bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study the role of Toxoplasma gondii, Cytomegalovirus and anti-phospholipids antibodies in cases of abortion among women in Hilla city
Authors: S. Al-Saeed Mohammed , A. Muhsin Mohammed , J. AL-Juburi Gayedaa
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted to detect the role of T.gondii and CMV and the possible association between them in cases of abortion. Also the role of auto antibodies against phospholipids (APL) and it's association with the mentioned parasite and virus among women who have consulted the-Children and Maternity Hospital and General Teaching Hospital in AL-Hilla city, during the period from November 2006 to April 2007. Out of 120 samples, 50(41.66%) were positive for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. While out of 44 sera, 35(79.5%) and 8(18.8%) were positive for anti-CMV IgG and IgM antibodies respectively. All control samples have been found to be negative for both Toxoplama and CMV. Twenty eight sera from aborted women (Some negative sera and others positive sera for anti-Toxoplasma and/or anti-CMV antibodies) were subtested for detection of anti-phospholipids (aPL) antibody by using ELISA, it was observed that only 3(10.7%) sera were positive.
The frequency of death among hospitalized neonates with hyaline membrane disease (HMD) in ALDIWANAH maternity and children teaching hospital from (2005-2007)
Authors: K.kalaf Deia
Published: January 2024

Assessment the frequency of death among hospitalized neonates with HMD in AL-DIWANAH, maternity and children teaching hospital, and to analyze risk factors associated with poor outcome.Patients and methods: all the neonates with HMD who were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and expired, during a period of three years ( 2005 -2007 ),the patients were divided according to different parameters (sex, B,W, gestational age, mode of delivery, days of death, cause of death,) A total live births of 25463, and a total of 356 case of HMD were admitted during the period of the study, and 112 neonate were died with a frequency of 30%.,with sex ratio of male to female (1.4:1 ) respectively, and most of death was due to apnea in 87%, so the causes of death and risk factors for death were presented and compared with results of other studies in other parts of the world. Major risk factor associated with HMD in the city were apnea, prenatal diagnosis facilities are not available, but post natal diagnosis depend mainly on clinical picture as no lab- test available in regard to L/S ratio by chromatography or shake test for amniotic fluid to assess maturity can be performed, mortality can be reduced by improving the ante-natal, obstetric, post-natal care levels.
Ovarian consequences of transient discontinuation of combined oral contraceptive pills (the missing pills).
Authors: Y. J. Abdaladeem
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of transient interruption of combined oral contraceptive pills (the missing pills) on pregnancy rates, Ovulation, &any other pathological complications.-Design: a prospective &case controlled study.-Setting: this study was done in Elwiyah & Habibiyah teaching hospitals, Baghdad / Iraq.Tools & methods One hundred women were chosen, all are using combined oral contraceptive pills, fifty women considered as the control group whom on regular use of pills, the study group are those women on pills but with missing pills (1, 2 or 3), those with more than 3 missing pills were not included in the study, these women were followed up for 6 weeks following the next period. All women (study & control groups) were supplied with the same type of combined oral contraceptive pills which was MicrogynonSchering (levo Norgestrel 0.15 mg + Ethinyl estradiol 0.03 mg).
Radiation Dose Reduction of Head CT scan with a Lowâ€“Tube Voltage
Authors: Tahr Ali Runak , Abdulallah sakban Amal
Published: January 2024

The increasing radiation exposure to patient from CT has been of concern to radiologists, medical physicists. The aim of this study is to reduce radiation dose from head computed tomography (CT) by using a technique with low tube voltage (90 Kv) instead of (120 Kv). A phantom for measurement of the radiation dose and a phantom containing low-contrast objects were scanned with a 16â€“detector row CT scanner at 120 kV and 90 kV. The tube currentâ€“time product settings were 100â€“560 mAs, and the doses at the center and periphery of the phantom were measured.The effective dose and the DLP were estimated for patients who are undertaking head for CT examinations- By using phantom. From these results it is found that the longer scan series imparts a higher DLP to the patient compared to that of a shorter scan series. A reduction from 120 kV to 90 kV led to as much as a 35% reduction in the radiation dose, without of low-contrast detectability, at CT.
Penetrating colorectal injuries
Authors: Habeeb Taher Fadel
Published: January 2024

Background:The treatment of colorectal injury has fluctuated over the past 100 years ,colostomy was the only option available currently a new approach through primary repair of colorectal injuries .Aims:to ascertain the efficiency of primary colonic repair in comparison with colostomy in colorectal injuries .Patients and Methods :A prospective study was conducted in Al- Yarmouk Teaching Hospital on 86 patients with colorectal injuries who have undergone laparotomy from Jan 2005 to Jan 2006 Twenty two patient were selected forad primary repair and 64 patients selected colostomy depending on Flints' grade which display severity of colonic injury .Results : male to female ratio was 4:1 and peak age was 20-40 years 22 patients were treated by primary repair this including simple repair of perforation primary repair in 15 patients (17,44%)and resection and anastomosis in 7 patients (8.14%)while colostomy group included 23 patients were treated by primary repair with proximal colostomy ,37 patients were treated by exteriorization of the injured part,and 4 patients only underwent Hartmanns' colostomy.Conclusions :primary repair of colorectal injuries is safe ,effective and much better than colostomy in term of morbidity, ,mortality and stay in hospital.
Monitoring gonadotropin therapy of anovulatory infertility by ultrasound alone
Authors: Al-Rubaei Sajda , Al Mahfooth Weaam
Published: January 2024

In our study we monitor the gonadotopin therapy by ultrasound because serum oestradiol is not available in Basrah, and we investigate whether pelvic ultrasound alone suffices to control ovarian response to gonadotropin to induce ovulation. Real time ultrasound scanning of follicular development was performed for 35 patients receiving metrodin during 113 cycle. Twenty pregnancies were obtained resulting in a pregnancy rate of (57.1%); with (16) patients singletons, set of twins 4 (20%), with abortions 6(30%) and about patients 2 (5%) develops mild ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). So ultrasound alone can be used effectively to control gonadotropin therapy in the majority of cases.
Risk factors survey of low birth weight neonates
Authors: M.AL.Marzoki Jasim , K. Gatea Shaker , Ganem Zaher
Published: January 2024

Background: Neonatal mortality rate is one of the main health problems which affected by prenatal status and perinatal conditions. LBW is one of the main causes of neonatal and infantile mortality. Approximately every ten seconds, an infant from a developing country dies from a disease or infection that can be attributed to low birth weight, so this study was done to evaluate the risk factors of LBW in neonate.Method: A descriptive cross sectional study was done on 1023 neonates, born in Babylon Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital from September 2007 to April 2008 .Neonatal data such as birth weight, gender, gestational age, and maternal data including maternal age, birth interval, history of abortion, antenatal care, parity, level of education, systemic disease, genitourinary infection, smoking, type of delivery, socioeconomic state, residence and maternal weight and height, were reported in this study.

Results: The study reveals that, 14% of neonates were LBW, were female/male ratio 1:0.6. The lower (maternal weight and height, gestational age, economic state and level of education) were associated with more LBW neonates. Also rural residence, irregular antenatal care, GUT infection, C/S delivery or having underling systemic diseases were at risk to get LBW neonates, while maternal age, birth interval and history of abortion found no effect on birth weight.Conclusions: the results revealed a correlation between LBW in neonates with gestational age, maternal weight and height, and systemic diseases of the mothers. Also there was a correlation with the gender of baby, residence, level of education, socioeconomic state, GUT infection, parity and type of delivery.
Use Of PCR Amplification For The Evaluation Of TB Diagnosis In Children By Classic Methods
Authors: Abedalreda Abbas Yahia , H. Al-Hamdani Adnan
Published: January 2024

There have been few studies evaluating the efficacy of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in Front other routine test for diagnosis of TB in children. The tuberculin skin test (TST) used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children has many drawbacks, and a new diagnostic test for has been introduced. We assessed the diagnostic yield of PCR prospectively in a blinded study of patients referred to Al-Nassyria center for chest diseases and other private laboratories from January to June 2008 and compared the results to the routine TST, smears with Ziehl-Neelsen staining and culture on LoÂ¨wenstein-Jensen medium which used as the â€œgold standard.â€. Sputum specimens were collected from 108 TB suspects patients and analyzed for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis..TST yielded 23 (21.3%) were positive for TB with 65.7 % sensitivity and 87% specificity in comparing with 35(32.4%) by culture which improved the presence of 3cases as false-positive and 15 cases as false-negative by TST . All smear positive specimens appeared culture positive, but showed 54.3 %sensitivity and 100 % specificity. PCR amplification results appeared less than culture and more than each of smear and TST with %88.6 sensitivity and 100% specificity .All the thirty one PCR positive samples showed culture positive. It is concluded that although both culture and PCR amplification method are Sensitive and specific for the detection of M. tuberculosis in respiratory specimens of children . Rapid PCR method appeared to be more suitable than other tests especially the routine TST which applied.
Computerized Determination Of Velocity Time Integral In Normal Subjects
Authors: Y. Kattami Noori
Published: January 2024

Background:Velocity time integral (VTI) of the blood flow wave is derived from the analysis of the image of the Doppler wave. VTI can be utilized to determine hemodynamic information in certain cardiac disorders.Objective:To establish visual basic form for analysis of Doppler wave to determine velocity time integral (VTI) in normal subjects.Method:Doppler waves in twenty normal subjects were analyzed to determine VTI utilizing suitable computer program and visual basic form.Results:The parameters obtained from the analysis of Doppler wave (Ejection time (ET) and Mean blood velocity across aortic valve (Vm)) were utilized to determine VTI of the normal subjects studied as Mean, Â±SD, Â±SDE.Conclusion:The (VTI) was determined in normal subjects from their Doppler waves using a computer program of visual basic form that can be useful in diagnosing and following certain cardiac disorders.
Using PCR Technque In Comparison With Other Tests In The Diagnosis Of Pulmonary TB Associated With Mycotic Infections In AL-Qadisiya Province.
Authors: H. AL-Hamadani Adnan , K. AL-Mousawi Jaafar , M.Al-Taee Orass
Published: January 2024

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health problem world wide. It is one of the leading infectious diseases in the world and is responsible for more than 3 million deaths and 8 million new cases annually.The report of World Health Organization (WHO) estimated, for the year 2002 a global incidence of 8.8 million new cases, including 3.9 million smear-positivesubjects.Aim of the study: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of available rapid diagnostic tests to identify TB infection.  The main goal of this study was to use the PCR technique for the rapid detection of tuberculosis using sputum sampling and body fluid specimens other than respiratory secretions.Methods: During the period from December 2006 to May 2007, A total of 50 samples (sputum) were selected from 250 outpatients.The study regard's the culture of sputum as the gold standard test to other methods.Results:All of the examined patients with TB, the cause was M. tuberculosis.Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of the suspected patients revealed that 30 patients were suffering from PMIs , 15 of them had mixed infection.Twenty patients appeared to have pulmonary tuberculosis without mycotic infection. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and Accuracy rate of PCR test were (94.2 %, 100%, 100%, 88.2% and 96 %), respectively.Conclusions: The AFB stain was easy but not sufficient to diagnosis the pulmonary TB alone, whereas the use of LÃ–wenstein-Jensen medium sensitive enough for diagnosis of pulmonary TB, but need along time to get the results. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test gave a high sensitivity and specificity in comparison with other done test, with its advantages of greater speed and effectiveness than conventional detection methods. It was successfully to identify the M. tuberculosis, particularly when the staining for acid- fast bacilli is negative and there was a lack of growth on culture or when fresh material has not been collected for culture.
Echocardiography Findings Among Patients Referred For Such Test In Missan Governorate.
Authors: O.Yaseen Yaseen
Published: January 2024

In this study ,out of 2215 patients referred for echocardiography unit in Al-sadder general hospital in Al-Ammara from jul.2003- jul.2005. 847 (38.2%) patients were found to have abnormal echocardiograms with more males were been examined than females. Echocardiography findings, were not matching the clinical impression that warranted such test in considerable number of patients. In this study, results regarding the incidence or sex distribution of some cardiac abnormalities were comparable to that recognized in some other studies, while different results were recognized, regarding some other cardiac lesions
Prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with gallstone disease
Authors: H. Zaini Hassan , M. Zwain Kussay
Published: January 2024

Back ground:Earlier, the studies had been shown an increased prevalence of previously diagnosed hypothyroidism in gallstone patient and a delayed emptying of the biliary tract in hypothyroidism, explained partly by the missing prorelaxing effect of thyroxine on the sphincter of oddi contractility . failure and disturbances of lipid metabolism that may consecutively lead to change of the composition of the bile and motility of biliary tract.

Aim:To show the prevalence of previously undiagnosed hypothyroidism in patients with gallstones .Patient and method:A cross sectional study was done in Al-Sader Teaching Hospital in Al-Najaf city between 15th of February 2008 and 1st of November 2009 of 225 cases were taken to show relation between gallstone and hypothyroidism. For every patient with diagnosed gallstone, full history and clinical examination was taken and sent for ultrasound of neck for goitre detection and laboratory blood test for T3, T4 and TSH.Results:Out of 225 patients with gallstone 198 (88%) were females and 27 (12%) males. Thyroid disorder in form of hypothyroidism was found in 24 (10.6%), (from this percentage 22 (9.7%) were females and from this 18 (8.0%) were subclinical and 4 (1.7%) were clinical hypothyroidism and males were 2 (0.9%) with subclinical cases. From 225 cases with gallstones, 22(9.7%) cases complaining from goitre. Peak age between 51- 60 years.

Conclusion and recommendation:There is no significant association between hypothyroidism and gallstones in both genders. Gallstone patients between 51-60 years should be checked for serum TSH, T3 and T4 because of high incidence of hypothyroidism among this age group.
Primary Hydatidosis of Vastus Lateralis
Authors: Hasan Jasim
Published: January 2024

Hydatid cyst disease is common in some regions of the world and is usually located in liver and lung, but it can be seen any where in the body. this report presents a case of primary hydatid disease located partially Subcutaneosuly and partially intramuscular in the vastus lateralis.Case presentation :A 38-year-old male laborer Presented to our hospital with a slow growing swelling in the lateral aspect of his thigh for the last 6 months. Ultrasound and MRI revealed a lesion resembling hydatid cyst. The patient did not have a history of hydatid cyst disease and hydatid cysts were not detected in other organs. Total excision of cyst was done and the pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis.Conclusion :Muscular hydatidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue lesions in endemic areas. Total excision of the cyst with an intact wall is the best treatment.
VEGF in situ mRNA expression along with different histopathological parameters of colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Abdul-Majeed Mustafa Ibrahim , E. AL-Khurri Luay
Published: January 2024

Cancer progression is a complex multi-step process. Two critical steps in tumor growth and invasion: are the proteolytic processing of the extracellular matrix environment and the angiogenic switch enabling blood supply into the tumor. VEGF is a major regulator of both physiological and pathological neovascularization thus, considered as an important factor for the initiation of angiogenesis. The aims of the current study were to determine whether VEGF mRNA insitu expression, has any significant correlation with various histopathological parameters during colorectal adenocarcinoma progression and its correlation with metastatic potency. Accordingly, 35 colorectal adenocarcinoma paraffin embedded sections prepared from Iraqi patients, in addition to their respective resection margins were retrospectively collected from (liver and gastrointestinal hospital ) /Baghdad. Based on in â€“situ hybridization staining, mRNA expression of VEGF demonstrated a significant increase when its level at the tumor sites versus resection margins were analyzed (p<0.001). moreover, when these 35 paraffin embedded sections were broken down according to their various histopathplogical variables, the current study reveals a significant up regulation of VEGF m RNA in situ expression with respect to tumor stage (rs = 0.585, p<0.01), as well as VEGF mRNA in situ expression showed a significant positive correlation with respect to lymph node involvements (rs = 0.474, p<0.01). In conclusion, over expression of VEGF was seem to be associated with increased invasive and metastatic potential of colorectal adenocarcinoma because it was seem to increase angiogenic potential of colon carcinoma . Thus it could be used as target for therapeutic management of patients with primary colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Effect of Health Education on Depression of patients with Cariadic Catherization
Authors: S. Shweikh Rahim
Published: January 2024

To evaluate the effectiveness of health education on depression of patient with cardiac catherization.A quesi experimental.In Medical word at Iraqi center for heart disease.Beck Depression inventory (BDI).After coping style assessment, received the patients educational teaching booklet for the cardiac catherization to decrease level of depression before, during and after the cardiac cauterization.There would be a statistically significant decrease mean scores of depression from the cardiac catherization to the post cardiac as a result of teaching manual. The nurse observer behavioral response system data revealed that patient who received educational teaching booklet less in pre cardiac catherization than in post cardiac catherization.
Risk of Occupational Respiratory Disorders Among Workers in Diwaniya City-Iraq
Authors: Abbas Al-Shammary Mohammad
Published: January 2024

To calculate the risk of developing respiratory disorders among workers in Diwaniya, three occupational settings were included and a retrospective cohort studies were applied in two of them, while a case control study was applied in the third. Among workers exposed to air pollution by sand and cement in construction settings the relative risk was 3 times the risk among non exposed, the attributable risk was 12 more, and the attributable risk percent was 66.67%. Among workers exposed to air pollution by particulates of carbon and talc in rubber industry, the risks were: 6.67 times, 56.66 more, and 85.01% respectively. While among workers exposed to dust of cotton in textile factory the odd ratio was 12 times that of those not exposed.

More supervision and revitalization of enactments related to work is needed and proper preventive health measures are to be applied for each setting.
A study of Antibacterial Resistance Associated with Otitis Media Patients in Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital
Authors: A. AL-Hilaly Hummady , Rahi K. AL-Yassiry Rahi , J. Hassan Allawi
Published: January 2024

This study is conducted on a group of patients with suppurative Otitis media from E.N.T. clinic in Al- Diwaniya Teaching Hospital during January to August 2010. A total number of (55) individuals of both sexes , as patients with suppurative otitis media, consisting of (25) males and (30)females. The age of patients range from(1-60)years.Samples (ear swab) are taken before treatment .The collected sample is processed for bacterial isolation , identification and antibiotic sensitivity test are assessed for each isolate. positive results of bacterial culture are (52) (94.54%) of ear swab samples from supurative Otitis media .Gram negative bacteria are more prevalent (29:50)(56%) compared with Gram positive which constitutes (19:50)(44%). As Gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common bacterial species isolated from patients with otitis media(30%), Proteus vulgaris (16%) ,other gram negative bacteria species (12%) . while Gram positive are Staphylococcus aureus (38%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (4%). Antibiotics resistance phenomena was seen for many antibiotics, that may be cause of recurrent of Otitis media .
Antifungal resistance of Candida species isolated from Iraqi women infected with vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Authors: S, AL-Maliki Rehab , I, AL-Ani Zouhair
Published: January 2024

The prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by C. albicans and other Candida species has increased dramatically over the past few decades. Vaginal cultures and susceptibility testing of these Candida species to antifungal are not routinely obtained. Therefore the aims of this study were to1. Determine the Candida species distribution among infected women with vulvovaginal candidiasis2. Prevalence of antifungal resistance among isolated Candida speciesOne handerd vaginal swabs were collected from women their age ranged from 17-40 years old with signs and symptoms of vulvovaginitis attending Medical City Hospital. All swabs were submitted to mycological study (microscopical examination, culture, full identification by performing germ tube test and ApiÂ®- candida). Finally, susceptibility testing was curried out by using modified disc diffusion method with six antifungal agents Amphotericin B, Nystatin, Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Clotrimazole and Econazole. C. albicans was the most frequent species. (61.66%) followed by C.glabrata (33.33%) and only one isolate (1.6%) of C.tropicalis,C.krusie and C.kefyr, so the frequency of overall of other Candida species was (38.13%). However, few resistant C.albicans isolates were found against Fluconazole (21.62%), Ketoconazole (8.1%) and Econazole (5.4%).While no resistant was observed in C.albicans against Clotrimazole. Most of other Candida species were resistant to azoles specially among most isolates of C. glabrata to Ketoconazole 75%. Clotrimazole 70%, Fluconazole 65% and Econazole 20%. Our results showed elevated frequency of the overall of other Candida species particularly C. glabrata which the most prevalent species followed by C.albicans. Other Candida species specially C.glabrata were resistant to azoles in contrast to the most of C.albicans therefore culture from women with vulvovaginal candidiasis should be obtained to detect other Candida species
Primary Burkitt's lymphoma of the ovary (Case Report)
Authors: Kadim Al-Dhahri Jawad , Dawood Al-Tameemi Qasim , Hamza Shareef Nada
Published: January 2024

Ovarian neoplasms are rare in children . We had reported a case of primary Burkitt's lymphoma of the ovary in a 3-year-old girl presented with chronic abdominal pain with fever, pallor, and abdominal mass which was proved after laparatomy and histopathological study of the excised tumour to be a primary Burkitt's lymphoma of the ovary.
Prevalence of Mental Disorders among adolescents of secondary schools in Diwaniya governorate
Authors: Jabor Suhail Hadi
Published: January 2024

- A cross-sectional study was conducted , on 1048 adolescent pupils(554 male &494 female) , in Al-Diwaniya Governorate , Iraq.-Twelve intermediate and secondary schools were chosen consecutively as a study setting ( 6 from Diwaniya city as urban ; 3 from Shamiya &3from Gammas as rural).-All chosen pupils (aged 12â€“18years) were considered in the self reporting questionnaire & face to face interview during the period from the 1st of May to the 30th of November 2010.-Out of 1048 adolescents assessed, 183 have positive mental disorders, giving a point prevalence of 17.46% .-Among the examined pupils are (79) diagnosed with anxiety disorders which represent about 7.5% of the total adolescents under study, (41) with a depressive disorders which represent about 3.91% , (36)diagnosed with behavioral disorders which represent about 3.43% , and (27) with ADHD which represent about 2.57% of the total adolescentsunder study.
Dose individualization of ovarian stimulants: A comparative study of different ovulation enhancing modalities and their effect on reproductive hormones
Authors: A Kadhim Sinaa
Published: January 2024

Background:- Many years ago, clinicians treating couples for infertility by using ovarian stimulants drugs, which produce their action on reproductive hormones, a variety of medications can temporarily correct ovulatory problems and increase a woman's ability to become pregnant.Objectives:- To identify the effect of different type of ovarian stimulents modalities on serum level of reproductive hormone which will eventually affect the out come of the cycle ( follicular maturation and ovulation).Methods:- Forty-five patients were enrolled in this study all of them suffer from primary infertility, the patients were randomized into three groups. The first group consist of fifteen patient they use clomiphene only as ovulation stimulant drug (starting from cycle day two and for five days), the second group also fifteen patient they use human menopausal gonadotropins injection (HMG) as ovulation induction drug(starting from cycle day two), and the third group also fifteen patient use both drugs for ovulation induction(first they took clomiphene from cycle day two and for five days followed by HMG injection from cycle day seven).Results:- Showed a significant increase in the serum concentration of follicular stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone in the third group more than the first and second groups. The rates of the follicular maturation were significantly higher in the second group more than the first and third groups. The serum concentrations of the progesterone and estrogen hormones were significantly higher in the first group more than the second and third groups.Conclusion:-Careful selection of treatment modality, dosing combined with appropriate levels of monitoring may result in excellent maturation rate.
Evaluation of lipid profile & BMI in smokers& non-smokers individuals
Authors: Hilal Khudhair Saeed
Published: January 2024

This work was done to evaluate lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL-cholestrol, LDL-cholestrol) in plasma of healthy smokers /non-smokers and determined the effect of body mass index (BMI ) on these two groups. Serum levels of evaluate lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL-cholestrol, LDL-cholestrol) were measured in (105) smokers subjects grouped in three types (normal weight, over weight and obese ) and ( 55) non-smoker subjects grouped in the same way. Lipid profile were estimated by using the enzymatic colorimetric methods for serum in both smoker and non-smoker subjects. The result revealed that BMI for smoker subjects show significant differences(P<0.01) for three groups (normal weight, over weight and obese ) in the total cholesterol levels in serum and LDL-cholestrol were increased significantly in smoker obese subjects more than in smoker over weight subjects and as compared with smokers normal weight; while the serum levels of HDLcholestrol were decreased significantly in smoker obese subjects more than in smoker over weight subjects as compared with smokers normal weight, also the results showed that there were significant differences between smokers and non- smoker subjects(P<0.01) in these three types of groups.
Utilizing of gray scale &unenhanced power Doppler ultrasound in differentiation of malignant & begin palpable breast lesions :Does vascularity in power Doppler correlate with lymph node status?
Authors: Majeed Hameed Amjaad
Published: January 2024

US (ultrasound) is currently one of the main diagnosing breast disease .In gay scale US there are typical characteristic features of benign & malignant mass. Used of power Doppler has also been exploited in aiding the benign & malignant differentiation of solid masses.

1.The purpose of this study was to investigate sensitivity of gray scale US features in differentiating benign from malignant solid breast masses .2.To evaluate the role of power Doppler imaging to differentiate benign & malignant solid breast masse & how power Doppler findings correlate with lymph node involvement .

The study involved 55 female present with breast lesion , in Department of Diagnostic radiology in AL Dewanyia teaching hospital refered from breast centre in period July 2008 â€“ January 2010 , the inclusion criteria was the presence of breast lesion, undergo surgery , exclusion criteria female with breast lesion & refused surgery. Tempt was made to categories lesions as benign , malignant by using US criteria & power Doppler correlate this findings with pathological results .A total of 55 female patients with solid breast mass. Mean age was (44year ) . Size of breast lesion range from 1-6cm , most common sit of the tumor was upper lateral quadrant in both malignant & benign breast mass. Comparison of US & histological findings was made , this enable to calculate sensitivity (90%) of gray scale ultrasound , sensitivity of power Doppler was 70% & majority of malignant tumors (78%) that demonstrate vascularity in power Doppler showed axillary lymph node invasion . Power Doppler sonography should be considered together with the established criteria in gray scale ultrasound. Further study is indicated by using more advanced procedures like enhanced power Doppler US(using levovist) to increase sensitivity of US.
Oxidant /Antioxidant Status in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Parkinsonism :Effects of Therapy
Authors: A-J Thanoon Imad , A.Al-Hamamy Fadel , M.Al-Sheikh Mohammed
Published: January 2024

To assess effects of a fixed therapy on the oxidant (malondialdehyde ''MDA'' levels)/ antioxidant status (Total antioxidant status "TAS")in newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson disease in comparison to healthy controls. Thirty eight newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson disease were included in this study. they were referred cases from neurologist Clinic from October 2009 to February 2011. included also in the study 40 apparently healthy age and sex matched subjects as a control groups. A blood samples were taken initially from the patients before starting therapy and the controls and assay of serum MDA and TAS were done. Body mass index (BMI) were calculated according to a certain equation. Patients then were put on fixed therapy for 3 months after which another blood samples were taken and assay of the same parameters were done. There was a significantly elevated serum MDA and a significantly lowered serum TAS levels in newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson disease in comparison to healthy controls. After therapy patients still having a highly significant difference in the levels of serum MDA and TAS in comparison to controls. There was insignificant difference in the serum levels of MDA and TAS between patients in the pre-therapy and post-therapy stages. Newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson disease having signs of oxidation stress, and that the specific anti parkinsonian therapy used in this study have no significant effect on the shifted oxidant/ antioxidant status.
Blastocystis hominis infections among patients in Duhok City / Kurdistan Region â€“ IRAQ
Authors: T. M. Al-Saeed Adel , I. Ismaeel Qais , F. Ahmed Ghazwan
Published: January 2024

A total of 610 patients of different age and sex attending the central Laboratory / Shilan Private Hospital and Hevi Pediatric Hospital â€“ Duhok Governorate suffering from gastroenteritis sumptomes were investigated by direct stool examination. The samples were collected from 350 children and 260 adults during the period from April to November 2010. All stool samples were examined microscopically by the direct method for identification of B. hominis and for the presence of other intestinal parasites. The number and percent of infection rate with B. hominis among the examined samples (610) was 31(5.08%) in both of adults and children groups, while the infection percent among children and adults were 14(4%) and 17(6.5%) respectively. Regarding to the children, the age group > 1 - 10 year showed the Highest rate of infection 12(5.02%) and the lowest rate was in children up to one year was 1 (1.07%). The number and percent of infection among adults were 5(10.41 %) among age group of > 30 â€“ 40 year and the lowest were 4(7.01 %), 2( 7.40 %) among age groups > 20 â€“ 30 year, > 40 year respectively. The number and percent of the infection among males were 9 (4.63%) while among females were 3 (3.19%) among children. The number and percent of the infection among males were 10 (7.29%) while among females was 7 (5.69%) among adults. The vacuolated type was only recorded from all examined stool samples during this study. Out of 610 stool samples examined 166 (27.21%) were positive with Other intestinal protozoa. The number and the percent of infection were 59 (22.69%) among adults and 107 (30.57%) among children. The most prevalent pathogenic intestinal parasites were Entameba histolytica and Giardia lamblia. The abdominal pain and distention were the most frequent symptoms associated with B. hominis infection followed by diarrhea.
Effect of montelukast on progression of atherosclerosis
Authors: M Sultan Ahmed , R Hadi Najah , I. Mohammad Bassim
Published: January 2024

Objective: this study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of montelukast on the progression of atherosclerosis. Materials and methods: A total of 28 local domestic rabbits were assigned into four groups: Group I (normal control), Group II (atherogenic control), Group III (vehicle control),Group IV (montelukast 1.5 mg\kg daily). Blood samples were collected at the end of experiment (8 weeks) for measurement of serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, plasma high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and plasma reduced glutathione (GSH). Immunohistochemical analysis (VCAM-1, MCP-1, and TNF-Î±) and histopathologic assessment of aortic atherosclerotic changes were also performed.

Results: Compared to NC, levels of lipid profile, atherogenic index, hsCRP, and MDA are increased while GSH were decreased in animals on atherogenic diet (p< 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that aortic expression of VCAM 1, MCP-1, and TNF-Î± were significantly increased in AC group compared to NC group (p<0.001). Histopathologic finding showed that animals on atherogenic diet have significant atherosclerotic lesion compared to NC group. Compared to AC group montelukast donâ€™t have significant effect on lipid profile. Montelukast causes statistically significant reduction in hsCRP and MDA (p<0.05). Montelukast treatment causes significantly increase the level of GSH. Montelukast treatment significantly reduced aortic expression of VCAM-1, MCP-1, and TNF-Î± (p<0.005). Histopathologic examination of aortic arch showed that montelukast significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion (p<0.005).Conclusions: It thus can conclude that montelukast reduces lipid peroxidation, systemic inflammation and aortic expression of inflammatory markers used in this study and hence reduce the progression of atherosclerosis.
The effect of Preeclampsia on some biochemical parameter
Authors: Abdal-Wahed Habib Afrah
Published: January 2024

This survey research to identify the effect of preeclampsia, alterations in renal function, electrolyte and water metabolism are common findings. To evaluate the usefulness of urine calcium and phosphorus levels as a marker of severity in preeclampsia. Our study was carried at the Hospital of Maternity and pediatrics in Aldiwanyia city from 1/1-30/6 -2011 . The total number of all cases 96, among them 20 women with normal pregnancy , 25 cases with hypertension , 20 cases with mild preeclampsia , 31 cases with sever preeclampsia .Every patient was send for urinary calcium and phosphate were determined by the Kramer-Tisdall and phosphomolibidic acid method, respectively. In the Results There was significant decrease in excretion of calcium and phosphorus in sever preeclampsia[p< 0.001,p< 0.01] respectively as a result of decrease glomerular filtration rate. While in mild cases and pregnancy induced hypertension cases thereâ€™s no significant change.Conclusion: Urine calcium and phosphorus level is significant determinant of severity of preeclampsia and may be considered as usefulness marker for predicting the level of renal impairment.
Maternal risk in teenage pregnancies
Authors: N. Al-Bassam Anwar
Published: January 2024

Background: Early marriage and confinement are contributing factors to high maternal mortality and morbidity.Objective: To identify the maternal complications of teenage pregnancy. Patients and Methods: A hospital based cohort study was undertaken among pregnant ladies admitted to Baghdad teaching hospital. The study group comprised of teenage mothers between 15-19 years old and a control group of mothers between 20-24 years old in their first pregnancy. Data included socio-demographic characteristics, ANC, medical and obstetrical complications, mode of delivery .Results:. The study group include 228 primigravida aged between (15- 19)years and the control group composed of 272primigravida aged between (20-24)years.There is statistically significant difference between the two groups in educational level (p=0.0001), antenatal care (p=0.0001) , anemia (p=0.0001), hypertensive disorders [ OR-95%CI=10.96 (4.15-35.51) *], elective cesarean section[ OR-95%CI=2.13(1.2-3.85)*]Conclusion: The study shows that poor educational level ,poor ANC , medical problems complicating pregnancy ,operative deliveries are higher in teenagers.
Sprengel's Deformity Associated with Omovertebral bar between Inferior angle of the scapula and the Cervical spine: A Case Report
Authors: Imran Alghazali Mousa
Published: January 2024

Background; Sprengel's deformity is a rare congenital anomaly of the shoulder girdle. The deformity is due to failure of descent of the scapula in intrauterine life. Case Presentation;We report a case of unilateral Sprengel's deformity Sprengel's Deformity Associated with omovertebral bar between inferior angle of the scapula and the cervical spine ,absence of rhomboid major and rhomboid minor muscles, weakness of trapezius and serratus anterior in a 10- year-old boy.Conclusion;Sprengel's deformity can be associated with omovertebral bar between inferior angle of the scapula and the cervical spine with other musculoskeletal abnormalities.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a personal experience
Authors: Mehdi Al-Hashimi Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland.Literature show that autoimmune thyroid disorders are important cause of goiter in post-iodization phase. This study was carried out to report on Hashimoto's thyroiditis in Iraq since no epidemiological study tackled this situation.Methods: A total of 5 cases Hashimoto's thyroiditis were collected from 79 cases of thyroid goiter. Fine needle aspiration cytology was carried out, and all patients were subjected to surgery.Thyroidectomy specimens were evaluated histologically.Results: All patients were females. Their age was 30 Â± 5.2 years. Fine needle aspiration cytology showed 60% were benign lesions and 40% of them were atypical.Conclusion: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an important cause of goiter in Iraq. Further efforts needed to improve sensitivity of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology.
Extremities Trauma in Emergency Unit of Al-karama Hospital-Alkut city- Wassit province
Authors: K. Abbas Hikmet , H. Shemal Aseel
Published: January 2024

Extremity wounds compose the burden of injury in Emergency Unit in Alkarama hospital and there is a great need for research to improve the treatment of patient who incur these devastating injuries.Objective: The aim of this project was to define the epidemiological profile of the patients attended in Emergency Unit in Al-karama hospital regarding the upper and lower limb trauma.Methods: Authors and trained assistants collected data with aid of a simple proforma was designed to collect basic demographic data , type of accident,type of injury in general, type of management , site of injury in the body, place of management and the last result of this management, A total number of 189 cases were included in this study. The period of the present study extended from October 1, 2010 to February 1, 2011.Results: Most cases of this present study were male (67.7%) . The commonest causes of trauma admissions were musculoskeletal injuries to the extremities (41.8%). RTA are the major cause of extremity trauma (31.7%) . This study shows that trauma of the upper limb is (63.5%) . (52.9% ) of present study were managed in surgical ward. According to faith of the patient,the present study show that (55.5%) had complet healing

Conclusion: Extremity wounds compose the burden of injury in Emergency Unit in Al-karama hospital.So in conclusion the demands of providing quality affordable emergency surgical services in the setting of a developing country are enormous and will continue to rise . There must be adequate government support as well institutional commitment to the development of its human and structural resources to meet these needs .
Venomous snakebites in Diwaniah: A Clinicoepidemiological descriptive study
Authors: M. Al-Shamsi Mohammed , R. Al-Barqawi Aqeel , Habeeb Abdullah Asaad , K. Al-Jelawi Mohammed
Published: January 2024

Background: venomous snakebite is an important health hazard in this area associated with high mortality.Objectives: exploration of snake envenomation cases in children and adolescents up to the age of 16 years in this city with a focus on clinical and demographic characters and causes of death. Patients and methods: this observational and retrospective study involves 49 cases of venomous snakebites admitted to the teaching hospitals in this city between 2005-2009. Results: the median age of patients was 8 years, 84% of the bites happened during the hot season( May â€“ August), most cases were from rural areas ( 90%) particularly from Albdeer, Shannafiah and Alhaffar. The death rate among the studied patients was 28.6% which was very high in comparison with rates reported elsewhere. Conclusion: There is a need for exploration of the types of venomous snakes in this area and a demand for the availability of species specific antivenom.
Evaluation of antioxidant vitamins (A and C) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: O. AL-Muhammadi Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Background: The antioxidant vitamins such as vitamin A and vitamin C functions as the first line antioxidant defense against free oxygen radicals present primarily in the plasma. Examination of antioxidants in patients with tuberculosis may identify deficiencies that predispose to severe oxidant injury. However, our knowledge of the antioxidant profile and its relation to tuberculosis patients is scarce, particularly in developing countries.Aim: This study aims to estimate some vitamins antioxidant ,Vitamin A and C in both male and female patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Patients and Methods: The present study included 26 patients (14 males and 12 females) affected with pulmonary tuberculosis. Their ages from 29-72 years in male patients and in female patients from 22-65 years. Twenty four healthy controls(12 males and 12 females) their aged from 23 â€“ 67 years in male and in female from 23 - 60 were also included in this study. Study was under taken to evaluate the level of antioxidants like vitamin A and vitamin C in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Results: There is a statistically significant changes in vitamins antioxidant in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in compared with healthy control. These results of serum vitamins A and C are significantly ( p < 0.001 ) decrease in both male and female pulmonary tuberculosis patients in comparison with healthy control.Conclusion: The levels of non-enzymic antioxidants such as Vitamin A, and vitamin C in serum were significantly depleted in the pulmonary tuberculosis infected subjects when compared with control. There is a strong association between vitamin A and vitamin C deficiency and malnutrition in these patients , as well as a correlation between several indexes of malnutrition and low concentrations of antioxidants may suggest the involvement of low food intake and nutrient malabsorption in the generation of oxidative stress in pulmonary tuberculosis patients.
Detection of Epsteinâ€“Barr virus and Cytomegalovirus in Iraqi Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia patients
Authors: A. Muhsin Mohammed , Sh. Jebur Mohammed , M. Hussan Basim
Published: January 2024

Objective : determination the percent of infection of EBV and CMV infections in Iraqi patient infected with ALL .Methods : the study have concentrated to determine the rate of EBV and CMV infections by detecting EBV and CMV antibodies in both the IgM and IgG classes of immunoglobulins by ELISA method and Indirect Immunofluorescence Test ( IIFT) as well as chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) for detecting Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) EBER RNA and CMV DNA . Results : from total 50 ALL patients were involved in this study , 50% were having viral infection (22% patients infected with EBV and 28% infected with CMV) this may be referred that in present study the viral causes may be equal to other unknown etiological factors of ALL collectively. anti-EBV Ig G and EBER RNA were detected in( 24%,12) of all ALL patients and anti EBV Ig M was found only in (4%,2) of ALL patients and patients with positive EBV Ig M also were positive for anti EBV Ig G and EBER RNA while anti-CMV IgG and CMV DNA were detected in (28%,14) of all ALL patients involved in the study and only (8%,4) of ALL patients showed positive anti CMV Ig M and patients with positive anti CMV Ig M also were positive for anti CMV Ig G and CMV DNA. Conclusion : The presence of elevated levels of EBV-infected cells or CMV-infected cells within the peripheral blood may be risk factors for developing ALL and the incidence of CMV infection (28%) was slightly greater than the rate of EBV infection (24%) in ALL patients and this may be referred that in present study the viral causes may be equal to other unknown etiological factors of ALL collectively.