bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mixed Methods Research in the Study of Political and Social Violence and Conflict
Authors: Thaler Kai M.
Published: May 2015

The study of political and social violence and conflict has expanded in recent decades, concurrent with a rise in the use of mixed methods research (MMR) throughout the social sciences. This article examines how methods are best integrated in studies of violence and conflict, critically reviewing examples from previous prominent works and suggesting directions for future research. I explore the benefits of MMR for understanding structures, agency, and processes related to violence and conflict, and the opportunity MMR offers to influence a broader academic and policy audience. MMR can improve the accordance of theories and empirical studies with the complexities of social reality and enhance understanding of the causes, consequences, and potential remedies of violence and conflict.
Clinical and angiographic outcomes of stent-assisted coiling of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Ghinda Diana , dos Santos Marlise Peruzzo , Sabri Armin , Iancu Daniela , Lum Cheemun , Lesiuk Howard J
Published: May 2015

Background

Despite the increasing use of stent-assisted coiling (SAC), data on its long-term clinical and angiographic results are limited.

Objective

The objective of this article is to assess the long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes in SAC in our single-center practice.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of intracranial aneurysms treated with detachable coils during the period 2003–2012. Patients were divided into SAC and non-SAC groups and were analyzed for aneurysm occlusion, major recurrence and clinical outcome. Logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with clinical/angiographic outcomes ( p value <0.05 was statistically significant).

Results

A total of 516 procedures met inclusion criteria: Sixty-three (12.2%) patients underwent SAC, of whom 56 (89%) had an elective procedure whereas 286 (63.1%) aneurysms from the non-SAC group were ruptured. In the unruptured subcohort, baseline class I was achieved in 24 (38%, p = 0.91), and predischarge modified Rankin scale score (mRS) 0–2 was obtained in 96.4% of cases in the SAC group versus 90.4% in the non-stent group. The major recurrence was 9.5% versus 11.3% in the SAC and non-SAC group, respectively ( p = 0.003). At last clinical assessment, 98.2% of the patients from the unruptured SAC group had mRS 0–2 (mean follow-up, 58 months) versus 93.6% (mean follow-up, 56 months) in the unruptured non-SAC group ( p = 0.64). Periprocedural vasospasm was associated with long-term poor outcome in the unruptured SAC subcohort ( p = 0.0008).

Conclusions

SAC and non-SCA techniques show comparable safety and clinical outcome. The SAC technique significantly decreases retreatment rates. Periprocedural vasospasm resulting from vessel manipulation is associated with poor outcome in SAC of unruptured aneurysms.
Parent artery occlusion for ruptured “true” posterior communicating artery aneurysm
Authors: Mitsuhashi Takashi , Takeda Nobuaki , Oishi Hidenori , Arai Hajime
Published: May 2015

A case of a patient with a ruptured true posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysm is reported, who had been managed by early endovascular parent artery occlusion with coils. The small blister aneurysm was located at the proximal PCoA itself and directed superiorly. Postoperative course was uneventful. During 1-month follow-up, the patient recovered well and could care for herself. Aneurysms of the PCoA itself are very rare. As reported to date, surgical procedures would favor microsurgical clipping over endovascular coil embolization. Endovascular treatment may be a good alternative to surgical trapping for true PCoA blister aneurysm.
Constructing the GFC: Australian banking leaders during the financial ‘crisis’
Authors: Liu Helena
Published: May 2015

Mainstream accounts of the global financial crisis (GFC) have treated the ‘crisis’ as fixed and given with the role of leadership as paramount. Through the intertextual reading of media texts and interviews with banking leaders, this article in contrast demonstrates the dynamic, discursively constructed nature of leadership during the GFC. Despite the relative buoyancy of the local economy and strong performance of the major banks in Australia, the findings show how some banking chief executive officers were able to exploit the GFC by co-constructing with the media vivid, compelling narratives of their leadership in delivering their banks from ‘crisis’. Although banking leaders conveyed via interviews an intractable, unpredictable view of the crisis and their adoption of more reactive approaches to the GFC, this study suggests that the media played a powerful role in enforcing a separation between ‘front stage’ and ‘back stage’ leadership performances. The article concludes that the vivid metaphors of crisis leadership lauded in the media served to reinforce the romance of leadership and potentially elide considerations of banking reform in the aftermath of the GFC.
Learning Welshness: Does the Curriculum Cymreig positively affect pupils’ orientations to Wales and Welshness?
Authors: Smith Kevin
Published: May 2015

This article explores the possible affect schooling has on pupils’ orientations to cultural and national identity in Wales. The Curriculum Cymreig is a distinctive feature of the national curriculum of Wales that has important ramifications regarding the enactment of citizenship education in Welsh schools. Under this initiative, schools in Wales are required to incorporate Welsh themes, when appropriate, throughout all dimensions of the pupils’ schooling experience in order to instil within pupils a sense of community and belonging. Two of the primary goals of the Curriculum Cymreig are (1) to help pupils appreciate the distinctive quality of living and learning in Wales and (2) to help pupils develop their own sense of Welshness. Less than 40% of the pupils surveyed in our research agreed that school helped them appreciate living in Wales or develop their own sense of Welshness. These results call into question the effectiveness of the Curriculum Cymreig in meeting its goals and its role for promoting Welshness as a component of citizenship education in Wales. Recommendations in this article are made for the reconceptualisation of the philosophical rationale undergirding citizenship education in Wales for the development of a more critically oriented and socially just curriculum.
Psoriatic arthritis: latest treatments and their place in therapy
Authors: Kang Eun Jin , Kavanaugh Arthur
Published: May 2015

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disease that may affect peripheral and axial joints, entheses, skin and nails, and other organs. Treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroid and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs had been the backbone of traditional management of PsA for many years. However, improvement in our understanding of immunopathogenesis of PsA has led to new immunomodulatory therapies. Introduction of novel agents has raised the bar for treatment and helped drive research into additional therapeutic options.
An unusual presentation of a vesicouterine fistula
Authors: Floyd MS , Abbas G , Connolly S , Gana HB , McCabe JE
Published: May 2015

A 26-year-old female presented with a history of cyclical incontinence following a ventouse assisted delivery. Initial investigations revealed an endometrial deposit in her bladder, which following further investigations revealed a vesicouterine fistula necessitating formal open repair.
The complications of laparoscopic renal surgery: A review of 10 years of audit data in the UK
Authors: Henderson John M , Fabricius Michael J , Fowler Sarah , Keeley Francis X , Dickinson Andrew
Published: May 2015

Objective:

To report the complications of laparoscopic renal surgery from the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) database over ten years.

Patients and methods:

All entries for laparoscopic renal surgery between 2002 and 2012 were included for analysis. Data was refined, collated and presented in graphical or tabular form. The primary outcome measures were intra-operative, post-operative and overall complications rates. Secondary outcome measures were length of stay, conversion to open surgery and operative time.

Results:

A total of 16,869 cases were included for analysis. The overall complication rate was 14.7%, with intra-operative complications reported for 3.5% of procedures and post-operative complications reported for 12.1% of procedures. The overall complication rate decreased throughout the audit period, from 16.6% in 2002 to 15.1% in 2012. The capture rate is estimated at 30% and the group of surgeons motivated to self-report may not be representative of the whole group. Comparison with other series is difficult due to a lack of a standardized reporting format.

Conclusion:

This is the largest surgeon-reported series of laparoscopic renal surgery to date. There is an inherent bias in self-reported data which limits the conclusions that can be drawn, although the safe introduction of this technique and the continuing improvement in complication rates are suggested.
Updated data on institutions and elections 1960–2012: presenting the IAEP dataset version 2.0
Authors: Wig Tore , Hegre Håvard , Regan Patrick M.
Published: May 2015

This article presents an updated version of the Institutions and Elections Project (IAEP) dataset. The dataset comprises information on 107 de jure institutional provisions, and 16 variables related to electoral procedures and electoral events, for 170 countries in the period 1960–2012. The dataset is one of the most encompassing datasets on global institutional variation that explicitly codes de jure formal institutions. This article presents the dataset and compares it with existing datasets on political institutions, highlighting how the IAEP’s focus on disaggregated de jure institutions complements existing datasets that combine de facto and de jure elements. We illustrate the potential uses of the data by constructing indices that capture institutional dimensions beyond the standard democracy–autocracy dimension, and that represent different ways of using the data for index construction. Finally, we illustrate potential applications by conducting a short replication and expansion of a recent study of democracy and civil war onset.
Socioeconomic status and corruption perceptions around the world
Authors: Maeda Kentaro , Ziegfeld Adam
Published: May 2015

Why do citizens vary in their perceptions about the frequency of corruption? We hypothesize that those most harmed by corruption—the socioeconomically disadvantaged—should perceive corruption to be more frequent. Using multiple cross-national surveys, we find that the poor and the uneducated tend to perceive higher levels of corruption than the wealthy and the well educated. However, this relationship only holds in countries at high levels of economic development. In poorer countries, the statistical relationship is much weaker and sometimes runs in the opposite direction.
Mesh for prolapse surgery: Why the fuss?
Authors: Rajshekhar Smita , Mukhopadhyay Sambit , Klinge Uwe
Published: May 2015

Pelvic organ prolapse is a common gynaecological problem. Surgical techniques to repair prolapse have been constantly evolving to reduce the recurrence of prolapse and need for reoperation. Grafts made of synthetic and biological materials became popular in the last decade as they were intended to provide extra support to native tissue repairs. However, serious complications related to use of synthetic meshes have been reported and there is increasing medico-legal concern about mesh use in prolapse surgery. Some mesh products already have been withdrawn from the market and the FDA has introduced stricter surveillance of new and existing products. Large randomized studies comparing mesh with non-mesh procedures are lacking which creates uncertainty for the surgeon and their patients.

The small cohorts of the RCTs available with short follow-up periods just allow the conclusion that the mesh repair can be helpful in the short to medium term but unfortunately are not able to prove safety for all patients. In particular, current clinical reports cannot define for which indication what material may be superior compared to non-mesh repair.

Quality control through long-term individual and national mesh registries is needed to keep a record of all surgeons using mesh and all devices being used, monitoring their effectiveness and safety data. Meshes with better biocompatibility designed specifically for use in vaginal surgery may provide superior clinical results, where the reduction of complications may allow a wider range of indications.
Adoption of geodemographic and ethno-cultural taxonomies for analysing Big Data
Authors: Webber Richard James , Butler Tim , Phillips Trevor
Published: May 2015

This paper is intended to contribute to the discussion of the differential level of adoption of Big Data among research communities. Recognising the impracticality of conducting an audit across all forms and uses of Big Data, we have restricted our enquiry to one very specific form of Big Data, namely general purpose taxonomies, of which Mosaic, Acorn and Origins are examples, that rely on data from a variety of Big Data feeds. The intention of these taxonomies is to enable the records of consumers and citizens held on Big Data datasets to be coded according to type of residential neighbourhood or ethno-cultural heritage without any use of questionnaires. Based on our respective experience in the academic social sciences, in government and in the design and marketing of these taxonomies, we identify the features of these classifications which appear to render them attractive or problematic to different categories of potential user or researcher depending on how the relationship is conceived. We conclude by identifying seven classifications of user or potential user who, on account of their background, current position and future career expectations, tend to respond in different ways to the opportunity to adopt these generic systems as aids for understanding social processes.
The Effect of Viola odorata Flower Syrup on the Cough of Children With Asthma
Authors: Qasemzadeh Mohammad Javad , Sharifi Hosein , Hamedanian Mohammad , Gharehbeglou Mohammad , Heydari Mojtaba , Sardari Mehdi , Akhlaghdoust Meisam , Minae Mohammad Bagher
Published: May 2015

This study aimed to investigate the effect of violet syrup on cough alleviation in children with intermittent asthma. In a parallel, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 182 children aged 2 to 12 years with intermittent asthma were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive violet syrup or placebo along with the common standard treatments in both groups (short-acting β-agonist). Both groups were evaluated in terms of the duration until cough suppression was achieved. No significant difference was observed in basic characteristics. The duration lasting to yield more than 50% cough reduction and 100% cough suppression was significantly less in the violet syrup group compared to placebo ( P = .001, P < .001, respectively). There was no significant difference in therapeutic effects between boys and girls. There was a significant inverse correlation between the age of children and rate of cough alleviation and suppression by violet syrup. This study showed that the adjuvant use of violet syrup with short-acting β-agonist can enhance the cough suppression in children with intermittent asthma.
Disability Self-Categorization in Emerging Adults
Authors: Chalk Holly McCartney
Published: May 2015

This study examines whether self-esteem, perceived esteem, and attainment of markers of adulthood differ based on disability self-identification and mindfulness in emerging adults with disability. Given that mindfulness involves enhanced consideration of alternative perspectives, mindfulness was expected to correlate positively with self-esteem, particularly for those self-identifying as “disabled.” Emerging adults ( N = 1,353) completed measures of self-esteem, perceived esteem, markers of adulthood, mindfulness, and disability status. Respondents who experience a disabling impairment but did not self-identify as disabled reported lower self-esteem and perceived esteem than those with no disability. Mindfulness was positively associated with self-esteem in all groups, with the strongest relationship in those who self-identified as disabled. Findings suggest that embracing one’s disability may be protective against the stressful effects of this marginalized identity. Clinicians should encourage individuals with disability to cultivate mindfulness skills, as they are associated with positive outcomes for this population.
Thermodynamic analysis of processability of Mg–Al–Zn–Mn alloys for rheocasting
Authors: Guo H. -M. , Wen F. -M. , Yang X. -J. , Jin H. -L. , Zhang A. -S.
Published: May 2015

A two-stage thermodynamic calculation procedure was developed to analyse alloy compositions for rheocasting. Based on Kazakov's criteria, the processability of AZ91, AZ61 and AM60B for rheocasting was investigated. The results show that these alloys do not satisfy selected criteria fully, and only AZ91 is possible to be used for rheocasting with semisolid slurry having lower fraction solid (0.2–0.4). In microstructure produced by rheocasting, the β-Mg17Al12 phase forms continuous network along primary α-Mg gain boundary and is concentrated in this limited contiguous space. The routes to modify and optimise alloy composition were proposed.
AMC 048: modified CODOX-M/IVAC-rituximab is safe and effective for HIV-associated Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Noy Ariela , Lee Jeannette Y. , Cesarman Ethel , Ambinder Richard , Baiocchi Robert , Reid Erin , Ratner Lee , Wagner-Johnston Nina , Kaplan Lawrence
Published: May 2015

Key Points

We report the first dedicated prospective study in HIV-Burkitt lymphoma demonstrating safety and efficacy in a multi-institutional setting. We offer a new therapeutic option by modifying an existing regimen and making it much less toxic.
SF3B1 mutation identifies a distinct subset of myelodysplastic syndrome with ring sideroblasts
Authors: Malcovati Luca , Karimi Mohsen , Papaemmanuil Elli , Ambaglio Ilaria , Jädersten Martin , Jansson Monika , Elena Chiara , Gallì Anna , Walldin Gunilla , Della Porta Matteo G. , Raaschou-Jensen Klas , Travaglino Erica , Kallenbach Klaus , Pietra Daniela , Ljungström Viktor , Conte Simona , Boveri Emanuela , Invernizzi Rosangela , Rosenquist Richard , Campbell Peter J. , Cazzola Mario , Hellström Lindberg Eva
Published: May 2015

Key Points

In MDS with ring sideroblasts, SF3B1 mutation defines a homogeneous subgroup with isolated erythroid dysplasia and favorable prognosis. MDS with ring sideroblasts and wild-type SF3B1 is mainly characterized by multilineage dysplasia and unfavorable prognosis.
Sodium Channel Nav1.7 in Vascular Myocytes, Endothelium, and Innervating Axons in Human Skin
Authors: Rice Frank L , Albrecht Phillip J , Wymer James P , Black Joel A , Merkies Ingemar SJ , Faber Catharina G , Waxman Stephen G
Published: May 2015

Background

The skin is a morphologically complex organ that serves multiple complementary functions, including an important role in thermoregulation, which is mediated by a rich vasculature that is innervated by sympathetic and sensory endings. Two autosomal dominant disorders characterized by episodes of severe pain, inherited erythromelalgia (IEM) and paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD) have been directly linked to mutations that enhance the function of sodium channel Nav1.7. Pain attacks are accompanied by reddening of the skin in both disorders. Nav1.7 is known to be expressed at relatively high levels within both dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and sympathetic ganglion neurons, and mutations that enhance the activity of Nav1.7 have been shown to have profound effects on the excitability of both cell-types, suggesting that dysfunction of sympathetic and/or sensory fibers, which release vasoactive peptides at skin vasculature, may contribute to skin reddening in IEM and PEPD.

Results

In the present study, we demonstrate that smooth muscle cells of cutaneous arterioles and arteriole-venule shunts (AVS) in the skin express sodium channel Nav1.7. Moreover, Nav1.7 is expressed by endothelial cells lining the arterioles and AVS and by sensory and sympathetic fibers innervating these vascular elements.

Conclusions

These observations suggest that the activity of mutant Nav1.7 channels in smooth muscle cells of skin vasculature and innervating sensory and sympathetic fibers contribute to the skin reddening and/or pain in IEM and PEPD.
The prevalence of clinically diagnosed ankylosing spondylitis and its clinical manifestations: a nationwide register study
Authors: Exarchou Sofia , Lindström Ulf , Askling Johan , Eriksson Jonas K , Forsblad-d’Elia Helena , Neovius Martin , Turesson Carl , Kristensen Lars Erik , Jacobsson Lennart TH
Published: May 2015

Introduction

Prevalence estimates of ankylosing spondylitis vary considerably, and there are few nationwide estimates. The present study aimed to describe the national prevalence of clinically diagnosed ankylosing spondylitis in Sweden, stratified according to age, sex, geographical, and socio-economic factors, and according to subgroups with ankylosing spondylitis-related clinical manifestations and pharmacological treatment.

Methods

All individuals diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis according to the World Health Organization International Classification of Disease codes, between 1967 and 2009, were identified from the National Patient Register. Data regarding disease manifestations, patient demographics, level of education, pharmacological treatment, and geographical region were retrieved from the National Patient Register and other national registers.

Results

A total of 11,030 cases with an ankylosing spondylitis diagnosis (alive, living in Sweden, and 16 to 64 years old in December 2009) were identified in the National Patient Register, giving a point prevalence of 0.18% in 2009. The prevalence was higher in northern Sweden, and lower in those with a higher level of education. Men had a higher prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis (0.23% versus 0.14%, P < 0.001), a higher frequency of anterior uveitis (25.5% versus 20.0%, P < 0.001) and were more likely to receive tumor necrosis factor inhibitors than women (15.6% versus 11.8% in 2009, P < 0.001). Women were more likely than men to have peripheral arthritis (21.7% versus 15.3%, P < 0.001), psoriasis (8.0% versus 6.9%, P = 0.03), and treatment with oral corticosteroids (14.0% versus 10.4% in 2009, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

This nationwide, register-based study demonstrated a prevalence of clinically diagnosed ankylosing spondylitis of 0.18%. It revealed phenotypical and treatment differences between the sexes, as well as geographical and socio-economic differences in disease prevalence.
Lithium in drinking water and suicide mortality: Interplay with lithium prescriptions
Authors: Helbich Marco , Leitner Michael , Kapusta Nestor D.
Published: May 2015

Background

Little is known about the effects of lithium intake through drinking water on suicide. This intake originates either from natural rock and soil elution and/or accumulation of lithium-based pharmaceuticals in ground water.

Aims

To examine the interplay between natural lithium in drinking water, prescribed lithium-based pharmaceuticals and suicide in Austria.

Method

Spatial Bayesian regressions for males, females and pooled suicide mortality rates were estimated.

Results

Although the expected inverse association between lithium levels in drinking water and suicide mortality was confirmed for males and for total suicide rates, the relationship for females was not significant. The models do not indicate that lithium from prescriptions, assumed to accumulate in drinking water, is related to suicide risk patterns either as an individual effect or as a moderator of lithium levels in drinking water. Gender-specific differences in risk factors and local risk hot spots are confirmed.

Conclusions

The findings do not support the hypotheses that lithium prescriptions have measureable protective effects on suicide or that they interact with lithium in drinking water.
Seismic Performance of Nonductile Reinforced Concrete Frames with Masonry Infill Walls—II: Collapse Assessment
Authors: Sattar Siamak , Liel Abbie B.
Published: May 2015

This paper quantifies the collapse performance of a set of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings that are representative of 1920s-era construction in Los Angeles, California. These buildings have solid clay-brick infill walls and vary in height (2–8 stories), wall configuration (bare, partially, and fully infilled frames), and wall thickness (1–3 wythes). The buildings’ collapse behavior is assessed through dynamic analysis of nonlinear models. These models represent the walls by diagonal struts whose properties are developed from finite-element (FE) analyses, as described in the companion paper, and represent beam-columns with lumped-plasticity models. The results indicate that the presence of infill walls can increase the risk of collapse. The most collapse prone of the buildings considered are those with strong, heavy infill walls, which induce large force demands in the frame elements. The partially infilled frames, which have a soft and weak first story, also perform poorly.
Short-term effect of acute and repeated urinary bladder inflammation on thigmotactic behaviour in the laboratory rat
Authors: Morland Rosemary H , Novejarque Amparo , Huang Wenlong , Wodarski Rachel , Denk Franziska , Dawes John D , Pheby Tim , McMahon Stephen B , Rice Andrew SC
Published: May 2015

Understanding the non-sensory components of the pain experience is crucial to developing effective treatments for pain conditions. Chronic pain is associated with increased incidence of anxio-depressive disorders, and patients often report feelings of vulnerability which can decrease quality of life. In animal models of pain, observation of behaviours such as thigmotaxis can be used to detect such affective disturbances by exploiting the influence of nociceptive stimuli on the innate behavioural conflict between exploration of a novel space and predator avoidance behaviour. This study investigates whether acute and repeated bladder inflammation in adult female Wistar rats increases thigmotactic behaviour in the open field paradigm, and aims to determine whether this correlates with activation in the central amygdala, as measured by c-Fos immunoreactivity. Additionally, up-regulation of inflammatory mediators in the urinary bladder was measured using RT-qPCR array featuring 92 transcripts to examine how local mediators change under experimental conditions. We found acute but not repeated turpentine inflammation of the bladder increased thigmotactic behaviour (decreased frequency of entry to the inner zone) in the open field paradigm, a result that was also observed in the catheter-only instrumentation group. Decreases in locomotor activity were also observed in both models in turpentine and instrumentation groups. No differences were observed in c-Fos activation, although a general increased in activation along the rostro-caudal axis was seen. Inflammatory mediator up-regulation was greatest following acute inflammation, with CCL12, CCL7, and IL-1β significantly up-regulated in both conditions when compared to naïve tissue. These results suggest that acute catheterisation, with or without turpentine inflammation, induces affective alterations detectable in the open field paradigm accompanied by up-regulation of multiple inflammatory mediators.
AGRIS: providing access to agricultural research data exploiting open data on the web
Authors: Celli Fabrizio , Malapela Thembani , Wegner Karna , Subirats Imma , Kokoliou Elena , Keizer Johannes
Published: May 2015

AGRIS is the International System for Agricultural Science and Technology. It is supported by a large community of data providers, partners and users. AGRIS is a database that aggregates bibliographic data, and through this core data, related content across online information systems is retrieved by taking advantage of Semantic Web capabilities. AGRIS is a global public good and its vision is to be a responsive service to its user needs by facilitating contributions and feedback regarding the AGRIS core knowledgebase, AGRIS’s future and its continuous development. Periodic AGRIS e-consultations, partner meetings and user feedback are assimilated to the development of the AGRIS application and content coverage. This paper outlines the current AGRIS technical set-up, its network of partners, data providers and users as well as how AGRIS’s responsiveness to clients’ needs inspires the continuous technical development of the application. The paper concludes by providing a use case of how the AGRIS stakeholder input and the subsequent AGRIS e-consultation results influence the development of the AGRIS application, knowledgebase and service delivery.
Engineering Graphics Course Using Modern Software Systems for Students of Civil Engineering University
Authors: Петухова  , Petukhova Anna
Published: May 2015

We should equip the graduates of technical universities with the most modern knowledge. It is one of the most impor - tant teaching aims. Civil engineer must be able to draw, read drawings, simulate parts, mechanisms, structures, buildings and sites on their computers. This is a great amount of knowledge and a huge range of skills, and their formation requires a gradual transition from drawings using pencil and ruler, through a standard drawing program (such Autodesk AutoCAD and Compass ASCON) to the more complex software systems (AutoCAD, Revit and AutoCAD Civil 3D). The article presents our experience in developing educational programs for undergraduate and specialties. The program is designed for "General construction", "Railway Construction", "Management of the technical condition of the railway track", "Bridges", "Tunnels and Subways", "Industrial and Civil Engineering", "Water supply and sanitation". The system of training is based on a modular principle. The first module "Descriptive Geometry" uses the classic teaching methods. Although it is supplemented by modern visualization tools (electronic posters, presentations, 3D models). The second module "Engineering Graphics" is built with a focus on computer way of doing drawings. At this stage, we form the basic skills of drawing and 3D-modeling. The main goal the next phase of training (course "Computer Graphics") is to form good skills in computer-aided design. In the last stage (course "Software"), we use the most modern software systems using BIM. An integrated approach can effectively reach both local and general educational purposes and creates a base for the formation of core professional competencies engineer.
Evaluation of the foot and ankle outcome score in patients with osteoarthritis of the ankle
Authors: Mani S. B. , Do H. , Vulcano E. , Hogan M. V. , Lyman S. , Deland J. T. , Ellis S. J.
Published: May 2015

The foot and ankle outcome score (FAOS) has been evaluated for many conditions of the foot and ankle. We evaluated its construct validity in 136 patients with osteoarthritis of the ankle, its content validity in 37 patients and its responsiveness in 39. Data were collected prospectively from the registry of patients at our institution.

All FAOS subscales were rated relevant by patients. The Pain, Activities of Daily Living, and Quality of Life subscales showed good correlation with the Physical Component score of the Short-Form-12v2. All subscales except Symptoms were responsive to change after surgery.

We concluded that the FAOS is a weak instrument for evaluating osteoarthritis of the ankle. However, some of the FAOS subscales have relative strengths that allow for its limited use while we continue to seek other satisfactory outcome instruments.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:662–7.
A randomised trial comparing a short and a standard-length metaphyseal engaging cementless femoral stem using radiostereometric analysis
Authors: McCalden R. W. , Korczak A. , Somerville L. , Yuan X. , Naudie D. D.
Published: May 2015

This was a randomised controlled trial studying the safety of a new short metaphyseal fixation (SMF) stem. We hypothesised that it would have similar early clinical results and micromovement to those of a standard-length tapered Synergy metaphyseal fixation stem. Using radiostereometric analysis (RSA) we compared the two stems in 43 patients. A short metaphyseal fixation stem was used in 22 patients and a Synergy stem in 21 patients. No difference was found in the clinical outcomes pre- or post-operatively between groups. RSA showed no significant differences two years post-operatively in mean micromovement between the two stems (except for varus/valgus tilt at p = 0.05) (subsidence 0.94 mm (sd 1.71) vs 0.32 mm (sd 0.45), p = 0.66; rotation 0.96° (sd 1.49) vs 1.41° (sd 2.95), p = 0.88; and total migration 1.09 mm (sd 1.74) vs 0.73 mm (sd 0.72), p = 0.51). A few stems (four SMF and three Synergy) had initial migration > 1.0 mm but stabilised by three to six months, with the exception of one SMF stem which required revision three years post-operatively. For most stems, total micromovement was very low at two years (subsidence < 0.5 mm, rotation < 1.0°, total migration < 0.5 mm), which was consistent with osseous ingrowth. The small sample makes it difficult to confirm the universal applicability of or elucidate the potential contraindications to the use of this particular new design of stem.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:595–602.
“It's Nakba, Not a Party”: Re-Stating the (Continued) Legacy of the Oslo Accords
Authors: Somdeep Sen
Published: May 2015

Two decades later, how should we conceptualize the relevance of the Oslo Accords today? This article reconstitutes our understanding of the Accords through three parameters and purports that the legacy of the Interim Agreement is one that oscillates between what it has failed to achieve with regard to the Palestinian quest for statehood and what it continues to do as a mechanism influencing the “brand” Palestinian politics that can be practiced (uninhibitedly) within the occupied Palestinian territories (oPt). In this way, charting the path for future research, this article concludes that any subsequent studies on Palestinian politics and political behavior would need to account for both what the Accords has not done and what it continues to do.
Eclipsed Autonomy: Celestial Images and the Free Will Debate in Antonio Mira de Amescua’s Álvaro de Luna Plays
Authors: Wise Carl A.
Published: May 2015

Antonio Mira de Amescua’s two-part Próspera fortuna and Adversa fortuna de don Álvaro de Luna chronicles the rise and fall of Spain’s most iconic privado , Álvaro de Luna. Suspected by medieval chroniclers of controlling Juan II with magic, Luna’s appearance on stage speaks to growing concerns in seventeenth-century Spain over the king’s ability to resist manipulation by powerful courtiers. Rather than using the plays as political commentary, however, Mira frames the institution of privanza within contemporary debates regarding free will, and, in doing so, offers a dramatic rendering of the nature of human autonomy and spiritual bondage.
La expulsión de los moriscos en El gran Patriarca don Juan de Ribera de Gaspar Aguilar: Un festejo a medias
Authors: Figueroa Melissa
Published: May 2015

La comedia de Gaspar Aguilar, El gran Patriarca don Juan de Ribera (1611-1616), explora una serie de factores que afectaron la evangelización de los moriscos. Al recrear las gestiones del obispo valenciano, la obra expone las tensiones políticas, religiosas y culturales precedentes al decreto de expulsión de los cristianos nuevos. Para destacar el papel que el futuro santo desempeñó en el evento, Aguilar elude los componentes político-legales que determinaron el destierro y se centra en condenar la imposible conversión del descendiente musulmán. Del mismo modo, el drama ofrece una explicación a la reducida muestra de obras que versan sobre los moriscos expulsados en el teatro español de la temprana modernidad. Al incorporar las reacciones de asombro por parte de personajes a otros decretos de expulsión, se sugiere que el aplauso a la medida de Felipe III no fue unánime. A través del festejo, esta obra hagiográfica esconde una crítica a la deportación y devela un gesto compasivo hacia el exiliado. Para contextualizar la comedia, este estudio propone leerla como un escrito destinado a una posible fiesta que impulsara la santificación del Patriarca y que agilizara un proceso que duraría tres siglos. Finalmente, se analiza cómo el ejemplar entabla un diálogo directo con un poema épico del mismo autor sobre los moriscos que marchan hacia el exilio.
Ernest Hemingway’s Description of the Mountaintop in “The Snows of Kilimanjaro” and Climate Change Research
Authors: Helama Samuli
Published: May 2015

The ice field of Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest peak of Africa, was made famous by Ernest Hemingway in “The Snows of Kilimanjaro.” Scientific evidence shows that the snows of Kilimanjaro are vanishing. When first reports of this meltdown linked it to global warming, natural scientists evoked the Hemingway story to reinforce the alarming message of the human-made climate change. Recent scientific observations suggest, however, that the disappearance of Kilimanjaro ice originates from hydroclimatic change rather than direct effects of global warming. Mount Kilimanjaro has thus become an icon of controversial climate change debates.
What to Make of Hemingway’s “Summer People”?
Authors: Daiker Donald A.
Published: May 2015

Hemingway’s posthumously published “Summer People” has been problematic from the start. Hemingway planned to include the story in In Our Time but apparently realized that its sexual explicitness and recognizable characters precluded its publication in his lifetime. Scribner’s editors made serious errors in transcribing the “Summer People” manuscripts, errors they have never corrected. Unlike Nick Adams in other Hemingway stories, the narcissistic Nick of “Summer People” is untroubled, unchallenged, and supremely confident.
Why Are There No Conditionals in Aristotle’s Logic?
Authors: Ebrey David
Published: May 2015

Aristotle presents a formal logic in the Prior Analytics in which the premises and conclusions are never conditionals. In this paper I argue that he did not simply overlook conditionals, nor does their absence reflect a metaphysical prejudice on his part. Instead, he thinks that arguments with conditionals cannot be syllogisms because of the way he understands the explanatory requirement in the definition of a syllogism: the requirement that the conclusion follow because of the premises. The key passage is Prior Analytics I.32, 47a22–40, where Aristotle considers an argument with conditionals that we would consider valid, but which he denies is a syllogism. I argue that Aristotle thinks that to meet the explanatory requirement a syllogism must draw its conclusion through the way its terms are predicated of one another. Because arguments with conditionals do not, in general, draw their conclusions through predications, he did not include them in his logic.
Hobbes and the Reception of Leviathan
Authors: Parkin Jon
Published: May 2015

Although there has been much discussion of the reception of Hobbes’s work, Hobbes’s response to his own reception has rarely received much consideration. This article looks at Hobbes’s engagements with his critics. Far from being rearguard actions by a philosopher under siege, or disingenuous attempts to curry favour with those in power, they can be read as moments when Hobbes in fact sought to convert what he saw as the “truth of speculation into the utility of practice.”
“Primitives” and Protected Areas: International Conservation and the “Naturalization” of Indigenous People, ca. 1910–1975
Authors: De Bont Raf
Published: May 2015

This article explores a long-standing discursive tradition within international nature conservation. In this tradition the argument is made that “primitive” people should be allowed to live in the areas the conservationists deem as “pristine” or “natural.” The article explores the (changing) relative importance of this tradition in the conservation discourse as a whole, and analyzes the shifting composition of its argumentative arsenal from the 1910s to the 1970s. Particular attention goes to the uneasy combination of two types of argument: one in which indigenous people are presented as part of nature, another in which their customary rights are stressed.
Advice from the Masters III: Francis X. Walton
Authors: Watkins Korey L. , Lindquist Thomas G.
Published: May 2015

The authors interview Francis X. Walton, psychologist in private practice for more than 40 years. Walton discusses how he applies Individual Psychology principles to an array of life’s issues, from therapy to parenting.
“In the Name of the Princesses of France”: Marie Petit and the 1706 French Diplomatic Mission to Safavid Iran
Authors: Lauzon Matthew
Published: May 2015

This article examines the role played by Marie Petit (b. 1673) in the French diplomatic mission to Safavid Iran from 1706 to 1708. The paper situates her among the small group of French women who exercised diplomatic authority in the reign of Louis XIV and highlights the particular roles played by gender and religion in Petit’s arrest and incarceration. The article argues that while Petit’s gender and alleged sexually illicit behavior may have been used by her opponents as one of the main pretexts for incarcerating her, it was by no means unheard of for French women to exercise diplomatic authority under Louis XIV, and some of these women were similarly accused of illicit sexual behavior. In order to explain why French authorities were so hostile to Petit’s playing a leading role in the French diplomatic mission after the appointed envoy, Jean-Baptiste Fabre (ca. 1650–1706), died in Yerevan, the article emphasizes the perception among certain French authorities that Petit was threatening French interests in promoting Catholic missionary work in the Levant and in supporting the Uniate Armenian Christians against the “schismatic,” or Gregorian, Armenian Christians.
The Gift of Memory in Baudelaire’s “Morale du joujou”
Authors: Rosenthal Adam R.
Published: May 2015

Previous readers of “Morale du joujou,” such as Giorgio Agamben, Philippe Bonnefis and Anne-Emmanuelle Berger, have emphasized the erotic and fetishistic elements of Baudelaire’s depiction of the child at play. Focusing instead on the mnemonic questions raised by his text, this essay examines how Panckoucke’s gift of a “souvenir” ties together the logic of memorialization with that of donation. In conversation with the work of Walter Benjamin and Jacques Derrida, it explores how Baudelaire’s essay is invested in thinking the conditions that make memory possible, and in turn how the play of the toy and gift (but also the gift of the toy) become essential to a thinking of the event of memory.
My Seventeenth-Century Girlhood
Authors: Morrissey Sinéad
Published: May 2015

Acclaimed publisher and editor Neil Astley, founder of Bloodaxe Books, guest-edits this special transatlantic all-poetry issue, featuring poets from North America, Great Britain, and Ireland. The issue contains a stirring diversity of work, with writers who have roots everywhere from Guyana to Pakistan to Zambia, and also features poetry in Welsh, Irish, and Scottish Gaelic. Much of the work is from accomplished British poets who are still little-known in the States. As Astley writes in his introduction, the issue aims to break down “the illogical divide between readerships on either side of the Atlantic,” and spark a conversation that will enliven and invigorate both poetic traditions.
The Brown Hare, and: The Mothering
Authors: Clarke Gillian
Published: May 2015

Acclaimed publisher and editor Neil Astley, founder of Bloodaxe Books, guest-edits this special transatlantic all-poetry issue, featuring poets from North America, Great Britain, and Ireland. The issue contains a stirring diversity of work, with writers who have roots everywhere from Guyana to Pakistan to Zambia, and also features poetry in Welsh, Irish, and Scottish Gaelic. Much of the work is from accomplished British poets who are still little-known in the States. As Astley writes in his introduction, the issue aims to break down “the illogical divide between readerships on either side of the Atlantic,” and spark a conversation that will enliven and invigorate both poetic traditions.
Costa Del Dento
Authors: Higgins Rita Ann
Published: May 2015

Acclaimed publisher and editor Neil Astley, founder of Bloodaxe Books, guest-edits this special transatlantic all-poetry issue, featuring poets from North America, Great Britain, and Ireland. The issue contains a stirring diversity of work, with writers who have roots everywhere from Guyana to Pakistan to Zambia, and also features poetry in Welsh, Irish, and Scottish Gaelic. Much of the work is from accomplished British poets who are still little-known in the States. As Astley writes in his introduction, the issue aims to break down “the illogical divide between readerships on either side of the Atlantic,” and spark a conversation that will enliven and invigorate both poetic traditions.
The Conclave, and: A Pasture for Gazelles
Authors: Didsbury Peter
Published: May 2015

Acclaimed publisher and editor Neil Astley, founder of Bloodaxe Books, guest-edits this special transatlantic all-poetry issue, featuring poets from North America, Great Britain, and Ireland. The issue contains a stirring diversity of work, with writers who have roots everywhere from Guyana to Pakistan to Zambia, and also features poetry in Welsh, Irish, and Scottish Gaelic. Much of the work is from accomplished British poets who are still little-known in the States. As Astley writes in his introduction, the issue aims to break down “the illogical divide between readerships on either side of the Atlantic,” and spark a conversation that will enliven and invigorate both poetic traditions.
from The Golden Abacus
Authors: Reeves Roger
Published: May 2015

Acclaimed publisher and editor Neil Astley, founder of Bloodaxe Books, guest-edits this special transatlantic all-poetry issue, featuring poets from North America, Great Britain, and Ireland. The issue contains a stirring diversity of work, with writers who have roots everywhere from Guyana to Pakistan to Zambia, and also features poetry in Welsh, Irish, and Scottish Gaelic. Much of the work is from accomplished British poets who are still little-known in the States. As Astley writes in his introduction, the issue aims to break down “the illogical divide between readerships on either side of the Atlantic,” and spark a conversation that will enliven and invigorate both poetic traditions.
Mama Amazonica, and: Jaguar Girl, and: My Wolverine
Authors: Petit Pascale
Published: May 2015

Acclaimed publisher and editor Neil Astley, founder of Bloodaxe Books, guest-edits this special transatlantic all-poetry issue, featuring poets from North America, Great Britain, and Ireland. The issue contains a stirring diversity of work, with writers who have roots everywhere from Guyana to Pakistan to Zambia, and also features poetry in Welsh, Irish, and Scottish Gaelic. Much of the work is from accomplished British poets who are still little-known in the States. As Astley writes in his introduction, the issue aims to break down “the illogical divide between readerships on either side of the Atlantic,” and spark a conversation that will enliven and invigorate both poetic traditions.