bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of oral hygiene practices, oral health status, and related quality of life of individuals residing in the Rorya district of Tanzania, East Africa
Authors: Gudsoorkar Priyanka , Nolan Rachael , Kafle Sweta , Dubey Aayush
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Oral health substantially impacts individuals’ quality of life, making it an important target for global health interventions. This research describes oral health status, practices, and beliefs within the Rorya district of Tanzania to understand barriers to care.

Methods

To quantify physical oral health status, intraoral examinations were conducted on adults, noting the Decayed Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) and Comprehensive Periodontal Inflammatory Burden Index (CPBI). Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and semi-structured interviews were conducted to understand oral hygiene behaviors and beliefs. Data was analyzed via two-sample t-tests, Pearson's statistics, and NVIVO.

Results

A purposive sample (n = 139) of participants self-reported to reside in either Burere (n = 32), Nyambogo (n = 52), or Roche (n = 55) were assessed. A two-sample t-test revealed females (n = 67; x¯ = 7.1; SD = 5.4; p < 0.05) have a significantly higher DMFT score than males (n = 72; x¯ = 3.7; SD = 3.9). Moreover, the OHRQoL score of females (n = 67; x¯ = 12.10; SD = 14; p < 0.05) were significantly higher than males (n = 72; x¯ = 10.16; SD = 3). In contrast, males have significantly higher CPBI scores (x¯ = 3.8; SD = 1.5; p=<0.05) than females (x¯ = 3.0; SD = 1.3). Additionally, older age groups presented higher GI and PISA scores, while the younger group (20–30 years) displayed the highest mean DMFT score. The themes that emerged from semi-structured interviews were “pearls of laughter guarded by wisdom teeth,” “whispered tales of oral tides and communal echoes,” and “tales of the tooth fairy.”

Discussion

In this community, proper oral health maintenance techniques are vital yet frequently disregarded, mainly due to disparities in access to resources, reflected in oral health scores. Addressing this is a crucial intervention, presenting an opportunity to uplift overall well-being. Moreover, gender and age disparities in oral health highlight the urgent need for tailored interventions.
Rodent models for oral microbiome research: considerations and challenges- a mini review
Authors: Gopinath Divya , Pandiar Deepak , Li Zhengrui , Panda Swagatika
Published: October 2024

Rodent models have been commonly employed in oral microbiota research to investigate the relationship between bacteria and oral disease. Nevertheless, to apply the knowledge acquired from studies conducted on rodents to a human context, it is crucial to consider the significant spatial and temporal parallels and differences between the oral microbiota of mice and humans. Initially, we outline the comparative physiology and microbiology of the oral cavity of rodents and humans. Additionally, we highlight the strong correlation between the oral microbiome of rodents and genetic makeup, which is influenced by factors including vendor, husbandry practices, and environmental conditions. All of these factors potentially impact the replicability of studies on rodent microbiota and the resulting conclusions. Next, we direct our attention toward the diversity in the microbiome within mice models of disease and highlight the diversity that may potentially affect the characteristics of diseases and, in turn, alter the ability to replicate research findings and apply them to real-world situations. Furthermore, we explore the practicality of oral microbial models for complex oral microbial diseases in future investigations by examining the concept of gnotobiotic and germ-free mouse models. Finally, we stress the importance of investigating suitable techniques for characterizing and managing genetically modified organisms. Future research should consider these aspects to improve oral microbiome research's translational potential.
Women's satisfaction with comprehensive abortion care services and associated factors in central Gondar zone public primary hospitals, northwest Ethiopia, 2023
Authors: Tibebu Nebiyu Solomon , Alemu Melaku Birhanu , Rade Bayew Kelkay , Kassie Belayneh Ayanaw , Bicha Mequanint Melesse , Mihret Muhabaw Shumye , Gedef Getachew Muluye
Published: October 2024

Background

Abortion complications are the leading causes of maternal death in low and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Providing quality and comprehensive abortion care services is crucial for improving the health of women and increased their satisfaction. Evaluating a client's satisfaction with abortion care is clinically relevant since women's satisfaction with health services is one of the key indicators of high-quality healthcare services. Therefore, this study aimed to assess women's satisfaction with comprehensive abortion care services and associated factors.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was implemented among 333 women in Central Gondar Zone public primary hospitals from October 1, 2022, to April 30, 2023. Eligible participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. The data was collected using an interviewer-administered semi-structured, and pretested questionnaire. STATA version 17 and SPSS version 25 software were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with clients’ satisfaction with comprehensive abortion care services. A P-value of ≤0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was the cutoff point for determining statistical significance.

Results

This study revealed that the level of client satisfaction with comprehensive abortion care services was 60.4% (95% CI: 55.0%, 66.0%). The use of abortion medication (AOR = 4.41, 95% CI: 2.59, 7.48), women's age 20–24 years (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.02, 8.48), and being a student (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.10, 7.51) were significantly associated with women's satisfaction with comprehensive abortion care services.

Conclusions

Women's satisfaction with comprehensive abortion care services was relatively low, and it was strongly correlated with the method of abortion, age, and occupation. To improve women's satisfaction requires a comprehensive understanding of women's values and perspectives, providing sexual and reproductive health education, and quality abortion care services are recommended.
Modeling continental US stream water quality using long-short term memory and weighted regressions on time, discharge, and season
Authors: Fang K. , Caers J. , Maher K.
Published: October 2024

The temporal dynamics of solute export from catchments are challenging to quantify and model due to confounding hydrological and biogeochemical processes and sparse measurements. Conventionally, the concentration-discharge relationship (C-Q) and statistical approaches to describe it, such as the Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge and Seasons (WRTDS), have been widely used. Recently, deep learning (DL) approaches, especially Long-Short-Term-Memory (LSTM) models, have shown predictive capability for discharge, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. However, it is not clear if such advances can be expanded to water quality variables driven by complex subsurface biogeochemical processes. This work evaluates the performance of LSTM and WRTDS for 20 water quality variables across ~500 catchments in the continental US. We find that LSTM does not markedly outperform WRTDS in our dataset, potentially limited by the current measurement capabilities of water quality across CONUS. Both models present similar performance patterns across water quality variables, with the LSTM displaying better performance for nutrients compared to weathering-derived solutes. Additionally, the LSTM does not benefit from flexibility in the inputs. For example, incorporation of climate data that constrains streamflow generation, does not significantly improve the LSTM performance. We also find that data availability is not a straightforward predictor of LSTM model performance, although higher availability tends to stabilize performance. To fully assess the potential of the LSTM model, it may be necessary to use a higher frequency dataset across the CONUS, which does not exist today. To evaluate the dynamics of C-Q patterns relative to model performance, we introduce a “simplicity index” considering both the seasonality in the concentration pattern and the linearity in the C-Q relationship, or the C-Q-t pattern. The simplicity index is strongly correlated with model performance and differentiates the underlying controls on water quality dynamics. Further DL experiments and model-intercomparison highlight the strengths and deficiencies of existing frameworks, pointing to the need for further hydrogeochemical theories that are amenable to complex basins and solutes.
Anterolateral thigh free flap using modified turbocharging method: a case report
Authors: Ha Yooseok , Kim Donghyun , Kwon Hyeokjae , Kim Sunje , Song Seung Han , Oh Sang-Ha , Kim Joo-hak , Yang Ho Jik , Kyung Hyunwoo
Published: October 2024

The free flap is a versatile option for reconstruction of soft tissue defects around the ankle. In patients with poor lower leg circulation, arterial insufficiency is one of the complications that can occur immediately after vessel anastomosis during free flap surgery. The authors were able to improve blood circulation in the flap by using modified turbocharging method in which another perforator was anastomosed to the distal end of the main pedicle.
Assessment of the effects of cannabidiol and a CBD-rich hemp extract in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Camacho Jessica A. , Welch Bonnie , Ferguson Martine , Sepehr Estatira , Vaught Cory , Zhao Yang , Fitzpatrick Suzanne , Yourick Jeffrey , Sprando Robert L. , Hunt Piper Reid
Published: October 2024

Consumer use of cannabidiol (CBD) is growing, but there are still data gaps regarding its possible adverse effects on reproduction and development. Multiple pathways and signaling cascades involved in organismal development and neuronal function, including endocannabinoid synthesis and signaling systems, are well conserved across phyla, suggesting that Caenorhabditis elegans can model the in vivo effects of exogenous cannabinoids. The effects in C. elegans on oxidative stress response (OxStrR), developmental timing, juvenile and adult spontaneous locomotor activity, reproductive output, and organismal CBD concentrations were assessed after exposure to purified CBD or a hemp extract suspended in 0.5% sesame oil emulsions. In C. elegans, this emulsion vehicle is equivalent to a high-fat diet (HFD). As in mammals, HFD was associated with oxidative-stress-related gene expression in C. elegans adults. CBD reduced HFD-induced OxStrR in transgenic adults and counteracted the hypoactivity observed in HFD-exposed wild-type adults. In C. elegans exposed to CBD from the onset of feeding, delays in later milestone acquisition were irreversible, while later juvenile locomotor activity effects were reversible after the removal of CBD exposure. CBD-induced reductions in mean juvenile population body size were cumulative when chronic exposures were initiated at parental reproductive maturity. Purified CBD was slightly more toxic than matched concentrations of CBD in hemp extract for all tested endpoints, and both were more toxic to juveniles than to adults. Dosimetry indicated that all adverse effect levels observed in C. elegans far exceeded recommended CBD dosages for humans.
The Effect of Loneliness on Work Engagement among Chinese Seafarers: Mediating Effects of Executive Functions
Authors: Qi Xinjie , Li Daoke , Lian Rong
Published: October 2024

In order to explore the effect of loneliness on work engagement and the role of executive function in Chinese seafarers, two studies were carried out. Study 1 conducted a questionnaire survey of 1231 active Chinese seafarers to examine the relationship between seafarers’ loneliness, work engagement, and executive functions. Study 2 involved 177 seafarers as participants and created scenarios of seafarer work loneliness and non-loneliness using a recall paradigm, measuring components of executive function such as inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, as well as willingness to engage in work. The findings indicate that seafarers’ sense of loneliness can significantly negatively predict their work engagement, with inhibition control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility playing mediating roles. This provides new references and insights for alleviating the negative impact of loneliness on seafarers and enhancing their work engagement through cognitive approaches.
Circulating Cell-Free Nuclear DNA Predicted an Improvement of Systolic Left Ventricular Function in Individuals with Chronic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Berezina Tetiana , Berezin Oleksandr O. , Lichtenauer Michael , Berezin Alexander E.
Published: October 2024

Background: Patients with heart failure (HF) with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF) demonstrate better clinical outcomes when compared with individuals without restoration of cardiac function. The identification of predictors for HFimpEF may play a crucial role in the individual management of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Cell-free nuclear (cf-nDNA) DNA is released from damaged cells and contributes to impaired cardiac structure and function and inflammation. The purpose of the study was to elucidate whether cf-nDNA is associated with HFimpEF. Methods: The study prescreened 1416 patients with HF using a local database. Between October 2021 and August 2022, we included 452 patients with chronic HFrEF after prescription of optimal guideline-based therapy and identified 177 HFimpEF individuals. Circulating biomarkers were measured at baseline and after 6 months. Detection of cf-nDNA was executed with real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) using NADH dehydrogenase, ND2, and beta-2-microglobulin. Results: We found that HFimpEF was associated with a significant decrease in the levels of cf-nDNA when compared with the patients from persistent HFrEF cohort. The presence of ischemia-induced cardiomyopathy (odds ration [OR] = 0.75; p = 0.044), type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR = 0.77; p = 0.042), and digoxin administration (OR = 0.85; p = 0.042) were negative factors for HFimpEF, whereas NT-proBNP ≤ 1940 pmol/mL (OR = 1.42, p = 0.001), relative decrease in NT-proBNP levels (>35% vs. ≤35%) from baseline (OR = 1.52; p = 0.001), and cf-nDNA ≤ 7.5 μmol/L (OR = 1.56; p = 0.001) were positive predictors for HFimpEF. Conclusions: We established that the levels of cf-nDNA ≤ 7.5 μmol/L independently predicted HFimpEF and improved the discriminative ability of ischemia-induced cardiomyopathy, IV NYHA class, and single-measured NT-proBNP and led to a relative decrease in NT-proBNP levels ≤35% from baseline in individuals with HFrEF.
Bitcoin Return Prediction: Is It Possible via Stock-to-Flow, Metcalfe’s Law, Technical Analysis, or Market Sentiment?
Authors: Shelton Austin
Published: October 2024

Popular methods to value Bitcoin include the stock-to-flow model, Metcalfe’s Law, technical analysis, and sentiment-related measures. Within this paper, I test whether such models and variables are predictive of Bitcoin’s returns. I find that the stock-to-flow model predictions and Metcalfe’s Law help to explain Bitcoin’s returns in-sample but have limited to no ability to predict Bitcoin’s returns out-of-sample. In contrast, Bitcoin market sentiment and technical analysis measures are generally unrelated to Bitcoin’s returns in-sample and are poor predictors of Bitcoin’s returns out-of-sample. Despite the poor performance of Bitcoin return predictors within out-of-sample regressions, I demonstrate that a very successful out-of-sample Bitcoin tactical allocation or “market timing” strategy is formed via blending out-of-sample univariate model predictions. This OOS-blended model trading strategy, which algorithmically allocates between Bitcoin and cash (USD), significantly outperforms buying-and-holding or “HODL”ing Bitcoin, boosting CAPM alpha by almost 1300 basis points while also increasing portfolio Sharpe Ratio and Sortino Ratio and dramatically reducing portfolio maximum drawdown relative to buying-and-holding Bitcoin.
A Method of Realizing Adaptive Uniform Illumination by Pyramid Prism for PA-LiDAR
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Wu Baiyang , Bi Yong , Gao Weinan
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we propose a simple method to generate the uniform illumination using a pyramid prism for Plane Array Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging (PA-LiDAR). The principle of the pyramid prism shaping the Gaussian beam to form a uniform beam was analyzed theoretically. By changing the parameters of the pyramid prism and laser beam, the profile distribution of the output beam can be easily adjusted. Based on the operation mode and illumination requirements of PA-LiDAR, we have developed a set of LiDAR prototypes using a pyramid prism and carried out experimental research on these prototypes. The simulation and experimental results demonstrated that this method can achieve a uniform illumination beam with excellent propagation properties for meeting the technical requirements of PA-LiDAR. This method of uniform illumination has the advantages of being simple, flexible, easily adjustable and convenient to operate.
Laboratory Comparison of Dense Medium Separation and Acid Leaching for Preconcentration of Coarse Rejects from Phosphate Washing Plant
Authors: Lalam Khadija , Chhiti Younes , El Khouakhi Mohamed , Abidi Abdelmoughit , Chebak Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Reverse flotation is a commonly used method for separating carbonate minerals from apatite, but its application to phosphate beneficiation coarse rejects, which are low in P2O5, is often costly due to the high collector dosages used. This study aimed to explore alternative techniques for preconcentration before flotation to improve recovery rates and reduce costs. Our investigation focused on dense medium separation and acid leaching. Dense medium separation, conducted at a cut-off density of 2.76, yielded a preconcentrate with 27% P2O5 and a recovery rate of 90%. The feed material had an initial P2O5 content of 20.52% and a particle size range of +40 µm to −4 mm. In contrast, acid leaching, employing an 8% acetic acid solution over 35 min, yielded a concentrate with 29.11% P2O5, an LOI of 8.99%, and a recovery rate of 100% from an ore fraction [400–200 µm] with an initial P2O5 content of 22.82% and an LOI of 15.78%. Furthermore, integrating flotation and leaching resulted in a concentrate with 32.27% P2O5 and a recovery rate of 98.38%. These findings suggest that combining acid leaching with flotation can enhance P2O5 recovery and reduce processing costs for low-grade phosphate ores.
Magneto–Optical Properties and Applications of Magnetic Garnet
Authors: Nakamura Yuichi , Chauhan Sumiko Bharti Singh , Lim Pang Boey
Published: October 2024

The interaction between light and the magnetization of a material is called the magneto–optical effect. It was used in magneto–optical recording such as MO disks and has been applied to optical isolators etc. with the development of optical communications. The magneto–optical properties of magnetic garnets and their applications are briefly reviewed in this article. In the first half, after a brief overview of the phenomenology of the magneto–optical effect, the effects of element substitution on properties such as Faraday rotation and optical absorbance of magnetic garnets are shown. In the second half, some interesting applications such as imaging technologies and other novel applications using the magneto–optical effect of magnetic garnets are also introduced.
Outcomes of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children
Authors:   Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg, Russia, Gunkova E.V. , Vyalkova A. A. ,   Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg, Russia, Chesnokova S. A. ,   Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg, Russia, Davydova N. O. ,   Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg, Russia
Published: October 2024

It is proved that HUS in children is the cause of the formation and progression of renal dysfunction with the formation of CKD. At the same time, the outcomes of HUS in childhood remain insufficiently studied. Purpose. To establish the outcomes of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children and to develop an algorithm for their prediction.Results. Seasonality is established (May and June) HUS in children, an increase in the incidence rate. In the structure of HUS in children of the Orenburg region, STEC-HUS prevails (96.5 %), more often (68.6 %) in infants and young children. Chronic kidney diseases associated with HUS are characterized by a violation of the structure of the kidneys, a decrease in intrarenal hemodynamics, increased blood pressure, microalbuminuria, tubular dysfunction and a decrease in glomerular filtration rate in combination with an increase in the level of endothelin-1 blood, cystatin From urine and blood, uNGAL. An increase in endothelin-1 in blood, cystatin From urine and blood, uNGAL correlates with the level of increased blood pressure, a decrease in intrarenal hemodynamics, GFR and tubular dysfunction and are pathogenetic criteria for kidney damage in HUS convalescent children. Discussion. Clinical and pathogenetic markers of the formation of CKD have been established: an increase in the level of blood EТ-1, blood cystatin, urine lipocalin in combination with arterial hypertension, a decrease in GFR and intrarenal hemodynamics, an increase in tubular dysfunction and the level of microalbuminuria. Conclusion. The outcomes of HUS in children are- favorable (recovery); unfavorable (formation of chronic kidney pathology): TIBP, occurring with isolated urinary syndrome; nephropathies with isolated prenephrotic proteinuria; chronic kidney disease; fatal outcome. The developed «Algorithm for predicting chronic kidney damage in children with HUS convalescents», «Method for predicting tubulo-interstitial kidney disease in children associated with hemolytic-uremic syndrome», allow optimizing the early diagnosis of chronic kidney pathology in children after HUS, contribute to the timely appointment of preventive measures to prevent the progression of renal dysfunction and is recommended for use in the practice of pediatricians, nephrologists.
Improving the complex therapy of dysphonia in respiratory infections and SARS-COV-2
Authors:   South Ural State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation,, Kornova N. V. , Zyryanova K. S. ,   South Ural State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation,, Korkmazov A.M. ,   South Ural State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation,, Lengina M. A. ,   South Ural State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation,
Published: October 2024

Significantly aggravating the clinical course and negatively affecting the quality of life of patients, voice disorders in acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) and SARS-CoV-2 require correction of treatment. Aim. To determine the effectiveness of Homeovox® in the complex therapy of dysfunctions in patients with respiratory infections and SARS-CoV-2 Materials and methods. The clinical study was conducted by a single-stage observational method, without intervention, at the clinical base of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the South Ural State Medical University in the period 2022–2023. The results of a study of 45 patients who suffered from acute respiratory and coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2, accompanied by dysphonia, are presented. Results. There was a significant difference in the results of conservative treatment of patients previously divided into 2 groups according to the study design. Thus, in the second group (n=22), in addition to medical and economic standards, who received a multicomponent homeopathic medicine in accordance with the instructions, earlier recovery periods and statistically reliable restoration of vocal function were established until complete restoration of vocal function. Standard medical and economical therapy of patients of the first (n=23) and second groups included: administration of antiviral and antihistamines, local decongestants, irrigation therapy, symptomatic treatment. Conclusion. The assessment of dysphonia on three scales: the VASH scale, the Wilson Yanagihara scale and the GRBAS classification of voice disorders confirmed the restoration of voice function and recovery at an earlier date in patients who additionally took a homeopathic drug
The content of interleukin 1 (IL-1) in saliva in children before and after adenotomy
Authors:   OOO «Meditsina AlfaStrakhovaniya», Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Kalinkina. M. I.
Published: October 2024

Pathology of the pharyngeal tonsil is widespread in childhood. Pathological chang es in the nasopharynx can manifest themselves in the form of hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids), chronic and acute adenoiditis, and persistence of the pharyngeal tonsil. To study the role of chronic inflammation in the pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy, the content of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 in the saliva of children with adenoids and chronic adenoiditis before and after surgery was studied. All children were diagnosed with grade 2–3 adenoid hypertrophy. The content of IL-1 was increased compared to the control group in all subjects, regardless of the clinical diagnosis. This indicates the role of chronic persistent inflammation in the development of hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil.
A boosting és a véletlen erdő modell bankcsőd-előrejelző képességének összehasonlítása : Bankfelügyeleti szempontú visszatekintés a 2008-as pénzügyi válságra
Authors: Sen Safa
Published: October 2024

A tanulmány átfogóan elemzi a gazdasági stabilitás szempontjából is kiemelten fontos terület, a bankcsőd-előrejelzés terén használt modellek teljesítményét. Az Egyesült Államok szövetségi betétbiztosítási intézménye, a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) adathalmazát felhasználva 950 bankot vizsgál, köztük 60 olyan intézményt, amely nem vészelte át a 2008-as pénzügyi válságot. Az elemzés 26 CAMEL-mutatószámra alapuló bináris osztályozás keretében veti össze a boosting (javító) algoritmusok és a véletlen erdő (random forest) modellcsalád teljesítményét. A csődöt elkerülő bankok osztályozásában egyértelműen jobban teljesítenek a boosting-algoritmusoknál a véletlen erdő eljárások, amelyek az esetek 97%-ában helyesen osztályozták az adatokat. Ezek közül is kiemelkedő a regularizált véletlen erdő modell precizitása (0,988). A csődbe jutó bankok előrejelzése terén a véletlen erdő modellek, és különösen a regularizált modellváltozat nagy pontossággal azonosítják a valódi csődhelyzeteket. Mindezek alapján a véletlen erdő modellek képesek pontosan és megbízhatóan előrejelezni a bankcsődöt, ezért kulcsfontosságú szerepet kaphatnak a tévesen azonosított esetek minimalizálásában, ami elengedhetetlen a megalapozott előrejelzésekhez a bankszektorban.
Az intézményi izomorfizmusok megjelenése a számviteli innovációkban : A köz- és a magánszféra tapasztatai
Authors: Tóth Balázs , Lippai-Makra Edit
Published: October 2024

A számviteli szabályozások és rendszerek folyamatos változás tárgyát képezik. Ezen változásokon kívül megfigyelhető egy hasonulási trend is, amelynek következtében különböző földrajzi és gazdasági területeken működő szervezetek számviteli megoldásai, illetve az azokat befolyásoló szabályok közötti különbségek csökkentek. A számviteli gyakorlatok evolúciója több kulcsfontosságú faktor konzekvenciájaként fogható fel. Jelen kutatás során a számvitel két elkülönült világát, az államháztartás és a vállalati szféra számvitelét vizsgáljuk neoinstitucionalista megközelítésben. A tanulmány célja bemutatni azt, hogy a két szféra számvitele azok differenciái ellenére vizsgálható azonos elméleti keretrendszer szerint, illetve, hogy az intézményi izomorfizmusokkal magyarázhatók a különböző számviteli innovációk. A nemzetközi és hazai szakirodalomra épülő kutatás alapján elmondható, hogy a számviteli gyakorlatok terjedésénél megfigyelhetők az egyes intézményi izomorfizmusok, amelyek közül a normatív a leggyengébbnek, a kényszerítő a legerősebbnek bizonyult. Megállapítható továbbá, hogy mind a köz-, mind a magánszféra számviteli innovációi során először a normatív, majd az utánzó, végül a kényszerítő izomorfizmus jelenik meg. Jelen kézirat a szerzők tudomása szerint az első olyan hazai kutatást mutatja be, amely a két számviteli alrendszert egységes elméleti keretek közt vizsgálja.
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF «KEY COMPETENCIES OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS»
Authors: Shevchenko R. , Shevchenko N.
Published: October 2024

The study conducts a systematic theoretical analysis of the concept of «key competencies of future specialists» in line with the ideas and provisions of modern foreign and domestic regulatory documents, scientific positions of leading scientists in the subject area, and methodological materials of practicing teachers.
The purpose of the article is to identify the theoretical foundations of the interpretation of the concept of «key competencies of future specialists» in the educational and professional contexts of training in institutions of pre-university and higher education by means of generalization, comparison and synthesis of leading scientific positions.
The article analyzes the interrelationships and dependencies of the concepts of «competence approach», «competence», «key competence»; the scientific approaches of domestic and foreign scientists to the systematic classification of groups of personal competencies (key – over subject, inter-subject; subject – acquired in the course of studying a particular discipline).
The conclusions are drawn that competencies are a dynamic combination of knowledge, understanding, skills, abilities and abilities. The development of competencies is the goal of educational programs. Competencies are formed in different academic disciplines and assessed at different stages. Scientists argue that the competency-based approach, along with specific knowledge and skills, includes abilities, readiness to learn, readiness for professional activity, social skills, etc.; all these qualities are formed in the process of professional training. Modern employers are increasingly prioritizing the requirements for graduates of higher and higher education institutions to have systemic, intellectual, and communication skills, the ability to self-organize and organize the activities of employees, and the ability to reflect on their own activities, so society's requirements for the educational activities of vocational schools are constantly growing. The main features of the key competencies of future specialists are: multifunctionality (allowing to solve various problems of everyday professional or social life); supersubjectivity and interdisciplinarity (can be applied not only in the process of education, but also at work, in the family, in the political sphere); multidimensionality (including thought processes, intellectual skills, creative discoveries); determining the need for intellectual development of the individual (abstract thinking, critical thinking, self-reflection, recognition of one's own position).
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF YOUNG CHILDREN: METHODS AND PRACTICES
Authors: Bursova S. , Vashak O.
Published: October 2024

The article highlights modern approaches to physical education of young children in modern preschool educational institutions, in particular, traditional forms of activities and innovative methods. The main forms of physical education, such as morning gymnastics, physical culture classes, mobile games and hardening procedures, are complemented by author’s and non-traditional methods, such as self-massage using Su-jok technology. Special attention is paid to the game methods proposed by M. Yefimenko and the introduction of information and communication technologies increasing the effectiveness and interest of classes. Particular attention is paid to the use of baby yoga for the physical and emotional development of young children. The importance of creating favorable conditions for independent motor activity of children is also emphasized. The article contains practical recommendations for the implementation of these methods into the educational process of preschool educational institutions.
The purpose of the article is to distinguish the peculiarities of the organization of physical education in groups of young children.
Among the research methods a scientific analysis of psychological and pedagogical sources, priority documents of the Ukrainian state educational policy is presented, where various problems related to the organization of physical education of young children in preschool educational institutions are outlined, its meaning and role of modern forms and methods of physical education of children are revealed in early age groups.
Findings of the results indicated the need for further search for modern technologies and methods of physical development of young children in order to improve the quality of the educational process in preschool educational institutions.
The conclusions emphasize that the introduction of original and non-traditional methods, such as self-massage using Su-jok technology, as well as game methods proposed by M. Yefimenko, significantly increase the effectiveness and interest of classes. The use of information and communication technologies and baby yoga helps in the development of children’s physical and emotional skills, makes classes diverse and attractive for children.
DIDACTIC AND METHODOLOGICAL BASES FOR ENSURING THE STUDY OF CHEMISTRY BY FUTURE SPECIALISTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
Authors: Tytarenko O.
Published: October 2024

The article actualizes the research task of substantiating the didactic (content of the leading topics) and methodological (topics and objectives of laboratory work) foundations for ensuring general and professionally oriented competencies in the study of chemistry by future technology teachers and vocational education specialists. It is proposed to include the following topics in the content of training of higher education applicants majoring in 014.10 Secondary Education (Technology): basic concepts and laws of chemistry, periodic law and the D. Mendelieev’s periodic table of chemical elements; main classes of inorganic compounds; hydrocarbons; oxygen-containing organic compounds; non-trogen-containing organic compounds; general properties of high molecular weight compounds; chemical fibers; plastic masses. This block of the discipline includes laboratory work developed by the article author in accordance with the content of each topic.
The article concludes the importance of chemical disciplines in the implementation of the educational profiles «Woodworking», «Agricultural Production», «Cooking», «Construction», «Energy», «Design and Modeling of Clothes», «Light Industry», «Design Basics», «Metalworking», etc. in high school in Ukraine.
A política de emprego e renda no Brasil: de Getúlio Vargas a Jair Bolsonaro
Authors: Oliveira Ednéia Alves de
Published: October 2024

Este livro apresenta as principais políticas criadas no Brasil com relação ao emprego e renda, compreendendo o período que vai de Vargas a Bolsonaro. Por políticas de emprego entendemos as políticas ativas e passivas, sendo que as primeiras compreendem os programas de intermediação da mão de obra, programas de crédito para fomento do empreendedorismo, programas de qualificação, formação reciclagem dos trabalhadores, dentre outros. A política passiva de emprego seriam aquelas como seguro desemprego, antecipação da aposentadoria, abonos salariais etc. Já a política de renda está circunscrita aos programas de “combate à pobreza” ou ainda denominadas de políticas de “transferência de renda”, numa alusão falaciosa de uma provável redistribuição da renda entre ricos e pobres. No nosso entendimento tais políticas caminham em paralelo, sobretudo em países periféricos, como é o caso do Brasil, tendo em vista a desigualdade econômica e social construída ao longo do nosso processo de formação sócio-histórica
O ensino investigativo e a Educação Ambiental: os microplásticos como tema gerador
Authors: Oliveira Rayane Borges Ananias dos Santos , Silva Andressa Noronha Barbosa da
Published: October 2024

Com o objetivo de estimular os estudantes a elaborar hipóteses, bem como buscar soluções para resoluções de problemas, as Sequências de Ensino Investigativas (SEI) têm demonstrado potencial didático ao serem aplicadas à estudantes do nível fundamental de ensino, essencialmente naqueles das turmas de ciências. As SEI possibilitam maior interação e envolvimento dos estudantes nas aulas, tornando-os protagonistas do processo ensino-aprendizagem, permitindo o desenvolvimento de habilidades relacionadas ao conhecimento científico. Essa metodologia foi aplicada em três etapas em uma turma do 6° ano do ensino fundamental, com a temática “plásticos e microplásticos nos ecossistemas aquáticos”. Os estudantes demonstraram motivação e assumiram o papel de protagonistas em seus próprios processos de aprendizagem. Eles também aprimoraram seu pensamento crítico e foram capazes de levantar hipóteses sobre problemas do cotidiano, como a geração e o descarte inadequado de resíduos, contribuindo, assim, para a formação de cidadãos conscientes em relação às questões ambientais. Dessa maneira, os alunos exploraram a interface da Educação Ambiental, evidenciando sua importância no ensino de ciências para os anos finais do ensino fundamental, de forma prazerosa tanto para o ensino quanto para a aprendizagem. Esses dados mostram que as SEIs promovem um aprendizado dinâmico, envolvente e conectado à prática científica, contribuindo para a formação de estudantes mais preparados para pensar criticamente e agir de forma autônoma diante de problemas complexos.
Concepções ambientais de atores sociais residentes no entorno do Parque Nacional do Iguaçu
Authors: Rodrigues Karlen , Sereia Diesse Aparecida de Oliveira , Obara Ana Tiyomi
Published: October 2024

Este estudo investigou concepções ambientais de atores sociais que interagem com o Parque Nacional do Iguaçu (PR). A pesquisa possui natureza qualitativa e a constituição dos dados ocorreu por meio da aplicação de um questionário. Os dados foram analisados em consonância com a Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram que, apesar da predominância da concepção crítica de Educação Ambiental, a maioria dos participantes expressou uma visão naturalista de meio ambiente e uma dissociação entre problemas sociais e ambientais, destacando a necessidade de envolver a população para ampliar o conhecimento sobre a importância da conservação da biodiversidade, mitigar conflitos socioambientais e aprimorar as potencialidades territoriais.
Análise do terrorismo e suas implicações legais e práticas no Brasil: crime organizado e segurança pública
Authors: Silva Luiz Fernando da
Published: October 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o conceito de terrorismo e suas implicações legais e práticas no Brasil, destacando a atuação do crime organizado e das forças de segurança na preservação da ordem pública. O estudo se justifica pela crescente relevância do terrorismo em discussões políticas e sociais no Brasil, especialmente com a promulgação da Lei Antiterrorismo em 2016, e a necessidade de avaliar a eficácia das ações de combate ao terrorismo no contexto nacional. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi conduzida com base em revisão bibliográfica de artigos científicos e documentos legais, a qual permitiu uma análise das interações entre facções criminosas e práticas terroristas, além de examinar a atuação das forças de segurança. Observou-se que, embora o Brasil não seja um alvo frequente de terrorismo internacional, as facções criminosas atuam de forma similar a grupos terroristas, desafiando a segurança pública. O estudo aponta a necessidade de aprimorar as legislações e de uma maior integração entre as forças de segurança para enfrentar essas ameaças. Concluiu-se que o Brasil, ao reforçar suas políticas antiterroristas e a cooperação interinstitucional, estará mais bem preparado para lidar com as ameaças do terrorismo e do crime organizado, mantendo a ordem pública e a segurança nacional.
Kegiatan Magang Sebagai Profit and Revenue Growth Analyst pada PT Tirta Investama
Authors: Nugroho Aurellio Fadel , Ghazi Muhammad , Purbasari RR Niken
Published: October 2024

MBKM is a program by the government that aims to eliminate the skills gap between current manpower available to the industry needs. This report explains the writer’s experience during the internship program at PT Tirta Investama (Danone Indonesia) as Profit and Revenue Growth Analyst. In the program, the writer is assigned to do monthly finance reporting, involved in digitalization project, analyzed a certain business case, and built sales support dashboard. This internship experience helps the writer to develop the skills more, such as communication skills, ability to work in team, and another technical ability such as Microsoft Excel and Power BI. A few administrative technicalities should be improved in order to make this program better
LearnMAPWay Certified Independent Study Program di PT Mitra Adiperkasa Tbk
Authors: Ramadhan Fauzan Daffa , Karmudiandri Arwina , Firnanti Friska
Published: October 2024

Independent study LearnMAPWay Certified Independent Study Program is an off-campus learning program organized by the Kampus Merdeka, which aims to provide knowledge related to the retail business world represented by PT Mitra Adiperkasa Tbk as the company that provides the education. The material to be delivered is related to operations, visual merchandising, and merchandising. This independent study program aims to provide students with knowledge about the world of retail business so that students can become entrepreneurs after completing their studies.
Rediscovering History: The Revival of the Cluj Pharmacy Museum
Authors: Robert Offner Prof. Dr. Med.
Published: October 2024

Among the oldest known public pharmacies in Transylvania, established by city magistrates and operated by tenant pharmacists, are those in the most important and wealthiest towns of the Transylvanian Saxons: Sibiu [German: Hermannstadt, Hungarian: Nagyszeben] (1494), Brașov [German: Kronstadt, Hungarian: Brassó] (1512), and Bistrița [German: Bistritz, Hungarian: Beszterce] (1516). Those pharmacy foundations are based on models from the German-speaking area. The same applies to the third largest city in Transylvania, although the establishment of the first municipal pharmacy in Cluj [German: Klausenburg, Hungarian: Kolozsvár] is not documented, but the existence of this is suggested by the fact that Wolfgang Theke, a pharmacist from Buda (today: Budapest), moved first to Brașov, then to Sibiu, and later to Cluj in 1543.
Efficacy of Pembrolizumab in the Treatment of Advenced Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Siqueira Braga Ariane Luiza de , Oliveira Meireles Daniel de , Ribeiro Junior Hércules da Costa
Published: October 2024

Colorectal cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality among patients with neoplasia worldwide, just behind to breast and prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pembrolizumab in advanced colorectal neoplasms, to offer patients greater survival. A search for scientific papers was carried out on the Pubmed and Lilacs platforms, using the following descriptors "colorectal cancer", "pembrolizumab" and "efficacy", both in Portuguese and in English, both being connected by the Boolean descriptor "AND". Thus, a total of 33 articles were included after inclusion and exclusion criteria. Despite the progress of studies, these lines of treatment are limited to patients due to the high cost of medications.
A Hszincsiangból menekült kazakok sorsa és új hazára találása Törökországban
Authors: Babakhumar Khinayat
Published: October 2024

A tanulmány a kazakok Belső-Ázsiából, Hszincsiangból Törökországba vezető, nagy áldozattal járó, Indián és Pakisztánon keresztül megtett hosszú útját és az új hazában történt letelepedésüket, majd a törökországi kazak diaszpóra fejlődésének kérdéseit tekinti át. Több ezer kilométert tettek meg a menekültek kisgyerekekkel és idős családtagjaikkal magas hegyeken, mocsáron és sivatagon át, ló- és teveháton, vasúton és vízi úton, míg elérték Törökországot. Taglalja az új hazában felmerülő problémákat és az azokra adott megoldásokat, melyből az is kiderül, hogy az új környezetben is mekkora szerepe van a hagyományok megtartásának, a rokoni kapcsolatok fenntartásának és a világnézeti alapú összetartásnak. Megmutatjuk azokat a társadalmi, kisközösségi változásokat, amelyek a beilleszkedés folyamatában léptek fel, valamint azokat a gazdasági és kulturális szervezeteket, amelyek a kazak diaszpóra fenntarthatóságát és önazonosságának fennmaradását szolgálják. Az új környezetben a beilleszkedés és városiasodás különböző szakaszait megélő kazakok egy része tovább megy Nyugat-Európába, ezzel újabb diaszpórák kialakulását alapozva meg.
A tudományba vetett bizalom alakulása: értékek és dimenziók
Authors: Kobl Gabriella Adrienn
Published: October 2024

A megoldandó tudományos kérdések növekvő száma és bonyolultsága új kihívások elé állítja a társadalom tudományokba vetett bizalmát, ami globálisan csökkenő tendenciát mutat. Ez a bizalomvesztés összefügg azzal, mennyire tartjuk fontosnak a tudomány episztemikus értékeit. A tudományba vetett bizalom csökkenésének hátterében három dimenziót tárgyalok jelen tanulmányomban: politika, média, és oktatás. Vizsgálom, hogy milyen szerepet játszik a politika a tudomány elfogadásában, valamint hogyan befolyásolják a média technológiai változásai és a közösségi média platformok a tudományos tartalmak megítélését. Emellett megvizsgálom, hogy a tudomány kommunikációjának célzott művelése hogyan járulhat hozzá a tudományos műveltség fejlődéséhez. Végül megfontolom a STEM-oktatás és a médiaoktatás összeolvadásának lehetőségét, mint a tudományos műveltség és a hamis hírek felismerésének egyik eszközét.
Les complexités de la prise en charge des enfants à besoins spéciaux: Les expériences et défis contemporaine des parents d’accueil en Hongrie
Authors: Kothencz János
Published: October 2024

Cette étude examine les défis complexes rencontrés par les parents d’accueil en Hongrie qui s’occupent d’enfants à besoins spéciaux. S’appuyant sur les données d’une enquête exhaustive réalisée parmi les parents d’accueil en 2022, la recherche met en lumière les complexités de fournir des soins et un soutien adéquat aux enfants ayant des handicaps physiques, mentaux ou comportementaux dans le contexte du système de placement familial. Les résultats soulignent le besoin urgent d’une aide financière accrue, d’un meilleur accès aux soins spécialisés et d’une collaboration renforcée entre les parents d’accueil et les professionnels pour protéger le bien-être et le développement de ces enfants vulnérables. À travers une lentille sociologique et philosophique, cette étude explore les implications plus larges de ces défis sur le système de placement familial et la société dans son ensemble.
A boldogság relatív
Authors: Bakonyi Péter
Published: October 2024

Ma már nem olvasok sci-fit. (Pedig 20 éve még írtam is.) Unalmasak, közhelyesek lettek, már nem a tiszta fantázia, hanem a spekuláció termékei elsősorban. A tudomány beérte az irodalmi fantáziát, és most már egymás mellett totyognak tovább. Érdemleges űrcélok fényév-milliókra lehetnek, ükunokáink se fogják látni őket. Persze, mint lehetséges jövő, sosem is érdekeltek engem, s mint krimik sem. Csak az ember érdekelt, a földi, aki valamivel szokatlanabb környezetben érez, beszél és cselekszik, valamint a másik ember, aki az egészet kitalálta. Idelenn. Az „űrözés” tehát, ami ma folyik, nem futurológia, hanem valami más. De mi? Ezen a kérdésen is elmélkedik ez az esszé-tárca, egy kicsit mosolyogva, bár ez nem indokolt.