bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Some Organic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Kalbani Fatimah Obaid Saeed Ali , Salem Mohammed A. , Cheruth Abdul J. , Kurup Shyam S. , Senthilkumar A.
Published: October 2022

In the present study, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of some organic fertilizers on four varieties of tomato viz., Sadia F1, Isabella F1, Lelord and Sun cherry for its growth, yield and fruits sensory. A total of 64 plots were prepared with the dimension of 3 m2 x 4 m2 and each plot was applied with recommended doses of organic fertilizers. The results on the growth parameters of the studied tomato varieties showed that the chicken manure had the significant effect on plant height and root length of Isabella F1, leaf area of sun cherry, root fresh and dry weight and of Lelord, leaves fresh and dry weight of Sadia F1. Whereas, shoot fresh and dry weight of Isabella tomato variety was increased when treated with mixed manure. Agro fish pellet treatment had increased the stem diameter of Isabella F1 significantly. The number of flowers and fruits of sun cherry tomato variety were increased when treated with agro fish pellet. Agro fish also influenced the fruits number in Sadia F1 and fruit yield of lelord followed by Isabella F1 respectively. The sensory evaluation of the fruits of studied tomato varieties revealed that chicken manure had good result on the overall quality of the fruits of Sadia F1 and Sun cherry. Agro fish pellet and mixed manure has influenced the overall quality of Isabella F1 and Lelord variety tomato fruits.
Structural Geology of the Basement Complex Rocks in Iwaraja Area, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Adeoti Blessing , Okonkwo Chukwuemeka Tony
Published: October 2022

The geological and structural evolution assessment of the Basement Complex rocks in Iwaraja area, southwestern Nigeria showed that the basement rocks comprise quartzites and quartz-schists of the Effon Psammite Formation, quartz-mica schists, biotite schists, migmatitic gneisses, granitic gneisses, late and post-tectonic granitic rocks including pegmatites, which have been subjected to two phases of deformation. The first phase is mainly a fabric forming deformation that also led to the development of moderately plunging mineral lineation. No minor fold of this phase was recognized. The second deformation phase gave rise to the development of Iwaraja (ductile) shear zone. Mylonitic foliation is sub-vertical and steeply dipping and while the mineral lineation is sub-horizontal and shallowly plunging. Within granitic gneiss mylonites, the shear zone is characterised by early and late open to tight folds of pegmatite dykes. Adjacent the shear zone, ptygmatic folds of quartzo-feldspathic veins in gneisses and crenulated cleavages that overprinted earlier schistosity surfaces in the quartz-mica schist also characterised this deformation phase. Extensional fractures in the various lithologies generally show bimodal orientations mainly in the WNW-ESE and NW-SE directions, which are nearly perpendicular to the regional metamorphic foliations. These deformation conditions depict structural features that are associated with internal zones of orogenic belts. Within the study area, the structures document late-Precambrian deformation during the closing stages of Pan-African orogenesis.
Documentation of Tribal’s Traditional Knowledge of Medicinal Plants from Renlagadda Thanda, Kodangal Mandal, Mahabubnagar Dist, Telangana, India
Authors: Shivakumar S.P. , Rajender Singh
Published: October 2022

The aim of this report is giving the importance in need of ground leveal documentation of medicinal plants, their ingrediants and usage. To be effort has been made to evaluate plants used for medicare by the tribal people of Renla Gadda Thanda, Kodangal mandal, Mahabubnagar Dist, Telangana. Due to be deficient in of modern healthcare facilities and poor economic conditions, the tribal people of the Thanda fully depend on in the vicinity available medicinal plants for their healthcare needs. In the present report a total of 24 ethnomedicinal plants from 23 genus and 24 species occupied 18 families were recorded. The thorough information i.e., Usage, to be treated disorder, Parts used recorded. This is a first report from the Renlagadda Thanda of Kodangal mandal. The study area having wealthy in medicinal plants flora and tribal communities with latest usages. Documentation of traditional knowledge on medicinal plants from the village or thanda level is the elementary and necessary samples for novel medication.
Proteomics of E.coli Nissle 1917 in Responce to Cocos nucifera sap and Wine
Authors: Chandrasekhar K. , Pramoda Kumari J.
Published: October 2022

In the present study, we described the protein profile experimentally by 2D-PAGE and MALDI analysis to understand the stress mechanisms of cocoti sap and wine on E.coli Nissle 1917. We isolated one newly expressed protein from cocoti wine treated gel which is not present in both control and cocoti sap treated sample i.e. P21 prophage-derived head-stabilizing proteinVG03_ECOL6 (3n1) also called as Head protein gp3. This protein mainly activities related to the viral life cycle. It helps to attach the viral gene into host. The growth rate was delayed in cocoti wine treated E.coli Nissle 1917 when compared to control and cocoti sap treated samples. Stress mechanism induce many proteins they are involved in metabolic process, hydrolase activity, lyase activity, quinone binding, phosphotransferase system, carbohydrate metabolism, DNA binding, DNA repair, transferase activity, oxidoreductase, purine metabolism, transcription anti-termination, transcription regulation and other related activities.We proved that the predicted protein structure quality, resolution, density and error plot values by QMEAN analysis. Based on these results, only two differentially expressed proteins under sap stress showed that the significant results, which were N-acetylgalactosamine-specific phosphotransferase enzyme IIB component 1, PTPB1_ECOLI and DinI-like protein Z3305/ECs2939 in prophage CP-933VDINI1_ECO57. In case of wine stress, the differentially expressed proteins were Transcription anti-termination protein RFAH- ECO57 NusA and PUR7-eco24- phosphoribosylamidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase showed significant results. ProtParam analysis indicating that the multiple physico-chemical characters of differentially expressed proteins were differed and compared. The phylogenetic tree represents the relationship in-between the differentially expressed proteins, were showed siblings (related) as well as monophytic clade.
Remediation of Mild Crude Oil Polluted Fresh Water Wet Land with Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer
Authors: Ibe Francis Chizoruo , Ibe Bridget Onyekachi , Ikpa Chinyere Benardette Chinaka , Eneldoh Magaret Chinyelue
Published: October 2022

Wetland pollution due to inputs from crude oil is one of the most prevalent environmental problems facing the aquatic ecosystem in the world. The present study was intended to investigate the effectiveness of combination of cow lumen and NPK fertilizer in stimulating the degradation of crude oil polluted fresh water wet land. Soil samples were collected from unpolluted plots, crude oil polluted plots and crude oil polluted plots that were treated with the remediating agents. After fifteen days and sixty days of remediation, the soil samples were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (E.C), phosphate, PO3-4, phosphorous, P, % organic carbon, % total nitrogen N, carbon/nitrogen ratio and total petroleum hydrocarbon, TPH. The result indicates that combination of the inorganic and organic manure was more efficient in stimulating the degradation of the crude oil than the use of either the cow lumen or NPK fertilizer alone. The physiochemical properties of the soil in all the treated plots were observed to have been improved when compared with that of the untreated plots.
Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Nepeta nuda subsp. Albiflora
Authors: Teber İbrahim , Bursal Ercan
Published: October 2022

Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Nepeta nuda subsp. albiflora Boiss. were reported in this study. The ethanol and water extracts of Nepeta nuda subsp. albiflora were prepared and used for biochemical analyses. Antioxidant capacities of the extracts were evaluated by three different in vitro bioanalytical methods including a reducing antioxidant method and two radical scavenging antioxidant methods. The water and ethanol extracts of the plant sample were found to have effective antioxidant potentials. Phenolic content of Nepeta nuda subsp. albiflora was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Rosmarinic acid (182.0±4.5 µg/g), apigenin (84.5±57.6 µg/g), and quercetin (44.5±62.9 µg/g) were identified as major compounds in the ethanol extract of the plant sample. This study has a potential scientific base for further studies about Nepeta nuda subsp. albiflora related to plant biochemistry and plant based pharmacological industry.
Effect of Environmental and Nutritional Parameters on the Extracellular Lipase Production by Aspergillus niger
Authors: El-Batal Ahmed I. , Farrag Ayman A. , Elsayed Mohamed A. , El-Khawaga Ahmed M.
Published: October 2022

Abstract- The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of different growth conditions on lipase production byAspegillus niger. The extracellular lipase producing fungus was isolated from spent bleaching earths. Optimization of physical and chemical parameters was done for maximum lipase production using this isolate. Growth of the organism and lipase production were measured usig varying pH (4 – 9), incubation temperature (20 – 30 °C), incubation time (8 – 80 hrs.), carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and shaking speed. Enhanced lipase production was observed at 24 °C, pH 7 and after 72hrs of incubation. Olive oil 5 % was observed as the most effective carbon source and Yeast extract 1.0 % as the most effective nitrogen source for lipase production. The optimum shaking value to get maximum lipase activity byAspergillusnigerwas 200 rpm.
Effect of Municipal Solid Waste on Bacteria Population in Soil
Authors: Okpoitari Simeon P. , Binaebi Ambah
Published: October 2022

The effect of municipal solid waste on bacteria (Heterotrophic bacteria & Nitrobacteria) population was determine by collecting 50g sample’s of various dumpsites, put in 2 kg buckets soil and kept in the green house to mimic the natural environment for six (6) weeks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (L.S.D) were effected on the data at 5 % probability level. The analysis shows significant effect, this seem to suggest that municipal solid waste influences Heterotrophic bacteria and Nitrobacter population in soils.
Reproductive Biology and Quantity Evaluation of the Black-Striped Pipefish Syngnathus abaster (Eichwald, 1831) in the Zaporozhian Reservoir
Authors: Fedonenko Olena , Marenkov Oleg M. , Stromenko Anna , Kolesnik Natalia
Published: October 2022

The article presents the results of biology and ecology studies about the black-striped pipefish Syngnathus abaster (Eichwald, 1831) in the Zaporozhian Reservoir. Quantity and biomass of fish fingerlings and yearlings in different parts of the reservoir was determined. For the first time the reproductive indicators of pipefish in Zaporozhian Reservoir were investigated: the timing of spawning, fish fertility analysis, information on the number of embryos in the brood chamber of males were shown.
Phytochemical Screening of Justicia simplex D. Don a Valuable Medicinal Plant Extract against Dental Pathogens
Authors: Eswari M. Geetha , Rathi R. Lakshmi , Harini J. , Aruna R. , Balakrishnan V.
Published: October 2022

The plant Justicia simplex D.Don is traditional herb, people used it in different diseases, they treat fever and burning of the body, strengthen the lungs, the teeth and stop vomiting. The plant exhibited more promising bacterial activity against various microorganisms. Hence, in the present study this plant is also tested against the dental pathogens. The plant was extracted from four different solvents was tested for the presence of phytochemicals in it. After analyzing, its antimicrobial activity is tested against fungi and bacteria. Then a dental carrier Streptococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which was collected from the K.S.R. Institute for Dental Science and Research. The isolates were used to check the activity against Justicia simplex D.Don. Based on the positive result obtained against various analyses, it is formulated successfully into a tooth paste. The present study on Phytochemical screening of Justicia simplex D.Don a valuable medicinal plant extract against Dental pathogens enables the use of this plant for the formulation of tooth powder against dental pathogens. The result is more effective against dental pathogens by herbal tooth powder
Relationship between Nematodes and some Soil Properties in the Rhizosphere of Banana Plants
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Amal Ahmed Mohammed
Published: October 2022

Nematodes are plant-parasitic organisms that cause alterations in the chemical and physical environment of soils. This study investigates the relationship between nematode occurrence and some soil parameters. The results showed that the proportion of nematodes in soil was negatively correlated with soil pH (r2= 0.89); however, it increased with increasing electrical conductivity (EC) (r2 = 0.95), soil moisture (SM) (r2 = 0.60), and organic matter (OM) content (r2= 0.78). A positive correlation was found between the proportion of nematodes in the roots and the amount of coarse sand, while a negative correlation existed between the proportion of nematodes and the amount of fine sand, clay, and silt. The degree of colonization by nematodes increased with increasing coarse sand content (r2= 0.91). Conversely, the soil nematode population decreased with increasing fine sand content (r2= 0.83), clay (r2= 0.80), and silt content (r2= 0.97). The nematode population in banana roots correlated with soil phosphorus (r2 = 0.88), potassium (r2 = 69), calcium (r2 = 0.78), and magnesium levels (r2=0.78). Conversely, a negative correlation was found between nitrogen concentration and the nematode population in banana roots (r2=0.76). Overall, the population of nematodes in soil affects its pH, EC, SM, and OM content.
Natural Treatment of Woolen Processing Industry Wastewater
Authors: Qurashi Sajid , Sahu O.P.
Published: October 2022

Wastewater treatment is becoming ever more critical due to diminishing water resources, increasing wastewater disposal costs, and stricter discharge regulations that have lowered permissible contaminant levels in waste streams. The ultimate goal of wastewater management is the protection of the environment in a manner commensurate with public health and socio-economic concerns. The aim of our study is to use natural occurring plant (Pistia stratiotes) to reduce the chemical oxygen demand and color from the industrial waste water. It was found that 120 mg/l of Chemical oxygen demand and 85 mg/l of color reduction was observed with Pistia stratiotes.
Seasonal Variation and Bacteriological Pollution of River Amba of Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Haruna M.K. , Olusi T.A. , Wali A.S.
Published: October 2022

The quality of Amba River in Nasarawa State in the North Central Nigeria was investigated for a period of one year covering dry and rainy season. Water samples were collected from four different locations (Gandu, Wadatan-Waje, Kofan-Kaura and Unguwan-Galadima) along the river course and analyzed for Bacteriological parameter, using standard methods. The results indicated seasonal variation in coliform population with higher values at Wadatan-waje and Unguwan-galadima during rainy season. The values obtained for coliform on the average for the two seasons were beyond the maximum acceptable standard set by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2004) for drinking water. Thus, settlers along the River should be enlightened on the danger of consuming untreated water from the River. Also, measures at regulating the pollution of the River should be taken for a healthy and vibrant community.
The Small-Scale Variation of Herb-Layer Community Structure in a Riparian Mixed Forest
Authors: Zhukova Yuliia , Demchuk Nataliia , Yorkina Nadiya , Dubinina Yulia , Ganzha Dmytro , Bezugla Liudmila , Ilchenko Tetiana
Published: October 2022

The role of spatial variables, soil properties and overstorey structure in spatial variation of the herb-layer community in a riparian mixed forest was shown. The research were conducted in the "Dnipro-Orils’kiy" Nature Reserve (Ukraine). The research polygon was laid in a forest in the floodplain of the River Protich, which is a left inflow of the River Dnipro. Plant abundance was quantified by measuring cover within experimental polygon. The experimental polygon consisted of 7 transects and each transect was made up of 15 test points. The distance between rows in the site was 3 m. At the site we established a plot of 45×21 m, with 105 subplots of 3×3 m organized in a regular grid. Vascular plant species lists were recorded for each 3×3 m subplot along with visual estimates of species cover projection. The plant community was represented by 43 species, of which 18.6% were phanerophytes, 39.5% were hemikriptophytes, 9.3% were therophytes, 7.0% were geophytes. An overall test of random labelling revealed the total nonrandom distribution of the tree stems within the site. Constrained correspondence analysis (CCA) was applied as ordination approach. The forward selection procedure allowed us to select 6 soil variables, which explain 28.3% of the herb-layer community variability. The list of the important soil variables includes soil mechanical impedance (at the depth 0–5, 30–35, 75–80, and 95–10 cm), soil moisture, and soil bulk density. The variation explained by pure spatial variables is equal to 11.0 %. The majority of the tree-distance structured variation in plant community composition was broad-scaled. The significant relationship was found between the pure spatial component of the community variation and a lot of phytoindicator estimations of which the variability of damping and humidity were of the greatest importance. Trees stand was demonstrated to be a considerable factor structuring both the herb-layer community and spatial variation of the physical properties of soil.
Toxicity of Bisphenol a on Humans: A Review
Authors: Preethi S. , Sandhya K. , Lebonah D. Esther , Prasad C. Venkata , Sreedevi B. , Chandrasekhar K. , Kumari J. Pramoda
Published: October 2022

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a plastic ingredient produced in large quantities for use primarily in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. The present review focused on different mechanisms of BPA on human health in enzymatic, androgenic, neurological, liver and reproductive systems. The review explained the influence of BPA on different stages of human life likely in foetal stage, children and adults stages. The review also concentrated on how to handle BPA, treatment, preventive measures against BPA exposure
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk
Authors: Selvamani S. , Balamurugan S.
Published: October 2022

The antibacterial activity of Eclipta alba against three gram positive and five gram negative bacterial strains was investigated. The fresh whole plants were collected from Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu. Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts at different concentrations (1, 2, 5, 10 mg/ml) were used to investigate the antibacterial activity. NCCL standards were strictly followed to perform antibacterial disc susceptibility test using disc diffusion method. The extracts showed varying degree of inhibitory potential against all the tested bacteria. Methanol extract of the plant had higher inhibitory action against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas fluroescens.
Ecophysiological and Biochemical Changes in Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench under Chromium Stress
Authors: Unnikannan P. , Vedhanarayanan P. , Sundaramoorthy P.
Published: October 2022

Increasing concentrations of chromium caused reduction in growth, chlorophyll contents and mineral mutrients of bhendhi. At increasing concentrations of chromium, all the attributes were found to be reduced. Chromium is one of the toxic elements discharging from tannery industry. The long disposal of tannery effluent to the agricultural land causes serious damages in the soil texture; reduce the growth of microorganisms and agricultural crops. Large areas of Vellore district of Tamilnadu was seriously affected by the tannery effluent irrigation to the agricultural land. The present study was conducted to identify the phytotoxic effect and physiological changes of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench under the treatment of different concentrations of chromium solutions (2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/l). The result shows that there was a gradual reduction in the morphological parameters (root length, shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight). Similarly the photosynthetic pigments (Chlorophyll and carotenoid) and biochemical parameters such as protein, amino acid, and sugars were also gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of chromium.
Zero Waste: An Innovation for Less Polluting Emission Processes, Resource Management Practices and Policies
Authors: Ekanem C.H. , Ekanem H.E. , Eyenaka F.D. , Isaiah E.A.
Published: October 2022

The rising levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the Earth’s atmosphere have the potential to cause changes in our climate. Some of these emission increases can be traced directly to solid waste. Landfills are among the largest emitters of carbon dioxide and methane, the key GHGs. Thus, effective mitigation of these emissions through formalization of waste reduction into the waste management system to reduce land filling could provide environmental benefits of reducing the adverse impacts of climate change. This paper therefore proposes waste prevention and recycling-jointly referred to as waste reduction as better and most potent strategies for the management of solid waste and for reducing greenhouse gases and calls on both the government and private agencies to check or control the increasing pollution or abuse of the environment by enforcing compliance with the laid out Policies, Pronouncements, Regulations and enacted Legislation especially in the developing countries. The study concludes that by choosing to prevent waste and recycle, less waste will be generated, the need for landfill will be minimal, energy demand will decrease, fewer fossil fuels will be burned and less methane and carbon dioxide will be emitted to the atmosphere which helps to curb climate change.
Bioremediation of Spent Engine Oil Contaminated Soil by Using Fungus, Penicillium sp.
Authors: Umana Etim Johnson , Akwaji Patrick Ishoro , Markson Aniedi Abasi Akpan
Published: October 2022

This study investigated the ability ofPenicillium sp.to bio-remediate spent engine oil contaminated soil bothin vitroandin vivo. In thein vitroassay, mycelium of a seven day old culture ofPenicillium sp. grown on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) was punched out using a 0.5mm Cork borer and inoculated on the centre of Petri dishes containing the spent and unspent engine oil and incubated for seven days and daily reading of the mycelia growth obtained using a metre rule. For thein vivoassay, soil received 0 (control), 20/180, 40/360, 60/540, 80/720 and 100ml/900mm concentrations/treatments (inoculation with mycelium ofPenicillium sp.). Seeds ofTelfeira occidentaliswas sown on the soil and assessed for growth performance (plant height, leaf area (using a metre rule) and leaf count (number of leaves) for 7, 14, 21 and 28 Days after Planting (DAP). Results of thein vitroassay showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the growth diameter ofPenicillium sp.relative to control. Results of thein vivoassay showed that spent engine oil had no significant effect (p<0.05) on the growth performance ofT. occidentalisat 7, 14, 21 and 28 DAP and on fresh and dry weight (g) 28 DAP relative to control. After 28 days of plant growth, the added spent engine oil was no longer detected. The plant began producing pods 61 DAP. This study showed thatPenicillium sp. can biodegrade hydrocarbons present in spent engine oil and as such is a good tool for bioremediation.
Isolating Wine Yeasts that are Specific to the Apold Region and Identifying them through RFLP Genetic Methods
Authors: Lengyel Ecaterina
Published: October 2022

The present study aims at isolating, identifying and selecting autochthonous wine yeast strains with a view to establish a crop bank specific to the Apold area. 569 wine yeast strains were isolated during the alcoholic fermentation of must from the Apold area, 458 were identified through cultural methods and with the help of the API 20 C AUX test (Biomeriux, France). Six yeast strains (A87, A169, A296, A314, A132 and A413) were genetically identified through the PCR-ITS RFLP method of the 5.8S-ITS segment; the resulting four strains were Saccharomyces cerevisiae - A87, A169, A296, A314 - and two Saccharomyces bayanus strains - A132 și A413. The strains we identified constitute a base for the multiplication of indigenous species with a view to obtain authentic wines that are typical to their area of origin.
Trend of Arsenic Pollution and Subsequent Bioaccumulation in Oryza sativa and Corchorus capsularis in Bengal Delta
Authors: Bhattacharya Sayan , Guha Gunjan , Gupta Kaushik , Chattopadhyay Dhrubajyoti , Mukhopadhyay Aniruddha , Ghosh Uday Chand
Published: October 2022

Oryza sativa Linn. (rice) and Corchorus capsularis Linn. (jute) are the two major crops of the Bengal basin. Both rice and jute are generally grown in submerged flooded conditions, where arsenic bioavailability is high in soil. The consumers of the edible parts from both plants therefore face an inevitable source of exposure to arsenic, with consequent accumulation and toxicity. The objective of the study was to observe the in-vivo temporal variation of arsenic bioaccumulation in the different parts of O. sativa and C. capsularis. Rice plant specimens (Aman rice, Ratna variety) of different age groups (1, 2 and 3 months old) were analyzed in HG-AAS for absorbed arsenic content in different parts. The accumulation of arsenic remained significantly high in the initial phase of growth, but decreased with time. Amount of arsenic bioaccumulation followed the decreasing order: root > basal stem > median stem > apical stem > leaves > grains in all the three age groups of the rice plant samples. C. capsularis followed a trend of arsenic bioaccumulation similar to O. sativa. O. sativa had more accumulation potential than C. capsularis, but C. capsularis showed much higher efficiency of arsenic translocation in the above ground parts. This is the first ever report of time-dependent decrease in arsenic bioaccumulation in O. sativa and C. capsularis. The contamination level can reach the grain part in significant amount and can cause health hazards in more severely arsenic affected areas. Intensive investigation on a complete food chain is urgently needed in the arsenic contaminated zones for further risk assessments.
Tourism Potential and Rural Tourism: A Case Study of the Municipality of Andrijevica
Authors: Rajović Goran , Bulatović Jelisavka
Published: October 2022

The paper analyses tourism potential and rural tourism of the Municipality of Andrijevica. Existing tourism and recreation supply is not sufficiently developed and affirmed nor organized and connected both within the scope of the Municipality and with the neighbouring municipalities. One of the prerequisites for tourism development might be good transport infrastructure. However, in the territory of the Municipality of Andrijevica is not adequate. On the territory of the Municipality of Andrijevica, natural and anthropogenic values are distinguished group deployment and characteristics of complexity and complementarily. Natural values are particularly come to the fore, if we know that modern tourism trends emphasize the value of untouched nature. Marketing affirmation of the Municipality of Andrijevica is one of the most important processes that represent a momentum for its tourism development. In this sense, all kinds of tourism propaganda must be enhanced, which affirmed the value of tourism (for example the eco-pasture Štavna), which would lead to a more comprehensive tourism development that would provide a profitable economic performance. Particularly it is very important to encourage and support rapid development of economic activities in rural areas and development of human resources. Furthermore, the economic progress and independence rural settlements of the Municipality of Andrijevica must be improved in accordance with the ecological principles and sustainable development in rural development. In finding a new identity and direction of development of the rural economy, the Municipality of Andrijevica must accept new trends in Europe and the countries that have been through a period of transition, in terms of adapting and complementing so far the role of villages and rural areas within diversified supply and the introduction of tourism as one the essential activities. Such guidelines already exist in spatial and urban plans of the Municipality of Andrijevica, starting as of 2010
Ethnomedicinal and Ecological Studies of some Weeds in Sugarcane Fields of Villupuram District
Authors: Dhanam S.
Published: October 2022

The present communication pertains to ethnobotany of major weeds of sugarcane fields in Villupuram district, Tamil Nadu. Present study was conducted in ten selected sites of Villupuram district in the sugarcane crop fields. Random quadrate method was adopted for studying phytosociological attributes of weeds. A total of 80 plant species belonging to 25 families were identified, out of which 46 plant species are medicinally important to cure different diseases in human beings directly. Amaranthaceae and Euphorbiaceae was the dominant family seen during observation. Frequency, Relative frequency, Density and Relative density of the species were calculated.
Application of Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in Food Biotechnology - Momordica charantia Lin
Authors: Verma Vishwa Nath
Published: October 2022

Momordica charactia lin ( Bitter melon) has been the interest of many studies by researchers for a long time due to its very interesting human beneficial properties. It belongs to cucurbitacea family and momordica genus. It is used by human consumption all over the world in different forms such as a vegetable and /or medicine. The researchers have concentrated on the studies on its fruits and some times on its seeds and leaves. The present study is an extensive investigation of the quantitative elements such as Ca, Cd ,Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Zn, K, N, and P of the fruit-skin, fruit-flesh, fruit-seed, tissue skin, leaf and root of the momordica charantia lin using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The result shows a quite good variation of the concentration of the elements in different part of the plant.
Some Blood Biochemical Changes in Response to Saline Exposure in the Fresh Water Fish, Notopterus notopterus (Pallas)
Authors: Kavya K.S. , Kulkarni R.S. , Jadesh M.
Published: October 2022

The changes in some blood biochemical parameters were studied in the freshwater fish N. notopterus under saline exposure for a longer period of 30 days. The blood biochemical parameters are glucose, protein, triglycerides and cholesterol. All these parameters exhibited increased level except of blood glucose which remained unchanged as observed after the termination of saline exposure. Thus it indicates that although fish survives and able to tolerate extreme saline condition as there was no mortality during the exposure period. The increase of blood biochemical parameters can be considered as a kind of saline stress response particularly on lipid derivatives.
Bioelectrical Activity of the Amygdala of Rats under Conditions of Chronic Alcoholism and Imbalance of Nitric Oxide
Authors: Severynovska Olena , Babicheva Viktoriia , Galinskiiy Alexey , Rudenko Anatoliy , Bogatyreva Olga , Boyko Matthew
Published: October 2022

Evaluation of biopotentials in the region of the amygdala of rats in the combined influence of alcohol and drugs, causing an imbalance of nitric oxide is described in this paper. Chronic alcoholism leads to structural morphological changes in the liver. A study of the amplitude of electrical activity showed that the electrical potential in the amygdala after 8 weeks chronic alcoholism was lower compared with normal rats. The frequency spectrum analysis showed decreased in the 2 times or more absolute spectral powers of all components. The relative spectral powers of its components: δ: θ: α: β was as a 2: 2: 2: 4.
The use of sodium nitroprusside (donator of NO) together with the chronic consumption of ethanol reduces the effect of ethanol on low and high-frequence portion the performance of the bioelectrical activities spectrum in the amygdala. The use of non-selective blocker of NO-synthase – nitroarginine aggravated by the braking action of alcohol. The important role of nitric oxide in the development of adaptive-compensatory reactions of the damaged body is described. Our results may be useful to assess the contribution of NO in operation amygdala, conditions of chronic pathologies, and treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions, including diseases caused by alcohol abuse.
LC Determination and Stability Assessment of Macrolide Antibiotics Azithromycin and Spiramycin in Bulk and Tablet Samples
Authors: Mahmoudi Abdelghani
Published: October 2022

Development and validation of rapid HPLC method for quantifying macrolide antibiotics azithromycin (AZI) and spiramycin (SPI) in bulk and tablet samples is described. Determination was performed on a reversed phase C18 ODB column (250×4.6 nm I.D) at ambient temperature, and employing a UV-detection set at 210 nm. The mobile phase consists of acetonitrile –2-methyl-2-propanol–hydrogenphosphate buffer, pH 6.2, with 1.8% triethylamine (32:8: up to 100, v/v/v), delivered at a flow-rate of 1.1 mL min-1. The assay is linear in concentration ranges of: 0.004–4.8 and 0.0003–1.2 mg mL−1 for azithromycin and spiramycin, respectively, with detection limit of 0.02% for SPI and 0.03% for AZI. Recovery experiments revealed recovery of 98.51–100.82%. The applicability of this method in stability assessment studies is evaluated.
Indices and their Applicability under High Temperature in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars
Authors: Paul Sreyashi , Gogoi Nirmali
Published: October 2022

The increasing temperature is going to be more vulnerable for cool season crops like potato which requires an optimum productivity temperature of 18 to 20 °C. Thus, breeding for heat tolerance has become very important. Therefore, some previously used indices for abiotic stress tolerance have been used in our study for screening of high temperature stress tolerance in potato. Three high yielding (Kufri jyoti, Kufri megha and Kufri pokraj) and two local (Rangpuria and Badami) commonly grown potato cultivars were selected for our experiment. Potato cultivars were sown under normal condition and two high temperature conditions (polyhouse and early season) and indices such as HSI (heat susceptibility index), HTI (heat tolerance index), GM (geometric mean) and HII (heat intensity index) were used to evaluate the performance of the cultivars under all the three temperature conditions. The positive and significant correlation between HTI (heat tolerance index), and GM (geometric mean) as well as with tuber yield under all the conditions revealed that these indices were efficient in selecting the high temperature tolerant potato cultivars. We recorded the equal applicability of these two indices for both high yielding and local group of potato cultivars. Our study revealed that cultivar Kufri megha and Rangpuria showed higher heat tolerance between high yielding and local cultivars respectively.
Interaction between C-Reactive Protein and Phytochemical(s) from Calotropis procera: An Approach on Molecular Docking
Authors: Talapatra Soumendra Nath , Talukdar Partha , Swarnakar Snehasikta
Published: October 2022

The present study was attempted to detect potential phytoconstituents in C. procera against inflammation and pain. CRP is known to be increased up to 10,000 fold when acute inflammation take place in human. The interaction between C-reactive protein and phytochemical(s) from Calotropis procera was carried out with the help of molecular docking by using PyRx software (Ver. 0.8) and LigPlot software (Ver. 1.4) to compare energy value and binding site of phytochemicals in reference to established synthetic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The data suggest that the interaction between CRP and two phytochemicals namely methyl myrisate (-3.0) and methyl behenate (-3.2) showed close energy value (kcal/mol) and binding site in comparison to paracetamol (-3.9), ibobrufen (-4.2) while three phytochemicals viz. β-sitosterol (-5.6), uzarigenin (-5.5) and anthocyanins (-5.4) closely related to indomethacin (-5.2) in relation to energy value and binding site. In conclusion, based on molecular docking we found few phytochemicals of C. procera that can be used as lead compound(s) in future drug development as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent at low cost. It is also suggested to carry out functional assay of predicted compounds to validate suitability of this lead.
Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Plant Density, Growth, Yield and Fruit of Bell Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Bhuvaneswari G. , Sivaranjani R. , Reetha S. , Ramakrishnan K.
Published: October 2022

The present research was carried out to evaluate response of Bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) to plant density and nitrogen fertilizer under field conditions. Plant density at four levels (20×50 cm, 30×50 cm, 20×100 cm and 30×100 cm) and nitrogen treatments at four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg·N·ha-1) were applied. Plant height, lateral stem number, leaf chlorophyll content, yield, and were assessed at immature and mature stages. The results showed that vegetative growth characteristics (plant height, lateral stem number and leaf dry matter) and reproductive factors (fruit volume and fruit weight) decreased with increasing plant density, but total yield (kg·ha-1) increased with increasing plant density. The highest and lowest total yields were obtained by plant density 20×50 cm and 30×100 cm respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer was significantly affected on plant height, lateral stem number and leaf chlorophyll content. It was observed that fertilization with 150 kg·N·ha-1 resulted to the highest fruit volume and plant yield. There were significant differences between fruit volume and fruit weight by interaction between plant density and nitrogen treatments.
Depositional Hydrology in the Subtidal Site of Fertilizer Company: Grain-Size Hydraulics Approach
Authors: Edem I.D. , Udo-Inyang U.C.
Published: October 2022

Still very much terra incognita, grain shape has the potential to evaluate sedimentary transport, provenance, and depositional environments. There are several standard measures of grain shape. The results revealed that, the soil is non-uniformly graded with tortuous pore geometry due to overlaying layers, even though the grain size varied from granular grained size to medium grained. Therefore the soil under study is not easily moved by transporting medium. Also, there is significant effect of redox potential (ORP) on the electron availability of nitrate and the tested heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Pb, and Cu) were below detection limit of analytical equipment. The least reduced conditions occurred in stations; 2 (control), 3, 6, 15, 18 and 19 with minimum values of 99 to 110 mv. The absence of significant fungi populations in the soil indicates that the soils have no potential to biodegrade hydrocarbons when they are released into the environment.
Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis as a Molecular Tool for Characterizing Genomes of Certain Food-Borne Bacterial Isolates - A Review
Authors: Pal Partha
Published: October 2022

The evolutionary transition from phenotypic to molecular analysis of infectious disease in bacterial epidemiology led to the search for suitable approaches to ascertain genomic relatedness or heterogeneity between bacterial clinical isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) technique was developed for separating and analyzing long DNA fragments of several megabases in alternating electric field. Comparison of electrophoresis profiles of restriction enzyme-digested genomic DNA from bacterial isolates has proved to be a useful epidemiological tool for genetic discrimination of bacterial strains, detection of genetic relatedness, to locate the source of outbreak and to monitor the spread of the microorganisms in endemic zones. PFGE is considered as a gold standard method for typing of bacterial isolates because of the remarkable endurance of this technique as a typing method for the last 20 years in molecular epidemiology. In this current review the pros and cons of PFGE use in current molecular microbiological research are explored in the context of determination of genome organization of certain food-borne bacterial isolates causing infectious diseases in human beings.
Parameters of the Histological Adaptation of Marmorkrebs Procambarus virginalis (Lyko, 2017) (Decapoda, Cambaridae) to Manganese, Nickel and Lead Ions Pollution
Authors: Naboka Alexandra , Marenkov Oleg M. , Kovalchuk Julia , Shapovalenko Zoya , Nesterenko Oleh S. , Dzhobolda Bogdan
Published: October 2022

Manganese, lead and nickel are heavy metals, which are the priority fresh water toxic contaminants and relate to of the first danger class chemicals. Heavy metals cause functional disorders in the tissues and organs of hydrobionts, affecting their linear and weight indices, reproductive system, digestive and extraction organs. In the experiment on marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis (Lyko, 2017) studied the long-term effects of various concentrations of heavy metal ions on the physiological state and histostructure of tissues and organs. According to the results of research, it was found that among the studied heavy metals nickel ions influenced the weight indexes and mortality of crustaceans the most negatively. The results of morphometric studies on marbled crayfish indicate no significant changes in the control group and experimental one, but heavy metals influenced the form of the hepatopancerase lobes and the size of the lumen of the gland. Research on adipocytes of the connective tissue showed a significant difference between the size of cells under the influence of heavy metals. Dimensions of adipocytes fluctuated in a wide range from 144 μm2 to 537 μm2. In control group the adipocyte area was 406.96 μm2. Experimental studies of hemolymph showed that, under the influence of lead ions, a significant increase in 1.4 times was observed in the area of hemolymph cells; when manganese and nickel were added, moderate decrease was observed in cells. It was found that under the influence of nickel, the area of round hyalinocytes has reduced by 1.7 times.
Role of Growth Regulators on In Vitro Callus Induction and Direct Regeneration in Physalis minima Linn
Authors: Sandhya H. , Srinath Rao
Published: October 2022

Suitable protocol for induction of callus and regeneration was developed from different explants viz., node, stem and leaves in Physalis minima. MS basal medium supplemented with various concentrations (1.0-4.0mg/l) of auxins like 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinins (0.5-1.5mg/l) like BAP or Kn were used. All the three explants responded for induction of callus, however stem explants were found superior, followed by node and leaf. Callus induction was observed in all the auxins and combination of growth regulators used with varied mass (2010±1.10) and highest percentage of callus induction was observed from stem at 2.0mg/l 2,4-D (90%) followed by NAA (70%) and IAA (50%). Organogenesis was induced when nodal explants were transferred on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D and Kn at various concentrations, maximum being on 2.0mg/l 2,4-D + 1.0mg/l Kn (90%). Regenerated shoots were elongated on 0.5mg/l GA3. The shoots were subsequently rooted on MS + 1.0mg/l IBA (95%) medium. Rooted shoots were hardened and acclimatized, later they were transferred to polycups containing soil, cocopeat and sand in the ratio 1:2:1.Keywords:Physalis minima, Node, Stem, Leaf, callus and growth regulators.
Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Contents of Three Quercus Species
Authors: Tuyen Phung Thi , Khang Do Tan , Thu Ha Pham Thi , Hai Tran Ngoc , Elzaawely Abdelnaser Abdelghany , Xuan Tran Dang
Published: October 2022

The antioxidant capability and phenolic contents of ethanol extracts (free phenolics) and ethyl acetate extracts (bound phenolics) of three Quercus species were estimated in this work. The antioxidant activities were examined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) free radical, reducing power and b-carotene bleaching methods. HPLC was employed to detect major phenolic acids. The leaf extract of Q. salicina contained maximum total phenolics while the highest total flavonoid content was found in the leaf extract of Q. serrata. The antioxidant activities varied among three species. Bark extract of Q. salicina was the most potential and it was closed to levels of the standard antioxidative dibutyl hydroxytoluene (BHT). The bark extract of Q. serrata also showed promising antioxidant activities despite their eminence was negligibly lower than Q. salicina. Stronger antioxidant activities of free phenolics than those of the bound phenolics may be attributed to higher quantities of free phenolics in the barks of Quercus species, however total flavonoids may not contribute a critical role. By HPLC analysis, thirteen phenolic acids were detected in the leaf and bark extracts. Of them, Q. salicina showed maximum in number (ten compounds) and quantities of detected phenolic acids. Ellagic, chlorogenic and benzoic acids were dominant in Quercus species. Findings of this study revealed that leaves and barks of three Quercus species are rich source of antioxidants, and Q.salicina is the most promising and should be elaborated to exploit its pharmaceutical properties.