bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARISE I Consensus Review on the Management of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I. , Hanel Ricardo , Mocco J , Ali-Aziz Sultan M. , Froehler Michael , Lieber Barry B. , Coon Alexander , Tateshima Satoshi , Altschul David J. , Narayanan Sandra , El Naamani Kareem , Taussky Phil , Hoh Brian L. , Meyers Philip , Gounis Matthew J. , Liebeskind David S. , Volovici Victor , Toth Gabor , Arthur Adam , Wakhloo Ajay K. ,   for the ARISE I Consortium
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) remain a challenging neurological diagnosis associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There is a plethora of microsurgical and endovascular techniques for the treatment of both ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. There is no definitive consensus as to the best treatment option for this cerebrovascular pathology. The Aneurysm, Arteriovenous Malformation, and Chronic Subdural Hematoma Roundtable Discussion With Industry and Stroke Experts discussed best practices and the most promising approaches to improve the management of brain aneurysms.

METHODS:

A group of experts from academia, industry, and federal regulators convened to discuss updated clinical trials, scientific research on preclinical system models, management options, screening and monitoring, and promising novel device technologies, aiming to improve the outcomes of patients with IA.

RESULTS:

Aneurysm, Arteriovenous Malformation, and Chronic Subdural Hematoma Roundtable Discussion With Industry and Stroke Experts suggested the incorporation of artificial intelligence to capture sequential aneurysm growth, identify predictors of rupture, and predict the risk of rupture to guide treatment options. The consensus strongly recommended nationwide systemic data collection of unruptured IA radiographic images for the analysis and development of machine learning algorithms for rupture risk. The consensus supported centers of excellence for preclinical multicenter trials in areas such as genetics, cellular composition, and radiogenomics. Optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging contrast–enhanced 3T vessel wall imaging are promising technologies; however, more data are needed to define their role in IA management. Ruptured aneurysms are best managed at large volume centers, which should include comprehensive patient management with expertise in microsurgery, endovascular surgery, neurology, and neurocritical care.

CONCLUSIONS:

Clinical and preclinical studies and scientific research on IA should engage high-volume centers and be conducted in multicenter collaborative efforts. The future of IA diagnosis and monitoring could be enhanced by the incorporation of artificial intelligence and national radiographic and biologic registries. A collaborative effort between academic centers, government regulators, and the device industry is paramount for the adequate management of IA and the advancement of the field.
Cycle and Citation: What Hanne Darboven Calls Thinking
Authors: Stewart William
Published: April 2024

This article analyzes the significance of cyclical forms in the art of Hanne Darboven by reexamining the place of Constructivism and capitalism in her work. It tracks the lasting importance of El Lissitzky for her understanding of the relation between art and mathematics, revealing how Darboven borrowed from Lissitzky a particular interest in oscillatory dynamics. Further, it establishes the influence on Darboven's artistic practice of Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, particularly his method of note-taking—derived from accountants' ledgers—called sudeln. While sudeln works exhibit the oscillatory dynamics described by Lissitzky, they also offers a language for the vast array of citations that Darboven inscribed in her art. The concept of sudeln thus provides a framework for understanding the self-organizing and autopoietic operations that underwrite the paper machines of Darboven's practice. The article concludes by locating this same cyclical, oscillatory form in the most fundamental and abstract of Darboven's gestures, the wavy script that she called Schriftschwünge. In doing so, the article discovers an unexpected emergence of the biographical in Darboven's artworks, notebooks, and letters, in contrast to the anonymous and depersonalized aesthetic with which she is often associated.
Anthony Vidler in Reverse
Authors: Wigley Mark
Published: April 2024

This essay in memory of Anthony Vidler explores the ways in which his obsessive mode of thinking and writing was primarily historiographic and ultimately autobiographical as it reversed itself towards the future. Vidler was not a historian who wrote but a writer who over time produced the effect of being a historian. He was a scholar in reverse, a trained architect and insightful architectural critic fixated on the ongoing legacy, from Plato to the latest digital zealots, of utopian dreams of an idealized architecture that would incubate an equitable society and the dystopian effects of the always unsuccessful attempts to realize those dreams. Vidler portrayed architecture and the social life it supposedly serves as permanently suspended between utopia and dystopia. Colin Rowe, his first tutor at Cambridge University in 1960, triggered this life-long obsession by pointing to Emil Kaufmann's writing about the precocious modernity of enlightenment architects, especially the ideal city imagined in the late 18th century by Claude-Nicolaus Ledoux, symptomatically the only architect referred to by the utopian socialist Charles Fourier. Vidler never let go of Ledoux, continuously reshaping him and an endless chain of architects from the 20th and 21st centuries, starting with Tony Garnier and Le Corbusier. Kaufmann and Rowe haunt all the work, as does Walter Benjamin, whose inversion of history likewise turned on the relationship between Fourier's philosophy and a specific architectural typology.
Anthony Vidler's IAS Mystery
Authors: Vidler Anthony
Published: April 2024

The honking of the geese going south was beginning to get on his nerves. How to work with that going on. And the library was getting colder. The day had been grey, the soil damp, the air raw and feeling like snow. It might snow tonight. Not a long walk home though—and the apartment was at least warm. If it wasn't for the people upstairs, creaking, stamping (or that's what it sounded like), and shouting—but maybe just talking given the thin walls. Maybe they were using Skype—his own had long since ceased to connect. Needs a new password, or better, someone to call. He had felt the walls this morning—damp and a little soft— old plasterboard, wooden panels slightly buckled from heat and damp in that order. How could they let the housing get so run-down? But that was how monasteries worked, and this, all said and done, was a sort of monastery. Without the religion of course. But religion was there all right—under the radar, couched in academic formulae, a kind of ersatz nonbelief in belief. He had heard it at lunch—the endless parroting of rehashed research, of half-baked theories, of platitudes about how good the food was, or how much better the food was yesterday, or how interesting the mixed cold vegetarian salad was, or that you couldn't count on anything these days, or you are new here aren't you? Kindly inquiries, sensitive overtures, only half-listening to the replies.
Nomenclatural notes on some names in the Hieracium tenuiflorum group (Asteraceae) of the Alps
Authors: FAINELLI FEDERICO , GOTTSCHLICH GÜNTER , ORSENIGO SIMONE
Published: April 2024

The names belonging to the Hieracium tenuiflorum group (sect. Hieracium) as published by Zahn and others are discussed and typified. The accepted names are H. tenuiflorum, H. tenuiflorum subsp. austrosilvularum, H. tenuiflorum subsp. glaucoviolascens, H. tenuiflorum subsp. pictoprasinum, H. tenuiflorum subsp. pseudomerianum, H. tenuiflorum subsp. sebini and H. murorum subsp. nemorensifolium. Where possible, also names at the ranks lower than species and subspecies (i.e. varieties, subvarieties, forms and subforms) were typified. Hieracium tenuiflorum is typified by specimens preserved in Herbarium Bicknell. All the subspecies were typified by specimens preserved in G, PAV and TR, except H. tenuiflorum subsp. austrosilvularum whose original material went very likely lost. Eight varieties, two subvarieties, fifteen forms and three subforms were typified by specimens preserved in B, BASBG, G, GRM, PAV, TR and Z/ZT.
A new species of Eupholus Boisduval, 1835 from Indonesian New Guinea with notes on the taxonomy of the genus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Authors: BOLLINO MAURIZIO , ANDERSON ROBERT S.
Published: April 2024

Eupholus sulisi Bollino and Anderson sp. nov. is here described from the Indonesian portion of New Guinea, and separated from the most similar species E. prasinus Heller 1910 and E. humeralis Heller 1908. The structure of the everted endophallus examined in 38 of 71 species of Eupholus Boisduval 1835 supports the recognition of three groups within the genus, the Eupholus loriae-group, Eupholus schoenherri-group, Eupholus alternans-group, and Eupholus antonkozlovi Porion and Audibert, which does not fall into the three aforementioned groups.
8. The Secrets
Authors: Kašparová Irena , Scutaru Beatrice , Millei Zsuzsa , Raasch Josefine , Gawlicz Katarzyna
Published: April 2024

Childhood memories are filled with secrets. Secrets have a potency to connect, to cross or to create a divide between people, generations, places, ideologies, borders, and geopolitical relations. They are agents of movement and action, despite the fact that they may be locked away in a person’s mind, heart, or body. A slight hint—a sensual intake, a word, or a shared memory may trigger the re/emergence of a secret. The ethnodrama presented in this chapter is created from memories shared during a collective memory workshop in Berlin in 2019 and is embellished with fictional characters, additions, and dramatisation to allow the reader to engage, make sense, or affectively connect to childhood secrets of the Cold War.
11. Children on their Own
Authors: Bernhard Nadine , Falkenberg Kathleen
Published: April 2024

Childhood in formerly socialist countries is often depicted in research as ‘organised’ or ‘uniform’―a perspective we challenge in this paper. Using collective-memory work, we analyse our own childhood memories from the late GDR and memories taken from the memory archive of the Reconnect/Recollect project, focusing on unsupervised times, when institutional access to child supervision was no longer available and adult supervision could not (yet) be guaranteed. With this focus, we broaden existing literature on post/socialist childhood, which mainly focuses on institutionalized settings. Our analysis finds three patterns of unsupervised times present across different memory stories―unsupervised times perceived as freedom and contentment, responsibility, and loneliness. These patterns show that unsupervised times created opportunities for important children’s experiences to take place―from being creative to imitating adults, breaking rules, and building communities with peers and siblings. Additionally, we find many similarities across geopolitical boundaries that break down the stereotypical dichotomies of childhoods between the ‘East’ and the ‘West’.
13. Anarchive and Arts-Based Research
Authors: Foster Raisa
Published: April 2024

Humans living in postindustrial societies have slowly realised that the ecological crisis is a crisis of our culture. Therefore, to address the ecocrisis, we need to understand our place as humans in a radically new way. We cannot continue to elevate ourselves above the rest of nature and exploit other lives in pursuing just our own interests. Archiving is one example of the human tendency to conquer and control culture and knowledge. Anarchiving has been thus suggested as a counteract that welcomes transformation and reciprocal knowledge-creation in multiple complex relations between different times and spaces and between people and the more-than-human world. In this chapter, I ask how arts-based research can be understood as a practice of anarchiving that challenges the assumptions of novelty and originality in art and in life. By applying contemporary art’s philosophy of (un)doing the existing unsustainable structures and values, it is possible to imagine more sustainable art-making processes and to adopt sustainable orientations towards life more generally. As example, in this chapter, I describe how I upcycled rediscovered materials in my art (drawings, videos, and sound artworks) instead of starting from mental (genius) ideas and raw (virgin) materials―an approach that allows for complex meanings to emerge in-between the materials and memories.
14. Anarchive, Oral Histories, and Teaching Comparative Cold War Childhoods Across Geographies and Generations
Authors: Jackson Albarrán Elena
Published: April 2024

Childhood is a normalising phase of life. Each individual’s subjective experience becomes the baseline for establishing a worldview and evaluating differences encountered in others. Yet scholars of childhood have demonstrated that formative years are often informed by political, cultural, and social trends. During the Cold War, citizen and identity formation at the hands of state and media influences was particularly strident. This chapter provides a practical application of childhood studies scholarship to undergraduate education in the context of a semester-long project assigned in an undergraduate history course at a Western university. Oral history projects that connect textbook narratives with the memories of living family and community members help to dismantle the East-West divide, generate empathy, and promote self-reflection of the students as agents of their own historical moment.
15. Connecting Across Divides
Authors: Fichtner Sarah , Werner Anja
Published: April 2024

In this chapter, we describe the process of―and reflect on our experiences with―creating the collaborative, international motion comic ‘Ghost Train―Memories of Ghost Trains and Ghost Stations in Former East and West Berlin’, which is based on memories that we shared in a Reconnect/Recollect project workshop. During this workshop, Sarah Fichtner shared her West Berliner childhood memory of accidentally riding an underground train through ‘ghost stations’ of East Berlin. In turn, Anja Werner recalled a scene from her East German childhood of when she actually heard such ‘ghost trains’ rumbling underneath an apartment in East Berlin. From the experience with our motion comic, we gather that motion comics, because they are pieces of art, can add additional layers to history work. They do so by working with and addressing emotions, thus becoming (e-)motion comics as they connect people through memories across divides, time, and space.
Diasporic Knowledges in Central Asia
Authors: Mun Olga
Published: April 2024

This is a childhood memory produced as part of the Reconnect/Recollect project discussed in the introduction to this book.
The Door
Authors: Gevorgyan Khanum
Published: April 2024

This is a childhood memory produced as part of the Reconnect/Recollect project discussed in the introduction to this book.
Open Coffin
Authors: Kašparová Irena
Published: April 2024

This is a childhood memory produced as part of the Reconnect/Recollect project discussed in the introduction to this book.
Soviet Feminism?
Authors: Tsulukidze Nadia
Published: April 2024

This is a childhood memory produced as part of the Reconnect/Recollect project discussed in the introduction to this book.
Losing Balance
Authors: Kleyn Tatyana
Published: April 2024

This is a childhood memory produced as part of the Reconnect/Recollect project discussed in the introduction to this book.
Nokia
Authors: Piattoeva Nelli
Published: April 2024

This is a childhood memory produced as part of the Reconnect/Recollect project discussed in the introduction to this book.
New Year’s Frog
Authors: Piattoeva Nelli
Published: April 2024

This is a childhood memory produced as part of the Reconnect/Recollect project discussed in the introduction to this book.
Traveling Stones
Authors: Nishimura-Sahi Oshie
Published: April 2024

This is a childhood memory produced as part of the Reconnect/Recollect project discussed in the introduction to this book.
Serum Amylase Activity in Children Living with HIV-1 at the Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital in Ouagadougou
Authors: Soudre Fabienne Marie , Kouraogo Arnaud , Nombre Abdou , Tonde Issa , Da Ollo , Kafando Thierry Etienne , Ouedraogo Asciel Laël , Tenkodogo Delwende Job , Kiba Alice , Karfo Raoul , Kabre Elie , Sakande Jean
Published: April 2024

Biological monitoring is an essential part of the management of HIV infection. The aim of this study was to assess serum amylase activity during follow-up of children living with HIV-1 (CLHIV-1) at the Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital (CHUP-CDG). This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022. Patients under 15 years of age who were being monitored for HIV-1 at CHUP-CDG and who had undergone a serum amylase assay during the study period were included. A total of 746 patients have been included, with a M/F sex ratio of 0.91 and a mean age of 8.52±4.08 years. Among CLHIV-1, 88.05% had a TCD4 lymphocyte count > 500/mm3 and 60.32% an undetectable plasma viral load (PVL). The incidence of hyperamylasemia in the study population was 57.64%. Hyperamylasemia was significantly more frequent in children aged 0-2 years (p<0.00001), in patients with a high PVL (p=0.0016) and in those on the protocol combining two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with a protease inhibitor. Several abnormalities in serum amylase activity were detected in CLHIV-1 during the course of the study. Clinical correlation and adequate follow-up of these abnormalities are essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with pancreatic damage in people living with HIV.
Engaging With Race and Racism Through the Sensory: Four Pedagogical Instigations
Authors: Abdullah Noorman
Published: April 2024

Teaching and learning effectively, inclusively, and critically about the power and politics of race and difference remains a protracted yet important struggle. Race is an emotionally laden and provocative issue facing many societies, and the concomitant privilege and ideology that upholds it are oftentimes surpassed through processes and mechanisms of “invisibling.” In this article, I add to the plethora of debates and discussions concerning race as an organizing principle by showing how through the sensory, seemingly one of the most mundane, banal, and quotidian aspects of social life, can be a potent epistemological tool with which to teach how “race” can be reconstructed, negotiated, and maneuvered by social actors in the context of multicultural Singapore. Social formations of “race” undergo new ways of categorization, perpetuation, and judgment with the sensory as an emotive medium of recognition and placement. I foreground some of the pedagogical strategies I have employed that draw on emotions and the senses to instigate meaningful and critical class discussions, and the variegated classroom responses to the teaching of race and multiculturalism in everyday life. More specifically, I show how students as well as their respondents deploy emotions and the sensory in practices of inclusion and exclusion upon racial selves and others. A more creative and inclusive classroom and learning environment is therefore imperative to stimulate discussion, particularly alternative, critical, and meaningful ways of thinking about race. This, I contend, will necessitate a reflexive reconfiguration and maneuvering of power dynamics within the classroom setting, and our experience in teaching undergraduate students through particular kinds of strategies I have used during discussion groups have reaped interesting outcomes, both on the parts of the instructor as a reflexive participant and the students in the classroom.
Don’t Let the Sun Rise on Small Bowel Obstruction Without Surgical Consultation—Redefining Nonoperative Management Pathways
Authors: Bhatti Umar F. , Shen Aricia S. , Melo Nicolas , Barmparas Galinos , Wang Andrew S. , Margulies Daniel R. , Alban Rodrigo F.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common cause of hospital admission leading to resource utilization. The majority of these patients require non-operative management (NOM) which can lead to increased length of stay (LOS), readmissions, resource utilization, and throughput delays. Early surgical consultation (SC) for SBO may improve efficiency and outcomes. Methods: We implemented an institution-wide intervention (INT) to encourage early SC (<1 day of diagnosis) for SBO patients in July 2022. A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients with SBO requiring NOM from January 2021 to June 2023, categorized into pre- and post-INT groups. The primary outcome was the number of SC’s and secondary outcomes were early SC (<1 day of diagnosis), utilization of SBFT, LOS, 30-day readmission, and costs of admission. Results: A total of 670 patients were included, 438 in the pre-INT and 232 in the post-INT group. Overall, SBFT utilization was significantly higher in cases with SC (17.2% vs 41.4%, P < .001). Post-INT patients were more likely to receive SC (94.0% vs 83.3%, P < .001) and increased SBFT utilization (47.0% vs 33.6%, P = .001). Additionally, early SC improved significantly in the post-INT group (74.3% vs 65.7%, P = .03). There was no difference in LOS between groups (4.0 vs 3.8 days, P = .48). There was a trend toward decreased readmission rates in the INT group at 30 days (7.3% vs 11.0%, P = .13) and reduced direct costs in the INT group (US$/admission = 8467 vs 8708, P = .1). Conclusion: Hospital-wide interventions to increase early surgical involvement proved effective by improving early SC, increased SBFT utilization, and showed a trend towards decreased readmission rates and direct costs.
Pericarotid Adipose Tissue is Associated with Circulatory Markers of Inflammation and Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Mao Lingqun , Chen Linkao , Qu Man , He Xinwei
Published: April 2024

Perivascular adipose tissue plays roles in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between pericarotid fat density (PFD) and circulatory inflammatory indicators, internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis, and vulnerable carotid plaques. We retrospectively screened 498 consecutive patients who underwent both computed tomography angiography of the neck between January 2017 and December 2020. The PFD, ICA stenosis, and vulnerable carotid plaques were analyzed using established approaches. Laboratory data including C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) were recorded. PFD was positively correlated with CRP, NLR, PLR, and SII, and negatively correlated with LMR. A higher PFD was independently associated with extracranial ICA stenosis (1.179 [1.003–1.387], P = .040) and vulnerable carotid plaques (1.046 [1.021–1.072], P = .001) after adjusting for systemic inflammatory indicators. These findings suggested higher PFD is independently associated with circulating inflammatory indicators, extracranial ICA stenosis, and vulnerable carotid plaque.
Early-Life Origins of Wartime Behaviour: The Irish Potato Famine and Desertion in the American Civil War
Authors: Potts Dylan
Published: April 2024

How does pre-war trauma impact battlefield behaviour? I study Irish troops in the American Civil War who experienced the Potato Famine over a decade prior. I use birth cohorts, sibling birth order, adult height, and the geography of last names in Ireland to measure famine exposure within the Irish group at the level of individual soldiers. Each strategy indicates that famine exposure increases desertion. Developing and testing observable implications from theory, I show that heightened risk aversion is the most plausible mechanism. Once soldiers are socialized into active combat through collective risk-sharing the famine effect dissipates. This research contributes to our understanding of the causes of contentious behaviour, how the behavioural legacies of atrocities play-out sans partisanship, and the importance of pre-migration experiences.
Health Crisis or Crime Surge? Assessing the Asymmetric Nexus Between Pandemic Uncertainty and Drug-Related Crimes
Authors: Cao Xinghua , Cui Zhenti , Ali Sajid , Nazar Raima
Published: April 2024

The current investigation examines the asymmetric influence of pandemic uncertainty on drug-related crimes in the top 10 countries with a highest prevalence of such offenses (Mexico, Colombia, Philippines, Brazil, USA, Venezuela, Peru, Nigeria, Russia, and South Africa). Previous research used panel data methods to explore this connection without considering the specific variations among different countries. Conversely, this study uses Quantile-on-Quantile approach by providing worldwide yet country-specific insights for every economy individually. The findings demonstrate that pandemic uncertainty decreases drug-related crimes in the Philippines, Venezuela, Peru, and Russia. Conversely, it showcases an increase in such crimes in Colombia, the USA, Nigeria, and South Africa. It is recommended to formulate effective strategies to address changes in pandemic uncertainty and drug-related crimes.
Migration, social stratification, and labor market attainment: An analysis of the ethnic penalty in 12 Western European countries
Authors: Piccitto Giorgio , Avola Maurizio , Panichella Nazareno
Published: April 2024

This article presents a comprehensive investigation into the socioeconomic integration of migrants across 12 Western European countries, considering their likelihood of employment and socioeconomic status. Using the data from the European Social Survey, the study employs linear regression and probit models to achieve two aims: (a) to quantify the penalty for male and female migrants in terms of employment and socioeconomic status attainment; (b) to assess how the ethnic penalty for men and women changes based on their education and social background of origin. Results reveal that male and female migrants face a penalty in most countries under consideration, albeit with varying degrees of magnitude and characteristics. Migrants in Southern European countries exhibit a trade-off between employment and socioeconomic status attainment, while those in Central-Northern Europe experience a double penalty on both outcomes. Moreover, it emerges that the ethnic penalty in labor market attainment is more heterogeneous across migrants with different educational levels than with different social classes of origin: migrants’ social background of origin affects to a lesser extent their labor market outcomes, if compared with their human capital. Migrants with high education and social origin suffer the largest penalty, due to hurdles in leveraging their educational qualifications and social position. This pattern is particularly evident in Southern Europe, where the socioeconomic integration of migrant workers is characterized by a leveling-down process, pushing them into the lowest strata of the occupational hierarchy regardless of their education and social background.
Black Measurement: The Contributions of People Racialized as Black to the Field of Psychometrics
Authors: Adkins-Jackson Paris B. , Jackson Janine A. , Taylor Tonya Ross , Levine Elana R. , Makhija Anisha , Sewell Alyasah Ali
Published: April 2024

Psychometrics is a branch of psychology concerned with the measurement of mental attributes, behavior, and performance, in addition to the design and analysis of tests and other instruments. The origins of this field are rooted in the explorations of 18th century scientists concerned with capturing phenomena in empirical ways. Less discussed is the use of tests and assessments to validate racialization, which thrusts persons racialized as Black into the early discourse on psychometrics. Scholars, scientists, and psychometricians racialized as Black have long engaged psychometrics providing two major contributions: infrastructure via personnel and training programs built by persons racialized as Black; and interdisciplinarity, which include disciplinary standards and knowledge production. This commentary names these important figures and describes their contributions to the field of psychometrics.
What Is Supportive Parenting? Perspectives From Chinese Immigrant Caregivers With Low-Income Living in the Greater Boston Area
Authors: Zhang Xian , Liu Jiayi , Sopper Carolina , Wang Ja-Hon , Yau Yoyo , Scott Judith C.
Published: April 2024

Chinese immigrant families are the fastest growing immigrant population in the United States. Yet, research on Chinese immigrant parenting is limited, mostly focusing on stereotypes such as the model minority myth and tiger parenting. Little is known about how Chinese immigrant caregivers (i.e., parents and grandparents), especially those with low socioeconomic status (SES), define and engage in supportive parenting. Drawing upon Harkness and Super’s parental ethnotheories and Darling and Steinberg’s integrative parenting model, this phenomenological qualitative study investigated supportive parenting among Chinese immigrant caregivers with low SES. Twenty-four Chinese immigrant caregivers with low SES and children between the ages of 2 to 12 from the Greater Boston area participated in focus groups. The focus groups aimed to identify parenting goals, values, and practices influenced by different cultural contexts. Our findings revealed a conceptualization of supportive parenting which included being highly involved and wanting to give guidance and instruction while respecting children’s autonomy and granting them freedom to explore. The findings have implications for researchers, parenting programs, and family service providers serving Chinese immigrant caregivers.
Rhythm Is a Marker of Ethnicity in Modern Hebrew: Evidence from a Perception Study and Actors’ Ethnicized Portrayals
Authors: Berrebi Si , Peperkamp Sharon
Published: April 2024

In Modern Hebrew, only three segmental markers are typically acknowledged as ethnically conditioned, and usage of these markers has significantly decreased in second and third generation speakers. Yet the sociolinguistic situation of diverging language backgrounds of first generation speakers, compounded with ethnic segregation in housing and the workforce, seems like a fertile ground for social identification from speech. We report two studies on prosodic variation in Modern Hebrew: a perception study and a “matched-pairs” corpus study. The results of the first illustrate that even in the absence of the known segmental markers, ethnicity perception of young native speakers may still diverge between two major ethnic identities, Mizrahi (Middle Eastern) and Ashkenazi (European). The main acoustic correlate was rhythm, measured as the proportional duration of vowels in the utterance. In the second study, actors’ speech rhythm was found to be modulated by their portrayed ethnic identity in the same direction, suggesting that this variable is socially salient—and for some speakers, controllable—enough to be involved in style shifting. This study joins a growing body of work illustrating that relatively mild rhythmic variation can contribute to social identification, and in the current case, also for ethnicity portrayal.
Understanding the Role of Teacher-Student Relationships in Students’ Online Learning Engagement: Mediating Role of Academic Motivation
Authors: Akram Huma , Li Shengji
Published: April 2024

Strengthening online learning outcomes requires the establishment of strong student-teacher relationships to engage students actively in learning activities. Teacher-student relationships are also pivotal factors for enhancing academic motivation for online learning engagement. Generally, however, research on online teaching remains underdeveloped. We aimed, in this study, to investigate the complex interplay in higher education in Pakistan between teacher-student relationships, academic motivation, and online learning engagement. We used Self-Determination Theory to frame an exploration of the impact of positive teacher-student relationships as mediated by intrinsic or extrinsic academic motivation on students’ engagement in online learning activities. We administered a student self-report questionnaire to 437 participants from diverse universities in Sindh province. Using Structural Equation Modeling, we confirmed a model fit in which there were positive correlations between teacher-student relationships and students’ online learning engagement; and between students’ intrinsic and extrinsic academic motivations and their on line learning engagement. Our findings emphasized the need for communication, personalized support, and a sense of belonging in virtual education. Moreover, our findings revealed the mediating role of students’ intrinsic and extrinsic academic motivation in teacher-student relationships, highlighting the nuanced dynamics of academic motivation in the virtual learning environment, with intrinsic motivation having the greatest mediating impact in the relationship between teacher-student relationships and on line learning engagement. Our study’s practical implications include a need for professional educators to foster positive teacher-student relationships and integrate student motivational elements into online course design.
Evaluation of Implicit Bias Training in Continuing Medical and Nursing Education to Address Racial Bias in Maternity Health Care Settings
Authors: Mishkin Kathryn , Flax Chasmine
Published: April 2024

Objectives:

Implicit bias can affect clinical decisions that influence the care received by patients whose ancestors had been subjected to unfair medical and social practices. However, literature describing the effects of implicit bias training as part of continuing medical and nursing education is scarce. We conducted a longitudinal evaluation of a training for maternal health care clinical and nonclinical staff.

Methods:

A total of 80 staff members at 2 clinical sites in Cleveland, Ohio, participated in the training and evaluation in 2020 and 2021. We used a mixed-methods evaluation to capture changes in knowledge, awareness of bias, and application of strategies to reduce biased behavior by conducting pre- and posttraining surveys immediately after training and interviews at 3 and 6 months posttraining. We conducted univariate and bivariate analyses of the surveys and recorded, transcribed, and analyzed interviews for themes.

Results:

Using a threshold of answering 3 of 5 knowledge questions correctly, 50 of 80 (62.5%) trainees who engaged in the evaluation passed the pretraining knowledge questions and 67 (83.8%) passed the posttraining knowledge questions. Of the 80 participants, 75 (93.8%) were women. Interviewees (n = 11) said that low staff-to-patient ratios, lack of racial and ethnic diversity in leadership, inadequate training on implicit bias, and lack of institutional consequences for poor behavior exacerbated bias in maternity care. Interviewees reported having heightened awareness of bias and feeling more empowered after the training to advocate for themselves and patients to prevent and mitigate bias in the hospital.

Conclusion:

Additional study describing the effect of implicit bias training as part of continuing medical education should be conducted, and administrative and management changes should also be made to prevent bias and improve quality of care.
Powerful Partnerships: Improving Family-School Relationships for Students With Visual Impairments or Deafblindness
Authors: Jones Beth A. , Rudinger Belinda
Published: April 2024

This article highlights the importance of partnerships between families and teachers of students with visual impairments and/or deafblindness by situating this collaborative effort squarely in the legal mandates to collaborate and the research support for effective practices. Six strategies, aligned with the high leverage practices for collaboration, are shared to provide concrete ways for facilitating this partnership. A continuing vignette of a fictional family, the Hamptons, illustrates relevant points in the educational journey for which the implementation of the provided strategies would be pertinent. The vignettes are also designed to demonstrate the possible benefits of employing these strategies on the family-school partnership and ultimately student success.
Frictions on Both sides of the Counter? A Study of Red Tape Among Street-Level Bureaucrats and Administrative Burden Among Their Clients
Authors: Madsen Jonas Krogh
Published: April 2024

Administrative burden research shows that onerous and dysfunctional policy design can have detrimental outcomes among policy recipients. But less is known about the intermediary role played by the street-level bureaucrats who enforce these policies in practice. Using two separate surveys of 775 unemployment benefit recipients and 107 counselors in the Danish unemployment benefit system, I find that recipients report higher levels of administrative burden when served by counselors who themselves experience red tape from the rules and procedures they have to implement. The findings have important policy implications by showing that experiences of frictions among those assigned to convert onerous policies into practice can exacerbate administrative burden among their clients.
DL-YOLOX: Real-time object detection via adjustable dilated enhancement for autonomous driving scene
Authors: Song Qing , Wang Boyuan , Ma Yuandong , Hu Mengjie , Liu Chun
Published: April 2024

In the domain of autonomous driving, object detection presents several complex challenges, particularly concerning the accurate identification of small and salient objects. This paper introduces DL-YOLOX (Dilated Enhancement YOLOX), which flexibly uses dilated convolution to enhance features to achieve the purpose of improving small objects and silent objects. As we all know, a large receptive field covers a larger area and has greater contextual information, which is more advantageous for detecting large targets. A small receptive field helps capture local details and has better detection capabilities for detecting small targets. To bolster the representation of objects across various scales, we propose the integration of Dilated Adaptive Feature Fusion (DAFF) which has the ability to adaptively fuse features with different receptive fields. This innovative fusion mechanism allows for a more comprehensive understanding of objects, enabling improved detection accuracy even for objects of varying sizes. In addition, we tackle the issue of small object loss during feature propagation by introducing Stack Dilated Module (SDM), a powerful module that mitigates this phenomenon and contributes to better detection performance. Moreover, we endeavor to enhance small object detection further by replacing the conventional Intersection over Union (IoU) metric with Normalized Gaussian Wasserstein Distance (NWD), a novel distance metric that proves to be more effective in accurately gauging small object detection, thus elevating the precision of our algorithm. To thoroughly evaluate the robustness and generalization capabilities of our proposed method, we conduct extensive experiments on two benchmark datasets, namely MS COCO 2017 and BDD100K. The results from our evaluation not only affirm the significant improvements achieved in multi-scale object detection but also highlight the real-time capability of our approach. The impressive performance across these datasets demonstrates the promising potential of DL-YOLOX in revolutionizing object detection techniques in the context of autonomous driving.
Applying Theorem of Ross to Transition Probability Matrix in Energy Options Pricing after Political Tensions and Russia-Ukraine Conflict
Authors: Mikhaylov Alexey , Chang Tsangyao , Mukhanova Aigul , Bukharbayeva Akmaral , Karpyn Zuleima
Published: April 2024

Probability Matrix, it is necessary to obtain energy options pricing. The paper found the true probabilities of transition from the current state of the market to other states. The energy options pricing including effects of Political tensions is proposed. The methods are based on true probabilities of transition to the next state of the energy market. It can be used to predict the movement of the underlying asset of energy options (oil and gas derivatives pricing). For example, one strategy might be to compare the energy sources at the beginning 2022 (before 24.02.2024) with the current state of the market. The results show that this matrix can be implemented in energy options pricing, which represents the true probabilities of transition from the current state of the market to modern state. Practical implementation is an investment strategy in oil and gas futures that should include the median of a given distribution with the current state of the market after beginning of Russia-Ukraine conflict. The absence of arbitrage opportunities is a fundamental principle underlying modern financial pricing theory. This concept is peculiar to the statement of the fundamental theorem of asset pricing. The results prove idea that at a fixed point in time is the information about some market quotations of American Call options can be determined. The results have a set of quotes that are available in both directions: both for strikes and for periods to maturity.
Sociocultural Pressures, Internalization, and Body Esteem in Congenitally Blind, Late-Blind, and Sighted Men and Women
Authors: Dell’Erba Sara , Scheller Meike , de Sousa Alexandra A. , Proulx Michael J.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Visual experience has a substantial effect on how individuals construct a template of their own bodies in space. Whether the absence of total or partial visual exposure in individuals of both genders allows the buffering of harmful effects has yet to be tested. This study examined the role of vision among congenitally blind and later blind subjects for the expression of body esteem and sociocultural attitudes toward appearance. Methods: Participants comprised 101 subjects, 53 sighted and 48 visually impaired men and women. For the purpose of the study, we took into consideration congenitally blind, late blind, and typically sighted individuals. The Sociocultural Attitudes toward Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) and the Body-Esteem Scale Questionnaire (BESQ) were used as measures. Results: Although congenitally blind, late blind, and typically sighted individuals showed similar awareness of media content and beauty ideals, typically sighted women displayed higher pressure to conform and had higher levels of social comparison. Congenitally blind women placed less emphasis on mass media as an influential aspect of their body perception and showed reduced internalization of beauty ideals and higher levels of body esteem. Moreover, men with visual impairments considered siblings and family to be the most influential information sources for their own body perception, while showing reduced levels of athlete internalization. Discussion: In this research, it was identified that the absence of sight influences an individual's body image beyond its physical, metric representation. Susceptibility to detrimental messages linked to sociocultural standards of attractiveness is interiorized by individuals with and without visual impairments, regardless of their gender. Implications for Practitioners: Further studies on body esteem and sociocultural pressures could enable practitioners to better understand how to support individuals with visual impairments in coping with an unhealthy social environment and with feelings of unhappiness related to their appearance.
Recurrent Peritonsillar Abscess Caused by Vaginal Flora: A Common Problem From a Unique Source
Authors: Landeen Kelly C. , DeSisto Nicole G. , Jordan Mary Kate , Colaianni C. Alessandra , Phillips James
Published: April 2024

Peritonsillar abscesses (PTAs) are typically caused by group A Streptococcus or mixed oral flora. Gardnerella vaginalis is a part of the normal vaginal microbiome, and overgrowth can cause bacterial vaginosis. We present a case of recurrent PTA with G. vaginalis superinfection, which occurred after the patient performed oral sex on a female after incision and drainage of her initial PTA. The patient continued to have recurrent PTAs until G. vaginalis was identified, and antibiotic coverage was broadened to cover both group A Streptococcus and G. vaginalis. This case highlights the importance of culturing PTA aspirate for directed antibiosis in persistent or recurrent infections. The rare superinfection also raises the question of advising abstinence from oral-genital contact after oral procedures to minimize risk of superinfection.
Treatment of Warthin’s Tumors of the Parotid Gland With Radiofrequency Ablation: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Do Kenny , Kawana Eric , Tian Sisi , Bigcas Jo-Lawrence
Published: April 2024

Objective: Warthin’s tumors of the parotid gland can be safely observed. Definitive treatment usually requires parotidectomy under general anesthesia. The decision to operate on Warthin’s tumors of the parotid gland can be complicated in patients who wish to avoid risks of surgery and general anesthesia. This systematic review explores the potential of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as a minimally invasive alternative. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) model was used to collect 3 relevant studies that focused on RFA treatment for Warthin’s tumors. The cumulative averages for tumor size and cosmetic scores were then quantified for patients with Warthin’s tumors who underwent RFA therapy. The PRISMA systematic review method was employed to the PubMed and EMBASE databases. The comprehensive search term “Warthin Tumor Treatment” yielded 1299 articles from the years 1955 to 2023, 3 of which met inclusion criteria and were then selected. Results: The 3 quantitative studies collectively assessed 37 patients with Warthin’s tumors treated with RFA. Patients experienced an average tumor size reduction of 85.03% at 12 months post-RFA. There were minimal complications associated with RFA in these patients. Conclusion: This study suggests that RFA is an alternative to parotidectomy for the symptomatic treatment of Warthin’s tumors. RFA procedures demonstrated substantial tumor size reduction with few complications. However, further meta-analysis and comparison with alternative treatments is warranted to establish RFA’s role in treatment of Warthin’s tumors. The study is limited by its reliance on only 2 databases and a lack of comprehensive examination of different RFA settings.
Congenital Midline Upper Lip Sinus: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Li Peng , Wang Jingyuan , Lin Liqiang
Published: April 2024

Congenital midline sinus of the upper lip are rare congenital malformations. We recently identified a case featuring a congenital midline sinus of the upper lip. The punctate opening was positioned at the midline of the philtrum, immediately below the base of the columella. Surgical removal of the sinus tract was conducted through an intraoral approach. Up to now, fewer than 70 cases have been reported. Several postulates, including the fusion theory, merging theory, and invagination theory, have been proposed to explain the formation of the congenital midline sinus of the upper lip. Nevertheless, the etiology of this uncommon abnormality remains unclear. This report details a case of a congenital upper lip sinus presenting as a congenital midline sinus of the upper lip and reviews the current literature on this condition.
Shakespeare in the spotlight of Montpellier's National Dramatic Centre
Authors: Marion-Ferrand Alice , Mocellin Adèle Mignard , Vivier Jean
Published: April 2024

For its 2022–23 season, the National Dramatic Centre of Montpellier put Shakespeare in the spotlight by programming no less than four productions based on his plays. This article aims to review these productions and analyse how they came together during this theatrical season to think contemporary issues through Shakespeare and to explore what it means to stage Shakespeare today.