bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth kinetics of Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound in Cu-liquid Sn interfacial reaction enhanced by electric current
Authors: Feng Jiayun , Hang Chunjin , Tian Yanhong , Liu Baolei , Wang Chenxi
Published: January 2018

In this paper, electric currents with the densities of 1.0 × 102 A/cm2 and 2.0 × 102 A/cm2 were imposed to the Cu-liquid Sn interfacial reaction at 260 °C and 300 °C with the bonding times from 15 min to 960 min. Unlike the symmetrical growth following a cubic root dependence on time during reflowing, the Cu6Sn5 growth enhanced by solid-liquid electromigration followed a linear relationship with time. The elevated electric current density and reaction temperature could greatly accelerate the growth of Cu6Sn5, and could induce the formation of cellular structures on the surfaces because of the constitutional supercooling effect. A growth kinetics model of Cu6Sn5 based on Cu concentration gradient was presented, in which the dissolution of cathode was proved to be the controlling step. This model indicates that higher current density, higher temperature and larger joint width were in favor of the dissolution of Cu. Finally, the shear strengths of joints consisted of different intermetallic compound microstructures were evaluated. The results showed that the Cu6Sn5-based joint could achieve comparable shear strength with Sn-based joint.
The transcriptional response to oxidative stress is part of, but not sufficient for, insulin resistance in adipocytes
Authors: Chaudhuri Rima , Krycer James R. , Fazakerley Daniel J. , Fisher-Wellman Kelsey H. , Su Zhiduan , Hoehn Kyle L. , Yang Jean Yee Hwa , Kuncic Zdenka , Vafaee Fatemeh , James David E.
Published: January 2018

Insulin resistance is a major risk factor for metabolic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. Although the underlying mechanisms of insulin resistance remain elusive, oxidative stress is a unifying driver by which numerous extrinsic signals and cellular stresses trigger insulin resistance. Consequently, we sought to understand the cellular response to oxidative stress and its role in insulin resistance. Using cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we established a model of physiologically-derived oxidative stress by inhibiting the cycling of glutathione and thioredoxin, which induced insulin resistance as measured by impaired insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake. Using time-resolved transcriptomics, we found > 2000 genes differentially-expressed over 24 hours, with specific metabolic and signalling pathways enriched at different times. We explored this coordination using a knowledge-based hierarchical-clustering approach to generate a temporal transcriptional cascade and identify key transcription factors responding to oxidative stress. This response shared many similarities with changes observed in distinct insulin resistance models. However, an anti-oxidant reversed insulin resistance phenotypically but not transcriptionally, implying that the transcriptional response to oxidative stress is insufficient for insulin resistance. This suggests that the primary site by which oxidative stress impairs insulin action occurs post-transcriptionally, warranting a multi-level ‘trans-omic’ approach when studying time-resolved responses to cellular perturbations.
Pisa Syndrome in Parkinson’s Disease: Pathogenic Roles of Verticality Perception Deficits
Authors: Huh Young Eun , Kim Kunhyun , Chung Won-Ho , Youn Jinyoung , Kim Seonwoo , Cho Jin Whan
Published: January 2018

We elucidated whether verticality misperception is associated with the generation of Pisa syndrome (PS) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). To examine the heterogenous influence of verticality perception, we also identified the characteristics distinguishing between PD patients with PS who tilted toward the deviation of perceived verticality and those who did not. Subjective visual vertical (SVV) testing was performed in 54 PD patients with PS and 36 without PS to measure verticality perception. Other potential risk factors for PS were evaluated by assessing the asymmetry of motor symptoms, EMG activities of paraspinal muscles, bithermal caloric tests, back pain history, and Berg Balance Scale. Abnormal SVV (odds ratio (OR) 18.40, p = 0.006), postural imbalance (OR 0.71, p = 0.046), and unilateral EMG hyperactivity of paraspinal muscles (OR 39.62, p = 0.027) were independent contributors to PS. In subgroup analysis, EMG hyperactivity of paraspinal muscles contralateral to the leaning side and postural imbalance were associated with PD patients with PS who tilted toward the SVV deviation, whereas back pain was more frequent in those who did not. Verticality misperception is a potent risk factor for PS in PD and contributes differentially to PS depending on the congruence between its direction and PS direction, indicating distinct pathogenic roles.
Dimerization: a structural feature for the protection of hepatitis E virus capsid protein against trypsinization
Authors: Wei Wenjuan , Behloul Nouredine , Baha Sarra , Liu Zhenzhen , Aslam Mehwish Saba , Meng Jihong
Published: January 2018

Orally-transmitted viruses have evolved in a way to resist the extreme conditions of the host’s gastrointestinal environment, especially the proteolysis of their structural proteins. However, the mechanisms allowing these viruses to survive these harsh conditions remain unclear. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an orally-transmitted human pathogen. Its capsid protein contains three domains S, P1 and P2. The latter forms a homodimer protruding from the virus shell, making it the most exposed part. By combining biochemical and computational methods, we found the trypsin digestion sites to be highly conserved among the HEV strains. Furthermore, the constructs of the HEV capsid protein that contain an extended P2 domain were digested within the extensions leaving the P2 domain intact. The trypsinization seems to occur in three possible double cleavages at R451-R619, R460-R619 or R460-R631.The dimerization disrupts the trypsin action at three main sites in the P2 domain R542, K544 and K554. These sites are very exposed in the monomeric P2 domain constructs which makes the monomeric forms very susceptible to trypsin action. Therefore, we believe that dimerization is a structural feature that has been selected by the evolutionary forces to render the HEV capsid protein resistant to the host’s proteases; an evolutionary feature that could be common to some other (if not all) orally-transmitted viruses.
Multi-wavelength emission from a single InGaN/GaN nanorod analyzed by cathodoluminescence hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Kusch Gunnar , Conroy Michele , Li Haoning , Edwards Paul R. , Zhao Chao , Ooi Boon S. , Pugh Jon , Cryan Martin J. , Parbrook Peter J. , Martin Robert W.
Published: January 2018

Multiple luminescence peaks emitted by a single InGaN/GaN quantum-well(QW) nanorod, extending from the blue to the red, were analysed by a combination of electron microscope based imaging techniques. Utilizing the capability of cathodoluminescence hyperspectral imaging it was possible to investigate spatial variations in the luminescence properties on a nanoscale. The high optical quality of a single GaN nanorod was demonstrated, evidenced by a narrow band-edge peak and the absence of any luminescence associated with the yellow defect band. Additionally two spatially confined broad luminescence bands were observed, consisting of multiple peaks ranging from 395 nm to 480 nm and 490 nm to 650 nm. The lower energy band originates from broad c-plane QWs located at the apex of the nanorod and the higher energy band from the semipolar QWs on the pyramidal nanorod tip. Comparing the experimentally observed peak positions with peak positions obtained from plane wave modelling and 3D finite difference time domain(FDTD) modelling shows modulation of the nanorod luminescence by cavity modes. By studying the influence of these modes we demonstrate that this can be exploited as an additional parameter in engineering the emission profile of LEDs.
Supplement of Betaine into Embryo Culture Medium Can Rescue Injury Effect of Ethanol on Mouse Embryo Development
Authors: Zhang Di , Jing Huaijiang , Dou Changfeng , Zhang Ling , Wu Xiaoqing , Wu Qingqing , Song Haoyang , Li Dengkun , Wu Fengrui , Liu Yong , Li Wenyong , Wang Rong
Published: January 2018

Mammal embryos can be impaired by mother’s excessive ethanol uptake, which induces a higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interferes in one carbon unit metabolism. Here, our analysis by in vitro culture system reveals immediate effect of ethanol in medium on mouse embryo development presents concentration dependent. A preimplantation embryo culture using medium contained 1% ethanol could impact greatly early embryos development, and harmful effect of ethanol on preimplantation embryos would last during the whole development period including of reducing ratio of blastocyst formation and implantation, and deteriorating postimplantation development. Supplement of 50 μg/ml betaine into culture medium can effectively reduce the level of ROS caused by ethanol in embryo cells and rescue embryo development at each stage damaged by ethanol, but supplement of glycine can’t rescue embryo development as does betaine. Results of 5-methylcytosine immunodetection indicate that supplement of betaine into medium can reduce the rising global level of genome DNA methylation in blastocyst cells caused by 1% ethanol, but glycine can’t play the same impact. The current findings demonstrate that betaine can effectively rescue development of embryos harmed by ethanol, and possibly by restoring global level of genome DNA methylation in blastocysts.
DUSP5 is methylated in CIMP-high colorectal cancer but is not a major regulator of intestinal cell proliferation and tumorigenesis
Authors: Tögel Lars , Nightingale Rebecca , Wu Rui , Chüeh Anderly C. , Al-Obaidi Sheren , Luk Ian , Dávalos-Salas Mercedes , Chionh Fiona , Murone Carmel , Buchanan Daniel D. , Chatterton Zac , Sieber Oliver M. , Arango Diego , Tebbutt Niall C. , Williams David , Dhillon Amardeep S. , Mariadason John M.
Published: January 2018

The ERK signalling pathway regulates key cell fate decisions in the intestinal epithelium and is frequently dysregulated in colorectal cancers (CRCs). Variations in the dynamics of ERK activation can induce different biological outcomes and are regulated by multiple mechanisms, including activation of negative feedback loops involving transcriptional induction of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs). We have found that the nuclear ERK-selective phosphatase DUSP5 is downregulated in colorectal tumours and cell lines, as previously observed in gastric and prostate cancer. The DUSP5 promoter is methylated in a subset of CRC cell lines and primary tumours, particularly those with a CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). However, this epigenetic change alone could not account for reduced DUSP5 expression in CRC cells. Functionally, DUSP5 depletion failed to alter ERK signalling or proliferation in CRC cell lines, and its transgenic overexpression in the mouse intestine had minimal impact on normal intestinal homeostasis or tumour development. Our results suggest that DUSP5 plays a limited role in regulating ERK signalling associated with the growth of colorectal tumours, but that methylation the DUSP5 gene promoter can serve as an additional means of identifying CIMP-high colorectal cancers.
A novel PAX7 10-bp indel variant modulates promoter activity, gene expression and contributes to different phenotypes of Chinese cattle
Authors: Xu Yao , Shi Tao , Zhou Yang , Liu Mei , Klaus Sebastian , Lan Xianyong , Lei Chuzhao , Chen Hong
Published: January 2018

Paired box 7 (PAX7) gene regulates the conversion of muscle satellite cells into myogenic cells and participates in multi-step processes in myogenesis. Expression levels of PAX7 are decisive for its regulatory function. Previous reports revealed that PAX7 were responsible for the developmental traits of muscle. The relationship of the PAX7 promoter variants and livestock phenotypic traits has not been fully elucidated. We detected a novel 10-bp insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphism in the bovine PAX7 promoter and revealed that the indel altered the binding of the transcriptional factor ZNF219. Luciferase reporter assay showed that deletion-deletion (Del-Del) genotype of the PAX7 gene showed 2.79-fold higher promoter activity than the insertion-insertion (Ins-Ins) genotype (P < 0.05), and ZNF219 overexpression significantly diminished the luciferase activity in Ins-Ins groups. Moreover, the expression of PAX7 and its down-stream genes were detected in fetal skeletal muscle of cattle with different PAX7 genotypes, where the Del-Del genotype also displayed high expression levels. Statistical association analysis demonstrated that this indel had significant effects on early growth traits in cattle. These findings provide a complete overview of the function of the PAX7 10-bp variant, which may have potential as a genetic marker for marker-assisted selection in improving economically significant traits of cattle.
Novel insights into the mechanism of well-ordered assembly of bacterial flagellar proteins in Salmonella
Authors: Inoue Yumi , Morimoto Yusuke V. , Namba Keiichi , Minamino Tohru
Published: January 2018

The FliI ATPase of the flagellar type III protein export apparatus forms the FliH2FliI complex along with its regulator FliH. The FliH2FliI complex is postulated to bring export substrates from the cytoplasm to the docking platform made of FlhA and FlhB although not essential for flagellar protein export. Here, to clarify the role of the FliH2FliI complex in flagellar assembly, we analysed the effect of FliH and FliI deletion on flagellar protein export and assembly. The hook length was not controlled properly in the ∆fliH-fliI flhB(P28T) mutant compared to wild-type cells, whose hook length is controlled to about 55 nm within 10% error. The FlhA(F459A) mutation increased the export level of the hook protein FlgE and the ruler protein FliK by about 10-fold and 3-fold, respectively, and improved the hook length control in the absence of FliH and FliI. However, the ∆fliH-fliI flhB(P28T) flhA(F459A) mutant did not produce flagellar filaments efficiently, and a large amount of flagellin monomers were leaked out into the culture media. Neither the hook length control nor flagellin leakage was affected by the FlhB(P28T) and FlhA(F459A) mutations. We will discuss a hierarchical protein export mechanism of the bacterial flagellum.
GO FEAT: a rapid web-based functional annotation tool for genomic and transcriptomic data
Authors: Araujo Fabricio Almeida , Barh Debmalya , Silva Artur , Guimarães Luis , Ramos Rommel Thiago Juca
Published: January 2018

Downstream analysis of genomic and transcriptomic sequence data is often executed by functional annotation that can be performed by various bioinformatics tools and biological databases. However, a full fast integrated tool is not available for such analysis. Besides, the current available software is not able to produce analytic lists of annotations and graphs to help users in evaluating the output results. Therefore, we present the Gene Ontology Functional Enrichment Annotation Tool (GO FEAT), a free web platform for functional annotation and enrichment of genomic and transcriptomic data based on sequence homology search. The analysis can be customized and visualized as per users’ needs and specifications. GO FEAT is freely available at http://computationalbiology.ufpa.br/gofeat/ and its source code is hosted at https://github.com/fabriciopa/gofeat.
Graphene-catalyzed formation of C≡N bonds via cleavage of C-C and N-O bonds in ethanol and nitrate under room temperature
Authors: Xiao Ding , Wang Wucong , Gai Yanzhe , Zhao Yaping
Published: January 2018

The cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds and the formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds play crucial roles in chemical synthesis. However, these reactions usually proceed at high temperature and involve multiple steps. Herein, we report an unusual and novel reaction catalyzed by graphene. The C-C bond in ethanol and the N-O bond in nitrate can be broken under room temperature, accompanied by the formation of the C≡N bond. We demonstrate these reactions and elucidate their mechanisms by verifying that the product is silver cyanide which was formed when mixing a solution of silver nitrate and ethanol with graphene dispersion in ethanol at room temperature. The pivotal reason for the reaction is the formation of the precipitated silver cyanide. In a broader context, this discovery opens a significant new path for the breakage of the C-C bond in ethanol and the synthesis of nitriles under mild conditions. Also, the graphene was first reported as a catalyst for the room-temperature reaction.
Regulation of Kv2.1 channel inactivation by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Authors: Delgado-Ramírez Mayra , De Jesús-Pérez José J. , Aréchiga-Figueroa Iván A. , Arreola Jorge , Adney Scott K. , Villalba-Galea Carlos A. , Logothetis Diomedes E. , Rodríguez-Menchaca Aldo A.
Published: January 2018

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is a membrane phospholipid that regulates the function of multiple ion channels, including some members of the voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel superfamily. The PIP2 sensitivity of Kv channels is well established for all five members of the Kv7 family and for Kv1.2 channels; however, regulation of other Kv channels by PIP2 remains unclear. Here, we investigate the effects of PIP2 on Kv2.1 channels by applying exogenous PIP2 to the cytoplasmic face of excised membrane patches, activating muscarinic receptors (M1R), or depleting endogenous PIP2 using a rapamycin-translocated 5-phosphatase (FKBP-Inp54p). Exogenous PIP2 rescued Kv2.1 channels from rundown and partially prevented the shift in the voltage-dependence of inactivation observed in inside-out patch recordings. Native PIP2 depletion by the recruitment of FKBP-Insp54P or M1R activation in whole-cell experiments, induced a shift in the voltage-dependence of inactivation, an acceleration of the closed-state inactivation, and a delayed recovery of channels from inactivation. No significant effects were observed on the activation mechanism by any of these treatments. Our data can be modeled by a 13-state allosteric model that takes into account that PIP2 depletion facilitates inactivation of Kv2.1. We propose that PIP2 regulates Kv2.1 channels by interfering with the inactivation mechanism.
Construction of unprecedented pillar-layered metal organic frameworks via a dual-ligand strategy for dye degradation
Authors: Tang Yu-Huan , Wang Fei , Zhang Jian
Published: January 2018

Presented here are two new pillar-layered MOFs based on different metal–carboxylate SBUs employed by mixing D-H2Cam and OH-bim ligands. The Zn/Co mixed compound 2 exhibits an adjustable Zn/Co ratio, which reversibly results in an adjustable photocatalytical property of dye degradation.
NIR/blue light emission optimization of NaY1−(x+y)YbxF4:Tmy upconversion nanoparticles via Yb3+/Tm3+ dopant balancing
Authors: Bagheri Ali , Li Zheye , Boyer Cyrille , Lim May
Published: January 2018

A data driven approach provides better understanding of the role of dopant balancing in the upconversion process and presents an effective strategy to enhance the optical properties of upconversion nanoparticles.
s-Block metal complexes of PC(H)P-bridged chalcogen-centred methanides: comparisons with isoelectronic PNP-bridged monoanions
Authors: Chivers Tristram , Thirumoorthi Ramalingam
Published: January 2018

This Perspective compares the chemistries of s-block metal complexes of isoelectronic PC(H)P- and PNP-bridged, chalcogen-centred monoanions with a focus on the unique behavior of the C(H)-bridged systems.
Potential formation of mutagenicity by low pressure-UV/H2O2during the treatment of nitrate-rich source waters
Authors: Semitsoglou-Tsiapou S. , Templeton M. R. , Graham N. J. D. , Mandal S. , Hernández Leal L. , Kruithof J. C.
Published: January 2018

LP-UV/H2O2treatment of NOM-containing synthetic waters led to nitrite, nitrophenol and measurable but not mutagenic Ames responses in the presence of nitrate, where the NOM type affected the response levels.
Bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of extruded snack-type products developed from novel formulations of lentil and nutritional yeast flours
Authors: Ciudad-Mulero María , Barros Lillian , Fernandes Ângela , Berrios José De J. , Cámara Montaña , Morales Patricia , Fernández-Ruiz Virginia , Ferreira Isabel C. F. R.
Published: January 2018

Pulses are well known to be gluten-free functional foods that provide a rich source of nutritional and healthy compounds with antioxidant-promoting activity.
Interactions between wine phenolic compounds and human saliva in astringency perception
Authors: García-Estévez Ignacio , Ramos-Pineda Alba María , Escribano-Bailón María Teresa
Published: January 2018

This review summarizes recent trends in methodologies based on the salivary protein–phenol interaction to determine astringency and the factors affecting this interaction.
A gold nano-electrode for single ion channel recordings
Authors: Okuno Daichi , Hirano Minako , Yokota Hiroaki , Ichinose Junya , Kira Takamitsu , Hijiya Taiki , Uozumi Chihiro , Yamakami Masahiro , Ide Toru
Published: January 2018

A single ion-channel protein on a gold nano-electrode was inserted into an artificial membrane and its current was recorded.
Electrochemical, top-down nanostructured pseudocapacitive electrodes for enhanced specific capacitance and cycling efficiency
Authors: Kalyani Vishwanath , Mondal Sudeshna , Saha Jayeeta , Subramaniam Chandramouli
Published: January 2018

Electrochemical nanostructuring of MnMoO4 to β-MnO2 on a CNT-scaffold is demonstrated to realize psuedocapacitors with high energy density, power density and lifetime.
Structure-based discovery of new maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase inhibitors
Authors: Zhou Shu , Li Guo-Bo , Luo Lin , Zhong Lei , Chen Kai , Li Hui , Jiang Xiao-Juan , Fu Qi , Long Xin , Bao Jin-ku
Published: January 2018

The new MELK inhibitor16showed no inhibitory effect on cancer growth, but can suppress the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, a key kinase in regulating cancer cell migration and invasion.
Concentration-directed morphological evolution of boronate ester-based dynamic covalent nanoparticles: a facile approach for size and shape control
Authors: Zhao Fuli , Dong Anjie , Ma Jinfeng , Deng Liandong , Zhang Jianhua
Published: January 2018

Precursor concentrations dictated the formation processes of dynamic boronate nanoparticles, thus providing a facile route for morphological and size manipulation.
Application of a rhodium-catalyzed cyclization cycloaddition cascade strategy to the total synthesis of (−)-curcumol
Authors: Zhang X. X. , Ko R. Y. Y. , Xie X. Q. , Qi W. P. , Li P. C. , Chiu P.
Published: January 2018

The first de novo total synthesis of (−)-curcumol was accomplished using a rhodium-catalyzed cyclization–cycloaddition cascade reaction as the key step.
Structural phase transition and bonding properties of high-pressure polymeric CaN3
Authors: Hou Pugeng , Lian Lili , Cai Yongmao , Liu Bao , Wang Bo , Wei Shuli , Li Da
Published: January 2018

Two new monoclinic P1̄-CaN3 and C2/m-CaN3 are predicted to become energetically stable under low pressure. For the first time, we identify one novel phase featuring charged “N6” chain in the P1̄-CaN3 structure.
α-Lipoic acid alleviates pentetrazol-induced neurological deficits and behavioral dysfunction in rats with seizures via an Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Cheng Yahong , Luo Fei , Zhang Qianying , Sang Ying , Chen Xiaofang , Zhang Lu , Liu Yonggang , Li Xiaofei , Li Jian , Ding Hong , Mei Yunqing
Published: January 2018

Epilepsy (EP) is a type of chronic brain disease characterized by transient central nervous system malfunction which is the result of neuron paradoxical discharge in the brain.
Combination of a bio-based polyphosphonate and modified graphene oxide toward superior flame retardant polylactic acid
Authors: Jing Jian , Zhang Yan , Tang Xinlei , Li Xiaonan , Peng Mao , Fang Zhengping
Published: January 2018

Superior flame retardant polylactic acid (PLA) composites were prepared using bio-based polyphosphonate (BPPT) and polyethyleneimine-modified graphene oxide (M-GO) to be used as a flame retardant, the total amount of which is only 3 wt%.
Adhesion strength of the cathode in lithium-ion batteries under combined tension/shear loadings
Authors: Luo Hailing , Zhu Juner , Sahraei Elham , Xia Yong
Published: January 2018

A new test method is designed to measure the adhesion strength of electrodes under different stress states.
V2O5-Based nanomaterials: synthesis and their applications
Authors: Liu Xuyan , Zeng Jiahuan , Yang Huinan , Zhou Kai , Pan Deng
Published: January 2018

Comprehensive depiction the phase-pure V2O5 with unique 1D, 2D, and 3D nanostructures. Illustrate the development of carbonaceous materials into the V2O5 electrodes. Introduce the cation doped V2O5 samples as the cathode material.
Au-doped Li1.2Ni0.7Co0.1Mn0.2O2 electrospun nanofibers: synthesis and enhanced capacity retention performance for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yue Bin , Wang Xinlu , Wang Jinxian , Yao Jing , Zhao Xinru , Zhang Hongbo , Yu Wensheng , Liu Guixia , Dong Xiangting
Published: January 2018

Au-doped Li1.2Ni0.7Co0.1Mn0.2O2 nanofibers, which exhibit better electrochemical performances, were fabricated by controlling the cationic ratio of Au.
Deep insights into the viscosity of small molecular solutions for organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Feng Shu , Ma Dongxin , Qiu Yong , Duan Lian
Published: January 2018

The viscosities of small molecular solutions and the surface morphologies of the corresponding thin films are investigated, toward high-performance devices (length–width ratio = 2 : 1).
Feasibility of hard acid–base affinity for the pronounced adsorption capacity of manganese(ii) using amino-functionalized graphene oxide
Authors: Suddai Anek , Nuengmatcha Prawit , Sricharoen Phitchan , Limchoowong Nunticha , Chanthai Saksit
Published: January 2018

The present study reveals the feasibility of using graphene oxide (GO) functionalized with 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane (APTMS) for the removal of Mn(ii) from aqueous solution. The APTMS bound on GO's surface was successfully confirmed by FTIR and EDX.
Flexible inorganic membranes used as a high thermal safety separator for the lithium-ion battery
Authors: Shi Chuan , Zhu Jianwei , Shen Xiu , Chen Fuxing , Ning Fanggang , Zhang Hongdi , Long Yun-Ze , Ning Xin , Zhao Jinbao
Published: January 2018

A flexible SiO2 porous fiber membrane (SF) is prepared by electrospinning followed by calcination in this work.
Fabrication of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4photovoltaic devices with 10% efficiency by optimizing the annealing temperature of precursor films
Authors: Zhang Pengpeng , Yu Qing , Min Xue , Guo Linbao , Shi Jiangjian , Zhao Xiangyun , Li Dongmei , Luo Yanhong , Wu Huijue , Meng Qingbo , Wu Sixin
Published: January 2018

Fabrication of a champion solar cell with 10.04% efficiency by optimizing the annealing temperature of precursor films.
Earth-abundant Fe1−xS@S-doped graphene oxide nano–micro composites as high-performance cathode catalysts for green solar energy utilization: fast interfacial electron exchange
Authors: Li Yueqiang , Yin Jie , Chu Chaofan , Sui Ning , Shi Shaozhen , Wei Jiazhen , Di Fangfang , Guo Junxue , Wang Can , Xu Wenli , Zhang Kaixuan , Li Xuefeng , Guo Tong , Chen Baoli , Zhang Yingtian , Wei Denghu , Hao Hongguo , Wei Xinting , Zhang Xianxi , Zhao Jinsheng , Zhou Huawei , Wang Shuhao
Published: January 2018

DSCs based on Fe1−xS@S-GO–NMC cathode achieved a high solar-to-electrical conversion efficiency up to 7.23%.
Influence of solvent and lecithin in microencapsulation of fish oil by spray-drying
Authors: Encina Cristian , Vergara Cristina , Márquez-Ruiz Gloria , Holgado Francisca , Robert Paz , Giménez Begoña
Published: January 2018

The objective of this work was to study the effect of the emulsifier (soy lecithin) and solvent (water and ethanol) in infeed systems for encapsulation of fish oil (FO) by spray-drying.
Electronic structure, polaron formation, and functional properties in transition-metal tungstates
Authors: Hoang Khang , Oh Myungkeun , Choi Yongki
Published: January 2018

This work establishes a relationship between the electronic structure, polaron formation, and electrochemical activity in transition-metal tungstates.
A palette of background-free tame fluorescent probes for intracellular multi-color labelling in live cells
Authors: Alamudi Samira Husen , Su Dongdong , Lee Kyung Jin , Lee Jung Yeol , Belmonte-Vázquez José Luis , Park Hee-Sung , Peña-Cabrera Eduardo , Chang Young-Tae
Published: January 2018

A palette of background-free tame fluorescent probes were designed and applied to intracellular multi-color labelling in live cells.
Enthalpy vs. friction: heat flow modelling of unexpected temperature profiles in mechanochemistry of metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Užarević Krunoslav , Ferdelji Nenad , Mrla Tomislav , Julien Patrick A. , Halasz Boris , Friščić Tomislav , Halasz Ivan
Published: January 2018

Numerical simulations for precise temperature profiles of milling reactions revealed dominant contribution of frictional heating, while reaction enthalpy remained negligible.
Fused pentacyclic electron acceptors with four cis-arranged alkyl side chains for efficient polymer solar cells
Authors: Hou Ran , Li Miao , Feng Shiyu , Liu Yahui , Wu Liangliang , Bi Zhaozhao , Xu Xinjun , Ma Wei , Bo Zhishan
Published: January 2018

A fused pentacyclic small molecule acceptor with cis-arranged alkyl side chains was firstly synthesized and applied in polymer solar cells.
Bimodal hole transport in bulk BiVO4from computation
Authors: Liu Taifeng , Pasumarthi Viswanath , LaPorte Christine , Feng Zhaochi , Li Qiuye , Yang Jianjun , Li Can , Dupuis Michel
Published: January 2018

Electron and hole transport in BVO is gated by hopping across VO4polyhedra.
A reactive oxygen species–responsive prodrug micelle with efficient cellular uptake and excellent bioavailability
Authors: Xu Long , Yang Yidi , Zhao Mingying , Gao Wenxia , Zhang Hai , Li Sai , He Bin , Pu Yuji
Published: January 2018

Stimuli-responsive polymeric drug delivery systems are of great interest in anticancer research. Here, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)–responsive prodrug was prepared by thioketal linkage of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX).
Sustained drug release and cancer treatment by an injectable and biodegradable cyanoacrylate-based local drug delivery system
Authors: Zhang Tao , Tang Yongjia , Zhang Wei , Liu Shan , Zhao Yumei , Wang Wei , Wang Jian , Xu Liang , Liu Keliang
Published: January 2018

A novel injectable and biodegradable cross-linked cyanoacrylate-based local drug delivery system with excellent anticancer activity.
Size-controllable dual drug-loaded silk fibroin nanospheres through a facile formation process
Authors: Wu Mi , Yang Wenhua , Chen Sheng , Yao Jinrong , Shao Zhengzhong , Chen Xin
Published: January 2018

Paclitaxel/doxorubicin-loaded silk fibroin nanospheres were prepared through a facile and green method and showed a synergistic effect on the anti-proliferative activity.
Correction: Escape of anions from geminate recombination in THF due to charge delocalization
Authors: Chen Hung-Cheng , Cook Andrew R. , Asaoka Sadayuki , Boschen Jeffery S. , Windus Theresa L. , Miller John R.
Published: January 2018

Correction for ‘Escape of anions from geminate recombination in THF due to charge delocalization’ by Hung-Cheng Chen et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2017, 19, 32272–32285.
Mechanism of supported Ru3Sn7 nanocluster-catalyzed selective hydrogenation of coconut oil to fatty alcohols
Authors: Luo Zhicheng , Bing Qiming , Kong Jiechen , Liu Jing-yao , Zhao Chen
Published: January 2018

As a promising hydrotreating catalyst, it was previously reported that Ru⋯OSn (Ru electronically interacts with Sn oxides) on RuSn/SiO2 was the active site for fatty acid hydrogenation, but here in this work we found that Ru3Sn7 nanoclusters on RuSn/SiO2 were responsible for the selective hydrogenation of diverse fatty acids and coconut oil to fatty alcohols.
An isolable β-diketiminato chlorosilylene
Authors: Xiong Yun , Yao Shenglai , Kostenko Arseni , Driess Matthias
Published: January 2018

The first β-diketiminate ligated chlorosilylene has been synthesised and isolated from the corresponding β-diketiminato dichlorohydrosilane through dehydrochlorination with an N-heterocyclic carbene.
Modeling in environmental chemistry
Authors: MacLeod Matthew , Gouin Todd , McKone Thomas E.
Published: January 2018

Guest editors Matthew MacLeod, Todd Gouin and Thomas McKone introduce the Modeling in Environmental Chemistry themed issue of Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts.
Electrical current nanogeneration driven by spontaneous nanofluidic oscillations
Authors: Gimenez R. , Mercuri M. , Berli C. L. A. , Bellino M. G.
Published: January 2018

Here we describe how spontaneous nanofluidic oscillations from capillary infiltration in mesoporous films can be converted into small electrical currents.
Synthesis of poly(ionic liquid)-based nano-objects with morphological transitionsviaRAFT polymerization-induced self-assembly in ethanol
Authors: Yang Yongqi , Zheng Jinwen , Man Shoukuo , Sun Xiaolan , An Zesheng
Published: January 2018

A full range of morphologies including spheres, worms and vesicles was observed in poly(ionic liquid)-based block copolymer nano-objectsviaethanolic dispersion polymerization.
Efficient image steganography using graph signal processing
Authors: Sharma Vijay Kumar , Srivastava Devesh Kumar , Mathur Pratistha
Published: January 2018

Steganography is used for secret or covert communication. A graph wavelet transform‐based steganography using graph signal processing (GSP) is presented, which results in better visual quality stego image as well as extracted secret image. In the proposed scheme, graph wavelet transforms of both the cover image and transformed secret image (using Arnold cat map) are taken followed by alpha blending operation. The GSP‐based inverse wavelet transform is performed on the resulting image, to get the stego image. Here, the use of GSP increases the inter‐pixel correlation that results in better visual quality stego and extracted secret image as shown in simulation results. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is more robust than other existing steganography techniques.
Efficient design of BinDCT in quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) technology
Authors: Touil Lamjed , Gassoumi Ismail , Laajimi Radhouane , Ouni Bouraoui
Published: January 2018

Here, the authors present a hardware design of fast multiplierless forward binary discrete cosine transform (BinDCT) based on quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) technology. This new technology offers several features such as: small size, ultralow power consumption, and can operate at 1 THz. The simulation results in QCA Designer software confirm that the proposed circuit works well and can be used as a high‐performance design in QCA technology. The analysis obtained from the implementation of QCA BinDCT indicates that the proposed architecture is superior to the existing based on classic metal‐oxide (complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor technology) technology. Here, the authors are going to introduce highly BinDCT module scaled with ultra‐low power consuming. The proposed circuit requires 50% fewer power consuming compared to previous existing designs. The proposed architecture can attain a throughput of 800 mega pixel per second (Mpps). To design and verify the proposed architecture, QCADesigner tool and QCAPro tool are, respectively, employed for synthesis and power consumption estimation. Since the works in the field of QCA logic image processing have only started to bloom, the proposed contribution will engender a new thread of research in the field of real‐time image and video treatment.
Unity power factor three‐phase AC–DC converter applying two switch DCM SEPIC converter with coupled inductors
Authors: Foroozeshfar Reza , Adib Ehsan
Published: January 2018

A two switch three‐phase power factor correction SEPIC converter with coupled inductor operating in discontinuous current mode is presented. The switches voltage stress in this converter is related to peak of phase voltage instead of line voltage. Also, applying coupled inductor technique, not only reduces number of the magnetic cores but also with suitable design of coupling coefficient, input current ripple cancellation is achieved, so smaller inductor size can be used as input inductance. Thus, the proposed converter only applies three magnetic cores and <5% THD is achieved with the proposed converter in a wide range of load and input voltage variations. Input phases are decoupled so converter can keep unity power factor even under unbalanced input source. Operating modes of the proposed converter is explained, and its input impedance is determined. It is verified that input impedance is pure resistive. The mathematical analysis and design procedure are discussed. Design example and experimental results from 400 W prototype with 220 V line to natural input RMS phase voltage and with 400 V output voltage operating at 40 kHz are presented to verify theoretical analysis.
Widespread HCN maser emission in carbon-rich evolved stars
Authors: Menten K. M. , Wyrowski F. , Keller D. , Kamiński T.
Published: January 2018

Context.HCN is a major constituent of the circumstellar envelopes of carbon-rich evolved stars, and rotational lines from within its vibrationally excited states probe parts of these regions closest to the stellar surface. A number of such lines are known to show maser action. Historically, in one of them, the 177 GHzJ= 2 → 1 line in thel-doubled bending mode has been found to show relatively strong maser action, with results only published for a single object, the archetypical high-mass loss asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star IRC+10216.

Aims.To examine how common 177 GHz HCN maser emission is, we conducted an exploratory survey for this line toward a select sample of carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch stars that are observable from the southern hemisphere.

Methods.We used the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment 12 meter submillimeter Telescope (APEX) equipped with a new receiver to simultaneously observe threeJ= 2 → 1 HCN rotational transitions, the (0, 11c, 0) and (0, 11d, 0)l-doublet components, and the line from the (0,0,0) ground state.

Results.The (0, 11c, 0) maser line is detected toward 11 of 13 observed sources, which all show emission in the (0,0,0) transition. In most of the sources, the peak intensity of the (0, 11c, 0) line rivals that of the (0,0,0) line; in two sources, it is even stronger. Except for the object with the highest mass-loss rate, IRC+10216, the (0, 11c, 0) line covers a smaller velocity range than the (0,0,0) line. The (0, 11d, 0) line, which is detected in four of the sources, is much weaker than the other two lines and covers a velocity range that is smaller yet, again except for IRC+10216. Compared to its first detection in 1989, the profile of the (0, 11c, 0) line observed toward IRC+10216 looks very different, and we also appear to see variability in the (0,0,0) line profile (at a much lower degree). Our limited information on temporal variabilitydisfavors a strong correlation of maser and stellar continuum flux.

Conclusions.Maser emission in the 177 GHzJ= 2 → 1 (0, 11c, 0) line of HCN appears to be common in carbon-rich AGB stars. Like for other vibrationally excited HCN lines, our observations indicate that the origin of these lines is in the acceleration zone of the stellar outflow in which dust is forming. For all the stars toward which we detect the maser line, the number of photons available at 7 and 14μm, corresponding to transitions to vibrationally excited states possibly involved in its pumping, is found to be far greater than that of the maser photons, which makes radiative pumping feasible. Other findings point to a collisional pumping scheme, however.
Comparison of repeated transcranial stimulation and transcranial direct-current stimulation on primary motor cortex excitability and inhibition: A pilot study
Authors: Cabibel Vincent , Muthalib Makii , Froger Jérôme , Perrey Stéphane
Published: January 2018

Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a well-known clinical neuromodulation technique, but transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is rapidly growing interest for neurorehabilitation applications. Both methods (contralesional hemisphere inhibitory low-frequency: LF-rTMS or lesional hemisphere excitatory anodal: a-tDCS) have been employed to modify the interhemispheric imbalance following stroke. The aim of this pilot study was to compare aHD-tDCS (anodal high-definition tDCS) of the left M1 (2 mA, 20 min) and LF-rTMS of the right M1 (1 Hz, 20 min) to enhance excitability and reduce inhibition of the left primary motor cortex (M1) in five healthy subjects. Single-pulse TMS was used to elicit resting and active (low level muscle contraction, 5% of maximal electromyographic signal) motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and cortical silent periods (CSPs) from the right and left extensor carpi radialis muscles at Baseline, immediately and 20 min (Post-Stim-20) after the end of each stimulation protocol. LF-rTMS or aHD-tDCS significantly increased right M1 resting and active MEP amplitude at Post-Stim-20 without any CSP modulation and with no difference between methods. In conclusion, this pilot study reported unexpected M1 excitability changes, which most likely stems from variability, which is a major concern in the field to consider.
An Efficient Synthesis of New 7-Trifluoromethyl-2,5-disubstituted Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines
Authors: Abarbri Mohamed , Jismy Badr , Allouchi Hassan , Guillaumet Gérald , Akssira Mohamed
Published: January 2018

A novel two-step synthesis of trifluoromethylated 3,5-disubstituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines is reported from 3-aminopyrazoles and ethyl 4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-ynoate. The synthetic route begins with the one-pot synthesis of 7-trifluoromethylated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-ones by condensation of 3-aminopyrazoles with a fluorinated alkyne. The products obtained are used as building blocks to synthesize directly, with excellent yields via C–O bond activation, a library of new fluorinated 3,5-disubstituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines of biological interest. This operation efficiently allows C–C, C–N and C–S bond formation.
C- vs. N-Oxidations of Benzyltriazanes: Selective Access to Triazones, Azimines, and Triazenes
Authors: Joucla Lionel , Lacôte Emmanuel , Glowacki Aurore , Jeux Victorien , Gasnier Gwénaël , Jacob Guy
Published: January 2018

The oxidation of several benzyltriazanes has been studied. Routes to the selective formation of triazenes, azimines, and triazones via C- or N-oxidation (and rearrangement) were devised. The rich reactivity of triazanes shows that trinitrogen chains are interesting functions, whose reactivity has been overlooked despite their interest as 3-N building blocks.
Providing Effective Speech-Language Pathology Group Treatment in the Comprehensive Inpatient Rehabilitation Setting
Authors: Holcombe Molly , van der Stelt Candace , Baron Christine
Published: January 2018

Group treatment is an integral part of speech-language pathology (SLP) practice. The majority of SLP literature concerns group treatment provided in outpatient settings. This article describes the goals, procedures, and benefits of providing quality SLP group therapy in the comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation (CIR) setting. Effective CIR groups must be designed with attention to type and severity of communication impairment, as well physical stamina of group members. Group leaders need to target individualized patient goals while creating a challenging, complex, and dynamic group context that supports participation by all group members. Direct patient-to-patient interaction is fostered as much as possible. Peer feedback supports goal acquisition by fellow group members. The rich, complex group context fosters improved insight, initiation, social connectedness, and generalization of communication skills. Group treatment provides a unique type of treatment not easily replicated with individual treatment. SLP group treatment in a CIR is an essential component of an intensive, high-quality program. Continued advocacy for group therapy provision and research into its efficacy and effectiveness are warranted.
Lymphocytic Adrenal Medullitis: Case Report of A Patient with Pheochromocytoma-Like Hypertensive Paroxysms
Authors: Calissendorff Jan , Christofer Juhlin Carl
Published: January 2018

Lymphocytic adrenal medullitis (LAM) denote the histological finding of lymphocytic infiltrates in the adrenal medulla, a rare phenomenon that previously has been deemed asymptomatic and linked to autopsy findings in patients with type I diabetes. We describe the finding of LAM in a 66-year old female presenting with hyperaldosteronism and a 17 mm lesion in the right adrenal gland. The patient displayed secondary hypertension as well as intermittently occurring exaggerated hypertensive episodes with systolic peaks above 220 mm Hg. Preoperative catecholamine screening was negative, diminishing the possibility of a pheochromocytoma. Unilateral adrenalectomy was performed, and histology revealed an aldosterone producing adrenocortical adenoma. No signs of adrenomedullary hyperplasia or pheochromocytoma were found; however, prominent B- and T-lymphocytic infiltrates were observed across the medulla. The inflammation was almost absent in the surrounding adrenocortical tissue. Postoperatively, the patient remained hypertensive, but without paroxysmal excessive blood pressure elevations. A review of our pathology records between the years 2000 to present time as well as focused histopathological re-examination of 40 cases revealed no signs of LAM in any adrenal gland investigated, confirming the occurrence in living patients as exceedingly rare. This is the first report of LAM in a living patient, with a possible clinical association to intermittent episodes of markedly increased blood pressure not commonly seen in patients with hyperaldosteronism. A coupling between LAM and exaggerated hypertensive episodes cannot be ruled out.
Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit einer Fußcreme bei Typ-2-Diabetikern
Authors: Braun N. , Herling M. , Theek C. , Tronnier H. , Heinrich U.
Published: January 2018

In der vorliegenden Studie wurde eine Fußcreme hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung zur Fußpflege von Typ-2-Diabetikern untersucht. An der Wirksamkeitsstudie nahmen 23 Probanden über einen Zeitraum von 6 Wochen teil, welche die Fußcreme 2-mal täglich applizierten. Die Fußcreme zeichnete sich durch gute feuchtigkeitsspendende Eigenschaften aus und trug zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung der Hautbarriere bei. Gleichzeitig konnte die Durchblutung der Haut und damit die Versorgung der Haut mit Feuchtigkeit deutlich verbessert werden. Messungen der Hauttemperatur zeigten keine Temperaturerhöhung. Es wurde über ein angenehmes Hautgefühl berichtet. Die Keimbesiedlung wurde konstant gehalten. Zusätzlich wurden subjektive Bewertungen in Bezug auf Hautbild, Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit mittels Fragebogen erfasst. Hier spiegelte sich die gute Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit der Fußcreme durch hohe Akzeptanz bei den Probanden wider.