bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Workplace Spirituality: A Systematic Review and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Dubey Sujla , Bedi Sarbjit Singh
Published: May 2023

Organizations continue to be challenged and enriched by the workplace spirituality phenomenon. The field has made significant strides, making it a burgeoning research area, but it lacks conceptual clarity due to multiple conceptualizations and constructs. This study aims to integrate
the study in the field to provide a holistic understanding of the concept through a systematic review of the extant literature, from 2000 to December 2022. The study synthesizes literature with full-text review of 92 papers in the field extracted from Scopus database using bibliometric and
TCCM analysis. While the bibliometric study identified the latest trends, TCCM provided new avenues for future research in form of research questions. The study revealed that the field suffers from conceptual confusion because spirituality as a phenomenon is idiosyncratic. Further, research
highlights the need for more qualitative in-depth, multi-theory, longitudinal, multicontext, and cross-cultural studies to enhance methodological rigor. The review further highlights the development to formulate a solid theoretical foundation and help managers devise strategies to promote
spiritual values in the workplace and foster spiritual experience among employees. To best of the author's knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive literature review using a hybrid approach.
The Topography of Smell as A Place-Making Subject
Authors: Meral Seda
Published: May 2023

A person can perceive a place from different angles with different senses. The sense of smell produces permanent information in human memory depending on certain temporal and spatial factors. Place-making can be considered alert physical and mental relationships established with space, containing habits and subjectivities. In the context of place-making practices, experiencing a part of the city via smell-walking creates a smell topography. Even if the smells are the same, the smell topographies of the users produce subjective information for the same space. Questioning the subjective contribution of smell topographies to place-making constitutes the main issue of this study. Within the scope of the study, smell walks were carried out by different participants in Kadıköy Pier and Bazaar. One of the study results is that while smell topographies are the object of the place, it is also the subject of the place-making.
Literature Review: Urban Cluster as Determinant Factor to Land Value Variation in Real Estate Market
Authors: Muhtadi Iman
Published: May 2023

In the context of real estate, the land is considered as the base element which can be further developed into a sale product and offered in the market at certain value. The word ‘value’ in the real estate market can change quite easily, likewise with land values. Land value has many determinants, with one of the most influencing factors is location. A city is a place for humans to do activities that are always changing and developing. Any changes that occur in the urban structure will definitively affect all the elements in it, including environmental and surrounding conditions. The development of a city is strongly influenced by urban economic activities in which they have the power to change the urban structure spatially, one of which is the development of urban clusters. This study will discuss/examine the previous literature in-depth on how a land value can vary, what factors and proxies are known to affect land value, and look for their relationship to changes/developments in urban conditions.
Urban Agriculture In The Neighbourhoods Of Khulna: Towards Biophilic Urbanism
Authors: Roy Maria
Published: May 2023

Rapid and uncontrolled urbanisation is posing severe environmental issues to cities in the developing countries. Biophilic urbanism, an emerging concept of urban planning that aspires for regenerative sustainability. Urban agriculture, among the several features of biophilic cities, can generate direct short-term economic gains. This study on a city of a developing economy aims to inquire about the scope of urban agriculture at the neighbourhood level. The research applied semi-structured interviews of the residents, visual observation, mapping, review of relevant policy documents and key informant interviews. The results indicate that existing community-led practices are offering vegetables and shades. There are spaces to incorporate urban agriculture as well. Given that the government and non-governmental organizations support this concept, it is remarkable that residents are willing to embrace urban agriculture in a more organized manner. Supportive regulatory frameworks reflect political will toward biophilic urbanism, but institutional support is still required for effective implementation. The findings of this study suggest that biophilic urbanism could be implemented in the urban areas of developing economies.
CASES OF SURFACE CORROSIVE BURNS IN MAYO HOSPITAL, LAHORE FROM 2013-PRESENT
Authors: MUHAMMAD SHARJEEL  , MOHAMMED SALMAN ABDULLAH  , HUMAYOUN TEMOOR  , ARIF RASHEED MALIK
Published: May 2023

Background: South Asian society has a long history of surface corrosive burns. Acid throwing or vitriolage results in physical, social and psychological challenges and remains a major issue worldwide.

Objective: To collect data regarding frequency, age and gender distribution, burnt surface area, nature, major body parts damaged and mortality in surface corrosive burns at the medico-legal clinic of Mayo hospital, Lahore (Pakistan) from 1st January, 2013 upto September, 2018.

Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study at the medico-legal clinic of Mayo hospital, Lahore. The data of 38 surface corrosive burn cases was collected from 1st January, 2013 to September 2018 by consecutive sampling. All cases involving any surface chemical/corrosive burn were selected, while excluding wet burns, flame burns, substance poisoning etc. The data was obtained on a data collection proforma and analyzed by using SPSS version 23.0. These cases were categorized on the basis of the year of presentation, gender & age, burnt surface area, nature of burns, damage to any sensory or vital function and any resulting mortality. The research was conducted after obtaining an ethical approval by Institutional Review Board of King Edward Medical University, Lahore. Results: Surface corrosive burns constituted almost 0.0026% of the 14,550 medico-legal cases during the said duration. There were 21 males and 17 females. About 1/3rd of cases were between 21-30 years of age. Almost 42% cases had 9-18 % of body surface area burnt and 34.2% had less than 9% surface area burnt. Nearly 66% had been the victims of homicidal burns while 26.3% were burnt accidentally. About 42% individuals were subjected to vitriolage, involving face and eyes. No mortality was seen.

Conclusion: Surface corrosive burns specially vitriolage, although rare (0.0026%), cause a significant threat to the facial identity. They were mainly homicidal/accidental in nature, more frequent in males with a higher occurrence from 11 to 50 years of age.
PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI GURU JENJANG SD MELALUI SUPERVISI AKADEMIK DI LOMBOK TENGAH
Authors: RIZAL LALU AMIR
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this research is to improve the quality of learning and teacher competence through the implementation of academic supervision. The research method used is School Action Research (PTS) with a quantitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques with interviews, document studies and observation. The results of the study show that through academic supervision can improve teacher competence in aspects of planning and implementing learning in a good category. This result was achieved due to good cooperation between the Principal and Supervised Teachers. The principal discusses with the teacher the problems faced by the teacher in the process of planning and implementing learning. Academic supervision carried out by supervisors is an effort to improve the teaching and learning process so that it can produce learning that is pro-student. Academic supervision can help teachers to improve their competence as educators.

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran dan kompetensi guru melalui implementasi supervisi akademik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah (PTS) dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, studi dokumen dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa melalui supervise akademik dapat meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam aspek perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan kategori baik. Hasil ini dapat dicapai karena adanya kerjasama yang baik antar Kepala Sekolah dan Guru yang disupervisi. Kepala Sekolah berdiskusi dengan guru mengenai masalah yang dihadapi guru pada proses perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Supervisi akademik yang dilakukan pengawas merupakan usaha untuk memperbaiki proses belajar mengajar sehingga dapat menghasilkan pembelajaran yang berpihak kepada murid. Supervisi akademik dapat membantu guru untuk meninggkatkan kompetensi mereka sebagai seorang pendidik.
Diversity of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on Several Types of Plantations in Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province
Authors: Roza Silvia , Yaherwandi  , Efendi Siska
Published: May 2023

Ant diversity in the plantation ecosystem has an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and the continuity of crop production. It aims to find out ant diversity and the role of ants present in oil palm, rubber, and cocoa plantation ecosystems in Dharmasraya District. The research location is Kecamatan Pulau Punjung, Sitiung, and Koto Besar. The method used in this research is Systematic Random Sampling (Random Design Selected). Sampling using the Qudran Protocol method is Soil And Leaf Litter Sieving, Pitfall trap, Bait Trap, and Hand Collecting. Identification is done at the Laboratory of Animal Taxonomy, Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University. The diversity and evenness of ants in some types of plantations in Dharmasraya Regency were moderate (H '<1) and (E <0.63). There were 16 species of ants; the most abundant species were Aneplolephis graciliphes and Odontoponera denticulate.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF BLOOD OF KARAKUL SHEEP
Authors:   Shymkent University, Shymkent city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Parzhanov Zh.A , Azhimetov N.N ,   Shymkent University, Shymkent city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Tastanbekova G.R ,   Shymkent University, Shymkent city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Tlegenova K.B., ,   Shymkent University, Shymkent city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kydyrbaeva A.E. ,   Shymkent University, Shymkent city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Shimelkova R.Zh. ,   Shymkent University, Shymkent city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: May 2023

Мал тұқымын асылдандыруда,оның ішінде қаракөл қойларының өнімділік сапасын арттыру ұзақ уақытты қажет ететін және нақтылы бір экологиялық аймақ жағдайында, олардың экономикалық пайдалы қасиеттерін қалыптастыру мақсатында жүргізілетін күрделі процесс. Нақтырақ айтқанда, қаракөл қойының түсі, реңі және елтірілік типі ерекшеліктеріне байланысты олардың қан құрамында да айтарлықтай айырмашылық байқалу керек. Бұл айырмашылықтар қан құрамындағыморфологиялық және биохимиялық көрсеткіштерінің қоршаған орта жағдайындағы өзгерістерге жауап реакциясымен сипатталады. Авторлардың зерттеулерінде, қаракөл қозыларының 4,5 айлық жасында қанының морфологиялық және биохимиялық көрсеткіштері туылған кезіндегі мен 12 айлық жасындағы қозыларға қарағанда айырмашылықтар бар екендігі, эритроциттердің санының көбеюімен қатар гемоглобин мөлшері артып, керісінше тромбоциттердің кемуі байқалады, сонымен қатар қозылардың түсі мен реңіне байланысты өзгеріп тұратындығы анықталған. Зерттеулерде лейкоциттердің мөлшері малдар ағзасының табиғи резистентілік деңгейін анықтайтындығын ескеретін болсақ, онда қаракөл қозыларында резистенттіліктің деңгейі ашық көктен бастап, қара түске дейін біртіндеп артатындығы анықталған.Зерттеу нәтижелері бойынша көрсетілген биохимиялық айырмашылықтарда жасалған талдау барысында қара түсті жакетті елтірілік типті қозылардың ағзасында көк түсті қозыларға қарағанда биохимиялық процестер салыстырмалы түрде қарқындырақ жүреді деп тұжырымдауға болады
Investigating the Impact of Capital Expenditures on Firms’ Profitability of Textile Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Abbas Qaiser , Ahmad Riaz , Mehmood Abid , Mirza Aboubakar
Published: May 2023

The research objective was to determine the impact of capital expenditure on textile firm’s profitability in Pakistan. For this purpose, study utilizes panel data from the annual reports of firms operating in the textile sector of Pakistan. Quantitative research approach and longitudinal research design was applied. The panel data results indicates that the impact of capital expenditures on firm profitability is significant and positive. The findings suggest that increasing capital expenditures can lead to higher profitability for textile firms in Pakistan. This implies that textile firms in Pakistan should prioritize investments in capital expenditures in order to improve their financial performance. The findings provided by this research could be valuable for textile firms in Pakistan as they seek to make strategic investment decisions. Additionally, policymakers and investors in the textile sector can use the results of this study to inform their decision-making processes and optimize investment strategies. The study's findings could also contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between capital expenditures and firm profitability in the textile sector of Pakistan. The research could also helped to the researchers to conduct their research in future.
Nanoscale 3D Printing
Authors: Nock Volker , Turner Gary
Published: May 2023

Micro- and nanofabrication, as used for integrated circuit manufacturing, consists predominantly of a large number of repetitive 2D processing steps. Modern etching technologies have enabled what essentially are 2.5D structures, but large-area free-form 3D patterning at the nanoscale has been out of reach. This paradigm is now increasingly being challenged by advances in 3D printing technology, with two-photon polymerization (2PP) quickly becoming the new standard for micro- and nanofabrication. As opposed to stereolithography, where a UV laser scans the surface of a photosensitive material to produce a 2D pattern of polymerized material, 2PP polymerizes a material along the trace of the laser focus moving through a resin, thus enabling fabrication of fully 3D patterns. This difference in pattern generation is achieved by initiation of 2PP within the small volume of the material via precise focusing of NIR femtosecond laser pulses. As such, 2PP achieves higher resolution then stereolithography and is not limited to the traditional layer-by-layer approach. In 2019, the University of Canterbury Nanofabrication Laboratory, housed in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, installed a commercial 2PP system in form of a Nanoscribe Photonic Professional GT2 (PPGT2). In this seminar, we will discuss the physics behind 2PP, introduce the PPGT2 system and operation, and showcase a selection of application examples [1,2], both in form of general micro- and nano structures, as well as diffractive optical elements.
Highlights from ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium 2023
Authors:   ", Cazacu Irina Mihaela ,   1 Department of Oncology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania 2 Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania"
Published: May 2023

On January 19-21, 2023, approximately 4000 international gastrointestinal (GI) cancer specialists gathered in San Francisco for the ASCO Gastrointestinal (GI) Cancers Symposium to celebrate a 20-year milestone and to discuss the latest research and treatment advances in the field. The multidisciplinary experts put the science into context and the attendees were provided with a truly comprehensive view of the latest innovations in GI oncology. The current article highlights some of the most clinically relevant presentations from ASCO GI 2023 Symposium.
"Cancer-Related Search Queries in the Philippines: A Trend Analysis Across a Fifteen-Year Period "
Authors:   Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Luke’s Medical Center, Republic of the Philippines, Zaldarriaga Jose Ma. H. , Aw Aldric Mikhail N. ,   Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Luke’s Medical Center, Republic of the Philippines, Cuyegkeng-Go Valerie Anne ,   Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Luke’s Medical Center, Republic of the Philippines, Manalo Juan Miguel L. ,   Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Luke’s Medical Center, Republic of the Philippines, Magsanoc Juan Martin J. ,   Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Luke’s Medical Center, Republic of the Philippines, Peña-Camacho Angela ,   Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Luke’s Medical Center, Republic of the Philippines, Gaerlan-Tagle Angela ,   Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Luke’s Medical Center, Republic of the Philippines, Mendoza Ma. Conchitina O. ,   Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Luke’s Medical Center, Republic of the Philippines
Published: May 2023

Analyzing the trends of internet search queries can provide rapid, unrestricted, and valuable insight on health-seeking behaviors of entire populations. More than half of the Philippine population use the internet; however, trends of search queries have rarely been analyzed. This study analyzed the trends of cancer-related search queries in the Philippines over a fifteen-year period. For the period spanning December 31, 2007 to December 31, 2022 in the Philippines, Google TrendsTM was used to compute the search volume index (SVI) for pre-selected cancer-related search terms. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance with post-hoc Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test was performed to detect a difference between the search terms across the period of study and to explore the trend of these differences. We observed statistically significant increases in SVI for the pre-selected terms from 2016 to 2022, indicating a significant increase in cancer-related search activity in the Philippines in recent years.
"The Changing Landscape of Breast Cancer – a Dialogue on Current and Future Perspectives"
Authors:   MVision AI, Helsinki, Finland, Chirila Monica-Emilia , Poortmans Philip ,   "Department of Radiation Oncology, Iridium Netwerk & University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium"
Published: May 2023

"Professor Philip Poortmans is a breast cancer specialist, with radiation therapy as a tool, with an extensive experience and recognized expertise. He practiced medicine in Belgium, the Netherlands and France, and is currently active at Iridium Netwerk and University of Antwerp, Belgium. His Ph.D. thesis was focused on quality assurance in clinical trials in breast cancer and his current research focus is on FLASH-RT and different aspects of breast cancer treatment. Professor Poortmans is involved in multiple guidelines for breast cancer, serve on the editorial board of about 10 journals and published over 400 scientific articles and book chapters, co-editing 3 books. He is involved in teaching, being the course director of the of European Society for Radiation Oncology (ESTRO) Breast Courses and a faculty member of European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), European Society of Surgical Oncology (ESSO) and European School of Oncology (ESO). He was the president of ESTRO and of the European CanCer Organisation (ECCO) and he was granted honorary membership of multiple scientific societies. For all his activities and contributions, he received several awards, including the Jens Overgaard and Breur Awards from ESTRO and the St.Gallen Breast Cancer Award. During this interview, he kindly shared with us his opinion on some breast cancer related hot topics."
Connected pixels-based image smoothing filter
Authors: BEŞDOK Erkan , ÇİVİCİOĞLU Pınar
Published: May 2023

Digital image processing heavily relies on the connectivity of pixels, as it is a vital component for accurate object identification and analysis within an image. Grouping together pixels with similar features such as colour and intensity, allows for the formation of meaningful patterns or objects, which is essential for object recognition and segmentation. This approach is particularly valuable in photogrammetric imaging, video surveillance, deep learning as it facilitates the isolation of regions of interest and object tracking. Image smoothing is also a crucial aspect in enhancing visual quality by reducing noise and enhancing details, especially in applications such as aerial mapping, medical imaging, video compression, image resizing and computer vision. The absence of connected pixels and image smoothing would make image processing tasks more challenging and less reliable, making them fundamental to digital image processing and critical to various applications in diverse fields. This paper introduces a novel image smoothing filter called Connected Pixels Based Image Smoothing Filter (CPF), which is based on gray connected pixels. The success of the CPF was compared to that of the Non-Local Means Filter (NLMF) in terms of Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) for the same Mean Squared Error (MSE). The experimental results showed that CPF has a better ability to preserve image details compared to NLMF.
Reconstruction Plate Fracture: Mechanism and Recent Advances
Authors: Parmar Monika , Sharma Manish Kumar , Sharma Anupriya
Published: May 2023

Reconstruction plates with or without bone grafts are used to restore mandibular continuity, form and function following segmental resection of mandible. Fracture of reconstruction plate is observed in 2.9 % to 10% of cases reported in the literature excluding other complications. In this case, we report the fracture of stainless steel reconstruction plate used without bone graft and its management using locking reconstruction plate with non vascularised iliac crest graft following removal of the fractured plate. Review of literature describing incidence, pattern and causes of reconstruction plate fracture and its management is discussed.
Risk Factors Associated with Severity of COVID-19 Infections Among Older Patients – A Prospective Study
Authors: Talukder Muhammad Moinul Alam , Mitu Marshia Rahman
Published: May 2023

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel coronavirus infection disease causing respiratory failure and a high death rate in vulnerable populations. Prior studies have identified age, male sex, and metabolic comorbidities, such as hypertension and diabetes as risk factors for poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19. These comorbidities are more common among older age groups, and overwhelming evidence from around the world suggests that age itself is the most significant risk factor for severe disease and death from COVID-19. The aim of this study was to determine the associated risk factors of severe COVID-19 infections among older patients. Material Methods: This was a prospective study and was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology of Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College Hospital, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh during the period from March, 2021 to March, 2022. In this study, we took 80 confirmed cases of COVID 19 positive who attended and took admission in Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College Hospital, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh. Results: In our study we found majority (48.75%) of our study patients were aged between 65-74 years old, most of our patients were male (61.25%). The mean age of our patients was 76.54 ± 21.04 years. Among all patients, 89% had respiratory difficulty, 86% came with nausea vomiting, 83% came with fever, 74% had ache all over body, 76% 64% came with chest pain running nose respectively. We found 51% patients with DM,80% with CKD, 70% with respiratory failure, 49% with arrhythmia, 74% with IHD, 46% with Sepsis, 55% with acute liver injury, 26% with coagulopathy. Some risk factors co-exist among our patients. Conclusion: In our study, we included the elderly patients with COVID 19 associated with severe illness who had a high mortality rate. We found aged above 80 years, male gender, DM, CKD, respiratory failure, arrhythmia, IHD, Sepsis, acute liver injury are most common risk factors that triggers the severity of COVID 19 infections.
Detection and Comparision of Cytopathological Changes in Smokers and Non-Smokers: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Kaur Mandeep , Khajuria Nidhi , Bhardwaj Ashanka , Ettishree Ettishree
Published: May 2023

Background: Oral cancer is one of the sixth most common cancers in the world. Oral exfoliative cytology is one of the popular screening tool for oral cancer. Use of tobacco in any form are documented as the most common cause as initiators for dysplastic changes in oral mucosa. The purpose of the study was to detect the cytological changes in buccal mucosa, tongue and palate among non-smokers smokers. Material Methods: Smears sample were collected according to site (buccal mucosa, tongue palate) from 100 subjects among smokers non-smokers. Smears were then stained using Papanicolaou staining technique. Results: Among the smokers and non-smokers the results were statistically significant. Conclusion: Recent advances in the clinical visualization and detection of the oral mucosa have made the viability of cytological procedures more specific and sensitive. Contact endoscopy and use of autofluorescence devices are the forerunners in this group. The fluorescence characteristics of tissues depend upon their biochemical composition and histomorphological architecture, both of which undergo a change during malignant transformation. These changes are detectable as an alteration in the fluorescence spectral profile of the tissues21. Due to low feasibilities of such devices the benchmark of diagnosis will be microscopic tissue examination. Hence cytological smears will always be highly specific, sensitive, easy to use and reproducible procedures in routine screening of population for potentially and malignant conditions of the oral cavity.
Evaluation of Glaucoma in Patients with Diabetes and Hypertension: A One-Year Observational Study
Authors: Hossain Md. Sanwar , Khanom Tasnim , Jahan Sharmin , Najnin Rukhsana , Hasan Md. Nazmul
Published: May 2023

Background: Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, leading to vision loss. The elevated blood sugar levels in diabetes and high blood pressure in hypertension can both contribute to the development and progression of glaucoma. Effective management of both diabetes and hypertension can also help to reduce the risk of developing glaucoma. The aim of this study is to assess the evaluation of glaucoma in patients with diabetes and hypertension. Material Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out in the admitted and outpatient department (OPD) patients in the Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Sirajul Islam Medical College and Hospital Ltd, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2021 to December 2022. Total 160 patients with glaucoma were included in this study. Results: In our study, mean (±SD) age of the study subject were 50.5±9.25 years. Majority of the patients had (27.5%) followed by 22 (13.8%) had diabetes and 14 (8.8%) had both. For the group with DM and HTN, the mean IOP was 16.25 with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of 13.25 to 18.43, mean HVFA was -9.12 with a 95% CI of -16.78 to -1.31 and mean CDR was 0.69 with a 95% CI of 0.55 to 0.82. For the group without DM and HTN, the mean IOP was 15.62 with a 95% CI of 14.83 to 16.35, mean HVFA was -5.01 with a 95% CI of -5.86 to -3.75 and mean CDR for this group was 0.60 with a 95% CI of 0.53 to 0.68. In the patients with DM and HTN group, there are 13 patients (13.8%) with moderate/severe VFD and 1 patient (1.1%) with mild VFD. In the patients without DM and HTN group, there are 26 patients (26.7%) with moderate/severe VFD and 54 patients (57.4%) with mild VFD. There were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between the groups both moderate/severe and mild VFD. Conclusion: We determined that patients with HTN and DM had a greater extreme structure of glaucoma when in compared with the patients besides these risk factors. Hypertension was more common than diabetes.
Thyroid Dysfunction in Adults with Newly Detected Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Khan MD Mahbub Hossain , Zarin Nusrat , Uddin AFM Helal , Rahman MD Lutfar , Alim MD Abdul , Arefin Shams-El , Nahar Kamrun , Hossain Mohammad Mahabub
Published: May 2023

Background: Thyroid disorders and diabetes mellitus are common endocrine disorders that often coexist and can significantly impact each other’s management. The American Diabetes Association recommends that people with diabetes be periodically screened for thyroid dysfunction due to the strong link between the two conditions. It is important for individuals to be aware of the risk factors for both conditions and to seek appropriate medical care if necessary, and for healthcare providers to consider testing for thyroid dysfunction in adults with newly detected type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study was to find out thyroid dysfunction in adults with newly detected type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted at the Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology at Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital in Dhaka. The study period lasted six months, from May to October 2019. A total of 102 adult patients (above 20 years old) with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus who were attending the Endocrinology and Medicine Outpatient Department participated in the study. Results: Out of 102 adults with newly detected type 2 diabetes mellitus, the majority (86.3%) had normal thyroid function (euthyroid), while a smaller number (13.7%) had thyroid dysfunction. The most common subgroup of thyroid dysfunction was subclinical hypothyroidism (7.8%), followed by hypothyroidism (3.9%), subclinical thyrotoxicosis (1.0%), and hyperthyroidism (1.0%). The majority of the study population was male (66%) and from urban areas (88%), with a mean age of 45.1 years, a mean BMI of 25.0 kg/m2, and a mean waist circumference of 98.4 cm. About 45% had a family history of diabetes mellitus and 37% were smokers. The blood pressure of the study population was within normal limits. A minority (30%) had co-morbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and ischemic heart disease. The predictors of thyroid dysfunction were observed Age (OR=0.785), F/H of thyroid disorder (OR=0.495) BMI (OR=1.059), Anti-TPO Ab(OR= 0.021). Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes are commonly associated with each other and can impact clinical presentation and laboratory results. It is important to routinely screen for thyroid function in all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to detect, treat, and prevent complications of both these conditions.
Evaluation of Clinical & Functional Outcomes Bristow Latarjet Procedure in the Management of Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
Authors: Amin S. M. Yousuf , Das Krishna Priya , Islam Md. Ashraful , Alam Muhammad Monjun-Ul , Rahman Md. Nashid , Rahman Md. Taiyabur
Published: May 2023

Background: Glenohumeral joint is highly susceptible to dislocation due to its wide range of movements. Recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations are common in young adults. The Bristow Latarjet procedure is one of the effective techniques for the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. This study aimed to assess the clinical and functional outcome of the Bristow Latarjet procedure in the management of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. Material & Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, BSMMU, from October 2017 to September 2019. Within this period, a total of 40 cases of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation that meet inclusion criteria were taken as a sample. Patients were evaluated both pre and postoperatively for functional outcomes according to Rowe’s score for instability. A purposive non-randomized sampling technique was used in this study. All the data were compiled and sorted properly and the quantitative data were analyzed statistically by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS-25). The results were expressed as frequency, percentage and mean ± SD. Paired Student’s‘t’ test was performed to compare pre and final postoperative follow-up. The level of significance was calculated at a confidence interval of 95% and p-value <0.05. Results: : In this study age of the patient ranged from 18-40 years and the mean age was 28.2±6.3. 29(72.5). Surgery was done within 4-6 months of the first dislocation in 5 patients, within 6-12 months in 21 patients and after 12 months in 14 patients. The mean (±SD) Rowe score for instability was significantly (p<0.001) higher 6 months after the Bristow Latarjet procedure at 91.87(±9.00) in comparison to preoperative periods 52.62(±18.40). Results were excellent in 32(80%), good in 4(10%), fair in 3(7.5%) and poor in 1(2.5%) patients. 36(90%) patients were in the satisfactory group and only 4(10%) in the unsatisfactory group. Only 1(2.5%) patient developed screw migration, 2(5%) patients developed subluxation, and 1(2.5%) patient developed postoperative arthritis. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the Bristow-Latarjet procedure is a very effective and safe procedure with reduced complications, presenting very satisfactory functional results in the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation.
Comparison of Characteristics among Suspected ACS Patients by Normal and Elevated Hs-Troponin Levels
Authors: Rabbani Md. Golam Mahfuz
Published: May 2023

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. However, some patients with ACS may have normal levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn), a biomarker of myocardial injury, at presentation. This study aimed to compare the characteristics and outcomes of ACS patients with normal and elevated hs-cTn levels using different assays and thresholds. Material & Methods: This 2-year retrospective observational study was conducted in Bangladesh, using data from hospital records of 420 suspected ACS patients. Patients were divided into two groups based on their Hs-Troponin levels, with group 1 having 60 patients with Hs-Troponin ≤0.014 ug/L, and group 2 having 360 patients with Hs-Troponin >0.014 ug/L. Patients less than 18 years old and those with incomplete records were excluded. Ethical approval was obtained, and SPSS v.25 was used for analysis. Results: Group 1 had a significantly younger mean age of 41.8±14.3 compared to Group 2’s mean age of 68.4±12.6, with a p-value less than 0.001. Group 2 had a higher percentage of male patients (70.56%) compared to Group 1 (31.67%), with a p-value of less than 0.01. Group 2 had a significantly higher mean heart rate of 80.18±20.64 beats per minute compared to Group 1’s mean heart rate of 71.02±12.21, with a p-value less than 0.001. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, BMI, history of smoking, history of AMI, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Group 1 had a significantly lower percentage of patients with hypercholesterolemia (55.00%), but a higher percentage of patients with a history of ACS (25.00%), and a family history of CAD (70.00%) compared to Group 2, with p-values less than 0.001. Group 2 had a significantly higher percentage of patients with known renal failure (21.67%) compared to Group 1 (1.67%), with a p-value less than 0.001. Creatinine levels were significantly higher in Group 2 (98±53 µmol/L) compared to Group 1 (76±17 µmol/L) with a p-value of less than 0.001, and eGFR was significantly lower in Group 2 (76±27 mL/min/1.73 m2) compared to Group 1 (97±23 mL/min/1.73 m2) with a p-value of less than 0.001. The cardiac Troponin T (cTnT) levels were significantly higher in Group 2 (0.28±1.68 ug/L) compared to Group 1 (0.01±0.01 ug/L) with a p-value of less than 0.001, indicating worse kidney function and cardiac damage in Group 2 compared to Group 1. Conclusion: The study found that very few patients presenting with ACS symptoms had normal Hs-Troponin levels, and ultimate diagnosis proved that they did not have ACS, indicating the usability of Hs-Troponin as a biomarker for ACS. Significant differences were observed in age, gender, heart rate, hypercholesterolemia, family history of ACS, family history of CAD, and renal failure between the two groups. The study also found a consistent association between elevated creatinine levels and lower eGFR with higher Hs-Troponin levels.
Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Locally Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma in Terms of Downstaging and Resectability in a Tertiary Cancer Hospital
Authors: Mazumder Suzon Kumar , Shirin Laila , Das Chittaranjan , Bardhan Sushmita , Roy Ranada Prasad , Kabir SM Sakib , Dey Kallol
Published: May 2023

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in carcinoma stomach was introduced in an effort to eliminate micro-metastasis and to improve resectablity before surgery which improves R0 resection rates. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on downstaging and resectability rate in locally advanced gastric cancer. Material & Methods: This was a single-center quasi-experimental study conducted in the Department of Surgical Oncology in collaboration with the Departments of Medical Oncology, Radiation oncology, and Pathology at the National Institute of Cancer Research and hospital, Dhaka, which is a tertiary care cancer hospital in Bangladesh, between January 2021 and June 2022.Patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma stomach staged by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) were randomly included in this study by purposive sampling. Patients in Group I underwent upfront surgery Patients in Group II were started on neoadjuvant chemotherapy, either XELOX or FLOT regimen. Surgery was done following the response assessment CECT. We assessed R0 resection rate, age, sex, comorbidities, tumour size, TNM stage and complications were compared between the two groups. Response to NACT was assessed in Group II. Results: The mean age of patients in groups 1 & 2 was 56 ± 11.06 and 55.70 ± 10.46 years of age respectively (p > 0.05). Majority of the respondents (55/74) were male and 19 patients (26%) were female. Male to female ratio was (24/37 &31/37) in group 1 and (31/37 & 6/37) groups respectively (p > 0.05). Out of 37 patients who received NACT, in 9 patients (24.32%) complete response was noted. Partial response was found in 20 cases (54.05%), p-value (<.0001) while a stable disease was reported in three (8.1%) cases. 5 patients (13.51%) had progressive disease. In the upfront surgery group, R0 resection was feasible in 16 (43.2%) cases, and in the NACT plus surgery group, R0 resection was done in 29 (78.4%) cases. In group 1, R1 resection was done in considerable numbers (19/37) compared to group 2 (5/37), P=0.001. Three patients (8.1%) in group 2 and one (2.7) in group 1 had irresectable lesions. Conclusion: In this study it can be concluded that neoadjuvant chemotherapy could downstage tumour and increase tumor resectability rate in patients with locally-advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. However, further studies are necessary to confirm the effect of this modality on patients’ overall survival. We await survival analysis to further validate the role of NACT.
A Comparative Analysis Between Spinal and General Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Seraji Shariful Islam , Saha Samar Chandra , Sultana Arjumand , Alauddin Md. , Rahman Md. Abdur
Published: May 2023

Background: Many surgeries can be performed with spinal anesthesia (SA) or general anesthesia (GA). However, there are only limited and confounding data available regarding costs and anesthesia-related times. Hip or knee replacement are common orthopedic surgeries that can be performed using SA or GA without differences regarding mortality or morbidity. Observational studies have suggested that spinal anesthesia may be associated with lower risks of death, delirium and major medical complications and with shorter lengths of stay in the hospital than general anesthesia. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the effects of spinal versus general anesthesia on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Material & Methods: This was a comparative observational study and was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology of Holy Family red crescent Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from March,2021 to March,2023. In this study we included 200 patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. The patients were randomly divided into two groups – Group A (Patients who were given general anesthesia) & Group B (Patients who were given spinal anesthesia). Results: In total 200 patients from both the groups completed the study. In our study we found majority (44.5%) of our patients were aged 60-69 years and most of our patients were female (56%) compared to male (44%).The mean age of our patients was 61.73 ± 7.92 years. The mean BMI was 31.67±3.24 kg/m.2Among all patients ,48% had mild systemic disease and followed by 31.5% had severe systemic disease. Majority (43.5%) of our patients had hypertension, 31% had diabetes. Vomiting was found 47% in group A on contrary only 23% had vomiting in spinal group. We found the mean anesthesia induction time was significantly higher in spinal group. Anesthesia time was lower in spinal group while PACU time was higher in group B. Time duration of surgery was significantly lower in spinal group. After 24 hours, spinal group showed less pain score than general anesthesia group. Conclusion: In our study, we found that SA is associated with less fixed and variable costs and lower postoperative pain scores during the stay in the PACU. Therefore, SA is a more reasonable alternative to GA in the immediate postoperative period for patients undergoing hip or knee replacement. When compared to general anaesthesia, spinal anaesthesia provides better operating circumstances, better postoperative pain control, and faster postoperative recovery.
Categorization Format for YouTube Medical Educational Videos: An Experience with Embryology
Authors: Khan Zobayer Mahmud , Yesmin Zinnat Ara , Shamim Khondker Manzare
Published: May 2023

Background: Users of YouTube videos face considerable difficulty in handling the rapidly growing uploaded material. Videos can fall into various genres, and a single video can possess a number of characteristics. Rationale- Customized selection of the most appropriate videos for learning, teaching or research is hard to achieve. Appropriate tagging of videos for different characteristics by the uploaders for helping audience in their selection warrant meticulously designed structured format for categorizing the videos based on multiple characteristics. But no complete structured format is available for such categorization. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of 120 YouTube medical educational videos on Embryology selected through a multiphase systematic method using search terms chosen from selected focus areas of Embryology was done. This was aimed at identifying video characteristics of four functional natures: basic, academic, technical and esthetic. Using the ‘identified’ and related ‘identifiable’ characteristics, a “Proposed categorization format” was developed. Feedback on this document was obtained from five stakeholder groups i.e., anatomists, medical educationists, medical video creators, film/video/graphics experts and postgraduate students of Anatomy through a multiple-group discussion session. Results: Consensuses built on their opinions and lone voices were incorporated to develop the “Final version” of the format that possesses 38 Broad Characteristics, 179 Options, 59 Suboptions and fourteen Sub-suboptions. Conclusion: This format should be helpful in establishing a comprehensive database of medical educational videos on Embryology and with slight customization, on other anatomical subdivisions and other disciplines. But before that validation of the format by putting them into use should be justified.
Invitro Comparative Analysis of the Flexural Strength of 4 Different Commercially Available Provisional Materials Used in Fixed Partial Dentures – An Original Research
Authors: Gautam Nitin , Kotwal Monica , Sharma Sunny , Gaur Anupama , Ahmed Rimsha , Jandial Shivani
Published: May 2023

Background: Provisional Prosthesis in fixed partial dentures are subjected to Flexure under stress. Selection of appropriate material for fabrication of Provisional is of utmost importance as the Provisional prosthesis has to remain in function till definitive prosthesis is delivered. Material & Methods: Bar type specimens of four different commercially available brands for provisional restorations fabricated according to ADA specification No. 27 and immersed in artificial saliva. The specimens were fractured under 3-point loading test. Results: The flexural strength ranged between 60 to 110 Mpa. BisGMA Auto polymerizing composite resin from Dentsply Caulk shows the highest flexural strength. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the flexural strengths were material specific rather than category one. The BisGMA composite based resin shows significantly higher flexural strength over other materials.