bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW TO DETERMINE THE ROLE OF ERYTHROPOIETIN IN PREVENTION OF HYPOXIC ISCHAEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY OF NEWBORN
Authors: Sengupta Vasanta
Published: December 2023

Background :Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE)secondary to perinatal ischemia is an important cause of brain damage in newborn .Hence all efforts to prevent hypoxic damage is a must along with the attempts to correct the associated abnormalities .Hypoxia has long been known to trigger the release of Erythropoietin which stimulates the production of red blood cells in order to increase the oxygen carrying capacity of blood. It possesses positive neuroprotective, neuro-regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects in asphyxiated newborns Hence the interest in the role of Erythropoietin in HIE for a long time .Yet Erythropoietin has not been standardized as therapeutic guideline in the management of HIE. In addition the role of Hypothermia has also evolved and is now the only available and standard option . But this choice is till today not available for the majority of neonates due to financial constraints and the dearth of proper Therapeutic Hypothermia facilities. So this study was done to determine whether Erythropoietin is a boon or not for Neonatal HIE.

Objective: Assessment of Role of Erythropoietin in prevention of HIE in newborn.

Data Sources : A detailed search in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for studies involving the role of Erythropoietin in HIE in newborn infants was done till 08.11.23. Ultimately, 11 studies were selected .

Study selection: Only those studies were included which were delivered in tertiary care centres and were administered Erythropoietin at or few hours after birth.Three studies were Randomized control trials with the recent one in 2023 with an updated Meta Analysis, three were from the HEAL Trial and five were reviews .First one was done in 2019(S.Arabia,canada and India),2021(2 studies China) and 2022(2 studies one from Italy and One from Korea).

Data Extraction :Eleven studies were assessed and various data noted for each of these studies like Author ,Year of study, type of study ,place of study, number of participants involved and their conclusions ,participants, gestation age, birthweight, EPO administration method (dose, frequency and course), hypothermia therapy given or not. Subsequently the outcome was noted.

Conclusions :

HIE in newborn is a serious problem and needs to be prevented at all costs. Further the problem varies as the gestational age varies. Epo has a role to play as evidenced by the innumerable studies done on the term and preterm babies . Further research on the preventive role in prematurity needs to be investigated.
Biotechnological, Computational Analysis and Predictive Modeling of Phytochemicals in
Moringa oleifera
Authors: Saaondo Terkuma
Published: December 2023

Moringa oleifera, commonly known as the Moringa tree, has garnered considerable attention in recent years due to its abundant phytochemical composition with potential medicinal and nutritional benefits. This literature review presents a comprehensive exploration of the interplay between computational analysis, predictive modeling, and the phytochemical richness of Moringa oleifera, aiming to elucidate its applications in medicine and nutrition.

The phytochemical composition of Moringa oleifera, comprising flavonoids, phenolic compounds, vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive constituents, forms the foundation of this investigation. Computational methods, including molecular docking, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling, and chemoinformatics, are scrutinized for their role in characterizing and predicting the bioactivity of Moringa oleifera phytochemicals.

Predictive modeling techniques, encompassing machine learning algorithms and regression analysis, are evaluated for their utility in forecasting the bioactivity, toxicity, and nutritional properties of these phytochemicals. Through this synergy of computational approaches, researchers gain insights into the potential medicinal and nutritional applications of Moringa oleifera phytochemicals.

The review underscores the significance of structure-activity relationships and data-driven insights in designing targeted interventions. It also highlights the promising prospects for drug development, functional foods, and dietary supplements derived from Moringa oleifera. While progress has been made, opportunities remain to address research gaps, refine predictive models, and translate findings into practical applications that promote human health and nutrition.

This literature review provides a foundational understanding of the transformative potential of computational analysis and predictive modeling in harnessing the phytochemical wealth of Moringa oleifera, opening new avenues for interdisciplinary research in the pursuit of medicinal and nutritional advancements.
Neuromicrobiology of Neurodegenerative Diseases:
Authors: Nandi Amartya , Nandi Amartya , Kaur Amrit , Ghai Dr. Shivani , Singh Goldy , Tiwari Arushi
Published: December 2023

The World's population is steadily increasing life expectancy, along with several genetic andepigenetic factors predispose to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The prevalenceof which is predicted to rise in forthcoming years. Recent studies, experimentations,and findings paved the path toward the connecting links between the gut microbiome andneurodegenerative diseases (like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ASD). The interaction betweenthe gut microbiota and the central nervous system significantly affects neuronal health.Through the functioning of the gut-brain axis, the gut microbiota plays a significant role inmany crucial processes in health and disease, perhaps contributing to disorders like autismspectrum disorders, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety disorder.Additionally, complex host behaviors, brain development, and nociception may all be influencedby gut microorganisms. It appears that several gut-brain-microbiota-related neurochemicalshave a role in the molecular and physiological underpinnings of neurodevelopmentand neurodegeneration. Researchers have provided evidence for these relationships, but severaltopics remain unresolved as a result of the constraints of the research methods at hand.Recently, new technologies have been developed to understand how gut bacteria contribute toneurodegeneration.(a) Identifying specific microbial pathological signaling pathways.(b) Describing new, sophisticated engineered tools to study.(c) The interactions between human cells and gut bacteria.This review aims to provide an overview of recent developments in the study of themicrobiota-gut-brain axis in the field of neurodegenerative disorders.
PRESERVAÇÃO DA CADEIA DE CUSTÓDIA COMO PRESSUPOSTO DE ADMISSIBILIDADE DA PROVA DIGITAL
Authors: Ferreira Vaz Millena
Published: December 2023

O avanço tecnológico trouxe novas ferramentas no âmbito do direito processual penal, entre as quais menciona-se a prova digital. Por ser um elemento frágil e de fácil alteração, é necessária a observação de uma série de atos – cadeia de custódia – para garantir a esta espécie probatória os requisitos necessários à sua admissão. Nessa senda, a presente pesquisa trata da preservação da cadeia de custódia como pressuposto de admissibilidade da prova digital, sendo o tema de suma relevância por haver omissão legislativa nesse sentido. O método de abordagem empregado foi o dedutivo, aplicando-se o procedimento técnico de pesquisa bibliográfica, pautada em doutrinas, artigos, jurisprudências e legislações. O estudo é dividido em três seções, nas quais são abordados os principais aspectos da prova, em especial da prova digital, além de tratar sobre o procedimento relativo à cadeia de custódia e abordar as consequências da sua inobservância. Ao final, concluiu-se que a preservação da cadeia de custódia pode ser entendida como pressuposto de admissibilidade da prova digital no processo penal, porquanto garante a confiabilidade, integridade e autenticidade do elemento probatório, além da sua licitude.
INTERPRETAÇÃO JURÍDICA DO PRINCÍPIO DA PREVENÇÃO NO DIRECIONAMENTO DAS PENAS DE PRESTAÇÃO DE SERVIÇOS À COMUNIDADE NA RESOLUÇÃO N° 433, DE 27 DE OUTUBRO DE 2021, DO CONSELHO NACIONAL DE JUSTIÇA (CNJ), COMO FATOR DE IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA SUSTENTABILIDADE
Authors: Feller Bertemes Emerson , Mattei Borsoi Guilherme
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo aborda a aplicação de penas criminais não privativas de liberdade oriundas de delitos ambientais, como forma de implementação do princípio da prevenção ambiental. Para tanto, o artigo busca demonstrar que, sob a óptica da hermenêutica jurídica, o princípio da prevenção ambiental irradia efeitos na esfera penal, em especial no princípio da prevenção geral, que é atinente às penas criminais, como fator determinante ao tipo de pena não privativa de liberdade a ser imposta, visando a plena implementação da prevenção ambiental, que objetiva evitar o dano de forma prévia.
Implementation of The Independent Learning Curriculum in Kindergarten
Authors: Arum Rezki Perwita , Putro Khamim Zarkasih , Jatmiko Agus
Published: December 2023

This research focuses on the independent curriculum applied in Karana Jaya Kindergarten, Jati Agung District, South Lampung. The independent curriculum impacts the implementation of education in Karana Jaya Kindergarten. Karana Jaya Kindergarten is very important in providing healthy and optimal child growth and development facilities following the community's values, norms, and expectations. This research uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. Data is collected through documentaries, literature studies, observations, and surveys. The subjects of this study were 40 children and six teachers. The results showed how Karana Jaya Kindergarten implements an independent curriculum by providing various interesting experiences and activities that stimulate the growth and development of children. Therefore, an environment that supports the growth and development of children is needed. The play-based learning paradigm that encourages independent learning has been successfully implemented.
Implementation of STEAM Learning with Magic Puffer Ball for Children with Special Needs
Authors: Kumala Hena Safira Endah , Mustakimah Mustakimah , Irmanda Novi Dina
Published: December 2023

TK Talenta is an inclusion school in Semarang. TK Talenta accepts all children without differences in ethnicity, religion, socio-economy, even children with special needs can study at TK Talenta. STEAM learning is considered very effective to be applied to early childhood and TK Talenta also applies it in learning activities. This study aims to determine the implementation of STEAM learning with magic puffer ball games in TK Talenta. Descriptive qualitative research is the type and approach of research used in this study. Data from this study were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. Then the data that has been collected will be analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study show that STEAM learning in TK Talenta is in accordance with the stages of implementing STEAM learning in early childhood. Children are given the freedom to express and imagine according to their wishes to create works. Even with the implementation of STEAM learning with magic puffer ball games at TK Talenta, children with special needs get a lot of sensory nutrition.
Ujaran Kebencian di Media Sosial: Ditinjau dari Kematangan Emosi Dengan Kecerdasan Moral sebagai Mediator
Authors: Fathoni Cahyono Aryo Bima , Khalisah Ariella , Safitri Lily , Lestari Tri , Hudaya Yanuary Nurul
Published: December 2023

Cases of hate speech that occur in Indonesia continue to increase over time. Seeing this phenomenon, this study aims to explore hate speech that occurs on social media in terms of emotional maturity with moral intelligence as a mediator. This research was conducted using quantitative methods. The scales used in this study were the scale of emotional maturity, moral intelligence, and vignette of hate speech. The number of participants in this study is as many as 268 undergraduate students aged 17-25 years. The results of the analysis show that moral intelligence can mediate the influence of emotional maturity on hate speech. These results provide a theoretical implication that emotional intelligence influences moral intelligence where this variable plays a strong role in hate speech. Kasus ujaran kebencian yang terjadi di Indonesia terus meningkat seiring berjalannya waktu. Fenomena tersebut membuat peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan studi dan mengetahui lebih jauh mengenai ujaran kebencian yang terjadi di media sosial ditinjau dari kematangan emosi dengan kecerdasan moral sebagai mediator. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan metode kuantitatif. Skala yang digunakan adalah skala kematangan emosi, kecerdasan moral, dan vignette ujaran kebencian. Jumlah partisipan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 268 mahasiswa strata-1 berusia 17 - 25 tahun. Dari hasil analisa, didapatkan bahwa kecerdasan moral dapat memediatori pengaruh kematangan emosi terhadap ujaran kebencian. Hasil tersebut memberikan implikasi teoretis bahwa kecerdasan emosi memberi pengaruh pada kecerdasan moral di mana variabel ini memainkan peran yang kuat dalam ujaran kebencian.
Anselmian Defense of Hell
Authors: Haratine T. Parker , Smith Kevin A.
Published: December 2023

This article constructively retrieves St. Anselm of Canterbury’s theory of retributive justice and provides a defense of what can be called the retributive model of hell. In the first part of this article, we develop the place of retributive punishment in Anselm’s thinking and discuss how and when retributive punishment is a good thing. In the second part, we apply Anselm’s thinking on retributive justice to the problem of hell and provide a defense of how hell, defined as a state of receiving retributive, damnatory, and irreversible punishment, is good. We then address a series of objections. Despite some criticism that both Anselm and the retributive model of hell receive in the contemporary literature, Anselm’s account of retributive justice can make unique and constructive contributions to the contemporary discussion of hell; by retrieving and applying Anselm’s thought to the problem of hell, we intend to kill two birds with one stone.
ON CYCLIC DECOMPOSITION OF Z-MODULE M_{m×r}(Z_n)
Authors: Switrayni Ni Wayan , Wardhana I Gede Adhitya Wisnu , Aini Qurratul
Published: December 2023

A torsion module over a principal ideal domain has special properties related to the way how it is decomposed either into primary or cyclic submodules. This paper carries out a special case of such module over the ring of integer, which consists of all matrices with entries from the set of integer modulo n. The result shows that its decomposition depends on the prime factors of n.
GENERALIZED NON-BRAID GRAPHS OF RINGS
Authors: Cahyati Era Setya , Maharani Rambu Maya Imung , Nurhayati Sri , Susanti Yeni
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we introduce the definition of generalized non-braid graph of a given ring. Let $R$ be a ring and let $k$ be a natural number. By generalized braider of $R$ we mean the set $B^k(R):=\{x \in R~|~\forall y \in R,~ (xyx)^k = (yxy)^k\}$. The generalized non-braid graph of $R$, denoted by $G_k(\Upsilon_R)$, is a simple undirected graph with vertex set $R\backslash B^k(R)$ and two distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if $(xyx)^k \neq (yxy)^k$. In particular, we investigate some properties of generalized non-braid graph $G_k(\Upsilon_{\mathbb{Z}_n})$ of the ring $\mathbb{Z}_n$.
SUPERANTIGENS
Authors: NARAT Mojca
Published: December 2023

Superantigens are bacterial, viral, retroviral and some naturally occurring proteins that can specifically activate a large proportion of T and/or B cells. In contrast to classical peptide antigen recognition, superantigens do not require processing to small peptides. T-cell superantigens interact with the immune system by binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II proteins outside the classical antigen binding groove and activate T cells through the variable region of the T cell receptor beta-chain. B-cell superantigens target B cells, which have restricted usage of variable heavy and light chain and by binding to immunoglobulins outside the conventional antigen binding site, stimulate a high frequency of B cells. Studies of T-cell and B-cell superantigens are important since they are involved in many human diseases and represent a great tool in unravelling some of the basic mechanisms of immune response.
MOLECULAR GENOTYPING OF RUMEN FUNGI BASED ON RFLP ANALYSIS
Authors: FLIEGEROVÁ Kateřina , PAŽOUTOVÁ Sylva , HODROVÁ Blanka
Published: December 2023

Eight polycentric strains of the genera Orpinomyces and five monocentric strains of the genera Neocallimastix were examined for the restriction fragment length polymorphisms. EcoRI-digested nuclear DNA of isolates of rumen fungi and DNA-DNA hybridization with probe RS2 revealed several distinct cleavage profiles. Results are ambiguous and interpretation is difficult with respect to the high genetic variability of rumen fungi isolates.
SPECIFIC DETECTION OF Salmonella spp. WITH MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
Authors: TRKOV Marija , AVGUŠTIN G.
Published: December 2023

A method for specific detection of Salmonella spp. was developed based on 16S rRNA targeted PCR (polymerase chain reaction). A method based on recognition of specific region of 16S rRNA gene was published previously by Lin and Tsen in 1996. The sequence analysis of recently determined small subunit ribosomal genes from Salmonella spp. showed however, that the 16SF1 and 16SIII primers are not suitable for specific amplification of all Salmonella strains. 16SF1 was modified and a new forward PCR primer was designed. The specificity of the method was tested using 87 Salmonella strains and 30 non-Salmonella strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae and compared with two other previously published methods and found to be 100% specific. The reverse primer was also labelled with a tetramethylrhodamine isothyiocianate fluorescent dye and successfully used as a probe in in situ experiments.
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AVIAN MYCOPLASMAS
Authors: DOVČ P. , BENČINA D.
Published: December 2023

Serological techniques are recommended procedures for the identification of Mycoplasma species. They enable separation of mycoplasmas at the species level and are widely used for practical laboratory identification of the isolated microorganisms. However, complex growth media are required for the isolation of Mycoplasma species and some strains of pathogenic Mycoplasma species grow very fastidious and can not be cultured. Introduction of DNA based diagnostic methods in mycoplasma research enabled survey of the whole genome in a single assay and reveal also information about non-coding regions of the genome. Restriction enzyme analysis is a powerful method for differentiation of close related strains but requires high quality of DNA which can only be obtained from cultured mycoplasmas. The increasing number of cloned mycoplasma genomic fragments are successfully used for identification and differentiation of mycoplasma strains and species in hybridization studies. The polymerase chain reaction enables identification and characterization of mycoplasmas without culture directly from clinical material. Large genomic sequencing projects produced complete nucleotide sequence from two Mycoplasma species and several more are in progress. This data will open the possibility to understand better the biology of mycoplasmas.
Maize silage genotype and ruminant digestion
Authors: MICHALET DOREAU Brigitte , PHILIPPEAU Christelle
Published: December 2023

Maize breeding objectives have for a long time been limited to agronomic criteria, but a high variability in nutritive value for ruminants is also observed among hybrids. Nowadays breeding takes into account the effect of chemical composition in the modification of maize nutritional value. The amount and composition of whole plant cell walls, especially their lignification, influences both digestibility and voluntary intake when maize is given as silage. Starch, the main constituent of grain, is degraded slowly in the rumen, and differences among genotypes exist. Among normal maize hybrids, the differences are mainly related to grain vitreousness.
Spominu gospoda MAURICA ARNALA
Authors: STEKAR Jasna M.A.
Published: December 2023

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Učinek gnojenja na hranilno vrednost krme s trajnega kraškega travnika. 1. botanična in kemična sestava, in vitro prebavljivost in vsebnost neto energije za laktacijo
Authors: VERBIČ Jože , VERBIČ Janko , BABNIK Drago
Published: December 2023

Hranilno vrednost krme iz dolgoletnega gnojilnega poskusa smo ocenili na podlagi vsebnosti neto energije za laktacijo (NEL) in prebavljivosti organske snovi, izračunanih na osnovi kemične sestave in plina, ki se razvije med inkubacijo vzorcev z vampnim sokom in vitro. Primerjali smo krmo iz negnojene različice (0), različice, gnojene s fosforjem in kalijem (PK) in različice, gnojene s fosforjem, kalijem in dušikom (NPK). Skupni pridelek smo razdelili na trave, metuljnice in zeli in jih analizirali posebej. Gnojenje je le malo vplivalo na hranilno vrednost trav, metuljnic in zeli. Vsebnost neto energije za laktacijo je bila pri metuljnicah precej večja kot pri travah in zeleh: 5,95; 5,24 in 5,36 MJ na kg sušine. Zaradi razmeroma majhnih razlik v deležu metuljnic se večja vsebnost NEL v metuljnicah ni pokazala v razlikah med postopki. Gnojenje je izrazito povečalo pridelek NEL: 12000, 19500 in 34500 MJ na ha pri 0, PK in NPK postopku. Razlike med različicami so bile predvsem posledica različnih pridelkov sušine. Razlike v vsebnosti NEL so razmeroma malo prispevale k razlikam v pridelku NEL.
Učinek gnojenja na hranilno vrednost krme s trajnega kraškega travnika. 2. vsebnost makro- in mikroelementov
Authors: BABNIK Drago , ŽNIDARŠIČ-PONGRAC Vida , VERBIČ Janko , VERBIČ Jože
Published: December 2023

Leta 1983 smo zasnovali večletni gnojilni poskus po načelu naključnih blokov v štirih ponovitvah. V letu 1994 smo zbrali vzorce krme na negnojeni različici (0), različici, gnojeni s fosforjem in kalijem (PK), ter različici, gnojeni s fosforjem, kalijem in dušikom (NPK). Vzorce prve, druge in tretje košnje smo ločili na trave, metuljnice in zeli ter ločeno določali vsebnosti Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Zn, Mn, Fe, in Cu. Glede na delež posamezne botanične skupine smo izračunali tudi vsebnosti elementov v krmi. Gnojenje je značilno vplivalo na vsebnost večine elementov v travah, metuljnicah in zeleh vseh treh košenj. Gnojenje s PK je v krmi zmanjšalo vsebnost Mg in Mn ter povečalo vsebnost P in K. Pri gnojenju z NPK v primerjavi z negnojeno različico (0) se je v krmi zmanjšala vsebnost Fe, povečala pa vsebnost P, K in Zn. Gnojenje z dušikom (NPK vs. PK) je v krmi značilno povečalo vsebnost P, Mg, Zn in Mn ter zmanjšalo vsebnost Ca. Zaporedna košnja je značilno vplivala na vsebnost vseh analiziranih elementov v krmi razen na vsebnost Cu. Pri krmi druge in tretje košnje je bila vsebnost Ca, Mg in Mn večja kot pri krmi prve košnje. Največje vsebnosti P in Zn smo ugotovili v krmi tretje košnje. Metuljnice in zeli vsebujejo v primerjavi s travami dva- do trikrat več Ca, Mg, Zn in Cu. Zaradi tega se s spreminjanjem botanične sestave travne ruše precej spreminja tudi vsebnost teh elementov v krmi. Glede na potrebe krav v laktaciji smo ugotovili izrazito pomanjkanje Na, Zn in Cu, pomanjkanje P pa le v krmi z negnojenih parcel.
Genetska raznolikost bakterij v črevesu enakonožnih rakov (Isopoda, Crustacea)
Authors: KOSTANJŠEK Rok , ŠTRUS Jasna , AVGUŠTIN Gorazd
Published: December 2023

V predelu zadnjega črevesa enakonožnih rakov vrste Porcellio scaber smo z vrstično elektronsko mikroskopijo odkrili paličaste bakterije, ki se s konci pritrjajo na kutikularne izrastke črevesne stene. Pritrjene bakterije so lahko del avtohtone črevesne mikroflore enakonožnih rakov, katere obstoj še ni bil potrjen. Ker opisanih bakterij ni mogoče gojiti s klasičnimi gojitvenimi tehnikami, smo iz spranih čreves petih zdravih odraslih rakov izolirali skupno DNK, iz katere smo s PCR namnožili bakterijske gene za 16S rRNK. Te gene smo vključili v plazmidni vektor in jih transformirali v kompetentne celice E.coli. Iz klonov izolirano plazmidno DNK smo razkrojili z restrikcijskima encimoma DdeI in TaqI in na podlagi restrikcijskih profilov z metodo UPGMA naredili fenogram. 37 preiskanih genov za 16S rRNK lahko na podlagi restrikcijskih profilov razdelimo v vsaj tri večje skupine, kar kaže, da se na kutikularne trne v črevesu P.scaber morda pritrjuje več različnih bakterijskih vrst.
Razčlenitev prispevkov za 25 let
Authors: STEKAR Jasna M. A. , STOPAR Jože
Published: December 2023

V 25 letih izhajanja posebne številke Zbornika (Zb. Biotehniške fak. Univ. v Ljubljani. Kmetijstvo. Zootehnika) je bilo natisnjenih 390 prispevkov 288 avtorjev. Večina prispevkov, 80%, je izvirnih raziskovalnih, preglednih raziskovalnih je 9,5%; 23% avtorjev je zaposlenih na Oddelku za živinorejo, 19% je tujih avtorjev, 27% mladih (diplomanti, magistrandi, doktorandi) in 31% jih je iz drugih inštitucij, zavodov in podjetij.
Slovenian fermented milk with probiotics
Authors: VAHČIĆ Nada , HRUŠKAR Mirjana
Published: December 2023

The concept of functional foods and probiotics is a novelty in former Eastern block. The Croatian and Slovenian dairy industries are the first that launched probiotic. In this work, samples of probiotic fermented milks purchased from Slovenian market were stored within 25 days at three different temperatures (4° C, 20° C, 37° C), and changes in acetaldehyde, ethanol and diacetyl were determined. Above chemical compounds have a high impact on the desired product flavour. At the same time sensory evaluation was carried out. Acetaldehyde and ethanol concentration were determined by aldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase methods. Diacetyl was measured by modification of the Hill’s colorimetric method. Sensory analysis was conducted by five member panel, using a scoring system with weighted factors in the 20-point scale. The concentration of these flavour compounds changed during storage depending on duration and temperature in depot. Acetaldehyde content decreased at each temperature level during 25-days storage. Diacetyl and ethanol content increased with duration at all temperature levels. Sensoric quality decreased with duration and was closely related to changes in the content of aroma compounds. Changes of all investigated parameters were pronounced on higher temperature levels. Thus, there were no significant changes during the refrigerated storage at 4°  C while at the other two temperature levels results pointed out significant differences between the values before and after storage.
Kvantitativna analiza vsebnosti cvetnega prahu pravega kostanja (Castanea sativa Mill.) v medu, iztočenem v Sloveniji v letu 1999
Authors: BERNARD Iztok , POKLUKAR Janez
Published: December 2023

V Sloveniji smo v letu 1999 naključno zbrali 129 vzorcev medu. Analizirali smo sestavo cvetnega prahu in ugotovili 44 različnih tipov pelodnih zrnc. Cvetni prah pravega kostanja je bil navzoč v 94,6 % vzorcev, povprečno 59,58 % na vzorec. 42 vzorcev medu je vsebovalo več kot 90 % zrnc cvetnega prahu pravega kostanja in jih lahko po tem merilu označimo kot čisti kostanjev med. Prisotnost kostanjevega cvetnega prahu je tipična za slovenski med in jo lahko uporabimo kot glavno merilo za razlikovanje slovenskega medu od medu, proizvedenega v srednjeevropskih državah severno od Slovenije.
Statistična analiza poskusa s časovno komponento
Authors: KOŠMELJ Katarina , BLEJEC Andrej , KOMPAN Drago
Published: December 2023

Predstavljamo statistično analizo, ki smo jo uporabili za vrednotenje poskusa, izvedenega na Odd. za zootehniko Biotehniške fak. Univ. v Ljubljani. Dobljeni podatki ne omogočajo uporabe standardnih statističnih metod. V tem prispevku predstavljamo ideje in pristope, ki smo jih uporabili pri statistični analizi in so nas pripeljali do odgovorov na zastavljena vprašanja. Namen tega članka je uporabljeno statistično analizo predstaviti širšemu krogu raziskovalcev, ki se ukvarjajo s podobno problematiko na drugih področjih, saj podobni poskusi v biotehniških vedah niso redki.
Vpliv bakterijskih cepiv na aerobno stabilnost silaže
Authors: KAPEL Damjan , STEKAR Jasna M.A.
Published: December 2023

S statistično obdelavo objavljenih podatkov smo ugotavljali vpliv bakterijskih cepiv na aerobno stabilnost silaže. V silirani krmi s travinja z večjo vsebnostjo suhe snovi je bila aerobna stabilnost slabša ob dodatku cepiva, ki je vsebovalo homofermentativne mlečnokislinske bakterije, v primerjavi s silažo brez dodatka. Ob nizki vsebnosti sušine v silirani krmi s travinja je cepivo pri siliranju krme s travinja ugodno vplivalo tako na kakovost kot na aerobno stabilnost. Pri cepljenju koruze, sirka in žit se je kakovost silaž izboljšala, aerobna stabilnost pa je bila slabša. Izjema je bilo cepivo, ki je vsebovalo Lactobacillus plantarum in Enterococcus faecium, kjer se je aerobna stabilnost siliranih žit rahlo izboljšala. Heterofermentativna mlečnokislinska bakterija Lactobacillus buchneri je izboljšala tako kakovost kot tudi aerobno stabilnost koruzne silaže, siliranega sirka in siliranih žit ter se pokazala kot neučinkovita pri siliranju krme s travinja. Dodatek propionskokislinskih bakterij ni učinkoval na fermentacijo siliranih rastlin, ki se hitro aerobno kvarijo.
sulphur and chlorine contents of grass and maize silage
Authors: RAJČEVIČ Marija , VIDIC Alojz , KUBA Pavel , NEČEMER Marijan , KUMP Peter
Published: December 2023

In seven defined samples of grass and in six samples of maize silage the contents of sulphur and chlorine were determined by two analytical procedures: both elements with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), sulphur separately with inductively coupled plasma – atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and chlorine according to Volhard (Skoog and West, 1963; Official Journal of the EC, No.L. 155/13, 12/07/71). The average contents of sulphur in grass silage, g kg–1 DM, were 2.53 g and 1.91 g, in maize 0.87 g and 0.75 g by XRF and ICP-AES, respectively. The differences in the content of sulphur between the two methods were statistically significant (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). The average contents of chlorine in grass silage, g kg–1 DM, were 7.69 g and 9.09 g, and in maize 2.00 g and 2.55 g by XRF and Volhard, respectively. The differences between the two methods were statistically significant (P < 0.01).
Povezava med karotenoidi v siliranem koruznem zrnju in barvo rumenjaka
Authors: TKALČIČ Eva , STEKAR Jasna M.A. , HOLCMAN Antonija
Published: December 2023

V krmilnem preskusu s 600 nesnicami isa brown smo ugotavljali učinek siliranega koruznega zrnja na obarvanost rumenjaka ter na vsebnost beta karotena in ksantofilov. Pri 32. tednu starosti smo kokoši razporedili v šest skupin, po sto v vsako. Preskus je trajal 154 dni. Primerjali smo dva koruzna hibrida, raisso in lotus. V obroku je bilo 40 oz. 60 odstotkov suhe snovi iz siliranega zrnja. Dopolnilna krmna mešanica je bila v obeh primerih enaka. Skupine s preskusnimi obroki in ena kontrolna s krmno mešanico brez dodanega barvila so dobivale odmerjen obrok. V drugi kontrolni skupini so nesnice dobile popolno krmno mešanico po volji. Rezultate smo statistično obdelali s programskim paketom SAS/STAT (SAS Institute Inc., 1989). Obrok s 60 odstotki silaže je značilno temneje obarval rumenjak. Količina ksantofilov v silaži je bila značilno povezana z vsebnostjo barvil v rumenjaku. Koruzni hibrid raissa je rumenjak obarval temneje. Lotus je povečal vsebnost beta karotena v rumenjaku. Med hibridoma ni bilo razlik v vsebnosti beta karotena, lotus je vseboval značilno manj ksantofilov.
effect of diet containing arsenic (III) oxide on the traits of eggs
Authors: HOLCMAN Antonija , MALOVRH Špela , KNEZ Vanja
Published: December 2023

The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of different arsenic concentration in feed on the physical traits of eggs. Twenty-four Rhode Island Red laying hens were divided into four equal groups. Three groups received feed mixture with additional arsenic in the form of arsenic (III) oxide in the following concentrations: 7.5 mg kg–1 (group 1), 15.0 mg kg–1 (group 2) and 30.0 mg kg–1 (group 3). The control group was fed on diet without additional arsenic. From the third to the seventh day eggs were collected and measured for physical traits. It has been established that during the trial period arsenic concentration in diet had a highly significant effect (P = 0.0001) on shell colour, egg mass, height of dense albumen, as well as on the number of Haugh units. The effect on shell mass and shell thickness was significant (P £ 0.01), while there was no significant influence on the colour of yolk. Changes in physical traits of eggs were not significant during this period. The only exception was the change in yolk colour, yet it was not due to arsenic, but to feeding mixture with added colouring the hens had been fed on prior to trial.
Priprava kvantitativne molekularno biološke metode za ugotavljanje števila celic vrste Salmonella enterica
Authors: TRKOV Marija , AVGUŠTIN Gorazd
Published: December 2023

Pripravili smo molekularno biološko metodo za hitro štetje bakterijskih celic iz vrste Salmonella enterica, ki temelji na kompetitivni različici verižne reakcije s polimerazo (c-PCR). Uporabili smo začetna oligonukleotida MINF in MINR-Hex, ki sta zagotavljala specifičnost metode. Notranji standard DNK smo pripravili z encimskim razrezom in lepljenjem stranskih fragmentov pomnožka gena za 16S rRNK seva S. Agona (U92197). Notranji standard DNK je imel isti prepoznavni mesti za začetna oligonukleotida kot tarčna DNK, bil pa je za 27 bp krajši. Pomnožke c-PCR smo ločevali s kapilarno elektroforezo in rezultate obdelali z regresijsko analizo. Z opisano metodo in 5 × 10–5 redčenim notranjim standardom smo lahko učinkovito ugotavljali število celic vrste S. enterica v bujonski kulturi v območju med 1,2 × 104 in 6 × 105 celic na reakcijsko mešanico. Z metodo smo v preliminarnem poskusu ugotavljali število celic seva S. Livingstone v bujonski kulturi in rezultate primerjali z rezultati indirektne števne metode. Rezultati opisane metode c-PCR so bili 2,9 krat višji od rezultatov indirektnega štetja kolonij, vendar je glede na številne prednosti opisana metoda kljub temu uporabna za hitro, specifično in dovolj natančno ugotavljanje števila celic vrste S.enterica v naravnih mikrobioloških vzorcih.
Analiza sekvenc genov za 16S rRNA izolatov bifidobakterij iz tankega črevesa podgan
Authors: FANEDL Lijana , NEKREP Franc Viktor , AVGUŠTIN Gorazd
Published: December 2023

Pri šestih izbranih izolatih bifidobakterij iz tankega črevesa podgan smo sekvencirali prvi del gena za manjšo ribosomsko podenoto (16S rRNA) in sekvence primerjali z že znanimi sekvencami drugih bifidobakterij in bakterij sorodnih rodov. S filogenetsko analizo smo ugotovili, da izolati tvorijo svojo skupino z dvema podskupinama in da so najbolj sorodni vrsti B. pseudolongum. Skupaj z njo in še nekaterimi drugimi bifidobakterijami se uvrščajo v širšo skupino B. lactis. Stopnja podobnosti med sekvencami 16S rRNA izolatov se giblje med 91,4–95,8 odstotki, kar kaže na precejšnjo genetsko raznolikost znotraj skupine. Stopnja podobnosti do najbližje opisane vrste B. pseudolongum pa je med 94 in 97 odstotki. Rezultati predhodnih fenotipskih in genotipskih študij ter filogenetske ugotovitve na osnovi analiz sekvenc 16S rRNA predstavljajo osnovo za nadaljne raziskave, ki bi lahko potrdile, da opisani izolati predstavljajo eno ali več novih bifidobakterijskih vrst.
Vloga hipotalamusa pri uravnavanju energetskega ravnovesja in mišji modeli za proučevanje debelosti
Authors: LODGE Uršula , HORVAT Simon
Published: December 2023

Debelost je kompleksna lastnost, ki jo določa delovanje genetskih dejavnikov in dejavnikov okolja. Genetski dejavniki debelosti so geni, ki imajo vlogo pri vzpostavljanju energetskega ravnovesja, razgrajevanju hranilnih snovi, metabolizmu maščob ter pri različnih vedenjskih lastnostih. Na energetsko ravnovesje in telesno maso organizma vpliva centralni živčni sistem. Ključna regija za uravnavanje metabolizma in porabe energije je hipotalamus, ki sproži nevro-humoralni odgovor na zaznane senzorične informacije. Pri tem sodelujejo različni hormoni, nevropeptidi in nevrotransmiterji. Genetska osnova za debelost je v večini primerov večgenska, kar pomeni, da razvoj debelosti nadzoruje več kromosomskih regij, imenovanih kvantitativni lokusi. Za razumevanje genetske in fiziološke osnove debelosti so pomembni številni in raznoliki modeli glodalcev za debelost. Znanih je veliko enogenskih mišjih modelov, s katerimi lahko proučujemo vpliv mutacij v enem genu na razvoj debelosti. Za raziskovanje večgenske osnove debelosti pa so zelo primerni večgenski mišji modeli, ki so rezultat dolgoročne selekcije različnih lastnosti, povezanih z debelostjo.
Genetske razlike med istrsko pramenko, bovško ovco in jezersko-solčavsko ovco
Authors: KAVAR Tatjana , KOMPAN Drago , DOVČ Peter
Published: December 2023

Z namenom, da bi ocenili genetsko sorodnost med tremi slovenskimi avtohtonimi pasmami ovc smo proučevali razlike na mikrosatelitnih lokusih: MAF214, OarCP49, OarFCB11, MAF65, McM42, TGLA53, McM527 in OarAE119. Genotipizacija 95 istrskih pramenk (ISP), 272 bovških ovc (B) in 42 jezersko-solčavskih ovc (JS) je pokazala, da so za vse tri pasme večinoma značilni enaki aleli, oz. še več, 12 alelov je pogostih (> 10 %) v vseh treh pasmah. Na vsakem od lokusov smo našli tudi 1–5 privatnih alelov. Osem alelov je bilo specifičnih za ISP, 8 za B in 3 za JS. Korespondenčna analiza in analiza uvrščanja genotipov osebkov v ustrezno pasmo kažeta, da se večina osebkov pasme ISP uvršča v svojo skupino, medtem ko se porazdelitvi B in JS, zaradi več zelo podobnih genotipov v obeh pasmah, delno prekrivata. Ocene genetskih razdalj potrjujejo višjo sorodnost med B in JS (FST = 0,044) kot med ISP in B (FST = 0,064) ali med ISP in JS (FST = 0,075). Okrog 6 % delež variance, ki izhaja iz razlik med pasmami (FST vrednost), kaže, da razlike med pasmami niso prav velike. Menimo, da so rezultati v skladu s hipotezo o skupnem nastanku B in JS iz domače primitivne bele ovce, oz. nastanku ISP iz nekoliko bolj oddaljene pramenke »Zackel« ovce. Šele nadaljnje analize pa bodo lahko osvetlile vplive padovanske in bergamaške ovce, ki sta verjetno sodelovali pri nastanku JS, pa tudi vplive drugih sojev pramenk na ISP.
Konceptualizacija sistema socialnih storitev za osebe s posebnimi potrebami kot dopolnilne dejavnosti na kmetijah
Authors: VADNAL Katja
Published: December 2023

Konceptualizacija sistema socialnih storitev za osebe s posebnimi potrebami kot dopolnilne dejavnosti na kmetijah izhaja iz predpostavke, da nove paradigme razvoja kmetijstva in novi koncepti socialnega varstva omogočajo povečanje učinkovitosti rabe prvin pridelovanja z diferenciacijo njihovih ciljnih trgov. Pregled konceptov multifunkcionalnosti kmetijstva in normalizacije življenja oseb s posebnimi potrebami je povezan s problemi privatizacije socialnih storitev in zaokrožen v model trga
role of chlorogenic acid in the resistance of apples to apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Wind. Aderh.)
Authors: MIKULIČ PETKOVŠEK Maja , USENIK Valentina , ŠTAMPAR Franc
Published: December 2023

The content of chlorogenic acid was studied in three scab resistant apple cultivars (‘Topaz’, ‘Gold Rush’, ‘Goldstar’) and two scab susceptible ones (‘Golden Delicious Weinsberg’, ‘Golden Delicious Clone B’) growing in Laboratory Field of the Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana. The leaf samples were collected four times in 30 day intervals between 12 June and 10 September 2001 and analysed using the system of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The content of chlorogenic acid was determined by means of a standard. It did not differ statistically significantly between the resistant cultivars and the two susceptible ones. At all four dates, leaves of the cultivar ‘Goldrush’ contained statistically significantly larger quantities of chlorogenic acid than leaves of the remaining scab resistant and scab susceptible cultivars. The content of chlorogenic acid changed during the growing period: it was the highest in July or August while in September it declined. The scab infection of the leaves of scab susceptible cultivars affected the accumulation of chlorogenic acid in the way that its content increased with the degree of infection. Greater amount of chlorogenic acid was contained in the leaves of the cultivar ‘Golden Delicious Weinsberg’ than in the leaves of the cultivar ‘Golden Delicious Clone B’.
influence of virus diseases on grape polyphenols of cv. ‘Refošk’
Authors: TOMAŽIČ Irma , VRHOVŠEK Urška , KOROŠEC-KORUZA Zora
Published: December 2023

External stimuli such as microbial infections, ultraviolet radiation, and chemical stressors can modulate the synthesis of polyphenols in the plants. Cv. ‘Refošk’ was used to show the influence of the GLRaV-1 and rugose wood (RW) on the polyphenols in grape. The infection shifted polyphenols from seeds to grape skins but had no impact on anthocyanins.
Dihalni potencial – kazalnik stresa pri rastlinah
Authors: GERM Mateja , GABERŠČIK Alenka
Published: December 2023

Rastline so stalno ali občasno izpostavljene stresu. Eden od odgovorov na stresne razmere je tudi povečana potreba po energiji. Sposobnost premagovanja stresa pri vitalnih rastlinah je zato povezana z dihalnim potencialom (aktivnostjo ETS) določenega tkiva. Prekomeren stres lahko povzroči zmanjšanje vitalnosti tkiva in s tem tudi dihalnega potenciala. Meritve so pokazale, da so imele višji dihalni potencial rastline, ki so uspevale v manj ugodnih razmerah ter rastline v času intenzivne rasti. Značilna je bila tudi povezava med povečanim UV-B sevanjem in aktivnostjo ETS.
Vpliv peroralno dodanih kostanjevih taninov na dnevni prirast in sestavo iztrebkov pri ovcah in kozah
Authors: KOMPREJ Andreja , OREŠNIK Andrej , POGAČNIK Milan , VIDRIH Anton
Published: December 2023

V raziskavi smo proučevali učinek ovcam in kozam v obrok dodanega izvlečka taninov lesa pravega kostanja (Castanea sativa Mill.), ki vsebuje 74 % pretežno hidrolizirajočih taninov. V poskus smo vključili 21 jagnjic in 10 koz, ki so se pasle na kraškem pašniku. Trinajstim jagnjicam in petim kozam smo vsake tri dni peroralno dajali pripravek kostanjevih taninov v odmerku 0,5 g kg–1 telesne mase. Osem jagnjic in pet koz smo spremljali kot kontrolni skupini. Živali so se pasle skupaj v ogradah na istem pašniku. Poskus je trajal 68 dni. Jagnjice poskusne skupine so na paši priraščale v povprečju 37 g dan–1, jagnjice kontrolne skupine pa 18 g dan–1. Razlike v dnevnih prirastih jagnjic niso bile statistično značilne. V prvem obdobju (35 dni) je bilo v iztrebkih jagnjic poskusne skupine manj SS (189–217 g kg–1 vs. 195–229 g kg–1), več SB (177–157 g kg–1 SS vs. 170–142 g kg–1 SS) in več taninov (0,77–0,61 % v SS vs. 0,73–0,52 % v SS) kot v iztrebkih jagnjic kontrolne skupine. Povezava med vsebnostjo taninov in surovih beljakovin v iztrebkih jagnjic je bila statistično značilna (r = 0,92, P < 0,05). Rezultati kažejo, da dodani kostanjevi tanini vplivajo na sestavo blata, kar je verjetno posledica mesta prebave zaužitih hranil. Obe skupini koz sta v poskusu hujšali (–79 g dan–1). V iztrebkih koz je bilo več suhe snovi (192–297 g kg–1) in manj surovih beljakovin (108–144 g kg-1 SS) ter taninov (0,24–0,48 % v SS) kot v iztrebkih jagnjic.
Ocena mobilnosti ponudbe dela na kmečkih gospodarstvih v Sloveniji v obdobju 1991–2000
Authors: JUVANČIČ Luka
Published: December 2023

Namen prispevka je kvantitativno ovrednotiti vpliv različnih dejavnikov na mobilnost ponudbe dela na kmečkih gospodarstvih. Raziskava temelji na analizi popisnih podatkov o zaposlitvenem odločanju nosilcev kmečkih gospodarstev v letih 1991 in 2000 z uporabo modela kmečkih gospodarstev. Uporabljali smo pristop z izvedbo probit modela v dveh različicah, katerih funkcijski obliki se razlikujeta z ozirom na predpostavljeni učinek predhodnega statusa zaposlitve. Analizirani dejavniki obsegajo individualne značilnosti referenčnih oseb (spol, starost, raven izobrazbe, potencialni dohodek izven kmetijstva), značilnosti gospodinjstva (velikost, struktura), značilnosti kmečkega gospodarstva (ekonomska velikost, obseg dela, delovna intenzivnost) in lokalne razmere na trgu dela. Kljub specifičnim strukturnim razmeram slovenskega kmetijstva in svojstveni dinamiki makroekonomskih trendov rezultati modela ne odstopajo bistveno od obstoječih empiričnih dognanj o dinamiki ponudbe dela na kmečkih gospodarstvih. Udeležba nosilcev kmečkih gospodarstev na trgu dela ni simetrična niti reverzibilna. Rezultati modela kažejo na tendenco v smeri ohranjanja enakega statusa zaposlitve, ki je izrazitejša zlasti pri nosilcih kmečkih gospodarstev, zaposlenih na kmetiji. Nizka stopnja mobilnosti ponudbe dela slabi učinkovitost alokacije dela na kmečkih gospodarstvih. Deli tega problema se pojavljajo v obeh segmentih trga dela: na strani ponudbe se odraža v nizki stopnji delovne usposobljenosti in nizkem poklicnem statusu referenčnih oseb, na strani povpraševanja pa se odraža v neugodnih lokalnih razmerah na trgu dela.
Log-konkavni karakter mikrobne rastne krivulje brez lag-faze
Authors: CEDILNIK Anton , GORUP Eva C.
Published: December 2023

Minotov zakon, po katerem je relativna stopnja rasti padajoča na vsem območju, kjer je mikrobna rastna krivulja naraščajoča, razširimo še na območje, kjer opazovana kultura umira. Pokažemo, da je rastna krivulja, za katero velja ta zakon, logaritmično konkavna in da ima zato vselej obliko , kjer je  padajoča funkcija. Konec lag-faze definiramo kot začetek logaritmične konkavnosti rastne krivulje. V nadaljevanju naštejemo ostale splošne lastnosti takih rastnih krivulj, utemeljimo osnovni princip aproksimacije konkretnih podatkov in predlagamo preprost model.
incidence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne hapla in Slovenia
Authors: ŠIRCA Saša , UREK Gregor , KARSSEN Gerrit
Published: December 2023

The root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood, 1949 is one of the most harmful and most ubiquitous species in the genus Meloidogyne. It was detected very often in the greenhouses of northern Europe, but in the open field it is restricted to the southern parts of Europe.  While this species has been recorded in almost all parts of the world and also in some parts of the former Yugoslavia, there is no data about its presence in Slovenia. M. incognita is able to parasitize about 700 plant hosts and varieties including the majority of economically important crops. In the late summer of 2002, nematodes of M. incognita were isolated from the roots of hot pepper plants, Capsicum annum L., from the greenhouse situated in Portorož at the Adriatic Coast, Slovenia. The nematode was morphologically identified as M. incognita and confirmed by isozyme gel electrophoresis (PhastSystem, Pharmacia). To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. incognita in Slovenia. Beside this finding, M. hapla was also found for the first time in the open field in Slovenia; until now it has been detected on different host plants grown only in greenhouses. In October 2002, M. hapla was isolated from galls of the sweet pepper grown in the open field in Ljubljana situated in the central part of Slovenia.