bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inovasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Penanganan Covid-19 di Indonesia
Authors: Pratiwi Dian Kus
Published: June 2021

Kondisi darurat akibat Covid-19 dalam kerangka negara kesatuan tidak hanya menjadi tanggung jawab pemerintah pusat, namun perlu peran dan tanggungjawab pemerintah daerah. Hal inilah penting bagi pemerintah untuk melakukan inovasi kebijakan penanganan pandemi Covid-19 tanpa mengesampingkan kebijakan yang telah di keluarkan oleh pemerintah pusat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi urgensi dan bentuk inovasi kebijakan pemerintah daerah dalam penanganan pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian dilakukan secara yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif terhadap urgensi inovasi kebijakan pemerintah daerah dan bentuk inovasi kebijakan pemerintah daerah dalam penanganan Covid-19. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa inovasi kebijakan pemerintah daerah dalam penangangan Covid-19 di Indonesia penting dilakukan dengan alasan: 1) dalam konteks negara kesatuan terdapat hubungan antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah; 2) adanya problematika hubungan antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah secara umum maupun dalam penanganan Covid-19 di Indonesia mengakibatkan ketidak efektifan kebijakan penanganan Covid-19; 3) sejumlah peraturan dan kebijakan pemerintah pusat belum cukup efektif mengatasi pandemi Covid-19; 4) pemerintah daerah memiliki tanggung jawab langsung kepada masyarakat di daerah; 5) bahwa inovasi kebijakan merupakan bagian dari kepentingan nasional guna melaksanakan tujuan bernegara yang berpegang pada asas solus populi suprema lex. Bentuk inovasi kebijakan yang dilakukan pemerintah daerah dalam penanganan pandemi Covid-19 diantaranya: 1) inovasi kebijakan terkait pemulihan sektor birokrasi dan pelayanan masyarakat; 2) berkaitan dengan sektor kesehatan dan ketertiban masyarakat; dan 3) inovasi dibidang ekonomi dengan memberikan fasilitas perpajakan.
Do Firm Vary the Frequency of Advertising in an Offline and Online Environment? An analytical approach
Authors: eze Sunday C. , Oduro-Gyamfi Angela
Published: June 2021

There have been countless developments in the field of communication and information. Marketers have been quick to capitalise on these advancements. In this regard, the interactive advertising has slowly been gaining prominence globally, and many companies now have online presence enabling them to gain recognition not only locally but also globally. This study has been an attempt at analysing the variations in the frequency of both the online and the offline medium of advertising, through the analysis of the companies’ reports of two brands- Camden food co and The Pasty Shop. It was discovered that the common perception that exists is that online web-sites are expensive to maintain after initial implementation. The method of advertising is chiefly dependent on the marketing policy of a firm, which is actually a product of the nature of the firm itself. Hence, since both Camden Food Co and The Pasty Shop cater to people who are commuting and have a bite on the go, the key advertising strategy has been to invest in and maintain offline advertising.
Uptake of Enterprise 2.0 in SMEs: A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Eze Sunday C. , Awa Hart O.
Published: June 2021

IT and new-networked business structures are removing the sources of friction, producing major dimensions of change that affect every firm and its operations (Tapscott, 2008). They have constantly thrown at us new buzz phrases; the thresholds of dramatic shift in ways firms organize, innovate, and create values. IT infrastructures have become democratized by the Internet; people no longer consume and convey information alone but also create and share contents with others on the Web, be it textual, aural, or visual. The use of Web, which extends to websites, B2B, B2C and e-business application, has made it imperative for organizations to conduct their business and e-business over the Internet. As new ITs such as Enterprise 2.0 emerge, organizations device new strategies and directions to utilize the web to reach out their customers and business partners. Organizations develop new and innovative ways of doing business and react positively to their customers. They often adapt and rely on enterprise systems as its accompanying budget cuts affect travels, marketing expenses, capital investments, and staffing levels (McKinnon, 2009). This theoretical paper builds on existing body of knowledge on Enterprise 2.0 to expand its understanding and applicability by SMEs.
Key Success Factors Influencing Students’ Trust On Tesco Grocery Services
Authors: Ali .Samina , Eze Sunday C.
Published: June 2021

This purpose of this paper is to explore the key success factors influencing students trust on Tesco grocery services. Using survey approach, the study adopted, simple random sampling in selecting a total of 70 students of the University of Bedfordshire who shop at Tesco. The analysis shows that organisations feel that customer trust gradually turns into customer loyalty. The findings revealed that a number of factors shapes students trust in Tesco grocery services mainly convenience, price and the quality of products and services
Agripreneurship Curriculum Development in Nigerian Higher Institutions
Authors: Eze Sunday C. , Chinedu-Eze Vera
Published: June 2021

Sustainable agriculture has remained a subject of debate in Nigeria for decades without tangible results. Between 2001 and 2007, agricultural sector accounted for 40 percent of Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Products (GDP) and 51 percent of job creation. However, in 2015 agriculture accounted for only 17.77% of Nigeria’s GDP (National Bureau of Statistics, 2015). These figures are indications that agriculture has not met the need of the country, and reveal the dwindling nature of the sector. The declining nature of agriculture calls for a new strategy that will support agricultural development in Nigeria. This paper aims to advance agripreneurship education in Nigerian Universities by attempting to develop a curriculum that will trigger agriprenuership taught classes in Universities in Nigeria in attempt to increase youth and farmers participation in agripreneurship and improve the agricultural sector in general
THE REPRESENTATION OF SOCIETAL GAP IN THE FILM PARASITE
Authors: Ismandianto  , Eugueyne Wulan Sari Feggy
Published: June 2021

Societal gap is a phenomenon that exists between the layers of society which creates mass significant differences between it. Through the movie Parasite, Bong Joon Ho successfully portrayed a visualization of the societal disparity issue that happens between two South Korea families with different economic backgrounds. This research’s sole purpose is to analyze and evaluate the representation of societal gap which is depicted thoroughly in Parasite’s filmography.

This research uses the method of qualitative research with John Fiske’s semiotic analysis. The subject is the movie Parasite which is directed by Bong Joon Ho. The data is obtained by the method of observing and documentation. The data’s unit of analysis is picked solely by the scenes that interpret signs of societal gap, which rounds up to 31 scenes. The data’s examination technique uses the technique of source’s triangulation. 

The research has brought up a few results such as, (1) The reality level and societal gap is represented in aspects of appearance, the way each families speak, behavior, movements, expression, and the environment that they reside at. (2) The level of representation and societal disparity is illustrated through aspects of the film such as, camera, lighting, music, and voices. (3) The level of ideology and portrayals of societal gap values can be assured to contain values of socialists and capitalists. In the aspect of socialists, the societal gap is seen as something that stands out because of the significant differences that exist between the different layers of society. Meanwhile, the capitalist values can be seen in how the movie has portrayed how a person with a higher position in the society is the capital holder and the ones that exist in the middle to the lower class of society depends themselves on the ones that resides on the higher class of society.
Peran Departemen Human Resources Development dalam Aktivitas Employee Relations pada Bisnis Keluarga
Authors: Septaningtyas Hidayat Putri , Armawati Sufa Siska , Eny Ratnasari
Published: June 2021

Sebagai perusahaan yang bergerak pada bidang hospitality, Royal Trawas Hotel & Cottages ingin membangun komunikasi yang sehat dengan karyawan. Royal Trawas Hotel & Cottages menyadari bahwa bisnis ini tidak akan berjalan tanpa adanya performa terbaik dari karyawan. Oleh karena itu, untuk membina hubungan yang baik dengan karyawan Royal Trawas Hotel & Cottages melalui Departemen Human Resources Development (HRD) melakukan sejumlah aktivitas Employee Relations. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, peneliti ingin mengetahui tentang aktivitas Employee Relations yang dilakukan di Royal Trawas Hotel & Cottages. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Departemen HRD telah membuata sejumlah aktivitas employee relations yaitu pertemuan program pendidikan dan pelatihan hingga corporate social responsibility. Peran Departemen HRD dalam aktivitas employee relations diantaranya adalah melakukan analisis awal, merancang aktivitas employee relations sesuai budaya perusahaan, menganalisis  efektivitas peran dan tanggung jawab staf dalam aktivitas employee relations, melakukan diseminasi informasi, menentukan dan mengelola media internal, menciptakan hubungan humanis antara pimpinan dan karyawan serta melakukan evaluasi terhadap aktivitas employee relations. Aktivitas Employee Relations bergantung dengan komunikasi internal. Komunikasi internal yang terjadi di Royal Trawas and Cottages adalah komunikasi ke bawah atau downward communication dari pimpinan kepada karyawan, komunikasi hilir vertikal atau upward communication, komunikasi horizontal yang berlangsung antara karyawan dengan karyawan lainnya. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai evaluasi bagi Royal Trawas Hotel & Cottages serta Royal Hospitality Management.
The correct name for the South Western European species recently separated from Parnassius mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
Authors: Cotton Adam M. , Bolotov Ivan N. , Gofarov Mikhail Y. , Gorbach Vyacheslav V. , Kolosova Yulia S. , Zheludkova Alisa A. , Kondakov Alexander V. , Spitsyn Vitaly M.
Published: June 2021

The name nebrodensis Turati is shown to be unavailable and the first available name for the species is chosen by invoking the First Reviser Principle under the ICZN Code as Parnassius turatii Fruhstorfer, 1908. Rothschild was determined to be the first author to confer availability on the name nebrodensis by application of the Code.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EXPERIENCE OF FUTURE RAILWAY EXPERTS TRAINING INTO THE MODERN EDUCATION PROCESS
Authors: Коваленко О. М.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the implementation of the experience of future railway experts training into the modern education process. The author underlines that the problem of the railway experts training is relevant during the whole period of the existence of the railway educational institutions. The burning questions are as follows: the continuity of the academic syllabi and curriculums at the different levels of the education, the correspondence of the training level to the labour conditions and railroad requirements, the dual education system, etc. In the past (the second half of the XX) the process of railway experts training was stipulated by several factors. One of them was the scientific and technical development of railway transport (for instance, the replacement of steam trains and diesel locomotives with electrical locomotives; the application of automatic systems in the railway operation, etc.). Another factor is railroad enterprise requirements (as the railway transport develops the enterprises need more qualified workers or employees with some new qualification). Thus, the railway industry required new skilled workers and the institution of railway education aimed at the training of skilled workers for different railroad branches. To achieve the aim vocational schools launched new majors and created new academic syllabi and curriculum which were relevant for the railway requirements. The author summarizes that taking into account the previous historical background, it would make sense to arrange future railway experts training at enterprises with the participation of the employees who work at the enterprise. Training within the industry has to take more than half of the total teaching hours. Such an approach provides balanced acquirement by hard and soft skills: professional knowledge and abilities, necessary key competencies as well as communicative skills, teamwork, critical thinking, etc. The author offers the draft syllabus which can be used for railway experts training within the dual education system programme.
СУТНІСТЬ ТА ЗМІСТ ПОНЯТТЯ «РОЗВИТОК МУЗИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ ДІТЕЙ»
Authors: Петренко Г. О.  , Кохановська О. В.
Published: June 2021

У статті розглядається проблема визначення сутності поняття «розвиток музичного виховання дітей». Зокрема, зазначається, що на сьогодні музичне виховання підростаючого покоління в Україні вимагає уваги і вдосконалення, а, зважаючи на перманентне реформування освітньої галузі, потребує уточнення термінологічний апарат, зокрема сутність поняття «розвиток музичного виховання дітей». Проаналізовано ступінь дослідженості проблеми та виділено праці вчених, які розробляли проблеми транформації та розвитку музичного виховання (С. Горбенко, О. Михайличенко, Г. Падалка, А. Растригіна, О. Ростовський, Т. Танько, Л. Хлєбнікова, Г. Шевченко, В. Шульгіна та ін.).У контексті досліджуваної проблематики розглянуто потрактування понять «розвиток», «виховання», «музичне виховання», «музичне виховання дітей».Висвітлено сучасний стан початкової мистецької освіти в Україні. Зауважено, що сьогодні паралельно з уведенням реформи Нова українська школа одночасно відбуваються перетворення у сфері музичної освіти, зокрема реформування початкових мистецьких навчальних закладів (до яких належали і музичні школи) за ініціативи Міністерства культури України у 2017 році. Проаналізовано законодавчу базу функціонування початкової мистецької освіти, зокрема Концепцію сучасної мистецької школи, яка є базовим документом на сьогодні.Зроблено висновок, що у наш час проблема музичного вихованя є досить актуальною. Під «розвитком музичного виховання дітей» розумітимемо специфічний процес безперервних кількісних та якісних змін у сфері передачі та засвоєння музичних знань, умінь та навичок, які безпосередньо спрямовані на формування в особистості музичних нахилів, здібностей, ідеалів.
ЗДОРОВ’ЯЗБЕРЕЖУВАЛЬНЕ ВИХОВАННЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ ПЕДАГОГІЧНОЇ СПАДЩИНИ МАЦЄЯ ДЕМЕЛЯ (MACIEJ DEMEL; 1923‒2017)
Authors: Сливка Л. В.
Published: June 2021

Статтю присвячено актуальній проблемі – вихованню дітей та молоді з метою плекання їхнього здоров’я. Зазначено, що творча спадщина польських науковців, освітян і громадсько-просвітницьких діячів у контексті цієї проблеми заслуговує на особливу увагу, оскільки її переосмислення відкриває нове бачення реалізації здоров’язбережувального виховання учнів у загальноосвітніх школах України. Висвітлено зміст деяких праць лікаря, педагога, професора наук про фізичну культуру, спеціаліста у ділянці фізичного виховання і педагогіки здоров’я Мацєя Демеля (пол. Maciej Demel; 1923‒2017) щодо визначення феномена здоров’язбережувального виховання як педагогічного процесу, його мети, завдань і технологій. Під цим кутом деталізовано змістове наповнення таких розвідок вченого: «Нотатка з національної конференції шкільної гігієни» («Notatka z Krajowej Konferencji Higieny Szkolnej»; 1960), «Здоров’язбережувальне виховання як педагогічна дисципліна» («Wychowanie zdrowotne jako dyscyplina pedagogiczna»; 1965), «Про здоров’язбережувальне виховання» (пол. «O wychowaniu zdrowotnym»; 1968), «Вчитель здоров’я. Життя і діяльність лікаря Станіслава Копчиньського. 1873 – 1933 – 1973» («Nauczyciel zdrowia. Życie i dzieło doktora Stanisława Kopczyńskiego. 1873 ‒ 1933 – 1973»; 1972), «Мета фізичного і здоров’язбережувального навчання та виховання» («Cele kształcenia i wychowania fizycznego oraz zdrowotnego»; 1975), «Педагогіка здоров’я» («Pedagоgika zdrowia»; 1980). Констатовано, що ці твори М. Демеля сприяли популяризації дефініції «здоров’язбережувальне виховання» (пол. wychowanie zdrowotne) у науковому просторі Польщі, у них репрезентовано теоретичне підґрунтя здоров’язбережувального виховання як педагогічного процесу, анонсовано умови, методи, форми та засоби його реалізації. Виявлено, що до тематичних блоків здоров’язбережувального виховання дослідник залучив особисту гігієну, гігієну оточення, гігієну харчування, гігієну праці та відпочинку, особисту безпеку та громадську безпеку, першу допомогу при нещасних випадках, загартування, оптимальну рухову та фізичну активність, яка застосовується свідомо згідно індивідуальної програми, а також, що дуже цікаво, основні правила використання послуг «служби здоров’я» (поліклінік, лікарень, шпиталів), активну співпрацю пацієнта із лікарем під час лікування та реабілітації та правила, пов’язані із фармакологічним лікуванням.
Editorial
Authors: Reyes Osvaldo
Published: June 2021

El proceso de vacunación para poner freno a la pandemia por el SARS-CoV-2 avanza a pasos agigantados en muchos países, permitiendo ver la luz al final del túnel. Sin embargo, en otras latitudes, ya sea por menores recursos, desidia de las personas con el poder de tomar decisiones y el temor de la población, el porcentaje de vacunación deja mucho que desear. En estos tiempos modernos, donde la eficacia de la vacunación como la mejor medida preventiva para reducir la morbimortalidad global no debería ser puesta en dudas, es doloroso ver figuras públicas fustigar los distintos esfuerzos dirigidos a aumentar el número de personas vacunadas.
Los argumentos usados por estas “autoridades” carecen de todo sustento científico y son fácilmente debatibles con evidencia mínima, pero vivimos en la era digital y el internet ha permitido que cualquier persona con una mínima habilidad lectora se sienta en capacidad de discutir con autoridades que han dedicado su vida a la investigación. Este fenómeno, conocido como el efecto Dunning-Krüger, postula que las personas sin conocimientos en un área específica desconocen los límites de su ignorancia. Claessens et al. publicaron los resultados de su investigación con esta premisa de fondo en la era COVID (Claessens et al. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2021). Analizaron múltiples variables relacionadas con los conocimientos de 2487 sujetos en temas relacionas con el COVID. Como era de esperar, aquellos con los peores resultados usaban como fuente de información primaria el internet y las redes sociales y su nivel educativo era pobre. El promedio de percepción del nivel de conocimientos era elevado y para nada relacionado con la realidad.
 
            Las nuevas generaciones tienes millones de volúmenes de conocimiento al alcance de la mano, pero se decantan por las más accesibles. Las que les llegan en sus momentos de ocio en textos de corta duración, sin un solo artículo que sustente las palabras que emiten. Toman estas falacias como verdades absolutas y las diseminan como el virus que tanto dicen conocer. Es imperativo impulsar una reforma educativa a todo nivel, pero debemos empezar por nosotros mismos. Tenemos que aprender a olvidar lo aprendido y a partir de cero. Aceptar que lo postulado por un solo investigador o un solo artículo dista mucho de ser verdad, verificar la fuente de cualquier noticia que nos llegue y aprender a leer de manera crítica las investigaciones científicas. Mientras no hagamos eso, el problema seguirá, ya que las personas que deberían poner orden son víctimas de su propia versión de Dunning-Krüger y cuando una mentira viene de boca de una autoridad, el daño que provoca es peor.
A veces tenemos que aceptar que no sabemos. Ese es el primer paso hacia el verdadero conocimiento.
Embarazo heterotópico y Supervivencia del producto intrauterino. Reporte de un Caso y Revisión de la Literatura
Authors: Arrocha Germán , Espinosa Jorge
Published: June 2021

El embarazo heterotópico es la coexistencia de una gestación intrauterina y otra extrauterina.  La incidencia es baja en embarazos espontáneos, sin embargo, aumenta secundario a técnicas de reproducción asistida. El producto extrauterino siempre se pierde y el intrauterino puede llegar a tener diversas complicaciones. Puesto que es una posibilidad excepcional asociada con gran morbilidad y mortalidad materna, su diagnóstico y atención oportuna son decisivas. La fracción b de la hormona gonadotropina coriónica humana y el ultrasonido vaginal son las opciones de mayor utilidad para el diagnóstico. El acceso quirúrgico laparoscópico es el de elección porque ofrece ventajas con relación a la técnica abierta.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis mimicking a right Eventration on Radiography: The falsity of single view radiograph in the diagnosis of a precursor of pulmonary disease: A Case Report
Authors: Ogunkoya John , Adesuyi Oluwatosin Yetunde
Published: June 2021

Background: The diaphragm is one of the most important muscles of respiration in the body separating the abdomen from the thorax. Abnormalities of the diaphragm could be congenital or acquired, morphological or functional while pulmonary infection e.g. pulmonary tuberculosis, is implicated in its etiology.
Case presentation: A 63-year- old man with six weeks history of cough productive of yellowish sputum. Chest X-ray showed a uniform well-circumscribed opacity in the right lower lobe abutting on or in continuum with the right diaphragm consistent with a diaphragmatic hump. Sputum Gene Xpert was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chest CT scan revealed bilateral lymph node enlargement with hyperdense lesions in the anterior basal segment of the right lower lobe and medial bronchopulmonary segments of the right middle lobe. He was treated for 6 months with first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Discussion: The incidence of the diaphragmatic hump on chest radiograph worldwide and among Nigerians is unknown. The association of diaphragmatic hump with chest infection has been well document. The association of diaphragmatic hump with pulmonary tuberculosis is uncommon.
Conclusion: A high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis with atypical clinical and radiological presentations. Such prompt diagnosis will aid the treatment of the disease.
Kanser Olan Hastalara Verilen Eğitimin Öz Bakıma Etkisi
Authors: ERTÜRK YAVUZ Melek , GÜRSOY Ayla
Published: June 2021

Kanser hastaları hem hastalık hem de tedavisi nedeni ile öz bakımlarını gerçekleştirmede güçlük yaşamaktadırlar. Yapılan çalışmalar kanser hastalarına verilen eğitimlerin hastaların öz bakım gücünü arttırdığını göstermektedir. Öz bakım güçleri iyi olan hastalar fizyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyal açıdan daha iyi hissetmekte ve buna bağlı olarak yaşam kaliteleri artmaktadır. Bu nedenle hemşirelerin kanser hastalarının öz bakımlarını arttırmak amacı ile çeşitli eğitim programları düzenlemeleri önemlidir.
Türkiye’deki Büyükşehirlerin İhracat Performanslarının CRITIC ve MAUT Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: MARUF Muhammed , ÖZDEMİR Kadir
Published: June 2021

Küreselleşmenin etkisiyle dünya genelinde ihracatın önemi artmaktadır. İhracat, uluslararası pazarlarda yer edinmek ve ekonomik büyüme sağlamak için önem arz etmektedir. Bu doğrultuda ülkeler ve işletmeler ihracat performanslarını artırmak amacıyla çeşitli stratejiler uygulamaktadır. Çünkü ülkeler için ekonomik büyümenin ve uluslararası pazarlarda söz sahibi olmasında ihracat performansı önem arz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda özellikle büyükşehirler nüfus yoğunluğu ve sanayileşmeden dolayı ülkelerin ihracat performansının önemli bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’deki 30 büyükşehrin ihracat performansları değerlendirmek ve büyükşehirler ihracat performanslarına göre sıralamaktır. Bu doğrultuda uzman görüşüne dayanarak beş adet kriter belirlenmiştir. Bu kriterler büyükşehirlerin 2020 yılı ihracat rakamları, ihracat yapılan sektör sayısı, ihracat yapılan ülke sayısı, ihracat yapan firma sayısı ve antrepoların şehirlerde kapladığı alanlar (m2) olup büyükşehirlerin ihracat performanslarını etkilemektedir. Büyükşehirlerin ihracat performanslarının değerlendirilmesi CRITIC ve MAUT yöntemleri kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Belirlenen beş kriter ilk olarak CRITIC yöntemi ile ağırlıklandırılmış ve önem puanları hesaplanmıştır. Ardından MAUT yöntemi ile büyükşehirlerin ihracat performansları değerlendirilmiş ve büyükşehirler hesaplanan fayda değerlerine göre sıralanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre ihracat yapılan sektör sayısı en büyük kriter ağırlığına sahipken 2020 ihracat rakamları en düşük kriter ağırlığına sahiptir. Hesaplanan fayda değerlerine göre sırasıyla İstanbul, Kocaeli, İzmir, Bursa ve Ankara ihracat performansı en yüksek olan büyükşehirler olup yapılan sıralamada ilk beş sırada yer almaktadır. Muğla, Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır, Erzurum ve Van ise en kötü ihracat performansına sahip büyükşehirlerdir. Yapılan sıralamada da bu büyükşehirler son beş sırada yer almaktadır.
An Evaluation of Veterinary Production and Services in Bangladesh
Authors: Prova Tonema Tabassum , Rahman Md. Hasanur
Published: June 2021

As a developing country, the economy of Bangladesh is based on agricultural activities. Veterinary science and production have a significant impact on the socio-economic development of the country. The current study evaluates the sector in terms of Animal Feeds, Disease and Diagnostic Services, Preventive Veterinary Service, Clinical Service, Artificial Insemination, Wildlife Healthcare, Administrative Assistance, Legal framework and policy regime, Veterinary Public Health and Zoonoses, Research and Development for Veterinary Science, Licensing Veterinary Activities, Industrial Evaluation Based on ventures, and Veterinary education and research activities. Veterinary activities and economic development are positively correlated and affect poverty alleviation. The current study is a pioneering attempt to evaluate the area in the context of Bangladesh, which will essentially add value to the existing literature.
Factors Influencing Green Product Purchase Intention among Young Consumers in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Imtiaz Uddin , Alamgir Mohammed
Published: June 2021

The present study aims to determine critical factors affecting the green product purchase intention of Bangladeshi young consumers. In order to investigate the relationship, a formal questionnaire survey has been conducted targeting young Bangladeshi consumers, aged between 18 and 32 years old. A total of 400 responses have been finally screened out for analysis. Data analysis was carried out through partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings show that young consumers’ green purchase intention (GPI) is largely determined by their attitude,  environmental concern (EC), and willingness to pay (WTP). However, the impact of perceived moral obligation (PMO), on green purchase intention has been found insignificant. The study leaves specific implications for the strategic marketing decision-makers who strive to promote green product consumption in Bangladesh.
A Cross-Sectional Study of the Alarming Prevalence of Smoking Among Lebanese Physicians and Its Negative Impact on Promoting Cessation
Authors: Berjawi Ahmad , Nasser Mouhamad , Nassreddine Wassim , Kanj Amjad , Kojok Abir , Kanj Nadim
Published: June 2021

Background: There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of smoking among physicians. As physicians are on the front line caring for patients’ health, a detailed analysis of their smoking habits and its impact on counseling their patients to quit is warranted. So far, no study in Lebanon has addressed the real prevalence of physicians smoking and its impact on promoting cessation. This study aims to fill this purpose.
Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted using a web-based self-administered questionnaire was e-mailed to 4037 Lebanese physicians between November 2015 and February 2016. The questionnaire included 11 questions about basic sociodemographic information (age, gender, work province, specialty), smoking habits and attitude towards smoking cessation. SPSS was used for analysis. The main outcome was to calculate the percentage of physicians that smoke,  its relationship to gender and age, and its impact on counseling their patients about smoking cessation.
Results: 529 responders were analyzed (13.1% response rate). A high rate of physician ever-smokers was noted at 37% (n=195) whereas the prevalence of current smokers was 13% (n=70).. In addition, there was a difference in the gender of ever-smoking physicians where 47% of males were smokers compared to 20% of females only. Regarding the prevalence of smoking within different specialties, it was noted that 35% (n=74) of internal medicine physicians were ever-smokers compared to approximately 50% (n=51/102) of surgeons. There was a statistically significant difference between former-smokers and current-smokers in regards to how frequently they urge their patients to quit smoking.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of smoking among Lebanese physicians is depicted and its negative impact on counseling patients to quit is a serious consequence. This is a major drawback in the fight against tobacco and further awareness may be needed among our future doctors to increase smoking cessation counseling and decrease the burden of smoking in Lebanon and worldwide.
The Enigmatic Brown Dwarf WISEA J153429.75-104303.3 (a.k.a. “The Accident”)
Authors: Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Marocco Federico , Caselden Dan , Meisner Aaron M. , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Schneider Adam C. , Kuchner Marc J. , Casewell S. L. , Gelino Christopher R. , Cushing Michael C. , Eisenhardt Peter R. , Wright Edward L. , Schurr Steven D.
Published: June 2021

Continued follow-up of WISEA J153429.75−104303.3, announced in Meisner et al., has proven it to have an unusual set of properties. New imaging data from Keck/MOSFIRE and HST/WFC3 shows that this object is one of the few faint proper motion sources known with J − ch2 >8 mag, indicating a very cold temperature consistent with the latest known Y dwarfs. Despite this, it has W1−W2 and ch1−ch2 colors ∼1.6 mag bluer than a typical Y dwarf. A new trigonometric parallax measurement from a combination of WISE, Spitzer, and HST astrometry confirms a nearby distance of

16.3

−
1.2

+
1.4

pc and a large transverse velocity of 207.4 ± 15.9 km s−1. The absolute J, W2, and ch2 magnitudes are in line with the coldest known Y dwarfs, despite the highly discrepant W1−W2 and ch1−ch2 colors. We explore possible reasons for the unique traits of this object and conclude that it is most likely an old, metal-poor brown dwarf and possibly the first Y subdwarf. Given that the object has an HST F110W magnitude of 24.7 mag, broadband spectroscopy and photometry from JWST are the best options for testing this hypothesis.
Anisotropy of Solar Wind Turbulence in the Inner Heliosphere at Kinetic Scales: PSP Observations
Authors: Duan Die , He Jiansen , Bowen Trevor A. , Woodham Lloyd D. , Wang Tieyan , Chen Christopher H. K. , Mallet Alfred , Bale Stuart D.
Published: June 2021

The anisotropy of solar wind turbulence is a critical issue in understanding the physics of energy transfer between scales and energy conversion between fields and particles in the heliosphere. Using the measurement of Parker Solar Probe (PSP), we present an observation of the anisotropy at kinetic scales in the slow, Alfvénic, solar wind in the inner heliosphere. The magnetic compressibility behaves as expected for kinetic Alfvénic turbulence below the ion scale. A steepened transition range is found between the inertial and kinetic ranges in all directions with respect to the local background magnetic field direction. The anisotropy of k
⊥ ≫ k
∥ is found evident in both transition and kinetic ranges, with the power anisotropy P
⊥/P
∥ > 10 in the kinetic range leading over that in the transition range and being stronger than that at 1 au. The spectral index varies from α

t∥ = −5.7 ± 1.0 to α

t⊥ = −3.7 ± 0.3 in the transition range and α

k∥ = −3.12 ± 0.22 to α

k⊥ = −2.57 ± 0.09 in the kinetic range. The corresponding wavevector anisotropy has the scaling of

k

∥

∼

k

⊥

0.71
±
0.17

in the transition range, and changes to

k

∥

∼

k

⊥

0.38
±
0.09

in the kinetic range, consistent with the kinetic Alfvénic turbulence at sub-ion scales.
Dynamical Modeling of the C iv Broad Line Region of the z = 2.805 Multiply Imaged Quasar SDSS J2222+2745
Authors: Williams Peter R. , Treu Tommaso , Dahle Håkon , Valenti Stefano , Abramson Louis , Barth Aaron J. , Brewer Brendon J. , Dyrland Karianne , Gladders Michael , Horne Keith , Sharon Keren
Published: June 2021

We present the first ever models of a broad line region (BLR) at the peak of active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity using the multiply imaged z = 2.805 quasar SDSS J2222+2745. The modeled data consist of monthly spectra covering the broad C iv emission line over a 5.3 yr baseline. The models suggest a thick disk BLR that is inclined by ∼40° to the observer’s line of sight and with an emissivity weighted median radius of

r

median

=

33.0

−
2.1

+
2.4

light days. The kinematics are dominated by near-circular Keplerian motion with the remainder inflowing. The rest-frame lag one would measure from the models is

τ

median

=

36.4

−
1.8

+
1.8

days, which is consistent with measurements based on cross-correlation. We show a possible geometry and transfer function based on the model fits and find that the model-produced velocity-resolved lags are consistent with those from cross-correlation. We measure a black hole mass of

log

10

(

M

BH

/

M

⊙

)
=

8.31

−
0.06

+
0.07

, which requires a scale factor of

log

10

(

f

mean
,
σ

)
=

0.20

−
0.07

+
0.09

. This is the most precise M
BH measurement for any AGN at cosmological distances and it demonstrates that the precision required for BH-host coevolution studies is attainable.
The History and Origins of Directed Panspermia
Authors: Ginsburg Idan , Lingam Manasvi
Published: June 2021

Nobel laureate Frances Crick and renowned chemist Leslie Orgel are often credited with introducing the idea of “directed panspermia” in 1973. While they coined the term, the idea itself appeared in the scientific literature almost two decades earlier, and the first allusions can be traced back to 1930.
Evaluation of anti-biofilm potential of biosurfactant extracted from Nocardia species
Authors: Javadi Ali , Pourmand Mohamad Reza , Hamedi Javad , Gharebaghi Fatemeh , Baseri Zohre , Morovvati Abbas , Mohammadzadeh Razieh , Eshraghi Seyyed Saeed
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Bacterial natural products such as biosurfactants and surface-active agents are important compounds which exhibit many applications in the ﬁelds of medicine.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify Nocardia strains with high biosurfactant production and antibiofilm ability.

Materials and methods: In the present study, a biosurfactant producing Nocardia species was isolated and identiﬁed by a laboratory method. Nocardia species were initially screened and then tested for their ability to produce biosurfactant. The oil spreading test and the surface tension measurements showed that one strain was a biosurfactant producer. The strain with the best surface activity results was selected for further studies and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and compositional analysis proved a biosurfactant structure.

Results: Oil spreading test and blue agar plate test confirmed biosurfactants and extracellular anionic glycolipids. E24% assay using olive oil revealed strong emulsifying characteristic of the extracted biosurfactant with 100% emulsifying strength. FTIR spectrum indicated the presence of aliphatic hydrocarbon chain (lipid) along with the polysaccharide portion, confirming the glycolipid nature of the biosurfactant. The stability of the biosurfactant produced in different conditions was significant. Increasing concentration of BS significantly inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm.

Conclusions: N. coubleae can be a representative of the genus Nocardia for the production of biosurfactants with beneficial physicochemical properties.
Effects of Ovariectomy-Induced Estrogen Deficit on Rat Behaviour, Lipid Metabolism, Inflammation, Bone Mineral Density, and Turnover
Authors: Georgieva Antoaneta , Eftimov Miroslav , Todorova Milena , Kuzmanova Vasilena , Kuzmanov Atanas , Kuzmanov Krasimir , Vlaskovska Mila , Valcheva-Kuzmanova Stefka
Published: June 2021

Aim: The objective of the present study was to make a complex evaluation of behaviour, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and bone turnover in an ovariectomized rat model used to simulate postmenopausal clinical findings.Materials and methods: Female Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups of 16 animals each: sham operated (SO) animals and ovariectomized (OVX) animals. Three months after the operation, a battery of behavioural tests was performed including an open field test (OFT), elevated pus-maze test (EPM), the social interaction test (SIT), the forced swim test (FST), and a hot plate test (HPT). At termination of experiment, weight gain and fat deposits (total and retroperitoneal) were measured. Serum concentrations of blood lipids were determined. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) serum concentrations were used for evaluation of the inflammation and bone turnover, respectively. Femur bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.Results: OVX rats did not demonstrate any significant behavioural changes in OFT and EPM tests but showed a decreased interaction time in SIT and an increased immobility time in FST test which indicated anxiety and depression. The OVX rats had a significantly lower pain sensitivity threshold. They had greater weight gain, increased total and retroperitoneal fat deposits, as well as elevated total fat/body weight and retroperitoneal fat/body weight ratios. Blood cholesterol, ALP and TNF-alpha of the OVX group were also significantly higher. Femur BMD of OVX rats was slightly but not significantly reduced.Conclusions: Estrogen deficiency in OVX rats caused depression, anxiety, hyperalgesia, obesity, dyslipidemia, and inflammationbefore the reduction in bone mineral density was prominent.
Steroid and fatty acid contents from the leaves of Carica papaya
Authors: Devmurari Vishvraj V. , Patel Poojaben P. , Jadeja Rajeshreeba A. , Bhadaniya Cameykumari P. , Aghara Priti P. , Patel Anilkumar S. , Tala Satishkumar D. , Savant Mahesh M. , Ladva Kartik D. , Nariya Pankajkumar B.
Published: June 2021

Aim: To extract and identify the non-polar entities from the leaves of Carica papaya, a plant used for medicinal purpose as folk medicine.

Materials and methods: Petroleum ether extract of the Carica papaya leaves was used for this study. Saponification process and methylation process was performed to separate fatty acids and unsaponifiable matters. Phytochemical constituents were separated using chemical process and separated fractions were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS).

Results: The chemical composition of the steroids, triterpenoids and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in leaves of Carica papaya, which were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). A total of 15 fatty acid components were identified in saponifiable matter, from unsaponifiable portion 2 steroids (campesterol, β- or γ-sitosterol), 1 triterpene (squalene), and 1 diterpene (phytol) were identified.

Conclusions: The results indicate that the extract is rich in non-polar compounds. In this study, GC-MS method is at the central focus for identification of these phytoconstituents. The current method can be used for direct analysis of non-polar entities of plant material.
A rare case of primary adrenal lymphoma
Authors: Shabunin Alexey V. , Grekov Dmitry N. , Lebedinsky Ivan N. , Evsikov Andrey I. , Covantev Serghei , Afanaseva Varvara A.
Published: June 2021

Adrenal gland incidentaloma (incidental – sudden, accidental) is a mass of the adrenal gland(s), accidentally detected by an instru-mental examination conducted for other reasons. The frequency of detection of this pathology based on computer tomography of the abdominal organs is 0.5%–2%. In most cases, the mass is represented by adrenocortical adenomas without hormonal secretion. It is an extremely rare case (less than 1% of all cases) when the adrenal incidentaloma is a primary adrenal lymphoma, which accounts for 1% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas and 3% of all extranodal lymphomas with a few cases reported in the literature. In our article, we present a case of left adrenal incidentaloma of the adrenal gland, which, during further observation and examination, increased in size, which was the reason for performing laparoscopic adrenalectomy. According to the results of the histological examination, the mass turned out to be diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Initial experience in the field of pediatric percutaneous nephrolitholapaxia in Bulgaria
Authors: Dorosiev Emil , Minova Gabriela , Pelov Teofil , Mladenov Boris
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Pediatric urolithiasis is a very specific and challenging problem in the field of modern urology. Currently, there are three major methods for kidney stone removal: the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), the retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), and the percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), the latter one proving to be an efficient and safe monotherapy of stones even with larger burden. Different sizes of nephroscopes are used (standard, mini, micro), where smaller size is logically correlated with safer profile, especially in pediatric population.

Aim: To analyze the initial experience in using PCNL in children for the treatment of kidney concrements – rates of successful stone removal and registered complications.

Materials and methods: Twenty-six PCNL procedures of 25 children were performed – both standard and mini. The age ofpatients, size of the stones, operating time, changes in hemoglobin levels, duration of hospital stay, and the postoperative complications were recorded, analyzed and compared to data reported in current relevant literature.

Results: The mean age of patients was 9±5.2 years (15 boys and 10 girls). The average size of concrements subjected to nephrolitholapaxia was 16±0.7 mm, most of the cases being single stones. The average operative time was 150±33.4 min, and the average hospital stay was 4.1±1.5 days. The percentage of stone free children postoperatively was 94%. Complications included blood loss requiring transfusion in 1 patient (4%), postoperative urinary tract infection and fever (2 patients), and self-limiting hematuria in 16%.

Conclusions: PCNL is an effective and safe alternative in the management of nephrolithiasis in children. It is a method of choice for the treatment of concretions not suitable to treat with extracorporeal lithotripsy and after a qualitative selection of patients.
Novel Coronavirus – a Challenge in Diagnosing and Timely Treatment, and its Impact on Population Health Status
Authors: Peneva Pavlina A.
Published: June 2021

In 2019, the world faced another of the potentially deadly viruses affecting humanity. The new virus, COVID-19, was extremely virulent when it first appeared, with aggressive behaviour toward people unprepared at the time to deal with the infection.Months later, we already know much about its pathophysiology, but new and unknown pathophysiological aspects of the disease are revealed in time. The clinical picture is not unequivocal at times, with symptoms quite unlike those we have previously considered normal in respiratory infections tending to appear. There have been reports of an increase in the frequency of neoplasms or disease progression due to delayed treatment. Treatment of COVID-19 is still a mirage, and people are struggling with the implications for recovery, the health and economic crisis, and the psychological effects of traumatic stress.
Evaluation of consumer behaviour on the Internet under the conditions of pandemic shock based on search activity in the luxury segment
Authors: Gerasimenko Valentina V. , Golovanova Ekaterina
Published: June 2021

The article provides an overview and assessment of consumer trends that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic from both a global and local perspective (Russia). The authors investigate perception of change and adaptive consumer behaviour, as well as the tactical capabilities of luxury brands interested in expanding the market while maintaining a premium brand with its values and history.

First of all, the market in the luxury segment is shown through the lens of changes that have arisen in consumer behaviour in connection with the development of digital technologies. Taking this factor into account, the authors study the reactions of consumer behaviour that appeared in the new pandemic reality, and with the use of statistics of search queries based on Google and Yandex data, they show how global trends are manifested in the Russian market.

The study reveals that against the background of global trends in consumer behaviour there was a more significant adaptation of the Russian population to new conditions, and in some cases specificity of consumer behaviour manifested itself in the local market at different stages of the dynamics of coronavirus spread. Based on the analysis of new trends, recommendations are given on what technologies luxury brands can use in the conditions of pandemic decline in the Russian market to match consumer requests in new realities. The research may be of interest to marketing and management professionals, as well as researchers in this field of sociology and industry management.
La maltraitance dans la relation mère-fille… ou la répétition du « meurtre d’un enfant » à l’adresse d’un Autre
Authors: Govindama Yolande , Ledrait Alexandre
Published: June 2021

Cet article aborde, à partir de la répétition des maltraitances sur enfant dans la relation mère-fille, la fonction du processus de cette répétition selon la théorie freudienne et lacanienne dans un dispositif de soin dans le cadre de la pjj . Une vignette clinique met en évidence que l’insistance de la répétition du fantasme d’infanticide dans la généalogie féminine ne se réduit pas à la narration du traumatisme infantile mais devient une interrogation à l’adresse du Grand Autre pour se définir comme sujet désirant, différent, afin de se soustraire à ce fantasme. Si cette demande sous-jacente à cette répétition n’est pas entendue par les professionnels, les institutions qui sont mis à l’épreuve, dans le transfert et le contretransfert, au profit de la fonction victimaire chez le sujet, les réponses apportées dans la réalité ne pourront que contribuer à assurer la jouissance mortifère de ce dernier dans la transgression, mettant en échec la fonction symbolique de la Loi. Les auteurs montrent, à travers l’efficacité du transfert et de la fonction symbolique de la Loi, que la psychanalyse sans divan peut s’adapter à une clinique du réel, clinique qui peut parfois réinterroger la théorie.