bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of a Novel Geriatric Rehabilitation Program for People With COPD-induced Malnutrition and Muscle Wasting: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Geerars-van der Veen Marieke , Ballemans Judith , Bongers Anna M. , van Loon Anouk , Smit Ewout B.
Published: April 2024

Background and Purpose: Patients with COPD-induced malnutrition and muscle wasting are often frail. Consequently, traditional rehabilitation may be even counterproductive due to energy costs and there is a need for specialized rehabilitation programs, which are lacking for these patients. We developed such a program, which includes resistance training, following Nonlinear Periodized Exercise principles and physical energy management, in combination with a restriction of physical activities. The purpose of the study was to investigate the feasibility and the potential effects of this program. Methods: Patients who are eligible for the program are those with COPD gold III/IV and a fat free mass index below standard. We conducted a qualitative feasibility study and interviewed both patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs), using a deductive approach. The open interviews were qualitatively analyzed focussing on six areas of Bowens’ feasibility model: acceptability, demand, implementation, practicality, limited efficacy, and integration. Results and discussions: Seven patients and seven HCPs were interviewed. For patients, key factors that helped to adhere to the program were knowledge about energy management, alternative skills to cope with COPD, and social support. They found the program beneficial. However, several patients considered a limitation of walking and ADL activities challenging. HCPs considered the program feasible and beneficial especially for those patients who accept they need a behavior change and who adhere to the program. For HCPs, key factors were the consistent approach and coaching skills of the multidisciplinary team members, and the monitoring role of the nurses. The limitation of physical activity and endurance training deviates from existing geriatric rehabilitation programs which propagate functional activity and training. Still, evidence from the current study suggests that our tailored approach for these patients might be more appropriate and also potentially effective without harm for physical function. Conclusions: Our novel, multidisciplinary rehabilitation program is considered feasible and clinically relevant by both patients and healthcare professionals. The next step is to explore its effects on muscle strength, physical functioning, and quality of life.
Predation and the Disproportionate Risk of Driver’s License Suspensions in Economically and Racially Marginalized Communities
Authors: Waller Maureen R. , Rich Peter , Robbins Nathan L.
Published: April 2024

Millions of people have their driver’s licenses suspended each year when they do not pay traffic fines or appear in court, with significant and compounding consequences for their lives. The increased use of fines and fees has been likened to a predatory system that exploits the most vulnerable groups to fill state and local budget gaps. States have begun limiting suspensions for unpaid traffic tickets out of economic and racial equity concerns, but many still sanction drivers for failing to appear in court or comply with other regulations. Merging the full universe of New York Department of Motor Vehicles suspension records in 2017 with the American Community Survey at the zip code level, we find that Black, Hispanic, and economically disadvantaged communities were disproportionately impacted by both nonpayment and noncompliance suspensions. Predictive models suggest that reforms ending suspensions for both the failure to appear in traffic court and the failure to pay traffic tickets could substantially reduce these disparities.
A Systematic Literature Review of the Impact of Extracurricular Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Maragh Dean
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the findings from a systematic literature review (SLR) which explores the impact of extracurricular entrepreneurship education (EC) within Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). It identifies (i) examples and influences of EC in HEIs, (ii) their impact, (iii) causal relationships between EC and entrepreneurial outcomes and (iv) further research needed. It shows that EC in HE appears in many forms and generally has a positive effect on the entrepreneurial mindset (EM); entrepreneurial intention (EI); entrepreneurial action (EA) and entrepreneurial competences. This SLR (i) informs entrepreneurship educators of previous practice of EC and its impact on EM, EI and EA enabling them to develop and sustain EC for positive outcomes and (ii) stimulates policy makers to promote entrepreneurship as an essential catalyst for wealth creation. Further research identified: (i) the need for longitudinal studies to clarify more precisely the causal relationships between: (a) EC and EM development, EI and EA and (b) intended and actual learning outcomes of entrepreneurship education and the development of entrepreneurial competences; (ii) the progression between EI and EA; (iii) the impact of specific forms of EC and (iv) the need to research the impact of EC and gender on EM, EI, and EA.
Self-Selection into Entrepreneurship Education and Implications for Evaluation
Authors: Fröhlich Michael , Welpe Isabell
Published: April 2024

Entrepreneurship is a driving force for economic wealth. In past years, interest and investment in entrepreneurship education and training programs have increased substantially. However, research on the impact and success factors of entrepreneurship education remains ambivalent. While some studies find that entrepreneurship programs foster skills relevant for entrepreneurs, others find only weak or no effects. Part of this ambiguity may be explained by self-selection effects, raising the question of whether students interested in entrepreneurship education are upfront different from those who are not. Understanding this is important to choose adequate control groups when evaluating entrepreneurship education. We address this research gap by testing our hypothesis on a sample of 359 non-applicants and 495 applicants of a well-known and successful entrepreneurship program for university students in Germany. The dedicated application process allows us to clearly identify candidates who knew the program and decided against applying. Our results indicate that applicants are more “ entrepreneurial” than non-applicants along several dimensions frequently used to evaluate entrepreneurship education. Additional analyses reveal statistically significant a priori differences between male and female applicants. This suggests that researchers must pay rigorous attention to selecting suitable control groups when evaluating the impact of entrepreneurship education.
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Unripe Musa Paradisiaca Linn on Parameters Affecting Reproduction in Rats
Authors: Onyeto Collins Azubuike , Onwuka Akachukwu Marytheresa , Peter Ikechukwu Emmanuel , Nworu Chukwuemeka Sylvester , Akah Peter Achunike
Published: April 2024

Objective

Aqueous extract of unripe Musa paradisiaca fruit is commonly used for the treatment of ulcers in eastern Nigeria. This study aimed to assess the acute and subacute effects of an aqueous extract of unripe fruit on male and female fertility in rats.

Methods

Aqueous extracts obtained by maceration were analyzed for acute and subacute toxicity and for the presence of phytochemical constituents using standard procedures. The extract (100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) was administered daily to rats of both sexes for 28 d. Blood samples collected on days 0 and 28 were assessed for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Testes and ovaries were harvested for histopathological analysis. Sperm were also collected to determine the sperm count and motility.

Results

Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and resins. After an oral dose of up to 5000 mg/kg, there were no deaths in the acute toxicity test. The extract (500 mg/kg) significantly ( P < .05) enhanced sperm count and motility relative to the untreated control; significantly ( P < .05) reduced SOD, CAT, and glutathione levels, while significantly ( P < .05) elevated LH, FSH, and MDA levels in male and female rats. Histological examination revealed significant structural damage to the ovaries.

Conclusion

Unripe Musa paradisiaca fruit exhibited an adverse toxicological profile following prolonged administration and caused oxidative stress in rodents.
Integration of religious beliefs and faith-based resources in domestic violence services to migrant and ethnic minority communities: A scoping review
Authors: Istratii Romina , Ali Parveen , Feder Gene
Published: April 2024

Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is a problem that cuts across borders and communities. There is an urgency for domestic violence service providers in multicultural societies like the United Kingdom (UK) to adapt to the diverse backgrounds of victims, survivors and perpetrators to design and provide appropriate support services and interventions. Religious beliefs are an integral part of many people’s lives and identities, while religious mediators often serve as a first point of reference for victimized parties to turn to, with both positive and negative impacts. It is currently unclear to what extent religious sensibilities are being addressed in DVA services, or how best to engage with religious beliefs and faith-based resources effectively. Recognizing this, we conducted a scoping review to identify existing approaches and practices for integrating religious beliefs and faith-based resources in domestic violence services. The review that had an international scope was conducted in English and included 30 publications. The synthesis of the evidence pointed to numerous approaches and efforts in integrating religious beliefs and faith-based resources in DVA services, differences and tensions in generalist and community-based responses, and the need for various measures in DVA services to cater to multicultural populations.
Anti-racism, racism, and the microbiome: A review
Authors: Rawson Ariel Janaye
Published: April 2024

Debates about the relationship between racism, anti-racism, and the new life sciences calls for further inquiry into the growing popularity of microbiome science. Scientists define human microbiomes as unique communities of microorganisms that vary across body-sites, lifespan, location, and lifestyle. As new biomarkers for human diversity, scientists argue that microbiomes environmentally mediate development and health, which also reframes classical models of disease. In the small subset of literature that engages the stakes for race, the implications of human microbiome science are posed in terms of paradoxically reifying racism and empowering anti-racist science. To illustrate this duality, I first review the two most pervasive critiques of explicitly and implicitly reproducing racial categories in human microbiome science. Then, I show how some of the same critics embrace other versions of microbiome science as a tool to fight for environmental justice and de-essentialize race. However, in the next section, I challenge this distinction by arguing that even the most promising aspect of microbiome science as biosocial “becoming” can reproduce racial hierarchies too. In sketching limits in the current literature, I conclude by suggesting that critical engagements with biosocial formations of race need to further examine the relational formation of whiteness and that such inquiry requires elevating Black and Indigenous scholars.
Untangling the mess of CGRP levels as a migraine biomarker: an in-depth literature review and analysis of our experimental experience
Authors: Gárate Gabriel , Pascual Julio , Pascual-Mato Marta , Madera Jorge , Martín María Muñoz-San , González-Quintanilla Vicente
Published: April 2024

Background

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is the most promising candidate to become the first migraine biomarker. However, literature shows clashing results and suggests a methodological source for such discrepancies. We aimed to investigate some of these methodological factors to evaluate the actual role of CGRP as biomarker.

Methods

Previous to the experimental part, we performed a literature review of articles measuring CGRP in migraine patients. Using our 399 bio-bank sera samples, we performed a series of experiments to test the validity of different ELISA kits employed, time of sample processing, long-term storage, sampling in rest or after moderate exercise. Analysis of in-house data was performed to analyse average levels of the peptide and the effect of sex and age.

Results

Literature review shows the high variability in terms of study design, determination methods, results and conclusions obtained by studies including CGRP determinations in migraine patients. CGRP measurements depends on the method and specific kit employed, also on the isoform detected, showing completely different ranges of concentrations. Alpha-CGRP and beta-CGRP had median with IQR levels of 37.5 (28.2–54.4) and 4.6 (2.4–6.4)pg/mL, respectively. CGRP content is preserved in serum within the 24 first hours when samples are stored at 4°C after clotting and immediate centrifugation. Storages at -80°C of more than 6 months result in a decrease in CGRP levels. Moderate exercise prior to blood extraction does not modulate the concentration of the peptide. Age positively correlates with beta-CGRP content and men have higher alpha-CGRP levels than women.

Conclusions

We present valuable information for CGRP measurements in serum. ELISA kit suitability should be tested prior to the experiments. Alpha and beta-CGRP levels should be analysed separately as they can show different behaviours even within the same condition. Samples can be processed in a 24-h window if they have been kept in 4°C and should not be stored for more than 6 months at -80°C before assayed. Patients do not need to rest before the blood extraction unless they have performed a high-endurance exercise. For comparative studies, sex and age should be accounted for as these parameters can impact CGRP concentrations.

Graphical Abstract
Laser capture microdissection transcriptome (LCM RNA-seq) reveals BcDFR is a key gene in anthocyanin synthesis of non-heading Chinese cabbage
Authors: Zhou Qian , Xu Xinfeng , Li Mengjie , Yang Xiaoxue , Wang Meiyun , Li Ying , Hou Xilin , Liu Tongkun
Published: April 2024

Background

Purple non-heading Chinese cabbage [Brassica campestris (syn. Brassica rapa) ssp. chinensis] has become popular because of its richness in anthocyanin. However, anthocyanin only accumulates in the upper epidermis of leaves. Further studies are needed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the specific accumulation of it.

Results

In this study, we used the laser capture frozen section method (LCM) to divide purple (ZBC) and green (LBC) non-heading Chinese cabbage leaves into upper and lower epidermis parts (Pup represents the purple upper epidermis, Plow represents the purple lower epidermis, Gup represents the green upper epidermis, Glow represents the green lower epidermis). Through transcriptome sequencing, we found that the DIHYDROFLAVONOL 4-REDUCTASE-encoding gene BcDFR, is strongly expressed in Pup but hardly in others (Plow, Gup, Glow). Further, a deletion and insertion in the promoter of BcDFR in LBC were found, which may interfere with BcDFR expression. Subsequent analysis of gene structure and conserved structural domains showed that BcDFR is highly conserved in Brassica species. The predicted protein-protein interaction network of BcDFR suggests that it interacts with almost all functional proteins in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. Finally, the results of the tobacco transient expression also demonstrated that BcDFR promotes the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanin.

Conclusions

BcDFR is specifically highly expressed on the upper epidermis of purple non-heading Chinese cabbage leaves and regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation. Our study provides new insights into the functional analysis and transcriptional regulatory network of anthocyanin-related genes in purple non-heading Chinese cabbage.
Altitudinal variation of dragon fruit metabolite profiles as revealed by UPLC-MS/MS-based widely targeted metabolomics analysis
Authors: Zhao Zhibing , Wang Lang , Chen Jiajia , Zhang Ni , Zhou Wei , Song Yuehua
Published: April 2024

Background

Geographical factors affect the nutritional, therapeutic and commercial values of fruits. Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp) is a popular fruit in Asia and a potential functional food with diverse pharmacological attributes. Although it is produced in various localities, the information related to the altitudinal variation of dragon fruit nutrients and active compounds is scarce. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the variations in metabolite profiles of H. polyrhizus (variety Jindu1) fruit pulps from three different altitudes of China, including Wangmo (WM, 650 m), Luodian (LD, 420 m), and Zhenning (ZN, 356 m). Jindu1 is the main cultivated pitaya variety in Guizhou province, China.

Results

The LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy)-based widely targeted metabolic profiling identified 645 metabolites, of which flavonoids (22.64%), lipids (13.80%), phenolic acids (12.40%), amino acids and derivatives (10.39%), alkaloids (8.84%), and organic acids (8.37%) were dominant. Multivariate analyses unveiled that the metabolite profiles of the fruit differed regarding the altitude. Fruits from WM (highest altitude) were prime in quality, with higher levels of flavonoids, alkaloids, nucleotides and derivatives, amino acids and derivatives, and vitamins. Fruits from LD and ZN had the highest relative content of phenolic acids and terpenoids, respectively. We identified 69 significantly differentially accumulated metabolites across the pulps of the fruits from the three locations. KEGG analysis revealed that flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and isoflavonoid biosynthesis were the most differentially regulated. It was noteworthy that most active flavonoid compounds exhibited an increasing accumulation pattern along with the increase in altitude. Vitexin and isovitexin were the major differentially accumulated flavonoids. Furthermore, we identified two potential metabolic biomarkers (vitexin and kaempferol 3-O-[2-O-β-D-galactose-6-O-a-L-rhamnose]-β-D-glucoside) to discriminate between dragon fruits from different geographical origins.

Conclusion

Our findings provide insights into metabolic changes in dragon fruits grown at different altitudes. Furthermore, they show that growing pitaya at high altitudes can produce fruit with higher levels of bioactive compounds, particularly flavonoids.
Is human herpesvirus 8 infection more common in men than in women? an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Gong Haibo , Zhang Shuai , Dou Jinfa , Chen Jing
Published: April 2024

Background

Clinically, most patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) are male, and several direct and indirect mechanisms may underlie this increased susceptibility in men, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), is considered to be the primary etiological agent responsible for KS. Thus, we propose the hypothesis that men are more susceptible to HHV-8 infection, leading to a higher incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma among males. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between gender and HHV-8 seropositivity in the general population.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed using 6 online databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang. Studies published before March 15, 2023, were included.

Results

In all, 33 articles including 41 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the included adult population. men had a higher risk of HHV-8 infection than did women in adult populations from all over the world (odds ratio [OR]: 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.15), but no differences were found in child population from all over the world (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.79–1.01). There was a significant difference in HHV-8 seroprevalence between men and women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) adult population (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05–1.26). However, no significant differences were observed in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) child population (OR: 0.90, 95%CI 0.78–1.03). As for other continents, the results showed no significant difference, such as the Asian population (OR: 1.03, 95%CI: 0.92–1.16). or the European and American populations (OR 1.01, 95%CI 0.87–1.17).

Conclusion

There was a slight gender disparity for HHV-8 infection in the adult population. Among the adult populations from SSA and globally, men were more likely to be infected with HHV-8 than were women. However, no statistical significance was observed in the child populations from SSA and globally. In the future, the inclusion of more standardized studies may strengthen the results of this study.
Detection of Marchiafava Bignami disease using distinct deep learning techniques in medical diagnostics
Authors: Satheesh Kumar J. , Vinoth Kumar V. , Mahesh T. R. , Alqahtani Mohammed S. , Prabhavathy P. , Manikandan K. , Guluwadi Suresh
Published: April 2024

Purpose

To detect the Marchiafava Bignami Disease (MBD) using a distinct deep learning technique.

Background

Advanced deep learning methods are becoming more crucial in contemporary medical diagnostics, particularly for detecting intricate and uncommon neurological illnesses such as MBD. This rare neurodegenerative disorder, sometimes associated with persistent alcoholism, is characterized by the loss of myelin or tissue death in the corpus callosum. It poses significant diagnostic difficulties owing to its infrequency and the subtle signs it exhibits in its first stages, both clinically and on radiological scans.

Methods

The novel method of Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) in conjunction with attention mechanisms is used to identify MBD peculiar diseases accurately. VAEs are well-known for their proficiency in unsupervised learning and anomaly detection. They excel at analyzing extensive brain imaging datasets to uncover subtle patterns and abnormalities that traditional diagnostic approaches may overlook, especially those related to specific diseases. The use of attention mechanisms enhances this technique, enabling the model to concentrate on the most crucial elements of the imaging data, similar to the discerning observation of a skilled radiologist. Thus, we utilized the VAE with attention mechanisms in this study to detect MBD. Such a combination enables the prompt identification of MBD and assists in formulating more customized and efficient treatment strategies.

Results

A significant breakthrough in this field is the creation of a VAE equipped with attention mechanisms, which has shown outstanding performance by achieving accuracy rates of over 90% in accurately differentiating MBD from other neurodegenerative disorders.

Conclusion

This model, which underwent training using a diverse range of MRI images, has shown a notable level of sensitivity and specificity, significantly minimizing the frequency of false positive results and strengthening the confidence and dependability of these sophisticated automated diagnostic tools.
Diabetes and the social, biologic, and behavioral determinants of endometrial cancer in the United States
Authors: Massouh Nour , Jaffa Ayad A. , Jaffa Miran A.
Published: April 2024

Background

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common types of cancer that affects women’s reproductive system. The risk of endometrial cancer is associated with biologic, behavioral and social determinants of health (SDOH). The focus of the work is to investigate the cumulative effect of this cluster of covariates on the odds of endometrial cancer that heretofore have only been considered individually.

Methods

We conducted a quantitative study using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) national data collected in 2020. Data analysis using weighted Chi-square test and weighted logistic regression were carried out on 84,118 female study participants from the United States.

Results

Women with diabetes mellitus were approximately twice as likely to have endometrial cancer compared to women without diabetes (OR 1.54; 95%CI: 1.01–2.34). Biologic factors that included obesity (OR 3.10; 95% CI: 1.96–4.90) and older age (with ORs ranging from 2.75 to 7.21) had a significant increase in the odds of endometrial cancer compared to women of normal weight and younger age group of 18 to 44. Among the SDOH, attending college (OR 1.83; 95% CI: 1.12-3.00) was associated with increased odds of endometrial cancer, while renting a home (OR 0.50; 95% CI: 0.28–0.88), having other arrangements (OR 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02–0.16), being divorced (OR 0.55; 95% CI: 0.30–0.99), and having higher incomes ranging from $35,000 to $50,000 (OR 0.35; 95% CI: 0.16–0.78), and above $50,000 (OR 0.29; 95% CI: 0.14–0.62), were all associated with decreased odds of endometrial cancer. As for race, Black women (OR 0.24; 95% CI: 0.07–0.84) and women of other races (OR 0.37; 95% CI: 0.15–0.88) were shown to have lower odds of endometrial cancer compared to White women.

Conclusion

Our results revealed the importance of adopting a comprehensive approach to the study of the associated factors of endometrial cancer by including social, biologic, and behavioral determinants of health. The observed social inequity in endometrial cancer among women needs to be addressed through effective policies and changes in social structures to advocate for a standardized healthcare system that ensures equitable access to preventive measures and quality of care.
Prognostic value of creatine kinase (CK)-MB to total-CK ratio in colorectal cancer patients after curative resection
Authors: Rao Lubei , Xu Pingyao , Zhang Guiji , Zu Ruiling , Luo Yajun , Zhang Kaijiong , Yang Ying , Wang Dongsheng , He Shuya , Luo Huaichao , Ye Bo
Published: April 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of postoperative Creatine Kinase type M and B (CK-MB) to total Creatine Kinase (CK) ratio (CK-MB/CK) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients after radical resection.

Methods

This was a single-center retrospective cohort analysis. Subjects were stage I-III CRC patients hospitalized in Sichuan Cancer Hospital from January 2017 to May 2021. Patients were divided into abnormal group and normal group according to whether the CK-MB/CK ratio was abnormal after surgery. Through a comparative analysis of clinical data, laboratory test results, and prognosis differences between the two groups, we aimed to uncover the potential relationship between abnormal CK-MB > CK results and CRC patients. To gauge the impact of CK-MB/CK on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), we employed the multivariable COX regression and LASSO regression analysis. Additionally, Spearman correlation analysis, logistic regression, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were conducted to assess the predictive value of the CK-MB/CK ratio for postoperative liver metastasis.

Results

Cox regression analysis revealed that the CK-MB/CK ratio was a stable risk factors for OS (HR = 3.82, p < 0.001) and DFS (HR = 2.31, p < 0.001). To distinguish hepatic metastases after surgery, the ROC area under the curve of CK-MB/CK was 0.697 (p < 0.001), and the optimal cut-off value determined by the Youden index was 0.347.

Conclusions

Postoperative abnormal CK-MB/CK ratio predicts worse prognosis in CRC patients after radical resection and serves as a useful biomarker for detecting postoperative liver metastasis.
Exploring the bi-directional relationship between periodontitis and dyslipidemia: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Wanting , Zou Zhaolei , Yang Lisa , Lin Dongjia , Guo Junyi , Shan Zhongyan , Hu Qiannan , Wang Zhi , Li Bin , Fang Juan
Published: April 2024

Aim

As periodontitis and dyslipidemia are diseases that occur with high incidence, the relationship between them has attracted much attention. Previous studies on these diseases have tended to focus on lipid parameters and periodontitis, we aimed to investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia and periodontitis.

Materials and methods

A comprehensive search to identify the studies investigating the relationship between dyslipidemia and periodontitis was performed on PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library before the date of August, 2023. Studies were considered eligible if they contained data on abnormal blood lipid parameters and periodontitis. Studies that reported mean differences and 95% confidence intervals or odds ratios were used.

Results

A total of 73 publications were included in the meta-analysis. Hyper total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels are risk factors for periodontitis. Periodontal disease is a risk factor for high TG and low HDL levels. Three months after periodontal treatment, the levels of TC, TG and HDL were significantly improved, and statin treatment only improved gingival index (GI) levels compared to that of the dietary control.

Conclusions

The findings reported here suggest that the mutual promotion of periodontitis and dyslipidemia can be confirmed. Non-surgical periodontal therapy may improve lipid abnormalities. It can’t be demonstrated whether systematic application of statins have a better effect on the improvement in periodontal status in patients with dyslipidemia compared to that of the control.
Perceived professional preparedness and identity among senior nursing students: a latent profile Analysis
Authors: Qin Zuming , Zhang Huilin , Su Siyu , Guo Donghua , Wu Pei , Huang Yuting , Wang Huiping
Published: April 2024

Background

Senior nursing students’ perceptions of their professional preparedness help them for expectations of their future nursing role with more confidence, and professional identity may contribute to cultivating nursing students’ perceptions of professional preparedness. In this study we applied latent profile analysis to identify the latent profiles of perceived professional preparedness among senior nursing students and to examine their identity and predictors.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 319 senior nursing students from five universities in China were enrolled. Data were collected using the Perceived Professional Preparedness of Senior Nursing Students’ Questionnaire and the Professional Identity Scale for Nursing Students.

Results

Three latent profiles were identified and labeled as “low perceived professional preparedness” (n = 90, 28.2%), “low clinical competency-low EBP (Evidence-Based Practice)” (n = 190, 59.5%), and “high perceived professional preparedness” (n = 39, 12.2%). Place of residence, average clinical practicum hours per day, part-time experience, good relationships with classmates, and feeling nobility toward nursing due to COVID-19 significantly predicted profile membership. The average professional identity score was also statistically different across the three profiles (F = 54.69, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Senior nursing students’ perceptions of their professional preparedness were divided into three profiles, and out results show that promoting professional identity may effectively foster their perceived professional preparedness. This study therefore highlights the importance of targeted interventions by considering their distinct perceptions of professional preparedness patterns.
Barriers and enablers of post-COVID-19 acute care follow-up in Nigeria from service providers’ perspective: a nominal group technique
Authors: Onu Justus Uchenna , Akase Iorhen , Ohaka Justice , Kida Ibrahim Musa
Published: April 2024

Background

Despite modest efforts to study and document the complications that arise after acute treatment of patients with coronavirus disease, its ramifications and regional variations are yet to be clearly understood. Progress in sub-Saharan Africa, notably Nigeria, has been impeded by patient disengagement from care and insufficient or non-existent follow-up arrangements. The aim of this study was to describe the barriers and enablers for follow-up services after discharge from COVID-19 care pathway in Nigeria.

Methods

Seventeen experts involved directly in the care of patients with COVID-19 participated in brainstorming using the nominal group technique during a national workshop to review the new guidelines for COVID-19 case management in Nigeria. Participants discussed the barriers and facilitators of post-acute care follow-up of patients discharged from COVID-19 pathway and ranked their recommendations to arrive at three major factors per question.

Results

Participants were mostly middle aged and predominantly clinicians. The top three barriers were patients’ perception of their symptom severity, lack of organizational clarity/structure/policies on follow-up care after discharge, and financial constraints. Similarly, participants identified providers’ initiated education on the reasons for follow-up at discharge, written organizational policies/structure and clarity and free follow-up services as the top three facilitators.

Conclusion

This study has enumerated barriers to follow-up care after discharge patients with coronavirus disease and highlighted providers, institutional and governmental responses that will facilitator follow-up care after discharge of patients with COVID-19. The implication is that, there is need for clear institutional guidelines for tracking and documenting post-COVID condition. In the future, it would be necessary to assess the achievements and shortcomings of post-COVID condition tracking in Nigeria through the use of implementation science outcomes.
Unveiling the ventral morphology of a rare early Cambrian great appendage arthropod from the Chengjiang biota of China
Authors: Schmidt Michel , Hou Xianguang , Mai Huijuan , Zhou Guixian , Melzer Roland R. , Zhang Xilin , Liu Yu
Published: April 2024

Background

The early Cambrian arthropod clade Megacheira, also referred to as great appendage arthropods, comprised a group of diminutive and elongated predators during the early Palaeozoic era, around 518 million years ago. In addition to those identified in the mid-Cambrian Burgess Shale biota, numerous species are documented in the renowned 518-million-year-old Chengjiang biota of South China. Notably, one species, Tanglangia longicaudata, has remained inadequately understood due to limited available material and technological constraints. In this study, we, for the first time, examined eight fossil specimens (six individuals) utilizing state-of-the-art μCT and computer-based 3D rendering techniques to unveil the hitherto hidden ventral and appendicular morphology of this species.

Results

We have identified a set of slender endopodites gradually narrowing distally, along with a leaf-shaped exopodite adorned with fringed setae along its margins, and a small putative exite attached to the basipodite. Our techniques have further revealed the presence of four pairs of biramous appendages in the head, aligning with the recently reported six-segmented head in other early euarthropods. Additionally, we have discerned two peduncle elements for the great appendage. These findings underscore that, despite the morphological diversity observed in early euarthropods, there exists similarity in appendicular morphology across various groups. In addition, we critically examine the existing literature on this taxon, disentangling previous mislabelings, mentions, descriptions, and, most importantly, illustrations.

Conclusions

The μCT-based investigation of fossil material of Tanglangia longicaudata, a distinctive early Cambrian euarthropod from the renowned Chengjiang biota, enhances our comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary morphology of the Megacheira. Its overall morphological features, including large cup-shaped eyes, raptorial great appendages, and a remarkably elongated telson, suggest its potential ecological role as a crepuscular predator and adept swimmer in turbid waters.
Targeted C•G-to-T•A base editing with TALE-cytosine deaminases in plants
Authors: Zhang Dingbo , Pries Vanessa , Boch Jens
Published: April 2024

Background

TALE-derived DddA-based cytosine base editors (TALE-DdCBEs) can perform efficient base editing of mitochondria and chloroplast genomes. They use transcription activator-like effector (TALE) arrays as programmable DNA-binding domains and a split version of the double-strand DNA cytidine deaminase (DddA) to catalyze C•G-to-T•A editing. This technology has not been optimized for use in plant cells.

Results

To systematically investigate TALE-DdCBE architectures and editing rules, we established a β-glucuronidase reporter for transient assays in Nicotiana benthamiana. We show that TALE-DdCBEs function with distinct spacer lengths between the DNA-binding sites of their two TALE parts. Compared to canonical DddA, TALE-DdCBEs containing evolved DddA variants (DddA6 or DddA11) showed a significant improvement in editing efficiency in Nicotiana benthamiana and rice. Moreover, TALE-DdCBEs containing DddA11 have broader sequence compatibility for non-TC target editing. We have successfully regenerated rice with C•G-to-T•A conversions in their chloroplast genome, as well as N. benthamiana with C•G-to-T•A editing in the nuclear genome using TALE-DdCBE. We also found that the spontaneous assembly of split DddA halves can cause undesired editing by TALE-DdCBEs in plants.

Conclusions

Altogether, our results refined the targeting scope of TALE-DdCBEs and successfully applied them to target the chloroplast and nuclear genomes. Our study expands the base editing toolbox in plants and further defines parameters to optimize TALE-DdCBEs for high-fidelity crop improvement.
The Phytophthora parasitica effector AVH195 interacts with ATG8, attenuates host autophagy, and promotes biotrophic infection
Authors: Testi Serena , Kuhn Marie-Line , Allasia Valérie , Auroy Pascaline , Kong Fantao , Peltier Gilles , Pagnotta Sophie , Cazareth Julie , Keller Harald , Panabières Franck
Published: April 2024

Background

Plant pathogens secrete effector proteins into host cells to suppress immune responses and manipulate fundamental cellular processes. One of these processes is autophagy, an essential recycling mechanism in eukaryotic cells that coordinates the turnover of cellular components and contributes to the decision on cell death or survival.

Results

We report the characterization of AVH195, an effector from the broad-spectrum oomycete plant pathogen, Phytophthora parasitica. We show that P. parasitica expresses AVH195 during the biotrophic phase of plant infection, i.e., the initial phase in which host cells are maintained alive. In tobacco, the effector prevents the initiation of cell death, which is caused by two pathogen-derived effectors and the proapoptotic BAX protein. AVH195 associates with the plant vacuolar membrane system and interacts with Autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8) isoforms/paralogs. When expressed in cells from the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the effector delays vacuolar fusion and cargo turnover upon stimulation of autophagy, but does not affect algal viability. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AVH195 delays the turnover of ATG8 from endomembranes and promotes plant susceptibility to P. parasitica and the obligate biotrophic oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis.

Conclusions

Taken together, our observations suggest that AVH195 targets ATG8 to attenuate autophagy and prevent associated host cell death, thereby favoring biotrophy during the early stages of the infection process.
Colon impairments and inflammation driven by an altered gut microbiota leads to social behavior deficits rescued by hyaluronic acid and celecoxib
Authors: Agranyoni Oryan , Sur Debpali , Amidror Sivan , Shidlovsky Nuphar , Bagaev Anastasia , Yissachar Nissan , Pinhasov Albert , Navon-Venezia Shiri
Published: April 2024

Background

The exact mechanisms linking the gut microbiota and social behavior are still under investigation. We aimed to explore the role of the gut microbiota in shaping social behavior deficits using selectively bred mice possessing dominant (Dom) or submissive (Sub) behavior features. Sub mice exhibit asocial, depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, as well as systemic inflammation, all of which are shaped by their impaired gut microbiota composition.

Methods

An age-dependent comparative analysis of the gut microbiota composition of Dom and Sub mice was performed using 16S rRNA sequencing, from early infancy to adulthood. Dom and Sub gastrointestinal (GI) tract anatomy, function, and immune profiling analyses were performed using histology, RT-PCR, flow cytometry, cytokine array, and dextran-FITC permeability assays. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) levels in the colons of Dom and Sub mice were quantified using targeted metabolomics. To support our findings, adult Sub mice were orally treated with hyaluronic acid (HA) (30 mg/kg) or with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent celecoxib (16 mg/kg).

Results

We demonstrate that from early infancy the Sub mouse gut microbiota lacks essential bacteria for immune maturation, including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera. Furthermore, from birth, Sub mice possess a thicker colon mucin layer, and from early adulthood, they exhibit shorter colonic length, altered colon integrity with increased gut permeability, reduced SCFA levels and decreased regulatory T-cells, compared to Dom mice. Therapeutic intervention in adult Sub mice treated with HA, celecoxib, or both agents, rescued Sub mice phenotypes. HA treatment reduced Sub mouse gut permeability, increased colon length, and improved mouse social behavior deficits. Treatment with celecoxib increased sociability, reduced depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, and increased colon length, and a combined treatment resulted in similar effects as celecoxib administered as a single agent.

Conclusions

Overall, our data suggest that treating colon inflammation and decreasing gut permeability can restore gut physiology and prevent social deficits later in life. These findings provide critical insights into the importance of early life gut microbiota in shaping gut immunity, functionality, and social behavior, and may be beneficial for the development of future therapeutic strategies.
Genome-wide association study and trans-ethnic meta-analysis identify novel susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Elashi Asma A , Toor Salman M , Umlai Umm-Kulthum Ismail , Al-Sarraj Yasser A , Taheri Shahrad , Suhre Karsten , Abou-Samra Abdul Badi , Albagha Omar M E
Published: April 2024

Background

The genetic basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is under-investigated in the Middle East, despite the rapidly growing disease prevalence. We aimed to define the genetic determinants of T2D in Qatar.

Methods

Using whole genome sequencing of 11,436 participants (2765 T2D cases and 8671 controls) from the population-based Qatar Biobank (QBB), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of T2D with and without body mass index (BMI) adjustment.

Results

We replicated 93 known T2D-associated loci in a BMI-unadjusted model, while 96 known loci were replicated in a BMI-adjusted model. The effect sizes and allele frequencies of replicated SNPs in the Qatari population generally concurred with those from European populations. We identified a locus specific to our cohort located between the APOBEC3H and CBX7 genes in the BMI-unadjusted model. Also, we performed a transethnic meta-analysis of our cohort with a previous GWAS on T2D in multi-ancestry individuals (180,834 T2D cases and 1,159,055 controls). One locus in DYNC2H1 gene reached genome-wide significance in the meta-analysis. Assessing polygenic risk scores derived from European- and multi-ancestries in the Qatari population showed higher predictive performance of the multi-ancestry panel compared to the European panel.

Conclusion

Our study provides new insights into the genetic architecture of T2D in a Middle Eastern population and identifies genes that may be explored further for their involvement in T2D pathogenesis.
Acute respiratory failure due to pulmonary exacerbation in children with cystic fibrosis admitted in a pediatric intensive care unit: outcomes and factors associated with mortality
Authors: Drummond David , Roy Charlotte , Cornet Matthieu , Bucher Julie , Boussaud Véronique , Pimpec-Barthes Françoise Le , Pontailler Margaux , Raisky Olivier , Lopez Vanessa , Barbanti Claudio , Guillemain Romain , Renolleau Sylvain , Grimaud Marion , Oualha Mehdi , de Saint Blanquat Laure , Sermet-Gaudelus Isabelle
Published: April 2024

Background

Children with advanced pulmonary disease due to cystic fibrosis (CF) are at risk of acute respiratory failure due to pulmonary exacerbations leading to their admission to pediatric intensive care units (PICU). The objectives of this study were to determine short and medium-term outcomes of children with CF admitted to PICU for acute respiratory failure due to pulmonary exacerbation and to identify prognosis factors.

Methods

This retrospective monocentric study included patients less than 18 years old admitted to the PICU of a French university hospital between 2000 and 2020. Cox proportional hazard regression methods were used to determine prognosis factors of mortality or lung transplant.

Results

Prior to PICU admission, the 29 patients included (median age 13.5 years) had a severe lung disease (median Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s percentage predicted at 29%). Mortality rates were respectively 17%, 31%, 34%, 41% at discharge and at 3, 12 and 36 months post-discharge. Survival rates free of lung transplant were 34%, 32%, 24% and 17% respectively. Risk factors associated with mortality or lung transplant using the univariate analysis were female sex and higher pCO2 and chloride levels at PICU admission, and following pre admission characteristics: home respiratory and nutritional support, registration on lung transplant list and Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia bronchial colonization.

Conclusion

Children with CF admitted to PICU for acute respiratory failure secondary to pulmonary exacerbations are at high risk of death, both in the short and medium terms. Lung transplant is their main chance of survival and should be considered early.