bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human PNPase causes RNA stabilization and accumulation of R-loops in the Escherichia coli model system
Authors: Falchi Federica A. , Forti Francesca , Carnelli Cristina , Genco Aurelia , Pizzoccheri Roberto , Manzari Caterina , Pavesi Giulio , Briani Federica
Published: July 2023

Polyribonucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) is a phosphorolytic RNA exonuclease highly conserved throughout evolution. In Escherichia coli, PNPase controls complex phenotypic traits like biofilm formation and growth at low temperature. In human cells, PNPase is located in mitochondria, where it is implicated in the RNA import from the cytoplasm, the mitochondrial RNA degradation and the processing of R-loops, namely stable RNA–DNA hybrids displacing a DNA strand. In this work, we show that the human PNPase (hPNPase) expressed in E. coli causes oxidative stress, SOS response activation and R-loops accumulation. Hundreds of E. coli RNAs are stabilized in presence of hPNPase, whereas only few transcripts are destabilized. Moreover, phenotypic traits typical of E. coli strains lacking PNPase are strengthened in presence of the human enzyme. We discuss the hypothesis that hPNPase expressed in E. coli may bind, but not degrade, the RNA, in agreement with previous in vitro data showing that phosphate concentrations in the range of those found in the bacterial cytoplasm and, more relevant, in the mitochondria, inhibit its activity.
SU-Net: pose estimation network for non-cooperative spacecraft on-orbit
Authors: Gao Hu , Li Zhihui , Wang Ning , Yang Jingfan , Dang Depeng
Published: July 2023

The estimation of spacecraft pose is crucial in numerous space missions, including rendezvous and docking, debris removal, and on-orbit maintenance. Estimating the pose of space objects is significantly more challenging than that of objects on Earth, primarily due to the widely varying lighting conditions, low resolution, and limited amount of data available in space images. Our main proposal is a new deep learning neural network architecture, which can effectively extract orbiting spacecraft features from images captured by inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) for pose estimation of non-cooperative on orbit spacecraft. Specifically, our model enhances spacecraft imaging by improving image contrast, reducing noise, and using transfer learning to mitigate data sparsity issues via a pre-trained model. To address sparse features in spacecraft imaging, we propose a dense residual U-Net network that employs dense residual block to reduce feature loss during downsampling. Additionally, we introduce a multi-head self-attention block to capture more global information and improve the model’s accuracy. The resulting tightly interlinked architecture, named as SU-Net, delivers strong performance gains on pose estimation by spacecraft ISAR imaging. Experimental results show that we achieve the state of the art results, and the absolute error of our model is 0.128$$^{\circ }$$

∘

to 0.4491$$^{\circ }$$

∘

, the mean error is about 0.282$$^{\circ }$$

∘

, and the standard deviation is about 0.065$$^{\circ }$$

∘

. The code are released at https://github.com/Tombs98/SU-Net.
Development of cochlear spiral ligament fibrocytes of the common marmoset, a nonhuman model animal
Authors: Hosoya Makoto , Iwabu Kaho , Kitama Tsubasa , Nishiyama Takanori , Oishi Naoki , Okano Hideyuki , Ozawa Hiroyuki
Published: July 2023

Spiral ligament fibrocytes generate potassium gradients, which hair cells require to convert mechanical sound waves into electrical palsy. Together with the stria vascularis, they regulate endolymph electrolyte homeostasis. Developing spiral ligament fibrocytes and generating endocochlear potential with an appropriate endolymph ion composition are essential for hearing. Understanding spiral ligament fibrocyte development is useful for studying age-related and genetic hearing loss, as well as for regenerative therapy and cochlear immunology. Despite interspecies differences, most studies of cochlear development have been conducted in rodent models due to the difficulty of using human fetal samples. This study investigated the cochlear development of spiral ligament fibrocytes in a small New World monkey species, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). We examined the developmental expression of specific genes in spiral ligament fibrocytes, including those essential for the generation of endolymphatic potential. Our results showed that this animal model of spiral ligament fibrocyte development is similar to that of humans and is a suitable alternative for the analysis of human cochlear development. The time course established in this study will be useful for studying the primate-specific developmental biology of the inner ear, which may lead to novel treatment strategies for human hearing loss.
No association between genetic markers and hypertension control in multiple cross-sectional studies
Authors: Chekanova Valeriya , Vaucher Julien , Marques-Vidal Pedro
Published: July 2023

We aimed to assess whether genetic markers are associated with hypertension control using two cross-sectional surveys conducted in Lausanne, Switzerland. Management of hypertension was assessed as per ESC guidelines using the 140/90 or the 130/80 mm Hg thresholds. One genetic risk score (GRS) for hypertension (18 SNPs) and 133 individual SNPs related to response to specific antihypertensive drugs were tested. We included 1073 (first) and 1157 (second survey) participants treated for hypertension. The prevalence of controlled participants using the 140/90 threshold was 58.8% and 63.6% in the first and second follow-up, respectively. On multivariable analysis, only older age was consistently and negatively associated with hypertension control. No consistent associations were found between GRS and hypertension control (140/90 threshold) for both surveys: Odds ratio and (95% confidence interval) for the highest vs. the lowest quartile of the GRS: 1.06 (0.71–1.58) p = 0.788, and 1.11 (0.71–1.72) p = 0.657, in the first and second survey, respectively. Similar findings were obtained using the 130/80 threshold: 1.23 (0.79–1.90) p = 0.360 and 1.09 (0.69–1.73) p = 0.717, in the first and second survey, respectively. No association between individual SNPs and hypertension control was found. We conclude that control of hypertension is poor in Switzerland. No association between GRS or SNPs and hypertension control was found.
The IMPACT framework and implementation for accessible in silico clinical phenotyping in the digital era
Authors: Wen Andrew , He Huan , Fu Sunyang , Liu Sijia , Miller Kurt , Wang Liwei , Roberts Kirk E. , Bedrick Steven D. , Hersh William R. , Liu Hongfang
Published: July 2023

Clinical phenotyping is often a foundational requirement for obtaining datasets necessary for the development of digital health applications. Traditionally done via manual abstraction, this task is often a bottleneck in development due to time and cost requirements, therefore raising significant interest in accomplishing this task via in-silico means. Nevertheless, current in-silico phenotyping development tends to be focused on a single phenotyping task resulting in a dearth of reusable tools supporting cross-task generalizable in-silico phenotyping. In addition, in-silico phenotyping remains largely inaccessible for a substantial portion of potentially interested users. Here, we highlight the barriers to the usage of in-silico phenotyping and potential solutions in the form of a framework of several desiderata as observed during our implementation of such tasks. In addition, we introduce an example implementation of said framework as a software application, with a focus on ease of adoption, cross-task reusability, and facilitating the clinical phenotyping algorithm development process.
Single-cell sequencing reveals the landscape of the human brain metastatic microenvironment
Authors: Song Qianqian , Ruiz Jimmy , Xing Fei , Lo Hui-Wen , Craddock Lou , Pullikuth Ashok K. , Miller Lance D. , Soike Michael H. , O’Neill Stacey S. , Watabe Kounosuke , Chan Michael D. , Su Jing
Published: July 2023

Brain metastases is the most common intracranial tumor and account for approximately 20% of all systematic cancer cases. It is a leading cause of death in advanced-stage cancer, resulting in a five-year overall survival rate below 10%. Therefore, there is a critical need to identify effective biomarkers that can support frequent surveillance and promote efficient drug guidance in brain metastasis. Recently, the remarkable breakthroughs in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology have advanced our insights into the tumor microenvironment (TME) at single-cell resolution, which offers the potential to unravel the metastasis-related cellular crosstalk and provides the potential for improving therapeutic effects mediated by multifaceted cellular interactions within TME. In this study, we have applied scRNA-seq and profiled 10,896 cells collected from five brain tumor tissue samples originating from breast and lung cancers. Our analysis reveals the presence of various intratumoral components, including tumor cells, fibroblasts, myeloid cells, stromal cells expressing neural stem cell markers, as well as minor populations of oligodendrocytes and T cells. Interestingly, distinct cellular compositions are observed across different samples, indicating the influence of diverse cellular interactions on the infiltration patterns within the TME. Importantly, we identify tumor-associated fibroblasts in both our in-house dataset and external scRNA-seq datasets. These fibroblasts exhibit high expression of type I collagen genes, dominate cell-cell interactions within the TME via the type I collagen signaling axis, and facilitate the remodeling of the TME to a collagen-I-rich extracellular matrix similar to the original TME at primary sites. Additionally, we observe M1 activation in native microglial cells and infiltrated macrophages, which may contribute to a proinflammatory TME and the upregulation of collagen type I expression in fibroblasts. Furthermore, tumor cell-specific receptors exhibit a significant association with patient survival in both brain metastasis and native glioblastoma cases. Taken together, our comprehensive analyses identify type I collagen-secreting tumor-associated fibroblasts as key mediators in metastatic brain tumors and uncover tumor receptors that are potentially associated with patient survival. These discoveries provide potential biomarkers for effective therapeutic targets and intervention strategies.
Gapless fermionic excitation in the antiferromagnetic state of ytterbium zigzag chain
Authors: Hori Fumiya , Kinjo Katsuki , Kitagawa Shunsaku , Ishida Kenji , Mizutani Souichiro , Yamamoto Rikako , Ohmagari Yudai , Onimaru Takahiro
Published: July 2023

The emergence of charge-neutral fermionic excitations in magnetic systems is one of the unresolved issues in recent condensed matter physics. This type of excitations has been observed in various systems, such as low-dimensional quantum spin liquids, Kondo insulators, and antiferromagnetic insulators. Here, we report the presence of a pronounced gapless spin excitation in the low-temperature antiferromagnetic state of YbCuS2 semiconductor, where trivalent ytterbium atoms form a zigzag chain structure. We confirm the presence of this gapless excitations by a combination of experimental probes, namely 63/65Cu-nuclear magnetic resonance and nuclear quadrupole resonance, as well as specific heat measurements, revealing a linear low-temperature behavior of both the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T1 and the specific heat. This system provides a platform to investigate the origin of gapless excitations in spin chains and the relationship between emergent fermionic excitations and frustration.
Practices of climate responsibility
Authors: Moos Thorsten , Arndt Megan
Published: July 2023

In the context of climate protection, the notion of responsibility is regularly invoked to address individuals and collectives as liable to urgent climate action. The article argues for an understanding of responsibility not only as a normative (and counterfactual) concept but also as a social practice. As an analytical tool to examine the complex social reality of responsibility, the concept of responsibility practices is introduced. Following four constitutive dimensions of responsibility, this approach allows for studying how responsibility is negotiated between individual and collective subjects, how the scope of responsibility is adjusted between local and global foci, what values (e.g., economical, political, and moral norms) are invoked, and towards which internal, external or virtual authorities responsibility is addressed. As an example, carbon offsetting programs are analyzed as bundles of practices of attributing, negotiating, and refusing responsibility. This praxeological account is useful to complement psychological and behavioral economy approaches to the knowledge-action gap. Especially, it facilitates the empirical consideration of denying, avoiding, and delegating responsibility. It can be expected that research on responsibility practices will contribute to a more realistic concept of climate responsibility.
Caffeic acid supplementation ameliorates intestinal injury by modulating intestinal microbiota in LPS-challenged piglets
Authors: Wen Xiaobin , Wan Fan , Wu You , Liu Lei , Liu Yueping , Zhong Ruqing , Chen Liang , Zhang Hongfu
Published: July 2023

CA supplementation could enhance intestinal integrity and barrier function by modifying intestinal microbiota and its metabolites, which could lead to a reduction in inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in LPS-challenged piglets.
A new strategy to exploit maximum rate performance for aqueous batteries through a judicious selection of MOF-type electrodes
Authors: Nakamoto Kosuke , Bai Junwen , Zhao Minyan , Sakamoto Ryo , Zhao Liwei , Ito Masato , Okada Shigeto , Yamamoto Eiji , Murayama Haruno , Tokunaga Makoto
Published: July 2023

[Zn(dmpz)2NDI]n-MOF serves as a high rate capable anode for aqueous batteries thanks to its large pores. K+-based aqueous electrolytes may exploit its maximum rate performance, possibly because its hydrated ions can move freely in the electrode.
Enzyme and pH dual responsive linear-dendritic block copolymer micelles based on a phenylalanyl–lysine motif and peripherally ketal-functionalized dendron as potential drug carriers
Authors: Wang Yujia , Song Wenjie , Bao Lijun , Wei Junwu , Qian Yangyang , Bi Yunmei
Published: July 2023

Phe–Lys dipeptide-linked amphiphilic LDBCs with ketal peripheries can serve as enzyme and pH dual responsive drug carriers with excellent biocompatibility.
Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to acetic acid on a Cu–Au modified boron-doped diamond electrode with a flow-cell system
Authors: Saprudin Millati H. , Jiwanti Prastika K. , Saprudin Deden , Sanjaya Afiten R. , Putri Yulia M. T. A. , Einaga Yasuaki , Ivandini Tribidasari A.
Published: July 2023

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) was modified with copper and gold particles by using an electrodeposition technique to improve its catalytic effect on CO2 reduction in a flow system.
A large-area multi-finger β-Ga2O3 MOSFET and its self-heating effect
Authors: Zhou Xuanze , Xu Guangwei , Long Shibing
Published: July 2023

The self-heating effect severely limits device performance and reliability. Although some studies have revealed the heat distribution of β-Ga2O3 MOSFETs under biases, those devices all have small areas and have difficulty reflecting practical conditions. This work demonstrated a multi-finger β-Ga2O3 MOSFET with a maximum drain current of 0.5 A. Electrical characteristics were measured, and the heat dissipation of the device was investigated through infrared images. The relationship between device temperature and time/bias is analyzed.
Mechanical and Chemical Management of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa L.) Pests in the Bireuen District of Aceh Province
Authors: Andrian J , Priyambodo S , Dadang
Published: July 2023

The agricultural sector, including food crops, plantations, fisheries, livestock, and forestry, plays an essential role in the development of the national economy development. The infestation of pests, diseases, and weeds is one of the constraints to obtaining optimal crop production. One of the major pest, especially on estate crops, is wild boar (Sus scrofa L.). The damage caused to plantation commodities, especially those bordering the forest, is very significant. Therefore, it needs to be controlled. The objectives of this research were to study: Food bait preference, mechanical control using hook bait and snare trap, and chemical control using zinc phosphide as acute poison. This research was designed using block randomized experimental design to treat of baits (banana fruit, jackfruit, and cassava) and treatment villages (Puuek and Jambo Dalam in Peulimbang District; Blang Beururu and Ara Bungong in Peudada District). Data were analyzed using Minitab v. 16 for windows 8, then analyzed using the Tukey test at a level of α=5%. Consumption of wild boar in Blang Beururu Village was the lowest and significantly different from the other three villages. Bait preference trial showed that wild boar consumed more cassava in Peulimbang and more jackfruit in Peudada. Jackfruit, cassava, and banana baits were consumed in the same amount. Therefore, we used cassava for the subsequent trial. Wild boar consumed poison bait and hooked bait in Peudada higher than in Peulimbang. Poison bait, hook bait, and control were consumed simultaneously at the same amount. Wild boar was caught by snare trap more in Peulimbang than in Peudada.
Detection and identification of viruses associated to mealybug wilt pineapple in Blitar, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Valentino H , Damayanti T A , Nurulita S , Kurniawati F , Sartiami D , Harahap I S , Mubin N , Basuki M , Ratdiana  , Aziz R
Published: July 2023

Pineapple is one of the essential export commodities in Indonesia. However, its production is constrained by pathogen infections, including viruses. Recently, a field surveyed at a pineapple production area in Blitar regency found virus-like symptoms such as leaf reddish intermingle with chlorosis and necrotic leaf tips with incidence up to 50% on clone 7350. However, until present, the genetic identity of causal viruses has been limitedly available in Indonesia. The study aimed to detect and identify the virus species associated with mealybug wilt pineapple (MWP) in Blitar regency. Total RNA was extracted and detected by one-step RT-PCR using a universal primer of Ampelovirus, a specific primer of pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus (PMWaV) 1 and 2, and confirmed by DNA sequencing. The PMWaV-1 and PMWaV-2 were successfully amplified by specific primers, while by Ampelovirus universal primers negatively amplified any DNA. It confirmed that the causal virus is associated with corresponding symptoms only by PMWaV-1 and -2 on clone 7350. Based on partial sequences of the HSP70 gene confirmed the existence of both species. The identity of PMWaV-1 Blitar isolates showed the highest similarity of nucleotide and amino acid to isolates from Taiwan, Mexico, and Ghana. The PMWaV-2 Blitar isolates showed the highest similarity to isolates from Taiwan, Mauritius, Cuba, and Ghana. The highly incidence of MWP suggests that cultivating virus-free vegetative propagation will become the best strategy to manage the viruses in the fields.
Effect of installation time and mesh size of fruit wrapping to scab symptoms on Cavendish banana
Authors: Kristiyani K A , Nurulalia L , Maryana N
Published: July 2023

Cavendish is a popular banana cultivar in Indonesia. The cultivation is often disturbed by pests and diseases. Nacoleia octasema is a pest that causes scab symptoms on bananas. One of the methods to prevent scab symptoms is fruit wrapping. This research aimed to study the effect of installation time and mesh size of fruit wrapping on the damage level of the N. octasema attack and determine the right combination of installation time and mesh size to prevent N. octasema attacks on Cavendish. There were nine combination treatments of the fruit wrapping. The damage level of N. octasema was obtained by calculating the fruit attacked to the total number of bananas in one bunch. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by the ScootKnott Test (α=0.05) in RStudio. The lowest average damage level was found in the combination of wrapping treatments when the new banana heart appeared with ten mesh wrappers (A1B2). Meanwhile, the highest was in the combination of wrapping treatments at the first banana heart blooms with five mesh wrappers (A3B3). Results showed that 0–7 days after anthesis (A1) is the best time to wrap the fruits, while 18 mesh (B1) is the best size for fruit wrappers.
Review of species, host plants, and distribution of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat P , Adilah N B , Maryana N , Suputa
Published: July 2023

Fruit flies are one of the most important pests in horticulture worldwide. As one of the mega biodiversity countries, Indonesia is home to a high biodiversity of insects, including fruit flies. The information on species, host plants, and distribution of fruit flies is crucial. Still, that kind of information in Indonesia is not easy to be found and is scattered in many forms of publications such as books, journals, research reports, etc. This review aimed to gather and analyze various information on fruit flies reported in all islands across Indonesia. The study was done by collecting data from various resources, analyzing the information, and interpreting the results. There are 280 fruit fly species consisting of 29 reported from all islands in Indonesia. Most of the fruit flies reported in Indonesia were polyphagous. As many as 145 species from 50 families of plants were reported as the hosts of fruit flies, and most (70%) are horticultural plants. The highest number of species was recorded in Java, Sulawesi, and Sumatra islands. This review provides one-stop essential information on fruit flies in Indonesia, which is very useful for biologists, entomologists, as well as practitioners of plant protection.
Effectiveness of Homemade Repellents and Spray Timing in Controlling Insect Pest in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and Chinese Mustard (Brassica rapa var. Parachinensis)
Authors: Norida M , Yahya S S , Ghazali F
Published: July 2023

Pest is primary main destructive agents in fruits and vegetable production that impact the quality and its production. Insect pests are the most ruinous agents that attack vegetable plants. Use of chemical pesticides has become extensive to reduce the losses. However, synthetic pesticides can have adverse effects on the environment and human if applied without proper training in pesticide application. One of the alternative ways to control pests that are environmentally safe and cost effective is by using natural repellents. However, there are little study conducted on the application method regarding the effectiveness of the natural repellent in controlling pest. Hence, the present experiment was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of neem fermentation and the combination solution of garlic, chili and ginger and its spray timing in controlling pest on Abelmoschus esculentus and Brassica rapa. There are two different application times, which are early morning 8-9 a.m. and the late evening which is between 6-7 p.m. The parameters collected were severity of pest infestation, number of pests infected in each treatment, and the yield of okra and mustard. Data were analysed using ANOVA and mean comparison using LSD. The result show that for both okra and mustard treated with neem can control insect attacks most effectively, followed by mixture of chili, garlic, and ginger. Between application times of natural plant repellent, spraying in late evening showed the most efficient in controlling pest attack, compared to spray in the early morning.
The sublethal doses effect on controlling of the nettle caterpillar Setothosea asigna (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) on oil palm plantation
Authors: Rozziansha T A P , Lubis Ardi Juliansyah Putra , Fitria
Published: July 2023

The nettle caterpillar, Setothosea asigna, is a major pest in an oil palm plantation in North Sumatra, which causes severe defoliation and reduces productivity. Controlling this pest commonly uses Pyrethroids insecticides, but dimehypo was also used when controlling bagworms and nettle caterpillars in the exact location. The sublethal doses were reported to decrease pest mortality. The study aimed to determine the effect of dimehypo sublethal doses on mortality and pupae acceleration of Setothosea asigna. This study used five doses of treatments using the fogging technique, i.e., 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ml/ha, and untreated were tested following a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications. The results showed that the sublethal doses (50, 100, 150, and 200 ml/ha) had low mortality reached 58.33-62.50%, and the efficacy value reached 52.38-57.14% in seven days after application. The lethal dose (250 ml/ha) has 100% mortality seven days after application, and the efficacy value reaches 80.95% in five days. The sublethal doses of 50, 100, and 150 ml/ha showed an acceleration in the Setothosea asigna pupation on three days and doses of 200 ml/ha on five days from the untreated treatment. This founding could be the reason for Setothosea asigna’s overlapping populations and prolonged the pest outbreak.
The abundance of gall fly Cecidochares connexa as biocontrol agent of Chromolaena odorata in several habitat types
Authors: Pradana M G , Aulia M I , Rozziansha T A P , Nasution U , Asmanizar A
Published: July 2023

Chromolaena odorata is one of the weeds which cause a problem in agricultural land, plantations and livestock. Chemical control is considered incapable of controlling the weeds because the sprayed C. odorata stems are still challenging to eradicate. The introduction of the gall fly Cecidochares connexa (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Colombia as a biological control agent was released in 1993 at North Sumatra. This study aimed to know the population level of C. connexa at three different habitats i.e oil palm plantation, agriculture, and urban area. The field study was done by collecting C. odorata for each location then collected weeds observed at laboratory. The data observation were a number of C. odotara, percentage of infected weed and percentage of the adult emerge. The results showed that the oil palm area had the highest number of C. odorata weeds and C. connexa adults compared to agricultural and urban area. Contrastingly, the agricultural area showed the lowest number of the gall fly. There were two parasitoids found in this study, Braconidae sp.1 and Ormyridae sp.1.
Chitosan-based fruit coating as postharvest treatments on two pineapples (Ananas comosus L. Merr) clones
Authors: Fahmi P M , Widodo S E , Karyanto A , Waluyo S
Published: July 2023

Production of fresh pineapple fruit is dominated by the MD2 clone, while the GP3 clone is used as canned fruit. To be promoted as fresh fruit, the GP3 has some defects, namely a less sweet taste and sensitivity to internal browning (IB) disorders. The clones need fruit coatings, and the two might get responded differently. This study aimed to study the effects of chitosan-based fruit coating mixed with palm stearin and Aloe vera gel on the fruit qualities of the two clones, as well as to seek the potential of the GP3 clone as a fresh fruit. The study used 2 x 4 factorials. The first factor was two clones (GP3 and MD2). The second factor was fruit coatings (control, chitosan, palm stearin + chitosan, and Aloe vera gel + chitosan). The fruits were stored at 7 °C. The results showed that the GP3 started to show the incidence of IB disorders on the 21st day, 2 weeks earlier than the MD2. The MD2 showed a °Brix of 16.82% and vitamin C of 391.45 mg/L, which were significantly higher than the GP3. Meanwhile, the GP3 showed 0.60% acidity, which was significantly higher than the MD2. These indicated that the GP3 should not be used for fresh fruit consumption, mainly because of its sensitivity to IB and lower sweetness compared to the MD2 clone. The chitosan treatment, which was added with Aloe vera or palm stearin, showed a higher vitamin C value than the other treatments.
Can boron application increase the starch content in cassava roots?
Authors: Hadi M S , Hidayat R , Setiawan K , Sarno
Published: July 2023

Boron is one of the essential micronutrients that is important for cassava growth, one of which is in the formation of starch, but research on the effect of boron on cassava plants is still rarely reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to know the effect of boron application on cassava starch content. The experiment was conducted in Tanjung Bintang District, South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province from February to December 2020. Waxy clone cassava was used as planting material and 45% boric acid fertilizer as treatment material. There were five boron treatments (B0 (0 kg boron ha-1), B1 (0.31 kg boron ha−1), B2 (0.63 kg boron ha−1), B3 (0.94 kg boron ha−1), and B4 (1.26 kg boron ha−1)) applied to waxy clone cassava. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with 3 replicates. The results showed that treatment B2 showed the average weight of cassava roots is 2.15 kg/plant and starch content is 23.83%. Treatment B2 also showed the highest mean of those two variables compared to other treatments.
Detection of early harvest cassava clone through plant height development and starch content in dry land of Lampung
Authors: Ardian  , Setiawan K , Noerwijati K , Utomo S D , Yelli F , Syaifudin A , Sungkono
Published: July 2023

Lampung is one the biggest areas for planting cassava in Indonesia, approximately 119 thousand ha with a productivity of 26 tons/ha. Optimum harvest time for cassava high yield could be 10-12 months after planting (MAP). However, most farmers used to harvest cassava around 7 MAP leading to low yield. This condition needs to introduce early age of harvest cassava to achieve the alternative solution. The objective of this study were to evaluate the growth characteristics of early cassava harvest for high yield. Treatment were arranged by a single factor in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Factors were 12 cassava clones as CMR 51-61-1, CMR 51-48-17, CMR 51-48-16, UJ-3, UJ-5, Vamas, Adira, CMR 51-07-03, OMM 0806-57, CMR 51-06-16, MC 6.10.311, and Litbang UK2. In this study, the variables measured included plant height, root fresh weight, starch content, and starch yield. Result indicated that the Vamas clone had relatively low plant height. At 7 MAP, the Vamas clone showed high starch content compared to the UJ-3 clone. Low plant height and starch content could be used to detect early-harvest cassava clones at harvest of 7 MAP.
Heterosis analysis of F1 progenies derived from IS21 × MR220CL2 and IS21 × UKMRC16 crossing combinations
Authors: Ahmad F , Hisham S N , Yusof S N , Ahmad M S , Hasan N A , Hassan A A , Sukiran N L , Bhuiyan A R , Hussein S , Harun A R , Shamsudin N A A
Published: July 2023

A new high-yielding mutant rice cultivar, IS21, has been released by the Malaysian Nuclear Agency (MNA) in 2021. This cultivar matures in 105-108 days after transplanting. Since there is a need to reduce days to maturity (DTM) in most Malaysian rice mega-varieties to minimise the impacts of abiotic and biotic stresses, crossing IS21 with early maturing rice genotypes could be an efficient strategy to address these issues. Preliminary screening has successfully identified two early maturing and shorter plant statue rice genotypes, MR220CL2 and UKMRC16. Therefore, these rice genotypes were crossed to IS21 to generate two F1 populations. These F1 populations (IS21 × MR220CL2 and IS21 × UKMRC16) were planted in the MNA glasshouse with parental lines from December 2021 to March 2022. The agro-morphological data for F1 populations and parental lines were recorded and analysed using the RStudio software package. The putative F1 progenies were confirmed using two polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) SSR markers, RM628 and RM140. About 75% of the putative F1 are F1 hybrids. IS21 × MR220CL2 F1 progenies showed better morpho-agronomical performances compared to IS21 × UKMRC16 F1 progenies. This crossing combination also had positive mid-parents and better parent heterosis values of all evaluated traits except for thousand-grain weight, days to flowering and DTM. This study suggested the potential use of IS21 x MR220CL2 F1 progenies for rice breeding programmes with high-yielding and early maturity traits.
Correlation of Hg-N on ex-gold mining soil ameliorated with Sub-Bituminous coal and activation of Sub-Bituminous coal–NaOH
Authors: Maulana A , Harianti M , Prasetyo T B , Herviyanti
Published: July 2023

Mercury (Hg) contamination has become a serious threat to ecosystems. Amelioration technology for soil is expected to control the specific interactions between N in ex-gold mining soil contaminated with Hg. This research aimed to analyze the interaction of Hg-N on ex-gold mining soil ameliorated with sub-bituminous coal and the activation of sub-bituminous coal with 10% NaOH. The experimental design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The treatment I (Sub-bituminous coal) and II [activation of Sub-bituminous coal with 10% NaOH) was implemented in the pot with equivalent doses, respectively: (A) 0 [0g 100g-1 soil], (B) 10 [0.5g 100g-1 soil], (C) 20 [1g 100g-1 soil], (D) 30 [1.5g 100g-1 soil], and (E) 40 t ha-1 [2.0g 100g-1 soil]. The correlation between total Hg with total Nl on ex-gold mining soil ameliorated with sub-bituminous coal [r = -0.889** or Hg = -9.9794 (N) + 6.9097; R2 = 0.9222] and activation of sub-bituminous coal with 10% NaOH [r = -0.835** or Hg = -4.3111 (N) + 6.4265; R2 = 0.8156]. Amelioration technology on ex-gold mining land with sub-bituminous coal and activation of sub-bituminous coal with 10% NaOH can reduce the total Hg by 2.50 and 2.84 mg kg-1 and also increase the total N by 0.23 % and 0.53% respectively, compared to control.
An Evaluation of Parking Facilities on Selected Shopping Complexes in Minna, Nigeria to Achieve Sustainability
Authors: Dada Abubakar Dauda , Ayuba Philip , Dachi Hassan Shedrack
Published: July 2023

Shopping complex is a collection of spaces that offer different types of services to the public including selling and buying of daily needs. A shopping complex is expected to possess adequate parking facilities in order to ease the movement of its occupants and increase the productivity of the staff, thereby ensuring conducive shopping activities. On the other hand, the parking structures comprise one of the largest land uses in modern cities which make them functionally inefficient. Conventional parking method is one of the most difficult barriers to achieve sustainability. So, a great attention is being paid upon the creation of smaller, high-density, low-energy and more eco-friendly parking facilities. Due to the incessant growth of shopping complexes in and around Minna metropolis, there seems to be not only inadequate parking facilities around such shopping complexes. But, the facilities also follow unsustainable development approaches which results in inefficient usage and wastage of the energy. These inadequate parking facilities make users to park their vehicles indiscriminately which in turn causes discomfort and accidents while moving in and around the perimeter of the complexes. Moreover, other pressing issues include the lack of greenery and the use of non-permeable paving which resulted in unsustainable solutions in the creation of an environmental-friendly area. In this background, the current research article evaluates the parking facilities within the complexes from a sustainability point of perspective. The aim of the research is to develop practical solutions for better applications. For this purpose, the data was collected through personal observations in order to analyze the parking facilities in the shopping complexes located in the study area. The results infer that there is a lack of law enforcement by the professionals in the built environment in terms of implementing the planning standards and building laws for sustainable development. Conclusions and recommendations are made in this paper for the architect and other allied professionals to design the shopping complexes with an emphasis on parking spaces. Both design and planning of the parking spaces should be given adequate consideration by the approval body in Minna prior to the approval of any shopping complex.
A Study on Thermal and Acoustic comfort in an Institutional Building
Authors: Vidhushini R , Rajkumar Surya , Horrison Ebin
Published: July 2023

The indoor environment in educational buildings like schools and colleges need to provide a healthy atmosphere to encourage the students towards learning and improve their productivity. In educational buildings, both thermal and acoustical comfort depend on the site and there exists a relationship among buildings, open spaces, building design with external factors and also its interior design. The aim of the current paper is to study the thermal and acoustic principles in detail and analyze the factors that impact the occupant’s health and comfort by field study method in a school building. Both thermal and acoustical factors that influence the occupants’ health and comfort are highlighted in this study and prioritized for necessary enhancements in the school building. A central board school building was identified for the study and the paper discusses about the site features and building design. For this study, the field data was recorded during 2019. Based on the data collected, analysis was conducted on the influencing factors on thermal and acoustical comfort of the school building. The methodology of the work includes an understanding about the influencing factors of thermal and acoustical comfort with documentation of the school building design, field study measurements in the identified school building and analysing the building design with field measurements on thermal and acoustical factors in school building. The field study measurements were recorded using a Thermo-anemometer and a data logger to collect the data on temperature, humidity and wind speed. Subjective analysis was conducted about comfort and noise level among the students aged between 9 and 16 using a questionnaire survey. The opportunities for improving the occupants’ well being and comfort include various measures that are listed herewith; appropriate shading of the windows that can reduce the heat transfer into the building; well-channelized air movement into the indoor environment to improve the occupants’ comfort; and replacing the paved surfaces with grasscrete or aligning the axis path with shrubs to reduce the radiation towards the indoor surfaces. On the other hand, the selection of the appropriate building materials for wall construction provides an oppurtunity to increase the indoor environmental quality. It can also act as insulation to reduce the noise level in the classrooms.
Layout and Daylight Optimization of a Residential Module using Syntactic Design Strategies
Authors: Aadithya V. , Dutta S. , Amalan Sigmund Kaushik S.
Published: July 2023

Rapid urbanization in developing countries has residential units suffering from inadequate daylighting and inefficient space utilization. As technology advances, buildings are more likely to be mass-manufactured using various prefabrication techniques and modular principles. The conventional strategy mainly prioritizes building services and market economics resulting in light-intensive spaces getting locked into the unit at the cost of visual comfort. This approach also increases energy demand due to poorly lit rooms. This research intends to mix syntactic design strategies while using relevant daylighting standards as a basis for design. This method makes it easier to filter out desirable plans from a generated sample set. It involves employing the space syntax theory by using tools like Rhino, Grasshopper, and Syntactic, among other software plug-ins, to generate layouts while integrating daylighting norms, functionality, modularity, and user preference into the process. In this approach, several configurations can be generated by adding, joining, and moving spaces according to their proximity to neighbouring areas and spatial needs. For this study, a tropical Indian context is taken, with the spatial requirements of an average dwelling unit in an apartment as the reference scheme. Being wholly automated and flexible allows for the accommodation of plan changes without redesigning the layout manually. This method provides the end-user with options filtered out to optimize functionality and visual comfort. With enhanced modularity and customization of unit plans, end-users would select their apartment unit configuration. Future residents of high-density living areas would have better-daylit options to pick from based on their requirements and liking.
The influence of smart technologies: A comparative study on developing Large to small scale smart cities and smart campuses.
Authors: Afaneh Ahmad , Alshafei Islam
Published: July 2023

Recently, urban growth has become a major concern, and it will remain so in the coming years as the majority of individuals living in cities expand. As a result, urban planning must devise answers to the difficulties that inevitably arise as a result of this indisputable rapid urbanization. From this perspective, this study will be looking at how smart information and communication technology (ICT) might help to improve eco-social and environmental sustainability within urban contexts.The purpose of this article is to perform a broad examination of how ICT can contribute to the creation of a large scale smart city to a small scale smart campus. Within its descriptive narrative approach, the study presents an overview of real cases. The study will conclude in setting a comparative between small to large scale smart city motivations through the lessons learned from the overviewed cases. Towards bringing an understanding of the approaches taken towards transforming existing urban contexts of several scales into a sustainable scheme, and sustaining smart into them for short to long term planning and implementation benefits.
Study on the application of reuse and recyclable materials in designing the regional commercial interior spaces
Authors: Mrinalini A , Sasidhar Kumudhavalli , Jayanthi D
Published: July 2023

The environmental crisis experienced by the world today has created an awareness about the need for sustainability in building industry. Both materials and the technology, used by the designer, affect the environment directly or indirectly. Hence, it is the responsibility of a designer to choose and use the materials that tend to leave a smaller carbon footprint. The objective of the current study is to explore the potentials of using the reusable and recyclable materials and how these can be incorporated in designing the interior spaces. The methodology of the study is in two folds, firstly the types, sources and applications of reuse and recycled materials, issues and limitations in using the reuse and recyclable materials is studied through secondary data. Secondly, the net cases and live cases of the interior projects that adopted the application of reuse and recycled materials are studied and analysed to understand the potentials of using these materials and how it is incorporated in designing the interior spaces. This study is limited only to commercial interiors. The outcome of the study will help the research community to understand about the application of these materials in commercial interiors. This way, the design can be developed in a sustainable manner in terms of cost and aesthetic appeal for a sustainable future.
Analysis of shift in aspects of Cultural Sustainability in built environment
Authors: Haripriya T K
Published: July 2023

The relevance of sustainability is reflected a lot in today’s scenario. Due to this, Sustainability has become a multi-faceted concept, which not only focuses on energy conservation but also respect to culture. Cultural sustainability involves preservation and conservation of various built cultural archetypes which already exist, with a concern of continuity of the culture and beliefs of an area. It is a debatable topic, whether cultural sustainability can be considered as fourth pillar of sustainability (Environment, Social and Economic being the other three). Even though it is mostly accepted, the extent of implementation of the same in the present scenario is questionable. An area without its history or culture loses its uniqueness and identification, for which cultural sustainability is very important in an area. This research paper is an attempt to explore the contribution of culture as possible fourth dimension of sustainability and an integral part of environmental, economic, social dimensions of sustainable development. This article also aims to understand the various aspects contributing to cultural sustainability and briefs upon the need for the same.
Necessity over luxury: The Role of Green Infrastructure in Building Resilience in the Pandemic World
Authors: Alshafei Islam , Faqra Avy
Published: July 2023

Urban communities around the world are facing sudden acute stress associated with the effects of the Covid19 pandemic, making them more vulnerable to dealing with trauma and shock. Cities need to be able to remain stable function in the event of stress. This can be achieved if the local resources are best-networked and utilized. To this end, urban planning must integrate appropriate GI such as urban agriculture and community gardens that can increase the adaptability of the city. As a result, the role of GI and its implementation need to be revisited to encourage a culture of resilient communities. In this framework, this paper promotes healthy human and natural systems in urban environments, while providing the most valuable and necessary ecosystem services delivered by GI to build community resilience, such as community gardens. Examine the role of community-based GI for an era where lush cities and the luxury of public spaces do not provide enough positive value to people currently affected by the pandemic. To that end, this study is a descriptive comparison of stories to understand the relationship between community resilience and resilient cities through GI. The study will highlight cases of communities that failed or raised during pandemic, concluding in a set of lessons and recommendations for the development of community resiliency within urban environments.
Criterias for the formation of large ore deposits in Uzbekistan
Authors: Sidorova I P , Saxobidinov R I , Golovko E A
Published: July 2023

The article presents new data on the study of ore deposits in Uzbekistan in recent years in the laboratory “Structure of the lithosphere”. Based on the complex of regional geophysical data, a three-dimensional geological and geophysical analysis of the relief, basement and Mohorovicic surfaces was carried out in software ArcGIS 10.1. A three-dimensional spatial dynamic model of the Central Kyzylkum Ore-Magmatic concenter was developed on the basis of a complex methodology, including an integrated analysis of the placement of deep structures, the relationships of objects and phenomena using modern methods of spatial analysis and geomodelling. New potentially promising areas for gold mineralization of the Muruntau type have been elucidated within the Central Kyzylkum Ore-Magmatic Concentre (CKOMC).