bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro digestibility of fermented rice straw combined with different levels of green concentrate
Authors: Fattah A H , Syamsu J A , Natsir A , Garantjang S
Published: June 2020

One way to further improving the nutritive value of fermented rice straw (FRS) is by combining it with a high-quality feedstuff such as green concentrate. The purpose of this study was to assess the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of FRS mixed with different levels of green concentrate prepared from different legume trees. The study was carried out according to a completely randomized design consisting of 10 treatments and three replications. The treatments were C = 100% FRS (control), A1 = 90% FRS + 10% Gamal meal, A2 = 80% FRS + 20% Gamal meal, A3 = 70% FRS+ 30% Gamal meal; B1 = 90% FRS + 10% Lamtoro meal, B2 = 80% FRS + 20% Lamtoro meal, B3 = 70% FRS + 30% Lamtoro meal, C1 = 90% FRS + 10% Indigofera meal, C2 = 80% FRS + 20% Indigofera meal, and C3 = 70% FRS + 30% Indigofera meal. Data analysis indicated that IVDMD and IVOM of FRS (control) was much less (P<0.05) than those of FRS combined with green concentrate. Among the green concentrate treatments, the IVDMD and IVOMD of FRS mixed with either Lamtoro or Gamal meal were less (P<0.05) than those of FRS combined with Indigofera meal, while IVDMD and IVOMD of FRS + Gamal meal were similar (P>0.05) to those of FRS + Lamtoro meal. Within each legume meal, the IVDMD and IVOMD significantly increased (P<0.05) as the level of legume meal in the mixture increased. In conclusion, the nutritive value of fermented rice straw could be boosted through substituting some of the FRS with green concentrate and among three different legume meals used as a green concentrate, the use of Indigofera meal resulting in the biggest improvement in terms of IVDMD and IVOMD compared with the use either Gamal or Lamtoro meal.
Analysis of potential region development of beef cattle in Bima regency, West Nusa Tenggara province
Authors: Sayudin M , Syamsu J A , Syahrir S
Published: June 2020

This research to analyze the potential of the base and non-base sector development of beef cattle population in Bima regency and know the region that can be used as a center for beef cattle development based on the region’s potential and carrying capacity of rice straw as a source of feed. This research is descriptive. Data collection is done by means of surveys, observations and direct interviews. Source of data comes from primary and secondary data (related institutions). Data were analyzed by analyzing the density of livestock region, comparative advantage of beef cattle using the LQ method, and the status of beef cattle development regional. The results showed that the distribution region group consisted of Monta, Parado, Madapangga, Langgudu, Lambu and Soromandi districts. Stabilization region group is Bolo, Belo, Palibelo, Wawo, Donggo and Tambora districts. Development region groups is Woha, Sape, Wera and Ambalawi districts. Supporting region group is Lambitu district.
Body weight and morphometrics of Bali cattle at people breeding station and non breeding station areas
Authors: Garantjang S , Ako A , Syawal S , Yuliati F N , Hatta M , Talib C
Published: June 2020

People Breeding Station is a Bali cattle breeding instalation that was established by the Livestock Services of Bone Regency to maintain perform preservation breeding stock of Bali cattle. The research aims to analyze the differences body weight and morphometric of Bali cattle at different age proups in the area of People Breeding Station (PBS) and Non People Breeding Station (NPBS). The total number of measurable Bali cattle was 204 heads each consisted of 96 male and 108 females from PBS and NPBS. Mean and standard deviation of body weight Bali male cattle at PBS was significantly higher (p<0.01) than body weight of cattle at NPBS of the same age groups. Mean and standar deviation Bali of body weight male cattle mature (2.6-3.0) years in PBS is 246.58 ± 34.54 kg and in NPBS 187.17±21.67 kg. Mean and standard deviation body weight of Bali female cattle in PBS significantly (p<0.01) higher than in NPBS for age 0.1-1.0 and 1.1-2.0 years group but body weight for 2.1-3.0 and 3.1-4.0 years groups in PBS non significantly (p>0.05) than in NPBS. Mean and standard deviation body weight of Bali female Cattle age 3.1-4.0 years in PBS is 216.46 ± 32.87 kg and in NPBS isw 198.85±5.32 kg. All of morphometrics data was found that such as body lenght (BL), shoulder height (SH) and chest circumference (CC) of Bali cattle increased with the age advancement. Morphometrics of Bali cattle for age less than 3 years in PBS significantly (p<0.01) higher than Bali cattle in NPBS. In conclusion, the body weight and morphometrics of Bali cattle at PBS was higher than those at NPBS.
The evaluation of changes in organoleptic flavor of fermented egg whites at different levels and types of fruit
Authors: Nahariah N , Hikmah H , Yuliati F N
Published: June 2020

The addition of fruits with different levels in eggs is expected to improve the quality of fermented egg whites products. The egg whites fermentation process causes changes in the organoleptic flavor of the egg. The study aimed to evaluate changes in the organoleptic taste of fermented egg whites by the addition of different levels and types of fruit. This study was arranged according to a completely randomized design with a 4x5 factorial pattern. Factor A was the level of fruit (10, 20, 30 and 40%, respectively). Factor B was fruit type (melons, apples, mangoes, oranges and dragon fruit, respectively). The parameters measured were organoleptic flavors which included fruit flavors, egg flavors and acid flavors. The results showed that the addition of different levels of fruit had a significant effect (P<0.01) on fruit flavor changes, but the types of fruit showed no significant effect. The addition of different types of fruit had a significant effect (P<0.05) on changes in egg flavor. However, the level of fruit addition did not show any significant effect on changes in egg flavor. The addition of fruit types and levels did not show a significant effect on changes in acid flavor in fermented eggs. The addition of a level of 30% indicates a higher fruit flavor than other levels. The addition of fruit did not change the fruit and acid flavors. But it can reduce the flavors of eggs in fermented egg whites.
Brightness, elongation and thickness of edible film with caseinate sodium using a type of plasticizer
Authors: Maruddin F , Malaka R , Baba S , Amqam H , Taufik M , Sabil S
Published: June 2020

The use of plasticizer could improve the flexibility, elasticity and friability of edible films. The characteristics of edible film made from caseinate sodium were influenced by the use of plasticizer types. The differences in material source and molecular weight of plasticizers type various result in the interaction of hydrogen bonds between water-protein-plasticizer molecules and further cause differences in the physical characteristics of edible films. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of plasticizer types (glycerol, sorbitol and polyethylene glycol (PEG)) on the characteristics of edible films. The edible film characteristics observed were color L * (brightness), elongation and thickness. Data were analyzed with complete random design and repeated for three times. The use of plasticizer type affected the edible color value (L *) around 85.62-87.43 (close to white). However, the type of plasticizer did not affect the elongation and thickness of the edible film. The range of elongation and thickness of the edible film with the use of a type of plasticizer was around 15.96-16.22% and an average of about 0.15 mm. The color value of L * (brightness) of edible film using sorbitol plasticizers type was higher than that using glycerol and PEG. The characteristics of edible films using sorbitol plasticizers were better, compared to those using glycerol and PEG.
Physicochemical quality of biscuits in various compositions of wheat flour, dangke flour and sago flour
Authors: Marwah  , Hatta W , Nahariah
Published: June 2020

Biscuits are processed food products made from flour; however, the supply of the flour depends heavily on foreign producers. This study aimed to examine the use of dangke flour and sago flour to substitute wheat flour in biscuit formulations. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) of one factor. The treatments of the compositions of wheat flour, dangke flour, and sago flour (%) in the biscuit formulation were100: 0: 0; 80: 20: 0; 60:30:10; 40:40:20; 20:50:30; and 0:60:40 respectively. The results showed that the compositions of wheat flour, dangke flour, and sago flour had very significant effects (p<0.01) on water content, dissolved protein, aroma, texture and preference but had no significant effects on yield and biscuit fat. The best composition of wheat flour, dangke flour and sago flour was 0:60:40 in the formulation. The produced biscuits had a yield of 84.16%, a moisture content of 1.96%, dissolved protein of 19.26%, fat content of 9.55%, flavor of 6.18%, texture of 6.25% and preference of 6.02%.
Non-carcass characteristics of intensive fattening of Kacang goat with different sex
Authors: Hatta M , Baco S , Hastang
Published: June 2020

This study was aimed to examine the characteristics of non-carcasses with economic and non-economic value in male and female goats that are fattened intensively. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Livestock Production and Laboratory of Feed Biochemistry, Hasanuddin University Makassar. This study used 16 yearling Kacang goats, consist of eight males and eight females. During the intensive fattening stage, the animals were fed 3% of mix ration based on the dry matter and body weight for three months. The second stage was slaughtering and dressing carcasses. This stage the goats are weighed before slaughtered, after that, the carcass is carried out and weighed all the non-carcass parts. Data were analyzed using the T-test and descriptive. Data processing using SPSS version 16 computer program package. The results of research on Kacang goats showed that the percentage of the total non-carcass weight of male goats was relatively the same compared to female Kacang goats. Males non-carcass weights have economic value relatively higher than female goats.
The antioxidant value of chicken eggs subjected to the fermentation using Lactobacillus
plantarum at different temperature and incubation time
Authors: Mangalisu A , Abustam E , Nahariah N
Published: June 2020

Eggs contain antioxidants that are very beneficial to the body, but the antioxidants found on egg consumption was still low. Increased antioxidants can be done with the utilization of fermentation technology with Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria. This research used a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern, with the treatment of temperature and time incubation, each with three replications. As many as 243 fresh chicken eggs obtained from a chicken farm, fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC 0027. Parameters measured in the research were bacterial count (Log10 CFU/mL), dissolved protein (%), antioxidant activity (%) and antioxidant concentration (mL GAE/100mL). The research results indicated that an increase in the number of bacteria, dissolved proteins, and antioxidant activity but a decrease of the concentration antioxidants with increasing temperature and time incubation. Antioxidant activity on eggs chicken fermented of optimum at 37ºC incubated temperature for 96 hours of incubation time.
Animal reproduction strategies for sustainable livestock production in the tropics
Authors: Hufana-Duran D , Duran P G
Published: June 2020

Animal reproduction is an integral component for a sustainable livestock production. Enhancing the reproduction potential of animals without compromising the welfare would lead towards sustainable animal production. Careful attention adopting technological interventions would result to efficient performance and guarantees profit and sustainability. In the tropical environment, the effect of heat stress, food and water scarcity during summer affects the reproduction performance in most livestock species. Low expression of estrus, poor libido, incidence of abortion especially during prolonged exposure to direct sunlight, and embryonic death are among the problems that compromised reproductive efficiency. Through advance reproductive biotechnologies and management innovations and interventions, these problems could be controlled. The application of reproductive biotechnology tools such as estrus synchronization (ES), artificial insemination (AI), embryo transfer (ET) through multiple ovulation and in vivo collection of embryos, in-vitro embryo production (IVEP) and cryopreservation, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to produce the desired breed and sex of animal, and other reproductive biotechnologies that enhances reproduction potential are important innovations that can address specific needs and purpose for animal reproduction. The strategies, innovations, and important practices in the application of these reproductive tools and interventions are presented and discussed considering the welfare of the animals for a sustainable livestock production in a tropical environment.
Reproductive performance of dairy cows in a smallholder farm
Authors: Yusuf M , Sahiruddin
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to know the reproductive performance of dairy cows in a smallholder farm. The study was conducted in a dairy tie stall housing system farm with herd size of 30 dairy cattle in Enrekang Regency, Indonesia. A total of 25 dairy cows was observed during the study period. Reproductive parameters used in the present study were service per conception, interval from calving to conception, duration of pregnancy, and calving interval. The results of this study showed that out of 25 dairy cows observed, 20 of them become pregnant after one or more insemination. The average (± standard deviation; SD) duration of pregnancy was 273.40 ± 5.38 days after 1.55 ± 0.76 inseminations. After calving, 13 cows (65.0%) become pregnant after repeated inseminations (3.00 ± 2.24) with interval from calving to conception, duration of pregnancy, and calving interval were 254.31 ± 187.78 days, 275.54 ± 4.46 days, and 529.85 ± 189.32 days, respectively. For the third pregnancy, out of 13 dairy cows, only six cows (46%) become pregnant after repeated inseminations with service per conception was 2.00 ± 0.89 times. The interval from calving to conception, duration of pregnancy, and calving interval were 129.17 ± 46.24 days, 275.00 ± 4.98 days, and 404.17 ± 48.87 days, respectively. The overall service per conception times, interval from calving to conception, duration of pregnancy, and calving interval of dairy cows in a smallholder farm were 2.05 ± 1.49 times, 214.79 ± 166.35 days, 274.51 ± 5.10 days, and 490.16 ± 167.81 days, respectively. In conclusion, reproductive performance of dairy cows in a smallholder farm decreased after first calving as well as the number of cows become pregnant.
The quality of sperm post-immobilization at some parts of FH sperm using laser diodes
Authors: Diansyah A M , Yusuf M , Kaiin E M
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to find the proper method for sperms immobilization without reducing DNA integrity and damaging the shape of bovine sperms. Sperm immobilization was carried out by double shots using laser Octax MTG with wavelength of 1.48 μm and Eye Ware 3.0 software. A total of 20 sperms were shoot at 4 points, which was the tail end, the mid-tail, the neck and the head of the sperms. The shooting of 1.48 μm laser had the highest effect on immobility reaching 100% on the head and the DNA integrity of the sperms reached up to 90%, the shape of sperms was remained normal (100%) and did not showing significant effect. The results of this study indicated that (1) the laser diode with a wavelength of 1.48 μm at the mid-tail section of the sperm was most effective for sperm immobilization; (2) the use of laser diodes with a wavelength of 1.48 μm can be used to immobilize the sperms before intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The diode laser shooting with a wavelength of 1.48 μm at the tail was the most effective in immobilizing the sperms with an immobility of 95.00 %± 5.98 and DNA integrity of 85.00% ± 11.65.
The effect of superovulation and different feed protein levels on sow reproductive performance
Authors: Lapian Mien Th R , Pendong A F , Rahasia C A , Poli Z , Rawung V R W
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of superovulation and different feed protein levels before mating on sow reproductive performance. Eighteen gilts weighted 100-107 kg were used in this study. There were two types of hormones used for superovulation agents in this study, namely PMSG (Folligon, Intervet, North-Holland) and hCG (Chorulon, Intervet, North-Holland). Meanwhile, prostaglandins (Prosolvin, Intervet, North-Holland) was used to synchronized estrus. The study was arranged using a completely randomized design with a factorial model of 2×3, whereas the first treatment factor was the superovulation hormone PMSG + hCG with two levels, namely zero injection of hormones (as a control) and hormone injections; and the second treatment factor was the level of feed protein with three levels of administration, namely: 14%, 16% and 18% level of feed protein, respectively. Each treatment combination was repeated 3 (three) times. The variables observed were the gestation period of the sow, the weight of sow at the end of pregnancy, and the birth litter size. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect on the gestation period of sows and its body weight at the end of gestation, but there was no significant difference in the litter size of birth. It is concluded, the reproductive performance of sows through superovulation and feed protein level before mating, were able to shorten the length of gestation, improve the bodyweight of pregnant sows and litter size born.
Strategies to increase growth early embryo stages of bovine in achieving blastocysts in vitro: A Review
Authors: Damayanti E , Sonjaya H , Hasbi H , Baco S
Published: June 2020

The growth of bovine embryos in vitro begins with fertilization is the unification of male and female gametes in the fertilization media into zygote. After unification, the embryo will cleavage from two cells until they reach a blastocyst which can be transferred to the recipient. One of indicator the success of bovine embryo culture in vitro is the ability of the embryo from an early stage of development to reach blastocyst. To achieve this aim an embryo enhancement strategy is needed to reach the blastocyst stage. Various strategies that can be carried out for the improvement include the use of an appropriate maturation media, removed cumulus cells and the addition of hormones to the culture media. The use of CR1aa media in culture media can reach 27.0% of embryos that reach blastosis of total fertilized oocytes. Removal of cumulus cells after 48 hours of fertilization can increase the development of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage. In addition, by increasing the TGFβ hormone 1 ng/ml + bFGF 50 ng/ml can increase the levels of 2 cells by 314 reaching the blastocyst level of 30 embryos.
Prevalence of Brucella abortus antibody in serum of Bali cattle in South Sulawesi
Authors: Prahesti K I , Malaka R , Yuliati F N
Published: June 2020

Brucellosis in cattle is a zoonotic disease that causes abortion. This disease is highly contagious and difficult to control. Clinical symptoms Brucellosis is not pathognomonic and often asymptomatic thereof laboratory assessment is needed for serological detection of Brucellosis. A total of 235 blood samples were obtained from Bali cattle farms in three regencies, Enrekang, Barru, and Soppeng. Serological detection was carried out by the RBT method and further confirmed by the CFT method. Results showed that Brucellosis seroprevalence was 12.76%. The highest incidence rate was in Enrekang Regency with a value of 15.60%, followed by Soppeng and Barru Regency, of 9.09% and 2.50%, respectively. These results indicated that Brucellosis is still enzootic in the South Sulawesi region.
Sanitary hygiene implementation at Salmonella sp. critical control points in layer farms
Authors: Thaha A H , Malaka R , Hatta W , Marmansari D , Purwanto E , Kiramang K , Hafsan
Published: June 2020

Contamination in food products can occur at any stages, from pre-production to producer, post-production to the product being distributed and presented to consumers. This study aims to determine the extent of the application of sanitation hygiene at the critical control points of Salmonella sp. so that the description of the conditions and the relationship between the presence in the chicken egg chain in farms until it is ready to be distributed. This research was conducted on 72 laying hen farms in the same area using a cross-sectional study design. Data collection methods are observations and interviews regarding sanitation hygiene practices that include the application of sanitation hygiene to eggs, feed, cages, and workers. Critical control points of Salmonella sp. the spread, which was observed consisted of poultry cages, egg collection process, egg evaluation, and chicken eggs ready for distribution. The results showed that sanitation hygiene practices in layer farms were mostly implemented in cages (67%) and eggs (56%), while the application of sanitation hygiene was not widely applied in the feed (20%) and workers (28%).
Morphological and mating behavioral characteristics polled Bali cattle
Authors: Zulkharnaim  , Baco S , Yusuf M , Rahim L
Published: June 2020

This research aimed to identify morphological characteristics Bali polled cattle and to know the mating behavioral characteristics of Bali polled male. Morphological characteristics research used 100 head samples, including 11 head of polled cattle and 89 head of horned cattle. Identification of morphological characteristics using t-test independent sample using analysis Completely Randomized Design. Mating behavioral characteristics research used 5 head samples, including 3 head of polled cattle and 2 head of horned cattle. Mating behavioral characteristics were analyzed by several parameters: the first time teasing a teaser (second), when flehmen arise (second) and frequency or number of flehmen (times)The results showed that the morphological characteristics Bali polled cattle were not significantly different with Bali horned. The mating behavioral characteristics of Bali polled cattle were not significantly different with Bali horned.
Formation and phenotypic performance of the new breed POGASI Agrinak cattle
Authors: Aryogi  , Pamungkas D , Efendy J
Published: June 2020

To increase domestic meat production is needed beef cattles which can be cultivated in marginal areas with feed conditions that are limited in quality and quantity. The new breed of POGASI (PO Grati Hasil Seleksi) Agrinak cattle is formed to have optimal productivity in provision of low-quality feed. Ongole Crossed (OC) cattle from selection at farmers in 2002– 2003, are developed in experimental stall at Beef Cattle Research Station by gradually selected and regulation of mating into optimum excellence in providing low quality feed (low crude protein and energy but high crude fiber, made from agricultural by-products and by-products of processing agricultural products), continuously extorting for 14 years. In 2017, the new breed beef cattle, POGASI Agrinak, is formed which is the fourth generation. POGASI cattle has penotypic performance specific, likes body color is yellowish white, short and large horns, hump grows upward, screw is small but wide, body weight and size are greater and ability to utilize feed nutrients is better than compared to OC cattle. POGASI cattle are suitable to be cultivated in marginal areas where feed availability is limited in quality and quantity.
Comparative evaluation of heritability value and non genetic factor affecting reproduction traits in Ongole cross cattle
Authors: Gunawan A , Irianto A , Harahap R S , Azmi N , Listyarini K , Ulum M F , Muladno
Published: June 2020

Evaluation of genetic factors such as heritability value and non genetic factors of reproductive traits has a vital role in improving breeding and management practices of beef cattle. The aim of the present study was to evaluate heritability value and non-genetic factors affecting reproductive traits in Ongole grade cattle. Five hundred and fifty-three (553) records of reproductive traits including age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), days open (DO) of cows distributed over a period of 8 years (2012 to 2019) were used to predict genetic and non-genetic parameters. Parity, sex, mating system, season, and year of birth calf were included in the model to estimate their effect on reproductive traits. Heritability estimation was calculated using Mixed Model analysis by SAS 9.4. The General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS program, version 9.4 was used to estimate non-genetic factors. Overall mean values for AFC, CI and DO were 39.62±0.39 months, 393.81±2.85 days, 84.29±0.34, respectively. The results revealed that AFC, CI and DO were significantly (P<0.01) affected by mating system but sex, parity, year of birth had no significant (P>0.05) influence. Concerning AFC, season affected AFC of Ongole grade. Prediction of heritability AFC, CI and DO were 0.28±0.026; 0.46±0.007 and 0.21±0.040, respectively. We might conclude that the improvement of reproductive traits in Ongole grade cattle was possible by improving genetic merit by selection criteria using genetic parameters and utilization of controlled breeding techniques.
The policy of Tanete Village government to create conducive laying chicken farm business climate
Authors: Djamaluddin A , Asriadi A R , Abdullahi A B
Published: June 2020

The effort made by the government and all stakeholders in the field of farming is farmer empowerment individually, collectively and with synergy by providing various facilities so that the farmers can produce quality and competitive products, which in the end will lead to welfare for the farmers and their families. Therefore, a study was performed on the policy of Tanete Village government to create conducive laying chicken farm business climate. The present study was performed in Tanete Village, Maritengngae Sub-district, Sidenrang Rappang Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia on July–September 2019. The research method was qualitative method without phenomenological type. The collected data was primary data and secondary data and the methods were observation, document review, and interview. The informants were determined by purposive technique. Then, data analysis was performed by data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing/verification. The research on the policy of Tanete Village government to create conducive laying chicken farm business climate concludes that: (1) business certainty by providing equal opportunities for everyone who wants to start laying chicken farm; (2) ease in farming business registration service since as of today, there is no application for laying chicken farm business license turned down by the village government; (3) no unhealthy business competition due to poultry association which supports harmony among the businesses, thus creating conducive and uniform egg price; (4) good health status of the animals due to cooperation between the farmers and department of farming, as well as the roles of the business partners in managing biosecurity.
Projection of rice production and consumption in Maros regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Hikmah A N , Asrul L , Rukmana D
Published: June 2020

Rice is the main food source for most of the population in Maros regency. Maros regency is one of the rice producing district in South Sulawesi, but has experienced a very intensive conversion of agricultural land to infrastructure development compared to other regency in the province of South Sulawesi. This will lead to a decrease in production, which will have an impact on food security in the future. In addition to increasing the amount of rice production, an analysis of rice food requirements in Maros regency is also needed. Therefore, research and projection on the production and consumption of rice in Maros regency is needed in the future. With this projection, we can estimate the quantity of rice available in Maros regency. This research aims to determine the estimated quantity of rice production and consumption in Maros regency from 2019 to 2023. The data used in this research are secondary data, time series for the period 2007-2018. This research was a descriptive qualitative and quantitative research. Data processing in this research using software Minitab 17 and Microsoft Office Excel. The analysis showed that the development of production in Maros regency from 2019 to 2023 has increased every year. The forecast result showed, Maros regency has a surplus of rice in 2019 as big as 247,395 ton up to 2020 as big as 284,168 ton. While rice consumption in Maros regency in 2019 as big as 33,569 ton and 2023 as big as 32,106 ton.
Strategy development of commodity potato granola (Solanum tuberosom L.) in Tombolo Pao district Gowa Regency
Authors: Saleh M I , Rukmana D , Hamid N
Published: June 2020

The study aims to describe the granola potato agribusiness in the Tombolopao District; identify strategic issues of granola potato agribusiness to see internal and external conditions and formulate priority strategies for developing granola potato agribusiness in the Tombolopao District Gowa Regency. The research method is descriptive. The farming analysis is IFE, EFE and SWOT analysis. The results show that the potato agribusiness system condition in the of Tombolopao is still not running optimally, due to the non-functioning of the upstream subsystem, where the procurement of production inputs (for granola potato seeds). In the farming subsystem, potato cultivation has provided benefits to farmers. The farming is feasible to be developed with R/C for cash of 3.30. Which means that every rupiah incurred will provide revenue of 3.30, while R/C for the total cost of 3.25. Which means that every rupiah cash incurred will provide 3.25 receipts. In the marketing subsystem. potatoes have been marketed to Kalimantan and Southeast Sulawesi. Prices are determined by collectors. In the downstream (processing) subsystem. Not all of the processed potato entrepreneurs use potatoes as their raw material, which causes new potatoes to be sold in fresh products. In the service and support subsystem, supported by agricultural extension workers, who accompany and provide information related to potato cultivation, but from supporting capital., farmers have not utilized credit provided by financial institutions because they still use private capital. Key internal factors, high demand with a weight of 3.60 is the main strength, and weaknesses are at the level of capital which is still limited with a weight of 2.00 while the external key factor of the opportunity factor that ranks first in the support of the government with a score of 0.22 and weaknesses is in the location of relatively expensive production facilities with a score of 0.18
Analysis of farmers satisfaction on the services quality of cattle insurance program in Manuju District, Gowa Regency
Authors: Annisa A , Ridwan M , Rasyid T
Published: June 2020

The Livestock and Animal Health Service Office of South Sulawesi Province stated that in 2017 beef cattle in Gowa Regency registered in insurance reached 1,367, while in 2018 decreased significantly to 1,140. The decrease in number of insured cattle indicates a decrease in the number of farmers participating in the insurance program. This study aims to determine the Satisfaction Index of cattle farmers on the services quality of Cattle Insurance Program in Manuju District, Gowa Regency. This study was conducted from May to July 2019 with a type of descriptive quantitative research. The sample used was 50 participants who are/were insurance participants. The data collected through literature study, interviews and questionnaires. The data analysed with two methods of Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). The results indicate that the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) of farmers is 68.49% which included in the category of Good. The top priority attributes in service quality of Cattle Insurance Program, namely Punctuality of claims payment, Management of administration and Clarity of CIP information.
Constraints and role of women in beef cattle farming to access financing in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Asnawi A , Nurlaelah S , Hastang  , Abdullah A
Published: June 2020

Beef cattle farming plays an important role in the fulfillment of meat for human needs, reducing poverty and unemployment in Indonesia. Although the role is very large, one of the challenges faced is the low accessibility of financing. This study was aimed to determine the constraints and roles faced by women to access financing in the beef cattle farming. Data were collected through a survey using questionnaires with a sample size of 80 people. This was descriptive research and used descriptive statistical analysis. The result revealed that the greater workload of women in housekeeping and relatively small time allocations and autonomy in determining financing decisions is a constraint faced by women. The role of women were the contributor, in giving consideration whether need to be financed with debt or not, able to control the risk of financing because women are usually more careful in making decisions related; Collaborators, women collaborate with their husbands in managing livestock conducted, while still taking care of household chores and family activities, participate in decisions and use of resources and assets, it is rare to find women who have a small side business that can sustain business capacity, and; Main Proprietor, her own income-generating in beef cattle farming, which she manages and controls herself, provides input to family financial decisions and asset use.
Obstacles in the application of beef cattle insurance in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Pratiwi N A , Sirajuddin S N , Asnawi A
Published: June 2020

Cattle Business Insurance is one of the important programs to support the livestock sector. The purpose of this study was to determine the farmers’ perceptions of the time of cattle business insurance claims in Gowa. This research was conducted in April 2019 which was located in Gowa Regency. The population in this study is the largest number of farmers who have participated in the cattle insurance program as many as 69 farmers. The results showed that the claim time is the biggest obstacle to the implementation of cattle business insurance because the time given is very short while the number of requirements that should be completed. The conclusion of this study is the farmers’ perceptions of the time the cattle business insurance claims are in the District, including a major obstacle for farmers.
Identification of breeder’s capacity on adoption technology in university profit-sharing partnerships in Tanete Riaja District, Barru Regency
Authors: Qinayah M , Sirajuddin S N , Asnawi A , Alwi N
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research was to identify the capacity of breeders who conduct profit-sharing partnerships with Hasanuddin University in the development of beef cattle to increase the utilization of existing resources, namely rice straw waste and livestock manure in order to have added value through processing technology innovations and can contribute to increasing business productivity. The study was located in Tanete Riaja District, Barru Regency. Determination of the location was carried out deliberately (purposive) with the consideration that in the area was the location of beef cattle breeding centers which were managed by Hasanuddin University together with the Regional Government of Barru Regency. Determination of breeders as respondents using proportional cluster random sampling with a total of 39 breeders. Research data were collected by conducting a survey using data collection techniques, namely interviews using questionnaires, as well as in-depth interviews (in-depth study) to several key informants. Data analysis is descriptive statistics using a frequency distribution table. The results showed that breeders (respondents) had known the technology of fermentation of rice straw waste and beef cattle waste. However, it turns out breeders do not know well about the technology. It can be seen that breeders applying technology are still low.
Nuclear body phase separation drives telomere clustering in ALT cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Huaiying , Zhao Rongwei , Tones Jason , Liu Michel , Dilley Robert L. , Chenoweth David M. , Greenberg Roger A. , Lampson Michael A.
Published: June 2020

A chemical dimerization approach is developed to induce phase separation of APB nuclear bodies involved in telomere elongation in alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) cancer cells. It reveals that ALT telomere-associated promyelocytic leukemia nuclear body (APB) fusion leads to telomere clustering to provide templates for homology-directed telomere synthesis, an ability that is decoupled from APB function in enriching DNA repair factors.
Transition of podosomes into zipper-like structures in macrophage-derived multinucleated giant cells
Authors: Balabiyev Arnat , Podolnikova Nataly P. , Mursalimov Aibek , Lowry David , Newbern Jason M. , Roberson Robert W. , Ugarova Tatiana P.
Published: June 2020

Our study reveals previously unrecognized actin-based zipper-like structures (ZLSs) formed between macrophage-derived multinucleated giant cells undergoing fusion in vivo and in vitro. It is shown that podosomes are precursors of these structures. The transition of podosomes into ZLSs is induced by bridging plasma membranes by E-cadherin and nectin-2.
Considerations for development of pharmacy support models for COVID-19 alternate care sites
Authors: Nelsen Greg , Pigott Heidi , Hopkinson Caleb , Formea Christine M
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Guidance on alternate care site planning based on the experience of a health-system pharmacy department in preparing for an expected surge in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases is provided.

In disaster response situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare institutions may be compelled to transition to a contingency care model in which staffing and supply levels are no longer consistent with daily practice norms and, while usual patient care practices are maintained, establishment of alternate care sites (eg, a convention center) may be necessitated by high patient volumes. Available resources to assist hospitals and health systems in alternate care site planning include online guidance posted within the COVID-19 resources section of the US Army Corps of Engineers website, which provides recommended medication and supply lists; and the Federal Healthcare Resilience Task Force’s alternate care site toolkit, a comprehensive resource for all aspects of alternate care site planning, including pharmacy services. Important pharmacy planning issues include security and storage of drugs, state board of pharmacy and Drug Enforcement Administration licensing considerations, and staff credentialing, education, and training. Key medication management issues to be addressed in alternate site care planning include logistical challenges of supply chain maintenance, optimal workflow for compounded sterile preparations (eg, on-site preparation vs off-site preparation and delivery from a nearby hospital), and infusion pump availability and suitability to patient acuity levels.

Conclusion

Planning for and operation of alternate care sites in disaster response situations should include involvement of pharmacists in key decision-making processes at the earliest planning stages.
Direct fluorescence imaging of lignocellulosic and suberized cell walls in roots and stems
Authors: Kitin Peter , Nakaba Satoshi , Hunt Christopher G , Lim Sierin , Funada Ryo
Published: June 2020

Investigating plant structure is fundamental in botanical science and provides crucial knowledge for the theories of plant evolution, ecophysiology and for the biotechnological practices. Modern plant anatomy often targets the formation, localization and characterization of cellulosic, lignified or suberized cell walls. While classical methods developed in the 1960s are still popular, recent innovations in tissue preparation, fluorescence staining and microscopy equipment offer advantages to the traditional practices for investigation of the complex lignocellulosic walls. Our goal is to enhance the productivity and quality of microscopy work by focusing on quick and cost-effective preparation of thick sections or plant specimen surfaces and efficient use of direct fluorescent stains. We discuss popular histochemical microscopy techniques for visualization of cell walls, such as autofluorescence or staining with calcofluor, Congo red (CR), fluorol yellow (FY) and safranin, and provide detailed descriptions of our own approaches and protocols. Autofluorescence of lignin in combination with CR and FY staining can clearly differentiate between lignified, suberized and unlignified cell walls in root and stem tissues. Glycerol can serve as an effective clearing medium as well as the carrier of FY for staining of suberin and lipids allowing for observation of thick histological preparations. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of all cell types together with chemical information by wide-field fluorescence or confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was achieved.
Validation Study of a German Cognitive Battery for Huntington’s Disease: Relationship Between Cognitive Performance, Functional Decline, and Disease Burden
Authors: Mühlbäck Alžbeta , Frank Wiebke , Klempířová Olga , Bezdíček Ondřej , Schmitt Lena , Hofstetter Nina , Landwehrmeyer G Bernhard , Klempíř Jiří
Published: June 2020

Objective

Cognitive decline is a key characteristic of Huntington’s disease (HD). This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of a cognitive battery with six tests used by most HD research centers to assess cognitive impairment in HD.

Method

In total, 106 HD patients in different disease stages with more (HD-CD, N = 30) and less cognitive impairments (HD-NC, N = 70) and 100 healthy controls (NC) were matched by age, sex, and education and were examined using a standardized protocol including cognitive, motor, and functional assessments.

Results

One-way between-groups analysis of variance showed that controls performed significantly better than HD patients and that HD-NC significantly outperformed HD-CD patients in all cognitive tests (NC > HD-NC > HD-CD), with all Games-Howell post-hoc tests p < .001. Analyses using area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) disclosed the diagnostic accuracy of all tests included in the battery to discriminate between NC and HD patients with AUC ranging from 0.809 to 0.862 (all p < .001) and between HD-CD and HD-NC patients with AUC ranging from 0.833 to 0.899 (all p < .001). In both analysis, Stroop Color Naming Test showed the highest discriminative potential. Additional analyses showed that cognitive deficits in all domains progressed with disease duration. Moreover, cognitive performance correlated with the severity of motor and functional impairment (all p < .001) and with the Disease Burden Score regardless of disease duration and age.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that the cognitive battery is a suitable tool for assessing cognitive impairment in HD.
Blood Impairs Viability of Fat Grafts and Adipose Stem Cells: Importance of Washing in Fat Processing
Authors: Jin Shengyang , Yang Zhibin , Han Xuefeng , Li Facheng
Published: June 2020

Background

Fat processing plays a pivotal role in graft survival. Each component of the blood in lipoaspirate affects fat survival in different ways, but the mechanisms are not clear.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate, by various experimental methods, the effect of blood on the viability of fat grafts and adipose stem cells (ASCs).

Methods

Blood and fat samples were obtained from 6 female patients undergoing aesthetic liposuction. For the in vivo experiment, we compared fat mixed with normal saline or various ratios of blood in nude mice. The samples were explanted at 2 and 8 weeks to evaluate the gross volume retention and histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics. For in vitro experiments, ASCs were pretreated with hemoglobin at different concentrations and for different times. We then assessed the proliferation, migration, adipogenesis, and reactive oxygen species production of ASCs.

Results

Blood in the graft led to a decrease in graft viability, as evaluated by general observation and histologic and immunohistochemical morphology in vivo. In vitro experiments showed inhibited proliferation, migration, and adipogenesis, and increased reactive oxygen species production in ACSs, after hemoglobin treatment, suggesting impaired ASC viability.

Conclusions

This study suggests that blood impairs the viability of fat grafts and ASCs and provides evidence that washing to remove blood is important in fat processing.
Microbiota-associated Risk Factors for Clostridioides difficile Acquisition in Hospitalized Patients: A Prospective, Multicentric Study
Authors: Solbach Philipp , Chhatwal Patrick , Woltemate Sabrina , Tacconelli Evelina , Buhl Michael , Autenrieth Ingo B , Vehreschild Maria J G T , Jazmati Nathalie , Gerhard Markus , Stein-Thoeringer Christoph K , Rupp Jan , Ulm Kurt , Ott Armin , Lasch Florian , Koch Armin , Manns Michael P , Suerbaum Sebastian , Bachmann Oliver
Published: June 2020

Background

Asymptomatic C. difficile colonization is believed to predispose to subsequent C. difficile infection (CDI). While emerging insights into the role of the commensal microbiota in mediating colonization resistance against C. difficile have associated CDI with specific microbial components, corresponding prospectively collected data on colonization with C. difficile are largely unavailable.

Methods

C. difficile status was assessed by GDH EIA and real-time PCR targeting the toxin A (tcdA) and B (tcdB) genes. 16S V3 and V4 gene sequencing results from fecal samples of patients tested positive for C. difficile were analyzed by assessing alpha and beta diversity, LefSe, and the Piphillin functional inference approach to estimate functional capacity.

Results

1506 patients were recruited into a prospective observational study (DRKS00005335) upon admission into one of five academic hospitals. 936 of them provided fecal samples on admission and at discharge and were thus available for longitudinal analysis. Upon hospital admission, 5.5% (83/1506) and 3.7% (56/1506) of patients were colonized with toxigenic (TCD) and non-toxigenic C. difficile (NTCD), respectively. During hospitalization, 1.7% (16/936) acquired TCD. Risk factors for acquisition of TCD included pre-existing lung diseases, lower GI endoscopy and antibiotics. Species protecting against hospital-related C. difficile acquisition included Gemmiger spp., Odoribacter splanchnicus, Ruminococcus bromii and other Ruminococcus spp. Metagenomic pathway analysis identified steroid biosynthesis as the most underrepresented metabolic pathway in patients who later acquire C. difficile colonization.

Conclusions

Gemmiger spp., Odoribacter splanchnicus, Ruminococcus bromii and other Ruminococci were associated with a decreased risk of C. difficile acquisition.

Clinical Trials Registration

DRKS00005335.