bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVs-miR-17-5p attenuates the osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells potentially via inhibition of TGF-β signaling under high glucose conditions
Authors: Baba Isashi , Matoba Tetsuya , Katsuki Shunsuke , Koga Jun-ichiro , Kawahara Takuro , Kimura Mitsukuni , Akita Hidetaka , Tsutsui Hiroyuki
Published: July 2024

Vascular calcification, which is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is one of the key mechanisms underlying vascular calcification. Emerging evidence suggests that macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be involved in calcification within atherosclerotic plaques in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, the role of macrophage-derived EVs in the progression of vascular calcification is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether macrophage-derived EVs contribute to the osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs under high glucose conditions. We isolated EVs that were secreted by murine peritoneal macrophages under normal glucose (EVs-NG) or high glucose (EVs-HG) conditions. miRNA array analysis in EVs from murine macrophages showed that miR-17-5p was significantly increased in EVs-HG compared with EVs-NG. Prediction analysis with miRbase identified transforming growth factor β receptor type II (TGF-β RII) as a potential target of miR-17-5p. EVs-HG as well as miR-17-5p overexpression with lipid nanoparticles inhibited the gene expression of Runx2, and TGF-β RII. Furthermore, we demonstrated that VSMCs transfected with miR-17-5p mimic inhibited calcium deposition. Our findings reveal a novel role of macrophage-derived EVs in the negative regulation of osteogenic differentiation in VSMCs under high glucose conditions.
Investigating polyurethane foam loaded with high-z nanoparticles for gamma radiation shielding compared to Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Mokhtari Dorostkar Mahdieh , Kangarlou Haleh , Abdi Saray Akbar
Published: July 2024

Since the beginning of research into radiation and protection against it, the importance of searching for proper materials against radiation hazards has been recognized. Gamma radiation protection materials usually deal with heavy elements with high prices, which are hard to maintain. Polyurethane-based (PU) materials are popular in sound and thermal insulation due to, their low-weight properties and, most importantly, fast and convenient construction ingredients. PU foams (PUF) can be used as radiation shield and noise and heat resistance due to their approachability, light-weight, high resistance, and comfortable construction. This study involved simulation and an experiment to construct and investigate the properties of Polyurethane material doped with lead oxide as a gamma shield. The shield was considered in several weight fractions of lead, yielding several samples. The MCNPX 2.6 Monte Carlo code has been utilized for simulation procedure, and 137Cs was employed as the gamma source in both simulation and experiment. The results offer a promising response against the gamma radiation and are suitable for attenuating gamma rays.
Evaluating psychological distress associated with life events under the traumatic experience threshold in patients with major depressive and bipolar disorder
Authors: Ishii Hiroki , Hashimoto Tasuku , Sato Aiko , Tanaka Mami , Seki Ryota , Ogawa Michi , Kimura Atsushi , Nakazato Michiko , Iyo Masaomi
Published: July 2024

Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) experience psychological distress associated with daily events that do not meet the threshold for traumatic experiences, referred to as event-related psychological distress (ERPD). Recently, we developed an assessment tool for ERPD, the ERPD-24. This tool considers four factors of ERPD: feelings of revenge, rumination, self-denial, and mental paralysis. We conducted a cross-sectional study between March 2021 and October 2022 to identify the differences and clinical features of ERPD among patients with MDD and BD and healthy subjects who did not experience traumatic events. Specifically, we assessed ERPD using the ERPD-24 and anxiety-related symptoms with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, and anxious-depressive attack. Regarding the ERPD-24 scores among the groups, as the data did not rigorously follow the test of normality, the Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the differences among the groups, followed by the Dunn–Bonferroni adjusted post-hoc test. Non-remitted MDD patients and BD patients, regardless of remission/non-remission, presented more severe ERPD than healthy subjects. This study also demonstrated the relationships between all anxiety-related symptoms, including social phobia and anxious-depressive attack and ERPD, in both BD and MDD patients and in healthy subjects. In conclusion, patients with non-remitted MDD and with BD regardless of remission/non-remission experience severe ERPD related to anxiety-related symptoms.
Phylogeography and genetic structure of Papaver bracteatum populations in Iran based on genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)
Authors: Rahmati Razieh , Nemati Zahra , Naghavi Mohammad Reza , Pfanzelt Simon , Rahimi Amir , Kanzagh Ali Ghaderi , Blattner Frank R.
Published: July 2024

Papaver bracteatum, known for its high thebaine content and absence of morphine, has emerged as a promising alternative to opium poppy for codeine production. In this study, our objective was to create a diverse panel representing the natural variation of this species in Iran. To achieve this, we employed genotyping-by-sequencing to obtain genome-wide distributed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for phylogeographic analysis, population structure assessment, and evaluation of genetic diversity within P. bracteatum populations. A total of 244 P. bracteatum individuals from 13 distinct populations formed seven genetic groups, along with one highly admixed population. We observed a clear split between the populations inhabiting the Alborz Mts. in the east and Zagros Mts. in the west. In between these mountain ranges, the population of Kachal Mangan exhibited a high degree of genetic admixture between both genetic groups. At or after the end of the last glacial maximum, when climate conditions rapidly changed, all P. bracteatum populations experienced a strong demographic bottleneck reducing the already small effective population sizes further before they increased to their recent strengths. Our results suggest that the ongoing climate change together with human pressure on the species’ habitats and limited seed-dispersal ability are potential factors contributing today to rising genetic isolation of P. bracteatum populations. Our results provide genetic data that can be used for conservation measures to safeguard the species’ genetic diversity as a resource for future breeding approaches in this medicinally important species.
Structural, elastic, electronic, optical and anisotropy properties of newly quaternary Tl2HgGeSe4 via DFPT predictions associated to XPES and RS experiments
Authors: Halati Mohamed Salah , Khyzhun Oleg Yu , Khireddine Abderrazak , Piasecki Michal , Radkowska Ilona , Cherif Khaled Hamdi , Lounis Zakia , Caudano Yves , Bedjaoui Abdelhak , Alghamdi Ahmad , Paramasivam Prabhu , Prakash Chander , Ghoneim Sherif S. M.
Published: July 2024

In the present work, we report on theoretical studies of thermodynamic properties, structural and dynamic stabilities, dependence of unit-cell parameters and elastic constants upon hydrostatic pressure, charge carrier effective masses, electronic and optical properties, contributions of interband transitions in the Brillouin zone of the novel Tl2HgGeSe4 crystal. The theoretical calculations within the framework of the density-functional perturbation theory (DFPT) are carried out employing different approaches to gain the best correspondence to the experimental data. The present theoretical data indicate the dynamical stability of the title crystal and they reveal that, under hydrostatic pressure, it is much more compressible along the a-axis than along the c-axis. Strikingly, the charge effective mass values ($$m_{e}^{{^{*} }}$$

m

e

∗

and $$m_{h}^{{^{*} }}$$

m

h

∗

) vary considerably when the high symmetry direction changes indicating a relative anisotropy of the charge-carrier’s mobility. Furthermore, the Young modulus and compressibility are characterized by the maximum and minimum values ($$E^{max}$$

E

max

and $$E^{\min }$$

E
min

) and ($$\beta^{max}$$

β

max

and $$\beta^{\min }$$

β
min

) that are equal to (62.032 and 28.812) GPa and (13.672 and 6.7175) TPa–1, respectively. Additionally, we have performed calculations of the Raman spectra (RS) and reached a good correspondence with the experimental RS spectra of the Tl2HgGeSe4 crystal. The XPES associated to RS constitutes powerful techniques to explore the oxidized states of Se and Ge in Tl2HgGeSe4 system.
Mitigating the impact of image processing variations on tumour [18F]-FDG-PET radiomic feature robustness
Authors: Ramlee Syafiq , Manavaki Roido , Aloj Luigi , Escudero Sanchez Lorena
Published: July 2024

Radiomics analysis of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG) PET images could be leveraged for personalised cancer medicine. However, the inherent sensitivity of radiomic features to intensity discretisation and voxel interpolation complicates its clinical translation. In this work, we evaluated the robustness of tumour [18F]-FDG-PET radiomic features to 174 different variations in intensity resolution or voxel size, and determined whether implementing parameter range conditions or dependency corrections could improve their robustness. Using 485 patient images spanning three cancer types: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma, and lymphoma, we observed features were more sensitive to intensity discretisation than voxel interpolation, especially texture features. In most of our investigations, the majority of non-robust features could be made robust by applying parameter range conditions. Correctable features, which were generally fewer than conditionally robust, showed systematic dependence on bin configuration or voxel size that could be minimised by applying corrections based on simple mathematical equations. Melanoma images exhibited limited robustness and correctability relative to NSCLC and lymphoma. Our study provides an in-depth characterisation of the sensitivity of [18F]-FDG-PET features to image processing variations and reinforces the need for careful selection of imaging biomarkers prior to any clinical application.
Polystyrene nanoplastics of different particle sizes regulate the polarization of pro-inflammatory macrophages
Authors: Jiang Wanlan , Liu Yilin , Wu Yuqi , Zhang Lu , Zhang Biqing , Zhou Shiliang , Zhang Peng , Xu Ting , Wu Min , Lv Songwei
Published: July 2024

Microplastics (MPs) are defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm in size, and nanoplastics (NPs) are those MPs with a particle size of less than 1000 nm or 100 nm. The prevalence of MPs in the environment and human tissues has raised concerns about their potential negative effects on human health. Macrophages are the major defence against foreign substances in the intestine, and can be polarized into two types: the M1 phenotype and the M2 phenotype. However, the effect of NPs on the polarization of macrophages remains unclear. Herein, we selected polystyrene, one of the most plastics in the environment and controlled the particle sizes at 50 nm and 500 nm respectively to study the effects on the polarization of macrophages. We used mouse RAW264.7 cell line models in this macrophage-associated study. Experiments on cell absorption showed that macrophages could quickly ingest polystyrene nanoplastics of both diameters with time-dependent uptake. Compared to the untreated group and 10 μg/mL treatment group, macrophages exposed to 50 μg/mL groups (50 nm and 500 nm) had considerably higher levels of CD86, iNOS, and TNF-α, but decreased levels of aCD206, IL-10, and Arg-1. According to these findings, macrophage M1 and M2 polarization can both be induced and inhibited by 50 μg/mL 50 nm and 500 nm polystyrene nanoplastics. This work provided the first evidence of a possible MPs mode of action with appropriate concentration and size through the production of polarized M1, providing dietary and environmental recommendations for people, particularly those with autoimmune and autoinflammatory illnesses.
The Central Paratethys Sea—rise and demise of a Miocene European marine biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Harzhauser Mathias , Landau Bernard , Mandic Oleg , Neubauer Thomas A.
Published: July 2024

The Miocene Climate Optimum (MCO, ~ 17–14 Ma) was a time of extraordinary marine biodiversity in the Circum-Mediterranean Region. This boom is best recorded in the deposits of the vanished Central Paratethys Sea, which covered large parts of central to southeastern Europe. This sea harbored an extraordinary tropical to subtropical biotic diversity. Here, we present a georeferenced dataset of 859 gastropod species and discuss geodynamics and climate as the main drivers to explain the changes in diversity. The tectonic reorganization around the Early/Middle Miocene boundary resulted in the formation of an archipelago-like landscape and favorable conditions of the MCO allowed the establishment of coral reefs. Both factors increased habitat heterogeneity, which boosted species richness. The subsequent cooling during the Middle Miocene Climate Transition (~ 14–13 Ma) caused a drastic decline in biodiversity of about 67%. Among the most severely hit groups were corallivorous gastropods, reflecting the loss of coral reefs. Deep-water faunas experienced a loss by 57% of the species due to changing patterns in circulation. The low sea level led to a biogeographic fragmentation reflected in higher turnover rates. The largest turnover occurred with the onset of the Sarmatian when bottom water dysoxia eradicated the deep-water fauna whilst surface waters-dwelling planktotrophic species underwent a crisis.
Structure characteristics and combustion kinetics of the co-pyrolytic char of rice straw and coal gangue
Authors: Xu Chunyan , Luo Chengjia , Du Jun , Liu Lang , Wang Jingjing , Yuan Chenhong , Guo Junjiang
Published: July 2024

Co-combustion is a technology that enables the simultaneous and efficient utilization of biomass and coal gangue (CG). Nevertheless, the factors that affect the combustibility of co-pyrolytic char, which represents the rate-determining step of the entire co-combustion process, remain unclear. This study investigates the impact of the physicochemical properties of co-pyrolytic char, including pore structure, carbon structure, and alkali metals, on the combustion characteristics. The TGA analysis indicates that the ignition and burnout temperatures of the co-pyrolytic char increase as the CG mixing ratio increases, resulting in a prolonged combustion. This is due to the fact that the carbon structure of the co-pyrolytic char becomes increasingly aromatic, accompanied by a reduction in aliphatic hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing groups as the CG mixing ratio increases. Furthermore, the high ash content of the CG is another significant factor contributing to the observed reduction in combustibility. The reaction between mullite, quartz in CG, and alkali metals in biomass results in the formation of aluminosilicate, which reduces the catalytic ability of alkali metals. Furthermore, the char combustion kinetics are analyzed by the KAS method, and the results indicate that the introduction of CG increases the activation energy of the entire char combustion process. The activation energy of the 80RS20CG is within the range of 102.22–164.99 kJ/mol, while the RS char is within the range of 89.87–144.67 kJ/mol.
Genetic admixture drives climate adaptation in the bank vole
Authors: Horníková Michaela , Lanier Hayley C. , Marková Silvia , Escalante Marco A. , Searle Jeremy B. , Kotlík Petr
Published: July 2024

Genetic admixture introduces new variants at relatively high frequencies, potentially aiding rapid responses to environmental changes. Here, we evaluate its role in adaptive variation related to climatic conditions in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) in Britain, using whole-genome data. Our results reveal loci showing excess ancestry from one of the two postglacial colonist populations inconsistent with overall admixture patterns. Notably, loci associated with climate adaptation exhibit disproportionate amounts of excess ancestry, highlighting the impact of admixture between colonist populations on local adaptation. The results suggest strong and localized selection on climate-adaptive loci, as indicated by steep clines and/or shifted cline centres, during population replacement. A subset, including a haemoglobin gene, is associated with oxidative stress responses, underscoring a role of oxidative stress in local adaptation. Our study highlights the important contribution of admixture during secondary contact between populations from distinct climatic refugia enriching adaptive diversity. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for predicting future adaptive capacity to anthropogenic climate change.
An exact mathematical description of computation with transient spatiotemporal dynamics in a complex-valued neural network
Authors: Budzinski Roberto C. , Busch Alexandra N. , Mestern Samuel , Martin Erwan , Liboni Luisa H. B. , Pasini Federico W. , Mináč Ján , Coleman Todd , Inoue Wataru , Muller Lyle E.
Published: July 2024

Networks throughout physics and biology leverage spatiotemporal dynamics for computation. However, the connection between structure and computation remains unclear. Here, we study a complex-valued neural network (cv-NN) with linear interactions and phase-delays. We report the cv-NN displays sophisticated spatiotemporal dynamics, which we then use, in combination with a nonlinear readout, for computation. The cv-NN can instantiate dynamics-based logic gates, encode short-term memories, and mediate secure message passing through a combination of interactions and phase-delays. The computations in this system can be fully described in an exact, closed-form mathematical expression. Finally, using direct intracellular recordings of neurons in slices from neocortex, we demonstrate that computations in the cv-NN are decodable by living biological neurons as the nonlinear readout. These results demonstrate that complex-valued linear systems can perform sophisticated computations, while also being exactly solvable. Taken together, these results open future avenues for design of highly adaptable, bio-hybrid computing systems that can interface seamlessly with other neural networks.
Exploring the capabilities of ChatGPT in women’s health: obstetrics and gynaecology
Authors: Bachmann Magdalena , Duta Ioana , Mazey Emily , Cooke William , Vatish Manu , Davis Jones Gabriel
Published: July 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare, with Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT offering novel capabilities. This study evaluates ChatGPT’s performance in interpreting and responding to the UK Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists MRCOG Part One and Two examinations – international benchmarks for assessing knowledge and clinical reasoning in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. We analysed ChatGPT’s domain-specific accuracy, the impact of linguistic complexity, and its self-assessment confidence. A dataset of 1824 MRCOG questions was curated, ensuring minimal prior exposure to ChatGPT. ChatGPT’s responses were compared to known correct answers, and linguistic complexity was assessed using token counts and Type-Token ratios. Confidence scores were assigned by ChatGPT and analysed for self-assessment accuracy. ChatGPT achieved 72.2% accuracy on Part One and 50.4% on Part Two, performing better on Single Best Answer (SBA) than Extended Matching (EMQ) Questions. The findings highlight the potential and significant limitations of ChatGPT in clinical decision-making in women’s health.
Proteome-scale characterisation of motif-based interactome rewiring by disease mutations
Authors: Kliche Johanna , Simonetti Leandro , Krystkowiak Izabella , Kuss Hanna , Diallo Marcel , Rask Emma , Nilsson Jakob , Davey Norman E , Ivarsson Ylva
Published: July 2024

Whole genome and exome sequencing are reporting on hundreds of thousands of missense mutations. Taking a pan-disease approach, we explored how mutations in intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) break or generate protein interactions mediated by short linear motifs. We created a peptide-phage display library tiling ~57,000 peptides from the IDRs of the human proteome overlapping 12,301 single nucleotide variants associated with diverse phenotypes including cancer, metabolic diseases and neurological diseases. By screening 80 human proteins, we identified 366 mutation-modulated interactions, with half of the mutations diminishing binding, and half enhancing binding or creating novel interaction interfaces. The effects of the mutations were confirmed by affinity measurements. In cellular assays, the effects of motif-disruptive mutations were validated, including loss of a nuclear localisation signal in the cell division control protein CDC45 by a mutation associated with Meier-Gorlin syndrome. The study provides insights into how disease-associated mutations may perturb and rewire the motif-based interactome.
Immune-enhancing neutrophils reprogrammed by subclinical low-dose endotoxin in cancer treatment
Authors: Zhang Yao , Lee Christina , Geng Shuo , Wang Jing , Bohara Udipta , Hou Jacqueline , Yi Ziyue , Li Liwu
Published: July 2024

Despite the re-emergence of the pioneering “Coley’s toxin” concept in anti-cancer immune therapies highlighted by check-point inhibitors and CAR-T approaches, fundamental mechanisms responsible for the immune-enhancing efficacy of low-dose “Coley’s toxin” remain poorly understood. This study examines the novel reprogramming of immune-enhancing neutrophils by super-low dose endotoxin conducive for anti-cancer therapies. Through integrated analyses including scRNAseq and functional characterizations, we examined the efficacy of reprogrammed neutrophils in treating experimental cancer. We observed that neutrophils trained by super-low dose endotoxin adopt a potent immune-enhancing phenotype characterized by CD177loCD11bloCD80hiCD40hiDectin2hi. Both murine and human neutrophils trained by super-low dose endotoxin exhibit relieved suppression of adaptive T cells as compared to un-trained neutrophils. Functionally, neutrophils trained by super-low dose endotoxin can potently reduce tumor burden when transfused into recipient tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, Super-low dose endotoxin enables the generation of immune-enhancing neutrophils through activating STAT5 and reducing innate suppressor IRAK-M. Together, our data clarify the long-held mystery of “Coley’s toxin” in rejuvenating anti-tumor immune defense, and provide a proof-of-concept in developing innate neutrophil-based anti-tumor therapeutics.
Progress and challenges in nitrous oxide decomposition and valorization
Authors: Wu Xuanhao , Du Jiaxin , Gao Yanxia , Wang Haiqiang , Zhang Changbin , Zhang Runduo , He Hong , Lu Gaoqing (Max) , Wu Zhongbiao
Published: July 2024

In this review, we consolidate and update recently developed advanced nanomaterials and uncovered reaction mechanisms of different N2O abatement technologies.
Phenotyping of single plant cells on a microfluidic cytometry platform with fluorescent, mechanical, and electrical modules
Authors: Zhang Shuaihua , Zhang Tianjiao , Wang Shuaiqi , Han Ziyu , Duan Xuexin , Wang Jiehua
Published: July 2024

The integrating microfluidic flow cytometry (MFCM) with optical and electro-based subsystems for single-cell research in plants and expanded the understanding of plant-specific processes at the cellular level.
Improved on-line benchtop 31P NMR reaction monitoring via Multi-Resonance SHARPER
Authors: Tadiello Laura , Halse Meghan E. , Beweries Torsten
Published: July 2024

On-line reaction monitoring of hydrogenation reactions of oxygen-sensitive organometallic complexes is done via a 31P benchtop NMR spectrometer using the Multi-Resonance Sensitive Homogeneous And Resolved PEaks in Real time (MR-SHARPER) sequence.
Light-triggered transformation of stilbene supramolecular polymers: thermodynamic versus kinetic control
Authors: Lu Yi , Zhang Ruilong , Hong Zhilong , Liang Pingping , Liao Rui , Wang Feng
Published: July 2024

Light-triggered supramolecular polymer transformations from kinetic to thermodynamic control are achieved by shifting hydrogen bonds from intra- to inter-complexation modes for [2+2] cycloadducts.
Isoindoline-based fluorogenic probes bearing a self-immolative linker for the sensitive and selective detection of O-GlcNAcase activity
Authors: Wu Yuan-Hao , Wang Guan-Jun , Guo Chen , Wang Pei-Pei , Wang Jun-Yi , Hu Xi-Le , Zang Yi , James Tony D. , Li Jia , He Xiao-Peng
Published: July 2024

An isoindoline-based fluorogenic probe bearing a self-immolative linker was developed for the sensitive and selective detection of O-GlcNAcase.
Synthesis of chiral boranes via asymmetric insertion of carbenes into B–H bonds catalyzed by the rhodium(i) diene complex
Authors: Ankudinov Nikita M. , Komarova Alina A. , Podyacheva Evgeniya S. , Chusov Denis A. , Danshina Anastasia A. , Perekalin Dmitry S.
Published: July 2024

Catalytic insertion of diazo compounds into B–H bonds produces unique compounds with tetrahedral chiral boron atoms.
Effect of water molecules on the diffusion of alkali metal ions in CuHCF cathodes
Authors: Wang Silei , Gu Xiao
Published: July 2024

Prussian blue analogues have shown promise as cathode materials competing with sodium ion batteries, while the presence of water molecules severely affects their performance in batteries.
Rechargeable alkali metal–chlorine batteries: advances, challenges, and future perspectives
Authors: Xie Zehui , Sun Lidong , Sajid Muhammad , Feng Yuancheng , Lv Zhenshan , Chen Wei
Published: July 2024

This review summarized the recent advances of the alkali/alkaline-earth metal–Cl2 (AM–Cl2) batteries, which have revitalized the potential of SOCl2 primary batteries and become a promising technology beyond current lithium-ion batteries.
Co-orchestration of multiple instruments to uncover structure–property relationships in combinatorial libraries
Authors: Slautin Boris N. , Pratiush Utkarsh , Ivanov Ilia N. , Liu Yongtao , Pant Rohit , Zhang Xiaohang , Takeuchi Ichiro , Ziatdinov Maxim A. , Kalinin Sergei V.
Published: July 2024

Multimodal co-orchestration expedites the exploration of combinatorial libraries by leveraging real-time insights from one modality to accelerate the discovery of others, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of characterization.
Tetranuclear NiII-Mannich base complex with oxygenase, water splitting and ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling properties
Authors: Patra Arka , Das Avijit , Sarkar Abhimanyu , Gómez-García Carlos J. , Sinha Chittaranjan
Published: July 2024

The rhombic-tetranuclear NiII [Ni4(L)2(μ1,1Cl)2(H2O)4]2+ (1) complex with two types of Ni(ii) pairs shows ferro and antiferromagnetic exchange and catalytic oxidase activities of catechol and o-aminophenol. The complex shows OER and HER activities.
Variability in air quality, ozone formation potential by VOCs, and associated air pollution attributable health risks for Delhi's inhabitants
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , Singhal Anjum , Venkatramanan Veluswamy , Verma Pawan , Pandey Mayank
Published: July 2024

The present long-term study has been conducted with dual objectives: firstly, to monitor the spatio-temporal variation of ambient air quality parameters and secondly, to evaluate the impact of air pollutants on the Delhi population.
Application of MIL-101(Cr) for biofuel dehydration and process optimization using the central composite design method
Authors: Parak Parya , Nikseresht Ahmad , Mohammadi Masoud , Emaminia Mohammad Saeid
Published: July 2024

Metal–organic framework (MIL-101(Cr)) was used to dehydrate biofuel and studied how different conditions affected this process.
Magnetically recoverable Fe3O4@SiO2@SBA-3@2-ATP-Cu: an improved catalyst for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles
Authors: Heidarnezhad Zahra , Ghorbani-Choghamarani Arash , Taherinia Zahra
Published: July 2024

A novel, effective, and recyclable mesoporous Fe3O4@SiO2@SBA-3@2-ATP-Cu nanocatalyst was synthesized by grafting 2-aminothiophenol (with the ability to coordinate with Cu) on a mixed phase of magnetic mesoporous SBA-3 support.
Macrophage reprogramming combined with enhanced photodynamic therapy increases the patency of malignant esophageal obstruction after stenting
Authors: Xu Haoyang , Zhang Yiran , Guo Sheng , Fang Hui , Wei Liming , He Guangchen , Cheng Yingsheng , Zhu Yueqi
Published: July 2024

Manganese-based nanoparticles achieve macrophage reprogramming combined with enhanced photodynamic therapy for malignant esophageal obstruction via the STAT/HMGB1 pathway.
Advances in biomimetic AIE nanoparticles for diagnosis and phototherapy
Authors: Chau Joe H. C. , Lee Michelle M. S. , Yu Eric Y. , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Sun Jianwei , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2024

An overview of the development of biomimetic AIE nanoparticles and their biomedical applications.
Utilizing the magnetic properties of electrodes and magnetic fields in electrocatalysis
Authors: Karki Nawaraj , Mufoyongo Fredrick Lisili , Wilson Andrew J.
Published: July 2024

In this review, we describe how external magnetic fields and the intrinsic magnetism of catalysts can affect electrocatalytic reactions using select literature reports.
Achieving efficient clonal beta cells transfection using nanostraw/nanopore-assisted electroporation
Authors: Ekstrand Frida , Mapar Mokhtar , Ruhrmann Sabrina , Bacos Karl , Ling Charlotte , Prinz Christelle N.
Published: July 2024

GFP plasmids are injected in cells using nanostraw and nanopore-electroporation. After optimization, the results show that more plasmids are delivered in cells using nanostraws, but fewer cells express GFP 48 h after injection, compared to nanopores.
Correction: Analyzing the impact of the size of fluoro and chloro substituents on induced mesomorphism in hydrogen bonded liquid crystals
Authors: Sonali M. K. , Sinha Rajeev K. , Peter Silpa Elizabeth , Kumar N. V. Anil , Mazumder Nirmal , Melanthota Sindhoora Kaniyala , Nazrulla Mohammed Azeezulla , Bhagavath Poornima
Published: July 2024

Correction for ‘Analyzing the impact of the size of fluoro and chloro substituents on induced mesomorphism in hydrogen bonded liquid crystals' by M. K. Sonali et al., RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 20398–20409, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA08569D
Relationship between π–A isotherms and single microgel/microgel array structures revealed via the direct visualization of microgels at the air/water interface
Authors: Kawamoto Takahisa , Minato Haruka , Suzuki Daisuke
Published: July 2024

The structures of single microgels and microgel arrays at the air/water interface were directly visualized and correlated with π–A isotherms to understand the compression behavior of soft and deformable microgels at the interface.
Unravelling the chloride dopant induced film improvement in all-inorganic perovskite absorbers
Authors: Nicholson Stefan , Bruckbauer Jochen , Edwards Paul R. , Trager-Cowan Carol , Martin Robert W. , Ivaturi Aruna
Published: July 2024

Cl− anions remain in the CsPbI2Br film after annealing directing the preferential crystal orientation of the films along [100].
In situ capturing site-to-site reactive species in CO2-laser-patterned high-entropy alloy nanoflowers for robust alkaline seawater electrolysis
Authors: Park Chae Eun , Jeong Gyoung Hwa , Maheskumar Velusamy , Theerthagiri Jayaraman , Choi Myong Yong
Published: July 2024

CO2-laser method to synthesize AuRuIrPdPt high-entropy alloys (HEAs) for hydrogen evolution in alkaline and seawater splitting. Optimized HEA-60 exhibits remarkable HER activity and stability, surpassing those of commercial Pt/C.
Enhancing the sensing performance of WO2.72 toward n-butanol via loading CeO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Rong , Cheng Lu-Han , Ma Chuan-Qi , Yuan Zheng-Tao , Song Jiming
Published: July 2024

The formation of heterojunctions between CeO2 and WO2.72 reduces the band gap. Sample WO2.72–x wt% CeO2 shows hydrophobicity due to the effective shielding of the 4f1 of Ce by the octet of electrons in the outer 5s25p6 layer.
Influence of microstructure evolution on the discharge properties of the Al–Mg–Sn–Ga–In anode for Al–air batteries
Authors: Xu Xuehong , Zhang Jin , Jiang Wei , Deng Yunlai
Published: July 2024

The influence of precipitate, grain structure and texture evolution on the discharge property of the Al alloy anode for Al–air batteries was investigated. The results will provide new insights for the design of anode materials for Al–air battery.
Interface engineering and oxygen vacancies derived from plasma-treated Cu2O synergistically enhancing electrocatalytic CO2-to-C2+ conversion
Authors: Wang Lei , Yao Xue , Jana Subhajit , Zhou Yongzan , Qin Chunlan , Shou Hongwei , Teng Youchao , Chen Ning , Zhang Lidong , Singh Chandra Veer , Tan Zhongchao , Wu Yimin A.
Published: July 2024

A facile, scalable, standardized and controllable synthesis method for highly active catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction is demonstrated with well-controlled magnetron sputtering and plasma treatment under different atmospheres.
Transformation of the strengthening and toughening modes of a poly(urethane) elastomer with hard segments of Ti3C2 MXene and its excellent triboelectric performance
Authors: Sun Chuanqiang , Yuan Baogang , Han Zhe , Yang Dezhen , Chen Jinchuan , Xu Huajie , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu
Published: July 2024

Ti3C2 MXenes are selected as the hard segment to prepare a poly(urethane) (PU) elastomer in this work. It provides a general method to synthesise excellent PU with integration of the structure and function by only modulating the hard segments.
Stretchable flexible fiber supercapacitors for wearable integrated devices
Authors: Chen Yujia , Jin Huihui , Zhang Jiayu , Wu Qirui , Han Songjiu , Chen Anbang , Guan Lunhui
Published: July 2024

PANI-TPU films were prepared by electrostatic spinning and in situ polymerization, and a fiber supercapacitor that maintains stable performance under large tensile deformation conditions can be realized by twisting.
Charting the electronic structure for discovering low-cost intermetallic catalysts
Authors: He Zhengda , Ouyang Bin
Published: July 2024

We utilize electronic-structure-based descriptors to screen stable and active intermetallic catalysts. Several novel catalysts are proposed for HER and ORR reactions and the effectiveness of descriptors has been thoroughly investigated.
Aggregable gold nanoparticles for cancer photothermal therapy
Authors: Wu Mingyu , Xiao Yao , Wu Rongkun , Lei Jiaojiao , Li Tian , Zheng Youkun
Published: July 2024

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an important non-invasive cancer treatment method.
Exogenous MSC based tissue regeneration: a review of immuno-protection strategies from biomaterial scaffolds
Authors: Ju Rongbai , Gao Xinhui , Zhang Chi , Tang Wei , Tian Weidong , He Min
Published: July 2024

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based tissue engineering holds great potential for regenerative medicine as a means of replacing damaged or lost tissues to restore their structure and function.
Bacteria-responsive functional electrospun membrane: simultaneous on-site visual monitoring and inhibition of bacterial infection
Authors: Wang Min , Jiang Yuanzhang , Zhuang Kaiwen , Tan Lin
Published: July 2024

Visual bacterial monitoring and responsive antimicrobial ability triggered by acid.
A multifunctional nanoplatform for precision-guided therapeutic intervention in bacterial infection
Authors: Dou Jinli , Li Juan , Liu Jingjing , Shang Jinmeng , Tan Wei , Miao Xia , Zhou Jin , Guo Guifang
Published: July 2024

Spherical nanocomplexes HCP with hyaluronidase and pH dual response under ultrasonication were prepared, which could release curcumin and polylysine for synergistic antibacterial action, inhibit pathogens and promote wound healing.
Sodium hypodiphosphate – a new ionic conductor. Synthesis, stability, conductivity and 3D electron diffraction crystal structure
Authors: Kinzhybalo Vasyl , Wojciechowski Jakub , Szklarz Przemysław , Piecha-Bisiorek Anna , Otręba Marta , Siczek Miłosz , Ślepokura Katarzyna
Published: July 2024

The structure and ionic conductivity of a novel material, sodium hypodiphosphate, are reported along with a comparison with known analogues.
Visualization and deconvolution of carrier kinetics within grains of Cu2ZnSnS4−xSex using ultrafast diffuse reflectance microscopy
Authors: Sharif Maha , Ma Xiao , Ghadiri Elham
Published: July 2024

Ultrafast transient absorption microscopy of CZTSSe kesterites.
Windmill-type molecules for efficient deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes via hybridized local and charge-transfer excited state
Authors: Li Huihui , Wang Min , Zhong Ziting , Lu Hua , Zhao Zujin , Feng Xin Jiang
Published: July 2024

High steric-hindrance windmill-type molecules exhibiting deep-blue light and large horizontal dipole ratio are designed. An efficient deep-blue device shows a maximum external quantum efficiency of 7.6% and a full width at half maximum of 55 nm.
Hexacoordinate germanate metal–organic frameworks for the detection of Pb2+ ions in aqueous solution
Authors: Tian Shouyi , Horton Peter N. , Coles Simon J. , White Andrew J. P. , Lickiss Paul D. , Davies Robert P.
Published: July 2024

Anionic SiO6/GeO6-centred linkers have been synthesized and used to prepare a series of rare earth MOFs, including a Tb MOF used for detection of Pb2+ ions in aqueous solution.
Optimized responsivity of a phototransistor using graphene oxide-doped solution-processed indium oxide active layer toward neuromorphic applications
Authors: Tarsoly Gergely , Zhao Han-Lin , Wang Xiao-Lin , Lee Jae-Yun , Kim Sung-Jin
Published: July 2024

Graphene oxide embedded in the active layer of a metal oxide transistor generates a photocurrent and also traps minority charge carriers. This dual role results in sensing and memory in a single device, leading to neuromorphic behavior.
Precise patterning of gold nanoparticle gratings on gelatin films
Authors: Farrando-Pérez Álex , Villalvilla José M. , Bonal Víctor , Boj Pedro G. , Quintana José A. , Díaz-García María A.
Published: July 2024

A method (based on holographic lithography, dry etching and temperature annealing) to fabricate gold nanoparticles in gelatin films and pattern them into gratings with periods down to 200 nm, controlling the size and particle distribution.
Exploration of novel dual-emission NL-CDs/Cu–Cy–I ratio fluorescent probe for the sensitive detection of amoxicillin
Authors: Shi Bowen , Yin Zirui , Tang Xiaodan , Yu Hongmei , Cui Shuanping , Chen Wei
Published: July 2024

A dual-emission ratio fluorescence probe (NL-CDs/Cu–Cy–I) was fabricated via an electrostatic self-assembly method.
Exploring the chemical and structural change of copper porphyrins upon charging by means of synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Smok Thomas , Hu Yang , Jana Saibal , Pammer Frank , Fichtner Maximilian
Published: July 2024

Bending porphyrins: Upon charging copper porphyrins tend to change their structural configuration. This study uses synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy to reveal these changes and shows that copper acts as a redox center in copper porphyrins.
Speech-in-Noise and Dichotic Auditory Training Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Mathews Lauren , Schafer Erin C. , Gopal Kamakshi V. , Lam Boji , Miller Sharon
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit auditory processing issues, including poor speech recognition in background noise and dichotic processing (integration of different stimuli presented to the two ears). Auditory training could mitigate these auditory difficulties. However, few auditory training programs have been designed to target specific listening deficits for students with ASD. The present study summarizes the development of an innovative, one-on-one, clinician-developed speech-in-noise (SIN) training program that has not been previously described and an existing dichotic auditory training program to address common auditory processing deficits in students with ASD.

Method:

Twenty verbal students with ASD, ages 7–17 years, completed a one-on-one, clinician-developed SIN training program and a commercially available dichotic training program 2–3 times a week (30–45 min per session) for 12 weeks. Maximum and minimum training levels from the SIN and dichotic training programs were analyzed statistically to document changes in training level over the training period.

Results:

Analyses of the pre- and posttraining data revealed significant improvements in training level for both the SIN and dichotic training programs.

Conclusions:

Overall, the proposed SIN training resulted in significant improvements in training level and may be used along with dichotic training to improve some of the most common auditory processing issues documented in verbal individuals with ASD requiring minimal support. Both types of auditory training may be implemented in one-on-one therapy in clinics and in the schools.
Recommendations for Expanding the Clinical Role of Audiologists in Hospitals in Mainland China: Insights From a Survey-Based Study
Authors: Wang Shangqiguo , Mo Changgeng , Zhao Cheng , Shen Xiaoli , Chen Yuan
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

This study aims to collect information on the current duties and educational backgrounds of clinical audiologists in mainland Chinese hospitals, aiming to making recommendations for the scope of practice for them.

Method:

A survey-based study focused on clinical audiologists in mainland China was conducted. This survey sought to collect comprehensive information regarding their educational backgrounds, work duties, and responsibilities. After reaching out to a potential pool of 495 participants within an online community of clinical audiologists, 162 responses were received from various hospitals across mainland China.

Results:

The survey findings indicate that most clinical audiologists in China are primarily engaged in hearing/auditory-related assessments. Although most respondents have received proper clinical audiology training, with 98.77% holding a bachelor's degree or higher, their role closely resembles that of audiology technicians, with many lacking the authority to explain test results to patients (60.49%) or to choose specific assessments (75.93%). Despite their substantial training in audiology, the scope of their clinical responsibilities is notably limited.

Conclusions:

Given the extensive audiological training that these professionals undergo and the growing demand for audiology and hearing care services in China, there is a compelling justification for expanding the duties of clinical audiologists in Chinese hospitals. Such an expansion could encompass audiological consultations and a more direct role in patient care, thereby improving the quality and accessibility of audiology services in China.
Research on airport baggage anomaly retention detection technology based on machine vision, edge computing, and blockchain
Authors: Chen Yuzhou , Mao Gang , Yang Xue , Du Mingqian , Song Hongqing
Published: July 2024

Airport checked luggage entails specific requirements for speed, stability, and reliability. The issue of abnormal retention of checked luggage presents a significant challenge to aviation safety and transportation efficiency. Traditional luggage monitoring systems exhibit limitations in terms of accuracy and timeliness. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a real‐time detection and alerting of luggage anomaly retention based on the YOLOv5 object detection model, leveraging visual algorithms. By eliminating cloud servers and deploying multiple edge servers to establish a private chain, images of anomalously retained luggage are encrypted and stored on the chain. Data users can verify the authenticity of accessed images through anti‐tampering algorithms, ensuring the security of data transmission and storage. The deployment of edge computing servers can significantly reduce algorithm latency and enhance real‐time performance. This solution employs computer vision technology and an edge computing framework to address the speed and stability of checked luggage transportation. Furthermore, blockchain technology greatly enhances system security during operation. A model trained on a sample set of 4600 images achieved a luggage recognition rate of 96.9% and an anomaly detection rate of 95.8% in simulated test videos.
GLRT‐based detection of targets composed of distributed scattering centres
Authors: Hatami Amir Mohammad , Karbasi Seyyed Mohammad , Nayebi Mohammad Mahdi
Published: July 2024

Attributed scattering problems have been found to be helpful in inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging and target recognition problems. In this model, the scattering centres are divided into two categories: localised and distributed. Localised scattering centres are those that are concentrated in a small area, while distributed scattering centres are spread out over a larger area. Several methods have been proposed to estimate the scattering centres which aim to accurately identify the location and characteristics of the scattering centres. However, detecting a distributed scattering centre remains a challenging task. A novel technique is proposed based on sparse signals to improve the detection of distributed scattering centres from localised ones. This technique takes advantage of the sparsity of the signals to accurately identify the location of the distributed scattering centres. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of algorithm in detecting distributed scattering centres. This improved detection capability has significant implications for ISAR imaging and target recognition problems.
Influence of elective disciplineson physical fitness and somatic health of students
Authors: Kopeikina Evgeniya N. , Kondakov Victor L. , Voloshina Ludmila N. , Kormakova Valentina N. , Balysheva Natalya V.
Published: July 2024

The aim of the study is to assess the impact of classes within the framework of the discipline "Elective disciplines in physical education and sports" on physical fitness and somatic health of students. Methodology: 300 students participated in the study. Research methods: study, analysis, comparison of scientific and methodological literature data on the studied problem of domestic and foreign scientists, testing of physical qualities, the index method, functional tests, methods of mathematical statistics. The results of our research allow us to assert that practicing one type of motor activity within the framework of the subject does not allow us to realize most of the tasks that must be solved in the course of classes in this discipline. Such classes do not have a comprehensive impact on physical fitness, unlike academic physical education classes, which include various sports. In this regard, we recommend considering the possibility of applying individual programs for self-organization of students' motor modes in the educational space of the university. Conclusion. Our study showed that one academic lesson per week does not significantly affect the physical fitness of students, but at the same time contributes to a significant improvement in the level of health in most experimental groups.