bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethical Evaluation of Clinical Research on Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Authors: Sayligil Omur
Published: July 2020

Traditional medicine (TM) as well as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practices have been used more frequently; since modern medicine has gravitated toward a dehumanistic situation due to the extensive workload of healthcare professionals and thus lack of time given to each patient and mistrust of patients due to some side effects of latest treatment options, in addition to TM and CAM practices having been more affordable, accessible, most often noninvasive, and seen as a hope during terminal periods of some diseases. In order to ensure TM and CAM complying with the standards as other healthcare services, it is necessary to address and evaluate scientific and ethical issues for these clinical researches as well. On the other hand, so far, the ethical side of TM and CAM has not been discussed in detail. Issues such as misleading information, informed consent, publications, patient-physician relationship, and confidentiality should be discussed within the framework of ethics. Ethical issues on CAM and TM research can be sorted as patient’s autonomy and consent, principle of justice, patient-physician relationship, use of public resources, and health insurances. This chapter aims at evaluating CAM and TM research according to fundamental ethics principles, as well as discussing legislations on CAM and TM research in Turkey.
Phenolic Compounds of Grapes and Wines: Key Compounds and Implications in Sensory Perception
Authors: Hornedo-Ortega Ruth , Reyes González-Centeno María , Chira Kleopatra , Jourdes Michaël , Teissedre Pierre-Louis
Published: July 2020

Phenolic compounds are a wide family of thousands of natural bioactives well-known for their overwhelming demonstrated health benefits. Particularly in wines, polyphenols and quality are closely interconnected. Indeed, these compounds possess a critical role due to their contribution to organoleptic wine quality as color, astringency, and bitterness. The profile or the composition of certain polyphenols has been even proposed as an analytical tool for authenticity certification. In this sense, although important progress has been achieved, the understanding of the relationship between the quality of a particular wine and its phenolic composition remains one of the major challenges in enology research. But why? If there is an adjective to define wine, it is “complex.” This final complexity of a wine begins with the enormous polyphenolic variability that may be present in grapes influenced by ripening, genetic, or environmental factors, among others. Winemaking process (alcoholic and malolactic fermentation) and wine aging with or without wood contact produce endless reactions giving rise to complex transformations (copigmentation, cycloaddition, polymerization, and oxidation) of polyphenols. This chapter gathers the most relevant information about the composition, variations, and transformations of phenolic compounds from grape to wine including their influence on sensory properties.
New acoustic and molecular data shed light on the poorly known Amazonian frog Adenomera simonstuarti (Leptodactylidae): implications for distribution and conservation
Authors: Carvalho Thiago R. , Moraes Leandro J.C.L. , Angulo Ariadne , Werneck Fernanda P. , Icochea Javier , Lima Albertina P.
Published: July 2020

Adenomera simonstuarti is a poorly known species complex inhabiting western Amazonia. Here we reevaluate the species diversity within this complex based on previously documented and newly acquired molecular and phenotypic data. We also redescribe the calling pattern of the nominal species based on the original recording (Peru) and a new recording (Brazil). Our results indicate eight geographically structured genetic lineages and the nominal species with a multi-note call pattern. This is the first association of calls and DNA sequence from a voucher specimen, thereby enabling the assignment of A. simonstuarti to one specific lineage within the complex. The multi-note call was not previously reported and represents an important additional diagnostic character within Adenomera. The geographic distribution of A. simonstuarti is substantially narrowed down to the southwestern portion of the entire geographic range recognized for the complex. The lack of taxonomic resolution in the complex is a major conservation concern by preventing us from evaluating the potential threats and extinction risks of each of the lineages. Future research should follow the protocol of combining calls and DNA sequences associated with voucher specimens as a means to address the taxonomic status of genetic lineages within the A. simonstuarti complex.
Empty shelves: How your academic library can address food insecurity
Authors: Wood Lana Mariko
Published: July 2020

Researchers have only recently begun looking at food insecurity on college campuses. Food insecurity is characterized by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) as limited or uncertain access to nutritionally adequate and safe foods or the ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways due to limited financial resources. Harmony Reppond illustrates this point when writing, “food insecurity for college students can mean running out of food between paychecks, attending campus events in search of food, reducing food intake, purchasing minimally nutritious food that costs less, skipping meals, and deciding between paying for textbooks or food.” Food insecurity is often an invisible condition because of the stigma associated with hunger and poverty. However, the extent and severity of food insecurity on college campuses is alarming. The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) conducted a literature review and found that college student food insecurity rates exceeded 30% in the majority of published studies. The Hope Center at Temple University conducts an annual survey on student basic needs, which originally covered food and housing insecurity, and has since been expanded to include transportation, childcare, stress, and mental health. Over the last five years this survey has been completed by more than 330,000 students attending 411 colleges and universities, and the Hope Center has found that on average over the last five years 39% of respondents reported being food insecure in the prior 30 days. The rise of student food insecurity is linked to a decrease in public funding for higher education, which in turn has caused a steep increase in tuition rates, combined with more low-income students entering college.
Fast Facts
Authors: Pattillo Gary
Published: July 2020

Summer readingCollege enrollment and attainmentPodcast consumptionCoronavirus affects higher education jobsDMCA abuse
Corona e communis: imunidade, comunidade e o COVID-19
Authors: Pitta Maurício Fernando
Published: July 2020

Diante da pandemia do Novo Coronavírus, muitos foram os problemas levantados pela filosofia a partir do modo “imunitário” com o qual a civilização industrial lidou com a crise, e muito tem sido aventado sobre a necessidade de se repensar o sentido da noção de comunidades de apoio e de resistência. Exemplos disso não faltam; dentre os filósofos que abordaram a crise, encontram-se desde Giorgio Agamben a Paul B. Preciado, entre outros. Neste artigo, pretendemos partir da discussão sobre imunologia e paradigma imunitário em Roberto Espósito para nos perguntar de que modo podemos pensar essa demanda por “comunidade” em meio a uma crise imunitária, no sentido biológico e político do termo. Temos por hipótese que, mais do que postular a oposição exclusiva dos termos, levantar a questão pela articulação deles nos abre dois modos possíveis de relação com a alteridade abissal que encontramos no vírus.
Lembra-te de que vais morrer! Misérias da vida em comum em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Gewehr Rodrigo Barros
Published: July 2020

Através de temas de atualidade que circularam em jornais e relatórios de organizações não-governamentais, este ensaio procura interrogar a epidemia de SARS-CoV-2 tendo como eixo norteador o que Artaud denomina, em seu texto O teatro e a peste, como desvios morais e fracassos da psicologia em situações de flagelo. Que sentimentos uma situação de flagelo desperta no ser humano? E como esses sentimentos contagiam as narrativas que tentam se apropriar e interpretar o caos? Trata-se de pensar o momento atual sem se lançar em tentações de predição; um exercício de pensar a urgência despida de seu inerente apelo ao messianismo, buscando permanecer no patamar do flagelo. Temas como engenharia social, o caráter religioso assumido pelo discurso científico e a noção de desmedida servem-nos de elementos transversais de análise.
Big Data e ciência de dados: uma revisão crítica de questões para a pesquisa educacional
Authors: Daniel Ben Kei , Maia Tradução: Mirtes Dâmares Santos de Almeida , Silva Danilo Garcia da
Published: July 2020

Big Data refere-se a grandes e díspares volumes de dados gerados por pessoas, aplicativos e máquinas. Vem ganhando atenção crescente em vários domínios, incluindo a educação. Mas quais são os desafios de se empreender a pesquisa em Big Data na área da educação? Este artigo identifica uma ampla gama de questões críticas que os pesquisadores precisam considerar ao trabalhar com Big Data voltado para educação. As questões identificadas incluem diversidade na concepção e significado de Big Data na educação, disparidade ontológica e epistemológica, desafios técnicos, ética e privacidade, barreira digital e dividendo digital, falta de habilidades e oportunidades de desenvolvimento acadêmico que preparem pesquisadores educacionais a alavancar as oportunidades proporcionadas pelo Big Data. O objetivo deste artigo é aumentar a conscientização sobre essas questões e iniciar um diálogo. O artigo foi inspirado em parte por ideias extraídas da bibliografia, mas, principalmente, informado pela experiência em pesquisar Big Data no âmbito da educação.Palavras-chave : Big Data. Ciência de Dados. Educação.
Resenha do livro “Ser mãe é... A maternidade normalizada pelo discurso jornalístico”
Authors: Silva André Luís Andrade
Published: July 2020

Resenha do livro "Ser mãe é ... A maternidade normalizada pelo discurso jornalístico"
Meiotic mutants tomatoes with desynaptic phenotype
Authors: Lisovska T. P.
Published: July 2020

Aim. A comparative analysis of the cytological manifestation in the meiosis of six meiotic mutants was carried out. Methods. Buds with anthers 2–3 mm long fixed in ethanol: glacial acetic acid in a ratio of 3:1, were stored in 70 % ethanol, stained with acetocarmine. For cytology preparations prepared pressure anthers at various stages of meiosis. Pollen fertility was determined by staining with acetocarmine. Results. Meiotic mutations tomato dsm1, dsm2, dsm3, as1, as5 and asb not affect the vegetative growth of plants, but have low fertility of pollen and number of seeds in the fruit. They are similar cytological manifestation. The beginning of meiosis occurred apparently normal, as violations of premature decay bivalent observed since diplotenе. Chiasma frequencies in pollen mother cells ranged from 8.13 to dsm3 / dsm3 to 6.73 in asb / asb. All investigated mutations revealed monogenic recessive character of inheritance. Mutations as1, as5 and asb and dsm2 are not allelic to each other. The mutation dsm1 appeared allelic to mutations dsm2 and asb. Conclusions. Investigated meiotic mutations failure of chiasma maintenance in the pollen mother cells with varying degrees of desynapsis. Based on the fact that the previously published data did not reveal a reduction in the recombination frequency in marked areas of the genome, we anticipate premature removal of cohesin that hold sister chromatids distal chiasmata.Keywords: meiosis, meiotic mutants, sister chromatids cohesion, premature separation of the bivalents, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
Genes control of rates development as components of regulation stability of Triticum aestivum L. to biotic stress under conditions in vitro
Authors: Avksentiieva O. O. , Terentiieva N. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The aim of our work is to research the influence of exometabolites phytopathogens of genus Fusarium on callus culture isogenic lines for genes PPD (NILs) of winter soft wheat. Methods. In the work used standard biotechnological and mycological methods. The influence of exometabolites phytopathogens g. Fusarium investigated, adding CF mi-cromycetes to MS culture medium in a ratio of 1:20, using transplants callus culture of isogenic lines of wheat. Growth index analyzed density of callus tissue and size of callus cells determined. Results. Established that the CF of Fusarium oxysporum significantly slows grows reaction of callus cultures and morphological structure callus NILs is changes. It is shown that the impact exometabolites phytopathogens has the opposite effect on cytological parameters (number and length callus cells) in the isolines differing pace of development in conditions in vivo. The culture filtrate F. oxysporum has more toxicity compared to exometabolites F. moniliforme. Conclusions. It is supposed that the genetic system controlling the pace of development and photoperiodic sensitivity Triticum aestivum L. in conditions in vivo indirectly determines the formation of resistance to biotic stress conditions in vitro.

Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme, PPD genes, NILs, callus culture, growth index, resistance to phytopathogens.
The photomorphogenetic reaction of pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) on ultraviolet irradiation effect
Authors: Zhuk V. V. , Mikhieiev O. M. , Ovsyannikova L. G.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The comparation of photomorphogenetic response of pea plants in wide dose range of UV-C and UV-B irradiation was studied. Methods. Pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) cultivar Aronis were grown in water culture during 10 days and then were irradiated by UV-B and UV-C irradiation in doses 1, 2, 4, 8 and 15 kJ/m2. The length of shoots and roots and fresh weight of pea plants were measured. Results. It is established that UV-C irradiation caused strong inhibition effect on shoot growth against UV-B in the same doses. It is shown that the dose of 8 kJ/m2 was the threshold of the UV-B and UV-C effect. Dose above 8 kJ/m2 caused growth inhibition. The dose of 2 kJ/m2 caused the hormesis effect. Stem growth inhibition under the UV-C stimulated root growth. Conclusions. Comparative study of UV-B and UV-C irradiation demonstrated that the hormesis effect on plant growth was shown in the same dose of 2 kJ/m2. The inhibition effect of UV-C irradiation was stronger than UV-B in the same doses. Keywords: UV-B, UV-C, Pisum sativum L., hormesis.
Peculiarities of in vitro rooting of some species of Carlina L. genus
Authors: Kravets N. B. , Mosula M. Z. , Drobyk N. M. , Tulaidan N. V. , Cheterbok M. B.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The aim of the study was to choose conditions for rooting improvement of in vitro cultivated plants of some species of Carlina L. genus. Methods. For receiving and rooting of aseptic sprouts, seeds of Carlina acaulis L., Carlina cirsioides Klok and Carlina onopordifolia Besser ex Szafer, Kulcz. et Pawl were subjected to presowing treatment with gibberellic acid solution (GA3) or indolebyturic acid solution (IBA). Sterilized seeds were planted in sterile Petri dishes on semi-solid Murashige, Skoog nutrient medium with half-strength concentrations of macro- and microsalts without growth regulators. Results. It was found that with the seed soaking of C. acaulis, C. cirsioides and C. onopordifolia in GA3 solution the percentage of root formation amounted to 33.3 %, 33.3 % and 22.2 % respectively. Presowing treat-ment of carlina seeds in IBA solution with concentration of 1000 mg for 2–4 hours before sterilization gave a positive effect: the percentage of root formation for C. acaulis, C. cirsioides and C. onorordifolia was 2.4–4.5 times higher compared to the treatment with GA3 solution. Conclusions. To form the root system of carlina plants it is effective to soak the seeds in the solution of IBA. Thus we were able to increase the percentage of rooting of C. sirsioides and C. onorordifolia plants to 100 %, C. acaulis plants – up to 80 % and avoid sprouts’ injury and changes in the concentra-tions of the IBA, which may occur during sterilization at high temperatures by using non-sterile solution of growth regulators. Keywords: Carlina àcaulis L., Carlina cirsioides Klok, Carlina onopordifolia Besser ex Szafer, Kulcz. et Pawl, in vitro, sprouts rooting.
Glyphosate selection of maize transgenic callus lines among genotypes of Ukrainian plant breeding
Authors: Nitovska I. O. , Komarnytskyi I. K. , Morgun B. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. Glyphosate selection has a number of advantages over other commonly used selectable markers for maize. There is some natural variability within maize germplasm for degree of sensitivity to glyphosate. We investigated the selective effect of glyphosate for production transgenic maize callus after Agrobacterium-mediated transformation among geno-types of Ukrainian plant breeding. Methods. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, glyphosate selection in vitro, and PCR analysis were used to obtain transgenic maize callus and to confirm its status. Results. An efficient selectable marker system for production transgenic maize callus lines tolerant to herbicide glyphosate was proposed. Calluses of four maze genotypes of Ukrainian plant breeding and pCB135 vector containing CP4epsps gene were used in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation experiments. Three callus maize lines of DK267×PLS61 genotype containing CP4epsps gene were obtained. Conclusions. The use of glyphosate as a selective agent after Agrobacterium-mediated transformation proved to be effective for transgenic maize callus lines production containing the gene CP4epsps. The success of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of maize callus strongly depended on the genotype of source ma-terial.

Keywords: Agrobacterium-mediated maize transformation, CP4epsps gene, glyphosate selection, PCR analysis.
In vitro selection of winter triticale for salt resistance
Authors: Pykalo S. V. , Dubrovna O. V. , Demydov O. A.
Published: July 2020

Aim. To obtain of cell lines and plant-regenerants of winter triticale resistant for salt stress the in vitro selection was carried out. Methods. In order to select resistant to salt stress forms of triticale the efficiency of using direct and step-type in vitro selection with application of selective system based on sodium chloride has been investigated. Results. The direct and step-type in vitro selection was conducted and the selection of callus lines of triticale being resistant to simu-lated salinity was carried out. As a result, from line 38/1296 and variety Obriy respectively, 5 and 4 resistant callus lines were identified that had a high survival rate on the selective medium with 1.2 % NaCl and maintained morphogenetic potential. From the resistant lines plant regenerants were induced and their rearing, rooting and transfer to in vivo condi-tions were optimized. Conclusions. A step-type in vitro selection was more effective, because resulted from the selec-tion more resistant callus forms were identified. First cell lines of winter triticale with resistance to salt stress were de-rived.Keywords: Triticale, in vitro selection, callus, salt stress, resistance.
Expression of iron metabolism genes as markers of organ toxicity
Authors: Kindrat I. P. , Erstenyuk H. M.
Published: July 2020

Aim. An increasing number of toxicants in the environment causes harmful effects on organism, resulting in broad range of metabolic disturbances, including iron metabolism. Perturbations in iron homeostasis may lead to the development of various pathological states, including organ injury and carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effect of liver toxicant, bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phtalete (DEHP), and kidney toxicant, aristolochic acid (AA), on tissue-specific iron metabolism in rats. Methods. Gene expression in the livers and kidneys of Fischer 344 rats was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Results. DEHP treatment increased the expression of liver toxicity and DNA damage marker genes, and iron-related genes, Ftl1, Fth1, Slc40a1, and decrease the expression of miR-122 and Hamp in the livers, but not in the kidneys. In contrast, AA increased the expression of kidney toxicity and DNA damage markers, and iron homeostasis genes, Ftl1, Fth1, Slc40a1 in the kidneys. Conclusions. Our results indicate an existence of organ-specific changes in the expression of iron metabolism genes in rats treated with DEHP and AA, respectively. These changes were accompanied by increasing of DNA damage and toxicity markers in the liver of DEHP-treated rats and in the kidneys of rats treated with AA.

Keywords: toxicity, iron metabolism, liver, kidney.
Reconstruction of spatial structure of plant protein phosphatase type 1, 2a and 4 in complexes with microcystin-LR
Authors: Samofalova D. A. , Karpov P. A. , Raievskyi O. V. , Blume Ya. B.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The major toxicity of Microcystin-LR (MCLR) has been ascribed to its potent ability to inhibit serine/threonine-specific protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Although MCLR is widely used in animal models its selectivity for these enzymes of plant origin is not still investigated in details for phylogenetically diversified sources. Methods. The spatial structure of plant PP1, PP2A, PP4 protein phosphatases was reconstructed with homology modeling method. Flexible docking of MCLR was performed using CCDC GOLD Suite 5.3. For docking evaluations, GOLD scoring functions were used. Results. Information about amino acids, involved in ligand binding, was obtained from 8 experimentally proved human MCLR-PP1 and PP2A complexes. The sites of microcystin-LR binding with plant protein phosphatases (type-1, 2A and 4) were proved by comparative analysis and molecular docking. A high level of sequence and structure identity of plant and animal phosphatases allow us to conclude similarity of MCLR binding in PP1, PP2A and PP4. Keywords: microcystin-LR, protein phosphatase, specific interaction, molecular docking.
Hvorfor Frankrig gik ind i Mali?
Authors: Holm Ulla
Published: July 2020

Ulla Holm skriver om Frankrigs manglende exitstrategi i Mali.
En blød supermagt
Authors: Marcussen Martin
Published: July 2020

Er tiden kommet til endnu en udenrigskommis- sion? Det var det underlæggende spørgsmål for en høring om fremtidens udenrigstjeneste organise- ret af Det Udenrigspolitiske Selskab
Svensk forsvar på kurs mod kollaps
Authors: Tunberger Johan
Published: July 2020

Johan Tunberger om Sveriges tilgang til militær anno 2013.
Iran: Et regime i vildrede går til valg
Authors: Sperling Vibeke
Published: July 2020

Vibeke Sperling om Irans valg.
Den uundværlige
Authors: Sperling Vibeke
Published: July 2020

Nekrolog - Tøger Seidenfaden
Den ortodokse kirke i russisk (udenrigs)politik
Authors: Gottlieb Christian
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Patriarkernes gravkamre
Authors: Ellegaard Lasse
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Dansk udenrigspolitisk aktivisme i nyt farvand?
Authors: Pedersen Rasmus Brun
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Tilbage til rødderne
Authors: Udenrigs Redaktion
Published: July 2020

Noter i marginen
Rio 1992: Hvad har det ført til?
Authors: Henningsen Jørgen
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Norden er gledet fra hinanden siden 1814
Authors: Østergård Uffe
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Syrien i oprør: Et spørgsmål om tid
Authors: Ellegaard Lasse
Published: July 2020

Lasse Ellegaard interviewer forfatter Jesper Berg om Syriens tilstand.
Hovedværker om den kolde krig
Authors: Skak Mette
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Europas hverdag og pudsigheder
Authors: Floryan Jan Jakob
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Incredible India
Authors: Udenrigs Redaktion
Published: July 2020

Fra redaktionen
Expressions of miRNAs in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Their Associations with the BRAFV600E Mutation and Clinicopathological Features
Authors: Yang Song I , Choi Young Sik
Published: July 2020

Objectives The microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be commonly expressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma. The BRAFV600E mutation is the most common genetic mutation in thyroid cancer. The main aim of this study was to determine the possible association between expression of the three miRNAs and that of BRAFV600E mutation and the clinicopathological features in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Methods This study was conducted on 51 paraffin-embedded tissues (42 thyroid cancer, 9 benign tumor) obtained from patients undergoing thyroidectomy at the Endocrine Center of OOO University Hospital. Results miRNAs expression was significantly high in patients with cervical lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stage. In addition, miR-146b expression levels were significantly higher in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with BRAFV600E mutation. The relative quantification (2-ΔΔCt) of miR-146b was also high among the miRNAs. Individually, the AUCs for miRNA-146b was 0.923 (cutoff value −1.97, sensitivity 88.9%, specificity 85.7%). Conclusions Especially, expression of miR-146b increased higher in PTC patients with BRAFV600E mutation. These findings showed a role of miR-146b as potential biomarkers in differentiating PTC from benign tumor and as a prognostic indicator of PTCs. Further investigation will need for the roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of papillary thyroid carcinomas.
Clinical Usefulness of Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography in Patients with Non-Obstructive Acute Pyleonephritis
Authors: Sun In O , Lim Ji Hye , Oh Ju Hwan , Cho A Young , Kim Beum Jin , Lee Kwang Young , Lee Mi Sook
Published: July 2020

Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical utility of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) in patient with non-obstrcutive acute pyelonephritis (APN). Methods From 2007 to 2013, 537 APN patients who underwent a CE-CT scan within 24 hours after hospital admission were enrolled. We divided these patients into greater (50% or greater involvment, n = 143) and lesser (less than 50% involvement, n = 394) groups based on renal parenchymal involvement in CE-CT examination. We compared clinical characteristics between two groups and analyzed the clinical value of CE-CT scan as a reliable marker for predicting clinical severity and disease course in patient with non-obstructive APN. Results The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 70.6 ± 25.5 mL/min/1.73m2. Compared with patients in lesser group, the patients in greater group had lower serum albumin levels (3.5 ± 0.5 vs 3.8 ± 0.6, P < 0.01) and longer hosptal stay (10.1 ± 4.7 vs 8.8 ± 4.5, P < 0.05). In addition, acute kidney injury (AKI) (23.1% vs 11.4%, P < 0.005) and bacteremia (36.4% vs 26.8%, P = 0.02) were frequently developed in greater group, respectively. The overall incidence of AKI was 14.8% based on RIFLE criteria. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis for predciting AKI, age, presence of diabetes mellitus and the presence of renal parenchymal involvement of greater than 50% in CE-CT were significant predictors of AKI. Conclusions The CE-CT scan could be useful to predict the clinical severity and course in non-obstructive APN patients with preserved renal function.
Dynamic Change of Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation in a Patient with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Kim Hye Ree , Kang Min Gyu , Kim Kyehwan , Park Hyun Woong , Hwang Jin-Yong , Park Jeong Rang
Published: July 2020

Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) is commonly known as a chronic complication of left ventricular remodeling due to coronary artery disease. Acute IMR after coronary artery disease, such as acute myocardial infarction particular, could also develop as a mechanical complication involving papillary muscle rupture. However, the clinical significance of acute transient IMR and the therapeutic intervention in coronary artery disease is infrequently reported. We describe a patient with acute pulmonary edema due to acute IMR, which resolved immediately after coronary revascularization.
La pratique d’activités de loisir par des enfants d’âge scolaire porteurs d’implants cochléaires : description de l’expérience des parents
Authors: Duchesne Louise , Boucher Normand , Letscher Sylvain , Schmouth Marie-Ève
Published: July 2020

La pratique d’activités de loisirs chez les enfants ayant une surdité, particulièrement chez ceux qui ont reçu un implant cochléaire, n’a été pour ainsi dire jamais examinée jusqu’ici. En effet, la majorité des études portent sur les enfants ayant des incapacités motrices, un trouble du spectre de l’autisme ou une déficience intellectuelle. Dans cette étude, dix-neuf parents d’enfants porteurs d’implants cochléaires ont participé à des entrevues individuelles visant à comprendre leur expérience reliée à la pratique d’activités de loisirs par leur enfant. Les résultats révèlent que les parents sont généralement favorables à la pratique d’activités de loisirs et estiment que leur enfant y réussit bien. Par contre, près du tiers des parents ont exprimé des craintes face à la pratique de certaines activités, particulièrement celles qu’ils croient être dangereuses pour l’appareil porté par leur enfant. Les résultats font ressortir l’importance de la sensibilisation à la surdité et à l’implant cochléaire dans tous les milieux où se pratiquent les activités de loisirs.
Gradients in the biophysical properties of neonatal auditory neurons align with synaptic contact position and the intensity coding map of inner hair cells
Authors: Markowitz Alexander L , Kalluri Radha
Published: July 2020

Sound intensity is encoded by auditory neuron subgroups that differ in thresholds and spontaneous rates. Whether variations in neuronal biophysics contributes to this functional diversity is unknown. Because intensity thresholds correlate with synaptic position on sensory hair cells, we combined patch clamping with fiber labeling in semi-intact cochlear preparations in neonatal rats from both sexes. The biophysical properties of auditory neurons vary in a striking spatial gradient with synaptic position. Neurons with high thresholds to injected currents contact hair cells at synaptic positions where neurons with high thresholds to sound-intensity are found in vivo. Alignment between in vitro and in vivo thresholds suggests that biophysical variability contributes to intensity coding. Biophysical gradients were evident at all ages examined, indicating that cell diversity emerges in early post-natal development and persists even after continued maturation. This stability enabled a remarkably successful model for predicting synaptic position based solely on biophysical properties.
Mechanical inhibition of isolated Vo from V/A-ATPase for proton conductance
Authors: Kishikawa Jun-ichi , Nakanishi Atsuko , Furuta Aya , Kato Takayuki , Namba Keiichi , Tamakoshi Masatada , Mitsuoka Kaoru , Yokoyama Ken
Published: July 2020

V-ATPase is an energy converting enzyme, coupling ATP hydrolysis/synthesis in the hydrophilic V1 domain, with proton flow through the Vo membrane domain, via rotation of the central rotor complex relative to the surrounding stator apparatus. Upon dissociation from the V1 domain, the Vo domain of the eukaryotic V-ATPase can adopt a physiologically relevant auto-inhibited form in which proton conductance through the Vo domain is prevented, however the molecular mechanism of this inhibition is not fully understood. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we determined the structure of both the holo V/A-ATPase and isolated Vo at near-atomic resolution, respectively. These structures clarify how the isolated Vo domain adopts the auto-inhibited form and how the holo complex prevents formation of the inhibited Vo form.
The metabolic profile of Asinara (albino) and Sardo donkeys (pigmented) (Equus asinusL., 1758) points to unequivocal breed assignment of individuals
Authors: Cappai Maria Grazia , Dimauro Corrado , Biggio Giovanni Paolo , Cherchi Raffaele , Accioni Francesca , Pudda Flavia , Boatto Gianpiero , Pinna Walter
Published: July 2020

This study pointed to explore if variations in circulating levels of metabolites in the blood stream of no. 25 feral donkeys occur in view of the different coat color between specimens of Asinara (albino, no. 8) vs. Sardo (dun-grey, no. 17) breed. All individuals involved in this investigation are living in the nature, at Mediterranean latitudes and roam in the same areas all over the National Park of Capo Caccia, where they feed on spontaneous vegetation sources. The study was conducted during the positive photoperiod of the boreal hemisphere (peak in the month of June, 2019) to maximize the effect of exposure to the natural sun radiation and thus elicit the coping ability of albino (Asinara) in comparison with pigmented donkeys (Sardo). The biochemical profile of all donkeys was used in a Discriminant Analysis (DA) to explore if circulating levels of metabolites could point to metabolic markers for breed assignment of individuals following a canonical discriminant analysis (CANDISC). The biochemical investigation included also the determination of the circulating Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol, α-TOH), as an essential biologically active compound involved in antioxidant mechanisms, and its respective status (circulating α-TOH to total triglycerides and total cholesterol ratio). In the CANDISC, the distance between the two breeds was not significant. However, it pointed to different metabolites (UREA, total protein, total triglycerides, Zn) capable of describing biochemical patterns on each respective breed (Asinara vs. Sardo). The multivariate analysis DA carried out using 22 metabolites correctly assigned individuals to the two breeds in the 100% of cases. In view of such metabolic background, circulating α-TOH found in the bloodstream of Asinara vs. Sardo donkeys under free grazing conditions turned out to reach similar values (2.114 vs. 1.872 µg/ml, respectively,p= 0.676). It is worth noting that significant differences were observed as to circulating lactate dehydrogenase (LDH,p= 0.022) levels, in association with increased creatine phosphokinase (CPK,p= 0.076), both above the upper limit of the physiological range reported in other donkey breeds, and found in the totality of Asinara (albino) donkeys solely, still apparently clinically healthy.
Open Access uptake by universities worldwide
Authors: Robinson-Garcia Nicolas , Costas Rodrigo , van Leeuwen Thed N.
Published: July 2020

The implementation of policies promoting the adoption of an open science (OS) culture must be accompanied by indicators that allow monitoring the uptake of such policies and their potential effects on research publishing and sharing practices. This study presents indicators of open access (OA) at the institutional level for universities worldwide. By combining data from Web of Science, Unpaywall and the Leiden Ranking disambiguation of institutions, we track OA coverage of universities’ output for 963 institutions. This paper presents the methodological challenges, conceptual discrepancies and limitations and discusses further steps needed to move forward the discussion on fostering OA and OS practices and policies.
Assyria and Babylon in the Oracles against the Nations Tradition
Authors: Scurlock Jo Ann
Published: July 2020

I attempt to make a fresh start on the subject of the interaction between the Isaiah prophets and Mesopotamian culture. The results will probably surprise and even alarm, since they threaten to overturn a great deal of previous scholarship and to gore a number of sacred cows. First is the idea that 1st Isaiah is either the work of the historical prophet or was composed, along with the rest of the Hebrew Bible, in the Persian or Hellenistic period. I have no doubt that some passages are to be connected with the historical prophet, but not merely one or two but indeed the bulk of 1st Isaiah’s prophecies, albeit often pre-exilic in origin, are, in my view, too late to be contemporary with Isaiah himself.
Behaviour under Moving Distributed Masses of Simply Supported Orthotropic Rectangular Plate Resting on a Constant Elastic Bi-Parametric Foundation
Authors: Awodola T. O. , Adeoye S.
Published: July 2020

This work investigates the behavior under Moving distributed masses of orthotropic rectangular plates resting on bi-parametric elastic foundation. The governing equation is a fourth order partial differential equation with variable and singular co-efficients. The solutions to the problem are obtained by transforming the fourth order partial differential equation for the problem to a set of coupled second order ordinary differential equations using the technique of Shadnam et al[1]. This is then simplified using modified asymptotic method of Struble. The closed form solution is analyzed, resonance conditions are obtained and the results are presented in plotted curves for both cases of moving distributed mass and moving distributed force.
Starch, Treatment, and Modification
Authors: Wang Shujun , Ren Fei , Wang Jinwei
Published: July 2020

Starch is a homopolysaccharide composed of glucose units and has the advantages of low cost, biodegradability, renewability, and availability. Native starch is not always suitable for many applications. Therefore, modification of starch is studied to improve the functional limitations of native starches. Starch modification generally includes physical, chemical, enzymatic, and genetic bioengineering methods. The modification of starch is a reliable protocol with countless possibilities to generate novel starches with new functional properties and added value for various food and nonfood applications. This article reviews the structures and functional properties of physically, chemically, enzymatically, genetically, and dually modified starches and their applications in industry.
The locus of my study of Tokyo: From building typology to spatial anthropology and eco‐history
Authors: Jinnai Hidenobu
Published: July 2020

For over 40 years, I have been conducting research from a variety of perspectives in the somewhat complex and difficult‐to‐read megacity of Tokyo. In this paper, I consider the characteristics of urban space in Tokyo and present an overview of my research objectives, methods, and the results obtained at each stage. The architectural typology methods to which I was introduced in Italy formed the basis for my Tokyo studies. However, as this methodology was established for Italian cities, which were designed artificially around architecture, it has limitations in exploring Tokyo, a Japanese city that was created in harmony with nature. Therefore, I have adopted the concept of "spatial anthropology" in my research, which makes it possible to identify the characteristics of Japanese cities that make them significantly different from western cities. Furthermore, the concept of eco‐history, which aims to enable new research on cities and territories by integrating history and ecology, allowed for a different perspective of Tokyo as a “water city.” This research illuminates a true affluent city that coexists with an environment suitable for the 21st century, which differs from the urban model of the modern Western development type.
Engineering the Composition of Heterogeneous Lipid Bilayers to Stabilize Tethered Enzymes
Authors: Chaparro Sosa Andres F. , Black Kenneth J. , Kienle Daniel F. , Kaar Joel L. , Schwartz Daniel K.
Published: July 2020

As surfaces for enzyme immobilization, lipid bilayers (LBs) have the potential to exhibit chaperone‐like activity, which can greatly enhance enzyme stability. Here, it is shown that this stabilizing effect can be generalized to a broad range of enzymes by modifying the mixed lipid composition based on the properties of the enzyme. This is demonstrated by analyzing the stability of nitroreductase, lipase, organophosphorus hydrolase, and lysozyme on LBs composed by mixing zwitterionic 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine with anionic 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phospho‐(1′‐rac‐glycerol) or cationic 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐ethylphosphocholine. Interestingly, while the optimal lipid composition exhibits a zeta potential with the same sign as each enzyme, the stabilizing compositional ranges are broad, and mixed lipid LBs are more stabilizing than homogeneous LBs with similar charge. This suggests that net charge and compositional heterogeneity are both important factors. Moreover, the degree of stabilization on appropriate bilayers under extremely denaturing conditions (7 m urea) is unprecedented, and activity of the enzymes is up to three‐fold greater than that of the soluble enzyme at each enzyme's temperature optimum. By correlating enzyme diffusion on LBs with information about re‐folding kinetics derived from single‐molecule measurements, the influence of charge and composition on enzyme‐LB interactions is shown, providing a rationale for the stabilizing effect of heterogeneous LBs.
Self‐Powered Electronic Skin with Multisensory Functions Based on Thermoelectric Conversion
Authors: Yuan Jinfeng , Zhu Rong , Li Guozhen
Published: July 2020

Wearable electronics for personal healthcare and environment awareness are attracting more and more attention, where continuous energy supply is requisite and still faces great challenge. Here, a self‐powered electronic skin (e‐skin) system with multiple sensations as well as data processing and data visualization is developed. The core component is a hand‐shaped flexible thermoelectric generator functionalized as e‐skin, which not only harvests energy from body heat to supply power for the entire e‐skin system, but also plays a role of multisensory receptor. The e‐skin system is endowed with multifunction of sensing temperature and humidity, perceiving wind and motion, identifying material and monitoring acceleration, as well as displaying the sensing data on a liquid crystal display, all of which are powered by human body heat. The self‐powered flexible e‐skin provides an advantageous approach for applications in repair of skin injury, wearable healthcare devices, and wearable robots.
The clinical influence of the preoperative lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio on the postoperative outcome of patients with early‐stage gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Shimizu Takayuki , Ishizuka Mitsuru , Shiraki Takayuki , Sakuraoka Yuhki , Mori Shozo , Abe Akihito , Iso Yukihiro , Takagi Kazutoshi , Aoki Taku , Kubota Keiichi
Published: July 2020

Aim

The lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR) is useful for predicting the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (GC) and those with colorectal cancer (CRC) undergoing surgery. The relationship between the LMR and postoperative outcome of patients with early‐stage gastrointestinal cancers such as stage I GC and CRC remains unclear.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 323 stage I GC and 152 stage I CRC patients undergoing surgery. Univariate and multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazards model were performed to identify the clinical characteristics associated with overall survival (OS), and the cut‐off values of these variables were determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. The Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test were used for postoperative survival comparisons according to the LMR (GC: LMR < 4.2 vs ≥4.2; CRC: LMR < 3.0 vs ≥3.0).

Results

Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that OS was significantly associated with the LMR (<4.2/≥4.2) (HR, 2.489; 95% CI, 1.317‐4.702; P = 0.005), as well as age (>75/≤75 years) (HR, 3.511; 95% CI, 1.881‐6.551; P < 0.001) and albumin level (≤3.5/>3.5 g/dL) (HR, 3.040; 95% CI, 1.575‐5.869; P = 0.001), in stage I GC patients. Survival analysis demonstrated a significantly poorer OS in stage I GC patients with a LMR < 4.2 compared with ≥4.2 (P < 0.001). In stage I CRC patients, despite a significant difference in OS according to the LMR (<3.0 vs ≥3.0) (P = 0.040), univariate analysis revealed no significant association between the LMR and OS.

Conclusion

LMR is a useful predictor of the postoperative outcome of stage I GC patients treated surgically.
Thermal Entanglement and Correlated Coherence in Two Coupled Double Quantum Dots Systems
Authors: Filgueiras Cleverson , Rojas Onofre , Rojas Moises
Published: July 2020

In this work, the thermal quantum correlations in two coupled double semiconductor charge qubits are investigated. This is carried out by deriving analytical expressions for both the thermal concurrence and the correlated coherence. The effects of the tunneling parameters, the Coulomb interaction, and the temperature on the thermal entanglement and on the correlated coherence are studied in detail. It is found that the Coulomb potential plays an important role in the thermal entanglement and in the correlated coherence of the system. The results also indicate that the Coulomb potential can be used for significant enhancement of the thermal entanglement and quantum coherence. One interesting aspect is that the correlated coherence capture all the thermal entanglement at low temperatures, that is, the local coherences are totally transferred to the thermal entanglement. Finally, the role played by thermal entanglement and the correlated coherence responsible for quantum correlations are focused on. It is shown that in all cases, the correlated coherence is more robust than the thermal entanglement so that quantum algorithms based only on correlated coherence may be more robust than those based on entanglement.
Aspects of male sexuality enmeshing with rise of fascism in India: Tentative psychoanalytical explorations
Authors: Shukla Rakesh
Published: July 2020

This exploration assumes the universality of certain aspects of the psyche which enmesh with an ideology like fascism, while examining the phenomenon in India. It attempts to understand the support of a sizable section of people to the discernible growth of fascism in the past three decades in Indian society. The purpose is to explore group processes and individual psyche. The article attempts to articulate the factors—pre‐dominantly unconscious—in the psyche of the Indian Hindu male which might fit into or play a role in the mobilization toward a fascist political and social agenda. The nature of marital relations in society and the close “mother–son” bond are examined in the context of the development of the personality of a growing boy. The extreme suppression of sexuality, valorization of celibacy, idealization of mother, the model of the obedient son with no room for ambivalence and the feelings of inadequacy, frustrations and rage engendered form a central focus. The processes of splitting, idealization, and projective identification which result in the demonization by the Hindu community of the “other” Muslim community leading to violence are examined in this context. Evolving collective processes of acknowledging and taking back the split “dirty” parts at a community level instead of projecting onto the “other” as a way forward toward more harmonious relations.
American base‐rate neglect: It is not the math, but the context
Authors: Wu Shali , Emery Clifton
Published: July 2020

We investigate cross‐cultural disparities in focalism bias through two studies of probability estimation. Using 60 American and 60 Chinese participants, Experiment 1 yields the standard finding that Americans manifest greater focalism bias by tending to neglect background probability base‐rates and to rely more heavily on obtained samples in estimating true probabilities, whereas Chinese participants show little tendency to ignore base‐rates. In Experiment 2, the phrasing of the probability‐estimation task is changed to bring base‐rates into the focus of the problem statement, again using a sample of 60 Americans and 60 Chinese. This allows us to test whether cross‐cultural differences result from a tendency to focus on the sample, and ignore ‘context’ (i.e., the background base‐rates), rather than simply a discrepancy in mathematical facility between the two groups. The results show far less base‐rate neglect for Americans, but essentially no change for Chinese (who always use base‐rate information, regardless of how presented). This outcome argues against the explanation that Americans are poorer Bayesians simply because they are weaker mathematicians. Implications are discussed.