bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Employer-Employee Data: New Resources for Regional Data Analysis
Authors: Lane Julia , Stephens Bryce
Published: June 2006

Confidentiality-protected and integrated employer-employee microdata—including worker and firm demographics, worker attachments to firms, earnings, and precise coding of location of place of work and place of residence—have been used to investigate a variety of questions in economics and demography. The rich geographic dimension of these integrated microdata, however, has yet to be fully exploited by the regional science community. This article describes the structure, applications, and confidentiality protections of integrated employer-employee microdata housed at the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) Program at the U.S. Census Bureau. The LEHD Program makes use of administrative records from nearly the entire universe of existing firms and workers for forty participating states. The broad coverage of economic agents in conjunction with the precise coding of geography makes the data particularly suitable for addressing issues in urban and rural economic development, agglomeration and growth, economic geography, and spatial econometrics.
Regional Analysis Using Census Bureau Microdata at the Center for Economic Studies
Authors: Davis James C. , Holly Brian P.
Published: June 2006

Regional science research requires data sets with detailed geography. Dissemination of data sets with sufficient geographic specificity challenges statistical agencies in terms of protecting respondent privacy. The U.S. Census Bureau first released decennial census microdata in the 1960s. Today, public versions of largely demographic surveys enjoy widespread use but limit the geographic detail of individual observations. With business data, firm and establishment distributions are highly skewed, preventing release of public use microdata versions. To support its own statistical programs by giving external researchers access to internal versions of public use data files, the Census Bureau created the Center for Economic Studies (CES) and a national network of Research Data Centers (RDCs). This model permits researchers access to confidential economic and demographic data under secure, controlled conditions. This article describes the CES-RDC enterprise, provides descriptions of available data sets and their spatial identifiers, and outlines issues and challenges facing the RDC network.
Is There Really an Export Wage Premium? A Case Study of Los Angeles Using Matched Employee-Employer Data
Authors: Breau Sébastien , Rigby David L.
Published: June 2006

This article investigates the effects of exporting on wages, specifically the claim that workers are paid higher wages if they are employed in manufacturing plants that export vis-à-vis plants that do not. Past research on U.S. plants has supported the existence of an export wage premium, though European studies dispute those results, calling for more care in econometric investigation to control for worker characteristics. The authors answer this call by developing a matched employee-employer data set linking worker characteristics from the one-in-six long form of the Decennial Household Census to manufacturing establishment data from the Longitudinal Research Database. Analysis focuses on 1990 and 2000 data for the Los Angeles Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area. Results confirm that the average wage in manufacturing plants that export is larger. However, after controlling for worker characteristics such as age, gender, education, race, and nationality, the export wage premium vanishes. That is, when comparing workers with similar characteristics, there is no wage difference between exporting and nonexporting plants. These results concord with recent findings from Europe and elsewhere.
1.5 Million Missing Numbers: Overcoming Employment Suppression in County Business Patterns Data
Authors: Isserman Andrew M. , Westervelt James
Published: June 2006

Missing data frustrate research and limit our understanding of regional economies. County Business Patterns annually provides employment data for all U.S. counties and states at the most detailed industrial level, but two out of every three employment statistics are missing. In rural areas, this percentage is higher still. To protect the rights of employers to confidentiality, the U.S. Census Bureau has not disclosed the number of employees in 1.5 million cases in the 2002 data. Instead, it offers a suppression flag that represents an employment range. This article presents a two-stage method for replacing all the flags with employment estimates. Taking advantage of the hierarchical nature of the data both by industry and geography, the first stage identifies the smallest possible range for each suppressed number. Ensuring that employment adds up correctly up and down the industrial and geographical hierarchies, the second stage iteratively adjusts all the estimates until millions of constraints are met. The procedure simultaneously considers all industries in all counties, states, and the nation to produce a complete data set, which is available to the research community on the Internet.
Kant's consistency regarding the regime change in France
Authors: Clewis Robert R.
Published: June 2006

Can it be consistent to be interested, for moral reasons, in the fact that uninvolved spectators of a regime change are enthusiastic about that change, when the latter is carried out according to means considered immoral or unjust? Yes. In ‘An Old Question Raised Again’ ( The Conflict of the Faculties, 1798), Kant demonstrates a morally based interest in disinterested spectators’ expressions (aesthetic judgments) of enthusiasm for the idea of a republican form of government. This interest is puzzling. Kant's universalizability test supposedly forbids the violent revolutionary means taken to establish the republican constitution. How can the Kantian, if consistent, take an interest in expressions of enthusiasm elicited by these immoral events? In addition to endorsing the familiar means/ends distinction, this article provides a new answer to this question by examining the enthusiasm in which Kant takes an interest: it is a pure aesthetic judgment of enthusiasm, made by a disinterested, impartial spectator.
The ethics of Rortian redescription
Authors: Frazier Brad
Published: June 2006

Certain features of Richard Rorty's account of liberal irony have provoked serious moral criticisms from some of his peers. In particular, Rorty's claim that anything can be made to look good or bad by being redescribed has struck some philosophers, such as Richard Bernstein and Jean Bethke Elshtain, for instance, as morally outrageous. In this article, I examine these criticisms and clarify the meaning and implications of Rorty's position. I argue that a more careful reading of Rorty reveals that his position is not morally objectionable or depraved. Instead, the idea that anything can be made to look good or bad by being redescribed is an important insight that fosters tolerance, moral imagination and novel self-creation. In the concluding sections of this article, I address as well possible tensions between Rorty's account of redescription and his endorsement of truthfulness and the role that his private–public split plays in alleviating these tensions.
Hegel between non-domination and expressive freedom
Authors: Allen Michael P.
Published: June 2006

Hegel may be read as endorsing a republican conception of freedom as non-domination. This may then be allied to an expressive conception of freedom not as communal integration and non-alienation, but rather as the development of new powers and capabilities. To this extent, he may be understood as occupying a position between nondomination and expressive freedom. This not only informs contemporary discussions of republicanism and democracy, but also suggests a ‘capabilities solution’ to the otherwise intractable problem of the rabble.
A Tribute to Susan Schechter
Authors: Danis Fran S.
Published: June 2006

The battered women’s movement lost a great leader and visionary when Susan Schechter died of endrometrial cancer in 2004. Schechter’s legacy reminds advocates for battered women of how efforts to develop safe places for battered women began, the context of those times, how far we have come, and how far we still have to go. Her pioneering work in the area of the overlap between child maltreatment and adult domestic violence and services to children who are exposed to domestic violence has left the social work profession with a challenging agenda that must be met to create safety for all women and children
Spiritual and Religious Abuse
Authors: Bent-Goodley Tricia B. , Fowler Dawnovise N.
Published: June 2006

Domestic violence reportedly affects more than 5 million Americans each year, more than 85% of whom are women. Many of these women turn to their faith-based communities for support and guidance, but little is known about how the church members they turn to perceive or understand domestic violence. This article reports the outcomes of three focus groups in three diverse communities of faith in the African American community that resulted in a better understanding of how church leaders and congregants view spirituality and religion and how they converge with domestic violence. Implications for research and practice are presented for domestic violence intervention
Fostering HOPE
Authors: Sosulski Marya R. , Cunningham Angela , Sellers Sherrill L.
Published: June 2006

In this article, the authors analyze the experiences of one participant in HOPE, a pilot program that supports teenage mothers who want to pursue a college education. Using feminist standpoint and social capital theories, the analysis explores the meaning of themes that are interwoven throughout four narratives about family, education, college/dreams, and HOPE. Some emergent themes, such as key relationships and client-centered learning environments, are well known; others, like the client’s perception of ambivalent social messages about mother-student roles and the function of mentoring in the development of critical thinking, are less recognized but essential to extending theory about academic decision making
Adolescent Latinas’ Adaptive Functioning and Sense of Well-Being
Authors: Turner Sandra G. , Kaplan Carol P. , Badger Lee W.
Published: June 2006

As a result of poverty, discrimination, and immigration and acculturation stress, adolescent Latinas in the United States often struggle with low self-esteem, depression, suicide attempts, and school dropout. Drawing from two studies conducted by the authors, this article discusses factors that are related to the adaptive functioning and sense of well-being of adolescent Latinas, the roles played by mother-daughter mutuality, and the supports offered by after-school programs
Mothers’ Child Caregiving and Employment Commitments and Choices in the Context of Rural Poverty
Authors: Reschke Kathy L. , Walker Susan K.
Published: June 2006

This qualitative study explored the work and child caregiving commitments and choices of 69 women with options limited by poverty and rural living. Four groups of women with distinct patterns of commitment to working and child caregiving varied in the ways in which they achieved caregiving-work arrangements that were congruent with these commitments. Mothers who were constrained not only by economic and geographic limitations but also by multiple personal challenges emerged as particularly distressed. Variations in caregiving and work commitments call for variation in family and employment supports; implications for social work policy and services are discussed
Becoming “One of the Girls”
Authors: Larson Nancy C.
Published: June 2006

In the lesbian community, there are many women who entered same-sex relationships in midlife after previously identifying as heterosexual. This article reviews the state of knowledge regarding this unique group of women. Attention is given to the impact of this life-changing event on the woman; her relationships with family members and friends; her awareness of status-related oppression; and the process of becoming a cultural insider given her new identity. Suggestions are included for providing support to women who are undergoing the transition and for future research with this understudied population
Chicks Aren’t Chickens
Authors: Fram Maryah Stella , Miller-Cribbs Julie , Farber Naomi
Published: June 2006

This article describes the marital and domestic violence experiences of poor women in South Carolina in the context of an orthodoxy of conservatism. Drawing on Bourdieu’s scholarship, the authors present a conceptual framework that is based on the concepts of habitus, orthodoxy, and heterodoxy. The interpretation of the qualitative and quantitative data connects the observed behavioral phenomena with the structural, cultural, and political factors that sustain them. The article ends with a discussion of the implications of the findings and the debate on marriage promotion
Hand Dermatitis Risk Factors Among Clinical Nurses in Japan
Authors: Smith Derek R. , Adachi Yasuko , Mihashi Mutsuko , Kawano Sayuri , Ishitake Tatsuya
Published: June 2006

The purpose of this study was to establish hand dermatitis (HD) risk factors among Japanese nurses. A questionnaire was administered to 1,162 clinical nurses, from whom 860 replies were received (response rate of 74.0%). Their overall HD prevalence was 53.3%. Several risk factors were identified: using latex gloves (odds ratio [OR] 1.9), allergies in adulthood (OR 2.7), urticaria as an adult (OR 1.5), atopic dermatitis as an adult (OR 2.7), any allergies to latex products (OR 5.2), skin irritation following contact with latex (OR 4.1), contact dermatitis following contact with latex (OR 3.5), family history of hay fever (OR 1.6), and family history of atopic dermatitis (OR 1.9). The use of hand cream was associated with a 50% reduction in HD risk (OR 0.5). In this study, we found that Japanese clinical nurses suffer a significant occupational burden from HD. As such, it is essential that hospital managers consider interventions to reduce this troublesome occupational disease among clinical nurses in Japan, as elsewhere.
Psychometric Properties of the Post-Fall Index
Authors: Gray-Miceli Deanna L. , Strumpf Neville E. , Johnson Jerry , Draganescu Mirela , Ratcliffe Sarah J.
Published: June 2006

Evaluation and prevention of falls begin with a thorough understanding of their occurrence. Post-fall assessment (PFA) tools should be available to sufficiently guide nursing staff in identification of all possible causes. Absence of empirically tested PFA tools led to the development of the Post-Fall Index (PFI). Developed and validated in three phases, a 76-item PFI was first tested for content validity by national experts. Next, it was tested for feasibility with registered nurses practicing in nursing homes. Last, it was piloted with a sample of 30 falls by older residents of a skilled nursing unit in a continuing care retirement community. Review of data from these 30 falls provided the item analysis. Reflective of evidenced-based guidelines, a 30-item PFI emerged, containing essential items causing falls. Although lengthier than incident reports, its comprehensiveness was deemed of higher value. Large absolute agreement of items (70%-100%) indicates good interrater reliability. The PFI is valid, reliable, and feasible and has clinical utility for the secondary prevention of falls.
HIV/AIDS Peer Counselors’ Perspectives on Intervention Delivery Formats
Authors: Messias DeAnne K. Hilfinger , Moneyham Linda , Murdaugh Carolyn , Phillips Kenneth D.
Published: June 2006

This research sought to elicit HIV/AIDS peer counselors’ perspectives about delivery formats for a counseling intervention. Peer counselors identified personal contact as the major advantage of the face-to-face format. Personal contact afforded counselors better opportunities to understand and assess clients’ physical, emotional, and environmental status and allowed them to connect with peers in more concrete and personal ways. Being physically present was also a very direct and effective way to role model for other HIV-positive women. Peer counselors identified a number of inherent barriers and challenges to telephone interventions but also recognized potential logistic and personal advantages. Despite the overwhelming preference for the face-to-face intervention format, counselors acknowledged the potential for conducting successful peer counseling over the telephone. A significant finding was that the value and meaning of HIV/AIDS peer counselors’ work transcended the limitations of either delivery format.
Cultural Standards, Power and Subversion in Cross-cultural Psychotherapy
Authors: Rechtman Richard
Published: June 2006

In a creolizing world, psychotherapy is challenged by the growing influence of cultural standards, systems of meaning and idioms of distress supported by new groups who play a major role in public health policies. While these elements were originally introduced in psychotherapy with ethnic minorities both to improve the patient–doctor relationship and to bring relevant material from patients' cultural background, they also became a way to empower nonwestern patients in western health care systems. When in the 1980s it became possible to readdress the issue of power in psychiatric practice, something had already changed in the social regulation that psychiatry should endorse. In this article, the author focuses on the new legitimated social and cultural values that underpin the therapeutic process. While obviously these new values should be taken into account, the aim for psychotherapy remains to find a path for a ‘subversive’ practice that could be something more than just following social guidelines.
Group Counseling and Psychotherapy Across the Cultural Divide: The Case of Ethiopian Jewish Immigrants in Israel
Authors: BenEzer Gadi
Published: June 2006

Effective counseling across a cultural divide depends on adaptations or changes of technique to suit the particular intercultural circumstances. The concept of mutual creative space provides a guiding principle for therapists who wish to make such changes. This space is ‘negotiated’ between the therapist/counselor coming from the ‘dominant/mainstream’ group within society, and the group participants who arrive from another culture. Mutual creative space consists of the negotiation of power and a process of mutual invention, incorporating the creation, by therapist and participants, of something new that did not exist in either of their cultures of origin. A meaningful encounter and effective group counseling can take place following the negotiation of such a creative space. This is illustrated by the example of intercultural group work with Ethiopian Jewish immigrants in Israel, including an analysis of cultural characteristics of the Ethiopian group and specific ways of negotiating mutual creative space in this case. Issues discussed include: establishing trust in the cross cultural context; the use of body language and its interpretation; the psychologist as an authority figure; active participation vs. hidden learning; and working with dreams in such groups.
Colonialism and Countertransference: Two Cases of the Sexual Abuse of Women by Doctors
Authors: Littlewood Roland
Published: June 2006

The presentation of encounters with two migrant doctors with a past history of extreme sexual exploitation of their female patients presents an uncomfortable coming together of cultural observation, medical ethics and therapeutic transference. Colonial and postcolonial stereotypes evoked by their actions are briefly considered.
Characteristics of Vietnamese Patients Attending an Anxiety Clinic in Australia and Perceptions of the Wider Vietnamese Community about Anxiety
Authors: Wagner Renate , Manicavasagar Vijaya , Silove Derrick , Marnane Claire , Tran Viet Thang
Published: June 2006

This article examined the causes underlying low utilization of mental health services by Vietnamese immigrants in Australia. Study 1 examined cases of Vietnamese patients who had attended an anxiety disorders clinic, while Study 2 surveyed Vietnamese people in the community on their knowledge and attitudes towards common mental problems. Results from Study 1 showed that Vietnamese patients had significantly higher attrition rates, and presented with a larger number of nonanxiety disorders than their Australian-born counterparts. Study 2 results indicated that many Vietnamese people did not differentiate clearly between the terms ‘stress’, ‘anxiety’ and ‘depression’. Additionally, many participants felt that there was a generally negative cultural attitude towards people suffering from these problems and the mental health system itself. These outcomes suggest the importance of education for ethnic communities regarding available mental health facilities and treatments offered, as well as specific information on mental illness to help remove stigma.
Somatic and Depressive Symptoms in Female Japanese and American Students: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Arnault Denise Saint , Sakamoto Shinji , Moriwaki Aiko
Published: June 2006

The present study examined the relationship between common somatic symptoms and depression in samples of Japanese and American college students. Fifty Japanese and 44 American women completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and rated 56 somatic-distress items for 7 days. Japanese had higher levels of somatic distress than Americans. ANOVA of somatic distress by BDI-level revealed that the High BDI Japanese group reported 26 somatic symptoms (including stomach ache, dizziness, and shoulder pain) with significantly higher means when compared with the low BDI group. High BDI Americans had a significantly higher mean for joint pain compared to the Low BDI group. The importance of the body in transcultural psychiatry is explored, and implications for primary and mental health care are discussed.
Lay Concepts of Depression among the Baganda of Uganda: A Pilot Study
Authors: Okello Elialilia S. , Ekblad Solvig
Published: June 2006

The literature indicates that although depression is highly prevalent, it is rarely recognized as such. The aim was to test the use of case vignettes in exploring the explanatory models of various subtypes of depression, in six individual interviews, and four focus-group discussions. Depressive symptoms presented in these vignettes seem to be conceptualized as a problem related to cognition (thinking too much) rather than emotion (sadness) and the resulting condition is referred to as ‘ illness of thoughts.’ Worrisome thoughts resulting from various socioeconomic problems are seen as important aetiological factors for the illness of thoughts and require no medication as it is believed that there is no medication for thoughts. There are culturally accepted ways of dealing with and healing the condition. Once illness becomes recurrent or chronic, other explanations about causes and a different course of action have to be considered. Further exploration of the relationship between thoughts and emotions among the Baganda may be an important avenue for further research.
The Purse Is Not Enough
Authors: Hood Matthew
Published: June 2006

This article examines the labor supply of the top golfers on the American PGA tour from 1997 to 2003. Three hypotheses are proposed about the participation rates of these players to show that the purse alone is not enough to explain entry. The participation rate proves to be influenced by the characteristics of other tournaments and seasonal effects. The participation rate and the purse are shown to have an endogeneity problem. And players prefer to play golf tournaments that they have played in before and played well.
Research Notes: Measuring Parity
Authors: Cain Louis P. , Haddock David D.
Published: June 2006

We present a metric to calculate the idealized standard deviation (ISD) in the event that ties are possible and receive points in team-sport league standings. Our aim is to raise some issues regarding the customary application of that concept in leagues that do not employ a binomial system for determining rankings, to suggest that the reciprocal of the ISD may be a more intuitive construct if the intent is to represent parity, to provide scholars with a set of ISDs, and to suggest some interesting topics that arise from a quick perusal of the time series.
Contingent Valuation of Sports
Authors: Johnson Bruce K. , Mondello Michael J. , Whitehead John C.
Published: June 2006

Past research measures the nonmarket benefits of sports stadiums and arenas but does not address the issues of temporal embedding or ordering effects. Temporal embedding exists if survey respondents do not differentiate between payment-period lengths and leads to unrealistic implicit discount rates. Multiple scenarios with alternative sports teams can lead to ordering effects that influence the nonmarket value of teams. This study elicits annual payments over different fixed time horizons (e.g., 5 or 10 years) for two teams in a city with a single professional sports team. We find that willingness to pay is sensitive to the length of the payment period. In one of two cases the ordering of the scenario weakly affects willingness to pay.
Research Notes: The Designated Hitter, Moral Hazard, and Hit Batters
Authors: Bradbury John Charles , Drinen Douglas
Published: June 2006

The rate of hit batters in the American League (AL) has exceeded the National League (NL) by an average rate of 15% per season since the introduction of the designated hitter (DH) to the AL. This difference may be the result of moral hazard by AL pitchers; however, past studies have been unable to differentiate between competing explanations. Using game-level statistics from the entire 31-year history of the DH, we find the DH to be positively correlated with hit batsmen while controlling for many factors. Results indicate that the difference in hit batsmen between leagues is real and that moral hazard explains about one half of the difference. Observations from interleague play further support the notion that the results are not an artifact of unidentified league-specific factors.
New Issues in Attendance Demand
Authors: Forrest David , Simmons Rob
Published: June 2006

This articles uses an attendance demand model with panel data on more than 4,000 games to examine economic problems of fixture congestion in English Football League schedules. We find that televised, midweek Champions League matches involving English Premier League clubs have substantial adverse impacts on lower division Football League gate attendance. This suggests that affected clubs may have a case for compensation from the Premier League for loss of gate revenue from this source. Scheduling of home games close to one another also has an adverse impact on attendance. Reorganisation of fixture schedules and/or redistribution of income would help offset adverse impacts on team revenues from midweek scheduling.
Neuronal Implementation of Hippocampal-Mediated Spatial Behavior: A Comparative Evolutionary Perspective
Authors: Bingman Verner P. , Sharp Patricia E.
Published: June 2006

The hippocampal formation (HF) of mammals and birds plays a strikingly similar role in the representation of space. This evolutionarily conserved property, however, belies the contrasting spatial ecology of animals such as rats and homing pigeons, differing spatial ecologies that should have promoted the evolution of group-specific adaptations to the HF representation of space. However, the spatial response properties of pigeon and rat HF neurons reveal surprising similarity in the contribution of position, direction, and trajectory toward explaining spatial variation in firing rate. By contrast, the asymmetrical distribution of neuronal response properties in the left and right HF of homing pigeons, but not rats, indicates a difference in network organization. The authors propose that hippocampal evolution may be characterized by inertia with respect to changes in the basic spatial elements that determine the response properties of neurons but considerable plasticity in how the neuronal response elements are organized into functional networks.
Perception of Emotional Prosody: Moving Toward a Model That Incorporates Sex-Related Differences
Authors: Everhart D. Erik , Demaree Heath A. , Shipley Amy J.
Published: June 2006

The overall purpose of this article is to review the literature that addresses the theoretical models, neuroanatomical mechanisms, and sex-related differences in the perception of emotional prosody. Specifically, the article focuses on the right-hemisphere model of emotion processing as it pertains to the perception of emotional prosody. This article also reviews more recent research that implicates a role for the left hemisphere and subcortical structures in the perception of emotional prosody. The last major section of this article addresses sex-related differences and the potential influence of hormones on the perception of emotional prosody. The article concludes with a section that offers directions for future research.
Repairing Failures in Bonding Through EMDR
Authors: Madrid Antonio , Skolek Susan , Shapiro Francine
Published: June 2006

Maternal-infant bonding is an intense emotional tie between mother and infant that often begins during pregnancy and continues after birth. Prolonged physical separation from one’s infant or traumatic interference can sometimes impede this process, leading to a lack of bonding. Whereas many medical procedures and illnesses can cause mother and child to become separated immediately after birth and affect bonding, other causes of emotional separation may be somewhat more difficult to identify. Nevertheless, maternal trauma has been identified as one such form of emotional separation that can interfere with bonding. This article illustrates the application of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for addressing bonding difficulties related to trauma issues. EMDR is an integrative psychotherapy that uses a standardized eight-phase approach to treatment and is a well-accepted treatment for trauma. Although more research is needed, this case suggests that EMDR may be an appropriate and efficient treatment for bonding difficulties
Application of CBT in an Inpatient Setting
Authors: Abramovich Evelyn
Published: June 2006

The following case illustration demonstrates the utility and scope of the cognitive-behavioral modality in treating coexisting Axis I and Axis II symptoms in an inpatient setting. The client, who is referred to as “Jim,” presented for treatment in an acute state at an inpatient hospital. He complained of severe anxiety and depression and reported suicidal ideation with intent. After being stabilized, he was transferred as an inpatient to an intensive psychosocial rehabilitation program within the hospital where he began individual psychotherapy. Over the course of therapy, it became apparent that Jim was also exhibiting symptoms of dependent personality disorder, as well as features of other Axis II disorders. Based on Beck’s cognitive model, treatment was modified to account for the presence of the Axis II symptomatology. Therapy centered around helping Jim attain a sense of autonomy, reconstruct his maladaptive cognitive patterns, establish interpersonal relationships, and build a stronger support network
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Michael Kurt D.
Published: June 2006

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents is a prevalent condition with a number of adverse correlates and implications. The cognitive-behavioral treatment of an 11-year-old girl with prolonged tooth brushing is described in this case study. The frequency of the compulsive behavior was measured over the course of the treatment and standard assessment devices were used to determine the nature and severity of the OCD symptoms. Results of the intervention were suggestive of substantial improvements in OCD symptoms and a reduction in the associated impairments. The implications of these data were reviewed and recommendations for clinicians who intend on treating OCD in children and adolescents were provided
The Case of a 10-Year-Old Boy Presenting With Cognitive Delays and Behavioral Problems
Authors: Taube-Schiff Marlene , Serbin Lisa A.
Published: June 2006

Upcoming years will see an increase in the number of parents with developmental disabilities who are raising their children and living independently within the community. It is essential that these children receive proper social, health, and educational services. In some cases, parents with developmental disabilities may be unable to organize these services for their children. Therefore, health care professionals may need to become involved, ensuring that these children receive the proper interventions. This article illustrates the case of a developmentally delayed young boy whose parents, as a result of their own developmental challenges, were unable to ensure that their child was receiving essential services. However, with the proper assessment and interventions implemented by a psychologist at a university graduate training clinic, the appropriate educational, psychological, and social services were received. The challenges of this case are discussed as well as improvements observed in this child over a 1-year period
The Organizational Values of Gimnazija in Slovenia
Authors: Pang Nicholas Sun-Keung
Published: June 2006

This article assesses the organizational values of gimnazija in Slovenia and examines the factors that contribute to the building of quality management. The theoretical framework is built on Schein’s model of levels of culture, Sathe’s interpretation of organizational culture and Getzels and Guba’s model of organizational behaviour. Based on the data collected from a sample of 289 teachers from 23 gimnazija randomly selected in Slovenia, a 58-item instrument, the school values inventory (SVI), was developed. If school administrators are to build quality management in gimnazija, they should decentralize school management to the level of the teacher and emphasize rationality, participation, collaboration, collegiality, goal orientation, communication, consensus, professional orientation and teacher autonomy in their daily managerial practices
Satisfaction of Pre-service and In-service Teachers with Primary School Organization
Authors: Menon Maria Eliophotou , Saitis Christos
Published: June 2006

This article investigates and compares the satisfaction levels of pre-service and in-service primary school teachers with respect to school organization and administration. Primary data were collected through questionnaires completed by 315 pre-service teachers and 439 in-service teachers in Greece. The following six factors of school organization were identified: school climate, principal’s role, school organization, teacher incentives, role of superiors, and teachers’ role. According to the findings, the satisfaction ratings of pre-service and in-service teachers were significantly different on all of the above factors. Specifically, the satisfaction ratings of pre-service teachers were significantly lower than those of in-service teachers on all factors, except for the teacher incentives factor, where they were significantly higher. The article examines the implications of the findings for the job satisfaction of pre-service and in-service teachers and offers suggestions on measures that can be used to enhance the work motivation of teaching staff
Creating a Shared Understanding of Classroom Management
Authors: Midthassel Unni Vere
Published: June 2006

This article draws on a Norwegian project—in one primary and one lower secondary school—that had the aim of creating a shared understanding of classroom management and that resulted in a handbook on classroom management at each of these schools. Teacher reflection and teacher sharing were vital in this project initiated from the outside yet relying on bottom-up strategies. Three topics are studied: procedures of the projects, teacher experiences with procedures and teachers’ perceptions of learning opportunities in the project. Data was collected using interviews, questionnaire and log from the process. Results show that, although the main project work was carried out by the teachers the role of the principal was vital during the whole process. Furthermore, the findings of the project suggest organised work needs to continue after the project has ended
Managing the Role Stress of Public Relations Practitioners in International Schools
Authors: Bunnell Tristan
Published: June 2006

This article examines the diverse role and work of public relations practitioners in the growing body of international schools. It examines evidence of ‘role stress’ in the form of the subsets of role overload, role ambiguity, role conflict and role preparedness. Three particular aspects were identified. The role seems prone to change alongside the sudden and unplanned development of the school. An organizational culture of an informal, isolationist and highly individualistic nature seems to exist. The character of personality also seems to be a factor. Possible strategies for managing role stress are then discussed. The overall list of tasks might be cut, and some tasks delegated. A more detailed job description within a planned framework could be produced. A restructuring process within the school might simplify role diversification. These strategies seem to provide a forum for research and partnership for the newly emerging Alliance for International Education
Further Education Management Strategy and Policy
Authors: McTavish Duncan
Published: June 2006

The article contributes to the literature on the internal management of colleges and provides a research based analysis of the college sector in the wider public management interface of strategy, policy and service delivery. Internal college management showed considerable evidence of a strategic approach to management practice within colleges. At the public management level, the work was contextualized within debates regarding the reduced role of central state delivery of public services, the concomitant and sometimes divergent positions of strong central executive action and local partnership delivery of services. The research indicated an absence of strong central control with instances of individual institutional influence on policy. Local partnership activity, as a key part of the public management and governance environment, was analysed. It was found that not all types of partnership were equally effective. The paper highlighted a key area to be addressed, the strategic capacity gap within the sector. It also signposted the need for further research on college participation in partnerships
Porous Silver Monolith Formation Using a Hydrogel Template
Authors: Sisk Charlotte N , Gill Simerjeet K , Hope-Weeks Louisa J
Published: June 2006

We report the formation of a porous silver monolith via a novel one-pot, low-temperature reaction. This is achieved using silica hydrogel as an inorganic sacrificial template to control the resultant pore structure of the metal.
Unusual Temperature Effect on Induced Circular Dichroism of Charge-transfer Complex in Micelles
Authors: Nakagawa Hiroko , Masuoka Yuichi , Yamada Koh-ichi
Published: June 2006

In sodium tetradecylsulfate micelles, a charge-transfer (CT) complex of amphiphilic [5]thiaheterohelicene with a chiral tetranitrofluorenone derivative induced intense circular dichroism (CD) absorption. The CD intensity decreased by up to about one fourth with a temperature decrease from 40 to 17 °C, and this temperature dependence was completely reversible.
Beneficial Effect of TMSCl in the Lewis Acid-mediated Carboxylation of Aromatic Compounds with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Nemoto Koji , Yoshida Hiroki , Suzuki Yutaka , Morohashi Naoya , Hattori Tetsutaro
Published: June 2006

The Lewis acid-mediated carboxylation of aromatic compounds with CO2 is significantly promoted by the addition of a large excess of chlorotrimethylsilane (TMSCl) to give arylcarboxylic acids in good to excellent yields.
Three-Dimensional Crystal Structures of Illite-Smectite Minerals in Paleozoic K-Bentonites from the Appalachian Basin
Authors: McCarty Douglas K. , Reynolds Robert C.
Published: June 2006

The three-dimensional crystal structures of illite-smectite (I-S) in K-bentonite samples from the Appalachian Basin are characterized by rotational disorder in the stacking sequence of 2:1 illite layers, different proportions ofn60° rotations (as opposed ton120°) in the rotated layers, and layers with centrosymmetrictrans-vacant (tv) octahedral sites that are randomly interstratified with noncentriccis-vacant (cv) layers. The proportion ofcvinterstratification in the I-S increases with tetrahedral A1 and decreases with octahedral Mg and Fe content. The I-S minerals in the northern Appalachian basin K-bentonites are characterized by high (79% average) proportions of cv (Pcv) layers. In contrast, I-S from equivalent K- bentonites from the southern Appalachian basin has low Pcv values (38% average). These values do not correlate with expandability or rotational disorder. The geographic distribution of these I-S structural parameters may have resulted from possibly short-term, hot, and advective fluid migrations that differed in Mg concentrations and/or other physical and chemical parameters.
Properties and Acid Dissolution of Metal-Substituted Hematites
Authors: Wells M. A. , Gilkes R. J. , Fitzpatrick R. W.
Published: June 2006

The dissolution in 1 M HC1 of Al-, Mn-, and Ni-substituted hematites and the influence of metal substitution on dissolution rate and kinetics of dissolution were investigated. The inhomogeneous dissolution of most of the hematites investigated was well described by the Avrami-Erofe'ev rate equation, kt = √[-ln(l − α)], where k is the dissolution rate in time, t, and α is the Fe dissolved. Dissolution of Al-substituted hematite occurred mostly by edge attack and hole formation normal to (001), with the rate of dissolution, k, directly related to surface area (SA). Dissolution of rhombohedral Mn- and Ni-bearing hematites occurred at domain boundaries, crystal edges, and corners with k unrelated to SA. The morphology of Mn- and Ni-substituted hematites changed during dissolution with clover-leaf-like forms developing as dissolution proceeded, whereas the original plate-like morphology of Al-bearing hematite was generally retained. Acid attack of platy and rhomboidal hematite is influenced by the direct (e.g., metaloxygen bond energy, hematite crystallinity) and indirect (e.g., crystal size and shape) affects associated with incorporation of foreign ions within hematite.
Vermiculitization of Phlogopite in Metagabbro, Central Turkey
Authors: Toksoy-Köksal Fatma , Türkmenoğlu Asuman G. , Göncüoğlu M. Cemal
Published: June 2006

Dioctahedral vermiculite occurs in an isolated metagabbro klippe (Kurançalı Metagabbro) that belongs to the Central Anatolian Ophiolites from central Turkey. Both the metagabbro and the structurally underlying high-grade metamorphic rocks are intruded by granitic rocks. The Kurançalı Metagabbro is characterized by its well-developed compositional layering, and the presence of vermiculitized phlogopiterich layers. Petrographic and mineralogie studies show that the primary mineral phases in the host rock are diopside, tschermakitic hornblende, Fe-rich phlogopite, and plagioclase. Secondary minerals are hornblende, actinolitic hornblende, Fe-rich phlogopite, and vermiculite. A two-phase history of alteration involving acidic weathering and alkaline metasomatism is suggested for the dioctahedral vermiculite and secondary Fe-rich phlogopite, respectively. The alteration of phlogopite to dioctahedral vermiculite proceeded both along cleavage planes and at crystal edges. The vermiculite is colorless to pale yellow with weak pleochroism and shows optical continuity with the parent mineral. Vermiculite flakes, analyzed semi-quantitatively by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive analysis (SEM-EDS) and electron microprobe (EMP), are characterized by partially expanded interlayers, K depletion, and Mg and/or A1 enrichment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis-thermal gravimetric (DTA-TG) analyses indicate that phlogopite is not a pure phase, although it is the dominant one. The XRD patterns show the presence of both dioctahedral vermiculite having dehydrated interlayers and hydroxy-Al interlayers, and interstratified phlogopite-vermiculite. The transformation of phlogopite to vermiculite is thought to represent an initial stage of weathering in an acidic environment.
Experimental Clay-Mineral Formation from a Subvolcanic Rock by Interaction with 1 M NaOH Solution at Room Temperature
Authors: Drief A. , Nieto F. , Sanchez-Navas A.
Published: June 2006

The alteration process of a subvolcanic rock with calcic plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine as major components was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and analytical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM/AEM). Experimental interaction with 1 M NaOH solution led to the formation of dioctahedral beidellite to Fe-rich montmorillonite after 1 and 3 d of reaction. This range of smectite composition is similar to that from natural subvolcanic-derived soil formed from the same parent material. After 14 d of reaction, a berthierine-smectite (B-S) interstratified clay had partially replaced the smectite. Although, the presence of smectite interlayers prevented analysis of pure berthierine, berthierine-rich BS interstratifications have a composition similar to pure berthierine. After 40 d, the alteration process led to a 7-Å S interstratification whose composition falls between greenalite and lizardite. A series of amorphous materials were also found in the 14 and 40-d experiments. The most abundant of these is a Si-CaFe-rich material, whose chemical composition approaches that of the starting rock. In contrast, two other amorphous materials had a smectitic composition.
Methylene Blue Dimerization Does Not Interfere in Surface-Area Measurements of Kaolinite and Soils
Authors: Avena Marcelo J. , Valenti Laura E. , Pfaffen Valeria , De Pauli Carlos P.
Published: June 2006

Methylene blue (MB) was adsorbed from aqueous solutions onto a kaolinite and four soil samples to determine the effects of MB dimerization on the measured surface area. Adsorption isotherms were prepared using four adsorbing solutions containing, respectively, 9, 46, 71, and 83% of MB molecules in the dimeric state. Langmuir-type isotherms were obtained in each case. The results indicate that equilibration occurs quickly. The aggregation state of MB molecules at the surface does not depend on the aggregation state in the initial adsorbing solutions, but on the final equilibrium concentration of MB. A comparison with the specific surface area measured by adsorption of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether indicates that MB adsorbs as a monomer, regardless of the aggregation number in solution. This result occurs owing to the strength of monomer-surface and monomer-monomer interactions. If monomer-surface interactions are favored, the MB dimer adsorbs in the monomeric form. If monomer-monomer interactions are favored, dimer adsorption may occur. The visible spectra of adsorbed molecules indicated that MB was present at the surface as a mixture of monomeric and dimeric species. These results suggest that dimers are formed in the contact region between two aggregating particles.