bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age-Specific Modulation of Prefrontal Cortex LTP by Glucocorticoid Receptors Following Brief Exposure to HFD
Authors: Shrivastava Kuldeep , Rosenberg Tali , Meiri Noam , Maroun Mouna
Published: October 2021

The corticolimbic circuits in general and the medial prefrontal cortex in particular, undergo maturation during juvenility. It is thus expected that environmental challenges in forms of obesogenic diet can exert different effects in juvenile animals compared to adults. Further, the relationship between glucocorticoids and obesity has also been demonstrated in several studies. As a result, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonists are currently being tested as potential anti-obesity agents. In the present study, we examined the effects of short-term exposure to high-fat diet (HFD) on prefrontal long-term potentiation (LTP) in both juvenile and adult rats, and the role of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in modulating these effects. We found HFD impaired prefrontal LTP in both juveniles and adults, but the effects of GR modulation were age- and diet-dependent. Specifically, GR antagonist RU-486 reversed the impairment of LTP in juvenile animals following HFD, and had no effect on control-diet animals. In adult animals, RU-486 has no effect on HFD-impaired LTP, but abolished LTP in control-diet animals. Furthermore, impairments in the prefrontal LTP following HFD are involved with an increase in the mPFC GR levels only in the juveniles. Further, we found that in vivo application of GR agonists into adult mPFC rescued HFD-induced impairment in LTP, suggesting that these receptors might represent strategic therapeutic targets to potentially combat obesity and metabolic related disorder.
Clinical Significance of and Predictive Risk Factors for the Postoperative Elevation of Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Patients With Non-Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhou Siyu , Sheng Nengquan , Ren Jiazi , He Qian , Zhang Yaya , Gong Jianfeng , Wang Zhigang
Published: October 2021

Background

Recently, a few researches focus on the correlation between postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (post-CEA) and the outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC), but none investigates the predictive value of post-CEA in a prognostic model. Besides, current recommendations on the frequency of post-CEA surveillance are not individualized and well followed. There is an absence of identification of patients who are more likely to have abnormal post-CEA levels and need more frequent CEA measurements.

Methods

Consecutive CRC patients who underwent curative surgery were enrolled and randomly divided into the discovery (n=352) and testing cohort (n=233). Impacts of preoperative CEA (pre-CEA) and post-CEA on prognosis were assessed. Cox regression model was applied to develop prognostic nomograms, which were validated by the concordance index (C-index), calibration curve, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. And prediction improvement of the nomograms was assessed with net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Logistic regression was used to identify predictive risk factors and construct the prediction model for post-CEA elevation.

Results

Post-CEA independently predicted overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), while pre-CEA did not. Post-CEA elevation represented higher risks in patients with normal pre-CEA, compared to those with persistent elevated CEA. The nomograms for OS and DFS were established with body mass index, tumor differentiation, N stage, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, and post-CEA. The nomograms showed good calibration and superior discrimination than pTNM stage, with the C-index of 0.783 and 0.759 in the discovery set and 0.712 and 0.774 in the testing set for OS and DFS, respectively. Comparisons between models using IDI and NRI implied that the nomograms performed better than pTNM stage and the predictive power could be improved with the addition of post-CEA. The prediction model for post-CEA elevation was established with age, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, preoperative CA19-9, and pre-CEA. The AUC of the model in the two cohorts was 0.802 and 0.764, respectively.

Conclusions

Elevated post-CEA was a strong indicator of poor prognosis. The addition of post-CEA significantly enhanced the performance of prognostic nomograms. And the prediction model for post-CEA elevation may help identify patients who ought to reasonably receive more intensive postoperative surveillance of CEA levels.
Erythrocytes of Little Ground Squirrels Undergo Reversible Oxidative Stress During Arousal From Hibernation
Authors: Klichkhanov Nisred K. , Nikitina Elena R. , Shihamirova Zainab M. , Astaeva Maria D. , Chalabov Shamil I. , Krivchenko Aleksandr I.
Published: October 2021

The hibernation of small mammals is characterized by long torpor bouts alternating with short periods of arousal. During arousal, due to a significant increase in oxygen consumption, tissue perfusion, and the launch of thermogenesis in cells, a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) can be formed, which can trigger oxidative stress in cells. To estimate this possibility, we studied the intensity of free-radical processes in the red blood cells (RBCs) of little ground squirrels (LGS; Spermophilus pygmaeus) in the dynamics of arousal from hibernation. We found that in the torpid state, the degree of generation of ROS and RNS (8.3%, p>0.09; 20.7%, p<0.001, respectively), the degree of oxidative modification of membrane lipids and RBC proteins is at a low level (47%, p<0.001; 82.7%, p<0.001, respectively) compared to the summer control. At the same time, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in RBC is significantly reduced (32.8%, p<0.001; 22.2%, p<0.001, respectively), but not the level of glutathione (GSH). In the torpid state, SOD is activated by exogenous GSH in concentration-dependent manner, which indicates reversible enzyme inhibition. During the arousal of ground squirrels, when the body temperature reaches 25°C, RBCs are exposed oxidative stress. This is confirmed by the maximum increase in the level of uric acid (25.4%, p<0.001) in plasma, a marker of oxidative modification of lipids [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); 82%, p < 0.001] and proteins (carbonyl groups; 499%, p < 0.001) in RBC membranes, as well as the decrease in the level of GSH (19.7%, p < 0.001) in erythrocytes relative to the torpid state and activity of SOD and CAT in erythrocytes to values at the Tb 20°C. After full recovery of body temperature, the level of GSH increases, the ratio of SOD/CAT is restored, which significantly reduces the degree of oxidative damage of lipids and proteins of RBC membranes. Thus, the oxidative stress detected at Tb 25°C was transient and physiologically regulated.
“We Are All Trying to Find a Way to Help Ourselves”: A Look at Self-Help Strategies Among Psychotherapy Clients
Authors: Chang Sherilyn , Sambasivam Rajeswari , Seow Esmond , Tan Geoffrey Chern-Yee , Lu Sharon Huixian , Assudani Hanita , Chong Siow Ann , Subramaniam Mythily , Vaingankar Janhavi Ajit
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study examined self-help strategies engaged by psychotherapy clients and explored their views on such self-help approach.

Methods: Secondary analysis of data from a qualitative research study was conducted. A total of 15 psychotherapy clients were recruited, and data were collected via semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis of data was conducted using inductive approach to examine the content.

Results: Three main themes revolving around self-help strategies were identified: (1) types of self-help strategies, (2) reasons for engaging in self-help activities, and (3) effectiveness of self-help strategies.

Conclusion: The self-help approach to manage distress is common among psychotherapy clients. This study provided insights into understanding how and why clients use self-help strategies in their daily lives.
Computer Vision System for Expressing Texture Using Sound-Symbolic Words
Authors: Yamagata Koichi , Kwon Jinhwan , Kawashima Takuya , Shimoda Wataru , Sakamoto Maki
Published: October 2021

The major goals of texture research in computer vision are to understand, model, and process texture and ultimately simulate human visual information processing using computer technologies. The field of computer vision has witnessed remarkable advancements in material recognition using deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs), which have enabled various computer vision applications, such as self-driving cars, facial and gesture recognition, and automatic number plate recognition. However, for computer vision to “express” texture like human beings is still difficult because texture description has no correct or incorrect answer and is ambiguous. In this paper, we develop a computer vision method using DCNN that expresses texture of materials. To achieve this goal, we focus on Japanese “sound-symbolic” words, which can describe differences in texture sensation at a fine resolution and are known to have strong and systematic sensory-sound associations. Because the phonemes of Japanese sound-symbolic words characterize categories of texture sensations, we develop a computer vision method to generate the phonemes and structure comprising sound-symbolic words that probabilistically correspond to the input images. It was confirmed that the sound-symbolic words output by our system had about 80% accuracy rate in our evaluation.
Reimagining Community Mental Health Care Services: Case Study of a Need Based Biopsychosocial Response Initiated During Pandemic
Authors: Sunder Poornima , Vincent Anu Sonia , Saju Meenu K. , Moorthy Anu S. , Paulose Godson , Robins Roshni , Prabhu Anupama V. , Arun M. , Rajah Anita , Venkateswaran Chitra
Published: October 2021

Community mental health systems worldwide have undergone transformation in order to accommodate enormous demands of the pandemic and its mitigation efforts. The pandemic created unprecedented challenges that required Mehac Foundation (further referred as Mehac), a not for profit organization based in Kerala, to reassess our care delivery model. The aim of this report is to present a flexible, need-based biopsychosocial response; a case study effectuated by the Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) with a focus on minimizing the impact of COVID 19 on vulnerable communities, while adhering to timely regulations issued by the government. The key aspect of our biopsychosocial response was implementation of a phased approach that was rooted in real time need identification. The strategies will be described under broad headings of (i) adaptations for maintaining continuity of care, (ii) identifying vulnerable subgroups and need based psychological response, (iii) exploring social dimensions of the pandemic and implementing strategies to address them, (iv) ensuring team well-being and enhancing skills to effectively respond to the challenges.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Survey of COVID-19 Among Healthcare Students During the COVID-19 Outbreak in China: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Zhang Juxia , Yin Yuhuan , Dean Judith , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhang Yiyin , Wang Jiancheng , Zhang Yinping
Published: October 2021

Background: The ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has placed the healthcare system and student training under considerable pressure. However, the plights of healthcare students in the COVID-19 period have drawn limited attention in China.

Methods: A cross-sectional on-line survey was undertaken between January and March 2020 to explore the COVID-19 knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) survey among Chinese healthcare students. Demographic information and data on KAP were obtained using a self-reported questionnaire. The percentage KAP scores were categorized as good or poor. Independent predictors of good knowledge of COVID-19 were ascertained to use a logistic regression model.

Results: Of the 1,595 participants, 85.9% (1,370) were women, 53.4% were junior college students, 65.8% majoring in nursing, and 29.8% had received training on COVID-19. The overall median percentage for good KAP was 51.6% with knowledge of 28.3%, attitude 67.8%, and practice 58.6%, respectively. Independent predictors of good knowledge of COVID-19 were being students ≥25 (95% CI = 0.27–0.93, P = 0.02), those taking bachelor degrees (95% CI = 1.17–2.07, P = 0.00), and those having participated in COVID-19 treatment training.

Conclusions: The result of this study revealed suboptimal COVID-19-related KAP among healthcare students in China. To effectively control future outbreaks of COVID-19, there is a need to implement public sensitization programs to improve the understanding of COVID-19 and address COVID-19-related myths and misconceptions, especially among healthcare students.
Theoretical Clues for Agroecological Transitions: The Conuco Legacy and the Monoculture Trap
Authors: Griffon Diego , Hernandez Maria-Josefina , Ramírez David
Published: October 2021

The multiple ecological crisis that we are facing forces us to ponder the transition toward sustainable agricultural systems. Two key uncertainties need to be unveiled in addressing this problem; first, we need to identify the general features of alternative models that make them sustainable, and second, we need to explore how to build them from the (flawed) existing systems. In this work we explore these two questions using an ethnoecological and theoretical approach. In the exploration of alternative models, we evaluate an ancestral farming system, theconuco, characterized by, (i) the use of the ecological succession to constantly renew its properties, (ii) the increase of its biodiversity over time (in the horizontal and vertical components), and (iii) the self-regulation of the associated populations. Next, we characterize the topology of ecological networks of agroecosystems along the transition from a monoculture to aconuco-like agroecological system. We use topologies obtained from field information of conventional and agroecological systems as starting and arrival points. To model the dynamics of the systems and numerically simulate the transitions, we use a model based on Generalized Lotka-Volterra equations, where all types of population interactions are represented, with outcomes based on a density-dependent conditionality. The results highlight the relevance of increasing the connectance and diminishing the degree centrality of the conventional systems networks to promote their sustainability. Finally, we propose that the transitions between the monoculture and the agroecological systems could be figuratively interpreted as a cusp catastrophe, where the two systems are understood as alternative stable states and the path from one to the other cannot be reverted by just reversing the values of the control parameter. That is, once a system is in either of these states there is a tendency to stay and a resistance to move away from it. This implies that in the process of transition from a monoculture to a multi-diverse system, it is prudent not to despair if there are no immediate improvements in the performance of the system because once a certain point is reached, the system may experience an abrupt improvement.
Modified Laparoscopic Sugarbaker Repair of Parastomal Hernia With a Totally Extraperitoneal Technique
Authors: Jiang Huiyong , Thapa Dil Momin , Cai Xiangjun , Ma Chun , Wang Mofei
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Many patients develop a parastomal hernia within the first 2 years of stoma formation, and even surgical repair is associated with high recurrence rates. An intraperitoneal approach is typically used for the laparoscopic repair of parastomal hernia; it is unknown whether a totally extraperitoneal technique (TEP) is feasible. Here we describe a laparoscopic TEP approach using a modified Sugarbaker method for the repair of parastomal hernia.

Methods: Seven patients underwent parastomal hernia repair. The retrograde puncture technique was used to create the extrapneumoperitoneum, and the peritoneum was separated with a laparoscopic TEP approach; the mesh was placed using a modified Sugarbaker technique.

Results: All patients had an oncologic etiology for stoma creation. The mean (±SD) size of the hernia defect was 3.1 ± 2.7 cm and the mesh size was 303.4 ± 96.8 cm2. The mean operative time was 195.5 ± 20.7 min and average length of hospital stay after surgery was 4.8 ± 2.1 days. One patient had intraoperative subcutaneous emphysema. The average follow-up time was 8.5 ± 2.7 months; mild pain occurred in 2 patients, 3 experienced seroma formation (with no special treatment required), and 1 had early intestinal obstruction (which was treated with conservative care). There was no hernia recurrence, wound complications, or infections of the surgical site or mesh during follow-up.

Conclusion: A laparoscopic TEP technique is technically challenging but feasible. Modified laparoscopic Sugarbaker repair of a parastomal hernia with the TEP technique is safe and effective, although the recurrence rate and late complications require confirmation in more cases with long-term follow-up.
Insights Into mRNA and Long Non-coding RNA Profiling RNA Sequencing in Uterus of Chickens With Pink and Blue Eggshell Colors
Authors: Chen Siyu , Chen Kecheng , Xu Jiaming , Li Fangwei , Ding Jinlong , Ma Zheng , Li Gen , Li Hua
Published: October 2021

The blue egg is both of biological interest and economic importance for consumers, egg retailers, and scientists. To date, the genetic mechanisms underlying pigment have mainly focused on protein-coding genes. However, the underpinning mechanism of non-coding RNAs on the pigment deposition among different eggshell colors remains unknown. In this study, RNA sequencing was employed to profile the uterine gland transcriptome (lncRNA and mRNA) of 15 Changshun blue eggshell layers, to better understand the genetic mechanisms of deposition of blue eggshell color. Results showed that differentially expressed mRNAs, GO terms, and KEGG pathways among pink-eggshell and blue-eggshell chickens were mainly targeting immune- and transporter-related terms with the SLC family, IgJ, CD family, and MTMR genes. Furthermore, the progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation and cortisol synthesis and secretion pathway with targeted gene PGR and Pbx1 were significantly enriched between blue- and pink-eggshell chickens. Integrating analysis of lncRNA and mRNA profiles predicted 4 and 25 lncRNA–gene pairs by antisense and cis analysis. They were relative to immune, nerve, and lipids and amino acid metabolisms, porphyrin, and chlorophyll metabolism with targeted gene FECH and oxidative phosphorylation and cardiac muscle contraction pathways with targeted gene COX6A1. Within blue-eggshell chickens, the GO terms hindbrain tangential cell migration and phosphatidylinositol monophosphate phosphatase activity with targeted gene Plxna2 and MTRM1 were identified. Integrating analysis of lncRNA and mRNA profiles predicted 8 and 22 lncRNA–gene pairs. Most pathways were mainly enriched on lipid-related metabolisms as found in mRNA sequencing. The lncRNAs did exert similar functions in color formation by modulating pigment disposition and immune- and lipid-related metabolisms. Our results provide a catalog of chicken uterine lncRNAs and genes worthy of further studies to understand their roles in the selection for blue eggshell color layers.
Historia i sytuacja języka łemkowskiego w ostatnim stuleciu
Authors: Duć-Fajfer Helena
Published: October 2021

The aim of this paper is to briefl y present the situation of the Lemko language
from the historical perspective covering one hundred years of its development.
The creation of Lemkos’ linguistic awareness and identity before their
displacements (1945–1947) has been clearly refl ected in literature. It provides
the foundation for reconstructing the main emancipatory identity line developed
based on “our language”, equivalent to the local speech, followed by the Lemko
intelligentsia, while confronting the social and political considerations of their
native area. A drastic effect of the considerations was displacements, destruction
of culture, and lack of conditions for fostering language. The recovery of language
rights after 1989 has initiated a range of internal revitalisation processes and
strategies supported also institutionally. They are, however, not able to stop the
mass destructive processes resulting in the Lemko language being currently
among the endangered ones
Antibacterial Activity and Iron Release of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Biomaterials Synthesized via the Sol-Gel Route
Authors: Catauro Michelina , D’Errico Ylenia , D’Angelo Antonio , Clarke Ronald J. , Blanco Ignazio
Published: October 2021

The aim of this work was the synthesis of hybrid materials of iron (II)-based therapeutic systems via the sol-gel method. Increasing amounts of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6, 12, 24, 50 wt%) were added to SiO2/Fe20 wt% to modulate the release kinetics of the drug from the systems. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study the interactions between different components in the hybrid materials. The release kinetics in a simulated body fluid (SBF) were investigated, and the amount of Fe2+ released was detected via ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) after reaction with ortho-phenanthroline. Furthermore, biological characterization was carried out. The bioactivity of the synthesized hybrid materials was evaluated via the formation of a layer of hydroxyapatite on the surface of samples soaked in SBF using spectroscopy. Finally, the potential antibacterial properties of seven different materials against two different bacteria—E. coli and S. aureus—were investigated.
Powers of Elliptic Scator Numbers
Authors: Fernandez-Guasti Manuel
Published: October 2021

Elliptic scator algebra is possible in 1+n dimensions, n∈N. It is isomorphic to complex algebra in 1 + 1 dimensions, when the real part and any one hypercomplex component are considered. It is endowed with two representations: an additive one, where the scator components are represented as a sum; and a polar representation, where the scator components are represented as products of exponentials. Within the scator framework, De Moivre’s formula is generalized to 1+n dimensions in the so called Victoria equation. This novel formula is then used to obtain compact expressions for the integer powers of scator elements. A scator in S1+n can be factored into a product of n scators that are geometrically represented as its projections onto n two dimensional planes. A geometric interpretation of scator multiplication in terms of rotations with respect to the scalar axis is expounded. The powers of scators, when the ratio of their director components is a rational number, lie on closed curves. For 1 + 2 dimensional scators, twisted curves in a three dimensional space are obtained. Collecting previous results, it is possible to evaluate the exponential of a scator element in 1 + 2 dimensions.
ONC201 and an MEK Inhibitor Trametinib Synergistically Inhibit the Growth of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Lim Bora , Peterson Christine B. , Davis Alexander , Cho Elin , Pearson Troy , Liu Huey , Hwang Minha , Ueno Naoto Tada , Lee Jangsoon
Published: October 2021

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous group of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2-negative breast cancers with poor clinical outcomes. The imipridone ONC201 is a G-protein-coupled dopamine receptor D2 modulator and an allosteric agonist of the mitochondrial protease caseinolytic protease P(ClpP), which induces apoptosis. Here, we aimed to develop a novel ONC201-based combination therapy targeting TNBC. We performed a reverse-phase protein array analysis of ONC201-treated/-untreated and -sensitive/-resistant cell lines to identify potential predictive biomarkers. A principal component analysis using measured protein expression levels, the apoptosis score (AS), and heatmaps of all the measured protein and AS-related protein expression levels did not show a clear correlation between the expression levels of a specific protein and ONC201 efficacy. Three-dimensional RNA interference kinome-wide library screening revealed the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways as potential synergistic therapeutic partners. The combination with the MEK inhibitor trametinib successfully inhibited the growth of both ONC201-sensitive/-resistant TNBC cell lines. The baseline ClpP level correlated with the efficacy of single-agent ONC201. Single and combination therapy increased caspase 3/7 activity. The predictive biomarkers and a detailed mechanism of synergy beyond an induction of caspase activation should be tested for translation into future studies.
The Law of the Iterated Logarithm for Linear Processes Generated by a Sequence of Stationary Independent Random Variables under the Sub-Linear Expectation
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Yong
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we obtain the law of iterated logarithm for linear processes in sub-linear expectation space. It is established for strictly stationary independent random variable sequences with finite second-order moments in the sense of non-additive capacity.
Lietuvos valdovų Gedimino ir Algirdo prigimtinio teisingumo doktrina tarptautinių santykių aspektu
Authors: Baronas Darius
Published: October 2021

This article seeks to explore the notion of justice in the letters of grand dukes Gediminas (1316–1341) and Algirdas (1345–1377) of Lithuania. To provide the right context, use is made of studies of late medieval political ideas. This comparative investigation has been carried out in order to identify schools of Latin medieval political thought that share common ground with what we might call a Lithuanian version of natural justice. On the other hand, an attempt is made to identify views of political life and cultural interaction that represent a stark contrast with the principles of Christian and non-Christian coexistence expressed in the letters of the abovementioned Lithuanian pagan rulers. KEYWORDS: Gediminas, Algirdas, political culture, justice, Lithuania, medieval Europe, Byzantium.
Dėmėtosios šiltinės epidemija Lietuvoje Antrojo pasaulinio karo metais (1941–1944 m.)
Authors: Šikšnianas Mantas
Published: October 2021

ANNOTATION. The article dwells on cases of typhus in Lithuania in 1941–1944, offers an
analysis of the spread of the disease, the number of cases, and the preventive measures applied by German and Lithuanian officials. It was established that during the German occupation, typhus spread in Lithuania in two ways. The disease was first spread by Soviet prisoners of war, and later by civilians who were evacuated from the Soviet Union. The largest number of cases was recorded in parts of Lithuania where typhus was most often detected before the Second World War.

KEYWORDS: typhus, epidemic, prisoners of war, evacuated civilians, sanitation, prevention.
A specialized system of pre-trip medical examinations using digital technologies
Authors: Bakutkin Valeriy Vasilievich , Bakutkin Ilya Valerievich , Zelenov Vladimir Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2021

A system of pre-trip medical examinations using digital technologies has been developed. It includes a remote questionnaire, the results of which are analyzed and a reporting form is generated in text format and in the form of a graph. Portable, autonomous equipment and specialized software for use in remote medical examinations have been developed. Objective examination is carried out by the method of digital biomicroscopy of the eye, which allows you to analyze the parameters of pupillary reactions, the size of the palpebral fissure, the volume of eye movement, the frequency of blinking movements, the degree of redness of the eyeballs, the presence of nystagmus, the state of the surrounding eye tissues. Also in the hardware part of the complex there are sensors for detecting and measuring the level of concentration of ethyl alcohol vapors. Contact digital measurement of body temperature is performed with a sensor in contact with the forehead area during the examination. There is an additional program for the identification of the examined person by the iris of the eye. The use of digital methods in the medical examination system increases efficiency through the use of objective examination methods.
Functional role of category of the salary in increase in profi tability of agricultural work
Authors: Kiryanova V.
Published: October 2021

In article the essence and the maintenance of the salary as economic category, one of the main directions of increase in profi tability of work of employees of agricultural branch in modern economic conditions is considered. The economic analysis and assessment of realization of her main functions in the organization of compensation of hired employees of the organizations are given, a number of the directions of their development for the purpose of strengthening of motivation of workers in results of the work is off ered.
Effect of Dominance On The Isometric Hamstring Muscle Length In Undergraduate Students
Authors: Oyewole O O
Published: October 2021

Background: The knee is frequently prone to traumatic and degenerative afflictions and hence is a common site of pain requiring physical therapy interventions. During the process of rehabilitation, comparisons are usually made with the contralateral knee vis-à-vis the knee muscle torques as a criterion reference. In order to validate this practice, is necessary to determine to what extent a pre-injury difference exists between the limbs of otherwise normal subjects.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide isometric strength data of hamstring muscles in healthy subject and to investigate the effect of dominance on it.

Method: Eighty normal male undergraduate subjects with mean age of 23.5 ± 2.14years (range 20-29) were exposed to isometric muscular strength measurement of the hamstring muscles. The thigh muscle bulk, limb length and leg length were also measured.

Results: The result showed that dominance has effect on the isometric muscular strength of the lower limb when classified as dominant or non-dominant, strong or weak and right or left. There was also significant effect of dominance on muscle bulk. Significant correlation was found between muscle strength, muscle bulk and body weight. No correlation was found between muscle strength and leg length. Age has no effect on the strength.

Conclusion: This study suggests that in gross comparisons only, pre-injury significance exists between contralateral limbs.

KEYWORDS: Isometric hamstring muscle strength, dominance leg, leg length, muscle bulk.
Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) On Hormone profiles In Subjects With Primary Dysmenorrhoea - A Preliminary Study
Authors: Tella B A , Olisa A J , Akinbo Sunday R , Ajayi G O , Alamu D , Osundiya B
Published: October 2021

Background & Objective: Primary dysmenorrhoea (PD) is the occurrence of painful menstrual cramps of uterine origin which occurs in the absence of any underlying disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of TENS on the hormones; cortisol and prolactin in individual with PD.

Methods: Plasma levels of cortisol and prolactin were studied in twenty-one (21) subjects with mean age of 23 + 2 years by obtaining blood sample from each subject, pre-and post-TENS therapy on the first day of menstruation. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess the pre-and post-treatment pain intensity. The TENS unit was applied for a duration of 30 minutes.

Results: The paired t-test showed that there was an overall reduction in the mean cortisol and prolactin from pre treatment values of 28.45µg/dl±5.27 and 56.81ng/ml±31.86 to post treatment values of 27.33µg/dl±5.13 and 53.23ng/ml±37.63 respectively. However these differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Pain intensity was significantly reduced comparing pre and post treatment VAS scores.

Conclusion: The probable mechanism by which TENS effects alteration in cortisol and prolactin levels and pain reduction in PD might be through the opioid-modulating analgesia system, which releases B-endorphins and other endogenous opiates in response to pain. This is because there is close relationship between B-endorphin, cortisol and neurons, which secrete dopamine into the hypothalamic-pituitary-portal system. However this study gives further evidence that women with PD have disturbed hormonal profiles.

KEY WORDS: Primary dysmenorrhoea, TENS, Cortisol, Prolactin.
Stress And Strain At The Lateral Collateral Ligament Complex Of The Elbow Joint
Authors: Mbaka G O , Ejiwunmi A B , Chukwuma V U , Odusote O O
Published: October 2021

Background: The radial collateral ligament was previously believed to be the only ligament existing at the lateral aspect of the elbow joint until Morrey and An (1976) classified the ligaments to include radial collateral (RCL) and lateral ulnar collateral ligaments (LUCL). There is therefore the need to assess the impact these ligaments in elbow joint stability.

Objective: To investigate how the RCL and LUCL are affected by stress and strain in both routine and forceful movements of the limb.

Materials and Methods: Eight (8) embalmed upper extremities were used for this investigation. The elbow joint was dissected with care taken to preserve the lateral ulnar collateral ligament seen in seven of the limbs. Qualitative assessment of ligament tension was made under valgus and varus stresses. The angles at which stress was applied were 450, 700, 750, 900, 1100, 1200 and full extension. These angles were chosen partly because most movements during racket sporting activities take place at higher angles (Regan et al 1991). The angles were determined by hand held goniometer while the arm was firmly held in a retort stand.

Results: The RCL is more able to absorb stress and strain because of its greater flexibility enhanced by its attachment at the annular ligament. However, LUCL a thickened mass, in both valgus and varus stresses was taut throughout most of the entire arc of flexion. It is a much stronger ligament that effectively stabilizes elbow joint in both routine and forceful movement.

Conclusion: This study has been able to establish that LUCL is more prone to stress and strain. Being attached from bone to bone, it equally provides greater stability at the lateral aspect of elbow joint.

KEY WORDS: Elbow joint; Ulna and Radial Collateral Ligament; stress and strain.
Cardiovascular Responses Of Type 2 Diabetes Patients To Intermittent And Continous Aerobic Exercises
Authors: Akindele Mukadas O , Kodzo Phillip , Naimat Mustapha
Published: October 2021

Background: The use of aerobic exercise as a form of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus has been well documented in the literatures. High blood pressure has been shown to be one of the sequelae of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Determination of mode of exercises for glycemic control that will not adversely affect the cardiovascular indices of type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects is highly indicated.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the acute cardiovascular responses of type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects to continuous and intermittent modes of exercises.

Results: There was statistical significant difference in heart rate of both groups. Continuous mode of exercise elicited no statistical difference in SBP and DBP but there was statistical significant difference in SBP in intermittent exercise group with no statistical significant in their DBP. Cross comparison of pre and post cardiovascular indices showed that there were statistical significant differences in SBP (F=0.710, P>0.05) and DBP (F=1.397, P>0.05).

Conclusion: Cardiovascular responses of type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects were higher in intermittent exercise group compared with the continuous exercise group.

KEYWORDS: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Aerobic exercise, cardiovascular response.
The Impact Of Internship Programme And Its Effects On The Physiotherapy Practice In Nigeria
Authors: Onigbinde Ayodele Teslim
Published: October 2021

Background: The recent introduction of one year internship training programme is one of the few steps taken to update standard and knowledge of upcoming physiotherapists in Nigeria. It is a compulsory one-year clinical training post-graduation from the university under the supervision of the clinicians. The major importance of introducing the new policy is to promote acquisition and utilization of new skills, and as well, develop skills and confidence already acquired during undergraduate days.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess and evaluate the new internship-training programme considering welfare package like salary and wages, accommodation, employment opportunities, acceptability and working environment. The study also evaluated the opinion of the supervisors on the impact of the new policy on the profession, government and clinical practice.

Method: Structured copies of self-administered questionnaires were distributed to forty-four interns at three accredited University Teaching Hospitals in Nigeria while 30 questionnaires were distributed to supervising physiotherapists in these hospitals. The response rate for interns was 100% while it was 60% for the supervisors. The data obtained from the designed questionnaire were analyzed by descriptive analysis.

Results: The result showed that the 52% of the interns were satisfied with the support from their senior colleagues, work load (80%), freedom to plan and manage patients (100%), and supervision from senior colleagues (62%). They were grossly dissatisfied with their salaries (91%), equipment available (79%), pattern of conducting ward rounds (89%), and office environment (58%). The result also revealed that all the supervising physiotherapists (100%) were satisfied with the skill and clinical practice of the interns. The result further showed that the programme has a positive impact in terms of clinical practice, confidence employment opportunity, productivity and government policy (66–100%).

Conclusion: This study concluded that the internship programme has a remarkable positive impact on the profession of physiotherapy in Nigeria. However, the intern physiotherapists were not satisfied most especially with their monthly income and pattern of conducting clinical rounds.

KEY WORDS: Physiotherapy Internship Programme, Nigerian Physiotherapists.
Relationship Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness Blood Pressure of Nigerian
Authors: Akinpelu Aderonke O , Oyewole O O , Oritogun K S
Published: October 2021

Background: Knowledge about the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and health outcome is important, because such information adds essential information to the aggregated data that serve as the basis for physical activity guidelines.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and blood pressure in normotensive individual.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of secondary school students in Sagamu local government area of Ogun state, Nigeria during 2006 school year was carried out. In all 1638 (790 male and 848 female) apparently healthy students with age ranged between 12 and 18 years were selected from 11 schools (8 public and 3 private). The Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and blood pressure of the subjects were measured.

Results: A significant negative correlation between CRF and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) was observed. There was significant curvilinear graded relation between CRF and blood pressure. Coefficient of determination (R2) for cardiorespiratory fitness was 1.54% and 1.18% for systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively.

Conclusion: The greatest benefit may be achieved when increasing the fitness from low to moderate cardiorespiratory fitness. It is therefore important to direct action towards those adolescents who are the least physically fit to increase their cardiorespiratory fitness and hence reduced their blood pressure.

Key words: Cardiorespiratory fitness index, blood pressure, CHD
The Spinal Column and Abdominal Pressure changes and their relationship with Pain severity in Patients with Low Back Pain
Authors: KUMAR SURAJ , Negi Mahendra Pal Singh , Sharma Vijai Prakash , Shukla Rakesh
Published: October 2021

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a complex condition which is mainly associated with back (multifidi) and abdominal (transverses abdominis) muscles dysfunction. Though pain is one of the indicators of LBP, the literature data regarding relationship between pain and muscle dysfunction is lacking.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the differences in spinal column pressure changes (SCPC) and abdominal pressure changes (APC) in male and female patients with LBP and evaluate their relationship with pain severity.

Methods: Thirty nine patients (28 male and 11 female) with sub-acute or chronic LBP participated in the study. Spinal and abdominal muscles pressure changes were measured by pressure measuring device (PMD) while pain severity (Pain) was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Eight physical characteristics such as Age, Weight, Height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse rate (PR) were also taken while waist hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) were estimated from WC and HC and Weight and Height respectively. Statistical analysis was done using independent Student's t-test, Spearman rank correlation and step wise multiple regression analysis.

Results: The mean Age, Weight, WC, HC, WHR, SBP, DBP, DUR and Pain ofmale and female were found to be similar (p> 0.05). The mean level of both SCPC and APC in male and female differed significantly (p< 0.01) and the levels ofboth were significantly (p< 0.05) high in male than female and for this, significant (p< 0.05) differences in Height, BMI and PR were found to be the responsible. Both spinal column and abdominal pressure changes showed inverse and significant (p< 0.01) correlation with the Pain severity. The WC (waist circumference), HC (hip circumference), BMI and PR were found to be significant risk factors for LBP as they correlate positively and significantly (p< 0.01) with the pain severity. Pain and DUR (duration of pain) were found to be significant predictors of SCPC which accounts for 73% variations of SCPC while Pain, Height and WC of APC which accounts for 61% variations of APC.

Conclusion: In LBP, spinal column and abdominal pressure changes have inverse and significant (p< 0.01) relation with the pain severity. Though, most of the physical characteristics ofmale and female were similar, their spinal and abdominal pressure changes differed significantly. The findings of this study may be helpful in the management of LBP and it is recommended that clinicians should adopt both the pressure changes for diagnostics and prognostics of LBP.
Ideótipo arbóreo para Sistemas Agroflorestais
Authors: Aguiar Junior Adenio Louzeiro de , Abreu Gustavo Mattos , Oliveira Neto Silvio Nolasco de , Souza Denys Matheus Santana Costa , Obolari Amana de Magalhães Matos , Guirardi Bruna Duque , Melo Lucas Amaral de
Published: October 2021

Os Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAF) são um modelo de produção que visa associar o cultivo ou o manejo de espécies arbóreas e agrícolas integradas na presença ou ausência de animais em uma mesma área, de forma simultânea ou escalonada ao longo do tempo. Os aspectos morfológicos da espécie florestal presente nesse sistema são fatores relevantes, dada a interação com os demais componentes do SAF. Por meio do presente estudo, objetiva-se realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o ideótipo morfológico para espécies arbóreas na composição de Sistemas Agroflorestais. Os aspectos de copa do componente florestal definem o nível de sombreamento que será imposto aos demais integrantes do sistema, determinando em grande parte a finalidade do SAF e a produção de todo o sistema. As particularidades do tronco e do sistema radicular do componente florestal também devem ser avaliadas considerando-se o objetivo final do SAF, pois enquanto as características do tronco podem definir o momento de inserção do componente animal, o sistema radicular será determinante em outras variáveis, como a ciclagem de nutrientes e o grau de competição com o componente agrícola e/ou forrageiro. Sendo assim, a escolha da espécie florestal na composição do SAF deve ser ponderada, visando atender aos aspectos técnicos, econômicos, ambientais e sociais do sistema adotado.
A Study on Awareness and Attitude Towards Islamic Banking in Tirupattur District
Authors: Maria John Joseph K. A , Mahalakshmi D
Published: October 2021

The banking system in every country is based on the interest system. Interest-bearing money is almost like the law of nature where money generates money but alternative banking system called Islamic banking. Islamic banking follows Islamic ethical principle which appears very different from those of the conventional western banking finance model.

In this study, the data has been obtained through both primary and secondary sources. The secondary data were collected from journals, magazines, and the Holy Quran. The fresh data were collected through questionnaires from Tirupattur District. The research design used for this study is descriptive type. The Sampling design used for the study was the convenience sampling technique. The percentage analysis was used for the study.

The Islamic banking system in India was introduced for both Muslim and Non-Muslim customers. Few of the Muslim customers have an account in Islamic banking. Most of the customers do not have awareness about the Islamic bank. This study aims to discover awareness and attitude about Islamic banks, both Muslims and non-Muslim in Tirupattur District. The main objective of Islamic Banking is to retain their existing customers and attract new customers by creating awareness about their banking system. This banking system follows the interest-free principles under Islamic Law.
A Comparative Analysis Study on Mobile Banking and Mobile Wallet Services in India
Authors: Karthikeyan K , Dinesh Kumar M
Published: October 2021

Banking sectors are fully focused on Mobile Banking and Mobile wallets and engage in electronic device and apps initiatives by reducing physical activities in banking operations. Mobile Banking and Mobile Wallet practices perceived various electronic products and services to measures supporting private companies, public and private banking sector procedures to electronic management systems and reduction of fuel and cost proper utilization. They are the best performance and efficiency of Mobile Banking and Mobile Wallet in the key of elements in the financial system. The most important mobile banking services have been mentioned through Account Access, Balance Enquiry, E-Passbook, Account Statement, Fund Transfer, Bill Payment, Branch Locator, ATM Locator and Requests, etc. Mobile wallet’s procedure is to open a zero account to submit KYC for address proof rather than submit a mobile number—payment using a one-time password, pin code, or bar code. The funds are limited to transactions only. Most private companies, public and private sector banks are; Airtel Money, Axis Bank Lime, Citrus Pay, Freecharge, ICICI Pockets, Itz Cash, Jio Money, Mobikwik, Oxigen, mRuppee, Paytm, SBI Buddy, SpeedPay, Vodafone M-Pesa, etc. The awareness of mobile banking and mobile wallet products and services is ready for all people using modern banking activities. Mobile banking and mobile wallets reduce physical activities and use information technology devices for proper handling of banking websites and private company mobile apps etc. This relative study of Mobile Banking and Mobile Wallet shows that there are significant differences in the transactions of Mobile Banking and Mobile Wallet volume and value. Analysis simple percentages have been used to analyze and interpret the data on Mobile Banking and Mobile Wallet volume and value made in India during the study period of 2012-13 to 2018-19 (7 years).