bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Efficiency of a Radiation Oncology Department Using Electronic Medical Records: Protocol for Preparing Radiotherapy
Authors: Cheng Hao-Shen , You Weir-Chiang , Chen Ni-Wei , Hsieh Mu-Chih , Tsai Che-Fu , Ho Chia-Jing , Chen Chien-Chih
Published: January 2024

Background

Electronic medical records (EMRs) streamline medical processes, improve quality control, and facilitate data sharing among hospital departments. They also reduce maintenance costs and storage space needed for paper records, while saving time and providing structured data for future research.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate whether the integration of the radiation oncology information system and the hospital information system enhances the efficiency of the department of radiation oncology.

Methods

We held multidisciplinary discussions among physicians, physicists, medical radiation technologists, nurses, and engineers. We integrated paper records from the radiation oncology department into the existing hospital information system within the hospital. A new electronic interface was designed. A comparison was made between the time taken to retrieve information from either the paper records or the EMRs for radiation preparation. A total of 30 cases were randomly allocated in both the old paper-based system and the new EMR system. The time spent was calculated manually at every step during the process, and we performed an independent 1-tailed t test to evaluate the difference between the 2 systems.

Results

Since the system was launched in August 2020, more than 1000 medical records have been entered into the system, and this figure continues to increase. The total time needed for the radiation preparation process was reduced from 286.8 minutes to 154.3 minutes (P<.001)—a reduction of 46.2%. There was no longer any need to arrange for a nurse to organize the radiotherapy paper records, saving a workload of 16 hours per month.

Conclusions

The implementation of the integrated EMR system has resulted in a significant reduction in the number of steps involved in radiotherapy preparation, as well as a decrease in the amount of time required for the process. The new EMR system has provided numerous benefits for the department, including a decrease in workload, a simplified workflow, and conserving more patient data within a confined space.
Eating Habits and Lifestyle Factors Related to Childhood Obesity Among Children Aged 5-6 Years: Cluster Analysis of Panel Survey Data in Korea
Authors: Lim Heemoon , Lee Hyejung
Published: January 2024

Background

Childhood obesity has emerged as a major health issue due to the rapid growth in the prevalence of obesity among young children worldwide. Establishing healthy eating habits and lifestyles in early childhood may help children gain appropriate weight and further improve their health outcomes later in life.

Objective

This study aims to classify clusters of young children according to their eating habits and identify the features of each cluster as they relate to childhood obesity.

Methods

A total of 1280 children were selected from the Panel Study on Korean Children. Data on their eating habits (eating speed, mealtime regularity, consistency of food amount, and balanced eating), sleep hours per day, outdoor activity hours per day, and BMI were obtained. We performed a cluster analysis on the children’s eating habits using k-means methods. We conducted ANOVA and chi-square analyses to identify differences in the children’s BMI, sleep hours, physical activity, and the characteristics of their parents and family by cluster.

Results

At both ages (ages 5 and 6 years), we identified 4 clusters based on the children’s eating habits. Cluster 1 was characterized by a fast eating speed (fast eaters); cluster 2 by a slow eating speed (slow eaters); cluster 3 by irregular eating habits (poor eaters); and cluster 4 by a balanced diet, regular mealtimes, and consistent food amounts (healthy eaters). Slow eaters tended to have the lowest BMI (P<.001), and a low proportion had overweight and obesity at the age of 5 years (P=.03) and 1 year later (P=.005). There was a significant difference in sleep time (P=.01) and mother’s education level (P=.03) at the age of 5 years. Moreover, there was a significant difference in sleep time (P=.03) and the father’s education level (P=.02) at the age of 6 years.

Conclusions

Efforts to establish healthy eating habits in early childhood may contribute to the prevention of obesity in children. Specifically, providing dietary guidance on a child’s eating speed can help prevent childhood obesity. This research suggests that lifestyle modification could be a viable target to decrease the risk of childhood obesity and promote the development of healthy children. Additionally, we propose that future studies examine long-term changes in obesity resulting from lifestyle modifications in children from families with low educational levels.
Assessing ChatGPT’s Mastery of Bloom’s Taxonomy Using Psychosomatic Medicine Exam Questions: Mixed-Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Herrmann-Werner Anne , Festl-Wietek Teresa , Holderried Friederike , Herschbach Lea , Griewatz Jan , Masters Ken , Zipfel Stephan , Mahling Moritz
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Large language models such as GPT-4 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4) are being increasingly used in medicine and medical education. However, these models are prone to “hallucinations” (ie, outputs that seem convincing while being factually incorrect). It is currently unknown how these errors by large language models relate to the different cognitive levels defined in Bloom’s taxonomy.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore how GPT-4 performs in terms of Bloom’s taxonomy using psychosomatic medicine exam questions.

METHODS

We used a large data set of psychosomatic medicine multiple-choice questions (N=307) with real-world results derived from medical school exams. GPT-4 answered the multiple-choice questions using 2 distinct prompt versions: detailed and short. The answers were analyzed using a quantitative approach and a qualitative approach. Focusing on incorrectly answered questions, we categorized reasoning errors according to the hierarchical framework of Bloom’s taxonomy.

RESULTS

GPT-4’s performance in answering exam questions yielded a high success rate: 93% (284/307) for the detailed prompt and 91% (278/307) for the short prompt. Questions answered correctly by GPT-4 had a statistically significant higher difficulty than questions answered incorrectly (P=.002 for the detailed prompt and P<.001 for the short prompt). Independent of the prompt, GPT-4’s lowest exam performance was 78.9% (15/19), thereby always surpassing the “pass” threshold. Our qualitative analysis of incorrect answers, based on Bloom’s taxonomy, showed that errors were primarily in the “remember” (29/68) and “understand” (23/68) cognitive levels; specific issues arose in recalling details, understanding conceptual relationships, and adhering to standardized guidelines.

CONCLUSIONS

GPT-4 demonstrated a remarkable success rate when confronted with psychosomatic medicine multiple-choice exam questions, aligning with previous findings. When evaluated through Bloom’s taxonomy, our data revealed that GPT-4 occasionally ignored specific facts (remember), provided illogical reasoning (understand), or failed to apply concepts to a new situation (apply). These errors, which were confidently presented, could be attributed to inherent model biases and the tendency to generate outputs that maximize likelihood.
Generalized Syllogism Reasoning with the Quantifiers in Modern Square{no} and Square{most}
Authors: Hao Liheng
Published: January 2024

A modern Square{Q}={Q, Q_, Q_, _Q_} is composed of a generalized quantifier Q and its three types of negative quantifiers: inner, outer and dual negative one. This paper mainly discusses the non-trivial generalized syllogisms reasoning with the quantifiers in Square{no} and Square{most}. To this end, this paper firstly gives formalizes generalized syllogisms, then proves the validity of the syllogism AMM-1 with the generalized quantifier most, and further deduces the other 24 valid syllogisms. The reason why these valid generalized syllogisms studied in this paper can be mutually reduced is because: (1) any of the four Aristotelian quantifiers in Square{no} can define the other three ones; (2) so can any of the four generalized quantifiers in Square{most}. This study is undoubtedly beneficial not only for the development of modern logic, but also for the development of inference machines in artificial intelligence.
Financial Technology and Digital Transformation of Enterprises—A Perspective of Financing Constraints and Credit Rationing
Authors: MU Qinchun
Published: January 2024

With the rapid development of the Digital economy, the Digital transformation of enterprises has become a new trend, and the effective promotion of the Digitalization of the enterprise is the key to the high-quality development of China’s economy. Through web crawler crawling data of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2019 to investigate the role of regional FinTech in Digital transformation of enterprises, using text mining methods. The empirical results show that FinTech has a significant positive effect on Digital transformation of enterprises. After robustness tests such as reducing endogenous problems and replacing samples, the conclusions are still robust; Fintech reduces the information asymmetry between financial institutions and enterprises, alleviates the financing constraints of enterprises, and improves the efficiency of credit allocation by accelerating credit approval, thus promoting the Digital transformation of enterprises; In small and medium-sized private enterprises, FinTech has a more obvious effect on promoting enterprises’ Digital transformation; In the more economically backward Middle West, FinTech can also play its role.
A Study on the Teaching Mode of Integrating Value Cultivation with Critical Thinking in the Listening and Speaking Course for English Majors
Authors: Gao Jinlin
Published: January 2024

In order to solve the long-standing problems in English listening and speaking class, such as “Centralization of language knowledge and skills”; “Absence of critical thinking,” and “Separation of knowledge and affection”, this research put forward the model of Integrating Value Cultivation with Critical Thinking (IVCCT) (Note 1), which breaks through the traditional “Language-centrism” model. With values education as the core, this mode systematically cultivate the multi-competences in students, such as innovation, research, communication, cooperation and so on, through cross-cultural critical thinking activities, which will help the participants achieve the educational goals of integrating value shaping, knowledge transmission and competence cultivation.
A Study on the Factors Affecting Changwon City's Local Extinction Risk Index
Authors:   Residential Environment Institute Of Korea, Kim Carol Chi-Hyun
Published: January 2024

This study aims to identify the factors that reduce the risk of rural depopulation in Changwon through the factors that affect the rural depopulation risk index in Changwon. The data used for the analysis of the study is a cross-sectional data for the distinguished areas of Changwon City in terms of geography, and a time series of 128 monthly data from January 2012 to August 2022. To conduct the empirical analysis, a balanced panel data combining cross-sectional and time series data was used to examine the factors affecting rural depopulation and population decline in Changwon City. The current rural depopulation risk index of Changwon City allowed us to identify the rural depopulation status of different districts of Changwon City, and it is expected to be used to provide direction for the establishment of real estate policies and future plans for each district. In the case of Changwon City, it was possible to identify that the population was rapidly declining as of 2016, and the population decline was caused by the decline of manufacturing, heavy industry, and shipbuilding, which are the core industries of Changwon City. Therefore, it is necessary for local governments to establish policies to attract the population of young people, the productive population, through deregulation and policy support centered on the Changwon National Industrial Complex, which is currently stagnating. It is judged that appropriate real estate development is necessary to attract consumers through the increase of apartment sales prices, and that supportive policies and deregulation policies for development can have a positive impact on the increase of the local extinction risk index in Changwon City. Based on these results, it is necessary for Changwon City to prepare policies in advance to ease the burden of renters due to population influx as a way to prevent population outflow to other areas, and to cope with sustainable population influx through housing stability support policies and relaxation of development regulations for housing supply.
A Case Study of Small and Medium-sized Cities for the Construction of Smart City Citizen Participation Living Lab
Authors:   Residential Environment Institute Of Korea, Lee Jiyeon , Kim Jaehwan
Published: January 2024

Recently smart City has become a world-widely hot issue. Many cities have been trying to be smarter in solving urban problems.In this study, a living lab for creating a small and medium-sized city based on civic participation was established through living lab cases and literature studies. The basic direction of the living lab model for creating a smart city based on civic participation was set. The process consisted of six steps: ① Composition of the participation group-② Problem Discovery-③Service Derivation-④Priority Selection-Implementation- ⑥Verification. To review this, it was compared and reviewed with Living Lab, a small and medium-sized city located in Chungcheongnam-do. As a result, there was a common fact that the public-led smart city living lab did not have a support system for continuous monitoring to realize the spread of services. Accordingly, it was concluded that attention should be paid to operation management and monitoring by verifying the living lab model for creating a smart city based on civic participation.
An Analysis of the Effect of Small and Medium sized Building Characteristics on the Sale Price: Focusing on Property and Buyer’s Characteristics
Authors:   Residential Environment Institute Of Korea, Song Hye Jin , Park Mun Su
Published: January 2024

As times change, the factors influencing the prices of small and medium-sized buildings also change. There have been numerous studies on commercial establishments examining the impact of changes in phosphorus, but there is a lack of research on how the characteristics of small and medium-sized buildings affect sales prices. This study empirically analyzes how the characteristics of small and medium-sized buildings affect their sale prices. The findings are as follows. Small and medium-sized buildings with a large land area and high official land prices have a positive (+) effect on the sale price. Second, small and medium-sized buildings with a large floor area, as well as buildings that have violated regulations or have large floor areas (including underground floors) for space utilization, have a positive (+) effect on the sale price. However, the number of years that have passed since construction and the availability of parking have a negative (-) effect on the sale price of small and medium-sized buildings. In addition, it was found that the price of small and medium-sized buildings was affected by the type of buyer, a corporate investors had a positive (+) effect on the sale price. Therefore, small and medium-sized building investment entities should make decisions regarding acquisition, operation, and disposal while considering the characteristics of the building and the trading prices.
A Study on the Improvement Plans for Efficient Operation of Special Repair Reserves: Focusing on the LH longterm public rental housing
Authors:   Residential Environment Institute Of Korea, Lee Hyug Jin , Park Jun Seok , Chung Jae Woo
Published: January 2024

This research aims to derive policy implications for the efficient management of reserves for appropriations for special repairs(RASR) by “public housing operators” in response to the increasing demand for extensive annual maintenance expenses due to the growing aging inventory of public rental housing. To achieve this goal, a three-step approach was undertaken: analyzing the accounting records of maintenance expenses for six selected LH housing complexes, identifying operational challenges through surveys of LH practitioners, and evaluating the existing institutional issues related to the RASR. The analysis of maintenance expense accounting records revealed an excessive accumulation of RASR, which contrasted with its inadequate utilization in actual repairs and maintenance activities. Furthermore, statistical analysis of survey results unveiled three major inhibiting factors in the operation of the RASR: the irrational accumulation rate of the RASR, the complexity of procedures for utilizing the fund, limitations of RASR utilization to shared facilities. Notably, the need for institutional improvements in the “complexity of fund utilization procedures” was highlighted as the most significant. Lastly, through an assessment of the existing RASR institutional framework concerning these three identified factors, the following policy implications were derived: firstly, a relaxation of the RASR accumulation rate is warranted. Secondly, simplification of unnecessary procedures for utilizing the RASR is imperative. Thirdly, expansion of dedicated areas for utilizing the RASR to private unit is necessary.
Проектно-цифровая трансформация системы управления городским хозяйством Москвы
Authors: Балашов Евгений Борисович
Published: January 2024

В статье рассматриваются цели, задачи, особенности, принципы и факторы реализации инфраструктурного проекта создания Центра управления комплекса городского хозяйства (ЦУ КГХ), как центра компетенций и применения коммуникативно-цифровых технологий. Раскрыты проблемные стороны функционирования жилищно-коммунального хозяйства (ЖКХ), как важнейшей социально-экономической системы экономики одного из крупнейших в мире городов. Сформулированы стратегические направления цифровой трансформации системы управления жилищно-коммунального городского хозяйства Москвы. Определены основные организационно-методические подходы к формированию структуры проекта Центра управления комплекса городского хозяйства. Обоснованы принципы формирования автоматизированной информационной системы (ЦУ КГХ) с целью обеспечения интероперабельности ведомственных информационных систем предприятий и организаций городского хозяйства. Разработана проблемно-ориентированная модель интероперабельности, основными компонентами которой являются программно-аппаратный комплекс ЦУ КГХ, хранилище данных, включающее показатели состояния объектов ЖКХ, ранжирование их по набору критериев. Доказано, что агрегация больших данных позволяет принимать текущие и стратегические управленческие решения в режиме онлайн и предупреждать на основе комплексной аналитики возможные инциденты, нивелировать их последствия. Предлагаемые в статье материалы по цифровой трансформации системы управления городским хозяйством Москвы включают формирование процесса принятия управленческих решений руководством Комплекса городского хозяйства на основе трансформации имеющихся функций и развития новых аналитически задач, мониторинга данных о выявлении и выполнении работ по устранению инженерными службами города дефектов, повреждений, аварийных ситуаций. Трансформация системы управления ЖКХ на основе цифровых решений может осуществляться поэтапным переходом к промежуточным моделям, соответствующим различным уровням цифровизации.
Систематизация факторов, влияющих на формирование величины углеродного следа в течение жизненного цикла объектов капитального строительства
Authors: Опарина Людмила Анатольевна , Обухова Юлия Дмитриевна
Published: January 2024

Целью статьи является системное представление факторов, виляющих на формирование величины углеродного следа, формирующегося в течение жизненного цикла объектов капитального строительства. Проведен анализ ряда работ отечественных и зарубежных ученых, выявлены общие методологические основы расчета величины углеродного следа объектов капитального строительства. Результаты работы представлены в виде матрицы факторов, влияющих на формирование углеродного следа объектов капитального строительства в зависимости от этапов жизненного цикла и этапов формирования информационной модели объекта капитального строительства. Факторы сгруппированы по способу влияния на формирование углеродного следа: прямое и косвенное. Использование данной матрицы позволяет производить более точные расчеты величины углеродного следа, формирующегося в течение жизненного цикла объектов капитального строительства, а также разрабатывать базы данных для расчета выявленных факторов.
Управление комплексной безопасностью предприятий с использованием символического метода
Authors: Гвоздев Евгений Владимирович
Published: January 2024

Представлено формализованное описание символического метода (комплексных чисел), с помощью которого определяется комплексная величина в виде уровня влияния причинно-следственных факторов на наносимый ущерб от аварий и пожаров. На примере предприятий нефтегазового комплекса России представлено обоснование по использованию символического метода, с помощью которого имеется возможность получить адекватные результаты оценки. Предложено использовать программное обеспечение, разработанное с применением метода анализа иерархий и попарных сравнений, а также метода Байесовских сетей доверия. На выходе решается задача по определению комплексного весового коэффициента влияния, закрепленного за отчетом об авариях и пожарах на рассматриваемых предприятиях.
Методика исследования проектной документации для строительства на предмет оценки ее соответствия требованиям специальных правил при производстве судебных строительно-технических экспертиз (в порядке обсуждения)
Authors: Балабин Юрий Алексеевич , Коковин Андрей Юрьевич , Новожилов Владимир Александрович
Published: January 2024

В статье предложена методика проведения исследований проектной документации, предназначенной для осуществления строительства, реконструкции и капитального ремонта (далее строительства) объектов капитального строительства в рамках строительно-технических судебных экспертиз с учетом регулярно изменяющихся требований градостроительного законодательства. Приведен перечень разрешаемых в рамках указанных экспертиз вопросов. Определены объекты исследования, целью которого является разрешение вопросов соответствия проектной документации требованиям специальных правил1. Указаны принципиальные отличия и исключительные положения при проведении строительно-технических судебных экспертиз проектной документации от государственной экспертизы проектной документации, проводимой государственным органом в рамках статьи 49 Градостроительного кодекса Российской Федерации. Сформирован перечень нормативных требований в отношении проектной документации, предъявляемых в различные временные периоды документами градостроительного законодательства и национальными стандартами. Рассмотрены этапы проведения исследований состава и содержания проектной документации, к которой в различные временные периоды предъявляются различные требования. Предлагаемая методика проведения исследований в отношении проектной документации предназначена для судебных экспертов, проводящих исследования в рамках судебных экспертиз по материалам уголовных дел или материалам процессуальных проверок, назначаемых следственным органом. Рассмотрены частные случаи применения нормативных требований в зависимости от временного периода разработки проектной документации или иных документов, устанавливающих правовой статус проектной документации.
Pendampingan Kompetisi Sains Madrasah (KSM) melalui Kerja Sama dan Kolaborasi Madrasah-Kampus
Authors: Pranata Ogi Danika
Published: January 2024

Kompetisi Sains Madrasah (KSM) menjadi wadah untuk mengukur dan mengasah kemampuan siswa madrasah di bidang sains dan teknologi. Ciri khas yang membedakan KSM dengan kompetisi sains lainnya adalah kajian integrasi sains dan islam. Kajian integrasi sains dan islam menjadi bagian penting di era sekarang karena menguatnya dikotomi antara keduanya. Untuk itu pendampingan siswa sangat penting untuk dilakukan sebagai persiapan mengikuti KSM. Riset berbasis komunitas atau community based-research (CBR) diterapkan dengan menjalin kerja sama dan kolaborasi antara madrasah dan kampus. Subjek utama kegiatan adalah 24 siswa MTs Negeri 1 Sungai Penuh yang terbagi menjadi 12 siswa bidang Matematika Terintegrasi dan 12 siswa bidang IPA Terpadu Terintegrasi. Pendampingan dilaksanakan melalui pembelajaran dalam 8 pertemuan tatap muka yang diawali dengan pre-test dan diakhir dengan post-test. Pembelajaran dilakukan sesuai dengan kisi-kisi materi untuk masing-masing bidang dalam 6 kali pertemuan. Kemudian data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif dan perhitungan N-gain. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa memiliki N-gain yang tergolong pada kategori sedang, yaitu 8 dari 10 siswa pada bidang Matematika Terintegrasi dan 6 dari 11 siswa pada bidang IPA Terpadu Terintegrasi. Berdasarkan rata-rata N-gain, Matematika Terintegrasi (0.35) lebih tinggi dibandingkan IPA Terpadu Terintegrasi (0.25). Pada akhirnya dapat disimpulkan bahwa kerja sama dan kolaborasi dalam kegiatan pendampingan siswa calon peserta KSM membantu dalam mencapai tujuan dan memberikan banyak manfaat. Salah satu tujuan adalah menyiapkan siswa untuk mengikuti KSM tingkat Kota Sungai Penuh.
O preço da estimação: um estudo de despesas veterinárias como elementos de valorização da existência de animais de companhia
Authors: Werneck Alexandre , Perrota Ana Paula
Published: January 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender a maneira como se efetiva o valor da existência dos chamados “animais de companhia” ou “de estimação” a partir da relação entre essa existência e o dinheiro. Com base na análise contrastiva de dois casos representativos de uma pesquisa sobre tratamentos veterinários considerados dispendiosos por “donos”, “tutores”, “humanos”, “pais” de “pets”, discutimos como despesas com a preservação da vida se tornam ao mesmo tempo índices da valorização dessas vidas e um desafio moral ligado a uma relação de hostilização com o econômico – por meio da transfiguração de valores quantitativos em signos qualitativos. Essa valorização passa por pensar os bichos de estimação mais do que como simplesmente vidas, vendo-os como “existências”, isto é, como vidas tratadas em termos de sua finitude, a serem valoradas e avaliadas na medida de suas singularidades, diferenças e igualdades e da evitação de seu sofrimento. Combinando uma antropologia das construções de valor dos animais não humanos com uma sociologia pragmática/pragmatista da moral atenta ao pluralismo de quadros de valor e às formas de efetivação de ações/situações, discutimos como comparecem na interrelação entre dinheiro e existência animal os três fenômenos da questão do valor como conferidor de sentido que nossos trabalhos têm mostrado primordiais, a valoração, a avaliação e a valorização.
An Investigation into the Suitability of Gauge-Corrected Remotely Sensed Rainfall Datasets for Hydrological Modelling in the Western Ghats
Authors: HORAN Robyn , Smithers Jeff , Clark David J. , Horan Mark JC , Kjeldsen Thomas Rodding , Rickards Nathan
Published: January 2024

An accurate spatial and temporal representation of rainfall is essential
for hydrological assessments and water resources management. Rainfall is
monitored in India’s mountainous Western Ghats region via in-situ
rainfall gauging stations maintained by the Indian Meteorological
Department (IMD). However, the network is sparse, and significant
periods of data are missing. Furthermore, the IMD gridded rainfall
dataset is known to underestimate the depth of rainfall at the high
altitudes within this region. In this study, rainfall estimated by the
IMD grids and from remote sensing using the CHIRPS (0.25- and 0.05-
degree), MSWEP and PERSIANN datasets are compared to the IMD in-situ
gauged rainfall within the Western Ghats using a point-to-pixel
analysis.

The GWAVA model is utilised to determine the effect of the selected
rainfall input datasets on representing wider water resources. It was
found that the average ensemble provided the best representation of the
in-situ gauged and catchment rainfall and a better representation than
the IMD grids. It remains critical for water resources management to
ensure that in-situ rainfall gauging networks are maintained. In-situ
data sources of high confidence remain important for the continuous
development and ground-truthing of different rainfall datasets.
Sea Surface Salinity Provides Subseasonal Predictability for Forecasts of Opportunity of U.S. Summertime Precipitation
Authors: Arcodia Marybeth , Barnes Elizabeth A. , Durack Paul James , Keys Patrick , Rocha Juliette
Published: January 2024

As oceanic moisture evaporates, it leaves a signature on sea surface
salinity. Roughly 10% of the moisture that evaporates over the ocean is
transported over land, allowing the salinity fields to be a predictor of
terrestrial precipitation. This research is among the first in published
literature to assess the role of sea surface salinity for improved
predictions on low-skill summertime subseasonal timescales for
terrestrial precipitation predictions. Neural networks are trained with
the CESM2 Large Ensemble using North Atlantic salinity anomalies to
quantify predictability of U.S. Midwest summertime heavy rainfall events
at 0 to 56-day leads. Using explainable artificial intelligence,
salinity anomalies in the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico are found to
provide skill for subseasonal forecasts of opportunity, e.g. confident
and correct predictions. Further, a moisture-tracking algorithm applied
to reanalysis data demonstrates that the regions of evaporation
identified by neural networks directly provide moisture that
precipitates in the Midwest.
A Comprehensive Report on the Effects of Physical Activity on Heart Rate and BPM
Authors: Kumar Ansh
Published: January 2024

This report presents a comprehensive investigation into the dynamic
relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular response,
specifically focusing on heart rate and Beats Per Minute (BPM). The
study employed a controlled setting to observe and analyze the
physiological changes in an individual subjected to varying intensities
and durations of physical exercise.
Deciphering the isotopic imprint of nitrate to reveal nitrogen source and transport mechanisms in a tile-drained agroecosystem
Authors: Hu Yinchao , Yu Zhongjie , Yang Wendy H , Margenot Andrew J , Gentry Lowell E , Wander Michelle , Mulvaney Richard , Mitchell Corey A , Guacho Carlos E
Published: January 2024

Installation of subsurface drainage systems has profoundly altered the
nitrogen cycle in agricultural regions across the globe, facilitating
substantial loss of nitrate (NO3-) to surface water systems. Lack of
understanding of the sources and processes controlling NO3- loss from
tile-drained agroecosystems hinders the development of management
strategies aimed at reducing this loss. The natural abundance nitrogen
and oxygen isotopes of NO3- provide a valuable tool for differentiating
nitrogen sources and tracking the biogeochemical transformations acting
on NO3-. This study combined multi-years of tile drainage measurements
with NO3- isotopic analysis to examine NO3- source and transport
mechanisms in a tile-drained corn-soybean field. The tile drainage NO3-
isotope data were supplemented by characterization of the nitrogen
isotopic composition of potential NO3- sources (fertilizer, soil
nitrogen, and crop biomass) in the field and the oxygen isotopic
composition of NO3- produced by nitrification in soil incubations. The
results show that NO3- isotopes in tile drainage were highly responsive
to tile discharge variation and fertilizer input. After accounting for
isotopic fractionations during nitrification and denitrification, the
isotopic signature of tile drainage NO3- was temporally stable and
similar to those of fertilizer and soybean residue during unfertilized
periods. This temporal invariance in NO3- isotopic signature indicates a
nitrogen legacy effect, possibly resulting from N recycling at the soil
microsite scale and a large water storage for NO3- mixing. Collectively,
these results demonstrate how combining field NO3- isotope data with
knowledge of isotopic fractionations can reveal mechanisms controlling
NO3- cycling and transport under complex field conditions.
On the relation between seismic source dynamics, tsunami generation and propagation, and numerical modelling complexity for large earthquakes in subduction zones
Authors: Scala Antonio , Lorito Stefano , Sanchez Cipriano Escalante , Romano Fabrizio , Festa Gaetano , Abbate Alice , Bayraktar Hafize Basak , Díaz Manuel Jesús Castro , Macías Jorge , González-Vida José Manuel
Published: January 2024

Tsunamis are rare, destructive events, whose generation, propagation and
coastal impact processes involve several complex physical phenomena.
Most tsunami applications, like probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment,
make extensive use of large sets of numerical simulations, facing a
systematic trade-off between the computational costs and the modelling
accuracy. For seismogenic tsunami, the source is often modelled as an
instantaneous sea-floor displacement due to the fault static slip
distribution, while the propagation in open-sea is computed through a
shallow water approximation.

Here, through 1D earthquake-tsunami coupled simulations of large
M>8 earthquakes in Tohoku-like subduction zone, we tested
for which conditions the instantaneous source (IS) and/or the shallow
water (SW) approximations can be used to simulate with enough accuracy
the whole tsunami evolution. We used as a reference a time-dependent
(TD), multi-layer, non-hydrostatic (NH) model whose source features,
duration, and size, are based on seismic rupture dynamic simulations
with realistic stress drop and rigidity, within a Tohoku-like
environment.

We showed that slow ruptures, generating slip in shallow part of
subduction slabs (e.g. tsunami earthquakes), and very large events, with
an along-dip extension comparable with the trench-coast distance (e.g.
mega-thrust) require a TD-NH modelling, in particular when the
bathymetry close to the coast features sharp depth gradients.
Conversely, deeper, higher stress-drop events can be accurately modelled
through an IS-SW approximation. We finally showed to what extent
inundation depend on bathymetric geometrical features: (i) steeper
bathymetries generate larger inundations and (ii) a resonant mechanism
emerges with run-up amplifications associated with larger source size on
flatter bathymetries.
Institutional governance of biomass in relation to global health among farmers in Madagascar
Authors:   Mention AT2D-ESSA, Université d’Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar, Razanakoto Onjaherilanto Rakotovao , Temple Ludovic ,   UMR Innovation Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
Published: January 2024

In order to ensure its livelihoods, as many other all over the world, the population of Madagascar is increasing the pressure on resources, and in particular, on local biomass. This study examines how institutions are acting in the governance of biomass regarding to its potential impacts on global health. Thirty semi-structured interviews and twelve focus groups involving farmers and local institutional leaders were conducted in two disparate Communes near the capital Antananarivo. The purpose of these discussions was to gather information linking global health to the life of agrarian communities. As achievement of the methodological deployment, a mapping of institutions was set, showing the coexistence in the Malagasy highlands of traditional institutions: the household (ankohonana), the community (fokonolona) and the state (fanjakana), and new ones: the decentralised collectivity or Commune, religious communities and private enterprises or firms. Households, even though as mostly agrarian, are the most active in the production, consumption and transfer of biomass. However, their decision-making aptitude on biomass governance can be influenced by the authority of the state as a provider of public policies or by the holders of financial means as firms that favour certain productions over others. The activities of the interacting institutions maintain the power relations between them more than they preserve the regenerative capacity of biomass, the main source of well-being for agrarian societies.
Phenotypic diversity assessment of Moroccan loquat using multiple correspondence analysis
Authors: Kabiri Ghizlane , Kodad Oussama , Hernandez Francisca , Lachkham Fatima , Ennahli Said , Hanine Hafida
Published: January 2024

The loquat fruit has a very important commercial value due to its benefits
for human health. However, there is very limited scientific research on this
species in Morocco. In this regard, a set of 35 genotypes was collected from
the Zegzel valley (Berkane). The phenotypic variability was evaluated using
nine traits related to fruit and leaf. The results revealed a coefficient of
variation ranging from 13.02 to 42.21%, implying a large phenotypic
variation in Moroccan loquat, especially for the characteristics associated
to the fruit shape. Regarding the multiple correspondence analysis, the
first two axes explained 62.57% of the total variance. The major traits that
made it possible to distinguish between the genotypes were those related to
fruit size. Therefore, the Mekerkba genotype in the Zegzel region is not a
single variety, but rather genotypes with a round fruit shape. In addition,
the 35 genotypes studied were divided into three main groups regardless of
their geographical origin. The results indicate that the geographical
proximity did not play an important role in the structure of genotypes,
implying a weak adaptation of the genotypes to the environment. The findings
of this study could be used in conventional breeding and in situ
conservation programs for Moroccan loquat.
Musical life of Sremska Mitrovica in socialist Yugoslavia (1945−1991): Preliminary research
Authors: Tanasijevic Jasna
Published: January 2024

The musical life of Sremska Mitrovica during the period of socialist
Yugoslavia is viewed in the light of tripartite division into serious, folk
and popular music. Within this division, the diversity of musical events is
determined by the legacy of cultural distance between different social
classes, but is not explicitly marked by the relationship between art music
and other genres which do not reach their aesthetic rank. In addition to
serious music, the main area of musical life in Sremska Mitrovica during
Yugoslav socialism comprised folk music in the form of an urbanized,
institutionalized and festivalized folklore tradition, as well as popular
music based on the naturalization of global mass musical culture.
Assessment of Relationship between Clinical Manifestation of Chiari Malformation Type I and Volumetric Measurement of Cerebellar Tonsils Herniation within Foramen Magnum
Authors: E Shingiro
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Chiari malformation type I (CMI) is diagnosis based on clinical and radiological measurement of cerebellar tonsils herniation of 5mm or more below the foramen magnum (FM). The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between clinical presentation of CMI and cerebellar tonsils herniation measured in 3dimensions (3D), cerebellar tonsils volume and T/F volume ratio (cerebellar tonsils volume/foramen magnum). Methods: The study included 96 patients with CMI based on study sample size and power calculation.3D measurement of cerebellar tonsils was made, the volume of cerebellar tonsils was calculated using ellipsoid volume formula. The transverse diameter of FM measured and the volume of FM calculated using sphere formula. We computed non-parametric statistical tests and hypothesis testing to analyze correlation and variation of cerebellar tonsils measurements, cerebellar tonsils volume, and T/F volume ratio in relation to severity of myelopathy using mJOA (modified Japanese Orthopedics association) score and headache severity using NRS (Numerical Rate Score). Results: The finding showed a correlation between myelopathy severity and the volume of herniated cerebellar tonsils as well as correlation between myelopathy severity and T/F volume ratio (Cerebellar tonsil volume/Foramen magnum volume). There was also correlation between headache severity and cerebellar tonsil volume as well as T/F volume ratio. Conclusion: Consideration of both clinical presentation and radiological measurement in assessment of CMI is crucial, rather than considering only cut off of 5 mm descent of cerebellar tonsils herniation in midsaggital view. Cerebellar tonsils volume and T/F volume ratio are the indicators of severity of myelopathy and headache severity as shown in the study
Improvement of Glucose Intolerance in Asian-Type Diabetes Model Mice Using Pentadecyl, Pentadecanoic Acid-Based Triglyceride
Authors: Tomizawa Kazuhito
Published: January 2024

Even-chain saturated fatty acid concentrations are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, whereas oddchain saturated fatty acid concentrations, such as pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0), are associated with a decreased risk. Similarly, even-chain saturated fatty acids are positively associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), whereas odd-chain saturated fatty acids are thought to be inversely associated with T2D. We purified pentadecyl, pentadecanoic acidbased triglycerides from Aurantiochytrium limacinum, a type of marine microalgae, and demonstrated the effect of pentadecyl on insulin secretion both in vitro and in vivo. Pentadecyl increased the cell viability of immortalized mouse pancreatic beta cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced high glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the cells. Pancreatic beta cellspecific CDKAL1-deficient mice, a model of Asian-type T2D, were given pentadecyl with a low- or high-fat diet for 9 weeks, and glucose tolerance tests were performed. Pentadecyl improved the glucose intolerance of the mice and decreased the expressions of ER stress-related genes in the islets of the mice. These results suggest that pentadecyl can improve insulin secretion through the reduction of ER stress in patients with Asian-type T2D.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Healthcare Provider’s Regarding Physical Activity during Pregnancy
Authors: Rafat Dalia
Published: January 2024

Objective: To assess knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practices of healthcare providers (HCP) regarding physical activity (PA) during pregnancy. Methodology: A convenient sample of 132 HCP, including General Practitioners, Obstetricians/Gynaecologists and Registered Nurses participated in this cross sectional, descriptive study. Data pertaining to their knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding PA during pregnancy was collected using interviewer-administered 36 item questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and frequency tables were calculated and compared for the responses. Result: Overall 97% of participants believed that PA during pregnancy is beneficial but 58.3% agreed that advising patients regarding PA during pregnancy is not a major component of their antenatal care and 63.5% doesn’t include any individualized recommendation on exercise for pregnant women. Although HCPs beliefs and attitude responses were largely positive regarding exercise in pregnancy however there was misalignment between the published recommendations and clinical practice. Conclusion: HCPs can serve an important role in women's health behaviours through promotion of physical activity adherence during and after pregnancy by providing appropriate advice and counselling regarding PA during pregnancy. The current study found that HCPs lacked adequate knowledge and awareness of the optimal PA during pregnancy and were unable to provide proper counselling for the same despite of majority of them having positive belief and attitude towards PA during pregnancy. In order to effectively promote prenatal PA in clinical or community settings, more research is required to study the PA prescription and counselling practices of HCPs and knowledge of challenges impeding successful delivery of the aforementioned.
An Ergonomic Investigation of Musculoskeletal Strain in Laundry Ironers
Authors: R Singh
Published: January 2024

The laundry business in India is especially vulnerable to work-related Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD) due to a variety of variables such as ironing, awkward postures, repetitive duties, and so on. The goal of this case study is to investigate the severity of Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD) among Indian laundry Ironers. Laundry Ironers in the laundry business are increasingly vocal about their dissatisfaction with musculoskeletal problems. The purpose of this research study was to identify the areas that are dangerous for a professional washing clothes over the whole work cycle. Furthermore, it throws light on the workplace-related issues encountered by Laundry Ironers as a result of existing laundry methods and equipment, particularly when considering the environment and equipment used. This research includes a wide range of these laundry houses, as well as their economic position and ratings of the working conditions they offer. The postural evaluations were carried out using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), methodologies for measuring and comparing ergonomic risk factors associated with a person's employment. The findings and results from this study were used to examine workplace-related dangers for professionals involved in every step of ironing clothes. These findings were also applied to design suggestions and actions to enhance workplace ergonomics and appropriateness.
Creating the Next Generation Human 2n=44 from Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: FK Dehghan
Published: January 2024

A robertsonian translocation does not always produce harmful results. In fact, many mutations are impartial, and some even reach useful traits. For instance, if balanced carriers are parents 13/21 or 14 /21 or 15/21. This is the start of the new generation of human 2n=44 using In vitro fertilization (IVF). In the chromosomes balanced human 14/21 is relatively prevalent. With the proliferation of the cells, 3-type offspring create Second Human Species as follows: Carriers of balanced parents: 45, XY t (13 /21) X 45 XX t (13/21) → Type 1 - human 2n=44. Carriers of balanced parents: 45, XY t (14 /21) X 45 XX t (14/21) → Type 2 - human 2n=44. Carriers of balanced parents: 45, XY t (15 /21) X 45 XX t (15/21) → Type 3 - human 2n=44. Our study suggested that chromosomal evolution is from a chromosomal fusion, playing a significant role in decreasing the ancestral diploid number to the range of values currently seen.
The Role of Poly(A) Tail Modification of mRNA in the Embryogenesis
Authors: Yu Fan
Published: January 2024

Eukaryotic gene expression can be exquisite tuned at various levels, especially at the mRNA level. There are over 100 kinds of chemical modifications identified on mRNA. Poly(A) tail are high conserved and ubiquitous modifications, which regulated by poly(A) polymerases and deadenylases. Poly(A) tail affect the mRNA stability, translation efficacy, and abundance. As an essential stage of life – embryogenesis, poly(A) tail exerts a vast influence with dynamic length. In this review, we summarize the effect of poly(A) tail on early embryogenesis and provide the potential mechanism.