 1953, making his television drama a work mostly determined by cinematographic properties. Finally, among the dramatics that Marcel Dubé submitted to television treatment, we will analyze more specifically Chambre à louer, composed in 1953 and adapted by Louis-Georges Carrier in 1954, studying the changes that the director made to the text while transposing it to the television format. In light of our observations on Radio-Canada’s early teleplays, we will notice that radio-canadian television fictions developed in partnership with several forms of expression, contributing in creating the emerging Québec television a composite medium, at the boundaries of theater and cinema.
Émergence de la critique de cinéma dans la presse populaire québécoise
Authors: Lacasse Germain , Sabino Hubert
Published: February 2019

For the last 50 years, it has been common to write about how Quebec cinema was born around the 1960s with cinéma direct. To do so, however, is to neglect the 60 preceding years and the important pioneers, such as L.-E Ouimet, J.-A Hormier or Albert Tessier. Historians of Quebec cinema have thought and continue to think that a film criticism worthy of the name didn’t appear until the end of the 1950s, via ciné-clubs and the magazines that they launched. However, as early as the 1920s popular Quebec publications had popular-culture critics who were interested in cinema and contributed to the development of a fully competent criticism along the lines of a model borrowed from their Parisian and American colleagues, whose judgements they knew very well. This all therefore occurred via a distinctive model, Quebec film criticism having emerged from and being consolidated in popular journals far before it the appearance of cinephile magazines. In France and elsewhere, for instance, criticism developed in specialised, cooperative or cinéphile magazines. The enlarged history of this emergent Quebec criticism constituted an interesting contribution not only to the history of Quebec cinema but also to a general history of film criticism, which is surprisingly understudied. This article seeks to begin such work by studying film criticism in a daily newspaper from Quebec in the 1920s.
Les brasiers de l’hexagone : les cinémas militants français à Montréal (1974)
Authors: Dávila Ignacio del Valle
Published: February 2019

Montreal’s Rencontres internationales pour un nouveau cinéma were the occasion for delegates from five French production and distribution collectives to discuss the future of militant cinema with their European, Latin American, African, Asian and North American equivalents. From the French perspective, the Rencontres also allowed the opportunity to provisionally take stock of militant cinema’s national situation, amidst the effervescence that had followed May 1968. Only a few weeks following the defeat of the Programme commun de la gauche in the French presidential elections, the Quebec meeting displayed the absences of unity and coordination amongst the French groups. This article seeks to analyse the different conceptions of French militant cinema that were being brought together in Montreal.
Modes of Intersubjective Address in The Central Character (1977) and Our Marilyn (1987)
Authors: MacDonald Shana
Published: February 2019

This article examines the use of intersubjective modes of address in Canadian feminist experimental film between 1979 and 1987. It compares Patricia Gruben’s The Central Character (1979) and Brenda Longfellow’s Our Marilyn (1987), noting how the use of experimental forms of address in both affectively blur the distinction between diegetic and non-diegetic space, unsettling the certainty of the spectator’s viewing position. The article counters the reading of feminist avant-garde film from this decade as being engaged in disruptive practices. While dissonance and dislocation are a part of the history of feminist experimental film aesthetics, the article argues it is equally necessary to map moments of resonance and intersubjective exchange in these films. Gruben and Longfellow’s experiments with cinematic address are framed as important interventions into dominant forms of representation that expand the range of possibilities for both the image of woman onscreen and the feminist spectator in the audience.
The Rise and Fall of the Stratford International Film Festival
Authors: Rae Ian , Thom Jessica
Published: February 2019

This paper will examine the legacy of the Stratford International Film Festival (SIFF) and its impact on Canadian film exhibition, distribution, and production. SIFF, which ran from 1956-61 and again from 1971-6, was Canada’s first international festival for feature films. The film festival asserted Canada’s cultural presence on the world stage as part of a larger push to raise Canada’s cultural profile in the aftermath of the Second World War, and built on the meteoric success of the theatre and music programs at the Stratford Festival (SF). This paper positions SIFF within a growing body of literature that treats festivals as places of geopolitical and socioeconomic competition and underscores how the second edition of SIFF developed the concept of an audience-driven “Festival of Festivals” which the Toronto festival of the same name would appropriate in 1976.
Du dix-neuf au nineteen. Une étude comparative des versions québécoise francophone et canadienne anglophone de la série télévisée 19-2
Authors: Boisvert Stéfany
Published: February 2019

This paper proposes a comparative analysis of the award-winning Quebec police television drama 19-2 (Ici Radio-Canada Télé, 2011–2015) and its English Canadian adaptation (Bravo, 2014–). This case study gives us a rare opportunity to examine the process of TV adaptation in Canada. The English version of 19-2 has obviously been designed to be “faithful,” in many respects, to the original: the story and narrative arcs are quite similar; many characters still bear the name of their French predecessors; the formal features and narrative conventions of the series have mostly been reproduced. However, through the analysis of a few pivotal scenes and narrative arcs, we will argue that these productions, conceived as distinct “performances” of the same story or “format,” differ significantly in terms of gender politics—their narrative construction of televised masculinities, their negotiation of hegemonic and ideal identity models, and their representation of gender relations.
Documentary Film Festivals as Ideological Transactions: Film Screening Sites at Hot Docs
Authors: Davies Lyell
Published: February 2019

In this study, the author examines the film screening site at Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, a location were a range of ideological transactions are in operation. Adding to the scholarly study of documentary film festivals, the author draws on cultural studies methodologies and fieldwork conducted at Hot Docs to provide a close examination of the festival’s film exhibition site. He examines: the formation of ‘a public’ in this setting; the ideological underpinnings of post-screening Q&A sessions; the significance of the venues chosen for festival screenings, and the role of festival volunteers at these venues; and efforts by festival staff and festival-sponsoring organizations to frame the reception of documentary film at the film festival screening site.
Impasses Mineures : Palindromes de Todd Solondz—Aviva, Deleuze et la poétique de l’image stéréotypée
Authors: Keleris Argyrios
Published: February 2019

Cinematic narrative can only function through recourse to social stereotypes that function as the mediators of the relationships that spectators have with the pro-filmic world. Modern cinema has contributed greatly to the bringing forth of various issues in this process, a process that is fundamental to all artistic endeavours. The work of Todd Solondz, clearly an important part of this emancipatory tradition, is based in an ambivalent and extremist usage of stereotypes, which give the work its critical and poetic value. In his film Palindromes, Solondz puts a series of aesthetic and narrative processes into place in order to define the apparent object of the stereotype, all the while recognising its inevitably foundational quality in cinematic fiction. This article offers a study of these processes in the light of Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophy of difference, particularly their concept of “(de) territorialisation.”
Preparation of Polished Sections and Determination of the Phase Composition of Highly Metastable TRIP Steel by Microscopic and Radiographic Methods
Authors: Klein M. W. , Krebs F. , Smaga M. , Beck T.
Published: February 2019

High alloy TRIP steels offer an excellent combination of strength and formability. The pronounced metastability of the γ austenite present in the material in its unstressed condition places high demands on the metallographic preparation of the section as it must ensure a low level of transformation, i. e. a low level of deformation. In addition, these steels contain phases with an identical lattice structure, i. e. the differentiation of the phases is made considerably more difficult when established methods for the phase analysis such as EBSD and XRD are used.

In this work, a methodology for a preparation of polished sections offering a low level of transformation is developed and compared to conventional preparation methods. In this context, various phase analysis methods are compared. In addition, a possibility for a quantitative phase analysis of these multi-phase materials by combination of microscopic and radiographic methods is presented.
Influence of the Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Hardness of Additively Manufactured AlSi10Mg Samples
Authors: Sert E. , Hitzler L. , Heine B. , Merkel M. , Werner E. , Öchsner A.
Published: February 2019

Recent studies show that there are major variations in the mechanical properties of additively manufactured precipitation-hardenable AlSi10Mg samples. These variations are caused by the varying precipitation hardening condition which, in turn, can be attributed to dwell times varying at elevated temperatures. Another influence on the microstructure can be revealed when looking at the different building orientations. AlSi10Mg samples were manufactured with different building orientations in order to investigate this in greater detail. They were subjected to a hardness measurement and microstructural analysis. Different heat treatment options were studied and the additively manufactured AlSi10Mg samples were subsequently subjected to a homogenizing heat treatment. New hardness measurements and microstructural examinations were performed in order to document the successful homogenization process.
Tamizaje prenatal de trisomía 21 en el Perú por medio del test combinado ampliado contingente en el primer trimestre
Authors: Diez Chang Guillermo , Bazán Lossio de Diez Magdalena Gladys
Published: February 2019

Introducción. El tamizaje combinado es la recomendación internacional para el tamizaje prenatal de trisomía 21 en el primer trimestre. El test combinado ampliado agrega uno o más marcadores ecográficos (ducto venoso, flujo tricuspídeo y osificación del hueso nasal). La variedad contingente consiste en dividir la evaluación en dos etapas y usar todos los marcadores solo como contingencia en el grupo con resultado dudoso. Objetivo. Demostrar la efectividad del protocolo de bioquímica contingente propuesto por Kagan. Métodos. Se aplicó el test combinado ampliado en variedad contingente a todas las gestantes con embarazos únicos que acudieron al servicio entre las semanas 11 y 13. Se siguió los criterios publicados por la Fetal Medicine Foundation y la International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Resultados. Se evaluó 2 578 fetos de embarazos únicos. La evaluación ecográfica inicial identificó 37 (1,4%) fetos con riesgo de 1/50 o mayor (riesgo alto), 1 888 fetos con riesgo menor a 1/1 000 (riesgo bajo) y 653 fetos con riesgo entre 1/51 y 1/1 000 (riesgo intermedio). Como contingencia, al grupo de fetos con riesgo intermedio se les indicó las pruebas bioquímicas (PAPP-a y hCG) que seleccionaron otros 46 (1,8%) fetos con riesgo alto de trisomía 21. Los seis fetos con trisomía 21 en la cohorte estuvieron en el grupo de riesgo alto. Se identificó una población de riesgo basal alto (RBA) (mayores de 36 o 38 años, dependiendo si el riesgo es evaluado en el momento de la ecografía o a término) de trisomía 21, en las cuales no es aplicable el modelo contingente, ya que todas requieren las pruebas bioquímicas. Conclusiones. Nuestros resultados validan el modelo propuesto por Kagan. La tasa de falsos positivos y el tamaño del grupo de riesgo intermedio dependerá de la distribución de la edad materna.
Cirugía fetal en Brasilia
Authors: Costa Rezende Juliana
Published: February 2019

Brasilia es la capital de Brasil. Existen en la actualidad dos hospitales públicos en la ciudad que tienen la posibilidad de realizar cirugía fetal: el Hospital Materno-Infantil de Brasília (HMIB) y el Hospital Universitário de Brasília (HUB). En el presente artículo presentamos la información del HUB. En los últimos cinco años, diez pacientes fueron sometidos a procedimientos invasivos durante la gestación. Hubo una transfusión intrauterina (cordocentesis) y ninguna ablación láser por embarazo diamniótico monocoriónico u oclusión endotraqueal del feto por hernia diafragmática. La escasez de casos se debe principalmente a la falla en los diagnósticos y la demora en la referencia a los centros terciarios.
Cirugía fetal láser en síndrome de transfusión feto feto y restricción selectiva del crecimiento intrauterino
Authors: Molina-Giraldo Saulo , Hincapié-Porras Cristian
Published: February 2019

Introducción. El embarazo gemelar monocorial biamniótico (MCBA) corresponde aproximadamente al 15% de los embarazos gemelares y, de estos, se estima que 10 a 15% desarrollan complicaciones propias de este tipo de embarazos, como la restricción selectiva del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIUS) y el síndrome de transfusión feto (STFF). La cirugía fetal láser permite tratar la causa de estas alteraciones hemodinámicas propias de los embarazos MCBA a través de la coagulación de las anastomosis placentarias, y es considerada actualmente la terapia de elección en el STFF y aplicable en algunos casos de RCIUS. Objetivos. Resaltar los aspectos generales de la cirugía fetal láser y describir la evidencia actual de la eficacia y seguridad de su uso en el STFF y la RCIUS. Metodología. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura de artículos publicados en revistas indexadas en las siguientes bases de datos: PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library. Se incluyeron revisiones de tema, investigaciones originales y revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura, publicadas en los últimos 5 años. Además, se incluyen artículos clásicos relevantes en la historia de la cirugía fetal. Resultados. Producto de la revisión no sistemática de la literatura, se incluyeron 43 para la construcción de la presente revisión. Conclusiones. La presente revisión evidencia que la cirugía láser fetal mejora el pronóstico de los fetos con STFF. El uso de dicha terapia para los casos de restricción de crecimiento intrauterino selectivo no ha mejorado la sobrevida.
Cirugía fetal para hernia diafragmática congénita en América Latina
Authors: Cruz-Martínez Rogelio
Published: February 2019

La hernia diafragmática congénita es una anomalía en la formación del diafragma, asociada a elevada mortalidad neonatal secundaria a hipoplasia pulmonar e hipertensión arterial pulmonar neonatal. El diagnóstico se realiza por ultrasonido, generalmente en la semana 20 de gestación, y es mandatorio solicitar estudios genéticos (cariotipo y microarreglos) debido al alto riesgo de asociación con anomalías cromosómicas y monogénicas. En casos aislados, la estimación del tamaño pulmonar en combinación con la identificación de herniación hepática es el mejor parámetro predictivo de supervivencia neonatal. En los casos con hipoplasia pulmonar grave, la oclusión traqueal fetoscópica ha demostrado una mejoría en la tasa de supervivencia en 30% con respecto a la probabilidad basal. En este artículo, se resume las indicaciones, criterios de selección, técnica y resultados de la oclusión traqueal fetoscópica, destacando las diferencias de tasa de supervivencia neonatal que existen en América Latina.
Biostratigraphy of the Campanian-Maastrichtian, Mid-Maastrichtian, and Cretaceous-tertiary boundaries in the Raton Basin: Implications for models of early Laramide tectonism and for the origin of the enigmatic Disturbed Zone
Authors: Berry Keith
Published: February 2019

The Campanian-Maastrichtian stage boundary is placed within the upper part of the Pierre Shale about 100 m below the base of the Trinidad Sandstone at Berwind Canyon, Colorado. Correlation of ammonite biostratigraphy with palynostratigraphy places this boundary near the top of the Vermejo Formation in the southwestern part of the Raton Basin, northeastern New Mexico. The informal mid-Maastrichtian boundary should be placed at the level of the Trinidad Sandstone at Berwind Canyon, although it should be placed at the level of the Vermejo-Raton unconformity in northeastern New Mexico based upon palynostratigraphy. High-resolution megafloral biostratigraphy of the K-T boundary is also discussed. Chronostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental indicator species reveal differential sedimentation rates across the basin. The magnitude of the Vermejo-Raton unconformity varies primarily in a north-south direction across the Raton Basin and was greatest in northeastern New Mexico and least in south-central Colorado, which may affect interpretations of the early Laramide history of the Raton Basin. The results of this study preclude correlation of the basal part of the Vermejo Formation with the Disturbed Zone of southwestern South Dakota.