bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Progress of Energy Utilization of Agricultural Waste in China: Bibliometric Analysis by Citespace
Authors: Wei Jiapei , Liang Gefu , Alex James , Zhang Tongchao , Ma Chunbo
Published: January 2020

Energy utilization of agricultural waste, due to the depletion of petroleum resources and the continuous deterioration of the ecological environment, has become an increasingly important development area at present, with broad prospects. The Citespace software was used to systematically summarize the research hotspots, development, and frontiers of researches on the energy utilization of agricultural waste in China from 1999 to 2018. The results show that (1) the number of publications in this field has increased, which includes a steady development stage, a rapid development stage, and a fluctuation and decline stage. (2) Research hotspots focused on technology for energy utilization of agricultural waste, benefits analysis of energy utilization of agricultural waste, energy conversion and upgrading path of agricultural waste, and energy potential of agricultural waste. (3) Development of research hotspots go through five stages: “technology for energy utilization of straw and the disposal of livestock and poultry waste”, “exploration of energy utilization mode of agricultural waste and the disposal of by-product from energy utilization of agricultural waste”, “technology upgrading from agricultural waste to fuel ethanol and recycling of livestock and poultry waste”, “resource recycling of by-product from biogas ” and “energy utilization of livestock and slaughterhouse waste”. It has revealed the focus in this field was changing from planting waste to breeding waste, and from unprocessed waste to by-product from energy utilization. (4) Energy utilization of slaughterhouse waste and cow manure has started to be considered as the frontiers of researches.
Experiences of Resilience and Mapuche Community Based Tourism in the Pre-Cordilleran Territories of Panguipulli, Southern Chile
Authors: Pilquimán-Vera Marisela , Cabrera-Campos Gustavo , Tenorio-Pangui Patricio
Published: January 2020

In Latin America, community resilience has emphasized the solidarity capacities and strengths of indigenous communities to face and proactively overcome adversities derived from political and social violence. This is the case of Mapuche communities linked to community based tourism in pre-cordilleran areas of southern Chile. This article analyzes tourism experiences of these Mapuche communities, based on a qualitative exploratory and descriptive approach, in order to determine their relationship with community resilience processes. The conclusion is that community based tourism has contributed to absorbing external disturbances associated with the processes of territorial dispossession, colonization, and extractive and neoliberal policies that these communities face, resist, and overlap without losing their identity. This tourism also reinforces processes of cultural revitalization of communities, connected social capacities, and development of organizational strategies to achieve the collective desire for a favorable future associated with their life plans.
Water-Saving Scenarios Based on Input–Output Analysis and Virtual Water Concept: A Case in Iran
Authors: Qasemipour Ehsan , Abbasi Ali , Tarahomi Farhad
Published: January 2020

The strong desire for achieving self-sufficiency in developing and mostly water-scarce regions has endangered socioeconomic and environmental sustainability. South Khorasan is particularly exposed to such insecurities, largely due to its limited water resource endowments and its comparatively intensive agriculture. In this paper, we apply the water footprint accounting method (WFA) along with a regional input–output (IO) model to analyze the efficiency of the total (direct + indirect) water consumption in different economic sectors and water footprint of the region in 2011. Results show that agriculture is responsible for more than 95% of water consumption in the area, while it accounts for just 27% of value-added. Additionally, this sector has the largest contribution to water footprint composition (92%) when compared to other sectors. Three water-saving scenarios are simulated by the use of IO economic model and water footprint accounting method. Applying the proper cropping pattern has the greatest impact on water conservation with 348.46 Mm3 per year. A 10% increase in water productivity contributes nearly twice as much as reducing the exports and increasing the imports of agricultural crops by 10% in saving water with 115.23 and 65.49 Mm3, respectively. The most significant contribution in each water-saving strategy comes from the agriculture sector since it has the largest direct and indirect water-use coefficient. The results of this study can help local policymakers take appropriate measures to improve the efficiency of water resource utilization, taking into consideration social, economic, and environmental sustainability.
Development of Preliminary Curved Bamboo Member Design Guidelines through Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Tahmasebinia Faham , McDougall Rory , Sepasgozar Samad , Abberton Emma , Joung Gi Houn , Joya Maria Paula , Sepasgozar Saleh Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh , Marroquin Fernando Alonso
Published: January 2020

Bamboo is emerging as a lightweight, versatile and renewable material that is projected to realise new methods of construction. There is a growing demand for using bamboo in different regions across the world. However, there are no specific design standards or guidelines that capitalise on the unique circular hollow cross section and internal nodal support of bamboo. Furthermore, there has been no strict analysis into how the curvature of bamboo members can help to better distribute stress through a structure. Bamboo is known as a more environmentally sustainable material than standard timber; however, due to the naturally occurring diaphragm nodal structure, it is less orthotropic in mechanical behaviour, with more out of plane stiffness than timber. To address this issue, this paper presents finite element analysis of three varying bamboo structures, each featuring a varying member curvature and lateral support system. In this paper, a preliminary set of design guidelines have been proposed for bamboo members, maximising the performance of its inherent mechanical properties. These guidelines propose the use of thick, low diameter bamboo members in axial loading and thin, high diameter members in flexural situations. Where available, the preliminary guidelines introduce the importance of curved bamboo members to uniformly distribute forces and crossing arched members to eliminate the need for lateral support systems, thereby reducing the total material required for construction. Finally, this report presents some novel consideration of the out-of-plane buckling of curved bamboo members–although for this purpose it does not consider the effect of the diaphragm components of bamboo, a source of future research and more comprehensive design guidelines.
Sufficiency Business Strategies in the Food Industry—The Case of Oatly
Authors: Bocken Nancy , Morales Lisa Smeke , Lehner Matthias
Published: January 2020

Food is an essential part of our daily lives, but simultaneously, it is a major contributor to environmental issues. The growing world population and changing diets are expected to further exacerbate the negative impact of food production and consumption. This article explores how sufficiency business strategies, focused on moderating consumption levels, can be implemented in the food industry to curb demand and thereby overall resource consumption. First, a literature and practice review are conducted to create a conceptual framework for sufficiency business strategies in the food industry. Second, a case study approach is taken to explore the application of sufficiency strategies at Oatly, a company offering plant-based alternatives to dairy. Semi-structured interviews and review of the company’s sustainability reports are used as key data sources for the case study. This study contributes to research and practice with a novel framework for business sufficiency strategies in the food industry. Although sufficiency implies consumption moderation, it is suggested that when a company substitutes the consumption of a less sustainable option, growth could be desirable. Future research can expand on viable sufficiency strategies for the private sector, but also strategies to engage different stakeholders, such as government, society, and academia, to accelerate the transition towards a sustainable food system.
A Comprehensive Method for Evaluating Marine Disaster Risk Reduction Capacity in China
Authors: Chen Fang , Jia Huicong , Zhang Chuanrong
Published: January 2020

A region’s capacity for marine disaster risk reduction is characterized by the resources that can be mobilized. These resources include pre-disaster defense, disaster monitoring, warning, emergency response, post-disaster restoration, and reconstruction. It is a very important index to effectively evaluate the regional capacity to overcome marine disasters. At present, there is no unified model and method for comprehensively evaluating the regional marine disaster reduction capacity. This study proposes a novel evaluation index system for a county-level administrative region using expert opinions, questionnaires, and analytic hierarchy process methods. Based on the comprehensive evaluation in three pilot areas, the current situation of regional marine disaster reduction capacity is analyzed, which would contribute to the effective management of marine disaster risks in the future. The results and experiences are of great value to future disaster reduction capacity assessment promotion and practice in all coastal counties of China.
Experimenting with RRI tools to Drive Sustainable Agri-Food Research: The SASS Case Study from Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Tricarico Luca , Galimberti Andrea , Campanaro Ausilia , Magoni Chiara , Labra Massimo
Published: January 2020

The need to develop experimental tools for a responsible research and innovation (RRI) framework is relevant for managing research agendas and policy making that seriously take into account the complex conditions of innovation development (linked to multidisciplinarity and interaction processes) between the researchers and their fieldwork activities. The adoption of an RRI framework is even more important for multidisciplinary and complex issues, such as the agri-food system. In this context, the SASS (Sustainable Agri-food Systems for Sustainable Development (SASS) project represents a good example for verifying the application of the RRI strategy in a varied research group committed to the development of sustainable agri-food systems in Sub-Saharan Africa. The project, which involves more than 50 researchers from different fields of knowledge and theoretical backgrounds, showed the importance of the processes of reflection, re-driving, and convergence in the definition of research objectives and strategies. This process started by experimenting with new dedicated RRI tools in order to allow interactions between the researchers, including exchanging their experience in data collection and theoretical reflection development. With respect to this analysis, it was interesting to analyze how the RRI tools and strategies have been activated between researchers and different stakeholders, generating reflections capable of re-adapting the results towards shared and accessible innovation for the extended society. Following the discussion based on the description of the SASS-RRI agenda tools and following an internal verification given from an RRI-based web survey, this contribution provides new insights, in terms of tools and strategies, to promote and refine RRI approaches. This work underlines how RRI methods have promoted internal and external interactions to connect the research objectives towards a model of open innovation.
A Sensitivity and Robustness Analysis of GPR and ANN for High-Performance Concrete Compressive Strength Prediction Using a Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Dao Dong Van , Adeli Hojjat , Ly Hai-Bang , Le Lu Minh , Le Vuong Minh , Le Tien-Thinh , Pham Binh Thai
Published: January 2020

This study aims to analyze the sensitivity and robustness of two Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, namely Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) with five different kernels (Matern32, Matern52, Exponential, Squared Exponential, and Rational Quadratic) and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) using a Monte Carlo simulation for prediction of High-Performance Concrete (HPC) compressive strength. To this purpose, 1030 samples were collected, including eight input parameters (contents of cement, blast furnace slag, fly ash, water, superplasticizer, coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, and concrete age) and an output parameter (the compressive strength) to generate the training and testing datasets. The proposed AI models were validated using several standard criteria, namely coefficient of determination (R2), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). To analyze the sensitivity and robustness of the models, Monte Carlo simulations were performed with 500 runs. The results showed that the GPR using the Matern32 kernel function outperforms others. In addition, the sensitivity analysis showed that the content of cement and the testing age of the HPC were the most sensitive and important factors for the prediction of HPC compressive strength. In short, this study might help in selecting suitable AI models and appropriate input parameters for accurate and quick estimation of the HPC compressive strength.
Circular Economy in China: Translating Principles into Practice
Authors: Pesce Marco , Tamai Ilaria , Guo Deyan , Critto Andrea , Brombal Daniele , Wang Xiaohui , Cheng Hongguang , Marcomini Antonio
Published: January 2020

The concept of circular economy (CE) has recently gained momentum in the political, scientific, and economic debate, especially in China and Europe. As a result, organizations and scholars have started to establish different sets of principles for its adoption. For this reason, it is important to identify and assess the differences and similarities among existing sets of CE principles, and how organizations and individuals understand and translate them into practice. In this paper, we firstly present a brief review and analysis of the coherence among six existing sets of principles. Our analysis finds that, despite the mixed degree of coherence, all sets describe the necessity to implement CE principles at all levels of a company. We then present the results of an in-depth qualitative survey that investigates how 19 key informants representing small, medium, and multinational companies based in China understand and carry out the CE principles laid out by the BSI standard BS 8001:2017; how these principles can transform the culture and processes of these companies; and what are the opportunities and threats that such transformation can bring. Results describe a good awareness and knowledge of the CE principles and an optimistic outlook concerning their adoption. At the same time, numerous barriers and threats that the implementation of these principles might entail are presented. Overall, respondents confirm the complexity of implementing the principles of the CE in an integrated and consistent way in the management and strategies of Chinese companies and highlight the challenges that might arise during their implementation.
Impact of Climate Extremes on Suitability Dynamics for Japanese Scallop Aquaculture in Shandong, China and Funka Bay, Japan
Authors: Liu Yang , Tian Yongjun , Saitoh Sei-Ichi , Alabia Irene D. , Mochizuki Kan-Ichiro
Published: January 2020

The assessment of extreme weather events on suitable sites for aquaculture could help in establishing sustainable coastal environmental resource management. Japanese scallop culture is an economically important marine farming activity in the coastal communities of Shandong, China and Funka Bay, Japan. In this study, we improved the suitable aquaculture site-selection model (SASSM) by using Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) data instead of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, as a complementary source for higher temporal and spatial resolution data that are useful for monitoring fine-scale coastal and oceanic processes. We also applied the newly developed SASSM to the Japanese scallop production site along the Shandong coast. Finally, we analyzed the correlations between environmental factors (chlorophyll a concentration, sea surface temperature (SST), and total suspended sediment), meteorological factors (precipitation, temperature, and wind), and climatic events (winter East Asian monsoon (EAM) and El Niño/La Niña Southern Oscillation), and the impacts of climate events on suitable zones for scallop aquaculture. The new SASSM maps show that GOCI products have the potential for oceanographic investigations in Shandong, China and Funka Bay, Japan. Our results highlighted higher aquaculture site suitability for scallop in Funka Bay than in Shandong coast. During the winter with a strong EAM (2011), the suitable area for Japanese scallop aquaculture increased. Conversely, in the winter during a strong El Niño (2016), we found fewer areas that were highly suitable for scallop aquaculture in Funka Bay. SST was extremely low in Funka Bay during spring and summer 2017, which caused fewer highly suitable areas (scores of 7 and 8) for scallop aquaculture relative to other years. These findings suggest that extreme climatic events significantly impact the availability of suitable sites for marine farming and thus, should be considered in the development and design of coastal aquaculture sites.
Lost Material Stock in Buildings due to Sea Level Rise from Global Warming: The Case of Fiji Islands
Authors: Merschroth Simon , Miatto Alessio , Weyand Steffi , Tanikawa Hiroki , Schebek Liselotte
Published: January 2020

This study developed a methodology to estimate the amount of construction material in coastal buildings which are lost due to climate change-induced sea level rise. The Republic of Fiji was chosen as a case study; sea level rise is based on predictions by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for the years 2050 and 2100. This study combines the concept of a geographic information system based digital inundation analysis with the concept of a material stock analysis. The findings show that about 4.5% of all existing buildings on Fiji will be inundated by 2050 because of an expected global sea level rise of 0.22 m (scenario 1) and 6.2% by 2100 for a sea level rise of 0.63 m (scenario 2). The number of buildings inundated by 2050 is equivalent to 40% of the average number of new constructed buildings in Fiji Islands in a single year. Overall, the amount of materials present in buildings which will be inundated by 2050 is 900,000 metric tons (815,650 metric tons of concrete, 52,100 metric tons of timber, and 31,680 metric tons of steel). By 2100, this amount is expected to grow to 1,151,000 metric tons (1,130,160 metric tons of concrete, 69,760 metric tons of timber, and 51,320 metric tons of steel). The results shall contribute in enhancing urban planning, climate change adaptation strategies, and the estimation of future demolition flows in small island developing states.
Modeling Method for Cost and Carbon Emission of Sheep Transportation Based on Path Optimization
Authors: Zhang Mengjie , Wang Lei , Feng Huanhuan , Zhang Luwei , Zhang Xiaoshuan , Li Jun
Published: January 2020

Energy conservation, cost, and emission reduction are the research topics of most concern today. The aim of this paper is to reduce the cost and carbon emissions and improve the sustainable development of sheep transportation. Under the typical case of the “farmers–middlemen–slaughterhouses” (FMS) supply model, this paper comprehensively analyzed the factors, sources, and types of cost and carbon emissions in the process of sheep transportation, and a quantitative evaluation model was established. The genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed to search for the optimal path of sheep transportation, and then the model solving algorithm was designed based on the basic GA. The results of path optimization indicated that the optimal solution can be obtained effectively when the range of basic parameters of GA was set reasonably. The optimal solution is the optimal path and the shortest distance under the supply mode of FMS, and the route distance of the optimal path is 245.6 km less than that of random path. From the cost distribution, the fuel power cost of the vehicle, labor cost in transportation, and consumables cost account for a large proportion, while the operation and management cost of the vehicle and depreciation cost of the tires account for a small proportion. The total cost of the optimal path is 26.5% lower than that of the random path, and the total carbon emissions are 36.3% lower than that of random path. Path optimization can thus significantly reduce the cost of different types and significantly reduce the proportion of vehicle fuel power cost and consumables cost, but the degree of cost reduction of different types is different. The result of the optimal path is the key to be explored in this study, and it can be used as the best reference for sheep transportation. The quantitative evaluation model established in this paper can systematically measure the cost and carbon emissions generated in the sheep transportation, which can provide theoretical support for practical application.
Psychological and Demographic Factors Affecting Household Energy-Saving Intentions: A TPB-Based Study in Northwest China
Authors: Liu Xuan , Wang Qiancheng , Wei Hsi-Hsien , Chi Hung-Lin , Ma Yaotian , Jian Izzy Yi
Published: January 2020

Changing energy consumption behavior is a promising strategy to enhance household energy efficiency and to reduce carbon emission. Understanding the role of psychological and demographic factors in the context of energy-conservation behaviors is critical to promote energy-saving behaviors in buildings. This study first proposes a theoretical framework built on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Based on the collected survey data from 207 families (553 residents) in three communities in Xi’an, a typical city in northwest China, the research examines how three standard TPB predictors, namely attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, as well as their interactive effects and three socio-demographic factors (i.e., house ownership, education and household income) influence building occupants’ energy-saving intention at home. Through structural equation modeling and keyword analysis, this study reveals that two interaction terms, namely attitude and subjective norms, as well as attitude and perceived behavior control, significantly influence building occupants’ energy-saving intention. Furthermore, this study implies that household income may positively associate with occupants’ energy-saving intention. The model in this study would be conducive to architects and property managers to mitigate severe building energy overuse problem in design and operation stages. Based on a qualitative analysis, the study then discusses the limitations of the study and further research direction. The results of this study would be conducive to building designers and operators to develop customized architectural or informatic interventions and to mitigate the severe energy overuse problem in the residential sector in northwest China.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Human Resource Management: Towards Sustainable Business Organizations
Authors: Herrera Juan , de las Heras-Rosas Carlos
Published: January 2020

Today’s organizations are immersed in a global market, where any detail can provide a competitive advantage over rival companies and condition their sustainability. Corporate Social Responsibility and Human Resource Management have become very powerful tools within companies. However, the potential, development, and measurement of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Human Resource Management (HRM) have not been sufficiently explored. The literature has developed multiple case studies on CSR and HRM and has studied the combination of both factors and their link to economic, environmental, and social sustainability, but has not yet found a solid basis from which to address the new functionality of CSR, HRM, and sustainable business management. This work aims to investigate trends in scientific production related to Corporate Social Responsibility and Human Resource Management. Bibliometric techniques and SciMAT software have been used for this purpose. A total of 314 articles from Web of Science (WOS) indexed journals were analyzed. The results obtained confirm that the interest in the study of these concepts has grown exponentially in the last decade. It should be noted that the definitions of CSR and HRM, and even the relationship between the two, continue to be subject to multiple interpretations. The contribution of this work lies in the fact that, through the longitudinal analysis carried out, light is shed on the groups of issues that emerge with special projection, such as green-management, stakeholders, commitment, competitive-advantage, satisfaction, performance, sustainability, or research-methods-analysis, and which must continue to be explored in order to respond to the demands that business organizations have in this respect, and to help the total integration of the different approaches related to CSR and HRM.
Advancing Food Security through Agroecological Technologies: The Implementation of the Biointensive Method in the Dry Corridor of Nicaragua
Authors: Simon Xavier , Montero Maria , Bermudez Óscar
Published: January 2020

In contrast with international food assistance programs, or with the new green revolution based on the sustainable intensification of agriculture, this work proposes an agroecological technology to overcome food insecurity problems in countries like Nicaragua, most especially in rural areas. In particular, it analyzes the effects of implementing the biointensive method—an agroecological food production initiative that is highly labor-intensive, but requires little land—in various communities of the Dry Corridor in Nicaragua. This project is the result of establishing an international consortium for development cooperation where grassroots communities played a prominent role. The main results are an improvement in local food security and a strengthening of the communities’ capacity to face major challenges arising from poverty and climate change, the effects of which are increasingly noticeable in Central America. The main weakness identified is that the necessary tropicalization of the method has not been sufficiently tested, for a two-year period is too short a time to transform the prevailing rural development dynamics significantly.
Measuring Age-Friendly Housing: A Framework
Authors: Luciano Adriana , Pascale Federica , Polverino Francesco , Pooley Alison
Published: January 2020

An ageing population raises the question of providing adequate housing that enables older people to age in place without losing autonomy and independence. Except for the issue of accessibility, no framework exists that specifically outlines a standard to achieve and, as a result, interventions on existing or on new buildings may be inconsistent without leading to a desired rise in living standards. This research addresses this issue by presenting a framework for the assessment of the age-appropriateness of housing through a number of metrics that detect and identify physical and non-physical features of a home environment to enable ageing in place. The study combines data from a qualitative systematic literature review of 93 papers and qualitative data from structured interviews with four experts in the field. As a result, 71 metrics were identified, divided into eight main domains, to describe the framework. This paper provides an improved understanding of the housing features that enable ageing in place. The tool categorizes and rates qualitative and quantitative aspects that contribute to the age-friendliness of housing, resulting in an easy to adopt assessment framework. This is a valuable means for stakeholders engaged in improving the current housing stock or in constructing new buildings for older people.
Towards Understanding the Initial Adoption of Online Retail Stores in a Low Internet Penetration Context: An Exploratory Work in Ghana
Authors: Jibril Abdul Bashiru , Kwarteng Michael Adu , Pilik Michal , Botha Elsamari , Osakwe Christian Nedu
Published: January 2020

Online shopping has become increasingly popular in the past two decades. Yet, despite its popularity, the use of online stores on the African continent pales in comparison to other parts of the world. Moreover, in many economic contexts in Africa and including Ghana, there has been very limited research on the subject of online adoption and in particular, the fundamental factors that can influence its initial adoption, especially among young and relatively educated consumers who constitute the largest demographic group there. We, therefore, make a determined effort to fill this growing knowledge gap by exploring some fundamental factors associated to shop online by young and educated consumers. This exploratory research draws on the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) framework and focuses on five variables of interest namely perceived ease of use, government support infrastructure, and economic considerations about pricing, perceived convenience and use intentions of online retail stores. Evidence collected from 294 research participants provides support for our research propositions Finally, our research contributions and future study directions are considered in the concluding part of the paper.
Reviewing the Smart City Vienna Framework Strategy’s Potential as an Eco-Social Policy in the Context of Quality of Work and Socio-Ecological Transformation
Authors: Brandl Jana , Zielinska Irina
Published: January 2020

In the face of an increasing awareness of environmental issues and the urgent need to tackle them without shifting the burden onto the most vulnerable social groups, calls for a socio-economic transformation are growing louder. However, there is no consensus on what transformative strategies should look like. Within the German-language literature one can broadly distinguish two transformative paradigms: the green economy paradigm, arguing for soft political steering mechanisms and technological innovations in order to green the current economic system and the degrowth paradigm, drawing the current growth-oriented economic system into question. In both approaches a tendency to marginalize issues of quality of work prevails. We argue that work is not only an integral part of one’s income, but also of one’s identity and psychosocial wellbeing as well as of social peace and cohesion and that it should therefore be at the heart of socio-ecological transformative strategies. We apply these theoretical considerations to the analysis of the Smart City Vienna Framework Strategy (SCWR), which is promoted as a holistic sustainability strategy paper. Additionally, we conducted expert workshops and interviews in order to analyze how stakeholders within the sectors with the highest CO2 emissions in Vienna perceive the SCWR in relation to work. We found that the SCWR does not live up to its potential as an eco-social policy as it remains tightly rooted within the green economy paradigm and does not account for the ecological dimension of work. The stakeholders’ perspectives on the SCWR vary according to the degree to which they are embedded within the green economy paradigm as well as their position within the economic system. However, generally the SCWR is not perceived as an eco-social policy and no connection is made between environmental issues and quality of work. We argue that transformative degrowth strategies could greatly benefit from making this connection explicit.
Determinants of Farm Resilience to Climate Change: The Role of Farmer Entrepreneurship and Value Chain Collaborations
Authors: Kangogo Daniel , Dentoni Domenico , Bijman Jos
Published: January 2020

The concept of resilience gained traction in academic, policy, and development discourse in recent years, yet its conceptualization and application at the farm level has received little attention. For instance, recent policy recommendations present farm resilience as a silver bullet in dealing with agricultural risks and uncertainty, and in achieving sustainable agri-food systems. Yet, the question of what determines farm resilience in a smallholder farming set-up remains fuzzy. To address this knowledge gap, we firstly develop a novel conceptual framework based on determinants of farm resilience and farmer adaptive capacity as a pathway through which farm resilience is strengthened. The emphasis on adaptive capacity responds to a conceptual weakness inherent in studies that present socio-ecological systems as static systems. Secondly, based on a literature review, we propose mechanisms through which farmer entrepreneurship, membership in farmer organization, and farmer–buyer relationships may influence farmer adaptive capacity and thereby farm resilience. Based on our conceptual understanding of the determinants of farm resilience, we recommend approaches that augment farmer entrepreneurship, support farmer organizations, and strengthen farmer–buyer relationships.
Social Factors Key to Landscape-Scale Coastal Restoration: Lessons Learned from Three U.S. Case Studies
Authors: DeAngelis Bryan , Sutton-Grier Ariana , Colden Allison , Arkema Katie , Baillie Christopher , Bennett Richard , Benoit Jeff , Blitch Seth , Chatwin Anthony , Dausman Alyssa , Gittman Rachel , Greening Holly , Henkel Jessica , Houge Rachel , Howard Ron , Hughes A. , Lowe Jeremy , Scyphers Steven , Sherwood Edward , Westby Stephanie , Grabowski Jonathan
Published: January 2020

In the United States, extensive investments have been made to restore the ecological function and services of coastal marine habitats. Despite a growing body of science supporting coastal restoration, few studies have addressed the suite of societally enabling conditions that helped facilitate successful restoration and recovery efforts that occurred at meaningful ecological (i.e., ecosystem) scales, and where restoration efforts were sustained for longer (i.e., several years to decades) periods. Here, we examined three case studies involving large-scale and long-term restoration efforts including the seagrass restoration effort in Tampa Bay, Florida, the oyster restoration effort in the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland and Virginia, and the tidal marsh restoration effort in San Francisco Bay, California. The ecological systems and the specifics of the ecological restoration were not the focus of our study. Rather, we focused on the underlying social and political contexts of each case study and found common themes of the factors of restoration which appear to be important for maintaining support for large-scale restoration efforts. Four critical elements for sustaining public and/or political support for large-scale restoration include: (1) resources should be invested in building public support prior to significant investments into ecological restoration; (2) building political support provides a level of significance to the recovery planning efforts and creates motivation to set and achieve meaningful recovery goals; (3) recovery plans need to be science-based with clear, measurable goals that resonate with the public; and (4) the accountability of progress toward reaching goals needs to be communicated frequently and in a way that the general public comprehends. These conclusions may help other communities move away from repetitive, single, and seemingly unconnected restoration projects towards more large-scale, bigger impact, and coordinated restoration efforts.
Bioprospecting Staphylococcus Phages with Therapeutic and Bio-Control Potential
Authors: Oduor Joseph M. Ochieng’ , Kadija Ermir , Nyachieo Atunga , Mureithi Marianne W. , Skurnik Mikael
Published: January 2020

Emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a serious threat to the public health. This is also true for Staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococci. Staphylococcus phages Stab20, Stab21, Stab22, and Stab23, were isolated in Albania. Based on genomic and phylogenetic analysis, they were classified to genus Kayvirus of the subfamily Twortvirinae. In this work, we describe the in-depth characterization of the phages that electron microscopy confirmed to be myoviruses. These phages showed tolerance to pH range of 5.4 to 9.4, to maximum UV radiation energy of 25 µJ/cm2, to temperatures up to 45 °C, and to ethanol concentrations up to 25%, and complete resistance to chloroform. The adsorption rate constants of the phages ranged between 1.0 × 10−9 mL/min and 4.7 × 10−9 mL/min, and the burst size was from 42 to 130 plaque-forming units. The phages Stab20, 21, 22, and 23, originally isolated using Staphylococcus xylosus as a host, demonstrated varied host ranges among different Staphylococcus strains suggesting that they could be included in cocktail formulations for therapeutic or bio-control purpose. Phage particle proteomes, consisting on average of ca 60–70 gene products, revealed, in addition to straight-forward structural proteins, also the presence of enzymes such DNA polymerase, helicases, recombinases, exonucleases, and RNA ligase polymer. They are likely to be injected into the bacteria along with the genomic DNA to take over the host metabolism as soon as possible after infection.
MODIFIKASI SOLAR MENJADI BAHAN BAKAR SETARA PERTAMINA DEX
Authors: Nugraheni Ika Kusuma
Published: January 2020

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai modifikasi solar untuk dapat memiliki karakter menyerupai Pertamina DEX. Solar yang digunakan bersumber dari bahan bakar produk Pertamina yang dijual di pasaran. Uji karakter fisik menunjukkan kualitas Pertamina DEX lebih baik dibandingkan solar. Hasil analisis komponen bahan bakar menunjukkan bahwa kedua bahan bakar memiliki pola sebaran kromatogram yang serupa, hanya saja sebaran Pertamina DEX lebih sempit dibandingkan solar. Modifikasi dilakukan dengan menghilangkan fraksi ringan dan fraksi berat solar dengan cara distilasi. Hasil modifikasi dianalisis sebaran komponennya menggunakan kromatografi gas.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  modifikasi solar menggunakan teknik distilasi menghasilkan 3 fraksi. Fraksi ini terpisahkan berdasarkan perbedaan titik didihnya. Hasil modifikasi menunjukkan bahwa fraksi 2 dan 3 memiliki sebaran komponen yang serupa dengan Pertamina Dex.
Employee Culling based on of Online Work Assessment through Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Redwan Khaled , Ahammed Yeasin , Hridoy Masum Akram , Nur Fernaz Narin , Islam A. H. M. Saiful
Published: January 2020

Online reviews are one of the significant factors in a customer’s purchase decision or to avail of any service. Online reviews give rise to the potential threats that fake reviewers may write a false review to artificially promote a product or defaming value of a service. Using Natural Language Processing, many methods have already been developed to detect fake reviews, especially reviews written in the English language. In this paper, I propose a novel framework where authenticity of a feedback will check through two perspectives. Firstly, the system checks whether the review is fake or not. Secondly, it also checks the authenticity of the reviewer. The outcome result accumulates in cloud storage for providing further business analytics.
Rediscovering Jane Eyre’s Bertha in Wide Sargasso Sea: A Post-Colonial Study
Authors: Mohammad Chishti Kazi Ehteshumes
Published: January 2020

This particular article focuses on two novels, namely Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys and Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte. What many casual readers are unable to grasp though the reading of post-colonial writing is the various subjects and areas it covers, and how it incorporates all what are currently prevalent in the society, such as ruling class, sexuality, slavery,society, bigotry, and romance are covered by some of the most famous post-colonial critiques. This detailed article will help understanding the hypercritical fact of a euphemistic colonial narrative that mostly gives touchy feelings to the readers about the colonial master’s ironical kindheartedness and a fictional yet considerably realistic characterization of a contrapuntal narrative with the help of those terms and their effectiveness quite adequately along with references from both texts. The lineage and background of post-colonial study is also discussed and both novels are thoroughly presented in a postcolonial manner unlike any other.
The Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Business Performance in Star Class Hotels of Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunasekara Nalin B. De V. , Shukri Dr. Sakinah , Khatibi Prof. Dr. Ali , Azam Dr. S.M. Ferdous
Published: January 2020

The article studies the relationship between the Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance in star class hotels of Sri Lanka. The study has utilized data collected from 215 senior managers employed in the star class hotel sector. CFA SEM analysis was performed using AMOS 21 to identify the relationship. The quantitative data analysis revealed there is a significant relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Business performance. Further, it was found Proactiveness, Risk Taking, Innovativeness, Autonomy and Competitor Aggressiveness are dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation.
Does BIGMAC Index Consider as a Substitute for Inflation Rate
Authors: Yasser Mai , Mussad Mohamed , Sanad Nadine
Published: January 2020

The BIGMAC Index was designed by The Economist in 1986 as a happy manual for whether monetary standards are at their "right" level. It depends on the hypothesis of acquiring power equality (PPP), the thought that over the long haul trade rates should move towards the rate that would even out the costs of an indistinguishable container of merchandise and enterprises (for this situation, a burger) in any two nations. The BicMac list has been distributed every year by The Economist since 1986 and is evaluated as a streamlined pointer of a nation's individual obtaining power. The same number of nations have various monetary forms, the institutionalized BIGMAC costs are determined by changing over the normal national BIGMAC costs with the most recent swapping scale to U.S. dollars. The Big Mac, as a top-selling McDonald's burger, is utilized for examination since it is accessible in pretty much every nation and fabricated in an institutionalized size, piece and quality. McDonald's is an overall working drive-through joint chain with central command in Oak Brook, Illinois. Its worldwide income added up to about 21.03 billion U.S. dollars in 2018. Most McDonald eateries are spread over the United States. The BIGMAC Index is determined by partitioning the cost of a BIGMAC in one nation by the cost of a BIGMAC in another nation in their separate nearby monetary forms to land at a conversion scale. This conversion scale is then contrasted with the official swapping scale between the two monetary forms to decide whether either money is underestimated or exaggerated by the PPP hypothesis.
Environmental Reporting Disclosures Practices of Listed Ceramic and Cement Companies at DSE in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Main , Islam Rabiul , Rouf Md. Abdur , Kayser Md. Javed
Published: January 2020

This study attempts to investigate the environmental accounting disclosure reporting practices in annual report of listed ceramic and cement companies at Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) in Bangladesh. To derive the results, we had collected data from secondary source more specifically from annual report. Collected data are analyzed by using, with statistical tools and SPSS software. For testing hypothesis, we have conducted data analysis with regression model and ANOVA test. The study revealed that only 40% listed ceramic companies disclosed their environmental accounting disclosure reporting practices in annual report and 71.43% listed cement companies disclosed their environmental accounting disclosure reporting practices in annual report. Both from ceramic and cement companies, no one disclosed any monetary information about environmental accounting disclosure reporting practices in their annual report. From two sectors comparatively cement companies disclosed more environmental accounting disclosure reporting practices in annual report. Another investigation was done under this study and found that there is no significant relationship of extend of environmental disclosure with Earnings Per Share (EPS), Net Profit (NP), rate of Cash Dividend (CD),Total Assets (TA); and Net Asset Value per Share (NAPV).
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TURBINE VENTILATOR AS AN ALTERNATIVE POWER PLANT
Authors: Suryadi Aris
Published: January 2020

Indonesia is actively developing the potential for renewable energy as a substitute for depleting fossil energy reserves. Wind energy is clean energy without polling the environment. Wind energy in Indonesia has great potential, but it is still not optimal enough for its utilization. One form of alternative energy that can be utilized as mechanical energy by wind turbines to convert into electrical energy by dc generators. Ventilators that operate for 24 hours function to suck water and, located on the roof of a warehouse, sports hall . Utilization of wind to become electrical energy is designed from the use of a turbine ventilator as a medium to convert wind into motion energy, where the movement of the turbine is continued by pulley and v-belt comparisons to the generator, this generator produces electricity. This research examines how much electrical energy is produced at different wind speeds ranging from 3 to 5.4 m/s. From the tests conducted, the generator rotation, and the lowest voltage is at wind speed of 3 m/s which is 3.6 V. while the generator speed and the highest voltage is obtained if the wind speed is 5.4 m/s which is 10.3 V.
КЫТАЙ ТИЛИН ҮЙРӨНҮҮДӨ

БАЛДАРГА КЫТАЙ ТИЛИН ОКУТУУ УСУЛДАРЫН

КОЛДОНУУ
Authors: Букабаева Ж.С.
Published: January 2020

Аннотация: Бул макалада кытай тилин үйрөнүүдө, балдарга кытай тилин окутуу усулдарын колдонуу, студенттердин билимин, сөз байлыктарын жогурулатууга өбөлгө түзөт. Бул нерсе окуучулардын окууга болгон кызыгуусун арттырып, андан ары жөнгө салынуусу толук каралат. Студенттин ишмердүүлүгүнө жана пассивдүүлүгүнө жараша окуунун натыйжасы дагы ошого жараша болот.
Кызыгуу бул адамдын ишин жөндөмдүү болгон психологиялык өзгөчөлүгү болуп саналат. Эгерде адам баласы бир ишти жасап жатып, ошол ишке кызыгуусун арттырып жаткан болсо ал ошол иштен жагымдуу эмоциялар менен сөзсүз түрдө каршылашат. Бир нерсеге кызыгуунун аркасы, баш оту менен сүнгүп кирип, толук кандуу аягына чейин үзүрүн көрө алат.
Түйүндүү сөздөр: кытай тилинин грамматикасы, орус тилинин грамматикасынын, кыргыз тилинин грамматикасына, грамматика маданияты, тыбыш, лексикалогия, тамгалар, үндүү, үнсүз, үн, басым, ыкма.
Аннотация: В статье рассматривается использование способов обучения китайскому языку детей для обучения взрослых имеет целью повысить увлекательность занятий. Это направлено на формирование у учащихся интереса к учебе. В зависимости от пассивности или активности студента находится и
результат обучения. Интерес представляет собой психологическую особенность, обладающую способностью направлять деятельность человека. Если человек заинтересован в том деле, которое он делает, он способен при этом испытывать положительные эмоции, увлечься этой деятельностью.
Ключевые слова: грамматика китайского языка, грамматика русского языка, грамматика кыргызского языка, грамматическая культура, фонетика, лексикология, инициали, финали, тон, ударение, способ, метод.
摘要: 语音是语言的物质外壳,语音教学也是对外汉语教学的重点。在对外
汉语语音教学过程中,我们发现留学生习得汉语语音的偏误呈现出“国别化”的
规律。本文笔者将告诉我们吉尔吉斯斯坦留学生汉语声母的发音偏误。趣味性主
要体现在教师身上,或者说体现在教学过程中。教师的知识水 平、素质修养、
教学方法、教学艺术、教学态度、敬业精神、性格秉性等, 如果教师能把这些
方面的良好状态成功地体现在教学过程中,必定会深深 地吸引每一个学生,教
学过程自然充满趣味性。
关键词: 汉语语法,俄语语法,吉尔吉斯语语法,语法文化,语音,词汇
学,首字母,结尾,语气,重音,方法。将儿童汉语教学过程中所使用的方法运用到成 人汉语教学中来的目的只 有一个,就是要增加课堂 的趣味性,这是为了引起学生学习汉语的兴趣, 使 他们愿意学,喜欢学。学习是被动地学还是主动地

学,效果大不一样。 兴趣是一种带有趋向性的心理
特征,当人们对所做的事情感兴趣的时候, 就会产
生愉快的情感,就会乐此不疲地去做。这时人的心
理活动自然地趋 于定向——集中注意力。