bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water Quality Monitoring in Northern India for an Evaluation of the Efficiency of Bank Filtration Sites
Authors: Glorian Heinrich , Börnick Hilmar , Sandhu Cornelius , Grischek Thomas
Published: December 2018

The study presents results of five sampling campaigns at riverbank filtration sites at the Yamuna and Ganges Rivers in Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and New Delhi 2015–2018. Samples were analyzed for organic micropollutants and general water quality parameters. In New Delhi and Uttar Pradesh, 17 micropollutants were detected frequently at relevant concentrations. Out of the detected micropollutants, 1H-benzotriazole, caffeine, cotinine, diclofenac, diuron, gabapentin and paracetamol were frequently detected with concentrations exceeding 1000 ng/L. Sites in Uttarakhand showed only infrequent occurrence of organic micropollutants. The mean concentration of micropollutants in the well water was lower compared to the river water. For all sites, removal rates for all micropollutants were calculated from the obtained data. Thereby, the capacity of riverbank filtration for the removal of organic micropollutants is highlighted, even for extremely polluted rivers such as the Yamuna.
Field and Numerical Study of Resistance and Resilience on a Sea Breeze Dominated Beach in Yucatan (Mexico)
Authors: Medellín Gabriela , Torres-Freyermuth Alec , Tomasicchio Giuseppe Roberto , Francone Antonio , Tereszkiewicz Peter A. , Lusito Letizia , Palemón-Arcos Leonardo , López José
Published: December 2018

The understanding of the beach capability to resist and recover from a disturbance is of paramount importance in coastal engineering. However, few efforts have been devoted to quantifying beach resilience. The present work aims to investigate the shoreline resistance and resilience, associated to a transient disturbance, on a sandy beach. A temporary groin was deployed for 24 h on a micro-tidal sea-breeze dominated beach to induce a shoreline perturbation. Morphological changes were measured by means of beach surveys to estimate the beach perturbation and the further beach recovery after structure removal. An Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of the shoreline position suggests that the first EOF mode describes the spatial-temporal evolution of the shoreline owing to the groin deployment/removal. A new one-line numerical model of beach evolution is calibrated with the field surveys, reproducing both the sediment impoundment and subsequent beach recovery after the structure removal. Thus, a parametric numerical study is conducted to quantify resistance and resilience. Numerical results suggest that beach resistance associated to the presence of a structure decreases with increasing alongshore sediment transport potential, whereas resilience after structure removal is positively correlated with the alongshore diffusivity.
A Smart Irrigation Tool to Determine the Effects of ENSO on Water Requirements for Tomato Production in Mozambique
Authors: Gelcer Eduardo , Fraisse Clyde W. , Zotarelli Lincoln , Perondi Daniel , Malia Hipólito A. , Ecole Carvalho C. , Migliaccio Kati W.
Published: December 2018

Irrigation scheduling is used by growers to determine the right amount and timing of water application. In most parts of Mozambique, 90% of the total yearly precipitation occurs from November to March. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon influences the climate in Mozambique and affects the water demand for crop production. The objectives of this work were to quantify the effects of ENSO phenomenon on tomato crop water requirements, and to create the AgroClimate irrigation tool (http://mz.agroclimate.org/) to assist farmers in improving irrigation management. This study was based on daily grid-based climate information from 1983 to 2016 from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis. Daily crop evapotranspiration was calculated by Hargreaves equation and crop coefficients. This tool is available online and considers different planting dates, ENSO phases, and crop growing season lengths. Irrigation needs varied from less than 250 mm per growing cycle during winter to 550 mm during spring. Both El Niño and La Niña influenced the irrigation scheduling, especially from November to March. El Niño periods were related to increased water demand due to drier and warmer conditions, while the opposite was observed for La Niña. The ENSO information might be used to understand climate variability and improve tomato irrigation scheduling in Mozambique.
Multivariate Flood Risk Analysis at a Watershed Scale Considering Climatic Factors
Authors: Gao Yuqin , Guo Zichen , Wang Dongdong , Zhang Zhenxing , Liu Yunping
Published: December 2018

Based on the constructed SWAT model in the Qinhuai River Basin, the hydrological response of flooding under different scenarios of temperature and rainfall change is analyzed. The Copula function is then used to calculate and analyze the multivariate flood risk. The results show that the flood peaks increase with the increase of precipitation and decrease with the increase of temperature. The hydrological response of light floods to temperature changes is stronger than that of medium and heavy floods. Additionally, the temperature drop and the precipitation increase lead to a higher flood risk. The flood risk of flood peaks is more sensitive to changes in precipitation.
Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium
Authors: Gößler Markus , Steyskal Eva-Maria , Stütz Markus , Enzinger Norbert , Würschum Roland
Published: December 2018

The mechanical strain response of nanoporous palladium (npPd) upon electrochemical hydrogenation using an in situ dilatometric technique is investigated. NpPd with an average ligament diameter of approximately 20 nm is produced via electrochemical dealloying. A hydrogen-induced phase transition from PdHβ to PdHα is found to enable internal-stress plasticity (or transformation-mismatch plasticity) in nanoporous palladium, which leads to exceptionally high strains without fracture as a result of external forces. The high surface stress in the nanoporous structure in combination with the internal-stress plasticity mechanism leads to a peculiar strain response upon hydrogen sorption and desorption. Critical potentials for the formation of PdHα and PdHβ in npPd are determined. The theoretical concepts to assess the plastic strain response of nanoporous samples are elucidated, taking into account characteristics of structure and deformation mechanism.
MECHANICAL TESTING OF COMPOSITE SPECIMENS MADE BY RFI TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Krípal Lukáš
Published: December 2018

The present paper provides a description of the RFI (Resin Film Infusion) method and influence of the polymer epoxy systems and their reinforcements on the mechanical properties of the whole composite specimen.
Conspecific mortality cues mediate associative learning in crickets, Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
Authors: Shephard Alexander M. , Aksenov Vadim , Rollo C. David
Published: December 2018

Many terrestrial and aquatic animals learn associations between environmental features and chemical cues of mortality risk (e.g. conspecific alarm pheromones or predator-derived cues), but the chemical nature of the cues that mediate this type of learning are rarely considered. Fatty acid necromones (particularly oleic and linoleic acids) are well established as cues associated with dead or injured conspecifics. Necromones elicit risk aversive behavior across diverse arthropod phylogenies, yet they have not been linked to associative learning. Here, we provide evidence that necromones can mediate associative olfactory learning in an insect by acting as an aversive reinforcement. When house crickets (Achetadomesticus) were forced to inhabit an environment containing an initially attractive odor along with a necromone cue, they subsequently avoided the previously attractive odor and displayed tolerance for an initially unattractive odor. This occurred when crickets were conditioned with linoleic acid but not when they were conditioned with oleic acid. Similar aversive learning occurred when crickets were conditioned with ethanol body extracts composed of male and female corpses combined, as well as extracts composed of female corpses alone. Conditioning with male body extract did not elicit learned aversion in either sex, even though we detected no notable differences in fatty acid composition between male and female body extracts. We suggest that necromone-mediated learning responses might vary depending on synergistic or antagonistic interactions with sex or species-specific recognition cues.
Verification on application program generation and loading for safety systems of nuclear power plants based on the reverse engineering method
Authors: Belonosov Mikhail , Kishkin Vladimir
Published: December 2018

The article describes an automated verification method used for application software of control safety systems based on the TPTS-SB equipment. Verification is performed by comparing two mathematical models (oriented graphs): one obtained by processing the original design data, i.e., graphical functional diagrams, and the other formed by reversing the program code loaded from the controller. The vertices in both graphs are functional blocks of mathematical and logical operations; the edges are connections between them. The constructed mathematical models undergo a comparison, covering the vertices and edges of the graphs as well as the memory cells and values of constants. The equivalence of mathematical models proves the correspondence between the program code and the initial set of design functional diagrams.

The proposed automated verification method makes it possible to prove that no distortion is introduced into the program during the process of converting graphical functional diagrams into the program code with its subsequent translation and loading into the controller. It is postulated that any distortions will be detected during the verification procedure, which is performed every time after loading the code into the controller.

The solution provides an acceptable speed when large volumes of vector graphics stored in a relational database are processed, and makes it possible to visualize the verification results. The proposed method is implemented in the GET-R1 instrumentation tools for TPTS-SB and is used in designing and verifying the application software of the safety systems at the Belarusian NPP.
Study of the pharmacological impact of polymeric membranes with antibacterial effect in traumatic lesions of cornea
Authors: Yarmamedov Dmitry M. , Lipatov Vyacheslav A. , Medvedeva Marina V. , Zaharova Ksenia V.
Published: December 2018

Introduction: The most common pathology among patients with acute eye infection is conjunctivitis – 78%, keratitis accounts for 14%. The most common infectious agent causing acute infection of the eye is Staphylococcus (55%). The opacity of the cornea in the overall structure of the causes of blindness in the world in 2015 accounted for 3.25% of total blindness and 1.14% in the structure of moderate or severe decline in vision.

Materials and methods: The object of the study is antibacterial polymer films based on sodium carboxymethylcellulose, levofloxacin and poludan. In the in vivo experiment was modeled on the adult rabbits, an infected corneal injury in three groups. An infected corneal injury was modeled by removing the corneal epithelium and applying a suspension of microorganisms in the amount of 1 million colonies of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 to the affected area. In the experiment, 3 groups were studied: the control group (“placebo” treatment – instillation of distilled water 4 times a day), the comparison group (treatment with levofloxacin 0.5% in the form of instillations 4 times a day and poludan twice a day), the experimental group (treatment using antibacterial polymer films with immunomodulating effect once a day). The area of the defect on the cornea was evaluated by staining with a 1% solution of sodium fluorescein. The scoring of the clinical course of the post-traumatic infection of the cornea was performed using the semantic differential method after injury and infection, after 1 hour, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days.

Results and Discussion: In the study of the rates of resorption of the antibacterial membrane, as well as the release of active substances from the polymer, complete dissolution of the sample was detected within 30 hours. Based on the results of the study of the rate of resorption of the volume of the polymer membrane, a decrease in the index over a period of 24 hours in a physiological solution was found to be 4.5-fold. A weak dependence of the adhesion force on the parameters of the microrelief of the polymer membrane was revealed. The fastest rates of complete restoration of the integrity of the epithelium of the cornea were revealed in the experimental group. In the comparison group, the cornea was completely regenerated on the 7th day.

Conclusions: Under the conditions of the in vitro experiment, it was found that the antibacterial polymer membrane gradually dissolves, releasing the active components within 24 hours. When assessing the area of the defect of the cornea after an infected traumatic lesion, it was found that the treatment with polymeric antibacterial membranes with immunomodulating effect resulted in the reduction in the duration of treatment to 5 days.
Immunotherapy in the treatment of chronic cystitis
Authors: Kulintsova Yana V. , Zemskov Andrey M. , Berezhnova Tatyana A.
Published: December 2018

Introduction: The article deals with to the new approaches to the immunotherapy of chronic cystitis. Cystitis appears to be a disease linked to the decreased immunity of the population.

Materials and Methods: The study included 200 patients with chronic cystitis, and was performed in three stages. At the first stage, all 200 patients were questioned to determine whether they do or do not have the basic immunopathological syndromes. At the second stage, the patients of 6 clinical groups underwent a routine immunologic examination using tests to evaluate basic populations, lymphocyte subpopulations, immune globulins, circulating immune complexes, average weight molecules, absorbing and metabolic phagocytic ability, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by using flow cytofluorometry methods. The third stage included distribution of the major group of patients with chronic cystitis in the relapse stage into subgroups of 25 patients each who received conventional therapy.

Results and Discussion: The study has the following findings: the formation of risk groups depends on immunopathological syndromes and clinical-laboratory markers of disease peculiarities; signal tests of immunologic disorders and their correlative links with metabolic stress parameters were specified and formalized as diagnostic formulas; high clinical-bacteriological and low hemato-immunological efficacy of the conventional therapy patients with chronic cystitis and the capacity of the local and systemic modulators, such as kipferon, superlimf and imunofan, galavit, and their combinations, to normalize the parameters under study during 7-10 days were demonstrated. When combining the correctors, it was possible to achieve new quality independent of the properties of individual agents included in the composition; the reveal targets of various immune therapies were conditioned by the treatment provided, the characteristics of the correctors, the identification period – 7-10 days – 3-4 months. The analysis of the formulas of modulator targets made it possible to identify laboratory findings for their selection.

Conclusion: The data obtained during the study support the fact that there was no clinical efficacy of the conventional therapy for patients; this efficacy was maintained through to the administration of the combination of modulators in the acute period. Substantiated differentiated immunotherapy resulted in implementing the proper algorithm of observations, which prevented recurring of chronic cystitis in 3-4 months.
Nine new species of Clada from Madagascar (Coleoptera, Ptinidae)
Authors: Zahradník Petr , Trýzna Miloš
Published: December 2018

Nine new species of the genusClada(s. str.) Pascoe, 1887 (Bostrichoidea: Ptinidae: Eucradinae) are described from Madagascar: Clada (Clada) barclayisp. n., C. (C.) dimbyisp. n., C. (C.) fasciatasp. n., C. (C.) lalaesp. n., C. (C.) madagascarensissp. n., C. (C.) mamyisp. n., C. (C.) njakaisp. n., C. (C.) obesasp. n., and C. (C.) rindraisp. n.No species of this genus were previously known from Madagascar. Photographs of the dorsal habiti and drawings the male and female antennae and aedeagi of most of these species are given.
Urbanity as a project of modernization. Urban design and progressive housing strategies in Lima, 1954-1984
Authors: Kahatt Sharif
Published: December 2018

De par les rencontres du formel et de l’informel dans la ville, la culture architecturale péruvienne a pavé la voie à une modernité appropriée, à un nouveau paradigme de développement qui n’attend que de se voir matérialiser par de nouveaux urbanismes et architectures publics en ce siècle nouveau. Dans l’architecture du logement de masse en particulier, ces rencontres mettent en évidence les idéaux et conflits sociaux, politiques et économiques de la population, tout en les intégrant dans l’espace de la sociabilité, dans le territoire et dans la culture matérielle. Le présent article étudie le processus de modernisation du logement à Lima, processus où deux mondes, en apparence opposés, ont fusionné par l’entremise de l’architecture pour créer une urbanité nouvelle. Les idées présentées dans cette recherche révèlent que cette modernité péruvienne relève de la rencontre entre, d’une part, une organisation spatiale rationnellement systématisée, et, d’autre part, une architecture spontanément squattée et autoconstruite. L’article retrace l’émergence de la ville informelle et de l’auto-assistance, ainsi que leur prise en compte au sein de la discipline. Ce faisant, l’article réévalue cette rencontre unique des processus bottom-up (ascendants, ou par le bas ) et top-down (descendants, ou par le haut ), et montre comment l’architecture construit l’urbanité et, par cela, fournit le contexte physique apte à favoriser l’émancipation sociale. Le texte mobilise et illustre cinq stratégies d’architecture et de fabrication de la ville par des projets de logement qui ont forgé l’image du « Lima moderne ». Ces idées ont produit des quartiers qui promeuvent un développement urbain incrémental avec des ressources limitées, et représentent également les formes d’urbanisation les plus réussies quant à leur capacité de renouer le lien entre ville formelle et informelle, tout en encourageant les rencontres sociales et urbaines.
Le marché des antipaludéens, entre régulation et défaillance
Authors: Orsi Fabienne , Zimmermann Jean-Benoît
Published: December 2018

Face à la montée des résistances aux monothérapies, les combinaisons thérapeutiques à base d’artémisinine (CTA) sont devenues, au début des années 2000, le golden standard de la lutte contre le paludisme à plasmodium falciparum . En raison de la nécessité de substituer ces thérapies aux anciens médicaments et compte-tenu du prix énormément plus élevé des CTA, l’Organisation mondiale de la santé s’est posée en prescripteur global, édictant, d’un côté, des recommandations de politique sanitaire en direction des pays endémiques et organisant, de l’autre, une filière de production mondiale. Cet article analyse la déconnexion inhérente à ce modèle de gouvernance, entre les niveaux national et mondial et les conséquences qui en découlent quant à la situation sanitaire des pays impaludés.
Les partenariats public-privé sanitaires internationaux : diffusion et incarnation d’une norme de coopération
Authors: Guilbaud Auriane
Published: December 2018

Cet article analyse l’institutionnalisation des partenariats public-privé sanitaires internationaux se développant depuis la fin des années 1990. Il montre que la formulation lâche et imprécise d’une norme de coopération avec les entreprises dans un cadre de réforme du système onusien et selon un processus « top down » , puis sa clarification par l’intermédiaire du Pacte Mondial et des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement, enclenchent une phase de diffusion orientée autour de la notion de « partenariat », qui reste suffisamment vague pour faire l’objet d’appropriations diverses. Parmi celles-ci, on peut distinguer l’émergence d’une forme spécifique, les partenariats public-privé sanitaires internationaux, qu’il est alors possible de définir de manière pertinente.
Les associations de personnes âgées au Burkina Faso : négociation d’un « droit à jouer » ou constitution d’un groupe de défense des intérêts de la vieillesse ?
Authors: Briaud Tom
Published: December 2018

Depuis une dizaine d’années, on observe en milieu urbain burkinabè l’émergence d’un secteur associatif de promotion et de protection des personnes âgées. Vieillir en milieu urbain nécessite des formes d’appartenance qui transcendent la parenté et sécurisent. Cet article se veut une contribution à l’étude de la mobilisation des personnes âgées en tant que catégorie d’intérêts face aux orientations de la politique de la vieillesse au Burkina Faso.
L’approche institutionnelle du développement financier : cas des pays du Moyen-Orient et de l’Afrique du Nord
Authors: Beji Samouel
Published: December 2018

L'objectif de cet article est de souligner le rôle des institutions dans la formation d'une assise à un développement financier sain pour les pays du Moyen-Orient et de l’Afrique du Nord dans un contexte de globalisation financière. Nous calculons, à l’aide d’une étude économétrique comprenant un échantillon de 12 pays du Moyen-Orient et de l’Afrique du Nord sur la période 1984-2010, des seuils de développement institutionnel à partir desquels une ouverture financière internationale pourrait être bénéfique au développement financier.
Migrations et recompositions des stratégies socio-économiques des familles rurales au Mozambique : une lecture institutionnelle des circulations contemporaines
Authors: Mercandalli Sara
Published: December 2018

À partir d’une étude de cas au Mozambique, cet article analyse le rôle des migrations dans les recompositions des stratégies socio-économiques des familles en termes de diversification des activités et de processus d’accumulation d’actifs. Les résultats, fondés sur une approche institutionnelle associée à la notion de circulation en géographie sociale, mettent en lumière les rôles décisifs des formes de migrations et de leurs dimensions institutionnelles dans les dynamiques de différenciation économique observées.
Changement climatique et migrations : qualification d’un problème, structuration d’un champ scientifique et activation de politiques publiques
Authors: Diallo Alassane , Renou Yvan
Published: December 2018

Renvoyant à une pluralité de qualifications concurrentes, la construction du « problème public » constitué par les migrations environnementales s’est finalement stabilisée au niveau international autour de la problématique du changement climatique. Après avoir proposé une mise en ordre de la diversité des approches théoriques et des politiques publiques formulées, cet article insiste sur la nécessité d’une réorientation analytique : envisager les projets d’adaptation au changement climatique comme des « objets actants », produisant leurs effets politiques dans des contextes d’action fragilisés, permettrait de concevoir des réponses institutionnelles en phase avec les besoins et les attentes de populations devenues vulnérables. L’exemple du Sahel est alors mobilisé à titre illustratif.
La théorie de la base économique résidentielle « élargie » appliquée à deux économies régionales divergentes : la Polynésie françаise et la Nouvelle-Calédonie
Authors: Poirine Bernard
Published: December 2018

Le ratio de la base « élargie » proposé par Davezies est très proche du multiplicateur keynésien des dépenses autonomes (en incluant les dépenses publiques locales et les ressources extérieures). L’évolution opposée de leurs ressources extérieures (exportations, tourisme, transferts et investissements extérieurs) permet d’expliquer l’évolution très divergente du PIB de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et de la Polynésie française de 2002 à 2010 (un écart de 49 % en sept ans). Cependant, le ratio de la base « élargie » aux ressources extérieures n’est pas stable à moyen terme, ce qui rend difficile son application en prévision au-delà d’une courte période.
Effets des prix et des revenus sur le recours aux soins au Cameroun
Authors: Ngwen Ngangué
Published: December 2018

Cet article analyse les effets des prix et du revenu sur le recours aux soins au Cameroun. Un modèle logit multinomial de choix entre cinq modalités (automédication, tradipraticiens, centres de santé publics, hôpitaux publics, structures privées) est utilisé. Les résultats issus de cette analyse montrent que le prix de la consultation, le revenu des ménages, le niveau d’instruction, la distance, la région de résidence influencent les choix thérapeutiques des populations. En termes de politiques publiques, les autorités devraient, d’une part mettre un accent sur l’éducation en vue d’améliorer le niveau d’instruction de la population, et, d’autre part, augmenter les revenus des populations par la mise en place de vastes programmes de développement générateurs de nombreux emplois. Par ailleurs, il serait important d’accroître l’offre de santé en infrastructures. Classification JEL : C25, D31, I11
Mice co-administrated with partially hydrolysed whey proteins and prebiotic fibre mixtures show allergen-specific tolerance and a modulated gut microbiota
Authors: Kleinjans L. , Veening-Griffioen D.H. , Wehkamp T. , van Bergenhenegouwen J. , Knol J. , Garssen J. , Knippels L.M.J. , Belzer C. , Jeurink P.V.
Published: December 2018

Non-breastfed infants at-risk of allergy are recommended to use a hydrolysed formula before the age of 6 months. The addition of prebiotics to this formula may reduce the allergy development in these infants, but clinical evidence is still inconclusive. This study evaluates (1) whether the exposure duration to different prebiotics alongside a partially hydrolysed whey protein (pHP) influences its’ effectiveness to prevent allergy development and (2) whether the gut microbiota plays a role in this process. Mice orally sensitised with whey and/or cholera toxin were orally treated for six days before sensitization with phosphate buffered saline, whey or pHP to potentially induce tolerance. Two groups received an oligosaccharide diet only from day -7 until -2 (GFshort and GFAshort) whereas two other groups received their diets from day -15 until 37 (GFlong and GFAlong). On day 35, mice underwent an intradermal whey challenge, and the acute allergic skin response, shock score, and body temperatures were measured. At day 37, mice received whey orally and serum mouse mast cell protease-1, SLPI and whey-specific antibodies were assessed. Faecal samples were taken at day -15, -8 and 34. Feeding mice pHP alone during tolerance induction did not reduce ear swelling. The tolerance inducing mechanisms seem to vary according to the oligosaccharide-composition. GFshort, GFlong, and GFAlong reduced the allergic skin response, whereas GFAshort was not potent enough. However, in the treatment groups, the dominant Lactobacillus species decreased, being replaced by Bacteroidales family S24-7 members. In addition, the relative abundance of Prevotella was significantly higher in the GFlong, GFAshort and GFAlong groups. Co-administration of oligosaccharides and pHP can induce immunological tolerance in mice, although tolerance induction was strongest in the animals that were fed oligosaccharides during the entire protocol. Some microbial changes coincided with tolerance induction, however, a specific mechanism could not be determined based on these data.
Probiotic or synbiotic alters the gut microbiota and metabolism in a randomised controlled trial of weight management in overweight adults
Authors: Hibberd A.A. , Yde C.C. , Ziegler M.L. , Honoré A.H. , Saarinen M.T. , Lahtinen S. , Stahl B. , Jensen H.M. , Stenman L.K.
Published: December 2018

The gut microbiota contributes to host energy metabolism, and altered gut microbiota has been associated with obesity-related metabolic disorders. We previously reported that a probiotic alone or together with a prebiotic controls body fat mass in healthy overweight or obese individuals in a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01978691). We now aimed to investigate whether changes in the gut microbiota may be associated with the observed clinical benefits. Faecal and plasma samples were obtained from a protocol compliant subset (n=134) of participants from a larger clinical study where participants were randomised (1:1:1:1) into four groups: (1) placebo, 12 g/d microcrystalline cellulose; (2) Litesse® Ultra™ polydextrose (LU), 12 g/day; (3) Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis 420™ (B420), 1010 cfu/d in 12 g microcrystalline cellulose; (4) LU+B420, 1010 cfu/d of B420 in 12 g/d LU for 6 months of intervention. The faecal microbiota composition and metabolites were assessed as exploratory outcomes at baseline, 2, 4, 6 months, and +1 month post-intervention and correlated to obesity-related clinical outcomes. Lactobacillus and Akkermansia were more abundant with B420 at the end of the intervention. LU+B420 increased Akkermansia, Christensenellaceae and Methanobrevibacter, while Paraprevotella was reduced. Christensenellaceae was consistently increased in the LU and LU+B420 groups across the intervention time points, and correlated negatively to waist-hip ratio and energy intake at baseline, and waist-area body fat mass after 6 months treatment with LU+B420. Functional metagenome predictions indicated alterations in pathways related to cellular processes and metabolism. Plasma bile acids glycocholic acid, glycoursodeoxycholic acid, and taurohyodeoxycholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid were reduced in LU+B420 compared to Placebo. Consumption of B420 and its combination with LU resulted in alterations of the gut microbiota and its metabolism, and may support improved gut barrier function and obesity-related markers.
Evidence-based mixture containing Lactobacillus strains and lactoferrin to prevent recurrent bacterial vaginosis: a double blind, placebo controlled, randomised clinical trial
Authors: Russo R. , Karadja E. , De Seta F.
Published: December 2018

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal discomfort in women. It is characterised by abnormal vaginal microbiota with a depletion of lactobacilli and predominance of anaerobic microorganisms, mainly Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae. Although antibiotics represent an effective therapeutic option in the short-term, recurrent infections still remain a serious problem. Nowadays, evidence exists about the efficacy of probiotics for the management of BV. The aim of the current double blind, randomised clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of a probiotic mixture, including Lactobacillus acidophilus GLA-14 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, in combination with bovine lactoferrin, as adjuvant therapy to metronidazole in women with recurrent BV. In particular, normalisation of Nugent score, remission of symptoms and recurrences during a six-months follow-up were assessed. 48 adult women received metronidazole (500 mg twice daily) for 7 days and randomly assigned to take simultaneously either probiotics plus lactoferrin or placebo (2 capsules/day for 5 days followed by 1 capsule/day for 10 consecutive days; induction phase). The verum or placebo administration (1 capsule/day for 10 consecutive days) was repeated each month (maintenance phase) during the six months of follow-up starting the first day of menstrual cycle since the menstrual blood increases the vaginal pH and contributes to increase the risk of recurrences. The results showed that symptoms (vaginal discharge and itching), Nugent score and recurrence rate were significantly improved by probiotics mixture in association with lactoferrin. This alternative approach may represent a safe and effective remedy for the restoration of healthy vaginal microbiota in preventing recurrent BV.
Detección y análisis de «errores separativos» para determinar las fuentes de la traducción al inglés del Quijote realizada por Charles Jarvis en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Álvarez Faedo María José
Published: December 2018

En este artículo trataré de demostrar si cuando Charles Jarvis afirmaba que su traducción del Quijote (La vida y hazañas del Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de La Mancha. Traducido del español original Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, 1742) había sido hecha directamente de la edición española de la obra maestra de Cervantes patrocinada por John Carteret (Vida y hechos del ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de La Mancha, compuesta por Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, 1738), decía la verdad, o si se había inspirado en traducciones previas. A tal fin, utilizaré el método de Alberto Blecua que consiste en la detección y análisis de lo que él denomina “errores separativos” (1983) para comparar la versión de Jarvis con las producidas por Thomas Shelton (1612) y John Philips (1687), con una abreviada de E. S. (probablemente Edwin Sadleir, 1689) y con las de Peter Motteaux (1700-1703) y Edward Ward (1711).
El entremés de Los habladores, atribuido a Cervantes
Authors: Arellano-Torres Ignacio D.
Published: December 2018

El entremés de Los habladores ha tenido sus vaivenes críticos. Algunos estudiosos lo atribuyen a Cervantes, otros a Lope, los más lo consideran anónimo, pero no se ha abordado lo que parece más urgente, elaborar una edición fiable del texto. En este trabajo no pretendo resolver la autoría ni plantear un análisis exhaustivo de los posibles aspectos interesantes de Los habladores. Mi objetivo principal es proporcionar un texto de confianza, con una serie de notas, y añadir un breve comentario que permita una contextualización básica.
Travail social dans les prisons bruxelloises : un puzzle aux nombreuses pièces
Authors: Naessens Liesbeth
Published: December 2018

Les besoins d’aide sociale des détenus sont souvent complexes et difficiles à satisfaire parce qu’ils se manifestent dans différents domaines de la vie. Diverses organisations s’efforcent de répondre à ces besoins en dispensant une assistance sociale aux détenus et à leurs proches. Cette aide couvre plusieurs domaines, comme l’enseignement, la culture, l’emploi, le sport, la santé, le bien-être… Les services d’aide sociale aux justiciables jouent un rôle important dans ce contexte. Le présent article s’intéresse à la particularité organisationnelle spécifique de l’aide sociale aux justiciables de Bruxelles. Nous étudions aussi les résultats d’une enquête de terrain, menée par la Haute école Odisee, centrée sur l’action des services d’aide sociale aux justiciables à Bruxelles, sur leur réseau et sur leur collaboration avec d’autres services.
Design of Asphalt Mixtures with 30% of RCA as Replacement of Natural Aggregate by Means Marshall Methodology
Authors: Espino González Carlos Uriel , Martínez Molina Wilfrido , Chávez García Hugo Luis , Velázquez Perez Judith Alejandra , Ruiz Ruiz Rosalía , Lara Gomez Cindy , Jeronimo Rodriguez Felipe de Jesus , Alonso Guzmán Elia Mercedes
Published: December 2018

Materials play a fundamental role in any branch of civil engineering. From ancient times to the present day, society has required enormous amounts of construction materials, which implies an excessive exploitation of materials that come directly from nature. This paper explains the main differences, similarities, benefits and characteristics of the 2 designs of asphalt mixtures by means Marshall methodology. The first design is for control mixture, which was elaborated with a conventional asphalt AC-20 and 100% of natural aggregate (NA). The second design is for asphalt mixture with 30% of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and 70% of NA. Finally, it was determined that both designs have similar characteristics, which indicates that the use of 30% RCA in asphalt mixtures is adequate. In addition, it represents economic and environmental savings.
Characteristics of Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Member Substituted Heavyweight Waste Glass as Fine Aggregate
Authors: Choi So Yeong , Kim San , Yang Eun Ik
Published: December 2018

The progress of civilization has been led to the increase of industrial products, the amount of waste is increasing, and its disposal has become a problem. And, the huge amount of expended concrete has led to the dissipation of natural aggregate. To deal with these problems, many researches have been executed to use a variety of industrial waste as aggregate in concrete materials. So, in this paper, the flexural behavior with substitution ratio of heavyweight waste glass were compared and evaluated in reinforced concrete members. From the results, initial cracking load, yielding load and flexural rigidity less affected by substitution ratio of heavyweight waste glass. However, the ductility of the RC member was significantly affected when all of the fine aggregate is replaced by the heavyweight waste glass.
Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Grafted with Epoxidized Natural Rubber via Aminosilane Linkage
Authors: Charoeythornkhajhornchai Pollawat , Somwangthanaroj Anongnat
Published: December 2018

Graphene oxide was synthesized from graphite by Hummer method and connected with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane to form graphene oxide-aminosilane (GO-Si) linkage. The solution was centrifuged and washed with acetone to remove unreacted aminosilane before grafting with epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). ENR dissolved in toluene solution was mixed with GO-Si particle and dried at room temperature. Then, it was grafted to form graphene oxide grated with ENR via aminosilane linkage (GO-Si-ENR) by heat treatment. GO-Si-ENR was washed in toluene to remove unconnected ENR molecule. The synthesized GO particle in each step was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The possible reaction mechanism was proposed in this research. The aim of this synthesis is to improve natural rubber - graphene interfacial interaction thus the dispersion of GO and GO-Si-ENR particle in natural rubber matrix by solvent mixing process was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Dimpled PET Fiber Fabricated by Electrospinning Method
Authors: Tanaka Kazuto , Kawasaki Ryota , Katayama Tsutao , Morita Yusuke
Published: December 2018

Insufficient endothelialization of stent grafts tends to cause a problem of thrombosis formation. Because the structure of nanofibers, generally defined as fibers with a diameter below 1 μm, resembles the structure of an extracellular matrix, nanofibers are applied to scaffolds for regenerative medicine. Using nanofibers as the covering material of the stent graft can be expected to solve the problem of the stent graft. Previous studies have shown that a porous scaffold offers better surfaces to anchor and culture endothelial cells than a nonporous scaffold. Therefore, fibers with nanoorder dimples are expected to promote endothelialization. As a method of forming the dimple shape on the surface of the PET fiber, there is a method utilizing a difference in the volatilization rate of the solvent in the high humidity environment in the electrospinning method. For practical application of the stent graft to artificial blood vessels, the mechanical properties of the dimpled PET fiber should be clarified. In this study, the mechanical properties of single nanofibers and nonwoven fabrics of PET fibers with dimples on their surface were evaluated by tensile test. By forming the dimple shape on the fiber surface, the tensile strength of single PET fibers with dimples was 90 % lower than that of single PET fibers with a smooth surface. In the fabrication process of nonwoven fabric, the addition of EG delayed the volatilization of the PET solution, and the fibers adhered to each other. The bonding between the fibers contributed to the tensile strength of the nonwoven fabric.
Hexahedral-Based Smoothed Finite Element Method Using Volumetric-Deviatoric Split for Contact Problem
Authors: Oshiro Kai , Miyakubo Hiroka , Fujikawa Masaki , Makabe Chobin
Published: December 2018

A first-order hexahedral (H8)-element-based smoothed finite element method (S-FEM) with a volumetric-deviatoric split for nearly incompressible materials was developed for highly accurate deformation analysis of large-strain problems. In the proposed method, the isovolumetric part of the deformation gradient at the integration point is derived from F based on the beta finite element method (i.e., an S-FEM), whereas the volumetric part of the deformation gradient is derived from F on the basis of the standard FEM with reduced integration elements. This method targets H8 elements that are automatically generated from tetrahedral elements, which makes it quite practical. This is because the FE mesh can be created automatically even if the targeted object has a complex shape. This method eliminates the phenomena of volumetric and shear locking, and reduces pressure oscillations. The proposed method was implemented in the commercial FE software Abaqus and applied to the large-deformation contact problem to verify its effectiveness.
Evaluation of Fatigue Strength of Butt Joint by Intensity of Singular Stress Field
Authors: Miyazaki Tatsujiro , Matsuda Takeru , Naka Kaito
Published: December 2018

In this study, the fatigue fracture criterion of the adhesively bonded joint is discussed. The singular stress field is formed at the interface end in the butt joint and causes the debonding fracture. The singular stress field is represented with the intensity of singular stress field (ISSF). The static debonding strength of the adhesively bonded joints is expressed with a constant value of critical ISSF. The rotating-bending fatigue tests are carried out on the butt joints of 15mm in diameter with four different adhesive thicknesses of 109 - 159μm, 209 - 265μm, 393 - 432μm and 754 - 841μm. The evaluation method by the ISSF is applied to the experimental results. It is found that the fatigue strength of the butt joint can be expressed with the constant value of critical ISSF.
Die verbondstruktuur in die belydenisskrifte en formuliere
Authors: Koekemoer J.H.
Published: December 2018

No abstract available.
Modulation of Parkinson's disease by the gut microbiota
Authors: Eshaghpour Ali , Hassan Mohammed , Sager Mohamed , Ad'Dabbagh Yasser , Akhtar Mahmood
Published: December 2018

The gut microbiota consists of thousands of microbial species sharing a symbiotic relationship with the human host. These microorganisms have a well-defined role in maintaining optimal function through various avenues including metabolism and immunomodulation. A literature search was accomplished using Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, and relevant articles were nonsystematically reviewed. In states of dysregulation termed dysbiosis, the gut microbiota may play a role and can lead to various pathologies. Interestingly, pathological states are not entirely limited to the gut and have the potential to affect other systems. Notably, dysbiosis has been linked to several neurological pathologies, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Hallmarks of Parkinson's include buildup of Lewy bodies mediated by α-synucleinopathies, aggregation of misfolded proteins, and mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in various motor and gastrointestinal dysfunctions. The gut microbiota is implicated in contributing to this pathology through communication via the gut–brain axis. While there have been preliminary findings indicating the potential for a causal role of the gut microbiota in PD, further research is required before making solid conclusions.
How to write an effective clinical document?
Authors: Ghellai Ali , Elhafi Kafia , Ghellai Mamoon
Published: December 2018

Medical records are the most important practice tools used by doctors in their daily practice, regardless of specialty. The rule of thumb is “If it is not documented, it does not exist.” Deficiencies in the clinical documentation have been directly linked to increased incidence of adverse events and medical errors with resulting patient injury. Doctors are required to keep accurate and comprehensive medical records that will stand alone without their interpretation. An excellent medical record should be clear, concise, complete, accurate, and current factual record of clinical care. That must be recorded in a legible chronological and a confidential way while avoiding duplications and abbreviations. Written communication is vital to patients' quality of care, and thus this paper is dedicated to the basic written communication skills and concepts that are foundational to all healthcare professionals. In this practice point, we provide standardized templates for most common written documentation by physicians.
Predictors of relapse in graves' hyperthyroidism after treatment with antithyroid drugs
Authors: Lawgaly Sami , Kallousa Houda , Gerryo Salaheldin
Published: December 2018

Background: Choice of the treatment for patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism depends on local preference, the higher recurrence risk, comorbidities, and the patient's preferences. About half of the patients relapse after a course of a standard antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy for Graves' disease. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the clinical and biochemical features of Graves' hyperthyroidism that can predict the relapse of the disease after a standard course of ATD therapy. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective 6-month study of 79 patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism who were treated with ATD (carbimazole) therapy for 12–18 months and went into remission for at least 1 year after ATD withdrawal. Results: The relapse rate in Graves' hyperthyroidism after 1 year in remission was 40.5%; patients with younger age (<40 years) and with severe biochemical disease correlated significantly with relapse. Gender, presence of a palpable goiter, orbitopathy, and smoking habits were not significant predictors of relapse, perhaps because of the small sample size. Conclusions: Forty percent of Graves' hyperthyroidism relapsed after 1 year of remission. Younger age and severe biochemical disease at diagnosis predicted relapse.
Du délai de garantie en matière de tuberculose bovine
Authors: Logé Georges , Besnard J. , Huet J.-P.
Published: December 2018

La fixation du délai imparti à l’acquéreur d’un bovidé atteint de tuberculose, pour provoquer la nomination d’un expert, prête à sérieuse discussion.

L’interprétation la plus logique des textes et de la jurisprudence de la Cour de cassation, de sens assez incertain il est vrai, devrait conduire à un délai de quinze jours.

Epris de distinctions subtiles, des tribunaux inférieurs tendent à réduire le délai à neuf jours.
Essai de vaccination du Lapin contre le myxome infectieux au moyen d’un anavaccin
Authors: Resende Nilson , Garcia-Martinez A.
Published: December 2018

Le virus du myxome infectieux du lapin traité par le formol à 0,4 pour cent et 0,1 pour cent perd tout à fait sa virulence pour le Lapin au quatrième jour. Le virus ainsi traité et dilué au 1/10 peut être injecté sans occasionner de troubles à des lapins aux doses de 1 à 8 centimètres cubes. Le sérum de ces animaux présente un léger pouvoir virulicide, mais jamais les lapins n’ont résisté à l’injection de la dose mortelle minima, montrant par là l’absence d’une immunité active due à un vaccin.

Le virus du myxome, aussi bien sous forme d’anavaccin que vivant n’occasionne aucun trouble chez le Chien. Les sérums de Lapin et de Chien s’avèrent dépourvus de tout pouvoir virulicide.