bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF THE HIGHER ORDER TERMS IN WILLIAMS’ SERIES EXPANSION OF THE STRESS FIELD ON THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE IN THE VICINITY OF THE CRACK TIP. PART II
Authors: Stepanova L. V.
Published: September 2019

The description of mechanical fields at the vicinity of a bi-dimensional crack-tip can be performed using the classic Williams asymptotic series expansion. While the general structure is well known, complete expressions are rarely available for specific crack problems. The paper is devoted to the multi-parameter description of the stress field in the vicinity of two collinear crack of different length in an infinite isotropic elastic medium subjected to 1) Mode I loading; 2) Mode II loading; 3) mixed (Mode I + Mode II) mode loading. The multi-parameter asymptotic expansions of the stress field are obtained. The procedure used in the paper relates Williams series coefficients and the complex potentials of the plane elasticity. The amplitude coefficients of the multi-parameter series expansion are found in the closed form. Having obtained the coefficients of the Williams series expansion one can keep any preassigned number of terms in the asymptotic series. Asymptotic analysis of number of the terms in the Williams asymptotic series which is necessary to keep in the asymptotic series at different distances from the crack tip. It is shown that the more distance from the crack tip the more terms in the Williams asymptotic expansion need to be kept. Complete closed-form expressions can be used to derive, test and improve numerical and experimental approaches involving higher order terms in crack-tip expansions.
Casos aplicados del análisis de causa raíz: revisión
Authors: Castro Castro Jose David , Cendales Ladino Edwin Darío
Published: September 2019

En este artículo, se presenta una revisión bibliográfca acerca de la implementación delanálisis de causa raíz (RCA, por sus siglas en inglés) a diversos problemas presentados en elementosmecánicos en diversas industrias del sector productivo. Se hace una breve contextualización sobrequé es el RCA y los pasos que se deben realizar para poder efectuarlo de una manera correcta en unproblema ingenieril y su utilidad en cuanto a la mitigación de gastos, en una obra, en una planta, o encualquier otra situación que merezca realizar una investigación de esta naturaleza. Las investigaciones mostradas en este artículo exponen diferentes casos que aplican la metodología RCA para determinar la causa de falla de piezas críticas dentro de diversos equipos. El común de estas indagacionesmuestra unos pasos que son imprescindibles, como explicar la naturaleza del elemento de falla, desarrollar una caracterización fsicoquímica del material del elemento mediante técnicas de espectroscopia, micrografía, fractografía y, en algunos casos, aplicación de los conceptos de diseño medianteel análisis por elementos fnitos. Además, se hace una comparación del elemento de estudio coninvestigaciones recientes o previas sobre mecanismos de falla posible a fn de determinar la posiblecausa raíz de falla del elemento estudiado. En algunos casos, los autores dan recomendaciones parala mitigación de los riesgos de falla, que llevan consigo un mejoramiento operativo y económico.
Effects of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Myrtus Communis Leaves on Trophozoites and Cysts of Acanthamoeba: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Nayeri Chegeni Tooran , Ghaffarifa Fatemeh , Khoshzaban Fariba , Dalimi Asl Abdolhosein D , Mirzaian Hoda , Jameie Farnoosh
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims: Acanthamoeba is a ubiquitous amphizoic organism which can cause lethal diseases such as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and unfortunately, the infection has now increased in the world. The aim here was to evaluate in vitro anti-Acanthamoeba properties of crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Myrtus communis.Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, a clinical isolate of Acanthamoeba was cultured and genotyped. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Myrtus communis were prepared. Then, various concentrations of Myrtus communis extracts (1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/ml) were tested at three different times (24, 48 and 72 hr) on trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba in vitro. The viability of trophozoites or cysts was tested by trypan blue method. Unstained (viable) and stained (nonviable) parasites were evaluated by counting with a neobar lam.Results: The percentage of viablity of trophozoites and cysts after adding ethanolic extract of Myrtus communis was 0% and 8.62%, respectively. Moreover, at 10 mg/ml concentration of aqueous extract of Myrtus communis, 0% trophozoites and 31.10% cysts lived after 72 h.Conclusions: This extract can be used as a safe anti-Acanthamoeba agent against trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba and further investigations are recommended to show the effects of this plant as an antiparasitic drug in animal models and volunteer infected people.
Comparison of occupational accidents among staff of two educational hospitals of Medical Sciences University of Ahvaz in 2017
Authors: FOULADI Behzad , MOSAVIANASL Zeinab , AHMADI Parisa , HEIDARI Zahra , JAHANI Fereshte , Bahman ZIYARI Mahan
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Hospitals are one of the most important sources of health and medical services, with employees working in different parts that in touch with numerous Occupational harmful factors and Occupational Accidents. Through examining the accident occurring among employees, can do important action to reduce the Human and financial losses. Therefore, the current study aimed at comparing occupational accidents among the staff of the two educational hospitals of Medical Sciences University of Ahvaz.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 2017 among laboratory staff, nurses and operating room personnel in two educational hospitals. 110 persons from each hospital (sample size based on Cochran formula) participated in the study and information about the experiences of accidents occurred for employees and the days of absence were collected through a questionnaire. Finally, data analysis was done by using SPSS 22 software.
Findings: Over 85% of staff in educational hospitals No. 1 and No. 2 were female. The nurses had the highest frequency in terms of the organizational status of the staff employed in these two hospitals. The incident Crop with sharp objects in the hospital 1 and the incidence of skin contact with blood or other body fluids in the hospital 2 were the most frequent among other incidents.
Results: Due to the fact that skin contact with blood or other body fluids has the highest rate of recurrence among other events, it can lead to an increase in absenteeism. Therefore, recommended services provided by professional health experts on the continued use of gloves and the selection of suitable gloves are helpful.
Comparative analysis of the immediate results of the off-pump versus on-pump myocardial revascularization in the elderly patients
Authors: Yusupov A. I. , Vitsukaev V. V. , Sushkov A. I. , Makalskiy P. D. , Zavgorodniy V. N.
Published: September 2019

Aim: To evaluate efficacy and safety of surgical myocardial revascularization with two internal thoracic arteries in the elderly patients and to identify special aspects and immediate results of the interventions on a working heart and with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and on a working heart.

Materials and methods: This retrospective single center study included patients over 65 years of age with multivessel coronary artery disease who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with two internal thoracic arteries in a  working heart without cardiopulmonary bypass at the Federal Clinical Center of High Medical Technologies of FMBA of Russia from 2015 to 2017  (the study group, n=50) and with cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia (the comparison group, n=51). We analyzed demographic characteristics, preoperative state severity, and special aspects of myocardial damage, operational parameters, rates, and structure of postoperative complications.

Results: None of the patients died. Median intraoperative parameters in the study group were better than those in the comparison group: blood loss, 300  vs. 800  mL (p<0.001), duration of the surgery, 190  and 240  min (p<0.001), duration of mechanical ventilation, 3  and 5  hours (p<0.001), respectively. Early postoperative acute renal failure was less frequent in the patients who had undergone surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass (median serum creatinine levels 90  vs. 125  µmol/L (p<0.001)). Postoperative complications were observed in the group of patients operated with cardiopulmonary bypass: three cases of acute cerebrovascular accidents (stroke) and one deep wound infection of the sternum. Mean duration of the hospital stay in the patients operated on a working heart without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass was 7  days versus 9  in the comparison group.

Conclusion: Myocardial revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with lower rates of postoperative complications, decreased duration of the procedure, decreased blood loss, time on mechanical ventilation and acute renal failure rate, which all results in decreased duration of hospital stay. Bimammary myocardial revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass could be the method of choice in the elderly patients.
Factors affecting the attitudes of nurses towards change
Authors: Kaya Gulsah , Koc Zeliha , Kiymaz Dilek , Cinarli Tugba
Published: September 2019

This study was conducted as descriptive with an aim to determine the factors affecting the attitudes of nurses towards change. The study was conducted with the participation of 178 nurses in state hospital between October 10, 2017 and January 30, 2018. The data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 24 questions, and the Attitude Against Change Scale consisting of 29 items. In the evaluation of the data, descriptive statistics, One-Way Anova, t-test, Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test were used. The Attitude Against Change Scale score was determined as 56.82 ± 13.52. A meaningful relation was observed between the Attitude Against Change Scale score averages and certain sociodemographic characteristics of nurses (p < 0.05). It was determined in the study that the nurses between the ages of 30 and 39, having 8–15 years of profession had more positive attitudes towards change.

Keywords: Change, attitude towards change, nurse.
Desarrollo de Documentos con un Formato Computable Utilizando el Software Wolfram Mathematica
Authors: Q. Enrique Vílchez , H. Juan Félix Avila
Published: September 2019

Este es un tutorial sobre la construcción de CDF‘s (Computable Document Format). Se explica en detalle cómo elaborar este tipo de archivos mostrando, entre otras cosas, definiciones, ejemplos ilustrativos, y ejercicios, la descripción de los componentes visuales (o controladores) más importantes y sus opciones. Se supone que el lector tiene un conocimiento medio en el lenguaje Wolfram.

 Abstract

This is a tutorial on the construction of CDF‘s (Computable Document Format). It is explained in detail how to elaborate this type of files showing, among other things, definitions, examples and exercises, the description of the most important visual components (or controllers) and their options. It is assumed that the reader has a medium knowledge in the Wolfram language.
Perceção e Atitudes Sobre Prescrição Racional Durante a Formação Médica: Resultados de Grupos Focais com Estudantes de Medicina e Médicos Internos
Authors: Boaventura Isabel , Costa João , Fernandes Ricardo Miguel , Ferreira Joaquim
Published: September 2019

Introdução: O ensino da farmacologia clínica visa a aquisição de conhecimentos, competências e comportamentos que assegurem a decisão de prescrição de forma racional. Os autores apresentam os resultados de um estudo concebido para avaliar as perceções, atitudes e comportamentos associados ao conceito de prescrição racional ao longo da formação.Material e Métodos: Foram realizados quatro grupos focais com alunos do primeiro, terceiro e quinto ano e jovens internos da formação específica. Utilizou-se um guião semi-estruturado com perguntas abertas e estudos de caso destinados a explorar os comportamentos associados à decisão terapêutica.Resultados: A análise identifica uma evolução de conceitos ao longo da formação académica. As referências a normas de orientação e efetividade emergem a partir do terceiro ano. A segurança e a adaptação às características individuais do doente emergem nos grupos do quinto ano e dos jovens internos. As fontes de informação consideradas mais relevantes foram os estudos de eficácia e revisões sistemáticas, os documentos regulamentares e as plataformas online.Discussão: A revisão da literatura recente aponta para a necessidade de implementar estratégias dedicadas ao desenvolvimento das competências adequadas à prescrição racional. O recurso a grupos focais é uma metodologia a considerar para envolver os discentes na autoavaliação de competências e informar os docentes acerca das perceções e atitudes dos alunos.Conclusão: Esta análise ilustra a sensibilização dos estudantes e jovens médicos para a adaptação da terapêutica às características do doente e a necessidade de reforçar estes conceitos, para que se sintam preparados para a prescrição racional em situações clínicas complexas.
Antibiotic Clinic: Two Years’ Experience in Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy in a Portuguese Hospital
Authors: Rigor Joana , Ferreira Paula Marques , Murteira Fábio , Figueiredo Cristóvão , Vieira Nuno , Oliveira Rosa , Couto Raquel , Mota Margarida
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Outpatient antimicrobial therapy programs have been in place for more than four decades. They provide safe and effective treatment for a selected group of patients while reducing costs. In Europe in general, and in Portugal in particular, these programs are still a relatively new phenomenon. The aim of this study is to describe our center’s two years’ experience with such a program (Antibiotic Clinic).Material and Methods: The cohort of treatments administered by the Antibiotic Clinic in its first two years of existence (September 12th 2016 to September 11th 2018) was analyzed and data pertaining to patients, infections, infectious agents, antimicrobials and outcomes (infection resolution, adverse events and death) were characterized.Results: The Antibiotic Clinic treated 231 patients in 250 episodes, providing a total of 2357 days of antibiotic treatment. The urinary tract was the most common site (39.2%) and Enterobacteriaceae the most common agents (63.7% of isolates). Infections were resolved in 90.8% of treatments (95.6% of patients), adverse events were few (1.2%) and direct mortality was not found. The dropout rate was 1.6%.Discussion: Infection resolution and adverse event rates were comparable to other centers. High treatment and low dropout rates point to high physician and patient acceptance.Conclusion: Our experience with this program suggests it is a safe and effective alternative to inpatient admission. This is in line with current literature which suggests efforts should be made to expand this treatment modality.
Giant Intramural Hematoma of the Colon in Acquired Factor VIII Inhibitor
Authors: Figueiredo Joana , Borges Nuno , Pascoalinho José , Matos Ricardo
Published: September 2019

Intramural hematoma of the colon is very rare, particularly when associated with the development of autoantibodies against factor VIII.We report a case of a 66-year-old man with abdominal pain, hematochezia and clots in the left colon, without any radiologic signs of active bleeding or bowel occlusion or analytical changes in routine coagulation screening, but with positive autoantibodies against factor VIII. The clinical instability prompted surgical exploration. An intramural hematoma of the left colon was found, and a left colectomy was performed. The patient was treated with hemoderivatives and corticosteroids with clinical improvement. The diagnosis of spontaneous intramural hematoma might be a challenge, particularly in the absence of clinical suspicion. An early recognition is essential for a positive outcome. This case highlights a rare cause of bleeding and intestinal obstruction, but also the difficulty and relevance of establishing a clinical diagnosis when diagnostic tests are not completely informative.
A incidência de liderança tóxica em uma empresa multinacional do setor de call center
Authors: De Andrade Pâmela Cristina , Aragão do Rosário Rejeane , De Assis Paixão Moreira Thainá , Crespo dos Reis Neto Aline
Published: September 2019

Os conceitos que se referem à liderança tóxica se confundem, inicialmente, com os princípios de uma liderança ruim; portanto, é preciso discutir sobre uma das vertentes mais prejudiciais da liderança. O trabalho teve como objetivos mensurar a incidência da liderança tóxica dentro de uma multinacional do setor de call center e posteriormente, mensurar diferenças entre as médias resultantes, a partir das variáveis de controle. Foi realizado levantamento quantitativo (survey), com 310 respondentes. Como resultados, não foram detectadas incidências altas de toxicidade na liderança do call center, além de ter sido possível identificar diferenças significativas entre as variáveis de controle.
Mıknatıs Neden Çeker? İstisnai Özellikler (Havâss) Etrafında İbn Sina Fiziğine Yeni Bir Bakış
Authors: ÜÇER İbrahim Halil
Published: September 2019

Mıknatıs neden çeker sorusu duyulur niteliklere dayalı doğamerkezli fizik teorisinin açıklayıcı yeterliliği için daima birturnusol kağıdı olmuş ve duyulur niteliklere indirgenemediğiiçin açıklanamazlık, bilinemezlik ve giderek garipliklenitelenen istisnai özellikler alanının (idiotês / havâss) timsalihaline gelmiştir. Antik dönemden başlayarak İbn Sina’yagelinceye değin giderek genişleyen bu istisnai özellikler alanınınPeripatetik ve Galenci doğa teorileri tarafından tutarlıbir açıklamasının verilemediği yerde, farklı bir nitelikçi modelüzerinden ilerleyen el-Kîmyâ geleneği ile parçacıkçı model üzerinden ilerleyen Antik-Helenistik ve kelamî atomcuteorilerin devreye girerek yeni açıklamalar önerdiği görülür.İbn Sina en iyi Cabir b. Hayyan tarafından temsil edilen el-Kîmyâ modeli ile parçacıkçı modelleri dışlayarak, mıknatıssalçekimin de dahil olduğu istisnai özellikler alanını doğamerkezli teori içerisinde açıklamanın bir yolunu bulmuştur.Duyulur suretlere dayalı doğa merkezli teoriden akledilir suretleredayalı bir doğa merkezli teoriye geçişi ifade eden buyol, İbn Sina tarafından “iki fazlalık” ve “iki anlam” teorisiadını verebileceğimiz, Yeni-Çağ doğa felsefelerinin ortayaçıkışına değin doğa merkezli modelin yeterlilik ve meşruiyetinimuhafaza rolü üstlenen, bütünleşik bir teori ile döşenmiştir.“İki fazlalık” teorisi fiziksel altyapılar seviyesindengözlemlenebilir aşikar özellikler alanına veya gerçek varlıkseviyesine çıkışı açıklamayı hedeflerken, “iki anlam teorisi”ise gözlemlenebilir aşikar özellikler veya gerçek varlık alanındanfiziksel altyapılara doğru gidişin rasyonalitesini inşaetmeyi hedefler. “İki fazlalık” teorisindeki ilk fazlalık fizikselolup fiziksel karışımlar ertesinde ortaya çıkan doğal istidatlarıifade ederken, ikinci fazlalık ise metafiziksel olup yarıvarlıkdurumundaki istidatları bilfiil hale getiren ilahi varlıkfeyzini ifade eder. “İki anlam” teorisindeki birinci anlamfiziksel olup duyulur suretleri ifade ederken, ikinci anlammetafiziksel olup duyulur suretler ve özelliklerin altında yatangözlemlenemez akledilir ilkeyi ifade eder. Gözlemlenebilirözelliklerin gözlemlenemez ilkelere atıfla açıklanmasınıöneren ve akledilir suretlerle duyulur suretler arasındaki birayrıma dayanan “iki anlam teorisi” sadece havâss alanınıdoğallaştırarak normal özelliklerle eşitleme sonucu vermemiş,İbn Sina’nın varlık-mahiyet ayrımının metafizikte üstlendiğirole benzer bir işlevi fizikte ifa etmiştir. Bu makaledemıknatıssal çekim özelliği örneğinde, havâss alanının parçacıkçıve nitelikçi fizik teoriler içerisinde nasıl rasyonalizeedilmeye çalışıldığı ve nihayetinde ne tür bir bilinemezliksahası yarattığı ele alındıktan sonra, İbn Sina’nın yeni doğafelsefesinin bu gariplikler alanını hangi teoriler aracılığıyladoğallaştırdığı ve kendisini hangi yollarla duyulur nitelikleredayalı fizik teorinin yerine ikame ettiği ele alınmaktadır.
Notes on the Lie Symmetry Exact Explicit Solutions for Nonlinear Burgers' Equation
Authors: Sun Bohua
Published: September 2019

In light of Liu et al.'s original works, this research article revisits the solution of Burgers's nonlinear equation. The researcher found two exact and explicit solutions for groups $G_4$ and $G_6$, as well as a general solution. Their applications were conducted by using numerical calculations.
A Blind Nonlinearity Compensator Using DBSCAN Clustering for Coherent Optical Transmission Systems
Authors: Giacoumidis Elias , Lin Yi , Jarajreh Mutsam , O'Duill Sean , McGuinness Kevin , Whelan Paul F. , Barry Liam P.
Published: September 2019

We experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, blind nonlinearity compensation using the Density-Based Spatial-Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm for a 40-Gb/s 16-quadrature amplitude modulated being transmitted at 50 km of standard single-mode fiber. At high launched optical powers, DBSCAN offers up to 0.83- and 8.84-dB enhancement in Q-factor when compared to conventional K-means clustering and linear equalization, respectively.
Redesign Improved Employees Performance of Corporate Textile
Authors: Pamungkas Anton Respati , Brahmasari Ida Ayu , Mujanah Siti
Published: September 2019

This research aims to redesign improved employees’ performance of corporate textile in terms of compensation, competence, quality of work-life and organizational citizenship behavior. The method used in this research is a survey conducted on the employees of a textile factory. Employees who serve the population of this study is diversified from the level of staff to the Director. The sample is 245 respondents. Data analysis and hypothesis test in this study using the Structural Equation Model - Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM). The results showed that each variable compensation, competence, quality of work-life and organization citizenship behavior has a positive and significant impact on employee performance. Variable organization citizenship behavior can be variable which can improve the effect of compensation, competence and quality of work-life toward employees’ performance.
Adherence in elderly patients with NCDs: Which is the best, educational or social support? A comparative study in Ecuador
Authors: Céspedes Elizabeth Elena Aguirre , Florido Angela Faydé Alfonso , Segovia Edgar León , Solórzano Patricia Ortiz , Lorenzo Sergio Minué , Durán Susana Alvear , Hierro Galo Antonio Sánchez del
Published: September 2019

Background: Adherence to treatment is one of the mainstays of non-communicable diseases adequate control. Non – adherence can affect several aspects to both the patient and the health system. For this reason, it is important to have intervention strategies available to prevent detachment and improve adherence to treatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the educational strategy compared with the social and family support for the improvement of adherence in patients with chronic noncommunicable diseases.
Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in 159 participants with diagnosis of arterial hypertension or/and diabetes mellitus type 2 plus polypharmacy. Participants were divided in two groups and strategies: Group A: educational (n = 79) and Group B social/family support (n = 80), follow up three months for each group. For group "A", informative group workshops were assigned; while for group "B" therapeutic agreements were established. Adherence to treatment pre- and post-intervention were evaluated using the four item Morisky Green Levine scale of public domain. At the end of the intervention period, an intra and intergroup analysis were performed and a Z test for difference in proportions was applied; the RR was used as a measure of association, and Chi2 as a measure of significance.
Results: A total of 152 patients complete the intervention. In group A, pre-intervention non-adherence was 58.2%, post-intervention of 45.3% and final reduction of the failure was 12.9% (p<0,001). In group B, pre-intervention non-adherence was 55%, post-intervention 46.8%, and final reduction of adherence failure of 8.2%, (p> 0.05). Statistically significant difference was obtained between the decrease in the failure reached after the application of the educational strategy compared to social / family support strategy (p = 0.001).
Conclusions: Educational strategy is more effective than social/family support strategy, to reduce the failure of therapeutic adherence. There was not association of sociodemographic factors and adherence to treatment.
Short post-surgical antibiotic therapy in spine infections - prospective, randomized, unblinded, non-inferiority trials (SASI Trials)
Authors: Betz Michael , Uçkay Ilker , Schüpbach Regula , Gröber Tanja , Botter Sander , Burkhard Jan , Holy Dominique , Achermann Yvonne , Farshad Mazda
Published: September 2019

Background: There are several open scientific questions regarding the optimal antibiotic treatment of spine infections (SI) with or without an implant. The duration of post-surgical antibiotic therapy is debated.

Methods: We will perform and perform two unblinded randomized -controlled RCTs. We hypothesize that shorter durations of systemic antibiotic therapy after surgery for SI are non-inferior (10% margin, 80% power, ɑlpha 5%) to existing (long) treatment durations. The RCTs allocate the participants in two arms of 2 x 59 episodes each: 3 vs. 6 weeks of targeted post-surgical systemic antibiotic therapy for implant-free spine infections (two positive microbiological samples); or 6 vs. 12 weeks for implant-related spine infections. This equals a total of 236 adult SI episodes (randomization schemes 1:1) with a minimal follow-up of 12 months. All participants have a concomitant multidisciplinary surgical, re-educational, internist and infectious diseases care. We perform three interim analyses that are evaluated by an independent Study Data Monitoring Committee. Besides the primary outcome remission, we also assess adverse events of antibiotic therapy, changes of the patient’s nutritional status, total costs, functional scores, and the timely evolution of the (surgical) wounds. We define infection as the presence of local signs of inflammation (pus, wound discharge, calor, rubor, pain) together with microbiological evidence of the same pathogen(s) in at least two intraoperative samples; and remission as the absence of any clinical, laboratory and/or radiological evidence of (former or new) infection.

Discussion: Provided that there is adequate surgical debridement, both RCTs enable to potentially prescribe less antibiotics during the therapy of SI; with potentially less adverse events and reduced overall costs.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov NCT0408304. Registered on 6 th August 2019.

Protocol version : 2 (5 th July 2019)
Clinical Population Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics Protocol of Alkaloids from Leaf of Alstonia scholaris on Acute Bronchitis Patients
Authors: Li Rui , Zhang Wan-Tong , Zhao Yun-Li , Sun Ming-Yue , Fan Mao-Rong , Luo Xiao-Dong , Gao Rui , Li Xin-Gang
Published: September 2019

Background Acute tracheobronchitis is the acute tracheobronchial mucosal inflammation caused by biological, physical, chemical stimulation, and accompanied by symptoms of cough and expectoration. The capsule of alkaloids from leaf of Alstonia scholaris (CALAS), an effective part riches in alkaloids, has the antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, anti-tussive, anti-asthmatic, immunoregulation effects. However, whether the clinical indexes could be improved by the same ingredients and pathways after oral administration, and the changes in the relationship between ingredients and pharmacodynamics indexes, still need further clinical verification.Methods/design This is a prospectively planned, blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-grouped clinical trial with aggregated population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PPK/PD) data. 55 subjects will be randomly allocated into four arms, specifically, 10 of the 55 subjects were selected randomly for the placebo arm who will be orally administered with placebo (Tid), and 45 subjects were randomly assigned to CALAS treatment group (20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg Tid, 15 subjects per group). The medication, cough and phlegm, body temperature of every subject should be recorded daily during treatment. Each subject will be collected 3-4 blood samples at the following points for PPK/PPD parameters analysis. Blood samples will be acquired pre-dose (0 h) and post-dose at 15 min, 40 min, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 30 h, 48 h after last dosing. All subjects will receive a laboratory examination and efficacy evaluation on day 8.Discussion A new integrating strategy to explore relationship among drug ingredients, action pathway and clinical efficacy will be established through this study. We aim to explore the mechanism of CALAS in treatment of acute bronchitis on the premise of definite active ingredients and reliable clinical efficacy. It is difficult to be accepted by patients since classical pharmacokinetics (PK) research adopts intensive sampling method, meanwhile, it cannot quantify the variability of PK parameters (Intra-individual variation, interindividual variation and weekly variation). Moreover, extrapolation and prediction of dosage regimen between different species and populations cannot be realized. Therefore, PPK/PPD method, usually taking advantage of sparse data (3-5 time points sampling per patient), which be selected to find out the measurable factors of pathology and physiology that lead to the change of dose-concentration, and guide reasonable dose adjustment to achieve the optimal clinical effects.
Perceptions about preconception care among health care providers in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria - A qualitative study
Authors: Ojifinni Oludoyinmola Omobolade , Ibisomi Latifat
Published: September 2019

Background Preconception care (PCC) is a recognised strategy for optimising maternal health and improving maternal and neonatal outcomes. Research has however shown that preconception care services are not routinely provided as part of maternal health services in Nigeria. This study explored the perceptions about preconception care services among health care workers in Ibadan, Nigeria.Methods This was a qualitative descriptive study involving 25 in-depth interviews among 16 specialist physicians and nine nurses covering 10 specialties: Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Cardiology, Endocrinology among others at the primary, secondary and tertiary health care levels. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed on MAXQDA using thematic analysis.Results Six main themes were identified from the data – what PCC is, people who require PCC, where PCC services can be provided, acceptability of PCC services, the relevance of PCC to different specialties including gynaecologists, cardiologists, nephrologists, psychiatrists and the possible benefits of PCC. PCC was viewed as care for women, men and couples before pregnancy to optimise health status and ensure positive pregnancy outcomes. Almost all the participants stated that PCC services should be offered at all three levels of health care with referral when needed from the lower to higher levels. The prevailing opinion on the circumstances when PCC is required was that although all people of reproductive age would benefit, those who had medical problems such as hypertension, sickle cell disease, diabetes and infertility would benefit more. Acceptance and use of PCC services could however be hindered by the attitude of potential clients especially for those without any known pre-existing condition who may not use the service even if they were aware of its existence. All specialist physicians identified the relevance of PCC to their practice and identified potential benefits of PCC. The potential benefits outlined included opportunity to plan and prepare for pregnancy to ensure positive pregnancy outcomes.Conclusion Preconception care is important for positive pregnancy outcomes in people with known medical problems and is relevant to different specialities of medical practice. Its uptake will however depend on its acceptability to the people who will benefit from the service.
TEMAS E CONTEÚDO DO JOGO DE PAPÉIS: SINALIZANDO CAMINHOS PARA A ATUAÇÃO PEDAGÓGICA COM A ATIVIDADE LÚDICA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Moya Dóris De Jesus , Sforni Marta Sueli de Faria , Moya Paula Tamyris
Published: September 2019

Para a Teoria Histórico-Cultural, a atividade lúdica é fundamental no desenvolvimento psíquico da criança. Para compreendermos as razões de se considerar essa atividade importante para o desenvolvimento infantil, realizamos uma pesquisa de caráter bibliográfico, na qual centramos nossa análise na produção de Leontiev e Elkonin, autores dessa linha teórica que se ocuparam do estudo do desenvolvimento psíquico e da periodização do desenvolvimento infantil. Elkonin afirma que o jogo de papéis é a atividade lúdica que maior impacto exerce no desenvolvimento de crianças na faixa etária que corresponde ao final da educação infantil. Ele distingue dois elementos no jogo de papéis, o tema e o conteúdo. Por meio da compreensão desses elementos é possível reconhecer que nas instituições educativas, além de se reservar tempo e espaço para esse tipo de atividade lúdica, é preciso atuar pedagogicamente no conteúdo dela. Essa atuação pedagógica sobre o conteúdo do jogo não é o mesmo que dirigir diretamente as ações da criança, privando-a da liberdade de criação, mas significa atuar de modo a propiciar condições para que as crianças ampliem seu universo cultural, favorecendo o acesso ao conhecimento de várias atividades humanas presentes na realidade objetiva, de modo a enriquecer suas possibilidades de imitação, imaginação e criação na brincadeira.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE MODELOS DIDÁTICOS TATEÁVEIS COMO METODOLOGIA PARA O ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA CELULAR EM TURMAS INCLUSIVAS COM DEFICIENTES VISUAIS
Authors: Michelotti Angela , Loreto Elgion Lucio da Silva
Published: September 2019

O entendimento de estruturas celulares, pela natureza microscópica, exige elevado nível de abstração, e se torna um desafio aos alunos com e sem limitação visual.  Metodologias alternativas podem proporcionar aos alunos visualizarem, manipularem, tocarem em modelos que represente as verdadeiras estruturas celulares, auxiliando assim o aprendizado. Neste estudo testamos a hipótese de que modelos tridimensionais de diversos tipos celulares, assim como de processo envolvendo células (multiplicação celular e a cicatrização), utilizados inicialmente de forma tátil pode ser uma ferramenta eficiente para o ensino de Biologia Celular em uma perspectiva de inclusão de alunos com NEE.  Participaram da atividade 23 aluno videntes e 5 com deficiência visual, de 8º e 9ª anos do ensino fundamental, de duas escolas públicas do Rio Grande do Sul.  Os resultados mostraram que a utilização de modelos didáticos tridimensionais, construídos de forma que fossem possíveis tateá-los, manipula-los, pode contribuir para a inclusão de alunos com deficiência visual na classe regular de ensino, assim como tornar o ensino de Biologia Celular mais atrativo e dinâmico. Os alunos tiveram um bom aproveitamento em relação ao aprendizado relativo a diversidade das formas celulares e do papel das células nos processos de crescimento e cicatrização.
O ENSINO DA GEOGRAFIA APLICADO À LEI 10.639
Authors: Neves Pedro Dias Mangolini , Santos Aldenir Dias dos
Published: September 2019

O objeto desta pesquisa é o projeto de intervenção pedagógica desenvolvido na Escola Municipal Professora Geni Chaves localizado no município de Uberaba, com o envolvimento de alunos, professores e equipe pedagógica no nível ensino fundamental II (6º a 9º ano) cujo foco é o tratamento para a educação das relações étnico raciais de forma positiva, bem como o estudo da história e cultura Afro-Brasileira e Africana. Como objetivo geral deste trabalho no que tange a aplicação desta intervenção pedagógica, o professor (da disciplina Geografia) aplicou, em fases distintas no ensino fundamental II, conteúdos que estão na Matriz Pedagógica com desenvolvimento de atividades, como elaboração de banco de dados para posterior produções cartográficas, que visem o reconhecimento da memória histórico brasileiro e afro-brasileiro através da valorização e cultura das nações africanas, como análise e mapeamento da Diáspora Africana (7º ano) e análise e mapeamento dos reinos e impérios do continente africano (9º ano). Foi percebido que houve uma maior compreensão da temática africana e afro-brasileira pelos alunos através do estudo e observação dos mapas desenvolvidos.
PROVA EMPRESTADA NO PROCESSO CIVIL BRASILEIRO: UMA ANÁLISE PRELIMINAR
Authors: De Campos Yuri Daibert Salomão
Published: September 2019

O presente estudo aborda o instituto da prova emprestada no processo civil brasileiro. Apesar de não haver previsão legal, examina-se a possibilidade de sua produção, as condições e pressupostos para que seja admitida, evidenciando-se a excepcionalidade de sua produção. São investigadas, na doutrina e na jurisprudência, o melhor entendimento acerca do instituto, não somente no âmbito do processo civil, como também do penal.  Analisam-se também os requisitos para sua produção. Finalmente, aborda-se a previsão do novo Código de Processo Civil sobre o empréstimo de prova.
ALGORITMO PARA DETECÇÃO AUTOMÁTICA DE PIVÔS CENTRAIS
Authors: Araujo Glaucio Luciano , Mantovani Everardo Chartuni , Luppi Alixandre Sanquetta L. , Klippel Andréia Hollunder
Published: September 2019

A crescente demanda por alimentos tornou o uso da irrigação imprescindível em todo o mundo, não somente restrita a regiões semi-áridas, a exemplo do Nordeste brasileiro; mas estendendo-se para regiões semi-úmidas, visando um aumento da produtividade ou da possibilidade de uma segunda safra. A área ocupada pela agricultura irrigada no Brasil ocupa apenas 18% da área cultivada e responde por aproximadamente 42% da produção total de alimentos. A irrigação por pivô central se expandiu acentuadamente no Brasil nos últimos anos, mais notadamente nos estados de São Paulo, Goiás, Minas Gerais e Bahia. As imagens de satélite de média resolução são bastante utilizadas para a identificação e a quantificação de áreas irrigadas por pivô central. Esse sistema pode ser facilmente identificado através de análises visuais devido a sua geometria predominantemente circular. A detecção de áreas irrigadas com pivôs centrais pode servir como indicativo do nível de tecnologia da agricultura de determinada região ou também no planejamento dos recursos hídricos disponíveis nas bacias hidrográficas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar e calibrar um algoritmo para detecção de pivôs centrais, utilizando imagens do satélite Landsat-8. Acalibração com o nível de sensibilidade 0,85 e gradiente para bordas igual a 0,0 obteve resultado satisfatório para a detecção de pivôs centrais. O algoritmo proposto apresentou em média 60,64% de exatidão global, 39,36% de Erro A e 14,44% de Erro B.
Research Field Development for Community and Heritage in Egypt
Authors: Senousy Moaaz , Hassan Aleya , ElMeligy Aya , Mostafa Ahlam
Published: September 2019

In the last years there has been a collapse in Research Field Our project contributes the development of the scientific research system in Egypt.Findings:there is a lack of organizations that aim to develop scientific research field in addition there is no awareness from community specially educated class of the value of scientific research field. The efficiency of scientific field in Egypt isn't suitable enough to contribute in conserve heritage and community restoration.Practical implications: our case study is located in ''Magra Al'' district which is considered a cultural heritage district where ''Magra Al Oyoon Wall'' is located, which is considered the main land mark of this district, it is facing many problems, it is partly dilapidated and surrounded with slums, this slums have a lot of issues such as population and health problems. Our basic design of study including; Historical study about 'Magra Al' heritage, Social, LegalUrban studies and SWOT analysis for the current situation. As a result of our analysis and studies in the context of the research topic, we found that the most suitable types of innovation centers are 'Medical Research Center' and 'Monument Restoration and Research Center'.
Community Center as a Cultural Hub, for Cultural Heritage Conservation
Authors: Tony Yassmin , ElMeligy Aya , Refaat Darin , ElSayed Gehan
Published: September 2019

Community centers are a type of community development services that promote social relationships and mutual support, develop a sense of self-reliance, social responsibility and community cohesion, as well as empowering individuals and families to solve common social problems. In doing so, community centers enhance, one way or another, the community's quality of life. The successful design of community centers ought to accomplish a set of goals in different aspects ;1- Socially, providing a safe place to practice various activities, 2- Environmentally, ensuring a healthy environment through utilizing natural ventilation, lighting, among other passive techniques, 3-Recreational, offering different kinds of entertainment activities, either indoor or outdoor, such as commercial spaces and sports facilities, 4-Economically, attracting different visitors and promoting tourism, 5- Educational, providing a pleasant environment for educational services for the illiterate and children. The importance of the above-mentioned goals is greatly escalated in urban contexts with diverse social, urban and status, as in the case of " Magra Al " district. A rich historical area that has been severely affected by population growth, deteriorated urban state, plethora of social, economical, and environmental problems. The main aim of the research is to provide an overview of the design criteria of community centers taking into consideration the mutual impacts between the design and the surrounding context, focusing on the significant value of " Magra Al " district as one of Cairo's heritage sites, thus ensuring its sustainability.
Managing Heritage through Facilities Data Management Heritage Information System
Authors: Hafez Noha M. Effat
Published: September 2019

For the conservation of cultural Heritage projects to succeed, charters and international conferences called for organizing an order between the stakeholders to manage the implementation of these projects, and so conserving the cultural heritage sites properly.Heritage Management is a wide range field needed urgently for the conservation of Heritage, and respectively needs a wide base of data; an inventory or archive that facilitates sharing data to expand awareness and understanding of Heritage sites, using facilities management information system will establish an archive that provides the conservation professionals with the data needed in restoring — reuse and maintaining the historical sites, as well as allowing users to easy access of detailed, accurate, controllable and adequate historical information about these sites.
The effect of the reciprocal relations of the deterioration symptoms in different building materials in some of historic Cairo's buildings
Authors: Mohamed Essam H.
Published: September 2019

In the present study, since historic Cairo established, limestone and woods have been used for building construction alongside. The building materials representingcase studies in historic Cairo are affected by different deterioration factors, such as rising ground water level, the salt weathering, air pollution, frequency between temperatureandrelative humidity, and microbiological deterioration.From case studies survey various types of weathering forms were observed, such as granular disintegration, splitting in the wooden lintel, the efflorescence of salt, pitting in limestone surface, black spots in limestone surface due to microbiological deterioration, black crust and peeling, flaking of painting layers, etc. The aim of this study is to identify on the reciprocal relations ofthe deterioration symptoms in different building materials (limestonewood) used in some of historic Cairo's buildings. The samples were collected from different sites, investigated by several scientific techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), EDX analytical methods, Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopy (FTIR) to detect the changes of the main wood components (cellulose,, lignin), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Polarizing Light Microscopy (PLM), Stereo Microscopy, and microbiological investigation were also done. The results of the study indicated that there was a fungal infection on the surface of limestone, in particular which is found close to the wooden elements, microbiological investigation was shownthe following fungi:,,,,,. From investigation of wood samples are shown that there is a rise moisture content in the wood materials, due to direct connection between them and adjacent the stones, in addition to crystallized salts found in wood fiber and internal structure of limestone, such as NaCl, CaSO4.2H2O, CaSO4; due to the effect ofbuilding material properties on each other. Furthermore, the physical and mechanical properties tests of building materials indicated that reduction in its properties.
Mirroring the Gap between Theory and Practice: ELT Juniors’ Auto-Criticism on their Teaching
Authors: İlin Gülden
Published: September 2019

To
trigger the ELT sophomores’ awareness on their teaching practices, in the
Teaching English to Young Learners course, most frequent 45 positive and
negative teaching practices of 72 students were identified during their micro
teaching sessions. On the basis of these, a script of an imaginary session of
an anonymous teacher was created. Then, as a sit-down exam, the students were
asked to criticize any 20 out of 45 behaviors in the script. Analysis of the
exam papers revealed a mismatch in how students conducted their lessons and how
they evaluated the same teaching practice. The discrepancies in theory and
practice and the consequences of this procedure on students’ understanding of
their own teaching were discussed with the students. Field notes of these discussions
constituted another data source. Lacking in experience and confidence, feeling
of shyness and nervousness and finally the exam, harmonizing with the existing
educational system through which the students came to the university, appeared
to be the underlying reasons for the results.