bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observation d'un cas de pneumonie associé à Balantidium coli chez la chèvre
Authors: Parodi André-Laurent , Samaille J.-P. , Guéraud Jean-Marie , Fiocre B.
Published: February 2018

A case report of a Balantidium coli associated pneumonia in goat.

The histological examination of the lung of a Goat, with macroscopic lesions of intersticial pneumonia, allows us to observe an associated parasitic infestations, both by Dictyocaulus filariat larvae and by a protozoa which was identified as Balantidium coli. The route of infestation of the respiratory tract and the eventual pathogenicity of Balantidium coli, were discussed.
Anabolisants et bovins de boucherie. Interrelation de divers facteurs avec des résultats
Authors: Willemart Jean-Pierre , Bouffault Jean-Claude
Published: February 2018

Anabolics and meat cattle relationship between some factors and performances.

In this short memorandum the authors examine some problems and set ideas concerning some aspect of the environment of anabolic treatments. This is done considering the results given by their own trials recently performed.
Diarrhée à Campylobacter jejuni chez le cheval. Premiers cas en France
Authors: Vaissaire Josée , Pitre J. , Régnier G. , Lemonnier Jean-Paul , Plateau E. , Guillou J.-P. , Voisin G. , Letot G.
Published: February 2018

Les auteurs décrivent deux cas de diarrhée à Campylobacter jejuni dans l'espèce équine en France, ayant atteint des poulains ou des adultes. L'affection a été sévère puisque 2 chevaux sont morts sur 6 animaux atteints, un en début d’affection, l'autre quelques semaines après en faisant une récidive. D'autres cas ont été diagnostiqués. Cette gastro-entérite aiguë s’accompagne de symptômes d’allure grippale. Son diagnostic est relativement facile si les excréments diarrhéiques sont traités très rapidement au laboratoire : examen direct, après ou non coloration, au microscope ; mise en culture sur milieu sélectif, dans les 24 h en général après leur émission.
Identification des antigènes d’attachements K 99 et 987 P d'Escherichia coli chez le porc en France
Authors: Renault Lucien , Le Bourhis Elizabeth
Published: February 2018

Les auteurs font état de l’identification en France des antigènes d’attachement K 99 et 987 P, à partir de souches d’Escherichia coli responsables de diarrhée du porcelet nouveau-né. Ils discutent à ce propos des difficultés du diagnostic, des enquêtes épidémiologiques et de l’intérêt de l'incorporation de ces nouvelles valences dans les vaccins.
Une nouvelle famille d'insecticides : les pyréthrinoïdes de synthèse
Authors: Richou-Bac Lucien , Venant Annick
Published: February 2018

Les auteurs présentent les structures et les propriétés physicochimiques des principaux pyréthrinoïdes de synthèse : la bioallethrine, la perméthrine, la cyperméthrine, le fenvalerate, la deltaméthrine et la fenpropathrine. Il est ensuite procédé à l’examen des applications phytosanitaires et vétérinaires et des problèmes de toxicité qui peuvent en découler chez l'homme en tant que consommateur et dans l'environnement.
Charles Vial de Saint-Bel. Père de la médecine vétérinaire en Angleterre et fondateur du Collège Vétérinaire de Londres (1792)
Authors: Wailly Philippe de
Published: February 2018

VIAL DE SAINT-BEL (CH.) XVIIIe CENTURY, ENGLAND

Charles Vial de Saint-Bel father of the English Veterinary Pro¬ fession and Founder of the Veterinary College of London.

Bora in France at Lyon on January 28, 1753, Charles Vial de Saint-Bel graduated from the Veterinary School of Lyon at 19, later appointed Professor at the School of Alfort. Because of the hostility of Bourgelat, he soon left Alfort, He becomes, in 1774 professor of Surgery at Montpellier, a position held untill 1778.

In 1778, he left France for England and there married an English Lady. In 1789, he etablished himself Permanently in London.

He met an American, Granville Penn, Grandson of Villiam Penn founder of Pennsylvania, an active member of Odiham Agricultural Society who helped Saint-Bel to present his «Plan» for establishing a Veterinary School in London.

On February 18, 1791, the Veterinary School of London was created and it was staded on the same day that Charles Vial de Saint-Bel was requested to accept the Profesorship to the Said Vete¬ rinary College.

On August 22, 1793, after 15 days of fever and faintings, Saint-Bei died at the age of 40 years.

His body was enterred in the vault of the Savon Chapel in the Strand. On may 8, 1844, his School joined with «Dick Veterinary College of Edimburg». Itself based on the Vial de Saint-Bel Educa tion System formed. The Royal College of Veterinary surgeons whicl exits to day.

Lineal descendent of the first Veterinary School in the worl< with was founded in 1763 at Lyon, the Veterinary College of Londoi is the ancestor of the Royal College of Veterinary surgeons of Londoi The Dick College of Edimburgh was the progenitor of the Ontari Veterinary College founded by Smith and Fergusson graduated c Edimburgh, of the French Veterinary School of Montreal founde by Mac Eachron and Daubigny and of the Cornell University in Ithac created by Law. Thus, the Frenchman Vial de Saint-Bel played a fundamental roe in the History of Veterinary education in North America.
Localisations parenchymateuses erratiques d’acariens parasites et d'acariens détriticoles
Authors: Guilhon Jean , Saunié Lucien
Published: February 2018

Erratic paremchymatous localizations of parasitie acaridae and detriticolous acaridae

Some parasitis and detriticolous acaridae can sometimes leave their habitat to invade acarious parenchymae.
Epidémiologie de la fièvre Q bovine en France
Authors: Limouzin Claude , Baccot P. , Durand Maurice P.
Published: February 2018

Cette étude a porté sur le mode de contagion probable du bovin en France.

Nous avons recherché et n'avons pas réussi à mettre en évidence Coxiella Bumetti sur 80 tiques hématophages, prélevées sur 3 bovins ayant présenté 1 à 2 mois auparavant un avortement F.Q. indiscutable (Stamp et séropositifs).

La contagion inter-animale reste la voie la plus probable. Celle-ci peut être affirmée lorsque l’on étudie la place des bovins infectés dans des étables positives dans lesquelles les bovins sont maintenus à l'attache.

En stabulation libre, où les contacts entre animaux sont permanents, il n’a pas été possible de mettre en évidence une plus grande diffusibilité du germe.

Ces observations plaident non pas en faveur d’une contamination par un vecteur acarien, mais plutôt en faveur d’une contamination inter-animale. De plus, les positivités observées montrent une contagiosité relativement limitée de l'agent.
Détermination par histoenzymologie et analyse d'image des différents types de fibres musculaires, dans le triceps brachial des jeunes bovins normaux et à coupe sombre
Authors: Colin M. , Roche-Fondeur S. , Mouthon Gilbert
Published: February 2018

Determination using histoenzymology and image analysis of the different types of muscle fibers in triceps brachii of normal and «dark cutting» baby beef.

Samples of baby beef muscle (triceps brachiï) have been treated by histoenzymology and image analysis.

It has been shown that when the P H of the carcass remains at a high level after slaughtering, muscular fibers, especially IIA fibers are affected by a heavy lack of glycogen.

Repartition of types of fibers IIA and IIB, as well as the ratio IIA / IIB could be a key to evaluate the alteration «Dark Cutting» (viande à coupe sombre).

This could be done before slaughtering through treatment of biopsy samples.
Aryténoïdectomie du cheval. Indications chirurgicales. Pronostic
Authors: Marcoux M. , Léveillé R.
Published: February 2018

L'inflammation chronique des cartilages aryténoïdiens du cheval est une pathologie qui peut ressembler à l'hémiplégie laryngée (cornage) du cheval. Le seul traitement chirurgical qui donne des résultats valables consiste à exciser partiellement ou totalement le cartilage aryténoïde. Le pronostic est réservé mais on peut espérer un succès total dans certains cas.
Multiplication des Salmonella dans la viande hachée. Etude de deux souches supplémentaires (S. enteritidis et S. senftenberg)
Authors: Catsaras Marc , Grébot D.
Published: February 2018

Multiplication of Salmonellae in minced meat study of two additional strains : S. enteritidis and S. senftenberg.

Two strains of Salmonellae (S. enteritidis and S. senftenberg) were experimentally inoculated in selected samples of bovine frozen minced meat. The parameters utilized were : 4 combinations of ordinary flora and Salmonellae x 4 different temperatures of storage (+ 25° C, + 10° C, + 6° C, 0 - + 2° C) x 2 strains = 32 lots. The results obtained were discussed as follows :

1. Growth of bacteria, composition of flora and respective percentages.

2. Count of Salmonellae : classical bacteriological technic, immuno-fluorescent technic.

3. Search of Salmonellae in 10 g, 1 g and 0.1 g.
HDlive Flow Silhouette Mode for the Diagnosis of Uterine Sarcoma
Authors: Ito Megumi
Published: February 2018

We present our initial experience of using the HDlive Flow silhouette mode to construct an image of uterine sarcoma. Two-dimensional sonography showed a heterogeneous uterine mass with central, irregular cystic areas. The HD-flow demonstrated only peripheral vascularities around the mass. However, the HDlive Flow silhouette mode with HDlive silhouette mode clearly depicted abnormal penetrating vessels from peripheral vessels in the mass. The HDlive Flow silhouette mode provides a novel, unique sonographic appearance of uterine sarcoma, and may facilitate its diagnosis and localization of abnormal blood vessels in the mass.

How to cite this article

Hata T, Kanenishi K, Tanaka T, Ito M, Mori N. HDlive Flow Silhouette Mode for the Diagnosis of Uterine Sarcoma. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):259-260.
Abnormalities of the Corpus Callosum
Authors: Merz Eberhard , Pashaj Sonila
Published: February 2018

Presence or absence of the fetal corpus callosum plays an important role in prenatal counselling. With the recent development of 3D ultrasound technology, it is not only possible to demonstrate the corpus callosum precisely in the median plane but also to perform measurements of its different anatomical parts. This permits the diagnosis of hypoplasia and hyperplasia of the corpus callosum. Three-dimensional ultrasound enables even the unexperienced sonographer to take volumes of the fetal brain. Showing these volumes to experts in the field of neurosonography, corpus callosum pathologies can be detected via virtual examinations. Regarding all corpus callosum anomalies, hypo- and hyperplasia are the less reported corpus callosum abnormalities in the literature. Further investigations are necessary to predict the outcome of fetuses with corpus callosum pathologies.

How to cite this article

Pashaj S, Merz E. Abnormalities of the Corpus Callosum. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):288-293.
Supratentorial Cysts: Prenatal Diagnosis and Outcome
Authors: D’Addario Vincenzo , Capuano Pasquale , Cialdella Mariangela
Published: February 2018

Fetal intracranial supratentorial cysts may develop in the cerebral parenchyma or in the ventricles. They can have different sizes, positions, and relationships with other intracranial structures. Three different groups of cysts may be described: Intraparenchymal, intraventricular, and extra-axial. This review describes the prenatal sonographic findings of the fetal supratentorial cysts, their association with central nervous system (CNS) and extra-CNS anomalies, their clinical significance, and their outcome.

How to cite this article

Cialdella M, Capuano P, D’Addario V. Supratentorial Cysts: Prenatal Diagnosis and Outcome. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):302-307.
Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Fetal Brain Anomalies
Authors: Resta Mariachiara , Dicuonzo Franca , Resta Maurizio
Published: February 2018

Prenatal Ultrasonagraphy (US) is the mainstay modality to diagnose fetal abnormalities especially in early pregnancy. Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a useful tool to confirm and to characterize a pathology that is suspected on US, especially in the detection of central nervous system pathologies. The use of ultrafast imaging tecniques gives additional importantant informations and optimal imaging quality, despite fetal motion, in clinical practice.

Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI), Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), MR Spetroscopy and Functional studies have potential applications in the fetal brain imaging. Fetal MRI could recognize, in contradistinction to US, the development of fetal brain, the multilayered appearance of the cerebral parenchyma, the timing of sulci development and the myelination.

The most common indications for fetal MRI are ventriculomegaly, midline anomalies, malformations of cerebral cortical development, posterior fossa anomalies, suspected haemorraghic-ischemic lesions, tumors.

Fetal MRI is a safe and powerful complement to US for clinical management and prognostication.

How to cite this article

Resta M, Dicuonzo F, Resta M. Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Fetal Brain Anomalies. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):328-340.
Transesophageal Echocardiographic Diagnosis and Imaging of Cardiac Situs and Malposition
Authors: Puri Goverdhan D , Ganesh Kumar M , Ganesan Rajarajan
Published: February 2018

Dextrocardia (DC) is a rare cardiac anomaly that can be associated with other congenital abnormalities. Transesophageal echocardiographic imaging for evaluating these patients requires modification of the omniplane angle from the standard angles used. We describe the imaging technique in this condition when it is associated with situs solitus (SS) and situs inversus.

How to cite this article

Kumar MG, Ganesan R, Puri GD. Transesophageal Echocardiographic Diagnosis and Imaging of Cardiac Situs and Malposition. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2017;5(2):64-69.
Tropical continental downdraft characteristics: mesoscale systems versus unorganized convection
Authors: Schiro Kathleen A. , Neelin J. David
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Downdrafts and cold pool characteristics for strong mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and isolated, unorganized deep precipitating convection are analyzed using multi-instrument data from the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) GoAmazon2014/5 campaign. Increases in column water vapor (CWV) are observed leading convection, with higher CWV preceding MCSs than for isolated cells. For both MCSs and isolated cells, increases in wind speed, decreases in surface moisture and temperature, and increases in relative humidity occur coincidentally with system passages. Composites of vertical velocity data and radar reflectivity from a radar wind profiler show that the downdrafts associated with the sharpest decreases in surface equivalent potential temperature (θe) have a probability of occurrence that increases with decreasing height below the freezing level. Both MCSs and unorganized convection show similar mean downdraft magnitudes and probabilities with height. Mixing computations suggest that, on average, air originating at heights greater than 3 km must undergo substantial mixing, particularly in the case of isolated cells, to match the observed cold pool θe, implying a low typical origin level. Precipitation conditionally averaged on decreases in surface equivalent potential temperature (Δθe) exhibits a strong relationship because the most negative Δθe values are associated with a high probability of precipitation. The more physically motivated conditional average of Δθe on precipitation shows that decreases in θe level off with increasing precipitation rate, bounded by the maximum difference between surface θe and its minimum in the profile aloft. Robustness of these statistics observed across scales and regions suggests their potential use as model diagnostic tools for the improvement of downdraft parameterizations in climate models.
Inverse modelling of CF4 and NF3 emissions in East Asia
Authors: Arnold Tim , Manning Alistair , Kim Jooil , Li Shanlan , Webster Helen , Thomson David , Mühle Jens , Weiss Ray F. , Park Sunyoung , O'Doherty Simon
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Well mixed abundances and decadal trends of carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) have been well characterised and have provided a time series of global total emissions. Information on locations of emissions contributing to the global total, however, is currently poor. We use a unique set of measurements between 2008 and 2015 from the Gosan station, Jeju Island, South Korea (part of the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment network), together with an atmospheric transport model to make spatially disaggregated emission estimates of these gases in East Asia. Owing to the poor availability of good prior information for this study our results are strongly constrained by the atmospheric measurements. Notably, we are able to highlight emissions hotspots of NF3 and CF4 in South Korea, owing to the measurement location. We calculate emissions of CF4 to be quite constant between years 2008 and 2015 for both China and South Korea with 2015 emissions calculated at 4.33 ± 2.65 Gg yr−1 and 0.36 ± 0.11 Gg yr−1, respectively. Emission estimates of NF3 from South Korea could be made with relatively small uncertainty at 0.6 ± 0.07 Gg yr−1 in 2015, which equates to ~ 1.6 % of the country's CO2 emissions. We also apply our method to calculate emissions of CHF3 (HFC-23) between 2008 and 2012, for which our results find good agreement with other studies and which helps support our choice in methodology for CF4 and NF3.
Mesoscale contribution to the long-range offshore transport of organic carbon from the Canary Upwelling System to the open North Atlantic
Authors: Lovecchio Elisa , Gruber Nicolas , Münnich Matthias
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Several studies in upwelling regions have suggested that mesoscale structures, such as eddies and filaments, contribute substantially to the long-range transport of the organic carbon from the nearshore region of production to the offshore region of remineralization. Yet this has not been demonstrated in a quantitative manner for the entire Canary Upwelling System (CanUS). Here, we fill this gap using the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) coupled to a Nutrient, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, and Detritus (NPZD) ecosystem model. We run climatological simulations on an Atlantic telescopic grid with an eddy-resolving resolution in the CanUS. Using both a Reynolds flux decomposition and structure-identification algorithms, we quantify and characterize the organic carbon fluxes driven by filaments and eddies within the upper 100 m and put them in relationship to the total offshore transport. Our analyses reveal that both coastal filaments and eddies enhance the offshore flux of organic carbon, but that their contribution is very different. Upwelling filaments, with their high speeds and high organic carbon concentrations, transport this carbon offshore in a very intense, but coastally-confined, manner, contributing nearly 80 % to the total flux at 100 km offshore distance. The filament contribution tapers off quickly to near zero values at 1000 km distance, leading to a strong offshore flux divergence that is the main lateral source of organic carbon in the first 500 km offshore. Some of this divergence is also due to the filaments inducing a substantial vertical subduction of the organic carbon below 100 m. Owing to the temporal persistence and spatial recurrence of filaments, the filament transport largely constitutes a time-mean flux and only to a limited degree represents a turbulent flux. At distances beyond 500 km from the coast, eddies dominate the mesoscale offshore transport. Although their contribution represents only 20 % of the total offshore flux and of its divergence, eddies, especially cyclones, transport organic carbon offshore to distances as great as 2000 km from the coast. The eddy transport largely represents a turbulent flux, but striations in this transport highlight the existence of typical formation spots and recurrent offshore propagation pathways. While they propagate slowly, eddies are an important organic carbon reservoir for the open waters, since they contain on average a third of the offshore organic carbon, two third of which is found in cyclones. Our analysis confirms the importance of mesoscale processes for the offshore organic carbon transport and the fueling of the heterotrophic activity in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic, and highlights the need to consider the mesoscale flux in order to fully account for the three-dimensionality of the marine biological pump.
Evaluation of statistical methods for quantifying fractal scaling in water-quality time series with irregular sampling
Authors: Zhang Qian , Harman Ciaran J. , Kirchner James W.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. River water-quality time series often exhibit fractal scaling, which here refers to autocorrelation that decays as a power law over some range of scales. Fractal scaling presents challenges to the identification of deterministic trends because (1) fractal scaling has the potential to lead to false inference about the statistical significance of trends and (2) the abundance of irregularly spaced data in water-quality monitoring networks complicates efforts to quantify fractal scaling. Traditional methods for estimating fractal scaling – in the form of spectral slope (β) or other equivalent scaling parameters (e.g., Hurst exponent) – are generally inapplicable to irregularly sampled data. Here we consider two types of estimation approaches for irregularly sampled data and evaluate their performance using synthetic time series. These time series were generated such that (1) they exhibit a wide range of prescribed fractal scaling behaviors, ranging from white noise (β  =  0) to Brown noise (β  =  2) and (2) their sampling gap intervals mimic the sampling irregularity (as quantified by both the skewness and mean of gap-interval lengths) in real water-quality data. The results suggest that none of the existing methods fully account for the effects of sampling irregularity on β estimation. First, the results illustrate the danger of using interpolation for gap filling when examining autocorrelation, as the interpolation methods consistently underestimate or overestimate β under a wide range of prescribed β values and gap distributions. Second, the widely used Lomb–Scargle spectral method also consistently underestimates β. A previously published modified form, using only the lowest 5 % of the frequencies for spectral slope estimation, has very poor precision, although the overall bias is small. Third, a recent wavelet-based method, coupled with an aliasing filter, generally has the smallest bias and root-mean-squared error among all methods for a wide range of prescribed β values and gap distributions. The aliasing method, however, does not itself account for sampling irregularity, and this introduces some bias in the result. Nonetheless, the wavelet method is recommended for estimating β in irregular time series until improved methods are developed. Finally, all methods' performances depend strongly on the sampling irregularity, highlighting that the accuracy and precision of each method are data specific. Accurately quantifying the strength of fractal scaling in irregular water-quality time series remains an unresolved challenge for the hydrologic community and for other disciplines that must grapple with irregular sampling.
Exceedance frequency of appearance of extreme internal waves in the World Ocean
Authors: Talipova Tatyana , Pelinovsky Efim , Kurkina Oxana , Giniyatullin Ayrat , Kurkin Andrey
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Statistical estimates of internal wave appearance in different regions of the World Ocean are discussed. It is found that the observed exceedance probability of large-amplitude internal waves in most cases can be described by the Poisson curve, which is one of the typical curves of extreme statistics. Detailed analysis is done for the internal waves in the several areas of the World Ocean: tropical part of the Atlantic Ocean, the North-West shelf of Australia, the Mediterranean Sea near the Egyptian Coast and the Yellow Sea.
Gender Wise Saudi Investors' Awareness of Corporate Governance Mechanism and Its Importance in Their Investment Decision Making – An Empirical Study
Authors: Al-Sager Rima , Samontaray Durga Prasad
Published: February 2018

This paper discusses the gender wise investors' awareness of corporate governance concepts and its importance in their investment decision process. It also answers the two questions "do investors depend on information related to corporate governance to make their investment decisions?" and "are the mechanisms of corporate governance important to them?" Books, studies, and research articles are used to enrich this paper. A survey is used as a tool to investigate the opinion of male and female investors, about corporate governance concepts and its importance on investors' decision making process. The survey shows that investors do not have a clear definition of corporate governance but they believe that it is important from companies' point of view. Also, most of investors do not always depend on information or factors that related to corporate governance as a base for their investment decisions. Mainly, Saudi investors care about board committees, disclosure and transparency as mechanisms of corporate governance.
A Learning Management System Enhanced with Internet of Things Applications
Authors: Mershad Khaleel , Wakim Pilar
Published: February 2018

A breakthrough in the development of online learning occurred with the utilization of Learning Management Systems (LMS) as a tool for creating, distributing, tracking, and managing various types of educational and training material. Since the appearance of the first LMS, major technological enhancements transformed this tool into a powerful application for managing curriculum, providing rich-content courseware, assessment and evaluation, and dynamic collaboration. With several current research fields targeting various technologies related to the LMS, the future promises many changes in its structure, operations, and implementation. The most important technology that is expected to transform many future aspects is the Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, we provide a framework for a future LMS enhanced by IoT capabilities. We outline several elements of the LMS that will be affected by IoT, and the expected enhancements and changes that IoT will bring to the LMS functionalities. The framework presented for the IoT-enhanced LMS constitutes the main component of a three year research project that is being conducted at the Arts, Sciences, and Technology University (AUL). In this paper, we illustrate the main parts of this project and the implementation plan of each part, including the prospected outcomes and benefits.
Una aproximación psicológica a la complejidad ambiental: Especificación de un modelo de estrés y resiliencia comunitaria
Authors: García Lirios Cruz , Juárez Nájera Margarita , Sandoval Vázquez Francisco Rubén , Bustos Aguayo José Marcos
Published: February 2018

Antecedentes. La complejidad ambiental observada en una localidad ha sido estudiada a través de un modelo isomórfico en el que se anticipa la emergencia de dos identidades: una entrópica y otra neguentrópica. En situaciones de riesgo, escasez e insalubridad, las comunidades se organizan para reducir los efectos de los desastres naturales sobre la salud comunitaria. Objetivo. Especificar un modelo para el estudio del estrés y la resiliencia comunitaria ante los eventos de riesgo ambiental y los desastres naturales. Método. Se llevó a cabo un estudio no experimental, transversal y exploratorio con una selección no probabilística de 600 afectados por las inundaciones de un rio en la zona del centro de México. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres con respecto a sus niveles de riesgo, estrés y resiliencia que sirvieron para especificar el modelo de relaciones de dependencia entre las variables que explican la complejidad ambiental isomórfica. Discusión. En relación con otras especificaciones de modelos se recomienda incluir las variables con la finalidad de demostrar las trayectorias lógicas de relaciones de dependencia propuestas.Background. Environmental complexity observed in one locality has been studied through an isomorphic model in which the emergence of two identities are anticipated: an entropic and other neguentropic. At risk, shortages and unsanitary conditions, communities are organized to reduce the effects of natural disasters on community health. Objective. Specify a model for the study of stress and community resilience to environmental risk events and natural disasters. Method. a non-experimental, cross-sectional and exploratory study with a nonrandom selection of 600 affected by the flooding of a river in the downtown area of Mexico was held. Results. significant differences between men and women regarding their risk levels, stress and resilience that served to specify the model of dependency relationships between variables that explain the environmental complexity isomorphic found. Discussion. For other specifications recommended models include variables in order to demonstrate the logical paths proposals dependency relationships.
El papel de las externalidades de capital humano en un modelo de crecimiento endógeno para México
Authors: Carrera Aguilar Ana Beatriz , Robles Valencia Arturo
Published: February 2018

A través de aproximaciones empíricas apoyadas en el modelo de crecimiento de Paul Romer y de la función de producción neoclásica tipo Cobb-Douglas, este trabajo incluye los factores propios de estos modelos a través de externalidades de capital para explicar el crecimiento económico en México. Se realizó un modelo de regresión de efectos fijos en el tiempo, empleando datos longitudinales para el período 2003-2008. Se concluye que el parámetro tecnológico es determinante para explicar el crecimiento del PIB mexicano, esto es, que la proporción de población con estudios superiores terminados influye directamente en el crecimiento económico del país. Las inversiones en ciencia y tecnología por parte de los estados mexicanos resultaron no significativas dentro del experimento realizado.Through empirical approaches supported in the growth model of Paul Romer and neoclassical production function Cobb-Douglas, this work includes specific factors such as externalities capital models to explain economic growth in Mexico. A panel data was constructed for 2003-2008 and a fixed-time-effects regression model applied. It is concluded that technological parameter is crucial for the growth of Mexican GDP, that is, the proportion of population with university degree directly affects economic growth. Investments in science and technology made by mexican states were not significatives within the experiment performed.
RESEÑA de: Alfonso Echazarra (2014). La delincuencia en los barrios. Percepciones y reacciones / Crime in the neighborhoods. Perceptions and reactions. Barcelona: Obra Social “La Caixa”
Authors: Hernández Prados María Ángeles
Published: February 2018

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Inflammatory cell populations in early neuroinflammation in the core and peri-ischemic lesions of rat brain after transient focal cerebral ischemia: A morphometric study
Authors: Horvath Emoke , Oradan Alex , Chiriac Liviu , Dobreanu Minodora , Nagy Előd-Ernő , Hutanu Adina
Published: February 2018

Background and Objective: Clinical and experimental observations emphasize the role of inflammation as a direct risk factor for stroke. To better characterize the inflammation, we have conducted a detailed histological analysis of the inflammatory cell population after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in a rat model.

Methods: Fifteen adult Wistar male rats were divided randomly into test (n=10) and sham (n=5) groups. In the ischemic group, transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced with an intraluminal filament technique. Histologic lesions of the ischemic core and the surrounding penumbra zone were evaluated, based on a complex algorithm. Representative morphological changes in the core and the penumbra zone were compared. Immunohistochemistry was performed for leukocytes markers (CD15, CD68, CD3), leukocyte-released effectors (MMP-9 and COX-2), and FXIII (possibly involved in microglia and macrophage activation)

Results: Neuronal vacuolation and degeneration were significantly more in the core lesion, whereas cellular edema and inflammatory infiltrate were increased in the penumbra. CD68, CD3, FXIII and Cox-2 expression were significantly higher in the penumbra than in the core (p=0.026; p=0.006; p=0.002; and p<0.001).

Discussion: In the rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion, inflammatory mechanisms, microglia/macrophage cells, and T-lymphocytes likely play an important role in the penumbra. The deterioration of neurons is less in the penumbra than in the core. Appreciation of the role of the inflammatory cells and mechanisms involved in stroke might lead to measures to inhibit the injury and save brain volume.
Understanding D-Ribose and Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Mahoney Diane E. , Hiebert John B. , Thimmesch Amanda , Pierce John T. , Vacek James L. , Clancy Richard L. , Sauer Andrew J. , Pierce Janet D.
Published: February 2018

Mitochondria are important organelles referred to as cellular powerhouses for their unique properties of cellular energy production.  With many pathologic conditions and aging, mitochondrial function declines, and there is a reduction in the production of adenosine triphosphate. The energy carrying molecule generated by cellular respiration and by pentose phosphate pathway, an alternative pathway of glucose metabolism. D-ribose is a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in the cells and particularly in the mitochondria is essential in energy production. Without sufficient energy, cells cannot maintain integrity and function. Supplemental D-ribose has been shown to improve cellular processes when there is mitochondrial dysfunction. When individuals take supplemental D-ribose, it can bypass part of the pentose pathway to produce D-ribose-5-phosphate for the production of energy. In this article, we review how energy is produced by cellular respiration, the pentose pathway, and the use of supplemental D-ribose.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine use: Influence of Patients’ Satisfaction with Medical Treatment among Breast Cancer Patients at Uganda Cancer Institute
Authors: Kiwanuka Frank
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Use of Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is high among cancer patients especially breast cancer patients. This study sought to evaluate Complementary and alternative medicine use in breast cancer patients and how its use is influencedby patient’s satisfaction with conventional medical treatment among breast cancer patients attending Uganda Cancer Institute. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used in this study. Participants who were diagnosed histologically with breast cancer at Uganda Cancer Institute took part in the study. A questionnaire was developed and used to interview the participants and medical records of the respondents were also reviewed. Results: A total of 235 participants completed the study. The prevalence of CAM use was 77%. CAM therapies used included herbal medicines, prayer for health, vitamins/minerals, native healers, Chinese medicines, massage, yoga, Ayurvedic medicine, Acupuncture, reflexolog, Support group attendance, meditation, Magnetic and Bio-fieldmanipulation. Satisfaction with medical treatment was significantlyassociated with CAM use. Patients who are not satisfiedwith medical treatment were more likely to use CAM. Conclusion: There is a high number of breast cancer patients using CAM, various categories of therapies are being used and patients’ satisfaction with medical treatment triggers off a patients decision to use CAM therapies.
Comparison between the Effects of Early and Late Nourishing by Jejunal Feeding in Patients with Esophageal Cancer after Esophagectomy
Authors: Beheshti Rouy Samad , Kakaei Farzad , Rahimi Mehran
Published: February 2018

Background: Esophageal cancer has become one of the most common cancers in the last decade and multiple treatment methods can be prescribe based on its extent and grade. It has been proven that nutritional states are very important to tolerance surgery. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacyand safety of early (6 hours) starting of jejunal feeding comparing with late (72 hours) nourishing by jejunal feeding in patients with esophageal cancer after esophagectomy. Methods: In this prospective-randomized study, 50 patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer were randomly divided into two groups. Then patients underwent surgery. In case group (n=25) nourishing by jejunostomy was started 6 hours after surgery and in control group (n=25) as a conventional method, nourishing by jejunostomy was started 72 hours after surgery. Results: There were no significantdifferences between two groups in term of age, type of tumor and grade of tumor. In case and control group; ICU stay time, hospitalization, transfusion rate, preoperative serum albumin level were 2.2±0.32 and 1.76±0.14 days, 9.28±0.56 and 9.12±0.14 days, 0.24±0.11 and 0.28±0.1 unites, 3.93±0.09 and 3.8±0.07, respectively. The albumin serum levels 6 hours and 72 after surgery in case and control group were 3.74±0.07 and 3.6±0.08, 3.66±0.08 and 3.54±0.07, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results, the transfusion rate, ICU stay and hospitalization days in case group was lower than control group. But there were no significantdifferences between two groups. In general, it seems that early start of nutrition via jejunal tube in patients undergoing esophagectomy have no more complications comparing conventional method. Its benefits nee additional studies.
An observational study on risk of secondary cancers in chronic myeloid leukemia patients in the TKI era in the United States
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Garg Mohit , Chaudhary Neha , Chandra Abhinav Binod
Published: February 2018

Introduction

The treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has drastically improved the outcome of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. This study was conducted to examine the risk of secondary cancers (SCs) in the CML patients who were diagnosed and treated in the TKI era in the United States.

Methods

The surveillance epidemiology and end results (SEER) database was used to identify CML patients who were diagnosed and received treatment during January 2002–December 2014. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and absolute excess risks (AER) were calculated.

Results

Overall, 511 SCs (excluding acute leukemia) developed in 9,200 CML patients followed for 38,433 person-years. The risk of developing SCs in the CML patients was 30% higher than the age, sex and race matched standard population (SIR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.2–1.40;p< 0.001). The SIRs for CLL (SIR 3.4, 95% CI: 2–5.5;p< 0.001), thyroid (SIR 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2–3.5;p< 0.001), small intestine (SIR 3.1, 95% CI: 1.1–7;p= 0.004), gingiva (SIR 3.7, 95% CI: 1.2–8.7;p= 0.002), stomach (SIR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–3.5;p= 0.005), lung (SIR 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1–1.7;p= 0.006) and prostate (SIR 1.3, 95% CI: 1.02–1.6;p= 0.026) cancer among CML patients were significantly higher than the general population. The risk of SCs was higher irrespective of age and it was highest in the period 2–12 months after the diagnosis of CML. The risk of SCs in women was similar to that of the general population.

Conclusion

CML patients diagnosed and treated in the TKI era in the United States are at an increased risk of developing a second malignancy. The increased risk of SCs in the early period after CML diagnosis suggests that the risk of SCs may be increased due to the factors other than TKIs treatment.
Compiling and Mapping Global Permeability of the Unconsolidated and Consolidated Earth: GLobal HYdrogeology MaPS 2.0 (GLHYMPS 2.0)
Authors: Huscroft Jordan , Gleeson Tom , Hartmann Jens , Börker Janine
Published: February 2018

The spatial distribution of subsurface parameters such as permeability are increasingly relevant for regional to global climate, land surface, and hydrologic models that are integrating groundwater dynamics and interactions. Despite the large fraction of unconsolidated sediments on Earth's surface with a wide range of permeability values, current global, high‐resolution permeability maps distinguish solely fine‐grained and coarse‐grained unconsolidated sediments. Representative permeability values are derived for a wide variety of unconsolidated sediments and applied to a new global map of unconsolidated sediments to produce the first geologically constrained, two‐layer global map of shallower and deeper permeability. The new mean logarithmic permeability of the Earth's surface is −12.7 ± 1.7 m2 being 1 order of magnitude higher than that derived from previous maps, which is consistent with the dominance of the coarser sediments. The new data set will benefit a variety of scientific applications including the next generation of climate, land surface, and hydrology models at regional to global scales.
Evidence for Diverse Biogeochemical Drivers of Boreal Forest New Particle Formation
Authors: Lawler Michael J. , Rissanen Matti P. , Ehn Mikael , Mauldin R. Lee , Sarnela Nina , Sipilä Mikko , Smith James N.
Published: February 2018

New particle formation (NPF) is an important contributor to particle number in many locations, but the chemical drivers for this process are not well understood. Daytime NPF events occur regularly in the springtime Finnish boreal forest and strongly impact aerosol abundance. In April 2014 size‐resolved chemical measurements of ambient nanoparticles were made using the Time‐of‐Flight Thermal Desorption Chemical ionization Mass Spectrometer and we report results from two NPF events. While growth overall was dominated by terpene oxidation products, newly formed 20–70 nm particles showed enhancement in apparent alkanoic acids. The events occurred on days with rapid transport of marine air, which correlated with low background aerosol loading and higher gas phase methanesulfonic acid levels. These results are broadly consistent with previous studies on Nordic NPF but indicate that further attention should be given to the sources and role of non‐terpenoid organics and the possible contribution of transported marine compounds in this process.
Constraints on Transient Viscoelastic Rheology of the Asthenosphere From Seasonal Deformation
Authors: Chanard Kristel , Fleitout Luce , Calais Eric , Barbot Sylvain , Avouac Jean‐Philippe
Published: February 2018

We discuss the constraints on short‐term asthenospheric viscosity provided by seasonal deformation of the Earth. We use data from 195 globally distributed continuous Global Navigation Satellite System stations. Surface loading is derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment and used as an input to predict geodetic displacements. We compute Green's functions for surface displacements for a purely elastic spherical reference Earth model and for viscoelastic Earth models. We show that a range of transient viscoelastic rheologies derived to explain the early phase of postseismic deformation may induce a detectable effect on the phase and amplitude of horizontal displacements induced by seasonal loading at long wavelengths (1,300–4,000 km). By comparing predicted and observed seasonal horizontal motion, we conclude that transient asthenospheric viscosity cannot be lower than 5 × 1017 Pa.s, suggesting that low values of transient asthenospheric viscosities reported in some postseismic studies cannot hold for the seasonal deformation global average.
A “Geodetic Gap” in the Calabrian Arc: Evidence for a Locked Subduction Megathrust?
Authors: Carafa M. M. C. , Kastelic V. , Bird P. , Maesano F. E. , Valensise G.
Published: February 2018

Subduction of old Ionian seafloor beneath the Calabrian Arc (southern Italy) is the geological process with the greatest mass flux in the central Mediterranean, yet its seismogenic behavior is largely obscured. No unambiguous evidence of subduction‐related earthquakes exists in historical times, and local GPS velocities indicate very low strain rates. Nevertheless, the region hosted some of the deadliest normal‐faulting earthquakes of the entire Mediterranean basin. We show that the low strain rates recorded in southern Calabria can be reconciled with the regional vigorous seismic moment release by assuming high interseismic coupling but low seismic coupling of the subduction interface. The alternative scenario of steadily creeping subduction cannot be ruled out but requires the historical seismicity record to be dismissed as unrepresentative. We refer to the peculiar spatial pattern of short‐term strain rates in southern Calabria as a “geodetic gap” resulting from destructive interference between upper‐plate extension and temporary compression due to locking along the subduction interface. Seismic hazard modelers must understand that within such gaps, the long‐term seismic hazard is greater than that suggested by the low geodetic strain rates.
Physical Explanation of Archie's Porosity Exponent in Granular Materials: A Process‐Based, Pore‐Scale Numerical Study
Authors: Niu Qifei , Zhang Chi
Published: February 2018

The empirical Archie's law has been widely used in geosciences and engineering to explain the measured electrical resistivity of many geological materials, but its physical basis has not been fully understood yet. In this study, we use a pore‐scale numerical approach combining discrete element‐finite difference methods to study Archie's porosity exponent m of granular materials over a wide porosity range. Numerical results reveal that at dilute states (e.g., porosity ϕ > ~65%), m is exclusively related to the particle shape and orientation. As the porosity decreases, the electric flow in pore space concentrates progressively near particle contacts and m increases continuously in response to the intensified nonuniformity of the local electrical field. It is also found that the increase in m is universally correlated with the volume fraction of pore throats for all the samples regardless of their particle shapes, particle size range, and porosities.
Origin of Methane and Sources of High Concentrations in Los Angeles Groundwater
Authors: Kulongoski J. T. , McMahon P. B. , Land M. , Wright M. T. , Johnson T. A. , Landon M. K.
Published: February 2018

In 2014, samples from 37 monitoring wells at 17 locations, within or near oil fields, and one site >5 km from oil fields, in the Los Angeles Basin, California, were analyzed for dissolved hydrocarbon gas isotopes and abundances. The wells sample a variety of depths of an aquifer system composed of unconsolidated and semiconsolidated sediments under various conditions of confinement. Concentrations of methane in groundwater samples ranged from 0.002 to 150 mg/L—some of the highest concentrations reported in a densely populated urban area. The δ13C and δ2H of the methane ranged from −80.8 to −45.5 per mil (‰) and −249.8 to −134.9‰, respectively, and, along with oxidation‐reduction processes, helped to identify the origin of methane as microbial methanogenesis and CO2 reduction as its main formation pathway. The distribution of methane concentrations and isotopes is consistent with the high concentrations of methane in Los Angeles Basin groundwater originating from relatively shallow microbial production in anoxic or suboxic conditions. Source of the methane is the aquifer sediments rather than the upward migration or leakage of thermogenic methane associated with oil fields in the basin.