bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobility Hubs, an Innovative Concept for Sustainable Urban Mobility?
Authors: Hachette Maxime , L’Hostis Alain
Published: September 2023

Mobility hubs bring together, connect and provide users with several modes of transport. Cities adopt them to help reach many objectives simultaneously, mainly the reduction of air pollution, congestion, and car ownership. Each mobility hub is unique, but many of them have similar characteristics that allow them to be classified. Various typologies exist. Although the mobility hub concept is flexible, the implementation of a mobility hub adapted to the needs and objectives can sometimes be complicated, as it requires many steps and may face difficulties at each step. Despite the simplicity of the mobility hub concept. They seem to be an interesting, complex, and challenging topic to investigate. As part of the Interreg Mobi-Mix project, we have taken a close look at mobility hubs. Based on bibliographic research and discussions with experts and cities, we established a state of the art that will help to better understand the concept. Without focusing on economic aspects, cities will benefit from different European experiences and a number of recommendations for a better implementation of mobility hubs.
Semantic Segmentation of Surgical Hyperspectral Images Under Geometric Domain Shifts
Authors: Sellner Jan , Seidlitz Silvia , Studier-Fischer Alexander , Motta Alessandro , Özdemir Berkin , Müller-Stich Beat Peter , Nickel Felix , Maier-Hein Lena
Published: September 2023

Robust semantic segmentation of intraoperative image data could pave the way for automatic surgical scene understanding and autonomous robotic surgery. Geometric domain shifts, however – although common in real-world open surgeries due to variations in surgical procedures or situs occlusions – remain a topic largely unaddressed in the field. To address this gap in the literature, we (1) present the first analysis of state-of-the-art (SOA) semantic segmentation networks in the presence of geometric out-of-distribution (OOD) data, and (2) address generalizability with a dedicated augmentation technique termed ’Organ Transplantation’ that we adapted from the general computer vision community. According to a comprehensive validation on six different OOD data sets comprising 600 RGB and yperspectral imaging (HSI) cubes from 33 pigs semantically annotated with 19 classes, we demonstrate a large performance drop of SOA organ segmentation networks applied to geometric OOD data. Surprisingly, this holds true not only for conventional RGB data (drop of Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) by 46 %) but also for HSI data (drop by 45 %), despite the latter’s rich information content per pixel. Using our augmentation scheme improves on the SOA DSC by up to 67% (RGB) and 90% (HSI)) and renders performance on par with in-distribution performance on real OOD test data. The simplicity and effectiveness of our augmentation scheme makes it a valuable network-independent tool for addressing geometric domain shifts in semantic scene segmentation of intraoperative data. Our code and pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/IMSY-DKFZ/htc.
Combining Models to Orchestrate an Instructional Scenario Fostering Computational Thinking in Educational Robotics
Authors: Dubois Frankie , Burton Stephanie , Wang Patrick , Chevalier Morgane
Published: September 2023

Computational thinking (CT) is often defined as multifaceted which, on the one hand, allows researchers to embrace its complexity but, on the other hand, blurs the possibilities of its teaching. Although many models shed light on the multiple dimensions of CT, few studies investigate the benefits of combining such models when a teacher orchestrates in-class activities aiming at developing students’ CT. This position paper aims to fill this gap by describing and analysing how a teacher can base the orchestration of a pedagogical scenario on three different models: Komis et al.’s model to design ER activities in co-creative problem solving, Sentance et al.’s PRIMM model to scaffold the students’ tasks, and Chevalier et al.’s CCPS model to unscaffold the learning activities.
Mutation Breeding in Arabica Coffee
Authors: Ingelbrecht Ivan L. W. , Espinoza Noel Arrieta , Nielen Stephan , Jankowicz-Cieslak Joanna
Published: September 2023

Coffee is a perennial (sub)tropical crop and one of the most valuable commodities globally. Coffee is grown by an estimated 25 million farmers, mostly smallholders, and provides livelihoods to about 125 million people. The Coffea genus comprises over 120 species. Two species account for nearly the entire world coffee production: C. arabica L. (Arabica coffee) and C. canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner (Canephora coffee) with the former supplying about 65% of the world’s consumption. Arabica coffee is a self-pollinated, amphidiploid species (2n = 4x = 44) whereas other Coffea species are diploid (2n = 2x = 22) and generally cross-pollinated. Induced mutagenesis using physical and chemical mutagens has been a successful strategy in producing over 3,300 mutant varieties in over 220 crop species with global impact. Spontaneous Arabica coffee mutants of significant economic importance have been found since the early 1900s, following the spread of Arabica coffee cultivation across the globe. However, Arabica coffee has so far not been improved through induced mutagenesis and studies on coffee mutagenesis are scarce. In this chapter, principles and practices of mutation-assisted breeding along with current breeding limitations of Arabica coffee are briefly reviewed, as an introduction to subsequent protocol chapters on mutation induction, advanced cell and tissue culture, Leaf Rust resistance screening and the application of novel molecular/genomics tools supporting mutation-assisted improvement and genetics research of Arabica coffee.
Datengrundlage
Authors: Möller Ellen Franziska
Published: September 2023

In diesem Kapitel wird zunächst die Datengrundlage vorgestellt, auf der beide Teile der Auswertung beruhen. Wie bereits aus Kapitel 8 ersichtlich, werden in der vorliegenden Studie nicht nur Phasen mit und ohne Kürzesttext unterschieden, sondern weitere Zugänge ausdifferenziert. Diese Zugänge werden vorab klassifiziert (vgl. Kap. 9.1) und ihr Anteil an der gesamten Datengrundlage offengelegt (vgl. Kap. 9.2).
The Unsolved Mystery of the Gender Imbalance in IT
Authors: Corneliussen Hilde G.
Published: September 2023

Women are underrepresented in information technology (IT) education and work across the western world. This chapter contextualizes the topic of the book by revisiting research literature about girls’ and women’s participation in IT. Among the widely recognized barriers are gender stereotypes and gender structures in IT education and work. The chapter further reviews studies into motivational factors as well as research investigating women entering IT through non-traditional training grounds. Finally, the question of why the situation has not improved faster in the Nordic countries is discussed in light of the metaphor of a Nordic gender equality paradox. This reflects a gap between theory and practice and a myth of gender equality already in place that reduces efforts to address gender inequality in technology.
Girl Power: Reconstructing the Gendered Space of IT
Authors: Corneliussen Hilde G.
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores how women navigate and challenge gendered stereotypes defining IT as a masculine space. Most of the women had approached IT with limited insights. This made gender stereotypes, including a male-dominated storyline of gamers, geeks, and hackers, central to their early perceptions of the field. However, once they learnt more about IT, they started defining their own strengths and belonging in the field. The women’s experiences are analysed in light of Puwar’s metaphor of “space invaders”, highlighting how women appear as “bodies out of place” in a masculine space of IT. The space invader identity is also productive, and the women reconfigure the notion of IT as a wider and more open space where also women can be considered insiders.
Heat Equations and Wavelets on Mumford Curves and Their Finite Quotients
Authors: Bradley Patrick Erik
Published: October 2023

A class of heat operators over non-archimedean local fields acting on $$L_2$$

L
2

-function spaces on holed discs in the local field are developed and seen as being operators previously introduced by Zúñiga-Galindo, and if the underlying trees are regular, they are associated here with certain finite Kronecker product graphs. $$L_2$$

L
2

-spaces and integral operators invariant under the action of a finite group acting on a holed disc are studied, and then applied to Mumford curves. It is found that the spectral gap in families of Mumford curves can become arbitrarily small.
Less pain reported 5 years after cementless compared to cemented unicompartmental knee replacement: an analysis of pain, neuropathy, and co‐morbidity scores
Authors: Rahman Azmi , Martin Benjamin , Jenkins Cathy , Mohammad Hasan , Barker Karen , Dodd Christopher , Jackson William , Price Andrew , Mellon Stephen , Murray David W
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To compare patient‐reported pain scores and assess the influence of neuropathy and co‐morbidity, on knee pain following cemented and cementless medial unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) 5 years after surgery.

Method

In this longitudinal study, 262 cemented and 262 cementless Oxford UKR performed for the same indications and with the same techniques were recruited. Patients were reviewed at five years, evaluating patient‐reported pain and association with clinical outcomes. Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP), PainDETECT (PD), Charnley score, Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and American Knee Society Score (AKSS) were compared.

Results

In both cohorts, intermittent pain was more common than constant pain (47% vs 21%). Cementless knees reported significantly less pain than cemented (ICOAP‐Total 5/100 vs 11/100, p < 0.0001). A greater proportion of cementless knees experienced no pain at all (ICOAP = 0/100, 61% vs 43%, p < 0.0001) and 75% fewer experienced severe or extreme pain. Pain sub‐scores in PD, OKS and AKSS follow this trend. Pain was unlikely to be neuropathic (PD positive: 5.26%), but patients reporting high levels of ‘strongest’ pain were three times more likely to be neuropathic. Patients with co‐morbidities (Charnley C) experienced greater pain than those without (Charnley A+B) across all knee‐specific scores, despite scores being knee specific.

Conclusion

Both cemented and cementless UKR in this study had substantially less pain than that reported in literature following TKR. Cementless UKR had significantly less pain than cemented UKR in all scores. Two‐thirds of patients with a cementless UKR had no pain at all at 5 years, and pain experienced was most likely to be mild and intermittent with no patients in severe or extreme pain. Patients with cementless UKR that had higher levels of pain were more likely to have co‐morbidity or evidence or neuropathic pain. It is unclear why cementless UKR have less pain than cemented; further study is necessary.
The 'Holy Grail' of shoulder dislocations: a systematic review on traumatic bilateral luxatio erecta; is it in reality a once-in-a-lifetime experience for an orthopaedic surgeon?
Authors: Ntourantonis Dimitrios , Mousafeiris Vasileios , Pantazis Konstantinos , Iliopoulos Ilias , Kaspiris Angelos , Korovessis Panagiotis , Lianou Ioanna
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Even though shoulder dislocation is thought to be the most common dislocation treated in the Emergency Department, inferior ones, known as Luxatio Erecta, comprise only 0.5% of them. Taking into consideration the rareness of unilateral Luxatio Erecta, bilateral cases should be even fewer.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the reported number of cases of Traumatic Bilateral Luxatio Erecta in the literature over the last 100 years and to summarize the mechanism of injury, the initial management, and the complications of these patients.

Materials and methods

We performed a systematic review of the literature regarding Traumatic Bilateral Luxatio Erecta. All articles published until 31st of December 2022 in PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using the terms “luxatio erecta”, ‘inferior dislocation”, and “bilateral”.

Results

Eighty-two articles were retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar search. Forty-four of them were initially included in our review. Six additional articles meeting the inclusion criteria were found from cross-references.

Conclusion

The presence of this injury is extremely rare with only 51 cases in the literature. The incidence of concomitant injuries and complications seems to be extremely high and neurological deficits were detected on 42.8% of patients with Bilateral Luxatio Erecta. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of the literature regarding Traumatic Bilateral Luxatio Erecta that includes articles not only in English, a fact that provides more reliability on the estimation of the real number of cases of this rare injury compared to any other review on this subject to date.
Association of the superior semicircular canal and tegmen tympani dehiscences and its relationship with the pneumatisation of the temporal bone
Authors: Whyte-Orozco J. , Cisneros-Gimeno A. I. , García-Barrios A. , Lozano-Langarita M. E. , Whyte-Orozco A. , Rubio-Aranda E.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To analyse the degree of pneumatisation of the temporal bone when there is an association between dehiscence of the superior semicircular canal and dehiscence of the tegmen tympani.

Materials and methods

We analysed a retrospective CT study of 124 selected cases. A single inclusion criterion was applied: the presence of a dehiscence of the tegmen tympani. On the other hand, the degree of temporal pneumatisation was assessed by axial and coronal planes, and has been divided into the following grades O, I, II and III, according to the status and relationship of the mastoid, the bony labyrinth, the petrous segment of the carotid canal and sigmoid sinus.

Results

Of the 124 cases studied, 35 (28.2%) presented both dehiscences. In 26 of the 35 (47.3%), grade II pneumatisation, 4 (14,8%), grade I, and 5 (11,9%) grade III was observed, with a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.001). On the other hand, we did not find a significant relationship when relating both dehiscences in any age or sex group. However, when relating the degree of pneumatisation to sex, among those with grade III pneumatisation, the proportion of men (52.4%) was significantly higher than that of women (47.6%) (p = 0.017).

Conclusion

We have detected a statistically significant relationship between the coexistence of grade II pneumatisation and the presence of both dehiscences in the temporal bone.
Comparison of in vitro growth characteristics of Cryptosporidium hominis (IdA15G1) and Cryptosporidium parvum (Iowa-IIaA17G2R1 and IIaA18G3R1)
Authors: Gunasekera Samantha , Clode Peta L. , King Brendon , Monis Paul , Thierry Benjamin , Carr Jillian M. , Chopra Abha , Watson Mark , O’Dea Mark , Hijjawi Nawal , Ryan Una
Published: September 2023

Cryptosporidium is a major cause of diarrhoeal disease and mortality in young children in resource-poor countries, for which no vaccines or adequate therapeutic options are available. Infection in humans is primarily caused by two species: C. hominis and C. parvum. Despite C. hominis being the dominant species infecting humans in most countries, very little is known about its growth characteristics and life cycle in vitro, given that the majority of our knowledge of the in vitro development of Cryptosporidium has been based on C. parvum. In the present study, the growth and development of two C. parvum isolates (subtypes Iowa-IIaA17G2R1 and IIaA18G3R1) and one C. hominis isolate (subtype IdA15G1) in HCT-8 cells were examined and compared at 24 h and 48 h using morphological data acquired with scanning electron microscopy. Our data indicated no significant differences in the proportion of meronts or merozoites between species or subtypes at either time-point. Sexual development was observed at the 48-h time-point across both species through observations of both microgamonts and macrogamonts, with a higher frequency of macrogamont observations in C. hominis (IdA15G1) cultures at 48-h post-infection compared to both C. parvum subtypes. This corresponded to differences in the proportion of trophozoites observed at the same time point. No differences in proportion of microgamonts were observed between the three subtypes, which were rarely observed across all cultures. In summary, our data indicate that asexual development of C. hominis is similar to that of C. parvum, while sexual development is accelerated in C. hominis. This study provides new insights into differences in the in vitro growth characteristics of C. hominis when compared to C. parvum, which will facilitate our understanding of the sexual development of both species.
Corrosion behavior of electrodeposited nickel-based coatings with W, Mo, and TiOx
Authors: Arnaudova Marina , Lefterova Elefteria , Rashkov Rashko
Published: September 2023

The corrosion behavior of electrodeposited nickel-based coatings with W, Mo, and TiOx as potential catalytic material for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in highly aggressive media, 0.5 M H2SO4 and 6 M KOH, is presented. A wide range of electrochemical and spectroscopic methods have been used, such as linear sweep voltammetry, open-circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to characterize the coatings before and after a residence time of 336 h in the model corrosion environment. The NiW alloy and the NiWTiOx composite coating demonstrate the best corrosion resistance in an acidic environment due to the stable tungstate phase formation (H0.33O3W and H2O4W) on the surface. In alkaline environments, all the systems studied show enviable resistance, but the alloys containing molybdenum stand out.
Accelerated multi-hillshade hierarchic clustering for automatic lineament extraction
Authors: Kaas Ondřej , Šilhavý Jakub , Kolingerová Ivana , Čada Václav
Published: September 2023

The lineaments are linear features reflecting mountain ridges or discontinuities in the geological structure. Lineament extraction is not an easy problem. Recently, an automatic approach based on multi-hillshade hierarchic clustering (MHHC) has been developed; the approach is based on line extraction from a raster image. An essential part of this approach is spatial line segment clustering, a powerful but relatively slow tool. This paper presents a modification of MHHC, which solves the spatial line segment clustering as a facility location problem. The proposed modification is faster than MHHC while not changing the method’s core.
Intentions for catch-up HPV vaccination in Japan: an internet survey
Authors: Nakagawa Satoshi , Yagi Asami , Ueda Yutaka , Ikeda Sayaka , Kakuda Mamoru , Hiramatsu Kosuke , Miyoshi Ai , Kimura Toshihiro , Hirai Kei , Sekine Masayuki , Nakayama Tomio , Kobayashi Eiji , Miyagi Etsuko , Enomoto Takayuki , Kimura Tadashi
Published: September 2023

Purpose

In Japan, Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare decided to suspend govermental recommendation for HPV vaccination in FY 2013. The HPV vaccination rate for those born in FY 2000 or thereafter declined dramatically. In 2021, the “suspension of recommendation” ended. The catch-up vaccinations for the unvaccinated have been offered nationwide from FY 2022 to FY 2024. We aimed to quantify the vaccination intentions and characteristics of those young women now eligible for catch-up vaccination. 

Methods

In February of 2022, we conducted an internet survey targeted women who were born in 1997–2004 but who had not yet been HPV vaccinated.

Results

We received 1,648 valid responses. 41.6% of the respondents wanted to uptake the catch-up HPV vaccination, 29.7% were undecided, and 28.7% did not want to be vaccinated. The intention to uptake catch-up HPV vaccination was associated with a good history of gynecological visits, intention to receive cervical cancer screening, sexual activity, degree of anxiety about cervical cancer, familiarity with problems associated with cervical cancer, experience with vaccination recommendations, and knowledge about cervical cancer (p < 0.05, respectively). In the vaccinated generation, the proportion of the group that did not want to be vaccinated was significantly higher (p < 0.05). In the vaccine-suspended generation, the proportion of the group that wanted to be vaccinated was significantly higher (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our survey revealed that catch-up vaccination intentions differed depending on the vaccination environment. It is necessary for all organizations involved with HPV vaccination, such as government, medical institutions, and educational institutions, to make recommendations based on an understanding of the characteristics of the “vaccinated generation” and the “vaccine-suspended generation”.
Sedimentary phosphorus burial in three contrasting boreal lakes in Finland
Authors: Laakso Johanna , Jilbert Tom , Saarinen Timo
Published: September 2023

Permanent phosphorus (P) burial in sediment regulates lake trophic state over long timescales, but the controls on P burial are only partially understood. A diversity of biogeochemical settings may be found in lake sediments, which may have a strong impact on the processes controlling P burial from one location to another. Here, we investigate early diagenesis of P in three contrasting lakes in Southwest Finland. Eutrophic Lake Köyliönjärvi and mesotrophic Lake Pyhäjärvi have a history of nutrient loadings from agriculture, while Lake Vähäjärvi is an oligotrophic small forest lake, leading to potentially contrasting sediment biogeochemical dynamics. We combined porewater data and solid-phase sediment geochemical data to identify P phases in each system and investigate the dominant processes controlling P burial. Porewater profiles showed opposite gradients between the oligotrophic and the mesotrophic/eutrophic systems, implying net diffusive fluxes into and out of the sediments, respectively. Furthermore, sediment P data showed contrasting P speciation. Reactive P is buried in all systems, but the role of reducible iron (Fe) oxides in P retention is greater in mesotrophic/eutrophic lakes. In the oligotrophic system, aluminium (Al) oxides controlled P sorption into the sediment after diffusion from lake water. Evidence for vivianite formation was found only in the mesotrophic Lake Pyhäjärvi sediment, where 42–47% of total P was released in a Fe(II)-P specific extraction from the deeper part of the sediment column and vivianite crystals could be isolated from sediment samples.
An ALNS-based matheuristic algorithm for a multi-product many-to-many maritime inventory routing problem
Authors: Heidari Nooshin , Hemmati Ahmad
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we propose an adaptive large neighborhood search-based matheuristic algorithm to solve a multi-product many-to-many maritime inventory routing problem. The problem addresses a short sea inventory routing problem that aims to find the best route and distribution plan for multiple products with a heterogeneous fleet of vessels through a network including several producers and customers. Each port can be visited a given number of times during the planning horizon, and the stock level for each product should lie within the predefined bound limits. The problem was introduced by Hemmati et al. (Eur J Oper Res 252:775–788, 2016). They developed a mixed integer programming formulation and proposed a matheuristic algorithm to solve the problem. Although their proposed algorithm worked well in terms of running time, it suffers from disregarding a part of the solution space. In this study, we propose a new matheuristic algorithm to find better solutions by exploring the entire solution space for the same problem. In our solution methodology, we split the variables into routing and non-routing variables. Then in an iterative process, we determine the values of the routing variables with an adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm, and we pass them as input to a penalized model which is a relaxed and modified version of the mathematical model introduced in Hemmati et al. (2016). The information from solving the penalized model, including the values of the non-routing variables, is then passed to the adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm for the next iteration. Several problem-dependent operators are defined. The operators use the information they get from the penalized model and focus on decreasing the penalty values. Computational results show up to 26% improvement in the quality of the solutions for the group of instances with a large feasible solution space. We get the optimal value for the remaining instances matched with the reported results.
Minimizing the expected maximum lateness for a job shop subject to stochastic machine breakdowns
Authors: Zambrano-Rey Gabriel Mauricio , González-Neira Eliana María , Forero-Ortiz Gabriel Fernando , Ocampo-Monsalve María José , Rivera-Torres Andrea
Published: October 2023

This paper addresses a stochastic job shop scheduling problem with sequence-dependent setup times, aiming to minimize the expected maximum lateness. The stochastic nature is modeled by considering uncertain times between failures (TBF) and uncertain times to repair (TTR). To tackle this problem, a simheuristic approach is proposed, which combines a tabu search (TS) algorithm with Monte Carlo simulation. A total of 320 instances were used to conduct multiple experiments. Instances were generated with two distributions to study the behavior of stochastic TTR and TBF under log-normal and exponential distributions. Firstly, the performance of the simheuristic was evaluated for small instances by comparing it with the simulation of optimal solutions obtained with a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. The simheuristic approach demonstrated an average improvement of around 7% compared to the simulation of MILP model solutions. Secondly, the simheuristic performance was evaluated for medium and large-size instances by comparing it with the simulation of the solutions obtained by the earliest due date (EDD) and process time plus work in the next queue plus negative slack (PT + WINQ + SL) dispatching rules. The results showed an average improvement of around 11% compared to EDD and 14% compared to PT + WINQ + SL. Furthermore, the results highlight that even when the two distributions have the same expected value and coefficient of variation, they can yield different expected maximum lateness values. This emphasizes the importance of precise distribution fitting when solving real cases to achieve effective scheduling performance.
Femmephobia Is a Uniquely Powerful Predictor of Anti-Gay Behavior
Authors: Hoskin Rhea Ashley , Blair Karen L. , Holmberg Diane
Published: October 2023

The current study explored a form of femmephobia (specifically, negative attitudes toward femininity in men) as a predictor of anti-gay behaviors among a sample of heterosexual men (N = 417). Additional predictor variables included hierarchical worldviews (i.e., social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, narcissism) and prejudicial attitudes (i.e., old-fashioned and modern homonegativity). Femmephobia emerged as a robust predictor, accounting for 23% of the variance in anti-gay behavior, surpassing the explanatory power (15%) of all other considered variables combined. Moreover, social dominance only predicted anti-gay behavior when femmephobia levels were high. Future research on discrimination and violence related to sexual identity and gender expression should incorporate femmephobia as a key predictive factor.
Practical Advice on Scientific Design of Freeze-Drying Process: 2023 Update
Authors: Tchessalov Serguei , Maglio Vito , Kazarin Petr , Alexeenko Alina , Bhatnagar Bakul , Sahni Ekneet , Shalaev Evgenyi
Published: October 2023

Objective

The purpose of this paper is to re-visit the design of three steps in the freeze-drying process, namely freezing, primary drying, and secondary drying steps. Specifically, up-to-date recommendations for selecting freeze-drying conditions are provided based on the physical–chemical properties of formulations and engineering considerations.

Methods and Results

This paper discusses the fundamental factors to consider when selecting freezing, primary drying, and secondary drying conditions, and offers mathematical models for predicting the duration of each segment and product temperature during primary drying. Three simple heat/mass transfer primary drying (PD) models were tested, and their ability to predict product temperature and sublimation time showed good agreement. The PD models were validated based on the experimental data and utilized to tabulate the primary drying conditions for common pharmaceutical formulations, including amorphous and partially crystalline products. Examples of calculated drying cycles, including all steps, for typical amorphous and crystalline formulations are provided.

Conclusions

The authors revisited advice from a seminal paper by Tang and Pikal (Pharm Res. 21(2):191-200, 2004) on selecting freeze-drying process conditions and found that the majority of recommendations are still applicable today. There have been a number of advancements, including methods to promote ice nucleation and computer modeling for all steps of freeze-drying process. The authors created a database for primary drying and provided examples of complete freeze-drying cycles design. The paper may supplement the knowledge of scientists and formulators and serve as a user-friendly tool for quickly estimating the design space.
Anti-oomycete activities from essential oils and their major compounds on Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Deweer Caroline , Sahmer Karin , Muchembled Jérôme
Published: October 2023

Botanicals are various plant-based products like plant extracts or essential oils. Anti-fungal activities of selected essential oils were tested on the pathogen causing potato and tomato late blight (Phytophthora infestans). Tests to evaluate anti-oomycete activities of commercial essential oils and their major compounds were carried out in vitro in microplate in liquid media. Anti-oomycete activities on Phytophthora infestans strain were obtained from essential oils/major compounds: Eucalyptus citriodora/citronellal; Syzygium aromaticum (clove)/eugenol; Mentha spicata/D-Carvone, L-Carvone; Origanum compactum/carvacrol; Satureja montana (savory)/carvacrol; Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree)/terpinen-4-ol, and Thymus vulgaris/thymol. As an active substance of mineral origin, copper sulfate was chosen as a control. All selected essential oils showed an anti-oomycete activity calculated with IC50 indicator. The essential oils of clove, savory, and thyme showed the best anti-oomycete activities similar to copper sulfate, while oregano, eucalyptus, mint, and tea tree essential oils exhibited significantly weaker activities than copper sulfate. Clove essential oil showed the best activity (IC50 = 28 mg/L), while tea tree essential oil showed the worst activity (IC50 = 476 mg/L). For major compounds, three results were obtained: they were statistically more active than their essential oils (carvacrol for oregano, D- and L-Carvone for mint) or as active as their essential oils sources (thymol for thyme, carvacrol for savory, terpinen-4-ol for tea tree) or less active than their original essential oils (eugenol for clove, citronellal for eucalyptus). Microscopical observations carried out with the seven essential oils showed that they were all responsible for a modification of the morphology of the mycelium. The results demonstrated that various essential oils show different anti-oomycete activities, sometimes related to a major compound and sometimes unrelated, indicating that other compounds must play a role in total anti-oomycete activity.
Cognitive Complaints and Their Impact on Daily Life in Patients with Degenerative Cerebellar Disorders
Authors: Reumers Stacha F.I. , Schutter Dennis J.L.G. , Maas Roderick P.P.W.M. , de Leeuw Frank-Erik , Kessels Roy P.C. , van de Warrenburg Bart P.C.
Published: October 2023

Cognitive and affective sequelae of cerebellar disease are receiving increased attention, but their actual rate of occurrence remains unclear. Complaints may have a significant impact on patients, affecting social behavior and psychological well-being. This study aims to explore the extent of subjective cognitive and affective symptoms in patients with degenerative ataxias in the Netherlands. An explorative study was set up in a heterogeneous group of degenerative ataxia patients. Self-reported cognition was evaluated in terms of executive functioning and affect (Dysexecutive Questionnaire/DEX), and memory/attention (Cognitive Failures Questionnaire/CFQ). The Daily Living Questionnaire (DLQ) was administered to quantify the impact on daily life. Furthermore, informants completed questionnaires to obtain insight into patients’ self-awareness and social cognition (Observable Social Cognition Rating Scale/OSCARS). This study shows that subjective complaints in the domains of (1) executive functioning and/or (2) memory and attention were reported by 29% of all patients (n = 24/84). In addition, more difficulties in daily life in terms of language/comprehension and community/participation were reported, and this was more common for patients with cognitive complaints than those without. Discrepancies between patients and informants about executive functioning were present in both directions. Deficits in social cognition were not identified at the group level, but more social-cognitive problems were observed in patients with more executive problems rated by informants. Taken together, our findings indicate that cognitive complaints are common in patients with degenerative cerebellar disorders and have an impact on daily life functioning. These results may help to increase awareness of cognitive symptoms and their impact in patients with cerebellar ataxia, their significant others, and professional caregivers.
Photodegradation of free base and zinc porphyrins in the presence and absence of oxygen
Authors: Golec Barbara , Buczyńska Joanna , Nawara Krzysztof , Gorski Aleksander , Waluk Jacek
Published: October 2023

Comparison of photostability in degassed and aerated toluene solutions is reported for 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin, 5,10,15-tri(p-tolyl)porphyrin, and their zinc analogues. After degassing, quantum yields of photodegradation are higher, but the photodecomposition rates decrease. Lower stability in deoxygenated solutions is due to much longer triplet lifetimes: 200–300 microseconds, compared to 200–360 ns in non-degassed toluene. For the zinc porphyrins, the LC–MS results show that the initial photoproduct contains two oxygen atoms. Based on electronic absorption and calculations, it is assigned to dehydrated zinc biladienone structure, relatively stable in toluene, but readily demetallated in dichloromethane. A similar species is formed also in the case of free bases, but it then undergoes hydration due to traces of water present in the solvent. Zinc derivatives were found to form biladienones even in degassed solutions. To explain this observation, we postulate formation of a complex with remaining oxygen or oxygen-containing species which is not removed by freeze–thaw procedure. This hypothesis is confirmed by MS results and by the analysis of photodegradation products obtained when zinc porphyrin is complexed with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Under these circumstances, changes in absorption are the same as in the absence of DMSO when non-degassed toluene is used, but irradiation of deoxygenated solutions leads to a different photoproduct. For both degassed and non-degassed solvents, complexation with DMSO results in the enhancement of photostability.

Graphical abstract
An accurate method for identifying hub dynamic loads by condition number of measured FRF matrix on helicopter fuselage
Authors: Shang L. , Wang E. , Xia P.
Published: October 2023

It is a simple method to identify the hub dynamic loads of rotor by measuring the vibration responses on helicopter fuselage. However, the identification accuracy of the hub dynamic loads is related to the layout or placement of measuring points on the fuselage. The identification will be inaccurate if the layout of measuring points on the fuselage is unreasonable to result in the “ill-conditioned” frequency response function (FRF) matrix measured on the fuselage. In order to avoid the inaccurate identification due to the “ill-conditioned” measured FRF matrix, an accurate method for identifying the hub dynamic loads of rotor by vibration measurement on helicopter fuselage is proposed in this paper. In the proposed method, the reasonable layout of the measuring points on the fuselage for the “well-conditioned” measured FRF matrix can be obtained according to the condition number of the measured FRF matrix on the fuselage, and then the hub dynamic loads of rotor can be accurately identified. The simulation and experiment of the identification of the hub dynamic loads on a dynamically similar frame structure of a helicopter cockpit floor have verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.
Circus Arts in Content Service Systems
Authors: Móring Tibor , Kiszl Péter
Published: October 2023

The aim of this paper is to identify scientific content and compilations related to circus arts available in subscription databases and in renowned and free academic information systems. After providing terminological definitions for circus and circus arts, the article describes the search strategies applied and the issues which emerged during the searches, and then introduces quantitative results, thereby also identifying the major periodicals and the most often referenced articles of the topic. The analysis provides useful input for representatives of other arts related to circus arts (e.g., performing arts, theatre arts, visual arts, musical arts) and of other academic fields (e.g., literary studies, history, media science); but first of all, it serves as an unparalleled library information service guide for navigating between electronic information sources.
The Relationship Between Constitutional Equality and Substantive Review
Authors: Chng Kenny
Published: October 2023

General equality rights in written constitutions – rights stating the ideal of equality without specifying categories of impermissible differentiation – have often been effected through the idea of equality as rationality. Equality as rationality demands that differentiations between like entities have to be rationally justifiable. Such equality rights are applicable to legislation and executive action. This presents a prima facie overlap with substantive review in common law administrative law, since substantive review is also concerned about the rational justifiability of executive action. This raises three questions: (1) Are both sets of legal principles indeed similar? (2) Have courts managed to distinguish them in practice? (3) If not, then given that both sets of legal principles exist at different levels in the legal order, how can their similarity be rationalised? This article will study these questions, drawing upon Hong Kong and Singapore law as test cases.
Mental health research in South America: Psychiatrists and psychiatry trainees’ perceived resources and barriers
Authors: Ramalho Rodrigo , Chappe Vanessa , Alvarez Lisette , Argomedo-Ramos Gianfranco C.A. , Rivera Arroyo Guillermo , Bonay Graciela L. , Libuy Mena Javiera C. , Cuellar Hoppe Miguel A. , Cevallos-Robalino Domenica N. , Gonzalez-Diaz Jairo M.
Published: October 2023

As mental health issues continue to rise in Latin America, the need for research in this field becomes increasingly pressing. This study aimed to explore the perceived barriers and resources for research and publications among psychiatrists and psychiatry trainees from nine Spanish-speaking countries in South America. Data was collected through an anonymous online survey and analyzed using descriptive methods and the SPSS Statistical package. In total, 214 responses were analyzed. Among the participating psychiatrists, 61.8% reported having led a research project and 74.7% of them reported having led an academic publication. As for the psychiatry trainees, 26% reported having conducted research and 41.5% reported having published or attempted to publish an academic paper. When available, having access to research training, protected research time and mentorship opportunities were significant resources for research. Further support is needed in terms of funding, training, protected research time and mentorship opportunities. However, despite their efforts to participate in the global mental health discussion, Latin American psychiatrists and psychiatry trainees remain largely underrepresented in the literature.
Association of dietary intake with micronutrient deficiency in Indian school children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Awasthi Shally , Kumar Divas , Dixit Swati , Mahdi Abbas Ali , Gupta Barkha , Agarwal Girdhar G. , Pandey Anuj Kumar , Awasthi Avivar , A. R. Somashekar , Bhat Mushtaq A. , Kar Sonali , Mahanta B. N. , Mathew Joseph L. , Nair Suma , Singh C. M. , Singh Kuldeep , Thekkumkara Surendran Anish
Published: October 2023

Adequate nutrition is necessary during childhood and early adolescence for adequate growth and development. Hence, the objective of the study was to assess the association between dietary intake and blood levels of minerals (calcium, iron, zinc, and selenium) and vitamins (folate, vitamin B12, vitamin A, and vitamin D) in urban school going children aged 6–16 years in India, in a multicentric cross-sectional study. Participants were enrolled from randomly selected schools in ten cities. Three-day food intake data was collected using a 24-h dietary recall method. The intake was dichotomised into adequate and inadequate. Blood samples were collected to assess levels of micronutrients. From April 2019 to February 2020, 2428 participants (50⋅2 % females) were recruited from 60 schools. Inadequate intake for calcium was in 93⋅4 % (246⋅5 ± 149⋅4 mg), iron 86⋅5 % (7⋅6 ± 3⋅0 mg), zinc 84⋅0 % (3⋅9 ± 2⋅4 mg), selenium 30⋅2 % (11⋅3 ± 9⋅7 mcg), folate 73⋅8 % (93⋅6 ± 55⋅4 mcg), vitamin B12 94⋅4 % (0⋅2 ± 0⋅4 mcg), vitamin A 96⋅0 % (101⋅7 ± 94⋅1 mcg), and vitamin D 100⋅0 % (0⋅4 ± 0⋅6 mcg). Controlling for sex and socioeconomic status, the odds of biochemical deficiency with inadequate intake for iron [AOR = 1⋅37 (95 % CI 1⋅07–1⋅76)], zinc [AOR = 5⋅14 (95 % CI 2⋅24–11⋅78)], selenium [AOR = 3⋅63 (95 % CI 2⋅70–4⋅89)], folate [AOR = 1⋅59 (95 % CI 1⋅25–2⋅03)], and vitamin B12 [AOR = 1⋅62 (95 %CI 1⋅07–2⋅45)]. Since there is a significant association between the inadequate intake and biochemical deficiencies of iron, zinc, selenium, folate, and vitamin B12, regular surveillance for adequacy of micronutrient intake must be undertaken to identify children at risk of deficiency, for timely intervention.
War, Revolution, and Failed Democratization in Bolivia and Ecuador
Authors: Carrión Julio F.
Published: October 2023

This essay reviews the following works:

The FBI in Latin America: The Ecuador Files. By Marc Becker. Durham, NC: Duke University Press Books, 2017. Pp. vii + 322. $27.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822369080.

The CIA in Ecuador. By Marc Becker. Durham, NC: Duke University Press Books, 2021. Pp. xi + 317. $27.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781478011385.

Movilidad y poder en el sur del Ecuador, 1950–1990. By María Mercedes Eguiguren. Quito: Editorial FLACSO Ecuador, 2019. Pp. viii + 274. Open access e-book. ISBN: 9789978675199.

Peasant Wars in Bolivia: Making, Thinking, and Living the Revolution in Cochabamba (1952–64). By José M. Gordillo. Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 2022. Pp. xiv + 337. $34.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781773854014.

A Concise History of Bolivia. 3rd ed. By Herbert F. Klein. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2021. Pp. xix + 380. $34.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781108948890.

Indigenous Struggle and the Bolivian National Revolution: Land and Liberty. By James Kohl. New York: Routledge, 2021. Pp. xii + 413. $64.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780367471392.

Historical Dictionary of Ecuador. By George M. Lauderbaugh. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2019. Pp. xlviii + 322. $96.84 hardcover. ISBN: 9781538102459.

¡Vamos a avanzar! The Chaco War and Bolivia’s Political Transformation, 1899–1952. By Robert Niebuhr. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2021. Pp. xii + 260. $60.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781496207784.

Los inconformistas del Centenario: Intelectuales, socialismo y nación en una Bolivia en crisis (1925–1939). By Pablo Stefanoni. La Paz: Plural Editores, 2015. Pp. 383. ISBN: 9789995416430.

The Bolivia Reader: History, Culture, Politics. Edited by Sinclair Thomson, Rossana Barragán, Xavier Albó, Seemin Qayum, and Mark Goodale. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018. Pp. xx + 719. $35.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822371526.
The Problem with Biblical Authority
Authors: Porterfield Amanda
Published: October 2023

Mark Noll's new book is a masterpiece. A monumental work of scholarship and erudition, America's Book merits respect for its artistry as well. The writing is lucid and well crafted. Always judicious, circumspect, and fair-minded, America's Book moves the reader right along, one page to the next, through 846 pages not counting front matter, in a story of enormous importance for understanding religion's role in American life.
The trajectory of maternal perinatal depressive symptoms predicts executive function in early childhood
Authors: Power Josephine , Watson Stuart , Chen Wai , Lewis Andrew , van IJzendoorn Marinus , Galbally Megan
Published: October 2023

Background

Perinatal maternal depression may affect fetal neurodevelopment directly or indirectly via exposures such as smoking, alcohol, or antidepressant use. The relative contribution of these risk factors on child executive function (EF) has not been explored systematically.

Methods

A prospective pregnancy cohort of 197 women and their children was studied to determine whether maternal depression diagnosis and the trajectory of maternal depressive symptoms (MDSs) from early pregnancy to 12 months postpartum predicts child EF at age 4 (measured using the preschool age psychiatric assessment, NEPSY-II, and Shape School task) using latent growth curve modeling. Indirect effects of smoking, alcohol, and antidepressant use were also formally tested.

Results

Increasing maternal perinatal depressive symptoms over time predicted more inattentive symptoms, poorer switching, and motor inhibition, but not cognitive inhibition. When adjusted for multiple comparison, and after accounting for maternal cognition and education, the association with child inattentive symptoms remained significant. However, diagnosed depression did not predict child EF outcomes. Prenatal exposure to smoking, alcohol, and antidepressants also did not mediate pathways from depressive symptoms to EF outcomes. Our findings were limited by sample size and statistical power to detect outcome effects of smaller effect size.

Conclusions

This study suggests that increasing MDSs over the perinatal period is associated with poorer EF outcomes in children at age 4 – independent of prenatal smoking, drinking, or antidepressant use. Depressive chronicity, severity, and postpartum influences may play crucial roles in determining childhood outcomes of EF.
A cognitive account of the puzzle of ideography
Authors: Arsiwalla Xerxes D.
Published: October 2023

We posit a cognitive account of the puzzle of ideography, which complements the standardization account of Morin. Efficient standardization of spoken language is phenomenologically attributed to a modality effect coupled with chunking of cognitive representations, further aided by multisensory integration and the serialized nature of attention. These mechanisms explain why languages dominate graphic codes for general-purpose communication.