bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility Study of Zero Energy Houses: Case Study of Magrun City - Libya
Authors: Alshoshan Karima , El-Osta Wedad , Kahlifa Yosof , Saleh Ibrahim
Published: January 2022

The residential load is one of the largest consumers of the electric energy in Libya that could be supplied by renewable energies. Renewable energy technologies and systems can be a good solution to build “Zero Energy Buildings”. A zero-energy house is proposed for Maqrun city. It is intended to use wind turbine with batteries as a storage system to supply electric energy demand for this house. The intended house average daily electric energy demand is estimated to be 35 kWh/day. Two WECS were selected to supply the energy demand each of size 6 kW. Th energy produced by the selected wind energy conversion system (WECS) is about 23,894 kWh/yr and the expected capacity factor at the site is about 23%. Modeling of energy demand of the house and simulation of its performance was performed using excel sheets and HOMER softare.
Review on solar water heating in Libya
Authors: Abdunnabi Mohammad , Rohuma Ibrahim , Endya Essam , Belal Esmaeel
Published: January 2022

This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the history and the best practices of solar water heaters in Libya. Although Libya is blessed with high solar potential, there is no widespread implementation of this technology due to many reasons such as: the cheap price of both electricity and electric water heaters, lack of clear and systematic policy, and lack of environmental awareness. Th Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies (CSERS) has given attention to this technology since its establishment in 1978, and the solar water heating system field test project is one of the research projects in the Center. Th paper has shown that there was no attention paid to this technology and even to renewable energy in general in the previous years. However, preliminary information clearly shows the importance of continuing research in this field. Numerous valuable information on solar water heating systems from the literature was dedicated and made available for researchers and decision-makers. The studies conducted in this fild for Libya are arranged in this review on the basis of the topic studied: performance evaluation, optimization, on-site measurements and policies and strategies. One of the most important results retrieved from these studies shows that the daily quantity of hot water withdrawn per capita at 45 °C is estimated at around 60 liters. The estimated annual amount of energy consumed for water heating per person is 510 kWh. For an average Libyan family of six persons, the annual amount of energy consumed per dwelling is estimated at about 3060 kWh. The review also presented the history of solar water heaters implementation, manufacturing, and testing facilities for quality control in Libya. The study calls upon the Libyan decision-makers to take their responsibility and put an urgent action plan to help the widespread implementation of solar water heaters in the residential, services, and industrial sectors. Such a plan will surely alleviate the ever-increasing demand for electricity, save fossil fuel reserves and mitigate GHG emissions.
Review on Solar Space Heating - Cooling in Libyan Residential Buildings
Authors: Tawil Ibrahim , Abeid Mukhtar , Abraheem Ezuldeen , Alghoul Samah , Dekam Elhadi
Published: January 2022

This review paper focuses on documenting and studying published papers and works in the field of solar heating and cooling air space in residential buildings. The goal of this survey and documentation is to find out the most important flushing results and conclusions specifically in the fields of using solar energy for space heating, cooling, and ventilation of local residential buildings in Libya. This covers using active and passive solar systems in, achieving thermal human comfort in such buildings leading to reduce electrical energy consumption. This paper also concentrates on applying energy efficiency measures in buildings; planning, design, and construction stages with the use of the principles of energy conservation in buildings. There are several studies comparing traditional with modern house designs in several local cities including both famous old cities of “Ghadames” and “Gharyan”. Several conclusions and recommendations are summarized within the text of this paper.
Thoretical Study for an Adsorption Refrigerator
Authors: Ramadan Abdulghani , Mufth Khairi , Omran Abdul-Gaffr , Aloud Saif-Eddin
Published: January 2022

Adsorption cooling technology is one of the effctive means to convert low grade thermal energy in to effctive cooling, which improves energy effiency and lowers environmental pollution. The main objective of this study is to investigate the thermal performance of an adsorption refrigerator theoretically.The working adsorbent/adsorbate pair used is Granular Activated Carbon, GAC/R134a pair. The effct of diffrent design parameters and operating conditions on the system performance is studied and interpreted. Some assumptions and approximations are also considered. A computer program is written using Matlab. Results show that the equilibrium adsorption capacity is highly affcted by the driving temperature and equilibrium pressure. Increasing equilibrium pressure leads to a corresponding increase in the equilibrium adsorption capacity whereas it is value is decreased as the driving temperature increases. Moreover, increasing the driving and evaporator temperatures raise the values of the Specifi Cooling Effct (SCE) and Coeffient of Performance (COP). The maximum values of SCE and COP are 60 KJ/kg and 0.4 corresponding to driving and evaporator temperatures of 100 oC and 20 oC respectively. However, increasing the condenser temperature leads to a remarked decrease in SCE and COP of the cooling system. SCE and COP values are 32 KJ/kg and 0.22 at driving and condenser temperatures of 100 oC and 40 oC respectively. When comparingthe present study results with literature, there is a good agreement in general. It is clear that the adsorption cooling system can be driven effctively by low grade heat sources such as, solar energy, waste heat energy, geothermal energy…etc.
Assessment of Wind Energy Potential In Zwara, Libya
Authors: Teyabeen Alhassan , Akkari Fathi , Jwaid Ali , Zaghwan Ashraf , Abodelah Rehab
Published: January 2022

To assess the wind energy potential at any site, the wind power density should be estimated; it evaluates the wind resource and indicates the amount of available wind energy. The purpose of this study is to estimate the monthly and annual wind power density based on the Weibull distribution using wind speed data collected in Zwara, Libya during 2007. The wind date are measured at the three hub heights of 10m, 30m, and 50m above ground level, and recorded every 10 minutes. The analysis showed that the annual average wind speed are 4.51, 5.86, 6.26 m/s for the respective mentioned heights. The average annual wind power densities at the mentioned heights were 113.71, 204.19, 243.48 , respectively.
Solar Air-Heated Humidifiation - Dehumidifiation Desalination Unit
Authors: Ramadan Abdulghani , Mufth Khairi , Al-Kelani Abdulfattah , Abdulmalek Ali , Essnid Akram , Sawed Abualqasem
Published: January 2022

A solar powered desalination unit which working on a humidifiation –dehumidifiation technique (HDH) is one of the most important techniques used in brackish and seawater desalination especially in remote and rural areas. In the present study, a test-rig was designed and constructed for conducting a set of experiments on a solar assisted desalination unit working on a HDH principle under the prevailing conditions of Tajoura-Libya. Experiments were carried out on specifid days in March, 2019 at the laboratories of Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies (CSERS) at Tajoura. Th effct of diffrent design parameters and operating conditions on the performance of the unit and its productivity is closely investigated and interpreted. Results show that the productivity of the HDH unit decreases by increasing the process air mass flw rate. A signifiant improvement in the productivity of the unit is noticed when the feed water mass flw rate to the humidifir is increased. Furthermore, initial water temperature inside the tank has a remarked effct on the productivity of the unit. In order to obtain a reasonable amount of fresh water, the temperature of the water inside the tank should be increased. Increasing the cooling water mass flw rate to the dehumidifir leads to a corresponding decrease in the surface temperature of the cooling coil and hence the productivity of the unit is improved. Th Productivity of the unit is varying from its lower value of (0.903 kg/m2.day) to a higher value of (6.47 kg/m2.day). Thse values are obtained for one meter square of solar air heater area. Gained Output Ratio (GOR) values range from a minimum of (0.082) to a maximum of (0.572). It is reasonable when compared to ones in literature for the water-heated HDH units.
Hazard and Economical Evaluation for a Hydrogen Fuel Station
Authors: Fawzi Mohammed , Hamad Tarek , Azouz AL-Hassan
Published: January 2022

Many developed countries around the world are currently competing to fid low-cost, sustainable and clean energy sources. To replace conventional energy sources such as (oil, coal, etc.) for several reasons. mainly, because of the negative environmental impact of the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission problem. Also, these resources will deplete soon. As a result, seeking for a better replacement of fossil fuels either by converting to electric vehicles or by using other possible renewable energy sources with low (GHG) emissions is essential. Hydrogen is one of the primary potential future alternatives of current automotive petroleumrelated due to its high mass-energy ratio and abundance since it can be obtained from a broad spectrum of sources and by various techniques, such as anaerobic digestion from organic materials, rendering it a prospective target for safe and renewable energy. Hydrogen fuel stations are predicted to have a signifiant impact on the implementation of hydrogen as a fuel substitution on the worldwide fuel market, especially for heavy transportation. Th primary objective of this innovative station branch is not only to promote the idea of hydrogen fuel on the vehicle fuelling industry but also to enhance the advancement of hydrogen fuel facilitieswhile minimizing the danger to the investor. Thre are, though, some areas that need to be investigated with such drop-in facilities as storage and delivery mechanisms which this study covers. Th key idea of such a system is to provide a safe, affrdable and accessible car fuel source equivalent to conventional vehicle fuel on the industry, whether it is renewable. Th primary goal of this research is to develop a secure, flxible and environmentally friendly hydrogen fueling facility, this design is regarded to be cost-effient compared to other designs by at least 48 percent. Furthermore, this design showed encouraging signs concerning safety procedures and hazard evaluation where is ranked 6.8 on average out of 25 in the FMEA review assuring it’s safe further
Performance Parameters of Direct Coupling Advanced Alkaline Electrolysis and PEMFC System
Authors: Ahmed Hamza , Musa Abdullatif
Published: January 2022

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is regarded as the most competitive candidate to replace the traditional forms of power conversion due to its prominent advantages. Th hydrogen gas is used as a main fuel in the fuel cells. Th hydrogen gas can be produced through the use of solar energy which is connected to alkaline electrolysis cell (AEC) by water splitting process known as electrolysis. In this paper, a thermodynamic model is presented to design and optimize a direct coupling system (DCS) that has twocells, an alkaline electrolysis cell (AEC) and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Moreover, the performances of the direct coupling system (DCS) are evaluated using numerical model that are built in Engineering Equations solver softare. So several parameters concerning the direct coupling system (DCS) such as the voltage of system, the hydrogen rate production from electrolysis which injects to fuel cell and producing power of the full system. Th simulations result show that, the voltage of alkaline electrolysis is higher than the fuel cell. Th water management process in the whole system is considered satisfactory due tothe low value of the losses in the amount of water. Th water which is generated from the fuel cell is injected to electrolysis cell, so the electrolysis cell does not need to inject large quantities of water. Th effiency of the system is about 34.85% and this effiency is satisfactory compared to other systems of power generation as this percentage is due to clean, renewable and environmentally friendly fuel.
Experimental Investigation of the Thrmal Performance of a Solar Air Heater
Authors: Ramadan Abdulghani , Mufth Khairi , Al-Naaji Abdul-Rahman , Al-Soul Abdul-Baset , Essnid Akram , Sawed Bualqasem , Sawed Bualqasem
Published: January 2022

Solar air heaters are widely used in many low temperature applications such as space heating, crops drying, desalination..etc. It collects solar radiant energy and transforms it into heat through a flid (air) flwing inside the system. Th outside cold air is heated through the system and delivered to the required application. It is simple, economic and clean. In this study, an experimental investigation is carried out using a test-rig installed at the laboratories facility for Center of Solar Energy Research and Studies (CSERS) in Tajoura-Libya equipped with all necessary measuring instruments and devices. Th aim of this study is to investigate the effct of process air mass flw rate on the thermal performance of a solar air heater working at diffrent operating conditions under the prevailing conditions of Tajoura-Libya. Experiments were conducted on specifid days in August 2019, October 2019 and January, 2020.Results show that there is a noticeable increase in the air temperatures of the solar air heater as incident solar radiation values increase during the day time, especially at aftrnoon. Th maximum average outlet air temperature measured reaches 60 oC which is suitable for space heating and crops drying applications. Useful heat energy collected is directly proportional to the incident solar radiation. Increasing air mass flw rates leads to a corresponding decrease in the temperature at diffrent locations in the solar air heater. Furthermore, the average thermal effiency values of the solar air heater range from 35% to 65%. Average overall heat losscoeffient values tend to decrease with the day time. Finally, the present study results coincide with literature and show a good agreement.
Experimental study on the evolution of droplets size distribution during the fog life cycle
Authors: Mazoyer Marie , Burnet Fréderic , Denjean Cyrielle
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The evolution of the droplet size distribution (DSD) during fog life cycle remains poorly understood and progress is required to reduce the uncertainty of fog forecasts. To gain insights into the physical processes driving the microphysical properties, intensive field campaigns were conducted during the winters of 2010–2013 at the Instrumented Site for Atmospheric Remote Sensing Research (SIRTA) in a semi-urban environment southwest of Paris city center to monitor the simultaneous variations in droplet microphysical properties and their potential interactions at the different evolutionary stages of the fog events. Liquid water content (LWC), fog droplet number concentration (Nd) and effective diameter (Def f) show large variations among the 42 fog events observed during the campaign and for individual events. Our results indicate that the variability of these parameters results from the interaction between microphysical, dynamical and radiative processes. During the formation and development phases, activation of aerosols into fog droplets and condensational growth were the dominant processes. When vertical development of radiation fogs occurred under the influence of increasing wind speed and subsequent turbulent motion, additional condensational growth of fog droplets was observed. DSDs with one mode (around 11 μm) and two modes (around 11 and 22 μm) were observed during the field campaign. During the development phase of fogs with two droplet size modes, a mass transfer occurred from the smaller droplets into the larger ones through collision-coalescence or Ostwald ripening processes. During the mature phase, evaporation due to surface warming induced by infrared radiation emitted by fog was the dominant process. Additional droplet removal through sedimentation is observed during this phase for fog with two droplet size modes. Because of differences in the physical processes involved, the relationship between LWC and Nd is largely driven by the droplet size distribution. Although a positive relationship is found in most of the events due to continuous activation of aerosol into fog droplets, LWC vary at constant Nd in fog with large Def f  (> 17 μm) due to additional collision-coalescence and Ostwald ripening processes. This work illustrates the need to accurately estimate the supersaturation for simulating the continuous activation of aerosols into droplets during the fog life cycle and to include advanced parameterizations of relevant microphysical processes such as collision-coalescence and Ostwald ripening processes, among others, in numerical models.
Influence of emission size distribution and nucleation on number concentrations over Greater Paris
Authors: Sartelet Karine , Kim Youngseob , Couvidat Florian , Merkel Maik , Petäjä Tuukka , Sciare Jean , Wiedensohler Alfred
Published: January 2022

Abstract. With the growing evidence that high particle number concentrations may impact health, modelling their emissions and understanding formation processes is necessary, especially in cities where many people are exposed. As emission inventories of particle numbers and size distribution over cities are usually not available, a methodology is defined to estimate them from PM2.5 emissions, ratios PM1/PM2.5 and PM0.1/PM2.5 by activity sector. In this methodology, a fitting parameter is used to redistribute the number concentrations in the lowest emission diameter range. This parameter is chosen by comparing measured and simulated number concentrations during non-nucleation days. The emission size distribution is then finely discretised by conserving both mass and number in each of the size ranges where emissions are specified. The methodology is applied over Greater Paris during the MEGAPOLI campaign (July 2009). Three-dimensional simulations are performed using the chemistry-transport model Polair3D/Polyphemus coupled to the aerosol module SSH-aerosol to represent the evolution of particles by condensation/evaporation, coagulation and nucleation, with a sectional approach for the size distribution. The model is first compared to measurements during non-nucleation days, and the influence over the month of July 2009 of three different nucleation parameterisations is assessed: a binary (sulfuric acid, water), ternary (sulfuric acid, ammonia, water) and heteromolecular (extremely-low volatile organic compounds (ELVOC) from monoterpenes and sulfuric acid). The modelled number concentrations compare very well to measurements with an average normalised mean error of 42 % for the daily number concentrations of particles larger than 10 nm, and 37 % for the number concentrations of particles larger than 100 nm. The influence of the binary nucleation is low, and the ternary nucleation scheme leads to better simulated number concentrations (in terms of bias and error) at only one site out of three, but it systematically reduces the model to measurement correlation, suggesting that ternary nucleation may not be the dominant process in new particle formation. However, the relative bias and error, as well as the correlation at suburban sites, are systematically improved using the heteromolecular nucleation scheme involving sulfuric acid and ELVOC from monoterpenes. This suggests that heteromolecular nucleation may be important in cities, especially at suburban sites in summer, and that a better characterisation of the emissions of ELVOC precursors from traffic is needed.
Opportunistic experiments to constrain aerosol effective radiative forcing
Authors: Christensen Matthew W. , Gettelman Andrew , Cermak Jan , Dagan Guy , Diamond Michael , Douglas Alyson , Feingold Graham , Glassmeier Franziska , Goren Tom , Grosvenor Daniel P. , Gryspeerdt Edward , Kahn Ralph , Li Zhanqing , Ma Po-Lun , Malavelle Florent , McCoy Isabel L. , McCoy Daniel T. , McFarquhar Greg , Mülmenstädt Johannes , Pal Sandip , Possner Anna , Povey Adam , Quaas Johannes , Rosenfeld Daniel , Schmidt Anja , Schrödner Roland , Sorooshian Armin , Stier Philip , Toll Velle , Watson-Parris Duncan , Wood Robert , Yang Mingxi , Yuan Tianle
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Aerosol–cloud interactions (ACIs) are considered to be the most uncertain
driver of present-day radiative forcing due to human activities. The
nonlinearity of cloud-state changes to aerosol perturbations make it
challenging to attribute causality in observed relationships of aerosol
radiative forcing. Using correlations to infer causality can be challenging
when meteorological variability also drives both aerosol and cloud changes
independently. Natural and anthropogenic aerosol perturbations from well-defined sources provide “opportunistic experiments” (also known as natural experiments) to investigate ACI in cases where causality may be more confidently inferred. These perturbations cover a wide range of locations and spatiotemporal scales, including point sources such as volcanic eruptions or industrial sources, plumes from biomass burning or forest fires, and tracks from individual ships or shipping corridors. We review the different experimental conditions and conduct a synthesis of the available satellite datasets and field campaigns to place these opportunistic experiments on a common footing, facilitating new insights and a clearer understanding of key uncertainties in aerosol radiative forcing. Cloud albedo perturbations are strongly sensitive to background meteorological conditions. Strong liquid water path increases due to aerosol perturbations are largely ruled out by averaging across experiments. Opportunistic experiments have significantly improved process-level understanding of ACI, but it remains unclear how reliably the relationships found can be scaled to the global level, thus demonstrating a need for deeper investigation in order to improve assessments of aerosol radiative forcing and climate change.
Cloud properties over the Southern Ocean during the MARCUS field campaign
Authors: Xi Baike , Dong Xiquan , Zheng Xiaojian , Wu Peng
Published: January 2022

Abstract. To investigate the cloud properties over the Southern Ocean (SO), the MARCUS field campaign (41 to 69º S; 60 to 160º E) was conducted from October 2017 to March 2018, using ship-based measurements. To examine cloud properties over the mid-latitude and Polar regions, the study domain is separated into northern (NSO) and southern (SSO) parts of the SO with a demarcation line of 60° S. The total cloud fractions (CFs) were 77.9 %, 67.6 %, and 90.3 % for the entire domain, NSO and SSO, respectively, indicating that higher CFs were observed in the Polar region. Low-level clouds, deep cumulus, and shallow cumulus clouds are the three most common cloud types over the SO. For single-layered low-level clouds, mixed-phase clouds dominate with an occurrence frequency (Freq) of 54.5 %, while the Freq of the liquid and ice clouds were 10.1 % (most drizzling) and 17.4 % (least drizzling). The meridional distributions of low-level cloud boundaries are nearly independent of latitude, whereas the cloud temperatures increased ~ 8 K and atmospheric precipitable water vapor increased from ~5 mm at 69º S to ~18 mm at 43º S. The mean cloud liquid water paths over NSO were much larger than those over SSO. Most liquid clouds occurred over NSO with very few over SSO, whereas more mixed-phase clouds occurred over SSO than over NSO. There were no significant differences for ice cloud Freq between NSO and SSO. These results will be valuable for advancing our understanding of the meridional and vertical distributions of clouds and can be used to improve model simulations over the SO.
HESS Opinions: Participatory Digital Earth Twin Hydrology systems (DARTHs) for everyone: a blueprint for hydrologists
Authors: Rigon Riccardo , Formetta Giuseppe , Bancheri Marialaura , Tubini Niccolò , D'Amato Concetta , David Olaf , Massari Christian
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The Digital Earth (DE) metaphor is very useful for both end users and for hydrological modellers (i.e., the coders). However, in literature it can promote the erroneous view of models as a commodity, that is a basic good used in commerce that is interchangeable with other goods of the same type, without any warning about the fact that some models work better than others, some models just work while others can be simply wrong. These distinctions are at the core of doing good science. This opinion contribution, on the one hand, tries to accept the challenge of adopting models as commodities but, on the other, it wants to show that this acceptance comes with some consequences as to how models must be structured. We analyse different categories of models, with the view of making them part of a Digital eARth Twin Hydrology system (called DARTH). We also stress the idea that DARTHs are not models in and of themselves, rather they need to be built on an appropriate infrastructure that provides some basic services for connection to input data and allows for a modelling-by-components strategy, which, we argue, is the right one for accomplishing the requirements of the DE. The urgency for DARTHs to be Open Source and well written pieces of codes is discussed here in light of the Open Science movement and its ideas. The need to tie predictions to an estimated confidence interval is also supported. Finally, it is argued that DARTHs must promote a new participatory way of doing hydrological science, where researchers can contribute cooperatively to characterize and control model outcomes in various territories. Furthermore, this has consequences for the engineering of the systems.
Climate-induced storminess forces major increases in future storm surge hazard in the South China Sea region
Authors: Wood Melissa , Haigh Ivan D. , Le Quan Quan , Nguyen Hung Nghia , Tran Hoang Ba , Darby Stephen E. , Marsh Robert , Skliris Nikolaos , Hirschi Joël J.-M. , Nicholls Robert J. , Bloemendaal Nadia
Published: January 2022

Abstract. It is vital to robustly estimate the risks posed by extreme sea levels, especially in tropical regions where cyclones can generate large storm surges and observations are too limited in time and space to deliver reliable analyses. To address this limitation for the South China Sea region, we force a hydrodynamic model with a new synthetic database representing 10,000 years of past/present and future tropical cyclone activity, to investigate climate change impacts on extreme sea levels forced by storm surges (± tides). We show that, as stronger and more numerous tropical cyclones likely pass through this region over the next 30 years, both the spatial extent and severity of storm surge hazard increases. While extreme storm surge events in this location become generally a more frequent occurrence in the future, larger storm surges around Vietnam and China coastlines are projected to regionally amplify this hazard. This threatens low-lying, densely-populated areas such as the Red and Mekong River deltas, while sections of the Cambodian and Thai coastline face previously unseen storm surge hazards. These future hazards strongly signal that coastal flood management and adaptation in these areas should be reviewed for their resilience against future extreme sea levels.
Bayesian hierarchical modeling of sea level extremes in the Finnish coastal region
Authors: Räty Olle , Laine Marko , Leijala Ulpu , Särkkä Jani , Johansson Milla M.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Occurrence probabilities of extreme sea levels required in coastal planning, e.g. for calculating design floods, have been traditionally estimated individually at each tide gauge location. However, these estimates include uncertainties, as sea level observations typically have only a small number of extreme cases such as annual maxima. Moreover, exact information on sea level extremes between the tide gauge locations and incorporation of dependencies between the adjacent stations is often lacking in the analysis. In this study, we use Bayesian hierarchical modeling to estimate return levels of annual maxima of short-term sea level variations related to storm surges in the Finnish coastal region. We use the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution as the basis and compare three hierarchical model structures of different complexity against tide gauge specific fits. The hierarchical model structures allow to share information on annual maximum sea levels between the neighboring stations and also provide a natural way to estimate uncertainties in the theoretical estimates. The results show that, compared to the tide gauge specific fits, the hierarchical models, which pool information across the stations, provide narrower uncertainty ranges both for the posterior parameter estimates and for the corresponding return levels on most of the tide gauges. The estimated shape parameter of the GEV model is systematically negative for the hierarchical models, which indicates a Weibull-type of behavior for the extremes along the Finnish coast. This also suggests that the hierarchical models can be used to estimate theoretical upper limits of the extremes of short-term sea level variations along the Finnish coast. Depending on the tide gauge and hierarchical model considered, the median value of the theoretical upper limit was 47–73 cm higher than the highest observed sea level.
Comparative characteristics of local anesthetics in brachial plexus block for surgery in dogs
Authors: Voronova M. O. , Vatnikov Y. A.
Published: January 2022

The objective of this study was to compare three different local anesthetics in terms of duration and effectiveness of block development in brachial plexus block for osteosynthesis of radius with plate in dogs. The blockade was received a electroneurostimulation-guided Stimuplex HNS 12 with SENSe function by B. Brown for all group. 15 dogs of smallest breeds were divided into three random groups: in the first, 2% lidocaine solution was used as anesthesia; in the second bupivacaine 0.5%, in the third ropivacaine 0.5%. The time to development and the duration of the local block were assessed with a pinch method in several areas. The fastest development of a complete limb block was observed in group 1, which took an average of 7-10 minutes. The development of a complete block in the 2nd group exceeded three times, and in the 3rd - twice, the anesthetic indicators of the 1st group. All patients from group 1 were immediately injected with analgesics after surgery to relieve postoperative pain. The duration of the blockade of the third group was significantly shorter than in the second group, however, the motor block in the second group was significantly longer than in the 3rd group, patients experienced pain, but the motor function of the distal limb has not yet recovered. Thus, ropivacaine, by its properties, is the drug of choice for brachial plexus blockade for periosteal osteosynthesis of the forelimb in dogs and can be used for surgeries longer than 80 minutes.
Subclinical ketosis as a factor reduction of reproductive indicators of high productive cows
Authors: Shiryaev G. V.
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The aim of the research is to study the effect of subclinical ketosis (SCK) on the effectiveness of artificial insemination of highly productive dairy cows in the postpartum period.

Materials and methods. The studied animals were selected according to the principle of conditional analogs and were divided into 2 groups of 6 animals each. Group 1 - animals with a blood concentration of 3- hydroxybutyrate˂ 1.0 mmol / l, group 2 - animals with subclinical ketosis with a concentration of 3-hydroxybutyrate in the blood in the range of 1.0-1.4 mmol / l. Blood was collected from animals on the 5th, 15th and 33-35th days after calving. In the obtained blood serum samples, the content of total protein, albumin, urea, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, creatinine, total bilirubin, the activity of transaminase enzymes and alkaline phosphatase was determined. The concentration of steroid hormones has been determined. Before artificial insemination, the animals were synchronized according to the pressinovsinh scheme.

Results. Most of the biochemical blood parameters did not go beyond the reference values. By the time of hormonal stimulation of sexual heat in cows with SCK, a decrease in 3-hydroxybutyrate (˂ 1,0 mmol / l) and an increase in glucose (> 3.0 mmol / l) were recorded. On the 15th day after calving, in the group with SCK, there was an increase in total bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and magnesium (p˂ 0,01). On the 15th day after calving, testosterone levels were 13% higher in the SCK group. By the time of synchronization, the level of progesterone in the group of animals with SCK was lower in comparison with the control group. In the group of animals with SCK, the lowest reproductive indices were recorded: the insemination index in the group with SSC was higher by 46%, the service period was 49 days longer, the interbody period was significantly longer by 68 days (p˂ 0,05).

Conclusion. Subclinical ketosis, recorded on the 15th day after calving, helps to reduce the reproductive performance of high -yielding dairy cows. Normalization of the concentration of 3-hydroxybutyrate from subclinical to physiologically normal values, and subsequent hormonal synchronization do not reduce this negative effect of SCK.
Assessment of morphological changes in internal organs in the treatment of Aleutian mink disease with Alloferon
Authors: Sukhinin A. A. , Gumberidze M. M. , Gusev V. I. , Evsegneeva I. V. , Nikonov B. A. , Becker G. P.
Published: January 2022

Nowdays, viral plasmocytosis of mink is widespread all over the world, due to the lack of effective treatments. A key role in the outcome of the disease is often played by kidney damage associated with the development of glomerulonephritis as a result of hypergammaglobulinemia. It is for this reason that the problem of finding a remedy for the treatment and prevention of Aleutian mink disease becomes urgent. The studies were carried out on mink of the sapphire breed at the age of 30 to 40 days in patients with viral plasmocytosis, confirmed by molecular genetic analysis. The experimental and control groups consisted of 20 animals each. The minks of the experimental group were injected subcutaneously twice with an interval of 6 days with alloferon at a dose of 0.5 mg per head, and the minks of the control group were injected with saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) in the same volume and multiplicity. During the study, records of fallen minks were kept. At the end of the experiment, histological studies of internal organs were carried out. The conducted experience showed that the use of alloferon led to a reduction in mortality, as well as a several-fold decrease in the intensity of plasmocytic infiltration of organs and tissues in experimental minks.
Effect of mitophen on hematological leukocyte indices of broiler chickens
Authors: Ryabtsev P. S.
Published: January 2022

Hematological leukocyte indices provide additional information about intoxication and the state of the immune response and become an alternative to determine a number of immuno-biochemical parameters. The aim of the work is to study the effect of the antioxidant mitophen on the leukocyte indices of blood that characterize the nonspecific reactivity of the organism of broiler chickens. The chickens of the I and III experimental groups were given mitophen daily from the daily age at the rate of 25 and 50 g/t of feed for a month, the II and IV-25 and 50 g/t of feed only in the first and third weeks of the experiment. The control group received the main diet without the drug. The leukocyte indices were determined mathematically by the leukogram. It was found that the use of mitophen significantly increases the index: of shift of blood leukocytes, of the ratio of eosinophils and lymphocytes, and lowers the index of the ratio of lymphocytes and eosinophils, which indicates the positive effect of the drug on the granulocytopoiesis and nonspecific resistance of broiler chickens. At the same time, the use of mitophen significantly reduces index: of immunoreactivity, of the ratio of lymphocytes to monocytes, and pseudoeosinophils to monocytes, which characterizes the positive effect of the antioxidant on monocytopoiesis and nonspecific cellular immunity of the bird body due to monocytes.
Identification of salmon caviar using PCR-RV
Authors: Kalyuzhnaya T. V. , Orlova D. A. , Rodak G. N.
Published: January 2022

To date, there are many ways to detect the falsification of caviar. These include organoleptic and laboratory research methods. However, when adding counterfeit in the amount of up to 25% of the total weight of the product, it is quite difficult to establish the fact of falsification. That is why in veterinary and sanitary practice, polymerase chain reaction is increasingly resorted to. The purpose of the research was to identify the species of salmon fish eggs using polymerase chain reaction with real-time observation (PCR-RV). Identification was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the eggs were homogenized with subsequent DNA extraction by the adsorption method using a set of "Sorb-GMO-A" (Syntol, Russia). At the second stage, PCR-RV was performed on the Rotor-Gene Q amplifier (Qiagen, Germany) using the Pink Salmon/Chum Salmon/ Sockeye Salmon (Syntol, Russia) and Salmon/Trout test systems/Kizuch" (Organic Test, Russia). The results were evaluated by the kinetic growth curve of the fluorescence signal depending on the DNA present in the studied caviar and the threshold cycle value Ct ≤. 35.

The existing organoleptic and physicochemical methods of veterinary and sanitary examination of caviar make it possible to determine its quality and safety. It is extremely difficult to determine the species of caviar using these methods. Polymerase chain reaction is the most sensitive method for identifying the species of caviar and revealing the facts of its falsification.
Influence of fish farming on the chemical composition of Lake Veljo water in 2015-2021
Authors: Kaurova Z. G. , Petrova M. S. , Taymusova E. N.
Published: January 2022

Lake Velie is one of the largest reservoirs in the Novgorod region. It is part of the Valdai National Park and is located on the Valdai Moraine Ridge. However, environmental risks caused by pollution of the aquatic environment in areas where commercial aquaculture is grown, as well as the negative impact of fishery activities on the environment, can become an obstacle to further use of the lake water area for fishery purposes. Summarizing the data obtained, we can state the following: within a radius of 100 meters from the cages, the chemical composition of the water in the column is practically the same as in the central part of the lake.The dispersion of the introduced substance obtained, both empirically and experimentally, corresponds to 50 m. At a distance of 50 m from the cages, water quality class 3 (moderately polluted). However, in a 10-meter zone, the water acquires the characteristic contaminated. In this part of the studied water area, the normative indicators for the content of biogenic substances on the surface and at the bottom are exceeded, and in the near -bottom horizon the numerical indicators are slightly higher than at the surface. This is most likely due to the accumulation of excessively introduced artificial feeds in the bottom horizon. Even with a favorable temperature and oxygen regime of the reservoir, such a situation does not contribute to the cultivation of healthy marketable fish. And the lack of comprehensive monitoring studies may leave unnoticed the prerequisites for the deterioration of water quality in Lake Velje.
Radiation safety of food raw materials and food products
Authors: Gaponova V. N.
Published: January 2022

Intensive use of radioactive isotopes in industry, abnormal emissions of nuclear fission products into the environment gradually increase the level of natural background radiation. As a result, there is a problem of farming, the main producer of food for the population, raw materials for industry, associated with the control of the level of contamination of soil, water, and livestock products. It is necessary to constantly monitor the radiation situation, namely the content of cesium-137 in soil, water, as well as in animal products both in the North-Western region and in other subjects of the Russian Federation. Due care must be taken when organizing the feeding of productive animals (dairy cows, beef cattle in the final fattening period), whose products, without an additional processing stage, can be directed to consumption by the population.
Study of thyroid status in newly calved cows with disorder of liver functio
Authors: Vasilieva S. V. , Karpenko L. Yu.
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of a study of thyroid hormones - total triiodothyronine, total and free thyroxine in fresh cows at different ranges of bilirubin concentration in the blood. It was found that with an increase in the level of bilirubin, the functional activity of the thyroid gland decreases according to the principle of inverse relationship. It was found that the most sensitive marker to an increase in bilirubin is total T4. With a mild and moderate degree of hyperbilirubinemia, the level of this hormone decreases by 36.7-39.2%, with a pronounced increase in bilirubin in the blood, thyroxine decreases 3.6 times. With a slight increase in bilirubin in the blood, the level of T3 and fT4 decreases by 4.4-5.6%. With a more pronounced dysfunction of the liver, the degree of decrease in these hormones is much greater and is reliable. So, the concentration of T3 in groups decreases by 20.5-23.0%, and fT4 - by 33.4-40.0%. A decrease in the content of thyroid hormones in the blood against the background of hepatopathy is explained by a slowdown in all metabolic processes due to a decrease in the functional activity of the liver. The reason for the hypofunction of the thyroid gland is the lack of the need for the amount of hormones that is produced in the body of a healthy animal. Against the background of hepatopathy, the homeostasis of triiodothyronine, as the most important metabolically active thyroid hormone, is maximally maintained. At the same time, a decrease in the rate of catabolism of hormones in the liver does not contribute to a change in their concentration in the blood, since the half-life of T4 is much higher than T3, therefore it is the decrease in the rate of their synthesis in the gland and secretion into the blood that matters.
Anatomical and topographic features of the structure of the ulnar nerve of the white swiss shepherd
Authors: Khvatov V. A. , Shchipakin M. V. , Bylinskaya D. S. , Stratonov A. S.
Published: January 2022

Currently, in veterinary morphology, special attention is paid to the study of the peripheral nervous system in companion animals in species and breed aspects. Dogs of the White Swiss Shepherd breed are especially valued in breeding for their conformation and watchdog qualities, and to this day they are a breed of dogs about whose anatomy there is not enough information. The purpose of our study is to study the anatomical and topographic features of the structure of the ulnar nerve in the White Swiss Shepherd Dog. The studies were carried out on the basis of the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. The corpses of dogs of the White Swiss Shepherd breed aged from two to four years served as dated material. In total, ten corpses were examined, weighing 39.5 ± 1.0 kg. As a result of the study, it was found that in White Swiss Shepherd dogs, the ulnar nerve and its branches in the White Swiss Shepherd Dog participate in the innervation of the zeigo and autopodia, passing mainly along the medial surface of the forearm. Also, during the study, the morphometric indicators of the ulnar nerve and its branches were established.
Veterinary and sanitary control of cattle semen production in Russian Federation
Authors: Yatsentyuk S. I. , Borunova S. M. , Agrinskaya E. P. , Patrusheva K. V. , Kuchina A. R. , Borunov A. V. , Filonova A. D. , Alekseenko A. A.
Published: January 2022

The article reflects the main results of the study of veterinary and sanitary welfare of breeding products based on the use of molecular genetic, bacteriological methods. It has been established that genetic material is the subject of active international trade. The leader in the number of sperm doses imported into the territory of the Russian Federation in 2019 - 2020 is the United States.The article provides an overview of modern measures aimed at minimizing the spread of bacteria, as well as fragmentarily presents the results of research work and the imperfection of the regulatory framework for the control of breeding products. At the same time, the direction in terms of regulatory and legal regulation is emphasized and justified, which corresponds to the priority goals of state policy both within the framework of the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation, and in the field of ensuring biological safety to minimize biological risks associated with the introduction of rare or previously not found on the territory Of the Russian Federation of infectious diseases, spontaneous infection with infectious agents, entailing the emergence of obstetric-gynecological, andrological diseases and their spread during artificial insemination.The article is devoted to the actual problem today, the purpose of which is to amend the provisions of regulatory legal acts to ensure the biological safety of breeding products.
RESPONS PETANI TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN PUPUK HAYATI PETROBIO TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF TANAMAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Atika Atika , Syaifuddin Syaifuddin , Kaharuddin Kaharuddin
Published: January 2022

Produktivitas kacang tanah di Indonesia masih sangat rendah, hanya sekitar 1 ton/ha polong kering, sedangkan kebutuhan ke depan diperkirakan terus meningkat, seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana efektivitas pemberian pupuk hayati petrobio terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman kacang tanah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Samata, Kecamatan Somba Opu, Kabupaten Gowa.  Penelitian ini diawali dengan kajian teknis disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) terdiri dari 4 perlakuan, yaitu P0 (tanpa perlakuan), P1 (10 g/tanaman), P2 (20 g/tanaman) dan P3 (30 g/tanaman), dan masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali. Parameter pengamatan meliputi tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang primer. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan evaluasi penyuluhan untuk melihat respons petani (perubahan tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan) terhadap hasil kajian teknis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian beberapa dosis pupuk hayati petrobio terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman kacang tanah memberikan pengaruh yang tidak nyata. Pupuk hayati petrobio dengan dosis 10 g/tanaman memberikan hasil yang tertinggi, yaitu umur 2 MST (14.20 cm), 4 MST (21.33 cm), 6 MST (44.87 cm), 8 MST (60.40 cm), sedangkan pada jumlah cabang primer, dosis 30 g/tanaman memberikan hasil yang tertinggi, yaitu: umur 2 MST (17.67), 4 MST (18.00), 6 MST (11.33), dan 8 MST (11.67). Hasil evaluasi penyuluhan untuk tingkat pengetahuan meningkat dari 38,5% menjadi 60,92%, Sikap dari 46,62% menjadi 76,5% dan keterampilan dari 40,42% menjadi 70,82%, dengan efektivitas penyuluhan berada pada kategori cukup efektif untuk pengetahuan, dan efektif untuk sikap dan keterampilan.