bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Silage of a Fodder Mixture with the Addition of Whey, Molasses, and Bentonite and Its Effect on the Feeding of Guinea Pigs in the Growth-Fattening Stage
Authors: Arellano Yasaca Jorge , Usca Méndez Julio , Salgado Tello Iván , Díaz Berrones Hermegildo
Published: June 2022

This study evaluated the use of silage of a fodder mixture with the addition of whey, molasses, and bentonite and its effect on the feeding of guinea pigs in the growth-fattening stage. A completely random design was employed in a two-factor combinatorial arrangement. The best final weight, the best weight gain, the best feed conversion, carcass weight, and carcass yield with 1.12 kg, 0.76 kg, 5.26, 0.67 kg, and 66.50%, respectively, corresponded to T1: Baccharis latifolia (chilca) + Cortaderia selloana (sig sig) with whey additive. For the productive parameters, a predominance of male over female guinea pigs was noted. In addition, the T1 treatment obtained a cost-benefit of $1.26, that is, a gain of 26 cents for each dollar invested, being economically the best treatment. The use of the silage of chilca + sig sig + the different additives do not affect the biological behavior of the animals; therefore, it is recommended to use whey as an additive in the silage (chilca + sig sig sig) for feeding guinea pigs during the growth-fattening stage.
Keywords: guinea pigs, silage, fodder mixture, growth.
RESUMEN
Se evaluó la utilización del ensilaje de una mezcla forrajera con adición de suero de leche, melaza y bentonita, y su efecto en la alimentación de cuyes en la etapa de crecimiento - engorde. Se aplicó un diseño completamente al azar en arreglo combinatorio de dos factores. Se observó que el mejor peso final, la mejor ganancia de peso, la mejor conversión alimenticia, peso a la canal y rendimiento a la canal con 1,12 kg; 0,76 kg; 5,26; 0,67 kg y 66,50% respectivamente le correspondió al T1: ensilaje de Baccharis latifolia (chilca) + Cortaderia selloana (sig sig) con aditivo de suero de leche). En la totalidad de los parámetros productivos existe una supremacía de los cuyes machos con relación a las hembras. Además, el tratamiento T1 obtuvo un indicador de costo befenificio de $ 1,26; es decir, una ganancia de 26 centavos por cada dólar invertido, siendo económicamente, el mejor tratamiento. La utilización del ensilaje de chilca + sig sig + los diferentes aditivos, no afectan el comportamiento biológico de los semovientes, por lo tanto, se recomienda utilizar el suero de leche como aditivo en el ensilaje (chilca + sig sig) para la alimentación de cuyes durante la etapa de crecimiento- engorde.
Palabras Clave: cuyes, ensilaje, mezcla forrajera, crecimiento.
Bovine in vitro Embryo Production: State of the Art
Authors: Gallego F. , Mancheno A. , Mena L. , Murillo A.
Published: June 2022

In the last 10 years, bovine in vitro embryo production has shown significant progress on a global level, partly driven by a better understanding of technology potential in the livestock sector. Importantly, in 2016, the number of viable bovine embryos produced in vitro exceeded the number of transferable embryos derived in vivo (multiple ovulation embryo transfer, MOET). In vitro embryo production (PIVE) requires the correct formulation of culture media to allow the development of oocytes and embryos. In cattle, the PIVE process includes three sequential processes in vitro: maturation of oocytes, fertilization of matured oocytes, and culture of fertilized oocytes to obtain embryo development of blastocyst. In vitro-produced blastocysts can be transferred fresh to synchronized recipients or be cryopreserved (vitrified or frozen) for later transfer or commercialization. These assisted reproduction techniques have demonstrated acceptable outcomes in livestock, helping technicians and farmers to improve reproductive performance, production efficiency, and genetic progress.
Keywords: bovine, in vitro, embryo, reproduction, technology.
RESUMEN
En los últimos 10 años, la producción de embriones bovinos in vitro ha mostrado un progreso significativo a escala mundial, en parte impulsado por una mejor comprensión del potencial de esta tecnología en el sector ganadero. Es importante destacar que en 2016, el número de embriones bovinos viables producidos in vitro superó al número de embriones transferibles producidos in vivo (transferencia de embriones de ovulación múltiple, MOET). La producción in vitro de embriones (PIVE) requiere la formulación correcta de medios de cultivo que permitan el desarrollo de ovocitos y embriones. En bovinos, el proceso de PIVE incluye tres procesos secuenciales in vitro: la maduración de ovocitos, la fecundación de los ovocitos madurados y el cultivo de cigotos hasta alcanzar el desarrollo embrionario de blastocisto. Los blastocistos producidos in vitro pueden ser transferidos en fresco a receptoras sincronizadas o pueden ser criopreservados (vitrificados o congelados) para su posterior transferencia o comercialización. Estas técnicas de reproducción asistida han sido probadas con éxito en el campo comercial, ayudando a técnicos y productores de ganado bovino a mejorar el desempeño reproductivo, la eficiencia productiva y la mejora genética.
Palabras Clave: bovino, in vitro, embrión, reproducción, tecnología.
Participación ciudadana en la gestión municipal de Amecameca, México
Authors: Sánchez-Ramos Miguel Ángel de Guadalupe , Córdova Constantino Teresa
Published: June 2022

La participación ciudadana involucra a los individuos en el espacio público e incide en la toma de decisiones gubernamentales para la mejoría de la calidad y condiciones de vida de la comunidad. Mejora la gestión gubernamental cuando su tipología es institucional y espontánea, velando por mejores niveles de desempeño y de vida. La pregunta clave consiste en ¿cuál es el tipo de participación ciudadana que se registra en la gestión municipal de Amecameca, México, en los periodos 2016-2019 y 2019-2021? La hipótesis que se plantea estriba en que el tipo de participación ciudadana en la gestión gubernamental en Amecameca durante los trienios 2016-2019 y 2019-2021, se reduce a la institucional estipulada en la ley, mientras que la espontánea es nula. Los principales resultados, provenientes de un procedimiento de revisión documental y observación directa, ubican una participación institucional y clientelar que limita el involucramiento de los ciudadanos en el ámbito público y de gestión gubernamental.
Tarım Sigortaları Havuz Eksperlerinin Profillerinin Belirlenmesi ve Sisteme Yönelik Değerlendirmeleri: Manisa Bölgesi Örneği
Authors: DOĞAN ÖZ Belma , SANER Gamze
Published: June 2022

Bu araştırmada bitkisel ürün sigortaları eksperlerinin profillerinin belirlenmesi ve tarım sigortaları sistemi konusunda görüş ve önerilerine yer verilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri Tarım Sigortaları Havuzu Manisa Bölge Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı 62 bitkisel ürün sigortaları eksperi ile online anket yolu ile elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veri seti ile frekans, yüzde ve ortalama gibi temel tanımlayıcı istatistiklerden yararlanılarak ve logit analizi kullanılarak, bulunan sonuçlar çizelgelerde sunulmuş ve yorumlanmıştır. Ankete katılan eksperlerin yılda ortalama 81,94 gün eksperlik yaptığı ve %46,77’sinin eksperlik yaparak elde ettiği gelirden memnun oldukları belirlenmiştir. Eksperlerin, eksperliği bırakıp farklı bir işte çalışmayı düşünme durumlarına etki eden faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilen logit analizi sonuçlarına göre; eksperlerin yaşı, gelir durumu, eksperlikten elde edilen gelirden memnuniyet durumu ve ‘Eksperlik tek başına yapılabilecek bir iştir’ ifadesine katılma durumunun negatif etkisinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Endemik Mor Mercan (Origanum sipyleum L.) Bitkisinin In Vitro Çoğaltımı
Authors: DOĞAN Selay , ADANACIOĞLU Neşe , OĞUR Erdinç
Published: June 2022

Türkiye'nin endemik bitki türlerinden biri olan “Mor Mercan” adıyla bilinen Origanum sipyleum L., Lamiaceae familyasından olup yüksek tıbbi ve aromatik değere sahiptir. Origanum türlerinin antikanserojenik, sitotoksik, antibakteriyel, antidiyabetik, antifungal, antiviral, insektisidal etkilerinin olduğunu çeşitli bilimsel çalışmalar gösterilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, genetik kaynakların korunmasında değerli ve tehlike altındaki tıbbi bitkilerin hızlı bir şekilde çoğaltımı konusunda yeni araçlar sağlayan ileri biyoteknolojik yöntemler ile Origanum sipyleum L.'nin çoğaltımı hakkında çok az bilimsel çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışma, İzmir/Bozdağ'dan toplanan Origanum sipyleum L. genetik kaynak materyalinin biyoteknolojik yöntemlerden biri olan in vitro teknikler kullanılarak çoğaltılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. İki eksplant (nodal segment ve sürgün ucu) tipi ve dört farklı ortamın;(MS+0,5 mg L-1 BAP + 0,1 mg L-1 IAA; MS+1,0 mg L-1 BAP+0,1 mg L-1 IAA; ½MS+ 0,5 mg L-1 BAP + 0,1 mg L-1 IAA; ½MS+ 1,0 mg L-1 BAP + 0,1 mg L-1 IAA) Origanum sipyleum L’un sürgün sayısı ve sürgün uzunluğuna etkileri araştırılmıştır. Eksplant başına en yüksek sürgün sayısı (5,56 adet/eksplant) 1,0 mg L-1 BAP+ 0,1 mg L-1 IAA içeren MS ortamında büyüyen nodal eksplantlardan elde edilmiştir. Geliştirilen bitkicikler, toprak-perlit (2:1) karışımından oluşan saksı karışımına başarıyla nakledilmiştir.
The Number of Groups in an Aggregated Approach in Taxonomy with the Use of Stability Measures and Classical Indices – A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Rozmus Dorota
Published: June 2022

Recently, the two concepts that have been often discussed in the literature on taxonomy are the cluster ensemble and stability. An interesting proposal regarding the combination of these two concepts was presented by Șenbabaoğlu, Michailidis, and Li, who proposed as a measure of stability a proportion of ambiguously clustered pairs (PAC) for selecting the optimal number of groups in the cluster ensemble. This proposal appeared in the field of genetic research, but as the authors themselves write, the method can be successfully used also in other research areas. The aim of this paper is to compare the results of indicating the number of clusters (k parameter) using the aggregated approach in taxonomy and the above-mentioned measure of stability and classical indices (e.g. Caliński–Harabasz, Dunn, Davies–Bouldin).
Kwerenda historyczna do kościoła parafialnego pw. Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Marii Panny i św. Jakuba apostoła w Szadku
Authors: Szymczak Jan
Published: June 2022

Zniszczony przez Krzyżaków w 1331 r. kościół parafialny pw. Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Marii Panny i św. Jakuba Apostoła został szybko odbudowany, zapewne w wersji drewnianej. Konsekrowano go już po 4 latach w 1335 r. W nadanej mu wówczas postaci przetrwał nieco ponad 100 lat, gdyż w latach 1438–1448 nastąpiła budowa kościoła murowanego. W 1451 r. został ozdobiony malowidłami Jana z Wrocławia. W latach 1481–1487 trwały prace wokół bryły kościoła. W 1551 r. proboszcz ks. Rafał Wargawski pokrył dachem na swój koszt kościół w Szadku. Wiek XVII to czasy rządów w Szadku jako starostów rodziny Wierzbowskich herbu Jastrzębiec i traktowanie kościoła jako rodowej nekropolii rodowej. Brak remontów spowodował później wiele zniszczeń w bryle kościoła, którego stan naprawił dopiero proboszcz ks. Michał Zdzienicki w 1788 r. Rok 1802 przyniósł chyba najgorszą po 1331 r. katastrofę kościoła w Szadku. Pożar zniszczył wtedy dach i wieżę, gdyż pozostały tylko mury i sklepienie. Prowizoryczny dach gontowy nie dopuścił do całkowitego zniszczenia świątyni. Jej odbudowa nastąpiła w 1868 r., po której zmienił się zewnętrzny architektoniczny wygląd kościoła. Kolejne remonty kościoła odbyły się w latach 1923–1924 i 1969–1971, ale nie zmieniły one już jego zewnętrznego wyglądu.
Opis kościoła i probostwa w Szadku w połowie XIX w.
Authors: Szkutnik Piotr
Published: June 2022

Publikowany opis składa się z dwóch dokumentów przedstawiających stan nieruchomości, wielkość areału i dochodów probostwa w Szadku w 1858 r. Dokumenty te powstały w wyniku rozporządzenia władz państwowych Królestwa Polskiego. Pierwszy z edytowanych dokumentów opisuje kościół i budynki należące do probostwa. W 19 punktach przedstawia nieruchomości będące składnikami majątku kościelnego. Integralną częścią opisu są wymiary obiektu podawane w łokciach i stopach, jego stan, materiał, z którego został wykonany, oraz wartość jego ubezpieczenia na wypadek pożaru. Drugi dokument opisuje grunty należące do probostwa w Szadku oraz we wsi Bobownia Księża i w osadzie Ogrodzim. Opis przedstawia dane dotyczące areału posiadanych dóbr oraz ich rodzajów pod względem zagospodarowania (grunty orne, łąki, pastewniki, ogrody warzywne i owocowe, nieużytki, drogi, rowy, zarośla, zbiorniki i cieki wodne, obszary zabudowane). Osobno zostały wyliczone poszczególne działki ziemi z podaniem ich powierzchni w morgach i prętach. Prezentowane dokumenty wzbogacają zasób wiedzy nt. dziejów probostwa szadkowskiego, opisując jego stan posiadania w połowie XIX w.
Geneza i zmiany struktury społeczno-gospodarczej osadnictwa wiejskiego w dobrach królewskich na obszarze przedrozbiorowego powiatu Szadkowskiego
Authors: Figlus Tomasz
Published: June 2022

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań geograficzno-historycznych dotyczących osadnictwa wiejskiego w dobrach królewskich na obszarze powiatu szadkowskiego w okresie przedrozbiorowym. W pierwszej części dokonano ustalenia metryki historycznej wsi, głównie na podstawie źródeł dokumentowych, z uwzględnieniem ich lokalizacji i przynależności własnościowo-administracyjnej. Wchodziły one w skład odrębnej tenuty szadkowskiej, stanowiły część klucza majątkowego starostwa sieradzkiego bądź tworzyły pojedyncze, drobne dzierżawy dóbr monarszych. W dalszej kolejności przeprowadzono analizę zmian społeczno-gospodarczych poszczególnych wsi, wykorzystując rejestry podatkowe z 1511 i 1518 r. i lat 1552–1553, lustracje i inwentarze dóbr królewskich z lat 1564, 1616–1620, 1628–1632, 1659–1665 i 1789 r. oraz taryfę podymnego z 1775 r. W badaniach uwzględniono potencjał demograficzny wsi, ich strukturę społeczno-agrarną, powierzchnię gruntów, kierunki użytkowania rolniczego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem folwarków, poziom dochodowości i jego źródła oraz zakres powinności feudalnych. W wyniku badań dynamiczno-porównawczych udało się dokonać periodyzacji, wydzielając okres rozwoju ekonomicznego i wzrostu demograficznego (wiek XVI), fazę regresu i depopulacji (wiek XVII) oraz etap odbudowy i ponownej aktywizacji gospodarczej (wiek XVIII).
Katolickie Stowarzyszenie Młodzieży w Szadku w latach 1934–1939
Authors: Stefańska Dorota
Published: June 2022

Katolickie Stowarzyszenie Młodzieży w Szadku powstało w 1934 r. w wyniku reorganizacji istniejącego od 1919 r. Stowarzyszenia Młodzieży Polskiej i prowadziło aktywność religijną oraz społeczną pod kierunkiem duchowieństwa w ramach Akcji Katolickiej aż do chwili napaści na Polskę Niemiec hitlerowskich. W Szadku patronem Stowarzyszenia w latach 1934–1939 był proboszcz parafii ks. Edward Lidtke, a asystentami kościelnymi stowarzyszenia: ks. Stefan Flisiak (1934–1936), ks. Bernard Głoskowski (1936–1939). Szadkowskie oddziały młodzieży męskiej i żeńskiej wraz z oddziałami w Małyniu, Zygrach, Zadzimiu i Korczewie tworzyły podokręg szadkowski wchodzący w skład okręgu sieradzkiego, podległemu diecezjalnemu stowarzyszeniu we Włocławku kierowanemu przez ks. Stefana Pietruszkę. Celem organizacji było wychowanie młodzieży pozaszkolnej w duchu wiary katolickiej i narodowym. Służyły temu organizowane przez duchowieństwo centrali włocławskiej rekolekcje, dni społeczne, manifestacje katolickie: kongresy, zloty, igrzyska sportowe, pielgrzymki. Oddziały z Szadku uczestniczyły: w Kongresie Eucharystycznym Ziemi Sieradzkiej w Sieradzu (czerwiec 1934 r.); w okręgowych zlotach i igrzyskach sportowych w Zduńskiej Woli, Sieradzu i Złoczewie; w zlotach diecezjalnych w Charłupi Małej i we Włocławku oraz w ogólnopolskim w Częstochowie we wrześniu 1938 r. Zdobyte przez młodzież doświadczenie organizacyjne oraz poczucie godności katolickiej i narodowej zaowocowało podczas 6 lat okupacji hitlerowskiej, kiedy to młodzież zaangażowała się w tworzenie struktur organizacyjnych Polski Podziemnej, a silna wiara w Boga i rodzinę ułatwiała pokonanie trudów codziennego życia. Po 1945 r. w Szadku Katolickie Stowarzyszenie nie wznowiło działalności ze względu na restrykcyjne rozporządzenia władz komunistycznych, również po 1989 r. mimo sprzyjającej sytuacji politycznej nie odnowiono struktur.
Sezaryen Operasyonlarında Uygulanan Anestezi Tekniğinin Değerlendirilmesi: Mesai İçi Ve Dışı Saatlerin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ÖZKUMİT Özlem , BALKAYA Ayşe Neslihan , EYGİ Elif , ŞAHİN Şükran , KORFALİ Sefika Gulsen
Published: June 2022

Çalışmamızda Ocak 2012 – Aralık 2013 tarihleri arasında Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi’nde mesai saatleri içinde ve dışında alınan sezaryen olgularında sezaryen endikasyonlarını, uygulanan anestezi tekniğini ve teknik seçimini etkileyen faktörleri belirlemeyi amaçladık. Sezaryen olan 1025 olgunun ve doğan bebeklerinin verileri retrospektif olarak kaydedildi. Mesai içi/dışı saatler tanımlanarak olgular gruplandırıldı. Olguların %51,3’ünün mesai içinde, %48,7’sinin mesai dışında alındığı çalışmamızda genel anestezi %76,4, spinal anestezi %14,4, kombine spinal epidural (KSE) anestezi %6,2, epidural anestezi %3 oranlarında uygulanmıştı. Spinal ve genel anestezi uygulanma oranı mesai içinde ve dışında eşitken, KSE anestezi uygulanma oranının mesai içinde daha fazla olduğu saptandı (P=0,003). Rejyonal anestezilerin %91,3’ü başarılı %8,7’si başarısızdı. Başarısız rejyonal anestezi oranı her iki grupta da benzerdi. Mesai içi sistolik ve diyastolik arter basınçları (SAB/DAB) daha düşük (P=0,001), gebelik haftası daha yüksekti (P
La tensión autoral en Amparo Dávila: un estudio de la postura feminista de la escritora
Authors:   Universidad de Oviedo, Spain, Argüelles Rozada Esther
Published: June 2022

An analysis is proposed of the feminist projection of the Mexican writer Amparo Dávila (1928-2020). Accordingly, the article starts with a theoretical framework that links feminist literary criticism with the concept of “literary posture” of Jérôme Meizoz (2007) for the study of those inter­views which present an attempt of configuration by Davila of an image of an individualist author. Secondly, the articulation of a feminine literary support network in which the writer participates within the literary field will be considered. After that, we will offer some notes for a future analysis on “El huésped” which, by taking back this tale to its place of production, enlightens anew its feminist potential. Finally, the conclusion sums up the causes and consequences of the ambivalent relation with feminism that the Davila’s literary position presents.
El libro de los desplazamientos: manifestaciones de heterogeneidad narrativa en Desierto sonoro de Valeria Luiselli
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Taboada Hernández Marco Polo
Published: June 2022

Based on the contributions of Peruvian theorist and critic Anto­nio Cornejo Polar on narrative heterogeneity, this paper proposes an inter­pretation of Valeria Luiselli’s most recent novel, Desierto sonoro (2019). In this text I postulate that, without undermining the explicit sources which the novel alludes to and recovers, it is possible to link it to a deeply rooted narrative tradition in Latin America: that which represents sociocultural otherness. The tensions between the referent (the Chiricahua tribes of the 19th century and the children who cross the border into the United States in the 21st century) and the narrative perspectives that present the events involve different displacements (of characters, knowledge, diegetic levels, and narrative points of view) oriented to the representation of a harmonious encounter between two opposing sociocultural groups.
A integração de refugiados e solicitantes de reconhecimento da condição de refugiado no relatório “Refúgio em Números” de 2016 a 2021
Authors: Almeida Mariana Eunice Alves de , Sala José Blanes
Published: June 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é verificar como a integração de refugiados e solicitantes de reconhecimento da condição de refugiado no Brasil é abordada nas seis edições do relatório Refúgio em Números, publicado anualmente pelo Comitê Nacional para os Refugiados. Por meio de uma análise documental, verificamos que não há definições sobre o que é integração no relatório, mas que o tema é abordado em sentido funcional, ao apresentar fatores ligados a este processo, como o acesso ao trabalho, a oferta de cursos de português, o atendimento multilíngue e a formação de agentes públicos para o atendimento desta população.
THE EFFECTS OF RELIGIOUS BASED CONFLICT ON REGIONAL SECURITY: THE CASE OF RAKHINE
Authors: AKSU Zehra
Published: June 2022

Due to the attacks led by the Buddhist monks, hundreds of Muslims (Rohingyas) in the Arakan region of Myammar lost their lives, and an important part of them had to emigrate. The international community has long remained silent, apart from a few weak reactions, to the discrimination and violence that the Rohingya Muslims have suffered. If the violence continues, this situation caused by Buddhist religious radicals is likely to spread to India and Bangladesh and turn into a regional conflict. The USA wants to use the conflicts between India and China to surround China. The growth of these conflicts will create difficult security problems in the region, as in the Middle East. The main problematic of the study; the extent to which religious-based conflicts affect regional security.
İHSÂU’L-ULÛM’UN YURTLANDIRICI ÇEVİRİSİNDEKİ ‘MANTIKSIZLIKLAR’ VE ‘İZ’ÂNSIZLIKLAR’ ÜZERİNE
Authors: BİRGÜL Mehmet Fatih
Published: June 2022

Tercüme faaliyetleri, tarih boyunca büyük bir kültür hizmeti olmuştur. Çağımızda, özellikle İslâm düşünce tarihinin klasik eserlerinin çevirisi ise, şüphesiz ilim hayatımız bakımından oldukça büyük bir önem taşımaktadır. Ne var ki, klasik metinlerin çevirisinde gerekli titizlik gösterilmezse, son derece rahatsız edici sonuçların ortaya çıkacağı da meydandadır. Bu eleştiride, Fârâbî’nin İhsâu’l-ulûm adlı eserinin Türkçe tercümesi olmak iddiasıyla yayınlanmış bir metinde, hem Arapçaya vukufsuzluk hem de felsefî kifayetsizlik neticesinde yapılmış bazı büyük yanlışlar ele alınacak ve okuyucunun daha iyi istifade edebilmesi için ayrıntılı biçimde incelenecektir. Amacımız, klasik metinlerin icap eden hassasiyetle çevrilmesine ve özellikle İslâm felsefesi alanında çeviri eleştirisinin gelişmesine katkıda bulunmaktır.
Are Deep Models Robust against Real Distortions? A Case Study on Document Image Classification
Authors: Saifullah Saifullah , Siddiqui Shoaib Ahmed , Agne Stefan , Dengel Andreas , Ahmed Sheraz
Published: June 2022

Deep neural networks have been extensively researched in the field of document image classification to improve classification performance and have shown excellent results. However, there is little research in this area that addresses the question of how well these models would perform in a real-world environment, where the data the models are confronted with often exhibits various types of noise or distortion. In this work, we present two separate benchmark datasets, namely RVL-CDIP-D and Tobacco3482-D, to evaluate the robustness of existing state-of-the-art document image classifiers to different types of data distortions that are commonly encountered in the real world. The proposed benchmarks are generated by inserting 21 different types of data distortions with varying severity levels into the well-known document datasets RVL-CDIP and Tobacco3482, respectively, which are then used to quantitatively evaluate the impact of the different distortion types on the performance of latest document image classifiers. In doing so, we show that while the higher accuracy models also exhibit relatively higher robustness, they still severely underperform on some specific distortions, with their classification accuracies dropping from ~90% to as low as ~40% in some cases. We also show that some of these high accuracy models perform even worse than the baseline AlexNet model in the presence of distortions, with the relative decline in their accuracy sometimes reaching as high as 300-450% that of AlexNet. The proposed robustness benchmarks are made available to the community and may aid future research in this area.
Developing An Over-the-Counter Screening Model for Breast Cancer among the Asian Women Population
Authors: Hanis Tengku Muhammad , Ruhaiyem Nur Intan Raihana , Arifin Wan Nor , Haron Juhara , Wan Abdul Rahman Wan Faiziah , Abdullah Rosni , Musa Kamarul Imran
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to determine the feasibility of the development of an over-the-counter (OTC) screening model using machine learning for breast cancer screening in the Asian women population. Data were retrospectively collected from women who came to the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. Five screening models were developed based on machine learning methods; random forest, artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), elastic-net logistic regression and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). Features used for the development of the screening models were limited to information from the patients’ registration form. The model performance was assessed across the dense and non-dense groups. SVM had the best sensitivity while elastic-net logistic regression had the best specificity. In terms of precision, both random forest elastic-net logistic regression had the best performance, while, in terms of PR-AUC, XGBoost had the best performance. Additionally, SVM had a more balanced performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity across the mammographic density groups. The three most important features were age at examination, weight and number of children. In conclusion, OTC models developed from machine learning methods can improve the prognostic process of breast cancer in Asian women.
Three New Stigmatellin Derivatives Reveal Biosynthetic Insights of its Side Chain Decoration
Authors: Okoth Dorothy A. , Hug Joachim J. , Garcia Ronald , Müller Rolf
Published: June 2022

Myxobacteria generate natural products with unique chemical structures, which not only feature remarkable biological functions but also demonstrate unprecedented biosynthetic assembly strategies. The stigmatellins have been previously described as potent inhibitors of the mitochondrial and photosynthetic respiratory chain and originate from an unusual polyketide synthase assembly line. While previous biosynthetic investigations were focused on the formation of the 5,7-dimethoxy-8-hydroxychromone ring, side chain decoration of the hydrophobic alkenyl chain in position 2 was investigated less thoroughly. We report here the full structure elucidation as well as cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of three new stigmatellins isolated from the myxobacterium Vitiosangium cumulatum MCy10943T with side chain decorations distinct from previously characterized members of this compound family. These findings provide further implications considering the side chain decoration of these aromatic myxobacterial polyketides and their underlying biosynthesis.
Подходы к численному моделированию акустического поля, создаваемого крылом самолета с механизацией на режиме посадки
Authors: Горобец Андрей Владимирович , Gorobets Andrei Vladimirovich , Дубень Алексей Петрович , Duben Aleksei Petrovich , Козубская Татьяна Константиновна , Kozubskaya Tatiana Konstantinovna , Родионов Павел Вадимович , Rodionov Pavel Vadimovich
Published: June 2022

Работа посвящена оценке применимости метода IDDES для моделирования акустики, создаваемой крылом самолета с механизацией на режиме посадки. Тестирование проводится на валидационной задаче об обтекании прямого крылового сегмента, основанного на трехкомпонентном профиле 30P30N. Сравнение результатов расчетов с экспериментальными данными производится по аэродинамике и акустике ближнего поля. При помощи метода FWH моделируется акустика дальнего поля, приводятся полученные спектры и диаграмма направленности. Тестируется возможность использования поглощающих слоев в качестве альтернативных граничных условий на концах сегмента, демонстрируется их влияние на получаемое численное решение.
Modified Scarf Osteotomy with Medial Capsular Interposition Combined with Metatarsal Shortening Offset Osteotomy
Authors: Etani Yuki , Hirao Makoto , Ebina Kosuke , Tsuboi Hideki , Noguchi Takaaki , Okamura Gensuke , Miyama Akira , Takami Kenji , Nampei Akihide , Tsuji Shigeyoshi , Owaki Hajime , Okada Seiji , Hashimoto Jun
Published: June 2022

Background:

Patients who have noninflammatory arthritis of the feet may develop destructive changes on the first metatarsal head and painful dislocation of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of 1 or more lesser toes. This aim of this study was to compare feet with noninflammatory arthritis and those with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with respect to the clinical and radiographic outcomes after treatment of these destructive deformities with a modified Scarf osteotomy with medial capsular interposition into the newly formed first MTP joint, combined with metatarsal shortening offset osteotomy.

Methods:

A retrospective observational study of 93 feet (31 with noninflammatory arthritis and 62 with RA) was performed. Hallux and lesser-toe scores on the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) scoring system, a self-administered foot evaluation questionnaire (SAFE-Q), and preoperative and postoperative radiographic parameters were evaluated.

Results:

There were significant improvements at the time of the final follow-up in the mean scores on the hallux and lesser-toe scales of the JSSF system and in the SAFE-Q score. The postoperative JSSF lesser-toes function score was better for the feet with noninflammatory arthritis feet than the feet with RA. There was no significant difference in the hallux valgus angle (HVA) between 1 month postoperatively and the final follow-up for both groups. Furthermore, the HVA showed a strong correlation between the 1-month and final follow-up values.

Conclusions:

The combination of the modified Scarf osteotomy with medial capsular interposition and shortening metatarsal offset osteotomy was useful and safe in feet with noninflammatory arthritis. The HVA at 1 month after surgery is useful to predict the HVA within 5 years after surgery. The postoperative clinical score for the lesser toes was better in the feet with noninflammatory arthritis.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Presence and localization of apelin and its cognate receptor in canine testes using immunohistochemical and RT-PCR techniques.
Authors: Troisi Alessandro , Dall'Aglio Cecilia , Maranesi Margherita , Orlandi Riccardo , Pastore Sara , Bazzano Marilena , Polisca Angela
Published: June 2022

Apelin, a member of the adipokine family, is a novel endogenous peptide which regulates the male reproduction system of men and male laboratory animals by interacting with a specific receptor. Recent studies have highlighted that apelin may play a role in the regulation of reproduction by reducing testerone production and inhibiting LH secretion. To the best of our knowledge, there is no available data on the presence of the apelin and its receptor in canine testes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal its presence and evaluate its distribution in the canine testes using immunohistochemical and RT-PCR techniques. For this purpose, five fertile and healthy male dogs were subjected to elective orchiectomy. The immunohistochemical reaction revealed the presence of apelin and its receptor in the canine testes. Apelin was localized in spermatids and spermatozoa with a positive signal in the “acrosomal bodies”. As regards the apelin receptor, a positive immunoreaction was detected in the cytoplasm of the cells localized near to the basal membrane of the seminiferous tubules and in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells. The RT-PCR analysis showed the presence of transcripts for apelin and apelin receptor in all of the samples under study. A 35 kDa band confirmed apelin receptor protein expression in all of the samples analysed. In conclusion, the paracrine and endocrine role of apelin and its cognate receptor on male reproduction reported in humans and laboratory animals, could also be hypothesized in dogs.
Can C-reactive protein predict coagulation in off pump coronary artery bypass grafting? A cohort study
Authors: Liu Xiaojie , Yu Yang , Wang Lijuan , Gao Yuchen , Wang Sudena , Ao Hushan
Published: June 2022

Background: Previous study found that C-reactive protein (CRP) can predict bleeding after on-pump CABG. To evaluate whether preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) can be a novel marker of postoperative bleeding in patients having off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. Multiple variable regression analyses were performed. 537 patients undergoing off-pump isolated primary CABG at Fuwai Hospital from September 2017 to July 2018 were recorded. The primary endpoint was bleeding volume within 24 h after surgery.Results: Data of 537 patients undergoing off-pump isolated primary CABG at Fuwai Hospital were recorded. The correlations between bleeding volume within 24 h after surgery and preoperative data were analyzed with univariate and multivariate linear regression. Much more preoperative CRP concentration (B=-0.089, P<0.05) was associated with less postoperative bleeding volume and fibrinogen (B = 0.594, p <0.001).Conclusions: Preoperative CRP concentration is independently correlated with the postoperative volume of bleeding within 24 hours. CRP may become a novel coagulation index in coronary artery atherosclerotic disease.
Research on the Model for Channels of Wireless Optical Communications in Seawater and Its Application
Authors: Sun Kai , Han Zekai
Published: June 2022

Optical wireless communications have advantages of high speed and good safety, so they are extensively used on land. When it comes to the ocean, complicated and adverse marine environment and the lack of high-speed communication technologies are main obstacles hindering marine equipment from being intelligentized, clustered and networked. Underwater communications nowadays use water sound as a primary technology. With the increase of demand in communications, the bandwidth of an underwater acoustic signal is way lower than the needed bandwidth of underwater communications. Considering the bandwidth of optical communications is much higher than that of acoustic ones, the application of optical wireless communications to marine environment can help marine equipment to improve its capability of underwater information interaction, thereby enhancing its level of intelligence and its general capability of information interaction. When light transmits in seawater, the absorption and scattering effects of seawater make the characteristics of light transmission in seawater greatly different from those on land, which leads to the changes in key indicators such as velocity and distance of transmission. This paper examines the characteristics of optical transmission channels of seawater, and builds a model for it for the purpose of analysis. Besides, through the tests of optical communications in a variety of water environment, this paper confirms the validity of the model. Additionally, in order to verify whether the application of optical wireless communications can improve the intelligentization and performance of underwater equipment in practice, a trial is conducted on a lake, which proves that using optical communications to meet the need of data recovery of fixed underwater nodes is feasible and effective.
Variability of extragalactic X-ray jets on kiloparsec scales
Authors: Meyer Eileen , Shaik Aamil , Tang Yanbo , Reid Nancy , Reddy Karthik , Breiding Peter , Georganopoulos Markos , Chiaberge Marco , Perlman Eric , Clautice Devon , Sparks William , DeNigris Natalie , Trevor Max
Published: June 2022

Super-massive black holes residing at the centres of galaxies can launch powerful radio-emitting plasma jets which reach scales of hundreds of thousands of light-years, well beyond their host galaxies.1 The advent of Chandra, the only X-ray observatory capable of sub-arcsecond-scale imaging, has lead to the surprising discovery of strong X-ray emission from radio jets on these scales.2-4 The origin of this X-ray emission, which appears as a second spectral component from that of the radio emission, has been debated for over two decades.5-9 The most commonly assumed mechanism is inverse Compton upscattering of the Cosmic Microwave Background (IC-CMB) by very low-energy electrons in a still highly relativistic jet.10,11 Under this mechanism no variability in the X-ray emission is expected. Here we report the detection of X-ray variability in the large-scale jet population, using a novel statistical analysis of 53 jets with multiple Chandra observations. Individually 13/53 jets have at least one feature which is variable at the p<0.05 level. Taken as a population, we find that the distribution of p-values from a Poisson model is strongly inconsistent with steady emission, with a global p-value of 1.96×10−4 under a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test against the expected Uniform (0,1) distribution. The inconsistency significantly increases when we exclude core-dominated quasars at high redshift. These results strongly imply that the dominant mechanism of X-ray production in kpc-scale jets is synchrotron emission by a second population of electrons reaching multi-TeV energies. X-ray variability on the time-scale of months to a few years implies extremely small emitting volumes much smaller than the cross-section of the jet.
Enhancing Learning and Retention with Distinctive Virtual Reality Environments and Mental Context Reinstatement
Authors: Essoe Joey , Reggente Nicco , Ohno Ai , Baek Younji , Dell’Italia John , Rissman Jesse
Published: June 2022

Memory is inherently context-dependent: internal and environmental cues become bound to learnt information, and the later absence of these cues can impair recall. Here, we developed a novel approach to leverage context-dependence to optimise learning of challenging, interference-prone material. While navigating through virtual reality (VR) contexts, participants learnt 80 foreign words in two phonetically similar languages. Those participants who learnt each language in its own unique context showed reduced interference and improved one-week retention (92%), relative to those who learnt the languages in the same context (76%)—however, this advantage was only apparent if participants subjectively experienced VR-based contexts as “real” environments. A follow-up fMRI study confirmed that reinstatement of brain activity patterns associated with the original encoding context during word retrieval was associated with improved recall performance. These findings establish that context-dependence can be harnessed with VR to optimise learning and showcase the important role of mental context reinstatement.
Understanding temperature-dependent SU(3) spin dynamics in the S=1 antiferromagnet Ba2FeSi2O7
Authors: Do Seung-Hwan , Zhang Hao , Dahlbom David , Williams Travis , Garlea ovidiu , Hong Tao , Jang Tae-Hwan , Cheong Sang-Wook , Park Jae-Hoon , Barros Kipton , Batista Cristian , Christianson Andrew
Published: June 2022

Quantum magnets admit more than one classical limit and N-level systems with strong single-ion anisotropy are expected to be described by a classical approximation based on SU(N) coherent states. Here we test this hypothesis by modeling finite temperature inelastic neutron scattering (INS) data of the effective spin-one antiferromagnet Ba2FeSi2O7. The measured dynamic structure factor is calculated with a generalized Landau-Lifshitz dynamics for SU(3) spins. Unlike the traditional classical limit based on SU(2) coherent states, the results obtained with classical SU(3) spins are in good agreement with the measured temperature-dependent spectrum. The SU(3) approach developed here provides a general framework to understand the broad class of materials comprising weakly coupled antiferromagnetic dimers, trimers, or tetramers, and magnets with strong single-ion anisotropy.
Evaluation of Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Mustafa Dilshad Hamad , Ahmed Baderkhan Saeed , Haweizy Rawand Musheer , Rwandizy Azhy Muhammed
Published: June 2022

Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a rare and lethal disease that accounts for 1–2% of thyroid malignancies. It is an aggressive locoregional disease, with a high rate of distant metastasis, a poor prognosis, and a mean survival rate of 3–6 months after diagnosis. The aim of this retrospective study is to analyse clinical and pathological features of ATC in order to assess treatment procedures and its outcome. Methods: We analysed data from 22 patients diagnosed with ATC in the period from 2018 to 2021, using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test to determine overall survival. Results: Patients’ median age was 64.3 ± 17.1 years. Females were more affected (male/female ratio: 1:1.7); 14 cases occurred in females (63.6.4%), and eight in males (36.4%). The most common manifestations were neck enlargement (81.8%) and dyspnoea (72.27%), and the tumour size was > 4cm in 17 (77.3%) patients. The percentage of cases that presented in clinical-stage IVA was 36.4%, with 31.8% presenting in clinical-stage IVB, and 31.8% presenting in clinical-stage VIB. Among 22 cases, 14 (63.6%) were operable, and 8 (36.4) were inoperable (p=0.015). Multimodal therapies were associated with better survival (surgery plus radiotherapy without systemic treatment, P = 0.063). The median overall survival was three months (IC 95%, 0.078–5.922). One-year and two-year survival rates were 9% and 4.5%, respectively. Conclusions: ATC is a rapidly growing cancer that fortunately is rare. Early diagnosis and multimodality treatment may provide a better quality of life and survival time for this group of patients.
Predictors of perioperative hypertensive crisis in patients with pheochromocytoma: A retrospective study
Authors: Karimifar Mozhgan , Abbaspour Sina , Feizi Awat , Heidarpour Mitra
Published: June 2022

BackgroundPheochromocytoma is a rare adrenal gland tumor.The definitive treatment is adrenalectomy. Because of its secretory nature, appropriate preoperative treatment is essential to prevent hypertensive crisis(HTC) during surgery.Despite this management,HTC is common and can cause life-threatening complications.AimOur aim was to study variables that may affect HTC despite preoperative management.MethodsIn a retrospective study,among 126 medical records of patients with adrenal tumor who referred to Alzahra hospital, Isfahan,Iran,between 2013 and 2021,52 patients who took proper preparation for surgery were included.ResultsAnalysis of these patients showed that 12 patients experienced HTC. Among many potential predictors, we observed in multivariate analysis that patients with tumors size > 33.5mm in imaging were at higher risk for experiencing HTC (P = 0.038,OR:13.1,CI:1.26–135.26); taking amlodipine to help reducing blood pressures(BPs) was another significant predictor (P = 0.05,OR:5.1,CI:0.97–56.74). Mean values of systolic BP(SBP) and diastolic BP(DBP) before surgery in HTC group was more, although it wasn’t statistically significant.ConclusionTumor sizes > 33.5mm(imaging)and necessity of administering amlodipine to control BP were predictors of HTC but when reported by pathology,it wasn’t significantly different and it suggests that tumor size has no effect on HTC.However, due to rarity of pheochromocytoma, multicenter studies with larger sample size for providing more reliable results are suggested.
Association of IL-6 -174 G/C and TNF-α - 308 G/A polymorphisms with periodontitis in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Perez Mariana de Moraes Corrêa , Cavalcanti Mariana Silva Teixeira , Dantas Fernanda Suely Barros , Pessoa Katarina Haluli Janô da Veiga , Vasconcelos Luydson Richardson Silva , Gueiros Luiz Alcino Monteiro , Leão Jair Carneiro , Carvalho Alessandra Albuquerque Tavares
Published: June 2022

Objective
To correlate the presence and severity of periodontal disease with the genetic polymorphisms IL-6 -174 G/C and TNF-α -308 G/A in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis.
Background
Periodontal problems modify systemic health and may worsen morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted, which evaluated a group of patients who were undergoing hemodialysis (case group) and a control group of patients with chronic kidney disease. Periodontal diagnosis was established by assessing the probing depth, bleeding, and clinical attachment loss and diagnosing the degree, stage, and location of the periodontitis. Nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by allelic discrimination using real-time PCR.
Results
We evaluated 84 patients (case: n = 43; control: n = 41), of whom 54.7% were women, with a mean age of 46.6 ± 12 years. No statistically significant differences were observed in the presence of periodontal disease between the case (76.7%) and control (73.2%) groups. Periodontal disease stage (p = 0.655), degree (p = 0.512), and location (p = 0.904) showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups or in comparison to the allelic and genotypic distributions of IL-6 and TNF-α. In categorizing patients according to the stage of periodontitis, statistically significant results were obtained in the hemodialysis group, which suggests that the GG genotype and absence of the C allele relate to greater periodontal destruction.
Conclusion
Allele C has a protective effect on the severity of periodontal disease in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
The effects of a Cilostazol, a selective phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, on liver ischemic-reperfusion injury and liver regeneration; In vitro experimental study
Authors: Aksoy Erkan , Ocak Özlem Karaca , Ergenç Hasan , Ergenç Zeynep , Çakmak Güldeniz Karadeniz
Published: June 2022

IntroductionHepatectomy and transplantation cause liver damage through ischemic reperfusion and oxidative stress. There is no treatment available to improve liver regeneration and reduce ischemic-reperfusion injury. The present study aimed to investigate whether a selective phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, Cilostazol, improves ischemic reperfusion injury and liver regeneration following extended hepatectomy.Material and MethodWistar albino rats (n=40) were randomized and divided into four equal groups. All rats underwent 60% hepatectomy, and Cilostazol (5 mg/kg per day) was administered to the experimental group. The subjects were sacrificed on the 4th and 7th days following the resection. Blood samples were taken to evaluate liver enzymes (ALT, AST), and liver tissue samples were taken to analyze morphology. Biochemical, morphological, and histopathological parameters were compared between Groups.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were detected in ALT, AST values ​​, and relative liver weights in rats treated with Cilostazol compared to the control Group without Cilostazol. Although not statistically significant, a significant increase was detected in relative liver weight and a decrease in AST value in rats treated with Cilostazol. SOD activity was significantly higher, and GSH levels, MPO, and AOPPs were significantly lower in Cilostazol applied Groups. It is seen in these findings that selective inhibition of PDE3 by Cilostazol improves hepatic circulation. It was also found that ischemic reperfusion injury decreased, and regeneration markers such as mitosis index, even nucleus, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ratio increased in rats treated with Cilostazol.ConclusionThe present study found that selective PDE3 inhibitor Cilostazol positively affected the histopathological parameters following extended liver resection and significantly increased hepatocellular proliferation.