bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INCREASED RATIO OF GLYCINE/TAURINE CONJUGATED BILE ACIDS IN THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF TERMINAL ILEOPATHY
Authors: Bruusgaard A. , Thaysen E. Hess
Published: August 2010

Abstract. In patients with verified terminal ileopathy the ratio of glycine/taurine conjugated bile acids in duodenal contents has been found to be increased. In two patients with diarrhoea and steatorrhoea this ratio was demonstrated to be increased even before conventional methods showed evidence of terminal ileopathy. The diagnosis of Crohn's disease localized to the terminal ileum was later confirmed by operative and microscopic findings.
FIBRINOLYTIC TREATMENT IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Heikinheimo Rauno , Ahrenberg Pia , Honkapohja Helge , Iisalo Esko , Kallio Veikko , Konttinen Yrjö , Leskinen Olavi , Mustaniemi Harri , Reinikainen Mikko , Siitonen Lauri
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A total of 426 patients admitted with symptoms of acute myocardial infarction have been treated in four hospitals. 219 were treated with streptokinase (SK), 600 000 IU or more, while 207 formed the control group. The patients were followed up as long as they stayed in the hospital, which was approximately three weeks, and by one visit to the outpatient clinic six weeks after their admission to hospital. The total mortality in the SK group during six weeks was 22 and in the control group 17 patients. If only the patients with their first episode of myocardial infarction are considered, 14 of the 156 (9.0%) in the SK group and 15 of the 163 (9.2%) in the control group died. Eight of the 40 patients with a recurrent infarction in the SK group and two of the 24 in the control group died. No differences in the ECG changes were noted between the groups. The serum GOT values in the first 24 h following the infarction were higher in the SK group than in the control group in patients whose infusion had been started within the first 6 hours after the onset of chest pain. In cases with a longer history no difference was observed. The BSR of the SK group fell immediately after the infusion and remained below the values of the control group for the first two weeks. The present study did not support the view that SK would be beneficial in the treatment of myocardial infarction.
THE LIPOPROTEIN PATTERN IN A DANISH FAMILY: PRELIMINARY REPORT
Authors: Strunge Poul , Trostmann Aage F.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The lipoprotein pattern in a family of 14 members with primary hyperlipidaemia has been studied on the basis of a clinical examination and the FredricksonLees criteria for biochemical investigation of lipoproteins. The patterns were of the following distribution: type II (2), type III (2), type IV (7), and new types with the prefix normo‐, suggested by the authors in family studies —normo‐type II (2) and normo‐type IV (1). In spite of the biochemical findings, 11 of the probands had none of the clinical symptoms known to characterize lipoproteinaemia. Finally, the authors discuss the relationship between pattern typing by paper electrophoresis, by ultracentrifugation, and by Immunoelectrophoresis using the Laurell method.
ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE FOR CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES IN THE ERYTHROID PRECURSORS IN ACUTE LEUKAEMIA
Authors: Jensen Mogens Krogh , Killmann Sven‐Aage
Published: August 2010

Abstract. In continuation of a previous study, five additional patients with acute leukaemia have been studied, characterized by abnormal bone marrow karyotypes and fairly well represented erythropoiesis. In all five patients the percentage of erythroblast mitoses (16–62% of the bone marrow mitoses) was definitely higher than that of normal metaphases. These data confirm the previous results and suggest that, in acute myeloid leukaemia, the chromosome abnormalities are not confined to the cells of the blastic variety, but are also present in the erythroid precursors. Thus acute myeloid leukaemia is probably not a disease of the granulocytic cell line, but rather a disorder of haemopoiesis in general.
UROKINASE INHIBITORS IN SERUM IN A CLINICAL SERIES
Authors: Hedner Ulla , Nilsson Inga Marie
Published: August 2010

Abstract.In order to find out whether the content of inhibitors of the urokinase activation of plasminogen in serum varies to such an extent as to be of any significance in the treatment of thrombosis with urokinase, these inhibitors have been assayed in 1 008 patients with different types of liver diseases, renal diseases, thrombosis, leukaemia, cancer, myelomatosis, pregnant women, and women on low dose gestagen therapy. The level of urokinase inhibitors varied widely. Very high levels were, above all, found among the patients with renal diseases, especially acute uraemia, after kidney transplantation and in malignant diseases. Thus it is obvious that patients who might require fibrinolytic treatment differ widely from one another regarding inhibition not only of the effect of streptokinase but also that of urokinase.
INFLUENCE OF RECIRCULATION ON MYOCARDIAL CLEARANCE CURVES WITH XENON 133
Authors: Holmberg S. , Luepker R. , Varnauskas E.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Myocardial clearance curves with inert radioactive gas as indicator regularly deviate from monoexponential curves. When Xenon is used as an indicator and injected into the left heart the major part is removed from the circulation by effective alveolar ventilation, while a minor fraction re‐enters the left heart and recirculates through all vascular beds including the coronary vascular system. The effect of this recirculation on the shape of the myocardial clearance curve has been investigated under conditions when deviation is especially pronounced, i.e. pacemaker‐induced tachycardia. Tachycardia causes increased coronary flow with steeper clearance curve, while the ventilation and hence the amount of recirculating Xenon is unchanged. The resulting marked deviation is significantly diminished by voluntary hyperventilation, which decreases the recirculation. This explains the decrease of deviation during physical exercise when both coronary flow and effective alveolar ventilation increase. The error imposed by recirculation on the calculation of coronary flow is on average less than 5% during pacemaker‐induced tachycardia.
HYPEROSTOSIS CORTICALIS GENERALISATA
Authors: van Buchem F. S. P.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Eight new cases of hyperostosis corticalis generalisata are described. All showed the same typical localization of the increased bone formation. In three children (ranging in age between seven and ten years) this was already clearly visible, even though not so marked as in the adults. The clinical picture was suggested on a photo of the skull taken at the age of two. The disease may therefore start at a very early age, and then may be correlated with the often occurring facial paralysis, which in the beginning was not rarely transient. Early operation is certainly indicated in these patients. All eight patients proved to be related to each other. The pedigree chart is indicative of the autosomal recessive nature of the disease. In six adult patients suffering from this disease the iso‐enzyme pattern of alkaline phosphatase was examined. The bone fraction was present in all cases, although in two cases alkaline phosphatase was not increased.
LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOENZYME PATTERNS IN SERUM AND SKELETAL MUSCLE IN INTOXICATED ALCOHOLICS
Authors: Nygren Arne , Sundblad Lars
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme pattern in serum and skeletal muscle has been investigated in acutely intoxicated alcoholics. In serum a picture characterized by an elevation of LDH‐1, LDH‐2 and LDH‐5 was most common. In skeletal muscle the alcoholics differed from a control material with respect to the LDH isoenzyme distribution, with higher values for LDH‐1 and LDH‐2 and lower values for LDH‐5.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF PROTEINS BETWEEN INTRAAND EXTRAVASCULAR SPACES IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
Authors: Plantin L.‐O. , Ahlinder S. , Norberg R. , Birke G.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The extravascular distribution of albumin and immunoglobulin G has been studied with special regard to the effect of prolonged bedrest. The EV/IV ratio of these proteins is very much influenced in the conditions studied. The exact effect of posture could not be obtained in this study, but the results should inspire caution in judging the results of metabolic studies in patients confined to bed in relation to controls. Some errors in retained dose measurements have been pointed out. Although the mechanism is unknown, it has been shown that the EV/IV regulation of proteins has been influenced by external means in severely burnt patients.
BLOOD GLUCOSE AND PLASMA GLYCEROL RESPONSE TO EPINEPHRINE INFUSION IN NORMAL AND PREDIABETIC SUBJECTS
Authors: Cerasi Erol , Efendić Suad , Luft Rolf , Östman Jan
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The effect of epinephrine infusion (at a rate of 0.08 to 0.11 μg/kg/min) on blood glucose and plasma glycerol has been investigated in six normal subjects and nine individuals with normal glucose tolerance but decreased and delayed insulin response to glucose (prediabetic subjects). Responsiveness to epinephrine, as measured by the magnitude of elevation in blood glucose and plasma glycerol, was of similar degree in both groups of subjects. It is concluded that the ability to mobilize glycogen and lipid is not altered in prediabetes. The mechanisms responsible for maintaining a normal glucose tolerance in the presence of decreased insulin secretion in prediabetic subjects thus do not seem to involve a diminished ability to generate cyclic AMP in the liver and fat cells.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF EBSTEIN'S DISEASE OF THE HEART
Authors: Hansen Jørgen Fischer , Wennevold Alf
Published: August 2010

Abstract. On the basis of 20 patients from our departments a review is given of the clinical, electrocardiographic, radiological and haemodynamic features of Ebstein's disease. The clinical spectrum is very broad, and the presence or absence of cyanosis is essential in the estimation of the severity of the disease, the cyanotic cases usually being diagnosed in childhood. Dyspnoea on exertion, malar flush, palpitations and precordial pains are the most consistent symptoms. The diagnosis is possible on clinical grounds in the typical cases with the combination of a systolic and a diastolic murmur together with an audible third heart sound, with right bundle branch block, tall P waves, and with considerable enlargement of the right side of the heart on the roentgenogram. In less severe cases right heart catheterization and angiocardiography are needed for confirmation of the diagnosis.
LEUKAEMIC SUBCLONES IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKAEMIA
Authors: Pedersen Bent , Killmann Sven‐Aage
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Serial karyotype studies have been done during cytostatic treatment in a patient with CML in blastic crisis. A course of cytosine arabinoside and thioguanine resulted in a dramatic decrease in the frequency of a 54‐chromosome clone and simultaneous increases of a 46, XY and a 50‐chromosome clone. At the same time the cytological composition of the bone marrow changed towards normal and some temporary clinical improvement took place. Comparison of data on karyotypes and cytology suggest that the highly abnormal karyotypes represented myeloblasts and promyelocytes, whereas early red cell precursors were 46, XY cells. In the discussion the following suggestions are made: (A) Heterogeneity of a leukaemic cell population, as evidenced by differences in karyotypes, may be associated with differences in drug sensitivity. This represents a rationale for multiple drug therapy. (B) Differentiation of leukaemic cells may not be compatible with highly abnormal karyotypes; in turn, lack of differentiation may result in a growth advantage of cells with severe karyotype abnormalities, which would explain the typical evolution of CML from a condition characterized by a single karyotype abnormality (the Ph1‐chromosome) and successful differentiation to a state with multiple karyotype abnormalities and lack of cell differentiation, ending in blastic crisis. (C) It might be possible to postpone the development of blastic crisis if treatment was directed against the developing abnormal clones during the chronic phase of CML. It is proposed to study the use of intermittent intensive chemotherapy in the chronic phase of CML. In a preliminary observation of incipient malignant karyotype evolution in a patient with CML, the secondary karyotype abnormalities almost disappeared after a course of cytosine arabinoside and thioguanine.
INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS TO UREMIC PATIENTS ON LOW PROTEIN DIET
Authors: Jeppsson J. O. , Lindqvist B.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Patients with chronic renal disease and severe uremia (serum creatinine above 10 mg/100 ml) were treated in 1965‐67 with a restricted protein diet with addition of essential amino acids in tablet form, as described by Giovanetti and Maggiore. There were, however, often practical difficulties in carrying out an oral amino acid substitution. Parenteral administration of eight essential amino acids was introduced in 1968‐70 for 19 severely uremic patients once to twice a week for 1–14 months. The patients preferred parenteral administration of the essential amino acids, and few side‐effects were observed. Amino acid analysis of plasma showed all amino acid concentrations in the normal range in four severely uremic patients, who received a low protein diet (about 15 g/day) and 50 g essential amino acid/week. No signs of deficient protein synthesis were found. It is extremely difficult to calculate the optimum amino acid supply required by uremic patients. The fact that one of our patients had a life extension of 14 months indicates that the amino acid balance was reasonably adequate. In patients with a quickly developing renal deterioration the advantage of strict protein rationing is minimal. In the very slowly developing diseases there may be a gain of several months.
INFLUENCE OF PROTEINURIA ON THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE EXAMINATION OF LEUKOCYTES IN URINE
Authors: Talstad Ingebrigt
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Standard separated leukocytes from peripheral blood have been used to study whether protein in urine might interfere with the behavior of leukocytes. It was found that protein protected leukocytes from being aggregated and stained supravitally. A higher percentage of leukocytes became stained with the Sternheimer & Malbin stain than with other supravital dyes, possibly due to toxic influence from alcohol. It is supposed that the questionable difference between “pale” and “red” stained leukocytes with the Sternheimer & Malbin stain is related to the presence or absence of protein. Protein was also found to interfere with the quantitative examination of leukocytes, particularly in centrifugated urine specimens, since leukocytes became aggregated or attached to the glass walls in the absence of protein.
LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
Authors: Björk L. , Cullhed I. , Buchholtz B.
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Cases with ischemic heart disease often have increased left ventricular (LV) volume, often with asymmetric changes in the form of local asynergic areas. It has been known for several years that angina pectoris is usually accompanied by increased LV filling pressure. The authors have studied the relationship between the LV filling pressure and changes in the left ventriculogram in 34 cases with coronary artery disease. The left atrial (LA) mean pressure was used as an index of the LV filling pressure and was studied at rest and, in 26 cases, also during supine work. Coronary arteriographies were performed in all cases, as well as LV cineangiography in at least one plane. Though admittedly small, the groups were comparable with regard to age and cardiac index at rest. An increased filling pressure at a work load which caused anginal pain was mainly seen in the groups with increased LV end‐diastolic volume, and there was no difference between cases with and without local asynergy.
SERUM IRON, TOTAL IRON‐BINDING CAPACITY AND TRANSFERRIN FOLLOWING ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Nitter‐Hauge Sigurd
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Iron, total iron‐binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin in serum have been measured in a group of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and in another group with myocardial ischaemia without infarction. Of the 20 patients with myocardial infarction two‐thirds showed abnormally low values for serum iron on the first day. The lowest serum iron level was observed on the third day, when all patients except one had serum iron below the normal range. Afterwards the serum iron level gradually increased. TIBC has been used as an indirect estimate of transferrin. On the first day TIBC varied within the normal range with a few exceptions. Later there was a significant fall in TIBC. On the third day TIBC decreased below the normal range in one‐third of all patients, with a later rise to normal levels. In contrast, normal or slightly reduced values for serum iron and TIBC were found in the 20 patients with myocardial ischaemia without myocardial infarction.
SERUM LEVELS AND URINARY EXCRETION OF α2‐MACROGLOBULIN IN PATIENTS WITH RENAL DISEASE
Authors: Hedfors Eva , Kistner Sten , Norberg Renée
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Serum values and renal excretion of α2‐macro‐globulin and IgM have been measured in 36 patients with various renal diseases. The mean value of α2‐macroglobulin in serum was significantly increased only in patients with glomerulonephritis. The mean values of IgM did not differ from normal. Excretion of α2‐macroglobulin and IgM was found in about two‐thirds of the patients with glomerulonephritis and in about 50% of the other patients. The cause of the quantitative difference between the excretion of α2‐macroglobulin and IgM, two fairly equalsized proteins, was discussed.
MONOPHASIC ACTION POTENTIAL AND SINUS RHYTHM STABILITY AFTER CONVERSION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Olsson S. Bertil , Cotoi Simion , Varnauskas E.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Right atrial MAP has been recorded after conversion of atrial fibrillation in 11 patients, 10 of them after DC shock and 1 after a spontaneously reverting attack of atrial fibrillation. The duration of the right atrial MAP has been of prognostic value for the 3‐month maintenance of sinus rhythm. Three patients who maintained sinus rhythm more than 3 months had a MAP duration in the same range as is found in patients free from atrial fibrillation. Six patients who relapsed into atrial fibrillation within 3 months had a MAP duration lower than the arrhythmia‐free population. In 2 patients MAP could not be recorded during sinus rhythm. The short duration of the right atrial MAP seems to reflect the arrhythmia tendency and can probably be explained by a low atrial muscle potassium content.
RENAL CLEARANCES OF DIFFERENT AMINO ACIDS IN WILSON'S DISEASE BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT WITH PENICILLAMINE
Authors: Schønheyder F. , Gregersen G. , Hansen H. E. , Skov P. E.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Two siblings with Wilson's disease are presented. They displayed no neurological symptoms and only minor hepatic dysfunction. In both patients signs of decreased tubular reabsorption of phosphate and urate were found. Measurements of clearances of the different single amino acids revealed initially high values for some of them, and later a definite and uniform decrease after treatment with penicillamine.
REPEAT HEMODYNAMIC STUDIES IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION TREATED MEDICALLY FOR SEVERAL YEARS
Authors: Sannerstedt Rune , Schröder Gustav , Werkö Lars
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Twenty‐three patients with arterial hypertension were studied before treatment and after 2 to 7 years on routine antihypertensive regimens with saluretics, alone or in combination with various hypotensive agents. Systemic hemodynamics at rest and during a standardized exercise load in the sitting position on a bicycle ergometer were obtained in all subjects. At the initial study there were no significant hemodynamic differences between 14 adequately treated patients (group A), i.e. casual outpatient diastolic blood pressures generally ≤ 100 mmHg, and 9 inadequately treated patients (group I). At the repeat study after treatment, the brachial artery blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance were significantly lower both at rest and during exercise in group A compared to the other group, while there were still no significant differences in heart rate and cardiac output. The lowered mean brachial artery blood pressure in group A was mainly due to a significantly decreased cardiac output both at rest and during exercise, and the reduction in systemic vascular resistance was not statistically significant. Contrary to the adequately treated patients in group A, two untreated patients had conspicuously higher values for mean brachial artery blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance when restudied after an interval of 5 years. It is concluded that an adequate and vigorous long‐term treatment of arterial hypertension will benefit the circulation and decrease cardiac load. The need of search for therapies with more physiological effects is pointed out.
EXPERIENCE OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY OF GLOMERULAR DISEASE IN ADULTS
Authors: Ahlmén Jarl , Attman Per‐Ola , Bengtsson Ulla
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A report is given on 25 adult patients with glomerular disease treated with prednisolone and azathio‐prine for 3–35 months (mean 13 months). Renal biopsy has been obtained in all cases except one. In 12 patients a significant improvement in inulin clearance and/or proteinuria has been recorded. Eight patients maintained a clinical steady state, while in five patients the disease progressed. The good results were obtained in patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis or minimal change glomerulonephritis and in one patient with lupus nephritis, but complete remission was not attained in any patient. The role of immunosuppressive treatment in acute glomerulonephritis is discussed, and the difficulties in assessing the therapeutic effect versus spontaneous improvement are stressed. The question is also raised whether an unchanged state or a retarded progress in a downhill course may sometimes be regarded as a positive result of treatment.
CYTOGENETIC STUDIES IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKAEMIA
Authors: Jensen Mogens Krogh
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Cytogenetic studies have been carried out on bone marrow aspirates from 50 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Abnormal stem lines were present in 22 patients; the remainder had a diploid chromosome complement. In all patients the majority of the metaphases had a blurred appearance and in many of the bone marrow aspirates studied before therapy the blurred metaphases showed chromatid breaks. Several bone marrow aspirates were obtained from six patients with a diploid chromosome complement. In none of these was the emergence of an abnormal cell line seen. In seven patients abnormal stem lines were demonstrated before the diagnosis of AML could be made. Based on the present results and on a review of the relevant literature, some general cytogenetic features are emphasized which have contributed to a better understanding of the leu‐kaemic process. Finally, the significance of cytogenetic studies in the diagnosis and therapeutic handling of leukaemia is discussed.
CORONARY CIRCULATION DURING HEAVY EXERCISE IN CONTROL SUBJECTS AND PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Authors: Holmberg Stig , Serzysko Wieslaw , Varnauskas Edvardas
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Coronary and systemic circulation has been measured in 10 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and in 11 control subjects during 2–3 periods of increasing exercise loads. The highest work load was close to the maximal tolerable exercise level. In control subjects the maximal coronary flow during heavy exercise increased to 460% of the resting value. The myocardial (a‐v)O2 difference varied considerably inter‐ and intraindividually with increasing work load, but calculated for the group this (a‐v)O2 difference did not change significantly. The increase in myocardial oxygen demand was thus met almost exclusively by an increase in coronary flow. The myocardial oxygen uptake increased fourfold from rest to heavy exercise with a parallel fourfold increase in the BP8 × HR product, with a linear relationship over the whole range of values, suggesting that this product is a good index of myocardial oxygen uptake. In CHD patients the coronary flow response to moderate exercise was the same as in control subjects. During heavy exercise, however, the coronary flow increase was lower in relation to the BP8 × HR product than in the control subjects. Coronary vascular resistance did not decrease to the same level as in the controls. The demand for increase in oxygen uptake was met through a compensatory increase in myocardial (a‐v)O2 difference, thus making the necessary oxygen delivery possible. During the heaviest exercise, however, a significantly lower myocardial oxygen consumption was recorded in relation to the BP8 × HR product than in the control subjects. This was interpreted as an inadequate oxygen supply, leading to decreased myocardial contractility. The impaired myocardial performance was best demonstrated in two patients with exercise‐provoked angina pectoris who developed rapidly increasing left atrial pressure.
A SIMPLIFIED POINT SCORE SYSTEM FOR THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY
Authors: Skjaeggestad Ö. , Kierulf P.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A simplified point score system for the ECG diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been tested on 470 autopsies. The total heart weight, adjusted for sex and body length, was used as an indicator of LVH. Patients below 50 years were excluded. A score of more than 2 points strongly indicates an increased heart weight (HW). Forty‐two patients scored more than 2 points, 39 (93%) having increased HW, 3 (7%) a borderline HW, and none a normal HW. A score of 1 or 2 points suggests an increased HW, 119 patients having this score, 64 (54%) an increased HW, 42 (35%) a borderline HW, and 13 (11%) a normal HW. A score of 0 point should be interpreted with caution. If the ECG shows no sign of myocardial infarction (MI) or right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), and ischemic heart disease can be ruled out, this score indicates a normal HW. Left bundle branch block (LBBB) suggests an increased HW. Forty‐five patients had LBBB, 34 (76%) having increased HW.
INTERMITTENT BENIGN RENAL HEMATURIA
Authors: Brodwall E. K. , Øyri A. , Øystese B.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Thirty‐one patients with focal glomerular changes in the renal biopsy are reported. Focal glomerular lesions have been seen in the following diseases: benign recurrent hematuria (19 patients), systemic lupus erythematosus (7 patients), nephrotic syndrome (2 patients), Henoch‐Schönlein's purpura (1 patient), sarcoidosis (1 patient), systemic disease with myocarditis (1 patient). Focal glomerulonephritis is a pathological diagnosis and should be avoided in clinical classification. To retain this term in the histologic classification of renal diseases is in our opinion debatable, due to the fact that the term might convey the impression that focal glomerulonephritis is a specific disease entity. To discuss common etiological factors for this group of diseases seems irrelevant. The task for the pathologist is to demonstrate differential findings in the biopsies that might be of value for the clinical differentiation of the diseases that can show focal glomerular changes on light microscopy of the renal biopsy.
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PULMONARY ARTERY DIASTOLIC PRESSURE AND THE PULMONARY WEDGE PRESSURE IN CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE
Authors: Gabriel Senefro
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Twenty‐four patients with chronic lung disease have been examined by means of right heart catheterization to investigate the level of the pressure difference between the pulmonary artery diastolic pressure and the mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PPAd ‐ P̄w) and its relation to the pulmonary vascular resistance at rest and during exercise. In patients who had a normal pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR < 3 units), there was no significant pressure difference either at rest or during exercise when P̄w was 6–27 mmHg, while in patients with increased pulmonary resistance (PVR > 3 units) a significant pressure difference has been found. A pressure difference between 4 and 5 mmHg was found, in the present material, to be an index for differentiation between a normal and an increased vascular resistance.
LOCALIZATION OF VARIOUS PLASMA PROTEINS IN THE SKIN IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Larsson Olle , Lithner Folke
Published: August 2010

Abstract A fluorescent microscopic study has been made of small dermal vessels from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Skin biopsies were taken from the lateral side of the hand. A total of 28 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 21 with mainly degenerative skeletal and joint diseases were examined. The investigation, which was carried out as a blind study, was intended as a study of the possible presence of immunoglobulins and certain other plasma proteins, particularly in the vessel walls. At the same time the thickness of the vessel wall was estimated in PAS‐stained slides. It was observed that there was a significant increase of IgG‐globulin and IgA‐globulin in the vessel wall in the group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis as compared with the control group. However, no significant difference could be seen when studying the localization of IgM‐globulin, fibrinogen, β1c‐globulin and albumin. Neither was any increased thickening of the vessel walls observed in the PAS‐stained slides in rheumatoid arthritis. The findings in the skin showed manifest similarities to observations made by others on synovialis taken from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. As far as we know, this is the first time significant immunohistochemical differences have been detected in the small blood vessels outside the synovialis from patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with non‐rheumatoid patients. The pathogenetic significance of the observed changes is uncertain, but they may support the conception that disseminated angiopathy occurs in rheumatoid arthritis.
HYPER‐α‐LIPOPROTEINEMIA IN MEN EXPOSED TO CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES
Authors: Carlson Lars A. , Kolmodin‐Hedman Birgitta
Published: August 2010

Abstract Twenty‐two male subjects exposed in their occupation to a mixture of chlorinated pesticides, mainly lindane and DDT, and 19 healthy males have been studied with regard to their fasting serum lipid levels and to the amounts of lipids in the three ultracentrifugally separated lipoprotein families: very low density (VLDL or pre‐β), low density (LDL or β) and high density (HDL or α) lipoproteins. Six exposed subjects had hyper‐triglyceridemia (type IV pattern) and one hypercholes‐terolemia (type II A). Forty per cent of the subjects exposed to chlorinated pesticides and none of the controls had hyper‐HDL(α)‐lipoproteinemia. In two of these subjects the level of HDL(α)‐lipoprotein was about two to three times above average normal values. The possible cause of the frequent occurrence of this rare type of hyperlipoproteinemia after exposure to pesticides is discussed.
IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS IN OLD AGE
Authors: Freyschuss U. , Nilsonne U. , Lundgren K.‐D.
Published: August 2010

AbstractCardiovascular function has been studied in 15 female patients, 56 to 63 years of age, who were diagnosed as idiopathic scoliotics about 50 years ago. Eight of the patients had a severe skeletal deformity with a spinal angle of ≥60° (SD group); the remaining seven patients were less deformed (LD group). The examinations comprised ECGs at rest and during exercise, determination of work capacity, total amount of hemoglobin, blood volume and heart volume. Through heart catheterization in 13 subjects intracardiac and intravascular pressures and cardiac output were measured at rest and during work. Pulmonary hypertension with a restricted working capacity was found in the most severely deformed patient; all others had ordinary pressures and cardiac output both at rest and during work when compared with a healthy male material of the same age. On the ECG none of the patients developed signs of right ventricular impairment. A few patients had ST changes in the left precordial leads during work but were free from symptoms. The ECG findings were not related to the degree of the scoliosis, the working capacity or the heart volume. The SD group had a significantly lower working capacity than the LD group. When related to previously obtained respiratory data the working capacity was significantly correlated to tidal volume and to vital and total lung capacities. In one third of the patients with a low working capacity small circulatory dimensions were a characteristic feature. It could be assumed that a restricted lung function would decrease the physical activity and hence the circulatory dimensions to an extent related to the degree of deformity.
EFFECT OF CHOLESTYRAMINE ON MINERAL EXCRETION IN MAN
Authors: Runeberg Lars , Miettinen Tatu A. , Nikkilä Esko A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Cholestyramine in the chloride phase (32 g/day) was given to four hyperlipidaemic patients under balance study conditions. The changes in blood chemistry were slight, but urine pH decreased and the urinary excretion of chloride increased by about 70 mEq/day, corresponding to about 60% of the chloride content of the resin. Urinary excretion of calcium increased significantly (12–60%) in every subject, while faecal excretion did not show a consistent change. Slight equidirectional changes in the excretion of magnesium were observed in every patient, whereas the change in phosphate excretion was negligible. Continued administration of cholestyramine with reduction of the total chloride load to pretreatment values essentially abolished the effect on calcium excretion. Ammonium chloride produced comparable changes in the excretion of calcium. Urinary citrate was followed in one patient and was strongly depressed during the period when chloride excretion was increased. Only transient changes in urinary sodium and potassium were observed. In one patient observed after two months' treatment with cholestyramine the effect on calcium excretion was still apparent. It is concluded that cholestyramine affects mineral balance mainly through its chloride content and it is suggested that care should be taken to decrease the excess chloride load during cholestyramine treatment in order to avoid the development or progression of osteoporosis in patients at risk in this respect.
THE EFFECT OF FUROSEMIDE UPON RENAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN THE HUMAN KIDNEY
Authors: Ofstad J. , Willassen Y. , Gjengstø H.
Published: August 2010

Abstract The effect of an i.v. injection of furosemide upon the oxygen consumption and sodium reabsorption of the kidney has been investigated in ten patients. The injection of furosemide increased the excretion fraction of sodium from 1.96 to 14.43. Probably because of increased glomerular filtration rate, the absolute amount of sodium reabsorbed was not significantly reduced. No change of the oxygen consumption of the kidney and of the ratio between reabsorbed sodium and the oxygen consumption was observed. The extraction ratio of para‐aminohippuric acid and the arterio‐venous oxygen difference were unaffected by the injection.
HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES IN LONG‐TERM α‐METHYLDOPA THERAPY OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Lund‐Johansen Per
Published: August 2010

Abstract Thirteen men with untreated essential hypertension in WHO stage I, all working, have been studied ambulatorily. Oxygen consumption, heart rate, cardiac output (Cardiogreen) and intra‐arterial brachial pressure were recorded at rest in supine and sitting position and during steady state work at 300, 600 and 900 kpm/min. The subjects were treated with α‐methyldopa as the sole drug for one year and the hemodynamic study was repeated. The reduction in the intra‐arterial pressure was usually due to a decrease in the cardiac output, with little effect on the calculated total peripheral resistance. The pressure reduction was greatest at rest and during light work. During submaximal exercise the differences between the hemodynamic parameters before and after therapy were small.
48‐HOUR PRESERVATION OF PIG KIDNEYS USING CONTINUOUS HYPOTHERMIC PLASMA PERFUSION
Authors: Løkkegaard H. , Gyrd‐Hansen N. , Hansen R. Iversen , Hasselager E. , Nerstrøm B. , Rasmussen Folke
Published: August 2010

Abstract Preservation of pig kidneys for 48 hours has been studied using continuous hypothermic plasma perfusion as preservation method. Twenty‐six experiments were performed and the material was divided into two groups. In group 1 (10 experiments) the kidneys were perfused with a constant non‐pulsatile flow (0.2 ml/g/min), which gave a perfusion pressure from 10 to 30 mmHg during most of the perfusion. In group 2 (16 experiments) a pulsatile perfusion pressure of about 65/35 mmHg was used, which gave a flow rate of 1–2 ml/g/min during most of the perfusion. One animal in group 1 survived an experimental period of 3 months and five died due to renal failure without signs of surgical complications. Three died with thrombosis of the renal artery and one due to stenosis of the ureter with ureteral leakage. Four animals survived in group 2, while nine died due to renal failure without signs of surgical complications. Three died with thrombosis of the renal artery. Changes in the preservation technique in group 2 (different pulse curves, addition of certain substances to the perfusate medium and pretreatment of the animals with mannitol) were tried without success. The pathogenesis of the many cases of renal failures is discussed, and in group 2, in which the development of widespread necrosis in the kidneys was the most frequent complication to the preservation, the phenomenon was investigated further. On the basis of histological examination of the kidneys, together with analyses for protein in the urine produced during the perfusion and in the first hour after transplantation, it is concluded that damage to the vascular system arises during the perfusion, and probably causes total or partial infarction of the kidney after recirculation.
CLINICAL VALUE OF SERUM B1A‐ AND B1E‐GLOBULIN LEVELS IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH RENAL DISEASE
Authors: Arisz L. , Brentjens J. R. H. , van der Hem G. K. , Mandema E.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Serum levels of B1A‐globulin, a metabolic product of the third component of complement, have been investigated by a simple immunochemical method in a group of adult patients with renal disease. A renal biopsy was performed in 100 of 105 adult patients with primary renal disease and in 27 of 51 patients with secondary or other renal disease, enabling classification on histological grounds. Decreased B1A levels were found in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APGN) and in some patients with membrano‐proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and glomerulonephritis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In these three categories of patients B1E‐globulin, the fourth component of complement, was also determined by the same simple immunochemical method. In APGN B1A‐globulin rises to normal levels in 1–4 months after the onset of the disease. The B1E‐globulin is occasionally decreased at a very early stage in APGN, and then returns rapidly to normal levels. In MPGN the B1A level may be constantly low for many years. Some patients, however, demonstrate a change in the level with time. The B1E level is usually normal in this group. A number of patients with MPGN had, at least on a single determination, normal B1A levels. In SLE glomerulonephritis decreased levels of both complement components are found, the B1E‐globulin usually being diminished to a greater extent than the B1A‐globulin. Occasionally only the B1E level is low, which could mean that the determination of B1E‐globulin is of greater significance for the diagnosis of SLE than the determination of B1A‐globulin. Two patients with SLE showed a parallel increase in both complement factors during longterm treatment with large doses of corticosteroids. SLE differs in this respect from APGN, and this suggests a different manner of complement activation. From this group of adult patients it may be concluded that the findings relating to serum B1A levels in children with renal disease are also applicable to adults. In addition, the determination of B1A‐ and B1A‐levels by a simple technique is of value in the differential diagnosis of patients with glomerulonephritis.
CALCITONIN IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERCALCAEMIC CRISIS
Authors: Bergqvist Eva , Sjöberg Hans Erik , Hjern Bo , Hallberg Dag , Carlström Anders
Published: August 2010

Abstract The hypocalcaemic effect of synthetic porcine calcitonin in hypercalcaemic crisis has been studied in a 49‐year‐old man suffering from hypernephroma with skeletal metastases and a 10‐year‐old boy with a primary hyperparathyroidism. In both patients calcitonin induced prompt reduction of serum calcium concentration and pronounced clinical amelioration. This made possible successful removal of a parathyroid adenoma in the young boy. No undesirable side‐effects were observed during treatment with calcitonin.
ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK IN AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: Jensen Gorm , Sigurd Bjarne
Published: August 2010

Abstract A review of 250 patients with pure aortic insufficiency (AI) and 400 with second or third degree atrioventricular block (AV block) revealed eight patients, seven male and one female, who had both these conditions. The mean age of the eight patients was 51 years (range 39–60). The duration of cardiac symptoms varied from 0 to 30 years. The aetiology of the heart disease was rheumatic fever in four patients, luetic carditis in one, and unknown in three patients. Seven patients had second and third degree AV block and one patient had paroxysmal ventricular standstill. The escape rhythm in the seven patients was nodal, so it seems likely that the occurrence of AV block in patients with AI may be due to mechanical strain on the upper parts of the conduction system, secondary to left ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation. In five patients the onset of AV block was accompanied by severe left heart failure, including pulmonary oedema. The material illustrates that occurrence of AV block may be a contributory cause of sudden deterioration in otherwise well compensated patients with aortic insufficiency.
INSULIN SECRETION AFTER TOLBUTAMIDE AND AFTER SECRETIN IN PATIENTS WITH PANCREATIC DISEASES
Authors: Deckert T. , Kølendorf K. , Persson I. , Worning H.
Published: August 2010

Abstract In 20 patients with different pancreatic disorders the endocrine and the exocrine pancreatic function has been studied. The endocrine function was characterized by the glucose tolerance and by the changes in blood glucose and serum insulin concentration after tolbutamide and after secretin given intravenously. The exocrine pancreatic function was characterized by the concentration of amylase and lipase in the duodenal contents after ingestion of a meal and by the fecal fat excretion. The glucose tolerance was reduced in nine patients; it was not correlated to the exocrine pancreatic function. The insulin secretion following tolbutamide was significantly reduced, most pronouncedly in patients with a severe decrease of the exocrine pancreatic function. The insulin secretion following secretin was significantly reduced too. Patients with severe reduction of the exocrine pancreatic function failed to react with insulin secretion after secretin, although the same patients reacted with insulin secretion after tolbutamide. It is concluded that the effect of secretin on insulin secretion might be a result of the secretin‐induced change of the pH in the pancreatic tissue.
HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY EVALUATED BY AUTOMATIC PERIOD ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM DURING LACTULOSE TREATMENT
Authors: Kardel T. , Olsen P. Zander , Stigsby B. , Tønnesen K.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Eleven patients with liver cirrhosis and operative portacaval shunts have been followed clinically and by automatic period analysis of the EEG to study the effects of lactulose on the cerebral manifestations of liver disease. In three patients disturbances of consciousness of hepatic coma character were relieved, manifested by an increase of the dominant EEG frequency and a shift in the frequency spectrum towards normal. The improvement was evident within two to five days and was maintained for two days after withdrawal. Eight patients with varying degrees of intellectual impairment, but without disturbances of consciousness, did not improve and the EEG analysis was unchanged except in one with a subnormal dominant frequency. Thus patients with hepatic encephalopathy manifested by disturbances of consciousness and reduction in the dominant EEG frequency responded to lactulose therapy.
ANGIOTENSIN II PLASMA LEVELS IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Fyhrquist F. , Kala R. , Standertskiöld‐Nordenstam C.‐G. , Eisalo A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract The response of peripheral venous plasma angiotensin II (A‐II) to upright posture combined with an injection of furosemide was higher in patients with hypertension and associated renal parenchymal disease, renal artery stenosis or malignant hypertension than in patients with essential hypertension and normotensive control patients. Very low responses to the same stimuli were observed in primary aldosteronism. Markedly increased A‐II levels were measured in the renal veins of the affected kidneys in hypertensive patients with associated unilateral renal parenchymal disease or renal artery stenosis, suggesting that human kidneys contain considerable converting enzyme activity. Plasma A‐II levels were normalized in three patients with primary aldosteronism after removal of an adrenal adenoma and in one patient with malignant hypertension after bilateral nephrectomy and renal transplantation.
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SERUM LIPIDS IN MEN WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Kirkeby Knut , Ingvaldsen Per , Bjerkedal Inger
Published: August 2010

Abstract Studies of the fatty acid composition in cholesterol esters, phospholipids and triglycerides in serum have been made in 73 men with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and in 32 healthy men of comparable age. Of the patients 36 had previously had a myocardial infarction or a history of angina pectoris, while for the other 37 the present attack was their first symptom of coronary heart disease (CHD). Significant differences in fatty acid composition were observed between the two groups of patients with higher percentages of linoleic acid in patients with old CHD. Since linoleic acid proportions in serum to a large extent reflect dietary habits, it is thought that patients with an old CHD have been more assiduous in following diet recommendations given to the whole population, advocating “cholesterol‐lowering diets”, than subjects with no history of cardiac disease. It is concluded that data concerning fatty acid composition in patients with a history of old CHD cannot be used to evaluate dietary habits prior to the manifestation of CHD. It was demonstrated that in patients with an AMI as the first manifestation of CHD linoleic acid percentages were lower than in controls. The finding indicates dietary habits in the patients characterized by a high intake of saturated and monosaturated fats, low intake of essential fatty acids, and possibly a high intake of simple sugars. Differences were also observed in pentaenoic and hexaenoic acids, with higher values in the patient group. This finding does not support the assumption that pentaenoic and hexaenoic acids are significant in the prevention of CHD. In a smaller number of patients, admitted to the hospital within 6 hours after the initial attack of pain, studies were made on admission and on the following morning. These studies gave no indication of important changes in fatty acid composition occurring during the first 24 hours of the disease; and since all studies reported here were performed within 24 hours after onset of the attack, the results are probably representative of preinfarction fatty acid composition.