bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NON-TRADITIONAL RELIGIOSITY IN THE POLITICAL SPACE OF THE MODERN WORLD
Authors: Семенова Валерия Игоревна
Published: August 2020

В данной статье автором рассматриваются особенности восприятия и понимания нетрадиционной религиозности, возможности диалога традиционных и нетрадиционных религий, перспективы их взаимоотношений, намечаются пути разрешения возможных конфликтов между ними. Особое внимание уделяется функционированию нетрадиционных религий в политическом пространстве, отношению к ним государства.

In this article, the author examines the peculiarities of perception and understanding of non-traditional religiosity, the possibility of dialogue between traditional and non-traditional religions, the prospects for their relationship, and outlines ways to resolve possible conflicts between them. Special attention is paid to the functioning of non-traditional religions in the political space and the attitude of the state to them.
HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF REPRESENTATIONS ABOUT PERSONAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF HUMAN AND CITIZEN
Authors: Нинциева Тамила Магомедовна
Published: August 2020

В настоящее время вопросы прав человека и равенства вновь начали широко обсуждаться, привлекая внимание всего общества. В данной статье рассматриваются отдельные этапы становления и развития представлений о личных правах и свободах человека и гражданина в различные исторические периоды.

currently, human rights and equality issues have again begun to be widely discussed, attracting the attention of the whole society. this article discusses the individual stages of the formation and development of ideas about personal rights and freedoms of man and citizen in various historical periods.
INTEGRATED COMPANY REPORTING - ESSENCE AND FEATURES
Authors: Дахаева Фатима Дикалитовна
Published: August 2020

В статье обозначаются основные аспекты интегрированной отчётности, подчеркивается ее немаловажная роль в деле формирования положительного имиджа компании, выделяются принципы, которыми руководствуются при подготовке и презентации интегрированного отчета.

The article outlines the main aspects of integrated reporting, emphasizes its important role in the formation of a positive image of the company, highlights the principles that guide the preparation and presentation of the integrated report.
STATE CONTROL OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIGHTS AND LEGAL INTERESTS OF CHILDREN PASSED IN THE PROCEDURE OF INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION
Authors: Попанова Аниса Асламбековна
Published: August 2020

В данной статье автором проанализированы особенности осуществления государственного контроля за соблюдением прав и законных интересов детей, прошедших процедуру международного усыновления, сроки и стадии, а также предложены отдельные идеи по улучшению данного механизма.

In this article, the author analyzes the features of state control over the observance of the rights and legitimate interests of children who have passed the procedure of international adoption, the timing and stages, and also suggests some ideas for improving this mechanism.
PROBLEM ASPECTS OF IMPOSSIBILITY OF CANCELING INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION
Authors: Попанова Аниса Асламбековна
Published: August 2020

В статье рассматриваются проблемы отмены международного усыновления, защиты интересов ребенка, находящегося в усыновленной семье за пределами России.

The article discusses the problems of canceling international adoption, protecting the interests of a child who is in an adopted family outside of Russia.
HISTORY OF THE APPEARANCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE INSTITUTION OF ADOPTION
Authors: Попанова Аниса Асламбековна
Published: August 2020

В статье рассматриваются отдельные исторические этапы развития института усыновления как в России, так и за рубежом. Дается характеристика основным законодательным актам, оказавшим наибольшее влияние на развитие данного института.

The article discusses individual historical stages in the development of the adoption institution both in Russia and abroad. The characteristic is given to the main legislative acts that have had the greatest impact on the development of this institution.
CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY OF PEDAGOGICAL WORKERS FOR IMPROPER EXECUTION OF PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
Authors: Ганаева Есита Эминовна
Published: August 2020

В статье рассматриваются вопросы уголовной ответственности педагогических работников за ненадлежащее исполнение профессиональных обязанностей, признаки состава преступления по данной категории дел, проблемы правоприменения.

The article discusses the criminal liability of teachers for improper performance of professional duties, signs of corpus delicti in this category of cases, problems of law enforcement.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE INTANGIBLE RESPONSIBILITY OF STATES: CONCEPT, SUMMARY, FORMS
Authors: Умарова Амала Алиевна
Published: August 2020

Особое место в изучении вопроса международной ответственности отводится видам и формам международной ответственности государств. Значение их обусловлено тем, что они и отражают юридические последствия, применяемые в отношении государств, совершивших международное правонарушение.

A special place in the study of the issue of international responsibility is given to the types and forms of international responsibility of states. Their significance is due to the fact that they reflect the legal consequences applicable to states that have committed an international offense.
TYPES OF CARE IN THE CONTEXT OF EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE
Authors: Володин Владимир Владимирович
Published: August 2020

На основе анализа исследований по проблеме определения видов заботы, автором предлагается классификация видов заботы по характеру мотивов заботящегося; направленности осуществления; степени соответствия актуальным потребностям; степени её интенсивности. Рассмотрено место заботы в практике образования.

Based on the analysis of research on the problem of determining the types of care, the author offers a classification of types of care by the nature of the motives of the caregiver; the direction of implementation; the degree of compliance with current needs; the degree of its intensity. The place of care in the practice of education is considered.
CRIMINAL LEGAL EVALUATION OF THE STATE OF DRAWING AT A CRIME
Authors: Яхьяева Мархат Увайсовна
Published: August 2020

В уголовном праве отдельное значение при определении субъективной стороны преступления имеет определение психического состояния лица при совершении противоправного деяния. В статье содержится анализ вопросов уголовной ответственности лица, совершившего преступление в состоянии опьянения.

In criminal law, of particular importance in determining the subjective side of a crime is the determination of the mental state of a person when committing an unlawful act. The article contains an analysis of the criminal liability of the person who committed the crime while intoxicated.
ALLELOPATHIC CHANGES OF FAGUS ORIENTALIS L. UNDER INFLUENCE OF RECREATION
Authors: Щербина Виталий Георгиевич
Published: August 2020

Проводится оценка изменений аллелопатической составляющей фитогенного поля бука восточного под воздействием рекреационной нагрузки. Методом биотестов определено, что воздействие разовой предельно допустимой рекреационной нагрузки отражается на пространственном изменении величины аллелопатического влияния в зонах фитогенного поля.

Changes in the allelopathic component of the phytogenic field of the beech eastern under the influence of recreational load were estimated. Using the biotest method, it was found that the influence of a single maximum permissible recreational load affects the spatial change in the magnitude of the allelopathic effect in the zones of the phytogenic field.
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE KRASNODAR REGION IN 2017-2019
Authors: Землин Иван Александрович , Митропанова Марина Николаевна , Волобуев Владимир Викторович , Любомирская Елена Олеговна , Антониадис Спартак Шаликоевич
Published: August 2020

Анализ трехлетней деятельности отделения челюстно-лицевой хирургии выявил положительную динамику основных показателей работы подразделения. В структуре патологии челюстно-лицевой области преобладают опухоли (39,4%), воспалительные заболевания (33,0%), врожденные пороки развития (11,3%), травмы (11,0%).

The analysis of the three-year activity of the Department of maxillofacial surgery revealed a positive dynamics of the main indicators of the division. The structure of maxillofacial pathology is dominated by tumors (39.4%), inflammatory diseases (33.0%), congenital malformations (11.3%) and injuries (11.0%).
FORMATION OF MOTIVATION TO SPORTS ACTIVITIES AT DRUG-ADDICTED PERSONS
Authors: Барцалкина Виктория Васильевна , Шевякова Софья Игоревна
Published: August 2020

Физическая активность и спорт как равноправные инструменты терапевтического воздействия могут значительно увеличить эффективность реабилитационных программ для наркозависимых. В рамках биопсихосоциодуховной модели выздоровления представлены некоторые направления формирования у наркозависимых внутренней мотивации к систематическим занятиям физическими упражнениями и спортом.

Physical activity and sports as equal tools of therapeutic effect can significantly increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs for drug addicts. In the framework of the biopsychosociospiritual model of recovery, some directions of the formation of internal motivation for systematic physical exercises and sports in drug addicts are presented.
KINESIO TAPING: PROSPECTS OF APPLICATION IN DENTAL PRACTICE (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Терещенко Людмила Федоровна , Волобуев Владимир Викторович , Пономаренко Тарас Алексеевич , Антониадис Любовь Шаликоевна
Published: August 2020

В статье приведен анализ литературных данных об использовании методики кинзиологического тейпирования в стоматологической практике. Наиболее часто методика используется при болевом синдроме, а также при травмах и в послеоперационном периоде.

The article analyzes the literature data on the use of kinesio taping techniques in dental practice. The method is most often used for pain syndrome, as well as for injuries and in the postoperative period.
ACTUAL FORMS AND MODELS OF E-COMMERCE
Authors: Иванова Наталья Васильевна
Published: August 2020

В статье рассматриваются новые формы электронной коммерции, возникающие в результате трансформационных процессов в экономике под воздействием развития современных информационных технологий в рамках цифровой экономики.

The article discusses new forms of e-Commerce that arise as a result of transformational processes in the economy under the influence of modern information technologies development in the digital economy conditions.
LEXICAL MEANS OF EXPRESSING EVALUATION IN MODERN GERMAN JOURNALISTIC TEXTS
Authors: Матвеева Ирина Владимировна , Саможенов Сергей Николаевич , Зинцова Юлия Николаевна
Published: August 2020

Авторы публицистических текстов все чаще отходят от стандартизации речи и клишированности в пользу поиска новых экспрессивных средств выражения оценочности, которые требуют от читателя определенного количества фоновых знаний и разработанной языковой компетенции. В данной статье установлены лексические особенности использования оценочных средств в немецких публицистических текстах, выявлены их разновидности и сферы употребления.

Authors of journalistic texts are increasingly moving away from the standardization of speech and cliché in favor of searching for new expressive means of expressing evaluation, which require the reader to have a certain amount of background knowledge and developed language competence. In this article, the lexical features of the use of evaluation tools in German journalistic texts are established, their varieties and areas of use are identified.
MODERN AIRCRAFT ENGINE IS RELIABLE OR NOT
Authors: Никифоров Андрей Николаевич , Никифорова Татьяна Петровна
Published: August 2020

В работе с использованием открытых источников информации проведен обзор авиапроисшествий, связанных с отрывом в турбовентиляторном реактивном двигателе (ТВРД) лопатки(ок) или рабочего колеса. Констатируются факты внезапного разрушения высокоскоростных роторов вентилятора, компрессоров и турбин низкого/высокого давления.

The work reviews air accidents associated with the separation of blade(s) or impeller in the turbofan jet engine. Open sources of information are used. The facts on suddenly failures for high-speed rotors of fan, low/high pressure compressors and turbines are ascertained.
TO THE QUESTION OF PROBLEM PERIODS OF A PROFESSIONAL CAREER
Authors: Кузяшев Азат Нургалеевич , Тимиркаев Александр Эдуардович
Published: August 2020

В данной статье авторами исследованы проблемные периоды профессиональной карьеры, такие как - организационные конфликты, кризисы на предприятиях и текучесть кадров. Авторы считают, что любой организации внутренне присущи различные проблемные периоды, связанные с карьерой его сотрудников. Важной задачей для руководителей выступает выявление причин возникновения таких проблем и в скорейшее их разрешение.

In this article, the authors investigated the problematic periods of a professional career, such as organizational conflicts, enterprise crises, and staff turnover. The authors believe that any organization is inherent in various problem periods associated with the career of its employees. An important task for managers is to identify the causes of such problems and to resolve them as soon as possible.
QUALIFICATION OF CAPITAL INDICATORS OF REAL ESTATE OBJECTS
Authors: Журавлев Глеб Романович
Published: August 2020

В данном исследовании формулируются и классифицируются признаки капитальности объектов недвижимости, подлежащих государственному кадастровому учету и государственной регистрации права.

In this study, we formulate and classify the capital characteristics of real estate objects that are subject to state cadastral registration and state registration of rights.
THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SINOLOGY IN RUSSIA
Authors: Хе Син , Ли Сяотао
Published: August 2020

Исторически Россия и Китай всегда были рядом. В последнее время отношения между странами развиваются и выходят на новый, более высокий и качественный уровень, во что внесли большой вклад российские синологи. Исследование по истории российской синологии выгодно не только для культурных обменов и сотрудничества в различных областях, но и для долгосрочного, здорового и стабильного развития двух стран.

Historically, Russia and China have always been close. Recently, relationships between the two countries have been developing and reaching a new and higher level, to which Russian Sinologists have made a great contribution. The study on the history of Russian sinology is beneficial not only for cultural exchanges and cooperation in various fields, but also for the long-term, healthy and stable development of the two countries.
THE TACTICS OF ACCUSATION AS A MEANS OF EMOTIONAL MANIPULATION IN THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE ONLINE MASS MEDIA
Authors: Тенева Екатерина Веселиновна
Published: August 2020

Статья посвящена исследованию тактики обвинения, которая является одним из распространенных способов манипулятивного воздействия на аудиторию. В результате исследования доказано, что для реализации тактики обвинения авторы политического дискурса используют лексические средства с негативным оценочным значением, а также риторические приемы идентификации, самопрезентации или ссылки на авторитет.

The present article is devoted to the study of accusation tactics which is one of the most common ways of manipulating the audience. In order to implement the tactics of accusation the authors of political discourse use the words with a negative meaning as well as the rhetorical devices of identification, self-presentation or references to authority.
GAME ACTIVITY AS A WAY TO ENHANCE THE MENTAL ACTIVITY OF PRESCHOOLERS
Authors: Емельянова Елена Николаевна , Коровина Анна Сергеевна
Published: August 2020

Современные социально-экономические условия предъявляются повышенные требования к быстрой адаптации детей и их родственников к учебной деятельности в школе. Задами педагога является формирование заинтересованности ребенка к процессу обучения, мотивация его на проявления волевой регуляции в процессе усвоения учебного материала. Одним из способов активизации мыслительной деятельности и психологического настроя на усвоение учебного материала может служить игровая деятельность.

Modern socio-economic conditions have increased requirements for the rapid adaptation of children and their relatives to educational activities at school. The tasks of the teacher are to form the child’s interest in the learning process, motivate him to manifest volitional regulation in the process of learning the material. One of the ways to intensify mental activity and the psychological mood for the assimilation of educational material can be game activity.
RESEARCH OF ROUGHNESS OF COPPER SURFACE OF PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS AFTER CHEMICAL PROCESSING
Authors: Кирсанова Ольга Валерьевна
Published: August 2020

Экспериментально исследован травитель на основе азотной кислоты и железа азотнокислого со специальными добавками для удаления гальванического олова-свинца с поверхности печатных плат, создающий достаточную шероховатость поверхности меди.

An etchant based on nitric acid and ferric nitrate with special additives to remove galvanic tin-lead from the surface of printed circuit boards was experimentally studied, which creates a sufficient roughness of the surface of copper.
3D superconducting hollow nanowires with tailored diameters grown by focused He+ beam direct writing
Authors: Córdoba Rosa , Ibarra Alfonso , Mailly Dominique , Guillamón Isabel , Suderow Hermann , De Teresa José María
Published: August 2020

Currently, the patterning of innovative three-dimensional (3D) nano-objects is required for the development of future advanced electronic components. Helium ion microscopy in combination with a precursor gas can be used for direct writing of three-dimensional nanostructures with a precise control of their geometry, and a significantly higher aspect ratio than other additive manufacturing technologies. We report here on the deposition of 3D hollow tungsten carbide nanowires with tailored diameters by tuning two key growth parameters, namely current and dose of the ion beam. Our results show the control of geometry in 3D hollow nanowires, with outer and inner diameters ranging from 36 to 142 nm and from 5 to 28 nm, respectively; and lengths from 0.5 to 8.9 µm. Transmission electron microscopy experiments indicate that the nanowires have a microstructure of large grains with a crystalline structure compatible with the face-centered cubic WC1−x phase. In addition, 3D electron tomographic reconstructions show that the hollow center of the nanowires is present along the whole nanowire length. Moreover, these nanowires become superconducting at 6.8 K and show high values of critical magnetic field and critical current density. Consequently, these 3D nano-objects could be implemented as components in the next generation of electronics, such as nano-antennas and sensors, based on 3D superconducting architectures.
Engenharia Didática Profissional
Authors: Mayen Patrick , Olry Paul , Pastré Pierre , Alves (tradutor) Francisco Regis Vieira
Published: August 2020

A vertente francesa da Didática Profissional possui um campo de pesquisa em evolução e acúmulo de resultados decorrentes de pesquisas, desde sua emergência nos anos 90. Com fortes pressupostos assumidos por outros ramos de estudos, a Didática Profissional constitui um corpus teórico que permitiu a evolução da noção de Engenharia Didática Profissional, entendida como um design capaz de permitir a concepção e descrição de itinerários de formação profissional e o entendimento da complexa noção de competência profissional. Assim, o trabalho, ao descrever os elementos de uma Engenharia Didática Profissional, proporciona um viés sistemático para a pesquisa.
Palavras-chave: Didática profissional. Engenharia didática profissional. Análise do trabalho.
PRODUCTION OF CHERRY TOMATO CHIPS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Nomura Mirian , Silva Luan Soares da , Ventura Matheus Vinicius Abadia , Costa Estevam Matheus , Vilarinho Muriel Silva , Pereira Leandro Spíndola , Evangelista Régila Santos , Machado Louhanny Carvalho
Published: August 2020

The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of cherry tomatoes in protected environments composed of different photoselective screens. The work was conducted in June / July 2018. The treatments consist of different types of protected environments: open sky, black screen (mesh for 30% shade); white fabric (mesh for 20% shade); blue screen (mesh for 20% of shade) and red screen (mesh for 20% of shade). The experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates, ten plants per experimental plot. The following analyses were performed on cherry tomatoes: leaf number, stem diameter, shoot height, root length, total fresh matter, shoot fresh matter, fresh root matter, shoot dry matter, root, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The black shading, white photoselective, blue photoselective and red photoselective screens did not influence the number of leaves, stem diameter, shoot height, root length, total fresh matter, fresh shoot matter, aerial shoot dry matter, root dry matter, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The red photoselective screen showed superiority in the fresh matter of the root of the other treatments.
Nexus Between Industrial Policies and Entrepreneurial Development in North Eastern Region of Nigeria
Authors: Zoaka Joshua Dzankar , Ornan Waglati
Published: August 2020

Industrial policies has been viewed as one of the fundamental and the most significant factor in promoting the development of entrepreneurship in any economy. Therefore, this study is aimed at achieving the nexus between industrial policies and entrepreneurial development in Nigeria, with emphasis on some selected north eastern part of the country which consist of Adamawa state, Gombe state and Taraba state. Using a primary source of generating data and chi square, distributive and percentages methods of analysis were employed among others. From the findings however implies that there is positive response from quite number of respondent that some of the government industrial policies aid at improving entrepreneurial activities in the region if proper implementation is considered. The policy implications of the study suggests that the current industrial policies plays an important role in creating a modern way of setting up a standard business and there is greater motivation towards effectiveness on the recent industrial policies within the region
Influence of Work Culture, Work Environment and Discipline of Work Safety in Safety Employees of Palm Plantation PT. XYZ in East Kalimantan
Authors: Suswanto Vaschalis David , . Kasmir
Published: August 2020

This research is motivated by the importance of ensuring the safety and health of employees of palm oil companies in an effort to comply with Government Regulations and to meet the principles and criteria of ISPO and RSPO. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of work culture, work environment and work discipline on work safety, and culture, environment and work discipline together affect work safety. This research was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The data used in this study uses primary data obtained from employee respondents' answers. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence between work culture, work environment and work discipline on the health and safety of employees at the palm oil plantation company PT. XYZ in East Kalimantan.
Role of Physiotherapy Health Care Professionals in Infection Prevention and Control of COVID -19 – A Pandemic Disease
Authors: Nayak Jarapla Srinivas , James Tittu Thomas , Menaria Shubham , John Dr. Centina Rose , Pradnya Dr. Dhargave
Published: August 2020

COVID-19 is a new pandemic disease which was reported initially at the city of Wuhan in the Hubei province ofChina on 31 December 2019. 1Recent events have reported its presence in more than 150 countries and with 132758 confirmed cases and a total of 4955 deaths as on 13th March 2020.2Although the death rate due to the disease is 6% or less, the persons who are affected in a short span of time is at an alarming rate.3 In this context, World Health Organization (WHO) have declared the disease as pandemic on 11th March 2020.
Early Ultraviolet Observations of Type IIn Supernovae Constrain the Asphericity of Their Circumstellar Material
Authors: Soumagnac Maayane T. , Ofek Eran O. , Liang Jingyi , Gal-yam Avishay , Nugent Peter , Yang Yi , Cenko S. Bradley , Sollerman Jesper , Perley Daniel A. , Andreoni Igor , Barbarino Cristina , Burdge Kevin B. , Bruch Rachel J. , De Kishalay , Dugas Alison , Fremling Christoffer , Graham Melissa L. , Hankins Matthew J. , Strotjohann Nora Linn , Moran Shane , Neill James D. , Schulze Steve , Shupe David L. , Sipőcz Brigitta M. , Taggart Kirsty , Tartaglia Leonardo , Walters Richard , Yan Lin , Yao Yuhan , Yaron Ofer , Bellm Eric C. , Cannella Chris , Dekany Richard , Duev Dmitry A. , Feeney Michael , Frederick Sara , Graham Matthew J. , Laher Russ R. , Masci Frank J. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Kowalski Marek , Kupfer Thomas , Miller Adam A. , Rigault Mickael , Rusholme Ben
Published: August 2020

We present a survey of the early evolution of 12 Type IIn supernovae (SNe IIn) at ultraviolet and visible light wavelengths. We use this survey to constrain the geometry of the circumstellar material (CSM) surrounding SN IIn explosions, which may shed light on their progenitor diversity. In order to distinguish between aspherical and spherical CSM, we estimate the blackbody radius temporal evolution of the SNe IIn of our sample, following the method introduced by Soumagnac et al. We find that higher-luminosity objects tend to show evidence for aspherical CSM. Depending on whether this correlation is due to physical reasons or to some selection bias, we derive a lower limit between 35% and 66% for the fraction of SNe IIn showing evidence for aspherical CSM. This result suggests that asphericity of the CSM surrounding SNe IIn is common—consistent with data from resolved images of stars undergoing considerable mass loss. It should be taken into account for more realistic modeling of these events.
The 21 cm kSZ–kSZ Bispectrum during the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: La Plante Paul , Lidz Adam , Aguirre James , Kohn Saul
Published: August 2020

Current and next-generation radio interferometers such as the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) and Square Kilometre Array are projected to measure the 21 cm auto-power spectrum from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Another observational signal of this era is the kinetic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (kSZ) signal in the cosmic microwave background (CMB), which will be observed by the upcoming Simons Observatory (SO) and CMB-S4 experiments. The 21 cm signal and the contribution to the kSZ from the EoR are expected to be anticorrelated. However, the naïve cross-correlation between the kSZ and 21 cm maps suffers from significant cancellation. We present here an investigation of the 21 cm kSZ–kSZ bispectrum, which should not suffer the same cancellation as the simple two-point cross-correlation. We show that there is a significant and nonvanishing signal that is sensitive to the reionization history. In the absence of foreground contamination, we forecast that this signal is detectable at high statistical significance with HERA and SO. However, the bispectrum we study suffers from the fact that the kSZ signal is sensitive only to Fourier modes with long-wavelength line-of-sight components, which are generally lost in the 21 cm data sets owing to foreground contamination. We discuss possible strategies for alleviating this contamination, including an alternative four-point statistic that may help circumvent this issue.
Two new species of Ancystrocerus Raffray from the Oriental region (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae)
Authors: Yin Zi-Wei
Published: August 2020

Two new species of the genus Ancystrocerus Raffray, A. lueliangisp. nov. (China: Yunnan) and A. philippinussp. nov. (Philippines: Mindanao), are described, illustrated, and distinguished from related congeners.
Effects of acute hypoxia on auditory pathway of Wistar albino rats
Authors: SONBAY YILMAZ Nevreste Didem , SAKA Cem , ALİCURA TOKGÖZ Sibel , ÇALIŞKAN Murat , VURALKAN Erkan , BEŞALTI Ömer
Published: August 2020

Background/aim: Ischemia is insufficient blood flow to provide adequate oxygenation. In the present study, we aimed to show whether acute hypoxia has a critical oxygen value that may lead to the deterioration of cochlear function.Materials and methods: Under general anesthesia, prehypoxic signal-to-noise ratios were determined by distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). The oxygen saturation (SaO2) values of rats were monitored with an oxygen saturation probe. Rats were injected with an extra dose of anesthetic agent, and SaO2 was reduced. DPOAE values in SaO2 100–90, 90–80, 80–70, and 70–60 posthypoxic values were measured and compared statistically with prehypoxic values.Results: At 3000 and 4000 Hz, SaO2 70–60 values measured after the hypoxia were observed to be statistically significantly lower than the values measured before the hypoxia. At 6000 and 8000 Hz, SaO2 80–70 and 70–60 values measured after the hypoxia were observed to be statistically significantly lower than the values measured before the hypoxia. At 10,000 Hz, all of the values measured after the hypoxia were observed to be statistically significantly lower than the values obtained before the hypoxia.Conclusion: Many studies have been conducted on the effects of hypoxia on the inner ear. It remains unclear how fluctuations in DPOAE levels affect hearing in clinical trials when the SaO2 starts to decrease. Although hypoxia has been implicated in the etiology of sudden hearing loss and tinnitus, the effects of acute hypoxia on the cochlea are still uncertain. Further studies are needed on this subject.
In vitro antibiotic resistance of Staphylococci isolated from different animal species
Authors: KARACAN SEVER Nurdan , AKAN Mehmet
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate resistance to antibiotics of Staphylococcus species isolated from various samples belonging to different animal species. Among 48 Staphylococcus spp. strains, Staphylococcus intermedius was the most common species, followed by S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. hyicus, S. saprophyticus. In a total of 48 Staphylococcus strains, the highest antibiotic resistance was observed to oxacillin (79.17%), tetracycline (39.58%), and ampicillin and cefoxitin (31.25%). Of 48 Staphylococcus strains, 42 showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent, while 23 of the strains had multidrug resistance. Antimicrobial resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin, erythromycin, streptomycin was detected frequently in S. aureus,S. intermedius, and S. epidermidis, respectively. Resistance rates for ampicillin, cefoxitin, and enrofloxacin were determined as 66.67% in S. hyicus strains. S. saprophyticus was determined to show resistance to 13 antibiotics other than meropenem. The highest antibiotic resistance was determined in S. aureus, S. intermedius, S. epidermidis, and in 48 Staphylococcus strains to oxacillin. Consequently, this study revealed resistance to various antibiotics in Staphylococcus species. Additionally, the presence of high oxacillin resistance and multidrug resistance in the Staphylococcus strains revealed the importance of determination of antimicrobial susceptibility before treatment and for rational use of antibiotics.
Exploration de l’impopularité des milieux de santé mentale/psychiatrie auprès de la relève infirmière : une revue systématique des écrits
Authors: Bujold Audrey , Pariseau-Legault Pierre , de Montigny Francine
Published: August 2020

Dans toute population et région du globe, les besoins en santé mentale sont nombreux et grandissants. Par leur formation et leur vaste champ d’expertise, les infirmiers sont un levier important afin d’aborder cette problématique d’accessibilité dans ces milieux de soins. Notamment, la masse grandissante de nouveaux diplômés en sciences infirmières devait atténuer cet enjeu. Or des données récentes démontrent que la pénurie d’infirmiers dans ces milieux de soins s’accentue fortement. Cette revue systématique des écrits ( n=40 ), réalisée à partir des bases de données CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycArticles et Scopus , vise à explorer ce phénomène d’impopularité des milieux psychiatriques et de santé mentale par la relève infirmière. Guidée par la théorie de l’humain en devenir de Parse, cette revue des écrits a permis d’identifier trois thématiques : (1) les perspectives des étudiants en sciences infirmières envers les enjeux relatifs à la santé mentale, (2) l’influence des interventions éducatives sur ces perspectives et (3) les facteurs facilitants et contraignants à une carrière dans ces milieux pour la relève. Ces résultats favorisent donc une meilleure compréhension de ce qui peut contribuer au recrutement de la relève infirmière en santé mentale/psychiatrie, tout en proposant divers leviers d’intervention permettant de répondre spécifiquement à cet enjeu.
Enhancing the Intermediate Vision of Monofocal Intraocular Lenses Using a Higher Order Aspheric Optic
Authors: Alarcon Aixa , Cánovas Carmen , Koopman Bram , Weeber Henk , Auffarth Gerd U. , Piers Patricia A.
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE:

To describe and evaluate a new monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) designed to improve intermediate vision using a unique refractive technology.

METHODS:

The new monofocal lens is based on a higher order aspheric optic and is designed to improve intermediate vision. Simulated visual acuity from far to −2.00 diopters (D) was calculated using optical bench data. The effect of corneal higher order aberrations (HOAs) on simulated visual acuity, pupil size, and decentration was assessed using realistic computer eye models. The susceptibility to photic phenomena was evaluated by measuring preclinically the intensity of the light distribution in the retinal plane. The new lens design was compared to a standard aspheric monofocal IOL that shares the same platform, material, and primary spherical aberration as the new design.

RESULTS:

Simulated defocus curves showed increased simulated visual acuity in the intermediate range compared to a standard aspheric monofocal IOL with comparable distance vision, independently of the pupil size and corneal HOAs. At −1.50 D, the new IOL design provided a gain of approximately 0.1 logMAR, whereas at distance, the difference was less than 0.05 logMAR. The tolerance to decentration was also similar in both designs. Finally, experimental results indicate that the susceptibility to photic phenomena with the new lens design was similar to that of a standard aspheric monofocal IOL.

CONCLUSIONS:

Preclinical data showed that the new lens design improves intermediate vision while maintaining comparable distance image quality and keeping the same photic phenomena profile as a standard aspheric monofocal IOL.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(8):520–527.]
Three-Month Outcomes of Laser Vision Correction for Myopia and Hyperopia in Adults With Amblyopia
Authors: Liu Xi , Schallhorn Steven C. , Hannan Stephen J. , Teenan David , Schallhorn Julie M.
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the visual outcomes of laser vision correction in adults with myopic and hyperopic amblyopia.

METHODS:

The medical records of patients diagnosed as having amblyopia who underwent laser refractive surgery between February 2013 and October 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Eyes with amblyopia were analyzed, and the nonamblyopic fellow eyes of the patients who underwent laser vision correction were used as controls. The uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), subjective manifest refraction, and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were analyzed at the 3-month postoperative time point.

RESULTS:

This study included 323 eyes of 164 patients. All patients underwent laser in situ keratomileusis (90.1%, 291 eyes) or photorefractive keratectomy (9.9%, 32 eyes). Three months postoperatively, the manifest spherical equivalent was −0.07 ± 0.55 diopters (D) (range: −1.75 to +1.30 D) and −0.10 ± 0.54 D (range: −2.13 to +1.30 D) in the amblyopia group and fellow eye group, respectively. The percentage of eyes achieving UDVA of 20/20 or better was 16.9% (15 eyes) in the amblyopia group and 61.9% (52 eyes) in the fellow eye group. The percentage of eyes that gained two or more lines of CDVA was 27.9% (24 eyes) in the amblyopia group and 6.2% (5 eyes) in the fellow eye group (
P
< .01). In the amblyopia group, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean manifest spherical equivalent between the myopic eyes and hyper-opic eyes at any follow-up visit (
P
= .87, 1 month postoperatively;
P
= .68, 3 months postoperatively).

CONCLUSIONS:

Laser vision correction was found to be effective and safe in adult patients with amblyopia.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(8):511–519.]
Comparison Between Bilateral Implantation of a Trifocal IOL and Mix-and-Match Implantation of a Bifocal IOL and an Extended Depth of Focus IOL
Authors: Song Ji Eun , Khoramnia Ramin , Son Hyeck-Soo , Knorz Michael C. , Choi Chul Young
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE:

To compare the clinical outcomes of mix-and-match implantation of a diffractive extended depth of focus intraocular lens (IOL) (TECNIS Symfony ZXR00; Johnson & Johnson Vision) and a diffractive bifocal IOL (TECNIS ZLB00 +3.25 diopters [D]; Johnson & Johnson Vision) and bilateral implantation of a diffractive trifocal IOL (AcrySof IQ PanOptix; Alcon Laboratories, Inc).

METHODS:

This prospective comparative study compares the clinical outcomes of patients with age-related cataract undergoing cataract surgery using the IOLs described. Patients were divided into the mix-and-match group and the trifocal group. Assessment included monocular and binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), intermediate visual acuity (UIVA at 60 cm), and near visual acuity (UNVA at 40 cm), uncorrected defocus curves, contrast sensitivity, and reading speed. Quality of vision was measured with the Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-25).

RESULTS:

A total of 50 patients (25 in each group) were enrolled. At 6 months postoperatively, outcomes of binocular UDVA, UIVA, and UNVA were similar in both groups. The binocular defocus curve only differed at vergences of −0.50 to −1.00 D (better for the mix-and-match group;
P
= .032 and .004, respectively) and at −4.00 D (better for the trifocal group;
P
= .001). Significantly higher reading speeds in the mix-and-match group were measured at 0.7 and 0.5 logMAR (
P
= .038 and .034, respectively). There were no significant differences between groups for contrast sensitivity and the results of the questionnaire.

CONCLUSIONS:

The mix-and-match implantation seemed to be a good option for patients with high demands for distance and intermediate visual acuity, whereas the trifocal IOL appeared to be more suitable for patients with enhanced near vision demands.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(8):528–535.]
Text-Based Image Retrieval Using Deep Learning
Authors: Singhania Udit , Tripathy B. K.
Published: August 2020

This chapter is mainly an advanced version of the previous version of the chapter named “An Insight to Deep Learning Architectures” in the encyclopedia. This chapter mainly focusses on giving the insights of information retrieval after the year 2014, as the earlier part has been discussed in the previous version. Deep learning plays an important role in today's era, and this chapter makes use of such deep learning architectures which have evolved over time and have proved to be efficient in image search/retrieval nowadays. In this chapter, various techniques to solve the problem of natural language processing to process text query are mentioned. Recurrent neural nets, deep restricted Boltzmann machines, general adversarial nets have been discussed seeing how they revolutionize the field of information retrieval.
Sense and Boundaries of Computer Simulations
Authors: Papadopoulos Georgios O. , Syropoulos Apostolos
Published: August 2020

Computers are widely used in physics and other natural sciences to simulate physical phenomena. Thus, people routinely use computers to model many and different physical systems. In addition, computers have been used to solve difficult problems by simulating successful practices employed by living organism. However, it seems not everything can be simulated, that is, there are phenomena that are characterized as non-computable. Most of them can be simulated by quantum computers but for some even these computers are not adequate. The authors examine why this happens, how it can be solved, and whether the “ultimate” goal of simulating the whole universe is feasible.
The Role of Two-Dimensional Materials in Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Vargas-Bernal Rafael
Published: August 2020

Commonly, metallic materials are used in practical ways to increase the shielding effectiveness (SE) through an appropriately designed assembly process. Unfortunately, the high density of devices that require it and the poor environmental stability of metals have impeded their massive use. In addition, for applications in the automotive, aerospace, and electronics industries, materials with light weight and good chemical stability are also required. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the impact that two-dimensional materials (or 2D materials) are having on the development of materials used for electromagnetic interference shielding, particularly the impulse of materials such as graphene, MXenes, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and phosphorene. The advances in the last decade are analyzed and alternatives are proposed that will come in the next decades. The shielding mechanisms presented by the two-dimensional materials are analyzed in detail and the specific applications in which these materials can be used are presented.
Modeling of the Aerodisperse Systems Hydrodynamics in Devices With Directional Motion of the Fluidized Bed
Authors: Artyukhov Artem , Krmela Jan , Artyukhova Nadiia , Ostroha Ruslan
Published: August 2020

The work is devoted to the using of modern program packages for simulation of the aerodisperse systems hydrodynamics of equipment with directional motion of the fluidized bed for the chemical industry. The criteria for selecting the design for this type of equipment are substantiated. New forms of organization of flow motion in the fluidized bed regime are proposed. The mechanisms of motion and residence time control of the disperse phase in the working space of the devices are described. The results of computer simulation of hydrodynamic conditions of the directed gas stream and a two-phase aerodisperse system motion are presented. An algorithm for optimizing the calculation of equipment based on the results of computer simulation (by example of the unit for the porous ammonium nitrate with nanostructured porous layers production) is shown.
Inhibited Antibiotic-Resistant and Electrochemical Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater
Authors: Oke Isaiah Adesola , Oluwaseun Fehintola Ezekiel , Amoko Justinah S. , Lukman Salihu , Adedayo Adekunbi Enoch
Published: August 2020

The main aim of this chapter is to conduct a simple literature review on treatment wastewaters from pharmaceutical and related industries and establish efficacies of electrochemical treatment technique in removing selected pollutants form raw wastewater. Synthetic (simulated) wastewaters were prepared using standard methods. Fractional factorial (2K - P -1) experiments were utilized at random to determine influence of selected factors (separation distance between the electrodes, volume of the wastewater used, applied current, temperature of the wastewater, treatment time, concentration of the pollutant, concentration calcium of hypochrite (Ca(OCl)2) added and depth of the electrode into the wastewater used) on efficiency of electrochemical process in removing Biochemical Oxygen Demand concentration at five (BOD5). Industrial wastewaters were collected from industrial sources within the country (Nigeria). The industrial wastewaters collected were subjected to electrochemical treatment and chemical treatments individually and in combinations under specified treatment conditions.
Gene Editing Technology and Ethical Issues
Authors: Holland Barbara Jane
Published: August 2020

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) technology has emerged as a powerful technology for genome editing and is now widely used in basic biomedical research to explore gene function. More recently, this technology has been increasingly applied to the study or treatment of human diseases. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing has also been applied in immunology-focused applications such as the targeting of C-C chemokine receptor type 5, the programmed death 1 gene and the creation of chimeric antigen receptors in T cells for purposes such as the treatment of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or promoting anti-tumor immunotherapy. Furthermore, scientist recently suggest through their study that CRISPR may not work for everyone. This paper will review gene editing technology and its ethical concerns.
Safety Formats for Non-Linear Analysis: Are the Current Structural Codes Applicable for Practice?
Authors: Tur Viktar V. , Derechennik Stanislav S. , Tur Andrei V.
Published: August 2020

The present paper describes and critically analyses the most widely used safety formats (i.e., partial factor method, global resistance methods, and probabilistic method) for non-linear finite element analysis. It is shown that the global resistance approach initiated by the implementation of non-linear analysis, which is on a global structural resistance model and offers tools for the safety evaluation. In the general case, the global safety concept reflects the variability of the structural responses due to the random properties of basic variables. It concluded that all safety formats for non-linear analysis implemented in currently developed codes are contained many uncertainties, statistically incorrect and vague formulations.
Testing of the Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete Pillars
Authors: Šimek Ondřej , Zich Miloš , Janda Miloslav , Daněk Petr , Nečas Radim
Published: August 2020

The subject of the article is the introduction of the results of the first series of tests of precast reinforced concrete pillars. These are the pillars simulating parts of walls that can, for example, form in the precast wall of residential buildings after an opening has been carved. The pillars are variously reinforced: from the simple reinforcement with wire mesh, to the reinforcement with standard reinforcement bars. Depending on the type of reinforcement and the type of loading, the deformation and tension of the individual pillars are studied. All of the pillars failed due to local compression of the concrete, a transversal tensile failure occurred in all cases.