bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growing Up in a Violent Home: The Lived Experience of Daughters of Battered Women
Authors: Humphreys Janice C.
Published: March 2007

Although children of battered women have received increased attention in recent years, little is known about the lived experience of growing up in a home in which the mother and possibly others are regularly abused. To better understand the family as context, life histories were collected from 10 resilient adult daughters who had grown up in violent homes. This report of the biological, social, cultural, and psychosocial dimensions of their experience reveals lives in which tension, fear, and episodes of violence were pervasive. Although not invulnerable, these daughters of battered women were able to maintain a sense of self and live rewarding lives, despite concerns about stigma and retribution.
A Developmental Model of Health and Nursing
Authors: Allen F. Moyra , Warner Marguerite
Published: March 2007

This is the last article written by Moyra Allen prior to her death in 1996. Allen believed that nursing has a vital role to play in reorienting the Canadian health care system to goals more appropriate to our rapidly changing society—the development of healthful living styles, healthy families, and healthy communities. First, she argued, we must separate the ideas of health and illness. Health is fundamentally a social phenomenon, a way of living or behaving that is readily communicated within such institutions as the family and across groups through the media and community life. She asked: What are the resources that families/groups require to recognize and develop their potential for healthful living? How can professionals work with families in this process? In this article, she lays out an organizing plan or model with which to seek answers to these questions and the inquiry process through which the model-building process evolved.
The Content of African American Mothers' Discussions with their Adolescents about Sex
Authors: Dilorio Colleen , Hodkenberiy-Eaton Marilyn , Maibach Edward , Rivero Teresa , Miller Kim
Published: March 2007

Using afocus group approach, the investigators sought to explore the role of African American mothers in the education of their adolescents about sexuality including the provision of factual information and transmission of values. A focus group guide was developed and was used by a trained facilitator to direct discussions in three focus groups conducted during a 1 -week period. Participants in thefocus groups were mothers who had at least one adolescent between the ages of 13 and 15. A total of 29 mothers participated in the groups. All interview data were transcribed, and analysis was conducted using the constant comparative approach. Three major themes emergedfrom the analysis: "The Big Talk," "Sex Is Killing Now," and "Don't Let Them Know It's Embarrassing." Thefindings revealed that mothersfelt they talkedfrequently with their adolescents about sexual issues, butfelt that their sons were less likely than their daughters to discuss sexual concerns with them. Popular topics of discussion with daughters included menstruation and pregnancy; with boys, condom use. Participants expressed concern about the negative consequences ofteen sex including pregnancy, contraction of sexually transmitted diseases, and the human immunodeficiency virus.
Effects of Patient Marital Status and Parental Status on Nurses' Cognitions and Behaviors
Authors: Ganong Lawrence H. , Coleman Marilyn
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of information aboutfemale patients' marital and parental statuses on nurses' (1) initial impression of patients, (2) interpretations of patient characteristics and behavior, (3) data gathering about patients, and (4) oral responses to patients. Nurses employed full-time on inpatient units were given a written description of a patient who was complaining of a vaginal discharge prior to viewing a videotaped interview of the patient by a nurse. Predicted behaviors did not relate to patient's marital/parental status, but judgments and evaluations made about married and remarried women differed from those made about single women. Data gathering was not influenced by marital and parental statuses of the patient, but oral responses were. The marital status of a woman with a vaginal discharge of unknown etiology affected nurses'oral responses to the patient's comments, often in ways that suggested nurses were using the marital status information toform hypotheses about the patient.
Beyond a Service Model of Care: Health Promotion and the Enhancement of Family Capacity
Authors: Hartrick Gwen
Published: March 2007

The evolutionary changes that have occurred in health promotion throughout the past two decades, and the knowledge gained through these changes, have important implications for the practice of family nursing. Of particular importance is the distinction that has been made between a service model of health care and the promotion of health. This article compares and contrasts family nursing thatfocuses on the servicing of health problems with health-promoting family nursing that emphasizes the enhancement offamily capacity. This comparison includes an examination of the differing philosophical foundations underlying service provision and health promotion and an exploration of the contrasting interests that govern the nursing practices within each approach.
Living the Question of Family Nursing
Authors: Hartrick Gwen
Published: March 2007

Poststructural theory contends that the patterns and ways of talking and using language (discursive practices) create the social structures, meanings, and relations that ultimately construct people's everyday lives. This article discusses the relevance of poststructural ideas for family nursing. The influence of language and discourse on the thinking and practices within family nursing is discussed, and the significance of language in transforming the isomorphic patterns offamily nursing is highlighted.
Establishing and Sustaining a Family Nursing Center for Families with Chronic Illness: The Wisconsin Experience
Authors: Anderson Kathryn Hoehn , Valentine Kathleen
Published: March 2007

Illness has a significant impact on the family. Uncertainty, health-related changes, financial concerns, fears, role changes, and family changes are sources of stress for families during chronic illness. In a large regional medical complex serving rural Wisconsin communities, excellent medical care for diseases exists. However, a consistent way to assist families to cope with illness and the family illness responses did not exist. The Family Nursing Center (FNC) was created to provide family intervention services by advanced practice nurses to entire families to assist them to cope with chronic illness and its ramifications. This article focuses on the process of establishing an independent FNC in a large medical complex. Integration of the FNC into the operations of the medical complex, efforts at sustainability in a physician-dominated referral system, identification offamily chronic illness issues, outcomes offamily nursing interventions, systemic evaluation outcomes, andfuture plans are discussed.
Scientific Mobility
Authors: MAHROUM SAMI
Published: March 2007

This article argues that scientific mobility has, as a part of its function, enhanced scientific expansion and the formation of gravity centers in science. Through the mobility of scientists, scientific traditions that are embodied in certain schools or departments expand to embrace other spatial sites of science and include them in their social spaces. The article uses geographical discourse to presume a relationship between mobility, scientific expansion, and scientific change. In doing so, it seeks to improve our understanding of the contribution of scientific mobility to the formation of scientific legitimacy and institutional credibility.
Disseminating a Treatment Program to Outpatient Addiction Treatment Agencies in Ontario
Authors: CUNNINGHAM JOHN A. , MARTIN GARTH W. , COATES LESLIE , HERIE MARILYN A. , TURNER BONNIE J. , CORDINGLEY JOANNE
Published: March 2007

Sixty outpatient addiction treatment agencies in Ontario, Canada, participated in a case study exploring the factors related to the adoption of research-evaluated treatment technologies. The agencies received free training in a manual-based, brief outpatient treatment program. At a twelve-month follow-up period, managers were interviewed to assess the proportion of agencies using the treatment package and the factors encouraging or discouraging their agencies' use of the program. While the dissemination was a success (49 percent of agencies had used the treatment program and 83 percent had used at least some of the tools), questions remain as to why some agencies adopted the treatment package while others did not.
An Exploratory Study of the Impact of News Headlines on Genetic Determinism
Authors: CONDIT CELESTE M. , FERGUSON ALEX , KASSEL RACHEL , THADHANI CHITRA , GOODING HOLLY CATHERINE , PARROTT ROXANNE
Published: March 2007

Critics have suggested that news headlines about genetics with inappropriately deterministic content will produce increased levels of determinism in the public, even when news article contents are not highly deterministic. This might result from a replacement effect (headlines stand in for the content of the article because few people read it fully) or from a framing effect (headlines frame the interpretation of the article content). A quantitative impact study and an interview method were used to test the impact of the framing effect in a news article on genes and diabetes. This exploratory study found no support for a framing effect. Directions for future research are discussed.
The Aldo Leopold Leadership Program
Authors: GOLD BARRY D.
Published: March 2007

The Aldo Leopold Leadership Program (ALLP) was begun in 1998 to better prepare environmental scientists to engage with the public and interact with the media. ALLP fellows learn skills that will enable them to better understand the various communities in which environmental science is used and to more effectively share their knowledge of environmental science with media representatives, policymakers, and the private sector. This article describes the training and some of the activities of the ALLP fellows.
Commissions and the Use of Social Science Research
Authors: Louis Karen Seashore , Perlman Robert J.
Published: March 2007

Social scientists are increasingly involved in the work of appocnted commissions. As advisers, consultants, or members of such bodies, social scientists may have an oppor tunity to promote the use of social science knowledge in the policymaking process. Based on existing literature, a model for analyzing the behavior of commissions is developed, and the role of social science in the model is discussed. The model is then applied to the case of Boston's Safe Schools Commission. Data on how social science was used by this commission are used to suggest several modifications to the model Despite many constraints that prevent commissions from taking full advantage of social science, it is concluded that they frequently provide a significant vehicle for increasing the influence of social science on policy.
The Zeitgeist of Innovation
Authors: Kuehnel Timothy G. , May Philip R.A. , Liberman Robert P.
Published: March 2007

There are those who believe that we are already doing all that is necessary in knowledge transfer, or that publications in academic journals will take care of the problem. Some even express alarm and concern lest knowledge be disseminated too rapidly or prematurely. Some of us, however, were led, encouraged, and stimulated by Howard Davis's vigor and enthusiasm to conceptualize this as a problem to be investigated and assessed in a scientific manner, and, further, as a social necessity and a responsibility, even as a challenge to channel our natural rebelliousness into developing a methodology for dealing with resistance to change and innovation.
Using Experiments in Knowledge Utilization Research
Authors: Coursey David H.
Published: March 2007

Experiments are relatively uncommon in knowledge utilization research compared with nonexperimental methods. This article reviews the perceived weaknesses and strengths of experimental methods and discusses possible uses of experiments in knowledge utilization research.
Contexts of Knowing
Authors: Silverman Robert J.
Published: March 2007

Contexts of knowing are differentiated into four types through the constructs of "regulativeness" and "constitutiveness." The strength of these constructs is suggested through their tacit or explicit use in the social study of science. The value of the differentiation is noted through the consequences of the model for our understanding of scientific misconduct.
Intellectual Property in International Relations
Authors: KARANI PATRICK , OJWANG JACKTON BOMA
Published: March 2007

This article explores how the integration of intellectual property in international relations could facilitate the transfer of technology from the North to the South. The role of technical and development cooperation among countries is imperative to international relations. International relations enhance cooperation among countries and make possible the inflow and outflow of capital goods and services among cooperating countries. Today, people think about the North as having control over advanced technologies revolving around intellectual property, which deals with specialized issues and which is governed by such specialized branches of law as industrial property law and copyright law. Considering the fact that issues pertaining to technologies are invariably an integral part of any policy designed to achieve sustainable development at all levels, integrating intellectual property discussion in international relations could facilitate acquisition of expired patents by developing countries for accelerated expansion of their social construction.
Postcard, Letter, or E-Mail? What's the Best Way to Obtain a Reprint?
Authors: HARTLEY JAMES
Published: March 2007

This article compares the response rates and the average response times for three methods of obtaining journal reprints from colleagues. In the first study, requests for reprints were sent by postcard, letter, or a letter enclosing additional material for the reprint author. The response rates (approximately 66 percent) and the average times to reply did not differ significantly. In the second study, requests for reprints were sent by postcards or by electronic mail. The response rate was approximately 75 percent for both forms of request, but replies were received somewhat faster to electronic mail requests.
Dissemination in a Time of Great Change
Authors: BACKER THOMAS E.
Published: March 2007

Dissemination and utilization strategies need to be reshaped to be effective during a time of great change. Following discussion of the complex patterns of change facing society at the end of the twentieth century, six challenges to dissemination and potential responses are presented. All share the need to address thoughtfully the human dynamics of change—a main challenge for the field of dissemination and utilization in the century ahead.
Medicaid Nursing Facility Reimbursement Methods: 1979-1997
Authors: Swan James H. , Harrington Charlene , Clemeña Wendy , Pickard Ruth B. , Studer Liatris , deWit Susan K.
Published: March 2007

This article describes state Medicaid nursing facility reimbursement methods and rates in 1979-1997, using data derived from telephone surveys of state Medicaid reimbursement. The 1980s saw shifts toward prospective methodology. The late 1980s and early 1990s were characterized by adoption of casemix methods. The early 1990s also saw fewer changes in methodology with a hiatus in the mid-1990s followed recently by renewed changes to methodology. Medicaid per diem rates have increased faster than inflation but less rapidly than general health costs. The repeal of the Boren Amendment may now allow states to institute greater cost controls or moratoria on rate increases. Despite states’ tendencies to follow one another’s examples, Medicaid reimbursement remains diverse nationally, with wide differences in policies and rates.
Self-Insuring Employee Health Benefits
Authors: Garfinkel Steven A.
Published: March 2007

Self-insurance is a popular way to fund employee health benefits, but it presents a potential barrier to state health insurance reform initiatives because self-insured health plans are able to avoid state regulation. Thus it is important to understand why employers self-insure. This study tests an explanatory model of self-insurance, using data from the 1989 Survey of Health Insurance Plans. Models predicting self-insurance are estimated for private employers and for all health plan sponsors, including public employers, unions, and trade associations. The author found a threshold for self-insuring among private employers at about 100 employees and another at about 200 workers when all health plan sponsors were considered. Plans with union members are more likely to be self-insured. Self-insurance is more likely in the presence of alcohol treatment mandates but less likely with mental health mandates.
The Quality of Care of International Medical Graduates: How does it Compare to that of U.S. Medical Graduates?
Authors: Mick Stephen S. , Comfort Maureen E.
Published: March 2007

This article reviews the literature on the quality of care provided by foreign-trained physicians (international medical graduates or IMGs) compared with that of U.S. medical graduates (USMGs). As concerns are raised about IMGs in the U.S. physician workforce, there are suggestions that IMGs do not deliver care equal in quality to that of USMGs. The review of process and outcome studies finds little support for this claim. However, lower IMG levels of performance on structural measures of quality like credentialing examinations exist and may indicate quality differences. Because no consistent evidence exists that there is a connection between IMG test scores and process or outcome measures of quality of care, whether test scores matter in clinical practice and its outcome is uncertain. Until research shows the contrary, one should be cautious in accepting IMG-USMG quality arguments to support policy to reduce the size of the IMG component of the physician workforce.
Tracking the State Children’s Health Insurance Program with Hospital Data: National Baselines, State Variations, and Some Cautions
Authors: Friedman Bernard , Jee Joanne , Steiner Claudia , Bierman Arlene
Published: March 2007

State and federal agencies are concerned with the impact of the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) on the health care of enrolled children. As part of a broad program evaluation, and at relatively low cost, analysts can track data on hospital admissions for ambulatory care sensitive (ACS) conditions. This article uses hospital data for 19 states to calculate baseline ACS rates and to discuss trends and cross-state variations just prior to the start of the CHIPs. A few cautions and limitations are discussed. An unexpected result in the exploration was a substantial increase in the rate of ACS admissions for self-pay and Medicaid-enrolled children during the period of 1990-1995. During that same period, the admission rate for other insured children fell by more than a third. The comparisons across states are meant to be illustrative; they do reveal a relationship between the rate of asthma admissions and the proportion of self-pay plus Medicaid-enrolled cases.
Child Abduction: An Overview of Current and Historical Perspectives
Authors: Boudreaux Monique C. , Lord Wayne D. , Etter Stephen E.
Published: March 2007

This article summarizes research findings in the area of child abduction. Topics addressed include incidence rates and operational definitions of child abduction (legal and social), victim and offender characteristics, and motivation (e.g., maternal desire, sex, retribution, profit, and desire to kill). Risk factors for child abduction are discussed including offender reports of victim selection methodology. Practical application of research findings are considered including the development of more scientifically sound, effective child safety training programs and improved investigative resource management and search methodologies.
Ethnicity, Income, and Parenting Contexts of Physical Punishment in a National Sample of Families with Young Children
Authors: Wissow Lawrence S.
Published: March 2007

Nearly half of U.S. parents use physical punishment for child discipline. Although some studies relate physical punishment and later dysfunction, others suggest that its effects depend on the context in which it is used. The authors analyzed data from the Commonwealth Fund Survey of Parents With Young Children, a national sample of 2,017 parents with children younger than 3. Parents reported their use of spanking, five other disciplinary practices, and four nurturing interactions. The authors used cluster analysis to define four groups of parents with distinct patterns of discipline and nurturing. Two groups with above-average use of spanking shared a high prevalence of parent depressive symptoms and a low level of nurturing but had markedly different demographic profiles and use of nonphysical punishment. Parents who used average levels of spanking made frequent use of nonphysical disciplinary strategies and had high levels of nurturing interactions. Parents who reported below-average spanking had relatively low levels of both disciplinary and nurturing interactions.
Ethnicity in Child Maltreatment Research: A Content Analysis
Authors: Behl Leah E. , Crouch Julie L. , May Patricia F. , Valente Angelina L. , Conyngham Heather A.
Published: March 2007

The present study represents a content analysis, of 1,133 articles published between 1977 and 1998 in Child Abuse & Neglect, Child Maltreatment, and Journal of Child Sexual Abuse was performed. Although there were indications of increased attention to ethnicity in child maltreatment research published between 1977 and 1998, the improvements were modest. Of the 1,133 articles examined, 6.7% focused on ethnicity. The percentage of studies that provided information on the ethnic composition of samples increased across time; however, only half of the studies published in the most recent years examined (1995-1998) reported information on the ethnicity of the participants. Although the percentage of articles that used ethnicity in analyses or as a control variable increased across time, three quarters of the articles published in the most recent years examined (1995-1998) did not include ethnicity in their analyses or design.
The Long-Term Sequelae of Childhood Sexual Abuse in Women: A Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Neumann Debra A. , Houskamp Beth M. , Pollock Vicki E. , Briere John
Published: March 2007

The authors conducted a meta-analytic review of the relationship between a history of child sexual abuse (CSA) and psychological problems in adult women in 38 studies meeting rigorous research criteria. Across all symptoms, a significant association was found between history of CSA and adult symptomatology. Analysis of the role of moderating variables indicated the associations were stronger among subjects recruited from clinical populations. When individual symptom domains were examined, anxiety, anger, depression, revictimization, self-mutilation, sexual problems, substance abuse, suicidality, impairment of self-concept, interpersonal problems, obsessions and compulsions, dissociation, posttraumatic stress responses, and somatization all yielded significant associations with sexual abuse. These results are discussed in light of their relevance to research methodology and clinical intervention.
Findings from Research on Children's Suggestibility and Implications for Conducting Child Interviews
Authors: Reed L. Dennison
Published: March 2007

The primary purpose of investigations of suspected child maltreatment should be to arrive at valid conclusions about the “truth” of the matter. Determinations about whether child maltreatment has occurred are often based, at least in part, on the perceived reliability of the statements of the suspected child victim. This has given rise to questions about children's suggestibility and the impact of various child interview practices on the reliability of children's statements. Recent research has attempted to address some of these questions in a more “ecologically valid” fashion than did earlier research. This article summarizes pertinent research relating to children's suggestibility and discusses the implications of this research as it relates to child interview practices. Specific suggestions are offered for minimizing suggestibility effects and maximizing the reliability of children's statements during child interviews.
Taint Hearings to Attack Investigative Interviews: A Further Assault on Children's Credibility
Authors: Myers John E. B.
Published: March 2007

Prosecution plays an important role in protecting children from sexual abuse. In such litigation, defense attorneys frequently attack the way children are interviewed by professionals. The attack on interviews assumed new dimensions with the New Jersey Supreme Court's 1994 decision in State v. Michaels, where the court created a procedure that allows defense attorneys to request pretrial taint hearings to challenge investigative interviews of children. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of taint hearings as well as the legal standard that should govern such hearings. The article concludes with a call to increase the number of professionals who are qualified and willing to serve as expert witnesses to defend competent interview practices.
Sexually Abused Children Suffering Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: Initial Treatment Outcome Findings
Authors: Deblinger Esther , Lippmann Julie , Steer Robert
Published: March 2007

This study examined the differential effects of child or non-offending mother participation in a cognitive behavioral intervention designed to treat posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other behavioral and emotional difficulties in school-aged sexually abused children. The 100 participating families were randomly assigned to one of three experimental treatment conditions—child only, mother only, or mother and child—or to a community control condition. Pre- and post-treatment evaluation included standardized measurement of children's behavior problems, anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms as well as of parenting practices. Two-by-two least-squares analyses of covariance were used to compare outcome measures. Results indicated that mothers assigned to the experimental treatment condition described significant decreases in their children's externalizing behaviors and increases in effective parenting skills; their children reported significant reductions in depression. Children who were assigned to the experimental intervention exhibited greater reductions in PTSD symptoms than children who were not. Implications for treatment planning and further clinical research are discussed.
A Typology of Family Abduction Events
Authors: Plass Peggy S.
Published: March 2007

This article is designed to address definitional and conceptual difficulties associated with the understanding of family abductions. A typology of family abduction events is proposed that (a) will contribute to a clearer and more unified definition of the phenomenon itself; (b) reflects and accommodates the full continuum of events—indeed, allows for the view of family abductions as a continuum, varying in degrees of seriousness yet with underlying commonalities; (c) is based on characteristics of the event itself and not of the participants in the event or of its outcomes; and (d) is useful in predicting variations in characteristics of events.
Changing the Social Ecologies of Adolescent Sexual Offenders: Implications of the Success of Multisystemic Therapy in Treating Serious Antisocial Behavior in Adolescents
Authors: Swenson Cynthia Cupit , Henggeler Scott W. , Schoenwald Sonja K. , Kaufman Keith L. , Randall Jeff
Published: March 2007

Current treatment models for adolescent sexual offenders are individually oriented and have limited empirical support. These models may not be effective in reducing recidivism because they do not address the multiple factors (i.e., individual, family, peer, school) related to sexual offending. Multisystemic therapy (MST), an ecologically based treatment model that addresses multiple determinants of behavior, has proven effective with chronic, violent nonsexual offenders in several randomized trials. Preliminary research also indicates promise for MST with sexual offenders. This article: (a) presents empirical support for use of an ecological approach with adolescent sexual offenders based on a multidetermined etiology, (b) provides a theoretical and clinical description of MST, and (c) describes a recent adaptation of MST that maintains the ecological emphasis of MST and integrates important conceptualizations from the literature on adolescent sexual offending.
Child Sexual Abuse: Expert Testimony in Swedish District Courts
Authors: Gumpert Clara H. , Lindblad Frank , Johansson Anna
Published: March 2007

This study investigated the participation of expert witnesses (psychological, psychiatric, and medical) in criminal cases regarding allegations of child sexual abuse in Sweden. All criminal cases (n = 648) from 1985, 1989, and 1992 were reviewed with regard to the participation of expert witnesses, their professional backgrounds, and conclusions. Logistic regression models were applied to the data to explore factors associated with expert witness participation, and factors associated with a conviction against the defendant's denial, respectively. The majority of psychological experts supported the abuse allegations. The use of expert witnesses for psychological issues decreased (25%, 25%, and 15% of the cases each year). The results provide a descriptive platform for psycholegal practices in child sexual abuse cases in Sweden.
Thiamin and Riboflavin Retention in Meats Cooked Uncovered and in Oven Film
Authors: McMullen Elsa A. , Cassilly Joan P.
Published: March 2007

The purpose was to determine thiamin and riboflavin retention in retail cuts of turkey, beef, and pork, either wrapped in cooking film or unwrapped. Five replications of roasting meats by electric, gas, or electronic heat were made. Moisture content of all samples was determined and thiamin and riboflavin analyses were made by standard fluorometric procedures. Shear force values were recorded from cores taken in three positions of a cooked sample. Data were analyzed by three‐way analysis of variance.

Conventional cooking required five times the cooking time used for electronic cooking. Wrapping of meats increased cooking losses with conventional ovens; however, moisture losses from meats cooked unwrapped by electronic heat were significantly higher than by any other method.

Thiamin and riboflavin retention of the cooked meats did not vary significantly whether the samples were cooked wrapped or unwrapped. Shear force values appeared lowest in meats cooked in film by electric heat; values differed according to the position in the cut.
Housing Values, Aspirations, and Satisfactions as Indicators of Housing Needs
Authors: McCray Jacquelyn W. , Day Savannah S.
Published: March 2007

The major purposes of this study were to identify the housing related values, aspirations, and satisfactions of a group of randomly selected low‐income rural residents living in private dwellings and a group of randomly selected low‐income urban residents living in public housing; and to explore the usefulness of Maslow's theory of human motivation to an understanding and assessment of human needs related to housing.

The interpretation of the findings as they related to the Maslow framework suggested that the public housing units provided for the physiological needs of the residents, but that deficiencies in environmental factors such as location, community services, and social aspects of the milieu frustrated satisfaction of the higher order needs.
Interdisciplinary Research: Have We Lost Our Focus?
Authors: Horn Marilyn J. , Nickols Sharon Y.
Published: March 2007

The field of home economics was founded upon a philosophy of conducting research with colleagues from other disciplines toward the goal of improving family life. Over the years, the development of specialized areas contributed to the specificity of problems addressed by home economics researchers, and we have failed to see the most obvious connections that ought to be made between and among the various fields within home economics itself. It is suggested here that home economics ought to take the lead in the development of a holistic research methodology because: (1) it is built upon a philosophical foundation for the study of interrelationships; (2) it has a history of addressing pragmatic problems; (3) it has a nucleus of experienced researchers; and (4) it has a conceptual orientation and structure for interdisciplinary research. The challenges to cooperative research approaches are presented, along with an explanation of the potential benefits and rewards.
The Computers Are Coming, The Computers Are Coming: A Study of Human‐Computer Social Interaction
Authors: Feinberg Richard A. , Walton Kathy M.
Published: March 2007

The proliferation of computers in schools, offices, retail establishments and homes suggests that computers are already affecting the way we work, learn, and live. As programs are developed which enable these machines to perform in a more humanlike manner, obscuring the line between human and machine, we may become less and less willing to take the risk of revealing something about ourselves to anything other than a neutral piece of machinery. This study addressed a fundamental question: Are people more willing to disclose personal information to a computer or to a person? Forty individuals responded to requests for intimate or nonintimate personal information from a computer or another person. It was predicted and found that personal disclosure was greater to a computer on highly intimate issues. Personal disclosure is vital for enlightened self‐development, friendship formation, and physical and psychological health. These findings suggest that computers deserve careful consideration as powerful psychological and social agents prior to inviting them into our lives. As consumer and family researchers, home economists are in an advantageous position to recognize, understand, and mold the influence computers will have on us.
Research in Home Economics Education: Past Achievements, Present Accomplishments, Future Needs
Authors: Wallace Sharon A. , Hall Helen C.
Published: March 2007

Research provides the basis for the accumulation of knowledge in any field. Scruggs and Radar (1981) narrow that definition for home economics education: “The function of research in home economics education is to contribute new knowledge for continuing development of many types of educational programs conducted by home economists” (p. 268). Since the Lake Placid Conferences, research has had a significant role in the development of the profession. Home economics educators have long recognized the importance of research to estab lish a sound theoretical base. “A look forward at research in home economics must be based on our past accomplishments and projected toward filling the gaps and anticipating future needs” (Adams, 1959, p. 12). This article applauds the many people, institutions, and events of the past 75 years which have con tributed to the continuing development of the research base in home economics education. First will be a review of the early history of home economics education research (the 1930s through the 1960s), followed by a summary of current research efforts of the 1970s and 1980's, and finally, suggestions for future research as we move from the 75th year of AHEA to the centennial celebration of the profession.
Characteristics of Home Economics Researchers
Authors: Gorman Anne M. , Scruggs M. Marguerite
Published: March 2007

This study describes researchers in home economics and characteristics associ ated with their research productivity using data from the 1979 AHEA survey. The 737 researchers were all of the 16,894 respondents who reported research was a major function in their employment and who were employed full‐time for 9 to 12 months. The researchers included 7.3 percent males. Based on the modes, the researchers are characterized as having doctoral degrees, being in the home economics education area of home economics, being employed in colleges or universities, and being professionally experienced. Their research productivity was assessed by three measures: a research involvement score; number of con tracts and grants obtained; and research dissemination score. Significant differ ences were found among groups of researchers on all three measures of research productivity.
Home Economics Research: A Macro View
Authors: Green Kinsey B.
Published: March 2007

Home economics research has a long history of public support, albeit inade quate. Major problems which limit research productivity in the profession are lack of a critical mass of researchers; limited funds and a narrow funding base; lack of cost‐benefit studies; limited networks among researchers; inadequate dissemination of results, especially to the ultimate beneficiaries; inequities among specializations; and lack of a comprehensive approach to research issues. Home economics as a profession has strengths with which to attack those prob lems: an interdisciplinary mission orientation, expertise of committed re searchers, credibility with the public, precedents for public support, vehicles in place for strong networks between researchers and the public, and ownership of avenues for dissemination of results. Recommendations include priority on in terdisciplinary research, early identification of potential researchers and research administrators, support for benchmark data collection on the state of the art, utilization of the existing conceptual frameworks, aggressive advocacy for ex panded funding, and establishment of AHEA and AHEAF as the lead agency in stimulating, coordinating, and supporting home economics research.
Residential Energy Research: Progress and Potential
Authors: Bauer Jean W. , Badenhop Suzanne B.
Published: March 2007

This article reviews selected residential energy (nonrenewable sources) research by home economists and others in closely related fields of psychology, sociology, economics, marketing, and engineering. The review is centered on the theoret ical framework, if any, and the findings of the research. Much of the research does not use a theoretical framework and is single discipline in nature, as op posed to interdisciplinary. Articles are grouped and linked together in relation to the type of research: consumption as it relates to appliances, clothing, and struc tures; the attitudinal, perceptual, and behavioral research; and policy research. Very few of the articles report research in the context of the family system and the larger system that influences energy management within the family unit. Future directions recommended by the researchers are broadly categorized. The authors challenge future researchers to work toward interdisciplinary research to help solve some of the problems present in current residential energy research. An extensive set of references is included.
Factors Related to College Women's Perception of Employment
Authors: Weber Joseph A. , Miller Mary G.
Published: March 2007

The growth in the number of females entering the labor market prompts college women to view career opportunities as a viable option for their future. A sample of 571 college freshmen women and 531 college senior women enrolled in a college of home economics at a major midwestern university provided the nec essary information relating to perception of employment. The objective of this study was to examine the importance of family and personal factors influencing a college female's perception of employment. Chi‐square analysis was performed to show the association between the independent factors (11 family variables and three personal variables) and the dependent variable (perception of employ ment). Factors showing a significant relationship with the dependent variable were mother's employment status, mother's occupation, mother's educational level, student's age, and sorority membership. Correlation coefficients were also used to show the strength and direction between the dependent and indepen dent variables. Analysis of the findings suggest that mothers are extremely im portant role models for their daughters. Mothers who are employed outside the home, have professional careers or skilled jobs, and have a college degree are significantly more likely to have daughters who see themselves as labor force participants during their adult lives. This study implies mothers who worked in more prestigious jobs and attained higher degrees of education were more in fluential on a daughter's career directions than other mothers.
Male and Female Style Preference and Perceived Fashion Risk
Authors: Lubner‐Rupert Jacqueline A. , Winakor Geitel
Published: March 2007

This research compared fashion preferences of males and females and the types of risk that they perceived in both men's and women's clothing styles. Thirty married couples responded to drawings of six men's suits and six dresses using a semantic differential and full forced‐choice paired comparison. Polar adjectives were selected to describe temporal quality of styles and specific types of per ceived risk. Males and females ranked clothing for themselves and for the other sex in the same order of preference and classified styles into the same temporal categories. Most‐preferred and least‐preferred garments were described using the same words; preferences for suits and dresses were associated with aesthetic appeal and performance risk. Males and females differed in their descriptions of the aesthetic appeal and economic risk of the garments. Both sexes judged the aesthetic appeal of styles for the other sex more favorably than that of styles for themselves. Males and females differed in their perceptions of money risk but not in their perceptions of performance risk. These differences could contribute to conflict between husbands and wives about clothing choices for each other and the cost of garments.
Housing Conditions And Satisfactions of Central Appalachian Coal Miners
Authors: Goss Rosemary Carucci , Day Savannah S.
Published: March 2007

Data on conditions of and satisfaction with housing of the Appalachian coal miner were examined to determine relationships between housing deprivation, housing satisfaction, and various demographic and housing characteristics. A proportionate random sample was selected from rank‐and‐file coal miners em ployed at mines located in McDowell County, West Virginia. A questionnaire was developed, pilot tested, revised and mailed to 687 miner families. A total of 438 usable questionnaires (63%) were returned. Findings revealed the majority of miners in this study were not housing deprived; however, they lacked some amenities enjoyed by workers of similar incomes in other geographic locations. Miners were generally satisfied with their housing and exhibited more satisfaction with housing variables than with community variables. Housing deprivation was significantly correlated with housing satisfaction: as housing conditions improved so did housing satisfaction.
Appearance Performance of Fusible Interfacing Fabrics Attached to Home Sewn Cotton Blouses
Authors: Warnock Mary M. , Cotton Mary E.
Published: March 2007

A wear study was conducted to evaluate the appearance performance of five selected fusible interfacing fabrics of either a light or heavy weight, nonwoven, 50/50 nylon‐polyester, or 45/45/10 nylon‐polyester‐rayon, each with a polyamide adhesive agent applied by the pinpointing method; or a 100 percent nylon knit with a polyamide adhesive applied by spray coating, attached to the front areas of 70 shirt‐style, 100 percent cotton blouses and having a durable press finish. Thirty‐five women wore the same two blouses for 25 eight‐hour periods. Three textile technicians rated both the interfaced and the fabric side of the front areas of the blouses on a scale of one (least desirable) to five (most desirable) for the appearance parameters of blistering, puckering, strike‐back, strike‐through, and delamination after five, 10, 15, 20, and 25 times of wear and laundering. Analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test were used in the analysis of the data. The appearance performance of the blouse front areas interfaced with the 100 percent nylon knit fabrics was equal to or significantly (p < 0.05) more de sirable irrespective of fabric side or number of wear and launderings than those blouse front areas interfaced with the other fabric types.
Preparation and Practices of Secondary Family Life Education Teachers in Home Economics and Other Disciplines
Authors: Koblinsky Sally A. , Weeks John R. , Cooke Gwen C.
Published: March 2007

This study investigated the academic background and instructional practices of California family life education (FLE) teachers from home economics and other disciplines. A total of 661 principals and 415 teachers in schools with a ninth and/or tenth grade completed surveys examining teacher and course characteristics. Principals reported that approximately half of the FLE teachers in the state held credentials in home economics. Teacher reports concerning academic prepara tion indicated that home economics teachers were significantly more likely than teachers in all other areas except nursing to have obtained preservice training in family life, and to have attended continuing education courses and conferences on the subject. However, home economics teachers were significantly less likely than their colleagues in health, physical education, and nursing to have acquired preservice training in health. Teachers from all disciplines provided coverage of numerous FLE topics in their curricula, with home economics teachers handling significantly longer courses and being more likely to address communication, decisionmaking, marriage, and family issues than teachers from the other areas. FLE programs tended not to be broadly evaluated, but home economics teachers differed significantly from their colleagues in their greater use of measures of student satisfaction. Implications of the findings for preservice and inservice preparation of secondary home economics teachers are discussed.
Critical Approach to Family Research: An Illustration
Authors: Watters Margaret E.
Published: March 2007

Jurgen Habermas' theory relating to systems of action was used in Brown and Paolucci's examination of the professional practice of home economics (1978). As a follow‐up, the same critical theory basis was used in an attempt to analyze the dynamic focus of home economics‐the family‐as a means of exploring the potential of the theory to promote understanding of family activities. A tentative framework for characterizing family activities was derived from Habermas' writ ings. A case study of a family provided empirical data which were used interac tively with the framework to generate themes to be used as the basis for iden tifying systems of action in the family. The research illustrates that the theory was appropriate for reflecting on the nature of family activities in this case and that it offers scope for understanding the problems of “family” in a sociohistorical perspective, thus facilitating the addressing by professionals of real issues of families in their everyday lives.