bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergistic antibacterial effect of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya and Psidium guajava leave extract on Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Alexander Philip  , Aisha E Ibrahim  , Zakari Lois
Published: September 2022

This study assessed the synergistic antibacterial effect of ethanol extract of Carica papaya and Psidium guajava on Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae using agar well diffusion method and microdilution with Microtitre plates. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the extract reveals the presence of alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, soluble carbohydrates and phenols. Five (5) grams of the freeze-dried extract was dissolved in 10ml of 10% Dimethyl Sulphoxide (DMSO) and used for sensitivity against selected standard isolates. Upon sensitivity testing, this study observes a significant inhibition zone diameter at the highest concentration of the extract (500 mg/ml) against Klebsiella pneumoniae with an inhibition zone diameter of 31.0mm relative to the inhibition zone diameters of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi with (19.5 mm) and (20.5 mm) respectively. The inhibition zone diameters of the positive control (ciprofloxacin solution) at 500 mg/mL for Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi was 36.0 mm, 37.5 mm and 34.5 mm respectively. Escherichia coli has minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.977 mg/ml while Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi have their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 31.25 mg/ml and 62.5 mg/ml respectively.
Screening and identification of some selected fungi species from Abattior waste water
Authors: Esther Eneyi Ebah  , Joel Inya Odo  , Joseph Adanu Adah
Published: September 2022

This study was carried out to screen and identify some selected fungi species from abattoir waste water in Makurdi metropolis. Abattoirs Waste water samples were collected from different locations which include Modern Market, Wadata, Wurukum, North bank, new bridge. The samples were transported to the Microbiology laboratory, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi. Standard microbiological tests were carried out to identify the organisms from abattoir waste water. The fungi species identified were, Aspergillus spp, Mucor, Absidia, Fusaruim, Rhizopus spp, Saccharomyces. Rhizopus and Mucor spp had the highest prevalence accounting for 21.05%, while Fusaruim spp had the lowest prevalence accounting for 10.52%. From the statistical analysis using ANOVA, there was significant difference between the colony counts in the different locations. Wurukum had the highest fungi count (20.40± 3.20 CFU/ml), followed by Wadata market (18.40± 9.62 CFU/ml), New bridge had the lowest fungi count of (8.20 ± 8.49 CFU/ml). The Physicochemical characteristics of abattoir waste water. Physicochemical analysis of waste water from abattoir shows that the temperature of wastewater ranges from 28.9°C to 29.8°C. The temperature was within the limit for wastewater discharge of <40°. The pH of the wastewater was near neutral (8.0-9.4), which plays a major role in determining the qualitative and quantitative abundance of microorganisms in the wastewater. From the findings of this study, it is recommended that there is need for regulatory authorities to enforce strict compliance to environmental safety rules.
Browser Selection for Android Smartphones Using Novel Fuzzy Hybrid Multi Criteria Decision Making Technique
Authors: Arunagiri Ramathilagam , Pandian Pitchipoo , Krishnasamy Valarmathi , Sivaprakasam Rajakarunakaran
Published: September 2022

IT and Telecommunication sector has grown massively over the past few decades. Mobile phones that were initially developed for making calls and now become an essential item and are just not restricted to calling. They have dominated most of the gadgets like computers, cameras etc. Regularly people come across an extensive number of enhanced and better-quality features being inbuilt with them. A variety of mobile phones with different shapes and sizes are manufactured within a wide range of budgets. This is the key motivation behind an exponential growth in the number of users and the arrival of new manufacturers in the field. Along with this growth, there is a fast growth of mobile application software providers also. Apart from calling, many consumers use smartphones for browsing the internet. This puts users into a dilemma to select a better browser for their smartphone to fulfill their requirements. With this aim, an attempt is made in this paper for the evaluation and selection of a better browser. To achieve this, a hybrid Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach is proposed by combining COPRAS (Complex Proportional Assessment of alternatives) technique and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP).
Weber Global Statistics Tri- Directional Pattern (WGSTriDP): A Texture Feature Descriptor for Image Retrieval
Authors: Chelladurai Callins Christiyana , Vayanaperumal Rajamani
Published: September 2022

The texture is a high-flying feature in an image and has been extracted to represent the image for image retrieval applications. Many texture features are being offered for image retrieval. This paper proposes a local binary pattern-based texture feature called Weber Global Statistics Tri-Directional Pattern (WGSTriDP) to retrieve the images. This pattern combines the advantages of differential excitation components in the Weber Local Binary Pattern (WLBP), sign and magnitude components in the Local Tri-Directional Pattern (LTriDP), and global statistics. Differential Excitation (DE) and Global Statistics TriDirectional Pattern (GSTriDP) are two components of WGSTriDP. The WGSTriDP gains the benefit of discrimination concerning human perception from differential excitation as well as incorporates global statistics into sign and magnitude components in the pattern derived from the local neighborhoods. The effectiveness of the pattern in image retrieval is experimented with in two benchmark databases, such as ORL (face database) and UIUC (texture database). According to the results of the experiments, WGSTriDP outperforms other local patterns in retrieving similar images from the database.
Organizational design in export framed by product strategy and firm characteristics: a descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analysis
Authors: Radojevic Predrag , Sudarevic Tomislav , Dosenovic Dragana , Boskovic Aleksandra
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this paper is to research how core product standardization/adaptation and firm characteristics may frame organizational design in exporting. The aim is to outline organizational design for optimal export performance and note that wrong organizational design may prevent effectiveness and success, despite how good the chosen strategy is. To achieve the above mentioned, empirical research grounded on positivist paradigm, quantitative approach, and survey techniques with descriptive, predictive and prescriptive analysis was employed, following well-known business principle that organizational structure follows strategy. Obtained findings indicate that organizational design may be framed on three parameters: standardization as an export marketing strategy for core products, firm size, and capital ownership. Those variables and their sub-levels are used for indicating prescriptions for organizational configuration, complexity, formalization, centralization, coordination and control, and suitable approach in international management depending on main export destination.
Strategic Dualities and Business Model Innovation within SMEs
Authors: Biloslavo Roberto , Edgar David Alex , Rusjan Roland
Published: September 2022

Applying a business model approach, this paper explores how SMEs perceive, understand and deal with the range of strategic dualities that they face and how this may impact their business model innovation. Qualitative research was conducted using a sample of eight SMEs with the results analysed using content analysis. The findings suggest that SMEs address strategic dualities along four dimensions: degree of globalization (local vs. global), type of offering (individual experience vs. mass product), time orientation (short-term survival vs. long-term orientation), and modernity orientation (tradition vs. modern). It appears to be that SMEs do not recognize these dualities directly but are continuously trying to cope with the tensions they create, and that the whole process is biased by a strong link of SMEs to the local environment (i.e. terroir) that prevents radical innovation of business models. These findings are significant as they cast new insights into the strategic duality faced by SMEs and start to untangle the complex relationships between elements of the business model and SMEs’ local environments.
Im Ringen um Erkenntnis und Anerkennung: Wie Rechtswissenschaftler*innen das eigene akademische Publizieren im Zuge von Open Access sehen
Authors: Fischer Georg
Published: September 2022

Wie denken deutsche Rechtswissenschaftler*innen über das Publikationswesen ihrer Disziplin und Open Access? Antworten auf diese Frage und Hinweise für zukünftige (empirische) Erforschungen dieses Themas trägt der Text im Rahmen einer qualitativ-soziologischen Interviewstudie zusammen. Die Studie folgt dabei einem induktiven, das heißt theoriebildenden Grounded-Theory-Ansatz (im Gegensatz zu deduktiven, also theorieprüfenden Verfahren). Auf Grundlage offen geführter Interviews mit etablierten und aufstrebenden Rechtswissenschaftler*innen identifiziert der Text verschiedene Strukturmomente des rechtswissenschaftlichen Publizierens, die nach Ansicht der Befragten besondere Relevanz für die eigene Publikationsbiografie und Karriere haben. Dazu zählen insbesondere die Verzahnung von universitären Promotionsordnungen und Qualifikationsstrukturen mit (traditionellen) Publikationsgewohnheiten, das als vorherrschend empfundene Modell des gedruckten Werks und damit verbundene Reputationsmechanismen, die Rolle von Druckkostenzuschüssen und Open-Access-Gebühren sowie die am Horizont auftauchenden (offenen) Alternativen beim rechtswissenschaftlichen Publizieren (etwa Blogs und Social-Media-Kommunikation). Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Einordnung der Ergebnisse zum rechtswissenschaftlichen Publizieren in den größeren wissenschaftssoziologischen Zusammenhang, insbesondere was die sozialstrukturelle Zugänglichkeit juristischer und akademischer Berufe betrifft.
Datentracking und die herausgeforderte Wissenschaftsfreiheit im digitalen Zeitalte
Authors: Kunz Raffaela
Published: September 2022

Die Digitalisierung gilt als große Chance für die Wissenschaft. Zunehmend zeigen sich allerdings auch Schattenseiten. Zahlreiche Berichte zeigen auf, dass wissenschaftliche Großverlage ihr Geschäftsfeld zunehmend auf das Sammeln und Analysieren von Daten und Nutzerspuren verlagern - manchmal unter dem Deckmantel von Open Science. Das Datengeschäft eröffnet ihnen ungekannte Wachstumsmöglichkeiten - und stellt die Wissenschaftsfreiheit vor strukturelle Herausforderungen. Denn durch die zunehmende Privatisierung der nahezu gesamten digitalen Forschungsinfrastruktur entstehen zahlreiche Möglichkeiten der Einflussnahme auf wissenschaftliche Prozesse - und damit neue Gefahren für die Autonomie des Wissenschaftssystems, wie es auch von der Wissenschaftsfreiheit geschützt wird. Angesichts der schieren Macht der im Wissenschaftssystem tätigen Akteure kommt der Beitrag mit Seitenblick auf die jüngsten Gesetzesvorstöße im Bereich der Plattformregulierung zum Schluss, dass die Selbstregulierung der Wissenschaft an ihre Grenzen stößt und unterstützende rechtliche Regulierung erforderlich ist.
Jugendstrafrecht
Authors: Ostendorf Heribert , Drenkhahn Kirstin
Published: September 2022

Ein Lehrbuch für Anfänger wie für Fortgeschrittene, insbesondere für Studierende mit dem Schwerpunkt „Jugendstrafrecht“. Der Lernstoff ist systematisch aufbereitet, das Lernen wird durch vielfältige Schaubilder sowie durch die Darstellung der Justizpraxis und durch Fallbeispiele erleichtert. Es wird nicht nur die sogenannte herrschende Meinung (h.M.) wiedergegeben, auch auf kritische wie abweichende Positionen wird hingewiesen.

Die 11. Auflage berücksichtigt die aktuelle Gesetzeslage, so das Gesetz zur Bekämpfung sexualisierter Gewalt gegen Kinder, das Kinder- und Jugendstärkungsgesetz sowie neue Gesetze auf Länderebene zum Jugendstrafvollzug.
Questions and Answers im Europäischen Wirtschaftsrecht
Authors: Merwald Maximilian
Published: September 2022

Questions and Answers of the European Supervisory Authorities pursuant to Art. 16b of the ESA Regulation have an enormous factual relevance. However, it is unclear what the legal nature of these statements is and how the judge has to deal with them. This thesis attempts to clarify these questions in terms of legal methodology. Starting from the doctrine of argumentation, the existence of a duty to refer as well as a change in the burden of argumentation is explained and thus the legal source property is clarified. It is made clear that each executive pronouncement must be considered separately and that, within the framework of a moving system, elements must be gathered that can justify a duty to refer and a change in the burden of argumentation.
Die Europäisierung des Tatbestandes der Marktmanipulation
Authors: Vogt Magdalena
Published: September 2022

By adopting the Market Abuse Directive (CRIM-MAD) in 2014, the EU made use of the annex competence of Art. 83 (2) TFEU for the first time and created minimum rules for criminal offences targeting market manipulation. At the same time, a fully harmonising provision prohibiting market manipulation was established with the Market Abuse Regulation (MAR). By creating two parallel provisions, this legislatory approach has caused divergences concerning the compatibility with the principles of minimum rules of harmonisation of criminal law. The interaction of divergenting provisions also leads to problems with implementing the Directive, through the introduction of criminal offences accessory to Union law referring to the MAR.
A comunidade arbórea do remanescente florestal urbano do Parque Natural Municipal da Lajinha (Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil)
Authors: Pessoa José Felipe Salomão , Fonseca Cassiano Ribeiro da , Santana Lucas Deziderio , Pifano Daniel Salgado , Carvalho Fabrício Alvim
Published: September 2022

O estudo objetivou analisar a estrutura, composição e diversidade de espécies arbóreas do fragmento florestal urbano do Parque Natural Municipal da Lajinha (Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil). Foram alocadas 25 parcelas de 20 x 20 m (1 ha), onde foram mensurados todos os indivíduos com DAP ≥ 5cm. Foram amostrados 1393 indivíduos vivos, pertencentes a 155 espécies e 51 famílias botânicas. As espécies com maiores VI foram: Nectandra nitidula (15,0), Eugenia hiemalis (12,6), Bathysa australis (9,94), Virola bicuhyba (8,71) e Alchornia triplinervia (8,02). O índice de diversidade de espécies de Shannon foi um dos mais altos para as florestas da região (H’ = 4,36 nats.ind-1). O elevado índice de equabilidade de Pielou (J’ = 0,87) e as análises multivariadas (agrupamento e DCA) mostraram alta heterogeneidade florística na comunidade. Complementarmente, a presença de espécies raras da flora de MG e de espécies nacionalmente ameaçadas (Ocotea odorifera, Virola bicuhyba, Dicksonia sellowiana) evidenciam a área como importante relicto de conservação da biodiversidade na paisagem urbana.
Efeitos dos tratamentos silviculturais na dinâmica da distribuição diamétrica em uma área de floresta tropical amazônica com o uso da função Weibull
Authors: Bila Jacob Miguel , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto , Corte Ana Paula Dalla , Freitas Lucas José Mazzei de
Published: September 2022

Este trabalho analisou as distribuições diamétricas antes e após intervenções silviculturais em uma área de floresta tropical úmida da Amazônia no estado do Amapá, Brasil. O objetivo consistiu em entender de que modo a distribuição diamétrica da floresta foi recuperada depois dos tratamentos silviculturais entre 1984 e 2011, um intervalo de 27 anos. Para essa finalidade, dados de 40 parcelas permanentes foram utilizados. A função Weibull da distribuição diamétrica nos anos de 1984, 1990 e 2011 foi ajustada aos tratamentos controle T0 (0% de exploração e 0% de desbastes), T07 (25% de exploração e 50% de desbastes) e T11 (35% de exploração e 50% de desbastes) através do pacote estatístico Table Curve. As comparações das distribuições diamétricas antes e depois das intervenções silviculturais foram feitas usando o teste de χ2. Os resultados mostraram que os ajustes da função Weibull obtiveram boa aderência pelo teste de Kolmogorov–Smirnov (p > 0,05), em todos os tratamentos e em todos os períodos. Não houve diferenças significativas antes e depois das intervenções para T0. Por outro lado, foram observadas diferenças das distribuições diamétricas antes e depois das intervenções conforme os níveis de intervenção para T7 e T11. Portanto, para T11, a distribuição diamétrica recuperou-se depois das intervenções, o que significa que o período de 1984 a 2011 foi suficiente para a recuperação da distribuição diamétrica ao seu estado inicial.
Gastos públicos com veículos e aeronaves empregados no combate ao incêndio florestal ocorrido na Reserva Biológica de Sooretama
Authors: Silva Elaine Cristina Gomes , Fiedler Nilton Cesar , Neves Felipe Patrício das , Canzian Weslen Pintor
Published: September 2022

Os incêndios florestais são considerados um dos maiores problemas ambientais em todo o mundo, comprometendo seriamente o desenvolvimento sustentável. No setor público, a prevenção e combate aos incêndios florestais tornaram-se um desafio para os gestores, que precisam lidar, entre outras questões, com a falta de recursos e de políticas públicas orientadas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi contabilizar os gastos operacionais dos veículos e aeronaves do setor público empregados no combate a um incêndio florestal de grande proporção na Reserva Biológica de Sooretama, estado do Espírito Santo, utilizando dados ex post facto na elaboração de equações matemáticas. Os resultados dizem respeito aos gastos com combustíveis, manutenções e seguros, não sendo possível contabilizar os dispêndios com pneus, lubrificantes e graxas, por falta de dados oficiais. Nos resultados, constatou-se o emprego de 36 veículos leves e 27 pesados e 3 aeronaves de origem militar, além da locação de 19 veículos de apoio. Concluiu-se que o maior gasto foi de instituições estaduais, representando 72% do total dos custos com manutenções das aeronaves e 50% do gasto total de combustível, incluindo querosene de aviação. Em média diária, foram queimados cerca de 180 hectares nos limites do entorno da Reserva, demandando um desembolso financeiro operacional médio diário de R$17.595,23 e mais R$64.264,47 de depreciação mensal dos equipamentos. Constatou-se, ainda, que esses gastos só não foram maiores em razão das significativas contribuições de empresas privadas.
Morfometría de copa para Quercus crassifolia Humb. & Bonpl. y Quercus rugosa Née en Hidalgo, México
Authors: Hernández-Ramos Jonathan , Ángeles-Pérez Gregorio , Pérez-Miranda Ramiro , Reyes-Hernández Valentín José , Razo-Zarate Ramón
Published: September 2022

Quercus crassifolia y Quercus rugosa son especies de importancia ecológica y económica por su distribución geográfica, intervalo altitudinal, abundancia en regiones montañosas y plasticidad. Sin embargo, la gestión y aprovechamiento forestal han sido incompatibles con las necesidades ecológicas de cada especie de Quercus, en parte por la falta de herramientas silvícolas cuantitativas. Por tal motivo, se plantearon los objetivos de i) determinar los índices morfométricos (IM) y su correlación con el diámetro normal (dn), altura total (At), diámetro de copa (dc) y altura de fuste limpio (Afl); y ii) ajustar con Modelos de Efectos Mixtos (MEM), las características de la copa de Quercus crassifolia y Quercus rugosa en función del dn, con la inclusión de la covariable altitud. Con información dasométrica de 128 sitios de muestreo distribuidos en 32 conglomerados en bosques de clima templado del estado de Hidalgo, se calcularon y correlacionaron ocho IM mediante el coeficiente de Pearson. Además, se ajustaron con MEM los modelos de Schumacher, Alométrico y Lineal para estimar el dc, área de proyección de copa (Apc) y proporción de la copa en porcentaje (pc%), respectivamente. Para Quercus crassifolia, por cada metro que crece el radio de copa se tiene un incremento de 8,8 cm en dn, mientras que en Quercus rugosa el aumento es de 9,8 cm. El índice de esbeltez promedio es de 0,53 y 0,51, respectivamente. La correlación de Pearson entre variables dasométricas e IM con la forma de copa fue de -0,61 y para la altura total, Apc, dc y pc% con el dn resulto >0,64, ambos para las dos especies. Los MEM fueron estadísticamente robustos y sin violaciones de los supuestos de regresión. La información silvícola generada puede ser referencia para planear las actividades de gestión y monitoreo en los rodales Quercus crassifolia y Quercus rugosa.
Análise fitossociológica e de indicadores ecológicos em duas áreas de Caatinga com históricos diferentes de uso no Sertão Paraibano
Authors: Dutra Júnior Marcelo Pereira , Marangon Luiz Carlos , Gonçalves Maria da Penha Moreira , Feliciano Ana Lícia Patriota
Published: September 2022

O Bioma Caatinga inclui uma flora predominantemente xerófila, cujas características estão ligadas às condições da região e compreende atividades que afetam diretamente os aspectos da caatinga, sendo uma delas a pecuária. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a Fitossociologia do componente arbóreo-arbustivo, bem como indicadores ecológicos, em duas áreas de Caatinga com históricos diferentes de uso, no Sertão Paraibano. Para isso, considerou-se duas áreas pertencentes à uma zona rural de Brejo do Cruz-PB, uma destinada à criação de bovinos há mais de 20 anos e outra sem atividades há 10 anos. Com isso, foram instaladas 40 parcelas de 25 x 10 m (250 m²) nas respectivas áreas, no qual foram amostrados indivíduos quanto à família, gênero e espécie e feita análise dos parâmetros fitossociológicos. Os indicadores avaliados foram: regeneração natural, serapilheira e entomofauna. Os resultados mostraram que as duas áreas apresentaram padrões semelhantes em relação à fitossociologia e diversidade, tendo como principais espécies Poincianella bracteosa, Mimosa tenuiflora e Aspidosperma pyrifolium. Quanto aos indicadores ecológicos, a regeneração natural e Entomofauna apresentaram resultados semelhantes para as áreas, enquanto a serapilheira apresentou diferença significativa entre as áreas, apontando maior valor para o ambiente conservado. Contudo, as áreas apresentaram padrões similares, indicando que a intensidade animal não exerceu diferença no período considerado.
Florística e estrutura do componente epifítico vascular de um remanescente de Floresta Ombrófila Mista em Curitiba, Paraná
Authors: Bizarro Ollyver Mauricio Rech , Blum Christopher Thomas
Published: September 2022

Foi realizado o levantamento florístico e fitossociológico do componente epifítico vascular de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista no município de Curitiba. Para amostragem fitossociológica, foram selecionados 20 forófitos, que foram divididos em 6 zonas ecológicas, sendo atribuídas notas referentes à dominância e à cobertura das espécies em cada zona. O valor de importância ecológica (VIE) foi calculado com base nos valores relativos de frequência, cobertura e dominância. Foram encontradas 80 espécies vasculares, 51 gêneros e 22 famílias. Orchidaceae foi a família de maior riqueza com 26 espécies (32,5%), seguida de Polypodiaceae com 12 (15%). Os gêneros mais ricos foram Acianthera com 6 espécies (7,5%) e Pleopeltis com 5 (6,3%) cada. No levantamento fitossociológico foram registradas 51 espécies e 17 famílias. O índice de Shannon (H’) estimado para a amostragem foi de 3,63 nats.ind-1 e a equidade (J’) foi 0,92. A maior parte das espécies (75%) são holoepífitos característicos, já os hemiepífitos e epífitas efêmeras foram pouco expressivos, com apenas 11,3% e 5%, respectivamente. As espécies com maior importância estrutural somaram 78,8% do VIE. Microgramma squamulosa e Lepismium warmingianum foram as mais importantes da comunidade, com VIE superior a 7% cada, já Campyloneurum nitidum foi a mais importante apenas na zona da base do fuste. Quatro famílias se destacaram: Polypodiaceae com VIE de 28,2%, Bromeliaceae com VIE 19,8%, Cactaceae com VIE 19,2% e Orchidaceae com VIE 17,3%, somando 84,6% do VIE. A maior parte dos registros ocorreu nas classes de cobertura 0-5 e 6- 10%, que somam 94,9% dos registros. Com relação à dominância, 87,1% dos registros de epífitas receberam nota 1 ou 2 (porte e biomassa reduzidos) e apenas 2,8% receberam nota 9 ou 15 (porte e biomassa expressivos) com destaque para Heptapleurum arboricola, espécie exótica invasora. Conclui-se que a comunidade epifítica apresentou elevada diversidade e riqueza, além de estrutura fitossociológica bem desenvolvida. A copa média e interna foram as zonas da árvore com maior diversidade e estrutura mais desenvolvida.
Uso de estufim e de AIB para o enraizamento de miniestacas de Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake × Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell
Authors: Rocha Fabiana Miranda , Titon Miranda , Fernandes Sula Janaina de Oliveira , Santos Paulo Henrique Rodrigues dos , Laia Marcelo Luiz de , Pena Claudilene Aparecida Alves
Published: September 2022

O gênero Eucalyptus possui grande importância em plantios florestais. No entanto, algumas espécies e clones deste gênero apresentam dificuldades no processo de produção de mudas pelo enraizamento de estacas. Algumas alternativas estão sendo utilizadas para contornar a recalcitrância ao enraizamento, como o uso de reguladores de crescimento e a utilização de estufins no minijardim clonal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do tempo de permanência das minicepas sob o estufim e de diferentes concentrações de ácido indol-3-butírico (AIB) no enraizamento de miniestacas de um clone híbrido de Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus pellita. Foram testadas quatro concentrações de AIB e um tratamento-controle (0, 1.000, 2.000, 4.000 e 8.000 mg L-1) e dois tempos sob estufim (40 e 70 dias). Mudas produzidas com maiores concentrações do AIB apresentaram altura média e diâmetro do coleto superiores àquelas sem a presença da auxina na saída da casa de vegetação. A massa seca da parte aérea apresentou maiores valores para o menor tempo de estufim na saída da casa de vegetação. Maiores concentrações de AIB proporcionaram o aumento do número de miniestacas enraizadas na saída da casa de vegetação e da área de pleno sol. O uso de 8.000 mg L-1 de AIB aumentou o percentual de raízes consideradas ótimas, nos dois tempos de estufim testados, e reduziu a formação de calos, mostrando-se eficiente para o enraizamento em termos gerais, alcançando 95 % na saída da área de pleno sol. O tempo de uso do estufim no minijardim clonal não influenciou significativamente a produção de mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus pellita dentro das condições analisadas.
"Correspondence on the Reduction of Correspondence": Attempts to Optimize the Activities of the Russian Government System in the Field of Business Communication During the Russian-Japanese War of 1904-1905 (Based on the Materials of the Kaluga Province)
Authors: Kovalev Artem
Published: September 2022

The object of consideration is the government of Russia during the Russian-Japanese War, the subject is the activity of the government in Russia in the field of business communication during the war. The purpose of the study is to trace the main trends in optimizing the activities of the Russian government system in the field of business communication in 1904-1905 based on archival documents. A number of tasks are being solved to achieve the goal. To analyze the innovations developed by the government system, represented by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, to optimize business communication in 1904-1905. To study how these innovations were implemented in a particular region – Kaluga Province. To consider the results of the activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the provincial authorities in optimizing business communication in 1904-1905. The novelty of the study is as follows. The question is raised about how the Russian government system reacted to the complicated situation of 1904-1905. The emphasis is placed on the consideration of optimization attempts in the field of business communication. This problem is considered at two levels: the All–Russian – Ministry of Internal Affairs and the regional - Kaluga province. It is concluded that the leading circles of Russia in 1904-1905 tried to make changes in the field of government. There are two groups of innovations: an attempt to optimize the form of business communication and an attempt to organize cost savings in the process of business communication. Innovations spread from the center to places and took root slowly. The "correspondence on the reduction of correspondence" "survived" the war, "caught" three interior ministers, and there was no guarantee that the innovations had fully taken root. Belated changes failed to increase the efficiency of governance so much that the empire was able to gain the upper hand in the conflict in the Far East and avoid revolution.
Umar ibn al-Khattab in the cultural memory of Muslims of Russia on the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Nadyrshin Timur Maratovich
Published: September 2022

For Muslims, the early history of Islam is an important part of the religious meta-narrative. A special place in this story is occupied by the life and reign of Umar ibn al-Khattab, who is revered in Sunni historiography as the second righteous Caliph. The article analyzes the place of Umar ibn al-Khattab in the collective memory of Muslims in Russia. The work is based on the analysis of such sources as Russian-language theological literature, the 2012 TV series "Umar ibn-al Khattab", mentions in Russian-language media, statistics of Internet search queries based on the Google Trends tool, as well as the results of a survey of Muslims of Bashkortostan dedicated to cultural memory. The article is based on the hermeneutical method, quantitative analysis, and questioning of believers. For Islam, the biographies of companions are an important part of hagiography. The biographies of the companions are sinless, the actions are justified, the Muslims of the first centuries appear to be an ideal society. The results demonstrate that Umar ibn al-Khattab is the most interesting "place of memory" for believers among the companions of the Prophet Muhammad. The figure and narratives of Umar's rule are a space for the self–identification of Muslim believers for the whole world and Russia in particular, and his image is the basis for instrumentalization in the public life of the Muslim community. This is especially true of such aspects as power, law and relations with other faiths.
Practices of Censorship of Statistical Works in Pre-reform Russia (late XVIII – first half of XIX centuries)
Authors: Skrydlov Andrei
Published: September 2022

The object of the study is the history of the relationship between state power and statistical science in the Russian Empire in the second half of the XVIII – first half of the XIX centuries. The author examines the practices of censorship supervision over the publication of research papers in the field of state studies – an early descriptive direction of statistical science. The article analyzes the main stages of the development of legislation in the field of the civil press and highlights the key claims that the censorship authorities had against the authors of statistical works. Special attention is paid to the study of the social and political context in which the evolution of censorship restrictions on the dissemination of statistical data took place. It is noted that the tacit ban on the publication of any statistical information, which existed in the middle of the XVIII century, was replaced by the liberalization of censorship legislation at the beginning of the Alexander reign. In the future, with the formation of statistics-state studies as a political science, the attention of the state to the content of these works became more and more intense. The growth of conservative tendencies in domestic politics led to the fact that the government increasingly suppressed the free interpretation of statistical materials. The formation of the institution of departmental censorship in the mid-1820s gave rise to the problem of the plurality of censorship authorities, which became a serious barrier to the development of state studies. It is concluded that a broad interpretation of the norms of censorship statutes made it possible for interested ministries to delay the publication of statistical works for a long time, or not to allow them to be printed at all under the pretext of inaccuracy or secrecy of data.
Betydningen av helsepersonells kjærlighet og mangel på kjærlighet i rusbehandling
Authors: Shaw Waage Magdalena , Thorkildsen Kari Marie
Published: September 2022

Kjærlighet er det mest fundamentale for menneskets eksistens, og den er avgjørende for at helsehjelpen oppleves omsorgsfull. Ruslidelser er komplekse, og ofte preget av selvkritikk, skam og skyld. Hensikten med denne studien var å få dypere forståelse for pasienter i rusbehandling sine opplever av hvordan helsepersonells kjærlighet og deres mangel på kjærlighet kan komme til uttrykk. Kvalitative intervju ble gjennomført med fire pasienter som var innlagt til behandling på to institusjoner som tilbyr tverrfaglig spesialisert rusbehandling. Data ble analysert ved hjelp av Lindseth og Nordberg sin fenomenologisk hermeneutiske metode. Resultatene viste at kjærlighet kommer til uttrykk som omsorg, ved at man opplever å bli forstått, at man blir møtt med autentisitet og likeverd, og at man får den hjelpen man trenger. Når disse fenomenene var fraværende i relasjonen med helsepersonellet, opplevede deltakerne at verdigheten ble krenket og at det kunne være vanskelig å fullføre behandlingen.
Unseen Policies in News Translation: A Study Investigating News Translators’ Practices and Strategies
Authors: Eltheb Hamza
Published: September 2022

This paper explores the institutional practices of translating news articles by focusing on ideological representations and editorial guidelines. It also investigates the steps adopted by news translators when transferring news articles with a slight focus on Arabic. The study uses surveys in a form of interviews and questionnaire, which were delivered to a range of journalists and news editors involved in translating news. Their input is qualitatively analysed to find out how translation operates and how ideologies impinge upon translation products in media institutions. The paper enhances our understanding of the role of translators who work within ideologically-driven institutions. In particular, it reveals that the editorial policies of news institutions are not always stated and can at times be hidden. Moreover, a news item can be intentionally altered and news sources can be blurred, so that readers are kept unaware that the target text is a translation from various sources.
In Transit: The Changing Nature of Cities, Suburbs and Modes of Communication in Cold War America
Authors: Roy Utsha
Published: September 2022

This article is concerned with the study of urban spaces, such as cities, suburbs and modes of transportation, and their changing social and political dimensions in Cold War America. To do so, the essay will try to understand how cities and suburbs, post- World War II, evolved in terms of demographic composition and how domestic and foreign policies of the two power blocks impacted this demography. American sociologist, Louis Wirth’s (1996) ideas of expansion of cities and formation of suburbs have been examined against the actual development of American metropolises alongside an exploration of domestic policies, especially those of ‘containment’ and ‘conformity’, and referenced to works of Cold War historians- Robert Genter and Nadel. Having identified the forces governing these spaces, the essay then delves forward to account for the implications of the ‘third space’ in Cold War America. It considers ‘third space’ as a geographic entity, as propounded by historian of urban planning- Edward Soja, and compares the representation of the ‘third space’ in Cold War literary texts to derive its conclusion.
Referential Cohesion in the Translation of English-swahili Healthcare Texts
Authors: Orang’i Douglas Ondara
Published: September 2022

Referential cohesion in African languages is a largely neglected area of study. Given the foregoing, this study, theoretically anchored on Descriptive Translation Studies and Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) seminal model, explores referential cohesion in the translation of English-Swahili healthcare texts with an endeavour to describe its use and establish if there is variation when texts are translated. Cohesion in translation is fundamental since it is the basis of a network of relations that allows readers to interpret a text. The results show that personals and demonstratives are the most widely used references in both the source and target texts. Further, anaphoric reference is the most prevalent. In addition, it emerged that the translated Swahili text uses more reference items than their English counterparts. This is partly due to explicitation and the nature of the Swahili verb. This study brings to the fore the role of translators in making texts cohesive notwithstanding the reference items used in the source texts.
The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages Literacy of Teachers Working in Turkish Teaching Centers
Authors: Fişekcioğlu Aslı
Published: September 2022

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, which will be briefly referred to as CEFR in this article, is accepted as a reference by academics working for the Council of Europe Committee on Languages. It sets the criteria for the teaching of any language as a foreign language. It aims to assess and evaluate foreign language acquisition, foreign language teaching, and foreign language levels in the world within certain criteria. In an attempt to determine the prevalence of the literacy of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages among 88 randomly selected teachers teaching Turkish to foreigners, this study aims to explore, based on the concepts of information literacy and academic literacy, how well the framework is known and received by the teachers. The data revealing the perceptions of the teachers towards the concept of “CEFR” were analyzed and interpreted with the content analysis method. As it can be concluded from the results of the current study, more research is needed on CEFR literacy. In addition, teachers of Turkish as a foreign language should be encouraged to develop professionally and improve their CEFR literacy. This is indeed a key step for the future of teaching Turkish as a foreign language.
Turkish as A Foreign Language Instructors’ Perception Towards Homework
Authors: Ogur Erol , Baştürk Şükrü , Şahin Ersin
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the views of instructors teaching Turkish language literacy to foreigners about the homework. For data collection, 175 instructors teaching at the Turkish Teaching Centers in Turkey in the 2021-2022 academic year participated. For the study group, the scale system in the “Google forms” software was utilized. Data were collected in 8 weeks. “The Scale of the Opinions of instructors Teaching Turkish Literacy to Foreigners about Homework” was a 3-point Likert type that consisted of 48 items. SPSS 24.0 program was used for analysis of the data. Together with descriptive statistical methods, t test was used for the comparisons of two groups with normal distribution and the ANOVA test was used for group comparisons of 3 and above. The instructors stated that the homework should be evaluated both as a process and as a content, that homework should be given for authentic as it would attract more attention of students, and that homework improved the reading and writing skills. While there was no statistically significant difference between the views of the instructors about homework by gender (p.05), significant differences were found by graduation status (p.05) and professional seniority (p.05).
Activity Suggestions to Develop Critical Reading and Writing Skills
Authors: Erkek Gülten
Published: September 2022

In today’s world, where reading is rare and media is trying to influence people in many ways, individuals encounter hundreds of propagandas or persuasive speeches, texts and presentations every day. Many topics such as questioning informative texts, interpreting ideas, and evaluating dialogues in daily life, require critical thinking skills. Developing our children’s critical reading and writing skills is necessary in order to prevent them from being negatively affected by the persuasion and propaganda works that we encounter every day. In this study, activities, which can be used by educators to improve reading and writing skills of secondary school students, have been prepared. Expert opinions on critical reading and writing activities were retrieved and the activities were finalized in accordance with these opinions. The activities prepared have been presented to the review of three field experts. All three of these field experts had more than fifteen years of experience in teaching and work under the Ministry of National Education, the three teachers work in an educational institution and besides, they have a doctorate in Turkish education and have received critical thinking education, all three of them are specialized academicians in Turkish education. Experts examined the characteristics of critical readers and critical writers in the literature. In literature, it has been observed that studies in on activities the field of critical thinking are limited. Therefore, it is considered that the activities prepared to improve critical reading and writing skills of secondary school students will contribute to critical thinking education.
Is an Online Creative Drama Lesson Possible? Preschool Prospective Teachers’ Opinions on the Effectiveness of Online Creative Drama Lessons
Authors: ÖZ Koray , Ahiskali Eylem Ezgi , Türkel Ali
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the opinions of preschool pre-service teachers on the adequacy of online drama lessons throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive survey model of the qualitative research methods was used and online drama lessons were run over a 12-week-period. Participants of the research were 64 pre-school prospective teachers who studied as senior students at a Turkish state university. In order to investigate the online applicability and effectiveness of practice-based drama lessons during this critical COVID-19 pandemic time, lesson planning has been avoided, considering that the elements that should be included in formal drama teaching should also be included in online drama. In the process of data collection, prior to online lesson, objectives and outcomes of online drama practices were designated with senior pre-service teachers in the department of pre-school education at a state university. The three researchers administered online lessons devised in accordance with the determined objectives and outcomes to eighty pre-school students. And they focused on the alignment of the dramatic structure constituents with function and the adequacy of the activities in the preparatory stage for the transition to the dramatization stage. Furthermore, activities in the dramatization stage and evaluation stage were examined in terms of adequacy in meeting the outcomes. Lesson plans were structured with the consideration that elements that are present in the formal drama instruction must be included in online drama practices, as well. Regarding the results obtained in the end of the study, it can be concluded that all the said elements were successfully reflected in the lessons. So, teachers can apply drama processes online in their classes and drama researchers can conduct studies regarding the effects of online drama lesson on different learning stages.
Relationship between Sports Education Students’ Team Loyalty and Sports Organization Consumption
Authors: Polatcan İsmail
Published: September 2022

This research aims to analyze how students who acquire sports education feel about their teams and how they consume sports organizations in terms of many aspects. The Sports Organizations Consumption Scale (SOTS), which has 25 questions and 5 factors, and the Team Loyalty Scale, which has 10 items and 2 factors, were used as evaluation tools. Using the SPSS 25.0 package program, parametric analyses were performed on the acquired data. Then, a “Pearson correlation analysis was used to establish the level and direction of the association between the dependent variables. The students’ team loyalty levels and their consumption of sports organizations have been found to have a positive and moderate level relationship (r= 0.44; p.000). In terms of gender, class, and being a national athlete, there was a significant difference in the perspectives of students who had athletic training (p0.05).
Examination of the Relationship between the Usage Frequency of Listening/Viewing Strategies of Middle School Students and their Listening Anxiety
Authors: Karahan Berna
Published: September 2022

Listening is one of the fundamental skills of language, and it is a skill that individuals will need throughout their lives, both in their educational years and in their social lives. From this point of view, the acquired skills for listening should be carefully examined. Because a problem to be experienced during the skill acquisition process can trigger anxiety. Increasing the frequency of use of listening/viewing strategies in order to reduce anxiety will have positive results. The proper acquisition and development of this skill, which has such an impact on a life of an individual, is an issue that needs to be emphasized. The aim of the present study is to determine the relationship between middle school students’ use of listening strategies and their listening anxiety. The required permissions were obtained for the study and ethical rules were followed. The study group of the study included 265 middle school students who were randomly selected in the center of Kars. The data were collected with the “Frequency Usage of Listening/Viewing Strategies Scale” and the “Listening Anxiety Scale for Middle School Students”. According to the results obtained, there were significant differences in terms of sex and age variables. It was determined that difference was in favor of female students. Furthermore, significantly positive relationships were found between the listening anxiety scale and the dimensions of the usage frequency scale of listening/viewing strategies. According to these relations, the use of listening/viewing strategies decreases as anxiety increases.