bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thin polymer films of block copolymers and blend/nanoparticle composites
Authors: Καλλούδης Μιχάλης
Published: September 2024

Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τεχνικές μικροσκοπίας ατομικής δύναμης (AFM), ηλεκτρονικής μικροσκοπίας μετάδοσης (TEM) και οπτικής μικροσκοπίας για τη συστηματική διερεύνηση της αυτοσυναρμολογούμενης συμπεριφοράς νανοδομής δύο διαφορετικών τύπων λεπτών υμενίων πολυμερούς spin-cast: πολυ(ισοπρένιο-β-αιθυλενοξείδιο), συμπολυμερή PI-b-PEO diblock και [πολυ(9,9-διοκτυλοφθορενο-συν-βενζοθειαδιαζόλη)]:p oly[9,9-dioctyfluorene-co-N-(4-butylphenyl)-diphenylamine], F8BT:TFB συζευγμένα πολυμερή μείγματα. Στη συγκεκριμένη περίπτωση του μείγματος πολυμερών λεπτών υμενίων, διερευνήθηκε επίσης η μορφολογία των σύνθετων υλικών τους με νανοσωματίδια σεληνιδίου καδμίου (CdSe) quantum dot (QD). Για τις λεπτές μεμβράνες συμπολυμερούς diblock, διερευνήθηκε η συμπεριφορά των σχηματιζόμενων νανοδομών και η συμπεριφορά διαβροχής στον μαρμαρυγία, μεταβάλλοντας το κλάσμα όγκου του μπλοκ PEO (fPEO) και το μέσο πάχος φιλμ. Για τις μεμβράνες μείγματος πολυμερών, διερευνήθηκε η επίδραση της αναλογίας μείγματος F8BT/TFB (ανά βάρος), των παραμέτρων επικάλυψης σπιν και της συγκέντρωσης διαλύματος στις νανοπεριοχές διαχωρισμένες φάσεις. Εξετάστηκε επίσης η επίδραση των κβαντικών κουκκίδων στον διαχωρισμό φάσεων όταν αυτές ενσωματώθηκαν στις λεπτές μεμβράνες F8BT:TFB. Διαπιστώθηκε ότι στην περίπτωση λεπτών υμενίων συμπολυμερούς PI-b-PEO, ισχυρές νανοδομές, οι οποίες παρέμειναν αμετάβλητες μετά τη θέρμανση/ανόπτηση και/ή τη γήρανση, ελήφθησαν αμέσως μετά την επικάλυψη με στυψίματα σε υδρόφιλα υποστρώματα μαρμαρυγίας από υδατικά διαλύματα. Ο ανταγωνισμός και η σύζευξη της κρυστάλλωσης της ΠΕΟ και ο διαχωρισμός φάσεων μεταξύ των μπλοκ ΠΕΟ και ΠΙ καθόρισαν την τελική μορφολογία των λεπτών υμενίων. Λόγω των μεγάλων βιοσυμβατών ιδιοτήτων του μπλοκ PEO (αντοχή στις πρωτεΐνες), οι ισχυρές νανοδομές με βάση το PEO βρίσκουν σημαντικές εφαρμογές στην ανάπτυξη μικρο/νανο προτύπων για βιολογικές και βιοϊατρικές εφαρμογές. Διαπιστώθηκε επίσης ότι σχηματίστηκαν περιοχές διαχωρισμένες φάσεις κάτω από μικρόμετρα σε λεπτές μεμβράνες F8BT: TFB spin cast. Οι περιοχές που διαχωρίζονται σε νανοφάσεις των πλούσιων σε F8BT και TFB περιοχών ήταν σχεδόν μία τάξη μεγέθους μικρότερες (στην πλευρική κατεύθυνση) από αυτές που αναφέρονται στη βιβλιογραφία. Όταν τα νανοσωματίδια quantum dot προστέθηκαν στις λεπτές μεμβράνες ανάμειξης, διαπιστώθηκε ότι τα QD προτιμούν να βρίσκονται μόνο στις περιοχές F8BT. Επιπλέον, προσθέτοντας κβαντικές κουκκίδες στο σύστημα, αποκτήθηκαν καθαρότερες περιοχές διαχωρισμένες με νανοφάσεις F8BT και TFB. Οι λεπτές μεμβράνες συζευγμένου πολυμερούς μείγματος είναι εξαιρετικοί υποψήφιοι για εναλλακτικές λύσεις στα ανόργανα υλικά ημιαγωγών για χρήση σε εφαρμογές όπως δίοδοι εκπομπής φωτός και φωτοβολταϊκά στοιχεία, κυρίως λόγω της ευκολίας επεξεργασίας, της χαμηλού κόστους κατασκευής και της μηχανικής ευελιξίας. Η μάλλον περιορισμένη οπτοηλεκτρονική αποτελεσματικότητα των οργανικών λεπτών υμενίων μπορεί να βελτιωθεί σημαντικά με την προσθήκη ανόργανων ημιαγώγιμων νανοσωματιδίων.
Preoperative Carbohydrate Loading in Pediatric Surgery: A Scoping Review of Current Evidence
Authors: Widyastuti Yunita , Sari Djayanti , Fadhila Farid Anisa , Rayhan Amar
Published: September 2024

Abstract* Introduction Preoperative carbohydrate loading (PCL), part of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols, involves giving carbohydrate-rich liquids before surgery instead of traditional fasting. It improves glucose control, reduces insulin resistance, and enhances patient comfort. Methods This scoping review aims to assess the current evidence on the effects and safety of PCL in pediatric surgery. A multi-database search strategy would be used, with eligibility criteria including recent original English articles on pediatric PCL. Data extraction would focus on PCL type, sample sizes, and perioperative outcomes. Results The scoping review examined 10 studies on PCL in pediatric surgery, covering various procedures with sample sizes ranging from 18 to 1200 participants. Most studies showed that PCL improved metabolic outcome and reduced postoperative recovery time. However, outcomes like hospital stay length and postoperative complications, such as nausea and vomiting, varied. Conclusions PCL in pediatric surgery may stabilize blood glucose, reduce metabolic risks, and enhance recovery, including anxiety reduction.
Comparison GDP and conventional CPB impact on metabolism in cardiac center Sardjito general hospital
Authors: Yudo Pratomo Bhirowo , Sudadi Sudadi , Yuli Setianto Budi , Tommy Novenanto Tandean , Elvana Fiandila , Rayhan Amar , Kurniawaty Juni
Published: September 2024

Abstract* Background Goal-directed perfusion (GDP) aims to balance oxygen delivery (DO2) and consumption (VO2) in cardiac surgery. Elevated lactate during CPB is common and linked to higher morbidity and mortality. Evaluating lactate with base excess (BE) is vital due to their relationship. Reducing severe BE and lactate predicts cardiac surgery outcomes better. Methods Fifty adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB were randomly assigned to either the GDP group or the conventional group. In the GDP group, the priming solution was adjusted to target a hematocrit (HCT) level of 24 to 27% with a pump flow of 1.8 to 2.2 L/min/m2 to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) between 60 and 65 mmHg. The primary outcomes was oxygen delivery index (DO2i). Results There were increasing trends in lactate levels and decreasing trends in BE levels at all timeframes. The GDP mean difference of lactate [1.504 (1.52); p < 0.001] and BE [-0.87 (2.93); p = 0.22] levels showed better value in the GDP group, with statistically significant increased values in the control group for BE [-1.667 (2.93); p = 0.017] and lactate levels [2.215 (2.919); p < 0.001]. The postoperative outcome showed a significant difference in AKI and ventilator time. Conclusions The GDP low flow CPB compared with conventional flow CPB maintained DO2 matched with VO2 with a better clinical values in the lactate and BE levels and significantly lowered AKI and ventilator duration in cardiac surgery.
Protocol for a mixed-methods exploratory investigation into the role of health information technology for the provision of cancer care in Indonesia
Authors: Espressivo Aufia , Puspitaningtyas Herindita , Hutajulu Susanna H. , Fuad Anis , Allsop Matthew J.
Published: September 2024

Background Cancer and its management can incur high costs, high risks and high demand. In Indonesia, there remains gap in the availability of national cancer data despite the establishment of a National Committee for Cancer Control. Multiple pilot projects have been developed by the Ministry of Health to improve the delivery of care, including interventions utilising digital health approaches and integrated referral information systems. However, it is not yet clear to what extent these approaches influence patient management or the experience of cancer patients themselves. This research aims to explore the current role of health information technology (HIT) in the provision of services and treatments for patients with cancer from primary to tertiary healthcare centres in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Methods The study will adopt an observational mixed-methods single case study design of health facilities involved in the delivery of cancer services in a sub-national health system. We will collect data through face-to-face interviews with a range of health professionals involved in the delivery of cancer care. Patients will be interviewed to share their views and experiences of the existing cancer referral system and communication with health facilities. Alongside interviews, we will undertake an analysis of routine data from participating health facilities to assess gaps in existing information systems. Data analysis will include framework analysis for qualitative data alongside descriptive analyses of quantitative data. Findings will be used to inform conceptual maps to be presented as part of Theory of Change workshops focused on understanding how the existing cancer referral system works, why and for whom, with a focus on future refinement and intervention development. Conclusion Our findings will inform critical thinking around the design, implementation, adaptation, and evaluation of existing systems. Through early engagement and participation of key stakeholders and project partners, we intend that findings will have immediate utility.
Wage Growth As a Factor in Increasing Production Efficiency in Modern Russia
Authors: Basovskaya Elena
Published: September 2024

The work assesses trends in the efficiency of the economy of modern Russia and assesses the impact of wages and accumulated fixed capital on production efficiency. Production efficiency was assessed by return on assets. Factors of production were assessed by the growth rate of wages, their excess over the growth rate of labor productivity, and the growth rate of accumulated fixed capital. Econometric methods were used. It is shown that the main trend in the development of the Russian economy is a decrease in the profitability of assets and, accordingly, production efficiency. An increase in production efficiency by 40% can be achieved through an increase in wages and by 50% through an increase in accumulated fixed capital. Additionally, increased efficiency can be ensured by the rate of growth in wages exceeding the rate of growth in labor productivity.
The Problem of Income Distribution Between Labor and Capital
Authors: Basovskiy Leonid
Published: September 2024

Based on Rosstat data, the trends and factors determining labor productivity in modern Russia are assessed. It is shown that the main trend in the development of the Russian economy is a decrease in the growth rate of labor productivity. It is shown that the influence of wages and accumulated fixed capital on labor productivity is equivalent. At the same time, with a high level of confidence, labor productivity is determined by the amount of wages, and the advance of wage growth in relation to productivity growth largely determines the growth of labor productivity.
Investment Activity of Russian Enterprises from 2015 to 2022 According to Rosstat of the Russian Federation
Authors: Levkina Nataliya
Published: September 2024

In modern conditions, the activities of individual economic entities and the Russian economy as a whole are largely determined by the degree of resistance to various crisis phenomena. In response to the challenges of recent years, all market participants are reviewing their resource management policies, which also affects their investment activities. This work is devoted to assessing the dynamics of individual indicators of investment activity of Russian enterprises for the period from 2015 to 2022 according to Rosstat of the Russian Federation. The use of methods of formal logic and economic and statistical analysis allowed us to conclude that the investment activity of Russian enterprises as a whole remained unchanged during the analyzed period and the need for in-depth analysis in the context of regions, industries and types of economic activity.
Trend in the Distribution of Income Between Labor and Capital in Countries with a Low Share of Labor in GDP
Authors: Basovskiy Leonid , Basovskaya Elena
Published: September 2024

The work is devoted to obtaining quantitative estimates of trends in the distribution of income between labor and capital in countries with a low share of labor in GDP. UN data was used for a set of European countries, post-Soviet countries, Israel, Canada, the USA and Turkey. The lowest labor share levels were observed in Ireland, Kyrgyzstan, Romania and Turkey. To assess trends in the share of labor in GDP on the rate of economic growth, linear econometric models of changes in the share of labor compensation in GDP by year in the period from 2012 to 2021 were built. Hungary, Ireland, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine have seen a decline in the share of labor in GDP. In Uzbekistan, this trend is weakly expressed. Germany, Greece, Iceland, Luxembourg, the Czech Republic, Switzerland and Estonia have seen an increase in the labor share of GDP. In Germany and Switzerland this trend is weakly expressed. An increase in the share of labor in GDP is observed in countries such as Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Israel, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Norway, Poland, the Russian Federation, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkmenistan and Turkey. Moreover, this trend is weakly expressed in Belarus and Turkey. There are no significant trends in the redistribution of income between labor and capital in countries such as Albania, Malta, North Macedonia, Tajikistan and Montenegro. Trends in the redistribution of income between labor and capital can be determined by institutional conditions in the country’s economy.
The notion and practice of psychotherapy in Polish psychiatry of the interwar period. Part 1
Authors: Kornaj Jan , Pankalla Andrzej
Published: September 2024

Celem pracy jest prześledzenie rozwoju rozumienia i praktyki psychoterapii w polskiej psychiatrii dwudziestolecia międzywojennego, w kontekście instytucjonalnego rozwoju polskiej psychiatrii i szpitalnictwa psychiatrycznego, wpływu czynników społecznych Drugiej Rzeczpospolitej oraz najważniejszych nurtów rozwoju psychoterapii europejskiej. Część 1 koncentruje się na rozwoju psychoterapii w szpitalach psychiatrycznych. Badanie osadzone jest w metodologii psychologii historycznej Kurta Danzigera, która służy badaniu historycznej ewolucji dowolnych przedmiotów psychologii (psychological objects), czyli kategorii istniejących w psychologicznym dyskursie i będących celem psychologicznych praktyk. Psychoterapia jest tutaj rozumiana jako zarówno przedmiot psychologii jak i specyficzna praktyka, dla której polska psychiatria dwudziestolecia międzywojennego stanowiła swoisty profesjonalny kontekst rozwoju. Materiał badawczy zgromadzono dokonując przeglądu literatury. Przegląd źródeł pierwotnych obejmował polskie czasopisma psychiatryczne wydawane w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego, podręczniki psychiatrii oraz monografie psychiatryczne. Materiał uzyskany ze źródeł pierwotnych został uzupełniony o informacje pochodzące ze źródeł wtórnych: wybranych publikacji dotyczących historii polskiej psychiatrii oraz historii europejskiej psychoterapii. Z przeglądu polskiej literatury psychiatrycznej i dwudziestolecia międzywojennego wynika, że psychoterapia rozwijała się w dwóch kontekstach profesjonalnych, które kształtowały różnice rozwoju jej rozumienia i praktowania: w szpitalach psychiatrycznych i praktykach prywatnych. Do szpitalnych środowisk psychiatrycznych rozwijających psychoterapię zaliczono personel psychiatryczny Krajowego Zakładu Psychiatrycznego Dziekanka, warszawskiego Szpitala Starozakonnych na Czystem, a także Kliniki Neurologiczno-Psychiatrycznej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie. Personel psychiatryczny Dziekanki, psychoterapię rozumiał szeroko, jako oddziaływanie środowiska na psychikę pacjenta. Psychiatrzy Szpitala Starozakonnych na Czystem, rozwijali psychoanalityczną psychoterapię schizofrenii. Psychoterapię w leczeniu nerwic wojennych proponował personel Kliniki Neurologiczno-Psychiatrycznej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Środowiska różnych szpitali psychiatrycznych proponowały różne sposoby rozumienia i praktykowania psychoterapii.
Family Relationships and Parenting Dynamics in Blended Families
Authors: Skarbek-Jaskólska Karolina , Kierzkowska Małgorzata
Published: September 2024

The main objective of this pilot study was to learn about family relationships and parenting dynamics in blended families from the perspective of individual members. Previous research on blended families has typically focused on various aspects of their functioning from the viewpoint of selected family members. However, there is a lack of studies that cover all members of blended families and examine different issues from a systemic perspective.
This study was carried out using a qualitative research strategy based on an interpretive paradigm, employing the case study method. Five blended families were included in the research, and methodological triangulation was applied. The study provides a detailed description of family relationships in the sampled blended families in terms of structure, bonds, and parenting dynamics, within the context of parental attitudes and competencies, as well as resources for coping with the challenges of family life. Blended families with a longer shared history demonstrate better functioning principles, more effective communication techniques, and greater balance in terms of cohesion and flexibility.
Relacja pedagogiczna: między doświadczeniem dziecka a odpowiedzialnością dorosłego. W kręgu inspiracji i interpretacji fenomenologicznej praktyki pedagogicznej
Authors: Krupska Marta
Published: September 2024

Artykuł przybliża kilka współczesnych ujęć problematyki relacji pedagogicznej rozwijanej w tradycji human science research. Idea i charakterystyka wyjątkowej relacji między dorosłym a dzieckiem jest od dawna centralnym tematem w tej tradycji. W artykule ta relacja została przedstawiona również w świetle powojennej krytyki i rewizji koncepcji relacji pedagogicznej. Bardzo istotne miejsce w przywoływanym ujęciu znaczących koncepcji pedagogicznych zajmuje doświadczenia dziecka oraz problematyka asymetrii, charakterystyczna dla poszczególnych ujęć relacji pedagogicznej na każdym z jej etapów.
Szczególnie znacząca dla przywoływanej refleksji jest problematyka etyczna rozwijana przez badaczy zainteresowanych koncepcją relacji pedagogicznej i metodologią phenomenology of practice Maxa van Manena, zainspirowanych również filozofią Emmanuela Levinasa. W artykule krótko została zakreślona droga, na jakiej rozwijała się refleksja nad relacją pedagogiczną od tzw. „pierwszej inwersji” (Hermann Nohl) poprzez „drugą inwersję” (Gert Biesta), która pokazuje, że świadomość ograniczeń i wątpliwości dorosłego powinny być dostrzeżone jako integralna część teorii pedagogicznej. Rozważania podjęte w artykule pokazują, że w centrum problematyki relacji pedagogicznej wciąż pozostaje kwestia asymetrii w relacji między dzieckiem a dorosłym, która nabiera szczególnego charakteru etycznego. Wskazano na koncepcję pedagogicznej wspólnoty jako odsłaniającą w tym kontekście szczególną etyczną wartość.
Idea „potrójnego nauczyciela” w wychowaniu do twórczego życia
Authors: Pasławska-Smęder Iwona
Published: September 2024

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie idei „potrójnego nauczyciela”, autorstwa Zbigniewa Marka i Anny Walulik, w procesie wychowania do twórczego życia. Przedmiotem prezentowanych badań jest model wychowania do twórczego życia opracowany na podstawie badań empirycznych związku pomiędzy religijnością i zachowaniami twórczymi. Wynika z nich, że działania wychowawcze nie mogą się ograniczać jedynie do kształtowania konkretnych zachowań. Nie oznacza to, że nie należy prowadzić tradycyjnie rozumianych procesów wychowania. Konieczna jest jednak zmiana pedagogicznego myślenia i działania, którą określono mianem wychowania do twórczego życia. Wymaga to nie tyle kształtowania zachowań twórczych, co uczynienia ze swojego życia „arcydzieła sztuki” (Jan Paweł II).
Tego rodzaju podejście ilustruje m.in. idea „potrójnego nauczyciela”. Dotyczy ona relacji nauczycielskich między Nauczycielem Zewnętrznym, Wewnętrznym i Transcendentnym. W przypadku chrześcijaństwa Nauczycielem Transcendentnym jest Bóg osobowy. Role poszczególnych nauczycieli zachodzą na siebie, wzajemnie się uzupełniają i przenikają. Chociaż trudno jednoznacznie uchwycić ich granice, to jednocześnie są one wyraźnie zauważalne w procesie interpretacji sytuacji wychowawczych opartych na personalistycznej koncepcji wychowania. Rola każdego z nich jest istotna dla wychowania do życia w ponowoczesności oraz do wychowania do twórczego życia.
Strong surjections from two-complexes with trivial top-cohomology onto nonorientable surfaces
Authors: Fenille Marcio Colombo
Published: September 2024

For every nonorientable closed surface $\U$, we present a strong surjection
$f\colon X\to\U$, where $X$ is a finite two-dimensional {\sc cw}-complex with trivial second integer cohomology group.
This provides an answer, for all nonorientable closed surfaces, to a problem in topological root theory for which we have hitherto known solutions only for the sphere,
the torus, the projective plane and the Klein bottle.
Existence of positive solutions for generalized fractional Brézis-Nirenberg problem
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Sarkar Abhishek
Published: September 2024

In this article, we study the fractional Brézis-Nirenberg type problem on whole domain $\R^N$ associated with the fractional $p$-Laplace operator. To be precise, we want to study the following problem:
\begin{equation} \label{Pr1}
(-\Delta_{p})^{s}u - \lambda w |u|^{p-2}u= |u|^{p_{s}^{*}-2}u \quad \text{in } \mathcal{D}^{s,p}\big(\mathbb{R}^{N}\big) , \tag{P}
\end{equation}
where $s\in (0,1), p\in (1, {N}/{s})$, $p_{s}^{*}={Np}/({N-sp})$ and the operator $(-\Delta_{p})^{s}$ is the fractional $p$-Laplace operator.
The space $\mathcal{D}^{s,p}\big(\mathbb{R}^{N}\big)$ is the completion of $C_c^\infty\big(\R^N\big)$ with respect to the Gagliardo semi-norm.
In this article, we prove the existence of a positive solution to problem \eqref{Pr1}
by allowing the Hardy weight function $w$ to change its sign.
Stock Market Ownership Transitions
Authors: Bonaparte Yosef , Korniotis George M. , Kumar Alok , Michaelides Alexander , Zhang Yuxin
Published: September 2024

A significant portion of U.S. households enters and exits investment accounts. Empirically, income and wealth changes are related to these transitions, with income changes not affecting the retired. A life cycle model with participation costs cannot match the observed ownership dynamics, but an extension with stock market crash better fits the average participation rate and ownership transitions of the middle-aged and retired. This extended model does not match the ownership dynamics of the young, which are better captured by a model with elevated income risk. Overall, these findings indicate that ownership transitions respond to wealth shocks across the life cycle, both in our model and the data.

This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance.

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00290 .
The Short-Term Effects of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Employment: Evidence from an Online Labor Market
Authors: Hui Xiang , Reshef Oren , Zhou Luofeng
Published: September 2024

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) holds the potential to either complement workers by enhancing their productivity or substitute them. We examine the short-term effects of the recently released generative AI models (ChatGPT, DALL-E 2, and Midjourney) on the employment outcomes of freelancers on a large online platform. We find that freelancers in highly affected occupations suffer from the introduction of generative AI, experiencing reductions in both employment and earnings. We find similar effects studying the release of other image-based generative AI models. Exploring the heterogeneity by freelancers’ employment history, we do not find evidence that high-quality service, measured by their past performance and employment, moderates the adverse effects on employment. In fact, we find suggestive evidence that top freelancers are disproportionately affected by AI. These results suggest that generative AI may transform the role of human capital in the organization and reduce overall demand for workers.

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.18441 .
Obscure Judiciousness: Revising Reason and Judgment in Burke's Enquiry
Authors: Marshall Tom
Published: September 2024

Abstract: This essay argues for a reevaluation of the importance of reason and judgement in Edmund Burke's aesthetic theory outlined in the Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and the Beautiful (1759). Situating Burke's aesthetic theory alongside those of Anthony Ashley Cooper, third Earl of Shaftesbury; Francis Hutcheson; David Hume; and Immanuel Kant, it presents Burke's theory of judgement as a crucial component, one which attempts to hold together the descriptive and normative dimensions of the text. The main point of the analysis is to identify the emergence of a prominent legislative dimension to Burke's account of judgement in his revised "Introduction on Taste." This expanded role for reason and judgement complicates the apparent decoupling of reason and sensation that characterizes many of the Enquiry's most famous descriptions of aesthetic experience, demonstrating how the subsequent reincorporation of these experiences into social discursive practices requires a careful adjudication of where the respective limits of sense, imagination, and reason are to be located creating a far more complex philosophical dynamic within the text as a whole. In tracing the emergence of this rationally legislative dimension in the revised account of taste, this interpretation seeks to highlight several significant philosophical parallels between Burke and Kant's aesthetic philosophies, something which is often overlooked by the two being set in an overly contrastive intellectual relationship.
Will in Overplus
Authors: Jost Jacob Sider
Published: September 2024

Abstract: A review of Wolfram Schmidgen's Infinite Variety: Literary Invention, Theology, and the Disorder of Kinds, 1688–1730 (Philadelphia, 2021). Schmidgen's book explicates the theology of early modern voluntarism, which sees the universe as the creation of God's contingent and arbitrary will, and thus as infinitely various, not fully knowable or reducible to a finite taxonomy of kinds. Key figures include John Locke, Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, and Alexander Pope.
The Power of Liberal Nationalism
Authors: Fish M. Steven
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT: Diversity poses no threat to democracy. What does imperil democracy are demagogues who deprive minorities of rights and claim that vesting themselves with extraordinary powers is vital to guarding the ethnic majority against the purported predations of minorities and immigrants. Virtually everywhere such demagogues have gained the upper hand. Moreover, they have claimed superiority as patriots and protectors of the nation. Democracy's liberal defenders have often neglected the power of nationalism, regarding it as an unsavory atavism. If they are to successfully defend democracy in multiethnic societies, liberals must stop conflating nationalism with nativism and ethnonationalism, seize the flag, and arm themselves with emotionally compelling national-democratic narratives that appeal more widely than the biased tales spun by the illiberal foes of free government.
The Future of Multiracial Democracy: Majoritarianism Without Majorities
Authors: Chandra Kanchan
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT: By the paradox of "majoritarianism without majorities," the author argues that ethnic majoritarianism, in the form of nationalist movements and the institutionalization of majoritarian privilege, has become a defining feature of twenty-first-century democracy even though ethnic majorities do not exist as self-aware political communities. These majorities are merely census labels imposed on a conglomeration of minorities. This essay argues that the key force generating this paradox is the formulation of democracy as a system of majority rule. This formulation provokes cycles of ethnic majoritarianism, and the periodic remaking of the political community by turning insiders into outsiders. The solution to the problem of majoritarian nationalism therefore lies in reconceptualizing democracy as a form of "minority" representation, and protecting the rights of outsiders in order to protect the rights of insiders.
The Future of Multiracial Democracy: Liberal Democracy in an Age of Immigration
Authors: Dancygier Rafaela
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT: Across democracies, there are concerns that immigration poses threats to liberal democracy. The conventional narrative focuses on two threats. First, as migrant inflows and ethnic diversity have risen, so has public support for nativist radical-right parties who are only weakly attached to democracy. Second, migrants themselves adhere to comparatively illiberal positions on a range of issues, with adverse consequences for liberalism. These narratives place the blame on mass publics. By contrast, this essay argues that mainstream political elites are frequently at fault. Even though large popular majorities are wedded to liberal democracy and open to immigration, mainstream parties have consistently adopted rhetoric and campaign strategies that legitimize and empower native and migrant citizens who promote illiberal politics. To the extent that immigration presents risks to liberal democracy, centrist political elites have facilitated and escalated these threats.
The Future of Multiracial Democracy: The Rise of Multicultural Nationalism
Authors: Modood Tariq
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT: Some liberals argue that political polarization is caused by "identity politics" that has created a kind of new tribalism. This essay argues that this is a misreading. Instead, the essay addresses polarization between those who are pro-diversity (possibly also pro-immigration) and those who fear that their national identities are being demoted at the expense of other identities. The clash is not between universalism and identitarianism but over the value or recognition to be accorded to different group identities. While multiculturalism has been concerned with the normative status of minority identities, it has been counterposed, sometimes aggressively, by those who bemoan the neglect of majorities and their identity-based anxieties. This essay focuses on how we can tackle and lessen the polarization that is fostering mutual distrust and threatening the national, democratic citizenships upon which any multiculturalist, egalitarian, and unifying project must be built, and which multiculturalists, together with others, must defend. This involves developing a multicultural national identity to which all citizens can have a sense of belonging without giving up other identities that are important to them. Such national and group identities should not be conceived as monistic or static but rather as interactive and dialogical. Such a sense of the national allows one to be sensitive to minority-identity vulnerabilities and majority-identity anxieties within an integrated theoretical and political framework.
Freedom of Expression's Crisis of Interpretation
Authors: Kaye David
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT: Over the course of 2023, an epidemic of Koran burnings convulsed Denmark and Sweden. Denmark responded by criminalizing the practice on diplomatic and security grounds. This infuriated free-speech campaigners who saw the move as a betrayal of Scandinavia's historic commitment to freedom of expression. In the process, Denmark missed an opportunity to explore Koran burning as a problem for democracies and identify tools other than criminalization to address it. This essay places the Danish response to Koran burning in its domestic and international context, showing how it fits into a broader global crisis of interpretation concerning the human right to free speech.
Operation of optical spectrum as a service in disaggregated and multi-operator environments [Invited]
Authors: Kaeval Kaida , Grobe Klaus , Elbers Jörg-Peter
Published: September 2024

Fiber optical communication networks are the backbone of our interconnected digital environments. Motivated by vendor neutrality and better utilization of the vacant optical spectrum in dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) networks, the operators are interested in implementing optical spectrum as a service (OSaaS) in their networks. In the OSaaS service model, the DWDM network operator grants the end customer direct access to the spectral resources in the DWDM system, and the transceiver equipment purchase, its operation, and future upgrades are the responsibility of the service end customer. If the spectral resources are available in adjacent network segments and the performance of the individual segment is adequate, OSaaS allows optical signals to be operated over thousands of kilometers, traversing multiple domains. These domains can be owned by different operators and built using different DWDM network technologies, utilizing different components and channel plans. This can pose a threat to the network integrity, as today, no dedicated demarcation points exist to police the received and transmitted signals as per the next domain’s requirements. This paper reviews the readily available equipment to provide demarcation functions between the operator domains and introduces an infrastructure-, DWDM technology-, vendor-, and domain-independent optical demarcation device called the network domain interface device (NeDID). We discuss how NeDID provides signal policing and compatibility monitoring, enabling a new, infrastructure-independent networking concept—a transparent optical overlay network (TOON). We further explain the ownership of the NeDID devices and investigate the techno-economic benefits of operating flexible and secure OSaaS over any underlying optical network infrastructure.
Siloxane-based oligomer ligands of indium phosphide quantum dots for improving dispersion in a siloxane matrix
Authors: Kim Boram , Choi Yonghyeok , Lee Kangwoo , Chae Heeyeop
Published: September 2024

The ligands of indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) were modified with siloxane-based oligomers in a two-step process to improve the dispersion of InP QDs in a siloxane-based matrix. Oleic acid ligands on InP QDs (InP-OA) were exchanged with 6-mercapto-1-hexanol. Then, the hydroxyl functional groups (–OH) of the ligands were induced to react with poly(dimethylsiloxane), diglycidyl ether terminated (PDMS-DGE) by a ring-opening reaction of epoxide. The chemical bonding between the hydroxyl groups and PDMS-DGE was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The synthesized InP QDs with PDMS-DGE ligands (InP-PDMS-DGE) were blended with acrylate-siloxane polymers to produce color conversion QD films. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the QD films with the InP-PDMS-DGE QDs was improved by 2.3 times compared with that of InP-OA QDs. The color conversion efficiency of the QD films was determined using a blue light-emitting diode (LED), and the QD film containing InP-PDMS-DGE QDs demonstrated a conversion efficiency of 21%, compared to a lower efficiency of 17% for a film containing InP-OA QDs. The stability of the InP-PDMS-DGE film was tested at 85°C with a relative humidity (RH) of 85%, demonstrating an improvement of 28% compared to that with an InP-OA film.
Controllable reverse energy flow in the focus of tightly focused hybrid vector beams
Authors: Han Lei , Qi Jiale , Gao Chuchu , Li Fuli
Published: September 2024

We demonstrate analytically and numerically that the reverse energy flow is able to appear around the optical axis in the focal region of tightly focused hybrid vector beams. Theoretically, we derive and obtain the general expression of the longitudinal component of the Poynting vector in the focal plane for hybrid vector beams having circular polarization mapping tracks on the Poincaré sphere under xy basis vectors. Following from the obtained expression and the numerical simulation results, the on-axis and near-axis reverse energy flow behaviors are proved. We also reveal that the relative phase of xy basis vectors can be adopted to conveniently control the reverse energy flow. Furthermore, we show that the concerned hybrid vector beams can meanwhile induce the nonzero transverse energy flow in the focal plane, while the previously reported cases with locally linear polarization states cannot. More strikingly, further simulation results indicate that one can observe the reverse energy flow phenomena for the hybrid vector beams under circular and elliptical polarization basis vectors. The results provide a fresh method for achieving and controlling the reverse energy flow.
Arbitrary field-of-view wavefront monitoring method based on an improved vision transformer network
Authors: Liu Yuxuan , Ju Guohao , Xu Boqian , Gu Xixi , Gao Yan , Xu Shuyan , Bai Xiaoquan
Published: September 2024

Space-based segmented telescopes are susceptible to mirror misalignments because of temperature and mechanical perturbations in orbit. Monitoring the misalignment status of each mirror is a prerequisite to aligning the telescope promptly and maintaining image quality. In this paper, an online monitoring method based on an improved vision transformer network is proposed. Two new modules have been added to the method: the grid-aligned patch-splitting (GAPS) module and the field linearization eliminator (FLE) module. The former modifies the patch-splitting method based on the characteristics of point spread function (PSF) to improve the accuracy. The latter is used to eliminate the effect of field position for arbitrary field-of-view wavefront monitoring. The method predicts the misalignment state of the telescope through a PSF (stellar image) for an arbitrary field of view, realizing monitoring of the telescope without hindering the observing process and increasing the complexity of the system. Simulations and experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness and practicality of the method.
Burst-mode digital signal processing for passive optical networks based on discrete multi-tone
Authors: Zhou Ji , Liu Zhiyang , Guo Mengqi , Wang Haide , Liu Weiping , Yu Changyuan
Published: September 2024

Driven by the ever-increasing capacity demands, digital signal processing (DSP) has been first applied to improve the performance of a 50G passive optical network (PON). The main challenge is implementing the burst-mode DSP to deal with the upstream burst signal. This paper proposes a burst-mode DSP using preambles designed for the 50G PON based on entropy-loading discrete multi-tone (DMT). The burst-mode DSP mainly includes the burst-mode timing recovery with the initial timing offset and the burst-mode frequency-domain equalizer with the initial tap coefficients. The experimental results of the 50G DMT PON demonstrate that the burst-mode DSP can achieve fast convergence based on the ∼27ns preamble with 800 samples. The proposed burst-mode DSP makes the DMT PON highly feasible to support non-residential point-to-multi-point applications such as passive optical local area networks.
Addressing broadening challenges in m-plane GaN two-well terahertz quantum cascade laser
Authors: Levy Shiran , Gower Nathalie Lander , Piperno Silvia , Albo Asaf
Published: September 2024

In this study, we address the challenges that result from line broadening on m-plane GaN terahertz quantum cascade lasers (THz QCLs). While past research has highlighted the difficulty of line broadening in GaN THz QCLs, our work varies from previous studies in that it questions the primary impact attributed to the strong longitudinal-optical (LO) phonon coupling. We investigate carrier transport in an m-plane GaN two-well (TW) THz QCL, using non-equilibrium Green's functions (NEGF) to quantify gain while accounting for correlation effects in level broadening. Our study reveals that LO-phonon is not the primary contributor to line broadening at relatively high doping levels in our model. Moreover, despite the observed substantial broadening, increasing the doping density by an order of magnitude over the value of GaAs-based THz QCLs leads to a substantial gain rise. These results suggest the feasibility of achieving lasing even in the presence of significant broadening mechanisms. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, the potential of an m-plane TW GaN scheme for THz QCLs to achieve lasing up to room temperature at 7.2 THz with only 14% Al content in the barriers. Further optimizations, such as reducing leakage through increased Al content in the potential barriers or adding another barrier to the structure, could potentially lead to above room temperature performance. This work demonstrates the potential for operation with photon energies around 30 meV, which is of particular interest to the QCL community and could open avenues for GaN-based THz QCLs in diverse high-temperature applications.
Wnt target gene activation requires β-catenin separation into biomolecular condensates
Authors: Stewart Richard A. , Ding Zhihao , Jeon Ung Seop , Goodman Lauren B. , Tran Jeannine J. , Zientko John P. , Sabu Malavika , Cadigan Ken M.
Published: September 2024

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays numerous essential roles in animal development and tissue/stem cell maintenance. The activation of genes regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling requires the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, a transcriptional co-activator. β-catenin is recruited to many Wnt-regulated enhancers through direct binding to T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) family transcription factors. β-catenin has previously been reported to form phase-separated biomolecular condensates (BMCs), which was implicated as a component of β-catenin’s mechanism of action. This function required aromatic amino acid residues in the intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) at the N- and C-termini of the protein. In this report, we further explore a role for β-catenin BMCs in Wnt target gene regulation. We find that β-catenin BMCs are miscible with LEF1 BMCs in vitro and in cultured cells. We characterized a panel of β-catenin mutants with different combinations of aromatic residue mutations in human cell culture and Drosophila melanogaster. Our data support a model in which aromatic residues across both IDRs contribute to BMC formation and signaling activity. Although different Wnt targets have different sensitivities to loss of β-catenin’s aromatic residues, the activation of every target examined was compromised by aromatic substitution. These mutants are not defective in nuclear import or co-immunoprecipitation with several β-catenin binding partners. In addition, residues in the N-terminal IDR with no previously known role in signaling are clearly required for the activation of various Wnt readouts. Consistent with this, deletion of the N-terminal IDR results in a loss of signaling activity, which can be rescued by the addition of heterologous IDRs enriched in aromatic residues. Overall, our work supports a model in which the ability of β-catenin to form biomolecular condensates in the nucleus is tightly linked to its function as a transcriptional co-regulator.
GenoTriplo: A SNP genotype calling method for triploids
Authors: Roche Julien , Besson Mathieu , Allal François , Haffray Pierrick , Patrice Pierre , Vandeputte Marc , Phocas Florence
Published: September 2024

Triploidy is very useful in both aquaculture and some cultivated plants as the induced sterility helps to enhance growth and product quality, as well as acting as a barrier against the contamination of wild populations by escapees. To use genetic information from triploids for academic or breeding purposes, an efficient and robust method to genotype triploids is needed. We developed such a method for genotype calling from SNP arrays, and we implemented it in the R package named GenoTriplo. Our method requires no prior information on cluster positions and remains unaffected by shifted luminescence signals. The method relies on starting the clustering algorithm with an initial higher number of groups than expected from the ploidy level of the samples, followed by merging groups that are too close to each other to be considered as distinct genotypes. Accurate classification of SNPs is achieved through multiple thresholds of quality controls. We compared the performance of GenoTriplo with that of fitPoly, the only published method for triploid SNP genotyping with a free software access. This was assessed by comparing the genotypes generated by both methods for a dataset of 1232 triploid rainbow trout genotyped for 38,033 SNPs. The two methods were consistent for 89% of the genotypes, but for 26% of the SNPs, they exhibited a discrepancy in the number of different genotypes identified. For these SNPs, GenoTriplo had >95% concordance with fitPoly when fitPoly genotyped better. On the contrary, when GenoTriplo genotyped better, fitPoly had less than 50% concordance with GenoTriplo. GenoTriplo was more robust with less genotyping errors. It is also efficient at identifying low-frequency genotypes in the sample set. Finally, we assessed parentage assignment based on GenoTriplo genotyping and observed significant differences in mismatch rates between the best and second-best couples, indicating high confidence in the results. GenoTriplo could also be used to genotype diploids as well as individuals with higher ploidy level by adjusting a few input parameters.
Microbial community storm dynamics signal sources of “old” stream water
Authors: URycki Dawn R. , Good Stephen P. , Crump Byron C. , Ceperley Natalie C. , Brooks J. Renée
Published: September 2024

Accurate characterization of the movement of water through catchments, particularly during precipitation event response, is critical for hydrological efforts such as contaminant transport modeling or prediction of extreme flows. Abiotic hydrogeochemical tracers are commonly used to track sources and ages of surface waters but provide limited details about transit pathways or the spatial dynamics of water storage and release. Alternatively, biotic material in streams is derived from thousands of taxa originating from a variety of environments within watersheds, including groundwater, sediment, and upslope terrestrial environments, and this material can be characterized with genetic sequencing and bioinformatics. We analyzed the stable water isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) and microbiome composition (16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) of the Marys River of western Oregon, USA during an early season storm to describe the processes, storage, and flowpaths that shape surface water hydrology. Stable water isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) typified an event response in which stream water is composed largely of ‘old’ water introduced to the catchment before the storm, a common though not well understood phenomenon. In contrast, microbial biodiversity spiked during the storm, consisting of early- and late-event communities clearly distinguishable from pre-event communities. We applied concentration-discharge (cQ) analysis to individual microbial taxa and found that most Alphaproteobacteria sequences were positively correlated (i.e., were mobilized) with discharge, whereas most sequences from phyla Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidota were negatively correlated with discharge (i.e., were diluted). Source predictions using the prokaryote habitat preference database ProkAtlas found that freshwater-associated microbes composed a smaller fraction of the microbial community during the stream rise and a larger fraction during the recession, while soil and biofilm-associated microbes increased during the storm and remained high during recession. This suggests that the “old” water discharged during the storm was likely stored and released from, or passed through, soil- and biofilm-rich environments, demonstrating that this approach adds new, biologically derived tracer information about the hydrologic pathways active during and after this event. Overall, this study demonstrates an approach for integrating information-rich DNA into water resource investigations, incorporating tools from both hydrology and microbiology to demonstrate that microbial DNA is useful not only as an indicator of biodiversity but also functions as an innovative hydrologic tracer.