bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an expression-tunable multiple protein synthesis system in cell-free reactions using T7-promoter-variant series
Authors: Senda Naoko , Enomoto Toshihiko , Kihara Kenta , Yamashiro Naoki , Takagi Naosato , Kiga Daisuke , Nishida Hirokazu
Published: November 2022

New materials with a low environmental load are expected to be generated through synthetic biology. To widely utilize this technology, it is important to create cells with designed biological functions and to control the expression of multiple enzymes. In this study, we constructed a cell-free evaluation system for multiple protein expression, in which synthesis is controlled by T7 promoter variants. The expression of a single protein using the T7 promoter variants showed the expected variety in expression levels, as previously reported. We then examined the expression levels of multiple proteins that are simultaneously produced in a single well to determine whether they can be predicted from the promoter activity values, which were defined from the isolated protein expression levels. When the sum of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) species is small, the experimental protein expression levels can be predicted from the promoter activities (graphical abstract (a)) due to low competition for ribosomes. In other words, by using combinations of T7 promoter variants, we successfully developed a cell-free multiple protein synthesis system with tunable expression. In the presence of large amounts of mRNA, competition for ribosomes becomes an issue (graphical abstract (b)). Accordingly, the translation level of each protein cannot be directly predicted from the promoter activities and is biased by the strength of the ribosome binding site (RBS); a weaker RBS is more affected by competition. Our study provides information regarding the regulated expression of multiple enzymes in synthetic biology.
The Extensor Digiti Quinty (EDQ) Opponensplasty—Revisited
Authors: Dengler Jana , Roth Bettlach Carrie L. , Riggi Margot , Moore Amy M.
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

The extensor digiti quinty (EDQ) opponensplasty, although previously described, is not widely used by hand surgeons. This tendon transfer was used selectively in cases of combined median-ulnar nerve palsies at our center over the last 4 years, with the primary goal to preserve the extensor indices proprius (EIP) for pinch plasty. We present our technique and the series of 8 patients that underwent EDQ opponensplasty here.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective chart review identified patients with combined median-ulnar nerve palsies that underwent EDQ opponensplasty between 2015 and 2019 at our institution by a single surgeon. Primary outcome measures collected were pinch, grip, disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) scores, thumb position, palmar abduction angle, and thumb span. Secondary outcomes included donor site morbidity and complications.

Results:

Eight patients (9 hands) ages 21 to 53 underwent EDQ opponensplasty, with an average follow-up of 8 months. Postoperative pinch and grip on the affected side improved from preoperative values. All 9 transfers were functional with the thumb positioned in the palmar plane of the hand. Palmar abduction ranged from 45 to 70 degrees. Motor reeducation was achieved without any difficulty in all patients. No patients had evidence of donor site morbidity.

Discussion:

The EDQ opponensplasty is satisfactory in achieving thumb opposition in the setting of combined median-ulnar neuropathy, without evidence of donor site morbidity. The EDQ is expendable, has adequate length, an optimal line of pull, minimal donor site morbidity, and leaves the extensor indices proprius available for pinch plasty.
Acetobacter tropicalis bacteraemia in an immunocompromised patient: case report
Authors: Raible Kevin M. , Algazaq Jumanah N. , Papanicolaou Genovefa , Babady N. Esther
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The published literature characterizing the bacterial genus

Acetobacter

primarily explores the role of these organisms in the fermentation industry. Reports of human infections caused by

Acetobacter

species are rare and are primarily associated with immunocompromised patients.

Case Presentation. A young patient with refractory acute myeloid leukaemia received a peripheral blood stem cell transplant at our institution. Both pre- and post-transplant courses were complicated by polymicrobial bloodstream infections. During this time a bacterium, later identified as

Acetobacter tropicalis

, was isolated from blood cultures.

A. tropicalis

was recovered in consecutive blood cultures for approximately 1 week; during this time the patient’s condition deteriorated, ending in fatal cardiorespiratory failure.

Conclusion. This case provides the first report of a human infection with

A. tropicalis

, although the significance of this finding in a complex patient is hard to establish. This illustrates how the routine implementation of molecular identification techniques by clinical microbiology laboratories will result in the reporting of more rare or novel micro-organisms involved in human infections.
Starfysh reveals heterogeneous spatial dynamics in the breast tumor microenvironment
Authors: He Siyu , Jin Yinuo , Nazaret Achille , Shi Lingting , Chen Xueer , Rampersaud Sham , Dhillon Bahawar S. , Valdez Izabella , Friend Lauren E , Fan Joy Linyue , Park Cameron Y , Mintz Rachel , Lao Yeh-Hsing , Carrera David , Fang Kaylee W , Mehdi Kaleem , Rohde Madeline , McFaline-Figueroa José L. , Blei David , Leong Kam W. , Rudensky Alexander Y , Plitas George , Azizi Elham
Published: November 2022

Spatially-resolved gene expression profiling provides valuable insight into tissue organization and cell-cell crosstalk; however, spatial transcriptomics (ST) lacks single-cell resolution. Current ST analysis methods require single-cell RNA sequencing data as a reference for a rigorous interpretation of cell states and do not utilize associated histology images. Significant sample variation further complicates the integration of ST datasets, which is essential for identifying commonalities across tissues or altered cellular wiring in disease. Here, we present Starfysh, the first comprehensive computational toolbox for joint modeling of ST and histology data, dissection of refined cell states, and systematic integration of multiple ST datasets from complex tissues. Starfysh uses an auxiliary deep generative model that incorporates archetypal analysis and any known cell state markers to avoid the need for a single-cell-resolution reference in characterizing known or novel tissue-specific cell states. Additionally, Starfysh improves the characterization of spatial dynamics in complex tissues by leveraging histology images and enables the comparison of niches as spatial “hubs” across tissues. Integrative analysis of primary estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) tumors using Starfysh led to the identification of heterogeneous patient- and disease-specific hubs as well as a shared stromal hub with varying spatial orientation. Our results show the ability to delineate the spatial co-evolution of tumor and immune cell states and their crosstalk underlying intratumoral heterogeneity in TNBC and revealed metabolic reprogramming shaping immunosuppressive hubs in aggressive MBC. Starfysh is publicly available (https://github.com/azizilab/starfysh).
Transgenerational Effects of Early-Life Stress on Anxiety in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Fontana Barbara D. , Alnassar Nancy , Parker Matthew O.
Published: November 2022

Early-life adversity impacts on anxiety-related behaviors in adulthood. The effects of such adversity not only affects the animal itself, but can be passed on transgenerationally. Pervasive effects of experimentally-induced early-life stress (ELS) have been documented in adult zebrafish but it is not clear if this can be passed on via the germline. Here, we investigated the effects of ELS across three generations, by analyzing the responses of adult animals exposed to ELS in two different anxiety-related tasks, as well as in social behavior, memory, and cognition. Animals exposed to ELS (at 7 days-post-fertilization) showed a marked attenuation of specific anxiety-related behaviors (F0) when adults, and these alterations were maintained across two subsequent generations (F1and F2). These findings suggest that zebrafish may be a useful model organism to study the transgenerational effects of ELS, and how this pertains to (for example) neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, our data may naturally provoke questions regarding consideration of the environment of laboratory-housed zebrafish at early developmental stages. In particular, more work may be necessary to determine how different environmental stressors could affect data variability across laboratories.

Graphical Abstract

Summary of the ELS effects in zebrafish anxiety-like behavior across multiple generations.
The application of robotics and artificial intelligence in embroidery: challenges and benefits
Authors: Chen Ling , Su Zhi , He Xiaotong , Chen Xiang , Dong Lin
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Embroidery as a textile embellishment technique plays an important role in people's daily life. Esthetic embroidery artworks possess cultural values. With the development of robotics and artificial intelligence (AI), these technologies have been studied and applied in the embroidery process. This study aims to survey how these technologies facilitate embroidery from different aspects.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper surveys how the technologies of robotics and AI are applied in the embroidery field. The applications are mainly reviewed from three aspects: computerized robotic embroidery systems has been widely used for the mass production of embroidered textiles, the advanced technological systems and techniques have greatly facilitated the development of smart textiles and the artificial intelligence plays an important role in the inheritance, innovation and protection of traditional handicraft artwork of embroidery.

Findings

The programmable robotic embroidery machines have greatly improved the production efficiency of embroidered textiles and promoted the development of electronic textiles. The AI, mainly the deep learning technology, brings significant benefits to esthetic embroidery creation. Technology-based embroidery has become a hot research topic in the field of textiles.

Originality/value

This paper summarizes the application of robotics and AI technologies in the field of embroidery, which provides readers a comprehensive and systematic understanding about the research progress of modern technology-oriented embroidery. This helps readers gain inspiration from the technology perspectives.
A meta-analysis of online travel booking services adoption: the moderating effects of national or regional economic development level and culture differences
Authors: Li Tiantian , Zhu Zhangxiang
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aims to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the strength of the path relationship in the proposed model for online travel booking service adoption. It also explores the moderating effect of national or regional economic development levels and cultural differences.

Design/methodology/approach

A meta-analysis was conducted on the factors correlated with users' intention to adopt online travel booking services (OTBS) and the moderating effects of economic development levels and culture based on 42 empirical studies.

Findings

Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude and perceived behavioral control have a significant positive impact on adoption intention. By contrast, subjective norms have a significantly negative impact on adoption intention. Furthermore, the economic development level of a country or region significantly moderates the relationships between perceived usefulness and perceived behavior control, attitude and perceived behavior control, and subjective norms and adoption intention. At the same time, national or regional cultural differences significantly moderate the relationships between attitudes and adoption intention, perceived usefulness and perceived behavior control, and subjective norms and adoption intention.

Originality/value

This study was conducted to obtain a unified conclusion regarding the research field of online travel booking service adoption. Its content was original. The conclusion provides theoretical references for follow-up research and the development of targeted marketing programs for online travel-booking service providers.
Determinants of entrepreneurial performance of rural indigenous women entrepreneurs in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Yap Ching Seng , Keling William , Ho Poh Ling
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aims to explore the influence of internal and external factors on the entrepreneurial performance of rural indigenous women entrepreneurs (RIWEs) in Sarawak.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a qualitative approach in data collection and analysis. Data are collected by means of a semistructured interview from 19 RIWEs at rural areas in Sarawak. Data are then analyzed using thematic analysis in NVivo software.

Findings

The study finds that RIWEs’ decision to start their business is mainly motivated by pull factors such as ego to succeed, ability to be self-employed and financially independent and to contribute to household income. The important personality traits of RIWEs to succeed in the entrepreneurial venture include self-belief, perseverance, commitment and risk-taking. Functional competencies and relationship competencies are cited as the most important core competencies to succeed. In terms of external factors, social networks, financial resources and support, business training and workshops and government’s preferential treatment policies are found to be important to RIWE’s entrepreneurial success.

Originality/value

This study is one of the few that explores the determinants of successful RIWEs in an emerging economy.
Understanding pandemic entrepreneurship as a unique form of crisis entrepreneurship
Authors: Behr Rachael , Storr Virgil H.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

There is a large literature about crisis entrepreneurship, spanning from necessity, natural disaster and long-term conflict entrepreneurship. This paper situates pandemic entrepreneurship as a unique form of crisis entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors utilize the Kirznerian and Schumpeterian theories of entrepreneurship to understand pandemic entrepreneurship. Using evidence from the US COVID-19 pandemic, the authors argue that pandemics impact both the “identification” and “action” moments of entrepreneurship.

Findings

The Kirznerian identification moment becomes much more uncertain for entrepreneurs because of fluctuating conditions, such as public health conditions, new potential variants of the virus causing the pandemic, shifting government mandates and rules and so forth. The Schumpeterian action moment becomes more challenging because of the necessity of physical distancing and because, generally, all crises raise the cost of entrepreneurial action. That said, the authors still document considerable entrepreneurship during pandemics as entrepreneurs adapt to the increased uncertainty and costs by rely upon local and customary knowledge.

Research limitations/implications

This research finds that entrepreneurs, depending upon the crisis, face differing constraints. Specifically in times of pandemic, entrepreneurs face difficulty recognizing opportunities because of shifting conditions and acting upon opportunities because of financial and political constraints. This research thus implies that there are large opportunities for alleviation of such constraints if there were to be future variants or pandemics.

Practical implications

Practically speaking, this research affects how people study entrepreneurship. By recognizing the differing constraints that pandemic entrepreneurs face, the authors can better understand the last several years, and can also prepare better policy wise for future pandemics or further variants of COVID-19.

Social implications

Socially, entrepreneurship can be a large factor in recovery from disasters and crises. By recognizing and perhaps alleviating constraints that pandemic entrepreneurs face, future crises could have better responses and recoveries.

Originality/value

Although several studies have examined entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic, the extant literature on pandemic entrepreneurship remains relatively underdeveloped and has not yet focused on what distinguishes pandemic entrepreneurship from other forms of crisis entrepreneurship. The authors highlight what pandemic entrepreneurship has in common with other forms of crisis entrepreneurship and pinpoint the various ways that is distinct.
Common and lifestyle‐specific traits of mycorrhizal root metabolome reflect ecological strategies of plant–mycorrhizal interactions
Authors: Xia Mengxue , Suseela Vidya , McCormack M. Luke , Kennedy Peter G. , Tharayil Nishanth
Published: November 2022

Mycorrhizas are widespread below‐ground symbioses formed between plant roots and soil fungi. This plant–fungal partnership impacts terrestrial ecosystems by mediating plant performance and biogeochemical processes. The influence of mycorrhizas on plant and ecosystem functioning is ultimately driven by the biological processes that regulate plant–mycorrhizal interactions. Although convergent patterns in morphological and genetic traits of mycorrhizas have been well‐documented and reflect key selection forces that shape the biology of mycorrhizas, generalizable traits of mycorrhizal‐associated root metabolome, which are more intimately linked to plant and ecosystem functioning, remain unexplored.

Here, we compared mycorrhizal‐associated metabolome alterations across multiple plant–mycorrhizal fungus combinations. Specifically, we inoculated a phylogenetically diverse set of temperate tree species with either arbuscular mycorrhizal or ectomycorrhizal fungi (the two major mycorrhizal lifestyles). Using comprehensive metabolomics approaches, we then assessed the metabolome in mycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal roots and the corresponding leaves.

Comparing across multiple plant–mycorrhizal fungus combinations, our data revealed metabolite alterations unique to mycorrhizal lifestyle as well as those common across plant–fungus combinations irrespective of lifestyles. Roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi accumulated different sets of carbohydrates, reflecting unique carbon allocation strategies for mycorrhizas. Arbuscular mycorrhizal roots accumulated cyclic polyols (e.g. inositols) inaccessible to their fungal partners, suggesting tight regulation of carbon partitioning. Such accumulation did not occur in ectomycorrhizal‐colonized roots, which instead accrued acyclic polyols (e.g. mannitol and arabitol) that were undetected in non‐mycorrhizal roots and likely of fungal origin. Mycorrhizas also altered specialized metabolism, featuring frequent increases in flavan‐3‐ols (e.g. catechins, gallocatechins, and their oligomers) but decreases in flavanols irrespective of mycorrhizal lifestyles, suggesting tactical reconfiguration of specialized metabolites to both facilitate and restrain the symbiont. These characteristic metabolite alterations were largely root specific and were not mirrored in leaves.

Synthesis. Using multiple plant–mycorrhizal systems and metabolomics approaches, our study demonstrates that part of the metabolite alterations occurring during root–mycorrhizal interactions were relatively common across plant–mycorrhizal systems, with implications for both carbon partitioning and tissue protection strategies important for successful symbiosis. These generalizable patterns appear robust to the phylogenetic history of host plants and thus may be widespread in land plants.
Energy Poverty: Measurement and Governance in Europe and Lessons for Australia
Authors: Chandrashekeran Sangeetha , Noka Viktoria , Bouzarovski Stefan
Published: November 2022

In Australia there is limited understanding of the scale and nature of energy hardship or poverty. Energy poverty remains a concept with no clear definition and therefore no clear objectives, targets, metrics for data collection nor institutions to monitor and report on. Europe, in the last decade, has gone from limited public recognition of, and policy action on, energy poverty, to now having sophisticated quantitative measurement and monitoring tools, and institutional governance arrangements that promote transparency and accountability. In this paper, drawing on the European experience, we focus attention upon the measures and indicators of energy poverty and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. We propose institutional options for understanding and tackling these problems in the context of Australia's energy transition.
Children, COVID, and confusion: How frontline workers cope with the challenges of vaccine mandates
Authors: Harvey Jake , Attwell Katie
Published: November 2022

With the emergence of COVID‐19, many governments around the world co‐oped non‐health actors into enforcing comprehensive mandatory vaccination policies. Implementing these policies can be challenging, creating irreconcilable goals and problems with knowledge and understanding of areas outside the implementers’ direct field of expertise or scope of work. We know very little about how such frontline workers cope with these challenges associated with implementing policies whose goals lie well outside their remit (which we describe as generating exogenous policy pressures), and what this means for the operation of the policies. This article uses policies in place prior to the pandemic to fill this gap. It examines attitudes and experiences of frontline childcare educators who implement Australia's No Jab, No Play childhood vaccine mandate policies within the states of New South Wales, Queensland, and Victoria. Through qualitative analysis of interview and focus group data, we find that these frontline workers cope with moral conflict, confusion, and a lack of knowledge by moving against clients: they rigidly follow the rules beyond legislative requirements, and sometimes break them, generating a new coping category we call ‘rigid rule breaking’. However, their need to employ coping strategies is informed by the extent to which government has designed the policy to coerce the behaviour of the providers, families, or both. The implementation of more coercive variants of No Jab, No Play policies deviates more from what legislators intended, while providers given scope to make their own decisions about enrolling unvaccinated children report satisfaction in their decision‐making.

Points for practitioners

Australian state mandatory vaccination policies generally require childcare providers to exclude unvaccinated children.

Street level bureaucrats face pressures when implementing coercive policies exogenous to their remit.

They may simplify policy implementation in ways that counter governments’ goals.

Actors given more discretion about passing on coercion to policy targets demonstrate better understanding and ownership of policies.
Some cognitive transformations about the dynamics of desistance
Authors: Giordano Peggy C.
Published: November 2022

This article explores the role of cognitive transformations in the process of desistance from crime. Based on our own and others’ subsequent research, clearly, some aspects of our initial theorizing warrant revisiting and adjustment. The discussion describes changes to ideas about the sequencing of various types of cognitive shifts, suggests the importance of emotional processes in tandem with changes in perspective, and highlights the need to move out of the comfort zone of crime itself when thinking about redefinitions that support desistance. Yet, a consistent notion remains that social and broader structural factors are deeply implicated—directly and indirectly—in all aspects of the change process. This includes the important area of “derailments” from a pattern of forward progress, where additional processual research is needed. The discussion concludes with the argument that individualistic policies and programs centered on cognitive deficits requiring correction are likely to be limited in their effectiveness.
Neuronal HLH‐30/TFEB modulates peripheral mitochondrial fragmentation to improve thermoresistance in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Wong Shi Quan , Ryan Catherine J. , Bonal Dennis M. , Mills Joslyn , Lapierre Louis R.
Published: November 2022

Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a conserved master transcriptional activator of autophagy and lysosomal genes that modulates organismal lifespan regulation and stress resistance. As neurons can coordinate organism‐wide processes, we investigated the role of neuronal TFEB in stress resistance and longevity. To this end, the Caenorhabditis elegans TFEB ortholog, hlh‐30, was rescued panneuronally in hlh‐30 loss of function mutants. While important in the long lifespan of daf‐2 animals, neuronal HLH‐30/TFEB was not sufficient to restore normal lifespan in short‐lived hlh‐30 mutants. However, neuronal HLH‐30/TFEB rescue mediated robust improvements in the heat stress resistance of wildtype but not daf‐2 animals. Notably, these mechanisms can be uncoupled, as neuronal HLH‐30/TFEB requires DAF‐16/FOXO to regulate longevity but not thermoresistance. Through further transcriptomics profiling and functional analysis, we discovered that neuronal HLH‐30/TFEB modulates neurotransmission through the hitherto uncharacterized protein W06A11.1 by inducing peripheral mitochondrial fragmentation and organismal heat stress resistance in a non‐cell autonomous manner. Taken together, this study uncovers a novel mechanism of heat stress protection mediated by neuronal HLH‐30/TFEB.
Root and canal morphology of maxillary second molars in a Black South African subpopulation using cone‐beam computed tomography and two classifications
Authors: Buchanan Glynn Dale , Gamieldien Mohamed Yasin , Fabris‐Rotelli Inger , Van Schoor Albert , Uys Andre
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the root and canal morphology of maxillary second molars in a Black South African population using high‐resolution cone‐beam computed tomography. In total, 386 maxillary second molar teeth were evaluated and described according to the classifications of Vertucci (with the additions of Sert and Bayirli), as well as Ahmed et al. Root number, fusions and canal morphology were recorded. Relationships between morphology, sex and age were assessed using Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05). Maxillary second molars were predominantly three‐rooted (96.1%), with root fusion observed in 14%. No relationships between sex, age and canal morphology were found. Additional canals were observed in 67.4% of mesiobuccal roots. The Ahmed et al. classification provided a better overall description of the morphology. In this population, maxillary second molar teeth exhibited a diversity of root and canal morphology. Complex variations may render endodontic management more difficult and increase the possibility of missed anatomy.
Dignity, conscience and religious pluralism in healthcare: An argument for a presumption in favour of respect for religious belief
Authors: Kirchhoffer David G.
Published: November 2022

Religious pluralism in healthcare means that conflicts regarding appropriate treatment can occur because of convictions of patients and healthcare workers alike. This contribution argues for a presumption in favour of respect for religious belief on the basis that such convictions are judgements of conscience, and respect for conscience is core to what it means to respect human dignity. The human person is a subject in relation to all that is. Human dignity refers to the worth of human persons as members of the species with capacities of reason and free choice that enable the realisation of dignity as self‐worth through morally good behaviour. Conscience is both a feature of inherent dignity and necessary for acquiring dignity as self‐worth. Conscience enables a person to identify objective values and disvalues for human flourishing, the rational capacity to reason about the relative importance of these values and the right way to achieve them and the judgement of the good end and the right means. Human persons are bound to follow their conscience because this is their subjective relationship to objective truth. Religious convictions are decisions of conscience because they are subjective judgements about objective truth. The presumption of respect for religious belief is limited by the normative dimension of human dignity such that a person's beliefs may be overridden if they objectively violate inherent dignity or morally legitimate acquired dignity.
Critique of autonomy‐based arguments against legalising assisted dying
Authors: Petersen Thomas Søbirk , Dige Morten
Published: November 2022

The aim of this article is to present and critically investigate a type of argument against legalising assisted dying on request (ADR) for patients who are terminally ill and experiencing suffering. This type of argument has several variants. These—which we call ‘autonomy‐based arguments’ against legalising ADR—invoke different specifications of the premise that we ought not to respect requests for assistance in dying made by terminally ill and suffering patients because the basic conditions of autonomy cannot be met in scenarios where such requests are made. Specifically, it is argued either (1) that as a result of pain, anxiety or desperation, terminally ill patients are not competent decision makers or (2) that legalisation of ADR would lead to social pressure or in other ways change the patient's context of choice in ways that make such requests nonautonomous. We argue that these types of arguments are problematic in light both of empirical studies and the fact that we usually judge that it is morally right to respect the wishes and decisions of dying people even if they suffer.
Disruption of Mitochondrial‐associated ER membranes by HIV‐1 tat protein contributes to premature brain aging
Authors: Arjona Sterling P. , Allen Charles N. S. , Santerre Maryline , Gross Scott , Soboloff Jonathan , Booze Rosemarie , Sawaya Bassel E.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Mitochondrial‐associated ER membranes (MAMs) control many cellular functions, including calcium and lipid exchange, intracellular trafficking, and mitochondrial biogenesis. The disruption of these functions contributes to neurocognitive disorders, such as spatial memory impairment and premature brain aging. Using neuronal cells, we demonstrated that HIV‐1 Tat protein deregulates the mitochondria.

Methods& Results

To determine the mechanisms, we used a neuronal cell line and showed that Tat‐induced changes in expression and interactions of both MAM‐associated proteins and MAM tethering proteins. The addition of HIV‐1 Tat protein alters expression levels of PTPIP51 and VAPB proteins in the MAM fraction but not the whole cell. Phosphorylation of PTPIP51 protein regulates its subcellular localization and function. We demonstrated that the Tat protein promotes PTPIP51 phosphorylation on tyrosine residues and prevents its binding to VAPB. Treatment of the cells with a kinase inhibitor restores the PTPIP51‐VAPB interaction and overcomes the effect of Tat.

Conclusion

These results suggest that Tat disrupts the MAM, through the induction of PTPIP51 phosphorylation, leading to ROS accumulation, mitochondrial stress, and altered movement. Hence, we concluded that interfering in the MAM‐associated cellular pathways contributes to spatial memory impairment and premature brain aging often observed in HIV‐1‐infected patients.
Acupuncture promotes nerve repair through the benign regulation of mTOR‐mediated neuronal autophagy in traumatic brain injury rats
Authors: Zhao Sisi , Wang Shiqi , Cao Luxi , Zeng Hai , Lin Shujun , Lin Zhuowen , Chen Minan , Zhu Mingmin , Pang Zhao , Zhang Yimin
Published: November 2022

Aims

Recent investigations have already proved the neuroprotective efficacy of acupuncture in clinical practice in the treatment of neurological diseases, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI). Since growing evidence has suggested that neuronal autophagy was involved in multiple stages of TBI, this study aims to clarify the autophagy mediating mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of acupuncture in TBI rats.

Methods

Three experiments were carried out to detect changes in neuronal autophagy and identify the potential molecular mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of acupuncture for TBI treatment. Feeney's free‐falling epidural impingement method was used to establish the moderate TBI rat model; modified neurological severity scoring (mNSS) was used for neurological recovery evaluation. Nissl and HE staining were used to examine the histopathological changes. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the LC3‐positive cell rate. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to investigate the morphology and quantity of autophagosomes. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expressions of LC3, p62, beclin1, mTOR, ULK1, p‐mTOR, and p‐ULK1. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used for gene expressions analysis of LC3 mRNA and p62 mRNA. Co‐immunoprecipitation (CO‐IP) method was used to identify the protein interaction of mTOR and ULK1.

Results

On Day 3 after TBI, acupuncture accelerated the removal of damaged cellular structures by promoting neuronal autophagy; on Day 7 and Day 14 after TBI, acupuncture inhibited neuronal autophagy, preventing excessive autophagy and thus alleviated nerve damage. In addition, the simultaneous treatment with 3‐MA or rapamycin at different stages after TBI attenuated the effect of acupuncture.

Conclusion

Acupuncture has a benign regulatory effect on neuronal autophagy in different stages of TBI, possibly through the mTOR/ULK1 pathway.
Assessment of the fracture properties of adhesively bonded joints submitted to fatigue loads using the Arcan fixture
Authors: Bernolin C. , Stamoulis G. , Bidaud P. , Dagorn N. , Albouy W. , Thévenet D.
Published: November 2022

In the present study, the crack propagation behavior under cyclic loading of an epoxy‐based adhesive was investigated by the means of an Arcan device, in the mixed‐mode plane I+II. The strain energy release rate (SERR) was calculated through an inverse identification method using a Finite Element (FE) modeling. The evolution of the cracked surfaces revealed three main stages during the tests. It was found that under fatigue loading, the crack propagated at a value of SERR per cycle lower than the values of the critical SERR calculated under monotonic loads. The evolutions of the crack propagation rate against the SERR are also provided to highlight the effects of the mixed‐mode ratio on fatigue crack propagation.
Tens of thousands of migrating hoverflies found dead on a strandline in the South of France
Authors: Fisler Lisa , Marcacci Gabriel
Published: November 2022

Knowledge on insect migration is scattered, and we are only starting to grasp the extent and ecological impacts of their massive seasonal bioflows. Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are one group of insects which partake in these long‐distance journeys, which are thought to have important ecological consequences including pollination, biocontrol and nutrient transfer.

Yet, few sightings of mass spring migration have been documented so far. Here, we report observations of tens of thousands of dead insects on a strandline in the South of France in mid‐May 2022.

Hoverflies represented 77% of all dead flying insects found on the strandline and most individuals belonged to the species Episyrphus balteatus and Eupeodes corollae, which are species known to exhibit migratory behaviour.

We assume that strong winds or a localised storm were the cause behind their stranding. Putative flight origins for these insects are north‐eastern Catalonia or the Balearic Islands.

This rarely documented observation enabled us to highlight the scope of hoverfly migration in spring and to discuss some of the challenges they face along their migratory route.
Backlash for high self‐promotion at hiring depends on candidates' gender and age
Authors: Krings Franciska , Manoharan Saranya , Mendes de Oliveira Alissone
Published: November 2022

Previous research has shown that evaluators react negatively to intense, high levels of self‐promotion during the interview, in particular when displayed by female candidates, presumably because these behaviors violate the female gender stereotype of being modest and putting others first. We expand this focus on a single social category and examine the joint effects of gender and age on reactions to high self‐promotion/low modesty, as both gender and age stereotypes contain normative expectations regarding assertiveness and humility. Results of our experimental study point out two groups at risk of backlash, older women and younger men. While both older female and younger male candidates engaging in high self‐promotion were seen as competent, they were regarded as less interpersonally warm, received lower interview performance ratings, and were less likely to be hired. These results provide evidence for the importance of applying an intersectional lens on the effects of self‐promotion at hiring. Their implications for theory and practice as well as recommendations for future research are discussed.
PRN usage before and after discharge from a forensic inpatient unit: A series example of patients with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Busch Louis , Saini Valdeep , Budin Radek , Jones Roland M.
Published: November 2022

Adults living with intellectual and developmental disabilities are often prescribed psychotropic medication on an “as needed” basis (PRN) in response to behavioural challenges. In the present study we conducted a retrospective analysis of medication administration records in the 6‐months preceding and following discharge of 11 adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities to community settings from forensic inpatient units within a mental health hospital. We found a significant reduction in the frequency of PRN usage after discharge. We propose potential reasons for the difference in PRN administration across settings and make suggestions for future research.
CEO mobility and corporate payouts
Authors: Canil Jean , Karpavičius Sigitas , Yu Chia‐Feng (Jeffrey)
Published: November 2022

We examine how chief executive officer (CEO) mobility affects corporate payouts. We exploit US state courts’ staggered adoption of the inevitable disclosure doctrine (IDD) to obtain exogenous variation in mobility. We report several findings. First, we find that firms in IDD‐adopting states increase dividend payouts, whereas the effect of IDD on share repurchases is insignificant relative to firms not in IDD‐adopting states. Second, the increase in dividends is concentrated on firms run by CEOs having high ability. Third, CEOs increasing dividends are less likely to be forced to leave their jobs. Fourth, the increase in dividends is concentrated on firms run by early‐career CEOs rather than retiring CEOs. Last, CEOs increasing dividends receive more favorable shareholders’ say on pay votes for higher pay. Our evidence supports the notion that restricted mobility induces CEOs to choose a dividend policy that enhances their positions with their shareholders.
The joint influence of Sarbanes‐Oxley and FAS123R on financial misreporting
Authors: Davis Robert T. , Lopez Thomas J. , Pollard Troy
Published: November 2022

Prior research reports that a manager's equity risk‐taking incentive (vega) is positively associated with financial misreporting. FAS 123R led to a significant decrease in vega while SOX increased the cost of financial misreporting. Consistent with the original intent of the legislation, we find that SOX contributed to significant decreases in both fraud restatements and AAERs. Importantly, our results suggest that the SOX‐induced decreases in fraud restatements and AAERs have endured to more recent years. On the other hand, while we find evidence that equity‐incentive‐motivated financial misreporting ceased to exist in the immediate years after FAS 123R, we also find that this was only temporary. In particular, we find strong evidence of a significantly positive association between vega and accrual misreporting in more recent years.
Three‐dimensional‐guided and ICE‐guided transseptal puncture for cardiac ablations: A propensity score match study
Authors: Chokesuwattanaskul Ronpichai , Ananwattanasuk Teetouch , Hughey Andrew B. , Stuart Elizabeth A. , Shah Muazzum M. , Atreya Auras R. , Chugh Aman , Bogun Frank , Crawford Thomas , Pelosi Frank , Cunnane Ryan , Ghanbari Hamid , Latchamsetty Rakesh , Chung Eugene , Saeed Mohammed , Ghannam Michael , Liang Jackson , Oral Hakan , Morady Fred , Jongnarangsin Krit
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Transseptal puncture (TSP) is routinely performed for left atrial ablation procedures. The use of a three‐dimensional (3D) mapping system or intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is useful in localizing the fossa ovalis and reducing fluoroscopy use. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy between 3D mapping system‐guided TSP and ICE‐guided TSP techniques.

Methods

We conducted a prospective observational study of patients undergoing TSP for left atrial catheter ablation procedures (mostly atrial fibrillation ablation). Propensity scoring was used to match patients undergoing 3D‐guided TSP with patients undergoing ICE‐guided TSP. Logistic regression was used to compare the clinical data, procedural data, fluoroscopy time, success rate, and complications between the groups.

Results

 Sixty‐five patients underwent 3D‐guided TSP, and 151 propensity score‐matched patients underwent ICE‐guided TSP. The TSP success rate was 100% in both the 3D‐guided and ICE‐guided groups. Median needle time was 4.00 min (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.57–5.08) in patients with 3D‐guided TSP compared to 4.02 min (IQR: 2.83–6.95) in those with ICE‐guided TSP (p = .22). Mean fluoroscopy time was 0.2 min (IQR: 0.1–0.4) in patients with 3D‐guided TSP compared to 1.2 min (IQR: 0.7–2.2) in those with ICE‐guided TSP (p < .001). There were no complications related to TSP in both group.

Conclusions

Three‐dimensional mapping‐guided TSP is as safe and effective as ICE‐guided TSP without additional cost.
RASAL3 predicts overall survival and CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liang Mei , Meng Xiangzhi , Zhou Boxuan , Gao Yushun
Published: November 2022

RAS‐activating protein‐like 3 (RASAL3) is a synaptic Ras GTPase‐activating protein (SynGAP) and a potential novel biomarker of CD8+ T cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This study explored RASAL3 expression in LUAD, the prognostic impact of RASAL3 and the relationship with immune cell infiltration. RASAL3 expression in LUAD tissues was considerably low, with high RASAL3 expression associated with better overall survival, whereas the low expression was linked to advanced T, N, M classifications, TNM stage and lower grade. Furthermore, RASAL3 expression positively correlated with CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration. In conclusion, RASAL3 expression is a potential prognostic and immunological biomarker of LUAD.
Functional and clinical needs of older hospice enrollees with coexisting dementia
Authors: Harrison Krista L. , Cenzer Irena , Smith Alexander K. , Hunt Lauren J. , Kelley Amy S. , Aldridge Melissa D. , Covinsky Kenneth E.
Published: November 2022

Background

The Medicare Hospice Benefit increasingly serves people dying with dementia. We sought to understand characteristics, hospice use patterns, and last‐month‐of‐life care quality ratings among hospice enrollees with dementia coexisting with another terminal illness as compared to enrollees with a principal hospice diagnosis of dementia, and enrollees with no dementia.

Methods

We conducted a pooled cross‐sectional study among decedent Medicare beneficiaries age 70+ using longitudinal data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) (last interview before death; after‐death proxy interview) linked to Medicare hospice claims (2011–2017). We used unadjusted and adjusted regression analyses to compare characteristics of hospice enrollees with coexisting dementia to two groups: (1) enrollees with a principal dementia diagnosis, and (2) enrollees with no dementia.

Results

Among 1105 decedent hospice enrollees age 70+, 40% had coexisting dementia, 16% had a principal diagnosis of dementia, and 44% had no dementia. In adjusted analyses, enrollees with coexisting dementia had high rates of needing help with 3–6 activities of daily living, similar to enrollees with principal dementia (62% vs. 67%). Enrollees with coexisting dementia had high clinical needs, similar to those with no dementia, for example, 63% versus 61% had bothersome pain. Care quality was worse for enrollees with coexisting dementia versus principal dementia (e.g., 61% vs. 79% had anxiety/sadness managed) and similar to those with no dementia. Enrollees with coexisting dementia had similar hospice use patterns as those with principal diagnoses and higher rates of problematic use patterns compared to those with no dementia (e.g., 16% vs. 10% live disenrollment, p = 0.004).

Conclusions

People with coexisting dementia have functional needs comparable to enrollees with principal diagnoses of dementia, and clinical needs comparable to enrollees with no dementia. Changes to hospice care models and policy may be needed to ensure appropriate dementia care.
The intellectual and developmental disability shared citizenship paradigm: its cross‐cultural status, implementation and confirmation
Authors: Luckasson R. , Schalock R. L. , Tassé M. J. , Shogren K. A.
Published: November 2022

Background

Dramatic changes in societal approaches to people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), and the services and supports they receive are reflected in a new paradigm that we name the shared citizenship paradigm. The shared citizenship paradigm (1) incorporates an updated and contemporary set of values and beliefs about people with IDD and their right to participate fully in all aspects of life and society; (2) is characterised by a holistic approach to IDD, a contextual model of human functioning, disability rights principles and person‐centred implementation strategies; (3) incorporates the exponential growth in knowledge about the causes and characteristics of IDD and factors influencing the elimination of barriers to positive outcomes for people with IDD; and (4) is reflected in international covenants, such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities (UNCRPD), and in international policy goals and associated personal outcome domains.

Method

We conducted a preliminary survey on the cross‐cultural status of the shared citizenship paradigm with a small purposefully sampled international group of professionals known to have extensive knowledge, experience, and publications regarding their country's current IDD‐related policies and practices.

Results

One or more paradigm components were evident to a moderate degree in the respondents' countries, and the paradigm is being used to provide individualised services and supports, to guide organisation transformation and systems change, and, to a lesser degree, to frame evidence‐based inquiry.

Conclusions

Core components of the shared citizenship paradigm are present internationally. To further enhance implementation and confirmation of the paradigm, we propose implementation strategies and confirmation techniques.