bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Insight on the Active Fault System in the Halmahera Volcanic Arc, Indonesia, Derived from the 2022 Tobelo Earthquakes
Authors: Simanjuntak Andrean V. H. , Palgunadi Kadek Hendrawan , Supendi Pepen , Daryono Daryono , Prakoso Tio A. , Muksin Umar
Published: August 2023

On 9 January 2022, two shallow earthquakes occurred in the east arm of Halmahera, Indonesia, with magnitudes of Mw 5.2 and 5.4 felt at III–V modified Mercalli intensity. The existence of the causative fault for the earthquakes was unknown. One possible explanation is that the earthquakes were caused by the activity of an inactive fault striking in the southeast–northwest direction, and possibly linked to the volcanic activities in Halmahera. Thus, further analysis of their characteristics is crucial to identify the previously an inactive fault. In this study, we relocated the associated earthquake hypocenters using the double-difference method with an updated velocity model, and determined the focal mechanisms by employing full waveform inversion using moment tensor analysis. The focal parameters were used to analyze the static stress changes. The relocated hypocenters show specific hypocenter clusters, aligning in the north–south direction, associated with left-lateral faulting mechanisms. This north–south alignment differs from the northeast–southwest trend of some other active faults in Halmahera. We propose that the newly found Tobelo fault dips at an angle of around 80° to the west. The seismic stress change from the mainshock and the foreshock of the Tobelo earthquakes corresponds with the distribution of the aftershocks. A detailed analysis of unidentified faults in the high seismicity area is essential to comprehend the tectonic study of Halmahera Island and its seismic hazard assessments.
Continuation of Events Detection with Global Long-Period Seismic Data: An Analysis from 2010 to 2022
Authors: Poli Piero
Published: August 2023

We develop an algorithm to detect and locate sources of long-period (25–100 s) seismic signals. Our method is based on the analysis of seismological data recorded at global networks, plus all available stations at latitude larger (smaller) than 60° (−60°). We use a delay and stack method to identify coherent Rayleigh waves generated at the free surface of the Earth. The application of our approach to 13 yr of continuous data permitted us to detect more than 36,000 events. After a precise analysis to classify known events and to remove spurious detections, we report more than 1700 previously unidentified source of long-period seismic signals. Each source is characterized by its location (with associated uncertainty) and moment magnitude. This new catalog mainly reveals sources in the polar regions likely associated with glaciers dynamics but also volcanic activity, landslides, and regular earthquakes located in remote areas of the planet. Our study reveals the importance of maintaining global seismic networks and exploring the recorded data, beyond providing new observations that can be the basis to future studies to better characterize physical processes occurring at the free surface of our planet.
Parathyroid Carcinoma Presenting as Recurrent Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Neck Mass: A Case Report
Authors: Boro Hiya ,   Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, Haryana, India, Sharma Harish ,   Department of Surgery, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, Haryana, India, Mittal Deepak ,   Department of Surgery, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, Haryana, India, Pareek Mohit ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, Haryana, India, Chugh Shilpa ,   Department of Pathology, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, Haryana, India, Jakhar Mohar Singh ,   Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, Haryana, India, Nagar Neeraj ,   Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, Haryana, India, Bhatia Lovekesh ,   Department of Radiodiagnosis, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, Haryana, India, Saini Sanjay ,   Department of Surgery, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, Haryana, India, Joshi Vashishth ,   Department of Surgery, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, Haryana, India, Vaid Sahil ,   Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, Haryana, India, Mannar Velmurugan ,   Department of Endocrinology, Aster Clinic, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Nagendra Lakshmi ,   Department of Endocrinology, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, Mysuru, India, Dalvi Mazhar ,   Department of Endocrinology, Al Noor Mediclinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Bundela Vikash ,   Department of Gastroenterology, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, Haryana, India
Published: August 2023

Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine neoplasm that accounts for <1% of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. The management of parathyroid carcinoma is a challenge due to the high rate of local recurrence of the tumour. We report the case of a middle-aged north Indian woman who presented with recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid carcinoma. She presented with a recurrent palpable hard neck mass and underwent radical dissection of the neck six times. At the time of writing this report, she was referred for external beam radiotherapy to the neck. Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare malignancy with an indolent but tenacious course. Complete resection at the time of initial surgery determines the prognosis of the neoplasm. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are usually ineffective. Hypercalcaemia needs to be aggressively managed. A multidisciplinary team is required to effectively manage parathyroid carcinoma.
“One’s Social Skills Go to the Dogs”
Authors: Kirjavainen Hanna , Jalonen Harri
Published: August 2023

Youths who are socially isolated are largely inaccessible to social work professionals; nevertheless, most are active on social media. Feeling they have been let down by society, many such youths seek comfort in imageboards, where the idea of being anti-social is cherished and where even extremism and hate speech is tolerated. This study relies on a thematic analysis of 323 imageboard messages to identify the challenges socially withdrawn youths perceive as excluding them from society. We use the capability approach as our viewpoint, emphasizing the youths’ actual capabilities to join in, as opposed to the opportunities seemingly provided by society. Our results resonate with the earlier research: Many members of the group labeled ‘withdrawn youth’ suffer from neuropsychological and mental health problems, fear social situations, experience a sense of shame and failure, and harbor bitterness toward society. They consider issues including unsuitable services, the onerous demands imposed by working life, and the hard values prevalent in society to restrict their opportunities to participate in that society and undermine their self-respect. Fear and negative experiences prevent socially withdrawn people from approaching social workers. Accordingly, we recommend social services keep an open mind on using digital options to reach people beyond the conventional service system.
Spring 2023 Editorial
Authors: Adamek Margaret E. , Decker Valerie D.
Published: August 2023

In the Spring 2023 issue of Advances in Social Work, we are pleased to present 12 papers written by 44 authors from different regions of the U.S. and Finland. Ten empirical studies and two conceptual/advocacy pieces offer new perspectives and findings on emerging areas of social work practice, policy, and education.
10 años impulsando la cultura y la creatividad: el compromiso del BID con las industrias culturales y creativas
Authors: Luzardo Alejandra , Majlis Martina , Prada Eliana , Inthamoussú Martín , Zaldívar Trinidad
Published: August 2023

El presente documento resume el trabajo realizado por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo en el ámbito de la creatividad y la cultura en los últimos 10 años, y propone desafíos, oportunidades y recomendaciones para trazar posibles rutas que nos permitan avanzar decididamente en el fortalecimiento de la cultura y la creatividad como motor para la economía de América Latina y el Caribe.
In vitro ixodicidal action of a concentrate based on plant oils on rhipicephalus microplus engorged female ticks
Authors: González-Álvarez Vicente Homero , Alvarado-Rodríguez Gabriela , Zárate-Prisiliano Berenice , García-Marciano Dulce Esther , Suliat-Fadiji Oyinkansola
Published: August 2023

R. microplus is an obligate hematophagous ectoparasite of cattle that causes billions of dollars in losses in the global livestock economy and thus we evaluate the efficacy of a concentrate, using vegetable oils on the mortality of engorged female R. microplus ticks. For each group, 15 ticks were used and assigned to four treatments: T1-T4 and a control group (CG), that were not exposed to the extract at all. The ticks were immersed in each treatment for a period of 15 minutes. Upon completion, the specimens were removed from the container and the excess of product was removed using blotting paper. To determine mortality, the ticks were placed in Petri dishes and left to rest inside an extraction hood at 31.6 °C and 56% relative humidity and were observed every 24 hours for seven days. In the T1, mortality was 73% at 48 h post-treatment, while in the T2 - T4 groups, mortality was 100% at 24 h. The result shows that mixed vegetable oil extracts are a viable alternative for the control of R. microplus. We suggest further studies on its efficacy in vitro and in vivo using lower concentrations.
A Category of Ordered Algebras Equivalent to the Category of Multialgebras
Authors: Coniglio Marcelo Esteban , de Toledo Guilherme Vicentin
Published: August 2023

It is well known that there is a correspondence between sets and complete, atomic Boolean algebras (\(\textit{CABA}\)s) taking a set to its power-set and, conversely, a complete, atomic Boolean algebra to its set of atomic elements. Of course, such a correspondence induces an equivalence between the opposite category of \(\textbf{Set}\) and the category of \(\textit{CABA}\)s.
We modify this result by taking multialgebras over a signature \(\Sigma\), specifically those whose non-deterministic operations cannot return the empty-set, to \(\textit{CABA}\)s with their zero element removed (which we call a \(\textit{bottomless Boolean algebra}\)) equipped with a structure of \(\Sigma\)-algebra compatible with its order (that we call \(\textit{ord-algebras}\)). Conversely, an ord-algebra over \(\Sigma\) is taken to its set of atomic elements equipped with a structure of multialgebra over \(\Sigma\). This leads to an equivalence between the category of \(\Sigma\)-multialgebras and the category of ord-algebras over \(\Sigma\).
The intuition, here, is that if one wishes to do so, non-determinism may be replaced by a sufficiently rich ordering of the underlying structures.
Technology Evolution and Tax Compliance: Evidence from Rwanda
Authors: Hakizimana Naphtal , Santoro Fabrizio
Published: August 2023

Information technology (IT) has great potential to help increase taxpayer compliance and revenue collection. Despite the increasing use of IT solutions by African tax administrations, evidence on its effectiveness remains limited. In Rwanda, the Revenue Authority introduced a more advanced version of its electronic billing machines (EBM) to enhance its ability to track business transactions remotely and to improve taxpayers’ experience of using the machines. Using a wealth of administrative data collected by the Revenue Authority, this paper evaluates the impact of the adoption of EBM2 on the ways in which firms file their tax returns. In particular, we are able to compare first-time users of EBM2, who are mostly new taxpayers, with ‘shifters’, who moved from the old EBM1 to EBM2. We looked first at value added tax (VAT). Overall, the adoption of EBM2 resulted in significant increases in reported business turnover, non-taxable sales, taxable sales, VAT inputs and VAT due. There was also a reduction in the proportion of completed VAT returns that implied zero VAT liabilities. Unsurprisingly, there was no significant overall change in the VAT returns from ‘shifters’. They had probably internalised the benefits of electronic billing machines when using the earlier EBM1 version. The effects of the adoption of EBM2 on income tax returns are less positive. Overall, no increase in income tax liability is reported. These results suggest that taxpayers do not believe that the Revenue Authority will attempt to reconcile their (separate) VAT and income tax returns. Taxpayers probably provide more reliable VAT returns because they believe, on the basis of the installation of electronic billing machines, with upgrades, that the Revenue Authority is focusing more on VAT. The main policy implication is that the Revenue Authority should make more effort to reconcile firms’ separate VAT and income tax returns, so that the positive effects of the new electronic billing machines on VAT compliance will spillover into income tax compliance.
Missing the Forest for the Trees: Ekiti State’s Quest for Forestry Revenue and its Impact on Forest Management
Authors: Occhiali Giovanni , Falade Michael
Published: August 2023

Forests are important socio-economic assets in many low-income countries. However, they are often over-exploited as governments do not sufficiently valorise them, including by taxing them inefficiently. This is the case across Nigeria, where forest management and taxation has been effectively decentralised from the federal government to individual states. In this paper we assess the current forestry tax regime in Ekiti State, one of the eight Nigerian states where forests represent more than 50 per cent of land area, and where forest revenue has been historically relevant. Based on 16 interviews with government state officials, forest officers and actors from the industry, as well as data from the Forestry Commission, our analysis suggests that the ongoing depletion of forest resources in the state seems to be partially connected to an excessive focus on their capacity to generate revenue. The conceptualisation of the Ekiti State Forestry Commission as a revenue-raising agency rather than a management one, a continuous drive to extract revenue from the sector through outdated tax rates, and a view of the industry potential disconnected from the existing stock, all perversely led to a lower contribution from forestry to the state budget. While there is potential to reform both the structure of forestry taxes and their method of administration, evidence from our interviews suggests that priority should be given to enforcing a ban on forest exploitation for a period that is long enough to allow for its regrowth, at least in government reserves. This will require substantial sensitisation and engagement with actors in the sector, as well as increasing the monitoring capacity of the Forestry Commission. The Forestry Commission does not currently have enough staff to guarantee the enforcement of existing legislation, let alone a ban on all forest activities.
RESPONSE OF BOARDING SCHOOLS TO COVID-19
Authors: Rohman Rohman , Barus Muhammad Irsan , Lubis Torkis
Published: August 2023

The study of Islamic boarding schools has its dynamics and uniqueness. As an Islamic educational institution, the response of Islamic boarding schools to the issue of Covid-19 has had a sizable social impact in shaping the mindset and religious actions of the surrounding community. This study reveals the dynamics and theological struggles within Islamic boarding schools in response to the policy of handling Covid-19 in Mandailing Natal. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, the data informants are residents of Islamic boarding schools consisting of leaders, clerics, students, and the community around the Islamic boarding school. The results of this study found that there were three styles of thinking in each Islamic boarding school in response to the handling of Covid-19, namely conservative, semi-conservative, and non-conservative. In general, Islamic boarding schools accept government policies in dealing with Covid-19, but in practice, Islamic boarding schools tend to ignore the rules. The clerics who are pro in handling Covid-19, provide theological enlightenment to the students and the surrounding community. On the other hand, the clerics who are resistant to handling Covid-19, give the view that Covid-19 is a game by the political elite in government. However, in this case, the resistant kyai did not provoke the students and the community.
The Effect of Immersion Duration of Zoothamnium penaei Crude Protein Extracts to Stimulate Immune System in Litopenaeus vannamei Against Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP)
Authors: Nkuba Anord Charles , Mahasri Gunanti , Lastuti Nunuk Dyah Retno , Mwendolwa Adamu Ayubu
Published: August 2023

Highlight Research

The effect of immersion duration of shrimp to the immunostimulant from crude protein Zoothamnium penaei was determined.
20-minute immersion duration in crude protein from Zoothamnium penaei was found to increase the phagocytosis activities, phenoloxidase, and improve hepatopancreases of the shrimp.
There is increase in phagocytosis activities, phenoloxidase and improved hepatopancreases cell within a three-week maintenance of shrimp with immersion after each seven days.
There is interaction between immersion duration and maintenance time of shrimp into the crude protein from Zoothamnium penaei.

Abstract
Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a spore-forming microsporidia intracellular parasite, which slough off the cells of the hepatopancreases of the shrimp. This study was intended to determine the effect of immersion duration and maintenance time to stimulate the immune system of shrimps by using a crude protein from Zoothamnium penaei to protect against EHP infections. The study used a completely randomized design where shrimps were divided into four groups each having five replicates. Groups P1, P2, P3 were immersed in immunostimulant for 10, 15, and 20 minutes respectively, except negative control. The phenoloxidase, phagocytosis activities, histopathology study were determined. Also, the molecular diagnosis of EHP was measured to confirm EHP infection in the shrimp samplesThe phenoloxidase activity significantly increased after immersion for 20 minutes (P3) from 0.64-, 0.72-, and 0.78-units min-1 mil -1 of protein on the first week, second week and third week, respectively. The phagocytosis activities of the sample immersed for 20 minutes were significantly increased to 68% on the second week. The sample also showed improved hepatopancreases epithelial cells with only 26% necrotic cell, less EHP spore and vacuolation. There was an interaction between immersion duration and maintenance time of the L. vannamei immersed in crude protein from Zoothamnium penaei. Twenty minutes immersion were significantly found to stimulate the immune system of the shrimp against EHP. The present work revealed that, the application of crude protein from Z. penaei is effective against EHP in shrimp culture.
Alginate Profile, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Brown Algae Sargassum cristaefolium from Pane Island, North Sumatera
Authors: Dewinta Astrid Fauzia , Susetya Ipanna Enggar , Khairunnisa Khairunnisa , Suriani Mai , Addina Syahira , Fadhilah Amanatul
Published: August 2023

Highlight Research

Alginate content produced by Sargassum cristaefolium in three different parts of the thallus has food grade quality.
The alginate chemical profile of cristaefolium in three different thallus part had a significant effect.
Antioxidant activity of cristaefolium extract was in the moderate category.
Antibacterial activity of cristaefolium extract against aquatic pathogenic bacteria has moderate and strong effectiveness.

Abstract
Sargassum, an ubiquitous variant of algae in North Sumatera, has grown wildly on Pane Island with the type, namely, Sargassum cristaefolium. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of alginates, antioxidative ability, and antibacterial ability. Alginate was extracted via the acid pathway method from three different parts of the thallus and was then characterized physically and chemically. Antioxidant activity using the DPPH method and the total phenol with a gallic acid standard. Antibacterial activity using the well diffusion method. The characteristics of alginate include yields of 53.61% ± 2.21%, viscosity of 11.44 ± 1.54 cPs, whiteness index of 56.55 ± 1.71, acidity degrees of 9.83 ± 0.34, moisture content of 9.63% ± 0.53%, ash content of 23.17% ± 0.76%, Pb and Hg levels of 0.065 ± 0.01 ppm, 0.034 ± 0.003 ppm. The IC50 value of antioxidant activity being 134.408 ± 0.04 ppm, moderate category. Extract concentration of 8 mL can inhibit the E. coli and E. tarda with inhibitions of 10.60 ± 0.72, 14.03 ± 2.97 mm. Although other pathogenic bacteria can be inhibited optimally at an extract concentration of 10 mL with inhibitions of 11.03 ± 1.43, 9.07 ± 0.20, 11.20 ± 1.56, 12.80 ± 3.01 mm. Alginates isolated in S.cristaefolium from Pane Island met food grade standards except for its viscosity. S. cristaefolium from Pane Island is a moderate antioxidant. Likewise, its antibacterial ability was moderate however it was strong against aquatic gram-negative bacteria.
Antioxidant Activity and Potential Bioactive Peptides from Skin Protein Hydrolysate of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares)
Authors: Rachman Sitti Hardiyanti , Santoso Joko , Suseno Sugeng Heri
Published: August 2023

Highlight Research

Immersion of tuna skin using NaHCO3 at low temperatures effectively reduces the fat content.
The DH value, MW, and amino acid composition are in line with the antioxidant activity of tuna skin hydrolysate.
The ABTS method showed the highest antioxidant activity in tuna skin hydrolysate.
FPH of tuna skin shows functional group characteristics and amino acid composition that are similar to collagen hydrolysate products.
FPH of tuna skin has the potential as a source of antioxidants, ACE inhibitors, and antifibrinolytics.

Abstract
The tuna fillet industry produces abundant skin by-products with high protein, which has the potential as a raw material for fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) for a source of bioactive peptides. Exploration of bioactive peptides from fish skin is generally from hydrolyzed gelatin and collagen. The study aimed to produce FPH directly from tuna skin as an antioxidant and identify potential bioactive peptides. The research began by defatting using multiple concentrations of NaHCO3 and immersion times. The defatted fish skin was produced as FPH by enzymatic hydrolysis method using different papain enzyme concentrations and hydrolysis times. The selected treatments were assessed for antioxidant activity and bioactive peptides. The results showed that the defatting process using a 0.50% NaHCO3 for 30 minutes generated the highest reducing fat content in value was 80.53%. Using papain enzyme gave a significant effect on the DH of FPH, with value was 29.72-67.64%. Therefore, FPH obtained from different concentrations for 4 hours was chosen to characterize the antioxidant activity and bioactive peptide. Hydrolysis using 5% enzyme papain showed the highest antioxidant activity of DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power with values of 0.965 mg/mL, 0.495 mg/mL, and 0.415 absorbances, respectively. FPH possesses a molecular weight of 10.15-48.50 kDa. Functional groups detected were amides A, B, I, II, and III. Glycine, proline, and arginine became amino acids dominant of FPH. Based on the diversity of biopeptide compounds, several biological function candidates were detected, namely antioxidants, ACE inhibitors, and antifibrinolytics which have the potential to be used as nutraceutical products.
Effects of Various Nitrogen Sources on the Growth and Biochemical Composition of Chlorella sp.
Authors: Yuniarti Ating , Fakhri Muhammad , Arifin Nasrullah Bai , Hariati Anik Martinah
Published: August 2023

Highlight Research

Each species of microalga has a preferable nitrogen source for their optimal growth.
The nitrogen sources in the grown media affected the growth rate and biochemical composition of Chlorella FNUB01.
(NH2)2CO (urea) was found to be the best alternative nitrogen source for Chlorella FNUB01.
For producing 1 g of Chlorella FNUB01, the use of urea reduced the cost of medium by 72.6%.

Abstract
Chlorella sp. is a potential microalgae species to be produced commercially for feed, growth accelerator, and immuno-modulator in fish and shrimp culture. This study aimed to evaluate the various nitrogen sources on the growth, biomass production, and biochemical composition of Chlorella sp. FNUB01. The nitrogen sources used in this study were urea (NH2)2CO, potassium nitrate (KNO3), and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) was used as a control as it is a part of the commercial medium BG-11. Generally, the sources of nitrogen in the media affected the growth and chemical composition of Chlorella sp. FNUB01. This green microalga grew better in the urea-containing medium which accounted for 1.5 times the concentration of that cultured in BG-11 (40 x106 cells. mL-1). Meanwhile, this microalgae species experienced the lowest growth when cultured in NH4NO3-containing medium. The biomass productivity of Chlorella sp. FNUB01 cultured in urea (0.93 g.L-1) was comparable to those grown with NaNO3 as the N source. A similar pattern was recorded for protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoid content as these biochemical contents were affected by N availability in the medium. Urea was an alternative low-cost N source for the culture of Chlorella sp. FNUB01. Replacement of NaNO3 with urea could reduce the cost of the medium by 72.6%.
INCREASING EARLY DETECTION ABILITY OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA FOR DOCTOR IN MADIUN
Authors: Romdhoni Achmad Chusnu
Published: August 2023

Increasing incidence of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma can reduce life expectancy. So that early detection and prevention of nasopharyngeal risk factors are needed to the community. Knowledge about nasopharyngeal carcinoma can increase public awareness to undergo early examination and treatment. The purpose of this activity is to increase knowledge and skills for doctors in early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the Madiun Raya area. Educational activities are carried out through seminars and training with lecture, discussion, practice methods, as well as pre-test and post-test. The results of the pre-test and post-test of seminar and training activities showed that there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001). It is hoped that this seminar and training will be able to increase nasopharyngeal awareness in the community and be able to make a positive contribution to efforts to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the wider community.
MODERNIZATION OF HYDROPNIC FARMERS THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF INTERNET OF THINGS-BASED AUTOMATION SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF CROP PRODUCTS
Authors: Megantoro Prisma , Muhammad Akbar Syahbani  , Hafidz Faqih Aldi Kusuma  , Sigit Dani Perkasa  , Diaz Samsun Alif  , Abdul Abror  , Rizki Putra Prastio
Published: August 2023

Hydroponics is one of the agricultural techniques with great potential to produce plant products. Hydroponics is also a pattern of plant breeding that is environmentally friendly and does not require a large area of ​​land. Although it has been developed for long time ago, the quality and quantity of hydroponics does not really give significant results. In order to improve the quality of agricultural products, a modernization step is needed by implementing an automation system based on Internet of Things. Thus, the solution offered to overcome the problems of the current hydroponic system, the innovation offered is green hardware, namely Airlangga Sahabat Petani Hidroponik (Arsenik). In this hardware, monitoring of the system with an integrated manner and measuring several aspects such as environmental and soil levels, nutrients in plants and interpreting them into an output that can be read directly by users. The expected result through this hardware is community empowerment in developing hydroponic systems and maximum hydroponic plant yields.
INCREASING SOCIETY AWARENESS REGARDING EARLY DETECTION OF HEARING DISTURBANCE IN TUBAN REGENCY, EAST JAVA
Authors: Purnami Nyilo , Artono  , Nugroho Puguh Setyo
Published: August 2023

Hearing loss can interfere with communication, affecting social, school, and work environments. Hearing loss can be prevented by early detection and management of hearing loss. Tuban is one of the districts in East Java; the case data was obtained on the ear as a hearing organ, namely otitis externa (25.56%). acute otitis media (22.46%), cerumen obturation (16.15%), chronic suppurative otitis media (7.56%), and sensorineural deafness (5.72%). The early detection and management skills of hearing loss are mandatory for doctors working in primary health care, so a series of activities are needed to improve this knowledge and skills. Activities outside the network include lecture methods, question-and-answer discussions and training. The activity was attended by 52 participants with details of 48 doctors and four health workers. Most recent education is S1 or equivalent (96.1 most occupations are general practitioners (92.30%), and most workplace public health centers (69.23%). The pre-test score was 47, and the post-test value was 57.
ENHANCEMENT OF MOTHERS AND CADRE ROLES IN FIRST 1.000 DAYS OF LIFE AS STUNTING PREVENTION AND DETECTION AT THE MOROKREMBANGAN PRIMARY HEALTH CENTER SURABAYA
Authors: Prasetiowati Lucky , Sulistiawati  , Widati Fatmaningrum  , Eighty Mardiyan Kurniawati  , Hanna Dyahferi Anomsari  , Rimbun
Published: August 2023

Stunting is a condition in which children under five years old fail to thrive due to chronic malnutrition in the first 1000 days of life and the height is below the height chart (<-2 SD) on standard age. Although stunting has negative great impact on the child growth and development, parents frequently are not concert about it due to lack of information regarding stunting.  The COVID-19 pandemic also contributes on fulfillment of nutritious food, non-routine checks for the child growth and development at the posyandu, and even stopped posyandu activities. Therefore, it is still challenging to detect the incidence of stunting in the community. This program aims to increase the knowledge and raise awareness of the importance of the first 1000 days if life in a child's growth and development also to increase the cadre skill in the early detection of stunting. The community service activity was held in the area of the Morokrembangan Primary Health Center include health promotion and training for early detection of stunting through anthropometric examination for posyandu cadre, pregnancy mother and mother of under 5 years old child. Evaluation was done by measuring the increasing of participants knowledge about stunting through pretest and posttest. There was a significant difference (p = 0.000) between the pretest and posttest. It means that this program activities have succeeded in increasing the knowledge of mothers and cadre.  A better understanding of the first 1000 days of life can improve people's behavior to prevent stunting in community.
Biomarkers of Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Kidney Disease
Authors: Kamyshnikova L. A. , Gorbachevskaya K. S. , Efremova O. A. , Obolonkova N. I. , Bolkhovitina O. A.
Published: August 2023

Based on domestic and international literature the review refers to the analysis of the research data on risk factors and biomarkers for the development of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury. Biomarker studies are important, especially in the early stages of chronic kidney disease, that is, in patients with creatinine clearance above 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, when preventive and therapeutic measures work more effectively. Among the potential predictors of adverse cardiovascular events, the biomarkers related to the following pathological processes (conditions) should be noted: oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, ischemic-modified albumin; superoxide dismutase), inflammation (interleukin-6, interleukin-18), acute kidney injury (kidney injury molecule 1; neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin), cardiospecific biomarkers (highly sensitive troponin) and circulating microribonucleic acids (specific miRNA-133a, miRNA-21), as well as the prospects for further study of some biomarkers in cardionephrology are discussed. A separate emphasis is placed on the need to establish threshold values for various molecules in chronic kidney disease, depending on the degree of decline in kidney function, which will allow these indicators to be effectively used in clinical practice as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases, since their usual reference values are used in the general population, will be higher in kidney disease. Currently, only for troponin and natriuretic peptides, certain reference values are established, which are less clear-cut in the population with chronic kidney disease than in the general population, and for all other biomarkers, cut-off values are not yet known.
Successful Pregnancy with Terminal Renal Failure: Fiction or Reality (on the Example of Clinical Observation)
Authors: Vishnyak A. D. , Karimova A. N. , Kulai Yu. A. , Chernobai M. V. , Kofeeva V. R. , Khairullina G. M. , Mullayarova E. T. , Isaeva A. G.
Published: August 2023

195 million women on Earth suffer from chronic kidney disease — some of them are planning to become mothers. Even in absolutely healthy women, pregnancy is fraught with risks. These risks increase when it comes to kidney pathology. It is known that pregnancy in women with kidney diseases, even with preserved renal function, is accompanied by serious problems for both the mother and the fetus. We present a clinical observation of a 23-year-old patient with terminal renal insufficiency who successfully carried out the pregnancy. The patient’s polymorbid condition (chronic kidney disease, ulcerative colitis, anemia, etc.) required complex therapy and an interdisciplinary approach, which was implemented from the first days of the woman’s observation. The highly professional work of a team of specialists (nephrologists, resuscitators, obstetricians-gynecologists, gastroenterologists, infectious disease specialists, functional diagnostics doctors, urologists, etc.) determined the successful outcome of this observation. The article focuses on the factors aggravating this observation, as well as determining, on the contrary, a favorable outcome.
SECURITY CHALLENGES IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: A CASE STUDY OF THE AUTONOMOUS PROVINCE OF VOJVODINA
Authors:   Educons University, Faculty for security studies, Karović Samed , Domazet Siniša ,   Educons University, Faculty for security studies, Ješić Jelena ,   Educons University, Faculty for security studies
Published: August 2023

Local self-governments in the area of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Republic of Serbia) are facing various security challenges. The paper analyzes the challenges related to epidemics of infectious diseases and the damage caused by such events. The functioning of the local self-government in such situations requires quality organization, maximum effort of the local self-government bodies and other structures involved in providing recovery assistance. The research conducted in the local self-governments in the area of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina included a representative sample that provided an overview of the overall situation and preparedness of the local self-governments in emergency situations. The results obtained show that the local governments have limited resources and opportunities, in part a weaker organization, to be able to successfully resolve such a situation on their own. It is necessary to reorganize the entire system at the level of the local self-governments with a systematic approach and a comprehensive analysis of the protection and rescue plans, and to make assessments of the vulnerability of the local self-government to events that condition the declaration of an emergency situation. Special emphasis is placed on the necessity of qualified staff and material provision with modern means of communication and information support of the local self-government and importing a unique system of information support to the level of the autonomous province. Data on the situation in the local self-governments were collected by examination, i.e., by making a checklist. The statistical method was used in data processing and the results were presented at the level of scientific description and scientific explanation. Keywords: local self-government, emergency situation, security, law, economy
THREE DECADES OF PRIVATE SECURITY: MACEDONIAN EXPERIENCES AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors:   Faculty of Security - Skopje, Gerasimoski Saše
Published: August 2023

Slowly but surely, three decades have passed since private security appeared as a new and unknown security phenomenon in Macedonia. Decades full of ups and downs, successes and lessons to be learned, a period of time sufficient to strike a line and summarize the experiences and perspectives of its future development. Besides being a new security phenomenon, private security was established as a new and indispensable part of the security system of the country. Today, private security in Macedonia is an integral and inevitable segment of the contemporary security reality, reaching a certain level of development. The paper deals with highlighting and assessing the development of the private security in Macedonia in the last three decades of its advent, primarily focusing on the development of private security activity and private detective activity. Theoretically, the paper is based on structural and functional theory of private security, while methodologically, the paper uses comparison of scientific, professional and legal sources as well as conceptual content analysis. The aim of the paper is to highlight the experiences of the development of Macedonian private security so far and on that grounds to determine the possible future perspectives of its development. The findings of the paper could be of use to scholars and professionals in the sphere of private security, in terms of better understanding of Macedonian private security, as well as in designing and implementing security policies in this field. Keywords: private security activity, private detective activity, Macedonia, experiences, perspectives
SECURITY CHALLENGES OF WESTERN BALKANS COUNTRIES, A NECESSITY FOR A REGIONAL COOPERATION
Authors:   Faculty of Public Safety, KAPS, Vushtrri, Republic of Kosovo, Gashi Bejtush , Kadriu Arian ,   Lecturer at UBT-College, Pristine, Republic of Kosovo
Published: August 2023

After the end of the Cold War in the 1990s, the Western Balkan was one of the regions that experienced the most difficult transition because this process was accompanied by bilateral and multilateral conflicts, with local and regional wars, as well as with political and ethnic clashes. As a consequence, it was also politically fragmented on its map. The international community intervened in the Balkans with various civilian and military missions, respectively during the conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and North Macedonia. These international interventions have yielded concrete results in the process of overall democratic reforms of the region countries, with particular emphasis on the security field, as well as the aspect of integration reforms in both NATO and the EU. The fragmentation of Western Balkans came as a result of many historical, political, economic, military, geopolitical and strategic reasons. This process has also had consequences in the integration process of this region. But it is currently fully oriented towards European and Euro-Atlantic structures. Most Balkan countries are now members of NATO, while Kosovo has the primary and long-term strategic objective of its policy of integration into EuroAtlantic Security structures. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has tested the Euro-Atlantic integration process and could be a turning point in relations between the EU and the enlargement countries in the Western Balkans. Keywords: Western Balkans, Covid-19, Regional security, North Macedonia, NATO, Kosovo
NEED FOR PROTECTION OF THE CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
Authors:   Faculty of Security-Skopje, Gerginova Tatjana
Published: August 2023

Within this paper, the author intends to contribute to the creation of appropriate solutions for shaping future development strategies in the protection of the critical infrastructure as a top priority and interest of a nation state. The author will analyze the need for protection of the critical infrastructure within the private sector of security in the Republic of North Macedonia. In the introductory part of the paper, the author analyzes the definitional approach to critical infrastructure. The author will make a comparative analysis of the situation regarding critical infrastructure and the realization of its protection in the Republic of North Macedonia and the Republic of Croatia. By clearly defining and concretizing the problem and the subject during the research, the author will give concrete proposals and solutions, which from a scientific and practical aspect will contribute to socioscientific goals. The content will be prepared on the basis of analysis of foreign literature and using electronic content. In the preparation of the content of the paper, the author will apply the general scientific methods: the descriptive method, the normative method, the comparative method and the method of content analysis as a separate scientific method. Keywords: critical infrastructure, need for protection, private sector for security
MODERN SECURITY RISKS AND THREATS IN THE WESTERN BALKANS
Authors:   Faculty of Detectives and Security, Skopje, Spasov Nikolco , Kastrati Basri ,   Office of the Victim Protection and Assistance Manager Office of the Chief Prosecutor- Kosovo
Published: August 2023

The Euro-Atlantic perspective and regional cooperation can be listed as the key ingredients of stability in the Western Balkans countries. In fact, the regional cooperation has not only tied together all Western Balkans under a shared purpose, but it has also been the most essential tool of stabilization and association - a process that is effectively paving the way of EU integration for the six Western Balkan countries. Regional cooperation covers a wide range of sectors, among which security cooperation is one of the top priorities. Manifesting many challenges, security cooperation among the Western Balkan countries is a project heavily promoted by the EU, especially some EU member states that have a strong interest in the region. The enhanced cooperation in the security sector is indeed driven by the overall EU objectives in the framework of the EU criteria on good neighborly relations, but also on the resilience and preparedness of the region to respond to security challenges with serious implications for EU countries. Keywords: security, risks, threats, EU, Western Balkan
UNDERSTANDING AND MANAGING RISKS CAUSED BY COVID 19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy, Institute of Security, Defence and Peace, Cvetkovski Sergej , Pavleski Aleksandar ,   Faculty of Philosophy, Institute of Security, Defence and Peace, Spasov Nikolco ,   Faculty of Detectives and Security, Skopje
Published: August 2023

The rapidly growing and dynamic global developments of COVID-19 are creating unprecedented levels of uncertainty on a personal, national, regional and global level. Human security and the protection of life have become the most important priority at all these levels. In this regard, governments need to understand the way different threats and risks intersect. Actually, we all respond to risks and policies in different ways, and we all have different preferences and make different choices. Understanding these issues is crucial to effectively managing this COVID-19 pandemic emergency. Still, the dilemma of the government’s priority for overall security and its effects should be noted. A complete COVID-19 lockdown will save lives, but it will also have severe consequences, and some will lose their livelihoods completely. In addition, it is difficult to understand something like a pandemic that happens very rarely, and when it does, it is different from those that have happened before. This makes the management of COVID-19 much harder, especially in relation to how the states and other actors should respond. What prevention and treatment methods, including controls, should be implemented? This paper analyzes the characteristics of the risks and threats caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the challenges to successfully deal with them. The purpose of the analysis is to detect the most serious risks and threats, especially from a security aspect, and to determine the most acceptable methods and instruments for their management as well. Key words: COVID-19, pandemic, security, risks, management.
ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL ACTS OF A GROUP OF SEXUAL LIBERTIES WHICH ARE CONSIDERED CYBERCRIME
Authors:   UCIPS, Belgrade, Ivanovic Zvonimir , Baic Valentina ,   UCIPS, Belgrade
Published: August 2023

The authors analyze the state of the cyber crime (VTK) area, which is tangent with a group of crimes against sexual liberties. The need for analysis comes from the specific position of the criminal codex group of crimes against sexual liberties. As a rule, they carry a significant social danger, and thus significant attention to the societal - social environment, as well as pressure to solve crimes and punish perpetrators. The authors give a view of the status of this area of criminality in the Republic of Serbia, compare it to the current state of criminality over a period of 10 years and 5 years respectively, and show that although these acts are not so prevalent in numbers, they carry many additional specifics. The number of both considered criminal acts (more crimes within the wider areas) from the group of crimes against gender freedom and those of this group VTK is very small compared to the other. For the aforementioned reasons, these acts, both in the group of acts against gender freedom and when they occur in the VTK, carry significant public attention, pressure on the law enforcement agencies, additional problems related to victimological aspects as well as possible additional problems of the penological nature. The specifics that such acts carry are reflected in the special position of the criminal acts before the law enforcement agencies and the courts, which require increased attention from the prosecution authorities. From the analyzed data, the authors draw conclusions regarding trends in this area while combining with VTK areas. Key words: cybercrime, paedophiles, sexual criminal acts, law enforcement