bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Neighborhood Topological Descriptors for Quantitative Structure-property Relationship (QSPR) Analysis and Entropy Measures of Some Anti-cancer Drugs
Authors: Augustine Tony , Santiago Roy , Jeyaraj Sahaya Vijay , Azeem Mohamad
Published: February 2025

Background:

This study investigated many cancer medicines using a wide range of degree sum-based topological indices and entropy. These numerical numbers, commonly referred to as topological indices or molecular descriptors, depict a substance’s molecular structure. They have been successfully used to properly reflect different physicochemical properties in a number of Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) and Quanti-tative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) research studies.

Objective:

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between topological neighborhood indices and physicochemical properties using the QSPR model and linear re-gression methodology.

Methods:

We employed linear regression methodology within the QSPR model to examine the connections between physicochemical characteristics and topological neighborhood in-dices.

Results:

The results revealed a significant correlation between the neighborhood indices un-der scrutiny and the physicochemical features of the potential drugs under investigation.

Conclusion:

As a result, both neighborhood topological indices and entropy demonstrate potential as valuable tools for future QSPR investigations when evaluating anticancer medi-cations.
Lavandula Species as a Bioactive Phytomolecule and Medicinal Properties: A Review
Authors: Srivastava Kajal , Yadav Chandra Shakher , Azad Iqbal , Srivastava Manjoosha , Niranjan Abhishek , Khan Abdul Rahman , Pal Mahesh
Published: February 2025

The family Lamiaceae includes the genus Lavandula, which is widely cultivated
throughout the Mediterranean region, including France, Spain, and Italy. The plant forms dense
clumps that are roughly 40-60 cm tall. The reference genome for "Jingxun 2," an excellent cultivar
of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) was created by a research team in China. Lavandula
which contains tannins, phytosterols, coumarins, herniarins, ursolic acid, sugars, valeric acid, glycolic
acid, coumaric acid, anthocyanins, minerals, and essential oils. Lavender oil can also help
with many kinds of health problems because it has many bioactive ingredients, such as linalool,
lavandulol, anthocyanins, geraniol, ursolic acids, linalyl acetate, valeric acid, 1,8-cineole, borneol,
lavandulyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol, camphor, phytosterols, coumaric acid, and glycolic acid. The
genus Lavender exhibits various biological activities, including antioxidants, antiparasitic, and
neuroprotective properties. Recent studies have demonstrated the numerous biological activities
of Lavandula, but we still need to develop new medications that harness the components of this
plant to treat a variety of illnesses. This study covers various recent advancements in the use of
Lavender and its phytochemicals by using various search engines, including Scopus, PubMed,
Google Scholar, and Web of Science.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Bixa orellana L. Phytochemicals in
Oxidative Stress and Complications Using Network Pharmacology
Authors: Akthar Wasim , Ekbbal Rustam , Sharma Himanchal
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

This study explores the therapeutic potential of Bixa orellana (B. orellana),
focusing on its bioactive compounds and antioxidant effects. Phytochemical analysis combined
with network pharmacology was employed to investigate its multi-targeted therapeutic potential
against oxidative stress.

Methods:

The antioxidant activity of B. orellana flower extract was determined using DPPH assays.
High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and liquid chromatography-mass
spectrometry (LC-MS) were performed to profile key bioactive constituents. Network pharmacology
analysis linked to these phytochemicals was performed to determine its role in oxidative
stress and associated complications.

Results:

The results showed a significant DPPH activity of the flower extract of B. orellana.
HPTLC profiling showed several major and minor metabolites at different Rf values, while LCMS
profiling revealed quercetin, kaempferol, genestin, etc, as key components of the flower extract.
In network pharmacology analysis, quercetin showed a significant interaction with genes
like TP53, NOS2, and CAT, while kaempferol targeted SOD2 and NFE2L2, both crucial in oxidative
stress regulation. The results highlight the multi-targeted approach of B. orellana flower
extract compounds in modulating oxidative stress pathways.

Conclusion:

This comprehensive approach revealed multiple molecular pathways influenced by
B. orellana compounds, providing a strong foundation for their therapeutic potential in oxidative
stress-related diseases.
An Insight into Research Advances on Herbal and Phytochemical Approaches to the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma from January 2020 to July 2024
Authors: Nooreen Zulfa , Harer Sunil , Rai Awani Kumar , Wal Ankita , Nathiya Deepak , Kaur Parjinder
Published: February 2025

Background:

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a primary hepatic tumor and is one of the world's
third most frequent malignancies after lung and colorectal. After stomach, lung, and colorectal cancers, it is the
most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Since the Palaeolithic era, herbs have been used as an essential
source of alternative drugs. Modern cancer treatments that use chemotherapeutic medications are made of chemicals
derived from plants.

Objective:

The present review is about the compilation of phytochemical extracts and molecules from 2020 to
July 2024.

Methods:

A detailed literature survey was conducted to compile data from PubMed, Sci Finder, Science Direct,
Google, etc.

Results:

The identification of novel treatments and their combinations for usage in the adjuvant context potentially
address significant unmet needs in the management of HCC. A large number of investigations have been carried
out these days on plants. Numerous phytochemicals included in plant extract may possess anti-cancer properties,
including the ability to induce cell cycle arrest, suppress cell proliferation, increase apoptosis, and obstruct
migration, invasion, and metastasis. These approaches possess less hazardous and more effective treatment in
HCC.

Conclusion:

This article is the compilation of data about research on phytomolecules and herbal extracts from
January 2020 to July 2024 for the treatment of HCC in vitro and in-vivo. Various mechanisms involved in the
treatment are also explored in the article. The growing interest of researchers in investigating new approaches
toward HCC management with phytomolecules is rapidly growing.
Peptide Regulation of Ageing: From Experiment to Practice
Authors: Arutjunyan A.V. , Popovich I.G. , Kozina L.S. , Ryzhak G.A.
Published: February 2025

The article presents an analysis of the results of many years of research devoted to the
study of biological activity of peptide bioregulators at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels, as
well as at the level of the organism. The study of peptide efficacy and analysis of their mechanism of action allowed the famous Russian gerontologist Vladimir Khavinson to propose the
concept of peptide regulation of gene expression and protein synthesis. He developed and introduced the technology of obtaining active peptide preparations from animal tissues and also synthesized short peptides with targeted tissue-specific action, which are also capable of regulating
gene activity and protein synthesis in cells.

It has been established that they stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation, can have immunomodulatory effects, and inhibit apoptosis, thus restoring tissue functions in various pathologies. It is extremely important to study the effect of peptides on the stabilization of cell metabolism and prevention of premature aging, which may contribute to the species limited life.
The review presents the results of experimental and clinical studies of peptide drugs in ageing, as
well as the prospects of their use for the prevention and treatment of a number of cardiovascular,
oncological, neurological, neurodegenarative, and other age-associated diseases.
Overview of Gas Recovery from Natural Hydrate Reservoirs by Depressurization: Current Status, Challenges, and Key Issues
Authors: Lv Tao
Published: February 2025

Natural gas hydrates (NGHs) are among the most promising clean alternative
energy sources to replace fossil fuels in the post-petroleum era. Over the past decade, extensive
research on NGHs has made remarkable progress, advancing from the resource exploration
stage to trial production. Field production tests have demonstrated that depressurization
is one of the most effective and promising methods for the commercial exploitation
of NGHs. In this paper, we systematically summarized the current advances in experimental
simulations, numerical simulations, and field production tests of NGHs exploitation
by depressurization. The problems and limitations of laboratory simulations and field tests
were discussed, and related technical and environmental issues that may arise in commercial
production were analyzed. Key scientific challenges involved during production were
put forward. Enhancing production efficiency and ensuring the stability of sediment layers
are critical to achieving commercial-scale exploitation of NGHs reservoirs.
Probiotics as Immunotherapeutic Adjuvants: Enhancing Viral Defense Against Emerging Pathogens, including Monkeypox
Authors: Hussain Afzal , Hussain Ashfaq
Published: February 2025

Probiotics have appeared as effective immunotherapeutic adjuvants that influence host
immune responses to viral infections. The latest study has shown that probiotics can improve innate
and adaptive immunity by activating dendritic cells, producing interferons, and modulating proinflammatory
cytokines. Probiotics can be used as adjuvants in viral immunotherapy to enhance
mucosal immunity, which is critical for battling emerging infectious illnesses such as monkeypox.
The antiviral potency of probiotics, specifically with standard therapies, makes them attractive contributors
to establishing complete viral defense methods for upcoming epidemics.
A Bibliometric Analysis on Urticaria: Roles of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Immunity, and Treatment Modalities
Authors: Zeeshan Hafiz Muhammad , Bin Heyat Md Belal , Sultana Arshiya , Bin Hayat Mohd Ammar , Sayeed Eram , Akhtar Faijan , Benkmil Nouhayla , Abbasi Rashid , Abdelgeliel Asmaa Sayed
Published: February 2025

This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research on urticaria,
aiming to chart its progression, assess its relevance, and explore the roles of oxidative
stress, inflammation, and immunity in its pathogenesis. Additionally, by analyzing data from
PubMed and Scopus, we mapped research trends, identified leading authors and institutions, and
examined global collaboration patterns. We also evaluated the impact of oxidative stress, inflammation,
and immunity on urticaria and assessed the roles of both conventional and traditional
medicine in its management. The results highlight the evolution of urticaria research, key
contributors, thematic developments, and collaborative networks. This study offers a detailed
bibliometric profile and thematic map, including insights into effective authors, prominent keywords,
and significant research patterns. The findings are valuable for medical researchers,
providing an updated overview of current themes and gaps, and are also beneficial for
healthcare decision-makers by summarizing relevant information for strategic planning and fostering
new collaborations. Additionally, the study integrates biological aspects related to urticaria
with insights into traditional treatments, contributing to both research and practical management
strategies.
Text Classification Method for Tracking Rare Events on Twitter
Authors: Kaur Prabhjot
Published: February 2025

A natural catastrophe is an example of a rare occurrence that does not
happen often but may have devastating effects on people and their environment when it
occurs. People now have a quick and easy outlet for voicing their ideas thanks to social
media. Thus, it may be used by researchers to learn about how individuals react to and
think about a wide variety of extremely unusual occurrences. Many research works use
social media data to investigate how people's reactions to unusual occurrences in the
real world translate to their online personas, thoughts, feelings, and actions. In this
piece of work, we offer a method for extracting features and classifying tweets on
unusual events like Hurricane Sandy. To begin, a new approach to feature extraction is
presented, one that may be used to extract relevant features from each communication.
The next step is to offer a Score-based categorization system for differentiating
between communications about events and those that are unrelated. Finally, the
development of a rare event is analyzed using our suggested approach and the popular
keyword search method. The findings show that the suggested method is effective in
distinguishing between text messages connected to unusual events and those that are
unrelated.
Hadoop-based Twitter Sentiment Analysis Using Deep Learning
Authors: Singh Manpreet
Published: February 2025

Sentiment analysis, the practice of classifying and identifying opinions
displayed in audio, words, database reports, and tweets to ascertain if the opinion is
positive, neutral, or negative, is of great interest to many individuals in the
microblogging service arena. It could be challenging to extract sentiment from Twitter
data due to its quirks. The research suggests a way to analyze sentiment using a
Hadoop infrastructure with a deep learning classifier. In order to gather characteristics,
data is distributed across Hadoop nodes. After that, the data from Twitter is parsed for
the most crucial parts. The input data from Twitter is sorted into two categories,
positive review along with negative review, via a deep learning algorithm, including a
deep recurrent neural networks classifier. Some of the metrics used to measure
performance include classification accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. With a
sensitivity of 0.9404 and a generality of 0.9157, the proposed technique surpassed
traditional methods in classification with a precision of 0.9302.
Investigating the impact of pavement surface features on skid resistance: A review on machine learning approach
Authors: Khasawneh M.A.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Pavement friction is a critical factor in ensuring road safety and performance. This review explores the correlation between asphalt pavement surface features and locked-wheel skid trailer friction values using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. The study focuses on how ML algorithms, particularly Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), can be utilized to analyze and predict pavement surface characteristics and their impact on skid resistance. The review provides an overview of common pavement surface features that influence skid resistance, such as texture and roughness, and describes the measurement techniques used to quantify these features. It also discusses the application of locked-wheel skid trailer testing as a method for measuring pavement friction and highlights the potential of ML algorithms in analyzing skid resistance data. The review concludes with a discussion on the challenges and future directions of using ML algorithms and ANNs in pavement engineering studies, emphasizing the importance of study in improving road safety and pavement performance.
Moisture-induced damage in asphalt concrete pavement: A review paper to uncover the stripping phenomenon
Authors: Khasawneh M.A.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Asphalt concrete pavement is considered a versatile and affordable material for constructing durable roads. However, despite its obvious advantages, this type of infrastructure is highly susceptible to various types of distress, which can affect its performance and service life. Moisture-induced damage, sometimes known as "stripping," has arisen as a major concern among these distress mechanisms in recent years. Moisture-induced damage occurs when water infiltrates the pavement, weakening the asphalt-aggregate bond and causing a variety of distresses that compromise the performance and durability of the pavement. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that cause moisture-induced damage is crucial for developing effective preventive and mitigation strategies. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the moisture-induced damage phenomenon, focusing on the stripping mechanism in asphalt concrete pavements. Compared with previous publications, this article highlighted the main predictive models for predicting moisture-induced damage and served as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers involved in the design, construction, and maintenance of asphalt concrete pavements, fostering continued advancements in the field, and promoting sustainable and resilient infrastructure systems. Finally, it is recommended to use machine learning (ML) and artificial neural networks (ANN) for moisture-induced damage prediction.
A comprehensive review of intelligent transportation systems toward alleviating traffic congestion
Authors: SAWALHA Ansam
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Nowadays, traffic congestion has become a critical problem in several cities around the globe. It is usually associated with the increasing urban population, increasing car ownership, and inadequate infrastructure management. Traffic congestion decreases the efficiency of transportation infrastructure and increases air pollution, fuel consumption, and travel time. Consequently, interest in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) comes from the problems caused by traffic congestion. ITS is a system that creates vehicles to function smoothly during their trip and offers comfort and safety to an individual vehicle or a network of vehicles. It can improve the efficiency, accessibility, mobility, and intermodal connections of the transportation system. The main aim of this paper is to review the existing literature comprehensively to investigate the role of intelligent transportation systems in mitigating traffic congestion. By synthesizing previous studies, the paper shows that the ITS plays an important role in decreasing traffic congestion in different ways; it assists drivers in making better travel decisions and helps local governments develop urban traffic management abilities. Furthermore, ITS enhances connectivity among all components of the traffic stream, reducing traffic congestion and consequently mitigating traffic accidents. Finally, this paper will help researchers and decision-makers better understand the importance of using intelligent transportation systems to reduce traffic congestion and consequently reduce traffic accidents.
Evaluation of asphalt pavement maintenance practices in Kuwait
Authors: ALOWMI Fatemah
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Efficient pavement maintenance practice is a major factor in sustaining high quality roads. Inadequate construction practices and failure to comply with maintenance guidelines and specifications can result in road early deterioration and surface defects such as cracking, raveling, rutting, and potholes. Thus, this study is part of a gap analysis aimed at understanding and evaluating pavement maintenance practices in Kuwait and compare it with international standards. For this purpose, a maintenance and rehabilitation project launched by Kuwait Institute of Scientific Research (KISR) was used as a case study. A group of engineers from KISR was assigned to observe and document plant production operations and onsite operations using photographs, video recordings, and drafted observation checklists. The observations have shown that some aspects could improve onsite maintenance practices such as surface preparation, manpower competency, reliability and adequacy of machinery and equipment, which affect the asphalt quality. The practices observed during this study, particularly regarding the lack of a local maintenance guide, contrast with international best practices, such as those prescribed by International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which emphasize comprehensive manuals for maintenance and certification programs. Many countries, including the U.S. and Germany, require comprehensive training and certification for maintenance personnel. Implementing a similar approach in Kuwait could improve long-term infrastructure durability.
Performance evaluation of asphalt binder modified with olive mill wastewater ash (OMWA)
Authors: TAAMNEH Madhar
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a liquid by-product generated from olive oil processing and represents a significant environmental concern regarding their disposal and management. This paper was carried out to examine the potential use of the Olive Mill Wastewater Ash (OMWA) as a modifier for asphalt binder. An asphalt binder with a penetration grade of 60/70 was used as the control binder in this study. OMWA was added to the base asphalt binder at various amounts (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% by weight of asphalt binder). Asphalt binder's physical and rheological properties, such as penetration, ductility, softening point, flash/fire points, and rotational viscosity, were investigated. The laboratory test results revealed that increasing the amount of OMWA in the asphalt binder blend decreased penetration and ductility while increasing the softening point, rotational viscosity, and fire and flash of OMWA-modified asphalt binder. Hence, it is recommended that the OMWA modifier be used in warm regions to resist the plastic deformation of asphalt mixtures. This approach demonstrates the potential for converting waste into a valuable resource in infrastructure development, thereby improving both sustainability and road construction performance.
Incorporating date seed powder (DSP) into asphalt binder: A feasibility study on sustainable and economical practices in Saudi Arabia
Authors: ALDAWOOD Rana
Published: February 2025

Abstract. This research investigates the potential use of Date Seed Powder (DSP) as a sustainable modifier for asphalt binders in Saudi Arabia. Date seeds, a readily available byproduct of the date fruit industry, offer a promising alternative to traditional asphalt modifiers, promoting a circular economy and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources. The study proposes incorporating DSP into asphalt binders to enhance their performance and durability, particularly under extreme climatic conditions and heavy traffic loads. The research explores the advantages of using DSP, including its unique chemical composition, cost-effectiveness, and environmental benefits. The study outlines methods for collecting and preparing DSP, and discusses the environmental impact of date seed disposal. It also highlights the sustainability aspects and contribution of this approach to Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. The research concludes that using DSP as a binder modifier offers a promising solution for improving the durability and lifespan of roads in Saudi Arabia, contributing to a more sustainable and cost-effective infrastructure.
Street, road, and boulevard: Permeable, smart, and creative systems transforming Riyadh
Authors: GOTTI PORCINARI Massimiliano
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Riyadh is facing a great change in recent years. The 15-minute city to which it aspires is a model of smart city that requires a great deal of interaction between inhabitants and the urban fabric, still little present in the Saudi capital. The research starts with the consideration that one of the biggest changes in Riyadh is taking place renovating its streets. The three projects analyzed in this research, show a clear desire to re-design these infrastructures through a systematization of environmental, social, and technological aspects; the first project, for Tahlia Street’s sidewalks in 2004, was the first transformation to trigger a process of re-humanization of the city; the second, the King Abdullah Road Development Program, in progress, aims to transform one of the main east-west connection into a free road with an even greater capacity, which, instead of dividing, reconnects at a pedestrian level, the portions of the city crossed. Finally, the latest project, still in a design phase, developed by Sport Boulevard Foundation, north of the KAFD financial district, this is a linear park that will host a series of recreational services to support citizens, as well as cars and metro. All these three axes work transversally to the main south-north direction of Riyadh, defining relationships between the western and eastern areas, corresponding to the Wadi Hanifah and Wadi Al Sulai valleys. By analyzing these three projects, and understanding these consecutive steps we can deeply understand the transformative process of Riyadh. In all these projects the wadi is a source of inspiration, working like a sponge, it can self-regulate, endowing a kind of intelligence. The Wadi, and its linear development, is a creative model of Riyadh's transformation into a smart sustainable city.
Improved machine learning modeling for predicting shear capacity of RC deep beams
Authors: ARIF Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Pile caps, underground structures, bridges, floor diaphragms, and multistory RC structures use RC deep beams (RCDBs), the fundamental structural components carrying heavy loads. RCDBs have a lower clear span-to-total depth ratio (usually below 4) with distinct structural behaviour like slender beams. Despite being widely used, RCDBs shear design is still challenging due to the applicability and reliability of different design techniques considering the architectural configuration/restriction, code provisions, and other nonlinear variables for optimal geometric design. RCDBs are prone to shear failures, initiating an abrupt, catastrophic collapse that poses severe challenges to public and infrastructural assets. Previous studies developed machine learning (ML) models for forecasting RCDBs’ shear strength, overlooking some influential features and yielding low validation accuracy compared to experimental work. This paper deploys data-driven techniques to forecast the shear strength of RCDBs using more reliable results and accuracy than previous research studies. This study employed two different ML models, including Multi Expression Programming (MEP) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), to forecast the shear strength of the RCDBs. The established database collected from experimental studies consists of 224 data points with 15 key input features, which determine the shear mechanism of the RCDBs. The dataset was split using the K-fold method into thirty percent data points to test model and remaining seventy percent for training. Shapley explanation identified Top Plate Width (Wtp) from the experimental setup and nominal yield strength of steel (Fyk) from material properties as the most influential factors. The model's accuracy and applicability were evaluated using several statistical parameters, including correlation coefficients (R2), mean absolute errors (MAE), Root mean square error (RMSE), a-10 Index and Median Absolute Error (MdAE). With R2 of 0.979 for validation, MAE of 30.842, RMSE of 32.848, MdAE of 29.58296 and a-10 Index of 0.4478, respectively, the XGboost model surpasses all the previous studies. Compared to MEP, the developed XGBoost model performed well overall, exhibiting excellent prediction accuracy in testing and validation datasets that forecasted the RCDBs’ shear strength . However, to make the model more practical in the design industry, this study proposes the collection of datasets with different concrete mixture compositions and reinforcement profiles. Moreover, applying Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) on a more extensive and diverse dataset is advisable to decrease overfitting and in situ consideration of RCDBs.
The influence of particle separation distance on the prediction of the suction stress curve of the simple cubic form
Authors: MESSAST Salah
Published: February 2025

Abstract. This research presents numerical simulation approach for predicting the values of unsaturated soil parameters with low water content. In order to understand how unsaturated soils behave and to create the suction stress curve, the proposed model can be used to predict the relationship between the suction stress and the filling angle θ, in terms of particle separation distance. The updated model assumes that all the particles are equally dispersed spheres of the same size. In this study, the updated model is exclusively applied to simple cubic packing order with zero contact angle. The model may also be used to predict matric suction, effective stress parameter χ and tensile strength while combining experimentally determined soil properties. This removes the requirement for sophisticated measuring devices or specific test procedures to illustrate how the separation distance affects the behavior of unsaturated soils.
Evaluation of concrete slab exposed to weather conditions resulting from global warming
Authors: ALSHAMMARI Emad
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Global warming is increasing worldwide, leading to recurring climatic hazards each year. These hazards have a negative influence on the performance of infrastructure, most of which are inadequately prepared to resist the effects of climate change. Roadway system is being negatively impacted by the severe Global Warming, which is characterized by extreme heat and severe flooding. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of various factors on the performance of concrete pavement under varying weather conditions, including extreme heat and flooding. The goal is to create designs and tactics that will make concrete pavements more robust in these challenging circumstances. This research examines the characteristics of concrete and the dimensional configuration of concrete pavement using FEACONS IV to evaluate their influence on the concrete pavement’s performance under severe heat and flooding events. This study's main findings from FEACONS IV analysis are as follows. With a lower elastic modulus, sufficient flexural strength, and aggregates with a lower coefficient of thermal expansion, concrete pavement may have an increased load-carrying capacity Increasing Concrete slab thickness can reduce stress caused by load and temperature. Increased subgrade modulus reaction value under flooding circumstances enhances pavement strength. Nevertheless, under conditions of severe temperatures, a substantial subgrade reaction modulus has the potential to increase the stress caused by temperature and load. Concrete pavement with porous limestone aggregate shows a low coefficient of thermal expansion and elastic modulus, indicating that it could outperform concrete pavement made with river gravel or granite. The implications of the findings lead to increased temperatures which will result in the degradation of pavement. It is necessary for agencies to consider a rise in temperature when designing, constructing, and maintaining pavement. Flooding causes the concrete slab and subgrade layer of a pavement to become saturated, which negatively impacts the pavement's performance over time.
Parametric study of footing on sandy slope soil
Authors: Ahmed D.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. This paper presents a parametric study investigating the behavior of footings on sandy slope soil. Footings play a critical role in supporting various structures, especially when situated on slopes composed of sandy soil. The study seeks to assess how various factors such as setback distance, depth of slope, soil's angle of internal friction, and density impact the performance of footings in sandy slope environments. Through a numerical analysis using Plaxis 3D, the study explores the interactions between footings and sandy slope soil under varying conditions. The outcomes shed light on how these parameters influence bearing capacity, offering essential insights for professionals in geotechnical engineering facing similar project challenges.
Enhancing metro accessibility in Riyadh: Reviewing neighborhood planning to integrate walkable, pedestrian-friendly urban environment design
Authors: REZZOUG Aïssa
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The Riyadh Metro offers a significant opportunity to improve public transportation within the city. However, current pedestrian infrastructure creates challenges for residents to access metro stations, particularly during harsh weather conditions. This paper investigates the challenges and opportunities associated with improving metro accessibility in Riyadh, focusing on enhancing the pedestrian infrastructure to create a more walkable, pedestrian-friendly urban environment. The study identifies critical urban issues such as extreme weather conditions, lack of adequate sidewalks and pavements, and insufficient shading that impede access to metro stations. Leveraging the oversized dimensions of Riyadh's streets and integrating the ambitious Saudi Green Initiative (SGI) and the Green Riyadh Project, this paper proposes practical solutions to enhance pedestrian accessibility and comfort. Through a detailed case study of the metro station located at the intersection of Prince Mohammed ibn Salman ibn Abdulaziz Road and Uthman ibn Affan Road, covering An-Nada, Al-Wadi, Al-Falah, and Imam University Districts, the study highlights the significant barriers to pedestrian access and offers strategic recommendations to overcome these challenges. The proposed measures include widening sidewalks, planting shade trees, ensuring safe crossings, and implementing urban planning policies that prioritize pedestrian infrastructure. By addressing these issues, the paper aims to make metro usage more feasible and attractive, contributing to a more resilient, smart, and sustainable urban future in Riyadh. The findings and recommendations align with the broader objectives of the Saudi Vision 2030, promoting sustainable transportation and enhancing the quality of life for Riyadh's residents.
Effect of waste-based geopolymers on mechanical and geotechnical properties of expansive soil
Authors: KODAH Rasil
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Geopolymers are cementitious materials that are known for their eco-friendly properties. They have the unique ability to harden quickly, exhibit impressive strength, and show minimal shrinkage. Additionally, they have excellent resistance to both acidic and alkaline corrosion. The impressive qualities of this product offer long-lasting benefits in enhancing the strength, stability, and durability of the subgrade soils. The current study aims to investigate the use of Olive Waste Ash - Geopolymer (OWA-GP) as a sustainable and environmentally friendly substitute for cement in soil stabilization using unconfined compressive strength (UCS). To evaluate the geopolymer's UCS, various combinations of these materials were tested, along with alkalis (NaOH and Na2SiO3) in ratios (SS/SH; 1:2, 1:1, 3:2, 2:1), concentrations (5M, 10M, and 15M), and source material content (10%, 20%, and 30%) by weight of soil, with curing periods of 1, 7, and 28 days. OWA-GP (10M 3:2, 20%) achieved a maximum strength of 2.99 MPa after 28 days of curing. Geopolymers have been shown to outperform cement-stabilized soil and soil stabilized with cement. This demonstrates geopolymers' superiority over cement and the possibility of expanding their use as a sustainable method of soil and ground improvement.
Durability properties of self-compacting concrete developed using rice husk ash and sawdust ash as substitutes for cement and used engine oil as a chemical admixture
Authors: GORA Abdurra’uf M.
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This study uses used engine oil (UAO) as a chemical additive to examine the effects of rice husk ash (RHA) and sawdust ash (SDA) as cement substitutes on the durability characteristics of self-compacting concrete (SCC). Eight (8) distinct mixes were prepared and proportioned, with RHA replacing cement by weight at percentages of 0%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. In addition, SDA replaces cement ingredients concurrently by weight at 0% and 5% and with a constant UAO of 0.5%. The properties of fresh SCC concrete that contained RHA, SDA, and UEO were assessed, along with the concrete's water absorption capacity and compressive strength at 400 oC, 500 oC, and 600 oC. The results demonstrated that the workability and passing ability of the self-compacted concrete is greatly decreased when RHA and SDA are added to the concrete mixture. Potential modifications to the concrete's porosity and permeability were indicated by the effects of the addition of RHA, SDA, and UEO on its water absorption properties. Mix 3 exhibits the highest percentage of water absorption value (3.37%), while Mix 7 achieved the lowest value (1.27%). The results for compressive strength showed that the SCC mixes behaved differently at higher temperatures. Under normal temperature, the compressive strength varied between 28.83 N/mm2 and 36.6 N/mm2, with Mix 3 exhibiting the highest compressive strength relative to the control mix and Mix 8 exhibiting the lowest compressive strength. All mixtures showed a constant decrease in compressive strength as the temperature rose to 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C.
Early-age properties of silicomanganese fume and metakaolin-based cement mortar designed using RSM
Authors: NASIR Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Contemporary and viable construction needs have shifted the interest of research towards utilizing unconventional materials sourced from industrial wastes or by-products. In this paper, two locally available waste materials, namely silicomanganese fume (SMF) and metakaolin (MK) were used as a partial replacement to the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) to optimize their impact on the flow and early-age compressive strength by varying their dosages and calcination temperature employing a Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A total of 29 mortar mixes suggested by RSM were prepared by varying SMF and MK content (0 to 30%), SMF and MK temperature (ambient to 700°C) at a constant sand to binder ratio of 2 and the water-to-cement ratio of 0.4. The experimental responses were used in the program to optimize the studied parameters, analyze the data statistically and develop prediction models. It was discovered that the flow is favored by the synergistic effect of high-volume SMF with low calcination temperature or MK with high calcination temperature. On the other hand, early strength development is favored by high-volume MK with high calcination temperature or moderate-volume SMF with moderate calcination temperature. This study will help promote valorization of solid waste materials, minimize energy consumption, preserve natural resources, lower carbon footprints in the concrete sector and possibly attain reasonable technical advantages.
Flood Simulation using rainfall-runoff-inundation (RRI) model, over Tripoli City, Lebanon
Authors: ALZAATITI Fouadi
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Flood inundation modeling aims to minimize flood risks by providing a complete understanding of flood dynamics. This research evaluates the effectiveness of the Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (RRI) model in simulating flood inundation along the Abou Ali River in Tripoli, Lebanon during the flood events on 18 February 2018. The RRI model is a two-dimensional distributed hydrologic model that simulates rainfall, runoff and flood inundation processes simultaneously. The key inputs utilized in this study are: Topographical data acquired from HydroSHEDS, rainfall data obtained from the Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), soil data provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and land use/cover derived from the Sentinel-2 mission, a global dataset with a 10-meter resolution, which was generated by Impact Observatory, Microsoft, and Esri. The model performance is validated by comparing the findings to observed data, which reveals consistency in terms of discharge rates, flood extent and water depth. Moreover, the simulated hydrograph achieved a satisfactory calibration, reflected by a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.845 and a peak discharge rate of 39 m³/s nearly matching the real data. This research shows the effectiveness of the RRI model in simulating flood events in the Abou Ali River and highlights the significance of flood modeling in flood risk assessment and mitigation. This approach offers valuable insights for building efficient flood mitigation strategies in Lebanon.
Response surface methodology (RSM) for predicting and optimizing the pressure drop in submerged multi-jet electrolyte flow system
Authors: ALGHANNAM Yara Sami H.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Submerged multi-jet electrolyte flow systems require efficient design and operation to support a variety of industrial operations, including electrochemical machining and electroplating. In this work, we give a thorough analysis of the optimization and prediction of pressure drop in such systems through the use of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). First, under various operating conditions, experimental data are gathered from a prototype submerged multi-jet electrolyte flow configuration. Further, empirical models illustrating the connection between process factors and pressure drop are produced using the Response Surface Methodology. There is less than 0.2 discrepancy between the adjusted R² of 0.9988 and the expected R² of 0.9986, indicating a fair agreement in the pressure drop measurement. In submerged multi-jet electrolyte flow systems, the suggested methodology provides a methodical and effective way to forecast and optimize pressure drop. This allows for improved process performance and efficiency in industrial applications.
Low-cost, in-situ groundwater monitoring methodology for data-scarce regions
Authors: IBRAHIM Abba
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Groundwater is a vital resource for millions of people, especially in arid and semi-arid regions where surface water is scarce. Effective management of this resource requires accurate monitoring of groundwater levels. However, traditional monitoring methods are often costly and technically demanding, posing challenges in data-scarce regions. This study presents a low-cost, in-situ groundwater monitoring methodology tailored to northern Nigeria's Hadejia-Jama'are River Basin (HJRB). The methodology involves community engagement and the use of simple, affordable tools to collect reliable groundwater-level data. Over one-year, weekly measurements were taken from 42 shallow wells across the basin, capturing seasonal and spatial variations. Statistical analysis of the data reveals a significant degree of variability in groundwater levels, as reflected in standard deviations (SDs) ranging from 5.27 to 5.69 across the months of 2023. This variability is influenced by seasonal shifts, geographical differences in recharge rates, and the groundwater abstraction activities. Areas of higher SD highlight regions with more dynamic water table conditions, which could complicate water resource management and necessitate localized management strategies. This in-situ data are intended for future validation of remote sensing-based groundwater models, aiming to enhance the accuracy of large-scale groundwater monitoring. The study demonstrated the significance of integrating low-cost monitoring techniques with advanced technologies to improve water resource management in data-scarce regions. Understanding the variability in groundwater levels, as indicated by the SDs, will allow for more accurate calibration of remote sensing models and better resource allocation. Recommendations for future research include refining the methodology, expanding its application to other regions, and sustaining community engagement to ensure long-term success.
Role of energy services companies in promoting energy and environmental sustainability in the GCC Region
Authors: ILYAS Syed
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) play a vital role in enhancing energy efficiency and environmental sustainability in the oil-rich, Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. With high energy demand and abundant fossil fuel resources, the GCC faces sustainability challenges that ESCOs address by offering tailored energy solutions to public and private sector entities. Globally, the ESCO market has shown significant growth, with China commanding a dominant share and the US experiencing steady revenue growth between 2014 and 2018. Conversely, the ESCO market in Europe has seen relatively less development. This research adopts a literature review methodology to analyze ESCO practices, challenges, trends, and overviews within the GCC. Super-ESCOs like Etihad and Tarshid ESCO lead energy efficiency initiatives in Dubai and Saudi Arabia, respectively, reflecting a regional change towards sustainability. In the GCC, ESCOs face obstacles such as Lack of awareness, funding limitations, complex contracts, and client hesitancy, etc. Despite challenges, initiatives like Dubai's Etihad, Saudi Arabia's Tarshid, Ras Al-Khaimah’s RAK, Sharjah’s SEWA, Oman’s APSR, and Abu Dhabi’s ADES Energy Service’s ESCOs demonstrate tangible energy savings and CO2 reductions. This study aims to provide insights into ESCO dynamics, identify barriers, and highlight the importance of ESCOs in advancing energy efficiency in the GCC. Also, it reveals the critical role of ESCOs in addressing sustainability challenges and advancing energy diversification in the region.
The nexus between environmental degradation and social inequality: Intersecting crises
Authors: STRACHAN Laura M.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Increasing populations and industrial activities have led to the rise of environmental degradation globally. The impact of this destruction has not been evenly distributed across societies leaving the poor and disenfranchised to bear the brunt of unsustainable practices, climate change, and ecosystem demise. Historically, marginalized communities in addition to those living on the periphery primarily in less developed countries, have suffered the most from developed nations exploiting their lands for personal gain. In this presentation we will demonstrate how environmental degradation and social inequality are inextricably intertwined contributing to degraded health, minimized access to water, and displacement for millions of people around the world. The impact of the unequal exposure to environmental hazards, natural resource exploitation, and environmentally unfriendly extraction of resources has been at the expense of vulnerable communities. Additionally, this paper will show how it is these hardships that continue to exacerbate unhealthy conditions on the lands the disenfranchised depend upon. Holistic approaches that focus on the integration of social, economic, and environmental policies, international cooperation, promotion of environmental sustainability, and social justice will be offered as solutions for attaining sustainability that will benefit everyone including the marginalized. This paper contributes to the growing body of literature that questions sustainability and its effectiveness in achieving desired global goals.
Hannah Peaceman: Die Dialektik der Emanzipation
Authors: Thein Christian
Published: February 2025

Rezension zu: Hannah Peaceman: Die Dialektik der Emanzipation. Das Potential jüdischer Perspektiven für die politische Philosophie der Gegenwart (Klostermann 2022).
Daniel Loick: Die Überlegenheit der Unterlegenen. Eine Theorie der Gegengemeinschaften
Authors: Eichhorn Ivo
Published: February 2025

Rezension zu Daniel Loick, Die Überlegenheit der Unterlegenen. Eine Theorie der Gegengemeinschaften. Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2004.