bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supply and demand of higher vocational education in China: Comprehensive evaluation and geographical representation from the perspective of educational equality
Authors: Han Yong , Ni Ruixing , Deng Yating , Zhu Yuanyuan
Published: October 2023

The imbalanced regional development of higher vocational education, particularly the disparity between the supply and demand of educational resources, has emerged as the primary factor impeding the provision of high-quality higher education in China during the establishment of a universal education system. Based on the 1,482 higher vocational education institutions recognized by the Ministry of Education of China in 2021 as the research objects, the development of higher vocational education in China was explored from the perspective of supply and demand using the entropy weight TOPSIS method and coupling coordination degree model. It was found that China’s higher vocational institutions were mainly located in provincial capitals, representing a point distribution pattern. From a comprehensive evaluation of the supply level, areas such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta, and central Henan Province have become the catchment areas for the development of higher vocational education, laying the foundation for regional network cooperation. From the perspective of educational equality, the higher vocational education in China was found to be sufficient to match the supply and demand, and a balance between supply and demand was apparent in provincial capitals. The coupling degree between supply and demand exhibited an “olive-type” spatial structure pattern, indicating that the development of higher vocational education in most cities in China is still in the transformation stage. The results provide a scientific basis for optimizing resources in the provision of higher vocational education.
Littoral sediment arsenic concentrations predict arsenic trophic transfer and human health risk in contaminated lakes
Authors: Hull Erin A. , Stiling Rebekah R. , Barajas Marco , Neumann Rebecca B. , Olden Julian D. , Gawel James E.
Published: October 2023

Lake sediments store metal contaminants from historic pesticide and herbicide use and mining operations. Historical regional smelter operations in the Puget Sound lowlands have resulted in arsenic concentrations exceeding 200 μg As g-1 in urban lake sediments. Prior research has elucidated how sediment oxygen demand, warmer sediment temperatures, and alternating stratification and convective mixing in shallow lakes results in higher concentrations of arsenic in aquatic organisms when compared to deeper, seasonally stratified lakes with similar levels of arsenic pollution in profundal sediments. In this study we examine the trophic pathways for arsenic transfer through the aquatic food web of urban lakes in the Puget Sound lowlands, measuring C and N isotopes–to determine resource usage and trophic level–and total and inorganic arsenic in primary producers and primary and secondary consumers. Our results show higher levels of arsenic in periphyton than in other primary producers, and higher concentrations in snails than zooplankton or insect macroinvertebrates. In shallow lakes arsenic concentrations in littoral sediment are similar to deep profundal sediments due to arsenic remobilization, mixing, and redeposition, resulting in direct arsenic exposure to littoral benthic organisms such as periphyton and snails. The influence of littoral sediment on determining arsenic trophic transfer is evidenced by our results which show significant correlations between total arsenic in littoral sediment and total arsenic in periphyton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, snails, and fish across multiple lakes. We also found a consistent relationship between percent inorganic arsenic and trophic level (determined by δ15N) in lakes with different depths and mixing regimes. Cumulatively, these results combine to provide a strong empirical relationship between littoral sediment arsenic levels and inorganic arsenic in edible species that can be used to screen lakes for potential human health risk using an easy, inexpensive sampling and analysis method.
The Centre for Multilingualism and Diversities Research at the University of the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors:   University of the Western Cape, Stroud Christopher
Published: October 2023

There is an urgency in theorising how diversity is negotiated, communicated, and disputed as a matter of everyday ordinariness that is compounded by the clear linkages between diversity, transformation, voice, agency, poverty and health. The way in which difference is categorised, somatised and reconfigured in multiple languages across quotidian encounters and in public and media forums is a central dynamic in how poverty and disadvantage are distributed and reproduced across social and racial categorisations. In the South African context, finding ways of productively harnessing diversity in the building of a better society must be a priority.
Aux champs, à l’atelier et à la mine
Authors: Knittel Fabien , Mariotti Nadège , Raggi Pascal
Published: October 2023

Penser et étudier le travail en histoire, entraine souvent une investigation au cœur de l’usine concentrée. Or, l’usine concentrée urbaine n’est pas le seul lieu du travail. Les mondes ruraux connaissent le travail agricole depuis le Néolithique, et si l’on resserre la focale au travail industriel, il existe autant à la campagne qu’en ville, autant au champ, à l’atelier qu’à la mine. C’est ce travail hors l’usine qui nous intéresse dans ce dossier.
Efficacy of a Commercial Physical Activity Monitor in Longitudinal Tracking of Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rosenzweig Eliana , Villeda Gerson Antonio Valencia , Crook Sarah , Koli Fatima , Rosenzweig Erika B. , Krishnan Usha S.
Published: October 2023

Background

Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension have quality-of-life limitations, decreased exercise capacity, and poor prognosis if the condition is left untreated. Standard exercise testing is routinely performed to evaluate patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension but may be limited in its ability to monitor activity levels in daily living.

Objective

To evaluate the validity of the commercial Fitbit Charge HR as a tool to assess real-time exercise capacity as compared with standard exercise testing.

Methods

Ambulatory pediatric and adult patients were enrolled and given a Fitbit with instructions to continuously wear the device during waking hours. Patients underwent a 6-minute walk test, cardiopulmonary exercise test, and a 36-Item Short Form Health Survey on the day of enrollment and follow-up. Twenty-seven ambulatory patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension were enrolled, and 21 had sufficient data for analyses (median age, 25 years [range, 13-59 years]; 14 female participants).

Results

Daily steps measured by the Fitbit had a positive correlation with 6-minute walk distance (r = 0.72, P = .03) and an inverse trend with World Health Organization functional class. On the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, 77% of patients reported improvement in vitality (P = .055). At follow-up, there was a strong correlation between number of steps recorded by Fitbit and role limitations because of physical problems (r = 0.88, P = .02) and weaker correlations with other quality-of-life markers.

Conclusion

The findings of this pilot study suggest activity monitors may have potential as a simple and novel method of assessing longitudinal exercise capacity and activity levels in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Further study in larger cohorts of patients is warranted to determine which accelerometer measures correlate best with outcomes.
Pengaruh Volume Impor Bawang Putih Terhadap Harga Eceran Bawang Putih di Indonesia
Authors: Arzia Ulfathul , Riyanto Riyanto
Published: October 2023

Garlic import has been carried out by Indonesian government in 2011-2020 because domestic production is only sufficient for about three to five percent of people’s needs. The addition supply of imported garlic in domestic market due to the import policy is expected to reduce garlic retail price. This study aims to examine the effect of garlic import volume on garlic retail price in Indonesia. By using Distributed Lag Model (DL-Model) and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) with monthly data for Januari 2011 – December 2020, this study shows that the effect of garlic imports volume begins to reduce the retail price of garlic after one month of import implementation. The effect continues to be significant up to 6 months after the import implementation. These results indicate, within a period of one month (short term), the policy of importing garlic has not been able to affect the retail price of garlic. However, in the long term (after one month to 6 months), the policy of importing garlic significantly affects the decline in retail prices of garlic.
Potencial do fungo Beauveria bassiana no controle do ácaro-da-necrose Aceria guerreronis (Acari: Eriophyidae)
Authors: Farias Santana Samuel , Dos Santos Francisco José , Pimentel Farias Adriano , Teodoro Adenir Vieira
Published: October 2023

O ácaro-da-necrose, Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae), é a principal praga do coqueiro no Brasil. O controle químico com acaricidas é amplamente utilizado para controlar essa praga. Frente aos diversos problemas sociais, econômicos e ambientais ocasionados pelo uso indiscriminado de acaricidas, são necessárias alternativas ambientalmente viáveis para o controle dessa praga como o uso de fungos entomopatogênicos. Assim, este trabalho objetivou estimar a letalidade do fungo Beauveria bassiana (Bals.)Vuill. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) a A. guerreronis e avaliar a seletividade do óleo de nim, óleo mineral e da calda sulfocálcica no crescimento micelial do fungo in vitro. Esses óleos e a calda são defensivos alternativos usados no controle de pragas do coqueiro, no entanto não se conhece seus possíveis efeitos deletérios sobre B. bassiana. Seis concentrações crescentes do fungo foram pulverizadas em arenas contendo A. guerreronis para estimar as concentrações letais (CL). Posteriormente, os óleos de nim, mineral e a calda sulfocálcica foram pipetados em placas de Petri para determinar a sua seletividade ao fungo. A concentração letal média (CL50) estimada de B. bassiana foi de 1,31×105 conídios/mL e a CL80 foi de 2,04×106 conídios/mL. O óleo mineral foi seletivo a B. bassiana, enquanto a calda sulfocálcica não é compatível com este fungo. Assim, conclui-se que o fungo B. bassiana apresenta potencial de controle de A. guerreronis, bem como o óleo mineral pode ser empregado no manejo de pragas na cultura do coqueiro sem que interfira significativamente no crescimento micelial do fungo, e possivelmente em sua eficiência no controle do ácaro.
Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp como fonte de nutrientes na produção orgânica de jambu (Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen)
Authors: De Souza de Oliveira Laise , Moreira dos Santos Esmailson , Noronha da Silva Gonçalves Marta Laura , Carneiro Souto Gilberta , Cunha Cavalcante Antônio Elson , Muylaert Locks Guimarães Rachel
Published: October 2023

O cultivo de produtos orgânicos ao longo dos anos tem se intensificado trazendo benefícios à saúde e agregando valor monetário a cultura produzida. Os compostos orgânicos usados no cultivo do jambu não têm sido suficientes para atender as demandas nutricionais da planta, desse modo faz-se necessário o uso de materiais para diminuir tal problema, como exemplo, a gliricídia, rica em nitrogênio e em outros nutrientes. À vista disso, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito do incremento de diferentes doses de gliricídia com composto orgânico e húmus de minhoca sobre a produtividade do jambu. A pesquisa foi realizada no IFPA - Campus Castanhal, no setor de produção e pesquisas em horticultura da instituição. O delineamento do experimento foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial de 2x4, com quatro repetições, constituído de dois tipos de adubos orgânicos, sendo eles a compostagem e húmus de minhoca e diferentes variações de incremento de gliricídia. Aos 42 dias após o transplantio foi realizado a coleta e análise de massa fresca, altura de planta e massa seca. Os tratamentos que receberam 2,5 kg m-2 de gliricídia apresentaram os maiores resultados quanto a massa fresca, altura e produtividade. A gliricídia apresenta-se como uma alternativa promissora para a complementação da adubação orgânica, visto que é rico em nutrientes absorvidos pela planta.
Osmocote® proporciona melhores mudas de Calophyllum brasilienese Cambess
Authors: N Jardim Iselino , L Matos Marizani , P Rosário Marinalda , O S Hamada Márcia
Published: October 2023

Mudas de espécies florestais são fundamentais para implantação de projetos de reflorestamento para fins comerciais ou ambientais e/ou restauração de áreas degradadas. Dentre os fatores com grande destaque na produção de mudas, tem-se os fertilizantes. Atualmente, o uso de fertilizante de liberação controlado é muito empregado, uma vez que, proporciona mudas de qualidade. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de Osmocote® no crescimento e nutrição de mudas de Calophylum brasiliense. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco doses crescentes do fertilizante de liberação controlada Osmocote® (0,0; 2,0; 4,0; 6.0 e 8,0 g L-1). Cada tratamento utilizou 10 repetições (uma planta por repetição). Aos 120 dias após o transplantio, foi realizada a avaliação de parâmetros morfológicos das mudas e análise nutricional da parte aérea (folhas). A dose 4,0 g L-1 fornece a melhor resposta para às variáveis, altura, diâmetro de caule, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea e radicular e índice de qualidade de Dickson. O uso de doses abaixo de 4,0 g L-1 ou acima de 6,0 g L-1 diminuíram a qualidade das mudas de C. brasiliense. A análise nutricional indicou comportamento quadrático para os macronutrientes P, F, S e Mg, a exceção de N e Ca (linear). Para os micronutrientes, o comportamento foi linear par B e Fe e quadrático para Mn e Zn com o aumento da dose de Osmocote®. Conclui-se, a dose 4,0 g L-1 de Osmocote® melhorou a nutrição e a qualidade das mudas de C. brasiliense.
Urine dipstick for screening plasma glucose and bilirubin in low resource settings: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Pighi Laura , Negrini Davide , Henry Brandon M. , Salvagno Gian Luca , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The purpose of this proof-of-concept study was to investigate whether a commercially available urine dipstick may provide potentially useful information for screening plasma glucose and bilirubin in human plasma samples.

Methods

Glucose and bilirubin were assayed in 60 anonymized lithium-heparin residual plasma samples using the Roche COBAS 8000 or after pipetting 10 µL of plasma onto the pads of a commercial urine dipstick. Semiquantitative urine test results obtained with the dipstick were directly compared to paired test results obtained with COBAS.

Results

Median plasma glucose values between COBAS and dipstick were slightly different (5.8 vs. 5.6 mmol/L; p=0.040), while no significant difference was found in bilirubin values between COBAS and dipstick (11.2 vs. 8.6 μmol/L; p=0.090). The Spearman’s correlation between COBAS and dipstick was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.73–0.90; p<0.001) for plasma glucose and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.66–0.87; p<0.001) for plasma bilirubin, respectively. Cumulative agreement between COBAS and dipstick was high for both glucose (88%; kappa statistic statistics, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58–0.92; p<0.001) and bilirubin (88%; kappa statistics, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.60–0.92; p<0.001).

Conclusions

The results of this proof-of-concept study indicate that the commercial urine test strip used in our study provides acceptable performance for screening plasma glucose and bilirubin levels compared with reference laboratory assays.
Optimal Taxation of Informal Firms: Misreporting Costs and a Tax Reform in Brazil
Authors: Arbex Marcelo , Mattos Enlinson , Regatieri Rebeca
Published: October 2023

This paper investigates multistage taxes on firms in a limited tax capacity economy. We characterize the optimal taxation of informal firms reinterpreting behavioral and mechanical effects. Our numerical exercises highlight the relationship between misreporting costs and the elasticities of reported revenues and costs. We explore a tax reform in Brazil with a survey of informal firms to estimate these elasticities (0.55 and 0.94, respectively), which imply smaller sheltering costs for input expenditures. The optimal multistage tax system includes (i) differential linear taxes across the production chain and (ii) a positive, but very small, tax refund rate.
Collaboration between maternal-fetal medicine and family planning: a survey of Northeast US academic medical centers
Authors: Merriam Audrey A. , Lundsberg Lisbet , Cutler Abigail S. , Maxam Theresa , Paul Maureen
Published: October 2023

Objectives

To explore how complex family planning (CFP) and maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) in Northeast academic medical centers work together to provide abortion care.

Methods

We distributed an exploratory cross-sectional online survey to CFP and MFM faculty and fellows at academic medical centers in the Northeast between July and September of 2020. The survey included demographic information, assessment of practice patterns, hospital/administration support and assessment of collaboration. Likert scale questions examined opinions about collaboration and an open-ended question solicited ideas for improvement. We performed bivariate analysis to examine the association between subspecialty and practice location regarding provision of abortion care and perceived barriers to care.

Results

The response rate was 31 % and was similar by specialty. Of the 69 respondents, 83 % were MFMs, 75 % were faculty, and 54 % practiced in New York. More than 85 % reported personal participation in some portion of abortion care. The two most common perceived barriers to care were “lack or reluctance of physicians/staff” and state laws prohibiting termination. Nearly all (95 %) stated there was a good working relationship between CFP and MFM divisions; however, almost one-third agreed with or were neutral to the statements “MFM and CFP are siloed in terms of work/patient care.”

Conclusions

Academic MFM and CFP providers in the Northeast collaborate well in providing abortion care, though our findings highlight areas that would benefit from improvement. Optimizing collaboration in the Northeast is important given its regional role for ensuring abortion access in the current national landscape. Improved education of all members of the patient care team on the importance of abortion access may also help provide optimal patient care where abortion services still legally exist.
238Pu production: a State-of-the-Art review of NpO2 target fabrication technologies and processing of irradiated targets
Authors: Acevedo Beatriz , Van Hecke Karen , Cardinaels Thomas , Verwerft Marc
Published: October 2023

Space mission beyond the solar system cannot rely on photovoltaic (PV) cells as primary power source, and combinations of PV cells and batteries. For such purpose, Radioisotope Power Systems powered with 238Pu have served well for all flagship space exploration missions since the early Apollo missions until today’s Mars Exploration Program and continue to be the preferred primary energy source for future missions. 238Pu production proceeds via neutron irradiation of 237Np, which is created as a by-product in nuclear fission reactors. Neutron irradiation of 237Np to produce 238Pu is conceptually very simple, but the production of sizeable quantities of 238Pu with acceptable isotopic purity, and the further separation and processing stages pose formidable technological challenges. 238Pu is a highly radiotoxic alpha emitter with an elevated specific activity and high decay energy with high risk for the workers, and its precursor, 237Np, is a radiotoxic alpha emitter whose daughter 233Pa decays to 233U with a strong gamma emission. Furthermore, the very rich and weakly explored chemistry of Np is also a challenge. The historical 238Pu inventory of US-DOE has been highly consumed and supplies of available 238Pu to support new missions have diminished. NASA and US-DOE have started an extensive project to re-establish 238Pu production for US space missions. In Europe, ESA has also shown some interest in an European production of 238Pu for the European space missions. In the present review, the manufacture of Np targets for 238Pu production by irradiation, and the target processing are discussed and assessed from an European production perspective by comparing mainly US state-of-the-art with the European know-how and the current facilities. Two principal options for target fabrication stand out: aluminium-clad NpO2–Al CERMET and zircaloy-clad full-ceramic NpO2 targets. The principal advantages of the well documented CERMET route can be found in the irradiation stage. These targets allow a high flexibility in heavy metal loading fraction and have high thermal performance. But, they have significant drawbacks in terms of the amount and type of nuclear waste that is generated at the back-end. Instead, the full-ceramic targets are conceptually very similar to conventional nuclear fuels, and would be preferred from back-end perspective, although a demonstration of large scale production remains yet to be done. Presently, there are no operational large scale Np target production, irradiation, processing or 238Pu handling facilities in Europe, but the nuclear infrastructure exists and is operational to study each of the steps at least at small scale and all steps have similarities with well-established industrial capabilities in Europe.
Steigerung digitaler Kompetenzen in Virtual Reality
Authors: Herstätter Patrick , Hulla Maria
Published: October 2023

Digitalisierung spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der Fertigungsindustrie, da insbesondere kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) von zahlreichen potentiellen Vorteilen profitieren können. Dennoch kämpfen viele KMU oft mit der Realisierung dieser Potenziale. VR-basierte Schulungen – mit niedrigen Zugangsbarrieren und hoher Effizienz – können eine Lösung bieten. VR ermöglicht aktives Lernen in simulierten Produktionsumgebungen mit hoher Konzentration. Die in diesem Beitrag diskutierte Bedarfsanalyse gibt einen Überblick über Kompetenzen und Anforderungen.
Digitalisierungsgrad in Japan und Deutschland im Vergleich
Authors: Peter Ulrike , Sames Gerrit
Published: October 2023

Deutsche mittelständische Unternehmen sind in punkto Digitalisierung weiter als japanische Unternehmen. Dennoch ist die digitale Transformation in beiden Ländern nicht als ausreichend zu bezeichnen. Zu dieser Einschätzung kommt die Studie „Vergleich der Digitalisierung von Geschäftsprozessen und Geschäftsmodellen in Japan und Deutschland“. Zwei Faktoren, die den digitalen Fortschritt besonders behindern, sind Fachkräftemangel und zu hoher Kostenaufwand.
MASSIFICAÇÃO DIGITAL
Authors: Morais Maria Christina
Published: October 2023

A História mostra que a estratégia populista e os discursos psicologicamente trabalhados, no intuito de alcançar comoção social para conquistar eleitores, escondem um perfil político opressor. Tal ardil político remonta ao Império Romano, enquanto a palavra e o seu conceito nos remetem ao século XIX. Desde 1970, a imprensa é estudada como instrumento veiculador dessas práticas, de tal forma que, alguns autores chegam a apontá-la como uma espécie de quarto poder. Ocorre que a Era Tecnológica, inaugurada pela inteligência artificial, amplia as formas de captação de eleitores, aflorando como instrumento mais eficiente, superando os veículos de comunicação tradicionais e potencializando resultados neste sentido. O caso Cambridge Analytica e a comercialização de dados trouxe à tona o fenômeno da massificação digital e a fragilidade das democracias. A pesquisa aborda essa nova realidade e aponta para as consequências vivenciadas pelo mundo, fazendo uma revisão bibliográfica, doutrinária e hemerográfica do assunto, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, com resultados confirmadores de que a massificação digital é instrumento eficaz na captação de eleitores, na manipulação de mentes e no domínio político, hodiernamente, a partir do uso da inteligência artificial e da sistemática algorítmica.
TRANSFORMAÇÕES POLÍTICO-ECONÔMICAS E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA MULHERES NA PERSPECTIVA DA FEMINIZAÇÃO DA POBREZA NO BRASIL (1995-2015)
Authors: Moraes Taís Dias de
Published: October 2023

Este artigo analisa as contradições socioeconômicas existentes na diferenciação de gênero, por meio do estudo sobre os Domicílios Chefiados por Mulheres (DCMs) como variável chave para o entendimento da Feminização da Pobreza (FP) no Brasil. Por meio de análises quantitativas dos dados da PNAD e de pesquisa teórica acerca desse tema, o estudo constatou que, no Brasil, políticas de caráter neoliberal intensificaram, no período, a reprodução da vulnerabilidade das mulheres e dos domicílios chefiados por elas, não apenas na questão do rendimento, mas também em relação às estruturas que permitam qualidade de vida. Além disso, as políticas consideradas desenvolvimentistas, ainda que tenham representado certos avanços, não apresentaram mudanças significativas, tendo em vista os limites de atuação dos Estados periféricos frente ao contexto de globalização e de "capitalismo neoliberal".  Conclui-se, portanto, que, mesmo em um período caracterizado por relativa estabilidade e crescimento econômico na história recente, as mulheres e suas famílias continuaram em posição mais vulnerável, seja pela falta de uma inserção feminina plena no mercado de trabalho ou pela reprodução continuada da exclusão social de mulheres pobres e da população negra por meio de políticas restritivas.
RNase H2 degrades toxic RNA:DNA hybrids behind stalled forks to promote replication restart
Authors: Heuzé Jonathan , Kemiha Samira , Barthe Antoine , Vilarrubias Alba Torán , Aouadi Elyès , Aiello Umberto , Libri Domenico , Lin Yea‐Lih , Lengronne Armelle , Poli Jérôme , Pasero Philippe
Published: October 2023

R‐loops represent a major source of replication stress, but the mechanism by which these structures impede fork progression remains unclear. To address this question, we monitored fork progression, arrest, and restart in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells lacking RNase H1 and H2, two enzymes responsible for degrading RNA:DNA hybrids. We found that while RNase H‐deficient cells could replicate their chromosomes normally under unchallenged growth conditions, their replication was impaired when exposed to hydroxyurea (HU) or methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Treated cells exhibited increased levels of RNA:DNA hybrids at stalled forks and were unable to generate RPA‐coated single‐stranded (ssDNA), an important postreplicative intermediate in resuming replication. Similar impairments in nascent DNA resection and ssDNA formation at HU‐arrested forks were observed in human cells lacking RNase H2. However, fork resection was fully restored by addition of triptolide, an inhibitor of transcription that induces RNA polymerase degradation. Taken together, these data indicate that RNA:DNA hybrids not only act as barriers to replication forks, but also interfere with postreplicative fork repair mechanisms if not promptly degraded by RNase H.
Comparative Analysis of Clientelistic Democracy in India and Indonesia: Outcomes and Challenges
Authors: Jati Wasisto Raharjo
Published: October 2023

This articles aims at analysing the clientelistic democracy between India and Indonesia. Two countries are considerably the leading democtatic countries in the world. However, recently it seems both countries face declining democracy. One main thing that drives democracy to decline is clientelism. This practice has various intepretations in many practiical ways. This article uses qualitative method, particularly critical literature review. Some relevant literatures that derive from journal and books will be the main source. The findings of this study are while the clintelism practice in India is incorporate in party system, Indonesian version of clientelism does not follow in institutionalisation. Instead, the perpretrators behind the clientelist practice are the informal actors, who famously known as tim sukses “success team”. In a nutshell, democracy seems run well in procdural way, but it has delined gradually due to clientlistic practices.
State Responsibility Model Through Foreign Policy in Handling the Impact of Covid-19 in the Globalization Era
Authors: Elyta Elyta , Al Qadrie Syarif Redha Fachmi , Olifiani Laras Putri
Published: October 2023

In the era of globalization, the movement of people from one country to another is the cause of the spread of Covid-19. During this global pandemic, the role of the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs is as an actor who formulates and makes policies. The Covid-19 phenomenon demands the role of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kemenlu) of the Republic of Indonesia (RI) to determine Indonesia's foreign policy in preventing and overcoming the impact of Covid-19. Based on this, research is needed to reconstruct Indonesia's foreign policy model to prevent and overcome the impact of Covid-19 in the era of globalization as the state's responsibility to society. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a descriptive type of research. This study finds that Indonesia's foreign policy to prevent Covid-19 is to encourage virtual international meetings to unite other countries to resolve the Covid-19 crisis and protect Indonesian citizens (WNI) abroad. The results of the study found that the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs carried out the reconstruction of Indonesia's foreign policy model to deal with the impact of Covid-19, namely in Indonesian foreign policy.
Instagram and Communication of Leaders in Times of Crisis: Analysis of Instagram Account Framing @aniesbaswedan during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rahmanto Andre Noevi
Published: October 2023

Leaders must be able to provide accurate and precise information so that it reaches the public—crisis leadership communication as a control in reducing the impact of the spread and panic of Covid-19.Purpouse: The focus of this article is on leadership communication in times of crisis. The method used in this study is a qualitative analysis of Robert N. Entman's framing model. The research object used is Anis Baswedan's Instagram account as a regional leader. This research was conducted at the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, from March to May 2020. Researchers collected all uploaded information on Anis Basedan's Instagram account and analyzed it using Robert N. Erman's four analytical knives, namely; Define Problems, Diagnose Causes, Make Moral Judgments, Treatment Recommendations. Based on the results of the framing analysis, Anis Baswedan's leadership communication during the Covid-19 pandemic 1) Define Problem, namely; Covid-19 transmission; The need for Health Facilities and Personnel; Social assistance; Covid-19 Education and Information; PSBB rules; Government Readiness. 2) Diagnose Causes namely; Spread of viruses; Community concern and increasing number of victims; Emergency Response and PSBB Violations; Appreciation of health workers; Economic Decline. 3) Make moral judgment: Government's responsibility; protect citizens; Cooperation and collaboration of all parties; Enforcement of discipline; Appreciation. 4) Treatment Recommendations namely; Discipline rules and health protocols; Limitation of activities, distribution of assistance; Information updates. The communication style used by Anis Baswedan is due to the situational factors of the Covid-19 pandemic, namely directive leadership communication.
ACTORS' APPROACH IN THE DISCOURSE OF REJECTING THE THRESHOLD FOR PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDACY IN GENERAL ELECTIONS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Gani Mukti Abdul , Fadli Yusuf , Nurlukman Adie Dwiyanto , Sarofah Riska
Published: October 2023

Civil society groups and political parties have disagreed with the presidential threshold article passed by Parliament and the government. The regulation is considered to limit the democratic rights and freedom of the public in choosing, determining, and submitting themselves as presidential candidates. This study aims to explain how actors (agencies) build movements against presidential threshold regulations (structure). The theory used in this study is Anthony Giddens' structuration theory. This research uses qualitative methods by analyzing some content in online media and Constitutional Court rulings related to presidential threshold lawsuits and processing data using the Nvivo 12+ application. The findings of this study indicate that the most crucial aspect of the movement against actors is that it is conducted by challenging the presidential threshold rule before the Constitutional Court, developing public opinion, and holding multiple demonstrations. Second, the size of the presidential threshold rejection vote is based on the future of democracy and freedom, weakening the presidential system and contradicting other regulations. Third, of the many lawsuits filed by the public and political parties, the Constitutional Court has consistently rejected them because the rule is an open legal policy, which means fully being a lawmaker, in this case, in Parliament.
Severe hypernatremia during postoperative care in patients with craniopharyngioma
Authors: Li Lingjuan , Qin Jing , Ren Lin , Xiang Shiyuan , Cao Xiaoyun , Zheng Xianglan , Yin Zhiwen , Qiao Nidan
Published: October 2023

Purpose

We aimed to describe and predict the risk of severe hypernatremia after surgical resection of craniopharyngioma and to identify the association of water intake, urine output, and sodium level change in the patients.

Method

The outcome was postoperative severe hypernatremia. We identified risk factors associated with hypernatremia using multivariable regression. We trained machine learning models to predict the outcome. We compared serum sodium change, intravenous input, oral input, total input, urine output, and net fluid balance according to different nurse shifts.

Results

Among 234 included patients, 125 developed severe hypernatremia after surgery. The peak incidence occurred during day 0 and day 6 after surgery. The risk was increased in patients with gross total resection (odds ratio (OR) 2.41, P < 0.001), high Puget classification (OR 4.44, P = 0.026), preoperative adrenal insufficiency (OR 2.01, P = 0.040), and preoperative hypernatremia (OR 5.55, P < 0.001). The random forest algorithm had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.770, 95% CI, 0.727–0.813) in predicting the outcome and was validated in the prospective validation cohort. Overnight shifts were associated with the highest serum sodium increase (P = 0.010), less intravenous input (P < 0.001), and less desmopressin use (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The overall incidence of severe hypernatremia after surgical resection of craniopharyngioma was significant, especially in patients with gross total resection, hypothalamus distortion, preoperative adrenal insufficiency, and preoperative severe hypernatremia. Less intravenous input and less desmopressin use were associated with serum sodium increases, especially during overnight shifts.
Economic Efficiency of Applying Biological Growth Regulators for Growing Sunflower in the Zone of Steppe Soils
Authors: Domaratskiy Yevhenii , Potravka Larysa , Pichura Vitalii
Published: October 2023

In the conditions of climate change, the selection and adjustment of crop cultivation systems in the moisture deficit zone and the management of risky agriculture to ensure the profitability of production remain an urgent issues. In particular, the Steppe of Ukraine is a zone of increased risk for agricultural production, which is associated with difficult climatic conditions characterized by droughts and low rainfall. An effective measure to ensure stable harvests is the use of growth-regulating biological preparations. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to establish the regularities of the influence of growth-regulating biological preparations on the formation of productivity and the economic efficiency of sunflower cultivation in the zone of risky agriculture. The study was conducted in 2021–2022 in the Mykolaiv region of Ukraine. A three-factor field experiment was set up to study the influence of various biological preparations (Helafit Combi, Organic Balance, and Biocomplex-BTU) and plant stand density (30, 40, and 50 thousand pcs/ha) on the productivity of sunflower hybrids Vyrii, Yarylo, Blysk, Yaskravyi, and Epikur. It was found that the hybrids Yarylo, Epikur, and Yaskravyi had considerably lower levels of productivity. However, foliar fertilization had a positive effect and contributed to an increase in their productivity. A low level of productivity in 2022 (1.51 t/ha) was observed in the hybrid Epikur under the plant density of 30 thousand pcs/ha. The results of the field experiments allowed establishing that foliar fertilization with different biological preparations is an efficient and effective method for improving plant growth conditions, and can increase the level of agrocenosis genetic potential realization. It was found that the hybrid Vyrii with a seeding rate of 40 thousand pcs/ha and plant treatment with the biological preparation Helafit Combi is the most economically efficient hybrid, with a profitability of 25.59%, and a net profit of $127.20 per ha.
Discrete logarithm problem in matrix
Authors: Tvarijonas Povilas , Dosinas Gediminas Simonas , Sakalauskas Eligijus
Published: October 2023

In this paper the discrete logarithm problem in matrix in finite fields is formulated, possible ways of solution are given.
Problems of Lithuanian Mathematical Olympiad-2005
Authors: Mačys Juozas Juvencijus
Published: October 2023

The questions of the Lithuanian olympiad-2005 are presented and solutions are given.
Zacharij Niemcevski – professor of higher mathematics at the Vilnius university (1797–1820)
Authors: Gečiauskas Evaldas
Published: October 2023

Zacharij Niemcevski (1766–1820) was a professor of higher mathematics at the Vilnius university in the period from 1797 until 1820. He was a member correspondent of Societe Academique des sciences and Academie Imperial des Sciences de Turin. Niemcevski tought differential and integral calculus by the tracktate of S.F. Lacroix, analytic geomety – by J.B. Biot, and mechanics – by L.B. Francoeur.  His investigations on the Lithuanian language was published in the tractate of K. Malte Brun.
The influence foreign countries in creation of the mathematics syllabus in Lithuania between two world wars
Authors: Ragelytė Birutė , Paukštienė Alma
Published: October 2023

The influence foreign countries in creation of the mathematic syllabus in Lithuania between two world wars is presented in this article. Ideas of Klein and Merane program are discussed in this article. The influence and experience of foreign countries in creating the mathematics syllab us are introduced. Results of analysis Lithuanian mathematics syllabus and foreign counties (France, Austria, Germany, Italy) of this period are presented in this article.
Sequent calculus usage for BDI agent implementation
Authors: Birstunas Adomas
Published: October 2023

BDI logic is widely used to describe agent based systems, since it can express a lot of different real world domains with three main operators: belief, desire and intention. There are lots of works where BDI logic is used as descriptive language, but authors do not talk about implementation issues [5,2,4,8,1]. There is even known general agent implementation scheme, which do not describe howto use formal logic for such scheme implementation [12]. The main aim of this paper is to show the bridge, which connects formal and practical parts of logic. We describe how sequent calculus can be used for implementing some parts of general scheme. In this paper, we show how flexible constraints can be implemented. Sequent calculus usage is illustrated with simple examples.
Fitting Markov property to genetic sequences
Authors: Židanavičiūtė Jurgita , Rekašius Tomas
Published: October 2023

In this paper DNA sequents are modelled as discrete-state Markov chains. Statistical data is presented in contingency tables form. The generalized logit model is used to test the first-order Markov property for all coding and non-coding subsequences of DNA.
Marginal hazard distribution in network structures
Authors: Augutis Juozas , Krikštolaitis Ričardas , Augutienė Elvyra
Published: October 2023

The subject of this work is the analysis of hazard distribution in the network systems. In the age when transport flows in the railway and road systems, information flows in the internet channels, etc. intensify, hazard distribution in the network systems becomes a more relevant and important issue.  In the paper various theoretical hazard type distributions in the network systems are analysed. Mathematical model of hazard distribution and accumulation in the nodes of the network was created.
Global optimization of grillages
Authors: Belevičius Rimantas , Šešok Dmitrij
Published: October 2023

Important problem in civil engineering is obtaining optimal pile placement schemes for grillage-type foundations in order to reduce the number of piles and reactive forces arising in piles. The idealizations of problem and formulation for local and global optimization are discussed, highlighting the must for global optimization. The grillage is discretized using finite element method. Sensitivity of objective function is obtained analytically. The solution technology for a class of aforementioned problems is proposed based on the use of global optimization algorithms of package GAMS, which are implemented as ``black boxes”. Results of computational experiments are presented.
The analysis of algorithm for transmitters locating problem
Authors: Lazaravičius Saulius , Listopadskis Narimantas
Published: October 2023

The analysis of ACO algorithm for transmitters locating problem is presented in this paper.
Constructive tools for mathematical and computer modeling of physical and mechanical fields in the areas of complex shape
Authors:   Institute for Mechanical Engineering Problems of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Baranov Igor , Kravchenko Oleg ,   Institute for Mechanical Engineering Problems of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Suvorova Iryna ,   Institute for Mechanical Engineering Problems of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Goman Vitalii ,   Institute for Mechanical Engineering Problems of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Veligotskyi Dmytro ,   Institute for Mechanical Engineering Problems of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine
Published: October 2023

The monograph presents the development of structural methods to increase the approximation capacity of basis functions in the vicinity of the corner points of the area to solve boundary value problems and also the development of local structures that take into account boundary conditions at the area border and docking with standard basis within the area. The development of structural methods based on the approaches listed above signifi cantly expands the possibilities of physical and mechanical processes modeling in the areas of complex shapes to create environmental and economic devices in various industries.
Moving Toward Health Equity
Authors: Dougé Jacqueline , Mattson Gerri
Published: October 2023

Communities that have been racially marginalized continue to face barriers to fair and just opportunities and therefore experience poorer health outcomes. This chapter discusses how structural racism affects health equity and how collaboration with diverse partners, data, advocacy, and screening for social determinants of health can improve the health of all children. The goal of eliminating health inequities and achieving health equity must be integrated across systems, such as health, education, economy, and government, for all children and families to thrive.

Keywords: health equity, racism, structural racism
The Intersection of Racism, Immigration, and Child Health
Authors: Montoya-Williams Diana , Linton Julie M. , Falusi Olanrewaju
Published: October 2023

Immigration is a critical aspect of life and society in the United States. Factors such as one’s nativity (ie, where one is born), the migration journey, and immigration status are crucial social determinants of health that affect legal, logistical, cultural, and language access to health insurance and health care. This chapter defines terms needed to understand relationships between immigration, racism, and child health; provides an overview of how immigration policies contribute to racially founded child health inequities; and offers recommendations to mitigate structural racism and discrimination against immigrant children and families.

Keywords: nativism, xenophobia, colorism, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), medicolegal partnership
Public Health: Disparities and Inequities in Your Community
Authors: Sharfstein Joshua M. , Spencer Michelle
Published: October 2023

Pediatric health professionals are uniquely positioned to explain 2 fundamental insights: child and adolescent health depends on a safe physical and social environment, and this environment has been warped over time by racism. Beyond providing high-quality patient care, pediatric health professionals can engage in their communities to counter structural racism and improve health conditions. Critical roles for pediatric health professionals include identifying and analyzing racial inequities at the community level and developing and advocating for practical and effective solutions.

Keywords: public health, equity, advocacy
Conclusion
Authors: Trent Maria , Dooley Danielle G. , Dougé Jacqueline
Published: October 2023

Pediatric health professionals are trusted champions for child and adolescent health and, in this role, continually address barriers that impede children from obtaining optimal health. Racism is woven into the fabric of society, so addressing structural racism as a central barrier to health and well-being is necessary to change the environments in which children live, play, and learn. Pediatric health professionals tackle many other barriers to optimal health, screening for and addressing adverse childhood experiences and the social determinants of physical and mental health. Addressing the impact of racism on patient and parental/caregiver well-being is critical to fully comprehending and addressing patients' evolving identities, experiences, and contexts to provide high-quality care and effectively see patients into young adulthood.
Understanding Racism and Adolescence
Authors: Abraham Anisha , Trent Maria
Published: October 2023

Racism is a system of oppression that categorizes and stratifies people into “races” and creates adverse childhood experiences that undermine healthy development and the well-being of adolescents and families through differential treatment resulting in social disadvantage. Pervasive racism exists in societies around the globe, but it has been so distinctly codified into the American experience that it has been identified as a US public health emergency. Pediatric health professionals, parents and caregivers, and others who work with adolescents need to be sensitive to teenage development, including the critical role of racial socialization as a mediator for their experiences of racism and the need to foster positive identity development. Early intervention through screening before adolescence, conversations that recognize and acknowledge unique injustices faced during adolescence, and thoughtful scaffolding by parents and caregivers can help adolescents navigate and counter the adverse physical, emotional, and social effects of racism as they approach autonomy.

Keywords: adolescence, racism, development