bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Dysfunction in Small Arteries of Essential Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Virdis Agostino , Bacca Alessandra , Colucci Rocchina , Duranti Emiliano , Fornai Matteo , Materazzi Gabriele , Ippolito Chiara , Bernardini Nunzia , Blandizzi Corrado , Bernini Giampaolo , Taddei Stefano
Published: June 2013

Essential hypertensive patients show a reduced nitric oxide availability secondary to oxidative stress generation in peripheral microcirculation. Cyclooxygenase (COX) contributes to reduce nitric oxide availability. We assessed the possible vascular sources of oxidative stress, including COX-1, COX-2, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, as determinants of endothelial dysfunction in small arteries isolated from essential hypertensive patients or normotensive controls. Small arteries were dissected after subcutaneous fat biopsies and evaluated on a pressurized micromyograph. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was assessed by acetylcholine, repeated under NG-nitro-
l
-arginine methyl ester, SC-560 (COX-1 inhibitor), DuP-697 (COX-2 inhibitor), ascorbic acid, or the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitors apocynin or diphenylene iodonium. Vascular oxidative stress generation (fluorescent dihydroethidium), COX-1 and COX-2 expression (Western blot), and localization (immunohistochemistry) were also assessed. In controls, response to acetylcholine was blunted by NG-nitro-
l
-arginine methyl ester (
P
<0.001) and unmodified by SC-560, DuP-697, or ascorbic acid. In hypertensive patients, relaxation to acetylcholine was blunted, resistant to NG-nitro-
l
-arginine methyl ester or SC-560, and enhanced (
P
<0.01) by DuP-697, apocynin, or diphenylene iodonium (
P
<0.05). Furthermore, in hypertensive patients, response to acetylcholine was normalized by ascorbic acid or apocynin+DuP-697. Intravascular oxidative stress generation was enhanced in hypertensive patients, decreased (
P
<0.01) by DuP-697, partly attenuated by apocynin or diphenylene iodonium, and prevented by ascorbic acid. Enhanced COX-2 expression and localization in the vascular media of hypertensive patients were also detected. In small resistance arteries of essential hypertensive patients, COX-2 is overexpressed and reduces nitric oxide availability. COX-2 represents a major source of oxidative stress generation, whereas nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase plays a minor, but significant, role in promoting superoxide generation.
Descent and Ascent from Ockham to Domingo de Soto: An Answer to Paul Spade
Authors: Ashworth E. Jennifer
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Paul Spade has attacked the theory of the modes of personal supposition as found in Ockham and Buridan, partly on the grounds that the details of the theory are incompatible with the equivalence between propositions and their descended forms which is implied by the appeal to suppositional descent and ascent. I trace the development of the doctrines of ascent and descent from the mid-fourteenth century to the early sixteenth century, and I investigate Domingo de Soto’s elaborate account of how descent and ascent actually worked. I show that although Soto himself shared some of Spade’s doubts, including those about the use of merely confused supposition, he had a way of reducing at least some propositions containing terms with such supposition to equivalent disjunctions and conjunctions of singular propositions. Moreover, he gave explicit instructions on how to avoid the supposed problem of O-propositions.
Logic in Salamanca in the Fifteenth Century The Tractatus Suppositionum Terminorum by Master Franquera
Authors: d’Ors† Angel
Published: June 2013

Abstract

This paper looks into the contents of the Tractatus suppositionum terminorum by Master Franquera, in the context of the teaching of logic in Salamanca (and elsewhere in Spain) in the fifteenth century. Franquera’s work is characterised by its explicit realist bias and its rejection of Ockhamist theses, i.e., by its recognition of the existence of a natura communis or a universale in re, which is evident in all discussions related to suppositio simplex and the theory of significatio. But, apart from this, Franquera’s discussion of the theory of suppositio stands out as a strange mixture of different doctrines: some of them are derived from thirteenth-century (or earlier) analyses, others from fourteenth-century developments; realist goals are reached by means of instruments that, while not being nominalist, are definitely inspired by terminism. While upholding the theses of realist schools, Franquera adopts the definitions and rules of nominalist authors.
Three new species of the genus Issikiopteryx Moriuti, 1973 (Lepidoptera: Lecithoceridae: Lecithocerinae) from China
Authors: LIU SHURONG , WANG SHUXIA
Published: June 2013

The genus Issikiopteryx Moriuti is further studied in China based on the specimens collected from Zhejiang, Guizhou and Tibet. Three new species are described: I. parelongata sp. nov., I. suiyangensis sp. nov. and I. nigeriflava sp. nov. Photo-graphs of adults and genital structures are provided.
Two new species of Phyllocladus (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) from China, with a key to males of the Chinese species
Authors: YOUNG DANIEL K.
Published: June 2013

Phyllocladus bilobatus, sp. nov., is described from three males taken in mountainous regions of western Hubei and north-ern Sichuan provinces in central China. All specimens were collected in mid-June at elevations ranging from 1950–2000 meters. Phyllocladus cinnabarus, sp. nov., is described from a single male collected in Jiangkou County, northeastern Gui-zhou province, south-central China. An illustrated key to males of the four Chinese Phyllocladus is presented.
Regional variation in sentencing: The incarceration of aggravated drink drivers in the New Zealand District Courts
Authors: Goodall Wayne , Durrant Russil
Published: June 2013

Consistency of sentencing outcomes is a key aspect of the achievement of justice. There is uncertainty and disagreement about whether consistency of sentencing outcomes is achieved between locations in New Zealand. This study uses administrative data to examine the degree to which similar offenders convicted of aggravated drink driving receive similar sentences for similar offending in the different circuits of the New Zealand District Courts. Logistic regression is used to control for offence seriousness, criminal history and offender demographics in order to isolate as far as possible the influence of location on sentencing decisions. Results show that while offence seriousness and criminal history combined have the greatest influence on sentencing, location is also influential, with substantial differences between circuits in the use of incarceration.
Pre-recording testimony in New Zealand: Lawyers’ and victim advisors’ experiences in nine cases
Authors: Davies Emma , Hanna Kirsten
Published: June 2013

This paper reports on lawyers’ and victim advisors’ experiences with nine pre-recorded hearings involving young people as witnesses in criminal court cases in Auckland. Focus groups, interviews and a questionnaire were used to elicit perceived advantages and disadvantages, issues in the preparation for hearings, conducting the hearings and showing the pre-recordings at trial. Although the sample is not large enough to generate definitive conclusions, 21 of 24 participants described pre-recorded hearings positively with only two prosecutors and one defence counsel expressing concern about increasing the use of pre-recording in the future. Participants raised a series of practice issues which could readily be addressed. Presuming provision to recall the child if necessary, late or incomplete disclosure from third parties is the only significant challenge to these pre-recorded hearings. The logistical challenge of accessing timely relevant information from child protection records was overcome in Auckland through the development of an inter-agency protocol. Pre-recording children’s and young people’s entire evidence appeared to be a constructive contribution to the criminal justice system.
The Decentring Agenda: Europe as a post-colonial power
Authors: Onar Nora Fisher , Nicolaïdis Kalypso
Published: June 2013

The aim in this contribution is to amplify the call, articulated across a range of disciplines relevant to international politics, for a paradigm shift that decentres the study and practice of Europe’s international relations. Such a perspective is necessary both to make sense of our multipolar order and to reconstitute European agency in a non-European world. The analytical categories proposed in this article for a decentring agenda – provincialization, engagement and reconstruction(s) – can help to navigate the nexus of the empirical and the normative in such a decentring process. Applying the decentring logic to the EU’s own foundational narrative, the authors suggest that, only by acknowledging the inflections of colonialism in the EU project itself, can the Union reinvent its normative power in the 21st century.
The naming of powers
Authors: Keene Edward
Published: June 2013

This article offers an historical examination of the evolution of the practice of representing international actors as ‘powers’, and the classification of them as different kinds of ‘power’. It argues that the practice emerged in parallel with the use of the language of sovereign states, and points to the importance of the body of journalistic literature on the ‘present state of Europe’, to the development of the usage of the term ‘powers’ and associated ideas about ‘interests’ and ‘pretentions’, which it contrasts with the tendency within the body of juristic literature to focus on the ‘rights’ of ‘sovereigns’. It also charts the contrary move in the discourse of powers towards a grading of different classes, whereas the tendency within the discourse of sovereigns was more towards equality, although the article also notes parallel elements of hierarchy within equality. The article concludes by asking how the ‘normative power Europe’ thesis fits with, but in some cases also departs from, these representational practices. For example, the idea is often used to convey the unique, sui generis nature of the EU’s identity as an international actor, whereas the normal tendency within the discourse of powers is towards more generic and class-oriented forms of identity.
Normative power as hegemony
Authors: Diez Thomas
Published: June 2013

This article identifies four key problems in the debate about normative power Europe that may be fruitfully tackled when linking it to the concept of hegemony: the debate about whether EU foreign and external policy is driven by norms or interests; the problem of inconsistent behaviour as a result of competing and contested norms; the question of the role of state and non-state actors in EU foreign and external policy; and the problematic standing of normative power as an academic engagement, in particular in regard to whether the theory is of primarily explanatory, descriptive or normative value. The author suggests that the concept of hegemony may address these problems. First, it combines norms and interests, thus transcending the divide that has resulted in endless debates about the EU’s standing as a normative power. Second, hegemony does not start from a pre-given set of norms with fixed meanings, but rather puts the struggles about these norms at centre stage, thus seeing inconsistencies not as undermining but as part and parcel of normative power. Third, hegemony expands our understanding of the actors involved in the construction and exercise of normative power, thus bringing not only Member States but also social forces in a much broader sense into the picture. Finally, hegemony reorientates the debate about normative power so as to reinstate the critical purpose that the concept was supposed to have from the start.
Assessing the decennial, reassessing the global: Understanding European Union normative power in global politics
Authors: Manners Ian
Published: June 2013

This concluding article assesses the past decade of international scholarship on the European Union (EU) and normative power as represented by the contributions to the special issue. It argues that the normative power approach (NPA) makes it possible to explain, understand and judge the EU in global politics by rethinking the nature of power and actorness in a globalizing, multilateralizing and multipolarizing era. To do this, the article assesses the past decade in terms of normative power engagement, internationalization and comparison. The article then argues that rethinking power and actorness involves reassessing global theory and pouvoir normatif in action. The article concludes by setting out three ways of developing the NPA in its second decade: macro-approach, meso-characterization and micro-analysis. Following the suggestion of Emanuel Adler, Barry Buzan and Tim Dunne, the article sets out how studying the normative foundations of power through the NPA combines the normative rethinking of power and actorness with the structural changes of a globalizing, multilateralizing and multipolarizing era.
The neo-normative turn in theorising the EU’s international presence
Authors: Whitman Richard G
Published: June 2013

Introduced by Ian Manners in an article published in 2002, the idea of ‘normative power Europe’ has been very widely debated by scholars in the fields of European studies and international relations. This article marks the first decade of scholarship on normative power Europe through a critical engagement with the concept, its influence and the wider normative turn within the literature on the European Union’s role beyond its borders. The article reviews the strands of literature that have drawn on the concept of normative power and outlines the contours of the international debate on the concept. It provides an assessment of the impact of normative power and its application through the variety of ways it has been used via engagement, reaction and counter-reaction.
Memory redux
Authors: Lustiger Thaler Henri
Published: June 2013

The study of memory has emerged in the early 21st century as a broad interdisciplinary endeavor across the social and physical sciences. This review critically examines the growing literature and its relevance to the sociology of memory. It assesses as well the impact of globalization on mnemonic based practices. The conclusion considers the interplay between individual and collective memory, deeply embedded in memory studies, as it evaluates future directions and challenges.
The order problem: Inference and interaction in interactive service work
Authors: Llewellyn Nick , Hindmarsh Jon
Published: June 2013

This article analyses the work of issuing tickets to queuing customers, thereby contributing to the literature on interactive service work. It draws analytical attention to artful practices through which employees infer ticket orders from local configurations of talk, gesture and bodily movement. It reveals not only the practical reasoning deployed by the service worker, but also the agency of the customer in the course of encounters. Drawing upon video recordings of over 200 separate transactions, the demands of remedying problem orders are analysed to reveal how staff infer and clarify social ‘facts’, such as the customer’s age, their nationality, employment status and willingness to pay the higher ‘Gift Aid’ price. An image of interactive service work emerges that emphasizes the peculiar and skilful articulation of sociological categories in the course of apparently routine low-level work. The concept of ‘inferential labour’ is introduced to capture these processes, which resonates with studies of categorization and emotional labour in interactive service work.
The mechanical behavior of composite corrugated core coated with elastomer for morphing skins
Authors: Dayyani Iman , Ziaei-Rad Saeed , Friswell Michael I
Published: June 2013

Coated composite corrugated panels have wide applications in engineering, especially in morphing skins where extreme anisotropic stiffness properties are required. The optimal design of these structures requires high-fidelity models of the panels that would be incorporated into multi-disciplinary system models. Therefore, numerical and experimental investigations are required that retain the dependence on the nonlinear static and dynamic behavior of these structures. Considering the nonlinear effects due to the material properties and mechanism of deformation, the mechanical behavior of composite corrugated laminates with elastomeric coatings is studied in this paper by means of numerical and experimental investigations. The importance of this work is that it provides detailed experimental and numerical models of the panel that can be used for further static and dynamic homogenization and optimization studies. In this regard, an investigation of the manufacturing method and an evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of the materials are presented. Then the tensile, hysteresis and three-point bending tests of the coated corrugated panels are analyzed and the mechanical behavior of the panel is simulated. The comparison studies demonstrate the accuracy of the finite element model to predict the mechanical behavior of the coated corrugated panels. Finally, two concepts to deal with the non-smooth surface of the panel during bending for the morphing skin application are proposed.
Application of a published methodology for evaluating within-bale repeatability of measurements obtained with standardized instruments for testing cotton: Gossypium hirsutum in Eastern and Southern Africa
Authors: Lukonge Everina E , Aboé Modeste , Gozé Eric , Sinoimeri Artan , Gourlot Jean-Paul
Published: June 2013

The possible application of conclusions from a published study concerning cottons from West and Central Africa (WCA), involving an evaluation of the within-bale variability of fiber Micronaire, Length, Uniformity, Strength, Reflectance and Yellowness in cottons from Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) was investigated.

We took eight cotton samples per bale from 240 bales produced by 32 ginning mills in six ESA countries in two crop seasons. Our representative sample comprised 1920 fiber samples that were centrally analyzed under controlled conditions using standardized instruments for testing cotton (SITC). We evaluated within-bale variability levels for both saw- and roller-ginned cottons and checked the applicability of the published conclusions to ESA.

We found that (1) sampling variance levels were comparable in ESA and in WCA for saw-ginned cottons, (2) WCA recommendations for saw-ginned cottons would also apply in ESA for most fiber characteristics measured by SITC, and (3) for roller-ginned cottons, the higher within-bale variability of roller-ginned cotton fibers compared to saw-ginned cotton would require the definition of a specific sampling and testing method based on an experiment to be designed.
An investigation into the intra-sample variation in the color of cotton using image analysis
Authors: Cui Xiaoliang , Cai Yiyun , Rodgers James , Martin Vikki , Watson Mike
Published: June 2013

The colorimeter method is widely used to identify the color and grade of a cotton sample, but this method does not give information about the variation of color within the sample. We have conducted an investigation using an image analysis method to study the intra-sample distribution and variation in cotton color. High-resolution color images of cotton samples were obtained using a color scanner. For each image the Rd and + b values of the image and specific sub-areas within it were computed to analyze the color distribution. Intra- and inter-sample variations in Rd and + b values and color grade were compared with those obtained by the HVI system. The results show that for the same cotton substrate, although the variations among the color grades of different samples (replicates) may be very small, intra-sample color variations are evident, the colors of the sub-areas being distributed over a range of areas of the cotton color chart. In other words, cotton samples of the same overall color grade may exhibit different intra-sample color variations and distribution. A description of the intra-sample color variations and distributions obtainable using an image analysis method may allow a more comprehensive evaluation of color characteristics on cotton.
A photovoltaic smart textile and a photocatalytic functional textile based on co-electrospun TiO2/MgO core–sheath nanorods: novel textiles of integrating energy and environmental science with textile research
Authors: Du Pingfan , Song Lixin , Xiong Jie , Wang Lijun , Li Ni
Published: June 2013

TiO2/MgO core–sheath structured nanofibers (NFs) were fabricated through co-electrospinning (i.e., coaxial electrospinning), and then the long TiO2/MgO NFs were converted into short TiO2/MgO nanorods (NRs) by ultrasonic treatment. Based on the TiO2/MgO NRs, two novel technical textiles, that is, a photovoltaic smart textile integrating flexible dye-sensitized solar cells and a photocatalytic functional textile immobilizing photocatalyst, were developed. The effect of the insulating MgO sheath on the semiconducting TiO2 core was discussed. Compared with the pure TiO2 NR counterparts, the TiO2/MgO NR-based photovoltaic and photocatalytic textiles exhibit better performances. The common reason for the performance enhancements is that the charge recombinations occurring in both photovoltaic and photocatalytic processes are greatly suppressed when TiO2 is coated by MgO. Finally, the potential applications of these two types of textiles were proposed. This work offers a unique insight into the development of special textiles through the combination of new energy and environmental technologies and traditional textile research.
The Evolution of Taipei’s Music Industry: Cluster and Network Dynamics in the Innovation Practices of the Music Industry
Authors: Lin Cheng-Yi
Published: June 2013

This paper aims to explore the spatial and organisational dynamics of innovation activities in the evolution of cultural industry using Taipei’s music industry as a case study. The existing literature has emphasised that innovation and creativity are driving the evolution of the cultural industry as a result of the spatial proximity effect generated by production systems. However, few studies have examined the innovation practices of the cultural industry resulting from interactive relationships between the urban cluster environment and the mobilisation process of project networks. An evolutionary perspective is used to illustrate how the cluster and network elements of the music industry are intertwined in innovation practices within the Taipei context. As a contribution to the cluster–network debates, this paper argues that the innovation dynamics of Taipei’s music industry are a hybrid feature of Taipei’s cluster environment and the strategic competencies of music project networks rather than the local cluster effect. In conclusion, a different trajectory for the evolution of Taipei’s music industry is presented. Additionally, this dynamic process between cluster and network makes Taipei a hybrid creative platform that is an active element in the cultivation of the innovative competencies of Taipei’s music producers and related workers.
‘Borrowing’ Public Space to Stage Major Events: The Greenwich Park Controversy
Authors: Smith Andrew
Published: June 2013

Many commentators suggest that access to public spaces is threatened by privatisation and commercialisation. In this paper, these processes are linked to the festivalisation of cities. Staging temporary festivals in public spaces can animate and promote cities. However, staging events restricts access for some user groups and ‘once in a lifetime’ events may act as precedents—providing justification for further exploitation. This paper explores the use of public parks for events. The paper focuses on Greenwich Park: the equestrian venue during the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Observation work and discourse analysis were undertaken to explore this controversial case. The paper analyses the discourses deployed by those seeking to justify and resist the use of the Park as an Olympic venue. Advocates claimed Games organisers were merely borrowing the park to share it with the world. Ultimately, the research highlights the importance and difficulties of regulating high-profile event projects.
The Shelter that Wasn’t There: On the Politics of Co-ordinating Multiple Urban Assemblages in Santiago, Chile
Authors: Ureta Sebastian
Published: June 2013

The concept of assemblages has gained an important degree of momentum in urban studies claiming to offer a new ontology for understanding cities as emergent and fluid concatenations of multiple elements. Such a conception, however, has also been criticised in relation to its supposed failure to deal effectively with the issue of power and inequality in urban dynamics. This paper contributes to this on-going discussion by exploring in detail the way in which power was embedded in one particular case: a bus stop shelter located in front of the Biblioteca Nacional in Santiago, Chile. In so doing, it analyses the controversy arising when two large and complex urban assemblages share component/s that each of them claims as exclusive. This situation made necessary practices of co-ordination in which a hierarchy was established between the competing assemblages, involving important transformations in some of its components.
The Power of Biblical Metaphors for the Contextualized Communication of the Gospel
Authors: Ott Craig
Published: June 2013

This article explores how the use of biblical metaphors for salvation can be a significant aid in communication of the gospel. Metaphor is a powerful communicative tool that not only illustrates truth, but can touch emotions and can shape cognitive functions. Four New Testament images of salvation are described with examples of how they may resonate with the plausibility structures found in various cultural settings.
“Occupying” Genesis 1–3: Missionally Located Reflections on Biblical Values and Economic Justice
Authors: Barram Michael
Published: June 2013

Chronic economic disparities are painfully evident throughout the world, and in this context challenging questions of missional hermeneutics, formation, and practice arise. This article seeks to tease out some noteworthy economic implications of Gen 1–3, implications that are both theologically and missionally evocative and often at odds with widespread anthropological assumptions, market-centric values, and conceptions of socio-economic justice. Drawing together insights from Gen 1–3, the Babylonian Enuma Elish Creation Myth, neoclassical and contemporary economic perspectives, and Catholic Social Teaching, the article highlights key anthropological and socio-economic values that can contribute to a biblically authentic missional hermeneutic.
A Missional Hermeneutic of the Other: A Dialogue between Levinas and Confucianism
Authors: Lee Byungohk
Published: June 2013

This article aims to briefly provide a missional hermeneutic of the other by undertaking a dialogue between Levinas and Confucianism. Regarding the other as heathen, uncivilized, and lost, the church has tended not to treat the other as its interlocutor. Levinas’s hermeneutic of the other might help the church correct this tendency toward the other. However, Levinas’s emphasis on the radical otherness of the other might lead to further distancing between the church and the world as the other. In this regard, Confucianism’s relational and inclusive understanding of the other might be helpful for reducing the gap between the church and the other.
An elongation viscosity equation of polymer melts based on the Moore dynamic model
Authors: Liang Ji-Zhao , Zhong Lei
Published: June 2013

In the present article, an elongation viscosity equation of polymeric melts was derived based on the Moore dynamic model. The equation described the relationship between extensional viscosity and extension strain rate of polymer melts. The effects of the four parameters in this equation on the extension viscosity curves were analyzed in detail. The extensional viscosities of a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and a linear LDPE as well as LDPE/glass bead composite melts at 170°C were estimated by applying this equation, and the predictions were compared with the measurement data under the same experimental conditions. The results showed that the estimations were in good agreement with the experimental data.
The effect of different strain energy functions on rubber fender
Authors: Yıldız Fatih
Published: June 2013

In this study, a rubber fender with the reduced dimensions of 1:10 of the original was simulated with ANSYS-Workbench finite element software to determine the deformations under compressive loads. Also, the rubber fender was tested by means of compression experiments for determining the actual performance values. Three different strain energy functions were used as the hyperelastic material model in the finite element analysis. The deformation results of simulations and experiments were compared against each other. In this regard, the most suitable strain energy potential was determined to be a hyperelastic material model for the rubber fender.
Political religion vs non-establishment: Reflections on 21st-century political theology: Part 2
Authors: Cohen Jean L.
Published: June 2013

This article defends the principle of non-establishment against 21st-century projects of political religion, constitutional theocracy and political theology. It is divided into two parts. The first part, published in special issue 39.4–5 of Philosophy and Social Criticism, proceeds by constructing an ideal type of political secularism, and then discussing the innovative American model of constitutional dualism regarding religion that combined constitutional protection for the freedom of religious conscience and exercise with the principle of non-establishment. It then critically assesses the integrationist approach –disguised as a concern for pluralism and fairness – as an alternative to this framework. The integrationist approach challenges ‘separation’ and political secularism in a subtle attack on the non-establishment principle, aimed at drastically narrowing its scope. Successes of this approach in recent Supreme Court jurisprudence and politics, have triggered a response by liberal egalitarians. I address this response – the equal liberty model – in this second part, arguing that although on the right track, it fails to find a middle ground between political secularism and integration. Instead, by abandoning the discourse of separation, it plays into populist integrationist hands without delivering on the promise of providing a coherent standard for deciding cases. The article proposes a third approach, one that does not throw out the non-establishment baby with the strict separationist bathwater and that wholeheartedly endorses political secularism, a sine qua non for 21st-century constitutional democracy. Equal liberty properly construed can help provide criteria for determining when an accommodation, a regulation or no regulation of religion by the state is appropriate. But it must be supplemented by other values – democratic and civil republican. The article concludes with a typology of the forms of regulation that are warranted under the conditions of the contemporary regulatory state, now the target and prize of politicized religion.
Asset-based welfare: Financialization or financial inclusion?
Authors: Prabhakar Rajiv
Published: June 2013

‘Asset-based welfare’ was one of the social policy innovations of the last Labour government in the UK. A recent financialization critique suggests policies such as the Child Trust Fund were aimed at creating subjects for financial markets. This paper argues that the focus on New Labour in Westminster overlooks the way that the Welsh government tried to shape asset-based welfare in different directions. This is emphasized as part of efforts to boost financial inclusion, that is the access that those on low incomes have to mainstream financial services. The Welsh government placed more weight on this alternative financial inclusion agenda by boosting progressive universalism and encouraging the delivery of assets through credit unions. Welsh efforts though were constrained by both the ideology and austerity programme imposed from the centre.
Typology of Perfectionism in a Group of Mathematically Gifted Czech Adolescents Over One Decade
Authors: Portešová Šárka , Urbánek Tomáš
Published: June 2013

This study assessed differences in Parker’s typology of perfectionism (healthy perfectionist, unhealthy perfectionist, and nonperfectionist). We compared the results from previous research with follow-up 2005 and 2010 data collected from highly gifted Czech mathematicians aged 12 to 16 years. The study examined whether the same three types/clusters of perfectionists emerge for three cohorts (2000, 2005, and 2010) and whether these clusters differ in other characteristics of perfectionism. Data from 2005 and 2010 cohorts showed healthy and unhealthy perfectionism types and a mixed maladaptive-adaptive type characterized by high scores on both adaptive and maladaptive FMPS dimensions. According to Dixon, Lapsley, and Hanchon, this mixed type reflects a recently described “pervasive” type of unhealthy perfectionism. Possible causes for failing to detect this type in earlier samples of talented Czech students are discussed. Both unhealthy and mixed types of perfectionism, which are the focus of our research, seem to be on the rise.
Counterfactual Thinking and Ethical Decision Making
Authors: Celuch Kevin , Saxby Carl
Published: June 2013

The present study extends understanding of the self-regulatory aspects of ethical decision making by integrating and exploring relationships among counterfactual thinking, attribution, anticipatory emotions, and ethical decision-making constructs and processes. Specifically, we examine the effects of a manipulation designed to stimulate a counterfactual mind-set, which is found to significantly affect negative anticipatory emotions and intention associated with unethical conduct. Furthermore, we explore the basis of these effects by delineating and supporting responsibility attributions working through perceived negative consequences to influence both negative anticipatory emotions and intention to perform the unethical behavior. This research addresses both academic and managerial imperatives in the marketing education literature as to how to effectively influence ethical decisions through an understanding of how individuals combine theoretically significant cognitions.
Commonwealth of uncertainty: How British and American professional models of library practice have shaped LIS Education in selected former British Colonies and Dominions
Authors: Carroll Mary , Kerr Paulette , Musa Abdullahi I. , Afzal Waseem
Published: June 2013

Worldwide the library and information profession has been the focus of competing social and political agendas that have contributed to the shape of the profession. From the late 19th century to the present in countries aligned to the former British Dominions and Colonies (today part of the Commonwealth of Nations) these external influences were predominantly from two cultural arenas, that of the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US). The result in many Commonwealth countries been two competing and at times contradictory models for LIS pedagogy which have been labelled the British and American ‘models or patterns’ of education. The convergence of these two influences has had a role in shaping LIS education and has left a complex legacy. This paper will examine how the legacy of this convergence continues to shape the aspirational agenda of local professional communities and will discuss how this has influenced the delivery and the educational model for librarianship. This paper will examine as a series of case studies how the legacy of this convergence has shaped the aspirations of the LIS profession and influenced the delivery and the educational model of librarianship in a number of Commonwealth countries.
UNIMARC – Understanding the past to envision the future
Authors: Galvão Rosa Maria , Cordeiro Maria Inês
Published: June 2013

The context of major changes that are envisaged for the bibliographic standards environment demands a reflection on the nature and specification of MARC and its adequacy for the integration of bibliographic discovery systems into the larger world of networked information and systems. From this starting point, this paper provides an overview of the evolution of UNIMARC and the practices of its maintenance, collecting knowledge that may be useful as a first contribution to inform future steps in redesigning bibliographic data standards.
Clinical and Electromyographic Results of Proximal and Distal Realignment Procedures in Young Patients With Recurrent Patellar Dislocations
Authors: Kreuz Peter C. , Peterson Lars , van der Werf-Grohmann Natascha , Vohrer Michael , Schwering Ludwig
Published: June 2013

Background:

Until now, no study has been published about the electromyographic changes in the extensor apparatus after the Green procedure for proximal realignment in young patients with recurrent patellar dislocations. This electromyographic study was performed to analyze imbalances between the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles after different patellar realignment procedures.

Hypothesis:

Surgical proximal realignment leads to electromyographic changes in the extensor apparatus of the knee and to imbalances between the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 28 knees of 25 patients, with a mean age of 15 years, were treated operatively for recurrent patellar dislocations. The mean follow-up was 6.3 years. Depending on the type of surgical intervention, the patients were assigned to 3 different groups: the patients of group 1 underwent only the Green vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) advancement, group 2 was treated with a combination of the Green proximal and the Roux-Goldthwait distal realignment, and group 3 was treated with a combination of the Green proximal realignment and an additional tubercle transfer. All patients underwent clinical, radiological, and electromyographic examinations. The muscle activities of a healthy control group without patellar dislocations were used for comparison.

Results:

A combination of the Green procedure and tubercle transfer led to significantly better clinical results and a lower number of redislocations ( P < .05) compared with patients who underwent only the Green proximal realignment. While ascending or descending stairs, the ratio between the electromyographic activities of the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles in groups 1 and 2 was significantly smaller compared with the control group ( P < .02). Only the electromyograms of group 3 revealed a balanced extensor apparatus during loading with comparable activities of the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles and no significant difference to the control group ( P = .37).

Conclusion:

Our electromyographic investigations showed the importance of the vastus medialis in the pathogenesis of malalignment of the extensor mechanism. The Green VMO advancement without tibial tubercle transfer is not able to balance the activities of the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles and cannot be recommended for further use.
Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of nano-BaSO4 and its effect on thermal and cross-linking density of epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Shimpi Navinchandra G , Mishra Satyendra
Published: June 2013

Thermal and morphological behavior of epoxy nanocomposite system was investigated under the influence of barium sulfate nanoparticles. Initially, epoxy resin and nano-BaSO4 were synthesized under controlled ultrasound cavitation technique. At the time of epoxy resin synthesis, nano-BaSO4 (2–10 mass% loading) was added under controlled ultrasound. The intense collapse effect was arising due to cavitation, which enhances the polymerization process with uniform mixing of nano-BaSO4. The effect of nano-BaSO4 on thermal and functional group linkage was studied using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Addition of nBaSO4 accelerates the rate of epoxy resin curing during composite formation with uniform dispersion of nano-BaSO4 under controlled ultrasonic waves (50 kHz), which shows remarkable change in cross-linking density. The thermal stability of epoxy resin nanocomposite was found to be improved as compared to neat epoxy resin. The increasing amount of loading of nano-BaSO4 shows enhancement in thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposite. It was demonstrated that ultrasonic synthesis is a unique and ultimate way for preparation of epoxy resin with nanoaddition. Due to controlled ultrasonic waves, formation of long-term stable polymerization occurs, which consists of polymer/inorganic nanoparticles composite.
Dependence of effective thermal conductivity of composite materials on the size of filler particles
Authors: Chauhan Deepti , Singhvi Nilima , Singh Ramvir
Published: June 2013

A well-known Maxwell’s model for evaluation of effective thermal conductivity has been modified incorporating a correction factor s. It is an important quantity, which influences the effective thermal conductivity of composite materials together with other parameters like volume fraction and thermal conductivities of the constituents. Parameter estimation technique is used to determine the value of s. Optimized value of s is used in the modified Maxwell’s model to estimate effective thermal conductivity of composite materials. The effective thermal conductivity of composite materials using an artificial neural network approach has also been calculated. Materials of different sizes of filler particles/matrix have been considered for calculation of the effective thermal conductivity. Results obtained using modified Maxwell’s model and artificial neural network technique have been compared with the experimental results available in the literature which shows a good fit.
Online Survey Design and Development: A Janus-Faced Approach
Authors: Lauer Claire , McLeod Michael , Blythe Stuart
Published: June 2013

In this article we propose a Janus-faced approach to survey design—an approach that encourages researchers to consider how they can design and implement surveys more effectively using the latest web and database tools. Specifically, this approach encourages researchers to look two ways at once; attending to both the survey interface (client side; what users see) and the database design (server side; what researchers collect) so that researchers can pursue the most dynamic and layered data collection possible while ensuring greater participation and completion rates from respondents. We illustrate the potentials of a Janus-faced approach using a successfully designed and implemented nationwide survey on the writing lives of professional writing alumni. We offer up a series of questions that a researcher will want to consider during each stage of survey development.
Diurnal 24-Hour Rhythm in Ambulatory Heart Rate Variability during the Day Shift in Rotating Shift Workers
Authors: Yoshizaki Takahiro , Kawano Yukari , Tada Yuki , Hida Azumi , Midorikawa Toru , Hasegawa Kohe , Mitani Takeshi , Komatsu Taiki , Togo Fumiharu
Published: June 2013

Circadian variation in cardiac autonomic nervous system activity and behavior during the day shifts of shift workers has not hitherto been clarified. This study examined diurnal 24-h variation in heart rate variability (HRV), sleep-wake cycle, physical activity, and food intake during the day shift in rotating shift workers. The subjects were female nurses and caregivers working at a health care facility (14 day workers and 13 rotating shift workers). Each subject was asked to undergo 24-h electrocardiograph and step count recordings. Coarse graining spectral analysis was used for approximately 10-min segments of HRV (600 beats) to derive the total power (TOT: >0.04 Hz), integrated power in the low-frequency (LF: 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (HF: >0.15 Hz) ranges, the ratio of HF power to TOT (HF nu), and the ratio of LF power to HF power (LF/HF). Double cosinor analysis was used to obtain 24-h and 12-h period variations in variables of HRV and physical activity. While no difference was found in the acrophases of either period for step counts or in the 12-h period of HRV variables between the groups, the acrophases of the 24-h period for HRV variables were delayed by 1.3 to 5.5 h in rotating shift workers, and their differences in HF power, HF nu, and LF/HF reached a significant level ( p < 0.05). On the days of the experiment, retiring time, waking up time, total time in bed, sleep efficiency, and mealtimes and energy intake for each diet did not differ between the groups. These results suggest that there is a possibility of an abnormal phase angle between circadian variation in cardiac autonomic nervous system activity and the sleep-wake cycle during the day shift in shift workers.
Circannual Rhythm in Body Temperature, Torpor, and Sensitivity to A1 Adenosine Receptor Agonist in Arctic Ground Squirrels
Authors: Olson Jasmine M. , Jinka Tulasi R. , Larson Lindy K. , Danielson Jeffrey J. , Moore Jeanette T. , Carpluck JoAnna , Drew Kelly L.
Published: June 2013

A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) activation within the central nervous system induces torpor, but in obligate hibernators such as the arctic ground squirrel (AGS; Urocitellus parryii), A1AR stimulation induces torpor only during the hibernation season, suggesting a seasonal increase in sensitivity to A1AR signaling. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between body temperature (Tb) and sensitivity to an adenosine A1 receptor agonist in AGS. We tested the hypothesis that increased sensitivity in A1AR signaling would lead to lower Tb in euthermic animals during the hibernation season when compared with the summer season. We further predicted that if a decrease in euthermic Tb reflects increased sensitivity to A1AR activation, then it should likewise predict spontaneous torpor. We used subcutaneous IPTT-300 transponders to monitor Tb in AGS housed under constant ambient conditions (12:12 L:D, 18 °C) for up to 16 months. These animals displayed an obvious rhythm in euthermic Tb that cycled with a period of approximately 8 months. Synchrony in the Tb rhythm within the group was lost after several months of constant L:D conditions; however, individual rhythms in Tb continued to show clear sine wave–like waxing and waning. AGS displayed spontaneous torpor only during troughs in euthermic Tb. To assess sensitivity to A1AR activation, AGS were administered the A1AR agonist N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA, 0.1 mg/kg, ip), and subcutaneous Tb was monitored. AGS administered CHA during a seasonal minimum in euthermic Tb showed a greater drug-induced decrease in Tb (1.6 ± 0.3 °C) than did AGS administered CHA during a peak in euthermic Tb (0.4 ± 0.3 °C). These results provide evidence for a circannual rhythm in Tb that is associated with increased sensitivity to A1AR signaling and correlates with the onset of torpor.
Stent fabric fatigue of grafts supported by Z-stents versus ringed stents: An in vitro buckling test
Authors: Lin Jing , Wang Lu , Guidoin Robert , Nutley Mark , Song Ge , Zhang Ze , Du Jia , Douville Yvan
Published: June 2013

Stent-grafts externally fitted with a Z-shaped stents were compared to devices fitted with ringed stents in an in vitro oscillating fatigue machine at 200 cycles per minute and a pressure of 360 mmHg for scheduled durations of up to 1 week. The devices fitted with Z-stents showed a considerably lower endurance limit to buckling compared to the controls. The contact between the apexes of adjacent Z-stents resulted in significant damage to the textile scaffolds and polyester fibers due to the sharp angle of the Z-stents. The ringed stents did not cause any fraying in the textile scaffolds.