bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P2X4 deficiency reduces atherosclerosis and plaque inflammation in mice
Authors: Peikert Alexander , König Sebastian , Suchanek Dymphie , Rofa Karlos , Schäfer Ibrahim , Dimanski Daniel , Karnbrock Lorenz , Bulatova Kseniya , Engelmann Juliane , Hoppe Natalie , Wadle Carolin , Heidt Timo , Albrecht Philipp , von Garlen Sunaina , Härdtner Carmen , Hilgendorf Ingo , Wolf Dennis , von zur Mühlen Constantin , Bode Christoph , Zirlik Andreas , Duerschmied Daniel , Merz Julian , Stachon Peter
Published: February 2022

Extracellular adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) acts as an import signaling molecule mediating inflammation via purinergic P2 receptors. ATP binds to the purinergic receptor P2X4 and promotes inflammation via increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Because of the central role of inflammation, we assumed a functional contribution of the ATP-P2X4-axis in atherosclerosis. Expression of P2X4 was increased in atherosclerotic aortic arches from low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice being fed a high cholesterol diet as assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. To investigate the functional role of P2X4 in atherosclerosis, P2X4-deficient mice were crossed with low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice and fed high cholesterol diet. After 16 weeks, P2X4-deficient mice developed smaller atherosclerotic lesions compared to P2X4-competent mice. Furthermore, intravital microscopy showed reduced ATP-induced leukocyte rolling at the vessel wall in P2X4-deficient mice. Mechanistically, we found a reduced RNA expression of CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL-2), C-X-C motif chemokine-1 (CXCL-1), C-X-C motif chemokine-2 (CXCL-2), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) as well as a decreased nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-inflammasome priming in atherosclerotic plaques from P2X4-deficient mice. Moreover, bone marrow derived macrophages isolated from P2X4-deficient mice revealed a reduced ATP-mediated release of CCL-2, CC chemokine ligand 5 (CCL-5), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6. Additionally, P2X4-deficient mice shared a lower proportion of pro-inflammatory Ly6Chigh monocytes and a higher proportion of anti-inflammatory Ly6Clow monocytes, and expressend less endothelial VCAM-1. Finally, increased P2X4 expression in human atherosclerotic lesions from carotid endarterectomy was found, indicating the importance of potential implementations of this study’s findings for human atherosclerosis. Collectively, P2X4 deficiency reduced experimental atherosclerosis, plaque inflammation and inflammasome priming, pointing to P2X4 as a potential therapeutic target in the fight against atherosclerosis.
Experimental study on fracture characteristics of rock-like material with prefabricated cracks under compression shear
Authors: Yuan Shuang-Xi , Jiang Tong , Lei Jia-Hua , Cui Cheng-Hao
Published: February 2022

In order to understand the effects of different patterns of prefabricated fractures and grain size compositions on the fracture characteristics, acoustic emission characteristics and mechanical properties of the rock masses. We conducted compression shear experiments on square rock masses with different modes of prefabricated fractures and different grain size compositions. The experimental results showed that five fracture patterns were produced in specimens with different fracture patterns. The first fracture specimen, the fourth fracture specimen and the fifth fracture specimen were all brittle fractures. The other four specimens were not brittle fractures. The fracture patterns, fracture processes and mechanical characteristics of the different fracture pattern rock masses were revealed. The lowest peak shear stresses were found in specimens consisting of two grain size ranges and the highest peak shear stresses were found in specimens consisting of three grain size ranges. The highest shear displacements corresponding to the peak shear stresses were found in the specimens consisting of three particle size ranges. The effect of different grain size compositions on the peak shear stress and its corresponding shear displacement of the rock mass was revealed. Specimens consisting of one grain size range produced significant fracture and acoustic emission prior to the peak shear stress. The acoustic emission was jumped after the main fracture was formed. The specimen consisting of two grain size ranges produced fractures and strong acoustic emission characteristics after the peak shear stress. Thereafter, fracture reappeared and the acoustic emission signature increased again. As the specimen entered the residual strength phase, the acoustic emission was jumpy. Specimens consisting of three grain size ranges were brittle fractures with weak acoustic emission characteristics after the main fracture has formed. The cumulative energy of shear acoustic emission was the highest for a rock mass consisting of three grain size ranges. The rock mass consisting of three grain size ranges was also the strongest and most difficult to fracture because the grains were more fully embedded in each other.
Regulated cell death joins in atherosclerotic plaque silent progression
Authors: Uyy Elena , Suica Viorel I. , Boteanu Raluca M. , Cerveanu-Hogas Aurel , Ivan Luminita , Hansen Rune , Antohe Felicia
Published: February 2022

Non-apoptotic regulated cell death (ferroptosis and necroptosis) leads to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which initiate and perpetuate a non-infectious inflammatory response. We hypothesize that DAMPs and non-apoptotic regulated cell death are critical players of atherosclerotic plaque progression with inadequate response to lipid-lowering treatment. We aimed to uncover the silent mechanisms that govern the existing residual risk of cardiovascular-related mortality in experimental atherosclerosis. Proteomic and genomic approaches were applied on the ascending aorta of hyperlipidemic rabbits and controls with and without lipid-lowering treatment. The hyperlipidemic animals, which presented numerous heterogeneous atherosclerotic lesions, exhibited high concentrations of serum lipids and increased lipid peroxidation oxidative stress markers. The analyses revealed the significant upregulation of DAMPs and proteins implicated in ferroptosis and necroptosis by hyperlipidemia. Some of them did not respond to lipid-lowering treatment. Dysregulation of five proteins involved in non-apoptotic regulated cell death proteins (VDAC1, VDAC3, FTL, TF and PCBP1) and nine associated DAMPs (HSP90AA1, HSP90AB1, ANXA1, LGALS3, HSP90B1, S100A11, FN, CALR, H3-3A) was not corrected by the treatment. These proteins could play a key role in the atherosclerotic silent evolution and may possess an unexplored therapeutic potential. Mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD026379.
Association between depression and anxiety on symptom and function after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Held U. , Burgstaller J. M. , Deforth M. , Steurer J. , Pichierri G. , Wertli M. M.
Published: February 2022

Evidence on the role of depression and anxiety in patients undergoing surgical treatment for symptomatic degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) is conflicting. We aimed to assess the association between depression and anxiety with symptoms and function in patients undergoing surgery for DLSS. Included were patients with symptomatic DLSS participating in a prospective multicentre cohort study who underwent surgery and completed the 24-month follow-up. We used the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) to assess depression/anxiety. We used mixed-effects models to quantify the impact on the primary outcome change in the spinal stenosis measure (SSM) symptoms/function subscale from baseline to 12- and 24-months. Logistic regression analysis was used to quantify the odds of the SSM to reach a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) at 24 months follow-up. The robustness of the results in the presence of unmeasured confounding was quantified using a benchmarking method based on a multiple linear model. Out of 401 patients 72 (17.95%) were depressed and 80 anxious (19.05%). Depression was associated with more symptoms (β = 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20 to 0.51, p < 0.001) and worse function (β = 0.37, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.50, p < 0.001) at 12- and 24-months. Only the association between baseline depression and SSM symptoms/function was robust at 12 and 24 months. There was no evidence for baseline depression/anxiety decreasing odds for a MCID in SSM symptoms and function over time. In patients undergoing surgery for symptomatic DLSS, preoperative depression but not anxiety was associated with more severe symptoms and disability at 12 and 24 months.
Causes of functional low vision in a Brazilian rehabilitation service
Authors: Ferreira Manuela Molina , Antunes-Foschini Rosalia , Furtado João M.
Published: February 2022

There is limited information on functional low vision (FLV) in Latin America, especially in individuals under 50 years of age. In the present study, we retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 1393 consecutive subjects seen at a Brazilian tertiary rehabilitation service, from February 2009 to June 2016. We collected sociodemographic, clinical data, and information on optical aids and spectacle prescription. Subjects were divided into three age groups: 0 to 14 years old (children), 15 to 49 years old (young adults), and 50 years or older (older adults). The main etiologies leading to FLV in children were cerebral visual impairment (27.9%), ocular toxoplasmosis (8.2%), and retinopathy of prematurity (7.8%). In young adults, retinitis pigmentosa (7.4%) and cone/rod dystrophy (6.5%) were the most frequent, while in older adults, age-related macular degeneration (25.3%) and diabetic retinopathy (18.0%) were the leading causes. Our results indicate that preventable diseases are important causes of FLV in children in the area, and proper prenatal care could reduce their burden. The increasing life expectancy in Latin America and the diabetes epidemic are likely to increase the demand for affordable, people-centered rehabilitation centers, and their integration into health services should be planned accordingly.
Realizing the full reservoir operation potential during the 2020 Yangtze river floods
Authors: Zhang Hairong , Dou Yanhong , Ye Lei , Zhang Chi , Yao Huaming , Bao Zhengfeng , Tang Zhengyang , Wang Yongqiang , Huang Yukai , Zhu Shuang , Xie Mengfei , Wu Jiang , Shi Chao , Ren Yufeng , Zhang Dongjie , Wu Biqiong , Chen Yufan
Published: February 2022

Five severe floods occurred in the Yangtze River Basin, China, between July and August 2020, and the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) located in the middle Yangtze River experienced the highest inflow since construction. The world’s largest cascade-reservoir group, which counts for 22 cascade reservoirs in the upper Yangtze River, cooperated in real time to control floods. The cooperation prevented evacuation of 600,000 people and extensive inundations of farmlands and aquacultural areas. In addition, no water spillage occurred during the flood control period, resulting in a world-record annual output of the TGR hydropower station. This work describes decision making challenges in the cooperation of super large reservoir groups based on a case-study, controlling the 4th and 5th floods (from Aug-14 to Aug-22), the efforts of technicians, multi-departments, and the state, and reflects on these. To realize the full potential of reservoir operation for the Yangtze River Basin and other basins with large reservoir groups globally, we suggest: (i) improve flood forecast accuracy with a long leading time; (ii) strengthen and further develop ongoing research on reservoir group cooperation; and (iii) improve and implement institutional mechanisms for coordinated operation of large reservoir groups.
A network pharmacology-based approach to explore mechanism of action of medicinal herbs for alopecia treatment
Authors: Leem Jungtae , Jung Wonmo , Park Hi-Joon , Kim Kyuseok
Published: February 2022

Hair loss is one of the most common skin problems experienced by more than half of the world's population. In East Asia, medicinal herbs have been used widely in clinical practice to treat hair loss. Recent studies, including systematic literature reviews, indicate that medicinal herbs may demonstrate potential effects for hair loss treatment. In a previous study, we identified medical herbs used frequently for alopecia treatment. Herein, we explored the potential novel therapeutic mechanisms of 20 vital medicinal herbs for alopecia treatment that could distinguish them from known mechanisms of conventional drugs using network pharmacology analysis methods. We determined the herb-ingredient–target protein networks and ingredient-associated protein (gene)-associated pathway networks and calculated the weighted degree centrality to define the strength of the connections. Data showed that 20 vital medicinal herbs could exert therapeutic effects on alopecia mainly mediated via regulation of various target genes and proteins, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), phospholipase A2 (PLA2) subtypes, ecto-5-nucleotidase (NTE5), folate receptor (FR), nicotinamideN-methyltransferase (NNMT), and quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT). Findings regarding target genes/proteins and pathways of medicinal herbs associated with alopecia treatment offer insights for further research to better understand the pathogenesis and therapeutic mechanism of medicinal herbs for alopecia treatment with traditional herbal medicine.
Identifying multimorbidity profiles associated with COVID-19 severity in chronic patients using network analysis in the PRECOVID Study
Authors: Carmona-Pírez Jonás , Gimeno-Miguel Antonio , Bliek-Bueno Kevin , Poblador-Plou Beatriz , Díez-Manglano Jesús , Ioakeim-Skoufa Ignatios , González-Rubio Francisca , Poncel-Falcó Antonio , Prados-Torres Alexandra , Gimeno-Feliu Luis A. ,   on behalf of the PRECOVID Group, Moreno-Juste Aida , Cano-del-Pozo Mabel , Bandrés-Liso Ana Cristina , Pico-Soler Victoria , Aza-Pascual-Salcedo Mercedes , Ara-Bardají Paula
Published: February 2022

A major risk factor of COVID-19 severity is the patient's health status at the time of the infection. Numerous studies focused on specific chronic diseases and identified conditions, mainly cardiovascular ones, associated with poor prognosis. However, chronic diseases tend to cluster into patterns, each with its particular repercussions on the clinical outcome of infected patients. Network analysis in our population revealed that not all cardiovascular patterns have the same risk of COVID-19 hospitalization or mortality and that this risk depends on the pattern of multimorbidity, besides age and sex. We evidenced that negative outcomes were strongly related to patterns in which diabetes and obesity stood out in older women and men, respectively. In younger adults, anxiety was another disease that increased the risk of severity, most notably when combined with menstrual disorders in women or atopic dermatitis in men. These results have relevant implications for organizational, preventive, and clinical actions to help meet the needs of COVID-19 patients.
Stromal-vascular fraction and adipose-derived stem cell therapies improve cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis-induced rats
Authors: Yang Wan-Ting , Ke Chun-Yen , Yeh Kuang-Ting , Huang Shyh-Geng , Lin Zi-Yang , Wu Wen-Tien , Lee Ru-Ping
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on cartilage injury in an osteoarthritis (OA) rat model. Sodium iodoacetate (3 mg/50 μL) was used to induce OA in the left knee joint of rats. On day 14 after OA induction, 50 μL of SVF (5 × 106cells), ADSCs (1 × 106 cells), or 0.9% normal saline (NS) was injected into the left knee-joint cavity of each group. The macroscopic view and histological sections revealed that the articular cartilage in the NS group was damaged, inflamed, uneven and thin, and had hyperchromatic cell infiltration. Notably, the cartilage surface had recovered to nearly normal and appeared smooth and bright on day 14 in the SVF and ADSC groups. Additionally, the white blood cell counts in the SVF and ADSC groups were higher than those in the NS group on day 14. Plasma IL-1β levels on days 7 and 14 were reduced in the SVF and ADSC groups. These results indicated that both SVF and ADSC treatments may assist in articular cartilage regeneration after cartilage injury. Cell therapy may benefit patients with OA. However, clinical trials with humans are required before the application of SVF and ADSC treatments in patients with OA.
Thermophiles and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in biofilm microbial consortia that decompose lignocellulosic plant litters at high temperatures
Authors: Liew Kok Jun , Liang Chee Hung , Lau Yee Ting , Yaakop Amira Suriaty , Chan Kok-Gan , Shahar Saleha , Shamsir Mohd Shahir , Goh Kian Mau
Published: February 2022

The SKY hot spring is a unique site filled with a thick layer of plant litter. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing, it is now possible to mine many new biocatalyst sequences. In this study, we aimed to (i) identify the metataxonomic of prokaryotes and eukaryotes in microbial mats using 16S and 18S rRNA markers, (ii) and explore carbohydrate degrading enzymes (CAZymes) that have a high potential for future applications. Green microbial mat, predominantly photosynthetic bacteria, was attached to submerged or floating leaves litter. At the spring head, the sediment mixture consisted of plant debris, predominantly brownish-reddish gelatinous microbial mat, pale tan biofilm, and grey-white filament biofilm. The population in the spring head had a higher percentage of archaea and hyperthermophiles than the green mat. Concurrently, we cataloged nearly 10,000 sequences of CAZymes in both green and brown biofilms using the shotgun metagenomic sequencing approach. These sequences include β-glucosidase, cellulase, xylanase, α-N-arabinofuranosidase, α-l-arabinofuranosidase, and other CAZymes. In conclusion, this work elucidated that SKY is a unique hot spring due to its rich lignocellulosic material, often absent in other hot springs. The data collected from this study serves as a repository of new thermostable macromolecules, in particular families of glycoside hydrolases.
Micro- and nanometric characterization of the celestite skeleton of acantharian species (Radiolaria, Rhizaria)
Authors: Fujimaki Rina , Suzuki Noritoshi , Kimoto Katsunori , Nagai Yukiko , Oaki Yuya , Shimode Shinji , Toyofuku Takashi , Imai Hiroaki
Published: February 2022

We clarified the specific micrometric arrangement and nanometric structure of the radiolarian crystalline spines that are not a simple single crystal. A body of the celestite (SrSO4) skeleton of acantharian Acanthometra cf. multispina (Acanthometridae) composed of 20 radial spines having four blades was characterized using microfocus X-ray computed tomography. The regular arrangement of three types of spines was clarified with the connection of the blades around the root of each spine. The surface of the spines was covered with a chitin-based organic membrane to prevent from dissolution in seawater. In the nanometric scale, the mesocrystalline structure that consists of nanoscale grains having distorted single-crystal nature was revealed using scanning- and transmission electron microscopies, electron diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The acantharian skeletons have a crystallographically controlled architecture that is covered with a protective organic membrane. These facts are important for penetrating the nature of biogenic minerals.
Multiplex real-time RT-PCR method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by targeting viral N, RdRP and human RP genes
Authors: Tombuloglu Huseyin , Sabit Hussein , Al-Khallaf Hamoud , Kabanja Juma H. , Alsaeed Moneerah , Al-Saleh Najat , Al-Suhaimi Ebtesam
Published: February 2022

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This pandemic has brought the world to a standstill and threatened human lives. Many methods are known to date to detect this virus. Due to their relative sensitivity, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays are the most frequently applied and considered the gold standard. However, due to the rapid mutation rate of the viral genome and the emergence of new variants, existing protocols need to be updated and improved. Designing a fast and accurate PCR-based assay is of great importance for the early detection of this virus and more efficient control of the spread of this disease. This study describes a fast, reliable, easy-to-use, and high-throughput multiplex SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR detection method. The assay was designed to detect two viral genes (N and RdRP) and a human gene (RP) simultaneously. The performance and the sensitivity of the assay were tested in 28 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples and compared with commercial kits, which showed 100% positive percent agreement with a limit of detection (LOD) value of 1.40 and 0.81 copies/µL or 35.13 and 20.31 copies/reaction for RdRP and N genes, respectively. The current assay is found accurate, reliable, simple, sensitive, and specific. It can be used as an optimized SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic assay in hospitals, medical centers, and diagnostic laboratories as well as for research purposes.
Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-based prediction of collision cross section values for ion mobility mass spectrometric analysis of lipids
Authors: Wang Jian-Ying , Yin Ying-Hao , Zheng Jia-Yi , Liu Li-Fang , Yao Zhong-Ping , Xin Gui-Zhong
Published: February 2022

A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-based prediction method was developed for the prediction of lipids’ CCS values.
New approaches to the functionalization of the 1-carba-closo-decaborate anion
Authors: Shmal’ko Akim V. , Cendoya Paula , Anufriev Sergey A. , Suponitsky Kyrill Yu. , Gabel Detlef , Sivaev Igor B.
Published: February 2022

Two new approaches to the functionalization of the 1-carba-closo-decaborate anion resulting in the formation of B–O and B–N bonds were developed.
Transfer-catalyst-free biomimetic asymmetric reduction of 3-sulfonyl coumarins with a regenerable NAD(P)H model
Authors: Zhu Zhou-Hao , Ding Yi-Xuan , Zhou Yong-Gui
Published: February 2022

A novel transfer-catalyst-free biomimetic reduction of 3-sulfonyl coumarins with the chiral and regenerable NAD(P)H model CYNAM has been developed, affording the 3-sulfonyl dihydrocoumarins with excellent enantioselectivities.
A tri-modal paper device based on flower-like CuSe for the detection of an Alzheimer's disease-associated microRNA marker
Authors: Zhu Yaqi , Tian Yang , Zheng Tingting
Published: February 2022

A tri-modal paper device based on flower-like CuSe was developed for monitoring Alzheimer's disease-related miRNA by integrating colorimetric, photothermal and surface-enhanced Raman scattering approaches.
Synthesis of sterically encumbered di- and triarylamines by palladium-catalysed C–N coupling reactions under mild reaction conditions
Authors: Neigenfind Philipp , Knyszek Daniel , Handelmann Jens , Gessner Viktoria H.
Published: February 2022

A simple Pd-catalyzed C–N coupling protocol for the formation of diarylamines as well as bulky triarylamines under mild reaction conditions has been developed based using a single ylide-substituted phosphine ligand.
The influence of global climate change on accumulation and toxicity of persistent organic pollutants and chemicals of emerging concern in Arctic food webs
Authors: Borgå Katrine , McKinney Melissa A. , Routti Heli , Fernie Kim J. , Giebichenstein Julia , Hallanger Ingeborg , Muir Derek C. G.
Published: February 2022

Global climate change-driven shifts in physical and ecological processes may alter POPs concentrations in Arctic food webs.
Aggravated toxicity of copper sulfide nanoparticles via hypochlorite-induced nanoparticle dissolution
Authors: Kong Long , Wang Xiaohong , Li Xiaoyu , Liu Jian , Huang Xinxin , Qin Yingju , Che Xin , Zhou Hongyu , Martyniuk Christopher J. , Yan Bing
Published: February 2022

The developmental toxicity in early staged zebrafish and corresponding mechanisms upon exposure to a mixture of CuSNPs and hypochlorite were investigated.
The bioaccessibility of folate in breads and the stability of folate vitamers duringin vitrodigestion
Authors: Liu Fengyuan , Edelmann Minnamari , Piironen Vieno , Kariluoto Susanna
Published: February 2022

This study aimed at providing insights on the bioaccessibility of folate from the aspects of folate stability and folate liberation during thein vitrodigestion.
Laser ablation-ICP-mass spectrometry for determination of the concentrations and spatial distributions of bromine and iodine in human hair
Authors: Novo Diogo La Rosa , Van Acker Thibaut , Belza Joke , Vanhaecke Frank , Mesko Marcia Foster
Published: February 2022

Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was applied for the determination of Br and I in hair strands of human individuals under treatment with synthetic thyroid hormones.
GC-MS exploration of photochemically generated species of Os, W and Ru from reductive and oxidative media
Authors: Pagliano Enea , Vyhnanovský Jaromír , Musil Stanislav , de Oliveira Richard M. , Forczek Sándor T. , Sturgeon Ralph E.
Published: February 2022

GC-MS identification of W(CO)6 and OsO4 confirms these products of photochemical vapor generation from W(vi) and Os(iv) in reductive and oxidative media, respectively.
Supramolecular complexation with kinetic stabilization: cucurbit[6]uril encapsulated doxorubicin-based prodrugs for pH-responsive controlled release
Authors: Mao Weipeng , Wang Shuyi , Mao Dake , Liu Yamin , Li Libai , Ma Da
Published: February 2022

Kinetically-stabilized host–guest complexation for the construction of a pH-responsive drug delivery system.
Macrocyclic versus open-chain carbazole receptors for carboxylate binding
Authors: Kheirjou Somayyeh , Rüütel Alo , Darnell Astrid , Haljasorg Tõiv , Leito Ivo
Published: February 2022

Anion binding receptors based on bis-carbazolyl urea, with log binding constants up to above 5 towards acetate.
Living polymer networks prepared by controlled radical polymerization techniques
Authors: Bainbridge Chris William Anderson , Wangsadijaya Andika , Broderick Neil , Jin Jianyong
Published: February 2022

Much has been done towards the traditional usage of controlled radical polymerization, but with a far lesser degree of work in polymer networks. Here, we cover both parent and daughter networks, and finish by looking at their future potential.
Chemical vapor deposition merges MoS2 grains into high-quality and centimeter-scale films on Si/SiO2
Authors: Singh Mukesh , Ghosh Rapti , Chen Yu-Siang , Yen Zhi-Long , Hofmann Mario , Chen Yang-Fang , Hsieh Ya-Ping
Published: February 2022

Control of the precursor transport through oxygen dosing yields increased MoS2 coverage and increased connectivity between crystalline MoS2 domains.
Preparation and characterization of stable core/shell Fe3O4@Au decorated with an amine group for immobilization of lipase by covalent attachment
Authors: Aghamolaei Marziyeh , Landarani-Isfahani Amir , Bahadori Mehrnaz , Nori Zahra Zamani , Rezaei Saghar , Moghadam Majid , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Mirkhani Valiollah , Mohammadpoor-Baltork Iraj
Published: February 2022

The self-assembly approach was used for amine decoration of core/shell Fe3O4@Au with 4-aminothiophenol.
Green modification of graphene dispersion with high nanosheet content, good dispersibility, and long storage stability
Authors: Li Minghua , Lu Xiaoyu , Jiang Jiajia , Gao Lei , Gao Jie , Jiang Dongming
Published: February 2022

An easy, green, noncovalent surface modification of pristine graphene (GR) was carried out by using a single-step method, resulting in the formation of a modified CMC-GR dispersion with 15% nanosheet content, the first reported in water.
Highly stable and uniformly dispersed 1T-MoS2 nanosheets co-induced by chemical pressure and 2D template method with high supercapacitor performance
Authors: Li Han , Lin Shuai , Li Hui , Wu Ziqiang , Zhu Lili , Li Changdian , Zhu Xuebin , Sun Yuping
Published: February 2022

A one-pot synthesis of a well-matched and high-stability 1T-M0.71W0.29S2/Ti3C2Tx MXene heterostructure with high supercapacitor performance.
Decoupling mechano- and electrochemical gating: a direct visualization for piezo-ionic propelled proton tunneling in self-charging supercapacitors
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Karthikeyan , Manoharan Sindhuja , Mariappan Vimal Kumar , Pazhamalai Parthiban , Kim Sang-Jae
Published: February 2022

A novel self-charging supercapacitor power cell was designed using graphene supercapacitor electrodes and Nafion solid polyelectrolyte that works using the piezo-ionic phenomenon.
Enhancing CZTSSe solar cells through electric field induced ion migration
Authors: O'Neill A. , Jo Eunae , Choi Eunyoung , Park Jongsung , Kim Jin Hyeok , Yun J. S. , Seidel J.
Published: February 2022

Solar cells made from Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTS)-derived materials have been widely studied for their favourable material properties utilized in photovoltaic energy conversion.
The origin of anomalous hydrogen occupation in high entropy alloys
Authors: Hu Jutao , Zhang Jinjing , Li Menglu , Zhang Sa , Xiao Haiyan , Xie Lei , Sun Guangai , Shen Huahai , Zhou Xiaosong , Li Xiaoqing , Li Pengcheng , Zhang Jianwei , Vitos Levente , Zu Xiaotao
Published: February 2022

The hydrogen to metal ratio of high entropy alloys (HEAs) can exceed 2 due to the simultaneous occupation of tetrahedral and octahedral sites by hydrogen. Such anomalous hydrogen occupations originate from the chemical disordering in HEAs.
Topical hemostatic materials for coagulopathy
Authors: Hu Bingjie , Bao Guochen , Xu Xiaoxue , Yang Kai
Published: February 2022

We present a thorough analysis on the hemostatic mechanisms and the design principles of hemostatic materials for coagulopathy, survey their remarkable success, and briefly discuss the challenges and perspectives for their clinical translation.
A highly efficient and transparent luminescent solar concentrator based on a nanosized metal cluster luminophore anchored on polymers
Authors: Choi Jun , Nguyen Dieu , Gi Eunbyeol , Brylev Konstantin A. , Yu Ji Woong , Kim Dawoon , Lee Won Bo , Kim Dong Ha , Chung In , Kim Kyung Kon , Kim Sung-Jin
Published: February 2022

Organic–inorganic nano-sized hexanuclear complexes were copolymerized with PMMA to generate a LSC device with a high efficiency up to 1.24% and a transparency >85%. Our LSC suggests a practical future direction for smart windows.
Efficient ternary bulk heterojunction organic solar cells using a low-cost nonfullerene acceptor
Authors: Schlachter Adrien , Marineau-Plante Gabriel , Harvey Pierre D. , Agrawal Anupam , Sharma Ganesh D.
Published: February 2022

To improve the power conversion efficiency of single junction polymer solar cells (PSCs), we have used a ternary blend consisting of a low bandgap D–A conjugated polymer P and two acceptors, i.e., one nonfullerene, Cz-IC, and one fullerene, PC71BM.
Simultaneous enhancement of fluorescence intensity, thermometric sensitivity and SNR of upconversion thermometers via optical field localization
Authors: Huang Guoran , Wu Xiaofeng , Zhan Shiping , Liu Yunxin
Published: February 2022

The proposed 2D photonic crystal (PC)/Au/UCNPs upconverted platform can simultaneously enhance the detected signal intensity, SNR and thermometric sensitivity by creating extra amplified interfacial thermal fields around the UCNPs.
Novel, flexible, and transparent thin film polyimide aerogels with enhanced thermal insulation and high service temperature
Authors: Tafreshi Omid Aghababaei , Ghaffari-Mosanenzadeh Shahriar , Karamikamkar Solmaz , Saadatnia Zia , Kiddell Sophie , Park Chul B. , Naguib Hani E.
Published: February 2022

Due to their high service temperature, excellent thermal insulation, and nanoporous morphology, polyimide (PI) aerogels have the potential capability to be used in the next generation of microelectronic devices and flexible electronics.
Correction: Antimicrobial peptide modification enhances the gene delivery and bactericidal efficiency of gold nanoparticles for accelerating diabetic wound healing
Authors: Wang Song , Yan Chang , Zhang Ximu , Shi Dezhi , Chi Luxiang , Luo Gaoxing , Jun Deng
Published: February 2022

Correction for ‘Antimicrobial peptide modification enhances the gene delivery and bactericidal efficiency of gold nanoparticles for accelerating diabetic wound healing’ by Song Wang et al., Biomater. Sci., 2018, 6, 2757–2772, DOI: 10.1039/C8BM00807H.
Thermodynamic stability of cis-azobenzene containing DNA materials based on van der Waals forces
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Han , Liu Yun , Wu Zhongtao
Published: February 2022

A biomaterial with a photoregulated phase change showing a stable isotropic liquid state was developed by taking advantage of the van der Waals forces of cis-azobenzene.
Electron diffraction as a structure tool for charged and neutral nanoclusters formed in superfluid helium droplets
Authors: Zhang Jie , Kong Wei
Published: February 2022

Electron diffraction of clusters doped in superfluid helium droplets is an in situ technique for cluster synthesis and atomic structure determination. Both neutral and ionic nanoclusters can be investigated with proper care of the helium background.
Gas-phase deposition of di- and tetra-lithium salts of 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid
Authors: Heiska Juho , Karppinen Maarit
Published: February 2022

Thin films of ambipolar Li2DHTP and Li4DHTP organic electrode materials are grown from the same Li(thd) (lithium tetramethyl heptanedione) and DHTP (dihydroxyterephthalic acid) precursors by simply adjusting the pulsing times of these precursors.
BF3·OEt2 catalyzed decarbonylative arylation/C–H functionalization of diazoamides with arylaldehydes: synthesis of substituted 3-aryloxindoles
Authors: Muthusamy Sengodagounder , Prabu Ammasi
Published: February 2022

A metal-free BF3·OEt2 catalyzed direct decarbonylative arylation of diazoamides with readily accessible aryl aldehydes under an open-air atmosphere was developed to afford 3-aryloxindoles via 1,2-aryl migration with high selectivity.
Supramolecular polymerization based on the metalation of porphyrin nanosheets in aqueous media
Authors: Kim Sukyoung , Kim Ka Young , Jung Jong Hwa , Jung Sung Ho
Published: February 2022

The metalation-dependent assembling behavior of porphyrin-based supramolecular aggregates with tunable areas and narrow dispersity is demonstrated via a seeded growth approach.
Designing bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) for aqueous catalysis: Co/Zn-ZIF-8 as a cyclic-durable catalyst for hydrogen peroxide oxidative decomposition of organic dyes in water
Authors: Abuzalat Osama , Tantawy Hesham , Basuni Mustafa , Alkordi Mohamed H. , Baraka Ahmad
Published: February 2022

This work presents the catalytic activity of bimetallic ZIF-8 for degrading aquatic contaminants by H2O2 decomposition. This study boosts utilizing different ZIFs structures as durable catalysts for contaminants degradation.
Atomically ordered Pt3Mn intermetallic electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells
Authors: Lim Jeonghoon , Jung Chanwon , Hong Doosun , Bak Junu , Shin Jaewook , Kim MinJoong , Song DongHoon , Lee Changsoo , Lim Jinkyu , Lee Hyunjoo , Lee Hyuck Mo , Cho EunAe
Published: February 2022

A Pt3Mn intermetallic ORR electrocatalyst was synthesized using a facile synthesis without using additional multi-steps, and exhibits superior single-cell performance and durability.
Highly efficient water harvesting of bioinspired spindle-knotted microfibers with continuous hollow channels
Authors: Liu Huanyu , Wang Yiying , Yin Wei , Yuan Hao , Guo Ting , Meng Tao
Published: February 2022

The hollow channel endows microfibers with stronger water collection ability than that of solid microfibers, because of the enhanced capillary force.
Metallocatanionic vesicle-mediated enhanced singlet oxygen generation and photodynamic therapy of cancer cells
Authors: Sharma Bunty , Jain Akhil , Pérez-García Lluïsa , Watts Julie A. , Rawson Frankie J. , Chaudhary Ganga Ram , Kaur Gurpreet
Published: February 2022

In this work, dual-charge stable metallocatanionic vesicles are synthesized and used for methylene blue (MB) delivery with enhanced singlet oxygen generation capability and phototoxicity effect against cancer cells.
Epitaxial lift-off of single crystalline CuI thin films
Authors: Storm Philipp , Selle Susanne , von Wenckstern Holger , Grundmann Marius , Lorenz Michael
Published: February 2022

Single crystalline thin films of the transparent, p-type semiconductor copper iodide (CuI) were grown by pulsed laser deposition on SrF2(111) and sodium bromide (NaBr) sacrificial layers to create free-standing CuI films.
Finite‐time attitude‐orbit integrated tracking control of flexible spacecraft under input saturation
Authors: Fan Ruichao , Wu Fan , Liu Ming , Liu Ruixia
Published: February 2022

This paper investigates the attitude‐orbit integrated modeling and robust control of flexible spacecraft with input saturation. First, the dual‐number method is employed to describe the dynamic model of the spacecraft with the flexible appendage. Then, a fast terminal sliding mode control law is designed to stabilize the attitude‐orbit control system of the spacecraft. In addition, considering the input saturation, a time‐varying siding surface based terminal sliding mode control law is further proposed to solve the design problem. Under the designed control laws, the state trajectories of the attitude‐orbit coupled control systems can achieve to be finite‐time stable, and the reachability of the proposed sliding surface can be ensured at the same time. Finally, through numerical simulations and comparison with the conventional methods, the superiority of the proposed control strategies in convergence speed and convergence accuracy is verified, and the feasibility of engineering application is verified.
Topic scene graphs for image captioning
Authors: Zhang Min , Chen Jingxiang , Li Pengfei , Jiang Ming , Zhou Zhe
Published: February 2022

When describing an image, people can rapidly extract the topic from the image and find the main object, generating sentences that match the main idea of the image. However, most of the scene graph generation methods do not emphasise the importance of the topic of the image. Consequently, the captions generated by the scene graph‐based image captioning models cannot reflect the topic in the image then expressing the central idea of the image. In this paper, we propose a method for image captioning based on topic scene graphs (TSG). Firstly, we propose the structure of topic scene graphs that express images' topics and the relationships between objects. Then, combined with the topic scene graph, we utilise the salient object detection to generate the topic scene graph highlighting the salient objects of the image. Note that our framework is agnostic to any scene graph‐based image captioning model and thus can be widely applied in the community which seeks salient object predictions. We compare the performance of our topic scene graph with the state‐of‐the‐art scene graph generation models and mainstream image captioning models on MSCOCO and Visual Genome datasets, both achieving better performance.
Robust adversarial examples against scale transformation via generative network
Authors: Liu Minjie , Zhang Xinpeng , Feng Guorui
Published: February 2022

Nowadays, adversarial examples of images which are generated by adding special perturbations on their hosts make great impact on many deep neural network (DNN)‐based computer vision tasks and bring security risks. With the deep insight into this field, researchers realize that many simple image processing methods can easily reduce the attack success rate. Therefore, studies on robust adversarial examples that are able to defend destruction become the emphasis. However, most existing methods focus more on the distortion in user transmitting procedures and physical deformation such as JPEG compression and brightness. Given that scale transformation is one of the commonest measures in data transformation and enhancement, a two‐step algorithm is proposed to eliminate the effect caused by resizing during the model inferring process. The first step is to select pixels that can affect the classification result through a DNN. As a binary classification task, the network predicts whether the pixel deserves to be modified or not. The second one is to strategically compute the amplitude of noise and add it to the host image. Experiments verify that this method resists the scale transformation and guarantees the invisibility of humans as well.
A large population study of protoplanetary disks
Authors: Zormpas Apostolos , Birnstiel Tilman , Rosotti Giovanni P. , Andrews Sean M.
Published: February 2022

Recent subarcsecond resolution surveys of the dust continuum emission from nearby protoplanetary disks show a strong correlation between the sizes and luminosities of the disks. We aim to explain the origin of the (sub-)millimeter size-luminosity relation (SLR) between the 68% effective radius (reff) of disks with their continuum luminosity (Lmm), with models of gas and dust evolution in a simple viscous accretion disk and radiative transfer calculations. We use a large grid of models (105 simulations) with and without planetary gaps, and vary the initial conditions of the key parameters. We calculate the disk continuum emission and the effective radius for all models as a function of time. By selecting those simulations that continuously follow the SLR, we can derive constraints on the input parameters of the models. We confirm previous results that models of smooth disks in the radial drift regime are compatible with the observed SLR (Lmm ∝ reff2), but only smooth disks cannot be the reality. We show that the SLR is more widely populated if planets are present. However, they tend to follow a different relation than smooth disks, potentially implying that a mixture of smooth and substructured disks are present in the observed sample. We derive a SLR (Lmm ∝ reff5/4) for disks with strong substructure. To be compatible with the SLR, models need to have an initially high disk mass (≥2.5 × 10−2 M*) and low turbulence-parameter a values (≤10−3). Furthermore, we find that the grain composition and porosity drastically affects the evolution of disks in the size-luminosity diagram where relatively compact grains that include amorphous carbon are favored. Moreover, a uniformly optically thick disk with high albedo (0.9) that follows the SLR cannot be formed from an evolutionary procedure.
Direct measurement of the distribution of dark matter with strongly lensed gravitational waves
Authors: Cao Shuo , Qi Jingzhao , Cao Zhoujian , Biesiada Marek , Cheng Wei , Zhu Zong-Hong
Published: February 2022

In this Letter, we present a new idea of probing the distribution of dark matter exhibiting elastic and velocity-independent self-interactions. These interactions might be revealed in multiple measurements of strongly lensed gravitational waves, which can be observationally explored to determine the strength of self-scatterings. Specifically, each individual galactic-scale strong-lensing system whose source is a coalescing compact binary emitting gravitational waves will provide a model-independent measurement of the shear viscosity of dark matter along the line of sight. These individual measurements could be a probe of large-scale distribution of dark matter and its properties. Our results indicate that with 10–1000 strongly lensed gravitational waves from ET and DECIGO, robust constraints on the large-scale distribution of self-interacting dark matter might be produced. More stringent limits on the dark matter scattering cross-section per unit mass (σχ/mχ) relevant to galaxy and cluster scales are also expected, compared with the conservative estimates obtained in the electromagnetic domain. Finally, we discuss the effectiveness of our method in the context of self-interacting dark matter particle physics.
IBIS-A: The IBIS data Archive
Authors: Ermolli Ilaria , Giorgi Fabrizio , Murabito Mariarita , Stangalini Marco , Guido Vincenzo , Molinaro Marco , Romano Paolo , Guglielmino Salvatore L. , Viavattene Giorgio , Cauzzi Gianna , Criscuoli Serena , Reardon Kevin P. , Tritschler Alexandra
Published: February 2022

Context. The IBIS data Archive (IBIS-A) stores data acquired with the Interferometric BIdimensional Spectropolarimeter (IBIS), which was operated at the Dunn Solar Telescope of the US National Solar Observatory from June 2003 to June 2019. The instrument provided series of high-resolution narrowband spectropolarimetric imaging observations of the photosphere and chromosphere in the range 5800–8600 Å and co-temporal broadband observations in the same spectral range and with the same field of view as for the polarimetric data.

Aims. We present the data currently stored in IBIS-A, as well as the interface utilized to explore such data and facilitate its scientific exploitation. To this end, we also describe the use of IBIS-A data in recent and undergoing studies relevant to solar physics and space weather research.

Methods. IBIS-A includes raw and calibrated observations, as well as science-ready data. The latter comprise maps of the circular, linear, and net circular polarization, and of the magnetic and velocity fields derived for a significant fraction of the series available in the archive. IBIS-A furthermore contains links to observations complementary to the IBIS data, such as co-temporal high-resolution observations of the solar atmosphere available from the instruments onboard the Hinode and IRIS satellites, and full-disk multi-band images from INAF solar telescopes.

Results. IBIS-A currently consists of 30 TB of data taken with IBIS during 28 observing campaigns performed in 2008 and from 2012 to 2019 on 159 days. Of the observations, 29% are released as Level 1 data calibrated for instrumental response and compensated for residual seeing degradation, while 10% of the calibrated data are also available as Level 1.5 format as multi-dimensional arrays of circular, linear, and net circular polarization maps, and line-of-sight velocity patterns; 81% of the photospheric calibrated series present Level 2 data with the view of the magnetic and velocity fields of the targets, as derived from data inversion with the Very Fast Inversion of the Stokes Vector code. Metadata and movies of each calibrated and science-ready series are also available to help users evaluate observing conditions.

Conclusions. IBIS-A represents a unique resource for investigating the plasma processes in the solar atmosphere and the solar origin of space weather events. The archive currently contains 454 different series of observations. A recently undertaken effort to preserve IBIS observations is expected to lead in the future to an increase in the raw measurements and the fraction of processed data available in IBIS-A.