bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemberdayaan Community-Based Womanpreneur: Efektivitas Pada Produksi Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) Omah Batik Mojo Dengan Menggunakan Canting Cap Di Desa Mojowangi Kecamatan Mojowarno-Kabupaten Jombang
Authors: Rahadiyanti Melani , Soelistyowati Soelistyowati , Sudyasjayanti Christina
Published: November 2024

Program Pengabdian masyarakat ini,  didapatkan dari Hibah Direktorat Riset, Teknologi, dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. Bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas berbasis komunitas terhadap womanpreneur pada Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) Omah Batik Mojo di Desa Mojowangi, Kecamatan Mojowarno, Kabupaten Jombang. Fokus pengabdian masyarakat pada Permasalahan pada manajemen, 1). Lemahnya jiwa entrepreneur, 2). Kurangnya kegiatan di Omah Batik KUBE, sehingga anggotanya tidak aktif. Dan 3) Permasalahan Sosial kemasyarakatan, kurangnya nilai jual dan minat konsumen menurun karena kurangnya promosi. Motif yang miliki oleh KUBE Omah Batik Mojo, terbatas motif  kurang bervariasi. Kendala lamanya dalam berproduksi, keterbatasan bahan dan alat  masih tradisional, meningkat kebutuhan pasar yang terus berkembang. Solusinya penggunaan teknik canting cap batik sebagai upaya meningkatkan produktivitas dan kemandirian ekonomi perempuan. Metode menggunakan canting cap dipilih karena lebih efisien dibandingkan dengan canting tulis, sehingga dapat meningkatkan jumlah produksi dan konsistensi motif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberdayaan perempuan melalui KUBE Omah Batik Mojo memiliki dampak positif dalam peningkatan keterampilan dan kapasitas wirausaha perempuan. Penggunaan canting cap terbukti efektif mempercepat proses produksi, menghasilkan motif yang beragam, sehingga meningkatkan pendapatan anggota KUBE. Pemberdayaan ini berkontribusi untuk peningkatan kemandirian ekonomi perempuan pada komunitas. Tantangan  pemasaran persaingan pada produk batik massal tetap perlu diatasi. Pemberdayaan perempuan melalui KUBE Omah Batik Mojo dapat dioptimalkan dengan strategi pengembangan pemasaran digital, peningkatan kualitas produk, dan kemitraan dengan pihak eksternal untuk mendukung pertumbuhan usaha. Pemberdayaan ini tidak hanya memberdayakan perempuan secara ekonomi, tetapi juga mempertahankan nilai budaya batik lokal.
Fatores Associados a Baixa Adesão no Tratamento Medicamentoso em Idosos com Diagnostico em Diabetes Mellitus 1 e 2
Authors: Arruda Everimara Sampaio
Published: November 2024

Introdução: O envelhecimento não seja sinônimo de adoecimento, nos idosos ocorre um aumento da vulnerabilidade clínico-funcional e da predisposição às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Objetivo geral: conhecer os fatores associados a baixa adesão no tratamento medicamentoso em idosos com o diagnostico em diabetes mellitus 1 e 2. Metodologia: A coleta dos dados para a composiçaõ dessa pesquisa bibliográfica ocorreu através da exploração da base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Biblioteca Cientifica Eletrônica Virtual (SCIELO) e Literatura Latino- Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Resultados e Discussão: a  não  adesão  ao  tratamento  farmacológico   produz   resultados  considerados complexos,  custosos  e  multidimensionais,  sendo  derivada,  principalmente,  da  falta  de crédito  na  eficácia  e  segurança  do  medicamento  pelo  paciente,  como  produto  de  fatores como educação em saúde  deficiente, desconhecimento e subestimação da doença, falta de incentivo  ao  uso  da  medicação  por  profissionais  de  saúde,  problemas  na  distribuição  da medicação  em  unidades  de  saúde,  dentre  outras  coisas. Considerações Finais: Através do desenvolvimento desse estudo ficou evidenciado que a diabetes tipo 1 e 2 são prevalentes em idosos, sendo esse público passível da baixa adesão do tratamento medicamentoso e não medicamentoso.
Outcomes of Treatment of Intra-Articular Distal Radius Fractures with Volar Locked Plates in Patients Above 50 Years
Authors: Dursun Muhsin
Published: November 2024

Objective: Outcomes of the treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures seen in patients above 50 years with volar locked plates were evaluated.  Study design: Twenty Eight patients (8 female and 20 male) treated in our clinic with volar locked plates because of intra-articular distal radius fractures were evaluated after a 17-month (range 8-30 months) follow-up. Mean age of the patients was 45.2 (range 50-64) years. Fractures were classified according to Frykman and AO classifications. According to the Frykman classification, 2 patients had type 3 (7%), 1 patient had type 4 (5.5%), 14 patients had type 7 (50%) and 11 patients had type 8 (37.5%) fractures. According to the AO classification, 6 patients had B2 (23.5%), 4 patients had C1 (14%), 11 patients had C2 (37.5%) and 7 patients had C3 (25%) fractures. All patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically. Clinical outcomes of the patients were evaluated using Gartland and Werley’s evaluation scores and DASH-T scores. Radiologic outcomes were evaluated according to the radiologic evaluation criteria modified by Steward et al.  Results: According to the evaluation scores of Gartland and Werley, 20 patients yielded excellent (72%), 5 patients good (18%) and 3 patients moderate (10%) results. Mean DASH-T score of the patients was 34 (range 31 to 40).  Conclusions: Treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures seen above 50 years of age with volar locked plates is an efficient and safe method. Use of volar locked plates reduces the complication risk of reduction loss and need for grafts in osteoporotic fractures.
Developing Assessment Criteria for Self-Regulated Learning
Authors: Davaanyam Azzaya
Published: November 2024

Providing students with independence, education, and maturity is the top priority of any educational institution, parent, and teacher. To detect this, it is necessary to develop and evaluate special criteria. A method with 5 criteria each, each with 3 contents, was developed to detect self-regulated learning from students and its nature was determined. With a reliability index of 0.9 or an excellent criterion, an attempt to detect the level of self-regulated learning from 1010 adolescent students was found to be 50.1 percent, which is insufficient. Therefore, it was determined that it is important to implement a pilot study to support self- regulated learning.
Comparative Study of the Phytochemical Contents and Selected Micronutrient Contents of Vernonia amygdalina (Onugbu Leaf) and Pterocarpus mildbreadii (Oha Leaf) Brought from Igbariam, Anambra State
Authors: P. M. Nwafor, , V. C. Ezeanyanwu , A. I. Obodoeze,
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is conducting a comparative study on the nutritional compositions of bitterleaf (Vernonia amygdalina) and oha leaf (Pterocarpus mildbraedii), focusing on its phytochemicals and micronutrients so as to determine their nutritional value, the bioactive compounds present in them and relate them to their health benefits. The collected leaf samples of V. amygdalina and P. mildbreadii were divided into three parts each, for the phytochemicals, vitamin and mineral determination. The oils of the grounded leaf samples were extracted using soxhlet extraction method and the phytochemical contents of the leaves were analyzed using GC-FID. Vitamin A and Vitamin E absorbance were measured at mg/L using a UV- spectrophotometer at different wavelength while Vitamin C was titrated and measured at mg/100ml. The samples were also digested for the mineral analysis and their filtrates were placed in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the absorbance of the different elements contained in the samples was measured at mg/L. The results indicated that bitter leaf was high in flavonoid, alkaloid and kaempferol having values of 15.877 ± 0.011, 15.577 ± 0.006 and 13.890 ± 0.004, respectively while the oha leaf was high in kaempferol, sapogenin and phenol having values of 16.873 ± 0.001, 15.125 ± 0.001 and 14.779 ± 0.001, respectively. The Vitamin A (mg/L),Vitamin E (mg/L) and Vitamin C (mg/100) values of bitter leaf and oha leaf were 18.579, 22.120,1174.493 and 20.323, 25.918, 1275.235 respectively. The mineral levels of V. amygdalina and P. mildbraedii revealed significant amounts of magnesium and potassium having higher values of 4.779mg/L, 3.265mg/L and 3.782mg/L, 2.712mg/L respectively. Iron and zinc were not present in the P. mildbreadii leaves while copper, iron and sodium were not present in the V. amygdalina leaves. The evaluation of the leaves of V. amygdalina and P. mildbreadii showed that the leaves had high phytochemical, mineral and vitamin contents. However, the difference between the two samples on their phytochemical and micronutrient composition had significant variations at p<0.05. The result of this analysis will aid to inform the consumers on the appropraite usage of this leaves for optimal nutritional yield. It should also be recommended by food nutritionist as part of a dietary plan so as to help boost the immune system and support other body processes.
Deficiencias minerales en el cafeto y la manera de corregirlas
Authors: Valencia Aristizabal German
Published: November 2024

Se ilustran a todo color y se describen las deficiencias de N, de P, de K, de Ca, de Mg, de Fe, de B, de Zn en hojas de café y se dan indicaciones para evitarlas y corregirlas.
Enhancing Wheat Productivity in Pakistan through Nitrogen Management and NDVI Monitoring with Green Seeker
Authors: Ahmed Ansaar , Ali Murad , Basir Abdul , Hussain Imtiaz , Tiwari Thakur Parsad
Published: November 2024

Enhancing sustainability in modern farming systems, it is crucial to minimize environmental pollution from nitrogenous fertilizers by optimizing their application rates. The cost of production for wheat is increasing in Pakistan due to irrational use of nitrogen fertilizers by farming community which are costly and sometimes lead to high vegetative growth causing severe lodging thereby reducing yield. Optimum use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is therefore empirical to improve the productivity of wheat at a reasonable cost. A field study for two-year was conducted at Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad to manage N fertilizers to enhance nitrogen use efficiency and improve financial return. A sensor-based nitrogen application using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was compared with farmer practice by using T-test. Results revealed that there was 29% reduction in the use of N and an increase of 12 % in wheat grain yield. Increase in yield with sensor base fertilization improved nitrogen uptake efficiency (39%) and nitrogen fertilizer productivity (59 %) compared to farmer-based N application. The sensor-based management system and the farmer's practices had nitrogen-use efficiencies of 49% and 44%, respectively. The highest net benefits (US$789), benefit cost ratio (1.92) and resource use efficiency (0.864) in sensor-based application of N revealed that the nitrogen management with the help of Green Seeker could be a viable option for enhancing NUE, financial returns and reduction of environmental contamination.
Effect of calcium on quality parameters in three varieties of tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. at harvest and after four and eight months of cold storage conservation
Authors: Coelho Ana Rita F. , Lidon Fernando Cebola , Daccak Diana , Luís Inês Carmo , Marques Ana Coelho , Pessoa Cláudia Campos , Silva Maria Manuela , Simões Maria Manuela , Legoinha Paulo , Ramalho José Cochicho , Pais Isabel P. , Semedo José Manuel N. , Scotti-Campos Paula , Gonçalves Elsa M. , Alvarenga Nuno , Gomes Sandra Fernandes , Reboredo Fernando Henrique
Published: November 2024

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is one of the most important food crops worldwide, being a carbohydrate-rich food and  resenting a good source of vitamins and minerals. Moreover, the mineral enrichment of potatoes through foliar application  as been implemented over the years, namely in calcium (Ca). As such, this study aimed to assess the Ca effect on some  uality parameters in three varieties of tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. plants produced in Portugal (Agria, Picasso, and  ossi) and submitted to Ca biofortification process carried out with two types of Ca (CaCl2 and Ca-EDTA) and two different  oncentrations (12 and 24 kg.ha-1), at harvest and after four and eight months under cold storage conservation. The Ca  ontent increased with the biofortification treatments in the three varieties relative to control tubers and different  orrelations were observed between the mineral elements analyzed (Ca, P, K, Fe, Zn, and Mg). Only Agria (the control and  reatment with 24 kg.ha-1 of Ca-EDTA) was found suitable for industrial processing in the three periods analyzed (harvest, 4M and 8M) and overall, both in raw and cooked tubers, there were differences between each variety considering the work strength, adhesiveness and CIELAB parameters (L, a*, and b*).
Practice Being a Leader With Vision
Authors: Steinbock Karen
Published: November 2024

Successful leaders who consistently make great decisions are skilled at seeing and considering a diverse set of options. This column explores how maintaining a broad field of vision helps leaders recognize possibilities and offers an exercise for practicing and developing this skill.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2024;55(12):563–564.]
Comparison of Neovascularization Detection in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Using Widefield Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Fluorescein Angiography Among Ophthalmology Residents at a Single Institution
Authors: Wai Karen M. , Moon Jade Y. , Garg Itika , Cui Ying , Katz Raviv , Zhu Ying , Lu Edward S. , Zeng Rebecca , Wu David M. , Husain Deeba , Vavvas Demetrios G. , Miller John B.
Published: November 2024

Background and Objective

This study compares the ability of resident ophthalmologists to identify neovascularization (NV) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) using widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) and fluorescein angiography (FA).

Patients and Methods

Fluorescein angiography and SS-OCTA images were scrambled to create a grading set consisting of 1) early and late phase FA images, 2) B-scan videos, and 3) vitreoretinal interface (VRI) slab. Participants were asked to identify NV.

Results

Twelve resident physicians participated in the study. Resident physicians correctly identified 75.6% of NV using FA, 65.3% of NV using SS-OCTA B-scans, and 90.7% of NV using the SSOCTA VRI slab. There was no statistically significant difference in participants' ability to detect NV across imaging modalities (
P
= 0.08).

Conclusion

Detection rates of NV using SS-OCTA were comparable to that of using FA. Results suggest that SS-OCTA may be an appropriate imaging modality for detection of NV in PDR patients.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2024;55:XX–XX.]
Biodecomposition with Phanerochaete chrysosporium: A review
Authors: Konan Delon , Ndao Adama , Koffi Ekoun , Elkoun Saïd , Robert Mathieu , Rodrigue Denis , Adjallé Kokou
Published: November 2024

Phanerochaete chrysosporium is considered the model fungus for white rot fungi. It is the first basidiomycete whose genome has been completely sequenced. Its importance lies in the fact that its enzymatic system comprises the major enzymes involved in lignin degradation. Lignin is a complex and highly recalcitrant compound that very few living organisms are capable of degrading naturally. On the other hand, the enzymes produced by P. chrysosporium are also powerful agents for the mineralization into CO2 and H2O of a wide range of aromatic compounds. However, these aromatic compounds are largely xenobiotic compounds with documented toxic effects on the environment and health. While the economic and environmental benefits of biodegradation with P. chrysosporium are well established, a thorough understanding of P. chrysosporium and its biodegradation processes is essential for successful biodegradation. Our aim of this critical literature review is to provide a concise and comprehensive insight of biodecomposition of organic substrate by P. chrysosporium.
Kant on Pure Apperception and Indeterminate Empirical Inner Intuition
Authors: Liang Yibin
Published: November 2024

It is well known that Kant distinguishes between two kinds of self-consciousness: transcendental apperception and empirical apperception (or, approximately, inner sense). However, Kant sometimes claims that “I think,” the general expression of transcendental apperception, expresses an indeterminate empirical inner intuition (IEI), which differs in crucial ways from the empirical inner intuition produced by inner sense. Such claims undermine Kant’s conceptual framework and constitute a recalcitrant obstacle to understanding his theory of self-consciousness. This paper analyzes the relevant passages, evaluates the major interpretations of IEI, revisits the notion of pure apperception, and proposes an alternative reading: IEI is a ubiquitous, nonfocal, “obscure,” and empirical inner intuition that is built into all nonintrospective conscious states. This reading can successfully account for the peculiarities of IEI, resolving a major mystery in Kant’s theory of self-consciousness.
Underspecification and Communication
Authors: Buchanan Ray
Published: November 2024

It has recently been argued that our use of vague language poses an intractable problem for any account of content and communication on which (i) the things we assert are propositions and (ii) understanding an assertion requires recognizing which proposition the speaker asserted. John MacFarlane has argued that this problem concerning vague language is itself a species of an even more general problem for such traditional accounts—the problem posed by “felicitous” underspecification. Repurposing certain ideas from Allan Gibbard, MacFarlane offers a novel theory of vagueness, plan-expressivism, as an account that can handle both vagueness and such underspecification in communication.
In this paper, I argue that despite its many virtues, plan-expressivism fails as a general account of meaning and communication. In particular, I show that when it comes to the problem of felicitous underspecification, plan-expressivism fares no better than the more traditional accounts of content and communication it is intended to replace. Along the way, I argue that the problem of felicitous underspecification puts considerable pressure on an assumption that is at the core of both plan-expressivism and the accounts of its more traditionalist rivals – namely, that in cases of successful linguistic communication, we must always be able to find something – whether a propositional content or a conversational update – that the speaker is intending to share with her audience.
Expert Assertion and Knowledge
Authors: Bird Alexander , Hills Alison
Published: November 2024

Jennifer Lackey argues that knowing that p is not sufficient for being epistemically properly positioned to assert that p. Where that knowledge is entirely second-hand and the subject is an expert, the subject is not properly positioned to make such an assertion—since experts are held to higher epistemic standards. We reject Lackey’s argument. In particular, we argue that the division of labour in science makes isolated, second-hand assertions by experts both inevitable and frequent.
« l'âme de ce temps, le centre de ce monde » : la femme au xviiie siècle ou la mode contre l’histoire
Authors: Reverzy Eléonore
Published: November 2024

Dans La Femme au xviiie siècle, la femme incarne l’époque. Elle inspire et régit la société et paraît à ces titres « le centre de ce monde » qu’est la société du xviiie siècle. À ce titre, cette incarnation du siècle est bien une arme de guerre contre le siècle suivant, ce xixe siècle bourgeois dans lequel vivent et écrivent les deux frères. Elle est aussi un moyen de décrire les mœurs et de raconter l’histoire, notamment à travers les modes. Elle trouve enfin ses traits dans le visage de Marie-Antoinette. Le xviiie siècle est à l’évidence du côté du féminin pour les Goncourt, ce qui se lit aussi dans leurs travaux sur l’art.
Business Analysis for Digital Transformation Initiatives
Authors: Tran Minh Tung
Published: November 2024

Digital transformation (DX) is reshaping businesses across all industries. However, many DX initiatives fail to achieve their desired outcomes. Business analysis (BA) plays a critical role in bridging the gap between strategic vision and successful execution in these initiatives. This article explores the value proposition of BA for DX projects, focusing on key areas of contribution. It outlines a framework for integrating BA practices throughout the DX lifecycle, from strategy definition to solution implementation. The article concludes by discussing the evolving skillset required for business analysts to navigate the complexities of DX initiatives.
Importance and Application of Machine Learning and Pattern Recognition in Business Intelligence Models to Transform the Real World for Decision-Making
Authors: Raghuvanshi Kartikey , Malik Ayasha , Parihar Veena
Published: November 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of business intelligence, the integration of Machine Learning (ML) and pattern recognition techniques has emerged as a transformative force, revolutionizing decision-making processes across various industries. This paper explores the crucial role played by ML and pattern recognition in enhancing the capabilities of business intelligence models, with a focus on their practical applications and impact on real-world scenarios. The importance of accurate and timely decision-making in today's dynamic business environment cannot be overstated. Traditional business intelligence systems have limitations in handling the complexity and volume of data generated daily. ML algorithms, with their ability to analyze vast datasets and identify intricate patterns, offer a solution to this challenge. Through the application of supervised and unsupervised learning techniques, businesses can extract valuable insights from data, enabling informed and strategic decision-making.
Machine Learning-Based Framework for Human Activity Recognition
Authors: Harini Allampalli , Venkata Manjula Devarakonda , Kondababu Doodala
Published: November 2024

This chapter proposes a novel Machine Learning-based Framework for Human Activity Recognition tailored to address the complexities and challenges inherent in accurately identifying and categorizing human activities from sensor data. ML-HARF integrates advanced machine learning algorithms with a comprehensive data preprocessing pipeline to extract meaningful features from raw sensor data. Leveraging a diverse array of sensor modalities, including accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers-HARF captures rich spatiotemporal patterns characteristic of human activities. The framework employs a hierarchical classification approach, wherein low-level features are initially extracted and subsequently aggregated to infer higher-level activity labels.ML-HARF outperforms other methods in extensive experiments on benchmark datasets, attaining state-of-the-art accuracy rates in a variety of activity recognition tasks In real-world applications like sports analytics, healthcare monitoring and human-computer interaction systems, the framework's efficiency and scalability are also demonstrated.
Revolutionizing Business Models Through Data-Driven Innovation
Authors: Sala Giulia Rita , Barabuffi Saverio , Ferrigno Giulio , Marcazzan Enrico
Published: November 2024

This book chapter explores the shifting contours of big data monetization in the digital transformation era, focusing on the Human Data Income (Hudi) model. Based on the literature on big data and innovation management, as well as on the so-called Data-Driven Innovation framework, this chapter explores the challenges that are inherent in the process of turning personal information into an asset. To better understand these challenges, it carries a deep case study analysis for Hudi and assesses what the business model does to individuals, businesses, and society as a whole and gives valued insights into the monetization of data and value creation. Drawing on these results, the chapter helps in contributing to a more grounded understanding of the opportunities, challenges, and consequences that come innately with the evolving landscape of data economy, shaping future discussions and research engagements in this field.
Characterization and Fungicide Sensitivity of Fusaria Causing Collar Canker and Dieback in Tea
Authors: Sinniah G D , Munasinghe C E , Niranjan M , Jayasinghe S K , Kulathanga D C M , Thushari W S , Liyanage E
Published: November 2024

A collar canker and associated dieback has emerged recently in tea in certain Up and Mid-Country tea growing regions of Sri Lanka. This study was aimed to identify and characterize the pathogens associated with the problem in Mid-Country and evaluate the efficacy of Bitertanol, Hexaconazole, Pyraclostrobin, Tebuconazole and Copper hydroxide fungicides against them. Of a total 96 isolates obtained from symptomatic tissues, randomly selected 09 isolates along with already characterized 4 isolates were used for molecular characterization. Phylogenetic analysis using concatenated ITS and tef sequences further confirmed the pathogens as the members of Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) clade 3. Growth characterization was performed with 04 representative isolates. The optimum temperature range and pH for growth and sporulation of the isolates were 26 to 30°C and 5.5, respectively. Tebuconazole at 0.05 % (500 ppm) effectively controlled the disease in field. The findings of the study will help to intervene and reduce the economic impact of this recently emerged disease of tea.
Review on Research Carried Out by the Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka on Climate Change Impacts and the Need of Implementing Good Agricultural Practices
Authors: Wijeratne T L
Published: November 2024

Recent placement of Sri Lanka at the 2nd place in the global climate risk index 2018 indicates the possibility of occurrence of frequent extreme weather events. Being a rain-fed plantation crop grown in different regions, vulnerability of tea plantations for impacts of climate change would be significant. Taking timely precautions on adaptation and mitigation measures for the reduction of adverse impacts of climate change, is therefore important. This paper will present a review of climate change research conducted on tea by the Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka to update the knowledge and to identify the gaps. Additionally, the paper will present information on carbon sequestration potential and provisional carbon budget for tea plantations in view of assuring sustainability of the industry. It was re-confirmed that tea plantations are carbon negative or climate positive. Proper establishment and management of both high and medium shade trees in the plantations will not only enhance physiology of the tea plants resulting higher yield, but also contribute significantly for maintaining negative carbon balance or environmentally positiveness.
Fruit flies (Diptera: Teprithidae) and their parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) species from registered snake fruit production during early rainy and dry seasons in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Handaru Oka Dwi , Witjaksono Witjaksono , Arum Dinta Dewi , Triyana Kuwat , Suputa Suputa
Published: November 2024

Exportation of snake fruit from Indonesia to China, Australia, and New Zealand has been hindered due to fruit fly infestations (Diptera: Teprithidae). The goal of this study was to identify fruit flies and their parasitoid species from registered snake fruit productions in Turi, Sleman, that have reached packaging houses during early rainy and dry seasons. Fruit fly species were morphologically identified from collected rejected or damaged snake fruit. Parasitization was calculated by dividing the number of emerging parasitoid species by the total number of parasitoid and fruit fly individuals. The population of fruit flies and parasitoids was then compared to climatic data. Female fruit flies that emerged from snake fruit possessed spots on their front preapical femur, concluding that these species were Bactrocera carambolae. The average fruit fly that emerged per fruit was 16.5 individuals. Only one parasitoid species emerged and possessed notauli on mesonotum that elongated to the center and petiole and longitudinal metasomal tergum 2, implying that this parasitoid species was Fopius arisanus with an average population of 5.71 individuals with a parasitization percentage of 26.86%. Results from this research concluded that the fruit fly species collected from registered snake fruit productions in Turi, Sleman, during the early rainy season and dry season was Bactrocera carambolae with a low parasitization level by Fopius arisanus. This parasitization level may be affected by fruit fly density and climatic factors, such as humidity and rainfall.
A report on preparation, expansion and future outlook of COVID-19 testing
in Gambia
Authors: Secka Ousman , Oriero Eniyou C. , Jarju Sheikh , Vilane Aminata , Hofmann Natalie , Ndiath Mamadou Ousmane , Nwakanma Davis
Published: November 2024

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 disease and rapid spread of the
virus outside China led to its declaration as a Public Health Emergency of
International Concern (PHEIC) in January 2020. Key elements of the early
intervention strategy focused on laboratory diagnosis and screening at
points of entry and imposition of restrictions in crossborder
activities.Objective: We report the role the Medical Research Council Unit,
The Gambia (MRCG) played in the early implementation of molecular testing
for COVID-19 in The Gambia as part of the national outbreak
response.Methods:  Laboratory staff members, with experience in molecular
biology assays, were identified and trained on COVID-19 testing at the
Africa CDC training workshop in Dakar, Senegal. Thereafter risks
assessments, drafting of standard operating procedures (SOPs) and inhouse
training enabled commencement of testing using commercial RTPCR kits.
Subsequently, testing was expanded to the National Public Health Laboratroy
and also implemented across field sites for rapid response across the
country.Results: Capacity for COVID-19 testing at MRCG was developed and can
process approximately 350 tests per day, which can be further scaled up as
the demand for testing increases.Conclusion:  The long presence of the Unit
in The Gambia and strong collaborative relationship with the National Health
Ministry, allowed for a synergistc approach in mounting an effective
response that contributed in delaying the establishment of community
transmission in the country.
Caregiver burden among informal caregivers of stroke survivors in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Kaseke Farayi , Gwanzura Lovemore , Kaseke Timothy , Musarurwa Cuthbert , Gori Elizabeth , Nyengerai Tawanda , Stewart Aimee
Published: November 2024

Background: Stroke presents significant challenges for both survivors and caregivers, particularly in resource-limited settings like Zimbabwe. Identifying factors contributing to caregiver burden strain (CBS) is crucial to enhance support strategies.Objectives: This longitudinal study identified caregiver and stroke survivor characteristics associated with CBS among caregivers in Harare, Zimbabwe.Method: Altogether 188 stroke survivors and their caregivers participated with CBS assessed at 3 months and 12 months using the Caregivers Strain Index. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the association of explanatory variables with CBS. Model fit was evaluated using the Akaike’s Information Criterion and R2.Results: Caregivers experiencing anxiety or depression showed increased CBS at 3 months (β = 2.46, p  0.001) and 12 months (β = 2.73, p = 0.016). Work adjustments were associated with higher CBS at 3 months (β = 3.84, p  0.001). Caregivers feeling overwhelmed had significantly higher CBS at 3 months (β = 3.36, p  0.001). Stroke survivors’ poor physical outcomes and reliance on health insurance were associated with CBS at 12 months (β = 4.34, p = 0.006). Caring for married stroke survivors was associated with reduced CBS (β = –2.83, p  0.001).Conclusion: Caregiver anxiety, depression, work adjustments and poor physical and social outcomes in stroke survivors contributed to increased CBS. Targeted interventions addressing mental health and social support are essential to reduce CBS.Clinical implications: Multifaceted interventions that address caregiver mental health and social support are vital to reduce CBS and improve outcomes in resource-constrained settings like Zimbabwe.
Correlation between subfoveal choroidal thickness and optic nerve head changes using optical coherence tomography in cases of primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed M.S. , Kamal Mahmoud A. , Hassan Mahmoud A.E. , Shaheen Mahrous H.A.E.
Published: November 2024

Background

There has been increasing interest in investigating the role of the choroid in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. While measurement of the choroidal thickness (CT) by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) would be an attractive add in the diagnosis and monitoring tools in glaucoma, the potential role of CT as a risk factor requires further investigation.

Objective

The aim of this study was to correlate between the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and optic nerve head changes using SD-OCT in cases of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Patients and methods

This is a cross-sectional observational case–control study. It included 82 eyes: 42 eyes of 23 POAG patients and 40 eyes of 20 normal controls. Measurement of the SFCT, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness was done using SD-OCT at the Investigative and Laser Unit of the Ophthalmology Department of Fayoum University Hospital and Giza Memorial Institute of Ophthalmic Research from September 2019 to February 2022.

Results

The SFCT was statistically significantly less the POAG patients than in normal eyes (P<0.0001), with a cut-off value of SFCT less than or equal to 316 μm (sensitivity=95% and specificity=83%). There was a statistically insignificant difference between CT and average RNFL thickness (r=0.040, P=0.802) and insignificant weak negative correlation between the SFCT and average GCC thickness (r=−0.027, P=0.863).

Conclusion

The SFCT was significantly less in the POAG eyes than in normal eyes, with a cut-off value of SFCT less than or equal to 316 μm, with an insignificant difference between CT and average RNFL thickness and average GCC thickness in the glaucoma group indicating a negative correlation between CT and glaucoma severity.
Comparison between surgical outcome of bilateral recession and unilateral recession-resection in intermittent exotropia
Authors: Aboshanab Sheren M. , Saif Mohamed Y. , El Toukhi Elsayed M. , Gouda Ahmed T.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative drift after bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR) compared to unilateral lateral rectus recession combined with medial rectus resection (R&R) in children with intermittent exotropia.

Patients and methods

This is a prospective comparative study that included 52 patients with intermittent exotropia [range=20–50 prism diopters (PD)] who were recruited from the Pediatric Ophthalmology Clinic of the Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, and Beni-Suef University Hospital, Beni-Suef, Egypt between February and September 2020. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups: BLR group and R&R group, each of 26 patients. The patients were subjected to complete ophthalmic examination including best corrected visual acuity and a full cycloplegic refraction. An alternate prism cover test with accommodative target was used to measure the deviations in the nine positions of gaze, both for distance and near. The cover test was used to examine the control of exodeviation. The ocular dominance was measured by hole in card test. Accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio was measured using the gradient method. The amblyopia cases were not included in this study. According to the postoperative results after 1 year, the patients were assigned to one of the following groups: success [esophoria or esotropia≤5 PD or exophoria or exotropia≤10 PD], overcorrection (esophoria or esotropia >5 PD), and undercorrection or recurrence (exophoria or exotropia >10 PD).

Results

There was a statistically significant improvement in the angle of deviation after surgery in both groups. In the BLR group, the mean angle of deviation significantly improved from 37.5±5.34 PD preoperatively to 0.58±1.39 PD at 6 months (P<0.00001) and to −2.73±5.95 PD at 12 months (P<0.00001), while in the R&R group, it significantly improved from 39.62±6.15 PD preoperatively to −1.38±2.06 PD at 6 months (P<0.00001) and to −4.42±7.5 PD at 12 months (P<0.00001). At 12 months, the surgical success rate was 92.3% in the BLR group and 84.62% in the R&R group, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). There were no serious intraoperative or postoperative complications in either group.

Conclusion

With long-term follow up, the BLR group appeared to have more stable results on ocular alignment compared to the R&R group.
Effect of three different ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid gels on surface deterioration of rotary files: An in vitro scanning electron microscope study
Authors: Lokhande Vishwajit , Keswani Kiran , Shetty Pradeep , Gadge Radhika , Raje Manjiri , Padwal Shraddha , Gupta Divya
Published: November 2024

Aim:

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of three commercially available ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) gels on the surface deterioration of rotary files.

Methods:

A total of 27 single-rooted mandibular premolars were coronally sectioned, and biomechanical preparation was done following proper irrigation protocol. Endodontic files from Hero-Shaper Gold were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Scanning electron microscopy was done to analyze the surface deformation first, second, and third use of the file. A statistical analysis was done to formulate the results.

Results:

There was a statistically significant difference for the spiral distortion, surface wear, and fractures after all three uses with all the groups. Group III showed the maximum unwinding of flutes, surface wear as well as microfractures whereas Group II showed the least.

Conclusion:

The presence of any unknown abrasive components in the EDTA gels has an influence on the surface deterioration of the rotary files.
Pseudotumour in a Haemophiliac with Inhibitor
Authors: Sreekala Vasanthiamma Krishnannair , Greeshma Anila Das
Published: November 2024

A 41-year-old male haemophilic patient with inhibitor developed recurrent bleeding in the right thigh and eventually developed pseudotumour. Pseudotumour gradually progressed and ruptured on the evening of elective surgery. He had undergone excision of pseudotumour at Christian Medical College, Vellore. Post-operative period was uneventful. He was managed with factor eight inhibitor bypass agents. Now, he is ambulant with an assistive device.
Comparison of Oral Diazepam and Baclofen on Hand Function in Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Prospective Randomised Study
Authors: Goyal Vinay , Laisram Nonica
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) demonstrate poor hand function due to spasticity in the flexors muscles of the upper limbs. Impairment of the upper limb function can impact on self-care abilities, activities of daily living, education, leisure activities and vocational outcomes. Oral baclofen and diazepam are commonly used as antispastic agents in patients where generalised reduction in tone is desired. There are no studies comparing the effect of diazepam and baclofen on hand function in spastic CP.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 61 spastic CP children were enrolled in a single-blinded randomised prospective study. Diazepam and baclofen were given in weekly incremental doses. Spasticity reduction was measured by Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and hand function by prehensile activities.

Results:

In the diazepam group, the baseline MAS score was 1.95 ± 0.4 and it was 1.83 ± 0.64 in the baclofen group. A statistically significant (P < 0.001) improvement in the mean MAS score compared to baseline (MAS score: diazepam 1.62 ± 0.40 and 1.40 ± 0.36 and baclofen 1.56 ± 0.59 and 1.30 ± 0.48, respectively) was seen in both the groups at the 1st and 3rd months. Inter-group comparison showed no significant difference. Improvement in hand function was found to be significant only after 3 months.

Conclusion:

Spasticity reduction contributed to improvement in hand functions in both the groups after 3 months. Both the drugs have a similar effect in terms of spasticity reduction and hand function improvement.
Assessment of Fall Risk in the Elderly and Appropriate Preventive Rehabilitation: A Prospective Pre–Post Study
Authors: Archana N , Thirunavukkarasu P. , Rajakumar A. , Kamakshi R. M.
Published: November 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the fall risk amongst the elderly and to assess the effect of preventive rehabilitation.

Study Design:

This was a prospective pre–post study.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty patients attending the outpatient department were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Timed up and go (TUG) test and functional reach test (FRT) and modified FRT were done to identify the risk groups. Appropriate preventive rehabilitation measures such as strengthening and balance exercises, footwear modifications and assistive aids along with treatment of the disease for which they approached the clinic were done. The study population was assessed after 2 weeks for fall risk using the same TUG and FRT.

Results:

A statistically significant reduction in fall risk was seen after appropriate rehabilitative strategies. Fall risk can be detected early by simple clinical tools such as TUG test and FRT.

Conclusion:

Simple clinical tools such as TUG test and FRT can be used for the early identification of fall risk amongst the elderly. This study establishes that a comprehensive preventive rehabilitation to the geriatric community with risk of fall can reduce the “fall risk” in the future and can also improve their functioning.
Dr ALM’s Medicolegal series -part 3 -Res Ipsa Loquitur - What does it mean in Medical Negligence?
Authors: Sundaram Alagappan Meenakshi
Published: November 2024

Res Ipsa Loquitur literally means “Things speak for itself”. Prima facie it appears to be a simple and easy maxim to understand and apply. However it is not as simple as it appears to be. Res Ipsa Loquitur is a maxim, the application of which shifts the burden of proof on the defendant. Generally, in a case it is the plaintiff who has to provide evidence to prove the defendant’s negligence. There is however, a change when this maxim is used. The burden of proof shifts to the defendant. There is a presumption of negligence on part of the defendant and it is upto him to prove his non-liability and that it was not his act which caused the plaintiff’s injury. The defendant leads the evidence. It is said that it does not apply if the cause of harm is known. In case of an ordinary negligence the onus of proving negligence lies upon the party who alleges it (the burden of proof rests on the person who affirms, not the one who denies). And to establish a case to be left to the jury, he must prove the negligence charged affirmatively, by adducing reasonable evidence of it. In Res Ipsa Loquitur, however, the burden of proof shifts onto the defendant. The expression Res Ipsa Loquitur is not a doctrine but a mode of inferential reasoning applies only to accidents of unknown cause. The Res Ipsa Loquitur mode of inferential reasoning comes into play where an accident of unknown cause is one that would not normally happen without negligence on the part of the defendant in control of the object or activity which injured the plaintiff or damaged his property. In such a situation the court is able to infer negligence on the defendant’s part unless he offers an acceptable explanation consistent with his having taken reasonable care.
Can Pseudotumor Cerebri be an Initial Sign of Cortical Venous Thrombosis?
Authors: Ramesh V.
Published: November 2024

The case report describes a very unusual case of a 30-year-old female with the clinical history of a 3 months progressively worsening headache, occasional blurred vision, diplopia, and vomiting. She had taken hormonal drugs for a few gynecology complaints. Neutral eye movements showed bilateral lateral rectus palsies, and there was bilateral papilledema. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and venogram were normal in the 1st day of disease onset. He was started on steroids but had an exacerbation of symptoms. A diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) was given, and he underwent a lumbar–peritoneal shunt procedure for the relief of intracranial pressure. The papilledema became almost normal. In the postoperative period, she developed hypertension, change in mental status, seizures, after which ventilation was instituted. A computed tomography scan of the brain done in emergency found a parieto-occipital hemorrhage. A repeat MRI and MR venogram done on the patient confirmed cortical venous thrombosis (CVT). The patient was given heparin and was thereafter mechanically ventilated for 3 days and taken off the tube. This case report brings out the problems of diagnosis and the possibility of PTC and CVT in this patient. Although not commonplace, other research has included and documented that PTC may be an indication of the onset of CVT. The precise relationship between cortical vein thrombosis and pseudotumor cerebri remains unclear. However, it is thought to be partially influenced by risk factors such as hormonal fluctuations, which were present in our case, as well as hypercoagulation and inflammation. Our patient first presented with symptoms that are characteristic of PTC, which gave preliminary indication of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. However, the progress of seizures allowed us to consider the diagnosis of CVT. The normal initial MRI findings presented in our patient are compatible with other case reports; MRI may not be sufficiently specific to identify CVT during initial presentation.
Study on Anti-arthritic and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaves of Mukia maderaspatana on Membrane Stabilization Assay and Egg Albumin Assay
Authors: Devi Chitra , Gouri Priya , Subhashini  , Bavatharani  , Bhuvaneswari
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim:

Arthritis, a chronic inflammatory disorder, and microbial infections substantially affect global health, driving the need for effective natural remedies. This study explores the anti-arthritic and antimicrobial properties of Mukia maderaspatana leaves, traditionally used in folk medicine.

Materials and Methods:

Anti-inflammatory activity: Assessed using the membrane stabilization assay to evaluate the inhibition of hypotonicity-induced hemolysis in erythrocytes. Anti-arthritic activity: Measured through the egg albumin assay by observing the prevention of protein denaturation. Antimicrobial activity: Evaluated using standard microbial strains to gauge the broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects of M. maderaspatana leaves.

Results:

Membrane stabilization: Significant inhibition of hypotonicity-induced hemolysis was observed, indicating notable anti-inflammatory activity. Protein denaturation: Reduced denaturation of egg albumin proteins was noted, suggesting potent anti-arthritic properties. Antimicrobial activity: Broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects were demonstrated against standard microbial strains.

Conclusion:

M. maderaspatana leaves exhibit significant membrane stabilization, reduced protein denaturation, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects. These properties indicate their potential as a natural source for developing treatments targeting arthritis and microbial infections.