bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Volunteering among pre-clinical medical students: Study of its association with academic performance using institutional data
Authors: Alsuwaidi Laila , Powell Leigh , Alhashmi Deena , Hassan Khamis Amar , Zary Nabil
Published: March 2022

Background: Participating in volunteering activities during students’ higher education experience is becoming more commonplace. Studies have noted that volunteering has a positive impact on the academic performance of undergraduate medical students. However, the majority of these studies rely on self-reported data like surveys, interviews, and journals. In this study, we leverage actual institutional data to examine the relationship between volunteering and academic performance among medical students in the pre-clinical phases of the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) program. The current study also explores the factors that might influence the studied relationship.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in the College of Medicine at the Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Three years of volunteering records for three cohorts of undergraduate medical students enrolled in the MBBS program between 2016 – 2018 were reviewed and analyzed to complete this study. In addition, the correlation between the Annual Grade Point Average (AGPA) and volunteering was studied, and the regression coefficients for the two variables were observed across the three cohorts in each study year.

Results:  Analysis of 153 undergraduate medical students' volunteering records revealed a significant positive relationship between the AGPA and the number of volunteering in year two. The correlation was insignificant in year one, year three, and across the three cohorts.

Conclusions:  The association between academic performance and volunteering among undergraduate medical students appeared to be positive. However, this relationship differs across the pre-clinical study years in medical school and is likely influenced by factors that impact students’ motivation towards volunteering. Therefore, having the volunteerism program embedded in curriculum planning is an aspect to be explored to enhance medical students’ learning and professional development through volunteerism.
Dziwna rzeczywistość: Wprowadzenie do ontologii historii
Authors: Zamorski Krzysztof
Published: March 2022

Zasadniczym założeniem proponowanych czytelnikowi rozważań jest ukazanie bogactwa i wielości możliwych ujęć „bycia” historii, tak jak je postrzegam w świetle teorii historii u progu XXI wieku. Piszę ogólnie „teorii historii”, jakkolwiek czytelnik bez trudu zauważy, że w sposób szczególny koncentruję się na przemyśleniach kilku teoretyków historii, których idee przybrały współcześnie kształt całościowego oglądu zagadnienia i – o czym jestem przekonany – są inspirujące dla dalszych dróg myślenia o tej dziedzinie wiedzy ludzkiej. Mam tu na myśli w szczególności filozofię historii Franka R. Ankersmita, Haydena White’a czy Reinharta Kosellecka, ale też – w zakresie ontologii historii – Michaela Bentleya. Wiele zawdzięczam głębokiej wiedzy i refleksyjności Krzysztofa Pomiana. Nie bez znaczenia są też przemyślenia tych polskich teoretyków historii, którym kwestie związane z ontologią historii nie były lub nie są obce. Dotyczy to w szczególności poglądów Jerzego Topolskiego i teorii faktu historycznego Jana Pomorskiego.
Causing factors, outcomes, and governance of Shadow IT and business-managed IT: a systematic literature review
Authors: Klotz Stefan , Kopper Andreas , Westner Markus , Strahringer Susanne
Published: March 2022

Shadow IT and Business-managed IT describe the autonomous deployment/procurement or management of Information Technology (IT) instances, i.e., software, hardware, or IT services, by business entities. For Shadow IT, this happens covertly, i.e., without alignment with the IT organization; for Business-managed IT this happens overtly, i.e., in alignment with the IT organization or in a split responsibility model. We conduct a systematic literature review and structure the identified research themes in a framework of causing factors, outcomes, and governance. As causing factors, we identify enablers, motivators, and missing barriers. Outcomes can be benefits as well as risks/shortcomings of Shadow IT and Business-managed IT. Concerning governance, we distinguish two subcategories: general governance for Shadow IT and Business-managed IT and instance governance for overt Business-managed IT. Thus, a specific set of governance approaches exists for Business-managed IT that cannot be applied to Shadow IT due to its covert nature. Hence, we extend the existing conceptual understanding and allocate research themes to Shadow IT, Business-managed IT, or both concepts and particularly distinguish the governance of the two concepts. Besides, we find that governance themes have been the primary research focus since 2016, whereas older publications (until 2015) focused on causing factors.
Pharmaceutical and therapeutic interventions for anxiety in terminal illness
Authors: Williams Chloe , Dippenaar Enrico
Published: March 2022

Background:

Anxiety is a sensation where the human body reacts to a range of emotions in an adverse way, leading to symptoms of nervousness, anxiousness and excessive fear. Anxiety disorders arise in patients who are receiving end-of-life care for multiple reasons, including confronting mortality and having to accept a change in lifestyle. Therefore, a vital part of managing the symptoms of patients who are terminally ill is ensuring they receive the most appropriate intervention for these disorders, whether that be pharmaceutical or a non-pharmaceutical therapy.

Methods:

A rapid literature search was conducted between 20 February 2021 and 3 March 2021 through two main online databases (CINAHL Plus and PsycInfo). A total of 848 entries matched the search criteria and, after screening, seven papers were collated and used within this review.

Results:

All pharmacological interventions were shown to reduce anxiety-related symptoms in patients receiving end-of-life care. Most non-pharmaceutical therapeutic interventions showed some effects, including significant reductions in symptoms when evaluated against the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale or individual disclosure of improvements in quality of life.

Conclusions:

While none of the studies in this review directly compared pharmacological with non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions, both can improve end-of-life care for terminally ill patients. When treating patients diagnosed with a terminal illness who are receiving palliative care, their prognosis, time frame and personal wishes are key aspects to consider when deciding on the most appropriate management strategy for anxiety disorders.
Gender-based violence and its determinants during the COVID-19 lockdown in a low-income country: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Forry Jimmy Ben , Kirabira Joseph , Akimana Benedict , Nakawuki Madrine , Gumisiriza Nolbert , Ssebuufu Robinson , Ashaba Scholastic
Published: March 2022

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recent global pandemic associated with multidimensional health-related effects. In the fight against the spread of this novel pandemic, the majority have been living under restrictive conditions during its related lockdown that has created a conducive environment for gender-based violence (GBV). Our study aimed to ascertain the burden and determinants of GBV during the COVID-19 pandemic-related lockdown and curfew (CPLC) in Uganda.

Methods:

We conducted a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study in Bushenyi-Ishaka municipality, southwestern Uganda in May, 2020. This study involved 339 adult participants regardless of their gender or ethnicity. Only 12 potential respondents declined to participate in this survey.

Results:

The prevalence of GBV during the CPLC was 42 per cent. The majority (57%) of victims were women. More than half (54%) of the victims and survivors of GBV attributed the violence to the lockdown. The determinants of GBV included being married, using substances of abuse and having financial problems.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of GBV skyrocketed during the CPLC in Uganda when compared to the period prior to the pandemic. Women were significantly more affected in all aspects of GBV. Therefore, we recommend developing targeted behavioural change communication strategies based upon our findings.
Robust Risley prism control based on disturbance observer for system line-of-sight stabilization
Authors: Ma Rongqi , Wang Qiang , Li Jinying , Xia Yunxia , Yuan Liangzhu , Yuan Jiawei , Shi Jianliang , Liu Xiang , Tu Qiong , Tang Tao , Mao Yao , Huang Yongmei , Ren Ge
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a robust control based on disturbance observer is proposed to improve the tracking accuracy of the Risley prism system (RPS). Applying the flexible thin-wall ring mechanism in the RPS causes a series of tracking and pointing challenges. Disturbances such as friction, shaft deformation, and model perturbation significantly deteriorate the tracking and pointing accuracy of the RPS. Two different observer-based control methods are proposed to guarantee the tracking precision of the RPS. Moreover, the disturbance observation and compensation (DOC) performance of the proposed methods is analyzed and compared. Finally, simulation and experiment results indicate that the proposed control methods, especially the DOC-expanded state observer control mode, obtain the best performance for disturbance rejection in the RPS.
Nondestructive determination of SSC in an apple by using a portable near-infrared spectroscopy system
Authors: Zhang Yizhe , Huang Jipeng , Zhang Qiulei , Liu Jinwei , Meng Yanli , Yu Yan
Published: March 2022

The soluble solids content (SSC) is an important factor in the internal quality detection of apples. It is essential to have reliable and high-speed measurement of the SSC. However, almost all traditional equipment is inconvenient and expensive. We designed a handheld nondestructive SSC detector based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which is composed of a portable NIR spectrometer, cloud server, smartphone app, and prediction model of SSC. We preprocessed the spectrum with multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), standard normal variable transformation (SNV), and Savitzky–Golay (S–G) smoothing algorithms. Besides, the linear weight reduction of the particle swarm optimization algorithm is carried out, and we establish the model of an extreme learning machine optimized with the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO-ELM) algorithm. The

R

2

, root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), and residual prediction deviation (RPD) of the model are 0.993, 0.0155, and 11.6, respectively, which are better than the traditional model obviously. In addition, the number of wavelengths reduced from 228 to 70 as the model is simplified with the uninformative variable elimination (UVE) method. The time of training is reduced by 29.30% compared with the original spectrum. It can be verified that the IPSO-ELM model has good prediction performance, and the NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is a reliable nondestructive measurement of SSC in apples.
Temperature-controlled spectrophotometry: a simultaneous analysis of phase transition, thermal degradation and optical properties of semi-transparent composites from 20 °C to 450 °C
Authors: Retailleau Florent , Allheily Vadim , Jean Théo , Merlat Lionel , Henry Jean-François , Randrianalisoa Jaona Harifidy
Published: March 2022

So far, optical and effective radiative properties of polymer matrix based composites were investigated at temperatures well below their degradation temperature. At the same time, polymers exhibit temperature dependent physical properties and may undergo structural changes as their temperature raises. In this work, we employ the "Temperature-Controlled Spectrophotometry", a new method enabling to identify simultaneously phase transitions, thermal degradation and radiative properties of semi-transparent composites over a large temperature range. The method consists of measuring simultaneously the normal-normal and the normal-hemispherical transmittances and reflectances of the sample subjected to a laser irradiation with tuneable wavelength while the temperature is rised from room temperature up to 450 °C by means of a CO2 laser. Physical changes of the sample are identified from the temperature variation of normal-normal transmittance and specular reflectance measurements. Most of the results here are presented at a specific wavelength of 1070 nm but the proposed method is suitable over the semi-transparency spectral domain of the material by changing the wavelength of the probe laser. An inverse method for parameter identification based on normal-hemispherical measurements is employed to determine the transport effective radiative properties of the sample, namely the transport extinction coefficient and the transport scattering albedo from room temperature to 325 °C.
Novelty detection in early olfactory processing of the honey bee, Apis mellifera
Authors: Lei Hong , Haney Seth , Jernigan Christopher M. , Guo Xiaojiao , Cook Chelsea N. , Bazhenov Maxim , Smith Brian H.
Published: March 2022

Animals are constantly bombarded with stimuli, which presents a fundamental problem of sorting among pervasive uninformative stimuli and novel, possibly meaningful stimuli. We evaluated novelty detection behaviorally in honey bees as they position their antennae differentially in an air stream carrying familiar or novel odors. We then characterized neuronal responses to familiar and novel odors in the first synaptic integration center in the brain–the antennal lobes. We found that the neurons that exhibited stronger initial responses to the odor that was to be familiarized are the same units that later distinguish familiar and novel odors, independently of chemical identities. These units, including both tentative projection neurons and local neurons, showed a decreased response to the familiar odor but an increased response to the novel odor. Our results suggest that the antennal lobe may represent familiarity or novelty to an odor stimulus in addition to its chemical identity code. Therefore, the mechanisms for novelty detection may be present in early sensory processing, either as a result of local synaptic interaction or via feedback from higher brain centers.
Socio-demographic, maternal, and infant characteristics associated with early childhood development delays among children of young mothers in Brasília, Brazil
Authors: Kofke Lily , Pérez-Escamilla Rafael , Gubert Muriel Bauermann , Buccini Gabriela
Published: March 2022

Background

Holistic attention to adolescent health is needed to sustain the benefits of investment in early childhood development. Any such interventions must make sure to address the needs of adolescent and young adult parents. This study explored the social and demographic maternal variables associated with risk of early childhood development (ECD) delay for children of young mothers in Brazil.

Methods

Cross-sectional secondary data analysis was done using data from young mothers (aged 13–24) and their children (aged 0–2), collected from community health centers in Brasília, Brazil, between 2017–2018. The Denver Developmental Screening Test II was used to assess risk of ECD delay outcomes. Descriptive analyses were conducted across the full sample and sub-groups of adolescent (13–19) and young adult (20–24) mothers. Multivariable logistic regressions based on theory modelling approach were conducted for the full sample to examine the associations between maternal age and risk of ECD delay, adjusted for a battery of household, maternal, pregnancy, and infant variables.

Results

Risk of ECD delay was found in 17.39% (N = 76) of the children who participated (N = 437). No significant differences in risk of ECD delay were found for children of adolescent mothers compared to children of young adult mothers. Across the full sample, 60.36% (N = 236) of mothers were living in poverty, 73.17% (N = 319) had 9 or more years of education, and 86.14% (N = 373) were not working outside the home at time of data collection. Furthermore, 90.11% (N = 392) did not identify as head of their household and 73.68% (N = 322) were primiparous. Socially-mediated factors such as lower maternal educational attainment, unemployment, and lack of household support were associated with increased risk of ECD delays for children under age 2. Adjusted logistic regression identified multiparity as an independent maternal factor associated with increased risk of ECD delay (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI, 1.23–5.13).

Conclusions

Multiparity was the only independent maternal factor associated with ECD delay among children under 2 years old. Other socio-demographic factors relevant to young mothers may influence ECD delays. Ensuring sustained, concurrent attention to children’s and young parent’s developmental needs may improve multi-generational health outcomes.
What is the state of design today?
Authors: Muratovski Gjoko
Published: March 2022

In conversation with Carole Bilson
The Eleatic Stranger in Sophist dialogue
Authors: Alvarez Lucas
Published: March 2022

Within the framework of the discussion about the existence of a spokesman in the Platonic dialogues, we look, in the first part, into the possible transfer of this spokesman’s function from Socrates to the Eleatic Stranger, identifying the contact and divergence points between both characters. In the second part, we try to show that this transfer has a dramatic staging at the beginning of the Sophist dialogue, where Socrates makes a demand that enables the Stranger to demonstrate his genuine philosophical condition.
Compassionate Leadership for School Belonging
Authors: Riley Kathryn
Published: March 2022

In Compassionate Leadership for School Belonging, international scholar and practitioner Kathryn Riley shines the powerful lens of belonging on schools. Belonging is that sense of being somewhere you can be confident you will fit in and feel safe in your identity: a feeling of being at home in a place. When belonging is a school’s guiding principle more young people at all levels experience a sense of connectedness and friendship, perform better academically, and come to believe in themselves; their teachers feel more professionally fulfilled, their families more accepted. The originality of this highly readable book lies in its scope. It offers international analysis from the OECD, alongside insights from the author’s extensive research in schools, powerfully supported by observational vignettes and drawings from the children, young people and teachers who have been her co-researchers. This exploration is supported by methodologies, concepts and research tools for use by practitioners, researchers and school leaders. While contemporary patterns of dislocation, disaffection and exclusion are revealed,the spotlight is firmly on what needs to change and how: the purposeful actions in classrooms and schools; the approaches at system level; and the compassionate forms of leadership that can help create the conditions for school belonging. In an increasingly uncertain world, this is an urgent book of hope and possibilities.
Does TikTok Effective in Stimulating Language Development for Children Aged 5-6?
Authors: Karimah Lutfiana Silvi , Rollie C. Deporos Saprolla , Kustiawan Usep , Twinsari Maningtyas Damayani
Published: March 2022

Purpose – This study aims to find the effect of using the TikTok application on the language skills development of children aged 5-6 years, including speaking, reading, delivering expressions, and understanding stories in group B at TK Laboratory UM Blitar City.Design/methods/approach – The research method used is quasi-experimental with One-Group Pre-test Post-test Design. The data was obtained through observation. The number of samples is 14 children in class B-3.Findings – Based on the results of the t-test calculations using the Paired Samples Test, the tcount was 15,716 with a significance level of 5%, more significant than the ttable with a value of 2.16. While the significance value obtained is 0.000 <0.05, then H0 is rejected, and H1 is accepted. Thus, there is a significant average difference between the pre-test and post-test scores.Research implications/limitations – This study interpreted that there is a good influence in the use of the TikTok application on the development of language skills of children aged 5-6 years.Practical implications – The results show that using the TikTok application for children's learning media can be done by viewing the educational content consisted in the application.Originality/value – Researchers highlighted that social media could be an alternative learning tool that improves student development skills.

Paper type: Research paper
“Microenseñanza entre estudiantes universitarios: vinculación entre alumnos de primer y tercer año de pedagogía en inglés y reflexión de desempeño a través del video”
Authors: Valenzuela Giovanett Ezia
Published: March 2022

La presente investigación se enmarca en un paradigma cualitativo, con un método de investigación acción. Esta experiencia describe el uso de la filmación de clase como herramienta pedagógica para desarrollar autorreflexión de desempeño de los estudiantes de Pedagogía en inglés para enseñanza básica y media. El uso pedagógico del video ha permitido que los estudiantes logren identificar elementos esenciales de su desempeño profesional a lo largo de su formación docente, entregando evidencias significativas de reconocimiento de sus fortalezas y necesidades de mejora. Esta identificación y toma de conciencia de aspectos relevantes de su docencia ha permitido que los estudiantes sean capaces de producir cambios sustanciales en su quehacer pedagógico, promoviendo de este modo la construcción de su identidad profesional y desarrollando en ellos el hábito reflexivo en torno al impacto de su práctica pedagógica en el aprendizaje de sus alumnos. La investigación se sitúa en la carrera de pedagogía en inglés para enseñanza básica y media de la Universidad Mayor (Santiago, Chile). Algunos estudiantes de la asignatura Didáctica de la Especialidad. Media realizan una micro clase de inglés (10- 15 minutos) a sus compañeros de carrera (I o II año) en la asignatura de Lengua y Comunicación en inglés y, además, graban esta instancia pedagógica para luego realizar un exhaustivo análisis de su desempeño, y una autorreflexión por medio de una pauta de evaluación específica para este propósito.
CREATION AND PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS FROM NICKEL OXIDE NANOPOWDER
Authors: Lysenko V. I.
Published: March 2022

By means of the method of the spark plasma sintering (SPS) on the basis of nanodimensional powder of nickel oxide (with an average particle size of about 100 nm), the fine-grained (of 250 – 500 nanometers approximately), dense (5.93 g/cm3), strong ceramics with the high microhardness Hv = 8.2 GPa, ultimate compressive strength ?B = 0.4 GPa and Young?s modulus of elasticity E = 140 GPa is created. The obtained ceramic sample was nickel oxide NiO (73-1519) with cubic structure, space group Fm3m (No. 225) and lattice size a = 4.168 ?.
THE STRUCTURE FORMATION OF CuO/ZnO/?-Al2O3 CATALYST FOR THE METHANOL SYNTHESIS PROCESS DURING MECHANOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS
Authors: Smirnov D. V. , Prozorov D. A. , Rumyantsev R. N. , Afineevsky A. V. , Nikitin K. A. , Meledin A. Y. , Kurnikova A. A.
Published: March 2022

The article discusses the mechanochemical synthesis of a catalyst for the synthesis of methanol. Comparative mechanical activation of both individual components of the catalyst (copper oxide, zinc oxide, and aluminum oxide) and their various mixtures under different conditions has been carried out. The article discusses the structural characteristics of the catalyst for the synthesis of methanol, obtained using X-ray phase analysis, scanning microscopy and low-temperature adsorption of nitrogen.
Avances nomenclaturales para la Flora de Argentina y Bolivia: una nueva combinación para Gentianella (Gentianaceae) y designación de un lectotipo
Authors: Zanotti Christian A. , Panizza Adela M.
Published: March 2022

In the framework of the permanent update of the relational database “Documenta Florae Australis”, a new combination under Gentianella gynophora is made and the lectotypification for this taxon is included.
Kreatywność językowa dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym
Authors: Szurek Mateusz
Published: March 2022

Linguistic creativity is a form of children’s activity that involves the creation of new words not found in adult language. The period of specific speech is the moment of the most intensive development of vocabulary – this is the time of the final formation of the language system. The linguistic creativity and cognitive activity of preschool children has a significant impact on the increase in the number of new forms created by them, which are neologisms. In this article the author discusses the ways of creating neologisms and neosemantisms by children aged 3–6 years.
Pensar a través de la ciudad: La trabajadora de Elvira Navarro y Lectura fácil de Cristina Morales
Authors: Potok Magda
Published: March 2022

In so-called “crisis novels” that appeared in Spain following the economic collapse of 2008, the city comes to represent not only the scene of the explicit dramatic situations of the characters (poverty, precarity, unemployment, evictions, homelessness, occupy movement, street protests, or gaps in social services) but also the imagery of decay and conflict. The city comes across as an uncomfortable space, characterised by inhospitable peripheries and abandoned constructions, which is consonant with the sense of helplessness and extreme loneliness of the protagonists. However, in contrast to the paralysis and the nervous breakdown evident in La trabajadora (2014) by Elvira Navarro (alienating perspective), Cristina Morales’s Lectura fácil (2018) represents the urban space as a battlefield that leads to the awareness-raising and the politicization of the experience of a crisis (revolutionary perspective). Both novels, focused on “the right to housing”, come to reveal a great deal of indignation and protest against the neo-liberal policies and the contemporary capitalist city, responsible for exclusion and inequality. Their demands coincide with the political proposal of “the right to the city” (Lefebvre, 1968; Harvey 2013), which raises the possibility of living a worthy life in the city, with an equitable distribution of resources and respect for different sensitivities.
Determinación teórica de la función del complejo canal de K+ dependiente de Ca+ de alta conductancia / receptor inositol trifosfato (BK/IP3-R) en dos condiciones de actividad epiléptica
Authors: Pérez Bonilla María Eugenia , Reyes Monreal Marleni , Quintero Pérez Jessica , Pérez Escalera Miguel Felipe , Reyes Lazalde Arturo
Published: March 2022

Actualmente, se estudian los procesos epileptogénicos a dos niveles: redes neuronales y propiedades intrínsecas de la neurona. Sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre los mecanismos celulares que determinan el cese de la actividad epiléptica en neuronas. En este trabajo se propone a la función del complejo BK/IP3-R como parte de uno de estos mecanismos. Para probarlo, se realizó un estudio teórico. Se desarrollaron dos simuladores de epileptogénesis en una neurona silente: (1) por mutación del canal de sodio dependiente de voltaje (NaV 1.2) y (2) por incremento de K+ externo. En estas condiciones el complejo BK/IP3-R bloqueó la actividad epiléptica en la neurona con NaV 1.2 mutado y bloqueó o provocó una pausa del estado epiléptico en la neurona con alto K+ externo. Estos resultados confirman un posible mecanismo de protección del complejo BK/IP3-R en condiciones anómalas como epilepsia. Su eficacia podría variar significativamente según el tipo de epilepsia.
O historijskom slikarstvu i liku kralja Tomislava tiskanom na razglednicama tijekom obilježavanja tisućite obljetnice Hrvatskoga Kraljevstva 1925. godine
Authors: Kokeza Ivan
Published: March 2022

Unutar članka obrađuje se historijsko slikarstvo, odnosno lik kralja Tomislava tiskan na razglednicama tijekom obilježavanja tisućite obljetnice Hrvatskoga Kraljevstva 1925. godine. Lik kralja Tomislava u izvornom je obliku bio dio plakata ili slike, a svoje je mjesto reproduciranjem pronašao na ukupno šest razglednica tijekom 1925. godine. Svaki od ovih šest motiva analizira se u kontekstu specifičnog slikarskog opusa, općeg likovnog stanja u međuratnom razdoblju te aktualnih društveno-političkih prilika. Razglednice se pritom uzimaju isključivo kao sredstvo masovne komunikacije kojim se posreduje historijsko slikarstvo, odnosno lik kralja Tomislava i doba uspona Hrvatskoga Kraljevstva. Unutar zaključka vrednuje se uloga historijskog slikarstva kao komunikatora informacija u obilježavanju tisućite obljetnice Hrvatskoga Kraljevstva 1925. godine. Pritom se osobito upućuje na ulogu grafičkih reprodukcija i njihovu važnost pri formiranju kolektivne povijesne memorije i nacionalnog identiteta širih društvenih slojeva.
Las dimensiones de la acción
Authors: Bravo Luis Fernando
Published: March 2022

Las dimensiones de la acción son una manera de concretar la centralidad de la persona en el Proyecto Educativo Institucional de la USTA. Esta definición requiere de una reflexión que permita darle cuerpo a la propuesta, de tal manera que, actualizando la discusión, pueda dar contenido y proyección al modelo de universidad que quiere impulsar la Universidad Santo Tomás.
Configuración de microrastros de uso en artefactos experimentales de lutita, basalto, toba y arenisca del yacimiento de Punta del Monte 1 (Aysén, Chile)
Authors: Sade Martínez Kémel , De Angelis Hernán , Castañeda Carrasco Fernando
Published: March 2022

El yacimiento arqueológico "Punta del Monte 1 (PDM1)", se emplaza en la frontera entre el bosque y la estepa centro-Patagónica de Aysén (Chile). Una industria en guijarros astillados en basalto y la extracción sistemática de láminas, en lutita y toba, dieron origen a grandes raspadores, cepillos y tajadores, altamente sugerentes del trabajo especializado del bosque entre los cazadores recolectores del Holoceno Medio ~7-5 Ma. AP.

El análisis funcional puede ser revelador al respecto, hecho que motivó un trabajo de experimentación sobre estas materias primas, caracterizando y comparando los microrastros de uso producto del trabajo sobre diversos materiales como: madera, cuero y hueso. Se presentan así, las características tecnomorfológicas derivadas del análisis artefactual del sitio y su relación a los resultados de la experimentación y observación de microrastros.

La formación de huellas de uso es más rápida en lutita y basalto, lo que sugiere profundizar en estudios sobre estas materias primas frecuentemente no consideradas “buenas para la talla” que, sin embargo, abundan entre los contextos del bosque.
Donde hubo fuego… réplica y ensayos experimentales con un horno cerámico del sitio La Cuestecilla, La Rioja
Authors: Wachsman Néstor
Published: March 2022

El presente trabajo busca verificar la hipótesis del funcionamiento como horno cerámico para una de las estructuras excavadas en el sitio arqueológico La Cuestecilla (La Rioja), a partir de la construcción de réplicas y la experimentación. Mediante el análisis de un conjunto de rasgos de la estructura, y bajo la premisa de que los principios físicos que hacen a la transferencia del calor operan de manera similar en la actualidad y en el pasado, se ha realizado un plan de trabajo de larga duración que evaluara su capacidad para cocinar cerámica. Se presentan aquí diferentes variantes posibles de la estructura seleccionada, buscando agotar, a su vez, cada posibilidad de funcionamiento con otras variables secundarias.
Relationship between Sugar-sweetened Beverages Consumption and Sleep Duration and Quality in Korean Adolescents: Based on Korea Youth’s Risk Behavior Survey
Authors: Oh Jiwon , Chung Jayong
Published: March 2022

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the consumption frequency of sugar-sweetened beverages including soda and sweet drinks and sleep duration and quality among Korean adolescents.Methods: Data on 137,101 boys and 130,806 girls of students in middle and high school were obtained from the 2014-2017 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, a national-wide cross-sectional school-based survey. Respondents self-reported soda and sweet drinks consumption, sleep hours, and sleep quality. The associations between these variables were analyzed by complex sampling multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: 76.4% and 84.7% of respondents consumed soda and sweet drinks at least one time per week. Sleep deprivation (<8 hours/day) was associated with higher soda and sweet drinks consumption (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 95% confidence interval [CI]) for 5 times a week for soda 1.44 (1.33-1.59) in boys and 1.25 (1.12-1.40) in girls: and sweet drinks 1.54 (1.43-1.66) in boys and 1.41 (1.28-1.55) in girls. Similarly, unsatisfactory sleep quality was also associated with higher soda and sweet drinks consumption (aOR, 95% CI) for 5 times a week for soda 1.19 (1.13-1.26) in boys and 1.27 (1.19-1.35) in girls: and sweet drinks 1.36 (1.29-1.44) in boys and 1.34 (1.28-1.41) in girls.Conclusions: Both sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality was associated with higher consumption of soda and sweet drinks among Korean adolescents.
Legal Personhood for Artificial Intelligence: Pro, Contra, Abstain?
Authors: Militsyna Kateryna
Published: March 2022

This article is about the legal personhood of artificial intelligence as one of the existing options of regulating AI and coping with the challenges arising out of its functioning. It begins with the search for the definition of AI and goes on to consider the arguments against the legal personhood of AI, the options of such a legal personhood, and the factors taken into account in devising the legal personhood of AI. The article ends with our vision of the legal personhood of AI.
Перетворення Гільберта багатокомпонентних періодично нестаціонарних випадкових сигналів
Authors: Яворський І.М. , Юзефович Р.М. , Личак О.В.
Published: March 2022

Проаналізовано властивості перетворення Гільберта періодично нестаціонарного випадкового сигналу, який представляється суперпозицією стохастично модульованих за амплітудою та фазою гармонік з кратними частотами. Отримано співвідношення, що визначають кореляційну та спектральну структуру квадратур кожної з компонентів, які виділяються за допомогою смугової фільтрації та перетворення Гіль берта. Показано, що умовою періодичної нестаціонарності аналітичного сигналу є корельованість квадратур різних компонентів.
A numerical technique to solve a problem of the fluid motion in a straight plane rigid duct with two axisymmetric rectangular constrictions
Authors: Borysyuk A.O.
Published: March 2022

A second-order numerical technique is developed to study the steady laminar fluid motion in a straight two-dimensional hard-walled duct with two axisymmetric rectangular constrictions. In this technique, the governing relations are solved via deriving their integral analogs, performing a discretization of these analogs, simplifying the obtained (after making the discretization) coupled nonlinear algebraic equations, and the final solution of the resulting (after making the simplification) uncoupled linear ones. The discretization consists of the spatial and temporal parts. The first of them is performed with the use of the TVD-scheme and a two-point scheme of discretization of the spatial derivatives, whereas the second one is made on the basis of the implicit three-point asymmetric backward differencing scheme. The above-noted uncoupled linear algebraic equations are solved by an appropriate iterative method, which uses the deferred correction implementation technique and the technique of conjugate gradients, as well as the solvers ICCG and Bi-CGSTAB.
Результати рекогносцирувального обстеження великих зон водневої дегазації в різних регіонах земної кулі
Authors: Якимчук М.А. , Корчагін І.М.
Published: March 2022

Наведено результати рекогносцирувальних досліджень на великих площах водневої дегазації в Якутії, Баварії, в районі Бермудського трикутника і на локальних ділянках в Україні. Із застосуванням прямопошукової технології частотно-резонансної обробки та інтерпретації супутникових знімків і фотознімків досліджено особливості глибинної будови на ділянках водневої дегазації. Інструментальними вимірами підтверджено наявність великих площ водневої дегазації в Якутії. На шести площах обстеження виявлено базальтові вулканічні комплекси великих розмірів. Діаметр однієї з виявлених структур перевищує 100 км. На п’яти площах підтверджені факти міграції водню в атмосферу. Зверху базальтові породи перекриті вапняками, доломітами і мергелями, в яких можуть бути виявлені скупчення водню. Додаткові інстру ментальні вимірювання показали, що кременисті породи можуть бути досить ефективною покришкою для накопичення водню в розташованих під ними породах-колекторах. Відгуки від базальтів, водню і живої води зареєстровані також на декількох площах і ділянках обстеження у ФРН. Підтверджено наявність великих зон водневої дегазації в Баварії. На одній з обстежених ділянок у Баварії зареєстровані відгуки від нафти, конденсату, газу, бурштину, вуглекислого газу, бактерій, фосфору (жовтого), горючого сланцю, газогідратів, антрациту і осадових порід 1—6-ї груп, а також встановлено факт міграції газу (метану) в атмосферу. В її межах доцільно провести детальні пошукові роботи на нафту і газ. У районі розташування Бермудського трикутни- ка, а також Бермудських островів зареєстровані відгуки від фосфору (червоного і жовтого), водню, живої та мертвої води і базальтів. Верхня кромка базальтів у районі Бермудського трикутника зафіксована на глибині 74 м, а корінь базальтового вулкана визначено на глибині 723 км. На поверхнях 74 м і 0 м з верхньої частини розрізу отримані відгуки від водню, що свідчить про його міграцію у воду і в атмосферу. Результати обстеження в районі Борисполя і в Волинській області вкотре підтвер джують наявність базальтових вулканів з воднем та живою водою на площах і ділянках в різних регіонах України. Також встановлено факт міграції водню в атмосферу. Наведені результати досліджень, а також опубліковані раніше матеріали експериментальних робіт у різних регіонах свідчать про доцільність застосування прямопошукових методів частотно-резонансної обробки супутникових знімків і фотознімків для виявлення зон скупчення водню в районах розташування базальтових вулканів та на ділянках водневої де газації. Застосування мобільної і малозатратної технології дасть можливість істотно прискорити гео логорозвідувальний процес на водень, а також знизити фінансові витрати на його проведення.
Комп’ютерне моделювання комплексу гліциризину з протеазою SARS-CoV-2 — мішенню для розробки противірусних препаратів
Authors: Савицький О.В. , Корнелюк О.І.
Published: March 2022

Основна протеїназа вірусу SARS-CoV-2 (3CLpro) контролює активність реплікаційного комплексу вірусу і завдяки цьому є можливою мішенню для розробки специфічних інгібіторів. Під час розробки лікарських препаратів проти SARS-CoV-2 велика увага приділяється відомим раніше ефективним хімічним сполукам. Однією з таких сполук може бути гліциризин — тритерпеноїдний сапонін, виділений із коріння солодки (Glycyrrhizae radix). У роботі наведено результати комп’ютерного моделювання комплексу гліциризину з протеазою вірусу SARS-CoV-2, проведеного з метою вивчення механізму зв’язування гліциризину в активному центрі протеази та можливого інгібування каталітичної активності ключового ферменту. Виконано молекулярний докінг гліциризину зі структурою 3CLpro SARS-CoV-2 з відкритою каталітичною петлею, отриманою з траєкторії молекулярної динаміки на 694 нс часу симуляції. Встановлено, що енергія зв’язування для кращого структурного комплексу гліциризину з 3CLpro SARS-CoV-2 становить —10, 723 ккал/моль, причому гліциризин формує дев’ять водневих зв’язків з амінокислотними залишками протеази Thr26, Asn119, Asn142, Glu166, Arg188 та Gln189.
Analysis of road traffic accidents involving standing electric scooters reported in newspapers in Italy
Authors: Scquizzato Tommaso , Gamberini Lorenzo , Stella Federica , Paoli Andrea , Gazzato Arianna , Forti Alessandro , Semeraro Federico
Published: March 2022

Objective As the use of electric scooters increased in Italy in the last years, we aimed to estimate the burden of accidents caused by this micro-mobility vehicle and identify characteristics, severity, and type of injuries.Methods We conducted a case series analysis of news reports about electric scooter crashes occurring in Italy from January 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020. Events were included when a road traffic accident involved an electric scooter and caused damages or injuries to the driver or others.Results We identified 96 road accidents involving electric scooters in Italy. The mean age of patients was 30 ± 16 years, and 79% (n = 71/90) were male. Of the 96 patients, only two (2%) were driving an electric scooter with a helmet, and three (3%) were driving while intoxicated. In 68% (n = 62/94) of cases, the incident was caused by a collision with another vehicle or a pedestrian, and 30% (n = 18/96) were transported with life-threatening injuries to the emergency department. In 15% (n = 14/96), the emergency medical service physician was dispatched to the scene. Head trauma was the most common injury (60%, n = 32/53). Patients who had life-threatening conditions were more likely to have head trauma than those who did not (82% [n = 9/11] vs. 55% [n = 23/42], P = 0.10). Polytrauma was significantly more common in patients with life-threatening conditions than in patients with no life-threatening conditions (36% [n = 4/11] vs. 5% [n = 2/42], P < 0.01). Fifteen percent of patients (n = 12/81) were admitted to the intensive care unit; only one death was reported.Conclusion Road traffic accidents involving electric scooters often result in serious injuries, including head trauma and polytrauma, necessitating the involvement of an emergency medical service physician and intensive care unit admission in a non-negligible percentage of instances.
Niveles de madurez de la capacidad en tecnologías de información en micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas
Authors: Díaz-Pinzón Beatriz Helena , Rodríguez V. María Teresa , Espinosa Moreno Juan Carlos
Published: March 2022

Múltiples modelos de madurez en tecnologías de información (ti) son presentados en la literatura. Algunos han sido validados en pymes y pocos operacionalizan el método para clasificar las organizaciones en niveles de madurez. La mayoría de estos hacen una clasificación general de las organizaciones en un único nivel de madurez. Sin embargo, una organización podría estar en múltiples niveles de madurez a la vez para diferentes criterios de clasificación. Utilizando la capacidad en ti para analizar la madurez tecnológica desde diferentes dimensiones, se aplica un algoritmo de agrupación jerárquico (hcpc) para agrupar 2.470 empresas estudiadas. A partir de esta agrupación, se identificaron cuatro niveles de madurez para cada una de las dimensiones de la capacidad en ti: nivel 1 o de incorporación, nivel 2 o de aprendizaje, nivel 3 o de planeación y control, y nivel 4 o de alineación. Finalmente, se propone un método para clasificar las organizaciones en estos cuatro niveles de madurez para cada una de las dimensiones de la capacidad en ti.
Influência da motivação intrínseca e da cultura organizacional no comprometimento afetivo em empresas familiares: controles formais e informais como mediadores
Authors: Simão Kaveski Itzhak David , Beuren Ilse Maria
Published: March 2022

Pesquisas têm se concentrado em compreender os antecedentes do comprometimento afetivo dos funcionários. Um fluxo crescente da literatura destaca o papel importante das questões individuais e organizacionais como influenciadores do comprometimento afetivo. Além disso, estudos apontaram que os controles formais e informais apresentam efeito mediador nas relações entre questões individuais e organizacionais com o comprometimento afetivo. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetiva analisar a influência da motivação intrínseca e da cultura organizacional no comprometimento afetivo, mediada pelo uso de controles formais e informais em empresas familiares. Uma survey foi realizada em 10 empresas familiares de médio porte e 116 funcionários responderam ao questionário. Para testar as hipóteses, utilizou-se a modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados revelaram que a relação da motivação intrínseca dos funcionários com o comprometimento afetivo é explicada de melhor forma pela inclusão de variáveis intervenientes no modelo, como o uso de controles informais, cujos efeitos indiretos nas relações foram positivos e significativos e contribuíram para um maior poder dos coeficientes estruturais e significâncias no efeito total. Ademais, só foi observada relação significativa para a cultura organizacional com a inclusão de uso dos controles informais pelos superiores. O estudo contribui para a literatura ao apresentar indícios de que a motivação intrínseca e a cultura organizacional podem figurar como antecedentes do uso de controles formais e informais pelos superiores. Contribui para a prática gerencial das empresas familiares ao destacar o papel do uso dos controles informais no comprometimento afetivo dos funcionários. Conclui-se que a motivação intrínseca e a cultura organizacional, a partir do uso de controles informais, influenciam positivamente o comprometimento afetivo.
Biomasa y bromatología del pasto Estrella Africana (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst) con cinco períodos de rebrote
Authors: Ferrufino-Suárez Adriel Jacoc , Mora-Valverde David , Villalobos-Villalobos Luis Alonso
Published: March 2022

Introducción. Establecer el punto óptimo de cosecha del pasto Estrella Africana (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst) es fundamental para obtener biomasa de alta calidad nutricional y máxima productividad. Objetivo. Evaluar la producción de nutrientes del pasto Estrella Africana con cinco períodos de rebrote integrando datos de biomasa y nutricionales para establecer ventanas de cosecha en sistemas de corte y acarreo. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó de agosto a diciembre de 2018 en la Estación Experimental de Ganado Lechero Alfredo Volio Mata (EEAVM), Ochomogo, Cartago. Se evaluó el efecto de cinco edades de rebrote (tratamientos = 7, 14, 21, 28, y 35 días) sobre la producción de biomasa verde y seca, calidad nutricional y producción de nutrientes efectivos por hectárea de pasto Estrella Africana. Se obtuvó la producción de biomasa total de cada parcela y la calidad nutricional mediante los contenidos de materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC), fibra detergente neutra (FDN) y digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS). El análisis de la producción total de nutrientes efectivos por hectárea se realizó al integrar los componentes nutricionales y la producción de biomasa. Resultados. La biomasa fresca y seca aumentaron conforme aumentó la edad de rebrote. La biomasa fresca mostró diferencias superiores a 4000,00 kg MF ha-1 por ciclo entre el tratamiento mayor y menor. El rendimiento de materia seca a 35 días de rebrote fue diez veces mayor respecto a los siete días. El contenido de proteína cruda fue mayor en los tratamientos menores. No se encontró diferencias significativas en los contenidos de materia seca, fibra y digestibilidad entre tratamientos. Conclusión. El mayor aporte de nutrientes efectivos del pasto Estrella Africana cosechado a 35 días de rebrote evidenció la importancia de integrar la biomasa y la calidad nutricional para el manejo de pastos bajo sistemas de corte y acarreo.