bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boron Salicylate Ester Compounds as Boron Therapeutics. Their Synthesis, Structural Characterizations and Anticancer Effects Against MDA-MB-231
Authors: Bolat Melda , Köse Dursun Ali , Akbaba Sema
Published: September 2024

The element boron forms a wide range of borate minerals with different properties. Borate minerals make it possible to design boron-containing molecules with new biological properties in terms of their chemical structure and properties. It is known that boron compounds have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-cancer properties. This makes boron compounds important for the future development of boron chemotherapeutics, boron supplements and new drugs. Reliable scientific studies on boron compounds will facilitate the clear presentation of their functions in its biological applications and metabolism. In this study, boron monoester and boron diester structures were synthesized with salicylic acid ligand. To stabilize boron ester structures, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ cations were used as counter-ions. Structural properties of the synthesized substances, molecules obtained by crystallization/precipitation from aqueous solutions in solid state, elemental analysis, melting point determination, infrared spectroscopy analysis (FT-IR), thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), mass analysis (GC-MS) and single crystal analysis. Structural properties were tried to be explained by structure analysis (SC-XRD) methods. Additionally, the anticancer potential of boron salicylate esters against the MDA-MB-231 human breast adenocarcinoma cell line was examined. The K-B salicylate diester molecule was found to have the most potential potency with the lowest IC50 value against the MDA-MB-231 cell line. The anticancer potential of boron salicylate esters can be further investigated with other cancer models with the combination of anticancer drugs. It is also thought that the mechanism of action of these molecules may help reveal their further applications.
Exposure to a 0.9-GHz electromagnetic field on postnatal days 21-45 may trigger the renin-angiotensin system in male rat: a histological and biochemical study
Authors: Keleş Ayşe İkinci , Kaya Haydar , Keleş Gökhan , Erol Hüseyin Serkan , Mercantepe Tolga , ODACI Ersan
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and histological and biochemical changes occurring in the kidney tissue of male rats exposed to a 0.9 Gigahertz electromagnetic field (EMF). Twelve male rats aged 21 days were randomly assigned to control (C-Gr) and EMF (EMF-Gr) groups. No procedure was performed on C-Gr, while the EMF-Gr rats were exposed to a 0.9 Gigahertz EMF on postnatal days 21–45 (one hour a day for 25 days). Tissues were removed at the end of the experiment and evaluated using biochemical, histopathological, and stereological methods. Increased kidney tissue volume and weight and total body weight were determined in the group exposed to EMF. Lipid peroxidation, glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase also increased in the kidney tissue of the EMF-Gr rats. Histopathological evaluation revealed cortical/medullary bleeding/obstruction and widespread fibrosis, dilatation, vacuolization, and degeneration in distal and proximal tubules, decreased and atypical parietal cells, and degeneration in epithelial cells. Additionally, dilated and degenerated glomeruli in the Malpighian body, Bowman’s membrane degeneration and degeneration in the vascular pole, podocyte, pedicel and mesangial cells were also observed. As a result of exposure to EMF, oxidative stress, tissue volume and weight increased, and histopathological changes caused the formation of a pathway that triggers RAS in kidney tissues. In conclusion, long-term exposure to 0.9 GHz EMF can activate the renin-angiotensin system in the rat kidney, and we think that such activation may be associated with structural, histopathological, and biochemical changes occurring in renal tissue.
Effects of Oyster Shell Addition on Shrimp Aquaculture and the Dynamic Succession of Surface Biofilm Microbial Communities
Authors: Huang Xianke , Xiao Guoqiang , Zhang Xiang , Teng Shuangshuang , Li Ming , Cai Yilong , Chen Ran , Huang Xiaolin
Published: September 2024

In the context of Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture, the incorporation of oyster shells has proven beneficial for enhancing water quality and the growth conditions of the shrimp. Nonetheless, the specific effects of in-situ water treatment using oyster shells on water quality and shrimp growth, along with the composition and succession dynamics of the microbial community within oyster shell biofilms, have yet to be thoroughly investigated. This study established control, low-concentration, and high-concentration oyster shell addition groups to emulate the in-situ water treatment environment with oyster shells, with the objective of elucidating the impacts of oyster shell addition on the aquaculture setting. The results showed that the addition of oyster shells exerted positive influences on shrimp length, weight, and survival rate, without significant disparities between the high and low concentration groups. Additionally, oyster shell addition resulted in elevated phosphate levels, diminished nitrite levels, and increased nitrate concentrations. Within the biofilm, the relative abundances of Ruegeria, Tenacibaculum, BD2-11_terrestrial_group, and Kapabacteriales exhibited significant declines over time, whereas the relative abundance of Nitrospira demonstrated a marked increase, ultimately emerging as the predominant bacterium in the biofilm during the latter stages of the experiment. Nitrospira also exhibited a notably higher relative abundance in the microbial community of the experimental water group relative to the control group. This research offers valuable insights for the application of oyster shells in shrimp farming and contributes to the theoretical underpinnings necessary for advancing our understanding of the mechanisms through which oyster shell biofilms enhance water quality and foster shrimp health.
GNA14 may be a potential prognostic biomarker in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Hao Jinrong , Yu Xia , Xiong Lei , Deng Li , Lian Shifeng , Du Yun , Sun Shijun , Li Xiaoling , Ji Mingfang
Published: September 2024

Background:
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly invasive malignant tumor. Recurrence and distant metastasis represent the primary causes of treatment failure. This study aimed to identify biomarkers highly associated with NPC and investigate its roles in tumor progression.
Methods:
Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data of NPC and normal tissues were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. By analyzing the RNA-seq data, we found that G Protein Subunit Alpha 14 (GNA14) is closely associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of NPC. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of GNA14 in tumor tissues of 165 NPC patients, and we analyzed the relationship between GNA14 expression and patient prognosis. The potential mechanisms by which GNA14 affects tumor prognosis were preliminarily analyzed using bioinformatics analysis.
Results:
Analysis of RNA-seq data and IHC showed that GNA14 expression was downregulated in NPC (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively), and low expression of GNA14 was closely associated with poor prognosis. IHC analysis showed that patients with low GNA14 expression had significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) than those with high GNA14 expression (p = 0.023, p = 0.008, respectively). Multivariate analysis indicated that the GNA14 expression was an independent risk factor for DMFS (p= 0.030). The nomogram included GNA14 expression, EBV DNA, and N stage as prognostic factors and the concordance index (C-index) of the DMFS nomogram was 0.73. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that NPC patients with low GNA14 expression might represent lower levels of immune cell infiltration and poorer drug sensitivity.
Conclusion:
Low GNA14 expression may be a risk factor for poor prognosis in NPC.
Dominant species predict plant richness and biomass in global grasslands
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Seabloom Eric , Foo Jasmine , MacDougall Andrew , Harpole W , Adler Peter , Hautier Yann , Eisenhauer Nico , Spohn Marie , Bakker Jonathan , Lekberg Ylva , Young Alyssa , Carbutt Clinton , Risch Anita , Peri Pablo , Smith Nicholas , Stevens Carly , Prober Suzanne , Knops Johannes , Wardle Glenda , Dickman Christopher R. , Ebeling Anne , Roscher Christiane , Martinson Holly , Martina Jason , Power Sally , Niu Yujie , Ren Zhengwei , du guozhen , Virtanen Risto , Arnillas Carlos , Tognetti Pedro , Tedder Michelle , Jentsch Anke , Catford Jane , Borer Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

The bidirectional relationship between plant species richness and community biomass is often variable and poorly resolved in natural grassland ecosystems1–3, impeding progress in predicting impacts of environmental changes. In contrast, most biological communities have lognormal species abundance distributions (e.g., biomass, cover, number of individuals)4–7, a general property that may provide predictive power for species richness and community biomass. Here, we demonstrate mathematical relationships between community characteristics and the abundance of dominant species arising from the lognormal distribution and test these predictions using observational and experimental data from 76 grassland sites across six continents. We find that community biomass provides little predictive ability for community richness, consistent with previous findings3,8. In contrast, the relative abundance of dominant species quantitatively predicts species richness, whereas the absolute abundance of dominant species quantitatively predicts community biomass under both ambient and altered environmental conditions, as expected mathematically. These results are robust to the type of abundance measure used9. Simulated data further demonstrate the generality of these results. Our integrative framework, arising from a few dominant species and mathematical properties of species abundance distributions, fills a persistent gap in our ability to predict community richness and biomass under ambient and anthropogenically altered conditions1,10.
Genetic determinants of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) after alcohol withdrawal
Authors: Peregud Danil , Korolkov Alexey , Baronets Valeria , Kozlov Kirill , Lobacheva Anna , Arkus Maxim , Bairamova Sakeena , Solovieva Maria , Pavlova Olga , Pavlov Konstantin , Terebilina Natalia
Published: September 2024

Peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels increase during alcohol abstinence in dependent subjects. Meanwhile, the genetic determinants of circulating BDNF this context are poorly understood. Studies of associations between circulating BDNF and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the corresponding gene are mainly restricted by the most studied BDNF SNP rs6265. A recent GWAS demonstrated that the BDNF-related SNP rs75945125 is associated with serum BDNF. However, it is unknown whether this SNP is associated with changes in peripheral BDNF levels in the context of alcohol abstinence. We aimed to assess the association of the BDNF-related SNPs rs75945125 and rs6265 with changes in serum BDNF levels after alcohol withdrawal. Serum BDNF levels were assessed on 2nd, 7th, and 21st days after alcohol withdrawal. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome severity, craving severity, affective symptoms, and cognitive impairment were assessed on 7th and 21st days. BDNF SNPs rs75945125 and rs6265 were genotyped using real-time PCR. BDNF concentrations in the carriers of the rs75945125 C allele on 21st day were higher as compared with TT genotype carriers. BDNF SNP rs75945125 C allele carriers had a longer duration of problem drinking, consumed a lesser volume of alcohol in the last 3 months, and had lower severity of withdrawal syndrome on 7th day compared with TT genotype carriers. BDNF levels were moderated by rs75945125 and rs6265, as well as by the interaction of rs75945125×rs6265, whereas only the interaction of rs75945125×rs6265 had an effect on depression scores during abstinence. Thus, the trajectory of serum BDNF changes during alcohol abstinence is determined by both rs75945125 and rs6265. Moreover, BDNF gene-related SNPs are associated with the clinical parameters of alcohol dependence and withdrawal.
Microbiome spectra and prevalent colibactin-associated mutational process in Japanese colorectal cancer
Authors: Shibata Tatsuhiro , Shiba Satoshi , Yachida Shinichi , Mizutani Sayaka , Totoki Yasushi , Nakamura Hiromi , Hama Natsuko , Takamaru Hiroyuki , Arai Yasuhito , Saito-Adachi Mihoko , Rokutan Hirofumi , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Saito Yutaka , Yamada Takuji
Published: September 2024

The recent rapid increase in colorectal cancer (CRC) cases, particularly among young patients, poses a significant public health concern in Japan and other countries. The association between the gut microbiota and CRC has been well established. Here, we present a detailed analysis of this association by combining whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and whole-transcriptome data from CRC tissues with whole-genome metagenomic sequencing (WGMS) of fecal samples. The utilization of explanatory artificial intelligence analysis enabled classification of the disease into four distinct subtypes. This microbiome-based subclassification was found to be correlated with specific clinical and molecular characteristics, and included a subgroup having a higher proportion of younger patients with an unfavorable prognosis. The WGS analysis revealed mutational signatures (SBS88 and ID18) associated with colibactin exposure; these were considered early clonal events and found in 70.3% of patients (97 out of 138), with higher prevalence in the younger subtype. APC hotspot mutation and frameshift deletion, which matched the colibactin signature and the colibactin-specific motif, were observed in 12 patients (8.7%). CRCs exhibiting colibactin-associated mutational signatures were more common in younger patients and had an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Colibactin exposure is a highly prevalent but modifiable risk factor for CRC in the Japanese population.
Self-powered hydrogel improves bone regeneration via bone drived biomechanical piezoelectricity
Authors: Li Yulin , Zhang Shuyan , Huang Lei , Chen Weisin , Chen Qi , Liu Xin , Su Di-Han , Xiao Lan , Zhou Dong , Zhang Jian , Jiang Li-Bo
Published: September 2024

Large bone defect healing remains a challenge in current clinical treatment, which suggests the need for functional bone repair materials. Piezoelectric materials can generate electrical stimulation under mechanical stress to improve the tissue healing environment, which are emerging candidates for tissue engineering. We created a self-powered piezoelectric hydrogel by simply blending the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and regenerating silk fibroin (RSF). Our piezoelectric hydrogel showed controllable and excellent mechanical and piezoelectric properties which could generate electrical stimulation to promote bone tissue healing. Incorporating ZnO into RSF hydrogels not only enhanced their mechanical properties by 1.7 times and increased piezoelectric output by 2.8 times, but also mitigated the degradation rate. In vitro experiments showed that piezoelectric hydrogels significantly promoted osteogenesis differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and enhanced vascular network reconstitution. In vivo experiments verified the osteogenic and angiogenic potential of ZnO/RSF piezoelectric hydrogels. ZnO/RSF piezoelectric hydrogel, a simple but universal strategy of RSF-based material to generate electric currents by body movement, provides new insight into piezoelectric hydrogel application and bone tissue engineering.
The Interrelation between Autistic Children’s Socio-Emotional Skills, Parent Mental Health, and the Parent-Child Relationship
Authors: Franco Maïte , Costa Andreia P.
Published: September 2024

Autistic people often struggle with socio-emotional skills and have idiosyncratic behavior and sensory preferences, which can lead to several adverse outcomes, including challenging behaviors. This can create parenting stress and mental health issues in parents, which, in turn, might challenge the parent-child relationship and subsequently affect their parenting socio-emotional skills. Thus, autistic children’s reduced socio-emotional skills and increased behavioral problems, parent’s mental health, and the parent-child relationship might underlie a spiraling interrelation that can cause detrimental effects for both children and their parents.
To examine the relationship between these four constructs, data were collected in person from 39 children (21 autistic; 18 neurotypical), one of their parents, and the class teacher. Measures included the WNV, SRS-2, ASEBA, ERSSQ, CPRS, WHO-5, and MDI.
Results indicated that although parents of autistic children reported worse psychological well-being and autistic children had reduced socio-emotional skills and more problem behavior, the parent-child relationship did not differ between autism and neurotypical families. Multiple regression analyses showed that parent-child closeness was positively related to parent psychological well-being and that children’s socio-emotional skills difficulties related to more parent-child conflict. However, partial-correlations revealed that children’s socio-emotional skills, parent mental health, and parent-child relationships might interrelate differently in autism families than in neurotypical families, which might have a valuable influence on interventions targeting mental health issues and socio-emotional skills difficulties in autism.
Language(s) in Autism: Adult Children- and Parent-Reports on the Relationship between Language Use, Family Functioning, and Mental Health
Authors: Franco Maïte , Costa Andreia P.
Published: September 2024

Societies have become more international, and the daily use of multiple languages is steadily increasing. However, parents of autistic people are often told to refrain from using multiple languages with their children and to use the culturally predominant language. However, family members might not be sufficiently proficient, and tongue-tied interactions might affect family members’ mental health and family interaction, possibly indirectly affecting children’s development via maladaptive parenting practices.
We used adult children (n = 29) and parent (n = 47) reports of families with autistic and neurotypical children to examine the relationships between language use, family functioning, and mental health. The questionnaire was offered online and included measures such as the SRS-2, Die Familienbögen, WHO-5, MDI, and WHOQOL-BREF, as well as questions about language and family culture created for this study.
Results identified differences in language use and underlying reasons between autism and control groups. Furthermore, our findings revealed alarming mental health difficulties and problematic family functioning in autistic adults. Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression further emphasized the importance of children’s socio-emotional skills, absence of depressive symptoms, and physical and environmental quality of life for family functioning.
Our findings stress the urgency of mental health difficulties in autistic people and problematic family functioning, which might yet again reinforce mental health challenges reciprocally and offer valuable information for interventions targeting mental health, family functioning, and language use in autism.
Effective coverage cascade of the maternal healthcare continuum in Cameroon: An analysis of inequalities from service contact to quality-adjusted coverage
Authors: Souaibou Moussa , Sandie Arsène Brunelle , Barros Aluisio J D , Dzossa Anaclet Désiré , Sidze Estelle Monique
Published: September 2024

Background: The progressive increase in maternal health (MH) coverage observed in Cameroon over the past decades has not been accompanied by a satisfactory reduction in maternal mortality. In this study, we analysed inequalities in service contact, intervention care and quality-adjusted coverage of maternal healthcare continuum in order to assess the capacity of the health system to provide comprehensive and equitable care.
Methods: We combined data from the 2018 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey and the 2015 Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care Evaluation Survey of Health Facilities to estimate the quality-adjusted coverage of antenatal care and intra- and postpartum care. Inequalities were assessed using absolute and relative inequality measures.
Results: Contact coverage for antenatal care services was 86.3% (95% CI: 85.4-87.1), but only 14.4% (95% CI: 13.7-15.1) of women had the opportunity to receive comprehensive antenatal care of optimal quality. Similarly, contact coverage for intra- and postpartum care was 68.5% (95% CI: 67.3-69.6), but only 31.4% (95% CI: 19.6-26.4) of women had the opportunity to receive optimal quality intra- and postpartum care. The missed opportunity for health benefits was greater for intra- and postpartum care than for antenatal care (20.0% vs. 10.9%). There are large inequalities in the quality-adjusted coverage of the continuum of maternal healthcare by region, place of residence, religion, level of education and wealth quintile index. Relative inequalities are accentuated when the quality of MH services is taken into account. Although all categories of women are affected by the loss of opportunities for health benefits, it is the most advantaged socioeconomic groups who are most affected.
Conclusion: Our results highlight the importance of using effective coverage indicators specific to maternal health care, and of combining measures of relative and absolute inequalities to establish priorities and propose recommendations to policy-makers adapted to the context of low- and middle-income countries.
Advanced AI-Assisted Panoramic Radiograph Analysis for Periodontal Prognostication and Alveolar Bone Loss Detection
Authors: Jundaeng Jarupat , Chamchong Rapeeporn , Nithikathkul Choosak
Published: September 2024

Aim & Background: Periodontal diseases are a significant public health concern, affecting over a billion people worldwide. Conventional diagnostic and prognostic methods, which rely on clinical examination and radiographic interpretation for each tooth, often lack consistency and are labor-intensive and time-consuming. This highlights the need for more reliable and efficient tools to improve these processes. This study aims to develop an innovative AI-driven model for analyzing panoramic radiographs to detect alveolar bone loss and determine periodontal prognostication.
Materials and methods: A balanced dataset of 2,000 panoramic radiographs, equally representing periodontally healthy individuals and those with periodontitis, was collected. Image enhancement techniques were applied, and an AI model using YOLOv8 was developed to segment teeth, identify the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), and assess alveolar bone levels to quantify bone loss and classify the prognosis for each tooth.
Results: The teeth segmentation model achieved precision, recall, and F1 scores of 0.8, 0.9, and 0.8, respectively. The CEJ and alveolar bone level segmentation model demonstrated high performance, with scores of 0.9, 1.0, and 0.9. These results highlight the model’s capability to accurately identify critical features of periodontal disease, reducing diagnostic variability and enhancing prognostic assessments.
Conclusion: This AI model sets a new benchmark for detecting alveolar bone loss and determining periodontal prognostication. The developed AI model offers a promising solution by providing quicker, less labor-intensive, and more precise alternatives to current diagnostic approaches.
Clinical Significance: The model’s ability to provide consistent, objective assessments can significantly reduce the workload of dental professionals, ensuring better patient outcomes.
Investigating the Expression and the Activity Patterns of Proteasomal Subunits in Livers with HBV infection and HBV-Derived HCC
Authors: Januzzi Ayse Tarbin , Sari Gulce , Arslan-Eseryel Sema , Zeybel Mujdat , Yilmaz Yusuf , Dayangac Murat , Yigit Buket , Arga Kazim Yalcin , Boonstra Andre , Eren Fatih , Karademir-Yilmaz Betul
Published: September 2024

Background & Aims:
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent types of liver cancer worldwide, with chronic infection of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) being a major risk factor. The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a critical role in protein degradation, cellular homeostasis, and cell cycle regulation. Dysregulation of proteasomal activity has been implicated in various cancers, including HCC. However, the specific expression patterns of proteasomal subunits in HBV infection and HBV-induced HCC remain poorly understood. Additionally, it is not known whether the mRNA expression of proteasome subunits correlates with the activity.
Methods & Results:
To fill this knowledge gap, we analyzed the proteasomal subunit mRNA expression levels in a liver-humanized mouse model after HBV infection. We found that the chymotrypsin-like activity (β5) subunit of the proteasome (PSMB5) was overexpressed after HBV infection. β5-deficient cells showed lower cell surface MHC I levels and increased accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins indicating an expression-function correlation. Similar to the mRNA expression data, protein levels of β5 subunit was higher in HBV-infected patient livers, and the infected liver tissue showed higher chymotrypsin-like proteolytic activity. The Protein Atlas data analysis also indicated that higher mRNA expression of β5 is associated with poor prognosis in HCC.
Conclusions
In summary, HBV infection increases both protein levels and the proteolytic activity of proteasomes in infected livers. The dynamics of protein degradation by proteasomes in HBV infected livers with HCC is of great importance to be able to develop better treatment strategies.
IRF2 loss is associated with reduced MHC I pathway transcripts in subsets of most human cancers and causes resistance to checkpoint immunotherapy in human and mouse melanomas
Authors: Sari Gulce , Dhatchinamoorthy Karthik , Orellano-Ariza Laura , Ferreira Lindsay M , Brehm Michael A. , Rock Kenneth
Published: September 2024

Background
In order for cancers to progress, they must evade elimination by CD8 T cells or other immune mechanisms. CD8 T cells recognize and kill tumor cells that display immunogenic tumor peptides bound to MHC I molecules. One of the ways that cancers can escape such killing is by reducing expression of MHC I molecules, and loss of MHC I is frequently observed in tumors. There are multiple different mechanisms that can underly the loss of MHC I complexes on tumor and it is currently unclear whether there are particular mechanisms that occur frequently and, if so, in what types of cancers. Also of importance to know is whether the loss of MHC I is reversible and how such loss and/or its restoration would impact responses to immunotherapy. Here, we investigate these issues for loss of IRF1 and IRF2, which are transcription factors that drive expression of MHC I pathway genes and some killing mechanisms.
Methods
Bioinformatics analyses of IRF2 and IRF2-dependent gene transcripts were performed for all human cancers in the TCGA RNAseq database. IRF2 protein-DNA-binding was analyzed in ChIPseq databases. CRISRPcas9 was used to knock out IRF1 and IRF2 genes in human and mouse melanoma cells and the resulting phenotypes were analyzed in vitro and in vivo.
Results
Transcriptomic analysis revealed that IRF2 expression was reduced in a substantial subset of cases in almost all types of human cancers. When this occurred there was a corresponding reduction in the expression of IRF2-regulated genes that were needed for CD8 T cell recognition. To test cause and effect for these IRF2 correlations and the consequences of IRF2 loss, we gene-edited IRF2 in a patient-derived melanoma and a mouse melanoma. The IRF2 gene-edited melanomas had reduced expression of transcripts for genes in the MHC I pathway and decreased levels of MHC I complexes on the cell surface. Levels of Caspase 7, an IRF2 target gene involved in CD8 T cell killing of tumors, were also reduced. This loss of IRF2 caused both human and mouse melanomas to become resistant to immunotherapy with a checkpoint inhibitor. Importantly, these effects were reversible. Stimulation of the IRF2-deficient melanomas with interferon induced the expression of a functionally homologous transcription factor, IRF1, which then restored the MHC I pathway and responsiveness to CPI.
Conclusions
Our study shows that a subset of cases within most types of cancers downregulates IRF2 and that this can allow cancers to escape immune control. This can cause resistance to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy and is reversible with currently available biologics.
The effects of chrononutrition, chronotype and sleep behavior variabilities on adiposity traits and appetite sensations among a sample of urban Malaysian adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Say Yee-How , Nordin Mimi Shamirah , Ng Alvin Lai Oon
Published: September 2024

Background
We investigated the association of chrononutrition (circadian timing of food intake) and sleep behavior (sleep time, wake up time, sleep duration) variabilities, and chronotype with adiposity traits and appetite sensations among a sample of urban Malaysian adults at Sunway City.
Methods
A total of 220 participants (M/F = 57/163; aged 22.02 ± 5.19), recorded their meal times, dietary intake, and appetite sensations (via Visual Analogue Scale) before and after meals, for two weekdays and one weekend. Sleep behavior was tracked objectively using an activity wristband, while chronotype was assessed by the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Anthropometrics and body compositions like waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), total body fat (TBF), visceral fat level (VFL), skeletal muscle percentage (SM) and resting metabolism (RM) were measured.
Results
Chrononutrition and sleep behaviors did not differ significantly between genders, but overall participants had significantly later breakfast, lunch, eating midpoint, wake up time, sleep duration, lunch and afternoon latencies during weekend, compared to weekdays. Those who belonged to the delay eating jetlag group had significantly higher weekday, but lower weekend eating windows. Larger caloric intake later in the day was significantly associated with lower BMI, TBF and VFL, but higher SM. Interestingly, higher days of skipping breakfast were significantly associated with lower WC, WHR, and RM. Delay lunch and eating jetlag classes were significantly associated with higher WHR and SM, respectively. Delayed morning and afternoon chrononutrition behaviors were associated with higher hunger and eating thoughts, and lower fullness sensations pre- and post-meals. The morning chronotype was associated with lower satisfaction and fullness sensations post-breakfast, but higher same sensations pre-dinner.
Conclusions
In conclusion, our study found that larger caloric intake later in the day and advanced lunch jetlag led to lower adiposity, which could be due to lower pre- and post-meal hunger sensations associated with healthier chrononutrition behaviors and morning chronotype. However, the notion of breakfast-skipping leading to obesity was not supported. Here, we offered new insights into modern eating and sleeping habits influencing adiposity and appetite sensations.
Economical Prosthodontic Management of Microstomia Patient with Hinge Denture -
Authors: Dutta Arjita , Rohit Kumar Singh  , Suyog Pradhan
Published: September 2024

Microstomia is an abnormally reduced oral aperture. In the literature, it is not classified by any particular size criteria, rather defined by its effects on function and esthetics. Prosthodontic management of edentulous patients with microstomia is a challenging task. Use of conventional methods for recording an impression and fabricating prosthesis is not effective in such patients. To fabricate well-fitting prosthesis, accuracy of impression recording important anatomic landmarks is essential. Formation of an exacting custom tray and diagnostic cast is critical for final impression accuracy. Provision of a well-fitting prosthesis in microstomia patient will restore esthetics, comfort, and function with oral and systemic patient wellbeing. This paper presents a case report of managing an edentulous microstomia patient with sectional removable prosthesis.
Role of various artifacts in histopathology : a narrative review
Authors: HIMANSHU SINGH  , GOYAL ANKIT , GARG ARUNEE , TOMAR URVASHI , SHARMA DHEERAJ , AIREN BHUVNESH
Published: September 2024

The noteworthiness of appropriate handling of tissue samples is valuable for histopathological diagnosis. Preciseness of tissue sample diagnosis by pathologists is profoundly reliant on the proficiency of histotechnologists. Artifacts are known as fault or glitches that happens at several stages like collection of sample, during processing, embedding, and mounting of the tissue sample. Thus, it is crucial to determine the frequently occurring artifacts. In this review, literature or information on artifacts is discussed. English language articles were scrutinize in plentiful directory or databases like Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar.
Knowledge, attitude and practice about effects of oil pulling and its health benefits among Undergraduate Dental students in Bareilly city:A cross sectional study
Authors: De Sriparna , Sharma Shivangi , N Sathyajith , Vashisth Pallavi , Dua Rasleen , Maheshwari Priya
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND-Despite the growing and advancing technological methods of treating various diseases, the most straightforward and less complicated method of treating diseases without any side effects dates back to ancient ayurvedic herbs and practices.
AIM-This survey was conducted to evaluate and compare the knowledge,attitude and practice of the dental students towards oil pulling and its role in maintaining oral hygiene.
METHODOLOGY-This survey was conducted using a pre-validated questionnaire consisting of 16 questions about the knowledge,attitude and practice regarding oil pulling and its effects on oral health that was circulated among the dental students.Descriptive statistics was used in terms of the frequency and percentage and the independent t-test were employed to check the association between the survey questions.
RESULTS-Out of 120 dental students, 61.7% knew what oil pulling is. Although 49.2% think that dentist should prescribe oil pulling for maintenance of oral hygiene,40.8% are not sure whether it can be used for daily use.
CONCLUSION-This study highlights need for educational interventions on the importance of oil pulling.More awareness needs to be created among the dental students regarding how oil pulling positively influences oral health and serves to be an affordable and less harmful alternative to chemical medication.
Nonequilibrium quasiparticle distribution in superconducting resonators: Effect of pair-breaking photons
Authors: Fischer Paul B. , Catelani Gianluigi
Published: September 2024

Many superconducting devices rely on the finite gap in the excitation spectrum of a superconductor: thanks to this gap, at temperatures much smaller than the critical one the number of excitations (quasiparticles) that can impact the device’s behavior is exponentially small. Nevertheless, experiments at low temperature usually find a finite, non-negligible density of quasiparticles whose origin has been attributed to various non-equilibrium phenomena. Here, we investigate the role of photons with energy exceeding the pair-breaking threshold 2\Delta2Δ as a possible source for these quasiparticles in superconducting resonators. Modeling the interacting system of quasiparticles, phonons, sub-gap and pair-breaking photons using a kinetic equation approach, we find analytical expressions for the quasiparticles’ density and their energy distribution. Applying our theory to measurements of quality factor as function of temperature and for various readout powers, we find they could be explained by assuming a small number of photons above the pair-breaking threshold. We also show that frequency shift data can give evidence of quasiparticle heating.
Prospects for assessing the level of tissue IgE and the use of biological therapy in children with polypous rhinosinusitis
Authors: Shabelnikova E. I. , Pampura A. N. , Asmanov A. I. , Pivneva N. D.
Published: September 2024

The review describes the mechanism of T2 inflammation and its relationship with chronic polypous rhinosinusitis. The authors conducted a search and systematization of data on the treatment of polypous rhinosinusitis using monoclonal antibodies that act on various biomarkers, and touched upon the problem of local IgE inflammation in the nasal mucosa.
The functional state of the respiratory system of the patients with proximal spinal muscular atrophy 5q (SMA 5q): from the natural history of the disease to the era of pathogenetic therapy. Problems and expectations
Authors: Rastegina S. E. , Vlodavets D. V. , Mizernitskiy Yu. L.
Published: September 2024

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy 5q is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease. This disorder is characterized by progressive symptoms of flaccid paralysis and muscular atrophy due to degeneration of α-motor neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord. The disease is caused by the lack of a fully functional SMN protein due to homozygous deletion of exon 7 in the SMN1 gene. For a long time, spinal muscular atrophy was the leading genetic cause of infant mortality. With the introduction of modern pathogenetic treatment methods that modify the disease, the duration and quality of life of patients increases, and a “blurring of boundaries” between types of spinal muscular atrophy and the formation of new phenotypes happens. In this regard, approaches to patient management, including approaches to the assessment and correction of respiratory disorders, are changing. The review of the available medical literature was conducted. The clinical studies on spinal muscular atrophy in the natural course of the disease and with the use of pathogenetic drugs were analyzed, as well as the data on the state of the respiratory system of the patients.
Dynamics of postural control indicators during postneonatal medical habilitation in infants with impaired motor development, born at different gestational ages
Authors: Samsonova T. V. , Krivonogov V. A. , Nazarov S. B.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Diseases of the nervous system, among which perinatal lesions of the central nervous system and their consequences, occupy a leading place in the structure of morbidity and disability in infants of the first year of life. An urgent clinical task is to search for new objective criteria for the effectiveness of ongoing treatment and rehabilitation measures in patients who suffered perinatal lesions of the nervous system.

   Purpose. To assess the dynamics of postural control indicators during the postneonatal medical habilitation in infants with impaired motor development, born at different gestational ages.

   Material and methods. We examined 64 infants of the first year of life with impaired motor development, born at different stages of gestation (main group) and 16 healthy full-term infants (control group). Patients of the main group were divided into 4 subgroups: 1st (n = 16) were extremely premature, 2nd (n = 16) — moderately premature, 3rd (n = 16) — late preterm and 4th (n =  16) — full-term infants. The examination was conducted at 3–4 months of calendar (for full-term) and corrected (for premature babies) age and included a clinical assessment of postural control and computer stabilography, which were conducted before and after completion of the course of medical habilitation.

   Results. The severity of the dynamics of postural control indicators in infants of different gestational ages with impaired motor development was different and was maximum in very premature patients.

   Conclusion. The identified features of the dynamics of clinical and functional indicators in infants of the studied subgroups indicate the prospect of further development of objective criteria for assessing the effectiveness of treatment and habilitation measures. Their use will help ensure a personalized approach to the management of patients with motor development disorders and increase the effectiveness of medical habilitation.
Associations of polymorphisms of glutathione-S-transferase and N-acetyltransferase 2 genes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Sjemschikova Yu. P. , Stepanenko L. A. , Peretolchina N. P. , Bokova T. A. , Barzunova T. V. , Kozlov Yu. A. , Malov S. I. , Tolmacheva O. P. , Malov I. V.
Published: September 2024

The development of personalized medicine is inextricably linked with the study of the patient’s genetic profile, which determines not only the features of the course of the disease, but also the risks of its occurrence.

   Purpose. The aim of the work was to study possible associations between the genetic polymorphisms GSTT1, GSTM1, NAT2 and predisposition to the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children of the East Siberian region.

   Material and methods. A total of 82 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 227 healthy volunteers with no history of hematological pathology were examined. Deletion polymorphisms in the glutathione S-transferase GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with electrophoretic detection of amplification products in agarose gel; the type of acetylation was determined by genotyping SNP rs1495741 of the NAT2 gene by conducting a polymerase chain reaction in real time. The material for the study was DNA samples isolated from buccal epithelium samples.

   Results. Statistical processing allowed us to draw the following conclusions: the rate of acetylation of xenobiotics does not affect the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children of the Caucasian ethnic group of the East Siberian region.

   Conclusion. There is no associative relationship between deletions in the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and the risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children of the Caucasian ethnic group of the East Siberian region. It was found that the risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children was significantly higher with the variant of combinations of alleles of the rapid type of NAT2 acetylation and normal activity of GSST1 and GSTM1 (G/G, active, active).
The importance of determining the concentration of myco- phenolic acid in children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Morozov S. L. , Dlin V. V. , Obukhova V. A. , Petrosyan E. K. , Zolkina I. V. , Pakhomova V. P. , Voinova V. Yu.
Published: September 2024

Despite the significant effectiveness of steroid therapy, specialists face serious difficulties in managing patients with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome, which requires the prescription of immunosuppressive therapy. Among the available adjuvant drugs, mycophenolate mofetil stands out as a preferred option due to its safety profile, good tolerability, and high efficacy. Currently, only a few studies are presented in the literature on the effectiveness of the use of mycophenolic acid in children with nephrotic syndrome, which is explained by the complexity of the pharmacokinetics of the drug.

   The article presents the results of a study whose purpose was to evaluate the value of determining mycophenolic acid in patients with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome to maintain stable clinical and laboratory remission of the disease.

   The study examined 78 patients aged 1 to 18 years with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. The results demonstrated that determination of mycophenolic acid concentrations in children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome is an effective method for monitoring therapy for nephrotic syndrome in aunts. Determining the concentration of mycophenolic acid at the C0 point is a highly specific and sensitive method for predicting the development of relapses of the disease, while a mycophenolic acid concentration level of more than 3.2 μg/ml can serve as a minimum guideline for monitoring the use of mycophenolic acid in children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.
Klinefelter syndrome in a patient with double Y-autosomal translocation
Authors: Chernykh V. B. , Bostanova F. M. , Sorokina T. M. , Shtaut M. I. , Melikyan L. P. , Schagina O. A. , Shilova N. V.
Published: September 2024

Klinefelter syndrome is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities and the most common genetic cause of male infertility. About 85 % of patients have 47,XXY karyotype, other patients have other non-mosaic and mosaic Klinefelter syndrome variants. We report a unique clinical case — Klinefelter syndrome patient with double Y autosomal translocation. The proband is a 15-year-old male patient (height 180 cm, weight 50 kg, normal IQ) who was admitted for cytogenetic examination and genetic counseling due to delayed puberty. He was diagnosed with testicular hypoplasia, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, pituitary microadenoma and left-sided varicocele. The proband was born in a nonconsanguineous marriage after in vitro fertilization due to paternal male factor infertility. Cytogenetic analysis was performed on cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes using standard chromosome analysis with GTG staining and FISH analysis. Molecular analysis of the Y chromosome was performed by multiplex PCR. Complex cytogenetic examination revealed a 46,XX,der(Y) t(Y;15)(q12;q11.1),der(13)t(Y;13)(q12;p11.2),-15 karyotype in the proband. Molecular analysis showed that the proband is SRY positive; no microdeletion of the Y chromosome was found. The detected double Y autosomal translocation is a chromosomal abnormality independent of KS. The father of the proband is an oligozoospermic man with robertsonian translocation 13;15 — 45,XY,der(13;15)(q10;q10), the mother has a normal karyotype 46,XX. Apparently, the der(13) and der(Y) chromosomes result from abnormal meiotic recombination in paternal meiosis between the heterochromatic region Yq12 and the centromeric/pericentromeric heterochromatin of chromosomes 13 and 15 involved in the paternal robertsonian translocation, and Klinefelter syndrome is due to the presence of two X chromosomes in the karyotype in the presence of a derivative Y chromosome. The detected double Y-autosomal translocation is a chromosomal abnormality unrelated to Klinefelter syndrome, arising on the background of the paternal robertsonian translocation.