bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The approach of Swiss commercial companies to making decisions on the organization of in–house training programs
Authors: Ananchenkova P. I.
Published: July 2023

It is recognized in the scientific literature that training in apprenticeship–mentoring programs is a very effective form of training that provides young people with skills that allow them to experience fewer problems when moving from the stage of vocational training to entering the labor market. However, a prerequisite for the successful functioning of the training system for apprenticeship–mentoring programs is the presence of a sufficiently large number of companies willing to train young people.

The factors influencing companies’ readiness for training are analyzed in interdisciplinary theoretical and applied research, the main conclusion of which is that the decision to create and implement in–house training programs (professional internship programs) is made by companies using data on the state of the regional labor market and the structure of the regional education system. At the same time, regional differences in data should be used within the same national training system. This is a significant condition for comparative studies, since the unity of the educational system allows us to fix the uniformity of influence on the decision–making about education, which is impossible when conducting an analysis at the international level.

The paper presents data reflecting the factors of decision–making by Swiss commercial companies on the implementation of apprenticeship–mentoring programs within the framework of corporate educational policy.
Features of the formation of a system of ESG–indicators of non–financial reporting to assess the business activity and trustworthiness of counterparties
Authors: Lazareva N. A.
Published: July 2023

At present, the tasks of the «green» economy, social planning and corporate governance are of particular importance. In Russia, the concept of ESG (environment, social, governance) is at the initial stage of its development, gradually being introduced into the financial and economic activities of an economic entity. Most foreign companies, in an effort to increase or maintain a high level of business reputation, already include ESG indicators in their reports.

In this regard, the purpose of this article is to study the problems associated with the formation of effective partnerships, the planning and implementation of which should be based on the use of a whole range of criteria: a positive credit history, a company’s rating in the industry, business reputation, as well as non–financial indicators that make up ESG — the concept of company development.

The purpose of the study was to identify key factors on the basis of which the reliability of counterparties should be determined, a single concept should be formed in establishing criteria for assessing the integrity of counterparties, and preventing possible business risks. The importance and relevance of the study are determined by the fact that it was carried out as part of the implementation of new regulations to introduce the concept of a «technical company», assess the reliability of counterparties, and lay responsibility on companies for interacting with unscrupulous subjects of market relations.
Migration as a risk factor for demographic, social and economic development problems in the world
Authors: Kudin I. A.
Published: July 2023

The article discusses migration, one of the most important and pressing problems in the world. There are 184 million migrants worldwide, of which 43% live in low– and middle–income countries. Migration problems are becoming even more widespread and urgent due to serious differences between and within countries — in terms of real wages, labor market opportunities, demographic characteristics and climate costs.

Migration makes a significant contribution to economic development and poverty reduction, but is also fraught with difficulties and risks. Migrants often bring skills, dynamism and resources that strengthen the economies of destination countries. In many cases, they also strengthen the country of origin by providing a vital mechanism to support communities by sending remittances.

Policies to improve migration flows can help take advantage of economic opportunities and mitigate the difficulties and risks faced by migrants.
XVIII. Yüzyılın İlk Çeyreğinde Osmanlı-İngiliz İlişkileri
Authors: BÜYÜKAKSOY Ahmet
Published: July 2023

Her ne kadar XVIII. yüzyıl, diplomasi tarihi için oldukça verimli bir saha olsa da bu durum Osmanlı diplomasi tarihi için geçerli olamamıştır. Son yıllarda Osmanlı diplomasi tarihine dair kıymetli çalışmalar yapılmış olmasına rağmen bu alan hâlâ tarihçiler tarafından keşfedilmeyi beklemektedir. Bununla beraber kuruluşundan itibaren Batı diplomasisinin bir parçası olan Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nu dışarıda bırakarak bir diplomasi tarihi yazmak mümkün değildir. İngiltere gibi uzak bir devletin diplomasisinde bile Osmanlı İmparatorluğu önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Karlofça Antlaşması’nın imzalandığı tarih olan 1699’dan II. George’un tahta çıkış tarihi olan 1727 yılları arasında iki devletin diplomatik ilişkilerini inceleyerek Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun İngiliz siyasetinde ne kadar önemli bir yer tuttuğu gerçeğini ispatlamaya çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışma sonucunda görülmüştür ki ele alınan dönemde İngiltere’nin hanedan, ticaret, kıtasal ve küresel hedefleri Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’na karşı politikalarını belirleyen ana unsurlar olmuştur. Bu çalışmada bu hedeflerin neler olduğu anlatılmış ve İngiltere’nin Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’na karşı yürüttüğü politikasını bu hedefler doğurultusunda şekillendirmeye çalıştığı iddiası öne sürülmüştür. Bu şekilde Osmanlı ve Batı diplomasi tarihindeki büyük boşluğun bir nebze olsun giderilmesi hedeflenmiştir.
Osmanlı Devleti’nde Köleliğin Askeri, İktisadi, Sosyal Ve Hukuki Çerçeveleri
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Yücel
Published: July 2023

ÖZ

Kölelik, insan evriminin katmanlarını ve aşamalarını belirlemede önemli bir turnusol kâğıdıdır. İlk çağdan Modern Çağ’a kadar bütün toplumlarda sosyal, iktisadi işleve sahip olan kölelik, Osmanlı devlet ve toplum hayatının en önemli unsurlarından birisi idi. Çalışmada Kölelik olgusunun insani değer sistemlerinin dışına itilmesi ile Modern Çağ öncesinde tüm inanç ve kültürlerde tabii bir yaratılış gerçeği olarak kabul edilmesi arasındaki çelişkiye kuvvetli vurgu yapılmıştır. Bu vesileyle kültürel zaman kavramına dikkat çekilmiştir. Osmanlı’da köleliğin kültürel zeminine temas edilmiş, köleliğin askeri, iktisadi, sosyal ve hukuki çerçeveleri mikro ölçekte analiz edilmiştir.

ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Köle, Osmanlı, Pençik, Kanunname, Fetva, Esir, Kul, Devşirme, Gümrük, Fiyat.

ABSTRACT

Slavery is an important litmus paper in determining the layers and stages of human evolution. Slavery, which had a social and economic function in all societies from the First Age to the Modern Age, was one of the most important elements of Ottoman state and social life. Strong emphasis is placed on the contradiction between the concept of slavery being pushed out of human value systems and its acceptance as a natural fact of creation in all beliefs and cultures before the Modern Age. On this occasion, attention was drawn to the concept of cultural time. In the study, the cultural basis of slavery in the Ottoman Empire was touched on, and the military, economic, social and legal frameworks of slavery were analyzed on a micro scale.

KEY WORDS: Slave, Ottoman, Pençik, Kanunnama, Fatwa, Captive, Slave, Devshirme, Customs, Price.
La multifuncionalidad de la actividad agropecuaria. Su papel en la protección de la salud, en la lucha contra el cambio climático y en la dinamización rural
Authors: Muñoz Amor María del Mar
Published: July 2023

En el presente trabajo se plantearán varias cuestiones. Por un lado, se revisará la relación que existe entre el cambio climático y el sector agropecuario, teniendo en cuenta que nos encontramos ante una actividad que presenta dos caras: tanto la de emisora de GEIs, como la de sumidero de CO2.

Por otro lado, cómo, este sector, a través de sus prácticas se ha convertido en el garante de la salud de las personas, dado que también lo es de una alimentación suficiente, saludable y sostenible.

Finalmente, se reconocerá otro indudable -y cada vez más urgente- papel de este sector como dinamizador del mundo rural.
El vino de Málaga durante más de quinientos años de legislación
Authors: Palma Fernández José Luis
Published: July 2023

El artículo examina la intervención del poder público a lo largo de más de quinientos años, con relación a la regulación de vino de Málaga. El recorrido histórico se inicia en los Reyes Católicos y concluye en la Unión Europea. Desde la tradicional importancia del volumen de vino comercializado, que fue el primero en España, se pasa tras la filoxera a una decidida apuesta por la calidad, que se mantiene y consolida en la actualidad.
Impactos territoriales de los mercados agroecológicos: el caso del Tianguis Alternativo de Puebla (México)
Authors: García Bustamante Rocío , Roldán Rueda Héctor Nicolás
Published: July 2023

Ante el avance de un sistema alimentario global que apuesta por una producción agrícola industrializada, monocultivos a gran escala, dependencia de energías fósiles, cadenas largas de distribución y venta cada vez más monopolizadas, se contraponen espacios y estrategias locales que de distintos actores sociales que promueven la producción, distribución, transformación, comercialización / intercambio y consumo de alimentos, que utilizan prácticas ecológicas, de proximidad y democráticas. Este documento tiene como objetivo analizar los impactos ambientales, económicos, sociales, culturales y políticos potenciales de los mercados agroecológicos, tomando en cuenta la experiencia, trayectoria y aprendizajes del llamado Tianguis Alternativo de Puebla, ubicado en México, considerando su camino de 15 años de existencia. A través de metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas  se muestra la incidencia de este mercado en el territorio, teniendo como resultado la visibilización de los impactos territoriales en los procesos productivos, organizativos, socioculturales, comerciales y de intercambio, así como de consumo; promoviendo la calidad y cantidad de los alimentos agroecológicos locales disponibles, politizando las relaciones de intercambio, y construyendo redes y vínculos entre los distintos actores sociales participantes.
Las sociedades civiles agrarias en el Registro Mercantil tras la Ley 18/2022, de creación y crecimiento de empresas
Authors: Karrera Egialde Mikel Mari
Published: July 2023

En este trabajo se traza un recorrido por las manifestaciones más significativas de las sociedades civiles agrarias en el mundo rural. Se trata de convenios de colaboración encuadradas en el ámbito del Derecho agrario que, más allá de las meras aspiraciones productivas y económicas para atender la alimentación, atienden también a pretensiones de cuidado del medio ambiente y del territorio contribuyendo al poblamiento social, desarrollo cultural y prevención de riesgos naturales. Con ello se pretende aportar un elemento de reflexión para examinar la última reforma de la Ley 18/2022 sobre las sociedades civiles en los dos aspectos sobre los que incide: en la vertiente sustantiva, el eventual desarrollo por los Derechos civiles autonómicos; y en la vertiente adjetiva, la posibilidad voluntaria de inscripción en el Registro mercantil.
El cultivo de la vid y la producción de vino en el Ribeiro de Avión: una aproximación histórica y geográfica
Authors: Doval Adán Antonio
Published: July 2023

Conocer la magnitud y alcance de la producción de vino, e identificar los terrenos y localidades más significativas que durante años se han dedicado al cultivo de la vid en el municipio orensano de Avión (integrado en la comarca del Ribeiro) constituyen los objetivos prioritarios de esta investigación. El trabajo se estructura en cuatro apartados fundamentales: en el primero se analiza la producción de vino en Avión durante los siglos XVIII y XIX, en el segundo se abordan los paisajes culturales generados por el cultivo de la vid entre 1944 y 1960, en el tercero se evalúa la situación en la que se encuentran los viñedos a principios del siglo XXI y el último apartado se adentra en el patrimonio arqueológico derivado de la actividad vitivinícola. El estudio realizado demuestra que el viñedo en Avión ha estado muy presente desde hace casi 300 años, al menos en el 44 % de sus parroquias. En este sentido, desempeñaron un papel muy activo las bodegas que operaban en las localidades de Beresmo, Amiudal y Mourelle, que de manera conjunta llegaron a contar, en 1944, con una superficie gráfica cultivada que llegó a superar las 112,51 hectáreas dedicadas al cuidado y explotación de la vid, dando como resultado una producción anual considerable de casi 2.445 hectolitros de vino.
François Purseigle et Bertrand Hervieu, Une agriculture sans agriculteurs
Authors: García de Azcárate Tomás
Published: July 2023

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José María Caballero Lozano, El arrendamiento de Cotos Privados de Caza
Authors: Zumaquero Gil Laura
Published: July 2023

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Dualisme Akad Ijarah Dan Ijarah Muntahiyah Bit-Tamlik (IMBT) Perspektif Fiqh Muamalah
Authors: Sisminawati Sisminawati , Suminto Ahmad
Published: July 2023

he reality of practice in the field regarding ijarah financing contracts and ijarah vomitiyah bit-Tamlik differs from the basic theory, namely fiqh muamalah. So this article tries to recite or dialogue fiqh muamalah theory about the concept of lease with the reality of applications that occur in Islamic financial institutions. In this study, the author calls the dualism of the ijarah contract and the Ijarah Muntahiyah Bit-Tamlik (IMBT) fiqh muamalah perspective. The writing method in this study is a combination of two writing methods (mix method), namely library research and field studies (file research), with a descriptive-analytic qualitative approach. The literature study is carried out by collecting data on the thoughts and opinions of experts (experts) in several books in the library. Meanwhile, field studies are carried out through interviews and observations in Islamic financial institutions, as related objects. The results of this study indicate that ijarah Muntiyah bit-Tamlik (IMBT) is a kind of combination between a sale and purchase contract and a lease or more precisely a lease agreement which ends with the ownership of the goods in the hands of the lessee. In the IMBT contract there is a lease-purchase contract, there have been two transactions or contracts in one transaction. Because in practice payments made during the installment period can change function. If the buyer cannot pay off the installments, then the payment functions as a rent but if he is able to pay it off, it serves as a sale and purchase price.
Analisis Implementasi Akad Murabahah pada Pembiayaan Modal Usaha Mikro
Authors: Syakir Muhammad Abdi , Sauqi Muhammad , Candrakusuma Mushlih
Published: July 2023

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the murabahah contract on micro business capital financing. This research is a field research by taking the location at BMT Khairul Amin Martapura. The data in this study are qualitative data consisting of primary data and secondary data. The data obtained through the method of documentation, observation and interviews. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using descriptive analysis method. The results of this study resulted in the findings that the implementation of micro business financing products using murabahah contracts at BMT Khairul Amin consisted of submitting financing by customers, fulfilling data and documents, business surveys and guarantees, administrative analysis, financing analysis, granting of wakalah authorization and financing disbursement, reporting. proof of purchase and contract of murabahah financing agreement. In practice at BMT Khairul Amin, micro business financing products that use murabahah contracts more often use wakalah contracts as complementary contracts.
Penerapan Prinsip 5C Pada Resiko Pembiayaan Murabahah Di BMT Istiqomah Tulungagung dan BMT Pahlawan Tulungagung
Authors: Wahyu Ningtyas Dwi
Published: July 2023

This research is motivated by the development of Islamic microfinance institutions called Baitul Maal wat Tamwil. The 5C principle in BMT Istiqomah and BMT Pahlawan are used to anticipate the risk of problematic financing in the future. The problems that often occur in BMT Istiqomah and BMT Pahlawan are almost similar, namely the character of members or prospective members who are not honest. Based on this background, researchers are interested in conducting research with the title "Implementation of Character, Capital, Collateral, Capacity, and Condition Principles in the Risk of Murabaha Financing in Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil Istiqomah with Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil Pahlawan Tulungagung". This research is a field research. The number of informants from this study were 3 BMT Istiqomah employees and 5 BMT Pahlawan employees. Methods of data collection by observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis of the data is descriptive analysis. The results of this study are the implementation of the 5C principle in Istiqomah BMT and Pahlawan BMT both using the 5C principle. But in the implementation of the principle of character is preferred in analyzing murabaha financing, the next principle is guarantee and ability. This is because BMT Istiqomah and BMT Pahlawan both do not have the ability to continue to monitor all financing that has been acc. So that the principle of character is preferred. But other principles are also considered important so that all 5C principles are still used in Istiqomah BMT and Pahlawan BMT.
Implementasi Akad Dalam Perbankan Syariah Di Indonesia
Authors: Sultoni Hasan , Rahmawati Ayu , Ashofa Filda
Published: July 2023

The contract is the most important element that must be considered in the transaction because the contract that determines a transaction is declared valid according to the syara' or canceled, so that the contract must be considered from various aspects both from the pillars and conditions, the object of the contract, as well as the one who terminates the contract. Contracts are divided into two types, namely exchange contracts and mix contracts. Implementation of the contract has become the operational basis in Islamic Financial Institutions today including Islamic Banking. The contract that underlies every business transaction, with the contract will know someone's motivation in carrying out business transactions and find out the extent to which business transactions are carried out based on syara' and how the contract is implemented in Islamic financial institutions including Islamic banking.
«Ideas, o movimientos en el cerebro»
Authors: Calvente Sofía
Published: July 2023

En la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII tuvo lugar un debate entre Thomas Reid y Joseph Priestley acerca de la naturaleza de la mente y su interacción con el cuerpo. En el marco de la defensa de la religión cristiana y en nombre de principios metodológicos experimentalistas y newtonianos, los autores defienden propuestas radicalmente diferentes acerca de la relación entre la mente y la materia. Sus divergencias se vinculan con la interpretación del método newtoniano y su concepción de la materia, lo que delineará dos actitudes: una dualista, de carácter más conservador por parte de Reid y una materialista, heterodoxa e innovadora por parte de Priestley.
Centrally-extended generalized Jordan derivations in rings
Authors: Bhushan Bharat , Sandhu Gurninder S. , Kumar Deepak
Published: July 2023

In this article, we introduce the notion of centrally-extended generalized Jordan derivations and characterize the structure of a prime ring (resp. *-prime ring) R that admits a centrally-extended generalized Jordan derivation F satisfying [F(x), x] ∈ Z(R) (resp. [F(x), x*] ∈ Z(R)) for all x ∈ R.
“Holographic” Type Implementations in the Description of Drug Release Dynamics
Authors: Bruma Andreea Bianca , Iftimie George Sebastian , Moruz Matei , Ciorap Radu
Published: July 2023

The dynamics of drug release from polymeric structures are presented in the context of the Scale Relativity Theory, by using a fractal Fokker-Planck type equation, isometry by inversion of fractal coordinates (spatial and temporal coordinates of fractal type) is shown, which can describe different nonlinear processes implied in drug release dynamics.
Towards Drug Release Dynamics from a Multifractal Perspective of Motion
Authors: Bruma Andreea Bianca , Iftimie George Sebastian , Moraru Cristina , Rusu Cristina-Marcela
Published: July 2023

A new mathematical method in the drug release dynamics is proposed using Scale Relativity Theory. Our method is completely different than the standard one, because the variables through which we can describe the release dynamics are non-differentiable mathematical functions (i.e. mathematicals functions both dependent of spatial and time coordinates, and also of scale resolutions). In such context, the scale resolution is correlated with drug release degree so that various drug release regimes can be highlighted (gradual drug release, saturation, decay of polymer matrix etc.).
The Impact of Macroprudential Policy on Credit Growth in Nine Euro Area Economies
Authors: Lorenčič Eva , Volčjak Robert , Festić Mejra
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we investigate the impact of macroprudential policy measures (bundled together into a macroprudential policy index, MPI) on the non-financial corporate sector credit and household credit growth using a one-step system GMM empirical research method. The goal of our paper is to test whether contractionary macroprudential policy stymies credit growth rate and whether expansionary macroprudential policy spurs credit growth rate in selected Euro Area economies (Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Slovenia, and Spain) over the period 2008Q4–2018Q4. We test two hypotheses: H1: The tightening of macroprudential policy measures reduces the non-financial corporate sector credit growth rate, and H2: The tightening of macroprudential policy measures reduces the growth rate of household credit. Based on our empirical results, we can confirm the first hypothesis. In contrast, the second hypothesis can be neither confirmed nor rejected since the explanatory variable of interest (MPI) is statistically insignificant in the second model.
Aquifer layer in Muara Batu and Dewantara Sub-district based on resistivity cross-sectional model
Authors: IDRIS SYAFRIZAL , MULIANI MULIANI , NOVITA NANDA
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the depth of the aquifer layer in the Muara Batu and Dewantara sub-district as a source of groundwater that can be used continuously. The identification of this aquifer layer is based on the results of the resistivity values of subsurface rocks measured using the electrical resistivity method of the Schlumberger array. Data acquisition was carried out on 3 lines (MB1, MB3, and MB4) with a length of 330 m each. The variations in the resistivity values of the rocks obtained were modeled in the form of a 2D cross-section using the Res2DInv software, thus providing an overview of the subsurface for groundwater exploitation. The cross-sectional model obtained shows that the shallow aquifer layer is at a depth of 20-52 m (2-12 Ωm) on the MB1 and a depth of 60 m on MB3 and MB4. The low resistivity value 12 Ωm on the MB1 indicates that the subsurface is generally composed of water-saturated rock layers.
Generalized structured component analysis (GSCA) method in evaluating service satisfaction at FMIPA Syiah Kuala University
Authors: RAMADHANI EVI , NURJARIATI NURJARIATI , NURHASANAH NURHASANAH , SALWA NANY , SIREGAR LATIFAH RAHAYU
Published: July 2023

This research focuses on the Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA) method in evaluating service satisfaction at FMIPA Syiah Kuala University (USK).  FMIPA USK is expected to have good service quality to satisfy stakeholders with the services provided.  FMIPA USK needs to know the factors that affect service satisfaction.  An internal survey of the integrity zone is one way to determine the quality and satisfaction of the services provided by FMIPA USK.  However, this survey uses indirect variables, so the structural equation model (SEM) can be used.  The SEM method used in this study is component-based SEM, namely Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA).  GSCA is used because questionnaires do not fulfill existing assumptions in general research, and the GSCA method does not require many assumptions.  This research aims to form a model, determine the relationship between indicators and latent variables, and know the relationship between latent variables and the factors significantly affecting student satisfaction with services at FMIPA USK.  The results of this study show that the indicators used are valid and reliable.  Reliability, assurance, empathy, and tangibles is a factor that affects service satisfaction.  Models formed in this study have a GFI value of 0.962 and SRMR of 0.365, so the model used is suitable.
Pengambilan Keputusan Lulusan Sekolah pada Masa Pandemi: Studi Kasus di Kampung Kejawanan
Authors: Prayoga Dandy , Pramono Didi
Published: July 2023

This article aims to examine how school graduates during the pandemic make informed decisions between continuing their studies or entering the workforce. The research was conducted in Kampung Kejawanan using qualitative research methods. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentary studies. The participants consisted of high school or equivalent graduates, parents, and administrative staff during the pandemic. The findings of this study indicate that the decisions of high school graduates in Kampung Kejawanan are influenced by their rationality and interests. The economic factor is the primary consideration when choosing between pursuing further education or working. The majority of students opt to work due to financial reasons and family needs, while some choose to continue their studies based on personal interest and awareness of the importance of education. In conclusion, the decisions of high school graduates in Kampung Kejawanan regarding continuing their studies or entering the workforce are influenced by their rationality and interests, with economic factors playing a significant role. Efforts are needed to address economic disparities and improve access to education to ensure equal opportunities for children to pursue their education.AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana lulusan sekolah di masa pandemi membuat keputusan yang baik antara melanjutkan studi atau bekerja. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kampung Kejawanan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Informan terdiri dari anak lulusan SMA/Sederajat di masa pandemi, orang tua, dan staf administrasi. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa keputusan anak lulusan SMA di Kampung Kejawanan dipengaruhi oleh rasionalitas dan minat mereka. Faktor ekonomi menjadi pertimbangan utama dalam memilih antara melanjutkan studi atau bekerja. Mayoritas anak-anak memilih untuk bekerja karena alasan keuangan dan kebutuhan keluarga. Sedangkan beberapa anak memilih untuk melanjutkan studi karena minat pribadi dan kesadaran akan pentingnya pendidikan. Kesimpulannya, keputusan anak lulusan SMA di Kampung Kejawanan dalam memilih antara melanjutkan studi atau bekerja dipengaruhi oleh rasionalitas dan minat mereka. Faktor ekonomi memainkan peran penting dalam keputusan tersebut. Diperlukan upaya untuk mengatasi ketimpangan ekonomi dan akses pendidikan guna memastikan anak-anak memiliki kesempatan yang setara dalam melanjutkan pendidikan.
Internalisasi Nilai Tarekat pada Santri Dayah: Studi di Dayah Darul Aman Aceh Besar dan Dayah Budi Mesja Lamno Jaya
Authors: Asmanidar Asmanidar , Fazal Khairil
Published: July 2023

This article aims to describe the internalization of tarekat values among students in Dayah Darul Aman Aceh Besar and Dayah Budi Mesja Lamno Aceh Jaya. The data sources for this study include the leaders and elements of both institutions, as well as the students who reside in them. Data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and literature review. The study reveals that students in Dayah Darul Aman Aceh Besar and Dayah Budi Mesja Lamno Aceh Jaya apply the teachings of Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah in their religious practices. They engage in activities such as baiat (initiation), khataman/khususiyah (recitation of the entire Quran), manaqiban (poetic eulogies), general religious gatherings, haul akbar (commemoration of spiritual leaders), uzlah (spiritual retreat), and rabithoh (spiritual connection) with both the mursyid (spiritual guide) of the tarekat and fellow followers. They also perform zikir jahr (loud remembrance of God) and zikir sirri (silent remembrance of God). These teachings play a significant role in their daily lives, helping to enhance their religious understanding and transform individual behavior, particularly in terms of religious social conduct. The changes in religious social behavior among the students of both institutions encompass several aspects. Firstly, they are inclined to help others. Secondly, there is an increase in fostering social ties. Thirdly, there is heightened awareness of promoting good deeds and preventing wrongdoing.AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan tentang internalisasi nilai tarekat pada santri  di Dayah Darul Aman Aceh Besar dan Dayah Budi Mesja Lamno Aceh Jaya. Sumber data kajian ini meliputi Pimpinan dan unsur-unsur kedua dayah tersebut, serta para santri yang mondok di kedua dayah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan kepustakaan.  Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa Santri Dayah Darul Aman Aceh Besar dan Dayah Budi Mesja Lamno Aceh Jaya menerapkan konsep ajaran Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah dalam praktik keagamaan mereka. Mereka melakukan baiat (ijazah), khataman/khususiyah, manaqiban, pengajian umum, haul akbar, uzlah, rabithoh (hubungan), baik dengan mursyid tarekat maupun sesama pengikut tarekat. Mereka juga melaksanakan zikir jahr maupun zikir sirri. Ajaran-ajaran ini menjadi bagian penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, membantu meningkatkan pemahaman keagamaan dan mengubah perilaku individu, terutama perilaku sosial keagamaan. Perubahan perilaku sosial keagamaan yang terjadi pada santri kedua dayah tersebut meliputi beberapa hal. Pertama, mereka cenderung suka menolong; kedua, terjadi peningkatan dalam menjalin silaturahmi; ketiga, kesadaran terhadap amar makruf nahi mungkar.
Pengaruh Kecanduan Media Sosial pada Remaja di Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Susilawati Novi , Fashan Firzi , Rahmani Sari
Published: July 2023

Emotional mental disorders in adolescents are still an unresolved problem in Indonesia. This study intends to determine the effect of social media addiction on mental and emotional disorders in adolescents. The theoretical basis used is the theory of media dependence with a quantitative survey method approach. The data was processed using the IBM SPSS 25 program using the F and T tests. The results of the F test showed that F count (92.79) F table (3.87), so that simultaneously, the variable X has a significant effect on mental and emotional disorders (Y). The results of the T test show that addiction to social media (X1) has a t count (9.63) t table (1.968), so it has a significant effect on emotional and mental disorders. The results of the R Square test show that the adjusted R Square value is 0.241 (24%), meaning social media addiction affects mental and emotional disorders by 24% while the remaining 76% is explained by other variables.AbstrakGangguan mental emosional pada remaja masih menjadi permasalahan yang belum terselesaikan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bermaksud mengetahui pengaruh kecanduan media sosial terhadap gangguan mental emosional pada remaja. Landasan teori yang digunakan yaitu teori ketergantungan media dengan pendekatan kuantitatif metode survei. Data diolah menggunakan program IBM SPSS 25 menggunakan Uji F dan uji T. Hasil Uji F menunjukkan bahwa F hitung (92,79)  F tabel (3,87), sehingga secara simultan variabel X memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap gangguan mental emosional (Y).  Hasil uji T menunjukkan bahwa kecanduan media sosial (X1) memiliki nilai t hitung (9,63) t tabel (1,968) sehingga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap gangguan mental emosional. Hasil uji R Square menunjukkan nilai adjusted R Square 0,241 (24%) berarti kecanduan media sosial mempengaruhi gangguan mental emosional sebesar 24% sedangkan sisa 76%  dijelaskan oleh variabel lain.
Culture and Economy Aspects of the Spheres of the Society
Authors: Balázs Éva
Published: July 2023

In the course of my research I conducted at the Doctoral School of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), I examined the role of feelings, emotions, attitudes, and motivations in respect of economic processes and decisions. Within this in connection with the cultural relationships of development, I looked for the answer to the following question. If the economic development level of countries (groups of countries) is different from each other, up to what extent we may consider the differences as having been determined by the cultural nature of the economy. Studying the literature and especially the work of János Kornai (1999,2022) highlighted that it is not sufficient to investigate only the area of culture for differentiating the environmental impacts, but it is also necessary to explore additional elements of the societal system (politics, economics, culture, ideology). Therefore, in our own research, we review the responses that are given by the theoretical approaches from the aspect of the spheres of the society.
Technical Efficiency of Small-Scale Pig Farming in Indonesia
Authors: Keraru Ester Nurani , Harianto Harianto , Yusalina Yusalina
Published: July 2023

Live pigs are still the mainstay of livestock sub-sector exports inIndonesia. Although pig farming in Indonesia has competitivenessin the international market, its productivity shows a decliningcondition. The purpose of this research is to measure the level oftechnical efficiency of small-scale pig breeding and fatteningbusinesses. The data used come from the results of the FarmHousehold Survey conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics(BPS). The survey was conducted in 20 provinces in Indonesia,with a sample size of 6,681 small-scale or household-scale pigfarming. The research used the Stochastic Production Frontier(SPF) model to measure the level of technical efficiency of pigfarming and used the maximum likelihood method to estimate it. The results showed that the level of technical efficiency of pigfarming is relatively low. The average technical efficiency level offattening pig farming is higher than that of the breeding. Thefactors of farming experience, market orientation, and feed typecombination have a positive influence in improving efficiency. Public policies that improve pig farmers' access to farm inputs andmarkets are expected to significantly improve the productivity ofsmall-scale pig farming.
Bronze Jugs from Ahmad's Workshop of 11th Century from Southeast Kazakhstan
Authors:   Institute of Archeology named after A.Kh. Margulan, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Dostyk Ave., 44, Shevchenko Str., 28, Almaty, 050010, Akymbek Eraly Sh. , Zheleznyakov Boris A. ,   Institute of Archeology named after A.Kh. Margulan, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Dostyk Ave., 44, Shevchenko Str., 28, Almaty, 050010
Published: July 2023

The authors publish the materials related to three unknown before toreutic products produced in the 11th century. Production technology, shapes and ornamentation of pitchers, as well as their labeling, were improved on the stage of production of elite jars from bronze. These jars were found on the hillforts of Taraz and Kysmyshi during archaeological research as well as accidental finding of jar on the Talgar hillfort. Their ornithomorphic forms, brought to the perfection of stylization, artistic formation, characterize pitchers. In the bibliographic review of the study of such pitchers, which has been updated few times by J. Ilyasov, no attention is paid to Kazakhstani materials. Now that gap is filling. Three published jugs were marked with engraved inscription: «Amali Ahmad» («Ahmad's work») and the master's stylish-florid medallion. The sites of all known finds or buyouts by collectors of such jugs are well known and localized along the stretch of the Great Silk Road between Eastern Iran and Western China: all Central Asian countries, as well as Northern Afghanistan and Xinjiang. The analysis of the materials of the micro-material of two pitchers can tell about the place of production of pitchers, given in the appendix.
Hammam from Khankurgan
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Margulan. Dostyk Ave., 44, Shevchenko Str. 28, 050010, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Baitanayev Bauyrzhan A. , Ergeshbaev Azamat A. ,   The South Kazakhstan University named after M.O. Auezov. Tauke Khan Avenue 5, 160012, Shymkent, Republic of Kazakhstan, Shayakhmetov Anatoliy Kh. ,   The Institute of Archeology named after A.Kh. Margulan. Dostyk Ave., 44, Shevchenko Str. 28, 050010, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: July 2023

The authors publish the results of architectural and archaeological research of the medieval bath house carried out on the territory of the settlement Khankurgan in 2015–2016. During the excavations, six rooms were unearthed, two of which were built of burned bricks and turned out to be “steam rooms” with an underfloor heating system, the remaining four were frame rooms – “washing rooms”. All rooms are covered with waterproof mortar and plaster. Their original layer was decorated with red-brown drawings, carved stucco and moldings. The plaster has been updated more than twenty times in the course of multiple repairs. Two major reconstructions of the bathhouse were recorded, which did not affect the "hot" rooms, due to which their original layout was preserved. The stages of restructuring and repair work for the entire period of operation of the hammam are determined. The Khankurgan bath house is well preserved and is a unique example of medieval architecture of the Samanid era, it belongs to rather early examples of such structures that arose at the middle of the 9th century. Functioning until the middle of the 11th century, it gives us a represent of the features of the architectural and construction techniques used in the building of the baths of the pre-Mongolian era in Kazakhstan. Hammam Khankurgan, being a vivid example of the medieval architecture, allows to determine the time of the emergence of this culture in the Ispidzhab historical and cultural region, clarifying its planning, constructive and shaping principles, reflecting in general the cultural and economic connection of the region with the Muslim world.
Stone Print from the Karakengir River
Authors:   Buketov Karaganda State University. Universitetskaya 28, Karaganda, 100028, Kazakhstan, Varfolomeev Victor V.
Published: July 2023

The meaning of the article is determined by the necessity to introduce into scientific discourse a rare monument of sigillography – a stone carved print. The print was found on the right bank of the Karakengir River, 15 km northeast of the city of Satpayev, Ulytau Region, Republic of Kazakhstan. Currently it is stored in the Karaganda Regional Museum of History and Local Lore. Rectangular symbols which remind of Phag-pa or Mongolian square writing are carved on the front side of this matrix. Consultations were held with orientalists and linguists from Russia and abroad for attribution, linguistic, textual analysis. As a result of these consultations, it turned out that this is not a Mongolian square letter and the inscription on the print is not readable. Probably, the print cutter did not know the Mongolian square writing and reproduced the text on the front panel from memory, making misrepresentation. It is assumed that this print could belong to one of the Kalmyk or Dzhungar high-ranking persons of the 17th–18th centuries. It could have been lost during the Last Great Nomadic Migration – the exodus of the Kalmyks from the Russian Empire to their historical homeland in Dzungaria in 1771. The author expresses hope for the prospect of publication which will make the print item available for further research of the mysterious inscription.
Fortification of the Moscow State in the 16th Century and the Wattle Structures in Central Europe
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities. Miusskaya sq., 6, Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation, Medved Aleksandr N.
Published: July 2023

The article deals with the use of wattle and daub structures in the Moscow state fortification of the 16th century. Presumably in the 16th century there were three possible sources of distribution of such designs in Europe – the Italian states, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Ottoman Empire. On the basis of the analysis of Hungarian archaeological research, Hungarian pictorial sources from the 2nd half of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century, we can conclude that wattle and daub structures were particularly popular in the Hungarian Kingdom. The Hungarian archaeological research results and Hungarian pictorial sources from the second half of the 16th and early 17th centuries show that wattle and daub structures were particularly popular in the Hungarian Kingdom. It is hypothesised that Italian technological methods, reflected in treatises on fortification, were transformed in Hungary and that a separate Hungarian technological tradition (Modus Hungaricus) of using wattle and daub in fortification was formed. We can assume a possible influence of Modus Hungaricus technology (and through it Italian technologies of erecting earthen fortresses) on the fortification of the Moscow state in the construction of fortresses in Moscow, Smolensk and some other cities.
Burial Rite of the Shchukinsky Burial Ground of the Lomovatovo Archaeological Culture
Authors:   Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University. Sibirskaya St., 24, Perm, 614000, Russian Federation, Moryakhina Kristina V.
Published: July 2023

The Shchukino burial ground is located 300 m west of the village of Shchukino, Afanasyevsky district, Kirov region, on a small cape 14 m high on the right bank of the river. Kama. The site was discovered and studied by V.A. Kananin in 1977. A total of 82 burials were studied. The Shchukino burial ground is of interest due to the variety of types of burial rites. At the site, the burials were made according to the rite of cremation and inhumation. There are grave pits without structural features and there are pits with niches, shoulders and ledges. Shoulders and ledges are recorded in burials of the 9th century. In some of them, fragments of wooden flooring have been preserved; probably, the buried person was laid on the floor and covered with earth from above. Based on the analysis of grave goods, the author of the article singled out 5 chronological groups. The presence on the monument of two burials of the 6th century was refuted. Early materials are represented only by belt buckles. The dating of the burial ground should be narrowed down and the time of its functioning of the 7th –9th centuries should be indicated. Late burials survived in the greatest number (the monument was destroyed by natural factors). The author of the article made an assumption that two different cultural traditions existed in the region at the same time based on the clarification of the dating of the monument and the allocation of chronological groups. The burial rite of the Shchukino burial ground is similar to the rite at Averiny II, Agafonova I and II. The burial rite of the Shchukino burial ground differs in a number of ways (the design of the pits, the method of burial, filling the layer of pits, etc.) from the synchronous burial grounds of the Upper Kama region – Pleso, Demenkovsky, Kaneva, Urya.
Iron Belt Set from the Burials of the Plotnikovo Burial Ground (Rodanovo Culture, Perm Region)
Authors:   Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. Lenina st., 13a, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, Bryukhova . Natalya G , Podosenova Yuliia A. ,   Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. Lenina st., 13a, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, Smertin Andrey R. ,   Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2023

The aim of the research is a comprehensive analysis of the objects of the iron belt set from the Plotnikovo burial ground. The burial ground is located near Kudymkar, Perm region and belongs to the 13th–15th centuries AD. Methods of studying the chemical composition of metals (XRF and SEM analysis) archaeometallographic and tracological, were used to conduct the analysis. The objects from burials № 3, 118, 180 were material for the study. These burials belonged to adult men. As a result, the authors found out that the elements of the belt set were made of raw steel with good forging quality. The rings and frames of the buckle were made of a rounded or square rod. Raw steel was a billet for the main parts of the linings. The conceived forms of the linings or their main parts were knocked out of the plates with a chisel. The tinning process was carried out after the manufacturing of the main parts of the products. Then there was an additional decoration of the products with the help of incrustation. The fastening of the linings to the leather base of the belt was carried out with the help of pins. These finds were the first and only iron products with tinning and incrustation that were found in the materials of medieval sites of the Perm Pre-Urals. Analogies to them can be found in the materials of Laishevo and Semenovka villages located in the basin of the Lower Kama River.
Investigating the Effectiveness of Classroom Management Techniques in EFL Classes in Preparatory Schools
Authors: Majeed Abbo Neamat
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study is to explore the classroom management techniques used in EFL classes by preparatory school teachers. To be more specific,  the study examines how effectively the teachers of EFL use classroom management techniques in their classes. The sample of the study consisted of 5 teachers from one preparatory school. The qualitative data analysis process has been used in this study to collect the data. In other words, the data were collected from five randomly selected participants by means of a 40-minute face-to-face interview of six open-ended questions. A qualitative method was used to analyze the obtained data as the researcher transcribed the responses so as to find out the common themes. The results of the study show that effective room management techniques, namely effective communication, the constant engagement of learners in activities, regular use of questions by teachers, use of behavior contracts, teachers acting as models of good behavior, and monitoring, are all used by the members of the sample. The study recommends that school administrators should regularly organize seminars that aim at training teachers on these classroom management techniques due to their important role in the teaching and learning process.