bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of fuzzy logic for risk assessment of investment projects
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk national technical university of oil and gas, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, Rachkevych R.V. , Chudyk I. I. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk national technical university of oil and gas, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, Rachkevych I. А. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
Published: January 2023

Comparison of the stress-strain state of a drill-string section for two cases of its position in the well interval with a cavern is aim of the article. The drill pipe body is placed in the middle of a cavern in a first case and the drill pipe tool joint is placed in the middle of a cavern in a second case. The method of finite elements that is realized in the engineering simulation software is used for research. The precise geometrical parameters of the drill pipes including a upset part and a screw joint; the character of the contact between a drill string and a well side; the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock; acting of the weight, the axial force, the bending moment and the torque are considered in to account during the calculation. The results of the calculation show that difference between the magnitudes of the normal stress on the drill pipe surface for mentioned above two cases is 45%; the difference between maximal bending is 65%. Totally, our research shows that position of the drill string relatively to a well side with a cavern acts on its stress-strain state with another changeless conditions. It means that proposed in this article calculations are recommended for the dangerous well intervals. Keywords: drill string; stress; strain; cavern.
Geological model and prospects of oil and gas bearing deposits of the silurian complex of the Pechora sea shelf
Authors:   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Moscow, Russia, Dzyublo A. D. , Maslov V. V. ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Moscow, Russia, Sidorov V. V. ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Moscow, Russia, Zonn M. S. ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2023

The task of this work is the desire of the authors to draw attention to the problem of ac-celerating the pace of searches for promising Arctic objects on the shelf of the Pechora Sea and additional exploration of already discovered deposits in the Silurian oil and gas complex on the territory of the Varandei-Adzva structural zone (VASZ). The main result of the previously per-formed offshore exploration work is the identification of a new oil-bearing area in the eastern part of the Pechoromorsky shelf. Large oil fields have been discovered here: Prirazlomnoye, Varandey-sea, Medynskoye-sea, Dolginskoye. The proven reserves and resources of hydrocarbons (HC) allow us to assume that in the near future a new oil-producing area will be formed on the shelf of the Pechora Sea. In total, the initial raw oil resources in the Pechora Sea are more than 3500 mln tons. Keywords: Pechora sea; silurian oil and gas complex; silurian; oil.
Gender-Neutral Pronouns He and They
Authors:   Convergence English Language & Literature Association, Yoon Jung-hyoe
Published: January 2023

This paper attempts to investigate the Korean EFL students’ understanding of singular they in comparison with gender-neutral he. When it comes to the choice of third person singular pronouns in gender-indeterminant contexts, prescriptive grammar prefers gender-neutral he, while descriptive grammar recommends singular they, among other alternative pronoun forms. As grammar books and guideline sources gradually adopt singular they as a proper, or a better, pronoun candidate compared to gender-neutral he, an experimental study was designed to examine how Korean learners of English acquire this recent language change in EFL contexts. In a naturalness judgment task, the Korean EFL learners judged singular they in informal contexts as less natural than in formal contexts and even as unnatural when the antecedents included ‘every/any,’ though it has been reported that native speakers prefer singular they in informal contexts rather than in formal contexts.
A Cognitive Analysis of the Metaphor of Subject and Self in Great Expectations
Authors:   Convergence English Language & Literature Association, Choi Jae-you
Published: January 2023

This paper examines self, subject and cognitive neural network, showing that language of literature has a place in cognitive metaphor study. I raise some popular matters of the principle of metaphors; ‘cognitive linguistic metaphor theory’, self-subject metaphor more widely, inside the cognitive science of philosophical thought. The study of self-subject concerns the structure of our inner lives. Metaphor is a primary implement for understanding ourselves and our world, and entering into an contract with forceful metaphors is grappling in an important way with what it means to have a human life. I try to check up the cognitive linguistic metaphoric method of Great Expectations. As a result of analyzing, this research proposes that critical thought in consilience of the researches raised problems as to our basic principles and gave them fresh creative theories.
ENERGY POLICIES FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Husnah Nuzul , Arafah Willy , Santosa Budi , Nindita Radyati Maria R.
Published: January 2023

Lack of access to reliable, affordable, and sustainable energy sources can hinder individual and social growth, leading to poverty. It is necessary to conduct studies focusing on the energy sector to eradicate poverty in Indonesia and towards sustainable development. This research is combination research that combines quantitative and qualitative research with a sequential explanatory design. The research design uses a hypothesis testing method, which explains the effect of the independent variable, namely Energy, on the dependent variable, namely Poverty and Government Policy as a Moderation variable. A qualitative approach is content analysis on mapping central Government Policy related to Poverty Alleviation Regulations in Indonesia. The results of the study show that Energy has no significant effect on the Economy because Energy is a process that is not instantaneous. In the long term, it is proven that Energy significantly affects poverty alleviation. Government policies significantly moderate the influence of Energy on Poverty Alleviation. This means that the government budget in the Energy sector is significant in reducing poverty in Indonesia. In order to obtain more optimal results, effective and targeted efforts are needed, including sharpening energy subsidy targets, increasing local strength in creating renewable energy supplies, and utilizing New Renewable Energy (EBT) in various sectors more efficiently throughout Indonesia.
HUBUNGAN KEPATUHAN ANTENATAL CARE (ANC) DENGAN TERJADINYA PRE-EKLAMSIA
Authors: Sari Evin Noviana
Published: January 2023

Antenatal care merupakan program yang direncanakan berupa observasi, edukasi, dan pengobatan bagi ibu hamil. Pre-Eklamsia adalah hipertensi yang terjadi setelah 20 minggu kehamilan disertai proteinuria yang secara langsung disebabkan oleh kehamilan, walaupun tidak jelas bagaimana kejadiannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional, yaitu studi yang mempelajari dinamika hubungan antara variabel terikat dengan variabel bebas. Dalam penelitian ini sampel yang digunakan adalah 34 ibu hamil. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan chi square didapatkan p-value 1.000> 0.05. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar ibu hamil patuh terhadap kepatuhan antenatal care dan sebagian kecil ibu hamil tidak mengalami Pre-Eklamsia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kepatuhan antenatal care dengan kejadian Pre-Eklamsia.
The Role of Both Audit Rotation and Joint Audit on the Enterprise’s Value
Authors: Shokry Fawzy Mohamed Dr. Magdy
Published: January 2023

The criticism of the audit profession and the financial scandals are the main factor for the appearance of new legislation. The Joint audit considered a way to mitigate the threats that affect the auditor independence. Audit rotation can improve audit process quality because audit rotation has a positive effect on the independence of the auditor. The data included 34 companies in 14 sectors during five years: so there are two factors the first factor is the time in years and the second factor is the companies. This study included a dependent variable the value of a firm and 12 independent variables. Random effects model and fixed effects model were performed to caption the information of the data. There is a statistical evidence that the audit rotation has a significance effect on increasing the value of a firm and positive effect on the auditor independence; while the joint audit has a non-significance effect on the value of a firm and the auditor independence.
Cáncer de próstata con metástasis en pene
Authors: Gaibor José , Rocha Oswaldo , Calvache Jenny , Calderón Robalino Diana , Guerrero Santiago , Cisneros Esteban , Hidalgo Andrea
Published: January 2023

Las lesiones metastásicas en pene de carcinoma prostático son infrecuentes, menores al 0.3%. Los casos comunicados en la literatura son pocos. Esta manifestación suele ser de mal pronóstico y un signo de enfermedad avanzada con una supervivencia menor de un año. Presentamos el caso de un paciente en quien se constató un nódulo en el pene de progreso acelerado. Se comprobó metástasis de próstata y falleció 8 meses después de la penectomía total.
CONCEITOS PARA PENSAR A CRISE DA DEMOCRACIA REPRESENTATIVA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Bignotto Newton
Published: January 2023

Nosso ponto de partida é o fato de que a arena política mundial foi tomada nos últimos anos por uma série de movimentos de extrema-direita, que transformaram radicalmente a política mundial. No Brasil ocorreu o mesmo com a chegada de Bolsonaro ao poder. Ao longo desse artigo, vamos procurar indicar uma série de teorias, que podem ajudar a compreender os fenômenos recentes, que mergulharam algumas democracias representativas numa crise de grandes proporções. Nossa hipótese é que nenhuma das matrizes teóricas apresentadas aqui consegue dar conta sozinha da realidade atual. Acreditamos, no entanto, que o recurso a elas é essencial para a criação dos conceitos adequados para entender as ameaças que pairam sobre a jovem democracia brasileira.
Presentación
Authors: Grande López Clara
Published: January 2023

Presentamos el número 14 de Cuadernos del Instituto Historia de la Lengua. La revista cuenta, en esta ocasión, con siete artículos y dos reseñas con los que viajamos en el tiempo —desde Orígenes hasta el siglo XIX— a través de las palabras y los documentos.
Una aproximación a la puntuación castellana en los siglos XVII y XVIII
Authors: Díaz Moreno Rocío
Published: January 2023

El presente estudio se propone describir y analizar algunos rasgos de los sistemas de puntuación en la documentación castellana en un periodo de cien años. Para ello, vamos a utilizar documentos originales que pertenecen al «Corpus de documentos españoles anteriores a 1900 (CODEA+ 2015)», textos transcritos por el grupo de investigación de la Universidad de Alcalá, GITHE, y que en la actualidad cuenta con dos mil quinientos documentos transcritos. Debido al número de provincias que abarca CODEA, nos vamos a centrar en dos de las que ocupan el centro peninsular, Madrid y Guadalajara, para que el corpus del estudio resulte más homogéneo. Así mismo, aunque cronológicamente CODEA abarca un periodo muy amplio, desde el siglo XII hasta el XVIII, ambos inclusive, los textos seleccionados pertenecerán a los siglos XVII y XVIII, concretamente a la segunda mitad del XVII y primera del XVIII. De este modo, las líneas de investigación que pretendemos seguir con este trabajo son: analizar qué signos de puntuación se utilizan en esta época, su distribución y su valor, ¿son los mismos que los actuales o hay variedad?, ¿es una puntuación idiosincrásica? Se trata, en definitiva, de ofrecer una descripción lo más sistemática posible del sistema de puntuación que se emplea en estos textos castellanos de los siglos XVII y XVIII, no solo para comprender mejor las reglas que rigen el empleo de estos elementos en dichas centurias, sino también para aportar datos con los que poder comparar en estudios posteriores.
Voces locales en la documentación dieciochesca del este de Madrid
Authors: Vázquez Balonga Delfina
Published: January 2023

El estudio previo de documentos de la Comunidad de Madrid de los siglos XVI al XIX ha permitido establecer la existencia de algunas palabras locales, tanto en el territorio de la región como en otras provincias limítrofes. En la misma línea, en este trabajo se muestra una ampliación del corpus documental ALDICAM con nuevas piezas del área este de la región madrileña datadas en el siglo XVIII. Por medio de la comparación con documentos históricos y los estudios de dialectología actual, nuestro objetivo es investigar posibles voces locales y su relación con otras áreas próximas.
El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los conceptos de la matemática superior en las carreras de Ingeniería
Authors: Zayas-Batista Reol , Escalona-Reyes Miguel , Estupiñán-González Rubidel , Cedeño-Intriago Raúl
Published: January 2023

La formación de conceptos de la Matemática Superior, en las carreras de ingenierías, es importante para la interpretación y predicción de los procesos que acomete el ingeniero en su profesión. En su aprendizaje, en la actualidad, subsisten dificultades que limitan su comprensión. En la ejecución de la investigación se determinaron: el nivel de comprensión de los conceptos por los estudiantes de la carrera Ingeniería Industrial, las potencialidades de los asistentes matemáticos para la enseñanza de conceptos matemáticos, el estado de utilización de software en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la Matemática en la Universidad de Holguín y las aportaciones de las investigaciones sobre el tema. Para ello se aplicaron los métodos histórico-lógicos, análisis y síntesis, inducción y deducción, y del nivel empíricos, la observación, encuestas, entrevistas, revisión documental y pruebas pedagógicas. La principal contribución de la investigación radica en la propuesta de estrategia didáctica para la integración de los asistentes matemáticos en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los conceptos. Su implementación permitió a los estudiantes mejorar la comprensión de los conceptos básicos de la Matemática Superior, así como la solución de problemas prácticos que pueden ser modelados matemáticamente.

Palabras clave:

Conceptos, proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, asistente matemático, Matemática Superior.

 

ABSTRACT   

The formation of concepts of Higher Mathematics, in engineering careers, is important for the interpretation and prediction of the processes that the engineer undertakes in his profession. In its learning, at present, there are still difficulties that limit its understanding. In the execution of the research, the following were determined: the level of understanding of the concepts by the students of the Industrial Engineering career, the potentialities of the mathematical assistants for the teaching of mathematical concepts, the state of use of software in the teaching and learning process of Mathematics in the University of Holguin and the contributions of the researches on the subject. For this purpose, the historical-logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction methods were applied, and at the empirical level, observation, surveys, interviews, documentary review and pedagogical tests. The main contribution of the research lies in the proposal of a didactic strategy for the integration of mathematical assistants in the process of teaching and learning concepts. Its implementation allowed students to improve their understanding of the basic concepts of higher mathematics, as well as the solution of practical problems that can be modeled mathematically.

Keywords:

concepts, teaching-learning process, mathematical assistant, Higher Mathematics.
Papel del abogado en la defensa del principio constitucional de presunción de inocencia en Cuba
Authors: Zaldívar-Oduardo Rafael Eugenio
Published: January 2023

El artículo se centra en la necesidad de la pronta presencia del Abogado en el proceso para garantizar la defensa de los derechos del imputado y del acusado en el ámbito de los estudios prácticos y en específico el principio constitucional de Presunción de Inocencia desde la entrada en vigor de la Constitución de 2019. Se analizan en este texto los factores objetivos y subjetivos que inciden en el desempeño profesional de los Abogados de la Organización Nacional de Bufetes Colectivos al ejercer la defensa penal en la fase decisiva del esclarecimiento de los delitos, así como en el juicio oral, pináculo del proceso penal cubano, haciendo énfasis en la posibilidad de intervención letrada designada o de oficio antes del momento tradicionalmente conocido en Cuba hasta el año 2019 que era: una vez notificada la medida cautelar; amparados en la Constitución vigente y en la Ley del Proceso Penal, y de la entrada en vigor de la mencionada ley procesal.

Palabras clave:

Presunción de inocencia, principios y garantías constitucionales, abogado.

 

ABSTRACT

The article focuses on the need for the prompt presence of the Lawyer in the process to guarantee the defense of the rights of the accused and the accused in the field of practical studies and specifically the constitutional principle of Presumption of Innocence since the entry into force of the Constitution of 2019. This text analyzes the objective and subjective factors that affect the professional performance of the lawyers of the National Organization of Collective Law Firms when exercising criminal defense in the decisive phase of the clarification of crimes, as well as in the oral trial, pinnacle of the Cuban criminal process, emphasizing the possibility of legal intervention appointed or ex officio before the moment traditionally known in Cuba until 2019, which was: once the precautionary measure was notified; protected by the current Constitution and the Law on Criminal Procedure, and the entry into force of the aforementioned procedural law.

Keywords:

Presumption of innocence, constitutional principles and guarantees, lawyer.
Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis: Diagnosis and Risk Assessment
Authors: Zanwar Saurabh , Gertz Morie A. , Muchtar Eli
Published: January 2023

Immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a clonal plasma cell disorder with multiple clinical presentations. The diagnosis of AL amyloidosis requires a high index of suspicion, making a delay in diagnosis common, which contributes to the high early mortality seen in this disease. Establishing the diagnosis of AL amyloidosis requires the demonstration of tissue deposition of amyloid fibrils. A bone marrow biopsy and fat pad aspirate performed concurrently have a high sensitivity for the diagnosis of AL amyloidosis and negate the need for organ biopsies in most patients. An accurate diagnosis requires amyloid typing via additional testing, including tissue mass spectrometry. Prognostication for AL amyloidosis is largely driven by the organs impacted. Cardiac involvement represents the single most important prognostic marker, and the existing staging systems are driven by cardiac biomarkers. Apart from organ involvement, plasma cell percentage on the bone marrow biopsy, specific fluorescence in situ hybridization findings, age at diagnosis, and performance status are important prognostic markers. This review elaborates on the diagnostic testing and prognostication for patients with newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis.
Esculturas animadas, del secreto hermético a Madonna, pasando por la estatuaria medieval
Authors: Ferrer Ventosa Roger
Published: January 2023

La estatua que cobra vida resulta un tema que merece análisis desde la cultura visual. Constituye un fantasma cultural que retorna una y otra vez en formas artísticas diversas, evidencia máxima de la capacidad de agencia que tiene la obra de arte. Por ejemplo, destaca como elemento relevante de una propuesta filosófico-religiosa de la cultura alejandrina, en un fragmento del Asclepio hermético criticado por teólogos cristianos medievales como muestra de la fascinación que ostentaban los ídolos sobre los paganos. La estatua animada continúa apareciendo en fuentes medievales, en doble vertiente: tanto dentro del contexto de la teoría de la imagen de la época, muy permeada por la teología cristiana, como en sus obras artísticas. El fantasma también se manifiesta en la contemporaneidad, en muchos casos como percutor argumental dentro de películas de terror. O incluso en la posmodernidad, y nada menos que con un formato nacido en la época: el videoclip, con “Like a Prayer” de Madonna, que se examinará más detalladamente. Para mejor analizar fuentes de información tan diversas se propone un artículo que combina el análisis histórico, un estudio sobre la teoría de la imagen medieval o un estudio de cultura visual para el videoclip de Madonna.
Daily life time of women during Covid 19. Trends and drivers
Authors: Chirivì Marianna , Moffa Grazia
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on our living systems and on the economic and political organization of our country. The significant loss of human lives, the interruption of economic activities, the lockdown, to give just a few references, are undoubted threats to our well-being. The Italian context is of great interest to analyse the possible consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic with respect to women’s new daily life routines, not only because of the drastic measures adopted by the Government in the first emergency phase, but also because of the significant gender differences that characterise the country. In a more recent study (Chirivì and Moffa 2020) on women’s equality paths, we were able to highlight how the typically family-based Italian welfare system – the care of the most fragile people (children, elderly and disabled) is almost entirely entrusted to families penalises women who bear the burden of looking after everyone. The spread of the pandemic has in fact laid bare the already existing gender inequalities, highlighting a dimension of womens lives that is often hidden or overlooked, based on a persistent disparity in different areas of daily life, from everyday family life to work and social activities. This paper aims to explore two key issues: gender inequality and links between reproduction and production sphere, focusing on pre-existing inequalities and vulnerabilities in women’s life experiences.
Interventions to Promote the Development of Motor Performance Skills in Primary School Aged Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials
Authors: Sortwell Andrew , Forte Pedro , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Trimble Kevin , Steel Kylie , O’Brien Kate , P. Neiva Henrique , A. Marinho Daniel , Ferraz Ricardo
Published: January 2023

Background: The development of proficiency in motor performance skills (MPS) builds the foundation for the complex movement skills required to participate in a range of sports and physical activities throughout the lifespan. Objective: To assess the efficacy of different intervention approaches on developing MPS proficiency in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and examine the intervention factors that influence change. Method: Searches were completed in three databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science) up to March 2022. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled trials (CTs), that evaluated the effectiveness of interventions on overall MPS proficiency or specific MPS such as balance, running speed and agility, bilateral coordination, jumping, ball skills and push-ups in children (4–13 years old) were included. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used to compute the meta-analyses. The effect sizes were reported as Hedges’ g. Using a random-effects model, potential sources of heterogeneity were identified, including subgroup analyses (type of intervention), and single training factor analysis (total number of weeks, session frequency, total intervention time, total number of training sessions). In addition, a multivariate meta-regression calculation was performed for balance. The GRADE framework was applied to assess certainty of evidence. Results: Seventeen interventions (13 RCTs and 4 CTs) revealed significant differences among groups favouring the intervention group with moderate to very large effects. Significant (p 0.05) small-to-large effects of interventions were evident on overall motor performance skills (ES = 2.43), ball skills (ES = 2.95), jumping (ES = 1.89), bilateral coordination (ES = 2.21), push-ups (ES = 1.92), balance (ES = 1.56), running speed and agility (ES = 1.31). Multivariate meta-regression for balance revealed that total sessions, total intervention time and session frequency predicted (p = 0.009, p0.001, p = 0.036, respectively) the effects of interventions on change in balance performance. Conclusion: Structured interventions that explicitly teach traditional FMS or promote the development and learning of movement skills specifically associated with a type of physical activity or sport, effectively improve MPS in children with ASD. Education settings should implement ‘planned’ movement experiences or interventions as a strategy to promote MPS proficiency in children with ASD.
Nutrient Intake and Body Composition in CrossFit Athletes: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: L. M. Capistrano Jr Valden , T. Gonçalves Yasmin , E. Costa Eder , L. Caetano Matheus , Naves Andreia , Cordeiro Braian , C. Teixeira Daniel , L. Loureiro Luiz , Leandro Ribeiro de Souza Marcio
Published: January 2023

Background: Nutritional composition of the athletes’ diet in relation to their training routine and body composition is critical in maintaining high performance levels during competitions. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the body composition and nutrient intake of CrossFit® athletes. Methods: Twenty-five Brazilian CrossFit® athletes (18–50 years old) were evaluated in this study. Height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. A portable ultrasound was used to assess body composition. Resting energy expenditure was evaluated by indirect calorimetry. To describe the nutrient intake, 175 diets prepared by nutritionists were analyzed (mean diets per athlete = 7). To verify adherence, three non-consecutive self-reported 24-hour dietary recall surveys per diet were analyzed, totaling 525 days of food consumption record, and the mean of these 24-hour dietary recalls was used in this study. Results: The mean age was 32.0 ± 8.9 years, with no differences between men and women (P=0.208). The mean BMI was 26.4 ± 2.6 kg/m2. Energy intake was 2,904.0 ± 697.3 kcal/day. Protein and carbohydrate intake was 2.3 ± 0.4 and 4.5 ± 2.0 g/kg/day, respectively. Regarding carbohydrate consumption, 44% of CrossFit® athletes consumed less than the recommended amount (5–12 g/kg/day). In addition, most athletes (50%) had insufficient intake of potassium, selenium, calcium, and vitamins A, D, B9, and B12. Conclusion: It can be concluded that CrossFit® athletes presented an insufficient intake of some vitamins, minerals, and carbohydrates.
The Effects of Surface Composition on 6-weeks of Plyometric Training
Authors: D. Addie Cameron , S. Farley Richard , Stevens Sandra L. , Brandt Halle J. , Arnett Jocelyn E. , L. Caputo Jennifer
Published: January 2023

Background: Plyometric training programs may be performed on a hard surface or a soft surface to target specific training adaptations and enhance jump performance. However, it is unknown how surface compliance impacts jump performance. Objective: To compare changes in horizontal lower body power following a 6-week plyometric training program performed on a soft surface (n = 9) and a hard surface (n = 11). Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study. University students (N = 20; males = 11, females = 9; age: 20.4 ± 3.7 yr; body mass: 68.4 ± 12.5 kg; height 1.7 ± 0.1 m) with a history of being physically active volunteered to participate. Participants performed an initial pre-test standing long jump (SLJ), measured in centimeters (cm), then went through an accommodation period to be familiarized with training demands. A post-accommodation pre-test for SLJ was then completed. After the accommodation period, a 6-week plyometric training program was conducted. Following the completion of the training, a post-test was performed. The SLJ distance was analyzed with a 2 (surface) x 2 (time) repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was no interaction for surface, but there was a main effect for time. Both training groups improved jump distance from pre- (soft surface = 191.6 ± 34.6 cm, hard surface = 216.1 ± 25.4 cm) to post-test (soft surface = 205.7 ± 38.8 cm, hard surface = 227.2 ± 23.4 cm). Conclusion: Practitioners designing plyometric training programs to increase lower body horizontal power may perform the training sessions on a soft surface or a hard surface and see similar improvements in horizontal jump performance.
Comparison between Dexmedetomidine, Ketamine and Tramadol for Prevention of Perioperative Shivering under Spinal Anaesthesia: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Khan Tanwin , Yadav Monu , Geetha Singam , Gopinath R , Durga Padmaja , Chowdary Hima
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Perioperative shivering after spinal anaesthesia is a common complication. Ketamine and tramadol are routinely used to prevent perioperative spinal shivering. Ketamine has the side-effect of delirium while tramadol causes nausea and vomiting. Dexmedetomidine an alpha2 agonist is superior to tramadol and ketamine in view of better central vasoconstrictor tone regulation and less sympathetic activity. Aim: To compare the efficacy, effect on haemodynamics, and any adverse effects of tramadol, ketamine and dexmedetomidine when used prophylactically to prevent perioperative shivering after spinal anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: This, randomised, clinical study recruited adult patients aged 18 to 65 years, of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) I and II, of both genders undergoing surgery under spinal anaesthesia between February 2018 and August 2018. A total of 120 patients were assigned to four groups: T, D, K, and N, to receive Tramadol 0.5 mg/kg or Dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg or Ketamine 0.25 mg/kg or normal saline 5 mL, respectively. Each study drug was diluted to 5 mL using normal saline and administered as a slow intravenous (iv) bolus injection five minutes before spinal anaesthesia. Patients received subarachnoid block in L3-4 or L4-5 space in sitting position with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 15 mg. Patients were monitored for shivering, (using a four-point scale), level of consciousness, heart rate, SpO2 , respiratory rate, non invasive blood pressure, nausea and vomiting, at intervals of every five minutes for the first 30 minutes and every 15 minutes for the remaining observation period. Results: Dexmedetomidine (n=0) offered lower incidence of shivering prevention after spinal anaesthesia than ketamine (n=2,6.6%), tramadol (n=10,33%) and normal saline groups (n=11,36.6%). Dexmedetomidine also provided the advantages of maintaining haemodynamics, respiratory rate, and consciousness, similar to ketamine or tramadol (p-value>0.05). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is superior to ketamine and tramadol for the prevention of shivering after spinal anaesthesia.
Folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12Status in Association With Metabolic Syndrome Incidence
Authors: Zhu Jie , Chen Cheng , Lu Liping , Shikany James M. , D’Alton Mary E. , Kahe Ka
Published: January 2023

Importance

The associations of B vitamin status with metabolic syndrome (MetS) incidence among the US population remain unclear.

Objective

To investigate intakes and serum concentrations of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12in association with MetS risk in a large US cohort.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective study included Black and White young adults in the US who were enrolled from 1985 to 1986 and studied until 2015 to 2016. Diet was assessed using a validated diet history at examination years 0, 7, and 20. Serum concentrations of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12were assayed at examination years 0, 7, and 15 in a subset of 1430 participants. MetS was ascertained by clinic and laboratory measurements and self-reported medication use. Data were analyzed between January and July 2021.

Exposures

Intakes and serum levels of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the associations of energy-adjusted B vitamin intakes or serum B vitamin levels with incident MetS.

Results

The study included 4414 participants, with 2225 Black individuals (50.4%) and 2331 women (52.8%). The mean (SD) age at baseline was 24.9 (3.6) years. A total of 1240 incident MetS cases occurred during the 30 years (mean [SD], 22.1 [9.5] years) of follow-up. Compared with the lowest quintile of each energy-adjusted B vitamin intake, the HRs for incident MetS in the highest quintile were 0.39 (95% CI, 0.31-0.49) for folate (Pfor trend < .001), 0.61 (95% CI, 0.46-0.81) for vitamin B6(Pfor trend = .002), and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.58-0.95) for vitamin B12(Pfor trend = .008) after adjustment for potential confounders. Similarly, significant inverse associations were observed in the subset with serum data on these B vitamins (folate: HR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.17-0.33;Pfor trend < .001; vitamin B6: HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.34-0.67;Pfor trend < .001; and vitamin B12: HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.51-0.96;Pfor trend = .01).

Conclusions and Relevance

This prospective cohort study found that intakes and serum concentrations of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12were inversely associated with incident MetS among Black and White young adults in the US.
US Religious Leaders’ Views on the Etiology and Treatment of Depression
Authors: Holleman Anna , Chaves Mark
Published: January 2023

Importance

Religious leaders commonly provide assistance to people with mental illness, but little is known about clergy views regarding mental health etiology and appropriate treatment.

Objective

To assess the views of religious leaders regarding the etiology and treatment of depression.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used the National Survey of Religious Leaders, which is a nationally representative survey of leaders of religious congregations in the United States, with data collected from February 2019 to June 2020. Data were analyzed in September and October 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Views about causes of depression (chemical imbalance, genetic problem, traumatic experience, demon possession, lack of social support, lack of faith, and stressful circumstances) and appropriate treatments (seeing a mental health professional, taking prescribed medication, and addressing the situation through religious activity).

Results

The analytic sample was limited to congregations’ primary leaders (N = 890), with a 70% cooperation rate. Clergy primarily endorsed situational etiologies of depression, with 93% (95% CI, 90%-96%) endorsing stressful circumstances, 82% (95% CI, 77%-87%) endorsing traumatic experiences, and 66% (95% CI, 59%-73%) endorsing lack of social support. Most clergy also endorsed a medical etiology, with 79% (95% CI, 74%-85%) endorsing chemical imbalance and 59% (95% CI, 52%-65%) endorsing genetics. A minority of clergy endorsed religious causes: lack of faith (29%; 95% CI, 22%-35%) or demon possession (16%; 95% CI, 10%-21%). Almost all of the religious leaders who responded to the survey would encourage someone with depressive symptoms to see a mental health professional (90%; 95% CI, 85%-94%), take prescribed medication (87%; 95% CI, 83%-91%), and address symptoms with religious activity (84%; 95% CI, 78%-89%). A small but nontrivial proportion endorsed a religious cause of depression without also endorsing chemical imbalance (8%; 95% CI, 5%-12%) or genetics (20%; 95% CI, 13%-27%) as a likely cause. A similar proportion would encourage someone exhibiting depressive symptoms to engage in religious treatment without also seeing a mental health professional (10%; 95% CI, 5%-14%) or taking prescribed medication (11%; 95% CI, 8%-15%).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional survey, the vast majority of clergy embrace a medical understanding of depression’s etiology and treatment. When clergy employ a religious understanding, it most commonly supplements rather than replaces a medical view, although a nontrivial minority endorse only religious interpretations. This should encourage greater collaboration between medical professionals and clergy in addressing mental health needs.
Assessing Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk Prior to Gender-Affirming Surgery
Authors: Cortina Chandler S.
Published: January 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the need for assessing the risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in individuals seeking gender-affirming surgery and referring eligible patients to genetic counseling and testing services before surgery.
Risk of Esophageal and Gastric Cancer After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Lazzati Andrea , Poghosyan Tigran , Touati Marwa , Collet Denis , Gronnier Caroline
Published: January 2023

Importance

Bariatric surgery has been associated with a reduced risk of cancer in individuals with obesity. The association of bariatric surgery with esophageal and gastric cancer is still controversial, however.

Objective

To compare the incidence of esophageal and gastric cancer between patients with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery and those who did not (control group).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study obtained data from a national discharge database, including all surgical centers, in France from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2017. Participants included adults (aged ≥18 years) with severe obesity who underwent bariatric surgery (surgical group) or who did not (control group). Baseline characteristics were balanced between groups using nearest neighbor propensity score matching with a 1:2 ratio. The study was conducted from March 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021.

Exposures

Bariatric surgery (adjustable gastric banding, gastric bypass, and sleeve gastrectomy) vs no surgery.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was incidence of esophageal and gastric cancer. A secondary outcome was overall in-hospital mortality.

Results

A total of 303 709 patients who underwent bariatric surgery (245 819 females [80.9%]; mean [SD] age, 40.2 [11.9] years) were matched 1:2 with 605 140 patients who did not receive surgery (500 929 females [82.8%]; mean [SD] age, 40.4 [12.5] years). After matching, the 2 groups of patients were comparable in terms of age, sex, and comorbidities (standardized mean difference [SD], 0.05 [0.11]), with some differences in body mass index. The mean follow-up time was 5.62 (2.20) years in the control group and 6.06 (2.31) years in the surgical group. A total of 337 patients had esophagogastric cancer: 83 in the surgical group and 254 in the control group. The incidence rates were 6.9 per 100 000 population per year for the control group and 4.9 per 100 000 population per year for the surgical group, resulting in an incidence rate ratio of 1.42 (95% CI, 1.11-1.82;P = .005). The hazard ratio (HR) of cancer incidence was significantly in favor of the surgical group (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59-0.98;P = .03). Overall mortality was significantly lower in the surgical group (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.56-0.64;P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this large, nationwide cohort of patients with severe obesity, bariatric surgery was associated with a significant reduction of esophageal and gastric cancer incidence and overall in-hospital mortality, which suggests that bariatric surgery can be performed as treatment for severe obesity without increasing the risk of esophageal and gastric cancer.
Catalytic and Aerobic Oxidative C−H Annulation Reaction of Saturated Cyclic Amines for Synthesis of Dipyrroloquinolines
Authors: Matsumoto Kenji , Nakano Rina , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Hirokane Tsukasa , Yoshida Masahiro
Published: January 2023

With the aim of providing an efficient platform for the one‐step construction of nitrogen‐containing polycyclic frameworks, we report a heterogeneous platinum‐catalyzed oxidative α,β‐C(sp3)−H dual functionalization of saturated cyclic amines. This method involves a tandem oxidative dehydrogenation/hetero Diels‐Alder reaction under aerobic mild conditions, providing tetracyclic octahydro‐dipyrroloquinoline frameworks in good yields. The reaction was applied to the synthesis of natural products incargranine B aglycone and seneciobipyrrolidine in one step. This study provides efficient and rapid access to nitrogen‐containing fused tetracyclic compounds in a highly atom‐economical fashion.

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Tailoring Dense, Orientation–Tunable, and Interleavedly Structured Carbon‐Based Heat Dissipation Plates
Authors: Peng Lianqiang , Yu Huitao , Chen Can , He Qingxia , Zhang Heng , Zhao Fulai , Qin Mengmeng , Feng Yiyu , Feng Wei
Published: January 2023

The controllability of the microstructure of a compressed hierarchical building block is essential for optimizing a variety of performance parameters, such as thermal management. However, owing to the strong orientation effect during compression molding, optimizing the alignment of materials perpendicular to the direction of pressure is challenging. Herein, to illustrate the effect of the ordered microstructure on heat dissipation, thermally conductive carbon‐based materials are fabricated by tailoring dense, orientation–tunable, and interleaved structures. Vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays (VACNTs) interconnected with graphene films (GF) are prepared as a 3D core‐ordered material to fabricate compressed building blocks of O–VA–GF and S–VA–GF. Leveraging the densified interleaved structure offered by VACNTs, the hierarchical O–VA–GF achieves excellent through‐plane (41.7 W m−1 K−1) and in‐plane (397.9 W m−1 K−1) thermal conductivities, outperforming similar composites of S–VA–GF (through‐plane: 10.3 W m−1 K−1 and in‐plane: 240.9 W m−1 K−1) with horizontally collapsed carbon nanotubes. As heat dissipation plates, these orderly assembled composites yield a 144% and 44% enhancement in the cooling coefficient compared with conventional Si3N4 for cooling high‐power light‐emitting diode chips.
Evaluation of risk scores as predictors of mortality and hospital length of stay for older COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Buyukaydin Banu , Karaaslan Tahsin , Uysal Omer
Published: January 2023

Objective

This study was intended to research the sensitivity of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), COVID‐GRAM, and MuLBSTA risk scores for hospital length of stay (LOS) and mortality in older patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).

Methods

A total of 217 patients (119 women) were included in the study. The first clinical signs, comorbidities, laboratory and radiology findings, and hospital LOS were recorded for each patient. The CCI, COVID‐GRAM, and MuLBSTA risk scores were calculated, and their sensitivities for hospital LOS and mortality were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

Of the hospitalized patients, 59 (27.2%) were followed in the intensive care unit, and mortality developed in 44 (20.3%). The CCI positively correlated with COVID‐GRAM and MuLBSTA scores (P < 0.001). COVID‐GRAM and MuLBSTA results correlated with LOS and mortality (P < 0.001). According to the ROC curve analysis, the cutoff points for mortality were 5 for CCI, 169 for COVID‐GRAM, and 9 for MuLBSTA.

Conclusion

Older patients with comorbidities are the major risk group for severe COVID‐19. COVID‐GRAM and MuLBSTA scores appear to be sensitive and reliable mortality indicators for these patients.
Clustering in gas‐fluidized riser flows of flexible fibers
Authors: Xu Dandan , Wang Bo , Yu Zhaosheng , Guo Yu
Published: January 2023

Clustering of flexible fibers in riser flows is investigated using a hybrid approach of Discrete Element Method and Computational Fluid Dynamics. Unlike spherical particles, the flexible fibers possess elongated shape, undergo significant deformation, and dissipate kinetic energies through rapid fiber deformation. The present studies show that these distinct features have significant impacts on the cluster characteristics of the fibers. A larger fiber aspect ratio leads to larger number and sizes of agglomerates, while it causes a reduction in heterogeneity of solids distribution due to the more dilute clusters with reduced packing densities. As the fibers become more flexible, the heterogeneity increases, and denser clusters are obtained. More significant effects of the fiber flexibility on the clustering are observed for the fibers with larger aspect ratios. The increased energy dissipation through the rapid fiber deformation enhances the clustering by augmenting the number and size of the agglomerates.
Protective Effects of Lovastatin in a Population‐BasedALSStudy and Mouse Model
Authors: Kreple Collin J. , Searles Nielsen Susan , Schoch Kathleen M. , Shen Tao , Shabsovich Mark , Song Yizhe , Racette Brad A. , Miller Timothy M.
Published: January 2023

Objective

The objective of this study was to use a novel combined pharmacoepidemiologic and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mouse model approach to identify potential motor neuron protective medications.

Methods

We constructed a large, population‐based case‐control study to investigate motor neuron disease (MND) among US Medicare beneficiaries aged 66 to 90 in 2009. We included 1,128 incident MND cases and 56,400 age, sex, race, and ethnicity matched controls. We calculated MND relative risk for >1,000 active ingredients represented in Part D (pharmacy) claims in 2006 to 2007 (>1 year before diagnosis/reference). We then applied a comprehensive screening approach to select medications for testing in SOD1G93Amice: sulfasalazine, telmisartan, and lovastatin. We treated mice with the human dose equivalent of the medication or vehicle via subcutaneous osmotic pump before onset of weakness. We then assessed weight, gait, and survival. In additional mice, we conducted histological studies.

Results

We observed previously established medical associations for MND and an inverse dose–response association between lovastatin and MND, with 28% reduced risk at 40 mg/day. In SOD1G93Amouse studies, sulfasalazine and telmisartan conferred no benefit, whereas lovastatin treatment delayed onset and prolonged survival. Lovastatin treated mice also had less microgliosis, misfolded SOD1, and spinal motor neuron loss in the ventral horn.

Interpretation

Lovastatin reduced the risk of ALS in humans, which was confirmed in an ALS mouse model by delayed symptom onset, prolonged survival, and preservation of motor neurons. Although further studies to understand the mechanism are required, lovastatin may represent a potential neuroprotective therapy for patients with ALS. These data demonstrate the utility of a combined pharmacoepidemiologic and mouse model approach. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:881–892