bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Implementing Circular Waste Management System and Energy Recovery in a City with 100,000 Inhabitants on Nitrogen Emissions by 2035
Authors: Suchowska-Kisielewicz Monika , Jędrczak Andrzej
Published: December 2023

Recent years have observed a reconstruction of the waste management system from a linear resource flow economy to a circular economy. This approach is reflected in the provisions of the Waste Framework Directive (2018), which introduces, among others, new recycling targets for municipal waste which require, by 2025, 55% of the municipal waste to be recycled, in 2030—60%, and in 2035—65%. The ambitious targets adopted for preparing for the reuse and recycling of municipal waste will not be achieved without a high level of the recycling of bio-waste. This paper studies the quantification of municipal waste and nitrogen in a circular municipal waste management system (MWM) implemented for a city of 100,000. It was assumed that MWM would meet the requirements in terms of EU and Polish circular waste management goal legislation for the years 2025, 2030 and 2035. The research results showed that the development of a separate waste collection will reduce the waste delivered to MBT. The required MBT capacity will decrease by almost 2.4 times. Moreover, it has been shown that the introduction of a closed-loop MWM will result in an almost two-fold reduction in the amount of nitrogen going to the landfill and an increase in the mass of nitrogen that can be used to fertilize the soil (by approximately 22%). Furthermore, it has been shown that the most favorable option for an organic waste treatment is the anaerobic–aerobic process. This solution provides the highest biogas production and the lowest nitrogen gas emissions to air.
Ammonia Airship Cooling: An Option for Renewable Cooling in the Tropics
Authors: Hunt Julian David , Zakeri Behnam , Nascimento Andreas , Guo Fei , Freitas Marcos Aurélio Vasconcelos de , Silva Cristiano Vitorino , van Ruijven Bas
Published: December 2023

The world is warming, and the demand for cooling is increasing. Developing a future green hydrogen economy will also increase the demand for cooling for hydrogen liquefaction. This increase in cooling demand will happen mainly in tropical and developing countries due to their increase in population, improvements in quality of life, and the export of their renewable potential with liquid hydrogen. To solve this increase in demand for cooling, this paper proposes the use of ammonia airship cooling (AAC). AAC extracts cold from the tropopause (−80 °C) with airships and ammonia refrigeration cycles. The liquid ammonia is then transported back to the surface to provide low temperature cooling services (−33 °C). This cooling service is particularly interesting for lowering the electricity consumption in hydrogen liquefaction plants. If all the technological challenges mentioned in the paper are addressed, it is estimated that the cost of cooling with the technology is 8.25 USD/MWht and that AAC could reduce the electricity demand for hydrogen liquefaction by 30%. AAC is an innovative renewable cooling technology that has the potential to complement other renewable energy sources in a sustainable future.
Bayesian Inference-Based Energy Management Strategy for Techno-Economic Optimization of a Hybrid Microgrid
Authors: Benallal Abdellah , Cheggaga Nawal , Ilinca Adrian , Tchoketch-Kebir Selma , Ait Hammouda Camelia , Barka Noureddine
Published: December 2023

This paper introduces a novel techno-economic feasibility analysis of energy management utilizing the Homer software v3.14.5 environment for an independent hybrid microgrid. This study focuses on a school with twelve classes, classifying the electrical components of the total load into three priority profiles: green, orange, and red. The developed approach involves implementing demand management for the hybrid microgrid through Bayesian inference, emphasizing goal-directed decision making within embodied or active inference. The Bayesian inference employs three parameters as inputs: the total production of the hybrid system, the load demand, and the state of charge of batteries to determine the supply for charge consumption. By framing decision making and action selection as variational Bayesian inference, the approach transforms the problem from selecting an optimal action to making optimal inferences about control. The results have led to the creation of a Bayesian inference approach for the new demand management strategy, applicable to load profiles resembling those of commercial and service institutions. Furthermore, Bayesian inference management has successfully reduced the total unmet load on secondary and tertiary priority charges to 1.9%, thereby decreasing the net present cost, initial cost, and energy cost by 37.93%, 41.43%, and 36.71%, respectively. This significant cost reduction has enabled a substantial decrease in investments for the same total energy consumption.
The Influence of Reservoir Architecture on the Connectivity of the Shahejie Formation in the Liuzhong Oilfield
Authors: Cao Tongfeng , Cui Jian , He Yingzheng , Ma Limin , Qiao Wei , Liu Yuming
Published: December 2023

The lack of research on fine reservoir structure and sand body patterns in the Jidong Oilfield currently restricts the efficient development of the oilfield. Therefore, this article mainly focuses on the study of the main types of facies of the Shahejie Formation, sand body splicing patterns, and the degree of sand-body connectivity. The interpretation and analysis of well-logging, three-dimensional (3D) seismic, and production data were used to lay the foundation for the study and evaluate the remaining oil distribution. The results indicate that the reservoir sandstones in the study area were mainly deposited in a submerged distributary channel, mouth bar, and distributary channel flank. Using logging information to identify individual sands, a deltaic sand assemblage pattern is proposed by analyzing the sedimentary architecture. In the vertical direction, the deltaic sand body collocation style can be divided into cut-and-stack and separated types. In the lateral direction, the multi-stage sand bodies exhibit three collocation patterns: the side-cutting type, the mouth bar contact type, and the submerged distributary channel flank contact type. The degree of sand-body connectivity under different splicing patterns was analyzed and verified using production dynamic data. It was found that the sand body splicing pattern with a vertical up-cut stack and the sand body splicing pattern with a lateral up-cut had the best inter-sand-body connectivity.
Demand-Side Management as a Network Planning Tool: Review of Drivers, Benefits and Opportunities for South Africa
Authors: Ratshitanga Mukovhe , Mataifa Haltor , Krishnamurthy Senthil , Tshinavhe Ntanganedzeni
Published: December 2023

The reliability and security of an electric power supply have become pivotal to the proper functioning of modern society. Traditionally, the electric power supply system has been designed with the objective of being able to adequately meet present and future demand, with efforts to maintain supply reliability being focused primarily on the supply side. Over the decades, however, the value of demand-side management—efforts focused on enhancing the efficient and effective use of electricity in support of the power system and customer needs—has been widely acknowledged as being able to play a greater role in ensuring that the key objectives of power system operation are satisfied. This article presents a study of demand-side management and opportunities for incorporating it into network planning as an effective means of addressing supply capacity constraints in the South African electric grid. The main drivers, benefits and potential barriers to the effective implementation of demand-side management are examined, along with the main enabling technologies. The key finding of the study is that the effective integration of demand-side management into network planning requires a shift from the traditional network planning approach to one that is more suited to fully exploiting the flexibility resources available on the demand side of the network.
Economic Dispatch between Distribution Grids and Virtual Power Plants under Voltage Security Constraints
Authors: Yang Tiankai , Wang Jixiang , Liang Yongliang , Xiang Chuan , Wang Chao
Published: December 2023

Due to the high penetration of virtual power plants (VPPs), the bi-directional power flow between VPPs and active distribution grids makes the grid operation complex. Without congestion management, the operation schedule only considers the economic benefits, and power flow constraints might be violated. Hence, it is necessary to conduct power interaction within the operation constraints. This paper proposes a coordinated economic dispatch method under voltage security constraints. The linear expressions were derived by simplifying the AC power flow equations to reduce the computation complicity. Then, optimal economic dispatch models with voltage security constraints were established for the active distribution grid and VPPs, respectively. Meanwhile, the transacted power and clearing price were set as the communication variables, and a coordinated strategy was proposed for the overall optimal goal. The modified IEEE 33-node and PG&E-node distribution grids were utilized for the simulations, and the results affirmed the validity of the proposed method.
Simulation of the Asphaltene Deposition Rate in Oil Wells under Different Multiphase Flow Condition
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Dong Pingchuan , Zhang Youheng , Gao Xiaodong , Chen Shun , Tian Ming , Cui Yongxing
Published: December 2023

As the wellbore pressure falls below the bubble point pressure, the light components in the oil phase are liberated, forming additional vapor, and the single-phase flow becomes a gas–liquid two-phase flow. However, most studies simplify the multiphase flow to a single-phase flow to study asphaltene deposition in wellbores. This assumption under multiphase conditions may lead to inaccurate prediction results and a substantial economic and operational burden for the oil and gas industry. Therefore, it is crucial to predict the deposition rate of asphaltene in a multiphase flow to assist in minimizing this issue. To do so, the volume of fluid coupling level-set (VOSET) model was used to obtain the flow pattern (bubble, slug, churn, and annular) in the current work. In the next step, the VOSET + k-ε turbulent + DPM models were used to simulate asphaltene deposition in a multiphase flow. Finally, the effects of different parameters, such as the gas superficial velocity, liquid superficial velocity, particle diameter, interfacial tension, viscosity, and average deposition rate, were investigated. The findings revealed that the maximum average deposition rate of asphaltene particles in a bubble flow is 1.35, 1.62, and 2 times that of a slug flow, churning flow, and annular mist flow, respectively. As the apparent velocity of the gas phase escalates from 0.5 m/s to 4 m/s, the average deposition rate experiences an increase of 82%. Similarly, when the apparent velocity of the liquid phase rises from 1 m/s to 5 m/s, the average deposition rate is amplified by a factor of 2.1. An increase in particle diameter from 50 μm to 400 μm results in a 27% increase in the average deposition rate. When the oil–gas interfacial tension is augmented from 0.02 n/m to 0.1 n/m, the average deposition rate witnesses an 18% increase. Furthermore, an increase in crude oil viscosity from 0.012 mPa·s to 0.06 mPa·s leads to a 34% increase in the average deposition rate. These research outcomes contribute to a deeper understanding of the asphaltene deposition problem under multiphase flow conditions and offer fresh perspectives on the asphaltene deposition issue in the oil and gas industry.
Solar and Climatic Factors Affecting Tree-Ring Growth of Mountain Birch (Betula pubescens) beyond the Northern Timberline on Kola Peninsula, Northwestern Russia
Authors: Shumilov Oleg I. , Kasatkina Elena A. , Potorochin Evgeniy O.
Published: December 2023

A 105-year chronology (AD 1917–2021) was developed from mountain birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) from beyond the coniferous treeline on the Kola Peninsula in Northwestern Russia (68.86 N, 34.69 E). A total of 22 trees were cored, including the oldest living mountain birch of 105 years old. The highest correlations occurred for the May temperature (r = 0.39, p < 0.01) and July sunshine duration (r = −0.39, p < 0.05). The increase in radial growth in May seemed to be caused by snowmelt giving rise to soil temperature, which can lead to a resumption in radial growth after winter dormancy. The negative correlation with the July sunshine duration seemed to be connected to changes in the spectral composition of solar radiation in the red to far-red ratio in the end of the polar day in July. The application of wavelet coherency revealed a significant (>95%) connection between the radial growth of B. pubescens, and solar activity in frequency bands encompassed the main solar cycles: 5.5 years (the second harmonic of the Schwabe cycle), 11 years (the Schwabe cycle) and 22 years (the Hale cycle). The results show that the northernmost birch trees in Europe are suited for tree-ring research. This allows us to expand the area of dendrochronological research further beyond the conifer treeline above the Polar Circle.
Dynamic Evaluation and Forecasting Analysis of Touristic Ecological Carrying Capacity of Forest Parks in China
Authors: Lu Jiawei , Chen Haibo
Published: December 2023

Forest park tourism ecological security is the cornerstone of ensuring ecological tourism safety. Delineating the ecological carrying capacity within forest parks is crucial for enhancing the security of forest tourism resources. This study utilizes statistical data from China’s forest parks spanning 2004 to 2019, employing methodologies to comprehensively depict the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of forest park tourism ecology in China. Subsequently, this research forecasts the prospective trajectory of forest park tourism ecology in China from 2020 to 2029. The research findings reveal that China’s forest park tourism ecological footprint exhibits oscillating characteristics, while the overall touristic ecological carrying capacity shows a sustained upward trend. However, a significant portion of regions experience deficits in tourism ecology. Notably, the coldspot regions with ecological security features demonstrate relative stability, while the hotspot areas gradually transition from inland to eastern coastal regions. Spatially and temporally, the disparities in touristic ecological profit and deficit depict a “U”-shaped distribution, more pronounced along the east–west axis than the north–south orientation. The migratory shift in the touristic ecological surplus and deficit center gravitates towards the southwest, demonstrating a fluctuating trend characterized by varying migration speeds. The discernible difference between the east and west concerning touristic ecological profit and deficit amplifies the likelihood of imbalance, surpassing disparities between the north and south. Projections suggest a deepening forest park tourism ecological deficit in China from 2020 to 2029, particularly accentuating the unsustainable development of forest park resources in economically developed regions. Through this study, a more comprehensive understanding of the current status and changing trends in the ecological carrying capacity of forest park tourism can be obtained. This research provides theoretical and practical support to promote sustainable tourism development and establishes a solid foundation for the ecological security of future forest park tourism.
Introducing a New Pyrogenic Podzolic Sub-Horizon to Clarify Organic Matter Pools in Pine Forest Soils
Authors: Nadporozhskaya Marina , Mirin Denis , Zhuravleva Vladislava , Stadnik Ekaterina , Yakkonen Kirill
Published: December 2023

Pine-green moss forests on Podzols exhibit high susceptibility to fire. Subsequent to wildfire, soot and charcoal enter the soil profile and accumulate in the upper part of the podzolic horizon (E). This process results in the development of a greying pyrogenic podzol horizon (Epyr). The maximum concentration of pyrogenic components accumulates in the surface layer of Epyr, which is 1 to 4 cm thick and the darkest in colour. The comprehensive soil descriptions showed the existence of a fine pyrogenic layer between the forest floor and mineral horizon. This layer was not analysed. The current shift in science towards assessing the environmental aspects of soil organic matter dynamics requires a more detailed study of the soil profile. We suggest distinguishing the pyrogenic organic mineral sub-horizon of the Eopyr as the upper Epyr layer. Our results show this sub-horizon contains sand, humus, detritus, and charcoal. It forms around 6%–22% of the entire organic matter pools in the biologically active part of the soil (0–30 cm). Further research is needed to obtain reliable qualitative and quantitative data on Eopyr.
Autoregressive Forecasting of the Number of Forest Fires Using an Accumulated MODIS-Based Fuel Dryness Index
Authors: Vega-Nieva Daniel José , Briseño-Reyes Jaime , López-Serrano Pablito-Marcelo , Corral-Rivas José Javier , Pompa-García Marín , Cruz-López María Isabel , Cuahutle Martin , Ressl Rainer , Alvarado-Celestino Ernesto , Burgan Robert E.
Published: December 2023

There is a need to convert fire danger indices into operational estimates of fire activity to support strategic fire management, particularly under climate change. Few studies have evaluated multiple accumulation times for indices that combine both dead and remotely sensed estimates of live fuel moisture, and relatively few studies have aimed at predicting fire activity from both such fuel moisture estimates and autoregressive terms of previous fires. The current study aimed at developing models to forecast the 10-day number of fires by state in Mexico, from an accumulated Fuel Dryness Index (FDI) and an autoregressive term from the previous 10-day observed number of fires. A period of 50 days of accumulated FDI (FDI50) provided the best results to forecast the 10-day number of fires from each state. The best predictions (R2 > 0.6–0.75) were obtained in the largest states, with higher fire activity, and the lower correlations were found in small or very dry states. Autoregressive models showed good skill (R2 of 0.99–0.81) to forecast FDI50 for the next 10 days based on previous fuel dryness observations. Maps of the expected number of fires showed potential to reproduce fire activity. Fire predictions might be enhanced with gridded weather forecasts in future studies.
Biohydrogen Production from Buckwheat Residue Using Anaerobic Mixed Bacteria
Authors: Dursun Nesrin
Published: December 2023

In the world, wastes/residues from agricultural activities are rapidly increasing, causing environmental problems. These wastes/residues can be used for the production of biohydrogen as a raw material. In this context, buckwheat crop residue, which has not been found in any study on biohydrogen production potential in the literature research, was investigated for biological hydrogen production via the dark fermentation method. This study was conducted in anaerobic batch bioreactors containing buckwheat or buckwheat extract + pretreated anaerobic mixed bacteria + nutrients, in a darkroom, at 37 ± 1 °C. Gas analyses, organic acid analyses and taxonomic content analyses were performed in bioreactors under different operating conditions (initial pH and organic loading rate). Biological hydrogen production was determined in all bioreactors. In addition, hydrogen production was found to be higher in bioreactors where biomass was used directly. The maximum biohydrogen production was determined to be 11,749.10−4 mL at 1.20 g. buckwheat/L and 446.10−4 mL at 1.20 g. buckwheat extract/L at pH 4.5. According to the taxonomic content species’ level ratios, (i) in bioreactors where biomass was used directly, Hathewaya histolytica and Clostridium butyricum were detected at pH values of 4.5 and 4.0, respectively; and (ii) in bioreactors where biomass extract liquid was used, Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium tertium were determined as the most dominant bacteria at pH values of 4.5 and 4.0, respectively.
Investigating the Key Aspects of a Smart City through Topic Modeling and Thematic Analysis
Authors: Kousis Anestis , Tjortjis Christos
Published: December 2023

In recent years, the emergence of the smart city concept has garnered attention as a promising innovation aimed at addressing the multifactorial challenges arising from the concurrent trends of urban population growth and the climate crisis. In this study, we delve into the multifaceted dimensions of the smart city paradigm to unveil its underlying structure, employing a combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques. To achieve this, we collected textual data from three sources: scientific publication abstracts, news blog posts, and social media entries. For the analysis of this textual data, we introduce an innovative semi-automated methodology that integrates topic modeling and thematic analysis. Our findings highlight the intricate nature of the smart city domain, which necessitates examination from three perspectives: applications, technology, and socio-economic perspective. Through our analysis, we identified ten distinct aspects of the smart city paradigm, encompassing mobility, energy, infrastructure, environment, IoT, data, business, planning and administration, security, and people. When comparing the outcomes across the three diverse datasets, we noted a relative lack of attention within the scientific community towards certain aspects, notably in the realm of business, as well as themes relevant to citizens’ everyday lives, such as food, shopping, and green spaces. This work reveals the underlying thematic structure of the smart city concept to help researchers, practitioners, and public administrators participate effectively in smart city transformation initiatives. Furthermore, it introduces a novel data-driven method for conducting thematic analysis on large text datasets.
The Simultaneous Use of 1-Methylcyclopropene and Methyl Jasmonate Vapor as an Innovative Strategy for Reducing Chilling Injury and Maintaining Pomegranate Fruit Quality at Suboptimal Temperatures
Authors: Lorente-Mento José Manuel , Serrano María , Martínez-Romero Domingo , Ruiz-Aracil María Celeste , Valero Daniel , Guillén Fabián
Published: December 2023

Spain is one of the main contributors to global pomegranate production. Pomegranate presents a challenge for preservation at suboptimal temperatures. Preserving this fruit for an extended period is challenging due to its susceptibility to chilling injury (CI). For this reason, we have examined different postharvest treatments to extend the pomegranate shelf life and their potential impact on reducing CI. For this reason, two postharvest treatments have been applied: 1-Methylcyclopropene (1000 nL L−1 1-MCP) and methyl jasmonate vapors (0.01 mM MeJA), a natural elicitor found in many plant organs that induces a wide range of physiological processes, including the activation of defense mechanisms against stress. Following the application of these treatments and subsequent fruit storage at 2 °C for 90 days, maintenance of firmness and membrane integrity was observed. Additionally, a positive synergic effect was observed in these quality traits when combining both substances (1-MCP + MeJA), especially with regard to delaying weight loss, the external color evolution, and total polyphenol accumulation. On the other hand, MeJA treatment alone or in combination with 1-MCP also increased the anthocyanin content in arils, thereby enhancing the fruit quality. In general, the best results were observed when these two different technologies were applied as a combined treatment, especially in terms of maintaining quality traits such as fruit firmness and total acidity and reducing weight loss and CI. This is the first time that these two substances have been tested together in any fruit species, and their simultaneous application in the same container represents an innovative approach that could be an interesting tool for commercial purposes.
Comparative Anticancer Potential of Green Tea Extract and Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on Breast Cancer Spheroids
Authors: Santos Ronimara A. , Pessoa Heloisa Rodrigues , Daleprane Julio Beltrame , de Faria Lopes Giselle Pinto , da Costa Danielly C. Ferraz
Published: December 2023

Despite advances in diagnosis and therapy, breast cancer remains the leading cause of death in many countries. Green tea (GT) has been proposed to play a crucial role in cancer chemoprevention. Although extensive research has been conducted on GT phytochemicals, most experimental studies concentrate mainly on commercial formulations or isolated catechins. This study presents a comparative investigation into the anticancer properties of green tea extract (GTE) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in a three-dimensional (3D) MCF-7 breast cancer cell culture. MCF-7 spheroids were exposed to GTE or EGCG, and effects on 3D culture formation, growth, cell viability, and migration were examined. GTE inhibits cell migration and the formation of breast cancer spheroids more effectively than EGCG, while inducing more pronounced morphological changes in the spheroids’ structure. These findings suggest that the food matrix improves GTE effects on breast cancer spheroids, supporting the hypothesis that a mixture of phytochemicals might enhance its anticancer potential.
Biotechnological Potential and Safety Evaluation of Dextran- and Riboflavin-Producing Weisella cibaria Strains for Gluten-Free Baking
Authors: Russo Pasquale , Diez-Ozaeta Iñaki , Mangieri Nicola , Tamame Mercedes , Spano Giuseppe , Dueñas Maria Teresa , López Paloma , Mohedano Mari Luz
Published: December 2023

Gluten consumption causes several immunological and non-immunological intolerances in susceptible individuals. In this study, the dextran-producing Weissella cibaria BAL3C-5 and its derivative, the riboflavin-overproducing strain BAL3C-5 C120T, together with a commercial bakery yeast, were used to ferment gluten-free (GF)-doughs obtained from corn and rice flours at two different concentrations and supplemented with either quinoa, buckwheat, or chickpea to obtain laboratory-scale GF bread. The levels of dextran, riboflavin, and total flavins were determined in the fermented and breads. Both strains grew in fermented doughs and contributed dextran, especially to those made with corn plus quinoa (~1 g/100 g). The highest riboflavin (350–150 µg/100 g) and total flavin (2.3–1.75 mg/100 g) levels were observed with BAL3C-5 C120T, though some differences were detected between the various doughs or breads, suggesting an impact of the type of flour used. The safety assessment confirmed the lack of pathogenic factors in the bacterial strains, such as hemolysin and gelatinase activity, as well as the genetic determinants for biogenic amine production. Some intrinsic resistance to antibiotics, including vancomycin and kanamycin, was found. These results indicated the microbiological safety of both W. cibaria strains and indicated their potential application in baking to produce GF bread.
Quality Assessment of Minced Poultry Products Including Black Fermented Garlic
Authors: Augustyńska-Prejsnar Anna , Kačániová Miroslava , Ormian Małgorzata , Topczewska Jadwiga , Sokołowicz Zofia , Hanus Paweł
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of fermented black garlic on the quality of minced poultry products. Treatments were organized in four groups (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) containing either black fermented garlic (bg) or fresh garlic (fg), and a control (produced without garlic). The quality assessment of minced poultry products included physicochemical properties (weight losses, pH, colour and shear force), microbiological quality (Enterobacteriaceae, total count of bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and Pseudomonas spp.) and evaluation of sensory attributes. The results showed that the pH values in the black garlic groups, pH 6.06, 6.03, and 6.01, were lower than in the control group, pH 6.16, and tended to decrease during the period of cold storage. As the percentage of black garlic increased, there was a decrease in pH, the value of L* (brightness) from 76.16 in the control group to 48.03 in the group with 4% bg, while the value of b* (yellowing) increased analogously from 12.59 to 16.08. The use of black fermented garlic at 2% as a substitute for fresh garlic is a viable alternative to obtaining product with an acceptable taste and aroma. The addition of 4% black garlic was not acceptable to the assessors.
The Effect of Type of Vegetable Fat and Addition of Antioxidant Components on the Physicochemical Properties of a Pea-Based Meat Analogue
Authors: Kołodziejczak Klaudia , Onopiuk Anna , Szpicer Arkadiusz , Poltorak Andrzej
Published: December 2023

In recent years, interest in functional foods and meat analogues has increased. This study investigated the effect of the type of vegetable fat and ingredients with antioxidant activity on the properties of a meat analogue based on textured pea protein. The possibility of using acai oil (AO), canola oil (CO) and olive oil (OO); propolis extract (P); buckwheat honey (H); and jalapeno pepper extract (JE) was investigated. The texture, colour and selected chemical parameters of plant-based burgers were analysed. Results showed that burgers from control group had the lowest hardness, while burgers with honey had the highest. The highest MUFA content was found in samples with olive oil. Samples with honey were characterised by the highest content of polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity. The highest overall acceptability was observed in burgers from the JE-CO group. Therefore, it is possible to use selected ingredients with antioxidant activity in the recipe for a plant-based burger with high product acceptability.
Compositional Changes during Storage of Industrially Produced Olive Oils Co-Milled with Olive Leaves
Authors: Novoselić Anja , Gallina Tosci Tullia , Klisović Dora , Tura Matilde , Brkić Bubola Karolina
Published: December 2023

The possibility of enriching the oil produced from Leccino cultivar olive fruits with phenolic and volatile compounds by adding olive leaves (2.5%) during industrial-scale production were investigated. Furthermore, the influence of the addition of leaves on the oil quality, composition, and oxidative stability during storage for 6 and 12 months was studied. A slight negative impact on the oil quality after processing with leaves was determined. The addition of leaves had no influence on the total saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in oils, while it influenced increases in total phenolic compounds (+29.55%), total secoiridoids (+29.43%), chlorophylls (+47.59%), and the oil stability index (+18.70%), and their higher values were also determined in the stored oils. The addition of leaves increased C5 volatiles (+10.50%) but decreased C6 volatiles (−10.48%). The intensity of most of the positive sensory characteristics increased in fresh oils obtained with leaves, and the established improvements were also maintained in the stored oils. The extractability of olive paste was positively affected by the addition of olive leaves, which increased the oil yield (+27.17%). The obtained results significantly contribute to the knowledge about the possibilities of enriching olive oils with bioactive compounds.
Are Rural–Urban Differences in Bullying and Poly-Bullying Victimization Associated with Internet Addiction or Depressive Symptoms among Adolescents in Jiangsu Province of China
Authors: Huang Feng , Wang Yan , Xue Hui , Zhang Xiyan , Tian Yong , Du Wei , Fan Lijun , Yang Jie
Published: December 2023

Background: School bullying is a global problem. Although previous studies showed rural adolescents were at higher risk of being bullied compared to their urban counterparts, the rural–urban differences in the risk of bullying or poly-bullying victimization in relation with different characteristics and the joint association of internet addiction and depressive symptoms with the observed urban–rural disparities are unclear. Objective: We aim to investigate the rural–urban differences in bullying or poly-bullying victimization among adolescents and whether the observed rural–urban differences are associated specifically with internet addiction or depression. Methods: This cross-sectional study considered a total of 25,377 Grade 7 to 12 adolescents from the ‘Surveillance for Common Disease and Health Risk Factors among Students’ project implemented in Jiangsu Province in 2019. Rurality of residence was ascertained via the Regulation of Statistical Classification. We used Poisson regression to estimate the age–sex adjusted rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for bullying and poly-bullying victimization. Results: Approximately 20.26% (95%CI: 16.11–25.47%) and 7.67% (5.48–10.74%) rural adolescents experienced bullying and poly-bullying, in comparison with 16.50% (12.65–21.52%) and 5.81% (4.34–7.78%) urban adolescents, respectively. Rural adolescents had 14% and 23% higher rates of bullying victimization (RR: 1.14, 95%CI: 1.03–1.26) and poly-victimization (RR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.05–1.44) than their urban counterparts. When further controlled for internet addiction, the observed rural–urban disparities increased among adolescents with depressive symptoms, whereas diminished among those without depressive symptoms.
Enhancing the Quality of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Current Indicators and Future Trends
Authors: Ferrari Caesar , Tadros Micheal
Published: December 2023

The quality of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (EGD) is crucial and carries significant consequences for patient outcomes, the employment of healthcare resources, and the future course of gastroenterology as a medical specialty. In this review, we navigate through the terrain of the Quality Indicators (QIs) for EGD, shedding light on their indispensable function in ensuring and augmenting the quality of patient care throughout the pre-procedural, intra-procedural, post-procedural, and outcome-oriented facets of the practice. We delve into the comprehensive scope of the QIs and the challenges impeding the delivery of high-quality EGD, from variability in practitioner training and patient compliance to the systemic limitations of current QIs and the barriers hindering the adoption of advanced techniques. Future directions for bolstering the quality of EGD are highlighted, encapsulating the integration of emergent endoscopic technologies, the evolution of patient-centered metrics, the refinement of endoscopist training and credentialing processes, and the promise held by Artificial Intelligence (AI). Particular emphasis is placed on the role of advanced endoscopic techniques and equipment in enhancing EGD quality. This article presents a cogent narrative, promoting the pursuit of excellence in EGD as an ever-evolving endeavor that necessitates the collective dedication of clinicians, researchers, educators, and policymakers.
Evaluation of Enzyme Agarose Gels for Cleaning Complex Substrates in Cultural Heritage
Authors: Morlotti Mattia , Forlani Fabio , Saccani Ilaria , Sansonetti Antonio
Published: December 2023

This study starts from the need to remove a mix of proteins, oils and natural resin, called beverone in the Italian literature, from the back of canvas paintings. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of two different agarose/enzyme gels containing, respectively, a trypsin derived from porcine pancreas and a lipase from Candida rugosa, both in an aqueous solution of deoxycholic acid-triethanolamine soap. Enzymes were selected because of their action on peptide and ester bonds, effectiveness at maintaining a weak alkaline pH and low cost. Several series of model samples, resulting from a combination of rabbit skin glue, linseed oil and colophony, were prepared to test the enzyme gels with two different values for each of the following variables: agarose concentration, application modes and time of application. Measurements of weight loss after the gel application and Fourier transform infrared analysis were conducted to underline the hydrolysis occurring due to the enzyme gels and their effectiveness. Results confirmed what has been found in the literature and improved our knowledge about the action of agarose enzyme gels on complex substrates (hydrophilic/hydrophobic). The gels applied fluidly, with a longer contact time and a lower agarose concentration, are more effective. Furthermore, trypsin gels provided better results on substrates with oil and glue, while lipase gels turned out to be more effective on substrates made of a mix of oil, glue and colophony.
Dancing with Nucleobases: Unveiling the Self-Assembly Properties of DNA and RNA Base-Containing Molecules for Gel Formation
Authors: Scognamiglio Pasqualina Liana , Vicidomini Caterina , Roviello Giovanni N.
Published: December 2023

Nucleobase-containing molecules are compounds essential in biology due to the fundamental role of nucleic acids and, in particular, G-quadruplex DNA and RNA in life. Moreover, some molecules different from nucleic acids isolated from different vegetal sources or microorganisms show nucleobase moieties in their structure. Nucleoamino acids and peptidyl nucleosides belong to this molecular class. Closely related to the above, nucleopeptides, also known as nucleobase-bearing peptides, are chimeric derivatives of synthetic origin and more rarely isolated from plants. Herein, the self-assembly properties of a vast number of structures, belonging to the nucleic acid and nucleoamino acid/nucleopeptide family, are explored in light of the recent scientific literature. Moreover, several technologically relevant properties, such as the hydrogelation ability of some of the nucleobase-containing derivatives, are reviewed in order to make way for future experimental investigations of newly devised nucleobase-driven hydrogels. Nucleobase-containing molecules, such as mononucleosides, DNA, RNA, quadruplex (G4)-forming oligonucleotides, and nucleopeptides are paramount in gel and hydrogel formation owing to their distinctive molecular attributes and ability to self-assemble in biomolecular nanosystems with the most diverse applications in different fields of biomedicine and nanotechnology. In fact, these molecules and their gels present numerous advantages, underscoring their significance and applicability in both material science and biomedicine. Their versatility, capability for molecular recognition, responsiveness to stimuli, biocompatibility, and biodegradability collectively contribute to their prominence in modern nanotechnology and biomedicine. In this review, we emphasize the critical role of nucleobase-containing molecules of different nature in pioneering novel materials with multifaceted applications, highlighting their potential in therapy, diagnostics, and new nanomaterials fabrication as required for addressing numerous current biomedical and nanotechnological challenges.
Development of Poly(sorbitol adipate)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) Mono Methyl Ether-Based Hydrogel Matrices for Model Drug Release
Authors: Rashid Haroon , Lucas Henrike , Busse Karsten , Kressler Jörg , Mäder Karsten , Trutschel Marie-Luise
Published: December 2023

Hydrogels were prepared by Steglich esterification and by crosslinking pre-synthesized poly(sorbitol adipate)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) mono methyl ether (PSA-g-mPEG) using different-chain-length-based disuccinyl PEG. PSA and PSA-g-mPEG were investigated for polymer degradation as a function of time at different temperatures. PSA-g-mPEG hydrogels were then evaluated for their most crucial properties of swelling that rendered them suitable for many pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Hydrogels were also examined for their Sol-Gel content in order to investigate the degree of cross-linking. Physical structural parameters of the hydrogels were theoretically estimated using the modified Flory–Rehner theory to obtain approximate values of polymer volume fraction, the molecular weight between two crosslinks, and the mesh size of the hydrogels. X-ray diffraction was conducted to detect the presence or absence of crystalline regions in the hydrogels. PSA-g-mPEG hydrogels were then extensively examined for higher and lower molecular weight solute release through analysis by fluorescence spectroscopy. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels was also investigated using a resazurin reduction assay. Experimental results show that PSA-g-mPEG provides an option as a biocompatible polymer to be used for pharmaceutical applications.
Association Study of a Comprehensive Panel of Neuropeptide-Related Polymorphisms Suggest Potential Roles in Verbal Learning and Memory
Authors: Avgan Nesli , Sutherland Heidi G. , Lea Rod A. , Haupt Larisa M. , Shum David H. K. , Griffiths Lyn R.
Published: December 2023

Neuropeptides are mostly expressed in regions of the brain responsible for learning and memory and are centrally involved in cognitive pathways. The majority of neuropeptide research has been performed in animal models; with acknowledged differences between species, more research into the role of neuropeptides in humans is necessary to understand their contribution to higher cognitive function. In this study, we investigated the influence of genetic polymorphisms in neuropeptide genes on verbal learning and memory. Variants in genes encoding neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptors were tested for association with learning and memory measures using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test—Revised (HVLT-R) in a healthy cohort of individuals (n = 597). The HVLT-R is a widely used task for verbal learning and memory assessment and provides five sub-scores: recall, delay, learning, retention, and discrimination. To determine the effect of candidate variants on learning and memory performance, genetic association analyses were performed for each HVLT-R sub-score with over 1300 genetic variants from 124 neuropeptide and neuropeptide receptor genes, genotyped on Illumina OmniExpress BeadChip arrays. This targeted analysis revealed numerous suggestive associations between HVLT-R test scores and neuropeptide and neuropeptide receptor gene variants; candidates include the SCG5, IGFR1, GALR1, OXTR, CCK, and VIPR1 genes. Further characterization of these genes and their variants will improve our understanding of the genetic contribution to learning and memory and provide insight into the importance of the neuropeptide network in humans.
Nb-Ta-Sn Oxides from Lithium-Beryllium-Tantalum Pegmatite Deposits of the Kolmozero–Voronja Belt, NW Russia: Implications for Tracing Ore-Forming Processes and Mineralization Signatures
Authors: Zozulya Dmitry , Morozova Lyudmila N. , Kullerud Kåre , Bazai Ayya
Published: December 2023

In this paper we present textural and compositional data for columbite group minerals (CGMs) and associated Nb-Ta-Sn oxides from lithium-beryllium-tantalum pegmatite deposits of the Kolmozero–Voronja belt, NW Russia, with the aim of deciphering these characteristics for minerals from deposits with different mineral signatures and lithium ore grade. Minerals from four deposits, including two of world-class (Kolmozero and Polmostundra), are examined. The main controlling factors for CGM compositional ranges are the diversity and rate of magmatic fractionation, hydrothermal overprint and mineral paragenesis, following the specific geochemical signature of the different pegmatite deposits. CGM from Kolmozero include several mineral species (columbite-(Fe), columbite-(Mn), tantalite-(Fe), and tantalite-(Mn)), showing large compositional variations, mainly controlled by Nb-Ta fractionation (Ta/(Ta + Nb) = 0.16–0.70; Mn/(Mn + Fe) = 0.45–0.63). Textural patterns are various (oscillatory, homogeneous, and patchy); spongy domains and overgrowing Ta-rich rims are also observed somewhere. This indicates the involvement of numerous magmatic and hydrothermal processes. The Polmostundra CGMs are represented by columbite-(Fe) with Ta/(Ta + Nb), ranging from 0.05 to 0.39; some crystals are homogenous, and others present normal, oscillatory, mottled and reverse-zoning patterns. The Okhmylk CGMs are irregular normal, patchy and homogeneous columbite-(Fe) and columbite-(Mn), with Ta/(Ta + Nb) = 0.09–0.24 and Mn/(Mn + Fe) = 0.29–0.92, indicating the suppressed magmatic fractionation and iron drop due to precipitation of Fe minerals. Columbite-(Fe) and columbite-(Mn) from the Be-Ta Shongui deposit are less evolved, with Ta/(Ta + Nb) = 0.07–0.23 and Mn/(Mn + Fe) = 0.31–0.55. The minerals are characterized by progressive normal, oscillatory, homogeneous and irregular reverse patterns. Associated pyrochlore minerals occur both as early magmatic (Kolmozero) and late hydrothermal (Polmostundra, Okhmylk). Cassiterite is found only in the Okhmylk dykes, and is apparently of hydrothermal origin. CGM from Li pegmatites have impurities of Ti (0.01–0.05 apfu) and W (up to 0.02 apfu), whereas CGM from Be pegmatites contains elevated Ti (up to 0.09 apfu). The mineral system analysis presented here is relevant for exploration.
Predictors of Premature Mortality Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: An Iranian Single-Centre Study
Authors: Pakrad Fatemeh , Shiri Rahman , Mozayani Monfared Azadeh , Mohammadi Saleh Ramesh , Poorolajal Jalal
Published: December 2023

Modifiable risk factors play an important role in the premature mortality among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The aim of this study was to examine the factors that influence the early death of patients who had CABG. We conducted a prospective cohort study and followed 2863 patients after their CABG, and collected data on their characteristics and blood tests. We used the Cox proportional hazards regression model in Stata, version 16, to identify the predictors of early mortality. Out of 2863 patients, 162 died during the follow-up period. The survival rate was 99.2% within the first three days after the surgery, 96.2% from the fourth day to the end of the first year, 94.9% at the end of the second year, and 93.6% at the end of the third year. After adjusting for confounding factors, we found that older age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.05, 95% CI 1.02, 1.08 for one year increase in age), obesity (HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.25, 3.72), ejection fraction < 50% (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.06, 2.44), number of rehospitalizations (HR 2.63, 95% CI 1.35, 5.12 for two or more readmissions), history of stroke (HR 2.91, 95% CI 1.63, 5.21), living in rural areas (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.06, 2.34), opium use (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.40, 3.09), and impaired glomerular filtration rate increased the risk of early death after CABG, while taking a beta-blocker (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.38, 0.91) reduced the risk. We conclude that modifiable risk factors such as excess body mass, high blood glucose, opium use, and kidney dysfunction should be monitored and managed in patients who had CABG to improve their survival outcomes.