bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFORMATION ON THE SIZE AND OTHER QUANTITIES OF Λ-ORBITALS IN HYPERNUCLEI FROM EXPERIMENTAL Λ-ENERGIES
Authors: Grypeos M. E. , Koutroulos C. G. , Petridou Th. A.
Published: February 2020

An approach is proposed on the basis of which the experimentally known two lower energy eigenvalues of a Λ- particle assumed to be bound in a hypernucleus by a central potential (from a fairly wide class of them) are able to provide in certain cases rather direct information on estimates of other useful quantities, such as the r.m.s. radii of the Λ Orbitals, kinetic energies, etc. In addition two basic inequalities relating the ground-state mean square radius of the orbit of a particle in a central potential and its kinetic energy, respectively, to the spacing of the two lowest energy levels ΔΕ are investigated and further discussed in connection with the Λ-hypernuclei.
X-Ray spectrometric studies using thin silicon crystals. Advantages and applications
Authors: Karydas A. G. , Zarkadas Ch. , Kyriakis A. , Pantazis J. , Huber A. , Redus R. , Potiriadis C. , Paradellis T.
Published: February 2020

This paper presents the peak-to-background ratio improvement, which can be achieved in PIXE and XRF applications by the use of thin crystal detectors. This improvement becomes apparent in the presence of an intense γ-ray source, which can be produced either after proton irradiation of a sample (PIXE), or after the deexcitation of the radionuclide in Radioisotope induced XRF analysis (RIXRF). In order to study theoretically the energy response of a silicon crystal in the X-ray energy region with respect to its thickness and the energy of the incident yradiation, a Monte-Carlo simulation was performed. Experimentally, two detectors having crystal thickness of 300 urn and 3 mm respectively were employed in specific analytical applications of PIXE, PIXE induced XRF and RIXRF techniques. The peak-to-background ratios obtained for various characteristic X-rays were compared between the two detectors. The performance of the two detectors was also compared in monochromatic XRF analysis of samples with low average atomic number matrix content.
Effects of radiological weapons
Authors: Liolios T. E.
Published: February 2020

An investigation of radiological weapons effects is performed by employing computerized simulation methods and various mathematical models. The study covers all major DU ammunitions that are used in modern warfare and calculates the expected cancer mortality as a function of weapon and battle conditions. Moreover, various forms of crude radiological devices (the weapon of choice in an unconventional terroristic attack) are also studied in order to evaluate the results of such an attack during the Athens 2004 Olympic games.
Towards ab initio structure and response calculations across the nuclear chart
Authors: Papakonstantinou P. , Roth R. , Hergert H. , Paar Ν.
Published: February 2020

Starting from the Argonne V18 nucleon-nucleon interaction and using the Unitary Correlation Operator Method, a correlated interaction vucOM has been constructed, which is suitable for calculations within restricted Hilbert spaces. In this work we employ the vucOM in Hartree-Fock, perturbation-theory and RPA calculations. First results are reported on the ground-state properties of various closed-shell nuclei, as well as some excited states. Our results provide valuable information on the properties of the VUCOM and guidance to further optimization. The above scheme offers the prospect of ab initio calculations in nuclei throughout the nuclear chart. It can be used in conjunction with other realistic NN interactions as well, both local and non-local. Various many-body methods can be employed, such as Second RPA, QRPA, Shell Model, etc.
Direct dark matter research by observing electrons produced in neutralino-nucleus collisions
Authors: Moustakidis Ch. C. , Vergados J. D. , Ejiri H.
Published: February 2020

The most important process for directly detecting dark matter is the LSP-nucleus elastic scattering by measuring the energy of the recoiling nucleus. In the present work we explore a novel process that is the detection of the dark matter constituents by observing the low energy ionization electrons. We develop the formalism and apply it in calculating the ratio of the ionization rate to the nuclear recoil rate in a variety of atoms. The obtained ratios are essentially independent of all parameters of supersymmetry except the neutralino mass, but they crucially depend on the electron energy cut off. Based on our results it is both interesting and realistic to detect the LSP by measuring the ionization electrons following the-LSP nuclear collisions.
Sequential binary decay of highly excited 40Ar*
Authors: Nicolis N. G.
Published: February 2020

The sequential statistical binary decay of the highly excited compound nucleus 40Ar* is described with an extended evaporation formalism implemented in a Monte-Carlo multi-step statistical model code. Asymmetric mass splittings involving nucleon emission up to symmetric binary ones are treated within the evaporation formalism, in a unified manner. Emission of heavy fragments in their ground and excited (particle-bound or unbound) states is considered. The evolution of the final mass distributions from 40Ar* is studied as a function of the initial excitation energy, in the range from 45 up to 405 MeV. The population of final states originating from the decay of intermediate mass fragments in particle-bound and particle-unbound states (side-feeding) is discussed. Results are compared with an alternative description in which the time-dependent decay process is described by rate equations for the generation of different fragment species.
The proton-pickup reactions as a means to study the spin-polarization and the magnetic moments in 35,37K
Authors: Mertzimekis T. J. , Mantica P. F. , Davies A. D. , Liddick S. N. , Tomlin B. E.
Published: February 2020

Spin polarization in fragmentation reactions has been studied in several nuclei showing mainly that large polarization is produced at the tail of the fragments momentum distribution. Such polarization features are not so well known in pickup reactions, especially in studies of unstable nuclei, such as 35K and 37K. The spin polarization of 35K and 37K produced in single-proton pickup reactions at intermediate energies at the Coupled Cyclotrons at NSCL and the results for the ground-state magnetic moment involving the /3-NMR technique are reported in the present work.
Cross sections of deuteron-induced reactions on medium-mass nuclei
Authors: Lagoyannis A. , Konstantinopoulos T. , Yigitoglou I. , Spyrou A. , Perdikakis G. , Zarkadas Ch. , Kokkoris M. , Demetriou P. , Harissopulos S.
Published: February 2020

Cross section measurements of deuteron-induced reactions on Ni and Ge isotopes have been carried out at energies well below the Coulomb barrier. The preliminary results are compared with statistical model calculations
Data analysis of the FIC detector at the n_TOF facility
Authors: Karadimos D. , Ioannides K. , Assimakopoulos P. , Tsagas N. , Paulopoulos P. , Vlahoudis V. , Cennini P. , Ketlerov V. , Konovalov V. , Stamoulis K. , Karamanis D.
Published: February 2020

The analysis technique applied to the data from the FIC (Fast Induction Chamber) detector at the n_TOF facility is presented here. The measurements took place at the installation of CERN in Geneva. The detector was placed in front of the neutron beam for the determination of the neutron induced fission cross-section of various isotopes of the Th cycle. For the data acquisition, several fADC (flash Analog to Digital Converter) channels were used. This facilitated the detailed off-line analysis of data since all information was stored in the computer. The analysis of the data aimed at the discrimination of fission events. For this end we had to deal with three main issues: (1) The subtraction of the background, (2) the fitting of the pulses and (3) the automation of the process. The analysis pertaining to these issues will be further elucidated here.
The influence of the nuclear surface diffuseness on the transition charge densities.
Authors: Kosmas T. S. , Vergados J. D.
Published: February 2020

Proton partial occupancies of the nuclear surface orbits are used in a modified shell model approach to study isoscalar dipole transition charge densities and form factors for self-conjugate nuclei. The energy-weighted sum-rules of Harakeh-Dieperink for both the transition form factor and transition charge density are modified so as fractional occupation probabilities of the states may be used. The partial occupancies of the surface n/j-levels are determined by fitting to the experimental inelastic scattering data and compared with those found previously in the study of nuclear ground state properties
Light mixed alkali microclusters
Authors: Anagnastatos G. S.
Published: February 2020

A quantum cluster approach for light mixed microclusters, composed of neutral alkali atoms and considered as atomic fermion clusters, is introduced.
Derivation of the nuclear level density distribution and the partition function
Authors: Syros C. , Livadas E.
Published: February 2020

The nuclear density matrix and the partition function have been derived, from Generalized Random. Quantum Field Theory. The nuclear level density distribution has been deduced as a function of the energy level density. The temperature follows as a functional of the nuclear interaction Hamiltonian.
Energy and flux measurement of the neutrons produced in a gas cell
Authors: Doukellis G. , Paradellis T. , Kossionides S.
Published: February 2020

The neutron flux and energy distribution of the neutrons produced in a gas cell were measured using a silicon semiconductor detector. The energy spectra produced by the borbardment of the silicon detector with neutrons were simulated using Monte Carlo techniques and were compared with the measured spectra
g-factors of some excited states in 49,50Cr
Authors: Pakou A. A. , Billowes J. , Mountford A. W. , Tenreiro C. , Warner D. D.
Published: February 2020

Magnetic moments of the first excited states in 50Cr and of the 7/2" and 19/2' states in 49Cr, have been measured by the transient field technique. The states were excited by the inverse reaction 40Ca + 12C and the recoil nuclei traversed a thick gadolinium foil. The observed rotations, of the 2+, 4+, 6+, 8+ states of the ground-state band in 50Cr, were found into the experimental error to be the same, suggesting similar g-factors for these states and thus supporting a high collectivity for the ground-state band, g-factors of the 7/2' and 19/2 states in 49Cr, were deduced by adopting both an overall parametrization of the transient magnetic field in Gd and by comparing the 49Cr rotations with rotations of states with known magnetic moments, as the 2+ ones of 50Cr and of 46Ti which was also populated in the same reaction. Both methods gave similar results and the g-factors adopted for the 19/2" and 7/2" states were + 0.78(17) and +0.35(7) respectively. These results are discussed in terms of cranked shell model calculations and are found to support a proton alignment in the f7/2 shell.
Approximate Determination of the ground-state Schroedinger Eigenfunction by Means of the Hypervirial Theorems Technique
Authors: Grypeos M. E. , Liolios T. E.
Published: February 2020

The method of the Hypervirial Theorems is used to obtain analytically the ground-state· Schroedinger eigenfunction for a wide class of potentials in non-relativistic Quantum Mechanics.The whole scheme, despite its simplicity, yields in many cases a good approximation.
Molecular Water Clusters in Water Environment. Third Phase of Water
Authors: Anagnostatos G. S. , Viras K. , Soutzidou M. , Pissis P.
Published: February 2020

No abstract (available).
Application of Accelerator-based Analytical Techniques to the Study of Geological Materials
Authors: Misaelides P.
Published: February 2020

This contribution provides a short presentation of the applications of the most common accelerator-based analytical techniques to the earth sciences. These techniques offer high elemental selectivity and sensitivity as well as the possibility to determine the lateral and depth distribution of the elements under investigation in near-surface layers of geological materials and provide a powerful tool of investigation of geological, mineralogical, geochemical and cosmochemical processes.
A Method of Determining Channeling Parameters in Backscattering Geometry
Authors: Kokkoris M. , Kossionides S. , Paradellis T. , Zarkadas Ch. , Gazis E. N. , Papadopoulos C. T. , Vlastou R. , Aslanoglou X.
Published: February 2020

The energy loss of channeled protons in silicon has been measured in the past in the transmission geometry and was found to be approximately half of the normal loss, thus confirming the equipartition rule. Other measurements however, concerning different crystals (e.g. Ge), deviated from this theory. In the backscattering geometry, the most successful corresponding attempts combined RBS with the nuclear resonance phenomenon. Nevertheless, they involved ether considerable additions to the standard goniometer setup commonly used, or tedious Monte-Carlo calculations, thus limiting their applicability. ïïi the present work, a method for the determination of the energy loss and dechanneling probabilities of axially channeled protons in silicon [100], in the energy range Ep = 1.7-2.6 MeV, is presented. It is carried out in situ, using the same experimental setup and beam properties (size, divergence) with the ones present in the actual analysis of a sample. The results obtained are in good agreement with already existing values in literature.
Nuclear shape coexistence in 194Hg
Authors: Fotiades N. , Harissopulos S. , Kalfas C. A. , Kossionides S. , Papadopoulos C. T. , Vlastou R. , Serris M. , Sharpey-Schafer J. F. , Joyce M. J. , Beausang C. W. , Dagnall P. J. , Forsyth P. D. , Gale S. J. , Jones P. M. , Paul E. S. , Twin P. J. , Simpson J. , Cullen D. M. , Fallon P. , Riley M. A. , Clark R. M. , Hauschild K. , Wadsworth R.
Published: February 2020

High spin states in the isotope 194Hg were populated using the 150Nd (48Ca,4n) reaction at a beam energy of 213 MeV. A sequence of dip ole transitions has been observed above 8 MeV excitation energy. Cross-over transitions have also been identified. An interpretation connecting this sequence to a nuclear shape change is attempted. A comparison with similar structures in the neighbouring Hg isotopes is also attempted.
Quantum chrono-topology of nuclear and sub-nuclear reactions - The measurement problem
Authors: Syros C. , Schulz-Mirbach C. , Raptis G.
Published: February 2020

The conventional tacit assumption that nuclear and sub-nuclear reactions take place in the Newtonian universal time is replaced in the present paper by a time topological space based on the interaction proper time neighbourhood. It is developed and used to solve a problem related to the nuclear reaction theory, the quantum measurement problem. The time topology is disconnected and satisfies the separation axioms of the topological space 3 , . In this topology the V+R Penrose dynamics is implemented by means of a time evolution operator,"?/ .constructed using a quantized version of CSel'fand's theory - the generalized random quantum field theory (QRQFT). As an application the quantum measurement problem solution is presented.
Behaviour of Y203:Eu3+ Scintillator under Radiation used in Medical Applications
Authors: Kandarakis I. , Cavouras D. , Panayiotakis G. S. , Koutsogiorgis D. , Triantis D. , Nomicos C. D.
Published: February 2020

The Y2 O3:Eu3+ scintillator was studied for use in radiation detectors of medical imaging systems. Y2 O3 :Eu3+ was used in the form of laboratory prepared test screens. The x-ray luminescence efficiency of the screens was measured for tube voltages up 250 kVp. The intrinsic x-ray to light conversion efficiency (nc) and other optical parameters of the Y2 03:Eu3+ scintillator related to optical scattering, absorption, and reflection were determined. The light emission spectrum of Y2 03:Eu3+ was measured (λ=613 rim). The x-ray luminescence efficiency peaked at 180 mg/cm2 screen coating weight. The intrinsic x-ray to light conversion efficiency was found to be nc =0.095. Results indicated that Y2 03:Eu3+ is a medium to high overall performance material that could be used in medical imaging systems.
Group contractions and conformal maps in nuclear structure models
Authors: Bonatsos Dennis
Published: February 2020

Group contraction is a procedure in which a symmetry group is reduced into a group of lower symmetry in a certain limiting case. Examples are provided in the large boson mumber limit of the Interacting Boson Approximation (IBA) model by a) the contraction of the SU(3) algebra into the [R5]SO(3) algebra of the rigid rotator, consisting of the angular momentum operators forming SO(3), plus 5 mutually commuting quantities, the quadrupole operators, b) the contraction of the O(6) algebra into the [R5]SO(5) algebra of the ∞-unstable rotator. We show how contrac- tions can be used for constructing symmetry lines in the interior of the symmetry triangle of the IBA model. In mathematics, a conformal map is a function which preserves angles. We show how this procedure can be used in the framework of the Bohr Hamiltonian, leading to a Hamiltonian in a curved space, in which the mass depends on the nuclear deformation Ø, while it remains independent of the collective variable ∞ and the three Euler angles. This Hamiltonian is proved to be equivalent to that obtained using techniques of Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics.
Nilsson orbitals in quantum superintegrable systems
Authors: Blatzios V. , Bonatsos D.
Published: February 2020

Recent studies [1] of the valence proton-neutron interaction through certain double differences of binding energies suggest that Nilsson orbitals with ΔK[ΔNΔn_zΔΛ] = 0[110] are responsible for large overlaps of wave functions in heavy deformed nuclei. We show that pairs of orbitals of this kind belong to neighboring irreducible representations of appropriate deformed U(3) algebras [2], being interconnected by deformed creation and annihilation operators. These deformed U(3) algebras correspond to oscillators with rational ratios of frequencies, which are examples of quantum superintegrable systems [3].
Neutrino scattering off the 95,97Mo isotopes
Authors: Balasi K. G. , Kosmas T. S.
Published: February 2020

In this work we perform calculations of the cross sections for neutral-current neutrino scattering off the 95,97Mo isotopes. Both the incoherent and coherent con- tributions to the cross sections are considered. The wave functions of the initial and final nuclear states are constructed in the context of the quasiparticle phonon model (MQPM). The response of the aformentioned nuclei to supernova neutrinos are computed by folding the obtained cross sections with a two-parameter Fermi-Dirac distribution.
National culture as a correlate of research output and impact
Authors: Abraham Juneman
Published: February 2020

National culture has been overlooked in discussions related to research output and impact owing to individual, socio-political structure, and economic factors. This study shows the relationships between the dimensions of cultural value orientation of the nation and research output & impact. More than 60 countries were included, and Spearman correlation analysis was employed. The variables were taken from Geert Hofstede and Scimago Journal & Country Rank worksheets. This study found that (1) Power distance - the positive inclination of the culture toward power disparities among people - is negatively correlated with research impact; (2) Individualism - the level of independence a society keeps up among its individuals -  are positively correlated with research output and research impact; (3) Indulgence - the degree to which society members do not attempt to control their urges - is positively correlated with research impact; and (4) after controlling the Log GDP per capita, uncertainty avoidance - the  manner in which that a society seeks to manage the actuality that the future can never be controlled - is negatively correlated with research impact.
Acute and sub-acute toxicity study of the root extracts of Fagaropsis hildebrandtii in mice and evaluation of their antimicrobial effects
Authors: Muia Beatrice Mwende , Mbaria James Mucunu , Kanja Laetitia Wakonyu , Gitahi Nduhiu , Okumu Paul Onyango , Okumu Mitchel Otieno
Published: February 2020

Background: Among the Kamba community of Kenya, roots ofFagaropsis hildebrandtii(FH) are boiled and used in managing cough, fertility problems, and microbial infections. The safety of this plant in oral administration and the validity of the ethnomedical claims are unverified. This study evaluated the toxicity of the aqueous and hexane root extracts of FH in mice and antimicrobial effects againstStaphylococcus aureus,Salmonella typhimuriumandCandida albicans.

Methods: Doses (300 and 2000 mg/kg) of the extracts were administered orally to mice for 14 days. The weight, feed, and water consumption, organ weight of mice and gross macroscopy of the liver were used in evaluating acute toxicity. Mice were additionally treated with 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body-weight doses of the extracts for 28 days and haematological, biochemical, and histological parameters noted. The minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MIC; MBC/MFC) of the extracts against the aforementioned pathogens were determined by broth dilution.

Results: Acute oral toxicity of the extracts was >2000 mg/kg, there were dose dependent changes in haematological and biochemical parameters, all female mice died when treated with doses of 1000mg/kg and doses ≥500 mg/kg caused tubular degeneration and haemorrhage of the kidney, cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, and multifocal necrosis and pyknosis in the liver. The MBC/MIC ratio of each of the extracts againstStaph. aureusandS. typhimuriumwas 2, whileC. albicanswas not sensitive to any of the extracts.

Conclusions: Long term use of FH root extracts was associated with dose-dependent changes in the mice kidney, liver and in biochemical and haematological parameters. Root extracts of FH are bactericidal againstStaph. aureusandS. typhimuriumbut have no effect onC. albicans. Future work should aim at identifying the metabolites responsible for the observed toxic and bactericidal effects of the FH root extracts.
Investigation of Risk Of Bias due to Unreported and SelecTively included results in meta-analyses of nutrition research: the ROBUST study protocol
Authors: Page Matthew J. , Bero Lisa , Kroeger Cynthia M. , Dai Zhaoli , McDonald Sally , Forbes Andrew , McKenzie Joanne E.
Published: February 2020

Background: Dietary guidelines should be informed by systematic reviews (SRs) of the available scientific evidence. However, if the SRs that underpin dietary guidelines are flawed in their design, conduct or reporting, the recommendations contained therein may be misleading or harmful. To date there has been little empirical investigation of bias due to selective inclusion of results, and bias due to missing results, in SRs of food/diet-outcome relationships.

Objectives: To explore in SRs with meta-analyses of the association between food/diet and health-related outcomes: (i) whether systematic reviewers selectively included study effect estimates in meta-analyses when multiple effect estimates were available; (ii) what impact selective inclusion of study effect estimates may have on meta-analytic effects, and; (iii) the risk of bias due to missing results (publication bias and selective non-reporting bias) in meta-analyses.

Methods: We will systematically search for SRs with meta-analysis of the association between food/diet and health-related outcomes in a generally healthy population, published between January 2018 and June 2019. We will randomly sort titles and abstracts and screen them until we identify 50 eligible SRs. The first reported meta-analysis of a binary or continuous outcome in each SR (the ‘index meta-analysis’) will be evaluated. We will extract from study reports all study effect estimates that were eligible for inclusion in the index meta-analyses (e.g. from multiple instruments and time points) and will quantify and test for evidence of selective inclusion of results. We will also assess the risk of bias due to missing results in the index meta-analyses using a new tool (ROB-ME).

Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval is not required because information will only be extracted from published studies. Dissemination of the results will be through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at conferences. We will make all data collected from this study publicly available via the Open Science Framework.
Crop production under nitrogen starvation conditions: relationships with applied organic matter and soil microbial biomass
Authors: Oda Masato , Sukchan Uchada
Published: February 2020

Background:The application of organic matter with a high C/N ratio is effective for the prevention of soil degradation, although this can cause nitrogen starvation. However, some fields are highly productive under nitrogen-starvation conditions. The underlying mechanisms for this are unclear but the correlation between soil microbial biomass (SMB) and crop yield suggests that nitrogen flows from SMB to crops. We aimed to clarify this flow and the source of nitrogen.

Methods:We achieved nitrogen starvation conditions by applying waste mushroom bed and repeated lettuce cropping with different crop management practices, such as watering and fertilizer application. We analyzed correlations among crop yield, SMB, and total nitrogen.

Results:The order of the lettuce yield stably corresponded with the management practice used. The SMB increased remarkably by the time of the second lettuce cropping and showed a strong correlation with crop yield. The nitrogen from the waste mushroom bed was lost by denitrification. The rate of decomposition showed no correlation with yield or SMB.

Conclusions/Discussions:The crop yield corresponded with the management practice earlier than SMB. Namely, no nitrogen flow from SMB affected the crops. Furthermore, most applied nitrogen was denitrified, so the nitrogen flows of applied organic matter, SMB, and crops are independent. Therefore, the nitrogen source of both SMB and crops is biological fixation.

The correlation between SMB and crop yield is not a causal relationship. The nitrogen source for both is nitrogen fixation. The application of organic matter enhances this by occurring nitrogen starvation but not providing a nitrogen source.
Case Report: Rare site for intraoral meningioma
Authors: Amer Hatem , Hafed Layla , Ibrahim Sally , Shaker Shady
Published: February 2020

Extracranial meningioma is very rare with few cases reported, especially in the oral cavity. Its diagnosis considered a challenge owing to the unusual site of occurrence.  We report, to our knowledge, the first case of extra-cranial meningioma as a primary tumor in the palate with no detected intracranial extension. A 59-year-old female Egyptian patientpresented with a 22-year history of a large painless swelling at the right side of the palate, which could not be seen on radiographs.  An incisional biopsy was taken and, after assessment with a panel of immunohistochemical markers, the lesion wasdiagnosed as extracranical meningioma. The patient did not show up for surgical excision and follow-up was not performed because of loose of contact with the patient.Intraoral meningioma is a rare unsuspected tumor. Immuohistochemical markers are important when confirming this diagnosis.
Case Report: Xanthogranulomatous salpingo-oophoritis associated to endometriosis – are these different histologic expressions of the same disease?
Authors: Portela Carvalho Ana , Costa Braga Ana , Ferreira Hélder
Published: February 2020

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is characterized by the presence of foamy histiocytes associated with other inflammatory cells like lymphocytes, plasma cells and neutrophils. It is a rare inflammatory process, which has been more frequently described in chronic pyelonephritis and cholecystitis. Xanthogranulomatosis usually triggers a large distortion of the affected organ, which is secondary to the severe inflammatory response that characterizes this type of lesion. Only a few cases of xanthogranulomatous salpingo-oophoritis have been published to date. Here, we report the case of a xanthogranulomatous salpingo-oophoritis in a patient with endometriosis, suffering from chronic pelvic pain and long-standing infertility. The association between endometriosis and xanthogranulomatous inflammation is extremely rare and can possibly represent a severe histologic expression of this common disorder.
Use of the K factor from the Universal Soil Loss Equation can show arable land in Palau
Authors: Oda Masato , Nwe Yin Yin , Omae Hide
Published: February 2020

Palau is an island in the Micronesia region of the western Pacific Ocean. The island receives heavy rainfall and has steep slopes, so 92% of the land is categorized within the most erodible rank, with a T factor of 5. A recent study reported that the water infiltration rate is proportional to the root mass of the crop soil; therefore, we attempted to evaluate the performance of root mass for preventing soil erosion. We covered parts of the land, with a slope of 15.4° (13.4°–17.3°), with weed control fabric to prevent the growth of grass and roots, then removed the fabric, cultivated the land, planted sweet potatoes, and compared the amount of soil erosion with other areas. Surprisingly, there was no erosion at all in the test plots, although there were 24 rainfall events that caused erosion. For the parameters of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) equation used in the present study, only the K factor was not actually measured. This means the K factor was larger than the actual value. Land at low risk of soil erosion and suitable for agriculture can be found by measuring K factor locally, even if the area is categorized as unsuitable.
Checklists to guide the supportive and critical care of tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Donovan Joseph , Rohlwink Ursula K. , Tucker Elizabeth W. , Hiep Nguyen Thi Thu , Thwaites Guy E. , Figaji Anthony A. ,   Tuberculous Meningitis International Research Consortium
Published: February 2020

The assessment and management of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is often complex, yet no standardised approach exists, and evidence for the clinical care of patients, including those with critical illness, is limited. The roles of proformas and checklists are increasing in medicine; proformas provide a framework for a thorough approach to patient care, whereas checklists offer a priority-based approach that may be applied to deteriorating patients in time-critical situations.

We aimed to develop a comprehensive assessment proforma and an accompanying ‘priorities’ checklist for patients with TBM, with the overriding goal being to improve patient outcomes. The proforma outlines what should be asked, checked, or tested at initial evaluation and daily inpatient review to assist supportive clinical care for patients, with an adapted list for patients in critical care. It is accompanied by a supporting document describing why these points are relevant to TBM. Our priorities checklist offers a useful and easy reminder of important issues to review during a time-critical period of acute patient deterioration. The benefit of these documents to patient outcomes would require investigation; however, we hope they will promote standardisation of patient assessment and care, particularly of critically unwell individuals, in whom morbidity and mortality remains unacceptably high.
Optimizing G6PD testing for Plasmodium vivax case management: why sex, counseling, and community engagement matter
Authors: Chu Cindy S , Bancone Germana , Kelley Maureen , Advani Nicole , Domingo Gonzalo J , Cutiongo-de la Paz Eva M , van der Merwe Nicole , Cohen Jessica , Gerth-Guyette Emily
Published: February 2020

Safe access to the most effective treatment options for Plasmodium vivax malaria are limited by the absence of accurate point-of-care testing to detect glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, the most common human genetic disorder. G6PD-deficient patients are at risk of life-threatening hemolysis when exposed to 8-aminoquinolines, the only class of drugs efficacious against P. vivax hypnozoites. Until recently, only qualitative tests were available in most settings. These accurately identify patients with severe G6PD deficiency (mostly male) but not patients with intermediate G6PD deficiency (always female). This has led to and reinforced a gap in awareness in clinical practice of the risks and implications of G6PD deficiency in females—who, unlike males, can have a heterozygous genotype for G6PD. Increasing recognition of the need for radical cure of P. vivax, first for patients’ health and then for malaria elimination, is driving the development of new point-of-care tests for G6PD deficiency and their accessibility to populations in low-resource settings. The availability of simple, affordable, and accurate point-of-care diagnostics for the precise classification of the three G6PD phenotypes can reduce sex-linked disparities by ensuring safe and effective malaria treatment, providing opportunities to develop supportive counseling to enhance understanding of genetic test results, and improving the detection of all G6PD deficiency phenotypes in newborns and their family members.
СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ТАМОЖЕННОГО КОНТРОЛЯ ПРИ ПОМЕЩЕНИИ ТОВАРОВ НА ВРЕМЕННОЕ ХРАНЕНИЕ
Authors: Pavlova Alla Viktorovna
Published: February 2020

В статье представлены законодательные и практические аспекты взаимодействия таможенных органов и околотаможенной инфраструктуры (склада временного хранения) в рамках таможенного контроля при помещении товаров на временное хранение, а также меры по совершенствованию его организации.Целью настоящего исследования выступает изучение взаимодействия таможенных органов со складами временного хранения в рамках внешнего контроля, осуществляемого таможенными органами РФ при помещении товаров на временное хранение.Методы и методология: методы эмпирического, теоретического исследования, способы и приемы экономического анализа, дедукция и индукция, синтез.Результатом анализа является разработка рекомендаций по совершенствованию таможенного контроля таможенными органами деятельности складов временного хранения при помещении товаров на временное хранение.Область применения результатов. Результаты анализа могут быть использованы в деятельности таможенных органов, осуществляющих текущий контроль деятельности складов временного хранения (закрытого и открытого типа).Новизна исследования. Состоит в разработке рекомендаций по совершенствованию таможенного контроля, осуществляемого таможенными органами в околотаможенной сфере.
НАДПИСЬ НА СТЕЛЕ ФАРАОНА ТАХАРКИ (КАВА V)
Authors: Panov Maxim Vjacheslavovich
Published: February 2020

Цель. Иероглифическая надпись на одной из стел (Кава V) фараона Тахарки сообщает о ряде природных явлений и чудесах, пришедшихся на шестой год его правления (685/4 г. до н. э.). Главные из них – необычайно высокий уровень разлива Нила, подтверждающийся историческими записями в Карнаке, и дождь в Нубии – способствовали высокому урожаю и росту благосостояния в стране. Целью работы является презентация полного текста данной стелы в современном переводе с критическим разбором основных тем, обсуждаемых в зарубежной историографии.Методология. Источниковедческая часть исследования основана на работе с текстом оригинала по фотографии стелы, хранящейся в Копенгагене.Результаты. Предложен первый перевод надписи на русский язык, учитывающий разночтения по другим версиям текста. В комментарии вынесены исправления к ранним копиям текста и его переводам на иностранные языки. Подняты ключевые дискуссионные вопросы: какие явления следует относить к упомянутым четырем чудесам, как удалось изменить порядок наследования и провести коронацию Тахарки в Мемфисе. Сообщение о том, что Тахарка снискал расположение в разных кругах, предложено рассматривать как указание на реальные обстоятельства, при которых он пришел к власти.Область применения результатов. Статья адресована специалистам по политической истории и источниковедению древнего мира.
ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВ В СИСТЕМЕ ТАМИЗДАТА (ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО ИМЕНИ ЧЕХОВА, ИМКА-ПРЕСС, ИД ПОСЕВ)
Authors: Fedin Alexandr Anatolyevich
Published: February 2020

В статье рассматриваются значимые иностранные издательства, причастные к производству и распространению тамиздата на территории СССР в 60-80-х годах XX века, как действующие на данный момент, так и прекратившие свое функционирование.Цель. При анализе деятельности трех крупнейших издательств цензурного периода – «Издательства имени Чехова», «ИМКА-пресс» и издательства «Посев» выявить тематический репертуар издательств, важные моменты взаимодействия с советскими авторами, состав редакторских коллегий и список произведений, изданных на протяжении периода работы издательств.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют методы: историко-сравнительный, историко-типологический и аналитико-тематический, а также системный подход.Результаты. Автор проанализировал деятельность зарубежных издательств, их репертуар и способы издания запрещенных произведений в СССР. Автор пришел к выводам, что исследуемые издательства и их деятельность послужили цели по сохранению русского культурного наследия. Были выявлены особенности работы издательств и их характеристики, такие как: ориентированность на выпуск произведений советских авторов, запрещенных в СССР; участие российских эмигрантов в редакционных коллегиях и в руководстве издательств; редакционная политика, направленная на русскоязычное население с представлением противоположной точкой зрения официальным издательствам СССР.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере изучения истории литературоведения, отечественного и зарубежного издательского дела, в исследованиях русского зарубежья.
ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫЕ ОРГАНЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ КАБАРДИНО-БАЛКАРСКОЙ АССР НА НАЧАЛЬНОМ ЭТАПЕ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ
Authors: Gerieva Fatimat Sagitovna
Published: February 2020

Цель. В статье исследуется создание и деятельность чрезвычайных внеконституционных органов управления в Кабардино-Балкарской Автономной Советской Социалистической Республике на начальном этапе Великой Отечественной войны. Основной целью работы является рассмотрение двух основных направлений их деятельности: создание специальных комиссий на базе функционировавших органов власти и образование Нальчикского комитета обороны – местной структуры Гражданского комитета обороны СССР.Методы. Методологическая основа статьи базируется на принципах и методах исторических исследований. В исследовании применялись принципы научности, историзма, системности, объективности и т.п. Кроме того, использовались проблемно-хронологический, историко-сравнительный, ретроспективный, институциональный методы. Статья подготовлена на основе материалов Центра документации новейшей истории Кабардино-Балкарской республики (ф. 1 «Кабардино-Балкарский областной комитет ВКП(б), гор. Нальчик»).Результаты. В работе приводится периодизация истории деятельности органов государственной власти в Кабардино-Балкарии в годы Великой Отечественной войны, дается общая характеристика конституционных органов, характеризуется трансформация властных структур на начальном этапе войны, рассматриваются механизмы учреждения и функционирования чрезвычайных внеконституционных органов (специальных комиссий и Нальчикского комитета обороны). В ходе исследования сделан вывод, что на данном этапе войны в регионах сложилась целая система милитаризованных, централизованных органов власти, а также система чрезвычайных внеконституционных органов с особыми полномочиями, функционировавших на чрезвычайной (временной) нормативно-правовой основе.Область применения результатов. Результаты настоящего исследования могут быть использованы в образовательном процессе и научно-исследовательской деятельности, касающейся вопросов изучения истории административных учреждений и их трансформации в переходные исторические периоды (в том числе и войн).
СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ И КУЛЬТУРНО-ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ЗЕМСТВ ПРИ КОЛЧАКОВСКОМ РЕЖИМЕ
Authors: Chernaya Ekaterina Vasilyevna
Published: February 2020

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной в условиях формирования социального государства теме – земским органам самоуправления. Предметом анализа выступает социально-экономическая и культурно-просветительская деятельность земств. Автор ставит целью рассмотреть деятельность земских органов самоуправления при колчаковском режиме.Методы и методология проведения работы. Исследование основано на аналитическом, систематическом, сравнительно-историческом, историко-генетическом и историко-типологическом методах.Результаты. Земские органы самоуправления на Дальнем Востоке и Сибири при колчаковском режиме (ноябрь 1918 – январь 1920 гг.) выполняли хозяйственные, социальные, образовательные и культурно-просветительские функции. Данная работа велась в условиях Гражданской войны, экономического кризиса и сложных отношений с Омским правительством, что выразилось в лишении земств некоторых их функций. Однако это не помешало им в достаточной мере решать основные проблемы населения. Хотя результаты сильно зависели от военных действий, отсутствия денег и репрессий со стороны колчаковского режима. Вместе с тем хозяйственную и культурно-образовательную деятельность земских органов самоуправления можно рассматривать как фактор развития дальневосточного и сибирского регионов.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в исторической науке и образовании.
МЕЖДОМЕТНАЯ ФУНКЦИЯ ЗООНИМОВ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ РЕЧЕВОМ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИИ
Authors: Ivanishcheva Olga Nikolaevna , Bolgova Elena Viktorovna
Published: February 2020

Цель работы – определить специфику междометной функции слов-зоонимов в современном русском языке (на материале зоонима «собака»). Материалом исследования явились названия животных из укрупнённых групп зоонимов, которые были извлечены методом сплошной выборки из «Большого толкового словаря русского языка» (под ред. С.А. Кузнецова). Было проанализировано около 490 зоонимов. Примеры речевого употребления были взяты из Национального корпуса русского языка. В исследовании использованы следующие методы: метод сплошной выборки, интроспекция, метод анализа словарных дефиниций, методы компонентного анализа, контекстуального и интерпретативного анализа.Результаты. Функции зоонимов в современном речевом русскоязычном употреблении представлены тремя группами: характеризующая, инвективная и междометная. Междометная функция, впервые описанная в настоящей работе, обусловлена наличием в значении слов-зоонимов пейоративной коннотации. Условиями реализации междометной функции являются наличие контекстных показателей, способствующих десемантизации основной и переносных значений слов-зоонимов. Основным признаком междометной функции зоонима является реализация прагматической семантики этой группы слов. Анализ материала показал, что слова-зоонимы в междометной функции выражают не только отрицательную эмоцию презрения, но и прагматику отношения к объекту восприятия.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в области лингвистической экспертизы, лексикографической практики, а также в области преподавания русского языка как иностранного.
RUSSIAN AND FRENCH PHRASEOLOGY: AXIOLOGICAL ASPECT
Authors: Maximets Sergey Viktorovitch , Pudeyan Lyudmila Arcvikovna
Published: February 2020

Цель. В статье на фразеологическом материале двух разноструктурных языков – русского и французского – разграничиваются такие близкие понятия, как ценность и оценка. Делается акцент на том, что большая часть фразеологизмов характеризуется оценочным, а не ценностным содержанием. Исследуется, как национальная ценностная парадигма объективируется в обоих языках посредством семантики, образной составляющей и компонентного состава фразеологизмов, а также как оценочные свойства фразеологизмов обусловливаются их стилистическими особенностями.Методология и методы исследования. Фразеологический материал был собран методом сплошной выборки из фразеологических словарей. Для анализа собранного материала применялись методы семантического и компонентного анализа.Результаты исследования. В статье были подробно изучены и дифференцированы понятия ценности и оценки на основе фразеологического материала русского и французского языков. Были выделены культурные ценности, а также определено, что национально-культурные ценности могут быть репрезентированы через фразеологизмы, имеющие уникальную семантику, образную составляющую и компонентный состав.Практическое применение. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в базовом курсе лингвистики, а также при преподавании фразеологии и аксиологии.
РАСШИРЕНИЕ СОСТАВА ОБЩЕУПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬНОГО ЯЗЫКА ЗА СЧЕТ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЛЕКСИКИ
Authors: Lubozheva Lionella Nikolaevna
Published: February 2020

Расширение состава общеупотребительного языка за счет профессиональной лексики – это следствие технологических процессов, происходящих в настоящее время. Слияния различных направлений жизнедеятельности людей не могли не отразиться на языковой составляющей.Цель данной статьи представить результаты процесса миграции специальных лексем в неспециальный регистр.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют лексико-семантический компонентный анализ; метод анализа словарных дефиниций; дискурсивно-контекстуальный анализ; описательный методы.Результаты. Выявлено, что отличительной характеристикой данного периода являются процессы деспецилизации термина, когда термин меняет свою обычную сферу употребления, но не меняет своего значения и детерминологизации, когда термин, проникая в неспециальный текст, приобретает новое значение при помощи метафоризации, фразеологизации, сленгизации и табуизации своего терминологического значения. Процесс деспециализации более распространен чем процесс детерминологизации в обоих языках. Изменение значения у термина разнятся в исследуемых языках. В русском языке общеупотребительный текст пополняется в большей степени метафоризированными и сленгизированными специальными лексемами, в то время как в английском языке предпочтение отдается не только метафоризированному, но и табуизированному термину.Область применения результатов. Результаты данной работы могут быть использованы при изучении таких дисциплин как терминоведение, лексикология современного русского и английского языков, в курсах социолингвистики и в лексикографии.