bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Latitudinal patterns in phylogenetic and functional diversity of Diptera in temperate bogs
Authors: Grégoire Taillefer Amélie , Wheeler Terry A.
Published: March 2019

Conservation of biodiversity is growing in interest, and wetlands are disappearing at an alarming rate, so understanding how communities are assembled and how interactions among species and ecosystems influence evolution is critical to the management of threatened habitats. We compared diversity and assemblages of peatland Diptera within and between ecoregions in Québec, Canada. We then determined the phylogenetic structure of peatland Diptera communities and how the structure differed with spatial scale (trap, site, ecoregion). Finally, we tested alpha and beta diversity along environmental and spatial gradients to determine which processes influence Diptera communities and diversity. Bogs across the three ecoregions support similar abundance, species richness, and functional diversity. We found that the major forces structuring Diptera assemblages in bogs across Québec are stochastic processes such as dispersal limitations. However, those random patterns change to clustering when anthropogenic disturbances modify the landscape. Assembly rules are mostly dictated by patch and landscape parameters specific to each ecoregion affecting dispersal and establishment between sites. Conservation of mobile organisms in habitats such as bogs will depend on conservation plans focusing on both patch quality and surrounding landscape, and that different conservation strategies need to be applied in different ecoregions.
Distinctive Effects of GM-CSF and M-CSF on Proliferation and Polarization of Two Major Pulmonary Macrophage Populations
Authors: Draijer Christina , Penke Loka Raghu Kumar , Peters-Golden Marc
Published: March 2019

GM-CSF is required for alveolar macrophage (AM) development shortly after birth and for maintenance of AM functions throughout life, whereas M-CSF is broadly important for macrophage differentiation and self-renewal. However, the comparative actions of GM-CSF and M-CSF on AMs are incompletely understood. Interstitial macrophages (IMs) constitute a second major pulmonary macrophage population. However, unlike AMs, IM responses to CSFs are largely unknown. Proliferation, phenotypic identity, and M1/M2 polarization are important attributes of all macrophage populations, and in this study, we compared their modulation by GM-CSF and M-CSF in murine primary AMs and IMs. CSFs increased the proliferation capacity and upregulated antiapoptotic gene expression in AMs but not IMs. GM-CSF, but not M-CSF, reinforced the cellular identity, as identified by surface markers, of both cell types. GM-CSF, but not M-CSF, increased the expression of both M1 and M2 markers exclusively in AMs. Finally, CSFs enhanced the IFN-γ– and IL-4–induced polarization ability of AMs but not IMs. These first (to our knowledge) data comparing effects on the two pulmonary macrophage populations demonstrate that the activating actions of GM-CSF and M-CSF on primary AMs are not conserved in primary IMs.
Role of immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of a rare bladder tumor
Authors: Kishore Manjari , Malhotra Purnima , Bhardwaj Minakshi
Published: March 2019

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are commonly located in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract; however, these tumors can rarely be found in the urinary bladder. NETs comprise <1% of all bladder tumors; usually intermixed with urothelial carcinoma and its variants. We report a case of primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of urinary bladder in an adult female with a history of smoking and hematuria. The present case highlights the importance of immunohistochemistry in arriving at an accurate diagnosis and thereby differentiating this tumor from other clinical mimics.
Detection of biofilm among uropathogenic Escherichia coli and its correlation with antibiotic resistance pattern
Authors: Karigoudar Rashmi M. , Karigoudar Mahesh H. , Wavare Sanjay M. , Mangalgi Smita S.
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli accounts for 70%–95% of urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTI is a serious health problem with respect to antibiotic resistance and biofilms formation being the prime cause for the antibiotic resistance. Biofilm can restrict the diffusion of substances and binding of antimicrobials. In this context, the present study is aimed to perform in vitro detection of biofilm formation among E. coli strains isolated from urine and to correlate their susceptibility pattern with biofilm formation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 E. coli strains isolated from patients suffering from UTI were included in the study. The identification of E. coli was performed by colony morphology, Gram staining, and standard biochemical tests. The detection of biofilm was carried out by Congo Red Agar (CRA) method, tube method (TM), and tissue culture plate (TCP) method. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was performed by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method on Muller–Hinton agar plate.

RESULTS: Of the 100 E. coli strains, 49 (49%) and 51 (51%) were from catheterized and noncatheterized patients, respectively. Biofilm production was positive by CRA, TM, and TCP method were 49 (49%), 55 (55%), and 69 (69%), respectively. Biofilm producers showed maximum resistance to co-trimoxazole (73.9%), gentamicin (94.2%), and imipenem (11.6%) when compared to nonbiofilm producers. Significant association was seen between resistance to antibiotic and biofilm formation with a P = 0.01 (<0.05).

CONCLUSION: A greater understanding of biofilm detection in E. coli will help in the development of newer and more effective treatment. The detection of biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibility pattern helps in choosing the correct antibiotic therapy.
Elliptic curves over $\mathbb{Q}_\infty$ are modular
Authors: Thorne Jack A.
Published: March 2019

We show that if

p

is a prime, then all elliptic curves defined over the cyclotomic

\mathbb Z_p

-extension of

\mathbb Q

are modular.
Ground-based MAX-DOAS observations of tropospheric formaldehyde VCDs and comparisons with the CAMS model at a rural site near Beijing during APEC 2014
Authors: Tian Xin , Xie Pinhua , Xu Jin , Wang Yang , Li Ang , Wu Fengcheng , Hu Zhaokun , Liu Cheng , Zhang Qiong
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Formaldehyde (HCHO), a key aerosol precursor, plays a significant role in
atmospheric photo-oxidation pathways. In this study, HCHO column densities
were measured using a Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy
(MAX-DOAS) instrument at the University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS)
in Huairou District, Beijing, which is about 50 km away from the city center.
Measurements were taken during the period of 1 October 2014 to 31 December 2014,
and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit was organized
on 5–11 November. Peak values of HCHO vertical column densities (VCDs)
around noon and a good correlation coefficient R2 of 0.73 between HCHO
VCDs and surface O3 concentration during noontime indicated that the
secondary sources of HCHO through photochemical reactions of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) dominated the HCHO values in the area around UCAS.
Dependences of HCHO VCDs on wind fields and backward trajectories were
identified and indicated that the HCHO values in the area around UCAS were
considerably affected by the transport of pollutants (VOCs) from polluted
areas in the south. The effects of control measures on HCHO VCDs during the
APEC period were evaluated. During the period of the APEC conference, the
average HCHO VCDs were ∼38%±20% and
∼30%±24% lower than that during the pre-APEC and
post-APEC periods calculated at the 95 % confidence limit, respectively. This
phenomenon could be attributed to both the effects of prevailing northwest
wind fields during APEC and strict control measures. We also compared the
MAX-DOAS results with the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
model. The HCHO VCDs of the CAMS model and MAX-DOAS were generally consistent
with a correlation coefficient R2 greater than 0.68. The peak values
were consistently captured by both data datasets, but the low values were
systematically underestimated by the CAMS model. This finding may indicate
that the CAMS model can adequately simulate the effects of the transport and
the secondary sources of HCHO but underestimates the local primary sources.
Diurnal variation of high-level clouds from the synergy of AIRS and IASI space-borne infrared sounders
Authors: Feofilov Artem G. , Stubenrauch Claudia J.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Among the processes governing the energy balance of our planet, high-level clouds, due to their coverage of about 30 %, play an important role. The net radiative effect (cooling or warming of the planet) of these clouds strongly depends on their emissivity. The combination of cloud data retrieved from two space-borne infrared sounders, the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder, AIRS, and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer, IASI, which observe the Earth at four local times per day, allows to investigate the diurnal variation of these high-level clouds, distinguishing between high opaque, cirrus, and thin cirrus clouds. We demonstrate that the diurnal phase and amplitude of high-level clouds can be estimated from these measurements with an uncertainty of 1.5 h and 20 %, respectively. We have applied the developed methodology to AIRS and IASI observations and obtained monthly distributions of diurnal phase and amplitude for the period 0f 2008–2015. In agreement with other studies, the diurnal cycle is the largest over land in the tropics. At higher latitudes, the diurnal cycle is the largest during the summer. For the regions of high diurnal activity over land, the diurnal amplitudes of cloud amount are about 7 % for high opaque clouds, 9 % for cirrus, and 7 % for thin cirrus clouds. Over ocean, these values are 2 to 3 times smaller. The diurnal cycle of tropical thin cirrus seems to be similar over land and over ocean, with a minimum in the morning (9 h LT) and a maximum during night (1 h LT). Tropical high opaque clouds have a maximum in the evening (21 h LT over land), a few hours after the peak of convective rain. This lag is explained by the fact that this cloud type not only includes the convective cores, but also part of the thicker anvils. Tropical cirrus (with an emissivity > 0.5 or visible optical depth > 1.4) show a maximum amount during night (1 h LT over land). This lag indicates that they may be a part of the deep convective cloud systems. However, the peak local times also vary regionally. We are providing a global monthly database of detected diurnal cycle amplitude and phase for each cloud type.
Observations and hypotheses related to low to middle free tropospheric aerosol, water vapor and altocumulus cloud layers within convective weather regimes: A SEAC4RS case study
Authors: Reid Jeffrey S. , Posselt Derek J. , Kaku Kathleen , Holz Robert A. , Chen Gao , Eloranta Edwin W. , Kuehn Ralph E. , Woods Sarah , Zhang Jianglong , Anderson Bruce , Bui T. Paul , Diskin Glenn S. , Minnis Patrick , Newchurch Michael J. , Tanelli Simone , Trepte Charles R. , Thonrhill K. Lee , Ziemba Luke D.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The NASA Studies of Emissions & Atmospheric Composition, Clouds & Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) project included goals related to aerosol particle lifecycle in convective regimes. Using the University of Wisconsin High Spectral Resolution Lidar system at Huntsville, Alabama USA and the NASA DC-8 research aircraft, we investigate the altitude dependence of aerosol, water vapor and Altocumulus (Ac) properties in the free troposphere from a canonical August 12, 2013 convective storm case as a segue to a presentation of a mission wide analysis. It stands to reason that any moisture detrainment from convection must have an associated aerosol layer. Modes of covariability between aerosol, water vapor and Ac are examined relative to the boundary layer entrainment zone, 0 °C level, and anvil, a region known to contain Ac clouds and a complex aerosol layering structure (Reid et al., 2017). Multiple aerosol layers in regions warmer than 0 °C were observed within the PBL entrainment zone. At 0 °C there is a proclivity for aerosol and water vapor detrainment from storms, in association with melting level Ac shelves. Finally, at temperatures colder than 0 °C, weak aerosol layers were identified above Cumulus congestus tops (~0 °C and ~ 20 °C). Stronger aerosol signals return in association with anvil outflow. In situ data suggest that detraining particles undergo aqueous phase or heterogeneous chemical or microphysical transformations, while at the same time larger particles are being scavenged at higher altitudes leading to enhanced nucleation. We conclude by discussing hypotheses regarding links to aerosol emissions and potential indirect effects on Ac clouds.
Transparent exopolymer particle binding of organic and inorganic particles in the Red Sea: Implications for downward transport of biogenic materials
Authors: Dehwah Abdullah H. A. , Anderson Donald M. , Li Sheng , Mallon Francis L. , Batang Zenon , Alshahri Abdullah H. , Hegy Michael , Missimer Thomas M.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Binding of particulate and dissolved organic matter in the water column by marine gels allows sinking and cycling of organic matter into deeper water of the Red Sea and other marine water bodies. A series of four offshore profiles were made at which concentrations of bacteria, algae, particulate transparent exopolymer particles (p-TEP), colloidal transparent exopolymer particles (c-TEP), and the fractions of natural organic matter (NOM), including biopolymers, humic substances, low molecular weight neutrals, and low molecular weight acids were measured to depths ranging from 90 to 300 m. It was found that a statistically-significant relationship occurs between the concentrations of p-TEP and bacteria while a minimal, non-significant relationship between p-TEP and algae occurs. This likely reflects the low abundance of larger algal species in the study region. Variation in the biopolymer fraction of NOM in relationship to TEP and bacteria suggests that extracellular discharges of polysaccharides and proteins from the bacteria and algae are occurring without immediate abiotic assembly into p-TEP. In the water column below the photic zone, TOC, bacteria, and biopolymers show a generally common rate of reduction in concentration, but p-TEP decreases at a diminished rate, showing that it persists in moving organic carbon deeper into the water column despite consumption by bacteria.
Instrument observation strategy of new generation three-axis
stabilized geostationary meteorological satellite of China
Authors: Shang Jian , Huang Pan , Yang Huizhi , Liu Chengbao , Wang Jing , Zhao Lei , Zhou Shengxiong , Chen Xiaodong , Yang Lei , Zhang Zhiqing
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Fengyun-4 (FY-4) satellite series is the new generation of geostationary meteorological satellite of China. Thenewly adopted three-axis stabilized attitude control platform can increase observation efficiency and flexibility, while bringing great challenge to image navigation as well as integrated observation mode design. Considering the requirements of the earth observation, navigation and calibration besides observation flexibility, instrument observation strategies are proposed, including the earth, the moon, stars, cold space, blackbody, diffuser observations, on which the instruments' in-orbit daily observations must be based. The most complicated part is star observation strategy, while navigation precision is dependent on in-orbit star observations. Flexible, effective, stable and automatic star observation strategy directly influences obtaining star data and navigation precision. According to the requirement of navigation, two specific star observation strategies for the two main instruments onboard FY-4 were proposed to be used in the operational ground system. The strategies have been successfully used in FY-4 in-orbit test for more than a year. Both the simulation results and in-orbit application results are given, including instrument observation strategies, star observation strategies and moon tasks, to demonstrate the validity of the proposed observation strategies, which lay important foundations for the instruments' daily operation.
A statistical analysis of TIR anomalies extracted by RSTs in relation to an earthquake in the Sichuan area using MODIS LST data
Authors: Zhang Ying , Meng Qingyan
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Research in the field of earthquake
prediction has a long history, but the inadequacies of traditional approaches
to the study of seismic threats have become increasingly evident. Remote
sensing and Earth observation technology, an emerging method that can rapidly
capture information concerning anomalies associated with seismic activity
across a wide geographic area, has for some time been believed to be the key
to overcoming the bottleneck in earthquake prediction studies. However, a
multi-parametric method appears to be the most promising approach for
increasing the reliability and precision of short-term seismic hazard
forecasting, and thermal infrared (TIR) anomalies are important earthquake
precursors. While several studies have investigated the correlation among TIR
anomalies identified by the robust satellite techniques (RSTs) methodology and
single earthquakes, few studies have extracted TIR anomalies over a long
period within a large study area. Moreover, statistical analyses are required
to determine whether TIR anomalies are precursors to earthquakes. In this
paper, RST data analysis and the Robust Estimator of TIR Anomalies (RETIRA)
index were used to extract the TIR anomalies from 2002 to 2018 in the Sichuan
region using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land
surface temperature (LST) data, while the earthquake catalog was used to
ascertain the correlation between TIR anomalies and earthquake occurrences.
Most TIR anomalies corresponded to earthquakes, and statistical methods were
used to verify the correlation between the extracted TIR anomalies and
earthquakes. This is the first time that the ability to predict earthquakes
has been evaluated based on the positive predictive value (PPV), false
discovery rate (FDR), true-positive rate (TPR), and false-negative rate (FNR).
The statistical results indicate that the prediction potential of RSTs with
use of MODIS is limited with regard to the Sichuan region.
Control of increased sedimentation on orogenic fold-and-thrust belt structure – insights into the evolution of the Western Alps
Authors: Erdős Zoltán , Huismans Ritske S. , van der Beek Peter
Published: March 2019

Abstract. We use two-dimensional thermomechanical models to investigate the potential
role of rapid filling of foreland basins in the development of orogenic
foreland fold-and-thrust belts. We focus on the extensively studied example
of the Western European Alps, where a sudden increase in foreland
sedimentation rate during the mid-Oligocene is well documented. Our model
results indicate that such an increase in sedimentation rate will temporarily
disrupt the formation of an otherwise regular, outward-propagating basement
thrust-sheet sequence. The frontal basement thrust active at the time of a
sudden increase in sedimentation rate remains active for a longer time and
accommodates more shortening than the previous thrusts. As the propagation of
deformation into the foreland fold-and-thrust belt is strongly connected to
basement deformation, this transient phase appears as a period of slow
migration of the distal edge of foreland deformation. The predicted pattern
of foreland-basin and basement thrust-front propagation is strikingly similar
to that observed in the North Alpine Foreland Basin and provides an
explanation for the coeval mid-Oligocene filling of the Swiss Molasse Basin,
due to increased sediment input from the Alpine orogen, and a marked decrease
in thrust-front propagation rate. We also compare our results to predictions
from critical-taper theory, and we conclude that they are broadly consistent
even though critical-taper theory cannot be used to predict the timing and
location of the formation of new basement thrusts when sedimentation is
included. The evolution scenario explored here is common in orogenic foreland
basins; hence, our results have broad implications for orogenic belts other
than the Western Alps.
Abdominal Pseudocyst
Authors: Jhawer Hina Hina , Ho Jordan , Morrison John
Published: March 2019

We report clinical details and imaging findings of a case of a giant pseudocyst occurring in the anterior abdominal wall of a 61-year-old female. This was a late complication following the repair of an incisional hernia with mesh. Surgical excision revealed a well-encapsulated pseudocyst with histopathology confirming absence of epithelial cells. We further discuss current treatment methods for incisional hernias, as well as prevalence, etiology, and management of pseudocysts complicating hernioplasty.
Health Information Held Hostage
Authors: Orzylowski Jacek , Fleshner Katherine
Published: March 2019

Electronic medical records are increasingly vulnerable to hackers exploiting the consistent lack of cybersecurity expertise in hospitals. Since education in digital hygiene will likely never truly conquer the absent-minded nature of humankind, it could be worthwhile to implement the distributed system of InterPlanetary File System, reducing the incidence of patient records being held hostage by hackers, but possibly increasing the incidence of data breaches for informational gain only. 

(Included as first paragraph of main article)
Machine Learning: Current Uses in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Chow Nelson , Krongold Mark
Published: March 2019

In the era of Big Data, finding patterns amidst large and/or complex datasets is a significant problem, particularly in medicine, such as in neuroscience and neuroimaging. Machine learning techniques are powerful tools with the ability to develop pattern recognition that, once trained, can be utilized to analyze large datasets in research as well as in clinical settings. Temporal lobe epilepsy is a very prominent neuroimaging research subject in which machine learning has been utilized, demonstrating some of its applications in automated labeling of diagnostic imaging, feature classification and feature extraction.
Political ability and strategies of integrative and distributive negotiation as influential factors in entrepreneurial self-efficacy in Mexico
Authors:   Departamento de Estudios Multidisciplinarios, Sede Yuriria. División de Ingenierías, Campus Irapuato – Salamanca. Av. Universidad s/n. Col. Yacatitas, CP. 38940. Yuriria, Gto. (México). lopezja@ugto.mx, López-Lemus Jorge Armando
Published: March 2019

Purpose: The objective of this paper is to identify the influence of political skills and strategies of integrative and distributive negotiation on self-efficacy, responsible for determining activities, motivation, effort, as well as persistence in the difficulties that are presented to young entrepreneurs in Mexico. Design and Methodology: This study was developed in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico; where it was possible to obtain a sample of 432 young entrepreneurs. A hypothetical structural equation model (SEM) was developed through the statistical software Mplus v.7.0, as well as statistical analyzes were performed through the software STATA v.12. As for the goodness and fit indices of the SEM model (x2 = 242.24 gl = 85, CFI = 0.958 and TLI = 0.949, RMSEA = .06, SRMR = 0.05) were absolutely acceptable (Jöreskog y Sörbom, 1981; Rigdon, 1996; Muthén y Muthén, 2010). Results: According to the results obtained, it is statistically shown that political skills influence in a positive and significant way the entrepreneurial self-efficacy and the integrative negotiation strategy. Likewise, the distributive negotiation does not influence significantly, because this type of strategy only It benefits from a part in the negotiation and not in an equitable way like the distributive strategy. On the other hand, there is a positive and significant mediating effect of the integrative negotiation strategy between political skills and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Likewise, there is no significant mediating effect of the distributive negotiation strategy between political skills and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Originality / Value: This study is one of the few that analyzes the relationship between political ability, negotiation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Especially in the Mexican context.
O Discurso Direto e os Marcadores Conversacionais em Ambientes Forenses
Authors: Burgo Vanessa Hagemeyer , Araujo Claudia Poliana De Escobar de
Published: March 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o uso do discurso direto e dos marcadores conversacionais em ambientes forenses e suas funções interacionais nesse tipo de contexto. O aporte teórico desta pesquisa está fundamentado nos princípios da Análise da Conversação em relação de interface com a Linguística Forense, e o corpus é formado de excertos de quatro audiências judiciais públicas, transcritas conforme Preti (2003). Os resultados mostram que o discurso direto constitui uma estratégia eficaz para atribuir um efeito de realidade, objetividade e veracidade nas informações fornecidas pelos falantes. Os marcadores conversacionais são elementos multifuncionais, pois contribuem para a organização e estruturação do texto falado, além de possuírem as funções de resumidores, de busca de aprovação discursiva, de planejamento verbal e de atenuadores.
Analysis of cassava growth at different harvest times and planting densities
Authors: Oliveira Eli Carlos de , Almeida Luiz Henrique Campos de , Zucareli Claudemir , Valle Teresa Losada , Souza José Roberto Pinto de , Miglioranza Édison
Published: March 2019

Vegetative canopy architecture, and plant population density, has a direct influence on the growth and production of crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of four cassava cultivars of contrasting canopies, in four population densities, during two vegetative cycles. A randomized complete block design was used in a subdivided plot scheme, with two replications, with the population densities in the plots and harvesting times in the subplots. ‘Branca de Santa Catarina’ (BSC), ‘IAC 13’, ‘IAC 14-18’ and ‘Fibra’ were collected every four months, beginning at 120 and ending at 720 days after planting (DAP). Primary data on dry matter and leaf area were calculated. The total dry mass (Wt), leaf area ratio (La), leaf area index (L), relative growth rate (Rw), and net assimilation rate (Ea) were calculated based on the primary data. All cultivars accumulated more total dry mass (Wt) at lower planting densities. The plants reached a higher leaf area ratio (La) 120 days after planting. In the second vegetative cycle, the four cultivars, independently of the population, presented a reduction of assimilate translocation to the leaves. Relative growth rate (Rw) of the cultivars varied strongly with the plant population only in the second cycle. ‘IAC 14-18’ showed greater dependence on spacing, and ‘Fibra’ less dependence. Growth (Rw) and assimilatory (Ea) rates decreased at the end of the first cycle, then increased slowly until the end of the second cycle of vegetation.
Structural plasticity and isolation of umbilical cord progenitor cells of agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) raised in captivity
Authors: Carvalho Maria Acelina Martins de , Argôlo-Neto Napoleão Martins , Silva Elís Rosélia Dutra de Freitas Siqueira , Leite Yulla Klinger de Carvalho , Pessoa Gerson Tavares , Bezerra Dayseanny De Oliveira , Ferraz Maíra Soares , Conde Júnior Airton Mendes , Rocha Andressa Rêgo da
Published: March 2019

The agouti has been used as an experimental model in several studies focused on reproductive biology. The umbilical cord, an embryonic attachment that connects the foetus to the placenta, has been reported as an important anatomical site for obtaining stem cells. The objective of this study was to describe macro- and microscopically the umbilical cord of agoutis at different stages of gestation, to expand and cultivate in vitro the progenitor cells and to report their morphological characteristics. Seven cutias were submitted to caesarean section to collect the umbilical cords: five were destined for studies of cord structure in different stages of gestation (30, 35, 50, 75 and 100 days postcoital), and two were collected in the third stage of gestation for isolation and cell culture. The umbilical cord of cutias assumes a spiral arrangement, with veins and arteries on it starting 50 days after coitus. The arteries present an outer layer of smooth muscle fibres in a longitudinal and circular arrangement and a medium layer of smooth muscle fibres with only longitudinal and intimate orientation and coated by the endothelium. The veins consist of longitudinal smooth muscle fibres with an extract of smooth muscle cells, and the endothelium, in all analysed gestational phases, is a structure bounded by simple pavement epithelial tissue originating from the amnion, adhered to Wharton's Jelly and forming the umbilical vessels and allantoid duct. The proposed protocol allowed the collection of a high cellular concentration of umbilical cord progenitor cells from viable cutias.
Morphogenic and structural characteristics of tropical forage grasses managed under different regrowth periods in the Brazilian semi-arid region
Authors: Pereira Genildo Fonseca , Emerenciano Neto João Virgínio , Difante Gelson Dos Santos , Assis Liz Carolina da Silva Lagos Cortes , Lima Patrícia De Oliveira
Published: March 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of tropical grasses managed under different regrowth periods. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Institute of Science and Technology Education of Rio Grande do Norte, located in the municipality of Apodi-RN, Brazil. The study design was in randomized blocks and the treatments were allocated in a 3x4 factorial arrangement, with three cultivars (Andropogon, Buffel and Massai) in four regrowth periods (21, 35, 49 and 63 days). The interaction between cultivar and age was significant for all studied variables, with the exception of leaf blade width and accumulation rate. The highest leaf appearance rates were observed in Buffel grass, regardless of the regrowth age. This characteristic was not influenced by age only in Andropogon grass. Higher stem elongation rates were observed in Buffel grass, while the lowest were observed in Massai grass until 35 days of regrowth, attributed to the presence of inflorescences. Canopy heights in Massai and Andropogon grass were greater than Buffel grass until 35 days of regrowth, Andropogon grass had higher height from 35 days of regrowth than the others. Andropogon grass showed higher rates of accumulation than Massai grass only at 21 days of regrowth, and no effects of regrowth age were observed for this variable. Buffel grass should be defoliated at 21 days, while Andropogon and Massai grass can be managed without losses between 21 and 63 days of regrowth.
Quality of cheese produced with milk from cows fed forage palm with different forages
Authors: Soares Camila , Rocha Júnior Vicente Ribeiro , Caldeira Luciana Albuquerque , Borges Lucas Daniel Alcântara , Ruas José Reinaldo Mendes , Ramos Joyce Cipriana Pacheco , Santos Wilton Felipe Siqueira , Silva Guilherme Henrique , Rabelo Walber De Oliveira
Published: March 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of forage palm combined with different forages in the diet of F1 Holstein x Zebu cows, on the quality of Minas Frescal cheese. Two simultaneous 4 x 4 Latin squares were used in the experimental design. The treatments consisted of sorghum silage as the sole forage source; replacement of 50% sorghum silage by forage palm; elephant grass as the only forage source; 50% replacement of elephant grass by forage palm. Milk samples from each cow were analyzed for the chemical composition and the milk was pasteurized for cheese production. The gross and adjusted yields, texture, chemical and sensorial characteristics and fatty acid profile were evaluated. The chemical composition of the cheese was not influenced by the diets, as well as the sum of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, a lower stearic acid content was found in cheese from the milk of cows fed grass with forage palm and a lower value of conjugated linoleic acid for the diet with silage alone. In the consumer preference ranking test, the most preferred cheese was that of the sorghum silage diet and the least preferred was that of the sorghum silage/forage palm diet. In the overall impression, higher scores were assigned to cheeses of the treatments with exclusive silage or elephant grass. The replacement of 50% sorghum silage or elephant grass by the forage palm did not change the chemical composition of the Minas Frescal cheese, however, it modified the profile of fatty acids and decreased the acceptance and preference of cheese by the consumers.
Applicability of management tools to the correction of weaknesses in family dairy farms in the Western Amazon
Authors: Reis Eduardo Mitke Brandão , Lopes Marcos Aurélio , Demeu Fabiana Alves , Bruhn Fábio Raphael Pascotti , Lima André Luis Ribeiro , Benedicto Gideon Carvalho , Pelegrini Djalma Ferreira
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to analyse the applicability of management tools associated with technical assistance to family dairy farms with the aim of identifying and correcting weaknesses. A total of 100 dairy farms located in the mesoregion of the Acre Valley, in the Western Amazon, were analysed from March 2016 to March 2017. The data used were collected via a semi-structured form containing 549 questions, through on-site observation and from the owners during the diagnosis. To define the weaknesses, a multidisciplinary team used the brainstorming management tool. The main weaknesses obtained using the GUT Matrix, in descending order, were: a lack of drinking fountains, no vaccination of all heifers against brucellosis, low body condition of cows at calving, and a calving interval longer than 12 months. Based on the ranking of the weaknesses, the research team defined the management tools to be used to correct or at least mitigate the weaknesses: PDCA, 5W2H, and/or a fishbone diagram. Among the 20 most graded weaknesses, the management tools used by the extensionist technician obtained significant results in solving the problems. It was concluded that it is possible to adapt and apply the management tools used in other activities to dairy farming and that they can be used continuously for management or specifically to establish a plan or project.
Metabolizable energy levels in diets with high lysine for growing and finishing pigs
Authors: Ferreira Soraia Viana , Barbosa Lívia Maria dos Reis , Marcolla Camila Schultz , Soares Marcos Henrique , Valente Júnior Dante Teixeira , Rodrigues Gustavo Amorim , Saraiva Alysson
Published: March 2019

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of metabolizable energy (ME) levels in diets with high digestible lysine concentration on performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of barrows from 95 to 158 days of age. Eighty commercial hybrid barrows (50 ± 1.82 kg) selected for lean meat deposition, were assigned to four dietary treatments (3,150, 3,235, 3,320, and 3,400 kcal EM kg-1) in a randomized design with 10 replicate pens per treatment and two pigs per pen. From 95 to 116 days of age, we observed no effects of ME on final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), metabolizable energy intake (MEI), and feed conversion (F: G). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased linearly with increasing ME levels (? = 5.79961 - 0.00096790X - r2 = 0.89). From 95 to 137 days of age, no effects of ME were observed on final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), metabolizable energy intake (MEI), and feed conversion (F: G). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased linearly with increasing ME (?= 6.1176 - 0.001X - r2= 0.97). From 95 to 158 days, of age no effects of ME were observed on FBW and ADG. Dietary ME influenced the ADFI and F: G, which decreased linearly with increasing ME concentrations (?= 8.12951 - 0.00149X - r2= 0.99; ?= 6.0914 - 0.001X - r² = 0.75, respectively). There was a linear increase in loin eye area (LEA) with increasing ME (? = - 29.851 + 0.0207 X - r² = 0.87). Backfat thickness, pH, and temperature, measured at different times after slaughter (0 min, 45 min, 3 h, and 24 h), were not affected by dietary ME. The level of ME also did not affect the meat quality parameters Color L*, Color a*, Color b*, Warner-Bratzler shear force, thaw water losses, cooking water losses, sum of water losses, intramuscular fat content, and TBARS. Diets with 3,400 kcal kg-1 ME, corresponding to 2.75, 2.57, and 2.31 g digestible lysine/Mcal of ME for pigs from 95 to 116, 116 to 137, and 95 to 158 days of age, respectively, resulted in best performance and carcass traits, without negative effects on meat quality.
Spray-dried egg in the diet of dogs: implications for recovery nutritional, palatability and haematology
Authors: Andrade Talita , Lima Daniele Cristina , Komarcheuski Alina Stadnik , Félix Ananda Portella , Oliveira Simone Gisele de , Maiorka Alex
Published: March 2019

There is a growing demand for alternative protein sources in dog nutrition due to the high cost of the ingredient. Spray-dried egg (SDE) is a potential protein source in this context. The objective of this study was to evaluate the digestibility, palatability, and blood profile of diets containing different amounts of spray-dried egg (SDE) and the blood parameters of dogs fed these diets. For the study of digestibility and faecal quality (Experiment 1), eight Beagles were distributed in a double Latin square design (4X4), with four treatments (0, 4, 8, and 12% SDE) and four periods, totalling eight repetitions per treatment. In experiment 2, to evaluate palatability, 20 dogs were presented with two diets: 0% SDE vs 4% SDE. To evaluate the haematological factors (Experiment 3), eight dogs were maintained in a single group and were initially fed a control diet (0%SDE) for 10 days, followed by a diet containing 12% SDE for 10 days. In Experiment 1, a linear increase was found in the coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) and in the metabolisable energy (ME) as the level of SDE was increased in the diet. The CTTAD of DM and CP in SDE and the ME obtained by regression analysis were 93.6%, 91.3%, and 5738.9 kcal kg-1, respectively, demonstrating that SDE is a highly digestible protein source for dogs. There were no changes in the stool characteristics of dogs fed SDE. The results of Experiment 2 indicate that the dogs preferred the diet that included 4% SDE. In the haematological study (Experiment 3), increases in albumin, red blood cells, haemoglobin, and total circulating protein were observed, with no change in the other histological variables. The inclusion of SDE improved the digestibility and palatability of the diet and increased the albumin content, red blood cell count, haemoglobin level, and total protein level without changing the faecal characteristics.
Prevalence of bovine brucellosis, paratuberculosis, enzootic leucosis, and antigen-reactive agents to bovine viral diarrhea virus in animals up to one year old
Authors: Carrillo Hernando Andres Munoz , Silveira Sarah Regina Bezerra , Miranda Augusto Sousa , Rodrigues Érika Dayane Leal , Salvarani Felipe Masiero
Published: March 2019

Live cattle export is one of the newest commercial sectors available to Brazilian farmers, but to be exported animals must be free of infectious diseases, especially those prohibited by the countries importing them. In this study, 1,800 bovine sera were collected from animals destined for export in the Brazilian states of Goiás (GO), Minas Gerais (MG), and São Paulo (SP). The sera were tested for bovine brucellosis (BB), paratuberculosis (PTB), enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), and bovine viral diarrhea (BVD). This was the first study in Brazil to conduct a serological survey for bovine PTB in the states of SP, GO, and MG, and the first survey for BVD in GO. The total percentage of animals positive for each disease was 0.33% (2/1,800) for BB, 16.17% (97/1,800) for PTB, 31.50% (189/1,800) for EBL, and 9.67% (58/1,800) for BVD.
Effects of calcium and magnesium silicate on the absorption of silicon and nutrients in wheat
Authors: Sarto Marcos Vinicius Mansano , Lana Maria Do Carmo , Rampim Leandro , Rosset Jean Sérgio , Sarto Jaqueline Rocha Wobeto , Bassegio Doglas
Published: March 2019

Wheat is a plant that accumulates silicon (Si). The application of silicon to the soil may influence the absorption of nutrients by the plant and, therefore, its nutritional balance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of calcium and magnesium silicate (CaSiO3/MgSiO3) on the ability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to utilize silicon and absorb nutrients from soils collected in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using 8-L plastic pots and three types of soil. Treatments were arranged in randomized blocks (3 × 5 factorial design): three soils [Rhodic Acrudox (Ox1), Rhodic Hapludox (Ox2), and Arenic Hapludult (Ult)], five silicate rates (0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 t ha–1 of calcium/magnesium silicate), and four replications were performed. The effects of calcium and magnesium silicate on the concentrations of Si, N, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, S, Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, and Mn2+ within leaves were evaluated. Silicon concentrations in wheat leaves and stems increased with increasing rates of calcium and magnesium silicate applied to the soil. Wheat shoots accumulated averages of 28.2% (Ox1), 60.61% (Ult), and 74.14% (Ox2) of the Si from the silicate applied to the soil. Silicate fertilization increased the amount of Ca+2 and Mg+2 within leaves and reduced the amount of Zn2+ and Mn2+ within leaves. Calcium and magnesium silicate prevented excessive amounts of Mn2+ from being absorbed by wheat, improving the balance in the absorption of this nutrient.
Emissions of an agricultural engine using blends of diesel and hydrous ethanol
Authors: Farias Marcelo Silveira de , Schlosser José Fernando , Estrada Javier Solis , Perin Gismael Francisco , Martini Alfran Tellechea
Published: March 2019

The growing global demand of energy, the decrease of petroleum reserves and the current of environmental contamination problems, make it imperative to study renewable energy sources for use in internal combustion engines, in order to decrease the dependence on fossil fuels and reduce emissions of pollutant gases. This study aimed to evaluate the emissions of a diesel-cycle engine of an agricultural tractor that uses diesel S500 (B5) mixed with 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15% of hydrous ethanol. It determined emissions of CO2 (ppm), NOx (ppm), and opacity (k value) of gases. A standard procedure was applied considering eight operating modes (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, and M8) by breaking with an electric dynamometer in a laboratory. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 60 replicates and a 6 x 8 factorial design. Greater opacity and gas emissions were observed when the engine operated with 3% ethanol, while lower emissions occurred with 12 and 15%. With these fuels, the reduction of opacity, CO2, and NOx, in relation to diesel oil, was 24.49 and 26.53%, 4.96 and 5.15%, and 6.59 and 9.70%, respectively. In conclusion, the addition of 12 and 15% ethanol in diesel oil significantly reduces engine emissions.
Net Working Capital and the Profitability: Empirical Evidence form Amman Stock Exchange
Authors: Fattah Al-Slehat Zaher Abdel , Al-Sharif Bader Mustafa
Published: March 2019

The current study investigates empirically the relationship between the net working capital and the profitability of the industrial companies for the period of 9 years from 2009-2017.

To fulfill this aim, the researcher used the analytical descriptive method on a sample consisted of 26 industrial companies listed in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). The empirical result shows that net operating income and return on asset have positive relationship with net working capital. However, there is no relationship between net working capital and profit margin. The study recommends that to more attention for investing the net working capital by determining investment opportunities that reflect positively on profitability. Additionally, managers should raise the awareness of their employees regarding the importance of internal and external investment to increase the market share.
THE ROLE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN OVERSEAS MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHETIC COLLABORATION
Authors: Elbashti Mahmoud Ellarousi , Aswehlee Amel Mohamed , Zaggut Abdulhakim , Hattori Mariko , Sumita Yuka , Taniguchi Hisashi
Published: March 2019

Digital technologies have a great role in revolutionized prosthodontics in general, and more specifically in maxillofacial prosthetics. Digitized prosthetic rehabilitation modalities are becoming an essential approach for the maxillofacial prosthetic field. This article reviews the role of digital technology in overseas maxillofacial prosthetic collaboration and introduces a model of prospective collaboration in the field of maxillofacial prosthetics using digital technology. Various intraoral and extraoral maxillofacial prostheses were briefly reviewed. Numerous digital technologies in prosthetics were also concisely reviewed in perspective of digitization and visualization, modeling and designing, and fabrication. Internet-based audiovisual synchronous and asynchronous technologies were also reviewed. In addition, a model of future collaboration in the field of maxillofacial prosthetics using digital technology was introduced.
Francisco Xavier de Olóriz, el último capellán mayor del Palacio Real de Valencia
Authors: Estela Emilio Callado
Published: March 2019

El ex jesuita Francisco Xavier de Olóriz (Valencia, 1730 – † Valencia, 1814) era conocido hasta ahora por su condición de crítico prudente. Como tal se mostró consciente del atraso cultural de España durante el siglo xviii y la necesidad de aplicarle remedio, aun receloso de los ilustrados que podían atentar contra los valores tradicionales del país. En este sentido debe entenderse su viaje por la Europa coetánea, así como los proyectos editoriales al mismo vinculados. Pero la biografía de este clérigo estaba incompleta. Porque, si algo marcó su vida, fue la Capilla Mayor del Palacio Real de Valencia. Como último rector de esta institución, se opuso a su ocaso en defensa de unos derechos para entonces cuestionados por todos, desde el arzobispo del lugar hasta la Real Cámara y el Patriarca de Indias, pasando por el propio alcaide palatino.
Pomara, Bruno. Rifugiati, I moriscos e l'Italia (Florencia, 2017).
Authors: Franco Llopis Borja
Published: March 2019

Reseña de Pomara, Bruno. Rifugiati, I moriscos e l'Italia (Florencia, 2017).
Policy versus Philanthropy: Between Public and Private Funding of the Arts
Authors: Lewandowska Kamila
Published: March 2019

The aim of this paper is to analyse the relations between arts and business in the
international context. It centres on two topics: firstly, the impact of the public arts funding
systems on private support and, secondly, the current transitions in the relationship
between arts and business that lead to the development of new forms of cooperation. The
first part of the article compares systems of arts funding in different countries, mostly in
Europe and the USA. The second part focuses on the definition of ‘partnership’, that is, the
new paradigm in arts and business relations and describes its manifestations in real life.