bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bulk and Single-cell transcriptome profiling reveal T cell-based diagnosis model and tumor microenvironment infiltration characterization in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yuyuan , Zhang Haonan , Xu Hui , Ren Yuqing , Chen Quan , Luo Peng , Zhang Jian , Liu Zaoqu , Han Xinwei
Published: June 2023

Background Considerable suspicious thyroid nodules still cannot be diagnosed after the preoperative fine needle aspiration, thereby novel diagnostic tools are imperative for clinical practice.Methods 884 thyroid cancer patients were enrolled from eight independent datasets and 29,561 cells were obtained from a single-cell RNA dataset. 20 published transcriptome signatures were retrieved.Results We comprehensively identified the significantly increased proportion of T cells in thyroid cancer via single-cell RNA analysis. Combined with the bulk expression data, 17 T cell-related genes were screened out. The thyroid diagnostic model (TDM), a consensus machine-learning-derived model, was determined and compared with 20 published transcriptome signatures. TMD displays stable and powerful performance with excellent AUCs in seven cohorts (1.000, 1.000, 1.000, 1.000, 1.000, 0.926, 0.904). Notably, the high-risk group is typically featured by high-immune states and cell invasiveness. Besides, the tumor immune microenvironment characterized high-risk group with high infiltration of antigen presentation-related cells, increased expression of antigen presentation-related molecules, and some co-inhibitor molecules, indicating enhanced immune activation and sensitivity to immunotherapy.Conclusion TDM provided an attractive potential approach for identifying thyroid cancer at high risk in an early stage and deciphering its immune microenvironment to optimize clinical management for patients with thyroid cancer.
Effects of maize/soybean intercropping on rhizosphere soil phosphorus availability and microbial phosphorus cycling genes in Northwest China
Authors: Wang Wenmin , Yin Fating , Gu Jiacheng , Wang Zhen , Zhang Fenghua , Li Luhua , Cheng Zhibo
Published: June 2023

Purpose
Maize/soybean intercropping is widely used as a vital practice to improve crop yields in northwest China. However, it is unknown how rhizosphere soil microbes regulate the P availability at the genetic level in maize/soybean intercropping.
Methods
We conducted an experiment to evaluate the effect of maize/soybean intercropping on rhizosphere soil P availability and P cycling functional genes using the BBP fractions and metagenomics methods. Soil samples were collected in the M, S, IM and IS.
Results
The SOC, TP, AP and PAC are improved in IM and IS. P fractions followed the order HCl-P > Citrate-P > Enzyme-P > CaCl2-P. The dominate soil microbial phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes. PCA and NMDS indicated that soil microbial composition differed among treatments. The abundance of phoD, ppa, ppx and pstC upregulated in the IM, the random forest analysis showed that these genes have the highest explanation for AP, suggesting that the improved availability in IM may due to the upregulation of these genes. RDA analysis indicated that pH, SMBP significantly correlated with P fractions, indicating that pH and SMBP are important factors in influencing soil P bioavailability. Inorganic P solubilization, regulatory and transporter genes were correlated with soil pH, TP and ALP, suggesting they were the key factors affecting the expression of functional genes related to soil P cycling.
Conclusion
Maize/soybean intercropping can increase rhizosphere soil P bioavailability. Although there are relationships between soil AP and microbial genes (phoD, ppa, ppx,and pstC), soil properties are more crucial than genes in shaping soil P bioavailability.
Exploring the biorefinery potential of Acrocomia aculeata: A native Mexican palm for sustainable resource valorization
Authors: Aguilar-Aguilar Fidel Alejandro , Mena-Cervantes Violeta Y. , García-Solares Montserrat , Hernández-Altamirano Raúl
Published: June 2023

The coyol (Acrocomia aculeata) is a native plant of Mexico that holds great potential as a crop due to its high fruit yield and relatively unexplored. This study aims to contribute significant insights into the physicochemical properties, macro, and micro composition of two Mexican coyol (Acrocomia aculeata) varieties from Veracruz and Chiapas and their potential integration into biorefinery processes. The results of this study indicate that the Acrocomia aculeata (Chiapas) crop could potentially yield approximately 6.49 to 23.09 tons per hectare of fruits. The kernel and mesocarp of the coyol fruit show promise as viable alternatives, with high yields of 5.81–11.34 tons/ha and 0.89–1.75 tons/ha, respectively, and an oil yield of 11.51 net tons/ha. Furthermore, the epicarp and mesocarp could perform as significant reserves of sustainable energy, containing substantial amounts of lignocellulosic material ranging from 2.58–5.05 tons/ha and 3.51–6.85 tons/ha, respectively. Consequently, the coyol fruit, including its mesocarp, kernel, epicarp, and kernel shell, presents an extraordinary potential as an energy source, for biofuel production, food-related activities, and as a chemical resource within the framework of the biorefinery concept. Continued exploration of this species in Mexico and America is encouraged due to its promising and sustainable nature, which can yield numerous long-term benefits.
Field validation of avian radar surveys: effects of differences in species and flock sizes on echoes
Authors: Kamata Taito , Sato Takahiro , Tateishi Koki , Koumura Kayo , Kawaguchi Yoichi , Sekijima Tsuneo
Published: June 2023

Radar is a powerful technology for surveys of avian movements. Validating the accuracy of radar detection is an essential step when establishing quantitative criteria for counting bird flocks. Previous studies on accuracy verification have focused on trajectory data after tracking echoes. However, as tracking algorithms differ among researchers, so radar detection performance has not been accurately validated. This study clarifies the positional and biological factors that influence the probability of detection (POD) and area (pixel size) of echoes on X-band marine radar. As positional factors, distance was found to have a negative effect on POD and pixel size, while elevation angle was a positive effect on POD. We confirmed that biological factors included species differences (body weight, wingspan, and soaring behavior) and waterfowl flock size. Body weight and flock size positively affected POD and pixel size. In predicting detection performance, the survey distance required to achieve 50% POD was 750 m or less for Grey-faced Buzzard Butastur indicus (0.4 kg), the lightest target species, but up to 1800 m for a pair of Bewick’s Swan Cygnus (columbianus) bewickii. This study contributes to establishing more relevant criteria when setting the range of radar surveys and tracking algorithms of echoes.
Perovskite single-pixel detector for dual-color metasurface imaging recognition in complex environment
Authors: Zheng Guoxing , Xiong Jiahao , Zhang Zhi-Hong , Li Zile , Zheng Peixia , Li Jiaxin , Zhang Xuan , Gao Zihan , Wei Zhipeng , Wang Shuangpeng , Liu Hongchao
Published: June 2023

Highly efficient multi-dimensional data storage and extraction are two primary ends for the design and fabrication of emerging optical materials. Although metasurfaces show great potential in information storage due to their modulation for different degrees of freedom of light, a compacted and efficient detector for relevant multi-dimensional data retrieval is still a challenge, especially in complex environments. Here, we demonstrate a multi-dimensional image storage and retrieval process by using a dual-color metasurface and a double-layer integrated perovskite single-pixel detector (DIP-SPD). Benefitting from the photoelectric response characteristics of the FAPbBr2.4I0.6 and FAPbI3 films and their stacked structure, our filter-free DIP-SPD can accurately reconstruct different colorful images stored in a metasurface within a single-round measurement, even in complex environments with scattering media or strong background noise. Our work not only provides a compacted, filter-free, and noise-robust detector for colorful images extraction in a metasurface, but also paves the way for color imaging application of perovskite-like bandgap tunable materials.
Inequality and Heterogeneity in Medical Resources for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Study in the Ethnic Minority Region of Southern China
Authors: Lin Yingying , Chen Guozhi , Lu HuaXiang , Qin RongFei , Jiang JinSheng , Tan WeiWei , Luo CaiBin , Chen Ming , Huang Qin , Huang LiangLiang , Ge Xianmin
Published: June 2023

Background
In recent years, medical interventional treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been gradually introduced in medical institutions in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China. However, the allocation of these medical resources has been uneven. This study describes the spatial allocation of medical resources for children with ASD in Guangxi, evaluates their supply and utilization, and expounds on their correlations with socioeconomic and demographic conditions.
Methods
This study was based on a special survey conducted from 2021 to 2022 by the Guangxi Disabled Rehabilitation Research Center. The number of medical institutions for children with ASD (MIIs), average number of ASD technicians per 10,000 target people (CTPP), and coverage rate of medical interventions (CMI) were set as dependent variables, while population density, proportion of town residents, total retail sales of consumer goods, disposable income per capita gross domestic product per capita (GDPpc), and number of enterprises above designated size were set as independent variables, all of which were included in the spatial statistical model. The main analysis methods was multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR).
Results
The allocation of MIIs (Moran's I = 0.119, p = 0.007), CTPP (Moran's I = 0.208, p = 0.017), and CMI (Moran's I = 0.251, p = 0.004) in Guangxi showed significant spatial autocorrelation. The medical resources formed high-value hot spots in major districts of core cities, while the medical resources were scarce in some remote ethnic minority counties and densely populated areas in southeastern Guangxi. MIIs showed significant spatial correlations with population density (EV=-0.225, p = 0.001), proportion of town residents (EV = 0.255, p = 0.002), total retail sales of consumer goods (EV = 0.806, p < 0.001), and disposable income per capita (EV=-0.267, p < 0.001). CTPP showed significant correlations with population density (EV = 0.211, p = 0.019), GDPpc (EV = 0.267, p = 0.002), total retail sales of consumer goods (EV = 0.382, p < 0.001), and number of enterprises above designated size (EV=-0.242, p = 0.005). CMI showed a significant association with proportion of town residents (EV = 0.415, p < 0.001), total retail sales of consumer goods (EV = 0.273, p = 0.006), and number of enterprises above designated size (EV=-0.236, p = 0.003).
Conclusions
The spatial allocation of medical resources for children with ASD in Guangxi is heterogeneous, and correlates varyingly with regional socioeconomic conditions as well as urbanization and demographic conditions.
Caspase-dependent apoptosis in Riboflavin Transporter Deficiency iPSCs and derived motor neurons
Authors: Moreno Sandra , Marioli Chiara , Muzzi Maurizio , Colasuonno Fiorella , Fiorucci Cristian , Cicolani Nicolò , Petrini Stefania , Bertini Enrico Silvio , Tartaglia Marco , Compagnucci Claudia
Published: June 2023

Riboflavin Transporter Deficiency (RTD) is a rare genetic, childhood-onset disease. This pathology has a relevant neurological involvement, being characterized by motor symptoms, ponto-bulbar paralysis and sensorineural deafness. Such clinical presentation is associated with muscle weakness and motor neuron (MN) degeneration, so that RTD is considered part of the MN disease spectrum. Based on previous findings demonstrating energy dysmetabolism and mitochondrial impairment in RTD induced Pluripotent Stem cells (iPSCs) and iPSC-derived MNs, here we address the involvement of intrinsic apoptotic pathways in disease pathogenesis using these patient-specific in vitro models by combined ultrastructural and confocal analyses. We show impaired neuronal survival of RTD iPSCs and MNs. Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB/SEM) documents severe alterations in patients’ cells, including deranged mitochondrial ultrastructure, and altered plasma membrane and nuclear organization. Occurrence of aberrantly activated apoptosis is confirmed by immunofluorescence and TUNEL assays. Overall, our work provides evidence of a role played by mitochondrial dysfunction in RTD, and identifies neuronal apoptosis as a contributing event in disease pathogenesis, indicating intrinsic apoptosis pathways as possible relevant targets for more effective therapeutical approaches.
SII in combination with hsCRP predict the risk of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Zhou Fei , Qiu Hang , Zhu Wenjuan , Yao Jiaxin , Zhuang Mengting , Fei Sujuan
Published: June 2023

Objective
To investigate the relationship between the development of post-ERCP pancreatitis(PEP)and the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in patients treated via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP), and to further analyze the predictive value of SII in combination with hsCRP for PEP.
Methods
The clinical data of patients treated with ERCP in our department from January 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Restricted cubic splines were used to determine the correlation between SII and hsCRP and the risk of PEP.Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting PEP.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predictive value of SII, hsCRP and their combined levels for PEP.
Results
Restricted cubic spline analysis showed that SII > 669.06×109/L and hsCRP > 13.94mg/dL were positively correlated with the incidence of PEP.The incidence of PEP increases with the development of inflammatory state.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of SII combined with hsCRP was 0.819, which was higher than that of SII or hsCRP alone.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for PEP were female proportion,the maximum diameter of large choledochal stones, blood amylase measured three hours after surgery, and elevation of SII and hsCRP.
Conclusion
Within a specific range, elevated inflammatory markers SII and hsCRP are risk factors for developing PEP after ERCP.The combination of SII and hsCRP was more accurate in predicting the risk of PEP than either biomarker alone.
Data analysis at community level for optimizing the use of Praziquantel among communities requiring preventive chemotherapy in Senegal
Authors: Diop Boubacar , SYLLA Khadime , Kane NDèye MBacké , Boh Oumou Kaltoum , Guèye Babacar , Ba Mady , MANE Malang Mané , Kinvi Boniface , Zoure Honorat Gustave Marie , Ortega Jorge Cano , Mwinzi Pauline , Sacko Moussa , Faye Babacar
Published: June 2023

Background
Over the past two decades, preventive chemotherapy (PC) with Praziquantel is the major strategy for controlling schistosomiasis in Senegal. This data analysis was aimed at updating the endemicity of schistosomiasis at community level for better targeting of mass treatment with Praziquantel in Senegal.
Methods
Demographic and epidemiological data from 1610 community health areas were analyzed using the WHO/AFRO schistosomiasis sub-district data optimization tool 2021. The tool appliease a WHO/AFRO decision tree for areas without epidemiological data to determine if mass tretaments should be continued at community level.
Results
Overall, the endemicity of the 1610 community health areas (CHA) were updated based on the data in JRSM form (40.5%) and the use of endemicity at implementation unit (IU) (33.5%). Up to 282 (17.5%) and 398 (24.7%) community health areas were classified as moderate and high endemicity. 41.1% of communities were non endemic. High endemicity was more important in Tambacounda, Saint Louis, Matam, Louga and Kedougou. A change in endemicity category was observed when data was disagregted from district level to community level. The number of implementation units classified as non endemic was higher at community level (n = 666) compared to district level (n = 324). Among 540 areas previously classified as high endemic by district level data aggregation, 392 (72.6%) remained high prevalence category, while 92 (17%) became moderate, 43 (8.0%) low and 13 (2.4%) non-endemics at community level. Number of IU requiring PC was more important at district level (1286) compared to community level (944). Number of SAC requiring treatment was also more important at district level compared to community level.
Conclusion
The analysis to disaggregate data from district level to community level using the WHO/AFRO schistoisomiasis sub-district data optimization tool has allowed to target schistisomiasis interventions, optimize use of available PZQ and exposed data gaps.
The Prognosis of Prothrombin Activity in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Hu Sutian , Zeng Weijie , Zhang Yitao , Chen Zhichong , Cheng Shiyao , Ouyang Mao , Chen Lin , Xue Jiaojie
Published: June 2023

Background: Patients with heart failure frequently exhibit coagulation dysfunction and abnormal liver function. Prothrombin activity (PTA) serves as a sensitive indicator to assess these irregularities. Thus, our objective was to assess the prognostic significance of PTA in risk assessment for heart failure.
Method: The database is sourced from this paper1. In this retrospective cohort study, it recruited 2008 patients with heart failure admitted to Zigong Fourth People’s Hospital between December 2016 to June 2019. Demographic data, medical history, Charlson score at admission, Glasgow coma score(GCS) and their first blood samples after admission were all collected, including biochemical electrolytes, coagulation function, liver and kidney function, jaundice routine, blood analysis, and blood gas analysis. These patients were followed up for six months. The primary end point of follow-up was all-cause death, and the secondary end point was readmission within six months.
Results: In this retrospective cohort study, the all-cause mortality rate was 2.1% (n=42) at six months. Significant differences were observed between the fatal and non-fatal groups in terms of PTA and the proportion of patients with grade IV cardiac function. PTA demonstrated promising potential as a predictor of all-cause mortality, with an optimal threshold of 60.94 (p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated lower survival and higher re-hospitalization rates in patients with PTA≤60.94. Multivariate analyses identified creatinine, D-dimer, AST, GCS, and PTA≤60.94[OR3.990(1.551-10.263), P=0.004] as independent predictors of mortality. For re-hospitalization, PTA≤60.94 [OR1.814(1.436-2.292), P＜0.001] were remain an independent predictor.
Conclusion: Prothrombin activity provides powerful prognostic information for patients with heart failure.
Bond Strength of Zirconia Ceramics to Dentin Using Two Resin Cements: Influence of Dentin Conditioning
Authors: El-Khbeer Ahmed Abd , Ghorab Sayed , Attia Ahmed
Published: June 2023

Background
Dentin adhesion has difficult challenge compared to enamel adhesion. The purpose of the current study was to assess the impact of different dentin conditioning methods and two different resin cements on bond strength of zirconia ceramics to dentin.
Methods
A total of 64 zirconia discs were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology according to the desired dimensions (8mm diameter ×3mm thickness). A total of 64molars mounted in plastic rings with acrylic resin were prepared by exposing flat coronal dentin surfaces by removing the occlusal enamel and superficial dentin. The prepared molars were divided into 4 main groups (n = 16) according to dentin surface treatment; Dentin left as cutted, treated with EDTA, treated with Polyacrylic Acid (PAA), treated with self-etch adhesive. Each main group was subdivided into 2 subgroups (n = 8) according to luting cement used. One of the subgroups, zirconia discs were bonded to conditioned dentin surface using adhesive resin cement (VITA ADIVA® F-CEM). The other subgroup was bonded using self-adhesive resin cement (Calibra®Universal). After bonding, all specimens were stored in water bath at 37⁰C for 6 months followed by 10.000 thermal cycles. After artificial aging, all bonded specimens underwent shear bond strength testing using universal testing machine. The data was parametric and normally distributed. Two-way ANOVA was used to test significant difference in shear stress between cements and between surface treatments followed by post hoc Tukey test for correction of p value resulted from multiple comparisons. P is significant if < 0.05 at confidence interval 95%.
Results
There was a significant difference in shear bond strength between surface treatments. The highest shear bond strength was reported with Self-etch adhesive, followed by PAA, then EDTA surface treatments, and the lowest shear bond strength was reported with as cutted dentin. Also,There was a significant difference between each two surface treatments except between PAA and EDTA for adhesive resin cement group.
Conclusion
Define dentin surface treatment with self etch adhesive is recommended before bonding zirconia restoration overall the conditioning materials, followed by PAA and EDTA. Specially with self-adhesive resin cement (Calibra universal cement).
Fatty liver is associated with significant liver inflammation but does not increase fibrosis burden in Chronic HBV infection
Authors: Dai Yi-Ning , Xu Cheng-Fu , Pan Hong-Ying , Chen Mei-Juan , Yu Chao-Hui
Published: June 2023

Background:Concurrent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in patients with chronic HBV infection. But the impact of fatty liver on the histologic progression of HBV infection remains controversial.Methods:Consecutive HBV-infected patients who underwent liver biopsy between 2016 and 2021 were included. Alcohol consumption and other types of viral hepatitis were excluded. All biopsies were scored for grading and staging by Scheuer’s score, and the steatosis was scored as an estimate of the percentage of liver parenchyma replaced by fat. Logistic regression analyses were applied to assess the associated factors for significant liver inflammation (G≥2) and significant fibrosis (S≥2).Results:Among the871 HBV-infected patients,hepatic steatosis was prevalent in 255 patients (29.28%). Significant liver inflammation was present in 461 patients (52.93%), while significant fibrosis was observed in 527 patients (60.51%). Fatty liver was an independent risk factor for significant liver inflammation (OR: 2.117, 95% CI: 1.500-2.988), but it could not predict significant fibrosis. Especially, in HBV-infected patients with persistent normal ALT (immune tolerant and inactive carrier phase), the presence of significant liver inflammation was higher in NAFLD than those without NAFLD. However, in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B, the presence of significant liver fibrosis was lower in NAFLD group than those with non-NAFLD. We developed a predictive model for significant liver inflammation with the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.825, and a model for significant fibrosis with the AUROC of 0.760.Conclusions:NAFLD is independently associated with significant liver inflammation, but does not increase the fibrosis severity in HBV-infected patients. The influence of NAFLD on the degree of liver inflammation and fibrosis is different in distinct clinical phases of chronic HBV infection.
An Evidence Update to Explore Molecular Targets and Protective Mechanisms of Apigenin against Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation
Authors: LI DONGYU , WANG LEI , JIANG BO , MIAO YUXI , LI XUAN
Published: June 2023

Abdominal aortic aneurysms(AAA) is a life-threatening disease and the incidence of AAA is still on the rise in recent years. Numerous studies suggest dietary moderate consumption of polyphenol exert beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease. Apigenin(API) is a promising dietary polyphenol and possesses potent beneficial effects on our body. Although our previous study revealed protective effects of API on experimental AAA formation, up till now few studies were carried out to further investigate its involved molecular mechanisms. In the present study, network pharmacology combined molecular docking and experimental validation was used to explore API-related therapeutic targets and mechanisms in the treatment of AAA. Firstly, we collected 202 API-related therapeutic targets and 2475 AAA-related pathogenetic targets. After removing duplicates, a total of 68 potential therapeutic targets were obtained. Moreover, 5 targets with high degree including TNF, ACTB, INS, JUN and MMP9 were identified as core targets of API for treating AAA. In addition, functional enrichment analysis indicated API exerted pharmacological effects in AAA by affecting versatile mechanisms, including apoptosis, inflammation, blood fluid dynamics and immune modulation. Molecular docking results further supported that API had strong affinity with the above core targets. Furthermore, protein level of core targets and related pathways were evaluated in a Cacl2-induced AAA model by using western blot and immunohistochemistry. The experimental validation results demonstrated that API significantly attenuated phosphorylation of JUN and protein level of predicted core targets. Taken together, based on network pharmacological and experimental validation, our study systematically explored associated-core targets and potential therapeutic pathways of API for AAA treatment, which could supply valuable insights and theoretical basis for AAA treatment.
Comparison between T-piece or CPAP and pressure support ventilation in spontaneous breathing trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yiyun , Jia Lu , Wang Pufeng , Cao Min , Liu Siqi , Huo Runbo , Xie Jianfeng
Published: June 2023

Background
The ideal time to wean off of a ventilator has been predicted using the spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). Which trial ought to be chosen with preference is still debatable. Among critically sick patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV) our goal was to evaluate typical SBT modalities such as pressure support ventilation (PSV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and T-piece.
Methods
We searched the PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science database for RCTs from inception to the 30th of Nov. 2022. We included RCTs involving adult patients (> 18 years) who underwent at least two different SBT methods. Primary outcome was extubation. Secondary outcomes were reintubation, mechanical ventilation duration, intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, and hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay and hospital length of stay. Statistical analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.4 and trial sequence analysis (TSA). Results were expressed as risk ratio (RR) or mean difference (MD) with accompanying 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results
Twenty-one RCTs comprising 4636 patients are included. The results of this meta-analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the successful extubation rate between the T-piece or CPAP group and PSV group (risk ratio [RR] = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90–0.96; P < 0.00001; Chi2 = 7.86; I2 = 0%). In addition, there was statistically difference in the hospital mortality between 2 groups (risk ratio [RR] = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.01–1.49; P = 0.04; ChI2 = 3.07; I2 = 0%). Compared with the PS group, the T-piece or CPAP group showed no significant difference in other secondary outcomes. Further subgroup analysis found that the duration of mechanical ventilation appeared to be shorter in the PSV group than in the T-piece group in patients with difficult weaning.
Conclusions
The prognostic power of T-piece, CPAP, and PSV as SBTs for effective extubation in critically ill patients is seen as being equivalent. PSV has the potential to increase the success rate of patient extubation when compared to T-piece or CPAP. In addition, the PSV group appeared to have an advantage over the other group in lowering hospital mortality and cutting the time those patients with difficult weaning.
Clinical Impact of Fluoropolymer-Based Drug-eluting Stent Thrombosis in Femoropopliteal Artery Occlusive Lesions
Authors: Shimizu Haruna , Kobayashi Taira , Okazaki Takanobu , Mochizuki Shingo , Sato Tomoyasu , Maeda Kazuki , Emura Shogo , Arai Yasunori , Kato Yuichi , Takahashi Shinya
Published: June 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Durability and Microstructure Analysis of Cupola Replacement in Fine Aggregate and Reinforced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Patil Ashwini , Kapure Harshada
Published: June 2023

Aiming to compare the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of conventional concrete with graphene-reinforced concrete with 0.05% wt and partially replacing cupola slag as a fine aggregate concrete using a scanning electron microscope and various mechanical methods to identify the effect of GO and copula on concrete. Through extensive experimental testing, the impacts of the GO concentration, the water content ratio, and cupola on the mechanical characteristics of GO and cupola composites made of cement were fully examined. The test findings reveal that concrete's compressive and split tensile strengths are surprisingly increased when compared with convectional concrete while using a consistent w/c ratio and an ideal 30% cupola as replacements of fine aggregate. According to studies on the composition-microstructure-strength connection, adding GO could improve the macroscopic properties of cement-based composites by improving the microstructure of the cement's hydration products, lowering crystal size, and producing a denser and more regular network structure. The filling impact, hydrating effect, and polymerization impact of GO may be maximised with the right combination of the water to carbon proportions and GO concentration..
Maternal satisfaction with shared decision-making among women who underwent caesarean section in Sidama region South Ethiopia: Facility-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Wondimu Melkamu Getu , Sisay Binyam Demisse , Aga Meseret Birhanu , Alemu Belete
Published: June 2023

Background:- Maternal satisfaction with shared decision-making is one of the most important aspects of the healthcare delivery system that aims at providing quality services that meet the expectations of the mothers. In Ethiopia have been limited studies of maternal satisfaction with shared decision-making. Therefore, the study aims to explore maternal satisfaction with involvement in decision-making to identify the key influencing factors.
Methods:- Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 01/2022-July 01/2022 in Sidama region Public Hospitals, among women who underwent a caesarean section. The total sample size was 416. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participant. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression was carried out. The strength of the association of outcome and predictor variables was presented by crude and adjusted odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval. Variables with a p-value of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Result:-In this study, among total study participants, 174 (41.8%) respondents were satisfied with shared decision-making during a caesarean section. Urban residence [AOR 1.7 (95% CI: 1.02, 2.7)], explaining the procedure in the mother tongue [AOR 2.4 (95% CI: 1.5, 3.9)], provision adequate information [AOR 3.2 (95% CI: 1.87, 5.3)] and spent sufficient time with care providers [AOR 1.8(95% CI: 1.08, 2.9)]were positively associated with maternal satisfaction.
Conclusion and recommendation:-Maternal satisfaction with shared decision-making are relatively low. Therefore, healthcare providers need to do more to increase mothers' satisfaction with collaborative decision-making during the procedure.
Influence of The Embedded Participant on Learners’ Performance during High-Fidelity Simulation Sessions in Healthcare
Authors: Koca Ayça , Schlatter Sophie , Delas Quentin , Denoyel Lucas , Lehot Jean-Jacques , Lilot Marc , Rimmelé Thomas
Published: June 2023

Introduction
The embedded participant (EP) plays a key role during a full scale/high-fidelity simulation (HFS) session. He/she is expected to guide the learner towards the achievement of the educational objectives of the scenario. However, his/her influence on learners’ performance stands undetermined and this effect remains briefly addressed in the literature. This study primarily aims to assess whether the EP could influence on the performance of the learner during a HFS scenario. The secondary aim was to establish an inventory of the EP practices in France.
Methods
This retrospective study was conducted in an academic Health Simulation Centre (France). Anaesthesia and critical care residents in postgraduate years 1 to 5 who were scheduled for their HFS sessions during the 2016 to 2021 academic years were included. Two investigators independently evaluated the resident performance regarding both technical and non-technical skills from video recordings. In addition, a nationwide survey was sent out by email through the networks of the Francophone Healthcare Simulation Society (SoFraSimS, Société Francophone de Simulation en Santé) to collect information on EP practices in French-speaking Simulation centres.
Results
From a total of 344 HFS videos analysed, a cohort of 19 experienced EPs was identified. The EPs had an influence on the technical and non-technical performances of the learners. The 147 responses to the survey showed that predefined rules of EP good practice existed in only 36% of the simulation centres and 65% of respondents believed that specific EP training would be justified.
Conclusion
EP can exert an influence on the performance of the learners during HFS. For acting as an EP, a great variability of practices and a lack of training are reported by professionals working in simulation centres. These results suggest that more attention must be paid to EP training and attitudes during simulation, especially if summative simulations are extensively developed.
Beam-steering of Dielectric Flat Lens Nanoantenna with Elliptical Patch based on Antenna Displacement for Optical Wireless Applications
Authors: Helmy Fatma , Ibrahim Ibrahim , Saleh Amany
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the switched-beam nanoantenna (NA) concept is introduced with a theoretical design of an inhomogeneous dielectric flat lens modelled with different materials to steer and enhance the radiation in a particular direction based on shifting the illuminator element. Firstly, the design of hybrid plasmonic NA is introduced and analyzed considering different silicon patch shapes such as rectangular, circular, hexagonal, and elliptical shapes. The elliptical patch NA achieves a gain of up to 10.7 dBi and a return loss of -14.41 dB. Then the design of a gradient-index dielectric flat lens with the NA is introduced to improve the antenna performance by increasing the directivity and consequently decreasing the beam-width. Furthermore, the beam-steering capabilities by displacement of the NA according to different feeding points along the X and Y-direction. By using the gradient-index dielectric flat lens, the gain is increased to 18.4 dBi with an improvement in the return loss reach to -19.15 dB compared with traditional NA. In addition, the beam-steering capabilities were achieved with a range ± 60° × ±55° with acceptable average antenna gain, side-lobe levels, and half power beam-width of 16.5 dBi, -12.3 dB and 13.6° respectively.
Adhesion is a risk factor for postoperative recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Motono Nozomu , Mizoguchi Takaki , Ishikawa Masahito , Iwai Shun , Iijima Yoshihito , Uramoto Hidetaka
Published: June 2023

Background
Several risk factors for postoperative recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax have been reported, but the identified risk factors differed among studies.
Methods
A total of 272 spontaneous pneumothorax patients were enrolled in this retrospective study, and the risk factors for postoperative recurrence were evaluated.
Results
Among the patients, more than 80% with ipsilateral postoperative recurrence relapsed within 3 years and more than 80% with contralateral postoperative recurrence relapsed within 4 years. Univariate analyses showed that age < 25 years (p < 0.01), Brinkman index = 0 (p = 0.03), intraoperative adhesion (p = 0.04), and upward lung volume > 75.8% (p = 0.03) were significant risk factors for ipsilateral postoperative recurrence. Age < 25 years (odds ratio: 10.41; 95% confidence interval: 1.42–76.15; p = 0.02) and intraoperative adhesion (odds ratio: 10.18; 95% confidence interval: 2.39–43.22; p < 0.01) were identified as risk factors for ipsilateral postoperative recurrence in a multivariate analysis.
Conclusions
The present findings suggest that young age and intraoperative adhesion are risk factors for postoperative recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax. For such patients, additional intraoperative procedures, such as covering with polyglycolic acid sheet for primary spontaneous pneumothorax and covering with absorbable oxidized cellulose with 50% glucose solution, may be required to reduce postoperative recurrence.
Trial registration:
The Institutional Review Board of Kanazawa Medical University approved the protocol of this retrospective study (approval number: I800), and written informed consent was obtained from all patients
Gendered Pathways to Socioemotional Competencies in Very Young Children
Authors: Liu Qin , Huang Jing , Caldwell Melissa Pearl , Cheung Sum Kwing , Cheung Him , Siu Carrey
Published: June 2023

Parent-child and teacher-child relationships are important correlates of children’s socioemotional competencies. However, less is known about whether these relationship qualities play a role in shaping the early development of socioemotional competencies in very young children attending childcare group settings. The current study aims to address this gap and to explore how child gender may moderate these associations. The participants included 395 children (203 girls; Mage = 21.18 months, SD = 10.26 months) enrolled in childcare centres, along with their parents and teachers. Parents reported on children’s socioemotional competencies as well as their relationship quality with children, and teachers reported on their relationship quality with children. Multiple group structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the results. The findings showed that both parent-child and teacher-child closeness were positively associated with children’s social competence, whereas teacher-child closeness was negatively associated with children’s anxiety behaviour. Furthermore, gender differences were observed in these associations. Teacher-child closeness was a significant predictor of social competence exclusively among girls, while parent-child closeness was a significant predictor of anxiety behaviours solely among boys. Findings suggested that parents and teachers may consider implementing tailored strategies when interacting with boys and girls who experience socioemotional difficulties in group settings in the early years.
Use of an AMCA-modified specific DNA aptamer for rapid detection of Vibrio vulnificus
Authors: Cai Shumei , Lian Xia , Liu Yichu , Wang Shuiliang , Huang Aiwen , Zhao Meng , zhang shenghang
Published: June 2023

Vibrio vulnificus (V.V) can cause serious infections in humans. The traditional method to culture this pathogen is time-consuming and has a high failure rate. Common pathogenic microorganisms present in the seawater of the Fujian Sea area were collected, cultured, and identified. The samples were found to contain mainly Staphylococcus aureus (S.A), Escherichia coli (E. Coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.A), V.V, Vibrio alginolyticus (V.A), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V.P). A DNA aptamer was constructed with an aminomethylcoumarin acetate (AMCA) modification on the 5’ ends, to target V.V and generate a fluorescent signal upon contact. Using this custom aptamer, we were able to detect the presence of V.V through fluorescence microscopy. Based on the pathogenic microorganisms we identified in our samples, the aptamer was screened and optimized for rapid detection of V.V infections. We used modified aptamers to detect V.V from 50 bacteria. In this experiment, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the modified aptamer to detect V.V were 100%[95%CI(0.39,1)], 93.4%[95%CI(0.81,0.98)], 57%[95%CI(0.20,0.88), 100%[95%CI(0.89,1) respectively. We are able to rapidly detect V.V specimens via a fluorescence reaction within 30 minutes. Our results showed that this modified DNA aptamer have potential diagnosis of V.V infection. We need more research to explore the application of aptamers in pathogen infection.
Reflections Seven Years on From the First Declaration of Climate Emergency: Large-Scale Text Analysis of Local Government Climate Policy in Australia
Authors: Davidson Kathryn , Mokhles Sombol , Nyuyen Thi Minh Phuong , Kadyrova Alina
Published: June 2023

Seven years on from the first declaration of climate emergency, we will undertake a large-scale text analysis of local government climate strategy documents of 196 climate policies over 140 local governments in Australia from 2016 to the end of 2022. We aim to ascertain whether we have witnessed a shift in the policy response from ‘business as usual’ towards a new emergency mode of climate governance. We focus on Australia as the home to the first declaration of climate emergency from local government. We utilise topic modelling to depict the commonalities and divergences of key topics/themes in the climate policies of local government in Australia to map these key topics against a framework that identifies key attributes of climate emergency policy framing mode. The size of our dataset enables us to draw conclusions, although limited to Australia, and we conclude that local governments that did declare a climate emergency have a higher presence of the attributes of climate emergency mode. Key to note is the presence of topics for the attributes of urgency of action, prioritisation of action, and social mobilisation points to a move away from business as usual to accelerated climate action in local governments that declared a climate emergency.
Pollen exine spontaneously shedding in the angiosperm Annona montana (Annonaceae)
Authors: Li Bing Xin , Xu Feng Xia
Published: June 2023

Background
It is generally considered that exine is vital for interactions with stigmas, and pollen exine shedding during pollination has never been reported in angiosperms. However, Annona montana, located at Annonaceae family in basal angiosperms, was observed spontaneously shedding exine in stigma exudates and any watery solution.
Results
We demonstrated the entire process of A. montana pollen exine shedding in vivo and in vitro, verified that water is the only necessary medium for A. montana pollen shedding, and exine shedding is an unavoidable step before pollen germination. Since pollen volume of A. montana did not change remarkably before and after hydration, it is undoubtedly that exine shedding in this species might be related with exine, rather than the intine-absorbing water.
Conclusions
Pollen shedding exine in A. montana exhibits a special and rare reproductive characteristic in angiosperms, which will update what we have previously recognized that exine is essential in reproductive processes.
Deciduous woody species have more conservative leaves when increased water is available in a dry tropical forest
Authors: Yule Tamires Soares , Arruda Rosani do Carmo Oliveira , Santos Mauro Guida dos
Published: June 2023

Species in dry environments may adjust their morphological and physiological behaviors by adopting safer or more efficient strategies. Thus, species distributed across a water availability gradient may possess different phenotypes depending on the specific environmental conditions to which they are subjected. Leaf and vascular tissues are plastic and may vary strongly in response to environmental changes, such as water-use strategies, affecting an individual’s fitness and species distribution. To identify whether and how legumes vary across a water availability gradient in a seasonally dry tropical forest, we quantified leaf construction costs and performed an anatomical study on the leaves of seven legume species. We evaluated seven species, which were divided into three categories of rainfall preference: wet species, which are more abundant in wetter areas; indifferent species, which are more abundant and occur indistinctly under both rainfall conditions; and dry species, which are more abundant in dryer areas. We observed two different behavioral patterns based on rainfall preference categories. Contrary to our expectations, wet and indifferent species changed traits in the sense of security when occupying lower rainfall areas, whereas dry species changed some traits when more water was available. Trischidium molle, the most plastic and wet species, exhibited similar behavior to the dry species. Generally, intraspecific variation did not occur in adopting relatively more conservative characteristics, at least at the foliar level, with reduced water availability. Our results corroborate the risks to vegetation under future climate change scenarios as stressed species and populations may not endure even more severe conditions.
Impact of Flawed Self-Assessment on Learning Motivation in Emergency Point-of- Care Ultrasound
Authors: Bansbach Joachim , Trifunovic-Koenig Milena , Bentele Michael , Bollinger Matthias , Bentele Stefanie , Langenhan Ronny , Gerber Bianka , Bushuven Stefan
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Learning motivation is essential to obtain and maintain ultrasound competencies in emergency medicine. Where refresher training is not mandatory, self-assessment is required to evaluate one’s competencies and the need for further training. This can be flawed by overconfidence effects, which inhibits learners´ metacognition and possibly learning motivation. Methods: In this cross-sectional multicentre project, we presented eight ultrasound loops of different pathologies to emergency physicians of different specialities. In addition, the physicians assessed their own and others’ competence and learning motivation using the Situational Motivation Scale comprising intrinsic motivation, external and identified regulation, and amotivation. Results: We were unable to detect generalized overconfidence effects in 86 physicians. However, the subgroup analysis revealed that some specialist physicians with completed training were overconfident, while those still in training were not. Overplacement negatively correlated with intrinsic learning motivation and identified regulation and positively correlated to amotivation. Further analyses revealed that learning motivation was associated with the interactions of the physicians’ risk perception, speciality, and self-assessment. Discussions Our results show that some overconfidence effects are present even in the advanced skill of emergency ultrasound. However, an absence of feedback can lead to a misjudgement of own competencies and even reduce their willingness to participate in training. Particularly trainers and experts whose skills are not further assessed could pose a risk to the patient as they may overconfidently train learners incorrectly. Therefore, lifelong training in emergency ultrasound should include ongoing expert training to avoid misconceptions and ensure patient safety.