bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aging and Strategic Learning: The Impact of Spousal Incentives on Financial Literacy
Authors: Hsu Joanne W.
Published: August 2019

American women tend to be less financially literate than men, which is consistent with a household division of labor in which men manage finances. However, women also tend to outlive their husbands, so they will eventually need to take over this task. Using a new survey of older couples, I find that women acquire financial literacy as they approach widowhood. At an estimated increase of 0.04 standard deviations per year approaching widowhood, 80 percent of women in the sample would catch up with their husbands prior to the expected onset of widowhood. These findings reflect actual increases by women and are not merely an artifact of cognitive decline among older men. The results are consistent with a model in which the household division of labor breaks down when a spouse dies: women have incentives both to delay acquiring financial knowledge and also to begin learning before widowhood. This paper represents the first empirical examination of the financial literacy of both members of couples and provides a life-cycle interpretation of the gender gap in financial literacy.
Quantifying the Role of Federal and State Taxes in Mitigating Wage Inequality
Authors: Cooper Daniel H. , Lutz Byron F. , Palumbo Michael G.
Published: August 2019

Wage inequality has risen dramatically in the United States since at least 1980. This paper quantifies the role that the tax policies of the federal and state governments have played in mitigating wage inequality. The analysis, which isolates the contribution of federal taxes and state taxes separately, employs two approaches. First, cross-sectional estimates compare before-tax and after-tax inequality across the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Second, inequality estimates across time are calculated to assess the evolution of the effects of tax policies. The results from the first approach indicate that the tax code reduces wage inequality substantially in all states. On average, taxes reverse approximately the last two decades of growth in wage inequality. Most of this compression of the income distribution is attributable to federal taxes. Nevertheless, there is substantial cross-state variation in the extent to which state tax policies compress the income distribution. Cross-state differences in gasoline taxes have a surprisingly large impact on income compression, as do sales tax exemptions for food and clothing. The results of the second approach indicate that the mitigating influence of tax policy on wage inequality has increased very modestly since the early 1980s. The increase is due to the widening of the pre-tax wage distribution interacting with a progressive tax structure. In contrast, legislated tax changes over this period decreased income compression somewhat.
Monetary Policy Statements, Treasury Yields, and Private Yields: Before and After the Zero Lower Bound
Authors: Kiley Michael T.
Published: August 2019

Monetary policy actions since 2008 have influenced long-term interest rates through forward guidance and quantitative easing - both "unconventional" strategies. We examine whether the effect of such actions on Treasury yields have passed through to private yields to a degree comparable to experience before 2008. In order to perform this examination, we propose a strategy to identify the comovement between Treasury yields and private yields induced by monetary policy when an observable representing policy changes, such as changes in the interbank rate, is not available, or when other systematic factors may be important. Our strategy implies that least squares regressions, even within an event window, can be misleading, and our empirical results find evidence for such misleading effects. Implementation of our instrumental variables strategy suggests that the movements in Treasury yields induced by monetary policy statements have passed through to private yields, but to a smaller degree t
Dementia Risk and Financial Decision Making by Older Households: The Impact of Information
Authors: Hsu Joanne W. , Willis Robert
Published: August 2019

The knowledge and reasoning ability needed to manage one&#x27;s finances is a form of human capital. Alzheimer&#x27;s disease and other dementias cause progressive declines in cognition that lead to a complete loss of functional capacities. In this paper we analyze the impact of information about cognitive decline on the choice of household financial decision-maker. Using longitudinal data on older married couples, we find that as the financial decision maker&#x27;s cognition declines, the management of finances is eventually turned over to his cognitively intact spouse, often well after difficulties handling money have already emerged. However, a memory disease diagnosis increases the hazard of switching the financial respondent by over 200% for couples who control their retirement accounts (like 401ks) relative to those who passively receive retirement income. This is consistent with a model of the value of information: households with the most to gain financially from preparation are most responsive to information about cognitive decline.
Household Mobility Over the Great Recession: Evidence from the U.S. 2007-09 Survey of Consumer Finances Panel
Authors: Bricker Jesse , Bucks Brian
Published: August 2019

This paper uses data from the 2007-09 Survey of Consumer Finances panel to examine U.S. households' decisions to move and the role of negative home equity and economic shocks, such as job loss, in these decisions. Even over this period of steep house price declines and sharp recession, we find that most moves were prompted by standard reasons. The recession's effects are nonetheless apparent in the notable fraction of homeowners who moved involuntarily due to, for example, foreclosure. Many involuntary moves appear to stem a combination of negative home equity and adverse economic shocks rather than negative equity alone. Homeowners with both negative equity and economic shocks were substantially more likely to have moved between 2007 and 2009 and to have moved involuntarily. The findings suggest that, analogous to the double-trigger theory of default, the relationship between negative equity and household mobility varies with households' exposure to adverse shocks.
Volatility of Volatility and Tail Risk Premiums
Authors: Park Yang-Ho
Published: August 2019

This paper reports on tail risk premiums in two tail risk hedging strategies: the S&P 500 puts and the VIX calls. As a new measure of tail risk, we suggest using a model-free, risk-neutral measure of the volatility of volatility implied by a cross section of the VIX options, which we call the VVIX index. The tail risk measured by the VVIX index has forecasting power for future tail risk hedge returns. Specifically, consistent with the literature on rare disasters, an increase in the VVIX index raises the current prices of tail risk hedges and thus lowers their subsequent returns over the next three to four weeks. Furthermore, we find that volatility of volatility risk and its associated risk premium both significantly contribute to the forecasting power of the VVIX index, and that the predictability largely results from the integrated volatility of volatility rather than volatility jumps.
What Does Financial Volatility Tell Us About Macroeconomic Fluctuations?
Authors: Yoldas Emre , Chauvet Marcelle , Senyuz Zeynep
Published: August 2019

This paper provides an extensive analysis of the predictive ability of financial volatility measures for economic activity. We construct monthly measures of stock and bond market volatility from daily returns and model volatility as composed of a long-run component that is common across all series, and a set of idiosyncratic short-run components. Based on powerful in-sample predictive ability tests, we find that the stock volatility measures and the common factor significantly improve short-term forecasts of conventional financial indicators. A real-time out of sample assessment yields a similar conclusion under the assumption of noisy revisions in macroeconomic data. In a non-linear extension of the dynamic factor model for volatility series, we identify three regimes that describe the joint volatility dynamics: low, intermediate and high-volatility. We also find that the non-linear model performs remarkably well in tracking the Great Recession of 2007-2009 in real-time.
Term Structure Modeling with Supply Factors and the Federal Reserve's Large-Scale Asset Purchase Programs
Authors: Li Canlin , Wei Min
Published: August 2019

This paper estimates an arbitrage-free term structure model with both observable yield factors and Treasury and Agency MBS supply factors, and uses it to evaluate the term premium effects of the Federal Reserve&#x27;s large-scale asset purchase programs. Our estimates show that the first and the second large-scale asset purchase programs and the maturity extension program jointly reduced the 10-year Treasury yield by about 100 basis points.
Why Isn’t Investment More Sensitive to Interest Rates: Evidence from Surveys
Authors: Sharpe Steven A. , Suarez Gustavo A.
Published: August 2019

A fundamental tenet of investment theory and the traditional theory of monetary policy transmission is that investment expenditures by businesses are negatively affected by interest rates. Yet, a large body of empirical research offer mixed evidence, at best, for a substantial interest-rate effect on investment. In this paper, we examine the sensitivity of investment plans to interest rates using a set of special questions asked of CFOs in the Global Business Outlook Survey conducted in the third quarter of 2012. Among the more than 500 responses to the special questions, we find that most firms claim to be quite insensitive to decreases in interest rates, and only mildly more responsive to interest rate increases. Most CFOs cited ample cash or the low level of interest rates, as explanations for their own insensitivity. We also find that sensitivity to interest rate changes tends to be lower among firms that do not report being concerned about working capital management as well as those that do not expect to borrow over the coming year. Perhaps more surprisingly, we find that investment is also less interest sensitive among firms expecting greater revenue growth. These findings seem to be corroborated by a cursory meta-analysis of average hurdle rates drawn from firm-level surveys at different times over the past 30 years, which exhibit no apparent relation to market interest rates.
Assessing the Change in Labor Market Conditions
Authors: Chung Hess , Fallick Bruce , Nekarda Christopher J. , Ratner David
Published: August 2019

This paper describes a dynamic factor model of 19 U.S. labor market indicators, covering the broad categories of unemployment and underemployment, employment, workweeks, wages, vacancies, hiring, layoffs, quits, and surveys of consumers&#x27; and businesses&#x27; perceptions. The resulting labor market conditions index (LMCI) is a useful tool for gauging the change in labor market conditions. In addition, the model provides a way to organize discussions of the signal value of different labor market indicators in situations when they might be sending diverse signals. The model takes the greatest signal from private payroll employment and the unemployment rate. Other influential indicators include the insured unemployment rate, consumers&#x27; perceptions of job availability, and help-wanted advertising. Through the lens of the LMCI, labor market conditions have improved at a moderate pace over the past several years, albeit with some notable variation along the way. In addition, from t he perspective of the model, the unemployment rate declined a bit faster over the past two years than was consistent with the other indicators.
Hedge Fund Holdings and Stock Market Efficiency
Authors: Cao Charles , Liang Bing , Lo Andrew W. , Petrasek Lubomir
Published: August 2019

We examine the relation between changes in hedge fund stock holdings and measures of informational efficiency of equity prices derived from transactions data, and find that, on average, increased hedge fund ownership leads to significant improvements in the informational efficiency of equity prices. The contribution of hedge funds to price efficiency is greater than the contributions of other types of institutional investors, such as mutual funds or banks. However, stocks held by hedge funds experienced extreme declines in price efficiency during liquidity crises, most notably in the last quarter of 2008, and the declines were most severe in stocks held by hedge funds connected to Lehman Brothers and hedge funds using leverage.
Default Risk and Private Student Loans: Implications for Higher Education Policies
Authors: Ionescu Felicia , Simpson Nicole B.
Published: August 2019

In recent years, the proportion of students facing a binding constraint on government student loans has grown. This has led to substantially increased use of private loans as a supplementary source of finance for households’ higher education investment. A critical aspect of the private market for student loans is that loan terms must reflect students’ risk of default. College investment will therefore differ from a world in which government student loans, whose terms are not sensitive to credit risk, are expanded to no longer bind. Moreover, beyond simply crowding out private lending, expansions of the government student loan program will feed back into default risk on private loans. The goal of this paper is to provide a quantitative assessment of the likely effects of the private market for student loans on college enrollment. We build a model of college investment that reflects uninsured idiosyncratic risk and a well-defined life-cycle that is consistent with observed borrowing and default behavior across family income and college preparedness. We find that higher government borrowing limits increase college investment but lead to more default in the private market for student loans, while tuition subsides increase college investment and reduce default rates in the private market. Consequently, higher limits on government student loans have small negative welfare effects, while tuition subsidies increase aggregate welfare.
State Mandated Financial Education and the Credit Behavior of Young Adults
Authors: Brown Alexandra , Collins J. Michael , Schmeiser Maximilian D. , Urban Carly
Published: August 2019

In the U.S., a number of states have mandated personal finance classes in public school curricula to address perceived deficiencies in financial decision-making competency. Despite the growth of financial and economic education provided in public schools, little is known about the effect of these programs on the credit behaviors of young adults. Using a panel of credit report data, we examine young adults in three states where personal financial education mandates were implemented in 2007: Georgia, Idaho, and Texas. We compare the credit scores and delinquency rates of young adults in each of these states pre- and post-implementation of the education to those of students in a synthetic control state and then bordering states without financial education. We find that young people who are in school after the implementation of a financial education requirement have higher relative credit scores and lower relative delinquency rates than those in control states.
An Empirical Analysis of Futures Margin Changes: Determinants and Policy Implications
Authors: Abruzzo Nicole , Park Yang-Ho
Published: August 2019

Margin regulation raises two policy concerns. First, an alignment of margins to volatility can amplify procyclicality, leading to a build-up of excess leverage in good times and a forced deleverage in bad times. Second, competition among central counterparties (CCPs) can result in lower margin levels in order to attract more trading volume, which is referred to as a 'race to the bottom.' Motivated by these issues, we empirically analyze the determinants of margin changes by using a data set of various futures margins from Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) Group. We first find that CME Group raises margins quickly following volatility spikes but does not immediately lower margins following volatility declines, implying that margin-induced procyclicality is more of a concern in recessions than in expansions. In addition, we find some evidence that the margin difference between CME Group and its competitor, Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), is an important driver of margin changes after changes in other margin determinants are controlled for, implying that competition may be factored into margin setting.
Macroeconomic Policy Games
Authors: Bodenstein Martin , Guerrieri Luca , LaBriola Joe
Published: August 2019

Strategic interactions between policymakers arise whenever each policymaker has distinct objectives. Deviating from full cooperation can result in large welfare losses. To facilitate the study of strategic interactions, we develop a toolbox that characterizes the welfare-maximizing cooperative Ramsey policies under full commitment and open-loop Nash games. Two examples for the use of our toolbox offer some novel results. The first example revisits the case of monetary policy coordination in a two-country model to confirm that our approach replicates well-known results in the literature and extends these results by highlighting their sensitivity to the choice of policy instrument. For the second example, a central bank and a macroprudential regulator are assigned distinct objectives in a model with financial frictions. Lack of coordination leads to large welfare losses even if technology shocks are the only source of fluctuations.
Dealer Networks
Authors: Li Dan , Schurhoff Norman
Published: August 2019

Dealers in over-the-counter securities form networks to mitigate search frictions. The audit trail for municipal bonds shows the dealer network has a core-periphery structure. Central dealers are more efficient at matching buyers and sellers than peripheral dealers, which shortens intermediation chains and speeds up trading. Investors face a tradeoff between execution speed and cost. Central dealers provide immediacy by pre-arranging fewer trades and holding larger inventory. However, trading costs increase strongly with dealer centrality. Investors with strong liquidity need trade with central dealers and at times of market-wide illiquidity. Central dealers thus serve as liquidity providers of last resort.
Survival of Spray-Dried Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Isolated from Natural Microbiota of Murta Berries and Antagonistic Effect on Botrytis cinerea
Authors: González-Esparza Alexandra , Gentina Juan Carlos , Ah-Hen Kong S. , Alvarado Roxana , Stevenson Joaquín , Briceño Erika , Montenegro Osvaldo
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study is to evaluate the survival rate and effective antagonistic activity against Botrytis cinerea, responsible for grey mould on harvested fruits and vegetables, of yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, isolated and identified from the natural microbiota of murta (Chilean guava) berries, after spray drying at different inlet air temperatures, mass per volume ratio of encapsulating agent (maltodextrin) and feed flow rates. The 100 % survival of the yeast was obtained after spray drying with 18 % maltodextrin at 130 °C inlet temperature and a feed flow rate of 9.25 mL/min. The dried yeast obtained under such conditions had the highest antagonistic activity in vitro and in vivo on apples, which showed that spray drying is a valid method to produce active dried cells of R. mucilaginosa that can be used for biocontrol of grey mould spoilage. It was also found that the encapsulating agent maltodextrin improved the in vitro antagonistic activity of R. mucilaginosa.
Содействие торговле или упрощение процедур
Authors: Баландина Галина Владимировна
Published: August 2019

Проанализированы положения Соглашения по упрощению процедур торговли, одобренного в результате 9-й Министерской конференции ВТО (Бали) в декабре 2013 г. и принятого в декабре 2014 г., а также рассмотрены значение данного соглашения для совершенствования таможенной системы России, Белоруссии и Казахстана, трудности его имплементации в существующих условиях.
RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE CAUSED DURING THE ARMED CONFLICT BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: OPPORTUNITIES IN THE ALGORITHM OF PROTECTING NATIONAL INTERESTS
Authors: Medvedieva M. O. , Korotkyi T. R.
Published: August 2019

The article considers international customs, treaties and case-law dealing with responsibility for wartime environmental damage and protection of the environment before, during and after armed conflict. The authors provide the analysis of the rules of state responsibility, international humanitarian, criminal, environmental, human rights law, law of the sea, applicable in this field. The article examines the regime of international legal protection of the environment in relation to Ukraine-Russia armed conflict (in Crimea and eastern Ukraine) and analyzes the possibility of invoking responsibility of Russia as a state and imposing individual criminal responsibility for the damage caused to the environment in the course of this conflict. With this view the authors provide the overview of current
Actual problems of international relations. Release 139. 2019
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proceedings against Russia in international courts and the scope of environmental harm caused as a result of the Russian aggression against Ukraine.
Kinematics of Subduction Processes during the Earthquake Cycle in Central Chile
Authors: Aguirre Leonardo , Bataille Klaus , Novoa Camila , Peña Carlos , Vera Felipe
Published: August 2019

Subduction processes at convergent margins produce complex temporal and spatial crustal displacements during different periods of the earthquake cycle. Satellite geodesy observations provide important clues to constrain kinematic models at subduction zones. Here, we analyze geodetic observations in central Chile, where two large earthquakes occurred: 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule and 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel. We propose a model that considers the motion along both interfaces of the brittle subducting slab as the sources responsible for the movement of the crust in the different periods of the earthquake cycle. Using standard inversion techniques, we provide a consistent framework of the kinematic displacement during each period of the earthquake cycle. We show that during the interseismic period prior to the Maule and Illapel earthquakes, two patches of slip rate on the lower interface are determined. These patches are located just below the future hypocenters. Because the interseismic period corresponds to the loading process and the coseismic to the unloading process, it is interesting to note that the area where loading is stronger corresponds to the area where unloading is also strong. Furthermore, we show that the Maule earthquake causes a significant displacement on the lower interface, just below the epicenter of the future Illapel earthquake to the north, a few years later. We speculate that the interaction between motions along both interfaces is the key to understanding the evolution of stress and the occurrence of earthquakes at subduction zones. This framework improves the understanding of the observed loading and unloading processes and potential triggering between subduction earthquakes.
El DCECH y los diccionarios de la Academia
Authors: Clavería Gloria , Morales Carmen
Published: August 2019

El DCECH y los diccionarios de la Academia.
Una serie ternaria verbalizadora: temer-temor-atemorizar(se)
Authors: Mosquera Ana
Published: August 2019

Una serie ternaria verbalizadora: temer-temor-atemorizar(se).
Metalenguaje y lexicografía
Authors: Porto Dapena José-Álvaro
Published: August 2019

Metalenguaje y lexicografía.
Teratoma pulmonar maduro en pediatría. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Bastidas Cuellar María Luisa , Cruz-Rengifo Luz Marina , Argueta Ruano Miriam Elizabeth
Published: August 2019

El teratoma, se denomina a un tumor conformado por células de las tres líneas germinales: endodermo, mesodermo y ectodermo en diferente estado de maduración. Se denomina maduro cuando se encuentra bien diferenciado y es de predominio ectodérmico, con áreas sólidas y quísticas. El teratoma de origen pulmonar es extremadamente raro y la edad de presentación que está descrito en la literatura es en mujeres de 20-40 años, lo cual hace de más interés el caso presentado a continuación. Este tipo de tumores puede generar síntomas como algunos que se presentan en el teratoma mediastinal, descritos como tos, dolor torácico o presentarse con hemoptisis y/o cuadros infecciosos, sin embargo, en algunos casos el diagnóstico es incidental, al realizar radiografía de tórax, haciendo difícil el diagnóstico preciso. Los teratomas Maduros, no producen marcadores tumorales, por tanto, son Beta gonadotropina coriónica humana y Alfa fetoproteína negativos y no son quimiosensibles. Por lo tanto, el tratamiento es quirúrgico, con lo cual se logra tasas de curación superiores a 95%. En este trabajo se pretende describir un caso clínico sobre teratoma pulmonar maduro, ya que es de muy rara presentación a nivel mundial y más aún en población pediátrica, lo cual le da significancia clínica.
Família de Conversores Isolados com Células R2P2 e Multiplicador de Tensão para Microgeradores PV
Authors: Faistel Tiago Miguel Klein , Font Carlos Henrique Illa , Andrade António Manuel Santos Spencer , Martins Mário Lúcio da Silva
Published: August 2019

Este artigo propõe o desenvolvimento de uma nova família de conversores CC-CC isolados com elevado ganho de tensão para aplicações em sistemas fotovoltaicos. A família de conversores é desenvolvida a partir da associação da célula reduced redundant power processing (R²P²) e do multiplicador de tensão VM aos conversores isolados Cuk, SEPIC, Zeta e Flyback, resultando em 12 novos conversores. Com a inserção desses circuitos obtém-se um ganho de tensão elevado, com baixos esforços de tensão nos componentes semicondutores.O algoritmo perturba e observa P&O é utilizado para o rastreamento do ponto de máxima potência (Maximum Power Point Tracking - MPPT) do módulo fotovoltaico PV. Para ilustrar as características da família de conversores, o conversor Cuk R²P² com multiplicador de tensão foi escolhido para análise.Foi avaliado o princípio de operação, ganho estático, modelagem e controle.Resultados experimentais validam as análises teóricas e demonstram que o conversor Cuk R²P² com multiplicador de tensão é uma excelente alternativa para se obter alto ganho de tensão combinado com isolação galvânica sem a necessidade de se ter elevada relação de espiras no transformador.
A INFLUÊNCIA DAS ÂNCORAS DE CARREIRA NA SATISFAÇÃO NO TRABALHO PARA OS SERVIDORES DO TRIBUNAL DE CONTAS DO ESTADO DO MARANHÃO
Authors: Vieira Arlindo Faray , Bastos Sérgio Augusto Pereira
Published: August 2019

Muito se discute sobre a atuação estatal, sobretudo acerca da qualidade de seus servidores. Dessa forma, este estudo objetiva identificar as principais âncoras de carreira em uma instituição pública, o Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Maranhão, e relacioná-las à satisfação no trabalho. Com esse fim, realiza uma pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa, de corte transversal, fazendo uso de um questionário estruturado, validado em pesquisas anteriores. Aborda oito construtos, relativos às âncoras de carreira, como variáveis independentes, a satisfação no trabalho como variável dependente. Os resultados indicaram que as âncoras “segurança e estabilidade” e “competência técnica” são significantes e afetam positivamente a satisfação no trabalho, enquanto a âncora “competência administrativa geral” é inversamente proporcional à satisfação no trabalho. Tais resultados, além da contribuição teórica ao estudo das carreiras públicas, podem contribuir com políticas de gestão de pessoas que, via satisfação no trabalho, produzam serviços de melhor qualidade à sociedade.Palavras-chave: Servidores públicos. Âncoras de carreira. Satisfação no trabalho.
LA DIALÉCTICA REFORMA-REVOLUCIÓN EN PERSPECTIVA LATINOAMERICANA: elementos históricos para la crítica del presente
Authors: Soto Silvia Fernández
Published: August 2019

El artículo destaca que la revolución rusa de 1917 constituyó uno de los principales acontecimientos del siglo XX. Sus consecuencias fueron múltiples, implicando significativas transformaciones socio-económicas políticas y culturales, alimentando ideas y prácticas emancipatorias en las clases trabajadoras en todo el mundo. Resalta que el momento de crisis global actual del capitalismo, a cien años de la revolución, nos exige un análisis crítico del proceso socio-histórico concreto del último siglo, observando las particularidades de las experiencias latinoamericanas, las continuidades, rupturas, tensiones, reformas y revoluciones. Así, nos parece central superar perspectivas abstractas, uniformes y simplificadoras de nuestra realidad. Considera todavía que, por el contrario, es necesario alimentar análisis concretos e históricos que rompan la naturalización de nuestras realidades y enriquezcan prácticas de transformación social.Palabras-claves: América Latina. Reforma. Revolución. Dialéctica. Neoliberalismo. Desigualdad social.
ARTICULAÇÃO E REDES NO ENFRENTAMENTO À VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA AS MULHERES NO PARÁ
Authors: Souza Marcela Fernanda da Paz de , Henriques Frederico Oliveira
Published: August 2019

O objetivo da pesquisa é verificar a formação de uma rede de enfrentamento à violência contra as mulheres do campo, das florestas e das águas no Estado do Pará. O estudo realiza o levantamento dos dados primários junto à CIPM-PA, e, baseando-se na abordagem de rede social, construi a rede geral com os 39 atores da CIPM-PA, subdivida entre o Fórum Estadual de Enfrentamento à Violência Contra as Mulheres do Campo, das Florestas e das Águas, o Conselho Estadual de Mulheres e o Comitê de Monitoramento do Pacto Nacional de Violência Contra a Mulher. A análise da rede social observou o clique e as medidas de centralidade de informação, de grau, de proximidade, de intermediação. Assim, é possível concluir que o estudo da formação da rede de enfrentamento e da proeminência dos atores poderá contribuir com processos decisórios e estratégias de ação direcionadas às mulheres dos contextos rurais.Palavras-chaves: Rede de Enfrentamento. Violência.  Ruralidades
AUDIÊNCIA DE CUSTÓDIA E SUA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO NA PRÁTICA PROCESSUAL PENAL DO ESTADO DO MARANHÃO
Authors: Mendes Carlos Hélder Carvalho Furtado , Mendes Neto José Guimarães
Published: August 2019

O presente trabalho faz uma breve síntese acerca da Audiência de Custódia e como se deu (ou se tem dado) sua inserção no Direito brasileiro, trazendo à baila dados estatísticos do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Maranhão na medida em que se pretende ilustrar os avanços acerca da aplicação e efetividade do referido instituto processual penal naquele Estado. Além de reafirmar a necessidade do instituto na construção de um Processo penal mais humano, descreve todo o percurso legislativo e social que a Audiência de Custódia tem enfrentado. Por fim, através das informações colhidas, em campo prático, pela Unidade de Monitoramento Carcerário do TJMA, demonstra uma redução interessante do número de pessoas que não voltam a – supostamente – se envolver em conflitos com a justiça, após um primeiro contato com a Audiência de Custódia.Palavras-chave: Audiência de Custódia. Implementação. Devido Processo Penal.
Evaluación técnica de la agregación de valor a partir de variedades de cebolla (Allium cepa) cultivadas al norte de la Región Central Oriental de Costa Rica
Authors: Brenes-Peralta Laura Patricia , Gamboa-Murillo Marianella , Segreda-Rodríguez Ana Cecilia
Published: August 2019

El sector cebollero costarricense es dinámico y cuenta con una institucionalidad que respalda las acciones de investigación y extensión, como el Programa Nacional de Cebolla del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería-MAG, las Agencias de Extensión Agropecuaria locales, y el Programa de Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnología Agropecuaria-PITTA Cebolla. Sin embargo, la comercialización en fresco de la cebolla enfrenta dificultades, por lo que este proyecto tuvo por objetivo “Evaluar el proceso de agregación de valor a variedades de cebolla (Allium cepa) cultivadas en zona Norte de la Región Central Oriental (al norte de Cartago). Se consideraron los materiales E515, Predator y Alvara, valorando dos variables principales para el análisis comparativo a partir de pruebas de valor agregado, considerando:  tiempo de ejecución del proceso agroindustrial y rendimiento de producción. Las variedades Predator y E515 usualmente mostraron los rendimientos más altos y los menores tiempos de elaboración según el producto de valor agregado del que se tratara. Los resultados fueron transferidos a los beneficiarios en un taller teórico y tres sesiones prácticas en la Planta Piloto Agroindustrial del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (TEC). Se recomienda ahondar en investigaciones para validar los resultados hallados y se sugieren estudios de factibilidad específicos en el caso de desear incursionar en emprendimientos de este tipo.
Calidad de las aguas residuales de tipo especial en la ciudad La Libertad, El Salvador
Authors: Rosales-Ayala Francisco , Rovira-Quezada Dolores , Campos-Rodríguez Rooel
Published: August 2019

Esta investigación se realizó con el objetivo de caracterizar las aguas residuales de tipo especial que corresponden a las generadas por actividades agroindustriales e industriales. Específicamente se caracterizaron las aguas del mercado municipal y restaurantes, así como el influente y efluente de la planta de tratamiento donde llegan las mismas y el cuerpo receptor donde finalmente desembocan (Río Chilama) todo por medio de muestreos compuestos. Todas las aguas caracterizadas no cumplen con los estándares mínimos establecidos en normas salvadoreñas como la de Administración Nacional de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (ANDA) u otras normativas utilizadas en esta investigación, por lo que se limitan las posibilidades de un desarrollo sostenible, ya que empobrecen la estética, crean insalubridad y afectan los servicios ambientales potenciales de los cuerpos de agua superficial. Dado el crecimiento en la demanda turística que se está dando en la ciudad de La Libertad es necesaria el fortalecimiento en la gestión ambiental municipal con estrategias que posibiliten la mejora en el equipamiento urbano sanitario, y la aplicación de normativas ambientales respecto a las aguas residuales de tipo especial.
Fomento de la concienciación lingüística del profesorado en formación. Estudio de caso
Authors: López Pena Zósimo
Published: August 2019

Si bien son varias las publicaciones que se han ocupado de estudiar la importancia del Plan Lingüístico de Centro como instrumento para fomentar la Competencia en Comunicación Lingüística, no son tantas las investigaciones que tratan de los beneficios de esta herramienta para trabajar la concienciación lingüística, a pesar de ser esta una cuestión fundamental en la formación de los docentes.

El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en analizar el modo en que hemos podido trabajar la concienciación lingüística a través de la propuesta y puesta en práctica de los distintos elementos que integran los materiales didácticos de la asignatura Diseño y Elaboración de un plan Lingüístico de Centro y, muy particularmente, mediante las actividades planteadas. En primer lugar proponemos un marco teórico en el tratamos los conceptos de conciencia y concienciación lingüística, cómo trabajar esta última mediante el PLC y de qué forma esta se refleja en los currículum de Infantil y Primaria. Para evaluar nuestro objetivo presentaremos un esbozo de la estructura de nuestros materiales en cuanto a contenidos y actividades y los resultados del análisis de una de las actividades realizadas por los alumnos; aquella que consideramos más significativa para demostrar que hemos fomentado la concienciación lingüística de nuestro alumnado.
Interação e inovação na trajetória do Sistema Turístico de Bonito, MS: um modelo para os destinos da RILA?
Authors: Grechi Dores Cristina , Santos Lobo Heros Augusto , Statella Martins Patrícia Cristina
Published: August 2019

A gestão de destinos turísticos no Brasil vem se transformando à partir do reconhecimento da necessidade de articulação entre os diferentes stakeholders do turismo atuantes em cada localidade. Neste contexto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo central apresentar uma análise do sistema gestor do turismo em Bonito, com ênfase na sua operacionalização por meio do Voucher Único e na criação de leis específicas para o turismo. Pretende também analisar se esse sistema seria aplicável para os destinos que pertencem a Rota de Integração Latino Americana  - Rila.  As análises foram realizadas tanto baseadas em revisões teóricas, quanto em estudos-síntese já realizados sobre o destino, com ênfase nos aspectos teóricos relacionados à competitividade e inovação dos sistemas turísticos. Os resultados apontam diretrizes importantes para gestão inovadora do destino após duas décadas desde a implantação do Voucher Único, ferramanta de controle de visitantes, criada endogenamente e responsável por organizar a exploração da atividade turística no local.
Influence of oenological tannins on malvidin-3-O-monoglucoside copigmentation in a model wine solution
Authors: Gombau Jordi , Vignault Adeline , Pascual Olga , Gómez-Alonso Sergio , Gracía-Romero Esteban , Hermosín Isidro , Canals Joan Miquel , Teissedre Pierre-Louis , Zamora Fernando
Published: August 2019

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of five different oenological tannins on the color of a malvidin-3-O-monoglucoside solution, and thereby assess the effectiveness of these tannins as copigments.Methods and results: Solutions containing malvidin-3-O-glucoside and different doses of copigments were prepared. The malvidin-3-O-glucoside concentration of the solutions, and color parameters, were measured after 1 and 7 days.Conclusions: On days 1 and 7, a decrease in lightness and hue, and an increase in chroma, absorption at 520 nm and wavelength of maximal absorption were observed in solutions containing the oenological tannins. A decrease in malvidin-3-O-glucoside concentration in the tannin-containing solutions compared with the control solution was detected on day 7. The extent of this decrease depended on the specific tannin. Some changes in color parameters on day 7 compared with day 1 were observed, which were probably due to the formation of new pigments. The total color difference between the different malvidin-3-O-glucoside solutions and a pure white solution was calculated to estimate the effectiveness of the different tannins as copigments.Significance and impact of the study: These results prove that supplementation with oenological tannins is a viable option for improving the color of red wines. A copigmentation index is proposed for measurement of the effectiveness of copigments.
Chinese Culture Translation and Communication: A Case Study of A Dream of Red Mansions
Authors: Xueyu Zhang
Published: August 2019

By comparing and analyzing the differences between Yang Xianyi's and Hawkes' versions of A Dream of Red Mansions from the perspective of communication studies to uncover the deficiencies neglected by most Chinese scholars on Chinese culture translation. To improve the communication effect, China must make an account of the potential of Western sinologists and the process of translation and dissemination.
Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy and Palaeoenvironmental Analysis of the Mid-cretaceous Limestones in the Southern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: BouDagher-Fadel Marcelle K. , Hu Xiumian , Price G. David , Sun Gaoyuan , Wang Jian-Gang , An Wei
Published: August 2019

This study of mid-Cretaceous foraminifera from the Linzhou, the Coqen and the Xigaze Basins in the southern Tibetan Plateau has provided the first high resolution biostratigraphic description of these limestones and interpretation of their paleoenvironmental settings. The fossil assemblages are dominated primarily by orbitolinid larger benthic foraminifera. We reassessed the identification of many taxa, dividing the South Tibetan sedimentary successions of Aptian to Early Cenomanian age into eight new foraminiferal biozones (TLK1 a–h): (i) (TLK1a) a shallow reefal environment corresponding to planktonic foraminifera zone (PZ) Aptian 1–2, dominated by Palorbitolina and Praeorbitolina spp.; (ii) (TLK1b) a transgressive, reefal to forereefal environment corresponding to PZ Aptian 3, characterized by the first appearance of Mesorbitolina parva; (iii) (TLK1c) a shallow reefal to backreef environment of Late Aptian (PZ Aptian 4) age, characterized by the first appearance of Mesorbitolina texana; (iv) (TLK1d) a transgressive phase of forereef to an inner neritic environment of Albian (PZ Albian 1) age, characterized by the first appearance of Cuneolina pavonia; (v) (TLKe) an open-marine reefal environment of Albian (PZ Albian 2) age, with assemblages dominated by flat to slightly conical orbitolinids, characterized by the first appearance of Palorbitolinoides hedini; (vi) (TLK1f) a shallow, open-marine reefal to forereef environment of Middle Albian (PZ Albian 3) age, dominated by flat and convex orbitolinids, and characterized by the first appearance of Mesorbitolina aperta; (vii) (TLK1g) a reefal to forereef environment of end Albian (PZ Albian 4) age, characterized by the appearance of Conicorbitolina cf. cuvillieri and Pseudochoffatella cuvillieri, and in which Early Aptian species of Praeorbitolina cf. wienandsi have been recorded for the first time from the Late Albian; (viii) (TLK1h) a shallow reefal environment of Early Cenomanian age characterized by the first appearance of Conicorbitolina sp. A and Nezzazata conica. The eight new biozones provided biostratigraphic correlation of the Langshan, Sangzugang and Takena Formations in the Lhasa terrane, while the observed evolution of the environmentally controlled microfacies corresponds closely with the current, inferred global sea-level variation of the period. The almost continuous sedimentary sequences studied allowed previously defined orbitolinid phylogenetic linages to be confirmed.
The Foraminifera of Chincoteague Bay, Assateague Island, and the Surrounding Areas: a Regional Distribution Study
Authors: Ellis Alisha M. , Shaw Jaimie E. , Osterman Lisa E. , Smith Christopher G.,
Published: August 2019

Foraminiferal census data from Chincoteague Bay, Newport Bay, the salt marshes of Assateague Island, adjacent mainland salt marshes, and the inner-shelf, were assessed to determine the current assemblages in Chincoteague Bay, and how the different environments surrounding the bay, and the gradients within the bay, influence the microfossil distribution. Determining the current background distribution and its drivers allows for future comparisons to determine paleoenvironmental conditions, impacts from natural and anthropogenic pollution, and the influence of climate change. Foraminiferal census data were compared to sedimentological characteristics and environmental parameters, exhibiting strong correlations with salinity, sediment organic content, and grain-size. Foraminiferal distributions exhibited a gradient from an assemblage dominated by Elphidium cf. E. excavatum near Chincoteague inlet to an assemblage dominated by Ammonia parkinsoniana and Ammobaculites cf. Ab. exiguus in the more restricted central and northern portions of the bay. The sites closest to the mouth of Trappe Creek in Newport Bay, along the western side of Chincoteague Bay and in the central bay, had a greater relative abundance of dead agglutinated taxa compared with the majority of sites in Chincoteague Bay. Despite the overwhelming dominance of calcareous taxa throughout the bay, dissolution may affect the preservation potential of Cribroelphidium poeyanum and Haynesina germanica in the northern and central portions of Chincoteague Bay, as indicated by seasonal pH data. Similarly, the sandy back-barrier lagoonal sites exhibited relatively low densities, potentially a result of dissolution or mechanical destruction.
Calibration of Test Diameter and Area As Proxies For Body Size in the Planktonic Foraminifer Globoconella Puncticulata
Authors: Brombacher Anieke , Elder Leanne E. , Hull Pincelli M. , Wilson Paul A. , Ezard Thomas H. G.
Published: August 2019

Body size is one of the most commonly measured traits in ecology and evolution because it covaries with environmental (e.g., temperature, latitude, degree of population isolation) and life-history (e.g., metabolic rate, generation time) traits. However, the driving mechanisms of body size variation in the distant geological past are poorly known and complicated by partial specimen recovery, limited population-level sampling, and the use of linear measurements as proxies for three-dimensional volumetric-size data. How much information are we missing by using approximate metrics of body size? Here we examine this question in an evolving lineage of planktonic foraminifera. We measure test diameter and surface area of over 500 individuals of the species Globoconella puncticulata using two-dimensional images. These results are compared with measurements of test volume of the same individuals as measured by a recently developed high-throughput method for analysing three-dimensional morphometrics as well as high-resolution three-dimensional computed tomography scanning. Our results show that even in a lineage showing substantial morphological change, a cross-sectional test area can provide a consistent proxy for body volume. Approximating body volume with one-dimensional (linear) size measurements is more problematic as it systematically over- and underestimates the smallest and largest tests, respectively. In our study, shape (here measured as shell-aspect ratio) only explained marginally more variation when included in the regressions. The use of 3D light microscopy introduces a small degree of scatter in the data, but the number of individuals necessary to detect trends in body size with sufficient statistical power is comparable to the sample size required for other traits. These results imply that even in an evolving lineage undergoing substantial morphological change, cross-sectional area can provide a consistent proxy for body size.
Two New Species of Recent and Upper Holocene Coccolith-agglutinated Foraminifera from the North Icelandic Shelf, North Atlantic
Authors: Perner Kerstin , Knudsen Karen-Luise
Published: August 2019

Two new coccolith-agglutinated foraminiferal species, Pseudobolivina islandica n. sp. and Haplophragmoides atlanticus n. sp., are described from Recent and Upper Holocene sediments at Húnaflóaáll on the North Icelandic shelf. Specimens of the two species have been found only in the small (63–106 µm) fraction using the wet-counting method. This method allows preservation of these fragile tests, which are predominantly composed of coccoliths, mainly of the species Coccolithus pelagicus (Wallich, 1877).