bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ATYPICAL TYROSINASE POSITIVE ALBINOS
Authors: Mizoguchi Masako , Ishibashi Yasumasa , Hsin‐Su Yu , Iijima Masafumi , Hori Yoshiaki , Kukita Atsushi
Published: April 2015

Using light and electron microscopy, we studied five cases of tyrosinase positive albinism, with special reference to melanization of the hair‐bulbs before and after incubation with L‐tyrosine. Electron microscopic autoradiographs of the hair‐bulbs after incubation with 3H‐L‐tyrosine were also investigated. As a result, it was found that three cases could be categorized as ordinary tyrosinase positive albinos, but the other two could not. It was concluded that tyrosinase positive albinism might not be a homogeneous disease, but a disease which can be divided into several subclasses.
GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN IN THE SKIN AND URINE OF A HUNTER SYNDROME PATIENT WITH A SPECIFIC SKIN LESION
Authors: Nakamura Toshitaka , Nishida Kenju , Matsuda Kazuko , Kitano Yukio , Sano Shigeharu , Yutaka Tohru
Published: April 2015

The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents of the cutaneous papules, the non‐eruptive skin, and the urine of a patient with Hunter syndrome were examined. Both skin samples contained hyaluronic acid (HA) and dermatan sulfate (DS) as major components and heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) as minor components. The HA content of the papules was greatly increased, while that of the non‐eruptive skin was normal. The amounts of DS and HS were increased in all three samples; the papules, non‐eruptive skin, and urine. HS from the patient's skin and urine had an electrophoretic mobility different from that of authentic HS. It seemed interesting from a pathogenetic viewpoint that the components of GAG in the cutaneous papules differed from those in the non‐eruptive skin and urine.
AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF STEATOCYSTOMA MULTIPLEX AND THE NORMAL PILOSEBACEOUS APPARATUS
Authors: Kimura Shunji
Published: April 2015

In order to clarify the site(s) from which steatocystoma multiplex (SCM) originates, five cases of SCM and the normal pilosebaceous apparatus were comparatively examined by electron microscopy. The cyst‐wall of SCM, consisting either of flattened or of undulating horny layer, contained a small number of tonofilaments, desmosomes, and tiny spherical keratohyalin granules. There were variable numbers of lamellar granules which were also frequently observed in the intercellular spaces of the horny layer. Three of the SCM cases included sebaceous cells. The contents of the cysts were mostly amorphous and short‐fibrillar, but sometimes keratinized cells and remnants of lamellar granules were observed. These findings were analogous to those of the normal pilosebaceous apparatus from the level of the lower part of the infundibulum to the outer root sheath Via the sebaceous duct, and were specifically more analogous to those of the sebaceous duct.
DETERMINATION OF HYALURONIC ACID IN THE URINE OF A PATIENT WITH WERNER'S SYNDROME
Authors: Maekawa Yoshihiro , Hayashibara Toshio
Published: April 2015

A 54‐year‐old Japanese male with Werner's syndrome was reported. We found increased excretion of hyaluronic acid in the urine, although the content and analyses of the glycosaminoglycans in the urine eluted by Dowex‐1 column chromatography was shown to be hyaluronic acid by comparison with standard hyaluronic acid. The Sephadex G‐200 gel filtration of the 0.5 M NaCl fraction caused separation into two fractions. It was revealed that there was not only an excessive production of hyaluronic acid, but also an excretion of lower molecular weight hyaluronic acid in the urine of this syndrome.
THREE CASES OF PRURIGO PIGMENTOSA
Authors: Yamasaki Reiko , Dekio Satoshi , Moriyasu Shojiro , Takagaki Kenji
Published: April 2015

Three cases of prurigo pigmentosa are presented. These patients had episodes of recurring pruritic red papules and gross reticular pigmentation, and responded remarkably to 4,4'‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) or sulfisomezole. The possibility was suggested that this dermatosis is due to allergic reactions to substances similar in chemical structure to sulfonamides.
CONGENITAL ONYCHODYSPLASIA OF THE INDEX FINGERS
Authors: Kikuchi Ichiro , Ishii Yoshimitsu , Idemori Masahiro , Ogata Katsumi
Published: April 2015

Two cases of congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers (COIF), one of them with an abnormal range of active motion of the digits, were reported. The characteristic location of a nail, or nails in micronychia and polyonychia of COIF and the involvement of the nail and the bone may be explained by the anatomy of the digit. That is, the radially more pronounced involvement of the nail may be related to the relatively smaller size of the artery of the radial aspect. This may support the transient ischemia theory of Ohta and Haseda (1) in fetal life, though the true etiology of COIF still remains obscure.
THE INDUCTION AND ELICITATION OF DISEASE IN HUMAN SKIN
Authors: Shelley Walter B.
Published: April 2015

The skin provides a unique laboratory in which to study disease under strictly controlled experimental conditions. In this laboratory, a wide variety of diseases have been experimentally replicated over the past two hundred years. Such experimental models have added greatly to our understanding of the pathogenesis and the nature of disease in general as well as the disease under study.

Specific review is made of our own experience in the field of experimental skin disease in man. This includes the controlled reproduction of miliarias, hidradenitis suppurativa, pruitus, HalowaxR acne, immune granulomas, and erythema multiforme. From these studies come a powerful awareness of individual differences in susceptibility, the hazards of initiating certain diseases for which there is no specific treatment and a new understanding of sarcoidosis and erythema multiforme.
AN IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDY OF THE CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE‐INDUCED ENHANCEMENT OF CONTACT SENSITIVITY TO 2,4‐DINITRO‐1‐CHLOROBENZENE (DNCB)
Authors: Ikezawa Zenro
Published: April 2015

Enhancement of DNCB contact sensitivity (CS) reactions by cyclophosphamide (Cy) was observed in guinea pigs sensitized by painting or footpad injection of Freund's incomplete adjuvant, in which immunologic suppression of CS had been induced, but not in animals sensitized by footpad injection of Freund's complete adjuvant. The latter developed markedly strong CS reactions.

The effects of Cy on in vivo skin reactions and on in vitro endogenous and antigen‐induced DNA synthesis by the draining lymph node cells in animals sensitized topically with DNCB were studied on various days after sensitization. Cy treatment 3 days before sensitization augmented CS reactions. This augmentative effect was found from day 5 to day 21. Cy treatment enhanced in vitro antigen‐induced DNA synthesis as well as endogenous DNA synthesis by the draining lymph node cells. Cy‐sensitive cells and their progeny may be involved in suppression of the in vitro specific stimulation of the primed cells as well as endogenous cell proliferation for priming.

The effect of DNCB‐sensitization on the in vitro concanavalin A (ConA) dose‐response of the spleen cells and lymph node cells was studied. By day 7 after sensitization, the stimulation of the spleen cells by low doses of ConA had decreased, but the responses to high doses of mitogen had increased. This bidirectional effect of DNCB‐sensitization on ConA responses was discussed.
SYRINGOMA LIMITED TO GENITALIA OF A PREADOLESCENT GIRL
Authors: Dekio Satoshi , Maehama Yoshiko
Published: April 2015

Syringoma limited to the female genitalia is presented. Many small papules were seen on only the labia majora of a 9‐year‐old Japanese girl. Skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of syringoma.
URINARY PORPHYRIN ANALYSES IN PATIENTS WITH PORPHYRIA CUTANEA TARDA
Authors: Nonaka Shigeo , Ogami Taro , Yoshida Kazunori , Honda Tetsuzo , Murayama Fumio , Yoshida Hikotaro
Published: April 2015

Urinary porphyrin analyses were carried out in five patients with porphyria cutanea tarda and in a control group of 44 individuals. Quantitative analysis revealed that the mean value of coproporphyrin was 67.3 μg/l (range 13.1–189.1 μg/l) in 44 normal individuals and the mean value of uroporphyrin was 9.7 μg/l (range 5.0 to 13.7 μg/l) in 11 of 44 controls, but not detectable in the remainder. Four of the five patients with porphyria cutanea tarda, however, had markedly elevated coproporphyrin and uroporphyrin levels. Urinary porphyrin pattern analysis was carried out using one dimentional thin layer chromatography. The pattern in controls revealed that the mean value of coproporphyrin was 85.5%, while the other fractions consituted less than 6.0%. In the porphyria cutanea tarda group, however, hepta‐carboxyl porphyrin and uroporphyrin were predominant in two; all five fractions appeared in roughly equal amounts in one; and in the remaining two, coproporphyrin was decreased to a value of only about 50%.

A patient treated by phlebotomy was also evaluated by this method. His urinary porphyrin pattern showed a shift from uroporphyrin to a high concentration of coproporphyrin during and after the treatment.

With this method, it is very simple to obtain data for urinary porphyrin pattern analysis, and many samples can be analyzed simultaneously. The profile can aid in the diagnosis of porphyria cutanea tarda, especially when the patients show low levels of urinary porphyrins quantitatively.
A CASE OF MOSQUITO HYPERSENSITIVITY TERMINATING AS MALIGNANT HISTIOCYTOSIS
Authors: Mohri Shinobu , Kawashima Yoshio , Uchigata Yasuko , Seki Hidetoshi , Okuda Norihiko , Masuda Shinji , Fukushiro Ryoichi
Published: April 2015

A patient with a 5 year history of hypersensitivity to mosquitoes developed a skin nodule on the chest, high fever, and hepatosplenomegaly. The diagnosis of malignant histiocytosis was made, based upon histological examination of the skin and cytological study of the pleural effusion. Immunological studies revealed the impaired activity of both T and B cells. After four weeks of no response to chemotherapy, the patient died. Autopsy revealed malignant histiocytes invading the bone marrow, liver, spleen, lung, adrenal glands, lymph nodes and skin. The possible relationship of immunodeficiency to malignant histiocytosis is discussed.
SUBUNGUAL MYXOID CYST PRODUCING AN ULCER IN THE NAIL PLATE
Authors: Tomoda Tetsuro , Ono Tomomichi , Ohyama Katsuro , Kojo Yasuko
Published: April 2015

A case of cutaneous myxoid cyst with an ulcer on the nail plate of the right great toe is presented. This should be differentiated from subungual malignant melanoma.
BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSES OF STRATUM CORNEUM IN HYPERKERATOSIS LENTICULARIS PERSTANS
Authors: Negi Makoto , Kubo Yukari , Yoshiike Takashi , Manabe Motomu , Hirotani Tetsuya , Ogawa Hideoki
Published: April 2015

The stratum corneum obtained from keratotic papules of hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans was fractionated into keratin filamentous, water soluble, and membraneous fractions. SDS‐gel electrophoresis was used to examine the keratin filamentous and soluble fractions, and amino acid analysis was employed for all fractions.

Electrophoresis of the keratin filamentous fraction revealed no remarkable changes in the pattern of gel bands, compared with normal controls. On the other hand, the pattern observed in the water soluble fraction showed a decrease in the number and intensity of staining bands with molecular weights within the range of 8,000–10,000.

In the amino acid analysis, the half‐cystine contents of the patients' membraneous fractions were remarkably lower than those of normal membraneous fractions. Additionally, ornithine and citrulline, which are not usually found as components of protein, were determined to be moderately high in all fractions.
URTICARIAL VASCULITIS WITH BLISTER FORMATION: BULLOUS (VESICULAR) URTICARIAL VASCULITIS
Authors: Naito Yoshiko , Nishioka Kiyoshi , Sarashi Chizuko , Sano Shigeharu , Yonemasu Kunio
Published: April 2015

A 37‐year‐old woman developed blistering on urticarial erythematous lesions. She had multiple joint pain, subfever, alopecia, high antinuclear factor, and hypocomplementemia. She was diagnosed as having SLE. Her SLE symptoms responded well to steroid therapy, whereas her urticarial lesions responded to DDS but not to steroid. Histology of her skin lesions resembled that of dermatitis herpetiformis. We suggested the term “bullous (Vesicular) urticarial vasculitis” to distinguish such a case with peculiar manifestations in urticarial vasculitis.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS OF FUNGAL ELEMENTS IN A TRICHOSPORON CUTANEUM INFECTION OF THE SKIN
Authors: Otsuka Fujio , Seki Yoshihito , Takizawa Kiyohiro , Kukita Atsushi
Published: April 2015

Using electron microscopic methods, we observed the fine structure of fungal elements occurring in a facial granulomatous infection caused by Trichosporon cutaneum.

Two types of fungal elements were recognized: (1) fungal elements attached to phagocytes or just ingested into phagocytes and (2) fungal elements located within the phagocytes in the process of being digested.

All the fungal elements observed had been denatured to varying degrees. In these denatured fungal elements, the intracellular organelles had disappeared. Fibrillar structures derived from the cell wall were recognized.
CHEMOIMMUNOTHERAPY FOR DISSEMINATED MALIGNANT MELANOMA WITH DTIC, ACNU, VCR AND OK432
Authors: Chiba Masahito , Jimbow Kowichi , Kizukuri Kei , Homma Kouichi
Published: April 2015

Three out of fifteen cases of disseminated malignant melanoma with complete or partial responses to our combined chemoimmunotherapy, DTIC, ACNU, VCR and OK432, are reported. Case 1 responded completely with disappearance of skin and brain lesions. Case 2 responded partially to a lung metastasis. Case 3 responded totally with the complete disappearance of lung and brain metastatic lesions. None of these cases suffered any significant side effects during the trial.
INTRAEPIDERMAL FREE NERVE ENDINGS RELATING TO EPIDERMAL MELANOCYTES IN SPOTTED GUINEA PIGS
Authors: Mihara Motoyuki , Hashimoto Ken , Kumakiri Masanobu
Published: April 2015

Intraepidermal free nerve endings were studied in spotted (black and white) guinea pigs. Specimens were obtained from black, gray, and white areas. Twenty blocks were made from each area and sections were examined by electron microscopy. Intraepidermal free nerve endings were found in the interfollicular epidermis of all three areas. The distribution density for the black areas was about twice that for the white areas. The frequency in the gray areas was intermediate between that for the black areas and that for the white areas. Intraepidermal free nerve endings contacted the melanocytes directly in the interspaces between the basal lamina of the epidermis and the cytomembrane of the melanocyte or the dendrite of the melanocyte in the intercellular spaces between basal keratinocytes. In most cases, their axons were ensheathed by Schwann cells. In some cases, a part of the axon expanded like a balloon about 200–300 nm in diameter. The ballooning structure contained several vacuoles about 40–60 nm in diameter. These vacuoles seemed to have been secreted into the extracellular spaces. In such cases, an accumulation of dense materials was observed along the opposed membrane of the vacuole and the cytomembrane of the melanocyte. In other cases, the cytomembranes of axons and those of melanocytes seemed to form synapse‐like structures.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF DIFFERENCES IN HUMAN SOLE SKIN BETWEEN ONE CYCLE METHOD AND TWO CYCLE METHOD AFTER SPRAY CRYOSURGERY
Authors: Ueda Keiichi , Komori Yasushi , Wakabayashi Shunji
Published: April 2015

Ultrastructural investigations were performed on human sole skin after spray cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen, using a one cycle (single freeze and thaw) method and a two cycle (double freeze and thaw) method.

In the one cycle method, the epidermal cells from the basal cell layer to the spinous cell layer showed characteristic changes, i.e., nuclear chromatin forming condensed masses, the appearance of remarkable perinuclear edematous regions, tonofibrils pushed out towards the periphery of the cells and narrow intercellular spaces with intact desmosomes.

In the two cycle method, homogeneous, less dense areas were seen in the nuclei of epidermal cells from the basal cell layer to the spinous cell layer. Wide, less dense, edematous, perinuclear areas were seen in which organelles, i.e. mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and vacuoles were located. Tonofibrils were pushed out to the periphery of the cells. Complete cryonecrosis was observed in cells from the basal layer to the spinous layer.

Ultrastructural changes differed in degree between the one cycle freezing method and the two cycle freezing method after spray cryosurgery.

It was concluded that the cryosurgical technique using the two cycle method was more effective in inducing complete cryonecrosis.
TWO FORMS OF ADENOSINE DEAMINASE IN PIG EPIDERMIS (II)
Authors: Koizumi Hiroko , Iizuka Hajime , Aoyagi Takashi , Miura Yusho
Published: April 2015

Using pure pig skin epidermis, we investigated the biochemical nature of adenosine deaminase, Two different (large and small) forms of adenosine deaminase were separated by a gel filtration technique using Sephadex G‐150 column chromatography. The molecular weight of the large form was 300,000 to 350,000 and that of the small form was 30,000 to 40,000.

The kinetics of the two enzymes were quite similar, in terms of Km values for adenosine, substrate specificity, pH optima, temperature sensitivity, isoelectric points, and inhibition by coformycin, a tight‐binding inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.
LIPODYSTROPHY CENTRIFUGALIS ABDOMINALIS INFANTILIS IN DIZYGOTIC TWINS
Authors: Mizoguchi Masako , Nanko Shinichiro
Published: April 2015

We examined a set of three‐year‐old Japanese dizygotic twins with lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis infantilis. One had depressed skin lesions on the left side of her neck and in her axillary area, while the other had a lesion on her right inguinal area.

Although their MLC were identical, they differed from the MLC of an unrelated patient who suffered from the same disease. HLA‐BW 51 was found in all three patients.
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF CUTANEOUS PLASMACYTOSIS
Authors: Aso Miki , Shimao Shuhei
Published: April 2015

A seventy‐five year old man has had numerous papules over his entire body for about 50 years without any systemic involvement. Histological examination revealed that many plasma cells and a few lymphoid cells had infiltrated into the dermis. The plasma cells did not show any atypia. Laboratory examinations, including Bence‐Jones' protein, serum gammaglobulin, and immunoglobulins, demonstrated no abnormal findings. We consider this case not to be a true tumor but rather a benign reactive proliferation of plasma cells in the skin, although its etiology is unclear.
WORINGER‐KOLOPP DISEASE
Authors: Imai Seiji , Nitto Heita , Oka Kichiro
Published: April 2015

A case of Woringer‐Kolopp disease was studied using electron microscopy. The patient was a 45‐year‐old Japanese woman with a plaque lesion of six years duration on the left upper thigh. The pathological features of the lesion included abnormal cells, mainly in the epidermis and compatible with those of Woringer‐Kolopp disease.

Electron microscopic examination indicated that the abnormal cells within the epidermis and passing through the basal lamina had features indicating a histiocytic origin, including abundant and protruded cytoplasm and lysosomal dense bodies.
YELLOW MACULES APPEARING DURING CORTICOSTEROID TREATMENT OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: Aso Miki , Mihara Motoyuki , Shimao Shuhei
Published: April 2015

A 42‐year‐old woman who had been treated with corticosteroid for systemic lupus erythematosus had many yellow macules on her extremities and body. Light microscopic examination revealed a decrease or disappearance of collagen fibers and the formation of abnormal fibers. Ultrastructural study showed that these abnormal fibers were numerous cord‐like substances related to extracellular amorphous or filamentous materials and similar to the amorphous materials in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of fibroblasts.

It was suggested that fibroblasts injured by corticosteroid produced an abnormal precursor of collagen fiber and that the synthesis of normal collagen fibers was inhibited in the yellow macules.
FRACTIONATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HUMAN EPIDERMAL STRATUM CORNEUM IN KERATINIZATION DISORDERS
Authors: Yoshiike Takashi , Negi Makoto , Manabe Motomu , Hattori Michihiro , Ogawa Hideoki
Published: April 2015

Stratum corneum obtained from persons with a variety of keratinization disorders was fractionated into keratin fibers, water soluble proteins and cell membranes. SDS gel electrophoresis was used to study the keratin fibrous and water soluble fractions, and amino‐acid analysis was employed for the membraneous fractions.

Electrophoresis of the keratin fibrous fractions obtained from cases of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis and psoriasis vulgaris revealed a significant decrease in the 55,000 dalton subunit was observed. Similarly, a reduction of the 73,000 dalton subunit was observed in samples from a case of keratoma climacterium. Minor variations from the normal were recorded from cases of ichthyosis vulgaris, lamellar ichthyosis, and palmoplantar keratosis (which included a Vörner and punctate type, and one with corneal dystrophy).

The water soluble fractions from all the cases of keratinization disorders studied exhibited different densities for the individual polypeptides after electrophoresis.

The most impressive changes were revealed by amino‐acid analysis of the membraneous fractions. Half‐cystine and proline were uniformly reduced in cases of ichthyosis vulgaris, lamellar ichthyosis, punctate palmo‐plantar keratosis, palmoplantar keratosis with corneal dystrophy and keratoma climacterium, and the presence of an abnormal amino‐acid, ornithine, was characteristic of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis and psoriasis vulgaris.
SKIN TUMORS OF XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM (I)
Authors: Kobayashi Misaki , Satoh Yoshiaki , Irimajiri Toshikatsu , Mitoh Yoshihiro , Kozuka Takehito , Sato Kenji , Ichihashi Masamitsu , Nakanishi Takafumi
Published: April 2015

Sixty‐eight xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients, including 41 of Group A and 27 of XP‐variant, were examined for skin malignancies such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell epithelioma (BCE), and malignant melanoma (MM).

Approximately half of the patients developed skin malignancies on sunlight‐exposed areas. The most frequent skin malignancy in both groups was BCE. In this survey, two cases with MM were found for the first time in Japan, one in Group A and one in XP‐variant. The most important difference between Group A and XP‐variant was in the age of onset of skin malignancies. The average age at the first excision of skin malignancies was 9 in Group A, while that of XP‐variant was 32. In Group A, the youngest case was 3 years old, and most of the cases with skin malignancies were younger than 15. In XP‐variant, on the contrary, the youngest case was 15 and most cases were older than 20. XP‐variant patients were apt to have multiple lesions of BCE. The ratio of BCE to SCC was about 3:1 in Group A, and 8:1 in XP‐variant. The strong tendency toward malignancy was seen only on the skin in both groups.
HYALURONIC ACID SYNTHETASE ACTIVITY IN LICHEN MYXEDEMATOSUS SKIN
Authors: Yamamoto Yasuo , Arata Jirô , Tokuyama Midori , Take Makoto , Nohara Nozomi
Published: April 2015

Hyaluronic acid synthetase (HAS) activity of lyophilized skin from a 49‐year‐old Japanese man with lichen myxedematosus was assayed. The HAS activity was very high in both diseased and normal appearing skin.
A CASE OF MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA
Authors: Sato Akihiko , Kato Taizo
Published: April 2015

A case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma is reported. Due to the histological features of cellular pleomorphism and myxoid degeneration seen also in other soft tissue sarcomas (rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma), differential diagnosis was difficult. However, electron microscopic studies led to a distinct diagnosis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma.
XANTHOGRANULOMA IN THE ADULT
Authors: Nakamura Shinichi , Izawa Reiko , Nakayama Keiji , Hoshi Kenji , Onda Shutaro
Published: April 2015

A forty‐three year old man has had numerous papules on his face and neck for about two years without any systemic involvement. Some papules disappeared gradually within eight months without any therapy. Papules were examined with the light microscope and the electron microscope and histological findings were very similar to those of juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG)1).
ECHOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF NODULAR LESIONS OF THE SKIN
Authors: Miyauchi Shunji , Tada Masanori , Miki Yoshiharu
Published: April 2015

Echographic differentiation between clinically similar, nodular lesions of the dermis and subcutaneous fat was done in an attempt to open a new field of ultrasonic histopathology.

Sector B‐mode echography with a 10 MHz transducer was done on 87 patients with nodular lesions in the dermis and subcutaneous fat, and the echograms were compared with microscopic findings. These consisted of nevus pigmentosus in 10, neurofibroma in 10, steatocystoma multiplex in 4, epidermoid cyst in 30, cavernous hemangioma in 4, lipoma in 10, panniculitis in 14 and malignant lymphoma in 5 patients.

Neurofibroma and steatocystoma multiplex were as echolucent as lipoma, while nevus pigmentosus and epidermoid cyst were less echolucent. Small internal echoes were observed within the echolucent mass in 15 of 30 lesions of epidermoid cysts. Cavernous hemangioma, panniculitis, and malignant lymphoma were partially echogenic as well as echolucent.
UNILATERAL STEROID ACNE ON THE PARALYZED SIDE OF THE FACE
Authors: Tagami Hachiro
Published: April 2015

Therapy‐resistant acne developed about one month after the initiation of oral steroid therapy for Bell's palsy, chiefly on the paralyzed side of the face of a middle‐aged woman who had once suffered from acne vulgaris. It was speculated that the lack of normal facial movement contributed to the development of acne.
MODIFICATION OF HUMAN EPIDERMAL PREKERATIN IN THE REGION OF GRANULAR AND TRANSIENT CELL LAYERS
Authors: Toku Seikichi , Aso Kazuo , Katagata Yohtaro
Published: April 2015

To investigate the process of keratin formation, changes in polypeptide composition of epidermal keratin and of prekeratin were examined using serial slices of human skin. In most of the skin surface, prekeratin was composed of 70K, 58K, 56K, 49.5K and occasionally 55K polypeptides, and an additional 63K polypeptide was present in the skin of the palm and sole. The decrease in molecular weight of these prekeratins to that of keratins was observed in the region of the granular and transient cell layers, especially in that of palm and sole. This was partially confirmed by preliminary digestion experiments in vitro. Our present studies suggest that limited proteolysis of higher molecular weight prekeratin(s) is a step in keratin formation of the stratum corneum.
IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES OF AN EXTRACELLULAR KERATINASE
Authors: Takiuchi Iwao , Higuchi Dousei , Sei Yoshihiro , Koga Miho
Published: April 2015

The extracellular keratinase from M. canis was purified using ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The purified enzyme showed a single protein band on sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis. A molecular weight of approximately 45,000 was determined by SDS‐electrophoresis.

Anti‐body directed against the purified enzyme from M. canis was obtained from New Zealand White rabbits, and the immunological identity of the enzyme from M. canis, as well as those from M. gypseum, T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum, were demonstrated by immuno‐double‐diffusion experiments.
DEMONSTRATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN G IN NORMAL HUMAN EPIDERMIS BY LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY USING PEROXIDASE LABELED ANTIBODY
Authors: Yamada Mariko
Published: April 2015

Distribution of immunoglobulins in normal human epidermis was revealed at both the light and electron microscopic levels using peroxidase labeled antibodies. Biopsy specimens were obtained from various body locations of 40 healthy persons from 2 to 82 years old under local anesthesia. There were three types of IgG staining patterns in normal human epidermis. Intraepidermal IgG was found in about 80% of the skin samples. IgG was localized in the cytosol of squamous cells by electron microscopy. There were no morphological differences between the IgG positive and IgG negative cells. There seemed to be a correlation between IgG staining and the IgG serum level. The results of the present study suggest that with highly sensitive immunohistochemical techniques, IgG can be detected not only in diseased skin but also in normal skin.
PITYRIASIS PIGMENTOSA
Authors: Piamphongsant Thada
Published: April 2015

This paper proposes a new skin disease entity—pityriasis pigmentosa. Characteristic lesions of this disease are well defined, oval or round, pigmented patches covered with fine, adherent, wrinkled scales. The size of the lesions varies from 0.5–3 cm in diameter. Some lesions gyrate or coalesce into larger patches. The lesions are typically located on the waist and the extremities and are particularly common on the volar aspect of the upper arms and the posterior aspect of the upper thighs. Using Wood's light examination, a bright golden fluorescence is inevitably seen. Rapid identification can be made by use of the KOH/Parker Ink preparation. This reveals characteristic branched, segmented hyphae and clusters of budding, oval‐shaped yeast cells. Pityrosporum ovale produces hyphae when cultured in glycine‐ammonium phosphate buffered media. Pityrosporum orbiculare does not produce hyphae by this method. These clinical and laboratory findings distinguish a clinical entity differing from Tinea (Pityriasis) versicolor which is caused by Pityrosporum orbiculare.
THE BROAD SPECTRUM OF DOWLING DEGOS DISEASE, INCLUDING HABER'S SYNDROME—A HEREDITARY ABNORMAL REACTIVITY TO STIMULATION, INCREASING WITH AGE?—CASE REPORTS AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Kikuchi Ichiro , Inoue Shouhei , Narita Hiromi , Tada Shigeru , Yoshinaga Aiko , Amano Fukiko
Published: April 2015

Four cases of Dowling Degos disease (DDD) in one family and five cases of Haber's syndrome (HS) in two families were compared. DDD and HS share many symptoms and findings in common; histopathological features of downgrowths of epithelial cells, papules of either brown or natural skin color, and various kinds of skin pigmentation. Some had pitted scars, cysts, pruritus, telangiectasia, red cheeks, xerosis, and photosensitivity. Another feature common to both conditions is the progressive course of the disease; patients and their children should be followed over their lifetimes. One case of DDD had basal cell epithelioma within the area of reticular pigmentation, but an 83‐year‐old patient with DDD indicated that general health is not involved in DDD.

One differentiating point for HS is that black warts in HS do not have the histologic features of DDD; they show only seborrheic keratosis. In HS, microscopic examinations should be made of as many varied lesions as possible.

HS appears to be a subtype of DDD, characterized by red facies, seborrheic keratosis, and earlier onset than DDD. Both DDD and HS appear to be conditions with a different reactivity of the melanocyte‐keratinocyte system to external stimulation, rather than a disease of nevoid origin.
A CASE OF TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS WITH SUBCUTANEOUS NODULES
Authors: Shishiba Takako , Shimozuma Michiro
Published: April 2015

Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a well‐known clinical disease, characterized by epilepsy, mental retardation, adenoma sebaceum of Pringle, and various congenital anomalies. There have been a few reports of subcutaneous nodules as a cutaneous manifestation of TS. A 9‐year‐old Japanese boy who was diagnosed as having typical TS had one subcutaneous nodule on the breast and three on the back. Histologic examination of the breast nodule showed proliferation of homogeneous collagenous bundles encapsulated by thin connective tissue.
NATURAL KILLER CYTOTOXICITY OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES IN VITRO
Authors: Kondo Shigeo , Sato Kumi , Aso Kazuo
Published: April 2015

BCG, PHA, PWM, PPD and LPS‐Su all enhanced the natural killer‐like cytotoxicity of the nylon wool‐treated human lymphocyte fraction against a human skin squamous cell line (HSC‐1) in vitro. The cytotoxicity was measured by 51Cr release from the target cells (HSC‐1) when they were mixed with lymphocytes preincubated with or without the stimulators for three days. The activity of BCG and PPD in enhancing the lymphocyte cytotoxicity was stable after sonication and heating, although it was slightly lowered after treatment of BCG with streptomycin.

The K‐562 cell line, which has been supposed to be specifically sensitive to the natural killer activity, proved to be also sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of the nylon wool‐treated lymphocyte fraction enhanced by BCG and PHA as well as OK‐432.
LABORATORY STUDIES OF COLLAGEN WOUND DRESSING (CAS)
Authors: Takeda Ueto , Izawa Masanori , Koeda Takemi , Shibata Uichi
Published: April 2015

The efficacy of collagen wound dressing (CAS), a new biological dressing, was studied on experimental skin excisions and burns in rabbits, by comparing it with lyophilized porcine skin (LPS) and gauze dressings.

CAS is a sterilized unwoven cloth made from fine spun fibres of bovine dermal atelocollagen which have been fixed with glutaraldehyde.

In the tests, CAS was better than LPS and gauze in healing 20/1,000 inch thick skin excisions, deep excisions, and burns. CAS adhered to the wound surface well, allowing the exudate to be absorbed by the gauze on toop and be taken away from the wound surface. CAS broke down continuously with time to form pseudocrust and new tissue to help heal the wound.

From these results, it can be concluded that CAS has good efficacy for skin excisions and burns.
SUPERFICIAL HYPERKERATOTIC CANDIDIASIS ON THE PALMS AND SOLES
Authors: Watanabe Shin Ichi , Shimozuma Michiro , Takizawa Kiyohiro
Published: April 2015

This case report described a 59‐year‐old man with superficial hyperkeratotic candidiasis on the palms and soles. This rare form of cutaneous candidiasis is regarded as a complication of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis or other immunodeficient disorders. However, the patient had no underlying disease and his cellular immunity was normal. The main abnormal findings in laboratory studies were markedly high IgE values and low vitamin A values. It was assumed that these played some role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The patient was cured through the oral administration of ketoconazole. Nine cases of superficial hyperkeratotic candidiasis on the palms have been reported in Japan, but the case given here is the first reported instance of this disease on the soles.
SKIN LESIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SJÖGREN'S SYNDROME AND ANTICYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES IN SLE PATIENTS
Authors: Miyagawa Sachiko , Kitamura Wataru , Sakamoto Kuniki
Published: April 2015

Among forty‐two systemic lupus erythematosus patients, three had antibodies against cytoplasmic antigens SSA and SSB. All three patients showed annular nonscarring erythema as a sign of their illness. The most predominant site of skin lesions was the face, but trunk and extremities were involved as well. All of the patients had clinically distinct Sjögren's syndrome following the onset of their skin lesions.

These findings suggest that systemic lupus erythematosus patients with anticytoplasmic antibodies might often have accompanying clinical features of nonscarring erythema and Sjögren's syndrome.
ULTRASTRUCTURES OF THE EPIDERMIS IN TINEA CRURIS
Authors: Sato Akihiko
Published: April 2015

Electron microscopy was used to study the epidermis in cases of tinea cruris due to infection by Trichophyton rubrum. Keratinocytes in the epidermis showed various degenerative features ranging from focal cell damage to whole cell necrosis. Two types of alterations, the diffuse loss of electron density in the cytoplasm and the reticular appearance of the cells, are presumably ultrastructural counterparts of intracellular edema. Intercellular edema appeared simultaneously with intracellular edema. Cells infiltrating the epidermis consisted mainly of neutrophilic leucocytes. There were no signs of close apposition of Langerhans cells to mononuclear cells.

From these findings it is thought that alterations of the epidermis in tinea cruris can be classified as non‐specific degeneration possibly induced by toxic causes.

Some information regarding the fine structures of hyphae and arthrospores living in the horny layer as parasites was also obtained.
STUDIES OF PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING SKIN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT IRRADIATION AND IRRITANTS
Authors: Abe Takashi , Arai Seiichi , Mimura Kunio , Hayakawa Ritsuko
Published: April 2015

The relationships between two skin physiological factors and skin susceptibilities were investigated in 101 healthy Japanese females.

Skin color and skin surface lipids chosen as the factors to be considered were measured by spectrophotometric colormeter and gravimetry, respectively. Photosensitivity was evaluated by minimal erythemal dose (MED) measurements. Skin susceptibility to irritants was evaluated by the patch test method using propylene glycol solution.

The results were obtained as follows. (1) A significant correlation was found between skin color V values and photosensitivity scores. (2) A significant inverse correlation was found between skin color V values and replacement lipid values. (3) A correlation was observed between skin color V values and skin irritability scores. (4) A correlation was observed between skin irritability and photosensitivity scores.

Thus, skin color and skin surface lipids were shown to be important physiological factors in skin susceptibility to UV irradiation and irritants.
REFLECTION ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOGRAPHY AS SURFACE PHOTOGRAPHY OF THE SKIN
Authors: Kikuchi Ichiro , Inoue Shouhei , Idemori Masahiro , Uchimura Hideo
Published: April 2015

Because of the physical properties of ultraviolet radiation which does not penetrate deep into the dermis, the surface of the skin is visualized better by reflection ultraviolet photography than by conventional photography under certain conditions. This technique is relatively easy, once a UV‐rich electronic flash and a UV‐transmitting, visible ray‐absorbing filter, which is known to dermatologists as Wood's filter or Wood's glass, are available. Representative photographs are presented, showing indications of reflection ultraviolet photography in the field of dermatology. The most important lesson of reflection ultraviolet photography is, however, to teach us the relationship between the wavelength of radiation and its reflectance from the skin.
MIXED SKIN CELL LYMPHOCYTE CULTURE REACTION (MSLR) IN PSORIASIS
Authors: Faure M. , Czernielewski J. , Schmitt D. , Thivolet J.
Published: April 2015

The Mixed Skin Cell Lymphocyte Culture Reaction (MSLR) was studied as an in vitro approach of lympho‐epidermal interactions in psoriasis. The ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with psoriasis to proliferate in response to stimulation by epidermal cells and the capacity of psoriatic epidermal cells to stimulate T cells were investigated and compared to results with cells from controls. While stimulation of control lymphocytes by autologous epidermal cells was observed, although weaker than the proliferation in response to allogeneic control epidermal cells, no stimulation was observed in autologous MSLR using psoriatic cells. The ability of epidermal cells from psoriatic skin, either uninvolved or involved skin, to induce proliferation of control lymphocytes in allogeneic MSLR did not differ from that of control epidermal cells. In contrast with results obtained with control lymphocytes and epidermal cells in allogeneic MSLR, peripheral blood cells from psoriatic subjects failed to react to stimulation by control allogeneic epidermal cells. These results indicate a normal capacity of psoriatic epidermal cells to stimulate in MSLR and a functional inability of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with psoriasis to react in MSLR which is in agreement with previous reports of abnormal T cell functions in the disease.
NAEVUS SEBACEOUS ASSOCIATED WITH OCULAR DERMOLIPOMA
Authors: Sehgal V.N. , Ramesh V. , Ghorpade A.
Published: April 2015

An interesting association of naevus sebaceous and ipsilateral dermolipoma of the conjunctiva of the left eye, probably a forme fruste of the naevus sebaceous syndrome, is narrated.
THE USE OF A METAL HALIDE LAMP FOR THE INDUCTION OF PHOTOHEMOLYSIS IN PORPHYRIA
Authors: Honda Tetsuzo , Nonaka Shigeo , Ohgami Taro , Murayama Fumio , Yoshida Hikotaro
Published: April 2015

Several light sources, including sunlight, xenon lamps, fluorescent lamps, mercury lamps and carbon arc lamps, have been used to provoke skin changes for phototests in patients with porphyrias, or to induce experimental hemolysis of porphyrins for research. The metal halide lamp has a strong emission range between 400 nm and 450 nm, and a relatively low emission range in the ultraviolet region. For this reason, we explored the possibility that this lamp could be used to induce photohemolysis caused by hematoporphyrin (HP) and the radiation of light. Twenty to forty μg of HP‐HCl was added to 25 ml of a normal red blood cell suspension. The flask containing this red blood cell suspension was then irradiated using a metal halide lamp with 3.6 to 10.8 J/cm2 of light. All of the irradiated red blood cell suspension was hemolyzed, but the non‐irradiated control showed very little hemolysis.

Compared to natural sunlight, the energy emitted by the metal halide lamp is small. Therefore, a longer exposure from the metal halide lamp is required to obtain an amount of energy equivalent to sunlight. This type of light source covers a wide area for irradiation. From these results, we can speculate that a metal halide lamp source is of value when used experimentally to produce the chronic skin changes of porphyria.
THE NATURE AND PATHOGENESIS OF DYSKERATOSIS IN HAILEY‐HAILEY'S DISEASE AND DARIER'S DISEASE
Authors: Ishibashi Yasumasa , Kajiwara Youichi , Andoh Iwao , Inoue Yukiko , Kukita Atsushi
Published: April 2015

The following results were obtained after electron microscopic observation of skin lesions and outgrown epidermal cells (OEC) released from explant cultures in Hailey‐Hailey's disease (HHD) and Darier's disease (DD).

It was not always evident that the dissociation between keratinocytes in HHD and DD was caused by separation at the center of the desmosome; it seemed rather to be a phenomenon due to melting apart of cytoplasmic processes.

Marked development and deformation of microvilli observed in keratinocytes in lesions of both diseases as well as their disappearance were considered to be phenomena reflecting the degree of cell membrane disturbance accompanying the above disjunction.

In particular cases where dissociation progressed remarkably, keratinocytes became round and were released into lacunae (bullae) developed in the epidermis.

Some of the keratinocytes had organelles and tonofilaments around nuclei with a circular electron transparent zone between the nuclei and cell membrane; they were presumed to correspond to “corps ronds” observed by optical microscope.

Electron microscopically, these specific round cells looked finding as if, in most cases, they had been entirely phagocytized by other keratinocytes. This finding was especially marked in DD, and was designated the “corps ronds phenomenon”.

Pathological changes identical with the above were observed in OEC released from explant cultures not only in DD but also in HHD. The “corps ronds phenomenon” was confirmed to occur in vitro.

The nature and pathogenesis of acantholysis and dyskeratosis in DD and HHD were inferred from these findings.
Simposio de Reseñas: The future of the International Labour Organization in the global economy, de Francis Maupain: Introducción
Authors: LANGILLE Brian , MUNDLAK Guy
Published: April 2015

Los artículos breves de este simposio de reseñas están basados en las ponencias que los autores presentaron en un seminario celebrado en Montreal en mayo de 2014 al que fueron invitados para comentar el libro de Francis Maupain (2013) The future of the International Labour Organization in the global economy. El seminario tuvo lugar en el marco de la Conferencia Internacional sobre Nuevas Fronteras para la Ciudadanía Laboral, organizada por el Centro Interuniversitario de Investigación sobre la Globalización y el Trabajo (CRIMT).

Una de las ideas centrales del libro se plantea como una pregunta ineludible: ¿cómo una organización cuya estructura, mandato y recursos se concibieron hace casi un siglo puede pretender mantener su relevancia y eficacia en una realidad que no tiene prácticamente nada que ver con la de sus orígenes?
Varied Patterns of Family Resilience in Challenging Contexts
Authors: Ungar Michael
Published: April 2015

While we know much about patterns of family resilience, most of our research and clinical discussion has focused on microsystemic, intrafamilial protective processes. We have far fewer maps of the bidirectional interactions between families and other systems that contribute to successful family adaptation in challenging contexts. The purpose of this article is to address this gap in knowledge and present a map of family resilience that is both systemic and contextually and culturally responsive. Seven specific patterns of family resilience are reviewed. Combined, they account for the varied adaptational patterns families use to nurture and sustain resilience. The article concludes with reflection on how we can assess family resilience and the application of this map to family therapy.

Video Abstract
Effects of the beta‐adrenergic receptor antagonist Propranolol on dyskinesia and L‐DOPA‐induced striatal DA efflux in the hemi‐parkinsonian rat
Authors: Bhide Nirmal , Lindenbach David , Barnum Christopher J. , George Jessica A. , Surrena Margaret A. , Bishop Christopher
Published: April 2015

Dopamine (DA) replacement therapy with L‐DOPA continues to be the primary treatment of Parkinson's disease; however, long‐term therapy is accompanied by L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesias (LID). Several experimental and clinical studies have established that Propranolol, a β‐adrenergic receptor antagonist, reduces LID without affecting L‐DOPA's efficacy. However, the exact mechanisms underlying these effects remain to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti‐dyskinetic profile of Propranolol against a panel of DA replacement strategies, as well as elucidate the underlying neurochemical mechanisms. Results indicated that Propranolol, in a dose‐dependent manner, reduced LID, without affecting motor performance. Propranolol failed to alter dyskinesia produced by the D1 receptor agonist, SKF81297 (0.08 mg/kg, sc), or the D2 receptor agonist, Quinpirole (0.05 mg/kg, sc). These findings suggested a pre‐synaptic mechanism for Propranolol's anti‐dyskinetic effects, possibly through modulating L‐DOPA‐mediated DA efflux. To evaluate this possibility, microdialysis studies were carried out in the DA‐lesioned striatum of dyskinetic rats and results indicated that co‐administration of Propranolol (20 mg/kg, ip) was able to attenuate L‐DOPA‐ (6 mg/kg, sc) induced DA efflux. Therefore, Propranolol's anti‐dyskinetic properties appear to be mediated via attenuation of L‐DOPA‐induced extraphysiological efflux of DA.

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We investigated the ability of the beta‐adrenergic receptor (βAR) antagonist Propranolol to reduce drug‐induced dyskinesia in hemi‐parkinsonian rats. Dyskinesia induced by L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA), but not D1 or D2 agonists was reduced by Propranolol. In vivo striatal microdialysis revealed that Propranolol's anti‐dyskinetic effects were related to an attenuation of L‐DOPA‐induced dopamine (DA) efflux. These findings show that pre‐synaptic βAR mediate L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia (LID) and highlight Propranolol's therapeutic potential.