bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-time observation of vortex mode switching in a narrow-linewidth mode-locked fiber laser
Authors: Lu Jiafeng , Shi Fan , Meng Linghao , Zhang Longkun , Teng Linping , Luo Zhengqian , Yan Peiguang , Pang Fufei , Zeng Xianglong
Published: May 2020

Temporal and spatial resonant modes are always possessed in physical systems with energy oscillation. In ultrafast fiber lasers, enormous progress has been made toward controlling the interactions of many longitudinal modes, which results in temporally mode-locked pulses. Recently, optical vortex beams have been extensively investigated due to their quantized orbital angular momentum, spatially donut-like intensity, and spiral phase front. In this paper, we have demonstrated the first to our knowledge observation of optical vortex mode switching and their corresponding pulse evolution dynamics in a narrow-linewidth mode-locked fiber laser. The spatial mode switching is achieved by incorporating a dual-resonant acousto-optic mode converter in the vortex mode-locked fiber laser. The vortex mode-switching dynamics have four stages, including quiet-down, relaxation oscillation, quasi mode-locking, and energy recovery prior to the stable mode-locking of another vortex mode. The evolution dynamics of the wavelength shifting during the switching process are observed via the time-stretch dispersion Fourier transform method. The spatial mode competition through optical nonlinearity induces energy fluctuation on the time scale of ultrashort pulses, which plays an essential role in the mode-switching dynamic process. The results have great implications in the study of spatial mode-locking mechanisms and ultrashort laser applications.
Long-time behaviour of solutions to an evolution PDE with nonstandard growth
Authors: Frankowska Hélène , Moscariello Gioconda
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we prove time estimates for solutions to a general nonhomogeneous parabolic problem whose operator satisfies nonstandard growth conditions.
We also study the asymptotic behaviour of solutions to an anisotropic problem.
On q-analogues for trigonometric identities
Authors: Abo Touk Sarah , Al Houchan Zina , El Bachraoui Mohamed
Published: May 2020

In this paper we will give q-analogues for the Pythagorean trigonometric identity
{\sin^{2}z+\cos^{2}z=1} in terms of Gosper’s q-trigonometry. We shall also give new q-analogues for the duplicate trigonometric identity
{\sin(x-y)\sin(x+y)=\sin^{2}x-\sin^{2}y}.
Moreover, we shall give a short proof for an identity of Gosper, which was also established by Mező.
The main argument of our proofs is the residue theorem applied to elliptic functions.
The Hopf Lemma for the Schrödinger Operator
Authors: Ponce Augusto C. , Wilmet Nicolas
Published: May 2020

We prove the Hopf boundary point lemma for solutions of the Dirichlet problem involving the Schrödinger operator

-
Δ

+
V

{-\Delta+V}

with a nonnegative potential V which merely belongs to

L
loc
1

⁢

(
Ω
)

{L_{\mathrm{loc}}^{1}(\Omega)}

. More precisely, if

u
∈

W
0

1
,
2

⁢

(
Ω
)

∩

L
2

⁢

(
Ω
;

V
⁢

d
⁢
x

)

{u\in W_{0}^{1,2}(\Omega)\cap L^{2}(\Omega;V\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}{x})}

satisfies

-

Δ
⁢
u

+

V
⁢
u

=
f

{-\Delta u+Vu=f}

on Ω for some nonnegative datum

f
∈

L
∞

⁢

(
Ω
)

{f\in L^{\infty}(\Omega)}

,

f
≢
0

{f\not\equiv 0}

, then we show that at every point

a
∈

∂
⁡
Ω

{a\in\partial\Omega}

where the classical normal derivative

∂
⁡
u

⁢

(
a
)

∂
⁡
n

{\frac{\partial u(a)}{\partial n}}

exists and satisfies the Poisson representation formula, one has

∂
⁡
u

⁢

(
a
)

∂
⁡
n

>
0

{\frac{\partial u(a)}{\partial n}>0}

if and only if the boundary value problem

{

-

Δ
⁢
v

+

V
⁢
v

=
0

in 
Ω
,

v

=
ν

on 

∂
⁡
Ω

,

\begin{dcases}\begin{aligned} \displaystyle-\Delta v+Vv&\displaystyle=0&&% \displaystyle\phantom{}\text{in ${\Omega}$,}\\ \displaystyle v&\displaystyle=\nu&&\displaystyle\phantom{}\text{on ${\partial% \Omega}$,}\end{aligned}\end{dcases}

involving the Dirac measure

ν
=

δ
a

{\nu=\delta_{a}}

has a solution. More generally, we characterize the nonnegative finite Borel measures ν on

∂
⁡
Ω

{\partial\Omega}

for which the boundary value problem above has a solution in terms of the set where the Hopf lemma fails.
On Removable Singularities of Solutions of Higher-Order Differential Inequalities
Authors: Kon’kov A. A. , Shishkov A. E.
Published: May 2020

We obtain sufficient conditions for solutions of the mth-order differential inequality

∑

|
α
|

=
m

∂
α

⁡

a
α

⁢

(
x
,
u
)

≥

f
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
g
⁢

(

|
u
|

)

 

in 
⁢

B
1

∖

{
0
}

\sum_{|\alpha|=m}\partial^{\alpha}a_{\alpha}(x,u)\geq f(x)g(|u|)\quad\text{in % }B_{1}\setminus\{0\}

to have a removable singularity at zero, where

a
α

{a_{\alpha}}

, f, and g are some functions, and

B
1

=

{
x
:

|
x
|

<
1

}

{B_{1}=\{x:|x|<1\}}

is a unit ball in

ℝ
n

{{\mathbb{R}}^{n}}

. We show in some examples the sharpness of these conditions.
Native oxide layer effect on polarization cancellation for mirrors over the visible to near-infrared region
Authors: Banerjee Suchandra , Chipman Russell , Hagen Nathan , Otani Yukitoshi
Published: May 2020

The presence of native oxide layers on aluminum mirrors can be a nuisance for precision optical design. As the native oxide thickness varies from mirror to mirror, its effect cannot be completely canceled even in the conventional crossed fold mirror geometry. We show how this effect arises and how it can be mitigated, and provide an experimental demonstration in which the residual linear retardance and linear diattenuation are reduced to <0.14° and <0.001, respectively, over the visible and near-infra-red spectral range.
Choreographing linguistic landscapes in Singapore
Authors: Lee Tong King
Published: May 2020

This paper proposes the notion of choreographed multilingualism to describe the top-down dimension of Singapore's linguistic landscape. Using a range of examples of official multilingual discourse, including public signage, exhibition artefacts, and print texts, it identifies a quadrilingual constellation that reiterates across different modalities, stabilizing into a visual-spatial formula. As a semiotic feature, the quadrilingual formula is an indexical that calls up the trope of neat multilingualism, whereby the four official languages of Singapore (English, Chinese, Malay, Tamil) are construed in a relation of equilibrium and equitability, while nonofficial/nonstandard languages, language varieties, and Chinese dialects are relegated to oblivion. The trope of neat multilingualism in turn evokes a larger sociolinguistic ambiance shaped by the official language policy and the language education system in Singapore. The paper theorises this situation in respect of Michel de Certeau's spatial theory, arguing that official discourses in Singapore corroborate the multilingual “place” produced by technologies of choreography.
Auf der Suche nach einer »Religiosität ohne zu frömmeln«
Authors: Jungheim Elias S.
Published: May 2020

The following paper considers Rabbi Dr. Ludwig Philippson’s contributions to the many-faceted Jewish-theological discourses of the 19th century, with special focus on his IsraelitischeReligionslehre: comprising three volumes and published between the late 1850s and early 1860s, this work can be regarded as a result of his rabbinic teachings. We will therefore consider the importance of an emerging religious theory as well as the ambivalence in locating Philippson’s religious affiliations: even though Philippson favoured an increasingly theoretical approach to religion, his Religionslehre nevertheless betrays conspicuous moments of orthodoxy. It will be the purpose of this paper to examine the contradictions in Philippson’s argumentation.
On Emotional Grounds: Private Communication of Muslims in Late Imperial Russia
Authors: Bustanov Alfrid
Published: May 2020

This article explores the practices of private communication of Muslims at the eclipse of the Russian empire. The correspondence of a young Kazan mullah with his family and friends lays the ground for an analysis of subjectivity at the intersection of literary models and personal experience. In personal writings, individuals selected from a repertoire of available tools for self-fashioning, be that the usage of notebooks, the Russian or Muslim calendar, or peculiarities of situational language use. Letters carried the emotions of their writers as well as evoking emotions in their readers. While still having access to the Persianate models of the self, practiced by previous generations of Tatar students in Bukhara, the new generation prioritized another type of scholarly persona, based on the mastery of Arabic, the study of the Qur’an and the hadith, as well as social activism.
Data selection for system identification (DS4SID) from logged process records of continuously operated plants
Authors: Arengas David , Kroll Andreas
Published: May 2020

Use of historical logged data can be considered for system identification if performing dedicated experiments is not possible. Continuously operated plants are examples of processes where experiments for system identification are typically restricted due to a possibly negative impact on production. However, process variables are logged for long periods of time which results in large databases that are a valuable source of information for model estimation. Automatic selection of informative data intervals can support system identification when use of logged process data is addressed. A new method is presented that differs in several aspects from current approaches. Firstly, interval bounding is performed using the gradient of a norm associated to the resulting information matrix which decreases interval misdetection. Secondly, process data do not need to be normalized for change detection. Thirdly, an instrumental variables identification method is used which offers robustness to autocorrelated noise. Lastly, the proposed selection technique can be applied to multivariate processes. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated in a case study implemented in a lab-scale chemical plant.
Near infrared hyperspectral imaging-based approach for end-of-life flat monitors recycling
Authors: Bonifazi Giuseppe , Gasbarrone Riccardo , Palmieri Roberta , Serranti Silvia
Published: May 2020

The technological innovation and the relentless marketing of new electronic products with improved performance generate increasing quantities of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). In this scenario, End-Of-Life (EOL) flat monitors and screens represent a category generating, as a consequence of the rapid change in technology, an important amount of waste. Considering future estimations, the implementation of an adequate recycling infrastructure is necessary. An efficient, reliable and low-cost analytical tool is thus needed to perform detection/control actions in order to assess: i) waste composition and ii) physical-chemical attributes of the resulting materials. The knowledge of these information is a requirement to set-up and to implement correct recycling actions.

In this study, a cascade identification approach, based on Near InfraRed (NIR) – HyperSpectral Imaging (HSI), was carried out. More in detail, a four-steps classification was designed, implemented and set-up in order to recognize different materials occurring in a specific WEEE stream: EOL milled monitors and flat screens. Adopting the proposed approach, different material categories are correctly recognized and classified. Obtained results can be useful not only to set-up a quality control system, but also to improve sorting actions in this specific recycling sector.
Automatisierte Generierung von Sicherheitstests für variantenreiche Produktionssysteme mittels ECAD
Authors: Ziegltrum Simon , Vogel-Heuser Birgit
Published: May 2020

Die effiziente und vollständige Qualitätssicherung der Sicherheitstechnik von automatisierten Sondermaschinen stellt für deren Hersteller eine große Herausforderung dar. Die Erstellung konsistenter Testprozeduren erfolgt manuell oder erfordert hohen Modellierungsaufwand. Folglich untersucht dieser Beitrag ein Konzept, um notwendige Tests vollautomatisch aus ECAD-Dokumenten abzuleiten. Hierzu werden basierend auf industriellen Checklisten Testmodelle abgeleitet sowie ein ECAD-Modell eingeführt. Anhand eines industriellen Anwendungsfalls wird die Funktionsfähigkeit des Ansatzes demonstriert sowie das Potential einer solchen Methode diskutiert.
Die Landesstelle Bestandserhaltung in Rheinland-Pfalz: koordinierte Bestandserhaltung mit Nachhaltigkeitseffekt
Authors: Kaulbach Friederike , Kost-Mahle Arlett
Published: May 2020

In rheinland-pfälzischen Archiven, Bibliotheken und Museen ist die Lage des schriftlichen Kulturguts nicht einfach. Gründe hierfür sind mangelnde finanzielle und personelle Kapazitäten sowie fehlende fachliche Kenntnisse. Um die Situation in den Einrichtungen, die schriftliches Kulturgut bewahren, zu verbessern, gibt es in Rheinland-Pfalz seit einigen Jahren zentral organisierte Bestandserhaltungsbestrebungen. Die Koordination der bestandserhaltenden Maßnahmen sowie die fachliche Beratung und Qualifizierung ist Aufgabe der „Landesstelle Bestandserhaltung in Rheinland-Pfalz“, die Ende 2018 gegründet wurde.
Microfinance and Moneylenders: Long-run Effects of MFIs on Informal Credit Market in Bangladesh
Authors: Berg Claudia , Emran Shahe , Shilpi Forhad
Published: May 2020

This paper provides evidence on the effects of microfinance competition on moneylender interest rates and households' dependence on informal credit. The views among practitioners diverge sharply: proponents claim that the MFI competition reduces both the moneylender interest rate and households' reliance on informal credit, while critics argue the opposite. Taking advantage of recent econometric approaches to address selection on unobservables without imposing standard exclusion restrictions, we find that the MFI competition does not reduce moneylender interest rates, partially repudiating the proponents. There is no perceptible effect at low levels of the MFI coverage, but when the MFI coverage is high enough, the moneylender interest rate increases significantly. In contrast, a household's dependence on informal credit goes down after becoming an MFI member, which contradicts part of the critic's argument. The evidence is consistent with models where either the MFIs or the moneylenders engage in cream skimming, and fixed costs are important in informal lending.
Microfinance and Vulnerability to Seasonal Famine in a Rural Economy: Evidence from Monga in Bangladesh
Authors: Berg Claudia , Emran M. Shahe
Published: May 2020

This paper uses a unique data set on 143,000 poor households from Northern Bangladesh to analyze the effects of microfinance membership on a household's ability to cope with seasonal famine known as Monga. We develop an identification and estimation strategy that exploits a jump and a kink at the 10 decimal land ownership-threshold driven by the Microfinance Institution (MFI) screening process to ensure repayment by excluding the ultra-poor. Evidence shows that microfinance membership improves food security during Monga, especially for the poorest households who survive at the margin of one and two meals a day. The positive effects on food security are, however, not driven by higher income, as microcredit does not improve the ability to migrate for work, nor does it reduce dependence on distress sale of labor. The evidence is consistent with consumption smoothing being the primary mechanism behind the gains in food security of MFI households during the season of starvation.
The Initial Training of Librarians and Curators in France: A National Mission
Authors: Marcerou-Ramel Nathalie
Published: May 2020

France is probably the only European country to have today a national school for training of library and information professionals: Enssib, National Library and Information Science School. An atypical situation, as some countries decided to close their schools of librarianship and entrust the training of their professionals to universities only. How does Enssib train its library executives? The article first describes the recruitment, training and exercise framework for French library and information professionals. Then it focuses on the vast renovation project that Enssib has been launching for four years in order to adapt its training processes to the needs and expectations of the professional communities.
Polymorphism of MMP1 and MMP3 promoter regions and HR-HPV infection in women from Burkina Faso and Côte d‘Ivoire
Authors: Prosper Bado , Florencia Djigma Wendkuuni , Mahoukèdè Zohoncon Théodora , Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah , Alima Traoré Esther Mah , Karim Ouattara Abdoul , Clarisse Ouedraogo Teega-Wendé , Toyin Bello Shoukrat Ohuwa , Ayaovi Setor Marius , Angèle Traore Ina Marie , Apollinaire Horo , Privat Kouakou Kouame , Théophane Yonli Albert , Charlemagne Ouedraogo , Jacques Simpore
Published: May 2020

The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the promoter region of MMP-1 (at 1607 bp) and MMP-3 (at 1171 bp) create Ets binding sites. Correlations between these SNPs and sensitivity to several biological processes such as metastasis and recurrence of cancer have been reported in several studies.

In this case-control study, we looked for these SNPs in women infected with or not with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV). The frequency, distribution and correlation of these SNPs with the presence or absence of HR-HPV infection were evaluated.

Genotypes 1G1G, 1G2G and 2G2G for MMP1 and genotypes 5A5A, 5A6A, 6A6A for MMP3 were found in our study population. In general, we noted that the 1G (40.8%) and 2G (64.8%) alleles were more frequent in non-infected women and infected women, respectively, and more specifically this difference was significant in women from Côte d‘Ivoire.

These results, although yet to be reaffirmed with assays for quantifying the mRNA of these genes, suggest that the SNP of the MMP-1 promoter could promote infection with HR-HPV.
Electrical stimulator with mechanomyography-based real-time monitoring, muscle fatigue detection, and safety shut-off: a pilot study
Authors: Naeem Jannatul , Hamzaid Nur Azah , Azman Amelia Wong , Bijak Manfred
Published: May 2020

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been used to produce force-related activities on the paralyzed muscle among spinal cord injury (SCI) individuals. Early muscle fatigue is an issue in all FES applications. If not properly monitored, overstimulation can occur, which can lead to muscle damage. A real-time mechanomyography (MMG)-based FES system was implemented on the quadriceps muscles of three individuals with SCI to generate an isometric force on both legs. Three threshold drop levels of MMG-root mean square (MMG-RMS) feature (thr50, thr60, and thr70; representing 50%, 60%, and 70% drop from initial MMG-RMS values, respectively) were used to terminate the stimulation session. The mean stimulation time increased when the MMG-RMS drop threshold increased (thr50: 22.7 s, thr60: 25.7 s, and thr70: 27.3 s), indicating longer sessions when lower performance drop was allowed. Moreover, at thr70, the torque dropped below 50% from the initial value in 14 trials, more than at thr50 and thr60. This is a clear indication of muscle fatigue detection using the MMG-RMS value. The stimulation time at thr70 was significantly longer (p = 0.013) than that at thr50. The results demonstrated that a real-time MMG-based FES monitoring system has the potential to prevent the onset of critical muscle fatigue in individuals with SCI in prolonged FES sessions.
Does preconditioning lower the rupture resistance of chorioamniotic membrane?
Authors: Dadkhah Arash , Hashemi Ata
Published: May 2020

Premature rupture of fetal membrane occurs in about 3% of all pregnancies. The physical integrity of chorioamnion (CA) membrane should be retained until delivery for a healthy pregnancy. To explore the effect of pre-conditioning and probe size on the mechanical properties of human chorioamniotic sac, the mechanical properties of 17 human chorioamniotic membranes, collected from cesarean delivery, were examined using biaxial puncture tests with and without preconditioning by different probe sizes. For preconditioned samples, the mean ± std. of ultimate rupture stress was calculated to be 1.73 ± 0.13, 1.61 ± 0.29 and 1.78 ± 0.26 MPa for the probe sizes of 3, 5 and 7 mm, respectively. For samples with no preconditioning, these values were calculated to be 2.38 ± 0.29, 2.36 ± 0.37, and 2.59 ± 0.43 MPa for the above-mentioned probe sizes. The force to probe diameter for samples with no preconditioning was in the range of 1087–1301 N/m for the three probe diameters, well in the range of 850–1580 N/m reported by previous studies. Our results show that the preconditioned samples had significantly lower ultimate puncture force and ultimate stress compared to non-preconditioned samples. In addition, a correlation between the probe size and the magnitude of puncture force was observed, while the stress values were not significantly affected by changing probe size.
A lifetime with Proclus: Psellos as reader
Authors: Lauritzen Frederick
Published: May 2020

Michael Psellos (1018-1081) read texts of the Neoplatonist Proclus (412-485) throughout his life. His interest may have started as early as 1034, but the first direct references can be dated to ca 1041 and the last occur towards the end of his life, notably the Omnifaria Doctrina. Psellos’ interest in Proclus evolved over time: 1. 1034-1043 hermeneutical problems, 2. 1043-1059 theurgy and interest in relation between body and soul, 3. 1059-1081 physiology and interest in Proclus’ philosophical principles. Psellos’ wide range of interests means that each phase represents a particular focus, but not exclusive one.
Herennius Philon’s progeny: Ps-Ammonius, Eustathius and the term συγγραφεῖς in postclassical times
Authors: Papanikolaou Dimitrios
Published: May 2020

The paper is concerned with a similar entry of the lexica of Thomas Magister and Ps-Ammonius concerning the semantic difference between συγγρα- φεῖς and ἱστορικοί. The entry is proven to be ultimately descended from the lost lexicon Περὶ τῶν διαφόρως σημαινομένων of Herennius Philon (2nd cent. AD); this lexicon in its lost unabridged form seems to have influenced the distinction συγγραφεῖς / ἱστορικοί in the preface of the historical work of Eustathius on the sack of Thessalonica by the Normans. The paper investigates the possibility of a Hellenistic grammatical substratum in Philon’s distinction; based on the evidence of literary texts and inscriptions, the paper asserts that the distinction (probably received by Philon from a Hellenistic-era grammatical source) was already vanishing in Philon’s days.
Socrates the judge: a not-so-platonizing dialogue on the deposition of patriarch Nicholas IV Mouzalon
Authors: Zharkaya Varvara , Lukhovitskiy Lev
Published: May 2020

The article brings under scrutiny an understudied dialogical account about the deposition of the patriarch of Constantinople Nicholas IV Mouzalon (1147-51). A close reading shows that this is not an official record of the proceedings but a piece of fiction that deliberately inverts the generic conventions of the two types of texts indicative of the 12th-century literary landscape, namely 1) minutes of church councils and 2) syllogistic theological dialogues. The anonymous author invites the reader to recognize the all-familiar scheme of the Socratic interrogation but eventually departs from it investing the protagonists (Manuel I Komnenos and Mouzalon) with features that distance them from their Platonic models. The text seems to be inextricably linked to Mouzalon’s canonical dilemma: can an archbishop who previously voluntarily fled from his office be appointed archbishop once again? In fact, the author’s primary concern is not the patriarch but the emperor, a judge-logician who is at one and the same time Socrates and more than Socrates, and the new language able to reflect the changing balance between the imperial and ecclesiastical powers in mid- 12th-century Byzantium.
普通话语气词功能系统新论
Authors: 珏 王
Published: May 2020

提要

本文在已有研究的基础上提出一个普通话语气词的新系统，包括两大部分。第一部分，首先，依据附着对象、迭用顺序、有无、异同和多寡是否影响句子的合语法性和命题这 3 个标准，将语气词聚合系统暂定为 29 个成员。而后，依据附着对象、强制性共现成分、迭用自由度、功能和语法化来源等，将语气词划分为两类 3 个功能子系统。其中述题语气词 26 个，话题语气词 9 个，准话语语气词 6 个。第二部分，分别讨论两类 3 个语气词功能子系统。（一）述题语气词能 2/3 个右向迭用并构成 116 个迭用式，能和句调或疑问标记以不同频次同层或跨层共现关系而构成述题的语气结构——句调/疑问标记语气 (mood)n=1+语气词口气 (tone)n=0≥3，其中句调（或疑问标记）表示语气，述题语气词分别以 4 种基本语气为上位范畴并表示其下位口气，共构成 75 式语气结构，表示 75 种 “语气+口气” 综合值。在这 75 式语气结构里，述题语气词和上位语气之间功能绝对一致的原型语气结构、基本一致的准原型语气结构和不一致的边缘语气结构。据此推论出，不定语气以是非问为上位范畴，建议语气词以祈使为上位范畴，肯定语气词以陈述为上位范畴，惊讶语气词以感叹为上位范畴。进而据此将语气词的功能模式假设为 “±肯定/惊讶及其程度±风格/确信/态度” 。其中，肯定语气词表肯定而有程度、风格差异，惊讶语气词表惊讶而有程度、风格不同，不定语气词表确信而程度、态度有别，建议语气词表态度而有直接、委婉之分。而且，在原型语气结构里，述题语气词分别表示各自的典型口气；在边缘语气结构里，肯定、惊讶语气词有时与非陈述或非感叹语气一起浮现出特定语用效应。（二）话题语气词的功能模式为 “标记/强化话题+标记话题信息类型+交互主观性” 。前者是无标记功能，后两者是有标记功能，从而造成了话题语气词的使用倾向性，有的主要附着现实话题，有的只附着非现实话题。（三）准话语语气词，在句法上附着话题或述题里的列举成分、反复成分，将它们重组为例举语块、描摹语块和呼语语块，然后单独或与话题前标、列举助词一起作话题、述题或其中的句法成分及其成分；语义上，例举语块转指同类所有成员，描摹短语表示长时反复，呼语语块带有情感色彩；韵律上，将松散无序、长短不一、类型各异、多寡不等的成分临时整合为更大语块，以控制在线句子的模块数量。此外， “啊” 还能明示逻辑背景或焦点并具有衬音作用， “来” 能衔接音节组。据此，它们的功能模式可简示为 “句法功能+语义功能+韵律功能±逻辑功能±音乐功能” 。总之，在语气词的新功能系统中，每个语气词都各居其位，各司其职，井然有序。
Overweight-obesity is associated with decreased vitamin K2 levels in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Ravera Maura , Nickolas Thomas , Plebani Mario , Iervasi Giorgio , Aghi Andrea , Khairallah Pascale , Gallieni Maurizio , Mereu Maria Cristina , Giannini Sandro , Sella Stefania , Zaninotto Martina , Paoletti Ernesto , Bussalino Elisabetta , Di Lullo Luca , Bellasi Antonio , Cosmai Laura , Foramitti Marina , Malberti Fabio , Brandi Maria Luisa , Ferrari Serge , Tripepi Giovanni , Fusaro Maria
Published: May 2020

Objectives

Obesity is an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Vitamin K2 is involved in the production of bone and matrix amino acid g-carboxy-glutamic acid (Gla) proteins (vitamin K-dependent proteins [VKDPs]), regulating bone and vascular calcification (VC). Bone Gla protein (BGP) is involved both in bone mineralization and VCs. We assessed the relationships between vitamin K levels and body mass index (BMI) according to the hypothesis that the impact of BMI on mortality is partly driven by low vitamin K levels.

Methods

The Vitamin K Italian (VIKI) study included 387 hemodialysis patients from 18 dialysis centers in Italy. We determined plasma levels of bone markers: vitamin K levels, VKDPs, vitamin 25(OH)D, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and routine biochemistry. BMI was classified into the following categories: underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2).

Results

45.2% of patients were overweight or obese. Stratification by BMI demonstrated lower median menaquinone-7 (MK7)/triglycerides levels in obese patients (0.42 ng/mg [0.19, 0.87], p = 0.005). BGP levels were lower in overweight and obese patients (152 mcg/L [83.2, 251] and 104 mcg/L [62.7, 230], p = <0.001). Furthermore, there was an inverse correlation between MK7/triglycerides levels and BMI (regression coefficient β = −0.159; p = 0.003). In multiple linear regression, there was an inverse relationship between BGP levels and BMI (β = − 0.119; p = 0.012).

Conclusions

These data are the first to report an inverse relationship between Vitamin K2 levels and BMI in hemodialysis patients. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to determine if lower levels of Vitamin K are related to greater morbidity and mortality in this at-risk population.
On diagnostic tests of contact break for contact circuits
Authors: Popkov Kirill A.
Published: May 2020

We prove that, forn⩾ 2, anyn-place Boolean function may be implemented by a two-pole contact circuit which is irredundant and allows a diagnostic test with length not exceedingn+k(n− 2) under at mostkcontact breaks. It is shown that withk=k(n) ⩽ 2n−4, for almost alln-place Boolean functions, the least possible length of such a test is at most 2k+ 2.
Reported speech in Kakabe: Loose syntax with flexible indexicality
Authors: Nikitina Tatiana , Vydrina Alexandra
Published: May 2020

Mainstream approaches to the typology of reported discourse have been based on the notion of a direct-indirect continuum: reported speech constructions are traditionally analyzed as conforming to or deviating from the “ideals” of European direct and indirect speech. This study argues that continuum-based approaches fail to distinguish between two dimensions of variation that are systematically discriminated in a number of African languages and should therefore be treated separately. First, different constructions can be recruited for speech reporting, ranging from paratactic to subordinate structures. Second, languages differ in the way pronouns in speech reports are interpreted. In European languages two different deictic strategies are associated with different syntactic types of speech report (‘indirect’ and ‘direct’ deixis is correlated with subordination and parataxis, respectively). In Kakabe, we argue, the choice of pronominal values is independent of the construction’s syntax. Dissociating the construction’s structural properties from the behavior of indexicals allows us to describe the Kakabe strategies of speech reporting as well as account for the seemingly puzzling behavior of reported commands. Our data shows that speech reporting strategies of Kakabe should be treated as a type in its own right: a type characterized by loose syntax and flexible pronominal indexicality.
Weyl and Zariski chambers on projective surfaces
Authors: Hanumanthu Krishna , Ray Nabanita
Published: May 2020

Let X be a nonsingular complex projective surface. The Weyl and Zariski
chambers give two interesting decompositions of the big cone of X.
Following the ideas of [T. Bauer and M. Funke,
Weyl and Zariski chambers on K3 surfaces,
Forum Math. 24 2012, 3, 609–625] and [S. A. Rams and T. Szemberg,
When are Zariski chambers numerically determined?,
Forum Math. 28 2016, 6, 1159–1166],
we study these two decompositions and determine when a Weyl chamber is
contained in the interior of a Zariski chamber and vice versa. We also
determine when
a Weyl chamber can intersect non-trivially with a Zariski chamber.
Design and development of cross dipole antenna for satellite applications
Authors: K Malaisamy , M Santhi , S Robinson , Wasim Mohd , P Murugapandiyan
Published: May 2020

In this paper, a cross dipole antenna is proposed, designed, and developed for satellite communication applications. The design incorporates an alternative feeding mechanism of the coaxial/probe feeding technique with balun. The primary objective of this paper is to develop the high gain antenna with an array configuration for satellite communication. The performance parameters of an antenna such as return loss, radiation pattern, gain and directivity are investigated for cross dipole antenna and 1 × 2, 1 × 4 array configurations. It operates for Ku band (12–18 GHz) and produces a high gain with low return loss. The proposed antenna has five useful bands and exhibits a peak directive gain of 13.21 dBi at 12.4 GHz with a bandwidth of 0.89 GHz. Additional bands are also offering a gain of 11.23 dBi with a bandwidth of 0.849 GHz at 10.6 GHz, 6.59 dBi with a bandwidth of 0.6 GHz at 11.5 GHz, 12.13 dBi with a bandwidth of 1.37 GHz at 14.2 GHz and 10.47 dBi with a bandwidth of 1.3 GHz at 15.8 GHz. The cross dipole antenna is analyzed for 1 × 2, 1 × 4 array configuration in order to improve the overall gain. The proposed antenna is fabricated on FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.007 with the thickness of 1.6 mm. The size of the proposed antenna is 72 × 84 mm. The proposed antenna meets the requirements of an antenna which is operating at Ku band; hence, it is found to be suitable for real time applications.
Analyzing Statistical Age Models to Determine the Equivalent Dose and Burial Age Using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Peng Jun
Published: May 2020

In optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, statistical age models for equivalent dose (De) distributions are routinely estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method. In this study, a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method was used to analyze statistical age models, including the central age model (CAM), the minimum age model (MAM), the maximum age model (MXAM), etc. This method was first used to obtain sampling distributions on parameters of interest in an age model using De distributions from individual sedimentary samples and subsequently extended to simultaneously extract age estimates from multiple samples with stratigraphic constraints. The MCMC method allows for the use of Bayesian inference to refine chronological sequences from multiple samples, including both fully and partially bleached OSL dates. This study designed easily implemented open-source numeric programs to perform MCMC sampling. Measured and simulated De distributions are used to validate the reliability of dose (age) estimates obtained by this method. Findings from this study demonstrate that estimates obtained by the MCMC method can be used to informatively compare results obtained by the MLE method. The application of statistical age models to multiple OSL dates with stratigraphic orders using the MCMC method may significantly improve both the precision and accuracy of burial ages.
Variations of Thermally and Optically Stimulated Luminescence Sensitivity of Loess and Pedocomplex Samples from Southern Tajikistan, Central Asia
Authors: Li Yuetian , Zhou Liping
Published: May 2020

To better understand the factors controlling the quartz luminescence sensitivity in loess deposits, samples from two loess sections in southern Tajikistan are investigated. Both pattern and amplitude in the variations of quartz luminescence sensitivity of these two sections are similar, showing higher values in pedocomplex units and lower values in the loess units. Similar trends of variation are found between the quartz luminescence sensitivity and climate proxies, including frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility, median grain size and IRSL/[post-IR] OSL ratio. Laboratory experiments involving thermal activation and repeated bleaching/irradiation cycles reveal much larger sensitivity enhancement for samples with initial lower sensitivity from loess units than those from pedocomplex units with higher sensitivity. The observed systematic contrast in quartz luminescence sensitivity between the loess and pedocomplex units are interpreted as resulting from the differentiation of the weathering products from the source area and subsequent sensitization during the sedimentary transfer prior to deposition.
German labour market data – Data provision and access for the international scientific community
Authors: Müller Dana , Wolter Stefanie
Published: May 2020

The Research Data Centre at the Institute for Employment Research (RDC-IAB) has been offering high-quality administrative and survey data on the German labour market for 15 years and has become one of the most important locations worldwide for researchers interested in data for labour market research. This article provides an overview of the RDC-IAB, including its data and access modes. The article presents two datasets in more detail: the Sample of Integrated Employment Biographies, a classic dataset, and the Linked Personnel Panel, a new dataset. Finally, this article provides insights into future infrastructure and data developments.
Weighted higher order exponential type inequalities in metric spaces and applications
Authors: Wang Huiju , Niu Pengcheng
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we establish weighted higher order exponential type inequalities in the geodesic space

(
X
,
d
,
μ
)

{({X,d,\mu})}

by proposing an abstract higher order Poincaré inequality. These are also new in the non-weighted case. As applications, we obtain a weighted Trudinger’s theorem in the geodesic setting and weighted higher order exponential type estimates for functions in Folland–Stein type Sobolev spaces defined on stratified Lie groups. A higher order exponential type inequality in a connected homogeneous space is also given.
Bactericidal and cytotoxic properties of green synthesized nanosilver using Rosmarinus officinalis leaves
Authors: Daghestani Maha , Al Rashed Sarah A. , Bukhari Wadha , Al-Ojayan Badryah , Ibrahim Eiman M. , Al-Qahtani Asma M. , Merghani Nada M. , Ramadan Rasha , Bhat Ramesa Shafi
Published: May 2020

Green synthesized nanoparticles from plant extracts are being used in various
biomedical applications, particularly because of their bactericidal and cytotoxic
activities. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized
from the Rosmarinus officinalis aqueous leaf extract. Different
spectroscopic and microscopic analyses such as ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis)
spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron
microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were performed to verify the
biosynthesized AgNPs in our sample. The formation of nanosilver particles was
preliminarily confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy at 400 nm. The presence of
carboxylic or amide groups was confirmed by FTIR, for the reduction of the silver
ion. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed a particle size of
12–22 nm. The prepared AgNPs showed good antibacterial activity against
human pathogens and good cytotoxic activity against the human breast cancer cell line
(MDA MB 231). The nanoparticles prepared from R. officinalis can be
used for various biomedical applications.
China’s interests in Central Asian economies
Authors: Melnikovová Lea
Published: May 2020

In Post-Soviet Central Asia, China is emerging as one of the most influential players as a result of an overall increase in its global role. The Central Asian region forms a crucial part of the Belt and Road Initiative thanks to its strategic location and natural wealth. Relations between China and Central Asian countries have been developing very dynamically over the past two decades and China has had a substantial impact on the five economies. Although the Chinese approach is quite cautious regarding politics and security, there is much greater interest in the economic side, most significantly in energy and infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to explore the key issues behind China’s economic presence in the region and to determine subsequent challenges for Central Asian countries. The methodology consists of an analysis of Chinese investment characteristics in order to understand the economic consequences of the superpower’s involvement in Central Asia.
Direct effect and indirect effect on an outcome under nonlinear modeling
Authors: Wang Kai
Published: May 2020

Exact formulae relating parameters in conditional and reduced generalized linear models are introduced where the reduced model omits a continuous mediator from the conditional model. For certain link functions including logit, the natural direct effect and the natural indirect effect of the counterfactual method are smaller in magnitude than, respectively, the direct effect used by the difference method and the indirect effect by the product method. Contrary to what is implicitly assumed in Jiang and VanderWeele [11] for logit link, the total effect of the counterfactual method and the total effect used for the difference method are generally not the same. They are equal to each other only under special situations. For accelerated failure time models the difference method and the product method are equivalent regardless of censoring or not, a result stated in VanderWeele [6] in the absence of censorship but proved in a misleading manner. For proportional hazards models, maximum likelihood analysis indicates that these two methods can be equivalent in the absence of censorship. In the case of logit link, one can focus on the treatment effect on the marginalized odds instead of the odds of the marginalized event so that the product method would be equivalent to the difference method. Similarly, for the proportional hazards model, one can focus on the treatment effect on the marginalized hazards instead of the hazards for the reduced model.
Sprachliche Integration neu zugewanderter Schüler/innen in den Regelunterricht der Sekundarstufe I am Beispiel eines Curriculumsentwurfs für Vorkurse
Authors: Marx Nicole , Reichert Marie-Christin , Rick Bettina , Gill Christian
Published: May 2020

In vielen Bundesländern besuchen neu zugewanderte Schüler/innen einen einjährigen Vorkurs und werden sukzessive in den Regelunterricht integriert. Der im Folgenden vorgestellte Curriculumsentwurf zeigt, wie dies bei einer Schülerklientel mit sehr heterogenen Voraussetzungen und starker Fluktuation sprachlich und inhaltlich ausdifferenziert geschehen kann. Am Beispiel einer konkreten Unterrichtsreihe wird die Vorbereitung auf den Fachunterricht verdeutlicht.
Effects of honey supplementation on renal dysfunction and metabolic acidosis in rats with high-fat diet-induced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Erejuwa Omotayo O. , Aja Daniel Ogbonna John , Uwaezuoke Nkemjika I. , Nwadike Kenneth I. , Ezeokpo Basil Chukwuma , Akpan Joseph Linus , Nwobodo Nwobodo Ndubuisi , Araromi Ebisola , Asika Ebere
Published: May 2020

Background

Metabolic diseases are associated with impaired renal function which accelerates chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 16-week honey supplementation on renal function, metabolic acidosis and renal abnormalities in Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD).

Methods

Wistar rats were fed a HFD and sucrose (30%) solution and randomly grouped and treated. Group 1 was fed rat chow and treated with drinking water while groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were fed a HFD and treated with drinking water, 1, 2 and 3 g/kg body weight (BW) of honey, respectively, once daily for 16 weeks. After the rats were sacrificed, the serum samples were obtained and used for the analysis of total cholesterol, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, calcium, bicarbonates and chloride ions. Histopathological examinations of the kidneys were performed.

Results

The serum creatinine and anion gap levels were significantly (p < 0.01) higher while the levels of serum total calcium and ionized fraction were significantly (p < 0.01) lower in HFD-fed control rats than in chow-fed rats. The kidney of HFD-fed control rats was characterized by tubular necrosis, glomerular atrophy, hemorrhage and severe focal aggregate inflammatory (FAIC) cells. Honey treatment (1, 2 or 3 g/kg BW) prevented elevations in serum creatinine while it restored serum levels of total calcium and ionized calcium towards those in rats fed chow only. All the three doses of honey also significantly (p < 0.01) reduced anion gap and ameliorated renal lesions. Honey treatment (2 g/kg BW) significantly (p < 0.05) increased bicarbonate and chloride ion in HFD-fed rats compared with HFD-fed control rats.

Conclusions

Sixteen-week honey supplementation ameliorates renal dysfunction, metabolic acidosis and renal morphological abnormalities in HFD-fed Wistar rats.
Saccharum officinarum juice alters reproductive functions in male Wistar rats
Authors: Ogunwole Eunice , Kunle-Alabi Olufadekemi T. , Akindele Opeyemi O. , Raji Yinusa
Published: May 2020

Infertility is a problem across almost all cultures and societies. Problems in the male partner, especially as a result of unhealthy dietary habits, are the commonest single group of course. Many populations, therefore, tend more toward the use of natural dietary substitutes opined to proffer less risk to reproductive functions and more health benefits. Saccharum officinarum juice (SOJ) is a widely consumed, energy-rich, nutritious substance that has many minerals and enzymes. Saccharum officinarum plant was reported to have anti-thrombosis, anti-inflammatory and immune-stimulatory activities. This study evaluated the reproductive effects of S. officinarum juice in male Wistar rats. A sugarcane press juicer was used to extract S. officinarum juice. Twenty male Wistar rats (100–120 g) grouped into four (n = 5) received 1.0 mL/kg/day distilled water (control), and 1.0, 3.2 and 10.0 mL/kg/day of fresh S. officinarum juice once daily for 8 weeks via gavage. Sperm analysis, histology of testes and epididymides were evaluated by microscopy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used in assessing the serum levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone. Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance at a significance of p < 0.05. SOJ increased fasting blood glucose levels in 3.2 and 10.0 mL/kg groups. The 10.0 mL/kg juice caused a significant increase in testosterone level and sperm count, and it also increased the percentage of aberrant sperm and decreased sperm viability. Saccharum officinarum juice impaired the histological integrity of the testes and epididymides. Thus, S. officinarum juice adversely altered the reproductive functions of male Wistar rats by reducing sperm quality and disrupting testicular architecture.
Uneasy Agents of Tridentine Reforms: Catholic Missionaries in Southern Ottoman Hungary and Their Local Competitors in the Early Seventeenth Century
Authors: Muntán Emese
Published: May 2020

From the 1570s onwards, the territories of southern Ottoman Hungary with their amalgam of Orthodox, Catholics, Reformed, Antitrinitarians, and Muslims of various ethnic and linguistic backgrounds, were the focus of Rome–directed Catholic missionary and pastoral endeavors. Prior to the establishment of the Sacred Congregation de Propaganda Fide in 1622, several Jesuits had already been active in the region and sought to implement Tridentine reforms in this religiously, linguistically, and legally-diverse setting. The activity of the Jesuits, however, was complicated by the presence of the Bosnian Franciscans, who were legally Ottoman subjects, and with whom the Jesuits were in a permanent competition over the jurisdiction of certain missionary territories. Furthermore, the Jesuits also had to contend with the local authority and influence of Orthodox priests and Ottoman judges (kadis), who, in several instances, proved to be more attractive “alternatives” to many Catholics than the Catholic authorities themselves. Drawing primarily on Jesuit and Franciscan missionary reports, this article examines how this peculiar constellation of local power relations, and the ensuing conflicts among missionaries, Orthodox clergymen, and Ottoman judges, influenced the way(s) in which Tridentine reforms were implemented in the area. In particular, this study addresses those cases where various jurisdictional disputes between Jesuits and Bosnian Franciscans on the one hand, and Jesuits and Orthodox priests on the other, resulted in contestations about the administration and validity of the sacraments and certain rituals, and led Jesuits, Franciscans, and even Roman authorities to “deviate” from the Tridentine norm.
Partial inverse problems for quadratic differential pencils on a graph with a loop
Authors: Bondarenko Natalia P. , Shieh Chung-Tsun
Published: May 2020

In this paper, partial inverse problems for the quadratic pencil of Sturm–Liouville operators on a graph with a loop are studied.
These problems consist in recovering the pencil coefficients on one edge of the graph
(a boundary edge or the loop) from spectral characteristics, while the coefficients on the other edges are known a priori.
We obtain uniqueness theorems and constructive solutions for partial inverse problems.