bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Численное исследование ударно-волнового нагружения металлических композитов на базе W и WC
Authors: Маевский К.К.
Published: January 2021

The results of research on modeling shock-wave loading of metal composites – elkonites, which are sintered refractory materials tungsten, tungsten carbide or molybdenum impregnated with fusible metal silver or copper using thermodynamically equilibrium model TEC are presented. The investigation of the compressibility of such composites are related to the properties of the materials themselves and the possibility of creating samples based on them. Thermodynamic characteristics are calculated for these metals and compared with available data of shock-wave experiments. The model allows us to describe the dynamic loading of solid and porous alloys of various compositions such as Cu–W, Ag–W, Cu–WC, Ag-W. This model allows for targeted selection of material compositions of different porosity values and ratios of their components in order to obtain the specified characteristics for shock-wave loading of samples.
Effect of Interactive eHealth Interventions on Improving Medication Adherence in Adults With Long-Term Medication: Systematic Review
Authors: Pouls Bart P H , Vriezekolk Johanna E , Bekker Charlotte L , Linn Annemiek J , van Onzenoort Hein A W , Vervloet Marcia , van Dulmen Sandra , van den Bemt Bart J F
Published: January 2021

Background

Medication nonadherence leads to suboptimal treatment outcomes, making it a major priority in health care. eHealth provides an opportunity to offer medication adherence interventions with minimal effort from health care providers whose time and resources are limited.

Objective

The aim of this systematic review is twofold: (1) to evaluate effectiveness of recently developed and tested interactive eHealth (including mHealth) interventions on medication adherence in adult patients using long-term medication and (2) to describe strategies among effective interventions.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were systematically searched from January 2014 to July 2019 as well as reference lists and citations of included articles. Eligible studies fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: (1) randomized controlled trial with a usual care control group; (2) a total sample size of at least 50 adult patients using long-term medication; (3) applying an interactive eHealth intervention aimed at the patient or patient’s caregiver; and (4) medication adherence as primary outcome. Methodologic quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Selection and quality assessment of studies were performed by 2 researchers (BP and BvdB or JV) independently. A best evidence synthesis was performed according to the Cochrane Back Review Group.

Results

Of the 9047 records screened, 22 randomized clinical trials were included reporting on 29 interventions. Most (21/29, 72%) interventions specified using a (mobile) phone for calling, SMS text messaging, or mobile apps. A majority of all interactive interventions (17/29) had a statistically significant effect on medication adherence (P<.05). Of these interventions, 9 had at least a small effect size (Cohen d ≥ 0.2) and 3 showed strong odds for becoming adherent in the intervention group (odds ratio > 2.0). Our best evidence synthesis provided strong evidence for a positive effect of interventions using SMS text messages or interactive voice response, mobile app, and calls as mode of providing adherence tele-feedback. Intervention strategies “to teach medication management skills,” “to improve health care quality by coordinating medication adherence care between professionals,” and “to facilitate communication or decision making between patients and health care providers” also showed strong evidence for a positive effect.

Conclusions

Overall, this review supports the hypothesis that interactive eHealth interventions can be effective in improving medication adherence. Intervention strategies that improve patients’ treatment involvement and their medication management skills are most promising and should be considered for implementation in practice.
Effectiveness of the Alfalfa App in Warfarin Therapy Management for Patients Undergoing Venous Thrombosis Prevention and Treatment: Cohort Study
Authors: Cao Hua , Jiang Shaojun , Lv Meina , Wu Tingting , Chen Wenjun , Zhang Jinhua
Published: January 2021

Background

Over the years, the internet has enabled considerable progress in the management of chronic diseases, especially hypertension and diabetes. It also provides novel opportunities in online anticoagulation management. Nevertheless, there is insufficient evidence regarding the effectiveness of online anticoagulation management.

Objective

This study explored the effectiveness and safety of warfarin management via the Alfalfa app, so as to provide evidence in support of anticoagulant management through online services.

Methods

In this retrospective, observational cohort study, 824 patients were included. In the offline group, patients went to the hospital clinic for warfarin management. In the Alfalfa app group, patients reported the dose of warfarin, current international normalized ratio (INR) value, and other related information through the Alfalfa app. Physicians or pharmacists used the app to adjust the dose of warfarin and determined the time for the next blood INR testing. Patients completed INR testing by point-of-care at home or hospital. The primary outcome of the study was the percentage of time in therapeutic range (TTR). Secondary outcomes included minor and major bleeding events, thrombotic events, warfarin-related emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and high INR values.

Results

The TTR and percentage of INR values in the range were significantly higher in the Alfalfa app group than in the offline group (79.35% vs 52.38%, P<.001; 3314/4282, 77.39% vs 2005/4202, 47.72%, P<.001, respectively). Patients managed via the Alfalfa app had lower rates of subtherapeutic (172/4282, 4.02% vs 388/4202, 9.23%; P<.001), supratherapeutic (487/4282, 11.37% vs 882/4202, 20.99%; P<.001), and extreme subtherapeutic INR values (290/4282, 6.77% vs 910/4202, 21.66%; P<.001). Additionally, the Alfalfa app group had lower incidences of major bleeding (2/425, 0.5% vs 12/399, 3.0%; P=.005), warfarin-related emergency department visits (13/425, 3.1% vs 37/399, 9.3%; P<.001), and hospital admissions (1/425, 0.2% vs 12/399, 3.0%; P=.001) compared with the offline group. However, the Alfalfa app group had a higher incidence of minor bleeding than the offline group (45/425, 10.6% vs 20/399, 5.0%; P=.003). There were similar incidences in extreme supratherapeutic INR values (19/4282, 0.44% vs 17/4202, 0.40%; P=.78) and thromboembolic events (1/425, 0.2% vs 1/399, 0.3%; P=.53) between the two groups.

Conclusions

Warfarin management is superior via the Alfalfa app than via offline services in terms of major bleeding events, warfarin-related emergency department visits, and hospital admissions.
Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries in South Africa: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Kimmie-Dhansay Faheema , Barrie Robert , Naidoo Sudeshni , Roberts Tina Sharon
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Young children are at the highest risk of developing dental caries as they have a lack of autonomy over their diet and oral hygiene practices. Dental caries develops over time due to demineralization of tooth substance (enamel), which results from acid production during sugar metabolism by bacteria. Early onset of dental caries often results in asymptomatic presentation, but if left untreated, it can result in severe pain, infection, and dentoalveolar abscesses. Early childhood caries (ECC) is defined as dental caries in children aged 6 years and younger and is a significant public health problem in South Africa. According to the Global Burden of Disease study, untreated dental caries of primary teeth affects 532 million children. Untreated dental caries has many detrimental effects which can affect the physical development and reduce the quality of life of affected children. Furthermore, long-term untreated dental caries can result in school absenteeism, low BMI, and poor educational outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of ECC in South Africa in children under the age of 6 years.

METHODS

All cross-sectional studies documenting the prevalence and severity of dental disease (decayed, missing, and filled teeth scores) will be included. Various databases will be searched for eligible studies. Only studies conducted on South African children aged 6 years and under will be included. There will be no restriction on the time or language of publication. The quality of all eligible studies will be analyzed by a risk of bias tool developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The results will be presented narratively, and if possible, a meta-analysis will be conducted.

RESULTS

The protocol is registered with PROSPERO. The literature search was initially conducted in November 2018 and was repeated in November 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study will be used to advise stakeholders of the prevalence and severity of dental disease in children under 6 years of age in South Africa.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD42018112161;

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/25795
Evaluation of Persian language epilepsy-related mobile apps: A systematic review and quality assessment with a focus on content (Preprint)
Authors: Zibaei Mina , Khajouei Reza
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

In Iran, around 0.05 of population suffer from epilepsy. Poorer health outcomes stem from limited health literacy. The use of mHealth, especially for educating patients in terms of self-care can be very effective. But the important thing is the content that is presented by apps, especially when unreliable or biased information can negatively affect the patient-doctor relationship, causing anxiety or stress. Also, usability of mHealth apps and their impact on behavior change are the other important issues that should be considered.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of Persian language epilepsy-related mobile applications in terms of functionality and quality with a focus on content.

METHODS

The Persian equivalent of the keywords 'epilepsy' and 'seizure' were searched in the Google Play, Cafe Bazaar and IranApps app stores and the Persian language applications about epilepsy were extracted. These apps were evaluated by two trained reviewers independently using the uMARS scale and DISCERN instrument. Also apps’ prices and the number of installations were assessed.

RESULTS

A total of 659 applications were retrieved, 78 of which were epilepsy-related. After exclusion of non-Persian language and duplicate apps, there remained 11 relevant apps. The overall mean uMARS score was 2.8 out of 5 while six out of 11 apps (54%) scored higher than 3. The mean figures for the section-specific scores were as follows: engagement 2.2, functionality 4.0, aesthetics 3.3, and information 2.3. The overall DISCERN scores ranged from 26 to 40 out of 80, while the mean score was 34.5. The mean score of reliability was 18.5.

CONCLUSIONS

This study showed that the overall information quality of the epilepsy apps is poor. The most important missing characteristics of these apps include lack of functionalities for self-care, missing entry date, lack of details about additional sources and inexistence of the risks/benefits of each treatment. The findings suggest that more efforts should be made to develop evidence-based epilepsy-related apps to cover broader domains of self-care and behavioral change techniques.
Editorial
Authors: Jiménez Zaldivar María Elena
Published: January 2021

En este número, RDP Revista Digital de Posgrado presenta un panorama sobre retos regionales educativos, socioambientales y de sustentabilidad económica para México. La sección Artículos incluye un trabajo del campo de la Pedagogía, “El Modelo Educativo UABJO. Una ruptura epistemológica necesaria", y dos de Economía: “Regiones ganadoras y cultivos perdedores de México en el TLCAN. Perspectivas para el T-MEC” y “Competitividad y medio ambiente en la región centro de México”. La sección Ensayos contiene el texto: “Las epidemias (pestilentiae) en los relatos titolivianos”; mientras que la sección Reseñas bibliográficas ofrece Santiago apóstol combate a los moros en el Perú.
El Modelo Educativo UABJO. Una ruptura epistemológica necesaria
Authors: Reyes de la Cruz Virginia Guadalupe , Bautista Martínez Eduardo C.
Published: January 2021

El 15 de noviembre de 2019, el H. Consejo Universitario de la Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca aprobó el Modelo Educativo UABJO para la Transformación Social; modelo orientado a cambiar el paradigma de la universidad, considerado como el espacio donde confluyen todos los tipos de saberes que construyen las cosmovisiones de quienes interactúan en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Dichos saberes disciplinares/científicos, comunitarios/culturales y sentido común/cotidianos se retoman en el aula para generar procesos dialógicos que permitan construir conocimientos socialmente significativos y al mismo tiempo situarlos en contextos reales, como parte de una formación vinculada a la sociedad y a la atención de las necesidades del entorno. Debido a que el conocimiento generado en la Universidad debe devolverse a la sociedad en la cual se construye y coadyuvar de manera significativa a la mejora continua de los procesos formativos de los estudiantes, egresados y la comunidad en general. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar el posicionamiento epistemológico del cual se partió para su construcción y dar cuenta de los procesos que se emprendieron y dieron pauta para la construcción del modelo que aquí se presenta.
Anxiety and Sleep Quality are Affected in Students from Social Sciences
Authors: González Salinas Sofía , Cruz Sánchez Rubí Abigail , Ferrer Juárez Luis Enrique , Reyes Garduño Martha Edith , Gil Trejo María José , Sánchez Moguel Sergio Manuel
Published: January 2021

Sleep quality in college students has been related to anxiety and depressive symptomatology. However, the available statistics have been focused on students from Health Sciences thus preventing to know whether the same problematic is observed in students from other Majors. We applied the scales DASS-21, PSQI, and EAT-26 to 80 Mexican undergraduate students enrolled to any of the first three semesters of Majors in Administration, Industrial Engineering, or Medicine. We report that the percentage of students with abnormal scores in anxiety (33.33%) and poor sleeping quality (71.43%) was higher in Administration students. By using a logistic regression model, we show that anxiety scores can be explained by stress level, poor sleep quality, depression scores, and by the Major of study. Our findings show that anxiety management is needed for students to alleviate other emotional affections and improve sleep quality, particularly for those of Social Sciences.
Innovative Work Behavior: Development and Validation of a Scale for Teachers
Authors: Salessi Solana , Etchevers María Rosa
Published: January 2021

The innovative work behaviour constitutes a set of actions of opportunity exploration, idea generation, idea promotion and idea realization. Although generic scales are available, there are none to explore innovative behaviour in teaching practice. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a scale to measure teacher's innovative work behaviour. It was designed as an instrumental- transversal study. A sample of 458 primary school teachers (86.4% women, Mage = 34.67 years, Mseniority = 7.77 years) answered the developed scale with other standardized measures of psychological capital and job satisfaction. Factor analyses indicated a tetra-factorial structure that explained 69% of the total variance. Twelve items with high reliability integrated the final version of the scale. Evidence of convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity was obtained.
Strengths and Challenges for Medical Students and Residents in Rural Japan
Authors: Ohta Ryuichi , Ryu Yoshinori , Katsube Takuji , Otani Jun , Moriwaki Yoshihiro
Published: January 2021

Background and Objectives: In Japan, family medicine training is driven by community-based medical education (CBME) and is often provided in rural community hospitals and clinics. Although CBME’s positive relationship to family medicine in rural community hospitals is proven, the learning processes of medical students and residents in rural community hospitals needs investigating. The objective of this study was to reveal medical students’ and residents’ changing motivations and learning behaviors, as well as the factors underpinning their transition between medical schools or tertiary hospitals and rural community hospitals.
Methods: Over 2 years, the researchers conducted one-on-one interviews with 50 medical students and 30 residents participating in family medicine training at a rural community hospital, and analyzed the difficulties the participants encountered and how they overcame them. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. We used grounded theory in the data analysis to clarify the findings.
Results: Three key themes emerged: educational background, changing environment, and factors driving the learning cycle. Participants had difficulties in overcoming differences between their previous education and their CBME, particularly regarding expected roles and the variety of medical issues. They overcame their difficulties through cognitive apprenticeships and legitimate peripheral participation enhanced by daily reflection.
Conclusions: In rural community hospitals, participants struggled to adapt to the wider practice range and the more interactive relationship with educators. Cognitive apprenticeships and legitimate peripheral participation, supported by constant reflection between learners and clinical teachers, can facilitate learning, leading to more effective learning and practice of family medicine in rural areas.
PESQUISA DE SURVEY E AMOSTRAGEM: APORTES TEÓRICOS ELEMENTARES
Authors: Mineiro Márcia
Published: January 2021

Quando um pesquisador deseja investigar um problema cuja resposta depende das informações das pessoas, uma pesquisa de Survey pode ser o tipo de procedimento metodológico apropriado. Este trabalho tem com o objetivo geral discutir a pesquisa de survey teórica, operacional e eticamente. Tem como objetivos específicos conceituar o survey caracterizando-o, discutir seu desenvolvimento ao longo da história; apresentar os elementos operacionais (técnicas e instrumentos) do survey; oferecer brevemente aspectos teóricos sobre a amostragem; aventar os alcances e limites do survey; debater questões éticas relativas a este tipo de investigação; expor instrumentos disponíveis para sua operacionalização na Web. Há, ao final, um breve comentário sobre as principais obras utilizadas para a construção deste trabalho. Justifica-se sua elaboração por ser um aporte de conhecimentos elementares aos pesquisadores para que possam empreender investigações sob este tipo procedimental. Baseou-se em duas obras seminais que discutem a pesquisa de survey: Babbie (1999) e Fowler Jr. (2011). Para a construção metodológica do artigo pautou-se na revisão literária e eletrônica. Concluiu-se que os elementos operacionais, os instrumentos de coleta de dados, as vantagens e desvantagens foram devidamente apresentados, sem desconsiderar os alcances e limites da pesquisa de survey.
IMPLICAÇÕES DO ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO NA CONSTITUIÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE PROFISSIONAL: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Moreira Jefferson da Silva
Published: January 2021

O texto coloca em relevo o relato da trajetória formativa de graduandos em Pedagogia de uma universidade pública baiana no percurso do Estágio Supervisionado em Gestão e Coordenação Pedagógica. À luz das contribuições teóricas de autores como D’Ávila (2014, 2010), Pimenta (2012), Dubar (1997), entre outros, esboçamos análises sobre os impactos dessas experiências como elementos imprescindíveis para a implicação identitária com a profissão docente. Com efeito, salientamos que o estágio é concebido como campo de pesquisa, numa perspectiva teórico-prática, rompendo com os preceitos propostos pela racionalidade técnica, que tendem a conceber o “chão” da escola como ambiente de aplicação dos conhecimentos teóricos produzidos na universidade. Em síntese, esperamos que as experiências aqui relatadas possam contribuir para a reflexão dos aspectos cotidianos da prática educativa, incentivando a construção de processos (auto)formativos nos cursos de licenciaturas, que devem ter como principal objetivo a consolidação da formação de professores.
TRANSVERSALIDADE ALTERCIENTÍFICA: NARRATIVAS OUTRAS E EPISTEMOLOGIAS À PROCURA DE JUSTIÇA
Authors: Pereira Artur Oriel , Melo Claudine Dutra , Ernst Daniela Carolina , Dos Santos Gisleide , Trindade João Alessandro Frazão , Galvão José Renato Margarido
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo trata de uma proposição transversal altercientífica que nos instiga em busca de entrelaçar linguagens e construir algumas reflexões para retratar narrativas outras e saberes construídos no eixo Sul Global. Uma produção coletiva que escancara portas para tantas outras discussões e que há tempos já toma forma no discurso da população em geral, principalmente dos/as pessoas negros/as e indígenas, que se veem representados/as nas narrativas contemporâneas. Como um movimento de luta e reivindicação de justiça frente ao epistemicídio e a necropolítica que destrói formas de conhecimentos, culturas e vidas que não são assimiladas pela colonialidade do Ocidente branco, propomos uma práxis educativa pautada na diversidade respeitando-se às diferenças, de maneira a produzir forças para os enfrentamentos cotidianos, a promoção de mudanças na forma de se pensar/realizar a Ciência, a Educação, com vista à mudança de compreensão dos sujeitos e do mundo.
TRAINING OF EDUCATORS FOR THE SOCIAL INCLUSION AND TRAINING OF UNACCOMPANIED FOREIGN MINORS IN SPAIN
Authors: González-Monteagudo José , De la Portilla Alberto , León-Sánchez Mario
Published: January 2021

The article begins with an introduction to the Spanish context, focusing on migration, diversity, and the specific profile and needs of immigrant minors arriving alone in Spain, which raises the new professional roles of social educators working in intercultural diversity contexts. The second section of the article deals with educators' training of immigrant minors and young people, a relatively neglected and under-served field. Sections three and four are dedicated to present two training experiences we have carried out, on a four-month online course for under-age educators and a short-term face-to-face course on the same topic
Opportunists in peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: the example of Paracoccus yeei
Authors: Fosso Christelle , Maillart Evelyne , Beun Bram , Touzani Fahd , Mahadeb Bhavna , Clevenbergh Philippe
Published: January 2021

We report a case of P. yeei CAPD-peritonitis in a patient experiencing
repeated episodes of peritonitis. P. yeei, an emerging opportunistic
pathogen, takes advantage of specific virulence factors and peculiar
circumstances. We discuss the exogenous or endogenous microbial source
of the peritonitis and guidelines to decrease its occurrence.
On Douglas-Shapiro-Shields factorizations
Authors: Gu Caixing , Hwang In , Lee Woo
Published: January 2021

In this note we consider the kernels of vectorial Hankel operators and
examine a question which functions are admitted to canonical
?pseudo?-Douglas-Shapiro-Shields factorizations.
Complete convergence and complete moment convergence for negatively dependent random variables under sub-linear expectations
Authors: Wu Qunying , Jiang Yuanying
Published: January 2021

This paper we study and establish the complete convergence and complete
moment convergence theorems under a sub-linear expectation space. As
applications, the complete convergence and complete moment convergence for
negatively dependent random variables with CV (exp (ln? |X|)) < ?, ? > 1
have been generalized to the sub-linear expectation space context. We extend
some complete convergence and complete moment convergence theorems for the
traditional probability space to the sub-linear expectation space. Our
results generalize corresponding results obtained by Gut and Stadtm?ller
(2011), Qiu and Chen (2014) and Wu and Jiang (2016). There is no report on
the complete moment convergence under sub-linear expectation, and we provide
the method to study this subject.
Kato decomposition theorem for linear pencils
Authors: Mnif Maher , Neji Raouia
Published: January 2021

The aim of this paper is to give a Kato decomposition, associated to a pair
of operators, which removes the jump at the origin. Exactly we will give the
class of linear pencils having a constant jump as a generalization of upper
semi-Fredholm pencils and we get a Kato decomposition related to this class.
On a solvable three-dimensional system of difference equations
Authors: Kara Merve , Yazlik Yasin
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we show that the following three-dimensional system of
difference equations xn = zn-2xn-3/axn-3 + byn-1, yn = xn-2yn-3/cyn-3
+ dzn-1, zn = yn-2zn-3/ezn-3+ fxn-1, n ? N0, where the parameters
a, b, c, d, e, f and the initial values x-i, y-i, z-i, i ? {1, 2, 3}, are
real numbers, can be solved, extending further some results in literature.
Also, we determine the asymptotic behavior of solutions and the forbidden
set of the initial values by using the obtained formulas.
On the representation of monogenic functions by the product bases of polynomials
Authors: Abul-Ez Mahmoud , Abdalla Mohamed , Al-Ahmadi Aidah
Published: January 2021

The main purpose of this paper is to study questions concerning
representations of Clifford valued functions by the product bases of Clifford
polynomials. By the way we generalize several results from complex analysis
to the setting of Clifford analysis.
On the stability of the telegraph equation with time delay
Authors: Ashyralyev Allaberen , Agirseven Deniz , Turk Koray
Published: January 2021

In this study, the initial value problem for telegraph equations with time
delay in a Hilbert space is considered. The main theorem on stability
estimates for the solution of this problem is established. As a test
problem, one-dimensional delay telegraph equation with the Dirichlet
boundary condition is considered.
Global-local knowledge exchange and the emergence of translocal spaces in the city: The case of Belgrade
Authors: Petrovic Jelisaveta , Tokovic Milena
Published: January 2021

The focus of this paper is exploration of translocal spaces through
examination of global-local knowledge exchange between middling migrants and
?cosmopolitan? locals in semi-peripheral urban contexts. Translocal spaces
are taken as concrete places (workplace, venue of business meeting, places
for entertainment and recreation, public spaces, etc.) where interactions
between middling migrants and the local population occur and where global
and local knowledge, experience and practice are exchanged. The analysis is
based on the results of qualitative research conducted in Belgrade (from
November 2018 to March 2019). The sample is composed of 42 respondents: 21
middling migrants (well-educated transmigrants employed in international
companies, developmental agencies, embassies and universities) and 21
?cosmopolitan? locals (Serbian employees in international companies and
agencies who have been educated abroad and/or have a rich experience of
working in a multinational environment). The paper focuses on two aspects:
(1) opportunities and obstacles for globallocal knowledge exchange; and (2)
spaces in Belgrade where this exchange most frequently occurs and that, as a
consequence, become translocal.
HOLDING RESPONSIBLE RECONSIDERED
Authors: Svirsky Larisa
Published: January 2021

Following Strawson, many philosophers have claimed that holding someone responsible necessitates its being appropriate to feel or express the negative reactive attitudes (e.g., resentment, indignation, and anger) toward her. This view, while compelling, is unable to capture the full range of cases in which we hold others responsible in ordinary life. Consider the parent who holds her 5-year-old responsible for not teasing his sister, or the therapist who holds her patient responsible for avoiding self-injurious behavior. Holding responsible in such cases requires enforcing normative expectations, but these norms can (and typically should) be enforced without involving the negative reactive attitudes. To demonstrate this, I consider how responsibility attributions function in psychotherapy, as well as in other contexts where the negative reactive attitudes do not have a natural home.
Activation of dsRNA-Dependent Protein Kinase R by miR-378 Sustains Metabolic Inflammation in Hepatic Insulin Resistance
Authors: Wang Hao , Song Yongyan , Wu Yuxin , Kumar Virender , Mahato Ram I. , Su Qiaozhu
Published: January 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small RNAs that regulate various pathophysiological cellular processes. Here, we report that expression of the miR-378 family was significantly induced by metabolic inflammatory inducers, a high-fructose diet, and inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α. Hepatic miRNA profiling revealed that expression of miR-378a was highly upregulated, which, in turn, targeted the 3′-untranslated region of PPARα mRNA, impaired mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, and induced mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress. More importantly, the upregulated miR-378a can directly bind to and activate the double-strand RNA (dsRNA)–dependent protein kinase R (PKR) to sustain the metabolic stress. In vivo, genetic depletion of miR-378a prevented PKR activation and ameliorated inflammatory stress and insulin resistance. Counterbalancing the upregulated miR-378a using nanoparticles encapsulated with an anti-miR-378a oligonucleotide restored PPARα activity, inhibited PKR activation and ER stress, and improved insulin sensitivity in fructose-fed mice. Our study delineated a novel mechanism of miR-378a in the pathogenesis of metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance through targeting metabolic signaling at both mRNA (e.g., PPARα) and protein (e.g., PKR) molecules. This novel finding of functional interaction between miRNAs (e.g., miR-378a) and cellular RNA binding proteins (e.g., PKR) is biologically significant because it greatly broadens the potential targets of miRNAs in cellular pathophysiological processes.
Insulinemic and Inflammatory Dietary Patterns Show Enhanced Predictive Potential for Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Jin Qi , Shi Ni , Aroke Desmond , Lee Dong Hoon , Joseph Joshua J. , Donneyong Macarius , Conwell Darwin L. , Hart Phil A. , Zhang Xuehong , Clinton Steven K. , Cruz-Monserrate Zobeida , Brasky Theodore M. , Jackson Rebecca , Tinker Lesley F. , Liu Simin , Phillips Lawrence S. , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Nassir Rami , Bao Wei , Tabung Fred K.
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

The empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) and empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) scores assess the insulinemic and inflammatory potentials of habitual dietary patterns, irrespective of the macronutrient content, and are based on plasma insulin response or inflammatory biomarkers, respectively. The glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) assess postprandial glycemic potential based on dietary carbohydrate content. We tested the hypothesis that dietary patterns promoting hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation, or hyperglycemia may influence type 2 diabetes risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We calculated dietary scores from baseline (1993–1998) food frequency questionnaires among 73,495 postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative, followed through March 2019. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for type 2 diabetes risk. We also estimated multivariable-adjusted absolute risk of type 2 diabetes.

RESULTS

During a median 13.3 years of follow-up, 11,009 incident cases of type 2 diabetes were diagnosed. Participants consuming the most hyperinsulinemic or proinflammatory dietary patterns experienced greater risk of type 2 diabetes; HRs (95% CI) comparing highest to lowest dietary index quintiles were EDIH 1.49 (1.32–1.68; Ptrend < 0.0001) and EDIP 1.45 (1.29–1.63; Ptrend < 0.0001). The absolute excess incidence for the same comparison was 220 (EDIH) and 271 (EDIP) cases per 100,000 person-years. GI and GL were not associated with type 2 diabetes risk: GI 0.99 (0.88–1.12; Ptrend = 0.46) and GL 1.01 (0.89–1.16; Ptrend = 0.30).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings in this diverse cohort of postmenopausal women suggest that lowering the insulinemic and inflammatory potentials of the diet may be more effective in preventing type 2 diabetes than focusing on glycemic foods.
Effect of Activator Type on Activated Carbon Characters from Teak Wood and The Bleaching Test for Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Sriatun Sriatun , Herawati Shabrina , Aisyah Icha
Published: January 2021

The starting material for activated carbon was biomass from teak woodcutting, which consists of 47.5% cellulose, 14.4% hemicellulose, and 29.9% lignin. The surface area and iodine number of activated carbons are the factors determining the adsorption ability. This study aims to determine the effect of the activator type on activated carbon characters and test the absorption ability for waste cooking oil. The synthesis stages include carbonization, chemical activation, and then physics activation. The activation process consists of two steps. Firstly, the chemical activation via adding H2SO4, and H3PO4 at room temperature for 24 hours, the second, physical activation by heating at various temperatures of 300, 400, and 500 °C for two hours. The characterizations of activated carbon include water content, ash content, iodine number, functional groups, and surface area. Furthermore, the activated carbon was used as an adsorbent for waste cooking oil for 60 minutes at 100 °C with a stirring of 500 rpm. The results were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a maximum wavelength of 403 nm. The iodine numbers of activated carbon ranged 481.1-1211.4 mg/g and 494.8-1204 mg/g for H3PO4 and H2SO4, respectively.Activated carbon with H3PO4 of 15% and an activation temperature of 400 °C has the highest surface area of 445.30 m2/g.  The H2SO4 dan H3PO4 activators can be used to improve the quality of activated carbon in absorbing dyes in waste cooking oil, where the optimum concentration is 10-15% (v/v). The H3PO4 activator tends to produce a higher bleaching percentage than H2SO4.
Preparation of Hydroxyapatite Scaffold using Luffa Cylindrica Sponge as Template
Authors: Fadli Ahmad , Widiyanti Prihartini , Noviana Deni , Prabowo Agung , Ismawati Heni
Published: January 2021

Hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold has been widely applied in the biomedical field especially for bone implants. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of dispersant addition and stirring time on HA scaffold which formed using gambas sponges as a template. HA slurry was made by mixing 10 grams of HA, 12 grams of aquadest, 0,2; 0,25; 0,3 grams of Darvan 821A and 1 gram of sago. The slurry was impregnated into Luffa cylindrica sponges. The sample then dried at 110oC for 3 hours. The green bodies were burned at 600oC for 1 hour and followed by sintering at 1250oC for 1 hour. The results showed that the addition of dispersant and increasing of stirring time lead to smaller porosity and shrinkage. In addition 0,2; 0,25; and 0,3 grams dispersant, the resulting porosity in the range of 63,85-70,78%; 58,74-70,35%; and 53,42-69,66%. Shrinkage 39,43-53,71%; 27,75-50,68%; and 13,61-41,25%. Compressive strength 0,61-1,05 MPa; 2,88-3,81MPa; and 0,52-2,96 MPa. The macroporous and microporous average pore sized was 50 µm dan 5 µm.
Soil Fungal Community Responses to the Silver Nanoparticles Contamination as Assessed by Illumina Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)
Authors: Oktarina Hartati , Singleton Ian
Published: January 2021

The increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) due to its excellent antimicrobial activity in commercial products prompting concerns about their fate in the environment. The toxicity of AgNPs is mainly the result of Ag+ ions. In this study, soil was experimentally contaminated with 100 mg kg-1 of AgNO3 to investigate its effect on fungal soil community. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from the soil was extracted at the 6th, 12th, and 24th month of observation and assessed by Illumina Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). The results show that, the pollutant change fungal community in soil. After 12 months incubated the number of fungal species in the soil reduced significantly and 40% of the community was dominated by one species.
INVENTARISASI JAMUR PATOGEN TANAMAN BUAH NAGA (Hylocereus undatus) DI PT. Nusantara Tropical Farm (NTF) LAMPUNG TIMUR
Authors: Chandra Septa , Suharjo Radix , Prasetyo Joko , Efri Efri
Published: January 2021

Peningkatan produksi tanaman buah naga selalu diupayakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen, namun seperti halnya tanaman budidaya lainnya, permasalahan hama dan penyakit tanaman juga menjadi salah satu faktor pembatas peningkatan produksi buah naga.  Penanaman yang dilakukan secara luas dan monokulturakan meningkatkan resiko terjadinya ledakan hama dan penyakit.  Tidak adanya informasi yang akurat tentang jenis penyebab penyakit yang menyerang menjadi salah satu faktor penyebab permasalahan penyakit tanaman ini sulit diatasi.  Kurangnya informasi ini mengakibatkan langkah pengendalian yang dilakukan menjadi tidak optimal.  Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan inventarisasi jenis patogen, agar teknik pengendalian yang nantinya digunakan dapat tepat sasaran sehingga hasil pengendaliannya dapat lebih optimal.  Dalam penelitian ini, inventarisasi dilakukan kepada penyakit tanaman yang disebabkan oleh jamur. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung.  Pengambilan sampel tanaman sakit dilakukan di perkebunan PT. Nusantara Tropical Farm (NTF) Di Kecamatan Way Jepara, Kabupaten Lampung Timur.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  menginventarisasi jamur patogen yang menyerang tanaman buah naga di PT. Nusantara Tropical Farm (NTF). Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa Jamur penyebab penyakit buah naga di PT. Nusantara Tropical Farm (NTF) adalah Jamur Neofusicoccum parvum yang menyebabkan gejala karat pada bagian batang tanaman buah naga dengan tingkat serangan tertinggi 55,06, jamur Colletotricum gloesporioides yang  menyebabkan gejala busuk pada buah naga, jamur Neoscytalidium dimidiatum yang menyebabkan gejala antraknosa pada bagian batang tanaman buah naga dengan tingkat serangan tertinggi 11,67 %
EFIKASI HERBISIDA PARAKUAT DIKLORIDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN GULMA DAN TANAMAN SERTA HASIL KEDELAI (Glycine max L. Merr)
Authors: Sari Gangga Prastita , Susanto Herry , Hidayat Kuswanta Futas , Pujisiswanto Hidayat
Published: January 2021

Keberadaan gulma pada lahan budidaya tanaman kedelai menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan mutu dan produksi.  Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu tindakan pengelolaan yaitu pengendalian gulma. Salah satu metode pengendalian gulma adalah secara kimiawi menggunakan herbisida.  Herbisida yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah herbisida parakuat diklorida. Herbisida tersebut bersifat kontak sehingga diharapkan cepat dalam mengendalikan gulma. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis herbisida parakuat diklorida yang efektif dalam mengendalikan gulma pada lahan budidaya tanaman kedelai, mengetahui apakah terjadi perubahan komposisi gulma akibat aplikasi herbisida parakuat diklorida, serta mengetahui apakah terjadi fitotoksisitas dan penghambatan pertumbuhan serta hasil tanaman kedelai akibat aplikasi herbisida parakuat diklorida. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan petani Desa Pemanggilan, Kecamatan Natar, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan dan Laboratorium Gulma Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung mulai bulan Februari hingga Mei 2019. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan empat ulangan dan enam perlakuan yaitu herbisida parakuat diklorida dosis 405 g/ha, 540 g/ha, 675 g/ha, 810 g/ha , penyiangan manual, dan kontrol.  Homogenitas ragam data diuji dengan uji Bartlett, additivitas data diuji dengan uji Tukey, dan perbedaan nilai tengah diuji dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf 5 %.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Herbisida parakuat diklorida dosis 405–810 g/ha efektif  mengendalikan gulma total, gulma golongan daun lebar, gulma golongan rumput serta gulma dominan (Croton hirtus, Mimosa invisa, Rottboellia exaltata, dan Synedrella nodiflora)di areal tanaman kedelai hingga 6 MSA. Herbisida parakuat diklorida menyebabkan perubahan komposisi gulma antara 29-49 % pada 3 MSA dan 23-38 % pada 6 MSA. Aplikasi herbisida parakuat diklorida dosis 405 – 810 g/ha menyebabkan fitotoksisitas dalam skala ringan dengan rentang toksisitas  5–20 %, dosis 405–810 g/ha tidak menghambat pertumbuhan dan produksi kedelai lebih rendah pada perlakuan herbisida dosis 405 – 675 g/ha.
A study of droplet evaporation coupling model based on Eulerian method
Authors: Tan Y. , Shang J. , Zhan Y.
Published: January 2021

Research on engine icing is a hot topic among the world. Different from the aircraft wing or airframe icing, the evaporation phenomenon in the internal flow field has a great influence on the engine icing. Moreover, the thermodynamic coupling between droplets and flow field is not available in current particle trajectory calculations, or only for one-dimensional situation. Therefore, a three-dimensional droplet trajectory calculation model based on Eulerian method is used to demonstrate the thermodynamic coupling between droplets and flow field. The model was verified by NRC small engine icing wind tunnel test data and the flow field evolution is obtained which cannot be obtained by the one-dimensional coupling model. In the meanwhile, the effects of different initial LWC, relative humidity and MVD on the internal flow evaporation were studied, and the trends of droplets and flow field affected by evaporation were obtained. The numerical method in this paper can provide guidance for the subsequent research on engine icing
ANALISIS PENGARUSUTAMAAN GENDER (PUG) DAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TENGAH
Authors: Valentina Annissa
Published: January 2021

Studi ini bertujuan memetakan masalah kesenjangan gender dan perlindungan anak dalam lingkungan masyarakat lokal agar pemerintah dapat menciptakan strategi dan arahan kebijakan yang berpihak pada kesetaraan gender dan terlindunginya hak anak. Studi dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah, Provinsi Lampung, Sumatera Bagian ter-Selatan. Pemerintah seharusnya sensitif gender dan anak dengan melakukan upaya-upaya mengatasi kesenjangan gender untuk menjamin terpenuhinya kebutuhan praktis maupun strategis bagi segenap kalangan melalui PUG (Pengarusutamaan Gender) dan Perlindungan Anak menggunakan metode survei dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perempuan belum memahami kekerasan mental karena hanya mengetahui kekerasan fisik, masih banyak orangtua yang belum memiliki pengetahuan pola asuh anak yang tepat, pelayanan kesehatan belum berstandar pelayanan bagi anak-anak sehingga hak anak belum terpenuhi, dan belum adanya komitmen politik pemerintah yang dituangkan dalam payung hukum yang jelas dalam implementasi PUG dan Perlindungan Anak di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah karena masih sebatas wacana
KONSEP PENDIDKAN ANAK MARGINAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS MASYARAKAT
Authors: Sandora Meri
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah pendidikan untuk anak-anak yang termarginalkan. Metodelogi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapatnya anak marginal pada masyarakat kita. Anak-anak marginal ini belumlah mendapatkan hak-haknya sebagaimana anak-anak pada umumnya, terutama dalam hal mendapatkan pendidikan baik itu formal maupun informal. Hal ini dilatarbelakangi oleh ekonomi keluarga, dan kondisi sosial. Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa anak-anak marginal belum mendapat pendidikan yang layak, padahal sekarang ini sudah terdapat rumah singgah untuk mereka mendapatkan pendidikan dan keterampilan. Namun sayangnya rumah singgah ini belumlah tersosialisasi dengan baik kepada mereka. Rumah singgah ini adalah sebagai tempat untuk mereka mendapatkan pendidikan dan keterampilan agar mereka mempunyai keahlian guna memperoleh pekerjaan yang lebih layak
KONTRIBUSI PEREMPUAN TERHADAP KETAHANAN KELUARGA PADA MASYARAKAT NELAYAN PESISIR PANTAI BENGKALIS
Authors: Alfiah Alfiah , Mustakim Mustakim , Naskah Naskah , Nuryanti Nuryanti , Salmiah Salmiah
Published: January 2021

Peran perempuan dalam sektor perikanan/nelayan, khususnya kontribusi mereka dalam pendapatan dan tenaga kerja. Di sisi lain, wanita juga mempunyai peranan yang aktif dan penting dalam ketahanan pangan dan keluarga. Dimana perempuan memainkan peranan penting dalam menjaga ketahanan keluarga. Ketahanan keluarga akan terwujud jika keluarga bisa hidup tentram, bahagia dan terpenuhinya kebutuhan. Untuk mewujudkan ketahanan keluarga sebagaimana yang didambakan merupakan usaha yang tidak mudah, karena terbentuknya keluarga merupakan sebuah proses yang panjang dan melalui kerjasama dan penyesuaian yang tidak mudah, mengingat keluarga terbentuk dari dua kepribadian yang berasal dari keluarga yang berbeda, memiliki latar belakang dan pengalaman hidup yang berbeda pula. Sementara disi lain, keluarga nelayan selalu diidentikkan sebagai keluarga miskin, yang pada akhirnya tetap menuntut kontrobusi peran perempuan dalam memperkuat ketahanan keluarga nelayan.Metode yang digunakan dalam openelitian ini adalag deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunkana alat pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi yang selanjutnya dianalisis dengan metode deduktif dengan reduksi data dan yang menjadi informen penelitian ini adalah perempuan  para istri nelayan di peseisir Bengkalus. Hasil penelitaian adalah kontribusi perempuan dalam ketahanan keluarga nelayan ini sangat besar dan penting dalam bentuk peningkatan ekonomi keluarga, peningkatan peran lingkunga sosial, peningkatan kesadaran pendidikan da peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat
STUDI ANALISIS KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN COOPERATIVE DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF GENDER
Authors: Fernando Fernando , Permana P Niki Dian , Zarkasih Zarkasih , Ilhami Aldeva
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyze the Effect of the Implementation of the Cooperative Learning Model on the Science Process Skills of Junior High School Students From a Gender Perspective. The research method used was a meta-analysis with a sample of 15 articles in accredited journals. The results of the meta-analysis prove the influence of cooperative learning models on students' science process skills. While from the gender perspective there is no significant difference in the treatment of group learning settings based on gender on the ability of students' science process skills.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperative Terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa SMP Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Gender. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah adalah meta-analisis dengan sampel 15 artikel di jurnal terakreditasi. Hasil penelitian meta-analisis membuktikan adanya pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperative terhadap keterampilan proses sains siswa. Sedangkan dilihat dari presfektif gender, model pembelajaran kooperative tidak memberikan perbedaan yang signifikan pada perlakuan pengaturan kelompok belajar terhadap kemampuan keterampilan proses sains siswa.