bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of heavy metals in tomatoes cultivated under green houses and human health risk assessment
Authors: Bounar A. , Boukaka K. , Leghouchi E.
Published: May 2020

The present work aims to assess the levels of some heavy metals in agricultural soils and Tomatoes in Jijel (Algeria). The soil samples were extracted by aqua regia and fluorhydric acid methods. The tomato’s digestion was realised by the Hoening methods. Lead, Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc levels were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. According to the integrated pollution index, all the sites are slightly polluted by heavy metals. In tomatoes, lead (Pb) and Cd concentrations exceeded the standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO)/Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In general, the hazard indexes in all the studied area are less than 1, signifying that it is not risky for the people to consume these elements. However, the hazard quotients for Cd in sites 5, 6 and 7 are greater than 1, suggesting that inhabitants are experiencing a significant potential health risk especially from the consumption of tomatoes cultivated in these sites. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted on the agricultural soils of Jijel, and this could serve as a reference for future studies to monitor pollution in Jijel and its surrounding areas.
Universal Screening of SARS-CoV-2 of Oncology Healthcare Workers — a Brazilian experience
Authors: Ismael Carla , Silva Pedro Alexandre Ismael Amaral , Silva Catarina Marchon da , Melo Mauro Sergio Vieira de , Neto Bernardino Alves Ferreira , Melo Julio Vieira de , Macario Renato , Souza Vinicius Agibert de , Moura Livia Machado , Domenge Christian
Published: May 2020

The first confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Brazil and Latin America was reported on February 26, 2020, in São Paulo. The outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has placed unprecedented strain on health-care services worldwide. Asymptomatic health-care workers (HCW) are a potential source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, especially to immunocompromised Oncology patients. Screening of these HCWs may help contain transmission and isolate only those who require it.

At Centro de Terapia Oncológica (CTO), an Oncology clinic in Petrópolis, RJ —Brazil, all HCWs were screened for SARS-CoV-2 in order to isolate those who were asymptomatic/symptomatic and positive for the virus. They were all tested through IgM/IgG rapid testing and those who had symptoms were also tested with nasopharyngeal swabs for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests besides IgM/IgG reactivity.

Amongst the 60 tested employees, 4 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and were isolated. This method may be useful for health-care services to detect asymptomatic HCW and maintain workers’ and patients’ health, as transmission probability could be reduced while avoiding becoming short-staffed during this time of crisis.
El lenguaje como creador de realidades y opinión pública: análisis crítico a la luz del actual ecosistema mediático
Authors: Civila Sabina , Romero-Rodriguez Luis Miguel , Aguaded Ignacio
Published: May 2020

Este trabajo analiza cómo los medios de comunicación construyen realidad social mediante el lenguaje. La realidad social es revisada como un constructo discursivo fundamentado en el principio antrópico de la información y en el axioma watzlawickiano de que “es imposible no comunicar”. Se tiene como objetivo principal analizar cómo el concepto de “opinión pública” ha evolucionado con el desarrollo de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC). Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión crítica de la literatura científica, realizando un mapeo por las bases de datos WoS y Scopus, para luego determinar a partir de un estado de la cuestión cómo se forman las nuevas definiciones de opinión pública, entendiendo así el ecosistema mediático y las interacciones de los individuos en el plano de la comunicación digital. Como conclusión principal se destaca que la opinión pública ya no es solo creada unidireccional y monopólicamente a través de los medios de comunicación convencionales, sino también con la interacción y participación de la “audiencia prosumidora” en el seno de las redes sociales. Sin embargo, esto no es indicativo de que se ha perdido por completo el rol de los medios de comunicación en el control social a través de estrategias como el framing  (encuadre) y priming (priorización) e incluso han surgido, a partir de esta construcción interactiva de las realidades, nuevos vicios informativos como las fake news (noticias falsas).
Comunicación, patrimonio e identidad: discurso de la prensa respecto a la Fiesta Nacional del Cemento en Olavarría, Argentina
Authors: Giacomasso María Vanesa , Lemiez Griselda , Conforti María Eugenia
Published: May 2020

El objetivo central del presente trabajo consiste en relevar los sentidos de identidad construidos en torno del territorio que comprende el partido de Olavarría (provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina), a partir de un análisis histórico que recupera el discurso de los medios de comunicación como agentes fundamentales en la socialización y consolidación de imaginarios sociales en la población. Para ello, se analiza la cobertura gráfica del Suplemento Especial del diario Tribuna que se publicó con motivo de la realización de la II Fiesta Nacional del Cemento en Olavarría (1974). Se recurrió a una metodología de análisis del discurso con el objetivo de identificar, en el relato periodístico, la manera en que se representan y se construyen significados en relación con la identidad y el patrimonio cultural local. Los principales resultados del análisis realizado demuestran el poder simbólico del relato mediático para construir, reforzar y reproducir una marca de identidad minera vinculada con la industria del cemento en el partido de Olavarría, transformándose en una parte constituyente del patrimonio histórico y cultural de la ciudad que se ha proyectado en el tiempo y que perdura hasta la actualidad. Se espera con este trabajo contribuir a las discusiones acerca del rol protagónico que ha cumplido la prensa gráfica en diferentes momentos históricos y su influencia en la identidad local.
La presencia de la ausencia. Hacia una antropología de la vida póstuma de los desaparecidos en el Perú
Authors: Delacroix Dorothée
Published: May 2020

La desaparición de personas en el Perú, producto de reclutamientos y enfrentamientos armados entre guerrillas, fuerzas del orden y paramilitares durante las décadas de 1980 y 1990 genera una ruptura de sentido en los habitantes de los Andes rurales, el cual se recupera mediante una continuidad de modos de presencia del ausente que se expresa en una particular concepción de la vida póstuma, más allá de la muerte del desaparecido. Mediante investigación de campo y entrevistas en profundidad, este artículo recupera las historias de quienes viven en lugares donde la muerte no fue pacífica ni correctamente ritualizada, es decir, donde la muerte no fue domesticada. Para entender la ambivalencia ontológica de la figura del desaparecido, ni muerto ni vivo, y las múltiples consecuencias de su liminalidad, en este artículo se muestra, por un lado, cómo las representaciones religiosas tradicionales son movilizadas y, por otro, el tipo de repertorio ritual al que se da una continuidad. Entendidas patológicamente como producto del folklor, las almas en pena no han sido consideradas como categorías interpretativas de la experiencia de la violencia. Por ello, en esta investigación se abordan los significados sociales de estos relatos como un aporte para comprender el impacto de la desaparición forzada y las formas de buscar y relacionarse con las víctimas, para reconstruir un sentido que pueda llenar, en parte, el vacío dejado por la desaparición de un ser querido, prolongando y reactivando su existencia social.
Ormanlarda zarar yapan böceklerin ekonomik etkileri: Türkiye açısından bir değerlendirme
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Atakan
Published: May 2020

Dünya kara yüzeyinin yaklaşık olarak 1/3’ünü kaplayan ve biyolojik kütlesinin de ¾’ünden fazlasını oluşturan ormanlar; odun ve odun dışı ürünler, biyolojik çeşitlilik, rekreasyonel ve estetik değerler, karbon tutma, su rejimini düzenleme gibi pek çok faydayı bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Ancak ormanların sahip olduğu bu faydaların varlığı ve sürekliliği çeşitli tahrip faktörlerince tehdit edilmektedir. Ormanlarda farklı şekil ve düzeylerde fiziki ve ekonomik zararlara da neden olan bu faktörler arasında zararlı böceklerin önemli bir yeri vardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ormanlarda zarar yapan böceklerin ekonomik etkilerinin konuya ilişkin daha önce hazırlanan bilimsel yayınlar ve ilgili belgeler kapsamında irdelenmesidir. Bu amaçla, bazı yabancı ülkeler ve Türkiye ormancılığı için hazırlanan bilimsel yayınlar (makaleler, makaleler vb.) ve belgeler (planlar, raporlar, vb.) içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Yapılan içerik analizleri sonucunda ormanlardaki böcek zararlarına bağlı piyasa odaklı ve piyasa dışı etkiler kapsamında toplam sekiz adet ekonomik etki belirleme yaklaşımı belirlenmiştir. Türkiye’de bu yaklaşımlardan sadece iki tanesine (zarar önleme ve zararla mücadele maliyetleri ile piyasa fiyatı ve işletme gelirlerine etki) ilişkin çalışma yapılmış, kalan altı farklı etki yaklaşımına rastlanmamıştır.
FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF SECTORAL ZONING INTRACITY MUNICIPALITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF MINSK)
Authors: DENISOV Denis V. , Zhuravlev Mikhail Yu. , MEDVEDEVA Natalia Yu. , MALKOV Igor I.
Published: May 2020

The authors study the spatial orientation factor in the development trajectory of administrative regions in the context of sectoral administrative division (for example, Minsk, Republic of Belarus). Due to the lack of a methodology in the Western architectural tradition for studying the factor of cardinal points in the formation of unique characteristics of administrative regions, the authors turn to ancient and modern scientific sources containing such information, including the functional topological model. The analysis showed that in the case of Minsk, urban functions show signs of sectoral differentiation depending on the factor of cardinal points at the level of district names, with the placement of industries, sleeping areas, higher education institutions, research institutes.
RESEARCH OF THE “FLOATING” BASE METHOD FOR SEDIMENTATION ON THE MODEL OF THE FOUNDATION PLATE
Authors: ISAEV Veniamin I. , MALTSEV Andrey V. , KARPOV Andrey A.
Published: May 2020

In the article, the authors propose the application of a one-dimensional problem of the theory of compression compaction of soils for the calculation of sediments of Foundation slabs of large area. The authors analyzed the existing methods for determining the depth of the compressible thickness. The author suggests an original technique to determine the depth of compressible strata and settling of the Foundation. A test bench (tray) was developed and a laboratory test was performed. The results of an experimental study of the depth of compressible thickness under slab foundations are presented. The analysis of experimental data is made. The method of calculation of compressible thickness depth, previously proposed by the authors, is confirmed.
PROBLEMS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD AND RUSSIAN AGGLOMERATION
Authors: ASTAFEVA Nonna S. , LAGUTA Irina V. , KUKARINA Elena E. , MOLEVA Natalia Yu.
Published: May 2020

The concept of agglomeration, historical and other prerequisites for its formation, the structure and dynamics of the development of a modern city are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of people living in urban structures are revealed. A comparison is made of the largest world agglomerations (Moscow, Paris, London, New York and Tokyo) in order to identify common features. The main features of Russian agglomerations are highlighted, their differences from world ones are shown, factors that contributed to the formation of domestic urbanized cities are indicated. The problems of the modern metropolis, their consequences and impact on the lifestyle of the population are considered.
ON AMENDMENTS TO THE REGULATIONS 30.13330.2016, «INTERNAL WATER PIPELINE AND SEWERAGE OF BUILDINGS. ACTUALIZED EDITION OF CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS 2.04.01-85»
Authors: STRELKOV Alexander K. , ZOTOV Yuri N. , MIKHAILOVA Irina Yu.
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the practical implementation of the results of the analysis of the relationship between the system of technical regulation in construction and the regulatory regulation of relations for the provision of public services. Changes in the current normative documentation in the sphere of water supply of apartment buildings are considered. It is shown that it is necessary to improve the methodological basis for designing inhouse systems of cold and hot water supply in an apartment building and to create a legitimate methodological tool. Recommendations for improving the regulations 30.13330.2016, «internal water pipeline and sewerage of buildings. Actualized edition of construction standards and regulations 2.04.01-85» are proposed. Changes in the Construction Regulations 30.13330.2016 and the results of their expertise are given.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE EFFECTIVE CO2 DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT IN FINE-GRAINED CONCRETE OF DIFFERENT DENSITIES
Authors: FEDOROV Pavel A.
Published: May 2020

Direct and indirect methods for determining the effective diffusion coefficient of CO2 in concrete are considered. The features of the diffusion process in a capillary-porous body are described. Based on the test results of samples of fine-grained concrete with different densities, a comparative analysis of the coefficients obtained by the main methods was carried out. The criteria for comparison were the dependence of the water-cement ratio on diffusion, as well as the rate of carbonization on time. The presence of significant deviations in the low permeability concretes of the coefficients obtained by the membrane methods of 72 % and the electrical conductivity of concrete saturated with electrolyte 85 % in the low permeability concrete from the values obtained by the carbonization method was established.
Modelling and Control of Proposed Two Dodecacopter Systems
Authors: Yıldırım Şahin , Çabuk Nihat , Bakırcıoğlu Veli
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, the use of multi-propellers has been increased, because of some basic advantages such as vertical take-off and landing, simple mechanical structure. In addition, different usage fields such as carrying an object and making video records over the cities. This paper exposes design and control of two different multi propeller systems and both systems have 12 rotors to carry more load. In first, all motors are arranged at identical angles in the same plane. In the other, the motors are mounted in two groups, eight and four in two different planes, the lower and upper. Flight performances of these two different UAVs were compared under disturbing effect. It was observed that the flight performances were close in the simulation study. Although the average and maximum of the position errors for three axes in the first model was less than the other, for the same propeller dimensions, the first model must have larger dimensions than the other in the context of the smallest vehicle dimensions.
‘Failed Interviews’
Authors: Mustata Dana
Published: May 2020

This article zooms into the practice and historiographical implications of doing television history with women. Drawing primarily upon interviews with women having worked at Romanian television during communism, the article develops a conceptual understanding of ‘feminine voices’ as primary sources into television history. It situates these gendered historical sources within historiographical practices of accessing neglected, marginalized or silenced areas in television history, in other words, the ‘blind spots’ in the medium’s history.
What Is Not in the Archive
Authors: Van Gorp Jasmijn , Kiewik Rosita
Published: May 2020

This article discusses the pedagogy and outcome of a new assignment we introduced in the course ‘Television History Online’ at Utrecht University. We assigned the students the task to build a canon of a genre of Dutch television and create a video poster on the EUscreen portal consisting of clips that represent part of their canon. In our pedagogy, we argue that it is important to draw students’ attention to what is missing in the archive. Therefore, we offered the students the possibility to replace illegal clips with blue videos and clips of non-digital or lost television programmes with black videos in their video poster. We found evidence for an availability paradox: students let not only their selection of programmes and clips, but also the demarcation of their entire canon, be reliant on the digital, online availability of audiovisual material. At the same time, they explicitly did not want to be restricted by unavailability. In this article we stress the need for more open data and the importance of training digital literacy skills.
‘On the Road Again’
Authors: Fickers Andreas , 'O Dwyer Andy , Germain Alexandre
Published: May 2020

This video documents the authors' journey back to the origins of transnational television in Europe. Inspired by the idea of experimental media archaeology (EMA), the trip to original locations of the transnational media event known as ‘Paris-week’ in 1952 illustrates a new approach to media historiography, which aims to sensitize television historians for the material remains, topography and physical spaces of early television transmissions. Readers /viewers are invited to watch the different episodes of the authors' journey by clicking on the figures.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of contraception among nursing and para-medical staff in a tertiary care hospital of Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Garg Parul
Published: May 2020

Background: The objective of this study was to study the knowledge, attitude and practice of contraception among nursing and para-medical staff in a tertiary care hospital and also to identify factors that are associated with non-usage of contraception.Methods: The study was conducted on 100 nursing and paramedical staff working at K. D. Medical College and associated hospital at Mathura from November 2019 to January 2020. After obtaining consent, randomly selected married nursing and paramedical staff were given a pre-designed, structured questionnaire on socio-demographic variables, knowledge, attitude and practice towards contraception.Results: In the present study, out of 100 participants, 89 had awareness of contraception. Majority of them knew about condoms, followed by Copper-T/multiload and OCPs. The knowledge about contraception was mainly obtained through social media and health professionals.Conclusions: Health care providers should be equipped with recent information on all the available family planning methods through intensive in-service trainings, seminars/conferences, etc. This will get them informed and all misconceptions will be erased and in turn each health care provider will be able to make informed choice from the various options of family planning methods and practice the best suitable method.
A cross-sectional study on the pattern of recurrence in carcinoma breast patients based on molecular subtypes
Authors: Chalil Nitheesh , Ponnamma Pillai Sukumaran Nair Induchoodan , Aliyarukunju Nizarudeen , Latheef Abdul
Published: May 2020

Background: Breast cancer is a major public health issue and it is the leading cause of cancer related death in females worldwide. New insights in the cancer treatment led to considerable improvement in the survival of cancer patients. But metastasis remain an area were all sorts of conventional treatments fails and it is the cause of death of most carcinoma breast patients. In this study we aim to establish a possible link to local recurrence and distant metastasis with different biological subtypes of breast cancer.Methods: One hundred and eighty patients of carcinoma breast patients of carcinoma breast who presented with local recurrence or distant metastasis in the period of January 2018 to March 2019 in Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram were included in this study. These data were collected from the hospital records.Results: Local recurrence was most seen in triple negative (50%) subtype followed by HER2 (32.1%) enriched. Local recurrence was least among luminal A (13.8%) with a p value of 0.001. Bone metastasis was the most common type of metastasis and was most seen in luminal A (p=0.001). Triple negative had the maximum CNS metastasis with a p value of 0.003. Liver metastasis was seen mostly in luminal B (26.2%) and A (20.7%) and lung metastasis in triple negative (13.5%) and HER2/neu (10.7%). However, there was no significant association for lung or liver metastasis to any subtype.Conclusions: Biological subtypes of breast cancer classified by immunohistochemical expression of ER, PR, HER2, Ki 67 show different clinicopathological features, recurrence pattern, and survival outcomes.
Impact of coronary stent pricing regulation in a private sector health care system in India: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Nadar Shijin N. , Anney Nirav , Khan Irfan H.
Published: May 2020

Background: National pharmaceutical pricing authority of India slashed prices of coronary stents by up to 80% (February 2017) to increase affordability of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). This study aimed to assess its impact.Methods: A retrospective cohort study in a private sector tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India evaluating data of patients admitted for PCI from 13 February 2015 to 12 January 2019. Cost of undergoing PCI before and after price capping of coronary stents was analysed and studied under different subgroups along with other associated parameters.Results: Of 1015 patients included, 514 of them underwent PCI before and 497 after the price capping. 967 stents at an average 1.88 stents/case and 1011 stents at average 2.03 stents/case were implanted before and after the price capping respectively. Cost of PCI decreased by 11.64% and 28.14% in non GIPSA (private insurance providers and self-paying) and GIPSA (public sector insurance providers) category respectively under single room class and by 2.79% and 19.87% in non GIPSA and GIPSA category respectively under twin sharing room class. In multi sharing room class cost of PCI increased by 3.99% in non GIPSA category and decreased by 26.87% in GIPSA category. Usage of adjunct devices and number of complex PCIs increased significantly.Conclusions: Cost of undergoing PCI has dropped significantly after price regulation of coronary stents in most subgroups despite increased usage of adjunct devices like IVUS, FFR/iFR for better patient outcomes. There was no effect on number of PCIs performed.
Evaluation of compound tibial fractures managed with an Ilizarov ring fixator
Authors: Ravi Praveen , Ramanujam Muthumanickam , Nageswaran Jambu , Suriyakumar Sundar
Published: May 2020

Background: The tibia is the most commonly fractured long bone and because of its location and the tenuous soft tissue coverage, its more prone for open fractures tibia than any other long bone. The ideal management of such fractures still remains controversial. We have evaluated the healing of fractures and functional outcomes in patients with open tibial fractures treated with an Ilizarov ring fixator.

Methods: 32 patients who had open fractures of the tibia (II, IIIA or IIIB) who were treated with an Ilizarov fixator were included in the study. The patients were followed up for a minimum period of 1 year after removal of the fixator. Functional and radiological results were analysed using association for the study of applications of methods of Ilizarov scoring.

Results: There were 20 cases of type IIIB, 7 cases of type IIIA, 5 cases of type II fractures. Union was achieved in all patients. Mean time for union was 25.2 weeks, with faster union times in type II, type IIIA fractures. Six cases of type IIIB needed flap cover. Limb discrepancy was seen in 3 cases. 17 cases of pin tract infections were seen, most of which were grade 3 and were managed with antibiotics. Two cases had delayed union, of which one was treated with bone marrow aspirate injection and the other one with bone grafting. At one year, 21 (65.6%) had excellent results, six (18.7%) had good results, four (12.5%) had fair outcomes and one (3.2%) had a poor result.

Conclusions: Despite the associated complications, Ilizarov fixator is the ideal treatment for compound tibial fractures.
Herd Behavior and Volatility Persistence in Bombay (Mumbai) Stock Exchange
Authors: Onour Ibrahim A ,   Department of Business Administration, School of Management Studies, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Published: May 2020

This paper employs a combination of unit root tests and fractional integration techniques using the ARFIMA(p,d,q) model to test rational bubbles, which implies herd behavior, in Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The results in the paper strongly support the evidence of herd behavior in the daily, weekly, and monthly price aggregates. Moreover, the paper also investigates the degree of conditional volatility persistence using FIGARCH(p,d,q) specification to show that the persistence of shocks to stock price and dividend yield volatilities is short-termed.
Cooperative Classroom: How to Best Prepare New Generations for the 21st Century Practice
Authors: Sieglová Dagmar
Published: May 2020

The dramatic development of communication technologies and media brings new challenges to education. With easy access to information, students in the globalized world are adopting new approaches and habits in the ways they manipulate data and content. Traditional methods represented by mediating information through frontal teaching are no longer efficient, as they seem unable to develop adequate skills to organize, critically evaluate, and use accessible content. They also fail to prepare students for professional performance. It is also unlikely that the students or the social trends would adjust to the old frameworks. Education at macro as well as micro level needs to acknowledge this reality, and seek new, functional approaches to teaching and learning. Research shows that the growing amount of information easily available through modern technologies and media cause split attention and shortening of the attention span in students.
Service Innovation Processes in SMEs in Upper Austria
Authors: Fratričová Alexandra , Überwimmer Margarethe , Füreder Robert
Published: May 2020

Due to the increasing global competitiveness, companies have to continuously expand their offer of innovative products and services. Upper Austria is the most competitive region of Austria and one of the most innovative regions in Europe. Despite its success and prosperity, the local SMEs have not yet managed to exploit their full innovation potential. This paper analyses the literature background on the topic of innovation in SMEs in the spheres of management and organization, resources, collaboration, KPIs, and innovation processes, as a part of the Interreg SIP-SME (Service innovation processes for small and medium-sized enterprises) project. Subsequently, the results from the in-depth interviews with Upper Austrian innovation experts are presented and compared to the literature findings. The authors found that the experts confirmed the necessity of formalization of processes, the importance of human resources and know-how, specific organizational and managerial prerequisites, as well as the problematic areas in the measurement of innovation potential and activities. Differences were found in the aspects of company attributes and their effect on innovation success as well as the reasons of employee unwillingness and reluctance to engage in innovation activities. Problematic areas of implementing innovation in local SMEs were identified.
Serving Other People: An Empirical Study of the Impact of Service Learning on the Moral Character of Students in Japanese Higher Education-A Pilot Test
Authors: Horiuchi Kazunobu
Published: May 2020

This empirical research exercise attempted to measure the impact of service learning on the students’ sense of community service, virtue of responsibility, and the Common Good. Assessing the impact of community service on student’s attitude involved utilizing the Community Service Attitude Scale questions developed by S. H. Schwartz to measure such items as Awareness, Connectedness, Normative Helping Behavior, Seriousness, and Intentions towards community service. The impact of service learning on students’ awareness and on how it engendered in them a positive attitude towards the common good was also assessed.
Flört Şiddeti: Bir Gözden Geçirme
Authors: SET Zeynep
Published: May 2020

Kişilerarası şiddet türü olarak ele alınan flört şiddeti, partnerlerin ilişki içerisinde birbirlerine fiziksel, sözel veya duygusal şiddet uygulamaları ve davranışlarına sosyal kısıtlamalar getirmesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı, günümüzde yaygın bir sorun haline gelen flört şiddetini arttıran risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi, etkilerinin araştırılması ve uygulanan koruma programlarının etkiliklerinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla, Google Akademik, PsycArticles ve PsycInfo veritabanları taranmıştır. Araştırmalar, flört şiddetinin alkol kullanımı, geçmişte yaşanılan aile içi şiddet, akran etkileşimleri gibi bir çok farklı risk faktöründen etkilendiğini göstermektedir. Flört şiddeti her iki cinste görülmesine karşın, kadınların flört şiddetinden daha fazla mağdur oldukları görülmektedir. Bu durum kaygı, depresyon, intihar riski, madde ve alkol kullanımı, düşük benlik saygısı gibi negatif fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal etkilere sahip olabilmektedir. Flört şiddetini önlemek ve mağdurlarını korumak amaçlı geliştirilen programların etkililikleri incelendiğinde, müdahale uygulanan gruplar ile kontrol grupları arasında anlamlı farklar bulunmuştur.
Sosyal Kaynak Belleği: Sosyal Etkileşimde Bulunduğumuz Kişileri Nasıl Hatırlıyoruz?
Authors: BÜRHAN ÇAVUŞOĞLU Pınar
Published: May 2020

Kaynak belleği, bir bilgiyi diğer bilgilerden farklılaştıran, o bilginin daha çok bağlamsal özelliklerinin saklandığı bir bellek tü-rüdür. Sosyal hayatın bir parçası olan sosyal etkileşimlerden elde ettiğimiz bilgilerin kaynak belleği üzerindeki etkisi son zaman-larda araştırmacıların ilgisini çekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı sosyal kaynak belleğinin temel mekanizmalarını açıklamaya yönelik olan çalışmaları derlemektir. Bu derlemenin ilk bölümünde sosyal etkileşim ilgili öne sürülen varsayımlar özetlenmiştir. Sonraki iki bölümde sırasıyla davranış detayları verilen yüzlerin ve sosyal işbirliği oyunundan (tutsak ikileminden) elde edilen sosyal bilginin kaynak belleği performansını nasıl etkilediği incelenmiştir. Sosyal bilgiye ilişkin kaynağın izlenmesi sürecinde negatif bilgiye daha çok eğilim gösterildiği görünmektedir. Ancak bu basit bir açıklama olacaktır. Genel olarak, kaynak belleği kategorik bir hatırlama sürecini gösteriyor gibi görünmektedir. Kaynak belleğinin bütün detayları bilinen bir hatırlama sürecine işaret etmemesi bellek yanlılıklarına sebep olmaktadır. Bellek bilgisinin zayıf olduğu durumlarda bilginin kaynağını takip ede-bilmek zorlaşır. Bu gibi bir durumda bilginin kaynağını atfederken daha çok kişinin sahip olduğu şemalar, inançlar, beklentiler veya kalıp yargılar etkili olur. Bu sebeple kaynak belleği yanlılıklarını araştırmak yanlış bilgi atfını önlemek için önemlidir. Kaynak belleğinin temel işleyiş mekanizmasını anlamak özellikle görgü tanıklığı konusuna ışık tutacaktır.
Post-pleniglacial floodplain sediments in Central Belgium
Authors: HUYBRECHTS Willy
Published: May 2020

This paper presents an outline of the floodplain sediments which dominated the river environment during the last 13,000 years in the western parts of Central Belgium. It is based on literature, with special reference to the Mark River basin. River landscapes and related floodplain sediments are a combined result of changing external factors such as climate and human activity, and prevailing local geological and topographical conditions. The development of the vegetation predominantly controls the sediment and water fluxes in the catchment. After the Pleniglacial, a system of palaeovalleys developed as a result of a non-equilibrium between vegetation and climate. For more than 10,000 years, this system dominated the river landscape, while gradually being filled with organic material and sediments. Three infilling phases can be distinguished: the Gully facies, the Organic and tufa facies, and the Fluvial clay facies. The Gully facies reflects an initial time period of fluvial activity, and occupies the lowermost parts of the palaeovalley. From 9000 BP onwards, forest swamps occupied the river plains, reflecting very stable conditions in the catchments. The Organic and tufa facies was formed. During the second half of the Atlanticum, from about 6000 BP onwards, human agricultural activities greatly affected the river landscape and the hydrological system. The forest swamps disappeared and were gradually replaced by open water. The deposition of the Fluvial clay facies concluded the filling of the palaeovalley. Medieval clearings in the catchments, less than 1200 years ago, disrupted the originally stable hydrological regime of the river. The Surface loam facies was deposited during inundations, independent of the palaeovalley system.
The Holocene depositional history of the IJzer palaeovalley (Western Belgian coastal plain) with reference to the factors controlling the formation of intercalated peat beds
Authors: BAETEMAN Cecile
Published: May 2020

Detailed stratigraphic and sedimentological work, together with radiocarbon datings of the Holocene coastal deposits in the IJzer palaeovalley was performed in order to document the formation of the sedimentary sequence in relation to the controlling factors, to reveal the stratigraphical significance of intercalated peat beds, and to reconstruct the depositional history. Because of the many controversies relating to these topics, the Belgian literature has been reviewed. An initial rapid sea-level rise prior to ca. 7800 cal BP resulted in a rapid shift of the facies belts across the palaeovalley and was associated with rapid filling with no formation of intercalated peat beds. A deceleration in the rate of the sea-level rise with sufficient sediment supply produced rapid facies changes registered as frequent alternations of mud, peat and gyttja in the sedimentary sequence deposited between ca. 7800 and 6000 cal BP. The facies changes are determined by a sedimentological control related to the tidal channel and creek network, and not by sea-level fluctuations. Periods of peat growth lasted longer and the lateral extension became more widespread as deceleration of the sea-level rise and filling of the plain continued. This was associated with progradation of the shoreface from ca. 6000 cal BP onwards. Tidal conditions returned to the area from ca. 4000 cal BP onwards. This return was accompanied by erosion and landward migration of the shoreface and channel network. This study demonstrates that the tripartite stratigraphy using Dunkerque and Calais as units should be abandoned in favour of lithological and sedimentological descriptions and age determinations together with environmental interpretation.
A Hélice Quádrupla e sua relação com a visão de futuro dos Parques Científicos e Tecnológicos consolidados no Brasil
Authors: Mineiro Andréa Aparecida da Costa , Castro Cleber Carvalho de
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Entender como a sociedade, enquanto representante da HQ, atua em Parques Científicos e Tecnológicos (PCTs) consolidados a partir da percepção de seus gestores. Para tanto, foi adotado o estudo de casos múltiplos em três PCTs brasileiros consolidados.

Metodologia: Foi adotado o estudo de casos múltiplos em três PCTs brasileiros consolidados. Os dados foram coletados por meio de notas de campo, documentos e entrevistas, triangulados e submetidos a análise de conteúdo.

Resultados: Entre os resultados destacam-se as associações, profissionais liberais e coletivos como representantes da sociedade, que foi percebida de forma beneficiária e ativa, o que varia de acordo com o PCT estudado, e há fortes relações da sociedade com as concepções futuras dos PCTs.

Implicações práticas e sociais: Os PCTs tem evoluído sua função para além de um espaço de geração de emprego e renda, o futuro dos PCTs tem sido abordado como um espaço difuso na cidade e que atua extramuros, impactando diretamente a sociedade. Essa conexão com a sociedade remonta ao modelo de Hélice Quádrupla (HQ), que apresenta carências teóricas em sua representação e operacionalização, principalmente em ambientes de inovação.

Originalidade: Esse artigo contribui por elucidar as representações da sociedade e sua caracterização, trazendo a diferenciação em ambientes periféricos, além de contribuir na descrição das formas de conexão da sociedade e no apontamento de diferentes caminhos que são perseguidos para aumentar a aproximação dos PCTs à sociedade.
Preclinical Study of the Pharmacokinetics of p75ECD-Fc, a Novel Human Recombinant Protein for Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease, in Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Kelliny Sally , Lam Ho Yin , Parikh Ankit , Wang Yan-Jiang , Bobrovskaya Larisa , Upton Richard , Zhou Xin-Fu
Published: May 2020

Background:

p75ECD-Fc is a recombinant human protein that has recently been developed as a novel
therapy for Alzheimer’s disease. Current studies showed that it is able to alleviate Alzheimer’s disease pathologies in
animal models of dementia. Thus, knowledge about the pharmacokinetic behavior and tissue distribution of this
novel protein is crucial in order to better understand its pharmacodynamics and more importantly for its clinical
development.

Methods:

The aim of this study is to characterize the pharmacokinetics of p75ECD-Fc after single intravenous and
subcutaneous injection of 3mg/kg in Sprague Dawley rats. We calculated the bioavailability of the SC route and
studied the distribution of that protein in different tissues, cerebrospinal fluid and urine using ELISA and immunofluorescence
techniques. In-vitro stability of the drug was also assessed. Data obtained were analyzed with
Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic method using R.

Results:

Results showed that the bioavailability of SC route was 66.15%. Half-life time was 7.5 ± 1.7 and 6.2 ± 2.4
days for IV and SC injection, respectively. Tissue distribution of p75ECD-Fc was modest with the ability to penetrate
the blood brain barrier. It showed high in vitro stability in human plasma.

Conclusion:

These acceptable pharmacokinetic properties of p75ECD-Fc present it as a potential candidate for clinical
development for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
A Computational Approach to Investigate the HDAC6 and HDAC10 Binding Propensity of Psidium guajava-derived Compounds as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Adewole Kayode Ezekiel , Ishola Ahmed Adebayo
Published: May 2020

Background:

Different parts of Psidium guajava are consumed as food and used for medicinal purposes around the world. Although studies have reported their antiproliferative effects via different biochemical mechanisms, their modulatory effects on epigenetic modification of DNA molecules via histone deacetylases (HDACs) are largely unknown.

Objective:

This study was carried out to investigate the histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) and histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10) binding propensity of guava-derived compounds, using in silico methods, in other to identify compounds with HDAC inhibitory potentials.

Methods:

Fifty-nine guava-derived compounds and apicidin, a standard HDAC inhibitor, were docked with HDAC6 and HDAC10 using AutodockVina after modeling (SWISS-MODEL server) and validating (ERRAT and VERIFY-3D) the structure of HDAC10. Molecular interactions between the ligands and the HDACs were viewed with Discovery Studio Visualizer. Prediction of binding sites, surface structural pockets, active sites, area, shape and volume of every pocket and internal cavities of proteins was done using Computed Atlas of Surface Topography of proteins (CASTp) server, while absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) study of notable compounds was done using Swiss online ADME web tool.

Results:

2α-hydroxyursolic acid, asiatic acid, betulinic acid, crategolic acid, guajadial A and B, guavacoumaric acid, guavanoic acid, ilelatifol D, isoneriucoumaric acid, jacoumaric acid, oleanolic acid, psiguadial A, B, and C demonstrated maximum interaction with the selected HDACs. ADME studies revealed that although isoneriucoumaric and jacoumaric acid ranked very high as HDAC inhibitors, they both violated the Lipinski’s rule of 5.

Conclusion:

This study identified 13 drugable guava-derived compounds that can be enlisted for further studies as potential HDAC6 and HDAC10 inhibitors.
Research Progress in Flavonoids as Potential Anticancer Drug Including Synergy with Other Approaches
Authors: Hussain Yusuf , Luqman Suaib , Meena Abha
Published: May 2020

Background:

In chemotherapy for cancer, conventional drugs aim to target the rapidly growing and dividing cells at the early stages. However, at an advanced stage, cancer cells become less susceptible because of the multidrug resistance and the recruitment of alternative salvage pathways for their survival. Besides, owing to target non-selectivity, healthy proliferating cells also become vulnerable to the damage. The combination therapies offered using flavonoids to cure cancer not only exert an additive effect against cancer cells by targetting supplementary cell carnage pathways but also hampers the drug resistance mechanisms. Thus, the review aims to discuss the potential and pharmacokinetic limitations of flavonoids in cancer treatment. Further successful synergistic studies reported using flavonoids to treat cancer has been described along with potential drug delivery systems.

Methods:

A literature search was done by exploring various online databases like Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the specific keywords like “Anticancer drugs”, “flavonoids”, “oncology research”, and “pharmacokinetics”.

Results:

Dietary phytochemicals, mainly flavonoids, hinder cell signalling responsible for multidrug resistance and cancer progression, primarily targeting cancer cells sparing normal cells. Such properties establish flavonoids as a potential candidate for synergistic therapy. However, due to low absorption and high metabolism rates, the bioavailability of flavonoids becomes a challenge. Such challenges may be overcome using novel approaches like derivatization, and single or co-delivery nano-complexes of flavonoids with conventional drugs. These new approaches may improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of flavonoids.

Conclusion:

This review highlights the application of flavonoids as a potential anticancer phytochemical class in combination with known anti-cancer drugs/nanoparticles. It also discusses flavonoid’s pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics issues and ways to overcome such issues. Moreover, it covers successful methodologies employed to establish flavonoids as a safe and effective phytochemical class for cancer treatment.
Spectroscopic Determination of Dissociation Constants of Some 4- nitrobenzaldehyde-4-substituted phenyl-1-carbonylhydrazones in Sodium Hydroxide Media
Authors: Jankulovska Mirjana S. , Spirevska Ilinka , Dimova Vesna , Jankulovska Milena
Published: May 2020

Purpose:

Hydrazones are a class of azomethines with a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties which are influenced by pH
of the media. The purpose of this study was investigation of acid-base properties of five 4-nitrobenzaldehyde-4-substitutedphenyl1-carbonylhydrazones in sodium hydroxide media (14>pH>7).

Method:

The dissociation process was followed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, in the ethanol-water (V/V, 1:1) solutions, at room
temperature. Semiempirical methods AM1 and PM3 were applied for determination of the deprotonation enthalpies.

Results:

The changes in the UV-Vis spectra, as well as the deprotonation enthalpies, suggested that the
dissociation process for four investigated hydrazones with an amide group took place in one step. The
exception with two dissociation steps was hydrazone with amide and hydroxyl group. The pH region of
dissociation was from pH 10.8 to pH 11.6 for the first step and between pH 11.7 and pH 12.1 for the
second step of dissociation. The influence of the ethanol on the UV-Vis spectra was eliminated by the
method of Characteristic Vector Analyses (CVA). The stoichiometric dissociation constants were determined
numerically (pKHA = n·pH + logI) and graphically (intercept of the dependence of logI on
pH) from the absorbance data using experimental and reconstructed UV-Vis spectra, at three different
ionic strengths. Thermodynamic dissociation constants were estimated graphically as an intercept of
dependence of dissociation constant on the square root of the ionic strength.

Conclusion:

The obtained results demonstrated that the influence of the substituents on pKHA values
was not significant, except for hydrazone with amide and hydroxyl group. Namely, the dissociation of
the amide group of this hydrazone was retarded due to the influence of the phenolic group.
CircRNAs and Axes Involved in Thyroid Cancer based on PTC: A
Biomarker for Prognosis, Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Shojaeian Ali , Mehri-Ghahfarrokhi Ameneh , Safaei Mohsen
Published: May 2020

Background:

The circular RNAs (circRNAs) are defined as single-stranded RNA
molecules with a length of 100 bp up to 4 kb, resulting from head-to-tail junctions at splice sites
of spliced transcripts. Moreover, they are stable and abundant conserved RNA molecules, which
often have tissue-specific expression and developmental stages. Dysregulation of circRNAs has
been identified in many types of malignancies that mainly affect the progression of human
cancers.

Methods:

This review was prepared via searching of the databases of Science Direct, Directory
of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Google Scholar, Pub-Med (NLM), Scopus, Web of Science,
and hand searching using relative keywords. The selected papers were fully reviewed and
required information for the review was extracted and summarized.

Results:

Previous studies indicated that BRAF-activated non-protein coding RNA (BANCR) expression
had been increased in thyroid tumors compared with adjacent normal tissues.
Additionally, BANCR had mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through regulating
the expression of epithelial (E)-cadherin, vimentin, and neuronal (N)-cadherin. Moreover, H19
was an example of a lncRNA that could function either as a tumor promoter or suppressor. An
important part of this study was dedicated to reviewing signaling pathways involved in TC including
extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase
(ERK/MAPK), transforming growth factor-β/ (TGF-ß)/Smads, the Janus kinase/signal transducers
and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), P53, as well as other pathways.

:

Additionally, BANCR had mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through regulating
the expression of epithelial (E)-cadherin, vimentin, and neuronal (N)-cadherin. Moreover, H19
was an example of a lncRNA that could function either as a tumor promoter or suppressor. An
important part of this study was dedicated to reviewing signaling pathways involved in TC including
extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase
(ERK/MAPK), transforming growth factor-β/ (TGF-ß)/Smads, the Janus kinase/signal transducers
and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), P53, as well as other pathways.

Conclusion:

Briefly, this study provided an overview of the current understanding of the function
of lncRNA and micro RNAs (miRNAs) along with their interactions in TC.