bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Assessment of Drinking Water Supply System of Talesh Based on World Health Organization Water Safety Plan in 2021: A Case Study
Authors: Aali Rahim , Kishipour Amin
Published: August 2022

Water safety plan (WSP) is a new way to ensure the safety of drinking water by risk assessment and systematic prevention approach. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk and identify hazards from the production source to the point of use and plan to reduce or eliminate these hazards to provide safe drinking water. This study was conducted on the water supply system of Talesh city in 2021. The WSP has 12 stages and the third stage is risk assessment and hazard identification. This stage scored 69 points out of a total of 100 raw points, which indicates 69% coordination with the WSP. Based on the analysis, 47 hazards were identified in production sources, transmission lines, distribution network, and point of use. The presence of domestic sewage wells near the source of supply, undesirable chlorine concentration, and old pipes in the distribution network, as well as the failure of the check valve at the point of consumption are the most important risks. With the implementation of different phases of WSP, especially the stage of identification and assessment of microbial contamination risk in the distribution network, has been decreased to 0% and the desired residual chlorine concentration has been increased to 100%. Currently, water supply system of Talesh has a moderate level of safety.
Toxocara Species Infection in Pet Dogs and Cats Ensured by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay
Authors: Hosseini Hamid , Zibaei Mohammad , Miahipour Abolfazl , Hatami Zahra , Firoozeh Farzaneh , Badri Milad
Published: August 2022

Background: Toxocariasis is a parasitic disease with global distribution. Many paratenic or transport hosts have been identified as the sources of infection, including vertebrates such as birds and humans. The definitive hosts of Toxocara are dogs and cats whose parasites live in their guts. Hence, the diagnosis of the disease in these animals is important. Objective: The present study was performed using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method to diagnose toxocariasis. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 60 samples of pet feces were collected and subsequently evaluated by direct smear, formalin-ether, and LAMP. Results: Toxocara infection in dogs by microscopic and formal ether methods and LAMP method was 10% and 13.3%, respectively, while feline infection with this parasite was not observed either microscopically or molecularly. Conclusion: The present findings revealed that pet dogs can be considered as a source of infection for humans. Therefore, it is recommended that animal owners receive the necessary training to prevent the risks of transmitting zoonotic diseases.
Detection of Enterotoxin A Gene (sea) and Determination of Different Biotypes of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates From Milk and Cheese in Khuzestan Province, Iran
Authors: Maktabi Siavash , Gharibi Dariush , Hormozi Taherah
Published: August 2022

Background: There has been a growing concern about the potential transmission of Staphylococcus aureus strains among human and animal species through the consumption and handling of foods of animal origin. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the source and possible route of milk and dairy contamination in Khuzestan province of Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 raw cow’s milk and 50 traditional cheese samples were collected from local markets in different cities of Khuzestan province, Iran. Presumptive colonies on Baird Parker Agar were subjected to the Polymerase Chain Reaction assay in order to identify the Staphylococcus genus, thermonuclease gene specific for S. aureus, enterotoxigenic gene (sea), and coa gene for coagulase gene. Moreover, biotyping of S. aureus strains was implemented based on Devriese’s system, and the antibiotic susceptibility testing (five antibiotics) was carried out. Results: Overall, 80 Staphylococcus spp. was isolated from the samples. The PCR was performed and, as the result, 23 S. aureus were confirmed, out of which 2 isolates (8.6%) belonged to the human ecovar and 17 isolates (73.9%) belonged to the non-host specific (NHS) biotype, whereas 4 isolates (17.3%) remained unclassified. Furthermore, sea gene and coagulase genes were detected in 3 and 22 isolates, respectively. The rates for contamination with S. aureus in milk and in cheese were 15% (19 samples) and 8% (4 samples), respectively. Overall, 4%, 9%, 17%, 35%, and 56% of isolates were found resistant to gentamicin, erythromycin, oxacillin, trimethoprim, and penicillin, respectively. Conclusion: The local milk and cheese supplied in the given area were contaminated with antibiotic-resistant and enterotoxigenic staphylococci. Therefore, it was recommended that the supply chain of these materials should be carefully monitored in order to prevent the complications caused by the contamination with these ecovars.
Demaskuok - The Lithuanian System to Counter Disinformation
Authors: Konieczny Marcin
Published: August 2022

This article presents Demaskuok as a practical tool to combat the so-called “fake news”, that is, preventing the circulation of false news that misleads recipients. Fake news, also referred to as disinformation, is aimed at evoking an emotional reaction, thus creating or strengthening the existing prejudices against a person, group, in order to obtain specific and intended benefits. As history shows, many fake news were created that had an impact on their audience. The greatest field for the creators of disinformation is the Internet. Despite the fact that disinformation is ubiquitous today, this article presents a reliable ‘weapon’ to fight fake news. The leader in this field is Lithuania, which has discovered effective tools in the fight against propaganda and disinformation, the creator of which is Russia. The article analyzes the activities of Russian trolls spamming social networks, and at the same time highlights the roleof the so-called elves, whose task is to fight Kremlin disinformation and propaganda. It was also emphasized that the basic method of combating Russian disinformation is active and responsible social action by citizens. Lithuanian elves fighting the activities of Russian trolls become, in a way, guardians of citizenship, culture, history and those values that strengthen Lithuanian citizens' resistance to information threats.
Pandemia COVID-19 a bezpieczeństwo funkcjonariuszy i osadzonych w zakładach karnych – zmiany i zagrożenia
Authors: Dróżdż Adriana
Published: August 2022

Celem artykułu jest omówienie pojęcia bezpieczeństwa w kontekście funkcjonariuszy Służby Więziennej i osadzonych, a także dostrzeżenie i poznanie zmian, które musiały zostaćwprowadzone w zakładach karnych z powodu sytuacji epidemicznej, a także opis zagrożeń bezpieczeństwa(wyżej wymienionych podmiotów) spowodowanych koronawirusem w więzieniach. Podjęcie pewnych działań mających na celu utrzymanie dotychczasowego poziomu bezpieczeństwa, zarówno funkcjonariuszom Służby Więziennej, jak i osadzonym, zostało niejako wymuszonepoprzez pandemię. Artykuł ma za zadanie ukazać odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: Czyi jak pandemia wpłynęła na widzenia z najbliższymi? Czy i jakie środki potrzebne do utrzymywania higieny przez osadzonych zostały zwiększone? Czy i jak sytuacja pandemiczna wpłynęła na zatrudnienie osadzonych? Czy wystąpiły ograniczenia związane z zajęciami dydaktycznymiprowadzonymi dla osadzonych oraz jakimi utrudnieniami musieli zmierzyć się prowadzący takie praktyki? Czy więźniowie mają prawo do modlitwy? Czy więźniowie zaangażowali się w prospołeczne prace związane z pandemią? Podstawową metodą badawczą realizującą wymienione cele, jest analiza literatury oraz dostępnych materiałów źródłowych poruszających tematykę ogólnierozumianego bezpieczeństwa, a także zagadnienia związane z bezpieczeństwem funkcjonariuszyi osadzonych w zakładach karnych, w czasach pandemii COVID-19.
AVANCE GENÉTICO ESPERADO PARA APTITUD COMBINATORIA. MODELO CON ALELOS MÚLTIPLES Y PROBADORES HOMOCIGÓTICOS
Authors: Sahagún-Castellanos Jaime
Published: August 2022

El modelo de dos alelos por locus puede resultar limitado para el estudio teórico de poblaciones formadas por los cruzamientos de tres o más progenitores o de poblaciones de polinización libre. Ignorar esta insuficiencia de este modelo en ocasiones puede conducir a resultados que, a su vez, pueden orientar deficientemente al fitomejorador en la conducción de un programa de mejoramiento genético. Por otra parte, la teoría clásica del mejoramiento de la aptitud combinatoria fue derivada con base en un modelo de sólo dos alelos. Este estudio se diseñó para derivar la respuesta a la selección para aptitud combinatoria (R) de una población de líneas con un coeficiente de endogamia F, alelos múltiples y probadores homocigóticos. Se encontró que la R tiene una relación directa con F y que depende de la varianza genética aditiva ( σ 2 A  ) y de la covarianza entre los valores aditivos y las desviaciones de dominancia de los mestizos ( σ A,DMu ). Además, el análisis efectuado mostró que σ A,DMu puede determinar la existencia de una R negativa y hacer que la varianza genética de los mestizos sea cero. El límite mínimo de σ A,DMu es  − (1/ 4)σ 2A − (1/ 2)σ 2DMu , donde σ 2DMu es la varianza de los mestizos. También se encontró que cuando los resultados obtenidos se expresaron en términos de sólo dos alelos, se produjo una coincidencia completa con los resultados que para este caso ya se habían derivado con un enfoque diferente. En particular, se encontró que la R es negativa si con sobredominancia positiva, d = ka (k>1), [(k-1)/(2k)]<q<1 y si es con sobredominancia negativa, d = ka (k<-1), 0<q<[(k+1)/(2k)]. Aquí, q, d y a representan la frecuencia de A2 y los valores genotípicos de A1A2 y A1A1, respectivamente.
CIAN PRECOZ: VARIEDAD DE ALGODÓN DE CICLO CORTO Y TOLERANTE A LA ENFERMEDAD “SECADERA TARDÍA” (Verticillium dahliae K.)
Authors: Palomo-Gil Arturo , Godoy-Ávila Salvador , Gaytán-Mascorro Arturo , García-Castañeda Enrique A.
Published: August 2022

En México se cultivan variedades algodón de ciclo largo (170 días de siembra a cosecha) y de abundante crecimiento vegetativo, que no son las más idóneas para regiones como la Comarca Lagunera, porque requieren de una alta inversión en insumos como agua, fertilizantes e insecticidas, lo cual trae consigo altos costos de producción. El problema se agrava en suelos infestados con el hongo Verticillium dahliae K., causante de la enfermedad conocida como “Verticillium” o “secadera tardía”, que ocasiona pérdidas hasta de 35 % en la producción (Palomo et al., 1993).
Serebral Palsili Olgularda Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyi ile Uyku Kalitesi Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ENZİN Fatih , ÇELİK GÜZEL Hazel , FELEK Sevgi
Published: August 2022

ÖZET
Amaç: Serebral palsili bireylerin motor gelişim ve fonksiyonel kapasiteleri sağlıklı yaşıtlarına göre daha yavaş gelişim göstermektedir. Bu durumun ortaya çıkmasında uykunun ne kadar etkili olduğu bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışma, uyku kalitesinin serebral palsili bireylerin motor gelişim ve fiziksel aktivite kapasiteleri üzerindeki etkisini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Materyal ve Metod: Çocukların fonsiyonel kapasitelerini belirlemek için 6 Dakika Yürüme Testi, Kas Kuvveti Testleri (Sırt Ekstansör Kas Kuvveti ve Abdominal Kas Kuvveti), Kassal Endurans Testleri (Çömelme Testi, Mekik Testi, Ters Mekik Testi), Esneklik Testleri (Otur-Uzan Testi, Sırt Kasları Esneklik Testi) ve 20 Metre Hızlı Yürüme testlerini uyguladık. Uyku alışkanlıkları ve uykuyla ilişkili sorunlar, Çocuk Uyku Alışkanlıkları Anketi kullanılarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 48 serebral palsili birey dahil edildi.( ortalama; yaş 10,5 (6-18), VKİ 17,86 (10.52-30)). Bunların 20’si kız, 28’i erkekti. Uyku alışkanlıkları anketi sonuçları ile yürüme ve esneklik testleri sonuçları arasında negatif yönde orta dereceli ilişki olduğu görülürken (p<0,05), kassal kuvvet ve endurans testleri ile ilişki olmadığı görüldü (p0,05). Yürüme ve endurans testleri puanları ile toplam uyku süresi arasında ilişki olmadığı görülürken; tüm egzersiz testleri puanları ile uyku kalitesi verileri arasında korelasyon olduğu tespit edildi.
Sonuç: Serebral palsili bireylerde, uyku kalitesi; yürüme, kuvvet, endurans, esneklik gibi fiziksel aktivite düzeyini gösteren parametrelerle değişen seviyelerde ilişkilidir. Bu nedenle rehabilitasyonda hedeflenen başarının artırılabilmesi için uyku ile ilgili düzenlemeler gerekebilir.
Crónica de un doble golpe a Zacatecas: Gobierno estatal y federal boicotearon la reserva de la biósfera y el impuesto ecológico
Authors:   La Jornada, Valadez Rodríguez Alfredo ,   Proceso
Published: August 2022

El pasado 25 de noviembre del 2021, el presidente Andrés Manuel López Obrador visitó Zacatecas, y cuestionó el que las grandes compañías mineras que operan en la entidad no quieran pagar los impuestos ecológicos creados cuatro años atrás. Junto a él estaba el gobernador David Monreal Ávila, quien retomó en días posteriores la crítica a los consorcios mineros, pero sin profundizar ante la opinión pública sobre el origen del incumplimiento —los gobiernos previos de Miguel Alonso Reyes y Alejandro Tello Cristerna— y su doble efecto negativo para Zacatecas. Esta es la historia, documentada, de una trama institucional impune.
TEACHING CASE. GAMIFICATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION: TURNING TRAINING IN FACE-TO-FACE AND ONLINE STUDIES
Authors: del Castillo Ángel
Published: August 2022

The profile of university students has changed in recent years. The use of the Internet and social networks has fostered immediacy in everyday life. Added to this is the fact that in recent years the number of students known as “sisi” generation has increased, that is, students who study and work at the same time. For this student profile, not only is a master class enough, but, given the effort they make to be able to train -in person or online (e-learning)- we must, at least, take into account different techniques or tools that can help encourage participation, motivate students and facilitate the acquisition and assimilation of the knowledge exposed in the training sessions. In this line, we present a teaching case in which gamification tools applicable to education were used in order to report an experience that makes the use of this type of programs or gamification techniques to be valued and taken as a reference when teaching. in a context of higher education both in the face-to-face environment and in the online environment. In the present study, the experience of applying gamification tools or techniques, both in face-to-face studies and in online studies, has been satisfactory for the students and, as they indicate, has helped them in their learning. In line with other authors, our didactic case corroborates the results of the improvement in the understanding and learning of students in higher education.
No Palácio de Lótus
Authors: Lima da Silva Higor
Published: August 2022

No cotidiano mundial, por conta das mortes pelo coronavírus, os afetos que coexistem com o luto ficaram mais presentes na memória coletiva. Com efeito, o presente poema parte de uma aisthesis a uma kátharsis para trazer ao leitor uma experiência estética do livramento do sofrimento de estar separado de quem se ama. E é considerando que neste ano se comemora os 800 anos de nascimento do Grande Mestre Nitiren Daibossatsu, que é muito importante ao Budismo, que o poema em homenagem a ele traz um léxico que reflete seus ensinamentos. Portanto, em suma, “Palácio de Lótus” significa “templo budista” (Nitiren ensinou o Sutra Lótus); “kalpas” é uma medida de tempo praticamente incalculável; “Gohonzon” é a Mandala Sagrada da prática do Sutra Lótus; “Saha” refere-se ao mundo dos humanos; “quatro mares” refere-se a um país, ao mundo ou aos mares entorno de Sumeru (nome de uma montanha tanto física quanto espiritual); “cisne” simboliza um ser que vive em partida e distanciamento de quem ama; “bossatsu” é o estado de pleno altruísmo onde se almeja mais a iluminação alheia do que a própria; “branco” representa a morte, luto e sofrimento; “sakura” é traduzida por cerejeira (os japoneses esperam anualmente a alegria de vê-la florescer, mas sua floração bela é curta e frágil, trazendo melancolia pela efemeridade); “lanternas” são as lanternas flutuantes; e a “lua” representa os ensinamentos budistas.
Memórias da violência
Authors: Oliveira Ligia Vanessa Penha
Published: August 2022

Conto
Sobre a Legitimação de uma Norma Padrão da Língua Portuguesa no Brasil
Authors: Poll Margarete Von Muhlen , Pereira Alexandre Macedo
Published: August 2022

Este artigo discute o papel da gramática normativa, da Nomenclatura Gramatical Brasileira e dos acordos ortográficos no processo de legitimação de uma norma linguística padrão no Brasil. Argumentamos que o Estado também é um agente legitimador de uma norma padrão da língua, quando estabelece a Nomenclatura Gramatical Brasileira e acordos ortográficos, que são veiculados e explicitados pelas gramáticas normativas, que, por sua vez, também prescrevem normas de emprego da língua. Para demonstrar como esse processo de legitimação de uma norma linguística ocorre via Estado, abordamos cada uma dessas formas de instanciação acima mencionadas. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivos a) demonstrar que o Estado brasileiro é um agente legitimador da norma padrão da língua portuguesa no Brasil e b) discutir o papel dos instrumentos de veiculação da norma padrão da língua portuguesa no Brasil. Metodologicamente, este é um trabalho bibliográfico de caráter qualitativo. A pesquisa bibliográfica implica a analise ou a resolução de um problema, recorrendo a referenciais teóricos. A pesquisa qualitativa preocupa-se com a dimensão descritiva do fenômeno, ocupando-se do(s) processo(s), do(s) resultado(s) e do(s) produto(s). Concluímos que o Estado é um agente legitimador de uma norma padrão para a língua portuguesa no Brasil, quando estabelece regras ortográficas e uma nomenclatura gramatical, que são explicitadas pelas gramáticas normativas, que, por sua vez, também prescrevem regras de emprego da língua.
Descentralizando concepções de letramento: refletindo sobre as noções de meritocracia e privilégios a partir dos estudos da linguagem
Authors: Vellasco Bianca Alencar
Published: August 2022

Este ensaio é uma tentativa de descentralizar epistemologicamente a concepção de letramento a partir da apresentação de uma visão contra-hegemônica deste conceito conectado a duas noções sociais: a de meritocracia e a de privilégios. O objetivo foi produzir uma reflexão que explicite a relação existente entre a superação da magicização da palavra escrita (Freire, 1986) e a ruptura de uma visão fatalista das estruturas sociais. Entre os resultados, destaca-se que a noção de modelo autônomo de letramento se conectaria a noção de meritocracia, e que a noção de modelo ideológico de letramento se conectaria a noção de privilégios. As noções de meritocracia e de privilégios funcionaram aqui como sintomas sociais que em alguma medida se relacionam com as concepções de linguagem que nos perpassam e também como um reflexo de como as ideologias linguísticas que reproduzimos e carregamos representam e orientam a forma como nos relacionamos em nossas práticas sociais.
A formação do professor interculturalista de língua espanhola mediada pelo Teletandem
Authors: Silva Rickison Cristiano de Araújo , Souza Fábio Marques de
Published: August 2022

O Teletandem (TELLES, 2009a) apresenta-se como um contexto telecolaborativo de ensino-aprendizagem de línguas que promove troca interculturais, contribuindo na formação de professores interculturalistas (MENDES; 2004; SERRANI, 2005; OLIVEIRA, 2010; SILVA, 2020). Desse modo, neste artigo, verificamos a presença dos aspectos interculturais nas sessões de Teletandem Institucional Integrado realizado por estudantes brasileiras com estudantes argentinos, refletindo acerca das contribuições das interações no Teletandem na formação de futuras professoras de espanhol enquanto interculturalista. Trata-se de uma investigação de natureza qualitativa de base etnográfica (ANDRÉ, 1995; LUDKE; ANDRÉ, 1986), realizada com três licenciandas de Letras – Espanhol, matriculadas no Componente Curricular eletivo “Práticas de intercâmbio linguístico-cultural via Teletandem”, da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB). Os dados revelam que as interações telecolaborativa no Teletandem promoveram momentos de trocas interculturais e, consequentemente, o desenvolvimento de uma consciência crítica e atitudes em prol à interculturalidade. Esse aspecto, de fundamental importância, contribuiu na formação de professoras interculturalista de língua espanhola.
Capa
Authors: Rocha Vânia Sueli Guimarães , Silva Maria Rennally Soares da
Published: August 2022

Capa
Apresentação
Authors: Silva Bruno Rafael Costa Venâncio da , Pastor Margarita Isabel Asensio , Alarcón Moisés Llopis i , Pinheiro-Mariz Josilene
Published: August 2022

Apresentação
Türkiye’de Uygulanan Yapı Denetim Sisteminin Sorunları İle İlgili Yaklaşımlar
Authors: ENGİN Volkan , ÖZBİL Bülent
Published: August 2022

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti toprakları, yeryüzünün en aktif deprem kuşaklarından biri içerisinde bulunmaktadır. Bununla beraber Türkiye Cumhuriyeti sınırları içerisinde yaşayan halkın büyük bir bölümü bu deprem kuşaklarında hayatını sürdürmektedirler. Geçmişte yaşanılan depremlerin getirdiği can ve mal kayıpları, yapılaşma sürecinde devletin sıkı bir yönetim uygulamasını gerektirmiştir. Özellikle doğal afetler sonucunda yaşanan can ve mal kayıplarının önüne geçmek yapı denetim sisteminin önemi ve amacı bu araştırmada belirtilmiştir. Yapı denetimi faaliyetlerini düzenlemek için 2001 yılında uygulanmaya başlanan 4708 sayılı Yapı Denetimi Kanunu bu sistemin sağlıklı bir şekilde uygulanması amacıyla kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu kanunda bulunan kusurlar ve eksiklikler değerlendirilmiş ve düzeltilmesi amacıyla bazı öneriler yapılmıştır. Yapı denetimi görevinde rol alan tüm kişi ve kurumların gerekli görevlerini yerine getirmediği gözlemlenmiştir. Bu kişi ve kurumların üzerine düşen görevleri doğru bir şekilde yapması gerektiği vurgulanmış ve bununla beraber sistemde oluşan sorunları çözüme ulaştırmaları amacıyla bilgilendirme yapılmıştır.
Polityczność pragnienia w myśli Spinozy: przeciwko antynomicznej interpretacji Leszka Kołakowskiego
Authors: Januszkiewicz Antonina
Published: August 2022

Artykuł ukazuje polityczność ontologicznego systemu Benedykta Spinozy na przykładzie pojęcia conatus (pragnienia). Autorka broni spójności myśli niderlandzkiego myśliciela polemizując z interpretacją Leszka Kołakowskiego, podług której system Spinozy charakteryzują nieprzezwyciężalne antynomie jednostki i nieskończoności. Jak zostaje wykazane w tekście artykułu, dostrzeżenie fundamentalnie politycznego charakteru ontologicznych pojęć Spinozy pozwala przekroczyć owe antynomie w kierunku spójnej i klarownej interpretacji. Skupiając ciężar wywodu na pojęciu conatus, autorka poddaje analizie dwie antynomie Kołakowskiego. Pierwsza z nich dotyczy problemu trwania i jednostkowości i przedstawia pozorną sprzeczność pomiędzy zasadą samozachowania indywiduów a niepodzielnością substancji. Druga zaś, dotyka kwestii ściśle etycznej – rzekomej niezgodności pomiędzy pragnieniem zachowania się w swym istnieniu a pragnieniem intelektualnej miłości Boga.  Autorka wykazuje, że podstawą obydwu antynomii jest zapoznanie polityczności pojęcia conatus, a wraz z nim politycznego wymiaru Etyki.
Disinfection By-product Precursor Removal by Biochar Derived from Agricultural Waste
Authors: Ritthisoonthorn Sorawit , Ngernyen Yuvarat , Songnangrong Lippakorn , Rattanaboonta Warodom , Khongnakorn Watsa , Jutaporn Panitan
Published: August 2022

Biochar made from agricultural waste products can be used as a low-cost adsorbent targeting dissolved organic matter (DOM). In water treatment plant (WTP), DOM reacts with chlorine-based disinfectant and forms carcinogenic disinfection by-products. The objective of this study was to investigate the applicability of bamboo biochar derived from wood vinegar production waste as an adsorbent for DOM removal and subsequently trihalomethane formation potential (THM-FP) reduction. Raw biochar (BCRaw) and 800°C post-heated biochar (BC800) was tested for its surface characteristics including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller analysis. The post-pyrolysis treatment increased the surface area of the biochar from 90.3 to 274 m2 g-1. Raw natural water collected from Tapra WTP, Khon Kaen, Thailand, which uses the Chi River as its water source. The adsorption capacities for dissolve organic carbon at 24-h equilibrium (Qe) of BCRaw and BC800 were 0.148 and 0.551 mg-C g-1 adsorbent, respectively. The adsorption kinetics were described well with a pseudo-second order model, which implied chemisorption and multiple adsorption mechanisms. While THM-FP was relatively unaffected by a treatment with BCRaw, a treatment with BC800 resulted in 12.4% THM-FP reduction and preferential removal of precursor to chloroform over other THMs was observed. Fluorescent excitation-emission matric spectroscopy was employed to characterize DOM before and after treatment with biochar. BC800 achieved greater removal of terrestrial humic-like and fulvic-like DOM, due to the presence of oxygen functional groups, which enhances removal capacity for aromatic compounds. Overall, this study shows the potential use of bamboo biochar derived from waste material as an adsorbent for THM precursor removal.
BERPIKIR POSITIF PADA HADITS “ANĀ ‘INDA ZHANNĪ ‘ABDI BĪ” DALAM PERSPEKTIF GRAMATIKA DAN BALAGHAH
Authors: Yusra Oktarina Rina
Published: August 2022

This study aims to analyze positive thinking in the hadith "ana 'inda zhanni 'abdi bi" in a grammatical and balaghah perspective. The diction of the hadith confirms that Allah will actually realize what His servant thinks of him, both positive and negative because there is taukid namely dhamir al-fashl at the beginning of the hadith and ismiyyatul jumlah which strengthens jumlah khabariyah. However, if it is examined from a grammatical and balaghah perspective, the hadith contains an invitation to think positively, not negatively. This research is library research by examining books and scientific works related to the title. The authors found that the hadith is included in the chapter on the invitation to remember Allah from this study. Allah warns His servants to be careful in prejudice or thinking of Him because He is present, close, closely attached to what is suspected or thought by the servant, and is easily able to realize what is suspected or thought. As a "closeness" and "specialization" for 'abdu (obedient and submissive servant), Allah invites His servants to think positively, remember  Him, draw closer to Him, and come to Him. Then He will reward the servant with good rewards that will lead him to success in this world and the hereafter. In the hadith there are taukid, tahriku al-himmah ila ma yalzamu tahshiluhu, ziyadatu at-taqrir wa al-idhah li as-sami', ta'jilu al-masarrah, azh-zharfu li hudhuri asy-sya'i wa dunuwwihi, al -yaqin billahi, wa at-takhshishu li al-'abdi al-khadhi' li rabbihi al-mustaslimi al-munqadi li amrihi and al-ilshaq. Therefore, every servant should try always to think positively.
El consumidor y la agricultura sostenible para el siglo XXI
Authors:   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Vargas Calderón Diego Fernando , Gómez Racines Ligia ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Rojas Muñoz Alfonso Lucas ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali
Published: August 2022

Este libro analiza el mercado sostenible en la agricultura ecológica – caso Colombia–, permite conocer a fondo esquemas de planificación, promoción, fijación de precios y distribución de productos de forma que se logre la satisfacción del cliente y la compatibilidad del proceso con los ecosistemas. Constituye una herramienta que puede contribuir al desarrollo sostenible que aún estamos a tiempo de conseguir; todo depende de nosotros como consumidores y de las empresas como productoras.
El biocombustible, factor de desarrollo
Authors:   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Vargas Calderón Diego Fernando , López Duque Sandra Yanina ,   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Rojas Muñoz Alfonso Lucas ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali
Published: August 2022

El biocombustible es un derivado de productos agrícolas como la caña de azúcar, plantas oleaginosas, biomasa forestal y otras fuentes de materia orgánica; por lo tanto, es un recurso renovable contrario a los productos fósiles los cuales no son renovables. Además, se puede usar aisladamente o adicionarlo a los combustibles convencionales, como son los casos del etanol, metanol, metano, biodiesel, y el carbón vegetal. “Para el abordaje del referente teórico en este documento, se realiza una revisión de los orígenes y significados de los combustibles biológicos de primera generación, al igual que los diferentes tipos, proce-sos productivos y tecnologías utilizadas para mejorar la eficiencia” (Morelos, 2016); desde esta perspectiva la revisión bibliográfica per-mite evaluar un tema muy importante, como lo es el medio ambiente y cómo el proceso de producción de los biocombustibles afecta direc-tamente a la humanidad, interfiriendo en la calidad de vida de los se-res vivientes que habitan el planeta, en la producción de alimentos y a su vez en el deterioro del ambiente en que se vive.El presente trabajo presenta una evaluación de los métodos utilizados para la optimización de los procesos que implican el uso racional de los insumos agrícolas, forestales, residuos orgánicos y tecnologías empleadas en la producción de biocombustibles de primera y segunda generación, considerando también los biocombustibles obtenidos de la biomasa provenientes de materia orgánica de las actividades agrícolas.
Development of Short-Term Forecasting Models Using Plant Asset Data and Feature Selection
Authors: Walker Cody , Ramuhalli Pradeep , Agarwal Vivek , Lybeck Nancy , Taylor Mike
Published: August 2022

Nuclear power plants collect and store large volumes of heterogeneous data from various components and systems. With recent advances in machine learning (ML) techniques, these data can be leveraged to develop diagnostic and short-term forecasting models to better predict future equipment condition. Maintenance operations can then be planned in advance whenever degraded performance is predicted, thus resulting in fewer unplanned outages and the optimization of maintenance activities. This enables lower maintenance costs and improves the overall economics of nuclear power.

This paper focuses on developing a short-term forecasting process that leverages a feature selection process to distill large volumes of heterogeneous data and predict specific equipment parameters. A variety of feature selection methods, including Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) and variance inflation factor (VIF), were used to select the optimal features as inputs for three ML methods: long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, support vector regression (SVR), and random forest (RF). Each combination of model and input features was used to predict a pump bearing temperature both 1 and 24 hours in advance, based on actual plant system data. The optimal inputs for the LSTM and SVR were selected using the SHAP values, while the optimal input for the RF consisted solely of the response variable itself. Each model produced similar 1-hour-ahead predictions, with root mean square errors (RMSEs) of roughly 0.006. For the 24-hour-ahead predictions, differences could be seen between LSTM, SVR, and RF, as reflected by model performances of 0.036 +- 0.014, 0.0026 +- 0, and 0.063 +- 0.004 RMSE, respectively. As big data and continuous online monitoring become more widely available, the proposed feature selection process can be used for many applications beyond the prediction of process parameters within nuclear infrastructure.
Transformer Health Monitoring Using Dissolved Gas Analysis
Authors: Walker Cody , Al Rashdan Ahmad , Agarwal Vivek
Published: August 2022

As integral components of any power plant, transformers sup-ply the generated electricity to the grid. However, the trans-former’s cellulose-based paper insulation and the mineral oilin which it is immersed break down over time under stan-dard operating conditions—or more rapidly due to potentialfaults within the system. This technical brief exhibits a col-lection of diagnostic and prognostic techniques that utilitiescan adopted in lieu of labor-intense periodic preventive main-tenance routines. Furthermore, prognostic models have beenincorporated using the latest version of the Institute of Elec-trical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard (IEEE StdC57.104TM-2019) for dissolved gas analysis (DGA), thusexpanding it to include estimation of the time to maintenance.Overall, four different methodologies are explained, each ofwhich aid in determining a transformer’s state of health. Thesemethodologies include the Chendong model, the IEEE C57.91-2011 thermal life consumption model, a diagnostic model forDGA, and a prognostic model for DGA that uses an autore-gressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. An ad-ditional improvement for estimating missing system parame-ters from monitoring data (i.e., a tool for parameter estimationutilizing Powell’s method) is presented, enabling the IEEEthermal life consumption model to benefit not only the col-laborating power plant, but also the power industry at large.
Prediabetic patients evaluated with Quantose™ IR and their relationship with anthropometric measurements through bioelectrical impedance analysis
Authors: Mota-Sanhuaa Vanessa , Rojas Jiménez José Alberto , Martínez Castañeda Diana , Covarrubias-Cortés Alejandro , Flores García Georgina , López Ríos Sandra , Reyes Camacho Adriana , Jácome-Mondragón José Antonio , Velázquez Hernández Blanca
Published: August 2022

Introduction: New metabolomic biomarkers as Quantose™ IR and anthropometric measurements using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) provide relevant information on patients with insulin resistance and prediabetes. QuantoseTM IR is a novel metabolomic test to assess insulin resistance for screening and monitoring. Establishing a correlation between these variables is useful in clinical practice and, to our knowledge, there are no published studies that explore the relationship between Quantose™ IR and anthropometric measurements using BIA in patients with prediabetes. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between Quantose™ IR and BIA anthropometric variables (fat mass, FM; fat mass index, FMI; and body mass index, BMI) in Mexican patients with prediabetes, overweight, and obesity. Materials and Methods: This is an observational, transversal analytic study in 135 patients of both genders between 20 and 65 years of age, BMI 25.0–34.9, with diagnosis of prediabetes. The Quantose™ IR test was performed as well as anthropometric measurements (FM, FMI, and BMI) using BIA taken with Inbody 230TM. Pearson’s correlations and independent sample t-tests were estimated with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: 135 patients were studied; 77% were female, aged 46 years in average. The prevalence of insulin resistance by Quantose™ IR was 71.1%. A positive correlation was confirmed between Quantose™ IR and FM, FMI, and BMI (p < 0.05). Patients with altered Quantose™ IR had higher FM, FMI, and BMI (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The data here presented confirm the existence of a positive and statistically significant correlation between Quantose™ IR and anthropometric measurements using BIA. This information may be useful for diagnosis and treatment in prediabetic, overweight, and obese patients.
Effect of early or late nutritional intervention with psychological support on symptoms associated with Anorexia Nervosa: a comparative study
Authors: Flores-Gamboa Andrea , De la Vega-Morales Rocío Ivonne , Tovar Barrientos Lorena , Serrano-Robles J. Gerardo , Matz-Zyman Nicole , Ibarra Antonio
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a disease with increasing incidence and prevalence, favored by biological, psychological, familial, and social factors. Management must be interdisciplinary, involving the intervention of nutritionists and psychologists. Additionally, it is important to evaluate the effect of an early or a late onset of the intervention. Objective: To determine if early nutrition-based intervention along with psychological support leads to a decrease in the symptoms associated with Anorexia Nervosa, when compared with late intervention. Methods: To evaluate the above parameters, an exploratory study was proposed with a design of non-randomized clinical trial and a non-probability purposive sampling of n = 17 women with AN between 12 and 25 years of age (x̄ = 16.8 ± 3.6). According to the moment of the nutritional intervention with psychological support, the 17 women were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 10) start the intervention in the first six months after the onset of the disease while Group 2 (n = 7) started 3 years after the disease. The nutritional and psychological carried out consisted of three phases: individualized nutritional assessment, design of the meal plan according to the metabolic needs of each patient and nutritional indications, and an individualized psychological intervention. Both interventions were carried out once a week for six months, for a total of 24 psychological and nutritional sessions. The physical variables of body mass index (BMI) and arm muscle area (AMA) were measured. To assess emotional changes, the body image dissatisfaction subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) was used. Results: Six months after follow-up, the results showed statistically significant changes in the BMI (p <,0.01), AMA (p <,0.01) and body image dissatisfaction (p <,0.01) after the intervention. It was found that the early-intervention group presented lower values in BMI and AMA as compared to the late-intervention patients while both groups showed a marked reduction in body image dissatisfaction values. The late-intervention group presented the sharpest reduction. There was no significant difference in the variables BMI and AMA in the intragroup comparisons. Conclusion: The early-onset nutritional intervention with psychological support decreased the physical and emotional symptoms associated with AN.
Ethics and the explainable artificial intelligence(XAI) movement
Authors: Adamson Greg
Published: August 2022

Since 2016 a significant program of work has been developed under the title of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). This program, prompted and extensively funded by DARPA, has sought to address the reasoning behind decisions or recommendations of AI systems. As AI systems often have concealed or black box characteristics, the problem of explainability is a significant challenge. XAI has been described as a movement rather than a single technology approach. Many thousands of papers have examined the problem, and diverse approaches have been put forward. One approach encouraged by DARPA has since become known as post-hoc reasoning, applying inductive reasoning. This research examines the claim to accuracy of post-hoc explanations, applying the perspective of the philosophy of technologyAs AI systems are already being used to determine who should have access to scarce resources and who should be punished and in what way, the accuracy of an explanation is an important ethical issue. . This paper asserts that technologists as experts in AI technology hold a unique ethical responsibility to clarify to a wider audience the limitations of knowledge about the workings of black box AI systems, and to avoid narratives that encourage uncritical acceptance of technology promise. The paper also proposes practical ways in which to approach the use of post-hoc reasoning where appropriate. 
Deep Neural Network Augmented Wireless Channel Estimation on System on Chip
Authors: Asrar ul haq Syed , Gizzini Abdul Karim , Shrey Shakti , darak sumit , Saurabh Sneh , Chafii Marwa
Published: August 2022

Reliable and fast channel estimation is crucial for next-generation wireless networks supporting a wide range of vehicular and low-latency services. Recently, deep learning (DL) based channel estimation is being explored as an efficient alternative to conventional least-square (LS) and linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) based channel estimation. Unlike LMMSE, DL methods do not need prior knowledge of channel statistics. Most of these approaches have not been realized on system-on-chip (SoC), and preliminary study shows that their complexity exceeds the complexity of the entire physical layer (PHY). The high latency of DL is another concern. This paper considers the design and implementation of deep neural network (DNN) augmented LS-based channel estimation (LSDNN) on Zynq multi-processor SoC (ZMPSoC). We demonstrate the gain in performance compared to the conventional LS and LMMSE channel estimation schemes. Via software-hardware co-design, word-length optimization, and reconfigurable architectures, we demonstrate the superiority of the LSDNN architecture over the LS and LMMSE for a wide range of SNR, number of pilots, preamble types, and wireless channels. Further, we evaluate the performance, power, and area (PPA) of the LS and LSDNN application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) implementations in 45 nm technology. We demonstrate that the word-length optimization can substantially improve PPA for the proposed architecture in ASIC implementations.
Saliency-Sensitive Parametric Average-Value Modeling of Machine-Rectifier Systems--Part I: Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Ojo Isuje
Published: August 2022

This research focusses on developing a computationally efficient parametric average-value model of synchronous machine-rectifier systems.
Saliency-Sensitive Parametric Average-Value Modeling of Salient Machine-Rectifier Systems--Part I: Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Ojo Isuje
Published: August 2022

This research focusses on developing a computationally efficient average-value model of synchronous machine-rectifier systems.
Saliency-Sensitive Parametric Average-Value Modeling of Machine-Rectifier Systems--Part II: Model Characterization
Authors: Ojo Isuje
Published: August 2022

This paper focusses on the extraction of the essential numerical functions required to characterize the parametric average-value model of synchronous machine-rectifier systems.
دراسة مقارنة لنسبة تعلم الاداء الفني لفعالية دفع الثقل لطالبات التربية الرياضية
Authors: محمد محمد جاسم , كاظم مياسة عبد علي
Published: August 2022

إن فعالية دفع الثقل أحدى فعاليات الساحة والميدان التي تتطلب مستوى عالي من الاداء الفني ، مما يحتاج إلى جهد كبير من المدرس والمتعلمين لاتقان الاداء بشكل جيد والاحتفاظ به لاطول مدة زمنية ، وإن الأداء الفني لدفع الثقل يتكون من عدة مراحل فنية ومن أهمها مرحلة الزحلقة ووضع الدفع والدفع .وتكمن أهمية البحث في العمل على التعرف على نسبة التعلم والاحتفاظ للطالبات خلال مدد زمنية بما تعلمن من الاداء الفني لفعالية دفع الثقل لمعرفة مدى جدوى المناهج المتبعة في التعلم فضلاً عن تكوين صورة مستقبلية لاحتفاظ التعلم لمدد مستقبلية .
KAMالفجوة المعرفية بين الدول العربية والاجنبية بحسب منهجية تقييم المعرفة
Authors: الحدراوي حامد كريم , عطية سجاد محمد , عطية سجاد محمد
Published: August 2022

ليس هنالك ادنى شك بان العصر الذي نعيشه هو عصر المعرفة وعصر التنافس المعلوماتي والتكنولوجيا والابتكارات الكاسحة ، الذي اثر بشكل مباشر او غير مباشر في الحياة البشرية ، واصبح تقدم المجتمعات والدول يقاس من خلال ماتملكه من تكنولوجيا وافكار ومعرفة ونمو اقتصادي ومدى اهتمامها بالتعليم والابتكار وتحويل المجتمع الى مجتمع معرفي ، عبر تحقيق المؤشرات او المرتكزات الاساسية لاقتصاد المعرفة . هذا الامر تسبب في زيادة شدة التنافس بين دول العالم اوجد تفاوتا كبيرا في مستوى تحقيق هذه المؤشرات مما سبب وجود فجوة اطلق عليها فجوة المعرفة . تعاني منها معظم الدول العربية . ومن هنا ياتي هذا البحث كمحاولة لتشخيص وقياس حجم الفجوة المعرفية ومؤشراتها التي تعاني منها الدول العربية بالمقارنة مع الدول الاجنبية ، وشمل البحث جميع الدول العربية التي تتوفر عنها بيانات ضمن برنامج البنك الدولي لتقييم المعرفة (KAM) والتي يقدر عددها (16) دولة . ومن اهم النتائج التي توصل اليها البحث ان هنالك فجوة معرفية كبيرة ، ووجود حالة من عدم التوازن لمرتكزات اقتصاد المعرفة ، وان هنالك بعض الدول العربية استطاعت من بذل جهود ادت الى رفع مراتبها العالمية ،الا ان هذه الجهود لاتزال ضعيفة طبقا للمقاييس العالمية .There is no doubt that this era is the age of knowledge and competition of informational technology and disruptive innovations, which impacted directly or indirectly to human life, and became the progress of societies and states measured by technology and ideas, knowledge and economic growth and the extent of their interest in education, innovation and transfer society to a knowledge society, through the achievement of pillars of the knowledge economy. This matter caused competition between countries and great variation in the level of achievement of these indicators, causing a gap called the knowledge gap in most of the Arab countries.This research comes as an attempt to diagnose and measure the size of the knowledge gap and its indicators that Arab countries suffered from, and research involved all the Arab countries for which data are available within the program of the World Bank (knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM)) for (16) country. The most important findings Find that there is a wide knowledge gap, and the existence of a state of imbalance of the pillars of the knowledge economy, and there are some Arab countries were able to efforts led to the lifting or less the world, but these efforts are still weak according to the international standards.
منهجية المسعودي في عرض المادة التأريخية ونقدها من خلال كتابه ( التنبيه والاشراف )
Authors: الغزالي مشتاق بشير , علي العباسي عدنان حسن
Published: August 2022

التنبيه والاشراف هو احد الكتب القيمة التي انجزها المسعودي ، وهو في حقيقة أمره مختصر لما تم تأليفه من كتب سابقه . ولان المسعودي صاحب اسلوب ومنهج متميز في الكتابة التاريخية ، اردنا ان نقف على منهجيته في عرض المادة التاريخية واسلوبه في نقدها . فهو يختلف في منهجه عن كبار المؤرخين كالطبري وابن الاثير من خلال توضيحه ، وتعليله ، وتفسيره للكثير من المصطلحات ، والاسماء ، والاحداث الغير واضحة امام القارئ ،وهذا ما وجدناه بشكل واضح من خلال متابعتنا للمادة التاريخية التي عرضها في كتابه التنبيه والاشراف .Al-Masuedy procedures to interpretate and critique the historical subject by his book “Al-tanbeh wa Al-Ishraf ““Al-tanbeh wa Al-ishraf “ is one of the most valuable books which had been achieved by Al-Maseudy . Actually , it is abrief for the previous books that they were published by Al-Maseudy .As Al-Maseudy has adistinct way and manner to the historical writings ; so we are stopped by his manner to view the subject and his style to critique this matter .He was differentiated from the other writers such as “Al-Tibary and Ibn-Al-Atheer” by his writing justifying and his interpretations to the mod(not cleer) or obevious words , names and events to the reader . clearly , that we find by our reading and continueing with the historical subject of “Al-tanbah we Al-ishraf “ book for Al-Masuedy .