bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated crop-livestock management system in rainfed lowland
Authors: Susilawati H L , Yulianingrum H , Pramono A
Published: January 2021

Rainfed lowland rice is the second largest rice growing areas in Indonesia. One of the most vulnerable agro-ecosystems to the climate change is the rainfed lowland because of the erratic, unpredictable rainfall and most of them have very limited access on water resources. The aim of this study was to investigate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, production, soil fertility and economic efficiency of integrated crop-livestock management system (ICLS) and farmer practice (FP). The study was conducted at the farmer’s field in Jaken, Pati, Central Java, Indonesia during wet season. The result showed that ICLS in rainfed lowland areas could (1) reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from paddy rice by implementing integrated crop (paddy rice) management technique (ICM), (2) avoided CH4 release from manure of livestock using anaerobic digester to the atmosphere and used the CH4 production for energy purpose, (3) improved the soil fertility by giving additional composted farmyard manure to the soil, and (4) enhanced the economic benefit for farmers. ICLS approach is one of the options where adaptation and mitigation technology could be conducted in a synergistic way.
Climate anomaly and palm oil price volatility in Indonesia
Authors: Khoiruddin M L , Utami A W , Irham I
Published: January 2021

ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) climate anomaly has become more frequent and stronger because of global warming and climate change. ENSO arguably plays a critical role in tropical countries such as Indonesia, primarily due to its intrinsic linkage with agricultural production and prices. This study examines one such relationship between ENSO and the price volatility of Crude Palm Oil (CPO), one of the most produced and consumed vegetable oils in the world. By applying time-series data from 2006 to 2018 and Ocean Nino Index (ONI) which serves as a proxy for the ENSO variable, this research used Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) methods to find out the CPO price volatility and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to investigate the impact of ENSO on the CPO price volatility. The results showed that the price volatility of CPO in Indonesia is low and will be persistent in the long term. ENSO affects the volatility of CPO prices in the long run, but there is no effect in the short run. The result is important for the stakeholders and government in preventing the risk and uncertainty condition of CPO price fluctuation caused by the climate anomaly.
Understanding the palm oil smallholders characteristics and their compliance towards the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO): A case study in North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Aisyah D D , Irham  , Mulyo J H
Published: January 2021

Palm oil smallholder who managed more than 40% of palm oil area in Indonesia are expected to comply with the mandatory regulation of sustainable palm oil (ISPO). However, basically there are two types of smallholder whose condition need to be considered to develop the most suitable certification scheme. This paper aimed to (1) see the difference in socio-economic characteristics between independent and managed smallholders, (2) identify the behavioral factors of independent and managed smallholder as well as (3) analyze the compliance of smallholder towards ISPO indicators. The data of smallholders of Padang Lawas Regency, North Sumatera were collected in terms of socio-economic characteristics, behavioral factors, and compliance towards ISPO. The results of the study showed that socio-economic characteristics of independent and managed smallholder are significantly different in term of ages, education, family member, experiences, farm sizes, and on farm income. Besides, there is a wide gap between the behavioral factors of managed and independent smallholder towards ISPO indicators. It is implied by the attitude, social norm, ability to perform, and intention to comply with the sustainable scheme. However, in average, smallholders considered to have bad compliance towards the indicators of ISPO.
The application of amendments for growth and nutrient absorption of medicinal plant Petiveria aleaceae on entisol soils type
Authors: Sulandjari  , Sakya AT , Syamsiah J , Viviana
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 encouraged the efforts to find its prevention and treatment. Indonesia possesses myriads of plant diversity, many of which have anti-microbial effects. Singawalang plant (Petiveria aleaceae) has been used as an alternative treatment for tuberculosis, malaria, and other diseases in Indonesia and other countries. Active ingredients of Singalawang are flavonoids and various types of amino acids found in the leaves and roots. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of dolomite, zeolite, and NPK fertilizers in increasing nutrient absorption and Singawalang growth in entisol soils. P. alleaceae were planted in polybags using entisol soils medium by using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Zeolite, dolomite (2.5 tons/ha), and NPK Fertilizer (15:15:15) at a dose of 0; 1.5; 3; 4.5 g/plant were applied. The results showed that the amendment application had a significant effect on the number of leaves but did not significantly affect other growth parameters and nutrient absorption of NPK. In general, zeolites can increase the growth and absorption of nutrients higher than dolomite.
Development of organic agro tourism for optimizing agricultural resources in Ngawi, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Pujiasmanto B , Aliyah I , Miladan N , Margana
Published: January 2021

Ngawi Regency, part of East Java province in Indonesia, has started to initiate the development of organic tourism based on the organic agriculture potential. This study aimed to explore agricultural resources and land suitability that can be developed as community-based organic tourism attractions and identification of supporting factors and inhibiting factors the development of community-based organic tourism attractions. There were several stages in this study consisting of study field observations, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussion to collect information. In this study data were analyzed by spatial analysis techniques to explore the agricultural resources and land suitability. As the result, we found the needs and roles of community in developing agro-tourism areas. The development of agrotourism areas requires community participation in various sectors. Economic point of view plays an important role in management of agro-tourism areas, as without economic benefits there is no motivation to contribute to community and businesses of agro-tourism. Since the agro-tourism has effects to environment, both natural and cultural, therefore taking advantage of agricultural resources need to be carefully considered in developing a community-based organic tourism attractions. In addition, the environmental elements must be preserved for sustainable benefit and function.
Difference in planting time lag after rice harvesting on growth and yield of no tillage soybean (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Ariyanto B T , Supriyono  , Nyoto S , Harsono P
Published: January 2021

Increasing soybean yields needs to be done with innovation in cultivation techniques, one of which is by applying the right planting time. This study aims to obtain planting time that can increase the growth and yield of soybeans in a system without tillage. The study was conducted from June to September 2019 on the former rice field land. This research was conducted using a Randomized Completed Block Design 1 factor with 5 treatments (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days after rice harvest) and repeated 5 times. Data from observations were analyzed using analysis of variance based on the 5% F test followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test of 5% and a correlation test was performed to determine the relationship between soybean planting time difference and the yield. The results showed that the difference 2 days after harvest was able to increase the growth variables, namely plant height, leaf area, number of branches and increase the yield variable, namely the number of pods, seed weight per plant, seed weight per plot. Besides increasing soybean yield to 1.41 tons / ha compared to a longer gap.
Employing logistic model to predict the egg production of quails receiving digestibility enhancer supplementation
Authors: Ratriyanto A , Prastowo S , Widyas N , Huda C , Masykur A , Pradista L A
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to predict the egg production of quails supplemented with a combination of betaine and silica+. Three hundred and fifty laying quails were divided into two dietary treatments and seven replicates of 25 quails. The treatments consisted of control (T0), and supplementation with digestibility enhancer mixture consisted of 0.12% betaine and 200 ppm silica+ (T1). Egg production data were collected for three periods of 28 days, and they were subjected to T-test. The data were plotted to obtain the egg production curve. A logistic regression model was employed to identify the trend of the egg production pattern. The T1 groups produced more eggs than T0 groups (P<0.05), which attributed to the higher egg production during period II and III (P<0.01). The egg production curves indicated that production rose sharply soon after the beginning of lay. The T1 groups had a higher peak production than T0 (76.43% vs 69.20%). Furthermore, production rate was 0.17 and 0.18 and prediction accuracy was 97% and 98% for T0 and T1, respectively. Thus, the logistic model proved to be employed to analyse the biological impact of egg production in quails with a high prediction accuracy.
Analysis of income distribution as prevention of environmental damage in agribusiness management of cassava in Bengawan Solo watershed, Wonogiri regency
Authors: Rahayu E S , Setyowati  , Rahmadwiati R
Published: January 2021

This research was conducted with the aim of 1) knowing the income distribution or income gap among cassava farmers, 2) looking for solutions to increase cultural values in preventing environmental damage related to the management of cassava agribusiness in the Bengawan Solo Wonogiri watershed, which indicates environmental damage in land degradation and erosion which leads to silting of the Wonogiri Reservoir. This research used a survey approach with cross-sectional data, with a questionnaire research instrument. Data were analyzed with income analysis and income distribution analysis by looking for the Gini Index value and depicted by the Lorentz curve. The results showed that the level of income gap was quite high with the Gini Index number reaching 0.40 in the management of cassava agribusiness. It is recommended to strengthen cultural values through increasing the capacity of farmers’ human resources in social empathy.
Study of planting media and nutrition concentration on growth rate and yield of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in NFT hydroponic systems
Authors: Hidayat R , Artiningrum M P P , Nugrahani P
Published: January 2021

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a vegetable whose commercial value is quite good and the demand for lettuce has increased, including from hydroponic results. The use of rockwool planting media in hydroponics is often not available when needed and is expensive. Therefore it is necessary to study of using local planting media, such as: coconut fiber and rice husk charcoal as a replacement of rockwool planting media and whether the increased concentration of nutrients given to the planting media affects the rate of plant growth and yield of lettuce. The purpose of this research to study are interaction between planting media and nutrient concentrations (AB Mix) on the growth and development rate of plants, as well as the yield of lettuce hydroponically with the NFT system. The research was arranged in factorial with two factors using a Split Plot Design. The the main plot is AB Mix nutritional concentration (K) consisting of 3 levels (600 ppm, 900 ppm and 1200 ppm), while the subplot is a planting media (M) consisting of 3 treatment, namely: Rockwool, Coconut Fiber, and Rice Husk Charcoal. The results showed that the combination treatment of rice husk charcoal planting media and AB Mix concentration of 1200 ppm (M3K3) produced the best growth and increased the fresh weight of lettuce plants by 447,54% compared to the combination treatment of rockwool media and AB mix concentration of 600 ppm (M1K1). Rice Husk Charcoal planting media increases the growth rate of plant length and leaf area respectively by 26% and 81,54% compared to rockwool planting media. AB Mix concentration of 1200 ppm gives the best response and increases the growth rate of plant length and lettuce leaf area respectively by 367,5% and 165% compared to the concentration of 600 ppm.
Design and Development of In-pipe Inspection Robot for Various Pipe Sizes
Authors: Gargade Atul , Ohol Shantipal
Published: January 2021

In-pipe inspection robots are designed to pull out the human role from work load and risky working circumstances. In this paper an in-pipe inspection robot version 2 (IPIR version 2) is presented which composed of two driving leg systems, two supporting leg systems and a connecting body. Novelty of version 2 is its stability and diameter adaptability. Stability of version 2 is enhanced by adding two supporting leg systems in version 1 and diameter adaptability of version 2 is improved by optimizing its spring design. All major components of version 2 are designed safely. Solid modelling of all robot parts and its assembly is carried out in Solidworks 16. Mathematical modelling of version 2 is carried by Lagrange’s method. A planetary geared DC motor with encoder (IG42E-104K) is used as prime mover of IPIR version 2. This robot has mainly employed aluminium as structural material. To verify the efficacy of driving mechanism, several experiments of version 2 are conducted in horizontal pipes, vertical pipes and couplings of 8 inches to 10 inches diameter range. This IPIR version 2 will be employed for offline visual checking of various pipe components like horizontal pipes, vertical pipes and couplings in water pipelines, gas pipelines and drain pipes etc.
Design of an Anion Generator Equipped Fire-Bot
Authors: Dubey Himanshu , Suryadevara Pranav , Arockia Doss Arockia Selvakumar
Published: January 2021

Fire accidents these days are becoming an alarming issue resulting in numerous deaths globally. In spite of having a robust system to put off the fire from spreading quickly, very less progress has been made in technology to rescue trapped people with only human efforts still taking place to rescue. While carrying out these manual rescue operations one major factor which hinders is the smoke, produced as a result of the fire, which greatly reduces the visibility thus making this task very risky. To address this issue, we have devised a negative ion generator, the anion (negative ion) generator is capable of removing a smoke and dirt particles from the air thereby increasing the visibility. This article presents a prototype where a fire extinguishing robot equipped with negative ion generator and can be deployed at an incident site.
Design and Analysis of Universal Gripper for Robotics Applications
Authors: Balaji A , Mithil J , Jason Gousanal J
Published: January 2021

A universal gripper is a component that consists of fine dust material enclosed in fine rubbery membrane for holding and assembly. The gripper is especially applied for quickly gripping and discharging large number of objects having complex geometries in wide applications. The objects which are in various shapes and different geometries are difficult to grasp which confirms that it is not suitable for apply in various pick and place operations. In this project, a low cost modular gripper is implemented with suitable mechanical design, structural analysis and real time analysis. In this association, the designed gripper can hold many parts and place it at once while sustaining relative distance and relative coordination at their state. The universal gripper acts as a vacuum tube to grip the object it needs to relocate. This universal gripper can hold various objects such as eggs, grocery items, industrial components, heavy objects etc., therefore, a selected experimental setup has been developed with the composition of shapeless gripper and perform simulation in holding of the different items. Results of the tests and experiments shows the proposed Universal Gripper are validated with feasibility options.
Industrial robot performance analysis using low cost set- up
Authors: Chachane K , Ohol S , Chiwande S
Published: January 2021

Industrial robot calibration is technique used to increase industrial robot repeatability and accuracy. In our project, we have analyzed various calibration techniques of articulated industrial robots and proposed an original method to analyze Industrial robot performance analysis. The proposed calibration set-up technique is using a mechanical setup of Linear Variable differential Transformer (LVDT) probe and inductive proximity sensor. The Statistical process control (SPC) software is using to monitor the real time data of the process and extracting the data for statistical analysis. The proposed Industrial robot calibration technique is applying at ABB Six Degrees of Freedom industrial robot and analyzing the performance gets affected by various Robot parameter and Internal/External factors. The calibration method is proposed to evaluate the repeatability of an articulated industrial robot using component of a Statistical Analysis course.
Wearable Non-invasive Health Monitoring Device for Elderly using IOT
Authors: Sumathy B , Kavimullai S , Shushmithaa S , Anusha S Sai
Published: January 2021

Patients and old age people suffering from Chronic, systemic diseases like heart diseases, asthma diseases, Alzheimer and dementia, Kidney diseases etc. needs regular health monitoring and extra care during any emergency. During the world of pandemic, those people suffered a lot and needed more attention from expert/specialists. Due to the difficulty in consulting the expert specialists in person, wearable technology plays an important role, which evolved for ease of use and advancements for monitoring patient’s health status. So, a wearable health monitoring system using IOT is proposed to monitor the regular health parameters periodically. The proposed system is a single integrated device consists of sensors for measuring vital physical parameters like pulse rate, respiratory rate, and temperature. Those data and initial predictions are sent via IOT cloud platform and expert opinions are received for further action as remote monitoring. If any critical changes are found, the same has been transmitted to doctor end and closest people of contact. If temperature changes are found below or above the standard value about 97 to 99 F, along with any respiratory difficulties with abnormal values are brought immediately to the notice of the specialist, due to the recent treats in covid. The sensor values are monitored time to time and connected to Arduino with GSM module for alert message. The proposed patient health monitoring system based on IOT helps the doctors and family members to keep track of the patient’s health. The covid pandemic period also made us realize to monitor even normal healthy person, which is the need of the hour. Also, the unit is wearable, small in the form of belt/collar, light weight and cheap. The aim of the study is fulfilled, to prognosticate the possibility of unidentified or untreated health effects and monitor the patient health.
Modelling and Analysis of Shoulder Traction Surgery Kit
Authors: Prabha K Aruna , Swetha S , Morampudi Priyadarsini , Naveen Reddy CH
Published: January 2021

The shoulder traction surgery kit supports and improves efficiency in performing arthroscopic shoulder surgeries. Shoulder Traction Kit provides a convenient method to apply traction and position the patient’s arm for shoulder procedures. It provides a proper vision within the shoulder joint and provides easy access for sub-acromial space. This paper presents a traction based shoulder kit aiding surgeries where the design and outlay requirements are reviewed and collected from research papers and suggestions taken from medics. This project initially deals with a simple design and model of the shoulder traction kit which is reliable and cost effective. A design which is simple to handle and easy to maintain has been the main moto of this project. Initial equipment outlay is modelled using software CATIA V5, SOLID WORKS and analysis is done on ANSYS. The model is simple, with few mechanisms involved and flexible which is easy to use. Based on analysis results and observations it is found that the designed shoulder traction kit can withstand 8 Kg loads with lesser deformations, stress within limits without any failure.
Inverse kinematic analysis of a fixture for fine alignment of central axis of top and bottom frame using simulation
Authors: Aglawe P S , Ohol S S
Published: January 2021

In the field of robotics, the design and development of Stewart Platform is currently the widely discussed topic because of its complexity as well as the usefulness in many fields like military operations, biomedical, Stealth operations, etc. This research work focuses on designing of fixture using rotary actuators and Simulation of Stewart Platform in MATLAB. Fixture consists of controlling of different degrees of freedom of the module, precise linear as well as rotary motion and motor position controller for every degree of freedom and enhanced real time control of each module. Inverse kinematic analysis of a fixture using Sim-mechanics of MATLAB is carried out. This fixture has a unique design considering space constraints and weight constraints. Above research work for automatic alignment of parallel robot with a payload of @5kg can be useful for many applications.
Design, development and analysis of human exoskeleton for enhancing human capabilities
Authors: Vibhute R V , Yeole S S , Waghmare S D , Tonde T A , Ohol S S
Published: January 2021

The study of the exoskeleton is widely recognized as the current challenge for robotic research. The exoskeleton helps us understand the complex gait cycles of the human locomotion. This paper aims to design a lightweight and easy to use powered dynamic exoskeleton with a higher weight carrying capabilities and produce gait cycles which imitate human locomotion. In this paper, we have proposed some novel mechanisms to overcome the limitations of heavy load-carrying capacities of the soldiers and also help with gait rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury, stroke, or neurological disorder. The exoskeleton is divided into the upper body and the lower body. The upper arm and the forearm are actuated by DC Geared motors and thus the upper limb can trace any path in the parasagittal plane. The thigh and calf segments are actuated by DC Geared motors to mimic the human gait cycle. The torques required to achieve this motion are discussed here.
Emulation of Multi-Rotor Functionalities in Fixed Wing Airplane for Farm Based Land Surveillance with Controlled Fluid Dispersion System
Authors: Neelakandan Aagashram , Chellakrishna V , Ajay Antuvan M , Avinash M , Ranjith Kumar R
Published: January 2021

The World is emerging with Technologies in every discipline, and India plays a vital role in the export of agricultural products. Since it has a huge amount of manifestation, it requires a lot of manpower. The Lack of skilled labour can also cause depletion of crops production rate. So the use of Technologies in agriculture reduces manpower drastically and increases efficiency. The production rate of crops in agriculture is based on various parameters like temperature, humidity, rain, etc., which are natural factors and are not controlled by farmers. The field of agriculture also depends on some factors like pests, disease, fertilizers, etc., which can be controlled by giving proper treatment to crops. Even though the use of pesticides can protect the crop, it may also have harmful effects on human health. So usage of technologies like quadcopter is an efficient process. But as it involves a huge amount of Initial and Operational cost, the quadcopters are replaced with Fixed Wing Drones. This paper depicts about the design and development of Fixed Wing Airplane known as AGRIWING, which combines all the desirable features of a conventional agricultural fixed wing such as mapping of farm, gathering heat signatures, etc., with the added capabilities of the autonomous fluid dispensing system, as in the Drone Spraying System with the advantages of Fixed Wing Airplane including reduced cost, improved flight time, robustness and more.
Aerodynamic Analysis of Hybrid Drone
Authors: Krishnaraj S , Senthil Kumar R , Gokula Krishnan A , Ganeshkumar G , Mohan M , Nirmal M
Published: January 2021

Drones are Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV’s) or Remotely Piloted Vehicles (RPV’s) whose application ranges from photography to defence. There are two major classifications of drone, one, a fixed wing; and another, a quadcopter. A hybrid drone is a kind of drone which has a mix of features of the two kinds of drone. It has quad-rotors for Vertical Take-Off Landing (VTOL), and a fixed wing for cruise. Aerodynamic analysis for a hybrid drone is done using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as a tool. A virtual wind tunnel test is done by means of this analysis. It is done in order to examine the various technical edges of the hybrid drone over the rest of the types. Firstly, the main entity of the drone, the wing, of 3 different profiles(aero-foils), is analysed for better lift coefficient as it is the major contributor for the thrust during cruise (for 0 deg angle of attack). The velocity contours are viewed to interpret the aerodynamic advantage of each wing. Then the whole vehicle is analysed after inculcating the wing. The various aerodynamic parameters such as the lift force, lift coefficient, drag force and drag coefficient of the hybrid drone are determined from the analysis. A hybrid drone with optimum lift has been designed from the inference.
Design and Analysis of Coaxial Ducted Propulsion Systems of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Omkar Billa L R , Arockia Doss Arockia Selvakumar , Christo Michael T.
Published: January 2021

Drone Technology is one of the major areas of research in numerous aspects and purposes. Less flight time and more power consumption has become the major problem in flying drones and UAVs. This project aims in analysing the thrust and other parameters of Coaxial propellers by ducting them uniquely and comparing them with conventionally ducted propellers. Ducting increases the thrust and in this, two propellers were individually ducted. Increase in the efficiency will allow the drones to fly effectively with adequate power consumption. The experiment results were tabulated and compared with each different case such as hover and forward flight configurations. In this Coaxial system one propeller rotates in Clockwise whereas the other in Counter-clockwise direction.
Autonomous Snake Robot with Serpentine type Navigation
Authors: Bangar M G , Nirgude H S , Ghodake S P , Ohol S S
Published: January 2021

Biological snakes can easily maneuver through complex and undulating terrains which gives the motivation to create a bio mimic robotic snake which can easily slither through narrow spaces and uneven surfaces unlike the wheeled or legged mechanisms that have terrain limitations for its maneuverability. Such robots can be used in rescue operations in earthquake areas where it can easily crawl, surveillance and maintenance of complex or dangerous structures like pipelines in nuclear power plants. In this paper we discuss the development of autonomous snake robot with serpentine type navigation. The paper discusses in detail about the design of the robot, mathematical modelling, and motion study in virtual environment using MATLAB. The paper also discusses the controlling of the robot using Arduino Nano. The aim of the project is to develop a bio mimic snake which can maneuver over any terrains.
Fault Detection in aerial images of photovoltaic modules based on Deep learning
Authors: Naveen Venkatesh S. , Sugumaran V.
Published: January 2021

Operation and maintenance of photovoltaic (PV) modules are currently the prime concerns of the expanding photovoltaic industry. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are applied in the field of inspection and monitoring of faults that occur in a photovoltaic module (PVM). Such inspections can significantly reduce time and human interference to provide accurate classification results. Technological advancements and innovative techniques in the fast moving world expect instantaneous results. Fault diagnosis is one such technique that provides instantaneous results and assures enhanced lifetime of various critical components. This paper presents the fault detection in PVM based on deep learning with the help of aerial images acquired from UAVs. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are adopted to extract high level features from the images which are classified using the softmax activation function. The feature extraction and fault classification is carried out by using a pre-trained VGG16 network. A total of six test conditions are considered in the study. Burn marks, delamination, discoloration, glass breakage, good panel and snail trail are the several test conditions considered. The classification result for the pre-trained CNN model is exhibited and performance of the model is evaluated.
Efficient multi-level lung cancer prediction model using support vector machine classifier
Authors: Manju B R , Athira V , Rajendran Athul
Published: January 2021

This paper aims at the requirement for an interactive learning framework which empowers the successful checking of disorder in a patient. Principal component analysis stands out as an outstanding algorithm to significantly classify the target classes. PCA blends associated characteristics and makes a dissipated showcase of its components well. Scree plot examination gives solidarity of how many principal components are to be retained. Support Vector Machines (SVM ) is a fast and dependable classification algorithm that outperforms other techniques with a limited amount of data. The obtained components will be served to Support Vector Machine for further classification. The pre-dangerous stage will remind the clinical experts to give additional consideration to those patients. The expectation ability is estimated in terms of the confusion matrix. The model developed gives a high and uncompromising accuracy in early detection of different levels of malignancy
Effect of Vibration on Surface Roughness of Drilling on Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic
Authors: Sureshkumar M S , Krishna Prasath S , Lokeshkumar C , Loheshwaranath S
Published: January 2021

In present scenario, Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (GFRP) has found to be highly influential in the field of manufacture of automotive and aerospace parts due to its high strength and lightweight characteristics. Processed GFRP components are assembled to the main structure by means of mainly rivets and fasteners. So, drilling in a GFRP material becomes inevitable in manufacturing for its wide applications. The purpose of this experiment is to conduct a study of the effect of vibration on surface roughness while drilling a GFRP plate using a 10mm HSS drill. The experiment has been implemented by varying the drill speed and feed accordingly in a 10mm thick GFRP plate and the respective vibration and surface roughness results were obtained. Furthermore, the results obtained have been processed in Minitab to provide a comprehensive understanding. ANOVA has been performed to establish a relation between the vibrations developed and surface roughness of the hole.
Python implementation of fuzzy logic for artificial intelligence modelling and analysis of important parameters in drilling of hybrid fiber composite (HFC)
Authors: Samsingh Vimal , Ramachandran Achyuth , Selvam Anirudh , Subramanian Karthick
Published: January 2021

Composite materials present the advantage of being able to be specially designed for a particular application by combining appropriate reinforcement materials with a matrix material suited to withstand the operant conditions. The use of Hybrid-Fiber Composites (HFCs) addresses the need for greener manufacturing processes while also meeting product specifications in a wide range of applications, all for nominal prices. In order to improve our understanding of the machining processes compatible with HFCs, this paper presents findings from a study in which the effects of drilling on glass-flax-hemp fibre hybrid composite samples are observed and modeled. Pivotal parameters in drilling, namely drill bit diameter, spindle speed and feed rate are studied, and a fuzzy-logic inference system (FIS) coded in Python is used to model the thrust force and torque acting on the composite sample. A comparison between experimentally obtained and model-generated values of the same indicate very good correlation, thus verifying the effectiveness of the FIS.
A Focus-Measurement Based 3D Surface Reconstruction System for Dimensional Metrology
Authors: Vignesh S.M. , Senthilnathan R.
Published: January 2021

Image focus is an important parameter which depends on various other parameters of an imaging system. One among them is the distance of the object plane from the lens. This parameter is referred as the depth in computer vision literatures. Since depth affects the focus level of pixels in an image, focus measurement can be used to interpret the depth of points of an object. The paper presents the details of the novel indigenously developed automated measurement system which can perform high-precision movements based on feedback control. The measurement system is inspired by classical systems used in techniques such as shape from focus. This system fundamentally being a mechatronics system integrates a high-precision multi-stage translation mechanism which is actuated with a servo motor with sensors such as camera, linear encoder, optical limit switches. The hardware interface is developed for automated measurement through a USB data acquisition system. The paper presents the methodology of surface reconstruction and detailed description of the various challenges encountered in the integration. The surface reconstruction is performed for various millimetres and sub millimetres level engineered specimens. The paper presents the future direction of research and also various potential application possibilities for such measurement setup.
Garbage Waste Segregation Using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Sai Susanth G , Jenila Livingston L M , Agnel Livingston L G X
Published: January 2021

Waste segregation is one of the primary challenges to recycling systems in major cities in our country. In India, 62 million tons of garbage is generated annually. Of this 5.6 million tons of wastes consist of plastic materials. About 60 percent of this is recycled every year. In addition, 11.9 million tons are recycled from 43 million tons of solid waste produced. Though the numbers sound good, a serious problem in the recycling industry is the segregation of waste before recycling or any other waste treatment processes. In India, at present situation waste is not segregated when collected from households. So a lot of workforce and effort are needed to separate this waste. In addition to this people working in this industry are prone to various infections caused due to toxic materials present in the waste. So the idea is to decrease the human intervention and make this waste segregation process more productive. The proposed work is aimed to build an image classifier that identifies the object and detects the type of waste material using Convolutional Neural Network. In this work, four different models of the CNN, such as ResNet50, DenseNet169, VGG16, and AlexNet, trained on ImageNet, are used to extract features from images and feed them into a classifier to make predictions and distinguish a type of waste from its corresponding category. The experimental results showed that the performance of DenseNet169 was significantly greater than all four models and the performance of ResNet50 is closer to DenseNet169.
Design of Portable Air Purge Level Transmitter with Built-in Calibration Feature
Authors: Joshi A. K. , Upadhye V. M. , Madhe S. P.
Published: January 2021

In almost all the process industries level is the prominent process parameter which is being monitored and controlled. For level measurement a wide variety of level sensors are available. For level measurement of chemically corrosive liquids or liquids containing suspended solids, specific sensors are used. In such applications, the direct contact of sensor with the fluid is avoided. Air purge or bubbler pipe is the most suitable level measurement method in such cases. In this method, compressed air is forced through the bubbler pipe which is placed in the level measurement tank. This compressed air/gas emerges from the other end of the tube in the form of bubbles. The pressure in the pipe is equal to the head pressure created by the height of liquid column in the tank. The conventional air purge level measurement method has limitations like lack of portability and non-electrical output. This also consumes more power, lacks in scheduled measurement and requires recalibration for the changes in the range. To overcome these limitations a novel portable programmable air purge level transmitter is designed in this paper. The designed system consists of an on board compressor to improve the portability. The electrical output is obtained using MEMS pressure sensor which is mounted on the top of the bubbler pipe. The electrical signal given by the MEMS pressure sensor is converted to standard output using Microcontroller and Signal Conditioning Unit. The system is made programmable using keyboard and display interface to microcontroller. Due to this recalibration and scheduled measurement is possible and this results in reduced power consumption.
Low Powered Self-Testable ALU
Authors: Nagharjun M. , Ravi V.
Published: January 2021

The Arithmetic and Logic Unit(ALU) is a Significant Segment of a CPU as it does all the arithmetic and logical operations and computations required by all the processes running inside the CPU. Being such an important part inside the processor, It requires more power and thus it would be efficient and feasible if it can run on low power and also can test for any faults in the circuit itself. This paper completely focuses on building a Low Powered ALU with the implementation of Built-In Self-Test(BIST) mechanism for efficient arithmetic and logical operations. In the design, power-efficient circuits such as Wallace Tree Multiplier and Carry Look-Ahead Adder is being used. The created design is synthesized and simulated on the Xilinx Vivado software tool and implemented on Digilent Xilinx Basys 3 Artix-7 (XC7A35T-1CPG236C) Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The overall power consumption of the design is 75mW and the ALU has self-testability function.
Automated System for Lavatory Disinfection
Authors: Joseph Sneha , Thaikattil Paul A , Suresh T. , Seethalakshmi E
Published: January 2021

Instead of that conventional method of chemical (sanitizer spray) disinfection, this paper introduces a novel idea to fight the attack of microbes causing infections and diseases from the source like lavatory and specially its seat. Here we utilize the germicidal power of ultra violet light ray’s. i.e. Ultra Violet C range of the light spectrum against the viruses (SARS-CoV-2), bacteria (E. coli) and other microbes. This system of disinfection constitutes the UV LEDs placed on the arm above the toilet seat. The range of wavelength is from 200nm to 280nm. Implementation of this technique ensures safety, by human free room with the automatic motion control using Arduino, motor and door locking gadgets. UVC light is very advantageous over other methods as it is eco-friendly, chemical free, non-corrosive, and no hazardous waste is produced and also inactivates viruses by attacking the DNA strands in the microbes ensuring that the replication does not happen further stops spreading of contagious diseases leading to pandemic. Usage of toilet paper and other methods used conventionally could come to an end. Thus an effective idea is derived for the hygiene establishment.
Hybrid Microgrid: Energy Management under Different Loading Condition using Typhoon HIL’s Real-time Digital Simulator
Authors: Verma Ruchi , Verma Hemant Kumar , Verma Priyanka
Published: January 2021

This paper presents real time simulation of hybrid microgrid consist AC microgrid along with DC microgrid and utility grid, where developed Hill Climbing algorithm for even power transfer between AC microgrid plus DC microgrid ensuring stable and reliable system operation under different loading conditions. Also generalized function generated to deal with the power flow from utility grid to AC microgrid and DC microgrid. Typhoon HIL control centre used for the accomplishment of hybrid micro grid. The proposed system is developed in the Schematic Editor. Hybrid microgrids are simulated using the real-time emulator HIL402 for real-time simulation within the SCADA environment.
Challenges in p-type Oxide Based Thin Film Transistor
Authors: Mukhopadhyaya Keka , Srividya P
Published: January 2021

p-type Thin Film Transistor (TFT) exhibits performance characteristics which is inferior to its n-type counterpart, which in turn limited its scope of wide application mainly in the domain of transparent and flexible electronics. This paper thoroughly reviews the basic operation of TFT, different parameters used to evaluate performance. A comparison of performance analysis of different oxide based p-type TFT viz. copper oxide, tin oxide and nickel oxide are done against different relevant parameters.
Single stage Boost Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Based on Switched Inductor Structure
Authors: Sriramalakshmi P. , Singh Rahul , Sneha
Published: January 2021

This paper presents the experimental investigations of Switched Inductor cell (SL-FLCHBqSBI) based Five-Level Cascaded H-Bridge quasi Switched Boost Inverter for Renewable Energy (RE) applications. The SL-FLCHBqSBI topology is based on the ripple input current Switched Inductor Boost Inverter (SLBI) structure which is available in the literature. In this work, a stiff DC voltage of 36 V is taken as input to deliver a power of 100 W across a resistive load is designed. The control signals for the active devices are generated using Phase-Shifted sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (PS-PWM) modulation technique. The SL-FLCHBqSBI topology provides a higher voltage gain of 2.83 compared to the conventional topologies for a low duty ratio. The simulation is performed in MATLAB/Simulink environment and the simulation results are presented. A hardware set up is implemented and experiments are carried out to check the consistency of the theoretical concepts with the working of the proposed topology in practical.
Parallelisable Regular Languages
Authors: Mohana N , Desikan Kalyani , Rajkumar Dare V.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we have defined Parallelisable strings and languages in order to reduce the recognition time of strings. Parallelisable languages have been introduced and their recognition has been studied through parallelisable finite automaton. We have restricted our study to languages that comprise of words that contain a common subword. By introducing parallelism on the subword we have been able to reduce the recognition time. Also, we have studied the properties of parallel regular languages.
Total and Inverse Domination Numbers of Certain Graphs
Authors: Shalini V. , Rajasingh Indra
Published: January 2021

For any graph G having vertex set V(G) then the subset set D ⊆ V(G) is known as a dominating set if every single vertex of G not belonging to D is adjoining to not less than one vertex in D. The domination number γ(G) is the minimum number of elements contained in a minimum dominating set D of G. Any subset D in V(G) is known as total domianting set if each and every vertex of V in G is adjoining to not less than one vertex of D. The set which contains minimum number of elements among all total dominating set is the minimum total dominating set and its cardinality denoted as total domination number γ

t
( G). The inverse dominating set D
′ is defined as that D is a minimum dominating set of G, if there exist an another dominating set say D
′ in V − D corresponding to D and its cardinality is the inverse domination number γ
′(G). In this paper we give the total and inverse domination numbers of certain graphs.
A study on human intelligence using Fuzzy Grey Relational Maps (FGRMs)
Authors: Arokiamary S. , Mary Mejrullo Merlin M.
Published: January 2021

Fuzzy-grey system is an ambiguous system where unclear, incomplete and only small data is available. Fuzzy Grey relational maps model the causal relation between complex systems. In this fuzzy model, the nodes are fuzzy while the edges are grey and they represent the grey causal relationship between two disjoint sets of concepts. Intelligence is one of the most admired and coveted features of human mind for, human intelligence has played a greater role in placing human beings at the top of the evolutionary pyramid of creation. Intelligence is widely accepted as hereditary, but at the same time there are researches going on to prove that it is also influenced by the beliefs the individual holds. In this paper, the causal influence between intelligence and self-beliefs is studied using Fuzzy Grey relational maps.
Weak inter-layer bonding in extrusion 3D concrete printing: a comparative analysis of mitigation techniques
Authors: Salman Nazar Muhammad , Ma Guowei , Ijaz Nauman , Wang Li
Published: January 2021

Recently, there has been meaningful progress towards the construction three-dimensional printing (3DP) of concrete (3DCP). However, weak inter-layer bonding (ILB) in extrusion 3DCP is a constraint that can critically influence the mechanical capacities, the stability of the structures, and durability. Various techniques have been proposed to mitigate weak ILB. Though, these techniques do not systematically address the basic causes of weak ILB and display inconsistency of the results. Additionally, the scope of the testing has been rather limited. Here, an approach for the mitigation of weak ILB is proposed, as part of ongoing research. It is based on stabilizer mortars (SMs) of varying mix compositions, according to the printing time interval (TI). This study compares mitigation techniques based on the statistical analysis (Chebyshev theorem, T-test, and standard error) of the test data against a 90% confidence interval. The proposed technique demonstrated peak mitigation of weak ILB with less variation in test results at extended TI up to 120 min. Besides efficacy, the simplicity of the technique i.e. practicality of the method and the materials cost, availability, safety, and sustainability remain ideal.