bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value of Pre-operative Renal Insufficiency in Urothelial Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cao Jian , Zhao Xiaokun , Zhong Zhaohui , Zhang Lei , Zhu Xuan , Xu Ran
Published: October 2016

The effect of pre-operative renal insufficiency on urothelial carcinoma (UC) prognosis has been investigated by numerous studies. While the majority report worse UC outcomes in patients with renal insufficiency, the results between the studies differed wildly. To enable us to better estimate the prognostic value of renal insufficiency on UC, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the published literature. A total of 16 studies which involved 5,232 patients with UC, investigated the relationship between pre-operative renal insufficiency and disease prognosis. Estimates of combined hazard ratio (HR) for bladder urothelial carcinoma recurrence, cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were 1.65 (95% CI, 1.11–2.19), 1.59 (95% CI, 1.14–2.05) and 1.45 (95% CI, 1.19–1.71), respectively; and for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma recurrence, CSS and OS were 2.27 (95% CI, 1.42–3.12), 1.02 (95% CI, 0.47–1.57) and 1.52 (95% CI, 1.05–1.99), respectively. Our results indicate that UC patients with pre-operative renal insufficiency tend to have higher recurrence rates and poorer survival compared to those with clinically normal renal function, thus renal function should be closely monitored in these patients. The impact of intervention for renal insufficiency on the prognosis of UC needs to be further studied.
Detection of DNA Damage in Drosophila
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Bajpayee Mahima , Dhawan Alok
Published: October 2016

Drosophila melanogaster has been extensively used as an alternative to animal models in genotoxicity testing. The alkaline Comet assay employing cells of Drosophila has been used as a simple and sensitive in vivo tool for the assessment of DNA damage and repair. It allows increased understanding of the mechanisms of genotoxicity and responses of biological systems to genotoxic chemicals that may be hazardous to humans. This chapter outlines the protocol followed for the in vivo alkaline comet assay using Drosophila.
Use of Single-cell Gel Electrophoresis Assays in Dietary Intervention Trials
Authors: Nersesyan Armen , Hoelzl Christine , Ferk Franziska , Mišík Miroslav , Al-Serori Halh , Setayesh Tahereh , Knasmueller Siegfried
Published: October 2016

The single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) technique has been frequently used to investigate the impact of consumption of complex foods and individual constituents on DNA stability in humans. Since no division or cultivation of the indicator cells (in most studies lymphocytes) is required, this approach is less costly and time consuming than cytogenetic methods. Apart from single- and double-stand breaks and apurinic sites, which can be detected under standard conditions, it is also possible to assess the formation of oxidized DNA bases and alterations of DNA repair as well as protection of the DNA against chemical carcinogens. In total, 93 studies have been published since the first use of the Comet assay in this field in 1997. The results which emerged from these studies show that human foods contain specific highly protective components (e.g. gallic acid, xanthohumol, isoflavones); promising results were also obtained with beverages (coffee and other drinks), while mixed diets with vegetables and fruits conferred no or moderate protection; however, individual plant foods (e.g. kiwis and specific cruciferous vegetables) were highly protective. It is notable that prevention of DNA damage was rarely detected under standard conditions while evidence for reduced formation of oxidized DNA bases was found in approximately 30% of the trials. In some investigations it was possible to identify the modes of action by which specific compounds prevented damage of the genetic material in additional mechanistic experiments. The currently available data show that SCGE assays are a valuable tool for identifying dietary factors which improve the stability of the genetic material and prevent adverse health effects which are causally related to DNA damage.
The Comet Assay in Sperm—Assessing Genotoxins in Male Germ Cells
Authors: Baumgartner Adolf , Ali Aftab , Normington Charmaine , Anderson Diana
Published: October 2016

In a modern society, the environment as well as the lifestyles we choose may expose us to genotoxic compounds that may not only damage somatic cells but also our germ cells. As these reproductive cells pass genetic material on to the next generations their DNA integrity is of crucial importance. In recent years, it become clear that a strong link between paternal smoking and the induction of DNA damage in the unexposed offspring exists. Such compromised DNA can then be transmitted via the spermatozoal genome to the egg causing gene mutations in the offspring. The Comet or single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay is a rapid, sensitive and reliable method to detect DNA damage and to assess the integrity of the genome within single mature male germ cells. This chapter will provide an overview of the use of the in vivo and in vitro Comet assay utilising sperm or testicular cells in reproductive toxicology. This includes considerations of damage assessed by protocol modification, cryopreservation versus the use of fresh sperm, viability and statistics. The use of sperm to assess possible detrimental effects on germ cell DNA might play a crucial role in investigating reprotoxins, which are harmful to humans, but may also contribute to areas such as aquatic and terrestrial ecotoxicology. The sperm Comet assay allows reliable in vitro and in vivo assessments of various environmental and lifestyle genotoxins, presumed or proven to damage the DNA.
Comet Assay – Protocols and Testing Strategies
Authors: Hartmann Andreas , Speit Günter
Published: October 2016

The assessment of a genotoxic hazard of chemicals and pharmaceuticals is an important component of the preclinical safety assessment. Experience with genetic toxicology testing over the past several decades has demonstrated that no single assay is capable of detecting all genotoxic effects. Therefore, the potential for a compound to cause genotoxicity is typically determined through a battery of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity tests.
Phage displayed anti-idiotypic nanobody mediated immuno-PCR for sensitive and environmentally friendly detection of mycotoxin ochratoxin A
Authors: Ji Yanwei , He Qinghua , Xu Yang , Tu Zhui , Yang Hongwei , Qiu Yulou , Wang Xianxian , Liu Yuanyuan
Published: October 2016

Anti-idiotypic nanobodies (AId-Nbs) are novel antigens that can replace the conventional hapten–protein conjugates of small molecules toxin, serving the same function in the competitive immunoassay.
Multiscale X-ray fluorescence mapping complemented by Raman spectroscopy for pigment analysis of a 15th century Breton manuscript
Authors: Manukyan K. V. , Guerin B. J. , Stech E. J. , Aprahamian A. , Wiescher M. , Gura D. T. , Schultz Z. D.
Published: October 2016

We present complementary multiscale X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) mapping and Raman spectroscopy to analyze pigments in a rare medieval Breton manuscript.
A chemiluminescent aptasensor for simultaneous detection of three antibiotics in milk
Authors: Hao Liling , Gu Huajie , Duan Nuo , Wu Shijia , Wang Zhouping
Published: October 2016

In this study, a highly sensitive and specific multiplex chemiluminescent method for the simultaneous detection of three antibiotics was fabricated.
Functional gold nanoparticles coupled with laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry for bioanalysis
Authors: Unnikrishnan Binesh , Chang Chia-Yin , Chu Han-Wei , Anand Anisha , Huang Chih-Ching
Published: October 2016

Monitoring of surface ligand and gold cluster ions produced by pulsed-laser-induced desorption/ionization of gold nanoparticles enables the transduction and amplification of mass signals for biosensing and bioimaging applications.
Checkpoints for preliminary identification of small molecules found enriched in autophagosomes and activated mast cell secretions analyzed by comparative UPLC/MSe
Authors: Satori Chad P. , Ramezani Marzieh , Koopmeiners Joseph S. , Meyer Audrey F. , Rodriguez-Navarro Jose A. , Kuhns Michelle M. , Taylor Thane H. , Haynes Christy L. , Dalluge Joseph J. , Arriaga Edgar A.
Published: October 2016

Checkpoints in processing of metabolomics data are essential to reliably define preliminary identifications of metabolomic studies.
Cu(ii)/Cu(0)@UiO-66-NH2: base metal@MOFs as heterogeneous catalysts for olefin oxidation and reduction
Authors: Wang Jian-Cheng , Hu Yu-Hong , Chen Gong-Jun , Dong Yu-Bin
Published: October 2016

Two copper-loaded MOF materials, Cu(ii)@Ui-O-66-NH2 (1) and Cu(0)@UiO-66-NH2 (2), which can be highly active heterogeneous catalysts for olefin oxidation and hydrogenation, are reported.
Bimodal self-assembly of an amphiphilic gelator into a hydrogel-nanocatalyst and an organogel with different morphologies and photophysical properties
Authors: Sutar Papri , Maji Tapas Kumar
Published: October 2016

Solvent-dependent, bimodal self-assembly of a flexible, amphiphilic LMWG results in a charge-transfer hydrogel and an organogel with different nano-morphologies and the hydrogel is used as a nanocatalyst for Knoevenagel condensation reaction.
Palladium-catalyzed direct intermolecular silylation of remote unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds
Authors: Pan Jin-Long , Li Quan-Zhe , Zhang Ting-Yu , Hou Si-Hua , Kang Jun-Cheng , Zhang Shu-Yu
Published: October 2016

An efficient and convenient method has been developed to achieve direct silylation of unactivated remote primary or secondary C(sp3)–H bonds to form C–Si bonds with hexamethyldisilane (HMDS).
Origin of the catalytic activity of face-centered-cubic ruthenium nanoparticles determined from an atomic-scale structure
Authors: Kumara L. S. R. , Sakata Osami , Kohara Shinji , Yang Anli , Song Chulho , Kusada Kohei , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: October 2016

The 3D configuration models of novel fcc and conventional hcp ruthenium nanoparticles are studied to elucidate their CO oxidation activity.
Molecular ring rotation in poly(vinylferrocene)
Authors: Appel Markus , Frick Bernhard , Elbert Johannes , Gallei Markus , Stühn Bernd
Published: October 2016

We investigate the ring rotation dynamics in poly(vinylferrocene) using incoherent neutron spectroscopy. The amorphous polymer structure leads to a broad distribution of potential energy barriers of the reorientational jumps.
A general protocol for the reductive N-methylation of amines using dimethyl carbonate and molecular hydrogen: mechanistic insights and kinetic studies
Authors: Cabrero-Antonino Jose R. , Adam Rosa , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: October 2016

A general and selective ruthenium-catalyzed reductiveN-methylation of primary and secondary aromatic and aliphatic amines using dimethyl carbonate as a C1source and molecular hydrogen as a reducing agent is reported for the first time.
Superior performance of CuInS2 for photocatalytic water treatment: full conversion of highly stable nitrate ions into harmless N2 under visible light
Authors: Yue Mufei , Wang Rong , Ma Biao , Cong Rihong , Gao Wenliang , Yang Tao
Published: October 2016

CuInS2 exhibits a high record of photocatalytic efficiency in visible light driven nitrate reduction without over-reduction nor H2 generation.
Investigation of thin/well-tunable liquid/gas diffusion layers exhibiting superior multifunctional performance in low-temperature electrolytic water splitting
Authors: Kang Zhenye , Mo Jingke , Yang Gaoqiang , Retterer Scott T. , Cullen David A. , Toops Todd J. , Green Jr Johney B. , Mench Matthew M. , Zhang Feng-Yuan
Published: October 2016

Novel LGDLs remarkably reduce losses and reveals unprecedented rapid electrochemical reactions.
Spatial assessment of soil nitrogen availability and varying effects of related main soil factors on soil available nitrogen
Authors: Qu Mingkai , Li Weidong , Zhang Chuanrong , Huang Biao , Zhao Yongcun
Published: October 2016

Based on the spatial distribution maps of the soil AN and NAR, vulnerability areas with a low available concentration and low/high availability ratio of soil nitrogen were delineated based on different thresholds of the soil AN and NAR.
Fabrication, performance and mechanism of MgO meso-/macroporous nanostructures for simultaneous removal of As(iii) and F in a groundwater system
Authors: Gao Panpan , Tian Xike , Yang Chao , Zhou Zhaoxin , Li Yong , Wang Yanxin , Komarneni Sridhar
Published: October 2016

MgO meso-/macroporous nanostructures exhibited high removal rates for typical As(iii) and F coexisting in groundwater. The novel adsorption mechanisms were confirmed.
Lattice mold technique for the calculation of crystal nucleation rates
Authors: Espinosa Jorge R. , Sampedro Pablo , Valeriani Chantal , Vega Carlos , Sanz Eduardo
Published: October 2016

We present a new simulation method for the calculation of crystal nucleation rates by computer simulation. The method is based on the use of molds to induce crystallization in state points where nucleation is a rare event. The mold is a cluster of potential energy wells placed in the lattice positions of the solid. The method has two distinct steps. In the first one the probability per unit volume of forming a sub-critical crystal cluster in the fluid is computed by means of thermodynamic integration. The thermodynamic route consists in gradually switching on an attractive interaction between the wells and the fluid particles. In the second step, the frequency with which such cluster becomes post-critical is computed in Molecular Dynamics simulations with the mold switched on. We validate our method with a continuous version of the hard sphere potential and with the sodium chloride Tosi–Fumi model. In all studied state points we obtain a good agreement with literature data obtained from other rare event simulation techniques. Our method is quite suitable for the study of both crystal nucleation of arbitrarily complex structures and the competition between different polymorphs in the nucleation stage.
Genistein promotes the metabolic transformation of acetaminophen to glucuronic acid in human L-O2, HepG2 and Hep3b cells via the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway
Authors: Yuan-jing Fan , Wei Wei , Jian-ping Luo , Yu-xia Jin , Zi-ling Dai
Published: October 2016

Genistein can prevent and protect against APAP-induced liver toxicity due to the inhibition of APAP biotransformation and the resistance to oxidative stress.
Systemic lupus erythematosus: molecular cloning and analysis of recombinant monoclonal kappa light chain NGTA1-Me-pro with two metalloprotease active centers
Authors: Timofeeva Anna M. , Buneva Valentina N. , Nevinsky Georgy A.
Published: October 2016

Monoclonal light chain (NGTA1-Me-pro) possessing two alternative active centers with metalloprotease activities specifically recognizing only myelin basic protein (MBP) was obtained. NGTA1-Me-pro demonstrated two pH optima (A), two optimal concentrations of Me2+ions (B), and twoKmvalues for MBP.
Mn3O4 doped with highly dispersed Zr species: a new non-noble metal oxide with enhanced activity for three-way catalysis
Authors: Zhao Genyuan , Li Jing , Zhu Wenshuang , Ma Xueqin , Guo Yonghua , Liu Zhaohui , Yang Yanzhao
Published: October 2016

Herein, we demonstrate the influence of zirconium species on promoting the oxygen storage capacity and three-way catalytic properties of zirconium-manganese oxide catalysts.
Striped patterns self-assembled from rod–coil diblock copolymers on spherical substrates
Authors: Guan Zhou , Wang Liquan , Zhu Xingyu , Lin Jiaping
Published: October 2016

In this work, the structures and topological defects of striped patterns self-assembled from rod–coil diblock copolymers confined on spherical substrates were examined using dissipative particle dynamics simulations.
Study on the growth of wheat seedlings under acetic acid ionic liquids [Cnmim][OAc] (n = 2, 4, 6)
Authors: Chen Zhonglin , Dai Bing , Zhang Weichen , Guan Wei , Liu Neng , Liu Kui
Published: October 2016

A transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to observe the cellular structure of wheat leaf under the effects of ionic liquids (ILs).
Synthesis of a MoO3/Ti3C2Tx composite with enhanced capacitive performance for supercapacitors
Authors: Zhu Jianfeng , Lu Xiao , Wang Lei
Published: October 2016

The higher capacitance and excellent cyclability is attributed to the synergistic effect of MoO3 nanoparticles and 2D Ti3C2Tx.
Preparation of SDC–NC nanocomposite electrolytes with elevated densities: influence of prefiring and sintering treatments on their microstructures and electrical conductivities
Authors: Li Chuanming , Zeng Yanwei , Wang Zhentao , Ye Zhupeng , Zhang Yuan , Shi Rui
Published: October 2016

Elevated dense SDC–NC nanocomposites with a relative density of 91.6% can be obtained after prefiring at 500 °C and sintering at 800 °C and show the highest oxide ionic and protonic conductivity, ∼3.27 and 9.11 mS cm−1 at 600 °C, respectively.
Nanonization of andrographolide by a wet milling method: the effects of vitamin E TPGS and oral bioavailability enhancement
Authors: Du Ping , Jiang Qikun , Yang Rujie , Liu Cuiru , Li Yingchao , Wang Liyuan , Xue Peng , Fu Qiang , Zhang Tianhong
Published: October 2016

Andrographolide (AND) has wide prospects in clinical use, but suffers from the restriction of poor oral bioavailability, due to its low solubility, rapid and extensive metabolism and efflux by P-glycoprotein (P-gp).
Binder-free hierarchically-porous carbon nanofibers decorated with cobalt nanoparticles as efficient cathodes for lithium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Singhal Richa , Kalra Vibha
Published: October 2016

A simple technique for fabricating binder-free cathodes for Li–O2batteries is presented, and the associated discharge–charge reaction mechanisms are discussed.
Vapor-based micro/nano-partitioning of fluoro-functional group immobilization for long-term stable cell patterning
Authors: Funano Shun-ichi , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Tanaka Yo
Published: October 2016

This study developed a simple vapor-based immobilization method using a compound with fluoro-functional-group on a cell culture surface with micro/nano scale patterns.
The rheological behavior of graphite oxide/cationic polyacrylamide suspensions
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Liyan , Wang Yang , Zhu Guorui , Tan Wei
Published: October 2016

Steady and dynamic tests were carried out to analyze the rheological behavior of GO/CPAM suspensions.
Fuchsine biosorption using Asplenium nidus biosorbent-a mechanism using kinetic and isotherm data
Authors: D. M. R. E. A. Dissanayake , W. M. K. E. H. Wijesinghe , S. S. Iqbal , N. Priyantha , M. C. M. Iqbal
Published: October 2016

Adsorption is due to covalent and H bonding interactions between fuchsine molecules and functional groups of the adsorbent. Further π–π electron interactions between phenyl rings of the dye molecule and H bonds form multilayers of dye molecules.
Multifunctional iron oxide–carbon hybrid microrods
Authors: Zhu Lu , Huang Weijie , Rinehart Zachary S. , Tam Jason , Zhao Yiping
Published: October 2016

FexOy–C microrods with superior dye adsorption and drug loading abilities were obtained by solvothermal synthesis with annealing.
Colour-tunable quantum dots/poly(NIPAM-co-AAc) hybrid microgels based on electrostatic interactions
Authors: Cai Yuting , Du Gaolai , Gao Guorong , Chen Jing , Fu Jun
Published: October 2016

Colour-tunable QD/poly(NIPAM-co-AAc) hybrid microgels have been synthesized by encapsulating and entrapping positively charged QDs with pH-responsive negatively charged microgels with tunable photoluminescent properties.
Advancing insights on the anti-obesity biochemical mechanism of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) by inhibiting α-amylase activity
Authors: Zhan Wang , Liu Yang , Li Dongpu , Liu Yun
Published: October 2016

The biochemical mechanisms of EGCG against human salivary α-amylase are comprehensively investigated in vitro as well as histological analyses and physiological indexes of obesity mice in vivo after 30 day EGCG oral administration.
Theoretical studies on characterization of heterofullerene C58B2 isomers by X-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Qi Jiayuan , Zhu Huanhuan , Zheng Mei , Hu Xiaoying
Published: October 2016

The electronic/geometrical structures and X-ray spectra from first-principles simulations of two hetero-fullerenes 1,4-/1,16-C58B2 and the counterpart Ih-C60 have been explored.
Monolithic organic aerogels derived from single amino-acid based supramolecular gels: physical and thermal properties
Authors: Jamart-Grégoire Brigitte , Son Sébastien , Allix Florent , Felix Vincent , Barth Danielle , Jannot Yves , Pickaert Guillaume , Degiovanni Alain
Published: October 2016

Supercritical CO2 drying of a low molecular weight organogel lead to the first aerogel in a monolithic form bearing superinsulation properties.
Facile synthesis of hollow mesoporous zinc silicate nanoparticles using a dual surfactant system
Authors: Um Kiju , Chang Hochan , Lee Kangtaek
Published: October 2016

A new synthetic route for hollow mesoporous zinc silicate and silica nanoparticles is developed using a dual surfactant system.
Microfluidic chip-based one-step fabrication of an artificial photosystem I for photocatalytic cofactor regeneration
Authors: Huang Xiaowen , Liu Jian , Yang Qingjing , Liu Yang , Zhu Yujiao , Li Tenghao , Tsang Yuen Hong , Zhang Xuming
Published: October 2016

We report a one-step strategy for the formation of an artificial photosystem I, with an enhanced coenzyme regeneration rate.
Fluorescent pH nanosensor based on carbon nanodots for monitoring minor intracellular pH changes
Authors: Safavi Afsaneh , Ahmadi Raheleh , Mohammadpour Zahra , Zhou Jie
Published: October 2016

Fluorescent carbon nanodots were used as a sensitive, biocompatible intracellular pH sensor that can resolve minor pH differences in live cells.
How does the entropy of ternary polymer–solvent–cosolvent mixtures depend on the molar solvent fraction?
Authors: Voyiatzis Evangelos , Böhm Michael C.
Published: October 2016

A decomposition of the entropy of dilute ternary polymer–solvent–cosolvent systems into pair terms is proposed.
Formation of thermally conductive networks in isotactic polypropylene/hexagonal boron nitride composites via “Bridge Effect” of multi-wall carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Zhong Shi-Long , Zhou Zheng-Yong , Zhang Kai , Shi Yu-Dong , Chen Yi-Fu , Chen Xu-Dong , Zeng Jian-Bing , Wang Ming
Published: October 2016

Efficiently thermal conductive networks were fabricated in the iPP/h-BN composites by the “bridge effect” of MWCNTs or GNPs.
Polymer electronic composites that heal by solvent vapour
Authors: Baek Paul , Aydemir Nihan , Chaudhary Omer Javed , Wai Chi Chan Eddie , Malmstrom Jenny , Giffney Tim , Khadka Roshan , Barker David , Travas-Sejdic Jadranka
Published: October 2016

Herein, we present a simple route to prepare conducting polymer composites that demonstrates ​solvent vapour-mediated healing of electrical and mechanical properties.
Reduced graphene oxide/silver hybrid with N,N-dimethyl formamide for oxygen reduction reactions and surface enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Tang Xiu-Zhi , Srikanth Narasimalu , Feng Xi-Qiao , Chua Chee Kai , Zhou Kun
Published: October 2016

A reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/Ag hybrid for oxygen reduction reaction and surface enhanced Raman scattering was prepared and a reasonable reaction path towards the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) was investigated.
Alkene hydrogenation activity of enoate reductases for an environmentally benign biosynthesis of adipic acid
Authors: Joo Jeong Chan , Khusnutdinova Anna N. , Flick Robert , Kim Taeho , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Yakunin Alexander F. , Mahadevan Radhakrishnan
Published: October 2016

We demonstrate the first enzymatic hydrogenation of 2-hexenedioic acid and muconic acid to adipic acid using enoate reductases (ERs).
Magnetic circular dichroism studies of iron(ii) binding to human calprotectin
Authors: Baker Tessa M. , Nakashige Toshiki G. , Nolan Elizabeth M. , Neidig Michael L.
Published: October 2016

Magnetic circular dichroism studies of Fe(ii) binding to human calprotectin demonstrate the nature of Fe(ii) coordination at two different Fe(ii)-binding sites and provide insight into how Ca(ii) modulates Fe(ii) coordination.
A family of cis-macrocyclic diphosphines: modular, stereoselective synthesis and application in catalytic CO2/ethylene coupling
Authors: Knopf Ioana , Tofan Daniel , Beetstra Dirk , Al-Nezari Abdulaziz , Al-Bahily Khalid , Cummins Christopher C.
Published: October 2016

The stereoselective synthesis of a family of cis-macrocyclic diphosphines was achieved in only three steps from white phosphorus and commercial materials. These new ligands showed activity in the nickel-catalyzed coupling of CO2 and ethylene.
Exploiting directional long range secondary forces for regulating electrostatics-dominated noncovalent interactions
Authors: Tiwari Mrityunjay K. , Vanka Kumar
Published: October 2016

It has been well established that long range secondary electrostatic interactions (SEIs) have a significant effect on the stability of supramolecular complexes.
Self-healing polymers and composites for extreme environments
Authors: Heo Yunseon , Malakooti Mohammad H. , Sodano Henry A.
Published: October 2016

The first self-healing polymers and fiber reinforced composites with temperature stability beyond 240 °C and high healing efficiencies are developed.
Yolk–shell Co2CrO4 nanospheres as highly active catalysts for Li–O2 batteries: understanding the electrocatalytic mechanism
Authors: Zhao Qin , Wu Caixia , Cong Lina , Zhang Yuhang , Sun Guiru , Xie Haiming , Sun Liqun , Liu Jia
Published: October 2016

The improved performance can be attributed to its optimal morphology, proper surface state modification, and strong absorption ability for LiO2.
Non-fullerene small molecule acceptors based on perylene diimides
Authors: Liu Zhitian , Wu Yao , Zhang Qi , Gao Xiang
Published: October 2016

This brief review summarizes non-fullerene acceptors based on perylene diimides used in bulk-heterojunction solar cells which were reported mainly during 2014–2016.
Surface engineering on a nanocatalyst: basic zinc salt nanoclusters improve catalytic performances of Ru nanoparticles
Authors: Peng Zhikun , Liu Xu , Lin Huinan , Wang Zhuo , Li Zhongjun , Li Baojun , Liu Zhongyi , Liu Shouchang
Published: October 2016

Ru active sites armed with surface BZSS (basic zinc sulfate salt) nanoclusters induced high selectivity and yield for the benzene-selective hydrogenation reaction. The surface-modified Ru catalyst operated stably for more than 600 h on an industrial production line.
Modified codewords design for space–time block coded spatial modulation
Authors: Hua Yuhao , Zhao Guannan , Zhao Wenjing , Jin Minglu
Published: October 2016

Two kinds of modified codewords for space–time block coded spatial modulation (STBC‐SM) are presented in this study. The first modified codeword introduces a concept of flexible coefficients into the M‐ary phase shift keying STBC‐SM. A method is proposed to obtain the optimal flexible coefficients. Moreover, the first modified codewords can also be applied to the systems developed from the STBC‐SM. In the second provided codewords, super‐orthogonal space–time trellis codes are applied in STBC‐SM. Therefore, a higher spectral efficiency is obtained compared with the original STBC‐SM. Finally, the simulation results and theoretical analysis demonstrate these performance advantages of the two kinds of modified codewords for STBC‐SM.
Mixture design of experiments on portfolio optimisation of power generation
Authors: Monticeli André Rodrigues , Balestrassi Pedro Paulo , Zambroni de Souza Antonio C. , Leme Rafael Coradi , de Paiva Anderson Paulo
Published: October 2016

A methodology for obtaining an optimal portfolio for the generation of electricity at the lowest cost and risk is proposed. This methodology uses a mixture design of experiments (MDEs) as a strategy for building nonlinear models of risk and cost in portfolio optimisation for the generation of electricity. The result is compared with the traditional theory of Markowitz mean–variance (MVP). The following characteristics are also presented in this study: the seasonality and volatility of the time series were manipulated using moving windows and computational replicas in MDE; desirability functions were used to optimise multiple variables, leading to lower cost and risk; Shannon entropy index was used to handle better portfolio diversification. A case study based on the energy market of the state of California was used to illustrate the proposal. The results show that this methodology facilitates decision making.
Electro‐thermal dynamic model using the analytical arc parameters for the prediction of the critical flashover condition on the HVDC polluted insulator
Authors: Hadjrioua Farid , Mahi Djillali , Slama Mohammed El‐Amine
Published: October 2016

This study presents the improved flashover dynamic model based on both, impedance criterion for the discharge propagation and energy balance criterion for estimating the discharge elongation. One main contribution is to study the electro‐thermal model of flashover polluted insulators in DC case enabling to predict the instantaneous changes of the discharge characteristics such as leakage current, discharge temperature, arc resistance and the temporal evolution of their analytics parameters (A, N). To demonstrate the efficiency of the developed model, the authors applied it for flat plat insulators polluted only with NaCl and with mixed pollution (NaCl with insoluble materials). The recommended dynamic approach includes directly the temperature in the dynamic study of the flashover phenomenon since it is an essential parameter involved in the development of the discharge which has not been treated in the earlier studies for dynamic model. Of particular interest, it is important to note that both critical electrical parameters current (Icr) and voltage (Vcr) calculated using the presented model are in good agreement with those of the experimental one.
Benefits and performance of IEC 61850 Generic Object Oriented Substation Event‐based communication in arc protection
Authors: Kumpulainen Lauri , Jäntti Anssi , Rintala Juha , Kauhaniemi Kimmo
Published: October 2016

Internal arc fault in switchgear is an especially challenging fault type. High‐power faults may lead to a serious hazard to personnel, significant damage to equipment, and extensive system outage. As the nature of arc faults is explosive, very fast protection is required. This study first presents a state‐of‐the‐art technology for effective arc protection and then focuses on communication in arc‐flash protection systems. Developments based on IEC 61850 Generic Object Oriented Substation Event communication are introduced including verification of the performance of the new system architecture.
Fuse relay adaptive overcurrent protection scheme for microgrid with distributed generators
Authors: Piesciorovsky Emilio C. , Schulz Noel N.
Published: October 2016

Utilities have installed distributed generators to improve reliability of the power distribution system. Distributed generators at various sites provide additional circuit paths in case energy provision to the end user is interrupted by a blackout or equipment failure. When the microgrid is working on island and grid‐connected modes, overcurrent protections in power lines must be adjusted to different distributed generator circuit paths and feeder fuses in the microgrid. This study presents an adaptive overcurrent protection that integrates technical and economic advantages of fuses and relays in a microgrid with distributed generators. This fuse relay adaptive overcurrent protection (FRAOP) scheme protects power lines and feeders by grouping identical inverse time overcurrent settings of relays, and logic gates of relay's breakers. Selectivity, reliability, and speed of the FRAOP was verified by a real‐time simulator with relays in‐the‐loop.
Corrections volumétriques du visage par implants en titane
microporeux
Authors: Charrier Jean-Baptiste , Moreau Nathan
Published: October 2016

Introduction : La symétrie faciale a longtemps été un objectif majeur de la
chirurgie orthognathique. Les patients présentant une asymétrie faciale prononcée
souhaitent retrouver une occlusion fonctionnelle, mais également améliorer leur esthétique
faciale. À ce titre, différentes thérapeutiques chirurgicales ont été proposées pour
permettre des corrections volumétriques du visage. Matériels et méthodes : À
travers un cas clinique et une revue de la littérature, cet article explore l’utilisation
d’implants alloplastiques en titane microporeux dans les corrections volumétriques du
visage. Résultats : Il n’existe à ce jour que peu de données dans la
littérature relatives à l’utilisation des implants alloplastiques en titane microporeux
pour les corrections volumétriques du visage, ces implants étant principalement utilisés
dans la reconstruction cranio-faciale de défauts osseux post-traumatiques ou
post-chirurgicaux. Discussion : Les avantages et inconvénients respectifs de
ces implants sont discutés, ainsi que l’intérêt de cette technique chirurgicale en
pratique de chirurgie orthognathique.
Croissance et implants dentaires : évaluation et prévention du risque esthétique
Authors: Bousquet Philippe , Ansermino Hélène , Canal Pierre , Renaud Matthieu , Artz Christèle
Published: October 2016

L’utilisation d’implant en remplacement d’une dent est une technique bien connue à ce jour. Cependant, le praticien doit garder à l’esprit que les implants ostéointégrés se comportent comme des dents ankylosées, et que leur évolution ne suit pas les procès alvéolaires des dents adjacentes au cours de la croissance. Cette croissance diminue après 20 ans, mais reste présente. Ceci peut conduire à une infraposition des implants préjudiciable fonctionnellement et esthétiquement. Les facteurs de risque, tels que l’âge du patient, le type facial et le sexe, doivent être évalués. Le positionnement plus palatin de l’implant et l’utilisation de prothèses trans-vissées peuvent permettre une compensation de cette infraclusion au cours des années de vieillissement.
Dysfonction de l’appareil manducateur : apport de la prise en
charge rééducative
Authors: Breton-Torres Isabelle , Serre Manon , Jammet Patrick , Yachouh Jacques
Published: October 2016

Introduction : L’articulation temporo-mandibulaire est une articulation
hautement adaptative : les dysfonctions de l’appareil manducateur (DAM) surviennent quand
ses capacités d’adaptation sont dépassées. Les étiologies occlusales ont longtemps été
incriminées comme seules responsables, il existe actuellement un consensus pour minimiser
leur implication. Il est désormais admis que les DAM sont des pathologies d’étiologie
multfactorielle, conjuguant problèmes d’occlusion, para-fonctions, troubles de posture,
dyspraxies oro-faciales et stress. Matériels et méthodes : À travers cet
article, les auteurs présentent l’apport de la kinésithérapie dans la prise en charge de
ces pathologies. Résultats : Si le traitement de la symptomatologie reste
nécessaire à l’éviction de la douleur, il est toutefois fondamental, pour mieux traiter,
d’identifier les mécanismes pathogènes. La prise en charge rééducative propose donc une
stratégie kinésithérapique apportant une réponse étiologique : en rééduquant la fonction,
elle pérennise les résultats obtenus. Discussion : Le caractère
plurifactoriel des étiologies des DAM fait, à ce titre, de la rééducation maxillo-faciale
l’alliée incontournable de l’odontologiste ou de l’orthodontiste dans leur prise en charge
pluri-disciplinaire.
Heterogeneous nucleation from a supercooled ionic liquid on a carbon surface
Authors: He Xiaoxia , Shen Yan , Hung Francisco R. , Santiso Erik E.
Published: October 2016

Classical molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the nucleation of the crystal phase of the ionic liquid [dmim+][Cl−] from its supercooled liquid phase, both in the bulk and in contact with a graphitic surface of D = 3 nm. By combining the string method in collective variables [Maragliano et al., J. Chem. Phys. 125, 024106 (2006)], with Markovian milestoning with Voronoi tessellations [Maragliano et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput. 5, 2589–2594 (2009)] and order parameters for molecular crystals [Santiso and Trout, J. Chem. Phys. 134, 064109 (2011)], we computed minimum free energy paths, the approximate size of the critical nucleus, the free energy barrier, and the rates involved in these nucleation processes. For homogeneous nucleation, the subcooled liquid phase has to overcome a free energy barrier of ∼85 kcal/mol to form a critical nucleus of size ∼3.6 nm, which then grows into the monoclinic crystal phase. This free energy barrier becomes about 42% smaller (∼49 kcal/mol) when the subcooled liquid phase is in contact with a graphitic disk, and the critical nucleus formed is about 17% smaller (∼3.0 nm) than the one observed for homogeneous nucleation. The crystal formed in the heterogeneous nucleation scenario has a structure that is similar to that of the bulk crystal, with the exception of the layers of ions next to the graphene surface, which have larger local density and the cations lie with their imidazolium rings parallel to the graphitic surface. The critical nucleus forms near the graphene surface separated only by these layers of ions. The heterogeneous nucleation rate (∼4.8 × 1011 cm−3 s−1) is about one order of magnitude faster than the homogeneous rate (∼6.6 × 1010 cm−3 s−1). The computed free energy barriers and nucleation rates are in reasonable agreement with experimental and simulation values obtained for the homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation of other systems (ice, urea, Lennard-Jones spheres, and oxide glasses).
Nature of the cubic to tetragonal phase transition in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite
Authors: Saidi Wissam A. , Choi Joshua J.
Published: October 2016

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites, as well as the perovskites in general, are known for their phase complexity evidenced by the stabilization of different polymorphs, and thus an understanding of their regions of stability and transitions can be important for their photovoltaic and optoelectronic technologies. Here we use a multiscale approach based on first-principles calculations with van der Waals corrections and classical force-field molecular dynamics to determine the finite-temperature properties of the tetragonal and cubic phases of CH3NH3PbI3. Temperature effects are implicitly included using the quasi-harmonic approximation that can describe anharmonic behavior due to thermal expansion through the dependence of the harmonic frequencies on structural parameters. Our finite-temperature free-energy surfaces predict the lattice and elastic moduli evolution with temperature, and show in particular that the calculated lattice parameters of the cubic and tetragonal phases are to within 1% of experimental values. Further, our results show that the phonons are the major contributing factor for stabilizing the cubic phase at high temperatures mainly due to the low-energy phonon modes that are associated with the inorganic lattice. On the other hand, the configurational entropy due to CH3NH3+ rotational degrees of freedom is slightly more favored in the cubic phase and amounts to less than 0.2% of the T = 0 K free-energy difference between the two phases.
Effect of the radial plasma nonuniformity on the propagation of guided m=+1 and m=−1 modes in helicon discharges
Authors: Aliev Yu. M. , Krämer M.
Published: October 2016

Theoretical as well as numerical analyses of the full set of Maxwell's equations is carried out to study non-axisymmetric (m≠  0) guided modes in radially nonuniform helicon (HE) discharges. Unlike the axisymmetric (m = 0) modes, these modes reveal a non-reciprocal behavior with respect to the azimuthal direction. We develop the conditions for propagation and non-propagation of the various modes in the helicon parameter range, thereby focussing on the important role of the radial density gradient. Three types of modes occurring in different parameter ranges are described, i.e., the helicon (HE) mode, the electrostatic (ES) or Trivelpiece-Gould mode, and the locally coupled (LC) mode that is characterized by mode coupling (MC) in a certain region of the plasma density profile. In contrast to m=+1 modes, the parameter range of m=−1 modes is much more restricted as rather high densities are needed for the propagation of the helicon and LC modes. An important issue of the investigations is the rf power coupling and absorption via the various modes. Computations based on a simple antenna-plasma model show that the axial wavenumber of the antenna determines decisively which type of mode is excited. In case of LC mode excitation, the dominant role of the MC layer for the absorption is demonstrated. Finally, the rf power coupling to helicon modes is studied. The density limit for m=−1 helicon mode propagation and the narrow magnetic field profiles of these modes are the main reasons why the rf power absorption in helicon discharges occurs via m=+1 helicon modes.
Europium gallium garnet (Eu3Ga5O12) and Eu3GaO6: Synthesis and material properties
Authors: Sawada Kenji , Nakamura Toshihiro , Adachi Sadao
Published: October 2016

Eu−Ga−O ternary compounds were synthesized from a mixture of cubic (c-) Eu2O3 and monoclinic Ga2O3 (β-Ga2O3) raw powders using the solid-state reaction method by calcination at Tc = 1200 °C. The structural and optical properties of the Eu−Ga−O ternary compounds were investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis, photoluminescence (PL) analysis, PL excitation (PLE) spectroscopy, and Raman scattering measurements. Stoichiometric compounds such as cubic Eu3Ga5O12 (EGG) and orthorhombic Eu3GaO6 were synthesized using molar ratios of x = 0.375 and 0.75 [x≡Eu2O3/(Eu2O3 + Ga2O3)], respectively, together with the end-point binary compounds β-Ga2O3 (x = 0) and monoclinic (m-) Eu2O3 (x = 1.0). The structural change from “cubic” to “monoclinic” in Eu2O3 is due to the structural phase transition occurring at Tc ≥ 1050 °C. In principle, the perovskite-type EuGaO3 and monoclinic Eu4Ga2O9 can also be synthesized at x = 0.5 and 0.667, respectively; however, such stoichiometric compounds could not be synthesized in this study. The PL and PLE properties of EGG and Eu3GaO6 were studied in detail. The temperature dependence of the PL spectra was observed through measurements carried out between T = 20 and 300 K and explained using a newly developed model. Raman scattering measurements were also performed on the Eu−Ga−O ternary systems over the entire composition range from x = 0 (β-Ga2O3) to 1.0 (m-Eu2O3).
Vertical wicking tester for monitoring water transportation behavior in fibrous assembly
Authors: Singh Pratibha , Chatterjee Arobindo , Ghosh Subrata
Published: October 2016

An instrument based on the principle of change of resistance of fibrous assembly on wetting has been developed for precise monitoring of the water transportation behaviour in the fibrous assemblies. The conducting probes sense the change in resistance of a dry fibrous assembly on wetting. This change in resistance generates analog signals which trigger an amplifying circuit. This circuit produces an enlarged copy of the received signals which are further converted to digital signals by a Darlington pair and are encoded to measurable quantity with the help of a microcontroller. The data thus obtained are displayed on a suitable display device. Comparison between conventional strip test and experimental results obtained by the developed instrument shows its reliability. The developed instrument measures the initial rate of water transport with increased precision and hence could be used for detailed study of fluid flow in the fibrous structure.
Atmospheric-pressure epitaxial growth technique of a multiple quantum well by mist chemical vapor deposition based on Leidenfrost droplets
Authors: Kawaharamura Toshiyuki , Dang Giang T. , Nitta Noriko
Published: October 2016

A multiple quantum well α-Fe2O3/α-Ga2O3 with parallel and coherent formation of uniform and highly single-crystalline layers on a sapphire substrate has been fabricated by open-air atmospheric-pressure solution-processed mist chemical vapor deposition (Mist CVD). This report demonstrates that complicated structures with atomic-level control can be fabricated even in non-vacuum conditions by the Mist CVD. This can be achieved via the precise control of the precursor flow and ambient temperature combined with the formation of mist droplets of the special Leidenfrost state, which increased the atomic migration length by 108 times more than that of traditional vacuum techniques. This work could be a milestone in the transformation from vacuum to non-vacuum thin film deposition techniques towards a green and sustainable industry.
Large magnetoresistance of insulating silicon films with superconducting nanoprecipitates
Authors: Heera V. , Fiedler J. , Skorupa W.
Published: October 2016

We report on large negative and positive magnetoresistance in inhomogeneous, insulating Si:Ga films below a critical temperature of about 7 K. The magnetoresistance effect exceeds 300 % at temperatures below 3 K and fields of 8 T. The comparison of the transport properties of superconducting samples with that of insulating ones reveals that the large magnetoresistance is associated with the appearance of local superconductivity. A simple phenomenological model based on localized Cooper pairs and hopping quasiparticles is able to describe the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the sheet resistance of such films.
Aluminium-inhibited NO3– uptake is related to Al-increased H2O2 content and Al-decreased plasma membrane ATPase activity in the root tips of Al-sensitive black soybean
Authors: Yang Dan , Chen Dongjie , Wang Ping , Jiang Daihua , Xu Huini , Pang Xiaolu , Chen Limei , Yu Yongxiong , Li Kunzhi
Published: October 2016

In this study, Al-sensitive black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) specimens were treated in Hoagland solutions containing 50–400 µM Al for 1–4 days. The measurement for NO3– uptake showed that the NO3– uptake decreased gradually as the Al concentration and treatment time increased, suggesting that Al stress significantly reduced the NO3– uptake by soybean. Under 100-µM Al stress for 4 days, the plasma membrane (PM) ATPase activity (inorganic phosphate (Pi) release), H+ pump activity, phosphorylation of PM ATPase and its interaction with 14-3-3 protein in soybean root tips were all smaller than those in the root tips of control plants. The addition of 150 µM Mg2+ in Al treatment solutions significantly alleviated the Al inhibition of NO3– uptake in soybean. The presence of Mg2+ in a 100-µM Al solution pronouncedly enhanced PM ATPase activity, H+ pump activity, phosphorylation of PM ATPase and its interaction with 14-3-3 protein in soybean root tips. The application of 2 mM ascorbic acid (AsA, an H2O2 scavenger) in Al treatment solutions significantly decreased Al-inhibited NO3– uptake in soybean. The cotreatment of soybeans with 2 mM AsA and 100 µM Al significantly reduced H2O2 accumulation and increased the PM ATPase activity, H+ pump activity, phosphorylation of PM H+-ATPase and its interaction with 14-3-3 protein in soybean root tips. The evidence suggested that Al-inhibited NO3– uptake is related to Al-increased H2O2 content and Al-decreased phosphorylation of PM ATPase and its interaction with 14-3-3 protein as well as PM ATPase activity in the root tips of soybean.